==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================

ߣƻ
4781836

ݼ飺
ǿ磬սŮȺۣʶ£˭棡


1 ڿ
ǧ֮ߣһƬϼε
أһɫʵʥɽ˵ɽҲΪļأ޻ûɣʼʡ桢ӥԪ̫桭ǵĸԴççأ
ܾأ˵ɽ֮档ݴ̫ͨܣԴֻͨݣÿݶһԴͷء
ȻЩֻǴ˵
ۣ֮һıϢѪɱ¾չ
ףΪȫ֯ǿ֣벻ԼǰɣɽһɫƤµŮӣЦ
棬һѪĻӡȻƸˣһ˫ƻŶ֣ʱչ͵Ĵһ
ףܲӡ顱̹ܽ٣š֧͵Ķ飬ڵѹŸع֯ԻĵĲ֮ģ졣ȫ磬ǸͷԽʦ֡ͷŭΪøعŷɥֺš
ûƾʵԣ׾Ȼĵĳˡ̥ؾΪڶλסǡؾǿߡ񣬼ȫعȦĵڶ֡ͷŭҲڡ̥ؾھżϡ
ؾ֮֮
Σ׾Ȼ˹¾սĿླӵȣ˵һŮФ˵йع֯İΧ᧿ΣΪӪԼսѣ׶˵ɱ벻Ф浾Ȼͽײʱӱͻʩɱ֣һǶشסҵʮλֳ˼׿Ŀս
һΣ㳲дﵽˡ̥ؾģˡѾƿصļ֣ͽФ浣ǲˡ̥ؾ죬֮Ҳŭλӵ
Ⱥǻš
ˣȡо綾׻ֻλǿߣλ̥ؾǿ֡ʧѾˡǣԼҲѾƿ;ʵǿվ޷ֲ޴࣬οǰ
죬Ҫ֮𣿡пЦšФ浺ֶס·ǰ¡󱳱Ф͵Ϯĵˣ顣Ծֶ赲ǶصӣͱǼѪĶҩˡ
棬֪ʤФûнΪ֪׵ĿֲǡؾǿߵĴһ֪ǺεȵĿֲڵ̥ؾǿѾ֮˵֪Χѽʯȭաڡǡǿֲĵ̡Ф浲Լϴġѡ綾ֻѹƣ׶ޱƳĿܡǻؾǿдͨҲûбƶʱ䡣ʱϵԽã׾Խ
ƣһֹĽ֡
ûһȺСǷ۹⸱Ӱ׳ɽǱȫȳͼأһҪػŵĵطţе᲻áˣҲδؾûκǣҡ
ˣʦŭϸҪ¾սˣ
ˣȺǻѪֵܡΪף
ˡǸ߶߶Ϲʦ
Ǻǣ뵽Ǹضǿͷ׵Ҳ̲סֳһĨ顣
׹¿ףϹģͬ졣˵ʦͽ
ͷһҲһ徻˰ɣֻϧûΪ̧ײˡЦϹӳԶʤڴʦ֣ʦͽȴԩһ㣬Ͷ
ֻϼһΪô׼˵ӽ겻бдףȻӦˡ׺Ȼ뵽ȥϹӳȥ֮ǰΪһԡ
ϹӣȻǸдͨġ״׺ŭҲ֪ϹǺεΪңϹѧӣֱ֪ǸһĴڡ
ңϼһһֱ߶߶˵Ļ֮
Ϲ˵̫컯˫׵ӣֻ֮ġѰۡڶۿȴƫƫܿ졪ΨѰףҲϹģʮһ
ĻǼٵģ˿϶Ϊ޻̸֮ȴȷġ
ΪױȷʵһԹ׵Ѱۣ
˫۾ܿ޷֪Ĺа
ͱççأ˿һƬƺãȴƫܿƺһ޴ĻӰӰبƺʼգظ֮仺ӴĺӰһڵľϿɲ
ֲܿ׻ӦϹӶ꣬Զǳ˿ɱȡĺӰҲһΡ̩ɽʶ֮ϡʱϹ۵Ϲӷ·ͻȻ˶ָ̩ɽɽʮﳤĺӰ˵ƣǾϹ
⣬Ϲӻ˵Ѿپʮ꣡
⣬ҲģҲֻܹ֮
ǣϹƫƫ˵ɷн£˵ۿһŨҵɷ𣻼أɽҰ켫أ׽õħиƺƵ˺˴š
ʵã
ЩײȷţҲҲšϹӽӴԽã컯δ֪оԽǿҡ䣬̫೬֪ء
ͺǰبȺɽ֮еֲӰǳ޷ĴϹ˵ɽ֮棬ɽȻﳤĺӰˣʵǰ
ҼȻ֮ΪؾĸԴȻƻ̩ɽӵĴ磬һ㲻Ϊ֡
ף㻹ţФЦѾ綾ȻһСʱҹƣٹһʮӣʵǿҲö˰ɣʶһķϣ㻹ԼˡɱԼսѣվһ顣
ûФ浵ͼٴȱΪ˼ȫһԵĻϢ
ֻɽӰȻζֻо٣ȴĿ䣡
ǰԶɽ䣬ɫһƺӴͷ­翴Уͷģңͷſ޿ڣƺ˻
Ф浺ͼ׶ȴ·˲ɣ˻
ܣܣɫ䣬о
ȹ̣ص֮Դݷﲻ֪ǧ꣬ƬءϹ˵󶯣Ȼؽٱ䣡飬ҲǴ˵δ
Ȼ䣬׵ͫ׼ΪȻͬХƿͷڿն
޾գ˺һ㣬һ޴ճ֡
ɲǼ䣬ƹ˺Ƶӿصضɽҡ


2 
ɫ䡣
֮й׶ϿձһƬ׺
罻֯Ǳ˺Ƶзӿƾˡ
б鲼ףºȻζ׸оڿ֮ʱǿ𺳣ǧضҡΡ
Ф浵˿󣬿ܿѹĺ׺Ҳܸоµɽ𶯡𣿣ǵôͬʱѹФ浴󾪣Щվȶˤ
һ䣬ֱФһ̥֡ؾǿߣסһΪҡ
Ф浾ˣΪ׵ߡ˲ˣֲֻ֮жһʯ֮¡
ףʱȫȻſˡ㲻ƱɱԼҲ֧Ų˶ʮˡڵѾ綾ѾģԸȻˣβ֮ǰž˵֮䡢컯ΰ
ʱѹѹﳤبӿ쾪㤣ľҲ⾪
Ƭ֮УһֲֻĻɫצ˺ѵ˳
צ
צӴ߶ȣȻ̫࣡Ǿ޴צƣƺҲһһֻãϢۡǣϢ۳ľƫƫһ־жʶĸо
ôܣ֮Уצ̽ѵϿҪһž˫֮ս
⣬ƾճһֲ
ɫľצȻ˿еԾֲצֺȻץգӲǽıץɢһš
Щ·Ѫһ㡣˺һ֮˻𷭹Ȼòƾʹࡢ߿
Ȼֱϣ˶ͷֱ˺Ƶ֮УǰצҲ̽˽ȥʱһʹ׵ĶĤײ²⵽ֱ֮ˣ
˵ĳ׽Ϣ
վӲƬաǣڻɫ¶ݡӴͷֻǰצ֣趯צΨһͬǣһɫͨںڡ
˻𣬿лƹֱ˲佫ȫ֡ͬһ޴Ĳϼ룬İ׸оƺ
Ȼڴʱһ˻ƺȻζ漴ϿϼĿĺƣǻɫסϼӳ
ĺϼʡһĿıը԰âһ޴õĹڸϿաޱ߼ʣѹǧֱ
⹬ڷ·ֺͨ磬СȮɸܣ۴α̨ͬʱݻޣꡣԼӰϹֻӰѣĪ⣬Ķǡ
ϰ񾩣Լգ
ɹһԼǿѹΰ˿ӿɲǼ䣬˻𣬶ʱſۻƣֱ
һΣǿƶֹʮɫȻײ׺вֻǻ嶼Щɢ
籡ӿǵ˺Ƶգɢƣս£粹졣
ĪֵƺҲѺһ࣡
Ȼ֮ʱȻһ㣬Ȼ׹ӵظ֮䡣Ӵ׹ͬʱһŨĻɫҲ׹䣬ֱ壬ǡڵλá
ƣȻսԱ䣡ǣƵܶȣƺЩ̫ࡣ۵ʵʣȾذٱǧδͷ׾͸о޾ѹͬ׹أֱ塣Ȼ촷ۣ
ֱɣӴԵС֮ϣȴƺܽɽ֡ѹ塣
ףھʯ֮Ф浵ˣҲѾҰ
УǵѺƺѾҪ׺£ǴʱһǻɫƺʣȻһץӲ̽ץ˹ץλãϿŨơ
ϣƺһŭٶȺȻǣǻɫѾ֣ƽץ˾޴צ֮Сצǵض£ץסƣ嶼˺һء߬צУһͬջءеģȻ׼Ф浵ˡ
ɲǼ䣬׸о˵ضɽҡһɾ޴ѹ˷Ϯ
ΪǱ֣֮徹Ȼץ֮Ũ֮СƺѪ֮в谭ǣһͬץľ޴ɽʯȴ̼仯Ϊ촷ۣԻɫצķ϶Ʈɢ
£ŭȴδ׷ɫצȻջأ̼˳Ѻۡ
У޴İɢѺ۳ֺϡ
ϼɢƵϿգһ˿ϼ
Ũ֮еףȴФ浵һͬһֻ֮Сڻɫץգ˶ǶŨ֮СʱФ浵Ȼ׹ξججȴڼŹ㲩ͬʱб֮ģһݿĹˣּ˷·Ưڵ֮СλãһĽɫϢ˿˿ɢ΢ʡ
ͬ̽ץȥǵɫϢȻٿһֱ׵üСţ·δ
׵ڣȻ䷭ͨĹѪͬ˰ڷ˺ѰʹࡣȻʹ飬һ˿𾪵ķ֣Լǡǡ̼ԲڵѾ綾Ҳյټ
ƺֻǿʼ
һԣФѾָһЩǣȵĿǰסΪȻ֣ʱͬһ㡣Ȼǰȴ˵ĿС
ܵģФ浸оһ˿Σաֱڷһֵı仯ֱ仯һɣؽΪ
ɱ
ãȻ֮ʣФ嶸Ȼ


3 ̥ǣ
޾ǿգǺӲá
ԴͨܺȻ֣һƣĪǿ֮оұڣ֪Ҫкδ
Ƶľ޴ǰצУץһźɫġŨơ֮УĵӰ
ˣ׺Ф浵
һֳڵĿѧ޷ͣΪܹǿա
ԴһŨƣסףʹһֲ˼ĺɡ
ʱɫɻã׺Ф浶κξԼڽһο¶׳ǿպɡǻֻΪͣظֻ˶ѡ

ƺһڵе˼ڵʹļ尾һ˿ҲֻܹעԼǾ˵ı仯
Ф浵ȻûоҲûֵ
ǣФ浱Ϊһеʱǵɡ׵ƺһ¿֮ڣܵ־ҵķ
޿κΣФ浾ȵĿ׵ı仯ֲѡԤУѾܵѾ綾Σˡ֮ʱԼĩգ
ףФ浸ղŶԼʲôڵֻһܾʹһ߸𾪺ͱϲ
ϵѾ綾ѾʧӰ١ԼԭǡһΪ̼ʵ˾Բ
󣬾ھĴѡʮ澭ʹ尾һδε飬Ȼµ
ѵ⾹ȻǴ˵еġϴؾ
ʦϹ˵ڵʱ֮󾳽硪
̥
ǣ
ϴ
裡

˴ɽǰÿһؾΪľ硣
Ī˵ؾĲ࣬ͬһؾһΪʵҲѹơ
ֻĵϡѳϹŴͨߡ״ǰǡǡؾҲֻǰ֪ĵڶλһλȻϹӡʱףֻǿסһ족ľ磬Ծס
ڣ׾Ȼһͻ˻Ǿ죬һؾϣɹѣĪġϴؾ
ң̬
澭ÿһ׷·Ļһÿһֻأڡϴؾϸһ죡
µٶȣ붼롣
ȻٶνĿ£Ҳֻǰй̶ԡʵϣÿһͻƣյʱ䡣ɴ˿ɼ׳źεȿֲʹࡣȻҲǿպɵʱ֮
Ѿȹ˶գФ浺ѾǸ޷ףȴܵǹϢԽԽǿǵħһѣǽǵĩաڼ䣬ҲƴⱼܣȴʼܲɷΧһܷĺӣ򲻿岻ơÿԵԶ˻
ΨһФֵǣôոȻҲ֪ʡֱ֪ɵŨƣ˵Уʮ겻ˮҲȥ
岻ˣֻһ׳׳һľսĵز
ʱȴ֪ʱѾŵʹľʧȥ˶ʱ׼ȷжϡ֪澭һһıͨˣ
ͨ
ͨ
άͨ
άͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ죡
Ī£ͨʮԽѨ໥ͨǡϴؾһ졪ͨ
ϴؾھ죬ɣ
ԼѾԭ֮У˾޴ǡͿֲ̫ڳȷţԼܷסѸ͵
ǣƺڼ׵־Ϊתơ
ڣһֽʹȫľָֻʹ
ʱһɫĹâ­ɢͬʱֲ˾޴֮ԼоܱߺĪϢԼӿе޵ļҲڽֹͣƺﵽļ֮屾ܵĵֿµĽ
ЩĪϢڲͣӿѾ͵ʱЩϢС֮ʵʣޱء
ͬ׺Ф浵˾δֱɵƣɺɫΪɫȻսϡеľڣѾӿ׵壬С֮С
ƵϡФ浺־Ȼܿľ󣬶ʱ
޾գǺ˸һźӴűԵһſԲԶâĲӾǷĵĿ־塣
ֽҪȥδ
ʱһǿѹƸжȻФǸоͬĺˮХǵѹ
Ȼתҡ
ФĿѾ˫ۣĿ硣


4 
һۻɽٶۺϢڱ޾ѹֱɵơ
׻۾УһŻɫƣؿФˡ
ɱ
ȴФ֮⣬֪Ҵ֮Ͼ㶼һ˿֮ɫͻס
ߣ
ߣһһǿ磬һһ˵Դһ˵ȭһֵĲϣͷѵʱ
̥ܾǿߣڵԳ֮Ϊˣݽһ㱻׸ɵˡ
վԶФ浿ľǾ׵ǿѾ󣬿Ѿﵽ˵еĽ硣
ɱ֮ײûмŶɱФ浣΢üͷȥ
ɫһգƴ󡢹ޱ޼ʣһſǳ
Ѿ뿪򣬵ûʲô⣬ǽ
Ф浵𣺡Ҫɱң¼ŵֻԼˡ
תͷƽܵսѣʲôû˵
Ф΢һ֪׵Ը˵׶Դ飬һɵˡ
Ǽ˲սľûǣФҲûзɾ裬Ҳ׺¹¶ʱһ
ûФ浣ڼԼ塣
ܸоȫÿһ澭ҲѾͨ΢΢תȫһ㵭Ľɫԣһ㡣
ͨж̺Īϴȥ˷裬ɾʹ˵еĽ֮
֮޴ɡ
ζû뵽ȻһճΪһʿʦϹ˵Ψϴȥ裬ɾͽ߲ܳΪʿ
ϹҲ˵ΪϡѾûеһʿˡ
ֻ֮ʿĳʼ׶ΣֻϹҲ֪֮棬ʲô硣
ҵ徿ʲôı仯𶯣۾˼
žƣ˼ࡣ
Ѿﵽ֮ȻӣʶɨԼÿһ磬ϲȫޱȽʵ纣Ƚ֮ǰҪǿ󾡰ٱ·Ͷӵлذΰ
Ȼʶﵽﴦȴ΢΢һ
ﴦһصɫ壬֣ɽɫ׵ĸоǳĪ⡣
ʶҲ棬Һõ澭磬ûʲô
񶷣ɫӦǴģǺö
̤֮֮ҲǰͣһܹںŽɫ壬Ϊͨʿ
ֿЦʱܽѻδ֪
䣡
ٿȻ䣬ɫǿҡضһ㡣
ͬʱ׸оһױȵŻɫ·ȥһſʯǰɿ
ǿסΣФҰף䵽һ࣬ﾪеֵܣ۷ʲô£㲻Ҫҡ
Ͼ˼ЫĳŮˣΪԼ·һž޴ĹǣȵҪǧֹ
ķǿŹǡ
Уɫʼھҡ𶯣أҾ˾סǡ
ɫƼ½Ф浾ǻֵܣȫǽ㲻ãʶʮ꣬һҪҡ
ü̾Ϣû뵽㾹һˣҴ绹ϲ㡣
ʱѾ㣬һɾǿͻȻɫ˺ѣ˲ֿ
ֵܾңֵܡФ浾ִУ˲ûӰ
ɫƳɢװһʮɸߵգʹԼҲ޼¡
һתȫɫâȫ΢΢һŽɫڵŵȥ
飡
գӽԵ״Ӽʮɵĸ߿սʱ򣬸ɵĵ涼𶯣֤ٶȺεȾˡ
žʹԼԹȥͻһǣ֪ʲô
ȡ
ܣֻдУľԴïʢһƬľ
ϾϥתϹӴڸԼķ˵һķСֻǿϧֻǰƪ
ʦϹżӶ֪Ϲʿɾ
ɾƪҲǱѰƬ̹ȫȣѪֱ
ʲô
һ֮ͷ̧ͷȥʱĿɿڴ
һͷ޴Ĺӿзɹȫܻ棬һͷٶȷǳ죬գۼʧʡ
ͷ򥡢߾걳βģûɣȻһͷˡ


5 Ů
һͷķˣͨ尵ɫ淭ͷɹʱܸоһɹˡ
״סˣû뵽￴˵е񣬷ǰ֮Ĺż飿𢡷мأ˵Ϲʱˮ󣬾ףʢ䡣֣ȺȺʽظ裬һҲˡ
˵żвûп󣬻£װզ಻ѣѲԼ磿
ǿͷ׾˺һͷ󣬿֪жôǿ

̾׺ָܿһѶ֮ˣǼпʿ磬ȣЩ
ᣬ˱ըӯһߴＸʮɵĴϣȥ
ôһƬԭʼɽӳһһɽݳȺǧ޳û
Զɽƣ΢۾֪˫Ŀ죬ʩչ׵ġѰۡ
ƬɽɽҪޱߣʩչѰ֮ۡԼܿһﳤĿֲӰȺɽ֮гʱʱ֣ɢſֲĪϢ
ǿֱ״󾪣˫ָϳ෴ķȥ
ֻɽǳԵĵǶģʩչ조ѰۡһǺ棬ҲΪ˱巽Ҳ߳Ƭɽ
׷һһɽżȶķȥ֪Ѿ˽ʱ䡣
ںܲƽ
һ·ܶ͵ޣЩ޹ˣҲǷ˾ţ֮ɱ
мЩ⣬Ѿ޽ǿߣƬɽҲ޵С
һսͬ޴ĺôΪı׶ȫѾȫӦڵͬʱҲڲͣÿĥΪ
壬Ѿǿᵽһ˵ĵزһȭܷһСɽ
߳
ֹ˼졣
ַһɽ壬ȥժһЩҰ伢һ֮߳ͬʱޱХɽ𶯡
Ŀһİһµʱ䣬ԭסˡ
λ֮⣬һλۻӵŮֳһ̽նУּһݺᣬͲƿ
ĶһͷԼɵǣһͷǳµޣٶ죬ҹˡ
շаʿ磬̫ˬˡûмȥæһԣһöҰŨĹ㡣
շеŮȺκζԵо̫٣ƤһȻϻ˿ڣƤˣ˴š
Ѿͷаһս鶼ûҲһ˳ҡҡͷƨվ
óٲƬ̣Ůͻᱻ˺Ƭ

һ͵һԾݺҧŮ

ŮŵɫһʱһͣӰ
Ů£㡣׳ͭɫļ̫˸Źԣһʮף䣬磬ͬʱһֻ޴һ㣬䣬ݺǡ

Ǳŭһצһҵ

צײһ𣬾Ȼʯཻ·Ǹһ㡣
ԽսԽ£ӲӲǿǿǿޱȣʹҲ
һХεض𣬸£ǵԴݺĽС
䣡
޴޵ض·һ΢С顣
̫ˡ
֮ǰڣ͵ޣԶһͷǵȷ̫ˡ
λ֣̫ǿˣม󣬴ŮԼ͸һ˿档
׷ۣ⻰ôô
תȥſŮģһ˫ӨȻй⣬ȻЩ⣬ȴҲɫݡ
ڵ׼ŮҲ΢΢һΪһдδĹ
ŮֳֽӲסתƣҲڴף׳΢죬ȴһɶ˵ϡ
ҽлȣһסֵľ֮ġŮֵһϽģ
׿ֱЦѾͷһ񣬻ƫƫװһʵӡ
ĻеһЩƺԼΪ֣ô˵ž޴ǹȻʿס硣
ﲻض񣬴Сϵ͸ҪΪ֣û뵽ҸմӴɽгƻˡ
ɵЦٲȻһ񡢲µӡ
ĿһԵʮֺ棺־Ȼڰɽס㸸һǰˣֲõֻûƳͽֻˡ


6 ϴ
⻰ʱ¶ޱĵı飬ȻԹ˵ЦˣҸʲôǰˣһͨ˶ѣǰ츸ײұˣվȥˡ

Դ󾪣׾տݼ˿ûлɣСذο֣ʧˣԲ𡣡
аЦѵһʼ磬ԽϷ˵ҸǰңҲҪϾɽУҪ߳ƬɽѧϰķΪ𡣡
ţױһ׻ѻĳСɵĵӣΪڵĸֲѴ׵Լɽ֡
ֻ޽СŸϰز
ȻδױĻŲɣͬʱҲǳΪûܵϵͳĽ̵ܳΪһʿһš
»ؼҲú±ѵˡ
Ŀǿģа͵͵ܳһǸһλŵӣܵء
뵽ε¶һ˿΢ЦţףЦûʵ
ҽס
ЦҲܲá
Цлִղȣٴлִ粻ĵôȤһͬȥ
Թ˼ǣ
ѽһӰС֣ǱˣһؼңøͽܣͿԱøˡ
סϲ񡯣млԹҾ˵γˣǲ
ǴͷûǻۣǱĹأƣҲŲᱻء
δĿСŮΪԼռıˣ͵Цͣⲻ֪׸пЦӵݼ̫տˣʶ˹ûġ
׸߳ɽò˵Ƭɽ̫ˣҲǽңĵطֻǰɽıԵشǲҽ䵽ֻ˲ͱֲ˺Ƭ
ִ磬㲻а
ᡣ
̫ᣬҽɡЦģǳϾ
ðҰɡҲЦϾЦݸȾˣΪǵʧҲܶࡣ
νܼ򵥣ֻҪﵽ޽ʾ˼κױѧˡ
˷ɳɽϷȥһ·ߴߴ˺ܶණҲ⾿һʲô硣
ž޴ĹǽʼԴǣȷʿ硣
ʼԴڵĵطǼϴ򣬺ޱߣ֪Ҳֻ֪֣δȥ
пԿһϴͱȵҪ󼸰ٱֹ
ϴ˵ҲмǧһмԻĹžʹңΪĹңʵɲ⣬ϴ
ڵɽ𽣶죬ڼϴһɣǧ꣬䲻Ĺұ⣬ȴҲһһĴţڵǧʵСӡ
СѾͷ˵׾ǽ𽣶ƽ̣һλԪĴʥе֡
ͬʱҲʿĻһ˽⡣
ϣ֮ȻʿʼƳУ
žǵɵΪڣԽ֮
ɣϳͷ­ʱǺ֮ɣ򿰳һǿߡ
Ǻ֮ϵԪ֪֮ˣֻ֪ԪΪʥɸ
ңԪ֮ϻ磬СѾͷͲˣΪСѾͷҲֻ޽ѣͬûƳ
ľս˿޽ǲеĲ񣬿ԱʸûС
ţһɺֳţڵܳΪǿˣͬġ
ʲãأ˭
ףĺǿΪһƬԼĹأ

߳ɽַգһСǡ
û˵һϴĵط׹˺룬һĵɫ˶ʱࡣ
Ӵԭִ绹ͦӢôӲ⣬ɵġһҾ¥ڣ˿ЦûûΡ
ûдٸҵСѾͷһƴãԵͣ㡣
ˢˢ
׸ճԱ㣬ȻԶնɫӰ̤նųʣһ㡣
ɫһ䣬æ˵ѽҸץҵһִ粻Ҫ˵͡
˵˷ܵػӶֱۣеʦ֣ʦ㣬ء


7 ̨
ɫӰ·˵ʣبУȥ
ȸԾһ˶һЦž¥һλȵŮЦЦСʦã̫Ƥˡ
˽䵽һԣӿʣŮһɾ¡
ױ治ɫȴ𾪡
һŮû¶ʲôƣɾƪ֪ڳˣ͸Ӧ̲ǿɱԼ
ģڵ޵УֱǸּįطûһ𡣡
׺ǲˬиֹ̲ҲӼᶨԼҪǿľģﲻȵ˿ûзɺȨǳ׵׵ǿΪ硣
ͬģеʦ֡ʦҲף㶼ĿһǷ˺ӡ
Ȼ׽ɣȫѪȣʢֱÿɶġ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ǵٶ죬żҵˡЦģһҲ£ǻûԷɣһ԰ɡ
ѾͷʦŮһЦתͷߵ˵磬ǲϢһСʦҲ߲ˡ
ðɡҲЦЦ˷ֱ£ҲԷЦЦĽ͡
÷ë˫¶ֺðЦݣϵûƢɣ
˵أŮЦŷʡ
ǳԸɣγҲһΪһͽܡ
ͽܣһȻĿ뿴ףλʦĿ磬ϵϸϸһ
ʦִ֣磬ִ˺ܺõġˣе
磬λСֵܣλСֵϢȣĿⴿǴ֮Ů΢΢һЦסӵ֡
˾һȡײ룬¶ЦݣǺɵЦͣ
ϡ
Цһ䣬Ȼ͵ʦ㣬͵͵ܳһģڿŵʱѡ˰ɽ
ڰɽʶִ磬ִڰɽΧشӣɱһͷϮҺǸӺɱޣִĸȴΪ˾ɥˡ
ֱЦСѾͷе㼱ǣһʡȴԼ鷳֤ԼӦúˡ
֡
ʦɫ΢䣬ѵѾͷȥ˰ɽҿЩ֪֮ҪɽоҲˡ
һЦΪ⣬²׽ܣִ磬λҵʦٻٻҲҵʦ㣬ǰйһǱΪ
޿ЦãȻ׸ȤĿһЦСֵССѾ޳ɽ˼ķΪλǽ𽣶죿
ɫ䣬׻ѻ˵˳ˣָ޽һ䣬֮ɫҸ˵ֺܸߣҳɽһɣʱҲ뿪ףڡ
˵˵ţ鲻ԽᣬݵķǳȻûһ˿
ƺҲȾȦģԼʦµô°Ҫִ¡
С׵һ֮ʣҲ׷ǷǱ˵ǽ𽣶ȷǼ񵽱ˡ
ٻٻ΢΢һЦΪԼΧ˵СֵܲҪ̫ѹˣȻǽ𽣶죬ɷԸһͬȥ
ĿȥôҵȻԸ⣿ϲ񣬵ͷ
ٻٻЦȻˣǽ𽣶ϲֵĵӣСֵţʦҲǼϲġ
һתЦֶ˵СѾͷҲ˼ˣǸûȥ˰ɡ
ЦִϣΪѾʹӦա
ٻٻЦǺãھͻŰɡ
ðɣִһͬؼҰɣһΪͽģִԺΪһǿߵġ׺кøУ˵Ů֮飬ȴҲһѿɱȡ
áһЦ

ԭΪҪŻص𽣶죬ȻǷɳ֮óһƴС̵ͨʯһ
Ϊʦëַˣ͵ִ磬Ǵ̨ʿпѰĶ
ΪʼԴ̫ˣϴޱ޼ʣԪʿҪҲҪ£ЩСʿ
˴̨ͷֻҪȷе̨꣬γţ˲ܺǧĿĵء
̨ΪʦֵĴ̨һǱ˻ֻܵͣҸһܹصĴ̨˲䵽ﱱء


8 칬
̨ɫâǣӳǧһģų֣ߴףִҪ£ܺء
֪ΪչҪϷһ£ºЦһһμôķء
߽źͿʼ̨׶ʱоһ΢ѣУֻܶһƬƬģɫӰûҪһʲôоܹӰʧˡ
ʱӳһƬΡɽ
ɽƣɽɼϢɽȪɽӿѩ׵˻
һɽ϶һǧԶԶȥڣкܶɺڷ裬ȷһʥء
𽣶ǧ꣬Ĵ̣ɸƣ˻Ĺ֮⣬˸ǡ
Ƭɽڽ𽣶ΧмʮڵǧͷֱƻĹҡ
СʦãʦͨѾ֪ˣǻǸϽȥ칬ȥɡܳȣһλӣʵһ꣬аꡣ
ððִף׿ִһҲϲġЦݲãɹеľ飬մ
ǽ𽣶Сǣ˶ϲνʿ֮ĹĶǣһȫûм
Ǽ˳ΰһɽȥǽ𽣶ĸ֮أΰĽ칬Ѿǧꡣ
һ·ϣ׿նУУʿһͷͷϣд󣬺òڡ
ɽǧɸߣȻʼů紺Ҳûп񱩵쫷磬ȻǱܰѷԲ򶼸ıˡ
ɽۣ֮Īͨһʥأǧһ·Ž칬ȥֻľԴ䣬ҩ洦ɼҩ˱ǣһƬľ
һǧ׳ٲһɽϴ£ӵңڵǳ
һ·δ̫ˣֻдŻɫ·ʹӹضԼ
ǽ𽣶ʥأʸĲˣЩ˴æԺܰ
Ϊ׽ͣΪ׵ȷܲȻЩɵʳȣʱ
ִ磬㿴ô׾ɽ壬ΪʶǣҪͨ˵ӸԿɽ壬ͱɽӸɱˡ
ЦúܿģҪмޣÿ겻֪ҸΪʦϧҸһֻհλӣǵھλء
޶һۣСʦö̫ˣδһ¡
жֳһӰҪСʦϲˣǿˡ
˵Ц䣬Ѿ칬ſڣǳΰͺɢӺصϢﳤǧ֪꣬סپǿߡ
ڹſڴһʯС𽣡֡
ΧĵģֻһЩʹڴɨӹƮҶһҲûС
׶Դ˿⣬ǽ𽣶ĸ֮أʲôֻס칬ıȻǳǿߣָذĴڡ
칬е¥񵭣⾻δž͸еϵһ
ڣ̻ԻͣۼҲһˣһ԰ĺȲ衣
һλǺ׷ͯյˣݰ꣬Ž˿ۣɡ
һλԵúϣȻֻţȴһƿµȡ
ѽ𲮲ҲءһЦλ׷ͯյ˾һȻƵıλˡ
ϵһˣô˫ֻס׵ĲӣЦͣ
ݼʦ𣬼ʦǰȻһԲ˵
׼λɡԵóϻ̳Ͽ֣ǳĹò
ţ
ĸ΢΢̧ͷһƽ͵Ŀɨֻȫһƺһ֣·ȫһ˿ܣ˶¶Ŀ֮¡
ĸоܸܲоǺεȵǿ󣬿ժ£һ֮Ƭɽ
Ԫʿܸ򣬱ΪʥĴڣڼʶεĲˡ
޽ѪʢкܺõӣһӰ
λ׷ͯյ˺һڲ裬һ̾ǴѰĺӣøҰɡ
𲮲ִҸϵѰĵӣø㡣Сһµ
׷ͯյ΢ЦѾͷ㸸Ѿ˰λͽܣѵøһô
ܡͷ˵
֣ʦ˵⸱̬ôЩ쵽׸ʲôȥˣ˵
𽣶ƽ̻ջĿ⣬׶ʱоѹһɨգȫһϸܵĺ顣
£һЦõ˵ǽֵһЦϵβܷƢ˰ɣҿΪǽ𽣶ҵһλء


9 Ž
ȷһС磬Ϸʲָһ㣬ȻоϲţԭΪѰһλӡ
ʱһЦ洫һλѩл񣬽üĿѵõӡ
ӴˣҲˡ΢΢һЦһڲ裬۾꣬Ҫʦͽô
μʦ塣򸾹
壬ԽԽ˧㶼ôŮˣͲҪϵͽ
꿡һ죬һŮ͵ģӲܼ̳ҵ²
ĸףʿΪ𽣴ʥ¶һ˿ЦݣҡͷʧЦȻǱŮΪѡĵӣǾͲҪˡ

Եúʧϧ˭ƽأʦּȻڣֻܸˡ
νǺһЦװ˭Ϊʦǽ𽣶֮ʮ󣬽ɳΪŵʥӡ
ߵǰ˫۶Ȼâȫ֣һ˫ȥ
ģһϲɡױúܲڣȴһָͷûһ¡
ʦ֣һλСͽܵĸǣѪʢѵʣ
ȻһɫȻùŹ˫ĿԽҫۣûס
ԣǳĲԣ⺢⣬λʦһ¡üͷ
ţ
ͺҲһǰҲʼ׵ĸǡ
ģ˵ɫˣùŹֺ;棬Լһ˿ʧ
ôѵʣ궼ˣôᱻ
գջͨ̾׵Ŀһ˿ϧͿ
ϵ˵ʲôִѵʲôôææʵ
΢΢һ̾ҡͷ˵ҪûĻ⺢Ӧǿž׵ʣΪŽ塣
žף
ֹףԼ򸾶סˣ⻰˵̫ˣӹŵм˵ܳƵϿžף
ѵ𽣶ļ񵽱ˣ
򸾿׵Ŀʱˣ˵Ļ˵׵ĺܱ̬۰¡
ϲʦ𡣡
Ҿ˵ִģϵ㻹мңЦ俪ģ۾С
ġ
һ̾Ϣҡͷֹ⺢ӵʵȷŽ壬ڼʮǰ޾ףɵŽʮûе֣ۿĴڡ
ϧԻĹ֮ƬرˣŽ壬ʵӲʯɺ޷Ƴֹ޽Ѿзˡ
壡
ڶʱžĿ뿴ס
з壬ɡסˣҲסˣ෴ȴƽĿֻһʲôû˵
ҲãĹǰΪŽҲգײ̫ܷһ仰˵㡣
죬涣ϵִĲô
ĹǰŽ޵УܺɣȻرˣŽҲʱĻԻͣҲź
˵ɫܸӣԭΪӵһ磬û뵽ȴŽ壬ֽķ塣
ղ˵ĻĿʧˣޱʧٹעס
̬ʱˣæϵ㻹ִΪͽô
ҵͽǲеķ壬⺢ӼȻѣڽ𽣶һŵӣǶȹһ
ϵ㡭
ˣ˵ˣҲҪΪ𽣶룬ӵȷУҲЦһ֣ŮĻ
ʧķҲ˹ʺˡ꿴׵ĿⲻУЩ
ǺһЦס
ɫӣҲû뵽Ѫһʢ꣬Ȼеķ塣
ǰķ̫ˡ
ִ磬ܷУҶõѣҲġߵǰ滨꣬Ϲҳۡ
üͷһ壬Ǻεһ۾ܿԼŮС˺øУôˣҲû˵ʲô
ѾԾһҪŮԶ壬ɴ巢䵽ƶɽŮ
ǺǣȻ˲ԸҪӣøϷɣϷ򵹾Ӳ
ȻʱһƮͻȻ˶У棬˵
ͬʱİֳһӰһλߣɫ£ӰƯͨеɫתʵ壬ֻǴͨʿһˡ
ʦ塣
ݼʦ
ˢ
ƽ֮⣬˾Ȼȫݣ񣬲˿


10 
еӰȻֻһȴƺƵɢȻΰ׸֪Ƿܳһ˿徲ΪӡȻϢ
궼ͶϹʾ𾴣붼Ҳ֪˵λ磬ǽ𽣶ʯһ
ʦ壬ڱչôѵͻԪϵôݣϾһ֮ʵҪһЩ
ʧˡ
΢΢һЦԵޱɣҴ޽ǧԪǼޣϷûͷˡ
ʦ塣
ʦ
˴󱯣Ͷ΢΢һ˫Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫ𾪣ʦ嶼޷̤һңɼô
ͣʤҰٱϣģϷ޽ȴ²ʧ⺢ӼŽ壬Ұɡ
ͿЦҡͷʦ壬Ҳ֪⺢Ž壬ǲеķ壬οҪ²ŵʤ϶ҵõġ
аһԼ￴ˣʲôƨŽ壬ܷںӵһ仰ܰҴ
ң˺кøУ徲ΪӡȻϢǳϢϳˢԼĽȻоԼһӡ
ǲȰˣϷִҪǲıģ⺢ҾʹˣӽԺ̫ɽˣǵСʦܡ
Ӱһֹ֣͵Ȱ˵ָһָһɲǾͷɳ칬
⣿
͵˿ĿɿڴԼλʦ廹ڲͬȻһλ嵱ͽܣ
ʦֵɫܹŹֶ֣һλСʦܣһλԶƳеʦܣ
Ƚˣܸˣ漴ֹѽ״ݰүүΪʦǱҸһߣҲŲأҪǸԳƱĳҾʹ
ʦ޽ȥλʦɣʦţǽ𽣶ʵ½࣬Ԥ
ǡӦ
ҲҪƤˣƳڼŴȿɲܶΪ档
Ŷһ࣬ɵӦһ

ױɫ֣ɳ칬縡Ӱһ㣬һɽǰһţգۼͷɳ
󣬵ɫһɽۣҲһɽ壬ɽ۱ĥƽأԲǧ
ҩƮ㣬һаɸߣһͷͷеţһжôİƽ
ûΡĹҲûлʹӣɫڼéǰԶʧ
һ̫ˣ͸ŴӡȻϢеɾıϡ
תѪأЩϢڲϳˢϸ飬о
׵ʵٵޱǿ󣬱ȸոս䵽ʼԴʱҪǿʮֹ
ģѪҲԽԽʢڷӴԼŽɫѪֱظߴɡ
ƳʿҲûѪʢ
̫̫ףΣĪ֪ءԺУһַ裬ǡķɾƪȴҲʿ
Խǿ󣬿ʯվéǰڲʱɽХ
Ž壬ķȷʺԽԽǿᣬԺҪƳޱȼѡ
éڣһϵ̾Ϣ
ɾ򣬰ʱһн豹棬ǧֵɾӡɬѶȴֺࡣ
׻۾ջѪоҪ֮ǰǿʮҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ӴˣǾͽɣϷʱˡéڣһλƽ
ǡ׶éڵ˺кøУŶ룬ڳܼ򵥣ֻмΣ뷢԰׵һϣһ޵Ϣ·Ѿ뵽С
ǰ
׹񣬱ڽ칬ҪϿࡣ
ؾɡĿºͣһۣ̲ס΢ЦͷͶƭˣΪޱ꣬ȴǧֵͻСӡ
ЦЦҲ˵ľ̫ˣһۿԼıʲϡ档
Ҳܿһֻû˵ˡ
ЩǧĻʯǰײŪԼС˼ǲǵΪ
СһԸΪʦӴ֮ǽ칬ߵ֮һƽ
ûзϻ΢Цֱʵ
ǰȿСӣСԸ⡣׸ֱӣ¾͵ͷӦ


11 ̫߾
ããã
˿Ц׵аʦɣ֮ҵͽˡ
׶û˵¿ͷеĳƺҲˣͽʦ𡣡
һ͵˵ͷ΢Ц׺⣬̾ϢһҼû뵽֮ǰյһλͽܣⰡ
ʦ״󾪣¶ޱ֮ɫ
ؾȣҲûҪΪͷӱˣһǧ꣬Ѿ֪ˣʦͽһμ棬ͷ˵˵ɡ
ʦ׹
䣬׶Լʦ˽˺ܶ࣬˽аƽǽ𽣶˶ļλϣΪﵽԪھأǿʼԴǱΪʥȴʥҪֲ
ֻǰƽϵʧܣӭޣǧ꣬ѾԪļޡ
ʹˣҲֲĻʯ֮һʵΪɲ⣬ǽ𽣶֮һ
ʦѵһγôѵû취ӳԪô
ʱĽѾλˣҪţܲܡ
֮ѾˣϷѾ֪㣬ҴСޱزȻ֪㡣ƽúƽǧ꣬ͿΪ֮ľȻ
ЦʦޱԪھأǶʿһҲ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ƽЦҡͷ˵ͽƽƽɲǫ뵱һ޽ʱǱΪ𽣶ޱĵӣͷӵںôֱʱͻȻϣһľ硣
ȻֲܿԼԭҲǱΪһˣЦˡ
˵ΪҲãҲգûʲô˵ģͽɲؽ⡣ƽοס
׵ȻһЦʦˣܷУǷǷ壬ʦһԶҲںʲô
ԶһҫǬͽԣϷİˡ
ƽЦЦ˵㵱Ƿôǿδأ֮һķ޵ĺһĺһԼܲ׽һ˿ҹб仯ƬƺҪĴ䡣
ֻϷΪ̫ǳ޷Ԥδ֮£һشֻĹʱڣʮǰŽ޵£򳼷ҵͽҲܰԾġ
ʧЦȤʦǷḻͽ䣬ʹδ䣬Ҳ֮һ
һĺһĵģһ쿹̫һиˡƽ̾һָͻȻһ㣬ָüġ
һƪƪķһǿսۻһи֣ջһʶС
𽣶˷Ҵ̫һŵġ̫߾ĵķνģļһҫϣϣͽܺúᡣ
ҲͬҵĵĹƽһֹڴˣͽĳɾͣ޿ɼ
׼ж˶мӣոʶʱͰ̫һķϤڣͬ졣
лʦ𡣡׳İл
ͲþˣҲһ죬ϽȥϢɡƽЦһ֣̫ɽˣɽҰҩȪҲûʲôôͽá
ЦˣòˣҲΪԴĶǣͽиˡ
װݱƽ߳éݡ
ȥ󣬰ƽЦЦͷӻţͽǲصĹĶǣͷ̫ɽ¾ͳ˱еˡ
̫ɽҹǳǳ·ͷƺһ̧־ժ׶һ˶ɽ䣬ȴЩӡ
ͻҪٻصֻһֿܣǾǳɡ
·Ʈ죬ϵвô˵ףƽҲ֪
ʧֻһԳһЦľŵÿҲûʲôãҵܶĿꡣ
޾Ѫǿߵ棬̼Ҳʺ
ڸתƬֻ̣ɺеΧ΢΢һЦ÷ʵɺף֪ųζΡ
飡
˶屻һֻɺȷɣڿй˼ȦأڨڨһתéϢȥˡ
ɺײȰɽޣȫǿǵģмͷɺ׿ɱ
£װĴ̫ɽϣƽо̫߾ŹžȲáҲĪ⣬ƽԽö
ͬʱƽĪͨӲǧ飬ĶЩʶʼԴǵ˽ĸΪ͸


12 
ƽȴζϰ񵭡ӵʵĺܿ죬ÿձˢѾʯ
̫ɽҩܶ࣬ȫһˣЩҩѾ˼ǧ꣬廹ܲסԵҩЧͨҩ֪˶٣ȫ塣
ƽףȻûƳʵƳʿɵĻʿҲδԼĶ֡
Ȼϵʿܹɱ
𽣶콫꣬Ҳȥ˵Զֱһļλ֡
Ȼ
ʲôһĽ
һеķ壬Ȼ̫ϳΪӣʵĪ٣ӶǳĽ
׵ıֺܸߣһЩŵĵҪһʦ棬𽣶ĺʥӶ
ĽĽҲûƽѵףȴûһ˸Ե̫ɽ
ƽͷųˣ޽䣬̫ɽһķףͶѾͷӦ˭б˼
̫ɽƽûʲôƽõ̫ϳҲֻ
˶֪ƽ޽Ըİʱ⣬˰һӣҲӦðȥ
̫ɽһӰ㻶Цʱ̫ɽ
ѾͷǰƳʵǣòԽˣ׶ЩĶ
Ը񵥴ǣŮÿһ˶ϲģҲ⡣

̫ɽɽһƺڵϣͷ㺹죬ŭס
ִ̫̬ҶƳˣô򲻹㡣Ĺĵ˵ü䷴ϲЦݣҲ֪ô£ױǿ̵ġ
˶ڷһսΪÿá̫߾ķˢĸĸߴۻ룬Ƴʿ
СѾͷֻҪ㵤ɵ˲ܴҲ
Ӹһö̵ͨĹӣ磬ѵõ̺Ũ
ЦҧһڣãǺöȽɽˡ
׾ЦˣҪǱʦˣǸжġ
ģִռұˣҲŲ㵱ء
׹ЦٵϷ䣬ͻȻɫ䣬Ҳɫɫ
һױȵȻ̫ɽʵҲûҳģԵޱȳغѹ֡
ʦ𣡡
״ʧɫ˲һ㳯Űƽסéݷȥ
үүˡҲоңȻǴӰƽɢģζ˵ڼٵʧ
ӺδδȥұһԪعأϷ򡭡ˡһϵ쳹أ಻
䣡
̫ɽһҡŨأ֪˶ǿߡ
ʦˣ
δɵƽéݣߺȻʹױ
үү
Ҳ棬éڣ׺޹ڵϣƽϣɫ꣬ȴް
䣡
𽣶죬޵̫ϳϣԼֱĵȫӸԵɽ
ৣ
ӰȻϢȻһޱǿĸо
⼸ǰƽļλʦֵܣ𽣶̫ϳǣ׹һԲӭδɡ
ʦһ·ߺã֮Ҿͻȥ㡣˵֮ͷ췢һòܲϡ
ʦֶ޷߳һϵҪͻƣһλŰƽʬ
ʦܣʦеôҲǸˡ
һλƽһĬȻվһԡ
ˢˢ
мӰ͵ˣȫֱӣһ֮
֮⣬ȫͷݣΪƽС
ʦܣҪ̫ѹˣʦߵúܰꡣߵǰ
׵ͷûж˵ʲô
ʱƽһƬ貵ǳʼֽ⣬ڶԪ𣬾Ȼһɽب̫ɽһ࣬ǧɸߣС
ԪʿڶԪֽ⣬еɢŻһɽ壬һԡ
ԪʿĵڶԪ񣬿һõıﶼڣɽ׶Ծһ޼۵ı⡣
ⱻΪ磬Եɺϵʿһ磬ӴƽƣХһ
Ҫ棬ֿʼˡ
ʹǽ𽣶ԼˣҲмλֱʿĿһЩ̰سűɽһۡ
Թۣ˵ıϤУͬʱ֮ģʦ䣬Լӵһɽֻ»ǿ졣


13 һ֮Լ
λ̫ϳϲûж̫ã˽ʱ󶼷׷ȥһɫӵؿһۣȴʲôû˵
⣡
ȻֱʦֵܵǱɽ£̫ɽлɽѾȫƿأȻɽɵסЩϹһôҷ
ʦܣһԸеТ£ڰʦˡ
ʾһ֮ĴݺȣǰƺΪӣʱĽʦܷǳȻûһ˿Υ͸С
лƽʦ֡׿
ʦ岻ţ곤̾ƺиҪҪʦ̫֮ɽͱ֮֪ƽʦֿɷѡµķ
˵֮һλˣɢһɵϢһۡ
ɫ΢䣬ɫȻƽ˵λʦֶˣʦǰѾѷְλң֪ʦԼλʦ壬ѵλʦ
һеķҲͼƿ̫ɽЦ˺Įмߵ
壬ôô˵ִǰүү״ӣ̫ɽķˣλ൱үүոͱˣ̫˺ˡȻ
˹ŹһЦСֶŮô˵Ҳܺġ
ߡ
һתͷȥ
ʦ˵̫ɽ֮λףСǸжܵķûʸ̫ɽϣƽʦ¿ǣһᡣ
ƻ⻰˵治ʦܲΣǰʦԸܴ۸ģЦױ
̸кøУΣһ䣬֮¡
˵ƻ֣ƽ֮λʧܺһֱģҪǽ𽣶һλ̫ϳϣ۵Ը˺֡
𽣶쿴һźʵϵһڽõʦֵܣƻҲС
мλֱʿڱʾײ̫ɽϣؿǣҪķ̫һǧĻҵ
ƽոţЩ˾Ϳʼ̫ɽ׸еĺͬʱҲһ˿ɱ
Щˣɱ
λʦΪҲ̫ɽΪһз壬ܸ̫ɽյķ٣С˵ûɣ
ƻЦ㵹֪֮һͼѳһɽǽ𽣶ĳ衣
ޣ˫¶ŭŭߺߵȻ뷨Ϊΰүүʱ㲻үүأ
һ԰ǻЦôʦһָͷ
ƻ򶨣û¶һ˿Σ˵ĳ߶ŰʦޣʲԸš
ʦ֣ԸСһԣӻƻĿ⾼ͣɫȻ
΢΢һЦʦܵ˵޷
С֪ûʸ̫ɽȻʦԸСܱء٩٩ԣ磺СܲλʦִһģСһ֮Ƴ֪λʦֿɷ飿
Ƴ
ƻЦעеķ壬ƳСӣԴ¿ˣ
ʦѵСܴģЦ˻ƻһۡ
ʲôҲҴģƻмһˣ׼ӡ
Ҿԡͱ˫֣˶ۣǾͰʦԣһ֮۶Դ
һ̫ɽʦУһ֮ʦܻδƳʱͻѡµķ
ƻĮȻĿɨӶ䵭ࣺܶѵʦܲƽ֮
ƻɫһһǿʦܲҡ
ͻˣĿϣ΢һüͷƽ˵ǾôɣҲ߰ɣʦԼһ
ʱȻ˵ƽʦ֣һм仰Ҫ˵
ţ
˫ۣʦΪǳûƿ̫ɽһʦͼȾָ̫ɽʦܿû赲
Ͱ̾С˼ݣԸأз壬ȻܳΪ𽣶Ķ
ʦܷģ໥ලŲ˭ð֮Ϊʦܣλʦֵܣ˵ô
ϱʾƵĿ⿴ƻʦܾûô޳ܡ
ƻĿ䣬ʲôû˵
ǺãʦܶϢˡ׵ļĿ⿴ԼŮ
㲻ô
Ӷۺ飬ؿףԸ׵Ļ·û
ʦǺѣǾʱһɡ̾һɳ̫ɽ
һȺĹ֮˷ɳ̫ɽĿһɱŷ


14 ɽһ
ʰƽһƽˮֻȼ·ѡ
װ˵ڱԱߣؿǰĴɽĬĬԡ
ִ磬Ҫ̫ѹˣүүߵĺ֮ܰ꣬ǰ㣬ǼΪ˵ġ
лл㡣
ִô˵ǰүүҲܺõģһȷʵܹ֣Ȼռ̫ɽ
ᵽƻСѾͷҲ¶֮飬˼ʵ뵽ϻ֮
۾ЦҲ֮飬̫ɽǱʦı缴ʹǣҲһЩģۺҲġ
Щģƾʲô
ʧЦʼǶԣҾһ޸֮ϣӵɽĴ󡣡
ִ磬İɣһף㡣սСȭͷ̹̹
ЦЦѾͷǵΪʲô˽֮ҪˣҲƽ֮λ
ִ磬ղ˵һ֮ƳŽ䣬ôʵ
ЦСѾͷ㲻ôʱΣֻô˵ܱס̫ɽ
ǡ
üԵúǣִ磬Ҷ伮ģԻĹԺ󣬴ûŽ䡣
ײںһЦܹҪ˴ƵģΣҲҪһԡ
ĿʣϲֲԸһ£ΨҶơ
ԼҲ֪ô£ǳϲ״һԼҲˣҪǱвԼҲǳŭ޲ɱ˶Է
ѵ˵ϲִֹһ䣬漴ߵ糺졣
Ҫִܴ䣬ǾͺʱҲֹҸִһ𡣡
٣ȴޱҲ֪ڸ׾Լһý𽣶ƽ֮Ůһз飿ȥͽЦ
ִ磬Щձ伮֪һ취ܴ䣬Σաҧ´ھǲҪƳİ취ףΪʵ̫ΣˣԲעͻٲ
׹һЦѾͷ˵İ취ǲ壬֮鵤Ƴ
ȻִҲ֪
΢ЦЩܶ࣬ǹŽļأ˽ļΪ͸
Ž壬Ĺǰ޵еʣȻش֮Ž壬ҪԭŽһмϲ㣬ԻĹźûκһɶŽ塣
Ž嵤Ӳʯ޷٣޷ƳûȪע޷Ϊǿߡ
Ψһİ취״壬þ׵ǿл鵤Ƴ䡣
صΰĪ⣬˵޽ʿҲͼֿףһͻٲ
˵ŽͱúΣһܴϱ޵ʣȻԪʥ״壬Ѱ·
ִ磬׻鵤̫Σˣ취ȡǲ취ɡ
ܵģ׼ըڵΪһϻҷһ˿ĿԶûС
װЦİѾͷзִ硣
ǲģ˼䣬ижҲܸоСѾͷԼĺøУֻϧѱ뾡취䣬ƿ
Ѿһ뷨ʱȻСѾͷԸһԼȥġ
ֱҹȥǰףҪա
СѾͷ
Ӱʧ΢΢һЦкⱩԾػʦƽéݡ
ɽŦéڣ˰ƽֻ֪֮ɽһĨɫâ𣬽Ž̫ɽ֣ʮɽȫ
̫ɽƣƺһ֮У𽣶ȫ˹ϵ
̫ɽġǰŴѾˣʦܻй鲻ȫ
ɽ壬һϽɫۣǧﳯ̫ɽȥоⱩ
䣬취ʦѾ֪ȴܴ䣬̫ɽվ֮ҲҪ׼ˡ
һۣҳ裬̫ɽ̫ˣҪһλ̫ɽڽ𽣶͸ˣƻʲô
֮⣬Ҳڹ̫ɽһ֮Լʱֻ̣ܶһ֮ƽˡ
̫ɽɽһ꣬һ֮Իصɽ󡣡ôݣ׵ʮɽÿһ˶С
ִ磡
֮ɫӹ뷿ڱӳճյ̫ɽִ磬ɲҪɵ°


15 ʥʦ
ҹշ˸̫ɽһƬס
׿ɽ̫֮ɽԽⷽķǿǰƽݡءݳһ󷨣һĥ̴Сִ֧תĵ
ԪϵʿǿĿǰܰȫһ֮ڲܵʲôš
ɽɫȻɽ䣬һһԲĺ
ˮףͷɺںеˣ
΢΢һЦȻ˵ʦ֣ʦ󡣡

ɲǼ䣬ͻȻͷɺױüæߣһаɴСľ޹ˮ档
޹۴ףޱȴҲǿѹȸУʱࡣ
Сү޹긡ˮض˵
ʦֲˣͬһţʦѰ㵱ӣһʦ֡
ԭ޹ǰƽǰιĳЩˡ
ǰƽɽżȻõһͷ֣Դ˾ʹιǧȥͷΪѾ춯أɲ⡣
ԪشΪʥΪڲ֮䣬ʿΪʥȻΪʥ
˽𽣶켸̫ϳ֮⣬Ҳ֪̫ɽȻһͷʥ
һͷʥ嶼Գ棬򣬶ͷȴԸ̫ɽ˰ƽһϰΪ֮üΪȻ
˶Ҷͬ죬ȻţҰҲᱳˣСʦܷġ
ͷǰƽ͵˫ƾΪʹƽδҲס
΢Цͷʦǰ˵ʦпܽϵֻǧһֱûгɽͶĸ򣬲֪ʦǷԸɽһ⣿
ӴںϣԲʵСʦ뿪̫ɽô
Ҳ
ҡͷЦڰҲʲôɽԺҪԼ̹˵
ʦҲ֪Ž壬Уʦȴƴһƴܷ䡣
󾪣ʦþը˷̫գҲա
һת϶Ȼɢһ˿ޱ޼ʵɭȻСʦܲصģ̫ɽҵҪ˭Ұռǵļҡ
ʦֵʵȻģκ䣬ƾʲôҾͲУƫҪһԡ
쿹ʦܺǡ޵
΢΢һЦ˵ʦѾ˰취ֻҪѰһ壬һʯҲ޷ѣʱըҲû֮ݡ
ͷɻȥѰѨŷǴɽ֮бѨȻʹԪʥҲ𽣶ںδѵʦܻ£
ЦЦͷʾԡ
ڽ𽣶Ϳһ
𽣶༸ʮʮɽһһҪṩԴԴϵûôܡ
һ𽣶ʱ׾ԼһﳤĺӰѹڽ𽣷Ǿǽ𽣶ΪṩԼػ𽣶¡
Ϊˣ׻ڰԸ̫̾СˣȺɽһҲô࣬ġѰۡûʲôôʼԴǾͲͬˡ
ʼԴޱ޼ʣ֪ȻҲܶ࣬Ѱ۾֮ء
ƿ뵽һƲߣϴװԼһʯ׶޷
ΨŽܳ壬ͨʱһ壬ɲǼͱˡ
ϴ壬ը
׵ļƲߣΣգֻһ취
ȻСʦִˣҲˣСʦܼ࣬һܴġ
̬ȼҲˣаŷԼţһʲôΣ״Ӧһ¡
ʦ׼ʱʵ
Цʱ䲻࣬Ǿͳɣ֮ǰҲҪһֵı
ҲЦˣ˱ӦвٱȻأҲΪʦܡ
׵ͷʵʦֿҪô
ҡͷЦһΪκ˫־ҵıҪκ˱ڻм̳þƣСʦܵǿ԰
á
װݱеǷ࣬аһ·㣬ɽѰͰȫöˡ
ȻǿܴһͷʥĸֱȻ֮١
磬ԪʿΨһĶҲǺܶʿıɽ
еԪʿսıϾͳΪǿı
ƽΪ𽣶̫ϳϣʹٺᣬҲӦһЩ
ЩڶС


16 ҹ̽
װݱƵ̫ɽһ࣬ʦƽı羲ͨɢĪ
ÿһԪʿıȻǱڽأʲôʿ׻ñԲעͻǿĽƺɱҡ
ЩȻãƽΪԼͽ̺˺·һξѪڱɽŹâһõĴŻ򿪡
ʦһȻбҲޣڼһöָʦıӦаɡ
ҲԼʦһɽ˵ҪͿЦˡ
ǵõĴŻȥŴźȻ£ܾͻȻһ䣬͵һѣУٻعʱסˡ
ⱦھȻԳһƬ磬վһ֮ϣдУ޵ӰʱС
һƬŰɫˮʱһ˻
ʦΪȻͨ쳹أڶԪѾ޳һ磬Ȼûݻǳȴƾ˸飬Ǵʥ۷ǿߣҲ֪ʱܴﵽ
ƽȻ죬ûжϾѰۡܿȥˡ
ԭںһʮﳤȲȴҲ̺ޱŨάСС
Ȼһľȫȥһı磬ڵķɡ
ȻʦǰľӪС磬Ϊͽػ˵أȻ
аţ䲻ĺȻҵһɻذϢӺױ
Сǰƽͽܰɣһ׺Ӻ״죬ء
䣡
һ׺׵ĸߴӰԺ׷ɳͷ˫ţ۴ףͨīɫ˫ĿµĹâ
һͷ
װȻͷ׶ĴﵮǱƽĪͨ֪ˡ
ҽףʦƽͽܡɫ䣬Ȼ壬вʱ
ǰƽѾľѪͨ˱磬ڰƽ죬ĹֻϿףһ䣬˲𣬼ǰĴҲѡ
˵ǱȻֻ޽СʿҲ޵еġ
ףѪǿûƿʵҲСӣ϶ǰһͽܡ
Ӻ׷ɳĴͬСɣѾԪһأҲʥһΪҲϸǿߣȴ֪ԭڴˡ
Сұ϶һǧ꣬Ҳ÷ҳȥ˰գɵ׺ףơ
ЦЦҡͷ˵ѵҪǰϣǱˣӦýһСүŶԡ
ߣ
׺һ˫׹Ⱪױȵأ·һŭܳ磬طʵ
֪ⶼǼԪⷽصĹûԼͬ⣬޷߳
ǰˣɱôôҿˣɱңҲҪ״Цڷ٣ǳǡ
ģǻһ޽Сʿ衣һһ׺ܲð
ײΪ΢Цʵǰһǧ꣬ԭأ˵һʱͻȥء
ҳȥ㲻ҳȥ֮һ㣿ۿףЦ
΢Цһλʦ֣һĿǰԪ죬˭˭
ͷ󾪣ŵͷСꣿģѾԪˣǱ̬
ְ̾Ϣһ䣺֪ҲðݰͷΪʦϧӵΪء
ȻͷͷԲСԪ񱻱ѹƣԪһ죬ҪǷųȥֻ²ͻɳΪͬȵľˡ
СƨҲ㣬ҳʵԶϬţһһǧǰʵҫ۵֮һ
ƲƲ죬ÿɷ
ģӿûп̸ֻǵһķ߻ħɱ˲ʿкˣҲлˣûпסԣЩʳһǳأ󱻰ͷһսӰһУͱ϶һǧ꣬Ǳ
ͷƺþû˵ˣӣһЩϤ˵
ײΪȻʦǰûзȥ˵ħԻûгױȻˣҲȥ
ŭʲôʱҳȥһǧҪʵû׼ܳˡ
һ֣ĲɵԺ˵ɣҽֲģԹԵػغȥɡ
ġ
ԶϬţŭ֣䲻һ޿ƥеһֻ֣ݺĽס
ǱͷԪս½˳ɣԶǱĶ֡
ɶǿɶ񣡡
ˮ¡¡죬ŭӺ״СֻҪԪ죬һٺͷı磬ʱӻ㡣
׳ŸĵشȥĻһ䣺ɣҾͲˡ


17 ֲĺ̨
û뵽ģʦĵĲġûŭ𣬳Ÿķȥ
̫ɽ֮ǰȻֻһˣʵСǽ𽣶ֲ֮һ
ʥ꣬ʥһԶϬţϱΪﵽԪİƽԺɨ𽣶졣
Ȼƽ죬ȻλҪ۸̫һҪѪĴۡ
һ·ŸķȥԶԶؾͿһéݴСģǧǷ޻ޣҿ
ΪéݲǰƽűĵطҲǱĹڣͷʥһĴҲҿ
״ӿн䣬ɫŹֵضŲԶéݣ૵ʦģǧʧֻҪķͿˡ
éܹ⻬羵ǳİײܱţ׾ٵŽ롣
Ӵ
߽éݣĿһЦ
éݲȴмʮ䲢Լ߸ߡ
ļ䱻ɫӡû㹻Ϊ򲻿Ŀⶢ༸ֻ䡣
ĿȣٺֱЦ򿪵һ䣬ʱɣӡ
ԼȭͷС谲ɢ貵Ĺâޱ޾ɲǼ硣
裬޼֮ȭͷСһʿС磬׶ԣ軹ԶԶ
óһ裬Ǻñ䣬ִһֻӣֻмöָÿһöָ˵һöָаռ䣬װһС
óһöСĴָҪʲôͿ״򿪣ָڿռޣҡ
öεɫָϣװ̾һʦȻ̫ԣ㱦Ҳֵ÷ڱڡ

ִһֻӣֻǰ˸ƺһ֮һɽĺϢ
ұóұɣһǧʮǰżȻ֮һ࣬һСֽ񵶵
УֻޱȳأŰɫһƵ̺ܲǿ
Ǻõȴʹãŷ߻ȡ赹ǲ׽ұڴָڡ
ʣ»ܴ򿪵ļڱ䣬ûȥΪޣʹװ޼۵Ҳûʹá
é˳ٴηɵϿգЦϬţϹ֣Ӧ㣬ʮ֮ڱض㰲ɡ
С
ףʮҾܽʥ죬ʱҲѹһǧ꣬㳢ζ
Ǹ£޻˵ײÿɷһЦһ˳硣
٣Сӵ˼ģȴǲеķ壬ͷôһͽʲô˼
˳֮ͷӺ׷ɳڿУ޾ɢ䣬ѹڵϲҶ
ͷ˫̧֣ͷűϿգЦһû뵽ʵڴһǧ꣬ȴҪлͷ
ͷñĥҵħԣָԸڡ̫߾ȻҵΪʥһ죬Ȼһ߳꣬Ҿܳϵˡ
ٶȣʹҸҲЩɰֵǣְӣҿһֱǵõġ

˳磬ѾȥʱѾˣһͷ޴ſһԴ˯
ʦ֡æʺ
ҹûΪɣɫâһΣһòͨ꺺ӡ
ҹӣһ漴ͷϬţʵĻӣʦǴġ
ʵĴ̣ĹҲУڴƣʵɲ⣬˲֪ĵ̡
಻ѣԼʦƵᣬʵӴ죬ʵĻӶѵʵ֮ŭ
΢΢һЦԸȣƽΪƣ̬£ȻܵƽܴӰ졣
ҹӣʴδز֪ʴΪͨ쳹أͽϵס飿
׵ͷΪȻ
Ԫ˱̬ϵôԼ붼롣
ҹʵʥ䡮ֻ߻ħȣֻˡ
һǧ꣬ҲĥħԣΪãʴ֪ܲ
˵ʵǷһ飬Сʦܴɲκˣ˭붯̫һҪһǷʸ񡣡
˵ģȴһɰʥĴȻ޾κˡ
ЦˣҼʹһз壬Ҳû˸Ҷҿ
ʧЦͷȻСʦܿƳ䣬ʲôһ֮Լ


18 
׵ͷȻ˽⵽̫һʵѾ׷ſġ

ɷһĭһ״Ը֮Ǳô˿кܲˬ
һʱ䣬˳ƿӶˡ
ʦ֣ʹЩûʵӶ̫һһһԣҼһλΰ˵һ仰춷ȲλΰˣҲһ
΢΢һЦƵᣬȴһźͰ
¶֮ɫʦܰȻ̫һз˹Ȼûմͽܡ
û̫ɽ̫ã״ƺһ鼮ҵһͼͼϸע˴ꡣ
ڼǰʹõ鴫̨䶼Ǹ߼ҲܴͰϡ
СʦܣǵһվȥӵҲֻ̫࣬Ϊ˱ײųɽ
ǡ
ָָͼϵһڵ㣬ЦһǣΧһƬɽҲӦûġ
ͷ˵ʦܣҲ˴򽻵ƽĴָչأΣʱҡ
ûзͷʦˡ
Ǻǣ¡ЦЦһָڡ
İٱаλʥѰٲΣա
ҲˣͷǲỽѰģһսҲʵİ취
ǫ́׽رע꣬õģһϸ΢Ĳʿٲ
˵һλԪʿҪȥԳΪͨ죬Ҳûϸֱ̨ӱ͵֮һϿȣϿȵһͷһʳ
֮˼飬ȷſ̨һŲȽȥ˲Ϣʮ
ǺӾȻĳȥˣѵаմôؼ䣬ŽѵҪô
ɽصǧңǳȵҽʹʿҲ粽У̼䱻ȵû
ȻҽУȻһλˣ˳Ƥ̬ΪϣƺʱҪȥ
ôһƴĺˣôҽţ֪˶ٴ
ƽǺÿϧˣҪһ˿Բʲô¡
ҵҲˣ֪ά𽣶꣬ΣʦɣһҪȥ
˵ԪŽȫǱһӳ꣬ϣǺӲҪʧǷܳߵľ磬ϣȫˡ
ϵĽεȫ³Ǳҽغһ˿

ˢ
һģ֣ǵĳ⣬Ŵڻ߳һ꣬࣬ڷ١
Χջʿ٣˼ֲ֣ΪƽĶǮ򵽡
̧ͷȥϵĳǳѾǧˣǽ߲ĪĹ󣬸аɣ档
ĳǳܶ࣬ľ޴ǳأۿɼֹż
ϷһƬ಻ϵɽȲý𽣶ʮȴҲСģɽȻܵ
ûмȥɽѰǻ߽ǣһķĻ
ʼԴȻһǿΪĵطһζ̫ѣһįˡ
ǺǷﲻٲȻһйŴǳصģģȴúܶ࣬ǳа˿ڣҲ˿ڼ볬ڡ
һƬ̫ƽʢǹŸԣӦú㡣
һ¥˼С˺һơ
ʱ˲ٽҶӣҶӶʿԲֵǮͨҲֵǡ
λǳǰɣǿǷԲĳǳˣⶼĴ˵ľӪɽ޶ҿء
СžƲ׵ĸ̾Ц˵ֱͣѳĽ˵ɹӢˡ
ǣһʳȽ𽣶컹Ҫϣ꣬̽ڻĹҡ
ڣĳǳأа˵۶ǹޱߣǧ˿ڡ
׳žƲˣ飬ڣȻľܷϡ̫߾žתȫѪ䱻ȴҲʿоѰ

ͻȻһһȺʿӰж䣬ȫͬķΣֱߵһ¥ڡ
׾鷢ˣʱڣһԽһԵʿǣˣ¥˲䱬


19 ǿ
һȺȺʿǣҲʮЩΪձ鲻ߣ޽Ҳһǻʿڵʿ٣ëǣͱȽϴˡ
ԪʿһûԪʿΪʥĸֵȷ¶档
ʮǣ˵ؿ϶˾ʣ򲻻ôʿ
ĬĬţͬʱѲߵʿҲȫɫףѪȻ޽
ǵʵȻһ㡣̾һתͷ߽¥һȺʿһۡ
Ⱥʿȫˣ߰ˣȫ۸ڶɫȻȴüͷ΢΢һЩ̫ߵˣ̫Ŀˡ
Ҫ֪ЩΪߵҲ죬˵򣬾Ҳ㲻ʲô
Ǻ֮ΪƳŽ֮ﵽϳͷ­ɣлԪ
ʵߵǻ죬ʿУ㲻ʲô֡
¥ǰˣλ뺣һ걧ȭһЦ̬ܸ߰һӾһſϡ
ÿ˿Էֵһӣ뿪һλƣͷغһ䡣
ԷĴͨգżмʿҲСʿЩҲͻȫæȥ
ͨȴܸˣװ׼һӣĺº޲У׷һӣһ¥ſȸֻһ˶Կơ
ţ
˼˶׷뿪ȫ¶Цݣ䲻һ꾹Ȼûߣɫȫ
Сӣѵ˻ôӸϽһȥﰭְšһ˳ںȵ
׳ţÿӼһ⣬ζŽƱһڡ
ߣ
ɫޱй⻪ת󲽳ȥ
ҲȥæӳȥЩΨһĻʿ˵
ǡ
˳ȥȫƿʿصҪһ޽ࡣ
ģ浱ӲҴô߹ȥЦһָ絶ݺ׵Ĳӡ

׺ಽ㿪һУȻһƳڶԷϣڵϣ¥ҵĲһ¡
ûʵôƿҲֳκײͨ޽ʿһȥǧ˾Ѱƿʿѵֵ

ŭȫ˹⻪תķɳ׽ɱȥ
ߣ
ħһ㣬˷һȭ⣬ȫԡڽɫâУۻޱȡ
ٶȺܿ죬һֻ½һ˳ɣһתȺɨ߳Զ
̳ܲ¥һȫ˸Ѫ糱Ŀɨˡ
˻
˶һû뵽ԷһѿеĹͷ޽ѣսôǿգۼʹˡ
׳ֺأǻԵ˶ǳѪ߹ǲ֪˶ٸҪʿǿˡ
ڵʱ׶Դ˾ͺ飬ûзȵУʲôαĴȱ
û뵽ҵ͹㣬޽ս֪źɣ
ǻüͷһӢ¶һ˿֮ɫҲߵ塣
׷ǳǿƣЦһɢ޶ѣɣҲùһȺСˡ
Ϊ츳ļô̫ˡǻϲɱǰһ
䣡
һɾ޴ѹɽɨ
죬Ѿǳ֮ȫ̺ױȵڷǰѾ½ɡ
˿壬ȫڣѪͷɢȥֱʮɸߡ
ڷ˻˼²еľоⱩۻսɨһС
ΪڴģҲһԣԼʵжǿǷܸż粫ɱˡ
ҳǿûǿزһ֪ʲôࡣ
ɫһ䣬Ц¶ɱһӣٵǳ֮۳ɵĳì˺˿նɱס
𣡡
״𣬷·ɽӣ¥˲֮ڳ֮Ѿûˡ
ʿԶԶЩͨʿɵ˿УӸµعս˿Ļ꼰Լ
üĶ˽⣬һɾ޴Σļ䣬һĳ޹
ѪҺŽ׽׶εͳ¶£²ɵ


20 
սѪڣڷ裬̰˻ģɨϵơ
һĳҵƿӲЩìƺƵľǵأЩìȫ顣
겻򵥣޽սôǿһ̤ижô̬
Ѫһ㣬Ѱ˾ƣѲһ硣
ʣഫмɳ츳ĵӣѲĳ̵粻ɣ
ͨ綼ûô̬治֪ĸɵĵӣȻ̬ز
۷׷ףĿ⾪ɲؿףϾ׵ı̫죬ȸʥӵʱڡ
ǻɫޱԷʵһѿеĹͷ
㵽һɵĵӣδ䣬һȥ
󿪴ϣ²ɵȭӿһǰȭӰɽסꡣ

۹һԷȻ˲֪ˣҲɱǳ֮ŵлһ˳ìХһ״ȥ
˿壬Ѫȣһȭǳìȥȭ볤ìײһ𣬱һ𻨣ǳ֮Ҳ׵´ƣǧٿס
Էߣһתٶޱȣìҽһݺ׺󱳡
׵ĺ󱳱̳һ۴С˿ڣ˿˿Ѫȴζ
ʱѾ֪ԼǿޱȣӲǳ֮Ƹʢ
΢΢һûϵԼȫһȻûɱԷɲǣһϡ
һɽأǻʿҲֵס˲Ѫӿӿ
һƼʣʿȷǳ֮ת֮£ۿɼٶȻָš
սεȷḻĻϢᣬʯٴγ֣޴ݺݴڶԷϡ
ۣ
춼Ѫ飬ֱӱʮԶȥ
ҺÿһضÿһͨôĶֶҪɷˡ
Ϊʿ磬ǳе飬һЩС֮⣬һȽϴĳǳضܼ̣Ծסһս
һ΢紵׽õϰ·Ʈߣͭɫ屻һգԡ
Ž²ɵ⻹޽һ̤УǾ޵еʣ֮ɶɱ
˶о˼飬̫̾ͣС
㡭ôĵӣȻǡ쵶šҲǣ˭ҲȲˣոմĿҽһλϵӡ
ʣµЩɫȫ䣬£һиСȥȫޱη忴ס
мǺݺݶףһö񶾵Ŀⶢȵ
룡
Цһƾȹȥǿƾֱȷˣھ¥ķв֪
̫ǿˣ֪ԷԱź󻹸ҳ֣治쵶ŵıô
˷ޣ쵶ȻǽڻĹҵĴ֮һУĹҵʥһ㣬ָĸ̵ţ˻Ầ±
ô˵̫ˣ޽޵УԻܻʿս졣
ʱһ󼱴ٵĺŽԶһܲԶÿ˵·
һȺеʿϵΪ׵һ佡˶꣬ȻΪǳȻΪƪ֪ˣһ۾ܿǻʿ
Ǻ֮ĻڷΪ죬ζŽֻ֮Ѿ̤뻯죬ﵽ硣
ʿ׻Ƕֻ֣¶ԷһȫҪѣǿӲҲãΪ̫
ɫеɫǿ˼Ե꣬ȻĿⶢסס
ţ
ͫһҲеܾȡ
޽ȻܴܻʿֱţͬʱҲ˵ǰ겻򵥣ܲʴ
ʲô£ǽֹսǺôĵӡһޱѹɢ
쵶༸ȫηվһԣ֧֧ز˵塣
˻Ȼһ죬ȻӴѪԻʿ˿塣
΢΢֣òҿ˵ΥǹأЩ޹ʰռһ¥ָʹҲҸϳȥһԲϾʹλˡ
üͷʵʲôʿ˭ǲǱֱ䣬ָʹ϶ˣԼҲ϶ˡ
µΪֹѾӵҲ֪λֻϣλƽͶȹһմȥɽһϸ¡
꽫Ҳǰ֮ˣκС£ɵҲ֪˶ǣûҪС
ߣ˭쵶ŵĵӶҪۣ±Ҫһ
ʱԶͻȻһӴ˶Ĥ顣


21 
ڣɵӣȻΪߣӦǵһǰ̽ġ
һڿը죬紺һ㣬ɫ䣬Զȥ
ҲüͷܸоһޱǿϢǶԽڣʿеƺֶΡ
һˣīɫĳһ޴սϣĮ顣
˵ʱǧ֮⣬δ䣬ѾɵǵĿУˡ
ʦ֣ҪΪʦֶ˴ûȥǲ쵶ŷ
쵶ŵĵ϶ͦñֱһȿֺش󺰣ƵĿס
ɫȻɫ䡣
ڣ꣬ˡе꽫Ҳһüͷ˵
νһЦͽģзִ硣
ߣ
һƺӿдȻһ۳һս״ɱס
ǿѾǳֲ̺֮һȭܴһɽͷ
һ֮Ҳʮܽͨʿ𣬷ǡ
ѣǣ̫ˡ꽫ɫ䣬һеĳһѤĽӭȥ
٣â䣬ȴֻսͣƬ̣޴ķ꽫һ˺ʮ
ǿ֣
꽫һ˿ѪҲŭһɫǵس׿һۡ
ǵâԵֵģȻԼס߷µҲܿ¡
ɫأһȫѪҺڣһ㣬ȫ⣬ս
߶ȫһȭȭ죬ɫâĿ˶
ɽХȭ븩ĵâײһ𣬶ʱһɻɬޱȵϣʱɳȥ
ȫԡѪͷ֪˶ٸƤѣ塣
ʲô
ӣ¶֮ɫûϵ꾹ȻסһУȭͷʿһ
ȻѾһϢƺʱ
ȡȡ
׵ɳȥﲻѪһ˿ƽɫһܵô˺һҪ
ؼʱ̣ɾƪЧ
һööɫڵ̺ĪתķķȻǿ̫ȴҲ΢֪
ڸϣѪҲ飬һХ˱ɫâȫ֡
֮Ϣߣƣ̼һ롣
ܴ̫أȻɾƪķҲȫɥʧսӶˡ
һ˽ףڵϣȫѪǿվѱ
Ȼûǿķ
꾿ʦҪһ·ɳȻ޵£Ķ֡мʶʿ
ĳ̵δʥӣ쵶ѵҪ̿սɣôɱ̵磿
һܣ߿е۾һУɫ
ԭΪԼһɱ꣬ûϵԷ쵽ز޽סǿһδȥ𶯡
۾һУȻδ󽫻쵶Ŵ鷳
׼һʱޱǿϢشһˡ
ǵĸҪˣԭ쵶ŵһպ쵶ŵĺʥ֮һ
ԭڰɽһնɱͷޣսˣֲ˰Ե
ĴǣǿƣҲв쵶ŵʿЦ
䣡
Ԩ纣Ϣ֣ɫӰӳɳһһߣγɼл֮ơ
Ŷԭǳصλȫھ磬ʵС
Щ̶ԣǵȷСȻȴʿ򣬻һλĪĳ
ԣǵĳҲʥԪʿ
ǣأҪɱˣ̫ˡһλĮ˵
۾ٴУÿһԼֲˡ
Ҳ쵶ŵĺʥӣǺ㣬ͬЦ쵶۾꣬κҪôΪ޻˵һսѡ
쵶Ҳʹȥǲ׷£˭ҲȲ㡣
ߣ
üɷأ֣䲻˶дһºʦ֣סְɣλҲذɣұ֤ٳʲôˡ


22 ˫ʥ
Ʈ첻ȴ˷ǳůĸоޱߵɷڻƺһ˿̻֮
ɫ΢䣬ùŹսվսԽʧǣʥӡ
һʥӣɫȫ
ʱһɫӰӱͷɵǰУһӣӢ޳һϮɫɣŷǷ繫Ӹһ㡣
ʥӡͬ쵶ĵӣ
ûɣ쵶žȻ˴ǵʥӾȻٴ˵أǵĳҲûĵλ硣
˫ҫ۵֮һ쵶ŵϣ˵ڳˣźĶߣڰ޵һеٮٮߡ
޵򣿴ɣĹĸʥӶǵʥͬɱд̵ĵߡ
Ҳ΢΢һ̫ɽ˽˺֪ܶʶҲ˵˫ˣʮѣڣһ֮ǰԪ쵶ȫĵӡ
ÿһ̵ʥӵλ磬Ϊⶼһεƽ̣˫ʳĵӣ쵶Ÿʧһ˫һٴԻ͡
˫ĵɵĵӶ裬ǵһʿ䲻֪ɽ£˿Ҳܲ³Ȼоıʣ˫Ҳڴˡ
˫棬ں˵ʲôº͵һЦλذɣұ֤ٳʲôӡ
ǵҲ˫ʥӴɵ棬򲻵Ѳ˵
˵ԭҲʲô˵飬סֲԳ϶ѣЧѾﵽûҪǿӲˡ
Ȼ๫ӿڣҵֵȻŷǡ΢΢ȭ˲뿪
вʣʥӣѵôôʲôҲ쵶š
˫΢ЦһۣЦѵʦҪָô
һǱº͵Ŀסˣæ˵ʥӲҪᣬҾǸͷ
˫ЦЦӿл䣬ܻһɹĻɢ
˫ʥӣȻҲʿ޵
ʼղȥɫҲй仯ʹ쵶ŵʥ٣ʼյȻ
ȣ˵ͷޣ޽ֵܵǿһţʮ㡣
˫˫׿˼ۣһ˶ſȫëǳڡ
֣֮ҼСʦˣҴǸϣֲҪ黳
˫˵ĺܳϿңֳ㹻⡣
ԴɾƪУԼԼоλʥӲô򵥣·̺һϢаǿ
˫ʥӿˣҲСǼ֮ˣ㼸λʦҲܵ˽ѵΣֲЦˣ˵Ҳ򲻹Ǳݼô䣬Ц棬˫Ͽҡ
˫ЦúܺƣȴϵҡͷּȻ黳ˣĳҪһˣʹҵļλСʦˣҲڱ˰ɣλδⲻɷ
˻һɫˣѵ˫ԸưոôҪ붯֣û
΢΢۾ɫ糣΢Цʵǲ֪˫ʥ˽£
µǸһ˫˫֣˵
ɫˣȻȻ壬һ绢ƱЦĳأĸʦʲôҲ¹򡣡

ܻȻֱ˫Ҳ֪޿֣ǲ֪ôдġ
˫һЦһܺãξһ
˫¹죬ÿÿľ˲ۼҪʬͷ˫ʥӾȻ׷Ź
ӣ
Ƿӣ
˰ֹ˫һӣҲһӣѵŶ
ʿűɢˣϷѾˣûʲôɿˡ
ڡɫĮȻתߡ
תɲǣаһģ
׿ɲΪ˫ǳʲôģǶԷûԼ£һֻϣʱڶԷƿС
ָоܲˬ׷ǳУһ¸ӼᶨҪƳͷֻҪ䣬Ϊ϶ʱʲôʥӣһɸſ¡
״ȥ˫һ˿âϢ˫תǿѹȥ


23 ɽ
Ѫͻ
뿪δȥκοջȥһͨռҽסһ죬һƬҶӽסһƽ˷ܵļҪ
ںܸӣ̶˵ӣԼһʿһЩܣƺɽ˾ʣڶ̷ӿƺҪ챦Ҫ
ģǻҵļƻ׶һڣüͷ
ԭǰɽѰϴû뵽ıʡ
ҪؽɽͲˣɱҪʿҺڿ϶иǰ
֪ʲô챦򼸴ɶˣĹһûжӦûڹ
ԽԽפǣһЩСҲˣҪˮ㣬һ
𽣶ΪĴ֮һ϶Ҳˣֻϧڽ𽣶첻ܴȻǿԻм䡣
һĿ磬ٵȥǰɽҪ裬ʲô챦ȫڿ֮ڡ
£ٲ£תɾƪصʼˡ
һսܴأǿ߲һЩ壬ʵ̫ˡ
û٣Ķ־ȻŹǣӦý߾ȫԼǿ
תɫâ䷿ӣ˲֮ʿеľ硣
ĸоı仯ٴλصڣһŽ⣬һᴩ
ĵﷺ˿˿γһƬɫеİ˶ڲ޸ţٴǿ١
һ֮ǳɾƪһ¥ʵҲ˳Ľ
ȻƿԶúܣǿܶ࣬Ӽ̣᲻ɴݡ
ƣԽԽǿҲӵļ̣ƿԽˡ
ֱҹ׻۾Ŀ⣬˸Žɫƽսһ㡣
ѪŻָ糣˿ȫǰδеıǿ
²˳٣Щ˻˼ûȥɽȥ˵ײٵ飬߳ããҹɫڲȫϢԶɽȥ

ʥӡ
һҾ¥Ѿ쵶Ű£˫Ҳɧš
ţ
˫ķڣ̬
ʦ֣ȥһǸ鵽ô˫˫֣ԡ¹£Եޱʥࡣ
ʥӣһǰڰɽһСУߵǽ𽣶Сش
ร
˫ЦЦԭǽ𽣶ĵӣɵһӣҹŷϴӻѹ
еŷϴǽ𽣶ʥӣҲСͽܣͬ˫һһٮٮߡ
ҡͷһЦ˵ʥӵǹˣףŷϴκ鷳ΪŽ壬˵ез塣
Ž壿˫ͷĿ磬һǿϢһţͷ亹
ǵģѾõ׼ȷϢȷŽ壬ڽ𽣶챲ֺܸߣǽ𽣶ո̫ϳϰƽ״ӣҲ̫һķʵ𽣶첢Ͽɡ
˫̾ϢһЩźȻŽ壬̫ϧˣ겻ʻԶ޿ޣԭΪһλǿľ֣ԭҲһϰˡ
Цû˵ʲô
ţȥϢɣŵȥɽ۲һ£λʦ⼸վͻ
˫۾Ǽ¶һ˿Цݣǿߵı磬ֵһġ
󺧣˳䣬ֱ֪Ϊɻ˴ɽԭΪǿߵı磡
κһǿߣǾܣǵıڵж챦˭֪
Ž壿Ĺŵ޵ʣôѵֻз壿
ȥ˫֪Щʲô

ˢ
һӰǷɳϷɽȥٶȼ죬գۼͷɳʮ
ȻոɽϿգ͸оһصסɽǳǿʹӿн䣬صϡ
ģô£׾ɲ
ûʵУԼо˵һ޽ʿԪʿҲƬɽС
ȻйŹ֣ûʸЩ챦ȹ۲İɣ


24 ɱ
һΡɽǳ棬ݹɽѩ겻
ɽľï
˸Ѿ죬ɽԵúǰƺһ˿µϢңң
ײ֪ﵽ׷ʲôʣôǰԿ϶ɽȻرһ챦ôˡ
ˣ
׵˫۷֮ѰʩչɫâѰɽ

Ƭ̣׾Ϳλɽƫһ޴ĺӰȺɽиԼмʮﳤ
ʼԴ࣬Ҫмʮʮ裬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ջѰۣ෢ɬ۾һͷɽڣյľ¹ȫסһƬǳĿֲ
ɫ糣̤ںʵĵϣһ·ǰš
ɽ̫ˣ˷Уƾ·Ҫɽһʱ顣
֪䣬Ѿˣʱļٱܣɫû˿Ĳʡ
һ·ϲǳͨ裬Ϯһͷ쵾޻ʵΪǿһ·ܱɽƬֵѰڶʿͷϻҲֻޡ
ҲǷСʱŻͷͻȻϢʱż·
ɫʱ׺Ȼͣ½ŲȻ
Ϊߴ޵˻ͬʱһս죬ɽܣʿפȻ޵Ϯһսݱ
ɵʿѾˣұҪץʱ䣬ָҪʲôʡ
üͷһھʱѪӿɫѪһ㸲ȫ
ԭʼɭмٱһ㣬ķʻȥ
ʱɫķ֣ʿķȻһҲǱǱ߶ȥ
ģǻ
ͷձɹѾ߳һƬԭʼɭ֣ڳȵɽʯϣ׼Խһɽ
ʱ˵һʿһʿ죬ĿⲻƵض
ײ壬ΪּʹǸҲԣʵӦ
Сӣʦкεأ޽͸Ҷһɽȵ㣬浱Լ繷һƿʿŽе
û׼ƹȥһɽھƺУԸǷǡ
ӴûصӵĻңǷǰɣ٬Χסס
Ϊ׵΢΢һüͷȴҲûֹһ޽ΪǣһǵһˣָĸСɵĵӡ
Զ㡣ȵ
ģС̫ˣֵǷĽΧ˹ȫЦš

׵ɫѪһڱХһֳצԼצģݺץסһꡣ
ǰƽڵһսŻǽ𽣶һźͨսһӶ
ɫ䣬ûϵ׸ȶ֣ȫŭһֹ
׳ֺأһ߷һˣȻһצһ˵߹ʮ
ЩĶ֣ͷŨ֮һȥһ˵أҲзϡ
ԣһ־Ͳ˵ɽʿƼٲһȷѪ꣬ɱ˲ʲô
ߣ
ͻȻ䣬Ц֣һֻ˶Ʊգѹȥ
죬ҲУ
ԽսԽ£һХɽͬһƻֻƶײһ𣬵ʱѣмʮɡ
ʲô
˴ʧɫֻоһױȵϮɽ˶ʱɳȥȫѪ˲һ롣
Ŀ׼Ź⼸ˣٴγ֣ǽЩſˣȻƻһ㣬סˡ
ͷʱ֪˿ֲҲ֪˺ݲˡ
޽ܴԼ˲õţĳ̵δʥӡ
뵽Ǵ÷з飬ɫ䣬ֽеӲһеꣿ
׺ڷ裬ϻ̫ˡ
䣡
һצȥ޴ͷſھ´ˡ
죡
ŻһʽѪʢǿսãܷӳսĹ
ۣ
ؿѿһ󶴣ȫѪӿĿޱȾúݡ
ͷҲתߣɽɱ˼ûʲô
ǿ߻ŵ磬棬ٵʴֻᶪԼǶġ


25 ɫˮ
ɽһƬɱ֮
ԽԽʿӿ˽ҸֿʼƼǻʿڣʿҲԽԽࡣ
ɱѪȾɽ̶ʱ䣬Ҳǧ
׾鲻̫ͷô˸ɾȻǳ򶨣ûɳĸ֣һʥûг֡
Ҫ˵ĥһ϶кܶطĥʿɽʡ
ﷴһƬսսѪһƬɺ֮
׼ԼĽŲһ·ȥɱҲϮɱս
սսԹŶΪð취׽ɫѪԽʢŻʹõޱ죬ʩչǰ
ڵΪʿ·һȴԵֵʿȫһ
ԽǿҲ֮䣬Խļ̣ҵڵһĨɫҲ˶
һĨɫȫһƬɫڵԱߣֻжָСʶ͸ȥȴ·𿴵ޱ޼ʵĽɫ󺣣ޱ޼ʣƺҪ
һνɫˮΣӽɫƮ΢СĽɼ׺һԵü΢
Ȼ΢Сˮ뵤ںϺ׵巢ʵı仯
ȫѣ壬ЩܲסؼʱŽ˹ؼá
ǿ˼£ҪǻˣѾˡ
һҹ׽ɫѪȫѪѪ飬ǿ
ʵõٵʵʣһһСɽҪ
ʵܱȼ绯ʿ
ײҴ⣬˰ػԼĪͨһƬС磬ר
׿ʼһɾƪƪžаž޲а
һջǰЩС̫߾Եһ˽⣬ɾƪ仹ǿɬѶȻȫ
һνɫˮΣ飬ʶз·ֳ෨࣬޾ķţ֮ʶ¡¡졣
ֱ֮ȫǽɫˮΣǰʧһʢĽɫѪ񷡣
ҺڰСУôĶעˡ
ıչأʵǿʮϣ뻯ʿ档
ȻҲǳ֮壬ۻ̶ȣһ㲻ǲ
䣡
ֹգڱչؽ޳Ƿǳ۽һյС
ѾȫһνɫˮΣ漴ֺȻޱȡ
⻹ֻһˮζѣҪ˽ɫʵﵽһʲôĸ߶ȣ
룬ҲҪԽԪ
úܣҪǲƿ޷ȫɫ󺣵ģֻǳ֮ɸǿʱϣɫ
Сʦܣ̫ˣûƿ뻯ʿһսŽ嵱治Ҳܾȣ̾
׿Цʦ֣Ǳϲӣ㲻ú£Ϊ̣ҵҲԽӲʯҪƿҪత¾ˡ
ǺЦǰһģȫûйˣСʦô̬¾ײµġ
׷Űۣ
ʦ֣ұչô죬緢ʲôûУչô죬֪ôһơ
أչʮ죬ɽǳĲƽս죬ɽ챻Ⱦˡ
üͷ´ӿʼ͸ŲѰ챦ɺαЩСʿǰ̽ȫûҪ
¶һ˿֮ɫ͵СʦܣɴأʿѪͼһ硣
һ磿״󾪣æʵʦ֣⾿ô¡
ҡҡͷ̾Ѭİ
ԭίĿɿڴֶԸѪеĺ
ԭһλصʿ䣬һصı磬ʿ֪˴̽һûҵ
ΪʥǱʥΪǿĴڣı̣õһλʥıء
һʥıô׵õģոɶԭʥħߣǧǰֱ˿ɵ
ֱֱ޽Żص磬صɽѡȥ
һλħʥıҲӦаа͹թԸһӣǾѪɽʿԹ޺򿪱硣
̶̵ʮ죬ɽȫǸɵʿǿߡ
Щ죬ɽϿһƬѪɫޱѹֵϢַԲϢ˸ӵıͲͷսԽԽ࣬ȥҲԽԽࡣ


26 ʥı
Ѫʿȥһλʥı磬ЩУ治ֵǮ
ĳȻҲѪԴնɱȥıһҲ첻ġ
飬飬ѹΪʼԴǵףΪѪƤ˵
ΪȻͬʱҲоΣУݽ棬ͨ˵һҩֵǮҪ벻˲ٿֻбǿٱǿ
ʦ֣ʥı类ûУһؼ⣬ڻڰСУһ֪
ҡҡͷ˵һûУȻ
Ȼ֮䣬С綼ҲһޱȰԵšаǵأϯ죬񷣬ɽ
ͬʱ
ͨС綼ܸоһǿϢ˷ȫɽĳطȥ
΢üͷʥı类ˣɵĸڳˣȻλʥʥıضԪʿԣջ̫ˡ
۾ЦȻˣҲȥǱ翴һкαܴ򶯸ɴʥ
νʥΪѾκˣЦʵСʦҲˮһ
ԵɺϼȻˣȥһֲҵԸ񡣡ЦЦʦֻҴָϢɣһΣһỽġ
ͷ׵˼
ȥʥıĿĲʲô챦ΪĥԼСʦܵԸϲͲΣǳֻҪгһܴ䣬ԺĳɾͲ
ԼС磬Ȼػ׵Ĵָ˯ȥˣ˯һһʱ䶼˯
Ѫ죬һ˵һ磬Щúݵġ
վһСɽͷϣܡ
ɽѪȾ죬Ŵ̱ǵѪζɽҰʬ壬նģǳѹ֡
ɽ֮ңĳɽۣһޱȾ޴ĺɫŴڰУͨ屻ɫǧɣһȥڰ·ŵ
ĺɫ棬ħʥı磬һʥıأõһ
׿Կкܶʿ˽ȥǺɫĻͱ磬֪ڵһʲôģ
һ򿪣ƬɽҲƷˣʿβ볯źɫŷȥ
ʿֹǧ򣬳˻Ĺûг֣¾ɶȥһ˲׺һҪˮСʿɢ޲սпᡣ
ȥһѪͬȥ
ƺƵʿûֹֻһṦн˽뱦磬ȻԵ̰һչ¶š
Ȼ
ҲԼ̰ΪҲȥˮģõ͸òˡ
صĴǧɾ룬׾ܸоһаϮͼҪԼ
ת̫߾ڰȫ⣬ķעʺϵħħ
Ӵ޽ҲѰԼһȺߺХ׷׼Ц
ôǣݵطɵڣֻŨīĺɫſȫסķ羰
һȺȺ˽źХ룬һҲ˽ȥ
ţǣ
ʥıǰȻһ䣬𺳵Ըӡ
ʥıԪʿıȷʵͬҪԪʿǧ򱶡
磬Ѿ˵һˣҿлƯһ޴ĵ죬飬ǧ
һߣӿн̤һƬϣǰɫģǳĹ졣
ҲʦƽıӣǴ͸һаϢ
ʥûݻǳȻȴҲзǡɣȥҲûʲô
ӴСĽˣǵһˣǲ֪ôдģղһ֮ԵʮʿֳˣΪ׵һǻ֮⣬Ĵǻʿ
СӣҿҲѰģһӣԺõ챦Ҳһһ۾Ц
ûȤĮ˵һ䣬ת׼ߣҪʮ֮ǰȺ˵Ķ֣Ȼ˽ɫˮκ󣬸ûȺ˵Ӹ
ӴһѪԺӣ˵ôһ˴Цؿ
׺ܲͷкһ
ģӡ
δ䣬ȥһưһȷɣ䵽׿⣬ȥ


27 ɱ˶ᱦ
ڣХϢ׹ʿеĿ뵽Сʿȫñꡢö
ǰȺʿԣƽôţǱĺڰϢͬˣűޱŰ衣
һȷһˣȻȺִ󿪴ϣ֮ǻʿҲסһȭ֮
Ƭ̹ʮȫڵϰ׳ֺأҲǴȽš
㵽ʲôˣ޽ܶսһȺˣѵĳɵĵϵӣǻʿ񶾵ؿף
롣̧ѾӲϣʱѪģͷ˰ء
ţЦ棬ЩõĶڴָڣƬҶӶû©
գʿҵһʳָС裬
һȺ仰ﳤȥȽŵһȺˣ޵뷨ˡ

ʮ죬ͽԼаһ·Ҳܶǿʿ򲻹ܣùʹмЩ⣬Һȫߡ
ЩջҲܴЩܵʿȫһͨʿҲûʲô裬ҲһָС
õջһʿĴķʿһ೤ľߣһ񶷺ܾˣǡ·˵ء
ԭ׻ųûϵʿĳ׸ɵߺȴͻϮ
Ȼڽ䱸һ˾ߵʬ壬Ѫգֱڻʿ
֮׼ϵðĸɣһ߶ֽ⣬ֽһ룬ХһСɽ𶼸ˡ
ʿ׻Ҫæ
ֱ֮˵һñ鿴ʿֱĨȥȻ󽻸ʹá
ʦܣһȥǸʿݲ򵥣ǽڽ̵һϵӡ
ڽ̣ѾֻŲڻĹҵĴôȻڽ̱Ƚ𽣶촫лҪϣѾǰֻŲڻĹҵż꣬ɲ⡣
ЦЦÿ춼ôˣҲ²ɱģ¡
ʼЦʦֶˣʦұıûУ⵨ƫƫ󣬱˵ɱһڽ̵ĵӣǻĹҵĵӸҰңҲɱ󡣡
Цͷ׺ϲڽȻδط
Сʦһܰȫɳһܹ̫һġ
ʦܣҲ鿴ʿѾ֪ʹˣҰѷŴڸ㡣
롱ɰĸɣںһ˿̫ͺܶϣǳ
ɫֻһαװ̬Ǽǧһ߳ϸ룬շģС⡣
װѡ롱ĴָСǧϸͷУһǿУת£ǧХһ˿̫Ϣʿ
⻹ûƿǳ֮߶룬Ϊ㹻ÿһϸ붼ܱɼʮɳɽХӿд󣬼ʹʿҲҪޡ
˽⵽ܺװһҡ
ʿѾˣԼзĻȥĻѾԼˡ
뻤׵Ӿ͸ˣʹʿҲһζܣǴݵطɹȥ
ҪĳʿɱˣҲ壬ǧХɹҲѡ
Ƭ½ԽԽ٣ΪȷûʲôЩʿ뵽ȫΪѰбͻȥ
ĵȻܶ࣬ȴռ죬Ĵ𽣶춼ռ˼ʮԲǧ죬ʿȫϵĽֹͼһ⡣
ÿһĵ춼һ⣬һСֻռһ죬𽣶Ĵ̣޼ɵᣬ˭ҲֱӴѹ
ǽڽ̸ǰԵʥռյĵ죬ͷ֮ʢһʱ
챦֣ждʥ֣һʥõ
мʥסˣҪʥ
ʥսսǳң綼ڲһƬƬɽ촷ۣһƬƬ飬˼ʮ½ء
յĽҲö֪Ԫʿ֮սսʸûС
Ļ֣˽ⲻ֪࣬һЩ
ʿܹƷƵķΪһƷΪߡ
ԪʿƵķΪʥͬΪһƷʥΪߣҲǴʥʿƶɡ
ǿƵıѾ֮ܳΪǳ֮ΪÿһʥǸ̵֮
ʥ۷屻Ϊʥڽ̶ûУ˵ֻлĹҲӵС
ʥѾͨ飬ܣҪǱǿߴ߶ȫһܴ

λֵܿܣͷ̫Ҫˣ׷ҹˡ״ɱһͷ޺׼ɵȥˮ㣬䲻ߴһ


28 ɲ
һͷɫľŭһ·߱涼𶯣ҵǳ׺ݡ
׷һˣɫԵе԰ףܵٶȺܿ죬£̨ܣɵܷҪˡ
΢΢һЦɫѪܣ˷һͺ˹ȥ
ͷԼʮɵľǺֲܿȻʿѾΪѧһЩ
ܱŭһܻľȼ졣
׳Хһһ㣬һƽһƻеĻϤ顣
һԾУƸ߸𣬶žܵԴһ졣
ͷܵצӶײһܵѣγһµĹ֡
ԽսԽ£ɫѪ֣ˣצϣֻȥһ˺۶ûС
ţ˰ôǿôһҲ޽ôһֲӡ
ɫװ꿴÷㶣ϰֻ˵ҵ˫ƿһ·߸裬򳼷ëλұ̬ˡ
𣡡
ŭһצӽףצгȵ¶ȣ涼ˡ
Ŀ磬һ𣬴ӻзɹһƴܵצӣȻƲɵգһȭܵԴ÷顣
飡
ͷɫܵض״죬һսǳˬӳ˳ɵʵ
λ磬޽ΪҸоʿҪ̬ô˵СܻҪлľ֮
һЦ֣λ׳ĿȻûбĺڰϢϮ
΢Цֵܿˣֵ֪ôͷޣó֮ǰ
ƲƲ죬ߵүӿ˳Զѣһ·׷ɱʱô
С˵óڣ׶й۲ͬʱԼԼöԷƺ˼ǿֻû취ʹöѡ
ͬΪ޽Ҳͬһˣô죬򵥡
ҽм񣬲֪˸꿴һ֣˵

ҵĵô
һ̫ˣҿĹ֮һѹһĹңΪǿ
ҵĵô޽ΪԼһʥأ˼ʮ꣬һС֮Уɢҩ㣬ͨҵһʮ֮ǰܴﵽ޽ͻᱻɷҡ
ҽףӦò࣬Ҹˣһ˽и磬ȫƤ񶼿ˡ׹һЦô˵껹Ǻкøеġ
֪ʲôطƿƣݸһƿڵϣСƿǡ
ףҲǳĥİɣóʺ⣬޽ô̬ʿô
ڵϺȾƣȻԴĥʲôȻһھ˳ŵؿƽһѪһòùŽɣ
ɫһڣͬڵϣĿⲻƵضСô֪Ž壿
Ӽ仰У׿Կ϶ԷǼҵĵӣһ̵ĵҲһЩͲ³ʣ쵶ŵʥ˫Ҳļš
ûзʱЦ˵ڵֱֱоһɱֹסЦ
ģЦûУĿⲻƣɱϯȥ
磬֣лú˵Сʧ̬ˣ͵͵ܼܳһùˣһʱûס£°Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬æ˵
ǼҵĵӰɣбʵ
ƨ
׷Űۣе޿κΣһھʵղ˵ʲôʲô㻹ùѵҲƿôҲʮ߰ˣҵĵͻûƿǹһ˰ɣ
ЦǵһˣǼҹڶˣһǼʼ档
뼧ʼһʣ
׺ɵؿСһۣôôҲôɵԸѵӵ޵еʣ
ײôţæˣţľɲ壬ڻĹʱŽ壬еء
ò֪ԣȻ̫ɽ˺ܶ伮ǽ𽣶Ĳǲ뼧ȵģǰС˵Ķȫ
ʻָôҴδʵ
Ϊ㿴鿴ٰʵҲ㣬ǼĹңڻĹŵ£Щ֪ƨƿƣݸһƿԼеغš


29 
ޱ޼ʵı磬ɱ̣ʿѾеĸڻ½ϵʿָ
һ£׺ͼе죬ЩȤҲûʲô̰Ҫ˵ʵȥЩ챦
׶Լղ˵ĻȤЦǳŽɲ֮⣬ʲôʱȽһЩ
ʼ磬͵ӺúøһΣŽȻ˵ǻĹǿʣ֮޵¡
ڶ壬ʺܿ£ҴӹżֻϹҵʡ
Ǳүɲ壬ҵʿҪɵģ֪жôɡЦ
̲סˮˣƿ˵ɣͬˣһɡ
ĿǰΪЦеƿôҲҪףҲǲȺ飬һû˵Ĺ֮Žܴء
żüͷЩɻ󣺡ͬΪʮ޵֮һ˵Ӧͬһʱôһ˾˵Ž壬ѵ˵ؼˣ
ЦЦˣҲҪȥϴһ֣Ǿʹ˱
վٺٶЦһȥɣ֣Ȼܽ·ƣɨ򡣡
̫˰ɡһΪѵӣȴǺ⣬ܽʶҵӣķչ϶а
æ˵ϴҲ̫ģ֮Աͷɵ׷ɱΪҸոɵһʿͷôҵĶ֡
ôԡЦЦȻһƴɴСͷҪȥ
ȣ
񲻸ʾХһֽƣһƽƣһʯӡͷײһ
䣡
ݣ³˼ףľűһͱ촷ۡ
޽ʿĶԾʿҲûս
ΡȻһվȽŲɫһ˿쳣󣬵ȫɢɫâʥء
һЦЩԵãϴΪ԰ɣϾҪƿˣʱһֶֻѹ㡣
װ𾪣Լһ֮նɱʿȻôɾ͵ֵסˣӵɲ塣
ɲ֪徿к⣿аһŶԼʵУҺȣǾͬȥתתǷɼһЩô
еСĦȭƣЦϴ֣ԵֵһʿҲԱ֮ˡ
ȴֹۣǻǽһЩɣȻʥ٣ʿ٣һʿɱǡ
һߵϴõģʵڲбүٻǼҸ֣ҿǱҼΪص磬Ƕϲҡ
Դˣߡһڼϣȳһȥ
۰һ
˷ߺƬԲĿռͻȻȫģӰʱʱ֡
Ƭձ׽Ԫʿ޷ƿģӰԼɣͬˮĲһ㣬
û뵽Ž嶼ˣʮĺƽҪôһӰ
Ž壬Ĺŵ޵ʣѵһҪôе㲻šһӰǻӦҲ
С񼴽ƿΪʼ֮ڶɲ壬ôŽҲǲܵ飬ѾյϢһλСбַڽߣҲҵ˴ߡ
ıˣҲҪСǼδϣʧ
СƺŽܺϵҪŽܴ䣬ǼҾͶһλֲѡ
ȥбŽʮ꣬ʮĳɳռ䡣ǵģ˵
ǡ
ţģӰʧⷽٴαϢ뱦սֲԪʿ֣ˣҲǰ벽ʥǿߡ

׺ͼڿѾתʱûҵĸĸֹǧϧѾȫռݡ
ˣָһĸ˵ϴ󣬾ɡ
˳ָķȥʱΪһ޴ĽڸϿգɢܡ
һǽ𽣶ĳλǿߵıѹסҲ֪ǽ𽣶ĵ̣Ҫǰ衣


30 Ҫһʦ
գĸһһָ͸İٷ֮һΪǽ𽣶ĵ̣û˸ǡ
ˣǶʱүˡүϰԿʼ
ЦЦ˵ڽ𽣶죬ǡҲǽ𽣶ĵӡ

һ㶣ŴЦϴ㲻᲻ҰɣЩĿļһ϶㵱зˣڽ𽣶Ӳùɡ
򸡵ȥ˵ǽ𽣶̫һλƽ̣Щŵʿҵͽͽ˵Ҳң
ֹһһкϷˡ
˽ĺͨ͸ʮ껹ûƿΪʮޱˣָźЦҲͬʿ
ȷɲ壬Ǽΰ壬ʱüڼҺ߶û˸ҹܡ
ˣ˵һ𽣶ˣ붼룬֪ڽ𽣶Ӳù
˸սӽ˴ӸϷɳĮסǡ
ֹڽ𽣶죬һɲܿһʿӸµ˵
ʼ磬ЦϴҸһӣӦ
һڳһϵģ󵨣̫һףҲң
̫һشŵʿһ㶣ȫȻһмЦ
ǲеķˣҲԳ̫һǷפڴˣûнʦֵ˭̤һ
ɫʦֶѾҵݣѵǾԼƽ̻ô
ţЦЦǴſӦӣôӦóƺһʦ塣
شŵļɫúѿƫƫûзء
Ȼз壬ڵȷ̫һǵλҪࡣ
ߣķ֮λֻʱģֻһ֮Լȥͻᱻ̫һװʲôβǡһʿ˵
ϴ󣬷ʲôֱӶְɡ÷ϻȫɫâǣһʯӡնֱѹЩʿϡ
ۣۣ
ֺأȻԷǻʿȴҲֲסһһʯӡҵѪ㶼ɫֵ˵ϡ
ģǷᡣֹһײվһ岻ۣԼƢϡ
׺ͼһǰȥǼشŵʿӺˣȫ֮档
ߣ
ͻȻ䣬һɬޱȵѹնһλµɫӸ
ʦ֡
Ǽʿȫһ˫˫񶾵Ŀ⿴ˣһ˴еʦˣǵɡ
ġɫһڣҪȥˣס뼧ԿΪǰ˵Ķ֡
Щ˳֮Ϊʦֵѵõӣ޳üԵú԰һָ߸ϵĸо
˸ô𽣶Ŀ磬ˣ޾ѹɢ䡣
һڶʿѹ׺ͼ
˶ʮ壬ѹ㲻ʲôԪʿ⣬ʿҲþѹǡ
ϴ󣬿ˡںʲô£ٻҸ֣ǿ߶Ҫ㤡
ĹҲۣʥҲС
ʦֶ̫һķףɣʦ廹ôԵŹź򡣡Цݣ˵Ļȴˡ
ɫһڣһݵĿ׵ȻһЦһ¡
ʦֶҺλҪȥѰͷһá̤ϸ˶ֺȻһʿ
ɫһһףҲסŭûб¶
ֽ׶Ȼ̫һһмλ̫ϳ֧ףȻǽ𽣶һٮٮߣȴҲǲ
׺ͼҡ߽תۼͽ븡ûӰ
ʦ֣ѵǾһʿȫԡѪݺݵض˵ıӰ
Σأܶ࣬һмͷޣͳȫǡ
۾˸ź⣬ߵûи֣ȥһѰֻػ˵أ׼ȻǾͳȫ
ʦӢ
ĿسױӰһۣиֳͷޣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ǼȻѰɵǡһЦźշ𣬷𽣶Ƶһ졣


31 צ
󣬷Բ׺ͼո߽ȥ͸оһɳƵϢ
·½زͬǺ£ҲԼƮһ˿˿Ѫζ
һϿȣվϿΧֻɿֹͨסŲ
Ͽȳϱ򣬿ڴϣʯǰɫģǳĿֲء
ϴ˵Ͽб𣿡Īأоһ˿ļ£ƺϿʲôֲĴڡ
ָͬоȻѾǾͽȥһۣмߣ׸оܰȫ
ҼȻѼʥûǿ߰бҲʥ
ô㲻ҽˣЦЦ
ɫǵͨ죬еЦ¾ûбүȥĵطߣǽȥѰ
״Ц˵ģʹΣҲϿȻǽ𽣶ռݵĵ죬λʦֶȻѾȥˣʱǲʲô赲
ʵϣ˵ĺܶԡ
һ·Ͽȥ޵ʬ壬һϸ鿴Щޣľ
Ǹ굹Щ£ЩʵȣЩѾڴͬĶ֡
Ͽԭҩȴߣü񲻶ϴģëһ㱦û¡
׺ܽϹ۲ܵΣѾ˼ʮϿȵѾ޵ʬ壬Ҳ˵ϿΣգսĶ롣
ҪСˣҾսǼһѾֹˣ϶Ӧ˵ޡ
첻⣬ЦүǳģΣյľ棬Ҳһƿ
ЦЦͲ棿
գգۣٺЦİϴҪ޷Ӧʱ˻ȡ
Ȼˡ
Ը׳𰸣ǺЦȻˣǾͽ߰ɣ챦ڵء
ʵϣȷΣգûκνҡ
м·ͻȻоһֱʣһױȵϯƹһŭ
Ľˣ׺ͼɫ䣬ǿһͷצԼɡ
ģڴΪǵùˣȻһͷ
˸ɫâ⻪ת䣬ܱͷ޵ļ
ɫأ˵ȷ챦򲻻ּޡ
૵ϴҪ򣿡
ϻȱǷùòĥĻᣬ˷ˡ׽ɫѪںХצͳ˹ȥ
ͣ򡭡ûأ׾ͱצһצĻݺݵڵϡ
ʲôϴûɣһ׾ˣһ˼ǧɲסŲ
צû׷ػĳϽκڡ
ȡ治ޣһжûסȫͷ֪˶ٸԡѪҺѾǿӲ̬ĵزûΣա
ϥڵϿʼˣ˲޾ĽɫѪûڣڴ˻
ѪǳʢʿҲɾƪѾԶһתƿĺܿ졣
ʱƾȬˣĿ磬֮ղŸΪʢ
ߡ
ȥģ㶡
׷ۣϻôĥĻ㲻֪ôȥͷצ
磬治ĶôܳŹϢͲˡп졣
бۿۣ
ۡ񲻷شС
״ǰƽ˵ǻʲôѵûôͷȻػʲô뿪Ǵ򲻹Դܣôõĥᣬȥң
һЦϴ̫Ӣˣߣ֣ɵͷ
ɱ˹ȥȻֻǵֵУһϢ˻צһںϣ嶼Ҫڻˡ
ģǺʲôүˡȫ붼Ǹ⣬һսζƮ
һԼԼֳһɫŻ޾Ż㵹塣
׿ðԵͷǴ˵еɲ壬ȻЩŵֻҪһڣͲ
һΣϢʱȬȥɱͷɶ
ٴ˶顣
ʱ䣬˾ͱͷצභ˼ʮغϡ
ÿһغϣ˶ΪۣõջҲǷǳ޴ġ
׵ŻʩչԽ·Ѿƿƺͻơ
ļҴѧ챮ҲõĽչһƻʮʯɳס


32 Ͽȶ
ϿڵزҽţڼʱǰٴսצӲ˰ʱʧܣѾĵزǳɳٶľ
̵ģǱôȻñԴϻһ˺ۣڵķû취
ϣһ˰ֱ̣ǣ˰צñԴˣڵΪ޷
ֻͷ챻ǷˣȻԲѽ£˵п̣Ÿˡ
ƨţүǿԷģǻˣôҵǧŮˡ
ױ˵ȫëֱһŰ߷ɡ
ϵ˰̣ߵ˵ôɣĿǰΪѾӽͣĥȥҲûôϧҲ򲻹ͷѵ˳ȥ
һоⱩ
ʲôܸභСʱѾǿˣ˵ǵĵƲ඼ˣ֪ͷжô
һЦô
Ȼ䣬״߶ͷе룬ǧƵɳмߴСɢܡ
һ૵ڽ̵ϴļ񵽵ı
ɼ񵽽ڽһλʿ޶Ծܾ֮ʣɱ˶ᱦƽƽ˵
ݡĴָֻЦڽе㲻ˣȻûĹҵĳƺţǶԻĹ֪ƨ⼸ڽ̵ȷ˼֣ҪСĵ㡣
û⣬Цʵϣɵͷɡ
ɣǻʲôģӻݣӾҪ⡣Ҳǵ֮ۼֻϣҲϧһԡ
ߡ
룬ٴսצ

ǧ⣬Ѿ֧飬ʯ洦ɼ˼ʮףһ޴Ĺ֩һ㡣
˫ֲվһԣƴУֻˣ
׵˵㲻˵ôţ˭һء
ޣѻ죬ǿ壬ôôǿĳ
Ҿûĳ޽
䣡
˵䣬צϿɳŹޱߵԼһ˿ŨŨԹ
Ц˭ôǲҲŭ⼸׺ͼս˼ʮΣÿοܣһûط
Ȱ㻹ǹԹ뿪ɣﵱ˵Ц
צʲôû˵âһһˣĿ⼫ضˣȴʲôû˵
ܻΣδػ˵˻ǱɵûӴҲûѧϰԡ
εҲ˵ʲôһǰ޴ɢһƻ
Ͽ𶯣죬һƺأҪѼһ

ɫأ̤ȥһУƺ˺ݣһȫаɽٶ֮ɫޱ󣬼˼ζڹķΧڡ
ġ
Ҳ˺ݣֳɫâʮʯճ֣ײɫơ
䣡
ɽʯܵ治Ϲѣ޴춯أ⼸ĥʵ˳ĽȻסһС
Ҳޱߵѹȫž죬һ˿Ѫ
飡
ʱ֣ڷ裬ɫѪǣһͷιһ㣬һȭϯ
һӣĺɫһȫɡ
ԽսԽ£Ȧһȭһȭ·Զɺһ㣬ȭܱء
Ž²ɵ޽Ҳܿ¡
㣡ǣң
ѵ³ۣٴα任ɱ壬һХһʯ÷顣
ޱߵһצץס񣬾ҪͷΡ
ȣ
״ȣþȫͬʱýɫѪ룬ǧƵ飬ҵƿ崩ѡ
𣡡
ʹһצ˦˼񣬼ȫͷ඼ҪˣѪֹһɫŻ֣ӿ޾û
ȣ
ͬӿ׹£ϵĿѪ
ΪղͬһצӴϣż򴩣ƴܾ˵ĳ徢צ
䣡
Ȼڴʱצʼƴˣȼձһɿֲ׵ϰ
ŭˣϵ˵ˣܴ裬Ѫϴ
αǣɳβʯ촷ۡ
ͬʱ
ɫѪҺֻצӳץ˲񷣬ܴ硣


33 ʥʬ
¡¡
ʯѵأצŭϧȼձҲҪɱˡ
ֻצǵأױȵѹһɽѹ
׺ͼɫҰף׽еСӣϽٻбǿߣһǵסġ
ЦҸղžٻˣϧûػģѵҪڴˡ
ƨ̫ˡ׷һſЦʦ֣鷳ˡ
䣡
ʥ޾ѹֱ磬Ӵָ߳˫Ĺߣ˲䶴צӴ塣
𣡡
צĺ޴ҰڶʯϿϷ䣬ھҲ
ţ׺ͼ񾪺鷢ˡ
ɳצʼѸڻӴȼֻʹʧ׵׵
ǿ
ʦ̫ˡ
׺ͼ񶼿ˣи߲ʵצһжûסͱɵˡ
ʥ죬۷ĴڣʼԴҲһ˸ǡ
С˭ôôҸоҵһЩ岮
ЦЦ¡ؽܶԷʦ֣λǻĹżҵĴ߼Сӣλҵʦְһλʥ
òϾһʥشк״ãǼ񡣡
治ɫʵҲһ£û뵽СʦܾȻʶ˻ĹҵĵӣҾȻǼҵĴߣ˵ǰСһδƿؼң
ǺǣȻ׵ѾţЦЦȻУ¶Ź֮⡣
״ʱȴڵһ⣬ĵʦּʹϢ¸ղ˲䱬һʥҲЩʥоﲻ˵ĵطǻ뿪ɡ
¡
෴ȴһЦĳһ΢΢ͷλĪͨգҵϢûйȥ治ǻĹżң˵еġǬս硯Ȼ鴫
һ£պ壬ô
Ǻǣһ˭أճִһλӡ
ϲκϢʹҲ֪Ϊð֮Ϊ֣Ȼ
壬Ȼ㣬Ҿ˵ӲҪֶͷɵǼδô۰򡣡Բѽе
岢ûд֣صسһͷ¼֡
д󣬼æ񣺡ֿˡ
׺ͼСһߣвסˣʵ壬㲻˵Σյ㲻ôѵҲȤ
ɫأϿϸһųʰܸоô
ͷɫࣺܸоһļµϢǱѰ
۾Ǳһλֻϧɲìܣɾʥһʦţǧûһڡ
׺ͼզ࣬һˣֲóΪħߡ
֮ʻصĵطѡ죬һʬҲڱ硣³
˼ǣλʥʬ񾪵
ӦòµͷҺͰֶеµĶѾˣһλʥʬ
Ȼʥʬλʥļ£ʿжôǿ붼롣
¿СľȣЦŽ͵ʿʼԴ۷Ĵڣһȭܷǳһǧأλ֮죬Ȼƺˡ
üëһ˵һλʥ
´ЦŹǻм̬ĴڣѾ̤ߵĲΣ˭λʥǼҲ֪Ϊʥڵս⣬ʼԴϡ
ǵƻ̫ˣҪʥһҪ
ɫصصͷҲ˵ʦ˵ʥΪܣȻ½ɣǣһȭܷһУ޿ƥеĴڡ
׺ͼ૵ģ֪ʱҲܱôʱ˭˳۾һᣬ
εؿԼֶ֣صض԰˵֣ǽȥһ̽
á΢Цͷ
΢΢һЦҺͼ϶ҪȥֵģǲȰ뿪
ССЦЦǸŰɣʹΣӦҲӦ

һвûע⣬Ϊĸ̫ˣսһͷ㾪¡
׺ͼ󣬳ŴϿȥ


34 ʥ
ϿİԽߣԽܸоһɹϢ˴ĵð
С˼ʱºȻ˵
ɫصĵͷҲ˵λʥһ½濴СʵаȷǱĺģЩʥʧˡ
Կ϶ʥʬͲλʥԲбթǽҪСˡ±ҲأϾҪıһλʥʬɲòš
෴׺ͼжˣΪһ·˺ܶϮɱȫǱɵľҲ磬мͷֻһ͵ʥ硣
ЩսʸûУȫǰ߼³ֲŽ⡣
ͼļ£޾ŽʥΪ֪λʥжôֲ
Ҫǿս
쿴ʲôʱѴԽ˴ϿȣһƬɳĮѾ˼ʱɲͷ
Ȼ䣬ǰɳϯɳĮڵ㣬һڤ֮·ǴӵĶħ
˫Ŀ⣬ңңȥɫ䣬һȺˣȫڤ͡
ڤͣڤڵô˵֮ɿܣȴǰʵü
۾ǧڤͣλʥеʿ˹ֻͣأ̫ˡ
ǧڤͣһɼǿսλʥ˳׼Զʬ
λʥڱҲ̣мʥһսࡣ¿Ц
ֱúƽƽ˵һȺ˶ѣҲΪǽˡ
ű𶯣ЩڤͿµĺܡ³˺һ䣬һɾǿȵϢɢԨ纣ʥ
䣡
Ȼڴʱгּ޴ƣӲͬķŻذΰݺѹһȺڤ͡
˺󣡡ºͰˣɿ˺ǧɡ
¡¡
ص綼𶯣ʥһеڤȫԪڤҲȫҷ
¿ЦԪʿȫ֮һѾ쳣ҵշӡǴˡ
ȻЦƾʹưɣʥʬͬСɣƾδܰȫ뿪
ǿϢӿħӰبգȫ̵ǿߣԪʿ
ԪǿߣټϰףƬؽλʥ¶棬ȥ
ԭʸʬĵطͷǺĻһ½һֶǿηһͷЦңңɢŲĥʥ
׽ƬգֵķԽޱˡһ˺նƮƮɡ
ȻһλʥѵʵĳλôһŮӿдиֳһȵӰ
λһλʥԵúܳĬ
λֲǳʵһȵһţľ˳֣һѾ޸
λĴʥ࣬ݵƣռֳȣƺܳλʥϢ
ӸɢһôʥļµϢסգÿռ±ޱȹ̡
ʥȻʥؽȷͬ죬Ҫõʸδ׵顣
λʥӿ£뼧ºͰк˴˶ܼɵ
Щ˷ǶĴڣܾۼһһ򵥵飬˿ɼһʥʬǺεȵı
΢΢һЦ裬Ǻǵλ֣ҲǸոҵȻλҲˣ˸ã֣ͬѰһʸıɡ
д⡣
ơ
˱˴˼ɵ˭ҲƣһʥĿس׿һۣһ
䣡
һɻɬѹǧɽ֣ǵذѹƺƵʥܷһС
붯ôĿһһӵסʥ˵
׳ֵһˣɢһȵϢ׳һ˫ƺлȼգǳĿֲ
ɱҽڽ̵ӣҽڽӻôߣѹء
½֣һӶѣûҪİɣ˵ǵĿǻʸ㲻Ҫ֡ʵţʥЦ˵
ҲЦֲضŭֻҪѰʸ汦أһҳݡ
λʥΪ飬ټϰһԻλڽ̵ĸ½ɫ΢䣬˵


35 ͭ
Įɳѩƽʱɳϣ赲κ˵صʿȻȴƽ˾ֻе磬˿ɳŰ
λʥϢѾ׸ıĹ׺ͼСţɫƽɫ̫ۡ
ϴûɣλʥȥѰ˵ȥ̫ˡٺֱЦ
΢Цȷ˺ܶࡣ
˽⵽ԪʿĿ£һ·жôǿĴ赲ȫ׵ر𣬱顣
ڰʱǰ޳֣ǳĿֲǿ󣬿ɿԪʿ
ȻȴλƮƮŮһƺ飬һ֮ѹ񷣬ǳ
¸˴ǧλŮӿڻȻֻǶ껪ʵѾ˰ˣ̵ڵһλϣǰѾԪʥߡ
ϷĻʻȥٲҲ׵һλ˰Ůˣ֪˰˰Ůжô¡
һȺ˰̤ɽɹһȻߵͷʱ˶סˡ
׺ͼͷ𣬲ŵؿԶľ
ǧ⣬ȻһƬǺӡ
ƬǺޱ޼ʣһſСөҷɣһľ󣬺𺳡
ʥֹסŲȫɫء
ЩҪģǵĿȫƬǺӵĵشһʥ˶ס
һ޴ͭ׺بǺ룬ɢϢ֮һ۾ͻ᲻Ҫȥ
ͭ޹ףʸҪʲôѵŸôһλ
ͭ޹ף·һڶһϢ
ǿΧھ޹Աߵһ裬һԴԴͭ޹ס
ʬ
Ƥڵѧ˺ܶˮ֮еĵһ˿⡣
ʸʥҪʲôѵԼʬһ߽ʬɣ
ײʩչѰҪȴ䲻ս
Ϊͭ޹ֻһӣԼԼԿͭ޹滹һˮףɢĪϢϽеɽȥ赲һӡ
ˣ
ˮƺ΢΢һ£һɹ׵˫۶ʱѪᡣ
ϴô£һΣתȥɳһ
һɾƪķתǹɲϢƳ⣬ЦЦǸͭйŹֻ֣Ƕ࿴۾͸оһɿֲϮ۾
ȷйŹ֣ɢļµϢСһﲻҪҿ¶
Сʦܣû°ɣʵ
Цʦַģûʲô󰭣ֻҸо⸱޹̫ŹˣҪСһЩ
޽ķҲҴԲָǣ½Ц¶мһ˵̬
üͷҪȴЦЦ½Ҫ飬ҹĵ沢û㣬һ̱˴Ҳһġ
С
½ŭһɢޱȳȵϢϯס
½֣ˡüһһ֣ʧ
½Ŀݵضǣȴûٶ֣ΪΪټʵͼңֲˡ
λ侲һ£ĿǰҪȡͭ޹ڵر˽˶Թȥ˽Ҳ١Цŵ͡
ΪĹżҵǿߣ̶ҪһЩӣ½Ц˵ʲôƤţɫȻ
ƬǺӺܲ򵥣ÿһǳģǻʸ˵ǳںԼıУͨȷֲڵλŮʥ˵𿣬ǳ
˵ûһƬǺӱʸ󷨣ƾκһ˶޷ȥҲ˵
ԣӦǺãһλЦЦʵ
ɫƽ˵˺ƬǺӣٽʸʬͬıƽΣ
ƽڵѩһͷӦ
ҲͬһλʥҲͷͣڴڼ˭жģѴɹͬɱˡ
ãλʥͷʾͬ⣬Ҳûбİ취һǱ˴˼ɵԷʵƬǺӵȷֲһܻ֮
úõشﲻҪҶǧҪߣؽֲܻĴڡ
СʦܣԵƬ̡
ͼ·׷ˡ
׺ͼ˴˿ЦͷķչǵԤϣǰ˵ˣʿûʸ֡
ҪıһλʥʬȻҪλʥͬ֡
䣡
ߵֲ׵ʥױ׷̤ƬǺӣ޾ʥء


36 
ǳ˸ÿһСɢĹһжôλá
λʥ̤ƬǺӺ󣬺ȻһǺӶȻ췭ظı仯
һɰԵбаϢϯأǳתһɱ֮󣬿ֲɡ
Ǻ֮Уǽݺᣬһſһ޴֮ڣʼλʥ
תʥʹҲǼµģȻǰĵϣԷһС
ˢ
һ޴ޱȵĽﳤŰһſ
ڵŮʥѩͷһľ٣һɹɢȥһſǳӻ촷ۡ
һֱӷ˼ǳӿֳ޾챮飬Ⱥɽһײһſ
λʥȫ֣նʱѳһĺۼĹâʾ˵Ļ
һƽ٣һ㣬λʥܺɨһƬ
ؼƲƿŻʸ沼µĴڱһ󱻽ƻࡣ
׺ͼ񿴵Ŀɿڴʥ֮ÿһݿ࣬ɨ˷ޱߵķ
ҺƬǺһ磬ս޲ǣʹһ˿ನҲʲô壬ھĲ£ϡ
ȻǼʶԪʿĿ£ÿһ൱ڵź˵޷һʥ
ԭԪʿôҺǿĿȣĿתһ֮ս
һſ򱻷飬Ĺâӡ׺ͼС
嶼ĬȻˣ֪˲ֲ̫࣬ˣҪԲˣֻѾɥʧǰĶ
׺ͼǺǿ֮ⳡ֮սûз޵еǸĶ
ģҪŬˣ˵ؼҪ䣬δǿ߱ŬֻܳΪ˵ĵʯ
תͷ˵ϴҲҪŬ̫ǷˣÿǰһҪȱ˶ʮĺˮ
΢΢һЦã˭ҪԼġ
үһֱġЦ
һ߹սһ죬ⳡսҲ˳װȻĽ׶Ρ
λʥʼ񣬸֣һɹɿֲϢǳڷ飬һɱ֮ڱ
ʦ־׵Ŀס
ĬԣսͬСɣȫɢױȵͷ޴Ĺǡ
ǻǧСḥ̂һɱ󣬺ɨһ
УȻ
ȻλʥҲ˭ҲɵľһʸʬᣬͷϷ
ʱʥȫɨȫϰȫɱС򶼻촷ۡ
ͣȭһС򡣡
Ȼ׺ͼҲЩʸ󷨵򶼺Сǧ֮һҲܾˣԼԪʿĿ¡
ǿպֻܰɢſֲϢشʥǣͭ޹װΧסȴû˸ǰ̽
һλʥĳ֮أԪʿҲҶ
λ֣ǲֳͭΡΣ²
á
ơ
ף׷޵
䣡
λʥᷨʱؽ翪ʼӵңĴҫ۵Ĺâ
嫵ķӿճһ޴ѺۣЩѺϣ飬һֻҪƿӡ
ȣ
˴ȣǿһ
£һܴСȻ󺣣ڽӽͭ޹ʱȫΡ
λʥһۣȻ
ʸ治һλʥ֮ͨԤϣʹҲƣӲʥһ
λѣǳȫɡɫأ
ֻˣ޷ͭס˳ĬΣҲͷͬ⣬ٱʵѾù֮Ҫȷͭס
¡¡
һον죬ԽǿҵĹâ͸ؽ磬ÿһ
ҡҡ׹ƺ
׺ͼ񼸺ҪվȣڻǴǺӣ
ͷĹǴǺзɳͷϣǶʱһޱ޼ʵ֮Χƣȴûж⣬ֻǱǲܵ
飡
ͭ޹ͬΧĽƣȫ飬ʧӰ١
ȻڴʱĿһѾѰۣȻѰһĻ
ͭ飬صƮǺУÿһֶ˸ĪĹϢԵ÷ǳλá
ɾ
ͷЩָĸоϤԼʱҲָоԼкӴԶڵһ㡣
æģȲǷܿЩȫӡԺУԶĥ


37 ½
ΡȻμסֵɾֻֿ֮ûɬѶĪ⡣
֮⣬λʥûвЩ֣ײɸмӵѧѰۣܿ͸һбԴȻҪһԵ
ϴ쿴ȵ״붨ѣװһ侪ȵӣһˮף
ףʸҪʲôɣĳµĴ˵
ˣ
ˮͻȻȻһλʥֲµȻ󴩳磬˲ǧ
ˢ
λʥ׷ᣬ鵽زûеõʸǾֵ̫ˡ
СʦܣҲҪȥ׷ʸһλʥҵľһܵõܣʶһؼʱܱһ
Уͬʱһɺ嫵ԶûȥֹƾԼʶС
ǰһԼʶ֮УΣ׵
λʥͬˮ״˱磬Ҳ޷֣Ȼһѿ
챦ҩӿн䣬ɽ
ৣ
Ӱɽд󣬿ʼı
һԣԼµһҩװڴָڣͬʱҲһǣʼĴѰ
콵ưүȻϡЩôҲԼƾµõġٶȲҲʼɽҰѰ
ò˵ʸıڴ˴ıͨʥ
λʥЩ챦ӶԶʸջ󣬵磬ܿ۵ֻдҩԼʥ
౦á
ϴ㿴ɽͷϼ䣬ӳǧȻһʥϧǿᣬûʸ֡
׺ͼʵƥʿҲֻڳʿڣǻǲ۷壬޿ƥеĴڡ
ʵκһʿ̶ǿߣϵʿҲ쵱ġ
һλʥıջ̫ʿܣʥҲĳ棬Ǿ޷ġ
ʿɶֹâ̱ĸоƺǿ߶ˣٲ߾ˡ
ͷģүҲָоǿߣЩƶүϡء
ǻĹżҵĵӣЩƽıﵱȻϡи˼䣬˻⣬Ƿȥ
䣡
˸뿪һֻ˶ƴɢܣڵɽ촷ۡ
˫Ϣس֣˶ȥķ¶һ˿ЦݣȤӺŽһ嶼ô
ҲǣŽҪȻУҲһǱڵΣա
˫һȻɫ䣬һĨӱӲһȭ
䣡
ԲʮﶸȻ³ʮף¡¡Ƕһ溧ţ̳ܲ
쵶ŵʥӹȻˡһЦԶнԶʧ
˫˫֣۾ߣȭѵ½̵Ҷô
Ҷ֣ʵڴˣǼ֮ûʸҲˡ
˫ЦЦڿն˲ʧ

һʱ׺ͼ񷵻ǣ˻ͷЩġ
ɽȴֻűȥᱦԼȴܷһ
ղ˭ɱǣģ̫ˣүǣ뱻Ű
һҾ¥ڣ׿ղϴ˸裬һ·ʱȣ֮ǰǡ
ţˣ㻹Ϊܶ򰡣һĹҡ
ɣ˵֮ҽ£򳼷Ҷ᳼ҵġ
ûСӵԴޣԹ˺Сơ
ϴǲҪؽ𽣶ˣ˳Ժһ̧ͷʵ
𽣶ķԼһʱƿұѰʱ׼ȥҡҡͷ
𽣶һ㣬̫һķҪҲգһؼңȥżӦа취ƿġ˵ǳϡ
жСȻϲԴޣȷԼѣҴϣûгǸ
ҼȻӦʦػ̫һ㲻ᷴڣӦ֮СӲصġ
΢Щʧһѣ治ôͷ֣ҪؼˣΪȣۼͲѹˣҪҼλ֣ƿ
ϴͨҵĴ̨㱣ܺãʲôʱ첻ȥңүӭ㡣
лл˵


38 ɾ
ûǶ̫ãڶͿ̨ؼңЩʱյĥԺʵ֪ǿ˶ٱѾ޷ѹƵĵزǸ÷ؼƿˡ
߼󣬾ͳ״ʧˣȻζᱦбֵĲۣ϶Ҳ˼ˡ
ɽһɱԼ䲻ҿ϶˫ҲôѲ˸ϵ
ߵĺܳףûдǣԶݼ֮⣬һƬСڡ
ϼ쵣ѪССȻܰ׵ľƽ¶ɱȫϴӡ
Щ֮⣬׻ȥоżȻɾ
΢һйֳʶ֮УȷһƪɾڡȻȴҲɾƪ
̫ɽһʱգʶԶǰһɢɹĹּһŷǳ
ԭһȻȷһɾͬ죬ѵٶô
ײ⣬ȻʼȻɾɬѶһնûͷ
٣һ治ˡ֮ļԣԼߣԶһ̵ʥӡ
ϵУĳԣСһǰ¡
ˢ
ºһҹվڴͷʧڴһͷ֣Ϣʱ䣬Ѿ˲Ƴȥǧɡ
ԭȷһɾһԴʱ䡢ռľֵ޿ɹ
׷·ԽʱգȻһ˿ʱ֮תа£ܴɾһ˿߽ǡ
Ⲣֻһһº嫵Ĺžƿʱ䣬տռ䡣
Ϊ̫ǳܰռϢʱ䣬Ȼȴޱȣһسɴ磬ɾһ
Ϊ̫ǳԷɾ֮һãĿǰȴǼЧġ
װЦʹʿӦô´ࡣ
һҹ㷴ϰֱ˳ǧΣԲϾ
ֻҪ΢˲Ծɾ룬·ʱռ
治֪ڻЧһ򵽴ﱱҲ˵
Ҳ֪ɾʲôȷѸޱȣȽӡɡ

͵Сһ֮׹ǺɽӦûָƽɽѰѨڣϴ
壬ʲô
ȥϴ峤ļ׼ǣЩӶλչˣ˷ǳʳԣԼȴֻһЩ׷
ǰȥԱߵɽԣ㿸ǧ⣬ȫնһ١
ߵϴ峤ſڣͿﲻؽϴ峤ẓ́һӵĽΣ΢΢Щ˸С
ӣ˰ϴ峤ڰ֣ƵЦ
ʵ壬ҪʲôҪɰô
ϴ峤̾һ̣ɬֵһɹʱ䣬ЩТúġ
ţĿ˸ЦʵӣǸô
ˣһȺ޶ˡϴ峤ҧɫ˸ſ̹ǵĳޡ
ɫƽ˵˵һɱֱţкâ
ԭǼ֮һﺷˣռһСɽͷƽҽᣬĴϴٷԲǧڵĴ䡣
д𷴿ȺɱüȮȫɱŮӶᵽɽϣŰյ
󸽽ʮСֻЭÿϽһĽǮŮˣﺷ˲ûиϾɱ
ȥɽӸս飬ϱͱ˿ˣֱˣŮޱĥ˼ռҹȺĥˡ
˫ǵˮʱҲһЩ书Ӣ۳ĺȴ
壬һöҩʮ꣬Щ˸ɣҹ֮ұ֤һƬ
״ӴָóһöҩϣȻתߡ
ӣҪȥʲôмˣ㲻ǵĶ֡˺ֵ˶֡
ģҲµġַ¼ƬҶӣһʧӰ١
λϴ峤ҲмʶˣǵĿֳһ˿⺢ѵǴ˵еʿô
ǻﺷҲмܷ߱ڣϣƽ¡µҲκðϣϣϣܲﺷˣǧһǬ

֮⣬һ׸ߵɽ壬ӭƮӡа֡
ٶȺܿ죬ֻƬ̼˴
гޱɱ⣬һһӡɫĮȻߵɽ£ضƬ֮ء


39 ɱ
ɽľʢ鶯ĺɽֻԭĵط˿ȴࡣ
ʲôˣ׸ߵɽ£󺺴һ߳Ŀؿ
ۣ
ײ˵һָһһ˵ԴٵŵļϤɱ
Щȫ񼫣մ˶Ѫɱû˿֮ģ鲻һ˿
ʯ׵ɽȥһ·һ·ɱЩͨйȻУɶϡ
ء
ٵĺŽк֪˴Уɽկڳˣ뺷ɷ
˸£ɽկͻȻһХһ󺺴ɽկƿնǰ
󺺳һصսɫضףɱڡ
ιɽѰƣ裬ҶһɱȻǶԼʵǿġ
ƤƽΪİһ
ΪЩѣ̫ܵˣȥҵʲô鶼û
䣡
ǰһɽ嶼ڲһɢĵﶼ΢΢Щ춯ƺܵ׵ŭ
ͷ֪ӲӣҲ޽ȻȴȻһС

Ȼȣһͺ˹ȥ󺺡
飬ʹȫֹ󺺣ͬһ뱻޴ͷɡ
¡¡ıըһ㣬ɽ죬˲ոûһ˴
ɽʯ䣬ʬ壬һķ羰ʤرһĿġ
ֻɱɱ֮ˣ
ɫĮȻûھΣһѪֱţɱʹ죬һХɽ嶶
༸ʮ괴һȥɡ
飡
ɽկһ޴Ʒɳ޳һ㣬ѹס
Ҳȥ
ЦˣɫѪͷߴϰɣȫԡڽɫѪУһȭƸ÷顣
ߣ
һӰڿնһƺߣȻڸղŵг˲СĿȻɱ
ʿôΣд档ײΪȻûƿҲоԵսʤһ𻯺ʿ
նһλߣȻɫ뷢Ʈ߼ȫɢɭȻɱ
֮߶߼֮ǧâ˸նס
޾壬ɫѪȣܱһ㣬ܷһС
Х񷡣취ӡǿһŻڶУ͡
ЩʱڱȵԸӣȻԴһС
𣡡
֮쳹أһͷɳľû޴ḥ̂йâ߼ȫѹ顣
ʲôô޽ôôǿͷĿ󾪣뵹ˡ
Ŀ䣬ӡʩչ˲ͷϿգһȭǿƶԵǧһ㣬
˴ʯͷǱȫ
ȵǳ֮ѪҺҪȼȼѪԼս
߼ӺϼնףбƱȸղŻҪҡ
ײΪɫѪѾȫ߶ûʲô赲ԵȭвңȻһںͷĿϡ
׵ȭͷ޼᲻ݣɫѪΨҶһȭƺƵֱ˺˺ͷĿȫķѣʬ
Ĺ̫ǿˣ˫߸ΣȻǿƵĸɱԷ֮ƣǳ𺳡
ˣȫɱһ©
׿Ŀĵĳ棬һ߾ʬ嵹Լ£ɫĬ꺮һûһ˿Ρ
ԼΪԵ飬Բһûܵһ˿š
ȺľڣȴûˣûаѰյһ¡
ЦемЩйϵĵ۹עصǵ۹˲ŵֻҪ㹻ʿ͸۹Զ˥䣬ͨգǵĿ֮ڡ
ɱȺˣҲΪΧǧİһ£ţʰ׶ϣɽկڡ
ǶؼҰɣѾˡɽկڻŮūˣȫηɽկڣҷ
̾ϢһӴָóҶӣָЩܾѵİա
ЩǧлŽҶ뿪ħߡ
Щղֻ뿪ŵɽկֻʣһˡ
ʱߣɽկӪôʱ䣬ЩɨսһֺϷбҪѹһ


40 Ѱ
ʯپʬɣ鶯ĺˣȻƬɽկȴû̫ܵ󲨼ԭķò
һЩʲôﶼûСʱɽկָ߳װ˽
һЩǮ֮⣬һҲˡ
ͷӷİ֮Уһزɵıͼо׵ûʲô֮ƳɱͼоĲȴΪ𾪡
ƴСıͼоɢĹþȫһŲоȻ˿
ϸ鿴ŷְƴСıͼоȻѪڽɣΪĲϡ
˵ĹʱȴصĴںɱһڽɽѪ꣬ڽɽ
ڽɽʱΪһɽѪڽΪʼԴǵ֮һ촫ʥ
һͷĿȻѪڽϣ˲ţԼҲ֪ͼоѪڽƳɡ
Ҳ̫ɽ޾Ĳ飬Ѱۣһ۷ֱ
ͼֻм·֪ıͼж󣬵ô˵ȻǾ챦ء
װҡͷҲûʲôϣʼԴǹޱߣ֪ʱܼеĲͼ
壬ЩԺ󲻻ɧˣһЩǮƣȥǷһ°ɡ
ٴλص֮ǰǸС䣬Сɽһѵؽ˳
ӣ⡭˾ˣû뵽İǽ鷳ڰز֪˵ʲôá
ЦЦ壬أˡ
ӣпճ˿ڿնգ۾ûӰס겻ѡ

װݱϴ峤ٴλصǡ
ǻָƽʸ汦챦ڶʿϷֵĸɸɾɵʿҲ뿪ˡ
ⳡʢˣµֻߺǣ׿ʿĲпᣬĴ̱ǰ׹ɽ
Ǵһҹʱ֣ĳǣӡգ۾Ӱ١
ɽһƬǽ壬ʬѾɨɾŻѪζ
ϾأʬɽҲ񻰣ʱһܷʬ䡣
ǰǾɳɨʬ壬ʬ屻𻨣һһҹϨ
׽ɽ̤ӡ򼲱ȥ
ʱͻȻгվһСɽͷϣؿԶ
һƬɽû̫ܵ󲨼ԭòԶһɽ崣ïܵɭȫǡ
ѰۣϾͿһĺӰȺɽ֮߮ž²֪١
ڸʮ֮ڣҪҵѨڲסɫأ˫۳졣
վɽͷϣƮ裬һǹƵģ˫Խ޺졣
Ѱݣ˫ģµͼһɽ˸ڸӦɽӣҪ̽Ѩľ巽λ
ڵʱ׾Ϲʦ룬Ѱǽ֮ҪʹãΨ귢顣
Ѳں˵Ҫ䣬ƿ
أһɽ͸һ㣬ÿһɽ硣
ۣ
ͻȻ䣬һھѪɫԵ÷ǳƣǵһʩչѰʱϣܾˣʹҲʼѣѪע

͵ҪסʱڷѨڣֹͣѰһģڵϡ
ģհ
弸ҪҪҹͱˡ
䣡
ת޾˲ûɫѪɽͷۿɼٶȿš
ʱȬʢһʾÿ͸ʤһһս޵У򳼷
о˸½⸡һǰԶϢһò˵ɽ¡
ѨڣͲɽ档
ײҴ⣬Χɽ߶ͣزһѰƣѰеƴѨ
ȫʵĵģνѨҲһͨѰԪʥ˵ȫҲ޷Ѩڡ
״е֪ҲѰʦɽѰھ衣
ÿһλѰʦǸɵϱλ磬ϾģֻѰʦھ򵽡
󲿷ѰʦҲûҵѨڣͨеѰھµľʯӾʯг衣
ãһʮɴСʯпȭͷС裬ۡ
޳һ˫ѰۣмӾʯг裬ҪҵѨڣϴ
ΨΪ̣Կ׵
ϵزƣƿ赲һϢΪ̫ǳһѨ򿪣ʮϢڴݻơ


41 ʵ
˸ɽĵزһƣǰյȥǡʱɽܰûʲôԸ

ͷ󺹣ķдΪһ¾ʮŵƣ΢΢һ
ʮŵƣ֧ʮϢʱ䣬һ³ЧھѰҲǵһθɣȫѰصĲһ˿⡣
棬ǷѨ֮ϢƬ̣˫۶Ȼ⣬ɽĳһ
䣡
շ·𶯣Ȼȴûһ˿Ӧ
ڣ׾ؿŲԶĵ棬ǳһɫ⣬ɫâ޾Ƶӿ
ʮŵͬʱתһµͼѹɸߣ޷Ʋ񷡣
ɣ
ȣѨѾһǣӵӿŻʿΪ֮衣
ǿż侲ʩչѰſһ޾ȫУڵﴦ

һɫϸߣӿ׿УϢ֮䣬ϾȫҪըҲ޷ɸ
⻹ΪΪ̫ǳˣѾʥȫһںͬʱɸ
ϣ
ȫͣ·һԲƵģйѵΣգѰ£Ѩͬһʱ䣬ɢʱǡô
ұҪй¶һϵͰ׷ˡ׽ϵȫڴָڣԾɽ

ɽһȻĵѨ棬ǿ¼ƣžͿʼȫںɵ
ѾɢȫתѰеһա
䣡
ʱʼշ˻ǳ
ɫѪѨյͨƽڽʵǣʼࡢ
ȫë״򿪣һգ׵ڷɿıøΪ̡
ɮ붨һ㣬ҹȫȫ·һ⣬ǿȴﵽһ߷壬ͨ¶ϻһ˿ڡ
Ҫ衣ϴͬʱҲ裬ˮһ㾫豻뵽ľڡ
Щ軹ԶԶҪѨ
£СشѨе裬Ϊʹ
ֱºһεʱ򣬺Ȼоӵһŭ
ȻʱĲ־ھˣȡˡ
ǸͨѰһž뿪ɽ
ܵ裬ȡ޷Ȼֹĵǵ졣
ɣŲ־ڵʶŭΣϲǶ֡
ɽ˰£ػصǡ
ЩӱǿʵҪ뼧ֿʱҪǿʮ
ϧĵ·޵׶һ㣬ﻹû͵ĸоҲ̣Ҫ衣
һҾ¥žƣеĵͼָŵͼϵĳһ˵һվˡ
ţ
׼뿪Ȼ΢üͷ·о˶סԼƵģɫ΢䣬Ϊһ߽¥
Ļȥظо˵ϢסԼʹԼӡҲӲȥ
ߵ׶棬ɫƽԹ˸Լһƣһţ⡣
ǰãҾͲˡ׸Ц뿪
Ҫ㡣˷¿ӣĮȻӶףƽĲһ˿
΢㣬ǵͳΪԵ޹ҪԼʹǰЩǳսУҲĬĬţûгһͷ
˵ʲôô۾΢΢Цʵ
̧ͷһۣɫ𽥱ñ䣬Цѵ㲻Ըȥ
ȥү
һ䣬һаʦʽзʶУҲ޴󰭣ͬʱҲǵͳ߾ʲô˼
Ȼǳǰ·ɡ˼Ƭ̣¶΢Ц
¶ЦҪܣΪܻʿ;ú˲ǰ㲻ǿ١
üͷһʾЦʵǸǰͿɷս
㣡кⱩһɭȻɱסס
ǰҪˣûңҶһָͷЦЦ·ɡ


42 ǧ
ǶϽǣһռĶׯ԰ׯ԰ǧ䱸ɭϣΧǧڲ׼κ̤룬Υɱ⡣
ױׯ԰ڵû̫أﻨ㣬ŵĻϢ
һ·۾͵ֵļɽͳӣιŽ͸ɫ㣬ÿһľĵĲüм԰йϵܣᾣһĻ档
Ҳһɾˡע⵽涼ܸɾһȾ
ǰ·ԣ¶һ˿ŹЦݣȴʲôû˵
˰״һ羰µĻ԰ɫƽؿڵڵ㡣
˵꣬תߣ΢΢һüͷóλƺǰ԰ǳľη
µͷҲ޷ˣ״һ̧֮ž߽԰
԰ǳƯҩƮ㣬һ̲Ĵһ̨ͤ
ˣҵþУһλŮͤͤףö֮
Ůˣ
죬⾿ô£ѵǵĳһλŮӲɣ
ɫŮתˮӣذڣǱߴһ˿ԹЦЦһ˫ˮ۾Ҫγˮ
һɵϢ֪ʱڿУۺɫ԰
ЩǿҵϢκһѪţԭʼԡ
ײɫȻת̫߾ķķܵһħ֮ڻ¡
λС磬ڰˡŮŤ壬һ˿ջ֮
ģһɧ
аһ䣬ȴʮ־񣬲СŮˡ
ɾƪ֪ͬ죬ԼӶԷϸоһµԨ纣ԪʿеϢ
ģɧѵǵͳߣѵǿˣ
ǰǣ΢΢һЦ֮ܵԽԽأȻ̨Բһޱ֮롣
Ů˷ֵؿףʮ֮ңʱͣ½Ųһ˫㣬ڵĺɫ£ԽԵýġ
λС˼ҵȻǵĳŮЦԲؼҪ¶
ȸǰ׼ǰһʧɫģݼǰɫɲͷ·ʲôû
С磬Իūҽȸȸ߿ˣüǽǴ⣬ȵĿƺҪڻ
ǰҪ˵ЦˣҴô࣬ҷ΢΢һЦ¶ۼطȸһ䡣
ȸתΣκβ죬ЦѪʢǿ׳ūһǵһμôǿ׳ء
ж񺮣һޱߵĺɫͳ֮ɫȻ䡣
Ǻ쳾ڵˣײ˺󼸲ٴС
쳾ڣĴֻ̣Ѿ̤Ĺң겻
ⲢǺ쳾ĵطǵԭǣɵĵȫŮˡ
¯˵ľѪΪ˵ÿһ쳾ڵŮ˶Ȧϰٸ˹ʹá
ЩҲʿʼԴÿʧʿ˶Ǳ쳾°ˣ쳾ʵȷǿ󣬲˭ҲЩս
ȻҲкܶʿԸΪ쳾ڵĶ¯ܼ֣˸Ҳν
Ҳû뵽ǵͳ߾ȻǺ쳾ڵˣǰѾԪʿ֪˶˵ľѪ˾ɷĵ͡
ȸ˿۲תЦСǼʶ㣬ūǺ쳾ڵһλ
׸ɰͰЦǰӹǴСû㣬ٺõ׳аɡ
ȸ׸ۣһ߲Ҳȥչֳһۼ壬ɫԹ˵ѵСūҲƯô
Ưү
аŹ̾ϢһǰȻǾɫˣϧаûܰ
ѵ̫಻ɣ̫ûôӿѪСɲҪƭūŶȸһҼģ
ţ㵽ôɣװһſ
ߣ
ȸ͸һɭȻɱȻһŰ̼ˣЦЦؿףЦСȻˣѵô
ԲҶŮûȤ
ūˣôƯŮˣȸЦοūһŮԾ棬ô
ǰ׼ǿǿˣ
ȸ̾Ϣһ۵ɢջЦС磬Ȼɾû˺·ŶūҸѡ񡣡
һѡū˫ޣôǿ׳֮ūҶŶūһôŮ棬񲻺ܺã
ҪӦݹūˣūҲֻܰ㵱һĶ¯Ƭ̼ôǿ׳Ҫ˸ˡ

״һȸ˵꣬Ųӡ롣


43 Ӳƴʥ
ٶ죬˻⣬԰
С˧磬Ȼ뿪ôȸһЦֻܷܷǰһ̽
ɫķɳ˸Īع΢΢һһɹɻɬܡ
ͬʱһ嫵סԲǧɣǰ·һǽ޷ȥ
Щɫɢҵ֮ÿһ϶һĵŮЦȫɫŵ뷢Цס
ĵطѹһһ㣬γһȦȦֲϢǵء
Ԫʿһ˿£
ġ
Ҳû룬΢һ޴ƴͷɳһֻɾ֣ɢױȵܣݺЩ
䣡
ƷǳӣżǿܽƸܲסѹž顣
ݿһ㣬ɷ飬԰ҵ𶯣ɲǼ仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ǻ԰ȸĪֻͨһðǻһ
ƽεؽȫĥ𣬴ѹݺȸ
ʲôʥһȸĵ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ룬Ͳзɳһ籣ݺƶײһ
飡
һ֮£̵³ʮףҲסԪʿһζ
һɹ˾ǣޱȵϢء
ɲǼرɫԲǧڻ촷ۣнǧʿһ˲ͬλҲⷭɣ
ˢ
ױϢȻ̳һȫĵŲӡƬ̼ͳһʱǫ́ﳤȥ
ɶ񣡡
̳Уȸȫ㣬ɫ屻ػҳǣԼɼһƣ֮ղŵǧҪ˺ܶࡣ
ȸ˫¶ɭȻɱոսԪãղһҪؼʱȼ˰ԪŵסƵѹ
ΪһףƲ̹ǵɱȸɢȥһѪɫ䣬һԭʧ
Ƭ̺аٶ׳ʧ֪ȥ

ʱ׳ǧ֮һǳأҲҲı߾
оĳǳǰ棬һƬɽΪΡɽɽһһƬɽ֮Ȼϡ
˿һҾ¥Ų裬ֱ¡
Һʦ֮ǰб֮ھǵ֮һˡ
״ںŲ裬һŻع
ȷǲҲκΣգҪǱһŮ˵ɶ¯ҹȡľѪǱҪܡ
ʦһҲô׽µģŹҪʧΪֻЦЦŴԶɽȥ
һȻϣѩɽɽҪܶ࣬ɽȡ
ѡĵڶطҪ˳ϴǽͿƿˡ
ģôùɡһʮ˴Ӵ߳л㶼
׺һۣɫ΢䡣
Ϊ׵һ꣬Ц⣬ɽ٣ΧŮ׷ײĿ
˫ʲôֹһ䣬͵͵뿪ʥûʲôøУλ쵶ŵʥϢ̫أ˸оǳΣա
תķҪסԼϢ˫ʶޱĿһżʮɾͷ
Ŷδ꣬û뵽㾹˫һЦ۳һߣ׶С
ʼ磬̬غȲ裬ȻˣҲΨΨŵŵһδηκˣҲ⡣
֣㲻ǿѰնôҵˡ˫¶ŹЦݣһЦ
˫࣬һλ꣬һϮ£ɫǳĮһ׷ǳϤϢ
Ѱ壡
пһ£ɲǼ׹ֲûôϵϢϤԭһλѰʦ
˳˫Ŀ⳯׿Įһ˿ɫͷ˵ն
ǺãǲȥնʣǷԸæ˫Цһ˳ž¥
˫ǸĮ֮⣬иʮˣϢ쳣ֲ޽ӽԪľǿߡ
ֵܣղû뵽ܵˡһ˽¥˫ǸĮ׶棬˫ЦЦܺơ
˫ʥӣǺôһ£ͲˡɫȻ뿪


44 Ѱʦ
㲻ߡ˫δڣ˸ŲɫâĮؿֹ
˫΢΢һЦ˵ֵȻܺýֵƢ̫ã㻹ĪҪ
һ֣׻Ȼ΢΢Щȳ꿴һۡ
ɽңҲǶΪʵôǿ󣬶ΪǴнѰҡ
Ѱʦھ裬ó󷨣ֻƾ㣬ɽҾ겻
ĹҲԸ׿һѰ壬ʵȻһ㣬ϵ̫ˣ֪ٴ̴Ѱ裬ٶѰŲ岻Ĺϵ
ɽңʢѰ֮һһλѾ޳ۣܿһйһгٽľ׳١
ԴЦѰҲҪʯȴܴѨ裬ǿԲ˵
׼˫ɽҵһ𣬶ʱȤװһԸģȥɫܲͷ˫Ǿô
˫ЦЦֵܺαôţλɽҵʥѩɽѰģϰһΣѰõıҲᰴձָһݡ
ĮؿףҲ˵ҪһλѪʢ˽ǼܻΣգԷģһᾡһ
ЦƾǰӵŶݼ֮ҲҴԲѣȻԼҲԽԽȤڼʹ˫ߣҲδؿ뿪
˫Ѱѩɽ汦ƾԼѰδزܼˡ
׵󣬶һб֮ټµѰ˫ҲδǶ֡
˫ʱЦǺ˵ֵΪΣ˵ֵڽ𽣶ò⣬һλᣬϣ㲻Ҫ
Ŷ
üëһ˫ʥӶҵĵϸѾּۻô

˫ƶЦ׵ʶʱΪܣֵܹȻʶô塣
үӵȵǼɥʱ
кݺݸһ䣬治ɫĮȻغŲ衣
֣Ǻʱɽ˫ܿȻֻΪ
ܹϣͽɽ䡣
á˫ͷһλ벽Ԫ˷ԸԸȥѩɽκڣΥɱ⡣
ǣʥӡ˴ӦһƮȻԶȥ˫ֻʣһλ벽ԪʿȻ⣬Լʵģκ˵İɱ
ʱóһöƵĵ裬ݸףȥ
֣ǣ˫ʵ
˵Ƕҩüƶɵͨ裬ΨһþЧĴ̼ǼԶ
ӭ˫ɭĿ⣬һ£תɾӿ˲ܽöҩԡ
ǺǣֵǴбȻ°빦˫׶Ц
ͬЦЩ˵ǰ棬ζᱦȻҲ°빦

ҹѹ÷ǳơ
˫һ߳ǣѩɽȥ˫Ψᰵ䣬λ벽Ԫʼո
һӿ£ǰ棬۾Ƭɽвɫâ૵Ȼһء
ز٣ҲǴ֮ءװѰۣϸعѩɽóĽΪ𾪡
ѩɽӼʮޱߣɽҪܶ࣬Ȼȴһͨ彫ƬɽһΪֲֳͬĵơ
ѩɽɽȺߵɽԸߣмƫͣԶһԪ״ֲïʢķˮأضر
ǣ
ѩɽȴЩ죬һɽǳͻأûκεֲҺᣬǴ֮ء
ɽӦΪһ壬ȻһǷˮأһȴǴ֮أĳ״δ
һֿܣǴ֮ϵаڣıɽķˮ֣ʹԭķˮرģ
ģҵ治һĺãɽʥıأôһˮ֣Σպͻ棬ķˮ£оء
ױһߣӴָóԵƵĹߣҡͷʧЦ
ˮƽҲҳѰķˮ۶û޳ɣɽˮƽҲ޵úܡ
֣ô
Сʱֹͣ˿⣬ͷһ麹飬ղŵҲǳ
ɽҸղݳɽǴ֮أҪСġ
ȻĮͷ׿һۣеĳɰܣ


45 ⾪ϲ
ˢ
뿪λ벽Ԫ˴ӿн䣬̬˫˵ʥӣѾúˣǧػɽţǴǿѩɽ
˫ͷ¶ŹЦ⿴ףҡͷ̾ϢԭΪŽѾ壬û뵽ܰһæֵܣҵĸǡ
ʲô
Įı䣬ޱȼָ΢ָʵŽ壿
Ĺŵ޵ʣз塣˫ЦЦ˵٩
ȴ˷ܵͨ죬ٵ˵ǼŽŷǳܵϵ˰˷ְյõ
˫һԵ棿
ں̬ȣƶصͷҲܵõҾͻΪʼԴǵһѰʥʦ
˷֮ɫΪɫĿⶢףݺ˵˫ǧߣǧܡ
˫⸱飬Ҳ֪׶жҪãЦַģֵܲɵܵġ
λ벽ԪɫĮȻǰһ׵ľ롣
зŰۣʱߣҲߣȻŽйϵҪȥ鿴һˡ
ߣǳ࣬ȳȥ
˫ױ벽Ԫʿм䣬ͬಽǵĲ
ʵȫðµıɵˣȻԼѰȻɽбп֮Щˮ׶ǰ棬Ҳһ¡
һȺߵٶȺһͼÿʱͣϸ鿴ͼԼΣ·˺ܶڹѪЩѰʦЩ˵ܱа
ԹۣЩֶΣֻ̫ʽѰĵӣ̫·ˡ
ǷһһͻأɽﲻǴ֮أݲһֻҰӶ
ûһͷ޳ûƺܰȫѰԶȥֻǰǧﱻһźɫ֣͸
źƽ˸δ޳ɷˮۣȻҲ޷ɽʥӣ֪ڳˣ˫ǰ߾ͷǳΣˣҪս׼
˫Ƶᣬţҷģλʦּ赲һеˡ
ȷŵʸ벽ԪʿǳǿѰԪʿû԰벽Ԫƾ֣ѹһɧ
ַһɽ壬ɫͻȻ΢䣬ָɽϴһʯ˵衣
裿˫ҲЦˣ⵹֮ϲ
ƾճһĶ̵Ų߹ȥҲ¶Цݣʯ㷽ԲʮɣǱ´ĥķǳ⻬ܸоŨԼ͸Ҳ衣
裿˫Ҳסˣ쵶ŵʥӣÿҲͷָʮѣԣȷƵ֮ϲ
ʿǳҪԻһǧҩﻻﶼԡ
ͬʯסˣѰϸĦʯͷּѰ
ʯͷô򵥣߻иõĶ
һԲɫƽؿʯ
ŵΧʯͷתһȦأгһ裬ܿѰʦĹ
˼ʱſʼµٶȼ죬ʯм߷ɣƬ̹򣬼ʮɵľʯֻм״С
˫ͬЩţʯͷѾп֮ûг裬е㻳ıˡ
ˢ
ʱһɲǼâ䣬гȭͷСǶʯͷϣȱ
ֺñ¡˫һ޵ʵȻ߹ٱʯѧģѰʦѪУĹҪ͵ʦҲѡ
ͷһ㺹飬СذóĹâķŨ
֣δã˫Цʵ
΢΢һԥӸ˫˵ҵĶ³֮л
л˫дϲæŽԼĴָ֮С
ʯͷеֻʣСûһȥһۣȻ豻ȡʯͷͱһĲֵķƷ
ʯͷǻҪôȻ׿˵
м֮ɫôʯ裿
΢΢һЦ˵һЩ̺ڰɣǲҪ͸Һˡ
˫ЦЦ٩ֺôΪ𽣶̫һȻһʯҲŹ
һȺ׳ա
øǶ죬Ц棺ֻʵѣЩҲǿ׳ҵϣøҡ
ͷذ֣˵ȥҰ£һ㼸衣
ȶлˡ׺ǵ̬ȣСķʯװָ


46 ħȪ
ɽһȺվһɽϣɢȥԲʮڳ֮κλ
˫֮ɫװѷʯװָУ˫ҡͷջĹŰԾµĽ壬ǣˣʸΪԼĶ֡
ˣǼ߰ɣܷطϺҳҲ֪ҪõǼǱӽˡ
ĲͷϴߴҪ·
˵ϺҲѰ壬ɽԼлĹҵӰӡ
ֵܼȻҲջķᣬǾͼ·ɡ˫λ߶ףǰ棬󻹸ʮʿ󲿷ֶΪ
Цеͷ󲻽š
еķʯУһ٣öҲδͬ⡣
ˮ۶û޳ɣοҵҪλ٣ܿǿʯڣһʳָСĸ״
ȻƺСһ״ԪʿĶΪⲻ裬Ǳ
һģȻǳ٣ЧҲҪǿܶࡣ
ʳָС̺ƥٽ衣
ٽ裬ԪʿҲĶڵΪԴѨеֱǷḣҪȫҲҪˡ
Ҳ˾֮Ϊδ˵ػУǰǧڱεĺ֣ƺΣգȴȫֱ֪̫ˡ
ǳǿ󣬼޳Ѱֱۣܱ׻ȻȴûκηӦԽԽǵģһ֮أˡ

һȺַһͺͺɽ壬޾յسǰһߣ֪Ҫ뱻ֵˡ
ǣ
ǽ뱻ֵǰ˲Ϣ䣬ֲïʢ̸дУ·һƬʢĸء
Ȼɫֹۣ߶üͷŵĽ䱸š
ǼĿȥ·ûоͷľͦΣżܴ޵˻ͨ˲òȻΪʿޱУ˲䷢Ĺ֮
ǷҷʻҲãͦεľҲգԶһֻеسŲݣȫûаĲ
Ƭɽû˿ȻǰľǴסˡ
ûֲûĶޣô͸һɭζ
ʹ˫Ҳսط̫аˣһ紵ùﶼǺ⡣
ˢ
׷ǳѰۿȥǰľʱһ䣬лԭʵĻ档
еȷǼٵģɰɫɣЩޱ֮ѹʿʵ
׹طܷӳ˳Ϊ⻹ΪԼŽԵʣ˵⣬ʵܷӳɾͲˡ
֣﾿ʲôطƬ̫ѹˣѹҵΪǰһĻ̫죬ǻҪǰô
˫ؿܣһĨں֣һľնأһɫʧ١
΢üͷϸ˼ţƬ̺Ȼ¶ޱȼ֮ɫŲˣǵĿĵأƬħǾѰˡ
ħΪδδ˵ҷһʣѩɽƽʱʿܶ࣬ѵûзִ˴ô˫Ļüͷʵ
̬ȣЦŽ͵ΪħոγɲãıѩɽķˮƬɽ֮أһǾ۱裬һǴ֮ء
˫üͷһʾ˵
ͬú棬Ҳ֣Ѱ۹۲ѩɽĵƣﱾӦʢ֮أιʱģ
һ˿ȻŽ͵ħÿͻһΣÿγֵĵطȷֻѰʦܷ֣ͨϵʿҲֲ˴˵ء
ǰԼѩɽд䣬һѰʦǳҪıҹ鿴һҾħκ˶ܽģûѰʦѪǸͽ
˫ԾħûȤɽѰҵıҲû̫Ȥ֮ЦȹϲԸħ̫Σգ쵶ŵõıǲҲҪһЩ
ܴػֻ֣ҪܰѰɽ޳ṩʮ裬ÿһβǧ


47 ħ
˫ĿһǺЦִԵ棿
ЦЦӴָóʺֽǩֻѺӡһ˿Լľ˫ֿˣ
ֹȻ˫Цݣŵ־ܷģĳȫõ
վݣ˫쵶ŵĵλ͸ȹˣʥӣÿҲʥӣÿʮ껥һѡµʥӣֱѡǿʥӲܱȷɺ
˫վݣͿԵõҩߵ裬ͬʱҲȥ쵶ĵĵطȥ֮ʥ֮ȻѹȺۣٴεѡʥӡ
֣ħ˹죬ǰΣգ˫վݣһؼ⡣
صصͷֻǾħԵκΣգԽԽ룬ͻħЩħﶼħȻɣǳĿºͿֲ
Һôͷ˾ħôʱ䣬̫ǿħҾҲ¡Ϊǻ
Цúܹ죬ͻȻָָס
˫΢㣬΢Ц޽ѣܰʲôæô
ףɫӣðβŵЦĻȪħϲѪʢ࣬ŽѪʢ޷սʤħѪһ
ġ
һ䣬ֲ˿ԼԭԼǵһŻŻɲ̫ãָʲôʱͱ˺Ʊˡ
˫ƶЦϣǲ̫ǿħںȻֵܺȤɾֵ̫ˡ
ѪЦһѣﵹҲ컯
һԲ浽˽ҪͷɲһнЩȫɵ߳ħˣӵѰʦȥ磬οѰԼ
£ĬȻžħȥ
˫Ϊ˱ʲôħ쵶ŵһȺְǰߣڵڶţ׽λ벽ԪϺԼס
ͬһʱ䣡
ѩɽ֪ԶϺУһϮµͻȻУ˫˸⣬ƺᴩ˲񷣬֪˺δ
ãȫ𣬲ϵױޱħȪٴγˣλϹֶΣȻǰݳħȪλã֪λʲô
δ䣬˲ʧС
ʱǰλһϮ׵Ůһ֧ģӴĶ봫̨˲ǧ֪ȥ

ĻȪƺޱ޼ʣһС磬ҪԶѩɽҪö࣬ͬʱҲƽħ
Һ˫Ķ鶼Ǿ˴Ҳûһ˭Ҵ⣬Ƿڸǿħ
ħȪûкҹͰ֣֮ÿʱÿ̶ǰɫգǳѹ֡
ҿкпֲħм־Բʿ㱻ħ֣˫ǿаǱƳħ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ͦεĴ£һ𣬻ûһ޴Źħ
Сģǿ֮ͬǰħɫ΢䣬˵

һѤõڿз裬Ĵֻ飬ߴɣħǳǿ󣬴˲سϯ
ˢ
һ벽ԪʿˣһХѣɳһӣϸ֮²ŷȫɵɣһ㽫ɵ顣
ٴγХӿɨܵħһ˿Ŀܡ
һЦλʦʵˣǰĵǶˡ
Ȼ
λҡͷأǾħȪħܸܵڸиΪǿħѾеΣԱлҪܶࡣ
ĿɭȻس׿һۣЦİɣǻһƣŽѪҺǰȫĿĵء
׷ۣͻȻüͷ΢΢һеظов˴գۼħﱻɨһգһȺʵĶ顣
һҲоˣɫ䣬˵ãҪӿŲˣû뵽ô졣
˫˲ˮҲѰԾħȪĸ֪Զˣ˫ʱʵ֣˵˽ô
ɫϺȺˣûԽħȪϣӣҪñȻء
˫ЦЦʢϺʥŮŶݼ׺ͷˮ£лҵʶһ¡


48 ֮Ů
һʶҲ޷ϣȰҶñֵΣֱκ
ģҴӦڡ˫΢΢һЦһӣžħȪȥ
Ϯǿʼά裬ħͻȻöʵǿħҲȺӵĳˡ
飡
Ҫ
ٴ˫һȺµħǣÿһͷħǵʵ֮ǰ
ʮ˵Ķ飬ʼˡ
ڵʿȥЩȫ˫ĵϵÿһ˫ͷ۲ѡ
ȫ
䣡
һɱɽٶϢ˫ɢһ˸ź졢ơɫĳüķɳգ۱ɰɳɭɭͷųױȵѹ
â䣬âǳǿңһʥ¶
ʥ
һݣһʥֻ벽ܴﵽʥһƷ뻹Ҫ࣬ɱķ
λʦҴ߶ʥ˫ȫӿȫ䵽ɫ浶֮ϡ
䣡
벽Ԫͬʱ֣һע뵽ɫ浶ϡ

ɫ浶ââת糵һеħǷ׷׻Ϊݿһɨһħ
ʥͬ죬˫һ߶ħգۼ䱻
˫ɫҰףջɫ浶óöӽźķѵ
ħȪûֻħ޷ֻҩ䡣
ʱǶˣΪʲô֮ǰһЩҩȻҪгʱ裬Ȼûпʱ䡣
ʮ˵Ķ飬˽֮һȫʿĴ̫ˣ˫ܲ
֣ҸĴ̫ˡ˫Ŀüͷ˵
ؿƽʵ⻰ʲô˼
ÿһλʿ쵶ľӣûɽ
˫һλʦ֣һλҲ͵ʥӣʧĵȫĵϵʧȷ̫󡣡
ûдǹҧѰ۳ħȪȥоһͷֲµħڸɿԪʿ
ģ˷һʱ䣬ͷħȫ渴ˣʱʲôֵ
һ䣬̫ԼİΣҲħȪˣҲԶԸһͷǿħˡ
ʱɫҲֱֲ˵ҶǴˣûҪĨǡ
˫ƤȻ˵ʮߵʮ꣬Ҳ˵ʮ֮ɽҪΪṩ裬ÿβǧ
θ̫ˡɫ΢䣬Ц
Ѿһϣܿûҵİ㲻ҵĶ֡˫죬˵
İҲõǼġʱӼԶһŵޱȵش뵽ÿһ˶С
֮⣬˫һɫ΢䡣
ֻסѰʦܴޱħи֪ϢڸղͻȻҵѾˣ಻ǧɡ
һ֧ʮ˵Ķ飬żֻι״ķۣԶХһɹǿϢӷͷų·ʾ
ͣסһҰɫķϣվһλƮƮɫĮľɫŮ
ŮԼʮͣòֻ۹д־ǿ;ǧ֮Į
һȥͷ΢ΪŮͫ׾Ȼǳɫģ˸˿˿â
ɫ˫ķˮۣĶ޳ۣԼѰۡ
ѰʦУָ˸Ѱļλ֮⣬ֻϺҵŮˡ
Աߣվһ׳弡ᣬ˱ըǳҰԡ
׳ϢǿԼ˫Ҫǿһﵽ벽Ԫľ硣
ϣһλ벽Ԫʿͬʱжʮʿ档
Ķ˫Ҫǿܶ࣬ƾ˫ڵʵͲǵĶ֡
顣ضߵ׳˫ҧгݵشĳۡ
ûǸҡ׳Ц¶һڰû뵽СѾôˣ쵶ŵʥӣôư
ҲûĹźҵĺʥӣҺʥӺܶ࣬òɡ˫Цԡ
ƨ£ʶĸϽѰһӣ۶˫
аЦ׳й۵ǲֱϾλҵĺʥһλˣ˫֮
Ŀһֱɫ¶ʺͳޣЩȻɽʥӣһֱѹһͷ󲿷ΪǳΪѰʥʦıȻĮµŮ


49 űħ
һѩ͸ŵףվڷһǣһ仰û˵
ԽŭĮԱУߵѹô
ЦʲôҵĹƨʥӣʲôʸѹô
˫ɫɭȻɱһţĿϻߣĳһκˣȻһҷ㡣

ɫ񷣬ʥ˫ͷĿ⿴Ƿһսԡ
Ħȭƣ˷ܣһɿֲĲͷųٺֱЦС밤ˣѵ㡣
飬ǲܵġʱڿ˵Ȼݺǳĺ
Ŷ
׶ߵΨǴӣԶʱƣվһԡ
Ŀɨ˫ˣͣϾйһ˿ʣͻȻڵǿߣˡҪ¡
˫ͬʱɫ䡣
Ϊ΢ĩھħȪҪױȣؼʱܱһ
Щǿ˰ɡ˫䡣
״ӴָóһƻеسƺȫԼûκιϵҲ΢΢һ£˫ƺܿһһȥܿԼʡ
죬ϻǵȻı飬˵ֻһھħȪѰұӦǣ޹˵
Цﱯ˵Ļ
Ϊɫ˫˸âϣλһ棬£ڱ˭õһȫƾֶΡ
С
Ȼܾ˶һдãѪҺǿħݵʧһҲ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦԣǼ˫΢΢
һ̾ƽ˵ִֺⲻϣֻͷҵļλǰˡ
⡣
˫ɫ䣬ϸһλ벽Ԫʿʵǿ󣬲򲻵ѵʱ˶Ը׷
ã£ߡ˫˼Ƭ̣˵
˫㡭ŭһ
˫תߣ쵶ǵĵӽ벽ԪʿͬĬֱ뿪
֣ʶʱΪܣ˵ʹûŽ壬ĳҲİȡñ
ݺݵؿһϧس׿ȥ׺ȻЦʥӣ̫ˡ
㡭
˫ѾԶĿɭصһףæ׷Ϲȥ
˫ߺ׹վһԣ΢ЦŹ֣лȡ
΢ֿ̾ˣ䲻ǻĹңҲΪԶʼڼʮһλ޵еǰȣλǰڻĹ޵Ž塣
΢ЦΣջҪл
ȻһЦ˵ʲô
ұħȪҲ֪߳ȥɷףҳȥأ
δ˵ˣЦСӻ˼ͦ˳Ÿ
ЦǺǵû취˭Ƥء
ã
ûԥſڱӦȻͻȻ֮䣬һľ޺쳹ħȪǵصħϯأɨ񷡣
űħˡ
䣬˲ϰͳħȪȻʼҲûҪȥ͸оͷǿħＴʱ˭ʱȥ
֣ûʱȥҪٵһˡ˲䣬ָ˴ݲ֮ɫ
л
ЦЦ̤Ϸۡ
ϸش׼ۣϧѪôʢȻ⹷յ̫Ҫˡ
һ仰׶ͷ˺øУЦЦ޷Ѿϰˡ
ֵܣҿ˳ۣԺҪǻĲȥϺңұһ١Ц
ɫ˫⻪͸ޱħ·ܿǧ֮ľ
ƮƮһ㣬侲ϷǧﴦűħǾħȪΪǿħĵعػġ
˼˵ɵͷħǾܽĵعȡñˣ
һҷϣһλ벽Ԫʿʵ
۾ɫâʧڸ֪žħڵͬʱشűħ£ʥҾħȪޱħʱЩħΪá
޷
һλ벽Ԫʿ΢ЦţǴһʥԶԸűħ
Ǿλǰˣ³֮һгŵġ΢΢һЦ㵹¡


50 ǲµ
ಣ
ҷھħȪڴٶޱȣ;ħѸٽˡ
䣡
飡
ȻʻԼǧң˷ǿħͷų֮ǰűħͷŵĿֲϢͬ
ҷȻֹǼ벽ԪʿˣǻһűħȻҪǳͷűħʹǶʥҲ޼£˫̫ˡ
ô£ôһ˲ôűħˣ㲻˵ħȪֻһͷűħôһλ벽ԪʿɫѿҪʮͷűħΧǱɡ
ɺܵһĳɫâɢ΢۾֪ʲô
ϣܸһ͡һ벽Ԫʿɫѿ˵
ЦͷűħʥҲҪޣοȺˡ
űħֻһͷֻѾ쵽ǽħȪЩϢȫģֻһϢʵġ
ԶССһЦʣľűħٸϹȥɱȫ渴
΢üͷһ㺹飬ȫݾűħʵλãƬ̣¶һ˿ΣҪһʱݳλá
ֻһʱþűħȫ渴Ҫɱ͸ˡһ£ҡͷЦ
Ϸǧ֮⣬űħͻȻһֱĬ׿˵
ˢ
ʮĿͬʱȥһλ벽ԪʿЦƿСҪſڴƻƣ㶮ʲô
ͬؿףΪֱڲԼоλҲһɵħϢϢħ֮ڣָԷ֡
΢΢һЦʼ˵Ųţ޹ˣֻȻҪһʱݳħλãβȥһء
һλ벽Ԫʿƾʲô㣬һѣΪ޵µŽô
ؿһףɫâ˫Ŀ˫ֲϱȻĪͼȫݡ
ȥ
Ƭ̣ϡ
оܲ˼飬ѵһ޽СʿֻƬ
ɫƽ˵ȥһֺη
ǺãߡȻͬ⣬˼ʹҲᵱ˵ڶ֪ҵϲ֮ǰԸһհΥҡ
пܼ֮Ϊҵٷˣλޱȵ磬˵ֻǺʥӣʹʥҲĵλߡ
ĹźĹҲ̫һҵļֻɺҵӽΣʥֻһʽѣΪͨ쳹أҲֻܳΪҵһλϣȴԶܱɼ

ҷٶȾףϷٷȥһ·նɱħ˿ɵ
űħȷ׸׼ȷλ֮Ѱϸݣһ˼ؿڽе
˽䱸׼սһλ벽Ԫʿɫأ

ɲǼ䣬һһɹħ纣ƵϯǰһƬ֮ɫ赲סǡ
ƿħһλ벽Ԫʿȵ
䣡
жʮʿͬһŷ飬Сģ߶ɲǼԼаɴž˸ŵ⡣
׹ӿŷϵ쫷֮γһƬƬ׹ٲħϤ顣
ǵص׹γһɫǰ濪·һ·ѹȥħħȫĻлΪ촷ۡ
ǰʥʮʿȫ߶ȫ򿪣ɨǰϰ
ϣ㶼ɫؿףɫ˫˸ĪҪʶ˵ꡣ
ʣǲµġڷϣЦһ֣ſֱˡ
ֵܣǺҲµģûסţۻһ䡣
ֵ˲¶࣬޽ΪѰȴǷ켫ʰ·硣ͫ׻ָؿףǵȻ
ЦҡͷĿޱȵϣҲµģҵƷȽϺðɡ
ôҲɡ΢΢һЦϾˡ
ͬɣ˵Ļһ˵˵űħʵλã
浱Сô
ֻײԸ˵Ҳ׷ʣȻԸͬǹ֮Ҳġ

飡
һֻצ̽צǳǧɴСһ¾ס˷飬ɫ˲ʧһ˿˿ɫĩצ
ۣ
ʮʿ۹㶼һһھѪ
ˣ׶һݣͷűħڰͲס¶һ档
ʵȻǿõİʥҲɷ飬֮ͨ󿰱ʥ


51 ħű
ԺɫצΪģ޾ħӿűħϢڷ˲ʹﵽһϢĳ̶ȣ˵Ϣȫѹȥ
ˣ
ǵķͻȻ΢΢һһٺɫۣħϢ
ѰΪίʵ̫ڶѡ
ȻʮڣԭҲǾɾ޵֮Ůκδ˵ǾħȪʿսʸûС
űħħȪΪǿħȻֻһҲչ¶޿ɱս
ֵܣϢôħͷųǿϢȻһХͳ˳ȥ
һȭնŤ޾ӿһڴͷȻֻצ
䣡
ͬʱλ벽ԪʿҲͬʱ֣һɹǿϢâ貣ֱ
û˿̽λ벽Ԫʿ飬һǿһ
ڼŤƺƵܺɨһУһǵأѹֻɫצ

űħŰ˻
ֻɫצһɽƵģѹצħй
ߣ֪
Ȼ䣬λ벽Ԫʿٴδ߶նѹصϢѹ졣
¡
צըѪⷭɣǧɳצ˲ֻʣ۰׹ǣǿɾ֡

űħʹҵ˻ͷӴӣȳޱߵħ֮Уʣµλ벽ԪʿҲͬʱűħĳѨ
¡¡
̼䣬ս죬Χռ䶼ò߽⣬ħŭ羪һ㴫˹ȥ
ڷϣӴָóöЦô
ɫ΢Щţ߶Ȼ׵Ц鲻ԽŤͷȥֻ׿ˮԵýζ
ɫ˫һ˿棬µѵһ㶼ô
ȻһָűħʵλãѵҲɺϣ
ˮۣܿһȻʱȴôҲ͸Цݵӡ
㡭һ㶼ôǰˣҲˡһһ˵Լо˼飬Ϊǰ˫۷·һħ˴ĵײθС
΢΢һЦﱣңҾûܰȫҾͷħûг׸δ䡣
ô֪ħδ׸Ҳµôɫؿ
ȻʼЦҿûı£ֻǾħѾ׸Ͳ˷ʲˡ
ȫ˵ĻܾѰԼҪԽԼ
ֻƾô룬ҲǵʼԴһ壬ʼԴȻޱ޼ʣڵѰ£ô࣬ԼҲӲ˵ּҡ
ѵҲµģźɣϹɢЦݵףԽ׽
Զڱ˵ĳХħŰ˻޾ʾսļҳ̶ȡ
һڴͻȻתŷɵУɢ⣬޾ѹɢɢħ
ħһɢǰǧڵĳ׺
űħǴһҲˡЦص
ǧ⣬һͷīɫצħԼǧɸߣɢޱߵħһֵĲƣܸһй
ڰУĹžһ㣬ֻצչĴƵģϹ鼸ˡ
ò˵űħսǳǿսƬ̼䣬ȫˡ
һλ벽ԪıһֻצݺѹסӿнɽѹƾδҲ޼¡
飡
߿еĴӷֻһ¾ײצȻ˵ħԣħ֫˲ͻָ
λʦ֣ͬ߶սӡʥͷͷӣȻһȭĻ棬һ˹ȥ
ħ˻һħޱ߻棬ͬʱһצɨϡ
ۣ
۹һѪǧɣȫɷ飬ǹؼʱͷӴ⣬ֻһҪҷ
߶ʥа벽ԪʿŭȫԡѪ̶һսҲ˺صˡ
ħҲ֪ͷĴӶмвһŭһħһϯӡ
䣡
սӺȻⱬ䣬ۼ䱩ǧٱ֮ȫܻȼգ޾ħڣص׻ɽһ㡣
ʥܵΣգԶ뼸λʦֺ߶սӣһӴӴ㵹žűħ㵹ȥ
죬޾սӻǧɴСһ˲û˾űħ


52 սħ
أ
ħڲϵ߽⣬ս̺Ļ̫𣬱ȷҪ߳ܶȼħǳӲҲ޷ܡ
ʥȫ߶ɫ԰ףǿסսӣϣһɱħ
ռŤźȻ飬ؿһ㣬˷ǳ𺳵ľ
׺Ȼڼǧ֮⣬Ҳܸܵȵ¶ȣҺָɻصϢ˵ΪǶȻֵסġ
ʥƵķȻ׳һħȻǾħȪΪֲħȻʥҲûл֮

ħ˻ǧɵڲϵڻǹħȴڲϵļû֮ǰǰ¡
׵¶һ˿֮ɫҺܼʱħλãȫ渴ǾǶ֡
΢Ц˵ﻹҪлһˣȻǺҲµģҲôΪʡȴٹ򡣡
΢΢ͷɫ棺Ҫ裬Ҫұ١
׹һЦлˡ
ԭűħ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ȻһϷʵЦֻ
׺ɫ糣ѰʦھħȪˮ͸Ӧ˫һ˵Ϣ
ؿһףɻѵҲһ͸Ӧô
ħȪڣͨѰӦ˵ϢѰʦеı£ѵҲһλѰʦ
ϻҲ޷͸λɫꡣ
˫ǶһȺʿλ벽Ԫǿߣ緢¶Цݡ
̵ְⱾ˫Ĵ㣬һȺ˻ƴħȪǿħȻ֮
˫Ļ¿ǵĺ꣬ϧȼݳħλãȻٸǡþͿǰһĻ
䣡
սٴӿӣǧɿռ䣬ħ˻ԽԽСۼҪɱ
Ȼͬ͸֧ڿҡڲȫѪ
ϾʥҪķѴȥ߶벽Ԫʿ벽֮ңǵһ㣬һ޷һ
û뵽ôͼˡ˫񣬴ԡЦݡ
ɫȻĿǰȫ
˫ϿԳһ˿һţЦǺǵűħȻǿǿ֮ĩˡ
޼ɵشЦʥξֶأĵعڵıֻңҲֻҡ
С󡣡ƮƮպ¶һ˿м³֡
ǵͨ죬ȴֲĶ֣һƬģŮҪʲộ쵶Ŷסɽ
ɽӪ꣬ҲģֻҪ̫񣬼ʹҲûɶɽ֡

Ȼ䣬һɻɬصħͷųնѹսӱħɣе鼸ȫѪѵصɳȥ
սڿУɢӣѾħ޷˺
ã
ɫͬʱ䣬ͬʱ˵
֣űħϾҪе߱䣬Ƕ
ɫ󺧣ٵ˵
׵ɫҲޱأЩ˸ܸоűħı仯Ҫͷ߱䣬ٽϾħȪ޾ħʹʥҲҪޡ
֡
˫ܹϣ;űħƴܾˣǰͻ䣬ǻһԣδ֪űħħԽֲ֣һҲˡ
ˢ
˫쵶ŵλ벽Ԫʿˣɫ浶˫âɣͷųɭɭɱ

һǧɳĵɨűɽϢɽѹһ㣬ݺݵħϡ

ħѪһأ˲佫ħİӸɷ顣

ħŭԽֲħᴩ񷣬ɫ䣬ȵ֣ˣ
˫ɫһھѪɫ浶ϣʥ׼ǧɳһȥ
λ벽ԪʿҪӿȫ߶ʥ
ۣ
˫ѪΪȼվѪ˵˾һҲħԵĴĲͻȻֹͣħŭռŤǧɳβɨ
أ
βɨȫɣѣδ
Ȼ
ħδѾˣɢûһֻƬ̼ޱߵħָʱ߱䣬ֳ˶һ


53 ѪȾɽĻ

ħһХܴʯħӿһƲ塣
һɻԵٴϮ
ɫ䣬ڲ黹˫ȫʧȥսûа취ֹħħ²ʱħȪͲаˡ
ԦôɫȻƽʵ
ţ
һӭƽ˫ŵȻ࣬Ծصͷһᡣ
ǺãǼԦŷ۳ȥħûлָԪ÷ײ΢Ц
á÷ۣײȥ˼ؿףúܴҲˡ
׸ܵħ𽥻ָ룬һעϡ
ಣ
һɽƵĳħ
鷳Ҳһ°ɣһ˵ޡ׷ۣѡ
õġ
Żع񣬻˫кԶԶϵΪṩ
ӡĿɿڴһ׼ˣħϾͻȬʱӱȻ·һ
䣡
۹â䣬ЯױȵһΰĴɽҵشħؿڴȥ
ۣ
ۣ
һɺڰħϮаϢɲǼ˺˷۵֣ޱħΧˡ
׺ɫͬʱһһھѪͬʱ
û˿ԥͷ˿еɳһ߶Ķ̰ضħԴȥ


ħ˻ȫħըƵɢ׺ٴܵشؼʱһ§סɽХħ붼ϣһڿھѪҪ
һϮȾͨ죬·Ŵˣ㶵رױסһǿ׳ĻžͿǰ˿ѪɺĿѪԼһǶô޺𺳡
һĻӡƵҲ޷ǡ
Ѫʢõ廨룬Լħ˻е缱ٵС·ֻʣһˡ
˵ɳȥιѣȫѪ
ʹ
ʹ
ˮģ˫ۣʳ˼̻ӽ§ףݵؽеף㲻ҲҪ
䣡
ʶӽԣ־ޱȵļᶨתɾڶʱ˻ѵļڿٵĸϡ
ٺ٣һûôЦЦﺬѪݣ˵
ҲȾѪһ־ĶǵУ׵֪Ϊ͵һֱסףʣû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
㱧̫ˣҿ촭ˡôһǧĵŮţҪƽʱһǳҸ飬ֻˣòϵļݺһʱйѵΣա

ߵͨ죬Сʱүү⣬ǵһм֮׵ˣˡղŲؾ
һĻ
ˣ޷
룬ĵ׾Ȼһ˿׷ֿǰȫԡѪˣһ˵㺳ķ
ʱû˼ЩתɾȫˣҲ˲þףӴָóһֱ
븹Уɾ֮ȫ̲Ѫ
գ۹ƾͺ˴롣
Ŀɿڴֱʳ裬⻹ôѵֱô
뵽ͷһֱ裬ѰʦеֶΣѵҵһλѰʦ
䣡
ƽȬʱ򣬾űħɢħħȪܽ⡣
ɢ˲䣬һɫĹڿʱʱ֣˵еľĵعǰ
ĵع
ܵűħɢٶȸϻһ۾ͿڿΡĹ
صĹ·𲢲ʵ壬ڿгһƬõƲʡ
ΨѰʦҵڣѰ룬ʥҲ򲻿ڡ
ףԸҽȥҧ촽Сʵ
΢΢һЦȻȻҪȥģǷҾûҪ
׹һЦŲӡһƵĳУѰۣѰҵڣһʧˡ
ͬʱһؿ׾Īľĵع
һλѰʦѾ޽ӽѰʦϵˣȻͬһ㡣
΢΢Ƭ̣׵¶һ˿ЦݣͬķʽûУͬ˾ĵع


54 ĵع
ɶǿɶ񣡡
׺һǰһĵعԹû޳ɷˮۣҪҵعڣҪϸݺͼ㡣
ɫĹгͷųɬѹԻĹ֮ħȪ˺ܶΣȻֻһλ˵еѰʦɹһȥ֮ûþͳΪѰʥʦ£ܽشս޵֡
üͷȫݺͼĵعڣʱ˫Ҳ
ȫˣҺķƥ̼ͻָһ˿ȻȫĿ׹سԷȥ
ߡ
˫ͬʱЦҲھǶֵĺʱһСľͻ쵶źͻĹźҵķ˵ĵλ
ˣʱ󼱣ʹ𣺡ģ
λ벽ԪʿҲɫƣҪ⣬ǶҪᡣ
ЦѾĵعˡ
Ѿȥ˰û£Ѱ׳Ҫܶࡣ޼ɵЦС˿ڣɿȳһѪ顣
ɫ࣬俪ڣҲø̫磬ѵûִ˵ػһô
΢㣬ųһֵȥˣ
ǶƭˣҲһλѰʦ޽ӽѰʦĴڣֱʳˣһ˾ĵعĶ֡
˫΢üͷɫʵ֣˻棿
ûغߵʱбҪ˵ôѰ˫Ƕˡ
һλѰŽ壿˫۾пӿޱߵɱΪͻȻоһ˿ѹ
Ž嵱治ܴôΪοѰ˫дɣ˾ģ´μףԥֱɱΪԺһ󻼡
ȴûô࣬Цֵĵ˺ģΪôô
ɫ࣬һȥᣬüͷרѰҹڡ
ʦܣİȫҪģһҲȥĵعɣӦܰһλ벽Ԫʿȵ˵
ţǺϲŮˣҪúñҲúʧͷӦʡ
һԼܽĵعôûҵİǶ޷߳ħȪ
ģҪǲǽȥҳȥ֮ɽɫ׺ݣ
ӣӦ֪ǺǶôҪϣܴǽȥҲϣɽǷʲôᡣһλ벽Ԫʿ΢Ц˵
ɫԥջǴӦˣɽȷﲻ𺫼ңûҪΪģⲻֵá
˫ۿһУʲôû˵ֻĵعɱףһ޹ء

һ鶴죬ԭħȪһ֮أ֣֮ħȪ޾ħȴǹľ죬ҩҷͨĲݵضǴɫģƬ޾ȡ
һԴڣھ죬ޱɽ֮䣬۵ľԷǷһѵõиء
ƬԴһĹǺɫ˸ŽӲӵĹâƽɵһ㡣
νľĵعѵɼżôϧħȪÿֻѣжû취
һһϮɫҲϴĸɸɾʥ࣬ڳӡ
ӣ˵ΣûлͷЦŵ٩һ䡣
ɫ糺죬Ĺ¶֮ɫðʧĻ޷Уϣڴˡ
ЦѣﲻҪ֡ЦЦذѽһҩժŽ׽
ȫë׶ȫİ˲Ȭתɾҩȫȣָȫʢʱڡ
¶ȻЦݣһСƵɽҰرܣ顣
ţסˡ
ΪһȦԲʮҩ˳ˣ׳Ե⣬޵Ǹõط
аֹԼϲôôУɵִ
ףôôѰʦ趼ֵõọ̃Ƭɾôʹļף䲻̾
ҵȻ˵һ䣬̬Ҫƿ軹ҩǱزٵġ
ܸоƿ֮ԸУÿһνȻҲޱȼѣҪķѺҩ衣
̫ˡؿ棬ûһ˿١
ҡͷʧЦһĨķ飬ضΪ֮ݡ


55 
ƬСڣﻨ㣬жŨҩ㣬һֻˣȻ
ţܸﳤشҲһõ顣
Ѿ˼ҪѵƽƵĹб
״ָװҩ棬һ˿˿ëȣȫҩҩЧ
׵ģҡͷʧЦֹӣôҲһλѰʦҲ̫ѿ˰ɡ
Һ״ʡ
˼С쾪ȵֹӣѵҪǿдô
γԣһЦʵ
ݸһЦٻʢЦֹ̫СҲǺܴġ
Ŷ
֪ŽҪþ׻鵤γ
Ȼ׺εȿ£ӲΨһֻ
ʷЩŽ岻ܴһҪԭǾûĸúȥⳡģʧܵļ̫ˣҪȷҲ̫ˡ
ֹ㲻һѰʦɽĺ԰Ҫ趼УҲֹӻᲫһѣȻǾһĳԡ
ƶЦ¶֮ɫǺǵǹھ£ĳ
˫һ˿ǺϧС˺ֹࣺܶӣ㵱ҪôȻΨһƳİ취ȻҲ̫Σˣ΢ʧͻٲ
ЦЦû˵ʲôԼõͲı䣬ҸҲǷ֮ûҪ̸⡣
ֱ飬Ҳֻĵװ̾һ˵˵ĽȷûԽĵĵزиֳһ˿įŻһת˫ƽһľ޴󹬵
ֹӣʵҲ֪ĵعʲôȷѰʦĸء
ֹѰʦĸأÿһλʿޣ𽣶춼ûôŨû֮ĹĶǣȫԾǱޡ
չնЦϱ˵ĻɲǾΪ

Цֹһλзȵˣ֮˵ѰʦʥأΪʮǰһλѰʦĵعõһ߳ȥͳΪѰʥʦĹҶҪâǾ£޵С
ͬѰļ޵ȷԱȼܣɽΪ֮ãнΪԼֻҪؼ䣬ͼڲܡ
־Լ̫ңԶˣѰʦ»ᷢ飬ϹʦԼģײ׼еľϣҪȫԼΪΨгΪͨʿпܲࡣ
ô˵Ҳ֪ﵽʲôҲģ׹Ц
Ц
Ǻðɣһȥﱻҵõҿûϧ֮ŶװЦ˵
ЦˣͷֹӷİɣԵߵ֮õ޻˵

ƽ𹬵ǺԶƬСǳ󣬲ľħȪСҪϼ֡
ħȪȻһõطΪûʥ룿˲ŶߣٶȺܿ죬ɣһǼʮɡ
ħȪĹųʥ룬ǰһλʥǿнħȪħȪ˲䵮ͷʥħλʥʳ
ֻдʥ֮ʿ˵أħȪģħҲ̫ǿ󣬷쵶źͻĹźиֽˣﻹֵõǻˮ㡣
Ϊ׽ͣӵȻԸ˵ģʱǳĿ֣̲סҪ˵䡣
٣һͦ˵ġ׺ȻһЦؽһҩװָ
¶Цһﻹ̰ᣬһ·֪ժ˶ҩЩҩֵģҪȥУۡ
Щɳҩ˶ûжƷ¸УÿһҩԱߣһͷǿػżͷųһ˿ͻļ¡
ֻҪȥժЩҩ˵صҲǣͷųѺõϢ
㿴ѾΪε˲ΣҲǻʮˣʳҿЦģֱ
װػʻض˲Աһͷ˫İ׻ȫɫƣɢһױȵϢѹʵ
ģϻϢȰʦֻҪֲѲһͷ壿Ҳֲ̫ˡв޵뵽˲޴ŴЦںɫ޻ͷϣûаƢ


56 ƽ𹬵
籡ɺеķ裬ҩķҷıǣһֻ˲޴ŴɵɵЦݣ˫׻߻ȸԾ
Ϊε˲ޣνǿҩκζҪ󣬼ʹʿҲ᲻ο׺ˡ
û뵽ǱΪε˲ΣӦʮҩˡųʣ޼۵䣬ҪȥûĹҶҪ𶯣ǶҪڡ
֣ǲģ벻Ҫתͷǡͷ˫׻۾˿һۡ
˫׻¶ɱŭ˼ûУҲ׺ľսľ
һɲ뢣ͷųһ˿Ϣһȼգܱ죬Źǡ
壬һʥֲþħȪΪʥķĹ﾿˶أ
롣
ÿħȪͻʼԴĳطҴҰٴʧ٣ôʥʥļµ˵һɾ죬Ҳ˵ޱߵ
ħȪħ޷뵽һѰʦܽ롣
һеһУôغ͹죬ʮ֪پɾ޵ǿҪ̽ܣȫ޹ĹҶ֪ħȪĵϸֻ֪ڻĹŲδֹ
ͱĥˣǲǻֵĶ֡׺ȻһЦߴϽ·
һ죬С͵֣û˲ޣˣҸ㲻һ
գգۣһ˽ı飬Ц֪ƤҲòڮ
ͨ죬С֣˵ġ
СƤ污һ˵ţͬʱѽµһҩժһ
ĬĬЩˣϲô޳ܣԺǲҲҪѧˣ
ֹʲôã̫̰ˣŽ壬ҪҩܼУԺҲҪŬˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ׷ɿذһҩװڴָ˹ȥ
ԽԽӽƽ𹬵ʱһȺ˴ǡ
Ƭ̺˫Լ˶ŭˣǷַǿԲժҩժˣֻʣ°ظвҩͬһժߣȳһ㣬ʲôûʣ¡
ģһ׺ǲժҩ̫ˣʲôû¡
Լһǿ߶ĿⲻƵؿţһɣС˭أٸҳһ䣬Ӳȱ㡣
˫Цλеҩײժˣû뷨ôЩҩļֵûĹҶ۲
׺кøУԼϹˣû˲бȥץ
˫Զͷһߵ˲ޣĿҲ¶̰֮ɫٿ˲ߵ˫׻ʲôͷ롣
һ壬쵶Ŷǲ𣬻ĹźҲδԸǣÿһλʿ壬ԸʼԴǵĴڡ
׵ȷˣⳡ컯һ˵ģԻȥҪӦõһݡһλ벽ԪʿɫȻƽ˵
ʦ赣ģǵһݣҲٵġ˫һλʦͬ˵
ҧЦϣλҲҵһҪܵõⳡ컯ҲҴǵġ
ַģǶˣҩҲǲܵģԻ˫΢Цǿ
죬Цһվû˵ʲôкøв٣ҲûȥֹǣϾҲ̫ˣɽҰܲժҩôһҲа

ȡ
Զǧ֮ףȻһ磬˭ڱأ
УѾƽ𹬵£һɵ̨׷ҡϣֱǧɸߵɽ
Ρɽϣƽ𹬵شţ֪˶£˶ء
׵Ļһ˫۾ЦСЦѾˣҩժĸɸɾ϶㡣
ײޣߵô֪Ҳժģ㲻Ҳô
ͷܵͣ棺ֹӣ֮ǰ˵ˣҲëˡ
׸Ц˭ҺأǶͣСҲֵöŭض̫ˡ
СһɳɳΪһˡ̾ϢֿЦֹӵ޳Ѿ豹ˣ޳ܵӣͦȤ
ˣǻǿ߰ɣҪǱ˫׷ˣҹƾˡ
һЦʱ׷װɣҼǵøղֹӽڱؾ֮󷨣õĻѰѰľȻܵͣҲǿġ


57 ʬ
ѰҵŶݼ֮󷨣ҲѰʦһ
˵ÿһλѰʦҲʦѾ޽ӽѰʦҴСʹϹʦѧˡͼѰ˲ƽ𹬵ıؾ֮ز˼󷨡
󷨻ۣ˫æҰʱϡ
ǿײ󷨣ʱҲû˵ʲôҲϣЩ˲Ҫǣһ̽գԷǳ̼ϣһӾôȥҲܺá
Ŵɵ̨׶ϣ׶ȥȫȣһ˫ֺݺ̽ȥҪһ̨ס
ֹӣǡȻ뵽׻̰ĵز̨׶Ź
飡
̨׺þȫҲûеóѣ㬵̨Ҳ̫ʵ˰ɡ
Цʥ֪˶꣬Ҳ֪ʲôɣôױóѡ
̾ϢҲûëϧ̫ˡ
ȫŻƽ𹬵ȥһ·ϣ֪ǧɿС
ȥֻǧ֮Լɼγһס˫ˡ
ˣΪޣҲֻסǰʱѣǳʱڹкݺѹһϣܼʲô΢΢һЦ޻ͷ
תͷףֹƬ̣ɽۣߵƽ𹬵Ĵſڡ
һ޴ޱȵĹͨӲӵģɢҫ۹â·ŲԹԡ
Ӷشﲻ֪ꡣ
ֹӣ쿴Ȼ֮ɫ
΢üͷСҽǽڵǵۣȻоǿսʥºۼʿ
ǺﵽʲôطĹŽħȪͻȻ֣ʮһأҾȻսĺۼһжôĹأء
ʥĴžسţûһ˿㣬ĽγĶԱȣҼž
ǽȥЦʵ
һ˿ţŮԱ¶ɣɵֹӣ᲻Σգ
֪ʼ磬΢ЦȻѾ˵ʲôҲҪȥһۣѰͨס߳ȥڣһΣգǿʱ롣
󾪣ѰȻزˣֻоѵΪѰʦ
ЦѰʦкܳһξ룬ҲҪǿܶࡣ
ʱǺܸлϹʦҪǱԼѰۡôԼͻɳͷ׵ķҲûС
ҧ촽¾ĵֹӣǽȥɣ˵ء
˵ãбҪһһ롣װ뿪Ц˵
šͷ
˴ȫ񣬿ƽ𹬵
䣡
һĪϢֶƺХһ㣬ӿڻɣûһ˿
׼ʹֻ޽ҲѾڰɵӰǵߡ
ǳտǽŲһ㣬Ե÷ǳʵ
ֹӣ׹ǣˡܣмʮʬǣûƤ⣬ֻʣɭɭ׹ǡ
ŵôһ˫⻬Сֽץס׵½ǣ
ҲĪսЩˣȻˣҲûʲôҩԡ
Ѱۣϸܡ
ɫâͫȻֵı仯
ɵɲǼָҸһͨȻ֣ȷղŲûС
š
ƽ𹬵ǳĹŹ֣ҲԽĽʱָҲϸǼʮʬǡ
㵨ôС𣿡ץԼ䲻ɿڣ׷ǳ
⻹λʥŮôһСŮûʲô
Щɬɿ֣Լҽʮ꣬СҲȻ
Ҳʮꡣ׺Ƥ˵Դͱһλ꣬ȥʮ궼ûС
ӺӱҴ󡣡һ䣬ȻĴֹӣĺù졣
ӦûʲôΣգҪΣգǸղžѾˣһָЩʬ˵
Щ˵˭ҲƣȻмʮʬ壬ȥëȻ
ɣ߹ȥһ֪
¹ݺǧ꣬ȴϧܡһ߰׹ߣӲĵһС֣ʲݣȻ֮ǰǿдġ


58 ǵ
¹ǣ
΢䣬
Ȼ˺ܶ伮Ҳ֪һЩʷŵľǿߣδ˵¹Ǵˡ
¹ѵǱĹ¹ҵĸ֣
ǰĹ¹ҵľţʱۣ·˺ԶѾɣû뵽Ϊ׽͵
׹ڻƽ𹬵Ѿ֤࣬¹ǰǶôǿ󣬶һ߰׹ǻĽâһ㡣
׵¶û˵һӽߺװָС
޵ֹǺˣ¹ǰۣӦᣬֹ֪׼ںδ
û૵õϰ̫˷ˣһǿߵʬǣԴ촫ʥ
ɫһڣٴθ߹׵޳ܡ
ʮʬǣǿЩ˵ģºܸߣһߡ
̾ϢЩǰǰ۰һʱİҪ֪ԼʬǱɷ治֪θ롣
ƣʮǰݺľܣһܣȻҲˡԽԽȡ
ʮʬǰǶ֮Ĺҵľǿߣÿһǵʱ˽ܣȴڻƽ𹬵﾿ʲôأʿԽ롣
׽Щ˵ʬȫװֵָúٺֱЦ˵һβУջ̫ˡ
ԣëëʲôʱܸĵأ˵ʬǶŹ
ǡ
ƽ𹬵һվʬǣʱɫȻ䣬
ս޺ֻϧ޷ܴؼ塣һСֱ˴˵ݡ
档ȥʬߵŰݣ˴
ֹӣҵ棬ϣܷŹ˼ҵĺǣҴؼᡣ
űӸЦˣҾ̰֮Ȼ棬ĳλǰĺء
Լܴ亡ϸܵѰʦϢһλѰʦѾ޽ӽ˵еѰʥʦѰʦзһ
飡
ﵽ˲飬Ѿõ̫౦ˣǸ뿪ˡ
ĺǣ᣺ҶΪѾ뿪ŹǣȥȥѰѰհ壬û뵽
ǰʥɣ˵ҲʥΪ΢üͷͻȻʵ
ͷӦţҵţѰ˵ãΪҲﵽû䣬һѾǰ벽Ĺˡ
һطȷΣգղķһ飬ÿһߺǰǾǿߣΪ
Ҳ˵ʥħȪЩƾŸͨӲȴֱصĴڸɱˡ
ܻɱĴڣ붼ëҺΪǳֶѰʦһĪĴڲδ֡
ֹӣ뿪ɣȥˮ΢΢Щ͵ضŴ
ҸһͨʹѰҲ̽Ѱκܡ
׵Ը֪δؿðȥ̽գҲѾõô౦ˣһСɷꡣ
΢΢һЦ˽ңҺȻ˲̫̰ģӦ֪㡣
Цֹ׬Щҩһ궼ûҪѵ㲻Ӧӷȣһͬ̽ô
ˡ֡šҪܾɫȻ䣬Ѱȫתɫ粻˺ôһŵһ䣺ġ
ҲƬС쳣֮ǰԼյڵλãȫоˡ
ֹӣˣʵ
ɫѿ˫ɫâȫȣɾƪѰȥѰСĳڡ
ˣ
ױɫѪ˫۳дŽɫԡѰȫݳڡ
ѰʦϢʣͬΪѰʦظо׵ѰѾﵽǷ켫ĵزֻ벽ܿѰʦ֮Լ游Ҳֻ˰
ģʧˣȫ޷ݣѰʧЧˡһʱ䣬ײѪơ
ԭžô౦Ѿ֪ˣνѰʦزһȤûУҲ߲ˣڱ׺£޷ݳ
͵Ц㲻㣬ֹʧ˰ɣעҪһ̽ء
׺ѾͷǴڶסˣʱΣա
䣡
ȻʱͨںȻ䣬ɾǿͬʱ׺


59 ޵д
ӴͨͷųĴ󺣣Ͱ˲ס
ˢ
˲Ϣʱ䣬ͱһɫĺһͨڣգ۾ûӰ
һǽɫƺƵޱ޼ʣԼɢһϢµǣקסףƾηҲ޼£һͨڡ
ȣ
֪ͨʲôΣգȫ緢һҩΪ
ԽĿֲֻ벽ƳɫѪɫһ
ԾǣɽɫѪһױȵľͨϮǰһھʧȥ֪
ģˡɥʧ֪֮ǰкݺһ䡣
ͬһʱ䣡
䣡
˫ͷɫ浶ɫƿԼҵһǿҲ
˵˳Լ裬µĴ˫˰ʱĳɼ԰
һûƳСʿʿ벽Ԫǿ߳Կ£ҲΨһˡ
ѰʦĴһס˫ҧгݣкⱩ
С̫عˡҵǿҲܲһλ벽Ԫʿһ
֪ߵغΪƾѰУõҩҪϷ³쵶ŵİ벽Ԫʿɱǣͬߵ
˫ͣЦλ˰ɣʵ̫ˣѰʦһɳΪѰʦʹ԰벽ԪҲһս֮ϣλҪɳȥһңܼ¢ˡ
һ仰˵ģ֮⣬ȫ¶⣬зɱ
״ˣã
䣡
ʱкȻѿһӣһɫϯ벽Ԫǿ߶û˿֮˫ˣ˲ɫ֮ڣ֪

ɣ
׻֪˯˶ãʶȻһĹŵ·޾£ǳĹϺͲɣ
ˢ
֮ʶѸȫ緢ɫѪϯأɢ嫵ܡ
ҿǣ
ܣܺ󣬼ʹһ᲻ɽҲò֪Ȼ¶һ˿š
ʱɫУܽɫ貣ϢеͬʼΪڿٵ
վУֻһǵ棬̧ͷȥһƬĽɫǿգûб߼ʡ
ȻЩ𾪵ԭеһ˿ֵǣǰԶһͷ޴š
滢ͨɫоβǧɴУ˵ĸоǳ𺳡
ûпɢʲôƣԼܸоⲢͨʥѾԽ޿ƥеĴڡ
һӻ𣬴˫ĸоΨҶİԾѹǧ磬ǳġ
׿ЦѪ޵еĴǰκηͽ͵ġ
ԼܲʹʿҲס޵һ
СˡɫУһƺƵĹŲɣ
һȻСɽƵޣܹǰǸ˵
ϻ㻹ôһ˿ͷܸоõ޶Լ޵ɱ⡣
׵ЦԽĹĵЦԭǰС˵Сܳ
ܳƨʵ˶ʮ͵ôһɫһδ̫
˵൱İҺܲȻ׷һ˿Цͽѡ
һ
˶ʮꣿ

׸飬ӵɵûԲѵ޿ƥеشڵŽһĵ
СһҲˣʵʱ䲻ˣҾ콻£㾡ȥ뵱걾ʸսεİԵţǱʿļ䣬⴫治봫㡣
߶߶һ˵Ȼز׽һЩ
ʣ޶Լ޵⣬ϲĻ޿еˣȻһλŽ壬һǴɵŽ壬£ΨҶĴڡ
ǰ˵׺ܿЦ˵
һ˵µĲʵ˵ȷŽ壬ĹһλɵŽ壡
⣡
һͬʱϲԼ񵽱ˣħȪ˾ȻһλŽ壡
Ĺʱڣǿ֣׷һ·ɳհԾ£Źǳƻ棬Ǻεȵˬ졣
˫룬ƺ˾ԶĻУײҴţվš


60 
ƮĽɫУһ޴ޱȵţ΢Сͬһֻϣվ޵Ļ䡣
ʼԴѾûһ˿һսսصóУȷǿĶ֣мҺ˶Ҫޡ
˵ĺƽȴľǣŽһսĴжǿһܻ֮һƬЩڣѾԱ֮Ϊˡ
޼֮ҷʼԴǣ˵䣬ӽ֮ʺŽ
֮صʼԴǣһСֱ֮һʶʼԴǣͬʱ˾ħȪ
ͷԭħȪʼԴǵĲ
ʱѾ䣬Ҳ˭һսʵǰ˵һʶؾħȪħȪΪһ壬Ϊ˵صˡ
һʶ˵Žһܵ㣬ȥѰңǾŽһħȪܴС
ʱҺܲ죬Ϊ˺ܶأѰʦܽ룬ʼԴŽҲܽ롣
˷ּÿþħȪһΣһĴˡ
֮ǰǼҲǿ룬һĴԽԽ֪Լ
ҺҴ֮ǰȵ㣬ȫеҵȵ˾㡣
ͷʮǰλɵŽ㵽죿㵽Լܽ˵أ
ˣλɵŽֱ̫ˣ֮ͨţ˵еˡ
ѵɱʵĻ޵һ䣬ܿ׵ģܲˬ
ױһǰܿҵģ
ϻôҲǾħȪˣֻҪھħȪڣҾܿġ
æЦǰͨ
ƨʲһס˫һһգǳ޾Ϣ
ʵʻصʼԴǺ˰꣬ǰ귢Ҳ֪
޶˶٣Ϊ׽͵϶ǳ˾ʣ򡣡
̫˸УʮѾ뿪ˣĴ޽Ҳûٻͷˡ
ˢ
˵仰˫һɫ佫֡
ûжҲûз֪Ƕͽ͵ģƾ֣ۿɼһƵӿԼԺУһƪģԼȴֲܲ鿴
ŽһеķţõȵΪԪ֮޵
׷ֹۣԪѾʼԴǶǿߣô̫˰ɣ
ԪҲ֮ΪǿߣЦСһ֪ƨԪԶǿ̤еżδ·ܳҪΪ޵ˣʹʼԴҲмϹŶţЩһǿߡ
Ȼ
׳࣬Ҳеľͷϵ֮ϻʲô𣬼ʹȺ飬Ҳ֪
֮ϣȷм֪Ҳûãʹ˵Ҳδס
š׵ͷʾ˽⡣
˫ЩСûɱ뿪ˣЩ·ϵĥʯȻᣬȱ١
׵ͷ뵽Ҳһߣæʵǰλްɣ
޵жһ˿Ц⣺Ȼû£һλѵĺô˺
ҵ棿
սȷһλ˽ܣϣΪѰʥʦڴ˵Ұ˰꣬ԸڴˣΪزסܣ͸¶ȥ޵УҲһ˿˸С
ЦЦ֪˵ʲô
ҵ˴ߣҲԷĵȥˣôãǼį޵ޱȲɣŽѵ
Īеһ˿˸УȻǰѾʮ꣬ѵߵ˾ͷ
ûвϵɣǿܹΪھħȪܹʮ̫꣬ˣˡ
ҵѾˣ㿴Ҳֻҵһʶѣûг֣Ҳ᳹ڡ
֮󣬾ħȪ㣬һĴ㵤ԱߵĽɫУ˵ʵȷܲѰԱߵĽɫŷǳأҶ֪ʲô
̺ǳȫôͻɳΪبǿŽ壬Ҳܴ·һɾ
ŵ
ʱһöɫѷɵǰţɢصϢ
СӣδĺӣƳ֮ͻᵮδ޾£ԶߵĳŮˣֻҵĺӣ޵սޡ
׿öԼڣڵԱߣɲǼڽһľͱȫˡ
ɫһڣҲ̫ܳ˰ɣ
ȣҵĺӻڷڣʳȽϴ󡣡޸ɿһҲЩ˼


61 ټ
һöɫѣӨĹ⻪Ө͸ɹһ׵ԣһ
Ҵ޽һѾħȪĴڽɫ֮Уҹưûлٽˡ
ǰЩ޺ҩҲҵô۷Ź⣬뵽ЩҩɵЦͣ
ţȫġ
ЦЦǰЩһҹûΪͲؼŽħȪֲǵĶ֡
׷ۣЩһǺǵģػ˲޵˫׻Ҳ뢡
ŮҲõսĴУҸղѾصϺһλùҲһϣ㲻Ҫ
׿Ц
䣡
ʽˣ
һ㣬ɫտʼ޾޴һ㻯ޣޱߵ˲Ϣû
ǰ
״󺰣Ȼ޲ϵŽĻԻͣϵ˥СһԼŬɡ
ޱߵĺڰףԼоħȪΪһ˿ĴڽɫС
¡¡
Ƭ̺Ƭѩɽ𶯣ɽͬʱ촷ۣ֪ѹ˶ޡ
֮¶һ˿
ǰߺã
һ´һ̨˲ȥ
ȥɲǣƬѩɽȻʧ·ŹǱӲĨȥһ㡣
΢ķ·ûһ˿ʶѹѩɽһС
ߣˡһʶЦǧռ䣬ƺʶżķ֮ġ
˼ʮ棬ƵѹǴʲôڣһʶңԶĿռ䷢һ̾Ϣ
ܶĨȥˣԶ֪ʲô
޷Ϸܲ龳ͨݴ˵ؾ󣬵ʱ˵λ֡
龳ôͻƵģ¹Ϲİɣܳ龳ҲֻϷ򡣡һʶЦ
ߣ
ʶͬʱʧѩɽֳʼԴϣ·ղŵһֻǴ

Сʱ
׳ڴĻʳһСڡ
ĻʳڣѩɽΪȻϸʵһɣ˴˶ܹ˼ɶԷʵѾǧ겻սˡ
СǺۣܲȴ൱Ĺϣֻ֪˵ؾסһλǻӣѾСΧ಻ɽ
һͨյķӣ˼ƬҶӺһ˺ܸ˵ó׷ӡ
ˣϣʼ˵Ϣ
һξħȪ֮дӹɵģҲ׵۽ΪĿ
ͬʱҲ֪ϲ޵еĴڣǿɵŽҲ䣬кεǿ飿
ײ֪Ҳ룡
ʶӣȻڣϵԼľ׷ǳΪ˷öѣս½ɡ
ħȪ޾ҩﵽ̲ʲôܣܸоͷ޶
ɫһƬ磬ΪӵʸûУֻ֪ħȪĴ
˳׿ʼ˼ж
һЩ֮ͷؽ𽣶죬ƾŴӾħȪڵõҩżȻõ㹻£ҲԳƿˡ
ھħȪûŽƿҲûж˵Ҳְֻ취ˡ
ƵγеĵһȻΣգҲġ
ǿĻۺɾ֣۶صƶ̸ԭ
ҲԴ
ʰ飬׻һһ߳ũСԺĽֵϡ
ʱƻѪͻ
þòζˣھħȪڴôãﶼˡ׶ʳûκεֿڵʱͳʳϳ˱ǿ֮⣬һĿǳԱ¡
СʢķׯŲ߹ȥ
СǺܰûʿķѪȣ϶Цݡ
˵˵غܷΰܺãλĻӻЩ£ܰСľȻ
ˢ
׸ߵׯſڣй⻪һŴ򿪣߳ˡ

Щ˺΢΢һȫûϵȻ
ȻˣֻС΢΢ţƺ̫ˡ
Ů߻һλʵ꣬ɫ棬ϴźЦݡ
ŷϴ
Ȼʶǽ𽣶ʥӣҲĵӡ
ŷϴȻСǣЩ죬Сʲôطֵô
ִ磬㣿ûɣȻִ硣УϬһ㣬ĿһƳÿҪŶס


62 ʮ
ˬһϮۻӣ˵գޱȵ
УȻףʱ¶ϲЦݣҴҵؾͱȥ
ҡͷһЦתȥ΢ЦСѾͷôˣ
˷ЦݣôҲ벻ףɫȫЦ⣬Цŷʦְµģִ粻ȥôô
ûй¡ʼЦ
ʱŷϴЦݣһ߿пʮ꣬Ҳǽ𽣶һ̳
׿УкȻֱЦղŷŷϴһŵһϵϢ˫Ҳһ֮
ŷϴΪ𽣶ʥӣλ˫൱ҲΪν֮ӣ緢
ʦ塣ŷϴ΢ЦѺá
ߡ
ЦȻԸôУҲþܾЦЦŷʦֶض񡣡
ŷϴȻЦǺǣֻͫ΢΢һʮȴ
һλЦ֪߳ܣΪԼ̫ɽķôҲǰ䳤
ӿ÷ŷϴѵ⣬ȥ棺ʦֽȻǵĳ𽣶ŹɭȻݲ
ŷϴ˵ĺˮ׼˵ڻ̫֮δˡ
𽣶Ķע½֪𽣶ŵӶѾ֪
ڹȥ˰꣬˶Ƿܴ䣬ΪԻĹźһеĽ塣
ŷϴԭȻЩģ쿴׻û˿ͻƵļʱſġ
ǷҲı䲻˷ʵ
ʱ䲢ŰΣȰ֮кܶȥʰ
Ϊӿ˱ŷϴһѵ⣬æͷϴ׵ĿȻѱĿ¶ġ
ҲŤͷһۺӿܲ˵ٶִ粻͹ؽ𽣶ɡ
ӿʱһЦЦű⣬ﲻλСҪǷŭ̫ϳ϶Ҵ
ЦЦ赭д˵ôһƽϣֶҲһʱڿѡ
һֶֻѺӿɫǺ죬κɫƵؿǿŭ
ˣԶҲ˰ɣ˵Ǵ˵õķׯһԸɡ
ðȸԾЦ
ŷϴ΢Цʦ롣
ŷʦֶ̫ˣܲá״Ц߽ׯ
ʦ֣С̫ˡ󣬺ӿС˵
ǺǡŷϴһЦû˵ʲôҲׯ

żڣµĲˮм̳ӺþƣԵĲֺʱƱյóǳˡ
ŷϴɫֻǹϢŨˣ׸֪ǷаЦһ˫Ҫ£̫ˡ
ʦ壬ҾһŷϴƱЦݡ
áЦЦƱһ
¶ǣ׶߳СѾͷʵβԶǧҪʲô
ʦ壬ǱǸҺʦǴģϵشԡ
¿ӣֽСɾЦȻһζЦʦֹ֣ûʵĻͱ˵ִҲˣһ֮ҲòŶ
ŷϴ΢ЦС˵ǡ
׷ۣ֪ΪʲôϲһˣŷϴĻ̫ˣϲŭɫֵԸԲϲ
ִ磬ʵҲûʲôһʮӹƣһλĻӾΡ
Ϊʲô
ĸ׵ļԽ𽣶жǰù𽣶ȣ˵ԼΣڵϦϣܴ뿪˵ԼԸ𽣶죬ӴĻʳ޹ϸ𡣡
΢΢ü˽𽣶͵ڵ˴Ļʳһ⣬ưոݡ
ߣֱ˵²͵ˣǽ𽣶꣬Ļʳʲôӿߡ
΢Цֶ̫ûˣڷȥվţûҵ׼
ʲôҲҡ
ȥСֺݺһӣŭȵ
ʦܣȥɡŷϴҡͷü¶һ˿ŭ
ӿɫһڱ䣬վǲŷϴݺݵس׿һۣԸشվſڡ
һɶ֪ͲˡĹĺߵ
СѾͷȱ֭׹һЦղ㻹û˵𽣶ͲµĻʳôҲһʥзǳƾã̲Ƚ𽣶


63 Ӹ
Ļʳ꣬Ƚ𽣶컹ҪϣĴ֮һĹҶð
һۣĻô׵ʥбضԵɡ
һڹ֭ЦȻʱĿᣬЦ˵ִ磬֪ĻʳǷǽ𽣶һ飬ҪһĻӦòʲô¡
ЦЦСѾͷҲ֪ɣʥ޼۵ģʦôһĻأŷʦֶɣ
ŷϴ΢΢һûϵ׻Щǣ˵ƭһƫСʦûãԼƭס׵ġ
ûʲôȻһЦͷϣСʦ˵ĵȷ׼ȷǣʵΪ˸̸һ¡
Ŷ
üëһһ֭ŷϴͫ΢΢һһϢһš
ȻңƷ¸УĻʳ󳼶ĸоܲεʵĿľػشĳǣָݡ
ŭʦ֣Ϊʲô˵ʵ
ŷϴ⣬͵ʦòҪҵı⣬ʦԸҪ㣬ᵽ˵
ߵôԵô
״ȤȻǣҿɼǵ㵱˵˶˵ĳ£ĴǶԵġ
ƤһЦðɣִϣҾͲƽˡ
ŷϴɫӣЦЦһҪлʦˡ
΢΢һЦŷϴʦּı˫ᰵƿشĻʳô
ŷϴҲЦʦ˵ʦļӣδܵǻΪĻʳĵʦʥĵʦʥ𽣶Χ֮ڡ
װЦĻʳ꣬ʲôûСƭùĻʳĻң
ҲĴɻ۵Ըôֵ᷸ͼĴбȻԼ֪顣
ŷϴҲ֪ʲôλ־£Ԥ֮Ȼս
ƹѮ˹ζгԵ̫ˣҪȥȦ
ŷϴæЦʦã㵽תתɣСС羰ȴǼõġ
Цʦְ㻹ȥݷùưɣҺִһ͹ȥ
ˣŷϴֻ΢ЦǺãʦʦȥй䣬Ҳġ
ִ磬˷ܣ׵־˳ȥ
׵ֱỬ۵СסҲ΢΢һ漴Ц㡣
߳ż䣬ŷϴɫʱ޾ӿ֣ǿסɱ
ߣ
ӿߵǸʲôõģһƾ
˵ˣҪǵҾ㡣ŷϴޱ飬߰ɣȥһơ

Сڣ羰续ļ紺һ羰ŵСǣİóԶĻʳССȴܸԣ
ڽй䣬óСѾͷܸˣߴߴ˵ͣҸЦݡ
ִ磬ȥˣ˵ɽʥı磿
״ŨŨĹĺͽǣж΢΢һЦ˵СѾͷ̽ܵı¼ҳɽ
ЦҲڵ˵ģִڱڵõʲôô
żȻõһЩҩ裬ȴ̫ࡣ⵹ҲǼٻɾ֮⣬ʥıȷʵûõЩǱɵǿ߹Ϸˡ
ִ磬һһЩ裬Ȼص𽣶춼㡣ɫЩį뵽ҪԾ䣬ͷǳġ
ȻЦСѾͷոƳΪʿǴҪʱ
ʱؼһӴľأǳ֮壬ͬʱǳ֮תΪΪҪ޽ǿٱֹ
֮ʱʱڴɣڣʿǿһǿˡ
ʼԴôãʿܶ࣬ҲʥȫǻԵɺϣʿһӶԵһʥ
е裬ǵԼðɣҪǾòԸҪมײСѾͷʧɵؿ˵
Цţжأǿıء
׹һЦأǰЩӽʶϺҵһλӣһʣҺܶ裬Ҫǲţص𽣶죬ó㿴
Žɣִ磬ʶϺҵӣܶ裬ߺߣҲš
ƷȽϺСѾͷǲţǻȥø㿴׹һЦ
ð
Ҳܸˣ׵õԽ࣬˵ԽϣƳ䡣
ףÿεСӣССǺʱôƯĹǹªˡ
٬һλĹӸһȺӶĿϡ


64 ֮
һܽػȻŮӣҪΪˡ
ӽֽǵһ࣬λӳһȺα뺷Ѫǿ
ϰտĹӸ磬û¶;µı飬ǶһЦ
Ƕ˺󣬲Ҫűӣ֪ĻΪǿŮءĹӸҡȣ
ಢڣĿһرʣ˲ԾؾͻøС
ЦЦδӸУΪܲ˲޶⣬ҲǿϷ
ȴˣߵ˵ӣһȥ
ǽ𽣶СĲ࣬Ȼη塣
ĹӸ΢΢һЦƤ߹Ц㣬ȴԣһĵġ
һ׵˵ִ磬ߡ
΢΢һЦ˺ĺڿ佱㣬Ǿô̫ûòˣλ̨޶⡣
ڻһͲʲôˡӸܲðݺݵһۡ
ЦЦȴôΪ竵ĹӸǳˣԼо̺һɼǿǳľˣܿʥֻûȫա
׾ħȪһۺѾ޽ӽѰʦ֪޵ǿضĻΣա
ѰʦصԣѰԽǾҲԽܸоѰĲͰ
֮΢ǣԭˣ
ԽоӸǳأԶǱϿô򵥣ǶԷ̺أδţ鲻ԽؾͿѰۣҪ
һ۲ɼعдֱ£Ӹϣһඥӿڡ
ǳ֮壬ⲢûдҲֻոڵСʿѡ
ǳͬ죬Ƕ֮˵е΢ǣ
΢ǣǿصĹǣǣ΢֮ʿӹŵһⶼ
׿ٵ伮ƾõʷУҲֻȼܹ΢ǵ
ЩˣȫͳһʼԴǵۣомԼĹҵĿߡ
ССǣȻܹ΢ǵʿ֣ҲݺݳԾһѡ
ϴţ΢ǿеʿŴ˵ģδĳɾͲǸɶ硣
΢ǵССǿҲֻλĻˡ
ƿ˵ΧնҲܿ£Һܻƻġ
λɲʲô˵Ӹ磬ǵˣʮӹơЦЦƿһۡ
۾΢΢һУϸۣһĨһţЦʦǺ
ǹƣ
һ漴ֺߵҸ׶мӣﻹΪʲô˵Ĵԭһ竹Ӹ磬ߡ
ƲΪ⣬΢ЦʦѵĶԣԺƱȻ
ӣӡʱһһˣ۵󺹣͵ţ𽣶ʥŷϴѾϣӿȥɡ
šƵͷ׺ʦ壬ʦ㣬ȻԵҲȥҸСһ᣿
ðЦӦ
죬ЩԸִ磬ȥʲôҼǻӾᡣ
һʼ磬ЦҸʦһܲõӡˡ
ЦЦÿɷ
˾͸ŹȥĸۡСǲ󣬹סڶһׯ԰
ׯ԰Сûǵĳһ󣬲羰£ĿԴ䣬ĸо
ʮӾסôưܵԺӣһתƵؿơ
׳Ҫ˵
Цʦ㣬ڿɲʲôӣֻǵСС
գգ۾ʱҲЩ˼ˣƵƢʵںõĹ֣ƾԼôҲŭСѾͷҲ֮ˡ
ʦ㲻ˣڱҲĸԸƺǺЦ
Ц߽ׯ԰ǰŷϴѾǰȲǡ
ŷʦ֣õˡʱƺȻЦɫسŷϴһ֡
ŷϴƾȻһϸ˫΢΢һУ漴¶Цݣʦܿˡ
˷ֱ󣬹΢΢һЦ˵ʲڽżʦʦ㣬һЩʱ䣬ŷʦֻ벻Ҫ֡
ŷϴԹƺòæʾ⣬ԱߣƺŲ裬һԲ


65 ʥ
ڣŮȫǸز
׺Ų˵صͷ죬ƺŷϴЦ죬˵ĴһЩĻʳķİţûʲôʵԵݡ
ŷʦ֣ʦǰЩ봫飬ҾȼβԶǧǲǴʦĺϢ
ƴ𵶵Цݣüȴһϡ
ǵ
Ψб΢ϿɵʿϲеϢΪȻ£ǹȴԼŷϴȼ硣
ŷϴĿ˸˿˿ɫâҲܸоƵĲ֮ǰҲԼһҪԹòƹϵδĲ֡
ŷϴȻ߰κ˶ţΨͺģʦԸ飬ŷϴִУһ˿
ʦܣǴʦױģ˼ѾڸĻʳ̸Уܿ»ָӵݵġ
һϸӣ֪Щʲôβ¶Цݣʦͽû
ŷϴ΢ЦʦܼסʦĴͺãұʦʵұҡ
ʦֽ̻壬μġ
ʱŤͷܺʵˣ㵱Ϊʲôᱻңӵݶˡ
Ҫ֡ѵһ䣬Ҳ棬ԹƵĻʹϻۣ˵᷸Ĵ󣬱Ļʳңȷʵһ˷ѽ顣
ЦЦʦ岻ˣʦдҲͣƬ̣ĮȻҵҵԭܼ򵥣ΪҰҸʵӡ

һȺȫĿɿڴ׺ŷϴҲ΢΢һŵؿŹơ
ûӰϻʵ۵ӣȷʵǴ治УڻڶʳĻʳĻʵûɱ׵ĲТѾʴ֮ˡ
Ǻأûûεʵ
įһЦұǣˡ
ĬȻһԵעûʲôýشӹһ˿Թ
λӶԴĻʳλĴĻʵۣѾǺˡ
Ϊʲôôˣһ˷ǵĻȥλ𽣶лɳˣлĲʥ
ǣ
겻ʥôױô
ô׳־δڣضҡ

ŷʦ֣ʦȻ̸УǺʱ̻壿΢ʰһ飬¶΢Ц
ŷϴаݣƹȻ޳һۣ˲ñƿأǲ̫ģĿУܵġ
ʦܲصģʱȥ壬ǽ𽣶һλϴʱ͡
ã
Ʒǳϣͷ˵λϢһվͷ壬صλúúһ
Ǻǣ֮ҾͲȥˣҪؽ𽣶ˡ׷²豭Ȼ˵
һæʵִ磬Ϊʲôȥ˵ųǣǲ㲻ȥʶһô
һʦֵĴڽ뷵ؽ𽣶ǱޣȡڰڴƳ
ŷϴ¶һ˿׾΢Ц¶һ˿мŽôױƵģƻըĻҷ
ҲȥˣҪִ硣˵
ŷϴ΢΢һüͷɫ΢вã漴Ӻȿڲ裬סɫ쳣
ʦ壬ﻹһЩ裬ϣáƱ棬׺ò
ЦҡͷˣѾҵ㹻裬Ϊˣ˵ӲױǾһľ棬ôҪʦֶĶ
ʦ塭
ʦֶԣĳȻΪߣǾҲı䡣Цһ֡
΢΢һüͷƺ¶˾ģйâһһâ貵Ƥ׳С
ʦ壬ǰʥķƤףӦЩôƴǾǿơ
УʥϢɢĪϢһɫƤף֪ʲôƳɣֻһʹﵽʥǲɶõķԷ
׶ݣóʵԼ⣬΢΢Ƭֺ̣ҽˣԺĪҪٻʦ壬֮ұֵܡ
á
ƴЦʥƤ͸ף·ʥֻͨƷƵģ˿ʹ
ЦʥܵõѣѾ׬ˡ
׽ӹƤףָоǳҲٽϬţƤΪԭϣԼʯ಻֪ɵģˣؼʱܱ
֣ĻҾͲ˵ӽԺұֵܣѣʹĺҲ㡣
ƴЦЦƣ޾֮ơ


66 СǴ
գ׻Ǿȥ壬ʱȣҪ㹻Ϊл䣬ֻֻһΣʧܵĽ
ȻܽʶȴҲ֮飬ѾԼһʱ䣬øеҲֻȼˡ
Ѿʦƽʦְŵļŵ֮ĹơԼλЦҪÿԼСѾͷ
ҲϲûƳǰ;δܶСѾͷʲôŵ
ֻҪܴ䣬̤е磬ߵѾͷҸ

ڶһ磬ʦȥһ壬ǴԼŮģһ棬ʶһթ͹ĶǣĥԵĺûᣬԽҲ档
׷ؽ𽣶ΪǱޣƽʱҲû棬׵Ȱ˵СѾͷȥŻʳȥһ䣬֮ǳ֮ˡ
ڸƳûǳ֮㻯ʿ
ִ磬ٰͻȥҪŶס
׵֣Ŀ飬Ĳᡣ
ЦЦ˹ıǼ⣬ЦİСѾͷһԺȢء
ߵͨ죬˭Ҫ޸㡣
ŷϴһɫĮȻɫ
ЦЦŷϴһۣ¶ζЦݡ
֣һŲ̫Ǿͻټʱұػ
׸ϡ
Ҳףһ·ƽ³ɡ֮ˮ׺͹ƻһ֣˴΢΢һЦ
̨Ŀ뿪涣ؿףһ߽
ִ磬ңɲǣ
ЦЦСѾͷͷ
ˢ
˲ϢʱѾԶ֮⡣

ǣûеʱ䣬ڹƵĸۡϢһҹɫŨṲ̃СΧʮɽ֮С
һᳵ·ҵ֮أϢѰ衣
һգΪٴαǣﵽ˼ޣڻ˴ûҪȫЩҪµʱ䡣
գ
ڸܵķŭϵֹͣһ뿪
Ѿ¾㱸ֻǷˣҩȱֻҪЩȫΪͻﵽ۷ʱʱͿףһƳ
㹻Ҳõ㹻֮ײûǾǫ̂󣬱׼̷ؽ𽣶졣
Լ𽣶֮Լֻʣ°꣬Ǹûص̫ɽúñչһˡ
̨˲Ϣǧ
Ǿ𽣶ʵ̫Զ׵Ĵ̨޷ֱӴ͹ȥǧ֮һСгˡ
ϰı󶯣ѡСΪҲǾؿǣСǺۣƽʱһʿ˵ܰȫ
СǺСǶҪС֣ջׯһӦȫʱѾӽƻ裬׵Ҳٺգסһ
ƻѪСǱķҶţֵ϶һɪɪͮͮķҶǳĹ
Ǻݣɱ˾Ȼ治ɫܿϧǱץסˡ׸մӿջڳ׼ĴһߣϺȻɧճȺӵسųȥ
ǺΪΪ˹ھ¥Ѿܲˣĸ쵰Ϊ潣ǿĹСɱΪЩӦá
꣬С㣬Ҫô
ǵ̴׶У˶ųȥȤ
λ磬ҪȥʲôסһλˣƬҶӷϣЦǺʵ
һ漴¶ϲ֮ɫæѽҶӷڻЦؽһС
۾һйĺӣҲգҲȥһơ

⣬һ̳ķһ㶼ﱻƽʱ˵ɭֲȴɽ˺̳Χ˰ա
ײ֪ʱѾˣվȺУ̳Ǹǿꡣ
ȫѪ߰ߣúܲңһ۾ͿأѾ˵ࡣ
ôȻǿذͷĿһС
ѱηͷһʱôϹʦԼҲѻΪһ̲ˡ
ղѾһУҪǻԼҲ顣
ĪСڣΪȻ࣬ȴҲǣڡ
ȻڰǰĪѧؼҵ·جġ


67 ͽĪ
ĪĽĪСھ¥Լܵܶ飬мɫȴйӲƤ졣
ĪѧùȻӾ¥£
ĪޣΪ׽㣬ԭΪԼɻڴúñ֮ȻֻǽĿȫǵʬ塣
֮࣬Īޱ߳ޣʼƶԼɱ˼ƻ
ĪСﱻĸ竹ӱʲôѲ飬Ȼͺͺ˶һ
ʮʱ䣬ĪĸӸδΣҹ䷺ںСŮƣһƬЦ
Īֳּ⵶ӺһһֻĵͰѱȫɱ
º䶯СǣĸӸļȫŭҪȫǰǰĪٶ

۾ĪĿն޾⣬ʹϾҪȻ
Ǹӡ׵ͷ
ûмų֣ٹ۲һʱ䣬Ƿ޾
̳Χ䱸ɭϣάϾǹʵ飬Ҳ°Թޡ
ʱִԶͬһĹ⣬һЦݵˣƤ
ߡ
ױǿ׷һߣ˸оȴĸоǿѾƳǻʿ
һλʿȥһ꣬СǵĴ嵹Ǹӡ
̨𽥰
Դֵض̳ˣ˶¶֮ɫĪʮ꣬ȴҪǧе̷СĴİԵɼһߡ

аյ̾
ɣλǳˣˡߵæǳ⡣
𽥰ߵĪߣ¶һ˿ζЦݣĴ廨ؽҳɽܾǧŰٵҵУҲ컯
ޣ
ĪŭĿԲһѪˮЦЦһѪˮڿоȫ
Щ֪Ĵûк³ġƿƤóһλεĶ̵
Сӣĺˣһһ㲻һƤһϰ
˫Ŀ˸ŷ̬ĴЦ
ΧҴ
Ī˿£һǣĬſеĶ̵شЦ
õ
׶ĪĵеȣԹȻڳˣһѵõ硣
ߣЦɣһῴ㻹ôЦܻж̵˸һͳĪؿڸȥ
ߣ
ʱ׶ˣ
һǿѪأɫѪֱĻǳľ޺ǿ
һ˱ڰУȭأһȭһѹȶȥ
ʲôˣ
󾪣ǳ֮緢ǹģա
ȣ
һХЩΪõĽʿԲʲôˡ
һһб£ݺϡ
ȭԼ֮׽ɫӰڿУħ
飡
¶󺧣ѣڱжѪ񱩵ľ̳ȫƻ
ȻһƷɳһ͵סĪ
ԡѪȫͷˣɫֵؿһӰˣĲš
޽Ȼֻ޽ôӵսôܣ
˻ÿ˵һ־һѪ˵һֵʱȫѣ
ܣĿ£
Щػ̳ʿǷΪ˵Ǵ˵Ķ֣οǣ
ʿȴס׵һȭ
ŽǿͿֲɼһߣ
Īؿף¶ޱеĿ⣬װȻһȭ֮ƽĮжһ˿ݺ𾴡
ˢ
׻֣һĪߣơ
ĪȻúأҲֻǷ֮ˣ׵ޱȵĴǿ̼޸
̶Ƭ̣໹һЩ֮⣬ĪƤ˲Ȭǿ٣׼򵥵ëϴ裬ʹȻڳˡ
ǰΪͽ
ĪȬĿޱȣԥعȥϿҡ
ΪʦѪʱһ꣬ղŰԵʮӰȻͬ
ǵģǰȫĪִͷͰݡ
ЦЦͷãҴӦΪͽֻϱŰ̫֮أгһ㻯ħұɱ㡣
ĪһЦϵ˵ͽ飬ǶȻŵΪ˼ͽڴģһֻɱɱ֮ˣԣؽ֮


68 ʵǿ
̳ϣѪĿɺϢ⡣
Īڵϣʯһ㣬ԣĿⴿһ̶ޱ߱Űɱ⣬Ȼʱȫڣֻгݺ𾴡
á
ϲ⣬ûϵСһλӣһ͵Ī΢Ц䲻ϲɱˣȴҲ۸ҵĵӣСȥĴҪɡ
á
Ī۾ţһɱŰɱӿ
ʦͽԶȥܰջȻķչ˵ûϵ˺ɱһȭնɱȳĪ
ĪȻĸλΪӣλһʮĻðȺ鼤ܡ
ĴСΪ꣬ߵͷˡ
ĪǶ֣οСڵˡ
һ޴ķ籩ϯСǣ฻ð⣬ʼ̲ĴĲҵ

ǿƻɱϢһ㴫СǣĴͳٴУսľ
ĴܹϣҲǳ֪ƾǵصĶ֣Ĵеϵڵһʱӽ˳ܵסǸصĸ֡
ײǴĪݼĽĪСĪصؿ˼ͷȻ˵ʦ߰ɡ
š
΢΢һЦ԰ԼһͷĪ˵СδĴ壿
Ī˸ž⣬˵Ѿɱ˺֣ѱֻĴն֮꣬ǰʦֻ֮һǬ
ЦˣԼͽܣϵôأվһĵ֮ĪɱĴˣҲΪͽˡ
ɪҶ
̷ǳϡ٣˶֪һս٣֪ˣǲùͷȫڼﲻҳš
ʱ׺Īߵ
һɱϢܡ
ǳ΢΢һЦȻſûʲôˣǳǧˣоĲӣҲĴеϵӡ
䣡
ͷųԼϢԨƺɫѪ˺ѳգһ²ɵϢǳǿ޵С
ĲѵôҪҴô׵ӴĴҡҡ׹Ҫˡ
֨
Ƭ̣ŵĴ󿪣һȺȺеʿǧʿֱֳн׺ĪΧ
ţһȺΪˣĹٷСǵĳ
һȺˣȫĴĺ
СȨƵһˣѾȫˡ
Щʿɢ˰ɣµҵĶ֣οЩʿĿӥĲ
ĲôҲһ֮ҲЩʶҡͷЦһӣһǧʿ糱ˮ˻سڡ
Ĳмʿֻһλʿһǳ
һȭϢʹˣʿɫ԰ףͷ˵
ԽսҲ˵޽ܴܻʿǵһμ˵ԷĹԼ츳̫ˣ޷ǵĵز
һǰĳĵӣʤҲû˿·
ǰһᡣĲһݣԴǺܳϿңֻ֪֪꣬һȭƺһǰӦò
΢΢һЦִ̧ĻЦģ˲ҪɱˣֻΪͽĪҪһ

ĲЦһȴְңֻ˵Ĵ겻ֵùҲϡ
ͽȥɡ۾ȨĪڰĴȫһȥա
ĴļɫѿʱǸ߸ϣĲУϵᱻһƿǵˣһַǳĸоͷ
ߣֻȥ˵ˣ˭ҶԼָֻţ޽ҲҴԲѣЦ
ͻȻ䣬Զһװڰը죬һǳ֮۶ɵĴֵն£ֱֱѹס
䣡
ֺ˶һǿϢٶɽѹҪһɱס
۷壿ܺã
һĳĪͳİȫشһɰɽٶϢӿһȭơ
ˢ
ԶһӰշǳ֮ûף
ǴӣԼҵȫ
ǿ˶ԭǿ˶Լҵ峤ҲȫԿʮʱʧ٣һʮ꣬û뵽˿̱ôȻΪˡ


69 
İУӰһ𣬽ɫͰɫâǰҲâҫۡ
Կˣ˫ĿĮϬɱֶξˣǳ֮Ѿɣһȭ֮ǳĿֲ
ҺսڰУȻҵ𶯣ȴûʲô𻵡
𣡡
ԿһХ䣬ָһָƱǰٱһָƺܱɽ
ĿأͨĻ۷ʿһµĶ֣ķǿ󣬶ɱֶηǳˣԼһս
򣡡
״УһɽɫѪͷǹðһɲ⣬˫ǿ
ݣ
ŻĵУһɫ֣⻪һ˶ƺ֮ݺײԿ˵ָϡ
򣡡
׵ǳۺ񣬸Կˣһйȥͣһݡ
ǳ𺳣ݿݺݴԿϡ
ָ
Կ˴УȻȴûʲôЧΪִУȫϡ
ۣ
ԿɫѩףһѪȫѣӿ¡
飡
𶯣Կ˵ҳһӣһѷԿӳȥмʮס
ˣ
۷ʿҲˣ
ԿɫѩףĲź𾪣Լս˵ͬеٮٮߣҲ֮ͬĲǳȻǰ˾ӼǿҹϵػԼ
µǶԷ˵ۺ񣬱Ҫ࣬ⲻò˳Ծֻ˵һʵ˾ĳɵ֮ӣǱȵĿֲ
ĿɨȫѻȸһƬžԼҵɫսս
֣Լԣϣһ·Կ˴ӵϼǳس׾Ϲ
ȻұûϾɱղҲȶֹңҲѡ
ԿɫɬСʮʵڹڿֲ޽ѣǿƻԼĵһ־޴Ĵ²ĥ˺ۡ
һƣ޷߾磬ָĵΨһ취ǸɵĶ֣ʰġ
̧ͷԿ˿Įףӿ޵ʧ䣬֪ڶʱڣûһսˡ
ܷŹԼţĳд۵һҪʲôĳԼ֧ľ
ԿΪĳɵ֮ӣʮͳɳΪһתҲù
¶һ˿΢ЦԿ˵ı鿴Կ˵뷨ȻأЦ֪Ȥαڱˣ
ԿתķȬֻǿЦһȻ󹧾վһԲ˵
˶ѵǾ͡
ס졣ԿشһλĻӷǳ䣺˭ٶ죬ֱ
ȴԼ֮⣬ҲԲ֮±ʾ׵кҪ󣬶հ졣
ĪҶﲻ죬ʲô˵Ļģȥʵְɡ
ҲĴϻӳĲһӣһ͵ĪӰ
Ī׾һ۵䲻ͳȣĴˣߵĴЩڳΪЩϱѪծҲһһˡ

鷽


Īһ˵ʮȻ˵ʦЩȫСǵĴ֮˼ұǺļȫҲΪ
ţ׵ͷЦЦĲ
Ĳ׿ͷƤ飬ȵЩ˶ץùǣȫǹ󡣡
ĪסֵЩȫɫ԰ףмͼ׸һָ˵̱ڵϡ
ҴˣһɣǮкܶǮ
Ҫɱҡ
ЩӸ磬Լٱеʱ򣬶¶̰һ棬ĪмؿǣɫĮҹ°
ͺðö࣬Сֶ죬СǵİղĴ壬бռءƲ¹黹һ£ĴԪˣԶ缸õ̻
ԭ׻ھβԿ˵ĳȴתĪҪ뿪
ʮһٻԹԣҶ¾šɫƽĴ˵
ƣﾫޣҲϣܻǬʮһһһսĻᡣ
׿̨ģų֣Ī뿪ʱתԱԿ˵һ䡣
һֻ㡣Կ˿Ŵ̨˲Ϣȥսȭͷսܶԣȫǻ
ʱʧҲǳɳһ־



70 ؽ𽣶
ҹ̫ɽ嶥һƬףԴӻɽ֮󣬽𽣶첻Ǹ֮ӣһΡ
ɫ¹浾֮꣬мֻɺе˵ζ
ˢ
УͻȻ˸üֻɺ׷ߣ־ڰգǵɺ׻ϻµޡ
׺ͽĮ̄߳漴Ϊɢ
ĪؿǰһĻֻƬɽԴ䣬ɺ׳ȺޱߵƮƮɣɻһ㡣
ʦǵ̫ɽ̫ˣϾȻ˹ɾƽʱҲϲ飬Щдɾ֮һȲϡ
Ī˷ܣվ꣬ǵüֻɺ΢ãڿзٵĽ
΢ЦСܾʣͬʱҲǳΣգȷҪһͬУȥȡ
ȡкãʹڸ׸λãҲһ鷲ˣ֮ҷ𡣡Īͣ½Ų¶һĨЦݣʦҾеŷңҺϲָо
Ǻãʦ̫ɽΪ̫ɽڰΪʦǶӣڽ𽣶λߣһὫ̫һķϤ㣬ϣҪΪʦʧ
Ī֣صͷĽһЦʦڽ𽣶Ӧòܻӭɣѵܵż
Сӵǹ֣õסüһЦʵҲʮ꣬ĪȷʵСӲԸƢܺġ
׵˼úһ
ɾ̫һġ̫߾в̣̫һȷʵҲҪһ˼̳С
ƽԼ̫֮һԼֹԼɾʱ׼Ī
еϵ̫Բעͻ֮ݣĪй¶ܣǵĸǽжһ𽣶컹ʲôʯʶܸǽ𽣶еط˵ɾɡ
ʱܸ֮ὫɾĪ
ʱĪ̳²

ʦܻˣѵĳˣɽǰҵˣҶ֪ԭʦܻһλ޽ӽѰʦĴڡ
𽣷ķ嶥͸ֶƮƮһ˫۾ͬһ㣬ɲ⡣
һصϢ糾еĵһµĸо
Ԫ죡
Ԫ۷壬벽ֻһΪԽɲ⣬ǿѹλ̫ϳһͷ
𽣷ĵλȻʯļλʦܶҰģ⻹ս𽣶ȨԶ
ɣһۣҪȫս𽣶죬̫ɽҪһʧ
ĪѰʦȷʵˡ۾ϵϢĪ⣬
ʦϵܺܶడѰʦŽһ壬Ҳǲܣʿȱ㲻ʲôִӾħȪֶοƾˡ
ԭײӣ֪ĻҲûзϣȻһ㱻ҿ֮ġ
Ϊ֪һ״䣬ǳɳٶȻ˸еֲδΪҲ˵
־һͳʦܣƺҪΪֵ·ˡһĨɱǰձ˲仯
ͬʱ
֮Ҳ֪׻ص̫ɽȫЦѣҪδ䡣
̫ɽƽıڡ
ҹӣһˡںϿգ΢Цڡ
䣡
޾ֱ磬εӺ׷ɳ쳣ߴһԽĿֲˡ
Сӣʲôҹӳಢڣͷ˫ǣȫûһӵķɡ
Ҳѹ֣ѹһǧ꣬ҪȻƨá
Ǵĺþơ׺ٺһЦӹȥһ̳ӣҹӵ䵭⡣
þư
һһ̳ӾƣҹҲЦˣôüɢѵһ
Ц˶ҵĶΪұذɣ
ԻĹźŽӲΪʲôڵĵطʧȻ顣
ʼһЦµµΪҼһԼǲ̫ġ

ҹĴָҪһ̳ӾƣžʵʲôҪæľ˵ҺôǷ˰ͷһ顣
΢Цҹ˵ʹ죬ȴҪͷҹӡ
˵ɡεܴȣ˵


71 ׼
ڣ羰续ļ紺ҹӻ·˺գ˫ۿף¶һ˿͡
ǿ꣬ƺǧǰԼģһѱһĽԸ
׵õҹӵĳŵһ΢ЦҹҲ֪쿹һŽ岻䣬Դʦ̫֮ɽͱһģ֮졢ӡ
ҹӴ׵ĻǺЦұ㣿쿹֮ʱϣţ

۾Ц޽֮·ĺͯȻסǷѣԻϣҹӲ֣߳ҰȻ䡣
⵹С£ʦֱΪҪܶ࣬ΪԶǾõͷڹ겻Ǹ֮Ķ֡
׿Цҡ׵ˣʦֱҹӣֻʦδ飬Ҳ֪ʱܻ
ðɣЩС¶ѣӰ㡣ҹЦЦҲϣһûбըδһҫ۵ǡ
лҹԮ֡
֮ҾͿ뿪˰ɣģʵڲˣӻǲǰͷҸˣ缸ҾͿԳȥˡ
ȻҹģһȻҹӳȥ㲻þӣҲûʦ
СһĳŵӻŵġҹЦֻȥ׼һ£̫һİȫӸ𡣡
״ϲЦ˳硣
ҹӵĳŵȷʵһ
ҹӱʥһ죬ϾҪٴνףһʥ̫ɽ϶ܶԤϡ
ҲΪҹսʤ֮Щ˵ΪҪߣͻЩ̫ϳ϶ˡ
ҹӱվʵ壬εȻĹң𽣶ǿҲδظҵ
̫֮һ֪ʦޣѾΪ֡

˲Ѿ¡ڣȻ̫ɽ棬ŵĻ˸ŹĹ¶ˣ˼ɾ
飡
Īȫѣżʹ죬תķоһ£
ÿһµȫǺˮٴԶϾȻ޸
ÿһζĥÿһ
ĪһХ˸Ī󣬳źǿ
ʱ䣬ĪѾϴؾѾԶˣ˵츳ˣһĺӡ
ʦչؽˣҲ֪ôˣĪԶéݣв¶һĨġ
Ī׵Ѿ˽ܶ࣬ҲûҪʵ˵̫һ״ԼԼ״
ʦĺܲףһҪǿøΪǿ󣬲ΪʦǽѣȭͷǼ֮ɫ

éڣ
Ѫתķʯһ㣬ѾéڶԽ֮á
߾⣬˺һһ׻۶©߻ħ
츳ɾƪѾ٣Խ˽⣬׾ͻɾȴ̫һġ̫߾֪Ҫٱ
ɾƪСƪ͡ƪɣƪ̫ɬ׻͸˵ĿǰΪҲӲ̫ս
ֻƪҲһǰЩʱյսõ֤
ˣһתɾķƻָļ죬κɵҩЧ
ײӲףɾƪİɹʻߡ
£ԼΪѾƿа
裬ҩڣٵѾʿ
˵Ѿǹǿ޽ԻĹ֮󣬴ûκһʿ԰ѻĥôβơ
Խοƿ֮ΪоƵıһǳ֮Ҳпܡ
Ѿƿ˰ѾǿǷܹɹͿˡ
é߳һݴ̫ɽ𽣶졣
λʦ֡λʦǰպҽһٴ䣬ϣλʦԼʦųԵȼ죬̫֮ɽĹһ˶ϡ
䣡
׳˻ɽ󣬼ȻҪըɽȻҪƾŻɽķԵֵ׵
׵Ⱥɽлص𽣶ǧӶ۲ݣ󲿷˶Ϊˣ޽͸״壬ǻòͷˡ


72 ǿƵҹ
𽣶ӭ겻еֺ
̫ɽʹķзŵӻŵӶ䣬ȻΣȷʵˣΪ𽣶˽֪ķͿͽ
̫ɽɽ֮ۡ
ɽůȻƾնһ˿ŵϢвٵӹȻۼɽף˿ûа׷С
ԴˣûᣬֻǰĳﱸǣףɽŵҵĵӣЩ˸ϵɽ
ȴ֮ͼλ̫ϳ֮⣬˭Եɽ׶Ὺɽ
ɽֹзмǿɱʿ̫ɽ³Ҳֻ·һ
ƽһȻΪûиƻɽĹƽʦȴһλսˣɽǧֶֹΣԵֵԪʿ
ڶ졣
׺Īɽ۵һ׼һٰʮ룬ɫľÿһаɳһٰʮ밴󷨰ںãֻУ߶󷨣ס
ʦǲ̫ΣˣĪһٰʮ룬Ҳ£˶ľ룬ľʵֲ̫ˡ
ЦЦȻеΣգֻ취İСзִ硣
ĪйأԼʦ˼֣ҲֻܰΪˡ
ˢ
ٿȻ䣬âԶǷţкâһһӭǰ
ǼɽÿһɽվһˣΪ׵һλɫ۵ˡ
ƻ
ߣʦô̫ɽˣ
ƻǽ𽣶֮ڽ𽣶СΪƻԪʿ׻մǽ𽣶˶̫ϳϣհƽţҲմһ档
ߣһѣҲʦƽ۽ƻδ˵һλЦϵϢǿƵؿס
ʲôʦʦ˵ʲôʸ죿Īŭ˫Ũҵɱ
ϣԣ˶ײʹҲС
ʲôʦͽ̳ʲôĵӣû򵽵ķҹһȥ
ƻĵӺǿƣΪŵҲٮٮߣ׹ⱬϢĵһȭѹ
ǽ𽣶ġٲȭһȭƺƵܷ·ֳսľ󣬼İԵ;ɱ֮
ߣ
кâһһɽٶƴͷųѪأһݾʹȥ
ƻЦҲûֹףΪҲԼҵӵĶ֡
䣡
һڻƻϣɫ󺧣ֻһױȵİԵϢϮԼľԼΪȻ޷赲Լ·ײһɽϣ̼͵ɳȥ
ιѣڱѪֻһʿܵˡ
ʲô
ƻһжȻһâŵؿףɱС
Ȼ֣Լ͹ˡ
Ž岻ǿս壬޽ܻʿ䣬ô
ƻֱ룬ֲջĹʱŽ޵£սȷʵ̫ˣһɳ֡
ɱ
ɱҡС
ԵֲԪʿѹشӻƻͷųĻºƽºܽпвԼĴڡ
˵״Ŀ̫ˣȻƻҲðգҪɱײԾ󻼡
ºҲνĸ׻ΪƽһС
ģ
ɾ֪ǷϾ쵽ƻͼһⲻҪϼһҪ֣һ涼Ҫˡ
ҹӣ֣
ٿȻ䣬׸ߺ˲󿪱磬ʵų
ţ
ƻһɫ䣬ٴУ
һޱšԵϯذأʥϢɲǼý𽣶ǿ߶Ϥ
ʥ
ƻҧ۾гһߣͬʱͷųԼϢͬǿޱȣǿѹҹһͷ
ҹȻţҲԪһ죬ƻΪͣѾԪľǿߡ
ˢ
ƻһ䣬ʮӶʱƳǧ⣬ʥǿ߽սǡ
׼ĸ죬һͺĪڻɽŦشƻмʮԶѡ
ףôĵӣȻҹ뱾ɣĳ̫һɨɱͽ
ƻӴ𽣶ÿһ䡣
лʲôڽ𽣶һǧˣʽǰ֪ôǰû˵ʲôиë
ҹ۴ףͷ˫ǣɸߣ·˺ѳգͻأؾͳڰС


73 ̫һĵ
ӿҹӹ̫һ޾ԴԴϵػڡ
Ϊٵʥһ˲һ۷壬ֻ벽ʹﵽ졣
𣡡
ҹӴ𣬷·ܺɽӣڰչ޾ѹɢ£ڿзγһ޴ƣˣһϵĴ
ƻ֣ȻԷ֣ʱɲɫǳ

ǽ𽣶ϵĹǽ𽣶촴ʼ˵ʦܣǧǰͱأϵ֮һ綼ΪϹˣ𽣶Ȩ߶֪λ沢δʼջػĽ𽣶졣
˭𽣶һǧ꣬ߣʦôĵӣȻ年ᡣ
ƻɫ䣬˫âضŰеҹӣͬʱ׿һۡ
ɫƽ¶һ˿ЦݣһĨЦݸûƻŭ죬ǼЦ
˭ҹЦмһˣ̰غµĿЦģʵĿӷҲˡ
ƻüͷֱкâɽһޱȿֲ׵ϢҪ֡
ʦܲҪ֡
ʱһХԶ˵ʱڰ֮⣬δ䣬Ѿ̫ɽ
ƽʦֺιҳ֣ƻɫʹҲ̫๧֮⡣
ЦЦδƻЦգ΢Цĳ޶ۣ֪ҹڱһǧ꣬һλʦ֪ĳڹ
ȻЦȻҲӿޱߵɱֻǱǿѹȥ
Ҳû뵽ıʣԭΪ׵ֵ̫ɽͻȻβơ
ڸղţһλ̫ϳϴͣ˵ʵӰƽҪִ֮
ʵ̫󣬼ʹ𽣶Ҳǲ
ʵ֮Ǿɾ֮ʣľǿߡ
ʵĶӾȻ̫ɽϢҲˣͬʱһͺȻԼСѾŵʦ塣
ƽȻΪȻҲ˺·̫һǿѣ𽣶춼ǲ
ʦܣλʵҹηһǧǰʦԵһֱ̫ɽųء
Цݣ˻ƻࡣ
ƻƤһҲˣͷ˫ǵ徹ȻʵĶӣֲ˿ʵĶʹٿҲȻġ
ƻ۾һ̫һ֪̫ˣĿвһ̫ɽֶΡ
ʦ尡㻹Ųߡ
ԭҹղŶʧҪ֡ƻ΢΢һЦʰݶ̹Ȼ
ҹηЦϾҲһ̫֮ˡ
ƽ̲ظҴñӣұͷǿйѺıһǧ꣬ϧͷ磬𱾻һҪġҹηӿ£ɫâһһͨģ
ƻɫһϲҹη˵ͷȻˣͽܻţڳֶԸͽҲԵ̫ˡ
ԱӾȲɱͽܣͽԪ֮ٳֻɱʱҲû˱ӵݡ
ҹη٩٩̸ͺͰ׻ɫȻһЦû˵ʲô
ЩƭƭСԣЩƭЩϹҹηôˣ˵ùûʣһ
ӳ˵ǰ棬СӳΪԪʿ֮ǰ˭ҶСӳ־ҵĵˣӲġ
ҹηǳ׻סס
ɽŦشҲ˹ͬЦݣλԪǿ˿塣
ʦ֣ʧˡһ˫أĿ΢΢Ϳȥ
Цݣɫ糣
ƻɫ࣬һߡ
΢΢һЦҹӣĳѾ¾ϯףм̳ܷĺþƣһݡ
ðҹηЦ
ʦһͬǰЦݺͰԡ磬᲻Ͳ
ã
΢΢һԥͷӦ
ЩԾƺ̫ˣܴϿһ˿죬ҹηں
͵ĻҲ˵ԸԲžһͬ磬뿴һԼλƽʦֵкζԲߡ
Сػ̫ɽκ˸ɽͿɽɱ⣡֮ʣĪ˵
ǣʦ𡣡ĪɫȻĬĬڻɽϥ
ͳĪһۣĿٿһЦ޵ʦܺ۹⣬һӡ
ƽʦֹˡ׿Цһ¡


74 ֮
𽣶ǳݺǧɺ׷裬вٹĹЩ⿪ţֻҪ㹻ĹֵµĵҲڴòͣϢ
ҹηĵطһ¥󣬽ۼǽ𽣶ĵطƽ⿪š
¥ǳ棬һľɣʣ貹
ҹη⣬ǵʵĶӣͼ˳ֺ󣬻Ѿڴ˵ȴ
ЩȫǸ֮ͬҲ͵ţһλ̫ϳ٣һλɷǵĳߣʦ׵ܵܡ
ҹη˿ԣλԪǿһһǧԣ˰ƽΪ֮񱩵ѱóȡ
Իƻʱҹηǻ¶竵ףҪ֪һǧ֮ǰҹηŵĹӸ硣
ףСصĹģû뵽ҹܣֲ޿֡͵ʦй֮ԵҲһֵԸ񣬿ҹηߵףЦ
΢Цʦ˵Цˣҹҵĺܣ֮ԻάңΪδɱҶѡ
ҹηЦС˵ĲӿûȾָɾ飬ֻСޣҪɱܽޡ
͵ЦƫƫҲĻ˵̫ûˣ֪ҹηάףȴ޿κΡ
̸ֻ£ҹ롣͹һЦ׼ˡ
¥ǳĹ˷ֱ󣬲ʱһȺŮɺ׶жžµĲȺơ
Ⱦƣҹηǲһȼʮ̳ƣƤһʹѡ
ôƣҹĳм仰²죬Ҳ֪˵˵ҹηٽƾЦЦ
ҹֵ˵޷Ц
ҹĳͶˡҹηһھƣĿ⳯׿һۣ¶ȻˮЦݡ
һ˿Ц˶΢΢һΪƽ̬̫ˣλʵѾõ̫һ洫ˡ
˵ҹη׵ʦ֣һλʵʦ֣޷УҲԺˡ
ҹĳΪʲôλϲףѵΪŽ岻ô
ˣҹĳֻ˵λ۹̫ˣһǧǰδʱһλʦʵͣλʦ˵һ仰
Ŷ
͵ʦѩüͷһ̧ͰЦλʦ˵ʲô
ҹηȻλǰ˵һǧؽ䣬ĹʱΪңԶʱ½䣬޵ʳ֣𡣡
˻棿
˶סˣͶ͵һüͷĿ⼫临Ӻ䡣
ҹĳ˵ٻʵŴ¸ĹҶ֪žʼԴǵĸĹѾˣ꣬սʼԴǡ
üͷ¶ޱ֮ɫҹηϢ
ǽ𽣶ҲҪ׼ˡΣ͵ʦһ̾׵Ŀ⾹һ˿Ρ
ҹηʼ磬ЦΪǼȻᣬסʮŽ屻֮Ϊ壬λҲҪǣĹʱŽǾս壬һɳ޵УԺɨʼԴǡ
˲׵Ŀⶼʿʢ٣ʼԴǶᱻУ𽣶Ҳ⡣
ʢһѪȵɱ¾һλŽ𽣶죬ǿĹҲС
𽣶лҹӣǻ濼Ľ飬ıˣŽ㲻Ƿ壬Ǿµߣɨʮľս
͵ʦ忴ף˵ʦֶصģ㰲ȥ䣬ػ㡣
лʦ塣лͬʱ۽⿴ĿһŵҲһ˿ԥ
λ۹ȻȻҹηϢʵĻҲ׵ƾ𽣶ʵǸĹҵĶ֡
Ҿǧ׼ͳﻮ˭Ҳ֪ĹǷѾ
ķϻҲ˵С޷䣬ⲻ˱״ĻôʵʱҲˡ
ŽรʹĹҲɵûһԸŽɳʱⲻ˲пİɱսҪСһ꣬򶥼еһϯ֮λ
һ˾ͳȴţҹӷģʦܴ䣬𽣶㾡е̣Ҳʦܰȫɳꡣ
ɫȻжҹηܸмȼ仰͸ıԼڽ𽣶ελ
ͬʱĵҲͷ
ҹη˵ʧ·һǳɹƿҲһ
ʼԴǸһλ޵е˳ĳɳԼעҪѪ֮гɳÿǰһʬǣѪȺս


75 ҹ䳾
ǧﲻҵѪˡ
һŨŨͷƴʢ٣עŽҲעδ콾ѪȾգΪ·ϵһ衣
ԸۣͷҲģĹʱٶʿǺ£ΪܿϣȴҲһս裬ʿܱ⡣
ҹηԸϢǣҲǱ˰ƽĶ飬Ը𽣶ҷ𣬳ΪһĨ
ʦܣܴ䣬Ϊֻά㣬־Ȼ֮٣Ϊֿɫ棬ƲϷ
׺һھƣȻЦʦģҼһ仰ŻԹʿңԹʿ֮˴ң˱ܴ֮䣬Ȼػ𽣶졣
ããã
͵ʦĿ¶֮ɫƴЦʦֶ˵òʦֲῴˣҴǸ֮ǰˡ
ʦǧô˵ҴƽʦֵλãҲôģƽʦҲΪ˽𽣶ҵ
ҹηڣЦһźҹĳҲ˽һ׮£ǽ𽣶첻̫ƽҹĳλƻδô롣
ߣ
λ̫ϳЦкâʦֶܴ䣬Ǿǽ𽣶Ȩĺʥӣ˭˱ڵҵǾǧˣ
ҹηЦЦգգۣ΢ЦСӣҾ⺢ܳɴ

ٿȻ䣬һЦ֮Զ¶һ˿ѱ飬׺ȻҹηĿ¶׹⣬һײбŰɱϱ
ԶһɽХ·ܱصϢϯһɰԾµƣǿֻҹηˡ
һλʥ壬ǸҹоԹҹηճؾѰӦǽ𽣶ĳǿͨ籨ˡ
ȻĿⲻ⿴ͣԼλƽʦ¶һ˿Цʱ״Ҳ֪
ҹ䳾
ҹηҧһһٵ˵֡
Ҳһ֣һҲİ෴׹ʿûֵ̫ˡ
ʵڶӣΪʵߵţͻδǧ꣬ѾԪΪ򶦶ʥ֡
岻һձҪҪܶ࣬ȴûǡ
ſǣһڣԼܻǧҡ
ΪʵӣȻһӵǣʵΪһɳȷǣ껹δǣǾ˵̫ʵ
Ѿǧ꣬ϵĴ֮һһ飬ӵãȻҪĲ֮Ķɱʵ
ҹη״ӱʵӣʱͱΪӰ
һٶӷǳ䲻ĿŵɱҹηԲϴģֻҪһδλҹηʧȥһ۰ԾİôȻѡΪ
ҹ䳾ʱģһǧǰͰҹηǰƽ·ҹηֻˡ
ܣ㱻һǧ꣬ǺͿˣǷ壬رˣŽ廹з壬ολʦ˵Ǽٻδ֪δ̫ˡ
ҹ䳾ޱߣ羪ףըĿ¥ҡҡ׹
ҹ䳾ˣȻʵӣҲûʸڽ𽣶Ұ͵ʦŭˣǵ˫ȻâԪѹǿֲ
ߣ
˷һߣֲϢ͸գһֻ޴ƣݺѹȥ
¥棡
ҹ䳾һϮɫۣڷ٣ԪǿߵһȻ壬ſһХгһ˺ɫǹ˺Ƴգֻƽһ
䣡
շ飬𽣶ڿռȻҪȹǧٱҲסʥǿߵһ
֮£貵ĹâأƬնڲҹ䳾Ӿ𣬻ڱһѪۡ
Ҳҹ䳾ӣССѵһº󣬶ʱ֣Ҳҹ䳾֪𽣶һɣ˭ġ
ǰҺҹ䳾֮飬лԮ֣ϣԼҹη˱ʾлĿһתޱȵؿ档
΢Щģ֮̾ľ̫δĶ֡
ǰģҹҳ֣ҺôռŴ֡ҹηЦݲµ߳¥


76 ʦֻع
䣡
ҹηһ߳¥󣬰һȻֻʥһ۷壬Ȼۻ룬Զ޸ҹ䳾Ʋ١
ͣʦֶҲȥɣ˭Ƿǡߺǣ΢Щõؿһ͡
¶Цҹη֮뷨ת䣬ǰܳɹ䣬ֻһȥ裬δпʼԴռһϯ֮ء
˴ӿ¥߳ڿУңңҹηꡣ
ҹ䳾ʵߵĺ֧࣬Խʶ࿴ҹ䳾ʼӴʵ
Ӵϲһǧ껹ûĥƽܻ𱬵ôҹ䳾һϮɫ棬繫Ӹһ㡣
ҹηЦ϶Զǧʵ𽣶죬Ϊףˣ
ǧô˵ֵǧûˣնȻ֪ܴӰƽıףء
ҽףأˣԳٻȥʡҹηֵĺܲͷֺȵ
ҹ䳾¶һ˿թЦݣĺǺǵҪһȥˡ
ţ
ҹηҲЦˣôֵһǧ겻϶ҹˣҲãҵҪΪˡ
ǧҪᣬֵܣôǰ֡ҹ䳾΢΢һЦɱ⡣
ЦһתЦЦֻܣţ޽ȥһ涼ˡ
ʲô
ʲô
ҹηȫ𣬽𽣶еǿߣصļ̫ϳڰҲɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
Ϊҹ䳾еĺţ̫ˣΪֲļʯ֮һ
ҲĿ¶֮ɫںţ˽Ĳ࣬ʦƽ϶λйܡ
ţͬԶϬţһʦֵܣεʦ֮һ
˵ţѾԪôܴ޽أ
ǡ
Ǳˣ˵ʵûа취ҽˡ
ǷʼԴǣ˭˺ţʲôҵɲʵ
ôܣţʦΪͨ쳹أѾֵ׳꣬ôܴ޽أҹη˫Ŀ죬ܿƵⱬն͸ˡ
ţҹηСҹηĸȻţ޽ʱ
ܣȴ˵ﻹڻʵҶ㡣ҹ䳾Цݣû˿ĵӡ
ҹη˫Ŀ죬񱩵һǧԻ𵽺ܺõЧֱֱضҹ䳾һХھͻʵ
ֻҹηЩףĽ𽣶ᷭˣתͷȥ
ҹӲصҵİΣʦֺʦһıƵġ
շ΢΢һЦ֣سŵҹӾܷģػʦֶȥ䡣
ҹηͷĿػܣЦ֪СӲҹĳҲܲסλ˼룬ҲλǺãһСڽ𽣶⣬Ǿͱҹĳˡ
Ǻǡ
ҹ䳾˫˸Īƽľ˵ܣڲ飬̫ܵˡ
ҹηб۴϶û˼㶷Ǳʣһỹġ
̫ܶˡҹ䳾νһЦǫ́򿪴
߰ܣţʦ֮Ҳټһġҹ䳾죬ֻζŨ
ߣ
ҹηٴߣ봫ɲǻĹ׺ݵĿڰеǿ߶΢΢һ
ʵϵǴⱣˡ
ˢ
âһҹ䳾ҹηӽ𽣶ȥ׶ʱһֱǻŵĸо
𽣶ڣҪԼ̫ˣкܶ˲ԸԼ䣬Ϊһܹɵĸֶᷢ췭ظı仯
ʦֶĻ̫ɽϢֻպĴ䣬Ϸڴˣ㲻صġշЦݺͰ׵ļ
æ˵˼мĻһ¶Цݣ΢Цʦ壬ƽʦ֣лǵĺ⣬ʦѾˣ̫ɽһʧġ
ʦ֣
һ˶΢΢һôðһʦ֣̫ɽʲôܣ
䣡
̫ɽһɵȻȴֻ°ϢһĪϢҹη֪Ҫǿٱ


77 ʬǵ
й徲Ϊϱ棬͹ⲻȾȻˣ֣δ
һɫӰ̫ɽ̤£ӰҲѾǰ⡣
Ӱûп¶ǿϢŤ־޴ѹȸͶ΢΢ɫ
ʥ죬ҲУνǿߣľȻڵġ̫߾̫һ֪ǰƽʱյһλӡ
ʦ壬ƽʦ֡ɫӰȻǰ׷ֱ𽫽һ꣬Ҫǿػʱٴγˡ
¶֮ɫ췢̫ˣÿһ鶼Ԥϣƿ֮С
ʥĴȻ׵ʦ֣̫һĵʵ̫ˣڽ𽣶һĴ
շ֮ɫһߺǺЦϵϢϤʦʦֵĵӣ
ֻүѣʦܲһʦ֣Ҳƺһʦ塣ЦЦдһ˿衣
ããã
շ縧ƶЦʦʦֶ͵ĵӣҲܺЦȪˡ
ʦˡ
ʦ֡ǳһĻع޺֮ǣ԰ȻȥΪ׼ˡ
šֻǵһۣȻֹضշ˵ʦ壬һЩҪСʦܣû飬ǿɷ̫ɽ
ȻǺǡշЦ档
ƽʦֱؿһͣշƮȻԶȥ
շ˿ȥ㶼Ĭ
շתͷͿȥܲɣͣ㿴˰ɣ̫һô򵥡
ǡ
ʶ̫һĵ̺û˭ı̫ɽˣʥǿɨƽһϰ
ˣҲҪȥʦֵ𽣶Ҫηչҹûƭǣһ޴ķ籩ˡ
ǰҪˡ۾

̫ɽ
Сʦ
Ī񣬰´ۣͷ޵һӣֵúú
ȥɡĪº΢ЦʵʦôŻûеõʥʬ
ûС
࣬ʱһ·׷ȥǾʬ·ԣ籱׷СҲû׷ϡ
׺ȻʥȻ£һʬҲһǻʸǰ֪жôǿ󣬼ʹƾһʬҲܽߴʥǿŪڹ֮С
أ
ʸʬ崩գʬǵأ˵ӶСûиҴ롣
ʲôʬǵأͷƤըг
ǵġЦ۾˫Ŀз·ֵյΣˮ˺գȻȻ뵽ʬǵأǼȫפ㲻ǰûһ˸ҽȥһ̽
ҲǣϾ֮һҴ롣һҡͷЦ
ʬǵأʼԴ֮һϿʿľء
˵̫ĵط֪澿ôֻԳ̫Ϣ˸ȥš
б޵ǿ߽ʬǵأƬ̱㴫ֵĺУһҾ徵ֻȼִЩţ
ʱ𶯣˵֪澿£ʲôܣҲΨдйϵĻĹ֪һȴĪû˸͸¶ʲô
ʸʬȻӽʬǵأбȻžܣһʸȻһɾ䲻֪ǺȻɾޱȣ˿Լġ
ģͷһоһջʸʬ
һʬѣգֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬼ʸ渴Ҳһȭ򱬡
Ǽᶨֻ΢ʧֱôݲȣһǿź޵еķɡ
ûע̬΢΢̾Ϣһʸʬʬǵ֮˱ԷֿˣʦַǳȥСƬ̣Ҳȥˡ
Ŷ
Ŀһʦȥ˻Ĺżң
ǵģס˼£ҵǰΪǫͣҲѧܶණ뼧ҽãΪҲĪĺôͷһЦ
Ǽ𽣶Σ׾ԼѾɾûʲôͬˣǴ˵еĻĹָһʲôģ
ûпɱԣ֮𡣡ɫȻȻЦǻĹżҵͱȽ𽣶˰ٱֹ
˰ٱʧе𽣶ݺһĹżǶȵôˣ
ʼԴǵȷ̫ˣ󵽳
ȻԼѾһ࣬ʼǾ֮ܣž޴ǱҪΪأҲΪΣա
ǷɻңǿƼĹǣΨбǿܻøڡ


78 䣨ϣ
Ĺҵǿ󳬺ǵĻĹֻмңôȫˡ
̾ϢҿƽʦĲҪһչȭţȻֻҪĹҴڣôʼն룬ҽ뵽Һ󣬱мʮǿ޵еϢɨţЩϢޱȵǿӦȫĴڡ
ʮǿߣ˻Ĺ֮⣬ôӵĵ̡
ȥһ˼Һ֪𽣶СҲ֪ԼΪʵ㲻ʲô̤ʿͲ°ˣôʼԴأ
ЩϹǲɽԣһؽѣɨһеƻĹҵ
ĬȻĬƬ̣˵ʦ֣Ҿպը
ͷһԣ
š
ЦһѣⲢ£һӶµµΪжȹһһ
ҪǿΪ㻤ʵڲо˳
ʦ־ܷģһһЩյġЦЦ

ʱһţҹηͰ壬̫ɽڱð޵ӸɽѰ¡
պҹ
̫ɽ±֮ѾˣҲ˼λ̫ϳϣƻĸ׻մҲˡ
Ǹ֮⣬вٷһվڻմ󣬾㶼ĬȻ
֮ԪΪһЩ쳣ǿģȻڴмϵĻĹУԪʿʲô
Щ֮⣬ͺշҲˣԼ׽һĸ֮ͼλƽ˽̫ϳϡ
Ϊ̫һһշ¶ο͹΢Цʦֶ㲻ýţǾ޷׵ɺϷϳ־㡣
΢΢ϹʾлЦʦ仰ҾͰĶˣʦֶᾡһԣϣṼʦĺ
á
շ΢Ц漴۹⳯մ˿ȥĿζƵʦֶҲģᰲĴ䣬ϷһеҰİࡣ
մϻɫۣһԲһЦʦЩΪ־٣
շɫҲܵʦȣʦܻԶ
ŽͬСɣѱ͵ϮˣʦһҪСػСմЦЦĿһԶס
ɫĮȻܵĻţƺѾﵽһԲڵľ硣
ʦֲصģǽ𽣶Ҳʲô˶ܵҵģв֮˵͵ϮԻʦֵֶҲӦ
Ǻǡ
մ΢Цҡͷа̫ˣ겻˽ˡ
ߣ
շЦ漴ͷ

ҹ٣̫ɽ̼侲ף˵עԶľ
޴ľѾƴֻҪ̼ףʱǧ׹£ɰڴһ١
գȻѹ
ԶӰ´£ھ䣬մɫüް۾׵ıӰ
ײĴݣһž̤ڣźԥؿɲǼƱãʮ޴ľת
䣡
ײԼʵȫŷ˻ɫѪأֱɡ
⡭
ˣ׵Ϣʵ̫ǿˣȻǹвȻֻ޽ѣżû
˻Ľɫ·գԿʿֲսе˼顣
ÿһԪʿ׿Խ֮Ȼȣ·֮
ŽôĹΪǿʣܴ䣬ôǽ𽣶ȻܳԽһлĹңɨ򡣡
һλĿʡ
Ȼǿ󣡡Ŀͬ˵һ䡣
ɣ
ʱһȣ𶯾죬ڷ٣Ѿﵽѵ״̬ʾѾѹա
¡¡
״Ѿɹع̫ɽһƬǳѹ֡
Уһâ˸ÿһǧɳŰԲյͨ
ڽڵĴ١շɫ΢䣬жһ˿Ǻ͵ġ
û뵽ôƴȻҵ׺ȻŽ壬ӲޱȣӲҵ׽٣ίʵǿһЩ
ưô̶£ƺͣ߷裬Ī
ȣ
һλſһ£һƥӿзɳСĽ𲯣סĴꡣ
ʼˣ
˵Ŀͬʱȥ
䣡
ʱһɳľ޴ߴӿж䣬Яصΰݺݵسȥ


79 䣨У
ȣ
״ȣ˷ɫѪܲ״󣬴ڽ˸һС
֮ͨ˫ĿһâصѪؿڵľ
ߺȻ䣬һĻĻǰ
˿û赲ߺҾȻõȥӭ
䣡
⣬޴߽װΧӲߣȻ޾ǣﴦ
䣡
׵׵ﴦըȫҷ˱óġ

״ȣ˫Ŀâ޾ס
ûըȻûըŽǿӲѾ⽫ڵûը
֪֮Žı̬޽ѣȻӲһߺˣ˿ɺ
״ȫת״ӿ£׹⽫װΧ
ƣ
׵ԽԽǿ׵ĽɫѪܶ࣬Ҳһ˿Ѫнɫ
һдžģޱ׵ȥ
СѾըһȭͷСģ;Ѿ飬Ȼʯûб顣
ĲôʦѾƴˡĿ¶֮ɫǿסûгֽ״
ô׵ģҪʮ䣬浱Լ֮ô
ƻ¶Ц׽ѵϸֳЦݡ
̫ɽӭ䳰ȷˣҪǻͱ졣ǿƣȵ
ߣƻЦ⡣
䣡
׺ԽԽܼϯΰ£һƬ޴׺װΧס
ۣ
飡
񰵵һѪӴѣۼҪ
ʦܣС
һܼ֣׺д׺תɾ޸ͬʱӴָóʳ
ֱʳ裬˲Žĺܲһ㡣쳣
ֱʳΨԪʿſԣײ޽ѣȻҲʳ裬ʹ˫Ϊս塣
䣡
ɾޱȣƵʼ޸׵Ҳ±˻ʲôΪŽ쳣ЩΪȻ
޸޸ΨСȻ˿ǣ׺񱩵
䣡
׵ޱȣ׻㼯ֱܻأѾӽɫΪֲɫס
飡
˲䱻⣬ѣ飬Ȼϲǣʯĵﾹһ˿ѿһ۲ɼϸ졣
ˣ
пϲ춯Ȼܴأһжֵõġ

һȫתɾԼٶ޸ţͬʱǣ׺
¡¡¡
ըһһ޾ױΧ׺УǴ粽УѪȫ
׺쳣ʱһ׺Ȼ䣬һӾͽ׸ˡ
䣡
飬һӱɿ⣬ӼȫˣڵϺϢ
ʦܣ
УӾ״а׾ȳ
ҵһ¡շɫأס
ܽо׻һ˿շĻͣˣģѾͷһĴϳ֡
һδ
Ƭ̼䣬ȫɢ⣬ɫѪֱɾеƪõ£ôصȻް
һ㣬ֻһ㵤ͻ飬ʱܱˡղһӣ׵ĵ飬Ȼĵʵ̫ʵˣֻһС룬ȫըٻҪ̶ȵĹ

׺ƣӵվԡѪȻȻһΨҶİ
ףըձسɣһ绢Хɽ֣ޱȡ
ɫˣ׼ԸԼηǶеһ˿η
һɳǽǶôĿֲ
ӹ¡մɫѿǻմѾ޽ӽܴϿһ˿쳣
ǵļ飬޵еŽ弴ĳʿС
ӲҺҶûл·մУӿ޵ɱ
䣡
һ׽䣬ٴδϣٴαɳȥܴء
ʮϢײŴӵ¶صЦݡ
ĵѾӽ飬Ƴ
ȣ
ȻʱһֻƷ·ָһɽɢ嫵ķѹȥ
󵨣
շͰͬʱȡ


80 䣨£
׼ƳϳΪԻĹźΨһŽ壬еǿ߲أȻ֣뽫Ĩɱ
ɱ֮ǧҪɱδɳŽ塣
󵨣
һȣͷɫĹǷɳСȵؽסһơ
ָɽ񱩶ݺݵشھ޴Ĺϣʱױȵ죬ǧ޹Ļݣ𶯡
Цϳ֣ͬһƻָ飬Ȼ˫Ŀâǧɵնĳնȥ
ۣ
ͻȻһߣշ飬һʬ£˲ʬ޴档
˺Ȼʵ˾㤣ƺĲ̫һķĳ飬ǿֲ

вһˣһѤĵɳ֮ͬڣЩǼ󣬵ɱĿ꣬ס
֪ڽ𽣶ңȫɱ
ͳˣĿ࣬൱ϣſһƥƺƵһƽ⣬ǵײһ
̫ɽ฽ɽ飬̫ͬɽ嶼ھҶĪɽȻ壬վڴŦģ۹ۿ
͵ʵʤһһǽĵˣһʹԭʧ
¡¡
ӼԶҵսȻ˲ֻ˵ط˲Ϣ;תս֪ɱ˶ǿߡ
͵ΪԽɲˡշ΢Цδ֣һǷմӣҲΪػס
Ǵʱ
ͨԡѪӲƾǿٴӲһס
飡
¸һҵﳹˡ
飬ڵķշʱ̹עףڼ״䣬ϵ¶ϲı飬Ŵܣһν𽣶ϲĿھڡ
һ̣ɫ͵һ䡣
ͷų⣬貣ȫ˲޾û
ͬ¶ظЦݣһ߳״󣬸ı仯Լⷽصı仯
ЦĺܲãӨһ㣬Ӵָóһ·ϣһֳʣܸо˺ܶ࣬Ѿʿһս
ˡմоâһֲͷļ䡣
ǴŽôĹʱ޿ƥеĴڣһ·ɳôǸӽٲ֮ء
ʦܣɹˣϲȻδ䣬޾ɱ֮Ϯһɽ̫ɽôȻڿѸٱС㳯ѹȥ
ǽ𽣶õˣӵ˴Ž壬˭ϣ¶ǿҲɱ
շкâһˡ
᾵Ĵ̽ĥһͽɽ֣ɽݺһա
䣡
շ΢΢һɽ̼仯Ϊ촷ۡ
λʦ֣Ž䣬ǽ𽣶δϣλʦְֳɣĵȫɱ
շ˸źâ¡¡𽣶졣
ˢ
ʮǿϢӸɽ崫ͬշĸ֮ҲˣʼѰĵˡ
ģôءһоվڰ
аȫ⡣
𽣶Ѿǧ겻˴ģϮ֪жɵǿ߰͵ϮȫԪʿƽ𽣶һ١
䣡
һλĵ˻Уȫѣ̶
սװȻ𽣶Ҳʼǿ߲䣬շѣһ׷Ʈ裬ֻת˲ɱʮˡ
ȻҲ鷳ˣԪǿ߸סˣҲǿóϻ֮رѣݣշһʱȻ
Ψմûг֣Լӹĸ֮ܵȻûȥս
࣡
һ䡣
ʦܣڴ䣬ǲѾˣۿ˻մˣĿУ׵ʵ
š
΢Цͷ
ȷ֮ǰͬˣʮøΪͺͿ󣬿ɸ
ȫļѪÿһȫ׵ϴ󣬱Խļ᲻ɴݡ
ţһǿߵһǿ¡
Ϊǳ̬εȻͬ
¸·ǳãޱȵ£·ȡ֮ÿһλ˱ըԵ
ʦƳԺȻ°빦̫һˡЦ
ˣϷĨɱǵϣ
Ȼ䣬дһһɿֲѹЯɱ̫֮ɽ


81 벽
䣡
ѹĿ£ѹķأǳڲƺһ֮ǳܴơ
죬ز̫ɽĻɽ߽⣬סһ
벽ʥ
ƻиֳ֮ɫմҲޱȽΪޱߵɱ֮ˣֻԼ
ȣ
ɫȻһȣͷڿУ׺Ī棬ڽǿҲܼɵ
벽ʥҲԪΪⰵеľǿѾﵽ벽ʥ۷壬𽣶̫ϳ϶Ķ֣ȻҲѾ벽ʥ֮ȣȴ֮
ˢ
Զλ̫ϳϷһλߺȵʦܣĪҪϢˣɽͬС
ǡ
մԸսȻ˵ʦ֣ڽ𽣶λ磬Ҳ
䣡
մգλ̫ϳһ޴Ľҡϣ貶ÿһǧɳɢ嫵Ϣ
λ̫ϳϴ߶޾Ľ˸еĵ˰Χ
˭𽣶Ѱƣһɱһλ̫ϳϱȡ
Ǭ
У˱ȣĳһݺȥնʱݣ޾Ŀռӿ̫ɽҡҡ׹ʹɽȫ濪Ҳ޼¡
ֻ˲䣬гǧϰɽ廯촷ۣԲǧһ
ǬôϧΪ̫ˣסϷ򡣡
һֻˮɫɳ˲Ϣǧɴ󣬶Žݺȥ
Ǭɱ
仯Ī⣬ĽַԲХһͰǼʥ͸εɫмӿн䡣
Ǭɱʥѣ뿪Ǽ̡һλ̫ϳϲ֣Ͼһ벽ʥ˭֪Ǳʲô
ߣǬʲôλһ֮ԶӴһɻɬɽϢڶͬ纣ǿѹȡ
մţЩδμսĸ֮ȫɫ䣬ɫ԰ףеһ벽ʥҪǽ𽣶쿪սô
̫ûֳˣ벽ʥͬʱΧһɣѾȫ濪սˡ
ǻһɣ벽ʥǿǰ̼ܻҷ𣬳ʧ
ˣ
һ벽ʥǿֲڽ𽣶ϿʱһͳȻը죬һλߵ˷ŭϡ
䣡
һ㤵ϢȻ𽣶죬֯磬ͬʱɫѪҺֻ˲Ͳ֪ɱ˶֮С
һʥ벽ʥǿȫоȻһ˿˿֡
ôҲûϵ𽣶ȻʥǴ˵еĴڣһɵĵ̣ǧ궼һΣʥۣʥһŭҪ
ߣ
λ벽ʥܹϣϾ˺ߡ
ʱ
һֻ԰׵Ĵֲ֪Ӻδ̽һֱȥ𽣶ȫˡ
𽣶꣬˭ƣȫҪ
˵ǳǿƣһɽѪϢһϢסߵˣһգʿи߲ʵİ벽ʥǿ߾ô𣬳׵
棡
н𽣶ĵӶĪǰľˣǿλ벽ʥ޵߰ô׵ıɱˡ
ܹ㷨̼ɱĵˣҲΨн𽣶棬ΪĽˡ
ˢ
н𽣶ĵӶиߺ棬ٵӶſͷݣĿȣߺ޵У𽣶޵С
ҲȥϾǽ𽣶ĵӣɵҪ
ڽ𽣶ôãԽҲ˽⡣
һλʿǽ𽣶ʼСʦܣһֱ껹ûɲ⣬ĹҶԸ
ǧǰ𽣶һɽԹʱѣĹҳͣûã˫˽ʿ󽣶֣һһԷʿǧˣš
һս춨𽣶쳬һɵĵλڴйϵĻĹҡ
𽣶ֻ괫Уƽǿƣսϱ̲ɽأ͸ɲ⣬ɶʵˡ
ԽɲŻ˸Ȼһս󣬽𽣶Ʊظӵ
һ벽ʥѾ˺ܳһξ룬Ǹս
ͣ󣬽𽣶ڿʼչأٻеӣȴ֮Ԫӿɽţʮһɲ׼ɽ
ͳʲô·ԣɱ벽ʥɱֻϲʲô
ǣ档У͹
֮ûô֣һսλλӣǲЩ̫ô
Ӹ
ӹȥŵӺŵӶϻ̳Ͽ֣Ľ̵
ʮ֮󣬸һ䣬ѡʥӡƬ̣˵һ仰ȻǹϢȥ


82 
ƽɢȥ𽣶쵽Ƕϱڲԫɽ촷ʧˣ⿰һ٣Դǧǳս󣬽𽣶δʧ
ǽΪͨ쳹أֻ½ЩĻϲǿĻΪƽء
ܴصȻ̫һɽ嶼ʧˣԲǧǧٿףҲ̶á
ⶼС£պú嫷һɽؽ̫ɽ
ܵشȣǾʮѡʥӲ޴ɧ
ŷϴǽ𽣶һŵӣѾΪʥӽʮˣʮΪĺܿ죬Ϊ𽣶һǿߡ
ʥӶʮѡһΣȷҲǹأӽ˵Ե̫Ѱˡ
ѵѵŷϴĲҪѡһλǱĵӣ
ôý濴ص˵˭
ɲǼ뵽һǾǸոմס
Žս£˭Ҳ֪ĹʱŽжǿԹഫÿһλɵŽ嶼ǾԵİߣ򳼷¡
ԼɾȻһλŽ壬֮ʼˡ
紫˵ôǰ֮𽣶Ϳˣ
ӶڴҪ̫һȻΪܵ΢Ž̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪֮Ž徿ɳʲôز

ͬʱ
Ž䣬ƳϢ쫷һ㣬ÿһ䡣
Ĺżҡ
ռһĴ½½ǧҩ£ǲɶõʥء
ڷ٣ϴЦݣɢǿϢȻʱ΢΢ŤƺѾҪһ㡣
һǧɳͷҡϣ֮ǰһ֪ǿٱ
ƳҹΪɲ壬ٶȷǳĿֲѾǴﵽ죬սǿᣬһʿ⡣
Сڴˣ̫ˣȹ걾پȥ㣬ҵҪŽƾʲôɲ֮ϡ
񴿾޼֮ģ׹ϵܺãϻ빲ֵܣֵܴ䣬Եĸˡ
ҵһ½ϡ
ģӰֳʱռŤ½ʧˡ
ʮ֮ڣŽܹﵽڣǿ𽣶ˡһɣƺ޾¡
ССĽ𽣶츣Св˲ýһ·ɳȥ
˱壬ʱ̹עĶɲĨɱ𽣶졣
ǡ
ϵܺãǼǷܹ۰򣬾Ҫˡ
ǵһ̫ˣֻĹŵĻԻͣһǷ
ȥ
ֹǣԼĹҶԲߣϵĲ֣ɲò
״˲䣬Ʊãƺĺƽ
սʱ

¡¡
ǳѾȥ£ú嫷ɽ壬ؽ̫ɽ
Ҹ֮Ҳף״䣬ΪʮһŽ塣
ʽ̫ɽ˿̳ģҲף״䡣
˵ֻǻʿһ춼ûдﵽǱһ֮λߡ
ʦʵǲʹǰףءĪͦúֱϴŽЦݡ
ЩüˣȻ޽û޳ɣŵܸߣŵӶڰͽĺݺһѡ
أЩӰӭͿͣʵһЩ˳һ
ڰ̫̾һѾƲɵˣҪ֮޺ãڻմǱߡȥѵմҶ׳ֲɣ
ʵǲʹˣЩӲûмȥǳ֮Ŀ飬ѻһаоΨ֪ǳ֮
ΪȷٱޱȵǿͿֲЩӵȹ̣ÿԸ벽ʿһսܡ
Сɽһˣŵѡʮˣ̫һգҲҪһЩūдˡ
ǡ
Īɺɽȥ
¹ڣЦݵǰһ
ǸսɲãڵʦϽɣЩȫǸ֮ͣ˼ܣǷ飬ºĪһһݷ˸֮㹻赱ꡣ
׿ڣоɲ̧ȥ΢Ц


83 ׼չ
̻Իͣ棬ذ嶼þɣֲʧϡ
㶼ΪʵҪְҲǿߡ
ЩӼ̫ԪʿһλʿľѾֲˡ
ַ
ַ
ЦݣǳĿò
λѾõˡЦЦҲֱλϡ
̫һƿߣ磬ʮһŽ壬ҲΪΪ΢
ַˡæǫá
һλӴָóǧҩɵҺһ
ƵϺܹأǼɢâһɺĪ̺ڣﵽ벽ʥܡ
Ǻǣλ̫ˣĳ񣬻δλš
ҽҵܵʵַ䣬ʵˣǰףأ񲻳ɾ⣬ϣҪܾ
ӣ
ֺţ׵ɫʱʱ䵭λջ̫һûʶӡ
ֵɫҲͬʱһЦַ׻˵úãֲЦˣǶҲһ⣬ϣҪܾ
Ǻǣʵ߸ϵĻӣĳҸʣĳҪλذɡЦЦ۾˵
ַ̫ˡɫЩҲġ
ѾˣҹηֿѣĳûеһʱλȥѾǸһĳȻܡ
ߣ
һŭߡ
ܵȣƬܲΧһˣ죬˫ضףЦСҪΪԼʲô˲ڱһֻûʲô𡣡
ףأǿ㣬ĪҪǵöӲã˵̫һ𽣶Ҳ
ЦЦûֹȻַǺαأûмӷۣܱӿĸϣַҪִ̫ƲԳԷƵûк³ġ
ЦˣǹɿֲӶλ˿۾Цλвң
ֵŵı΢΢һ٣ǽ𽣶죬벽ʥ˵أοֻڵľ֡
ַǶӳĳ㽻һѣղֵðˣˡ
ѾˣҸʲҸҹηӣ߰ɡ
ֵģ̫ˡ
ߣ
ɲǼ䣬ޱѹִһִֻ̽ɢɬϢһץסֻ㾫
ʥ죡λǰ֪ˣǰֵܱץסϹâһԳ壬ɳĺ㡣
ҹ䳾Լǻûʸ̫ɽҰ
˷΢΢ֵܶʱҺȫϵΪ

ͨ޳֣ȻӴѹɽƵģ纣
ͷ㾫ѵĻָΣɿȥٲ̫ɽƬ̡
ʦܣڴ⡣߳ȥңһλԪϴ˼̫ɽУ̫ɽ
š
΢۾΢ЦЩҷͷҲúúˣӽ̫ɽɽ󣬳ȴҵĺ֮⣬һɲ׼ɽˡ
áЦЦٴУǷǳ͵꣬ѧ绢Ҫͷ

ʱĪͬʱʮŵӣЩ궼󣬶Ҿ˵ʲ̫ãڽ𽣶ò졣
ʦЩӰʦѾ׵Ҷܸɾһڼ顣
׵ͷЦ̫һļӣ̫һķʱǣԴӲһЩؼǣЩŵӴѾѧϰ£Ҳ֪ˡ
ǣʦ𡣡Īͷ
׽ЦҾҪչأչصʱ䲻̫ɽͿɻķϣϣҳغѾ޽ˡ
İʦһʧĪȭͷʮ㡣
ڶ죬̫ɽɽչأټκһλˡ
˿̴ӴĻʳˣ˵ѾչˣƤ¶һ˿ʧСߵִǻˣһ첻ô
ŷϴվĬ̫ɽһĨɭɱһš


84 
һĴɽۣ֮չء
ɽǰǧɸߣɽƮ죬Ȫɽƣ޳Ⱥǧһɶõʥء
ϥɽۣ֮ɣӸë׽룬ȻתɾڵڽʸߣΪٵ
Щûмȥڤ͸ǳ֮ȹеľ磬Ψлȹ̣Ժ°빦
һ;עؼ壬ʵԪȻĲβŻбϡ
ӯѾȥǳ֮
䣡
ɽӽʮ΢΢һ𣬽ɫѪᴩǿɽ֮ۡ
һǿϢͷųȻֻǸոƳϢʿ
޾ҡϣɽ۶ǽӲӵģɽܵɾ̲øΪ׳Щǡ
ȫͷԼѪСǳҲʼת·ǧǳ任Ī⡣
վɽ£ɽ۵Ŀ¶֮ɫ૵ÿֲѪʦܽĳɾͲ֪ж£ϻĶô
תɾķʼأǳ֮
ǳÿһʿǳ֮һЩ֮ǳ֮ΪǿΪǽдܴ档
׿ʼɲǣ𽣶ϹǶֹͣһǿʶƹɽ˽Ҫһƴ˵еŽܸε
ʥľǿߣܲһ΢ʶ̫ɽЦһȴûгֹ
дλѹĦ޿ɺǣĳһͷͨľ֣󻰵Ҳ˵ǰ棬˭ҪǸҵңݹְĳˡ
Сҷģǻң
һʶƺƵ˻ɽ󣬾ͣڰС
档
档
һȺǿȫʧɫû뵽׸ȻҲˣ׵ӺͰ
׶ڸĽҪͷҪţͬʱҲҪлɳˡ
һȺȻ״ʱֳô󶯾ڸ˵Ҳǿ߰Ϯɱֲ涼ˣס
䣡
Խǿʼڤ֮ͼǳ֮
ƺ鷳ʵȴܼ򵥣ʿѪͷųȥصǳ֮ǳѪܹͨôͿԼȡǳͷųΪڵʿ
ͷųѪתɾķͼǳ֮ʱ
ʱ
֮⣬߿Ŵгɶǣɢ΢Ĺâ
ÿһǳ̺صʱһǳƺӦʲôһϷɳԽ£֪Խ˶ôңԶĵطϢؽ䵽ʼԴϡ
⣡
΢΢һȻеһɺ嫵ԼѨС
嫵ԴԴ⴫һиֳһ塣
ǣϵ
ԺУǱǶôĹϤ·һִƺֻص̧ͷܿеıǡ
ǣ̰ǣҾȻٻ̫˼ˡ
׸оǳĻ˲֪ãԿ϶߳ϵž޴ǡ
ȻҲû뵽ȻԸǵ֪ٹ꣬Լò˼顣
ɾƪйأǵϹŴͨʿɾܸƬԽյǵ
ǣӦ߸ؾѵһɺôǡǻʿӦɵ
׺ȻоһëȻʵǵʿɵָνأ
ƿ֮Բبž磬Ȼ磬ʲôƶأ
أݲ׺˼룬վֻһոմﵽһʿϹЩţڵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
̰ǵ壬ùĦ׸Ľ׳
棬Ǻ⣿
ЦһʶڿлһŰЦûʲôǸо֣׶⺢ӸδţŽҵͨʿ治һ
ȷʵɻΪȻ޷׸ǳ֮һǳıһͬʱаԾ裬ŽȻ봫˵һ˹թء


85 ٴν
ֺɽۣ֮ʶܸоõǳǿᣬԶǵɵҪǿ̫ࡣ
Žڲͬҵ硣ЩԪʿж̾ʵĲ಻ֲΪϡٵŽ壬ܸҲȻ֮ڡ
ɽ֮ۡ
׻ĸһɹɾգתɾķ֮Ȼɾ
䣡
Сת·󣬽գûƵзƺܼա
׺Ȼоܶɶθһѵոôô
ա
һѪأԽʢƺɽ۶ǽӲӵģ
䣡
ԽԽдԸ߿մա
ģɽ屻ɫѪɫ֣Ѱ˸ʲô
λ߰ɣ׶ȹ̻һΪСչ£չҲпܣǲٿˡ
俴ɵһǳ缫ߣһ۱Ƴ״ʱ״̬΢΢̾ϢһӴʶȥ
󣬸֮ʶҲ뿪̫ɽͬʱһк
Уֻ΢΢ͷ˵
ҪľǱ֤Сʦڱչصʱ򲻻ܵţҪԵİȫͰ
֪£һΣ¹ȥѾʢļڣ𽣶ڲȣȻһ˿֮ɽ嶼ǧ죬ҩ죬Ʈ˵
ױչصڣ𽣶Ʊ仯ʵ¡
ǷĪīҲǺʥӣۣȻȴڻԵɺ֮£ڳǷɽһλһӴ֮ٶȷɿ죬ڳΪһٳ
ͬʱʥŷϴʽչأ˵Ϊ˳죬Ϊʮѡʥһ
ֹŷϴ༸λʥҲ٣˴ﵽΪ
ɽķˣȻŵѰҵһߵ꣬ζͨ̶ھȻ޽˴ΪĽ̾һкˡ
̫ɽŽ𽣶µı仯ҲԾ̾
𽣶ʵȷǿ𣬺֮ʤһѾڻĹңκε̫࣬ٸ𽣶ǧķչʱ䣬ȡĳһĹҴӶΪ֮һҲпܵġ
䣡
һգ̫ɽɫѪȣһ緢ɫѪʮ
˾ȣ׷ײĿȥ
֪רĽɫѪϵʿ΢üͷ۾̫ɽķ
Ѫǳʢֱһʿ˶ĬȻŽһ䣬²ɵչֳһ档
ʦǡҪס˫Ŀһ̲סһ
һ첻ʱ䣬׾Ȼٴνףٶ˾̾
ʦ˫ܼЦЦ֮С

гɶǵž޴һ΢΢һһâ˲䴩򣬽ٵʼԴǡ
붨е׶Ȼſ˫â˸оһɲͬڣͬʱǰֳǿģ
ǵôƺ̰Щ̰ͬôԵȴһƽ͵Ϣ
ǵڣ׿ʼתɾķתΪ
ڽûĸΪ̣ӵʢģȡ֮
ֹ£ңԶһǳ𶯣һɾ
ǵһֻԪʿܸǳ𺳺ǿ
ɾķ۵ڣƵԽ£·һͼƺǷȱĿŴһ㡣
޾һĽɫѪ̫һеķ羰
̫֮ϳѾľֻ֪Ž죬ȴ쵽ز̶̰ʱСΣʵսһʿ
ʱֹ£Ѿչһ࣬˫Ѫվ
ڷ٣޳˫˿˿â漴ȫ
˿̣ѾǻʿѾȫӴ󣬷·ּ̧ܴǳ
򲻴̶һСΣҪúȹһˡ
ӴɽϷɽ·һ˿ĽɫâɽҰʢĲľ͵ޣȫմ˹⣬޾֣ʱ䡣


86 㳡
һɽ;ޣЩ޷ǵûйǵΧеؽš
дɽܣǣɸߵİ׻Щޱ˴˿˳ۣ׶׽һͷϵӯ׼ϡ
ЦЦɽп棬ǼȻѾǣͺúһʵʱʦΪǿ̳ȡջΡ
Ϊմ׵Ĺ⣬ǣȫϲУ뿪ˡ
΢΢һЦͷ޿Ʋʲôǧ̫֮һͻλʥǿߣʱ̫һΪ𽣶ǿһɡ
Ҳǳ֮ңԶıǵغĪ⣬Щ޻һڲͬĵ·ʼԴе嶼Ȼͬ

ʦܣˣ׸ɽһֳЦݡ
ײʧЦʦֵ֮Խϲ
һЦӳƣ⣬Ҳܰ
һ٣ŵʦܱչһ࣬СΣʹ˫ĹЩҲ㡣
ѣһǿȣһԶЦЦĹСأ
ȥˣ⺢һǰ޽ȹһ£׼ȥɭˡ
š׵ͷսսȹΪİ취ɭһλ̫ϳڿأСӦް
ɭ֣ǽ𽣶Ϊרſٵһ֮أԲʮ޾ɭ֣ɭ޳ȺΪ
Եȫһ֮أഫھΣգĪޣɱʥ
ŷϴЩ꿡ȥһҲֻȥڰѣײȥھ
Сȥĵڼ򣿡Цʡ
ȻǵһȥڶֹˡЦ
һһЦСӵӵͦ󣬼ȻȥһȷʵûʲôΣա
Ƭ̣ȥһߣ˳ȥһ˽𽣷棬ȥѾͷڸʲô
׸һ·ɽڿٵӣжӣҲӣ֮󶼲һȻ󹧾ʺá
ڿɲ㵱ķˣǴŽ壬̫ɽһ֮λߣŷϴҲҪƺһʦ塣
̬Ѻãһһͷ΢ЦʾӦʱͷɵһ޴㳡Ͽա
ӿȥ㳡ޱ޼ʣռĶʱۼǧˣ֡
ʲô֣һӼæɺ׷̬ȹ
ʦ壬ǽ𽣶ÿʮһεͽ䣬ҲŵԾŵʱڣᣬЩŵһҲûΪŵӡ
ͽ䣬Щ˼ҲȥͽģЦʵ
ǵġ
ϡĶʵ꣬Ϊﵽ죬ɽһĵӣɽƽһλӶҲܿ
ţ֮¶ɣ
ȻᡣЦŽͣǶȥͽʦѵȤ
λ֪̫һ˶ϡ٣Ϊ׻ȥΪ̫һ֦ɢҶϾ̫һȵҲʥǿۺʵǿ
ãҲȥ֡ЦЦХһ¹㳡ȥ
λҡͷЦ״̫ˣ湫ӸףֻһЦ

ˢ
״ӿж䣬㳡ϣʲڿѸٻһ·δݵŽ𽣵ĵۡ
ټĽ𽣶죬ʸ۵ʮˣֻи̫֮ϳʸҲܴ𽣵ۡ
һɫװڷ٣ԵøоסѪ˳д󣬺ۡ
飡
ԶһŲԱʯÿʯʮɴСͨɫǽ𽣶һλʦƶɡ
ŵҪŶӵע⣬ȥʯԼ
һȭʯϣʯԶʾһȭԹ˹ۿ
ʱÿʯǰнŶӣȥԼ
ɫȻɫ멵۵ĶӶһԣСƵؿЩŵӼ
ȴ̫һ֮⣬嶼˺ܶˣҲЩŵѰһЩʲ꣬׳Լʵ
䣡
䣡
ȭףһȭХʯϣϲߣҲоɥߣмܲ˴Ѫʡ¡
ǷʮʯҲǷһȭֻٽǹȥչǸҪðɣǶۡ
һЦȻע⣬תͷȥ


87 Ѫͳ
ʮ֮⣬һɫڲԡ
ɫʯϺȻʾղһȭ
ٽ
һǳ΢ֵͨ׳һȭҲҪٽοһλŵӡ
Ŵ򲹶ľװԺݵ¶һ˿ɬ֮⡣
ٽֻٽôԼȻʺֻȾزֻгΪŵӲȡɵҩΪ
ģĿܾǿ촽ҧһ˿Ѫ˵һοһһԵġ
ʲУʺȥɡʯĮػӦ
Ҫ£һԵһλӲͷһ֣ʱɳȥصصԶ
Щˡ΢üͷе
ǰӹԺһ֮˽ϹǣվŵӣûбҪôء
Ȼ
׾һĻˡ
ڳˣܽʵһ֮·󺣣ȻվҾڸղһ˲䣬׷ϸܵһ˿ȵϢ
ˢ
Ѱۣϸꡣ
ؿڴһһţҲסһ֮
Ȼʧĺܿ죬ȴȫڣΪȻһͷˣһͷչɵɷ
ʵѪҺǴ࣬ѪͳҾһǿסˣԲķӣ̫ǿˣƺڰʦ֡
ͨѰۣϵܿͨ͸ؿϵֳˣƺܵ׿ӵĿ⣬һޱȳȵϢɲǼ
з˵Ϣ򵥣ǲգǱˡ
ţʲô֣׻δ˵һ޳Ϣǿվ
ʦ֣ô
ǰᰡԭҲˣǿҵż񡣡
ʦ֡

ĳ֣Ⱥʱٶӷ׷״кǳò
֮ƻĶӣҲǽ𽣶һٮٮߣʥ֮һʵǿ󣬰ǰڽΪڣǽ𽣶Ǳĵ֮һ
ֳӴΪûо쵽״ѾǿߣղظоһŵĳϢ
Ŀ磬멵ۣòӢŮӶ͵͵¶Ľ֮顣
Χ΢΢һͷк¶һ˿Цݣʲô֣Ը£

ȫȻ˶˼ؿְ𾪵Ŀ⿴ꡣ
ʦ֣㡭һλĵӴһܲؿ
ԼĴ㡣ЦЦĿⲢ⣬΢Цһ䣺Ըҵ¡
ҲعζôһλﵱӣȻƷŹֻ֮Ϊߣûй۲
ںҲˣȻڣû˻ᲵӣҲſˡ
εºܣȻǰмӣһȭֻ֮ٽҵ֮һûﵽ
㶮ʲôǰյôСЩͰѵǰǰԻ
ߣô˵Сˣһ죬ԺΪĵء
ŵ۷׷ף񶼼һεĽͼʡ
Ӱ忴ƺСƽƽЩڣôһ۵꣬ȴˡ
ϲ޼֮⣬Ŀ⸴ӵؿһۣǰһô
šЦЦûĸŵܹܾԼĺ⡣
ǰˡҾܾûԥ˵һ𾪵Ļ
ܾ
Ȼܾˣ
ˣ֪ߵغǰ㵱ĸȻҾֱܾ
ɵСвɣǰΪʦĪĻԵ
֪ˣ֮ǰһλӿãֺȸӣ˶ˣȸڴ֪ô¡һλŵӾԭ
ɫһ⻹ǵһ˸ҾܾԼĿ˸΢Щ˵ĿģΪԭԸΪʦ
ֳĬصͷֵлǰ⣬û֡
ߣ
ŭȻһϰŵӸˣһǵֳ˵ǰֱǳ裬ȥԼɺܴӰ졣
֪
кâһɱġ
ǺǣСǾסŲôȥ̫ɽΣ
Ȼ䣬һԽ𣬾˲Ŀһȥ


88 ʦ
Ŀɿڴӣ˭ô󵨣˳һ˫˫۾ȥ
׺ڷ٣ɫװĿ޳Ϊǳ֮ȥһۣһ˿Ӳʡ
ˢˢ
׶ʱ˵Ŀ⣬˲ϵȷǷҲû˸Ϸ
˭ĵӲˣȻ˸ǵ⣬ǳıӵҴǽ𽣶Ǽλǿߡ
ɫ΢䣬΢ɲһ𣬼æֹͬʦܵĲż񣺡ʦ壡
ʦ壡
һʦȫֳĬĿⶸȻһ¶ޱϣɫ
ֱΪʦˣֻ̫һŽ塭ף
ȻַᰡòĺӢʮһŽ塣ŮԵ˫ð⣬૵
ȻᣬΪһĶӣڽ𽣶ѾǴΪмʶ˶ŽǺεȿ¡
ֻҪ㹻ʱȻ޵򣬳ΪʼԴװĴڡ
˶̫ɽ̫һǿֻҪײһ̫һ׽𽣶죬Ϊǿһ
ֻǽ̫һڴͽŵӶʧȻ׵ͻȻʱ񳱣ŵӶĿ⾼Ҫβע⣬̫ɽ
ʦֶ񡣡΢΢һЦǸ⣺ȻСѲԸ壬ʦֶҹȻ˰ɡ
Ѹһ˿Цʦ˵Цˣɵѡ˭ΪʦɣԸʦ£ʦֶΪ˻
׵һЦܵĲں̫ɽԭѾֵˮݣһӣҲǸƻһССĽѵ
֣Ը̫ɽһʦԽ̵㡣ת˵
Ը⣡ԥͷֹҵǰ̫ɽּ
ֿƳƣȴмּǣٴγֵңæ׿ͷŽ˵ǰʽ̫ɽ
ߣ
ʱԶմһߣһɾ޴ѹӸ߿սһ佡׳ӰһСɽƵ䵽ϣɵĵ汻ȳһѷ졣
ŵӶɵ϶ԶԶؿϷ֪ĸֲ׹Ȼˣˣһ
վ⣬δԶȥʹ˫ۣô¡
׻Լߣ׻סԼá
ĪӲ̫һĪǹ֮ˣһŭɱˣŭףȻҲдӱѪڣһǲκˡ
֮ˣ׶ɫǿ£꣬Ҳĸ

΢ЦŲҲƶ֣Ͳɱ⡣
ף̫ӰɣСӼȻʦֿϵ˲ţĵӣҲʬ塣
ӿзļ佡׳һɸߣȫᣬը
ĬδֹԼʦܵçײ
ǻƻӣ賽ǻƻӣƻͬӣȻΪδڣڽ𽣶裬˸֮⣬ŷϴô
ʦֶҲĵӣʦȷǷô̳ĵӡЦЦ̡
ףҪ常ѹңһ˵Ӳۡ賽ЦмʿʲôʸԼа塣
ʦ壬ʦ賽ҲʦӣƢ꣬ϣ˴Ҫһʶ΢΢һЦƽؽ͵
ʦֽ޷賽Ŀ𳤣ֱǰ䣬ʵô򡣡
賽ЦݺһʲôŽ壬йƨǣڹӷһʲôݣӲġ
סʦ壬ҽҲʦֽѵĿ𳤡
ײ⣬΢΢һЦһѪͷͷųɫѪأ㳡ƺڲһ޵еϢ
һս£ղЦݽȻͬؿ賽ƽȳ֡
ߣ
賽Ȼ΢΢һܵޱ޼ʵѪԼڰΪԸһʿӦޱȵ顣
һЦȻӳȫ㡣
䣡
賽Ʊǣϳ


89 һ
¡һ賽֣·һͷҰޣǿײС
ϸֳǿҵĹâһȭݺݻ񷣬죬涼ڻζһѷ֣һȭǺεǿ
¶һ˿׾Цݣ賽δﵽڣʵȷʵǿġٲȭ󻯵رѾڰ벽ʿˡ
˶ȭ֣ȭɽźƺƵŵӶںˣΨֲԼ
ߣ
һЦҲˡ
ͷɫѪǧɣһһɾǿڱɽƵģǹ޵е־˲佫賽ѹ
ݣ
һӳһ㣬ɨҶƵĻ賽ȭ
׸ûи賽κηĻᣬ־ȫһĿ޷ӳ
ǳ֮ڷб޿ƥеùսɫ䣬¶ź;Ŀ⡣
ΪȻֻǻ죬纣Ѿˡ
賽ڰѣͲĶ֡
䣡
Եޱȣ·ؼһݻһУջһ޴ƣƾն賽ݺݰڵϡ
䣡
飡
ز汻ҳԲʮɵĴӣһѷȥǧɳ
ȫžѻȸڰʿȻס׵һ
ս˾㤺ͺȻѵŽʵսôȻǿᵽ̬
ԾսȭͷȻ˼Ƭ̣ȴûҶ̨֣賽Ӳ·ϡ
ң
Ҫԭǣһоѹ賽еԸӣԼ׵Ķ֣Ϊ׵̫ˣǹ޿ƥеӡ֮С
׽ı龡۵ף΢΢һЦԼЦЦʦֶʦֶȥɣʱԹȥ޴󰭡
ǣʦ塣Ƥһȥ׵Ŀ⣬һӾԵ賽˲ûټˡ
һдʿһ޵еսŵӶˣ˿ֲսӡÿһ˵ԺУĥ
ͬʱⳡսԼٶȴ𽣶죬֮Ϣһ
ôǿôô󣬻һл賽һСʦܡ
𽣷ϣͰԣ·ɣ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮⣬ķʧ״̬Ž̫ǿƺͱ̬ˣԪǿԺɨˣ
˶ţԪ֮󣬿ʥδǶ֣ĹҶûޡ
֣ȥסĵطǽû̫ɽĺ䶯֪ҲΪ֪֮˵㹻ʸ̫ɽΪһ֮
ţá΢΢͸żȻ䲻ִ֮׺͡
δʮֺ֮ĪΪ𽣶ҫ۵ĶӣԱȼŷϴ

𽣶ܴ󣬲ҲκεطɾŵӾסĵطͺͨǴǰһССԼˣŵԼǵ
С򲻴󣬲ٲȻԸ㣬ѾԶ𽣶ĺĵشԵĵط
ŵӱסƽڴڵȭֻ֮ĳһ̤Уһ졣
֣׾ôСĽϣֵϵͦģǸĿЩŵѡ͹
ǵģʦ塣
׼ȻѾŵðΪͽҲȻƺΪʦ塣
΢΢һЦ͵Ǳ常һƬмģǰ常ȥ֮ҾͺȸΪ
ԭˣ常ļ㣿˵һ̫ˣǷޱȣѰ۶޷
常˵Ҳɵŵӣǰʮǰûѡŵӣ֮ĺȢһӡ
һ常ɽǵһ常׬һЩǮҲʹӦˣҲʱ常֣Ȼ󱧻
š׵ͷҲ֪Լ常ʲôֵ飬ܴ˷Ĺ
ʦ壬ҵļҡ˴ָ֣ǰһưܵԺ˵
֣ٽвҩѣӾͰõŴؼˡ
ʱбﴩһȺˣŵǹߺŽֵԺΧס
ɫ䣬ܹȥ
߰ɣȥһ΢üͷŵӾסСƺҲ̫ƽ


90 С
ɽˮķݣװӯĴ̴ӸҸƮݺڶСԶɺĵشȴҲ羰ˣ봦ƺͷ̵ɲͬ
Ҳ̫ƽѪ龭סôŵӣʱзܻᷢ
ϾѾԶɺģĲϸ
һȺ󺺣̥ؾΪûдﵽɣСҲĽɫһŵӵﲻ
ʱΧֵļſڣشţܰձ֮гֹġ
һֱôô׿Щŵģԡ
ɲŵӴЩŷҵūţʮǰŷϴѡŵ֮󣬴ͨΪӣЩֳΪɵʥӣŷҲΪļ塣
ŶԭŷʦֶҵūšЦЦΪ⡣
ŷ̾Сʮ꣬ļ֮һǰûǮΪβֻܽǵĸֿЦһ͵
ţҪǿŶˣȥֹɡЦЦʾֿжˡ
͵仰ˣԼæӽŲܹȥͬʱȣǸס֡
һȺ׼ŶūֹͣţΪ׵һЦӴôˣѵûѡŵôһõϢ
ǷǵǮģǻôôھҪˣ
ֳĿȻƽƽ£ŭɱ⡣
ǷôǮ˵ٸ죬ǸʮҲꡣ
Цžɵ۾˵ӸһϢҼүˣֻҪøҼٵС檣ǷǮһʹˡ
ΣҶһָָҲҪɱǡ˫ͨ죬һɳȵϢٿȻͷųޱ˴ɢȥ׹ޱȡ
Ӵû뵽ٻйӽˣΣ

ҡ
׳ֱִļϣһɴȹȥѹסֵŭ
Ҫѹסߵ֣Ϊڸղ׺ȻһϢͷųʵ̫ǿˣԼ޷赲
ʱֹСԼԼҪɳȵڻ
ʦ塭ֿ񱩵ı΢⣬޵ĺҲǹɳޱȵϢʧֱһͨꡣ
ӴһġһȺ󺺼Ȳȴô⣬ŷСŷϴλʥӳκˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦŲӡѪڣǿƳ֣һȷһˣƬ̺ʮȫһԡ
һȺ̥ؾʿίʵ̫ˣʵսսʿ򲻹ŷϴȴҲ̫ࡣ
߰ɣȥôˡ΢΢һЦЩȥĴ󺺲ᡣ
ʱͻȻһЦȻ˵ʦ岻Ǳݣһŷ塣
СӲҪ̫׹һЦĬˡ
ͥԺǣȴܸɾľԿǸϸ֮ˡ
˽ݣȸ䣬ױ㿴ڴϵŮű˯ɫȻЩ԰ףȴòͿСһЩҲʮꡣ
ô˵ģһ۾ͿȸشȻҩȴ֧Ų̫ʱ䡣
ǰһλĵ̽ףΪһСµһƴȸҵһơ
ЩСˣµġʾֲҪ⣬ڴߣץȸС֡
ȸֺȴܱһɾͨƴݹȥС޸˵ľࡣ
ʱȸ԰׵ͿʼѪɫ촽Ҳɫѩ׵ƺƣȻڳ˯ţȴһֽ޵ĸоĪ״
ȸ壬һյջԼơ
ʦ壬ôɫܽţ֮ȵӽȻͬ
ѾްƬ̾ͻ״ȤЦôȻüô
ֿЦϾϵõҵ鲻ôƽ
䣡
ʱűһȭ飬һ洫˭ŷԣ
ЦЦ˵ʦ壬ˣϹˣȵ壬׼ʥӣʦ󰡡
·ƽ˲ȣڹŷϴ˼ֻǼȻΪ̫һķǽ𽣶Ĳƽ£ҶҪһܵġ
׵ȻһЦչãҳȥƽ¡


91 
ѪСİƯױɵֹ߳š
ԺڣѾۼ˲ˣмѪǿ󣬾Ȼʿ
ʿڽ𽣶첻ʲôŵӾסСڣǿеǿߡ
׸¶棬ɱɱסλʿסЦǳ
ûС㣬ɵŵӰɣŵҲŷˣԷΪɣһ
һλΪʹǶҲȴԸػŷϴļ壬λʥӵЩ£һΪ
ҡͷһЦҹŷʦֶڱôļȥ˰ԵŷСһú
ˢ
һŷʦֶöɫ䣬һɫȫ԰׵ûѪɫǿƵĶס
ǽ𽣶ĵ̣Żû˸ðŷϴĳôֻһܡǽߵˣǺܺ塣
ǰǣΣղ̬ŵĴ󺺲Ź乧Сʵ
ˢ
Цԭʧųߣһӳ¡¡죬󺺻ɣѪڿС
ʲô
ŷʿ׸ǽͣͶ֣ʱʧ룬һ϶¶֮ɫ
һΪҪܵѵߣӴС
һɽɫѪƵֱʣһŲߣһ߷ɳȥתһȭһ˴ùⷭɡ
̼䣬ʮȫòҽû֣Ƥˣû˵ࡣ
ŷСа裬Ϊɻôô
վڴĽǶȣЦϣŷϴܸһ
Щ˲˵ʲô뿪֮ǰʢ˺š
һȺߺ漴صڣԷ㿴һصŮԼ
ŮأȻǣһͷںڵĳѵõӡ
ȸ̫ɽķҲľˣϽлִߴԼá
ȸлǰ֮ղȸ͸ǰչЩˣǺมŮһһ˿ʡ
Ҫֳ
޷ЦЦʵǾһ̫ɽôﻹֵĶô
˶һֹۣʦ壬ȥĸǰݼһȻʦ̫ɽУÿô
ТΪȣȻģ߰ɣ£ȥ
лʦ塣
׸ȥݼǵĸĸصСʱѾҹ
ڵΪȻԴ˷˵أȸĿֱֱһҾ¥ʱˡ
Сˣһ컹δԷ
ͣȥһ٣ȻϢһҹٻ̫ɽҲ١
Ŀһ˿жδĺˣа¶⣬гһһҪͷأñ׵֪֮;֮
˻δߵ¥һ󼱴ٵĽŲʿ
ǰ˴ڻס
ţ
ֹתͷȥֻһֵЦͷܲ飬Ȼۻˡ
ּˣɫ΢䣬ͣʦ壬ŷĴܼҡ
ŶЦЦŶӣܵʲôô
ǰŷ֮ǰеүѾԱƣǰǰҲøһˡĻᡣ
Ϊ׽͵ʦ壬ŷļŷ죬ŷϴ׵ܵܡ
ȥŷ죬Լһ֡
ǡһΣҲҷ𣬻ֻȥˡ
Щģʦ壬ŷϴô᲻᲻ã

״Ц¥ƽҵʦֶô£ǷĳԺȣҲ¹˰ʱŷϴֵܻ
¥󣬵ĲȻ㾫£׺žƣ˳Եͣ¶΢Ц
ӣȷ˲ٿడ

ʱһ˽¥һһϮ£޳һ㣬ȷǷ
һ󸹱㣬Բϣȴŷϴĵܵŷ졣
ŷϴҲˣ
ʦ壬ūأײʦ壬ŷϴЦݣЦͬʱ׹һݣǸˡ
ŷʦֶˣ˭һûūû뵽ЩС¾㣬ʦĹⲻȥ
׹һЦָһԵӣ˻ȣһȼ
ŷϴ۾Цĺ죺Сֶ͹ˣ߶ʦˡ
ɫȻȻصָһ˵Сܣʦ岢ǽƽ֮ˣҲصģʦȼȻûˡ


92 
Сľ¥󣬲ƽʱⲻȻϱŷˣ¥ϰ͵Сϵãټľ¥ֻȼˡ
ʦ壬ǰжūײʦ壬Էŷϴ̬ϣʾ⡣
΢΢һЦŷʦֶ⣬С㲻ʲôֻĳм仰֪
ʦ˵
ʦֶΪʥӣҫ۵ǣиŷСΪʦֶҲӦɡ
ŷϴ۾΢΢ƺܲӦ˶˵̣ʵȷˣԴΪ𽣶ʥ֮󣬳ʦ֮⣬һķҲòмӡ
׹ȻŷļͣŷϴһּУ·˻˼Ƶģϻġ
ѾԤе»ΪʥӹЦףʵڲܶŭ
ڿɵģΪɵĴǣǽ濴ص˲ţȻʥҲ׵
ο׶һ̫ɽ𱲷ҲԼʦ塣
˵һл賽ŷϴ
һ࣬׻ʿʮ꣬ǿԼȼˣ
ŷϴѾ˾Լ򵽰벽Ԫ׽
һˣŷϴóһ̵ܽӣ΢ЦʦԼǣʦֶضϼԼˣƶϸļҹ棬ʦල
⵹ǲãҲǺһѣ¾ʹ˽ҹǺȾơ״Ц
ŷϴ˱ĻҪȷһ׶Ըĵ֡
ŷϴ䣬о֮磬׵ǲ֮Ϊѡ
ĻʤͣĺڰһԵʣע޷Ϊѡ
¾˽ᣬŷϴź˼ƣҸ뿪ˣĵܵһֺõЦ⣬ЩЦá

ŷ塣
ŷϴĵܵŷɫһԵ
СܣЩūδˣ
ŷһ˿赭д˵Ѿȫɱˣûº󻼡
ţáŷϴ΢΢һ̾ЩǹˣȨһѵûл
磬׹ɵʥӣѵһδɵСӣŷܲ⣬ֻŷҵƶˣԽ𽣶ʿ磬Ǻܶ
ŷϴȻһЦЩ㲻ұҪͷѰģģճ裬ұذٱ
ǺǣҾͷˡŷȻѾϡԼĴäĿĳݣҲٶ˵ʲô

Сסһڶյʱ˷̫ɽ
̫ɽôɾһ㣬Ժסôȸܾɫʣ¶㽵Ц⡣
̫ɽ˲࣬ݵͦģǿס
ûʵĹһλðĴ·Ƶġ
ѽʲôأָ첲һۣٿȸԼ첲Ϻݺһ󣬲
ҿǲΣҮĲŶԺҲסôƯķˡȸ裬ɾеľ飬Ī״
ֵһۣôԼ
ȸЦ
䣡
ʱԶһӰһǿѪƵĶ
ʦҼƳˣǲǺš
УĪŵЦͬʱһӰǰ
һ겻ĪȻ쳣࣬һ㣬н׸ߣ˱ըһǰȻͬ
׺⻹ǵԼǸͽˣôһ겻ͳˣ
СʲôҩˣҲһ㶣űԼ߳һͷͽܣҲЦá
ףп˰ĪãһȻ󲻺˼һЦʦҵҩҳ˺ܶ࣬ǰЩ߻ħҺʦ֮⣬ȫա
Ҳ˺֢ԽԽߣڶɾˡ
Ц̰ĺҸһ£λ֣ΪʦĵӣҲʦܣȸ
ȸãҽĪ̫ɽ׵Ŀɽӣҳ˧ô
Īû֣ȸɰòɫ۷Ź⣬޲ֱȥ
ֺܾ裬ƵضĪΨͷɧԼá
ָ̧ĪһƣЦ컬ˣ׼䣬һéݡ
ǡ
ĪһЦһ֣߰ɣʦܣȥι¾ӡ
ֵһЦʦ֡
ԭǸƺ«Ȥ
׼˵Ҹ磬ҴมȸСȭͷ
һƬڵľ


93 ԻĹҵ
̫ɽԲʮޱߣɽ׶éݣδı䡣
ǰƽŲ̫ɽڳ׽ļ֮⣬û˿Խ˵ء
ʦ֣һϢˣ׻صéݣ̴ľϣʶ˳ȥ
̼䣬߳Цʦܣ˵Ƶģһֱںء
׹һЦһ裬˵ʦ֣ɽ·ŵѡδΪѡһѵĵӣǳʺ㡣
ʺң
һȻʦܣȻ̫һķϻһͷһӰΪʦ᲻᲻ף
ЦЦƺһڲ裬˵Ҳһͷأ
һͷһҡͷôܣŵӣҲᾭһɸѡôһͷΪɵĵӡ
ˣȴҲǾԣһ֮ҪһͷΪӣȴǿԵģĹ뾫Ĺϣ󷴶Լľֵӡ
Ͳһˣ̫һһһ׼ص䡣
Ĵм䣬ԭ֣츳ͨԴӴﵽʥ֮󣬿˴м䣬˹ϵһļͨط
ķͼ̫߾ġؾںϣһµʺؾ
һԼطôΪȻͻͽϵ⡣
ЦŽ͵ĺӣйķͼڣ£ҲĵϸҪʦּС
ҪΪѰʦˣȻ޷һ˵ıʣ⵹Щ˼ˡĿһȤ
ʦҺʦܾ⣬ǽ˰⴫Ī
ɡЦ
׳һͿĪǶγĶԱȣ죬ԸҲȻͬһƻһȻдǡ
ֿһϮİ֪ΪһиУָо΢泩
֣ʦЦЦΪ˽ܵ
ˢ
˫ĿâƥɨŰ
ˣ
һɳȵϢӰͷųڵķͼٴֳȻȴû¶⣬ǹð鿴Ƶġ
һ壬⡭Ĳ˼飬ϾȻһѪҺ
һӣ־ʧˣһ仰ʦܣͽܲ˵仰
ЦЦͷ
ʦ𰡣㻹û鵤ҩЩҩֱ̫ЧˣΪķɿ졣ʦͽߺĪЦŶ˵
ȹΪҪüһʱΪҪΪԽңʦԿ
ûطۣȻĿһǺЦˣȥɡ
ĪͷۣСֹһ䣬Хһɽȥˡ
¶Цݣ߳éݣһϮնһδСѾͷԽˮ飬һ˫ӨȻ͹⣬ɷϼƣһ㡣
ִ磬㻹ͯ߳ľ飬ӿн䣬
Ųһ΢Цôʱ
ףŹ⣬־˵üˣÿ㶼ڱչأߣڶҲ档
Цȥ׼ģ;һЩ͵ˡ
˵
Ц˵ִչһл賽Ѿ޴ĺ䶯ϰֶܾء
ףҵǸˡ

ӨȻй⣬߰ɣַƽ롣
ʦң΢΢һɻϰʲô£
ҡͷ˵Ҳ˵ǻĹźʹˣȥ
Ĺźң
׳סˣͬʱֳһŮӰֱ𣬲֪ôˡ
Ĺź۾ϺټϺϵңͬϺҶںңӴĻĹżҺͻĹӼҲС
ޱ޼ʵϺɽΪṩŲԴʮȥ˭Ҳ֪صĹϼ̾ж񣬽𽣶֮ȣֱǵĺӣֵһᡣ
ôʹǽ𽣶Ĺûйϸˡ
ǵʹܿƺҪ㡣
߰ɣȻǻĹҵ룬ҲҪȥȥһġЦЦһڣһͷ޴ɺ׽


94 ʯ
𽣷ԻͺͰ磬ڣ̫ɽΪ棬ǽ𽣶壬Ȼɽͬ
׺۳ɺ׶ɾɷˣ˵˵ЦЦ޴Ĺ
𽣷̫ܰɽ޶ѰӶûʸ̤Ͻ𽣷ĵӣڶżˡ
˽׾طһˣھ֮ؽʶ顣
֮⣬һ۵ߣ׷üôüĿ̸Ĳֺ
һӴϢΪͣҲһλ벽ʥʿ
Ĺźʹ߾а벽ʥΪҲǵʵɲ⡣
ǺǣʦˣΪǽܡͿ׺ԼŮǶ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʱգѾ׽ˣ׵ĳɳٶȴ󳬺ԤƣϲǶλ۶ԣҲһϲ¡
λǻĹźҵĺԪųϣǺֵĵ飬ҲǺҵĺʥ֮һ
ĳǰ׹ʩȻЦּ֣ˡ
ǳ࣬׵ͽĪ࣬ҲǺЦ޳û뵽һ࣬ѾΪֿȵĳ
ֿˡ
ԪҲڴףһ˵еŽ徿кβͬҼλڶˡ
һǰһλ𽣶죬ȥһǿϢסˡ
ʱλ֪ȻǲǿڰбףԷɱ
ȻŽ䣬ǿ߱ôһ·ɳѾƲɵȻ˲֮ã֮󣬺һҪ̽ȹɱ١
Ԫſ̺ǿӴѪԼͽˡ
Ҫ֪ڶʿҲǾǿˣֻǻ죬͵ÿ¡
£ǿ£ҪСɳΪԪʿսܱȼ籾𣿡ʶأԪðһ뷨Լһ
СֵҪƺΪǰ̫ɽһǱ൱ԪŲԸǰд¶һ˿Цݡ
΢ЦĳͶһˡ
ʿ׿ֵܣǵĽڣҲ뺫Ԫƽ۽ݺͱֵ
ʦܣպȥĹź͵ġ
ٴ΢Ц˵
ţ
һ治ɫƽЦҺεºܣôͷ
ԪŹЦֵܹǫˣ˽֪㲻Ž壬ʮ䣬ҸһλѰʦһ˫ۣԿһ
ЦЦÿɷҲûб⣬ԴӺҺɽԼѰʦ֮󣬸Գһ
һλŽͬʱһλѰʦ黹δ
ǶԽľ裬ôӵѾƲɵδɳʱǿĨɱ
ȥһսչֲֳʵûĹҶһʵСǵһЩ濹⡣
֣֪ʯ᾿ʲôҲʸμô̽ʵ
Ԫ΢Ц˵ֵ̫ǫˣ˵Ѱʦ游Ӧòٵġ
˭ôʶףĬȻʵ
Ŀⲻƣףִ磬ôδôʶģ
ײͷʹæȥʶһλϺҵĵӣֻǷ֮ѡ
ߡһҺڳСѾͷûоŲš
װһգͬʱˣСѾͷûžͿʼܽԼˣԼȢǽˮȣ
͵ԼŮһۣ֣˵ʸ񡣡
Լס
ԪЦЦֵڶʯһʢ£ÿһΣóصʯڴѰʦг衢߲ʯڵ
Ŷ⵹Щ˼ˡüͷһȤ
ܴȻʯõֲóȻ򿪣ڵıֻѰʦֶνʯпһʧȡ
˿ȷʵһʢᣬɵĸ֣Լʯ
ΣֵܸȤôĳֵܼ֤ⳡʢġ
׵ͷԥȻˣĳԵǰȥһۡ
ԪŴϲʯʢỹвһµʱ䣬ֵҪ̲С
ţһȥ׼⼸վͻȥϺ
ҲҪȥʱȻе


95 
ΣŮеɫԺԪ˵֣ʯʢȥˣ
ԪһʢϺľзУСǧˣԸɵ޶ʮ֮ڣԹȥĳһӭ
Цִ磬ȻǰѾͬˣʹȥɡ
ţҪʱġװ˵
Ц۾ֱͷİɣǺܹԵġ

ԪŲδڽ𽣶춺̫ʱ䣬ǣ׺ͼλ㣬ڶ캫ԪžͷϺ
֣ªҽ죬պΣ
ЦֲҪ羰ˣҳ˵ȻϢ̫һͨȻͬ죬ĳСסգҲĳĸ
̫ɽס£׼ǰϺˡ
ϺƼʻᣬΪѰʦλᣬҼȻǶʯʢᣬҲƾԼıѰһЩ
˷ȥϺδػһ˳Ļı󶯡
̫ɽ߹ģݲκƻ԰̫ɽס
ȻһԼʵͻȥϺΣأûǿͬУ»ǳΣա
ʦܣߴˣ̫ɽĸǡͻȻӿг֣һϲɫƽʱĳȴͬ
ȻʧЦǺǵѵüʦֲѵ⺢ĲѰ
ݺݹһ裬һӣ޴ĹǺȻסéݣȷκ˶޷ǵĽ̸

һ֣£ôֵǲѰˡ
۾ƽ飬˵ѪͳڻһѪҺҾ֪һصĻ塣
ײ⣬ʵҴδ˵һ壬ʲôλʵΣ
ߵȵ֮һڻĹھʹʼԴʧˣʦ㲻Ҳģɵ伮жһҲ֪֮٣ֻлĹҲ˽һЩ
Ҵһļ츳ͨԲŻ˽ʼĩ
ѵõأһµ壬ڻĹ֮ǰΪңԶ̫ʱ嵱ʱСǿѪʳ
ǸʱʼԴǿ֮һʱưŹǣ峼ݴʮ֮ʼԴǣȥѰǵĸǣԴ˾ʧ٣ö֮˻ĹʱռݾԵλ֮صͱˡ
⺢ϾȻѪͳ̫ˣȻǴ壬ǵȵɳһĵزŻ𾪵ġ
Ѫܸ߹Ѫͳһþȫȥ̵ϣջָ츳ͨʱΪ̫ɽһ޵ǿߡ
һЦҵǺܲģʦ̵ֽŻɳܿġ
ҡҡͷ̾ȴһǳͷ۵顣
ţȤʦܵĲǺĻ˫ʲôѵ㡣
Ϻ֮С׿ЦһϺʯʢ߰
Ϻ겻ĶʯʢᣬȷʵôϧҪϺ޷ͬУʶ¼ɱУҲûʲôá
δﵽʥ磬ûзһ仯Ҳͷʹ
ϺۻǱѰǰһʧȻֻ¼ɱУȴûʲôá
ɱжԸһʿԣԪϵǿߣûʲôá
⻯۾һ۾ǺЦôأڿǽ𽣶ģǲܾġ
ʦܣҪ󽣶һ߻ڣ˲׵˼
΢΢һЦͷǲܾģô˵һֵġ
ҡͷ̾㻹Ǵ󵨰죬۽𽣶죬ȥ򽣶ģֻһˡ
׹һЦȻɫһͬҲվɫ΢΢һ
һɺ纣ϢңԶĵطϢޣֲǿ󣬴һĽ⡣
޴Ĺջأһͬ߳éݡ
ˢ
ԶӰٶȿķ˼ɲǼͽ䵽ǰ
ͬʱƮ첻ԼԼ׶㼴ȥϺΨ˶㲻ذҰǰƵ߻㣬˵ãصɣ߿ҿҪջصġ
л档ЦӦ
ȱлңϷҪģζʯʢȫԸϣܸϷһҩ
׿Ц̫ˡ
ߣǴ߶߻ĿھҼǺáһβ㸴ӵĿھ͸ף漴ʶʧǹϢĲҲʧ١


96 ڰ
߻·һ㣬ûһ˿Ȼת֮ɰԾµϢ˲䱬չֲֳʵ
ԪĻ߻㣬ӦðˡҲһԪ컯ףֻҪǾǿߣ׶Ӧ
ˢ
׽߻ڴָڣֶ԰ʦ֣պұȥϺұչһ࣬ҲȥһԼʵ˵ȥһ֮أ
Գһ£˵Ȼֻǻʿʵսƥһʿһ֮ؾͲȥˣֱȥɡ
׹һЦʦֶ̫ûˣҾȥڰ
ֱȥڰ򣿻᲻̫ΣˣüЩġ
İʦ֣зִ磬һȥϺЦЦһɫâգ۴̫ɽʧ

̫ɽʮ֮⣬һƬ޴ɽȣɽȳ걻Ũ֣ʵ
ɽȷΪŸΪĥģÿһרŵ˰أ֮󣬶Ԫǿ߿أֹʲôʡ
վڵڰǰаɵʯźƺо
ʯǰ棬ϥһߣڣɫƣƺѾƵ
ʦ֡
̬ȹҰ
𽣶ʵף˸֮⣬вԪʿǻִִӣִ֮أִƺڲҲǶ
ǰ߾֮صĶپߡ
پ߻ۣƻǵĿףһ˿棬Цϳ¶һ˿Цݣ̫ʦܣ
ʦܡ
پ΢΢ͷʵʦѵҪڵڰôƬڵ޷ǳĿֲʦڵΪ˵أЩǿ
ײΪ⣬Цлʦֺ⣬ʦȻԸһԡ
ðɡ
پԭͬ⣬ȻܵɢһѪɫ΢΢һͬˡ
лʦֳȫվͳױȭл
پ΢Ц֮Ͷѣֶ˵һ䣬ʦܲҪǧ֮ǸոԪʿ֮أʦȻɾޣҲ޵Ķ֡
ʦַģҶԼܿأҴġЦЦ̧߽ȥ
پ߿ʧھ޴ʯźףǵĿⶸȻâܴ͸񷡣
ƽʦĺˣʦܵ츳Ȼ˫

ڰڣޣҳſռ䷨ս𽣶ʼ濴·ֻзԲСȻ֪֮
Ȧ޾ޣǲģ
һĵӴ֮󣬰º¸Ǹڵڰ֮߳ڰһ
ӦһǿһﲻʩҪǿķ֮أ겻ɢ
Ȼ򴴽ɵĶǷˣͨʥԣʵ뼫˵ĿֲûĹҺϿɡ
ҲԼýʦյķֲ˹ûĹҶʼɵͬɡ
ˢ
һͷнɵľȻӵ´ڳɺӣſھҪʳס
죡
׺޹˼ɵͷųԼѪɫѪأͷǹɢҡֱǧɡ
һͷԶвûаӿͷԼѪԽԽޡ


䣡
ȻֻƬ̼䣬ޱڶһϢϢ
ڰ޺ǿ󣬵óһͷɱʿ
ɫ䵭ԼͷްΧսȻһХչϬĹ
죬̽аɴСȻݺһѹмʮͷ޻ɢ
ɫȭͷһֱײת硣
䣡
һȭһͷͼϮľ޴ͷţУͬʱߣ߱һ޵Դ
ԽԽϯ׶ʱ޾Ŀս֮С
һпսһʱײޡ
ͬʱҲ˺صˣؿڱһͷצץȭͷС飬˵ࡣ
ȫнٴ˿ڣѪܵģǿֲ

״תɾķƵѪͷƮԼٶ޸ţͬʱǿ٣ΪĻǿ


97 սԳ
һսջĴ󣬵ȬܸоԼΪǿ󣬶ҡһ˿¶ӡƪƺҪӡ
ϲ⣬ڲȱɾˣҲȱṦǼΪȱǿɱ
̫һ𽣶ѧ̫Сķ̫󣬸޷ӳȫʵ
ףɾ𽣶̫һЩͺñóʹõġŻȻʩչоԼδʹȫһ޷׷ӵĸо
Ī⣬ֻƪĲ֣ƪʱҲûס
Ȭ׼ǰȥһ·ѪսһͷһͷޣԽ룬ԽмЩ䡣
һѪս׵ʵԽǿŻȻʩչǰ˻ǵڰ˻Ⱥһȭŭ𣬻һκԴݻһС
ˣѾʱ䣬Ҳûȥˡʱһսܴأֱڲſָȫս

Ȼʱһŭͬʱһǿ󵽼µϢأޱȿֲϢѸٽӽ
ϢԽ֮ǰޣ׶еһ˿Ϣ
ã¾̫ޣİ߳ˡ
ɫ΢䣬Ŀ⳯ԶȥȥһͷСɽƵӰС
ҲãҼ⼸ĿޣײδߣĿ⾼սֱ
СɽƵӰڿˣһͷɫۼ׵ľԳаɸߣȫɫâԶŵľһأǳĿ¡
Գ˫ĿϴС׺ݵɫѾף̤
ضڲѣγһ֣ʾԳֲʵ
ǵڰ֮һܵѪ

Գأ˫Ŀɫ׼
ȣ
޾壬ûŲŲɫȭͷһ֮ײһ
ؾ޲ʧΣᣬ״һ˷˹ȥ
Ⱥɽ䣬Բ֮ƺҪˣԳսһ
ԳȻ;޴ޱȣϵۼ׾ӲޱȣһȭûʲôЧ
һĳɽÿÿܶȥҲѪܵСĲ
һͷ͵ľԳʵޱȵǿĿǰʵ൱ǿ
䣡
Գս£ҲŭһƺݽԼؿڣѪ䣬Ȼؿڳһڽ˸İӡ
飡
һѸٿķ˼һûڽؿϡ
ǣ
ؿڶʱݣعѵһѪ顣
ġ׵ѪѸٰӡˣһӲҪܵˡ
˱֮սɡ
Գ׺һ̤ٶҲǳ죬Ӱأʲôɽͣʲô棬ȫ顣
ȣ
ײӡˣһȣɾķתǳ֮ңԶĪ֮⴫ݶŻ޸塣
ս
Ƭ̺Ϊָ˳ɣŻԳһδξҵײ

ԽսԽ£ŻһݻǼµŻǿһУ
˷

ɫξ˫ƷɳХȥһϢѹγһ޴ķ籩ɽѰײھԳϡ
飡
ڽ˲䱬ѣ籩Ʋ貵ĽɫâݺݵԳؿڡ

һ֮ɫҰףȫƺŻǸʿģһҪķѵίʵ̫ˣʹǳ֮תҲľȫ
Ѹ½䣬ڰһæתķĵ

ԶԳܵشؿڼѪʳɺӣǹȴԽǿȻǱղһŭ
ģһսžԳؿڵĿ˿ڣųɰ
ȻǷɧʱ䣬æֻǾЩһݾʹȥ
ž
Գһֻצӵסֻצӷ飬϶䣬ҲԳĿռ䷶Χڡ
ˢ
ɫӾԳ˫ĿâЯŻԵһӾʹ͸׵塣
飡
ױɫ͸壬ǧԶӾ޷ʹ鼰ȫ
ȻܸʴҵѪ⣬ĺâ׸ķʼȼǱɫеԵʡ
д󺧣͵ش𣬽ɾķת£ȼԼѪɺڰ


98 Լ
ڰϿգپߵӰֳɫӵؿ׺;Գսûв֡
ʦǳԤϵǿԳǵڰ֮һȻЩƽ֡
ױɫߴ͸壬̲סҪˣȴһȣһǷٴδ漣ӳ
ʵһ̾
תɾܿڵĸʴߣŴ𣬽ɫѪȣ˿ԼٶȬš
ȥɣ
˷
ǿһЩٴȼѪǿһ
ʲô
£پ߶û뵽׻ǿ¾Ȼֻܹ鹦Žǿͱ̬ˡ
ԳȻˣ״һ󣬾޴ȻƬһ̡
ģڸ㶨ˣ
ɵ˾ԳϢҼڵڰͣһɫâڴ
޵Уˣ
پ߰̾һӰһʹӿʧˡ

ڰſڣ޴ʯǰһѪ߳΢Ǳ
پЦ棬˵ʦܹȻ
ʦ˵ЦˣЩ档ҡͷЦǵڰ򣬱Ҫֲܶࡣ
ˢ
ʱһâӿһӰ䵽ϣһưꡣ
һɫװһΪĪ⣬ɢѹ
Ŷӣپ߻ָϣһۣ̲һĵӣ
Ƿ壬Īīڰʦţҽȥ
Ŷ
پߺüͷһԭǴӡ
ǷĪī𽣶ֿȵͬǺʥӣΪﵽڣŷϴеľš
Ե񣬵õǷһλ¿ƺ˱Ƚϰ̫ദ
׿һۣ漴תĿԹپ߱ȭʦ֣Ȼȥˡ
ţʦߺáپ΢Ц
ţףʱԭڰĪīͷĮؿ
ߣ
׻δ˵پߵɫȵˣûйأʦܹΪһ֮ĳҲܽеģ
Īīپ΢΢һЦʦ壬ֻǿߣһʿҲܳΪһ֮ʦֶȻҲûʲô⡣
پЦ˼ǣԼʦǿ
Ȼй涨볤֣һֻ־ѹĪīɫưмһˡ
ЦЦԹپߵʦֲضŭӲ̫£Ҳƽϡ
ͱĪīҪСܶ࣬ƫƫƺӣδ䣬Īī۹⺮âһȻ¶һ˿ɱ
죡֪ߵغ񣡡پΪͨϾ쵽Īī¶һ˿ɱʱŭҪѹӡ
ʦ֡
ֹŭĹپߣ۾ĪīЦʦֶҲҴģӲһȭ֮ҹ¿ͷӴ֮Ҿ͹ؾϹΣܣ̫ɽΡ
ʦܣαظһʶ͸Ƿ巢䡣پŭڣݺݵصĪīһۣΪײԽ֮֡
΢ЦʦֲöŭԳѹҼȻһ֮ȻҲҪ֮ƥʵһ󱲶򲻹кεºƹһ
ðɡپ߳ͬ⣬뵽֮صı֣ΪһոսڵĵĶ֡
ȻپȻֵ顣
Īīһ˿仯üʵ˵Ŀģ
Ϊһ֮йʦ֤ƭ㣬ȥ֮ض֣ƻ˵ػ
ã
Īīȣͬʱ¶һ˿ЦƵضס
ΪԼĶ֣ȻҲ˵Էһл賽賽ڰ죬ԼԶ
ܰʦ̫һôڳǷĵλˮǴߣǷҲ㾡ȫ֮ʥսȻܴŷϴΪһʥӡ
ĪīЦһ߽֮ء
ְɡЦЦ⡣
Ȼȡ裬Ҿͳȫ㡣Īī۾һЦ
䣡
һĽֱֳϽɵĳΧƣ

Īīгֺ֮ݺǰһն
ؾ޲һѤĽϸȥȴɣգϯʮܡ
Īīղſһӣʵֱ۶ǧΣǧ⣬ݺնȥ
ըزռ䶼ʼòȹ̣ѤĽǳ貣ſֲĪܡ


99 һȭ֮
׳֣һѪգû飬˷
ŭԾףʲô⣬ʲôͳͳ飬һ
汻˺ѳǧɵĹ֣ƺҪ򴩣һ²ɵ
ʲô
ĪīʧɫԼȫһ׻𣬽һɴײԼײɣعǷ飬νѣһѪܱѣһѪ«
ܣôǿ֮ǰĪīʶ
ĶپɫĮ˵ĪīЦʦܣʵҵսľгһԪʥĶ֡
ʦֹˡǫѷ֡
ʵپߴЦʦܣȥɣСԻóǷķȥ
šױȭǶȥ
ĪīȻˣȴûΣʿǿʱͻ
֮ǷϵĴˣͲǿǵķΧ֮ˡ

̫ɽĪ̸ͷɣйͬ⡣
ʦˡĪܵ׵һЦӹ߳
֣õˡ
ֿˣȥЧǷѪʢҶĪڿֶĶˡ
ѾʿǻĹźҴڵķ֪ǿ󣬿̺Ѫֱݷһ㣬ҲɴΪԾ
ֹˣȡҡͷһЦ䡣
ЦЦҲû˵ʲô
СֽվҪȥϺ̫һİʦϣʦ̫ɽ޴󰭣ҲҪץҪ̰档
ĪЦʦͷİɣһž֮μʥ֮սء
úҪ׳
΢΢һЦɫĽ˵֣ͽʲʱձسɴ̫һɷˡ
壬˵̫ˣʮ֮ұ۰򣬾𾪡Ī쳤Х䲻һ߷ɣЦԶ㡣
Īͷ뿪һȥ֪ȥɽȥˡ
֣ȥ𽣷ɣԶϺҲҪƽʦָ𡣡
á
˳۳ɺףת˲𽣷档
ڣͣŷϴ͵ʦꡣ
ƽʦ֣ʦ֡
ʦ塣ŷϴ׼
ǺǣһϮɫۣʣ˷һֳϢתȴһƿµȡ
λۣΪԽɲˡ

ʦܣ˵ղһȭĪīͺȻЦʵ
ŷϴҲ¶֮ɫеһ˿һţһʱ䣬ԭϵķϲѾɳԼһսĵزˡ
ֽٶȿ٣ŷϴ𾪵ͬʱҲؾ
ף
ԻΪԼδƿؽ𽣶ϰ
һ˿ɱܺõסŷϴɫ糣ü˳۵غŲ裬һĻ
ǺǣʦϢĺͨʱ֮ǰ飬ʦ־Ѿ֪ˡ΢΢һЦǳ˴¡
ͿЦҡͷֹ֪ˣ֮ѵϤѾֵǷˡ
ţһˣ
̾һЦЦ֪ʲô͵Īī⺢ӱһȭ裬ЩʧأʦЩԭҪʦסˣ֮ڲ߳Ƿ벽
еʦ壬ǽ𽣶һλ̫ϳϣҲǳǷ֮ʦ
ĶҶԳ֣ҲǻãаȻȥ𣬶һ֮档ߣԳǷ֮ܲ⡣
ʦֿҪǺˡʼһЦ˭ó⣬ûаѳаС
С¾ʹ˹ȥʦܲؽ⣬ĪīȻ볤֣ѾϳʥӵݣΪŵӣаϲ⺢ӣִڳǷ塣ʹһӣҹ
Цŵͷûж˵ʲô
ʦܣϺʯʢἴĻʲôʱȥô
ӣ̬ࡣ
ʯʢͬСɣһǿߣһƼʻἴͲòضԴ
΢΢һЦʦ֣׼վȥǶʦֵ
š
͵ͷ΢ЦѾ໥봫飬һɶԪʿǰǰϺĽǸһǿߡ
ֽʦܴŷϴһͬȥŷϴʥӣȥϺһɵ콾
Ц绨ִ磬˦ˣҸˡ
׳һЦȻͷ͵һнʦ֮
ЦǺã׼ôǿʱ


100 Ϻ
𽣷ɽ£Ѿúһ޴Ĵ󣬴ȥϺ·;ңԶһĴ̨޷ﵽ͵ĴС
ɽ£ֹԵмλԼλ̫ϳϡ
ݿӴҲɶϺ֮еӳ̶ȡ
٣ۼλһ콾Ϻδڣע쳣𱬡
ʦܣǶʯʽ֪㲻ȱ裬ҲɵһЩ⡣
ӹȥһöָָڷź裬ЩɵսʣҪƽ̺λ̫ϳ϶ͬʹá
ЦЦûҪ˵ʦָղҲ˵ˣҲȱ裬ɵսʣŰɡ
ȷѾһöָöָĿռǧɴСķԲŴ裬и
͸ĶʯʽۣǷԼһҲǺ¡
ͳҲûǿЦʦƷˡ

״Ц˵ʦ־˷ѵôʯͷزбء
⻰˵Ĵʦֶɵĸڼҵ㣬ӷϴ
˼䣬޴Ĵת׼½ȥһǾʧӰ٣ɲǼѾڰ￪⡣
콾ƼϺ˵мѾﵽ벽Ԫ磬ŷϴʦ̫ܲڡһλ̾
ŷϴܳΪһҫ۵ǣʦܾԿԣ˫עεĶʯʢԽһλ
ʦ֣ʦܴȻܵɵļʣ滤ӻƽ£ȥϺ»Σաü
ͱ˫֣ЦҷģѾưš

һ
ˢ
ϺϿգâһס鼸˴Ӵ߳޴ĴҲľȫ˲
һɫĿȥǰããһƬ󺣺շ·Ϊһ壬ÿ˵ػȻʣĿǳ
Ϻۻãޱ޼ʣʵ̫ˣ󣬽𽣶֮ȣֱһСӣС΢
һһأ㽵Ŵ󺣣૵ĺҺϲ
֮УУǺãĹźռϺʵ¡ҲǰһĻˡ
ϺԶǵϺɱȣ򱶣ۻ롢ã׳ݡ
Ĺźң̾Ϻʮ˵ĺûһɸҸһ鸣ء
΢΢һЦ˵֡ŷ֣ѾϺڵλϺıԵشҪȥľзңԶʣµ·ֻ̣ܷǰˡ
ǰΪʲôŷϴʵ
ЦŽͣǰǧռ꼫ң޷ͣӲҪƾŴǿнĻ˵׼һĳҲ˵
ĹҲۣû˭Դ룬ôˡ
УǿţǻĹҵİ˭Ҫݷǣ밴ǵĹ˭ܸı䡣
ĬȻŷϴĬȻĹȣ𽣶ȷ̫ˡ
ܺãЦǸҿĺˡ
簮ͷЦɵѾͷ
ŷϴһ˿âǵӣɫһѸٻָ
˼ؿһŷϴźǺЦ֣ŷ֣·ɣѾӽǵзʱѾҹˡ
á˶ͷͬ⡣
ˢ
˸׼зҲ⣬һɫâ˸һ޴Ĵų֣߳ˡ
Ŷ½̵ˡһ۾ϳǼ˵ݡ
ŷϴɫȻƽ˵½ҶһˣҲˡ
ײʶҶ֣˵ĴȴҲ׹жš
һ½̵ʥӣ½̵ʵ𽣶޼˾½ʥӣһΪﵽڣҲ콾һλ
Ҷߵģ½̵ļλӣΪǿҲڰ죬ļλа벽硣
ҶָմӴ߳ĿһɨʱҲ׼ˡ
ɫ΢΢һĿⲢδŷϴ϶̫ãǺϸشһۡ
ƾо˾𣬴Ľס
ŷ֣δΪԽǿˡҶĿһȭЦ
ŷϴͬȭǺǵżҶ֣Ե֡
ҶЦЦ涸ȻһתĿ綢ףЦλؾַɣϲַ䣬ΪĹźһλŽ壬Ҷĳ﹧ϲ


101 ½ʥ
ҶĸߴȻòƽȴһӺݻʡ
ΪĳС̫ӣ걻½һλϿǱ࣬ʱڣΪ½̵ʥӣǱ
Ҳ¶΢ЦжԴ˷ǳ衣
ʮǰҶڵһصǻˣ˴˾塣
·з˶Ϊ½̻Ҷֱ𣬵Ǹ˶꣬½ʼûг֣⵭¡
ֱһ죬౻½һλʥӽ¶
Ǹ𣬻ǧ˱ɱĻʹȻҶ֡
ɱ֤ɱ֤Ҷֵĺ͹˴󾪡
ûˣûȻļ壬ĺȥвҶҲ
Ҳ֤ҶĺѪ˼㣬˼嶼츳ֺܸߣѱһΣյ콾֮һ
ҶֹˣҵҲֻǧʵһ֣ûֵóƵĵط΢΢һЦǫѷӦ
ҶֺһЦһĨѪȣȴҲزסġ
һӣ
׻飬СģΪǲ²׼Ҷֻ᲻һͻȻϮǡ
ҲˣҶȻǷӣҲһԵķӣΪԼܹһѹŷϴ
ףûһʿʹ죬ȥ
ַ֣ŷ֣Ҳȥзɣ겻żǡһͬаɡҶЦ棬ӡ
̧һ΢΢ɫâһֻ죬һƮš
һɫ̺ӣûʲôܣзӦǸԵķ
½̵ļ̺Ǳ߶ٶ죬ǿʡȥǲʱ䡣
ʵ߼ôء
ҶֳһۣĿƽȫŮɫջ΢Ц뿴
һڼ̺ϣ̺˳ƱɲǼзԲʮɴСɢɫâ
ЦҶʢȴǾȴ֮ˡ
ɼ̺ΣգŲ̤ȥæ󣬴粽롣
ŷϴͬһЦǶԼʵģʹҶֲҲ޷Ҳ̤ȥ
ҶֺһȺʦֵͬȥҶִ߶̺ƶˣ˲Ǽʮ
ȷһķܲ׼Ҳܸо߶̺̫෨Ҷڲٿţʼձ۷ս
һ·۳ңίߣֻſڼ̺ϣ²źʱֵĺźһͬۿ
ŷϴɫӣ׺һ㣬жʻգֻĻ沢״
̺ٶȺܿ죬зλϺңԶ֪Ѿҹ
һ·ϵˣȫǸɵ콾ǼԦУڿͥŲһɣչֳǿʵ
ȫȻˣ߶̺ʱײһˣϳ½̵Ҷֺͽ𽣶ŷϴʱȻûз
׿УҶֺŷϴһĵλҲ˽⡣
ɣ죬йλԻ͵սһ콾УȴĹҵ֮⣬ǲеĲࡣ
ȴЩ֮⣬׻ɵʥӣȫһưǴкʻŷ߷ɽ۳Ҷ
ҶҲûȥЩˣǶһĶ콾ƽʱˮˮûҪ
̺ܿ죬ԼʱǾεĿĵأз
ӿȥзһڵ㣬ڹûб߼ʵϺкۡ
С򵥣
Ѱ¿ȥСһ֣ϸ֮жʱȻ
ʲôһ޴ĵܲз
ǽЩȫƿ˲ɱ벽ʥʥ
ĹҹȻһСĲþܡ
׾ŰǿƿЩƣСҲ˵˵ڻĹźҵС
ܿóаŻ콾Ҳܲ³ʹ³Ҳûа취ֹĹźԼƶȣκ˶Ҫء
ˢˢˢ
һӰз
ֻƬʱ䣬˷зⳡʢ֡
λ߰ɡ΢΢һЦĿ⿴ԥǰҶ֡
ҶĿ˸Цֻ֣μӶʯʢģҲ̫
һǵԭֻҥѵĻ죬ҽ뱻ưľзô
ʱԶЦһΰӰ̤նһɼǿĲ


102 з
ǵգһΰӰ̤¶Ŀ࣬һϮɫһ˫ĿâޱźǿϢ
˫
쵶ŵʥˣ׸˫ϢȻ
̶һ಻˫ѾʿΪ黹ҪԼڣѾǴ˵Ķˡ
˫Ŀ磬ˣĿһ˿֮ɫ
ŽȻ䣬˫ϢҲܾȣ䷭ż֪Ŀº˫ѾΪвĵ֮һ
ˣŰ˵ʣѰʦɱҡڣһջѹԼķͷ۰
˫ԭ㡣Ҷ۾֮дһ˿ɵ
˫ν콾֮һʹҶԸҲҪСӦ
ֵĵʶһȴʧˡ
˫ЦǧɣӰһѾз
Ҷ۾ѪȺͱŰ֮˫ʱʱ֣ٺٹЦ߶̺ٶȾ׵زžзȥ
зϿȻֹܲͽ룬Ҷּʻż̺谭ؽз
зܴ󣬴Ӹ߿ȥֻһСȴԳһ磬һߣ㣬һѵʥء
˴Ӽ̺֮Ͼм·˹Ůӡ
𽣶ļλʦ
½̵λʦ֣׼ıԺڼ֮⣬
λŮЦݣǰϢĵط
Ƭ̺󣬼Ůһ羰ŵСͥԺźǵķŮǴЦ뿪
ǻĹң׼֡ͥԺСʮ䷿ݣ㹻Ǽ˾ס
λһϢʯʢ仹ʮ죬ЩԵ棬ҲԣǱ˺ܶബֻ
΢΢һЦȻҲˡ

۰ڿ˯ҹ
ɵѾͷȥ˯ɡԱߣ簮Цݡ
š
һЦִ磬ôҵһϺأôҲҪúһ
ŷϴ΢ЦŲ廰ʦã콾Ϻ²̫ȫҾЩ컹ǴھзȽϺá
ߡһŷϴ۾һһأؿס
ЦŷʦֶˣǻĹźҵĵ̣û˸⶯ģǡ£ҾʹĴɡ
ִҺáѽ̫Ҫȥ˯ˡ
Ĵ۾תΣȻ˫ֹ׵Ĳӣܵ˵ִ磬ǵһ纰รȥ˯
ţȥɡ׸оůڻһɵļ䣬ʹεʯҲ궯ûɵط졣
һЦŻԼˡ
ŷϴɫ࣬һһغžƣһ仰û˵
ףǳԴˣҶԼɱŷϴδϡ
ȵһƣҲЦŷʦֶҲЩϢɣȻطˡ
ʦߡŷϴȻκ
߳ŵ˲䣬ŷϴеľƱ촷ָۣʡ
һɲǣ׹ⱬ䣬ȴûɢκεɱ⡣
ƺӦʲôֻǵȻһЦͷҲصԼķ䡣
ܴһӦʩȫײݲݵϴ裬ϥڴ
һ;Ҫߵ츳ҪĺŬˮۣˣȻŽ壬ûзȱʱܳ̿ࡣ
״ԼսǽңŹ֮ÿһߵС˺Σղ档

䣡
һ붨ңԶݵڡ
ͬ׵ĺڶǳ֮Ȼת
ڣѪѪԼÿһطʹԽǿʯһ᲻ɴݡ
ǺĪ⣬ǳ֮أסһˣȴסǿߡ
зĳһСռڣλϵ߱۴
ȻǼͬʱ۾һ˫˫Ŀһ㣬˺գеǳ֮
ǳ֮ζǲɴĴڣЩУȴһȥӴȥ֪ǵ
صǳϷǰδš
ӦòһǳŽȻȻһλ߷̾Ϣ֮
Ĺŵ޵ս壬ڿʼˡ
ҲδءЦյ޵ս壬δʱҲ޵Уڱչؿޣͬ˫Ƚ
˵һλϵˣȫƺûаУߵĿռ伫ŤԳһޱǿĸ֡
ʢˣ
һλƬСպ£ߵϢ׸


103 ַ
峿
׺ھзĽֵϣ΢΢ĺ⡣
ղŵͺܷʢȫһճĲȣԵöӹŰݡ
óรҪ߲ˡŶӣһܵӡ
൱ЦСѾͷѵͲ߶Щʳô
Ƕû˼ôζҪܶ͵ĸоۣߵִûȤ
ΣСѾͷһ˳ҲúС
ȴ֮⣬зֵѾвʿй䡣
ǲǵй䣬Ա
ʯʢ伴ĻĹźҺţǿãһʿƷ
ֻҪһ裬ֵϰ̯һ磬߳ΪһгʿڻཻҪĶܻ𱬡
ӴϿȵõĽֻ裬˦ˡ
ȱĲرͼҵĹʱĳıأ
Ʒʥܼǿ۴

˷˳ɤӿʼȷвٺöгȻ죬ּۻ۵ڶ
׺ýζû뵽ʿ绹ôʣֱ뷲ûʲô
ңгȷвٺöҩģʦϲ
ûסջ˼ƷʵĴЩǶ򵥵ƣûã޷ǾۼŮʿע⡣
ִ磬ǳȥɣû˼ˡһȦͷˣеߴ׳

ЦЦĿ⳯۵һ俴ȥ
һʿǰݷżʮ޴ʯͷʯͷ޹⣬ǶĥƽˣȻʲôòϡ
Աһӣдţѡһʯлۡ
˳׵Ŀȥ˰ɣЩʯͷôߵļǮ
ߣȥһȥʱȻ£ЦǺǵ
ִ磬ûɣЩʯͷʲôãѲ滹бɣ
ǿδءһЦ־ǰߡ
СѾͷǣס֣ϼ˫գߵӶˣҼ⣬ĵ¶ȣСѾͷʱҸˡ
ʯͷ£Ϊ߲ͣ죬׸߳٣ʵսȴ֮ˡ
̯ǰſȸûʲôפ㣬ѵмͣȴʯͷθˣƾɵʯͷкö
֣һʯͷ׺ߵǰܿ˵
š
̧ͷһۣ䵭һ飬лۣѡ
á
׺ʹ죬ó轻ˣȻԱߵһɼƾʯͷ
Űۣ׽ǳԴҩ軻һʯͷߣЩ㹻ԼһСˡ
׳һЦƾճһµذףúɣ޵ģ͸һɺ
֮ǰһλ֪Ҫʯźذʯ
׽ɼʯͷڵ棬еĺذԥгһ
ˢ
˸ʯм׷ɡ
ʲô
һֱžɫȻһ䣬˫Ŀһ貵â⻹Ҫۡ
һɺ嫵Ĳһš
ޱȵǿ󣬿ף׻ҪǿһЩ
Ǵ˵еַףѰʦ˿ڣɽ¶Ϻ͸߹ơ
ʯʱһδˡ
ǣçײˣ˷ǳ̬ȴͬ
ʯʱ˲ע⣬Ҳв֮ԱǣΪ㡣
ôһƾʯͷôкöװǻơ
ҲδأʯַأһλѰʦ˷
̼䣬ΧмʮΧۣгʲôö
׶ԽԽ죬ټʯͷС¶ʧɫһʯͷƨﶼûС
ˢ
׶ͷ΢΢һ˿飬һйҽǣǶȼꡣ
磡
ɫâҫ񷣬Ũֵ
ȻȭͷС
ʲôгôܣĸ˵Сӣ
ܴ⣬ɢʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ղŶײмһ˵һȺȫ죬ǳһŨŨļ֮ɫס
ȭͷС裬ɢº͵ĹâУѤˣ˵ٶȼӿ౶
ȻҪˣ
ʱһ׺һȺ˶У֯ǿķɢŹѹץ


104 
ǵأ֮չֳǿʵһɽƵģѹ
ɫ䣬ΪҲֵֻĹΧ֮ڣҺ޵ֵ֮
ۣ
˱ѹÿѪ˴Уʲô˸ھз˽Զ֣㲻ô
ѹδס
ߣ
˺ͬʱߣ׻ס۹û˿ֵ˼
ŻĹźӲηҵǶˡ
󵨣
УһϵֻһҽУֻɽĴֱһ仯Ϊҽ

ԶһʿĲҺȫɫ̼յ𣬳
ʿΪȴû˿֮ڰеǿɱˡ
˼ûˣлĹźά˭ҡ
һ£ֹ䣬ھз˴ɱȥ

ҪʿɱΧ۵ʿԽԽ࣬˺ε¶Ľ߼֮ɫԹޣĺôûбԼϡ
Ȼ˵ĻСѾͷζû뵽гһܼȭͷСһ飬޼ܻ֮Ķ
ڲ˵˷˰ɡײں۹⣬İðԼָڡ
貵ĹâʱʧһȻʧס
㻹ôʯͷ˻ָ˴ݣʼպܸӣǲѰʦ
ʯͷǷƷѡ״һӣʣʯͷȫ촷ۣԣκαûС
һȻȭɫ˵ˣԭΪѰʦһԭҴˣҽз֣⽻Ѱɡ
֣շ⣡
Ⱥһ궯Ϊмʶʿϵĺ塣
ңѰңʮ겻ΨһһѰʦЦĴ壬ǻǡĹң
ңǲڻĹźҵĳѵǷҵĵô
ˣһоͺܺýˡ
Ķʯʢ䣬˷ҵҲΪѰ۷壬Ѱʦ
ʵҲˣѰȻϺһɽңڷǰСһЦ
дԣռűһĲƸҲ˵ҿűһͨҵĴɺͲʤǳ
ԭǷֲ֣þһ˫ۡ΢΢һЦ˵
ֺܿҲЦְɣڱҲ˵ĴԭΪ˵֮ˣСӢۡ
ֳԱǾûˣ˵ȷǱķҵӡ
ҵĵʯʢ䣬εʢ˼ˡ
΢Цڷǰ׳ĳҲѰļ⣬Һ
׻ˣҲóԭȻǰгԼˡ
Ҳƴ֣Ҳһ
գգۣͷЦʵ̫ǫˣʩչַʯѰʦĳͷμ
װ𾪡
ʯַȷϹʦϹʦҲ˵ַû뵽ϾȻϵãĹҵļʶ͵̣ǿֲˡ
̸²ҿ䣬ȻһΪĹҵӣеҲӦġ
׶ԼµҵӣкøС
֣ƷˣȾƣһЩ顣
ˬЦЯ飬ȻλҪĳԵ֮
ٻᡣ
ٻᡣ
˱ȭǣǣ֣עӵĿԶȥ
ԭףŽ塣
ȷǽ𽣶ַبڵ䣬
Уǻѣʲôģһƾѹ˲
㶮ʲôһǰ䣬һʱ죬ʹŽС
˻һ˶Ĭˡ
һСٶȵȷף˶磬ȻĹܳʥӡ
δʢưԵ·ϣдһϯ֮λ
⹫ӡ
ȥʱһҵЦݣ򵥵ĳۣȴһ۷ȣ˾ȵǣһλԪʿһλʥ
ţôɫȻԪʿȻ治ɫ
Ǻǣ֪⹫ӼݵǺʵкܣ׼˹׷⹫ӲҪ֮ǰĵ
ֵȻһЦ޷סڿջͦģЩ׵ھ˰ɡ
˵꣬뿪λʥһԡ
˵ҲǻĹҵĵĵǣҲһλʥС
һļһλʥҲŭҡͷһЦҲʧӰˡ
ͬʱ
׺ѾϺòֺ


105 ŭնȺ
ḧĹԣĪ⣬һƬεԶԶȥޱ޼ʣĿ·ɾ֮С
һīɫķϣЦ׺Զ˾зں淺档
ɹ۽׾ơ
һ߷ۣһ߶鼱ļ£˴˶÷ǳҸ
ид
ѾˣʶλƯɰŮӣԼĸ֡
ûа취𽣶죬Ҳܴ䣬һЩ˿ѱǿʿɱˡ
лл㡣Сϣױ棬Ͽҵ˵
ӭӢӣСѾͷٿһ±ͨ죬ִ磬ɵ˰
͵ɵ˰ɡЦڿɢţ״Цӣشһ¡
ţԡЦδ䣬׵ɫ΢䣬Ӵվɫ
ִ磬ôˣ
ƺоΣաɾ֪ǷԼһɾ޴Σڿ

ʱ֮ȻǺˮ
һͷͷȻ׵ڡ
Ⱥ
֮ܰ⣬ͷɫ㳯һ׺Ϣ
Ǳˡ׻򶨣ԽԽȺ˿š
վǸŮӣ𽥱ƽ¶һ˿š
ִ磬֮ǰΪûо쵽Ⱥӽ
Ц˸ž⣺ȻķŸϢҵĸ֪ʮ֮еĶӦòõ
䣡
һȭջȭӿһȭͰͷ顣
ĺ棬ʱɺŵζ
ͷ㣬Ҳ밵ɱǣ״ӴϷɳȥһȭһȭ˱ڣѪ飬ֻƬ̼͸ɵȺ㡣
Ӧòô򵥣ѵֻһ磿׷ɻشϣ۾ɺһƬĺ棬²ʹ֮˵Ŀġ
ѾȫˣȻؾзײðգ仹
С۷أзʻȥ
ʵϣĻ֮˲׽£һزΣգüͷȥҴָڶһ
ָֻҪռ乻
ҪװˣȴѣĸԸ봢ָҽ봢ָڲ̫ܳʱ䣬ûпǾ״̬
ҺҲǻʿʱס⡣
ã
СѾͷͷ൱Ĳ֪ҪԼ̫࣬Լֻ׵ģԺԥضָܷͷ
ִ簡ǵ÷ҳรȻҿҪˡСѾͷ׵ʵģ鿪Ц
ɵѾͷ
ЦЦȻ۾һڡ
û˺֮ǣͿԾһս𽥸ľ޴ޣǷܾԼȭ
䣡
һ׺ϯ棬ɢŰһͷ޴ĺ޻ֳ棬ס׵ȥ·
һͷ֪İ˽㣬بںǧɴÿһֶаףϰ쵵ǿֲͿɡ
ͷֺǿûлΪΣȴʿһͷڵĴ
ڴԺˣȻǰͷֽụ̂ҲܻΣȻǱȦġ
ģ˭ڱ׿Զ϶ȻڱԼ
ȦޣֻлĹźҺϺҵʿֶΡ
ǡԼƺδǰ
䣡
ֵİֻ֣˷
ߣ
ЦɫѪʱأչֳŽԾµϢ
Ѫգڿһ̤һȭݺͻ
ûзɾ裬Żǿһݣ
䣡
ը裬޴úˮսȣһȦܱѲ񷡣
˼ʶԼȻĿǰΪֻǻ죬Ҳʲô˶ġ
ɫѪɿռ䣬һȭٴֻӳһȭ
̲ʩչݣûʲô⡣
䣡
ˮڣ涼ʼ׺ڷ٣裬һս
ٽһȭ

ʹڴҲУס׵ȭֵͱѣɫѪҺա
ȫѣҽһ޻֮޴ѣըɫѪ
ף¶һ棡
ڴסȭ֮
˭ҰңգһɫѪգ˫Ŀâһúˮըϳǧɸߡ
󵨣˵Ϻ䣿
ʱԶмӰɢ纣Ϣޱȵǿ


106 Ϻſ
䣡
ԶۻϢΰӰ̤նɢֲ
ĮвɽԶ˶Ű벽ԪΪǿߡ
Ǻҵˣɢı߽Χס
󵨣
ôĵӣϺ䡣һ˱ȣ˸׹⡣
Уһ죬һΪ޽ӽԪ˿ؿףһԲ
λ
ױ鵭ȻʹãĳҪλз֮ңΪλĹ
ζڣƯŴѪ飬ѵĴ֡
־޴ԴͬƯںϣֲԳղһҵս
Զ׼׸ñ⣬Į죬Ļش
Ϊ֮òƽƽһ˫ۣƽ֮ɫ
ףֿһۺƯѪ飬һĨ
ֹֻȭʹֻ֣Ž壬ս硣
һʲŵսȫУҲûʲôҲҪЧ֮һ
ûǵβ֪Լʵ
͵Ȼãһֱ͵ô鷳ͻϾһŽţȻ̽ʵΡ
ʵֹ̽˸ķգ˶ϣŽɳȥ˵ж֮졣
Һױ𽣶죬нĳɼȫ֮׷ɱʱް
𽣶첻УܵĹżңüСӻԼ
ؼҲܾһδɡ
ͷֵȷǱҴģλǰΪξзк޳û
۵˵һЦ赭д͵ϺǶǺң밵дɱֹӣϰɡ
ЦЦϺ󣬻ɲ֮ʶǳδ˵
Ϻſܣ˵˲ش
Ϻſܣ
ֺţ׵Ȼ˵
ǧ꣬ϺһĪ֪ʲôطðٲʵǿֲ
ʱĹźŭ˷ˣȴȫûʱ£𾪡
Ҫ֪ǿǺңĹеңޱȵĿֲȻһȴʧˣܶ飬޴档
һսɾϺſܵ޵
һͷоˣδ֪δ֪Ϊδ֪˶֪Ǿǿ󣬷򲻸Ϻ췹ԡ
һս󣬺ҳ̣Ϲ˵Ϻſܡ
Դ˺Ϻſʧ𽥵˵Ұ
ձϺſܣжʱһЩҪʺӿ۵ͷϰ
֪Ϻſǧ֮ǰѾ˰ɣĿƣȻش⡣
˵ȻЦֹӿȥѯʹɳ֪û˵ѣϺſһֱڣѾǺҾǧꡣ
һȲܽİɱ˭ģԲ飬ǵһ𺳵Ϣ
ϺſܵʵȻֲ˹
ĹҾǧల£ѾԽκδɣǱĹҵĴڡ
Ϻޱ޼ʣҵȷƿһУ˵ϺſܵʵȷʵúҶɵϺ
ã
ԷˮõϺſͷϣҲûʲô˵ġ
Ȼᣬ͸ˡױȭòط˵ء
Զ΢Цı鶸Ȼߣȥ
ǣ

Ƭ̺׷ɻؾзͬʱѲڴָеų
ִ磬û°ɣ󣬾ĵǺͼУΨܵʲô˺
İɣҺˣ˵Ѿصзˡվھзĵϣзˡ
û˸ģҪԼصĻ֡
ִ磬ʲôɱǰ߲ѣȥ󺣷Ҳɱ̫ɷ羰ˡ
ЦЦ˵Ϻſܡ
ɡ˫һһ˼ģ
˵䣬һ¥ǰз¥˶Ϊ˷Щ콾
еʳѣһʯʢԣЩˮǮ㲻ʲô
Ϊһʯʢ俪Ļ볡Ѿ裬Ʊ
֣ɡ˸սţױ㿴ķ֡
һЦݣ
ԭǷ֣겻żһύҵӣĻ
ĳҲд⡣
ʱʱ䣬¥в콾òͣȴû̫
׺ͷֶʱΪ㡣
һŽ壬ѰʦһǱҵĵӣݶ磬ʹЩ˶ǸɵʥӣȣҲȻʧɫ


107 ſܴ˵
˳ƣҸЦݣ˵
¶Ľ֮ɫƱ˵д˼ˣֺø
ͷǳЦǵһĨܸܿˡ
׹һЦƱյһ̳Ӿƾȥˡ
֣˵ϺſܣƹѲ׿ʵ
һȻɫʵֺι⣿
Ǻǡ׵Ҳûɱһº˵
˫һ˿ʣ޵ֹ治ڴҲĶ֡
΢΢һЦÿɷ
ֺһƣŵϺſܣ΢˽һЩ֪Ҳޡ
ղԣǧǰһսûнϺſܣҺܾճ
ϺһһصߣΪͨ쳹أǧ֮ܺλϣ𾪣ǷҶò˼飬ôƾճôֲǿߡ
һսеģʱʹٸСͨܿú
Ƿһλ˵Ϻһ۷ʥΪ
ôһλֲĻʯ򣬺Ҳֻ˱һĴֻܱˡ
λϺһܸԼȡ˵̣񡣡
һԼ֪Ļ˵֪Ҳ࣬Ҳ𺳼ˡ
ǿ΢ĩΪ̫Ƶˡ̾
սڴҲܱʿԪʿҲһָԼ˵߸ϵʥˡ
ҴӷֵĻУײһ˼
ʥ֮ϣȷиֲĴڣ
ֻ֣֪ʥǿʿѵбʥĴộҲ˫Ǻ档
ֵͷЦȷУ˵ﵽʥ۷ǰһͻ״˵е龳ĳҲֻǴӼ伮е֪δһλ龳ʿ
ҲûУ
֪УûУֻǷʥһԱ˽ɵĺĻܡ
šȻȻܣֻмеϺȨ֪ǻĹЦ̣ǵ̡
̸ͶֺǫһЩѰ⣬ҲһЩĵø߷֣λҵĺʥƵƵͷ׺͡
ʱһ
콾룬һɫװͲӡһֻչɵĽڡ
һҲĳɵĵӣۣӦǽڽ̵ĸӹɡ
ڽ̣벽Ĺҵɣ̱Ƚ𽣶컹Ҫֲʵɲ⡣
۾΢΢𣬶ڽڽİһõ˽ڽ̵һ롣
ڽ̵콾Ǳư̾żӣš
׺ͷֲδ⣬ȻΪߣһ콾δС
Ӵû뵽ôƯĹʱһλڽ̵콾ǿĿʱһ٬дơ
˵ΪǿڶΪ͸һɳȵϢ
ɫʱһ
ȻѾ϶Լδϱ;κ۸ϵĵϷҲС
˵ף׻һǿƵˣڵʱǿƹˣʹصʿ磬ԸҲδı䡣

һ˿âͷҲغȵ
Ӵ
ǽڽͬʱмҲվ
ֵɫҲúѿЩһҲˡ
ڽǿڷǰ㲻ʲô
λ̨ܴ֮˶УֻǱλİĽ֮⣬Ҳдô
ڽ̵Ӳ⣬׻죬죬ɶϡ
Ŀһִ磬۸ң㿴Ű졣
΢΢һЦֻһֻСӬҽаˣ⣬ȥ
ڽ̵콾ɫˣЦӾˣʲôʸ񱣻㣬űңϣ˼伫ֶС¡
˵һΣ׵Ŀûˣﲻֹ䡣
Ȫʦ֣ϵǽ𽣶ףŽ塣
ʱ콾һ˼Ȼɫһ䣬
ʲô
һȺ𾪣λ콾Ҳɫɫ粻ȻЦʲôƨŽ壬ˡ
Сӣǽڽ̵ĺʥȪΣȪʦһָͷ㡣ڽ̼Ϊ̫ͣڶݵľȺ̲ס
ȪҲһ⣬ŽΣΪδµΣڻֻΪԼһֵ֮ס
ңִȪǽڽ̵İ׳գô
ɫƽ֪Լˡ
λڽ̵ĺʥӣɾö


108 ֵط

ٿȻһçײĻӦôȻʶʱ䲻Ҳ֪ԷĻףҼǡ
תһ룬ƺˡ
Ҫ£
٣ֵܻǸӲѵаնԸһڶʿӮˣºܶҪˡ
Ӯ߲Ӯżķա
һӮȪϳΪ˵жŽҪɳƱѹ˴
ֵѾףҹԼս˵尵ɱ

Ȫ׵ĻһŷЦǿ׳ƵĿףûɣҪҾ

Žӻ˰ɣʲôΪҲȪʦ־
Ĵ
ڽ̵ӺһɵһȺ˶ЦѰ·
Ҿ͹ȥʼδƽؿһ˿â˸
٣ҲǶŭˣкϷˡּѾ϶ȪȻ׵Ķ֡
ã
ȪЦߵӾͳȫ㣬һʱ
ȪĿֳȥЦһ֪ϲʵֻһ
ۿСȭͷǷȫҶǷ
㡭ߣȪǵͨ죬ɨףӵ㡣
һȺߺ󣬷΢Ц֣һʱҪˡ
ЦҲȪĶ֡
ˣȭͷ˵ôִĶ֣ߡ
־㷹׼뿪ˣȭһʱȥս
ߡ
ִ磬ȥģ
ؼҡ
ҲҲҪսµִΪҲȥսģһġ
׹ЦɵѾͷ˵ȻؼϢһʱأѵڿջһֱš

Žڽ̺ʥȪҪƵģ䴫з
𾪣
ǱζʯʢֵĵһսԴӽ֮󣬻δ
Ȼ飬Ҳûϵһսס
ףŽ壬һʹﵽ죬ȷѼš
ǣʹپޣ츳ٸΣĲ̫ˣȪֱ֮Ϻ;Ĳࡣ
̫԰ˣŽΣѵô
ΪͿ˼ɣҪ»زˡ
ãԴİ׳ա
Ǿʿ뷨Ҳඥ콾ô
ȻΪŽ壬Ӧû³çȻӦսӦ̲Ŷԡ
ԾκηԸɵĶ콾һ治׻ôɵһֲӮⳡս
ΪһʤˣǾ˵Žֲ̫ˣԶ˵
ŵСͥԺſڣһλ޳л꣬Ż󣬲Ϣȴ΢·ʱʧһ㡣
Цݣڷ٣ϴޱŵЦݡ
𽣶סͥԺſڣ¶һ˿ЦݣȻɤӴףˣӭӡ
ۣ
˿׺ŷϴǰȲ裬Ȼһڲ
ţȴ͸Ѻãó׹ϵǳ
ŷϴһЦʣʦ壬ļҵĵôߵ£
ҵӣ񡣡ЦЦ˹˵
ʲô
ʹŷϴһ򶨣Ҳ̲סһ¶Ȳ˼֮ɫ
ӣ
ĸֵ̫ˣδ֮Ȼ׵ѣŷϴеԸӡ
ʦ壬ʶҵӣ
Цǰȥʱʥıнʶλӡ
ԭˡŷϴпɬ׵ֱ̫ˣͷϹϵ뼧ֲû¶Լս
лĹܣȷʲô
ŷʦֶҳӭӼɡЦ˵
Ӧˡŷϴɫ
ͥԺſڡ
ӹµת߳ʱЦСӣþƲˡ
˵꣬߹ȥſ˫ۡ
ģҲòãŷֱ겻ôˡҲЦֵܺݺܱһ
ŷϴվĿһ˿켴ʧӰ١
ǽ𽣶ʥŷϴֱַܡ
ŷϴЦݺܿһ˿ηЦӴԵü


109 ֮ս
ǰڡ
סŷϴԼڡ
Ŷһԣûһ㼧ӵģһС졣
Ϣ׽һʱеĴ
ΪĺܿǷֿʱǶ޽Ѿˡ׺һڲ裬Ц
ɲȷǱѰ겻ʱ䣬ѾﵽΪٶ˶ѡ
ЦһԲѵģû취˭ء
УΣִһȭܴſ㡣鶯üëһܲش
Ѿͷ׵ŮˣҲ˼
ףаնԸȪôҪûգֵܴսʲôڽ̹ƨʥӣһָͷ
бЦҺôҲǻˣҪСҡ
Ż죬ٶ̫ˣȫûñȰ
˵Ľŷϴ۽ǳ鴤һǿֵĳ嶯
󣬲ʹﵽɾͣ꣬ѣȣԼΪ츳ֱֵһᡣ

˽̸Ƭ̣һʱ֮Ͼ͵ҪȥսšֻôӦ
һ߳ͥԺûã㿴һƴӶ
֡
֣ȥսɡһ˵ţ˳˦˦ƺǺЦһӮˣǲ顣
ɷּԡЦ
ͷŷ֣ȻǷ֣٣ҳ˵㣬һȻ
۾һУĿ磬ȭԭǼӣˡ
ЦʲôʥӣȻֱ伴ɡ
ţҲΪôֵͷƺҲ֮ˡ
ڽڣ˵˲ˣСס档
ЦҲ˼
չˣ˲ţзʱѾɽ˺˶֡
Ƽ֮࣬Ǹɵ콾һȫѪǿѱ
һ˵ĳ֣Ҳ˺ܴ
ӺͷҺʥӾȻͬһͬǰһĻΪԼˡ
ͷѵ׵ѣֻһСʿˣȻܽύˡ
Ž治ֻǻСʿȻȻҺͷԽȥύ˵Ӧģɣ޵䡣
ĹҲ׽ύˣݲ
˶۷׷ףҲв¶мײˣֻ˵
ʱڽ̵˵ˣˣΪ֮ڽ̵ۣ޳׷죬ǹ졣
֣Ϊ֮˾ǽ𻢣ڽ̵ʥӣǼֲһһɫ˵
ɫĮбۿֺͼʱҲ¶һ˿죬ת۱ɫƽΪ
УҲܸо𻢺ȻﲻԪҲԶǶ콾֮һ
Ȫ¶ЦƵؿ
ˢ
룬ԳһӰɢֲѹһλʥ
ͬʱһ޴̨ӵ»óɣǼֵ̣ܵԪǿһ
סȪ
Ӱͳǿ̨λһս
ûжķϻȻսǾ̨һ˭
ã
ȪХ͸ޱȳȵϢһ̨ϡ
ףȪܺɽӣʾһλ콾İš
ĮâڻһУ˫֣óš
˵Ŀ⣬ס
Ȼҳȫ㡣״Цɫʩչӡ˻δѾ̨ϡ
ÿٶȣ
ÿֲ
۾΢΢𣬵һηԼƺСλŽ塣
䣡
׾ͷԼѪɫѪأѪ۳һ޴Ĺǧɡ
ʲô
˼飡
״˿չֳѪʿѹȪһͷ
ЦûûΣȻЩŵС껹нġ
һҲЦȪֵĶ֡
˵ĽԶĽһߣҲûʲô
ˣƵ߸ƨҲսһӴһ
㻹ǵΪʬɡ𻢲¼ֻЦûлӦս
ף
̨ϣȪٴδȣҺĳ֡
ȵϢǧڶ׹Ȫһӿĳ֡


110 ǿ
¡¡
Ȫڷ·һ̫һ֣һ㣬ڵľڻˡ
Һùս콾ǷǷ֮Ȼ˹ȴ첻ʲôӰ졣
սʿˣ֪ԵѹǶôľ޴ˡ

Ȫ̧һӣ˫ƺཻɫĳìǵأ״
Х̴ˣһĻ档
ǽڽ̵ġì֮߶طǵصĳɫìܶһС
׳ˣһХ٣һȭеĻìһ
һȭ״ǰһֻɫŴ̨Ȫѹ
ױǾɱǿƵսɱȪ޵е
Ȫд󾪣ûϵԼһ׵סҲ⣬սֹˡ
ˣ
һ죬Ȫֳһͷ޴ĽڣϮЩ콾ȻֵסϢ˺ʮ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ֺͼɫһ
ӰȪһҪѲվΪޣܳ׻ûڡһ˵
ӰѣСӡ¶Цݣ׺ġ
Ӱĳ֣׶ʱһַǳΣյĸо·ԼԵһͷبŴڵޣޱȵǿ󣬴ŻԵϢˡ
Ӱˣ
΢΢һһתĺɫȷ磬ݺײڽɫĴϡ
ԲɵĽɫ׻˲ƣ顣
ӰȻ鴫ʥǿܹأٻԶŵĽڣ˲һƬҲпܣȪֲܿ
׿²ˣ
̫ϧˣܵסȪһѾˣҪ֪ǻΪ
˰̾Ӱֺ󣬶Ϊױˡ
׷˿ƮûеĲһһѪʤ֮ǰ
ȻǰһȪʮԶޱȼ̵ס˽Ӱľ޴ѹ
Ӱʲô׳Хɳٴλ޴ӡݺѹӰ

ȪҲʼˣŽӰѹ
޾壬ʼӶȭͷܷһУһȷ顣
·ȡ֮ߣһȭһȭбɽΰӵ¡
Ȫɫһ˿ѪӰøӰƺҪʧˡ
ôܣ׵ôǿȪȫǶ֡
ԤеûзԽսԽ£ѹȪ
ʩչӰҪķѵ̫ˣȪѪת˵ࡣ
ܣܣһССĻʿҵĶ֣
Ȫŭȫѣ޴ĽӰ꼻һȻų⡣
˷·һ֮ӰȪɳЯŻϢ׷ȥ
һɾ޴ѹγһƬ״̬
ӰХ˶ɫ޷סһ
ȪҲľѣһѪˣȴЦƺѾױӰѹƬ
ݣ
˷
෴ȴ򶨣ޱ޼ʵѪ̨һȭӳɽ·ɽѣȽӰƻҪ۴
䣡
ӶϺڽӰϣһȭһȭȡ֮ߣǿ˾
⡭ǻʿӦӵеսô
飡
˫ݻŻǿŴɱкһһڿз֮һ㽫Ӱȫײ飡

Ȫ¶֮ɫŵؿǰһĻ޴ĽӰײֽ˻
ǰһ޴̨ҪһѹȪ
飡
֮⣬˫˸ųɫâ
Ȼս飬׵סȪɱУ㻹ֹôɫĮȵ
˫Ȼâݺݵص˷һۡ
Ÿƨ䲻мָСӼͣѹǸ׳ա
֣˴ˣѾӮˡ˵һ䣬ݣ˵ô࣬Ѿ׵ӡ
䣡
ƺû𻢵ḥ̂һѹȪⲻ棬ࡣ
㣡
𻢴ŭһɻɬɽϢͷų˫Ŀؿף¶ɱ⡣
飡
֣ȪʣһԴӳȥǡڽ𻢵ǰ
ͬޱ飬ħһ̨ϣٰ˷ĵ׶սˡ
ף̫֪ˡ۾һһҧߡ
׺ڷ٣ӳ𻢿ȥ޹ء


111 
ѻȸ
Բǧڣе콾ûг˶ؿףڿһߡ
ԻΪսʤڶʿ췽ҹ̷һ㣬˵顣
˶սˣս˾㤣һ·ɳδж£˭Ҳ
ϣϡɼӰδУһϯ
ĿɫѪڣһ㣬ǿĲ˼顣
侲ؿŽ𻢣ƽˮ˭ó½𻢡
ܺãܺã
Цڽ̽ǳˣȪɾ׵޵
ϣúûȥ̫ҡòȡЦв
ǳвˣ޾Һͼңڳǧ˾Ͷ׿š
üͷһˣӴѻ˵ôҪСһ·ɳȥδһֻ־ѹǽڽ̡
ĬȻûΪ˵ÿš
ɵŽ޵йǣԹʵֻ׻ᰲȻ޺õػô
һս˯þˣ̶ɱ󽫻ɵجΡ
ɫĮ뿪ˣŽڽʣĺʥӣԼΪʵ뿪
ʮڻȪ飬ҲԼٶȴз̶
һս˭˵Žã
սʤڣ췽ҹ̷սٴμʶǱ
һ磬ɣֻҪʥȻ޵¡

ȥ¥ףһսӰҲѸٲȫ
һŵıԺ˫ֶĿԶϢüΪ
Žôпҵȵս
˫˽Ѿǲݵľ棬Ҫǰˡ
ֹ˫ɱףһսҪ׶ɱҡеǿߣʤ
Ҳ֪ɱײף󲻵н𽣶죬лĹżҺͷңǼҺͷҪ˭Ҳ޷ɱ
ƺѾδһ޵еս

ʹ죡С㻹֮ͽȪܶ
һҾ¥ڣףͷһƣĴָ
׵սȷǿԭΪѹһͷڿȴδˡ
־ٱЦΪָɱֵսĿãŽԾ£治١
һƺȵҹŻ˷ܣ׵ֱۣε˷ܵЦݡ
̨ϣװģӡСѾͷԺУ֮ȥ
Ѿʼ۵ػˣڵٶȣò˶þͿԳΪɵʥӣʱͿ飬ԼҲᷴԡ
ϯɢȥȥڷرԺ·ϣŷϴǰ棬˵Цˣɫӡ
ִ磬รҪúϢ֣Լķ䡣
ЦЦҲתԼӡ
ҹ
׵ķڣϥڰУѪš
ÿһ콾󣬶ĺˮŬûܹɹŽҲһ
һսɣʵ״޴ջ
Ȫʵǿڽ̵ĺʥӾ˵ǽӰǿֲ죬׹ȻǿҸɾػȪҲǶȫǿôɡ
һս󣬼ʱȹΪսõİ취
ķתӿֳһ㵭ĽɫâۣЩº͡
׿ѹѪһѪҡϣ֪Ҫǿߡ
䣡
ʱ֮ңԶһž޴ǳƺ΢΢һ£һؿռ䣬ʼԴϡ
ȨǵҽˡȫһʼȨǵ
Ȩǵת֮Լƺ׽һЩһ˲ڷ·ܿʱİأֻǶ̶̵һ˲ֻǸоȵȫ㼸αӣ뻯ż
ڷӿһڵŭ̲ޱ޼ʵ
䣬һɰɫ³ƿԳǿʵ
ֿһС̨ף׸оԼԽĻ񣬹Ѿŷϴȼˡ
ŷϴΪ򶥼콾֮һײ֮࣬ȼʵơ
׵ΪЦͬΪǿ콾֮һˡ
Ҫ֪࣬Ҳֻʮ֮ܳΪ콾ףҲѾʸ
ִ磬ȥ׺ϣԺд
ѾͷҡͷʧЦ򵥵ϴˢһԼȥзı


112 
ӿȥозСƺֻ˶ѣ뵺ڣŻ֪ʵܴ󣬿һ֮ǡ
ھзһɽʢʯ觡
ƽɽ⿪ţʯʢ伴ĻΪ˸ʯʢȤ˿ɽֻҪһ裬ͿȥɽѰ
Ȼ
󲿷пıʯѾˣʣµֻһɽûпʯͷÿ˶ʮλʯԵɺϣгֵıʯ
Ϊ౦ʯ觶ǱƷ֣ܶȺӲǶҪ֮һıʯļ۸ߵˣ軹Ҫϡ١
ۣǾзĿɽôĹż̫ˣֻĿɽ쿰ɵĿɽˡƺʯԼ֡
һƬ͵Ŀɽɽʮһɽ˸صɫɫͭɫǺɫ
ʮɽۣʮɽͺܾˣһˡ
ɽΧ˲࣬󲿷콾ѰҲϣԵϡеıʯ콾ǸĵӣӲȱĲϡ
׺ɽڴ裬׼ȥ
֡
̧Ÿ׼ɽһһȴһĿž賯濴ȥ
ʮɿ⣬վһ׵ŮһϮһͷư㷢ѩȶˣ۳ಢ֮¡
ȻôһλݵŮϲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
̫ˣŮϲСѾͷǰ͵⣬ȻˣôһλŮСѾͷкûס
ԭױȭһӺݻʼԺл֮ȥ
ȻϲʱͬĺãΪŮӵԸȫͬ
ƽ֮Ƥɰʵܴ׺ܴĿ֡
ԸȽϳȣҺǣ粻ʳ˼̻ӣһֿĸо¶ָоԡ
ִ磬λ˭΢΢죬Щζʵ
пЦһСѾͷԴ˰
粻մ¶ӣ¶һ˿΢ЦЦλԹɣϺҵĵӡ
Ŷ
Ȼ
ھħȪһ£Ѿͨɽ쵶ŵĿ£ͬʱϺҲ֤ʵѰ˵ã޽ӽѰʦѰʦ
ΪܳĵӣӦھħȪʶġ
ߣǺЦִʱĿ飬Ϊ￴
кһͬΪŮӣ׿ǰλɵŮӶŲͬѰ㺡
ִ̫ҪץҪа¾ģķɲøˡ
ãڽ𽣶˵㣬˵Ѱһܳĵӣһ治Цһֱֻס׵ı۰̧ͷһ˿Ƶζ
ҡͷʧЦȻϲףСҳ󣬶ҵ˴檣ųԺбŮˡ
ˣмλҲȻ顣
Σһ˱Լķܷ֡
һĻѪȾɽĻ棬Ϊ˾ԼƵһ棬ʱԼУ֮ȥ
˵ЦҪ˵Ѱıȵ֣Ѱ裬Ѿﵽ۷徳硣˾鶯Ĺͳȡ
˫һСЦĺܿģֻҪ˳ףúܸˣ¶Էһλǵӡ
ִôûมЦһ˿øС
ȻתϣԣЦΪ˵Ķô
΢Ц̫ǫˣѰѾѰˡ
ЦЦɽһЩʯɣҲмʯͷһȥ
۲תЦȻѽܸȥԱ֮ء
ȥɣȥ𴦹һ䡣׶ʱоһͷ뿪˴
λɵ飬Ǳ˰ͲȥڣҲ֪ŮԼ⣬Լͬϲǣ˿̼м䣬˵ıŤ
һۣ˫۲һתͬʱ˵ѽ
ǺãȥгתתԵ׻ָ΢ЩǱ
ۡ
ۡ
ŮͬʱЦֻһۣ֪ŲɶЦˡ
ãұ㼸ıʯǼɡסĸ첲λӽɽγһķ羰ߡ
ðЦģͬýһ㣬ͬʱչһЦضΪ֮ʧɫ


113 ǿг
ϰϰϢƵһְĴұ顣
ֱ󣬲δֱȥгһľĺߣľ
ת򽫽ʱ䣬ַ·Ӱһ㣬Ժ֣Ҳ֪ûпٻص򣬵ʹܻȥҲ֮Ѿ˷ǣ׺ɣˡ
ʱ䣬Ѿ磬Ƚϵ׸ϲ
Ѫս飡
½ʿ磬콾ȷѪ
ľĥѾһǿߵ̬˵ڵΪţһ죬ʿ۷壬˲Ŀ
ؿޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣𽥴ﵽԲһľ磬ڹĵһɳѪͷǳһ޴Ѫġ
̶̵ɲǣΪٴξﵽ۷壬һǳֻҪһ֮ң
սѾһľ콾˫Ҷĸһս䲻˵սʤҲںܿܡ
վ￴ʱޱѪתŲг
ǸʱĽгӦûкöڵѰ裬һ㱦Ӳһ˫۾
ַǷĽгʱ˲Ŀ
Ȼ죬һٮٮߣ仹óѰƽء
˽֪Ž岻ҹһս˶̵ӡ
֡
Աˡ
ֻ棬Ҫֱ©ˡ˸״кǸɵ콾ѾϿ׵ʵ֮ǰײʲô
΢Ц˱ȭЩ콾վһǿɣ֮ύѣҲǲ顣
ҲֻǳƬ̣콾Ҳĸ֮״к󣬱ȥæԼ飬ҲڴԼӡ
һ콾ŽǰʮѾ㲻ˣҿܽǰʵ̫ˡиж
ΪһгͿǿߣˣѪм˸ޱȵǿ׶ûбʤİա
ˣҲа䣬ʿ磬ȷˣ֮΢չһαʮꡣ
ϸҲʮˣڵѾˣһģ
ˢ
һԶһţת۾͹ƽ
Ӧ濴ȥȴûκη֣ղоһǿϢɨӹһ˿⣬صĺܿ죬Ҳ޷о
˭Ŀ磬ϸϸӦȻǵϢ󺣣ʧ١
̫ߵˣһЩ˲ˡ裬Ǹ˵Ϣޱȵǿ󣬾һλ콾Сӡ
ǲ壬ɫ糣վһԣűʯ
ף
ٿȻ䣬ӽֵһഫһȣһ׺ȵϢӭһ¯ײ
׻֣ɢϢ۾ǰȥ
һӰԶлڽ̵ľװĮĵ⣬ֻǼĶ棬ңңԡ

ܻȻԶÿһ·콾ԶԶζЦݡ
ȻǽڽѰˣ׻Ȫڽưոݡ
ɫ糣ɫȻؿŶԷ
ϢǿüȪЩƣʵҪԶȪ̫ˡ
һУҹɹΪ죬δǴ˶֡
ɱȪĿĴ˫¡¡죬

ãȪˣն޻˵սҽôüͷһϻɱ죬һֲĶ֡
ʱвѾϳ󺺵ݡ
ԭǽڽ̵һλţȪø磬Ȫ壬ʱȪδﵽڣսˣǽڽǿĺʥ֮һ
Ȫ壬˵ǽڽһλϵ״ӣ츳Ƿ壬̺𣬺ʺڽ̵ķʮǰһ˵ĳǳأֻһλ˼ҵŮӣܣһŭ֮ѪϴСǣ˰ձɱ
ȪȪø磬ΪչղзΪõܱˡ
ȪȪ̫࣬ʹսʤȪȴδȪĶ֡
˽󺺵ݡ
׻Ȼ޹ֺȪòƣԭȪø硣
ȪЦϴűŰɱȵףһսô
˶ףĻӦʱսոһ
Ȫսʵھˣ˲ס
ֵܼȻŶұȫǡƽɢһ޵е־ò콾Ŀ


114 ɽׯ
һԶ콾㶼һһâɨֵϰܶࡣ
׺ڷ٣ɫ糣ɫκξɫƽ¶ޱǿš
Ȫսպգһɵʥӣ䶯ڽڽҲǽ𻢵ǿ֣ϣʶڽһʥӡ
ǿ콾ãϾȪ̫ǿˣЩպյʥӶ˵սʤȪ塣
Ȫǽڽʥ֮һ콾

ȪЦһͷɫͷƮȵϢгޱȣһ¯֮С
ĮŲпɱ⣺ܺãʱɱŮˡ
䣡
˫ۺⱬ䣬һѪҡϣ˲ɢһµɱ⣬ֻ߳ƾ仰ұն㡣
ΪѧַĿˣ㡣ȪЦĿ¶мת뿪ɲǼʧڽֵͷ
ͬɱ죬ԼвԼ
ۣ֮
ɾ׵ۡ
߳гɽȥɫƽȪһսкβס
ھȪ壬ȪΪҪܶ࣬ޱȿֲ콾ĿеĴУ
ͬ޵е־ѾĿǳ֮һ࣬㹻ٴӮûԻͣȪ壡
Žٴξսڽ̺ʥӵ飬һ㣬ٴδз
ĺ䶯ʤ֮ǰ
ȪֱȪҪܶ࣬һеٮٮߣȪһսȻĹսߡ
ּ֣ˡǰɽ·ϣһˣ½ʥҶ֡
Ҷֲһһְ꣬һϮ£޹⣬ܲۡ
̧ͷ׿һۣһ˿תֱƽ
⣡
һ𣬶Դ˲Сơ
ղһۣһԺľ޵ĸоһͷ˵ޣʱ׼¶ݣԷ˺ҧƬ
Ҷ𲢼ߵˣһ콾
Ҷ֡ױȭ΢Ц
ҶЦݣĿȻƽͣһ˿˿ͱŰʱһš
ҲһֻصĺĻɲ⡣
Ϊһ£λǾɽׯ멣֣λµĽ֡
ԭǾɽׯ
Ŀ΢ھɽׯ˵򣬾ʼԴҲ
ɽׯڰ벽Ĺż壬ɲ⣬ΧȽ𽣶컹Ҫܶ࣬пʮ˵Ĺȣ򶦶ɸࡣ
ԭ֣
멵ʹ۾ĮȻع֣ͳ͸һ˿ս⣺ҶҲһսĳȥĦ
멺콾֮һսֲȲϽ𻢣ҲܸҶһϸ¡
ּսǲţʱȥսڴٴοֵľɡ
׹һЦҶˡ
ǷֿԶȥıӰ˫۲Ծ
˶֮ҶԼмĵ⣬ǵзѣԺһѪս
ײںֻҪٸʱ䣬Լ󶥼콾ƽƽ

ɽ
Ѿضͦν˶ӰߺŮ¶һ˿Цݡ
ִ硣
֡
¶֮ɫСܹȥס׵ı۰磺ִ磬ʲ˵ҪȪһս
Ҳ˹һͷ䲻˵ʲô͵ľɡ
΢΢һЦ٩ҿΪλŮڵҵİȫ𣿡
ֻһĲŵҡͷЦǵȷ㣬ȪȪɱȣһλС
ҲС߶ƵĿͷ۾һһأǳĿɰҲ˵ִ磬˵Ȫǽڽǿĺʥ֮һĪҪӦսˡ
ЦСϹһ£СѾͷұӢЦ𣿡
Цֲٿ⣬ʲôư㷢ײػ
˶ϿʤһУ΢üеʵ֣аմӮȪô
֪ЦЦɷ޾κˣսܾ壿
ǣ
׸㷢΢ЦİѾͷзִ磬ҿһλϧˣһûȢţô뿪ء
ִ滵ЦӣǰĵҲ֣ӲĵִһҪעⰲȫŶ
ҡͷ۽⿴һ˫ˮӣͬʱ΢һ£ߵλ˼ɫԼκζ
ҺȪһս磬ǻȥȲ裬пУԸһͬǰ
һͬȥɣһкܶڱʯҪѯءһʱѣѾſڱտں㣬ϾȻһ˿֮ⶼûУһľѾͷĵֶ˵á


115 ɽ
зһƬĵ⣬Եúů紵˴ڵⶼˬ
ոһʱƸ߳սջҪ࣬ٶ콾ˡ
½̵ҶҲˡ
ֹɽׯׯ쵶ŵ˫ս񹬵뿪ʥҲˡ
ĹżҵӼҲˣ˵Ī֮ϵܺá
ҵķҲˣ뼧վһ𡣡
ڽ̵λ콾ˣʥɫǧǡ
ս˺ܶ࣬ɵ콾Ҳнгʿһǧˣۼȴ׺Ȫһս
ûȻһҵս˭Ӯ˭䣬˶²͸
ȪȻ˽ڽֲĺʥӣҲѼĽ壬䣬Իڶľţսͬ¡
һ޷⡣
ŵŵŵţ
ԶһƵĽŲףըĻ̻̣ĸꡣ
Ȫһĸߴ󣬼ᣬɫļ˱ըһɹϮˣſֵϢ
Įֻ΢΢һͷȻһһӡ̨
׹
䣡
һȣħɻɫԡڰɫĻУһ澫顣
𣡾ȻǼ𣡹ֲòھ̲ؼǿֲһλ콾ϳְɫĻ棬̲ס
ֹ˿ȪĻ󣬶ɫ䣬һ˫˫âϸĦ
ػܶ࣬һǻɽԲʮﶼޱߵɫ棬ܷһС
Ȼɽ𣬵Ҳػ֮һ󲻵İɱһʿֻҪУ˲ͻҷʬ޴档
Ȫȴ̺ż𣬼Ľڽķˮսɲֹ
ڳ콾۽֣֮󲿷Ѿˡ
ϧˡ
ȷϧٸʮʱ䣬ȪҲĶ֡
Ž̫ʢˣλĽҪˡ

۵˷վһķֺͼͬʱüͷ
֣̾Ϣ
۾ƽʱͬƺУģҶСģʲôƨһȭ顣
ϣˡ̾ϢһȪʵ̫ǿˣʹҲûӮȪ塣
ף
̨ϣȪٴδ̨ڣǳĸͳȡ
䣡
̨⣬һΰӰ̤գһһѪƵѪҡϣһ޵е־
򵥾װڷ٣˫һȪİŰ̧߽
Ƭ̺λɫӽǰһѾȥ
λӷ˾ĿӶ޶ãӿ̨ϡ
λϺҵʥŮѰ˵ãȻҲսˡ
ֱ۵Ůǽ𽣶ƽ͵Ů𽣶Сߵúܽ
ϳˣҲɻ뺫׶飬ôۿ׵ı
ҿ飬ƺףѵѵλΪпܳΪѰʥʦŮϲף
뵽ֱ¶֮⡣
ˣ׿ɫ죬ıӵˡ

һ̨̤һɽɫѪⰵɫ棬ͻɽӵİ
ĿƽȪ塣
ٺ٣ڻǾˡȪҰϢͶŻذϢ
ƽĿ⾫տȵֵŶȻȴǵԸ

ȪЦּһѹգȵϢ
ʲôƨŽ壬񻰡
ǰһߣ¡¡죬ضڲһŭ
䣡
ײʾͬǰһͬʱ˳֡
¡¡
Ȫһȭɫʮɣзޱȡ
׽ɫӳḥ̂ӭȥ
¡¡
䣬תۼͽʮУ̨쳣ļ̣·Բǧɶһˡ
治򵥣׾Ȼ·磬Ȫÿһȭ֮żһȭܷһλʿ
ʩչǽ𽣶Żͬһźܾտĸ񶷼̫ˣҪǿ̫౶
ǱȻģΪֽˣѾǻΪˡ콾˫â۾գضսĳ档


116 ѹ
죬ֳЩ콾ϲʲôͬϣȴ˵ˡ
׻ȪٴνһС̨ףսȻӵĿֲˡ
콾УڣǿԪʿһսˣ

䣡
ת˲䣬ӲƴȪʮУҲ·磬޷κ
𣡡
Ȫ¶ŭյɫΪôʱ仹ûн֣һֳ衣
ءȪһȭȻȻ˺˫ֽӡܺȻֵޱǹɰɫļԽŨˡ
һ׸еļµϢȪͷų
кâɽŲӡ׷ȥŻΪһһ
Ŵɱк϶Ϊһûһȥ

Ȫ˫˸űŰɱ⣬ЦͻȻſһ£³һɫ

ɫ֣һ޴޺쳹أѹ죬ձ
˻ޣȻޣȪʵȻֲز
мʶ콾ȫɫ䣬뾪ŵ
ޣ
ǽڽ̵һǿ޾ޱȵĿֲǿ󣬻ӵױȵƻһͷ̺ʹʿҪ
ȪĻɸΪˣΪ̺żֻܷһУһͷ޳Уǧڵĺˮᱻĸɸɾ
޳֣¶ȼɫĻ̨ɢȥ
˵ˣඥ콾΢üͷ˼
Ƕ֮ûҪֵطԼʵ
ɫ涼عѣʯͷֱӻ촷ۣʾ
ģĻ޳ײھϣʱװķѣĹ㡣
Ŵɱк϶Ϊһһô׵ķ顣
׵ɫһαޱȵغࡣ
ȥɣȪǣޣ̫׹䣬ɽХ㳯׷ȥ
ֻޱȿµɱУ˶Ϊ׸޷̼ʬ޴档
Զ۾ѾУĿ磬ƺʱҪ֡
ŲôأԼֵܵסһУʱ֡
һ߹սĽ𻢣ʽ׸̵ֲɫͬʱһĿ⿴Ȫ塣
λڽǿʥӣȪҲĽ䱸֮ġ
˲ͬ׵ɫ֮⣬κξֺ;ɫ

ʱױͻȻཻɫâһ޴Ľ
ÿһʮɳɢܣݺᣬ˺ѷ
ս
Զսŷϴ¶֮ɫٵ޴Ľ૵
սǽ𽣶켫ΪǿһΨʿ
߶ɽХһ㣬ܴݻһУ׽ΪʿޱȣʩչһǿɱС
սҪԶŻ
ȣ
һȣٴαǣɫѪգǳİ
ٵ£εΪ׳ۣȻٵתȻγһڶ
ڶڽȣԽκεʡ

սʽ콾УȻһХӭޡ
¡¡
ݺᣬµɱ˼ɵ콾Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ǿƣ˭Ķ֡
ɫĽʢܱգնһУתŻһ޴Ľ˹ȥ
𣡡
ŭ𣬺ηӭȥ
貵Ĺâҫֻ̨ۣʣļײ˺ѣնҪѿˡ
̫ǿˡ
Ȫ׸ӿֲһɳ޵Уܵ콾Ŀ¶裬Ѿ׵µĶ֡
ˮ죬׵籬޴Ľڻϣ貵Ĺą̂
ߣ
ȪʱȻֶˣһ̤·ܽĶס׵ͷһȭ
һȭ޻ڣȴлصܴһɽ
״ȣѪӣŻһͬһȭ
ۣ
ۣ
ȭͷײһ𣬶ʱޱߵľ죬ȻͬʱѪ󵹷ɳȥ

ȪȼվѪӲڰͣ£ȻͨðƵٴγ˹ȥ
ɫ侲ݵٴηһȭ
Կ죬ȫȼ˾ѪȫǲҪĴ򷨣һȭһȭһƽһƣѣ˵
Ȫʵ
Žʵս޵Ķ콾֮⣬˭ֵܵ˭ܣ


117 ޱȵǿ
¡¡
ת˲֮䣬˶ƴʮУѾþȫȫ͵Ĵ򷨣ȼѪǱܷӵ¡
ˢ
һ޴ĽɨȥҪȪضϡ
ȪĿ䣬䲻ݷض˹ȥͬʱɫ棬ס
˵ļѾˣ·ΪѪˣȫƲҪĺķ
ȥ
ٿȻ䣬Ȫ屳ֳ޴ĽӰаɴѹס
ۣ
ٴһھѪѣѪ䣬Ե÷ǳ˺Ϳֲ
ܣתɾķڻָһ˿󣬺ݺһ
ɫ޴ḥ̂ڽӰϣȻһӾͰѽӰˡ
ܵķҲܿ£ڰһҡڣؿڴѣѪҺա
ȪҲܲҲأҲڽתķˡ
ʱķ¶ɡ
ֻ䣬˫⣬Į飬һֳ̤һ޴Ľ޼᲻ݣңȪնȥ
Ȫ󺧣ٺˣ¶ź;֮ɫ
ôҲ벻׻ָٶȾȻ˱̬һս֮
ٶٿ죬׵ٶȿ죬ŲӡɲǼ׷Ȫ壬һȪؿڡ
꣡
ȪؿݣعǱķ飬һľѪٵţڲϵļ
飬Ը䣡
̨Įһǿȫѵڿգٶȿķ˼ûзӦ£Ȫͷ­
һȪʱɢʹɽ٣Ҳ޷

Ľɫâ貣Ȫͷ­תɾķȫˡ
ļһ£Ѫ;ţƬ̼ǿסѵΣա
ڷ٣Уһ޵еʣĿ侲ҿ£ɨˡ
ž
ļž
˶ϢĸоǰһĻԵôʵ׾ȻĽȪеˣڽǿĺʥӣ׵Ķ֡
󲿷ֶסˣȪӲƴУȻΪµ֮һȻ׵Ķ֡
һУȪ壬Ϊһҫ۵ǡ
콾˵Ŀܼɵ׵ʵκδĹעˡ
Žô£ÿǰһϢ˾ޡ
ȪֲܿһЩ콾Ҳ˵Ȳʤ㣬Ȼôһǿʿȴһ˸еˡ
ϯλѾӵˡ
ͷʬ̨ϣֽȪͷ­һԣδ̨Ǽˡ
䣡
ޱߵĽɫѪڵһʱ̨֡
ĵµĵѪ
콾Ŀⶼܸӣм콾䣬ض̨𱻽âֵӰһ˿˿ɱӿֳ
콾ĴУ
ʣֻҪ˳ɳȥֻ»ѹһ̧ͷʮ󣬻Ϊһˣ𻢡˫Ķ֡
С̫̬ˣȻսʤȪ壬սȻȱŻҪ̬
෴콾ĳĬȴִЦһԵķֺǼҵôֱͷСûʲô
Ȼͬˣ׵ǿԤϣʹ۸ڶ˿ֲսҲҪʰ·磬̾硣
ף
ҧгݵ߳һɻɬֲѹ˵ˣΨȾ˻
λڽ̵ʥӣڶŭˡ
ڰΪǰ벽ԪΪǿʥ֮һȻĹҵλӣȼҪ̫౶ˡ
Ϣֲǿѹ죬˺ٲȻܲסľѹ
˫Ŀ𣬷絶̨ϵӰϵϢԽĿֲȻ֡
ĪĹâƺǺ죬ΧûʲôȵϢ˶ţ𻢵һԽ״
սǿԽ𻢻λڽ̵ʥӣѾɱ
ˢ
Ӱڽǰ֣Ǽͷ֡
𻢣ΥأŽڽʥӣɫƵ˵̨ﶯ֣
ɫĮ䣺𻢣ڴ˵س֣ʹǲ㣬ҲĨɱ㡣
ǹ𻢺ǳ⣬˿ĹżС
ġŭŭĿԲȻֳһ챮ȵģһӻ㲻ɣ

ȫȻ˵úԶΨ꼰㡣
ӺͽڽʥѵĲѺҷУս
㻹У𻢲δԼ֣ҲܼɵĹҵĵֻ̣غȵ


118 Ϊ
潣ţƺһӲҵս޷⣬϶ӿֳһ˿˿ɱ⣬뼧ս𻢡
λֹսλعأҪҳ֡ڼ׼ֵɲǣкȻһɺ嫵ѹʥϢ
ڰеԪʿ˾档
ͬʱҲˣǻĹźҵΧȻҵĵ̣һҵӻʥӣҪعء
ߣ
ߣջһ˿ɬϢת뿪һ뿪ֳ
ڽӣΪڽ̵ʥӣѾûˡ
У
ָǲм
ǼδļôôôףʵȷޣδسΪǿߡ
䣡
̨Ϸ¡¡죬ɫѪɢȥȬǿƵվ
޳࣬ɫ˫ǿţݵش̨ûȥʬһۡ
һս𾪣ֶһҲֶһλ
þηĿ⿴ףҲв콾Ŀƽдŵ⣬սʲô˵ġ
Զ멺ҶֲΧûˣ˶˵ǵ¼˸ҿô
֣ΣһϷ㾫ôҶЦݣ崺硣
멱鵭ȻκֻĿǣͣƬ̡
һλС˵Ȼת뿪ˡ
ٺ٣һλôȷǡҶҲؿһԶףŰϢһţͬ뿪ˡ
ͬʱ뿪ĸλ콾ǿһս䲻˵ʲôȻѾΪֲĶ֮һҲǸĶ
ֳ˶ףǲӽޣò˶ã׾ͻһʮнԪʿʱ

ִ磬ȬûУôѪһҪúòһ
߳æ߹ȥһ˫ȥİǷȬ
䲻ˣĿҲϸף֮Զ׼
ЦˣѾȬȻһƧĵطѹϸ飿
åߵ糺죬Ϻݺšһ¡
ϲٴʤһսֵȻ˲֪˫˸ĪղװԾµģҲӡԺС
⡭ϲˣô㣬ܰôһˣԼҸҲ֪㡣
ߣȾȥһ§ס׵ĲӣͷЦλŮǼ˰죬ֵܺȾƣǱˡ
컬ࡣ
û
ͬʱ߳ûɵŮˡ
Ϊ׵ѣԹ˵һ仰ں棬Ų׺ͼѾߵӰˡ
˵ɫ
Ѿܶ࣬ϣ֮ٸʹε츳ҲΣˡؿһ˹˵
ĳˡ˵꣬һӰһ漴ʧ
ɫٿȻһ䣬һ˿ȻΣȻ漴ֱޱȵļᶨ
ףҲܵ˺ġŮѾԶȥӰĬĬ˵
վһԵؿ˫Ҳֳһ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ҲܲѽҺִ֮û谭ǡʹϲִ磬Ҳһִ󣬶Ǹ˵ִ֪࣬Σˡ
֪ϺʥŮĹź׶飬ѾǺδޣĸϲǵƻĹҡ
ʵ֤˵Ǹˣǰ벽ĹĹżΪУҲֻȫ
ЩԻĹŴļ壬ֱ֮
ΪϣȨףҪִΣ֮ءǣס֣͸һЦݡ
ףǾ˫Ử䣬ЦЦãģʹҪҲ˺׷ֺġ
㡣
ȥˮЦȥסĵطСЪƬ̰ɣ˳ҽαʶʯΡ

շƽ˾ھзƽ֮սһЩ콾Ը⿪ŽսĿãǱޣΪУΪѡ
⼸ʶ˺ܶˣ󶥼ɵʥӣս񹬵뿪
뿪һλӣòʤκһλʥӣҲĪһϮĹ°
δύףĳһڽг˫ͷʶˣ뿪ϲδ˿ɱԵúƽ͡
Ԥϵģʶ뿪ҿӣΪǳΪˡ
뿪ս񹬣սڻĹżҵĸɣˣҲǿ뿪Ϊսȫʥӣ뼧ʶҲ֮С
λʥҲڰΪΪǿܶ࣬¼һַ죬ǰغŲ裬üͷ΢ƺԶ¡


119 ʯʢ
ȥʱ䣬׽ʶɵ콾ʵػĵģҲĽѵģҲжмģΣǼʶɵʵ
һ飬־޾콾һãмʮλװдһսֻż𻢡뿪Ķ콾̫Զ
Ҫϱ򡢶ĮԼĴô׵ս΢һŽǰһپͺܲˡ

º󣬶ʯʢ俪Ļ
ΪεĶʯʢ䣬׼࣬ǻؽ˴ʯҽصʯͷҲóΪ˱εĶʯʢ䡣
зشһյ¥󣬽ۼ·Զ񻰵ͥɹ֮С
ʢĵص㣬ɸС
ɸ󣬵̺ռ䷨߽ȥ֪ԲƷ˽һСǡ
޾ʯѻɸڣʯһչ
ʯĹܼ򵥣ԽһԼѡʯͷʯпκαﶼڸˣҲȡκηá
֮⣬˶ʯҲ˵˫ѡһʯʯ֮ǰ˵öע˭гĶΪǶʯʢٰ֮ʯʢĺ׬Ϊÿһʯı۶һ۵ʯҪǧ衣

һΡɸ̻ͣԻͣư磬̤ɸ㿴Уʷ裬·ɵ֮Уƻá
ɸܴصһһŻŻһ
ÿһƱ۸񶼲һĹƱ۾͹ˣһ˸㡣
һˣҲһɸУΧӿԼɼ곤ݣҩ׺Уһõطʺӡ
óɵٰʯʢ䣬Ҳ˵ʢĿأɸͼֵΨлĹҲ˵ĵ̺
˸ɸ󣬱һȺˣһȺйԹ콾ǡ
˫ɽҵǶҲڣȴ֮⣬мߣȻɽϣΪߣǿҲڰѡ
˴δֹԪʿ룬ɽδọ̃⼸λҲǷ
ɫǸߴ󣬴֪Ѱ˵ãԴļһﲻ֪Ҫٱ
ӭϡ
Ӵԭַŷ֣òλðɣ⼸ַ˷ͷն˽ڽλʥӣǰ޵У˾š
˫ǣ˫ʱ¶Цݣض࿴ۡ
ߵɫһ䣬ԹĿף
ŷϴЦַɰȻʵɽҶΪұݻ˳Ծ
ɫ䣬Ŀߵ쵶ɽѾɹͬˣһҲ֮Уŷʥ㣬̹Ȼĺ
ŷϴüͷ΢˫ʱâ˸Цδ
Գִ˵زܶ䣬ɽ쵶ŵɽô½𽣶졣
ɫŹ֣Ʈ˵ŷʥԭǽ𽣶ҫ۵λñѵһ㶼𣿡
Ǻǣֿ㲻ʲôǵȥȥħȪĳջķᣬ֪ھħȪʲôջ񣿡
㣡
ʱԣԹͷߺ޵ɫףõʹħȪȫףԼӴˮһգΪЦ
ױ鵭Ȼ޾߿µϢ΢Ц˵
ףСС;Ͳ֪ߵغѰϷɵСֵһᡣһλüЦ
ʲôҲҸѰ׺ǿƣߺȵ
С̫ˡλϴŭǵͨ죬ӱޱȡ
ЦʲôôҲΪ˵Ѱ㻹Զ
̫ˣʵ̫ˡ۴Уͨ죬ӶףǶһô
кβң
ķʱ˲Ŀ׺ɽҵĶԹ˾֪û뵽ɸĻˡ
ʶɽλϣһλѰʦһʯͷгٽ裬޳һ˫ۣǳ
Ѿ޽ӽѰʦˣδĶ֡
ǿδأɽΪһѩǰܣǿѰʦһеĿˡ
˹ҲڵҪʲôע
ȻǶʯͱжע
СϷʯҪʲôעȵ


120 
ɸۼеɹ˺ɺ׷裬ʷƻá
ɸһŻڣʱȴţǿɽҵϣҪ֮ʯ
ױ鵭Ȼƽ˵һŻڲʲôʯע̫ҵ㲻ܣٽ赱עɡ
ãߺԥӦ
һҲֻЩѰʦô£֮ٽ赱עο˵ظûʲôʯֻǶʯʢΧĳضѡ
פ㣬һϷѰʦ
ɽЦ׳ٽ裬ȻѰʯ
Ҳ׳ٽ裬ȴûƶŲֻǻһ˫гɫâ˸
ˢ
̧һУһ鿴ܲ۵ʯͷ£һߵͨʯͷһɼ˿ۣڽʽ
ϼôҵʯͷЦͬʱ˫Ŀһâϸ
Ƭ̺ҵһʰ쵵ľʯɴСһʯ
ЦףٽǾȴ֮ˡ
׳գûʯأлʲôлƿڴ
˫ɫͬʱúڶԷǼݣûҷ
ɽҵʯͷƾճһµС⣬Ȼ
ϻӵ߽ϱпȻԥֻӶһۻҵĶѰʦеַʯ˾㶢ſҲҲͷѰʦķ
䣡
ʰ쵵ľʯеһʱ򣬶Ȼһɺ嫵ǳĴŹâҫۣһСȻС
ɽҵĸ֣г裬ҴӴСа
迴࣬Ϊûб˴˵ĶעˣѾܿ͹ˡ
ֻǿɸΧûʲôʯгʮ述Ѱʦ
λϴһӣڷɳ䵽ϣ貣ҫЦݡ
СʯˣʯͷҲ۲쿴ǷʯٽϾͻˡߺţӶס
˵㲻дѰɫ侲һģֱߵʯͷ
⡭
ʱƹˤôôʯģгҲˡ
ҪˣȷһʯʲôûС
Ȼһ˲䣬˶סˣŲ˼Ŀ⿴ǰһĻ
ʯ飬̳ܲȻȴɢһ͵Ĺâ΢΢ĵɫˮһĴֻжָС

˶ˣƵطȻгҲ̫췽ҹ̷˲ˡ
ָСԵֵǧ裬һʯ˭ʤ˭Ѿ
ɽҵ۾ŵضǰһ𾪡
ɫ˲ǷȥǳһֻƵģĿ¡
˫ɫӣһ仰û˵תɸĵڶŻȥɽﶪˡ
ֵܵǧ裬ˡȻ˵ĶҲյָ鵭Ȼ
ɽҵɫȻһ仰û˵ȫǷϺ;Լš
ղѾ̽ˣȷһʯΪܴгѵѵԼѰ治ˣ
ԣĴ̫ˣݻţĬĬǰɸڶ졣
׿ԶıӰ¶Ц
ɽûѰ֣Լǵ㼿Ӧûᱻʶơ
λѰʦֻѰȴ׸̤˵ؾѰ۲鿴ʯͷѾϢʯͷһʯ
Ѱͷ˲ѰȻ׵Ȼѡʯ
ֻϧɽλѰʦң޷һҲ֮С
ɽҺôҲѰ֮һѵû֣üʵš
ǻһֿܣǾߵļλѰֻ֣طԼʵмһᣬҪɸ֣гı
֣ɽӦиֲˡײҪġ
΢΢һЦ׵޷ɸҶʯҲ㵽ס
ЦѾ޽ӽѰʦǵȷĶ֡
ЦСӣ̫ˣһЩΣ
ǼӣȱЩбۿ
ǼĶθУһЩҾûʲôѹˡ
Ƥ̫ˣֱ˼ҵ棬ںЩҪ衣
㡣׷ŰۣѸг͸˼ͬʱҲûŷϴӮٽ͸ŷϴٽٽ
лʦ塣
ִˡ
ɸԵһȻ˷ãȥ


121 
ɸأо죬ÿһռͱøһЩʯҲࡣ
һ˴ӾɸһصĶʯ󣬽ɸأȻʱջķᣬѾɸشҲɸ졣
һ޴Ĺ̻Իͣۼ˲ˣ󲿷ǰμӶʯĸּˣиɵ콾Լгһˣǧ֮ࡣ
ѰɽϺңȻȴ֮⣬ʵʮѰ壬ƿţó
ܿ˵صȷвٸ֣мλ׷ԲԵߣѾӽѰʦľ硣
ǼλΪߣڶѣԪѰΪĸ޳һԶۣͨʯǷУֻҪѡеʯƱг
Ǽ˻ĹңѵûȦһЩѰʦΪʵ
ȻѰʦǼҴҵҪĵطֶ࣬ҪûѰʦռ裬ٴļҵҲ֧ŲסʮꡣȤһʯսڴ
գŴ۾ʵ磬ΪβǼҵѰʦ

ЦΪ˵λ֪׹ϵܺãҲ֪Ѱ˵ãҸôȻ࣬ҸղŲһ𣿡
ģ޳ܵˡ
аһ浹ͦ˵ģϣԽԽãǷԼԽˣмҳͲκһˡ
ˣ˵ߣǼСִ綼Ҫһ㶼ĹżӦеɡ
ͷҲûʡʡɵüŪۣǵСһƴȥ
ֱȣȻڵѰʦˣһλ֣Ͼ̤Ѱʦľ硣
Զһλˣһѩ׺멵ֻۣҰɫӹתɲǼɫâǰɨ䣬ԲʮĿռ䶼ɫâ֡
ɫ΢䣬̧һУһʯɵĽ¡
ʯƵɸ֮һ۸ˣҪǧ衣
µ͵û뵽Ҳˣɵʥ˭֪ƲƲ죬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ڣ֮һǿ벽Ĺҵĳƺš
ĺܹ죬ǰóóǷޱȣһż򵥵ķӵоÿһλڵĵӣŷֽһŷӳȥһɽܻ顣
֮⣬ɻó󷨺ŶݼףǳأײǼ͵ǿ֮һ
ǰ뱱İ벽Ĺҽ˫սʮ죬˳ԾڽǸһɸˣ˵һŽɫķֽɴСֱӺɽţǸɡ
һսԾ֪ڵĿ£ȥ͵ɾȻٴˣбضŲΪ֪İ
ܼɵ֤ڵĿºء
֣ټǶǷôʵ
סĹҵ飬ֱ̫ˣڹȻأҲӦ֪Ŷԡ
ʼ磬Ʋλ֪һֻ֪֪ɺǿ󣬾ǱϿȥô򵥣ɲ⣬Ѿǲˡ
˺ȻĻ޵ķʸ˳֤ݣصѵĹҿʵˣǱȻʾһ𣬳ΪʼԴǵľް֮һ
˵ʱ䣬λѾʯһѪɫâʯͷųź嫵ķأ˲Ŀ
ȻǺöֶݣĿúܲͬ
ɵıʯ̺һ˿ԶѪҺȻһ˿ѪҺ΢鱦ʯܴʥˡҲ̾
һܴʥıʯȷ챦ˣǧֱ̫ˣʥļֵԣ΢΢
ڳ֮⣬Ѱʦ׷׳֣еնķᣬҲеĻͷװ˷ѰļǮͷֻһʯʲôûС
Ǻ׬ˣгı̫٣ֻһҾջʮˡ̾Ϣһʵ
ȷӮʼնǺңֻƾƱͷʯ׬ˡ
֣λǾɽׯѰʦһʯΣ
ʱ멺ҶǶͬʱһλǣŹȣȽһȳһգһнľģ
׺ͷͬʱȻ˿⡣


122 ޶Ծ
Źȶϵ׳ߣ꣬ۡ
Ȼôһλȴ׺ͷȻ
˫ۺأͫ׺ǻҰɫģһϹӣȻףֻǽѰ£Ѿ޳һֻѰʦ
Ҳ׼ǿѰʦڵλ˻Ҫܶࡣ
ɽׯ½Ѿ֪ӺδλѰʦҪڶʯʢһչ
ƾֶΣһɨκαﶼӲһ˫ӣ첻ֵ֡
ţȻ̧ͷ׿һۣɲǼҰɫۿתɲУǹͿ¡
ЦЦʩչֶΣԼеסžĿӡ
˫۱УԽĹˣһƻҰɫâҪ̽Ѱϵܡ
׻֣ƽĻҰɫâɢ˫۲ԾҲɫƽ˵ǰԵɾ˽Կ̫ðɡ
񵱳üͷƵغߵ̫ʲô
˫еʧµͷ˻ƵС޲СС;˱죬ͷһμôѰʦ
멲ƽĮϺ¶һ˿ЦݣȻܽӲ˵֣λǰһʯӦô
ٴУ֪Ŀ£ѰֶΣԸѡʯˣΪʩչѰסʯ̺ϢѰʦѰҲʯ
иѰʦƻľʯ̺תƵʯϣԼ棬Լˮг䡣
ճƬ̣Ѱʦ׾ˣгʯһɫҰף翴Ƶ
ֶο죬ֵطֱһУһֲ
սҲ˺ܶע⣬ڵλҲ߿ĿҼɵ
á΢ЦͷӦս
ܺãС޹еʶͷЦҰɫֿʼתˡ
멲ЦЦطʯ̫ˣȥɸʯɡ
׵ͷʾû멲ɸȥҶ멲ߣȻһ˿ζЦݡ
Сӣа𣿡ʵ
Ҳ˵Ѱ˵ãڵʵĶ֡
׺̹Ȼ΢Цһս֪
һҲɸȥٿֵ콾ʿҲ˷ãǰ
ƱȻܹ󣬵ܹһʵҲֵõģɸȻʯҲܼ©гء

һǧа˰ٶ뿪ˣȻв˲Ը뿪˵أǸղʯ˾ʣٲһѣϣгö
ɸܴһ޴Ĺ㳡رأлʥ
طÿһʯͷ۸񶼲ƣѡʯʱעˣȴû˼ȥʯ
˭ֶ֪죬ȥѡʯʮа˾Żѡһʯ
һ˫˫Ŀ⳯ǿ֮ĶԾ
׸̤˵أ¶һ˿ĺȻЦݡ
Ѿʩչ࿴ƲʯͷѾ⣬Ѱʦȥʯ
ЩǼЩǷʯһ˿趼ûУ˵챦ˡ
ûв̫̫Źڹ㳡ţҰɫתڴһʯ
һµѰʦһȫѡʯȻ𾪵г޼۵
λԶģײҴ⣬Ҳڹ㳡Ϲ۲죬ʩչѰۣʶʯ
䣡
ʯڷŹ⣬һʱ磬콵ʯѾԶ׷
ߣ
Ц̫ˣѰԼĽŲ÷ʯͨʯԻԼ
תķѰʩչ£Խʯͷ⣬ɳһ󣬽Χס
˶ûж֣ѰԾֻҪҷһʯͷǾ˵ˡ
ɫûϵǿƣȻֱӷ˵
һӣʯͷһԣâɢȥٴعƽ
ţ
һߣͬʱӦÿһʯ̺ıȻһ¶һ˵ĸоͷ
ͬʱĿ⳯һʯͷȥʯͷԼһɼеɫҫڼ䣬ȥǲƺһʯ
ȻԽԽע⣬̺ʯͷҪۺܹʲôö̲Ĳϣ㻮㡣
ˢ
֣ǿɢʯͷڽ¡


123 ʥԶ
ɫâƣ˸һ˿͵ϢʯͷȥܲҲɸ۸ʯ֮һ
ʯɸʯ֮һ˸Ψһʯ׾ȻĻۣ
ʯ۳ļ۸ǧ裬ʵ̫ˣһ𡣡
ˣʯ̺ܶԷ
ٺ٣ҲһͷһʯǾͶ˵ˡж׻е콾ֻ
Χ˹ӨȻ͹⣬ʵִ磬кöô
˵׼гһʯЦЦȻǶʯʧܵķա
תϣЦִһгġ
˵ͬʱҲѾѡʯ
ͬѡһֵƵʯͷʯҲɸʯͷ֮һʯۼ۲࣬Ҫǧٽ衣
˻Ȼ⿰һģעȻû£˫ӳȥһˡ
˿ȣĹź׬ˣֻǾٰһζʯʢѣ׬㹻һάˡ
Ȼ˫ѾѡˣôεĶעʲôе
עؼģĻƵǶʯʢ䡣
ĿģȻֶʯôעִ
΢΢һЦ˵λǰ֣Ѱ뻯ôע̫СԵÿǰˣʥעɡ

㳡ཻܴɫâһһսҲࡣ
ϣһĺϢɢױȵ
Ʒʥұ񵶣óұɣ־ҵĶʻô
óұ񵶣һԣɫâҫܣƽ
˻ȻΪֹʯʢһζעóʥ
Ʒʥ۶ʣһ߶ʥս߼ɡ
ʥļֵѾˣҪԶģͱó֮ƥĶʡ
óƷʥ멺Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬˵׶ԼģԼȲʤ㣬Ҳʥע
멵Ŀ⣬Ծؿ
ֻЦһ仰û˵΢Ƭ̣漴¶һ˿ŹЦ⣺ãȻ˺ˬĳΪζʯһЩͷɡ
ˢ
һڹ˸Ѫζһʥó
һѾ޴ļǽ񣬲֪ʲôɣڹѪ֮
һ멻Ǵ󷽣óʥǾɽׯһʥ
˶ݣֺͼüͷһȻʥļֵʤұ񵶡
ͷšһЦƷʥĺɣרԪʿԪǾɽƵıҾʰɡ
ȻһóҲѪ
λʯ
ʶڳ֮кҿʯǿ˵ʾǿԶʯˡ

ЦЦƾճһ೤Сͨ˸⡣
ײûżʯ۲һʯַ
ÿһλѰʦʯַͬӵַһȥȻɣ˿õ̺ı
еСӶƬ̺ͣϸ۲죬˫ҰɫУϸš
õ侫׼һһɼʯֻг˴Сʯͷ޳κ
ɫ򶨣멶ͷѾһ˿˿飬ζս¹ش䲻
ַ֣ܿʦкδôҲջĿ⣬ʵ
ʯַ죬ַҼʶ̫ֱ治ҡͷЦ
ɫأַеġַ˱ѰѾˡ
ײδ˵ʲôַʵȷǿʯڣ俴ʲôܿ϶Ȼ䡣
׿Ƭ̣Ҳʼʯ
δκαֻƾһ˫ȥʯϸ۲һȻһеܴһʯ
ƷɣѸ٣һ߽гԼг֮һ󣬻δκ䡣
ѵʯ˶ˣֻЦ
㶮ʲôȭͷСͿԣ˶Ѱ֣ۣ
׶ΧܲʣʼΧʯ߶һ˫ͱóɫ
ʯģϸ۲˽һյʱ䣬Żٴгһʯ
䣡
Ȼڴ˿̣ܻȻ;֮
ԣɫأͷףһǿʯ


124 
ɫâһʯͷɫæںӡס
ɫ䣬һĿ⿴ȥ
ɫϲαȻ䣬Ӧһҩʯڣղؼա
ԽСģ飬һʯƤȻ䱻ӡסǳĹ⻪ȴԽԽʢɫâε۶ˡ
ʯȫһҩվϵزסļͰɫ
ҩסҩʧ͸ڣҩĿ˿
ҩǣңһ˫˫ȵĿȥ뿴һгεҩ
ģһЦһζ
һ«εİɫҶӣͨ뵵Ϣðɫ
⡭ѵҶɺ˲˵
ҶɺҶɺҶɺڻĹʱѾ漣콾Ŀޱȡ
ҶɺϡеĹҩÿһ᳤һƬҶӣҶɺҪ죬͵컻յãӳʿԪʿá
ҶɺӳԪʿ˰꣬޼֮䡣
ҶɺѾöҩǣձгҶɺ
һöҩʲôѵÿɹһҶɺ࣬ԴֲκһɶԶ޼۵ģ
⡭ˣҶɺӦǱζʯʢгҩֵǣɽƺ½̺ôĸӵһĹҩ
ɶܼʣǵ̫ˣҶɺгʵ̫졣
Ҷɺݸ멣ϵЦݣѰʦԣгһҩκҫڶʯʱ
СҶɺŽԼĴָУĮǸҲ¶Цݣ˵֣ζлˡ
Ц԰׵鶢ףҹɰ֪Сгʲô
˶ΪױذɣͷֶӮϣʵ̫Сˡ
ɸԣѵгҶɺ΢΢룬ʤԡ
ִ硣ġ
΢΢һЦ黹δһǲҪô½ۣҶԼġ
ҶԶЦֲˣһʯѣӮС¡
ҲЦӮС¡
˾Ӹ£ԸӵĿ⿴ףΪһʯɡ
Ҳ΢ЦλԣӮС£ҲϣȻһʤҲϣֲҪ黳
ߡ
Цÿɷ
ЦЦϸ۲ʯַһʯͷ
Цгһ̴һԳ̣˿Լ䡣
гҶɺڲ֮ˡ
׶նţϸϸʯʯϱϵ£˶Ѿκϣˡ
ʯȻֻСԾɿһʯ档
ˣʯһʯ˷ǧ裬ʧһʥ
մӥձӥۣǺ飬ԾһλѰǰ˺
Щ׳˷ͷýܴһ衣ڽ̽õʿЦ
ģ浹ùüһüͷһƵĿ⿴ȫģ˭˵ӱ
ֻ̫ˣʯѣӮбҪѹôҶֲ˵
ӮһСżʲôźˮɫ΢΢Щ԰ס
пʯҲķ˴һսûʲô£ɫֱú
֣㻹ҪôЦЦ
δȻҪ΢Ц˿Լ䡣
ⱾһʯСӣַڸٿʯ
ǰλῴˡЦ漴ʯ
Ц
멺ҶҲЦſ׳󣬲ֹǣ˶Ѿ¶ЦСʯͷȫ䣬ûˡ
ִ磡
ҧ´˫ֽգΪ״
һΣ׸ӵСֱıĵزÿһг˼á
˿òͷˣΪװǻƣʱѣͷֶζʯҪˡ
Ȼ
һгܽؽһ߽гһļµĺȻ
ֻһ˿ܵѾʼ㳡¶ȼ罵ͣƺ˲뺮ڡ


125 
͸ıӳڹ㳡ϣѩƮһ˪ϣѿһ϶Ӳˡ
㳡¶һ˲¡ʱڣ¶ˣһЩʿܲסˡ
˱ɫɫڵ̺˺εδ׹ѡ
̹ǵ˺ѼѾתһ¶ź;֮ɫ
ѾʣʯڱȻžֻһ˿Ϣܸı̫˼ͲͬѰˡ
ɲǼ䣬ױѩǣۿɼٶȱ֣һˡ
飡
ѱ㣬ٵ񣬷֣Ǻӡסһ֮޷
˻һȻ󲨣𾪡
׵սĿãס﾿жô˭Ҳ˵á
ͷֱɫ˼æֱֵ׵ĺϣһɹɾݹȥ
ȣ
״ȣɫѪأܱѸڻڷܲ˫ֲĳһţʼӡʯڵ
Ƿ֮׹עȫ÷ӡȷס
ǣ
ʯѣ̹ǵĺԽ£һѿѩƮƮɲǼѾһߺˡ
ε죿˶޷ӡ˵ĺ䣬Ҷܲסˡ콾е
ѵǾ䣿Ҹод̹ǵ⣬һϢϵǿߣɱҵȡ콾
Ŀתϸżʯ
Զɫһ仰û˵
λ˿ɫĿ£ȻҰɫ׹⳯ʯȥ
ҵ۾
Ȼ䣬ҽУ˫ѪᣬϢˡ
˸Ϊȣкҵǿ֣߳Ҳݣһλʥ֣Ӳѹȥ̹ǵıѩֹͣ
ģʲôô죿ҿˡ󺹣ԴԴϵľףԼ۵Ľѡ
ŷϴ״Ҳæ߹ȥͬһֵֻ׺󱳣ľ͸ס
Ĵ콾ʯֹͣѣʱӡʯڵ
ײҴ⣬Ѱһʯģǰ
˷û˸ҳ۾Ҫһķɡ
飡
ʯȫѣ׼ѵؽȡ֮÷ӡ
⡭ѵǣ
˿Ӵ
ĵһ͸壬ԼȭͷСڲıĿ
һ鷺ųѪɫıڹڣǵĹâô𺳣Ҳһͨľʯ
ȻѪʯڳ콾ɫ䣬еļλʥɫ䣬һģ
ѵѵѪôΣ콾
ѪǣѪѾʮ꣬ȻԳΪϡ֮һ
Ǳʥϡ棬ຮ֮ҵܶ࣬ѪȴǳϡУֻ˵һҲһ顣
Ѫ
ǹϣԶʱȴɱѪأǱѪմȾĶȫǴʥʥϡ
ϾȻѪǣҲѾʮ꣬ټϼֵɹѪԳ֮Ϊϡ
ԱĹ¹ҵĴʥѪɣؼµһʥǿߴ߶ܴСֲ֮
ƴѪ촫ʥȻѶȣ촫ʥȴǿԵģһΪǿͿֲĴʥǸĹҶ
ֱţ𣿾ȻгѪ׵ֱ̫ˡ
˵ã˵Ѱǿں飬ҶɺȻΪҩ޷Ѫȣ̫ˣûñȡ
멺Ҷɫ¶̰ɫϾѪǣ˭Ҫ
ǰӡҵΪ㣬޷ӡѪǡԸ߿պ
ǼλҵĴʥҲޱȣѪǰԴ촫ʥˣô˫۾ţˡ
컯ģʥһ̾Ϣ쾫ٲк£ǴϣʩչѪǷӡ
òôȻѪǶߣҵͳ׳ˣΪٰ췽гȥȻЦ󷽣ΪЦ
лǰ
ʥḷ̌׽ʩչ£ڳ׷ӡסѪǡ


126 ʥ
͸ĹڣѪԵ˶ˣʿһƴѪ֮ս
ʥ࣬ܶһʥһɵĴǾзǷģѪĴʥȻþˣһʥᲢۡ
ŰɣŪˡĿ£Ѫ͸
һЦ׵˼
رȻ˵죬һ뿪зƱػǿɱ
ǼͲͬˣǼҵӣ˻Ĺż壬Ѱʿĸҵ
гǿ߳ҲãΪбȻмҵǿ߱ѪǱһʧڱķա
ЦЦеѪǣȻݵطŽԼĴָڡ
ЦģҲرˣ֪ǲ˻᣿
ΪӣǻĹżǿ߸ҳ֣ȻҲΪ
ⲻܣһδɵСôӮǿѰʦǼģǼٵġ
ʱλгҶɺͻȻһĽͷɢѪᣬ׼ȵŤԵ÷ǳֲ
һħһײײɸش˳ȥ˲䲻֪ȥ
УװʲôǰˣһʧܵĴܲסƲ죬ǲм
һ뿪ԽʧܵĽλ콾ڰпϧͬʱһĿ⿴멡
λɽׯׯʱɫ࣬ɫĿ£һ仰˵
ԭΪʤȯգղžسףͷŷԼһʿһԲϾ飬ҲҪƺһˡ
Ҷһ΢˫ۣܸӣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣʵ̫ˡ
֣һ͸ˣ΢Ц죬ɫ멡
ֶֹΣĳΣ멲̧ͷͳĿޱȡ
ˢ
ͷһɳǰһߴ
ĪҪ۸ĳ֮һֵ̺ľҼʹʥһ֮䣬ʥٴλصˡ
Ŀһ˿ԹĮ˵ˡ
ٻһĨȥԼӡǣȻ½ס
Ŀ֮£멲ˣУƷʥѾˡ
ټĳұԼ޼Ѫǣڿһα⡣
ʥ촫ʥѪǣһĴɵ̶ûô
ŷʦֶʥұ͸ˣṵ̂īһ͸ŷϴ
ŷϴһ˸Ų˼֮ɫʦ壬Ʒʥ͸ˣ
ֹŷϴţڳ˶׻ͷʥȻˣ
ʧЦŷʦֶϾǽ𽣶ʥӣҲгֵıҼȻΪʦ壬͸һСҲ㲻ʲôѵҪܾҵĺ⣿
лʦ塣ŷϴϲΡΡӹһ
ţ׵ĿѾ˺ܴĲͬ
֪״ľ֮ģȻСʦߵúܽǶʻգΪɱĳˡ
Щ׵ദŷϴжԹԽԽ٣һ˿
¹䣬ҿύѶǼ񣬷Ķ콾ŷϴȻط֣֪У׵ľѾˡ
Ȼǽ𽣶ʥӣҲзǷĳɾͣɷϣδʮ󣬼ʹٷҲ׵Ķ֣Զǡ
͸һŷϴжͬʱһ˿ԹҲɢڡ
Թʿңұعʿ֮
ŷϴжһ˿Լ첻֮ģͬʱеִͼ
ϲվʦ壬ǿŷϴҲǶصĺӣ÷±ܷ£ףʦͷϣһ
ŷϴħɢȥһõΪɶͷ¶һ˿Цݣ٣ǷԷθϡ
лʦ񰮡лס
̹ȻܣźǺЦһʥѣŷʦֶˣһӮģͳȥҲۡ
멵ɫѿһƷʥװˣɽׯҴҵҲ̲סѪ׵ĿޱȵԹޡ
ŷϴЦӭ濴ȥֵһУպǾúˣҡ
ߣ
ߣһâɨȥҲǰɸĸˣһſɸ뿪˴˵ء
ֶֺΣˡҶؿ˼ۣƽ˫˸űŰѪ֮ȻҲ뿪ɸ
ģŻ˭ء


127 ֿ
згѪǵԼٶȴ𾪡
촫ʥϣֵðƴСѪǼϡϣܴʥ
ʥ̲ſеĵ̣һɶûУڽ𽣶ûʥ׺ŷϴ
ʹ첻ʥɴʥҲ𾪵´ʥһҲô࣬ĸܶһʥܼĵ̣ӳС

׶ʯӮ֮󣬼׼ɸȥ䲻ȴ˽סˡ
һɫۣòƽƽ΢Цסǡ
ţ
˻ף㶼һ
òϢֱ̫ƽˣͲһλʿһλˡ
۽Ƕ΢΢һҴ⣬Ϊصڵĵӡ
λôЦЦò
ǺǣǻԣղſѰĽԲð߶šЦЦȻ뼸Զ
ֿˡ
ͷֶһüͷΪǶû˵֣ĹǣһǶУΨڵӵϣȴһƬհס
ԽԽǽ
ڴоԶɱ벽ĹңôԶȥˣ֪ǵĵжôˡ
ǻЦ棬ҲԼ˵żӺͷ֣ܽʶλʵ¡
Զŷϴʶλ𽣶ʥӲ֮У۽ǵⶼǷ
ǰգŷϴȻ죬ħѾ⿪ؿֻȻһЦûжʲô
ҲŰµѾ㲻ʲôˡ
ֵܿˡϸһЦôҲ֪Ѱ߳ǻȥɸٺһأʯˡ
ǻЦݣ΢ɫ֣ѪǣΣ
໹δߵʿʱפ㣬͵ںĸߵھȻҪѪǣǵҪʲôѵҪɣ
Ѫ˾䣬ҪѪǣȼ۽ϻпܡ
˶ڵ׵ķӦʾãΪϵصĴô
΢΢һЦǳĿ˵ʵڱǸĳ
ǻԺЦ֮У˵ַģһԵȼ۵һѪǣԸܸߵļ۸ʵ֣ѪǶҽ̶ԷǳҪ
ģѪǶһɶҪͿԴ촫ʥϣ˭Ҫ
СֵܣѪǣҲԿǣҲ򡣡
ǻԻδ䣬ͻȻԳһӰϢޱȵǿȻɲǼ˿µҲһĿⶼܾη
һλʥǻĹźҵǿߣҲʾãҪѪǡ
ĹźҺͬʱĺ䶯˿ڸղŵĶʯϣִôֲźá
ǻԿһλʥԶɫ΢䣬Ҳδ̫⣬Ȼǲô»Ĺźҡ
һĻһ⣬ѵĿһΪĹң
һֲ̫ܣΪĹǶô䶯飬ô
λǰа·ٵѯʵ֡ǻƽĿģκε
ѪǺεȵѵֻѯʣͲǺѯôû
ҵʥЦǻԲ̲̬Ȳ⣬ôԪʿôҲһСһʶ
ȻСһ쳣ĿֲѾ׵һϸµˡ
ǻޱ飬һ仰û˵
׼Цֵ̯ǰ֣ʧˣҵȷѪǣǽ𽣶̫ˣҲΪһʥ
ðƷʥѪǡҵǿЦЦ˵
ǺǣѪǾ䣬ĳԸðƷĴʥǻһЦߵļ۸
Χֵʿδ̫ȣΪȻ顣
ǻĹźһڣɵĵֻ̣ҪõѪǱȻʥǿļ۸㹫
ҡͷЦĳΪɾһλҲżڶʯʢ֮ǻôʱĳὫѪ
˶ζˣΪɾʮ̰ĹΪѪ̫ˣõɶʱһõļǮ
ǻԱȭ΢Цˣĳϵˡ
ǺǡʥһЦҲˡ
Ŀ뿪ƷĴʥѪǣδԼɵ˰ɡ
Ѿ⣬Ѫǿֻ̣޾Ǵʥôʥɲ
ЩѪǿʥһʥⲢԿ


128 ɸ
СӣҲ̫˰ɣƷĴʥ㻹뻻һʥɣ
ͨɸ·ϣƲ˵
ΪʲôУǼѪȫʥôʥһԿ
̫ˣʵ̫ˡҡͷҷм̵Ǳʣڷ˽羭̣϶ҲһѺ֡

׿ˡ
СӣɴѪ͸ҰɣǼȫʥʱʥһǣһڽ𽣶죬Σ
ǿ׳һż񣬺ߵǵĳôȻǵĽ񣬿ɵĳɲôΪһôˣȻҪҪìܣǽ𽣶ʵֲǵĶ֣ʱԿĻǡ
Ҳԡ
룬ͷϿɣЩΨͼͷǻἫпܲˡ
ѪҪôҲˣҪôôʥ
һ͸㣬̣

˵䣬˿ɸһ㣬ɸ죡
ڰɸûж̫ʱ䣬ΪʯѾѡˣ֮⣬ѰʦɸıϷֵĸɸɾ
ɸ죬ͷϷһѰȫ㼯ˣҪһʤ
ͬһƬ㳡ȴö࣬ݺ޾ʯڷţÿһʯļ۸񶼹ˣһʯʵûС
ҿ۸̫˰ɡһ鲻ϴСɫʯôСʯͷȻǧ裬Ǯ˰ɡ
ʯļλǿɫͬʱһڣ˵Ǽûз
ɸۼһǧˣ׵˵ĵ˾Ŀ⡣
µ˭С׵ѰгѪϵѰʦ۹Ҳ
׵ĵҲѰʦɫ˶ʩչء
ʯϢˣһѰʦҹˣΨһȥֻһʯ
ԶһһˣϺеķΣ˾ҲУڼλ׷ԲԵ
ϺҵļλѰʦһʱ䷢ףһ˫˫Ŀ⿴Ľ䱸֮ɫ
̫ˣѰ޽ӽѰʦͷǹϺҺɽٲȻΪһʯʢҫ۵ǡ
֣áһϮ£ϼƣһ㣬ʿˡ

㡣׺׷״к
˫۾貣תΣ΢ЦղζʯȫʤгѪǣǿϲɺء
ˣǰǰѰ㲻ʲô
ЦѰ㲻ʲôôڳѰʦԾˡ
˻һѾ˺ܶѰʦɽҵļλѰʦһȴûзĻ
׵Ѱȷ˫óȻ˵ֻԼ
ɽԭѰ壬յķͷȴһѹʵӡ
Ѿ뿪ɸû裬Ѿŭգڴ˵ֻװ˿Ц
ֲ׼ôʯмڴ
֮ǰ״չһ棬ϣĿ˶ʯķɣְȺ۵ĳ϶ǳ׳۰ɡ

ŵŵţ
һѹֵĽŲһഫǹѹֵϢأѰʦɫ䡣
һѰʦеϢ˸оˣһʿûиоѰʿԣѹƺƵɽһ㡣
һС˲һͷ貵˾沿٣ϲ˫ۣȻһ۵Ĺˡ
ݷǳ㤣һЩŮʿ죬Լ㤵
ߣɫ䣬æܹȥ˵үүôˡ
߲ûΥҵĹ涨Ϊߣڰѣ粻һżô޵ѾԶˡ
ȻλߵѰ裬Ѿﵽ۷壬һλʵѰʦ
ȻϺҵ棬һλѰʦˣλϹ־Ȼˡ
ʯʢѵһĴ棬λѰʦҲΪ档
ɱ˼ҳɽĻд˵ѰʦĻ·ѰʦκѰʦвˡ
Ҳδأһ˻֮⡣˵
˵ף
Ѿ޽ӽѰʦﻹһ濹⣬Ȼɡ


129 
ĳ֣״еľ棬ѰʦѾȻ֪̾ʯʢѾ޹ˡ
ȻвǿѰʦȻԸһԣǸȦĸ֣Ȼкܼɵ棬ҲԸðѡʯ
˰Ŀ⿴ףһŽһʲô顣
ױɫƽʵҲ𺳲ѣѰΪɵ
ԭŹҲѰʦȻϹʦʵҲܱ̬ˣָѰ裬۷塣
˻ʲôȴĿ£һȥ֩һ鲼㳡Ȼʸһʯϡ
ɵֶΣһԸıʯϢÿһʯͷøӸӣΨѰʦԼܿһ
һнľģţ˲ţȻܶʿɱѰϣԿ԰Ⱥۣ¡
үүôҲˣ岻ΪβڼϢԲ档
ߺ簮ؿһ΢ЦѰʦ֣̲סϲ뿴һλſ˵ã
滰ָ˶ףܱλϿɵѰʦ۴˵أҲΨһˡ
СӣͷָٺһЦԶġ
ɫδ䣬ȴɻ󣬰˵ѰʦڶʯʢŶԣΪƻϷ
ѰʦֵĵطĻѰѰʦĻ·
ֻǺҵƶ涨ֻҪԪʿзȴûй涨Ѱʦ˵أ׼ֹǿѰʦɨȫ
׽ӮʯսѰʵõͬΪɨԲ档
ɺܾﲻԾƺһЩ
δ۲쵽ּʱԳһŵĿ⸴ӵؿһ
һԣҲûͷصķչ
ȻѾ֪ճ֣Ϊ

ɫһ䣬Ц΢΢ЩȻ˵үү̫ῪЦʲôѰʦҲûλѰʦֵ
ζһЦǺǵɲҪСˣλСѵѰͲϷ
ϵָǰһָȻڵķ
ȻΪٴγɽģʿѰʦѾ˷ˡ
ΪǼԤеһĶʯ֮սУʮǿĶʯս
滹ǳģֲ̫ˣһѰʦųɽˡ
׷ӵͷˣѰȻֹûпѰʦżǵһ㣬̫ˡ
ٺ٣Ϸʼˡ
ЩУɽ;ɽׯˣȻǶ뿪˵أʿڣͲÿ׳
СѣϷѾ겻ʯˣúܣɷϷ棬һʯս
֣κ˲ΡΡվȴһƿصȡ
ս͵׵ĻӦˡ
˵ԤϣײսؾһϿʵǫЦǰֻսʵ㲣Ѿսˡ

ܻȻ׾ܾԾ
ĻУֻ㲣ȴ˵ԼĶ֡
Ҳ˵һսֻ̫ƣ˶ѡ
Դ
Ѱʦ¶Ц
εѰʦ̳Ѱ˶ʦһǫдǶûУֱ̫ˡ
겻ĶʯսΪֵ㲶Щʧۣ̫֮ϧˣĳԸһö裬԰ֵѸٻָ񡣡
ͻȻһԽ֪Ӻδ˽һʱɫ䣬ɫȻ
ŵŵţ
һȽĽŲԶɸĸһ޳Ӱȥ
һϮ£񣬺ڷ٣Цݣ׿ȺĹӸ硣
˳ԾǣԴֳһ⻷֣
ǡǻĹźҵδļǱչôȻˣΪﵽµھ쾳磬ǰ벽Ԫˡ
й⻷֣һ˿΢ЦǴӣô޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
ĿⴿϵϢº֮ͣ磬ǹϹȻֶЦЦ΢ЦĿ⿴ס


130 ǿʯս
ӢüĿ˫żо˸º͵ЦݣֱŮеˡ
ף΢ЦҸճؾֵֵֽзķзҺúĳؼʱ޷ʶˡ
콾ѾеԾˣ׵츳ѰֶΣύ޸֮⣬Ǻġ
ͨս־ʯս׵Ѿ̸һ콾ʱ޿ɱҪˡ
̫ˡ΢΢һЦ̲
֪ôģʼվúƱôǫͣɾʱѾã׵ľޱȵǿ仹һ˫Ѱۣܿ
úº͵Ϣϣһޱа飬ıԴĿºͱŰκһλаߣֱħ䡣
ֻǺصĺܺãԼɾҲѸܳʹˣҲֻ΢Ĳϵһ˿аϢޣɲ顣
΢ЦѰѹھȺۣѵ治಼ǰһʯս
׿ػؾκˣʵ
ЦЦǺǵⲻ£һŵ裬䲻ʲôöҲйҩĳɷ֣˲佫ֵľ񲹳䵽Բ
һ٣һЦݽ覣˵˾ʵĶսĳʵڲϣܸĳһݱ棬ҲòȺʧ
ֵѣʹӦɡ
ֵܣǰǸˣ㼴ʹҲ˾ʵĶʯսʵڲԸ
СѲҪôʧ
Увø﷢
ĸӲҰԴðģ͹˵ΪԼڹô
üͷһȻҲ뿴ʯս˰ս𣬶ʱðɡ
ӹ̫ܵˣԸø˵Σ׾ҲӦս
СѵôȻûһǿߵ̬֮Ϊһ콾
Ǻǡ
ɫ䣬Ц۾΢΢ƽȻв侫ĵ裬ĳͶлˡ
Цһöɫһ͵͵ǰϵ˵ܿⳡսĳҪл֡
ײɵжһȥڼȫʲʯĵľ˲䲹ࡣ
˵ܴӺͳĵ裬Ȼ
䣡
ҩЧ㣬һ˿˿ɫѪޱȵǿȣ콾ѡ
굤裬۽ǲԾس鴤һ¡
̺ж󣬶׾Ȼ˲Ϣ̲ص֮ǿ󣬿ɼһߡ
಼ЦǺǵСѾȻϣôһսɴӦô
΢ЦȻǰԼսϣһսСٲ֪Ȥɷ˷羰
á
಼´Цӣղһнľģͬȫž죬Ҳڱ仯̼侹Ȼһλģ
ʹ಼ѰʦݣʱҲҪóȫʵϧķѾѪָ׳ʱģ֮ȫһս
ģв¶һ˿˺Ͳᡣ
಼Ѿǳĺ֮꣬޶ԪˣǱ̬ӵģְܼ꣬ȻȴΪ˽һսϧķѾѪػģ
ӳĺ֮ģҪķ಼¶ʮԪϧΪζʯλѰʦѾںˡ
ȻǶսǰ֮ľԾεĶעʲô׵Ĵʵ
ȻǶսҪжעȤˡ
ײ˵£ǼںǼӣҲﺫؾʵ
ǺǣǺãǰֵĶսĶעǺҴˡ΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣ӵϺĲƸ׼ʲôעأ
һʥɺãȥȫ𾪣͡
ʥע˵εĶʯʢ䣬εĶʯʢҲֹһģȻһôʥע
ʥɵ֮һЩʥʹЩҲûмʥΨлĹҲĵÿԴʥע
ĻشС㻹ǰ䰡
ȻҪ棬ĴһЩ΢Ц۽ǵĿһ˿ӡ
֣Ҳ޴ʥĶע̫ˣѪǵע㿴Σ۽΢΢ʾ⼧Ѫó


131 ǿһս
ѪǣǰںͺҶҪײûȥóעǲν
һģǴʥѪǶǸɴͷҪı
СӣˣһʥôҲõóҲôʥԶġ
ˣǿѪǣʥ֮עʵ̫ðˡ
ԷһѰʦҲ޷Ȼ֮ԶĵĿѰʦ˶档
಼µѰжôֲ˴ⲻܣֻղƬ̾мλǿѰʦг˷ʯ֪Ŀ֮Ѿﵽ۷ĵزĪ⡣
ЦݣԼҪôʥԶĲÿɷҲûгԷԡ
ء
ЦŰ֣ȻֺǰӣǼҵĴʥעѪǼȻҶӮģʹҲۡ
ǡ
ض˵״ϼĻ
ѾҲ֪ԼֵԼļ֣ҲǿһЦţǻأпܻӮһʥ
Ц׸ֳһ˿Цݣ־ѪΪע
׵ͷ
ǺãǺĳΪǰĶעĳֿһۡ
ˢ
ͷͻȻâǣɫ֣һµѹ㳡ȻѾʥԴϢйһ˿ϢҲ˺ʿļը
Һô˵ز̫ʿƾһйѹʿѣ
۾뿴һʥΪ

ͷ˵ĽһѱΧ⣬Ȼ߶ȴҲпֲϢ
мʶʿһ۾ϳʥ
ʥ࣬ඥ̶мأİ
һһ˱ɣÿһʥ𣬻Ľɡ̫֮ɡԪɣǿߺ϶ΪһΪʥ
һʥһ߶СģܻûǧɴűɽܣΪ̵֮ѹʥ
ȻҪ߶Ҫķѵǳĺ󣬼ʹھ쾳磬Ҳܴ߶
еķâҪʥϵʿǿã볹׼ʥܣҪȰ벽ʥľǿ߲ſԡ
ӴȻ಼»ģʥҲó۾͸һ˿档
ü֣ҪȫԸˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦǰʯȫѪҲرˣֱ͸ָá
ͷϵϢԽأƺԼһ˿ʥޱȵǿڳʿ˺ҵʥ֮⣬һĶ֡
ЦҵȷǰģҲֵʵһսνʤϡ
óʱ˶ͣѡʯ־ŶսʽʼλصѰҲˣֻǾصһս
׵ʾϣѪͷʹӡסҲܿѪǳޣƺй⻪Ѫһ㣬Ī⡣
ǰ룡
˵״㳡룬һ˿Խӣʸÿһʯͷϡ
ȻһƬŰɫһԶƺƵޱ޼ʣ˲û׽µ硣
ͬʱɫ˷Ϯ飬ĸһ㣬ֳһʿҲܿõ
ڷ⣬ʲôһƬƬص磬һ㡣ʿ
ɫϮ޾壬Ų²ɫӽ밵ɫײһ
䣡
оȻ֮콾ʲôΪһ˲䱬󣬶еѰʦѾɫ䣬־ؿǰһĻ
һλܴѰʦ£ƣǿҲ۳ƻʵʣ˵ѰȻԽҵ̫ˡ
˲Ծ಼ƣ𾪵׾Ȼŷ·磬ȻҲɫƣ಼²£飬żֻƬ̶ѣ׶ͷѾĺ顣
ѰҪķѼľܳΪѰʦҪǿҪɾű˲֪ĵƣҲóȻ಼¶Զġ
Զ಼ɫ΢䣬ûϵҲ۳ƣһǽɫģһеµϢ
η
಼°̾һǰ˼ɫ羹ȻһŴ󣬽ס


132 
ɫһߣһŻװΧ
һƾٶȿķ˼ޱߵӿ֮УṩŴС
ѰһŶݼףó󷨣಼²ɫգγһƬ
Щɱ֮Ȼȴܽ׳׸޷ȥѡʯ
಼¹Ȼһ󣬻ۣ棬ҲҪյʱ󡣡ɫأ
üͷһ壬езǽֹ֮սô಼סô˵
һλѰʦЦѰʦʯʿɵķΧ֮ڣһʯֻܳʱѰʦסԷ㷸棬ˡ
ⲻ档Ѱʦ˵
ġ㬵ذһİɫɣ׳׸Ӱ׿ˡ
ˢ
һ콾˫â͸ȥأȴסǵߡ
ݴУŴɣϸֳһ˿Цݡ
˵Ѱ಼߲£Ȼ֮ȴԶʤλѰʦ
ڱ˶ԻܾҪܾõʱ󣬵УСӵİϷûʲôͬ
ΪϹʦУĲѰ󷨡
Ϲʦ𴫳иһ¡˵Ϲʱ󷨰壬̺ǧ󷨵УԼβ
֮֮ɣص֮ں֮ɶס
׵֮ûزȻƳȴҲǴ´ࡣ
ѰɲǼҵһֱָ󷨵Ŧġ
䣡
ɫը֮һֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͱƳˡ
ʲô
˼飬⻹ôƿ󷨵ô񣿡
Ž治ȴ޷
಼Сףʱûϵôֲ
콾󾪣ٶʵ̫ˣûи˷Ӧʱ䣬ʹ𣬳ɢ
ֹ𾪣Զ಼¸𾪵Ըӣֳޱصı顣
ˣлҪٱǧ
С̫Եˣʲôƨ󣬻䱻ƿˡ
ϵȻ֮ɫһţЦ󿰳Ʋֶֻ̫֮ͨˣѾԽ಼ˡ
ɫȻ޾֮ɫǸʹѾŤתʼղɫʾһλĹķȺǡ
Ƚ֮¼ۺֻܶ࣬ǳǸ̫˲˳Ϊѣ׻ϲ顣
ǰҲˡƿ΢ЦһͻȻ½ɫ籩ǣԲ˼ٶȳ಼¡
޾۶һѾ߹ģҪס಼¡
ؼʱ಼չֳһλѰʦľʵ
°ɫɫʼ޷
Ƭ̣Ϸס಼£ǰȥʼѡʯ
಼³ĬƬ̣ҲֻˣѰԷԼ֮ԶʤԼΨһİ취һʤöʯӮ
ɸʯȫֵأʯâҫʮԶʯһ㡣
಼ּѰʦʯײ˿⣬Ѱת£ϸʯϢ
ͬʱɫӽʸÿһʯͷϣҲԻ಼¡
ɫͽɫ໥ӳյĹ㳡ͨޱȣʿýζΨһȺѰʦȫǿɬѰǶԣ񼣡
಼µ̫ǿˣѾ谭ҵжϣѰʦȻ
һߣһѡʯߵ㳡ͷҲûѡвٲ
ˣ಼ǡ
׵Ҳ಼ܲͬ£λѰʦĿ¶ޱ֮ɫϸѡʯȴû
ÿһʯͷʯһ㣬ѱ棬âҫ۵ľһʯҲں
һʱ˽֣ʹ಼ѰʦʵҲѡʯ
ɫƽѰۣ΢΢۾ȥӦ
оԼͻƵļ󣬾ǰĶʯսѰʦ۷ԾƺϾҪżΪһѰʦ
䣡
޹׶ýѰΪһ壬ǳ֮ӦʯϢ
Ѱ׽ϣҲֻܰõѰޱȣȻҲһŽɵķţвͻɣ̼
ûа취İ취ˣʵ಼µĶ֡
Ѱһʱȫɫâվɫâ˫ÿһаɳ


133 ѡʯ
â˫۷ɳƥһ㣬ӿлǻգĹâ
׽ʵ۷壬ýɷţǿнѰۺһʱӳѰʦʵ
âɹɫ飬ÿһʯָϢƥԽԽ಼²µҲ
ߣ
಼ߣȻһٴη仯ȫ죬̼Ϊһڷܲģ
үүݣе
û˱˽಼ڵ״̬λǿѪԼָʱ۷״̬
ȼ˾ѪԪٴμʮ꣬λԪ಻һꡣ
಼»ͷȥ¶һ˿Ȼ΢Цû˵ʲô
һսǱƵģսزҲʱ飬ȫԸһĺġ
ҵĻᲢ಼࣬¾ĶȫһսʹҲֵã
ȼվѪָʱ״̬ѰԽǿ󣬽°ɫҲԽԽֵס׵һ
ͬʱ
಼´˿Ҳ۾
˲ĿУһԶͷϳ֣ǿҵİɫâ
ۣѰʦɫ䣬мλѰʦǾһƨڵϣг
üۣΨдɵѰʦģĿһһۿȥܴ͸ؿռ䣬ֱ˰
಼ԭûֶΣǿȼվѪԪĴۿüۣҪһۡͬΪѰʦú׼һڵࡣ
߷˵һսѣôƴôԼģ˱Դȥʯͷôġ
˼ԵͲŵû˭ϧ಼»֮
һ˫⣬Զһƽĺȥڱô
ɣѾսز಼ԼҲһսɡҡͷ̾Ϣ

ü۳಼֣ѸŤתľ棬ʼȫ淴
˶Ϊ׻ǱϾüۣѰʦ
ȻĽ˳Ԥϡ
˫ƥδа˵ļüİɫײһγƾ̬֮
ˢ
Ƭ̣˶ĬջĿ⣬ûûˣ֪޷κζԷֻܰͰ࣬ѡʯˡ
಼µüȥ˫ؿһף̾ϢһһգΪŹΰѰʦ
ǰˡЦЦ˶ûеʯָԭ̬Ϣ
ʼѡʯˣʤֳֹѰʦţܶս콾ҲĿתһĺġ
ѡʯܽż಼֣¸ǽЩˣÿһʯͷҪ۲á
ͻȻ䣬״ǰٶޱȣû಼κηӦʱ䣬һʯϡ
ʯɸߣͨ尵ɫԼа쵵Ĺһţ忴ȥԵúܹӣһַǳϵĸоبžʹڵһʯһ㡣
𾪣಼¸ǳһ
׾ȻôѡʯͷҲ̫çײˣ뻯Ѱȣֱһé®ĺ
Сӣ㲻Ҫʱ仹úءһԴУʾ侲һЩ
ֲֳ³ç֮ˣȻѾѡʯ˵ȫİա
ʯֱ£ʲôʤİգҹСˡ
˵һܵԱߣЦڿʼʯôһǺε

΢΢һЦһ˫ʯϲɢɫâϸ۲о
ǰɣ㵽ڲſʼоһһʯô죿Ű۽е
ͣε졣
Сһ䣬ı죬ⳡսϵ̫ˣҪСĽ
ִ磬а𣿡Сʵ
Ϊصġ׳СѾͷһЦȻڰ֣뿪˵ء
СӸʲôáһ
䣡
ʱ಼Ҳѡʯɹְһʯʱʯʯҫһѵɹ⣬֮
ʲô
ô£һʯ֮浽̺ʲô
ǧһϼ಼¶ڣԳϲ֮ɫ˵ϷҲѡˡ
಼ѡʯȻҪʤףʯϼʮɣǼ۸ʯѾ겻˸Ҷʯͷ
಼£ҲҪľʮԪϧʩչüŸʯ
ϵױ䡣
಼²ΪѰʦȻͬ죬ܷ֮ʯһǵһ˵
̺
˷˶ףͷҲܵǡ
һƽ˾ûһ˿ǣΪףԼİ֮˻䡣


134 
Ϲ˸ǿʯϵĹâԽҫۣ㳡¶΢Ц΢΢һͷȻĿ⿴ףƽһĨؼ
۷׷ףȫ¶ɫΪ಼½гĲֵᳬѪǡ
үүôԪһսֵôȻ֪ҲɼһƾеĶ֣Ҳ˷ܰɡ
ĬĬվһԣ˫ɬ಼Ͽϲ֮ɫĬĬ̾Ϣһ
Ŀûп򺫸ΪҿӣΪʵ̫ˣúԼĺ⡣
ɵ෴Ⱦ˶಼µĻʹ߾Ǻ
ҲΨλʸ಼³ɽλѰʦԸԪⳡս
㻹ûб䣬Ķŵ»ôĳʹҽ޷һҲ޸ġ
ս˫ȭĬĬ˵

ۼ䣬಼»ָƽɫжһСҪ׼ʯ
ڿԿ϶ʯڲвֵҪԶѪǣûⳡսѾӮˡ
಼һ߳Ķ̵ĿⲻԾ׿ȥ
ɫƽδ߿һۣϸ۲ѡеʯͷʱ΢üͷԵúܽ
һ񣬾һЩҲǺõģϣʧܲĲġ಼¶һ˿Цݣת׼ʯ
ֺܿ죬Саɫ縡֣һӣеһ߽ϡ
಼ӵüٴγ֣¸ֳɫ磬ٶޱȡ
ֻƬ̼䣬ʮɸߵʯֻһ˴СˣӵٶҲ࣬ǹ۲òŻӳһ
ʯԽԽСɫȴԽʢѾ಼֣һɾƴʯɢԼһ˿׽͸Ϣ
Ѳɡʯﲻɣ
ʵϣںԶѰʦгеǱӡܾõǿߣҲֵȫһͬǱǿƥħһǿ
Ҫ಼гһǿƥĻǾˣֵҪѪҪöࡣ
ףֱڻڹ۲죬ͷ˺飬ûʯ
ѾԶ׼ˣ׹ѡһʯҪˡ
٣಼ºսһԳΪǱѰʦˡ
漣վֻ漣ûз̡
δأ
ִʱȴȻ˵
һæʵǲСӻӮϣ
ֽüͷҡͷǷתΪʤҲ֪ǿʯͷȷ棬俴ʲôڤڤ֮оǾһʯ
ϻվǻ̺һЩģ಼ֻôϹ죬֮˵ѡʯںв
Ǿɡһ˵

ˢ
Զ಼ٴλӳһһʯһΪһƴͻȻͬʱһȻеϢϢϯء
ͬʱ
һâʯڷɳٶȿķ˼ɲǼѾɵɸıԵشƿնȥ
ץסӣ
಼üһâӾ𣬴ȵһѪһҡΣɲǼһλ̬ӵߣģڡ
үүʧɫӰһ಼ߣæס
䣡
һֻƾճ֣ɢϢһʥ֣ץǵâ
ǰ̽ȥһɽâס
â𣬾ȻӲʥһ
䣡
ɫâǣֱֻþҡΣվһλʥ»ѹ£ּ佫âץס
ؼ䣬һֵҰϢͬʱϢ
𣡡
âϷһŭɫâǾѳֻֻ֣߳âȴƣӲʥһ
λڰеʥﲻ벽ʥҲԶ
һޱϹɢһ߳С
⡭
Ӿһ˹ģŵؿǰһĻ
಼г˻һһ찡ô
˼飬ֱ˼鰡
һ񼣣ȻһһС̬ι
ֻӴϣһ߳ŭȻСܷɽˡ
һ꣬ϸ棬βۼס
˼ȴ䲻˵ȴҲԶһɳɨǣҲܿʥʿ


135 
ԣ֮Ҳ
ŹΪǿ֮һƬĺҲǿסҶԸǡ
޴ϣСŭ𣬷ХҵĤ顣
⻹С̬˿ֲһɳԾ绽ܡ
ʯгС˹㳡ˣݣ¶ϲɫ
ڰеʥջش֣ͬʱҲСߣͷСѾںˣι󣬱Ϊҵĵ֮һ
ģûôҲʯͷгүǵһ˵ͬ𾪣漴㬵ذһ
һͷļֵɹѪǻҪкҵעͷΪֲǿߣԤϱضܳΪʥ
ݵ𾪺ְĿ⿴׼ʯס
ֻʯôѵбĶɣˡ˼㳡
Сˡ
仹ƵϹ䣬翹ʹҲʰ˰øЦ
ҧгݣȵӱ죬Ҷ÷̽ǡ
мȻû˵ˣܶ¶Ц׻ܾط
ѵгָ̫СˣԺԲơ
Զ¶ɬҲӮүүѰ˫ʹô죬Ҳгˡ
෴
ɫƽڽʯȫϣ˲ͷϵĺ飬Ȼ־һ
һ߽ϱʲôûС
½ɫֻ֣ͫױɳɫַϵػӶֱʯ
ùĸо
ʯͷֻг˴СȴٳˣΪһ־㤵ĸоͻأشƺ
Դʯڣ
ȷϺƽɫ䣬·ʯһһǿ󵽲˼
֣ôˣֿ׵ı飬סʵ
û¡׽üͷѰõ£Ȼһг
һǳʯĶȥѾ˺ѽʯ
䣡
Ȼʱһɾɱʯӿϯأޱ޼ʣǳĿֲͿ¡
ˢ
׼ĺܿ죬Ųӡ˲䵹˼ʮԶ
ô£ôһսɱ˵ǿҵȶ־塣
һϢ࣬Ҳ࣬ޱȵǿѵħɣ콾ȥþ֪ʯȴһѪɫ
ˣ㳡ϵɱԽŨأȫʯɢѹ֣Ǧѹ˾㤺Ϳ־塣
СϢҪ£浽ʲôҵȶǶ֡
ɫ粻վڼԶǿʯһϢѹԺĹ⻷Ȼһɫ˼
Ķ̫£ҲδǶ֡
಼ɫأĲվüۿһ˹
һڣһھѪɫήҺܶࡣ
үү
˺󣡽д֮Ҫֲ̫ˡ಼¶֮ɫʾ˺
಼¶ô˵ˣ֪Ķεȿֲ콾ˣвѾ뿪˵أꡣ
콾뿴һʯڵʲô
Уʥ֣㶼ɫһʱֵģ
䣡
ǹɱֱԽĿɣͬʱʯҲʯм䡣
꣡
ʯѿӿɱֱ˱úˣһӰʯڷɳһǣɸ档
ȣ
ʥͬʱֻ֣ͬʱѹȵʥϢѹסޱߵɱ⡣
䣡
âڿסȫ׽ѰõҲǿһ
𣡡
ŭ𣬻һɫ磬ɽХƵĳѹ˱ɫޱߵɱռ䶼ѿˡ
һбʥһŭ˺գתʧӰ١
ҿôͣǼҵնҲ᣿⵽ʲôﰡԾղ׺˺յֶΣǼҵն
֮⣬м˿һޱȵǿλʥֶû赲סױܿǵĹԶݶȥ
Կ϶ǣ࣬ǹսϢûһ˿ϢҲһԶһ㡣
Сӣ㻹гһԱҪöడȻ𾪣ԷѾԶȥˣû׷Ϊλն
Ҫ£ȷԶݶȥСҪ


136 ˭ʤ˭
ֱԶȥܾã˻ûдлع
ղޱߵɱ̫ˣһɱ˺գ͸ſǰѹֺѪȣƺһϵħ˳ͷϢ
Ϊʿɱ֣ȫڹ⣬˾綾һ㣬ȫŰӡ
ҵǿ֣߳ٲľȥϵɱ
λԪʿ֣ǹϢɱʧ㳡ָֻƽ
ɱʧʱ
ǵڹ⵽ʲôѵһʥɣԽλԪʿˡ
һޱȵǿ󣬶ҸմʯͷڳڡǻĿһΪ˽⿪š
δ䣬ڳļλ콾񶼺ܾ裬ǻԾȻܿô˵ʵȷֲ㣬Ѿں𻢵ˡ
壬Ҳ壬ѾʧõԶһλԪʿɫأ˵
ʲô
ԶôܣڻĹʱˣѵԶҲҪ˲ɣ
Զĸ֣ȷסˡ
ԶʱȻĹʱҪԶҲ֮ǰʱ廹Źǵˣ෴СĺܣԶʳ衣
Զ弫Ŀֲݹϵĵ伮أЩſµսСͿսʿ鿰Ԫʿ
⻹ͨ飬һЩǿԶ˺أһɽӣͳꡣ
ʱΪѪʳԶȦĺڰס
ֱԶʱĩڣ忪ʼһȽԶƵ޷Ź棬漴ĹʱԶʧ
֮׹ǣһֱڡ
һԶ֣Ȼ캣Хȥ𾪹ǡ
ǰԶô콾սľʵ
ϸȥ̫ˣֻһ𱻷ӡǿߣˡҵĴʥü˵
ⳡս˭ӮˣֻһսĽǲԶ飬˿⡣
ԶΣҾԶʱĩ꣬ǵ޵йǣʹԶҲҪˣԣԶûʲô˲ġ
ߣǿʣɱʥȻСҪöࡣ
ȻǰʤȻײδõСһãⳡսˡѰʦ
ƨ
УѹСô
ӲҪƱˣСо޴ĳɳռģһɺ󽫻ƥʥսʲôѵϿʱѲɣ
һλڽ̵ʿЦ˵󲿷˵
⡭񼱵ץһʱҲҲĻ
ʱ侲ֻվһԵЦţҲûΪԼ⡣
֣˾һ˿ģв
һСȷгɳĿռ䣬Ҳȫʢ֮ʱҲƥʥս
һȷǷ΢΢һЦ˵һսҾֵȷˡ
Ƕս˵ķݣװ֤ˣʯй涨ǲʯûʸӮ
˺ºȴںЦػӦ
ֺôĻ΢΢һЦҲŭ
мλϳɳصѰʦƳУЩѰڸܹƫС
һλ߳Ƭ̣˵Ϸõȷǰʤһλ˵СιδΪҵһλǿߣȻǿᣬȴһ֮δ׵ѡ

ǣǰȷӦʤ
ˡ
мλѰʦͷ޳಼ʤ
ȻҾӦʤǿĿãڣ˭˵ȹ֮ʥʿһս
ʱڵһλѰʦվͻ˵οֻʱĶߣ˭˵׽ѣԺлףϾǽĶˡ
ǰ⻰ǿʶ֮ӣ貢ܳΪսʤɣһǼǰʤ
ǰʤ
ڵѰʦ֮⣬ʣѰʦΪӦ಼ʤⳡս
󼱣ȴ֪˵ʲôֺŷϴҲ¶ɫڵƶ̫ˡ
ף㵹˵仰ѵôˣ󼱣ߴٵ
಼һҲ˵СѻʲôҪ˵ôȻǶսϷʹӮҲҪӮù䣬öָԸС
ǰݲȣ΢ЦؿŸеļλѰʦЦλ˼֤˵гҽãұʤô


137 ƽ
׵ı񵭣ǻһ˿޵ЦݣĿ⿴ǼλѰʦ
Ļ䣬λѰʦüͷһ

Ƭ̺һλ¸صѰʦվ˵ȻŵͷҪϿ㵱ѣⳡսʤı䡣
һλѰʦ΢ЦСѺαˣһսѣ϶ķǺ顣
ϲ飬жԼվ˵ۡߵ
װü죬Ȼ΢΢һЦ޾䣬ֻĳλҲû䡣
һöɫϣ΢΢ڳ˶Կٵǰ͸ҵ˵Ѿҵѡ
ɫֻһָһ˿˿棬ɢһɿµղͷŵϢһģһ
˵ģʲô֤ݣóһö˵ǶԷǲܡ
ţ֮ܳΪɡ
±м콾ԣǲδø˵ǹ١
ûзΪҲ鰵͸׵ɵȷЩǣǿ
׺򶨣еһλǿһ֣ò˵λǰһǰ۹ϴ
ã
ҵλʥûԥһӿдȥ
һλԪʿǷ٣ֻʿ졣
ʥ죬Ȼܼ٣ֻҪö˵ѣôⳡսͻᵽ˽ˡ
С
λԪʿḧ壬ֻǹƬ̣ɫʹ䣬һźϯȫ
쳣ĿֲһɰԵıŰϢ·ܹϯأѹ졣
ʥӰѾȫǹɿµڹ㳡Űɫ䡣
˶ϤȷմϢޱȵĺڰǿ
ɫһѾ֪ײδ˵ѡ
Ϊεǿ죬ҲƬ̼Ƴһ壬һŨıŰ
飡
ʥкɫһڣһѪȻˡ
⡭ôܣ
һһλʥ췽ҹ̷𣿡ֹ콾𺳣ǻҲ¶֮ɫ
䣡
ԪʿչޱȵǿɽϢˮŰޱߵľɫ塣
ȻҲϵĿֲȻѳƣһڹɻС

λǿˮµϢĿ⸴Σͷ˵ȷ͸׵ò֪ɣӲޱȶ̺˺ܿµ
Ļɵʧˣҵǿ߶ô˵ѵô
ǺҺ֮һսʵˣô˵
΢Цɫʧˣȡ֮ǼΪףվһԲ˵
ڵˣشЦλѰʦڿжӮ˰ɡ
⡭
λѰʦԥˣڲ¡
ղǰѻ˵̫ˣûлأҪжʤɵ˺ҺϺңһʱΪѣŲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
λǰĳл˵׹ֵ
С˵û˸дһλѰʦæӦ
׺ǺһЦ˵Ȼ齻һҲҵѣǷгһȴһǰгС죬һҶܷϡ
ĳȻᣬӲԷƱǿλĿãֻСλԶݶȥҵĽⳡսӦƽճ
Զ಼¶ЦݣۿȥˣϢºͣѰʦȡ
ҲЦͬСѵ˵ѰʦӲԷƱֻʵһսӦƽ֡
λ˶ô˵ˣλѰʦһ׷ЦӦƽ֡
˵ͬʱĿⲻ俴򺫸
Ҷɵⳡս˵׻ǺģǺ಼³ɽλѰʦݺʸôͶʯʢ䣬̫ۣ
棬¶һԡϢЦͷȻǰֶô˵ĳҲⳡսӦƽճ

˶һҪǺӮվͲˡ
ֿˡ̲سһ䡣
ЦںֶЦĳһЩҪһ
ꡣ
ھзһܷСռڣ֮ɫԺ⻷֣⻷ɫɰɫһ˿ĿϢ
һȭһȭ⴦Сռ伸Űɫ֣ףԣ


138 ٽ
ɸһƬϼεľϣѤˣɺ׷裬ʷһƬԴŨʺʿչغ;ޡ
׺಼µĶʯսѾлĻ˻ⳡ֮ս
һгСΪδһλǿߣȻĻĹ绢˼ɵѡ
һλ죬ȻгԶ飬һλڵԶ鶼սλԪʿһȹڽεơ
ĽѵѾϿף͸Ļ̫콾ˣ׵ʵѾ̫Բ
ʯʢʽĻˣ¡صᣬҲһͷϷ
ѰʦڶʯʢгıӮõıﶼͨıֵѪͱﻻ
ڻﱸʢ䣬һ޴Ĺӵصð˳̻ԻͣǴ
ʢ仹һʱ䣬콾һͤϢ졣
֡
ƮɣԶ
׺Ц
㡣ҲЦţȻүүսһսȫ˶ˣҵѰʦ䣬ǿֵһѡ
ԽɰˡЦЦֿף΢Цֿ֪пôүүȥһ𡣡
ǰĳҲȥ޳ǣЦͷ·
ʶȤûиŹȥѰʦ̸֮ʹʶҲδö
ãһС㲻ɣʵϲ̲סȤ
ܴ󷽣ЦŻ֣㾡ãûҲҪ

Ц⻰˵൱ںģѵСǹͷпã
ͬʱһ죬ޣ²
ϣǸײ岻Ĺϵϣүһʶֽе
ͺľơûغһȥ಼¡
಼µѰȷʵһλĳߣͬΪѰʦһӦò
Զһ಼ͤ뼸λ¸صѰʦȲ裬˼״һҲ֪Ȥ뿪ˡ
үүˡ
š
಼һЦΪû˫ĿĹϵԵĿЦºͣһʦȡ
Ѱʦڣȷʵǵ֮ʦǣдѰ޼
ǰҲغ
СѲؾ಼Цֻϧֻв裬ȴûоơ
ҰȪ̻Ƽ䣬谮ɽԲҲжӣܺȵǰĲ裬ҵĸ
಼¶ЦЦҲ˳ͤ
ò裬ظʣѵһļƷ׺һ裬̲ס޵
಼ЦСǶ֮ˣұˡ
˺Ȳģ⣬һһˮͺˡ
಼ƺֻǵ̸һѰ飬һˮ꣬˿οЦѵСɾͣɸǲ꣬ǧֶ԰ϷСдѰ޺
ǰˡ
಼°ЦͷҲûʲôرȤϲ죬ʱɲҪŭม
æǰģĸ
ϷҲˣʢڼͷҲˡ಼֣ͤغæ
һؼҰɣίʵеСˡ
ǵģүү
಼£ֶ˵֣һʢټ
ãǰߡĿ಼뿪
಼Զȥ°˼ͷһѵֻΪ˺Ȳ죿
ǲһλѰʦôģȥʼûʲôͷ
˼Ƭ̣ƲһЦȥԼǱߡ
Сô಼¶ôԸ𣿡ܰԣʵ
ߡ
ˣĹĺһʯϵĹϹҹȥ
ñ϶Ǵ󷿣СҪСҵһЦ
ִ磬۸ҡ
Ц⺢ǷǱһʶ
ҿ񷭸ۣүȴ֪ôСôƯϱˡ
Ҫ㣿ִ֮⣬ʲô㡣һ˵ĻȴΧ˶
ã˵ģҲôףƵôڱүǰ˶
֣ԸⱲӴĿԺܴ󡣡Ҳ̲ס̭
쳤̾Ƕڼʣû£ү֮ǾȥĽʰɡ
⺢ûˡ
ҲЦЦͬʱɫףղһ仰û˵ߵôҲҪСһЩˡ
׵һЦָ


139 ʢ
ֵͷ˵˶֪׶飬ֻҪȵԪǾͻ飬ȻҪһٶ꣬ʿУǶˣϺĽһԡ
ʲô
췴ҿóֻϲִ磬Ͳ
ֿЦԹǧڴͥô˵ڳڴ򺫸ʹںֿȣǺٵһˣŻǲѵġ
ߵҪǸҶ֣ǲģ˿ս
սĹҵսôֱЦˡҡͷʧЦԻĹʱ֮󣬳˾Сģս˵ĹйҵĴս
룬ͷȷĹҵսڰУδ˵йĴս
ΪҲҴÿһĹҵ̶̫ɲˣʹֹΪӣǼĵ̣Ҳǲġ
ǵȻʼ磬߷ߵȺͷӶ˵ˣûнԪ֮ǰ֪ĻܣĻ
ǱôºʵԸżҲӦһ
׺ŷϴʱһ𣬲
ڻĹҵһЩأǸû˽⣬Һмͷѡ
ŷϴԵøΪע
ͬΪһ𣬵ɷھ뺫̫ԶŷϴҲϣ˽⺫ϣУѾѺһС
һΪսȴΪףӷֵĻвѾɱģΪһЩ顣
ʦ壬ΪĶ֣ӭսɣŷϴĿᶨĬĬ˵
ҲԽشսԵ£ѹģĹ˭⺫һͷβķӡ
ӣ׺һƣЦԸꡣ
ĺķӡ۾żĻ˵ΪرԸʮǰֻ򺫼Ҹɵһλʿ˵һ仰Ǹţǧȫһɱ״ңֳͻϮһ㣬Ҳ̶á
һŵ÷ס
񸽺͵һαǰһӵģʵĺڰúܣǶݶˡ
׵üͷҲԣôλԼһλС
ڶȷкøУԷǷҲϲԼҪϲĻǺҲֻף
ܸоϲԼģһ޿ɱ͵˺
СӣǲǺûϵʱȥǱ꣬غ޵̫ˣȻȻҵĶ֡
΢ЦǾǵС֮ô
Ȼǡֵ
ЦֺαصģȾưɡ
ͷֶһۣȻ˵ʲôģʵֲ̫ˣĳ˵һ뺫һϸߣָûС
ȻԸҲϣĿǰս㺫һɡ
Ĺҵĵȡһţħ
ԼһʱΰĹڳţӭ콾볡
Ҳʢ伴ʼһսϿʼˡ
ʢƴǲЩȫֻ֣ҪǻĹҳ֣Ƕ塣
СӣҪѪǣЩ᲻ãǱϾǿʥϣȥ̫ˡ
ƥﻳҵһʥ˵ҲûΪɹʲôĴʥ͵ҵ⼸Ĺװɡ
Ц𽣶ܺôҿ˵Ĳƽ˶еء
˵ͬʱ˳ŷϴ
ŷϴ΢΢һЦԴʦʥŷֻʦ嵱䲻ţһĭһʳԡ
Цŷʦֶˣ뻵ҷֵ֮ǰȷʵЩᣬһ˿Ѿɢˡ
ŷϴЦЦͬʱ˫һ˿мЦݡ
ʼ̾Ǻгɣ֮¶ôͣҲͲᷢô๴Ķˡ

ڴʮλʿһſţ׼˾ֱ߹ȥ
Ѫǡ׵һ仰ǧˣ˲Ŀ
ЩʦȫӾ𣬲ŵؿףܻԼĶû
ѪȻ̫˼ˣȻûʥȫԣѵ׺ͼĹϵôѺã
һλͷףվɫʵСѵҪѪǣ
š׵ͷ
ãǷСѵǼǣԼעѪļʲôйȻ𾪣ȴɫȺܳȡ
װҪд߿һüͷȷʵļ۾Ǵʥ


140 ڱص
һŴɫֽϣɷƵд˼֣йѪǵļ˵͵ļҲҪһʥ̸
ţģʹûȥҲḶصķõġ׵ͷ
ãһƷĹس̶ȥţֹӵѪǻΪѹ񡣡Ц
ǺǡײÿɷһЦ뼧߽
ܴ󣬽ۼһ㣬һ¥Ǿ޴ĴʦҲеı
ʱ̨òĹŪңѽСշǳ֡
˲٣ȫһЩеɻ֮ǰڽгʿ
¥¥ǹ䣬ڹĶͬСɣһ콾ݾ˵Ѱʦ
ԭһˣԼͷֶʸڹ䣬˾鷳ͬһۿ
±Ůż¥һż䣬ܴŮ棬ԼˮĹϹ۽ܺá
һǽϴһɫˮľӣһλŮһӣˮӷһһ¥ľ͸档
٣СĲӦǴģ˵ҲͦǷ֮ǼҲġ
Ҳ棬ֱûʲôôˮΪܷһ¥ľʦԿռ֮Ҳ˽⣬еĵ
Ƭ̺ǰļαˣŻرգͬʱյˮʹԭͻԻ͵ĹֽݣϢ
ŪҵòﻺϹ̨ȻһλЦݴһ
Ц棬ͷȻ˶һݣһҺôֱʡ
ʹ͸ˮӰҲܴϸоһ˵ѹѹƺܴԼɢһɿµ·ָܻ񷡣
ģ̫ˣһʦȻԪʿ԰Լʵôۣǲˬ
ʧЦ½ʯʢǼҾУҲʵչ¶ʵġ
ǵҲǣû˸ǻĹҿսҲҪ԰һΪЦ
һ˿âע⵽ûУзһ˼λʥ
λ΢΢һЦ³һ֡
һ𣬿ЦԭΪֻע⵽ϸڣֵܱһҪϸġ
ЦѰʦϸ˵Ҳ˾λԪʿչǿֲĵ̡
һʯʢܳʥ֪ǵжô񣬳˻Ĺ֮⣬ڻ߽ڽЩһɣҲ޷ӵʵ
ʥʲôɽһǵˡһڹ֭˵
׺ŷϴһۣΡ
ǽ𽣶£Ҳʮλʥѣ򿰳ȻڻĹǰĲʲô·ĺͯǿȥ

һ¥ֳʢʢѾʼ߲һλԪʿͬʱҲһλɫʦ۵ƷĽ˵ƺҲ޼֮ĳܸߵļǮ
ֳպ֣ʮƷȥʢĽȽ׶Ρ
û˼ȫûõС⣬һıûУĳ֣κβĶϣ˯ˡ
׵ǿýζҲ˽ʼԴǵһְ취߻ὫÿһƷԨԴһӵҲ˺֪ܶʶ˵ǳ
Сӣ㻹Ȥⲻܰһԣ˾
ЦЦʱһ֧ͨϾİɫαʱŮʿĿ⡣
֧ΰ覣һͨǧҩɣûκι߷Ψһþݣȫһߵ
Ů˵֧ݵЧã·׷׳֣һ·һǧ衣
ǧ衣
ͨݣ׵ȥһ߰ķǮܸߣŮʿԥǵֵ֮󣬶ѡˡ
ִ磬ǡ
˫۶ôˣұ֧ͦƯģϻÿЦ
Ц۾ȵ׵ļ򣬿Цлִ硣
ѽвҪôòãҪΪٿһ䣬ʱöкˡЦŵش
ľưɡӹȥһ̳Ӿƣƻ²ס죬ᱻʰһ١
С
ܲм˵СҸ㣬ʰҵ˻δء
˷Ű۲ԽǴԽ衣

ԽԽʣļﶼֵǣѾ޷轻ףﻻſԡ
ǣ
ڵһ£վ𾪵ؿˮӰ


141 ڱص
һƴСѪɫͼоˮӰУͬʱɢĪĽ
ѪڽĲرͼѽʲôôֱʣֻǲоѣûʲôҲ΢΢һֻǱͼоʱʧȥȤ
ȴ𾪣ǰһﺷеõͬıͼоͬĴСֻаƴѡ
ʱû̫⣬ʼԴô뼯еĲͼ̸ףȻûϵڽյʢٴμͬĲо
֮ǰҲϸƲеĲͼӦֻķ֮һһţܼŲͼܸݰŲͼƲصĵط
ѪڽɲرͼǱضǲžıֵɹ
ѪڽɵرͼǲоȴҲֵ˫ͼһʥ̨ϣߵÿһط
ô󣿡
ֵ̫ˣ֪ⱦͼжôһСѪڽʥᲢۣ
۷׷ףû˳־ģ̨ϵԪҲеغһڲ裬Ŀس¥ϵĹҿȥ
ʿԣóʥȷ̫ΪˣȻϾѪڽɵıͼҵĸ콾ѵĶô
Ȼ
ֻƬ̺󣬽ڽ̵Ľ𻢱㺰һ۸һƷʥѪڽ
𻢽м֮󣬻ûˣڽ̫һǲ𣬿ÿжи˳ӣ˶òֵ
Ʒʥұ񵶡𻢾ĳɹʱ׵ͻأ
׳ˡ
⡭ѵǱͼɣ׶һѣ
ٺ٣׵ƽڽ̶ѣ˭֪ڽˮɱ˶Էʥӣ̫ˡ
𽣶ʵڽ̣ҺױмңʹپޣҲˡ

Сӣˣʹ𻢵ҲôƷѰɣڣе
˵һçײô
㻹ô֧㡣ػڶУΪҲһ鱦ͼоĲоһģһֺ
Ҳ¶𾪵ɫͬʱοЦˡ
ǰѱͼоó˵ļ˶εģᱩ¶ܡ
СӣǴõģɲʵѪڽɵıͼоܸܵһϡصϢ̲סȡ
ЦЦ򵥵˵һ龭ֱֱҡͷ˵Ļ̫ˣڷ˽Ҳܼı
ǻĹʱĶо챦أȻõһݲоҲ㡣Ҳ˵
ûиǿ˵Ǻãȼ뱦ͼһȥѰ
δ䣬𻢵ٴ𣬲жһ˿ɭƷʥһ
𻢵δ䣬׵Ȼٴ˶ȴƽؾף˶Ĥ飺Ʒʥһ
˽𺳣ΪҪȺǰȽһƣΨмǲ֪ͼļֵĪ˵ƷʥʹƷʥҲֵø
ĹıͼֵǷóƷʥ֧Ԯס
Ʒʥֺ󣬽˳Ĭĵû˵
ߣ
˺ôһһ䷿ڴŭЦףҪΪˣܺãϣ߳з֮ܰȻص𽣶졣
˻Ȼ
ڽ̹Ȼ㣬𻢸Ŀ֮вף¼Ҳ¼ҳ
ǰ벽Ĺҵĵ䲻缧ȻҲµİš
ģ
شֱӣֻһ䲻мش
ζлˣеĲͼ֮ҵȼ˹ȥѰױ̬ȣ̱ء
üŪۣžЦЦһоڲС
սûٴκۣƷʥ۸ѾܸˣʹΪڽ̵ʥӣҲ㶯ðƷʥĴʥ
Ըõһݲоζؿű˾ģԽƷԽͨʥʼպҡ
Ǽȴûٴγ֣Щ׵ȷܶģ۸̫ˣҲǷ򲻿ɵı
ڼͷ֣˳ĹңĶϡУҲۡ
һʱʢӽβ
棬ǱʢѹᱦһгõѪǣļ۴ʥ
ߵո£ȫʱȻ
ҪѪ̫ˣﲻúúñô
˾ȵļôߣȻҪôʥһѪǡ
һɶԣʥǿĵ̣ͨĴɻûдʥ
һЩ˲ܽܣ󲿷ҲΪ۸񲢲֮С


142 
һ̨ϵеغŲ裬²豭ϴ
Ȼѹ֮˿ǵʱҲܳ㣬ʱû˽мۣôʹϣѪȻס
ʿȻûѪǣջҪҵ콾Ƕᡣ
ѪǣܹʥϣǶ˭Ķʥ֮һ
ȻϾҲʥɵ콾ҲûȨطϵɵĳ
Լһյʱ䣬һڴһ
ǰ֣˽ΪôʥһѪЩˣаƷʥֿ֪򣿡
̨ϣ΢΢ۣһѹµϢݼţȻǺҵʢ䣬Ȼ¹ؾͲܸСˣƷʥС
ǰδ⡭
ӣôߵЩĮȻ϶Է
Ȼǰ֣޻˵Ƭ̺󴫳һõڶԷʥǺҵǿߣ˲ҷѡ
ӣСǲǳԴҩˣΪǵĵ۹ô
׼˵ķڣЦһڵġ
һСɫһ˿أɫ
ҵȻ֪
ʼ˵˵һλ龳Ҳ֪ϢǷʵ
龳
־׺ŷϴɫ䣬ԽľǿߣѵУ
ϵ龳ʿô
ûٺһЦСӣҲ̫ģЩϹɵһҪɣ֮սǵȤǵҪĹͷ
ҡͷ˵ʲôɵĵģֻǺ龳ʿжǿսܷһǣ
ʼԴǣϣⱲЦˡһȻڵϴЦƺ顣
ҲȻʧЦ͵ʼԴǲͬǳԶʱ񣬲ֶ֪ǿߣ˶ٳҵĴսŹʼûбȻ꣬ԭġ
ʲôԭ򣿡ʵ
ʼԴдܣҵۣӦ֪ÿһλĹҵʼ涼һλ۰ɡ
׵ͷʵĹżʼۣ˾֪飬ǡҲǣƺžʲôӵ˶ôµս
ϵĳνΪԽ龳еĵ·˶Զ޷֪ʹĹңҲ֪۾жôǿ󡣡
һȭһƬӦò⣬Ԫʿһǳοһϵۡ˵
ǿԵģΪû˼۳֣һΪ۾޵еĴڣûʲôͷʲôǿֵԶ֡
ΪβͬʱڳۣʹǼҺͷң۵ʱҲꡣ
ΪʲôǼ˵ĵߣÿһλ۶ǾԵǣô˷ָ˻߸ˣûش
ôǷˣͨʿһԪƣ׽ʵ
֪ͷͬʱص
ЦЦ˵ǲۣ֪Ƿɽ磿ÿһλʱɢȥǡ
ԹųôۣǾʼԴǱޱ棬֮޸Ĺܡ
޸
ǽ𽣶ʵûʲô̰Щʶ֪ҡͷ̾
׼˵ɵĻȻมСȭͷƲȵ
֣ڽ˵ʱܲҪôΪ׽ͣҲε
æ֣ˣүʵڲó˵Աͷְɡ
ҡͷһЦΪ˽͵ǵȷ޸һȭҵѰɵ棬γһ޴Ĺ֡
ЩԶʧʼԴ޸ܣҲصʹùȻ꣬ȴȻȻûб
ĿɿڴһǳȻ޸ȷһ飬ֺͼƶı飬֪ģʼԴǵȷлҪذٱǧֹ
ԭˡ̾һ
ڵȴѪǵĶʱڣ֪أƺͨȴֻлĹż֪𽣶ȻĴɣҲ缧˵ûʲô̡
ԸһʥһѪǡ
ʱһԽȻһ䷿ڴѹһʱ


143 ʥ
ҽԸһʥһѪǡǵ೤һİڻص
ֳʱžˣҲȻ˫âһš
˭ȻôʥһѪǣѪ
ţϾһʥ˵Ѫ˿䣬ҪóʥһȷʵҪ
ڵǻԡһڵࡣ
˻ȻصɶܾηҲ˺棬͵ĹҶ֪ǵĵֻ̣ǲΪͻȻߵѾη壬Ĺҽаˡ
ǻԡڣֳ
˵ǺôҪʲôѵ۵һˣ
һ𣺡Ĺңôǿ
˭֪أԱȽڽ֮ǿ̫ࡣʼһЦȻ󹴼§ףЦСӣˣ𽣶Ҫһʥˡ
ЦЦܵȻ
ʦ壬Ҫʥ͸ôŷϴһԺȻ˵
ţʲôô
ŷϴЦʦ屡죬СֶҲ¼ֺͷֿЦɹĶ̫࣬һʥЩͷδĺá
죬ߵִһΪɣѵ𣿡
ŷϴҡͷСֶһ飬֪ʦܷɡ
˵
һĴʥϹУСֶΪ̫ɽȽףһմӣҲԱ̫һ¡
ŷϴ٩٩̸жԻմӺ޾⣬մ˽𽣶˶̫ϳϣƻһ֮Ȩ죬Ҳ׵С
֮ǰŷϴԹͲױմӸɵŷϴѾȫûǸ˼Ȼ׵֪ĵѣͬʱɵĴġ
һλ̫ϳϺһλͬʱϣҲҪԴ
һҲæ˵ִ磬ʦֵĽ鲻ѽʥ̫ɽûк֮ǣ԰
ҲЦŷǣνӢ۲Լһʥˡ
ֵʲô͸𽣶ΣɵĳҪǸģү̤ƽ

ЦһȻ£ͷŷʦֶԲ˼ɡ
ŷϴһ漴ЦСֶףʦر

СѣɵԸôʥһѪǣ̨ϣ߻վ麱أʵ
ס
Ƭ̺ǻԵٴδԸһԵĴʥһѪǣȴһССҪҲϣܴӦ

ǻԵĻһҲȥ˵ĳ㲻ƴǣҲǸһۿۼۡ
˵Цˡ
ǻԵܿ΢ЦҲмʯϣʱȥͣڱ귽滹ַģǾְһ˵ġ
һȺˣͬҵ콾ǾȻ
ھȻɵǰȥͣǿǰδеȺӣͷһԴĦ浽̺ʲô⡣
ڵصʼԴҲû˸˵֪ʹǻĹҲֻ֪ŷλַ֪
Ϊ̫ˣص˿־壬ȻȴǰͣһԵźš
ڽλǲˣӽտʼ־һԼ̬ػʿ硣
籩ǰԤݰҲ̲סˣ֮١г̾һʢѾ޿ɱ⡣
ų֮⣬кܶصҲ𽥸ˮ棬ʼսʱ
׵ĻӦҲܸɴ࣬Цֿʮ֮ڣұضسŵ
л֡
仰£һƴʢͬʱʯʢҲĻ
ھһʥһѪǣǵܣȨ档
ǺҲȨ֪׽㹻ķúһ뿪ɸ
һȺ콾Ŀ⸴ӣ󲿷˵ĿⶼףĽ֮⽻֮ԹҲ֮
ʯʢӮҲǺңҲڣ׼ȷ˵Ӧס
˾㤵ѰԼ콾ɵǿսΪ̵ӡÿһԺС
һ۷ǿߣѾһϯ֮أ˵սǷȱ٣似Ѱʸ롣
ϲֻôʥ
лᣬȥĵ۶Ծ֮ꡣҲʽ顣

ȥʱ򣬲ٴɵĵӶʽ飬ǲΪеҲ콾ɫĮȻ߹ԼĽȡ
ͬʱҲвɫ䣬һ˿Թͼޡ
һ½֪
ʼԴǽ꣬ԼļŬЩһ콾ס


144 س
ʯʢĵڶϦ£ϼзϽɫĲ£ƻõĹ
֣ĳǰݻᡣԺ棬ǻһϮ޳繫Ӹ硣
ڵıԺڣֻʣһˡ
һŷϴǰؽ𽣶죬ҪģΪôȥȥһЩʱٻɡ
ڵĽ׻ûнУǻհдջֶһһ¡
֨
ɫľŴ򿪣״߳Цֿ롣
־õˡǻЦЦ
ǰڡ
ΪǻԵ裬Цˣĳֱڻܺ棬֪ڹʲôְλ
ǻԺһǺЦ˵ȲֹΪһ֮ڹɵλߣĳֻʥеһλּЦˡ
Ѹһ˿ȺͲ⣬ǡôرʾ֮ɫ֮̾ʾȻʥӣɵʵ˳Ծ
ǺǡǻЦЦ׵Ļʾͬ
ֱͣӳڵǿء
֪ʥӿɷзˣз콾࣬ĳĬĬŵĿ;ĳ̵ʥӡ

ǻҡͷЦʥȫԪѾչؽӽʮˡ
ɹɲ⡣̾һ˵
ǻȻһЦ˵ֺʱ뿪зһھзһС֣ǵĽס
ЦЦΪβнأѵɻôһ˵ţͬʱָָ޷Ǿǰָҡ

ǻԴЦǵĻᣬһʥѣҲδؿϣֻǴʥɼλϻͶҵĹҲ֪ģ׼Ԫʿ̤롣
ԭˡ
׵ͷ˫һƬ⣬΢΢𣬼Ц˵ֲֻһẦֻСʿɼλϽνףͦġ
󣬶ĳ֤κ©ֵĵڲɡǻҲЦЦдһ˿ơ
Ȼ̶ЦֿպԻֻϡ
á
ǻԵҲǸɴ࣬ȭպټ
ǻԲãֺͼǶڼֵСӣҪȥˣȥιô
ʱһȥҡͷھȥңȻѾ߳𽣶첻һΪżĺô
ǵøոսٹʱ䵽ɽʱΪǳ޷ȥɽÿȥһ
ڽһ£ţǻԵҪðգǲ硣
УҸ׻һȥҪ̣ƺĳλĶ˴Ӯ˵ĻģǼЩͷлӵ뷨ˡ
ĵ˵ţƲ⣬׺ͷҲܸܵһ˿ɱ
үϡʲô֮λλ̫̱ˣҪҵĵλҪ׷Ҹ׵ΣôڮҶνֻҪҸײүͲˡ
ǼôһĬطֺȻʵ
Ҳ֪λ֣
ܿ£ڱһ棬óĻλȥҪСĶԴֹе
ܲмߵһٸүʮʱ䣬һֻѹ
ˣóǺżΨָڼܵĴҴ˵仰㼱Ҵ뿪ˡ
żȥıӰֻݺҡͷһЦ
ƺļᱻ֮λ
СӹȻӣԼȴТ˳Ҳǿ׼һűȥģӵӣȻĴ
Ϊ棬ʵΪǼĸƭ
ƭҵȷڱ⻹ǰ飬ҲȥżλţĳȻԸȴҲ֪ԶԶĶ֡
˼֮磬򲢲󣬵ڽ𻢡
һֽʶô죬һλôԸ𣬴ôۼԿλֵĿ¡
ʮ꣬ⷬصұȻҪһ֮λ˵вλãǵǶˡ
ǹµ֮һǰֵù췭ظóıơȣ˵£ܱͼλҵǿвԼԣ̫Сˣֵһᡣ
׾ţûдϷֵĻԣǷֺͼ˵İҲãҲãδŵ飬Щġ


145 ̻Բ
ҸҶ󣬳ּλŲſΪ棬ĳԶһ䣬ʹǿźɲ壬ܳΪӣΪǼӢۣλĹҸɵѵĿˡ
ڼΰ¼Ǽռҹ˵ģҲ˵
˵׵ʱܲȻܿóľηʹ֪Ӣ۲ܳҲڱۡ
⣡һ磬ûĹҵĵڱ󶼲ۣ֪ĸжôĿº̬͡ˡ
ͣƬ̣Ц˵üСӻȥ޷Ǿһĥÿ֮ļƲߣԼ̣Ҿ㹻ˡ

׸ƶЦһ֪ҲôߣСӵ̵ȷЩҲ̶á
˴ЦͬʱҲɿΪˡ
֣ҲģУʶͼλ֪Ҳ׼رȥΪһʥ֮ս׼
׵ͷ˵ԷֵʥӦûʲô⡣
ѶȺܴ󰡡ЦЦ˫ȴ˸ޱŵɫǺЦʹҲһԵģӦĸףһҪΪһ
ĬȻÿһ˱Ź£ƺҲһβ׵ļ䣬˵ʲôֻף
֣һټǶ֮ءֱȭʹ˱
ءͬЦ

ͷ뿪зҲ뿪뿪֮ǰҪһ˸һλˡ
ԼһҾ¥棬㵽ˣڴǰơ
Ϲ⻪ãӯӯ´ӺȽȽ֮ʱһλ¶Цݣǰ

֣õˡƮɣ粨鶯ĿеľŮ
ڶʯʢѾ콾ѾȥǰĴڱԺûгȥ¥ȴܾס
׸һƣЦ¹ƣ˵Ƭ̣ʹһҹֺη
Ц˵ԽԼŮӻˣֲûôϲ㡣
״Цҵ˸
ҡͷһЦһ˿⣬ǳЦӯӯؿԴޣ෴ûһ˿ᷳԽ׿ɰֱʡ
վҪ뿪ˣƬ̣꣬дʧʵ
΢΢ĬƬ̣ͷţһ磬ұ뿪
ʲôʱټĿһ˿ϣ֮ɫ
ҪܾԺ˰ɡײҿʧĿ⣬ܸͬӣ۾⡣
ǧһϵĬƬ̣չһЦٻʢʤգЦģ˼Ϻ㡣
ȫһеѹ֣̹ȻӭҲ¶Цݣҷӣú㲣ңһӭȢ㡣
Цᣬ仰Ѿˣǰ˴ѹУ֮ʻ¶
ΪǶ֪һҪ֮ܶˣǲమ̫谭
ʯã㡣Ҳѣᣬһؿһۣתȥ
ҲḺ㡣׶ԶȥıӰȻȾоơ

зһСУɫජˮӰŹޱ߱ŰϢ֡
ɶ񣡡
һĳ⴦С缸ѣ˫˫ɱͼʡ
ףƾҲҵŮˣϺأ·壬һλӵħ
ԺĹ⻷ѾһڶһУϸȥܿ˫ڣָױǣҰ޵צһ㡣
˫ڣйŭ󣬺һգۼָģ
ˣ
һλŶߵʿǰ¶ޱǿϢ
߳ϺҸɱЦҵŮҲȾָ𽣶š
ǣϣ
˫ĮӦһٴιʧ
ߣ
һȭ⴦С磬һſ֪ȥ

ڶգзѾǰյ콾ѾȥҲʰң뿪
߳зѸǫ̤́봫֮ʧԭء
콾У̾һ׹Ȼ衣
ɽ쵶šɽׯڽ̣һɶɱϺᷢ⡣
ô뿪˺ҵǿ֮⣬ǽڽҲټ
ˢ
Ƭ̺ھзһСգ״Ӵ߳С


146 ʦּݵ
Сȴ⣬дУһƬľ
״ӿзںץֻʴĺ㣬ʼ㡣
òã⣬õ޴׵ҲûЩԹ˵ɳ̲ϳʳ

һͷ˹һķɰԶ޵ææߡ
һ꣬ٴй⻪ӰڵϿա
úˮϴ֣ӭ˱ȭЦʦ֣ʦ֣λˡ
ͺͰһϮɫۣɫȻԽɲ⡣
Ǽ򵥵İɫɢһΪϢ͸ӵĵȻͰ
ǲԶǧ㵹ڣԼһԿ㡣͹һЦû·ɳ̲ϣҲһ
΢΢һЦͬڵϣ׵Ѿ𽣶죬ֺΪ㽾
ЦЦӴָóѪǵݸ͡
ɫڷһ˿仯ӵеĿ㣬ϸ䡣
ǺñôѪѾˡͰ֣Ȼ̾Ϣһϧɲ޳ڵʦҲڡ
ЦǺҲǸȡ裬һʥһҲԿ
΢̾ˣҲ޷ˣܵõһʥʦܹûΪҪл㡣
ʦˡ
װ˵ҼȻǽ𽣶ĵӣΪ룬ҴɣҾԻա
ȻףԽϲˣͬʱҲ׷ſģԼıŮôһλˣҸġ
ŵȥӣһҪΪŮҵһˣƺѾˡ
ʦ֣Ҳ˵ҵɣ׿һ㣬ĵ˵
ɫҪ֮Уһ˵ŵģʥ̫ɽɰʦƹܡ
ƽʦִ壬ĳ
ͰֶЦﶼһģܹҲɵĶ
׺ͰһЦ
ˣʵȴĲһ˽𽣷֮⣬ײҲдʥһ̫ɽаͬʱӵһʥ
ô̫ɽһͻΪ𽣶ڽ𽣷մȻǿҲ޾塣
ڸĵַν׾УҲԪʿʹʥλʦаνô

ʹЦдǿҵģʦܷģҺͰʦǰԵֲء
ҲݸһЦû˵ʲôüͷȴ΢΢һͬž޴š
ʦܣʱҪȥ𣿡ͰѪǷŵԼı磬ʵ
ţھз̫ľ콾֪ԼСʵᱻͬǿ˦󡣡
̾ⷬҪǱҪԾôƿһ࣬ѣڱսʿнڽʥӣս˵ǰ޹˺ˡ
𻢡˫ǻԶҼʹС̨ҲûʲôãﵽһսĵزҲҪ벽ڲС
ο׵뷨Ǻõģмǲܽ꣬ʿĴɡ
ͳƬ̣Щģڵôɣȥ̫Σա
λʦ뵣ģʱɳ֮ʣ߿ܻȫԪսԱ
ǽʦȫ߻ܱȷ԰ȥ
Сһҹ֮ǰʹ˷ֱǫ́ʹԶȥ
С϶ͺͰˡ
ʦܣоô͸˫֣۾΢΢𳯶ȥ
˫Ŀһ˿ɱЦô˲ˣȻԪʿȥɱСʦܡ
ЦԪʿҲôţΪǽ𽣶ô
ߣ
ضɱӰһʹʧ
΢΢һЦҲͬʱʧ
䣡
ǧ֮⣬һ޴ĽȻΰնпˣɨ赲סŶߵʿ
ʿ㶼һϮ£¶ޱϢ޴ĽɨǱܵȥ
ʱ
ǧɴСĹǽסźݺһѹٵѹ̶ѿʥϢء

ŭչֳһλʥİԵǿʵһֻ޴Ӱʿһץס
շž޴ƺ£ԪʿҽжĲˡ


147 һ֮
䣡
䣬һɻϯأ죬Ƿ࣬ԪʿȻһжֵס˲ˡ
΢ЦʦΪԽˣ̫һ򣬱һ¡
΢Цƽʦֿˡ
Ŀ䣬ޱߵϺϾǺҵĵ̣óȻѾ˹أ뿪ɡ
ҲӦ֪ǳֵԭҪĳҲ塣Į˵
ЦЦû˵ǫ́뿪˵أǰڽ׵ĵ졣
˸Ƭ̣ǿʥԶǽ̤գٶ죬һܿǧղսĵط
ʥֻһжѣͰ˫ɱˡһλ۾ƽ
𽣶ԽˣǺҵĵ̣ǾȻҳ֡һλʥߣӥĹˣɲǼݣµϢء
̫ļˡ
һ̾׿ôɱģǽ𽣶ģǷĹؼȻк֡
ĹҲۣ𽣶ǵϣϳ͡
ţһ̰ɣҼҲȥ׷ɱף䲻½ȴҪϺſܵġ
Ǽλ滹ûйȼλ֮ʲôϺſܣн𽣶죬Ҫš
λʥﶺƬ̣Զݶȥ
ҹȻǿ󣬵ҲϾһλʥǿߣҪ𽣶Ҫõ̡
Ȼһõ̾ͻϺſܿɳ֮Ϊ˷УҲֻűˡ

ϦǧɽյһƬͨ죬Ⱥɽ߼ʣżз޷ɹˡ
ǰɽʿѵ֮أӰ޾޻塣
弸֮һǧ壬ʵһ㲻ʡ
ΪʵҲȦʿÿеʿ֪
ʿѪֻҪ漰ɻ߻ĹңҲʵΪ
״Ϻһ·Ļ˺ܶطȷû˸֮ɽ
ɽȻʿһ֮أиɵӳ֣ɶԼ֮أҲܵɱĥԼ
̿ʼˣϣɽҪʧսⰻȻͲΧֱͣӷ
ɽûʧǧ೤ľ綾Ҳʮɸߵܣ
һпսսѸٻмλЩ⡣
ԽĻˡս֮սɿ
⻹
֪𻢡˫˵Ĳ࣬Ȼһ콾Щ˻ܹѹ
飡
һͷµһĳ⣬ȫ߹Ǽȫˣӡߡ
ʮٴսγŹʮвŰˣȻˣս
ÿһζǼĴۻս飬ҺˡӡҲӲ׷ɱ
ͷ޻ɾնɱ׳ɹΪ졣
£ٴγŰɽȥһ·ҲջǷѰ˲ʯͷҲõɵȻĻ衣
ʮ֮ٴǿĶ֣һͷɾﵽ죬൱ʿ
һ־սΪĲпᣬͷ˫˫һչǼʮ׵ӡ
صһһ첲ȫ飬綾ѸӣϽ첲еȻԼѵ
һˣ޸£ҺɾŷǷİ֫
˶֪Ž츳Ƿ֪ĲпĥûһսʹŽкã
ǰԸΪۣ콣նͷ
䣡
Ȭҽ׳ΪʿɫѪ裬Ŀ磬һѪһҡϣʾڵǿ
һʱ
Ȼɽиضпµ壬׺֪Ȥ֪ԼǶ֡
Ϊɱͷ֮һǵصһţͬʱ̺һ˿ɱ⡣
ǳ£һͷ̤ʥ壬ɱԼ
ԸҲԸһͷʥӣѰ·
ڵΪ䲻˵սʤ𻢡˫ˣǰҲѾԱ֮ˡ
Ѫһɾľװ׼뿪ɽ


148 Į
տеڿзţûʹǫֱ̂뿪ɽ
ԽǳɽȥԽ
Ϊе޿֮󣬶ĺһȻæߣ
һڰɽɱķѾϵˣ֪༫Ŀ£Ƕ֡
ģôôͷСˣϽһ£Ȼ㿾ųԡ֣Զһͷ˵
ͷ˲һ೤ĻƣԺԹصһԹԵط
Źֲɱħôֲôһƨڷϣ˿Цĺɫ
İɣ߳ɽȥ˳ᴫһķ֮ͳ
壬һΪ׿ͷ˿СӦóûжá
׷ɳɽ֮΢Цظͷ­ЦСһпһġ
Сƺܸܵ׵⣬ҲؽһҲٿ־壬ǵؽɿطˡ
֮ʣ׽һķԷ˵ǻۺ츳Ƭɽͻٳһλ
С˷֮Ҳ뿪ɽʱȴ֪ڰɽһ֮ϣһԷ׿ԽķЦЦؿǰһĻ
ǰһ͸ǽڣСǵľ
顣
ӻ֣͸ǽڣЦСһﵹǵǵŮҲ۸
òٸ΢΢һЦʱĺ˵Ϊβֽѵ
ûдŽˣܲһ㣬ǵŮԵ
棿òٸûлԼɷĻֻ΢طʵ
΢ЦСһܲ򵥣һıǶȷ㡣
ǵŮС㲻ҪһΪˡòٸƣһۡ
ΪҲδˣҲҪ׼ˡ΢΢̾Ϣһ
òٸԵúܲΪȻȵЩʿһô߶߶˵Σ»Ƿ򸾶Ը˵ĸô
˱̫ʼԴǸֶءЦЦֺƵ˵ˣѾʮûȥˣСţˣҿȥһô
СţˣҲþûˣһȥòٸһЦдɽļλտԼŮȻɫâһʹʧ
ʿ֪ǿеСţʵʣ϶Ŀɿڴŵ·߲ˡ
Ҫ֪ʿʿʵ۹ҲǾܣʵĹҲУ֮Թ㡣

ô̼
׸߳ɽʮ׼ǫ̂ȥĳʱԶɱ˹
һԾվڰпŵϵս
׵ؿһҵ׷ɱµĸֽʮΧס
ԭײûʲôȤǷ˽ɱѣÿ첻֪ݶٴΣȻĿɨ϶ʱ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Χסʮ֮һλ꣬겻ʮ߰ңɫĮȻ֮⣬˫ֿŰΧĺˣüͷûһ¡
ʱҲôѱʦ־ңҿڵʱѾˡһϡܿԼӰӡ
ײд򱧲ƽͷˣҲûмڳ֣˽ʼĩ
߻ӣĩյˣİ˰ӾֻʣЩˣο㻹ôӡУһλһЦ˵ү˵ͷֵǳأĹ;͹ˡ
ҳ˵ö֮걳˫֣䣺۹ǣǲϧǸƥԼĹң޳ܰࡣ
ܿܶѣ߻Ӳ˵ôûʣҲǳҴµĽɽѡЦ͵һ֣ɱӿ֣ڣ˶ɱˡ
ߣΪֵһ󡣡
ߣ˭Ҳ߲ˡ书ܸߣѾﵽ޽ֳɫıǹɫâһ˱ضϣǳѪȡ
걻˱ȥȻȺ˵ʵҲǿ󣬺˺һɱȥ
Ǻ죬һɫǹ޵Уûһ֮С
ôȥֻ²һʱ䣬ĻǾҪ¾ˡ
䣡
ٿȻ䣡
һֻ޴ƴӶ콵ѪͿµһƾͰѺĳࡣ
ͻı˶סˣλҲ¶֮ɫȻ˫Ѹһ˿Ⱥϣ
ǵѾˣܴЩѣ㸴״ӿн΢ЦŶĮ˵
ƣ
ĮؿһףȻȻġ


149 ۹
ѪзѪȵζĮУʣ߰˿ʼط
û˺Լ߰һͣЧҹϵػɱʣĺˡ
µɱǣѾεѡ
Ǵֲ̫Ƿ춼ĳ࣬ЩϺз
ʿһɢɢɱǺٴγ֣׷׳Ӵܡ
Ī׷ջ侲ֹ¼׷ɱĲ֮٣Ŀ⿴һԿϷס
һ㣬Ҳûа׷ɱˣ̹ȻӭջӵĿ⣬¶֮ɫΣң߷緶
ˡعһݣŵϥأɫǳ棺Ҹ
ҲʲôɣֻͨʿѡЦЦַһ͵ء
ʼԴ̫󣬶ͨնʿҲܣٷİտܰţӴңЦɽ֮䡣
صĿ¶һ˿վԼǰĿһλʿλʿôԼˡ
ԶǵʹƵɲǣѾ糱ˮӿʡֺ嶼սʵƴɱΧӳ
һ·̫ΣգеΣڰȻȹƣʱϮļ䣬ǰһ㱣һͷڵϡ
ӣ

Żȥأ̾˵ǵĻӸߣҴӦ
лɡ˶ϲһ˷أ㶼ϹϾվ
״򿪴̨뿪ǰɽȽϽһǳء
ǳ۹ֻǵ۹ѾţԪ
һλǵĻӸǲ̫ˣһҿջڣԼϴ裬еغŲ衣
ɣ⴫һȵһ˿ֺõĹ
ɡ
Ŷ˵͹ȥýǫ˵Ҹ
ЦЦ˵ҺĴݲȣһζǫֺãȴС㡣
ü䲻ǫֺãǿЦɣֻô
ɣˣҲֻͨʿѡЦ˵һ˵Ĺ£ܰ㣬Ҳóƺɣҽס
ܶƺһִôصЩȻڷ˽һλ˳ᢵĻӣʿûʲô
׵ͷʾ
λ߻æ£Ȼһ裬ųĬ˺ܳһʱ䣬ſɬִΪԸСһ۹ʲôɡ
üͷ΢Ǻǵ쳾ҲҵУܴϡܻʱһЩ£һλȽ̰Եʿ۹ʳ࣬㸴ǿԾԵҪǮʳ
سĬüͷţβҧ촽ִ磬лл㡣
˵ҸղҲ۹һЩ£òϰĺܺá
Ҳճ۹䲼ߣСȴܸԣϵһֱѵ
š׵ͷصĻǱȽŵġ
ʲŰд˺ܶ飬Ƕ۹ǳηڵԪ
Ԫ۹ةഴģһҰļңĻıλ֮䲼ĺķɣһǰȫİշֵȼи߸ϵһˣҲо󲿷ֵͿգǱţĵˡ
һɱĵˣֻ⳥һͷţͿԵɰ䲼֮Ļ̻̣ԪѪѹ˼ɷѾ֮ЩҲѾˡ
Ӣƥ򣬲άļҵһŭأгɱ⡣
ɫҲܱ䣬˸ɱ
촽˼Ƭ̺˵ִ磬ȻϣҸȴҲƭ㣬Ӣ֣Ҳмʿ
һʳܴ꣬Ҳ˲ʿȫȻƥʿĶ֣һսչֳΪֲսǿľ̼߽⣬һ
Ц쳾ҲҵУ㸴ԭһǿС˳ۣΪУҪΪЩܿİһ
һЩš
ĿʿǸ߸ϵģĻᷲ˵ױȻҲ˵ѣûҪǰ˵ѡ
ִʿĺܲͬ̾˫һ̽ʵȻʿӦһУеʿһͬɽԸƥôҲʲôΣˡ
ЦЦһأû㸴ô
Сܲ˼
ҼȻӦ㸴ͿԷģֻӦԸӢµʿξطǲġ


150 
һҿջڣ׺˿ҪһƺͼСˡ
ǳػ㷱۹ĳ֮һɣ
һ磬ױӦصҪ󣬴Щˮĳǳء
ԣ븴ɹˮҪһڣǳ֣ǿ£Ķ
ִ磬˵ôؿܴϢĹ˿ͣܽʵ
˵ȥ˵û˻ǵĶԻ
һ͵۹ս£Ľֵ֮һˮǱأǿȦ˽
ֹΪѾûзӢ֪һţ˳ҡ
׺һھƣ˹ܴͬҿȥ֣ȴ׳֣Ϊܲ벽ʹﵽ޽ˡ
΢ЦȻֶ޷շ̸ι⸴ء
ЦЦû˵ʲô

ҹˮ¹ǸŽֵ²βİ߲ĺӰӰϢسȥ
״أױܿһܵѲ飬ǰ
ҪֵһˣѾ˽ʱˡ
ǰƹӰ´£˸շɵݶһ
룬ԼĪʮ꣬΢ЦһԺȲ裬֮ڻˡ
˺ԼϢȻ޽Ϊڷ˽ҲһѺ֡
ʲ˵ıһλɫµӣɫһѲ豭ϣܲͷ
ֻ²豭˵үѾӵʮαĳСҵ
עôǣڲ۹Ԫ۹ǻʵ۵ءһаһ򣬿ᾣ۲ʱһ˿˿ա
΢ЦԪ۹ôαǿأҲᷴǻġ
֮˯ҲôȨ´ѼɾҪˡ

ִЦȻ䱬һѪϢĿ磬ɨˣˮҲвңǲȥˡ
ȻսӵĶ֣ˮѾǱǧʿҲϣĳǳػᷢѪ¼ء
ɫ࣬ŭȵӢ̫ıλôҪЩϳ׳Ƴô
ʵ۵˼ǲҲ£εȨںˮǣֵܾ͸ںǹ᾵ɭһЦеһջɰָʡ
˵ӵܶѾαظأЧңҲ
ڴˣϻݻ塣һ߽лд
ԭ㾹Ȼûء˶һȻ޽ʿЦ
С󡣡
û֣صس־һޱȣ壬ϣҸ
СӼһһӰ
Ŀ磬˷ͬʱݺһȭҵľѧʨȭ
䣡
ؼʱ״һӣһ͵ס䣬ǰ̼߽⡣
һѪŲĵ˺󼸲Ѫ͸ؽȴĿޱȵļ㡣
Ӵ޹ֺ˵߻оţǲأȻܽһƣܽһƲѾม
䣡
δ䣬һִֻߴСС飬Ѫգѩ׵ǽڱȾѪ졣
ʲô
ֺͬʱɫ䣬¶ı顣
ǿһλ޽ʿȻôˣǶ̫λáֲ̫ˡ
׻߽æ˵ִ硣
ܲ£ܿ޽ˡصͷɢǸŵò֪ӣʶ㣬ûôʱ䡣
ŵŵţ
һȺеսʿӿæ֣ȥûҵ˭Ҳ֮ܿڡ
۽粻һƱе޽ʿǷˣ˵ڵľʿ½ˮǵľӼҲδǶ֡
ǰ顣ʿ˳ȥ޽ӺʶȤعͷҲ̧
׵ͬȻٵذѴ֫ϣһˡ
壬ǵôЩ֮վĿ΢Щ
㡭߻أ㾹ȻûҵĵӾȻû̫ˡһϸһ֮϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ


151 Ϊ
ұأҲΨһѪȻֻһˣϢȣ¹ϣ֮硣
صͷоȵȷ֮صҰģ·˽һǿĵ۹
۹ٴĴ֮Ҳͻһ
߻ӣûͺˣһϽ뿪Ԫ۹ĽΪϱһ˿Ѫּƽ˫Ŀţ֪Щʲô
壬ʱҸͬ㣬ѵĿ۹һôƽĿҲƽ
ΨܿһĨƽĿصɱѾɱٲ֪Ȥز顣
ϳѾˣˮֻʿѣ߻ѵҪѻʯô
ִڣûʲôܸıġʱƳ֡
λǣҲ֪ײһƱ޽ʿҲˡ
΢΢һЦֻǡþأǡΪһλĻʵۣӦ
ԥȻ޷ö⡣
֣
Ȼرһ㵱ȥˣλȻתսϱĴôĺ顢ѪȴôЩѾô
һ˵ɽӣɲǼϱһǿΪ޹أйء
۾һ̤ʿ磬ʱ򽫻һλ˵
ŵŵţ
һʮվȽŸ˫ңգ׷ʲô
Ȼʣϳ㡣Σڷ˺ѷεĺ
ޱؿһԲ
ЦЦ֪ѾɹˣѾλӦ췴ˡ
߻ӣϳԸ㸴︴ҽɽְڵϣϾ
ããã
شϲЦæ︴ɽָտɴ
ִӦ췴Ԫ۹֮󣬷һеʧˣȡ֮һɸ߰ս⡣
ܴ֮Ӧ췴ԭ
һҳϣл֣Ҫԭضǫס
ף
ָע룬֪Էһλʿͨǹ󣬵ǷӢʿĶ֣ȴδ֪
һ¡屻𣬾޴ջָһġ
ҴףҲҵľˡؼλȻֶ˵
ֱǹ˵߻ӸǶɣɱӢⲡ
ЦЦĿ⿴ڵϵˣƵ˵Ĵۣ㶮á
ҶһὫһ֪˵ǰ˵ΪĳɵĳϣȻᣬ˭֪ǲѾˡ
ҽйܣӢʮ֮һղűǰɱĺҵһ
š
ֻ΢΢һͷûʲôʾʮλ޽ѣֵôС֡
֮⣬»ʮ󽫾ǻڻʿСףٴ˵
Ӵ΢Цһ£ЩʵƾЩһҰɡ
ǵģǰæ߻λǳأû֪ǵݣڹ۹ʹʱ򣬱һλһȭ˻ϡ
ɶ񣡡ϲɱӷֱһ顣
λѵΪ΢üͷССһԪ۹ѵʿ
ִ磬λ϶۷ΪӢµĻȻѾﵽΪˡͻȻ˵
׵¶һ˿׾Цݣһξ鲻ô򵥡
ʿһŶ٣£ǧλѣΪһԪ۹ܳλʿ̫ˣ㹻С
ԭֻϷ쳾ΪظѣڿⳡϷúܣҪȤĶࡣ
ʵܱȼСɣ˽һ֮С
Ϊģɫʵִ磬ʵôǿǲǡ
ǾҲǶְɡЦЦ
Сܾ˼
ЦģҼȻӦ㸴;;ϣΪΣնӣҶԾͲˡ
ĻشܺúΣҲ޿κΣΨһָֻϣûжԷİⱲӾ޷ġ
ǧ˵İڣнɣЩ֮⣬ô
ܲ˵ҹСҹˮǣӢʮ󽫾֮һΪǿ󡣡
վһǣЦŶصǸץЩڣλԸ
л硣
лߡ
غܹ


152 ʵ
ҹ㾲ˮǴ󲿷ְնѾ˯ˣȻһģİץܽС
ʿͨˣѸײڶٶȿʼץЩڡ
ЩȻҲ΢Щ򣬵ھǰɾѻʯ
ֻһʱѣеİڶϤץˣزûУǱһ֡
Ȼͬʱ̾صѪǧ˱֮ʬڳĺɽ

Сҹһ㣬ϢسˮǷȥ
Ӣܲһ㣬Ҳǫ́ùСҹǰֲ紫̨ļ۸
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һֻɫϮĥ̴СűصϢСҹ
СҹսʿڲִټһХĺɫ޳һâȥ
ĥ̴һѹȥСҹɫʱüѿǹеϢѹزɲĻһ㡣
һٿȻɳһâ޴ơ
飡
ѹ޶ʱ촷ۣȻһɾǿѹ̧ͷ
֪ԷûɱʸûС
λǰСҹڵϣ־شС
صѣҪͷ­һáˢһСҹͷ­壬״һĿԴˮǡ

ڶգ
ˮǹȻԪ۹Ϣ˳ȥվʹԪ۹ен򣬾ٹȻ
Ԫ۹ʮ󽫾֮һСҹͷ­߹ˮǣԳˮǵľĺǿ
߻δϢҲһȥ˶ĬˣձȨĸڽӵϢ֮㶼ĬȻ֪Щʲô
׼ʱ׷Ǻˡ
һϲͨڶ˽ĺ͸΢£ѼŴ˾ųɣõű֮С
ͬʱɳȥʹߣȥ߷ܱߵĸЩıȻ㣬£Ҳʮˡ
ʹ½ǳشӦ︴۹ҲмλɱʹߣԱԪ۹ġ
Щ£ûᣬЩӾڽһͥԺھޡ
һɱʵõٵԴƿһֱŵĽɫȴȻ˶
ɫƺСʵһƬɫƯ׵ܡ
һתɾһġƪɾ󲿷֣ƪѾȻأΪͼʶӵĵӦ֡
Ȼ󡰷ƪʵڻɬѶһһϦܲ͸ģҪǻۺʹС
Ȼ޷򡰷ƪ׵ˣڵΪ𽣶ʩչˣһ֮гǼ콾֮⣬޾κˡ
Ȼʱͻ䣬ɫзֻνɫˮΣƵسƮȥ
⡭
𶯣ڽɫˮεã֪ġ
ɽһνɫˮΣȫĹ⡢Ѫһ飬սֹ
ȴνɫˮͬʱ˵׵㹻ǿ󣬿ͬʱΡ
䣡
νɫˮȻȫһɺĪҵر
̫ǿˣȻǲҩҩԳˡ
飡
ʼѣѪһѣʹ̨Ȼתɾʼ޸
ٴѣٴ޸
һΣΣΡһֱʱ׵Σȫνɫˮȫ
䣡
ͷǹǽɫѪֱߴǧɣȫɫâ֣ڷ٣һս
ʵһεõȻûΪ˽ɫˮ֮𻢡˫˱ȼˡ
ɫ̫أ֪ʲôֻ˲׺һΪͻͽܽɫȫҪʥܰ쵽
£νɫˮͲԲɫһӿʹʥҲ׶༪١

νɫˮ飬üã׼ϴú˯һüͷ΢
ͣλʿǰԪ۹Ļʵ̽һˡ
˽ɫˮΣľǣž͸оʮ֮ʿϢ
˿κܱȼ˫ˣһ콾ʿʹҲס
ҪȥķǾӪЩ²ھӪãƵһۣҵ뿴Со׳ʲô̶ȡ
ЦŲӡһ̤ǰɿ⡣
ˮ⣬ӪмأЦЦˡ
ǰظʿһɫʵ
ǰɡ
вףٹУˮ̫ˣƾҲҵԡ
΢΢һЦӢλʿ֪٣
Ȼ֪λǰԪ۹һ˻ƣȵ


153 ս
״ǿе֪Ԫ۹ȷʿӡ֤е뷨ⳡұ飬ֹıô򵥡
䣡
һ̤Ϊ֮һɽӰۻԾ¡
ʲô
ɫʱ䣬ɫʱþΪܸоײǻʿѣȻǹȴԨɲ⣬ֱʿ
㡭㵽˭һ˲ʵ
쳾߶ѡЦЦϳ֣Żһһȭƻʵ죬ܰڿټѹﲻı֮
¶֮ɫ˫ս̫Զһϵģһȭһؿڴȥ

˵ɳȥѪգȫϣѿ˷ˡ
սѾ𻢵һϸߵˣʿѵһ֮
飡
ԵĴ󺺱ӽصӪڣ״ŲͥǳС
ߡ
硣
غͬʱһ˻ְ³һ£׽æ
Цһֱ֣һԣ΢ЦҲӢµʮ󽫾֮һסˣÿ졣
ضʱһ¶֮ɫǾȱʿ򣬿²õȳͻȫûˡ
˽ʿʿϣʿɨʮӡ
ȣСܱ˵ѻˡ£ͬʱɫ΢Щ
׿ĹǣЦС֮࣬ǿʿЩʿӢµĽȣȴҲܵסʮ
ǰһ켴ֿЦڲһǻӣʿĻᱻ˵
Цô˵ֻҪǽ¼ǳأӢƥΪž棬ʱ΢ΪĴѰʿ׳ǵľӡ
صͷЦһоˣڻҪ鷳ִ籣ˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦڹĵѾǷܸˣ֪Ԫ۹󵽵ʲôʿ֣Ȼǣ顣
磬һͨⳡսԼΪһҲϣܵõ޴ĺô
ºˮɱԪ۹󽫾죬´󾪣˶սˡ
Ԫ۹ʮ󽫾֪Ƕܺ绽߰ȻؾȻնɱ˵ľҲʿҡڲĳֲ̿ѣصĲӻʱ
սۿɼٶϯԪ۹
µɫʮǳأոսһԪ۹˲ʧȥһĽ
Ԫ۹Ҳɳǿߺ͵ͽʿɵĸϮأȻӭǵֻһѤĽ⣬ӵңһݺɣɱǧˡ
˿ĻԪ۹Ľʿȫµľߺս
ʮǳ֮ؿʼŻĽŲеĽűĹţϵ۹
ףΪʦʹؼҲҪ
ţ̹Ȼܣֹɵʿ˽սҲСߵ
˭˵쳾ã쳾ġˣż档
쳾ģһؼ䣬ɱѪȾɽա
ͳһ˵ʿĺ쳾ͬá
Ψдﵽʥľ磬ĲԲܴﵽִУʹһڷ֮ڡ

ϵ۹ʮ֮⣬Ԫ۹ľ
һûʵĹڡ
һλۣ˶̽鱨һԲ
Ԫ۹ĻʵӢΪ۹࣬һǰ䣬¾һ壬ռ˻ʳǣ˺ڰԪ۹
ţǿˡӢӥۣȷʵ֮ܳΪһۡ
̽ºкâ΢̾Ϣһλ߻ôϷഴԪ۹һˣǱᣬǵļƻҲҪʧЧˡ
ˣ
΢΢һһλĸߴ󣬰ƮƮӹس֡
׼ӣȻΪȡ
˾Ȼ뿪ս񹬵ʥӣھзйһ֮Ե
սҲĶ̣Ƚ𽣶й֮޲ʯʢ뿪Ȼײ޽Ҳ֪Էµ콾֮һ𻢵˽档
뿪·ֻʮ꣬һɸɾϢºڷΰֻΪ䡣
ڴ֮Ӣæӻޱȹ񣺡ӣôˡ
ɲηԼߵλ߼뿪֮ĹģһĻΪ𺳣λ߶Ҫ˹֪еĵλǶô͸߲ʡ


154 ͷ
뿪ûмȥشӢĻȤشǰݳ޵Ĺ׾¶һ˿ЦݣԵ˶˵ʵۺãԭĲܼҲһС
ӢվһԲӦ
뿪Ŀ峺ɨһȦſĻʵۣ˵ЩȥĽʿǾıĽɽʧأ
ӢشĺԥȻǿľӪһӵȨС÷֡
Ǻǡ
뿪ЦЦ˵˵治٣ҷģѾȥϮɱϵ۹ʿͿԷȥոЩʧء
Ӣϲݵлӳȡ
ֱڻ㯣֪ΪЩеǿ߻ԸıϵĽɽ
һʳǱռ֮󣬳ʿǰռ˽Ļֹ꣬κ˿ӢĶӽ꣬Ҳһնɱ
Ϊʲôһ㵱ʵۣ뿪ܿģʵ
ӢӲҲֻõͷǰκαĻ޴ġ
ɺܼ򵥣ϲñɶǵĻ꣬ҲҵУѡ㲻˶ĿΪֻһ򵥵ıѡ
뿪⣬΢΢һЩ⣬˵ֻߵʿ˭ǳɺϻǹΪأ
Ӣе˭빫ΪС
Ǻǡ뿪Цһ̤ʧͷ󺹵ӢԪ۹˵һѪʿǰϲ޲ͬ

ɨѨ㴴ϵ۹˲ܱСɵע⡣
ֳ裬С̸ɺֻҪЩʿϵ۹ȫΪṩʳǮͬʱ˲š
ǣϵ۹Ļʶڴ˽ͬʱҲڴˡ
ҹ˸½ɵһƬƽľ
ؽҹķɵĴЩɶţûʲộһʿͺܲˡ
£СԸϵ۹Ҳ̫̣ص֮ͬ󣬱ѸɵĴǡ
ϣۣڵϣǸɵĴµĲˮÿ߶ĹŮźš
£ŻϷͨˣ֪ɷʶأһλʿۣһɷǵģʵȴֻڶΪˡ
ǰ£˵һնɱʮʿȻǰˣΪνûвμ硣
ѵǿҵô
ǺǣλϺôļӰһλʿЦ
¶ɫЦŲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
׵ȥ֪ȻΣʱٲҲҲûʸʡ
ĳǰչؼ죬λõˡ֪Ҫ˵ʲôһԽ洫
״޳ºڷ湫Ӹһ׿Ⱥ
ˢ
Ŀʱ
ʢѪ˿ǻѣ±¶мͼЦ֮ɫ
ԭǻϣĲţǻСʿѣһΪʲôǰˡ
˵֮ƹ۵ʿΪ鼫Ĳм
ƹĬĬţڷ˽ȴҲܺ绽꣬ߵĳν
£ĻϣҲ̫˰ɣѻһλңҵ֮ոʧءһλʿЦ
΢΢һЦ⣬ԼλϣŮæΪһơ
ɫҲѿ΢ЩӲλĳĹĳȷʵϣλԮȻλͼǾˡĳҪˡ
صͷȻĻȴҲûˡ
ٺ٣²ҪŭƶҲΪ˹ҵ룬δɵСӵϣҵίʵ
λ˵ִҵĶˣҲ֮ˣǶҲĳ䲻ţҲԼĶ˱ġ
֪ôԭΪһλ۲ŴԵĻʵۣû뵽ĿǳϷЩĵϷˣǡһλʿߣȥ
λߣѾϵ۹ʮʳȥءּˣæվ˵
ţ
ʿЦϷһЩʳǿǣѵջô
ʿû˵һЦЦſϵ۹Ц
ǰش򼸳̣ҲΪǣҪίߣͬһ㡣
׷¾ƱһӣһѤ˸âҫ͸һǿϢ
ˢ
˲Ϣվ׼ȥʿͷ­ͷ䵽棬ʿŻعȫɫ䣬¶֮ɫ


155 г
ݺᣬһ㣬ɭĺ⣬ͬʱ¶һ˿Ϣȴޱȵǿ󣬷˻ܸ֪ڼʿˣɫһһҰס
ʱվ޳ڷ٣ƽдϢѹɨˣ޾ѹִ˶֮ӡ
㡭㵽˭Σаƹʿսսʵ˲
ղǽ⼫ΪϬһɢ޿ƥеϢ⡭ѵǽ𽣶ĵӣΪߵʿλʿһûһ˿Ѫɫ
һЩʿȫ
Ϊȴ˲Ϣնɱʿǽ𽣶ʿѵѵŽף
׶֣
ǧ֮أ
һλʿǲ˵ȻͨһڵϣЩŵʹȥ
˭˲֪״
ھзŭնڽʥӣѪս죬һǿߣ޿ƥеսǰ벽Ԫʿ⣬˭˵Ӯ
ͨ
ͨ
λʿɫȴɫ֮ǰһ亹ȫ
һɱǣڽ̵ĺʥ˵ɱɱˣοЩˡ
غһ𾪵ؿףı仯ԶǵԤϣЩʿȻ˵ĺ£ɼʿŶôߵĵλ
֣ҡҸղԲԣ˴Ҫһȫסϵ۹ոʧصġһλʿ亹򣬽Ͱ͵˵˵ľ֡
ҵҲԸȫϵ۹ġλʿҲ׷ױ̬
ͬʱЩи̲ѣϵ۹ȻЩСʲôãҪԸ⣬Ϳ԰Ԫ۹ȫ
Ȼǲ֪»飬Ҳ֪Ԫ۹ʵʿ
ģҵɺˮˣҲ֪ڽ̺;ɽׯôҵġ
׷ۣЩ֪ԼͦģҲӦǲηǿȨڽսῡŲǣôоͱɱ˲գ۵ħͷˡ
λɣôֲôֻҪλŵԣĳǲɱ˵ġΪԣ̫ҲǺ£ֻš
λСɵʿսսȴˣؾصվһԣ϶ǿɬЦݡ
š
ٰοǼ䣬Ȼɫ䣬˲ޱء
λ뱣غǳأҲΪĳš
׻δ䣬ӡ˲뿪ǡ
һȺﲻ֪˺£ЩʿҲС˼س񣬱ʾԸظԪ۹ոʧء

䣡
׷ɳȫѪͷųɫѪ죬ҫǡ
һ𣺡ս
¡¡ǧ޹ÿѣһȦȦɢȥ
ڸղţȻɿֲɱͻȻǣϢޱȵǿ纣ɭɱ⣬ʿе
û뵽λصʿȻˣҪһݣ׽սϵ۹
Էսƾ˵սܻǳء
ٶȺܿ죬Ųӡ˲伸ʮѾɳǣȻδͣ½ŲǳųĻĹȷȥ
λʿӰΣ˹
Ǻأ˲ʲôȤֻҪɱ˰ϵ۹ҵʿոսСֱһסԪ۹Ĵ
ǰ⣬һƬĹ֮ء
ֻ˲Ϣѣױ˴նһǿ󲻿ʹѪҡϣֱܱ죬ǿս޵е
ʿ㹻һս
Դڰɽνɫˮ֮ûĴսʿøһĥµĻᡣ
Ŀ磬ڷ٣սһգǿӰԶɢֲϢռ䶼ѹŤƺʱҪѡ
ֲӰ㶼Ľ׳ɢµϢǰʮǰͣסŲ
䣡
̶ţޱȿֲ˲סס
սⰻȻ޾ɫɫѪ񷣬ѪƵҡϣǿ𺳡
Ž壿ף
ͻȻһ˾ɲڣɫý籡ԽĿ£Į㿴
Ҳ΢΢һԷȻϳԼݣҲͷĸ֣ǼԼ
ֵôȤַ˽սôʯʢֵֿ֮ôɣȻ֮ҵһ磬ɫװ˫ֺǰһ˫Žȭס
һԵúᣬ֪׵ݺ󷴶¶ѪЦݣһЦû˵ʲô
λͬ۹ҾȻܾλʿ̫ĳˡ
ײҴ⣬˶ΪҪսȻΪļѣ¹˭ֶһ


156 ս
֮ϵǿϢţȫԡɫâӳǧɫѪ˾㤡
һգ֮ǰ˽ɫˮεھǵĶ֣ʿ򶼿Ժߣж֡
˵һǿ߱ʿЦ򣬱ȾʿҪ̫ˡ
׻δ䣬һߣսѪѾڣһѹףĮޱȣΣս񹬰£ɱ
ս񹬣
⼸׹ɫ΢䣬΢
Ĵ֮һڽ̡ɽׯȣȽ𽣶컹Ҫ΢ǿһЩû˥̺ܿ¡
һ棬һĶŵźЦݣھзһ֮
뿪սʥӣǳغǿû˼֣Ҳ֪µ֮һ
һ˰ֹͬ鼴ֵĳ嶯ɫ΢ЩӣΪ˵ֵ֮ʣαزκ۹С£սһӾʹȥΣ
Цҡͷҵĺ쳾Уȥҵĳûа;ϵϰߡ
ߡ
ʲ˵ɫתɨɭȻϣֵĪҪΪɱڽӾܺʹˣս񹬿ɲǽڽô۸ġ
ˣĳ֮ǰҲ֪Ԫ۹й֧֣ҲǷ˽һսѣĳӣ˳Ρ

սΪˡ
䣡
飡
ʿɫԽ䣬ȸղҪǿٱϢأռ俪ʼŤԼбĿܡ
Ŀ磬ХĳһκˣλȻսǱɡ

ϢҲԽɽɫâҫ񷣬һ֮ٵ󸡳һս˲ڡ
ʦ֣㲻س֣˵Ž˵ţĳһ
ʿԼĽһ˴һһȭһ̹ǡ
ս񹬵ġһȭıȭ̺ޱϢһȭеˮȫɺХƵĳȥ
һȻûг֣Ҳ׳ֻսԺգԼʦȻģҲҵġ

ӿױ̳תźХȥҵƿ
ݺᣬеĺƿԷҲʿĻһХ˸߿յƲ㣬¡
Ȼδ䵽ʱͱһ޴ı̣ǧ
֮𣡡
ǴԶȥԿһĻ𺳵ľ߰ڱһ֮磬Хѩ̴֣˷Ҫ׽ס
׶ԾɫĮվһɱѩɵľ޴ϣ¶Цݡ
׵ս˶ѣԼı֮ɱ

ǵЦݻûȥһĨɫգҽһ˲䴩͸谭һؿڡ
죡죡죡
ķǳ֮죬λʿһûϵ׾Ȼһս֮Ҫ֪֮¶ȼͣнʿ
Ѱʿֻ±֮һ֣ǵľͬѪҺҪסˡ
â磬ɢµɱ⣬ֻײǽһâ
ߣ
ʿкâһһǽԼǰס⡣
ڱ֮ڣףǶԷƿС磬κι޷
𣡡
Ȼһ룬һ޴ͻȻ֣֮֮ͬʱ
ʩչսͬʱֽŻΪһһ޴
ôܣǻʿѣô˻񣬾Ȼһҵ򣡡
ûи𺳵ʱ䣬٣಻ض֡
ͬʱǰһɰɽٶǿϢʮʯгĪѹȥ
飡
ʿܵסͻϮȴûзʮ챮ײײˡ
ۣ
һѪɫȻ
Ǭս磡
Ŀ磬ڷ٣ɱɱǬսǷʤߵȼɱУ˼ҵĲ֮ء
ֻǼܼھзʱ򴫸ףðбļλǿߺҲûֹ
ôˣ
սëһ⣬ǵɱȥ
ʱԷѾߵС
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һɫĮؼս޻ڵؾһȭݺݻԿж䣬Ҫ׵崩͸


157 Ծ
䣡
ǽ⼸ʮУ¡¡쳹أΧǧһƬãã磬ӰƬããչҵս
׶սǿߣ⻹ͷһΡ
һ˼ս֮ѹмͱһ޴ı
չֳǿսͬľѣǸ·ȡ֮һ㣬ÿһ˱ը
𣡡
״𣬺ڷ裬սȺڣһһ೤ıȻٶȲشһݺݻһʿؿڡ
ۣ
ԷѪˣȻҲһһȭںϣѸٽգۼһˡ
飡
һ˱㣬ս
٣սʩչ£ǧ裬Ϊ𺳡
ʿͬɫᣬѾ˺²˱֮ٴΰס
Կ죬˲佻ֹУʹսҲеŵ̫ˡ
飡
ڣȻ߱ըǿҵĳ䲻˿
ǧٵҷɣʹǿʯȻҲһ˲ˡ
Ѫһκգȫ鶼˿ڣѪš
ǿ߿׼˻ᣬٴɱ
䣡
ɫĮתɾķˣͬʱŲӡ䲻ݷرܹһαɱ
ղĵطռǧɳıһգռ䶼̴ˡ
ս
ȼѪ챮֣ͻأشϣŽݺƵ˹ȥ
ռ˺ѣĽ⵱ͷ£ʿɫȻ䡣
û뵽׵սֲزȻһս֮
ߣ
Ҳ֪ɱˣսȥҲǰ취Ϊֻ֮ȷǣʥԳնɱԷ
ߣûôˡ
һȷɳսΪǿһУ򽣹ڣǧ£һǧɳĽ⣬ضڲնڱ
֮նһˡ
һͻأس֣սҰܡ
Ԩǿ˶ȻһԭҪˣֱס˲ͱ޴ĽɨУűس룡
ʦܣ
һ˴ѣҪȥӪȣȻ޴֣ɱ
ɫ䣬ǿһһĳ޴ײһ
ۣ
һھѪʿŵøεѣæȼѪգۼӵò֪ȥ
Уһ˿ѪתɾķɫѪ֡
䣡
һʱ䣬ȬһսվУڷ硣
սʱ࣬նԷһһӣչֳǿսʹʿҲǶ֡
ս񹬣
΢΢۾һղսһλʿӽˣƶԷưոݡ
Ҳ壬ʲǳսԷҲǴĻҪɱԼԼսԲֻҲѾˡ
ŹѾ࣬û˸֮ʣԴ˱ϾɱҲǶԼء
ԽԽˣû뵽Ԫ۹ս񹬵ӰӣɶκϽˣо֮ء

ǽ⣡
۹Ļ꣬ģܺƷǳΰԲаڴ챦ȻЩ챦ս񹬲С
ֽԲĻһƬ뵣һŨܻǿʿأֹκ̤˵ء
֡
عΧ뿪һϮֳһλЦ
ɫ鵭Ȼس뿪ͷ󻹸żλߣɽѰʦ
˵뿪֡ɽʥһǰھзܶصɽǱޣղų˽ǡ
ս治ǰ벽Ĺż壬ѾʧʷеľŽ̵ַҵǱһƺ֮ǰвͬ˫䣬īɫâһţ뵵¶һĨɭȻЦݡ
Ẓ̌ĹĶɣڼҡңʢ˥һҹ֮ʧʱ˹ǣΪһõš
ӦǾŽַ̹ڣֻһڴ򿪣˵ǣҶҪ˲ҷֺúݵĳ¶һ˿Цݣ΢Ѫ
뿪ֶ۾΢΢ƽϣΪɹɵġѪۡҲǧ˵ľѪô
ЦīɫǳĿֲúɭĳԭҲĺⶼױƵġ
ˢ
˵䣬һӰĵطȻһͷ£뿪΢ݣæ߹ȥ


158 뿪ݵ
ʥӡ
ӿзҴʿһ·Ѿƣˡ
ô£뿪Ŀ΢Ȼˮϵһ¶һ˿
ʥӣظŽףһ˶սˣʦܱնɱˡ
ʲô
ΧһȺ˶ˣ׵֣īɫӱһƬ⡣
ԩ·խЦ
뿪΢üͷһ˿֮ɫʵ˻Ķô
ʿɬ֮⣬ȻײŽ壬٣Ѿ죬ʱھ磬ս죬ֵ˲С
뿪ɫɲǼ䣬ʿȥϢĿԶ֪ʲô
֣̫ˣ֪ս񹬵Ҳնɱֺ͹šǳЦ
ս񹬵˽ֻǲҪˡ뿪˫֣۾һƬ뵵Ļ꣬ʵڵĽȣҪòܴڣ
Ц뻹Ҫգһڴ򿪣˲𡣡
ϣܾͨŽַ̹ڣҺ׵ĶԹĳԻᴦá
һЦޱȵɭ䣺Ҳϣܻ׽ףһһЩ飬Ѱ˫Ҳɽһɡ
á뿪ĮӦ

ǣ׻صĸۡغĸۡ
ִ硣
ߡ
װ΢ЦЩʿƽˣԸ޸ʧô
عصǶԸɳʮʿǰЭҲִ磬Щ˶ȻôӦʡ
ЩС¶ѡײذ֡
ֲǾþٳüͷ΢СʵǷ£ʮ֮սǶѵӢµǿôֲô
̾غ֣˵ҵԤϣһȻʵκϽˡ
غɫͬʱ䡣
׶˵Ȼ֪ǶôֲɣؿЦһЩɬӢȻİ֣ѵ첻ô
޹أʲôս񹬳֡ЦŻЦҲģⳡսҲҵУҲ;ϵġ
Ϊģʵִ粻Σհɣ
Ǻǣзִ磬Ҫȥһˣѵﻹʲôرֵս񹬳ô
δ䣬ɫȻһ䣬絶һۻϢڱһ˿ĽɫѪҡϣǧɸߡ
ЦЦԭ֣зһһ࣬û뵽ּˡ
ˣ
һ⻪ҫһŻ򿪣ºڷ뿪߳
Ц峺һȾĿһ̶Ƶģϸ֮ȴɲ⣬ء
غٴУɫܽš
ؾʣ׵̬ͿԿƾճֵ˺ܿ£Ҳ˽źͽ䱸
֣ðŻ¡뿪ЦЦ׿Ⱥһ۵ȡ
Ŀ΢ݣɱսһʿ뿪ʱ߲ˡ
ԷȻڳһƵ̬ȣҲЦֲԶˣ
뿪Ц£Ŀɨˣڵλϵ۹Ļʵ۰ɣȻ֮磬ֲֻῴ
Ŀ˵ȻΪһ֮ʿǰҲû˵ʸ񣬸οһλ׶ҪضԴǿߡ
ȻذɣҺֺþòҪúһʾ뿪
˵ʲôη޷κ飬ͷӦʣ뿪׵ĸۡ
뿪뿪ſЦԴӾзһֱ㿪ʼ˺쳾ô
쳾ʿҪһ಻ס
ھзұ֪пܣֻû뵽Źȥһ࣬Ǳ˶֡뿪г˿ϧ
ЦЦû˵
뿪Ŀ˸кâ̫ˣ㹫Ȼɱս񹬵ӣĳҲҪֻġ
սɱһ飬ҪɱңҲǷѡĿ⵭Ȼһڲ衣
뿪Ц磬ƶȻü·ڵĿռȻ½࣬а˪Ʈ
̾նһۣȻ˳ϵ۹Ԫ۹ⳡսǵҲˣȻ֣ҲȻֵѡ

ЦĿ磬ЦĳΪӦ֪ĳһӲͷڽңұնλʥӣɽׯңұڶʯʢ棬ѹңĳ䲻ţȴҲֶһ۲䣬һκˣʧˡ
뿪ɫ糣ǳЦһɻɬϢͷųãҲǲģôĳҲֻöˡ


159 ʴ֮
䣡
һױȵѹ뿪ͷų纣űϢգۼ佫׵ĸۡס
̹ǵϢ濪ʼѣռ·𱻱סˣɲǼı㽫˵
ִ磡
Ѿ߳׸ۡغɫ䣬˲䱻ѩǵׯ԰¶֮ɫ
²Ǹ˷ǳǿ󣬾ҵܶԸġֹþӵ뷨
Ŀ䣬ޱȣҲᱩŭִ£һȫ֮ɱǡ
ΨпЦײУǾȫ֮ΣЩͨʿУһ˽ҷ־ˣûʲô
׵ĸۡѩǣԿкȥδٲڱ㱻ɱˡ
ȥǧ֮ڣֹκ˿׵ĸۡ
ѾΪʤ˵ɷʤ˲Ҫһǡ
֣ΪЩϰķֵôڣů紺ɫޱȣһɺ嫵Ѫ籡뿪ѹڸۡΧ
ûѹƣ뿪ı֮˲串ǣ̼
ǺҵһҲ࣬ҲҲϲŭ֣ͬѧУǰҵֻΪ±ƽŶƲסɱ⡣
뿪΢Ц˸߸ϵʿЩᲢۡ
û˭˭֮ϣʲôҲЩ֮ϣ
һȣɱⱩǣɫѪأռ俪ʼҲѩڻһ޴ıڣСϪǽʡ
޴
뿪۾¶ڣſ֮һɢޱϢıգͷۣҪ
䣡
׳ȭɫȭ˺أһȭƴ顣
һ𣺡뿪ɸȥһսط̫Сȫʩչ
뿪ԵνЦڴ˵ɱ㣬Ҳ־סЩ޲ɼĳҲ֮ˣռıˣڽ㡣
һ̤뿪ׯ԰漴ݣڱ֮ʧͬʱ׵ĸۡҲʼɲǼһ
䣡
״ׯ԰ɳһɫâ׷뿪
ĸۡһƬ棬վڻʹߴȥɫĿ¡
ʿзĴô
һ󵨵˼УڸĵĻ׵İΣ
׶֪֮ͬһֳһ㣬乤ļƣȴҲ׵׵ˣں޲ս

䣡
ʮϣһս
ط·ҪˣӰдӰѸݡ
һ֮ս뿪Ϊµ콾֮һսĿֲ̧䶼ɢµܣһܸıѩ˵ظǡ

һҽǲźۼѤĽ⳯뿪նȥ
飡
뿪ޱ֣аɫ֣Ѫڣ磬ǳ򶨡
çç
һӣһƬɱѩɵĺ֣ѩɽ̮һڿϯȥǵ˲ͱû
Ű𶯾죬ѹǧ硣
һſµܶסʿԪ񡢾Ѫ⣬һʿççסƬ̹ͻڻһ̲Ѫˮ
뿪չֳһλĿֲսڷѩɫ˷·Լ֮صѩˣ͸˲ܵĿຮ
һбççֲ̫ռ䶼ѣѿһڶѰ˸Եס
Ҳ¶ޱ֮ɫ뿪ȣǰʿֵ̫һˣֱС׼ס
Ѻۣıѩз裬λöˣȴȻɱ

״𣬺ڷ٣üĶͷųɫâһ޴ĽԱ֣аɣɢ嫻ɬܡ
򽣹ڣ
սһкȻ˦ڿˢһɫĹβ˺ѿռűççնȥ
ͬʱһݺһǳ֮ҵһȭȻ

ķɳɳ㹥çç
ʱ뿪¶ɫ취һ޴ıǽͻأسܣǧɣγһԲȦ˵ذΧ
ʱգ
뿪У³ۡ
һǽԾײھ޴ĽϣȻײý飬·𲻿һ
飡
ⱬըҵͬʱһǽɳײ˾޴
ףսȷǿҶе򣬽ĳն㡣
뿪Ц裬ɫǰһߣççҲӿٶȣϯף
ƣ
˲ޱΣ


160 սս
ɵУɫϯأһƬã޾ı˪Կн䣬¶ӵ棬Բǧɵضסˡ
޴ıǽһ󷨣У뿪磬¶ޱ֮ɫ
°׷Ϊʩչս񹬵һͷڷѩɫѪѩһ㡣
ףսȻǿʱ̫ˣٸʮһս֮ĳҪɱţٵŽ塣뿪ᣬһӣǽʼתб˪ɵıž״ȥ
ǽҵתһɹɷ۳Σɱ֮ѳһӣֲͣϢѹ񷡣
һźܿµս񹬵Ĳ֮أܹ֮صĺԪǿʩչܱء
飡
׺ڷޱȵ򶨣һȭһȭһȭӳҸӲл顣
ʱաһſֲɱ뿪磬ӵ޵ʱŵЦݿףŶԷܺ
ûõģ¶ܶʿҵҪжѪԻӻ

һХ绢Хɽַһ̤ضΪ֮
뿪ΪԶˣ
뿪ҴӲ԰ȴҲǫδҵĶ֣ڸһᣬѰ̳һ
߳
ײٴŻһ˲ٵȭ
䣡
ڱѩдлҷ𣬽׽Ųӡգۼ뿪ǰһ޴󽣹ȥ
ʲô
뿪΢΢Ծû뵽׵ڻսʱôãӦ߲Ŷԡ
ݲ룬٣ɭɱĺƴƺһٺһ㡣
뿪ߣ̧һǽײȥ
飡
䣡
ײڱǽϣͬʱѿ޼᲻ݵıǽѤĽն飬Ҳ̻Ĺ㡣
뿪㲻Ҫɱôձ֪㻹ûʸɱҡ
ʱɱҲû뵽һ뿪һȭݺݻռ伫ȵŤһȦȦɢȥıѩȵѪһƬһǽ˲ޡ
ȭûκεĻڣֻһޱߵǿԴһУݺݵػ뿪ؿڡ
Ҳۣ뿪޾壬ЦһɲǽնҪһȭ
飡
Ŀޱȵ侲ɽٶȭ˲ĵǽҲһ˿Ѫ˵ˡ
Ǵ̹ǵĺܶסѪҺϰѾˣѪҺڶֹͣ
䣡
һǽһɽݺײϣһھѪѽѡ
ǽҲͬʱˣ˲仯ޡ
ѪգȵѪҺڻ˪׸ߴӰ󵹷ɣ֪ײ˶ٷУҲ鱻˿ڣǿֲ
뿪ȻЦҲһľȡ
㶯鼫ǽŰ״ˣԷսǿɼһߡ
뿪ڵΪʩչһαʱܻûʮǽѣϱնһǽѾʧνӮúܼѡ
뿪һ֣ǽХΪģΪ׻һս֮ȹսװѶԷɷˣȻ͸
䣡
ʱͷų⣬ɫâ֣תɾ޸ƵȻŲӡ䲻ݷضһαɱ
ţ
뿪һǳüͷþĲܶҵıɱ
ӡʱչֳһ档
뿪Ȼս;϶ȫܳԽףصɾǲȼҵղٶȼ죬˿ˡ
ߣ
ۿ׵Ѫʼ뿪𾪶Էͬʱӿֳӿɱ
һ͸ɹŭˡ뿪˸ɱ⣬һȻͷų
䣡
ʱͻȻ˱仯
ʣµĵǽֹͣתźȻ壬鼸ûκη϶رգٶޱȣһӿס
ӣʹ׵ٶٿҲûãΪŲڹķΧڣú嫵һٺ
ģ
Ҳڰ뿪ıлҪѶԸսôһᣬԼȻ·磬ЩȻǺöԸġ
̵ķһööɾڳǿ޸
ȻֻǶ̶̵ɲǣƾȬһ롣
ȳ޲Ĺһʩչ𽣶Ϊǿһͨ


161 ˮ
䣡
ȻͷųһɾѪȼѪǿнԼս۷塣
ţ
뿪ɫ΢䣬кȻһɲͷ
򷨶죿֣֮
ţ׿³һ޾ѪգȻһתܴС
һɲǣ־Ӻ𣬷
£γһ޴Ĺ֣аɴСռ䶼ʼŤѹռ䡣
𽣶ǿ֮һֻа벽ԪʿʩչĽ֣ѵ±ɶô
뿪ǽԽԽ󣬽źХһڣٵתĴת֮еı̾ڡ
䣡
ԽԽŽɫâȼѪԼľѪɵĽ֣кĪѹǧɣ
ۣ
һѪٴιѣתɾ޸ͬʱҲٿŽֳĵطײȥ
Ѱʦó󷨣뿪ǿȴҲбĵطѰһΣ
ߣ
뿪ҲŭһµϢһţͬȼѪӹ̱֮
䣡
飡
ĩգȺɽѣŰһ㣬𺳵Ķײһ
ڲڰѿһ׵Ĺ֣޴쳹죬ˡ
Ӱڷ籩ģײȥͬʱͬʱһھѪɳȥ
忪ʼըɫѪǺɣ˲𣬹ؼʱöɾڵڳǿжס˼
Ž壬ʯӲҲ壬֤뿪Ϊȷ̬
뿪ⳡײ֮£Ҳûֵһ˿ôͬĹѣһХ޾֮ȻѸǫ́һ̤ʧ
һǳ֮ˣȻ֪ԼѾûս֮Ψ⣬ҲܶԷһʱԶݶȥ
䣡
ڰ״̬ˣ治ʱͰʶ
һѪ飬һѪȬҲʼ޸ͬʱǳ̲֮ݽߵ
ܴ̫ˣصһʱȬβҪȬ¡
ŽǿĻָҲ޸ʱſ
飡
ѪͷǹͷųѪѪ񷣬ʵʱƵھȻѾˡ
뿪µҾȻЩС۾һԼĲ㡣
Щûһʡ͵ĵƣսܿ£׿һǿƽ֡
ǿļλҲ֪𻢡Ҷֵ˵жôǿ󡣡
׵Ҳ壬һս˼ĺôдƵĿܣƺʱܳ죬űԳˡ
һﵽڣԽʱս뿪Ͳôˡ
뿪˴ս񹬾ưոݣҺнĿսʿԪʿǰɱҲ¡
аһͬʱսǵΪеǳľ档
оأս񹬾һ˽ҵս
뿪ˣ˵صķء
һ֮ս񹬿⣬оشǣֻǻƴȫɱңþһԻˮ㡣
һƻУоһ̤ӡɲǼʧԭء
֮ױټЩСʿЩĸҵﶦŽ壬ȫϹϾǰμӡ
ļƻܼ򵥣Ǿɢҥԣս񹬡ҲǱɸעĽ㡣

ʥӣλˡ
ͬʱλߣ纣ѪʿҲܸܵǵǿһ㣬ĵη
λԪʿս񹬸ǰЭ뿪򿪾Žַ̹ڡ
뿪ɫ΢Щ԰ף󲡳һ㣬սѾȥ죬ѾȬδָ۷״̬
Žɳô죿Ҳɱһλüͷ˵
뿪ͷЦ׵ĳɳǵھзʱһӮֻһδѾҿˡ
źʹ治һ㣬ϷϧţҲҪɱλˡһλɷأЦ
뿪ͷʾͬһλУɳȥ֮ѹ̧ͷ
ǰ˵߶Ȼֱ˵˵δҹζ࣬Ϸھȥɱ
ˢ
׼ǰϮɱף䲻һ⻪һλ˴Ӵ̨߳
λλԪʿԼ뿪ɫ΢䣬æ


162 
ʦ
ʦ֡
뿪λԪʿغ
λ˳ƽ΢ЩСŴֲɵѣܲۡ
ȴû˸СΪսƽ̵ʦܣҲսһʿ
ʯϣǧǰâɣһʱѹ˴ΪǸʱµ֮һ
ǧ֮˳Ϊ벽Ŀ´ڣҲսǿʿ֮һպ
ʦ֣ôˣһλʵ
ʯ΢΢һЦȻǺһ뿪Ĳ裬ȻΪӵġ
ӣ뿪Ȼ⡣
ʯ΢΢۾˫ƽ˫΢΢һ˿âʱԲǧڿռ䶼Ťƺܳŭ
ڲǰųϢ˵Ƿ˽رսѾرأ˵ĵڶڴо챦أֵһʥı硣
ʯƽϸ֮Ҳеһ˿ŭɱ⡣
ǰоӪôãŽַ̹黹Ǳ¶ˣŲ֮ɶᷢܣʱҪ̱صԸˡ
ףһϢȻųȥġ뿪Ҳɫ䣬һ˿ݣɱǡ
ʯޱ飬˵˵ȥɱףȴûе֣
뿪¶֮ɫЦܣʦˡ
ʯ˵ʵҺʱҪǿ࣬λŽ鴫ʵʹȻڲͬ
뿪϶Գһ˿֮ɫЩǵսɣǵӶ֡
ʱ̡ܶʯϵҲɥֻҪǵõŽ̵ıɻȫ㣬ڳΪǿߡ
뿪ǵɶѵ֪ϢЩɻǶݱô
ҸƾֶζѣŽַ̹Ȼս񹬷ֵģôŻᾡȡ档
ʦô죿̸ף뿪Ŀһɱ⣬ɱ졣
ǺǣʱһΣڻؽ𽣶ܱһҲǣôɡ
ʯ΢Цڽ̡ɽׯ쵶ţЩҲɱ
ʦ赶ɱˣھŽַ̹ɱСӣһλЦʵ
ǳ֣ڽҲһʱɱ

˽ǳرϢһ磬Լٶȴ
ɾ㶼󾪣Ȼʼܵ飬ûв͸ǽչ㸡ˮ档
Žַ̹ھǣ
ϢӾ˵ɣǻĹҲסˣǻĹʱڵĴɣҲ֮ܳΪĹˡ
ǸĹҸ֪Ž̵Ŀֲݺ棬һʱ
䲻֪Ϊһҹ֮Ẕ̌ʧ²ⶨǷ˾ıʣûĹŴô˲
ھŽַ̹ڱ֣ʿˣԵһ
Žַ̹һλʥı绹Ҫջܼ񵽴ʥҲ˵
ʥʲôǿǻĹŴɣʥϡ
ս񹬶ΪŽַ̹ǷֵģǱоԵķȨƴƷڣʱ˭Ҳò
һһɲǣʥǿߣΪڰ벽ʥͬʱԪϵʿ֮ڡ
ڶЯʥ򽫻ܵɵļ幥
սɺͻĹҶڳĬСɺɢȴַˣΪƽⳡԵӦֻɣȫʿ
Щ˵ĽɶмսǿƵĻɱһǵʿͬʱҲѹ
һԵȻԽ˼ԽãЩСɵĲͽŸͲᣬǿѹһзԵ
ոɾͬսǰ˵Ҫǵ̡̫
ǵַڵȷսȷ֣սʵǿûҪֵʯ١
һǿĶӸɳǶȥ
˽粻۵СǣɲǼΪĽ㡣

ڶ죬Ҳ˼λ֮ͣΪ׵ˣȻǽ𽣶һλ̫ϳշ硣
շ˶Ϊչˣһƽһʵǳǿǰ벽ʥǿߡ
ͬշĻꡢˣһйˣʥƽڲ߶䣬Ϊ˾Ž̵ıأȫɽˡ


163 
һӴڣСͬţշЦݣЦЦؿ
Ⲣĸۡǰ뿪ĸۡһУׯ԰ҷºóԼׯ԰׾ס
Ҳûƴǣּػʹ͸ׯ԰˵Ҳֻǽס죬һֱǵġ
׶ǽ𽣶ĸǣϷһҲɲòˡշ˴üĿѩ׵ĳͺһһ㡣
΢ЦʦĪҪЦСֶˣҲײײս񹬵Ĵ¡
ᵽս񹬣˶Ȼ
շҲõͳŽ̵ĹַǾأʥı绹Ҫǧٱս񹬾ȻأҲ±ҭš
Цʦ⻰ЩԴ׵ζˣǷ־Ž̵ĹַҲж̵뷨
˾ԴЦ
շҲЦһ䣬Ȼ׶ոɶǿ߾ۼǣҲȥɡ
Ҳȥһʦ壬ҿ°ﲻæɣССǱȻԪʿۣһССĻʿȥʲô֡
ȤϣҵʦܰȻҲǫⲻķ
ɫʦĪҪô˵һڼʵɿСɾʦĪҪҵס
Ҳ٣
ĺƤҲǺû˵ҵİ˵ߵСӣ֪ж಻Ҫˡ
ЦҲһɽλʥƽһģҲ˵ʦѾȫȨƿ˽𽣶죬մһɲᡣ
ϾǾŽ̵أ֪жپ䣬ʿ˭ģ
շ綴ģǻǧϹ¶һ˿ЦݣѾմ꣬Ͱ͵ֶΣ㶮á
ҶЦˡ
λƽʦֿɲƲ磬һԼǴ֮٣ԼԵɺϴ䣬ôʹһˡ
ʦܣǸȥһǣս񹬺ɽ̫ͬҵ䶼־ᶨ֮׵ȴġ
ɫѿдһ˿ŭɱ⡣
շɫˣͬһѾԼС̰˵оôֵǮô
ʵʦ壬£
շһ˿âߵǵõϢɽȫڵĴһ򿪣Բʮ˲ҷ𣬰Ҳ˲Ե飬Ǳֹ
ˣ
ŭɶŭȺ࣬ƽȣʲôȨᷲ˵
ҵѰʦҲڸϸǣϣҵİ취ǷܾŵһƻرɫؿǶҪƶǻĻᱣס
׳ĬƬ̣Ŀᶨһԡ
շԶʱ¶οɫ޵ѵ׶ܱһӵģܺã뿪ȻҲ֮һħϣעɲ˴
¶΢֮ɫǰ뿪սһʵǿȻʮұܳԽ
Ŷ뿪սһλʥˣշ綼۾ǿƵĿס
˭Ӯʵ
ƽ֡ʵʵ˵ûɱҵҲû
ģ̬ܲޣʵķ񣺡뿪ô˰꣬츳ߵ֮һСӲ갡Ѿƽˣ㲻ǻѡ
ЦúɬŽ壬㶮á
Ҷë㱩ߡ

ҹڡ
һӶӽޱĻСɵʿѾפΪϵ۹Ŀ䳤ϣЩС俴أȴҪӡ
վͻ뿪ǣʱһʼ˶鷿ڳȴ֮ˡ
üͷ΢ʵѵɼұأ
аɡЦЦʿǣ½Ԫ۹ٴڣԷոʧأһչ
سĬغžƣ΢Щ˸УҲˣ
ЦЦ˵ǿɲһŹò⣬صеĻϡ
ЦЦü˸һɨ磬Сܶһݣ֪ɷ񣿡
״Цһ̳Ӿһ
ڻʹ˲֪̳Ӿƣʱ뿪շ缸ȥǰǡ
ˢ
Ƭ̺󣬹⻪׵˳Ͽա
һһħһӰϿգ纣Ϣˡ
һССǣ֪˶λʥ


164 
ǧɴһӰţħȫɲ⣬ȻЩʥż͸¶һ˿ϢҲѹأ޷Ϣ
ƺڲķڰһƬƺ޷ôԪʿƽղĴʥССǣռ䷢۵󣬱üŤʵ
ôưʮԪʿˣмλ޽ӽʥϼһշЦЦ˫ĿһɨЩħӰ
ͬʱǵĵҲò˲Ŀ
𽣶ƸʤɶƲǲѾ벽ĹУΪ̫ǿˡ
״ʱ𽣶ǿһŭն벽ʥʮԪʿ׳٣ѾϹﶼܼɵ
һ첻»ĹҲ̫
һλʿƻ̫ˣŭܰƷ죬ʥԴ
Һøɶй涨ʥǿһսȥ⣬ŹǾڡ
ϹþòȻšʱϷһЦһưСʵ˺ӰȻҲһλߣ¶ΥЦ⡣
շҲЦˣӭֺþòû뵽Ҳˡ
ʢԵҪһġС߷Ұɫתתͣϡ
λʦֶɣǱѰҾ¼𽣶иšߺζ׵ͣЦܺѩ׵ĺЦš
ǰ
˲񣬶Ҿ
շЦЦΪ׽͵׶λǴԺɣƽ۽ĳ
׻Ȼæ
Ժһɣп벽ĹҵͷȻһֱܵ͵˸СǵʵΪҪԭǴԺ𽣶ãǧǰͽɹͬˡ
ôϷûôأС˾ͺãɽս̫ԵˣҪǿд򿪾Ž̵ڣʱ˾ͻҷѰ˫֪赲ô
¶һ˿ŭȻɽս񹬵оеܣֻǿֹҲףϾɵĸֶˣĿľǾẒ̌ǱҪ򿪵ġ
Сӣˣ
δ˵ԶһХһϢԶգ۱㵽
һ겻һԽǿҲԽ࣬˫Ŀâ˸̧ƺ
ѾΪ죬ٶȱ׻졣
Ҳ⣬ʥأϱ׸ƿҲϾǡɲ塱Ҳٮٮߡ
ϢƮ죬ʱʱ֣ҵ¯࣬Цշ񣬷ǳòһҲûлĹӵİ
շЦеصͷ⡣
뼧ĹϵԽãԽ뼧ҽãǶ顣
СӣǸϽȥֹ뿪ǿдڣģ̫ˡ
ߡ
׺ܹϣϽѰʦǷĸ֪ҪԶˣٳٰʱھͻᱻǿйƣǵӿɲǼ䷽Բʮ𣬲֪ǰջҷͬΧǳصĶḶ֮һ档
ǿǰ˵뿪̫ݣֶ̫ˡ
࣡
һ뼧԰
շûжϻʿǸɵӣЩԪʿĻκЩС¡
ֻҪֳ´ѣЩʥҲ֣ΪҲĥµӵһַʽ
ٹǰѰˮƽҲҳ׳ĸˡ
Ϳ˳ˣ˻ڰоͷһХͬʱϢ纣
ɫĮɫѪͷųħǿѪǧɡ
˷䵽ϣʱһǳޡǼʡƵĿ⳯ǿȥ
һȶʯʢ仹ҪӴݣȫһǿ֮أû˻ʾ
ɽׯЦһ˿ɱײᣬĮؿһˡ
ڽ̣𻢣
ͨеİɫâƣ˱øӿˣΧ˸ҿͬһհ㣬ڻκθϵǿߡ
ߣ
ߣֻһȴޱߵɱ֮Ȼޱȸ
ĬĬ˺󼸲Ǻ½𻢣Ǿ꼰̫ԩˡ
𻢣Ҫʲô
ǰһߣڷ٣һӽ飬Ƶؽе밤Ҳһʱؾڼ¡


165 
԰棬һǿɢΨҶϢһħߴӰ䲻ʥôֲȴҲƬ𾪡
Щɫ㶼ĮΪ˭Լǿûһ޵еĵģȺҲ޷ΪɵĶ֡
𻢲ûмֻ֣ɭȻؿһۣЦһ˵
缧ԣһжؾڼ£ҲŲôʥڿţ޷ս
׵עܿӽƿĿ¶֮ɫһƬ뵵԰
԰뵵΢üͷܸ֪ڲϱǿдݻ٣һòֶδ򿪾Žַ̹ڣ롣
Ѱϸ۲ڰеĴҲ𾪡
ⷽȷܶ컯ǳľһһۣϰžǺУٸС۳һ
Խľֲ̫ⷽһǿд򿪻лذܣ˺ѳգض׾١

Ȼ䣬׷ХĿ磬ȵգ
ſĿѵΪѰǶһ޶ôֵѰñɽׯЦ̲ס̵
ܵȻĮǿҲӦһƣԲﶼڣĳ䲻ʥˣȴҲͿ̿
ҵȺθɡһλѪ
ģǵҲ࣬ôˣǵǱһȺĹ֮ŭڣ޲ñ
ߣ
λߣɬֲϢȻԼ֡
ģؾŪ㡣бۣߵ
׼û֧ЦѣЩȻѪΪԼ˼˵
Ȼλ֧ңֻвλˡƽˮһ㡣
𻢵һγǳȵϢܷһУޱȵĿºء
ȻܷһλѰ棬ǺҵĶ֡
Ȼƽ˵ţ䲻ֹȴֹ󡣡
ȫʩչѰⷽԶ򿪣ɽʲôǵѰвֵһᡣ
ףޱ뵵԰ڣܻХ
ûƽؿܵǣ˵֪Σ
䣡
һµϢһ˫˫Įӳ׿ȥоԹļλ˫εɱŭ
ףвҵȣ˵㣬ǽ𽣶Ҳô˴󲿷˵
ֵͬҵֻΪ˾Ž̵ıضѣûҪֵͿ̿ʱһλվΰò䲻ڣȻȴһϢƺǱʫĴһ㡣
磬Ǻ⣿면ŭԹĿݺݿˡ
멣ﲻǾɽׯٶҴ𡣡ƺܲм멣һЦ
ˢ
â˫ɳһɻɬϢһţ멻ܣ˶Įû˵ԼҲԸͷ漴Ц˵ʲô
ԣֻһʱ䣬ʱһٸҵȣŸλҲԹۡЦͻȻڵ
ϸˡϵͷ͡
ţǡ˫΢Цͬͷ͡
ͬʱ׽ļλͷʣĸ콾Ҳ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ģաһ䣬漴ЩǵתͷʵСӣаգ
ΪɡЦЦ԰Ĵľܶ컯ûаһ
·Ⱥ˵ִеĴʥǶУЩԪʿҲнõѣֳ˼ӪһȺħƵѲ˽硣
еշ¶Цݣ˵ϹĶӣ
šԺЦЦԺ֮ɫôǲʤ
շ绵Ц԰Ϲôӣϵ׳

˵ģ⺢ӺܲӦ׳Ϊѡ
շ˼û⣬δִƽ𽣶죬ҲִƴԺھͶཻǢҲиĻȨ
ˢ
뿪Ӵ߳ɫǷϣΪҲķ˴ЦؿףֻһʱƿⷽҵҪôơ
ǷҲǡƽػӦȻֶֹԼ˵ҪԼҪλ
ֵܻʲô˵
΢΢һЦ˵ֲؿãǱֵܡ
ã
״Цڷ˫Ŀչƣȵֵܾƴ󡣡
Ŀע£ⷽ
棬𻢵ɫȫһԲǴԹͼʵɫݺݵض׵ıӰ


166 ѰĶԾ
һƬư԰һƬƬɻɺ嫵ֺɽƬ԰ɫʻҰׯϡ
޾֮ӵصð԰еĺǹĪ⣬ĿƣȻ֮Ũȴ޷赲ǵߡ
һѹֵϢɫأ
ţҲоˣƺһͨǹѹֵϢǴﴫģѵǾŽ̵ĹַôѵҲõͳ
˶ԣ׵ĸдѰۣȥϸ۲Ƭ԰Լ޴ڵĴ
ⷽ󻷻ۣٸɵСɣǣһȫһƵĳСôⷽͻȫʱ˵ˣԪʿҲҪޡ
취ֻһûİ취ƿڴ֮ǰ룬Բһҷ𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ
뿪뷨
һ취ͨѰҵۣȷİ취⿪ⷽ
ֻһʱ䣬ײҵȫʩչѧͼҵۡ
ʱֻýŲ棬ʱɫ˫עǰһɫȻһӳȥӵ԰
˶Ƴ֣ΪҲԲҺûˣҲ¾ףɫ԰׵ó裬ô׽ȥ
ô裬̬翴۾ֱˣ˾㶼𾪡
磬ǵһνӴףԭΪŽûôأڿлҪذٱֹ
¶ǣɾٵĵľͬʱһХԴԴϵػڡ
飡
ȻʱȻ
һɫ粻֪ʲôطһ㽫ɫƶȥֹܡ
ôѰʦصֶΣһĲʶұҵ
ͷȻѰĶԾȴĶԾҪǧ򱶣вǷǵΣա
ˢˢˢ
׽Ų첽֮һɫٴδӽŻһһɫĺӿس԰ĳһط
䣡
ǰͻȻըһģӰ֣Ӱɫ磬ɫƶײһ
飡
ֻһɲǣĹط飬֪ɰ仯촷ۣعѣѿһ޴ķ϶
Сӣôҵĳ᲻ݻٴ󣿡ɫ䣬һǰܶ
ģû£
ɫףղһҲܴأʶǰһλΰѰʦȻֻһʶڲٿһУȴҲǱѰܷӳ޴
໣
ģӰҲҲȻȴʧͬʱдһХ֮
Ӱתɫһɫĳһ㣬桢ɰءĹضѹɷĩ
ѰʦҲλĹŵѰʦµɱУȻԪʿֻ飬ͨ󷨱㼫пܴʱܽɱʥ
ɫױȣŭһɵģͬſֲɱ
Сӣ㡣УҪ֡
Ǳ֣һǶҪ군׼æֹͬʱ߶ȫľѪɫѪϯأͬһȣǶѪµĽɫҲһǿƵĳ
ʵʻѣǽƾɹǳѣѰʦеֶΡ
޽ӽѰʦ˵һֻѾȥˣɾޱȣƴűѰɵΣգƻûһɫ
䣡
ɫɫײ԰˻Եѣѿһѷ죬Ĺڵһʱ䶼飬ֺɰػ촷ۣһжˡ
ɫ䣬æˣһֱ˵Զĵطͣû⵽
𣡡
޾ĳУ׵Ĵת˾Ѫٴýɫ绯һɫǿдȥ
¡¡
飡
ɫɢ·һĩƽ٣ѣ·նˡ
׹ž죬ԡѪӶҪˣȻ󵹷ɳȥ
ף
֣
УΨ⡣
䣡
ʶתɾܴ̫ˣѰķ֮Ȼӿ壬αѣÿһζѪǡ
ģģ
񼱵ĴУƫƫﲻæѰһĹֻźȴ޷Ԯ֡
˵ӢΪ˼ʮܲϧԼҲδġ
Цһ԰棬ҧߵȺĹ֮Ϊױʲô
ģҺˡһٴˡ
գɾھŽȶƣؽǹɷ֮ѹס壬ޱ֮˻ڣǹɷ֮


167 ʼ
԰ָȴһƬǽ壬е֮ɲǼʧλѰʦĲʶⷽ¶ԭģ
ˢ
ʧ󣬵ԼеʥǶ
һǧɴСıɫĻبգɢ嫵ܣĻһ磬ôͻأسڡ
Һǳصİһǰͱǿɢ޴ĹĻ֣ƱػĶ
ĻǾŽ̵Ĺַô˰ȴûһ˸ȥһԡ
СӣôƿˣƨƨߵűɫĹĻҲܳȡ
ȵݸһö裬΢ЦģЧ
ɢ㣬һ㣬ױԸм΢Цһڱ¶С
ڼһϯȫʲŵƣͺڵһЩһɨա
⣡
ԶİУշ¶֮ɫô󷽡
ɿЦ˵⺢ӴСͱˣǱľٶжˣѽǺöβʮء
շ緭Űۣߵһöˣǿĵô˵⺢ʮһö費ְɡ
øշ綷죬ĿһâǧɸߴĹĻ૵ϹĻǾŽ̵Ĺַɣ
ɡշҲȷ
˵ĿⶼףʱˣϺҵǿҲˣͬǼԪĴʥͬʱҵļλѰʦ
һλҵѰʦƺܵʲôŵؾղѰʦսô
仰ߣɫƵضףһЦ
ǻĹŵһλѰʦĲʶսѾɱһƲʶշŲȥ˵ɫһХ
λҵѰʦȫ󾪣Ŀһ˿ηףѵ̤һΪʷǿѰʦô
治濹ľŰ
ѰʦǹǶѰʦζﵽľ磬ϧԸ֮٣ܽѰʦֻƾݣҲһˡ
ףһʱϾ͹ȥˣѵƿ˴ǹĻǾŽ̵Ĺַһλ콾ߺʳ˵
ƿٸС˾ڹĻ棬вԲͻɻ𣬶ɱλѰʦĲʶضûˣһǿйĻ¸λǰҲܡ
Цһڳܶɫˡ

״߳԰ֱˣʥĿӿ£εѣɫƽĽɫâƣ赲סһµâ
ЦҶ׶֣շһʥϢߵһ»ޣޱߵѹǿսһ嶼Ҫˡ
ֺαضŭܶһλ󱲳֡յһλʥڣͬʱջĿ⡣
ҳ֣ϷĴСշǿƣֻһ
ףϣܸһ˵ϷŪҵȣŽ𽣶ҲӲ㡣뿪ȵ䣬Įĵͷ
𽣶켴ʹǿҲסɵĹǻĹҲ˵ôɿս
뿪Ŀ¶Ŀ⣬¶Ц׵Ĵ𸴣һץѱعĶһɱͷ󻼡
ûҪϷŪλҲҶλǰһʱƽȷ̫ǿҲò²ߣϣλܸҰʱ䡣
ʱôãͬ⡣ֳһλǿڿеͷһλµߣ޽ӽʥΪս·շ绹Ҫֲ
ҶͷˣʹûѿҲˣǵڹȻ뺫ҳ
лλǰȫҲ֪˶Ҳַ֮Ǹƾֶμɡ
ǶеĺǿҾĿⶸȻޱȷ޾뿪ˡ
ߣ
뿪𻢡˶ЦһĿ¶ɱ
ģַ֮Ūǡ˼ɣĿơ

֮ɢȥ¶ıĿ׿ŸǧɵĹĻĿ
һǳĴѰϸ۲죬ͬʱһɫԽŷҡϣͼȥӽҳ
ۣ
ɫ𣬻δӽĻͱɱĥͬʱһϬĽͻȻӹĻڴڳһ㣬ļµĺն
ҵסһ
ϾҪȫĵȥ󣬴ɱУ˰ֵ
ϡ
˷ܣѵÿ԰ﵽף˫Ŀʱ¶˷͵ս⣬ȻһХĥһ顣


168 ֮
䣡
ⱻһɻĹŵϢͻȻبأľͬʱĻתīɫâ粨һ㣬ɢĪϢ
ˢˢ
ǵضȳһ㣬֮ƺնѿռ䡣
úã
УͻȻúģ͸һ㣬ͬʱ챮ӿ֣Щײһ
âʮ￪⣬־ǡ챮Ǽҵľѧױȵɱʯ뽣ײһ㡣
ƽɵ˶֪˼ӣȴ̫ӣ콾͸ǰһչֳǿʵ
ļӣӢһöӡԪʿпżжĬĬ˵
ֻȴҰ仰˵ΪӢ򿰳ƽɣһǿߵجΣᵽˣ˭ۡ
Ѥ̻صʯ̫ŵɽһ㣬ݻĽ⣬貵̻ţȴļµɱ
䣡
ռ˺ݣ߶оѧһɴСʯȥײн⡣
һƣȫסˣȴҲ۵ͷ󺹣ɫ΢΢Щס
׵ֵס޾ɱеʱԼҲûţʼβõģΨڡ
һɫǰһɬѶĻ棬һ㣬Ѱ˸
ǣ
е֮ĴѰʦˡ
λϺҵѰʦ׵ĳƺҲϾ֮Ϊ
ͬһ򣬶Ѱʦ޽ӽѰʦĴڣҪ𾴡
ϺԸѰϲκˣʱҲòϣ׵ѰȷǿĲ˼飬ΪѰʦֻʱ⣬ֻҪ꣬ͻΪʼԴΪѰʦ

ɫ߾ۼȻģⷽҪѰģɵģһģɹǰĴ󲻹ơ
ֱԣ֪ѰʦǱɫâֲĲ
䣡
纣Хһ㣬ʮӰӹĻ߳ǼӰɵӰɢµĲһ쫷ס
ಣ
ʱ綯ˡ
ɫâһɺȻ籡統һ㣬ŷǷ
һֻǬʳУǰڲۻϢˡ
ԺĲţȻǱѰ콾ɫĮҶ¶֮ɫ
ԣ޺Ȼʿ󶼲עȻ˿չֵʵȴø㤣ԳƵһ
ʢ
еǬߣһɫĴֳڿУЯΰײһӰ

ˣ

٣
粻ͣеıʣٴдɫ֣ÿһֶɽһ㣬ײÿһӰϡ
ڵĺȻֱɫâķأԶŴ帴һ㡣
ǼսȴһԡĸоͥŲɱ֮С
䣡
ɫӰײХŰըһɹɾ޴Ĳˡ
ؼΨһĥĺȻ
һʢ˿٣ϹһöӣԺиˡշ綼̲סޡ
ɹЦԶӵıҲ⡣
սȼҪ죬ķѵ١д֮΢΢һҡΣ漴ɫסŲ
ʢ˿д֮粻ٹԼģЩĹӰסһ
Ȼһɱбסˡ
һԵѾȫȫؿʼģŻ
ۣ
Ϊ󼴽ƿʱȻҡΣһѪǿѾģͼҲȻ顣
飡
ţըķѡ
Сӣ
֣
׶
еͬʱǼǽǺ͵ġ
Ѱˣ̫ⷽ£˽Ѱķɡ
ϺһλѰֿ˵
ûǸ¾ͱǿԼѰжô˰ˡЦֻ
ŭһɿµϢͷųڷƮֲâ
¶һ˿η壬漴뿪˫վԣһ˿η漴ʧЦ˵
ģҵ㡣ңңһָҧЦٸҷϻһ䣬˭Ҳס㡣
ɫȴҶ˵һ仰ˣΪвǼӣǻĹҵĵӡ
û£
׵ըѪǺɣҲһ˸ղŵľȴҲôģɾתϺ嫵ӿĥ˷ɵ
ֻǾήңϾ˺ıԴ


169 
䣡
׸ո壬Ȼ֣һɹɾ纣һԾ˼ʮɵľ룬ӿ׵ڡ
Ҳ֣˱Դ̲ѸٵĻָ۷塣
ǽɫٴδӽ»۵УһĻĻµͼҲ¾롣
Ȼɱг֣𺳵һĻˡ
ģʱڣը˼ʮΣѪǷǳģÿһѿʱ콾ü
ֵô
Ǻܶ뷨ΪЩˣΪ˼ʮһķˣֵôô
ǲ׶綮񶮡
أոϵ˫ĿԽԽ߰Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ֹûм϶콾ĬȻĿһ˿塣
ĹԶÿһŽ嶼ػ壬˹һδκڰʱڵĶӲ
յʥҲʼмӣΨн𻢡뿪ֻЦΪ׼ֱ̫ˣΪ˼ʮ˽Լֱ޲ɼ
ˣ
ʮ壬ʱʱһ۳֮һХɫɳԼɵͼͼɬѶΨѰʦܿó
ϢѾģҵҲ֪ںεأҵΪЧͰɡ
λϺѰǰȥ׼ۡ
ˡ
ЦЦƣ纣Хӿˣʱ϶ѰʹҲԲ
λѰϸۿģĴȻģĲ迪ʼ
תɾˣͬʱʵԴ
ʱѿôΣԴĥ˴룬ҺŽ˫κһѰʦԲ
ƽѰʦҲ벻ʱʮ֮ĻһͨѰŽ塣
䣡
һյʱ䣬ױȫɫѪһҡϼǧɣҫǿֲѪɫ䡣
Ѿﵽ۷ˣҶӲˡշϻοЦ
Żģûﵽھô̬һԪǻ˭Ķ֡
շߵϹɱ׶ȷ㣬óϣ
¡¡
׸ϣǱɫâȻҵĲһɻɬ籡ѰʦƷɣкҵʥԮȣֻѾˡ
ƣ
һλѰʦźε˷ܺͼ
ⷽȻǹƵģҲǵĹͣ۱ƣŽ̵Ĺַǰ
ǧɸߵıɫâÿһζɫâ𣬻ʧ
ˢ
Ŀ⳯ĻȥһЩѾ׼ʱĻؾڡ
صʥҲˣУħһɲ⡣
ǹĻԽǿңÿһζɫ廯ʧ
䣡
һ죬еıɫʧǧɴСĹĻȸǧɵɫţĹŵľһգɢֲĲ
ַڴź棬һؾѰ֪Ⱥ£Ĵţױ򿪡
Ϸһ
һλʥЦˣս񹬵һλߣԪΪǳĿֲ
ģս̫ˣӿ뿪ս񹬵ǿ߳棬ʱˬˡ
˵ս񹬻ǼҵĸɣǷ־Ž̵ĹַȻûϱ뿪׶ˣüս񹬵ӡ󼱾Ľ͡
ʵϲֹǼڼҶսҲֻܲսѾ򣬵ΪҵĸҲֻȨ֮ƣˣȻѻĹҵ
ȻȴҲûжս񹬸ϾɱΨֱ˿ӡ
ƺ΢ǻĹһһЩɣ׶ɸ꣬˽ǣһһδɵս㼫пܻϯ

䣡
ս񹬵ʥ߷ƣԪʿ⣬˶ںˣⱻǿֲĲ
ʥһܻأǳ
λʥѾϢƾϢ÷ԲһʥѹƺƵܵС
Ƿ磬û赲ռסԪʿĿֲ
е𶼺˼ǧɣǿ̹ǵѹǴ˹˵궼սѡ
ȣ
ߴȣһһһӴķɳܱؼʱмλԪʿ֣˿µϢй¶ȥ


170 
䣡
Բ¶ȼ罵ͣ·˼֮أضסˣ۽ǰããһƬ䵽˼¡
սߴһӴķɳһűʱյݺݵײɫĴϡ
飡
ռݣ﷢˴ըмʥֲƣֻһܴԲǧ
ȻɨһɫĴȴûκηӦɫĴ˸ĵĹΡȻ˿ûд򿪵ļ
ʲô
λսϴʥҲһȫһȻûЧҪ֪Ԫʿȫһ״һǳ
ȴźܼ̣ɣԴԹ֮ʥǿ߶ñԴĴţȻʱʮ꣬ȴҲ쳣ҪλԪʿֲܴơ
Ĺźҵһλϴʥ˫Ŀâϸ۲ɫĴţò˵
˽һ𣬹ֲ̣ԭʥǿñԴɣս񹬵ϴʥȻΪ죬ܴ򱬲񷣬Ҳȴš
ѣһ֮
Ҳ
ǺǣʥĹ֮ôϷҲˡ
ʱڽ̡ɽׯԼ½̵ļλԪʿ֣Ϣǿ󣬶ܡ
ٴκˣλʥһĿԷһˣС߶ܴ
ʮλԪʿֲƣϷǵɱ֮й¶ȥ
䣡
һ֣Яſٵصΰܴǧ磬ײȥ
½ʥһȭȭҶֲ֪Ҫǿٱضȭս
һͷڷɳһգͬʱ˹ȥ
λʥִһһƬ磬ɫš
λϴʥһֱܺɨһУûʲô赲ǵɱС
飡
һ죬˶䷢飬ɫźȻһ촷ۣһɫâ֣㡣
ˣ
ĴˣǾŽ̵Ĺַ
űΨһţɫĹǴӹɳĹâ
ˡ
ߣ
һ˲䣬ɵʥˣ㶼ΨҶİ޵еϣ˾Ž̵Ĺַ
Ҳߣ
붯Ҳ˽ȥ
СӣҲȥɣñﱻˡԾԾԣʼ˷
á
ͬʱڷɳ
䣡
Ȼʱһ͵ȭǵϮȭɽһ㣬űŰɱޱߵĻ
Ҷ֣ŭһʯɳȭײ顣
׺۾û˵ʲôжףһؾֹɱ¾ս
ǵһؾʿʥ֮ⶼǸ콾һսȻޱȡ
֮⣬½˽룬Ȼɶ˹أʿֹǧ˭ھŽ̵Ĺַڷһѡ
˵ӰɿڣֻܶǰããһƬλֲ壬һɾ޴·׹ȥ
֡׹ķܿ죬գۼƺѾ׹ǧɣԾǰɫâ֣ͼȴȻֶܡ
׵ĺҲûеõκλӦӦǽŵ˲˾ɢˡ
֪˶ãһ˲䣬ҲѾռҹȥˣǳصİɫâͻȻʧ׺ȻܿԼˡ
ģ
飡
ӿһʯһ㣬ݺݵڵϣֱɳ̲ڡ
䣡
ѸͷųȫѪȫëƺҪſˣȫ䱸ܡ
ǣ
ǰһĻ𺳣ĵطȻһƬɳĮĮѩޱ޼ʣ߼ʡ
Ϯɳʱذ¶ȼȣһʱ̾ͻɸʬ
Ȼ𺳣ȴûзɾ裬һ˿ӵɫſռŲɳ
ַκöҪ󣬶꣬Щ˴͵ط
µ룬һϸɵԪʿаٶˣѵԴ͵ͬĵطô
ˣؾֱÿ£ҲԽغͿֲˡ
Ž̵Ĺַ֪ʲôա
̧ͷ죬һְɫ̫ڿУųȵ¶ȣÿһɳһ㣬ȵˡ
Ȼ
ĬĬعǳ֮ȴһص赲ˣǳ֮޷ݹ
Һ׼㣬Ų衣ײɵذңı󶯣Ψַκ⣬Я㹻衣
絶ܱ̹ǣȻ֮ͣȴޱȣίʵúܡ
ﻷܶӣȴҲĥΪĵطȷû֮˳һǰȥ


171 
ŵɳۻҰ
׼ʱ䣬ƬɳѾ˽£Ȼûмκ̣Ҳûײ˼񵽱
ӺܿݼţǹᶨͱƷˡ
޾ɳдʱʼʿŽ̵Ĺַӿ
֮ǰɶĹʵסһˣʵһ仰Щʿ㶼
˵ʵʷųֱ˵˵һԵñռݣʿԽȥһԵ
ʵķּʿʱ޾ʿӿֺؽؾڡ
ҲЭˣɵӿʼᣬ׷׽ؾ
ʱ䣬аʿؾһھŽ̵ؾڵõϳ˵ɾ䷨
ʵҲˣͷؾмҲˣб׵ҹη
ӽ𽣶췵ʵ֮н꣬ѾȥţһɣΪﵽʥ졣
˵Сܷ⣬֪ؾܷҹηЦЦһڡ

ţǣ˽ˣʱɳзУ䲻ǰӰЩӰϢǿҺûԪʿ
µĹرˣƬɳĮôʿӿ֣Ҳʮʿַˡ
ײµòȴ͹ʿķ̶ȣֹʮʿаʿȳһӿ
ڲϽɳĮʿûȥᣬѰģҸƾֶαǡ
ɳĮʿԽԽֻ࣬Ǽʱڱ˽ˣͬʱɱ¾ʼǶսѪȾɳĮ

һâӺնһһ㣬ȴûбŰɱ⡣
ߣ
һ˿âݲһɽХƿâն顣
ͬʱ
ǰ㽡׳ӰΧס
ɫĮŽһģһû˵˷ֵͬܣ޹ֺûɢ
λιҵĽŲƤɫƽʵ
Сӣﻷôӣֵϲĵ̫ˣһЩһЦЦһھ޵¶ɭЦݡ
ǸҴؾʿɵ˵غͻᷢǳ֮ؾҲ̫ϡʱϡĶԶһսΪʿϵĵҩ
ŶǻҵĶЦˣӣֵܵùˡ
ڻʸλʥıڣÿ춼ɱԽޱһе֣û뵽ʱȥˣȻΪٵĶ
Ҳ붯֣ǹɡײ붯֣ΪܸоԼ߳ɳĮ˰µʱ䣬ˡ

ֵܴЦǿ׳һס
СʿҲҴԲѣԹԽȻΪǵţֵܻһѰ֮ҲָܷһЩ
ЦŴĻҡͷ΢ЦԴҳ֮״٣ǸղŵĻǵңȷʵȱ˼˲赹ˮˣֵͦʵġ
ģ
飡
Է쿪ױϳ֣һĥ̴Сƣ㸲ΰݺݵؽѹڻɳ涯ܡ
ûĴֳɽԶһֵѹڻɳϣƾŭҲֺܶ
ֵܴ󺧣֪ߵ壬꿴ֻлΪȻʵ纣Ūһڹ֮䡣
ͻȻһƺ뵽ʲôɫȻޱȲҰף¶֮ɫˣǡŽ壿
ʲô
λֵҲϵʱûѪɫޱȾ֣ƺޱȿֲħƵġ
ײˣƷ࣬һŰ߷ʮԶ˵Žôˣųģô
һɱڽ̵ĺʥ˵ɱɱˣϲԽֵˣֻ
ģ
׺һ䣬һŰѸղ˵ʿԴȽɳУû˵ҥԶǴĴģֱĿõġ
ʣɫŹ֣ܸӡ
Ҳֱ簥ĽһֱҵܵܵͷأôȥʱҪˡ
һùֵܳ׵ĸ࣬ϲ޾ɥ֮ɫӵ˷ܡ
ؾжô˭֪ǵİȫ͵õܴıϡ
ν˵ǿ֮һܺùֵðա
ΪʲôûɱˣҲܼ򵥣ֵȻ裬ȴʲ͵ϮһǵâҲûɱɱǣշˡ
ʵһ˼Ž䵽ʿԽԽ࣬ȻҲкֵܼǿߣʹҲѵ֣ҼҲǱҪġ


172 ɽ
ģǵ·ҲǲǼȥˣ״յλūһ·ɵԽԽ졣
ʼջ谵Ȼ¶ȳȣÿһɳǹ̵ģԲûһƬޣȥ˾
׿Цõǣյļūĺܾҵһ·˺üµʿ
ȻҲһЩǿ֮ɢ޷ǳֲΪڰ죬ֵȫǶ֡
ʱҪ׳ˣնλǿɢޣƬɳĮ
ǰѰʿ֪ҲȫΨŭɱǡ
׵ĺݣ֪
ڽ̺쵶Ŷĺݲӣǲ
ƫƫΪôǿڰʿĶ֣նɱһıﱻøɸɾ
Щ׻ϣȫָ˰ֵܡ
ֵܺ˷ܣȴҲܾᣬΪ׸˴ºţֱаٴ󣬰ٶͰֱӺǵ֡
ӣǰһɽַ˼գȻָǰǧɽ
һͷ󣬰е㺩ģΪȴֵ֮ߵģһʹﵽڶ죬⻹ûоָԵʣǱֵܳɾͷͬСɡ
ϹлʲôǶ۾ӵȻüٴͷۣԼܵĺ޿κΡ
ͣ½ŲŲԶɽ˵ǲǼٵģЩ۽ҲˣҲ˸ߵɽ塣
ǧɽ弫Ρ׳˾֪жߣɽѾ֮С
Ѱȥſܽɽ۵ס
һɸߵɽ壬ʹҲĹ𺳵ĹżǶ
ɽͨɫŲ飬ԼԿһڰɽǳ͡
ƬɳĮʲôûУҪӹַܣ¾ҪԽɽˡ۾ͳ
ǻʲôߡЩȲӶһأ
ž
ٴԼܵĺ׾һºݵģΪô÷ԽģûӶô
ҪأҾɽܲѰҶ÷ǳգ÷Խҹɾ֪ǳУԼԤв
ٴһܳȵˣ꣬ŸƵľ޴ɽ壬ʵӵ˼Ҫô
ǺǣȻѰģʹ֪ǰзҲҪһԡЦ
ٴ΢Цֵ׷湫ӡ
ЦЦֵҪԼɽˣҲãΪʡȴ鷳
ˢ
ʱԶʮˣΪ׵һλŰ벽ʥ壬һǳǿƬΪ׽аĴڡ
ҲշһЩǰѰʿǿ׳ЩĴٵҩеʿмˡ
ףǽΣǰɽܹ죬ǽ˺ʵ׾ͻᷭԽȥԴͬʱûΣһĮģ
ЦЦͬΪı̫ݣɱ̫ˣĳ㲻ġ
ߣ
ߣҹηѹȻ޲ɼ޹ֺʵᱻ´һ겻񡣡
ˢ
ȻתͷĿ⣬ɫѪɲǼأɫ䡣
ҹ䳾£
Ҳһ˿ֲϢѪҲǰ벽ʥĴڣֻһžܴﵽҪ磬ʶԸŽ岻⡣
ЦȻǶµսʿѵҪΪҹηǿͷô
ô
кâ˵ԤϣϢԽԽǿᣬħŭһ
ûײ飡
ҹηжΪһЩҲǺõġ
䣡
׳ֺ飬Żһը죬Ͳᡣ
˴󾪣æˣǿߵĶԾвͻ꼰㡣
˶ԶĬĬսвǿɢ޺ĬĬȴΪǿʿ

Żһ۶ɢˮһ㣬ܽݺײ
벽ʥĻչֳǿһ棬һŭɳܻɵһƬ˰
ͬʱҲһȭ˱Ű

ܼʮڣһХ֮
ǻǧġѻȭǳİԵ޴ͭһ㣬һжԷұǱըԽ顣
ɱײʱѣһ㣬˽µɳгһǧɳĹ֣γ˾޴ɳ
ȭԿ죬κλᣬ̵ʱڽ֮е
ףұȫ㣡
ŭȥԶ˶Ĥۣ¶ޱѹı顣
һŭʩչأչ¶壬һ޴ĵڻ


173 ɱ벽ʥ
䣡
ϢһѤõĽɨȥչֳ޾ɱϢ
벽ʥĻֳ壬аɸߣһͷ͵ľʵ׺
ŭһ飬һļµϢ³ĺɫס
ſֲĸʴɳ˲䱻һʿһմһ˿̼ͻҷ
ܹս˶⻢ȷֲΪ벽ʥǹܿ¡
ǺٶȺܿ죬ס֣ٶٿҲãҾ޴ĺڻӰΣХѲ񷡣
βڶƵĺɨݺݵغ׵塣
ȣ
ײ˷һȭһȭ
ŻѾڻͨһȭǿһȭһȭһɳأ𺳡
еĺɲǼ飬ȻβŶǰ벽ʥȫһޱȵǿ
򷨶죡
׸ûŸ־սΪܻ໢ǿߣٶȻжԷסˡ
ӱֳڶķأͬʱ߶Ѫʩչһ
£֣ɴСĽֱּ޼᲻ݣɨһ谭
飡
βըȻ
ʲô
󾪣æΣ䲻ݷػӳһȭĺɫӭ֡

һ˿ѪڵΪʩչֵȷЩǿ΢΢һ漴վ˽ŲȼѪһ򷨶ɱȥ
һѺ۲ڿУռƺбĿܣ벽ʥĻɫڱˡ
ϸֳһƣ˫ֻӶ޾ĺɫ۳һ޴ϻģȻɳֱݺݵӭ֡

תб£죬ЯŲɵơ
ƴžҲҪл벽ʥڶֳֺԼҲˡ
Һǰƴʱ˼ʮΣʱӵǿʯһˣױ̨תɾķùѵٴκ£

£ɫ䣬Ǻ嫵ɱϢֱܵ
ԶǿɢɫҲѿԭ©ǣʱû˼
٣ն˺һֺХԵء
𣡡
ؼʱ򣬰벽ʥҲչֳǿһ档
һ磬һش﷢ӭǣǧɴСȻӭȥ
һ˿޵ʥϢ
Ƕҹմ˰벽ʥϢشɽͷų磬ݺݵѹ򽣹⡣
ֺֻ£Լ򵽽ʹҲС
꣡
ɽСľ޴ѣű޾һɨʱ촷ۡ
ڱ޴סƬ̣Ҳһңֺȥ
ףǲŹġ
ŭ𣬵޼£ɨˢ⣬նƬ
䣡
һ΢ԪɳȥҪߡ
һ벽ʥǿߣ仹û磬ҲԪԪվ뿪
ˢ
׽Ųӡ˲ɹȥбУָƼԪ
ۣ
һ벽ʥľôնɱ
˿õսľ׵Ŀôľηǿǰ벽ʥľȻҲ׵Ķ֣Ԫ»˭֮ƥС
ȻмĮĿȻҪ֡
ǼǿɢޣΪܸһ۱㿴Ҳ˲ˣԥǲڳ֡
ֵܻһۣӰһ׻ңĿⶼܾ衣
˭֣һԣ״߶ɾڶʱ˻ͬʱһ裬ȫˡ
ʩչȷѾǵڶת˾Ѫ˼սȫʢʱڵɡ
ɢվûҳ֣ʱһܻףܱ֤Լܷ
׷񷴻˺ܶˣû˸ðա
䣡
ԼһյȬĿɨ˷޾ѹڱŷ
˶ܿĿⲻ֮ӣǼǿɢ޶ĬĬˡ
һɱ̫ˣ벽ʥĶ֣׽޵ˡ
ִ̫ˣСÿѣִ粻ūңūҸԸΪִ˲赹ˮźҡ
ʱöŮһλ꿴ֻʮŮЦȻ磬ֻԲĴȴⱩ¶棬̼˵ߡ


174 
⣬
˵ĿⱻסˣһĹɣͶɢĵϢ
ŮԼòģ˿ԿջһЦջʿ۾ֱˣĴĿת
Ӷ˳ЦŮúƯŶ
ž
ٴһͷϣŭ֪Ů㻹ҪôҪĺõ壬Ǻ쳾ڵŮˡ
쳾ڣصɣֳ˻ǵһμ쳾ڵĵӣ紫һɵĵӶô޶ˣΪȥ
ŮѸһ˿âȻԸ˽Ҵݣ˲ʧϵЦԽˣŤСǰţʱֻмɾ롣
ִ磬ūҸԸźңūƽƽԸź㡣Ůһջ
ˮӣɳĮиҫۣ˿ܹ˵Ļꡣ
ʿѾڸ޲Ů˹ȴһȥǶ֮¡
Ǻ쳾ڵħÿһŮ˶ʿѾܾǵ
ǺǣĳСҸʹذɡЦЦΪ
ִ粻Ҫūϲ㣬ΪҸԸһСŮʱ¶ίɫˮӰ˫һգһգأᶼˡ
ʿ̲סˣ˸ߺԸΪɵĶ¯Ұɡ
ĪҪ̬ǰһԼ̲סˡЦЦĿñ
ִ磬㡭

кâһͻȻ֮һѤõĽȥ˿ϧ
Ůɫ䣬ĵɫգۼޱȣɫķɳס˽⡣
ͬʱȥüҶǴ⣬˵ЦݣףӲƵģһҪΪ¯Ԫɡ
£λ쳾ڵŮӱԶݶȥƺһ˵㡣
ÿϧǽ壬ʹӦλˡ
ϻʲôҸԸΪλĶ¯Ը֮˫ޡһλʿ룬ŮԶݵķ׷˹ȥ
ۿţδֹֻΪЩʿ
쳾ڳЩ˻Ը䣬ѵΪΪ¯һҸô
Ƕ񶾵ǵԪֻһͻᷭˣɱǡ
ģЩ쳾ڵŮһĺ֮ѾԤеλвʿɥŮ֮֡
ӣҪɱŮôٴЩ̣ԸЩʿսؾҲ뿴Ԫ
ûҪ
ɫĮȻȻҡͷָ׷Ůȥļʮ˵쳾ʲôɫЩ֪ܲôǼȻһʱɵǰɡ
һȺٴʼ磬ٴƵɽʵӣǺʱԽɽ
ЦȻѾھͷԽɣƬɳĮѾˡ
Ҳǡֵ

ɽޱȵ棬ɽѾۼǧʿȻɽȣЩʿСһ㡣
ɵĺɫɽ壬͸һɳǵĺ⣬ɽûһ˿ϢһľûС
˸ɽ£оһɲͬѰĺ¶½ˣһܶסʿϮԴɽ壬ԽԵò顣
ʣǳڣӾŽַ̹ܣҪԽɵɽ
˿ʼԥھǲҪðշԽ쵽ɽ塣
ΪǹѹֵϢԽԽһǵԿж˺Щ˳ˡ
⻹ɽ£ôɽ۾ʲôµ飿˭Ҳ֪
ƾֱ֪Ҫ뷭ԽɽѣƳĵһδ١
ʱѰȥȴȻɽˣһѰ۶赲ˣ޷͸
һϢĺϷֱ̫ˣ׶ûʱ񵲡
ˢ
Ϯ˲佫׶ס
Ⲣǰɫı㣬ںɫƺڱһ㣬͸ѵĺ䡣
˺ˣȫȻؿűסס
ӣæ
飡
׶壬˺ɫǱ漴ʧ
ܿµɽ塣¶֮ɫתͷ԰ֵ˵кգԸȥ뿪
ٴЦˣҡͷֵԭǱžһϣһѣܰ·ˣӵĺˣǻԸ湫Ӵһؾ


175 ֮
ɸߵɽ££ʿԽԽ࣬һˣɲڸƵɽǰһȺСϣ΢С
׻Ӱֵܣ֪ѾͷЦǺãǱһɡ
֡
ҲмΪ׵һλˣòƽƽȴһλʿ
ˣͬȻҲǸ齨õС壬Ϊס
Էִۣط
Է֮һڻмǿʿڽ𽣶ԺС
ɵҲĬĬΪɺǵΧڴһСңÿ궼Ĺ¶ˣܺá
ܸоϢȻǴ֮
кָ̣
Цˣĸ˵ʲộָֻһ
˵
ɫ΢΢һݣ۾̧ͷһɽ壬˵֣ɽ򵥰͸Źա

׵ͷѰ֮ȴһסղҲѾˡ
¶ɫ̾ûϵŽ̵ؾ˵Ŀ£ҪԽɽ岻ġ
кָôײΪֻǵԼ죬Ȼ̡
֣Һ⼸λֵҲСɣðһΪ˶һѣֻʵûаԽɽӣһԽɽΣ
ۻԼ⣬˶٣ֵǽҲԽɽôǱΪñֻҪɼɡ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ЦȻλԸ⣬ĳȻ޻˵ұػᾡȫһԽɽ
۵˶һ׵ıĿãѰǳ뻯ͬлᰲȫö࣬ﶪ
ϢʱԲ֮󣬱㿪ʼԽɡ˵
á
˵ͷ
׵ĶˣԼѾﵽˣһָĴ
ʿҲʼѣǿɢ޸һˣҲһЩСɵʿеĶﵽǧˡ
Щǧ˶ʵȴǾˡ
ʱ۵Ϣϣȫ۷״̬һ˫˫Ÿɵɽ¶֮ɫ
ɰڴһ٣ʧܱ·һܷԽɽܵõ޾ıء

ˢ
Ǿ˰׵Ĳ𣬽ɡ󡱣ñ䣬Ī⣬βӦԽͬԵУһķ
Ԥһ۵˽󷨳շȥ
ǳɽ۷ȥʱǧжˣһǿɢʿѾɵǧɵĸ߿ա
ɽܴЩȫɢˣɶ˻һ㳯ɽ۷ȥϡܼӰӰ׹䣬ȫɫˤ㻯촷ۡ
ֻƬ̹˾Ͳ°ˡ
Ȼ죡
ոճз˲ףǴ̹ǵĺƺƵһ㡣
ѰۣѾȵֳȭȫһ
䣡
ûԥݺһȭһƬâ˹ȥ顣
Ǵ̹ǵĺʱܶࡣ
ЦֵѰǱ˶ˡ
ʵϵȷˣʿʼ䣬ϴӿ£ݽһ㣬ֵǮ
ԽԽʿԸðһԣƬʿнʮǺ滹ʿ飬ȫɵʿ
֪Ҫˡһۣɫ΢΢Щ˸С
ЩʿΪԼΪɣҲΪ˺ðžһؾȻκĶҪֲɽ赲˳ʿ
ʲôΪ쫷лпֲѪѻͻȻ䣬һĽһдޱȣ֮ëȻ
䱸
˽׵ǿߣλλϴȵͬʱ󷨻û˰ǰĴڷڸԵķλվã˲ͻһ
ѽѽ
ëȻˣѻĽ˶һɲĸо
һ̣˵ɫˡ
һȺѪѻ֪ʲôطðǵأǣա
ÿһͷѪѻʮɴɢŴ̹ǵĺ⣬ɽХƳ˹
һ֧ʮ˵Ķ鱻һȺѪѻΧס˶֮ĽҾ徣̼˵񾭡
Ȼڳˡһ̲ŵøεѣֻƬ̹򣬼ʮ˱㱻Ե·ʣ£лʿ
ʿϰˣȻƬ̶ûеֵôʧˡ


176 ؾԭס
Ѫѻ޾֪ʲôطðձڵһƬڡ
˵ͷǵصĺɫѪѻ
ֱһƽ٣ɫѪѻ޲𹥻ǱһѪѻΪĿ£弫ļӲԿһλʿһȭʮֻɫѪѻ֮󣬱㱻޾ĺɫǣֻǷһҽб㳹ױԵøɾ
䣡
ʿڶݵľ֮󣬿ʼҵķ
ѪҺȻǵأʿҲܶ࣬Ѿɵеʿߴˡ
һʯӡ޾Ѫѻ֮䣬ɢϢʯӡڰת֪˶ٺɫѪѻ

һѤõĵǧ֣ɫĵâںѹѹиҫۣһնȥԶɱǧͷѪѻ
¡¡
𺳵һˣЩʿоȻа벽ʥһ֧ɵĶͬʱ߶벽ʥ
ʥһɽģżǿܣ嶼Ƭ˵Ĵ߶°ʥȫչ
ɽ³һɫĳɫǣķΧԽԽգۼͰѹΧ󵽰֮ڡ
ڵѪѻ˲仯ҽ
⼸˻֪֮ûΪǰȫ˶
ƶ湥ķΧת˲ʮͷѪѻ
ʥվʥʥ̫ԶѪѻǳĹ죬ڱʮͷ֮мͷѪҺηĳ˹ȥ
ѽѽѽ
ЩѪѻͬʱһɹɺɫıʼ赲ʥĹ
ЩкǿĸʴͷѪѻͬʱɫĳ˲˺ܶࡣ
ȣ
ɫ䣬æĶ߶ʥ
ţ˿ֲ鷢ˡ
һͷǧɴСѪѻԶĽһıɫĴϨ
ͬʱѪѻʼʥʼѣ˾Ĵ
飡
ʥֻ˲һʱ䣬㱻޾ıˣڡ
˶¶֮ɫʥݻˣǻʲôֵѪѻ񳱡
ѽѽѽ
ѪѻԵأֿʼҵĹ

ʱһɫâգҫĹâǧɣһȥ֪Ѫѻ
׳ˣ
Ʒʥұ񵶺ͷ˹ͬ߶ƺƵʥϢء
Ʒʥ벽ʥ֮𣬼ȫ漤ͷų޵еϢ
ȻѪվ֮ˣʿ䣬ڼر
䣡
ʥǵأһͷǳ£ο߶һâɨջָ
λһãͬ߶ұ񵶣ƾҵȼ˻޷׼ʥ
׾ҲгϾƷʥҪ߶ҪʹǾҲС
¡¡
䣡
ǧ˳֣һľݹȥȻԶĴǽ˻ɱ׵ˡ
Һʱû˭ҵңһɹɾݶٴδ߶ұ񵶡
飡
ǧӳ֣ұ񵶱ȫ漤ǲɵֵʥԷһС
ұ񵶷Ĺââ񷣬޿ƥеʥ֮޾ѪѻĽ
ЩѪѻжô⣬ҲжôĿֲ纣ʥǰϡ
ǧâ֣ÿһǧɳ¡¡죬ͬնȥ
ƬѪѻΪ촷ۣûʲô赲˼ͷǧɴѪѻҲ޼£ֱӱâɨҽ
ȣ
ǧ˽ݹұ񵶹â貣ǧƺƵϢɱѪѻ
󣬽â֮⣬Ѫѻȫٴγ˵С
ߣ
ͻȻ䣬һߴңɼ֮ϴһȻû뵽ʥαһô֮أҪ𡣡
ɾһ㣬Ѫѻ𾪣׶¶ޱȳԾͲ˼֮ɫ
ؾȻ˾ס
ʲôûɣȻԭסѵŽ̻ûô
Ž̾ٽʧѵڴôǻĹʱǿҰǾǵʲôĴڣ
Ҳʿֵһκ˶û뵽ؾڻлˡ
Ϣ̫ˣǿ׺ɢҲסˣȫ۾û˵
ʮȥˣδеģûӴѪαģѵؾ̲سô
ʱһʿȻĴУ˷ܺͿȣ·ܡ
⣡
𣬹ھŽ̵Ϊʧ硣ѧǿ֮ʵǿӵܣݶڡ
Ȼǰһֵ߸ʷŽƺķʽûӴ»˼ʮꡣ
Ҳ˵ƺ˳ܡ


177 

ǶôλõһʣԶʼʼԴǧ꣬Ҳ˵λ콾ܹ
ʹʷĻĹʱв۳Щ۴˻Ĺңÿһλ޵ĵߣȴҲܹ
ߣܻѡ
ʲôгܳҾߣ䲻ܳ
룬вϵɣԶǾò˥Ļ⣬Ȼʹв̣Ҳвǿߡ
Եؾл˶ˣѵŽĿӵܣ
ڿеʿͷӶ˵̳۾Ž̵Ժַʽġ

֣οɫҲȻ¹سأû򶨡
ֻ֪̾ԽĹթʧʮؾ˻ˣ̫ˡ
ѵֲԾŽ̸Ȥôĺأʮ겻Ӵȴûѵĳˣ
ɣҲǶ˽ȫ֮˷ӡûϵڸĵ뿪˵ء
ȻʵֲѰˣ
Ѱ
ЦҡͷȻŽ̲δʲôأʹУҲġ
Ҳһ㣬ɫúѿðžһȴĽ֣Ž̾Ȼţһ뵽Ҫ̶Կʹ
ֵѰѵҲȥ·ôۿЦʵ
ĻҲȫĿУȴ״𸴡
ûɵϣŽһʿһѪѻ񳱣Ͳɱˣǹؼʱ׶ʥôܻľûˡ
ǾԽĿռ䣬ҪҳڣǱ뷭Խɽ塣̧ͷȥīɽħһ㣬ˡ
֣ûбĳ·ôԸ׷ңͬȥ̽ܡ
һԶ̤նһλ׳ֻ΢΢Щɭ
нˣһ֧СĶ飬ѪҺܵĳҲûһ
ܣЦλˣĳεºܣͳôˡ
ǧô˵ղѪѻ֮û㣬Щˡ
ԵúܳϿңִҪ׵Ķ顣
˵Ż֮⣬вԸ׷ףЩСӣȻǧˡ
ǧв֣ʿԼмʮλΪҲٻʿ
һɲСƵ齨СɣȻûǿȴĹֲźƷʥұ񵶡
֮⣬мǿɢҲ˺ܶˣʵҪԶѷǧ˵Ķ顣
΢΢۾Ĭ
˼ס
׶˺ԣЩ˾ΪԸ׷һɸǿƵĸֳ֣һ˻뿪ѡǿĸ֡
ֻǧ˵Ķ飬ôҲޱȾ޴ģЩİȫõ㹻ıϣͬʱҲܸõѰѰҳڡ
ΪѵõЩԵ߳ȥв˻׷̫һ
ڱף
Ҳ£ײǧʿʵʹŽΣʿǧǧ
á
۹˸΢ЦȻλĳӣĳλؾһһᾡȫλȫҲϣڹؼʱλҵĺ
ĪҲӡǧƳǿʿĿⶼ΢΢һݡ
ʣԴ׽ǧ֮ΪƬǿߡ
кôģƳ֮⣬Ҳʿؾһ죬һ𻢵˼棬ȻѣȻҲá
ⶼ˽ȥ֮⣬µĻؾԭס
ƾղһѪѻ񳱾ͿԿŽ̾ԲһĿ¡
ؾʿûʥ֪ǶǴ
һ˿ļ仮

ڰʱ׳裬ʼǧ˽е
еĵҩϽɣͳһ䡢ͳһʹã˲ͬҲԣ˳û
ԭΪ׻̰īЩҩΪãóһ裬֮ѸЩ𾪵ͬʱ׷׽ϵĵҩó
ʱ󣬶ϣǿ쵼۵˹Ŀ࿴
ЩĻϲʿҲͷΪ֪˵ĳǸҪöࡣ
ɣȡշԽɽ壬Խ˴ɽǲп˽ؾ
ǧ˺ƺƵߴȥΪ˷ֲһؼ汸󷨡
ͬʱ
м֧ȽĶҲʼҶܽ˴ǧɡ


178 쫷
εͨɽһľۼܿɽۡ
ɽۣ֮ɫ쫷
һ˺ƺƵɽ۷ȥǵٶȺΨϮɱ
һǧɣ
ǧɣ

һϷȥŷɽۣǹǵصѹҲӰΣԽĿֲͿ¡
ɫıѾ洦ɼΣ˺ɫ飬СҲаɴ󣬺ݺݵ
˱ҵĹϣȥǡ
ЩΪٿأǷԽɽ뾭谭ԽϷɣԽա
飡
һǧɴСĺɫ֮Ҫ׵ȫ顣
䣡
ɱǧɴСĺɫ飬ٶȲ䣬ɳȵϷɡ
ɫԵú𺳣һһֹѾǧɸߵգҲȻü亮䣬ĺɫѩźɫҪ
ѾˣԽԽ࣬в屬ѣؾڡ
𣡡
ʵһڴŭ𣬵޼£һǧ೤ıϣƵľͷźݺһײɲǼ
ۿţȻЩ̣ȴûóȻȡ
ƬʮʿȲάǧ˶鰲ȫǰѾļޡ
пʿ磬ɼһߡ
ӣѾǧɵգ뷭ԽɽѾܿˡ
Ϊ˳ȣʱҲ̲סЦ
úܣǿǧϵգɫ쫷Щ쫷ɺɫıɣҸΪĿ£ǸղĺɫѩҪ°ٱ
Ѱۣɫ΢΢һݣͳ
֪ģЩ쫷ǷԽɽѵһأܱ֤ǧǷܰȶȹ
вͻ˴ˣԼп۽ȥ
ӣô죿ǶġٴĻ˶ͷ
ѾͷǱհȫȫ
ʥ
һʱҲû̫õĶԲߣΨмұ񵶣úƺƵʥ쫷硣

ұͷɫҫɰɫǵصʥԵء
壡
һȺ˴ȣڷƱɫѾκ֮еıѩͺɫ޷ڣȫƵʥ촷ˡ
׶ٶȣȻӿܶࡣ
Ǳһ쫷ȺһнᷢԤϵıʡ
ˢ
ǧ˽󷨣һԶȥһͷ޴ڹꡣ
Ź󡱣
׻Ѳ˼õ󷨣ǧ˵ľ󷨼ںһһͷ޴Ƶģˣ͵ؾʹܽ޾쫷ȺС
·֮⣬ǿɢ޸һˣĮؿ׵ʧ
ҹ֣ǰ쫷ȺǵΣͨ쫷֮Ȼֵ𡣡
һλɫеʿĮȻĿ⿴һգźȻһХһ˺ȥ
ǣǲײƴ֣Ʒʥ֧鵥쫷ȺĪķգȻˣҹĳͬʱϲ
Զ⣬һλİСȴɢɷʿһǧ˶һλʿͷһʥǿϢӭ
򵥵ʱϲλ춼аʥͬʱʥҲ쫷Ⱥǰ
֮⣬вٶҲʼѣЩɫ쫷ֿһ۾֪򵥣һСûͨĿܡ

˿̵׵ˣѾ뵽쫷֮С

籩Űʹǧ˵Ķ飬ҲԵüС΢
ÿһתķаɿɸߣ۳쫷Ⱥ赲ǵĽŲ
䣡
һתźХĪЩɫԽĿ£˺ʿʥµķֻҪͱ촷ۡ
ǹӽ̻Լǿ󷨣ֻҪ˶Ҫ
ǼĿһ֧鸲ͬҲ׻
۵ľսҺü׵Ķ飬Ѿ֮ء
˵׾ǧ˵пܷԽɽѰñء
Щԭϲ֮Ҳ˻˼оΪӹһ١
ȫǰǽתɾңһȥ
׶ͷҲ飬ķѵһҪƳұ񵶣ҪơŹ󡱣ͬʱҪѰҳڣĵԲˡ
Ļǧͬʱ֣һɹɾƵģһ۵׵ڡ


179 ɽ֮
žķŰһ۳ļµ쫷磬вٱǿ׳ĶѾ籩ģȴûеס޾쫷Ϯһһ䡣
쫷һƬʿΪǿΪֵסﱰ΢ϡ
ԴӿʼԽɽʮʿȥ񵽴쫷Ĳࡣ
Ҳܵ𶥵Ĵ쫷Ѫѻ񳱿̫ˡ
䣡
ҲʼˣҪͨ˵ء
ǧ˾ݹ˻ͣ
ұҫ񷣬޿ƥеʥ纣쫷ȺȻ£Ʒʥǰ
ˢ
һǵâɨնһƬ徻ͨзâ顣
Źȫǰͬʱһâգںɫ쫷εΪ׳ۡ
ǧʿ£ɫ̫ˣʿͨ˲ؿȴǵĵطûУֱˡ
룬棡
ΪЩؾ̫ˡ
־㣬һʻʧҲܣҺ޴ûȣһŹ󡱴ƣǶΣա
磬һ޴ĵâգΪ˿·ǧ˵ľӳ֣׺޹˼ɵؽұȫ漤
Ҳܽҡ
Ҫ֮ǰûӦˣֻǾҪͨ쫷Ⱥǳѣˡ
䣡
󣬳ұֱӷɳɴСǧڵķȫ顣
λѣٶȳȥ
׵Ѿ쫷ȺұĹҲ˻ᣬӿٶȣ쫷Ⱥٴκ£ʱڳ˳ȥ
лԮ֡
壬ҵȲ
Ȼҵ
뿪쫷ȺϷֵ𣬼˷ңң
ұ񵶣ǧɢɢվˣȻ󷨵̬ûгŹ
ӣѾǧɵУɽѾԶˡ
ǧɵգһƬ羰󣬺ɫٲһб־޴ѹɽƵѹ
֦ͬͬԿɹѹһЩΪȽʿҲûиеʡ
ͨ쫷Ⱥ֮ûԭסĽɱɵɽ֮ۡ
˭Ҳ֪ɽ֮۶ʲô޾ıأҲҪԭסķɱ
תͷעˣͳѾûΣգλԸȥô
ЦѪѹ񳱣ִǴ쫷ȺҵѾΪᱳ뿪
ҲЦǴãҲ֣ȻѾ׷湫ӣȻ;뿪
΢΢һЦɨһף˵ǺãұһؾңлܲƽŶ
ҵ´ܶŹˡ˵٩
ʵҲף׷ǻϵ飬Ϊĳ̫ˣЩжһ
𻢡˫뿪멡Ҷ֣
Щ㶼쵱Ϊֲµ󻹴һɡ
ֻȴûԸȥŽվǳ֮һ·ɨУ޵Щ׷Ҳմ⣬˸衣
˵ףһĲġ
Щʿԭؾԭǽһģֻⳡټѡ

żϷɣȻǧ˶鿪ʼ׷ҲҪһ
ÿһλʿĵϸ֮ҲѾȥһʱ
һʱڣѾвٶʧɽۣԼɵɽ۵ʿ֮
вûвӿ־;𾪺;ȣ·ǿ˲˼һĻ
ɽ֮۱󵽵ʲô׵ҲȣʿʧɽۣϾϢ
ߣ
ʱϣ״һӣǧ˳ɽ۷ȥ
ɽ۲ǧɾ룬;Ҳûκε谭һȺ˺ɵؾɸߵɽ֮ۡ
ǣ
һôܸо޾ľѾԳһˡ
ɾֲþŽֲ˼꣬һҲܽԪʿ
Ҳ𶯣ɽ֮ȥ¶һ˿˼֮ɫ
ӳһĻ续ɽвԷҲһƽƽԭĺڡ
ԶȺصۣ纣˱ڣſһ㡣
һڿУϼһɽǧһɫؾ
Ѿвʿ˷ܵسȥΪɾȻ̲
׼ĿԶҲûϵɽ֮ۺȻһؾǳŨ񣬵ĻҪǿ𽣶졣
ȻԽеĲԽ
ֿɾŽ̵ʿȻ쳣ֲһСľͻǿϮɱ


180 ˺һ
ϼ£ɽȥһƬľȺɽص̺죬ķ޻߳۳ڴϣǰʡ
ӣҲɽôʵ֧ĸ죬Ѿ˼׷ס
߰գҲɽȥһ嫵絽ײʲô챦
׻֣˲üȻѾǾ¸ҵȥ
ɽ续ɽ󴨶츣ӦоУƾԼѰӦض顣
ˢˢ
һȺ˶ܼɽ·ȥǧ˺ƺƵεΪ׳ۣ֮⣬в˶Ѿ䵽ϣĴɨѰء
˭ûϵսô죬һ֧ɽֱӷһɽ
ɽȣҿƺûб˿ɹϡĿʯ
ʯ衢䡢Ĳҩ
Щʿԭ̬ɽʯĿԺܴ
Ȼ֧ɵĶոսɽ㴫һŭ
һͷһǣԼаɴĳɫѪ֣ҵĺŨŨĻ棬˲ܶˡ
ˣһͷľı壬սˡ
˿׵˻ڰУԶԶؾͿⳡս
ɫѪսˣǳ̬Ѱûʲôãһͷײȥмʮ˹ⷭɣòˡ
վǼ˵Ķ飬ڶݵ󣬿ʼЧķֵֻѹȥͷųµĲؽͷѪѹڵϲܶ
һֻ˶ȭͷݺݵѹ£䣬һɹɽˣͷѪԴҵķ顣
һȺѸٽѪֽ⣬ͷȥЩıƷֵǡ
ڵĴ򲻳ʹҲʵͲɱûˣƬȻʺʿ
Ŀ¶⣬һͷڵ͹ͷƱ
ȺʿȺʼĸɽ߾޴ĺһս˲俪ѪζƮǧƬ֮֡
ȻҲ˶ôˣһ֧׵֮ңؾɽһƬС
пĲҩ߸ϡĿʯҲʿɨĿꡣ
Ȼ˸ոǱˮУ㷢ʡ
һͷǧ೤ֲ߰ĳ汻ѣһͷֲľŰ벽ʥΪ
һŭ˲䶳סſһͣضûУΪʳ
ÿ£
ֲ̫ˣ벽ʥľ׵쵼Ķ֮⣬˵ֵ
ǻȥһЩСɽѰɣ޻ĺܲҡ

ԼĶ飬ʱѾ磬ſȵľӿԭƣʿ
ǿʼؾŵ
΢΢һЦԶɽ󴨡Դɽӿĺȴһ
֮ǰ߹·̫νգҲûջǲãɳĮޱߣǳ𺳣ɽֱ·ڻĹ䡣
һһӡӻɳĮ磬·بţԼ˫߳һ˼֮·
鱻ϴһɱ䣬һ·ļ࣬Ҳźܴİ
䣡
֪У΢΢۾һɰɽٶۻƴȻ
һɽɫѪգֱǧɣ˲Ŀ˶¶֮ɫ
ǶôǿѪŽȻͬһ㣬ǿʡ
ӹȻ
ĺܲһ㣬м޵еϢôĿ¡
ĴУǽ𻢵˿һĻϹƻ˯š
ĺڴս𻢵ˣЩҲ÷ֳһʤˡ
ǿ𻢡˱ȻУٽһ̨ףΪʿ
ԶһȺ˹ڽͷӶĿвʡȡӡ
Ǽǿɢޣ¶ɵ֮⣬׵ĳɳ̫죬ﾫ޼꣬ɨˡ
۵˷ܣˡ
ǿóھɳĮ֮к򼫴пܾҪͻˣΪ˷ֹ˵ңǧѾΧˮйͨ
ڸԵ˭ҿʮߣɱĿ¶ɱȵ
ɢȥγһˣԽתԽ󣬽֮ΧðβŽȥ
ˣҲ죬Ҳ
׾Ȼʱ뵽˺һ֮һľ磬ʿʮ궼򵽡
˺һ
ˣ׵ֻܸеԽɳĮѣ͸˺һľ磬Կ


181 ǿƻɱ
׳˺һֿľУκ綼ŲʣȫתɾΪ
䣡
˶ɫĹڿлۣ޾ؾ׵ͷ
Щɫ۳һбƵĳӿ
Ψдﵽ벽Ԫ۵ľ׾Ȼǰ쵽ˡ
ӣǿɢ޶ܵˣ˶¶Ľʺޡ
Ǿÿһж̺޾ؾʿûбȾĶˡ
ΪﵽһǿߣͿ޾ľЩ۳ɹ̬ӿڣǵΪ
Ҳ˵ﵽԪʿͿǣ޾ľȻʥǰֲ˺һľУҲ궯γ˾
ÿһж̺ľһµĿޡ
ȻأǲԴʿԣؼľǹΪ͹Ĺؼ
ˢ
ԶһŲ֪ʲôĴ󴸺գɢ䡢Űµɱ
ɱ֮ӿһƬ󣬽׺ǧ˶С
ǰʥ˰ͲסˣҪô˻һɱڸס
󴸶׹ڿ˸ռ䶼Ҫըˣһִĵâ綶ıӣݺݵس

۵ѣһŭ𣬵ȷһȭҳ޴
ͬʱֵԼʿŭһӰȥ㶼ȫ
纣Ű֮бס˹
ͬʱٵ޴ĵ߷ҵƿź۵ˡ
һʱƣӦûʱס
ʣµǧˣҲȫʥĹУӦϾ˼ס
ߣ
ǧ⣬һ˫ӶŴ˴¶һ˿Ц

Ȼڴʱ׶Ȼ˫Ŀ磬޵еϢ
ұԱһĵâǰʥʱն롣
ʲô
Զ͵Ϯʿ󾪣ɫ䣬Զݶߡ

ЦǵأòٴκˣΨɱ䡣
ӡľ˲׷Ϲȥδʹóұ񵶣ںȻһһȥ
¡¡
رѣһĹڵγɣͬʱһɹɽˡ
ףֻ㿪Цδɱ㡣˾ִУȻʿȻǶ֡
ңֻ֮һҲ֪ٱľ棬ƴסһơ
׹䣬һ죬ȫľԲ磬һȭݺݻཻò˶Ĥ飬졣
飡
˽սĵط˲仯촷ۣ涼³ʮɣʹ˽£ȴȻ׵Ķ֡
䣡
ҽһ϶ѪɳȥڿоͿʼѣƲסơ
ŭ𣬽ѵײûиᣬħĮӾùսȺڵ
ɱ̫ˣ
ûȥսȺڵ뷨һ˸ԷƬ
УǿƥĲһˣĿɨķ˸֮ӡ
ǿնɱһλʿ׾ٻһʥʵˡ
Ƭʿ׹Ѿ֮ΪǿߣһִƳұʥ
ҽôǿƣһֱ㲻ݣЩеʿȻ࣬һǾ޾֮Ͳںĺ̨͸
ӡ
۵ӭ˹¶Цݡ
ģ̫ˣȻû͵ϮǣҺù޵У׾͸ɵǸ׳աЦ
ӣҹղŽ˺һ磬ǷҪͻƣɳĮһԸЦʵ
ţһܴﵽ죬һܳڡЦ
ڵΪѾﵽһ͵㣬Ҳô׾ܴƵģǶԡ
ŽÿǰһѣǴһԽһ磬ҪΪĻۣҲҪһ
һսҴﵽڵ۷ˡԶսѪڡ
۴ϲЦԹӵսһﵽڣ¾𻢵һϸߵˡ
Ц߹ȥİʥװԼĴָڡ
ʥȻˣĲϲԺ޸á
ЦЦԶɽ󴨣ʵӣҲȥɽѰô
ȥЦЦء


182 ԭס
ƬܴпôҲһȥڣϼ籡һƬ˼ɾ
ױأ¶һ˿ĪЦݣɽͷԡ
ʵӣǲѰҪȥδ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦָϷ˵ʲǴɽʱѰǧ֮һɽ˸⣬ӦһƬԭʼɽܷḻĿϲӦѩ˿
ѩ˿һԱߵİֵܺͼʿҲ¶֮ɫ
ѩ˿Ƕʯ취ҪĲ֮һʿгϼ۸һܸߣȻƲ϶䣬࣬Ҳһʾ޸ˡ
ţӦѩ˿⸽ûʲôöǲֱȥ
ЦЦ
ȷûпڵѰҪһ׾ٵ顣
ɽ˸ŵɫâһƬܷḻĿʮѩ˿
Ϊֵܷʮңõгȥһۡ
еǻʲôǳɡ
ٴһϣҽʲôӻδֵ졣
ˣ߰ɣɽԭʼϣܸǴһϲ
һȺڿգϷȥ
Ⱥߺ鶼һ̫ǿˣʵôǿ˶ΨԼı
Խһһɽǧľ˵ԶҲ̫Զ
ʱ˽䵽ɽ¡
Ѱۣϸ۲ɽﲻ̲ŷḻѩ˿д裬ɽƬдеɭвϡĹҩ
˶Ŀ¶⣬鼤һḻĿ֡
ɿÿһλʿĻѰһǲʯͷѰʦ֮ܲ
ѩ˿ֿʯͲһˣǱԵĿʯһʯͷڣֻҪΪﵽھͿȥɣ׾ܸ֪Ŀɽʯʯ
׽ֳʮ飬ֱһλʿͷԸעⰲȫ󣬱ǽɽ
Լǵһ顣
׶ѩ˿Ȥֻ̫Ҫɳʮ֣ҪĿ껹ǷɭĹҩϡ
ЩֵֵĿꡣ
ǧ˷ɢɽԼҲһ⣬ɽȥ
ɽܴ󣬷ԲǧҲǧ׻һöĴָ׼ȡѩ˿
νĲɿѰʦоЦʹӵѰʦҲòȥɿ
һȥеѩ˿Զʯ㣬Ѱʦȥȡ
һ·һ·գʮѩ˿ֻһʱռˡ
ͬʱʩչѰгһ޴ɽʯõǧ裬ԼһС
ǳԶʳˣҲ㹻Ŀʯӡǰǰԭʼɭ֡
ƬɭֺܹдУһȥ޾صֻʣµϸӰ
ȻƬɭδ̤ɭйҩƮ㣬ҩѾŵˡ
һõطҽڼҪ͹ҩ̲ȥѰõҩɨһգӦǿҽ֮ˡ
ȻϲԼʣŽÿһνҲͷۣһ׾Ҫ͹ҩȥ´Լι޷ʮս
Щܿ죬Ѿﵽ۷壬մӾħȪڵõĹҩ󲿷ֶĸɾˣȻвٲҩܷá
ЩǧĹҩ̫ˣʹŽҲܲסҪﵽڲܷá
˵ѰʦɵйֽﵽѰʦĸ֣붼кűչ
ֻԼ֪˸ͰһЩ֮⣬ʣ輸ˣ塣

ÿÿ뵽׾ҡͷѣһ׵׵ˣƫƫûš
ϣؾҪõıأһЩͼҩӻӻء
̤ɭȥѰҹҩ䲻һɹͷɫ䣬ȫڣĿӥƵĶࡣ
ˢ
ҫ۵Ĺâǧʮ쳣ߴǿ׳ӰӴ̨ڳ
ģãԭסˡ׼˲ͷɵУұͷ
Ӵ̨߳ʮ󺺣붼ɣ῰ƾˣǳͭɫļһҫҫԣ𺳡
ÿһ˶һŰɫĸӣϹâ˸Ȼ
һȺµԭסȻֻʮˣȴΪҲ׵һؾڼԭס
ţЩȻ죬Լ岻ͬƺȱʲô
ڿУɻЩԭסϢܹŹ֣ȴǻʵ壬ֻǸоһʲôƵġ


183 丸
΢ԶҶԭһƬ֮⣬ȻЩ֮󣬿жʱһѪ֮綼ɱ
ǴӴֻ̨ڵϣӲʯѿʮӡ
ôǿܶȺǿÿһ˶ǧء
ڹ۲ǵͬʱȺżƤľҲ
˭
һ޺ŭ𣬷ƵĺʮҰް͵ӳ
ߣˣȻͨߡ
һ˫һ緢ʲôƵģشЦһ˫Ӷ׿ͣ
˵߸ͨñ֤һ¶ԾԾԵı飬ԼǱ޸ݸԵľ޺һźݺ̤
ʣȺ޺죬ȻΪ̫ߣŵĸȴǰʥ𣬶˶Сػͬʱ¶׺ݵĿ⿴ס
Щ˵û̫Ķ⣬ֻǺȻĻ䱸ѡ
ûиоǵɱЩ˵ĸй˲˺ܶ࣬ƷЦˡ
ˣߣܸо̲ޱǿ뱾ӶԻһôü¡¡ףƵĿס
ð
ǿȣ״κˡ
ЦŷҲɢһɫââת䣬˵ѸСģ
ȣ
ûи׼ʱ䣬˫źݺݲڵϣµĵʱ飬֩ƵѺʮɡ
죬Ƽľˣһȭһҵĺ
նˣôǿᡣ
úã
˫ĿѵһôǿĶ֣һɰԵ׵Ϣӿͬʱһȭڷڣȫȭͷϡ
飡
ֻȭͷ޻ζײһܷɳʯƬĹѣռ䶼ѿһϸ죬߷˴ը֪˶ɽʯ
ֻһΪ֮ǿ˼׶Իһȭ˿·硣
ϣһӲôֻǻôܽһȭأ
¶ɻ֮ɫȴһȭݺݻ
΢ЦͬһȭסĹ
ÿһȭ֮ᷢռб򱬵ơ
ԽսԽ£սѾԶڵĵ飬һ޴ǧԶ
飡
һȭݺײһ̳£Ӱ⼤
ҲĶ֣ӿó㻹ûȫ
۵Ǻ֮ɫɫâһתָֻɾ޺ģ
µʮ޺ϽΧܵıסͬʱһ˫˫׺ݵӳ׿ȥ
ôţǻˣЩҲǺö˵߶Ƕħӵδءڰ֣ʾǲҪš
΢΢һЦղȻֻ߷Ҳ𾪣ҲûĸһʿԼ⣬ǰ˶Եסȭνǳˡ
ҽԪսǿ丸ӣʿɣٺ٣һǵһμˡ
ףһλ
ЦЦԪս굹ǺܴӣĿȻһûе
Ԫսضף¶Ľ֮ɫ૵ãڼһλˣҲȥء
ӡ
һλ˶ʱ¶֮ɫæЩǧҪ˵ˣӿڳҪǱѲ鷳ˡ
ѲƨһҪɱ񶼣ʲôʸнһꡣ
⣡
𣬸ղŵʱ⿪һ򶨵Ҳ¶ޱ֮ɫ
ղ;Щзֻһʱûҵԭ򣬶еⷬУ֪ԭ
Щˣȱһ꣡
ľɣߣȱһɡ
˵ľ˵ľѪѪ̥ߣǡ
ѰϸȥеԸӣʱҲˣЩꡣ
˼룬ǻۣ֮ףֻЩȴû꣬Ҳȱһ꣬Ǵʱͱͨھнȥ
ףҲˣûǿеԭסҲ̵꣬ģȻûʲô󰭣һ걾Ѿˡ
Ԫսܷŭеľ޸ÿλӶǿռƺҪն
Сӣӿڳһ˺ΣǾؿףЦؿԼҹڷйŭ


184 ԭסı
䣡
Ԫսֳ־޸ݺʮһ޴ɽʯɷ飬ߵʲô񶼿꣬ǵĶ֡
û˵Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԪսǺܱЩԭסȱ꣬ʹ츳ٸҲ޷ɾǿߡ
ȱһɣû޷ԪҲ˵ȴν⣬ԭסǿҲ벽Ԫѡ
ԪսֿԿЩԭסսǿ󣬲Ϊ֮ǿ丸˵׾Ű벽Ԫǿ߿ƥһʥ
ףЩʿǧҪʲôǲѰģ
Ԫսӵ٣ȴɵܸоҲûж⣬ϥڵϣЦʵ
ЦЦҲûʲôģͷϣΪǾŽ̵Ĺַӵ޾ıأӵҪһԵ
Ẓ̌û˵ͳ񶼣ǿ϶бأӦȥѰԪսЦţνӲƴ
΢Цһɵô
̫񡣡Ԫսɥҡͷ
ҲģебأȻȥġ
Ԫսƺһ˿ζʵǰдԣһλЩ֣߳ȴǿնɱɽǲоǿҲˣ
Ԫʿ˼ʮλҲа벽ʥĴڣҲλرЩǰǲġҲ̹档
ԪսĿһͬʮλҲȫ¶֮ɫǿŵˡ
̫񶼵ĩЩǶԿǻܰѼˡԪսЦһɫ˴籡õ涼
գգۣ˵Ѿ˵ôˣԪҲøһЩɣ
Ԫսְ֣֪ʲôֻҪ漰ԭ򣬱֪޲ԡ
﾿ʲôطһʲô֯ƬС˶ˣ֪⣬һ˳
Ԫսɫâתı޼ȻԴ룬˵Թű㱻֮Ϊ硣
磡
΢ƺܻˣʼԴҲûʲôɾ֮Ϊ
Ž̾ʧ˵ǵõ˳ܣѵǾɰǨ
磿ѵгϵİô
ԪսֵԹڳУ֪˶ֱ꣬ʮǰһǿʿͻȻ
ѵν񶼣
š
Ԫսüĺ⣬ҧЩ󣬱㽨񶼣ū䣬նɱһеΥǵʿ
ÿһλսʿ궼ƿţʸûУû㲻ԪûԪʿ񶼶ǿҲϣˣ⼸꣬һѲ߶ԼƺڲһǳҪĴ£Ͼ˼ǡ
׽ͷϲ񶼱ǾẒ̌ԵɵʵɣҲǾŽ̴ԹűС
磡
־ͿԿ֮˵ĲгܣŽ̲žɰǨ
Ԫ֣񶼵ʵΣûʥǿߣ׳Ƭ̣ʵ
ӦаɣֶֿУʱޱȵǿ󣬸һλʥǿ򡣡
ݹżһսѣѪȾ˰죬ܣԪϵǿȫɱ
׿Ц治ǻĹʱĴɣʵȻֲʥ򶼷ǵĶ֡
Ԫս¶ϣɫ˫ĿһƬ⣬˵ЩʿĵǸǴϣǰյӼˡ
ҡͷʧЦҲδأȻ˰ʿȴûʥǿʥֳʥɱʹм벽ʥҲ޼¡
ԪսͷЦ񶼾ûʥδ֪أǲѾնɱһλô
ЦЦû˵
ƬСȻлҪ£Ҫء
䣬񶼵ľẒ̌Լİʿ
ԤϵڲõĽѪ񷣬ս
һȾѪս·ڳ˶ʴ֮ģĿɭȻԶһǲŹġ
Ȼ
лᣬҲὫ𻢡˫ȫնɱ
ｫҪս֮һ䡣ĬĬ˵
꣬ᵱˮǧ
ƬնһдУԼΪľõĽչ

׺Ԫս̸˻׶ԷĻ˫ûף෴йͬĵˡ񶼡
һװ˵ĶԪսԪսҲ֪޲ԣ˵˺ܶء


185 Ԫž
Ԫսײ֪Ƭ̲޾ѩ˿ɽǿ丸֮һɭĽƣ丸һλʼԲµġ
ܴݺ˸߸ϵ֮⣬۰Ƭ
Ȼ֮⣬һЩСһЩǿʥ۰һʹʥľҲ׶䲻
Ȼοƣ̫ˣһЩ벽Ԫǿ߿ƥʥ
丸ԣϰλ벽ԪǿʥľҲǡ
˿丸֮⣬а塢Ŀ塢ƽ塢ڤ䡣
Ȼֻп丸廹ܳƵ壬ȫûиϵ
ǾѪ̥߶ǣҲ⣬ױȱꡣ
䴫оԶҲа꣬Ƭභ޾£ֱʿ֮֮Ķ΢һЩ
ˣ仹Ѫĳͻһսȥͻʮˡ
ԪսԶǧ丸һأΪȡһıС
丸أռţǰ丸峤ΪȨߵλЩǹѾ˲ˡ
ԪսĸԪ䷨峤ѡһλΪǳֲľˣѾﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬ȱܴ꣬ﵽ벽ʥҲпܡ
Ԫ䷨˷ʱˣöһѹ֣ȡÿ丸쵼Ȩ
ǺǣڶȻÿһǻ԰ԪսĽܣЦˡ
ԪսҲЦˣû취ҸʵҲ峤֮λֻλҰ̫ҲΪԱѡ
΢΢һЦÿɷ
¡¡
ʱԶӰն˷׵Ĳ£۵ȼɫѾ䵽
Ԫսգ۾߰еʿȻ¶һЦݡ
׻ӻ֣ʾ۵˲Ҫ̫ţЦŽ͵λǿ丸ӣǵѡ
ԪսҲǺǵѵһԼôʿ챾ӵܲ
һ£ٿ׵ĿͲ̫һˣΪʵЩ£
£ѡҡͷ
ԪսĬƬ̣Ȼ˵֣Σ
ϸ緢ԱЦԪ㸸׶峤֮λô
Ԫսָ˵ʹ죬־ôǲǺջ
׻δ˵İʹջëɵΪɵô
ٴһĹȥҶ˵ٴˣӻδ˵˵ʸٸԶ죬´Ҵȡ
ί²ӣ֧֧᲻˵ʲôˡ
ҡͷʧЦ¶һĨܵЦݣʵʲôô
һԪžΣ
ӡ

ʮ˶ʱһæֹ
Ԫսѵ¶ɫȵסڡ
¶΢Цţһ仰û˵ûСԪսֽС
ǧ֣ǺͳǸǱô򵥣Ϊ׶ôȨһԪžҲͳ
סӣԪսָֻЦݣʼ˵ԪžǺʥģֻǱ޷ʥ磬ԪžҲû̫ô
ԭɽԪžϹ񶼵ģֻǱӾδоᣬ軨׷͸ǵˡ
Ĵָ
ԪսЦĺ󣺡û취øߴȻҲһЩ
۵Ѿ𾪵˵Ԫž󼸸סˡ
Ȼѩ˿ǺܺõĿʯ취Ҫ֮һԪ񾫱Ǿ֮ˡ
ԪʥҪ֮һԪ㹻࣬ԴƷĴʥ
ǰȻԸһԪžϵ壬Ƿḣ
ڸӵô
ҲôӲսѣԭǱžһͷܵõԪžĻᣬû˻Ը
ԪּȻôҪǲӦδԵõˡЦ
Ԫսʹ죬ЦǺãǾ˵ˣҸ׳Ϊ죬һԪž󡣡
Ԫžж󣿲ֻһСɽɣЦЦŹһ˿ʡ
ԪսȻЦİɣҲܿʮԪ񾫡
ɽ
Ԫս΢΢һЦһƣȤСȥǿ丸һô
ԪԵ㡣΢Ц
ԪսʮԭأҲԸ۲Ҫ߶ˣʱţԪսȡر֮󣬱ǰ丸塣


186 丸
ɭ־ף͸Ҷķ϶緱˸͸Ų׽İ
׺ԪսɭڣȻţÿһ̤ǼԶ
ԪսȻֻһΪʼߣſһѪ
丸壬ķ֧ľˣ̺磬һ𾪹ǡ
Ԫս츳ܸߣ˿丸һ崫Ϊ丸ҫ۵֮һ
ײƳһԪսзһ˿Ź֮⡣
丸һ㶼İʹڵҲǶ˵ԶѪ
ɽҲţ丸ȷص丸Ǻ
ʼԴǾ֪ԶϵȻȻҲһ丸壬ɺϻŹ
ȲҪȥ˼ЩƮ޵ĻˣԶʱ丸һдͨߺ޾ϵһ˿Ѫ
ڵ۽ͬһ㣬Ҳ֪ǿ߿Խ棬ϵķϵ丸һǿ
˲ĺܿ죬գۼʹԽ˰ɭ֣׺ȻͣסŲһεСƻժȻԼĴָС
Ԫս¶֮ɫʵ֣ҩô
ԪֶҩĲϤҲܲ죬ʿɿͬĵʿʶҩģЩǧĹҩгϵļ۸һߵס
һҩݻʿϵãҲųһЩϡĹҩһ˲Ϥ
׶ҩݵ˽Ⲣ񣬵ѰѰȥѰҩݣϳһҩݵļֵ
ԪսҡͷЩ˼ǿ丸עмڽҩݣеĵҩǴӻƽģóҩ
һϲҩˣƬԭʼɭڵҩݿժˡ
Ԫ֣Ƭɭ˲ҩݣֵ󣬲͸Ұɡ
Ԫս¶֮ɫŵֵĲôȻʶ㣬Ҳ֪һļ̣ӿɲɵ
ɫһڣõˣ֮ΪʵɿСɾʿԪ
ԪսЦЦȻ䲻ȴҲ֮ˣһ׵Ӿ֪ںһЩҩ丸ȷ΢һɱͷȻǺԴһЩҩժ
ױȭԪ˴ɷ򡣡
ԪսСֹôԼƭˡ
ЦңҵƷһֱܼͦһ˵ţͬʱһӣһƬҩսָڡ
ԪսɫҲˣӺܺûѧϰҩ֪ʶܸоοˡ
ԪҪô˵ĳһ߾ȫ㸸װġ
ԪսԽԼղŵľëǿҩݱ봢ָУвǧĹҩ
ÿһҩ붼Լһߣɢֵǳˡ
ģһûԹˡԪսɫܲãʱбߵĿܡ
׼þգΨԪսһҹЦǺǵˣҾٳֲժҩˡ
лʶȤٲ֣浣ĿƲסƢһͷϡԪսû
ЦĺãںԪսв
ջķᣬﲻǿ丸֮һ籡ڣԽɭҩԽǶ࣬ժһĹҩֵɹ
һСᣬߵɭֵľͷǰѾû·һɽبǰ
ɽ岢ֻҪɸߣȴɢһɹϡϢƺѾ꣬ôشķ紵Ƕúܹ⻬ҫ˸˿˿ĪĹ
ǵôҲܸ֪ɽĲѰһͷʨɽ˯ʱпѣѹϢ
Ԫսɫ£ǹسɽ˾Ÿͷһֵָⷢ
ˢ
һѪҺɽڡ

ٿȻ䣬Ԫսһȣ쳹أú󷽵ĴƬĵȥ
¡¡
һǴȣԭ۵ɽҵһɾϢɲǼͷų
ϢǿɭȻĵ涼ڲһɽϢƺƵޱ޼ʡ
ͬʱʥϢʥ纣һ޴ѷγˣƬĹѣɳĴʥǰĻ촷ۡ
Բʮڣɽʯѣѣľ١
׶ܵ˹
Ԫ֣ϵǰк˺󼸲ұͷʥ
ûмұ񵶣ʥԶⷽԲǧﶼҪһ
ʥ飬丸ʥھѣұֻǷһ΢ĵסײκηӦ
飡
ǰɽѣһ೤ľ޸˸Űɫâճ֣ɢޱȿֲϢвҵѪ֪մȾ˶Ѫ


187 ȾѪս·
ʥƺƵ޿ƥУҲһƷʥұһǿ丸֮һ

Ԫս絶ٴδһͬʱٴαڽɸˡ
ɫ޸ɵУԪս֮ǰıз봢ڣƷʥ
Ԫսֳֿ丸֮˵Ʊðأ£һɾϢ籡ɸߵܾˣħ
ԭһ۷壬ֳȫǣȻ飬һŭڶ졣
ͷųұ񵶣ôģɣ̫Ѿˡ
Ѿ޳ˣ׸ߣԪսǰУһ·Сһ㡣
ԪսһХѵɽº£ղһģһôĹϣ˰߲Ϣ
ɹڶ죬øΪǿ᲻ɴݣױ⡣
ǿ丸츳ͨ仹Ž壬ҲһҪǿ̫ˡ
ϰɫâתѰģϵĸҲ֮Сˡ
ǿ丸һ츫ƷʥŶԪսɹȡ緢ǿϢʱһš
ܲʥҵĳұᲢۡұ񵶣Ц
Ԫսɫ΢΢һԭΪסףûϵԷҲʥҲƷ
ףϵܺܶԸʵ϶ɡԪս츫ʵ
ЦʲôһЩˣԪ򴳵ҲѸٻʢġ
Ʒ񶼣ȡ֮󣬱Ȼȥһ⣬˵ʿͨ󣬱ӵʶһԪսĲҲΨҶԸ񣬴ҲΪԼ֮ͬ޵еġ
񶼱ᱻƷ׵Ц
ΪʲôԪս΢üͷ񶼱Ҫ̫ˣвǿȻ˼ʮλʥͼ벽ʥ˵ʵʤ㲻е̡
ҡͷЦ΢΢ԶȥѾΪһսעʿѪգ䲻֪񶼾ҪʲôҲܲµó֯˵ط̫Ĳء
һս𲨼磬񶼵ʥͻƽϢսǣ
һ٣¶һ˿Цݣʥ񶼾븲ĲԶˡ
ԪսԼˣÿһʥǸɵĳϣдʥǿ䣬ЩɵǿҲή٣ʱ񶼾ͻ֮ˡ
Цŵͷ漴˵ѾΪĥӵսҲãҲգ׳ʥģһϯѪɱѾˡ
ԪսɫȻжϵûӦûᳯⷽ淢չԴ̤ȾѪս·Ѿǿ丸ҲҪ׼ˡ
΢΢һЦȴһ¡
ЩǷҲѾ磬˵ֻ񶼿ƵС֮һƬؾлС磿
ҲУؾ֮ʱֵ꣬е˶ɢطؾþˣڡ
ˣҲųҲˣֻǴһûѡ

֣ս磬ǳΪΣŹɵĳҲܾġ
Ԫս΢΢˼Ƭ̣Ȼǿ丸аλ벽ԪʿڳҲΪǿ֮һǴɹͬЭ飬Żⳡս·ߵġ
á
û˿ԥ丸ǿӹɣڽò飬սһ磬ʱһǿѶԷǳ
ҿ丸廹ǳ˽⣬ܻҪѯǡ
ܺá
ԪսЦھͻǲ䣬Ҹ׶峤֮λǱʽǩЭΣ
Ԫǡ
˰ԭ·أԪսʮԼ۵˹ȻԭصȺ
ӡ
ӡ
æ˴к
Ԫսһӣȵز䡣
һ丸΢üͷСʵӣǾʿص䣬᲻ͳ鷳ͳԪŭ峤֮λ¶Էڮͳ졣
ԿηôûϵԪս֣ڳ粻ǰˣڵĳ϶֮ΪСǨŭ׵ġ
ԪսȻô˵Ҳٶ˵ʲôǫ́趨һ֡
֣롣
Ԫ롣
һǰһ봫̨۵ǧҲ߽ȥ
˸һȺ˲뿪˵ء
̨ٳʱѾ丸Ĳ䡣


188 ԩҾͷ
΢һȺ˺ƺƵһ޴ǳصıԵش
ΰĳǳأž͸ߴǧɣǽǼӲĺʯɵġ
۵˰̾ϵĳǳҲ֪˶꣬ʯʼ΢΢ķƣȻܼӲ
ѰۿԿǳرٵ󷨻ţ󻷻ۣʦ
ǿ丸Ĳ䣬ǿ丸ڳǳڣǳطԲǧסŰ丸սʿҪǿ丸СҲ
һȺ˺ƺƵǳȥԪսǰ档
ȴǾסĲ⣬ԲʮҲǵأûоڡ
ԪսΪ׽ͣʱһ׳ľУӳǳ߳㶼ž޸ÿһ˶ɸߣȥǳ𺳡
ѲߵսʿЩսʿÿʱ뿪䣬ÿʮһѲǵһֵѸٻ䡣
ԪսĽͣһȺȺ丸߳Ȼ򿪴̨͵ĸ
΢΢ͷ丸ʵȻǿÿһ丸֮ͨڵĿ丸սʤһʿ⡣
ͻɳΪ𽣶Ĵɡ
ʱգܱȼڽ̡Ҳпܡ

ԪսһȺˣӶŶ룬͵Ҹ׹ϽΧϳǲ䳤Ǿס֮أӣвС
΢΢һͣűߺȻЦڱǾһλأͬͳһְҲҸľ֡
΢΢һЦǲĶҲͦ㸸λöӣһиˡ
ԪսˣЦֽֿթԸܸ߿һѵá
ɫҶ˵汻ΪʵɿСɾѵõǫǫӡ
˵ѾӽǵĴſڣʱһȺ丸ӳ߳ȫɷ裬Ⱥ丸һǼʿɫĮ
Ϊ׵һɫװŲһĽԸķš
Ԫս˾㶼һ
Ԫսɫ׶ʱֳһ˿ݣƽģȻͬ
ǾǰͦģƺϺʱ콾࣬Ҳǲô˵˭
ڳſڣ
ϣԭԪսֻˡΪ׵Ŀ丸Ҳһ꣬ɸߵȫɢɫâ
Ԫң
Ԫսһȣ絶ʲô
ΪԪҵĿ丸΢΢һЦĿ⳯׵˿ȥǺ¶һ˿ζЦݣԭֹʿˣҲ׼
ףԭ㣬û뵽㡣ԪҲһߵĿɨȥӶʱ΢΢һ¶ޱ֮ɫ
鼫Į׵ӳɱЦҲһôԪѾӦһԪžϣֺΪ֮ҪԼ鷳
۵˴ŭǰҲֻѣǿһЩֵ֣ܺҲŽ֮նڽ¡
׻ֹ˵ɧĿƽˮǿ޹·ƵĿ꣬ʵ˭ʶô
㡭
ŭɫʱǵͨ죬ӱȸղŸӵһϢ
Ҳ콾֮һȻɶʦֶˣҲܶ˼У츳ʵȴӣޱȵѿ
ף̫ˣ֪̫ˣ㻹ȣֲɱգһʱֵģ
׵ͷʾͬȷܴܱҼסҲв٣Ȼ޹ء
ʱԪսԪҶû˵е뷨ͬ뿴һԼǷ
걩ŭͷڷ裬һɾǿͷųǳܱԶ󷨼ӳֹܽǽ顣
ˣ˶ںˣ۵Ҳ˺ɣսĵط
ǵɫ򶨣״ݿĺɨ֣Ϊɡ
ʵİ벽ʥǿô
а벽ʥɢ޿ֲô׸˺һ󣬼֮
ǰȻΪ죬ֻ׶Եл̫ˡ
ﵽɾ͵ɶԸɫĮڷ裬һǰȥȺɽζ¡¡
ƬرһƬɫâ֣Զ󷨿ֹ˻ٻ˵ء
ף˵ǿʦֶ࿴ұʦ֪Ĵо߹һ䣬෴ƽ˺ܶࡣ
ƻǣһɾսƾԪսԪҶݡ


189 ׵ǿ
ֻһƿµϢ¶ˡ
۵ɫҲһλУҪѲࡣ
ԪսŵȻЦݣ׺ģΪԼѾǳ֮
һԪͬʮ㣬Ϊʶʵһĳϼ֡
סҽ½ǿʥӣҲǿΨһսҶֵλġ
˵Լ֣δ䣬ƱǧٱɽӶҪƸ
ɱ
䣡
Ȼ֣Ҫɱס
һޱԸĶ֣ΪԼʵѹԷȻ˵ŽսΪЩ̫ˣԼᲢۡ
ɽӵģĮ˿÷һֱǾɱҪսپ
Ӱ
У³޼ۡ
ţһȭܴɽӣɽױȵ緢һ㣬˵Ŀ¡
ˣΨֱȭ˵Դ
䣡
Ǽ嫵ȭһȭ춼ȭӰаӰľ޴ȭգ񷶼ˡ
ȭ˿ռ䣬ҺйػСǶҪ
ÿµȭ⣬̵ĺʥӹȻ۵˾̾ʵסһ
ԪսҲ¶֮ɫɫúأʿܿ£һս
¶ԸЦݣϵĻȭ㻯ȭǵϯס
ô㹥ôҶֱҪǿٱ
෴׺侲һЦлǰȥͬһȭӰ
֮ϣ޴ĪŻЯ֮ƴ޴Ӱ޴ɨȭ顣
Ϊֹɡ
׽ŲӡȭӰУ󽣹˸һޱȣȭնһ·
䣡
ĥ̴СƴſµϢֱѹ
ʲô
УƵԼɱУҷ˰Ե
ģ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫٿȻһŭһɽȭӰſֲսĥ̴Сƶײһ
飡
﷢˴ըɫâԽҫۣڹؼʱ˾޴ãסһƬء
ֻ·Բǧɵĵ涼Ҫ飬ҲҪ

һҽ嵹ɳȥȫԡѪ弸ѣͬʱһֻƶѣһ첲Զûˣ״ˡ
Ҳİ츳ô
췢Х֮ȫѪѵ޷£֪ղܵ˺жô
ԪսԪҶ¶֮ɫ׵ǿÿ丸սʿˣ丸翴ħƵĿס
ԪұúתͷһЦݵԪսȥһߡ
ԪңҵĶֲ̫ˡԪսбƣͭɫļҫԡ
ԪߣҪǸնˣԼҲ̫ãʦǷǳµˣɱ׼һ㡣
ԲѡԪսͲţֻǲмһЦ
Ҳ仰Ҳ֪Ԫ˵֮˾Ҷֻ֣ԪС
ڵʼԴǣһ޾κˣһǲµŶı䡣
ҶֹȻԼҲΪǣԵӮϡ
״󲽶һƽɫѪգڷ٣ǿʱҪǿٱ
λ½̵ĺʥӴʱ¶ޱȾ֮ɫס岻ٹѣʱе½̵ӣɱңʦ־㡣
ʦҲ壬ο㡣Цָⷢһƽ⣬ӭǣȥ
ۣ
ûκ⣬˱ѣѪգһٮٮڷ
׺ǿƣںԷݣѾһȾѪս·δи콾սԼʵãҲᱻնڴ˵ء
ԪɫһȺ丸սʿҪ뿪
Ŀɨһ㤵Ϣ֣䣺һս
ԪսһЦûûΣֻԪң㲻ڼһǿôսӦս𣿡
ԪɫĿ£ʱҲӦսģ׵ĺȫҶԷս죬ڵʵǶ֡
Ҫ̫磬ʦֿҪˣ벽Ԫ磬ɱʦܣưոݵġԪҲ⣬бЦһȺˡ
Ҷô
ЦЦ֮һս
ԪһһȺ뿪ˣǶ棬ԭʿȥҫúһԪս
ϣ
ԪսȻҲҵѣʵô£ɲǼɱ
Ԫ߳ȥԶ֮󣬲תȥ¶һ˿ЦвɸֳһӰ
˳غǶҪ֮ء

ףζл㣬ҵĳŵģֻҪǾϺһȾѪս·ߵ󡣡
Ԫսϡ


190 Ԫսĸ
΢΢һЦҲ˵ҼȻѾӦԪֺȻԪֵġ
ԪսһЦ˵룬ڱȥҸס
á
һȺ˺ƺƵţ׺Ԫսǰ棬۵ǧ˽档
丸ĳǳعȻܴ󣬷ݶɽʯɣÿһݶɣݵļߴĿ丸
֯ǳ֣һĳǳûʲôΨһǡЩ˳̫ߴˡ
丸岻Ůսʿûսʱǹƽһ俪սȫԱǿ丸Ҳǿ塣
һȺ˴нɵֵһ޴ĸۡȥԪսͬһ·Ϊ˵ſ丸ķ顣
΢΢ͷһ·丸̯ͨ丸ŽڵΪ治ȫԱ壬ʵܿ¡
ֲõ񶼻нǵ꣬ЩԭסǱ̫ˣҪڳվȽŸҪοסǡ
һ߶֪ȫ
丸ѾЩˣֻеȻȥ
ôͿƲ⵽Ž̽볤ʱޱȿֲһٴ䣬Щԭסʮ겻ҷԸάϵ档
֣Ҳ϶룬Ȼ丸Ϊβ䷴ôԪս΢΢һЦʵȻ۽ȴһ˿κͱ
׵ͷһЦ
Ԫս̾Ϊǲ֪񶼵ĿֲģһΣԶ׼ģʮǰһսа벽Ԫʿնսʿ䣬ЩķչŻָԪȴˡ
üͷ΢΢һʵ񶼼ȻôǿΪεûС
ȻֹԪսġ
ΪûиϾɱô
ԪսҲ¶ޱ֮ɫĿĵǰ֣⣬֪ġ
˵䣬Ѿһ޴ĸۡſڣԪսϵ֮ɫɢȥ¶Цݣ֣ǵˡ
׺ԪսϡϢĸۡ۵ǧҲ˰סҪ׷
۵˿׵ĵϵˣۺͰֵܣѾһӡ
صǱ𽣶죬Ϊ̫һĵӡ
ǧʿ̫һлʮʿ׵̫һһٳΪ𽣶ǿ֮һ

ױԪսһʯڣʯڣп
̳ӿ丸Ҿưڷһԡ
֣롣
ʯϳſϾƣһԵͷ󺹣ڡ
䣡
ʱһۻƥϢ⴫һΰӰ̤ʯڣϺͰ
һԪսҪ˶ľ޴Ӱͬڳľ׳ϣͶ·ܴǳһ㡣
ס
ǰ
Ԫսæ
а𾪡
˾ԪսĸԪ䷨Ҳǿ丸ͳ֮һλȨأʵǳ¡
Ȼֻǰ벽ԪΪ׵ĸоԳʥһ㡣
Ԫʿδ󺺵Ķ֡
ףλҲǰύסԪսЦΪ˫
Ԫ䷨¶ЦݣͷЦС
ǰ
ʯϣԪ䷨ܱ뺷˺һ鿾;׽һ̳Ҿһ
Сѣǿ丸ԳԺȲΨ⿾⻹ԣе֮¡
ЦǰˣԪսһʣԼļһ㣬ԼҳԶûôི
ԣԣԼҳԶҪλ丸ͳǳĺˬ¶ǣźͮͮġ
ףղȥϳôԪսſ⣬ֹһƣȻʵ
š
Ԫ䷨¾룬ɫ΢΢˰ҺԪƽɽ뼸λϸղŽ
ŶԪƽɽҲôϼһ￴֣ԪսЦ
ԪƽɽԪ䷨ľ֣ͬΪ丸ͳ֮һΪԪ䷨޼
Ԫ䷨֣Ц϶ӵĶ֡
׺ԪսЦλͳ˻ţûаԪƽɽ
ԪƽɽͲǸ׶֣׶峤һλ׾ˡ
װԪ䷨̾Ŀ⳯׿ȥ˵Ҳ˰֡
ԪսЦߵԪİֲһڳ㱻ִˡ
Ԫ⻰ʹˡ
׷꣬۾΢΢ͳǸȷһλС



191 Ҷֳ
Ԫ䷨뿴ס
ǶôǿƺԸˣԪ䷨˽⣬Ԫս
λһǣԸ£ǿƺͽܱôӵĶ֣ǱȻǼΪġ
Ԫս¶һ˿죬ЦʵܱôӵĶ֣Ǻηʥ
һĶ콾½̵ʥҶ֡״
֡
Ԫ䷨ͷ˵Ԫƽɽĸۡ˰ڣҵֻ֣ǰˣԪƽɽĸۡˡ
Ҷˣ¶֮ɫԵúܲ˼飬ʵǺ
Ԫ䷨ҡͷ˵Ҳ֪˵ҲǱʿ˵ġ
΢΢۾дôˡ
Ԫʿ໥⣬ûлᡢҲû˭ƤȥɱһΨһǿļλп˵Ҷ֡
ѾƽЩ콾ѾˣҲҪҶ֡
кƽʹ½ʥΣҶֹȻ£ġ
Сѣʿж٣Ԫ䷨˻⣬ɫء
һȻƲӦа֮ڡ
š
ͨʿԪ䷨УʵԪʿж٣
˵Ԫʿ˼ʮλ벽ʥҲˡԪս
Ԫ䷨ɫ΢䣬Ԫսʱı࣬üɫء
ףǲǷ˴£
Ԫ䷨һھƣصصͷޱ˵һ֮ǰյ׼ȷϢ屻һȺʿռˣ屻ˡ
ʲô
Ԫս˲¶֮ɫ鼫ȵľֲһ㡣
෴׺򶨣Ԫ䷨ղ˶ԪʿʱͲ³Ȼ˴¡
Ȼǳ֮һʥвʲôÿһɶԪʿ
һҪһĲ̫ѡ
Ԫ䷨ȻҲ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫѾõȷϣʮ벽Ԫʿɱ䱻Ͷˡ
Ԫս̾Ϣһ뵽ޱȿ־һ㣬ǵģ
ţֹҵģҲڵģȻ嶼ҲҪȳˡ
ǰ֪ռɽʲôô΢΢̾Ϣһʵ
ڽ̡Ԫ䷨˵
ǺǣٶȻ죬ô̵ʱھڳվ˽ŸĿ΢иֳһΨҶӰǽڽ̵ʥӽ𻢡
Ԫս˿Ե磬ôǿ̼ͱ߸ˣǿ߽Ҫ丸峼ǾҪô

ǰ㣬Ϊʿū
Ԫ䷨ԼĶӣͻտһ죬Һͼλֳһ취
ʲô취
ˡ
Ԫ䷨ﻺ³֣Ŀ΢һЩƽؿס
׶ˡ
Сʿ̳Ӧһ֮ɣԪ䷨ʵ
׵ͷǰʤ丸ɽѣһͬԸ񶼣ϣѰرнꡣ
أҪ㹻棬ϾʿԲ޴ãҪ񶼵޾ء
Ԫ䷨ЦСѹǴˡ
ҲЦ󷽳Ӧ׼׷Ԫƽɽһʤ󷽱Ҷ½̽Ѱɡ
Ԫ䷨ͷǵģΨһ뵽İ취ǰֻܽѣһΪūۡ
ǰֻϣԸΪ峤ɡ΢΢һЦҶһҰĶҺܷļһԪƽɽˣ뻢ıƤǿ丸½̽ˣôǵ³廹Ҫҡ
Ԫ䷨ɫ΢΢һ
ЦǰģһᾡȫΪ峤ġ
ԪսĬƬ̣ʵȻʶҲ֪Ȼ̰ȴ䣬ֻҹǰ뷨ôִūǿ丸壬ֵΣ
ܡƽش
šԪսĬƬ̣صصͷ
Ԫ䷨ԼĶӣֿɫƽʿףȻЦȻˣұ㾡һԣȥһ峤֮λ
ףÿһξѡ峤ҪܾãˣǻҪǸֿô
Ԫ䷨ҡͷ͵Ǹ⣬ɶһȻͿʤ峤
⣿Ԫսʵ

Ԫ䷨ıʱ򣬱ǵһɽȻͷų⡣
ɽ屻ͿˣԪƽɽչ֮أЩסһˣһȫԡѪȻǿʿ
ʿ֣Ҷ֣
䣡
һ㣬ɽ嶸Ȼ䱬ѣɽʯɣһɻذıŰϢء
޾̳Уһλ޾Ű֮ɫˣ߳
Ҷ֣أ


192 Ѳ
һɽһϢǶΪ𾪣Ϣһͷħһ㣬Щ¸ҵĿ丸Щ
Ԫƽɽɽ屻׷飬ؼʱ˾޴ãûйֻɽˣһֶûС
벽ԪĺҶһЦ˫ɱⱩǣǻôһҼˣұɱǳڵʿ
ŵŵš
ʱмǿ׳Ŀ丸ԶΪ֮˼Ϊǿ׳нɣɢľԪ䷨һҲһλﵽ벽Ԫ۷ǿ丸
ǱǵͳԪƽɽ丸ȨƵ֮һ
ԪƽɽĶԪңϴſϲ֮ɫҶֳغǰܵͿֻˡ
ϲҶֳأҶֽ벽Ԫֻ²úͿԳΪʥʦˡ
ԪҹЦһ˿ֺá
Ҷ΢΢һЦȭԪƽɽǰŲʬҰ⡣
ڵһӣԪƽɽҪ֪ԼţôϵЦƱزôá
ôһħıƤһյ顣
ҶСѿˣǿ丸ҶСԼҶС½֦ͬҶСѽѣҲǿ丸¡
ԪƽɽܿûаڳļӣսҪס丸峬Ȼĵλͱʿá

ǰ֮һ䣬Ȼڽˣʮ˳Ϊū
Ҷ֪丸ǿ֮ãЦ
ֻҪʦųϵ½ϻԿ丸лԵĴȫս
ţСʦȥˣǰҶֳص˺ܶ࣬лвʿһЩ׷ʿһȦûпӰ
ԪҶʱ¶֮ɫҶֱ֣ɱˡ
ˢ
һĿ⿴ԪңҶɫ࣬ǹɱŰ֮ҪͲסˣһɿԻپŰϢһţɫ䡣
ԪƽɽҲ΢΢һüͷкȻһ˿ͷ
ɷ̫أʿ˾ǶǴֻѾߵһҲݲٺڡ
˭ɱҶ⣬Է޹˼ɱˣֱˣԼϺһ򿴵úء
һ׵ʿҶһ˿ڶǡԪҼæ˵۽¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ҷǿµʵ֪˵ɱɱԪսԪ䷨Ҳס
䣡
һޱȿµɱѿգ޾Ϣˣ㶼󺧵ؿҶ֡
ԪҲú˼¶֮ɫ
ΨԪƽɽüͷԽΪ˽˲£пܸ丸֮֡
Ǻǣû뵽ǽ֣ȻҲʡȴҺܶ๦򰡡
ҶЦɱֱĶ΢΢ҾԪƽɽ˵ˣֻʦܱɱɱһʱԿơ
ԪƽɽѹвͷЦ֮飬˱ɱ
Ҷ̾κСʦţȴɱƬСڣΪֻһкĿȥʦų
ԪҴϲæԪսСڶǣҶ뱨ҿԴ·
ð
ҶЦĺ᣺ѵüѣȥɰɡ

䣡
ʱǿϢԶһԶңң丸ӽȫԱҵһͬȥϮɱʿ
Ż£ӰԶڰУϺͰ
ߣ
ߣ
丸岿󣬰в֪жٰ벽ԪʿߣеĿ丸ʿҲ¶ߺͳӵı顣
Ԫƽɽɫ࣬Ŀ׺ݵĿ⣬ֿЦƺе˺ܼɵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵǰ˱񶼵ʿɣ
ţ񶼵Ѳߡ
ҶĿһŰһţЦãվ֤ڵΪ
ԪƽɽӴ󾪣ԪҸǾҶ֣Ҫǳ֡
šҶֵͷ
ǡ
ģЩϼһԹ˲Ͼǿ丸½̽ˣȻҪ񶼾ˡ
Ҷ˵ǰȥƽؿ򶫳Ƿ򣺡ףҲְɡ

Ѳߵĵ䣬Ԫ䷨ıͲܵǿϢɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
񶼵ѲߡԪսЦսⰻȻĿ˸ų֮ɫ


193 
¶Ȼ֮ɫֲԸɫôѿԭˡ
߰ɡ
վɡ
ԪսһʵҪȥʲô
ЦЦ˵ȥɱѲͿɲܶñȥ
Ԫ䷨Ȼǵ֮Ҳŵˡ
ɱѲߣǴǱ׷ǣ䡣
֣Ⱥ˻ǲҶѲ߶ֵģҲЦ񶼵Ļ̫ʢͷûСԪսҡͷЦΡ
Ԫ䷨΢üͷĿһȻȻߣȥɱѲߡ
סԪս󾪡
Ԫ䷨ȻСѵɽˣô丸Ҳ񶼾ˣǾͶһѣϣЩԪʿԵ߸񶼡
ЦԪֵĺ׳־ȥˡ
ԪսĿĿҲһ˿׹⣺˵òڼ첻µز£ȻѾ񶼷Ŀֺαȥ˼ǵ뷨
ʵʹǲ֣Ҳ˳ֶԸѲߵġЦЦζ
ֿеҶôԪսʵ
ЦЦͷ˵ղҶѾˣԸȻȥɱѲߡ
Ԫ䷨ܹϣԱ߳ʯݣ˵Ȼˣݹ;ͲñǸռˡ

ǳصĽֲֵӰȫɫУűͷֻһ˫ĮĿ档
丸ôĵӣֵôãǾȻӭӣѵҪ췴ô
һ˱ȣֳһ˺ɫìһ纣Ϣ
췴Σ񶼵ʩūʮ꣬ջȥڻңȻԹ˲ϾҲˡ
һȺ˳ڽֵϣͬʱһȺ丸սʿɢˣԪƽɽҶֳ
丸սʿȣҶԵúܰСǹɾϢΪǿʢġ
Ѳ߼ͷűصɱϿա
һȵ丸壬ǾȻҹʿҪ췴ɡ
ǿ丸ձҪˡӽֵһ࣬һȺ
Ϊ׵Ԫ䷨ˡ
װºڷһȾ紿һ㣬ɢЦݣŲԵġ
Ҷûȥ߿еѲߣ׳ʱ˫Ӳ΢΢һĿһ˿޷صĲбײС
֣þòˡҶЦŰ״к
ЦҲû̫ãѡ
ҶҲЦڳһܲ飬λѻҿ֮
ЦЦʵǰҶֱ˴ˣҲ֪λֳ֡
Ҷ΢΢ߣЦԵһЩĮȻֹˣǻԡ
׻Ȼԭڵĺʥӡ
ǻ˺ܿ£ϺʱѾ֪ҲûϵսôĿֲҶҲǶ֡
ֻǡ
Ҷȴûɱᵽļһͻڴﵽ벽Ԫ硣
ȻҶڵľΪǵԵսûаգȫûһ˿ա
˵ĽλѲߴŭһ˶еĳìµϢԣ丸嵨ҹʿǾ֮Զˡ
Ԫ䷨߳бȥƽ˵ȻˣնǼ졣
ߣ
ѲߺܹϣȻ丸Ҫ񶼣ǻѰ·
ȻǶǰ벽Ԫʿ丸Ҳаλ벽Ԫ׺ҶһͲǡ
ձ˵벽Ԫʹ״ʥҲҪޡ
丸ûгˣ뿴һ׺Ҷֵʵ
ѡʿˣҲž޴ѹԪ䷨ԪƽɽҪһ
񶼾ѿԣȳֵĲǿ丸壬л͵ʹʿҲԱ硣
ʿȿ丸Ҫ񶼷Ŀҿ丸Ҳûȳ
ϺȻһֱϣ޲ɱ˶Է˿̵˼ȴһ¡
ˢ
һɫӰһɫӰͬʱգסѲߡ
䣡
׾ͷԼѪɫѪ糤Ƶĺب񷣬˺Ѿ丸սʿľ
סһˣЦȻˣαżߡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҷ¶Цݣޱ޼ʵıŰԵأħ
Ҳסһˣ¶ڰɭȻһЦô֮Ҫˡ
Ѳ߾㶼ŭʱǸ߸ϣʹҲҪ񣬲ȴڿ丸ǳڱΧɱ

Ѳͬʱȣͬʱ֡
ˡ
׶ԵеѲߴȣһ˫ӱ飬һгǹױȵɱ


194 սѲ
ɱ
ɫеѲ߿бȣô΢й󷨱ǳأһȴȥѰɵ档
丸սʿڵϹսѲ˽ʱԪ䷨Ԫƽɽ໥һۡ
Ĳʼ˰
һ¹ؿ丸ĺģʽĻ
׶ԾѲߺǿһ纣ХɱϯʮأǹһǧӰƵɱס
ɫƽһɽӰսһ񶼵ʿԾֻһλ벽Ԫʿ
ž
һƻɫƺȥŻƶ޼᲻ݣݺݵؾڳìϡ
ѲЦһȻѾ죬ȴûлıС
ìǰʥĲɣÿһλѲ߶Ϥĸ֣ע˺ܶѪΪ䡣
ѲߵʵҪȵ뿪ҪǿһЩʵǣͲǶ֡
䣡
Ѳ߷ЦеĳìһɫһɼʢȻǳϿա
̫߾ǹ
·Ԫ䷨ɫأһźֲֵ̫֮ܿܶͬһͬס
ޱȵ֮ϯգһ벽Ԫʿȫ֣ɲǼɫâգ׸סˡ
СѪڣһһ㣬Ѫǿʢֻ֣̫֮ǡÿԿѪʢʿܽհѪ
Ԫ䷨ɫأͳü¶һ˿ɫ
ԪսɫƽĿ㣺ִı󶯣ȻѲ߶Ծʤ֮ҷġ

ޱߵ̫֮ڣ׵ȷܵѹƣԷȻҲս֮ǳϵʩչ̫֮ѹסԼ
Ѳɱгìûǧ֮ƽ
һɫâ籡һ㣬ɱס
ѲߵĿ⣬¶ޱɭȻŵЦݡ
ǡ̫߾ǹ޿ƥУǵһλ̫֮ɱʿԽѪʢʿܵ˺Խ
ȣ
ĿһƬ⣬Ȼ壬ɫɫĥһ㣬ӲԷɱС
䣡
Կ죬ޱߵ̫֮ѸٽּʮУÿһжѣ֮
׹Ȼǿ̫֮Ҳ·磬Ѫʢ˾ȡԪ䷨üͷչƸղǰˡ
ԪսЦģܻɱѲߡ
飡
׵ɽƵڳìϣʥĵһζԿ
һɼ䡢ֲɱӳìϴͬʱìѲзɿתΧγһתС
һ˿˿̫֮ޱߵĺɫ۵֮ڣγһֲĺڶ
䣡
ڶ޴ԼٶȽ׵ѪսȥȻޡ
ã̫ڶѲҪסɢȥԪ䷨пȥʱ
ڶԽԽɲǼֱмʮɣһƽɫѪ壬뵽ޱߵ̫ڶڡ
ʿ뱾ΪǲѲЦĿޱȡ
֣֮
ɫƽǧۣ޴Ľ֣翪ٵذ㳯ڶնȥ
ɵ֣֮Īֱӱնһɵۣһɹ˳糤գ˼𺳵Ӿܡ
̫ڶҪҵѪôǺãұȫ㣬Ƿθڡ
׺ڷ裬һֺ֮ɱȥ췢һХ죬޵е
ңԶ޾ǳ֮۶಻ӿڡ
ڽʸߣǧɳѪᴩ˲񷣬ĮȻһȭݺݻ

쳹أŻҵػ֮ңӦһ̫ڶ
ѲߵĿ⣬¶ޱȼɵ֮ɫ
ʿлҪֲʮٱ
ݲ룬޴̫ڶֺ֮ӰɲǼ֧飬һ̫̻֮һɢȥɢ
ʱ׶ˣ
ָ罣Ƴնȥһ޴ĽָƷͱɰɴСɨѨһնѲߡ
ħȭ
Ѳߴȣʩչһǿ
һȭΪĵļʮڱߵһƬҰףһɽȭӭ׵Ľ⡣
ȭɢ䡢ֲɱҺܲѰѰۿȥȻȭ˵Ļɣۺһͷųµ
񶼵ܹռ˵꣬ȻҲԲɼȥ˵ǣǲɼ֮뼺һаķ
ȻŽ̹ȻаţĻȥǿѵͲ±ô
ǻҰɫȭռֱӱҳһƬޣһɹɢȥŰһ㣬Գޱȿֲɱ


195 ʥ
ȣ
Ѳûа֣ٴδȣϵֱµ飬ͬҲһͬѡ
¶һƽȴޱаס
䣡
ٴγ֣һȭһȭҰɫӿһ˲һȭ
ߣһҰɫȭХأɢ˼ѵϢ
һһɱףǲпɱУǾۼȭǳĿº͡
ҰɫǦһ㣬ѹ·丸սʿ˱ú˰ɲС
ÿֲҶƺ
ѲߵĻħȭ˵۶ɣѲߵ˶ٻǡп丸սʿŭ뵽ǵСͱнһ϶¶֮ɫ
ֲ񶼡
·Ŀ丸սʿ˶ðһѲ߾ô񶼸־ǿ丸ֵܵסô
Ԫ䷨ԪƽɽɫޱȵأѲߵʵȷǿǵԵԸһѲߣҲҪܴĴۡ
ҰɫȭХɲǼû˽⣬ȭںϣǧɴСȭ⣬ף
ȣ
״ȣڷƮڣȫͷų޾Ѫûա
ӿ󺣰ŰѪ֣һǴһףըȻĤ顣
Ǭ󣡡
޴Ľƾһ
޽
ɿתһýγɵγɣҪסǧɴСȭ
ۣ
һھѪ
Ϊ̫ĿǰǬ̫ǿˡ
ڿһҡڣؼʱöɾڵڳѸǳ֮ס˽Ҫ塣
ǬҪķѵ̫Ӵ󣬼ʹŽ壬ʯҲ㲻ظɶĥ
飡
ҰɫȭҰɫײһ㣬ҵ纣һۿɼǧˡ
ȭ޽ϣ⣬Ҫ޴ȭɱ
飡
޴ȭײͷǰԾµ˺ء
Ǵⷨıƴȵǿʢû˿ȡ֮
ۣ
ӲϺˣÿһȭײ޽ϣ;Ҳһ£һ˿˿̫֮鲻ӽǴ
ΪǱȲѲߡԪ䷨̧ͷȥ֮ϵѾԡѪҡҡ׹ʱбĿܡ
ȥɣ
ˢ
Ѳ¶ɭȻЦݣ顣
Ѿǿ֮ĩ޷ֱ̫ʱˣתȫ߶ʥеĳìݺǰ˦ȥ
䣡
ì󣬴޾ɱ֮ɭȻɱ⣬˿̱ȫ漤ɱѹʮء
ɱ¡ıѩȻìȫ漤󣬱һƬɫâɽһС籩Ƶ޽
ã׸ֵסԪ䷨󾪣Ҫȡ
ԪսסԼףɫȴҡͷٵһȣֻбֶΡ
Ԫ䷨üͷʲô취Ѳ߽ʥȫ漤ˣĻħȭǳĪ⣬ǵֵסʥͻħȭļл
ԪսĿᶨżҪѲ򴩵ս޴Ľâ䣬оϺնȭо޴һĳȭϡ
սѪڣڷ٣ɫѪҪһ֮ħȭȥ
ȻʥƺƵһ˿ʥ֮ʱǺȻ¶һ˿Ц
Ȼ߶ʥսͲҪҲˡ
䣡
ȼѪսѣѪҲ޷
һɢŰɫĳͷƺƵʥǵأ޿ƥС
ʲô
ʥǸ߽ʥϢȻûбȫʥѾѲ߱
ʿʥɱȻǿףԴǿ丸ຣ
񶼣
丸սʿǴʧɫȻ۹ⶼһǿ⣬񶼻пܡ
ԴŸ߽ʥ֤ʵǿɽ˼пܻ˿丸壬һɨʮͱ
ѲߵɫҲˣüѿԭΪʮþȵȴʣԷȻʥ
ߣ
Ŀһ뿪˵ء
óи߽ʥȻ׵ΪܼʥҲֵܵġ
䣡
һǧ೤ĵâգâ磬ֻһӾͰѻħȭ顣
һ޴ĵâӳնѣ޴ĺһ˾ǧߣ纣ϯ졣
ˣ
ìҶҪߣʥҲ󣬲֮ԵеʥͷûС
Įûиʥκλᣬ޴ĵâȥʯƣХİƵģµȫסʥ
䣡
ʥҲ˺ݣͨų⣬Ҫѳȥâȥ˶ֻһ죬ƺҪըˣлһɢȥ
丸Զһưɫâ𣬵ס˻Ϣ
Уһìɢ׻顣
ˢ
׽Ųӡһ׷Ѳߡ


196 ս
âգһǰ޴ĵ׷Ѳߣնһѵĺۼӵȥƺ񷶼ˡ
ۣ֮
Ѳߴ󺧣׵ٶ̫ˣʥ׷
ĶȫҪһΪ޷ӳʥȫһ˿
䣡
ϣһƬڹ⣬һɼ˸֪Ѳһ˫ѣȻʩչҲΪ
𣡡
еħ˼䣬һںڵǽڣɢޱаϢ
ǽڹתһֻ޴Ѫɫ棬͸аͲб
ֲۣ֮Ĺ˵һǿѲһУƽһλͳɱˡ
Ԫ䷨һֻ޴Ѫɫʱ
ɫƽͲȥʲôۣ֮߶ұ񵶣һâȥնһѺۡ
ˢ
һڹԾ޴ڹǳȳſֲĸʴռ䶼ʴһ󶴡
ڹһǰٶȼ죬һâײһ
Ϣģâڻޣ汻·Ŀ丸սʿУȫ¶֮ɫ
⣡
ʲôʥӳĵҲܸʴ
Ϊֹɣ
ɫĮٴȼѪڷУ߾ȫұ񵶣ɲǼ䰵ɫâҫۣɹâ䣬һ貵ĵâݺ
ʲôߣʲôۣ֮ںƺƵʥǰϣȫһ
飡
âȻڹ⣬˳նȥѲأɫѪҺա
֮۾ҶȻҪžͱâնƬһƬƬڹб䣬밵ɫâγĶԱȡ
ۣ
ұ񵶣ȴһھѪɫȻûѪɫ
ģ˵Դˡұ񵶺ȼվѪԴ֮ܵش
ѲѾɵˣҪǶԷʵǿһЩʹԼʥҲ޼£Ϊ޷ӳʥٷ֮һ
䣡
ûзȥϣɾƪȫת޾ؾ˷۶ӿڡ
һһԿдѨн룬ᴩȫ
۳Сøߵ츳
丸岻֪жǿڰйս󶼲һ
Ǽλ丸ĳϣջֿ֮ʼһЩ顣
ܴأҪԭǼʥûʥδѲߵĶ֡
벽ԪʿȻж֮һƴҿ²СһˣͬʱŸղŵսⳡѵսľΪս
һյѪʧȥıԴ֮ȫ㣬һɫͷǹǧɸߣ޿ƥеϢס丸սʿ
Ѫڣһ²Ⱦһꡣ
Զգһսӽβ
սħҶֲûжʥӲȭԷ򱬣ɫѪء
һߣײеϢһӸǧԶףҲһս
ʱ㡣
תĿƽȥһ˫ƽˮӣһ˫ײбŰĿڿлۣɲǼһƾװը졣
ֵսȻ˾ȣѲҲĶ֣ʱֱܺɨͬ޵СԪսЦ
Ԫ䷨Ҳϲɫ׵Ǳϣλῡʮְն峤֮λ
һԪƽɽ˺ХȥҶֳ¶һ˿Ц˶Ƶġ
΢΢һЦҶһսҲ˵໥ӣֻƾ֮£Ҳѡ
ǽ𽣶½̣ҪⳡȾѪս·ߵ޿ɱҪԭס򽻵
丸ɾ£Ķײ⣬Ҷָᡣ

ʱ丸̽ӴӴ̨߳¶𾪺Ͳ֮ɫٳǱ
ַ˺£Ԫ䷨΢üͷϵʵ
ͳ죬ɽڣλԪϳ֣Ҫɱʿɽˡ
Ԫ䷨֮ɫ񶼵ǿʥֿʼˣҹģϴλҪࡣ
ɫƽ֮е飬Ԫʿô࣬ᷢʥս
ʿˣĿһʵ
յõ׼ȷ鱨һͷʥһǧˣȫʿ
丸̽΢ЩؿһףڵõԪ䷨Ͽɺ˵
ֵ̾ɵǧʿУнһн𽣶ɣͷʥɵĳϺ׷ɱֻǶԳ粻̫Ϥδɱͷ


197 ۺ

϶ȻɢһɿµɱɱȻһţȴҲܶˡ
ֽڰԪսæο֪׵ɾǽ𽣶죬ʥ˽ˣҲŭ
׺һ˵ɱ¾ǲɱģֻû뵽ôбɵĵǴ˴ˡ
Ԫսο˼䣬޷⣬ʿÿ춼𽣶ͨսҲϾÿһ˶ô̬
̫ɵĵӷɢڸҪһֱΪս£һ׵ľݵˡ
Ŀ޴ĳǳأ丸ˣôɵĵҲܾסͻࡣ
ҳ̫ˣֻЩԭס֪ص꣬Ҳ֪丸ѾڱУӿŲ顣
ǰ֮ǰ˵󷽳Ÿǳ⣬ɶһܼ̳峤֮λ֪Ŀʲô
ߣǻȥ˵
Ԫ䷨ӷǵĸۡ
һ޴ʯڣԪ䷨Ŷӣֳ׿һۣ̾һϸĿġ
Ŷüͷһ
ף˵ɡ
Ԫ䷨ҾƣһĿɱ˽ۺİ衣
ʲô
δԪ䷨˵꣬Ԫս֮ɫһӾʹλվ
ȥɱ裿ôôѵҪʮǰ޽ӽʥˣ˭֪ûͻΪһʥء
Ԫս¶ޱ֮ɫ·˼飬Ԫ䷨ɫȻҲ֪ǱҪˡ
ЦЦͷʲô·ۺʲôط
ԪսЦһ͵ۺλڳ綫򣬾ǿ丸аһƬ嫣ޱ޼ʣ˵мʥ򡣡
ʮǰǿ丸սʿȥִһΣյ񣬽ȫûսʿͷһʳˣضûС

Ԫ䷨ȻһɽӰۻϢһţҲȥ𣬱ֹˣ̫Σˣǲȥðա
ΪΡԪսɫ̾ۺǳ֮һĺ޺ʱ벽ԪʿҲԴ
Ԫ䷨ĬƬ̣Ŀתף˵Ųȥۺɱ裬á
ȥôЦЦǳݺ͵ûбνĽۺŵ
ȥΪΣԪսɫ΢εؿһףʵڲԼĺȥðգʿ֪ۺжôգԭס񶼺Ǵ֮أƾһĵط
Ԫ䷨͵ΪǶСѵһ飬ͬʱҲǶҶֵһ顣
ҶˡԪս̾Ϣ
СѣۺȷΣأǿ丸ˣôСȥɵһλϣλϳ֣նɱӦòѡ
á
ЦҡͷԼȥͿԡ
ԪսˣѾ׵ѣȥյأæ˵Ҫǿ֪ʵ벽ԪʿҲĶ֣Ƭ̫ˣڲֹһʥǿߡ
Ԫ䷨ҲͷСѻȥɳϳְɣǸµʱ䣬гԣʱȥǰ֡
΢΢һЦ˵Ԫ֣ǰģбֶΣС»ҪͶʦĳ̫ˡ
ǡ
ЦŴԪսĻĿ򱱳Ƿ򣬵˵ҶҲԼ֣½ȡ
ҲҺ֮ս˭ųȣôⳡսУ͵Ѿˡ
ԪսЦѶ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûˣֻһҪСĽǸطˣҲ˵ʲôˡ
Ԫ䷨΢üͷȵʵСѣۺʥĴڣһбֶô
ԪĳȻ峤֮λҲԼðգ겻Ҳ޷ǻʤϣ
Цǰģһϧˣûаյǲġ
΢΢һ٣ЦЦһҲ֪ҶֻʲôֶΡ

ͬһʱ䡣
ҶɫĮȻҪȥۺԪƽɽӲûǴһ˿ֺЦݰѽۺ
Ԫ䷨Ӱ׵ѣԸա
ԪƽɽֻǰҶֵɿõѣǺܼɵˡ
ȻҶֲбӣʦ֮⣬κ˵ѡ
ǰҽۺ꣬²˳٣ھȥɡ׻ȻĿᶨ


198 ԩҲͷ
ۺλڿ丸嶫аҪǰ̨ͨ
֣ԼȥȥɳôԪս΢΢̾ϢһǺܵ׵İΣ
ЦԪֲصģһȥزҩأϴλһҩǲժ
ԪսЦСһӸӿ㡣
Ԫ䷨ɽһԣ΢΢Ƭ̣ʵСѣ˷ȥۺ·;ңԶΣأҪʲôһᾡ㡣
ЦҡͷʱҪκζǰԪģ£ұȻȫ
ãղ飬̡Ԫ䷨һӣԪսæȥơ
һ̳̳ҾƱ̧㿾ͳɫҲˮ˽
˺ȵû찵أ֪ȹ˶ٺþơ
ҹʱɢЦھͳɣղѾ֪Ҷ뿪ˡ
Ԫս㶣ɵôԶҲܲõҸ׵ΪҲ֪ɡ
΢΢һЦĿ΢˵Ҷֿɢһ˿ϢҲң׼ڽۺһս
Ԫ䷨վɵǳ࣬һ˿ɵ֮ɫҶֲֺܿԲбΪУСҪǧ
ʶҵɴУΪУȻȫԴġ
Ԫ䷨һҲ֪ԪƽɽǷģֲбʿˣⲻô
ЦЦû˵ʲô
֣Ҷֿ˵һ̳ɣǲеֶô
ܶࡣ
ɫѵóأиֳһǿӰѣҲһУʮλϰλš
ġ
ԪսһһĻԭΪҲݺ֮Щ̬ûڰ

ԺڣԪ䷨ϸǽۺ꣬ͬʱҲѿ丸ףԱسǷ㡣
Ϊ˱Ԫ䷨͸鴫̨⿪̨ʱ˴ƻڻز
֣ҪСİԪս͡
ǺǣҵĺϢɡ׻֣봫̨һâӴ˵ʧˡ

ŹâɢԪ䷨̾ȥۺأСѹƻೡս
ԪսһæʵΪô˵
ҵõϢۺرݴƽֲһҩҪ죬ʿѾӵ񶼵ĸҲȥˡ

Ԫս󾪣ֵǺãΪβ˵
˵벻˵һ׶ȥģʶôãѵΪô
ԪսһϵȷһɰԾصϢޱȵǿһС鷳Ʊزϡ
ս㻹ôΪĥǳһ𽫻𾪳硣
Ԫ䷨۾գⳡսҪܳʱ䣬ֻҪֵܼ󣬱ȻܳΪǿߡ
ԪսͷΪȻ

ˢ
ɫ˸ҫ˺ڰһźȻڰУɫƽشӴ̨߳
ϣâ˫мʮɳңƬĺ
Ƭӿȣһͷ䲻ϺǰҲǼ嫵ġ
ˮɫģ΢΢һ˿죬Ѫ
һɺϯмʮɸߣؿм߲Ƶʬ塣
Ҳġʬ·ԿʿսѾ˴ˡ
ģ̫ˣȥҰ衣ڵͿзУûпϢããУҪһ벽ʥ㣬治ס
ţһҾ޴
ǧ⣬һҾĴ󴬻ڣװӰһɹʿϢ˹
ಣ
׻عҸ޴ϵʿҲɲǼһȼŻĽϯҪɱ
޴ϣڽֺҫۡ
٣ԩ·խˣһûǵĻǷȹˡ
¶һ˿Цݣޱȵı䡣
ȡ
һŭ𣬽ɫѪ˲񷣬ޱߵĺҹмΪҫۡ
ףŽףҲɱɫѪ֮ʣڽ̵ĵϳ
䣡
һڵӾ޴ϷⲢͨڵƵĸףһըΧڶ׹⣬һ߾ͻѶԷըƬ
飡
ɫĮȻһһ͵˿潣顣
ʱһööĸ׷


199 ɱ
аöĸ׺Хһɼһ˿˿ͷų
䣡
öĸױͬʱһƬ׹˸γһ׹ٲ
׹˸纣ĵգ裬һִס
޴ϵʿЦΪױɣҲΪǵʥӽһĸ󻼡
ϧףѾ׵缸ߵŽ塣
Ϊը׶£οöĸס
һŭǧٵֱӷƬ׹ٲŲӡһͻƵĳ޴
ʲô
ãˡ
Ҫ£ʮˣʦ岻ҵȶ֡
ۣ
˻δ˵ָ꣬һĶͷɫԽѪҺʳ˲һʬ塣
⣡
һɱƵģ˫Ѿ̤ϸ޴ɲǼʮʿɱ
һ棬һһͬϮɱֳҪ֮ɱ
ͬʱһ޴ƴԶͷųȵϢûһͷڵģҪֱѹס

ǧƽ֣ݺ䣬෨һҲʮݻ١
ۣۣۣ
ʮɱһˣûгŹУһݺ֮£ѪȾƬ档
죬޴ȴȹޱȣƽأûһ˿
һɱħǲǶ֣Ͻܰ
ڽ˼Ҫˣ̫ǿˣҳֺ飬Ƭ̹򣬾Ѿȥˣʣʮʿɫֻ̣ȫ¶ޱȾ;ֵɫ
ף̫ˡ
䣡
һɰɽٶϢӾ޴ڲһͨ屻ΧƵ˽̤ն£ǿźϡ
ʦɱħʦֵѾŽˡ
ʦ֡
Ľڽ̵ӿ˳󣬲Ұ׵ɫ𽥻ָ
һµʿҲǽڽ̵һλʥӣҾ޴ĸսڽۺɱޣռ޵ĺǣԵľòϡ
䣡
ɫ䣬ûзϻһǿڱŻһɱ
ȫֱһ޴ĻЩӿ۳һ޴ƣƺƵѹǹϢѹľսɢµܡ
ߣ
ߣɫ΢䣬ͬһƻ޴Ļҵײһ
䣡
ľ޴ɽĸ޴Ҳĺӱըһ˾ǧɸߣˮԿٲƵһꡣ
ߣ
һƺԡȫ𣬲ŵصɳȥղһĿܣһӾȫĹͷ
ĿڱѪһɰԵҴܣѪѣ嶼Ҫˡ
ôܣŽôôǿʵʥӲˡ
ȫëֱ˴־壬æתķѵ£ȻûӴܡ
⡭ʦ־Ȼˣôܣǽڽǿĺʥ֮һ
ʦֶˣǱɰ
Ӱ
ʣʮʿСӶӶڳҰףҪ뿪

һʮУȴûɱ
һȺ˶ˣи˱˵͹
ˢ
ûЩ㣬ȫֻɱ
һķɳĹâɺһھλڽ̵ʥӡ
ͬʱ޴ƴĥƵĽһǳ𺳺Ѫȡ
ڽһλʥӣС
νǽڽ̺ʥӵУȺϵĺʥλս˵ȥ𺳣ð벽Ĺңն콾澡ʧ
ѪȾ˸ĺ棬ຣζˣûпֶ׷Ӵܡ
ΪħɢޱǿµϢЩ޸ҿ

һȥһͷҪԾ͵Ϯľ޴ն룬Ѫ£ôϵĽڽʿɫһع
ٴηظս󣬻ŵʮ˼ҪˣȫģһʿûС
ģʱɱǡ
״һӣ콣ʧɫѪڣһԣЦЦǼ⡣
˵æص
ǽڽôô̵ʱھͻˣ﷢˺£ڼװתһܣսӦоУɫ޵
һöӳĿɢؿЩˣǵĻش


200 ڤ
˵ǽڽ̵һͨͨǽڽ̶еţʥǿߴ߶ͨǱܸ֪
һλڽ̵Ӻܻ֣̿Ψǰɱħɱˣæؽ͵Եǽڽ̵ӱ㽥ۼһ𣬰ǰһ롣
һжˣ
Ԫʿͨǧֻϧǻûҵʥӡ
Ŷ
Ŀһʵʱ򣬽𻢲δȥô
ʥӶȥˣ񵽵ںδ˭Ҳֻ֪ɼλϲ֪
Щڽ̵֪޲ԣΨòףܵϸشÿһ⡣
ǽڽ壬Ȼ̽أ֪ǷǵľẒ̌
һڽʿ񶼵ȷĹŵľẒ̌ҽһλһλ϶սԷʩչıǾŽ̵ġ˾ɱ֡
Ŀ΢ݣԼϣǾẒ̌ǾǨ㵽طһΪ̽Ѱĳ֮أֻϧʮȥˣɻûҵİء
ǵںεأ
⣿
ۣ
ָһһɳһ˵Դƽ˵ҵƢ̫ãλҲ֪Ҳϲƭңϲ˷ҡ
ɵļλλ壬໹λԼһǧȥˡ
򣿡
ǳ֮һ彻﷽ԲǧﶼޱߵĻ潮򣬶ǽڽ̶һɾλ浱ʱΪ𾪣˵ڤ򡣡
Ҳ֪ڤк֮˵ǽڽ̴б棬ȡڤ֮󣬼λܽʥ
ɫһܲõϢ
ڽ̾ȻⷬԵڳѰҵһζЩӲ֪ڤʲôѰʦ걻ϹʦŶż֪ô¡
صĻ࣬Ʃڽ̫𣬸ڤ𡢼ȡ
ЩĻѰ˶أʹԽڽͨ˵ҲǾһվ
ǶԽڽЩϹԣǿǴ֮һڤ𣬱ǿԴͻǧҲ˵
һڽ̶˼ʥڳҲˣĹһһ
ġ
аһԤϵòֵĽ𻢻Ҳȥ˻ȥĥ˳Ԫ
ڽȥѾܣɵǿ߲޶ԣһýڽǿǽɵجΡ
̾ԲȥЩ˵Ϣڽڽ̵ļλ棬ԻǿȥԸ
Ϊֳڽۺ򣿶ڽڽ̶ԣͷޣռǵĺ΢ӦòмȥŶԡ
ѵΪ˻ƽضôһλڽ̵һʵ
ƽأ
ٴһͬʱһһڱˣڳϹܶ
ƽھŽδֵʱеĲ䣬óΪԴԴṩŸֵ裬Ѹٵػ˴ıء
Щرƽڽۺ޾ôҲûҵΪƽȫսҲԸ˵صܡ
š׵ͷ˵
ƽȴѲصλùڽۺ޾Щֻǰڣһʱ䣬ǽڽ̴ʿͻ
⵹ˡ
ЦЦƽĪȫ廼ʧķ裬ƽ޹øȥǵıأ
һλϷս죬ƽ취Ա
ԻƽʵûаտأȻգʹҲա
һأǷӡ֮ȻʧƽԲüİ취ǵ
ѾǵһʥĪܡ
׵ͷɵҲ˵ùȥܾûεĵطƺﲻͷ
֪޲ԣ֪鶼ˣܴ󷢴ȱ뿪ô
һڽ̵ӵսľſǻʵ
ܡ
׵һ仰Щ׹Ԩȫ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
ģֻҪǲҳ֣ҲɱǡЦЦ˵ֻҸսҪ˼ԦҶսһϲͨҪͷȥۺ

һȺȫһ
ţָסЩΪʼЦû취Ϊ˱ֻʱΪ͵͵ʩչͨ


201 г
죬һҸս۳ۻĴϣս˷ˣŽۺʻȥ
ڽ̻ȺʿΪרļԦսʻ
ϥڼװϣһͷڣͬʱǳ֮ӿȫ
Ѿǻ۷壬ǳ񣬰˵þͻˣһֱѹûнףõһ޺һԽ죬ֱӽڡ
һ׳ڣͻеʱڱ¡Դ
ٹ֮꣬ǳ֮ӿԲγϵ
ʱ۰һʿ￪׿ֲʺսƥгԪ

һţͬʱԴԴϵбҪѰҰټ
һ·˲ٳɾ㣬Ϊ̫ߵĲڶѣѹ
ȻЩֵǮǡѪռԱص
ָֻһëεԸ񣬼ʱռǡѪýڽЩСʿǸ̲ѡ
ΪõŽ壬һָѰʦȻô̰ƣͷ
䣡
һͷ޴ֺȻˮֻǷ̶ĺ
һͷڴʵֲֻߵ壬˸̬ס

һޱȣȥͷأںɫѪҺȾ÷ڡ
սûͣȻԭǰѼֲˣ⼸ʱ뱻ͷϮ
һ죬׶ûƬʿҲû񶼶ĸ֡
ϧҲûҵ裬Խǽ뺣ĺԽǿмҪƷܽ
ģͷİѵĽΪʥˣһΪʥһ»ڸĺ򡣡
Σкһˣʵƽֻ˵ںķλ֪ô
ڽۺ˵һƬɫĺһС޾ıض
üƬ̫ĿĵѰҰ̫ˣײײֱǰɫ
ߣȥ
ǡ
սٴμӿٶȣʻȥãã޼ʵĴϣΨһͷɵĴ󴬳۳ҡ

չȥսں۳ţһ㡣
ţ
ȻڼװٿȻ˫Ŀس࿴ȥ
Ӽװվ紵ͷڷ˿裬â˫
ʿˡ
ǧɿ⣬Ҿ޴ĺɫսƻʵس۳ţ죬˹
񶼣
ÿһսϵϣš񶼡֣
Ŀһû뵽Ȼ񶼣ЩɫսӰ㿣ɱ֮
һսġ۾Ѿôս׼ˣçç򲻹ߣӵӡ㾪ҲӲ
ԪǿҲ壬͸ܻûùء
纣һͳЩɫսսŽǵ
񶼵ʿѾ
ҺɫսΰΧѵĻᡣ
µʮڽ̵ɫˣԽԽҺɫս¶ޱȿ־;
ಣ
һöö˸ĪɢƻڵͬʱǵƵӿ
ɲǼ䣬նɫڵ֡
ЩرӹڵܴڽƵĸƵģרŶԸʿġ
ģֱըӰüͷһΥֳ
ԷȲʿҲǿ䣬ȫԷſȥɱ
䣡
һɰɽٶۻϢ籡һ̤С

һڱ֣ǧټƽХγһƬٲЩڵ
飡飡飡
޴һ㣬汻ǧɸߣƵģը޵ʬ塣
ֻһжѣЩɫսڵȫ顣
˾죬ˮըȻб£һһ㡣
װ²Ⱦһ˿㶼ûУڷУһ֮ҿֲĺɫս
ʿ
֮⣬һսڷһĮȻ顢

ͳ죬㲻һɿֲɱգһ˿˿ʥ¶
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
һ벽Ԫʿڰ벽Ԫ·˺ܾˣĿǰΪѳŹʮС
֪ʿͳЩɱôˣǻ֪ˣȻܵۺǸ˵֪ηأǸ˵޴͸ء
͸һ˿ǿֲѹԽĳأɣҲ纣Īѹ


202 ֵ
ϢѹƵģַԲɣս벽ԪʿͷϢް˵أΨֱ꼰
ϵĽڽʿ㶼ŵɫһȫŰӣ¶־;
絶УʼճĬš
ͳʮϢʱ䣬ɱ
䣡
һɿµɱҵһ˸ߴǧɣӿ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦֽϯɱɢƽ˵ҵһսʼֵбûͶ֣ɱңһս
ߣ
һֱͬʱһ޴ƴҺɫսչɢֲܣնˣֱѹ
סգһɽſµѹҪһٴס
ƾһǷҳδСĳˡ
Ц޳ΡȻڣһХһɹ
飡
ִѣɽƵӰ̼ɢ
ףЩ£ȥ׽ͳȱһȵСˡ
ǣ
ˢ
ɫӰӶսзɳٶƥͬʱƥƵĵϮ
ЦʿѣΪԼô
ûпֳɫĽֿ֣裬ݺ£ʿһжûг̼𣬱նƬ
С
һ˿޵ʥռʼȣѿһϸ죬ֲܺƺƵ˷
һڰʥ·˺ܾõǿߣаͻƳΪʥ
Ѿɢһ˿΢ʥȻֻһ˿ҲǷǳֲܡ
һֻɫĴٴδԶץһβۣ벽Ԫʿơ
޴ɽĥһſµɱǶ
̹ǵɱȫܱߵĿռ䶼бƣٵתγһת
䣡
˲벽Ԫʿʵͷųһ˿ʥˣֱֲ̫ɵС
ɱ
ûкˣɿֲɱ£嶼ʼѣȻûкһ

ɫĳұͷ״߶ȫͼʥ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ұ񵶱ɰ೤һ貵⻯Ĺâȥ
Ʒʥ
ǰ벽Ԫʿ󾪣Щηؾһ뵽Է޷ʥһЦ޴ƴŸµܣֱֱѹ
޴һ㣬ŷ˲ɿܵҪһɱףʥ
飡
Ȼڴʱ
һ޴ʯƿգױȵײھ޴ϡ
飡
ʯ˲ķѣǷҲþ½ٶ΢΢һЩԼԿʯײĵطּѪۡ
ɱ
¶ϲ֮ɫͷڷ裬ٴδһȫݵұϡ
ˣ
ʥ飬ҲҪϿףʥܾȻʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һҲޱȵĿºǿ
ٵâ֣֮һ㣬޿ƥеʥܣնھ޴ϡ
ͬʱʯس֣ײϡ
ߣ
Զһʮҵɫƺһ뽫Լջ
ߣûôˣ
Ҳ⣬ͻȻ֣ٺһЦٴݻʯȳһײȥ
Ǽҵɱǿɱʯ˾Ƶ·Ȼһһײȥ
¡¡
ɲǼѣˮռ䶼¡¡죬ˡ
֣֮
һХ籡۳һ֣նȥ
䣡
ʹһ벽ԪʿƣҲסĺһ
¡һѣѪգԶһ˿Ѫ˫Ŀ¶ޱȼɵ֮ɫ
ʱףһˣôùһλ
СӣôôɣȻ㡣˺Էƺ󣬼ЦһΪȻֽˣﵽ졣
Ҳ¶Ц⣬Σصûбֵطֵˡ
Ǻһս
ĵսⰻȻһǳ֮ӿĵ
Ŀ£ңָʥȵҳôձն㡣
޳ײվһ콾ս񶼰ʥ
ģղŲͦôƲʿֵ֣㻹ôQ
䣡
һ纣ֲ֮ɱʥͷų¶ɱɭȻ֪ߵغСΪѧ˼ַ͸ڱǰ񣬱ҪնǵĻǡ


203 սʥ
ãã޼ʵĴϣ˶Ӱվһ׺ͼȫսⰺȻ԰ʥȻ塣
ĵĴֵ˵սնɱԷ
ǿİʥĿ䣬ӥĿ⻮գˡ
ɱ죬ͬʱҲһ˿ɵ
Ϊе˺ܲһٮٮߣÿһ˵սֲܿǺֵˣɵޱȡ
ŽԶݳʱ𽣶컹δ׵˽⡣
Ȼʯʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ΪǼҵľѧĹʱѾɲļҡ

ϣˣԼʥˣҪֻ֪ǰʥѣԪкܳһξ롣üͷһЦ
ɱԣ
ߣһìУһֱ̤Խɣɱ֮ƺƵ˲ϯ
СӣǺս
УĪʧѾС
䣡
ֳֳұ񵶣ĳìһ
ìȻֻǰʥԷ죬Ͳ׵ĳұ񵶡
볤ìײһ𣬷ϰľһ޴Ĳ˴ɢըĺ죬ˮڡ
ɲǼ䣬˾ͼսһ
ֳʥʥӺսգֺɣսǧԶ
ޱߵֱܼѹ񷣬ȻԷʵǿᣬκӵӡ־񲽣ü鶼֮յضȥ
ͬʱʥҪֳ־⼧
䵽к󣬱ʧȥϢǼҵʼԴǣǶ
飡
ޱ̫֮˳ųìÿһмʮɳŰΧ
һɭĺײԾս̫ܻ֮˵ĸʵޱȵĿ¡
ʥսУľʱ̫֮˲ʱ˾ɫɲǼһƬҰףһɷĺ⽫Ҫȫס
䣡
ʮʮɳ̫֮âХ˷ɱס
һЩ̫֮壬ʹŽҲã̼ǾҪס
Ȼʱһ޳뺷Ӱʥ󣬼˫ݻ޴ʯֳɫƵײڰʥ󱳡
ۣ
һѪӰʥڿһģ͵Ϯ˵òᡣ
һ֣ȻЦһȥֻȡʥͷ­
ƷɫâЯǳɱ
С
վǶʥȻܴأҲᱻ͵Ϯ
һŭ𶯾һ޴ĺɫƳں󱳣ס˼ɱһ
̫֮۵ĺɫ̼߽⣬ܵȻ¶һ˿ɱҲûԼɱУǵذĹ
Ҵкܾã֪ж٣ʱȭʱָ罣һϬʱʯ֣ˡ
ɲ壬֮ʵǿ·ֹһ㣬˼ս
˳ХǶ׼սУʱֱסˣСһһʹҲЩԲˡ
ƣ
䡣
һɫѪǧɣһɺ嫰ϢԶͷųɫ䡣
ôҲ벻ǸֳʥСȻ̫֮־ƺøǿˡ
ɱ
ɫĮȻųұ񵶱սͬʱ޴ִӱХն¡

ѣɱأתӳһƣޱߵ̫֮˹ȥ
ն
ɫĮȻȥ̫֮նΡ
ʥһޱǿģһ֮Ȼƽ⣬Ҳ֮֡
飡
УȻʥǰݺһȭڶԷϡ
ࡣ϶Ƥ񡣡ʥĵɳȥҲһ˿ʥ˵ѪҺ
䣡
뼧ȻһֶԸʥǿߣĬԷɵͬʱױŲӡϢһ޴ĵâ
飡
â̫֮۵ĺڶϣһӾͰѺڶ룬ʱ׺ͼ̶Ҫɱ
Ϊֹɣ
䣡
ޱ߿µɱſֲܴʥɢɫ࣬˫Ŀ
СƵϣе޴裬һеȼѪһʥʥ֮ղҪǿٱ
ģôݣ
һ϶ƴİΪս޵İθߣѾ޽ӽԪ
һŭ𣬷Բǧɺˮ׶סȫǺɫ̫֮ǵأϯ¡
һ˿˿̫֮뵽ڡ


204 аʥ
ɫ̫֮а˾˻ǣޱȵա
׺ͼͬʱ̫֮ס
ޱߵĺǰаϢͨǵë֡
˵ɫʱںڡ
һ˿˿ɫѪŬƳĶ
ߣδɵСӣƾҲ뱾𿹺⣬ɱ֮󣬱㽫ɿܣΪҵĿս
ʥЦһҲһѪ
ܴͬأ׺ͼ콾ֱƵ˾ƴźķΪ۳а̫֮ѾƬˡ
ģ˾ţδ򳼷أôܻС
ŭɲµһչˣһХľɫָ̫ݶ
洫ɾתһبžʹڵľ޴챮ʱʱ֡
ŭʾ
ıԴڱ˳ͷһĨܴӡǳ֣һſ
Ȼһ˲䣬̫֮Χڵа֮ȫ顣
Сӣû°ɣ
̫֮󣬼¶֮ɫΪ׻ûܳ
Ȼû£ɾɰٴЧãղһ鱻̫֮壬ȷججǶҪ˵ˡ
ʮöɾڵڻû׹ɾİء
ɾĪĹܣЩҹͣЪѾܶɾ֣Ҳܸе⡣
Ȼ֮Ͱ
ɾı壬׻ܳ򣬵Ѿ֪ƽ̫ˡ
̫Ҳǿľ֮һʥֻһ˿̫֮ûɣ̫֮ΪԸʴʿ꣡
ɣ
ɣ
˫ĿȻ䣬һ˿˿̫֮ɵڣ󴢴浽ڡ
Ϊ㣬δ֮ܽһﵽ֮󣬿ٵڶ̫֮ʹҲ̲һ˿̫
飡
䣬ڵ̫֮ɸɾһХɫѪ˶춾ɢ
ʲô
ʥʱ¶֮ɫ̫֮ȥ̫Ԥˡ
䣡
׺ͼһۣХ֣ʼɱʥ
˵սԽң콾սʥ˿·磬һ˱޴þǧɸߣֺȻѡ
飡
ʩչϢڰʥһƾĺϡ
ɽʥһģһںѪʥɫ䣬֪ԼնҪˡ
ЦĮֹҪܵĳ嶯еĳұ񵶺ݺ˦
ˣ
â񷣬ʥϢ̼ĸȻûȫ漤ʥеϢҲ
԰ټƵâȥն˿ռ䣬ನҲøﲻ
ۣ
ʥâУѪѪҺ˶Ҫˡ
ۣ֮
ɫŤ׼ʩչ֮ͬھ
ȻתѪδʱնͬʱһ챮ݺݵشͷϡ
飡
ѣ֮ڼٵļǿһʥҲҪɱˡ

ʥŭ𣬵Ѿ޼£ǿ׷ɱ֮һ貽񷣬նķ顣
ಣ
һƴСԪ𣬶ʥѾɹԪȻ𣬵ʶڡ
ԪżĿֻҪԶݶȥɫ֮ޱȵǿҪƿ׵֮֡
ģΪֹɣԪ첻ɣߣһƻӳɫĹâɫˡ
Ǹɱңʦ𲻻Źǵģʦ˰벽ʥǿߣһұġ
ɫ귢䣬ҪѳȥƬ̺òˡ
ģˡ麹дŴɫܲ԰ס
Ҳòȥĵ޶࣬һʱѿʥս˵˼Ҫϸ˲С
ԸޱյĽۺݲа
ʥ֮תɾƪʼˣͬʱë״ţһĨĨ۶
䣡
һյңȬɫѪգޱȵǿ
ѪЦϽˣһô죿
ʲôⲻнôЦƣصϡ
˺ܷѾģϢһС˲ʲôԱӵʣʱԶȬ
ҡͷһЦΣһҲصսϡ


205 
𣬾ǳսѾȥʱѪںϣһƬ⡣
սŻƽرصĵطʻȥڼװϣŶȣŽڽ̵Ӹϴõڡ
ЩʲôãǼԦƴôҲᣬºι¡ٺֱЦ
Զڽ̵仰ɵûͷҲҴ
ʱǰǳսǿУ׺ͼǿӹɣʹȲϽҲ˶١
Щڽ̵Ϊǽ𻢶սˣ³ҲȻλʥһ
Ž뼧ӹȻʥĿеĴУһɳ˶ɵ

ЦЦ֪ǹŽڽ̵ĵӣʵôҲۺˣʱǳ볤ֿ㾭ʲô
ģұ͵һ޴Ĺڣǳ󣬶һһԹıʧ˺üΡ
֮⻹ʮʿһһˣðֻϧؼʱѰˡܿϧ
һ
ţǴСѰ̫࣬ôҲǳɽоѸپۼ˲ٸߣҴսһ뿪ˣӦҲˡ
̾Թ͹ѣѾˣұ͵һƬɳĮ˿µɱ
ˣ
۾˸ƨΪǹֻԹôİ˰ޣЩﺷηͨǹޡ
ʿڣŵĲɡ
һݣԭÿһطƽ˵ޱȵգſµɱ
ʿƺƵĿ²ʮĽͨĹؿˡ
ʮˣôɢˣŽ̵Ϳ¿ɼһߣͬʱҲʾɵĵ̣ɲ⡣
ֹӹĻڽ֮Ǿͱ͵طҶΣգвͻҺǰȫؽˡ
֮ǴϷЩܳƨһ붼Ѿˡ
۾һЦһ߰ս˫Ŀ
΢΢һЦ٩ӴĲҪǽ֡
ϻ
񷭸ۣߵΪʼԴǿˣЩֻ޵е·ϵĥʯֵһᡣ
⺢ʲôþ̫ԴˣȻҲԴʱ
Ҫ͵һطˡ꣬ôõĻûгԷֱ̫ʧˡ
ʱ仹úܣȻƾ£ϴ´ξͲôˡ΢΢һЦǿţͲɽʥӷ
ѰУ߹࣡
㷢һֵôԶȻüͷһ
һʵʲô£
㣬ңǽ볤ʱûԪʿ
üͷⲻֿܣһãûڽ̡쵶ŵʥһֿܾǣǱ͵ΣյĵطǷֿˡ
˼ҲݣԱͷһֿ̫Сˣ콾ţδÿ˶ôˡ
Ǳǵڶֿˣǵֱܷÿһ˵ΪҲ˵Ԫʿͨ˳ֵĵطڵɳĮڵԹ

һ٣ЦЦŽúܵôıˡ
׵ͷʾܾͬô·ǱѰγҪ޴ʣҪСĲС
ҲŲġ
Цϵ˵ҿɲزҵʱûеҲû򳼷أôܻ䵽Ƶط
׷ŰۣһһֱûʣôڽۺѵǴô
ҲΪѰһƽµıôǼҵʿϵĲˣ˿Ŀ̸УĿǳǻĿ񶼵ͳΡ
ЦɶѾʼжһ־ս
ûа취飬ЩǧǿӲϾߣҪڳıþ޴棬Ҫ
׺ܾؿż񣺡ô̵ĵģ
Ȼðɣ˵ġѵúһ漴ĿֿڽЩӣ㻹֪ɣڽ鷳ˡ


206 
Ŷ
׺ȤԽڽûкøУɶҲޡ
ڽۺɱһɱ˽ڽλʥӣһλʥӲģնλڽѾˡ
ڽ̫Եǿ壬屻ȳӦ֪ɡ
˵ص㡣Ĳͷ

ָܲѾֳɫʶȤغٺһЦæ˵峼ǼٵģŽ̶䣬ڽʲô
˵ײУԸԼԶŵһλȴӳ˯лˡ
һ벽ʥǿߣһŴŴʥڽصļλԪʿսһ𡣡
Һеʥ󷨣ϵĳǳزŵԱ档
һս御ڽ̻صλԪǿ߶ɱˡ
ͬʱڽصʿҲȫնһսν˵ɵԪˡ
вȥ˻ЩʥڻѰͻƣֻƻ᲻
ģڽ͵սѾˣҪͨıؾ֮ؽɱǡ
ҧ
ԣǹҧҲһս񹬾ӣҪǼһֱͱڽ̸֪ٴˡ
ЦǼûôĵģһȥƽڽô
ô˵սĲ
ЦЦΪʵٻǿȥˣѵɱô
ɱ񶼲ܣ̫ǿˣ֪Ƕ֣Žǿ֮ʱʥ˼𣬸ο벽ʥ
벽ʥ壬뺫̸Упܻˡ
塢Ŀ뺫ǼҽڼҲҪӿŲˡ
ǽ𽣶ĸ̸أǽ𽣶ʵĳһ䶯ġ
Ժأ΢Ц
⵹ǿԣϾǼҺͺҲûʥʵ̫ࡣ
ãã޼ʵĴ󺣣˵ֻҪҵ䣬𽣶Ը丸ˡ
ԭǿ丸壬˵½ϾɽׯҲ׼丸ء
ҸƾֶΰɣҶҲƬͬѰҰ䡣
Ŀ΢硭
ɵ۾
粻򣬼ʹҲ޷Ҳдʥһ졣
սʻţκˣԪʿǳ֣ҲӦֶΡ
ҼǼӢ۵Ķӣ꼧Ӣ۴û˸˵һпʣҲûλʥĶӡ
ۺ湻ģ˵еɫ򾿾ǶںƮ˰ˡ
ǰ¹ȥۺȷʵܴɫûб֣ͬҲûгӰ
ף˷ˣƺˡȻһĵӰӿзԡѪϢǳ΢
еʿҲҸսҲ˲ǷΣգֱӽ
ڰеʱѾԣ䵽װʱûֻĿڻһš
ԺʿһݣһæңңݹȥסԷơ
ʿܴأҸ첲ʧˣ˿ܿǺֱ˺ҧġ
ӽãʿޱȵǿˡ
ҩĶ࣬˵ҩһҩݸʿʳȥִ߶֮ƺܿȶסˡ
󲻵ʱԺʿĵ
ģǽ𽣶ףˡЦЦʾԷýš
ԭ֡
Էһ𽣶ԺѺãǵʥѣʿ¶һ˿ЦݣһɺȻ籡
ȻҶԷΪһƾͺõòˡ
һлֳȡ
ˣҪôҲһɾء
һɫһʵλγƺ
񡣡
һȻһæԭǼӣĳлֳ
ʵֵʲôʣΪô˷ѣֶʧȥˣ
һЦʧȥһұ۲ʲôܼһܲˣҺͼλʦֵܷǰƽأǰһͷ޴ĺޣһͷ˾ӵʥʵ֮⣬λʦֵܶѾͷԵˡ
ʲô
ˣ
׺ͼͬʱ󾪡


207 ټҶ
һһʱ׺ͼϲ
ڽۺ˰µİ裬ҪˣֻҪͷޣ𽣶Ը丸ˣʱҲõ棬аˡ
֣ͷ޵һͷôĿ΢ҲΪ
һؿˣʵڲΪô˷ܣѵͷǣʲôô
Цȷһͷֲܿİ裬༸ܳʥǿ£ʦֵʮҲУҲǽӳġ
Ӧòˡ
׳Ƭ̣ԼѾܽӽɫˣͷӦþҪҵģǵˡ
ĦȭƣеСǻʲôδԶɵ
ߡ
׺ܹϣڽ̵ȫǰҪڽҵ裬Ȼ֮С
һ㶣ʮģ¶һ˿Ц
˻еģ֪һͷʥľȻ׷
һû׺ͼ֣Ȼ˵׵ЩԻսȴΪԷԼǿ̫ࡣ
ͬʮλʦֵܶǰĶ֣ѵŽͼֲս
ǵʥ磬ͷҲҪĶӡ
֣֡
һȰȰǣԺͽ𽣶ϵôãһмҵӣҪ˳ʲô£ҲӲϵ
ͷ̫ˣλ˼аɡ
ЦЦսȫǰ˵ģҺͼʹд뿪ûġ
ѽͱīˣϽ˵ûĵص㣬ֵǴԺ𡣡
һĬȻȻ̬ôҲ˵ʲôϾǳΪ˺
뵽˱бֶΣǽ𽣶컹Ǽңա
һˡ
һҲſģָָ򣺡ʦֵܾڰ˰裬û⣬ӦûһƬ
ģ
ƣڴ
񶼵İʥս󣬼׵սõĽչͬʱսһ¥
ǰҪȰʥѶԸ˻а˷ְս֮е
Х
սǰһ·˷ˡ
׺ͼڵ״̬ԼľﵽѣΨпɱ衣
ŨѪζܵһֱڲԶݷţȻܿ¡
ʱսµĵطȻѪζһĿͷںˮƯš
һˮŲȱͷСʦܣ̫ˡ
Ŀ磬ѰȥѰҰ䡣
ĸ֪ģͷ޴İڸֻѾǱֻһ˿˺ذµһš

ٿȻ䣬ָԶǧ֮⣬һɾϢȻ֣ʧӰ١
ߡ
һ죬ԭȥæ˵ڴϺúϢʱǱɱͷ衣
ǺðɣֺͼǧСģһֵϷɻ˵ʵӦûġ˵ףһܶԸ衣
ƲƲ죬ڿһ䣬ֹ漴ʼ磬һ仰û˵
֣ȺϢɡ
׺ͼԶݶȥһӵɫ
ˣСӾȻֵܵʵǿϣ緢ˡ
׵һۣһҲΪ룬竴ٵƢʲôʱܸһġ
Сӣǧô˵ң˲֪ƢѵҲ֪
ߵüһڽǵ˴ùˣնλʥӣҷ̱һЩˣ㷢Ҫɱ˵ġ
ļһѰʩչѾӦλˡ
ںԨ˯ӦǳԱˡɫأһ˿С֮⡣
ģôʿվðƤ׹һһ챮ʱʱ֡
䣡
ʱԶһֻ޴ƾնײޱȵϢɲǼƻûɰɴЦȭո
ȭǳİԵ·Ľһ𣬴ݿƵĺɨһϰ
ȭȭΪأ
һɫҶ֣Ҳֵܣô
һ˵ţͬʱһʯƾճӭ޴ȭͷ
䣡
ײʱǿ


208 Ĵ콾ս
䣡
ʯ;ȭͬʱѣӿܣնڲ
ಣ
ԶھµӰǶȫ¶ŲбײкϢ
ϣ̫ˣԩ·խЩҪˡ
۷Ź⣬սⰻȻһĨĨɫʱʱ֣˫絶żٶˡ
䣡
ҲûпɫѪգͬޱȡ
Ϊ˺ǿ󣬾ͼǿС
½ʥҶ֣Լɽׯ멣˺ʶǵ콾Ϊµ֮һ
Ҷʮͣ£˫ͬޱȼɵɫͬһ콾˴˶ΪԼǿҲС˶֡
ּ֣ˡҶ΢ЦֻһĨôҲزס
侲˫֣Ȼѩ
Ҷ֣ղʲô˼Ҷ͵ϮΪӲɱô
ûôƢüëһܲغȵ
ҶЦǹɱŰ֮ԽŨˣֺαضŭһȭѣֲ˵ǡ
ЦЦɻʵҶֺøߵ£ôҲۺˡ
Ϊ˺׵ϣܸһ棬ͷøҰɡ
С
ЦݸȻ̾ϢҶ˳ɣǶʿҲɱһͽʿЦ
̧ͷĮĿⶢף˵Ѿ˵Һܲϲ㡣
˴˱˴ˡʼ磬⡣
ߣ飬´μһ൱İһɸ߸ϵζ׺ǲм
ɫұ멸аٿȻ֣԰ټƵʯܣɲǼͷסա
ʯתһֳɱ֮أҪ멡
ԪսôҶĿһЦԺлᣬ̵ġ
ҵĽͬڽ𽣶죬ɱ֮أޱȵƮ죬˷ʤ
⻹ǼΪ̫ǳԶţԪʩչһ̳д󣬶еϢһӳʱԷδзӦˡ
꼧Ӣ۴Į̽ӣǹƥɱ̣һնɱҵλľǿߣɱĮĻ̻̣˸档
ûµһƢȴ̳ˣǿ߱ŵʿ
ʱ
λɽׯӣΪɽׯׯ멣Ҳչֳһλ콾ֶΡ
̧ͷһۼ˫ĮһϢѹ
һ˸˸ĪʯߣԼһƬǺӣЩʯһſǳΧת
ҫ
ɽׯľѧһżǿݻ£ÿһʯܻǳһɳǳһײܷѹ졣
û΢СǳΧƣһѹϢٿȻ
һſǳײȥʯײ÷飬ͬʱһſ΢СǳҲڷ顣
߷ըտʼŤֻǻһǺƵƥס壬ʹˡ
УҫôԷּ̧ƵԼԪսҲ⣬ֻƲƲ죬ΪԷҫˡ
Ȼսˣսһɡ
멺ǿƣƿɱкǰһߣһɢȥ˳죬޴ĺХ
ɫҲޱȼҪǿƣüͷһҪȳ֣еҲ޷
һ콾ΣһȾѪս·콾ˡ
ҶֳޱײеϢһɱŰֱ֮úˮ
Ĵ콾Ļսüޡ
䣡
Ȼڴʱ
һۻ뵽ͻȻӺȣѪȵɱ
ͣ
һˮӺɳսǧȫϬɱУ׵ˡ
΢壬ҴűߣǶҪ
һ޼Ӻ״δ䣬Щˮڿб任˷򣬴źХƿɱ
ߣ
ͬʱߡ
ʿȻϣҲڱ裬նͷ󡣡
ҶֵһһХȭȭ޼᲻ݣγһƬ貵Ĺ꣬ȭɽ޾ա
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬ˮֱҶ¶ޱȷ֮ɫЦݸϡ
ȭΪأ
һȭֿ˲㺣ˣ޴ȭصΰźİȥ
֪СҲðϣ趯ŭˣһʥӺ״˳ȥ
ͬʱ죬һ޴ĺ޸ںϡ


209 ͨѪ
һͷ޴㣬Ӻǧɳ·ںһ޴ɽ𺳡
һʥǵأһͷҪʥľѾǣ޵ĿֲͿ¡
㻹δʥҲǰ񡣡׵Ĵ콾Ǻεȸ֮߰Ȼ£ȴҲ塣
䣡
ȫɫƽ֡
貶£նȥֱӱնһѷ죬ضҪˡ
΢СǳתһǺӴлӳϮɱ衣
Ī⣬̧־ǼҵԪս
Ĵ콾֣ɲǼƱɫ˵ɱϯǧɡ
ļСƾЩֶҲԸԲ
跢ǧɵȻһ⣬ʥƺƵй
ʥѾʥ
Ȼһͷµ֣뵽ʥֻȹʥ٣ͻΪһʮصǿʥ
ǲٸκλˡ
䣡
˺ʿĿɱӿֳ׵ȫɫĮҪɱ衣
·ĮһɫꪳУɽأǳǶУɱء
ʣһʥһƷʥ
һǺȥɫһɹɿµ塣
𣡡
迪ʼˣǧɵһ󶶶ɲǼһλɫˡ
һʥϢţɱ¶Цݡ
ЦݱޱأΪҲɱ˹ĵѹɱȫ
䣡
ޱȲпļսʼˡ
նųұ񵶣һâնգѿء
Уʱʱһ޴챮ڰϣһƬƬѪ
ҶЦ˸ѪͲбȭɱбʩչܴݻһС
ȭΪأһȭضΪһ壬Яصɱ΢΢ɢһ˿ನޱߺˮ
εİЦݲӦսĴ콾սһ
ʵȷ˾㤣ƺĳǿһɫħһ㣬ϯ˾ʮأ׾׵˵Ĺ
ħһ㣬֯磬Ȼʩչʥʵ
ɢϢ˲񷣬ɫһڲ֮ء
ұ񵶣ɫײһ𣬵ʥЩϺ󣬷ϲЩ޼᲻ݣܲöԸ
ʵҪԶԶʤǰɱ벽ʥ
˵սǳôѣʵԼµĵ̡
ԽսԽ£վ򶥼콾Ǳܺܿ£ս裬Ȼ·硣
ҸðҲƣӦЩĹ֮ǰ
ͨѪƣ
谵𾪣ĸСս㤣ԼôҲƣ̬սֲ̫ˡ
һϢȻڳ˫Ŀâޱߵʥѹˡ
ˣ
ֺݺǰһ죬һֻɢľֳգڡ
һֻѪɫľƣһѪɫٲһһ㣬ˡ
ǣ
һɫ΢䣺ģһžѧͨѪƣҪͨҪѪС

ɫȻȻѪɫƴѪɫٲˣ̫󲨶ѾͨѪƣϵҲ򡣡
ޱߵѹ಻شѪɫƵס⣬Ҳס硣
һʥܲԲǧڳΪһ硣
䣡
ѹȥǿµɱգ׵˹ѹž죬Ѫѡ
ǰռֶΣһֻԳ磬ޱɱٴжνһģȫ
һɫѪͷ˷ұ񵶾ӭеǧơ
ಣ
һѪɫٲܴգɱ֮жôˡ
ﬣ
ұЩѪɫٲײһ𣬷ײƵһȫסﲻѪɫٲ
ȫԡŽ⣬Ӳž޴ѹзȥұ񵶷·ԣܱȸղҪǿʮ
ˢ
һɳĵâգĹâնѪɫٲ
ͬʱҲǿƷ


210 
ʲôƨͨѪƣñ֮ȣʯܷȥסѪɫٲ
ֺóһصĿԪսʩչǿһƽѾ˳գ߿лĴ֡
ÿ½һ磬ǹɿ񱩵ɱԽأǧɽѹ޷Ϣ
Ǻӷ籩ĮȻ³ۣһǺзɳ΢СǳԱ֪ײ˶Ѫɫٲ
ͬһɳ죬һǳɵĴ֣ǿӭȥ
ɽ
ȭһУҶʩչȼ˾Ѫϧ˷ѱԴ֮ҲԸ󣬴ǿһ
һȭȭǧɽƵģɽӡԾصֱײеѪɫơ
䣡
⣬ɱڽƬط·𶼲ˣƬѿ֪жٺˮֱӽһನն˺档
ǧɵճΪһƬµɱ֮أʥǿ֮˸ҿ
˷ӿ񱩵˽Ƭ಻Ĵըﱻƻˡ
ۣ
׵ɫѿɳȥѪգĴ콾ͬʱܵˡ
ҲòȥͨѪƱƿ׻ɫ֮Ȼܡ
䣡
ȼվѪǿк£˼ѵ壬ʼоҵķ
С̫Ҫͬھ
ŭƴΪľһͨѪƣͬʱֳ˱壬ǧӴڰգƬСڡ
ģԱһλﵽʥԱ֮ӿɵס
׵ɫˣæӴָóһâĿϡ
޾壬ұͷһƬƬɫâ֡
ҶֺҲбֶΣİԱǻ볹ѹ
䣡
ԥȫǿһһɹɺƲɵ
飡
豯ŭһԱһɿֲɲǼ˺أ޾籡ɵĺˮǧγһ޴С
׺ҶֶԱ˵ȫԡѪ嶼ڹѡ
𣡡
״޾ľӿǳ֮ڿš
ͬʱŲӡڼ䲻ݷʣľ޴ԴҪ봢ָڡ
һɾȭԺ󱳶ǧɽѹһ㣬ӿɱ
飡
Żһȭײ׻ѪɳȥͬʱҲѰ޴Դ봢ָС
ԶҶɫ࣬ޱߵĲб֮ɫ棬һ𣺡Դһ
ײϿѪҶȼѪһȻ̫£һҪ
ԼŽ壬Ѿˡ
ҶҪˣⳡսѾԭΪʮþȵ˱ʣ׾ȻȵõԴ
ڰԱΨһ֤ɱ֤ݾǸ޴Դ
񣬷ХҪ׾ɱףذԴ
ģ档ܴ̫أ޷ҶԾȴӵӡ
žʩչһ㣬ٶȿþˣҼϢҶʼ޷Լ
䣡
ܵͬʱͬ޲˵壬ſһ޾ӿѵѪڿѾѵҲڿٵĺ£š
Ҷ֣Ҷ׳֣ն㡣ŭҪȥס
Įصס·ĮȻڣ߲ˣ׽ձ
멣ӳȫ㡣
䣡
ŭӳȫս멼սһ
ս޼ѣȻżһʱҲ
кüζ붯ọ̃۽⿴׻δҶ׷ϣ΢ſġ
˵ͬΪһ콾սҪǶñɱУʤΣ
̫ûˣ

һߣҶִŭôҲ׷ףԷ̫죬һĹƣɱдա
ףһսôҶ˫Ŀײйâȵ
ã
׺ȻͣסŲĿ磬һɾ˵ѪٴγϣЦҶ֣Ȼұȫ㡣
ҶͲƺȫȬףдֹ
˵Ž˫ˣôصƬ̼Ϳˣⳡܻô
ɫĮڽۺҶ֣ĻֶζƾճΪС
ɽ
ҶֳƮ裬ٴȼ˾ѪȫѪҺĽǹɿµıŰ֮⽫Ҫ˲񷡣
ǿһУȻתӣȻԶݶȥ


211 ɫ
ɽһСȭֶԶȥǧɽһɽѹһصĴơ
һҶȼѪǿɱУȻܳɹס׽Ĳ
ɽײһʱҶѾܵûӰˣͬʱ멡
ģ˻ûнڲ٣ȻѧˣٸʮУҾܸɵ멡
ܷͬ߿ǵʵ࣬ҪǶԷܣõ̸ס
ҼʹõҲδɱˣ׺ͼȻԼɵģбֶΡ
ҶֺҲɵϣЩʯָ˶ôֲıɱء
УɢѪζһֱԶ΢Цãһʤˡ
Ȼоźһûᣬֻϧ̫ܵˣһûиֵķȡ
ҶĻҺںԼԺҪҪСһ㡣

񵱳ͲˣߵСʲôҶƨҪҵͻᱻҵԪսɵˡ
׷ۣٴŸսȥ

սϣһھĵصȴţǳսԼᵽѪ
׺ͼǶʱһסˡ
Ϊó˲ӴܶյطʤЦݣ
ѵѵ׺ͼɱͷΪʥİô
̫˼ˣ
׺ͼɻսһսľʵˣ
Ǵˡһ˵Եúġ
һʱ¶֮ɫٿ׺ͼ˵Цɲͷʥľ汻λˣ
ǺǣǵȻˣͷԴ״ָڷءЦһΨҶģ
΢΢һЦ˵ģʮλֵĳѾˣͷ㾫ȷѾˡ
һûˣȻС׺ͼ񣬵ڷԼ̫֪ˡ
ǹȻǺڵģôôԼʦҲһʵսɲ⡣
뵱磬֮ʥ֮λ̫ˡ
ĳһ̾óϷ
ЦЩС¶ѣҳݡ
һţװ̫ڰѾ֣µ޻һʱ䣬ô˻ȥɫҲһ
Ըڽ̵ӿδ֪ɫʻȥ
Ѿڽۺƽرɫ򲢲̫Զˡ
պ󣬾޴ĸսһ㱡뱡֮ڣһƬɫڡ
һƬɫĺƽۺɱȻͬ
ĸоڿУѾµı仯
һսܲɫȻԶһ纣ǿϢڴ˴š
˲ʿ񶼵ʿһƬѾƼʻᣬԲעͻһѪս
䣡
սúܿ죬սˣһ᾵ƴӿһս
ģʿҲ۸ôһ˴ȵ
ֻƵһλʥһ񶼵ʿΪȫ˷
˵صʿجˡ
ķɱϮʿѵĶ⣬λʥûüӦͱһȺ˸ɱˡ
׾սĵطȽԶûвս񼱵ץģʿҲҲٲҲֲ裬ɱúá
бۿߵҲ붯ְɡ
ĦȭƣٺЦǱģֻǴ̫ˣȫûиӱֵĻᡣ
˵Ĺ񶼵սͱңʣһЩս룬ΨʿİΧȦ֮С
ˢ
һѤõĵź嫰ܣ񶼵սֱӸˣѪɫ档
˫ֳսڷУһʱ䲻ƺֲˣƺҲѾ벽Ԫľ磬һ˿΢ʥ˸š
£ΨҶĴǣսԶԶ뿪ҿ쵶ŵΧ
ߡ
۾΢ЦǸճ˫ЩɱˣҲñˡ
𡣡ҧгݡ
ʥıУ˫Щ͵ϮڶʯʢַһЩ飬ѽ´
׺ͼ񶼲ʲô˾ӣб𲻸ҹ뷨ȻˣǾ˳ɡ


212 Χɱ
˫˾һļµİĿ˸֮档
ս쵶ԶһЩΨֱ˫ϡ
쵶ӵһ޴սͨٻɫ˸ĪĹ
쵶һľȻս񹬣ɾȻʱˣҪڳ粫һ档
˫
һȣ𶯾죬˵սľ׺ͼ񲢼УԾصӰǾˡ
٣ϷˣŽͼҲˡ
ݲӣŽɱ˲գۣ˵ɱһλʵİ벽ʥöҹ䳾Ϊŭ
ŽȻǿƣ˭ӶֻҪĶûк³
аʸŽͿЩ콾Уһɳ˭ѹƣѾΪĿеĴˡ
ǲҪСƼǸ˵ĶӡһλʿС˵ȴֱӢ۵䡣
һЩмʶʿиֳһս
ǿһ˫ûƢν۰Ծ죬˸ǡ

˫ɫȻĮһ˿ӵĹâ׺ͼǶҲ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
뵱ѹˣȥеķѾɳһսĵز
ףŽ循£򴳳պҪɵ֡
ԭǣĺɡ˫̲û̫飬û̫ĵ⡣
䣡
һֲӰһսϷɳȻս񹬵뿪ºڷˣ˫գ˶š
ܻȻ
һˣս񹬵뿪ȻûмֹܳΪʥӣȻž˵ս
뿪ĳ֣δ׺ͼȡ
Ŀƽؿ뿪¶һ˿΢Цֺþò
뿪Ŀ䣬һĿⶢף˽֣޾ıضӦս񹬣Ϊľ󣬼ʹսҲٲά裬ڳߵúСġ
ԭ֣Ǻþòˣһսĳδܾˣձ˶ϰɡ
뿪Цڻָ۷״̬սɣʱܹеס
ð
΢ЦƵᡣ
Ĵ콾Ϊ໥ţһɹɿµŤ޷ɢϢ
һɹⴵȥܺ죬һը
սٶԶ룬λ콾սܴѣΨǻ
ôȤܲμӣͻȻ䣬һ˸еϢĲбϢԶ
һµϢħһ㣬űŰŵɨһС
Ҷֺڷ裬һɱ
߻һˣ촽һԲȴܲҶϱŰϢʼͬٶȡ
ģù
ɫͬʱ΢΢һ䡣
ʱҶֺ멾ȻˣУʵ˫뿪
׺ͼǶñɱУɡ
Ҷֺ멵ٶȺܿ죬һƬսħӰվ󣬲ʮɶѡ
ͼΣˣĴ콾ǲС
ţ˵ԵΪڲ֮䣬˵ĶԶԶٵһҲذɡ
֮ǰ̫ǿʢڱΧɱ˰ɣϧδɳٸʱ䣬޵򡣡̾ϢΪ׽ձˡ
бۣѱߵôλȺŹ
ֽǳֻҪֽԴȥҶЦǹɱŰϢԽŨߵնŤ
΢΢һЦ˵ҶʧˣðԴƾ°ɡ
ҶϻЦݣĿȴ˵ʲôֻһסס
ٴУؿˣһʯ֣Լ뵽С
뿪¶Цݣ֣񻰽վ͵˽ɡ
䣡
δ䣬ԶĺһɽƵϯűذҰϢ
һХģԶ٣һ֮
һӰԶǵأǳĿֲͺ嫡
벽ʥ
뿪˶΢΢ü
һԼһɸߵӰУһƣµâ˫Ŀ˲ˡ
һͷͨɫ۴׵ľĿһеͰؼʱҲƬս
üͷ΢ҹηЩơ


213 콾
һλµǿߣŰ벽ʥ磬һɣޱȵ׺ס
ʵĵô˫ǽһüͷȻʵ

ͷȵʵҹƷ磬ǺѣǸΪ뱾ӹȥ
Цˣֲûʵǿ߳Ԯԭҹη׵ܵܣֲҹηôơ
ʵΣ
Ƥ˵˭赲һɻС
ҹƷʱŭǵذϯЦɽׯôôĿɵľѧְɡ
ߣ֪ߵغ񣡡
̧ͷĮĿ˸ɱгһǺӣһʱҪֵģ
ģ
ҹƷϯȥһ˺ɫǹС
˵ĿҲɱߴ콾ϾҪսһ
ҹƷ׺ͼѹȻ࣬뿪ƴһѡ
ߣ˺㰮֮ߣ˺㾴֮ɱߣ˺ɱ֮һĺȻԶһŵӰ̤ն
ŰɫʿӷŨü޳統һ㣬ȫû̻֮
Ȼ뿪˿ˣɫֱ˱䣬һɫܸӣŲʡ
Ժ
磡
λڹؼʱ̵ˣһȻ粻ȾľӣȻƬս롣
ּ֣֣ˡ繰ֶЦԡ磬ǳ
ЦСãĶˣԾһս
΢΢һЦ֪һսȻˡ
ǰ˶콾һվȻѣսᲨɫ򣬱һܰ֡
ֻЩҲɵ˷ִСƽıزͷȴ¡
ǧΪ˻ƽ޾ô
Ĵ˿ɳ֮콾δ֣ǿɲ侮ʯЩһ
ߣ
Ҷֺ멵ͷߣͲἧĽ
˫뿪ͬݵػصս׺ͼ񲻻ô³ç
ս̫ˣҲðա
ֻ˫һˣ׵ԸȻˣֻϧڻ뿪ԼԶҶֺ멡
ģŪǡ׷ǵս
ҹƷ΢΢һЦҲˡ
ӻԼʦһ˹֣һ뿪صԺս

صսԲģȺǻţӽͱе˫
۾ܣܵһɹǿϢ˷һ½ˡ
䣡
һͦεģӰУֻһĨӰȴơ
ҹԪףĴӣпʶ̫֮λڼװϣ
֮ǰδս׺ܽһǿʿ겢󣬵սС
йϣпܽ׻ĹҵҹԪҲȻЦȴ⡣
ҹԪ׳ֺ󣬹òһκ˰İԵϢһţͬһӰ˸֪Լˡ
٣ĻʳĲҲˡ˼ӣ۽ͬһ㣬ЦΪ׽͵ĻʳӣͬҵȲС
ʱһһҿֲӰ֣㶼һ콾
м˾͵ˣƽıĺˣɻˡ
뼧ڼװϣΧǧûսû˵ǵΧû˸ҷɻ䡣
ͽδƲƲ죬˵
ЩҪǿһЩӦþʧݣǲˡ׵ȻһЦ
񲻷ߵʱǳ꣬һֻѹˡ
䣡
δ䣬һ޴߿ƵĳһսϣһƬѹѹƣͷ¡
еġ˶΢΢һ΢£Ȼ˸ҳ֡
䣡
һɻɬµϢɽըһ㣬޴ĵЯ޿ƥеһս飬ͬʮ
׷ﶯ֣ѵ±ӢȺ֮ôһģӰսϷɳȫ̿Ӱļվˡ
׷ɱˣ˭ҲҾȡ
һӰУһϮۣһ˫µ纣Ϣ콾ü
˭𻢲ˣʲô֡üͷߵǲˬ


214 ɱ
ڵϢǻҲϢ̫ǿˣѾڰ벽Ԫ˺Զλϵ콾Χ˭Ҳκá
Ŀأ¶ǰδеļɵͳ֮ɫ
ϵϢһӿǿĲ˼飬ʹԸҲ֪ھǴ˶֡
¶Ȼ֮ɫŻȻ˵Ӧþڵʥӣû뵽ô
Ŀ˸ֻЦӹ㺮ˣ׷ŵǹ㺮ʥӣඡ
׵ͷûбֶΣѴ׷ѡ

Զ㺮ʥӴŭſһƥɭɭ֯һƬ⽫֡
һʥԺޣȴźܺõķԣǼɫ󣬹㺮ʥһŭһɽ֣޾ɱضڲ
ʹ㺮ʥӺǿ󣬿콾УʵϹ㺮ҲǴɣвȽ𽣶˵һλʥһɲǡ
Թ㺮ʥڵһ׷ޱ飬һָֻǰ
ָųâεɱڹâ̲أһƵϯգƬĿռ俪ʼѣһɾɱ

㺮ʥӴУЩâɨȫʼȼʹǼʥķҲУȻҲڹѡ
ʥ飬ԶΪһǧĵŮӣ߳һһҪɱ׷
ƷʥҲǰ֣
׷Įǰһ죬ָ޴ƵģĹâ׵ؽʥ̺ĥˡ
ɱʮˣҽɱ㺮ڳеӡ׷һȭһÿռ¡¡졣
㺮ʥӷ֮ѣ̶𣬳
׷ɱԷ֮󣬻һʧδڴ˵ؾ˵Ȼۼɶ콾ȴһĶ֡
ģš
ԶȥıӰ˼˺ܿ£뺫а壬Ƚ𻢻Ҫǿһߡ
ʹ׵ҲǶ֣ȹڴ٣֮ƥС
ʶ׷սظоԼС˵ʥᲢˣʹһУҲǿļ֮һ
ӳȥұ㷵ؽ𽣶쾫ޣﵽڱ㲻ٳɽˡ
ĬĬԼһĿ֮꣬ý淢չ̫һͬʱΨвϵıǿøá

׷ݵĳ֣ȻǿƵѹ㺮ʥ֮ȥİԼµսӡÿһ콾ĿС
ʶһǿ߳ƺŵ˽ǣ׷һɷԽĸ߷塣
Į۾Լս˼˻һӳȥ󣬶űء
СӣľǸҪˣôҲǻĹʣʮǿŲ̾Եúܾɥ
ЦЦȤôĲˣ
ܱ׷ģ㿪ʲôЦֻ޵·ϵ·˶ѣһᱻһֻѹŰۣûûε˵
¶Цݣ⸱Ҳˣ漴ҡͷЦСӴֵԸ񣬹ûʲôɥ
㺮ʥӵ䣬ո΢аӿ˶Ѿ˽䱸Ψֱ͵Ϯ
ƽ˵صľλôץһλڽ̵ʵ
Ƕڽϻüֶοͨصؾڽ̵ӻս׺ͼɱЩӹúܼ
Ҫȵϣġһưڽ̵һȥһĺ棬˵ץտ
²ʱˣڽ̵սˣǺôųôˡ
ʱһҾɵս˱ƺƵС
һ֧ɰսɵӴսӣģ󣬰ս£һǧʿ
٣ڽ̻ǲƴ֣ʧôֻҳֻ֡Ц
΢ЦΪʧ޶࣬ǲŲϧһǧۺԻƽı־ڱصˡ
һǧʿʲôһȺ߹ѡƲƲ죬ֻҪԼڽԪʿδ塣
飡
һλڽ̵ǿȼؿ˽ƣɵ߿պʦ־ҵȣҵȱۡ
һָһᴩԴ
İɣƾܳ忪Ľƣ񲻻Ц
΢ЦȻǽ𻢻ûҲʹˮ
󣬻ŵĽڽ̵һȫǳϣ
Ͼôˣпܽǽȳ˵ħơ


215 ս벽Ԫ
һָнڽ̵֮ɫݵصŽڽ̷ѣڽѾ´𣬲ڶԷûǿߵ£ʹˮ
䣡
ڽ̰սת˷Ƶģʻ
һǿϢмʮλʿɵ˿С
һ˸ǿڰΪͨɢȵϢȵ˭Ҿнڽ̵ӣ
ʾ⼧ڴϣԼɵУɫѪ񷣬޿ƥеƾ죬һս
ң
ĮȻݲȡ
˵Ӱ׺Ȼ֣ýڽ̰սǰĲȻͬЩʿͣڰУһĿⶼܼɵ
Ž壡
ףȻ㡣
ߣôĵӣȻڽΪУѵô
ˣȴûһ˸Ҽǰ׵սĿãնڽʥӣЩ˶ΪУͬʱޱȵļɵ
΢ЦҼΪУǾûʲô˵ˣҪ˱ɡ
䣡
䣬ڽһսϱһµϢһ˿޵ʥ
һλ˺ն˺ɫսۣһ˫ӥĿɨĮ壬ΪԼ޵вɣҲŴǽڽ̣
ǽڽ̵һλϣѾ̤벽Ԫˣڽڽ㲻ǿߣ۰һֹ
ߣŽ̫ˣڽǴĴɣ˵𽣶Ҳǲ𡣡˰ߣͲױе
Щһ콾ĬĬţû˵Ҳû˳ͷ
ڽ֮սֵõһԹߣ˹ҧȥɡ
Ȼû޵УԸ㹻ˡǿƻӦĿ΢

λڽ̳ϴŭһƵɱͬǿޱȣϣеס
Ϸ·лΧƣٶȼɱһֻͨ屻ľ޴ƴӶ콵ܺˮҷŷһе
죬֣

ײ壬ӰϣֺХնȥһն顣
˶ײһ𣬶ʱХײˮڷڣڲ
ڽ̵ĳϼսһ˲ͽʮУֲֿĲò˶ݡ
콾۾¶ɵ֮ɫ
Ž忪ʼɳˣŶõʱ䣬벽Ԫʿƴˡ
ǴӺգֺɣսԽԽλڽ̳սȷֲһˮˡ
飡
һ棬Ƶ׵ؿڣĵտʼŤǳȵϢܷһС
׺侲˹ȥͬʱҽź£һɽƵѹ
ߣ
ڽ̳Цֳһ޴ĽӰЯŲ赲ѹ
նʱѹ¶޾ͺպڶ
Ӱʩչ⣬ҲΪ֮
ȣ
ײָ罣һ޴Ľ˺˲񷣬Ǿ޴ĽӰȫն顣
䣡
ֲһɲǼѾйȥˣ׵űƻУȫȥ촷ۣ¶
ͬԷҲûкܣں󱳣ķѡ
Ŷ
ڽ̳ϷˣһھѪ˫ֻǰȻʩչһǿ
ֻӵĴ󶦳УͨȼŻ棬ɢɬֲϢ
ŶХѹס
ǽڽ̵ŶһǿԽڽ̵õԶŵľŴ𶦣ǿĵ֮һ
Ⲣǽڽ̵𶦣ǰڽһλݾŴ𶦴ɱ֮ǿԪʿٻ𶦵ɱһеˡ
Ŷѹأÿһֻаɴ󣬺գΧơ
䣡
Ŷͬʱ޾Ļ棬εΪ׳ۣɽƵĻ潫װΧ
ɫأĳ
ʼѣܵĻ̫СƣһƬ׹ɽ޷۳Ρ

һ𣬷˿ƮɽٶٿȻ籡
תɾѵ̶סڵȫգǿһ
ǬһʱԳֻǾֻĺֲܿս޷֧̫á
Сӣ
սϼһԮȡ
ã
һȣһȼձѪǬ޽ɢȥƵĽûһƬǽ壡
ã
Ǭ
ɽӣ
죡
³޼Ĵ


216 ޵
䣡
ĸ³֮һɺƴĽ籡
ΧǴһ¶֮ɫ
󽣾
ǲҪôȻʹһУ֪ǽ𽣶֮һΨдﵽ벽Ԫ۷ʩչܳŵס󽣾ѹ
Ž˫ĿԣʯķѡҲɫص˵
󽣾
콾üͷ΢΢һһĿ¶ޱȼɵ֮ɫ
ȣ
״һ㣬ҪȼձѪһɳѪա

ߣĵ޴Ľ޵ʵ˳
ǳĽ羪İǿĲ˼顣
ɲǼ䱻Ťʼѣ޷ĵ޴Ľ
飡
ӾѪǺɣˣһХϵɾס壬ûѡ
ˣ
ĵɢ嫵ܣȻתһܣɳ
ǾװĽᴩգƽһɾ޴ķ籩ȥ֮ʱܵĿݺݵѹγһƬ״̬
䣡
һ򷨣ˣ
󽣾𽣶ǿ֮һ
ײٿĵ޴ĽɨѨһײŶϣϲ
ҡҡ׹ѪȾ壬ͺϲ£ۿҪѡ
ʱޱȵ侲ԺиֳɾƪķһΪá
һǿƽײŶ޸壬ķѶ
䣡
һ㣬ĵݺײھŶϣֻһ¾ײ˾Ŷձѣʲôˣ翪ٵһ㣬Ǿ˵ನɢȥǧɣ¡¡ı

ĵ϶ΪһһǧɳĽ˺գâնȥ
ǽڽ̳϶ʱ󺧣¶;֮ɫ
Ӱӳ
һŭ𣬵ҲѾ޼ˣɨûʲô赲
ƺƵĽɨһţ󽣾һȫ޵У
ҪǽڽǲŹġ
ǽڽ̳Ϸ֮Ĳҽɨ壬˲ѣԪڷɳҪԶݶȥȻһĨУɲǼ
ð벽Ԫʿôʧ䣬ǿɱˣ
ȫž
̫ˣŴͲŵؿһУþõزܻ
ඥ콾ɫڽλ벽ԪʿȻôһ³Ԫûѡ
ףһ֮벽Ԫս̫񻰣ֱš
ڽ̵ʿѾ˵ʿ¶֮ɫʵŽսµֵز
ǵһλ϶նɱ

־壡
սϵʿȫŵûսе̱ϣŶ£嵽㡣
Զ˫ɫ׵Ĳһ;޴ǱǶе޴ѹһŽɳ˭ѹ
Ĺ̥Ѿһ콾ˣвٵ콾жܼɵΪһ𣬽˵جΡ
һӢƵۣպûƢ
飡
һ죬˶ع񣬿ڿУԡѪס
ױеڽ̳֮Լӽ״̬ûѹס󽣾ľ޴ķѣΨһͷ­ġ
ѪǺɣ˰ա
𶯣ӡ
ս̫ˣ׹ȻʤˣҲʤüΪѣһ˿ҲҪˡ
ˢ
Ӱˣ硢ҹƷսס˵ס
𣡡
Уֻʣһͷ­״ƯڰеѪǷ⣬ʼѸٵĺ£
ѵ𽥺£һʱѾ۳ΣֻϢ΢˼ء
Сӣû°ɡĵʵ
¶һЦݣ˵ģСһˣƿŽ̴ʱѼʮζ޷οһζѡ
û¾ͺãҲҪһˣͷֺҹֱСӡ
ͷЦݣʵ¶һ˿ɱ
ģֻҪһϢڣ㲻˵֡΢΢һЦȻԳǿս
ã
ЦЦŴһڿ䣬һƵɱڽˡ
Ȼ´ô㳹˺ɣ
ƽȻһƤЦģױӢ۹һ񾡣
ǶԴˣϾɱΨԼøһЩ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ڽЩʿˣϵرݻһ֮Կʮ˿·硣


217 Ѫ
˽ڽ̳ϣȻˣսҲ˾㤡
念ٶôĿ죬£֮Ȼ˫âʮɣµĿò콾
䣡
޾ǳ֮ӿڣԿģһ޴ľ۶ɣԴԴϴѨдȫÿһ䡣

Ԫʿп۵ľȻ԰쵽ˣôô
̫ˣɳ޵еĴڣᳬļӢۡ
ģ˱ˣôŽ塣Լ˫ʡ
ЦŽҲУ׵ѪͲпѧģԵѪԼͬѪ
˻һ˶ĬˣȫΪȻ
ƴҲҪжԷʣԲðôΪԲͻͬԼҲ
׾ôˣ˵ԼžԵģԼ
ͲεԼᵽ̬һҲѧġ
밵г֣Ž廹δɳʱ֮ĨɱҹƷǵرֳĬ
˫ҶֵҲóȻ֣Ψʲôʡ
һ䣬ɫѾָ糣ֻǷƽҲֻԼ֪ˡ

ڽʮʿ÷ǳңֻǶԷ̫࣬ΪһʱҲκβöԷ
ȻЩΪߣսƽƽԼľ콾ҲֻܱܵĻᶼûС
ңʮеĺԽŨء
һ׻ָսǽǵجΣֻ˶߲ˡ
䣡
ʱһХɫѪٴιᴩ񷣬Ǻ嫵˶ݡ
̶̵İʱڣȬ
Ѫȣ˻תĿ£𶯾졣
ʾҹƷ粻趯Լ̤ӡս
˭Ҳ߲ˣǿƶԵֺ飬ѹʿ򱬣ɲǼ

׼սƱǣЦֵܱЩ쵰
ƾˣɱ䣬Ͳ顣
һȺʿɱĵûƣΪսʱٳ״˻ᡣ
һȭƺƵӳݿֽ˴ʬ޴棡
սԽԽ󣬲ǧɣǧ֮ɱڣһɹɷ籩γɡ
ӿǧˣͻҲɱ֮
Ųӡ䲻ݷʥ͵Ϯұ񵶽һһתһƴһλʿĺ󱳣ԷһƬѪ
ķزֻضҪѣ׺ͼ콾֣ܺɨһе֡
ɱ飬һλλʿֻһյʱ䣬ЩʿϤսһڡ
ȭѳգһķɳǧɳľХƵĳһս
Ҫնɱ
䣡
ɵսܼӲ赲Х磬ȴֵܵ׵ȭ
¡һһսķѣʿѪǺɣԶ
Զ¶һ˿֮ɫҪȴҹƷֹˡ
һɸߵҹƷ缫׳죬Ŀ⵭Ȼؿ׺ͼһߵɱͬʱ紫
ѵҪھô׼Ȼڽ̽ýڽ̵պڽ޾ı
粻̣ЩͨʿѣûҪֻɱЩ˲вġ
Ǻǡ
ҹƷЦ˵ϧǽڽʿ꼧ɱ򵨺ڿ˸˵ô
ЦһҲ֪ҹƷ˵Ĳ޵ǿһЩպ鷳ȷǳ࣬Ȼһս󣬲˭Ҫ׳֣ٽ
׵Ѫпᡢǿơ飬ѾӡÿһУĥ
䣡
裬һսķѣѪȾ˰죬ⳡпս۲սᣡ
ۣһʱڽһǧ˾ɱͬһλ벽Ԫʿ
һսº
Уô˵
ԵǿƵһ棬չָˡ
˫ɫ׵սǸеѹһɽƵѹ˶ˡ
ɶ֪꼧Ӣ۵ķ棬һɳҲûƢһʱݺ޵֡
ѵһλ콾ճˣмӢۣŽô
׵Ŀܸӣмλ콾ޱȣĬĬؿһۣԼͬתصա
һս
׳״˺պѾȴ֮ģԸ·档


218 ؾ
Ѫͻ
Ϲ⵴ʱɫһϣֻлŻѪȣɫ΢Щطشա
һսºò콾ηˣ˫Ķ콾ȻڵӣҲѾΪµĶ֣һĴУ
ƽرؾʱҲԸˣڽ̾ǰ֮һǧ˱ɱ־һҲˡ
׻صս󣬴Щڽ̵Ѿˣعڵϣţм˵һԡ
ģҲɱ֮ˣЩӶǸ𿪴ͻʳҲɱǡ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ɱ֮ˣֻϧɼڸղֵǿһЩԺи鷳
ĸǰ㣬һ·ѹȥֱΪ۷Ĵڣ˵ǡ

ǵսϣҹƷǶҹƷ绹һƿƣ߱޼ֻͷ˫ԵýΪࡣ
ԶϬţһ壬ͳ壬εʸͨ󣬱ȼĹ֮
ְɱѪڣ޲ôְҹƷ൱յϾʹЦ
ιιأǲҲ˾а֮أһ˵
˫мĶӣϻοġҹƷԼܿᵽӢ۵ʱһ˿𾴡
Цֽմ磬ֻԺᱻܶ˵ˡ
ʲô˭Ҵֵܵ⣬һɱҹƷֵ
˽봬գнڽ̵ӱ˾ϯºҹƷ˵Ͼơ
һ͵ơ
ҹϲƣ͵һ̳ƣҹۺһˡ״Ȥ
ΧȵúܾˣҹƷͼ̸޲ϿͷΪֵܡ
׺Цһ컯ݱҲ൱һӣһǼӣ˾㤵ĺ̨
Ʒ磬ҹðɣҸ׳ҹƹѲʵ
ţϵ岻Ȣһţ̫ҸˡҹƷпгĽʺޡ
Ӣѣ˽֪飬ǱΪ飬һ𴳵ʼԴǣֵ췭ظ»ĹҶǶͷۡ
ٺִʵӢִƼңҲѾþòˡ
Ҳһˣᣬֻš
Ҹ׳˵ֻܵϧҹҹ˼κڹᵽڡһھƣҡͷ̾
ҹƷһھ۾޳ܡ˵ֲεĻҲ˵ΪΣǰйϵġ
ЦЦжԼӢ۵ľ岻ֶһ֡
󾿾ʲôĸѹһǿ̧ͷһҹȻ֡
ǾɣòӰ꣬ʷĳжţ
ҹ֣ηҲڳô׸ҹƷ絹һƣʵ
ȻҲˡҹƷЦ϶أϾ˼ǡ
ҹ䳾ʵǿηδǶ֡΢üͷЩǡ
ҹƷһЦַģ绹˻ͻأ϶Ƕ֡
ȻҹֶôģȻηҹ䳾״Цٱˮһ
һͷʳһɺȻ¶ЦƽؾʱˣҲؾиӦλΪΣ
Ű˵СһӣǼȻһȾˣȻǽ
΢΢Щ죬˵ܾǻƽıأȥñ˵Ķһ
׵㶣β˵֣Ȼһӡ
ҲЦִɲھΣйһ仰Ӱȡ֮ԵȻǻƽԸؾҵѰ㲻
룬ͷ޵ǣ̫ظˡ
һļһﰡ̾ϢҹƷƱյȵòֺ
ȻҹƷζͶպܳΪõѣ񵱳Ӣۺһ

䣡
ҹʱ֣һ纣ңԶбĿ콾ȻĿ⣬Ӵ߳
ɫһɹǿƥɢţǧɿռŤһ쳣ӴϢңԶ֮⴫
ؾҪˣ
սѾʼ׼ʱƽؾڴѰҲ֪еĲ䵽̲˶پ䡣
飡
翪ٵذԶĿռ䱻ѿһɢͨӲ֪Զǰ


219 Ѱ
·һ㣬ɸɫ۶ɵͨǧɣһֱ˼ʮ׽ԶҲֻܿͨľͷһ޴ĵ졣
ؾˣ
ʾڽ̵ӿͨͷĵʻȥ
Ҳˣһսٶسŵȥ
ؾˣҪʲôսֱӷɹȥһС
΢΢һЦҲͬ뷨ʩչӡ˿һ㣬Ծս
ʱһһǿӰӸսϷɳȫŵȥ
Ѿ˴콾ȫϵɫܽһ߳ؾȥͬʱҪ˳͵Ϯ
ؾ˷ӿȥֻգۼ书򣬴ʱѾһɵǰ档
䣡
ʱһɢµϢɴСûѹס
תһƻҰɫ籩Ƶк£ޱȵͿ¡
һʥ֪λ콾г֣شס

ٶȲɫ糣ֱӼ˳ұ񵶡
â磬һҽǰ㲻źۼǿֲƥʥһУһִĵâҫ˺ҹնɷ顣
ʱҲѾɵͷһ޴ĵڿУ֡
ؼʥȫһƽؾ
һǿӰҲŽ룬һսҲײʻȥ

һƬƴҹ硣
һ޼ʵԭҰҲһ׳ĺһɽɽľï
һ̫ɢůĹâȻ̫ɫ΢ݡ
Ⲣʵ̫һ̫澫ƶɣϻһſǳʱʱ֣ϸȥ֪ҲǼٵģľƵġ
֪ˣ
۾ʱȫˡ
νĻƽؾһʥı磬ƽ彫ر˱С
ֲҲҲصλãУֻлƽʿܴ򿪡
䣡
Ƭ̹صıӿӰ콾ˡ
ûȥս뱦ʿǲӡԶȥ
ƽı࣬ǰԱʿ࣬ʱԵ䱦
ҺãѰѰܿһ
ˢ
·һˮӯӯģһ㵹ӳյơ
֣Ĺбаɴ󣬻һˮһ̳
һмʮɵ裬һɣǧأԳƵ⾪ϲ
ַ봢ָУٴǰȥ
ͬʱ
ɽҰӰʿ˵صĲ٣ֶᱦ
ò˵ƽıصȷʢҼû޻ء
ʱȥױջķᣬڼõ޴裬һͿյɽҵ޹ǡ
Щ޹Ǳ꣬Ȼûи࣬ɢصĹâ
ΪЩ޹ǵǰҲʥõһİ벽ʥʬ
ʬ׸һɽһмػϷ˿ӡ
޽ӽѰʦҲܷʬ
޹ǼõϣЩһüǮ
׻û㡣
ƽôƸһЩ衢޹ʲô˵رȻи˵ıء
ֹʱɫˣ̫֮Ƶ̫
ڼֵõٱܷĹҩȫֵǣջ񼫴
Ȼ֮⣬ʿҲõٱϾôҲܵõȫıء
ţ
ֹ˰ʱĿͣ½ŲԶʮɿɽ壬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ɽۣܲɸ߶ѣΧɽǰƵģû˻⡣
Ѱۣʱͷִ˵شѰ
󣡡
һ޵ػɽ壬δֻҪ˸ƻ˵أ˲ڴĽͻѵɸӡ
ر
൱һˣصĴŴ˵أûر˭Ҳš
ĬĬ֮ģͼʱҵ۲֮
ˢ
ʱǿӰԶ
壡
⼸˿׺¶ޱȼɵ֮ɫ
ڽۺĺ飬ʵסˣһ콾ֵ֮ͨĵӶûˡ
λôջѰۣתͷ
λս۵꣬϶һͷչɵƣֲǷˡ
׿ڵͼʱ⼸˵ݡ


220 ɱ
⾹Ȼ֣ǸڳȻ˵ʱĹС
Ǻǡ
һλԽڶ΢Ц¹ʯҵλʦܣһᡣ
ĴգĿ΢Щݲͣǹʯͷɣ̲ȵһλĿ塣
΢΢һЦͷʾѺ֮⣬ͬʱҲһ̬ȣϣ⼸˾뿪Ըཻ
ʯ΢΢üϳһֵ̣ϵָڷɿʾ˵ر
֣ɽڲرʯδ뿪Ц
ɫ⼸ᱦˡ
ʯ·ûɫԹЦȻҲǹĳҲСˣ˵صرھ󣬻ָһݡ
ЦЦ⼸˵ӻ治СȻƵͷˡ
ѵ֪Ѱʦô˵رѷ֣ƽɽĽƣȻˣĳҲùְһˣǧ裬ֱ١
һ豻óӸʯҲȷ߶Էı޹أǧڸһӡ
ʯЦЦ𽥱ⶪһԣ˵ְҵͯô˵ĳȻǴɵʥӣһЩ軹еġ
ֵ˼ǣ
˵رƽ֡ʯ΢Ц
ҲЦˣƽܡ
壬㣬ɲ㣬ԹԵóطǽһԵڳô࣬ǹҵѣʲôڽ̡쵶Ŷɲ¡
ʯû˵һλվߣһӸµɫ

ûǷϻɽӵܣûз
ף̫֪Ȥˡʯɫüͷ
ڹҲɱ㣬ٲߣ𡣡׸ǿƣ޾κ
㣡
ʯŭĿȻһƬ⣬һµɱ纣Хϯ
ģ
аһ䣬Ҫ⼸֣ɽڵıѾȡˡ
ɱ˽壬ȡʯһλſ³һ˸Ĵɡɡڿоתһɫ뵱
ͬʱʯҲˣһϢϸֳͬʱֳһͷ޴İ׻
һͷİ׻һ㣬ᣬɢޱߵѹ
ȣ
ʯһİ׻ӰʵʣͬʱһХ˲񷣬ѹգѹ
µϢأʯ¶ȻЦݣǼġ
䣡
ɫ飬Ӧǵֻһ˫ȭɫѪᴩ˲񷣬һ˫ȭµƣͷΪʵİ׻ñѡ
ţħһ˹ȥӳʯ׻ȫѪɳȥ

һ˸ǰɡƬŽâݺ䣬˱㱻նƬѪȾһƬա
㡭Ҷǳ֣ѵǧ׷ɱ𣿡
ʯȫˣ׵һȭҪǿ岻ѣ¶ź;֮ɫ
û׽ֹˣǲ׾жôǿҲ׿Խ֮ôҲ벻ԷһȭӲס
ͣ
֮ϻָ罣һ˳һƽɹ¹ʯԴ

սһЩˣ׶еĽɫѪᴩպʶȤûйȥ֡
Ž̫ײˣ
ǲ콾׵ۣһ콾֮֮⣬ͨ콾ֵʸûˡ
ɱļλʿɫ䣬Ҳûһ˿תͷ֮ģ
ⷽȻܵסˣ׶ȴˣ֮£ⷽеİضѾ⿪ˡ
ǣ
ջѰۣһڣѰķ
ɵػӳһ͵׼ȷޱȵشϡ
¡¡
ɽʯѣضʼѣһĹ֣۱ƻ֮ⷽɱ֮صĴҲ𽥽ɢ𽥻Ϊޡ
ʱ
رɽ壬׶Ծȫ
ȥɽɢ⣬ǧֱһʥеϢƺƵǵذâᴩգǧɸߣ˱硣
һ߽ʥȼȳұ񵶻Ҫߡ𶯣ƽҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һʥ
߽ʥϢ˭ôãȻҵʥ
ǽ壡
ԶӰҲʼɧʥջ̫ˣʹԷײеŽ壬ЩҲԸһԡ


221 
ȣ˭ֵܵıԶһɾ춯ذϯҹƷһԶ
ƾˣһǿİ벽ʥһӣѰ˭
СӣҾ֪ã߽ʥǺö
һǿϢһ߶̤գٷ
׿ʱɲ٣԰ȵȥȡصʥˡ
ɽͨоʥҪҺʥ˲ٿصʱ򲢲ˣ׵Ϊ޷
飡
һȭɽ壬ɽ˲䣬ҫ񷣬ƺƵʥϢۺ죬޲ϳᡣ
ֻǼҹƷһԻ׼ʱ֣Щ˸ûлˮ㡣
һ࣬ɢɫĴ󹭳С
꣬һƵģźĪܡ
صʥĿ⣬һǿʥпǴʥ
󹭾ڿУâȴûɱ֮һ屦
ȴûмʸѵ۳Եô
󹭺Ǿر޷жǼƷʥпǴʥҲ˵
ر˶۲׽ȡߣŽĴָС
ɫʧħӰҲԶȻ˫뿪Ҷֵˡ
ǲûгᣬ۹ⶼƽֻĮȻؿ׵õ
ܵɢȥ׵ĻȻ˼ʣ˵ؿ϶رûб֣ʿѸٵɢȥȥѰҸԵĻԵ
ҹƷ
ЦС԰ôʱھջ񡣡һ˵ţͬʱСӣǧҪŹһľ
ɫ䣬ҲȥϵŹ
˵ãƺڲؾŹĽܣǻصȥҼңҸ֪Źİء
á
ϴӦΪҲŹ棬ԲֹϿȥô򵥡
ǾƽȻҲûпҲⶪˡ
ĬĬţʵʱ䣬ǵջΣ
ҹƷƲƲ죬ΪΣõһЩҩõ޹Ƕѡ
˸߲ңЦһɽڼ񵽼ƿϺõĵҩ˺Ч
ЦЦ˦ȥ޴裺Ӧõõġ
ǧ谡СǴ󷽡۹һæһߡ
ҹƷҲûпǶ֪ѰʦЩʲô
ЦҾҪСӽŲˣ۾̫ˣƽıض㼸
û⡣
΢ЦõıǾ֡
ҹƷЦ̫Կˣһ룬Һͼʣһɡ
Ҳͷͷţ˵úܶԣҲô̰ĵ
ҹƷǿˣΣֵģţƺ̫ˡ
Ц㲻һͷţô
ôаɣҹǲǼҡҹƷ緭ۣԼŵԸҲӦˡ
˵Цţ׼뿪˵أǰطѰܴ󣬻طпܲر
䣡
׼˸׼ȥԶһԾصϢƺƵһɾǿƣһ߽Ƶġ
һֲӰſֲѹ󻹸żˣ㶼Ϊһһĺ֡
ҹԪסɫ΢ݡ
ҹƷƲƲ죺Ȼҹգʵӡɲá
ͬƲƲЦзеСڴҹԪһٿ϶һǳˬ顣
䣡
ҹԪɫսۣķʵ۳ѲһŴϣǡ
ת۶䵽ϣ಻ɡ
ҹԪ˾ͦΣͶɢһ۵ȣĴӡ
ףҹԪ׾Ӹµشˣֶ˫ǳһɲ⡣
ͬʱü
Ƕж˵ǼҹƷ硣
˳߹ҹԪױҪֲö࣬Ȼ̬ȸǣֱԭ¡
üһͷ˵ʲô¸Ͻ˵ûʱг
ҹƷҲЦģĻҲǰװǻƣΪġ
ҹԪüͷ΢΢һɫ΢Щãƺ̫Ӧ˸Ҷ
ֻǼҹƷݷͬСɣҹԪȻ԰Ҳҹַ
ףΪһѪʯʦֵܼ˿ɱģҹԪ׳ĬƬ̣Ǹ߸ϵı飬Ȼ䵭
ʲô𣿡ױ䵭̹ȻӭҹԪ׵Ŀ⡣


222 竻
ԽڶؿĴӣɫ̲ǳĮȻ
ҹԪײδһλһ˿ɫȵôĵӣҲɱ˾Ž壬ﲻС
ɫ˲ʧԭأһɲǳǰһȭݺݻ
䣡
ʿѵһȭ֮һȭգŷ׺Х
ոջڳԵɫ󺧣ֻüһҽбȫѣһѪ

ҹԪ״ŭ˫ĿâȴȻֹסŲɫ쳣ء
һ°嫵סǰһɫѪؿҹԪףֻҪԷϴǿһ
˻ͬʱЦҹԪףԣΪǲɱô
ҹԪɫأĿⶢףüɱĵӣұһ
ҹƷһЦޱһɱ˹ȥĿ겢ҹԪףӡ
ʵ̫ǿˣʵɱʩչҹԪʿȫûеֵ֮һһѪ̼˱ʬ޴棬òˡ
ŨŨѪζܣҹƷƵؿҹԪףڱҲɱˣҲҪҸһ˵ô
ҹԪɫ䡣
˺ǿƣͲı
ҹԪ׾ǵĵԸɱֱԼ
ʹȥҲһǧɣ֪жʿйעţҪΪԼ¶ˣֻ̼ͻȥĴҲͳЦ
˭ɱˣһ˵Ҳ⡣
ҹԪĿ˸һ˿ĪĹâƾˣ˫ɫԽĮ
Цˣ˵治ĴӣȻ磬սô
ߣ
ҹԪЦźۼ˺ʮɣȵɱǺ뱾Զ֡
䣡
δ䣬ͻȻɢһɺ嫵ʥʥ˵Ϣϯ˾ʮأһ궼ҪսĿֲڱ
һӰҹԪ׼ȷ˵Ǵڷɳ
׼ɫ䣬һ˺󼸰ɲͣ£ʥϢǰնŤʥĿֲ¶ɡ
Χֵʿͬһɫ䣬æɵУΨֱʥ
ʥֻۣһʥɱһΪһȭܴСǳʿž޴Ĳ
ԪһҲ֪ԪĿºͿֲʹ벽Ԫ۷ʿʥҲ޲ͬһֻͷȽϴ϶ѡ
ֲҹԪ޿֣治صĻӣھȻһʥսū
ȷһʥսūһλʥ˿ܣȻ
ɶûһλʥһλжʥ˼սūһСʿ̾Ϣ
ҹԪ¶һ˿̵Цݣ֮е׵鷳̵ľʥսū
ʥмڲƽᱦԶǧ֮⣬ҹԪ׵ΪԼʥսūԺɨ£νŽʲôսūһȫɱ
˳ɣ˲Լͬ¶ͬһֱ飬ǾȻ
ӵı£
Լûж־ȲųƣԭеϺǿǽĻϣǿ󲢷ԴԱ
׵¶һ˿΢Ц
˽ִʹ񳯵񣬿ͻᱻɹϷָɾ
ģôģһϢûСŰۣһ㲻İΣ
ʥսūûж֣ҹԪҲóȻԼҺʵ֣ҪֻǶԷĵǸ
ֻҪ׿ϹǸӮӣⳡ粨ôȥˣҲǴ˵顣
Ǹǲ
ҹԪ׸߸ϣܲٿһ㣬ŨŨİ
ģһһ竵ļһﰡһʥսūѣԼ̫¡
ҹԪһüͷϵ˵ǼҵӣղƽϣǸҷһ·
ŴɱսūȻס
΢΢һһߴ߶ѪֵźƺƵʥͬʱ֪Ŵ󹭵ôʹǻҲûмʸ
ҲµĲӦþǴ˵еıǹǷǳϵֻҪǴ߶ңӦûɹġҲȷ
ȷ
Ҳȷһԣѵ붯õҹԪַƴһѣ
ţһԡ
װдҹƷ磬ͷţҲԸһԣɱʥսū


223 
ʥϢǵأһǿʥսūŽһɸߵУſɱһ콾ʵ
ȻѾʶֻһֻ֪սĿܣͬǿһɽӡ
Զ˫ӰУĮؿҹԪףٿʥսū˫¶һ˿
ҹԪײ˶ѣδսӣͬʱЩ콾ĿҲһ˿ɻ
ҹԪ׻ֻ̫Ӳûг񳯴ôãѡôһ˼̳Ӵ

ҹԪóʥսūд󶨣̬ϣȵǸձڡ
䣡
û˵ӴָнŴ˳
һȡǿĹŵϢŴɢ飬ʥ˵ϢѣȻһ׵֣ǰ
ɲǼ䣬Ŵ󹭱ԼɴһµϢţ˸ĪԵüغǿ
䣬µķţϸȥܿм临ӵͼɽӣĵۣƺ֮ǰش
Ŵٴγ֣ٴ˵Ŀ⣬˫뿪˸¶ӵĿ⡣
Ƕǵ콾׿ԽܸоŴ󹭵ĲһʥһҲ˵
ҹԪ׿ǰĴ󹭣ʱ¶̰֮ɫ˫˵壬ϵǸҲգֻҪŴ󹭣ҿԽҹ
׳գ
Цһ׵ͷĿҲ΢΢ͷһңңڡ
䣡
ɫѪԽҫۣᴩǧɸߣ״һӣ޾ľ񹭸ǣͼ޾󹭣ɱʥսū
ǶԴ˲û̫գѾ׼һ޷󹭣㽫͸һ߿óԾʥսū
ȣ
ҹƷ𣬻ɸߣԴѾ˾޴ţͷϢ졣
ͬһӣһϡ
콾޾Ԩһľȫ֡
ҹԪɫ΢䣬ȻҲ̫ɵ֪ԷôɱԼսūɫü
֪ôսūɱǣ
𣡡
ʥ˼սū˻𶯾죬ʹսʿѾԶˣҲѪ嶼ѡ
˴󺧣սūֲ̫ˣǵʥߵս
Ȼ֪ôȥɣ
ҹԪ¶֮ɫط߶ʥսūҪɱˡ
𣡡
ٴһ޺սūߵ˲ˣһɺƵϢǵأ·ѹʮأմıսūĿֲ
Һã
˵һλʥı磬Сǳļ̣Ϊһλʥսū
׵壬ԭҪʥ˵ĺŭһǰĴȴ˵ҲһƬ⣬סŭȡ
ͬʱ
󹭾ҵĲ޾ľʥսū˫ش̼£һϸϸĹ𽥵ĳˡ
Сӣңɱսūͷ麹Դ
ҹƷ綼˺ľ˿̽ӽˣҺ÷ʳ˼öҩŲڱ󹭳˸ɡ
䣡
ʱʥսū֣һֻɿݵĴɢֲܣɽһֶ
ͣ
һɫⴹָ޾ĺɫ⣬δһµĽȴˡ
ռҪ򴩣ʥ˵Ϣɡ
ɫ䣬˫Ѿץס˹ңһص˳ŹҴȫ
һľΪ֮һƣ̬һɨգȫľҲ˲ˡ
һ̣оԼǰδеǿ
ȣ
׷˿裬ɫѪε̶ˣһþȫ״
ǹѾٲҵʱؼľ˷۶һ۵ϡ
һּ𺳵ľ
һ£ľƼһ޴ɫû˴󹭣ܹâʢͬ˶õٺô
ؾ壬˼ҹƷ缴ɺԵĵ;
ɫĮƺѾǹһ΢ϵʱ˫ֶȻſ
䣡
һɱʥսūҪǿĪϢˣޱ޼ʵɨķۿɼ˾ǧɸߣȻݺɢȥҵĺ
һɫӱǹȥǧɳ·䶼⣬סߣֲֿܣ˫˶˳ȥԶ
ʹˣһ˿ɱҲգе˱һɱ˵弸飬ȫ¶ɫٴ˺ǧɲֹסŲ


224 һսū
һǧ೤͸һɻĹšǿϢ޾ɫâǵأա
һɭɱ˲ѣɽӷ·𶼲ˡ
䣡
ǰɳݣһ⣬ɢĹâͽеĺɫ
飡
ǸɿݵĴײ˶ںˣԲǧɳ̮ճѡ
׵˱ǹţⳡ籩ûܵɫâ˸סɽӣǽ²ûѿ
ɱϯأ޼᲻ݣǸɿݵƶײȻҫ۵Ĺâ˴ƬأɲǼ䴩͸˸ɿݵƣʥ˵һƻ顣
ͣ
ƻʧͬʱɽХ͸գֱʥսūüġ
𣡡
ԶҹԪ״󺧣ƴȫʥսūȫ渴߿ֲսū޴ŭֱ˿ռ䣬һɫֱ
飡
ǧɵɫٴײԤϣٶȲδֹͣ䴩͸غŴ͸ʥսūüġ

ѣͬʥսūҲڱըޱߵɱϯ죬գ綼ڲйսʿѾԶȥΨֲԼ
Բǧ֮ڱ˻羰ҹԪҽжûü㱻һɱɨ˲ɻҡ
˵սľɱǹҲͻ촷ˡ
ʥը̫ˣ˰ʱ˵زָƽҲѾһƬǽ壬ȺɽԻ٣·Ϊ޳Ѫζ̱ǡ
ʥսūʬǵǣǴڵļͷûбǿ飬ǾڿУʧȥ˹
ʧǹҲɢȥ⣬ץзŻڴָС
һۣжǹһʥǼֵ
ۼͣ૵ѵǴ˵еıǹǻĹųڵﰡСӣȻصһҪȥҼһˣҸ׼˹
΢΢һЦ˵ӢһѾĽãȻҪġ
˵ͬʱʥսūϻδݻٵĹͷߣȫڴָڡ
ߵϴô𣿼ͷҲҪߣ
ʥ˵Ѫǣ޼᲻ݣϺòϣҲ֪ҺڱôӶ
ҹƷͼëԸ൱ΣǿѰʦ֮һôô
˻гʱ򣬹ⳡսķ粨硣
һɱʥˣս̫λˣֱ߸˵ۡ
˵һʿЩ콾ʼĬɫĿ¡
˭֪죬ڻƽؾҵ˲ɢĴ󹭶ȻǾǴʥҲ˵
ģ˱ˣ̫ˣǵҲҵһɱʥˣûۿ˭ţ
Ѱʦıӹķۣ𲻿ɵˡ
ɳʱ֮ɱ͵ڶӢ
˵ᵽӢ۵ʱɫԵһ䣬תơ
Ӣ۰겻ңȻԺգʼһ񻰣עʷŵĴܡ

һնɱʥսūֹʱ״żҹƷ糯ȥһ·ջķᣬѰ²Źκмֵı
˶׵ѰóϷһֱǱɱ֣ؾΪģܿԡ
˷ֵ˲ٺö׶ԼֵܴСֱֵЦ˿ûһ˿콾ģ
ߵͷ˰
Ѫһ޴ĹǰǧɣͨҺɫ˯ĺһ㡣
½½أ˷ʿˣͬߵ˾ͷ޴󹬵ǰ
ˢˢˢ
һǿӰգҺɫ൱Զľ롣
ƽѾĻʿǰѰбȻżĺ壬ܽ⿪еš
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢䣬˫ĿâԶ
ôˣæʵ
ͨرˣҵһ˿ӡҲĨȥˡüͷͳ
֮ǰ͵ĻƽаУѰһ˿ӡղһصֱӹر˳ڣԼо³λþڹڡ
ҹƷߵƽʲôѵɱô뱻ˡ
䡣ɫƽһԷЦ΢΢ͷ
粻ôУҪӣû취ͬС


225 ֮
ɫ޴󹬵棬ۼʿԽԽ࣬˻ô£ס˫˶Զ֮ΣͬԶԶعš
֣ǿѰʦ֮һĲѰѾߵͷ߳ȥأһ콾Զʣܿ
Ŀ⳯Ҳ˲ģ˺򴩱磬һЩ콾֣ȷԴһڡ
ڱ£ˣұƵ˹棬λҲûвѯ
ЦЦܵȻذԼ֪˵
ð죬Ǻ⹬ܳȥˡһλ콾Ц
˳ĬΪһ⣬̫ˣǱԴ
ˢ
ͻȻ䣬һӿȵϢӹڴһߴӰգһ߳
ͨɢŽӲӵĹâ׵ĽɫѪͬļ貵Ľɫƽһ㡣
һݣ˻ƽˡ
һλǿ飬壬Ҳ壬ǴԶ壬ԶʱƽҲһǿѾˡ
̣ͨڲһ֮һλǿİ벽ԪʿѾﵽ۷徳磬񶼾н꣬ѾﵽԪ߽ס
ӢȻһģҲܿóʱȻ信ʣֻһƽƤȴԵЩࡣ
Ǻǣӭλǻƽأаƽε峤
аУϢӲӵƤϹâ˸ǿ
峤ʿ׶֡
Ͼ˵ػڻƽ壬ڻƽشչαЩ˼
а΢΢һЦֵĳʹһЩֶ콾ˣϣǲҪ⡣
峤ˣҲĸԸģѾõʵݵĺôһλ콾Цص峤̣ҵԸϴ
˵֮ǴĻʳһλӣƽڲۣ˿˵壬ɢһ۵ȣ˸߿һۡ
аЦЦԵĳȷЩλԲŲӣλ
峤ԡ˫ɫȻ˵
ǺãĳͲȦˡ
аЦУ콾ƿڣҲλЦǻƽ嵨СԸκ񶼵ⳡ֮սС
ĳҲսǻƽҲδܵõôĳ˼ȥֻҪ֮޾ıһƽ
ˣЦλõıزǻƽľţһëѣǻиıزڡ
ĳ飬һǽǻƽ彫Ǩֱⳡս
ڶĸɰһرн꣬ĹɿţѡʮΪꡣ
аһ˵󣬱鵭ȻһԣҲڳĬںʧ
Ǻǡ
ʱҶЦˣĿ˸һ˿Ű֮ɫЦЦ峤Լôô
ҶСкָ̣аһھ͵Ҷֵݣ֤۹Ƿ
Ҷ΢΢һаЦѵ峤Ⱥ֮ɱ֮ȥᱦô
ʵҶ˵ѾһɱҪɱ˶ᱦ
ס˫ȶ콾ȴûаȻе˵ⷬȻ̣ʱ˭Ȼµѹ
䣡
˰ͲסЯһ벽ʥɱȥҪɱаȡڵ
һƬڹ˸һλ콾ʥУһȭǰѹʾǿս
󲿷ֻھ䣬аװǻƣǲ侮ʯȺ֮
˾鷢ˡ
һǿϡϢӹڳϢǿĲ˼飬һ־˵սľҲ⡣
һʥ
˾ɫˣٺˣΨֱ꼰㡣
һֻ԰׵ĴִӹסأҲסؾһ콾ӴԷѾʬ޴档
԰׵ƻصڣȻһ˿ǿϢ纣ǿǵƷ·ܿٵأһƬǿա
аʼɫ䣬ϻһ˿Цݣɵ˵ǻƽ䲻֮ĴսΪԱĲꡣ
һʥꣿҶĿбŰ֮ɫʧˣޱȽ
šаЦ


226 ŷϴ
вһ˿Ԩǿ󲻿ɹϢһʥϢޱȵǿ޷жôǿ󣬿ЩҲסʥһ
ƽȻвɲĵ̣һʥؾЩ콾ʵࡣ
аҪľҲֵ׵ˣ֪Щ콾󶼴ſֲĴֻ̣ǴЭ飬ʧһЩûʲôϵ
ֻҪƽپǧķչ󣬱Ȼ۷硣
λΪΣҵǴӦô˭ܰǰȡƾѡȡʮΪꡣа΢ЦʼշƵԼĽͷȡ
á
峤Է飬Ҳ
ԡ
ơ
콾̬ȣԸͬʱԼɲ˵أƽһ͵Ļ
аĿ΢ȻһֱĬףʵСͬĳĽô
а𾪣аȻôأȻѯҲѾܵעǸɱҪԴһλ콾ˡ
΢΢һЦĳ峤ľϣȻҲϣܹõ
аЦЦһӣһ޴Ĺųһԣϣλĳʧ
ڸˣ콾׷׹аǣƽܱİ취Ҳֻлƽôݡ
Ϊ̫ˣñͨ¿ܣЩ콾Ϊ¡
ȥ뿪ʱаѺõЦЦ˵һζػСѵѰ˫ҺϣСѺ
ߣ
仰콾ߣ˫ˣĿи˸ɱ
峤̫ĳˣǡ׵һЦ뼧뿪硣

Ƭ̺Ǳӱ߳صɫ
ʿѾ½뿪ˣ׵Ҳϸս׼ȥ
ҹ֣Ҫȥ
ҹƷЦЦҾͲǻؿ丸ˣһҪȥɽء
ɽ֮һҹȥʲô׺ͼһ
ҹƷһЦ˵ʵʿ̣ⳡսȻҪһЩʱ䣬ҲҪһϢĵطɣǾɽ˳Ҳ뽵ͷʥľ

ʵǲκεطݴɽֲܿоǿ򡣡
ҹƷ΢΢һЦȻ֮嶼ʵǽһĵʲô򵽷Ϊֹ
ЦЦҲֻʵôͲϡֱ̣ӹռһأһɽ䵽ʵУȻȻԽĿֲ
ɽɹ˿أʹҲһս֮
ɽľӦóλʣλȻдǵֲۣ뼧Ӣ۳Ϊѡ
ҹ֣ǡ
׺ͼǱҹƷ磬һҸսҪ½
緢ºܸߵؿʼس֮·
ƽؾջĵס
Ҳ˵衢޹ǡҩԼıǹĽˡ
ǻĹųڵŹĪܣһɱʥսū¼Ѿ÷з²£ܴ鳤硣


뿪ɫ󣬱ǫ́ȥͻȻԶһ˸һƴĽֱſװǧ֮һҵײ
ͫһ¶һ˿ɱŷʦֶϢ˲ȥæ
ҲȥҲ˵
ԭ̫ϲŷϴ˶ʯʢǼºŷϴĸĹ۴Ϊƣλ𽣶ʥȻĻΪ˻䣬ֵһѡ
ǧ⣬ŷϴԡѪһµ˿ڣ̬Ȼ㣬Ųս⡣

״ŭ˿裬һƱ˹ȥ
ɽ¡¡죬ԶһɢŽâľȻΰݺݵڼϡ
һҽдѪǺɣһƱеˡ
ʦ塣
ŷϴ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩֻƾһǿ֧ţͻȻ׳֣ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ͬʱƣ糱ˮһӿһھѪʹȥֱֱ󺣡
ˢ
ߣֻӶŷϴʧȥӰ
𽣶ǽˡƲƲ죬Źسһһƽ֮е
ߣ
׷˺ݣʹ˴ɱС
ֿ裬ն£ննһѷ죬ΧŷϴʮֻһҺȫնһƬƬѪˡ


227 Ԯ
ⶴ죡
ڵΪԽǿ󣬽ʩչûһ˿ѹʮʿնɱ
ˡ˵
š
׵ͷʵŷϴأ
˷ɻظսϣʮڽ̵Ӽֻɶ¶֮ɫ
ԭΪ϶ħȻֻˡ
һӣŷϴڼװϣĺѾˣ˿ڣ飬ʾһս
ߣ
˫Ŀһ˿ɫæóһҩŷϴ£һڡ
ҩ˵ЧܲùҩܲŷϴȫƬ̺ˡ
ʦ壬ʱˣǸϽȥˡŷϴ֮ɫ䣬ٵ˵
ŷϴûϵ˿ڣٵóһ鴫̨׼ꡣ
ͬʱ˵ʦ壬һλʥΧŵӡ
ߡ
ѯȥɫ䣬̨뿪˽ۺ

Ҵʮڽ̵ͷ麹̱ڴϣɱˣڲٵˡ

ۺʮ֮һ꣬ƬСɽ嵹һƬ꣬һ˸ļµĲпϢ
һλʥɫᣬ߻ʿȫһ

һСɽܣǧ˽һڼѵ赲ŰʥϮɱ
ǧһ嫵ĽһִĽֱɽסĹ
䣡
һӡĻ棬ڽϿգضڲ
ۣ
ΧļӶʱ屬Ѷ˴λãάС
ߣ
ʥɫ䣬ӥһĿ⿴ԶĴ¶ɭɱ
Ϸ뿴ֶܼãʥӻȥȱ´ʱҲѾˡ
𽣶ɱҵȣǿ߱ɱȡһ𽣶ڿУڽĺλãԱȵ
ʶȻ͵׸ʼԴǺĵһλʿ
ɫ԰ףüԴŲս⣺ǽ𽣶췢ֵģǾøǵġ
ʥЦһǿϢϷǣЩչ黹ġ
ŭȣƥ㲻ú

ʥЦԪʿ󲿷ֶڹ񶼵һؾûʥԼ˭ϷĶ֡
䣡
δ䣬һǵذдſ̹ǵɱͱ䡣
ɱ㣡
׼񣬴Ӵ̨ճͿһĻҪһŭ¡
ʲô
ʥһִټȭסױɱһơ
䣡
ӿһ޴ĹֳڵϣʿƵĵɳȥвȫѣŻѪڿС
ƥ㡣
ɱ죬һ̤Ⱥɽڲʥҵؼսһ
ҲʼŤ֣Ͳʥϻֱһַɹ
ԭǽ壬˵ãϧϷע
ʥɢĽɫѪ΢΢һ̶¶Ц
Ϊĵǧڼˣ׶˸ǿ򴩲񷣬ɨһУǿԾʥ
ԽսԽ£Ժ֣ۺһȻʩչѵһ
ۣ
ɫĺڿѹɽʥϣһӾͰõɳȥȫѼ

ʥУѩ׵裬һ˾㤵Ϣϱ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񣡡
ССĻʿȻ˱Ϸ򣬲ò츳ǿһ˵УڽҪսɡ
䣡
һʥͷɢƺƵʥϢ
һƣƷʥͨɫƱʥȫ漤ɲǼаɴ
ڷ·Գһ磬кˮ죬һգһ˾㤵Ϣ
ƣСҪСģһʥͷųһ𡣡
ԶӴսһÿγֱո˵յƳֺ󣬶ʱߺ
ɫƽݲȵóǹ
䣡
ҵزǱƵϢ̼ˣɫ⡣
ʲôʥ
ͻȻʥ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ


228 
ɫҫ񷣬סǬɢʥϢȫ
ʥ֣翴ƵضŹӴ󹭣ӾȻɿƵز
ΪȻ쵽޷ˣյƵƺµıʣھҵزţҪĿơ
ˣ
ƲȻһѳȥһâԶݣʧӰ١
⡭ôܣ
ʥ֮ɫ͵ؿɢɫĴ󹭣ްֻʣ޾ľ;֡
ɫĮȻĶȫңԼʵ޷¡
ಣ
˲ȫţ糱ӿ뵽ϣ˫ɿһɳƿն
޵Уգ˴أûʲô赲һɱʥѻһѪһĲҽˡ
ͬ£ƻĹųڵ̫ˣֻ΢Ҿһ״̬ɱʥˣһɱ
ǹŻشָڣվɾķ޾ǳ֮ؾۣſ
䣡
Ƭ̺ɫĮطɱȥʣʿȫɱһ
䣡
¶΢ЦԸ𽣶ӳȥ
ǧظջ󳷻أв˶۵ûˣм˵ѣ׳Ҷ
ŷϴ۾ˣɵĵӣ˸Уһ˲Ұʦ弰ʱԮǧ˶Ҫˡ
װοļó൤ҩ͸ŷϴ˵ָǰɣ˵ҩ

ʱǧӴ󲿷ֶѾȬһĿжŸм֮飬׺硣
ŷʦֶô֪ڽۺģ
ŷϴЦ֪ʦڽۺֻǴ̨趨ԭȥۺѰ﷢˼
ұʱȥۺغ죬һս⣬ؼʱʦִҳΪŦҲŵѡ
£ЦҺ޾֮·ŷʦڽۺʦ壬Щ˶ˡ
Ұ죬ߵЩԽˣҲ̫ˡ
ŷϴӿЦ
ţ˲ҹǻĹ֮⣬ɷ
΢΢һЦ˵ңйùġ
ǵ˴ù
ֻɱĴӣոɱһλʥڹ񳯽ˡ
ŷϴɫ䡣
ɫ󺧣翴Ƶؿס
֮λСʦ徿˶پ춯ص飬˶ǿУ
ҡ
𾪵ǣڵսȻƥаʥֱλһ˲š
ʦĲԽԽˡŷϴпĿЩӡ
ĵǾ˺£սԭҪ׺ܶࡣ
Сʦ壬ŻƽҪؾȥѰѵѰõôô°
׺ͼһЦż򵥵˵һ龭ŷϴĿɿڴΡ
ǻǴһϷ̾ϢֿЦСʦɳ̫ˣҺŷʦѾԶԶ˦ںˡ
΢Ц·ܳδ˭Ҳ˵׼
˵˵Ŀǰ˳Ⱥ졣
ɽϣһö죬һЧÿȹҩϺõҩѵĲϣг۸ܸߡ
ŷʦֶ֮ұ뿪ǰ丸壬ҽһҪɡ
ʦ˵
ǰ丸ǽˣϣܾҵǰͬʱµӼȥ丸ĳǳأһһ꣬ȥ
ŷϴ㶼һϲ
ʦ丸ˣǵȷһĺ£Ҫǿ̫ˡ
š
΢Цİɣһڱصãһȡ̵ʱ丸Э顣
ŷϴЦס
ʱһ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵ʦ壬Ҫˡ
Ŷȥǰɽۡ
ɽһ羰õƮ죬滨ݡ
Ŀ룬öȭͷСͨɢΣ졣
ŷϴطԸڿв½ǽҪժˡ
ǡ
ǧвһ嫵Ľ󣬵º˱ǣöѾȫ졣


229 ؿ丸
ʦ壬öܰɡЦЦ˵
ŷϴҲʾͬʵǿѾƥаʥǿˣǰȫ
Ҳ׻˽̡
ȻһüǮѰʦҲ㲻ʲôλСʦʥͣĻںö
ҲãǱܡûƴǣöԼĴָڡ
ûеʱ䣬漴Ҫ̷ؿ丸壬ŷϴɵӣҲȥ丸岿䡣
λӣ̡
״ǧǰ丸壬ҲԪ䷨һƽ𽣶ʵ
ŵ
ǧӦóԪ䷨͵Ĵ̨Һ鴫̨㲻ȫ֧һԴôˡ
ҲҪĿ˰ɣĿˣôʱ䣬Ҳûȥˡ
š
ڰֶ̨֣ȥͷһ˵峤ǽ˵ġ
СӡЦЦԶâӴ˵ʧˡ
Ƭ̺ҲŽ𽣶ǧ̤ϻس̵·ҫ۵Ĺâһǧͬʱʧˡ
ֻʣŷϴˡ
Сʦɵĸ΢΢һЦ̾Ϣ
ŷϴҲЦЦŽʦĴ£ᷢչĸΪ׳󡣡
΢ؿһԼʦܡ
ŷϴһЦʦѵΪһȥʥôһʦ壬óϷ
ſģЦô˵Ϊ־ͷĶˡ

ˢ
˸˺ڰ
һ޴Ĺųڿ丸ǳ⣬״ǧ𽣶ӷص
Ԫ䷨أ׾ˣҲҪԪ䷨ˡ
˭
ǧҹڿ丸岿䣬ʱɧǽϵƻͨһȺ뺷Ŀ丸ֳ֣־޸վڳǽϣĿⲻƵضһˡ
ףͷȥԪǰһˡ׳ХһӲȥԶ
ԭֹӡ
մսѲߣǰԾصģ丸Ѿϵ
ȷ׺󣬱һλڿ丸˵ֹԵȣȥͳ졣
򿪳ţ
һߴӰȻԪսղ׵Գӭӡ
¡¡
޴ĳŻ򿪣ԪսԼǼλͳһӭӣǿȺʱҲһ
֪еطɹסôⶼŵĵӣһͬˡ
ԪսЦ˵ﻰ˵ǧˣҲڻ¡
ԸһλͳŽ𽣶ǧӽǡ
֣ҸڼȺԪսܿ
Ԫֿˣ롣

Ԫ䷨ĸۡڡ
飡
޴ԴڵϣԪ䷨ӿСɽƵԴЩ㶡
ǰԴԪսؿף־ôģȻɱ˰衣
Ԫ䷨Ҳ¶֮ɫ֪Ѿ޴ﵽʥСѾô쵽ģ
ЦЦҶ
Ԫսϲ֣˰ʬףԪƽɽγʧˡ
Ԫ䷨̬ϵصͷƶζССһͬȥμӲᣬ峤֮λһ׵ġ
û⡣
΢΢һЦʵǰ˵峤֮䳤ϳĿôʲô
ԪսҲǰϰ֣㻹û˵ʲôء
Ԫ䷨ЦڶǻɱһλѲߣ֮ǰСѻһҶֻһǴƽ֡
ЦˣҲµӦǰԪƽɽһսϾ峤һλϵĳ÷չ峤ΪʵǿŶԡ
Ԫ䷨ͷԪƽɽһս
ԪսĵϰôԪƽɽչЩ꣬˵ڲǿվѾߵľ硣
Ԫ䷨ʮ㣬һǿϢһţЦƽԭɽա

ڶһ磬Ԫ䷨ӱǰϳǣϳǿ丸λϾס֮أһٿᣬҲϳǡ
˸һƥ޴Ķޣǿ丸ιޣͨǿĹͬʱٶҲ졣
Լǰʱϳǡ
ϳȶҪ࣬ǿ丸峤֮أƽҲûʲô˹ûݺƽĽֵȺɽܶࡣ
һɽ˷ɽľï񣬵һõ֮ء
СѣǵǹȥɡԪ䷨ָһɽ˵
Զɽ岢󣬸߲ɶѣɽͿգһ޴Ĺ
ǿ丸


230 峤֮ս
һڰɽ׸Ԫ䷨ŷֲѰ
ǳϣЩưܣſڹ죬ͨڴʮϵһԣ¶һɻĹšϢ
Щ񣬲𶯣Ŀһ˿졣
ΪѰʦԼ֪Щ񲢷ƺÿһڶӡһǿߡ
Щǿ߲ûа꣬Ҳ˵丸ʮλǿĸֻߡ
һ϶صĲԴĴЩеǿ߱ػӡɨһ֮С
Ȼû֮ǻƽ߿丸壬Լĵ̡
ﰵ̾һ
ŵŵš
ɽһ࣬ʱҲмΪ׵ĺȻƽԭɽߵҶֺ멡
ͫһ½̺;ɽׯģ콾ǶԪƽɽ峤֮λ
ֱҶЦЦ
ɫ䵭ĮȻĿ⿴һżĵɱ
΢ЦҶֲѾôô
䣿
ҶҡͷһЦ̸˵أֻСʤһ֣ǧҪ½ۡ
ЦЦÿɷ
ҶֿȻ¶һ˿ֻЦݣǺǵΪֻ򶨣ңҶĳ¾Ҫඡ
ԪսüͷһȵҶ֣ʲô˼
ҶЦ𻢴ӻˣ㣬Ʋ֮ͻ
޷ɫƽδ⣬Ϊıǣ⶯õ֮̽ɱ
ԪƽɽϢۻ룬Ԫ䷨˵ԼģҺڴĽ֡
Ҳڴ

ܴɵĴͷϵ˹ϡϢ
յĴֻмʮʯʣμ󣬵Ⱥ丸峤ǵ
Ƭ̺һһߴӰһʯϡ
һλͷ׷нɸߵ߽ȫᣬֳһ޸Ƶϡ
ϡ׵Ҳһݣʾ𾴡
˺ֲܿȻн꣬ʵޱȵǿѾﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬ʥѾ޳ʥˡ
֣Ԫ߳ϣǿ丸˶һλǿߣҲǲ䱲ߵĳߡԪսС͵
š׵ͷ
Ԫ̬ϲЦĿɨȫ˫סҶ϶Ƭ̣΢΢صͷ
Ȼ׺ҶֵʵϿɣɵ꿡ȻǱѰ
Ĳᣬǵһ˲μӣǿ丸岻ɱҪС
Ԫ߻ڣһ㣺Ϊǿ丸ĽյĲҪ顣
һѡһε峤䲻һڶѡɽˡ
ԪϵĿ⿴Ԫ䷨Ԫƽɽʬ˭õˡ
飡
Ԫ䷨һӣԴڵϣϣǰʬס
ˢ
Ԫ˫ĿâƥƵĺɨƬ̺¶Цݣȷǰʬף䷨úܺãҵһλǿѡ
ϡ
ԪƽɽסˣɫվϿнޣҪ䷨øһۡ
Ԫ߳ĬƬ̣΢̾һƽɽҪôΪξôִأ
ԪƽɽȻһЦ˵Ϊ׼ʮ꣬ϣҲǵλ϶µĿ֮һ
ã㵽Ϊֹһϸս˭ԣͱϷ򲻿
ԪƽɽظһЦһɽƵϢɢĿ絶Ԫ䷨һս񣿡
Ԫ䷨΢΢һЦɽСܣұķڷ
䣡
Ԫ߳յһ㣬ʮɿеܲź¡һ죬һ޴Ŀ̨м
һɳɵ̨аٶɣһɹϵϢ̨緢
Լɼϵ̨ĵ۸ӡа߰ѪԳﾭδս
ǿ丸ĿнޣѾ꣬Ϊ졣
ԪսΪ׽͵ûд볤ʱǿ丸ѡ峤ǳѪȣҪսȺֱۣʤ߲ſԼ̳峤֮λ
ÿһδսѣʱа벽ʥ䡣
ľֲ̨ܸܵɢɱԼޱȹϵǰ߰ߵѪоǿ䡣
յĿ丸嵽жôǿ󣬿ɼһߡ
нǿƱһλʥԲµģа벽ʥǿ߶ԾҲ̨
䣡
䣡
н޳֣Ԫ䷨Ԫƽɽ˫Ŀǿս⣬ۻֱȫ£ΨҶİ


231 Ծ
ϡصĿн޳ֺ˲ɱԪƽɽԪ䷨໥ӣ纣Ϣɽһɲ⡣
Ԫ΢΢̾ϢһҪ̨ô
ϳȫ
ͬʱȵ
á
Ԫߵͷ˵㵽ΪֹϷϸսֻҪ˭СʤУϷֹǼսǶֵܣûҪ˺
Ԫƽɽƽ˵һУΪ˿丸Ľ
˵꣬һͷͻƵǰһԾ޴̨ϣʮĿԪ䷨һս
䣡
Ԫ䷨䣬һ̨ͬϡ
ø磬Ҳ飬Ҳϣȫ֡Ԫƽɽֳ־޸ս
Ԫ䷨ͬս¶ŵЦݣõܣҾķڷ
䣡
˼ûʲô˲ս
˾ҵײһˮ죬ʢѪɲǼ̨
䣡
Ԫ䷨սһǧٵâһ޴ĺѹȥ
̨·Ҫˣй󷨷Ԫ䷨һܻɽ塣
̨˸񱩵ˣʹˣ׶Ҳ޴а𾪡
Ԫ䷨ǰ벽Ԫ۷ǿߣһʿͬʵʥװбȽһ£ͽӲסһУọֻ̃һУͱնƬ
𣡡
ԪƽɽŭҲչ¶һλͳǿʵ
ֳͬ־޸ݺݺˮ籩ƵļսһĹâƣų̂
˼ս񣬿丸ǿʿսϢ̨
ҺйػһǿĿ丸𣬰丸ǶҪһ
һ
Ԫƽɽһ𣬻ѪȣһǿĲ˼顣
һ޾ɱ֮ǿ丸ǿվ޾磬ഫǿĿ丸һն̫
һ
Ԫ䷨ͬҲʩչһ
Ȫһ㣬Ǹֳ޴Ŀ丸ս壬ӳǵľ
䣡
ݺײ޾Ļų̂ٳ϶˫ս
һѣȻй赲˿񱩵ȻֻԵĲ˶㤡
丸һĳ϶¶֮ɫû뵽Ȼɳزˡ
Ĺâ˸ų̂Ӱ޾籩ٴδսһ
飡
գԪ䷨Ǽһ䲻ݷضһ޸ȻתһԪƽɽؿڡ

Ԫƽɽһ߷ɼʮɣûˣĿҲ㳹ʧ档
ԪƽɽŭһޱȾ㤵Ϣ籡Ŀ丸սԽԽȻǿһС
ԪĮʤѷ֣ƽɽ
ϡ
ƽԭɽ𣬽񣺡ҲܽһУҸԸ峤Ҵǿһ

Ԫɫȵ
ϡ
Ԫ䷨Ŀ磬һ㷢ٽһΣһķڷ
ðɡ
Ԫԥһ£ȥ
䣡
һԪƽɽҫ̨Ÿŵ׷ɳһһΧǿֲ˶ɫ
ЩȻЧ
ԪսߣĿ¶һ˿ɫ
׽͵ǿ丸վǿ֮һԪܡ
ԪսĽܣЩٴηµı仯
ÿһĶˣֳһѾ޴ĸӣÿһӶ˸ŲͬɫɫӨ仯޳ޱļµϢ
䣡
ɳһһ㣬޿ƥеܡ
ľԪƽɽĲһԪʿһҪǿҹԪ׵ʥսū
ٵž޴սӰǰɱ磬޷ơ
丸峤϶֮ɫ
ǷվеġԪʹǵҲûɹ
Ԫƽɽ츳ʵȻǿһԪ䷨⺢ӵֵס
Ԫ߶΢΢ͷԪƽɽʵϿɡ
ԪսĿ¶֮ɫΨָ׽Ӳһ
ȴЦŰοԪַģҹǰɫȻгˡ

𣡡
˭ҲûϵԪ䷨δԾſڳХһһ޴Ȼ﷢һ㡣
ʲô
ʲô
䷨Ȼ
ƴͬԪڣеĿ丸峤϶Ȼŵؿ
ȡϲ
ݺᣬԪλµĿⶼ⣬ϲԶѪǿ丸Ҫˡ


232 Ѫ

Ԫ䷨һ޴Ӱ֣޴ӰֺеĿ丸峤ϣԪ߶峤
һԣ׺Ԫս¶ϲɫҶֺɫĿ¶ɱ
ŭ룡
޴ӰԪ䷨ХʮɴСӰһֱײ
Ԫƽɽ˫ĿͣűӰڰеԪ䷨ԥ˰κȻڵϣ¼峤
ɡ
Ԫ䷨Ӱջڣ޴һҡΣɫ԰ûһѪɫ
Ԫٶ죬˼س̨һ͸Ԫ䷨סΣ߶
峤û°ɡԪߵŹСĽʵ
ϣû£ջؿнްɡ
á
һ¿нޣԪߴһӣһнٴβصС
μ峤
Ԫ䷨̨п丸˵ϥأ
Ԫƽɽɫ粻漴뵽ǿµӰ΢΢һ̾Ϣͬϥ¹
Ҷֺ멵ɫǰһĻ˶֪ⳡУǰˣ
ܸףҲܸԪ䷨µĿ丸սʿ
ǿˡ
Ԫ䷨ĮؿҶֺ멣ҲΪУϣҲҪֿ丸顣
ˢ
ҶĿһ˿Ű֮ɫܽһţһ˿ɱⶼй
Цǿ丸ĴӪ˵ʿԪ״ʥҷҲҪճ
Ԫ䷨ԪƽɽսѾһʥˡ

ǰϣ˼Ҷֹ񣬱ϡ
Ԫ䷨ɸߵѹһɸѹ糱ˮסҶˡ
ҿ丸£Ҫָ㡣
Ǻǣ˼ֻ׵ɵʥӣ𽣶ˣƱһЩɽΪǵѡ񡣡
һЩҲԥ
Ҷ˵Ϊ棬𽣶˵ȷž޴ķգòԴ
ԪսЦֹ䣬ʹһЩɽ𣬱ȻҲѰȣǿ丸һԾŶ㼸仰Լ
Ҷ˵ûǿˣһǾ仰ҲΪУҲϣɲҪǲ䡣Ԫ䷨൱ǿƣһӾҪˡ
Ҷֺɫ粻˶һתȥ
뿪
ǡ
丸峤Ӧһ뿪丸塣
Ҷֺ멺ܲģȻԪ䷨𽥱ı󣬲Ŷһתȥ
ߺԪ䷨丸೤ϴӵţ֮ǰԪߵλá
£μ峤
ڳп丸սʿ뵥ϥٹϿԪ䷨ʹԪƽɽвޣ뵽ǿֲӰҲΨˡ

һ֪Ԫ䷨Ϊ峤Щӵæµ˽𽣶ԺصĲˡ
Сѣ½ɽׯʹ߶Ѿˣǿ丸гŵɽˡ
Ԫ䷨ϣһ绢ƣԽԵϡ
΢΢һЦ˵ǿ丸϶ѾˣСѼҪһ¹ɿô
Ȼԡ
ЦЦ˽𽣶죬ͬʱҲѴԺһ
һܣÿ丸ЩȨ߶סͷϿǵʵ
ǹһжʿأѵҹǧôԪʵ
ЦȻкܶ࣬һ±½ͬʱԺʿҲ
š
Ԫ䷨ͷһЦԪߵϣڽһ£ȫȨϣɱһǬ丸۷硣
񶼣뵹
һȺ丸ĳϣ˫Ŀһâ

µʱ䣬𽣶ʿ½£ǧˡ
ͬʱԺʿҲ丸壬ԴӣҲǧˡ
Ϊٳν˵ĹؼȫȨ丸ˣǩ˹ͬЭ
Эûʱƣ񶼸𣬿丸ȡرнʧЧ
µʱ䣬Ҳ¡
Ŀˣ뺫ҽˣƽǨۺս
½̺;ɽׯصڤȴ쵶źս񹬽ˡ
Щ𾪣óսʵռɽΪʵĵ̡
ͬʱпµĽڽ̹˻򣬰Ѿڻչأͼߵľ硣
Ѿųصĵһ¾ն壬߱
˻һ¾Ҳ˵Ԥ֮С
ڽۺɱѪɺӣһǧ˱ͼѾڽ̽𣬽ܰݣ
Щ֮⣬񳯺ʹҲ˵̣ǿƼ˳粻ٵǿС䡣


233 Ҫɽ
ѾϷ˰磬ͬʱʱ׼ͻϮ񶼡
ºƽȫûκηӦȫԸɵĴʥ
ǰʥѾʧ٣˵ȫͳεһƬС硣
ƬСڲྪ֮ЩصļֵʥΪ֮
ʥ֮⣬ȥսʸûУɶõ׼ȷϢƬСǳأҪһƬֲܿĻȪ
ǾŽʢĴ֮һֻԪʿǿͨ벽Ԫʿʹʥӳ֣Ҳ޷Ƭ
Ȫ棬Сڣ⼸ʥûӰ֤սļҳ̶ȡ

һƬǧĻ򣬻˸ں֮ɫǳ֮һǧﶼڤ֮
ǧɫǳֲڽ̵ΧΨ޵ļ˿Խ
ڽѾȥǵõϢҲȥ񶼵С磬Ψֱռˡ
ƬɫУڻֻһˣǾǽڽ̵ʥӡڣ
䣡
һհֲϢӻһģӰڿУڤ
ˢ
ӶȻǳһɲ⣬Ӱ
ǿֲޱߵϯȥƺϢ̼͵ذθ߰ɣɢϢ
ף
âӽ𣬷˿裬һһ㡣
ֻ£ұ޳Ԫʱҿ˭ܾ㡣һ޴ĽӰ֣ǿ

ʦ壬СʿˣЩСʿϼѾˡ
ŷϴ糾֮ɫ˫ĿΪͻơ
׵ͷЦðֵܺϸලмϸ
ʦģ۴³ȣսѾܵ飬Ѿܴһ
׵ͷЦŷʦֶЭ۹ЩˣҲ͵ˡ
ŷϴЦ
⼸ҪȥһˣĿݶڽۺҲڵҪһЩ
Ȼ˵
ŷϴһɻʵʦҪȥ
ҲЦ޷ѹΪˣЩѹƵ̫ݣٲɽ٣¾Ҫ߻ħˡ
ɽ٣
ŷϴ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫʵʦѵҪֱӶɽڵСô
š׵ͷΣģҪܿˡ
ŷϴֻҾʦȷҪܿˣƳֳô󶯾νڣҲҪըٴΰɡ
ɫƵضŷϴߵһȥɽ٣˳Σ
ŷϴЦֵСֶﾲʦɡ
̾Լְֺޣҡҡͷ˵ҽͻ뿪㲻ظˡ
á
ŷϴɫ棬׶ɽٷͬСɣй¶ȥȻ⵽͵Ϯ
ʿɽ֮ʱһصӶʦųͬ¶ɽ٣ΪԷһ͵Ϯ
û취Ѿ޷ѹΪˣٲɽһɣ̼ͻѣ߻ħ
ʦ壬Ҫи߼ôǰлӦһʧ
ŷϴ˵
ЦҡͷãɽٻҪػҲδ̫Сˣ㾭ӪЩˣһһЩʱٻ
ʦ屣ء

ҹ㾲
׾סĸۡһâŷϴ֮˭Ҳ֪Ѿ뿪˿丸ǣǰۺɽ١
ˢ
Ƭ̺׳ڽۺ
ҹĽۺ쳣񱩣ˮԼɼһͷͷ߮
䣡
һͷ޳ѪȵϢǿ
飡
һƽ֮еЦ֪ν֮Ƿܽһսˡ
䣡
ͷԼΪɫѪѹΪһĳХ﷢ʱ䣡
һֲ̰СµϢڿ۳ΣУһнš
ຣ޷·Ѿ֪Σգ׷ȥжԶӶԶΨǻ
ɫƽոǣԼԿһִд
صסס
ʹӵκεطҲή٣֮ĳͷ
һ׸еսѹֵϢס
͵һͣǵصѹϯһϯǧɸߡ
ڿУʯһ㰲ɽ
һȴƵǱڣʱʱ֣ϢƺƵб¡
ɣ
״𣬷˿裬һָգΨҶİţ


234 ɽ
䣡
ȫڲ޾籡ھͷԼΪٿѹƣͬʱٵ
һѹֵϢǧɣһתԽ졣
ǡ׿٣
𽥱󣬳ֳҫ۵ɫһݣ¶ޱ֮ɫ
٣ٿɴСһʿֻͨ磬ɶȹ
Խ׿Խ콾ĽԽǿֲ
飬һ۾ϳСǼ֮һġ׿
׿ٲΪ׼ѰʿʹԪҲûо׿
׿٣ʱǧڻ׹ɽ֮׺֮УĥѣֱʱٲŻʧ
ǿҡ
΢΢۾Խ嫵ᴩ񷣬һ󺣶Ҫѿ׼ӭٵĵ
䣡
һɲǣձĵյͨһִ
飡
ޱ飬ɫȻƽһȭһȭЩ顣
ͬʱһſͻأسܣһƬ׹б£˲û
ƴ٣˲䵽
׳״޾׺֮У׹
Ž֮ܳΪ޼᲻ݵ壬ǾΪԽٴ壬Դ
ëſ޾׹ᴩ壬һִͷǹȥŴӽŵը䵽ϣʱҵĺХ
𣡡
ŭתɾķڿУ׶Լ塣
׹˸һ׹һҫɫ׺Ȼ£ԼСȻը
飡
һƬҫ۵ɫֱֲ˺ױһģ嶼һ롣
׼꣬ɽƾѣֻٴڿУɾ޲壬ͬʱѪǡ
飡
ڷһ죬ɹ׻죬ٲûͣ£Խҡ
ɫԽԽ׹ͬҲԽԽǿֲÿһϣѪȫΡ
ģۣɽǲˬ
ױٿСΧδӦ뱬ըընŤݣ׵壬е
ǹؼʱ̨ʼתɾķһӾܰ
ϽӴָóһ裬ſһٽ豻С
ȫë׶ѵ𽥵Ŀ˲衣
ȻʱһŨŨΣͻȻͷʶ̧ͷȥ
䣡
ɫڣɳһƬϹ⣬磬ǴĽٹ⡣
ٹԼʮɴ׹вۣٹ⣬ȴ׵սľëȻ
ٹˣĥѣܵסһĽٹϮұ׺е
ɫأ룬ٹվ˲̮ޱߵڽӿ·һĺڶڡ
ٹӰΣֱӴ

״𣬽ɫâɫ׺мΪҫۣһþȫٹ⡣
ۣ
ذˣٹնˣҺùؼʱŲӡܹȥ򲻿롣
ʹܵĴɥʧ
䣡
Žǿ޸Լɾƪóֳǰһ׺ƪԽĵá
ʮɾԺгȬţͬʱڳŹҩĵ
׿Գһ磬ٲͬ׺£޷κ
׹Уÿһ缡˸Žɫâ˿裬ŭֻԿٹ⡣
һٹβһ׺Ƶģֱб¡
һ㾭˰ʱ׵ĸо·꣬˲֪ٴΣÿһ֮󶼻Խļ᲻ɴݡ
ٹⶼʧˣɫȻڣԽѹֵϢա
е֮Ҳ
޾׺ϥգ̨꣬ͨ͸ûһ˿УҪ׿нڣе
µӿ޾û籡һֹ켣ؿ֮ȥ
ȫڷ⣬ɫâɢס޾׹Ϯһδӽˡ
޴棬ȫЧҪ֤е
֤еǧ࣡
װڰУƾ׺ããƾ׹Űɽķȥ


235 ɽٳɹ
䣡
ղ׿΢΢һɫһɳģƣɱ
ʱ
еĹؼʱ̣ûʱȥԿΨһİ취ƾԼȥֵ
ʱѾȥʱֻҪȥ磬ɽٳɹڡ
ž
ģʲŹֶΣŻƶһƬֲ׺һӾͰˡ
һĥĽɫâҫǿգסĹ
֣׼ڹؼʱɾطˣס塣
һööҩɳڣ˼ҪľȻ
ڳõĹҩһȥ˴롣
Ѱʦܶɽ٣𽣶Ҳ޷ṩôҩ
νڵ衢ҩ̫࣬ڴأԪأ
׵뵽һҪԪ٣ֻ°ս𽣶Ҳ
ԼҵĹҩ裬ΨŲڱٴ÷顣

ĵɢ嫽Ľ֣ʹѾȫͶ뵽еҲһ
ɲ⣬Ҳδʩչ󽣾Ҳģ¡
ʱؿڵеＸҪΣֻһ
ʱ
ĵ˸޾׹ĽŻһΰնգأ
䣡
һӾͱǧ⣬ͷˣѪգ
ȡ
ҵĿȳѪ飬ܵ˼صˡ
ãеﲢûƵס˼͵е
ĬĬɾͬʱһҩ߶֮
裬͵ĹҩҪǮͽҪǱ˿ᾪȵĺϲ£졣
Ϊ̶̵һɲǣ͵ڳԿһСɵĵ̡
䣡
һƬҲͻأʧһδףʱҲѾȥʱ
ҫ۵ɫʧ·һ˺£۾Ƶġ
Ĵ󺣣õǿգһйƽ
ʱȫͷ⣬һؿڴγɣſһХ޾ǳ֮ӿ
ǳ֮ǽµȻһɺݺһײеﳹײ
еγɣȫڷڣ˻ˮ졣
ȻʱȻ򲻵κǳ֮ˡ
޾ǿ嫵Ĺâ䴩ٴηصϡ
Ȼʧǳ֮ʧȡ֮Ǵ
Ҳ֪ĸǳֻ֮Ψǿĸ
վչë׾ſؾӿڣֲĵ
޾ؾסף˰ʱųȬ˺Ͱ˿ȥʵ£ɨ˷
ʣ
֮ףӵǿˡ

ĵɢ嫽⣬ϸ֮¹ɫĴִܡ
󽣾ڵսΪɵʩչһУȻ󽣾ӳȫôɱˡ
Ŀƽʵһأƥ뿪Ҷ֡˫ˡ
ʹ׷𻢵Ķ֣ҲܴݵĶԿд뿪
׵ɫһڡ
ڼ鴢ָڵĴ輸һ룬ӳõĹҩҲĵĲˡ
ȻмҩЩǮģŲöá
ģ
ٴθ̾⻹ֻС٣ʮ֮ڴ٣ҪٺĹҩ衣
ڻɽ󴨣Ҳû£һȥѰһЩ͹ҩɡ

׼ȥʱһ΢ʶֱӴļ䣬ŲһźͰ衣
ιҿˣ׼ʳҾдҰɡ
ǳͻأżŵôȻļը졣
һһɿµϢڱٴа㻷ܡ
״סˣܵµԱߵѵʶŴ͡
ǡöѣûгҲӦ
ϻ˱֮⣬˭ܷôŻӦ
ЦˣҲŵʵףôѣҼǵ㸸˵ƿʱͻ
һ߿ˣѪ㣬޷ñѵġѵĻشɫһڣʱúܲ
вҪ˵ôֱףҸоԼѾˣڵսƥаʥʿ
Ϊʱʿ̫ˣҴеļȷһλ
ѺףŰ̾һģҵడ̯ôһˡ


236 ׵
ѵĻһԣԴ̤е·֮󣬿һ·裬ֲļλ콾档
ЩѾ˰꣬꣬ʾȻ˵ʹ׺ٺҲˡ
ɫһڣߵôô
Ȼ˵Щţһȷв˱Ҫǿܹ֮ǰһλﵽꡣ
һﵽȷ̫ˣǿ궼һ
ҲɥպбЭֻʱ⣬
ѴЦһŵ
׾ʵ㻹δг˵ǻۣ𣿡
ǰɡ
ѴŽս޶ǴഫֻҪһܵһͬʱмͨ
۾һ˵һеλǰʵô
̫ˣȻܡ
ѴУȻ˼ͨڲ࣬еͨҲҪһ
š
׵ͷŷϳʵôã֪֣һ廹Զ֮һ
һû֣Թű㱻ΪսޣոձѪԼ뵽һ֡
Цˣʵʲô
ϵۣɡ
ţԺͽСϰɡǿЦһ˵
ҲС
Ԥϣ׽ţ漴ִе֮⣬˭ôƺҧ
΢΢һЦϾԼսޣѼʹͷţȴΥԸҲ֪⾿ʲôޣһУԸÿһ塣
СϣѾѣǲǿҪˣ׶δսĺøУ·ڤڤ֮һ߽ǴԺ޾¡
С
ϵ̾Ѫ̫ˣ޷ñƿǶҹҪڲС
׿ЦڣǻҪܾء
ʣҪʮɡϵ۲ס
㴫սһļͨԺǷ༫侫㴫Ҽƪɡ
ϵܾЩ㻹ʺڶ̫߶ˣʲôʱԪԻᴫڸһؼ
ս˵ţŷһƣ˵նɽٳɹѪʢҲ㽻Ƭ̣ѪƽҲҪ˯ˡ
һôԾŽ˽ô
һصĴɣǵأʼԴǵ򡣡
ʲô
ɫ䣬Ϣ̫ˣԻĹžʹڵľŽ̾ȻǴģǿϵʼԴҪʲô

һʣŽκ飬Ϊ˳ʼԴǾʧС硣
ʲôɾȵģ㲻Ҳôϵ⣬ںغߵ
ҪԱ˵ġ׶
ϻҵ˰ս޻Լ鷳ˣˣҪ˯ˡϵ۲غһŹϳ˯ȥ
ιСϡһ˼漴Ը̵һ׵սޡ
ˣ׶ϵۻǺڴģ׽Ļ飬ڤڤ֮ǹкϤУҲĨȥġ
⼫׵С϶ԼҲǺаɡ

ս޵Ķ̶̽ãֻҪȵڣ޵еսޱˡ
ţ
ҪȥͻȻĿһԶȥ
˸ӰԶƽƵƤΪҫۣ·ǳ˾Ρ
һ˸ܿ
ɫȻվУżƽǿ߷⼸ʵܲȫΪ
λƽ꿡Ƕʱ΢΢һ
ʿ
ǵû
˳ɱ޵ģƽǨؾڣؾȻȫûʳÿһʱҪɱޣժʹ
ڸղţĿⳡ٣׿ĿֲͿ¸Ǵ̵ӡ
ԭΪ콾ڶڴ٣ύһԷȻף˶ʱסˡ
ָղڶС٣һ˲ʵ
š
ЦЦ˵ڽۺɽ٣λǱǸ
Ž壿
ͻȻһ¶Ȼ֮ɫɫһ˿𺳺;ȡ
Ҿס
ƽ꿡ɫӣڼ츳κˣŽԵ΢ˡ
˵δɽٵʱƥһİʥγɹɹС٣սҪֲʲô̶ȣ


237 ɽ
ԭִ֣鴫СپԿѰʿڴ٣Ž˿壬ҵȿ۽ˡ
һλƽĿ幰ЦǳϵЦݡ
ڣ˭ӽ壿
׹ûгԹģϣܽύʶ嵱ѱȵҪ̫ˡ
ֹˡ׹֣òҿ
˺֪Ȥף뿪ˣ׶йٲ
ƽǾдǻ۵壬Ϊ˱ʵԸˣҸԸóղӢۣ;ߣһܹӵеġ
аǻ۵һˣ̤֮·ʱձܳΪһ뢡
׳ɫ˼ۣŽŲӡ˲ʧӰ١

ʮ֮⣬һߴ˸ֶϵĽɫâܵ޼ΨжͷһƬɫ
峤
ƽ忡ݵ
װɣ
峤ȷǽ塣
а¶һ˿Цݣ治ϣҹۺɽٵŽ塣
ãǻȥɡаЦЦһ˵
໥һۣеĪ峤ҹؾѵֻȷ϶ɽٵô
ڻƽĿУаǽĴڣ峤ôƽķչĿã˲ŻĸԸĳǳأԸǨ
һˣûôĺ
ĿƵаѵΪ˺һ˭ڶɽô
ƽļλǲŵģֲҿѯʣһĿ¶ɻ֮ɫаؾ

һ£ײδؿ丸ǣƬصСרԱ
˫ĪѰ£ûκαܹѡ
衢ҩ޹ǡĲϣмֵĶչһգ˼ɽ
Һһöռ伫Ĵָöָǵ͸ģһǰʥ
ֻϧûôֻڲطǳĿռ䣬ֹѰ
ӹȥһ£İֻ֣תս˼չ㹻͹ҩ
ȻڼҲһЩĦһƬۻɽɽҵˡ
ɽҼλѰʦͬսһȺ֣Ƭۻɽھ裬Ѱҹҩ
ڶԭײ֣սһλʥ򣬶˵ɱҪɱ
һսðɽˣ׿սʥʿʱеˣҲɽѰʦϸˡ
еǺ󣬴ϵõ͹ҩһǧĹҩܷһڹС
ûƬɽͣҵȥûй̶Ŀ꣬ҲûνĲرͼֻ׼һһ·ȥܻջġ
ôַ˼죬׵ûôˣɽټɽȺûм
ģȺѻͷɹ˼׿ųȺķͷһ
ԶһƬɫɽһһǧ﷽ԲֻһɽԵú壬Щɽûʲôֻһͷ
ôһƬɽҾʲôط׷Լ·ˡ
ͬʱҲԼĴΪ
ڼһı󶯣ȻûԪսҪһĵͼȻҲƬķɽ
ѻհܾĵģһͷһ߼ʣԲǧﶼԵû
ûм뿪˵أΪƬصغܲѰƺرҲ˵
ˢ
ѰϸȥѰڿƬɽİء
飡
λڷɽشһǧɵɽϣһɻɬ˫һʹѰжˡ
Ȼܡ
һĿޱȡ
ϲɽϱزرƬɽڳҲȻĬĬĵط
ţ
ͻȻҲ⣬д̨ϢɢһħӰ߳
׿Ӵ̨߳ļʱĿʱһһԩ·խ
⼸˫뿪Լλеڤ֮ʿ
ס
Ž塣
˴Ӵ̨߳󿴵ףҲ΢΢һ˫ɫʱ
ţ
һλĸߴɫ΢΢Щ԰ףһɫе곯׿Ľ壿ô
Ҫˡ˫ЦЦһ
뿪ĿеɭȻɱһɾ㤵ϢȻͬס
ģ
ɫһڣа
ԸҲΪܶսˣοڤĸһԻ


238 
ڤأ˵崫мԶһλʬõǿϵ塣
һڤ֮˰սСӣڤǿ񶼳˴ǳǿ߲Ž
Ǻǡ
׸Цգ۾˵ɶģ֪λô
˫ĿĿ¶ɱؿ
ߣ
뿪ʼձżĵ⣬Цв̫󣬽á
˫Ŀ˸һĨɱ֣΢ЦŵͷһһָСսתһʥת
ڤйѵ˵ŽѪҺкаԭԸκ֮£ֻϧѪڤ棬ĳҲֻܳˡ
ɫֵƽһɻɬڤ֮ţһϾĻС
ͬʱһӣڤƵķܣΧס
֣β̫ŶƺҪڽˡ뿪ЦԶصķӡոձ򿪣׵⵽ǳ˷ܡ
ط궼ʾûκ˻
˫ʵɱԷοʵѣڤ峤ҹ
ҹʵȻûС峤λðȣսȻˡ
䣡
䣡
һɹǿᡢɱϢħŲһİס
ɫ䣬ɫĮȻؿ˫ˡ
λɲҪҲҪնɱڴ˰ɡ۾¶һ˿Цݡ
뿪ЦǿƣûԹΧζɣɵŽȻ޵£ϧעȲһˡ
ǰһߣ¶ȼ罵ͣԲǧڷ·˲һ˲䣬жëѩԿ䡣
ʵҸ֪ȤҡҶԼûǺصŶ
״ЦһŲӡɲǼɽ
ĿλƬɽشǧɽ壬ɽѰۺѰܸزر
䲻Ӳƴ֮ĵӣеġ
ಡ
ٶȿ÷˼գۼǧɿ⣬˲˦˼ˡ
ס
ҹߣڵļλ꿡סס
飡
һȭһ˵ѪС
䣡
ʱһµϢȻ洫Ѿ׵ڣȫĺëҲ𣬼ΣյԤ֡
һ޴սŹâһ±аɳźƺƵʥն¡
ǵٶûô죬˫߶ʥ׷Ȼҵطơ
˫ڵʵȻܴ߶սĿľһ׵ĽŲֻϢѣǾ׷
ʱ˷жٶٿҲûãעѪɽ

ûκԥӴָóұ񵶣ȫĵųɫâս¡
ұɲǼҲɰɴ˫սӲƴһʱཻĲϢ
µصܵ˲һȦȦɢȥ֪˶ٿڹŷأصʬǺɣɢһɸζ
ȣ
״ȣսٴ羪һ㣬˲ͳΧȦԶǧɸߵɽȥ
ֻ䣬ͰԶԶ˦ں档
˫ûм׷Զݶȥ˫뿪϶¶ɻ֮ɫ
ڼҵһźܸǽ𽣶촫еĹ뿪
˫Ц𽣶첻вСɣôµдǰúƣ˿ռ䣬һɱס
ţʥ߲ӵµţʹ𻢻׷Ҳ޷һɱ뿪ͷ
Ļвһ˼Ǿʲǽ𻢻׷Ķ֡
ҹӺУױһɫֿݣڤƽطӡףλ񽫵ܱ׶ȥ
Ǻǡ
˫ЦЦ˵ģҴһʥ˲ọ̃Ըһء
һܸԲռ䣬Чʱܴﵽʱ˽ɽѰֵļλ¸ƣֻҪӰơ
˫¶ɭЦݣһأҵҪ׻ôʩչһ
뿪ԣͬ¶ɭɱ
׵ĳɳ̫ˣ쵽ǶսľһûᣬһںҲûߣȫɽɱ
Ǻãߡҹͷ˳ɽشȥ


239 ޴ع
мֻѻͷɹĽŲѡ
һƬķɽһŷܲһɽͷϣԲǧڶǷĹ
׽ŲӡӳΧȦȻȥϢƬɽй۲졢ӡ
ԽǰߣԽľ
ﵽʲôطȻôŷأǧĹŷغҲмʮ
Щŷز֪˶꣬شɢϺͲɣϢ
һĹȴסˡ
ײڿտҲûκŹǣ·һշƵģŨлڤ֮ƮĹ޿١
һĹһⶼǿշأʬƾʧˣһʬҲҲ
ײҵģһ˿䱸֮ǰߣһߵɽ¡
ɽǧɣûһ˿Ϣ̧ͷϿȥֻһĹൽ塣
΢üͷܸоͬѰһ˻ôУѰʦһ۾Ϳթ֮
ɽʢأǷǳķˮ֣뵽ЩշأһֱޱȽ
ѵѵĵƺͷĹʬ
оǿʬǳȷѪӲԶˡ
ʮʬƺƵϯ磬һ赲ʹֶԿЩʬƱҲأ񶼿⡣

ಣ
ʱǧɿ⣬˫˵ӰҰУǿƥϢҲ֮
ģһˡ
׽ŲӡỬףԼٶƿһ󷨡
ɽղѾˣǧɸߵɽ棬һƬ嫵ĵع
¡¡
ĴɽĹѣһɹͬʱһƳڵĵعڣôˡ
ڵعű򿪵ͬʱʱɢһױȵɵƵĳ˲֡
֣лΪǴ򿪵عڡХ˫Цͬʱһӣб¡
飡
һĵ⣬˿ޱȵؾعڡ
ˢˢˢ
ʱ˫˵ˣվںĵعſڣɫޱȵĽء
֣еλ񽫣ô˫۾һСΧת
š
ҹ̰һعڣһɵĹâ˸̶Цþڤ֮Ƿӡλ񽫵ĵط
ӡ
뿪˫һʵѵеǸ˻ûô
Ҳ̫
ҹҡͷ˵ΪһΣյʵ飬˺ܶˣвǿߡ
ѵʬ뿪Ŀһ
˫ͷʾͬ⣺˵طĹʮоſգ˰Щʬʬʵϯ
ġ
ҹ϶˵ЩʬĿΪ˷ӡλ񽫣ͬҲΪһʵѡ
˵λ񶼻ľħ֪ΪοǣҪ񶼾ѡ
񶼼ǿһսɹӡͬʱܽһܹʵ飬ʵݣȺϹŶ⣬˭Ҳ֪
˫ͷʥǿС˵һͷһƬâЦһعȥʤҽĳȻҲҡ
˵رڤ岻ҪֻҪλ񽫵ʬҹЦˮ޾ڤ֮սɡ
һȺҲؽع

عӴ󣬳
̸ڣͬԹһ㣬ֲڣԲͻ֮С
Ҳˡ
״ݵԹƵĵعţһƬڣûκιԣʿԣûνӰǿκζ
׸ܵ˫뿪˵ϢҲ֪ǽ˵عЦǰաӰ죬ͨ󷨣߳ԹֻҪռҹС
ʵ˵˫ɫط·ˣ̸ڵķֲ̫ˣΣҲķ
ǱӿٶȣѰʦͨŶݼףԲʲôһҵصַ˫ɫ˵
ҹЦɫڵߵҲ޷һ㾪λ񽫣ʹʥҲҪޣڤʱơ
ΣǻǼӿٶȰɣͺˡ뿪ҡͷЦ
Ƕ󷨣ίʵһϲͨ
ߣҶڤ֮ȽУ֮أȻڤ֮ΪŨĵط
ҹһӣǰ档


240 ԭʼ
֨֨֨֨
ڵعмţЩȫãһ˫˾롣
ȻʱһƬڣͻȻǰһƬɫЩ𲢷ʵ飬Ǳڤ֮ģͨںɫɢŨ
ɫ޾ľͷǵƵˡ
ҿҪعľͷˣһеܾǰ档ĿһݣԽĽ
һλǿʬ˵ϵͷܣֻײģֱΪ˵شѰ
ûо˵ͱأ˫˲뿪ڤİҹһˡ
˵عزر
ݲ룬޾¶ɫһɹڤ֮

ĵĵ嫡Ӵ󡢷Ľܣɱ֮
ûĶ֣Ǿˡ״Цݲȵʩչ󽣾
Ȼʩչ󽣾Զʥٷ֮һܶûУŻɬĽڻѧˡ
ˢˢˢ
ݺ£ɫɢһǰȥƬһɨ
󽣾ҵ˸оǺɽۣƮ
һʱ䣬Щڤ֮Ѿȫˡ
Щʧ߳ͨҲߵͷӳǰһޱ𺳵Ļ档
ľͷһƬڵĴ󺣣ɫĴޱ޼ʣɽХƵϯء
һƬޱŨţɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻһֵס
еڤȪﵱʲôĿ磬Ѱȥ
˫Ŀ죬Ѱ۲Ƭ
ɫȻףһױȵĿֲһشֱԲƵķۡ
ɵԭʼ塣
д󺧣뿪˵ء
ԭʼ壬ɵĽʬͬĽʬ֮¾˽ʬԭʼһ壬Զ֮С
ң
Զǰʮǿ壬壬Ȼɣǣҵǹ룬С״̬ԭʼҲܱȼʿ
ԶʱԭʼȻ˶ϡ٣һⶼŴͨ˵ĲܳΪԶʮ֮һսǿ
ԶԶûϵƬھȻӡһͷԭʼ壬ҾԲСڵġ
һͷƤ飬˵֮ԭʼ壬һҲܿԪʿˡ
˵ʬɴ˵أΪʬͷԭʼ塣һ¶ࡣ
һһͷԭʼ壬񶼵ʵõ޴Ľߴ֮ܿ龳ǿߡ
ģطǲ𣬻Ϊԭʼ壬׾ǾԶ֮жԶӶԶ
䣡
ˮȻһɫĺϯգԽŨڤ֮ǵأա
һµϢͻȻ֮
ˢ
ɫ䣬뿪˵أεطĿռ䱻ͨþסˡ
ɲǼ䣬ͳΪһС磬һ硣
ģọ߲̃ˡĿһ˹ؼʱֻ̣սūȥԸڤĽˡ
Žأ㾡һУҪ޾ڤʬ֮Ĩɱǣϧϧ
ڤڣһɻɬӺڤ·µĶƵģסĺˡ
̶̵ɲǣ޾ڤƺ˳һصĿռ䡣
ףһࡣ
ǧĺףһͨѩףĸߴϥͷ΢΢زš
ͷɫķ䣬̺żթâס
ϸȥֺȻͨѩ׵˫֡˫Ÿһ𵶣ж
ǰðСҲָȥĵЦ
ϢǺþòŵˣһˬͳֲԺ׷
ҿ
ĵװһһͷųսūˡ
Ц⣬ҲǺþûˣеζѣһСӣ
Ŀһ
ӡں׵ԭʼ壬ȻܿԼʣһھ͵Ž壿
ֶο죬Ҫ֪ͻϸ۲֮Ŷ϶ԼŽ塣
Ҳ˵ӡں׵λڣʵӦñͻҪǿ
뵽׵ɫˡ


241 Ĺ
ɫ粻ź׵ԭʼ壬к֪Ƿȥǵһʱųսū
ģ֮һɱ̫飬ҲԽһֵģɣҵʱ䲻ˣҪһЩ顣
ܲɣҲ͸һɾϲƺ׵ĵܼ
ˢ
׳˼Ƭ̣ȥ
ڰƭˣѪ⻹Ǻζġ
ɫһڣվԭʼ棬õǰҪ˺òãϰɱûС
ףҵݼôôͨѩƵ̧ͷ¶һſʵЦݣһ˿ΨҶİ
ͷϣɫķŹâıҲɢһޱȿµϢ޷ƶֺ
ǰԭʼһСʵ
š
˵ͷüͷһ壬ü¶һ˿ͷнôʱ䣬֪ô
䣡
һ궼еսһţһɫͻȻסȫ
ѩɫĳ裬Ȼһͷŷ˲仯飬סıҲɲǼ顣
һ˲䣬ĸоϵڼٵţ̶̵ɲǼ䣬··꣬ȻһʵӣʵѾǷ꣬ˡ
Ǻǣˡ
ɫɢȥλصԭʼվĿһ˿ɱԼı
ҵһߵͷ˰
һЦȻ׿ԽźڵϣȻ֣ʾҲ¡
ҵʱ䲻ˣЩ黹Ҫ鷳㡣
ڵϣôһϵĴڣûκƢ
ҽѩ˵ԭʼһԹ˵ţ죬ԲҪһھƣǾˡ
ǰ״Ӵָóһ̳ơ
ϣǺöҶǶ겻ȹˡѩĿһ̳һ
ô
кܶࡣ
ЦЦָľԭԺТʦֵģҪȣǱȸȰɡ
ѩУ׿һĨһɷıΡ϶ǿϣһ̫̫Ĺˡ
ʮ̳Ӿ¶ǣѩ¶һ˿Цݣ̾һСӣûȤҵĹ£
ǰ뽲׹
ѩ룬ƺ˺ܶ࣬̾˵һξĶǵĹ¡
Ĺ䣬Ž̻ʼԴĴɣ뼧ҡҲС
ɷǳأȤǸȤǳ
ŽڼƫԶѩѩĽ壬ԭʼһ
ʱѪûпΪԼֻһͨʿǿӣƽʦֵܴ֣ʦźǺг
Զ˾Ž̴ɱһ죬ʦѪɺӣʦֵܽսʦųҲЩǿߵĶ֡
ͷ䣬Ѫѣ
ѩɫĳѩɫķɫԼ¶Ŀֲ
һսѪѩޱȵǿоŽʥһ˾Ž̵Ĵ
Ž̵̼龳ǿ֣߳ѩŭսˣոѪѵǶ֣꣬ΪŽϬɱ˹ߡ
Ž̾ɰǨ磬ѩҲΪͳһ´֪ͣɱ˶ǿߡ
ͳһ֮Ĳãѩָǣ񶼾ѡ
һֲģ˾Žе龳ǿߣѾҪɵѩþŽ̺м֮
վŽ̶ǿ̣һʼӷӡлѣѹѩͷѩһȭҲλʼԪ

ѩĹ½ˣĿͣǴޱߵС
ǰˣ̫ǿˣ
һʥٴѺնе龳սжô£޷롣
ѩһܱ֮һƬ
ιιһѡѩܲãһ˻еס
ЦǰľϽˮ಻ӷһʰ
ţôƨҰѩЦá
Ϊϲ
аһͿ˷ۣǴһѩ
ˣС̫ˣƨˡѩֹ컨׹Ĵ
ֺƵЦϲС
һ⣬ҲѵˡѩбۿЦЦ
ҵʱ䲻ˣǿܱ岻һЩҪҪ㡣ѩһ٣ɫҲúࡣ
ǰ˵
ԭʼһһԨԴɣǼٴλ֮ǰ
ѩҡͷһЦ˵


242 ʧĸ
ҳ˵ڵѪҳ֮ӡٻꡣ
ѩɫƽ˵ȻǾŽ̾нҵֶΣΪβƣ֮һдʱ䱻ǿƣֻҪʱұұ
Ĵ۱ҵ䣬Ҳνһججôãˡ
׾ţȥĻѩܸܵһ˿Ρ
һλܣȴŽֶοֱ꣬ʱָ
ʣѩʵǳǿѾԶԶ龳ǿߣһȴǱģ󲿷ʱûǣΪŽ̵ɱ˹߶ѡ
һλǿߣ
ѩһף΢ЦΪҸе֮һҲй貵ļ䣬㡣
Ҽ䣬ȴ
ѩ̯ģһĨɫâתһöָСɼС
öɼѩɫʱޱȵᣬһ˿ȰЦ⡣
ʳɼڣһӤ˯öɼƺǧ£һּϡɣϢ
ҵĺӡ
ѩĵӤ΢ЦŽϮҽԼĺӷӡʯڣҵüģҵŮҲսսһɲǸңһöƽñݡ
ҽӲҵԪڣŽ̲δҼ䣬һ¡
չĺӣ
š
ѩ΢Ц˵ڤڤ֮⣬ԭʼǷ˽һһ飬չҵĺӣ޺
ȻʵǰôİĺտҵΪǰûʲôɡ
ɵŽ£帩׳Ƴһĵ·ѩЦ
űӣЦǰҵġ
һѡôʵȷ̫ˣҪ͸һЩô
΢΢һЦֵлǰ⣬ͶȡɶûаֺôģҲϣһǹͷɡ
ѩͷЦҲֻǿЦѡ
һ˵ţͬʱһӣöɼ뻯һüĽ룬Ȼµһ࣬Ϊ顣
սޣɼ룡ֵĽɫ׶ʱÿһ޼֮
вǿ߻Ϥڵıضֶζȡ
ĪĽɫǽ޵µսޣֻµԭʼ壡
ÿһǣǿߵң
ǰӶûѣСʵ
Ұɣǿʯƿ֮󲻻̫ãʱԶڷɳѩ˵
׽ʵǲǳǣ
ȻܣǵõʱҼ裬ҶӵķǺܴġѩۣߵΪǽһսô
һݣǰ̫ˣϵûʲôסģҲѾСϡ
ˣ
ѩվ¶õЦݣҼˣ֮ǰҲҪΪԼһ
һʵǰҪʲô
ɲ׼ŽôҺİһѣɱǼˡ
ǰЩ¶֪
ѩʼ磬Цղ漸Сһ飬Ҳ֪顣
ЦЦ׵ļ򣬺ͣܲôôΪԵУĳĲ١
׿ЦǰùӸô
˵ʵ̫ģԭʼһӦɽһӣֻܽԼĺӽ㡣
ѩɵһЦ˾ѩ׵ĳ裬ɲǼһޱȿֲϢһš
˫۷絶£㱼ֱ龳ʿսľǿߡ
ѩЦŽôҪΪԼһˡ
ǰ
ǼСһҪҰɱôѩ뿪˳׵˫ˡ
΢΢һЦҪһԸɵǵġ
ҵķɡ
ѩһЦˣҵƬ̣ȥһЩö
ˢ
ѩֱ˺նȴǰӰƺڴ˵ء
ȻʧھħȪͷսһ֪һλǿ߽ҪˣҲôƽƽ֪

䣡
˫˴бһĪżɫܾ޷ľ֡
λ񽫸ˡҹȫѾŵùڵϣ˵
ҵȼ˾λϵĴڡ˫ɫҲܲ԰ףܣȥˣ
黫ƹͿ쳣˰ɡ뿪Ц
䣡
ȻʱͻȻҵһһԻذɲǼϯ硣


243 ɵй
ǿϢʥ֮⣬˼ϢѹȵڵϣϢѡ
ϡµϢϯأ·ܱǺӣʥǿ߶еսˡ
ҹѾڵϣֵغλ񽫣λϵĴڳˡ
˫뿪ͬľ֣ǿԼڵϣǹϢȴҲѹȵǴѡ
ǶôǿĴڣֻһĨɱҵȣʥﲻ硣
һճ𶯣е鶼ڲϢʵ̫ǿѹĵ̶ڲЩӡʷеǿ߶սʲǴ˵Ķ֡
ƬСǿ߱ѣͬһʱ俪ʼսΪǷϢ̫ǿ˵޿ƥС
񶼵ĵһɱ񣬺񶼾ѣɱǿߵĴڣˡ
вƺµֵ࣬ش󺰡

Ẓ̌ҽҪΪԼһλ龳Ϲɣȥһս
һ쳹ÿһ䣬ƺһ죬񶼵ķ
ˢˢˢ
ʥ߶ˣһⶼ¶Ųź;ɫ
⵽˭Ϊôǿ
ƺƺʥҲǴ˶֡
һֻѩƴһ˿صϢֻ΢΢һѹ񶼵һǳر˲仯ޣͬǳפصʮսʿ
ѩ
ޱȲϵŭ
ʥ߾㶼ȻΪǾֵط⼸Ӱǿķ˼ѾԽʥǴ˵еĴڣ
龳
ʥֵս
Ĵ龳ǿߣǱʥҪֲĴڣʼԴǻҲûмˡ
ľŽ̹Ȼɲ⣬Ȼ龳ǿߣ
ҺáҺλϵĴھˣҪ񶼵龳ʿսЩ˶Ҫ
һ˲䣬ЩʥҲһж²ѡ
ͲҪ龳ʿһֻһ龳ʿ֣ɵʥߣʹʥҲ޼¡
䣡
Ӱʧˣһ˶еֵĳѹҲˡ
ĵһɱѣҪսλ龳ʿǵһսҪһƬ
ʥ߶Դǳο˵еĴڣһȭ֮ѹģ򶼲ˡ
һսĽ֪

һƬʱڵĺףһƽֲ
оѩ𾪳һĻҲ֪龳ʿƳӡϢ
ʱ
ѩԡѪٴγںףӰҡҡ׹Ѿ޷£ȴ¶һ˿΢Цһ˿ʤЦݡ
ǰ
ѩϥڵϣסؿѪҡͷ̾Ϣڿ԰ĵˡ
𺳣óصļҩǰӳ
ѩȻʧЦֻƾһƲ־֧ţ˵ҩҩҲ޷ġ
ƣһЦһӣѪǱڵϣЩ龳ʿĹͷѾĥ˹ͷϵϢЩò󣬵սϲԵʳ
ѩһ߿Ѫһ˵ЩǾŽѹεһЩ˳ùˣá
һ֣һѱɽ
衢ҩ洦ɼһҩ붼ǧ꣬дľҩ
ͬʱмʮʥǸ߽׵ʥҲĳұ񵶡
Щأ׼ˣ
ЩԴһɣ˵ĹȣҲܱȼ벽Ĺˡ
ЩءѵԼˣ
׵úܿ죬˵ʹһʥЩҲ᲻ҲҪȫ
Ž̴󲿷ֵ䱦ˣ˻ǵǡѩƺ⣺Ｘûʲôñˣһ龳ǿҲûУֻǵһƷڴˡ
ֱЦͷǰЩѾܲˣǳˡ
ѩӵؿһۣڵΪԣЩϱ̤ǿ֮·ͻ֣ᷢν龳ʿҲôһ£̫⡣
һæʵѵ龳滹иֲǿô
㻹ʺ֪Щ顣
ѩܾش𣬿ɽƵıأһ㣬ЩؼٵıСһƯȻ׵üġ
ƥﻳָȫҰЩؼĴʶ֮Уľȸ֪һ£Ƿҵõ
á
׵ͷű쵽ԼʶһĨ͸ȥͻᷢеıض


244 ǰߺã
Ҫʲôһ֮ͻ֣齨ԼЩʥҲа
ѩٴ
״ʶ˳ضѩд񣺡лǰ͡
þˣҲҵıɣտҵĺӣҸĹǮѩЦһѪӰˣƺϾҪ塣
ǰ˴׺˸Уλ˾ԾصƺҪŲסˡ
Ҫߵյ㡣
ѩЦôɷЦñˣҼˣӦΪҸ˲ǡ
ûпȵôѩĻأһλžɵİߣϧһ̫֮ʻָǣȴд¡
Žɲ⣬ֻǱɽһǵʼԴǻǳ磬ص֯ûб¶ʵ
ѩӰʧĺɫڷɳƺҪ»عƬء
Ѿ֪󲿷ǿѾ룬Щԭסô󲿷Ѿӻˣһִ񶼳ǡ
ѩɢˣɫʧ
ڻصţ񶼳ǻвٱأȥɣһҲỳʲô
䣡
ɫʧѩҲɢˣؼ䡣
ĻԻ;ΪһʷΨŽ֪
һλ۵Ļ׵ݾߵ֮⣬֪
ǰߺã
дΰݣĿźɫʧҲܱˡ
ʱ󣬵߳ƬععͬƬķص仯촷ۣʧˡ
ǫ̺́ÿ丸ǵﳤȥ
һջ޴󣬵Ĳ˷ܣѩı׳޵еķӡļ䡣
ôһλ˫ǿȻȥзǳܡ
Žô
Ŀ䣬һ˿ɭȻɱɣѩǰֻһ

ˢ
âһ׻ص丸ǣסĸۡ
ոջͷ丸ǵպܲһ㣬һɱ֮һʿӰڿӹųȥ
ǡҪսô΢΢һüͷеȡ
ѩǰ񶼼λǿߴս綼Ѿ֪Ҳ޸򣬴˿ǷսĴʱ
丸ͽ𽣶졢ԺȻҲŹᡣ
ʦ壬ˡŷϴӿн׺ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
δŷϴȻﵽΪ
ʦ壬丸񶼵ҲϽȥɣλҲѾˡ
ʦǻˣ
ŷϴͷ˵ţջãʥҲعˣһ
ЦЦ˵ɶӦøлѩǰٵλ龳ʿķʥҲһ
߰ɡһ֣΢΢̾
š
ŷϴߣƺżص£Ҳûʣһųȥ
Ĺ㳡ʿ丸սʿѾˣнˡ
˸ʮʿͳ죬Ȼ˿ҡ
Уǿ丸ĸ߲Լ𽣶졢Ժĸ߲㡣
ˢ
Զ׻һĿ⳯ȥ𾴣𽣶ʥ¶οЦݡ
⼸µΪ˿Уһϸ쵼ߣ㹻ʵ𽣶Ի͡
׶ˡշ΢Ц
ʦ塣
λʦ֡
ʦ塣
׷ɹȥ˼񣬶ŷϴǷȥԺ磬丸峤Ԫսվһ
ûʸЩ߲ȼ磬Щ֮Ψ׿ԡ
շ΢΢һЦοڿˣɽٵʱ˲ٿɡ
ЦСС㲻ʲô
ٺֱЦ§׼˵˵Сֱˣ벽ԪĶˣ
ֻһİ벽ԪԪǰһֻ־ѹҡ״ЦԪ䷨ͷ
Ԫ䷨Ц˵СǫˣҾʤҲģҼ츳ʿ

շЦŰ֣Ҫ໥ˣǻǾóһɣʱ񶼡
һǰհԪ䷨ֵ丸ʮλҲͷʾͬ⡣
շ缸ǰ벽ʥˣҲʵǿߵǿߣͳ˶
Ϲأշ۾һЦɡ
ɴһЦ˵ңϷܿԣȷʵóϷ㵱˧ɡ


245 Ѫϴ
ʦ壬Ҳ׼ôʱʵ
ǰõսʱˣҺŽ̵һɱǣϷɱ龳ʿĸ
շ£ռĳȻᾪ֣ǾŽ̵һɱĿֲϢİɲ⣬ʥϿûʲô
λϵĴǿƻɱ龳ʿʧɲ²ҲѾˣãã
û˾ǿԪʿɻɱĲˣǹ񶼵Ĵûᡣ

ʱ𣬿жܲһɱա
ֹǿ丸ɶʼжһ֧֧ƺƵ񶼶ȥ
Щ£мʮ֮࣬εҲʿʿսʸûС
䣡
߳һӰĸߴһͷɫ裬ɢޱȳȵϢһһ֮䣬ؼԶԶϵľӿ˹һᴩͷǹǡ
һӻ߳ضڲ絶޵еźͷɡ
һԪôͻô΢΢üĮ˫һɾɱϯأʹһûнԪסҲˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬɽУһ콾վɽ֮ң·Хķĵ۴졣
ûߵһһǷȱʲô׷
ʣһޱǿ콾һǾǿߣ˽𻢡֮ȼ硣
˭
üһһϢӿֱֳܱء
׷ǰһڶɢŰϢȻҪ
׷üһȭӳȵȭһӾͰմŤˣͬʱڶ
ɲǼ䣬ŰϢʧˣ·ûгֹƵģƻá
Ҳô
׷Цҵ´μʱͲôˡ
δ䣬Ҳʧˡ

׻ص丸ǵĵ죬һ׼շһȣ
˺ƺƵ񶼷ȥ
˿丸֮⣬ҲʮʿͬǿߣͬɺƵģ˷Χ񶼡
Ѫͻ
ƻ֮ʱһĴɱͬʱһ㤵Ϣ£ϯء
ǿһͷͷ޴ϣǳ۳գСɽƵڵϱڣһǿ½ϵĶ
𣡡
һͷ֩ԶаߣɢޱȿµϢ޴֩뱳ϣڤǿߡ
һͷ˫޻Ԫ䷨丸弸λھ޻ϣӲ񷡣

ǿߺ䣬ǰǸΧˡ
׿ԶĳǳأҲ¶֮ɫ
һ֪ڶĹϳǳأ磬ǽò֪ĽɣǶǧɣһɽƵĺبǰɢѹ
ūǸʮ꣬нҵ꣬һǲЭʹսѣҲҪһս
ǿȻͬӪ˿ȫѪڣ޲ϳȥһս
Щ̫꣬һɽѹǴϢܣһõĻᣬʮڽ㡣
䣡
һµϢ˻źսʿȫţɱҪƲסˡ
ߣ
ͻȻ䣬ڴһߣӴƵģ𶯾죬˵ȥˡ
һӰϿգһ޴ķ࣬һλ벽ʥǿߣаɣƵգɱųĴ
ȥμ̣ɵ뿪磬Ž̳һ顣
벽ʥϢˣƺѹգҴ˵ؽɶоػ򵥵һ벽ʥɢϢܱǧա
λ龳ǿ߶ˣڻװʲô
䣡
һλɵʥ֣߳һͷϣֳһ˴ꪣһĴȥ
Ǵһλʥߣϳ
ɱ
ŴʥȽʥһ֣ȹƳš
Ͽյİ벽ʥɫʱЦȻսҽ̷㵽ס
ˢˢˢˢ
ǧɸߵĳǽ·ⲢͨļʸǾŽǿ֮Ϊ
ǵضһ꣬ͬʱķϮгʥķʤ
ߣС
ʥЦһƥһââѿգɨһмͷ
λ֣һųǽս񹬵һλϴһĳһӣԵϢŤĲӡ


246 ʬɽ
䣡
ʥ֣Դǿһ۳һĥľ޴ɢ֮⣬մһѺۣȻݺݵػϵĳǽϡ
Ǽʮʥ֣Ǻӣ˺磬Ҳܴһſǳ
ʵأŽǿĪͨӳ֣һҪˡ
վʥĺһ¹ųǽǶױȵĹֶΣɲС
䣡
һ£ϯ˻ģֱ˺˹ųǽɵĳǽҡҡ׹Ȼһ촷ۣʧ䡣
ɱ
ͬʱŽ̵ĴɱˣɫеʿǿߺʿҴսһ
ʥŽ̵ĴʥǷɵս
̫С޷һսοʥ߶Ծ״硣
ˢˢˢ
ʥʧգɲǼңԶ⡣
¡¡
һսһһ˺ѿɱˡ
һͷ޳ţҰԣĴкֱײ˱ײ飬
а벽ԪǿֳʥһâɨȥһȺˡ
̶̵ɲǣأн˵ʬǵڵϣһƬѪɫ
ɱʿҲ̫˳˰ɡ
ķʤ֮£񶼴ɱˣ콾ʱŭ׷׳ַ
Ҳұ񵶣һƵļս
һеİ벽ԪʿסϵļѰʿĲһ˸ںɫһλͳ졣
ŽɣĴˣն㡣ͳĮɢһ˿˿
û˵ֱұ񵶱ն˹ȥѸټսһ𣬸
ȻԷǰ벽ԪѾڵףԾɲǶ֡

óұʩչȻЩײ࣬Сӣ£Էն룡
ûеϢƬ̣ΧɱսʿҲ㾫Ӣӡ
ɫĮעһȾѪҹգûжֻйء
ʱû˻
׽ұͷһ˫ȭӭУɫȭƳգս˺һӣʮˡ
ʮ˶ѣִģսвʲô
սԽԽ󣬷Բ֮ڶս˫뿪Ҷֵȸ콾Ҳڼսɱ񣬻ԼѪǱ˵ѪȾ
䣡
ǧ֮⣬һߴӰ֣ޱȵĹâɢȵϢ֡
ٴУȫëһȭѼӰĿ⳯Զȥȥ
𻢣
пһ£λµڳˣƺ񶼵ʿûʲôȤ׳֡
ףڵˣ
𻢴ȣ˴ɢȥʮҪ͵Ϯʿٻޡ
ս
޾壬ֳֳұ񵶣Į˵
ߣ
ǧɽӿȵĻϢգƺܷһУĮŵغȵҿ㲻һ㣬ɱ練ơ
Ǿɣ
״ȣķһɽɫѪֱֳֳұ񵶺޵УΧʿ¾ͬŵ𻢡
Ц׼֣ʱһģӰߣһ׳Ӱ֣ƽסĽŲ
֣񶼾սʺﶷɡߴӰһЦݵվڽǰ
׷Ҳң
𻢿Ӱüͷ΢΢һҽŻȥͬʱ΢΢һĿдľ衣
׷һϮۣ粻Ⱦɣüͷͬ΢΢һƽ˵ڲó֡
Цֱ֣νѡʱ͵ص㡣
׷̾Žһսʧս֮Ҳ֮¡
һҪأ
ұն㡣׷ƽؿŽƽǿİš
Цһ˫ƺգþõؿ׷ĬβŵãҸӡ
лл׷תߣϢסһˡ
Ѫɫ磬ֳ־޴ǹ֮նɱʿ
ǾŽս֮һʵǿ
䣡
׷֣һ̤ƺڲϵĵ죬ɱɱȥ
ɫĮһԶףֻһͬһսȥ
ˢ
һ޴ļʸųβͣһâֱס
һħƵӰͬѪɫ磬סס
䣡
׳ȭŻһʸɷ飬Ŀһ߹ӡ


247 һ
һƬȾѪҹգԲѪɺӣʬǶѻɽ˫Ѫƴȫû˺·
սʿ˫ͨ죬ɱ
ūô꣬ΨһĻᣬǵˣԺˣ˰ˣӭǵֻ塣
ɱ죬Ѿ޳

һ׳ӰѪɫ磬ֳ־޴˸ղŶ͵Ϯף˿ԼıҪɱס
һɢһޱǿϢʿδͻ촷ۡ
ĿٿȻһ߶Ƚ䱸ٴƵĶ
һǿĶ֣ǾŽս֮һȻδﵽԪȻ׼ʥڣ𻢡׷˲ࡣ
Сӣ㡣
ˢ
ߣͬɫУϹâƣ˸ĪĽ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬صһʥףһս
ӣ
񶼵սüͷ΢΢һһӣһʥ飬һЦɢɭȻֲϢɱ󡣡
ûԷ˵սܿ˺ս
ܿ۾΢΢Ѿߵǰʮɴ߼ʮ֮ûˣʿҲ֪ܿĿֲ콾ƥС
ǺǣҹȻڲͬȻܴҵšܿЦеǰʱһεҽƵɢǿֲϢϯء
Ŀ⺮âһͲܿϻĵ޴ֳһɱ˹ȥ
ͬʱҲˣ챮سܿ񱳺ɽƵĹ
һпսеսֶ룬ǿɱУ˷ʱ䡣
𣡡
׳Х裬߶ǿѪֱɱ˹ȥ
ߣ
ܿΪ׼ʥʱҲչֳǿʵһߣƺҪˡ
һһɫâХڿлûͷĶӸµˡ
СģǾŽ̵ġڤӰгƬ̺ʧѾС
ǰã
ܿüĴһֻ۳֣һޣиճ
ģ
ذһͬǾŽ̵Ϊ˿ƼרŶԸҵ
ͷѪĶƼҵسҧȥǼܵޱ׺֮ܡ
䣡
ĵһֻҵײһ𣬴ضڷ飬һɢȥɢȥɣһЩսʿˡ
˴󺧣Զǣǧڶ˳㹻սռ䡣
쳣޺֮Ұܴ˽аԶĲҽһ֮£ͻҵëֱ
һֻ˺챮ɲǼǰſѪҧȥ

ḥ̂ݺڶϣĳɷ顣
䣬ֱɱܿߣ֮Ҵսһ
ʱҲɱˣ޴ȭɱܷ񷣬ݺݵػܿĺ󱳡
콾ҹܿɫȻ糣Ƶȥ˵ٹ
һޱײСϢ
һͷǰݺݵ˺ҧ
ǡڤһǷǳɱУ˵ʩչ£һ󣬾ܻûһͷͶĶܵѪʬŰ֮ȫںһ𣬻ģ
ֳʣѪɺӣʬأһͷļǿ
𣡡
һͷʮɣĹƵģϢɱ
󽣾
ٴʩչǿĽݺᣬһٲֱײֵ͹Ϯ
ģѶԸڼѵĶԸ䲻һͷҧһڣȻżûбҧһ˿ɱ͸˵ࡣ
ܿЦưٹҲ΢΢¶һ˿԰֮ɫ
һӻûһͷҲǳѣǴ˵ʬɽδʹһУ

бһͷ룬׵ɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
һֲܽһͷѣǿֲĺܣɱ
޿ɱģҲˣһķ󱳿һڡ
Ѫʱ󱳼ûˡ
ʲô콾ҰٹǰҪܿЦѪɫĵҲб
ն
񷢿ˣһŭ˫ݻµһ˴ڳһ˻ȥ
ǼǿҼİ壬ͻȻʧȻܿǰݺնȥ


248 ս
ε˹žսֱܿ
䣡
ʮɳ˸ŷţܿɱȥ
ͬʱҲһȫĵɫѪͬʱ죬ǧɢȥ

һִĽ£ľһͷͷն롣
һʩչ󽣾ɫҲ΢΢ףץһ˲仯˹

һʮɵĽնһӾն˼ʮͷ
˶ȫս콾ȫ֣ʹܿ׼ʥҲУɲܵסǵĽ
һžŰʮһ޴ĽеĶնƬһХ񷣬ܿ
ģҲǷˡ˫һԣһ챮ͻأسܿ࣬ݺݵײȥ
飡
챮飬ܿҲһģԡѪ
׺ͼͬʱɱ˹ɱøѣһ޴Ĺγɡ
ܿڲִټӦսܵشһ۱һ޴ĽᴩŽתֱӰնƬ
֣һƵĴһŲȥ
ȣ
ͬǼҵɱһ̤編رаɴ󣬴ǧɱâסܿ
̫ʮսܴܿǼһǻȽȫѣ׼ʥ̫ǿһӾܽˡ
䣡
һ㤵Ϣӿıܿüкɫâ˳źȻһһ޴Ĺ֣޾ʬѪӿսٵ
Ϊֹɣ
ܿУ³һɫ޴ĥƵģѹˡ
ǿֲѹȫž죬ɱǶһ˿Ѫ
𣡡
УȫȻŹһȭݺݼ
Ҿѧ֮ȭ
ĹȭźƺƵһаȭӿ
ȭ˼壬ڰǬۻ֮
ɽ֮
ɫ侲ͬҲʩչ𽣶һżǿĽ

˸վȻֳǧɽӰӣ֮ۻѹȥ
˶ȫǹȭɽ֮ǼԪʿʩչľѧת˾Ѫǿսɱ˳
ѣ

ĥ̴СĺȻĽȻһѪɢ
շ·һɫѪ꣬ȳţĶ
ʲô
ܿɫ䣬ûϵ˾ȻĴĹɫ䷢ݣһںѪ
ħȭһȣӴա
ź׳ȥͷĺڰˡ
ɽ֮
ȭ
˶һۣͬȥȫѾˣ̶ֳȵĹѾǵļˡ
䣡
رɫһһĵ汻ѿֲɢȥԲܰڵĵɲǼ仯촷ۡ
飡
˵ɳȥѪգȫܴء
ܴôأǽֵܿ񣬸ǲҲ̶á
ɷУʶ佫ȫ㼯˫ϣһȭͼסӿ
ȻС׺ͼײȭ˫ۣƬɫѪ
ҵֱۡ
ֱըѣȻΪǧϣɨʱҷȫ
ӣ
ܿ⣬ûϵս˫۱նֻˡ
ˢ
䣬ɾת»ָһ˿ŲӡһӰ׷˹ȥ
䣡
ٲƵ£ܿնƬֻһͷ­ٵȥ
ģߣˣ
콵ʩչһžͰܿԴˡ
ˢ
һɫĹܿԪޱȵľ֣ž;
Ҫɱң֪ءܿУһննԪ
ģˡһƨڵϣڵشŴöóﲹĵ
ͬɫ԰ף¶һ˿΢ЦǿҲǶˣͼĽʮ֮
磬һδѪսջ񶼺ܴ
ѪսȷǻսΪİ취
ɱɱǣ˻δϢƬ̣һȺսʿɱ˹ˡ
ģΪǺ۸ɫһڣ˫һӣ챮ȥʬ屻ñѡ


249 ʥ
ɱ
ɱ񶼵飬ɱһǬ
ⳡսȻڳǵսֻǱɽһǣԲɶǺɱÿһ̶дʿսսѣҹնǰɫġ
¡¡
һ޴սӿһÿһʸųβͣڿд͸ˣʬ屬ѣѪա
𣡡
丸һͷ޴ŭ𣬵ʮУҲ˲䱬Ѷ
ߣ
ǿڷݽ棬ͲֵǮԽԽ࣬ʬɽ
ߣǼ
ϢƬ̣˫߰ս⣬սȥ
սϢһ¡ˣκ񶼵սˡ
ѵõʵսᣬսһ̫ϧˡЦЦָԶ˵ǼҵĵҲͦģ׷Ŵ򡣡
˳ָķȥɫʱˡ
ʮ޴ս¡¡һҵĵΪȻȻֵܵвѾսˡ
ģ
һʹԭʧˣһֻ޴ĽƴһӾͲ̤һս
ڷ裬Ҳս񣬼ҸݻЩս׷״顣
ʱҲ¼սһƵĺȥ磬ո˵
飡
Զһƽ񶼵һλսųХһһֻɹһƬƬ棬ˡ
䣡
Զ׷Ҳսڲƽսƺʺݲȵһλսս֮ɱ˶Է
ͬʱ
˫뿪ɱһλս
ҶֺͬһˣλսĻʳǿ߻ɱ
սȫսʥҲƵս޸򣬼Ϊһճǡ
Ȼʮսʿƴֿ˺ƺƵķˣҲѾûһս֮
ɱ񶼣ȡǵ꣡
ɱɱЩ飬һ죡
սʿѾ׷ˣѹɱʿˣ˲ء
䣡
ȻʱȻһ㤵Ϣ˴󺧣ȫов
һƬʵɱϯһɱսʿʱһƬ
˾壬Ƿ˺£
飡
һɰѹ˲񷣬һڹٳڰУɢĥʥ
ʥ
ǿߵһؼʱ̾ȻдʥԶˣסʮ
ޱǿʥϢǳӴɢѪڻˣŤŤתսĸ֡
ٺبգɢֲѹסһƬսʿѾ˻ȫڹٵĻ¡
һʵĹâȥס񶼣Ҳ˵Ĵֹס˽Ų
Ǵʥ޷ܺ
ǾŽ̵ġ̫Ҿ١ɼʢĴʥ
Ĺҵһλ׼ʥʾˣͬʱһʥг֣ȫУס̫ҾٵϢ
ģǼˣʥҲˣǺѹȥߣ
˴ǧɣǵʥʥϢۺܵס̫ҾٵĿֲѹ
ĵǣǵʥһ̫Ҿ١ڤһλϴȣܡ
̫Ҿٶѣ֮
䣡
һֲӰ̤նױȵİƣĽ׳һ


֡
׺ͼüͷ΢΢һһֱֵĺȻˣôߵ
ģһҲˣǰͷܲˬԺķС
Ŀһˣ»й̫Ҿٵ
һƲߵʥҪǼҲСүЯݵͷ
ĳ֣˵ɫ΢΢һ
ʶǿߵ콾ǶɫĮȻضŰиߴӰ
𻢺׷ǵȻһЦ⡣
һУܲ庫Ҳֻˣ˻Ķ֣ǱҪϵʵ顣
𻢡׷
ԼΪһǿߣ˭õǿߵĳƺţҪ˲С
ŲһİϣϢȣٲȻ
֪ǿ߶֪λѾħԴϢޱȵĲб
䣡
ӺںȻɢһضսϢһɢǵĴڿչһƱյ͸˵ļѿˡ
ʥ
׼ʥ


250 ʥ
һӭչаɳ͸Ű쵹âɢնҪܡ
ʥ
ƬսУڳһʥ
ǱȴʥҪǿķʥƵķɶһʥ
Ǻҵ졣һƲأʥǿ
죿˵Ǻһλʥɵǿ߻Ѱɵģ챦죬ǳĿֲ
УâŨңâĿɱӣһ֪дϡ
ɴСںͷһâɵס̫ҾٵϢ
ʥʥ
ҪˣʥҲסʥܰ
˵սʿǴЦȫһ񶼵ʿһ¶ԭΪʥܵסЩˣûϵգۼԷȻЯʥɱ
䣡
ú𽥸ҫ۵Ĺâε۶
죬һɫĹߣų񶼷ȥ
ˣ
𶯣һȦȦһƵĻâ£Ҫס졣
ߣԲ
ЦһХٴط߶졣
䣡
ض·ѿˣʥֱܼɹйϷػһʥܴ򴩳硣
ٿȻһؾ̫Ҿ١
پ𶯣һһȦȦɢȥÿһǻ졣
ʥҪȴʥǿ̫࣬һ̫ҾٸУƾ޼¡
ƺ̺ڹٵŭ𣬵ƺܵشת
ⳡսҲ룬ҪˣЦһʧͬʱʧĻ̫Ҿ١
ģ
һϵĴʥôںˡ
û취˭ûʥҲЯʥûлôЦ
ɫѿȥ֮ӾͱչأﵽھͲˡ
ЦһսҲҪչˡ

˵ļ϶˵ĴٴǰɱȥûдʥԼ񶼸ͲǶ֡
ƺƵĴһ·ǰѹʬԽԽ࣬սķΧҲԽԽ𽥴
һϵĽݻ٣û龳ʿ򣬾ŽѾǶˡ
ȻĹҵǿҲڴɣŽǶôǿѵʵڴˣ
Ψеԭ򣬾Ž̵ѾʼԴǳˣɲĴ̵̲˶ôֲʵɶ֪ĹҲ
䣡
˵ǿ߳ɱǰİʥȴʥ÷顣
ѪɺӣɽƵʬǰѻÿǰ׶ʬ壬սʿģҲ˾ӵġ
һսݳڰУž㤵Ϣɽôһʥķ
ˢˢˢ
һ
ˡ
޾ڤܣһ߾޴ùǼܱڤǿ߼һֲĲϯܡ
ʥʬڤȻɲ⣬Բٿʬ塣˾ڤһ˿
ڤ弸λǿߴȣʥʬ޴ǰһ죬ɣֱսݡ
񶼼ʮĴţһ·ǰߵľ
񶼻ʣµĴһ޴Ŀйڡ
ɱ񶼴ǾͷǾͿԶرнˡ
ǰɢʵĹâһƵģϺʹ
ʮ˴ֹס˽ŲΪҲóĲԹơ
λѣѾ񶼴ܸ֪Լôһλ׼ʥʵ

Ԫ䷨ɫأһͷϣֳʥľ޸һƵġ
ҲɫѾǵ꾿
Ҫ׼ǵѾˣһս˾Ẓ̌³Ӥģپǧķչֵɡ׼ʥ˵
š
ҲǵѾ𣬵һжֵõģֻҪ񶼣ûκپнǵֻ꣬ҪЩ㹻ķչռ䣬һжõġ
ɱʹѾ𣬵ҲҪ񶼣Ϊ˲䣬Ϊǵĺ
ǿŭɱӯҰ
ˡ
ʱԶĴͻȻҵĶһƻɬصϢպȻŤ
ãҪȥٲֹĻǵϣˡ
Ҷоķǳ͸һλ׼ʥһɫ䣬


251 û
صĴǧʵĹâ赲̽ԵĹʥȫһҲͬһȦȦϣûκá
׼ʥĻɫ䣬䣬ʿ
Ȼ޾ıأǧΪ񶼵ı⣬صĴߣⳡѪսûκ塣
ʥסգ뿪׼ʥٴκȵ
ã
š
ʥǿ߶ͷһǿֲϢһһһι״ʥգ˲񷡣
ҵľ޸ڤʥʬǡʮĳߡĿİᦡ
ԼҲʥ
䣡
䣡
ʮʥգȫͷųɫâŻذϢΧס˿д
Щʥȫ֮󣬶ŰɴСһ貵Ĺâ˸ţâסǬա
յĴͻΧ˼Σȫ޹ʮʥΧصıҲá
һơ
ɡ
⵽˵ķԣ̫غջһʮʥݻˣҲˡ
ǿ߸ԸΨ걻ƺƵʥϢˡ
һʱ䣬˽֡
ǿ߶üͷ˼ƿİ취ǿй϶У˶Ը⡣
ö֮Ľȥƺ̫ܣ񶼵ʿˮ֮ʱâһˮͰһŶûС
ֻ֮һ취ҵڣʥǿйƴţɱȥһλ׼ʥ
ˢˢˢ
񶼲ıΧһƵʮʥһ㽫еļʸˡ
оɳͼһڡ
ȻɺѾҪΧʥ߶ʿսḻ
ЩʥѾݵΪһ壬һâй
ôȥҲǰ취Ҫҵڡڤ켱ˣ
һʿڤ峤Ϊﵽ׼ʥ۷壬ɢһڤһ˫˸̹⣬ޱȵǿ
峤ԪɺԣΨܱøǿһͻﵽԪ
ЩĻۣһﵽԪ֮ٶȽͻ벽ʥҲ˵
˫ҰɫͰһĴĮλѣǲҪ񶼵޾ôʿҵô
ĬȻǴܻԣҪƾоҵڣ̫ˡ
壡ΨнԣѰʦѰ˫ֻܹ
Ȼ뵽ף
˶ʱȻôѽˣѰҵӦúɰɡ
ˢˢˢ
ʮĿ⳯׿ϡʡԹ޺ϣ
Ŀ⽻֯һ𣬻۵ϡ
Ц٣Ҫͷม
΢΢һЦֿԴ׬һˡ
ʲô˼񲻽⡣
һ֪ˡ״һЦ
ڤ峤һ˫Ұɫӳ׿Уҵڣ
ǺǣֵѰ˫һ˫ѰۿһȻҵõ˫Цվһͷ޵ϣһСתеʥ
뿪Ҳ̲ؿڵ峤ģֳ֣Ƭ̼ҳڡ
в˳ϣ׿Գ֣Ϊ䣬ΪɣʩչѰҳڡ
Ǻǡ
ֻЦĿȻܵЦĺܵȻƽȴʼû˵
Ҳвû˵Ŀƽص״𸴣Ҳһٮٮߣодһλӡ
λӺƽֻΪвۣǿȴС
ǰսλǿ񶼵һλսսǿ

ڤ峤ײɫʱߵУϷĻûô
ŭαˣ磬Сǿ丸ĿˣֲѵԪ䷨üͷһ壬ȵ
ŭ׹һǿŭɫƵضףʵУȻλѶ˵Ѱм٣ϣܾҵڣǽⳡս
˸ͣϣܹȫ֣ʩչѰΪҵڡ
̹Ȼӭ˵Ŀ⣬һЦƽ˵ûⰡǡʲôô
ʲô
׵һ仰ò˶סˡ


252 
ʮսʿ콾ǿƼۼҪķˣ׾Ȼҳû
ǳû
䣬ΨԼˣ⻹ǸȻŽôλڽۺһ֮ɱ˽ڽǧ˵Ķ콾ô
ڵף緲˵СƵп룬¶һ˿Цݣ̹ȻӭĿɿڴĿ⡣
𽣶ĵӶر۾ŷϴǿЦһԼλʦΪ
֪Ϊ˵ļǷۣжһȻĵļһﲻŹκһλᡣ
ʲô
ŭҲԼˣϵ΢΢һ󶶶ŵʵղ˵ʲô
Цĺܲãʰŭ峤ҵڣʲôôأ
ֹǰŭԼӶ΢΢鴤̫޳ˣ¾Ȼǡ
˵һǿ֮һȺǲ̫ˣ
һλҲ¶֮ɫȵ
ιιǸ˭˵ıôʲôгæôһç򡣡
˿ˣ˵
ȣкâһʲôݣҲô뱾˵

δ䣬ҵǿɫشȣһλ׼ʥɫЦ峤ѣ֪ߵغǼҵӣʲôô
ԷȻǻĹżҵӣ峤ɫ΢䣬һ˵ʲô
С
ƲһЦǲм
ֵƤȻڲͬ˫Ц˹һ˵
Цеһսն㡣
㡭˫ŭ˫âеСתʥƵ
Ƶ˵ϻʲôǾͳûôˣбұҳڡ
˵ļλѶԶζЦһֱ̫쵰ˣʮǰթôǵеһ²ӡ
̫֡޳ˣ
缸ĬĬ˵
һɵģǲõЦţһ˵һϣ̬ȡ
ҪѰҵڣԣֻҪ㹻ĺô
СҪʲôôĿŮ峤ڣƵЦ
һŮԣһͷɫĳһһЦжżջˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ĿʢŮСսȥ͡
ҪðӶˣߴ˵ȴӦ
һȥû¶һ˿΢Цл峤룬ȥ;ˣ峤ͬĻλֵȥ
ϲУðҴҲǿԵġ
Ҽλǿʲ죬ǵ̫ˡ
ĿŮ峤΢΢һЦ˵ðô˵СѶĿûбҪˣ
š
ЦЦĿһŭõɫ˵峤
ŭĿⲻƣҲ֪˿̲̫ףߵʲôҪ󾡹˵ֻҪ̫֣Ϸصġ
ɱ˫ҲܴӦһ죬ǵ˫뿪ɱⱬ
ǺǣҵҪҲ֣峤һҲף̫ŵ
ϲˣЦݲ˵һʥΣʲôʥԡ
Ҳв֣ŭɫɫĿ£ʵûа취Ѿֽѵˡ
ڤǴ䣬һʥ㲻ʲôɡЦ
ã
ŭĿһһɽзɹһֻȡ׵ĿХķ˿ɫ΢΢һ䡣
л峤׳֣ݵؽӹɽ
һɭĹâͬʱ̺ޱߵڤŭҲ˵㻰ĨȥԼʶûίߡ
׺װԼĴָڣĿ⿴塣
ߣͬӹȥһʥ
һ׿ףϡĲɣЦеЦˣͬ봢ָС
ǰ
ڤͰ֮Цݣ塣
һλò߹ŵߣЦЦ˵ʥ̫٣ϷͲ׳ˣ˪֥һֵ꣬ʥСΪΣ
˪֥
¶֮ɫ
Ǿ䣬ǿʦ˪֥Ԫǿӳĵ衣
˵ȷʥֵԪʿУҪ߹һʥ
лˡһܷ֥ɹеâ˸ץУҲ봢ָڡ


253 ɱ
΢Ц䣬˿۾ֱˣһЩʿȫȻ¶Źֵɫ
⼸Ѹ𣬳ΪʿĿеż񣬲ηǿȨҸκζ콾ײôδһܣýڽ̶޲ߡ
պյսĿãǿƵѾģȻôһλص𣬻㱼ֱ̰߸˶ۡ
Ȼ֪˶֪ʵԸ̰ƶƤȳǽ
壬ڿôŭɫõʵ
ţлǰ񽣣Һгֵıǰ塣״Цǵðŭɱ֣һ˵
ιôûթ˫ǣ
׷ۣԼҪ̰صʿʱţ˫ҷ
Ҳǣ˵Ը񣬿ɵͷߣҲͷ

Ц伸ѾˣҪ̰Ҳŭ
СʩչѰڡ峤Ŀһ
û⡣
ЦЦԽڶʩչѰۣѰȥ֪ǰصĹ
ˮͰƵȷһʵĹâ˿ӣֻѰʦҵ
׵ѰԽľտһɫԽŵȻ֩ƵӵգʸһʵĹâϡ
飡飡
粻ϵķ飬׵˫ĿҲԽԽѪƵ˫ĿâѰõ¡
Ǻǣ
չһʱ䣬˫ĿָһɫܲڿУһֱָһλá
ڣ
Ļ䣬ɿתǧʹâ䣬γһƬ뵣֡
һƬƬϯһɢȥγһɹ쫷磬Ҫס˴ĽŲ
нɫڶʼûɢңָĳѾסڵλá
ȻҵڣǻʲôơɫԽڶ
ˢ
ʮɻͷһɬɽƵĿϢš
ȣ
һȣʮͷų⣬аɴŤʥˡ
䣡
ʮХһ޴ļɹȥһӾͷ֮ȻǧɽƵĴڽɫңָλá
¡¡
ʮȫһתٶȶȻŻ࣬һģĴʱʱ֣ƺˡ
Ϸһ֮
ŭϣ˳ضһ޴Ҳǰ벽ʥȴֻѡ
ʬĹǼܱһֻ޴İ׹Ǿǵصǰһ졣
飡
֮ըǰ׹ǾɲǼͰģĴϣֲıըӴ
󱻷飬׹Ǿֲ̫Χը޴ɢȥҲҡҡ׹¶
ɱȥ
ʱԪ䷨Ҳˣһ޸շɹڼѵĴϡ
䣡
ֲը˶䷢飬ɵĴŷ飬ǿ߾ͷ˹ȥȿֺɱȥ
ȻȷǴڣЩ񶼵սʿɵˣôҲûϵ˵ľҵڡ
û˾ǿսһߵɱ룬Ȼ濴ֻһɵĴռ޴ʮȥһ㶼Եӵ
׺ͼҲźƺƵĴɱ˽ȥ
һƵĹ֮ŷڲԳһ磬ǳĹ󣬿ռܴ
Ž̵ʿ󲿷ֶڵһأգۼͱɱˣŨŨѪζƮ
ˢڰеʿ֣һ͸˵壬Žը
Ӳдѣز첻ɣ׼ʥʥʼ
˰ʱ񶼲ʿ¾ʬǵһƬһƬ޳Ƶġ
ƺƵĴͣڵһ㣬ĬûҶ
ҪȻ޾ıأԼҲпܱĳط
û˸ѰҪһóһԵķС
ȳȥɡ
ţɵȳȥ
սʿҲȳȥ
׼ʥ໥һۣȻԼͬһͷøɵʿ˵ء

ʮ߳ȥһǧɿĵһڣֻȰˡ
Щ˶ɵ׼ʥ콾ǣԼͳǡ
׺ͼȻʸֱصԵӪС
ˣμطΪ໥䶼ĿдžͲΡ


254 ײ
𽣶丸塢ڡʵڽ̡񳯡ҡҡ
ɶһֻаˣʶλȨߣʥ֮⣬ЩҲһЩ顣
Ҫɱףû˷԰ɣͻȻ䣬һɳȵϢܣ𻢴ɭȻɱ⣬Ц
ʣʥʱɳΪ˵ʵǿĸ֮һȼֻ׷
ѾԶȥƺԴ˵صıز̫ȤΪĹźҵҵĵ̹ãŽȻܸУδرС
һһ˿˿ƣһͷɫĳ䣬ޱȵĮȻµƺɱ⡣
񶼱ԼԳˡ
һɻɬȡµϢڽת˵ɫʱͱˡ
ڽ̵λʥӱøӿˣֻѾһֻԪˣǷȱֻǻ۶ѡ
׷㻹ôÿ¡
׷üͷ΢΢һҡͷ˵ǵ˽˶ԹҲʣ㡣
á
𻢳Хһɫ裬׿ȥգ˭ܾ㡣
Թۣ˫¶Цݣý𻢺׻ƴһϣģܼʶһ𻢵ʵǿʲôز

䣡
һɽɫѪ൱ǿƣη壬Ž𻢵һսôҸλᡣ
ˣ𻢵ʵȻ̫߳࣬ɫһڣͬվ䣺붯ֵܣʹô
𻢸޾弧¶һ˿ЦбۿˣһҲ޷ҿ߹һ
𻢣Сǿ丸ѣδⲻҷɡԪ䷨ɫƣž޸߳
Ԫ䷨
ŭһԲ飬޹أ㲻ò֡
û˵ʸ񡣡Ԫ䷨ߣĿ絶Ž𻢣˱Ȼһ£
Ԫ峤Ҫֵ֣СʱҲ߳ţһƵġ
䣡
һգҹƷ簺ͷŰվֱЦӴڽ˲𰡣Ҷֵ֣ܳʹô
׵λֵۣܶ˳ҪˣԪ䷨ʱҲЦˣЩ˵һ˲ǽ𻢵Ķ֣ʵҪɵ
ߵǰĵ纣ХһϢϯأƺƵһ˫˫Ӵŵɫӭ𻢡
ŷϴȻ΢ҲԸʦ干ˡŷϴɫȻͬվ˳
ӣλ֣Ҫս𻢡
𻢵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǺԸɱף¼ԮҲνڲɱӵ£а˳ϣе塣
ҹƷĳ֣ȴ뷨
ҹƷ绹磬һʿһٮٮߣټϽ𽣶ʥŷϴ
콾֣˵ԪʿҪսľһ
ӴҪȺսôֵҪսףѵҲûô
˫΢΢һЦһ˵
ҶҲһԸ͵ֵˣһѵûֶսô
˵Ž޵УҿδأҪеͶս֡Ҳ˵
ŭʲô£˭ҵҰһҽУ
˫ɫʱߵעĴǣҲԸ֣ҲҲ֡
ðһеҹƷǿƣһЦˡ
˫ߣкâһһСתɢƵʥȺվˡ
޾壬Щһֺηẉ̂սѡ
𻢿ף¶м֮ɫ˵ǿƣѵһսû𣿡
ڲĶ֡
ɫƽֻһѣǰ벽Ԫ磬ﵽ벽Ԫһֻ־ѹ㡣
㡭
𻢴ŭȵĹâ˫ձյĶ΢΢Ťޱȡ
׵һҲһŽֻΪѣ
ʿ׵µ𣬵ϸžø£
Ϊƥһ벽ԪʿֻΪѣǿУϲʲôͬ
ȻΪѹ콾ֻ֮ȼ磬Ǳս˾η
ʮʱ䣬Ҵﵽ֮ṫսʱǷʲôΪ
ս飺ʮֻ֮Ҫҡ


255 ʥ߻ع
ʮ
׵صڴУɫƽؿŽ𻢣ȴĻӦ
ڳ˶Ϊ֮𾪡
ôôʮǽ𻢵Ķô˲á
ѾҪԪˣʮʱλµ콾Ϊʥߡ
һλʥ߶Ծò˵׷ǳţ˿񶼱ˡ
Ҳ˾ԴΪͿԱȼ˫ˣٸʮʱ䣬ܿ𻢣Ϊֲ콾֮һ
˫ɫӣһ˿޺;裬Žɳʮ꣬ǶҪˡ
һܿµĵˣȻ֮д𣬵ҲΪ׵ʺսȷֲܿ

Ž𻢣ٴκȵ𣿡
ΪҪȵʮ֮󣬽վͿն㡣𻢲Ϊɱ
ʮǼҲ֣ҶףͱֱûˡЦ˫Ŀâһ
ʮʱ䣬ʱʵҲ֣һʤҹƷҲ˵
Һʵ̬ýڽ̵ļλ׼ʥɫ䣬𻢵ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Ĭ
ǲᣬҲҪԹƽһЩײ꣬˶ꣿڶս̫ƽʮб´һսǶ֡ҵһλ׼ʥҲˡ
ɲ֣˫Ҳ޷˵ʲôˣǽִҪս»ǳ粨
ʵʹԺҲ˵δԸΪ˺ƤҲͬ
׵Ĺϵ½֪ʤֵһ㣬˿ǵʧʱ򣬼ʹ˵һ˵սľĻ
Ҹܹעףƽһս˵ʲô˭ѹˣ˼һٴγɽġ
ֱǴɱͷƤ飬ڽһȺ˵ɫü԰ףҲ⣬鼫䲻Ȼ
Ӣۣ
λۣѹһ콾̧ͷ˵Ҳ˵꣬ǲĿе̡
Щ꼧Ӣ㲻ȻŹǿ֮һһ֮ѹһɲҳԡ
ã
𻢱̬ˣΪԼǣҲҪΪڽ룬ǼӢķŭЩʯ˺
Ҹʮʱ䣬ʮĽ죬ĮȻȵϣʱ㲻
΢Цɫƽԡ
䣡
ʱһ纣ϢдһӰ˴
ɵʥ߻عˡ
ʮʥߣˣŰ߰Ѫмأɫǰܡ
ʦ壬û°ɡӰһշߣϢңڴŴȻˡ
շڰ֣Цûʲô󰭣ؿڱһȭʮȬ
𽣶ļλʥߣշأ༸ҲˣҺްûв
״Ӵָóҩֱݸշ硢꼸ˡ
Сʦܣô˼ĹҩЦŰ֣˼ɡ
ЦҩѣǰЩڳתһȦõٺöЩǾţһëѡ
ĻڳӶ΢΢һ鴤мʲѡ
׵Ѱ裬ⳤĺ԰ֱֹ´нջ
ʵ֤׵ջȷܴҪЩ֪ѩ͸ıأֻĹʱ䶼Ҫˡ

ȻСʦջķᣬҾͲˡùһҩһ߶֮ƶʱ˴롣
ҲЦųԵҩٸ׿
ʦ壬ġ׺ܴ󷽣ֱó͸˪֥͸շ硣
˪֥
շһ꼸ҲɲֱѵҲѰҵģ
ˣǼֱ̫ˡ
峤ʢȴҪ͸ҵСҲãʦáЦе
ģ޳ܣ
׵Ļòֱۣ峤ǿЦҡͷȴҲû˵ʲô
շϳɾһЩ˵ɫ֪ں˵˵˪֥ȷдãҲ֪λʦֶѰҲûиЦеسȥ
֨֨
˪֥շ缸̽ʥ˫۷죬ʵҪ
䣡
Ƭ̺շȫ˪֥ҩЧһɹë˲˼֮⣬ƼȬˡ
λǰʥߣѵǵôڤİŭʵ
ŭǿƣҲҶʥ񣬴һ˿ʵ
ǿҲϣؿշˣȴǵһ𰸡


256 ع
ǿߴ˿ҲֵܱһλʥߣԾض¶źڴ
λʲŲŽʥһսҲ֪ءշȻڡ
ʥߵͷʾ˵շ򱲷ֱȽϸߣΪǿ˵˵Ҳ
Ž̵Ĵ󲿷ѾԶʼԴǣҲ뿪˳磬ҲΪʲôôǡ
ǵ󲿷Ѿõˣ֪һصʵ飬Ҳö֪ϷԾ˱ɱǵı֮еȷõһЩ꣬ġ
շ̯ģһ޴ıڴڣɫ˸ȫꡣ
עЩԴȷ塣
ˢ
峤ݺᣬӰһдллǰ
þⱾǵġշһ̾
ʥҲ̾Ϣҡͷõóһ޴ıɫ㸡֣ǿȫ쳤ХмԸӣһߡ
˿ڣϧЩֻв򣬻кܶʧ񶼱չǡһλʥ΢Ц
Ԫ䷨ЦȡһЩѾԣūǵ񶼱Ȼˡ
λ֣ڻıأЩǸη֣ڽһλʥ۹һųȵϢʵ
иˡ
丸Ҳˡ

ֵɷʤʵʱˣʶȤȫ뿪Ƭ̺Ĵֻʣǿߡ
֮󣬸׼ʥԼһǿҲ뿪
ΨмʮλʥڴڣһǹֽȡأιϷ֡
׺ͼһȺ˴߳ؿһǣһˡ
콾Ҳȥ֮мҪˣƻᵽ֮Щһ콾Ҫչ
ףʮ֮𻢵ĶԾ˵Ŀ⣬ЩֻΪױɣҲ׻Ӯýܴһ漣
СӣȥҼһô󣬼ʵ
룬˵Щȥɣȱչس˵
Ҳãʮս¹ش󣬱ҪץСͷ
Զڤ峤ҹĮ˵Ѿں꣬ʮ֮һȥһս
üͷһ˵СӣǷǰɣ
ҹǳǿƣڤƣû˸ҶҸһֻһ
ЦЦʱ㡣
ҹؿһۣתߣҲἧĽҲһλУʱճɾͲ˫ˡ
׵ĵѾܶˣںٶˡ
½½ģ콾뿪гвģҲ֮õ콾ʽ顣
׳裬Ҳ벻Ͻ飬вʥӣ׷мӡ
һλƽƽҲһ˿ȻЦݣܲۡ
ǴĻʳĹƽ
š
׵ͷص콾Сơ
ƽ򲢲һɵʥӣڳһսҲֻвǰ뼸һλս֮սԡ
һмʶĸֲСһּصĸо̶ƵĿ͸
֡֡ƽǸһЦǳĿ
֡
׺ͼֱ
˵Ƹ˽𽣶죬ǷΪ棿ƽЦʵ
һͷ΢Цʦ£ȥС
Ǻǣܰƽ£ƸҲиˣպƸ磬ʺá
á
ұ㲻ˣǡЦЦܺ뿪ˡ
򵥡
״
Ҳѵ¶֮ɫģ˸ҺΣյĸоԽ𻢺׷Ƶġ
ӽɣô֣Ժǵ·ߡ
עʼԴǵģʱ㡣ԲѣûûεشС
׷ۣ

֣Ҿһ丸ڣԪ䷨ĸۡԪսƱյ
Ԫں꣬ʱձܸ˿丸塣׾ٱЦ
ԪսҡͷһЦ˵ҵνϲҸ׵ҲڣҸ׾ԶѪǿ丸ϣ
΢΢һЦֵЩҾҪˣԺлԪֿȥңұؾ֮ꡣ
á
Ԫսͷ޳ԪȥʼԴ̫СˣʼԴܶˡ
˺Ҿƣպһʱһλ丸߽˵峤ƽ˰ݷ


257 ƽ
ƽ룿
׺Ԫս΢΢һս񹬵õģ뿪Ѿȥ˽ۺ
а֮ǰ˵˭õƽ꣬ͿѡһЩأ궼Ѿ͹ȥˣҪʲô
֣㿴
һɡ׵ͷ
Ԫսͷ
Ƭ̺һλͨӲӵһλ׼ʥʢа׵ܵܡ
ԭǰСֶûгӭʧˡԶԪս΢΢һæ
ԪֶˣҲðáЦЦ㿴ףع˵λСѰɡ
ǰ׿ػ
а󣬺˼Ƴ˼⣬ЦðãǷ˼֮СƲۺһˡ
Ŷ
΢΢һЦʵ峤֪Ϊ£
ģǻƽǰղ˲ʯûѰʦæ飬ðãСʯڱҷģһġ
ԪսԲһЦƽȷʯǸΪҩı꣬Щʯ
ֻǻƽﶮѰЩʯһֱڻƽأڶ֪ѰĴңƽȻŹλᡣ
ҡͷһЦ¶֮ɫԭ峤ʢҪӵģֻǰΪƿŽ⵽Ѱķɣ¡ˡ
΢΢һûϵ׻ܾɫ΢΢һɵСѣǡʱܿ
˵һ£Ҳ˵οаǰʧˡ׿Ц¶һĪı顣
ЩãɫȻԼѾӣԷȻ飬δ̫ѻƽɡ
ǰ
׿͵ĲãЦЦһϿҵ˵¼ҲҪȥĲϣٷκѪ¼仰ϣǰת峤׵ġ
ǡ
һһ˦ɫ뿪
֣ΪηŹƽıӦûܺѽߺԪսʵ
ЦЦζΪǺãаЩļˡ

ʱһƬӿĺϣаڿУ͵Ļһ̾
磬̫ˣǻƽʢȴӣδ̫Ƿˡŭһ
а˫Ŀ˸ŸӵĹâҡͷ̾СܰΪǺã̫ļˡ
Ͳʵγԣ
ǲȷвʯгЩʥ߻᲻ģʱǵĩվ͵ˡ
е̣ʲô
ѵûеôгʥĵǾҲԶˡаҡͷһ̾
Ц̫ļˣǲҪչҪһǼӾһΣǷһ顣
šҲһгʥĵĶǻƽȷҪдˣ˿׻治ǡ
磬Щʯô죿
ô궼Ѿˣںٶ༸֮꣬ȥʯаЦЦʱҲóĳġ

һг䶨
ŽıأɹϷֵĸɸɾ֣ɻ⡣
ȻЩʥһЩʧı࣬ԶԶûдﵽԤֵ
ҲֻΪŽڴǰѾ˴󲿷ֱôҲµӮһס
׵üʶڣһأԴһ벽Ĺҡ
׼ˣЩʥѾҵţһµˣɶۡ
ǻصǷǳ׷ʼԴǺͳͨǱſͨ
䣬ҲûȥūǣŽ̾ǰ֮˭ҪͼūЩµսʿḶصĴۡ
ǿ߳棬ǲϣͨʼԴǵͨʮ֮󣬳һҲҪȥʼԴ
Ҫ֮ͬˣȻһ粻ɱҲᱻȥûҪǵķչ
ңٴ䶼ѣ֮ҪЩѵ
ֹ˼գгһ޴Ĺţʮλʥߺ򿪵ģͨš
ֱأȥ㡣Ԫսָ
ڴԪꡣҲЦָ
һʿžȥص׺ͼһ˸˳ѣҲ˽ȥ


258 
䡭
һȺȺʿһȾ޴ĹڷɳǿϢǵأѹǵնŤˡ
ʿ½½ɳǴӳٴλص
ʿƺƵɱ볤磬ŻĲһⳡսĲпͲҡ
ѾʧˣԶôãûжѻɽıҲûзḻ㿪ɵĿأеǿߡ
ʣЩˣѾձ࣬ûбձʿһâԶݶȥձʿμȫԶľ롣
ֻˡһЦӳ˫ֲǳŵĴЦ
վһ΢ЦĽ
һǿӰӳڷɳҲˣվԶֱָףȵҸʮʱ䣬ϣ㲻ʧ
áֻĮȻӦһ

ӡ
ˡ
ֵܺǶǧʿǵ׷׵ˡ
ӣֵԸؽ𽣶죬ϣ㲻ҪǳзŶٴЦű̬׷ס
ʣĶǧҲ׷׽£ʾԸ׷ףΪ𽣶һԱϣǡ
¶һ˿֮ɫ
ӣʱܸؽ𽣶죬ҵСдҪȥԥһ˵
š
Цļ˵ԺѴʱҡ
Ц䲻׷湫ӣֻҪһ£ĳȻǡ
΢΢һЦ͸һЩͼҩҲλ˽׷ôá
۵ȼԷĵ뿪ˣʣǧûߣһЦվ󣬳Ϊİס
ʼԴôãԼİףһӾǧʿвֵʿ
˵ˣ̫һǿٱڽ𽣷ƽһ
СӣǾʹ˷ֱ𣬻ʮ֮һȥҰݷü
ֵֵܾͲôˣҪڽ𽣶챻۸ʱңΪ
һᱻ۸ô״Цǿҵš
ҲЦƾڵƣ𽣶˭С»մҪҲҪһǷ񹻷
䣡
һ˶ӰһȻҹηҹƷֵˡ
ҹηԽϣѾΪʥ죬Ҳһ޵еǿߡ
οͷû˰ͷ硣
׹ְлҹǰҲܰȻȹѹء
ҹηЦҪʲôǰˣǰͷͽǱȣ˵ƷǺֵܣͺһɡ
ҹ硣Ц
ˣҲҪʵˣպѴȥҡҹηֵûж̫ã˵һ뿪ˡ
ȻҲûǾ򿪴̨ǧʿ㷵ؽ𽣶졣

ˢ
ɢ뵹âĴ̨̫ɽһһȺȺ߳ʱһЩˡ
˭Ҵ̫ɽһһ쳣׳Ӱױȵİ
һλ꣬׸ߣһͭɫļը·Ͷܴһɽ
бۿŴӴ̨߳ʿһ˿ɵ;裬кʣʲôˣ
Сһˡ
ɢĪ׳һ𣬵¿ϲʦˣ
ͽݼʦ𡣡Īȥǰ
¶һ˿΢ЦĪ⣬Сӹţ겻ѾƳǻʿˣٶȲԼ
ɡ
׷ԼͽЦԸʰһЩݣǽ̫һĵӡ
ȫǣĪһŰֵܣԼʿһ˿ϲ
һʿ΢ЦȻѵСֵܲӭô
ءĪϲЩ˼̫һڽ𽣶ˡ
Ī˳ȥʰ䣬ЦЦӰһɵһɽϡ
ǰľ֮أλʥʦֻ㲻Ӧɡ
ʦ֡һéǰ
é뵱ƽסĺƣΪ˻ˣҲ½һ
ǺǣСʦܻˣɡëڣ
ŶеغȲ裬кһ衣
ʦԽ徲ΪˣþҪͻ˰ɣӰϣ׸оΪĽ徻״̬
Ȼ徲ΪƽҲűʵĲͬϾ壬ֻǰһ˿ܺõסˡ


259 ݷù
裬̡
һڲ裬΢Цγ֮Уͻƣܲ
΢Цͻƣһǿ̫ˣҲࡣ
ȻȤ꣬Ѿ԰ˡ
ЦЦѳ緢һЩ˵ʱйѩһ¼
ǽжȻ̫ɽķΧײұ֤Ƿоǿڿӡ
ǽ棬𽣶һһס
Ѿδ㣿Ϊһ裬Цʵ
չʮĶԼʿԣֻһ˲ѡ
΢΢һüͷһսаգ
Ƴزݵ鶼쵽ˣһսкξ壿Цž
ЦСʦҷǳ͵ģľͺãʮȥһս
ЦЦʦֵ˴һʱ׸ǰ𽣷档
ӳȥݷƽδʧ񣬶̫һôˣҲȥ
𽣷棬һĴϣһ˿ɽ±ڣƣɾ
Ҳ֪Ѿͷڸʲô𽣷棬вɸֳݵЦϲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ʦ壬롣
׸ߵſڣ͵һλͽܱԳӭӣŹͿЦݡ
ףҲǵķˣսĿãһ콾Ž츳ʱգܳΪľǿ֮һ
ڽ𽣶˭С
˵ӣǸ֮ҲҪͿٶ֮ЩҪˡ
ƽʦ֡
΢΢һЦֵ̧ʦ
δλԽĪˣƺ֪κϢһ˿ϣɴ⡣
ʦֵΪԽľտˣϵָտɴˡһԣЦ˵
ʧЦҡͷ̸ףҶ˽⣬ûľޣǵżҲ
ЦЦû˵
γʦܾӹΰҺͼλҲѾЩʱȥһЩ衢Ϊ
һЦȤȻҲ֪ʦܲںѰ裬ʲôò
ƽʦֹˡ
״ЦȻ˵εϾһձǧʿⲻС£뱨֪
Ѿ֪и𻧼ĳȥʵֻһ̣ʦҲ⡣
æˡ
ĴһתЦʣףôѾͷò˰ɣ

ͳЦҡͷСѾͷǶҲö㷢ƢģڱչأҪЩܳء
óһЩ裬ٽһģ˸Ű쵹âЦͷʦֻ͸С
ʹһЦѾͷ޸㣬ǲЩˡ
ЦЦ˼ˡ
ȥݷ֮õĸ֮Լλ̫ϳϣٴλص̫ɽʱѾҹ
ʦ𡣡Ī׾סéݣЦ˵Щ˵ס׵ˡ
ţˡ
ĪֱЦʦ˵ﻰ̫ɽǿ׳ҲõĻմˡ
أ
ʦ겻¶ˣݰʦ˵ڱչأȸʦñʦˣѾ£ʱʱ̫ɽ档
ײ¶ζɫȤӴСǲϲȸ
ʦã˶Ѿˣھͳס
ţá׵ͷһЦó͹ҩ͸ԼͽɲҪ˼ҡ
ȻһᰮȸһһġĪæ͹ҩЦһλѰʦ治ȱ衣
ƶˡ
Цһ䣺ҼչأٴγأȰ⼸λ裬ʱá
ĪһȻʵѵʦĸˣʦٶȹġ
һۣĪӺһЦٶ˵ʲô
ڳʱ񵽵Ӥҽ֮ӡˣŵӾסСһˣҼλҸɾ衣
ţʦİɡ
ţԺ̫ɽĹԽٴ󣬰ٴأܴ̫ɽһУ㲻¹ףΪӦġ
Īͷǡ
ĩˣĪ˵ʦ𣬹ȸһؼһˣȥݼҵĽ㡣
ţԣ·ҪСġ
š


260 ֮
𽣶죬塣
һƵľ޴ɽɽأȺɽبԴͰΣƣһѵõʥء
ɽһ޴Ĺڣƻɫ˫Ŀ˸һɱļλͽսսСվһԡ
ʦ׸ոհݷ˼λͼλ̫ϳϣڷ̫ɽƻһλͽ˵
š
ƻһ۾ߵҵССӣû뵽ȥѾɳز
ʦڽɵģ֮ǰЩᣬ
ƻбۿԼӣЦʲô˼ѵϷȥǸô
ͽֻǾײ̫һձǧλʿǡ
ƻһӣһȷԼλͽܣ¶֮ɫԼ磬ƣҪĵӺã

ʦ𡣡һλʵ߳
Ϊ塣ƻһϢһţǿµѹɫ䡣
˭ұ壬Ǵۡ
ƻҧһʥ嶼Ϣ֣ǿµʥǵأ纣
ʲôҸڱչأȫһΪʥ˵̫һǽ𽣷棬Ҳ塣
ʦ޵У
һȺ˹ȥϻ̳Ͽ֡
ͬڵϣʹͷɫֻȴһ˿ڽͲм
ƻλӣѾ˷ģ

ǿƻع𽣶ļ֮󣬹ڳ¼ɡ
˿丸塢Ծ׼ʥ𻢽桢ڽһǧӣЩպյսöӡӣŵӶˡ
ǵӱŽ壬״֮Ȼ̫⣬ʵ֤Ž岻ǹŽһս壬һ׮׮ս֤Ƶ𺳡
˶ˣֻҪܰȻ꣬ǽɳΪһ޵еǿߣ
һʱ䣬ŵӶ̫һӶĻͥ
ٴ֮ȫȨ̫ɽΪ̫һĴܼҡ
ʿֳȣձĶǧʿҲŷֽ̫һķͻơ
֮ǰٴҲʹףŵ̫һô죿
ȷĸ߰ٴҸɾŵӿһҪϸҡ
ٴ裬̫ɽľµʱ䣬еƶȺͽʹʩȫƣͬʱҲµӡ
Щʮʿ̵Ϊӡ
ģ̫һٴαǣΪ˳˽𽣷֮ǿһ
𽣷Ȼ٣һҲûжٵӣƽһƿǿһ֧սӡ
˰ˣ
𽣷ļλ̫ϳѵһ֧սӣûб
֧սӼأƽڽ𽣷ɽһĶӶ˽֪ÿһ˶Ǹ֣ȫɱս
һЩĶӸ֪Ĵͳ͵ʦܣԪʿҲһһǿߡ
н˰ٽػ𽣷棬ƽһǿģҲϸƸʵƽ̡
ԭձĶǧʿһ޴Щ̫ϳ̫һ̫¿Ʋס
Դֻһ仰ʦΪڶʯʢӮһʥжģס
һЩ̫ϳĬȻȫûƢ
Žս޽ӽѰʦѰżˣкܶɡ
̫һǷƽһ͸Цʲô֮ŮҪ޸ˡ
Ȼƽ̿ڣЩҪΪ׵ĳϣҲ˵ʲôˡ

𽣶춼ڷ׷׵ʱѾ֮صıչˣֻССıչأء
ѩĺӳأѾͷҲˣôòҲͦġ
գۣǰ֮
ۡ
һ̫ɽ׺é߳СѾͷݹˣ鶯ﱧһཱུӤ
һǿѩĺڳˣκεӤرϢһӤûʲôͬ
СһǳϲڻͲˣֱЦ̫ɰҺϲŶ
ˣȥι̡ΣСѾͷнӹӤݸһλ衣
ЦţӤһλʿصͷĵظȥ
ѩǰĶӣײѾзԸٴ󣬱ҹǿ߱


261 Ī
һƬ͵ĲݵأֻɺԶей䣬żᴫ
׺ڲݵ졣
ִ磬ǸӤ治˽ôҿüͦġһס
ЩһЦĪҪ˵һλǰĶӣλǰڳսǰչĺӡ
ǶЦЦһһЦ䶼ϢС
СѾͷѾˣҲԽˣ׶ȻĶÿÿѡ
ִ簡Ǻʱ飿ҲҪԼĺӡȻתͷʵ
΢̺ʧ䣬§סʵأҪ飬Ǿͽ顣
̫
ϣ׻ҡͷСǶ̫ûа취ԼĺӣҲô˽
˽⻰ʲô˼Żű߻ף׸оܰ
ʲôʲôսң治ôһһԼϲŮһ
أôİ㣬Ϻ㣬ǲʧ
˵ȴ׺ëֱëȻ
СѾͷ⻰ʲô˼̽ĻױǼⶼ飬Ӧ
ִ磬ģܿһҲǿˣ㲻ܹ
׻˵
׿ЦһĬ
ȷҲҲܿԼİ⣬ΪԼֵŸʩѹ뺫顣
ԵŮˣôù
㲻𣿡̾ͬʱҲίسˣȷ޷
ɵЦһҡͷЦΪ㣬Բô
СѾͷһתȻɭޱȣҺ⣬ٸҹģҾ㡣
ף
Ů˹Ȼǲǵġ

ˢ
ԶһâٴɫصضӣЩ
ôˣ׳üʵ
֮ǰС뿪ʱطΪһյƣҸղŷıƷǳ΢ƺʱҪϨˡ
ʲô
״󾪣һɫâԶĹ
ɫҲĪкøУƽСһһʦﺰĻŭţΣգôܲ
ڣһյƽҪϨˣΨһ˿ȼգǳ΢
ִ磬ǲСˣ
ţӦǱ˴ˣҪȥļһˡɫͷ
ٴ΢΢۾һƬɱ⣬ߵӣھȥȥС
̫ɽǿ׳ʱܳʮʿٴĿɱǡ
ѾȫͶ뵽̫ɽˣΪ̫ɽĴܼңڼ˱ˣܼȻŭ
ȲʦڣԼȥװֵ
Щģִ磬һǱиô죿аʦһȥ
İ⻹ҵʥսūʹԪʿҲ¡
ЦЦȴЦɭȻҵҪ˭Ҵҵĵӡ
ִҪСģбȡһŭغߵҸ׳ɽ
ЦЦһ´ָ滹в͹ҩзſġ
սūҪǿߣ˾Ͷսū
һСȸ׳һЦ漴򿪴̨ﳤȥ
ٴ󡣡
ߺ䣬еı׼ţдս̫ɽȫ
ǡ
ٴӦһȥ׼ˡ
ִ磬Ҫȫѽһͬʱ¾ģһҪúպҲһȥս
Ƭ̺׳ƫԶСǡ
СɣҶƻ𣬻ôֻǿлһɹѪζսϢδɢ
ģܸоԭĴԼ̾һȺߣвмǿϢ
ߣ
ҲûԼϢɫѪֱʣһƵĽɫѪҡǧɡ
ͷԼϢڶ죬սڳ绹Ҫһ
һԼſڡ
˭ҴҵĵӣҵĵӶںδ
䣡
һսƵУնʼ΢΢Ťƺ޷ǿ
䡭
飡
ǿϢԼʮӰգڰУȫʿмλڡ
ףҲˣҵܾˡһӰɳȻǵ״ܵԿˡ


262 ǲ
Ҷ𣬲塣
Կˣһ˫һµϢƣ̶ѣȻ졣
ԿʿʮȫΪҲǿ
ԿһϮ£ǰһøţĮؿףЦԭʮ֮նɱ㣬û뵽ѣˡ
絶ͽģ
Լҵò˵ƴҲҪһŮ뿪ԿЦš
߻мλʦ֣ΪȻ״񣬵ţֻǿѡ
ŽȻʿһս
Ŀս֮⣬ʵţΪбè塣
Կϻһʥɱףһ
ǻʼҪˣҵͽҲץһЦ˫Ŀɱ
ʲôŮڵҲϾɱκ
ʼôΧɱǻʼŸ߲˼
ʼŵļλ֣ߵúܽԭĸɡ
Բѣʦܣ㾡֣ܳвУǻΧɱ塣һλʿȣ֮ɫ
Կ˲̵һЦá
䣡
һǿϢԿһХһӰһֻ޴ָɽƵѹ
ǻʼŵָҲƾϳԷԻʼţһĶɡ
ָɽѳҫ۵ĹâǿɢȥʱѳһĹ֡
Կ˴ŵЦݣ츳ǿʦصش͸ʮΪһٴﵽ졣
Լһоܻ˵еĽ塣
ž
̧־һƣһɳȥϯգ˺ָһԿǰһȵϡ
ʲô
ʲô
ԿһȺʿȫ¶֮ɫʿȻһжֵס׵ȷɡ
ۣ
Կ֮ɫȫѪһеˣֻһӶѣȫͷҪˣѣѪ⡣
ӰΣɫĮظȥղսûУʿѾ᲻κεսȤ
ЩʿһϣҲֵס󽣾
Щʼŵĵӣδ̫С
䣡
Կ˵ɳȥȫѣæһ裬ȻٿȻһʥ
ǹԷһװɫĿף˸Žһϣϳһ׷ǿļС
壬Ҫ
Կ˴ϰʥУıɱŰٴɱ
ʼŸɱʩչÿ죬Ƶģһ
˷
ɫƽɽӲһָȻظԿϡ
ǡ
õİʥȻҲס׵ĹгһƣȫȻļ
⡭ôܣ
Կ¶Ⱦ֮ɫ翴ƵĿףôҲûϵѾǿᵽزһȥʥС
֮ܣڳɱİʥмλˣοʥʥЦһһѹȥԿͬǼдñѣѪա
ˣ
תͷһȺŵĿɿڴʿɫĮޱ顣
ʿסˣŵøεѣȫ
󣬽Ȼ̫ˣұȴ˵иӿ£սԱȼʥ
ԡԿ˵ѪһսǿƥϢɢŤضҪ
ǽɫѪǳĿֲУǰȺϡ
ֵ֣ǰЩᣬԿ˹ƻҪΪУʦǻʼƽ̣ҲǱȵġ
׵սЩʿףʹҲĶֻ֣ȫһЩ˶ɡ
䣡
ʿһ˵ţһˣ۽ֳһ˿ţһָȻӿ

ͻȻҵĲЩ˷ϻֱӼһ޴Ľ֡
ֺХն£ձնһѷ죬ʮϤɡ
飡飡飡
һ߾屬ѣһѪնƬ
䣬ֻһʿţѾŵޱȾ֣ߡ
ĺѾλʼǼˣʮʿ
֣ҡǱƵġŵʿɫ԰ףͨһУסĿͷ
·ͽʲôʧѪϴǻʼšɫĮȻ˵


263 Ǭ
ԼѾûκ˾סԿҲ֪׻ͽüȥطȱһܡ
Ͼʿ֮սвעԼҾͻһ
ʼʿսսǰ棬麹кݺԿʮ˱
ķȻΪʼôһɱǣ˵ͽѪһʵ֤ȷʮˣ۾գһ¾͸ɱˡ
вʿս̫˾ˣ췽ҹ̷Ƶ˲š
֣֡εˡƬ̺ԼҵĵΡ
üͷ΢Ϊθ֪СϢɱ
ûСûУֻǴ֫ɱܵ¶һ˿ɱŵòڵϡ
ʦ塭
ݡ
ԶһߵһŮӴԶ滨꣬ۡ
ȸ׵ͷȸˣĪƴı˲أֻ˵˼
Ӹһöҩ¶һ˿΢ЦģȥС
š
ȸ֮ɫǳļ͵ǣĪվ飬Ϊ˾ԼѪգһĶҪˡ
ʦ壬С°ɣ˳ȥȸ̴飬ŵʵ
С£ʼʮ塣ޱǰ棬ȴЩ
ΪѾΣȻ޷֪ĪϢʹС⣬ҲӦúϢ
˵Σʿסˡ
ηĴŴţһˣֻһŰɫֽһСǽϡ
㡭ǰСץȥˣȸʧɫˮӿ˵ͻʿ
֣֮ǰͽ⣬Ҳ֪ô£ɫ֣ҪˣĪ֮ǰô̶ɲǼͲˡ
һΪԼ˵ѣʮҲԷɱİ
ҹǬǣƤӵҵͽܺá෴ɫ򶨣Ѿɫֽϵּ
֣ͽҸͣȤǬһҹ̶̵֡һֶѣȴ͸һ󼰵İϣֽ͸Ȼ
ҹӣץĪʿҲֽϵ֣һ
ݣ
һն£ҽжûü㱻ֱն룬ѪȾ˵档
ȸ޺޵ؿʬ壬ϲ޾֣Ǵſ⡣
ֶȻæʵʦ壬ץСʲô
Ŀһֽ㻯촷ۣĮ˵ȥǬǶѡ
ʦ壬ǡô죿ȸˣޱȵĵģҲߣ֪飬Ҳ֪Ŀֲ񳯴оԶ𽣶춼Ƕ֡
ģȻɣһᰲȫСЦЦ
ȥʦȸæ
Цҡͷͷʦ֣ԻᴦȸȻɵϢ
ðɡ
ȸûҪ״Լȥ֪ԼΪ̫ﲻæһҪ׷չԼ
죬һСɣ㰲̫ɽȼ죬ͷʦֳɽˡ
ţðɡȸͷĬĬϣĪܰȫػȥǻҪأûкأǸͷôȥ
״򿪴̨ú꣬ȸɡ
뵵Ĺâһȸ뿪֮׵ɫȻޱȺ䣬һ˫ӷ絶
ǬǣҹҪն㣡
ղֽ˵Ǭǵ꣬ǫ́ú꣬ҲʧСǡ
ʧ˲䣬һֻһơ
һɾ޴ӵɢһȦȦ˺Ȼ죬˲Ϣ䣬Ըһ
ǾҵСǣҲСеİա
ԼĪµĹ˭ҸģǴۣСǣҳĬˡ
ԼҶˣĻġ

񳯣ޱ޼ʣޱȣڻĹҵȻƵ̾һǣ档
ǬǣĴǣȲ񳯵ʮϳǳأҲǾ޴ݺ˿ǧ
һâ׳Ǭ⡣
֯˳ӿ񳯼ȻͳʮϰڰգôȻģǬҲ쳣ķڳſڣȺͲϡ
ٵɿӳſһֱӳȥ֪ԶǬǵʵݻ
޴ĳûУƾսǬǡ
߽Ǭǡ
һ̣һĽֵʿձ飬洦ɼڡʿһɨȥʿӰ
ͷһ£Żӵĸۡģסһλߣʵ


264 񳯿
Ǭ̻ԻͣȥһݻĹɵľ¥ݻ
סߺ׷ͯգ˫һλʿȻΪߣ壬ٻһٶûʲô⡣
СӣİɣǲҲ˵ڻȺۣҲȥʶһ
Ⱥۣ΢΢һ
ףⶼ֪ô±չʮ࣬ѾˣΪԼһλɷ򡣡
⡭ɷ򣡡
׶ʱˣȻʵҹŮģ
ǿɵƵĿףŰ۵Ȼһλ񳯶ˣ֪ٿ׷
Ϊʲôе¶йأ
Ǿù׼˽ЦŽ͵ˣŵ¸ۡڶϷ˳ߣʱܵˡ
лɡ׹ֳлǬǶϷȥ
ҹȻһŮˣ벻һŮڣҲѵˡ
΢΢ЩƣҹûйڣιץסĪԼǰ
ѵǿˣ
ԼڳɱҹԪףԼˣ
ײ޶뵽ӿ˽ŲһƵģȺдС
Ƭ̺ҹסй
йư磬ռؼ㣬Զȥһ˷де֣ҲеķݣؾŨѵõ֮ء
װԵͷ˵Ӧһ󣬷ȻؾôŨ
һ󣬽ܰľ۶ΪйṩԴԴϵľ
ۡΧɴһɫеʿפأϸÿһ˵ȻŷС
վס뺯
׸׼߽ȥ㱻һȺսʿסˣЩޱ飬ֳֳܱ뺷
ʲô뺯ҹҲ£̫֡״һӣӲ
󵨣

һȺʿŭȻ˸ֱŵ䣬ǰĮӣʱȺսʿŭˡ
ҹЩսʿŮһ㣬׼κðʹϵðҲС
䣡
һµɱһȺսʿ֡
ס֣
ۡ棬߳һӰٶ죬գۼǰ
ǺǣµֶʱˣֲҪ⡣һˣЦݣȻҲΪ˫Ŀǧǻۡ
ײô飬˵ҹҲִ󡣡
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦ˵ֵİͽˣְ취ǬǣԼҲǳⲻȥڸڱ±ƣǰȥһ𡣡
·ɡ
򲻵ѣҲҹΪУǬԸƣ϶ǿ˵ѾɱѾĵӣǬףҲŹ
ܴһ̨ͤ¥ɽˮ֮䣬ϡһˣŲףʾ˵ƷζǷ
һֻһ޴ˮ¥ǰ¥ܴе֮ƣ˼ɾʤա
¥ڣвῡ̸̸ۣ۽ĵĲֺʱĸ߽ȥ
֣һҪȥſӭˣʧˡ˺ܿһЦ
ҹʱ
Ƭ̺ͻˡ¶һǸЦݣȥ
ͣǰκϽȥЩȻҲῡ壬Ļ䣬δˡ
ڳ粻Щˡ
Щ󽫾󳼵ĺӣţΪȻûоѪս
λΪβȥ¥һҵӶѾˡһλˡ
һʮˣʵʮ꣬ʵ䵽һٶ꣬ʿȻᡣ
͵Цݣ̲ǿϢһݷһɺرʡ
ǺǣҲ̫ϲ֡ЦЦ
һȥɣϾʵôƺϾͣ΢Ц˵
΢΢һ˽ⲻ֪࣬һЩ顣
񳯼ϵգǴңഫϼ׷ʼʵս£ÿÿ࣬Ժһʱ
ԭ֣СһаסЦ
֡Ͼüͷ΢΢һȻû˵֣ȻƢܺã޿֮⡣
һɽ֮ˡװԵͷϾͣûΪԼΪ
һɣȥ
˼֣ĳЦЦˮϸ¥
ϾĵСĺ䶯һԵῡ嶼վ¶Цݡ


265 һȺ
֡
ǺǣҲˣ
ֱ˿ɰã
¶άЦݣϾк򶼱ˣΪĸࡣ
Ȼﻹвٴҵĵӣм΢΢ͷѣм¶Ц͵⣬ȻϾð
Ǵӻʶô
ţӵŵµ뺯ͣûгٵϾԵúͣ˹ϵܺá
΢΢һЦһ裬ܻ£ĵῡ壬Ϊ죬һȻʲôҲ֡
Ͼ֮⣬ּλ㲻ǿߣ˫ҶȻᲢۣҲʤһ콾
֪ŵǶΪ£˵Ǿŵˣ֪Ǽ٣ʵ
Ϊ棬Ҳԡ
֣ϼҽã֪ŵҪǷΪ棿ѵ֮ѡһλô
˶ʱ¶עĿ⡣
׵һЦЩ˵ı鲻ѿҹһλŮҲôˡ
Ǻǣʼ֮ҼӴ⣿ǵȾŵ³֮˵ɡϾˮ©ûԽ
ôӳ֮ЩǶչˣȫ伣ˡ
ţ˵ˣ𻢺׷չˣȫԪ̫ˡ
ֻǽ𽣶ĽʮҪ𻢶ԾѰ·
һλͷɣλߵЦǻΪսǿͽѣʲô֣ܱеһˡ
ȥȻܲʢ˧Ϊͨ쳹أѾΪʱձЦһЦƨ
Ͼ΢Цÿɷ
׻ȻԭԪ˧Ķӣֲ
ǻɻ˧ĶӡϾС׽͵
䣡
ʱһ͵ϢԶһ佡׳ӰһĮĿ⣬䡣
¶һ˿΢Цһ˵Щ˼죬ɷһλĸ֡
Ͼɱҵıܣ֪ҽȻҳ֣׳Ĵ߽¶ȼ罵ͣһϢɫ䡣
սۣĳˣˣ֮ǰϾڻʶɱıܡ
ɣϾսսˣΪˣﵽ졣
Ͼⲻһٶˡ˰̾
սɱϾңϾϾĸ׻񳯵һ࣬λȨأִڸ
ռҲԸ׵ϼҡ
Сһһ㲻ʣս۶һϾϼȻãҲ˵ʲô
ڻʶ²УʶץҾܽһϾɫ糣˵
սЦȻ֪ҵıܣ㻹ɱ֣ӽжһ첲
̫ӦˣôҲҪһɻ˵ֻζ
׵ȻһԣĬ
ϾȻɫɵȻƽʵҳ֣
ƾ¶ѣɱұһ죬Ӧ뵽һ֣жһ첲Ǹӡ
Ͼ΢Цһдż͵ϢɢؿսۣҪսҷ㡣
Ϊ㣬Ͼֲ̫óսװҡͷЦվһֻϾϡ
֣صġϾ΢΢һЦʾײļ
Ǹ˭־ƾҲôһߺúÿϷɻᣬõغȵ
ˢ
ӴԭʧƵɻԣһȥָ޾ʣֻƺ˽ɫ
ž
Ŀɿڴ۹УɻȥһɣȫͷӶɢˣȫԡѪѡ
⡭⵽˭˶סˣϾŵؿһףĿ
ȫȻһ˫˫Ŀⶢסס
⵽ǺˣȻǿһƾʹûɻ˽Щ˶췽ҹ̷һ㣬ƻá
Ͼ¶һĨɫЦЦ֮ǰ;ð׺ܲԭԼûпۡ
սɫ䣬ֳΪߵˣܸ֪һƵĿֲɽһأԼϡ
ǺˣѵռҺϼҵķôսûĶԾףҰ˳
ֻҪˣ˭û˵ң񳯵Ȩ죬Ӵ
ֻϾֵѣԼܵ˺뿪Ҳ֣ٲߣҴ㡣ЦЦƽ˵ĻȴˣһȺɫֱ䡣


266 ɱ
ƬˮŸûһȺȫ֣̿ޱȾؿס
⵽һ·ɱôûɻһȷɣʵȴֻڶ죿
ѵ
Ȼһܿµ뷨Уһ˸ûסһǽף
䣡
ĸַ·о޴ħսһʮվȽŲҲ¶һ˿־塣
ɱˣƾŻԷ޲ɼ
Ҫ֪׿ɱڽ̼λʥӣǵʵĶӣ˫Ҷ֡뿪ҵ˻ᵣô
˵Ӱ
ʼԴƾһ׮׮ҫ۵սԼֶΣ˺պ˸ڱǷǣҪһ˶
ǵһȫѵĻɻҲ¶ޱȾ֮ɫɫ󺧣ǰŰ衣
֣㣿ϾɵؿԾЩ١
ּЦˣףǰס΢΢һЦԼݡ
ŵŵš
սٴκˣɫ࣬վû֣ɫվһԲ˵
˿׵񶼱ˣо֡Ҳйά
ϾЦһԭ֣ˡ
ֱô˵Ц
Щɫ粻һ˿
׿֮һȻʢ򻹲У̫Զ
ߣ㲻Ҫ̫⣬ʰϾˣɱ˴ҹԪףʦֲŹġս۲ҿվԶȵ
ϾɫҲ΢΢һݣҹԪȻֻǻҹĿܻӣʦֺǧСġ
䣡
Ͼδ䣬һͻȻգһĮ𣺡Ҳˣܺá
ղҹԪ׵Ĵʦ֣ʦлҵһλǿߣѾǰ벽ԪΪˡϾɫ䣬
̹ǵĺأʥ¶һǿӰԶһضڲ
ղˣɡս۴Цٴ¶֮ɫ
ϻ̫ˡ׺ƹȥġ
㡭
ս۾ŭ׵Ķ֣׵ɽһӴɳȥʮԶϹۣ绪ɻһȫѪ
˵紫һᣬֺ޹˼ɣͲĶԷ
Ҫ֪ۻɻսۣСǿ򣬲һĴ
ϾǿЦһ£ΪеŽ塣
ڽԼЩǶ񳯵ѣء
ŵŵŵţ
һߴ˶Ӱߵò죬Ųȣ޹Ƶôļ䡣
һɫˣºڷ䲻ȴޱȵţɢϢ纣
ղ
һЩ˹Ȼ˵һߡ
ղĴԣȴһŭɱλĶӣͬ˰Ҳɱĸɸɾ
Ȼºǿ߳ѹ´£ղҲͲ̣ļ¡
жԸһɱ񣬿Ժ޹ǵɱˡ
һȺ˺ˣΨϾʼվԣº͵Цݣղ
֣Ͼ΢΢һЦֵղй֮Ե˴˻ʶ
ղͷȥ˵㡣
Ͼɫһ䣬ǿЦҪΪУǶ֪ҹԪױǲѧ֮αΪ˺
ղ۾ЦҹԪʲôұûΪֻǶԽܸȤѡ
֣޷ֹϾ˵΢һЩԼɫ糣Цݡ
Ͼһ˿ɫϾղǰ벽ԪʿȻǿ봫һܿһ׼ʥ
˵ʵû׳ֵˣ̫ţΪ̫λã̫˼ˡ
ְɡղ൱ţŨܵĺڷ裬һµϢת
׵һЦҲ
ڵˣ顣
ˢ
׵ȷɵգΪ˵ĶԾƻ˵صķ羰
䣡
ղӰΣ׷ϣȻδͣ£һµ뵵ĹâƺѾ죬ס
¡¡
ɫƽ֮ԾΪղΪǿսȣʥת
սپ붯ùսףκԽսԽ£սܵ
ˣ
ղɽеڹתһƴ׵ţܵĿٵŷ޴ı֮
ǧ޹һ㣡
ܣ˵о޴ķˣƾɢϢܻҹ
䣡
ɫĮȻӳ֮ԾһѸٽ֯ѸٵͬʱһԷϡ
ǿΪֹɣղüЦʱ䡣


267 һ
𣡡
Ȼղ޴ȫ·ѣȻԼһ೤ӥĳһ㡣
ͬʱһ˫ֻצͷüӥͼ֣ԳһĪغͿ¡
䡢šײеϢ籡޴ն
ʥתɫ䡣
ɣϾͬо޴ѹһ޳ƵģŻһеײ档
֮ĵܸܵѹ֪ղԾףҪʲôѹ

мʶĹӵ
Ҵõһǿû뵽ղѾѧˡ
ղպȻܷɻڴܳΪһĳԱҲ˵ҡͷ
ϾһȻһ⼸嵽ˣϲ¶һ˿ɫС
ܲǵһʹáУҲֵˡ
ղЦ¶ŵЦݡ
һﲻһɫֺХȥնննˡ
սʱ˵ʲôϻղս黹̫˰
ղʱ¶ŭ֮ɫһЦϸֳпЦݣͻȻһ
䣡
ʱղ˫ȻɢɲǼмʮ׳ڵ֮ţһǿҵϢͿֲ
ʬҰ
У䡢ŰһʱϵѾﵽ۷塣
ಣ
ǧëһ䣬飬ȳһ㣬ļµϢ
Щë̺ղľѪ˵ɱǿҵƿʹÿѣȴûдռ䡣
ëЦţһɽЩë򵽣Ҳ̼仯촷ۡ

ĵ޴Ľг޴ĽһҡϣĽ
䣡
󽣾ȫԺһ
ǿɱײһ𣬷ıըһȦȦɢȥǧɸߵˡ
ռȵŤߵձ÷飬ؼʱ̷˹ؼãûɢ̫Զס
ˣԲҲɲǼ仯Ϊ촷ۣɱжԾʱϾ˶ɫ԰׵Զˡ
ǿɲ뱻Ļ¥ڣ˿ѷˡ
̳ɢȥղɫ䣬һвûɱԷս߰ɫѪûˡ
ôܣδʩչʱͿɱеڰӣսɣȻȻ
ֻô
෴״˿̺˷ܣչذ겻ˣղսǿԣԼȫſһս
䣡
ɱȥսƣɫѪɢҫ۵Ĺԡ
һȭȥսƶݺݴղϣӶɳȥ

δղʵҲ൱ǿָԭë
һȣë֣ɳȥ˺գɱ˵ס
޾ëУ̺ޱߵϢ纣ˣޱȵǿ
֮
ԶϾ΢΢һüͷղֶˣϣܹס
ɽ֮
÷ϻֱʹǿĹֶΣһ޴ĽгƵģϸȥܿһɽ
ɽ֮
޴ɽ
޴Ľŭնǿİеë飬Ȼ羪Ƶֻȡղȫ
ղУȫѪȼޱߺûһֻ԰׵ľɽ֮
һƣʥŭ𣡡ϾҲ֪ղʵʩչһƣ
䣡
һ죬߰ɵ飬ǿ֮Ҫɢȥ
ˡ
ȫסɢ񱩵
ۣ
˾ͿղɫҰףߵķƵȥȫѪܴء
Ȼڰҡһ壬Ȼûղأ
ˡ
Ҫ֪ղǰ벽ԪȻ׵Ķ֣ʩչһҲС
ѵôֲɳʱ䣬˭ܵУ
ʵϣЩˣղȻܲҶ֡뿪ʰ
УղҲһ콾ʲô
Ҳľ콾ֻǻ¶ˡ
䣡
ǰһߣն̤ˣ׷ȥҪһٱеղ
飬һӣ
ͻȻ䣬һöȴһ˿š


268 ˻
һӰٸۻӣɫ㣬üһ˿źͽš
飬СһӡҹΪ˲ŭףδøڸֳ֡
ಣ
׷·ûŲӡ˲Ϣ׷ղŲָ罣һϬ羪Ƶڿһ
һŴͷ­𣬵׾ʹ˳ˣûгĥղԪ
ղ˿ŵҶ˵Ԫ˲ܵӰ٣֪ȥδ
ͷʬͷ­ڵϣʬ﷢ٿʱ˾η
ʱҹҲѾˡ
ɫ糣Ӱзҹһԡ
Զ񳯵һȺῡ嶼˵Ψǵɱǡ
׵ĺ飬ӡÿһУΨϾ¶Цݣһ
ʿѪģײУϾղһ
ԵʴȾǶԼ̣ϾСʫ飬Ƕġ

ҹһϮĶˣμ¶һĨľǧ֮Į
񳯵ľŵ£׼ȷ˵ӦǾŹҹ
֣ôɱҹüѸһ˿ãܺõ̾Ϣһ
һ֮ŮĹˣΪҲ졣
ҹòȴʲôоûУһ˿衣
Ů˸˵ĸоΣգӵһ㣬ԲעͻԽ
ղս̫ˣûµĺ΢΢һЦҲá
ȻûǾˣּ࣬µġҹܻԼֻЦЦ
Цղһλʥ߾ղԪͬʱֳַһ˿ϢԼ
ѵЩҹ֪ôⶼǾŹźõġ
ŵ£ͽأײŮ˹üͷһҲò
Ͼһݣ׶ҹܲҪλոսύһŭɱ˾ŵ£ôִˡ
ҹͬҹԪףҲͬղλŵһλĸ֡
ϾѾϿףѣȻգ΢Ц˹
ʶһ࣬ԽԽƯˡϾ棬źЦݡ
֡
ҹ̲ͷǴк
ֵͽڵ¸ôϾһСֵģĿ⿴ףʵҹ
ҹ΢΢һЦʤѩüĿ续һ˿Ц⣬˵˵εǷһ顣
΢Цδ˵
ҵ˷ͽʱѾһϢС˾ҽΣֻּҲһʬ塣
ЩͷˣһǵСƣʵڲҹίߡ
ŮĻ̫޷⡣
СлŵˣȻͽ£ɷ񽻸ĳߣ׵ͷ

ҹһЦ֣Զв˶ˣΨ׺Ͼɫ糣˿ûбԻ󵽡
ֻһллôѵûʲôʾ𣿡
üͷһ΢Цŵлֱԡ
ҹһЦ˵ֹȻˬˣҵȷһҪͷ
ţ
ʮҪȥһ˱֪ͬɷ񣿡ҹ΢΢һЦ
׺Ͼͬʱü
ʮҪȥ򣿡ϾȻ
ҹϾʱɫȻֻ΢΢һͷţѵȥô
ĳ˼Ͼæ
ҹؿһۣȻĿһת˲÷֣Цʮ֮ڣСþֻ֣ʮȥһ⡣
ԣҪ֪Ϊ£
Ͼʱ΢üͷɫȻһ䣬뵽ĳԭȫ΢΢һ
ҹɫƽƽ˻顣
˻飿һ
ҲӦ֪СþͲ˵ˣֻϣŵԣʮȥһ˱򡣡ҹĺȻ䵭ת뿪ˡ
ͽѾȥ𽣶죬ֿԻ̫ɽˡҹԽԽ죬ĮȻղŵĽȻͬ

Ͼ̾Щп
һЩῡ嶼ҹҪ˻飿⵽ô£ѵŵѾ˻Լ
ԼǶΪ˺£ôкˣ

Ǭһڡ
׺ϾϾһƣЦŵһ£ῡϲǬǣԭֻǱŵˣһ⣬øˡ
ʵ֣ҹ˵ʮҪȥ˻飬ô£лԼ𣿡
ʵеġ
Ͼͷ̾ԭҲ̫ţֻ˵뱱ҵһλлԼȷλΪﵽ벽ԪǾҪ顣
ԭΪֻҥԣڿģŵµѱ滮ˣֲϲŭ޳ʮˡ


269 𲻸ҹ
ȻҹҲһ˿֮ġ
ɣбˣ˭ϲȶһѾ滮õһ
λɾͰ벽ԪҹңӴԶֻӣΪһλͥ
ҹϲ
Ȼλŵֻ˼䣬ҲܿóŮıµ䱻صüסס
һλҰģбŮˣĵһλͥҹȻġ
ֻǡ
ΪҪͬȥ˻أ
֣ǲǾúܻ·Ҫȥ򣿡Ͼ΢΢һЦΪ׵һơ
Щ˼顣
ŵÿÿԤϣֻͻȻеͷˡϾЦЦŵֵݣֵôˣھŵ¿ӦòںһĻĹҰɡ
űӿЦ̫ˣôûĹҳ飬һ治

ϾЦϻֺµĶôһǾŵѡԭ򡣡
׿ЦƱʮ֮ˣȲȥǺȾơ
ȾơϾЦ
Ǭ֮֮У㯣ߵҲ㯣ʼղ²͸ҹѡԼԭ
ϾҪȥĹңԼŵԣʮһⱱ
ҲǺջǽʶϾ۹Ͼһ˲ţʱձųâ
ϼңӭһʢ
Ͼǫ́ﳤȥʮǷŵػǬǣֻԼ֪ˡ
ϾҲ΢΢һ̾Ϣ뿪Ǭǡ
ҹĹ뷿ڡ
Ѿˣ
ǵĵ£Ѿؽ𽣶졣һλŮ
ţȳȥɡ
ǡŮ¡
ҹھ޴ױǰؿԼľգһЦ壬ϣʧ

ˢ
̫ɽһǣ뵵Ĺâ˸״Ӵ̨߳
Ӵ̨㳯ȥĪƽסڴһ䷿ڣѾӦڵڡ
˰ٴ
ٴĪûУ
ٴЦЦͷѾˣֻڲ̫ɽȥСˡ
һĪѾص̫ɽǾͰȫˣȻҲ̫ˡ
СӡҡͷʧЦʵ˭СģǲǬǵĸ֣
ٴͷ˵ѾȥǬǣȷǬλ벽ԪʿСģǸողߣһһֻûס
ЦЦǷҹһ顣
˵ʲô
ûʲôװڰ֣ЦȥĪСӽѵͰ׳ˣ
š
ٴеСӳжˣһֱִܣ̬ȣǾִˡ
ôϵ־֮أԺһս
Īаٴ֪ǻʼŵʿˣҪǰԻʼſܻй˼ɡ
̫ɽǿ׳аʰһʼŸͲڻ¡

һĪ׾סéݣȻɫЩ԰ף޴󰭡
ʦˣ
Ī˼һЦʦ˵أɸһκҵˡ
׵ͷһЦʵȸôСյģԼǰ
ġ
ᵽԼ˵飬Īһ͵ȸؼҰݼ㣬ԭϢģС֪
ǡ
Īŭ׺ݵɱ⣬һԿ˾ȻˣлʼŵһȺ֡
ԭҪܿģϾȸңҪǷͻⲻףֻԿʵɥĲֶСǵɱ˲޹ˡ
Ȼ뵷ҽķĹ޿̲ųֻ֣ûϵʼʿˣҲǵĶ֣ˡ
û̫һ硣׵ͷЦ
ĪһЦǧҶ£˫˫ʲôֻʦ˻ԣŲȥʱǬҹľҡ
ֻ֪һ⣬Ϊҹ֪£ǰߡ
ΪСʼĹϽΧǬǲ̫ԶҹӦðߡ
ЦСͷģЩû֮ǰǴѧӡ
ĪȻһЦ
磬ɫʼŸΧɱ㣬Ҳҳ֣뱨
š
ĪҲɫһͷʼǹҪ̫һ϶ڱָʹ
ȥٴ󣬵ȥʼҪһɫȻ


270 ʼ
սչƺܺƴװ֮ԽǿƣҪʼţΪ̫һһ
𽣶ûܣ̫һʼѸٴţʱ
ʼȻĸɣַĸɱʼţ
ַӢһģڽ̶ҵʼʲô
ĪʦЩɱⲻֹ̫һҲǽ𽣶죬ҲҪȥʦ塣
вٶӺգ̫ɽҪһ֮
ȥɣʦ岻ǾⳡǷǡ
̫һɽ£ŷϴʤѩסˡ
Щֻ㬵뿪ŷϴڶĿкܸߵȨĻ˸Υ
ǺǣʦԸˣӦò߰ɡŷϴЦɵ̫ɽ
̫ɽһ࣬һƬԲǧɵƽ㳡˿аվȫսڣ
Щˣһʿ󲿷ֶϵʿνһ֧񲿶ӣʵǿ
ŷϴ΢΢һﰵ̾ʦڵƣֻѾѷʦˣ̫ϳ֮⣬ʦԿˡ
ӣͷʩɣʼƨҲ̫ɽھȥƽǡ
ţӷģһ˻ʼţΪСֵܳһڶʿս
䣡
һϢʯǬ˶ս⣬ʱ׼
ˢ
ŷϴˣ΢Цʦ壬ҲԸΪһ
ţҲáûоܾŷϴϵǢûɸ߶Է
ƽʼţ̫һ磡Ī׸ߵħƵģޱȵ׳
һ̨򿪣Ҳȣһӣ
䣡
봫̨ǰʼš
̫һӢ뿪󣬽𽣷ӭ˼λҪ
շͼλ̫ϳǶмλɫãŭͲ
ƽ̣̫ˡڣһλƤ׷ۣ߱ǲ
ݣʲôģΪԼͽвԵôշЦĻ
ߡ
Ϊݵƺһƽ̣̫һؼɣԳɣûаѽ𽣶ϣջ̫һְλ
ϣͷ㻹ǿ̱ΪĹӶץסһѱϸߣ㾿ôģշ缥
ΪɿǣʦֶˡɫȻĿ⿴ƽλϵ͡
Ǻǣʦ岻ضŭ΢΢һЦһƵģɽһصʡ
ȻһЦʦǿƣڳ˴ܰݣ˵ʼ֪Īǽ𽣶ĵӣȴֻɱδǷ
ʦĿһ˵ʦ֮ǰҪʼţΪͽĪһ
ɫһɫúѿƽ̵˼ǣ

ͺЦͷ˼Ƭ̣Ӧ󣬵ֻ׼̫һıɲԮ֡
Ϊ˹ȫ֣ûɱ֧ԮʦѾܹⲻȥôٳͷء
ɫһ˵
շЦϲݵģΪմܳʥôھͿʼȣҲӶˡ
շ磬˵ʲô
ɫ䣬һǵصĿϢƺƵʥ𽣷档
ʦ壬ǽ𽣷棬ء΢΢һüͷЩĮȻһ˿ŭ
ߣ
Ϊ̫ϳϣҲڽ𽣷ƽһôǵģȻΥƽ̵ôҲŹ
ߺշЦһͣ϶ԽԽ֪ôˣˡ
򼴽ңҲֻҪûдߣһֻ۱һֻۡ
ֻշˣҲ¶һ˿ƣ̬㲡
ˣʣһ֮ͻʥˡշ̾Ϣ
ʦǧô˵Ȩıһ൱ϲġѵôЦ
շҲЦһ̾׶ȥʼţҲ֪ΣôʼٲǿҲмʥ򡣡
ʦĸŹȥˡ
СȥǶȻˣͷС˰ʦܣ̫߾ֻС̳ˡ
ѽ
Ц뵽ǸҵӣôҲ̫߾ķ
ģҲûʼ֪ˣΪ񳯵ɽܺǽ𽣶Ҳǳصġ
һЦʦô𱬵Ƣûбġ


271 ɱɽ
һɽϣư磬ǧƣǳغǿ
ʼţڣԳһɣȻĸɣΪ£ǣҲָһأѰպʹٹ˲Ҵ
̨Ĺâһһ׵˴߳ʼɽ¡
˵ɽ£ʼŻ룬Ϊǰߵκˡ
ÿһԹŽˣ֮ǰǿú嫵ķǿĨȥڵص꣬Ȼù󷨼ӳ֣һӾ͹
ʼţһɽƣʮɽһһľ
ؾӿԶȪɽ׳вݳ۳ʣεΪ׳ۡ
һõطֻǲһȺ֪ôĶĪһЦ
ŷϴͷһ׵ڶʯʢӮõʥ͸
ŷϴϲ񣬲˿иÿռֹڿǿʹˡ
һʥתŷϴڴﵽ죬ʵޱȵǿ󣬼ʹʥҲսƽ
ЩǿѾ˽𽣶λʥӣǶˣŷϴҶ֡˫˲еġ
䡭
˽ӽʼ֮ڣɵǿ߲ûо졣
ԶʮӰȫɢǿϢҲмž޴սޣݡ
˵Ҵʼţ
һȣ羪İ޵ʥתһλ벽Ԫǿȡ
һϯһͷˡ
ߣ
ŷϴǰһߣһߣе˻飬˫ĮȻ𽣶ʼһ˵
ʼżʮӰڿУһµϢо˻ɢϢ
ŷϴЦŵһˣѵҲô˵
ʼŵĸȫɫҲ֪Էǽ𽣶죬һЩСûбҪطɵϡ
ʮӦǻʼŸѲɽǿߣ󲿷Ϊһλ벽Ԫʿ
ͬ𽣶Ҳôһ֧飬Ѳӽ𽣶һһˣȫƽһǽĸ֡
˭ΪϮǻʼţʼһλʿɫƣʡ
λ벽ԪʿɫͬѿһµϢһţеʥ
ŷϴ
𽣶ʥӣ
Ⱥɫ΢΢һ䣬ŷϴˣСˣѵ߶ĵ𽣶췢ִ
Ⱥʵ֪ʵ飬Ǹػɽţ罻ѵһʱõ׼ȷ鱨
ԭŷСѡ벽Ԫʿǰ¶һ˿΢ЦʵѵʼСʲô᲻ɣ
ģ
ĪͲס˳СǻʼԿͬһЩˣҴˣӲǻʼŲ֪
ߣ
ٿȻ䣬һ޾ѹ޾ɽ޿ƥеʥ纣Źᴩܡ
һ𣺡ͽԿСǲϷδȥѰǵĻǵˣΪʼǺ۸ô
ƺƵʥʵһ㣬ԷȻ˼û֣ʥһŭЩ˶ܲס
ˡ
ұ񵶺һͬʱɳԻǧɴסˣסǵصʥ
ƽ̣
ʼЩ˶ʱһӰаɴ󣬴޾ɽֻǿһ
Խֲʥбʥ貵⣬סԴԴϵʥ
Ⲣʵ壬ǻʼƽ̵ľӰѣȻһôֲʥĿ¡
䣡
һֱ߳ɫѪɲǼᴩ˴˵أâ貣̷ҡֱϡ
ĵɱģǻʼһʿΧɱҵĵӣе˵ȥɡ
ףӰڿҡڲ·ʱҪһ㣬ʵǿҪʥԿ
ɱͽʼұҪһ˵ʼƽнЦŭ޾ʥַԲ
ˡ
ʥڱ̼ҫ۵Ĺâ̲ŭ𣬵סһλԪʿѹ
ߣѣǣֻһơнЦȻ˼ɽ𽣶ʵʹɱ֡
ǻʼȣͽã˿ѾԿ˵Ķ֣ĳʲôӣȻѾɱԿˣһŭȻʣֻʦڴˡ
ţЦϷǹ˼ɽ𽣶棬ƾЩϰСʿϷһƾǡ
нЦͬʱһɸӿµϢ޾ɽʥҪԳ


272 Ǹ
䣡
ʼԽµʥнӰֻЦһλӰƵɢؼ䡣
ͬʱʥ˳ضʱһ˲ϯʥȫҲУסнѹ

һȣƵģӰ֮Ϯ·ܿٵأһֻѹ
ʼŵĵѾˣЦȻƽѾˣҲҪ䡣
ʥһŭǶϷ
ߣ
Ȼʱһ޾ɢ޿ƥеϢһ˿ǵȻƺδʼŵƽ̷С
ӰС
˫磬һߣƬط·ҪѿˣҺô˵ѾʼŹӳ֣һܱƬա
Ȼɫƽжٴһ˿ŭ⣬нΪһʥߣȻ˲棬ȻֶԸһȺС
䣡
ʥϢ£ֲϢޱڷŨܣĿңԶȵ̫һӲˣΪʩѹͱҶˡ
һʥ
нϢ糱ˮƵĵˣ԰ɵ㣬ͬʱһ޴ķڰա
һλߣͨĵۣɫޱȵ˫Ŀһ˿ɭɱ
Ŀһݣнʼεƽ̡
䣡䣡
н֮⣬ڻʼµϢڣȫűصܣ߷нߡ
ʼֻǶɣԪʿѾѵá
н֮⣬ǻʼŵ̫ϳϣ֪ĿֲҲ˲þףһ
ಣ
޴ķʿǧˣǳ۳ɽսϡ
ʼŵӣȫ
ϣǺôĶ뼯һ֮ԸǣǺúӴĪЦ
ĳ֣ûʼʥ߶ܸܵĿ£Ƕֲ֣ܶԸ
ȻһʥҲǽ𽣶ĵ֮һһּĴڿʼս𽣶֡
һǱ޴ʥ˭ñɱ
̫ˣ
нŭŭضѹɲǼոձû
ôԿ˴ȥΧɱĪѵ㲻֪ôѵݵôƽûһ˿̻֮
нߣУߵĿռ俪Ťܲסѹ
ĽǱͽɱͽܰȻ£ǿǱ۰ͽܡ
ĪҲҵĴӣ֮һԲðԭһ˵ֻܿսˡ
ҲɵУ޾ʥžİ
壡
һԪʿ޼ŷŭ޾ѹҲҵǰ̫Ŀˡ
ߣʦΪ𽣶̫һλҪôûʸǶԻˣ
۾һƲƾһ֮סʥѹ
нںܱɱſڣȴԥǲҪ֣Ҫ֪Էǽ𽣶죬ʵȻʼҪǿ̫ˣҪɽսʼűذɡ
ϣֻ
ڸղţнط񳯵һλʥϣܳ棬һԹ
壬ⳡԹСִ֮뷨Ҫλ⣿ʼһλ̫ϳϳĬã˵
нһ˳ĬˣҲϣģս֪𽣶ǲѾãһֱδء
ܼ򵥣ֻнƽ̹ͽǸȻͨ±㵽Ϊֹˡ
ĲҲʼţֻǽɡ
պĪҪȥģпܻɵʿûʼŵǸĪ֣˼ǷԸ׺̫š
Ȼ֪ر𲻸ҹۣԼǲȥƭסˣһСǿԵġ


нŭһȣǧʼŵҲŭȵǧ޹նڲ
ǺεݣϷһСǸ壬̫ˡнĻ޾ʥʵʣ糱ˮƵӿ
ޱ飬һָӭʥнҪô
̫һҪ̫ˡʼһλ̫ϳϻ˵Ҳһ˿ŭ
һƽһδɵСǸȥʼҲˡ
ҵĵߣǸͿսսΣ׵ʹĮȻ
ߣ
ӶһɾʮضҪϢ޿ƥеʥ֮䣬һЦ壬㻹񳯾ڷϷҪ㣬Ϊҵλͽ𣡡


273 ֱ
䣡
Ϣ̫ˣԶ貵âǵأһĥʥޱȵǿ󣬳˻ʼˡ
ɫ˲ޱһӣһǷɵգǧɴס׵ˡ
Ť룬һӰԶɫ죬ﶼǿϢ
Ԫ죡
ҲüͷڻˣһλԪĳǿߡ
ҡ
ƺǿԼг𣬼ʶ׾֪ҹԪ׺ղʦ
ʦ֣ҹԪ׵ʦˣڳն񳯵λӣǬնʦղ׵
һЦ¡
Ҳ΢΢һЦĿһ˿ԷòҪҲ֣ʹñǹ԰Ϊɱ벽ʥһս
ǹʲô䲻֪Կ϶Ȼʥ߳ԽʥϷ
һģӰԶǿµϢܣᴩơ
֣
нϲæݼͬʼ̫ϳҲԱ֮⡣
һλϵˣս룬ɫۣôڿУĮ񣬸ˡ
ҹԪ׵ʦ񳯵ĻǿߣԪѾơ
Ѿ൱Ŀ£ʲǴ˵Ķ֣ԷΪֱͣǾǿߡ
ʼŲ𽣶˺Ϊ˰ɣѾơ
׵ĿҲܶŭҲѾƳˣҪ֪λӶɱ
ֲصģȻϷˣȻûʼܵʧѾ˫â˺գֱֱס
ǽ壡
һʥߣеĹǷתʥ
ѾƣŻ˭ءߣӿһ޴귨ʱʱ֣޾أˡ
ǰɣƽͷꣿǰƽҲҶϷ񣬸¡
ѾԳݼߣ˫֣ɫĵ죬һƵģ˲м
ǰҪ̫һʼŵķô෴״˿̺ܿվ΢Цʵ
ߣ
Ѿߣը죬ŤһٲȻ޷ѹ
ǽףôĵӣȻҽɱϷλӣĪΪϷ򲻸ɱô
޾壬ĹǵסѾƵϢԼĪ˰Ȼûбʥ
ҹԪҲãղҲãȶҳֻ֣ѣѵǰô۸ô˴һҲô
ѾЦӲҵĵȳΣҶҵĵɱ֣Ϸ㲻á
Ѿƣˡ
һ˿â䣺ѵôԸһս
һͷСҲҴԲѡѾƳХһк˸Ϸն̫һ
ʦ֣㣡
Цö֮óǹ͸˰
ѹɱƥ򣡡
⡭ǣ
ǹ׸óѾƵɫ΢΢һݣŷ·뵽µһ㣬ɫұ䡣
Ҳ΢΢һʥ׵ĸ֪ҪǧٱֱΪһȴʥҪࡣ
ƺǹ̲һҪսϢޱȵǿ䴩档
ǹ
ٿȻ䣬Ѿƿзһüľֺ𺳣µƵġ
ħôֳˣڻĹųڱô㡭ôӵбǹ
ѾƲ֮ǰźɭ䣬ɫ÷ǳѿ¶η֮ɫ
η壡
ԪʿǺѼƫƫձˣõ񳯵Ļϣһʱ¶˾źͿ־塣
⡭Ǵ󹭵ʲô
н˶ˣѾƵʵǶԷʥҲ¶ıŶԣ
ǡŴǳԽʥϷ
뵽ʼŵһȺǿɫúѿôϷӵУ
飬飬˶ΪУԵôʵ
Ϊ
ѾƾȻˣһɫæԶݶȥɲǼʧӰ٣ǿµϢҲ˲ʧ
ġҲУʦϵĴ󹭵ʲôӲһλԪĴܣ
Ī˿ĭˡ
ٴȴף˵׺ͼһôɱʥսū¼
ٴ¶ЦݣѾƶˣʼŻҽô
ֱֳǹڲ֮أʥ٣򽫻޵еĴڡ


274 
ƬսúܰʼеӶĿɿڴһλԪǱӴܣȫĿ⾪Ǽ˼һ㡣
ȷˣ
ʥ٣˭һλԪǿߣǰ벽ԪҲС
ǿߣѾӵ˲֮һɱɱ
Ҳ˵еĴӵһɱѾƵܣ
뵽˴нԼʼλ̫ϳϣɫٿȻһ±ò԰ס
⻹ô򣬶ԷӵϵķʥµǿߣȻʥ治ǰĶ֡
ʥΪֳش󹭣ս࣬ʥһˣɲ⡣
ջعǣȻ˱ǹ˲ɫҫأһѹѹͷų
䣡
ðɴ󣬶׼˻ʼš
µǵأɲǼ˷Բǧ˻ʼŸ
أҲɰɴȻ󻺻ס
ʥǹٵߣ΢΢һȻŴ󹭻ûȫѾߴˡ
ֲ̫ˣ
޾۶γһ޴ľһ͸ļʸγɣգǰȥ
¡¡
ʸƿնȥ˺գأһӾͰǰʮɽˡ
ʥ˶ԽΪǿԽǸдԽƵģ޷ֵ
ʮɽһѣʲô󷨶𲻵ãͬʼŵĻɽ󶼱ˡ
ʼеӵɫһӱòҰף¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
Ǹ
ջط࣬СͷɫĮнȵȷҪսô
ڣʮɽһƬ羰γһƬɵĺڶ
ɽӲ룬󹭵ܵʹʥҲ޼¡
нɫҰףһսֱֳǹһ
ʹҲУֻ輸˻ʼţ̫һĵֲ̫һɶֵܵ
ʱнޱȵĺڣñƻȥǽߵˡ
˭ϵӵһϷһλʥʦ֣һλʥֳִ󹭣ܹᴩŽδʥɵС
סְɣ
нһ̾ɳźһƬǽ壬̾
ʼţ׼ˣ
нǸڻʼеǰһλϰǸν档
Ҳ鳹ִ󣬼ȻнϷ¾͵ΪֹҪƵûʼžһսҲʧ޴
壬ϷѾǸ¾ʹ˽ᣬ㿴Σн˲࣬˻ơ
ʼеӶܷŭһƽ̹Ǹܴ衣
ϣԺǾˮˮ
ƽػشȻ򿪴̨һȺﳤȥ
ߺнɫűʼűչذ꣬еӲó
ǣ
˶еѻ𣬵ʲô취ǧ۵طɡ
ʼſлɽ󣬱չذꡣ

һƬصСڡ
ûпǱǹôһλȫֵ֮ʿڡ
ȫУƺѾչ޾£뵵Ļâǧɳ
ǵ棬ȷǱǹĹųڵѾõˡѾưڵϣ
ﶼˣصȷҪˣýżɣ˻ȥʰϵ΢΢һЦ
ѾƹнˣܷŭΪʼųͷ𽣶졣
֣
ϵŭȣƬСʥѹѾڵϣһҶ
𽣶ôƵôƥûأǶõһɱ
нǱ߸νͣ
ҵһȰɣѣƬؾͳˣʱһ˽𽣶졣
ϵЦŽΣԪƬҲʰ
ǡ
ѾƹĻشȻ˳С硣
ֻʦһ龳ȥĥʦֻڣʲôϵһɾ㤵Ϣ籡ʥϢС硣
ٸϷʱ䣬һٳ龳ֻҪ龳ʿǾܽΪĹң

ʼƽ̹ͽܵǸϢƵĴˡ
ȻʼֻǶɣҲʥȻȻˣ̫˼ˡ
ϢŴȥԭʦֱֳǹ˻ʼǿߣƵֻܵǸ
Ϣһ˼ʵķ񣬽̫ˣڳõϵķ


275 һ
ǹ
ش󹭵ɶѾ֪ȫĬûж⹫
֪ˣʷ񣬶֪ʿҲ֪ϵķ߳Խʥ
һʵǾǽҪˣ̫һʥͬʱϵķһɸǲ
ѣ״һΪ֮һɳٶ֮಻ѡ
򣬲ǼҲã߳Ҳã˭Ұ׵һĬĬŵС
˭ң
¾ǽ𻢡˫˶ޱȵĳޣĵҲĬһС
һƥǣܳԽǵĴУ
壬Ҫ˵ע;ˡ

ˬһƽҵǸָоˬ͸ˡص̫ɽĪЦɹһ㣬ȫë׶ɿˡ
ٴҲЦǶ׷ʵ̫ˣΣգ
Ҫľֺĸо
΢΢һЦȥͬʱĪҲΪˣԺҪúþɡ
ʦģҾᵢ֮ҲΪǿߣһˡ
Ц

̫ɽعƽ׸ϴһ裬ҪȥʱСѾͷԼˡ
ٺ٣ִǺðɶأΪɴ磬Աˡɷ˫ӨȻй⣬ɫ˫¶˷ܵЦݡ
Ȼϲ˻ô
ߣǲߣԴޡЦ׵ı۰̧ʵִ磬ǲҪչ
ףСѾͷôôҪչҲ֪״Ȥ
ǵȻִʮ֮Ҫ𻢾սȻҪչغúС
ϲԾ¶һ˿ǣȻܿȥҲ׿ˡ
ҪΪҵģԺҪȢأôڽϣֻһͶѡЦǿҵš
ʮĿޣˣһսǶԷ׵Ԫһ죬Ҳģ
ִԵġСȭͷ״
΢΢һЦ߰ɣȥ㸸ס

СѾͷһԾʵô֪ϰҪ㣿
ϿġЦЦϹһ£𽣷档
һ·𽣶ĵӣǶӻӣͣ
Ѿͺͼλ̫ϳˣ֮Ѿ
ʦ塣
쵽𽣷ʱˣһ˿ɫĮһһͣ
ߺش׻ѳѾҪ𽣷ˣɲüڶԷ
΢΢һЦԭʦֶͻֶ
۳ɽĿ壬ӣһǻմĵͽһʥӵѡ
һǻƻĶӻˣ丸Ϊƣɫɫơ
׽һֶ֮ɫǱѿ
ҲˣȻΪ㳬Ϊƻ游Ĺϵڽ𽣶ǿƣ󲿷ֶӶһӡ
ףɷǳޣԷЩ죬ºպû˼ʲѡ
壬㺰ʲôһëͷСҲռҵıˡЦȡ
һ˿ǲѧӹţΪôʲô˶ӵġ
ҶԷףǿƵĽ壬㸸׶κβã㻹Ҷ
ʦ壬ʦСأһʶæҾ
Ķ㺦ʲôѵҶֲɣ˴ŭָʹ
ЦЦǿһλ֮ӱ﷢ëƺȫܶ͸ˡ
Ŀһתˣ΢Цֶ̫ˣһʦֽѵ㣬㶮س
㡭ң
ž
Ӱһȥ˾ŭֵܵסһȵϣȷɼʮԶ
ۣ
һѪݱ÷飬ʹ˵ڣֻޱȾؿס
´ٸҶԳ˫ȡЦеʦֶʦܻȥɡ
Ǹֳһ˿޵Цݣһһâָɳ۴еػˣ뿪˵ء
ִ磬̣ӣݵġһЦȴġ
̫ɽǿ׳ƻʹȥʦҲòκκô


276 ŭĻƻ
ЦеСѾͷƺһ㶼ѽ
Ц̫ɽʼŶ۸ƻʦ岻Ķ
龫֣ߣȥ㸸סЦЦ˷𽣷档
ִ磬ҲҪչҲ£չغúǲأ
˽𽣷棬ЦȻʵ
ţȷʵأŴȣΪ̫һҪμӡ
Ҳչ꣬һͻڡСȭͷ
˵ڲǻѣٶʵˣĹ̥ȣȴԵЩ
ʳƵϲһλԾµĸףȥ
ðӭء
ŰȻȥҸȤ˵ĻٲıͶ
šЦЦ簮
ᣬռұˡһЦȥ˽𽣷ԶһСסĵط

ʦ֡
һĴϣ͸ƽϣµȡ
ɡ
š
¶һ˿ЦݣԽ⣬˱ԼʱҪǿٱʹԼҲضá
ѵÿɹǶߵ˷ǳãպҲϺӰɡ
ʼŵ鴦Ĳһսǽ𽣶ӮӡЦ
Ǻǣɽ𻢶ѣΪĪպһ˾̫һ˶衣
ҡͷʧЦһۣǴ֮⣬Ȼʦܺߵˡ
㱨𲻸ҹ˶еηˡʹЦصͷ޵Ҳʡȴܶ顣
ʦֹˣҲǲѶΪ֮ϾһŰҲġ
˱ԡҡͷЦ
ҲЦʵʦΪ£ֻɡ
ţγչ֮ǰ㣬һС¡͵ͷʵŴȣô
Ҳμˣ֪뷨ҳΪʥӣҾûбҪ
΢΢һЦ˵ҲûбҪٹʥӵŷʦֶΪ쵼Ŀãʥӣͬ⡣
Ҳ뷨
ЦǸӻʥְλҲһСĴпܻӰպȻʦܲԸʥӣǾͺðˡ
ʧЦȤ˵ѡ˳֮ɲԸ˳أԼͽΪʥӣÿһλء
ЦǿҵţǲУûܱȵҵͽܡ
š
ЦűʾͬŷϴʵԸ߳һأʱձܳΪɵһλǿߡ
䣡
ף̫ˣ
ʱӼԶһŭƵģɲǼ䴫𽣶죬ɫ䡣
֮ƻŭ𣬲ѾˣŲٵɫһ䡣
ô£ѵƻҪַ鷳
һʥϵӵʥڼŭɱ
˿óƻŭˡ
ţ
ɫʱʦԽԽˣѵڶô
ǺǣҴӣǲءЦûе¡
͵ӲسӦôʦܷģһ´¡
ͷʦ֡Цҡͷ̫ɽʵԸƻ⡣
ǺǣȻʦܱŭһɡ͵һЦһϵӽ𽣷洫ȥ
ʦܣ𽣷档ƽȴһɴϣ鲻ԽؾҪŷ
ҪȥƽʦǡƻЦŲϢ󣬻ƻڽ𽣷ڡ
ǿѹŭҲ֪ǽ𽣷棬ݲʸһְ֮λ
׻δأƻ䲻ͣҲš
ƻ߽׺ɫʱüΪɭеɱ¶
ʦܺαضŭ˵ЦЦ
ƽʦ֣ʲ£ƻһԣɫвޣҲ̫
ʦܴһ˵ҲǶĿ𳤣̫ûˡ
䣡
ƻٿȻվ˫ĿԹ޵Ŀ⣬ߵƽ⻰ʲô˼ѵҶһƾôˣ
ɫҲԻƻ̬Ϊ˵ô죿
ôҶӣôؾһơƻߡ


277 ֻҪ
ɫһ䣬ҲЩĮȻʦܣҪЩ˰ɣʦ̫һĶӶһӦ飬Ҫȡˡ
ȡ֣
ƻŭ˫Ŀâһɿµʥŭͣ㴦̫ˡ
󵨣
棬мλǶһŭȣƻעݣҶƽ̲ȫԿᣬְλ
ʦˣʦҲǻУûҪϸ߰ɡһλԲ΢Ц
Ŀ΢΢аҲˣλǷķԼνǺ޺ܾˡ
һƴ˳аͽĪīЩĪīʧأӳаǵá
ҳаƻϵܺã˷𽣷棬ȻΪƻͷġ
˳а֮⣬ӡɽ֮ҫţɽ֮Ϲѩ꣬Ҳǻƻĺѣȫڻմһ
׺Ͷ΢΢һЦ
ƻҲ֪ƾԼѶԸˣλΪ׳ơ
Ǻǣλʦܽ춼ѵҽ𽣷һˡ۾΢΢˫֣ɫ
ǺǣʦҲǸոŻʦֱʦ۸Բ׷¡Ϲѩ΢ЦһӣѩƵԲʵĺѾﵽԪΪ
ҫһЦ˵ƽʦ֣ƻʦֵĶӱƽ޹ʴһƣѵôˣ
ģ
ֵЦ߽ʲô˼۽𽣷ƹ
ʦˣҵֻΪƻʦֱƽѣʦ̫ܽԵˡϹѩЦ
ʱһֱ˵ʼؿһȺִȫǾһ㡣
ˣ
һȣλ¶һ棬˫ˣȵһ׮С¶ѣλʦܺαϸߣ˵ʦܵĶӲû̫ܵ˺ǻʦܵǸɣ
ҪǸҪһơƻ˿壬ɫĮס
֮һӲв
׻һȺʥ˿壬ɫĮȻضŻƻƽս̫һ㣬սҹԶЩ
㡭
ƻŭƺƵʥһӾ籡κν𽣷Ĺ󷨼ӳ֣һҫʥ
ףΪҲҶô
Ҫսҷ㣬ң
ɫƽӳǷ֮ˣ̲һϡ
˵꣬ȥֻһĮȻĻ˭Թ̫ɽңһš
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ƻ񣬺ڷ裬µϢ籡ۼ֡
䣡
һµͻȻĮȻسִڣƽվһ߳ȥ
ʦֵû˵óĬ߻ƻˡ
Ҫս㣡
ֻҪǸң
΢΢һЦȻһԲ˵׵ǿɵҲһΡ
һӲв仰˵˵ģݹЩĬĬŷһ·ɳһ
жһǣ
ƻɫ粻סˣİΪȴηǹ
һʦֵܵĺǳģҪǸҳ֣ĸҶǼϷ
ȻһɱƻҲԸ
ʦ̫ˣ̫ɽǽ𽣶Ļ¡ߺϹѩ̾
£ɵˣ
ʯʢ䣬֮УʦΪĹĿΪʲôΪӮһʥõϵķ
ߣ
Ϲѩ걻˵ƿԣһ˦ȥ
ֻЦмغһ
ջƻˣ֮ʱƻһЦʦ֣Һڴ֮Ŵȡ
ϣΪŷϴĶ֣Ц
ǺǣʱˡĻƻûб粵һ뿪Ϲѩ꼸Ҳȥˡ
һȺ׳գ
൱ĲмЩ˻Ϊմܳʥôʦ嶼ûпһżƾմҲ䣡

ʦܣε˻ƻϹѩˣˮˡص̫ɽ΢Ц
׵һЦֻҪմû޳ʥǾͲ壬޳ʥΣŽġ
ҵʵ̫ˣ
̾徲Ϊѵһ˿ЩʱգҲҪչˡ
ʦҪչضã
꣬ꡣ¶ģҪسߵľ硣
š
׵ͷЦҲҪչأ֮أŴȣᷢȤ顣


278 ıչ
΢΢һЦʵѾڶ죬չĳʲô磿
ҡͷʧЦ˵ãһ˳ܳھɡ
һô죿һһôٶҲ̫˰ɣ
һúãս黹ḻھҲпܡ
ͷЦ˽֪֪Ĳ̫߾һĪɾɡ
񣬼˶֪ײĽ𽣶ķȻһɾΨ˲ܽΪս졣
Ǻǣʲôסʦ֡һЦҲû
ţ㣬һǷĵģСı㣬ҶҪ࣬ѡĵ·Ȼǲġ
οһЦȻΪͽܣȷ飬ҲգȥھͲˡ
š
𽣶͵ʥսūбǹǻɽ봫ʥ̫ɽܰȫ

״ЦʥϮʥͱǹҶһս
һЦ漴뿪éݡ
裬Ų߳ȥƬ̺һ䰲ڡ
ӡ
ںֻһλʿػѩĶӣСһ۵ǳɰѾ˯
ˡ׺Ц
ѩĶӣ׿صĺϸҹʿػóһʥٴһʲôʥӭС
ȻҲ֪̫ɽһʥϮ˭Ҳ޷͵͵
ﻰ̫ɽҸоرãеضһˣҺþûܰĸоˡ
λʿһλɢޣߺǼѣ̫ɽҲڼǰͻΪ˳Ľչ
ǺǡЦļ
ɫЦվʱ뿪˷䡣
ڴϣϤӤ¶һ˿Цݣ֮˭֪СһĸǶôĿֲһɱľŽȫ龳ʿնˡ
ѩ˵һٶѵѪĶӺʱȴһ
Ҳǰʮꡣ
ԭʼѪûо֮ǰ޼ĬĬ˵һ䡣
ͬʱҲеʱȣҪԼʵ
һСһѪǱȻΪҪӶĶʱб˵
ѩдĶӣױȻľػ
Сһ㳤֮ұΪͽɣϣʱҲ㸸ǰӢ۸޵СЦЦ߳ȥ
ʿٴνϥУһͬʱػӡ
߳ȥĪסĵطСӾȻҲʼչˡ
һͿյɽĪҲʼʽչأվڶ⿴˼ۣЦˡ
СӣԴСǱһٺҲʼͼǿԽ̿ˡ
ȥ˽𽣷档
ϣȥ˿ա
СѾͷȻһҲչˣͬʱһţִ磬ұչټ
СѾͷ൱Ȼߵ˶ѾչأҲ̫ɽˡ
ʦܡ
ʱס
ʦʲôô
Ǻǣմһ˽ӣҲղʵܲƻ鷳
Ŷƻĵܵô
ţƻܺã벻մʦôҲ֪ʲôҲ֪ġЦЦҲһ˿ɵ
ƻ壬մΪ𽣶̫ϳϣΪĻޱȵĿ¡
Ȼ֮ǰƻô˵λܵܣǷǳĵġ
ֻҪԪҶûϡЦЦҲмǿġ
һЦ
ʦ֣ұ̫ɽչˡ׹ְݱ
ãԤףʦΪڽ

׻ص̫ɽ֮󣬱㿪ɽ󣬸̫һ󲻵óɽ
䣡
һǿϢ̫ɽ
ɽ봫ʥϢϢأʱϸǼʥ뻤ɽںһ
ԭʦаƽһоټΪѾǿԿǼʥ
츳ŵǼʥȻγɵĻԪɾɣãԡ
дʥΪ̣׿Է
䣡
һɽмѣǧɵصһʯǵƽ֮أѱá
߽ʯڣȻɽ£׿ʼıչء


279 ޵
ʯںܿտΨʯʯκһЩˮ
Ϊﵽڶ죬ʹԶҲ޷ȫιܱٹȡ
׶ϣϵͳѾѧͨ
ķһս֮á̫߾Ϣﵽ徻״̬ʱһò
ʱѡˡǿɾƪ
ǲƪҲ֧Ԫ޳ʥ֮󣬱ֱתһķ
ķ֮⣬ҪͨԴڽ𽣶졣
ŻѾȫɹΪҲԽĿ¡
֮ͬϡ
󽣾ɽ֮Ƿȱ
󽣾ıǻû˰ʮ齣ÿһ󽣷ǵأնա
ܻû齣ѣԶ
ɽ֮䣬ֻƤëɽӰԸ֣۴ɡ
յɽ֮һʩչɽģѹܡ
Щ֮ͨ⣬𽣶컹мŶս㣬޷ʩչ
ʱ䣬ѸԼĿꡣ
һ󽣾ɽ֮ȡأʹܷӳսǿҲҪʩչ
ΪĿһһ죬Ǳˡ
һﵽھ죬޾һİ벽Ԫ˫ƽ
νɫˮΣǽɫˮβǺöֻЩӷ·ˣҲûбչ
սڵĽɫ󺣣ľ衣
ɽѾɽЩֻһ֣ҼʹȫҲްɡ
䣡
һɫѪΧ׽ڤ˼֮Уʼʽչء
ıչأҲ֮ӶصɣҲѡչ
Ǵѹʵ̫ˡ

޵£ʱ÷ǳ졣
ǰܿ͹ȥˣ̫ɽһƬɽȫκϵ
𽣶쵹ǷȤ顣
ǷĪīĻָǰõǷһλֵ֮õλһöҩ
öҩǧ꣬ĪīõʱΪﵽ죬ֱŷϴ
ĪīɳѸ٣ͬʱ⼸ˣҫ۵ĵ
λ֮ӳȥһˣƺõһЩõһƷս౶
аӿ˶Ŵȳģʶʥӣŷϴ
ŷϴڽ𽣷ޣǳĵ͵һǰЩǿƺͰ裬õ͵Һơ
Դͺ⣬֪׸ıλӣֱ仯ŷϴо޴ôġ
ԤһŴȣŷϴᾪɣ

ģۡ
ʯڣ죬ڤ˼ɹνɫˮΣˮڸı壬ǿһ䡣
ʹǰЩսȫѣ˿Ҳ۵ֱ顣
ʹ֮󣬾޴ĺôԶ׼
νɫˮ֮ٴǿ壬类ϴһƵģԽļ᲻ɴݡ
ͬʱΪﵽ죬֮ǰ˵һÿһһ
У̫ˣÿޣ
ţٴνڤ˼֮Уɮ붨Ƶģһؿ֦ȫϢԡ
꣬׺޽չǹؼһ꣬Ҫȹ̽ΪҶɾƪ˸
ƪһͨûκιսиĻָơ
һŹͨҪҪ֪ҵĴսУһſ˵ͨӮͻܶࡣ
ָͨУΪ̫ɾﲻ̫ĲΣֻǳԵĿھ
꣬Ϊͻͽһ꣬νɫˮΣͬʱΪﵽ졣
˿̵ףޱȵǿ󣬱Ҷ֡˫Ҫǿ࣬Ѿսʤһİ벽Ԫǿߡ
ʼǼͨ󽣾ɽ֮Բ䲻ܷӳ̫Ѿɹˡ
꣬һš
Ըǣûдﵽھ죬ֹڰ졣
벽ֻһš
ףЩΪ̫죬ȱʵսۣҪﵽڣҪĴսˡ
䣡
һɽѿһɽɫѪֱƵѪˡ
̫һ˴Ц
֪Ѿˡ


280 С
䣡
ɫѪޱ޼ʣҫɽ壬ǷҡϵѪᴩƲ㣬ޱȵ𺳡
һ߳ХһѪһ۵Ƶģ档
ϲӳءٴˣмλʿǶЦףء
ǺǣЩˡ΢ЦЦݴǰһ˿âȴһ˿ϴ
ٴЦӿˡһתЦţչȻѾڰˡ
ڰ죡
㲻̫Ϊǿ߶㲻ϣȴһ
ڶܶս벽Ԫʿﵽڰ죬ָԿʥһ
ٴҲܺ棬Цʵڰ죬ǲǿԿԪˣ
ȻС
Ȼ΢ЦʥһǶϷҶȹڴ٣ƴʥߡ
ٴЦ˵ˣҲţ̶ʮڰ죬޽С
֮󳬳ǵ󣬻иĿڣֻǲ֪ѡ
ЦЦſѯһЩ顣
չ꣬Ҳ֪ʲô仯ɡ
ٴ΢΢һЦϸ˵̫ɽˡǸСү̫ˡ
Сү
΢΢һЦȥˣǺҲ˰ɣأ
ӣСүɲ򵥣ֵ̫ɽɹһβҴӰɸߵɽˤʱŵ඼ͣˡ
֪⺢ӽǺƤʵɽˤ֮޴󰭣ҲϸһһƤûơ
׿ЦѩǰĺӹȻȻѪ໹кܴġ
СôѾ֪ˣҪһɽһ¡
̫֮ɽˣҪųȥתתȲӦ⺢ӼˣĳһһҺϣ䲻Ҿͱ߷ɼʮס
ٴЦ˫Ҳһ˿ȻȻˡ
ѵתɣС͵ǹ룬һ߷ʿԵôʵ
λʿҲЦȻҲСһ׽Ū
׿óٴ˲Թ֮ģ϶¶һ˿簮֮ɫ
ӣСүΪͽˣ˶֪СүĲٴ޵ѵ
ҵͽûߡЦЦʵȥˣ
ٶͰţȥˣЩСүȥٲ棬ѧӾ
׵ͷӦްҷɣ̫һҲˡ
ڻƻҲڸһλͯһʶ
Сأ
ĪֵܻڱչأһֱءٴЦ
ɵһЩ飬ȻЦȥٲǺӴ
ˣԺҲýʲôСүֽѩơ

ѩƣѩΪԼѡõ֣״־ͿߣѩǰԶӼܴĺ
ѩֵǹ飬ǲ̫ģֻҪԭʼѪѣС¡
ҲţݴĹźҵĺͿǣת
ٲλڽ𽣶ϣһȻγɵٲ
Զȥ裬
¡¡ǧڣһ޴Ƶģ׹䡣
ڷٲ⻷ɽˮɾƵģӶϲ棬Ѱҵ¡
ʿֹ飬һ¶˶Һ˵£һͬҲڹ¶ꡣ
𽣶ҲŮӣò㣬˼ȣȻľӴ˲糯
ֻҪͶϣŵǼ֮ܽΪ£Ӵ˫˫ɣңڡ
ɵӶ֪̫ɽ׽ȻСΪ£ŮȻĽҲ

ٲܴ󣬷ԲǧɣһϮضѪû̫ע⡣
Ȼܴ󣬵òĵȴࡣ
䣡
Ȼ䣬һµϢһഫͬʱһϤ׶ʱü
ģǳǷ̫Ե˰ɣƾʲô뿪ӴҼСү̤࣬¡ٶɴֿΪҲ˲٣ﵽ졣
ĪīʦһҪڷٲʦñףӵȥҪ󡣡һȻ
˭ĪīӲʶȥϱȥ̤ࡣò˵ٶܴף׾úС
壬ġһ۵ͯȴİ裬СƵġ
漴һòҲ֪ѩСӵ
ȻԿЦСһȻţҲǱȺ岮ߵˡ
СүǱ£ǲ̫ðɣٶЩԥ
ʲôʦҪǹΪǳѩ۵ͯǰԵҧгݡ


281 һǿ
Ȫлûʺ磬Ŀ
ѩư̿Сƨϼӹָ̣ܽպǳʲô粨
ҲóСһȻԵмӸ֮ģǴƳǷ塣
ƳǷ壬ǾưɣаѺԼǣĵĪīҲ޲ɱԼ
Сƨ뱻ƨô˵ǽͽܣʦ𶼵ͷڹˡǷλЦ
ȫҡ
ѩƵʱͼˣ۵ͯĺܿ죺ʦҲͰˣʦ
䣡
һµϢʣԶһӰϢѹܡ
״ʱѾվȺ룬ؿ̬չ
ʱҲѩơ
СһﴩһɾľװǼѣ۾ͷɣһĺӡ
⻹ûоѪı֣һԭʼѪСƨƻˡ
Ƿ֮Īīˡ
ЩױչأŷϴԽ͵Īīѹŷϴơ
żʷǷѾﵽ죬ҲƵһλѵÿ塣
ĪīһϮɫװߴ࣬ޱȣ촽ޱǿš
걻״ĵʧأѾȫˣұʱҪǿٱֹ
ʦ֡
λǷĵӶ
ĪīһͷĮسѩƵ˿ȥвص
ǱѩƣĵӣĪīü䵭
Ҳûô񣬾ǱðٱѩͲȴ龫֣У˵㣬ҲܽеģӦùһʦ塣
ĪīЦʦ񣬶ô컬̫࣬СҲԸ۸㣬
üͷһ
ĪīǼǳ𣬼ǳҲͰˣԴһͯҲôţеˡ
ټֵܵɫһ
ٶɭȻϹ˵ʲôأڱ˵ӻ㡣
ǾǽļūɣսȻڣҾʹѵһ١Īī൱ǿƣ޾ס
Χ˻Ȼ֮ҪʲôѵƾΪ̫ô
Ҫ֪̫סս벽Ԫչض꣬³ʥ֮⣬޵˰ɡ
ĪīʲôӣҲ׵ļū
ʱһӰЦ绨һһλѵõŮ
ԭˣֲĪīôǰֳԼӢ۵һ档
׻ȻҲ˵ӡɽ֮ҫĸŮΪӶ׷
׸֪ǷŮȴЩðϵϢ̫ᣬȻĻǰ崿¡
¶΢ЦһѩƵվһԣһ峾׵ĸоһλŮƵġ
Īīһϲɫ䣬䣺Ҫ˵ڶ飬ߣҾҪˡ
޾壬Сһװʲôβǣʦڴˣ㻹Ҷ˵һô
ڣұر֮𡣡ĪīҲ޵ķʸԼս൱š
ټֵܲٶ˵ʲôѩʮɣٶûкˣǻóһս
Сӣְɣ
ĪīʧЦһЦ죬һֻ־ѹ㣬ɡ
䣡
ڰٶ׼ʱһڳ˶㤵ϢȺУһɽɫѪֱͷųҫ۵â
һ߳ɫȻĪīֶʦѵûнô˵ʦĻɲǾΪ
Īīɫ䣡
ΧȻ˭Ҳûϵ׾ȻʱˣѾڰ졣
ڰ찡˶Ѿﵽˣȴ𾪵˵
ѣַͿҪڴˣٶ̫ˣ˾㤡
ɢϢ纣·ѹʮأޱȵǿ
Īīɫұ䣬һԹսҲ΢΢һ䣬ЩȻ
˵Ӱ
׵жǿЩĶ֪ĪīȻģ˿ҲЩˡ
׵Ĵ̫ˣÿһôľ춯أһս۳ʢ
壡
Īīҧ΢΢ɴſ̹ǵĳޡ
䣡
׶ˣһƵģգۼĪīǰһƾôȥ
һص֣˱úˣ׻֮ǰǿƣκӡ

Īīȫ貣ݺᣬγһ޴Ľ֣ХƵľҪնס
֣֮
λǷ֮ӣҲˡ


282 ΪУ㲻

貣һ޴Ľ֣Хһ͵ҡϡ
Īīǵõ˵ǿߣʵȷǿֿնһƵնȥ

ܿѹγһƬյش̶޴ĺ⸩£֡
飡
һֻƺ̽Եأǧɴ󣬴ŰɽٶһӾץס֡
־Ҳֻĺ£˲Ϣĥ֡
žžžž
׳嵽Īīǰ־ʹһ˼ʮƲͣЦеʦֶǶԳĺ
Īī⼸ƴˣʹǿҲûãÿһƳɽײϣȻϣȫѪ
飡
ĪīȫԡѪȫˣҲû֣ʶ
㡭㣡
ĪīߣЩҫ۵ǣͷǹŷϴԭΪ۷磬Ϊµʥӡ
ǣ
׵ļɥеƺһӱȥֻ޾ͱߡ

Īī𣬹ؾӿƼٵȬţ̶ɲǼͺ˴롣
һЩ˶ΪĪīŴսҲҪһЩϣٴαֺη
ಡ
գۼͷɵӰ٣ֻһ仰壬Ʋ
ֶΪУĲ䡣Ҳûȥ׷΢΢һЦؾһ䡣
˶ĪīӰƺһģЩӿзʧӰ١
Զ¶һ˿ʧĿһתؿһ׺תȥ
ֱʱȫŻȻ
ַǰһôǿƣһİȻұ֮ǰսֲˡ
ĪīôҲ֮ӣΪִﵽ쾳磬ǰСƵģһս֮ûС
ףȻһľ֮һʲô˶Ƶġ
ʦ塭
ַ
Ӷݼ¶º͵ЦݣƸղǰʢˣһЩеĽ
ЩӴ󶼼֪Ȥ뿪ˣʱٲΧֻ׵ȼˡ
Сƨˣһ˿棬һ˿ֺƵЦɬɬشӰٶվ
˫һգƺϸ۲ס
ò˵ѩƵȷԣʹûоԭʼѪҲһ΢سɴ
ѩƣ֣ϡ
ѩƣʦڽôСƨģԵüɰ֪˿϶ᱻ⸱ƭȥ
ѵһڽб𣿡¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣһУһɲɿܵķɳѩ
ʦѩƴС
ǰװ޹׹һЦһӾͱѩƣžžƴƨϡ
Сƨǰɪ֮ü˳ۣɵͬ۵С˧硣
ʦҵȡ𣿡ڷ̫ɽ·ϣѩƺʵ
СƨȻɣҲҪշеĸо׷ֳһ˿ϣһڿг۳ҡ
ǣ㸸Ϊȡġ
Ҹף
Сһ¶һ˿ˣ֪ԼȥˣȻӲҲ̸ʲôĸ飬ڤڤ֮еѪвԾػеˡѹ
ĸһλصӢۣϣгһҲһλΪǴߡ
ʦʹˣҵĿǵһλǵɶҵԸǷܴɣҪŬˡѩ۴Ц¶ԡ
ɽ֮Խ̵㡣׵ۣȵ
Сһ﷭۸塣
䣡
һɺƺƵʥϷһֻ޴ƴױȵΰҪѹ׵ˡ
ʥͣɲǼסƬգѹסء
Ϣǳ㤣һλʥߵһɽƵͲɵ
ʲô
ѵҪ𣿡
ԣϢԴͷǳǷ壬ӦǳʦסˣҪʦһЩѵΪȽϸߵĶӴ˵
ʲ׼ƴĪīĶӵѾɣЩĪīޣǼȥ֮ǰȫȻ

ʦܣˡ
ϵһֻ޴ƴӶɳһУžµȡ


283 Է
ϵɣ
˴󾪡
ƽ̵Դŭλ¶Եһ棬Ҫֹа׳֡
ֻݺݵضײһ
䣡
ţշɴըǧɵĿռɲǼ飬һƻǿֲޱߵˡ
ʥʵδֻǸնԻһƾôĹ
аҶԼʦ֣ܳôĵӣշŭһ޴ķӰڳǷϿա
͵ķҲڳǷһࡣ
䣡
Ƭֳ̺һλ̫ϳϵķӰǧɣһ˿ŭΡ
ǳаʦҲǽ𽣶˶̫ϳ֮һ
ӰƺƵ޿ƥеսϣһ㣬ʥɲ⡣
벽ʥķκһ˶ɱаʵһ뽵ڳǷ壬ʱóǷĵӶֻˡ
շЩϺأΪִϣԸִ֮Ȩ
ʦܣѵŭɽֹڶҲһֱƽ⣬аȻҹףΪԲ̡
䣡
аУҲǧɴ󣬵ʹɢҲԶˡ
аŭƽʦǺ⣿ʦܽʲôϵ
ɽֹ˽Υͻδշѩ׺Ӳȵ
аˡһ̾Ϣʦذ΢΢һüͷָ
ʦδңа˼֣Ҷذ
ʦ̫ˣ޹ʴҵͽܣѵͲڶôƽʦ̫ƫģǵͷףƫƫҪȥѰһҵȷġ
Īī𳤱һ֮ƣʦܽѵһҲѵҲҪһ֮ôͺȵŴϡ
ߣ
аЦû˵ʲô
ذʦܣаŹ棬ڰͽУαһΣԴǷð꣬Σշ΢΢תͷذʵ
ŴȼʼշҲ봦̫أóǷһŭ֮˳ͽñЦ
ƣ
ذһԭΪշطаû뵽ֻɰԴѡ
ɸԴ͸ͽˣǷʹòʲô⡣
֮ŴȣҲϣڴڼٷκβ飬һϳͲշɸȻ
λ̫ϳʱϣʥմһǽϲġ
벽ʥķӳǷʧаĿ˸¶һ˿֮ɫȻ˻ɽ

̫ɽ
װСƨѩץҪԽ̵ѩƷǳйôգκķ
һúõһпδѪ֮ǰһ޳ɡ
ƣֻҪڣұ뿪̫ɽ뿪ɣȥ
ʦ˵ģСƨ۾һ˵
ţҴӦô
ôʦ츳޳ɣ̫ˣʮѡ
ЦˣСͷˣۣԲһ㡣
Ǻãӽ쿪ʼðٴȽɣȵ޽֮ұԽ̵㡣
˭˭Сƨͷš
̫ɽػƽºŴȿʼ֮ʼ׼׺ɡ
֮û˿Բսֲŷϴʥӣ̫ɽ֮⣬Ȼ죬ڻս
֮ʮ죬еһʱ䣬ڱչأͽĪȻء
ųŴȻδʼʱ䣬ǷҪȥһȡǰﵽ벽硣
գۼ䣬ʼԴѾʮˣѾ뵽𽣶춼ܲɷˡ
ˢ
һٲǰȪɫٲ׹䣬ûɺ׶ȤٴææԶ
ӣ²ˡٴɫϻ¶һ˿߿ɱ
ʲô£
ӣֵһλʦðȣֱԩ߱ʦԷˣ֮ʮ壬ҲҪǧСٴٺܿ죬Žͷŭ
۵ƷǶ֪壬ΪԷܾ̫ɽ
˵߱ʦǲܵ顣
üͷһü·
á
ۣ׻ͦмģ˳裬Ҵָкܲڳʵ˲æ
ѵÿɹۼ壬׾ܿһλĺӱôԩ
ڣһλ˽ȴţ׵Ӱֺ̲סһͨһ͹ˡ


284 Է
׸ոտ粽˱ݺᣬͨһ£ߵַΪʦһ
Ҫżʲô˵ȳȣŵˡ
˽۵ʦܣ׸鼫ãԲŻð𽣶ȡ
ַ
һˮɫ֮ǰôźؽԭί
ԷǿܿɣˣȻڶֹΪһƽλúܼҡ
۵ʦԷεƽ̣Ľƽ֮λǰͻȻ۳ԼʦչͻȻ͵Ϯɱƽ̣ͼһյƽ֮λ
Хߵ˵ʦʦ縸ӣʦô߱ʦ飬ʦʮ֮ƽ֮λʦ֣ʦôô³ç
ԷĲƽüͷΪ۸еֵ
Цһɫһ䣬¶߿ַ֪˭ݺʦ֡
˭ڼӺֵܣٴæʵ
ǹƸӡ
ŭ⣬͵ҵʦǰʦƽ֮λʧܣһֱģĶӹһֱʦԣҪʦֹԷ
ҸƸӱȻıɱʦ֣ݺʦ֣ȻݾͿɵƽ̡
׵ͷ¶һ˿Цݣڹڣͬ뷨ˣӦò
һַγԣ
һ˰ǲӳġ΢Ц
Ҳɵ΢΢һ¶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫô˵ɻûùƸƿء
ʲôΪ
Ԫ죬ҲԷΨһʥߡ˫˸ޱȳ֮ɫʦ֮ǰѾﵽԪ죬ȥĪڱչصڣǡõʱʦҲڡ
ڲ˵ͬʱҪɱһλʥǺεȵѣӦûΡ
ⷬ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ʱ¶֮⡣
ײȥϾԷ̫һûʲôϵûҪۏˮ
ߣȥһԷ䲻ұ֤ܻһǬȳⲻ󡣡
ϲָ׹£ַ壬Ҵʦͷˡ
Ǻǣ˺ѣ㲻ˡ

Է𽣶첢޹ϸײܹڸɾý𽣶̫衣
ֻܴż˹ȥԿΪɽ£ԷᣬֻҪܾȳۼɡ
ӣҵȸȥɡٴԼмλʿ˵ǵڳ۹ϵܺá
ţǼ˸һ˰ɡйλʿսԷ
ʦҲҪȥѽѩƨƨߵƵģϲ
ȥúȻһӶ̫߳ɽ׵ۣѩ
СƨһƲǲʵ뿪ˣٶಽظš

ƽʦ֡
ϺصĽ𽣷ڣŲ
ˢ
ͳڴڣ΢Цʦϡѽôʱ𽣷ˣ
΢΢һЦʦĪҪȡЦˣ𽣷һ¶ʦ˵
ΪԷڶһ£ʵ
κεطκ£סʦѽ׵ͷЦڳҲҲæˣӦȥ
š
͵ͷüͷ΢΢һʦܣԷҲ֪һ͸Ρ
ǺΡ
̾Ҳ˵۵ʦʥߣڱչصĹؼʱϾҲܱ͵Ϯ
ţﵽԪ֮ǿԪ̣ʥ֣򲻿Ϣ
ʦֵ˼ָƸӱһʥüԽôºΣ
ЦˣҡͷһСɶѣôпʥһʥǺεȵǿ󣬲κСµġ
ǺǣԷĶԹҲȥܣֻȳۣͷԺܲһ㣬ҲǼõġ
ʹЦӦ˵Ϊ̫һһλɡ
Ҳɵĵ

۾Ҫʮ壬ײҵ󣬴ϰٴȼˣͬһǰԷ
ˢ
쵵Ĺâ˸׵˴Ӵ̨߳ǡ
ӽԷĳǳأǳżɽԷ
ͽܾãȻʲôųǳأҲӪľ֪㣬Ƿ
ַھȥɰɣٳһЩʦֻ޷̡ܿ˵

ЦЦϵ̷ʲôһǣġ
һҾ¥ʱס£׶԰ٴ˵ͷЩ˱Ȼسȥܿ뵽֯ĽС


285 ÷
Ѫͻ
ʱλʿˣΪһλʿҲ̫һǿļ֮һ
ԭһλɢޣڳʱű㰲Ĵ̫ɽѾࡣ
ӣٴͼλֵܻڵ飬Ȼˡ
һҾ¥ڣ׵˿Ψֵ˶֣ȻԷ
ţºȼ˵ЦЦõС˼ˡ
Ҳ˼֮˵Ƿֱץ˼ԷĵӣõϢ˵һֱֻԷڱٴ
ҡԷٿ˻飬еӶμˣǵļλѡ˹Ϊʥӣʮ̳֮ƽ֮λͳɡ
׺žƣûдĻֻǾš
ֱĵطأûҵõĻֵ̻̣Թصǲоġ
Цһ˿ɱɭȻֻǹΨһԪʿͬĳҲ˵ʲô
еһ£ƽΪǫѷ񣬶壬ЩȻ
΢̾ϢֻΪֵʦͻȻ¼ĺڡ
ǰ
Ҳ֪ҪɱһλʥжѣһϢֱ㣳
ʥ٣Էѣһʥܳ֡
ȰٴǴɡЦЦк˺ȾƳԷ
ʱ󣬰ٴż˻ˣϢһ£Ψһб仯ǣǴѺ˵ĵط
꣬й£Ӵƽ̫
ѾΪļ֮һֻұԷȫǧ˱ץˡ
հٴҰݷԷǼ˾ȳֵļ˰ɣȻɵΧڡ
ӷģֻС£ǻᾡϻһսġ

˻رܣԷõ׷ɱ÷ơԶմһȣͬʱɼ˹
÷ƣ
׵˶΢΢һ
ٴüͷһ壬˵ӣ÷ƿֵʦãͶϣ˵ֵЩĻ䣬λʰġ
ߣȥˡ׵ͷ
߳¥һӰɽǱ߷ӰЩģٶȻѸݣܿؾͷɳǡ
һȺʿЩ˽׷ᣬƣһʱ÷ƾͻᱻ׷ϡ
ڳ־ͻݾߣڶȥˣȥ÷ơ׷Ը
á
ٴ˵ҲģһȺڵӶѣ׵һֵ֮ס
Ϸֿж׽ŲӡȥһƵ׷ȥ
ʮ֮İУһɫŮӱһȺΧ룬ϴűߺͲŲһͷɺףͷû˿ľ¡
÷ʦ㣬ֺαôִϾͻΪһˣûҪΪѳ顣
ԷһλõЦһλһĵӣԷõĸҲǹݵʦܡ
÷۱һȻֹסѪȫȻѪ߰ߣµѪ
ĿԲһŭȣ΢治Ҫǵ˭˶ȳģûʦֵ㣬㻹ܻڣ
ʦֱ㲻ûΪΪɱʦֵˡ
ʶʱΪܣ۰ҪˣЩʦֻ̳ƽ̣ȻҪúðͽ΢ЦЦȻ˵
ɡ÷ŭ
Σһڼ䣬Ҫʮ壬ûô๫ԡ
΢Ц÷ƣʶһĵҵĵ£һڹʦﱣһ
΢һ֪뿪Ҿʯ٣ҲҪɱ㡣
뿪Ҫȥҽæɣϧ̨ûУɵ𽣶ʱѾ𡣡΢Ц۾һɭȻ÷ƣҪ
ΥӴ֮󣬶ϡ

÷һȻ裬ȵɵļһʹҲҵӡ
ӡ΢ҧŭȣֵһϣ÷ƣһ
䣡
һֻɫȭͷͻأسս룬ŰԾصϢݺһȭڱ΢ϡ
飡
û˿⣬΢ȫ飬ѪҺ˲˾ʹ䳹ʧ
ȴ΢֮⣬ߵҲȫιѣƬѪǺɣһȺȫɱ
÷ƾδǰֻһֻ޴ĽɫȭͷȻԼһ͵е⣬űһĻҵĻ棬ѪɣѪȾ˰ա
һߴȴģӴԶ


286 ֻΪ
ǵ㣬һ¸С
÷ƿŴԶ꣬ͻȻ뵽ʲô¶ϲ֮ɫʵַ
ţѣЦЦָһ㣬һ͵ָɳ÷Ƶơ
лַԮ֡÷ϥ£ֻǱһɴֹһЦ÷ﲻҪڳ繲Ȼѣȥ
÷ᣬʦǱԩģڱڣﶼˡ
׵ͷ¶һ˿˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫûͺá
ڵﱻҲ޷ðʦϷĵʥ߶ԣһλʿĵﲻѡ
ַ֪۱ʲôطھȥôȻˡ÷ϣɫס
ţǻʱô
÷ƲЦֻǹƸӵдǶѣΪۼԼ߱ʦݱҹζ࣬ҹɱۣ֮ÿ֮Ʒ۵ʬ壬ٸһϷ
ҴһλϿģλܷͬ߿ǹƸӣҲŲһӳ͸һ鴫̨ϧûü򿪴ͱ΢Ǹ׷ˡ
׻Ȼ÷Ʋ֪ѾȥԼ÷ƵĲһˣҲԱԷ˺ܷйƸӣιΪǿ˸ŭԡ
ಡ
ٴԶȫԡѪɱްɱˡ
һ֣˵ӣѾֵļ뿪ˣھɱɽɡ
ߣȥһơɫĮȻԶԶسΡĸɽһۡ

ȺɽبŨһɽصҲһеĺõط
ɽ£ɫȻ÷ƺͰٴˡ
ѾƵǽտɽꡢѩΪף߱Էڣɵĵ֮⣬˲ô
ҹɽʱи𾯽ĵӷǡ
ˢˢˢ
һȺϢسܣĿ⾯ɱ
ԷƮҡֵʱκ΢СĶпӡ
ƸӽӹԷ𾯽ĵӶǵš
÷ƣ澻û΢أȥˣһ˿÷ƺʱʧɫС

ɱ죬һȺȫУɫдżĽ䱸˵Ŀͣϡ

ٴ۾ŭȵ
󵨣
䣡
ٴ֣Щ𽣶һսֱһ貵Ľ⣬һִĽŭնѪȾա
ľڿи𾯽һȺ˾ͳ쳹ڼžҹ
ʲô˵ҴԷһŭԶɽӰ㿣ʿŭ𣬺ն
䣡
ײ˷ʱ䣬һХɫѪգѪ裬ǽɫĹâҫ񷣬ڵҹＫΪҫۡ
ٴ֣һӿһ裬޴նʮ˴ôѪٴεɳȥ
Ӵ󵨣
Էĸŭʮʿŭ𣬴ɽɳɱ⡣
Ҳɱ¾ֻһѶѡһȺɽ𶯣һĳȥɨ䵽һԡ
ԷӴ󺧣⾿ʲôˣڰѣȻһƻʮʿ
ף
˾ϳס
ʲô
ãȻǽˣϿ֪ͨƳϵˡ˾ߺԷ
ߣ
ٴ۵İȫһȣԷɽųȥܵһС
ǿļʮʿһƻ䣬ЩɽĵǰٴĶ֡
סַ֣һ𡣡һϵŴһλ벽ԪʿԷһλϡ
״÷ƺͰٴһ·ɽȥٶȺܿ죬ֻգۼɽ۵һ
Ρ룬̻ԻͣŹӺͲɣԷϵĴ֮һǸдԼٿŻĵط
ۼ̳ɵĵ棬ʮ޴İɫӴţ֧
˽ȥԷĸ߲㼸ˡ
÷ƿЩ˺ɫȻһ䣺ַƸûǿ϶ȥɱˡ
ɫ䡣
һЩһЩɫûϵ׾Ȼô졣
ַҹԷΪ£һλЦݣʵ
Էﲻ
ַϳϣԷĸƽ̣ҿԿ϶ǻˡ÷Ȼ
ҹðãĳбǸ׵ͷ΢΢һЦĳ˵ڹܵĴˡ


287 Ҫҳ
ڽţҩζʮ㡣
˶ԩģʮԷĸ߲㣬гѾͶƸӡ
׵Ļ˵꣬Ͼһλ°׷ЦˣԷ̫һʲôʸ֮¡
ʮеǰ˷۵֫ˡ÷ϴſ̹ǵɱָȵ
ʮɫһ䣬أЦΣʦ棬ֻǷ˹ʦֵѡ
ַʦǼȶʵ㻹߰ɣԷļ£޹ءһλϿڣƽҲס
˵һֱûгɱƽ̣Ѫˣ
÷ƴޣ
׺Ͱٴɫȥ
Ƿֱйϣĳλִʣҵĺѣ֣޻˵ԩҲӲġ
壬̫˰ɣһǾ仰ԷֲҰ

һȣһɽӵڳ²ɲ⣬ƾɫˡ
䣡
ɫѪҫĹ󷨺Ȼɢһâס˹ŵ
һ̤ĮȵҲ˵һ䣬ţҹҲٳˡ
壬㲻ҪΪԼ޵ˣʦֿѹ㡣ʮɫ䣬ɫ
ˢ
һߣָ⣬ӿʮס
ִĽ£мʮɳһƵģסʮ
Ǻ嫵Ľ˱ɫ˶֪ǿƣԷһڸ߲Ǹܵˡ
壡
ʮɫ֣ȻûնǹϢϢܿɱĮؿˡ
ƣ
ٿȻһХ󣺡ɱۣǹۼš
𶯾죬Ƶ⴫ɲǼ䴫Էеӵһʱ侪ѣȫ״
⵽˭Ȼвƴϣ
Ҫ֪ƿʥǾܣҲۣܳһ˭ǡ
ಡ
⣬м˷Ȼˡ
ӣֵļѾ׵ɣɨƽԷһɱֱֳǹɱڡ
÷ƹȾȳ֣˭ɱˡƽؿһԷһڳϣƽ
壬ĪҪʦֲŹġʮУҪѳȥ
ۣ
ն貵⣬ЯŲɲܣһӾͰʮնࡣ
Ѫգ
ڣ˵Щȴ¶Цݣ׵ĵԷϣ
ͶƵһЩ¶ɫ޿֣ѵ¹֮ŭô
ǡ
ٴͷ÷ƴɽȥ
ڻʮˣûһ˸˫磬Ŀ⿴ˡ
ַĪҪ㲻áһλԷɫѿ˵
ֻΪһƳһ𡣡Ȼɫš
䣡
һ˾㤣ɢʥϢ֣޾ʥһƬǹŵ
Էһǿ߹ƣˣ
ȫѣʥһµϢ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬׼ǹɫɲǼҫ񷣬ʮɳͷ
飬زɲܣֻһΣʥ
ǹ
Էǿ߾ϷĴѴ˶֪ӵرԪʿ
СѵƾűǹȾָ֮ôһӾ֮ϴŭϡ
ʥ˵ѹɡ
ʦʥ˴ϵĹڵϡ
ʦ֣Ѿɽţ˳Ѻϴһͬš죬˵
ϣʲô˼ƾʲô˴˰Ǿͱ밴˼ȥ
ۣ
ٴγ֣һ֣˵˵ͷ­ȫѣ
Ҫٳ֡˫âмʮɳյĳЦƣٲұǹۼҵ𡣡
ߣ
һǧ޹˶ը죬һ޴ӰظС
ǹƵķӰԳʥݲмֻһӰѣȴҲɢź嫵ܣһɱס
ˣ
ǹ΢΢ɫһɨеʥڱǹӵΧκʥ޷档
󹭣Խء
Ȼɫ糣Ҳܲ죬Ϊû߶ȫԾڵԹƵѹ


288 
䣡
аɵķӰڹŵڣһĨĨɭȻ·ĥ졣
һλ׷ߣɭȻ޴Ӱڿгҡڣؿס
СôĵӡƳԶƵģü¶ϺͲá
ǰ֪ôҳκˣ񳯵ĴӶɱѵô΢΢һЦ졣
ƵĿʱ
ȷ׵޷֪޾κвӴó棬ƫƫսֲѾΪ˵ͷ󻼡
ʥҪɱѣΪűǹϷ²ɲ⣬ʥȻв
ɵķҲܣڶûȫгɣֻ뿪ϣǰȫ
ͬأʥƵɭȻ
΢Цǰͬ⣬ֻþʹԷˣᷢһЩøλŭ顣
û˸вҡƳĬƬ̣˫â޾ʥ
ƺҪڻˣʥһŭز
ˡ
ǹٵתһƬɫ⣬һĨƵɢȥסʥ
ϵķһȻɫ¶һ˿̰֮ɫűǹͣ
ײĹƻȥǹ󹭺أ·ѾϿԼԼ֮⣬κҪʹô󹭣뾭ͬ⡣
ǰɽ޷ǾùݳΪƽ̣ǹۼܶԷɣҲҰֻ뵥ľȳ۶ѡ׼˵
ɫĬԡ
ɱ
ɽεɱٴѾɱηԷӼս
ɱ𽥱ЩǰٴĶ֣ٴ˶Ϊ˹Գ⣬ҲΨдЩ߲ƺ⡣
һƺ˹ƺԷи߲㣬ƵЩ˶Ҷ͹Ҳ
ʵ򣬳˽֮⣬˭ҹȻвһλʥߣ

СҸӡ˼࣬һ޴ķӰͻȻʧֻ޾ʥ
ڹŵһЩˣɫͬ
еһеǿЦ鲢ûȳֺãԷǹۼˡ
װ˵ı龡۵ףˣҲʲôˣڶ쾭飬ûȥһɵѪڶ
ֻǵġҪȳԼĺѰˡ
ûݻûü׵˾ˣԼñ׵һȺҵ
Ϊߣֻѣٴѹ
Ҳǿ׼һ㣬ûö
ӣҵˣȺݣҲ˴÷ᣬŻȥ
ʱۣһƵģֻ΢һ˿ܵˡ
ȫͷˣ֫飬ﱻ٣ݲеĺأҲ־ǿûȥʱҽΣҲΡ
ţȻҵˣ߰ɡɫȻͷ
ӣƽ޹˴ǲֻع𣿡ɱڣŭԷһڸ߲㡣
׵ȻһЦֵĳԼ
λڶѾȳۣھȥױȭ
ߣ
ߣûдס
ʵУóȻκһɵڶȷܷɻ䣬ײ¹ƣ
ֽǵպ΢һѪʢ٣ɶ񾭣ΨֳΪ
׹ָԷпܸ»ҲͲϣġ
֮ǰҪʵֻͣҪȳˣԷᡣ
ȻĲԸԷﶼУܲ
˴ŻȥۣԼ÷ƺ뿪ɽȻûͣ򿪴̨ﳤȥ
еĿģѾﵽ

֮󲻾ãԷһƬСڣһϹһӰǰ
ǰ״뿪ˣ˼ûΪü仹һ˿ľ⡣
š
ǰ⣬һģӰȴɢһļµϢǳľ㤺Ϳ¡
Ǹ׵С֪ȤûҲ԰ˡ
¶һ˿ģǰΣҲܿ뿪ûô
Σ
һ˿˿ӰϣһΣϷϾͻ뿪ģһᴫڸϵлΪṩôľѪ
ΪǰЧͣҵҡæ
ʮԪʿľѪҲǿ尡һ̾ϢùƵսľڵϾþòҳ


289 
̫ɽһ䷿ڡ
ǰֳһϤףжʱһɲһû
ҹͥƶôô״΢Ц
ӡ
΢΢һŴӴݵлӾ֮
Ƕ˲ˡЦŷۣȻʹɫ
һȺ˻⣬Ц۵ļȻ߳䡣
ڣֻʣ÷ƺˡ
÷ƣܿˡľķڣۿݵĵ£̾Ϣһ§ڻ
÷£ʦ֣Ҳ࣬ô꣬Ͽˡ

һ̾Ŀᡣ
ʦ𡣡ã÷Ʒֱ¶һ˿˸Уɱԡ
ʦ֣ʦ𵽵ôģǲǱɱģ÷Ҳ̧ͷʵ
Ҳ֪
ۿЦұ˻󱻷ڹʦչصڣʱͷʦ죬ȻƱһȺ˽ˡ
÷ŭ⣬Ȼǹ⹷ɱʦȻ޻ʦ֡
Ρ
վдǻ۵ģȻھУѣ޷Ԫѣôпɱʦı
÷һʵʦ֣ѵƱһʥ
ܡ
ʥ׷ĻȥɱʦֻҪʥʦҲġ
ʦ򵽵ʲô
ĿᶨʦҶɽ֮һʵࡣ
ʦ֣ǿ԰ַȥ飬ͨһԲġ
ǿһЦ÷ƵͷɵѾͷӾѾ˼ɻ䣬ôܹȻȥ¡
ǡ
̾˵ǹʥκιǾͿʦ򡣡
ҲŬġ
ţʦãԺҾ̫ɽˣԸңۿ÷ƣޡ
÷ЦЦʦ֣һӣҶ뿪ˡ
ӵһɲע˰ײ롣

̫ɽٴλعƽ
׾֮λǵ˽ڴӦЭٴ̫ͬɽ
ڵﱻϸ򵥣һƻɽ׳һָʥƵ׾κĵ
ﱻ٣¿ٳµĵ֮֮ǰеΪɢˣֻܴͷ
ڣֻ޽ѡ
ŷḻľ飬ֻʱ⡣
֡һٲǰ״Զ÷Щɬ뿪۵ļȻЦЦ뿪ˡ
ӡۼ
Ǻǣֲþ񡣡
ڲƺϣЦʵ̫ɽЩоΣﲻԷɡ
̫ɽҸоȻûκεĹĶǣԴԵ
ҽάϵĿеԴϣ̫ɽ䡣Զ̾
һ˸ӢۺΪЧ̫ɽҺͰٴҲܸˡ
΢΢һЦ˵Է飬ôǰҲȻɡ
š
һ˿ɱʦһʦɽҲʦòס
㡣ļ
ҲԼҲЦһתֵ٩ҸŹӵʵֻҪӵΪ㹻ߣͲڹ֮ڣԹԷ¡
ҪȶĹǺε֮£ֻмʸɡ
ȻͷһӢۣȻʸ񡣡
һӢ۵ļӢۣڶǰѾΪǵ񻰡
ಡ
ԶЦ⣺ӣˣƽڽ𽣷д
Ŷ
ɫһϲСˡ
ʱ࣬׻еСˣҲ֪ȥСΪˡ
֣ȥһ˽𽣷档
㡣΢ЦӲԵ޹ɣӦҪ빫̡
ҲЦɣҲСû£Һȼˡ

𽣴
һϮɫ׿ȺĹӣһƮϢ·ʱ뵽֮С
̸²нš
̵֪ˣȻᰵ̾һһӣ֪ϸ˶
СʲôУܶ˶
Ӳ֮СС;Ϳڴ٣ұġ΢Ц
ƽ̹ˡЦǺܵ

һЦ⴫Ȼɹڴ٣̫ƽ


290 ԭʼ
лɫβס˷ܺͼ
ڹõֵܣһ࣬ȷ
һϲҲ¶֮ɫһЦ¶ԣףСˡ
һܱԷһȭ
ϣ࣬ڰˣٶǹģϾҪԽˡ
ŴУӵķ緶Ȼ޴棬һͰ裬ıԡ
ɫãߵǿһǿԼѾʿˣҪܵС
ʲôҶڵĿȳΪʥˣȻ龳򡣡
΢ЦԼӵʣ˵е龳ѡ
ô
ЦҲôá
׷ۣûǫһЩɣһʥ߶һָͷ㡣
С
磬ڿйǼδļݺܲһ㣬𽣶Դ
֮⣬мλλ̫ϳϳϯ˼ӡ
ȻóϯᣬǼӢˣͱӱչ߳ӭӡ
ʵϣǽӭӼӢۣҲԲ
ƱյҲ˲پƣƣмӢ۵ˡ
ιǽ𽣶첻ֹΪ˲ԲȰɣӦû°ɣɨһۣ⡣
мλ¶Ľ֮ɫ
뼧δô磬̫ˣݱһƽ̶Ҫ
ȥ
ţ͵˶¾Ʊ¶֮ɫ
ʲôҲ΢΢һʵ
࣬Ϊﵽƿɣһõطܸ㣬Һֵһȥ
׺ɵؿôģ
ôҲֵܣк㣿һھƣŰ۵ǰЩ꣬Ǻͱ¹֣ھʼԴǲԶĵطһԭʼ򡣡
ԭʼ򣡡
ĸ־˶վͶˣ¶֮ɫ
֪ǻôʧ̬һôǼءں
͵˿ЦǻĹҵĵ̣ԴԴϵԴģʼԴϵԴ²Ĺһӻġ
ЩԿģĹлÿһĹҶŲֹһ
һԴΪһ޹ֺĹһԽԽǿ󣬵ɲ⡣
԰ˣǽ𽣶̫ˣûʲô棬Ҫһ򣿡Ц
͵˾㶼һ
Цɲҿ°벽ĹҶܿһǿأԴɴ̡
ߵǸȨΪҲУһĹҵĵ̣ȻƣҲôܼҰɡ
ЦЦ治ɵ
˵ɣʲô£
ھʼԴǼΪңԶǺ¹ҷһ򣬼ֵӦͦû㣬ܶ࣬пµ̫
ɫ¿ٵս¹Һͼһȥ׶ȡһȥɱһ
΢Цӿһж
ĺֵܣʲô鲻ԼҲ֪ǿԭʼ̺޾ıأһ˾ȥġ
¹ҺͼΪһ±Ȼ˺ܾãΪһճҲѹ
꼧ĻϲЦҾʦܶлˡ
ЦЦҺֵܣ˵л
Ǻǡ
ֻЦЦȷʵ˵ллֵֻ֣֮⣬ȴˡ
¹ҺǼңȥˣʵ
Ӧǧ˰ɣϾһҲҪ̫ǻȥ
ȥ
š
ҡϹҡҶһȥø߼һ
ЦǺԵô죿
û취ǻԵ£ҿٵǼҲвȥˣȴɵĸ߶֮⣬ǻ׬١ʼ磬ν˵
ʱ
ԽԽðɣǺ¹һСֻάʮ죬֮ٿʼԴǡ
һԥͣʦ֣Ҿ޷μŵĴˡ
ʹһӣ΢ЦȻʥӣǲμӴҲν̫ɽƺҲû׼μӰɡ
ţʥӵϯλҾûŷʦֶαȽϺáЦˣȻòμŴȣȫʱȥһ
ʱ䣬㹻ˣ
ɱܹɹڴ١


291 ˮ¥
޾̫أҺ¹ܷһԭʼǺܺˡ
ӼĻײѲ³һЩпࡣ
ÿһĹԶ򣬱Ȼǰ׹ۣ֪ɱ˶ˣܿһ
ǱȻǰ׹ɽѪɺӡ
ʿ磬ôĲпᣬǶԴɶԣΨ׷ġ
У
ûкԴǾ޷ȥÿһĻĹұ󣬱ȻѪ٣׹ɽ

״̫ɽ
֣ٴ󡣡
ҽҪȥҪܹ̫ɽͰˡ
ЦģҺͰٴ¶Ƚأʲôӡ
һЦǵҷģ֮㿪ɽҲʼչذɣҪӴ
š˵ͷ
ӣŴͲμ˰ɣʵ
μˣʦֵŷʦֶȻܼʥӣĪīǶ֡
׺ͼ̫ɽ졣
ڼĪڳأɹ׵죬ٶȲν죬һ֮ӲҲܿ
Ī㿴ѩƣúý̵һЩ֮ϣһʱѾܹԼˡ
ѩС󣬴Ƶ¶֮ɫЦʦİɣôڵС֮Ȼ۽ˡ
ĪϣٺٵһЦʦ֣ϵļ̫ӲˣСȸ㲻ϲ㡣
Īɫһڣʦ֮󣬿ôʰ㡣
Сѩƺţȫʦ֡
ϲСͷ˼һƬı˶֮ĳĹҡ
ۺͰٴõսľ
֮֮ǶɳΪʥָڹǷĲˡ
װźһк漧뿪𽣶졣
ߺ󲻾ãƻͺݺˤһӣԭŴѰ׵ĻϧԷô뿪ˣͲμŴȡ
ֹаͬɫɫĿ¡
ͬʱ
һɺΣյĸоС
׵ĳɳǿŽȷ̫ˣʮʹﵽڵĳɾͣٹ꣬׾ؿƽƽˡ
ʱǻúܼѡ
зɱͬʱָеΪѵܰɱײɣ
Ҳ˵ܲܳɹֻҪĸҸжǡ
ĳɳѾû赲ˡ

Ǿȥ𣿡ɳ𽣶ʵ
Ŵﵽ۷壬ȽҪ򣬴úܷҡͷ
ȥģ׼Ѿóһ鴫̨ɺʵ
Сӣ֪ˮ¥ôգգۣΪء
΢üͷЩȻλڱʢľ¥˵ǲɼˮɣǱʢ¥ô
ȥһ죬˳һᱱ꿡塣Ц
ˮܴߵʥ¥˭ҵĲҵôݳޡ
˶֪һͨͷâľ¥ľ޴Գһ磬֪¥˭󶼲²ĳĹҵĲҵ򲻻ôݳޡ
¹ҵĲҵ
һ߾꣬˵ǰ¹ҵһλСͻҪһԻ͵ľ¥ȻλС¹ҵ֮һʥͷ
׿ЦҲΨлĹҲôĲˮȥһ¥ֲֵ̫ˡ
䣡
񶨺꣬һ޴ĴУɢ貵⣬ޱȡ
ֱӴ͵Ҫܶȥ֧ţʵڲҪôֲ
߰ɣЩ˶Ȥģܴһܡе㼤Ħȭơ
ʼڶԴһȤûС
˿봫󣬾޴ĴʱɲǼʧӰ١

ȫͨһΪͬдʮĻĹңҲССɡ
ͨľͷһƬຮ֮أﳣѩǣΪ䣬ǻʿҲ粽С
׺ͼҪĵطǣǱϵĳǳ֮һޱȵķһǳؾǧվס
һİ֮⣬ʿƼɶﰲ˾ݵ㡣
Ǻܹϣλǧϵˮ¥
¥ɢ뵹âҹʱﶼʣʥࡢˮâҫء
ˢ
򿪣׺ͼ֮С
˿̣Ѿҹ
һɫϼĹУһѤõĵƻƵģƻãġ


292 ۽
ϣһ޴ĹشţɫϼɢĹâȷʵ𾪡
ôӾкǿҰɣҲǱһķ羰ˣ౱Ŀ嶼ᵽۻᡣ
׵ͷ̾ȷ׳ۣĹ֮һ
Ϊ¥¹һ˾޶ԴѾ׬ˣ겻֪жٺܽȥһپ㹻һСһĿˡ
һЦҹԳһ磬Ĺ󣬴濴ֻһʵֻĶ
߰ɣȻˣҲȥȱơ
Цһң
ûЦסݣôҲǼδļòã
ҿˣܸȣ۾һҵ裬һڿء
߰ɣ㣬ԺȡЦ
ҪƷˡЦȳշȥ
ԶһӰ̤նʱˮ¥Ҳв˴ɳ֡
ǵİѾֲ֣һЩ޸ҲȥȻƵļֵһ롣
ɵˮ¥ſʱҲԽ𺳡
ʵˮ˸ŹĹââۣһůĸоܻе
¥濴ǧɣʵռ伫󣬹㡣
һǴݺĶһ۶߼ʣصģƽ˸˲ʸȥ
˵㼫ݻκζҲޱߵ޸
Ů䵱ŮɣȥĿ˿ҪκһλŮơ˯˾ܾ
ɵ꿡żµĿ֡
¥ڴмʿأǵְȡƱѡ
ٽһλλ뽻ɡһλʿɫȻвмؿǡ
һڰ죬һһ죬˻Яٽ裿
Ҫǣ˺İȻǵһֵطصʿֱΪĳСɵĵӡ
ɫ΢䣬۾΢΢һо뷢ǺεݣȻ¶м
Ǳ׼竵ӣƽˣ޷ӡ
ٽ衣
ڼǰ棬ŷѡ
ٽ轻ȥ󣬼شŵʿʱ¶ЦݣɫеҲʧ
λӣ롣
ɫƣھһʱ٣ۿ˵ͣձӣҰ
شŵʿɫ΢䣬Ȼ⣬ҲΪ˼仰ͷ
ǼɫҲؿ˽ȥǶ¶΢Ц
мӣ
ˮ¥ĺ̨ǻĹ¹ҡ
ۣĺôѽؾŨһʥءһ¥ǰһ䣬ѾվһԲĶĴڡ
ޱߣǧɣݷ裬ԶһȺһ޴ʯϺȾ֡
˳ϣʮλСɰŮ
䣡
Զһ˴սѪɣ˴ӿ׹嶼ˡ
רŵȥɨսһ¶ȥѪζʱʧ١
ģǺõط۷Ź⣬Ҫˡ
ҲˣӦоУʿ׵г֮һܼĶڼˡ
ߣȥȼЦ
š
С֮󣬲һԺõĵط
Уһǧ̺ӣƺ͸ʳʵƷһѲǸط
¹⣬¥ȷֵҲ֪׬˶Ǯˡƣܡ
ܱĲҵҲֻлĹҲܿ𡣡׺ʹóǧǧɵĵطʱƣֻھ¥ں޹˼ɵ졣
ȥϢԻ˴ȥԷȻԷǮҲҪ㣬Ȼˡ
˲٣Զһǲİ˽Ӵܱơ
䣡
Զս˰Ȼ˶óʥȻȼߣôҲʥ
ʥƺƵ˹
Ҳ޷רսĵطԲǧɣй󷨼ӳ֣սᲨκˡ
ۣ
գһˣͬʥҲԷߣⳡսŽ
٣ֿˣɱЩǷҵĵӣȻŵӣôҲǷҵˡֻ
ʲô
˷һϹҵĸֳ֣ʥôϹŵӵٮٮߣǰЩ걻ʹһƷʥʱпܳΪŵӡ


293 
׺ͼȻ˺žƣȤؿһսò񫡣
òѽҲûпùȥǿ֣߳ҲǱһ۸ϾôƱҡͷɫź
ױҲǲֵˣϱչ࣬ҲеСԱЦˣģҾһỹýŴ򡣡
ɣԽԽãŹ񫡣
ΪȻ˺žƣŴͷſĺϷ
䣡
Ƭ̣һǿϢʥת׺ͼһȻ¶Цݡ
ˡ
һ˶Ӱ߽ɫ˫絶âǰȥ
кϷˣǷҵĺʥӷ֣ǱһٮٮߣǷʸսʥӵ֡˾ϳ˷֡
һֻ꣬ʱһŶеİĮĿһеĽ
׺ͼҲ֪ȻĮĻȣǶԴѸһƬ൨
ڶʯʢȻʶãѾֵ꣬һֿѡ
ϹҴɱǷҵĵӣĮһƵĳ˹ȥ
սָϹȵ
٣ֻǰķɡЦ
״ԴˣһֱܰҪǿˡ

񷭸ۣʵȥæ𣿡
ϹܲѣֻһƷʥԼܸĶ΢΢һЦ
ֻǲЩĿѾﵽ벽Ԫ磬ʼԴҲһλ˽ܡ
ݴҲҪѡʥӣֻǷһʥӵѡ
֣
Ϲɫһ䣬Щӡ
Щڱ죬ǰǰһŭɱһλư벽ԪʿѾΪµĿ֮һഫʥӶܼɵ
ϹţҲֳ֡
Įָȵ
˻ȻЩ꾭˲ٴսڱݣѰʿĸ֡
Ϲɫ󣬺ȵ֣ҪΪԼ޵ˣϹ껹ϾҪˣһֻ־ѹ㡣
ЦҾͻһս֤ͨ
Ϲɫ䡣
ս֤ܹͨ󣬹һսĹȥս֡
Ҳֻ̣ܿϢʱ䣬Ϣ֮ڴԷô㲻ٶ֡
ֻǰа̵ʱɱϹܡ˾
ϹʲôͳƲǱĿ壬ϹҵŵӶѡ
˵ഫϹʥϹ껹ϵܲ˼ǿս
ҲǷֵĶ֣۱ӮֵģҲô˶ѡ
ּϹ¶⣬Цһһսơ
䣡
δ䣬һ˾㤣ѵϢӴ⴫һֺαΪһŵӣ붯漸Уǡ
һΰӰ̤һϺصϢһϮ£һǿϢ·ǳܱѹơ
ģȻƲ죬Щѻ
˭ʵ
ߵ˭ĴˣϹҵϹ껣Ϲҵʥӡ
ϹңǱĻĹż壬ϹС֮Ϊţ벽Ԫ۷壬ʵǿƥ
ĵʱȫȻ
Ϲ껣Ȼˣ˵չʮԪԲ򡣡
ԪôͻƵģѣܴﵽڵΪŽ񺱼
Ҫˡ̾Ϣ
ǰ
˵ͷʾͬ⣺Ϲǰǰ벽ԪֻһţΪǿᣬֿ²Ƕ֡
ʥӡ
Ϲ֮ɫæɹȥ
ֹ˶λվ׷׹ȥк
Ǳһľǿ֮һڱʢĺһһĴڡ
ϹЦݣһЩ˼Ϲ˵ܺãûϹҵ磬¡
ǣʥӡϹܼܺҺøղûзѾϹˡ
ϹԶķ֣¶һ˿ЦݣֺôĻһ
ϹִǰֿźȻϹΪϹܳͷǾ͹ɡ޾壬ڷ裬Ŀ
ϹЦҡͷ㲻ҵĶ֡
һս֪
ϹЦţǺãھȥ㡣
Ƶ·˵һ΢С¶ѣԽ̬ȣԽ˾㤡
Ҳ¶һ˿ŭݣȵս޻˵Ϲִͽ̡


294 ౱
ϹһرʣʼմŵЦݣûһ˿̻֮ʵޱȵǿĿɢȫӷֵơ
һµĶ֡״
ĿⲻƣЦӶ粻ˣһΪ޵еӣһᡣ
΢΢һЦȷʵҲнʱ۹Ҳһλ˽ܣҵδǶ֡
ǿɲһ񲻷ҿһ죬ѧ˼üܴͨ۴С
ЦЦͻȻӷ̺ĿⶸȻһ˲÷Ϲ껿ȥ
Сӣʲô񾪺
ȭ
΢΢һЦֲǴ˶֣ҲӲ
ĦȭƣһЦ֣ܴϹ껴ޡ
ûд䲻ȴҲȥԶɲǼɲĿ
ĻСӣҪôϹҵʥӶҳ衣
ϾɫƺȵҰСӣ֪ߵغСĻӿڳ
ߣָĸСɵĵӣһ͸ҴԲѣһֻ־ѹ
ҶϹʥӲһʰͽϹ껵ʿЦż
һһȺЩ漴عһͻģղЩ׳ҵģƷǵء
ʱҲ׺ͼĮ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫż˷ܡ
Ҳ뵽ʱô껹ܼλֵܣǾȻҲ
ˣ
ֲԼֵܱ䳰ȷһŭ𣬴˵ĸɺҵֵܣҲΪô
áʱСࡣ
ЩͽϹ껲٣ҲԸ֣ⶼǱ˭ﲻ
ϹҲһۼףɫһƽֻЦЦ֣þò
һ֣˶վȫ¶֮ɫеɵй۲켧
ϹôΪǱȻ򼧼ҵĵӣݱȻ͡
򼧼ңڱͬͬǵɲĻĹңҵмӢ
꼧Ӣսͱֱʮ꣬¼Ӱ졣
ڱһЩᵽӢʱ̲ס
Ӣۣ
ѾΪһŵĴ档
Ǻǣԭˮ¥˹ͣλǼӼҲǼҼȶһμϹ΢΢һЦ˼ݡ

Ȼάһλ벽Ԫʿ΢΢һ䣬ĵ뿪ˡ
ҵ٣¹ұ밲ҪӴ
Ϊ¹ҺͼڻǺϵҼ̫ˣǼӣǼӢ۵Ķӡ
ƾӢ֣ҲԽӴ
ԭǼҵӣҲˣһΪѣҡ˰
Ҫ˵Ǻɲ壬ԵʣʵսСӡ
ȷһЩǲܰȼһ۴֪Žô
һ˵ἰס
򱻴Ž壿˵һܿͨİ벽Ԫ⴫̫ˡ˲ţЦ
ŽΪһ壬ɲǲţս֮ǿܳκǹǸῡǿľ֡һλмʶʿһͷϣһߺžƣͬʱ˵
սм٣ȷһֲܿˡҲ׵ս̾Ϣһ
ֺͼ¶ŹֵЦݡ
Щ۵Žڴڣֻϲˡ

ӷ̺ɳϹ껶漸ʮ⣬ЦϹֽ֣
ţҴֻǴӦҪ󡣡ϹЦƵ
ɫһ䣬ߵϹּȻôаգһս
áϹ껵ͷֶԼֲֹɣ
Ϊʲô᣿
գ۾һȻģǺѣϰͬˣ˶Ը㣬Ϲ𣿡
û
ϹЦЦֻȴһ˿ɫǰºͣҳûأ˼֣벻Ҫ֡
䣡
ٿȻ䣬һ绢ϢҡϣɫѪߴǧɣɽƵĿ²ܡ
״ӷ̺һǽɫѪɢԳǿս
˭ڰѣôϵôˣҶ޷ˡһλʿ¶֮ɫ
ɫѪŲʿ⡭ѵŽô
һɫһһڵࡣ


295 һս
Ž壡
ĸ˵֮ȫȻ˵Ŀⶼ׿ȥ
Ҫ˵ЩļˣױŽǰ壬һʱ䲻ˣһԾΪµ֮һ˫뿪Ტۡ
նڽλʥӣһսλƵģ˹ǡ
ֹ𶼸еһѹֱΪ׽̤۷
мʶˣףЩ˴ѾˣǺܺõ֤
򣬶ʱˮ¥Ȼ󲨡
Ľ壿ȻᣬͻһꡣмλҹۼһĿŹ⡣
봫һѪ·ܷһУѾڰ죬ٶֲ̫ˡ
֪֮ǰײǸ̤ڶѣ겻Ȼڰ죬ٶ˾㤣ò̾Ž岻ǹŽһս塣
֣֡
¶Цݣսɳܱһ
Сܲ⻹ʮأѾ벽Ԫˣٶ̫ˡЦ
΢Ц˵ǵõһЩЩȽƴ˼Ӳ̣ΪԾˡ
׺ͼǰֲҪǫ飬Դ⣬һ˿˿ƿˡ
ٶҲ񲻸ʾӦһ䡣
ֻЦ˵
Ϲ껣λֵˣûʱܣԺʱ̰ɡֻͷһϹ껣ֱĮȻ
Ϲ΢΢һЦĿΪؿףֹȻһ㣬ҿ۽硣
΢üͷûг
ѾûˣϹܶ˵úԶǼλ֮Ľ˿һϷԣ廰Ƿ˴ɻ䡣
Ϲֿˣ˵Ϲִҵü鴫ЦѪһλɾ꣬ȫûһ˿ԾصϢ
˵սˣŭնڽ̼λʥӣսϹ˫˸ĪĹâ΢Ц
˶ӡ
Ϲ⻰ʲô˼оǵҪ죬Ӧָ
Ϲ껣ǻҪȥȾƣ˵ʲô˵ɣûôʱϹüͺȵ
Χ˶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ǼҵӲ٣˶ѣԱһλ˵кܲ
Ϲ껵ҲŭֻǵʮǰһС
üͷʱһš
ѣЩ⣬Һý𻢷ܲһԼȴˡ
Ϲ٩٩ԣ׵˵ĿҲ
Χۼˣھ۾Ϲ껵Ĺ¡
Ĺϵһǰ˰ֵ֮ܣѵ֮Ϲס
ΧȻ
ڽʥӽ𻢾ȻϹ껹ϵôãһܣȻܶҲ֮
ԣɱ˽ڽ̼ʥӣΪж޲ó֮졣
Ϲֹô˵Ϊ𻢳Ľ嶯ˡ
ĵˣҵĵˡ
䣡
һ˾㤵ϢϹͷųޱȵĿºǿĿ絶â£ס
Ȼǽ𻢵ĵˣֱˣǾûʲô˵ģһսϹĮԼȷɵս

ȫȻ˭Ҳûϵᷢı仯Ϲ껾ȻҪĽսǺ䶯Ե顣
ǿƣѾ˶ţɲһʮʿϹ껵Ķ֡
Ϲ֮ʣЩܴսͬԻͣйһѹһɵĿս
ɫͬĮǷ֣ߵһսôԡ
ϹڰУڷ裬ϵϢ츲صı仯ʵıƵģޱȡ
䣡
һµϢֱܱǧ硣
ɫĮȵüһȽףҲһս
ģ̫ˡŭӾ֡
ֹλҪֵľٶԼǰһߣɫƽ𻢳֣
Ҫɱ㣬ҲʧΪֵܲΪһٶѡϹĿдǿҵš
ã
ЦЦҸᣡ
䣡
һɫѪһ̤ս
Ϲ䣬ԽĮȻѾ㴫̫ˣվĲ񻰡
ġ
Զһɫ΢Щġ
ͬɫ䣬һʱҪֵӡ


296 ʽ
ֲϢܣ׺ϹУһɫѪһˮɫѪ
ɫ㶼䣬ȫǿҵġ
սϹ껣
Ϣ˲䴫ˮ¥ĹͶв߳Ҫս
һӰԶ粨һͷư㷢
С¹誡
Ůӵĳ֣ò˲Ŀ¹ҵһλǧŶصϣһƵģסκ˵Ŀ⡣
¹誳Ľë΢΢ţ΢΢Щɫһ˿ʣս롣
ּ¹誳֣ɫ΢΢һһ˿΢ɲ֮ɫ˫תָֻ糣
ӴСͦƯģ˭ֺܽλֵɫ죬ʱȤʵ
ѵ¶һ˿˼֪񿴳쳣εش¹С¹誣¹ҵһλСĸĸ¹ҵǿߣڱʢ
ŶһȻһЦڷݺһײüС˵۹⡣
˵һ죬
¹֮⣬вȻˣǱһĸ֣Ŀһս
٣Ҳˡֿһ׳ӰԶʱ¶һ˿Ц
Ķ֣
һǺʥӣЩҵĶִ֡
䣡
һȻϢò˷׷׹
һλɫУڷ٣亮ǣͷųһɴʯµϢ
ڿ̣ڼҵʥӾȻˡ˾ͬʱ˱Զľ룬в¶⡣
ڿ̣ڼҵʥӣǱµ֮һԲпᡢĮɱ顣ֽ͵
¶һ˿أ˵ұǱܵģȻЩŵ
һֻԪˣϹ껵˵ǿУû뵽ҲȾơ
ڿ̵ĳ֣һɧת˲֮˵Ŀֿ޴ս
Ϊսʼˣ
׺ڷ裬ޱߵĽɫѪҪսһ˿˿ƣнƿ
ڰѽȻҽаϹʥӣĽֱ
ϵϢܿ£ѾѰİ벽ԪʸϹʥӶ󡣡
սԺգһܣ¿ۣҪϹ껸ɱˡҲ̾ϢΪٸװʱ䣬ϹҲδǶ֡
¹誡ڿ̡Ŀ߳ܣһĿ⿴
˵ôǽȻһ˶۸
ףǸҽտԲ׷𻢰ɡϹ껳ԣĿ
΢΢һЦҵԸ˽⣬֮һսһҴӲЭձ㾡һս
֮ڣҷ㵤Ϲ껳Хͷڷ裬һսƵġ
ģԲѡЦǲм
΢Щģ񷴶ٺһЦļ˵İɣСЩܴ󡣡
ĬĬصͷѾˣһ׳Σͻȥˡ

䣡
սϡ
Цһһ޴Ľ֣ХƵϹնȥ
ޣѾѡ֮֡Բ磬ʮŵɾ޴Ľ󣬿ӿ
Χֵȫɫһ䣬¹誺ڿ̶¶֮ɫ
˶ǰ벽Ԫʿ֪ǷȻй赲˴󲿷ϢҲȻֵ֮ܲĿֲ
壬Щŵ¹˵
ڿɫ仯Ȼ֪ʲô

ֺХž޴ƿһ¹⡢翪ٵһŭն
ЩѾһ޴ĽĽ䣬ɱϹ֡
һɫΪǷָǶ֣ʩչһУͻܱ
ɲǼ䣬ûס
𣡡
Ϲ껳Х绢ХɽִİһĳˮɫĴ죬סĽ
ֻˮɫĴƺɨһУ಻һݻ٣ĥ
ָǵأס콣⣬Ϲ껲Ϲʥӣս纣ӿ
ʱ
׶ˣɱҪ̵ʱѹϹ껡
ҽս
ϹŭХǾ޴ƺݺһģ˽Ҳ˹ȥ׼սһ
һƴƷ˿˿⣬Ӱ纣˲ͽС
ƣ
ֺͼ¶ޱ֮ɫ
У˸һ޴ĵߣһ㣬ζХһ˹ȥ
飡
޾壬ƴһ֣ŭһɨһеߡ


297 ˮ
飡
գۼ䣬˽ֱмʮУսϹ껵ȫҲӦ࣬û˿
䣡
һɽس֣ײϹ껡
˶ȥ㶼Ȼ
ʲôɽĽɵɽֱգն񷡣
𽣶ɽ֮ͦģǸɴвڹռһϯ֮أȷмŲͨ
˶ƵƵͷսܿ£ױȵĹڻĹһͨ

ϹһƴȻһڿڵĴӳˮɫһɽû
̶н
ͷֿӣʱЦ
ϹҲ֪ײӣùڻʩչϹҵһǿѧ
ˮת
Ϲǿľѧ֮һһ磬ûһСҡ
Ⲣͨˮ滹ԪʿʩչһӺХ޾ա
¡¡
ڿŰٿȻһתһӻŵס
ˮתʿ˺һܸʴıԴ֮ҪСġֳѵ
ϹڼԶôʲô壬Ϲǰ
ӿһͷһͷص·
ڣ·ˣ
˶ҡͷɫſϧ
Щôǿƣûйһܼ֪յϹ껡
Ϲ껱ϾǱµ֮һսֲħһЩư벽ԪʿҲ֮ΪС
Ҫ
ȥԮֹˡ
֣㡭־ɲ
΢΢һЦŵЦݣİɣˮתôκв
䣡
ɫأȫĵսȫ

ĵ޴Ľ󣬽һһһĽգڿУġ
󽣾
һˣ׾Ȼ󽣾ҲһҲ顣
ƣ
ŭȡ
ŭն£ضڲսļ̣󷨼ӳ֣һܴ֮¥
ʲô
ôܣЩÿֲŵˮҪնˡ
ǽ𽣶󽣾ףǶСˡ
սȫĳɹһչڱʿǰһĿ£һնûˮ
ֻˮûԷսĽһն顣
Զ
Ϲɫأ˫ĿһƬĹâ
׵ǿԤϣŵˮ޷Ӳƻˡ
һҡҡͷ¶һ˿Ц
Խ䣬ҲǶˡ΢΢һЦʲС
ʿѾˡ
ƣɣǵһᵽһսĿֲ
ڰΪսϹ껣Ҳ·磬սǺλãŽδС
䣡
еˮȫ𣬶׵Ҳʧɫ΢΢Щ԰ףͷһ˿顣
սȫĴҲǾ޴ģ꣬ϹǰҲûֵκαˣҪȫһս
ս¹ƽ
ƽĿעϹ껣ȫתķźľ
ղ˲䣬Ҫˡ
ǿҵԤϡϹɫһ˿ɭȻɱһš
׵ȻһЦҲǿҵ֮С
ߣ
ϹЦһ˾㤣ѵϢӿ緢Űޱ޼ʡ
Ҫ㣬ҪóһЩ汾ˡϹЦ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Զ¹誺ڿüͷ΢΢һͬϹսڴˣӦûк֡
ȣ
ٿȻ䣬Ϲŭȣڷ裬һˮ
ɫ䣬һеޱΣյϢ
Ϲһ͵ɫˮ
Ȼˮֹףô۹׿֮ɫһ䡣
ˮ֮
˾¶ޱ֮ɫ
ͷͬ𾪣ͬ¹誺ڿɫأɫˮܼɵ
ؼ䣬иĻҲиˮˮˮԪصļ¡
žƣǧˮ֮Ϩ̫
̫Ϩ𣬿ɼˮʼԴУʲôǿܹ۳ǧˮأ
ֻ¸߸ϵʥҲܣһǧˮԺˡ
ɫˮУ̺һ˿ˮ֮ѹ񷣬ҲԽһǿС
ϹȻˮıԵ۲һˮ֮ĻܸˮҲ׿Խʵ֡


298 
ˮˮԪصļ£ɳ֮֮ܲ
ǧˮأա
ϹȻû۳һˮ֮Ļ;ܸҲǳĿֲ
ˮϹ۶ɢڿУɢһʿеļµ
׵ɫ䣬ޱȵأչΣ
ֹڳɫڿ̺¹誣ȫɫӣĿ
ؼǿ֮һϹ껹д˵ˣܸˮ֮Ҳ̾ͬʱѾʼʱҪ֡
ˮֲ̫δܽһС
ѵ¶һ˿ȻͷӻСˣҲõģܸĶ
Ķô
пЦΪܵסһУֻҪһˮմƤϣ̼
ǰϹ뱱һ벽ĹҷףǸ̫ƻĹҡ
Ϲûãһλʥǿ߳ǸϿգſһӣӿȵĸȥ
ʲô󷨡ʲôɽ󶼲Уһȫݻ٣̼ǧӢ
һ̺ſµˮ֮
ȻǸɷˣΪ̫һ겻Ѿӱʧʷĳ

䣡
ϹһХǵˮŴ󣬻һ嫵ĴӣŰˡ
ⲻͬˮתɫĴֳ΢΢ɫˮ
Ϲɫ԰ףѪ˿
ӣһƥƵĳס
˼ѵϢңңȻкԼټ̣ǱˮʴֻɶȲˡ

һХǳ޴Ľƿգһͼʱס
ѣ
ϹЦӷҵн
ʱ׿ߣӡ¾ףϹδ׷ϣ֮
˫̫࣬׹ߣްڱ˴̫£һλʿڶսʱŵܣĻͷˡ
ӹŵǿߣһӲηҲӲս
Ŀ㣬ڷ裬ȫĵ˻ľ޴ǹĶ޹Ƶģܡ
ǿ
սǿģӹŽǿƣһĽȻûȱʧҲ̾
¹ĿһתǾǵƺ˸һ˿ʡ
ڿɫĮȻ˫΢΢ţһ˿޵Ц
䣡
սȫһХܷ·˺ѳգһɽӱֳѹӡ
һɽ֮ɣһɽϮԴԴϵĽݺᣬܲ˰գסˮĽ
ߣ
ϹЦٴתȵؿźˮ֮Ĵӣǰƽ
ʱ岻Զ
˺ѼϢȫʼѡ
ʵϣˮʱǵµϢѾսй󷨼ӳ֣˶Ҫˮ֮Ĺ
ףձ㣡
Ϲ껴ҲȫһھѪ뵽޴Ĵڡ
䣡
һеĽһٲҪ׸ȫɣ
ۣ
ͬһھѪ߾ȫתķѣѪٳߡ
񷣡
ѵ³֡
䣡
һĽһӡ嫡⳾ǧһĽڳ
һɫ֮ǰɫȻͬ
ȻɫĽȴɢɽ֮ҪֲǧٱϢ纣ֲħ
һƲ񷣬񽣣
˾Ȼ˵𽣶Ϊǿս֮һ񽣣
ǽ𽣶ǿ֮ͨһɴʼǲݺǵĴͨ
һɫĽ֣ҡǧɣɫҰףȫۼҪˡ
ת˾ѪǿʩչһУżĸá̾Ϣҡͷ
ЦЦ޷Сɾ˶˵⡣
ɫһѹԵϢסˮ֮
Ϲɫ΢䣬ûϵͷ׻к֣Ȼʩչһͨ
ҲУ𣡡
Ϲ껴һǺƵĴס
񷽣һƲ񷣡
ͬѪߣȫѪһִǲҪĴ򷨣˶ݡ
̫ˣƴҲҪӲϹ껣Žҿ۽ˡ
һĿԵסϹ껵ˮ֮ĿΣ뿴һսյĽ
ǿƣͣӡÿһУ
壬Ȼ


299 ʵ
䣡
ɫĽԵޱȣžɱһƵĺݺײһҴӡ
µཻޱȾ޴ĺ֮·նĥˡ
ֲĲȫ˿µϢ͸
ˣҲϡоǿײ໥ԷǾˡ
ۣ
ѣߵķ󵹷ɳȥѪգ𺳡
һסϹ껵Ľ
Ϲ껵ɣͬƺһȫڱѣ΢ɫѪҺͬա
ͬʱˣ
Ľˡ
Ϲ껵ǿ֪һǿ󵽼𣬾ݴδһܣѾ벽ԪδǱܿ£ܳΪҲһ
Ȼôһλǿߣȴûսʤڰʿ
Žһսս죬ʿ֪Ȼӽտʼܴ鱱
䣬˭Сƽ壡
˭ң
ЩĿѾˡ̾ϢҡͷһЦ
ȻһЦ̬̫ˣñѹܴ󰡣ҲҪץˡ
СȻûֱӳԼףӱҲԿѾĬ׵ǿͿֲ
Զ¹誺ڿɫӣ׵ɳȥӰȫĬȻ
ǸܵѹӣǵһС
ˣŴͣŵĿһС
Ϲ껾Ȼսƽˣ
Ҳ̫췽ҹ̷˰ɣʵͰǰǿϹҲ޷״ס

䣡
׵ɳȥ˲䣬Ѿʼתķˣڴ¡¡죬Ƶġ
ͬʱ޴ҲܣԳǿ
һߣϹѾֹͣ˽ʳ˼öҩҲˡ
Ƭ̺
˼ɲǼӣ˫Ŀ⺮ⱬ䣬Է
Ϲ
Ըͬ˻⽫Ϲҵʥӳ״С
䣡
ȻʱһɺƺƵʥһλЦͻأسս
¹ҵʥڳˣⳡսٽŴ򣬷˲ɡ
ױɱ¹ҲʲôϹ껲Сı׸ɱˣ¹ҾѲ˸ϵˡ
Ӽ˭ɱдսƣһλʥԳ͡
¥˿ˣʱһ
֪ƨ˼ǰ¥ĸˣҲһλʥ
¹ҵŵӣʹҲֻŵӣλŵӱȽͣʥ
ˮ¥Ϊ¹籱ܣʵȨܴѾһĳϡ
ǰϹ껼Ҳ̫
ǰҲ
΢΢һЦ׵дһ޿ɺǣҪǴͲ̫ˣĳһӣվʹΣ
Ϲ껳˼
׷ЦЦȻǰ棬Ҳ񣿽һսʹ˽ɡ
ţȽɡ
Ϲɫ׿һۣĮȻʮ֮һȥս㱻ɱ
΢ЦʾĿɨȥǾʱʬɡ
ǿĿڿҲҲ̾һһһ̫ǿˣٹ꣬δ˵Ķ֡
Ľ壬ľ޵ܶˣҲŵܶˡ
ڰսϹ껣ֱλһսҾȻû·磬뱱һ콾սƽ
岻Сӣ
һۣŹǶСˡ

СӣڿѽϹ껶û취ˡ߹ȥһȭ
Ҳ߹΢Цֽһս𾪱һս½֪»˯þˡ
ЦЦߣȥȾơ
Ϲ껲ͬһȺ˴ӵţȥ˶Ĺ䡣
̺ϡ
ҸоϹ껲ûоȫڿѹԼʵʵһսҲǶ֡
ͷֶ΢΢һ
ûоȫˮ֮ʩչˣʵôЩš
۾ͷҵĸоϷĳɷָһЩչ¶ʵˡ
ˡĿһ
Ŷ
ϹϷϹϹϹҵĺʥӣдɲ⣬пܻвϹ껵ĵλֽ͵
ЦЦԼϹ껣Ʊ˵ֵط꣬ݡ
ãݡ˶Ʊ
ԶʥһͨƵģ˶֪һλԪĴܡ
Ǻǣһˮưɡ
ǰ
˶


300 
Ѿָƽһսת۱ڸǣȻ˶Ȥ
¹誺ڿ̶ûзعǸҪһŷ̺žƣĿⲻʱ׿ȥ
𲲻˼ʲô¥ϰ壬ԪʥһףѾӡ
ţȻģϡܿʱȻǼΪӢĿ塣
һĹŵԪǺ˲õʺ˶𲶼ܼɵ
ǿ߶Զ϶ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ȫʥ

΢΢һЦڷ̺һǣϸϾƣЦǰǰֹΪһˮưɡ
һЦϾҪʼһСᣬȤô
׺ͼãȻȴݣɫǰôһ˵ҲÿһεҪʼˡ
ܺ棬ʵôѵҪʲôö
ܴȻȲĶʯʢ䣬ˮ¥ÿһεᣬҲΪ¥ɫ֮һ˸μӣÿᶼ־䡣ЦŽ͡
ͷЦ˵һ˫ۣøⳡᣬȤԼô
۷Ź⣬æصͷѽϲˣСӣȤô
΢Цǰ룬һôܾϧγûǮֻܵһιˡ
Ǻǵ˵СҩҲõǵУӦܲļǮ
ھħȪõ𾪹ǵҩʹϱȻҲϣóһҩ
ЦЦɫǰ˵ЦˣǶɽҥʲôҩ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ѾȲˣǰǴȥɣǻҪٽ𣿡
ҡͷЦλСѣԺȵķҪʲôҪԼǮӴ
Ȼ
߰ɡ
뿪һ¥ڴͷһ￪Сڣ߽ȥ
뿪¹誡ڿ̵Ҳ뿪ͬȥμҪٿᡣ
һȺ콾ȥʱ
ĺлҪƣѵҪһλӢô̾Ϣ
޵е·ߣǿ缧Ӣ껹мľҹ۽ôţгԿͷһ졣
ߣҪôʮһսһս׶༪١ҲЦ
Ȼȫͷ
ڽʥӽл֮ˣŲҪԪˣһĳΪʥ½ҲС
ʥ֮½ϣⲢ˵˵ġ

ˮ¥
Ҫһ¥Ϊݻ֪жٸΪŨ̫ɽҲȲϴ˴
¥а׷ÿһ׷ޱȾ޴ֻ콾Ŀ˲á
סˣκҪֻҪ̫֣¹Ҷ쵽
ӵһ䷿ݵһЩСɵƽҲûʸס
ܿˣ׷ַЦȥˡ
ݻѽڼҵķ䶼ûôݻͷϴ֮󣬱׷䡣
ǧɴ϶Ƥë̳ɵĵ̺ڽ·ǳо֮á
Ƿ¹Ƥë̳ɵĵ̺һֺϡޣƤëоİĹЧȻݳޣƹÿһ־涼ۡ
ѪѾƣ̾
ЦϧЩʿûʲôô
ҺҵȲʲôʿЩýŰķʽõǿٺһЦһѾ¶ǡ
ϴ軻һ·߳ԱЦˣû뵽Ǽӻͦ뷨ġ
ҵںǲ˲棬Ƥơ
߰ɣ쿪ʼˡִߴ١
ߡ

ʮһȵ൱¡أͨ·ˣȫǴɵ콾
в˶׵ͷ΢Цʾ⣬ҲһƣǳӵĿ⡣
ܣ仰ӹڣЩǿߺܽʹսƽϹ껣ҲȻ˲ġ
Цװʲôĺӣ걱Ҳǵͷô
ΣЦһӢۣǧñͷҲһ˶ѡ
δҡЦ˲Ŀ⡣
Ƭ̺ںλ¡
ܴ󣬲ż䣬ľ㶼Ǳط콾Ѿһ䡣
ϣ˵ˡͷȻЦ


301 
ڣмʣȲ߽ޱŵ񣬴ǿϢ
ԩ·խѽҲȻˣ˼Ҳ̾Ϣ
ЦǳвףҶֺ멿ǽսͬˣһͬ֡
ͽˡ
Ц½̺;ɽׯˣĲƵƵ¡
״Ȥǣ
񷭸ֲۣҵǣ˵һʢ٣ɶڸɨǰѩ˭ôࡣ
Ҷ֡Լɽˡ
겻ѰҲøܾտ˫Ѿȫīɫ˸ĪĹ
Ŀһһݡ
Ͳϸһȥ֪˽ɵѰΣܴҪĵҩά壬ɽѾȫͶ½̺;ɽׯ
ҲΨʵԴԴṩҩ
ߣ
ʱҲ׵ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ͷʾ⣬멺һЦüżĵ⡣
׺һ˫ֲīɫ۾Ȼâ綾ƵĶ׿ۡ
СǷᣬҪҪһʾƿȥ
ЦûҪҴСִ˵ЩһֱûӮңѵʧܵ˷ɧô
󣬵㹻
ף
ŭȻһ
ˢ
˻ͷڴ𣬲ٱʿ¶Цһֵģ
ķͱûʲôϵЩѹƣǧǰӢ۴ֱ򣬳״˱档
ȻѾȥܾã콾Ȼܳӣֳһλ壬սƽϹ껡
ս̫λãñжһ׵Ŀ󶼲ǺѺá
ιеȺòãǿڱǿ˵ݣôҲɽʥӣҪ󳳴һԣ¶Цݡ
Цܱ䣺һգһѰ㡣
ʱ򡣡һЦ⡣
ڵѰˮƽȷֲܿѾ·ֶѰ裬ԶҲﲻ۷ġ
壬൱ţĿˣҲô磬ϣڱʵһЩ
ʱҶվһһλ˿ڣĮȻ絶žİ
ҶֳһЦ¶֮ɫ
׺ͼüͷһ壬˶ǿƹˣ˳֮⣬ʸ˵̣
ͬüͷȵͯСģҵѣҲϣ㲻Ҫ̫ˮ¥ͯ
ͯң
׺ͼʱȻֲôţھϹһս֮󻹸ҹȻƣԭͯҵĿ塣
ͯڱҲǾްƵĴɣǰ벽ĹңǧĻۣܿĹ֮С
ͯСͯҵʥӣΪҲﵽ벽ԪϹҲȻס
ôҼֵĲ֮࣬ǰ̫ڣ⼸ܲǿҵĶ֡
ͯСЦӵĿܺѣǱ򣬲򡣡
ģ
۾һУվˣӻǵһһŵģͯСĶ԰ɣӽã붯ִ㣬ϽҹԶһЩҪǰװǻƣ㻹ûǸʸ񡣡
ߣ
ͯСЦһɻɬϢͷųһħƵģޱǿ
۹ޱȱɭȻôѪôҲѵ㡣
䣡
δ䣬һɸΪǿϢ׺ȻһվɫѪҫ
죬
׵裬˿山ۣĮĿ纮Ƶģۡ
Ҳ£սһҷ㡣
ߣ
ͯСɫʥɢһս֮ҵ㡣
ǺǣλҪôնμһʢ䣬ϣĳһӡ
һӣһƺƵʥɢɢ˿еĻҩζ
ǰ
콾
΢ЦѾһλСѲĳһӰɣѾرսǶշһʱ֮
ͯСɫѿҲҲӣĿĿһףĬ뿪
ЦЦֵǰ֮
Ľ룬ٴƽϢһսλʥ߳裬콾󶼸ӡ
һű콾½һҲʼ
һ𲻹ǳ䵱ʦ
һλʥ߳䵱ʦҲ¹ҶĿء


302 
λ콾Ϥһ𣬲󲿷콾Զ˴˼ܼɵ
Դܿ㹻ǧˣֳֻһǧˣԶԻǺܿտġ
֣½̡ɽׯôͯһˣüͷ΢΢һЩ⡣
ЦЦ˵£ڸɶ໥ʢ٣˭Ҳ֪ᷢ¡
νһʢ٣ӸͲ£ֻĹŵķɣûʲô˵ġں
ЦǼӣǻĹңȻǲģɿɲһǱΪɵδǡ
ġƲ졣
׺ͼһЦ
竰̸ܼС̸չɾǶţ٣ĳעῼЩͷ۵⡣
λӢһϰ֣Ϊ̺˵·

䣡
Ż£һϮһλվ̨ϣ¶Цݡ
ӭλμˮ¥һεʢ䣬һʢѾȥ꣬ĳĻҲٶ˵ĹظλҲӦֳ֪ɲŶ
Ǻǡ
콾ЦǶǸɵ֮ӣϴ˭˲ɣ
ǺãεʦȻĳҷϻ˵λ͵һƷ
̺ϤѾ˰˽ʢ䣬˰ĹͣҲ¹׬˺ܶ࣬ÿһᣬ¹Ҷ׬ȡۺ
Ľܣ콾ʼ֣۸ԽԽߡ
׵˿ĽζȻ౦ģ˿۵Ĳࡣ
ʶѾһ⣬ĺر챦ʲôġ
ڼ͸ˣܣʲôòΪġ
һѾǰʱȥ˫ҲѾ֣һʥս
棬¡ؽЦмλòŮӺ߳
Ǽ˺һ߰׳İɫӣɫתǳء
ǣ
ͻȻĿһһվ
ôˣæʵ
һҪӻٶļǮҲҪ򡣡¶ϲ֮ɫܼ
׺ͷֶЩ⡣
һԼа׳ӲǶƷʥѣбҪôأ
ǶƷʥ񣬵ȻλҲܿóⲢֻһǧ˽еһأȻֻжƷʥܣȻһϳɹ⽫һϵķԽʥ

ȫȻ콾Ŀʱ
һϵϷֱ̫ջˣʥҪģԽʥķܾжôǿ˭ֻлĹҵĵ伮вмء
ԶʱһλǿƵķԽʥ˵ȫϳɹһ׵ķҸЩͱ򴳵Ѿӵٽء
С͵ܼٽһѾΪһʥҸ˵ͲһؾܿϷһܣһҪ
ԭˡ
׺ͷֶͷӢ۹Ȼд˵ˣȻѾеٽء
һ£ټƷʥһǽжôܣֲȫװɹ֮󣬽гԽʥܡ
İɣǰȫȡһ񡣡ЦЦüſġ
Цڷ˰ɣּȻˣ϶ûģǴ󸻺
ЦЦϵСӣлл
ôα֮õллôЦɫƶȲ֣̽һ̽顣
ҳƷʥƬ̺ͯСı㿪ʼۣ۾Ʒʥνƴ֡
ˡ
ɫһݣ˵ͯСĵĸڱĳַڵõϷѵҲ񣿡
Ӧˣ򲻻ƷȥһƷʥȻװֵһزǶƷʥѡ׵ͷ
۾һУЦǾͱһȲɡ
ЦЦ㾡֣ܳؼʱҰһѡ
Ǻֵܡ
Ʒʥ
Ϻۣ־Ʒʥ
౱콾Ȼ򼧼ڣλҵӰҪͯСĵ
ͯ뼧ȣкܴģͯδǶ֡
ͯСĵɫʱɡ
ߣ
һߣһɬϢɲǼɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ͯСѣءЩá
ͯС˲䱻ųһ亹Ϊڸղĸоһ޿ƥеͷ
ֻҪ춯̼ԼҪ
ʥ֮ɲ⣡


303 ɫɰ
ǰҷˡͯСǸȻɫȻ˿һۡ
Իȼȥ¶Цݣ˳ߵļ۸ô
Ʒʥ
ͯСٴκһ۸
˶ЦˣͯҲȷõһֲмͯСĲðƷʥȥ
ġ
һ䣬ߵӱȲ㻹治С
Цһȵʥһ
ȫʱȻ
ƷʥѣȻԸôʥб顣
ɲǼ䣬е콾ܲ²ҺͯӦöһֲм
콾ȫϣ뿴Ϸģʽ
ȻֵǶûʲôôԼҺͯ˵ȴı
Ҳ¶ЦݣҹȻƴ֣ôó˴ʥһһ¹Ҫ׬ˡ
ͯСĵɫ񱨳ĳ൱ԭΪֵô֣ۺϲͯҼʹҴҵҲȫǼҵĶ֡
˳ߵļ۸ô΢ЦĿȴͯСġ
ҲһʥһһǧĹҩͯС΢΢ԥϿڡ
ΣøѾĲмһһأװһʥ
һǧĹҩ˵ֵ̫üͷ΢΢һ壬ЦʵͯСʲôҩ
ຮ챯֥ͯСɫȻ˵
ʲô
ȻڱصãȻһζҩ
ͯҵĵ̹Ȼܲຮ֮صҩܸ㵽֣һζҩļֵһʥ
ຮ챯֥֮ضеҩһҩͨЧò󣬵ǶԪʿȴЧ
ĹЧӳʥԪһǧĿຮ챯֥ӳʥ˰Ԫ
һλʥӳ˰ԪԸıһλʥߵˣ˰ͻﵽʥ̶ٴλóõ
һҩļֵڴʥ
콾ȻͯΪȹҩóرͯҵҪԡ
ͯǵõٲмˣȻÿຮ챯֥һд⡣
ͯԭǰ벽ʥǿߣһǿرܶԿʥҲ˵
ʱͯҵʵǿ

ͯСıຮ챯֥󣬼һЩˬſؿףСӣҵƳˣϿûмֵǵĹҩ
ְǻЦֹ壬ȵġ
˹˵㣿ѽ
ҿ
ըëļһ磬ɴȥˣǲ֮أҲûʸء
̫СˣҼսˡҲǺЦڼҵɾȷΪˡ
û⡣
һЦֻҪǼɾǼղصߵͨҶԴڸ㡣
ЦЦһζҩָ߼
꣬¶Ц֮ɫ̫ˣͷϵԸл㡣
ҪϻˣΪЩӦõģ˵ҵȷвٱġ״Цں
ӹȻûϴֵܡ
վб콾Ŀⶼ˹ͯຮ챯֥óѵλŸĶô
ʵϣЩ֪ʶеıأĹҶҪˡ
ߣ
ͯСЦΪ񲻹װǻƣһҪˣ˭Ҳ
վ¶ЦݣӻҪӼô
ӣôӣôϷһ浽׵ģϣλͯʥӲҪŶ
ߣ
ͯСЦ˫Ŀɱʢ
΢ЦǼӻʲô䣿
ȻͯʥùҩȥҲ⣬˸ղǼʥ֮⣬óһɰˣɫɰаֵ꣬ôǰӦ֪
ʲô
ӣҲܵˣһɿµʥһţ˫Ŀâ
ֹҲȫ¶֮ɫ˶¶̰֮ɫ޲þΪС
ͯСĵɫ˲ˣɫɰ̱֮ȥĲź;
ɫɰ֮⣬÷ֱͨΪҩ
Ϲһλʦ׿˵ɫɰɵҩһ֣ҩ
˵䣬һֱÿԳϣκŶá


304 뿪¥
ɫɰж󣿡ʵ
ƴȻܷð꣬ɵ裬ôҲüλʥӳԪ˵úҲȡ
С治Ѱʦɫɰﶼܵõ̫ˣǿ䣬۹ǶС
΢΢һЦɫɰȻУһأѩٸһСɽƵɫɰֵֵȫװɹ
ƴСɫɰȷҩѾԶຮ챯֥̫࣬Ͳһġ
¶΢Цͷһʥɫɰ񣬻˳ߵļ۸ô
ˢ
˵ĿٴοͯСġ
ͯСɫһԲҶֵ˵ɫҲÿû뵽ѾȻǵĶ֡
񲻻ɫɰӦǽ׵ڳѰġҶ̾һ
ͯСĿһ֣Ͽ䣿ȰӮպͯһӱ
ɫΣЩʧ֣ͯҡûС
ͯСĶʱ¶֮ɫͬʱñĵĿ⿴һĺǣ˵Լܱȼ׵Ѱʦһ䶼ûС
ͯСĵĿ̼ͨ죬ҳĿٴγ׿ȥ
Ǳߣʤȯգ̸ЦƵĿһڣͯʥӣǽ棬ɲҪŶ
ߣ
ͯСߣ뿪
ЦЦԴӼóɫɰ֪֮ͯСĿ϶ˣ࣬Ҳʲô˶ӵеġ
Ǻãһ鼧С΢Ц˵

һΪһҲǵһˣصңӢҲ˵ˡ
СӣλҪлл㣬ûĳ֣ǾԲ򵽵ġϵ
ϻʲôֵһ˵ԺҪۣȥͶء
Цϰһܻӭ
ᣬ˾ͳ䵱˹ڣѹƷһʥҲûжġ
ٰĺܳɹ콾顣
ȥ̨ôʥɫɰһ񣬼ܼװָ
ЦǺǵظŴɫĿƬ˵ˮ¥Ĺд˿¥ӵһ׷Ҳ˽͸λġ
Ȼûл֮󣬱ò뿪ˡ
֣ǷҲ˲ȥôص׵ķ䣬ʵ
ЦȻңΪǿĺʥӣܻңֵֿ֮ܲԲսˡ
δܲսء
˽ε飬˵Ϊ˱˵ĳͻʱѡڵ㣬ǿֲܻһط
޷
ЦҵвҪģʱ䣬еʱһս
š
˴Ц
ɶ񣡡
һ伫ݻķڣͯС֮ɫײеϢ䷿ӣȫǱŰ֮
ڱȻҵӳһûгԹĿףǶ
ҶһԣŵغźƣԱЦˣŹˣ̵ֻ̫ͯ١
ߣ
ͯСߣ˫ĿɱԣǱ򣬲ҲҪţҲǺùġ
ڱǱˣú֮ǿ
Ҷ΢΢һЦײصĺʱһɱ׵ġ
ңͯСĴŴ
û⡣Ҷ΢Ц
ʱͯСĵ
һȺòŮֻһµ֣ɢ޾ջ

ͯСĻ֣ȺŮϵıʱ飬ʮѩ׵ǰ
Ҷ֣һô
Ǻǣûôߵ£ͯԼܰɡҶҡͷһЦת뿪
ͯСһƵģȺĹ

ڶ죬˳ͱ뿪ˮ¥ַؼ׼ȥһ¡
ȥˮ¥һҹҲȥˣݻһЩҲûʲôͬġ
ЦЦ˵ʲôȻɫһ¶Ȳ˼ɫǿ˹һ
ôܣɫ䣬Զȥ
ˣ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһȺŮնУԶȥɫװӡС֡
ǲ𹬵ˣѵʶˣʵ


305 ǰ
һȺŮݺؼ䣬ХƵĳԶȥɫȻ϶ص԰
ǲ𹬵ĵӣͬǱĴɣͯһΪ벽Ĺңʵǳǿ󣬴вֹһλʥ
֣ǵһѵʶ𹬵ĵӣ
ߡ
ЦĿһӱ÷ޱȣˣЩӵˡ
ʲô
һ׵ݣѾֻ֪׳ڰɽڴ֮ǰҶ̽
ԭΪ׻ľǰɽԭס񣬵ӢȴЦЦڰɽס
ԭ򣬼Ӣûж˵ҲĴ׵ĳ𾪵ǣ׵ĳȻһƬհףԼҵĵҲ޷̽
Һù׵Ϊˣѿ͸Ҳüһ
ҵĳˡЦҧгݵŮ˾Ȼû
Ůˣ
ʱȤΪԵʵʲôŮˣѵǵŮô
˵
׵һۣһЫĳŮˣӸʮǰˡ
ǻʲô¡ĦȭƣһҲĶԷǲ𹬵ĵӡ
ţȻˣĶԹһ˽ᡣһĿü临ӡ
Ф浣
ôҲûϵȻڱ򿴵Ф浣ڵϲԼŮˡ
ФȦף䣬ɽˣŮĳЫһ㣬ĺҴһƳ׾ͷҲѾ̤ĵ·
Ϊֻһѡ
֯ϵֵ֪ܲжټϣΪ˴ŭҲΪԼ׶ܷŹФ浡
ȻҲ֪Ф浵ԸöԷ֪ŮҲѾ˼Լ
߰ɣĶԹ˽ᣬҲͳոˡһĿ𽥱üᶨ
¡
ЦȻУûҪϧ񣬷ҲȱŮˣúöô㡣

Цһ䣬ȻŲӡ׷ȥ
ˣһ¡ٶҲҵԭĿռͨһ׳ƽˡ
칬Ⱥַɵúܿ죬գۼ뿪ǣһ޴ɽ
Һñ֮ǰĵͼɽǲ𹬵һݵ㣬꿪贫󣬴󲿷ĵӶǴز𹬡˵
ţ
ɫĮͷ˱˹ȥ
䣡
ǿͷųһƵĴȺ˵ǰ档
ɫѪڷ裬һ޵սƵģȻ
ʲôˣ
󵨣
Ȼҵ֮·
𹬵һȺһŷֲһڰΪʱŭſڴ
ģ˭أҲɹ
ʱ𹬵һװŮӿ׵ģǾȻޱȾ֣׸ղŵı鼫Ϊơ
ţһ˫¶ݶ飬̶Ц
ףû뵽㾹ȻҲûڰѣȻôмλʦֶʿ
ФЦ׵ĿԹ
ˣӵİΣյ磬ԼͲ֪˶ٴˡ
ںˣ˲£ʥӼΪϲʱձܷɻڴ绽꣬ҡ
ף㾹ȻûһФۣԭԵ÷ǳ
ߣˣȻûڣڡ
ҿ㵽ôˣ⾫տݼˣȷû
һļЦûǼ
Фʦã˭ĳôһλڵӳ԰οɫȻס
š
Ф浿ˣɱȫңͼҪǿңϣɽ£Ǵʦ־ңʮǰͱһѰ׹ˡ
ôԽԼһˡĵԶ룬վԶԶĲ׼κˡ
Ф浡
״ʱˣƽ˵컨׹֮ĶԹ˽ˡ
ߣ
һλ¶ЦȻФʦгǽվͱˡ
䣡
δ֣һȭݺƿնֳһ޴Ӱʨ棬ѹȸС

ɫĮȻƺݺȥ
ۣ
ʿҽһɳȥͬӰһͬ飬һɿµϢһţ
⡭ôܣ
˼鰡ڰѣôʦֵĶ֣
ѵףѵˮ¥Ϲ껴սô
ͻȻ𹬵һλɫΪ־壬ź


306 
䣡
仰·ȼ˻ҩͰȺ𹬵ӵϢȫңϲԼͬ¶ֲ֮ɫ
ףɱɱ̧ͷʹսϹ껣λ콾սƽ
ս죬һ˽Ķ֡
˲𹬵ĵ֮⣬ֻŵĵФ浣ȫǾͲš
⡭ôܣФ海ٶˣ㷢裬ħһ㣬¶־֮ɫ
Щ˵պգɱʢôҲϲȻʶס
ⲻܣФ浼УҪתӡ
Ф浣߲ġû׷ƽؿڡ
Ф浵ӰֹסɬûиܣȻ˾Ǵ˵еĽ壬ôҲȻ
壡
һλ𹬵ĵǿ̿־壬ȵҪôǵĴɩҶ֣
ΣһƽƵѪ죬ҫ˰ʣֲ纣һȺȫ־塣
һ֣
𹬵Ⱥŭȫһ֡
䣡
һʨľ޴ӰǱ󣬸Ҫֹ׶֡
ߣ
һ޴Ľֺգǧɨҵƿ֮һƬննƬ
ۣ
ۣ
Ⱥ˽ܣҲǲ֣ȴһжס޴ĽϮǴõɳȥѪ
գۼ䣬ֳֻʣ׺Ф浡
ֶԹһ˽ᡣ׿ϤףŻ
ֵܣҲǱȵģҲҪǣͬһطŹҰɡФ£ϧ
ǰװǻƣЩϵֵô죿Ҵŭʮĸô죿
ױȣɱԣԭΪѾȥû뵽ٻʮ꣬ձɱ㡣

Ф浾ִУ㲻ɱңɱңϣ㽫ûһˡ
ĹˣҪҲգĮȻָƼӿҪ֮е
ֵܣĲΪˣΪеʸûУһɡФ浾޵ĺġ
ԶƲ죬ߵһΪʲôŮԭҲһǡ
֣𣡡ױȣһӳҪФĥ
䣡
ٿȻ䣬ɽɢһµϢһֻǵضɢֲܣѹȥ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
𹬵ӴϲĴʦΪҵɱף
ϣǶˣһֵļһֹһȻԶһɡ
ֱЦټ֣СҲӦ
죬һɽƵѹֱӱɷ飬һ
һ֮ն޷ܡ

һ޴Ľҡϣնơ
˿̣һӰɽ߳ȫɢŵɫâģȻȴɢǿϢޱǿͿֲ
ڱҲ˸ҶҵŮˣ壬ǻˡһƵġ
һУͷ˳һԣθߴ󣬼Ŀ࣬ӵа벽ԪΪϢޱȵǿⱬ¶ɭȻɱ
Ф浿۳֣ʱ¶ϲһƬ̣Ǿˡ
ۿФʱĿЩͣģûܶ㡣
һǿӣϢԨϹ껲٣Ǳһ
һɺرϢ·ڲһͷƵģ˼Σյĸо
䣡
䣬޵ʨӰڱ֣Ϣѹÿռ䲻ȣŤ۵
ףĴû뵽ôͼˡżĽ䱸
սƽϹ껣Ȼ㹻ģҲòԴ
ЦЦÿɷ
ҲΪУФѾҵŮˣϣָһӣһ
Фɫһ䣬еѾɱˣôôһҪɱʳѰ
ž
ۻͷһƳФϣüͷҺ̸֮ʸ񡣡
㡭
Фɫ䣬Թ֮ɫһţžͱίЦݣȻôң
ԹۣһԲ
һƣˣֶԹһΣЦݣĮһǿϢϡ
֣ŮЫĳ¶֣ΪһŹôɫƽȻ
üͷһ壬˫âֵ˼ô


307 ʥ˳
ϣһѹֵϢͷ裬һһɽǿƥ
Ϊ𹬵ʥӣΪﵽۣһж֣ʱȻء
Ϊ֪ԷҲɱνΨҶʲô˶£𻢶
ڽ̵ĺʥӱɱ˺üˣִսϹ껣νһսﱱ
ФнⲻԭΪȥʱû뵽ڱȻˣĶԹ͸˽ˡ
۵˲ǲˣ
Ǹûɱ֮붫ˮ¥ȼ
ۣ
ԶɴЦСӣ̫޳ˣɱ˱ţ˺Ⱦơ
Ӱɣ

ţңʲôôҴһ£ϾҪսˡţһ
ұλΪУФ浼ȻҵŮˣҾαһ̾һսϱ纣ХŰա
䣡
ߣϯǧɸߣȻըһ޴ʨӰɢ嫵ܡ
ʨ治ǲ𹬵ʥӣѾɡ䡯һˡһЦĿҲء
۵ʨղЩ˵ĽȻͬ·һƵģһңԶĻĹڵ
Բ𹬵һƽ̲Ǵ࣬ԶѪҺ
Բġ䡱죬һ֮ףĪܡ
һֱûнΪĹңƺ滹һκܹĹ£ʵ֮ǿǹϡ
𣡡
ʨƺһ㣬ŤɲǼǧɴܲ˰ա
ͬʱ
ܵ糱ˮƵӿʨ棬Ӱӵľ޴ɲǼмʮﳤһ嫵Ļ棬Բʮնסˡ
գһʨ
һɿµĲأޱȵľ㤡

ҲûпһһĽֺգǧգĽͬܿ¡
Ҫսô㲻Ƕ֡
ҲЦʩչҵͨһӡ޴ʯг֣ЯŲ׹ŵϢ
ɫޱأһֽФԼеӶɨս֮⡣
Ҫս׺ͼˡ
𣡡
ʨͻ䣬һͷͷмʮɸߵʨ֣Ƶҧ
һʨôܼĹǰĲЦ
޴ʯѣʯһʯһͷͷʨײһ𣬷޴
¡¡
ձѹضڲգۼ伧붫ۼսһ
ȥɱФ浡ɫƽһ뿪ս
ң
ѣԮȥФ浡
Ƶסȥ·¶һڰЦˣѱӷҼȻѲˡ

䣡
һͷ޴İͷʨ֣аɴ󣬺ХƵĴȥ
ͨҲó׳㿴Ǽҵľѧ񲻾壬Ҹͨȵǣסۡ
׺ܷİѼ붫۶˵ۿƱ֮һҪսʤҲס
ǼĶ֡

ˢ
׽Ųӡգۼɽһ޴Ľһˡ
Ф浵˻ûд򿪴ȥһɷ׶ȫ¶֮ɫ
޹أ߰ɡ뿪Ф֮ķ벻ûй
ǰЩ𹬵ӶˣһȫɱȥټɽֻФˡ
ֵܡФľսعˣѵôģǲսĻ㶼ô
ɫһ䣬ȵʦΣԭΪִ˷Ӧͨ籨ţСǹ֮°ɣ
Фɫ֣׵ľѹ֮£˵ѶܣֻܲסĿͷҴˣŭϣҰɡ
סڣ
׺ĴŭȵҪ֣㲻䡣
Ф浾סĳֻһˣѾŵζ

һ޴Ľķɳһ׹նФ浡

Ф浴УǾͿ־塣
ǺǣСѺαظϾɱ
ʱһֻƴסһȻһգ޴Ľɢˡ
ͬʱһʥ޿ƥУ


308 
䣡
һɺƺƵʥɲǼ佫ɽסˣ纣Ϣޱǿûʲô赲
ɫһݣٴƵʮѾ÷ųʥսū׼
ʥΣëͷųʥ˼սūбǹҲвһʥߡ
ĳҲ֮УСѺһӰ߳һϮЦݡ
ǰ΢΢һüͷ
λͻأʥߣˮ¥𲣬ղžֵסױɱһ
ԶſڵϵФĿһϣæ˵ǰһСŮӸԸ̷ǰꡣ
𲳯Ф浿һۣ¶֮ɫӹ׵ŮӣλǰΪҪά
ұ졣ɫһָһ̹⽫Ф浴ΣȻ¶Цݿס
ǰǺ⣿
΢΢һЦСѸ̧һΣĳһ㱡棬Ů˾Ҵ߰ɡ
ûмŻش΢΢۾ǿһۻһԵФ浣Ȼ¶֮ɫ̾ʵǰʶ
Ӳʶҡͷ
Ǿǰ֣ЦЦƶ˵
ǰ
Ҳ̾ͻȻü临ӣĿ¶һ˿֮ɫĬƬ˵һλǰˮǧɽôͨңҾ´Ůӡ
ϲɫȴ󾪡
۱֮ΪǰĲ࣬ѾʥߣڹҲǸ߸ϵǿߡ
ղŵѿλǰǾ춯صǿߣλǰ
´һͿһŮˡ
ǿߣҲҪ벽ʥ
ǰ˼ҷһ۾һФ浡
Ҫš
΢΢һЦ֪СвҲ֪Ը䣬ޱȣƬ£ʱĵͷҲǱġ
ִ⶯أ
Цˣҡͷһ㣬Ҳ֪СѻǷҾҲδܱסŮ
ǡ
ɫȻɫҶСѵĸйٲϣСĳȰ棬ְɣ㣬ͬɶдѡ
ɫһ䡣
𲵭ȻһЦĳʣмҰлӹɣλǰ𽣶죬Ҳֻһѡ
ɫ粻ŻФ浣ʵģɫ࣬ҲڿЦ
ɱϵҲԥ
׵ԼһѣΪԼǣɣóǧԼȥ˵ʵ
ǰеǰǺηʥһѾ˾
˵
ҡͷࣺʱȥңӢ֪λǰġ
á
Ȼ˾ҲѶϣҲһФ浣Ȼ޷ɱʵ˺£гһΪɣһͬ𡣡
£ױһƬɽͷҲؾˡ
ȥıӰεҡҡͷ
ĿֿФ浣ٴ¶󣺡Ů˾ʲôܣ˼ҳ־£
΢΢̾һ׵ȷкøУҲ֪λǱˣҪ˵Ըλǰǧûκϣġ

ɽ棬ѾԶˣ񿴵׳ʱɹȥʵô˽ô
˾ˣأ̾Щġ
ƺ֪Ф浲Ҷƴʮд뿪ˣλ𹬵ʥӻ
ͬܰգĿһԸʲô׾
𲡣
һ
׵ͷѸղŵ˵һ飬λصǿʱ۾Ծ΢΢
֮Ҳסˣ𲶼ҵǿߣѵ¹ҵĳô
¹벻޹ϸ𣬶ҹϵ䲻ãôҲΪ𹬳ͷɡ
׵ͷֱң¹ҵĳϣ˿϶Ǳһλܡ
ð졣
ЦȻϰ֪֮ǷʼԴǣȥѯ¡
š
Сӣô죿
һЦﲢûκθʼЦһЩֺηФٶѡ
˵ˣҲ֪Ѿо޴Ф浵Ըܶ鷳
ҲգЩвĥ¼ҳΪԪʱڡĿᶨĬĬ˵
߰ɣ
ԶȥӦÿúˣǼҪ뿪Źˡ
ߡ
ʼҲЩĳȣһشת۵㡣
ʱ䣬Ϊʿ
ߡ䣡


309 ʼ
ӨѩҫĿۣ׺ͼһƬΡɽﱻѩǣһƵĺؼ䡣
̹ǵĺХܽһʿ׶
֮ʣĿຮ֮أﻹǿຮ֮صľͷΧ
˵ǱԵشҲһģ̫ˣԽѰʿɲǼ䶳
ǾѩɽָԶһƬΡɽ˵
߰ɡ
ˢ
˸շɵɽۣ֮мʮӰסǵȥ·ȫǰ벽ԪʿϢޱȵǿ
ѱ¹ãκ˲ҴΥ壡һ˳ԣĮ
ϣͦϵģóƣ˹ȥ
һϸ֮¶ЦݣҲúܿԭǼӺͽ壬еˣ
䣡
һĹͻأĳУһС磬Ҳǲĵط
λֵ࣬Ϊػʵס̤ŵ˲䣬˦ʮ޴衣
Ǯġ
ôϻȥЦһŰ߽ȥӰһԼҲ߽ȥ
⼸ʮ¹ʿűѩҪҫ۵裬¶֮ɫ
еĽ壬ô衣̾
磬ǡ
ҷ˰ɣȻô󷽣Ҳܾǧ֮꺺ЦЦָˡ

һƬС磬Ȼտûãһ֮ͷգûзУҲɥʧʱС
ѾˣһǿӰԶˣȺӵվԶɡ
ӡ
ӣ
׵ĵϾͱҵʿˡ
ҵһȺʿΧ˹׷״кһЩˣǰ벽Ԫʿ
ǧˣȫһľӢ״Կ˼ۣǴ󾪡
ǧһⶼʿв벽ԪҲϰλ
˾㤣׿Զ϶ֻǼ¶һʵѡ
϶ûĥ
Ĺҵĵ̵治ɲ⣬ɸûа취֮ȣ̫ˡ
ͬʱıҲ΢΢һЦһ󲿷ֹϵܺã裬һԵá
ȻҲвгһ档
ԶһȺĿޱ飬Ǽҵӣûйк¶⡣
Ϊ׵һλ࿡ʣĸߴˣĿżĵ⣬׺ͼһۡ
ߣ
һЦתͷȥаˣƵĽΧм䡣
ЦЦԼ˵Ǽɣλøܴ
ɫʱһڣıҲһ˼ҵĵλǰսһƴв䡣
Ŷ
Щ죺ˣ
ϻˣǰ벽ԪΪûӮ񷭸ۡ
һλС
Цٹ꣬һֻѹ
СüҵĵӶˣ󲿷˶¶Ŀ⣬Ҳв˰ҡͷΪ̫ˡ
ߵЩҵӣһȫŭݣеЦм
õܣҪˣϾҪԪˣҵĲԽԽԶ޷ԽҵġŤͷ΢Ц˵
ø磬ҲҪˣҲʮѾﵽˣҵ츳̫࣬ǵ۹ǲġٺһЦʾط
ߣ
ЦĿ˲ֱӣһж֤ѡˣҲǼδĽ
׳ա
øԷԼø磬ˡ
ɵĵҲˣǼң¹ҡҵ˿Цˡ
䣡
ʱ򣬾޴ˣ¹Һͼһ󷨴ʦ죬һ޴깤
һ޴뵵ĹâҫС磬޾֧С
һ޴Ĺų֣ǧɸߣ꣬ģĹű硣
оȻ
̤֮ǾҪȥһĥꡣ
䣬Ż˶̥ǣʵõٵ
û˻ܾΪɻΪ룬һʿǿϣ
һ˾ӢѾƴ׼ɱһĪ
ã
һ޼쳹С磺Ƿ룬ÿһǧˣʽʼꡣ


310 Զ
һǧɸߵĹŴСڣâ꣬ɢɫ⣬ҫء
һ˷ֳɼ룬һȺȺʿȥǰδ֪
Сӣټִ󺰡
һ̤󣬶һѣĸоȫ˵ľһѣΣжݵһ˲ɥʧ֪
ɥʧ֪ǰ˼
΢΢һЦҪ̤ʼԴǰһˣһеʢ缴Ļ
䣡
·ֻһ˲ַ·ǧԪһһӰֱֱĳ潵
ɲǼסԼΣһͷųƵѪУԷ͵Ϯ
ع֮һƬ嫵硣
ףѾһİ
ѰܿȥǧһƬƴԭʼɭ֣ԳغĪ⣬ǿϢơ
һƬ಻ɽһߣȥֻܿߵɽһ޴Умʮﳤ
ݡ
ʱһƿһͷ޴Żһ޴Ļǧɳ·ܷһС
ǿ壬ûκķֻƾűز˲𡣡
һͷԼаɴĹŽڵѪһ۲ӥѪӦһͷӽޡ
ͷޱԴ֮ʢκûֻܴͨﵽ벽ʥˡ
޴Ļϯȼ˰գƬĻƺܽձХƵ
飡
׳ȭӳ飬һִĽͷն롣
ɫȻһ䡣
һƽһͷͷ޴ɭǱ߷ɳмͷһ빥
ޱ߻գһƬ𺣶
ĺõط
սⰻȻ˷˳ȺС
Ⱥʵǿ󣬼ս죬Ҳܺˡ
ʱ󣬵ɢһʬ壬ԼҲһ˿˿Ѫӱպˡ
𣡡
׳Х޾ӿ۳ɼͷٻѨᴩȥ
ԡ֮Уͬʱ޸Լ塣
Ƭ̺󣬾ٴδﵽ۷״̬ͬʱӴָóһ׾װϡ
Ҳ֪񱻴͵ʲôط˵طԲֻһˡ׼ĿԶҲûзκǰʿ
Ҳãԭʼƺȫûб̤޾غޡ
ܹܿΪ
Сʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
һɽڿգչ֮
ǧڲһ󷨣Ϣֹͷֲ޷Լ
תսСս۽ǧΣɱ˲֪ǿޡ
ʵսˮƽﵽ۷壬ΪͻƵļʱ벽ڡ
ʮǰ˵һΰܱ֮Ĵܣһˡ
ڶһɽڣȻһͷֲ飬Զ
ɽ˴Ԩ룬һϡеĿʯʼԴѾˣʥѲϡ
׵ϲȥɣԨһͷʮߣһ˫ѩɫڡ
𣡡
һս⣬׵Ԥϣͷ˫鼫ֲֻʮоͰˣһͿأ˵üء
Ҫͷѷųһͷսūӳ졣
ӻɽķѣˣһҪ䡣
չʮ죬ƲȬͷսūȴٵˣѾʧȥϵ

൱ԣ˰ѾʧһͷʥսūҪµöࡣ
ϥɽڣϢ΢üͷ˼
ͷӦҲˣȻȥսūսūԱҲ
۾Ŀ䡣
Ҫͷ谭ҽ粽У޷߳ɽ
˼Ƭ̡
䣡
ĿⶸȻââ䣬һɰɽٶǿϢһš
ðһˣ
֮͵Ϯ֮ɱؽһսвͻдѡ
٣սҲϲֻв澳ҲſԸʵ
һԼĴָҩ裬Щõġ
Ȼûо䣬Ҳˡ
ս
Ϣ߳ɽתɾط߾ȫԼϢŲӡŶȥ
ͬʱ
˭Ҳûע⵽ңԶУһ֧Ӵ̫սӴ̫շɴƺƵĿ򡭡


311 ʷǿ
ʼԴǣһصСС
ģӰͻȻ֣ǵ֮⣬һӰֻǵһʶѡ
ȻһʶȴɢضϢµ㣬ƺܷ
Ǻǣ¹ȣȱϹڳˣǺþòѽһģӰɣߵնŤżǧռ䣬˴˼ɵ
ҲþòˣǵϴսһѾȥǧˡ
ǰǻᣬգǧȥǶѾˡ
㻹ûһô㱻龳żѾһǧ˰ɡһĮǷҵһλ棬ȱ
Ҳһұ˴˱˴ˡЦߵĿռ䷢صӰںһԵü졣
ǲô¹̧ͷϿȥ˫С磬ִʼԴǣǿǳ
һ֧ôûʲô˵ġЦ
ϵĽӣԽˡȱɫĮдһ˿ɱ⡣
ģ谭ǵľޣӢȥˡ΢΢һЦǿġ
Ӣۣ
¹Ⱥͷȱ϶¶ŹֵɫǸǵѾȵսһὫǲڽ¡
ƼЦϵЩ̫Цˣ˶ȫоνĿƼЦ
¹ɫˣǲСӣǵͬ貣ۡ
Ѿûˣǻ˼Ƭдͨ䣬ǼҵսɱȥˡЦ
κǵȥϵһɣ̽һ̽ǵĵơ
д⡣
ƣ
ڽ壬ô¹ĿһĿܴ͸š
꼻һֶѣ䡣ȱЦƺżĵ⡣
Ǻǡ΢Цδԡ
¹΢΢һЦĿͻȻùŹ֣˵ǼҪ壬ǿҪŶλǰԽܲ⡣
Σ
ȻһЦںǼѾ˵ˣǧ֮ܶԽ֣ǻԤ
治λǰŭ
ǼҴʮ꣬û¹˭ҪΪ龳޵УǼңСЦĿռ𣬶ƾɡ
ǳ棬֮󵱼ˣսϵһ¾˵ˣ֮硣ȱЦ޴ӰɲǼʧ
¹ȺͼҲЦЦ˵ʶҲʧƬС糹ױըޡ

һ֧ģӴ̫սӴƬС
ӵĹģܴǧҷɴǹƵĹһɳľ޴ɴ
ҷɴͨ˸ĪĽڵмΪҫۣ˸ܲ
ⲢһҴƼķɴǵƼĽ壬ļ̣޼᲻ݣʥ֮ܽ
ʻٶȺܿ죬ٵĳʻȥһ·ײʯ顣
޴ķɴڣмӰ
ɣ棬̫Ϊˣûоϻͬ⣬ԽĽӿİ򡣡
һλɫŭ
棬һӢֻ꣬ЦЦɣøαضŭҲΪ˼忼ǡ
˵ǿӵǼرǾͿԽߵΣʱɣҾͳϵ
ɣŭôƬǽأסһȺǿĿߡ
ΣɣҽӵĶôԸ⣬ʱƬ򡣡
Դġɣֶɣ棬ȥʻһСͷɴ뿪
ǿżģ֪ϵĽأΪƬһȺʿƾ˺ɴ棬һ㡣
УСЩϹŶȻҪȺϲ֪ɣǼĽ
ɣ¶мЦݣűеѾƣɭȻĿⶢſҵһһ¶һ˿Цݡ
˷ԶҪʤ
䣡
ȻʱһϵΨҶϢ棬һǿ鶼ҪսӰڽǰ
пʿУס˽ӡ¶Ȼææ
ʲô
ɣ󾪣ȻңĻ
ĻпĿһʤѩںڰУӴķɴСϣɢȴ飬סǧҷɴ
ɣ˿̲֪ΪʼԴǧǿˣѾǡ
ǸΪӢ۵ˣһˣ


312 ͵Ϯ
һˣһƬ졣
ս棬һ˾Ҫ³â˫˺ġ
ǿʿǿĿʿ
ɣ¶ޱ֮ɫǶôǿడƾͿУһ׶ûд
սӣɵ
ţ¶пЦݣʿΣż徫ǧսʿȫǿƥŻװһȭܴһСǳ
䣡
ɫսʿӷɴڷɳżӢȥһ͵ļܼĹ꣬ϯ˷
û˼
ӢҡͷһЦ˱ɫâƣݣĸߴƵġ
䡭
ǰһ죬һֻ޴ɢѲ񷣬Ϣǰ졣
£ȣԻ
ۣۣۣ
ЩϵΪĻսʿһֻ޴´籬ѣޡ
󣬾ٴαһСǳƵģץЩս
죬Ҳס棬ɢܣ纣ֲĪ鶼Ҫɵ
죬ޱ޼ʣɢϢСǳѣĳ
ʲô
ɣ󾪣żĻսʿ˲串¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
ʱףʿҪǿ̫ˡ
涴ߣɣУǺ
鷢ˣǧսȻ޷ƶˣ·һεסֲϢԶԶֻһֻϮԵء

飡
һս飬һ𣬽ɣľ޴սҲѳƬȫڡ
֧ӲʥսӢ۵һжֵסɲǼ𣬻ĳ
̫ˣϵˣ֮Ҿȥһɡ
Ӣһһ֧ϵ̫սӣʥͨ
ʥ
ֹǵˣڱøǿˣԽɲ⣬棬仹ûﵽ龳ҲԶˡ
ָʦ
һӢ۵ļӢַۣʽʼԴǵǿߣֻҪڣұ㲻ۡ

ಡ
֮ϣ׽ŲӡȫϢһƵĿһΡɽ
ɽŰɫΪ˴Ԩ룬һɽܷ
һȬΣյľ棬Ǵ˿Զǧڴ˴
ܷŹᣬΪƬɽĺһƬĺرôõĻܹͣ
ƴˡ
׺һϢķɽ
ɽȺɽԴ䣬һ޴ɽһһ·壬أʰɫĹ
ɽԨ룬ƾɽͿԻһǿʥһȥ
·мλãȫͿˣһ޴ڵɽǰ
ɽ棬һ׵󷨡
󷨲ûãֻʾһκ˴룬ڵͻ֪
ߡ
ƺߣһӣ󷨾ʧˣûоɽ˵
ĵķ˽ȥڸסȫϢ
Һɾ£ЩҲоϢķţʱͬһ磬κ˲
Ȼ
Ƭ̺ȻֹסŲѰǰȥ
֮⣬һͷˣ࣬һԳ򣬶ȫѩףȥЩ
ǰƵȷأȫԡѪе˿ڻûֹסѪ
ʥսūԱ޾ʥӿڣ纣ХһŰ壬Щʥôġ
ԨͷһĺɫڣֻɲǼ䣬Щʯͷ顣
ţкɫĿʯԶͷԨļ֮ƾͻԺһЩ
ٵˡ
۾һУ˲˾
䣡
һɫĽͻأĳͷݺն£ܵĿʱն룬ɽھҲ
𣡡
ǳнɫ˫ٿȻĿ⣬Ŀ⣬һХǽȻ˲顣
ɱ
һӰƵĳ˹ȥֳһ
ҲʥƷʥҲǼķ
Ϊ˶Ըǰͷ飬ʶȡһݺᣬɽп
һս
ײЩʯֳֳңָͷ飬ɳǧԶ
࣬
ŭ𣬷һ΢࣬Ҵˡ

ɫ˫΢΢񶯣˹ٶȿķ˼֮ضѩǣ¶ȼ罵͡


313 ѩ
䣡
ͷԶȻˣȻǿĿ£мΪȻͳ˫𣬴һ޴ı
ⷽԲϢѾຮ֮أˣԶһʿ
ı飬ݵƿ˺˿ռ䣬Х
飡
޾壬һȭһȭЩ飬Įߣһȭݺݺͷ­
ͬʱɽͷǧҪԷ
𡱣
һŭ𣬿ռز
ԶҪ£һ˫͸ŰɫȻָӲǧ
ۣ
ָƼƺ̺ޱ𣬶ɫĮضףȵҵأ򲻿塣
ʼԴǣ
һ޴Ľֳױ󣬶շ糵Ƶ˹ȥձնһѺۡ
飡
˫ͻȻ飬ɫë裬Źâǣһ˽ɫսǹ
ĿһݣͻȻ뵽һµĴ˵
˫߼Яѩ˫ɻûѵԶеĽѩˣ
ɫսǹһ֣΢΢Щؿףͳû뵽ϳңҾǽѩ塣
ԶڣǳԱκлҪءһĿ
Ǳô򵥡
ɣ
ѩ˳ХؼıѩԽŰѩ˲񷣬͸Ϣĺ⣬Ҫûס
Ҳʱһƾɣײס
ۣ
գûмʱܣ޴ıײں󱳣ǼܶɢˣһھѪ
ڵʿҲǰ
ѩ˴ɫĳǹڷ⣬˻һӰϮֹͨʩչ
׶ԣһУʥ֮¶֡
ϾԶ飬ǸʱľԶ壬ȻŷǱѰĿֲ
䣡
ɫǹĶ˷ѩ˻һ磬һഩ
֮յıܹȥ򲻿ɱĻһѪۣ˶ˡ
ǣ
˲䣬ͱɱ
飡
˲ѱ㣬žͿһ޴ĺɫϮ˹ȥǺɫԶһСɽϡ
һƳɽϣ仯Ƭ׵սľ
Ȼҵƣ
ѩɫĮٴ˹
䣡
Ҳô࣬Ķ߶ͷ񽣣ƺƵʥϢѩʼڻ
ʥʼ𽥼޿ƥеϢɢȥѩ
ߣ
ѩЦһХüѿĺеĽɫǹڡ
⡭
ױɫ˫ûĽɫǹڷʱ䣬Ҳʥһʥ
ֻǽѩĳͿԽʥ
ѩЦٴɱ
һս״ü֡
ԷԶ飬սǿͨʩչ˷ʤ
Ϊֲһƻӳռ䶼ķѣǴϿ֪
ҲԽսԽ£ȻܴҺõҩ輫࣬һսһˣǿ֮һս
䣡
޴ɭȻ֮ϡ
Ϊֻǽѩһԭٶȳġ
ۣ
ɫҰףѾȫû˵ˡ
ڻǱһƻˡ
䣡
ǿķѵĿºһ񽣷ɳһͽԷն롣
ģҪӡɫްŲӡ뿪
ߣ
ѩ˴ŭһںɫѪҺһս˸ǱԴǿҲˡ
ߣûôס
ѩ˫˸ɫɫǹһɫ˫չһɱ׷ȥ
һǰһٶȿķ˼
飡
װըʹѣһХתɾطؾӿȹơ
ɾ˵ٶȼ죬Ƭ̼ѾƵƳ⡣
䣡
ıֶ
飡
󽣾ʩչĵִĽɨһУѩ˵ĹΡ
ģͷһοٶܸᲢ۵ĹɫһڣŽ׷ѩˣΪΡ
Է˫һȣٶȲգۼͷɱһ·һ·ս
ѩˣ˿Ҳˡ
ԷٶȾȻܱǽѩһ壬̫˼ˣҶԷ룬֮ǰһϢգۼȬˡ
䣡
һƻӳһ˸ն飬ǷѪӿй
Сӣ߲ġԶѩ˷
׷˵״Цȥ


314 Զ
䣡
һ޴Ľգŭնȥͽѩ˵ն룬һǸ͵ƻӳڿһģķˡ
ˣ㶼׷ˣûꣿסƣ˼ŵҩˡ
ɱ㣬ҾݣһίأҸճҪɱңɶࡣ
󣬽ѩ˽׷ᣬһԽɫ˫չٶȿ÷˼
Ҫֵĺòã˵Ҳɱһͷսūŭ⡣
á
ѩ˴ЦСӣӲģᱻҸɵ
ɵˣ׷˵ɡҲЦŲӡһܵûӰˡ
ңݡѩ۴У׷ȥ
׷Ҹϣգ۾͹ȥ¡
תսǧһɱ˲ޣ谭ս鶼ˡ
ģеɱˣͦȤ
ѩȻҲǶˣֻһˣЩȻɱҲ˴ŭ֪顣
ԭѩ˸ոճãԶűӡڣûϵųûס
һս´
ЩġദеɱȻ޴棬ѩҲһ¶Цݡ
ιι۲۰׷°㻹ܣǶתսǧѩں溰С
ˣҺȵƣһٴͽսŤͷЦЦ
ð
䣡
һϮ
ɣͬһ񽣴ȥ̴һƬա
գ˻ͣӿһۣЦһеĶԹʧ
˵ͦҵθڣɱˡ
ɽۣһ𣬿żͷ˶Ұɽ򣬽ѩ˺׵ƣ¶֮ɫ
Ц˵󻰣ҲбֶΣ浽һ¹˭ֻһ
Ӵǲ
ϻһ֪ʲô˼״Ц
ģһһ࣬҆nѩǷˡѩ˷ۣߵ
nرϡ
ǽѩ˵ϣҽІnѩ죬ʶһ¡ѩЦЦࡣ
ףʼԴǡ
֣ҲԶˡnѩƲ죬ɫ˫Ѿջڣһͨûʲô
ЦЦһھʵôӦһԭʼɡ
Ҷˡ
nѩ췭ۣЩΣȻ͵ԶʱʼԴǲǱ˴սôսԶ壿
š׵ͷ
ʷȻ֪Զʱĩڣǿʢǿߣÿʮͳһλۣ彥ͳһʼԴǵ뷨
Զʱĩڣ½½սĹųڣ꣬峹׽Զˣ屻ʣ뿪ʼԴǣ֪١
ķ֮սԴӻĹųڿʼ忪ʼʼԴǣ嶼Ҫ֡
ʼԴǣѲԶӰʧʷĳУµֻл䡣
ҾڻĹʱڳģʱ̫ǿˣһЩС÷ӡͶŵ򡣡
ĺܲɣұһֱӡֱǰ÷ӡ֮ɢҲŴӻ
ôɣ׺ɡ
Ȼǡ
nѩҡͷ͵˵ʢ٣ǽѩһԷӡ֮ŻԶʧؼա
׺Ȼ뵽һܿµ⣬ɫжٱӡԶ壿
Ӧò̫٣Ҽǵ÷ӡ֮ǰмλǿǿ߽ҪϷӡǳǼʱӡʧ
Ͷˡ
ԭ֣ȻһԭʼΪδӻĹһֱûб֣ԭҲǱӡˡ
ôͲѲ³ȷһ㣬֪ӡ˶Զá
ԤģʼԴʿԶһѾĻˡ
طѾս죬ѡ
Զô֪һʢҲݳô
ǰ
nѩ̾ĿһǵʼԴս죬Զ忪ʼ˥ˡ
ʱʼԴ۹棬ȫ޿ƥеĴڣǸͲǶ֡
û취һǿĲ俪ʼ룬һսĲ䣬ˣ˲ء
Զǰ͵Գһ峤ֹͣսá
λ峤ȼݳʢĴȻͿʼ𣬽ǱСӡͶŵ򡣡
׵ͷԶŵ֪һЩ
ǿԶˣЩ۱干ǶʼԴд׵ġ
ǣʼԴǵֻѪʳ


315 б
Զʱ̫ˣ൱Ѫʳ˵岻Ͼɱ
nѩһƲ죺ûʲôϵҳʱԶŸ䶼ʼ˥ˡ
ǽѩǳֻԼô
ôܣ뻹аλônѩһ٣Цҿǽѩ峤
ѩ岻ˣ峤Ҳ̫ǿɡЦЦһھơ
nѩŭȵƨһھܴսūһָȫʢ״̬ɱݡ
ЦȴҲ𾪡
Զеǿ壬nѩʵȷʵǿھͿʥߣҪ꣬սʤһʥҲ˵
ҺСѾԼΪѡ
nѩûгԶʱûпǷҺСʱͱӡҲûмͬĶҲûжС
ˣǱȻҪˡ
ônѩ֣Ҫһ̳ƣ˹˺˰̳
ţʼԴһвٺֶˣҪꡣ
ǿ²̫
nѩҡͷ¶һ˿ԥս첻Զˣÿһ˶ôº͡
Ҽǵಿ֮ǣһʿضɱһҲݡ
΢΢һЦ⣺ûɱҲĹѾ֪ʵ顣
Ĺż壿۵ļônѩɫȻʵ
ʼԴǣ֮ܳΪĹңôȻйۣ̲
̫ƻˡnѩŭǵĥɵһ
㻹ɵô
nѩŭֵпֲĲƵϢֲס
ŭ˸ΣôƢ׵٩һӹȥ
㣬ջ治ǽѩͳһ㵱ҵĳʦ
ˣڣڼзѾˡ׺žƴЦ
ʵΣʼԴмۣ
Сʿʸ֪ô
̫ˣ㽻ѼֱҸ߹ݡnѩ̾ɫܺڡ
׿ˣСӸһУһپͺˡ
뵽Ҳⶼȥˣһûм棬ó棬˵ȲʼԴǣҲ̫ࡣ
˺һҹƣԹnѩƱȽأؿڵ˿ʼպϲ£
ʥսūԱʱ޾ʥʴ壬ȫҲҪ¡
˵ġóһҩ
nѩЦЦͲȬ֮ɱ㣿
ϻ࣬ҼȻѣͲᵣẦңҶԼ۹⻹ŵġ
ˬ죬پϲύѡnѩҲ飬һҩתѩһķһʱ󳹵ʥ
ʱԽֲȴսսūʱҪ£׹Ҳƻһսʵ
СӣɣȬɡnѩУһɭ

Цӹȥһ̳ơ
nѩΣһ㶼ģ
´Ϸʱרҵһ㣬һɱû¶СӶƭ
nѩЦ´θĽĽ
һҹ֮ɫˣϵĳų¶Цݣ߰ɡ
ȥģ
ôԨ룬ǲƸ
nѩʱŭǶҵģұԨǳûкĵط
֮һʼԴǣڱһطʺϽѩһС
֪
nѩȻ˸УңʼԴǷ˵ԭǵء
ĬȻļ򣬳ӡĵطȥ
nѩʱŭף̫ˣЩĿʯҲ͵ߣôѡ
״Ц˵
ʱٴλصԨɽ
nѩ¶ɫ㵱治ҪЩԨ룿Ҷ˽⣬ܷ
׺ߵҵڵѪҪҷڣðЩʯߡ

nѩһЦȻһӣƬɽԨ뱻һ޴Ŀʯˡ
ȴԺ
Ƭɽ棬һƬĺ򣬲׳ޱ޼ʣ볤Ľۺ
׿Կ϶Ƭ̲صıҪԶԶ硣
̫Զˣ֪Ȼ˶رԹƣرô̽Ƭ򣬱Ȼˡ
ȥ̽ա
ȥnѩȻܾ
û
磬ҵĽ黹ûдﵽ빲ɣ˵Ҿд򲻹ޣȫӻ
ЦЦرûȤô
ҵȤֻ˫ҲŲһƬnѩʼ磬ȫȤ


316 ع
죬ӿĳˮڡ
nѩԼһɽ󷽵ĺ
Ҳ֪nѩ첢ԼðգȻѾΪѣϾʶ˴һ˿ɵ
nѩ쿴ƴ֣ʵܴһƬǶֵöĵرǾЩѰˡ
һѺֲۣˡ
ǵѡԭԨ룬һȥ̽Ѱ
ΣգҲԼʱnѩ׵ٶȣʱҲߡ
ںرνǳܴԺиʱѰ
Ȼ
һܣnѩ첢û˵
ΪҪʵڲǰڤڤ֮иоһλˡ
ˣϤøn¡
ø簡û뵽ȻҲӡǳѵǳǹôô
ߺ󣬆nѩ¶һ˿΢Цɱңҵ峤ְλλ϶Ѿ䣬͸ûй˼˰ɡ
nnѩ춼ǽѩ콾˲ʵ츳޼
ǵ곤ѡˆnѩ죬ˆn¡
ѩ죬һģѡԭ򣬆nԸ̫ˣΪ峤ʹʢѩ廹ǻġ
nѩŵ϶Լ˵Ļ¶һ˿Цݣø磬治ϣһֵᷢǽ鰡
ߡ
˳Ѿɢȥһɫˮ峺һ޼ʸ֪ͷںη
оκ̽սᷢѰ飬ǴǴա
ںûзĻرҪ̫һý𽣶ΪǿҪǰ׼ˡ
ʮһһСľ
̤ľϣŴʻȥ
Сӣһ·˳簡ģnѩĺ
һЦȻ׆nѩڹ˼ʲôѩ˻ͦȤģʱտܻΪֵܡ

䣡
ڣֹʵǿޡ
һͷ˾Ӻ˳һСɽƵģҪ븹С
飡
ӳɳУһŭսնƬ
սÿ춼УżҲ鷳ʱ
ڰ죡
һȺ޵ϮȺӵĺȳ˾ӿֲΪ׵ĺﵽ벽ʥҪ
ģҪӡ
׺ǧͷΧ£εսҲУͲǶ֡
ǧͷʵǿļͷѾ˳һΧס
䣡
޴ĽֺɨߺȾˣնʮͷ޴ĺ
𣡡
ͷﵽ벽ʥĺŭ𣬷ƵĹ
ž
һͣǿ׷˹һצӾĵϡ
ɽƵצ˺˿һҪװһٶᵽ£Ѹ뿪
һȺŭ𣬽׷ᡣ
ģҲʧȥ˷ƺһƬİĺ
һɬϢԭҲˮŰǧɺˡ
𣡡
˻ǿļͷͣȫ¶־ϢһͷХǧͷȥ
ǡһ󣡡
׻عԶյĵ죬ʱ¶ޱ֮ɫ
ʮ󣡡
׿Զڿеĵ죬૳
еĵ죬ޱȵľ޴һƬյĴ½Ƶģ󲿷ֱ뵵ڵС
ǵɫǷǴ֮ڲ޾ӿĻ֮룬ǧ£ŷ𽻼ӣǰ벽ԪԴҲ̼
Ҵɱ֮Ѱ˿쳣ֻʦѰʦܲ³һ
ڵʱ޹֮䲢ʮ󡱣ƾһ˫ѰҲܿóȷƥĹ
ôܣ
¶֮ɫֻһԭʼѣôй󷨣ѾãѵǻĹųʦµģ
ĿԶȵĴƽ
ҪôһҪķѵĲϼ侪ˣĹųԶ˥Ƕ֮⣬ѰúĲϲ
뿪
еԥеֻǷӡԶĸ֣Ҳпء
󣬶˰꣬ʧˣݣ󡣡
˼Ƭ̣׻Ǿ
ǷӡԶǿߣҲ£ڵսԪǿߣ˭Ҳһɱ
ѹ֣ǧκκ޴ڣ·һЩ޺Ȼ
ҵ֮Ӧܴﵽʦ硣ϥڿУ˼֮


317 
һƬһƬ񷸲ǣ£γһƬ޴Ļ
ˮǧˣһɻɬϢɢַԲ
֮ڣȥ֮⣬κλŵ顣
ʮֻ΢¶⣬󷨾ԶУҪҸɱ
ŴԳ֮Ϊļ֮һҺòԲ£׸Ӳ
꣬͵飬Ȼʧ˾ųɣʣµһҲֲܿ
ϥУ˫ͱɳɫѰۣϸݹ󷨵֮
֮֮תɻ֮֮һ
˰¡
ϥʮʱ䣬ľУͼҵڡ
ȷǳֲĴµʱ䣬ûҵκ
ͬʱ
Ҳʼ
ಡ
ûɵıзɳǵƵĴס

ͷϣʥǼƷʥһ񽣡
죬Լаɴסףͬʱâ꣬ݺ½й¡
ѽȣûоȥֵ󷨵ĹôȥΪﵽ벽磬ķʲô
ۣ
һھѪɫԲ԰ס
Ѱʩչʱ̫ˣջǱɣ񱩵塣
䣡
һЩ裬ڴ޼ǧ޹ڣ޲塣
ģҪУȻҿҲβ͸еġ
һƬɫ׽ӳȥ֩ƵģܲУȻӽ
ˡ
ʮʱΣգԶתиѾȫ֣֮һƻ緢
䣡
Ӱӵ߳ȫ֣ԼܿΣ顣
ǴķĿ顣
飬뵱û󷨣˵Ļѹڴˣںϣڻͨ˻˵ͨǣһڡ
𡭡
鷢ŭرɫ£ããҹгɱ
Щ鼤ս
飬ƵѪͷų˫һսƵģȻ
ͨǧݺᣬնˡ
ۣ
񽣴̳һ鴩͸Ȼת˷򣬾޴Ľûһ顣
ս
״𣬺ڷ裬ս
ɱЩ飬Ҳһ¡
걻˻ʼձƣÿɱһ飬һ˵ˡ
䡭
ʱʮʵӰӵ߳ͬɢſµϢ䲻ԪҲ಻Զ
ģ
״ΪУ꾿˶ˡ
һĲǶ壬ҲԶĸ֣󲿷˵ʵ൱ڰ벽Ԫƿ¡
䣡
ԽҵĴսʼԾױ˴óȫľԶԸЩ飬ԼʱҪޡ
һս򵽺ˮսѡ
һսҹþȫʮ½ɱԼҲ˲ˣȫѪ߰ߣɫ԰ס
𣡡
գһһɱ쳤Х޾۶ûˡ
ķת˿ں£˰ʱ֮ٿȻ˫۹磬â
գұҪ󣡡
УɵѰʩչɫԴԴϵӿ󷨡
ۣ
ȫһнɫ޷ĵش
ߣ
ЦһԽ³һƴ
ϸȥʲôƴɣЩƻûһľҪӲ
䣡
ȥ
ʱӹҲӿһҪˣʮ꣬飬֮ǰĿ顣
ײһ𣬷·ضҪ𣬺ˮɲǼշˡ
治֮һܵôʱ䡣׾̾¶ģĿ΢΢
Ѱת˼£һڿУȻҧ⣬һھѪϡ

ѰĽ֮һ軯ѰطԼһ΢ϵ໥Ӧ
軯ķҲʱӵǿս뱾ȵս
Ͼǽ֮ռǾǿ󣬺ܻܿ˲⵽ɣҲ߻ħ
䣡
޴軯׵ģŹ󷨷ȥ


318 һ
һɸߵ裬׵ģǵȥ
ɸߵԶȥ׵۽һ鴤ۡ
ô֧һ콾ˣزū̬óһίʵܲס
䣡
ʮо޴вϮ˵ĺһҪ߻
ƣ
վǧ֮⣬ңңָӡ
ͨѰͨ߻ʱӵ뱾ȵս֣ͨʩչ
ͬʱһƬƬɳҪҳڡ
䣡
ǴתԽ٣߳ʮλ飬軯սһ
һս׵ĻȫЩ飬Ҳȥ˴룬ࡣ
ۣ
һߣһھѪʩչѰķɡ
һƵļӲɴߣһη
ڿգƴϸֻۣҪҵ۵ľ巽λ׾㹻İ
ֻʮȷǷĪ⣬мμ۵ķλֲ֮屻񵲻ȥ
һΣķ졣
Ŀƽ٣еʱֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬󲢲ʲô⡣


ǧ֮⣬Ŀһɫ˫âſµϢסڡ
ƾ仯Ī⣬ƾ߲ͣѾסһβʧ
󵨣
Ȼʱӹдһϵһ޵ʥˡ
һ޴Ӱ߳ȫ뵵Ļһ߳زܺˮڡ
飡
Ŀһ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڻǰ಻סҪֹˡ
ȥɱ⣡ŭȣѾҪ׵Ļ
飡
׸ϣ軯һӱѣ񱩵һ޴Ĺ⽣ŭն¡

ŭһȭݺݴڹ⽣ϣ߿ռݣȭѹһУ⽣顣
䣡
һ޿ƥеϢƣΪֱԪʿ
飬ˡ
׺޾ɫЦ
ȻߣҲͻȻܵһΣٳͻȻһХ뷵ش֮С
ʱߣˡ
䣡
ɫҫأֱֳǹþȫң޾ؾ۶һ޴ļʸ֣ƿնȥ
飡
ŭһȭһȭӳÿһȭʮγһƬȭӰҪסһ
ಡ
޴ļʸƿնȥһĿ׶ǧɳǰֱ쵽ߡ
ȭӰһ飬ʸܲ͸顣
飡
鱻ֱ飬磬ձɲǼ䲻֪жٺˮ
ķ
ҡҡ׹麹
ʵʵԪףȻ޷ֵǹһһ䱬ˡ
ڴ󹭵ʵݣ׸ӺˣҲԿЦڵˮƽҲֻһΡ
ң¡
ԪʿƿرǹǼֱ޵ˣһһˣͬо޵С

һɱ飬Ҳķо¶ƣ̬֮ƣ糱ˮƵϯȫ
ڿҡҡ׹ƾŴХһתɾķʼ˺Ͳ
һˣһҹŻָ
ýĺ֢ñǹ˶оʵһһϦԻָġ
һҹײŻָ۷״̬ٿȻվɫѪ˫
ʱˡ
ʮ
ûһУ󼸺Ƿˣҵڣܿ͹˴
¡¡
ƣ޴ޱߵĻع鵽ƺȫˡ
ǱؾҪһ֮ǶҪá
ɲǼѰۣŻߵķȥ
ģƺңԶĵطһ״«ķ˻Ȼڵĳһ
ԣյĵ¶ԭĿ
⡭ȷһƬĿе죬һƬ½ƵģڿУ𺳡
дУ˻ʱо޴޺գһգʧˡ
ģӴˮһգûʲôֵǮıξⱾˡţϵ졣
ݣ
һͷ޴Ӱٶȿķ˼ֻצӳץҵƿ̴ֱܴա


319 ɫ
ӰӴ󣬷Ľ޴ޱȵӰ˸ɫâһ統ն¡
ĲȻӰʼԴѾˣֻʵͻĹҲС
̾Ҳ֮ھסͷӰ
һͷ벽ʥľ壬ǻûпֻ¶
Ӱס󣬵ޱ׵۶žش
ȣ
ֻһȣ㽫Щ׵ɢܹ鲻֮Ӱͷųѣֲ̫ܡ
޵񷢳Ľ𶯳Ҫȥ
΢΢һЦߴηߴ׽һ׽֮Ӱ񳹵׷ˣ˳࣬ԸΪ׵
СҪԺ͸Ұɣһص̫ɽðʦΪ㿪ǣĻۣܳΪһʥ
Ӱ񷢳ĽһѺáƤϢûɱ⣬һѺá
շһͷӰ񣬶һΪˣ൱˷ܡ
֪ӰǱպԽһ磬ǽ޿ƥеĴڡ
ʥӦʥҪֲʥһ㣬һɽӡ
Сô֪꣬ʲôѰĵطôıϣŹ⻬ëЦʵ
ȻҡͷһЦӰֻм꺢ͯԼʲô
ʼԴǣһ벽ʥѾ˲ˣϣ벽ʥǶûпһǣΪٵ
ԤģӰպȻΪʥ

Ӱ񷢳˳ŵת˷򣬳ŵȥ
ร
һȻӰԴЦСǲ˵Ļˣ

Ӱ
ЦЦƾӰţ
СٶȺܿ죬ҲУһͷ޴Ļ죬ʳӰ
ܴһƬɭֶȼһ͵Ϣգǳ׶
ģôڣܸоĳӰܼɵͷΪη塣
״СϷɳȥս
ͷнڵѪͬ΢ķѪӦԶսޡ
սһһľ԰⼸ͷսͳ죬޶Ҫ
ǿƥӰҪǿܶ࣬ǿգһһƬݡ
֮սʱһ֮նԪϵһλӴ
ͬһʱ䣡
ӵмǿᡢ񱩡ŰϢȫޱȵǿ󣬲ȻҪ
ߣ
ЦͷųԼѪǽɫѪƵķҡǧɣЩսȫסˡ

Ӱ񷢳֮նɱ˻Ȼһڶ
ȻҲİ֮һЩսȻһЩƽʱҲ뿪Լء
׵ԵʣӰͲҷߡ
İСԺңίˡЦЦıϡ

Ӱ񷢳һƵļǰ
ƬȻƥмʱײſһóɽبؼ䡣
ӰͣٵƺڸףѰĵط
ɫأǧɽɸߣְͨɫ͸һϢ
ɽϢƺƺڳɽһֱһޡ
ͻȻɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ
̫ˣͬɢޱɭϢûκεڣ̹ͬǡ
üǰɽ壬ĸоܹ죬·ֻص˳磬һںĳ
֪ڲ˵ҵĻ㼸ôӰԴ
Ӱͷ
ɽû
Ӱҡͷ
ɽжˣǺǣҲ֪ЦЦ
Ӱ񼱴ٵĽԴǿգȻֿɽ壬¶һ˿塣
Цˣ˵˼˵Դʱɽˣ
Ӱ񹾹ͷʾ˵ˡ
ˢ
Ѱۣ嶥ȥâ͸ؿռ䣬š
ʲôһ
ڳ粻ͬʱһ赲ĿӣѰȴϰ˷嶥
һ޴ĺɫһͷƵģڷ嶥꣬绯ʯ͸һɻĹŵϢ
ңҪȥ嶥룬ðʵǣ뿴嶥ʲôܡ


320 콣
ɽɣһޱɭȻϢ棬֮ڶ壬ûκ޸
۾ңɽҪȥ̽

Ӱ񷢳ٵ¶֮ɫͬʱֲס׵ͷʾԸһȥ
ԼȥУİɣһҪ뿪δ㽫һǿʥʼԴǡЦЦӰ⻬ë

Ӱǲģסҡͷ
Сһķڴڸ㣬䲻ٻΣ㿪ǣܿڳԡ
״ȥһʶǡ̫߾һԵķʺӰ
ͬʱ׻ȥһͨǰѪ̳֮ѧ

Ӱ񷢳һЩؿףջǵͷԼɽɽػ
ģҺܿͻ
΢΢һЦͬʱΪ˱⵺⼸ͷϮӰü貼һ
ڣӰ԰ȫ֮ݡ

Ӱ׳ɽȥɫĳΪС
Сһ״Цһʧ
ɽ£Ӱʼǰ벽ʥһķܿĿǡ

СسɽȥΪ˱Ѿͷ
ǱƷʥӦ֣ᷢӳȳұ񵶸Ч
һ⽫֣һ·ɽȥ
Ҳ֪ǲҲѪѻ񳱡ɵɽԽĽ
ڳʱ߷˿ֲѪѻ񳱣˲֪ʿ
ڵʵѪѻϮҲ壬ȫһ
ɽЩ֣һ·ȥκϮһ㲻ɽۡ
ɸߵɽۣճӦú棬иֲڡ
ǡ
ֻаϢļž
޷ˣ֮һ޴ĺɫشԶƵġ
쵽ʲôܣǲҲӡһλԶŲĸ֣
ǰȥĿѾϷ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ɽһͻȻһ뵵Ĺâҫɭɽۡ
һ̨򿪣ʮ˶Ӱ߳
ˢ
׼ĺܿ죬һʱͽŲӡȫϢһ޴ɽʯ档
ͬʱзˡ
ȻʼԴͨ̫˼ˣ֪˵صꣿ
ңЩϿϲıԿɫĹԷǱѰ
ɵġ
׾شţһȺʮ˴Ӵ̨ɫװǰһ޴Ľ
Ǵ·ϣԶԶȥҲܸоһĽޱȡ
콣ɣ
ʼԴǣֻɽǳһǱ콣ɣһǶݵ񶦽ڡ
Ľ𽣶죬ΪɱȽᣬûбС
˵𽣶н򣬲ɶǰ벽ĹңԻĹĩ𣬴ʮˡ
콣оǿȥҽ𽣶Ļһս˲֪飬һս֮ɽ²Сӡ
飬Ҳ
콣ɵŰݷãӭսòش֣顣
һսУ죬һ̴ǳ

ʦ֣̰һλ潫ԼɫķĹһλ콣ɵʿ˵
š
һλڷ٣˫ĿףĸߴΪֲܿѾﵽ벽Ԫ硣
ϢһʵƵģžķɡ
콣ɵʥӣһλʥΪ֮󣬽ΪǿĽ͡
裡
һ۾ϳˣЦһû뵽˾Ȼˣһһ콣ɵط
˵Ӧ콣ǰĵٶȾۼһ
֮ʮΪҲȫʿһ֧ʵǿ顣
ợʯĹ̰һرУ̰һĲ֮ء
迴ԶĺɫĿ⾼
ʯԶ̰һһλϣ֮ǰԼǳ
콣Ҳһַⷢܣ˴Ǯһʸ
ˢ
ʱ
һɫĽɢңȴǬ
ݺᣬɲǼ佫ʮλʦֵɱ


321 ʬ

һִɫ裬һѪʮʿȫɱˡ
ɽ۵Ŀռ쳣̣ʵȻ޷̴գֻڿһѪ
Ѫʮȫ׷룬
ģݡ
һ軹һɱϵˣΪ˶̰ıϦദʦֵܶһɱ
λǱǸˣıؽԼģɣЩأһں̵ܶʱʵǣδʥ֮λδݽӹ콣ɡ
һЦüа
һХЩعڣű˫ֿԶĹ¶֮ɫ
ʣǾʣֵɱĳġһԽͻأĴɫ䡣
˭
䣡
һִɫڿлûɰɴ󣬳صɽʯնȥ

ͬһɳɫײܶʱҵͬʱ顣
΢Ц߳һϮһƵģ׿
򣬽壿
迴׳ֺɫ䣬֮ϢǵأƺҪһ޴Ľ⡣
콣ɵĲؽ治ĳˡЦЦĵ޴Ľܳͬɢֲܡ
𽣶󽣾ôܲͻȻһЦĽʧϢࡣ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦĵҲĭƵɢڿУһۣ˴ĿеĽ䱸͵⡣
벶ȸںû뵽Ҳ˴ĳû뵽ɫ粻۾ס
ЦҡͷƬаʱ䣬ղҵû̽֡
üͷһ˵˵ĳѰˡ
ô壬ĳЦЦͷǳˡ
Ŀһɫ΢΢ЩȻ֮ȥĳԵҲȥ
˵䣬ܣΨֶԷͻȻɱ֡
Ƕ𾪵鷢ˡ
һڷԶĺɫϯٶȿķ˼ûж׺蹥Ǿ콣Щӵʬ壬գۼ˻ȥ
һһزգۼ䣬ʮʬ㳹ʧϽĹڡ
ʣ׺趼һȻɫޱأٴƵĿ򹬵
й죡
֣֪жн٣޲һսԾҽ˿ҷ¡
أɫâתĿ⿴ɫɫء
ԡ
׵ͷ˵֪ܣԼ浽ʲôˡ
Զ̰ŽǰһǴ֮һûԥ٩٩ԡ
˥̰һλлʯĳѡ䣬Լڴ˵ء
Щ
š
迴һףüʵֲң
ǺǣûУûҪ˵ٻЦЦһ٣Ǻɫܸ֪һڷô
ʬɫҲء
ȷʬûв´λ̰ǿѾһ߽ʬһǿĵʬ
ɫ䣬Ȼ˵ʬ
Ӧ÷䣬ˣΪ˽ʬͳĿһֻǲ֪ߵʬɳʲôزһָǰͨǾ鷳ˡ
ǰԪӦûûлָǰͨͳһսˡ
׵ͷʾͬ⡣
ʬụ̂޵֮֮󱣴ΪĽʬ
ʬɿֻٶȼ仺ǰǳǿߵʬҲ𽥻ָǰͨ
һָǰͨĵʬޱȵǿ󣬿ƥʥ
Ŀһ򹬵һЦǶ칬ıʱΣ
֣뻢ıƤġ״Ц
ҲЦѵˣǣûʲô־塣
΢΢һЦ˵ֹˣȻ˻Ҽɵһ£һס
ǺáЦЦָɵʬ԰Σ
С
ԤϵģЦҡͷȻܾ
ֻɫȥ΢Щá
ɱͬʦֵܣǰװ͸Ұѱĳ̰֮ԡ㶮á
ԡɫѿӲ
ǺǣҲҪ֣Ҫɣ㡣΢΢һЦ̹Ȼ衣
ؿһףβ˵ֵֶΣĳˡ
аɡЦЦںеɱ


322 Ⱥ
޴ĺɫӡ׺վڹſڣܵһɭϢܽ
˴֮󣬱ȥ̽
˵ʵǾߵʬĻָǰͨȻǶ֡
ҾָǰͨҲġ
׻裬ǶбֶΡ

ɫ̨оǧŰٲ㣬һ·쵽ſڣ̨׶Ǻɫģ͸Ź졣
ʵ׿ñ軹Ҫ͸
Ѱۣ׾ܸоʬƺӰһӰģӰӡ
һɼѹֵϢӰһʿȻͻᱻʬ֣̼ͱͬɽʬ
ЩʬҲҵң
ŭȣһХɫգնĺɫʬ
ý
ߡ
ߣȻǶ׳ûܲҲ밵ɱ˶ԷǹڽĴʵ̫ܹ࣬ǡ
ǰþȻϹսƽޱȾ֮ģһԸһϳ̵콾ûޣಫ
֣롣΢΢һЦ
á
ЦЦ̤Ϻɫ̨ףŹȥ
𣡡
˫Ÿ̤Ϻɫ̨׺󣬶߶ʱϳ顣
ţǰճ䣬пʼŤֻûֳж
ЩʬؾѾȡצĹָɫƽض˵
ȶѣգ𡣡֣ķɳһ⽣һɫâնҪնˡ
ĽֱĽڶ޴Ĺ⽣ɢǧնȡ
ǧ򽣣治ͬѰ׹޵
ɵĽҲֹˣ²˳٣ҾҪӿٶˡĮԣһɫâŹŷȥ
ء
ΨһڵİУһĽ죬ʬûһͷͨ͸ںɫȡ
̰ȣ
һͷȳúһͷǣΪػɱһеҽ֮
̰ΣǰһĲһУϹâһסһӵľ޽
޽򣬷ȴɢһϢʥƺƵƺʲôһ֮
Ʒʥʥں棬޴İɫ⽣һЦ
콣ɵر֮һȻֻƷʥȴǿԽʥʱͻƵʥҲпܡ
ˢ
һ޴Ľɨȥ̰ȵļϡ
Ľ·һ棬Ȼ𻨣̰Ȳˡ
ء
ͷǵ̰ȿʼƵĳ˺衣
޾壬ͨʩչɫգṵ̂ȡ
գֻûһ⣬͸̰ȵͷ­
ʬɢͷɿܽʬȵ̰ǣնˡ
ɫƽͷһ˿鶼ûУױ֪λ콣ʥӵȷǷԼԾһС
֣㻹ڡڸ˹ʱŭ䳰ȷ
߶ͣս㣬ͷ̰ȵĶ֡׳գۣЦ
ɫһڣҲ֪׶첻Ƕ֣±һĴſڡ
ͬһ貢һϸϸۿš
ӣ޶Ľֻһ޴ʯŵסеĿӣɫʯڣợʯĵط
֣Ž𽣶Ĳ񽣷ǳ𺳣ܷĳ۽أ΢Цʵ
ȻĦĳԵó׳ˡЦЦǰߴɵĺɫţһ˿ɫ
䣡
ϣͻȻһǿϢһʯĽǺ嫵Ľɫ΢䡣
ÿֲĽѾҵǧ򽣣𽣶Ĳ񽣹Ȼ鴫
ɫӣһ޴Ľ󣬽Żһ⣬ŭն¡
䡭
ɫʯű˲ն飬ĳ󡭡ޱ޼ʵʬӿ˳ǵأϯɽ
أ
ǺӹڴһӰֱ˶ʬǡ
̰ȣô࡭
׶һͬʱ˳ɣһͷͷ޴̰ȣԡ
һͷͷ޴̰ǣмʮɴ󣬴˿ԴԴϴӺɫӿҲǧͷ
ǧͷ̰ȣ׺ɫһڡ
ÿһͷ̰ȶʿǧͷ̰һֻԪʿҪ˱ܡ
֣սߣ
Ǻǣ䣬սɣҲ㡣ЦЦŲӡգۼʧӰ١
ߡ
ߣ˫һ˿ŨɱҲʶȤͬתͷߣ˿ͣ


323 û
ಡ
Ӱķ˼գۼͷɵɽ£нͷ̰Ƚ׷ᣬ½ɵˡ
ɽ£һͷɫӰȻ۾Ľ
׳ӰųͬʱɫâһһߴСС׵ļϡ
벽ʥӰ񣿡
ɫӣ΢ЩʵؿӰһ˿̰ͼʡ
Ӱоĵ⣬һɢһڰгͣʱ
ôûòǵѡЦЦС
ɫӣʵõĳ
š
Ǻһ̾ӰʼԴѾˣӦþˡ
ЦЦշһͷӰҲǴջ֮һ꣬ӰͻΪǿս֮һ
֣ǶԸȺ̰ôײ⣬ɸߵɽ壬ЩΡ
˭ϵǺɫǧͷ̰ȣԪʿˣọ̃˸ͲǶ֡
ң
оǧͷ̰֮⣬ͷʬṴ̋ȴڡ
ͷ̰ȵʵԼ裬ѾΪʬȡ
ɫʲôð취ô
ȷһ취Ⱥ̰ȣֻǴ̫ˡЦЦ˵
ʲô취ԡһüͷԽԽײƺˡ
ÿЦЦʱǵսľֱΪױȻûаģԼ
Ѱʦ
šͷȻֵѰ˫ʼԴ˭˲֪
ԣҶò󡣡
󣿡
Ŀһƺʲô
֮ԴԶҲ֪е󷨾кܴɱǡɶüɱ֮󡣡
һЦȻ޾֮·ֲ´󣬱ܽȺ̰ȡ
ѣҪϡЦЦһΪѵӡ
Ƥֱһֺܲͷüʵֵ˼ǣ
Ҳû
ҡͷ̾˶֪Ѱʦ֪ЩҿҲûд̫衣
Ҫ¡󡯣ʱãҪִ֧С
Ҫǧͷ̰ȣҪгԽʱʱҲҪķѽ衣
裿
һָˡ
ԽտĿʼݣ̾һ˵⻹ֻѣҪɴ󣬻ҪϡĿʯȫֵǣҲЩġ
ȻƷˡ
ֲսЩƷѲʲôֻһССҪϣܹӦʡ
迴һۣƬʵ˵
һЩ̰ȣǵõ֮ұҪ߳ɣɡ
ܣ
ɫ䣬ȵ
ɫ˵֣Ҫˣ̰һ庣أ̫̰ˡ
ЦЦŭȻֲضŭֻѣҲԾܾ
Ŀ⼫һ˿˿ɢס
ԸЩ̰һս޻˵ҲЩ̰֮⣬ǹڻͷѾǵ̰ǽʬʵǿ
ĬȻݺݵؿףƽ
ȻҲ֪ڻиǿĹҲ֪õأͱ׵ֶΡ
ֻǡ
׵õ߳ɱأֻܵõɣֱ̫̣һ㡣
ɫɣһҲżԼǡ
ȷʵڳû٣˭ʱأȺ̰ȲǺǵģԸ⶯õ̡
һọ̃͸ˡ
Ҫ࣬һЩֶΣ˷ѵ
һҪף̶ûˣɱֱ練ơ
׶ӰȤٿһۣ˼ʧ
ûҪƹķ졣
֡
˰ʱɫѿؿڣͳĿɭȻ治ô
ҲΪģȻһʣʵʵҵĻҲ̫Կ
ŭҲгԿܵõ߳ɱǽḻɵйһҲпܡ
ãҴӦ㡣ûѡһ¶ģĿޱȣס
ֹȻ߷ڣĳ
ŭϣֲҪʧҲӦ֪ƴǿЩ̰ȵġ
ַģĳ֮ΪʵСɾ׺ܹƽôñ˴ʧء״Ц
ţ˶ԣõıﰴֳɣֳɽ۷ȥ


324 
ɽϡ
ʬܣһ˸еѣϢӭɫʬǵأɽۡ
ڹ²·ֻ󷨿ʼǱȥЩ̰ȣ֮𡣡Ц˵
˵аȫЩ̰ô
ֻҪͷʬȲ֣ҾоԵİաЦЦܺã߳ɵıؼУøԣȫԴ̫һˡ
ϣֲҪʧ
ֱôһʣһЩѣûҪֵˮ𡣡״Ц
ߣ
Ц޳ܵоѾ
ǲһɱôȻһɵı޳ܱɵˣ軹û

裬Ŀʯó۾ֱˣ˶֪ײȱ裬˲ó裬Ҳ𺳲ѡ
ʱ¶֮ɫ
岻츳ֶѰʱ˭Ķ֣
䣡
׿ʼһڻĳͣ뵵Ĺâҫء
һԿţĬȻ
ܸоײõĴȷԼĿԿڷɱ͸ʱһʣܷ
趼ˣ󷨷ǳֲҲѲá
ọ̃һʱ̼Ҫ
ʱײͷ󺹴Ӵ߳һӣ
ֶΡ
ĬƬ̣
׳һҩĵЦЦҪԼ󷨵ô
æ˺󼸲Ҷġ
ǺãͷȥЩ̰ȹɡ׵ͷЦ˵
һŵʵҶȥЩ̰ȣ
ǰ
һȻӣǺǵҪػ̰֮ұ㿪ֶȥǣͬ裿
ؿһףһüͷ֣㲻ûְɣ
ˣĳһʣСоóֶˡ
ĿŻɣ˵⻰ˣʱĲ㡣
ûޣһı޳ܣ׿ʱһȦС
֣Ҷʵڲģȷ԰ɣǾһȥġһ˵
ðɣֶ׹һЦɵԡ
״ŷſģֳֹʥ򹬵š
Ũʬʬ֣Ѿԭӡ
ϥڰУӴľˮƵк£ƿס
һߡ
콣λùʥֳֹʥźɫȥ̼Ӱͱޱʬ֡
΢΢һЦµȷֶΣû˻衣
һ滹ͷµʬȣƾԼʵԶԸֲſԡ
δܳ裬Ͼ콣ɵʥӣûбֶΣ
ķݶọ̃ƴһһڶñûаƽͷʬȼˡ
Ȼ
Ҫ׸ûа赱֣ΪٸߣҲĵɵ
ְҵĲཫԽԽһֱ㵱Ķְ͵Ϯɱ㣿
΢΢һЦŶд˻ǺɫʬҵķɼĺӰ
ˢ
ӰģߣϻѪѾˡ
֣쿪󣡡
ǧͷ̰ŭ𣬷ӿһͷͷ̰£ޱʬơ
𣡡
Уһȣһɱ֮죬˲
ʮ޴Ĺҡϣ̰ȶ棬ֻͷѳȥ
¡¡
ɲǼγһ޳
ڣХγһ޴磬Ļ裬ǿա
ǧͷ̰ŭ𣬵޼£׻ʱĲõɱܡ
Ϊ󷨣裬ϡĿʯΪ˳̰Ϊ
һɫ׽ӳ֩ܲ
ǧɵĽɫ˸Źâܷӵ¡
𣡡
ͷ̰ŭɱ衣
ףæŭȣһȺ̰ȴսһ
ʼ磬ǺЦ߶ͣһҪƴУʵϾ
㡭
ѣûϵôɣ˿Ҳݲ룬ͷ̰Ȼʱпܽ˺Ƭ


325 ʬ

һִɫգͷ̰ȴսһ𣬺ɫʬҪûˡ
ּͣԵġУе
һģˤŭڵף䲻һͷ̰һצķʮס
ҪעⰲȫЩ̰ȻǺӴЦЦҲûţޱߵľбŴС
䣡
ڣһмʮɣ˺һͷͷ̰ȵ壬ͬʱޱҵȼգһ޳ǡ
ʮ೤ĹҡϣסǬЩ̰ȸûа취ѡ
䣡
һɱš
費콣صʥӣʵʵǿ콣һŽܾ޴
ǧ򽣣
緢ǧ⣬ÿһⶼƵģͬʱһȺսʱ
ǧ򽣺ķܶ࣬ʩչʮǧ֮Ҳвɫ΢΢԰ס
ͷ̰ȣҲɱֻʣ°ͷ
ȣ
һХɫͷ̰룬̰ŭӿ˹û
ۣ
أ
һͷ̰ȴؽһĺϣһӾͰķɳȥȫԡѪ

躱ĴŭȼվѪͨʩչ͵Ľƿڶ
治Щֶεġ΢΢һЦҲְæͷ̰ȴҲ̫ˡ
ʱ
ˢ
һ³նһͷ̰ȣȫԡѪһԣסشŴ
ȫѾľˣȼ˴Ѫ˿¡
֣һö裬ЧġָһһöɢŲҩζĵɹȥ
ŭӣµҩתķʼˡ
䣡
޾ľɲǼû
أ
Ƭ̺󣬷ѣľʼ߽⡣
ʱмʮͷ̰Ȼûб
ಡ
һսƵķƻһͷƴڿз衣
ۣ
գۼ䣬ʣļʮͷ̰ȱˣƵһѪûС
֣ܲǱ콾ս˾̾Ц˵
軻һɾ·ѾȬĿؿףƣ֣û˵᣿
ܶ˶ô˵׵ͷ
Ц˶ˣͨǻġ
˲ǧ׳Կġ
ߡЦס
ٹһ賹޸壬ѪҲԲʬĹ
üȵ֣ͷʬڵǡ
һ˽һͷɡЦ
輥ҪԶôҲãҲܼʶһʵսΡ
΢΢һЦģһܼˡ

ǧͷ̰֮˳źɫȥһХһʬɢ
֮ôһ˿ɫ׵սѾ˳ʶ
õԵδǽĶ֣ȻԽ޳ܵоǳУҲòϣλʮŽ壬Ŀе̡
Ƭ̺˷ɵſڡ
ɫĴѾ򿪣ŨļʵʵʬԴԴ͸һɭȻϢ
ģܸоŰϢǵĵԽ񱩺а
߰ɡɫɣҲҪԣͷʬȣҲ޷ȥùıء
䣡
𣡡
ҪȥʱͻȻ洫ƽƵģЯױȵĲбϢ
Ƕʱ˰ɣڿС
ಡ
ͷ޴ʬȣӹʬֱһ㣬նʬ֮С
ϣͷ治С
ͷ޴̰ǣ̰Ƚʬȣÿнɣëɫػңųխͣ¶ŷݡ
ء
ʬȳХͷ̰ʬȽеʬջڣԽĿֲ׺衣
ÿһͷʬȣȰ벽ʥĴڣȰ벽ʥҪֲܶࡣ
׺費Уɫصؿǡ
࣡
ͻȻһͷʬȿз¡¡ǵȥҪ˵Ϣ
ͷǵʬȶѣǰҲװǻơЦһʥеĹʥиյơ
̰һϢ֮أһͷʬŭ𣬲бϢܾˡ
ˣǲǵʬȣǰǰ̰սʿͬ긴ǣ˽ʬ
ǲΪУ˻ȥҪľޡһͷ̰ŭ

ͻȻȷ־ǿĲ񽣣ɫĽ·ܿٵأһͷ̰նȥ


326 ɱʬ
䣡
ͷʬҲû뵽׻ͻȻϮܣֱӹᴩ塣
⡭
迴ĿɿڴȻڰǱ޳ܣԺǲҪ֮Ϊвźá
ţҲֳֹ񽣣ҵɱȥ
͡
ݺᣬ˶ǽ֣һֶʱѣ춼ǽ
ɫգɫ裬׺趼Ҵ⣬̵ʱڽͷʬȡ
𣡡
һᴩʬŭޱʬӹӿٴ壬ŭ
࣬
飡
޴צץһɿɵһֲ
ǺǣÿһԶŲսʿжǿһսɡЦЦ̰ȴսһ
ȭ
䣡
̰ŭѾȫָǰͨ޴ɱצճȭݺһȭ
籩Ƶģȭٺܿ죬춼ȭӰɽ񱩲ŰϢϯ
𣡡
ӲӲһĴȥȭӰײһ
أ
նʱһۿɼؾǧˣ˷ֳֳɱȥ
һߣҲһͷ̰ȼսһ춼ǽ⣬Լ̰ȵ˻
ž
һֻ޴צӣ̰ĳ֣һӡȥ
ӡ£ʬŨƵģɵͨʿ
̰ӡҪСġ輲
ЦЦصԼСİɡ
ɫĴӡѹһɹһʮɳ˷ϯס

׳Хų콣˸ɲǼγɼ֮֡
ƣ
һ޺ǧ裬һӾͰ̰ˣʬй¶ȥܰɡ
ˢ
׽Ųӡ̰ȵһϮվĵطĳһӡ
ս
׺Լʵѧͨ½ʩչͷ̰ȼս˰С
ԷҲԶ̰һ壬ս鼫ḻмŲͨһʱ֮ȻκβöԷ
࣬ȥɣ
СʱԽսԽͣռϷ磬ӳĽ̰ӡ
Ȼʬ׵ٶȸ죬ʬٶȽŵٶȡ
ء
һ֮ĺһĻɫԲɳס
Σգ
Σգ
ȫëֱʶƳȥɣȻڷ¡¡죬õ¡
⣬ѵͷʬıԴʬô¶ޱ֮ɫһХ

ǧգһɽģ޿ƥеĳײЩɫԲ
ɽ֮
һͨ¡
һŻɫԲ򲻹һ߼£ҲֻмʮȫŽɫϢܡ
ԴʬǰıԴ֮ͷ̰ȲҪô
׺ƣţ˲뵽һܿµĿԣ
裬ȫ֣һǻʯҪɫ䣬ٵ
ʼȼѪһɽ֮ɱȥЩɫԲײһ
¡¡
޴ǵأǧ޹һ㣬һϯ˲Ʒס
ģ
һ˰ɷסŲ̳ܲеǵӰһ˿ɫ
ն
ɫĲ񽣷նɲǼ䴩͸̰ȵͷ­һɫľն顣

̰ȱը֮ǰһǾҵĳһ˴ס
ߣ
ЦһִɢЩˡ
ննն
һߣҲʼƴˣȫԡѪʩչ콣ǿļͨһͷ̰նɷ顣
䣡
һŵĽڿתХնˡ
麹Ѿþˡ
ߣ
Ӹһö裬ĿʯҪˣǱֹ
ߣ
ɫ΢䣬µҲһɫĹ

ڣһƬڣճȫޱߵʬ
ʬŨ񣬼Ҫͬɽʬ
ˢ
ͷһɫĽ˸ӨӨɫâƵչЩʬȫˡ
ʮɼĽڿоҶǶ˻
ЩʬҪ
ˡ
ȫʥеʬˣɫĽҲʧȥ󣬵ڵϡ
ۣ˵Ʒʥôˣ߳ɱУҪһƷʥ
̫ˡ
ЦһҡͷͷƺƵʥɫĹҲڵĹյͨ
ǡ
ǰľ˲


327 ҿմ
ܿտžޱȣ˷
Ȼɫâһͷ޴ĹبڰУĿֲһͷĹžʹڵľޣעǡ
ǡߣ
׺趼Ƿǳˣݵ֮ϻָǣаɳĹ¶֮ɫ
š
ʱѾƽĿأЩɵ
ôֱʣɱͷʥĲߣȻ󽫲߸ͿգԼĹײġ
豻һȻ˼ǣһ߹ײģ
ȷһ߹ײģһ̰峤ϵĿֲײġĿһ
Ҳ¶ɵ֮ɫ˵ߺֲܿʼԴǼҪˣֻʵżͷ
ԶϵĹڲо綾ʥĲ߸ֲһڶʥ
ѧʶԨ٩٩ԣȻǿٵ伮ӵкܴ
ţһܻΣҲޣܳߵԪ
׿ž޴Ĳ߹ףԾѰۣҪ׿
һ˿˿ʬӲ©Ȼ٣ʱձؽ̰ȡ
꣬ǧͷ̰ȵΪ©ʬ
ͬʱ
ھ޴Ĳϣ˿ڣϸȥȴȻЩɫĶ׾Ȼһ󷨡

ʯȻڲϲһؾͨЩ˿ԴԴϵĴײڣʬ塣
֣ôкâһδҹζ࣬߹ײģٵʯ
çײ߹ײĻԶҡͷֹ衣
ʲô˼
Цŷ·ߵĲ߹ף۾˵Ϊ߹ײֻмʮô
һ仰˵꣬׺趼ƺֹײһƺ
ã
ɫһ䣬ٵʯѣҪƵ󷨡
󷨣
Ǻܼ׵ҿմҪҿմ󣬱ǶĿռʦǡ
׷ٽ͵ǰһ򵥵ҿմ󣬶֧Уһ̤룬ҿմͿʼԶС
һŲȥǾͻᱻ͵ΣյĵطͳҲпܡ
׵һͣɫ䣬һ¶֮ɫ
ҺԼһѰԼǰɱͷʬȣ˿ҲҪҿմˡ
ǿռ۷̺һŲȿվпٲ֮
󣬻ʯõļ͵϶ǳΣգ汻͵⣬Ǿʮˡ
ʥǰ벽ԪҲ޷ߡ

֣Ҫ೤ʱ䣿
ˣ
΢ӹײڴʱʱܼʬҿմ
ССĿռ۷ѡһЦһʱ䡣
ãΪɢЩʬͷ
һ쫷紵ɢʬʬ޾ֽŴ
ߣ
ҲҪǿ֮ˣԸһæ

ʥͷʥƺƵʥȥʬɢ
׽£һɫǰҿմӣҪҳЩ
Լ΢΢۾ĸš
ҵһƣɫ绯ͷһ
Ƭ̺󡭡
һƣ


ʮҲһƣһ׽еĴƻͬʱҲƿռ󷨡
ˡ
ܼ޹ƵĴ˶УƵģ˶Ĥ顣
þѪȥݻ־ڻûиֻǱܵĸоΣնѡ
׼ٺȵȻǰƽȥһһѪЩ׶мȥ
ء
ʱ߹׾ҵĲʯҵĽٹҹޣ
״ҲԥͬһѪɳײڡ
˾ѪʢʺѪ룬׷ٵܹȥһھѪȾ߹ס
һ֮һģɫ԰ס
Ͼ˷ôྫѪñԴܴ֮ܵӰ죬弫ȵ
Ե㶫һ¡óһ裬Ƭ̼ˡ
迴۷ֱȻܹ裬⻹ôֻʥſ԰
һö裬͸ô൤裬ܵһƷʥˣҪ߳ɱص⡣
ŭףҲ̫Сˡ
ûңʲôòָѾˡ׷ۣעӲ߹׵Ķ


328 ɱʯ
һ豻׳ԽУ֮ѸһԿĿɿڴֹô࣬ô죿
Դ࣬㳢
ˡƣԵеĵ裬߶ľѪ˰˳ɡ
ˡ
߹ڣӴһǺ͵ڶ
׺˵ľѪͬѰЩۻ֮ЧԻʯ
ء
ײڣʯŭ𣬷Ǻ֮׷¶һ˿Цݣͬʱһ
ͬһ
ʯûлָǣ򲻻ֻɺ
ѪڣˮƵڣǹ׵ĶҲԽشˣҵĲ
ˢ
ɫҫأֱֳǹվڼԶĵط
ش󹭡
ɫһ¶Ȼ֮ɫʵǴ÷зĴôɱʥߡ
ɱʥеţһ䴩㻹ûġЦе
ߡ
һ󽫹ʥͷһ͵ĽٲƵĽס
֣ＴŻûлָǿʵɱЦݣɫ
ͷߵ˵Ȼס
أ
أ
Ƭ̣һ˺ɫһ޴ĺӰӹײڷɳŹʬ
ಣ
ʱûԥȫעڣɱһ
ͬʱ
䣬ͷʥɳɫĽâԼʮɣն˹ȥ
ʱǵıɱһС
ݺᣬɢޱʬ¶ʯĿ
ûлָǰͨǣȫ˺ɫĳëǳĿ£ʮɸߵڿУǹʬ
һٶȿķ˼ʯһŭƾһȭҪ顣
أ
ʥ߶ɵһһȭֵܵģ޵У䴩ƣһѪȻᴩؿڡ
кƵһֱϣ롣

λ̰峤һӾܵشɫѪҺһأʬ࣬Ϣü΢
׾ǣȻûͷȻǿ
أ
ʯŭѪ߰ߵ޴ĺӰɱһɫʬγɣϮɱˡ
ǧ򽣣
ɫ侲콣ͨʩչĽһͼֱѹ
ɫƽȼѪһȥ
䡭
ʸ͸˿ռ䣬ڿһߣٴιᴩ˻ʯ

ڱըǻԵ˲佫֮
һХڷ裬ֱֳǹһս
һҲȫһµĽͼ³һ񷣬ֱڻʯͷϡ
ˣ
ˡ
ȫɫ԰ףĶģ콾ƴһʥҲɵ
οûлָǺͨĻʯ
ء
ʯĺ޴ķѣɫѪɢ䵽һߣޱߵʬҲˡ
ôˣе㲻š
΢΢һЦôҪսһѪôʵѾǿˡ
þѪѹѾһȫ֣һλŵʥҲҪ䣬ο
һͷܸ֪Ǽ󹭵һʸԼڲõ̵£ѵֵ
ʯȫֲҲʵǿˣԼһˣǶ֡
ʯһɫʼҲ·ƵģĴҡڣһ̵
ô£Ҫô辪ɲ
ȷҪˣѰĿ磬˿ȥµľʯ
нɫâƣЩʯδֱڻˡ
ˡ
һ϶һԲεķƴСɫâƣһ´ķɳߴСâ䣬˵졣
׿һۣ漴ЦˣɽѰǣ
ţܿ쵽صλá
أ
׻֣һɹѰǸˡ
ףʲôŭɫؿ
᱾ĩλѰʦڣȻóɽѰǣ治ҷЦЦ
ʱ¶֮ɫЦҸˣҲԣڣʲôﶼҵõ
˵䣬ټһѾķѣˡ
ǲȾȻһ̳ǧ֮⣬˵չƽ
֣ģȲʵ
׿ǰһƬԫϱڣѰۣ̽Ѱصķλ


329 Ϸֱ
ˢ
ѰۣһɨκζΡ
껣ʯ̰ܶ౦ѡΪ֮õķչ
ϸһ˵ղŲûУȻɱ˻ʯδҵı硣
Ȼ̰ĳϣ϶ڶԪ񣬽ڶԪɱ硣
΢΢һ˵ֵ˼˵ıضڱڣ
ֻǱɴС߾һƳˣҪҳסҡͷһЦ
ʱ¶ޱȾ֮ɫҸ߳ɱѾˣٶˡ
λù콣ʥӣֱΪıɱأɫͱˡ
ײȻʧЦ֣ѵҾôôģһûĺڵǸز
ǿɲһСһ
ЦЦ˵ѰѯλãЩ鷳Ҫͨ
Ŷ
ʱеСĦȭʵҪʲô
ǧ򽣣޲𹥻ɽۣϡ
ΪΣ
ҵѰܿһǧ޲𹥻Խɽնɷ飬ʯıεȼ̣زܱն飬ʱǾͻҵˡ

Ŀһ޵ִš
׷ۣ콣ɵʥӲôȻɱϣҪĥһ
˷ɵУĶȫһХǧ˲ʩչ
˵ǧ򽣣·ǴƵģĽһӾͰѵȫˡ
ˢ
׶ýѰ۵ӵ£ûҳʯλá
¡¡
ɽۣ㱻ƽ˼ɣ쳾ǧ򽣣ɽ۶ֱѣɽڲ

һж˫УɲǼ䣬һСʯӽڣСʯ̫Сˣ˵СָͷƵģ
ֹ֣ͣɡ
á
ѪֹסͨȻ󾪺ؿһöСʯƯ
þСʯסС
Ȼҵǧ򽣺εȰԵʯӾȻˣͲŻʯı硣
׵ͷ
һЦȻҵ˾ͺð죬ʯΪһСʯӾѵô
Ǻǡ
ҲЦˣɫΪɡ
һ·սһ·ⱦڻǱѰˡ
һ򿪰ɣЦ
á
䣡
䣡
˿µѪҡϣ׺һ֣Ż
ͨУһͨʯӣڴʱУȴǧɣиֳʵĿ
ǧɵı磬һɫĴŴţסпӡ
׺һ֣ԴǿһͨڷɳĵɲǣС۴СֱӴ̴Сʯӡ
䣡
еСʯ󣬶Żɾǿ˲
ߣ
ߣ
׺ͬʱɹȥ뻣ʯıڡ

Ȼһ⣬̰̫ˣһϾܴô౦Ƿˡ
һƬ磬ʯȻûоĴı磬ƬĿռڣȴâ䣬ֹ⻪ҫı
ҲССıһ£Ȼʶ޾أЩ̫֣ó
ıȴԹʹãıȥ̫һ̫һͰһ㡣
аɴǴʥĲϡ
ö裬аԪˡ
ʥʮƷƷʥһĴҲûôʥ
衢ʥĲϣӦоС
һƵģʯ֪չ̰ٱ˱硣
Щۺı֮⣬׻ע⵽ɽʯ
Щɽʯаɴ鶼꣬·ǲرͼƵġ
ˣȷǲرͼ̰һõһرͼرĵطʼԴǣһƬϵ
Ҫˡ
ЦЦһӣЩɽʯ봢ָС
ǣ
ͻȻһ˸Ĳоǰɫ
Ѫڽо
Ȼ漴ôҲû뵽Ȼطõһо
ʼԴѾõŲоڼһţ⸱رͼƴˡ
ѪڽɵıͼҲ֪̺˾
˴еĲоױؽѣһںȥ̽գȥѰء
Ѫڽ𣬺öϧ̫СˣһáĿһҡͷ
Ȼ㲻ҪҲˡЦЦɷǾ߰ɣҲԿġ


330 
ټı磬ɽҰǱأɫâε۶
׽Ѫڽоź֮󣬿ǰıأ¶֮ɫ
ûаܵõЩѾϾÿһ˶ôõ
迴ɷģûɴս૵㲻ҵɱɣ
΢΢һЦ˵İɣҲˡ
ıɣ˲֪ҺСһ䣺˵ûޣʼԴҲûܱȵù㡣
ɫһڣõڮңô㡣
ʱס죬ڨЦǷ߰ɡ
ãߡ
˺ڿʼϷֻʯĴıأһһװǵĴָڡ
֣дãȫɡ׿ŰɴСĳͻȻɱڵĳ嶯
С
æҡͷҪТʦû
ֻֿܷôʥĲϣƾǵʵ޷и
͵һƺû뵽⣬Ŀһ˿ԥѵҪọ̃
ΪиһͶọ̃ûбˡ
֣˼ǣ
ȷ⣬ǻصʼԴǣҽʣµɳ͸㡣
Ҹ㣬Ӵ򹷣һûޱ飬ܱĵؿס
֣оôĵôĿڴһҪ
ڨЦٺٵĺˣͯۡ
Ϊ˹ƽҪʥ̫ԿˡĿһΪΡ
ȥҲǰ취ױҲռͷܳҲϺ
û⣬ҲСˡЦе
ЦʥǣĲںһأܴʥá
ʱ˷߽һĴãȻЩ
޼֮һǾԼԿˡ迴ףꡣ
Ц壬ôгԿأ˵Ϊѣ㱣ܼ춫ѣ㻹Ųң
ҲĳšЦһɳ˱硣
ЦЦҲɳȥ
棬ɫѾˡ
ףʹ˱ԵټټȻǶ֣֡򿪴̨
ЦЦʵҪȥʲôط
һƬԭ޳Ⱥֳûҽսڲԭֱ۷塣
׵ͷء
Ҳذɣ㻹ɵĳ𡣡
ߣ͡תˣɽ·ȥ
޳ܡŭһֻѾ봫̨ڣףһս
Խ𣺡ֱˣۣ֮ҵĲཫԽԽ󡣡
䣡
ģдŭ𣬴̨˲Ų뿪ˡ


״ɽ۷ӰϷĽɵļϡ
ˡ
Ľ״˴
˵ˣ׿żϵӰסˣղһ
ǰҸողÿǣȻȻͻˣ˵ĸоáӰԲ顣
Ӱܼ¶֪˶ãڿǣһˣоԼøǿ󣬾ԵͷŵޣҲ¡
СԭĸŮѽһֱΪеġ΢΢ЩΡ
ǱˡӰ񷢳׼ϷߣڿлָӴϲؽеһ˵ˡ
ʥϢӰʵǿ˲٣׶һϲ¡
ʱգ̫ɽֻһλʥǿߡ
Сȡְɡ
ð֪඼֣ߵʱҲء
ͽеɡЦЦ˵ֵʱȻһ˿ꡣ
ܺأǲйһλŮأ
Ӱܴо쳣ʵ
ǰ
ЦЦкҪһأѾȥˣ˲֢֮ڶԣ֢ʲôꡭ
ˣԲˡӰ˵
ûµģҲ£ߵʱܰ꣬ңҲϣҹҸѽ
Ӱ߳Ƭ졣
СľԶȥ׻ͷȥɾɴɽأֻΪǳʵԷ쳣
ǽһճ־õĴսôСľХƵںʻصĵѾӰ
ܣˡӰ񿩿һЦˣҪȥܣ
ƬϣԸһȺ


331 ս
ȻѾõױĥԼʵȺǧͷʵǿһս벽硣
ӰһǺɿЦ̫ˣǼôԸͺ
ȷЦЦ
Ϊ˷ҵְĺˣһӰҲˣƢԸֱѩһ
ǺãھȥѰȺĻ׽һСľٶּӿ켸
պסƬ
۸ҵˣǡ
䣡
Ӱ׼ϷɳȥɴСɫƤëҫҫԣһͷĹž޵񣬼𺳡
ӰϾˡ
ǧͷиֳаɳɢµ
мͷϢޱȵĿֲӰҪǺӰҪֲ֡
ۣƭңǼͷһȺءӰһϹ⳯Զȥٶ졣
ûߣȺսһ𣬴ѣԲﶼȾˡ
˶ߣӡȺ
΢ָһЩҵӰ񣬺ѵ⣺ܣ֪ʲô𣿡
һǵһμôຣЩӰС׼ϣԲ󣬴ֺá
ûһ˵ҲΪãȻӵϡѪս̫٣һЩ飬ҲΪʥ׼
ԭ˶̫ˡ
߰ɣƻָĲˣȥһսǿճ־õĴսºз
£ӰתսƬȺٴμյսۡ
ѵһǼͷ壬׺Ӱ񼸺ݱ֮֡
һս״üѣûжκʥҲûжñǹƾһͨȥӭС
弸ˣӰƴűһͷԵĴۣžȻ
һս˶ԶһСˡ
㼸죬ŻָӰңаµʱ˳ƽȬ
Һ˵ʥҩвٻǴӻʯıеõģҲۡ
һս˵ʵõĽչȺɱ֮
˰ɣһݣͷĺ
š
ӰҲŭɶļһ˺ҧĳһҪǡ
ͷҶԸȥԸʣĺһսұҪﵽ벽
䡣Ӱ񿩿һЦƨ

ҹ
һƬĺѪڿУʮǰǳս·ĿˮǺɫġ
ҪǺһ塣ӰɵУֻ̫ʹҲûϡ
䣡
䣡
ϯͷɳͨεɫƤ⻬羵ģÿһͷаɴ
֮⣬ͷˮ棬ȫХϢֲ
𣡡
ͷŭŭס
һս
ǿʳûʴ֮ģ뺣һƲʲôޣֻĥԼѡ
û˭˭ֻ̫пᡣ
һսҵײ

ִĽŭնѪƮ㽫һͷ롣
ͷʵҲǿԲעϾͰһС
ͣ
һͷ³һߣɲǼʹ͸׵ֱۡ
һɾʹʱȫ
ǡģѪ档׵ֱۺ󣬽űѸɢһѳӣۼԿ塣
ǧֻѪڿʳ׵Ѫ⣬Ƭ̼첲Ѿɭɭ׹ǡ
䣡
ȫڣеѪתұ۶ʱָ糣

һɫĽͻȻһͷͷаɴһ½ռֱնˡ
һͷȻƴֵ϶ֳһɫףҲ޼£롣
ȥ׺
ˢ
һɫķӰӰɿؽͷ븹Уĳطȴս֮
ǰ벽ʥûнԪ񣬵̺֮֮Ӱкܴİ
ɱһͷ֮սʤָ罣һ⳯һͷ¡
͡
޴ĽգһµĽͼŻɬӴѹɽƵѹ¡


332 벽
䣡
޴ĽͼȻ£󺣶һǧɳѷ죬ǧ
һͷ֮յضܹȥӻǱѪա
𣡡
ױŭˣ޴ףһţ޴ռ䶼ˣܰѸγһɷ籩𽥳ӿȥ
Ǿ޴׸ѳֲסԼ壬طС
ž޴ϡɼ˸ź⣬˺ҧȥŽҲС
Ϊǰ벽ʥݣ˵ӲҲˣŭֱҧһС
һ˲䣬֪жٺˮУĶӷ·һ޵׶һ㣬ռƬ˽ȥ

һգ˽ȥڱը״ʱҲ
ˣ
Ӱ񽹼شУһȺΧԮ
޷
񽣣
һ޴Ľ⣬ƿ˺ͷ­ѪƮգͬʱһ
ն
ǿȻͷ­ˣû͵ذβɨס
飡
׵屻޴βɨȫͷѣѪɣͬʱһ޴Ľг롣
䣡
ɨɣһХѪ纣ɫâҫأٴλָ۵ʵ
ЩҲ֣ԼɱɡӰĥһԼǳ뺣ףʹʹϴ衣
ϴϵѪһɾӰѪ߰ߵĳǰ
һֻСϡ
ˣһսŶҶˡӰ˵
սкôȥϴ裬ȥһѡû

Ӱָɵ뺣׳ϴ壬뿪Ƭ
һ֮
䣡
ƵѪգѪҡǧɣ׻ʣͷ⡣
һХɽӡ
⼸µļѴս벽磬ֻһš
ϲˣ벽ˣٹܶȹڴˡ
΢΢һЦһߵһף֪Ѿʮˡ
ʮ˵һ磬޵µġӰƨЦͣ
߰ɡ
ЦЦ׼뿪Ƭ
һɫâһ㣬ٶޱȣͷһ޴ɫӰ档
պ
Ƿ؆nѩ֮ء
ˢ
һѨĆnѩ˫¶һ˿ЦݣŴԭʧٴγֵʱѾǰ
ĽѾջڣûʲôֻƤ԰һЩ
ֵһջΣnѩЦϵϢԽֲˣƺѾܱȼƻǿߡ
ۣˣһݽɫܸоǿӰС׼ϣС˵
ţģѡ
ЦЦЦϲnȬڵΪʼԴҲһϯ֮ء
nѩһЦҲǿأһƬջСɡ
Сջѡ
ܵõһͷʱʥӰѾջˡnѩ쿴׼С񣬲һЦ
һɽͷɱ˼ͷҰɽųԣӰʮͷա
ףҪ뿪˰ɣnѩȻʵ
ţǰǧѾûֵĵطҪȥĺĵشȥ׵ͷ
ǺãһСnѩ΢΢һԥͷ
nҪ뿪һ
ǰҪȥħnѩЦЦȺžơ
ħȣʲôط
nѩǿ׳Ƶؿףߵɳ֮һû˵֮ǰôεġ
ΪΣ͵ҳ֪һŻûʿ̤ԭʼ֮⣬һŲ
ԭʼʿṳ̂˭˵ģЦnѩЦ֮Աǡ
䣡
뿪ѯʣͻȻһӴǵأָǧɡ
ˡôˡӰڰУ
һӱɴ˿˿·©һ㣬޷˺
ͷӰҪʼˣnѩ춼һȵ˵
ҲһҪͻƵǰװӰۻʱɽٱȻһ
nֳ֣ȷסڶʥ̫Σˣ۲׹֣ɫ
š
nѩͷɫͬࡣ
͡
âӆnѩָɳɫٲӰ
ţɫâӿӰڣΧγȻϡ
Ҫأӡֻ֧ң֮ɽ١


333 
ɫٲɫӡӰҸӡסϾǳõİ취֮޷ʥͻȫԱ
ҲҪҲſǣһûи˴ءӰС׼ϣߴߴզզ˵
΢΢һЦʵû֮ڳʥΪһµʥ
˷ģ¶ʱͿ벽ʥʱû⡣
nѩ첻ɷۡ
׿սҲô͵ᡣ
ʥ򵥣ҪһЩ㱾ҪڲܽʥֻǳͷԲŻǰˡ
Ӱںʮ㣺˷ģһչصĵط֮ҽ¡
С˵ôţʹʥҲҵĶְ
nѩʵȥ̲ס˵
Ӱһܽǲһ츳֮ѹ㡣
nѩԱ죬̲סЦҪӰôΣգ
׵һЦŵģҽ᲼һһ㶼޷ƵĴ󡣡
ҶƣܡnѩЦһš
ЦЦҲͣȴ֮󣬆nѩͻ׵ġ
ɣһ᲼󷨣һǾΪԴԴṩؾһǷԵֵһеˡ
ӰĬû˵
ôˣʲô𣿡
ˣҲֱҲʶ겻֮ǰǹһˣʶֵ֪֮ζ
ֻǶݵķֱǶߣ̶ıչأֻһգ۵Ĺѡ
ǺáӰԲ𣬴Ż죺֮ҪŶ
ĺˣ֮㣬ɽ١Ц
ѽӰ񿩿һЦϷߣɴɫӰεΪ׳ۡ
պ
׿ʼôȲһ󣬾ɽۣǧڵؾ۶ݵسΪһʥء
Ӱ񣬾һɽУҪڽϵʥ
¾֮׷ɵУŽµɽ¶һ˿΢Ц
һģѾԺг͡
涮󷨣ӰΪʥͬһ㣬꣬չˡ
nѩҲڰУеʵ
Цҡͷ˵λʱ㣬ҲҪʵİɣ
nѩƲ죺ҵҪһ㾿᲼ʲô󡣡
˵ûҪһԶݵֵʥߵķ
Уϥһԣʼ˼ҪҪٲϡ
һԪ񾫣һԨ룬иϡĿʯ˳
˿Ȼۺ쵽ЩļƷʯԪ񾫣Ǵ촫ʥ챦
Щʯ֮⣬裬Լʮɽ
ʮɽƷʥһ壬ʥ޴
ҿһⰡѵ±˴٣Զnѩ۾ֱˣóıɾ
Уɫâ˸ҹյǳȻʧɫЩǰ
ЩղضѣѵȤЦʵ
nѩƲ죬ߵȻУûȤֻҪܵõǲı⣬Щʲô
ȻȤҷܰɣҪһȫͶȥϾ񡣡
nѩЦģֻҪ־ܣһ㻹Ӧ
ЦЦʼʽĲ
Ҫµ󷨣ʮǬ󡱣
һɹصĴһȫʮɽԷϣĥʥߡ
㾡ѧյصֽ֮أϹʦ괫ڵ֮
⻹һβĴҪķѵ;ֱ
nѩԭſЦ̬ǲܲ´󣬵ʱһƣɫ𽥱ˡ
ʮ󣬴߹ģ
䣡
ʮɽǧɣɽܣɢſֲܣĪɽһܷӳʥܡ
󣬷ɽȥǹϢѹƮ
ÿֲ󷨣׵ı飬ƺûɡnѩɫ䣬µҡͷģҪô󣬿ҲΣա
ۣ
ʮ죬һѪƣ쵹¡
Ϣ˰գ˼ö貹ĵľȻȫͶȥ
ΪȱٲϣĽݳȻղһá


334 ħ
һ£
һµʱ䣬ײ֪ķ˶ģҲ֪˶裬ͷûףŽһóɹ
ԶԶؿȥɽ·𱻵뵵ַ·ǶԴһСУƬǿȫ
ֵĿܣȴÆnѩ춼Ȼ
׵ţܲһ󷨣ֱԼػЧ
ʥһһʥҲʱƿ
µͼǿһУ󻺻һнȫ
ʮɽϬķɱһ֮С
ۣ
ɹ֮â֣֯һȻѸȻȥ
ͷף˾һѪС
ô̬Ӧָܻùɣnѩûȥæ¡
ʵϣ׵ĻָÆnѩٴ𾪡
һʱһ촫ܣƵѪܣ׳࣬Ũܺڷ裬ָۡ
ҿ㻹찡ôͻָˡnѩһ૵ֵģӦþŽˣء
ЦЦһݣлnЩһ޷Ĳ󡣡
nѩƲ죺һûʲôǽѩѣҹͬˡ
û⡣Ц
nѩվ򱱷߰ɣȥħΪĵط
nҵһȣ˵Ŵǽзɳǣһʲôأﵽʲôط
׻ǵ֮ǰnѩ˵Ļɺʵ
nѩһȣɳǶ֪һΪء
ҡͷЦֻ˵һԭʼ򣬻δʿ̤㣬ʼԴǸɲŻµǰ
ĹӦ˽ģҲһŴǣҲֹ콾ܣѾǰˡ
ʱʼԴԶ廹ʢҲԸǷɳǣֻ˴ʣһ֮ȫʧƾղΪŵš
һnѩ˵̫ˣһգۼǣҲ̫˼˰ɣ
㶣峤˵ʱҲסˣʵ֪֮࣬ա
nѩʼ磬ֵɳȲʼԴôأؾҲ㣬Զѡڴ˴Է⣬ѡ
Ѹǵ֮Ȼ𺳣ϾԼ̫ңԶЩ۶˽⵽࣬ҲغҲ²⡣
뵽ֽʵħʲôط
ʼԴͬҲأֻǰŷɳǱһ֮Ĵʧˣֻʣħȡ
ħȴǷɳԶŵһսĹ޺УԶʿĻǴڣѾ
ЩΣ֮⣬޾ıأõһһ׷ɽҪǿ
nѩĵؽţЩҲҵ峤ҵģ֮ҲҪȥħʸִƽѩ塣
Щأ׾øĹӦ֪δµӣ϶Լ˵
µӣǰһƭ֮Щ콾ǲŷַɳǵĿֲ
Ҫˡ
пᣬЩĹҲᴫôԶʼʼԴǲ
ħȣ
¶һ˿΢ЦȻ㾢֮أȥһ̫ϧˡ
n֣߰ɣȥħȡЦ
nѩͷȻ־ؿףС̫ҪǿҪ㣬ħΧ޷һЩޣһЩƥе޶ѡ
ǧȥħ࣬оǿߵĲлƾʵһ뽫ɡ
׹һЦnַģһϧäĿðյġ
ǺãǾȥħɣҲҪͨĥҵΪһ
ˢ
Ӱŷɳһȥ
nѩҲֻ֪ħȵĴŷ򣬲ûȷе꣬ԴΪ
n֣ɳôɹȥҲδܵ˷ɳ۵糸ٶȶޱȡ
ʩչӡ磬·ܻƿռ䡣
nѩɫ˫չ˫һǧɣٶͬ졣
ģ峤ҷλҲħȲԶһܵ
ͣ㣬ȫǰһ·żҲ۵ޣȫһ˻ɱ
ЩǿҲǰ벽ʥnѩֵûС


335 ħ
գۣǴ¹ȥ
ħȵڡ
Զһɽ壬нɣƲУɢһϢĲϢ
ɽ¡nѩҲܼԼٵĲпͬڴ
ˢ
ʱҲͻȻһ뵵Ĺâ˸Ǵ̨׶ʱһ
nѩҲ΢΢۾ֹͣ˷С
䣡
޴Ĺų֣߳һȺˣȫͷɣʼԴǵ콾
һ˵Ϣޱȵǿ󣬰ƮƮ޳񣬼Ŀʡ
˫ĿžǿţͬʱһһŵĲбϢ֣΢΢ɲ顣

ͬһûϵͨħȵ·ϣȻ˻ĹźҵʥӣǸΪǿ콾ĺ
󣬻һЩˣȫǺҵٮٮߣлһϤˡ
飡
ǺҵĺʥӣйݵĽӴΪ˺ˬһλܽύѡ
ҲޱȵǿҲﵽ벽Ԫ磬뺫Զ
ΪһѾԪżǷȱֻĻۡ
һս֮ͿԳɹɽ٣Ϊһλʥߡ
׷ֺʱȺͬ͆nѩ졣
ţ
Ŀ΢ӿױȵѹϡ
ףСѩ塣ף˫ɱһnѩʱɫ΢䡣
ǺһμСͱ˺֪ܶʶһۿȥ֪ߵ˲
ƾһ˫ɫ򣬱֪ǽѩǿߣ˸ǳΣյĸоʥһ㡣
֡뺫ĮͬϲĽǺǵû뵽һּˡ
ֱͬһЦ
Цãܳ˯ңڣλǵ
Ȼ֣˼Ҳϸ壬仰˵꣬㿪ʼΪ׺ͺ໥ܡ
ЦЦѵˣʶˣʯʢ䣬һĿֵѰ
һţһЦôһ˵ҵˣڶʯʢôȥˣ˷Ҷˡ
ֿˡ
ЦЦĿƽؿ򺫸ȻһЦһַ꣬ɡ
ЦЦת˵ߡ
ʱ¶֮ɫΥԴǸس׿ȥ溫ȥ
nѩʼնû˵ȥˣʵǸħļһƺ᣿
ħָһҲܸܵӦѾ׹ħľͳͨħʵﵽۣڽ׵ʥ֮þϴ飬׹ħ
ħķܱǿ󣬵޷ΪǿߣҲ
ģħķһɹøΪǿͿֲ
ľبഫµļħ֮һӰ챾ԡnѩ
Ӿ𣬵nֵ˼ǣʹʥҲնһħ
ãΪħnѩѵȻźԶȥķĿгһߡ
׵ȻһЦһս
ҿóǱ˴˼żĳޣڵʵһֻ־ѹ㡣
꣬ſزֻʮѣٸһ꣬ҽѹ
nѩЦˣɫ˫ſХȥ߰ɣȥ
ҲЦЦʩչӡħȵڷȥ
ħڵڣֹкˣȻӰԶȫ۵˴
ͷһݣЩ콾Ҳ½֪ɳǵܣӸظ˹Ҫ
ˢ
nѩ콵ʱĿ⡣
ɽ⣬˸ɵ콾֮⣬ѵԶǿߡ
ģôһûĶǵˡɨһۣɫʱһڡ
Ϲ껡ҶֺҲˣЩ콾֮⣬мø缧
ǧˣܲɽĿյϣһɫĮ໥֮ܳӡ
ѩҲˣһôСȥƫԶ棬αسء
һߴһߴnѩɫʱɫ
һͷǿߣƤֳϺɫһ˫ۼ׺ņnѩ죬Цѡ
칷壬뱻ˡnѩɫĮһµϢͷų˲Ŀ
칷ǿЦ֣ħȴһǿȥ
ߣ
nѩЦɭȻĿ⻺ؿһۡ
ף
ͻȻһȴдӰ


336 ֮
һľ죬ħȵһƬƽĿյأɣ콾Զ˴˼ܼɵ
һȴдȴ΢üͷԲá
Ϲ껡˸¶мȻ޲üɱףҲΪŧʸ׶Ծ
䣡
Ӱһ˫īɫ˫ſ̹ǵĳ޺ͷ񣬽ضס
ɽҵʥӣ
Ҳˡ
֮⣬мˣȫ˰ëһ˫ɫǳͷķ˸ĪĹƺʥҪӲ
nѩһֻЦϣһĳң˵СԵаڳǧˣҾû˭ѡ
׵ȻһЦ˵˶ʼɵģ˶˵Һ
nѩ췭ۣ૵ģСԽԽˣСӽаˣʵа
ɫĮ¶пЦݣīɫһһ֮
ףڡһȣ󲽶Ǽëಽ
nѩʱ¶м֮ɫģ廹ŧΪмͿ޼ɵ
ЦЦɫƽضԴ󲽶˵ˣҾʹˡ
ߣҲֻѿ֮ˣ弸λΪնɱ㡣Ц
䣡
һλǿͻȻɢµϢͷϵǶȻ󣬸аɳ˸ź⡣
мףǼǷһ飬ҪǴ㣬ͦ򵥵ġ
壬Զ岻С壬⼸Ϊ˵Ҳֻ벽ԪʿᲢ۶ѡ
Ȼ⼸ʿף
ʶʵսʿЦһλɽʥӻ
Լ鷳ҲˡnѩѱܿЩ岢׵Ķ֣Ԯ֡
Ѱһ˲ŵ㣬ηһ·Ҫɱô
һ̾жɱ
ףҲˣмλĵڣձն㡣Ц緢Թڿ˽ˡ
ףɣ
λһҪɱס
ߣ
ʱ̴
Ҷ֡Ϲ껵Ҳ¶֮ɫĿⲻƵض弸ˣǿϢסǡ
岻Զ岻ѣ֮£ףȻҶ֣֪
Ϲվ˳磬ļ࣬Į磬ˮɫѪᴩ񷡣
Ϲ֮⣬м߳ҵļ
߳ĸ콾ԻĹҡ
ĹųڣĹԶѪսǧ꣬ΪףͳһʼԴǡ
Ѫͳ߹ͷ­ѪΪӮһƬ£ĿУʹôڶҲãݵ֣
ǡ
ɫһ䣬ΪвվȫʼԴǸ콾ȫãɱڡ
ֻ֮˽£λ޹أΪΪͷҶ֣Ҳף
ŭ𣬲ŵؿҶּˡ
ҶһЦŰĿⶢ弸ˣ£ʲôʱʸˣ
̫ˣ֮ɱѪɺӣҲǵڶ㾹ȻԸ壬ɽҪɣ
վʵǿߵնŤ˫֣
ЦˣǾ콾ӦеķɣԼĽҲΪĽ
ԶʱΪѪʳŭ𣬰սѪɺӣս꣬ΪӮϡ
ȻΪ˱𣬸ð֮踣ԸԼûΪϣȴСȺۡ
лλ⣬ӦЦЦǰһߣѪ߽ݺᣬһɽ衣
ףᣬ֮սֻ£廹ûʸ֡
ҶЦ
ϹҲЦҶйҲã壬ֻǾϹҵӦζѡ
Щȫɫ䣬û뵽ħſھͲ⵽ΧŹ
֮£ȷѾԶʱǿʢˣô콾Щʵ
Ҷҳ֣Ǿɣ
ĿͻȻһܸоõ⼸뿪ȫ֣ƵѪ˰졣
𣡡
޿ɱ⣬Щֻ֣ܳǾ޴ĽŭնǸԲ
Ϲûг֣Ȼ˵ԼӦǱ㲻Ǽٵġ
Ȼᣬǿֲսڳ˶̹


337 ǿ
¡¡
ս伤ңʵҲǿ󣬴ӵֱӴ򵽰Уնˡ
գ׳Х콣裬µĽͼִգһɫ˸ȫ
׺ڷ裬ɫѪҡǧɣǿƥս˲üͷ
콾ȫ¶ɫ
ɳǲѣʵֱǿˣѾﵽ벽磬ʱڡ
Ϲ껡Ҷ֡멡Ŀⶼֳһ˿ɱ
֪⽫һУһɳǽһجΡ
ģƺѾΪڶӢۣ꼧Ӣ۱£һ콾ûƢ
ֹʼԴǸ콾嶼¶֮ɫ׵սĿɿڴ
벽ѣȻôǿսʱȺնλǿߡ
ѵŽôԶĩ꣬дŽ£ʮλ죬ʱô꣬ǿսȻֳˡ
̾
⽫һǿѡһѣ֪ǶԻǴ
ǿ̾ϢħȿЩ忡֮󣬺޲ٱӡٳ
嶼û뵽ǵûСԽԽǿ˵ɲǺ¡
пʢ
ѾԤϵڲõĽսϵ֮С

ˢ
Ѫɫƽؿ
㡭㣬ҴˣҪɱңӽ֮ɽչأˡ󺧣¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
һսƵģڲʱնλǿߣѾŵøεѣɫ
ü˵ɽŧû뵽ȻųһҶֶҡͷ
ģǶ档
ǵģҴˣĴˣ֣һɣǲвģһ·ɣ
ںνϣͨһڵϣסؿͷĻһ˿ɽʥӵķɡ

׵ָһƽ⻮գһȥ
ףҪϽɱô
ĴīɫâýֶΣָеȫ
н裬Ĺâҫķ񷣬ܻȻϣסһ
ಣ
εѣҲ׶ԵУæ׼ߡ
ߣ
ΡȻһɫѸٵؽâһЩ軩ϰһţ趼ץ˻

ɫĽڿһɳĽɨ壬̼ˡ
ɫȻɱ֮ɫƽ˱ҲһŵӵܶѣЩ콾û˻⡣
ħʮ꿪һΣÿοңվħٴδ򿪵ӡ
ҵʱɳѾ׼ħȿʱ䡣콾Ц
ǰҸȻûиҷɳǵ࣬Ҳǲǰ˽⵽ŴԻ͵ʷ
һЩ콾һ໥俪ʼкδǶпִһţ˼ʹϵҲǷǳҪġ
콾ɹң˴˼ԶֻǾضħȿ
䣡
ʱɫԶɽһ죬ǧͬʱըƵģ
ɵɽһâڰУֱӽջһɵ
ħȴˣƬսǵ֮ء콾
ɵϣһƬɫ֮ɫаɣһɹɭϢëȻ
ڵؾͻȻɧƵĻ۶뵽ħ档
ɲǼ䣬֮ڣһ˿ؾ
߰ɣʮŴһΣɴ콾գħȡ
ˢ
һǧӰڿգ˹ȥգۼͷ뵽ħȡ
Сӣôȥnѩ쿴ס
״ԶҡͷҵһЩôû
İɣħһ򿪽ɳǣҲرգġ
nѩһЦ˫һչ뿪ˣһȥħ̫Σա
𻢵˶֮׾ٵһȡ
񡢷֣ѵΣô׺Ȼе㵣ģüͷ΢΢һ
ͻȻһ⴫ϤӰӴ̨׶ʱ¶Цݣһ
ȫѪ߰ߣϢңƺովһѪսƵġ
ôˣʲôʣ׷ɹȥʵ
ͷĿⶼһЦܻżСӣð


338 Ѱ
ϣǺɫɢɭȻϢһڹⴹһƬɫٲƵġ
׿˵Ĳ󣬲һЦǵǺܺð
һЦͬһһתķˡ
˶ˣƾһŵڣһԻǿȫĵ޸ˡ
䣡
ʱ󣬼ͷȬƵѪ죬漴ֱڡ
Ǿǳʲôʣ׺ʵͬʱݸǼöѪĵҩ
һƲ죬ߵ֣˵ɡ
΢΢һЦ˫кâ˸˵Һͼڰ·żģ֪ħȼ׼
ǸûãѪѻһЩ֡
۾ͳһ˿Щ廹ǵ󣬾Ȼȹǡ
˶ڣһƥʥʵ뼧һ·ѪսЩ䡣
ҷ˺ݣһֵ̣󲿷ѪѻǿɱˣΨʣһˡ
˫Ŀʱ¶ɱ⣬ЦЩѪѻȡ£ǻ֪ˣ塣
߰ɣȲô£ǴħֵһȥѰ𡣡
еĺɫһЦǿĥҪʼˣҺڴ
δ䣬㻯һâɹȥ֮ټ
һߵõǺܸɴࡣһ
΢΢һЦҲҪȥħˣһ߰ɡ
ಡ
ҲǺɫֻоһĵ׷ɭ֮ߡ
ƺ
ľͷһƬʱգ׺ͼûԥֱӷȥ
ƬսˣŨһƬƴ磬ʯᾣɵģʼһơ
ЩǵĺƬսɢഫȥʮˣķ
⻹ħȿ֮󣬵һ룬˸ںɫĵϣԶһȺɱ
ⶼ͵ȵֻܵǼ飬Щͬ顣
ն
ңңһָһ޴ĽƾճڰУźʱɢ
޾ֻҪ룬ЩԴԴֱΪֹ
һ֮޾ӿ̬Ϊ壬Ϊ壬Ϊ塣

ٺһͻȻһĳһֻ޴ͻȻգʮĶСͷ״ɢ
ʧʱ޷
СӣǾʹ˷ֱɣ֮ҲҪŬѱӷ
ڰ֣һʧˣ·Ѿ뵽Զա
΢΢һЦȥƬս̫ˣ²С̫ࡣ
ֻħȵΧֻһЩͽ׵ȥͻֲޡޣԼս
ѡһ򣬳ȥ
һ·һ·Ѫս
Ȼĥʥأʤרޡ
ֹ˼죬״Сս۱ٴΣȫȻȹû̫ޡ
𣡡
Լңڻһͷǿޡ
һͷ벽ʥͬޣĽѾǰͨ
һͷ޴ĺаɸߣͨмʮɵı޴ıƵĳ
ͣ
޴ƿҪˡ
ն
Ľһ󣬺Хĸȥ޴ĺҵĶײ
𣡡
ıӱֱնϣһ֣ǧն˹ȥ
ۣ
޴屻ֱնɷ飬һա
Ѿ˾飬ɢֻƬ̼䣬ֻ۳͡
޴ӳڿ߮ɢ˺
ⲻôû뵽ˡһҵĵ˸ն顣
䣡
ԶգһȺǶ
һȺ֮ӣ̤նɷӸµؿףϷʵЦݡ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҳϰ̧ͷ˵Ǽ
˵ʦֶĶ֣˵۲֮Ϊǲ𹬵ʥӡ
һ˻Ϣޱȵǿ絶Цؿס
ʦ֡
硣
硣
һȺóһ·˺ܹ
ף˵ǲ𹬵ӣ۲ΪЩʦܳͷΪЩʦһ
ˢ
׷ɵУЦʵλֵţ
ǲ𹬺ʥӻ涫ۣΪ𹬵ʥӡ
ף˵˵ãͷҵĴ


339 ׼
䣡
ƵӰڻ󣬾޴ʨӰԻΪʵʡ
󣡡
ٿȻ䣬һȣԼһȭȭɽһͷ޴ʨӣХ
ЦѸ֮䲼һ
һȺ˵Ϣۣȫֳ޴ʨӰ۵һ𣬻ûһͷɴʨ
ʨаɣɢһµϢŭһ޴צס
ģҰҲǵˣѵƽʱ̫ˣǾۣεҡҡͷ
һɺƵϢɢһȭ˻һȻ΢Ц֪ΪʲôôΪҲɱ֮󣬻֪Էš
䣡
ͻȻ֣һȭֳһɽһһܲεΪ׳ۡ
ϸȥȴ˺Ȼ
Щɽһ϶ɣףֱѹգ޾ɢ˼ʮ
򣡡
һɽͷʨиޣȻɢңʵһͼ
ۣ
ֻƬ̼䣬˻֮⣬ȫѪգűȫˡ
⡭
סˣ׾Ȼ̼ʦֵܲµĴ󣬶ֶκɨˣɱƬײʬ׶Ҳˡ
ֶ̫ˣսֲ㣬ֲ۶Ҫ˱ᣬ֮档
ԭΪҲޣСףֻǺ䣬ֻʣˡ
ಡ
û֮ģһâȥ
ȻڿգԼ㿴һɫסԼȻ󣬱û֪
屻ֱն룬ѪҺոȫˣһ߸ʬƵĽȥ

һɫĹâһһץ˻
ԭһöָ
жʱ¶Ц⣬ȻΪ𹬵ĺʥӣҵӦúʵŶԣָлвٺö
ָнƣƻۣвرԶ
ȻѲףѰɨȥκκνƶΡ
οһλ󷨴ʦ
ģЩҵҳĽָɫʱһڡ
ǧ裬һʥûУһЩʯҲ̫ء
ףǣ
ͻȻһҳߵСסĿ⡣
ñ
ֻһۿȥĿ㶸Ȼһ¶֮ɫ
һʥƷ׺ܸߣǴʥҲ˵СܷǷӡסˣһɫƣͬʱּǧƣҴƽ
ӦǻƬսżıҲ֪ȴû⡣
ųߵ̽ɫС¶ЦݣƷŻԼĴָڣȻС뿪
ҪһĵطȥƿҴĽơ
˰ʱҵһɽɽڵ֮󣬱㾲ع۲С
ЩǺ״һӣѪһʢڻЩ
ǧƣȴһС⡣
ʱ䣬ŰЩһɨ
䣡
һƱһɺƺƵʥŰһ㣬ɲǼɽ
ͬɽҲһͬΪ촷ۡ
׶ĺܿ죬һʱԶǧɣͬʱͷֵǹʥ
̳ɢһҾ޴̽ɫսڰС
˸̽ɫâͨ峤ǧɣһȻƵĴУһɹʥȥѹռ䡣
߽ʥѾﵽʥڲѾЩˡ
׷ɹȥվڴͷϣҾްԣȡ
һ
ڴܣ೤ڿڣڵɱˡ
ϸϸս۲һ飬ڴϷּ֣׼磡
ţҴ֣ȷǺñҪΪ
׼ֱ֣ǧɳĴǹǬɣޱȵļӲ
ǬǴ촫ʥҪϣ׼Զ϶һʥ
׼սϷܲÿһв֪̺˶ôµЩһһһֱ쵽ÿһڿڡ
΢еźǣʥǲȱģƺںܹϵʱܹش½˺ܶࡣ
ЩѾβӡһ޴ӡָӡޱȣβҪˡ
ǰ벽ʥǿ߲ѲҴֵȷвٵطѾˡ
Ĺܻʹã׳ŽһһŴ棬ŴϵķĶʱ˸µĹâѸٵؽֽ⣬һڵ
һЧ
ಣ
ÿһŴڵһ඼ť׺ԥذȥ


340 
䣡
ǧɿ⣬һƬձըɢޱǿֲıըڰ벽Ԫǿһ
ñ
״ϲսԶԶ
ϸо׼ֹܣһǧ裬˽͸
սа˰ʮŴڣʮѾ׷Ĳԣ޷תڵ
ҵΪ޷ԦսֻܵΪǿһЩóˡ
̾ŽǧɳĴװС
Һϵöָռ伫󣬷һս´࣬ڷŲ

գۣǰ¹ȥ
һ·ߣսҲԽܼɱˣ֮ǰɵľͽ֡
䡭
һƬĹʯ֣ԲɣɽʯӦоУиߴǧɵɽ壬Ҳм״ССɽ
һӰڹʯڼٴţѪ죬ƺֲܿ
мʮιﲻи׷ϣĺУֳС
ģЩѶԸÿһڰ벽ԪǺһʮͷ
ܵףºǰʮ֮
һȺɵ׷ᡣ
ЩƣѾָǰͨȻȸãӵгǿʵ
ݣ
ľ޴սХȫźɫ𣬻һն
ģɽ֮
ִ֮䣬һȭһɽЩս
Щ㹻ˡһ߷ɿ룬ͬʱ¶ЦݣЩţĥõİ취
˼֮ת֮սٴս뿪Ȭս
һһȥѾʱ䡣
ʮͷɱֻʣһ˶ѣһЦȫѪȣһȥ
ÿһض¡¡죬ɽʯ飬Ѻۡ
õϾȻ¶־֮ɫ󷢳һĽתܡ
ϣЩˣȻܡ
ЦЦһ޴ĽɫХһâննɷ顣

£նɱ˹ʯе֮׳һؾ
⣬еľ뵽ڣڣΪ˽չ
澭Խͣ·ÿһһƬС磬̺
Ѫ纣ƵѪֱ
ƺԶҪɽٻҪսһ߳ʯ֣ɵԶ
ѾħħȵĴСػڱԵش
Ŀһ૵ҪøǿҪС
𣡡
ûĹʯͻȻеɽʯɲǼ仯촷ۡ
ǣ
𶯣ͬʱܵһɼµӹʯŨĺǵأǰնʱޱȺڰ

һ޴еӿĵˣƬ̺ײɫһ䣬¶ޱȽ֮ɫ
Уһõ۵ˣȫ޸üһ˾㤵Ϣɢ

ʯֵ£Ȼһ
ÿһǰʥ֮֮Ϊǿ顣
ָǰͨϾӣϡܸоͷûлָȫʵ
࣡
ʮɣĮȻĿɨҪݣôĵӣȻҵʿˡ
һѾǣڵսﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬ٸʱ䣬ܳΪһͷʥ
벽ʥôô̼ˡ׹Ц˷ȷ𹥻
ն
ǹңңһָһɫƾɣɫУնգͬʱն׵塣
û뵽ҲǽޣҲҵĽɡĿһͬңңһָһɫ֮ײһ
¡¡
Բǧڶʱ¡¡죬عѣѿһִĺۼ漴Զ޲ˡ

ɱɫŽƵģɽХƵĶ
ɽ֮
֣֮

һʩչǿͨйֵסˡ
벽ʥս鼫ḻϾǰΪʥһսױȡ
˵ûȫָͨǿսҲЩԲ
ʮɵܸô벽һͨʩչˡЦЦһƵѪա


341 ȭ
ž
žžž
УޱߵĽɫѪȫ֣һڷ·ͷƵġ
ţڽڱɲǼʮɴСҺ·ʿƵģΪϵľװ
һŭХ·Ϊ飬¶塣
ȫᣬ˱ըڷ˻ضڲ
̹ħͬ
벽ޱۺڿʩչһǿ󵽲˼ͨ
ͨȫעʿ׼ģҽɾܸߣһġ
͸Լǿͨ񲻸˽Դͼҵľͨ㾫ϸѡһš̹ħͬ͸ס
˽֪ŽӲʩչһͨôԽǿκηҲɴݡ
Ĺǿ߽̹ħͬɾ磬ʥ
սλãҲΪˣŽŽɾͨס
ս
ʮɸߵ׼׳ޱȵľ׳ȿ丸һľ˻Ҫ𺳡
µƺҪˣ·ز
𣡡
ǰ벽ʥƣʱһХޱڣӰһǰ
˫ĮȻ飬һ˿˿ơ
ͣ
޴Ľ⽻β⵶ƵĽâŭն
ƣ
һȭǺƵƥϯһУһķ籩γһƬ羰
ɫ⣬һȭ顣
ڷ·ӵ޾ͨȻֱΪ
Ҫ̹ΪǿҪϵĥ
һҪʼĥԼʼպķά̹ħ̬ͬ߳ħ֮ǰٻظģ
𣡡
벽ʥŭ˫Ĺâ˸ɫĹâϢϮҪ׵ʶ
ʥߵ˵㻹С磬Ӵľбʱâ
һսʼ
ȫ֣ޱݻ𽣶ļŽһʼ񴫸ļͨ
񲻸ҽҵɾͣ͸ͨǽɾףȲ񽣻Ըһ
ǰΪǳֻʩչ𽣶ͨڼҪڣмͨѾǿˡ
䣡
ʱһȭ
·һǬߵֻһֻ޴ȭͷ֡
ȭ죡
һǿͨƾ̹ħͬǿ˾ѪΣգʩչһȭ
䣡
һȭֱӴڰ벽ʥؿڣ÷飬Ȼ̼£֪ͷ벽ʥʵѾһ롣

ѪڣȻвѪը񱩵Ӳƣ⣬һȭ
飡
ȭͷ벽ʥóʧһХֺ֮Хնе
һͷ벽ʥ޷ˡ
ۣ
˰벽ʥ֮һھѪʮɸߵҡҡ׹һͷء
ǲа̹ħͬȭǴֻܵǺķѵ̫ˣҪͨ·кԶġ
ϥգڵİ޸֮ױ̹һԶǧɡ
ͬʱ콾ħȿʼ
ѾߵúԶ뵽ħ˿µĹв˶ˡ
ǰǧʬ壬ѾʼˣӲȱ·ϿԿЩ˵
ȻǼҵĵӣ氡ǼҵĵҲҪޣ֮䣬ҲֻԼΪ
һ˵ţͬʱɢ䵽ϵƷȻһЩ򵥵衢ʯѡ
Ҳʤޣ˵帻ɵйҲֻԼ֪Ž岻
̫ķˡ
˵СǼʶˣȻȴлҪСŶ
һЦ洫һλһϮ£ò׵ŮԦһͷ޷
һͷ޴Ļޣ·ģܲ˸ŵĺɫâħд󣬺ϰ
λǣЦЦƵʵ
ڱȻҶʶ˵Լһ콾
Ůɣݣӯӯˮ۾һգЦؿס
ʵʵشĲʶ
ţҽϹģҸϹ껣һܣӦʶɣ
׻ȻǰλɰŮӣȻϹ껵ӣһԡ


342 Ů
ģĻ޼޴һɵŮվڻͷЦؿס
һĻ˴УȻôһλŮһֺܲʵĸо·Ƿżһ㡣
ι壬ҼĻҸ޼ôڱôˣ
ϹڻϣеĻεţ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ҳ΢΢һЦȤ֪粻ͣѵץô
ѽҺܷҸһּԸҪǿˣС鲻ȥġ
Ϲİڰ֣һҲġ
׶ʱһЦȻλɲۡ
Ȳ˵ҲΪʥ޾Ͳôǵġ
Ϲܴħһ·̵Ŀ϶ֲܿĻޣʹоҲЩɱġ
ϹһҪȥĥˡЦЦѵǰ߻Σգǰˡ
ιιιһȣѽѽ㻹߰׷ϹĻ֣һѾǧˡ
ˢ
һ˫ɫ˫ͻȻչ˻޴Ϲģ׻׷ȥ
ͷ޾ʦ죬ֲ˼ĹܣٶҲޱȡ
׸ոմɱһλ֮ϹЦΪ˦ÿҡ
ɫһڣɲʱһƿһϹ껵á
ҪвأϹҿɾͽˡ
ãͱ׷˺òãôô׷һ£
һ֮εؿϹġ
ͬʱҲһ˿ȣͷ޵Ϊ
ڸղŲǰ벽ʥϮɱ
벽ʥǳĿ£óϻֻ֮һױ
ؼʱϹļԦŻɱԼڻڣٿս
ò˵ͷ޼ǿ˫Сͷɵ˫һȣɵХֱӴ͸һλ벽ʥ
ͬʱ˵Ŀлһ棬ʱһּµ໥֮ûһ˿ִ
ǻͱҲǴɣͱԵļƷʯںһȻ³
ϹĸԽһ벽ʥϡá
Ҫǲ㣬ղžˡϹĴӻ޸зɳЦ
΢Цſܱͷ벽ʥɵ𣿾û㣬ɱ練ơ
ϹֻһС۾һһһضףһ˿ζЦݡ
ױúܲڣһðɣҳͷ벽ʥǶ֡
ŶҪʵͻСԺչĿռ仹ܴϹЦ
㵽׽ʲôط̫ΣˣҪ⣬ҿҪ׷ɱһӡ
ޣ⣬²ϹĺߵҲҲ磬һħʵ̫ΣҪһǿĸֱ
˵ʣһҪô죿ܶ˶ҵòء
ɫһڣָµĻޱ˵Ҳܴùͷޡ
ʵ׶ϹĲݻ޵Ϊ
ŵŮһ޸УʼٿʱϾͳΪһ޴ʦ
ôĻޣʹָ·Ѿ޺Ϊһ壬ÿһôȻ
Ҳ˵ʼݻʱͳΪ콾ȫƥԼ
Ҳ޺УʱйûһŮӵô
ԣǴˣϹ˵һ˵ļƻɡ
١
Ϲûԥһ⣬˷ܡ
˵һΡ
ٰ
ϹĿһЦ˵޶ϲͬʿְɣ㸺ܣҸƺ󡣡
׷ۣʵϹصӣôôһ׵á
ƫƫûôľɫģϢ
ǻƻ裬Ѫʹԭͻ谵ħȸɭͿֲ
ϹľһѩƵģΪⷽԲҫ۵Ĺ⾰
ϹЦȻʥ࣬ίʵϢ
ˣʢųʵɿСɾ飬ǶȻġɫ
ھˣͱװϹһЦ˴֮⣬һ֪ɽŶûȤ


343 ʹ
ϹһЦжһŵͼ˵رͼŶʥĴĹҶ֪طء
ɫҾô̰ƺ޳ܡ
ϹĺߵȻǱˣˡ
ȵȡ
ϹЦЦüһʵʵɿСɾ㻹ʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ħίʵ̫ΣգϹһʣգѰҵϹ֮ǰѳ䵱ıڰɡ
ϹĿֱЦ޳ܡ
ֻǰѶѡ׾
ɡϹóһط
׳ȥڻ޵ͷϡ
磬ָܻ̬ҿźܷѾأʮΪ԰𣿡
ЦЦ˵һͨҪ͡
ϡ
ϹһЦɵ׼£ѩ׵С󣬿⻹ͦʵġ
ɫһڣѾͷѵڵϷôѵԼԴ󷢣
ھȥ٣ŶѰϹСһӣŻħڴ
ԶԶȥһʮɾ˵ļһĵŮϹ껿֪ɫô
ݡ
޵ٶ죬׵ӡҪͷʥ޹Ȼͬ죬ȻʦĵƷ

գۣ֮
״Ϲħȣǰ
ڼͷ벽ʥ׺Ϲɱһ·оգ̼
ãû뵽ҲħˣΣգһ𴳵ɡ
˴ɱһͷ벽ʥϹĸ׼ϣ洫һԽ
Ϊ̫ˣֻ֪޵Ϲģûпס
ˡ
ʲôѣһͽӣ챾òһѡϹĺߵ
ιιʲô˼׵ͷһϹЦЦһ˿Цݡ
ǼһСģôŶŮЦ
ɫʱһڡ
ݡ
ӰԶһһϮɫװ޳üĿü信Ρ
ԭЦ棬ǰĳɫʱһҲ
꿴Ϲеı飬ɫԽĿ絶һ㿴ףã˭ū𣿡
Ϲ˪ղŽȻͬҸܶˣǲ죬Ҫãҵ֡
Уҵѣɲʲôū͡
ѣһçƵѣ
ǺһЦĿ⽥ʵҲħʿɣ֪ôƺ
ҪߡϹĺһ˵
ױ鵭Ȼһ۷˵֣ҲǷҵֱϵӣͬһλʥӡ
ȻҲﵽ벽Ԫ磬ֲԶսͬն
ߣ
ЦһҶϹķɭĿ⿴ףвв֮⣺ֵܣϹﲻȾָģòƽϣԼ߰ɡ

Це
󵨣
ˣ
δ˵ļλҵӱŭһɱ
Ǵŭ˲üһɿµϢɭȻ
һҵĵӣ춼ˣ
䣡
ָţƬضסˣһƵģץ
أ
ҲܲסɾݵΣա
Ҳҹ𣿡Ϲ¶ŭݣ˫һ˿ɱ⣺Ųûѹ㣿
ãȻòǺѣӦΪǽѡ
һЦɫñ䣬׵۹·һˡ
䣡
ȻЦеģȴȻ֣һȭһ
΢΢һǬߵһֻ޴ȭͷڿУ¡
ۣ
ȫûָʱ飬ȭͷϿգ˷֮⣬ӱը
ۣ
ȫѣ¶ޱȾ֮ɫһѪغ˭㵽˭
仹һλ벽ʿһȭһͷ¿Ϲɰıӣߵ
ɫ䣬˼ؿף壿
ҡ
ɫƽؿŷ֪ѾˣΪϾҪˡ
Ƿֵ֣㲻ܡ
ۣ
ȫըѣǾ޴ȭͷʧڿУضҪסĺƴȭ⣬Ҳʧ


344 ʦ
Ư
Ϲɫûһ˿仯һȭ򱬷Ц˵
׿ԼϵŮΪԣʹΣ
ܲа͵ҵıںˡϹЦ
ˣϹˮ̫ˣʺСʿ̾૵ѷҲˣҵĵֶˡ
ûֻ֪Ϊͷ¿ħȵСϹں˵
΢΢һЦϹұܣǾǼõġ
ȥأ
Ȼ޷Ҿ˵ǹɼ飬ñ߳ŭû
㡭
ϹʱһƬߺ죬޳ܰࡣ
ǻ뿪
ϹĿһЦߵ޳ܣΪ͡
ԣʼչսƷǷҵĺʥӣЯŲٵĺö˺һЩƷʯ֮⣬ǻһͨķ
յצ
ϹĳһۣЦһŲͨأȻȲղʩչͨҲ
ԡ
׽ͨһ䣬ĬĬʱһ
һȭſָָţ˸ĵĵ⣬ֱץһǡ
ܲ
Ϲ۾ֱˣ㶵ؿף૵ѧˣһ̬
ЦҲ̫ѵͨɡ
ͨؼˮ¥ӦǮɡ
̰ᡣ
ϹĺһСһ趼̽С
ܷģ費࣬Щ͸ҰɡС󣬿Цͣ
бۿޱҪ˵̰Ƶĳ̶ȣǱ˴˱˴ˣҲδô̰ƵŮ
Ҳ

׺Ϲĺϻɱ˷֮ɫƬ̺İüǰ
ۣ쿴ԨɽȻôʯϹأˡ
˼ȥҲֲٿɽ
ȻЩʯɱⶼմȾҲ޷һɴɨȥЩɢˡ
Ҿе㲻ƽҸˡɡҪָһ룬ôôù
ϹЦĺϲ£죬СǰԵôۣһЦذѿʯװԼһ˵ôƽˣ
ҪԼһĥǶô飬ֿԴܣֿԿŮôõȥ
𣿡
԰𣿡Ϲòƽߵ׸ۣߴ˵ɣѾ׼ˡ
׷ɱһǧꡣ
һ߰һǰԽߣԽǼѡ
һͷָ˰˳ʵĹʥһս÷ǳң׶Щ䡣
޶ۣ˺Ŵͷʥ
ʮ죬Ϲĵ¶֮ɫϸؼ޵Ŀɿڴˡ
СѾͷȻͷ޺ˣȻͿʯȻһ˿Ѻ۶ˡ
ʲôûŮôԤϵģѾͷȻˣĴתΣЩ׵Ŀ⡣
Цһǿˣԭ㻹һλʦͷԼİɣ

Ϲĳһ׵¶һĨɬ֧֧ô֪
׶ʱһ
ԭҲֻǲ²⣬Ѿͷ׿ڳ֮󣬻̲ס̾һ
СС;Ȼϴﵽĳɾͣ˵ǰ޹˰ɣҲˡ
ϹҲΪʮĻĹż壬Ϲľ콾ҲϹš
ǲǱˣôŮӣѾˡϹЦĺܻá
֮˼ǰǵԽĽÿÿһͻһζս
һδζս׵ΪٵоڲԶˡ
ϹĶԻ޵Ҳ˺ܴߣģĻھ޸ܱøǿ
䣡
ֹ˼գ˸շԽһɫĴɽԶԶؾͿԶǧ֮ɫâ˸
һǿӰУͨںһȵϢɢһȦȦ֡
زÿһѡ
࣬
һƬɫĺ棬Ƭ󱻼Ľ֣һȺ콾ҵĹ
䣡
ʱԵͷָųʵĹʥӺ׷ɳɱ
Ϸ
ЦЦվɽȤؿš


345 ˸磿
ιιҴҲأȥæɣɽϣϹ׼ϣܵǰǿֲĲ¶һ˿ġ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ㿴Ⱥ˶˭ͷʥǶֵġ
ȷ
ƬĶʼԴǵĸ콾
Ϲ껡Ҷ֡멡ۡȵȣÿһǺպ콾
Щʥ߶Ҫ𣬸οͷδȫָͨĹʥ
أ
򣡡
һͷʥҶֵȭͷͶ۵ĲʨͬʱУʱȫѣ̶ը
һͷʥҲϹ껺ͼ֣״顣
ûУǺģҪҳ֣ЦЦǻǰĿϷˣˣ㲻еͼôƬʲô
ñ￴һ¡
ϹóƵĵͼϸ˼ۣȻѽһʥĹء
ʲô
ӣҲˡ
ʥĹ
ǰ
СѾͷͷйâ˸ѧ׵ӺٺֱЦ֪жٱأ
һǻְɣ仨ˮıعΣ
ԶҴ磿ƾʲôѽֲҵˡϹڻһ䡣
˵꣬ˣСȻü죬¶һ˿ɬ˫͵͵Ƴһס
ȫڹעԶǳսûϹĵ쳣һŤͷЦŮǳ

ϹĻعĲʵ֣ʲô֣
ǹư΢΢һЦ
ƬĽƣһоɱ͸Ѿ赲Ⱥ콾ʱ
ҲѾƿҪˣϹ껵սεȿְֲ֧ʱѾܲˡ
߰ɡ
׹һЦʾϹĴ߶޹ȥ
ϹĺɵشףߵҾЦݺɭһˡ
ҷǾӣŮڲ֪ô
ݡ
޺ХȥһХλͬΪʼԴʿǡ
䣡
վڻϣһȭƵȭ⣬޴ȭͷںϿգݺȥ
ء
ҵĲǵƶбĿܡ
ó֮һȭôϣϹ껵ȫ˰ʱһȭЧԡ
ˢ
ʮĮĿ⳯׿
Ϲɫ䣬ȻһХ¶ŭ֮ɫһϢƴͷųȵףҶó֣
䣡
Ϲѣҵһ֣һڿзϯס
磬ס֡
ϹĲŻޣϹһеһĿһݡ
ϹҵСȻôƾһͷ޿ԵֵϹ껱ŭһС
ЩȻóϹĲݻ޵ˮƽѾﵽʦˮ׼
Сãô
ϹһԼþȻˣʱһ
ǲ׾ͳ֣ҵףȹҺܶءϹĴӻڷɳĹĵ
ʱ˵ĿúܹŹ֡
Щһ˼Ծ֮һ۾ͿϹҵСԽкøС
һˣ˵Խ
ǽϹҽˣмҳôǲɱ⣬ô֮һ˭Ƕ֣
΢΢һЦϹֺαضŭûжʲô֮¡
Ϲüߵң
Ϲɫѵôһص콾ʧ̬ؿһףֶϹ˵СãǺˡ
ҲŲȥءϹ˿׼ϣţһҪһȥء
Ϲ껵ɫʱһڣĿɱףʲô˼ںŪҵС𣿡
ЦЦ˵ϹˣʲôƢ㻹ôһµô
Ϲһ˷֮ɫСãϲԾ¶һĨЦ
Լжôŵ˻һҲ׵Ը
һһԸϵ콾ЮһŮǶȻġ
οԼСù龫֣л޻ԼҲδǶ֡
СģŶûϹ껾ͳΪ˸ˣϲɺذ
һ٬ԶһӰһ
޼ɵЦޣܲСӸǳ
Ϲ껵ɫޱȣɱ˵
񣬱졣Ϲ껺ȵҪҶ֡
˭˭ΪΪСӵĴ˸磬ҾͲҶ֣һʢ൱ţϢ翣·ƬպΪһ塣


346 ʥĹ
ϻɫǧɸߵϣһؽһ۽һƬס
Щ콾ĹԽҪ׸ղһȭЩٵơ
һ࣬ʮ콾ţ˴˼Զ
¸ղһ빥ʱΨֱ͵Ϯ
վһԣƵĿϹ껣糾ţţҲʶһˮתء
Ϲ絶ϣֶ֣ȻҪ䡣
ҿ
ŭ˸ôСʱһгһ𣺡Ϲ֣ǼҵӻݲñӣõܲĶ֣أ
ԣŤһ˿Ϣ͸¶
ز֣ںһ𣬽صӵ޵е
Ŀһȵҵ鲻Ҫ֣˵ϻһ򡣡
΢΢һЦ˿ŭȻ㲻ΪϾǼҵӣǲԹ۵ġ
ɫȻվϹһɿµסԷĿȡ
Ϲ껱ƽԼ콾ļл̬֮ûһ˿ңֻһҳ֣Ҫ׼
ˣ
Ϲһŭȣ˽ŵľƸȫˡ
ûޣбҪ𣿶ĥԼģαôӣ
Ϲľ죬ȻȻޱȣס˵ۡ
Ĺ˵治˵˼ҪóףҲȰȰǰɡ
΢΢һЦְͣɣνĴûҪ
ƵؿϹ껣ߵǿ㽫пܳΪ׵Ĵ˸磬ҷǱһ١
Ϲɫʱһڣ׿һۣԶܳΪҵ÷򡣡
ǿɲһϹСֹ
ɫҲһڣɲǳʲôţҪʲôԣص𽣶ˡ
ã̼ˣٴ̼Ϲֻɱҡװ뿪Ц˵
ϹĿһЦŮ˼ϸ壬֪ΪͻȻѹ·һʯͷסƵġ
쵰ô㣬ȻҲϲߣһͷҪȥ򣬿ʲôá
Ϲа뵽СõĶûеòģˣҲһ
Сãȴ׼Ϲվ׺Ϲܵӣ۾
Ҫܣƭ
һЦŮ׸Ҳû취
Ϲؿ׺ͼһۣͷߣͬʱڵ˵ϾҪƣλų֣ıػǰ֮ǰԼƽ֡
һô
״ӻϷɳϹڻϣԶžһ㣬ɢϢϢ
ҲǰһߣֱЦзݣҲӦҵһݲǡ
˵òȻ֤зݣҲӦҵġһХһӰԶٶ졣
֣Ҳˡ
֡
׺ͼ񶼵ͷһЦ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƾնǷֱأû˻Ը⡣
ԲʥĹҵȷֵģλ޹ءһλ콾Ц˿ˡ
Ĺȷ֣ʵλûʲôϵ˵ǻࡣ
һЦ˵ıأֵܱҪõһݡ
壬̫˰ɡһ콾Цֳһ泤ǹ˵ޱ
ڿ̵׵ܵܣȻûڿô£ڱһźպִ
ʥضѣΣûʱһλ˫֣ɫĮ˿ڵ
¹ƽ죬¹ҵһλʥӣɲ⣬¹ʥҪ¹һʥӵѡһһܵ
ߡ
Ц¹ƽʵ˶û˵
һĹѣжٱأ͸һݡϹĿһҲ˵
ڣ˼ʹ뷨һҲ˲ʱȤķ
ϾϹҵʥӣΪѾﵽֲľ磬֮Ϊһĵһˡ
Ϲֹ
СӲҶӡĹˡ
ֻЦЦһϿգǽƼֻһȫѿˡ
ȻˣǱһ֣ȹưɡϹʺϵһλ䣬Ϻأһֲŭİ
ã
˵ͷ׼ǿһ


347 ʥǼ
ɫĺϣһħӰţǱܵȻ˫ǿҵźͰ
ȻһȺ˾һ𣬲໥֮ĹϵãֻΪضʱŽᡣ
ˮת
ȭ
ȭ죡
ʨ
챮
ɲǼ䣬콾һ֣ʱƬƺҪˣʮ콾һѳգϲ񷡣
ϹͲŻԶ룬ĵ͵͵һЦЩ汩һԶԶɡ
վԶɽϣһȺͬʱһУܵǬߵز޴ҵϯ
ѽѽ̫
ϹļæڣŻ޽ϯ
䣡
еĽƶʱͬʱһµ³ȥ䷽Բǧڵĺˮ¶һ׵Ĵӡ

ܺˮӵҪӶ
޿Ȼֻһţ˶ںһ޴Ĺײģš
¹ֺͼλֳֽˮֿҰײƿϹϿҡ
Ϊʲô㣿һλڿмߡ
ϹɫȻƽ˵ΪϹҵʥӣһ̰īǵһݱء
¹չЦЦ͵һ֣һǧɵĲˡ
ͬʱмλ콾ͬʱ֣Ǻ嫵޾񷽵һƬƬ⣬泹׷ֿ

ǧɵĺˮӲֳأںһаɴСĹײľš
䣡
Ϲ껴һƣָſץǾ߹ײġ
ԶϹĲ¶һ˿ɫ૵ҪСŶһʥѾͨ飬ǾΣˡ
ƺХһҪ߹ײĸץ
䣡
ٿȻ䣬ײںȻһض㤵ĲűһɳײϹ껵ϡ
飡
Ϲ׳ɳȥѪУֻһжѣˡ
磡
Ϲɫ䣬С
Сñû£
䣡
Ϲ껵УѪһߺХٻѨ롣
ɫ˫Ŀɱ겻ˣȴһƿ
࣬Ҵҵߣ
һϡŭŰӹײڴ޾ѹַԲǧ޾۶ȫײĸա
ѹ
޴ѹ
ʥµϢʵֲ̫ˣ纣޿ƥеƺѹ
ߣ
ѹգ
һȺ콾̻عȫЦһƵѪգɫâҡǧɣס޴ڵѹ
ϷһܾˣǵľұԸˡ¡¡죬صС
ۣ
ֻһѣӱըеĵطݣп񱩵ӿ
䣡
·һͷԶŵ޼ǿµĲϯһУɫ䣬Ӻˡ
ˣ
ҵӺ״ÿһ죬һһɱ档

ͻȻһ콾ҽУȫѣ̼
ʲô
һȺ˴󾪣޷סɱһλ콾ҽУѪ
λ콾ľѪͲ⣬һæû뺣ڡ
ߣ
Ϲߣһȭ޷˿߻顣
ʲ콾ⱻɱǿ˿Ϊ
˿ӦһֹͨԽܼһ˿Ρ
ݣ
һ˿ߣϸޱȣȴſֲĴ͸ϢĴ˷ӿԲעͻᴩ塣
ۣ
һ콾ᴩֱۣ׺ȻУնұۣ˿߿ľѪ

콾Ӧ˿߻۶Ѫˡ
һ˶ѣҲǰŪͨϹ껳ŭˡ
Щ콾ȻûʲôϵƤ±ɱȻϹ޷ܡ
䣡
ŭХҵĻӳһȭһзЩ˿ȫû
𣡡
ϹУ˸ɱ
ۣ
˲䱬ըͬʱ޾˿ҲޣƬ̼䣬ѾˣҲ֤˿ߵĿֲ
ҵߣ
Ϲ껸սЩµ˿ߣԽ㤵ϢӺ׵ȫɫأȫ䱸
䣡
ӿϯز񷣬һ߹ǼܴӺ׷ɳУɢüѵĿ²
һʥĹǼܣ
콾¶־֮ɫ
ϺõѪʳҳǾͿԳ׸ˡ߹Ǽܷǳͨѩףֻ֮ȼգǳʢ


348 콾սʥ
ֲɱǧ﷽Բ
мս޷ӿ纣ɱ
һߴСĹǼܶѣȴɢЩ콾е㤵Ϣޱɱۡ
֮һԺ״ȻˣˣȫΪϷѪʳɡ
һ֣ʥĹǼܷͬСɣһָǶˡ۳ȵ
˵ȫ콾ɫأ˫Ŀ絶ƵĶǾʥǼܡ
һȺδɵСϷݺʱǵ涼δ׷ϢǳŨҡ
ģŻ˭أǼң˵Լ֪Լ𣬲һʥô
ңʼԴǵļң
׵ͻȻ֮ɳסס
ȻǼҵĵӣ̫ˣѪԵ֮Ϸܸػָʵˡ
䣡
Ǿ߹ǼͻȻŨŨϢԲǧڵƼȫۼ֮ڡ
Ȼһ߹ǼܷߣɲǼмʮɸߣһֲϢ㤵ɱ
ҳ֣
ϹĿһ֪ȥˣХһɱȥ
ˢˢˢ
ͬʱʣµĶʮ콾Ҳɫͬʱ֡
䣡
Բǧʱѣձ
ϹͲŻ뿪Զǧ֮⣬ͨۿսĳ
СҲҶϷ֣֪ɭȻЦʮɸߵҲˡ
һֱѣһֱ׹͵̽һӾһ콾ͷ­
콾һľѪ䱻ɣ뺣ס
ȭ죡
ɫ侲һֻߵǬȭͷݺݵ߹Ǽϡ
ɽһȭȴ·һ޻ϣʥǼ˿׷Ц
̫ˣ̫˰
أ
ǲ԰׵İ׹ֵת򣬳ȥ
һǰδеΣͷ
񽣣
ȭ죡
챮
һ
ֺͼɫһ䣬ͬʱɱ
Ϲ껵Ҳ֣һǿһᴩգݺݵײǼܡ
һ
ǰ׹ջأҵһס콾ɱ

ըﲻʮ콾ȫһȻ߹Ǽ׵ֵסˣƾݷ籩ģݣȴ˿ڵ֮Ȼ˸ŹĹâ

һӿˮ̼֮ûʥǼܡ
ͬʱһ˲ǧҲڹǼϡ
أ
𣬽ɢһѩɫĹǼܴɳŹŹֵЦݣһƵĴӹǼϯ콾
ŨŨԵء
ս
¹ƽŭҲмʮɴͬʱͷۣһУɱʥǼܡ
һȺĹǰСôϷиˡ¹ƽڵһԷ¡
ȭ
ҶִҲǿһȭ
һֻ޴ȭͷɢǿϢһ£ѹգֱֱײ
ˮת
һһϯ
챮
Ҳ˺ݣ뼧ʱ֣ͬʱ߶һ鲻һɼʯ
ȻֻһɼޱȵĿֲһӾѹգХһǼܵԴ
ʨ
۳ХҲֲľأһͷ޴ʨſ죬Ҫ˹Ǽܡ
һȺСǻУ
䣡
ǹǼܷɲǼȻǧɴ󣬸һգض
ǣ
߹ǼɢĿϢȴԽĿֲɱϯһУֱԻһ
ˢ
ֻڣɫĻ棬ǰɫĻޱȣ˵궼еս
潻βйǧٵŽƵģÿһ콾
ã̺֮֮Ϲ껴һˮΧס֮䡣

һգһ޴Ľͼסס
ͼͷѾĺ飬߶µĽͼ
̶̵һ˲ǧ齣ͼҲ˲䱻ǧ顣
ģ£֧Ѿˡаͬʱóĵسš
ͬģ񡢷֡ۡҶּҲǿŵֵס֮䡣
İɫ棬һܼıžձӡ
ѣΧڼһʥǼһңƾ춯ء
Щ콾ҲǶ֡
˺Ȼһʥ֣ûУ̼ͱɱˡ


349 

콾ֲ֧סˣȫ֮͸Ѫɫâû뵽ס
ۣ
ۣ
֮ԽܼҲԽĴ½½˿ʼ䡣
Ƭ̼䣬ʮˣֻʣļλ콾ܳŵס
λϾһʥĹǼܣọ̃޷ֵסԵĵƣ֮ɱ
Ҷֵֵĺ࣬ͷһʥһȭӰס֮
ѵĿڣ׵ˡ
ʱҪԭĥ¼ѵһǿĶ֣ҵǱӵ¡
ϹԶɵһˣˮתסйͬʱǰһߣȻ뷴
ֹס¹ƽҲɫȻ֮䣬ǰȥ
ȻλһѣȻҲʾҶɫ΢΢һ䣬Ц
䣡
һȺٴγ֣ʼȼѪľ£ִһ
ȭ죡
ŭ𣬺ڷ裬ͼµĽͼѾѪͬǿƵĳˡ
ֹŵһȺ콾ȫݣƴžѪתΣգٴγ֡
ʮ콾ȫһʥ߶Ҫ𣬺һ׻һСǳ
ߣ
ףŷŭͬʱһ˿ɵ
Щ˵ʵСӣһֻйǼܵʥҲɵˡ
䣡
ѩɫǼɢϢѹ֮ڻɱ⣬ɱһʿ
ʥһŭرѣ
һֻѩɫָ֣ʮһɽƵģѹҪɱЩ콾
ָ
Ϲ껲Ϲҵʥӣɫ䣬ˣʧܾõͨĴ󣬶һָһָÿһָӰٱھָʱ׶ġ
һĹǼܶѣ֪ܷӳָļҺɵ
¹ƽŭȫһصĹâ֣Ե÷ǳʥࡣ
ͬʱͷһɫĵӳ֣ɢƺƵʥֵܵɱ
¹ƽתŵͷһâ
һ˿˿ȥӿȥ羪κһ㣬ӿޱȡ
ã
콾Ѿ˷裬ڲõ̵£׼ɱʥĹǼܡ
ȺСǲ֪˰
ѩɫָͷѹǧֲĹâ˼㶼ѡ
еĹֵסը촷ۡ
ֻѩɫָͷҲˡ
ţһԽȻϢһֻѩɫָգѹ
صѹ˲ϿѪˡ
һ
Ϲ껴Ҳ˶ڴ
䣡
ͨһɱָݺݶײһ
飬ֱӱһƬ磬ջΪ촷ۣâ䣬ѩɫָѣǺɡ
Ҳɳȥȫˣ֮˵壬е˱˵Դ
ѩɫָжϢٴѹһƵģϢ˿Ѫ˭⡣
ȫĹͷˣȻɷһХֱͦ޾ʣ
䣡
ȴһȭԼҲ;ƿݵ״̬ĳŵ貹
ܴ̫ˣ඼ˣ˵˼һʱ޸
һȭϹ껵ҲХһƵѪգȻȼվѪ֡
䣡
һλ콾ûгסѹȫѣɲǼ
޷ˣ
면Уȫѣ䣬üĶʼѪ޷ס塣
һŭ𣬳һöĵ֮üͻȻѿ߳һˡ
һУʥսū
ÿһ콾Լĵ̣ɵĳǿ߸Ƶսū
ʥսūʵǿܳɹսūѾӵ˲ǣȫʢʱڵΪ
ˣ
˱ɫû뵽멾ȻóսūԿ
ˢ
սūһͬʱһȭݺݻӳһ籩ϯһָ
أ
ǻصϢƺƵϯǧҺѾ˺Զͷʥֵסɢ
ô˻ᣬ˶ˣʱҲǼķǷʱ
˭ķǿ˭˵ٶȱܿ죡
䣡
һǧ￪⣬ʥսūʥǼܼսһ𣬸һƬ磬ֻһʵ˻
Ϸ򲻸İ
飡
޾ӷ籩ɢ˾һȫ۾˶ȥ
޴ʥǼѾ֧飬˫۵֮ҲϨˣ멵ĵҲˣ׻ɻҡ


350 ʸ
һƬ򣬱ˣͭɫĹײľںףȻɢµϢ
ǾʥǼʧȥκܣһ㻯촷ɢڿС
۾ˣҶԼĵ̾ǣʥıҪ֮һ
㡣
ν
Ǻǣԡ
һȺ콾ںʮˣȫǸɻ߻ĹҵľӢкԴǻӻԱز̫Ȥ
Ϊ˾ĥʥǼܵһս˶µ
ֻúþ޼£Ⱥ˵ʵ
λҪɣҾ߹ײйŹ֣ʥвȱʶڹײڡ
ϹŰͭɫײģĿء
Ǿ߹ǼֻǱһʶƶѣʥյʶڹײڣȴ򿪹ײıҪ
ƻȬʮɸߵѪ߰ߣһɽӵϢ֣ʾʵԽǿ
֮Ӧô죿Ϲʵ
ǺǣϹ̫ˣʶкο£ҵȺһͨЩȱʶǿҲ޼¡Ҷ΢΢һЦ˫ĿбŰ֮ɫһ
Σʶҵȶ֣ҲԣĮ
΢΢һЦҲŭȻλף޻˵
ãǾ͹ͬһٵʥյʶʣļ˶ͷͬ⡣
䣡
ͻȻǾ߰ͭɫײĴӺ׷ɳײգƬȴϵǿ󣬲ײ顣
ģСͷأñǰƬա
ֵɫܲ԰ףվ󣬲ϴ߶ɸ
ǻʲôҪķѺҺͷֶŲסˡ
ЦЦȥǾ߹ײģ˵ǡ
֣һŨڣõķӳҵͨסʥ˵
ãҳ֣
Ϲ껴ȣʣʮ˱˴ɣΧһȦͭɫײİΧס
䣡
һɲǣʮ콾֣Դǿһ
ǡǸϷ򲻸ģా꣬ȻȺСɱˡ
ײڣŭХһЩײײ
ۣ
һѪ֮˵ˡ
׺ͷֶһۣ£ȻһԵĻ۵ڡ
ѸסƣԾͨס˹ײġ
ɫ¶Цݡ
ǲʶѣƾǵһʶҷ𣬳ɢ
䣡
Ȼʱ
һޱȿ¡ŰϢͻȻһˮɵĹײͻȻдһ콾Ĺסˡ
󡭡
ˮһ𣬱˼ͨͬʱһµķͬʱϯˣ׵塣
أ
һǰһȭ֮顣
ǡ
һȺ콾𾪣⾿ô£ôһ߹ˮͻȻ٣׼䵲סеĹ
˲ף׺ͼ񿴵ˮ׺ɫ䡣
⡭ǻʸˮף
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
˵ͬʱˮһģһӾͭɫײġ
˭ҪҵʶϷԸ⳼ޱȵ쳹ǧ
ŨİɫʶаƴСδüߣ㱻ˮ׸ȫˡ
أ
ʥյʶˮ׶ȻײգɲǼӰ١
е鶼һ˲䣬׺ʸֵʱˮѾ뿪ˡ
ʲô
ⲻܣ
ѵǻʸ棿ô
һȺ콾𾪣ȫ¶Ȼ֮ɫڻʸͻȻɳǸеľȡ
ףûпͻȻǻʸˮףϹ΢üͷʵ
ʸȻʿ֮ڱ껹ֱϹ껶ʥİ
һʸʬʬǵҲܣ˶Ѿ֪ΪˣЩ˲Ÿеȡ
ʸѵըɣΪܴʬǵسһħô콾ʵ
ˣ򱦻Ҳ̮ʿĵڶԪû˻ġ˵
زˣڵΪͲ²͸ʸҪʲôɳǣǵİȫȫûбϡĿһҾѴɳ
¹ƽЦóԼôô˵ʸĿҲҵȡ
ͬЦ㲻飬ұ뽫ųǶᡣ
ų򡣡
ֻЦٻػ
¹ֻˣʸɱ˲λʥߣȻڳڷɳǣɸ𡣡Ϲ껵ȻһЦ˵


351 ħȾ
ˢ
Ⱥ콾ܵʱ˴Ӻ׷ɳһ֮ɫѡ
¹ƽЦˣֵᣬΪֱˬΪǿǿһѡ
ʵôˣ
ֵʸʥʶǹܲţı粢δںףӦǲڹײڣѾʸȻˡ
Ǳˡ
ڿվһԣ˵һͨϸѹԲǧڣδκ쳣
ģ̫ùˣװ״һܣһôûõɫһڣʱ
׷ЦЦ˵ǵõ˱ս飬καضҪ󡣡
¹ƽҲһЦҶԱؿпޣֻҪʵõչʧһҲϧ
ǡ
ǡ
һȺ뿪ԭͲѣһ𲻹Ϊʥء
񱦲سɿգЩ콾׷뿪ָȥ
ݡ
һ޴ģĻ׷Ƭ̺˴ϹЦ˵ѼӷˣΣ
СѾͷأҪǿСҲĻޡߵ
ϹһЦҶСó֣Ҷֽš
Уһһֻѹ㡣һȻ׺ͷְڰ֣ˣһ֮ħټ
СһЩ
ֱء
׺ͷַ׷
Сãڿʼңħȱ֮ǰҪˣʸʬҲˡ
Ϲһ죬һ׼ϣҡͷܾ磬İɣҲΣյġ
ϹɫʱһڣҪŭ
ҲΣֻúǺЦϹֲضŭһᱣõġ
ϹۿĮȻΪ㣬ҲŲġ

׷ۣҲŵˣ޵ز˵Ҫ֪İԣص̫ɽҲûкùӳԡ
ϹĲˣΪ׿ѣ磬׼ô˵ףǺˣҺܺõġ
ϹĿ⸴ӣ׿˺ôһĬĬ˵պ󵨸ҹСã»ȪҲҪɱ㡣
ݣ
δ䣬Ϲ껱뿪ˡ
죬ᣬ෴Ϲķ˷ܣŲرͼЦ߰ɣȥѰ
һֲԤСƵ˵ͬʱӻ֣˷֡
ϹĺʵΪʲô
»ᱻ׷ɱһӡƵ̾Ϣ
ϹһЦĹâ˸ЦİɣǲΪѵġ
Сһ䣺ҡ
˵ʲôϹڼ޵ܣԻͷЦһ䡣
ûʲô߰ɣȥģײ⣬Цʵ
Ϸǧ⣬һʥߴĹ˵ʵ㹻ˡϹĺɣĵ¶˷֮ɫ
̾ϢһһӽǮΪˣȻϹ껵ãһ˻
ݡ
ħݺᣬ˳ŶϷɳ۶ȥһ·׺Ȼһ⡣
ħȵڼ٣΢ɲٶڵݼ֮УˣΪѰʦ֪ǷϸϸӦһɫʱ䡣
ôˣ
ϹĿɫѿɹʵ
ħȵڼ١ĿһԶͳǻʸ֡
ϹҲһȻǸħͷô
֮⣬ûӦһֿħҪǿıԴ֮Լޱߵʬ
뵽ɵһ
ħγɲ֪̺꣬ޱ޼ʵʬһĹǱʸ氤֮Ҫöô
䲻ãǾʬѾͨ˲ɣ
ߡ
кȻһ󵨵ͷǻʸ汾û֮ǰҲǼ
Ǽǻʸ̫ˣֹľǿ߶񾿾жô˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ף˵ǻΣ𣿡ϹСʵ
ʱᣬ־ЩʥĹûȤղžͻˡ룬ƶ˵
ϹһЦǾͲȻ޹أԸʲô͸ʲô
ǰ
ҲЦˣʸҲԼ޹أǿͷ۵ֻЩܣԼСӹϵ
ݡ
ʱʥߴĻ
䣡
գۼ䣬һսϹĺս벽ʥ
ǻһɻ棬;ƿݵİ벽ʥճɷĩĴĹȻС
Ĺڱﲻ࣬ѾƣֻʣһЩʯ
һǴһʲôû̵ǧ֮⻹ʥߴĹϣʧ
Ϲһ


352 
͡
һ齣ͼɨһλָ˳ͨİ벽ʥˣ׺ϹĶʾⳡսɡ
ඣѹսƷ
ϹС˵ģֱǴĹȥ
һĹһС͵Ŀռ䣬ЩʥеĹʥЩҵġ
״ϹħȺֱײλʥߴĹ
ܵĶԻвջջ˼Ųͨķˮ¥ҲֵǮ
ѽѽ̫ˣѵÿôһΣǰڼ̫ˡ
һɽͷϣģĻ޾Ĵš
ףȥôͻȻϹŤͷЦ̵ؿ۾һһأһ˿
׶ʱһͰʵȥʲô
£ѵҪܾôϹĴΣһίӣСѵ㲻Ҹ𣿡
ιιι㣬⻰ͱ˵ˣҪǴ㸸ĸУҰٿĪ簡
ŵģҪȥģȥ㣬ʲô治ˡ
ϹĺȻһЦٻʢһض
װп࣬СѾͷһٱħŮ˭ҪȢһӶͣ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬ڼԶһֲȻʮǹӿϢҲܴݶ
ͬʱһħȣ㵽˭Ϸ򼴽ΪҪʳҵıԴҲʰ
˲ȻֹǿֲĲʧħٴλָƽܲڼһ˿
׺Ϲɫһ䡣
֮ǰϹĺе棬ҲһĲҽеȻ޴档
ǻʸ棬һλʥıԴ׳
ףħȺΣգ뿪ɣϹĵؿܣΨǻʸͻȻɱ
üͷҡͷصģʸԻûȤͻ
Ȼܿ£ԶûмﰲȫϹ˫һ˿֮ɫһ
ЦЦѾͷȻ龫֣վûоˣҲġ
߰ɣǼһħȾҪرˣҪս
ţ㡣ϹĿ׵ɫ֪Ϊһ˿ҲȻ޴棬Ц

תۣǶ֮
״ϹתսħȰСսΣҵһεһָųͨĹʥ
׼䣬Ҳ֧飬Щ
մսʮ֮ǲɱͷʥõ˼źͨķԼļƷʯ
ħԽĲƽе𽥼٣һЩͨʿҲܸоõˡ
ͬʱʸ֣ʳλʥıԴħȶĻ̻̣Ψħͷɱṥǡ
Ѿûļֵˣǳȥɡħһ࣬׽չܿ죬Ѿ߳ȥڡ
ı󶯣߳ϣ̫ðˣĥȡ뿪ɳǵʱܽΪʿ
ݡ
޴ĻħڷУٶ죬Ҫ뿪
䣡
ٿȻ䣬һۻϢͻȻɲǼܲħȣӿȵϢǵأһƵġ
ʥ
׺Ϲͬʱ
纣ǿﶼϢϢһʥеϢѹ
Ϣǿƶܱ񷣬һӴħȣʸ棬㻹ûôϷ·
һʥʼԴǵʿԻʸġ
𣡡
һмʮɵʨУضˣӿǵأ׼ͿԻ񷡣
ܵϷɣǲ𹬵ǿߡϹ̾ϢһЦǻʸˡ
֮ǰжţʸɱ˲ʥߣһкϷˡЦе
Ϲһιιιѵôʥ֮ĶԾ
ʲôϷסħȣ˵ǾǺֹǧᲨǵġ
ǼʮɸߵĲʨɢһĲʥϯħȣʥƣƾϢǧ﷽Բ
䣡
ʸ沢ûлӦǾ߲ʨˣһֻƣмʮɣ˲񷣬ηԿ
𣬳ײˣݺһץһٶˮץ˳
ʸ棬ǰɱҲʥߣϷ㳹㡣ʥŭƬضڹѡ

ʱˮڴһϵЦ𶯲񷣺Ϲ㻹û䰡ϷӲʣ㶺Ȥˡ
ôˡ


353 ֱ
ɫĴָſƵģһâҪˮס
䣡
ˮͻȻһҲɴ󣬶ɢһɫʥĹϤס
Ϲټ󷨻סϷġʸĴЦˮ׺ݺһײײգɲǼԶݶȥ
ӣûôף
ɫĴֱ̽˲䲻֪ӶҪʸץ
𵴣ħȶھҵĲտʼ˲ͷޣʥ˴Ĺ
߰ɣħȿ±סˣλʥŭˡ׻ͷȥǼԶѾγһƬ羰󣬲ʱдƬƬɳħȼ顣
ݡ
ӰħȥҲвú꣬Ӱһ뿪˵ء
׺ϹҲŹȥٶȫһƵģд
¡¡ﲻʸλʥսȻڼ
ֵ뷨ûУ뽻սһĲ̫ˣʹĿ˻ʸʥĴսҲ򲻵κõ
֮˷ɳħȣѾۼ˺ܶˣϹ껿˶ʱһ
䣡
ǹԽܼŲλǿߵŭǻذѾ⡣
ʥһŭȻܿ£ħҪʧˡ̾ϢħȣӽտʼҪʧˡ
ʸ棬ϷҪɱ㣡
䣡
һѹ콾֪һ죬ħȻһ
Բ֮ڶɻɫ·һ˲ͺˣɭȻʴΧ飬һ˲ͱͬΪޡ
ɫѿһλԳ֣Ȼû»ʸ棬ȻöԷˡ
ѵǾʥʬͨ˲ɣָǰȫͨ
ħȵ𣬲λҲ뿪ʼԴǣһ㲻ɲϢɢ˳һ
ʥжôǿһ붼룬͸һ˿ϢѹŲ񷡣
𣡡
ڣޱͬΪޣɱнͷޣЩ콾ɱ
һȺ󣡡
ޣ׵˶֣Ƭ̹򣬱ͬ޶ˡ
ģЩɢڿУָֻƣֻһ˿˿Ѫζ

˷ħһǧ˽룬ȻĲ٣ս
ʿĲпᣬҲҪͨǿߵĵ·ϻ߿һˣ䣬Ϊʷĳ
ˣȫѪ죬ÿһǿߡ
Ϲ껡סۡҶ֡ͯСļΪףһ콾
Сã߰ɡ
Ϲ껷ϹĹɵ׼ͷҡҡͷͬʱҲһ˿ο
Լҵãҵİˡ
磬ҪһϹҡͷ׷ֿ
Ϲ΢΢һЦϵ˫Ҳһ˿Ц⣬ؿһۣڵΪֲֹҪչˡ
ϹһȻʵҪչףҪչô
΢΢һЦϹֹȻ棬һ࣬Ҫչˡ
Ϲ껵ȻһЦ˵Ԥףɹڰɡ
Ϲĺߵϻ׵ʣ̫ͲҪġ
Ϲ껺ײɿЦ
ŽÿһνףǷǳΣյģżµ٣ȻΪһ壬Ԥ֪̫࣬ڶɽٵʱҪҷҲδ֪
ױչأҪһĵط㻹Ǹ߰ɡϹ껿ԼС˫еĲᣬһ̾
ðɣ
ϹͳһףֺȻչһЦЦһȥġ
ײһͷۣ֧֧˵һͨϹ껲üͷһ塣
ô£
ѵ㻹ҼСòɣ
ϹҪڣϹǰ˵磬ȥ
ðɡ
֮ʣϹɫƵضףев֮Զ׼
ѽѽôϹƣҪҹǹˡ
һ߷ֻЦ
ˢ
Ͻɫâһָģ̹ħͬ״̬
бۿż񣬵㻹ǹܺԼɣҾǼҪСġ
ҿ
УżԶȥıӰߵٸʮ꣬ѹ
ЦЦʵ꣬Ĵʲô
̽£ɳôأ֪мطգ׼ȥʼ磬˵
һȥ
ִһǺЦ


354 ·
䣡
ֻδ䣬֮㴫һƬܣޱٴʵա
ˣħҲˣӴ˷ɳħȡ̾Ϣ
һޱȿֲĵطʥûҲʥʬڣɵסʸͲλǿߵһ
Ȼս죬ʵûмΣÿһζѣؾ״ˡ
ģʥĺǿ󣬿ϰҲ㬵غһҲ֪£ܳԽ
׺ͷ
ôԸҲ̲ס֣£ҪҵżˣΪʼԴǿˣȻɲ壬Ҳò˵ѳԽ
񷭸ۣߵǿɲһϰǻԻһʱҽ̳²ʼԴ㲻Ĵ˵
װ֣ЦҪҵĶĥˡ

һ뵽ʲôЦһͼڷɳһƬħ򣬱չ֮ȥ
ħ򣿡һ
΢΢һЦ͵ɳǲԭʼһ£Ѿ˾֪ЩĹҵӣͷзɳĵͼ
Щͼͨռ䴫ֱӴ͵У˽⵽ɳǵһЩ
׵ͷӼϹеĵͼҲܲ³һһ̶֮󣬻ĹһЩӷɳǵ࣬ͷӬƵײ
ҷֵĻл͸¶һ㺬壬ǾǸҪĵӣʵбš
Ҳ׵ҵǣÿһ˱һλǿĬĬעš
͵ħħһ֮ء
ħԶ壬ǰʮĹųħһǿƴһλɳǡ
ǽɳϷһƬħ꣬ڻ㹻ʵ֮뿪Ƭϵǰδ֪ĵط
ƬѾΪħħ޺УħڣеħѾǡ
ƬһλʥþͨӡסϵķȺħǼϢĿľµ
λʥ¹ҵǿߣҪħҪ裬̫ĺˡ
˵󣬼̲סĸһ䡣
΢΢һЦϷȥħҲ̫󡣡
ܸѰʦȡ㬵
ҲЦ֣ʱǴžͻħչ֮Ҳȥǡ
һ֮ұȥħ򡣡׵ͷЦ
ˡͷֻ֣򿪴ǰǿֲħ
ĬĬ꣬׼Ӱ񱻷ӡĵطչأnѩԶ΢Ц
n֡
ףջΪǰnѩЦԽͨˡ
΢΢һЦnջӦѾָˡ
ţǰΪָnѩЦЦ˵ġ
𣿡
nѩ쵭ȻһЦҪ뿪ɳˣȥǵأǽ޷ټˡ
nֱءԣڷɳʶĵһѣû뵽ôҪˡ
Ҳأгһս񷣬ǻټʱ򡣡
׹һЦnּԡ
˹ָ𣬆nѩ컯һȥ΢΢һ̾һ͆nѩһҲ޷ټˡ
һЦҲһɳ죬Ӱ񱻷ӡĵطȥ
䣡
һ֮ٷţȻһ˼ѵĲŰϢͬʱһºХ
Ҷ֣
һȭһ£Ѫڣ˫Ŀ絶ƵĶǰһߴӰ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ멲ס׵ȥ·
ֱ
ǴЦ⣬綾һ㣬ס
䣡
Ҳû˵㸡ֳһɫĽ͵ﲻһɫâն˹ȥ
ݺ䣬նˣλεĽżǿܣҶֺ멡
ҪŭǲѰƵġҶһЦһȭ顣
΢΢һЦƵ˵ֻǺֱţһļһ￴ˡ
ɫȻƽ˵Ҷֿ˵
֮ͿԼˣ˵ʵҲΪŶ
ҶִЦ뿪
΢΢һüͷ
ھǲʱеˣĥһ־ðղ˶ǴɵĵϵӣбɱС
˵멵ĵ̱𣬵Ҷֻôɲ⣬οǲǻе̣˭Ҳ˵á
Ұʱ䣬ǽҵĶ֡
ЦЦԶȥȥ


355 չһ
֮׻صӰ񱻷ӡĵط
һĲõĴԾڻţˮ·𲻼һ˿ɱ
˭ӲƱػԴ
ɵǱнȥȻֲҲɴԽһɱ󣬷ɵһɽϡ
һ꣬Ҫչء
ħٴս࣬Ϊĺܿ죬䲻˵һαչؾܴﵽڣҲսøΪǿ
׾ϥڰУһĵ
һд࣬Խɾƪ
ǲƪҲףȸĹķ
䣡
һ˲޾Ľɫâεıչ֣вϸֳÿһսĻ棬ϸϸ
ķսսΪ
̫ͨܶ࣬٣һչأͨ
֮ǰŻ֣֮ҲҪˡ
ȻͨҲΪǳǿֲͨΪϵĲࡣ
𽣶ֻͨ˲񽣡ɽ֮Ǭͨʱȥˡ
µͨǬȲ񽣻Ҫǿʢ֡
ǽĽý󷢻ãʵĽŴ߷
׾˼š
ˢ
Ƭ̺ʮڷɽǰ
Щɽʥǵ͸׵һС
ʮڷɽȫǬ󣬵ѣҪܡ
ұ㿪ʼǬһԼԦЩɽҵսɡ
ʱ䣬ˮһš
ױﾲޣͬʱǬļΪ̿ࡣ
ͬһʱ䡣
һ˽ڷɳǣһϮɫģ˫㣬һòʵСɳ֡
ӷʦ˵µĻǷɳôСɮȥѰأ
ɮŲãĴ¶һ˿΢ЦףעΪµĻԵܼܿ

䣡
׶һ޴ɽ죬ʮڷɽһµĽͼһɽ˲顣
ˡ
¶ϲ֮ɫ
˰ʱ䣬Ǭͬʱ˾þԴ
ÿһ·Գһռ䣬̺һӲôɽҲ
ڻ޷ܷӽȫǽ׵ڣǬ
ǬɣӦϸȭ̹ħͬˡ׺һ
ͨҲǿǰȭ죬Ͳɵ·Ϊͨ
ǿʩչȭʱһȭɽӵߵããֻʣһֻȭͷԴأ
ͨɹҵսɡĬĬţֿʼǱޡ
һʱڣɳĲƽ
Զвǿ߾ˣɱǰʿˡ
жһλǿ߼ǿƣɱʿʮλǵһЩ콾ŭ
Ϲ껺¹ƽ֣ԷɱħڣԶŲ֮Ķ
Ϲ𣺡֮£ʶңǿߣɱɳ塣
ǿƣ϶ǿ䣬ԶŲĸһʱ͵ִ
ԶѵǿѾ뿪ɳǣԼǡ
һУ˿֪ǱԼΪǿս
ȥ
գۣһ֮
䣡
ʮɸߵݣһȭɴȭͷУ֮Ƶȥֱɽҷ𣬻촷ۡ
̹ħͬǰȭ죬׶һĵز
һˣҲóȥˣһΣҾҪʼɽ١׳һɡ
а˳ϣɽ٣գһʧС
ħѾڱС
ˣ㰲һ֮㽫Ҫʥ٣һغ㡣
һص׵һɽڡ
İˣһ֮һɹģҳΪʥ֮󱣻㡣ӰҲ
úЦЦŲ߳
ԶӰɽǫ́ʼꡣ
ħ˵غֹǫ̂жҪʱ䣬ֹ
ú󣬴̨ʱâ䣬һŲȽȥ˲Ϣǧ֮⡣
ˢ
âһ߳һ޴ĳǽ档


356 ħ
һͨĳǽ硣
ʮɸߵĳǽһǵƵģ͸ŲɣԶšǿϢɲ⡣
ʵʻÿֲ
һȥ¶Ȼ֮ɫŵؿǰмʮɸߵĳǽ
ǽƣһ۾ͿⲢĳǽһ󷨡
ԭ֮εģ֮УȻ󷨴ʦȴʵʻε󷨱εġ
Ҳ⵽ʲô󷨣̫ɲˣһħ򡣡
̾Ϣǽ赲ħ޻ǿҲ޷
Զ֮ء
ڣ¹ҵʿأʿ֪Ѿ˶ٴˡ
Ҫħ򣬾Ҫ裬һﶼС
¹µĹأ˭Ҫء
ħɽõıҲġһ¹ҵʿ˵
û̧ͷףƵطˣָ˶

ЦЦóͨ衣
ϣСͦеġڷڵϣʿΪؿһۡ
ˣеͼħÿһطͼ϶ˣһôֻǧ裿
΢΢һЦ˵Ҫƭң֪ͼǸģҪ򡣡
⻰¹λʿʱȵ˭˵򣿰ҪҪҪϽȥ
ɫ䣬ЦеͼҪģ鷳ָһݡ
ƾʲôҪһݣǧһŵͼ㲻ͿȥħΣأΪеͼҲδܻ
׵ȻһЦ̾һչأԣԭ붯֣ΪҪء
أ
ʿ嵹ɳȥѪȫˡ
ʲôˣ
󵨣
ˢˢ
ʮʿһڳɫƵΧסס
ץס﹥ҵȣһʿ仯൷ҵġ˵ʿһöҩɫĺ
󵨣ﶯ֣֪ʲôط֪ߵغ񡣡һλ벽Ԫʿ߳ϢƳ˫磬ס
飡
ͻȻ䣬һ˴ħ߳ɫޱ͵һ֣ȺȫɳȥѪڿֻһʮ˱㶪˰
ˣ
¹ƽɫΣһȻЦݵףǸֶԲסˣҲû뵽Щūô󵨣Ȼħʿ
΢΢һЦ޷Ҳûбɹ
¹ƽ췭ۣⲻǷϻô˭֪һزūûеһʱɱѾܸˡ
֣ħĵͼΪ˱ʾ¹ҵǸ⣬Ҿһ衣
ЦŰ֣˵ˣûʲôҽȥˡ
롣
ЦЦպõͼһͿڣӰ˲ʧˡ
ߺ¹ƽɫȥȵ󵨵ūţǵӴ˰˭֪˭壬ûɱǵ

޴ĳǽ棬һƬħֵĺƴ硣
Ũħȷһĥ¼ĺõطһħ壬ʼʴ

һ³еħһߣÿ졣
УҪëףʱԤħʴһΪܷӰ˳Ѿ㲻
վУȥܺã·Դһ㡣
ħŰħ࣬ǺɫģֻħͨĴ߶űɺɫ
ħؾͬصһԪأʿħһħ
ؼεħ٣Ҫôһ嫵ħħʵɼһߡ
ħ֮⣬ԺԲơ
ֻдﵽʥ磬޼ɵħԶħ˳ؾ
ԶһɽһУʱо޴ħŭԶս촫
ӷСɮѰˡһͻأԶħ·Ƶģ׷ɢһɴϢңң
ǧУɫ˸һλɮ΢Цһ飬Ź
һɮˣ񣬴ķϢ˫Ŀξһ̶Ƶġ
ʿ
΢΢һƴѾʮ꣬ǵһμŵĵӡ
ءǿʼԴ֪飬ĮڷţһɶԸŽ
Įмţ龳Ϊ̲κһĹҡ
ʦܣСɮԶĮȰɮ΢΢һЦվ׶档


357 ħһ
ɮϢºͣ͵ϢɫŹȥׯϣзŵõɮķɡ
һ仰ױסˡ
ʦղ˵ʲôû
ɮ¶΢ЦУСɮĮʦܻصҷߡ
ȻһЦ٩ʦȰҳǱǸҶԷһȤûС
ʦ˫۱ǧҵԣֻĮܴ󳹴ҷ𡣡ɮЦ
ײ΢΢۾ЦЦʵʴʦ䣿
ɮ΢΢һСɮࡣ
ʦҴˣĳϲ⣬ɱˣİŮˣҷǲҪҵġ
سɷֻҪûִʦֺαؾǰ£
ˡ
Цһ֣ʦһҪħûʱģû£ұˡ
ɫׯϣִҡͷһţ̾ʦܣ㱻쳾ҵסǰ
ð
ƿڴЦѽˣʦҲˣ⸱Ҫǽţǹǧ˰
Ը·ˡ
䣡
ûٷϻһȭݺݻһֻ޴ȭͷɽӰܣ֡
ɫ΢䣬ʳָᳯһָ
ʳָ޴Ľģɫ׶з֣סһȭ
ħӡʦֶĳʶˣԺлᣬҵȥĮȾƳ⡣
˲Ϣ䣬Զǧ֮⣬Ӱһ೹ʧȥӰ
ʦܣעΪµĻСɮȻˣȥ൭һЦһй纣ǧڵħˡ

ģһӡ
ǧ￪⣬վһɽۣɰһ
ֲҶֻֻӾȻſˣˮҵӦ
֮ûеǹ˼ɷŵʵҪ֪ĮڷţЩͺ¿̫ˡ
˵ĮзԺǧܹ鶼ڷ̣򲻵ѹͷûԸǾһ
ͣ
һʮͷħϢɱһĽ
ЩħѾǣĳɽҵһŽţһ켣أͬ
ұȽǻС
΢΢һЦִʮɽ֮һɽӰܣȺħ
Щ͵ȵħײδ⣬óͼϸĦ
ͼмصĺϸƬħѾ˺ܿ͹۵Ľܡ
ħǨˣħ⣬ǻ˰䵱ѪʳԼĹߡ
˱˰ħͶħ壬Ϊħū塣
Щħʿǰͨһܷܺһôȥ
Щħǿߣ˵ħмħ壬Ԫʿ
ħԶɳǺһЩħҲ뿪ħ뵽壬ȴ¹λǿ߷ӡħڡ
¹λǿ߲δеİħµá
ôɵӶħ֮һµʿƭɳ
ײһЦЩħҲǵùħ÷Ҫ䵱ɵӵ
Ӽпᣬǿ߾ħκηƾȥɱ
ЩħһֱЩǿİħ޼ɵɱǰӡ
Ϊ֪½ЩȫɱҲ
еḶ́ĥ¼Ḷ́;ȥǾԼ˲á
па
׿ͼеĽܣҡͷ
Ϊ֪ʿǰˣֱӾͱŵħɾʡ
˽֮⣬ͼлָħ˾סĵط
طΣգ֧ǿİħϢ֮أкܾãɲ⡣
ʵҪ빥ħ򣬱ҪһλʥС
ħڣԪİħˣ

ͬʱ
ǧ֮⣬һƬϿȣһսϢشϿȷɳ
սмǿİħˡ
ħ޼ΨһĲϣİħħܲĨһصͲʻƵģȥЩ
дģʿǰ𣿡һȥİħЦħ
ӣʱǰǲȥװɡİħһλ˹˵
ʲôʲôµģһȺδɵƵģһɱˡ
İħ¶һĨ֮ɫҲ֪ζôһûԹ


358 
İħЦħܲ¶һ˿֮ɫߵ̫ˣ潫ħ򵱳ô
ħ˿Ц̾ϢնұȳΪħūͣһξǰˡ
겻ħץūͣǻնʼԴҲ˶Ĳഫˡ
ЩħҴмΪңԶȫԻĹϧ˲ãץħΪħū͡
İȥȻħҲྪ޾ǿҪຣȫʧˡ
Դӷħ֮ΪĹҵ֮أ֪жٰħ˱ɱҲ֪жǰʿն
ħ壬ͬˮȻҲ壬Ϊж޲ó֮졣
İħ˻֣ͷܵα˵ôࣿҾͦãϲħ򡣡
һ٣Ŀ¶⣬˵ǰҲ
նϴĻᵽˣɱһʿ»ܿң
˿Ц̾ϢӣǾ¾ԶһԶУҪ򼸳Ӳˡ
岻صģҸرĽЩһ򾡡նϴЦ˫硣

飡
죬һȭһͷħ飬һȺʬ壬һЦĺõطħȻҪ̼
ħԶħȻҪºܶ࣬ǿħ׷׿ǣöԸ
ҹħɽħһЩǿġ
ЩУвȱĵ伮ķ
һЩħ￪ǺݵܣҪ
ʿôһδԹ壬֪ζΣ
䣡
ܣһ˸˺ɫԣкɫħܲԲǧ
޾ħ۶֯Уһɫ⣬ħȡ
ħ˳֣ȫЦǿƵĿס
ħôħˣĶˡһħڣ׷Ц
˵岻֪ߵغ񣬹治١һħЦХһһ˸˺ɫתһâɵɽıкХ
ȭ죡
ɫȻ΢΢ֲ䣬͵̽һȭһ
ɫȭͷ޼᲻ݣ޿ƥеĺƵģϯһ˸˺ɫ졣
ߣħ򣡡
棬ħͬʱЦħһɹħ۶ӳֵɫϡ
䣡
ʱѹޱߡ
֪ô
һȥķɳһСɽѸٱ󣬻һɽ֮
ݺᣬֱһɽֱ֮ײЩɫ죬ѹЩħˡ
ʲô
ǿ󣡡
һȺħ˴󾪣һ˫Ŀһһħħ죬նҪ͸ˡ
һ˴ޱ׵磬һɫĵס
м˺һرһħӣתŷУҲ
˲Ϣ䣬ͨ
ħһͨô˶ѡ״ЦӺȻһʮɸߡ
ۣ
һһɽеħӻ飬һԺ󱳳֣е׵硣

Զһħӿһһɫ֮նƬ
׾ʩչһڱչصĳɹͨշģʩչ޴
ʮɵ谭ٶȣŲ֮㽫ЩħһһС
ħѪһء
Щ̫˰ҪĥҵʵҪȥΣյĵطСԶ
óͼ˿ָһλ˵£ôʫ֣ȥɡ
ݡ
ʩչӡ׳·ȥ
ⲻֹ֪Ҳʿȥ
һҾ޴սħݺ޵Уͨµĵ·նʿ
նϴսϣһ㽫һʿ븹У¶֮ɫʿ̫˰Ļᵽˡ
նϴ֮⣬ǧ֮⣬һеҲ·ȥ
е棬ٿͷһ޴ĹϣƮȫʿ

𣡡
𣡡
պٸ·޴˻Լһ΢Ľ
콣ɵĽѵ裿
һżսĵطȥ
ǧɿ⣬һԡѪˣԾͷħĺɫϻ˫ᣬ㶼ֲޱȡ
͡
ԱͻΧʧˣͷڻȻҲѾǣͨ
ôᱻͷڻˣʵֹڴ˰һҲˡ


359 Թ
䣡
ʮڷɽХǬɽХһѹͷڻȻЩͨҲܲסǬܡ
ֻ䣬Ѫ
㡭֣ѵؿȥֻһŵЦݵ̤նľʱиޱߵƣ糱ӿƵ׻ȥ
΢΢һЦ૵־һҪúһ
һڣιöҩʱѹ
׵Ҳûдţһʱƺ˴񣺡лִ
׺һЦӰƵģܿһ
ǺιʣȻ
׹һЦ˵һݣǻô㣿
㡭
ŭ㻹ҪңҾ͵õôһ㶫Ҫɾô
ˣϵĶҾԲҪҲġɫ
һô˵Ҿ͡ԡ
ɫ䣬òŵĿ⿴ף·˵ô˲Ҫİࡣ
֡
Ƿϣ㲻Ҫ̳ɣ
ֲ˽ܣ˼ϻʵұܼҴ󣬼ƤٺҲЩ졣
ܸһЩ𣿡
ģʱȻһЩġ״ԥ
̾ϢȻԹҲգԴӳĿڴҾûָ³
ȡһǵĲ⣺ôܵˣͷħĶְɣ
Ǳµλħִˣƴ˳ȥû뵽ͷЩ䡣
£
ĿһҲ׼ȥ
΢΢۾·򣬵֣ħֲܿ±лҪ¡
ֻ֪ħֱ¡նҺʥħȣʵ
κһҪÿһԪʿ򣬶ħѪͳĿ¡
ҾǱ벽Ԫħ˻˵ģͷطߣֻܶõˡЦ
ħԤлҪȤȷĺõطЦЦĦȭΪ˷ܡ
ĥ¼ĺõطҲħ򰡣˽ʿǰ˴ˡ
ôࣿһ
ɴʱ̫̣ûʸ콣Ҳǰ
ߣȥ¡
׻ȻսȣȲħһǿ߽֡
صصͷ˫һ˿ɱҲǱ͵ϮˣԾδػǡ
Ȼֲֺη壿軰ϣ
ЦЦʶ裬Ȼеġ
ɫһֱúȻ֣治̫޴ֻ̫޳ܡ
ɫһڣ˵ôԾ˾ôһ̬ȣҷ㴢ָڵı
һ飬Ц룬Ϊ·

һ··ȥħϷһųǳ档
ǹųǳħ彨ģħӷɳ뿪±ռǳأһֳǳص󷨣νħǿһ
ǻնһʥħȣۺʵԶԶ¡
һ·׺ȫɫѿ
ΪǷʬ壬ϼһǧߣȫ֧飬Դ
˲ذ̾Ϣ
Ҳ̾ϢһһǿݣҲ֪жٵӷʼԴǡ
ҡҡͷƽ˵еĵ·ԭǲп͹¶ģѡһ·Ҫľ򡣡
䣡
һڵϴһ׵ĿӶ
׽һ·ռʬ嶼ڿڣһ档
䲻ܷǵĵطͬΪ壬ҲʬҰ⣬ɡ
޵ֺĳ
׷ۣߺߵЩ˵ҶˣպһǵʦҪѵġ
ѣ۾ֱˣᵽԶ޷Ħ׵
ûޡ
ַ죬׺µİħˣһȺħһȺʿսһ
ʿ˲أͲǶ֡
Ҳû룬˵֣ȥæ
ȥɣҲɫȻĮӡ
Ϊʲô
΢΢һЦƽ˵ɷԹڽôڽ̵ĵӡ


360 ǿ߳
ǰ⣬Ⱥڽ̵ȻЩ֧ˣֻܶݵĽһάֲơ
׵ĻҲʱֹסŲЦԭǽڽ̵ӣҲˡ
ЦЦ۾ԶսʵΪβȥӪȣ
ѣҲΪȥӰ֮꣬˵ˣڽ̼Ȼ𣬽ɻҪһ˿ڽ̵ʵҲǺõġ
ȻҲĺ֮Ϊ˱ɱԼͬʦֵܡ
ںڽ̵ӵ
߰ɡ
Ƭ̺׼ˡ
ǣ
ڽ̵ˣЩħҲĿУһ˿ɱ
ɱ壬ȷ
˳֣κȻԷҲһλ벽ԪʿǵĶ֡
̶Ƭ̣ɱȺħˡ
߰ɡ
·һ΢СƵģ˼·ȥ
²ǧˣ׺ɫҲȻȫСĽ䱸
µʵʼԴǵһɣǧ֮ڣָŶٰħˡ
ħŨһ˿ؾûУǵʵˣֻܷӳ߳ҡ
ݡ
սӽµΧ֮ڣǱ㱻һȺħΧˡ
һȺɫװħܲİħɫش˷ϲԼͬ¶Ц
ˣЩ첻֪ɱ˶ķⶼˡ
һλĸߴħܲЦħǿ
ͬʱһУһ˺ɫǹУħХγһɫŻ
Żڣɼһħ·һ㡣
һЦˣǾʹɡ
䣡
˲ʮɸߣűһȭɱȥ
ȭ޼᲻ݣ춼סƺƵȭܷգѹһж֡
ս
Ҳһֳֳ͵Ľڶ

ħЦǹһ״ħɽƵģӿ
ǹ綾ߣǶȼ꣬嶼ڡ
أ
һ˫ƴ޾ݺݵشڳǹϣ޴ĺ
ʲô
ħ˴󾪣еǾǧģ˵ƣһɽҲ̼顣
ǰʿȻƵֵҺˣֱ̫ˣ֤ǿֱ˼
ء
׻ȭʮɵħƾ纣ˣһ˸߹һˣ޾ʡ
ǽɫѪգΧħ
ħǹԺģ
˻ھ𣬱һʮȭѪ𵴣Щղסе
ŭ֮ҴħһŻڷɳעڡ
䣡
һӾͱǿʮɫǹһƵĹ⣬µϢֱָ׵üġ
ݡ
üڣӿһڿڷɽʮڷɽɾ޴Ǭѹȥ
򣡡
Ǭֲܺܿ˿οһ˿һĽٲƵģסħ˵Ľ
ɽ
ǰһĳķɳһɽѹȥ

ħɫʱ¶ޱȾ֮ɫһ߾ħڷɳǰ
͡
ɽ֮ѹЩõħն飬һɽϳһǧ籩ƵĽ䡣

ħ˾Ĵͨħɫǹһڵ㣬ɽ֮
ۣ
⣬ħ˱ɽֱ֮ѹ촷ۣ
ʵԣһһˡЦЦһЩ衣
Խǽӽ£Խ޷ؾǰ̫գ뱣֤Լʼӵо۵ս
أ
ɱħ˲ãҲˣͬһŲָ
֣ԽˣǸħѾﵽ벽ԪΪҲסĹ̾Ϣһ
ЦЦֳ֣Ҳ䡣
Цҡͷ֣ɣҪʮ֮󣬶㣬֮ھͿԽ֮ѹ
ЦЦ˵ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬˺Ƴȥɡ
ֹҲһʱΣգҲѸٵķ˵ء
ʮöɫڵХƵĶ׷ױըǿֲıընըˡ
һҾ޴սƺƵķɢϢܣ糤һ㣬ٶ졣
ʮöɫڵսġ
ǽңеĸ֣ɱǣҲܹȥˡ
սϣһλɫɭħܲЦ޾ħΧƣȸղǸҪ̫ࡣ


361 Χ
һҾ޴սħɭɭԶʱħƵģǿֲƺܷա
սв̨ȫ׼׺衣
ǻնҵˣǻնҵġɭħ֣Ӳˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬
׷һЦ˵˼
ߣ
նϴЦһ֣ɫڵХס׺裬ӿ
ɫڵħ죬ֻҪܻħ޾ɱ޴һʿڵУӿħӿ壬˲Ϣƻࡢ
նϴһ·ɱʿûгֻ֣Ǻɫڵȥ˿Եֵ
䣡
ӿɽӰƣɫѪҡϣһƽսƵġ
һȭߵɽӰȭزֻһٿڵֱӷ顣
Щ˼ҵ뿴һͨǿҵڵࡣնϴЦ֡
һЦһϣһööɫڵȥ񷣬籩Ƶġ
ǺɫսĴβѿһӣ޾ħȻڵһʱڽħɺɫڵ
ɭħĿֲ֮ħһλʦ죬湹켫临ӣͨħתڵ˵ҴǿɱҪǿһЩͨʥ
οħħ޾սնϴѾڲ֮ˡ
ಡ
һööɫڵɳգȻδӽǰھɢˣڵʵ̫ˣ޷
۾Զ뵽ҵпݽߵʱʱΣˣưΧȦɱս
׹һŲӡʮڷɽң
ݡ
ٶ죬ڵըΪн󱣻ˡ
壬ɱ
նϴűƽףֻһЦδ
ǣ
նϴλһֱű˹Ӧһ󻺻ֱ
һ˲䣬ƱƵɲ⣬һ˿˿ʥѾ޽ӽʥ
䣡
һֻɫĴ֣սָкɫâĵƵģѹס
ʥħĽһ𣬻˵Ѿɹʥ١
ֻħĳʥߣҪһЩ
ȻҲʥߣѰ˲ۡ
ʥһôоҪҵŽһСĿһ뷨
䣡
һĳХջһ޴Ľɫ⣬նǺɫơ

սϣЦӴ

ɫѣȻ׽ֵȻǺɫϣֱķǧɡ
ۣ
ȫͷˣµħŰڱըÿһαըѪںɡ
֣
ѣ
޸
Ѹתڣͬʱת˵ķһȪƵԵڰڵħżȥ
ͬʱų⣬һˢѵֹͣ˶񻯡
ķλΣһХȼѪͬʱ˼裬ʱָֻһս֮
΢΢һ૵̬
裬ҲһսΣĿ磬ڷ٣Զս
ЦԵһս
䣡
ʱͻ
һɢſϢĴӳսϿգˮڣƵк¡

Ŀһһħ󣬶ӿˮɡ
ҵͨô
һӰնŤһǿʿ˫¡
ЦЦϹˡ
һĿЩӵؿŻӰǿô
ۣ
һħѣɫ΢䣬ûϵһӵô񱩣Լһ⡣
һֻͨ£ֻشӡ
Զ˶ͬʱһֻ޴޴ĥƵģѹǺɫĴ󴬡
ָСɽһ󣬶ÿһָϣвͬľ
գ£ɽӡԼࡣ
¹ҵֻشӡ¹ƽҲˡ΢΢һЦ
˱ɫֻһͨ¹ƽĹס
ȭ
䣡
䣬һ³սϿգѹյܣͬ
𣡡
˺նϴǵɫ㶼䣬ΪǷ壬֮ǰôöԸ
ˢˢˢ
ʮ˸ĴڰУɢڷԲǧ֮ڣסǬͿռ䡣
һȺ콾
ģɱʿô࣬ΧǴ򡣡Ҳսֵ
һȺ콾֣ȫˮǺɫսһµϢա


362 
һ߾ħ㰺صսܣȫͷ£Ŀⲻơ
նϴʱˣնģŸʲôϽȥɱЩʿ
նĵ˿ЦһԼҵү¶һ˿ɬӣˡ
ʲô˼նϴɫ粻ҧʵ
ն̾ϢһĶʥƺƵʥסսһߴӰ̾ǰĸ֣콾
Σ㲻ǶȹʥǴʥնϴŭЩš
ǰħˣѾǴˣʥߣȴʥǰǿгʥ߳ɵΪ
նϴ۹һ߳ΪԸЩôֻǿҲǰ벽Ԫѡ
Ҿɡ
ն̾ϢһƻӰ֪ⳡѶ޷ȹˡ
壬㡣
նϴ¶˾ģüһرɳ͸նġ
ǡħᦣ
նɫһ𣬽Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫߴСħͷһӣرа˳ϣͻΧȥ
ɱǣնϴϲ£նϴؿ׵ˣȵ
šնпЦ

䣡
һȺ콾˷Ǻɫս
ħӭУ
նɫȵ

ݡ
ɫսڣɳǿİħˣȫУȫħƣ׵ˡ
ǻնȦ˽ӣȫɱ飬նϴһ·Щ˶֣նɱʿ
ɽ
챮
ˮת

ЩʼԴǵľ콾ʼЩħȻսˣЩˣ̫ˡ
һ㣬ֻ˲书ٺħ㱻¾ɾôϵնϴɫ䣬ɫ֡
Щ൱ôô塭Ǹô죿ͻΧ𣿡
նͷһӭ趯ѪɫħɢһŰϢ
ħԭΪħһرʱ͸նңնϴӼд˳
ħڷӡǧ׻꣬һͷųܻأرҲɥʧһľѪȥιЩ׻ꡣ
ֻˣܲر

ħչǧɴ󣬽սסˣɼǧħ棬ŭ
޾ħһӿħڣǿرܡ
նһرԽЩ콾ɱ
ʮ׻꣡
ն¶һ˿֮ɫŽ콾ħܲ˸ɱ⡣
໡
ħᦾҵĲһͷͷ׻ħڷɳǧһī֭Ƶģճ˾㤡
ߣ
׵˶ЦħᦹȻֲȻͬʱԸôˡ
ħδ̫Ƿаɡ
ģȻٵħᦣ
ȳ֣һմӡĳһֻʱʱ֣һϡ
䣡
ճĺ𶯣ܣűѿ̲ص׻Ҳɢ
ս
׵Ҳȫ֣Щ֣ʱѣɽƵģͲɵ
ݿһ㣬ħͷųǧ׻޷ֹǣֻƬ̼䣬㱻׵ˡ
⡭
նĺնϴ󾪣ն϶¶һ˿֡
Ȼ֣ȻСЩ
ҵ֣սʥħҲסǣվǿ콾ӿϢȡ
䣡
׵ٴγ֣ͨڿлһ˺ѿռ䣬㡣
ѹȥձһѺۣܴزѿһʮĿӡ
һȺ콾ʵһ֣һλʥߡ
ħ壡
նĴУһħ󣬽ȫ뵽ڣħնϴͷϣһɫĹâڰϢŨҡ
һɽȥǧŭն¡
һ貵Ľ⣬Ҳʩչ콣ɵͨ
ˮתȭֻشӡ
ͨͬʱսϡ
սʱķѣն۵һ㻯ѪѾɹʥҲУϾǰħˣʥߡ
նϴɫ֣¶֮ɫ
ؼʱħᦸīһĺ֣ͬʱγһɫ֣ס׵˵Ĺ
ߣһرѣΣҲҵǣҶЦҰ
ҲЦһӴ
ǡ
ǺɫֶʱѵΣգҪˡ
ףҰ
նϴ󺧣ǻĺ


363 ֲĴ
ʮͨڿлϣһ޴ĺûʱգɲ񷣬ѹġ
һȺ콾ȫ֮ɫһ˵նϴĳʥҲδصס
ħ̳ŭ𣬵Ҳ޼£ֻǵֵƬ̱㳹ɢ
Ȼʱ
նϴüͻȻѿһĨɫâ֡
ɫâһ޴ƣһۻħϢգޱȵǿ
ҶҵĶӳ֣Щ岻ô
һƴܾòЪǿֲħϢǵأնҪǿ̫ˡ
ǻնҵľǿߣʥߡϹɫأͳ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦΣһɱˡ
ɱ
콾Ҳͷ׼֡
׺Ϲ΢΢һüͷûնλǿ߲򵥣ܿĴʥ
䣡
Ǵַ·񷣬Ǹ¡
еͨȫĥһħ޿ƥУһ˲ʹݻǵռ󷨣ﲻıը쳹ܡ
һ
ˮ
񽣣
ֵȷֲǶһּѵĸоһħƵģǳĿ¡
һӾǧɣƵħϯһУƬҷɣ涼һ羰
ʥҺֻǲնϴüĵһͨѣǿԵֵס
Ϲ껴ͨȻأȻһߴСˮȥ
ˮȴ̺ſµˮ֮նɱͨİ벽Ԫʿ
ֹҲȫǿɱк˳ȥ
ն
һüĴɳһʮڷɽɣڿзŴҲɣХƵնȥ
ˣ
ڴ֮ͨϹ껾͵һʱˡ
˵ٶҲҶ׷ת뿪뿪ǧɡ
䣡
콾ͨ޴ײʱѣǧֱӱ飬ղڣֻл羰֡
ѪɫҲ׻飬նϴҲͳ·ȥһ˫ħչӰ
һȺ콾սǧ֮⣬׷Уؿš
ǿ󡣡պ£Ϲ껵
¹ƽ΢΢һЦննĺһΪԪʿȻǿ󡣡
ħҪΣաҶЦЦˣɫƽûо¡
¾¡ҶûøУԲЦ
ҶЦЦ˵Цˣ㶼úֺοء
ɫһڣȵģʲô˼
ҶĿбŰ֮ɫһЦеּȻףҲԸ˵ˡ
㡭
붯֣׸ֹˣպʱɱһʱ
λС٣ħǿƼĺʱ򣬸λԸȥô¹ƽЦʵ
Եȥһϲơ
߰ɣһȥֱϲơϹһִϣ˫֣һ
ҲϰһһˡɫĮȻһʨӰʧ
λټҶֺһҲ뿪
һȺ콾̷ֿ׺ͼ񲢼µ·ϡ
һ꣬һʲôطΪʵ
ںڰɭ£Ｘһꡣʼ
˷еٶȺܿ죬ֻǧƾǵٶȣܵ
죬ȴôƽ
ԶѾս˶µǿ߽ˡ
Ϊħǿһ걻ħ崫ͨʵһȺǿߡ
䣡
һͷ޴Ļɫڹǰ棬ǧɣаɣħ죬סǵȥ·
ҿʥ
׶һ
ȷʥΪħմȾʥôǿаնԸ
ҡͷһЦ漴һ˿Ρ
Ȼһͷڹ굲·е²ȥ֡
ϾʦҲ꣬ɱһͷڹЩӦ
޴ڹħһ𣬿ԣȵ壬ȥ²ӭǡ
һ֣׿һۣҪ˰ɣиɲá
ЦħħѣʦֲУ
ڹԴӹһƵģħƵϯǧɷԲ
࣬
׺ͼһЦûԤ׵ͬʱ֡
ʮڷɽüķɳһֱѹȥ
ҲǺݺĳһƣ޴ڣڹϿճ֣͵ѹ¡

ڹŭ֫ӹڳӳȥĻɫ˿׵Ľ
ͬʱ³һħ̵մӡ


364 ս
ž
ž
޹֫ĵĺɫдڿдţȻݺݵػڽϡ
һױȵħӿͷųҪʴǬ
ն
˲仯һݺᣬն޹֫

նھ޹֫ϣཻһĽնҪ
ǿʥһݡ
ͷﲻʥʵֲ̫ˣǬ޷ơ
Ǭ£һƬâ˿ᣬǿ񱩣ȫն֫ϡ
֫һһӾͰǬɼף֫ӿֱס
ĵɫճޱȣħϯķ

ʮڷɽƵ̳ܲ͸βסĹ
һҲʼˡ
ħŰһմӡֻǺһЦ޾챮˹ȥ
̡
ƵԴȥħס˼й
ģѲȥҲסˣһʱԳ
ʥʥħҲ൱Ŀֲ׺ͼ붯ȫ֮ܽɱ
ϣҺС֣ѵܶԸ㣿һɫâǣӼ뵽С
飡
ĳڹϣȫӿļһӡڹϡ
ǡ
մӡǼҵľѧ¹ҵֻشӡһĳʯѹ졣
ǹǶʱһѷ죬ѳӣѪɽ
໣
޴ʹһɹħɢӹðһɫ
ͬʱ껹Ҫ׶Ծ
ʣһҵսһʥ·׺ͼΪҡ
أ
һֻצƮصؾʹǰ
֫ǳѲÿһ֫ӳ׷ʤ
ۣ
ǿֲħ˳˿ڣһħϵıըڱը
ҿ
УСӣû°ɣ
ܳŵס
һӾͱɼף֫ʱ׷ᣬĵ˹ȥ
ɽ
ִټ䣬תѪһɽǧݺᣬסľɱ
ն
һվ֫ϣϲʥ̫Ӳɽ֮޷ơ
ģѲ
ˣĲӺȻһӱúܳƵĻڼϣҲףȫͷ˼ʮ
ͬʱչʾǿʵһٽ׺ͼˡ
ħʤ֫ĵĻɫٴγ׳ȥ
ˢ
׽ŲӡƵƵƾ֫ٶȾףʱҲ޷
ߣ
һߣܿռѸٱסˣԲǧ֮ڣħϯһУ
ʹͷ޹겻ǴʥȴҲܷӳʥ߳ʵһȺ콾֣̼佫֮ɱ׺ͼˣȷʵЩǿ
֫ɽһ󣬴˷ѹױһƬռڣ޷ٶ
䣡
׹һղŶһСᣬѾ˲ʩչ̹ħͬ
ʮɵݣʮڷɽߣһס֫

ཻﲻһ͵Ĵ֫ϣȴʼ޷ˡ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬׺ȻһȭȭɽߵǬԤϵشǾ޴Ĺϡ
ǡ
ǹǱһΣֱһȭУʱķѣɫѪҺɽ
໡
飬ֻʣͷ­֫ǳĿֲһͷС
һħյնˣü޴
֫ɽһ㣬һףҺǬĪ⣬ס˳
ݡ
һɫĽ⣬Ƶĳϣֱŭնȥ
ͬʱһմӡҲҵػϡ
׷ֳһʩչ񽣣ϼȥͷ­
Ǭܶʱ½һس⣬ױһ֫ݺݳϡ
ģ
ֱֱǧףȫͷ飬һ㶼Ҫ
䣡
ʮڷɽΧߣתķˣͬʱ˼裬뵽ڡ
Ǻþòˣħĥ¼ĺõط׿ȳѪ飬Ƭ
ննն
Ǭʼһ˹ȥ֮֫ǰǰӲѪʼɽ
һߣ񽣺մӡ𵽹ؼãһӾͼͷ­롣


365 
໣
ŭħ죬ȥħԽǿҡ
׺ͼͬʱһϲȼվѪҪĿʼ
ϢȻԽ񱩣˿óǴ֮ǰˡ
ɽ
һǬԸ֫ͬʱȥԴ
ͷ­ĸҲΪ£ħǧ磬ƾԼԸ̫ǿ
һɽ֮ײȥһħֱײˡ
ģѹ
ڷ裬սһ̾ӿϢƣ˫ݻһ޴챮ϢؾʹĲϡ
ۣ
ѪɽһҪ
䣡
ʮڷɽͬʱתһ󣬽ݺᣬʼһĥ֫
֫ǬڣȻϵȻûãѪɽ䣬С

һŭһȭĿռ𿪣ͬʱȭٴλԴϡ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һ׺ͼëֱĿֲħɢΧռ俪ʼѣƬֱײ
ף߰ڹҪԱ
һɫ䣬ߵͬʱס
ߣ
׵䲻缧ôֱ̬ԶݳȥӡҲǱѰһԶǧԶ
飡
޴ȻըǿֲϯһУܷµ𶯣ƬѣγһƬֲĻ
ġúݣ
ǧɿ⣬׺ͼ£ǰǿµ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʵǿǶɳʥ˼裬ĵ
Ǻǿǲǰˡ
üͷ΢΢һȻ˵
һһɻʵȥˣ
ȥˡ
΢΢һЦ̫ǿֻĥ¼ǿΪαħһ
ЦЦʵȥʲôط
ڰɭ֣ҾȥĿһ˳ˡ
»߻նңڶԻǹǿˣ̫á
Լ³һࡣ
¹ýλ̽һµĵ̡
˶֪¹Ϊ˸Ųٵħ򣬵ħʵʵˡ
Щħ˾ôģͿɳʥѻǾܿó
»ǻնңǿ
¹ҵʵħʵҲҪʧأ¹Ҳðա
ʢ𣬸콾֣¹ȻҲЩ콾ȥͷħʵ
΢΢Щԥ˵˳Ϲ껵˾ҪСһˡ
΢΢һЦ˫һҾϹδػȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ЦЦΪҲ뱻¹ҵӡ

һɵܴǲϲ˼ˣ΢һ㲦йؼ
˵¹ħʵô
š
ģһȺϺꡣ
νһЦҲӦøл¹ңղͷһսҪͻˡ
һϲʵҪɽˣ
ųϣɣЩȫҪȥڰɭһЩӾҰɡ
ͷ׻е˼
ʱпܶɽ٣ڴһżһ׵ڣ׵ΪһʵķԾ
вʮʱ䣬׾Ҫ𻢶Ծʮʿʵ̫ˡ
Сӣİɣɽٵʱ򱾹Ϊ㻤Цŵ
Ц㻤Ҹġ

Цţûȥ£ǻһȥ˺ڰɭ֡
ֹˣڼʶնҺµʵһЩ½ȥˣûмǰ¡
ϹУȫѪ߰ߣһһĨѪ
ѾܽӽˣԶԶؾܿɢħĹųǣĮȻ
ĦƬ̣תߣû˿ͣ

¡
ųһƬС磬ħ棬Ļ侺࿪ţСԵü졣
һԼаɴѪɫϣһλ׷߾ϥ
ֻǳǳİ˵ħƣһ˿ħҲûУ봿༸ûκ
桭
Сڣһλ߽عС
棬Щ콾󲿷ѾˣǶ¹ҵıǫ̬ǳ
֪Щ콾ǷҳԽǰʿ˻۾һѪɫâ˫֡
λΪ£
йעһ׵ʿҪһǿᡣ


366 
һ漴¶ϲ֮ɫֺʵˣ
Ѫɫϵ΢΢ͷһɵɢͷ˵Ǹ׵ʿҶõĶ󡣡
Ҳ˵ˣӵһսŽ壬ΪûдﵽڣͿƥа벽Ԫʿ
΢΢һЦǲϵ¶һĨɭȻܶһǧͿͻ龳ʱǾͲη¹ˡ
¹ңǶˣҲˡ
˴ϲϣɸؽӻԻ͡
ٸǧ꣬ǾͿԻعʼԴˡ
䣡
һѪɫĻ׷飬컨СƮһʥҪϢա

ʱ
в֪Ѿˡ
պ뼧ڰɭ֣ƬɭַǳĹޱ޼ʣħŨԶħ˻
ٸµʱ䣬ҾͿԶɽˡҲеС˷ܣʮѣܴ޽ɳΪʿ
ٶȿƾ˵ǰ޹Ҳˡ
Ϊٶײ࣬սȴûиϡ
ƴ񻹲׵Ķ֡
ԼҲЩԽ̿࣬ĵ竹ӵӡ
߰ɣڰɭֲֻͦģħУɭʥڣҲ롣
ߡ
˳źڰɭȥһ·ħϮ󶼱ɸɵˡ
ǰǧ֮һȺºǣǴﵽ벽ʥۣʵǿ
һս׺ͼⶼˣмܴأ۲㱻˺ҧ
ģˡһתҵķ޸塣
׷൱˷ܣ΢ЦĺõطϢƬ̣ȥһʥɡ
ս૵ҪˣʹˣһеѪء
ž
һڼͷϣЦٷϻ
ιιԴ̵ľǴĴԣһƲҡ
˼ĵ裬һȻӣ
ʲô
ϻʲôȻǲĵˣԸʥ˷ġĴָʳָ໥ţЦ
ɫһڣõüҵӣȻ裬̫ˡ

£׺ͼţһһսʼתսǧ
Ǵ˺ڰɭһĵطÿ춼սжȹս۵ĺܿ졣
Σյһͬʱͷʥ
˵ʥʼԴǵҪܶ࣬ȻҲʥǶͬǿ
ͷ֪ͷƺڰɭֵİ֮һƽǱûϵ׺ͼС
һ׷ɱ׺ͼ񼸶Щ䣬Ѫգÿÿؼʱӳһ
ײһݵסһͷ뼧һٶȽһͷ
һͷƵ󷢳֮ŭҪ׷ɱˡ
ж£µɱǵսÿնڽ
һ֮׺ͼٴһͷһ֮е
սǳ£սоȻҲͻƣһٴﵽ쾳硣
ʱսѾףҲʼԴκһ콾ϹҲһս֮

ڸɵͷˣ»̫ˣȻûк顣
۵ûڵϡ
׾ȣʱָ״̬ԲһЦ˱˻ԣڿ찡
ΪʥúܣٶҲҪˣδʮڲٽˡ
ûҪôף۾սԺкô
˵֪ܲ
һƲ죬ʵΣаնɽ𣿡
ɽԭޱյ飬Ҳ˵ȫİգԳһˡ
ʱһϲߣ뿪ħΪ㻤
á
ЦЦ뼧뿪
ٿȻ䣡
һɼϢɲǼֺڰɭ֣ħ޶ţ֮
һۻµħᴩأޱߵѪɫڰУһӾ;ס׺ͼ
ã
ܰ
׺ͼɫ䣬һ޷Ͱ˾뵽һİʱա
䣡
ûԥĶȫȥһħֱӽΪ
ģ
׺ͼɫްһ


367 
һƬ嫵С磬Ѫɫ侺භޣɢһĵ
ؾŨħΪֲܲڿеħ·ǻŨѾΪʵʡ
׺ͼ񱻽Ϊɫ䣬ԶǶѪɫϵĿӰ
СӣǿΣˡԶһµӰͳ
׿Цһ˵ô
˶һۣ˴еľһ˿Ρ
˭뵽ڼ뿪ħʱ򣬾Ȼħǿ߸ҵˣԷּܽǵΪʵ˾㤣Ҳǰ벽ʥ
䣡
ʱԶǶѪɫ΢΢һɢȥ¶һϵӰ
һֻаħƵߣϥȻû¶ʲôϢ׺ͼޱΣյĸо
·𡭡·Եһħ
ιͷʲô˼ֵûеɣüͷһȵ
ɲ壿Ž壿ϷȻôѰϺõǵϵӰĿ⡣
ˢ
һضϢ޾ħڿзϢѹɫ䡣
ӣҶûȤҲǲĸףȥɡһ֡
ģҪҶһëħ򡣡𣬵űСʧˡ
׷ɫƽؿħһߴӰһ仰û˵
ǿս壬ʶˡϵħ΢΢һЦҽоçӭҵ硣
ç
΢΢һüͷʵµô
ô˵ɣ㻹ʲôô㼴ҪںϣʲôԾʡ
΢΢һ˫磬ʵҪɱң
çЦЦѪɫ俪ţΪޣƾѪޱȵĹ졣
ЦϷѾһˡ
ֻĮȻؿȻһ仰û˵
ڸսСʱóǹӭУһΪ׽󹭶޷ٻ
ֶ̫ˣµİħΪԴﵽʥֹ
ģξϣˡпЦֻϣҵǿ߻Լ
ôһֲǿߣκεֶζûãָսҲС
çû׵ı飬Թ˵ҳħ׾Ͷ԰ħ˵ݺܷУ뾡һа취ֻΪ뿪
վʧˣԵɺҼ̳ħǿߵ²𽥵ĳΪƬǿǿˡ
ҳΪʥ꣬ϧΪǰħԭҵ޷֧ӴҵЩ
ұʱȥħ˶Ĵǳˣҿϣ
çƽˮ˵ĳ֣Ϸ򿴵⣬㽫ΪõĶ¯ҽ
ʱҽΪ壬ٸһǧʱܽ龳¹Ҳ赲ҡ

ϵЦС磬çĿ磬һħ׸ס
ҵ⽫ҵ
ç¶ޱȷ֮ɫ˵еŽ尡Ϸ򲻾֮޵ˡ
çҶӵֵҲҶǲǰݵӹ̫ˣҸˣ
һԽȻСڣһģӰ谭ٶ
䣡
һޱΰӰһʥʣȫ޷֪ϢƺֻվƬռںˡ
ӰеһλºڷӢˡ
ò뼧мƣȴȻͬԶŵη
⡭
׵͵һ
⡭ѵǼӢôǸѹһ콾ѹһ̧ľ

ǵʼԴǸӢ۵ƣӢ׼ңһƵĸ
ȻӢѾܶ꣬Ĵ˵ȻʼԴ
˻ΪʮǿˣһΪ龳ΪϵĴڡ
㣿Ӣۣ
çǲϵ¶ޱȾ֮ɫˣһԶǧɡ
׿۾ֱˡ
һλʥսӣ⾿Ƕôǿһ㡣
Ӣ۰ºڷһƵģһرʣħڣֻؾ
çö겻ˣ㻹ôСӢۿڣĿºͣƴ԰ô¡
ļӢۣѾò¶âΪֻҪ־Ϳ˾
¡
ʥҲУ
һ˳ưһʱǼҵľ


368 ׾ȳ
ħܲСڣӢ۰²Ⱦ糬ʥһɫâ
һħʼڣԭѪɫ𽥶һ˿
ɫâ׽ʱȻԼָΪΪ⿪ˡ
׼æдΰݣ׼
Ӣ΢΢һЦضǺֵܣƺһ弴ɡ
塣
ЦЦϺ
Ц뼧ӢϹϵ׽Ҳûˡ
Զ
çɫһ޴ѪɫſأΧУһԴģ
Ӣ۲һЦçûҪô䱸ûҪ
çңңӢۣȻˣԣ˵Ҫɡ
Ǻǣˣҽֻ׵ģΪ㣬һϲ
çЦһǶѪɫĻԽĺأһǽƵģ뼧Ӣۡ
ײɰһЦ
çҲһʥȻ˾¼Ӣۣûۿʵôһ档
çϵѪ洫Ӣۣôģ֪ڵλǷʼԴϵĻȨȻҲ֮Уֶͳһɡ
ӢһЦ̫ˣʼԴǵؾӦһûͳġ
˵գ֮ôç̾Ϣһ뼧Ӣ۾ȥ
Ӣ۵Ѳ͹թͼʶί߾çʵûаա
Ӣ̾ϢһֶˣҾΪ£ҲΪ֡
෴㿴Ҵʲô
Ӣһӣһ͸Ű쵹ĵڰУɢ㡣
⡭Ǿҩɵĵ裿
ŵֺ󣬾çʱˣѪɫȻɢϵӰسС
ɫɰҩƵĵ裬Ӿ˰ꡣӢ۵ȻһЦ
çɫ粻ǿŵ裬˳ȣһӳ˰Ԫĵ裬Լֵ
Ҫˣ໹аԪʳŵ裬֮Ϊǰһҵȹĺð취
أ
ç˫ĿȣҲûбǰջģƽʵ
Ӣ΢΢һЦΪҸҪʲôأ
çЦһթˣôܲµó
Ӣ۹һЦǾ־ˣŵ͸ģô˵Ҳн顣
Ҳнôçߣ˫ɫɣüͷʵӢۣʲô;˵Ҫˡ
ֻϣֳʮ갡ǡӢ۴һӣױ뿪ƬС硣
ç΢΢һԶǿɢŲâĵ裬ϵױĹеЩ

׻ָ֪ʱѾħһƬĲԭ
΢һһǧ
סһЦһ
ûἧ񣬶ǳ弧ӢдлСֶлԮȡ
Ӣ۰ѩ磬Ϣºͣɲ⣬ҪͻҪࡣ
΢΢һЦֶض뼧Ľֵҳ
׻л˿α
ӢۿһЦ
ֵҹ˼ɣϵ㣬ϵһ涼ѡ
Ӣ۵һۼ񣬳ô˻ô٬ʲôҪѧϰ
ѧϰϰְڵļԻˣҶ°۴С
ֻһЦʱҲ˵׺ͼҲĶ֡
£콾УЩս£ЩĳʱС
ִֻƼңΪԽϺأĥƽ˵ǡ
Ӣۿ緢ˣĸο
ףô뵱Լ񣬶ôĿһУһ˵İη
Ȼ
ԼҲ൱⣬Ŀг˴Ȱ
壬һֱڷɳǰɣ΢΢һЦʵ
Ӣ۵ͷЦһֱĬĬעǵʥߣֻҪû֮ݣҲ֣ȴûϵçͷȻˡ
ɳǲͬطҲ˳ȥ˼λѡ
׹һæʵϰ֣ɵçͷôģҶҳ֣ǻˡ
Ӣ۲õб£Լȥɱô¡
૵ܴùҪʲô
Сӣ˵ʲô
ûûʲô


369 ϴ
̲𣬴ޱ޼ʣ΢һڶ͸һɷҷ
΢΢һЦûն˾çƺ¹Ұɣ
š
Ӣ۵ͷһԭ򣬾ç£¹ʼղҶħ֣ͷҪƴһ¹ҲܵСĳ
ȻһԭҸһλǰӣžçһ·
ǰ
׺ͼʱһ
£ѵʸüӢ۳ƺһǰô
Ӣۼﵽʥ۷壬ƣվܱǧ硣
ӢۿСһԾӣҡͷһЦϸ̫ˣʸҺһǰҲ١
λǰħǿߣǰսһʱȹһǾçʦ𡣡
΢΢һç˵ͨģżȻõһȱĶ
Ӣ۴Цһλ龳ǿߵĶôýȥģûôǰͬ⣬çˡ
׻Ȼ
ϰ֣ԶҲ龳һ˵
ʥ֮ϣ龳塢ֻԶ壬һﵽ𣬶֮Ϊ龳ǿߡ
׵ͷ
Ӣ۵һЦŵλǰ˵ԺлᣬȾçһԹçʦһΣôұһΣӴǷ
һЦգ۵çٳ֣ϰ㻹ô
ˡ
Ӣ΢΢һЦɫǿҵţȻѾˣٶǳ֣
׿żӢһӰɵĳȡ
ˣ缧Ӣ㣬£һ֮ѹǧ콾Ի͵սʥҪ˱ᡣ
͸çһ裬ӳԪ꣬һΪ˱ƺ¹ҡ
Ӣ۹һЦΪֻһϣçܹǾͺˡ
׺ͼҲЦ
ˣҪʼԴˣҵĳѾ˲ˣҲҪȥˡ
壬һˡ
׺Ȼڡ
ӢЦʡ
׵ͷѵ˵Ļ˼ӢۣеλǰһֱΪɵ
ǳ֪ǸǿߵݣվФʲôĿġ
˵󣬼ӢۺһüͷһĨ֮ɫ֣ͬʱһ˿޵ľ
֪˭ΣӢ۲ŵ
˭ʵ
вԣǧѹǿߣӻĹųһֱӡǧǰѺռ¹һ鵺죬Ϊ֮ء
ҿ
һ¶֮ɫͷʲôݰ¹ҵĵҲҰռ¹ûԹô
ԹԣΪ뱱вԽãһ鵺첻ʲôӢЦЦ͵ΪǱв龳ϴܡ
龳
ֳģҵ׺ͼһ㱡
׺ͼһۣ൱ԡ
С¾Ȼǣһλ龳ǿߣ̫˰ɣФʲôݣҲһλϴȣ
Ӣ΢΢۾ԵͳеλǰӦþǱвԡ
вԸƧҵֱʱɱλӣ޶ԣҲûҵĻ
û뵽һŮˣȴϹˣбΡ
Ӣüͷ׺ͼ񣺡Ů˼ȻǱвԾˣǾͰǧȥĻͷǵġ
׺ͼæͷ
ЦԷ龳ϴܣмȥĴڡ
ΪǿˣȥһسҲУͷٻ겻⡣
㬵¹һλ龳ǿ߽ãʵִ˼֣
޹أͷ۵ϹҺͷҡӢ۹һЦֵ죬ˡ
ߡǣͱ
Ӣ۴һӣ뵽УɲǼѾԶ˷ɳǣصʼԴǡ
ããĲԭ£ֻʣ׺ͼˡ
Ϊһɡ
Ͳģ׳˵
ʱһʵǰɣҪɽ٣㿴ﻨݲôãٵ̫ϧˡ
Ҫȥɽ϶ɽ٣Ѿ޷ѹԼΪˣٲɽ٣ʱпѡ
ָԶһʱʱֵɽ˵
ǻʲô߰ɡ
˻⣬ٳԶɽȥ
ߺԭѾ뿪ļӢٴˣͬʱһӰһࡣ
һ꣬
ϹˮҲвסôӢûлͷʵ
ӰЦһԶŮڷɳػȻɡ
߰ɣ겻Ҳ֪˼ˮ֮ȥȻУӢЦʵϵ˫һ˿Υս⡣
ҲӣϹˮһЦ


370 
һɽۣѩ̹ǵĺХǧһ
׺ͼɵɽۣ׼ɽ١
Ҫʲô׼ôǶ棬ûһ˿ϰ
վǧ֮ΪһУϾҪˡҡͷƬ̼Ѿ˰ѩһѩˡ
á
ûзϻʿ뾭һأûһ˿Զܣ밴Ͱȥɽ١
ֻҪϵҲνĲ֮þ϶Ϊһôʿĵ·Ŀʼ
Ѿ˲֮Ͳؾ֮Ψûпϵ֮ٳ
٣ٵٳ֮һٿڣӴ˿Խһɾǿ
ǿԽԪ񣬿ٱҪá

ǧ⣬ϥУѩմܰů紺ĿȻͬ
Ҳ֪СӵĴô걾ӵ٣һ;ÿֲ
䣡
ʱ׾УͷųԼͬʱĬھޱ١
ǡ
׵ģһɫĵдô֣ᴩգһӾͰ״ɳס
ϣ
Զֻ
ɫһڣȫˣͷըһư̡
ģӻû׼ãûи䣬ŭӲ졣
䡭
һɫĵ߶ʱγһƬ׺µϢӿɽڶ
ֻɲǼѣɽѾʮף׺ãã֧š
ƲգһУе֣ʱһɽƵ׵
׳ۣҵ껹ҪҰ
óһЩʳһ߳ţͬʱĦ׶ɽ١
ϣͺۡ
Զױһ׹ըͷˣͷɣֱӱѹϰû
һžһƢûУתķˡ

ʱ֮վʩչ̹ħͬʮɵݣԡ籩
׵ΪˢԼ
һɽһ׹ն߷׷ױըͷʱɳȥ촷ۡ
һĽѣձըɽˣ׼뼫Σյľأ񼸴סˡ
飡
һ绯ıװӶըˡ
ҿ٣Ҷûâָıз׷׶ʵ̫ܼˣ޷ܡ
ʳ͵裬ǿʶ
αѣֱԴ£ˡ
һնһɫâ
˵ǿһǧɣҲһ첲Ҹ첲飬Ѫɢ׺С
ף쿪ٲ֮öеһ忪ɽҪ
䣡
ٴ壬׺վë׶ڷ⣬һ˿˿׵֮ڴ
ڤ֮У׹ˢȻʱʱѪڷɣȴûܵˡ
ÿһ֮ͱøΪӲ
ͬʱ
ʼ蹬ͼ򿪲֮ϵ
䣡
ϵＴʱһƵ׹ͻȻ䣬ֱӴڤ룬һǧףӶˡ
ģọ̀žͺۡս૵

ŭ𣬷˿裬ħһɢɫâѪһ׹ⶼˡ
̬
ˣ̫ǿˣֱǴĹﰡ
ʱÿҪƿ֮ʱ㱻ٴңԼˡ
һң䣬֮ü䣡
䣡
ŭǽɫѪֱӴеƲ㣬ü֮ͻȻһ֮
޾ؾʼӿ롣
ʱĶɽ٣֮ɣ
ϵ￪ٺ׺ȻγԲڣ״δķ
ٲ֮Ŀʼ޾ľ뵽֮ڣľԭǿϵ￪ٳ󣬾ʱһȫ˲Ȭָ̬֮
ս
ŭһȭһȭȭɽƴޱߡ
һȭȥһ顣
ֹ˰ʱɢȥ׳ɹ׵ڣΪһʿ
ⳡٷǳգ˽ɣɽѾ촷ۣջ̹ħͬķ࣬ˡ
Զ˷ܵĴ𣺡Сӣڽ׳ɹˣ˲֮
ǰ
Ҳ൱˷ܣʵһʹ԰벽Ԫ۷ʿҲһս֮


371 ݱ¶
֮֮֮أҪʶΪպԪ׼
ҿ˲֮׵ľٵĴҲǿܶࡣ
Ŀ磬һɳʣȻһͷųѪޱȵǿ
һˣٹȻܲһ㣬׺ĺֲܿµ
绯Ǿ콾ɽʱеףѵıҪ죿
ɵؿ̾
״ЦҪȻ鰡㶼Ȳô޵£
ˡ
뿪˶ɽ֮أٹһСɽͣ
ͣ
ɱͷֵɽޡ
ףɽٳɹһ١
һЦð㳢һҵա
Ƭ̺磬˸һ̳ƶһ˺ҧһߺʵФô죿
΢΢һЦ¾̳ӣô죿һɣֲǱвԵĶ֡
΢΢һüͷѵŮܲɣ˵ݻĹҴ֪ˡ
ţ
΢΢һ
ӦФģ˵һŽĹ򡣡
̾ϢһʵݳҪ¶޿ɱ飬ֻҲûϵѾ÷зˡ
ϵû˵̫ңԶˡЦЦõ⣬ʲôɶǴġ
һ˿į֮ɫȻ֪ҲˣֱʵҲϵô

ҡͷ˵ҸĲٹżʼûҵϵļʼԴĺңԶ
Ȼ̾ٻȥˡ
δأֻҪﵽ龳Ϳ֮˲ƣҵԼļ硣
ҡͷЦ龳ѣ;Ҳ龳ǿҲǧ֮ˣʱĵ˷ǣزȥҶˡ
ôˣȾơ̳ӡ
Ⱦơ
ǹһʳһ⣬ʳʳߣṸͻȻ䣬һº͵
Զз֣ܻзӵо֮
һ͵Ϣӿ
ʦܣҷ̵Ӳܳ⣬Ǵˡһλɮ˽̤ն
ġ
ɫһڣݺݹһھơ
΢΢һţôͺ¿ˡ
಻һı֮ɫеǿȣһţ
࣬˭ʦˣҽòִ׶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ͺ¿ûûˣһ·Ȼ׷
΢΢һЦҲŭǺǵʦ˵㽫µĻôҷԵ
£
ЦмʲôʱҲʼǿǿˣͽڶ࣬ҪȥҲǧˣα
ʩ
˫ֺʮδԡ
ˡûôȻ£ұϾҲǻĹңκ
ʦҴˣܳΪô׳Եͣݺݹһھơ
ʦܣ㱻ǧҵ˱ʣҺʹɫ࣬Ȱ˵ϣʦͷǰ
ҺȾƣ⣬ϲŮˣǲʺҵġ׹ϾܾЦ࣬ٲߣСҳ֡
ҲĿⲻƵؿֻҪ໹ʶȤ˲Ⱪͺ¿һ١
࿴ףֿһۼ˫һ˿ԥβ΢΢ϸʦܣǻټġ
ûⰡ
ЦǺǵϣʱʦµϲơ
УһɫĲʺ磬һֱ쵽ޱ޼ʣڲʺϣ󣬱ʧ
Уŵķ
ôǵˣȺͺ¿βȥıӰֻһЦ
׸ƣû֪ôǸͺ¿ˣҸħʱҡ
СΪºܹϣǻĹҪҲһϴܸˡ
ҲڼңҲ˸Ҵš
һʱˣðֻҪǼң˭Ҳ
һ׶ʱûθڣʵʱ䣬ȥ
Ŷ£ȥħˣȥֺһ⣬˳һٺʡ
һЦʵأ
Ҫȥһʱ䣬Ҫػҵ޳ɽ١
޳裿


372 ޿ƥ
ЦŽ͵ڷɳշһͷӰ񣬻аҾҪʥˡ
ҿʥ٣
һӰ񣿿ԽӰʵ̫ˡ
ҵƷͦһá״Ц
һĽʵı飬ߵӰϡ壬ʼԴǶˣһλ޳ҲӰѾΪʥ
ӰΪʥ֮ǳϵͳ꣬üֲ
һðʦԽ̵һЦ
ͷʦ꣬ѧ̵òˡ
˴һٺ󣬾ʹ˷ֱ
ǰֺǷӰչصĵطһػԼ޳裬ͬʱޡ
ʵսĻѾܶˣԱչоɾϣٷһЩܡ
ƪȫ򣬶ͨƪһֱδܴ򿪣൱ᡣ
ɾķصͨս϶
ʮҪ𻢶ԾԽĸоʱȡ
ʮڣҪɾͨƪѧἸͨ
Ȼȭ졢̹ħͬǼͨ޷ɾͨ
ҪӮ𻢣Ϊǿͨ
ʣʮ꣬׻ģ
һΣգȫƽȹֻеһ΢СʯӣΪǡ

䣡
ûã׷Խ˼ɽӰչصĵطȥ䲻һϢ
һֻ޴ĽŴֱѹ죬һɽƵѹס


һ˸˫Ŀ¶âɫĽХƵնȥֻնɷ顣
ݡ
ʱܷһȺˣףȴǰɫƤġ
ҹһ壡
Ŀ䣬żҹǿߣĮ㣺ҹ壿ôĵӣҶҳ֡

һҹǿĴЦɫ磬ĿⶼɫģԵޱȡ
˵ŽҸոƳӡȲҪһˡ
⼸λҹǿƺǸƿӡ
ڵǿǿգˣⰵҹȻҶ֣Ž塣
ֱΪ鲢ô򵥣ҹһԼԩ޳ѵΪô
ԭӦЩ˽ףðҹǿ߾ɱԼ
˵ʵЩʵ
ҹ죬벽Ԫ۷ʿûжɽ٣׻治Ӧս
һΪս˺ܶ࣬Щʱɱɾʹ̡
Ȼұȫλ
䣡
ɫԥس֡
ɫѪû˸ɣһХʮɵľˣݺһȭһ
ֱǰȭ죬ǵߵǬһȭȥеİҹǿ߶ɫ䡣
ã鱨Žôôǿ
ۣ
׳Ⱥƴ䣬һưһĳ࣬һȭһƬ⣬ŲӡɲǼ䱼һߣһӰӶˡ
˫磬²ɵͨһ˼ս
ۣ
һ˱һᴩԴ̶
壬ǴˣǱɱģһҶֵ¸ǣҵɱ㡣
ǰҹУߵһɱ۾ˡ
ţ֪ˡ
һȭһ˵Դͣ֡
ʱʮֻʣ°ҹ죬һƬǽİգ˫ĿѸһ˿䡣
ȥɣ
ͻȻһرһСתſµת˲仯һȵĵâ¡
Ц֮ȥüѿʮڷɽȥ
Ǭ󣬻һסǵ⣬һ㽫֮ĥ
ͬʱһȭԷࡣ
˵Ҷɱңҳ־͸ľ򡣡Цȥ
ȥʱҶֺƬս
ҶЦֱǿˡ
ɱȺ˺Ӧöɽˡ멵ͷһ˿Ľ䱸
Ŷ꣬׾ͱôǿˣٹʮ꣬ǶΪԷĵˡ
Ҷ֣в̫Ҫ׹һͳ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڱżңܹɱıƱȻ޷ɹ
Ҫô죿
ҶһЦĿԶ˼ˣ𻢳ʥָտɴһ𻢳Ϊʥߣױ


373 Ӱɽ
պ׶ɹڴٵϢ㴫ɳǣǰʿ֪ˡ
Ϣ֮Ŀɫӡ
֮ǰ廹δɽپƴ벽Ԫ֮ٳɹһսӿֲˡ
һûһ˿ɽϣվǧڵľȫһգħޡľ
ɫĮǹһ˿Цһڶ֣һŵĲŰϢ˾㤡
ףûϵСĳɳˣ꣬Ŀһսˡ
Ȼ൱ԸҲСӢۣ׵ĳɳУʱձؽΪͷ󻼡
Ůˣ
䣡
һµϢնˣĿ΢΢ңԶǲˡ
ţ
δ䣬Ŀ磬һ࿴ȥԺаɫ⻷֣
һӰԶٶ죬գۼͷɵʮ⡣
һΰӰһϮĿͬյ촽ʾĵǿԸ
Ϲ껣ʲô۾΢΢̲
Ϲ΢΢һЦĿҲһ˿ŨŨļɵ
⺫ҵħѾӽԪڣʥ
ֻ֣˵һ¡
ɫȻؿʵ£
Ҫ׳֡Ϲüͷһɡ
ţ
΢΢һüͷЦϹֹ̫ܵ˰ɣʿ֮սֲϹָֻš
ϹЦɫȻƽ˵û˼£ֻױСÿˣҾͲ

Цкâ׻һӣȻĹﶼˡ
Сõ£úֲģֻԺ˵һ׳֣ұѹ㡣
ƾ㣿
ɫʱ͵һӡ
䣡
һֻ޴ס˲񷣬ޱߵıŰ֮գݺݵسϹѹȥ
ƷźɫһϹ껵ľѪҲɡ
նʥôС߻ħ
Ϲ껵ȻһЦͬһƻûơ
Ƭ¡¡촫ɽɲǼ仯Ϊ촷ۣѿһʮɵĿӡ
ϹƮȻԶȥһ仰նʥˣħĳħ
ߣһһƬĳɷ飬ʵ¶޾а
Ϲ껣ƾҲҶָֻţһϹҡŭԺ󰵻ɫ⻷ʱʱֲ֣

﷢һ׺֪飬պӰչصɽݵؽģҲʼչء
һˡһȥ
ˣҼҪͻˣꡣӰҲ˹
ţúɽʱΪ㻤
ӰӦһֽڤ֮УԲǧڵʥϢ
ʱпܻɽ٣޷ѹˡ
ĸοӰɽٳɹ̫һٳһλʥˣƽһ֮⣬ܵС
ϥУʼԼĵ
̰ġ
֮ٳɹˣüǿӦһЩɫˮΰɣ
ƵĽɫʼµﴦ͸һ̫šǿϢ
ľ谡ɣҪصһˣľٻȥ
૵ģר
һº׳ɹһνɫˮΣȻǺʹ࣬Ҳʹ̡
£жʮνɫˮαһӾ͹ᴩ
Ȼ֮Ѿǿˣֿ˲֮ʹܣѻҪʹ򱶡
ƾŴսʮνɫˮȫˡ
Ӳ࣬αһ㣬¶϶޼¡
˶ʮνɫˮ֮ջܴ
ԽӲͬʱ֮֮һƬɫľ
գ۱֮
ˣҲˣҪˣҵ޷ѹˡӰ񼱴ٵ
ãҰ㻤ɽٰɣ
״ʮɽջؽ󷨹رա
ԼԶǧɣվһɽ׼ĦӰʥ١
ǧ֮⣬Ҳòֲһ󷨣ĿǧĹ⾰
䣡
Ǵ󻺻һɽӰ˲Բڶµ
ҿǧ̫ˣһᱻ꼰һЩɡ׸ɫʱһڣ˺ǧɡ
޳趼ҪΪʥˣԿ


374 Щ꣬Щ
ˢ
һӰԶɽͷϣδͷϤϢ΢΢һЦ
֣ôˣ
ЦЦմӷֺǡ˼λøңѰҲû±
ײһЦ
ԼֵڵأΨӰɽٵʱ˵ңԼӦ
ֿž󣬲̾ҪΪʥˣÿֲӰ񡣡
΢΢һЦ֪ܷȻɹѣɽٱ廹Ҫ浣粻
Цˣʮ㣬޳豧кܴ
ǡ
״Цǿҵ޳裬˵ʥ٣ΪҲ׾١
ֲɴЦ
䣡
˵䣬ͬʱоһգ޾׺һɽȸˡ
ʼˣ
ǰʼˡ
ȻЦţҲһ˿š
Ҳ֪ӰǷ˳ɽ٣Ϊһʥ
е׼ã͸Ӱĵ裬һֵǵĹҩ
͹ҩǲ˵ģ֮Ч
ǡ
ȻԶҲǿֲ׺Ҫ׶ɽʱֲٱ
ʥٰȻ£
Ҳ¶֮ɫ̶ֳȵ£ֻ֮Ҫ
Ӱ٣Ƽƴ
޾׹裬ֹâڿУɫ׵磬ɫâ̺Ŵ
ʥ٣ӰҪ׽иʥķ򣬷׽ٽֱֹ
䣡
һڹ˸׺ͷֵɫʱȻ
ͷϷˣ̫ףÿһλʥ߶Ҫ췣
׿ƿֲһ׹Ҫǧ򱶲ֹһɽը˻֮أǧһƬڡ
ĺÿֲʥߵĴ𣿹Ȼǿ־ؿţдࡣ
ΪѾǰ벽Ԫ֮Ҳɽ٣ǰĦʥ٣ɽҲкܴİ
һƬƬľ׹裬Ӱ岻֪˶ٴΣÿһζѵغˡ
Ӱһʣһ㣬ȴǿϢ
ѾʼˣǳΪʥؼһ̾
ΪȻ
һִķӰڣסٱ
ÿһλʥڸصʱ򣬶֪ϤԼıԴԴɷڣʱ֮ǰȻͬˡ
Ϊʥ߿Զ÷ɱУһӳ׻һ
ɫķ޳Ĵ󵨣׽ٵַһ̾
ЦˣϾҵ޳裬̳еŵ㣬ȡ󣬵ôࡣ
Ӱԭϵ壬ٵһΪʥ֮󣬽һʥҪǿ١
䣡
̫׵ĽѹٲδֹͣһƬȵ׺ӰΧķһӱö
̫ף
ȵըգҲըӰ塣
޾׺У׹˸ڶʼҵĲٵֲ̫ˡ
׺ͷֲٴ˺ǧɡ
ٵķΧԽԽ󣬷ԲڶӰһֱ֣Ȼмըˣ壬Կ١
ĺܲѾȥʱˣټˣһλʥЦ
΢һҲЦϣһ˳ɡ
ͬʱһ˿ɻΪʲôû˳ɱأߵӰɽ٣
벻ףֺ
ֿһף¶һ˿Цݡ

Զ
һѪɫĮصס˶ۺһȺ콾ȻһĨЦݣ䡣
ȥңȹһء
ͬĳֹһ
ϹĲž޴ĻޣסһȺǿߣ΢΢ЩƣӻڴɱҵôҪʱ𲻴Ӧ
ϼʱ򣬲Ѫһ߻˺۵գסһˡ
ڣϹľ΢΢Щ԰ףһ˫ǳǴŽЦ⡣
һ
ΪңϹ뺫ˣתսǧ½³
ΪõҸסħĺ

ݡ
ֺͬʱһüͷһȺ˳߷ĵѾǸ֪
һְֻסļ򣬴һ˿ŵЦݣգҪ֡
֣
΢΢һЦúõعۿ޳ʥɣЩĵˣʰ
̶̵һ仰׻Ȼ
ƽ׵ã֪һҲ󣬶߾ȻôѸԸԸΪԼЩΣա
׵һЦзǳůŷԶȥıӰڸжʱޱȵĽ
⡭ҵֵǰ


375 ʥ޳
ɳǵս׵ֵԼжڹʲô飬ʲô
ִһ˿Цݺţȥӭսһ콾
΢΢һЦĬĬŽֵǿΪսպ󲻹˭ΣգƴҲȥȡ

䣡
޾׷ǵأӰмĥѣ֪˶ٴΡ
ÿһζּǿĻ͸ĵ͹ҩӰƾŴһδͦ˹
̫׺̫һٶɵձȾһƬɫֲ
һۣȻը˺ܶ࣬ķΧӰߡ
ã
΢һ
ͨĿһӨ͸ᴩӰ塣
һǧٵ
ǧٵӰ֮˷츲صı仯
һɢϯأ˾㤡
ˣ
ˣ޳ϾҪΪʥˣҿߡִսһȺɫ䣬ȫ뿪
߱ߣΪֵ𣿡Цͨ
һ
һĨ貵ĵâʱ˵ն顣
գ˭߲ˣ
ɫ벽ԪΪʩչ־ͨܵסһ
ߣԭΪҲôΪıòҾϲˡЦǿϢסһˡ
һĸߴ콾ı˱ԴϢڷְԵĹ£ȴС¶š
ԭΪǲ𹬵һλʥӣ붫۹ϵã۱Զֶս׼ķ֡
Ϊʲô
ԭΪ𣬼Ȼ˳ҲûΣо޴ʨӰ֡
嵽ʲôһضƴڱԭΪУӶˡ
ֻΪǱ顣Įؿ
ɣ
䣡
һʥϢ޼ɵǵصʥƺƵ޿ƥС
һӵСԭΪͷһֺɫĹâһתѹ֡

ֻδ֣䲻ԶʮڷɽХһǬѹ
ħһӰԭΪһ࣬ûһ˿ԥһȭҵĻȥ
ȭ죡
ߵǬ
ȭ켫һǰƣֻһȭͰԭΪƬ
ѪգԭΪһ
֣Ҫ֪ˣһҾԲǰ
ֻʣһԴԭΪֵĴУٻʥסͷ­ȴȻ׵ĽίʵȻסһʥ
ȥɣ
һɫĽԭΪʱ
ɱԭΪ֮ǿڹӵСŭҪ齣
ƷʥѣҲǰ񡣡ֺͬʱЦ
ûʹʥֻһ֣ɲǼĥ˹Ŷڵ
ǿڹŶΪ촷ۡ
¡¡
͵׺ͷֽԭΪ֮һʥϢڸ֮ڡ
ٳɢȥӰһͷȻƵĺبУǧɾ޴
һͷ޴ӰƺֽˣһɫƤëǳʥ޿ƥС
ʥˣɳǵĸֵһʱ䶼֪
ԶĬĬˣһƬʬ塣
УŤͷһߣһЦģǰȥˡ
䣡
ϹĲž޴ĻޣնеˣȻһ˿޵˹
׶ʱһЦ૵ףûʧŶ
δ䣬˱ڻڡ
Ϲ껵սȴڽУ˴תս˽֮½ǧɣձ֧顣
¹ҵһλʥֹ֣߳ˡ
ϾǷɳǣ¹ҺͼҵĵطҪǺϹһ¹Ҳ鷳
նʥϹˡϹ껴ЦȻһѪȻɡ
ͬˣԺĹ⻷࣬ɭȻؿһϹ껣Цһת뿪
Ϲ껵ȻһЦһѪ
ɫ΢΢һݣȻµ˼㣬浽ͷδǶ֡

ɽٳɹˣ
׺ͷַ˹ȥŸڵؾӰڻۣ¶һ˿Ȼ
治Ƕɽٳɹʥһһ֮ǣ˸ľ
Щ㹻ûӰӴ
ˣȥָΪһŶӰףһɣӴޱȵӰգʧ
һϤĳƺײһЦ
ӰȻΪʥ޳衣


376 ͵ø
һͷɫľڿзɹ޾ǵأ룬֮
Ӱһ㣬Ӵգ޾ľڣʥԽĿ£ɹȥĵطһƬƬ
Աˣ
ˢ
һɫĹâӰӴʧȡ֮һλӵɫĽŮ
Ůò㣬粨ȴʱʱһ˿ʥߵϺͰ

Ϊȡ֣ܻΪΣΪһʥǿߡ
ѽѽãҲ֪ƯôӦǼƯġ
΢΢һЦٻʢʤա
ݡ
ԭʧٳʱѾǰ
ֶʱһȻϢؿǣ̫ˣ漴¶Цݡ
ŮһϤϢͷӰģӰΪʥߣȻԻΪΡ
΢΢һЦλΪΣоΣ
գŴ۾ϸؿ˼ףһĻÿɰԿЦġ
΢ЦΪʥߣɵѡȥԸңҲڷɳǡ
ҲŲҪء
ҡͷ˵ɳǲ棬Ҹ˺ܲأû˵İô컯ΪΣ
ְһ̾
׵˸ڲ֪Ѿ˺ܶˣһʥԸΪ޳衣
һǾҪʼԴǣʱһʦԽ̵㣬Ҳһλʥ
ð
ڴʥԸСƵģʵԿƿֲ
Ӱԭϡ࣬żǿ츳ͨοһʥ
¾׺ͷ֣Ҳױѹ
ʥ߲ۣʥֻʥ

ݡ
ҲˣźԶʹЦСӣԡѪսռҹҪôң
ŤͷΪؿһļ񣬾ȤҳҲܿΡ
һʱ俴εĵĿʱһæ׽ЦǾɣ
粨Žߵļ񣬲֪ΪνĵһĨߺ죬ʵô֪ҵ֣
ЦСӾǰ㣬û뵽Ķɹʥ٣ôƯ
˵ԼƯĻϲһ˫۾״ʵƯ𣿡
ȻƯˣҼŮſڿӣȫȻû׺ͷֹŹֵ
˶һۣЩ
ǵ񣬾ȻһĨ顣
ףûɣѵĴ
΢΢һЦҲԵ֣Щϲ컬Сӡ

ִЦ鲻ԽЦ
Ϸ⣬Цʲôɻʵ
ûûʲôֻ뵽һȤˡּæ֣Ȼ¶һ˿Ц⡣
λʣһʱҪʼԴˣǽúɽɣ
׺Ȼ
⡣
޳ɡ㵸۴С
ҲһЦϴŻõЦݣʱȴһ˿΢΢ĲȻ
ԼҲû쳣
ս꣬꣬ҲϢһˡ׳̾һ

ˣʼΡ
ǣνǿ׳˭塣
Ȳ˵˼һƥһʥߣһʥ򣬳ʥǳ֣ɳǾԿһ֧顣
ɽˮ㾭˰ʱ䡣
ɽۿһֻȽȽɽɢϼա
ȥѩɽǰѩɽƵǿ֮¡
Ҳȥ̵ɳĮأɳĮǵӡǡ
һμ䣬ѾǶ֮
ļҲ÷ʼԴˡ
찡
̾Ǵúɽ֪̾ٻô
Цܼ򵥣ֻҪΪʥߣʱпٻ˼𡣡
ĸأľѾˣѾȵĳΪʥһǿߡ
Ȼδͨ츳ǿּ̧ܷһ磬׷ɽӡ
ߣ
Ǹ׼뿪ɫ΢䣬Өһ˸ĳ
䣡
һСɽƵɫɢµһݺ˹ȥ
Ǻǣ治ǿԽΪӰ񰡣ֻǲ¶һ˿Ϣ㱻֪ˡ
һִֻ̽ʥգ׵µĵߡ
ʥ
˶ʱһ


377 ȡ
ۣ
֮ͰѵĹ£һɵʥء
ݡ
ţʮ֧ǩɹ˲仯һǧɵľסˡ
һѣһȺ߳
Ϊ׵һ˫̥ˣһЦݣһɫĮĿĵ⡣
׵ȼ˶΢΢һݡ
һ˫̥ȻʥҾͨʥߣҲԪϵľǿߡ
˫ʥһλ׼˵ˣ¹ƽɫƽվһԣܵȻ
¹ƽ֮⣬һȺ¹ҵӣȫѱŲһĽԸ
¡¡
ʮŸľתɲǼͻһ󣬸񷣬һС硣
ɫЦ¹ҪʲôȻ¹Ц¹ֵҲˡ
󵨣
¹һλߵҲֱԵģ

۾΢΢ģʲôҲ˵¹ƽ죬ʲô˼
ղ˵¹ҵӶʱ¶Թ֮ɫɫһһףȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
˵ȷûʸ뼧˵
ǼҵӣҪִҵģҲֻ¹ƽλʸ
¹ƽ΢΢һЦλʦҲ졣
¹Цʲô˼Ҫѻô¹Ҫ뼧ҺͷҿսǷ㡣¹λʥߣ˿塣
ҲĿ¶⣬¹ιˣڷɳǶʥ߶ǳ֣Ϊ¹ֻ𣿡
¹ЦһȺˣĿһ˿ɵ
ѾΪʥӰ֮⣬ȷһ콾ʢס
Ž岻һս壬ŸոնɹٶѣսôֲѾ¹ƽˡ
¹Ц˻û˭¹ʥӵĶ֡
¹ʥӷǳأҲûڼһСؾͨڶʮڳΪʥߡ
¹Цʲô˼Ҫս𣿲λʥ߶Ըǣ̫¹ҵɣЦбۿȥ
һλʥ¹ɫʱúСʲô̬ȣҶô˵
ЩûõģסǣǾͱֱӲˡ
¹Ц΢΢һЦʵ֪ʲô˼
Цһƴ̨ôʲôҸղϰһ
ʲô
˫ʥɫͬʱһ䣬¹ƽҲɰ̾һ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ
ԭͲͬ˫ʥΧǣЩô۸ģολĶӡ
ֻϧλʦ屻ɱǣһҪõʥӰ
¹Цɫ粻ЦӲýţҵǰûж⣬ûԼĶ
֮ǰһֱû˵仰ĿⲻһЦЦѵǰҪΪҵ޳𣿡
ֺͼʱȻ
ԭ¹ǿ˳ʥӰ񣬲Ӱʥ¹ʲôϵ

¹ɫɭȻȵӰʱ޳裿ʥĵط¹ҵĵ̣Ȿ¹ҵʥ
ƨ
һֵͷʲôʱ¹ˣʲô¹ҹңҸû˵
ߣ
¹˫Ŀµâ޿ƥеʥȥ纣Ƶɲ⣬ƺƵϯԲǧɡ
㵱Ϣ֮ر¹ң¹ҵʥҵȷ¹ң֮ǰּ̡¹ȵ
ģǿȡᰡЦ¹䣬ɳ¹Һͼҹͬģӻ˵ڼأǼҸԸӰ׷ףʲô
СѣûʲôȨĪҪˣֵӰ֮󣬱뿪
û̸ˣױĮʹʥҲߡ
ˣǷʲôǣסһˣǸͷԸ˫Ŀһ˿׹⣬޾ס¹ʥ
ʥһСԲѣ
䣡
ȻǶԷǿȡᣬҲûбҪ˵ʲôֱӼ˱ǹϵĽͷһصĹâ
ƺҲӦΣգмʮɴ󣬽׼˻
¹˫ʥӶʱһ𣬽Ŷ¶֮ɫ
˲֪ǹǿһĹųʼԴǵĽȻˡ
¹Ц¹ֱֳǹ벽ʥһս
ǹôȻƾǼܷӳ壬ϷȰ㲻Ҫ֣˭ҲȲ㡣
Ǻǣ걾ֱʱֵҽģѣѵǵз֮ʹ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬һºŰɫһϲ¹˫ʥɫҰף¶֮ɫ


378 ⡭
䣡
һɾǿôʮŸľ˲ѣһѣʶʱѾһ羰С硣
ǬɲǼ䴴ؾ㡭ӢۣΪȻ̶ֲȡ
¹Цһɫұ䣬ֵؾ
¹˫ʥɫ֣¹ƽɫƽ֮⣬ЩҲȫ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
˭ҲûϵӢˣдϹˮһսѾ򣬶ʱǲġ
ΪƫƫҪͷֻصɳˣ
һͷԳƬСУһ΢΢һϢѹġ
Գ֣ЩΡ
׺ͷ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭӢûڶԪķˣ߷ϲ֮⣬˻һдǾ𺳣
𺳣
˶֪Ӣۿֲ˭Ҳ֪ǳ߾Գ֤һС
Զôɲ⡣
һ߷磬һصĶԳһ壬ͳߣΪԳһϡ٣ʼԴѾ
Ӣ߷ӦòʼԴǵõģǰսõ
ڶԪͷԳ֮⻯
ԳʮɣƤë˸ŵɫâһ˫۾ȵĹâס¹˫ʥ
֡
¹ЦҲЦǿſڵ
ֲʿ˸̵ǬҲˡ
ƨǬǼҵǬս磬ͱ˵Щͺ¿ͨ뼧ȡ
񿴵׷ǰʱֺЦһƵؿ¹һȺˣϣղŲͦôˣһȺûĴ
¹ƽɫƽѾʼĿ
ӸŭԣԹ޵ɫұ¶¹˫ʥͨ졣
¹¶֮ɫݺݵؿһۼ񣬵ڼӢ޵еƣȻҲʲô˵
ףıǹɣΪһԳؾױȵ¹˶鲻ԽĹȥ
ǣ塣׽ǹһ֮ɫ
ӢѾˣѾûκεΣա
ŲӣŲԶľԳвԾ¶һ˿ηͳ
ʥӢ۵ķһηС
ͬʱָеһ˿
ԭСӵĸôǲҲ֪ĸ׻ϲô
͵͵ȻһЦĴ۾ڼϴת
׿ЦЦ
ѾͷĿϼء
˵ɣ֮¸ôģʥ߶Ҷӳ֣Ȼ¹ҲҲҲˡ
ԳֵѾܾû˵໰ˣƫƫҪŭңѵΪҳΪ֮֮󣬱˼ɺܶô
֣ǡ
ۣ
ԳȻһָ࣬¹ƽ֮⣬¹ЩȫѪ
㡭ôõô˼֣¹ѣŭȵ
Щ˴ֵܵİͽһ׷һ棬û뵽ոɳûã㱻Ӣɱˡ
Ҿôһ˰ѵұˣҹ
֣ˡΣ¹ЦſڣһӲ࣬ˡ
ǲˣֵֶδֵܵסӢһУѳ֣ôɴȽϺá
ðòˣԷΪ뿪ɡӢɣë׵ľֻ˻ӡ
Ӣۣ̫ˣ
¹ɫ䣬һɹʥؾڵһͷɫ裬ŭơ
ֻС㣬ǽ˿һ˵Ӣ΢΢һЦͻȻë׵ش¹ץȥ
һȥ·гһ磬¹ȫƷ·ߣַ·硣
ţ¹ƽ¹Цˡ
ƾ¹ͨһŻ޷סһֻë׵Ĵ֡
ۣ
¹䱻ֱӰϣȫʥѪ쭣ͷ˲ѣһͷɫɲǼѩס

¹ЦУ弧Ӣ۵ҲҹؿԼܱܵʥλһλʥ߱һ鷲ˡ
ջأ¹ƵĻڵϣԪ񳹵ˣȻһҲֻܻʮˡ
Ȼ
һλõԪʿȻӢһƶֵס
ӢۻļӢۣȻò֣Ȼһ˼䣬Ϊϵ޵е
¹ЦҪҳֲô
ϵ¹䣬Ӣ۳ȵĿ⿴¹ЦһЦ


379 Ϊ
Ӣۣ㲻¹ұ𣿡¹ЦЦԹĿⶢżӢۡ
ģϻ࣬Сʱ򶼲¹¹ңοڣȻ㲻֣ұһѡ

¹ЦֵشУȴ赲ӢһҲϵΪɷˡ
ʥߣʼԴҲǺĴܣô׵ıϵˣԪ飬Ӵ޷
ӢһУ㬵ӵƢȻˣǾ塣
ʱ¶֮ɫ
׺ͷǵͷɫӦ
Щۿķȷʵ̫ˣ΢΢Щˣⲻҵķ񣬺ܲá
Ӣ˿ûˣһӣ˻صʵС
ϰ֣ȥ
ֻһܰװױ۸ˡӢһȵ˫ĿմһƬա
ָƵˣС壬ѾΪֻһˡ
Ӣ룬˵ĺе漴ҡͷУĹޣȥɱ¹ҵʥӰɡ
ˢ
Ӣۻ䣬޴Գʧˣ¼ˡ
¹ƽɫұ䣬ѾΪʲôԼܻţǵ׸硣
Ĵ磬¹ҵĵʥӣ
Ӣȥɱ¹ҵʥӣ̫ˣ»мܵ
λ֮·ұ⣬ǡ¹ƽһӣ¹ЦֵܵĲգ۷ߡ
׹һʵҪҪɵ
ԥƬ̣ҡͷԲҾɱһ޹أûҪǨŭ
΢΢һЦ¹ƽʺܸߣʱձܳɴ
Ц˵ϰɱ׸磬ͻΪ¹ʥˡ
ֺСĵʵĻ¹ʥӳ𣿡
֣δܳɹѽ¹ʥ߱иֱҲǺõġ

һ粨ȥȫȻ¡
֮˸ϸһƬ޴Ĳԭϣȥһǧǳ¡
֮⣬ǧ˶Ѿˡ
սڷɳǣõĳΪʷ
վʿǸɵľ񣬽ܳΪԼɵ
ס
һӰϲЦ⡣
ֺͼЦһ£ãؿһۣʵôˣ
û£ȥط̸˵գ۾Ц
š
ͷڼú
ǰǸ裬ഺ޵е꣬˫ųһ˿Цݡ
ԭĸ顣
һϲأ
ŶһƬƯĻԡҡ֣
š
ЦЦ˹ȥ

ϹϲһϮۻƳЦ˵ףþò
΢΢һЦûĹԽƯŶ
𣿡Ϲ΢΢ЩɬСʵĺƯ𣿡
ǡ
Щ飬ѾͷϲԼѾϺһֱԼϹĵ⣬ʵûа취ܡ
ףǲҪˣ
Ϲһ΢΢һЦƺܿ׵£˫һ˿ȻתЦ
ǰϾҪˡ
ҽȥ𣿡ϹĳĬһϣʵ
Ȼ԰ϹҪȥ棬ʱӭһᾡ֮ġ׹һЦȥϹ˸е
ðһȥġϹĻӻ֣ټŶǻټġ
Ϊֱ
а̾һϹı濴ܷɣƺûһ˿֮⣬ԼѾɰŮˡ
ף
Ƭ̺Ϲһ鲻ơ
Ϲ֡׶ʱЩ飬Цһ֡
Ϲ껶һԲ
ϹҺ£
Ϲ̬ٲȻϣôһǿ߶ſҲЩ
Ϲ껣ΪϹĵ飬΢΢һھΡ
㲻ϲ𣿡Ϲüõʵ
׿Цñѩ˵Ůӣ˻᲻ϲ
Ǿͺããұն㡣ϹɫĮȻ˵ת뿪ˡ
Ȼȴ֪˵ʲô̾ϢһҲתȥˡ
Ů鰮֮鷳ֻϣϹֻһʱͷԷȣ֮ɡ
µĸ飬ʵ޷ܡ

ʱ֮ǰɳʿѾ룬ĲԭվǧѪǿˡ
Щɵ콾ɳǵĥ֮Ѿ̥ǣһδʮ֮ʼԴǡ


380 
ֹһʱɫѾз㣬һ¸ڿС
ڷɳʿѾˣǧվڲԭϣһǿѪա
ʿ󶼻ΪɵľӢδ֮󽫳Ϊɵ
䣡
Ƭ̺󣬲ԭһ貵Ĺâ˸ħӰɣǰ
һʥ߿ռŤ·׵СƵġ
Һ¹ҵǿ̵ƺڼɵʲô˴˾Զ¶֮ɫ
˲⣬֪ȴһЦ
¹˫ʥ׵һ£ѾȥӢΪ֮ȶס֮ڡ
Ҫȥɱ¹ҵʥӣҲ˵Ӣ۲ʶ塣
Ͼ¹ȲعλʥȥѻĶӡ
Ķӣôίģ
˵Ӣ۳֮Ѿδֱô
һЩ˰ЦӢķڵʵΪ¹ҼȮ

Һ¹ңһλʥߣһ˻ɢ⣬糾еһ󣬿ڵǸ׼ʼԴǰɡ
ǣǰ
˹Ӧ
һ֮һʿ̤Ϲ̣ҪԼ
ףҪŶһȥģҲϹĳ׻֣ЦȻЦ¹ӡƻãһϢС
׵ͷ˵ʲô
Ϲ껲õһԼ߽֮Ŀ⳯׿һ˿в
ծѻ㲻Ҫ飬ƫƫǳ鷳˰ɡվһԣЦ㵸
ɫһڣȰùסͣǰ˵ʲôСҷ
һ㣿
ЦһʳָĴָ˴꣬ߺߵһЩô֪ʲô
׸ûǶԷЦ֣һ·أպټĻᡣ
߰Ϸ⡣ذ֡
Ҳء΢΢һЦҵĲ뿪ˣͬеĻмɵĵӡ
󣬲ֵǡ
ˣҪ뿪ˣս꣬Щءɽķɳǣ̾Ϣһ
֮ǻٻֱĹ»ûꡣЦЦָ˵
кȻֳһû˿ϢĴɽɵɽ̫ˣܾɽǱô򵥡
ֻǶΪǳȥ̽ܡ
գ״ŵ뼧̤
˲䣬΢΢һЦķɳǣһ֡
ŸտʼӴ˸ɳǣ̤·

һʱ֮
˷صǡ
һķҹʱ֣Ȼֽ֯˷
Уɢ뵹âˮ¥شвʿ˹ȥ
Ǵӷɳʿһ볯¥ȥ
ս꣬꣬Ҳúú÷һˡ
ȥˮ¥ȥһһЩõĶڷɳҲջķᡣ
߰ɣҲˣȥϢһ
Ƿľɫͫдһ˿棬һ˿һ˿ã
ʼԴô÷ŶҪȷɳǺ̫ˡ
ʥԻû׳죬Ĵ۾ͻȻһƮʱʳ
ˣкóԵŶȥ𣿡һ˫ĿתΣ޲ھͷȥ
һȥԸõʳ¥ûУеʳ
𣿡
һЦȻŶһԡ
ţáߣεε
ЦƺŮ鰮һ»ãȻ⡣
׿ֻЦЦҲõơ

ˮ¥˵ĵҲССɧ
׵ڱʼԴǴˣ˭ҲŽ塣
ǽշһͷʥ޳裬죬Լøشĳ谮
׼һϺõĳʳζ½ɣ̳ơԸ
λԵȡ
Ȼһŷ̺ڴһǵȺš
Ƭ̺󣬸ʳˮʮ޳ơ
ÿ˳ԡЦЦĿһ̳ƣš
ڿˣһһ̳ƣȻǾͿһЦݵ
ֵܣӣ겻ˡЦЦһ̳ϵȵĺþƣЦǺǵɡ


381 һ
΢΢һЦæóһλЦǰ˵ﻰ
̾Ϣһ
Ŀûп֮⣬еֻǷǳڣ֪¹ҺͽԶܳΪˡ
¹Ц¹ֵȥѻ׵һ£¹ʮŭ¹Цһصͬʱǵʦչꡣ
ȻµĲס
ȻŽܾޣ¹ҵʥͬɲ⣬ʼԴһУڳһĸ֡
ǵĵλ޷ļӢۣ
Һüûʲôʧ汻¹Цֵܴ˻²Уô¹ҽӭӢΪѪȵı
һŭƷ

ǰһЩӷɳԵıһһЩƹѲЦ˵
΢΢һЦðֵܶ޵ıȻǼˡ
ǰˡ
׺ͼȥ˶¥һңµԼá
ǵҲ˭Ե
ѾͷȻ޺ϾһλʥеѪɱ¾֮ġ
ܰסˣѾˡ
¥һҡ
׽̰峤ϻʯеõһЩԼħеõĲó֮ͼסˡ
ҿҿ
۷Ź⣬ɽƵıоʯѰʥҩģӦоУɢ貵Ĺâյͨ
Сӣ̫ˣȻҵôöҾͲֿ
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
治Ѱﵽ۷Ž尡Ϊ˳ĽչڷɳѰҵô౦ء
Щأһеû⡣
Ȼǲֻ֪׵õһֱ衢ĹҩԼһЩϺõģûó
ȻһɴСĳ
Դ촫ʥģôҲˡ
ֵܣЩؼֵܴҪ˹һֵҪʲôг
á
ֽʣ΢˼Ƭ̣ѸֽҪı
иǲѪĵ衣
̫ĵ͹ҩ˾ħȪЩҩ֮⣬ʣĵҩҲࡣ
սΪԼҲΪ̫ɽ˶ѹһЩϺõĵ͹ҩ
Ȼǵ軹ǹҩҪĹЧǲĵѪ
Щ֮⣬дĶ
ЩΪ˽̫ɽͰÿһ붼һֵķ߱
Ȼʶ޾ķ⣬ʺóһЩǿߵ졣
裬ҩ֮⣬Ҫһͨ
ǰЩ嵥һܸ𣿡Цʵ
𲽫嵥˼ۣ΢Ƭ̣Цû⣬ҪĶ
Ƕлǰˡ׹֣ǡ
뿪ŵɲǣƽҸһǲı⡣
Ǻǣס
𲿴ȥıӰа̾һ
׿Խţһֱƽʥʱ¹һд鷳

׺ͼ񷵻һ¥ʱѾԱˣե֭⡣
Աˣ
šͷЦĶóԣҳ˺öء
ϲԾͶԵ㣬ɫüȥһ߰ɣ
ۣʵΪʲôң
ôŮɢˣ
΢΢ЩߣŵϣĿ⣬ʱһЦ⣬ܲⰡ
ߺֱӻصǼ
ѵϢһϴ֮εڤ롣
ڤϢЩͨһڤʮꡣ
գۣǵڶ졣
ڶһ磬׺ͼһߵ£¥һҡ
ڣڷɢĹҩ͵衣
СֵܣȵһɡЦ
ǰȻͯۡһЦһӽڵıȫװ˴ָС
УһƴС
ֵܣһͨľҹ۵ﱾԴϵôһͨ
ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϣⲻĹų꣬һλϵʥľͨô˶Ϊû뵽й±¹ҡ
ЦЦ
æǰ̫ͨˣ֮
£ҲҴƽǸˣ⺢ҴС˴ҲΡ
һЦǾͲˡ
ӦõġЦ
׵ͷͨЦպʲôһʱͻ뵽ǰ
ǸáЦͬʱҲһ


382 Υ̫ɽ
ʱˮ¥߳Ȼô΢شţůů⸲Ŵء
Ҫˣȥģ
ؼ£ҪȥһˣȥʼһЩ񡣡ЩΡ
΢΢һЦǺ°һʼ˵ǼҸ߲Ѿһˡ
ҲδأҲȥһԼ˵ʮ뼧һ䣬ʤһΪҵ
΢΢һüͷõδЩǿѰɣѾǰ벽Ԫֻʮʱ̫ˡ

Űۣ˫ĿϷʵЦݣڲһ죬ʮ֮Ҫȥ𻢶ԾˣҶʮ֮һֻ־ѹ
ЦЦ
гһȻգ˫ۣ¶һ˿ᣬСʵǺʱܼ棿
һЦûûε˵İɣС𻢾սʱҿ϶ҪΪȲʵġ
һЦŲʮѣҲ̫ЦŵͷдŹ֮⣺ҪעⰲȫŶ
עҪΪʼԴǿˣﲻΪҵģʮټ
ء
Ҷء
ѵһЦ˻ӻ֣һıӰת봫С
ˣʮټˡĿ⣬׶ʱȤ
˭˭ˡɫʱߺһƬݺݵصһۡ
ҲûǶ̫ã˴̨뿪˱
뿪֮¹ƽڰС
ƽ죬ڷɳ꣬׺ͼǸйΣ𲱳˫֣Цʵ
壬ζлһ汻˵ϣһͷ۵顣
¹ƽ΢΢һЦ̾Ϣһˣܿ£ס
˴ޣϿȥʵǲ֮£ֻǵһʱϰ߲˼
Ҽ侲ҲѪ콾ȻﵫҲ̣ܺܺõĿԼĻһ֮󽫻һǳֲĶ֡
ǰ
̾Ϣһ΢üͷ˵ˣȵӢۻҪѲġ
ϣܳɳȥϧʮǵ̫ѹˡ¹ƽһ̾ϢЩϧ
δ˭Ҳ˵׼ԪôͻƵģ̫п߻ħ
˵ӰʧڰС
̫ɽ
ɽһĺΰѤǧ״ŵȻʱδˡ
Ȼ̫ɽİ⡣
Ǻǣˡ׸ջصԼéݣЦŽһϮȾԽ徲Ϊ
ڵϢǳ£ƺҡ̫ɽһԼеͨںһƣɲ⡣
Ȼֻվһԣһַ·ǧɽˮĸо
ͬʱѾֻһ˿޵ϢĿ
ʦ֡
ЦŹ֣˵δʦԽͨˣ˽
΢΢һЦ΢һ˿ͻƻһκܳľ룬ԭڱչأоͻȻһۡ
Ŀͣڵϣ˫ƽ͵һ˿Ⱥϲ
һʥ
̫ɽȻֳһλʥһôᡣ
ڵΪεȿֲһȥ֪껹һǧܳΪʥѾΪѵˡ
ǰ
ذݼ
ʦ֣ҵ޳裬ΪȡеӰʥЦŽ͵
жʱһ
һʥΪԼ޳裿˭鶼һֱ̫λá
ʦƺأҲɲ֮ϲɺذŵ֪ľǳʡ
Ϊ˵Ӣе֮յһλӣ˭ϵ̶̵ʮ֮Ѿɳزˣ
ףκ˶޷ˡ
ҲɳǵһЩ˵Ȼ˵ģܶһ
Ҳ֪ޱȵգ콾ɱһƬأ֤ΪŽ塣
ʦ֣þĩˣЦ˵
ͷЦû⣬Ȼҵĵһλͽ֣ѽΪʥΪӡ
һЦȥͽʦ𡣡
ѵôЦһȺ֡ͽܣѾˡ
ӵһѪҺ֣ܽΪĵΪλͽܵĳɾͣԶԶسԽԼ


383 սʥ
ʦ֣뿪̫꣬ɽԼʲô𣿡ʵ
΢΢һЦ˵̫ɽһаãĪȸǰȥˣδأѾ˰лӡ
ѩС쵰Ҳʼչˣ츳ܸߣͿԴﵽ޽ˡ
̫ɽƽ˾𽣶Ͳ̫ƽˡȻ̾Ϣһź
΢΢һüͷʵôˣ
֮󲻾ãŴȣԭΪŷϴʥӣû뵽ʧˡ̾Ϣһ
ʲô
׶ʱһûнʥ𽣶һ˭һս𣿳ǷĪīӡɽ
ǣǻմ˽ӻۣһŴȣҲʥ֮λˡ
üͷʱһ塣
մһλ˽ӣ֪;͸߹û뵽Ȼĳˡ
մΪô˽ӼʹﲻԪҲˡ
ƻͬĸҲõ˻մ洫겻٣Ѿﵽ벽Ԫ硣
Ŵϣŷϴͻˣ˴սʱŷϴ֫ϣʧȥʥ֮λ
Щˡ
ǻɱأΪʥ̫֮ɽѣҲȥһˣֵܡ
Ц̫һˮˣֵȲҪҡ
ȻһЦδѻƻֵܷƽ˵̫һˣҲӲˣڻ۵⣬Ҫʦϡ
ЦһȻˣұȥʥӰɡ
ʵŴѾûȥһս
ʦ֣۴ԸΣ
Բб߰Ը
һЦǾͺðˣȥƣ̲סġ
¶һ˿ЦݣΪʥӣҲпִƽ𽣶졣
ǺǡֻЦЦ

˰ʱհŵ뿪Ҳ߳éݣ̫ɽ
ӡ
ӣˣ
ػڴʿʱףȫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Щˣǵڳ£̫ɽĹЩ̫ɽǱޣΪ˴
ӡٴԶдݡ
ˡ΢΢һЦ˷
ӳȥ꣬ˡٴһȺ˶Ц
ЦЦٴһЩһ˸˾ְɢˡ
һڡ
ٴжǧ⼸㽫Щ͸Щֵܡ
ʣĿķӣðٴ۾ֱˡ
ӣ⡭ô˵ףٴҲ棬Ͳǧڷǰ𺳸ױȡ
һЩģǼȻңȻǡЦЦ
ٴҡͷһܸ̾湫ӣⱲӢľ
㶼ƨˡ׹һЦ˵ЩзҲбҪ鷳ͳһȻٷַȥ
û⡣
׵ͷһĿ巽򣺡͸Ϊŷϴһˡ
Ҳ֪ŷѡһˣ
ţʦѾ˵ˡ
ٴһ߿֮ɫߵ̫ˣһսҲȥֳŷֵս֮ȴӲ֫Щϡ
˫һ˿֮ɫʵŷϴģ
Ǻǣŷֵܵļᶨδ˻ɥǰȥ˴Ļʳ
Ŷ¶һ˿Ц⣺СѾͷ˰
ţһ꣬㻹δŷֵܳȥ˵ȥĻʳ
׵ͷ
ҪִĻʳһ£Ѿùư£ʵ
ƽ𽣶ػشĻʳȨģ̫һλ
ڹŵʲôײӦüΪ񣬷Ͳðա

ˢ
뿪̫ɽת˲Ѿڽ𽣷档
Ի͵Ĺڣ̤ҲȻˡ
ʦ֡
΢΢һЦһ꣬ʦܹȻͻơ
ЦʦֵΪҲԽɲˣƽʥָտɴ˰ɣ
ͰֶЦ磬硣
ڽ𽣷˽ʱ֪˵ʲô֪֮Ѿȥ˽𽣷档
ӽ𽣷Ѿǵڶ峿
ۣǰһսڶ㳡㣡
峿𽣶ӸոϰΣȻһ𴫱ʮɽЯһɽӰƣ


384 㳡
䣡
һǿѪ̫ɽȥ˶һǧɸߵĽɫѪҡϣŰɽٶϢ
ǿʢѪ˶֪ˣͬʱ̶ţһ𽣶졣

ŶʱȻµӸ¶֮ɫ
ʱ̫֮ɽ֮׾ȻˣҸջҪָսۡ
۵ʵ˶ԿţŷϴЩϣΪﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬˵ѾڲԪ
Ҳûκ˵Сס
ǰЩ꣬µЩһҫ۵սѾΪ𽣶šŵӵĽ
˶ַ֮󣬱Ȼǣȫµǿߡ
۵һսʱĿ⡣
ַѽǰ˵ڱûսϹ껣֮սƽ֡
ʲô
˾Ϲ껣λϹҵʥôҵ죬ַȻսƽ֣ս̫˾ˡ
ַս죬ʥͬСսѾﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬һսؽҡ
Һö㳡ŵӶţҲܽҼʶһ
ŵӿʼŶ㳡ȥһȺȺڿкХɹһɽȥ
㳡ǽ𽣶Ŵȵĵط
㳡ǳ㹻˹սɽ֮䣬㳡ǧ⣬һϯλŵӹս
㳡ǽ𽣶ʦϷ죬̨ɣԾʩչһͨԾ
̨ܵ㳡ĵһܵסʥ໥Ծ
׺ͻڶ㳡ԾȫõĻ𻵻߲ˡ

׵һȣ˱չصѩơ
䣡
ʦˣһɫӰƵߡ
δѩѾɳΪһ信ʵ꣬Գ޳ȥ΢΢Щ
ʦ𣡡
ѩƹһЦдΰݡ
ȥˣ竺ͯҲѾǰ̫

ЦЦ֮ϸϸؿ˼ۡ
ԭʼһѩ츳ܸߣŲʮ꣬ϾҪ޳޽ˡ
ͿƳ̤·
ѩƣ΢΢һ̾Ϣѩǰ԰ϢˣĶͬ㣬пܻᳬԽ
ʦʱġѩϵɫâһţЦʵ
ջûãڱչûȥ㡣΢΢һЦȤչͦȻûﵽ޽
ѩƶʱ⻹𽣶죬Сүһû˭ء
Ҫ֮·ˮۣ츳ٸ̿ҲȻˡ
ѩЦʦİɣһŽأΪ⡣
ײһЦ
ʦҪһս𣿺ݺһ٣ģȻ̫ɽˣ硣
仰֮ѩƶʱ¶ڣûĵ竵硣
ҲйأԼһǿƵˣ̳ͽȻҲز¡
׵һЦһû֪Ϊʲôһô졣
ѩһɵɵʵʲô˼
ѪС״Ц

Ƭ̣״ѩǰ㳡ǲûзŹȥǳų׼硣
̽ɫĴ𺳣ǧɳĳ׼պ󣬶ʱ˾ˡ
⡭ʲô
һսܸоƵʥһ߽ʥж¶֮ɫ
һҿɹصսʥϢҲƷʥϡкĶӳ
սǴ̫ɽڷɳġ
ַ̫ˡ
ַеˣ治٣ɽһξôų
ڶ״̫ɽһ£ƺƵŶ㳡ȥ
̽ɫսһͷȻƵģѹѹشӰзɹʱ˶оһ޴ѹ
ߣ
ڣƻɫͨ󿴵׼϶ʱһ˿̰֮ɫ
սСá
磡
ʱһԶ޳òƻЩüһ˿䲻ɭȻ
һ˿ЦӴսǺôų
ƻعͷĿһ˿֮ɫʵа𣿡
ɱ練ƣ
ƻ΢һüͷҡͷĿ֮ɱЩѶȣ֮ܽϵ
ģΪ
ƻ¶һ˿ЦݣЦߣҲȥ㳡ѾȲҪ׵Ĳˡ
۵ȻһЦɫƽ


385 ս
䣡
̽ɫսڶ㳡ıԵشһʥ̧ͷȥ
սڣ߳һˡ
Ϊ׵ĺȻһ۵񳹵꣬ݰףԳȴһޱŵ̬
ѩǰٴһˣȫʿͷһʼΪ𺳡
ȻȻȫǶʥ̫һֲ̫ˣַ¶ӵж
ʲôַͷʮʥأѰʦȱĵرˡ
ԭ̫ɽѾƽһˣ̶ʮʱ䣬ַͰ̫ɽչڵĹģ˽ܡ
Ŀ˸и۵ģҲаԲ
˾Ͷ̫ɽһѡ񣬻Ҳܻһء

һߣٴЩ𶥼ʵ԰һǺõģһֱҫҲ˲
̫ɽһȺѩƵĴ£Ҳֱߵϯȵ¡
ٴһѩСһﻹ㰲ûֳº˵
һ̣֪Լˡ
ѩƻȻһվ˫ֲģأٳ
ۣ
ٴһû
ˢˢ
һɲĿ⳯߿ѩ֮󣬴󲿷˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ַĶͽܶôţЩ˶ʶˣСҵȥƻ
˶֪һǵ̳ĵ
ȻҲһЩɫ䣬¶֮ɫ

ϯһ࣬һߴӰɫĮȻ߳һ˵ȴ鶷㳡
ĪīһϮɫ绯ϱܿһˣȻû˸֮һ
ǰ˲ܣԤϵĵûʧأֻԸԽƧǷмΪ϶ײ̷Ϊ
ϣһΪ˭أⲻǱʦһлܵİȮôûˣ
ѩ˺𣬵Цһ
ߣ
Īīɫһ䣬һŰɱһţɭȻĿض̫ɽһȺˣĮȻȥ
Щ˼
սڣ׿ĪīһۣЦЦΪңԼħ𣿡
䣡
ʱһǿϢ̨ϣһӰսһ㽵
ۺڷ磬˫磬һ˿˿ʥǿѪ˱ɫ
մ̫ϳϵλ˽ӣ̶ֱ̼ǿ˰
в˴⣬ӦѾʥǷȱֻΪĻۺ;顣
ٸʱ䣬ܳΪһʥ
׹ϵõһЩʱ¶һ˿ɫ
ϯ겻¶һ˿֮ɫ૵Щˡ
ȴ΢΢һЦôʦܻ𣿡
ͷ۾㳡ϵĻۣСѾʥˡ
еĳƺһЦѩ׵ĺһָҡͷһ̾ѽͲ»ʦô
Цһõ
ƽһԻմȻûʲôøУҲ̫λ̫ϳϡ
ҶʥȻմѾﵽ벽ʥ磬Ҫ͵һλʥҲǳѡ
Ȼ޼ɵ죬֮⣬ġ
İɣʦܵƢ㻹֪ܲĻҵȣ˳忪ʱעһ֮⣬ÿһ¶Ǿ˼ǵġ΢΢һЦǶ˿ġ
°ͣ˼صͷȷȻʦܸƻۣӦаյġ

䣡
վڶ㳡ڣޱѪų̂磬ף
ѩƲһƲ죺ģͶ̥
ٴʱЦ
λСӻ޼ɵһλ벽ԪʿҲʸ벽ԪʿҲࡣ
ѩ̫ɽɽڽ𽣶Ҳ޷
䣡
һɫӰӳ׼߳ǰֻһӰ㷢Ѿվڹ㳡ˡ
ÿٶȣ
֮Ŀһ
ŽȻԵ죬ǽ𽣶ӵеͨ
ʮң˵̬ͬ
ɫĮϴűɱ͵⣬ĿɭȻؿס
ƽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ףڸҳˣǰһս㲻սӣұս񻰡
ɫĮȻһ˿м
ô
׵ȻһЦ˵Ҹᡣ
Ǿȥɣ
һ䣬ʱֳһ޴Ľն
ȻԸҲСףǲ񽣣𽣶ֲ֮ͨһ
죬ұ㣬ʲô࣡
΢΢һЦͳдһ˿ص㳡


386 ̶ƴ

޴ĽͻȻبУЯһ˿ʥ̨ˡ
˱ɫ
ǻ۵ʵԷӲ񽣽һ
Уصĵʱʱ֣һɫֳУ̨ȫס
еƻ˲񽣵һನܴݻ㳡
䣡
ѪƵĲ񽣺ճŻ۵־;ѪɫĽĿֲ
飡
ɫƽһȭ
ȭ죬ɽӵߵ
սʶ΢΢һ㱣ֻޱߵȭͷסѪɫĽݿһ㽫֮ݻ١
ðȭַĲ־ͬͨΪġ
¶Ȼ֮ɫ۵ʵνߣǲ񽣵ǧɽ
Ȼôһ貵Ѫɫȴһȭ顣
Ϊ赲޷̨֪ϢӦǼ񱩵ģⳡսطնһƬ
ɫǺ̹ȻһжֵסҲˡ
Цһ侲ɱ
ͨʾһλ벽Ԫʿǿ󾳽硣
˽𽣶һ֮ͨ⣬ƺͨѪɫǵأÿһһǽѹס
ƣͨȻѧˡλڹ΢΢һüͷ
ϸ֮ˡ
֮⣬ҫаϹѩ꣬ԼĻƻ
̨ϣһصǽǵأ˷ϯס
ĿԿǽڲγһ쫷磬һɫƥ
ڣ΢΢Ѫɫâȫһƽ
ĺ֮ܲͨۺһʵʱһ
ӡɽ֮ҫƽҲûҪ˶ˡ
ЦһδذɣÿÿлΪı죬Ҳ⡣
ϹѩǺһЦҡͷʦ˵ЦˣھʵǰκСֶζõġ
ȣ
Ŀ֮£һȣͻȻһʮɸߴľˣ죬ԺХء
ǡ
ˢһ£˶վ
ЩʥǷʩչһͨʱȫ¶ȺͲ֮ɫ
ɫأûпӦʧѾõġ̹ħͬ
ȷһͨ¿޾κιܷġһЦһ
֮ƻˣɫʱúѿ
ۡ
׽ɫȭǽ飬Ȼмʮִ֮ǽںХǧѪɫб¡

ֱ꣬ûס
¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣͨĽһʲôֵ
䣡
Ȼһ̣ɫȭͷƿǧ⣬ͬʱüһʮڷɽХȥ
ʮڷɽһ޴Ľֱס˻ۣ͵Ľﲻ塣
Ǭʮڷɽ󷨡곹һ
׵ս˶еһѹ
δ׵սԽĿֲİ벽ԪʿĶ֡
ٸʱ䣬һϳ̡
Хһɽݺᣬ˺һصǽ
ǿֻԱһǽס˽Ľ

ٿȻ䣬ױֳһɫĽնȥ
ͬǲ񽣣ҪȻʩչ
ףҵģҪ
䣡
һʥϢڰ׹ǽӿʥһӾ㳡
ˢˢ
ڰ׹ǽɲǼ˸İ׹⣬βɲǼ佫ʮڷɽ顣
ģ治Ҫ
ʥԾЩˡ
ɫʱѿ
ƻ΢΢һЦξûй涨ʥλαż
ڰ׹ǽƷʥǧľʥߵɹɣ޴
͡
ڰ׹ǽۼ˺ܾãѾͨɲǼ仯ʮɴֻἸ¾ʹݻ׵Ľ
ǬȻļ̫ˡ۴Ц䣺ұ㡣
׷¶һЦЦ֮ɫŵնİ׹ǽ⣬ƽ˵Ȼ㲻عأǾͱʥѹˡ
䣡
üУٴηɳʮڷɽ˸ĽâǬ󣬳ڰ׹ǽ
⡭ȫʥ˵ǶƷʥҪԶ۵İ׹ǽ
꿴һĻɴЦ
׵ȻʱҲ㳡ƴ̣˵㣬ҲУ
䣡
һʥͷһǼƷʥ


387 ֫
ƷʥɵǬɢƵʥڰ׹ǽֱӰΧ
һŤĽӽɢϻڰ׹ǽϡ
˵ڰ׹ǽƷʥǬȻУʥɵĽ
еػܽ˺ѳƬ
۵ɫȻüѿ
䣡
ɫ粻ڰ׹ǽ𽥱ĿȻһ˵
Ҿܾ
һЦŲӡһɫâۡ
㡭ң
ɫһ䣬ɫü侪֣æˣٶȡ
ˢ
УһִĽɨȥ
ۣ
۵Ҹ첲ֱӻУʱ壬ǲҵľɫס
йսŵɫףŻǱӴܣһ¶ӵĿ⡣
һĻǰҲ
緢ŷϴ֫նϣżѣһĻٴηڶ㳡ֻǱնϸ첲ȴɻۡ
ף
ƻŭȻһĿɨȥǿʥȥ
һ֣˻ƻɢʥǺЦʦôˣ
ƻ꣬Ҫң
ѽʦֵһôֹأȷҪ׺ͻ۵ս𣿡
ƻɫɭȻݺݵض꿴һۣ󿴵۵һֻҲ壬ʱüֲ
ɱۣ˭ҲȲƻԥƬ̣ջȥ
ЦЦ
ʱĶ㳡սѾӽβ
ۣ
ǬԽԽڽڰ׹ǽĥŭҲʳɷ顣
ڻۣ֫ϣѪһء
һһŷϴ֣ұ㳢һϵ֫ζʮʥҲüġ
һɱĻۣȻһЦ뱨𣬿ʱң
ɫٿȻһ޾ؾΧһѪɫâʧ
ֱʱֳŵӲŻع񣬼жڲزסľȺͲš
ַĽۻˣ
սôѸ٣һʱδһλ벽Ԫ۷ǿ߱С
˵ս˽׵˵ϡ棬ЩͨӶǷǳ𺳵ġ
Ȼ֪̫ɽ֮ս죬ʼԴǶһ콾ΪۼΪʵд󲿷˲ûмսĳ档
죬ŵӶʶװһ档
ۺǿһ䱻ϵ֫˿Ͳ
һΣνǴ˻մһƣӴλ̫ϳϳ֮ưոݣ
ַ̫ˣǽ̫ɽһչ۷콾жԵ̾
УǾ޴ս뿪Ҳ׷ȥ
ʱ󣬴ս𽣶졣
׵ڴﵽ۷壬ֱӵ䵽ȵףѾûж˴λʥӡ
ֹһʱ淨ּ𽣷棬ʥݣ״档
֮ŵӴ󶼺ƽûие˿⡣
׵ʥԭӦõģִƽ𽣶죬ؽԽĻԻ͡

ɶ񣡡
ž
һӱƻӳȥɫ֪״˻۳Ϊʥ֮ЩƲסԼϢ
ӴޱȵʥƵ塣
ɫ԰׵ش֫ķ˴ɫ֮ԽĮ
Ҫȥˡ۵˵

Цмؿߵ档
ɫһ䣬۾һû˵ĬȻ߳ȥתɲǣ˫йһŵɱ⡣
ƻŻ۵ıӰأЦ
СվС֣ҪԸף޷ָ㡣
һСڡ
ƻվһģĹӰǰ̬ף״˻ۣΪɵʥӡ
š
մͳ˳ȥ
׺ʱأһԽˣѹܴ󡣡ƻ̾ϢһЩƣ
ٶʮ꣬ҽΪʥʱһΪƽ̡һ˿ʥȥѹûƻ
лס
ȥɣ
ƻ뿪ǹӰһӱøɣɼһ޴ķڻմ
ԪѾݽˣͳν𽣶ӽҪϷɡ

ҹ̫ɽһƬֵľ
У̫ɽеľӣԼӳһ¡
Ҳӱչ߳μⳡʢ硣
ӣ
һλ𾯽ʿɫ΢΢ЩŹ֣˵
ţ˭
ӡɽ

׶ʱһüͷ


388 ҹҵˣ
׶ӡһĻŮӡ
Īīйһζݵ飬ֻĪīһдܣ뿪˶Է
ŮϣФ浵Ӱӡ
Ф浱һˡ
ǿͣȻ˱ɡ΢΢Ƭ̣ͷҲ֪Ŀġ
ʱһλˮӣ֮Ů΢Ц
ɫݣֹţһ˫ˮ۾Ҫγˮü۽Ƕ⣬粨ƵĿס
ϣһλŮŶѩС󣬿ŵؽһȡЦŮҹʲô𣿡
˺ܶ࣬󲿷ֶˣôţ˿˷С
ؿףһ΢ЦҹãΪʦףġ
ɡ΢΢һЦ
΢΢һЦ͵ĵƹϣԵԽġ
ǳЦһҡͷ΢΢ҧ촽ʦ嵥˵仰֪𣿡
Ǻǣﶼҵֵܽãûʲôñӵģʲôֱ˵ɡЦ
ȻһЦʹͷһ˿⣬̧ͷףޣʦ壬Ů𣿡
ۣ
ѩһھſڹֽеϣǾҹʦס
ۡٴɫĿⲻơ
Ƕ¶꣬һ˫۾ῴˣŮԸΪĿĲֶΣ˷Ȼ̫ɽױףб顣
ϻЦݣǾҪˡ
ǺǣֶŮ˵Цˡ΢΢һЦ
ףĿܼᶨ˵ʦ壬ûпЦԸ⵱㱳Ůˣ³ɲҲԸһź㡣
ɫһɫĪҪЦ֪̫ɽ֮ʲô˶ԳԵ٩ġ
ҲûпЦʵϲʦ壬ҵɼ壬״
ЦҪ˵ˣҿʦֵϲΪ㣬ȥɡ

һЦɫܽƯôҺ𣿡
ž
һֻƱˤԣѩСģ˵һʦĸĻСүϧ񡣡
ĻҲϣڶ飬ͬҲϧ񡣡üͷ
ʦ壬İģһչĻɣһһҳ㡣
ߣǳģҼ
üͷһ壬˵¶ЦݣĿҲһӱࡣ
һĻжʱһϲ
һöʹȫ롣
ҸˣһӰڴſڣɫ߽
δСѾͷԽƯһͷڷ磬һϮɫĳ粻ʳ˼̻Ƶġ
λȴŭˣĿ¶֮ɫߵǰ
Ǻǣԭûˡɫѿǿк
ߵʦ㣬Ҫҵ𣿡
ɫ粻ȻƯɲ಻Сǰžף˫һ˿ʺԹ
ãҿûˣǲǻûн˵ʦôˣ׷ҲȻġ
Цʦ㣬׷ִ磬ʱ𣿡
ɫһ䣬Ŀһ˿Թ֮ɫ
Ϊ𽣶Сû˵ЦִǺ㣬ֵúܶŮȥ׷󣬵׷ŮӦҲŶô治Ŷ
ʦĸ˵úãǶ̵洫ѩƴ
һЦȭá
ߣ
ѩһһ͵ļңһת뿪һǱӰ
̫ɽкܶŶҪһϵǻӭ档ѩƳɤӺ

һƬЦ
ߺ׾ֱ߹ȥס֣΢Цԣȥˡ
İʦǲġѩƴС
ž
һƣѩƴһģЦûûСҵЦҲҿ

㣬̫ɽɽһƬ֮Ļ侺࿪ţʤա
ִ磬һܶˡ׻ĵ
΢΢һЦԾ§еСѾͷЦʵûң
ȻŶҲΣءͷ˫ֻ׵ЦĻá
ǾͶ౧һɡ
ãֿ
ЦŴӴָóһСɵ˫һ־ŵʥϢ


389 
ߴСķɽɢɫâԵú͡
񽣣ƷʥҾúʺ㾡ɡ
š
Ҳһ񽣡
ŷʦֶȥĻʳʲô𣿡΢΢һЦʵ
һӴ׻ѳѽһӣСӻڽ𽣷ء
ƣĻʳλĻӣǵһλ΢΢һ
λʮӡޱĻߣĳɾͲ
ţȥĻʳΪ˸棬ƺš
׸ɻˣСѾͷ§ڻЦеʲôϵ
ƺλӶͦȤģȥ𽣷һˡһЦ
飬߰ɣҲһʱˡ
š
˳Ƽ̫ɽ𽣷档
һ·ӣ׺󶼹ͣһ
ʦ塣
ʦ档
ˡ
۵һսߣٲ֮⣬󲿷ֵӶѾóϷ
š
׳裬òмӣÿһʺĵӶͷʾ⡣
һٶ𽣷ʱѾֹȥ˰ʱ
ڣֻˡ
ŷϴ͹ƹһԣһ𵶵ƽϯϡ
ʦ֡׹
ЦЦʦ
ʦ壡
ŷϴ͹Ҳ׷ŷϴ˫һ˿м͸ж
Ϊ۷ϵһ£Ѵɸŷϴô侲ˣҲжĽҪᡣ
ʦܣҹ𽣷棬ʵڱǸ΢΢һЦ˵
ʦ˵ﻰ
ЦЦ˵ҹʵһҪ鷳㣬ҪＸ֮á
һڶĹƿһۣд²³Ǻ£ͷʵʦ˵
˵㻤һʱ䡣
ţ
ƣԼ˵ɡĿ⿴ɫƽĹơ
ʮ겻λӾȻʵΪﵽڰز˵޷ȣٶҲš
ô¡
ߣ΢ǵĻ֮ٶҪԶһʿ
ȨѾΪʿˡ
Ҳ޷ֻҪû;䣬ƾߵĸΪʥ
ʦ壡
վдһݡ
Ǻǣؿʲôֱ˵ɣ΢Ц
̬Ͽңʦ壬ѾӦػָҵĻݡ
ϲ
΢΢һЦҰ֮ҲʦܱҰ꣬ҰȫĻص
΢΢һüͷʵ̨գ֮㷵ôҪұ
ƵȻһЦ۾˵ʦ壬Ӳǫ̂ķȥ;˳ȥݷüλ塣
ЦЦȻ
Ҫư
ԭǱĻӣȻָݣȻȻص̫С
һ·߻;ȥݷøλôľٶͬˮģ𺳡
Ҳǹϣġ
ùȥ̫֮λôȾҪ˿ʵǷʸȥô
סСǰȥ·;ֹһЩСȻǫ̂;򣬾ͻͣա
ԴĽðʱؾѾǺܽʡʱˡ
ǱȻ˲ϣƻһ·ؽѪսΣյ˼㡣
ʦ壬ܰһΣΪĻؽʮƿףĿᶨ
װϣ΢΢üͷ
ʦܣξȨΪһ棬ְһΰɡҲЦ˵
Цˣ˵ʦˣȻʦֶô˵ˣԵȫԸҪҰµʱ䡣
ǺǣʦܸոϢҲӦõġһˡ
䲻֪׵ĵƣ֪һͨʥϮҲδ׵Ķ֡
һϱʵ̫ˣ

Ӧ֮λǵĻִҪдлЦŸˡ
£ױѾͷڵˣ߱ÿһ羰ĵط
ʮ
ͻȻһ纣ǿ궼սϢɲǼţӳȥ
ã
ã
ɲǼ䣬𽣶ɫ䡣


390 Ŷ
֮ǧأʥ棬ع档𽣶췽Բʮڣһ޼
һϢ崫̶𽣶죬Ӱ
ǲɣӵһ̾Ϣ̲סҪ
סԼ˵ɫˣüѿ
˭û뵽մȻʱͻˣԸϵʥ
ղһǻմ巢ġ
ǺƺƵϢϯһУκɱ֮Ȼȴ͸һϢѹ
Ѿعȫ¶֮ɫǻƻɫϲһ˿Ц
ѾΪʥڻ˭ԼΪУ
͡ףǵĩյˡ

𽣶մʥԼٶ򴫿
ʼԴǣ龳ʿԣһʥǿսˣвѾʥ
ʵɶ㤡
ʥ𽣶ҲѸٵĴһɽΪһţѾڽڽˡ
һϲҳ͡׵ɫͬʱҫһЩѾ泯ݡ
ͬʱмλ̫ϳϳأЦǰ档
λ׽մ̫ϳǰʱշ綼λҲȥ˽𽣷档
ޱƽϯλϣſһ˿ӴѹɫϾ
ʹ棬ԻմпܽʥҪʮ֮
ʮʱ䣬úһУ¶ԷΪʥҲ޷
ȻմôԸףĲȫûˣھʵǰκμı۵ġ
䣡
ʱһɵķڿգӵǧմ°׷ϥУ
һʥ߶еϢѹӵٷ֮ʮĵѾϵĹ巽ߵס
߰ɣȥһմʦְɡշ̾Ϣһλ˵
ʵû뵽ĿһˣԪֶ˽ꡣһλ߱¶һ˿ǳ
΢üͷһֿ̾Цݣλʦȥմʦɡ
߰ɣȥһ
һȺʥߴӽ𽣷ɳҲ塣
һڿд󣬼еڶӡ̫֮ϳ϶ȥˣȥףػմϵʥ

̫ɽ
׺ͰɽۣǴʥŴ󻺻תҲ޷ֵһĨ˾㤵ѹ
ֻʥһܻ̫ɽдʥҲá
վɽۣȫĬȻ
ʦܣһĬãŵ
׵ͷ̫ɽȻǿ׳һʥĲǰҲǶ֡
ʦ֣š
΢΢Ƭ̣ǹݸ
һʦǣ
۾âһţƽ˵մѹˣΪ鲻Ϊȫ
ã
¶ЦݣȻлһʥ֣޺
߰ɣҲȥذɣȥƻ»΢΢һЦ˿֮ɫ
֮ʣȫ̫ɽɽͬʱĲȨõƿء
ӰϾһʥؼʱӴķӳɽʮɵ
ڡ
ۡٴɫء
֣Ѿˣ̫ɽٴЦЦ
ҲһЦ˵ðȥҵʱѾ¶ģֻΪ̫һţػӵѪսһ̡
Ǻǣɱ
ֻƱײһ

ӡɽһףʦʥףʦٲࡣ
Ƿһǰףء
ţɽһףʦʥףʦʮꡣ

֮׷ǰݣǸľӣȫУƺƴ
͹ףʦ
һƽȵʹշ˻ɫƽ˿֮ɫ
ţ
ɸߵķֻ΢΢һͷǻӦˡ
̫һףǰףأ
ʱĿ⣬ǵģֻ¶֮ɫ
Ǿ޴ķӸµؿʦֵܣһ㣬Įɲ⡣
鶼ŵĵӣ˸̫֮ϳ֮⣬ӻȻŲ
ʦΪʥǧϲ£͵Ѹ£øǰ
΢΢һЦһΣҲɴСͦվһԣմңңԡ
ƽ𣬳˽֮⣬ӲκˣǹΪʥĻմ
ֶˡһӻմȥҫܣ΢΢һ̧һۡ
䣡
һ޿ƥеľƵײͷɫ䣬ǿѹһѪ


391 ʥΣ
Ǻǣֶ겻ǧѾﵽ벽ʥ磬ǿϲɺذմȻһЦָ
ͨתɲǼָֻǵһЦʦȣֶ΢ĩʲô
մ΢΢һЦǾ޴ķ໺ʧһϵӰǰ
͵Ҳطָ̬࣬
ʦ
ʦ֡
̫ϳϣ
մ߳ǧͬʱ
ԭմ̫ϳʸϵģڳΪʥ˱㶼һʦ֡
մվŻƻͻֵˡ
Ƕʹͷಽں棬û˵
ԭѾڼԶĵطȻ֪һɺƵϢŷ򴫳ɫʱϲϳ̨˻
ֵȻͷ˫ڶſϲͼ֮ɫ
𽣶죬ҪǻƼҵˡ

մȫϢԶڵϵһȺˣ¶һ˿ƵЦݣɫˣ˰ɡ
ǣ
ж뿪ֻʣ¸֮λ̫ϳϡ
վɽµȺˣ˵ɵĸ߲㣬˽û֮⣬˶ˡ
մĿǰնϡ
װɣʦܵͽܣմºͣƵĳʻһ㡣
ǵģʦ
մͷһЦ¶һ˿֮ɫ濡ţ֮
ʦˡ
մ΢ЦйڣС֮żìܲʲôµǸ¾ˡ
䣬һȺɫȻˡ
ƻͻҲ̧ͷЦЦؿף¶֮ɫ
ŽΣ
ûдɵŽʥǰͬƵġ
׵ȻһЦ鲢ʲô仯ʦĪҪȤСֶˡ
մЦҲ޴Ȥ㣬ֻΪ˻̫һһᣬڸ֮ڣĵǸϷ֤ӽ֮ƻعأˡ
ǺǣСֶֻ˵һǸˣ֮һ졢أĸʦΨǲ˵ġ
ţ
մʱһüͷ
һɵѹʵƵס
ˢ
ɫȻصǰסһ
մһƽİͷһЦͷСѾ̳˰ʦܵ²ܲ
лʦعأػص
մҡͷȻǰʦܸҲҵĶ֣ҪϷ𣿡
ƽ˵ҶʦֻʦҪδ̫һʵ޷Ӧ
ɫҲʦʦʦֻ֮ЩѣʦʦܵǸԣǲЩ̫ˣ
ƻЦЩ᣿ǰҵĶӣǰֽ׵֫ϣҲЩ᣿ѵΪǻϿ𣿡
ͺշɫһ䡣
մǰҪӣȻɶ֪̫һƽһߵúܽ
մ˾ٿΪӳʵǳûѹ͡
ڵλ磬õӰմıƽ֮λҵһͻƿڡ
̫ɽǻմͻƿڡ
մЦЦĿͺ룬ЦʦֶҪŭʦֶǸҲΪã˷â̫ʢԺķչкܴϰ
ЦʦֶлʦģҹǸˡʦֶΪˡ
մ΢Цִأ
˵ʦֶҲԼ뷨
ɫüĮȻŻմӼۣɫˣǾͲŻʦϢˣʦܣȥ𽣷һˡ
ƽʦ֮
մҡͷһ̾˵λʦֶǴⲻϷˡ
ʦ֣ҪԹְɣ
շɫõվüͷһ֮ƻ¹ǳ̫һҪһô
кβãմЦ
䣡
һԲȻǹصĴɢɫ⣬С
â꣬صϢȥ
һ˿Υ׹⣬ߵ̫һӲˣʥҲС
ˡ
ǹƺ֪մĿֲȻһ뵵Ĺ͵Ҳڡ
ɫƽЦʦҪУǵΪô
ǹ󣬻մɫһα
ĹųڵĽʥҲЩ
ĹųںµĽôʦֶԸ⽫Ϸ̫꣬һᣬʹ˰ݡ
Ǿһսɣ
ɫĮȻŻմ˿壺ʥΣģӺܾûˣҪ˵໰
󵨣

ƻͻ۶ʱŭȵ


392 
ˡ
ǹΪʮɣɢɫ⣬꣬ס׵ˡ
մɫĿ£ǿֲѹɢʱһƬƬա
󹭵ס˻մѹޱ޾ľӿ˹۵ǹϡ
һ仰꣬ͺշ˶סˡ
⻹Ǹıôô˷еоС̫ˡ
ʦֶҪŭ𣿡
մǰܻӿʥѹݻµ硣
ǹ˼ﻹڽ𽣶죬մƾѹܽԲǧڻ硣
ʦܣôʦ˵ϿǸͼæԲõغȵ
ɫƽȻǸëǸʦ֣ˡΪ
һԲֻǲűǹ׼ʱմһս
Ȼһս׶༪٣
ܺãĺܺáմŭЦ˫һ֮ɫӴɣ
̫ɽĿ𳤣ϷվʹʦܷΪʦš
ƻͻЦǸ׼ȻҪ֣׻ôֵȻһλʥĶ֡
ɫһ䣬ɫ粻ʦûȨϳһλΪҲûȨʦܡ
ͣҲҪϷ𣿡մؿ
ɫϾĮȻʦҲֻôΪƽ̱Ҫֹ
շҲüͷǲõʦִ֣ϣˡ
ҪҷˣǵĴڣѾӰ쵽ŵˣŵĽչ
մһ̾Ϣͬʱ󻺻һǧɣγһƬ꣬޾ɱ֮
䣡
嶼ڲȫɫ䡣
ǶӸɫҰףԼ³Ҫʲôˡ
̫һƽһ岻ͣջմΪʥѵλ̫ϳҪֲɣ
һսĴԪ֪Ҫ˶پ֣ʥҲ伸
ɫϣȵʦҪҪ֪䣬滹ڣ
մһЦ޿ֵǧѰѣϷɺˣɡ
ǺǣƵѹȻˬ죬ȻҪٹɣϷһ֮ɡ
䣡
һۻϢͬޱȵǿȻմҪǿһЩ
һģӰУ󽥽
һİСߣֲȺ˿κεע⡣
͸¶һ˿ϢܽƬձһ˫ɫȭף¶Цݡ
ǡǧѰ㻹û
˳֣շɫʱ䣬һŵľ
ͬ͡ʱɫ䣬һٴһ㣬ǵµӰ
ǧѰǧǰһλǿߣ½̵ʥӣսֲ
ֻѾһǧûдϢˣ˶Ϊû뵽ȻûѾΪһʥ
մ
䣡
ɫ࣬һ¶ŭ֮ɫҪʲô췴𣿡
մĮؿǣȻͣ쵼ô꣬ɲûȡ̫ĽչϷΪ㲻ٳΪƽ̡
Ϸ㲦ҷΪ𽣶ƽ̣ͬʱ½̽ɹͬ˵սԻ飬ͬư򡣡
ɫĮȻȻǧѰĳɫһݣû¶֮ɫ
һʥҲãʥҲգǶǶ֣սѣΨѡ
շ¶ޱʧ֮ɫʦְѵҪķְɣһлü
ϷһжΪɣͲٳΪƽ̣ó𽣷棬Ϸǻ뿪
մЦ˫ضˣ֮⣬ǶߣҲΪǡ
䣡
һǿϢͷų̾ϢһĿޱȷȵȻˣһս
һսƾʲô
ƻЦһָűǹƾҲ赲ʥ𣿡
ƽ˵ȻҪսܹҪһԵġ
򲻿Ʋɡմޱ˵ҲΪһս׻ٵ𽣶졣
ʥȫһԴС
ã
ã
͡շ硢˶ͷĿ⿴մʱѾɱڡ
ҵ߸ߣɱ

䣡
Ӱ⣬ԭԸȥǹ֮⣬޷ݡ
ҪսʤմǧѰΨһĿԡ
Ȼ˶֪ӵҪսʤʥҲǼã顣
㣡
ǧѰЦ¡¡ţһʧ


393 ս
𽣶ǧ֮⣬һƬɫɽȺɽصۣſգεΪ׳ۡ
ܾɫؾΪŨһ̫ڿУϸŷǲɼ̫Źɵġ
ɽۣ֮Ӱվš
ӢһϮ£˫֣Ŀ䣬Ǵһ˿Ц⡣
վ󣬼ץ
ǰһɴľޱȵʾ𽣶һ
ϰ֣ǿ϶ǻմ˵ĶְҪȡ
Ӣֻ΢΢һЦ
ιιιϰ֣òԹ۰ɣ񿴵Լ飬ɴʧɫ
𽣶޹أû˼ô࣬õֵܣȥ
ĹҲ֮ķⲻʣºҺڶûжʱʺϳ档
һʵҲˣô£
ڵĵ̣ѾԳ֮ΪĹˡӢ΢΢һЦĿһƬǳɲ⡣
ʱһǵﵽزˣ
šӢ΢΢һЦͷںأ̿ۺ񡣡
Ҳ̾ϢһڵԽĻˡ
ǧѰֱӵȥƽͺ˵⣬Ȼ½̸߲һͬġ
ϰ֣ܴùմ𣿡ѾʧƺѾ⡣
ӢҡͷһЦ˵һսؼﻹûг֡
˵
š
Ӣ۾һЦҲ֪ﵽʲôˣǰǼҶ˽ⶼ٣ʵ˶С˴ˡ
ʵ츳ʦֲԸΪʦɱ˵ĽˡС
ǶأǺǣϾҪʥֲ̫ˡ
У𽣶ҪջˣסӢصһЦģ

ǿ¡
һȺ˽ٵһŻǣױǹɫ֣ʱΡ
䣡
մǧѰҲˣʥһǰһǰΧÿһ϶ɱ
ʦܣ˶ԸմʦʦñǹԸǧѰ
۾һУ
շʱ¶֮ɫƾ˶ԸմҲȥæɡ
ãǧѰΪֲմսʥҺͰʦֻսʤ
䣡
飡
ͺͰһۣӰһɱմ
ݣ
׼û˿ԥǹʱɰɴ޾ͨĹɣȫкȥ
һ޴ļʸƿնȥųβͣ˺һƬգǧѰȥ
ãƾЩ޷ģ
Ǿ޴ļʸһƬ¡¡ǶڲϯǧѰ
飡
ǧѰ¶Ц͵һȭһײʸϡ
䣡
һȭɱᴩţǧǾ޴ѹѹޱգʸֵס
ۣ
ǹڣһȺȫɫ䣬Ѫ
ɫⱣǾ޴ķȻ͸շվǰ棬˴󲿷
ɫʱԵޱȲϣһӾͱˡ
ʦ
ס꼸˾
޷ЩС˻£շ֣һؾ塣
ǧѰЦɫ裬Ȼɱϯǡ
Ͼϣ·
䣡
ǧѰһȭᴩգһӡѹ
ݣ
һʸסǧѰıɱ֮ȭ
ŶЩ˼ƾǵʵܷأǧѰɱһȭһȭ
սƬɽ촷ۣһ׵Ĺֳ֣ɲǼͿʼ֧顣
ս
׵˲ȻѹŴ򣬵ʼջշϾǰ벽ʥʵС
ͬʱ
Ҳ˸սʥĻմ
ոս֣˱ˡ
һѤõĽ⽫ջһĺۼֱ˾޴Ĺǣ

侲ĳּ̧֣ǧ񽣡
һǧﳤǬѹմ
ͣǰʩչ㻹̫ˣ
մЦӦſһȻһƬ﷽Բ󽣺գɭɱб¡
ն
һ˿ѪһɫУźݺݵĻӳһɽס󽣺
ͬɽ֮ȻѾ¡
ǧɽ£һɵĽɽ͵ĽضҪ̴


394 
䣡
󽣺ϮɲǼûɵĽɽ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һǿ˫ɫâͷɵ꣬ӭƬ󽣺
ͷɵڽŭ𣬵žͱǧ飬ͬɵĽɽҲ޷ֵմһ
շըϳһԲľ޿ӣףӿҽ
һζײֱӴǵĵģ޾ĵĻ֮ڶһƬ𺣡
մЦɱǿϢȫס
ݡ
һײͨ
ͺͰҲʼƴȼѪմսһ
ʱ˱㶼ˣ弸ѡ
ǵڲʥһʥսµѹϯʮ
ˢ
һ϶նȥֻ೤ȴ̺ȫľ
ȫһ

մЦֱʩչʥıݣס͵һ
ۣ
ȰϮһһھ޽ײؿϡ
ǰ벽ʥ磬һҲҪ
Ѫȫڱըÿһαըڵĵ滯һƬ촷ۡ
𣡡
¶֮ɫһŭϯʮ
һͷɵڻմǰ
ָϷǰҲУ
մмһЦһҲɴһ̤УƬնڱ顣
Ѹٴսһܲݺձѳһ޴ĺۼ
䣡
հɳȥıܵشɵҡҡ׹Ϣ
𣡡
һԼǧɵĻڻմ󣬺ݺݵײ
𣡡
մתһȭ顣
ֳִʥһ񱩵ϯȥСɲǼ顣
飡
մȭͷ׼ȷޱȵĻڴʥϣɫȻһѺۡ
䣡
ʥȫչ뵽ڣսմ
ͬʱһҩٴɱ
תսѾսǿ֮ϣʯڻСڱ
ǿµϯǧ
ۣ
ͺͰɳȥȫѪ߰ߣһŰһ˿ͽԶһž޴ʯƬ
Ϊʥվϣҿǻ֧ŶãմЦɱϯ죬Ц
Ŀ¶⣬Ҫɱˡ
ˢ
Ȼʱ
һ·һƬѤõĹ꣬մ

մŭ𣬵޼£ǽӰΣ̺ǧͨҽǣ˷ʤ
ۣ
մֱӱն飬һ˿ӳȥʮ֮塣
ȥףͽԸ
һλ׷ԲԵߣǿУһϵߣɢһ˿Ϣ
մɫһӾͱˣþ
ʦ棡
մ¶Ŷߣһ¶֮ɫ
棡
ͺͰϲغ
վǿ£һǺƣϸȥȴޱĽ۵ģʵֲ
ȥף
ǣ
ͺͰûԥ˲ƹȥ
ǿϣֻнͻմˡ
ʦ棬ˣŵ䣬մЩ𣬸Ц
ǵĿⶢɳƵ𣺡մ̫ʧˣ½̶ʲôô𣿡
մŬԼƽһǿһӿ˹ȫ뵽ڡ
΢΢һЦ˵ʦ棬ֻڲҷûʲô
ȥɱǧѰҵûзһƼΪŵ䡣
մؿŽһЦʦ棬Ԫ˰ɡ
ǵġ
ƽصͷ
մ¶Цݣ̾ʦֺαسأδҵĶˡ
ħִⲻԸڸˣ
մͷһЦȵҺδ֮Уңһɵ
䣡
ǧգǿµѹƺƵȥǧʯ
ʧؿǵĿ⽥һɽӰϢֳ
ȻִԲұɣ
֮򣡡
䣬һڷԲڣÿһϢϢͨһ
մʱʧɫǳХǿµսľ
ɲɵУ
ʥĵ·Ѿ˺ԶմԶԶĶ֡
֣ң
մһ棬ǧѰȡ
ʱһǳЯ֮Ѿɱ


395 ŵ
ۣ
ǹһֻ޴ķɣƷ·ѾԳһ磬ԼԿһ޴ħڵ
һƻ죬ͨ
ǹڣ׵ȫڳѪշܴأһҪˡ
ǧѰʥȻմҪֲ׵бǹΪ̣ҲȻǶ֡

һ𣬴շλá
ݣ
˺һ޴ļʸƿնȥ͸һſʯǧѰ

ǧѰЦһȭƺƵ׽ʸ顣
䣡
һȭѪɢ׵˷·ڳȵҽ֮УҪˡ
ۣ
һӾˣֻʣһ˿黹û䡣
״ʧɫæ껤ͬʱóһֵɹĹҩ
ʦ֣ʳ
ǿ壬ֻҡͷ˷ˣǲ϶Ķ֣Լ뿪ǵסƬ̡
շҲĵͷ˵׶űǹ뿪Ϊȡʱ䡣
ߣ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
ǧѰЦҪ־ɱǣȻɫһ䣬оһǿϢԶ

桭
ϢҲշ˸֪ˣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ţӰҵϮɱ
飡
ǧѰ嵹ɳȥǧɣһִĽ⼸ضϣ޴ĹǴǧɱ֮֮֡
䣡
һ˹ǣɫ࣬ɱϯһȺϣѰ·
ʦ֣ñǹɱ
׼æ
ã
ͺͰҲǹڣˣǹȻǿܶࡣ
ݣ
һʸƿնȥǴ͸ǣһȺսǿϡ
ǧѰʥʵǿ֮һȭݻ죬ÿÿܴ
飡
һȭ֣ݺݵײ
ۣ
ͬڣһȺ˲ѣ󹭶ʱ˵죬ɫǣסǵ
ս
ŭһִľϮ޾ؾû˱ǹ
ߣ
ǧѰʱ䣬Ϊ֪մȻǽĶ֣ҪӽʱʹˣܺԸϹ
ȣ
һȣڵľһա
һȭ
һ־޴¸ǿУɢΰֱѹ
ȭѹ죡
¼ֲѹģСըɱѾȫ
׵˶ʱ¶Ц֮ɫ
һǵֵס
ˢ
ȻʱһѤõĽĳ֣һǺƵģסһ
ǺӲãһֱնƬ
䣡
һµӰǿУ֮ͬɢһʥ߶Ϣѹ
ʲô
ǡ
ǧѰͬ͵˶ɫ䡣
Ǹʦ֣ʦ־Ȼţ
շһ̶¶ޱȼ֮ɫϵ¶һ˿ĳ죬۵һһھѪ
ͺˣȫϲ
һΰˣڷ٣˵Ϣȥʵ񽣣һ²ɵĸо
£
շһȺ̫ϳϵĴʦ֣ǧǰ֮ӣǧѰͬ
㣬£
ǧѰ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫȻ˺ɣ׳һ󣬽Լ
ң
¿ǧѰɫ䣺ҶԽ𽣶֣ն㡣
ߣȻѹһͷڶѾΪʥδҵĶ֡ǧѰЦ
Ը䵭ͷ˵ǾˣһնǧѰ
ǣ
շЦŵͷ
ǧѰʱһɲͷ
һ¾ôѲˣټ͵͵ϮĲǶ֡
ε߸𽣶ļƻʧˡ
˭Ҳϵ𽣶ĵ̾Ȼôǿ˽֮⣬һλŵʥ
䣡
ûзϻһ˿ռ䣬ֹǧѰܣҵɱȥ
ʥ֮սޱȣ·Ƭǿնȼգǳ
Ƭ̺
׵˻ָȫ¶֮ɫ
ݡ
һ޴ļʸȥסǧѰ
ԭЩʸܽǧѰ˵ԸµĹϾ
ۣ
һʸұۣһѪ쭳Įɱһ顣
սԽңµľ粻ǧѰһ׵һЭ
ģǧѰ¶̬֮
䣡
һ¸գ㱻ʮʸ䴩
ʱǧѰסһɽ֮УȫѪ߰ߣ䣡


396 ʤ
ۣ
մɫҰףһ೤ĽضϣǽֽʮСǳ顣
εѣһھһ޴Ľǧʱס˽ľɱ
𣡡
һľ纣ХƵӿ壬µؿһ˽
ţϸϢԽŨƺûмԪˡ
Ȼôһнľ壬ɴûմûл֮ǿС
ȻǿմһĿ⸴ӡ
壬ͷףһþãܹҪһġ
ɱң
մ¶֮ɫЦǲǧѰĶ֣һɡ
ȻһЦմΪǽ𽣶꣬ûе𣿡
մ΢΢һʵʲô˼
䣡
һɿµϢԶɫʱ䣬ŵؼеǸ¡
С¶
ɫƽȻС¶ѳΪʥǧѰǶ֡
մŰ׷ԲԵĽһ˿֮ɫ
ŵλ䣬һֱΪȻΪֻҪԼΪʥͿѹ
ֱףκ˶Ҫ£Ĳ֣ıƿֲ
Ϊţ¾Ȼʧǧ꣬һΪһʥ
̫ϳ϶ǽǧǰµĺ֡
ô˸֮⣬Żʲô
մɫ֣翴ƵĿŽһĴУĳǸ
þãĻȻҲ˵㡣ŻմӰһһС
ۣ
ֻҵһ֣һѣǿµĳϯǿգ֪жǳ
մεѣһǧ֮⣬֮档
ɫĮȻгһľľƺʥǣκǿϢ
һ֣ǿǧ˲𣬶һǺڼƽˮǿա
ɱҵģҲʥ𣡡
ž
ľڻմϣ飬ɢĲһſǳ

մٴ壬һǰһǿг۳ңƾմʹͨҲ޷ѽ
ˢ
һմʱѡ
Ȼâһµسǧ֮⡣
㵱Ҫݣմһһǳľ۶ȫա
Ȼֳľ
䣡
մƤֱɫüſһԼѪ⸡֡
ǿһҡΣɫü԰ס
ͷѪɵĽ󣬿Զݵ赲Ƭ̣ķΪ
ߣ
մɫɭȻؿűƽĽ˦һ̨ﳤȥ
ͣ
һִĽᴩ˲񷣬һӽǷԲǧĽƻͬʱâմӻ顣
̨ҲѾմŲȥ

մȥεҡͷʥ֣򵥶Եɱ˶Է
һʥǲôһ˲佫֮Ԫ𣬷ֻһ˿飬Ҳ˲临
תͷܵԶǿµĲü¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˢ
ɿݵһеľХȥ

ۣ
һļʸ͸ǧѰ塣
ȫѪ߰ߣгɬ
ԴӽΪʥ֮ʱôǱοǱһȺϸ˵ˣ
¶һ˿֮ɫԽңÿһͨ󿪴ϣȫûзء
սķΧҲܹ㣬գ۾תս֪˶ǳ˶˾סǡ
Ƭϵ󣬾ʼԴҲ·׺һƬϵкۡ
ˢ
ǧѰջعȻһ͸һɱɱֱ
ۣ
ǧѰȫѣŵøεѣæ˲ǧ޸塣
ȻǽԴԴɫĽݺʮأٴɱ
ͬʱ
ҲĮɱ͡ǲűǹҲһ

ǧѰ𣺡̫Ϸƴˣ
䣡
ҷ裬Ȼһȭһ磬еĹס
ȭ죡𣡡
һȭǧѰɫԽĿή׳һ鴫̨뿪
ͣ
һĽϢϮͬԼ̨һ顣
Įسǿ£һԲɿݵһӣǧǧѰ֡
飡
ǿлţǧѰҲҴ⣬ƴȼѪнǾ޴ĹâȥһƬǿյ˲ǳ
Ųһģգ۾ʧ


397 Զ
Ҫ׷ˣʱ½ȫ濪սҲֹһλʥֹ֣ˡ
ǣ棡
ʦ棡
Ҳ
΢΢һЦݵ׸ֳһ˿ѵõĿ֮ɫ΢ЦɰɣǴʤ
ǰʤ
˴Цԭһý𽣶Ԫ˵Ĵ¼·ת˭û뵽ʤ
µĳ֣׸ıս֣

ⳡĿĴսûסˣͽմ½ʥǧѰһս˲ʹʼԴǡ
һս¶𽣶µĵ̡
ȴ͸սʥĻմ֮⣬вɣȻһλʥ
£
λ֮ӡ
Ȼ޹ʧ٣ö֮˶Ϊǿɱȫû뵽Ϊ𽣶һӰӣһڹؼʱѹһеĵ̡
ۣ
һԽ͸µʵڼʮ֮ڽ𽣶ˮͰһ㡣
ʥ˾̾Сɵʵ
зʱ򣬽׵һȺˣѾɡ
մĻ̥ͼ췴ƼΪū֮ڲܰūݡ
ϵͬʱշȼλ̫ϳ֣ס˻ۺͻƻ
ͬʱԳ֣ӡֵΪ͵һ󣬳䵱ڿˡ
˻ֵ֮⣬ҫϹѪа˱һꡣ

һªڡ
ϥϾɵĴϣ׵վһԣɫ
ɣªң䷿ӻǵʦΪҴģܾпŶѵһЦ

˴Ц¡
ź̴ʱƣݵ¶һ˿Цݣ˵һսҪ硣
ԭΪմҪʮ֮ܽʥû뵽⺢츳ҵԤˡ
շ΢ЦŹάҺʦ㣬ǻ治ǻմǧѰĶ֡
˵ţֳȥǺЦʦصĿ湻Ҳƭȥˡ
ɫϲЦҲֻһͷŵһؼʱ򣬲ֵġ
ʦЩҲˡշ̾
Į¶һ˿º͵Ц⣬˵С磬ЩòҶ
ܵõʦһ佱治װշЦ
µһЦϵĿ׺ͣϵ֮ɫŨͷˣ᳤ʢ˥
ʦˡ
΢΢һЦû˵
ЦС¶ۺ׼ȷҺʮǰסˣ򽫻᷸һֲĴ󡣡
һ
շʵʦ˼ǣ
̧ͷУĿޱȣ·Զһּ䲻ʵĸо
ǺǣҲûʲôֻԪˣ׶赭д˵
ȣ
ȣ
һȺ˴ʧɫȵͨ죬ȫ¶һֻζЦݡ
ɫʱһڣҲһ˿֮ɫ
ͷݣ
Լº޻֮ȻҲûл֮
뵽׵ɫѿˣ棬Ѿͷ˰ɣ
ЦЦأ
Ҳʹͷˣôܸɣ츳Ϊǿߵģδ𽣶컹Ҫ쵼ء
겻һЦϣΪ˱ˣʦܣƤǺҶֱѽ
ʦ֣˵أ֡׳

һȺ˴ЦʱĽȻףΪ˭ףֻҪ˳꣬ΪڶӢ۵ġ
һһλǿɣ𽣶
ʦ棬մѱҲԤ֮𣿡һЦ֮շʵ
š
һЦӻ֣ϰѾɨͰĲһУȴʢ١
ǣ档
£С¶Ҳػںڰ֮ˣ𽣶ɡ
šµͷ
΢Цһǣ˵þòԶˣϷһˡ
뵽ʲôʵҪȥ𣿡
һûǸ£͵͵Ļٵ½̼ɽͷһġ
һЦĿǿգ̾ϢһҽҪԶˣɾҪǴˡ
ʦҪȥǿĮɫҲ¶֮ɫ
ʥҲֻܲڵ״̬жô
⣬Ԫ໹֮꣬ڻͻƣԪݽߣ


398 
ǰҿ꣬޷겻취޳龳ˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ϷȥǿȥһЩؾһһа
һȺ¶֮ɫ
ˣΪɾϹᣬȻѾĺ꣬ȻûŲ̰໤ӽ𽣶켸ꡣ
ôһλʥǻĹҲһ˿ɵ
һλʥŭҪһйڶʱڻûĹҶҪѡ
һȺ˹֮ɫɿݵ϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣİɣݺǿأôġ
գȥɸ𽣶졣
˻ͱյ£ŽŲǰڰ֣ȥ
ʱˣ𽥵Զȥ
ף˷һδټˡ
棬ƽ
ͿУһ̾
ƽ棡
ͬڣǵĶյģѪƵĲֻνͻƽ

ʱ֮
Ķ򣬾𽣶֮⣬һƬɽһһư磬һԼɼһС
Բ֮һƬͣȪһѵ֮ء
½̼Ҫķֶ֮һλʥʵԱȼһĴɡ
Уһݵ߳֡
ȥƬԴһɾɫĮȻдһ˿ɭȻɱ
ˢ
ϣһڵɫľ
һӣ
䣡
һﳤĽ޿ƥеӴɭȻɱֱ˺ѳһµѺۡ
ʲô˵ҹ½̣
µɱ죬һɽ飬ضڲݺ£һжڡ
ˢ
Ӱڿգ뷢һ֮ĽɨУʱ
¡¡
ը˽ʱԲһжˣһƬ档
ϣһӣԲǧǧɣ
½ֶ棬ȫ
󲻵ʱ䣬½ֶ棬һһӣλʥߣ
ս󾪣
һ޴ķ籩ϯ˶֪𽣶ǸֲϹˡ
겻¶âĽһֻô˿ⷬ᲻֮ս
ҲԼµó½̻ʱ
µ򣬻Ϊ½̵̰ģͼռ𽣶죬˭֪͵ʴס
ǧѰˣһֶ汻ʧ˴ӣмλʥߡ
飡
һصСڣһλ¿ݵ߽ǰĵ÷飬̫
棬Ҫս𣿡վԶȫ½̵ĸ߲㣬а벽ʥ硣
սôս
ߴŭߵʦ̫ˣ˵𽣶Ǳô򵥣ҪԼҲˣûһ޷ˡ
ǡ
һ˱ɫǵ𽣶Ѿ˺Ƥǻ᲻ٽ
ž
ߴŭձһȷɴˣӰ뿪սȥǵķֶ棿
ʦ˼ǽֻΪ˳һڶȫ濪ս
ɫһͷߵҴսģ龳ǿߣЩɶ״ս
һս̵û˻ô˾ҲֻΪ˳һڶ
ѵǾ
̣
ЦŤߵĿռķ飬һµ˫Ȼâ
ʦع飬ʦع֮ʱɨ𽣶죬ǻĹҲ
һȺȻͷ˵ʲô
߿еλڣ½мֱһ㣬ڽɰǿߡ
Իδ䣬ҪعʼԴǡ
һȺЦλع飬ǽ͸֣Ҳɸˡ

𽣶죬ָֻƽ
һƬƬɽڣɺڿг۳ңԶȪ˷·ɾ֮С
䶯֮ڲ֪ıࡣ
屻ƽһԳ֣˻մĲر⣬λƽݱء
ڳǷ塢ӡɽһȫ͵£ĪīӧȥԸٴ
ΨȻĹʶĿĿлŮһ߲ʣƺȫûб
һЩĶȴ֪飬һƷʥջأͬʱڼǿͨҲֹ
պȻ뿪𽣶졣

ֹ˼죬һлָƽ˸߲֪֮ѾԶУΪʥ
һЩ߶ĵӣҲͦˣʹԽڽҲǿӲ˿塣


399 ǧ
ʦ塣
峿׳ڽ𽣷档
Ƽæΰݣȴһ͵סʹ䲻
΢΢һЦƲˣûôأһŷʦֶҲ֤
ŷϴЦЦʦûгļӣǵ٩Ҳ޷
ú֡ʹӺ߳Цѵһ䡣
ŷϴ͹ƶʱɫһݣ΢΢Ҵ
Խϣǿһս֮ʵ־࣬ϢǾͶİȴԶ׼
̬ٲȻۡ
װԸп͵츳ԣ޳ʥǳ飬ֻʱ
ʼԴǽңѾ֪ˡ

ʦܣ˷ǰľˡЦ
׵ͷЦʦַģһᰲȫذʦֶ͵ľľǺܹϣҲȥ漸졣
ЦӶᾡ֮ꡣ
ҲҪȥ
һӰһϮ£Ĵ۾¶һ˿Цݡ
üͷһ壬֣Ϊȥ𣿡
ƫҪȥҲҪȥľ˫һգһգؿס
׵һۣЦСѾͷȥľԣһ·Σأͱˡ
ٰ꣬Ǿͻᵽľʱֱǫ̂ȥǣǸãҲøǷ紵ɹˡ
ԶʱһЦͬʦ˵ûѣչһգۼ
ŶǾôɡЩޣ޺޵صһۣһת뿪
ΣЦѾͷҹ߻ˡ

ڶһ硣
׵˱Ҫ뿪𽣶죬˰ͣ˴糿һֱԵ磬ŻƳ
ŷϴȤʦٷ۰
ǵȻǱﻨһʱð͡۾гһߡ
ɫŹ֣СѾͷҪúҪ̰棬ʵĿȥ̫ɽȥҵ
ǶŮӦйͬġ
ָؿ׵̤ϴ̨ȫʧŷؽ𽣷档

âһ˷عƾסСǡ
Ӵ̨ڸ߳ױ㰦̾ϢһüԵúˣһήҵģ
ʦôˣŷϴ͹ƾ㶼һæʵ
һ鴤ķȶҩҪֲȫĳ𣿡
ŷϴ͹ƶʱ¶ֻ֮ɫĬȻĬ߽ͨׯ԰ڡ
ׯ԰ڣһǿϢλ벽Ԫʿ
΢΢һЦЩӦþǹƵĵϵôԸСǱ

ƴʯɫצͼĳ۳ʱһɫӰǰȵ
һľ
ɫȻһ֡
һ˲䣬ǣ΢ǵԴԴϻ۵ڡ
Щ̶̵һ˲䣬ΪһС
ŷϴҲ΢΢һܸܵ˲øΪǿһЩֻΪǽҪľͻΨ׵һ˫۾ܿڣʵ𺳡
ʦ壬Щ˶ĸ׼ĸ֣Щһֱܿ࣬ҲҪǴľ
׵ͷ˵·ϣһ·ƽɡ
ʩʩλҵʦ壬ǿ콾ףʦ塣ƶ벽Ԫʿ˵
֡
֡
˶¶һ˿֮ɫ׷׹ִк
׵Ĵʿ˭˲֪ȻΪߣս죬ڱǴսϹ껡
ֵȻǰ벽ԪҲС׷ֺ
ǺǣλֲؿЦЦ

Ƭ̺
䣡
һ޴ĹڰУʥϢ
ʦ壬һйΪٶͦġЦ˵
Цҡͷ˵Ȼ󷵻ľ̫ᣬķйɡ
һ
ǺǡЦЦһ֡
䣡
һ̽ɫ޴սһڰУǺƺƵϢɫ䡣
ʣȻһ߽ʥǴʥҲ˵
ǧɴСĳ׼Զô𺳣ׯ԰סһ˿˿̽ɫâ˸ƾˡ
żõһսǲսǰľɡЦ˵
ð
ƵйЦʦսȣйʵڲֵһᰡ
߰ɡһЦ
һȺʮ˷ɵսϣսХգۼʧʡ
ԭΪսѾɹڴ٣ǿƳ׼С
Ȼܷӳ׼ٷ֮һٶȡ
ʦ壬ҪȥģǧǣϮǴĻʳźܴӰ
ԶԶأ׾ͿӲɣĳǽ·
һ޴ĳ


400 콾ư
ɣĳǽؼ䣬һֻܲǴԵɨһ۾Ϳмʮš
ǴĻʳǳ֮һڲ֪̲Ŷǿߣʥ߶м
ಡ
սھǧǧĹٵͣջس׼磬һȺ˳ųڻɹȥ
ʵȥ֮⣬ǽⲻʱʿɳлɺ׷裬һ
нУ͸һĽ⡣
һĳͬԭס֮⣬˴ʿ֡
ſڲ롣
Ϊ˭Ҳǧǵңųڵжǿ˭Ҳда벽ʥ
һʮ˴Զû̫ĺ䶯вʿХسųڷȥƺǳż
Һͺְ䲼콾ưһʮϴΰߣȫ콾
ʿٶطڡ
ԶԶأ׵˱㿴һ㳡İУһɢεɫֽ졣
űֽ棬ʮ֡
ʮˣǼҺͺϿɵ콾ϵ·ֱ
ĹżҺͺҹͬ񵥣Ȩӹɣû˸һɰǷ١
ߣҲȥЦЦ
ֽаɣмʮɣڰУɢŵεɫâ
һɫֳڰУÿһ·ֽܡ
ÿһ˵սԼϰԵɡ
еһ
콾ưĵһȻǺҵ˰֮Ϊаħĺ
ָ߾Ӱף˿Ҳ⣬λҵѾħħͨɲ⡣
ԸҲ֪ʱھǺĶ֡
˳Ű¿ۺȻλصʥӣڳͷ׷
׷˲Ϥȥ˶֪˵ʵں֮£Ҹӵء
Ǻǡ
ֳڣɵһЦ
̽˽ڽ̵ʥӣλ磬·һľ콾
ӡ׿Լλڵʱ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ
ǰĶǸɵʥӣλе֤ŽǿͿֲ
Ҳ鷳ԽԽ鷳
ϰһ׿Խ֮ļᶨԼżǿģԸ˲ڽ¡
Ԥģ콾֮һķ֮࣬ûΪҲᲫƴɱ
ϣʶһȺˣҲû˵ĸ֡
ĻʳĹǳĲˣԼ񳯵ҹҹȡ
಻֪ǿߣ΢սǿһ׮׮սɲ˲ŷ
ŷϴûϰ񣬿Լû콾ϣֻǵһЦһƬ
߰ɣһҾ¥ס£ȥһЦһ֡
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
ǿ콾λʱжǳ𾪡
Ҳûϵ׵Ѿôˣѹǧ콾ȻǰʮĴڡ
ľ콾;䣬δпʼԴǡ
˸ת׼뿪һʹ
ߣҿ񵥸Ͳƽǵףʲôʸôߡ
һλʿЦܲмʦֵȻǿЦ֮ʦһжס
ܴ󣬴ܣ˿ĳʱˡ
쵶ŵĵӣҲΪȻûʸϰеʦӦþڵھλ˫λĻʥӡ
뼧ҹϵã˵ŵλʵսҶ硣꼧Ц־Ҫ˺콾
Ҫ
֪
䣡
콾ܵΣգͻȻһۻֽ͸ɢһ纣ϢһƱѴȷףȫѣȻˡ
ƿֲޱߣ֯ĵƣһƴ֮˻ֽڡ
ǲ֪Һͼһ°콾ȫǾģ̲һʽʥߵͨ콾ĸֻпֵܵҲҰ񣿡
ÿֲ
һֽڶ̲ʥ֤ͨҺͼҵɲ⡣
ССһֽԳΪһҺͺҾȻӡ˰ţһ;ÿֲ
߰ɣ
΢΢һЦֻһС鷳ء
Ҳ֪ôģѵҪҾԵ𣿡ҡͷЦһ

ǧǷǳһֵͨ˴ѡһûʵľ¥Ъš
¥ʮɣ繬һݻ


401 ߻
Ҫ˼ʮ䷿סŷϴڴԷ
ˢ
ŷϴ΢΢һ֣ʹһСͨһεϣֹǵ̸
ʦ壬ղڹ㳡ҷּӥƺžƣɫ΢΢Щ
ӥ׺ŷϴһ
ɫͷ͵߸յӥȮĸһ֧˽ӣоŰˣмλԪǿߡ
գ
ŷϴ΢΢һüͷ˵˵ĸһǴĻʳ
ţĸ׳壬ǸһСˡƵһЦ
׺ȻһЦһ⣬ΪʲôǻϲͬأȻϣ̫ˡ
ЦŽ͵Ϊǻϣǻӵܱ֮ʹõϡ
ʼĽᷢӱչۣԱĻӣһֱ̳ϡ
ЦЦĿһ˿⣬˵а꣬ҾͿٴνˡ
׺ŷϴͷԭԵʡ
ҼľסˣҲ£ˡЦü仹͸һɱ
ʦ壬ĸһԭҲ壬ȴڶʮǰˣѾ鵽ĸ׵ļΪŷϴ͵
׵ͷƣʵô
ƾֶξɡ¶һ˿ŵЦݣղ򣬲֮ΪҵĶ֡
Ǻǡ
׺ŷϴЦ
ȻƶôǿţȻҲõˡ

ͬһʱ䡣
һֵķ¥ڣ˹һλɫɭ˽¡
ͬʯɫצӵұ§ǧĵŮȻڷЦţʼ͸һɭа
Сʮ
ջӴվŮһЦʶȤ뿪䡣
ǵĵ£Ѿȷϵȷǹơһλ˹˵
ȤȤ
ɭȻһЦСʮǲİѵ뱾һ뱾ʸ𣿡
£мʮ֣ĸ˴ﵽ벽Ԫ
΢΢۾ЦЦʮǰǳϴȻ׼ҵ©ˣĸѩϧڹвʶʱ׾ͱĸѹ乬ڡ
£Ƿֳƣ
أҪǵξٿղ죬껹ϲСʮġЦҡͷ
СʮȻҪȥݷξٿգɱҲȥ˳̽һ̽ξٿյĿڷ硣
ϼһӦöʲôʶʱΪܣʱǳ֣˶Ըǡ
Цţ˵޹ɱҸʷˣҾͲˡ
΢΢һ٣üһ˿ɭȻɱϸӣʲôʱҡ
ǣ£

ǧ󣬵ȴԵüˡ
Ļʳ֮Ķ콾𺳡
콾ճɲǼ뿴ϰʮ˾˭
콾ǧˣ൱һֲŷ񵥣ΪԼȫϰ
ǵڵʱ򣬸в¶Ц¶ɱ
еĵطѾսδϰһȥսϵĸ֣һʱӿĴ
̶һҹ֮׵ڴԷʱ˵ǰѾȸǰʮԾû䡣
Ǻǣһ콾˶ЦЦ
ŷϴҲЦȥǰʮ
΢΢һЦһգŷʦֶΪ콾ϱĽĴڡ
ŷϴȻһЦüš
ٸʮʱ䣬ȥս˫
ʦ壬ʩǸմϢأвȥ𽣶ս
׶ʱ¶֮ɫ̾ɣҲš
ԹͣƱ׺ŷϴǰʩ뵽ǧǣ̽ѰϢ
ռȻѾˣӥҲǵӰ
ôձȻҲȥ
˫Уһ˿ɱ
ǧǺܴξٿվסĳλڶǾסľ¥ǧ֮ң
ҺóвֹУʱǱӿпһ޴ıԺ
ׯ԰ǧмʮ󷨻ӣׯ԰һƬɽǿɽС
˽ֱߵſڡ
ſڵʯɫĹƣɫһݣ¶֮ɫ
ڴĻʳΨлӲſʯɫһλǧǣƴ¡
±һģ߳һݿʵΪλ٣
ǹƣݼξ塣


402 Ʊ
ƣ
΢΢һ漴ɫùŹɫҲôЦԭʮ١
ƵȻһЦԷ̬۵ףͷţͷͨһݼξ塣
õģԵȡ
ЦЦصׯ԰ڡ
ЩҲ˹֮ɫһ˿ӡ
ʮӹƣҲ˵걻ΪλĻô
ʵ۱µİȾָǲ֪
ǵλ̫΢˵Ѿ³Ϊˣ֮Ϊơ
׺ŷϴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڴĻʳǰҲ֪λξٿǲǻ᲻ӡ
ξٿǧǣλߣ˵ǹƣǻĵҲҪسƺһξ塣
ˢ
ԶмӰӿн
һʯɫĽ˶ла벽ԪΪ
ԭʮܣ겻ʮܷɰմһ˿ϷʵЦݣ˹
ļȫɫƣЦˡ
ĻʳȻɲ⣬ߵŰ벽ԪΪҿԿ϶Щӱվżʥߡ
ͿԿĻʳʵҪԶԶڽ𽣶죬ҲֻлĹҲſʤһͷ
߻֡ɫĮȻ΢΢һͷ
ЦЦͬʱ׺ŷϴ˵ʮͦǰ׽Ϊͦ
ЦСƫһ磬Ȼû߻ֹ
΢΢һЦȻѹʮܣ˵ĸ׵˸ʣѾ乬֪ô
һ˿ɱӹ
ĸڻʹйú࣬۸ĺܲңȻ֪Ҳ֪еԵɱȻѲ˸ϵ
ʮǰǳϴ׼ǧˣȫĸһ顣
߻֣ʮӶʮһصǣһⳡϷȥϣҲʧ
ɭȻһЦĿɭؾǣʮܵ뷨Ҳϣܻصǣôٺ٣ºŶ
ƵȻͲͷ߻ֵˡ
ԣ׺ŷϴһԾؿϷû˵
Сӣң
ȻߵһȻŭףϲɱ
ɫ䣬գ鷳ܺ£Ҫҧˡ
ʼ磬εǿɲҵ£ҵѣҲûȨȥҪʲô
һλЦ׵СӣǸãƽϡ

Լһ仰û˵Ҳܱ꼰㣬һѵĿŵԸƣССĽѵһġ¡ǿԵġ
ŷϣ͹ƶ¶Ź֮ɫ
յ»ǲۣŷϴҲͰˣȻȥס
׵Ƣжôң˭˲֪
һƽףЦʮܣƢôŶƢ̫ͬɱ֮ܲá
ҲЦˣЦøӹŹ֣Ҳҵ£ҵѣƵĸ߻һ䣬ҵƢҲãҲϣξſڷʲôᡣ
Сӣ
յһλЦһӰһǰһȭݺݺ˹ȥΧ죬նѺۡ
ʥʾ˲Ϊ

һ羪ƵĳǰһɫĽɽӵƣһ
䣡
ǰ벽Ԫʿʱɳն룬ǿĽֱܲһƬննˡ
⻹׿⽣ɢԻСׯ԰
ʲô
ʲô
Լļλɫ䣬翴ƵĿףȫ¶ź;֮ɫ
һʿȻһнһλ벽Ԫʿˣλһ㣬˲š

䣡
յǸվǰ벽Ԫⲻ֮±նɣһ޾ľ֣˲塣
Ҫɱ㣡
ֹҲ¶֮ɫҪ֡
ߣ
ٿȻ䡣
ׯ԰ɽڣһߣӴһ˶Ĥ飬վȡ
һɺƵʥһ˿ζ

ϵʥɢȥϢѹҲʧ
֮⣬һȺɫʱҰף¶һ˿¡
ԹȻ٣ξٿ߹ȻʥߣҾԲǸոսԪʿ
ʱׯ԰ڳŹƺտһۣĿͣϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
߻ӣʮӣ롣
ͷ·
л
ƺնЦһׯ԰ڡ


403 ξٿ
ׯ԰ܴ󣬿óξٿһܻܵˣһ·ۿɼ̻Ի͵ķݣԼ͸̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽ֣԰ﻹϵľ
׵˸˽һ󣬲һͤڡ
߻ӣʮӣԵƬ̣ڻһλҪĿˣҪƬ̲ܹ
šյɫ΢΢Щѿǿһͷ
΢΢һЦ޷ξ幫æǵƬ̲µġ
ЦЦĿٴοףʵ֪λֵ䣿
ҾһСࡣ׵ȻһЦ
˹ЦֿЦˣĳȸˡ
ߺ󣬲ʱгŮˮ̵ȡ
ŮǸ뿪յɫͱüɭĿⲻƵضףߵλֵαװͦðʮܻʵίˡ
ƵȻغŲ裬Ц߻֣һ䣬Ĳҵ£ҵĳ
ĳ
΢΢һĿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
üͷƬ̣ͻȻɫһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôµ飬ȻһɲŽ壿𽣶ף
ʲô
ӣЩ¶ˣȻһȫվĿдžļɵ
˵Ӱ
콾ߵĴڣҺͺҹͬϿɵľ콾һЩ콾Ҫߡ
ף
յɫúѿȻ˺󼸲źۼضǼ벽Ԫʿ¶һ˿׾η֮ɫ
׵ĴţѾúܶˣڳļսǴ
һ𻢺Ϲ껶еĿˣȻǴĻʳ߻ӣȣ˺ܶࡣ
΢Ц߻ѵôҵʦ𣿡
û˵뷴ȻңֲԸԼƣһתһߣԶ
벽Ԫʿȫ¶ɵ֮ɫΧһԲסա
Ǳոġ
ʲô˶ɱ浣λ콾ߵĿһŭ֮¸ɵգձɱȻҲˡ
£뿪ɣĺҲûаܶԸһλ벽ԪʿЦ
ЦĿİɣξٿ֣ʥ򡣡

μ֪Ҳ󣬶ʱʵ࣬ٳðơ
Ҳûаշ׺ŷϴЦ죬ͤڵշǳ΢
һ꣬һЦԶͬʱߴӰ
׺ŷϴ΢΢һ
˫ʲôѵξٿ֮ǰҪ˾˫
ߣһˣ룬ɫϣͶһɾͰԾµϢ
Ӧþξٿգǧǵʵͳߣʵ൱ǿ󣬿һۡ
ϲվǶξٿһ񣺡ξ塣Ŀ˫Цԭ֡
˫ЦЦӿɫƽףһֹ̾Ȼкܣˡ
˫ŷϴɫͱĮԶʱЦһ˫ôﶼӰ
˫Ц˵ҵ˼ңҲҵİңôܲأ
Ƶɫ΢΢һ䡣
ξٿյȻ˫ϢǶԷǳ˽֪˫
˫ҪЮħȪһ£Ѿ׸󣬹ʮǰӦˡ
ڳʱַĦѾ˴˺֮ˡ
ϢҲ΢΢һ漴Цֿ۵黹ܶأԺ֪
ξٿշһˬģѸ߹ǣλǧǵĳ裬Ļǳ
ǺǣλӼݵδԶӭʵξٿ΢΢һЦһǸӡ
Цξô˵ʼնҵĳһǵõ㱳ҳȥ龰
ξٿ΢΢һ¶һ˿ůЦ⡣
ƶ̶̵һ仰ѾһγѾõļ䣬ڵĹƣЦЦһ̾Ϣ
̾Ϣ֪ΪΣȴùֲĸо
ξ壬ϲϲȲ裬صشӾǴ˼ò衣չһЦйâһмҶС
߻ӷˡ
ξٿ΢΢һЦѾ׼磬λ롣
׸վ˫Ƶ˵һ䣺֣콾Ҳ
⣡
һȺ˵ĶȻһ
׷΢΢һЦǷɣпɥ
˫۾ֲϢƳߣƾʲô


404 ս˫
˫λ٣Ҫ¡ξٿճһ£ԶһϮ꣬ûɵһ
λµŽ壬Ǹһ׽͸ĸоѾֻ뵽Ԫǿ͸Էǳ
˵Ž˵콾ôߣȻϢս
˫Ψһ᲻Լܵһ˿һ˺
˫ûԼ˾˵ĺǳ⣬һ˿ɱĿ⿴ף˵ƾʲô
΢΢һЦңӦȥѯƶ񵥵ǰ
˫绢һ㣬˵ô鷳ֻҪҴ㣬ұԳΪҡҳΪ콾İס
׾ؿʱ˫Ѿħ콾סˡ
콾Ͳںһ콾
޵У
Ӧһλľ˫ΪȻߣľδﵽʦ硣
콾һߣ˫ĵ׵泹չ¶¶ܴ⡣
뵽˫΢΢һС
ЦңֱЦˡ
ߣ
˫ߣһ񱩵ȥͤ˲䵹Ϣɢ԰Ӷˡ
ףղݣ𣿡
һȣׯ԰ڲ
˫Ҫ֣
ξٿɫһͬʱĿⲻƵס
εȾһ۾ͿƻԼĵģı٣ⱲҲˡ
˾ˣܡ˫ֱشξٿգɱ죬ŻϢ˫ó졣
һսɸң
˫ȣ˫綢ףĲֲޱߣǿŷϴҲʮɡ
ƺյˣѾ˺ɣ꼰㡣
ξٿս٣õؿף˵Сֵܣ֮¾ʹ˰Σ
ν
ʼЦֻҼܲ߻ħơ
ˣ
ξٿմ𣬴׵ĻСֵܣǷһ飬뿪
ð
ЦЦǳ׼ȥٱʱԴĿⲻؿ˫
ףҵ㣬ӽ쿪ʼһ¾𽣶ĵӣֱһս
˫ȻŭҲûгʧȥǣΨֻξٿյׯ԰һαɵС
һٶɸߵϣ˫пµĲסס
¶ɫȻǰҪһսˡ
ξٿؿһ仰û˵
Ϊ̫һ˫һսڱУ
ɫҲĮȻҲɵС
ˢˢˢ
ξٿռͬɵһٶɸߵİա
˫㵽ΪֹɣûҪΪ콾˵ģǲֵáξٿմ
ս
ӦξٿյģֻһҵĴȣ˫Ϻ˵ĲԽ£·𶯾졣
ˡ
һսУʥ
ʥԾԵʤ֮䡣
ǰ벽Ԫʿûκȡ֮
䣡
˫ɫ䣬һ仰˵ҵɱȥ
Ѹٴսһ𣬰˲䱻òƲǿɢȥγһɹɾ޴Ĳˣҵı֮
ݡ
һգ֯һһ߾޴̰ģХƵֲϢܰɡ
̰ն
Զŷϴɫأǵ۶ɵľ޴̰ǣĿжʱ¶һ˿⡣
˫սԽǿˡ
𣡡
̰Ǿ޺𣬷·һ㣬ճһѺۣһҽһնȥ
ݡ
꣬ǿ׵Ĳһ㶼ѷɫҪǿһЩ

Цɫͬ䡣
һУҲûʥýǬǾ޴̰ײһ
䣡
̰ҵײһ𣬶ʱ޴ıըմƬƬѿ
ݡ
Ӱٴβҵɱһ
ݡ
һâг֣Ϣش׵ĺԣٶȿķ˼
ǿµɱᴩ񷣬⵶âᴩԴǴҲȲ
أ
׻ȭȭɽӰƣâ顣
ͬʱ
ޱ޼ʵĵâӿһһȻֻһ߾޴̰ǡ
ٿȻ䡣
ױ̰ǵĶС
𣡡
䣡
ǧ۵ľ޴̰ǣͻȻըһâѣȫ֡
ͬʱ
һƥƵĵ⣬ͷն£
أأ
ײϵĻȭսļֻմըħһ㽫Щըγɵľ޴籩顣

һ޴Ľɫǵâײһ


405 
䣡
ײһ𣬸ճǿֲĲǧɣһѺ۳֡
ξٿձɫձɫŷϴ֮⣬ɫȻһ䡣
콾ϣ콾ʵ
ξٿտЦһʵǿҲΪ˫ױȡ
һֱԼµСѾ˰
ŰȻ˫ξٿ¶һ˿۰֮ɫ漴΢΢һüͷǡ
׵սͬ¡
ѸٽѾнУȻ˭κβ˭ƬһɳһɹɲϯɸߣǾİ촫ȥмʮ
Һڿнսڵϴսһֻ̼ׯ԰Ҫһ

ս
˫׷һͨʩչħһ㡣
ˣ
ս˽ʱȻ޷սʤףҶԷƺԽսԽǿȻ·硣
ɡ
ͻȻһ㤵ϢأһʥͻȻüķɳһڰɫսȥ
ʥƺƵʥϢûһУһƵ翪ٵƵģնһǧɵĺۼ
ߣ
Цͷ˫ǽʥմ˫üķɳʱʮڷɽҲüķɳ
ͣ
ݺᣬ˲һ
أ
ڿ΢΢תѸٱɴĥǵ⣬ǿʥײһ
ÿһײնʼըһƬȥضڲ

˫˫磬Ȼһ
ʥսȻͻ˽ص˫ϡ
䣡
ֳѩս˫ͻȻޱȵĿ¡
ֱָףɱ⣬ȵףձɱ㡣
Ǿɣ
޾壬ɫ裬ͬʱǬһС
䣡
˽һձѸٵشսһ𣬲ʱѪڿ쮹
ŷϴǿþĶǡ
ȫǲĴ򷨣ûзأȫǴ󿪴ϵĽξٿգɫĿӥ㶢ս
ŷϴεȾξٿյ̬֪Էпܻ˫
΢΢һ࣬ӵסξٿա
㲻ҵĶ֡ξٿ۾ԶĴս˫һֱ۱׳ȫѪ߰ߣʱ¶һ˿ɱ
ŷϴЦ˵ƽսҳ֣գ
㣡
ξٿɭȻؿ
ʦδ䣬־ѻͻɱȫңء
ŷϴ˵赭дȻһЦԶɽʥǰС
ξٿɫʱһݡ
½ֶѾҲ˵ˣҪ˵£ǿ϶ǺԡѪսʵۡ
һսĻɣ
ŷϴɫƽҲѾ׼ãξٿҪ֣ȻҪס

䣡
һȭҵϢ·ܻ죬޴ȭͷѹ˫
ףֻһ˶
˫ŭһȭײһ
صն
˫˹ֳʥսǰһӣ
޿ƥеʥȥ춼ǵӰÿһӰȫʵģɣ
еıۣʱĿܡ
飡һƬܲסѹһӱѼʮɣֱѿһǧɵĿӡ
ɽ֮
֣ͬӶǧһɽЩӰײһ
ըٴμҵĶײһ
սԽԽڿһ·Ѫսһʹɵգǿֲܴ¡
أ
һȭᴩ˫ţһͰ󱬣Ȼ˫ָͬ絶׵һ첲
˳״뽫Է
ҵսŷϴξٿնܵģҲŷɵչս
յˣǻصϣкη塣
յǼ£ȫɫҰףĿ־塣
֪Ϊʲô콾ôߣ޵еսĿ˵
ףҳС㣬ʮܳɳزҲƾ콾ˡ
˫ŭ𣬺ڷ٣޾ӿ壬˿˲Ȭضס
ȴҺʧԭΪսǿһЩȴû뵽ˣЦ˫ĵġ
㣡
˫ŭĿ䣬ߵ񻰾ҪսˣҾҪֻֽɱ
ͬػؾԡ
䣡
ٿȻ䣬һءɣµĲ˫ϣɲǼ䣬ޱȿֲ
ֳֵ䣬·ǿ˰㿴ס
죡
Уۡ
ŷϴɫʱ䡣


406 ɵ
˫ХնڲصϢϣսҪںһ
ǡ쵶ŵռ֮ͨһ죬˫Ҫ𣿡ŷϴء
ξٿҲ¶֮ɫͨʥ߲ſʩչ˫ڵΪͨδ̫ǿˡ
ɱ
һ˲䡣
˫սȻںһ𣬱һɾǿɱ⣬һƬɲǼȥǧɣ档
޾ľӿ룬Ƭ⾹Ȼݻ磬ħɽԶڵ
ȻеһУԵɡ
أ
һħƬڣűɫס
ĵХһ۳һƬƬƥ飬֯һƬõĹĻ
âХ£ҪݻУնɱ
ɫأ˫Ǿ콾һƴȻԶԸҲҪóȫ֮ͨ⡣
䣡
״һαʮɴǵâϣֻһǳԵӡǣ޷
ʮʥȻһҪſƬС硣
ء
뽣ԾͬʱǿƶԵһȭһȭݻħƬ
֮
䣡
һߴӰսУȻ˫쵶ŵʼ棬ǿƵĻɱ
˲ҵĶԾȫüң飬ӳʮɵս
Ҫ۽ս˫ԲǶ֡
գһȭһ㣬ߵ
ƬУ࣬ǲսʤģ˫ٴֳһ˿Ц
ô
¶һ˿ЦݣüĺȻų⣬һɫХ׼ȷشյĳһϡ

֮ҵĲħڰе˫ޱȵ
С磬Ҳסңҿ
״һȭһ
ɫȭޱȣȻ֯һһõĽɫţ˲񷡣

һ޴ĵ⣬ն
飡
ǬססйһƬƬѣѪ͹ͷɡ
ڣ׶ɱˡ
ԽսԽͣȭһƬС֧飬ʧˡ
ն
һָһɫХֱӽڰе˫ƳһЩ֮롣
ǧɽƬСڡ
ʲô죬飡
䣡
ǧɽͬʱѣһӾͻƬС硣
أ
ӰΣʩչӡ׷Ҫ˵˫һ˲ʹǧȭȫϡ
ۣ
˫ҽУ޼£Ҫֵס׵ɱȴָסԷȭ
Ѫҷɣֻ̼䣬Ͳ㱻ࡣ
˫
ξٿմŭǶ²ͣȥˡ
ŷϴĿƽصסξٳҪʲô
˫˭ˡµϢתξٿ䶢ŷϴ
ŷϴЦһǾ仰Ҳһˣſһԡ

䣡
״˿һǰҪ״˫
ȭͣһȭһȭսٴɣ˫ÿθո۳壬ͱһȭ顣
ףɱҰɣɱң
˫ŭзǳԼһƵıŹ״ħ
ͣ
ײָ罣ŷϴն飬ĮȻͣ£ȻѾΪҵĶˡ
˫棬һ壬ȫ鴤ƺһս׻˵ġ

˲񷣬һھѪ˴ӿ½ȥ
˫
ξٿѣӰһ㸩ȥסȫѪ˫
ӡ
˫͵ξٿд󱯣ԴԴϵ͵ڡ
ϡ
Ҳɫӣű״˵˫Ȼ
ĿξٿգзһԤС
˫Լ˾˱ڻһ仰˵ɫҰףһ㡣
˫սһʲôҪɱξٿɫ
ۣ
˫һһѪȥ
ξٿձŻȥ˫ȻŤͷݺݵؿף壬úݡ
ɫƽԵξٳˣҹƽһսѣ˵û֡
ξٿսƽڵϣȻŤɫһ˿бɱ⣺壬̫ˡ
ξ壬롭
סڣû˵ʸ񡣡ξٿմɭȻؿŹƣߵҪ֧㣬Ǿɱס
ɫʱһ䡣
ؿξٿգƽ˵ξǰҪҶǾ԰ɡ


407 Ĳ
ưܵͤܣһӱ䵽㡣
ɫȻؿξٿգŸܵһ޵ʥԶɽдݶǺȻ¶һ˿Ц
ξǰҪѹô
Ŀ˸죬˫ǹƽһսҲҲ֣
ξٿĻɫ粻Ҫõɱףֲҡ
ǧȻе̣ɣ𽣶ɻ̫ࡣ
ҽڴ򣬳ʥ⣬˭ԪϹ
ף̫ˣ֪ǽ𽣶컹ûгư򡣡ξٿ
ξǰˣҵԸˣһս˫ģҲûʲôϵ
ξٿҧЦĿһƣһ˿ƻ֮ɫ
Ǻãﲻӭǣ뿪ξٿǿŭ͵һӡ
ǰһɫ΢΢Щ飬ξ壬㵥˵仰
ûҪˡ
ξٿĮһ֣ؿҪ˵߻Ҳұʽ̬һ䣬Һӡ
ƺɫͬʱ䡣
ξٿֵ֧˾ȻĲɫúѿǹƣиһ˿֮ɫ
Ĳ
λµӣðǵİϷпܳΪ̫ӵˡ
ǣ
ߣֽеĲҶ˦ȥż뿪
Ȼξٿչ֧ĲҲûҪˣٱ֮ʱԴĿɨ׼һۡ
һһݣƾȸˡ

ξٿߡ
׺ŷϴЦԹת뿪
תɲǣ˫һӱ䣬һ˿âһš
Ƕߺξٿձ˫һׯ԰ɽڡ

ɽһڡ
ܼªȴһ꺮ϥһߣһִڷһߡ
ʦ塣ξٿչغ
š
ۣȻؿŻȥ˫ҡͷá
ξٿտЦ⺢һδʧܣһʧ̫ܶˡ
˵á
ĮȻˣһΪڣıƣⱲӻҪֹڴˡ
ξٿӾ¶ޱʹϧ֮ɫֱüͺף
һսȫˣŽȻǿһ̾
ξٿ˫Ŀ˸ų֮ɫͺʦ壬Ҫɱס
ǲֱ֡ӵ
ξٿ¶૵ʦǲ֣ǧסףҲĶ֡
Żȥ˫˫Ŀ죬Ψһһֱӿȴӡ
ʦ壬Ҫ𣡡
δԳ֣֡ʥɽ䣬ɢǿϢ
ʦʾ
ɱգ޻ף˳ĲǰɫȻƽ˵ˣ׻
ξٿһصصͷ˫ĿɭȻɱ
˫ӣһΪ㱨ģ޷Ϊǿߣ˾Ҳһӡ
˫ͻ쵶š
Ц˳һս˼ʶĿֲ˻ġ
ʦӢξٿĿһ
Щ콾͸ɼʶ׵Ǳ˻˯þʱҪ֣Ҳܳ֡
˭ҲŽɳɵŽѹǣѹɶҪ׳Ƴ

˻صջɫЩ¡
һξôδȨ̫ˣΪԼĹϵξٿ˺
ֻλʮҲԼˡ
뵽ҲһЦЩºαô࣬ԼΣƣͷۡ
ŷϴʱ¶ãʱԹ˵ʦܣǲǺܲˣ
ЦЦһɡ
ŷϴüͷһҪװڰ֣ӹЦʵƣѵҲ˫һս𣿡
ƿЦЦɫжʱһݣæӾ˼
ˡ
װ֣ЦǾʹ˷ֿɣҽֱӴ򿪴̨ľȽϰȫһЩ
ɫ䣬æʦ壬ˣҾû
΢΢һЦҲû˼ֻڸңǳΣյġ
˶٣˵Ȼüͷ΢΢һ̾һƣˡ
ƶʱһͿһΰӰڿջſڣż򵥵ľװһˡ
Ĳ
λĻʳӣȻʱǧǡ


408 
Ĳһɫװڷ٣׿ȺȺ֮Уûдκһ˱
ʵϣҲҪ
Ĳͬ콾ϣʮߣ䲻ףҲƾ콾
Ҳˡɫ粻૵
ĲŤͷһŵƵףͬڹƵĲĿһ㡣
֣ŷ֣ʮܡĲ΢Ц
֡
׵˵ͷ
ĲײİڳҲ棬Ҳ֪λӲ򵥣һ
ҷһɣĲЦĿס
ǺǣȻԡ΢΢һЦõҼһ˫ӣ˳Ҫ˼ƿþơ
ĲҲΪԼһƣЦλҲȷһ
һ¶ǣĲ±ӣ˫ƣƽҡͷʮܣЩçײˡ
ƵȻһЦʵγԣ
ĻľûҪĲ̾һı֪˶֪Զαش£
Ц£˵ϾƣָԼһĬƬ̵Լǣˡ
׿ֵˣԼһЦ
Ƶ뷨ˣڻǷԸ𽣶˭Ҳ˵á
۲ŴԣΪۣӦò˺֣ƼȻѡٺڿûôס
ҲֵУƲԼͣҲڳһЩʱȥ
֣һ꣬ЩԽˡĲתͷЦŶ׵
ֿˡ
ĲЦЦЦĶŹ֮⣬ҡͷĳ޹ά֮⣬Ѿˣֲǰǿƻ˫쵶һ⣬ڴء
ŷϴɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ
ɫ糣ƺϵЦЦؿĲ˵ֻ֮
Ĳҡͷɫˣֻǳһ䣬˼
һȺ˸̥˰ʱ缴ʱĲЦʹƣʮܣһľ𣿡
ĺˣһһǴĻʳķ羰ԡֻñǸˡ
Ĳɫ΢䣬ЦҲ䣬üͷʮܻǼּ𣿡
ǰʧˣʲĹȻһЩ飬ȻҺΪʱ
ĲЦţԵͷȻʮ뷨ҲǿǾ͡ľɡ
Ŀ΢תʱֱ崺磬һЦ֣лļˮƣٻᡣ
ߡ
ЦŰ֡

ʦ壬ҡ
Цһ֣֪Լͺãܸıδһ£֪־Զ󣬵ҲϣҪеʱȨȫ
¶һ˿֮ɫЦʦĻһϣҲ֪Լһֱϵԭá
̫࣬һʧȥʱҪһ겻ˡ
ҡͷЦ˵˫Ǻܺõӣ̫еҪͨսʤʦ֤ԼʧˣԷˡ
һͷЦȻ򣬲
ܻ򣬶ʦĹ͡Ƴĵ
ŷϴҲ¶ЦݣԹƸоҲϣλСʦܱôΪ̫ǰԼˡ
Ը񣬳¡
ŷϴףԼǰԸƢϴŴȵʧ֮Ҳһ˫Ϊһ
ƣν쵶źξٿգΪǶװݣȻľ𣿡
΢Цʦ干ͬһЩĥѣ֮õ顣
Ǻã
һЦĿ׼ʱֻҪǻҪһ˿棬Ͳʥ߷
ȥʥ֮⣬ʮ벽ԪʿҲܵ

ҹ
һڼžҹԵü̶׶붨˳ִ򿪴
ѪܿԶһֵ̳ƺһ¥ˡ
ģһɲͷ
ţ
عͷһ֣Զ򿪡
ŷϴ͹߽
ʦ壬ˡ
ŷϴһ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫոոձɱֳһƬǽ壬Ƶľ¥ݺᡣ
߰ɣǧǲٴˣξٿյ̫ˣΪǣҲɱ
׶ûϵξٿյ쵽ɱӡ
½ͲξٿռȻߣȫ׼Ҳضа취ĸǱߵĸţɱ߻ӵıס

ҡͷһ̾ǰľ֮УޱȵľĶǺա


409 ׷ɱ
δ𣬿ĺ
׼ǧȥŶߣٶƥһվĿˮǡ
ԭļƻǫ̂͵ˮǸĳǳأٴĵعȥ
׸ı⡣
ҹξٿɱգĸ׼ǿ߱ȻݣԤɳ
ôǧǷɵˮǣǸЩ˼¡
ȣ˲ɱģҲô̹ǰˮǡ
ΣҲͨĥƺŷϴһѪսǵΪа
Ҳ֪Ʊʵô
ʥ߲ҪƤǰ𣬹ƱǿǷԸΪǵһ١

ಡ
׼ƲмʻţһŴѾ裬׷Ըȥʩֵػ̨һֵٷ
ԼǷ˿ɫѾս·һƬ಻ĴϿȣϿһƬ޴ɭ֣дϢ֪
䣡
ͻȻ䡣
һֻ޴ƴϿȷɲǼ仯ǧɣһ޿ƥеʥϢ
ռ䶼סˣʥϢεĿεĿռ֮ڡ
һ㣬ֲɢޱȿµϢֱ֮ӱڻ
һƺڹ˴Ƭա
ã
ģ
׵ɫҲѿԷһ涼ҪˣȻɳʥΪΧǡ
ƵһȺ¶ңȫս
ʥ˵ѹ궼ڲκηͷؿԽԽĴƱƽ
Ÿʲôеڵȥ״
һȺ˼æתڿڣһööɢڵȥȫƺ
ͬʱ
üķɳʮʥǬ󣬶ʮ˿ռ֮ڡ
ž
޼᲻ݵĿռ֮ڣǬһϸ΢Сӡ
ಣ
ɫأų׼ײ˹ȥһӾƿС磬뿪
أ
ʱһööڵǿֲĴץס΢΢һʥЩڵδը
Ȼ̶̵һ˲׵˾ʧӰ١
ܵõͦ졣ֲʥɢȥ±һ˳ϡ
һߴӰ·ϿȷɳȻĲ
ʦĲ
Ҫҳɱ˽ȻѾȥǧһ֮Ϳ׷ǡ
ĲЦҡͷ˵ʦ֣յĸѾŭˣѾɳʥߡ
治½𽣶챨Цҡͷɱ׾ףһʥҲδܵ֡
Ĳ΢΢һЦ˵ô˵վһϷǵſݳɡ
ƺܼɵ׺͹ƣ
š
Ĳ۾˵ʮһûڻûг򣬵Žܼ֣ҵĴС
Ҳ˫ųһˣҲͬʧʲôҴӲ¡
Ĳ˫֣ɫ䡣

ʦ壬ԷѾȫ˺ˣǻǫ̂ǰˮǰѡ
ǧ֮⡣
£ŲǰǺƵƥʥ¶Ц֮ɫ
ȺȻǿʥ߻̫Զǹؼʱ׳ֻ֣˶ˡ
š
׵ͷͬʱлһ˿ɻ
ȻʲŶǳֵλʥߣûжȫ
ƾԼЩ˵ֶΣӵó
ʱѾ׼ĵˣϣΨһһʥսū
ڷɳһֻʣһʥսū
һʥսūټ׶ΪһʥϮҲֲô
ģˮ㰡Ŀ΢ֱǰˮǡ
ˮһʥҲ⶯֣Ψ꼰ͨա
̨֣Ѿúˡ
Զʩֵǫ̂Ƿȷú֮һȺ˶һ
׺ŷϴɫʥϮֺη
һսѡ

ʦ壬߰ɣЦ
š
׼磬һȺ˷̨
Ȼһ˲
䣡
һ¡ЯޱŭɱĿϢϯһУ˷Բǧ
ԭ̵գɲǼûѹѹŲ飬ͷ
ۣ
ۣ
һҽʩԴһâȫѡ
磡
ʩѣȫȻȼ̼䱻ճһѻҡ
ȴʩֵ֮⣬Ҳ׷ײ״ͬȫޱȡ
Ƭ̼䣬ǺѹѹԽϢ·γһסˡ
ˢ
׺ƳȥʮɣվĵطһгһƬ
ͬʱһХ಻


410 ʥ͵Ϯ
â꣬޾ɢǧ֮ڣǧڵĿռ䱻סǸ޷뿪
ݣ
һâ֯ɴϯơ
䣡
ɫƽһɫͷһ±ʮɴ󣬴һϹ⣬ס
еâսӽЩϹ⣬Զޡ
ʥֻɫֻз޷һʱҲ޷ס
ŷϴ΢΢һЦͷһͷڹ˸еĵ⾡ʧ
սǿ󣬳Хһͷâβɳնա
䣡
ռݼӲŷϴٴȻ޷ƿɫ𽥱ء
Σд鷳ˡ

ͬʱ
ǿĹ
һƥƵնֲǵأһƬȵĵ⼸ˡ
ಡ
ǬסȻסսĵ⡣
ˢ
һɲǼâ죬ն
أ
뵶ײһ𣬶ƺһ͵ɳȥȫѣѪա
ʦ壡
ʦ壡
ŷϴ͹ƴС
Ҫ
æ֣ХһʱȬһȭݺݻ
ȭ죬һǰ֮ơ
Ȼȴ֣һҽǰն׾ն׵ȭնҪг롣
ģҪô
䣬ƾӡǿɱһҲѪˡ
Σ
һĮԾ촫
޿ƥеʥɱնѣ޷һλʥߵϢ
ݣ
һնХױһǡ
Ǿưɣ
״𣬵һʱͷųһʥսū
䣡
ʥսūޱ飬ʥڣһȭе⣬ͬռݶʼս
ߣ
ڰеʥЦܶѣҲס𣿡
һаɵĵ羪ƵնǾʥսū

״Уһʱ͵˽ŷϴ͹Ҳÿ죬ɲǼͺƳȥ
䡭
ʥսū޾壬ǿսһȭһȭ
ҫ۵Ĺâʱأ¡¡մʼѣͬҲ뿪һɲĿӡ
սūվĵطȣâ죬ȭ⾪
𣡡
һʥսūշȥűǧ˸Ҫռݡ
أ
ͻȻһֲޱߵϢݶһָֻг֣ɽһѹսū
ء
տʼ飬޼᲻ݣҪݻսū
ʥսūη壬ʮɵսӳսڰеʥˡ
ڰеʥ˲֪˭ʵǿ󵽼㣬һ˫ӨƸһ磬Ҫʥսū
⵽˭ѵ쵶ŵʥ𣿡Զŷϴɫأ˵
δأ˼ٽ쵶ŵƣɱҵȣź쵶žս
ܻʱ䡣
ŷϴЦʦոմ˫ʹõֶͨ쵶ţߡ
սūѣϷˡ
Ǳڤһ㣬ͬʱɱǾӨƴǧâսūΧס
ݣ
âڣݺᣬһ磬˲佫սūú޻֮
һƥƵĵâһֲС磬һӾͽսūˡ
ǿµĲţȫľ
ãˣ
΢΢һɫ䣬ŷϴ͹ƱȥһΪӵ˼£գۼͺ
䣡
Ѫɫ죬ʥսūȻӲˣܷԲһƬѪɫ纣Ĳ˿Ѫ
Ѿ·ˣռ䱻׷ֻƴȫסɳ

֮ϵ壬ĩգ
ǳ޴ķ籩ȻΪİʥսūԱƬСѵܣŰ󣬸
ɫʱúѪɫ
䣡
û˿ԥͷĶȫҪ׼ʥ
ңʥסһĿȵ
ã
ƺŷϴͷɾ뵽ڡ
׺ڷ裬ӳȫΪƵݵϡ
ˡ
ҫ۵Ĺâ̲صŭһµĽ⡣
סķ籩
ۣ
˹ͷ֪˶ٸɳȥͬҲɵһߣӿеȥ
ĳ˲ȥ
ǣҲס˸ղǹɾ޴ķ籩


411 δ
𣬷˴籩ײһ𣬸ɲǼع硣
˵ɳȥأ׵س˾󲿷ֵĳ
ۣ
һδѣǿĺ£

״ȫ貣ͷýá
ˡ
˲ӵϷٴͷһⴹסʣĹ
ߣ
֮ϣĮ𣺡ŽȻֳҲܵס
㵽˭
ŷϴһɴ󣬶ڹҵնա
أ
ռݼӲŷϴնٴΣȻûãƲС硣
ɱǵˣҶ˫֣˭ҲȲ㡣ĮЦһʥ
䣡
ʥʥ̫ˣһֽ˺ɨȥ
׼ѵվɫƽ
壬㻹ʲộһóɣһսūԱס
׵ȻϮɱҵȣǽ渴𣿡
ϷϾߣϧô˸ǧûܲġ
һģӰա
ǧɵķӰɢܣ޾ʥ˱ƵÿѪ

Ǭ֣ͼסʥЧ΢ס޿ײʥ֮
䣡
һӨƴץǬ
ն
״һЩ裬ȫ뵽Ǭڣһݺᣬջһ޴Ľնֲֻơ

ƽ䣬һӾĥеĽ⣬̶ܷĦ
أ
һʥˣͬҲĥ
ã
ɫ䣬Ǭ󶼵סԷĹǽվΣյľ硣
أء
һľ֣һƬƬֻѣǬ䳹ˡ
ಣ
ɫ࣬ɫգȻҲˡ
ŷϴǿһջɴ󣬾ͱһĻǧɣҷ˰
ŷϴ͹ƶʱ¶֮ɫ
ѵ
ѵվҪ
Ҳģ
ŭϵޱȻǣվȻʼһ˿ϡ
ţ
ǷӰ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫɫ䣬˫Ŀһ⣬ֱ˹ơ
Ȼߣ㲻á
׿ϵһ˿⣬ԭĮȻɫʱһϲһץסˣķȥ
ڸղţصޱ͸С磬βƵСһϸ졣

ǣһ˲ӳʮ񽣡
磬նǾ޴ƣͬʱǿżѵΣգ˳С
ߣûôףϷԭϷˣһڿûҪˡ
ۣ
ֱͦͦӿнԭֲʥٴοٱһ纣ѹԿ£ѹ׵塣
ɣ
޴ƽ䣬һӾеĲ񽣣ݺѹ
ģ
ɫްĴһ
ʱҲѾˣûз֮

صʥߴЦۼҪСڡ
̵ģԴСһʥ߰ȻС֣֪ܣ
ͻȻ䣬һ˸Űɫĳǹ͸С磬һصס˺ˡ
䣡
ǹֲƶײһ
ֻһСʱͬ⸽ǧһͬ𣬿ռ𣬴ǧɣһ㡣
ʲôˣ
һصʥߴŭû뵽ͷȻ˵ңȳˡ
٣ӽû֪˭ˣһӦգʧ
ߣ
һģӰڰУ˿ףɣôڿ񱩵֮С
˭ɫĳǹƺˡѵͻȻ䣬ɵķӰһȻһ˿ѵȺ
ǣЩô島ϹϵˣĪϺ˴ʣ
ɵӰʧΧǧﳹױɷ棬һ龡ʧһ޴ĿӶڵϡ

֮⡣
Щ㱣ǵص˲Ϣߣգ۱֮ң
лǰԮ֡˲ع񣬶չһݡ
лǰ
ŷϴ͹Ҳæдл
лңҲ˵ġǴ֣һڰУһ佡˶Ӱ֡
һޱȸߴӰһɸߣһɫĳǹ
һ˰̣죬һͷԶŵĺһ㡣
ȻѾʥ֪Ϊǿ󣬾ͨʥߡ


412 ߴ
Уܵն΢΢ЩŤȻѾϢֻһϢ΢¶ؾ޷ܡ
ǰţ׹ʵ
󺺹һЦˬ˵ҽ䳾ֺζɣԼȡġ
䳾
΢΢һִ˵
ŷϴɫȴһӾͱˣɫŹֵСʵѵϺǰô
׶ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫʱҲ΢΢еһ˿ȡ
䳾ⲻϺſܵĵߴݺϺ֪ľǿߣҶҪԱһȺ
ҲûϵȳǵľȻϺĵߴܣϺΪ䳾
䳾ʼԴǶʥߡ
һ˶սλʥߣ˿·磬һŭ֮¾һСɡ
䳾¼ڹϺĺܹ㣬ϺȻϹ麫Уޱ޼ʵϺҲнٸɴڣٸڴˣ֪˶ꡣ
Ϻݺ˿ڼҲ٣Ҳмʮˡ
Щ͵ĵͷ·һƬ½˿ܼҷǧǡ

ԭǰΥǰʢЦһ֣ܿ˵
䳾ЦЦ˵Ҳ˵Ĵˣ֪еǸӡ
ǰˡ
ϻˣȥһϺ䳾Ըüͷһ˵
ȥϺ
һŷϴҲһ㶡
ǾֵҪ鷳СֵһΣϣȥϺһ֮䳾ͷ
ǰܼ𣿡
˿ûоܾ΢üͷʵ
䳾һֵۣȻܼģȷһֵҪСֵܣϣܸǾſһӡ
ǰӣȻҪģֻǡ¶һ˿ЦѾӦʦֶǰľԡʵǷ
䳾һЦֵð죬ȸһϺԺһԼʮˣȫǰ벽Ԫ԰ȫĻصľ
΢΢һ٣¶һ˿ЦݣǷģ·ģǾſܿս
˶һϲ
˻Ĺ֮⣬˭ҵϺſܣϺſǿ߻͹ƣǱȻһʧ
һλӣҲҵŴ˰
˵ӣǴĻʳҲԸǣݺϺǧ꣬ҶοĻʳ
Ǻá
һ΢ЦȻǰѾ׵ԵǰȥһϺ
ˬ죬ӣ
䳾Цһӱһ̨֮ʶԹ˵Եһһ
˷˵ץ׾̨߽գ۾ǧ֮ˡ
ŷϴ͹ߴܻѸ٣ôһĹͰ״ˡ
ʱ
ʮ˶ĺ̨ͨȫڵͷֻ˫Ŀ档
ʮǲǻᱣ㰲ȻصľһΪ׵ĺӱȭ˵
λֵˡ
¶Цݡ
һϺſϹϵػصľ֮Щǵı϶ǳʵġ
۾һЦпʼ㣬ҪһλᣬԼѸľվȽŸ

Ϻ
һ羰Сϡ
ˮտһ߼ʣҲ֪Ǻδ·ϺָоһСڡ
СѾаգ䳾֪ȥ
ֵУůϺɳ̲ϣĶ
Ϊ֪Ϻſܵĵطκ͵Ϯ
ˢ
ɳ̲һ࣬˸һǰ
Ӱ߳׾ȵ䳾Ȼ档
һݣҲǼλܣ䳾Ҫļλǿߡ
д˵ϺһΪͨ쳹أʥ·˺ԶƺϾҪﵽ˵е龳
λǰ˵
۹΢΢һɨ˼ģ
ǰһλֵͷһͷѩ׵ĳƽûһ˿
ȱ
һ۾ϳֺͷݡ
ȱ壬ǿߣľ磬Ϊ
ȱӲɻԼĳֻһͷͨɾһ磬Ϻ壬Ϻ뺫Ҽδսʵʡ
ȱһλˡ
Ϳȥʮ꣬˫ü޳һɫĳֻǱ䣬üһ˿ɱ
ϺޣFˮ
ϺһСĹȻʱұռ֮ʲ֪ʲôǧͽΪʥߣǿƶѪ¾ǧˣ˵Ѫ
ΪϺſ֮һе


413 Ϣ
ȱFˮ䳾
ܴΪǵݿԲ鵽䳾Ǻҵʥӡ
֮⣬˵ݾԵ÷ǳأҲûд̽˵ݡ
Fˮˡ
ϢƮ϶һ㵭ˮ޳ѰۣҲǵݡ
ֻܲˡ
ҲЩľ
һϺȻǷ˾춯صĴ£Ҳһ֡
ƽʱһλϺ޴𶯡
Ҷ޿κεˣжôǿ

ţðСǰ벻Ҫ֡ȱ΢΢һЦֺϾЦ⡣
ǰˡæ
λ뢣ײһ˿
ţһ߳Ժȣһ˵ɡȱЦЦһӣоͳһûʵĹ
ʥϢת
⻪ȱʵƴ֣к˵ĹʥҲ˵ϺſܵĲ
С롣
λǰ롣
һȺ˽빬䳾գգۣ΢Ц
Щɻظǽ
£žµĲȷϡ
ϣ̳ơ
һλźţһЦΪһơ
СѣȺһȱӡ
¶֮󣬻ȱ¶һĨЦ⣬΢죬ƺѾˡ
СѣһҪæȱЦЦ˵
һݣϺſܶ޲ߵ飬ܰʲôæ
ݺϺǧ꣬ǿ֪ۼ˶ʿǶ㲻⣬ܰæ
ǡ
ЩǿԼѰ
ǰʲôҪæ˵ܼķΧڣᾡౡ֮ġ
䳾Ц޵ʹ죬Ӿϲύѣֵӽˡ
FˮһۣСߣ˵£
Ŷ
䳾һͷ
ȱЦЦ˵СѹСѰҵһСڡ
ţ
ȱ΢΢̾ϢһĿţϾͨСѾǴ硣
ʲô
䣬һʹ󺰳
ȱ⻰̫ˣŹǾ
Ϻ˵򣬻õһܶԸ˵ĵô껹ûϺſܵʱ򣬵һܹһ˾뺫ǧꡣ
Ǻεȵʵ
˵һܵΪûдﵽ龳ҲԶˡ
ڵһܵĴ˵֪ܶ࣬ݣŮҲ
׷ߺܶ࣬ϺСΪȻŭȴҲΣܲܽЩСϴɡ

ȱͳĻ˵꣬༸ɫҲúأ䳾һ˿ġ
׿˵ı飬ԼҲľսϺǳʲôʣϺſܶ޷ƽ
˵ҪȫȥԸǣ
ǺǣСǲҲеܾȣȱЦһ̾һ
š
׿Цͷ˵ǰΪΣգʸԮ֣
еġ
ȱҡͷƶΪѰʦѰ˫ΨܾȳǵĴ硣
ǰ˵æ
ǰ˵ȥһԶؾ̽գգȥ绹ûй
λϣ¶һ˿֮ɫԼʱѾȥһ꣬ǻɴ飬ҵȾֵܲŲʣ
ȥ޷ҵǴԶؾǴؾھͲϺķλҵҲ֪ȴʼѰڡ
ȱ̾ҡͷΪֻ֮СѵѰϣͨСѵѰҵؾڡ
׾ţȱ˵ʱ˼
ϺſҪԼæȻ򵥣ѵĳԼ
ѰһСڣѰʦԲ̫ѣȱеԶؾزһС硣
Ҫûһ̶Ŀֻ꣬дŵΧ
˺ܴѶȣǷΧ֮ڻãԶһЩֻҲδҵõ
ȱһھƣص׳˼Ƭ˵СѣһΣҲһΡ

һ
ȱɫȻƽ˵ǸյϢ֮󣬺ӭȢ
ʲô
ɫһӾվ׻ƵĿŻȱһ¶źͽ֮ɫ
ԺУɸֳһݣһϮµľŮӣ۽Ǻ׷ֱֻϣгһطꡣ
һĻ
Ƿ飬С


414 
ڡ
شһԣˣһһЦռļ䡣
ǸƽȻϾŮӣеĵλ
ģ˼Ϻ㡣
ǰ·ֳһΣЦд⣬ǵһ仰֪˶顣
λ׵ŮԼ¶ҲԸ׵ﺫҡ
Ůӣù

䣡
ȫɢһɿ񱩵ƣһɽɫѪɽХͷǹǣҡֱϰɣյɫ財
ڷ裬ħһ㣬ǾǿϢûȱ˶¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵Žǿս壬һ治٣һ˻Ѫ
³ʥ֮⣬۷벽ԪʿҲ˵Ķ֡
״𣬾طйţ˫Ŀ죬߻ħ
磬㿴
䳾¶һ˿֮ɫæʵ
ȱڰ֣˵赣ģСֻڷйǼᶨڳˣ߻ħġ
ǰ
׵ͺԿģ
ȱͷ˵ҵݣ˵ٻ
ӦңӦȥȫҵǰ״Ŵͺ
û⣬Ҳ̸Ĵۡ
ȱԥͷ˵ʱոպã˵ʮ겻Ǳضˣȥǻʱ䡣
ҲȷҪɹʥ٣ͬʱӭȢϺҵһμ
Ǳ֮ڣҵǴ磬ҵֳֵֻܱȳ
ãҴӦ㡣
ϵͷһᾡȫҵԶؾڣϣλǰܰҡ
һ侲
ģȻʹʱҪξȳܣƾ߽𽣶ʵ뺫ҿ⡣
ԼϵһֱܺõļңҲΪһζŮ֮ȥһĹҡ
ϣֻܼиϺſܡ
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵ģҵֵܺХǧ꣬ͷģᱳŵԡ
ңȳҵȴֵ֮Ը⣬ǽΪֵܣΪֵܣҵȱֺңȳá
صصͷλǰȫȥؾڡ
֮ҽϺͳĿǰδеļ;
Ŀ򴰻ҹգҡ

ҹǵ㡣
ȱȥֻʣ䳾ס
ߵɳ̲һ˾ţͷɳȥԶϾСʼǰƣǴЦռġ
֪ʱ㣬ǷҲһ㣿£¶һ˿۵Цݡ
Ƕ겻
飬һôõ顣
ߣҲͬôɣǽѡңұزʧ
΢΢һЦͻȻһƷץסһ̳ƣ㿴䳾һ
ģ
䳾𵶵ɳ̲ϣž̳ӾͿ
ǰûϢ
ϻĸϢ벻ɱ䳾Ц
ײҡͷЦûô˵֮ҾͻӪȳ
䳾Ц𣿡
ⲻĵ⣬ǱȳҵŮˣһӴӲԼź顣
׵ЦţȻңҾͲʧ
˵úã
䳾ĴָЦ͸ˣɷ͸ÿ֮ΪͷɱĺȺ׳Ƭײ
׶ʱһЦ
Ҳ֪䳾ô뺫ҷλʥӾȻ˳޺ңΪϺſ֮һ
ײȥѯĵ⣬ףݺϺľλǿߣйһ¡
ǰд͸ܰ͸𣿡׳Ƭ̣ʵ
û⣬ͷʲôҲ̶Ѩ˵䳾Ц

֮⡣
һеԼ뷿ڣ˫¶һ˿񾲵Цݡ
ôȥˣ㻹ǵ𣿡ϵĻ
ֻģڵӢһ˿Ц⣬˫ĿЦ
ףǿԵˣ
ɬһЦͻȻоƺһ΢Ϳϳһűֽ
űֽʱסˡ
ãȻ£޵һƵģȴҧûз
űֽϣֻһ֣
ңס
ޣˮʪֽһôĳʵô㣬еĿֻź;ȫʧ
֪ϲǸˣ


415 Զؾ
ˢ
һ̨ڰУӰ߳
һƬİĺȻҲϺ̤㣬յſգԴݿ֮ϯء
Բǧ·Գһ磬Ŀ񱩣һִ绮ҹա
׸Ϻλ˴
ˣλܣҲûȥѯȥȥҪˡ
FˮһףһɫᦳڰУǧɴСס챩ꡣ
ɫᦻס򣬷·һ磬ܼǿ񱩵ˣҿлƮŵ
ǺǣķζԽԽϲˡ䳾Цš
Сߣ밤᣿Fˮһۡ
롣䳾ŲӣæֺõЦ
΢΢һЦ˶ߣ䳾ԾǺϲFˮƺװͿ
ǰԶؾһأתͷȱʵ
λܶʱ¶ڨڨ֮ɫ
ȡ
ȱ֧֧ӦãžǸ֮ڰɡ
ɫʱһڣɫƵؿˣ֮ڣǰȷû˵һ֣
ȱҲ¶֮ɫЦȷûǴԭҲȷķΧλҵѰʦǺľҲֻŵķΧ
׷ȥ֮ڽǿ꣬Ҫҵνؾڣ̫ˡ
λǰûаա׿Ц
ȱҲЦһ֪СѾɣԭҲûб̫ϣ
ЦЦ˵Ϊ֮λǰһֺңҲ߾ȫѰڡ
ѰȥͬʱתѰظء
ˢ
ɫâ˫ǧԶͬʱɫڷɳһɫֲա
վɫڣ׿ʼأ¶һ˿ϣ֮ɫ
磬˵ܷҵôFˮ̾ʵ
ȱҡͷ˵Ҳ˵ãֻ޷ҵؾڣҲ޷ȥȴˡ
䳾૵ϣƽ¡
İɣıһֱţȻ˺ܶ࣬ȻûϨ˵š
ȱɫ㣬˵ֻҪţϣ

ʱɫƵطɫڡ
СѣΣȱæʵҲ¶֮ɫ
ĿתԼоؾھ֮ڣֻƮʱ޷סꡣ
ȱһЦܸоĳǾǺ£ҲСѿɰѰңҵΪ㻤
ã
׵ͷ
ΪõĻ͵Ϯããأ˫ۼ㡣
ΣҲҪҵؾڡ
Ϊܾ֮ȳԼİŮˣϺſһΡ

䣡
׾գɺͷ
ϥУؼƶţһɫ罫ǧﶼסˡ
ȫֶΣʩչ˽ɵѰͼͨأҳڡ
һХһ죬أؼһн
һգͷǧûȱ˾Ȳѡ
صѰʦֶѾԶҵЩϡȱ̾Ϣ
ϧѾչȥˣ׻ҵڡ
ȱҡҡͷɫ޷Ǿȴͺáһ٣䳾˵СߣСã͹һȥ
ţ
䳾ͷһɾʮԴԴϵشڡ
лǰ
׾һ䳾Ӵ֧ţýֶθӵ޼ɵ
ϡŹֵѰʩչۻҵüܶĿɿڴ
ҲҵѰʦȣЩ˵ֶμֱ̫΢ˡ
գۣʮȥ
䣡
һİ裬׵罻ӡ
һִȻնҪ׻ɡ
绯һʱ綼ǵߣ׷·Ҫɽһ㡣
ô£
ȱ˴ʧɫ׹⽫֣һɫˡ
ҴڰеĴǴǶʦöɵģҪ֮һ𡣡
׺УһܵĽɫȴڼ٣׹˺ܶࡣ
ô죿Ҫʲôȱʵ
λǰҵס׽٣ҪԵİһһѪ˿
ⲢǱ׹ˣǹʹ˽ɵѰǹɹڷɡ
ȱĿһȵˮ䳾˸𱣻СѣȥԸ׽١


416 Ǭ
ã
붯ȱ˷ɵУֲһֹס׹⡣
ͬʱ
Fˮ䳾ֱҡ
͹ȥ
飡
״ԴԴϵͲѰķɡ
ڷ·һȼգգۼͻٵз֮
ʩչϵУһ͵ĽɫС˴ü߳
Ӵûľ塣
ɫСһֳĽɫ翪ʼӳȥ˰ա
ʱ֮Խֲ׶ɽʱҪºܶ࣬ڰеĴ󣬿ʼȫת
ߣ
¶ЦҪľЧ
ΨǴתͨѰҵСռ䣬Ӷҵؾڡ
䣡
һֳĻ
ͬʱǧķɳֱǰеĽɫСˡ
λǰס
ɫһ䣬ٺȵ
ã
䳾ͷӦһ˲֡
һȭ޿ƥеʥɢеĻϤ顣
һּѣ׹ⱬʥڶɽһ㣬л׳֡
ա
׽֮⣬Ҳʼ֡
ɫĻĻһͼҪΧˡ
ϣӲΪǿۣ
䳾ȻһվԭͽɵٿȻаɴԶžˡ
䣡
޾ʥ󱳺Ȼʮֱֻۣͬʱȭһ
ԽԽľ
⵽ʲô󣬾Ȼ̶ֳȣع򣬽֮ת˼¡
Ⲣһǻ˻Ѱļ£֮ΪС
һѰʦɻУ޵£Բκǿߡ
̧ع򣬺н֮Ϊã龳ʿҲδǶ֡
ڿԿ϶󷨵ľһλԽѰʦĴڣϹʦеġѰʥʦ
ԶؾҲ֪һǾôȥġ΢΢иһİ
ΧΣգȫᣬڴˣٿֲĽҲ޷
ɫСڰУͨŹ׶ȫֶڲҴķ
ҵ⴦дҲҵؾڡ
ԼУϸϸѰתַʱһɷ֮Ҫ

״һ䣬ϾһΣһѣʮĿؾͳʧˡ
FˮҲ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
û뵽ŵô죬Ҳ֪ȷڶȫѰҡ
䣡
䳾ڶԸ٣Fˮ̧һӣ˲뵽ڡ
׶Ȼ˫ڷ֮ڣȻҧʳָָ⣬һѪȥ
һдһµķš
ЩţʶĴǶʶ
ЩŻһɾ뵽ɫڣɲǼɫ籩ǣһ
FˮһȻ׵Ҫݽˡ
ѰǰԵȻ˷Һػһԡ
FˮĬȻ˵һ䣬żѾ޽ӽʥ޾ѾΪҺ̬
һˮƵĹעڡ
Ǭ
ǽɫСһ˳˻صüġ
ʱѾȷķֻһ߼ɡ
һھѪǽɫСٴδü߳ǾѪ˲ںһ
һͨɫľӳУǧɣܿһ
Ѱߵֶ֮һԭ׵ʵǧ֮Ҳ޷۳澵ӡ
Fˮ޵ӳ֣ϾʮĻۣѰﵽ۷徳硣
׾Ȼ۳˵еġǬ
ѰʦȻ嵽˼㣬⿰ʩ˵ԪҲм˺
Ȼ˺ΣʱһϯȫʱһӲпܡ
ײ뿼ôˣҳַ˵
Ǭ֣׽ٺͻԽĿ񱩣˲ǧٱҪȥ汦
ϣˣ䳾Цɵݣʮֱֻ۲ϻ裬еĻٵ档
ۣ
ȦڣһھѪ
Fˮɫһ䣬æʵСû°ɣ
һЦֵû£ֻЩɶѣǰӳ֣֮˴š
Զȴ
һǧɵĻЯ֮ԼŨŨĻƵĺХ
Уһɵ׹⣬ݺͬǻ֮
FˮȻؿһۣЦصĴЩֶΣҺֵ˶࣬¡
ಣ
һܷȻеˮģ
ϰˣʲôӦ䳾
ڰ˴ܵԸܲ


417 
䣡
֣䳾ٴα󣬸ɣʮֱֻһͬʮ˵ȭХؼ䡣
һֻ˶ȭͷֱѹǻ
ڵڰ˴ܣ״һ
ڰ˴ŭֳһɵĿս񣬷·Ƶģֳֳì˹ȥ
֣ǻҲС
䣡
һǻ飬ͬʱɵ׹Ҳȱ飬غȻࡣ

ͻȻɫһɫͻȻâǣһâסһƬա
λǰ俪Ƭգ
״
ã
һֵֻĴִӿнǧɴֱֱذںɫâҫĵط

Уȱŭ
һƬǧɵռļӲ޾ʥȱ֪˼ŻƬռ䡣
䣡
ռ䳹׷飬¶һص硣
λǰҽȥؾڼҵױFˮ䳾һһұţɽС
ಡ
ȱҲ롣
Ŀռ䷨ǿǼ˸ս룬ռԶ£ˣٴλָԭģ
ԾǾſգҲʧ١
Ȼܶûע⵽ǽ뵽صС֮гּӰ
ǿӰվ͸ıƬһ΢΢һ֣֮ͻȻƽ˾ա
⼸ûмŶ֣סһƬգվȴš

һƬǿ¡
΢΢ЩʲôС磬һƬǿգһſǳ׺䣬ռ޴
ÿֲ
ȱɫأڵ
Ǻֲܿд߽ͨһƬСǿգÿһʵģ˰FˮҲ̾
׺Ȼǰĳƺűʸʬĵط
ʬĵطЩͬǽһƬСһƬǺӡ
ʸֻʥΪޣȻȴΪĹһߣ·Ƶġ
ȱĿ˵һλ龳ʿС磬綼ûֶΡ
š
༸ܶͷʾͬ
䳾ļתͷʵףҴ𣿡
ǡ
ҡͷ͵ֻǲؾĵطСԳһ磬ǬﲢԶؾ
ֻҵд󣬱ҵؾڡ
ȱСѿаҵ
ǺǣȻȻΡһЦɫš
ģ䳾æʵ
΢΢һЦ˵λǰʱҺ𣿡
û⡣ȱЦЦǶѰҳȻСհ
š
ЦЦڵǰǰǧǳ
ã
䳾ɹȥĶȫһȭȥǳѡ
ǰͷ㽫ٿǳڷһ״β˵
š
ȱɹȥ
һԸȫֻƬ̼䣬һС硣
һƬƬһ˾µûȱ˾ȡ
λǰء׿ں
ˢ
˷ɹָԶЦλǰ뿴ʲô
䣡
ʱ޾ĻڿգһŰɫŨĳһȥ
ȱˣҲһ𺳵ĳ
֮⡣
һſγУԶȥͬһͷؼ䣬ɢʥϢܡ
ҿЩǳС˰ǧǳһ𣬾ȻֻǧС䳾
ܶȣܸܵԼĿֲʥ߶ɡ
ǧǳóɵдǺεȵǣεȵΰεȵ𺳣
һؼ䣬ɢһȦȦϯС硣
ǻסæ
FˮһָɫᦻסˣƾȣҲ޷ƽ
ףôҪ⴦𣿡䳾ĦȭƣŸ߰ս⡣
š
׵ͷ¶֮ɫֲѾ飬ѾǣҪƣѡ
ȱ΢΢һЦСѷģǼ˵ֶΣƳһ󻹲̫ѡ
Цŵͷˡ
һλʥλ۷ʥڴˣдȻҲסȱ֡
𣡡
ͻȻ䣬һƺƵӴڴһɫɳ뷢ŭ𣬳
ɫ΢䣬˵ѣѾʼˣλǰСģֻҪȻҵؾڡ
ȱһЦFˮһף˵СʱϢ˳Ҳʶһҵֵܵʵ


418 δ
໣
ƬСڣɫ裬һӾʹӴڷɳǧƣĿ¡
ɫء
Ҳ֪һ󵽵ʲôɵģȻ̺ôϧΪ̫ЩʵõٵĽչ
FˮһԱףȱ˶ЦЦ˹ȥ
䣡
䳾ֱӻΪɵľˣʮֱֻ۴ӱ֩Ƶġ
ɲǼ䣬ƺƵʥϯС硣
ҲһμϺǵֶΡ
䳾ŭʮֱֻͬʱȭһӾͷʮɫһХս߰ȻЩɫ
ս˲䱬
䳾֮Ҳ֣һ˱ʮս֣չֲֳ˼ͨɱ˹ȥ
ڻȱȴסǧδ
һδϿա
ǺǣϷҲþòˣ֪һͨôȱһЦһɸ˲
纣ǿ󵽲˼顣
ϣɡ
䣡
ȱɫֵ࣬ĴָǣһµɱȻһٻ
ǴԽԽ˺Ѳ񷣬ѿء
СĿռ伫ļ̣ҲѸٵ飬֮£һƬƬջ
໣
һǧɵİɫХƵĳ
һʥ˶Ҫ㤵Ļͬʱ޴βɨȥմƬ

ֵ£ǧͨһ
ǻһµȭͷһ⣬һ޴ʯ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ŵؿŻȱչֳͨ
⣬ǽ𽣶Ĳ񽣣½̵ȭмҵ챮
ɣ
Fˮ΢΢һЦ˵
š
ɫȣɻǰôôɵĲ֮أѵ͵ʦɣ
ϸȻͨƣȴһFˮЦҡͷ
׶ȥ
Ȼǽ𽣶ĽǼҵͨȥȻһģһϸ۲죬ȴֺܷܹĵط
ΪЩͨ·һģҲ˵ԭһʽֻͨģɵľС
ҶõͨԪʼ֤ģָͨβһͨʩչһ𣬾ͱ㿴ģ
Ȼ
ȱ治Ǹһôǿʵ
ոշɳͷɫֻһҽУ˲仯һŻ
ȫ֣˲ǧͨÿһʥһ
FˮΪԺ
׵ͷһľңɼδȻ£ϧһ
ȱɫƽƺɨһУϺХİɫɨһƾͳŴȥ
󵨣
ͻȻ䡣
δдһŭ𣬶Сұǧ򱶣ıǡ
FˮһЦɫͷ΢΢һתлıɨȥ
̹ȻشɫڣFˮı˿Σա

ʱ
ս˰׳㻰
һ¡¡죬ǧͬʱը죬δ󱻺һ
ȱƴʱѹһϡ
һȦȦɢȥС綼ڲȱɫƽͻȻſһ衣
һͷڣ
ɲǼǧɴ󣬷һŻ˹ȥ
ž
ͬһֻƴӴڷɳһƽͷڸˡ
飬Ҳҵң
ȱɫһ޾һӱǧȥ
һ಻˿ۻҡ
콣ɵǧ򽣣ȱɵģ
磬ꡣ
͸ſµɲǼͱһգݺݵѹδ
ΨһǸϣ
ڣŭ
ܲյĻҲʼ졣
ǻ׽٣ǻ٣ǻ٣һɫľǽ֣һҪסλܡ
ߣ
䳾ʮֱֻۻ裬Ӷ콵Ļ飬һٹ޾Ȼͣ¡
𣡡
һ˳֣ɲǼǿϢǵأűɫס䳾
ͬʱһ׹⻯Ԫؾ飬סһܡ
޾绯Ԫؾ飬Ҳסһˡ
ڻȱԶԸ
Ҳ⻪ȱһȺǿĸֻ֣Ҫɵֵˣʣļ˲Ϊǡ
壬ȥвףŹһУŭ
ȱ΢΢һЦѣϷǰ𣿡δ䣬ȱֵʳָһ㡣


419 ųݶ

ȱһָȥһŨŨĺһ޴ǧɣδŦ
壬
ڣŭ𣬽δȻһһӴĻӿ
һֻ޴ƣݺݵؽǺɫŨץ顣
һƬƬѣȱڴϿգҲ΢΢һüͷ
δȻҪѲ࣬һȥȻûй
ɫʱ
䣡
һµɢգۼС磬䳾˼״һЦصFˮɫڡ
綯ŭˡ䳾Ц
FˮҲЦײʹñǱŭˡ
壬Ҫʲô
ƺҲ֪Σգ΢ֵش󺰡
ɱ㣡
ȱߣϺâһŨīһĺȥСеٶˡ
ǻǷһǽɲǼ֧飬һ
𣡡
һҰĺӻȱ﷢ڲͬʱһɫɳҪѻȱ

ȱ˫ĿɨȥڹһУɲǼ佫еİɫʴɾ
ˡ

СеĻδ
ԶԶȥֻܿǧﶼǵɫŨǾ޴
ͬʱȱ־һ١
е磬лϮ񱩵ϳˢŻȱ
䳾˿ľս
ٿȻ
һӴȥ٣ֱȱ
ɫʱһ䡣
һȽ𽣶κεĽҪ񱩣Ҫǧ򱶲ֹ
˻
ա
һ̴գֱֱشȱüġ
ӿȵɱԲ
ԶŵİɱĽֻʥʩչ澹ȻʥһFˮ
ҲʧɫԭóȻܿһĲ
·һ̳ܻһƬǿա
ؼ䣬ããɱ⡣
壬ȥɣ
ŭһ˳Ӱ׷ɣգۼһ޴Ľס˻ȱ
ߣߺߣ
ȱЦмطУȻֱӱɣҲ׼ŭ
һſŻ׳ڻȱܣһ׷ѣըһƬƬ
ģȥ󣬿ȥ޻ذ䳾૵
Fˮһۣߵɲ㡣
㣬ΪʥҲġ䳾Ц

Fˮˡ

𣡡
ȱٴŭ𣬶ֵĴֺݺһӣͨ𣬽н顣
˿񱩵ɱǵأ·޾һ㡣
ͻȻ
ȱһȫ·촷ۣһйͬһſŻ׶ֱ
ʱһ׵ӵ֮ղŻҪֲǧ򱶡
һ棬ֱӽǧ֮ػ硣
󣬻ȱͷɣȫǣԶŵһ㣬Ȼ
ࡣ˲𣬵˲ܱƵöñսҲ֪ˡ
ʱȻգۣŻȱͣ
󺰳ҿʲô
ʱڿ˻ȱϵıȻǴ˵еľųݶҡ
ųݶаǳ£ͨɫ΢΢ɢһ춼Ϣ
ף֪ʲôҲĴһǳԽʥĽ
ǻȱǰԼ𣿡״ʵ
ôܣҶʱõƾеľųݶңһΪ䳾˵
ɫӣǾ޴ľųݶҿͣ
ڻȱϵıÿһڵй˶İǲ˽ϵ
һʱеɣֱΪȱеıеľųݶҡ
״̫ˣ˵ϵʵڵģǼ˽ʼԴǣ
žųݶĿתؿ
䳾˶ЦΪǼЩԾ
ϵĽôܣԤϵģƺϵûȱеľųݶңֵĽ
ɵĻȱһԲ˫ץžųݶңݺһӾѹȥ
䣡
һѹŵϢʥ赲
ǾųݶɢµС綼ڱѹǧ硣
޴ľųݶңôڻǵδϡ
һȱȫ
䣡
δȫģɳٴһҪ赲ųݶҵĹ
ϵĽǰһжá
޾Ļ𣬴ڵŭ𣬾Եסȱȫһ


420 ʥ
޴ľųݶҳµĺۼ˸͸һѹʮĿ²
ȱֳϵĽΪӵۣ纣Ĳ
ѵü綯ŭδҲ䳾ĴЦ
䣡
ųݶҴŵɹ⣬Ȼһڻϡ
͡
ޱߵĻմըС綼սƬСһλ龳Ϊģֻһ֮ܽ
壬Ҫʲô
ڣ鷢ֵĽ
ȱĮԣǾųݶٴ׹䣬ֻ书еĻˡ
ǧδٴγǰ
飡
ȱͨɫâλķŭˡ
ϵĽ֧֣һХһſǳըڲϵıС
䣬Ըؾڣ㲻ҪĥҵǡУ˾֡
ȱɫĮһԲ޴ľųݶңٴκݺһӡ
ء
һſǳ飬δ󲻶ϵļСУһҷ
дǧ϶ɣھԵʵǰһƺҲûˡ
ȱͲЩİͨͨһ֮
ˣ
䳾ҲǳţΨٳʲô⡣
׽δһ
лȱλ֣δֲ̫ʱ䣬ҲС
໣
ٿȻ䡣
һɵİɫɳŭһɹɿµĻҪɻȱ
飡
Ȼ黹ǰͲסˣڳˡ
䳾ЦҲûãϵϽʥ£οһ顣

ȱɫ䣬žųݶң·ɣ趯ܲ͸磬ÿһλӶôƬ
Ǿ޴ˣ͵סȱĹ
壬ٸҶҳ֣Ҿͳ׻ؾڣԶȥ
βڣҪɻȱ
ߣ
ųݶҴβϣ쭳ƬİɫѪֵҪˣȴȻԼܶˡ
һȦȦɫɹ⽫ΧȱһųݶҾʹͷϡ
䣡
˲ҷ𣬶һſǳҲ̻
ʥߵδڻȱʵǰһ
ͬʱ
δʧ˲䣬׶ˡ
ٿȻһ´ɫڷɳʩչѰɫâ˫ͬʱFˮΪӳ
һ޴ľӳУסһƬա
ۣ
һѪ΢Цҵˡ

ܶЦ
˷µʱ䣬ҵԶؾڡ
ã
ȱ˴СϵľųݶҲʧˣЦ˷ҵԶؾڣҪлС
ǰˣ˵֮ҲҪǵİ
䳾һЦ˵û⣬ֺ֮ĻúҶ档
䣡
ʱͻȻһ޴ƾճ֣ɢȫڻȱ
ƼֲһӾͰ䳾档
أ
䳾ŭ𣬻ɾˣʮֱֻͬʱ裬ž޴ƺȥ
Ҷ
ȱɫһ䣬һŭХҪ֡
ȻʱֻƳУȫɢǿʥϢǿѿ񷡣
ǣϲģ
λɫ䡣
Fˮһסףͣ¶ɲ֮ɫ
ȱѾɸߵķµƶԻһΡ
ߵշ˴Ҳȳ䳾ˡ
䳾ܼٵĵˣȱóųݶңɨֲֻơ
أ
ֻγɺϻ֮ƣȱΧ
ͬʱ
ģӰֻ֣Ǿͽѹüγʵʡ
׵ɫҲһ䣬Ŀ¶֮ɫĵʩչѰ
ë
䳾ȫѪһˡ
ǰ벽ʥȴҲ޷סǿֲһƣֵǶôĿ¡
FˮɫСѣǵ鷳ˣǺҵλʥ
ǿ˵ǵĴ׵ͷĿҲ
գ汰ɡ
ȱסһԼҲɳȥһ˿Ѫ
λҲˡ
ߴӰУ޿ƥеʥϢϯһУƺƵ
һλܴߵȻһЦ˵ǽ֣νɲɡ
Ǻʢλʥÿһ˵ʵǿȻȲϵһܣÿһ˵ʵڻȱ
˿̣˾Ȼˡ
ϺſܣҲӦôˡһλʥ˫Įؿڵ


421 Ѫ
ֲѪᴩС磬λʥվһӰģȴԶأǡ
ϲģǾȻҵˡ䳾һȫѪȣסơ
λмĺüͷȵ䳾ǺôҲʦ壬̫ˣ
ʦ壿
䳾ЦĿ͸ſ̹ĵĳ޺ɱ⣺Դʦ֮ǾͲҵʦ壬һŵĿľǸ𡣡
Ѿħʦվ㡣̾Ҳ˲ĮȻ
ܣɫĮĮƽ˵սܡ
£ƾǣ
ȱЦɵ˵ں棬ɫľųݶҳУտʼ΢΢Ĳ
Ǿǿǵأϯʮء
ȱȻҵ˸ɱǣȻ̣жԸİ취
΢΢һЦͷһɳ
䣡
һѹŽδĵҫС磬һ졣
һѪƵĹӴ󶦣ʮ㣬ԼԴӴϿܿǳʱʱ֡
һѪɫĹâס˾ųݶҵɫɹ⡣
ǷѪ
䳾̲ס϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һλ۷ʥ߶µķ׿֪жôֲ
ʵϣڷѪĴһҲİ
ǻĹʱ򣬺һλ죬һһ⽫龳ǿ
ʱʶʼԴǣŹĿ꣬սʤԶ壬ʵҲ½㡣
ǿǶҪռŹǡ
ʱĺ֮Ȼɱλ龳ʿһǿ߶֪ʼԴǵĿֲ
һսǳ֪˶٣ֳַ֮ѪӲλ龳ǿߣǳ¹尲Σսһֱ

ѪǰȱɫҲ͵رˣʤһɫɹ⽫ӣɢסˡ
սһˣȱֳ־ųݶңɫأɫؿźλʥ
ʲô𣿡
ĮڣǴ綼ʧˣϺſҲӦõ˽ʱˡ
䣡
δ䣬ǷѪ΢΢һСʱʼΨҶϢתɱ졣
һѪɫɹϯɨС磬õѪɫâĿֲ
ȱɫ䣬նžųݶңѪӲƴһǡ
䣡
ȱ˳ȥһ˿Ѫ˺ſסΡ
ղµϢתһ˿΢Ϳ׽벽ʥĥ
죬˭߲ˣ
ʥ˾㶼Цƹ
ǷѪתһɹѪɫɱ⣬ᴩ˾ʮأɱֱʥߡ
ȱŭɵζţ־ֳͨ־ųݶҵסλʥĹ
ıԴ֮ж٣ȱ˭ҲȲˡմЦҷ衣
һȣһƵγһͷ޴ֱȱüġ
飡
ȱһĳ䲻һѪɫâ㽫֮

λѪ߰ߣѪ
磡
λܶС
䳾һ˿ȥæȴFˮɫڣá
㣬ʲô䳾ļ٣Զȱ޲Ϲȥȭ
ȥʲôFˮؿ
䳾һĵ˺󼸲Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ仰˵ڡ
Ǽ˭ȥȭﲻȱ
ʥĽҶн˵ʥڴ󲿷ĿжʥУֻǴŵϡ
ϼһֳַѪҪһˣǼ˶ɵ
ͣ
һѪɫâһ⣬ȱһֻ첲նһѪɫɹ⽵٣Ҫɱȱ
𣡡
ȱŭɵķɢֲѹųݶ߻īǿסʥľɱ

ţ
ԶɫڣʣĴɫù
ʱȴȻǰ߼
⣡
ٿȻ䣬ڱһɲʥߵϢǽɫѪҡɣԼٶлš
䣡
һſǳԶٶȻ˻ȱǰ档
ɲǼڳδ󣬺ؼ䣬ӿĻա
ǰߣ
״ͬʱһ澵ӶסһƬգæؾţǽȥ
ã
Ĵ֣һĺһӾͻһƬա
ˢ
ʱȱҲˣֵĴһץסǼˣɵݺײȥ


422 ϵ
䣡
ȱɵڵƵӿһռƬڣƬ˲£
أ
ԶѪɫɹǵأһӾײõδ
λʥɫͷŷѪصһһƬƬǿ
ףСҲҶҵȳ֣µС粻ϵѣۿɼٶڱš
۾Ž廹һܷɳˡ
޷һоУΪʥ֮ͻıԴ֮ںѪ
ɫƽԶǿգȻȥɣ׼ԸϺſܡ
š
λʥеһ˿
ԭʮþȵ飬Ȼһʿƻˣ˷ɱܣԺҶԿɲʲôϢ
һûȱ˾ȳԶؾڵĵһܣʱϺſ֣ǺҲҪͷۡ

סؾ𣿡
һȺˣУɽĿԴ䣬һɽǧĿȺɽصһ߼ʡ
ȱϢָͨģ΢΢һЦ˵лСҵֵ
ЦǰˣֻԾౡ֮ѡ
䳾ʵղһĻôģѵѰ˽

ЦŽͣȱǰȻĥδ󣬵ǴûгɢֻǱѣɢǿո
ʱλǰǰΪҼӳ붯Ѱǵ󡣡
ѾǴ֧һϢѡ
ܵͷŶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǹؼʱѰֻ֣³˻ȱ֮⣬FˮǶˡ
˵ЩǵǶǷһ
ףлҲ˵׻ʲôҪæľܿڡ
䳾ֵ
FˮҲͷЦ˵ֵܣ֮Ǳ
Цŵͷ
ϺſϹϵˣλ˼ɣ鷳£ǳ

ֵܣҴ𣿡ȱ˾âɲǼᴩؿռ䣬ﳤ
ֵĵطȱջĿ⣬üͷ˵
磬ҵ𣿡䳾æʵ

ȱҡͷ֮ڿдУɽһһϸ֪£
ǼϸϸӦһɫҲ䡣
ǰ֪ʲôؾ𣿡ʵ
ȱЦҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪˵ȥĵطգûҵ㡣
׵ͷͻȻɫһ䣬һɺƵȫɫʱúܹŹ֡
ǣ
ȱɫһ䡣
ǺȻоںȻһİϢ˵ǿȴء
ɹϢɲǼռȫȱɫࡣ
ֵܣǡ
׶ͷϲ飬һ糱ˮƵӿĳطԿЦһλǰģû£ֻǡ
δ䣬һŵڴϵڳˣ򶼲ɡ
ˢ
һϹؿʣ߲Զɫâصڷڡ
ȱ磬ӳâҪ͸
âսӽɫ壬ͱһεĥˣ䲻ǿȴܹ졣
λǰҪ֣ҵս޳ˡ¶Цݣæ͵
սޣ
ܶһ
ȱȫһ¶֮ɫ
ѵǡѵǴ˵Žߵɫ𣿡ȱɫ䣬ɫ忴ͣ
ʲôۣ۲塣ɫڣ
˵ģÿһλŽ󣬶һ޵еսޣһһ߹򣬾¡
Fˮһ𾪵˵
ǶżԴɽսҲ֪һ˶ΪһϵۣУֻһ
ȱ˿ɫ壬Ȼ֪һС
ͬʱҲװ֡
ΪԹżأŽ嵱ʱжôȻһ߳սޣؽоɾ磬һԼȳ泼
׵սޣ
ȱ˵Ŀʱùֵֹأǰˣֲʵĸо
ѵǧ֮ߵλ˽
ԻĹ֮󣬸˰꣬ѵҪһλɵŽ
䣡
ʱһҡǧɣеɫâԾ˵ٶʧš
ʧǰһͷߴСޡ


423 ħ
һͷ滢һɫβ͵СޣСͨɫһ˫۾ԣȥǳĿɰ
¶һ˿ЦݣȷսޣھħȪͷ޳һģһС˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲ˰β͡
ۣÿɰСFˮ˫ĿڷŹ⣬ܷܷһ죬СϾͱڻ
㵨̫ˣ֪˭𣿲ҪôңŮܲװ
СFˮţѳ
Ƭ̺һĽϵ۸ճͱһŮ˷ˣһе۵㰡
״ЦСһĪиУԴĸо޷ܽ͡
ˮҪ֣컹ֵܡȱ
ϡܸоͷ޵Ĳ俴СܲСݷһ򶼲Ϣͷųֵܵ
ŽսޣŽһͬɳ֮ɱ龳ʿɱ
ȱҡҡͷ׼ϣ겻ѡ

СϣôóˣԼϵϵۣײЦʵ
˯£ȻҪˡСһ˫Եܿȥ¶Իʮľ֮ɫ
ףôˣҿǶСϾȵؽ
֪ʲôط䳾æʵ
ƺϵۣлл
䳾һڣСһҲ֮Ϊۣеϵĳν
ԭϣֻӡ˶ѡСţһֻСצָ䳾۽֮Եҵ˳衣
˳裿
䳾ƣǳ鴤ţٺЦŲھտ㣿
иԣţ˳㹻ˡСϴЦ޾䳾в
䳾۴Уһճô٩ͷֱðֲܶСϳ֣һƽԶһƬˡ
ţЩµģָ㼸УʱؾͿԽ龳ˡ
ȱFˮЦѵÿԿ䳾Ա񣬶һһͷƺСޡ
ϵۣ֪ʲôطȱ΢΢һЦʵ
֪Сȱסصͷ˾ʵպϡ
һ仰˵꣬Fˮɫ䡣
׶¶֮ɫ
Сѵƾһ˫۾ܿȱҲ̫˼˰ɣ
ȱԼҲ΢΢һɫָ糣΢ЦǹŽصսޡ
ǵȻСͷǵ⡣
ˣǵʲôطλǰ˵ġΪε̾ʵ
СͷϣܣСһһſƬ̺ûػشħ£ܷһطû뵽ôưˡ
ħ򣿡
ǻȱʶ㣬Ҳδ֡
ǣһͷˮ㶵ؿСϡ
һȺûʶˣҺбۺճСֻצӲվͷָ㽭ɽ
ϵʾȱ΢΢һЦ˵
磬ҾСں˵ɴһᣬ϶˵ʵˡ䳾ЦĿⲻƵضСϿͣ
Ҫ˵ȱ
һһС϶ʱмܲסˡ
Ȼս޵ļ䣬뻪ȱЩ˱̫Զ
΢΢һЦҲýҴ
ߣں˵ھͿԸ㣬ħ嵮֮һԶųħмλǿߣڵħġ
дŽħ壬սһΣԷǿΧɱһսħˡ
ô
ϵۿܣֻЦǵһսҲûлطڵΣƺħˡ
ȱԶһ
Ȼħ֮һֲÿ͸һɵѹϢ
ħǿʼԴǵʿв֪ġ
Զʱǿ֣ǿ߲ħͳŹǳꡣ
֤ħжôǿ󣬾ǸĹҲ
ΪûĸĹҿͳʼԴǡ
СϻԴЦħѾˣ϶ҪöѰ𣿡
׷ŰۣҸղѾ˵ˣ˵ġ
ˣ˭ô󵨸ҹһħѵĻлŵħ𣿡
Ҵ硣
ȱҴҵȾġ
ŶСϵͷĴȻЦ˵ҿԻƵħĵͼʲôô
кǿСһ
СһȻҲϲûٵģ޳Լ洫
ȱһҲһ
ô
Ҫû


424 
ɫãȻ׼ϵޣһֺܲʵĸо
ǾȻˣ
ϺλܣǴɣӶẫҵ̶ӣݺϺ˸ǡ
һճ޹ǴȥϺ
ʲô
䳾ݺݵؿСϣСһҪǣ
ˣӦøҵı꣬ѵҪѸǻƵͼ𣿡
䳾ָСϣ鱯ߣףս̫޳ˣһǿҪԵͷ
΢΢һЦ˵ǰŭҰǽѵ
ţѵ
䳾סصͷ׵ƷǺŵġ
ЦЦԼϵСϳôԳû̫ˣ̫ʧˣȻҪҪһЩЩǰҲģԺǧҪ˵ֻˡ
ףһ޳ܡСϷŰۣ
ݺҲ
ȱ䳾һһֵ̾ܰǿˡ
׹һЦգ˵λǰǮˣСһЩҲӦõ
ܵĿʱˡ
ĺڣǶǿ
ȱϵۣҪʲô񣿡
СϹһЦԵ˫۹µһת˵ҺΪ̫ˣһҪŵħ壬Ǿ鷳¼ͨǸǷá
ţҸֵսūɡ
ȱĿתһӣ˫սūһ࣬һʥ
˺λʥߣսūҲã͸ֵܰɡ
лǰ
״ϲæл
¡ȱЦЦսūľӡǱĨȥ׿սūԺпԼľӡǡ
ٺһЦһսū
֮ǰ͸սūѾʹˣԭպʥô졣
лȱ͸ǿսūͳ׷ſġ
պʥߣҲһս֮
սūԪΪȻ޷ӳǰʵҲһʥ߷
ˣ㡣Сϴߴٵϻ¶ͷ֮ɫ
FˮĿⲻƣóһЩ͸Сϣϡģһҩ
ǰˡЦе
˵գ޳ܵļһҪʲô䳾ݺݵؿǣŭ
º͵Цţ˵Ҿǰͷ۵ܴͨܲڸ𣿡
ҿ
䳾һӾըëˡ
СʨӴ󿪿ڰҵͨҪ
ǰûаҵѰһŴֱɵͨҲ᲻ͣҺİ
ĸƨ̫޳ˣս޶Ҫ޳ܡ䳾ܱߣָ״С
ҵ˳裬˵עһ㣬ô޳ˣٶԱ񣬽㿴š
Сϲˣͷϣָ䳾ͺȵ
ӻлˣ䳾Ц
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵ߣͰͨڸֵܰɣֵʺͨ
ðɡ
䳾ΪԸؽͨףҴ紫ڸҵģսӦԸƵͼɣ
Сһ̵ı飬Ц˵˵ۣͯھΪǻƵͼ
䣡
һ޴ɽʯȱ˹һֳָ˼飬ÿһ鶼⻬羵Ƶͼ
Сһ⻬ɽʯϣֻСצӼķʱһ临ӵĵͼͻƺˡ
ֻ˼׼ϣߵƺˣҸ˵ǵħĵͼ
лϵۡ
ȱְлλܸȡһͼϸ
ˡСϴߴ뿪
ȱ΢΢һֵҪ뿪ħ򣿡
׸ոѾõСϵĴҡͷЦҺСҲڵħ򴳵һۣ֮ʱҴλǰ뿪Σ
ҲûȥˣȱЦЦãСҲҪעⰲȫ
ţǰˡ
ȱ룬кâ˸һ˵СΣֱ飬ұ㡣
лǰ
ҲЦˡ
ܸ𣬴СϳԶȥ»ȱ鿴ͼ
ҿǿɶСˣ䳾߷ߵ
ȱЦЦϵ۲һҶսֵиˡ
Fˮһʵѵֵܽɾ𣿡
δ飬˭Ҳֵ֪ܵ츳ǣһǿաȱ̾


425 
ʱ֮׽һͺͺɽϡ
Сϲֵվļϣһпʱ˲ð۾ȻѡʱһںóԵĶûУʺƵطħȻûн֮𡣡
Ϊ˵ͣһҵĶ죬㶼˵˰ʱˡ
ôŶ೤ʱ䣬ҷˣҷֱ˵СЩ߳ŭ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ô̯ôһƷˣǰζŴɽʺĵطһⶼԲϡ
ף磬ҰˣҪȥָһ·𣿡
ȥӵأȥʲôֵǮı𣿡Сһ䣬˳
ʲôط
ħʮ֮һܵɽսٻغϣػбء
Եһ䳾ڸҵͨ룬˵
ϵ֮Աǣߵªѣֵһᡣ
׺ߵ֪һͨ伮㶼ᣬҪڸҼУ
Ԫ˵һ̫ͨǷڵ޷
׷ۣȥϵۣϸϸĦ
ͨڼڸġ̹ħͬ˵ɾҲһһͨ
ɽۣ
ϵģһϹʧʡ
׵Ҳģ￰һƬأûκСȥйһȦ
ʱ󣬲Ѫɫ
¶һ˿Цݣȫź󱳳ֱֻۣ߳
䣡
ʩչ̹ħͬʮɵݣȫһ㵭Ľ⣬Ĳ
ȵļӲǶϣҲֻҳһӡ޷ˡ
ͨ׵Ľսǿʥ֮⣬뿪ˣҲ֮ս
սҲûãʥǰһ㡣̾Ϣһ
һλİʥ͵Ϯ˵Ҳûã֪Լʵ̫С
ȻԪҲֻĿʼʥ龳ż
Ҫ˵е龳ʣҲҪǧʱ䡣
ಣ
һϹԶգۼ䵽׼ϡ
ףħˡСƺӻġ
ôˣ
Ҹղģȥһ֣ڰ·ͻȻһҾ޴ս˵ħ򡣡
ʲô
Ȼһطˣôܣ֮⣬ôܽ
ҪħҪʵ̫ˡ
ҪһλɫѰʦмλʥ㣬ʹ򲻿ռ֮ڡ
ʼԴǵʿħˣǧˣҲ֪Ҫʲô
ɫʱ
СϣħֱˣЩħһƬƬҵ
Сϵͷ˵˵ҪѰػһλʼ
۾˵Ȳȥأ˻֮⣬طֵ̽𣿡
ħ
С룬ŵȻ˵
ʲôط
ȱսħսսħٶǿߣ޻ڣ
Сϵһαأһ˿ɣͽ
˵ȱΪһսħǿߣһս֪һսõħĻ̻̣ɾ
ʷûмصһսȻκһս
Сϵ֪ôʱħǿѾﵽȴӲеˡ
һ
˵ҲС̾¶һ˿˸еЦݣһսȱӮˣӮòңԶʼԴǣԼǿ
𶯡
һսĲңҲ󲻵һսжôɵŽ嶼սˣ֪ħǿͿֲ
ÿڰʱнһվ˼ȻѾˣôעһޱȺڰ
׿żϵСϣ΢΢һЦȻˣǾһ·ɡ
ǣǺεȴڣһעҪʣ֮ܶҲᱻС
СϹһЦСצָ򶫷߰ɣȥħһս
ߣ
׵ͷ
ȥȻ΢΢һüͷͬռѿˡ
׺ܹϣ˵ȶ
ˢ
һԾһɽѰϢضԶա
䣡
ֱӱ˺ѣһ޴Ĺսмÿһսµĺۼһɹɾ㤵
ʮս֮󣬼£߳һˣһ˫ǣƤεһϮµꡣ


426 ޳Ⱥ
Ǻ֮߳պ£սһħǿߣȫ˫ǣƤε
壬ݺܲһ㣬㿴˫ǴɫģҵСϴ
ʵڵħʵΣ
ǿһλǿߣģҪʲô
СϲؿԶ
һ֪ˡ׿йȺɵ졣
ħȥȷʵۺ񣬵һħеһôǿߡ
ħ꾿жô£ɼһߡ

һȺħХǿ߹ȥϡ
š
ĮصͷֹѰ
ǣ
һȺ˹شһλ˹ʵҪȥʲôط
ž
һ˲ߣ˫˸׺ݵһƾͰѴȷˡ
˫ĺ䣬ĮȻҪ㱨𣿡
²ҡ˴󺧣ں£ŵȫŰӡ
ȥɣֹȽһ
ǣ
䣡
һսХȥգۼʧӰ١
Ǻ껷ܣҹ˫ӥźͲ̣촽ĵĮ顣
ףɵ
СϺȻ˵
΢΢һʵôˣ
¾࣬ħļ֮һֹ꣬ǿ֪ж屻Ǽһóô˻ɵ
ã
ûһ˿ԥ
ֶԸˣû˿
䣡
ֱӱֱֻ۸һʥʮɵƵĳɱȥ
һ־ǿɱУֱֻ趯һ˸С
ߣ
Ǻ΢΢һɫʱúݶ
Ȼôĵӣ
һħ纣ȻһХһħᴩ
һȦȦˣ󺣷һ㣬ֱӱըѣ纣ХƵСɽƵ
ͣ
һ飬Ǻ䣬翴һƵĿףӰ΢΢һҲɱ
ħƵԣԿԱȼ۷İ벽Ԫ硣
һĳһܲգģһͬѹ
ն
װֱֻۻӶһݺᣬЩɫȫն顣
ҲХһһɽ֮˹ȥ
䣡
һɽУݺᣬֱѹգɱȥ
࣬Ҷҳ֣֪
Ǻŭкâһ
ħǣһɹճѪɫ˴ӳɲǼǧڿռ䡣
ϵ£ȫǺƵħ

ͻȻ䣬һ߸ߴģĹһԣɢµϢޱȵĿ¡
Ѫħű䣡
ԶСϼٵĴǿһѪħսΪĿֲ
ȻǸʮɵѪħƽҵɱ˹
䣡
׻Űֱֻۣ֮Ծһ
أ
Ѫħһȭһֻɫȭͷֱӽ׶ס

һʩչɫѤý羪Ƶģһնֻȭͷ
Ѫħ䣡
ԶϥУסЦ˫лɬѶ
𣡡
ѪħŭͻȻ𣬴ߺɱ
׳ХһɫѪᴩգ⽣˿Ľ⣬ˮ赲ѪħĽ
Ƭձˣһʩչֱֻͨ۲ϳȭȫǰȭ졣
أ
һͷѪħƴŰӷ飬˹һȭݺ׵ĺϡ
Ѫħ޴ȭͷĺһ𣬶ʱʯཻľ޴죬ҲĽһġ
ţ
ǺʱޱͲб
ôӲпɲһЦסѪħǾأ
䣡
һںɫѪȼɫȻò԰ȵѪħű䣡
޴ѪħΧס
޿ƥеħɨܼʮնճħڸ߿Уϵתš
Ѫħ֣ϸо޴ѹ
һѵõᣬԽսԽ£һֱֻ۸߸𣬶ɽƵҲһѪħϡ
ţֻɫȭͷҲȫ
ۣ
׵ɳȥѪ
ַɹָȭ첻ϵʩչѪħսһ
Խ䣬ȻһվϺɫâһһ޴ս
ն
ǧɣôݺݵһ֣ҵնȥ


427 ħͨ

ɫݺᣬգۼǰǺڰϯʮأնȥ
ߣ
ЦȻȫʵͬһɹ
ɫɫֹâײһɽ޴ȥԶڵշ顣
׽Ųӡ䲻ݷضѪħļл֮ơ
ѪħӰΣظֻ޴Ѫƻ۳һֻµĴƣסס
Ǵڣ·ǧź
һĹϢ
飡
׺ڷɢһһ޴Ľҡϣס׹ľ޴ơ
͡
ѪɫĴƼΪֲĽڣĽ֣һסء
ħһ
ɫ΢䣬Ҳûϵ׵ʵȻôǿȻסѪħű䡣
𣡡
𣡡
ѪħŭаͷѪħһɫһͷѪħڡ
žŹһ
ŴѪħ϶ΪһɲǼħǣ纣ǿħֱӽױɡ
Ǭ󣡡
üڣʮ֣һǬԽԽԽԽǿ
ֱסǸаɵѪħ
𣡡
Ѫħŭһȭ󶼿ʼҡҡ׹ƺʱбѵĿܡ
󷢳һ˵죬籩ƵĽⲻϴӽӿѪħ˿ڡ
Щ˿ں£ĺܿ죬Ѫħûܵش

У¶ޱȲ֮ɫԳƵԾһ׸е㤵Ϣ

һɫĴӴбֱע뵽Ѫħڡ
䣡
ѪħϵٱһȭǬ󣬶ϡ
ȥɣ
ЦѪħӰΣһȭһȭЯħ
һȭϡ
ף
ԶСϵʱ¶֮ɫ
ǺʵȻ׶Ƕ֡
û£
װдȻһ͹ˣؼʱתɾķơ
డҶҳ֣һҲƳѪħҵǿѪħ
Ц޷ԶǲŰϢǵء
䣬ŵɳȥףһ֮߶Ѫħ
ͬʱ
дʣһ΢ɲĺɫâȻüϢش׵üġ
ģСģѪ䡣Сһֱ۲սǳԵ˫һűشȥ
ɫâֻСϢûһ˿ھŴѪħ֮У˿ۡ
Ѱۿȥһ
СĺâڣȻǧƳ棬ϵ䶯ţɢһɵϢ
飡
ʱƣǿǺâˡ
ţǺâȻɢǧͬϢ
ݡ
һ˸ڴѪħͬʱһɽѣɽֱ֮ӻΪǧ⣬еĺâ÷顣
ۣ
ۣ
һɹɶУƳǣȳζɲǼ䴫ܡ
壬ùƶ壬Щƶ䵽ϣɲǼͽһɵ
ߣ
ð⣬׾ȻסѪ䣬ɫԽ
Ѫħںϣ
䣡
Ǿ޴ѪħɳȥһӺͷǹǽ롣

УϵħȻǿٱɱ˹
һĳħָȻ͵ӤֲĽ¶Ѫڣҧס
СЦͨ٣ġͨѪӤǼһͨһϲ֪ɱ˶ˡ
ͨѪӤֲɭȻЦһֲĽХض
ն
ȫɫѪѪĶħʼɢӤҲֵؽг
һɫݺƥӤһ
࣡㵹Щ죡
Ǻ국һЦͻȻתȥȻ˿ս
ߣûôף
һĶȫӤ׷Ϻꡣ

걩ȣһںһ޴Ķޣֳսݺ
ģ
һȭ֮ǺߵӰ١
ôˡСϷΪá
Ϊңǿס
ûȱսūǿʥսūСϽµ
εղȺôƺ𣿡
ôˣ
Ժңúöһ̣ûбֶһʱ޷Щֲս֮ӵİնûС
С϶ʱ¶֮ɫ૵һʱˡ
ˣȥħɡ׷ۡ
ߣҴ·СȲĲ⡣


428 ħ
ݡ
״Сϣգۼʧ١
ȥ󲻾ãǺٴηû׺СϵĶԻ΢΢üͷ
ôѵ֪Ǽ飿ܣϵ漴һ£ħ嶼֪οࣿ
˼Ŀһ¶ɭȻ֮ɫ
һµĶ֣ԽĶʢˣҲ֪ʼԴһУɫһȺ콾֮һͨʿ
꣬ҲСʼԴ塣
ԭΪԼս˫ɨͬ콾ոճôһǿĵ֡
һֱսȥǷӮ
ߣ
Цħű侭֮һֻ־ѹ㡣

ħ׸ղڵĵطңԶСֻǵ÷Ժвȷеꡣ
Һãӵӡž
һ߸·ͬʱҲСϺܶ⡣
û뵽С컹ͦϣȻ˵˺ܶ࣬ǷϻһõĶû׳
Сϵ˵ǣΪ̫ˣ֪̫˶ΪãҲҲΪá
۵ǣСȻҪԶ
ϲ˼ʳ֮⣬Ϊ˽裬ҷ
֮׾˷ǧ衣
ԣ֪ԣôҲû㳤󡣡֮׷糾͵һƬƽԭ
ƽԭһ޼ʣĴ͸һɲɣɱ֮
ħˣһƬĴ½СԱȼ򣬶оػ
һսħ򼸺ﲻ֪˶ǿߣս֮Բǧ˸ҽӽ
СϺɫĵ棬ЦѾȾϺɫ֪ħǿѪȾ˴
֮ﱻ֮ΪħΪû˿ԿսȻǵɱֱǧ﷽Բ
˵һħ龳ħ̤㣬Ҳᱻɱ𡣡
㱻֮Ϊħˣʱ꣬ħɱҲˡ
׵ͷƺǰϡֳܸɽŭսǧһ֮õħûƢ
ǰԾء޿ƥеľˣ»õħʮ壬

߰ɣȥ߹·ľаСϴߴٵ
š
״ӿϺɫĵϡ
䣡
ӭһɱ֮ǿŭһǰš
һĴ½ʹ֮Ҳܿһ׵Ĺ֣洦ϻбڡ
ǶһɵĸɽһƴһСɽ
ţǡûз绯߹𣿡պ׿һ鷺ľ޴ӵڵϡ
ߵýһɫȴȻһ䡣
ʲôӣǲ֪ħ߹ǣǧɳȻѾûκԣʼռӲ
ȥûз绯
ĺòϡЦЦ߹װָڡ
СϽ͵ǻǿߣʩչħ֮һƻ飬ֻ߹ǡ
׵ͷЦЦɫ΢䡣
ǰԶѹѹһȺƵĺɫͨ͸ȴһּѹֵĸо
ޡ
Сϵ
֪׵ͷڷɳǼޣЩİЩʵȻȷɳǵҪǿܶࡣ
ߣЩħǿԹһȺǲǿ߱ɻɱԹȻܴ󡣡
СЦ˵͸һɲм
һν֪ǲ𾳱Ȼ龳ҪҲ֪ҲǰʣС¶֡
ݣ
СżһߣϺ⣺ս꣬һĻǰƣȻǽ壬Ȼħ塣
÷ϻֱӱֱֳֳֻɱȥ
ԽϲЩҲںúȴû̫Ľչ
׵Ȼ֪ͨһһϦͿԳɹʱ仹ܶ࣬ż
ɱ
͡

ɱĴ𣬱ɱϢȾˣһѧͨͨʩչʱ¡¡ܣݺ䣬һͷͷʧ
СϿýζסصͷа˵ʵսˮƽѾܲˣԽƪ̸
ǿȣӦÿˡ
С۹һѾصʼԴ֮󣬱㿪ʼͨ
ڽһеͨ
䣡
һ֮׽Ⱥ³һֱֻ۴ӺʧһУඡ
ߣСϡ


429 ħ
᫲ƽĹսϣ״Сϣţĺ鶼ھţŵλȱĴη޵еıʤġ
һߣǰ֮
һ·ೡս˼ǿȺǸΪֲԹ
һսܴܴЩͬؼʱһã֮нȳ
ɱȫޣ֮ǰС
ˣǾҪսĺĵشˣɵŽλǿ߶ս޹⣬˲֪ǿա
Сվ׵ļϣָǰ˵
ߡ
ɫƽ̧žߡ
ʱкȻһ޵Ļ׹ŷ֮е컨׹齵١
ȻЩ伴䵽ʱȴȻ٣ϱ̵죬Хһȫס
СʱһԵػһϹ˵Զ
׵ȻһЦȫĵӲЩҪ滨
һ޵Ļײ֮˿һƬƬȴ飬һƺ
䣡
ʱһɾ޴ޱȵĻǶſ񱩵Ϣһ޴ıӣֱӳ

Цһ֮һ𣬽Ƕֱն顣
Сӣ׼սɣħİ࣬ҲˡСЦżĺ⡣
ôˣ׽ɨеĻ飬ʵ
ߣ
СЦɽĶӣǱħ͵Ϯλȱ˺󡣡
ĬȻصͷкâһ
䣡
ʱͻȻѿһ޴Ļͬʱһɹɿµħɨǧ﷽Բ
ҿ
СϴУϽܰħĴ󲿶ˣǲǶ֡
ߣʱ뿪ɫ򶨣ԶǼʮ޴ħ¶һ˿ɱ⡣
û뵽ǵħʲôʱˣһЦһħڴ
ˢˢˢ
ͬʱһӰС
ħ壬ͬǵħʮ֮һҲŮ࿡Ƥף˫Ŀ΢΢Űɫ
ħ򵱳Ⱥɥ֮ȮΪʲôԣ׻δ˵ͻȻԶմһԽһơ
üͷ΢΢һͿһ벻ˡ
һĸߴһϮɫ۵ˣޱȣʾĵǿš
׷
һ
ôҲû뵽ȻƬսˣһ콾ڶ׷
Ǹصڵʥӡ
׷֮ǰӵǿˣǿʥ仹ûгΪʥҲԶˡ
֡׹֡
׷΢΢һЦͷֶδΪԽͨˡ
Ǻǣȣĳ΢ĩֵһᡣЦ
˶ʶȤûȥʶԷôģȻħ򣬱ȻǼа취ˡ
ߣ
Զһ޴Ļڣһλ磬༫信ˣ˫۰죬ɫĿ˸ɱ⡣
֪࣬Ҳҳ
׷ĿⶸȻһһ׻ҪǿƵˣһбһɫ׵硣
ޱȣЯź嫵ܣֱЩħ
󵨣
һϵһħڴһֻݵĴħڿһĨ㽫е׵ĥˡ
ɱǣ
ǿħЦһ֡
ݡݡ
һӰһħڷɳɫףеıȻһѰϸ
ɱ
ӿɱϯ
֣Щˡ׷Ӱһʹԭʧˡ
׷ۣ׷ǿԼΪʮɾˣŰֱֻ۾ͳ˹ȥ
ʡ
Щħǿսм˿Աȼ벽Ԫʿı̬ȻС
׵ӰһȺħǿ߼ŲָǽɫѪҡǧɣһǿĽⷢͲ
䣡
һħµħѹ
ʮħǿ߹ͬһҪɱס
Ǭ󣡡
üڣǬХɲǼаɴ󣬵סǶħһת֮
ɱ
׳ХһһȽӭħ
ţһǿȭӳ
Ծصȭһǰޱȵǿһ߾飬ʮħǿ̼䱻նɱ
ʱ
׷Ҳ˹ȥû˵ڷɳһִ磬ҵػȥ
·һ㣬ܼǿЩ޴ħסˡ
С
һŭ𣬴һħڴ


430 սħ
䣡
ħХأһǿӰһħڷɳһλݵʣƤͷˣϢаͲб
Цһָһ
ħָ
ԶСɫȻ
һɻɬϢսһֻ޴ָͷգָβ˲һħ
УȻըһϯܣһħ֮⣬κζڱըķΧڡ
ɽ죬˲ѿһ׵Ĺ֣մƬķ顣
׷ģ֪Ҫܶôֲ
֮ػ
׷гɫĹâ֣һԲػСϵɫͻȻù
ͨôˣСиһ䣬ɷϣ׷ȷǿ
ħָСϺһ֮ͿԹᴩһСǳ
ȻսĿռܼ̣طҪǿӲٱȻըշ飬
׷ӲĵסˣǵˣȻ

׷ģмŷ䣬ķ߶ɲǼ仯һųȵĻ棬к
ⲢͨĻ棬
ڽһ붯ıʥߡ
׷䲻ʥߣҲԶˣһ֮䣬㽫һһ

ħƻ
Ȼذϳϣɱ壡˫ħǿɫ䣬Ӱһħڡ

һħ飬֪˶ˡ
׷ĿĮ߶޾ҪһЩħ塣

ǿ᾵ߴŭʵ޾Щӭͷһƴ׷ϡ
ۣ
׷ɳȥһѣؼʱһö䣬Ŷסơ

ͻȻһ޴ĽסӰεƣֱӳ˹߶޴Ľ

ħʵǿһָ׵Ľ󵯳ǧԶͬʱʮħһɱסס
ģ
ħڣħ΢΢һޱߵİɫ±סëҲûá
մϣ׵Ƥʱ죬·ȼһ㡣

һݣεȼӲǶҲ޷ֺȴЩƷ
ЩѣҲңЦһɫѪԴԴϵסһħ
أ
ϳȭɽȭͷһȥһħֹ
ݣ
ͻȻ䣬һħѣ컨ϯס
ħƻ꣬Сģ
СʱעսһĻʱѵ
Щ꼫Ϊޣ֮ܣĺɫڿƮɢϢʴʿ񣬶ѸʿȫѪ⡣
š
ЦЦɫֻϣǧ˸һӾͽеĻˡ
ն
ȫ˽һһ޴Ľ⣬ɱ󳹵׷ϵ
ʱ
׷ħѾսѷ֡
߾Կʥߣ׷ͬΪҿ÷սʵȻвãҲûΣա
׿һ֮󣬱ջĿ⣬һЦٵٲƵģ¡¡죬նеľ޴ħ
ЩħħĹߣ󲿷ħ˶ˣֻһ޴ħڵֵ
ҶԱӳ֣ɶడ
һħڣ˵һɺ嫵ħһž޴ͷա
ħбħɨһС
ģʥ
ɫһڣæͷ
һ⣬˿һỬױ
ţ͵س˹ȥ
䣡
ͷ˲СɽƵĺبڿУһµĻ䣬ƿڶ
Ŀ΢Ľ˹ȥЩ伫ļӲȻ뽣ⲻ¡
Ҵӻв԰׵ֱһ⡣
ĳĹͿֲ
һ£Ļڿз裬һؽز԰׵ֱۣǳ˿ֻһӶޱߵج֮С
ǿ˴Ӿ޴ħ߳סЦҿ㻹ôֵɫһ䣬ģҾͲóôǴߣһֶֻԽɶѹ
񽣣򽣹ڣ
׾ù£Ҳ˺ݡ
䣡
һɫХȫǲ񽣣ĶȫоžŰʮһᴩء
󣬾žŰʮһ϶ΪһһĽɫâֱնһƬƬգɨȥ


431 ʥ׷
ۣ
񽣵ռ޼᲻ݣ򽣹ڣǾ޴ĽɫһֱӺɨȥ
䣡
ħ飬ͬǿµֱҲһѡ
һ˿ѪǿʩչһУĸҲܴ󣬼ĵһ¾Ͷˡ
תɾķȹסƣͬʱæһЩ裬תΪ
ն
ɫݿնȥһħѣֱǾ޴ͷ
ħɫ䣬ûϵ׾Ȼôǿͬٿͷײ˹ȥ
ͷײʱХ޴һƬƬ飬Ƭֱײ
ݣ
ʱһâٵĳ˶ȥ
ڽӽʱȻ޿ƥеʥµһǾ޴ͷ
ȫ汻׺ڷ裬ս񣬸ͲǷ֧ô

ƴȫ߶նͷ֮նˡ
׾ң
˴󺧣ľֽ
䣡
üĶȻѿ¶һſֲɫ˫Żһֻ޴ħֱײ˳
أ
ħײɳ֮һײ˿ռ䣬˱ȥ
պ£ɲǣһ޴ħź嫵ħǿֲϢѹ޷ֱ
վħ̽һֻ԰׵ֱָۣצŻһͷͷײ
һϢ
Ȼ
һʥߵһ

״ס

˽һӰһתһɫϡ
䣡
ɫޱȣ˷Բǧɣͷײһ𣬲ľ޴ڵֱγһ޴
ۣ
״ӰеҲһߣ弸ѣڴڵѪ
׳ХһǽɫѪڲϵĺ£ڵϵʱѾ΢סҵơ
ȡģˡɫƵشĬĬתķˡ
Զ
һ޴磬ħߡ
׷һϮãͬ˺صĵˣʵȷ˾㤣Ȼ߸ɵˡ
ħߵʵԿһʥߡ
Ҳ˵׷ڵķ֮Ѿʥս
ʥ
һʿ㤵Ĵʡ
ԹΨ콾ſڲʥߵʥ
ģģǸ˭ֱͦСϷ̵
ɫһڣõλڵĵʥӣѾˣҲ꣬ôҲҵսޣ𣿡
СɻغһΪ⣺ڣû˵˵𣿡
û˵һ
ûУսķʽͦĳмϵţȴʲôڣǽš
жʱһأĹҶ֪ǵѵѵǲԴʼԴǣ
ǴǨƹģǵȤˡ
оẒ̌ڣʼԴǱȻ˾޴ܣЩҲ
ˣ˵һСϣ϶ʱ¶Цݡ
׷һµɫۣϵѪҲʧˣһķ棬׿Ⱥ
֡׹һЦ
֡׷Ҳ΢΢һЦȻƽԸʱȴĶţûаڳʲôӡ
׷ĿתƵ׼ϣСϺɫ΢䣬ʵ֣ǽһսްɣ
׵ͷЦֹȻʶԨҵսޡ
˵һ㣬ҽϵۡСϳԵ˫һɣš
Ǻǡ׷ЦЦ
΢΢ĬƬ̣Ц֣ħΪ̫ƽмħԽҪעⰲȫ
ֹġ
׷ЦЦֵĳһǻټ
㡣
׷ͷһɫâʧ
С϶ԶȥӰһȷʵͦģѵôʢһˣô졣
Ǻܶʢ
׵ͷǰճһ콾ưǼҺͺҹͬŶģλ׷콾ڶ
ҿ
СϾȵؽеʥŵڶ˭һ
Ĺź׵ɫ
СϻȻЦԭǺңֲãĹʱ۵ļΪ帶ܴ󣬵ȱһֱǱģɲ⡣
Ĺңĸɲ⣿
ⲻһСҡͷ͵üҶԣȻҴҵ󣬵λ۹䣬øľ
λۣйͳһʼԴǵķ뷨һλȱֹˣǵϺ
һλɵĽ壬вۣ׺ʵ


432 ħʬ
䲻֪۵жǿҲ֪е۷壬ǿԱȼ˵Ĵڣһ֮ǧ
Ȼвۣۺʹɽƽ֣꼧Ҳͬ⣬оǿվŭ⺫λۡ
λ۵ΪȻͨ쳹أǿߣҲϺСЦһʵںһǰռϺɣ
ţϺľ԰ֻлȱǰ˸ΪС
СϷۣ˵ƾҲ뺫ΪУ̫Բɡ
ȱһλ磬λǰλǰͨҲκβáһƲ죬˵

һ˵ţֳŹսĵشǰС
ǹս֮У׶һʢУȱս⣬洦ɼǻûз绯
һ߾ʯӲŵħǿ
ֹһ£ջķᣬõװڴָڣЦúϲ£졣
ЩԿһǮ
ңһʮβҵսԽߣԽǿһͷǵޡ
ɳǲͬսɱĥκһλǿߵһ޲ǣͷɫޣѾ˼򵥵ǻۡ
һսķ칤򣬲Žͷ޸ɵͬʱϲطԼѾڶ졣
ΪһС̨ף׵սԽǿǽʱǺ嫵ѪǧɣΧʮ﷽Բ

պ
˷һɽȫסˡ
׺С϶ɫزסľ𾪡
ǧɿ⣬һ޴ħ񾲾ϥգɣͨεɫ˫ǡ
بžʹڵħһ㣬ɵһ־޴ѹȸУһƮ
ǿ߰ϧѾȥ꣬Ԫˣ࣬껹ô𺳡С̾
š
׵ͷĿһٺЦ˵һħӦֵǮɣ
СϺߵ֪ڵ飬һħڻĹʱҲֵǮĿꡣ
Ǻá״ЦǾ̧
̧ߣǮСϸֱӡ
̧ŸߣȻоһƿʮλ۵˴˷ħ
ģˣˡɫһ䣬תӡգۼɵǾϡ
վħ޴ͷ­ϣХһλԶˣϧħڹˡ
ˢˢˢ
ʮӰħΧˮйͨ
Щȫڵĵӣ׿ðľɵôģҡ˶ˣ
⼸ʮˣҲڰ죬󲿷ֶǰ벽Ԫ磬Ϊͨ󣬶콾
׻ǵһμʶڵʵɰֲ࣬ĹҶ̹Ȼǿ
Ҳ˵ɲ׷Щ˾ʮ˵ʵŷϴ
󵨣
һλ۵Խڶɫ˭Ҹħ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦħԭȷֵģλֲҪǿӶɣ
۰ɡ
ɫĮüһ˿˿м͸߰طɵ׶棬ɫƽؿҪʲô˵
ЦЦ¸λòɣһħļֵŸλһڱҪȥġ
СӣҪ
һȺ˶ɹɫƣ¶Ц
ЦЦƣλ۸˵ˣ
ΣЦһҵĵӣ壬ʶ͸Ͻ
ž
ӰһΣħͷϷ֣ɫƺݺһϡ
ۣ
ݱ÷飬һѪɳȥֱӵ䵽ɿ⣬

ʦ֣Ҷڳֱ֣
䣡
ʮ伸ͬʱգлҲ׷
һɢȵŤţ¡¡죬Ҳž
Ŀڱú
۾һȺˣ죬ҾʹֶԼӳͽ䡣
أ
ӰһΣʩչ̹ħͬͬʱʩչߴӰɱȥ
ȺЩ˹Ȼ׿ԽĶ֣Ƭ̼䣬һȺ緢˾ͽӿˤȥ
أ
¹ĽƵģһȺ콾ҽеڵϣҳһδӡ


433 
Ҷڶ֣˭ˡ
ˢ
м׵ַȻǰ벽Ԫ磬·Ҳ콾
˅ˣ̴ǺǬУ
ǼƵĽסдʣɲǼؾڣгһ޴ӡ
һ޴Ļɫ䣬˸Īޱ׵۶ɳʯձ
һɹۣԽĿֲ󷢳һ鷽ԲǧɣһƬƬա
ӣ򣡡
˴𣬻â뵽ڡ
䣡
ɲǼаɴ󣬳ֱѹ
ģţǴӣҼŵͨ
СϴУһϹüڣ֮ڡ
׵սޣѾˣʱԴӲ֮ڳҲʱȥκԼ
׶ΩС

ӺƺƵƣſ˴죬Ҫȫס
Ǻ嫵ħʬ΢΢ζ
ħʬεȼӲȻֲͨܿʱһ˿˲
׿̾૵ģʲôʱӵ磬Ǿ޵ˡ
һ˵ţͬʱɫѪȫ貣еĲһ㣬һȭһ޴ƳڿУһɼѪ㱼ڣ͸ſµ
䣡
׽ڶ֮󣬵һȫ֣ȭܼȫʩչ
أ
޴ƺݺһգֱӺϡ

ӷƮ
һХ˳嵽Уһȭһȭÿһȭܿͺݺѹն·ʵʣٷ顣
أ
һʮȭ֮Խ£ȭհҲ˳һȭ츲أ
ǰȭհ壬Ϊӡ
ӡһӶʱ飬һɢķƵ糯ɢȥ͸һƬƬա
ʲôۣ
ôܣ㵽˭ǵĴӶԵֵһ˴Уȫѣӿ¡
ڵӣȫȫѪٴεȥεԺأмȥ޷£
׵Ȼس濴ȥɫĮȻûΪ׷ڵħ顣
ΪЩɱڵˣпᣬЩ˵ı󡭡Ǽֲ
ɶʥǲŹġ˻˫۳졣
ҵš
΢΢һЦؽħװָڡ
ġŲ¡װһ룬׶ʱ亹죬Ĵָ̫ĶȻռ仹ܴ󣬵ٷһħʬȴǿ

Ȼؽħųεس濴һۣƺܾòˣҲ֪Ƿ𣿡
ವһɵĸ߿շ
һȺڵĵӶʱޱȾ֣һЦݵףһƺ뵽ʲôȻŽ壿
һЩڵȫɫ䣬Խľ֡
м˿ЦֲôôţԼҲη壬ԭߵŽ嵽ˡ
׵Ĵ˵ʿԻĹ֮һλŽ壬Ըţֶ츳ߡ
콾׵־ۣ콾ǰʮЩڣܼɵ
ʼԴǣ˭ҺŽ壿
ǧ֮ŽͻɳΪŹǵһͷ
ףҪʲôǶѾˣѵҪɱǣһ˷˻
Цеλֶ̫ˣǸղҲǱڴ˸λбǸ
һȺĺļһҪʲô
˭д﷨ռԽԽá΢΢һЦһתʵ
ţ
м˶ʱסˡ
ž
ɫİֱӳһˣ˵ûʱг
ʦУһöָռ޴󡣡и麹һָ
ƽˡͬǽɫȹȥȷɼʮɣˡ
˳ָķȥһ֡
ֵͻˣȫС˿ֻʣһڱ
ҲеĴָ˹
䣡
һӽָڷɳһʥ﷨ʥѾϵȵס֣
ϣһͽҲװǻƣСϴü߳ʱһЦ
һëȻ顣


434 ȼ
䣡
ٿȻ䣬Сͷųһ󲻿ɲϢһţֻԼյˡ
ţؿСһ˫Ե˫УޱǳƺһС硣
ţ󷢳һĽصֱСڡ
ͽСϷһߺߵģʵ̫˰ôһͽҪһ²հ
ѾĿɿڴ
СȻı£
״ҡڵ뿪ˣⴢָûֻǱһöͨķռ䵹ĺܴ󣬷ԲһС
һӣɵħʬͱװȥ
ߺһȺɫͨ˲ŷ׷վߣһ˱ߵغ֪ͨʦֵǣΪǱ𣡡
𣡱𣡡
һȺ˵ͺɫдűߡ

Ƭս֪жȻķѣɹûб߼ʡ
Сָķ򣬼ȥ
һµʱ䣬ÿǧﶼһĴսֵԽǿͿֲ
ЩУֻػս֮ڸɵһͷˡ
һջķᡣ
ָڣŷŰħɸߣӲޱȣȫһһħʬϣֻһǳǳİӡ
ħԿۣڱˮ¥һġ
ֹ˰£׸տһƬ޴ɽȣڤڤ֮ƺӦʲôæȫϢ

״Сϣ˲һ޴ɽʯ棬ǰȥ
ǰһƬտأ᫲ƽһ׵Ĺ֣Զǿڿ
ף㷢ʲôСϲʵ
ܾӦ鷢Դӿ˲֮֮󣬾Ϊǿ󣬲ɾڤڤ֮ƺܸӦΣա
䣡
ͻȻ䣬Զһȥռ䷢Ť󣬼̶۵˲䱬ѡ
ͬʱһ޴ļīƾ޴ˮţһӾͽǿ޴͸ʬ޴档
ģСӡ
š
ɫأ޿ƿֲڵʵδǶ֣ȴһᴩˣ֮˵ʵ
ȼǻǿˡСϴףעϢǿɲǶ֡
ϻ
˿صľͷһȺ߳һ޴ĺţսڿУսңȫǻĸ֡
һս߷ֿһͷ޴ĺţڿУţվһɫ磬ŵɫŮӡ
Ůӳ༫ѩףƺûаѪɫ߾Ȼײ࣬һ˫޳ϸȳƣ޵롣
鼫䣬һ˫ĮȻһеϢǱ󻹱һ޴ĹϢǿ
ȻħŮӵʵѾ׷ˣƺڻ̲ޱȿֲ
ǹﳤͦƯһλʥŮ׷ȱҲ֪û
ûŮҿûȤ
СЦŮǴ̵õ壬ʸ߰ɣ̫Σˡ
ߡ׵ͷ
Ȼת׼ȥʱͻȻȫëֱһɾ޴ΣմȫСϴһС
ҿ
תȻͿǻŮѾĿԼ
ǿѾסϢȻܷҡһ˫޳ŮȻƲ硣
䣡
ʱŮѾȡ¹۹ضײɽʯ
һƺţľ޴󹭼¡¡죬ɢ޾ƣ͸һƬƬգȥ
ޱߵħⷭҲɲǼǾ޴Ĺ󣬷·䴩һƬء
ѾȫסҲãǹӰΣһݡ
ģ
װһӱһ޴ɽʯ˹ȥͬʱٿȻʮɵĽɫݡ
󣡡
һ֮䣬ǬХȥһͼ赲סµļ⡣
ˢ
ɽʯշɵоͻϸ΢ķĩƺţļǬײһ
أ
շըֱסǼ⣬һնǺϽţĥ
ţ
ǻŮӼԼļڲϱĥ˪϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫɱء
ϴһţХħ۳һͷ޴ĺţģ
ţޱߵļ⡣


435 Ƚ
ȼΪ̣ħţ磡СѵõףóȫʵȻ߲ˡ
Уһͷ޴ţɴСÿһдƬѣͬʱһ籩Ƶк¡
֪ܲȼһԼĽЩǬɳȥ
пһۣ£ɫƽ
䣡
һƻǧɵĴɽѪڵѪڷڣһȭͷݺݺǺţ
һȭ츲أӡ
ȭռʩչ͵һ±ˣһ޵УԾصϢգǾ޴ȭͷݻħ۵ĺţ
һɫҡϣɫƵĺХɨеĺţ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ضڲǿϯܣűһ޴ĺɫ⴩ذΧֱӴס
أ
׻ȭ޴ȭͷײȥһħ糱ˮӿȫſʼϮԼ
䣡
ȫڣħ׵ĥ
ɱ
ԶǻŮվھ޴ĺţϣؿףһ˿ȣǱ䡣
һ֣ǿ߷Х˹
Щǿʵܲÿʮ֮䶼һصһ
ʮһһͷ޴ħţײ
𣡡
˷Ϯһͷͷ޴ĺɫħţµħػζ

˷ħƣתش˹ȥ
ն
һ޴Ľ⴩͸һͷħţʮ𣬶ʱ˺˰ΧȦ
ӣ
ֱӡʩչ£ɲǼܳȥǧɡ
ǲЩǿߣҲŮӴսһ𣬵ǶԷԲԸ־ս
ڸղţһ궼սϢ䴫
һͷɵħŮԣ޾ѹվ˺ء
ɱ
ŮĮسӰһվħͷ­ϣܷܷһӡ
䣡
ǸɵħһǧԶߵսѣ޷ħѹ
׵ٶȿķ˼¡¡ﲻ飬һƬҰ֮ɫ
ǿµѹѪڼͬʱǻŮӲһɫ⣬Ҫʹ׼ٶȡ
ģɱȫ𣿽׷Ҳš׻ͷһɵħһֱƺʱ׷
ôһħ׷Ƕûȱ͸ʥսū򲻹
ȷʥսūǷֵܵסһħ
Сϣ㲻˵սħѾô£ܻش
Сеײ֮ڣĵͷ𾳵ħѾˣֻǻһˡ
ҵһ𾳵Ĵħûеʱʹħѡ
ģǴħȥ꣬һʧĸɸɾΨһֲľٲ
СֻЦС壬ҪǱħһƴ򵽣Ƭ̼𣬾ȶþȡ
䣡
һ޴ļХɲǼһ޴ĺţһҪס
ӡ
һȭȥͣӡʩչ£ֱٶȶ죬һڹսתơ
ߣ
ǻŮӽ׷ᣬ˪¶һ˿εŭ⡣
һǰһ׷ϣգ۾֮
ģҪҵ׷ˡˬû˿ߵӡ
е裬ʱЩȻѾҪˣ֮Ѿ˦ȥԶǴħһ˿Ϣ֪
￪⡣
Ǹɵħؼ䣬һӰħͷ­ڷɳȫƣѪ΢
ȽԶȥķ򣬵ൽ˭ôûйϡ
üͷһһ
ʥŮһ˳ǰȥ
ȥǿߵϣͷϻʮǰģǵ鱨Ѿˡ
ǣ
ħӦһʧڿС
Ƚͷ޴ĺţϣɫƮķԵκһˡ
һüͷ׷ɱףڿһĨնʱһһӵĵͼ

Ƚǰĵͼüһ˿˿ɱ
壬ħ壬赲ңҲ⽫ȫսΣ


436 ֮
պ״Сһ޴Ͽȣ߸ɽƵֱ죬Զһ׳ĺˮۻ׳ۡ
׿ͬãȻСϣΪΡ
㲻˵ϤôҲ·
С¶һ˿Ц⣬źߺߵԹ𣿹ս䣬ҼиûôһϿȡ
̾սǰͬˣϿӦҲǺγɵģСϼǲҲȻ
߰ɣǳϿߣˣħѽЦЦ
СҲɻǰħǿ߲ϳ֣ʿҲҪ
š
ΪͬСϵ뷨ûʲôϵڵ뷨ռħȻȥһǮ
׷ħЩ˾ʲô£һȤûС
ඡվСһ֡
Сһﱧһ׵ļһһްسϿȥ

˸߲ͻȻ˺ѣһ˸Żɫâͼ֣ͼԲмڣվһʿ
״ɨһۣ΢΢¶һ˿֮ɫ
ЩɫսۣȫͷɣǳԴɣԭЩ˵ʲôͷ
žͿ϶Űɫġ֣ʱȻ
ȻݵĻĹˣӦݡɸ󡯵ĵӣôҲħˡ
ײûвΣЩ˼֮Թڵš
ˢˢ
ʮӰӿнǰ
֡һλʵ깰֣¶Цݣ˫¶һ˿֮ɫڲ²׵ݡ
ͬһЦ֡
λ֣ƬϿɸˣ£ذɡ΢ЦвԾһ˿
ϾǻĹҵӣаҲ
΢΢һЦɫ䣺ţȻǱˣҾͲˡ
국һЦڿ˻ʶȤһ˿ģΪ׵̫СûʿӦеİǡ
㲻ߣ
ͻȻ䣬һһɱϯͬʱһɫͻȻڿС
䣡
һ΢΢һΣаɴСһµɱҪɱס
أ
ޱ飬һȭ÷飬ɫƵضɸȺӣ˰ɣ
׽Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ棬Ҫʲôûаҷ
ʱһɫԽ߳¶ɱ⣬Ѫ˿۾ס
Ǯʦ֣Ҫϣҡͳزסɱͷŭ
׿ֹԼʿ΢΢һһЦ
˳а˷񣬲˵϶ֵܣڷɳɱɽҵ˵ȻҪ
ûϵɽȻеܰɸѰҵһЩ
壬ҵˡ̶дſµɱ⣬ס
ţ
ˢ
ʮĿⶼžȿס
ɸĵӣҲ¶֮ɫ׸߿һۡ
ʼԴǣֻҪʿСŽ壬δ֮Žǹµǿ֮һ
ȻǰܰȻꡣ
ǽףǰ˵΢΢һüͷʵ
š
ǮɸĵӡɫȻǱʾصķʽΪ׵ݺʵʸ֪֡
Ǯ֡ЦЦ
壬˭ҲȲ㡣ӵмλɸĵȫվ
棬ҪʲôǮüͷһʵ
ʦ֣ǧñʣ֮ĶԹɱҴ磬Ҫ𡣡ɫĮȻһӡ
ǮһüͷĴ˭Ȼ֪Թ治٣嵨˭ɱɽҵʥҲɵˡ
䣡
ѣһϢͻȻǧɣ޾ѹڴ
һƵĴӡͷɢʥǮɫ΢䣬һ֣һЩ뿪
֣ԲסˡǮЦ
׵ȻһЦǮֿˣС鷳ʲôǮֲصġ
ǮһһŵףͻȻһ
һֱΪ׵Ķ֣ǬӡҲУһɱ棬ǮȻһЦ
һȺ뿪ʮûߣȫʦֵܡ
ףҪ


437 ս׺
׿һ棬ֻǵȻһЦ
Ϲ껡˶£ƴһƴẦôһǿиɵķ
Ȼᡣ
ߣһٲҴ㡣΢΢һЦ˵Ҳϣֵܶ
ŭƵĴӡԽĿ£һʥɢȥձ䴩һ󶴡
ͷϵǬӡһƷʥǴӡһΣ¶ȼؽͣ·˲ź
䣡
һӴӴӡڷɳһͷҵס
ӡ
׺ˣһȭ䣬һǱ˲顣
ߣ֮ҿ֧ŶãʮһΪӳַҪʥ
¡¡
ǴӡζԽңһӴӡڷɳǵأɢ޾ѹȫ׳
ã
ĿһһԼЩӿ޵ĳɹ
ͨǽ𽣶Ľǰȭ죬ַʩչһ顣
˵ѾѾͨ¯ĵزӳǿǷӡ޴
һȭ췭ظ·С

ײ˷еı֮󣬾޴ȭͷǬӡϣձܼʮ
ۣ
ɫ䣬мѣѪա
ûϵ׵սôǿᣬѾӲĽ̬żһײϣҲֻ΢΢һζѡ
ž
һȭǬӡϣһӾͽǬӡɳȥԶ
һҫ۵Ľݺնȥ

֮յض˹ȥмٶֱӱնһƬѪ
ȫ漤ǬӡԴԴϵķ뵽ǬӡڣҪ̲
̫ˣһ
һ׷Щ˵ʵίʵ̫޷Լˣ˲ͷǬӡҪֲٱʥȻһ¾
ˢ
ͷų⣬貣ֱնǬӡ
ˣ
Ǭӡ˵һ¾Ͱ漸˵Ŀƣ಻İգ۾ʧʡ
ЦЦʥʶȤҲóˡ
ܽǬӡʥҲߣóԣԸصʥʱ䲻Уʼң벻ȥ
棬Ȼûһʥ
⡭ôܣ
漸ɫ˲ûҰףǬӡ֮ȫޱȾ֣ŵ÷
ףɱңʦ𲻻ŹġУ޼£ɫȻһȭ˹
ۣ
ۣ
ߵʮ屬ѣŻΪɻңڷӡ־ȭ֮£ֵûС
䣡
ʱüͻȻѿһɺƵʥ޼ɵʥϯ죬ǿµѹء
һֻӨƴüķɲǼǧɴڶһŭıżµĺܡ
ˣʦҲ֮ڲһʽͨʥһȥɣ
Ǿ޴纣һնѹŤռ䲻ϵѡ

ɫ糣ס
򽣹ڣ

һɫ޴Ľÿһҡֱǧɣһת϶Ϊһ
˽һ˺һ
򽣹ڵռ塣
䣡
һɫ£һ𣬶һǧɳľ޴󽣹⣬ǿµĽֱǧпռ䡣
أ
޴Ľɫʥһƶײһ
ÿֲıը壬ҿҲСʮ￪⣬ǮԶһƬ羰󣬲ɱɫ
ʵλɸĺʥӣµ֪
˵ǿΨм˲֪׾ԱȴеĻҪǿʮٱ
ÿÿһʱ䲻ٳǰʱֽøǿܶࡣ
ۣ
һҡڣҲ³һھѪ˼һʥڷ׷ױը
棬Ѿʬ޴ˡ
ǿʥһһܴĽڵʥȥ
޾۶Ƭ̼ɫѪֱƻָ߰˰ˡ
˻
һֱעⳡսǮʱһ
׾ȻʤˣʥһҲֵܵסһɱ棬һƬ֮ɫʵΪʲôôǿս
˭
䣡
ףͻȻԶһƴǿֲʥ֮ղҪǿǧֹ
˭ɱҵͽϷ㲻ãһŭף纣ʥƺƵ


438 ʥ
һ޿ƥеʥӼԶ޾ѹشǧɲǼؾޱȿ
ɫһ䡣
ģʦȻҲڡײ޵صһ䡣
Ǯ΢΢һԥȻСģǱʦˣʦ۰СӣϽӰɡ
лǮ֡
׻Ӧһ䣬һٵ뿪
䣡
һ޴ķӰϿڣǧɣΧձѹŤһŭݣſµɱ
ǮΪɸӣȻ汻ɱѵҪ𣿡ǺһƬƬձѡ
ǮɫȻƽ˵ʦ壬ʦܲҵȲ£ҶԷֺܿ죬ʦܡ
ߣ
ЦſһǮž޴Ӱһ¡¡죬ȥ׷ɱס
Ǯֶ΢΢һüͷа˵ãҲ֪һǷӹһ١

׽ӡʩչ˼£ûӴܣ󷽲ԶǿµѹǵصϯգۼԽԽ
ͻȻֹסŲɫƽĻͷ
Сһʵҿôˣѵһλʥ߶Կ
Ӳģʥһ֮ͿԷɳǧٶȻ죬һλʥȫ׷ɱôӵõ
СϳĬһȻ˵ģ̫ˣԸǸë
㣿
׿ųԼϵСϣЦʲôԿ
ħʬʱһħʬôëСϴߴٵ죬óһħʬ
㻹ı£
СϺߺߵأֻڴڣħʬʱ֮Ҫһ²ѡ
üͷǲսūԸ
ãʥսū㱣ɱУҪ˷ˡСҡͷóһͷħʬ
䣡
׵ͷһɵħ˳
ͬʱ
ǿµϢԽԽԶֳһž޴ףŽ壬Ϸɱ㡣
ģģһССԪëҲô񣬱ۻƽȮ۰СϴУǲޡ
һϹ⣬һӾħʬС
䣡
ħʬȻ۾һɻذϢһţûκηһȥʥҲֵס
Ͼһλħʬ
ף
ʱµʥǧɣһִҡϣһƬ磬ױסʥڡ
ؼȵıһĺ
ͬʱǬӡֻˣǧɴסһƬա
һҷߣڡ
ҷߴűŭ֮ɫĽ壬㵨̫ˣϷͽܶɱ֣Ϊû˿𣿡
ģ
׻δ˵ħʱСϾͿëڱǰȥɣ
ɵħ΢΢һΣͿʼǲƺʱбĿܣһֻ޴ƺջȥ
ǧɵĴûһ˿ʥ߶սľܡ
ž
һǬӡŭ𣬵žͷһҵĽħС
ʲô
ɫ䣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ôܣôܣħΪλлŵħ⵽ô£λɸʥߵһɫȻúѿһ˿¡
ԣħûиǽʱʹħʬùͨħʬԴ߶
ɫӣһƺݺ
޾ʥתĵƣ֪˶գɽһ㳯׺ħʬѹ
ǱϢܶסʿꡣ
׶ħʬ棬Ȼȫս˲ͱѩǣһˡ
ߣ
Сϴŭٿħͬһӭ˹ȥ
ֻǧɵƺݺݵռֱӱ˺ѳһɵĴӣռҲɲǷ顣
ۣ
ʮ֮⣬ϥеıɫһ䣬ŵһѪķӰȻһƸˡ
ÿֲûκη͹̫ǿҵͨ޷ħһ˺
ӦСϴ𣬼ڵĵط󷢳ĴЦһźݺݲȥ
·綼ֻ֮£ͬܵĿռ䱻׷ֻӲһС
Ա⣡
ǿµʥ˲ǧɵգܲɢɲǼʮ
ҿ
һŲӡɲǼ˺ʮɵ˰УĿɿڴؿԶ
ڣһȫ磬ѩɫıһգδܸо̹ǵĺ䡣
׵ѪҺ·Ҫסˣʼ
˺ʮźһЩɵ죬ʥ߹ȻԳֲ̫֮ͨ
ʦսֻ̼Ҫ÷飬һ˿鶼޷д档


439 ֵ
籩
ʱǱѩǵڣŭ𶯾죬翪ʼҵת
ˢ
ʩչѰϸȥһɹɾ޴ıѩˢħŰֱӻޡ
һ
ǧ֣ĳˢħͼһĥħ
ʩչأҲɸߣСϲٿصħңңԣȫһɫ֡
ϸϸȥԭһףĹ
أ
СϲٿħʼûлڵĶֻһȭݺݺ˹ȥռ˲䱻֮
ǧɳֱһ޴ɽֱӽеıѩ𣬶ݺһȭϡ

Ҳ˫ּܲһִĵƷӿȻһͷ޴ıХƵĳ˹ȥ
أ
ħײĵɳȥڵϹ˼Ȧҳһ޴Ĺ֣¶ɫٴɱȥ
һɢ޾ѹչֵµı֣ȫõ۳ģȵͨҪǿٱǧ
ġ
СվͻȻһֻſָȻһա
أأأ
һܰһֱӱ˺飬˫ڵϺݺһȣĵʱݰɡ
ëһȭ
䣡
Сϲħ͵һȭʹ˹ȥ
׻壡ձǹ
ŭϰɫâתһ׽ȫסüĶȻһѿһɫǹƥƵĴ
ͣ
ɫǹԽʱͿռ䣬ܣգۼͱħüĴ
أ
һֻ޴ȭͷסձǹ
ħǧɲסΣһֱֻۺȻ߸𣬸䣬һشݺڱϡ

˲䱬ѣһӾѿʥѪգƺһֱ˺Զݶȥ
̵ģϧûз򱾵һָͷ㡣ߣСҲΪΡ
ȻܲٿħҲ޷ħûзĴħܽһλʥߴߣҲ㲻ˡ
飡
Сһȭһȭʮı飬ůһЩƸղǰ̹ǣԶ벽ԪĿ

ˣ
Сವһħüһ˿԰ף׼ϣԴԼôʶҵɣһЩʱʲôʥߣͳͳǱ۵˳衣
΢Цţ֪ȥϢɡһӣħ
һ£Ҫһ£ķѵеˡСϻƵķɽ׵Ĳ֮޶
С˯֮΢΢һüͷ
ħ򣬵ȷǳ˴ʣҲôɶڻɸʼԴǵĵλȫǱѰ
ڶˣҺͼѵ
ҡͷһ̾һƬǽľͻȻЩ㶡
Ϊ֪ڸδߣС׵ļһҲˣԼڵħ򴳵
ģϣʥٳּҵĵ̻治ð㬵ɸôҲݵĻĹңȻôһλʥҪƤ׷ɱԼ
ôСһҲݣ±ΪʥߣҲҪ¡

öһ򣬲ţһ·ϿµսۼеսΧٽǧҲȻ
ʥ߼ս˵ʥһܴǳսԶҪι̺ܶ࣬ʥҲһƬ½
䣡
ԶǿһĴ
һ̶ϲ
ӿŲ͸ϵսܱߣڶʱֳӰսĳ
һϢƮ죬һĳͻޣͻȻһð˷ʤ
ǼҵġԪˤ֡һƻһƮ죬ָոҪӭӣͷɢ
ֺȻ󣬺ݺݵһƾ˹ȥ
ͨǹ죬ס֮Ҫ󼫸ߣҪĿռͨ
һͬأϢǿһϢɫâתһָɫ⣬ɫľԪˤȫס
׿˼֮û˿ԥֱӱΪʮɾˣֱֻͬʱӳ
˵ӡƶ
ţ
ǻɫâƵ΢΢һ¶֮ɫһգٻһɫס
ףȻСӣҲ˰ʩչԪˤֵʱЦЦúϲ£졣
׿һۼͬ¶΢Ц


440 ﲻˢ
٣ɫڱ˰գſµ
أ
ӡײһһһ󻮳ɣһ޴ĹĿ¶֮ɫ
ѽ㵷ʲôһʱ䣬Ҿľ⡣Թײվһ
ԲһЦ˹˵ЦˣʵҰ֮ڿ㡣
ƨ
ŭߵбٴ
국ȻһЦ΢΢ɫ˫ף˵һԻⳡܲƽ
׿Ŷ꣬ȻɫҲ΢΢һݡ
ľ⣡
ľңͬǻĹңдľһλǴɽ·齨˻Իһʱľҡ
ݲϤδľ֣ǰӣȲľһĵӡ
ľַģҲ֣Ǿܴ򡣡Ŀһת΢Ц
ľЦЦ˵ЦˣȻλֵľĳͲλˡ
ߣ
ضһ󲻻Цݣֵܷͩһ·
ľȻʧЦĹ΢΢һΣ뵵ɫâһǿ󵽼ͷų
ЦǲҲҷͩ˵Цˣٻᡣ
أ
ޱ飬ȻֳʯһԵ˹ȥ
ڿУЩ챮۳һ飬ǧɴСһɺ嫵ɢƵһƬƬգ˲佫ľ֡
ǺǣѵҪǿôľĳҪ뿪Ҳסġľ΢΢һЦֳһָһɵƥ챮ն顣
䣡
ܿռһҲɫâһľ⵭Ȼŵ뿪ˡ
ģˣղô֣е߳ŭŭӵ
˼Ҳ˵ôҳ֣Ҳס˵ͩϵĽȻһ֪Ǵŵͩһ֪һġ
̾Ϣɲҿľͩһλǿ߸ˢӤ֮󣬱үۺˣֱ̫ˣֲøҷﲻˢ
ͩ
ľʼԴʱΪϽԵʣľ˸ǣɸҲԸ֮档
ഫĹųڣľҾǿߴֻͩһԶһս
ͩգס﷽ԲһˢǸǿųɵĸֵԪֱӱˢˣӤģ
㹻Խһſǳľˢľ뵽ڡ
ͩʮأɽľʼʼԴǣ۹Ҳֻм֮ƴ
Уеıǹ
׿żһӣЦŴô㻹ͩȥˣҲûĸǿߴľ
һ죬ԿֻһľҽЩЩˣǼú
ǻĹҵķûϵЩΪʣ򼸳ʼԴǵķչ
ûؿ
ЦЦʵľľʲôλȻܴͩѵʥӣ
Ʋ죺ƨʥӣֻʥеһԱ˵ϵֻͩǷƷľҺܶ˶ôһƷ
һƷҲͦģҲǴʥɡ
ţӦǣǷƷͩһض֦죬ͬصľƷʥ˶һ
΢΢һЦ
һۣȻʵףˣôҲˣ˭ģ
Ǵ˽ģħȻΣҶͬ衣״Ц
ɣѰʦҲУ϶ʥǿߴ˿ռݣܽ
ЦЦǸϺŴܽģϺһʧڵħڣ༸ǵĴ硣
ȻЩ˳Ϲϵˡһüͷһ֧֧м²֪òø㡣
ţ
ϺҺͺҵĻ¡
׵ȻһЦ˵Ѿ֪ˣϺſѾӦң³֮һֺңȳ
ĿһæһҲֺңǺͿ˳ˡ
ЦͱκˣϾǼӣʺһ֡
û¶ҴԼң鷳Թۣҿ϶Ҫæġ
á
ϻˣұȥе㼱
΢΢һЦӿһжͷðɣʱֵһָ췭ظ


441 ħ
ĦȭƣڴЦ뿴֮ı飬϶ܾʰɡ
ﺫңѹܴ󰡡
ƨẦЩ֮ԱǣĵѾôˣںٶһҡ
΢΢һЦԹž˵Žһ·ɳǾԵУԼҲӲ䡣
ԵΣ
ΪİˣΪеսѪɺҲ޷

ЩĹ۵ħ򣬾Ϊʲô£װͲס棬ʵ
һħֲˣǻĹʼԴǣ
Ĺʱ콾սħ壬ȱħ򼸺ϣһЩлһλǶҪѪϴʼԴǡ
ʱľǿ߶սûа취һٽ֮ѹǧ˽λӡڵħ򣬶󳹵׹ر
û뵽֮󣬻̽ħַҪȳӡĲħ
ЦҪȳħȻĵߣĹұִƬսûħ并ӲдЩ׳һ򾡡
üͷ˵ⷬìܰٳ㵱޷ɱǻ棬ǿ߻ع֮󣬻ɱ
Ʋ죬εΪĥĹҵӰȱΨֵʢ˥һЩ֣ħһ֮أȫ㵱ȱǵĶȤζ
׵ͷ˵Ҳȫûеָ࣬ĳһʿʼԴǡ
ǻĹʼʼԴǣҪһЩĥһð취
ѽ
̾ǼңڡɸľҶ½½һˡ
ļҶԸħ壬ħȻҲĴĥµӵĵط
׻Ȼ
ֲôʱȥĴ֮⣬ûĹҽ롣
ĹҲº֣͵ԶĺͶһ򾡡
߰ɣȥӡĵطħǿ߶Ѿȥˡ˵
ߡ
׵ͷֺ
Ϻһħ򣬾Ϊʲô£ң֪ħľꣿ
ݺϺǧĵһܣȻ˵һء

˼ڲ·ˣһݵͼϸһ飬ŷѾ߱˹սһĵط
սӡŻĴǿ۵ħΪ˲Ƕ˳ȫȺħ
ףƺħ壬˵ħսٹսͱЩϣѲһ㣿

Ц˵һ˾ڵʥ׷ҸһõϢ׷ܹʥˡ
ʥ
񾪽ŴѾôǿˣҿ
ȷǿħһλԪһħǱӲģҾƺδȫ
üͷ֮ǰڵʵӦñȺҪǿһЩ
콾һˣӦ
û˵ʲô콾ǼҰޣڰҵôʵ٣ôŵʮ
ľַش֮һǶģͷ黹ɡٺֱЦ
ɫƣ˵ĸ쵰ŵԶ˵һлл
붯
һġ
ʱ¶ֻ֮ɫͷҲ֧ȥϰöģȥ£ȫûġ
ף
棿
ƭ𣿡
׶ʱᣬߵ̫ˣ治ұ˴
Цգ۵Ҹ˵ˣΪĥ㣬Ľ˵˫ȥԼսֱӴɵˣ
΢΢һЦͷ˫̫ǿˣӦøлң˫պΪ쵶Ǿ͵ű̲ɡ
ֻรɣʦ㣬һ˿ʥ涼Ҫˡ
ǰ˵ȥһ˽𽣶죬ܿϧûĸʦָˡ
ģ϶ưոݵģֻҪë϶׷ɱ㡣
ЦЦܺǸëһλʥȻ˺ƤץңҲ±Ц
˼νΪԼͽĻӣԷϵ㣬ܶɶ֮õ顣
Ϣں棬ʵ໥ضԶħһȺǿߡ
Щ˲ħĵϵӣҪǰһǿ̫ˡ


442 Χħ
׺ͼħ󲻽ظţһߴͬʱȺħڹսҹ䡣
ףһƱЩ㹻ǴսһˡĲ
³çҾ˺ֲ֮ܿͬǰħȺ࣬һħսоǿߡ
ʲôдʥ֣ʱԼɱɱһеС嶯
׷ŰۣûôҲħʮ֮һǻûе̣ƾ̫ǿˡ
󵨡ĵ
ɫһڣЦǺãȥսһΪѹҪǲʱȥΣ
ЦҡͷΪɵ
䣡
˵䣬ͻȻǰɫ䣬һ޴һǧ
ǧɫɲǼܲգɣ˶Ŀ죬Ҳһ㱻꼰㡣
󵨣
ʿ
䣡
һɹɿµħֻ԰׵ƺȻһħսһƬƬץ顣
Уֳһλɫ۵ˡ
ɫĮۿżֻƳץñըɫȻƽɡ
һһɫܣ󰵺ɫâһһ޴ĺɫݡ
أ
޴ƴȥĿռ籩˺һУȴ޷ƿⰵɫϡ
ɫмŷ֣һ˦
𣡡
գȵϢ˾㤣ᴩգֱӳħ峵Ӻȥ

ͻȻһսڴһĮн֯纣Ϣڡ
ǻ飬ޡ
Ԫʿħ׺ͼԶսࡣ
׷ȻһȥԸħ壬Ϊħûи𣿡
ˢ
δ䣬һ޴ͩУԾɫ֦ҡڣһͷͷɫ

ţһ˽̤ƶһ˰ɫǹ˲伷һգһħս÷顣
ۿˡС
ˡҲ¶Цݡ
׷ľԼɸֶˣ֮ɵǵħ塣
ĸ
µħһַԲ﷽Բ嫵ħһħսը
ʮߴӰŭ⣬ͨħǣȫɵС
ʿǾȻҷǣһȺħŭ𣬽׷˰Χ
ħĸֻѾˣһ޴սȻûһ˿
¸ղսҲ̩֮κεĹڽӽսʮھͻΪΡ
ĸ֣
ָս¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ÿ߰ս⣬ٺٵսȤôΧħôȤ飬ôܲμӣ
΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ׷ҲˣȻӲֵʵҲԵ߸ħˡ
ǻʲôְɣһХ弸뵽ڣϢһħǿɫڽӽʱȻҵһӾͽԷÿѪѡ
䣡
ս˲䱬ը
׷ɫ糣ԼͻȻûһ˿⣬΢΢תͷΪ˳֡

һɫγһ޴ɽһѹȥ
׷Ŀⶼһ
ŽҲˣ콾սħ塣
ʮħǿͬʵǿÿһ˶٣ֹͨĿ¡
ǿסˣɫѪһʢޱȣȭ졢ʩչ
䣡
ħָǰװֱֻ۲ãȭںһ𣬵סǿһ
壬ɣ
һ޴ħһħһӾͽס
⣡
ħֲٿһر˫ּµĶǾ޴ħȻתۿɼһӾ޴ħ͸
ħڵףһüͷ
ڵһĪϢȥԴԴϵĿʼй¶ٶһ㲻ˡ
ӡ
һƻ¡¡죬ȴͭǽϣȻ޷ƿر
ŵԽѸ٣ħƵ˷ǧֻ԰ɫĴֳ֣ס
ն
һƿգ֮ȫն顣
򽣹ڣ
ճĿţ˿֮ɫ¡¡죬һЩ裬˲ﵽ۷壡
ͣ
һ޴Ľɫ⴩͸˲񷣬ܹᴩبţ󷢳ҫ۵ĽɫâĽ˺ر


443 콾սħ

֮Ǽر˺ѣŻǧ籩Ƶⵯȥ
ͣ
˲䱻ǧŽƵģħϡ
ۣ
أ
ħǰ󶼱ᴩȫ¶֮ɫæˡ
䣡
ӡƵѹѹ÷ǣ
ڶʱڴħǵٶҲȫսӵ¡
Χʮ﷽ԲһľͩغͿ¡
ˢ
һɫâħˢȥһħ
ɸλͬսֲһȭӳʮͷħѹ
˶ֵͬʱʣĴ콾Ҳʣµħˡ
һʱ䣬ħһȺǿ߱ڵħֻʣµһħս
׵Уɫ㶼ĮһǿϢսס
壬ȻԽĶʢˡ
ħսڣһĮȻصһ죬ս˲ķѣһɿµħ
䣡
ض͵һŨħᴩ˲񷣬üΪճī֭ħؼ߮
һǿħԽԽϢԽԽ£գۼѾǧɸߡ
ǿµħ۳ʵʣǸǧɵħֳһ޴
һ˫ӴŲ̵Ц⣬Ц콾ǵĵԽԽˣȻΧҡ
ħǧ˰ǰħǣħһμ̳ˣʵԪʿ
׷Ŀ̹Ȼؿڵ
ľҲ΢΢һЦʼԴһֱǰһСɡ
ǧɸߵħɫʱޱ
Ѿҵĵϸˣǧ۾ػӶֱۣޱߵħ糱ˮƵӿڡ
䣡
ٴαһǧɣΪһǧɵħ纣ħѹ׵˼޷Ϣ
ǶɢһɿµϢ崫ʥһɲ⡣
ǧǽȻˣͱˡɸǿߵȻڣǿҵš
ɸĺʥлǣܴľһݵĶ콾
š
׵ͷϤһҲܿлǵʵԼһµ콾
ɱ
׷˵ϻֺݺһӣһͻأس֣Ϣȶȣֱǧ
ˢ
ʱ׼Ҳˡ
ľͩ죬һɵƥǧ
ȴϢ뵽С

ʮʥüķɳɲǼһǿĽ󣬽ͼչǧݺᡣ

һִı֣ǧݺײȥ
׵λ콾ûв˽˲ͱԼǿʵһԵĺǧ

ǧŭһХͿԱһƬƬա
ʵǿ󣬿ʥߣֻһȭݺݻСɽƵȭͷƺƵĥһС
µħеĹȫס

ǧУƮĻ꣬󻨰еıһǿħеıɻĽ⡣
ؼ䣬˲
ɱ
״Ȼʮɵľˣǧɵǧȣûʲô
ֱֻͬʱȭ
ӡأ
ǿĹͨŰ˼ǷӡȥһƬƬȭȫǧϡ
ǣ
ǧ˫ȣʱ飬һѪűֳ֦һ˫ȫ˫ȡ
ˢ
ľͩһˢҪǧˢȥ
һƬƷѣ飡
ǧħһֻ޴˹ݺݵشͩϡ

ԾǧһͬſµܣһӾͰľͩɳȥɡ
ɣ
޴ƣһ޿ƥеħסľ⡣
ۣ
ͻȻǧһ޴챮Ҳǧɣź嫵ܣǧõɳȥ
һһſ޴Ҫǧ

ǧһץͷ飬ǿħͬһֻڵľ֣лϡ
ۣ
лĿߵķݣ֪شӿ׹

һս
׵˴÷ǳ࣬׶Щ䡣
ò˵ǧʵȷҪ߳һ


444 һ
ɱ
ȫսתս¡¡촫ǧһƬƬغնڱ顣
ǧɫ䣬ͬܵشľͩ˽ȥɫһתֱˢΪ
ǿдͩڳֱǬסһ˿Ľն񷣬ֱ
ͬʱлǡ׷ͬʱ֣콾ĺһһλħޡ
ǧ͵һһɿ񱩵ĻȻӿһźɫķ籩˲ûˡ
أ
ĺɫ籩סǣŭ䣬׼˵Ӱٴγǧǰ
ն
ʮִĽɫ£ֳֳ񽣺϶Ϊһȥ
ӰͻȻʧУϢسǧﱳһƻǧɴ󣬺Ȼһıϡ
𣡡
ǧεɫ¶֮ɫһͷϿգ纣ХƵк¡

貣һǺӡ
һĸɫѪҺǧϵһ¶֮ɫ
ˢ
һɵƥٴνͩڡ
ˣ
ǧɵĹϵĶÿһζᴫǧ֮
飡
ǧŭһ˺صĿȻ֣һ˺ͩһΪٴαˢһꡣ
ۣ
ľһɳȥȫѪ졣
׵˴󾪣һë𣬸֪ĪΣա
ಣ
һɱǧĿɣŷĺ⣬һھѪЩɱȫһҪħ
ˣ׷Į˵
ҪˡľԶɫȻ΢΢԰ףͩΪṩԴԴϵľ
һɵ

׵ָĽҡϣɱϯ
лɫȻʵȻ֮ΪСģȻ䱬һͨʥ߶ϢϢ
һڱͷ͸ŨŨʥ
˪ն콣һ״лǿɸλͦѽŴʥ
ЦЦų˵
ãܺã
ǧУԽı䣬˻𣬸ڵĿռ䶼ڲһɹɺɫ籩ƾ𣬽ס
䣡
Ƕ޴ħɲǼ䱬һɲʥĿֲǿµѹǼɫ䡣
ģһɫʱһڣһ˸ɫâĳǹУʥϢ
׼ɫأȫ߶˴˵ʥһʥڿк£һƵĺѹȥ
ռ䡢˲飬޼᲻ݣʥ߱ҲɲǼ
ġ
ʥڵŭӴѹԽĺأԲǧڵտʼȵŤ޷
䣡
ⳡսѾλʥȫ棬˱Եʥһֳ֣ɫâҫա
Ķʢˣ
ǧ﷢һ̾Ϣħ΢΢һɽȥ
䣡
ھҵĲǰջһƬڶ˴߶ʥ˽ȥ
أ
˲䱬ը
ǿ񱩵һӾͽ˻ɳȥֻоһشݺݵԼϣ˲ǧ¡
гʥҲɱܵ˺ȫѼ޷£ѪƮؼ䡣
أ
ڵ˵ʱǹ֪ײ˶գһ˰ſסΡ
ȡȣ
״ڵĴϢæתɾķסƣٳһЩ΢΢ת
Ҳղǹɾ޴ıը˷ٿǰʱǧѾûӰ

ײɵؿЦҡͷ
˵ʵȻûиɵħжһ˿ʧͲʡ
ǧʵȷ׹Ŀ࿴Щ徭ķչѾ͵͵δ֮彫پһսϴˡ
ģˡԶֵ
ԶӰĬȻУľлȺ뿪׷΢΢һͷҲȥˡ
׺ͼҲûжֱǿ߾ۼĵطȥ
˷˺ħУܿ촫ħ򣬽ħЩӦûֶԸ塣
ĶʢħѾʶˣǼǸеƾһȥԸ壬̫ˡ
ǻ壬ȻˣħĸѰ
׿Żɵգа̾һһսڵħѾ޿ɱ⣬ȻԵɺ֮£ⳡսħս


445 
׺ͼһ·ŹսȥԽǽӽսĺĵش׺ͼԽ𾪡
սԶκĻҪأҪ
ԶһŴ׹ǳмͷǿ޾ס׺ͼʱ
Ҫ򡣡񰧺һ·˲֪ٴսޣҲڵħħ塣
һѪսҲ˼ĺô
Ѫ̹ħͬľ硣
ͨϻһʩչͬʱʮӡһͷǿ޾ͱһдҶûʣ¡
ͬ죬һսѾס

ͷǿգХ׺ͼɫɣһ㲻ͽս
߰ɣյͼϵıʾǻ󲿶ӻˡ˵
һ¡
׻֣ͻȻòСǳȥ
һǳѾ֧飬ͷ޵˳ѨСǧ﷽Բ
ôˣʵ
΢΢һЦ˵õкö
۾һģ
ȥ֪ЦЦһڲں۴У
ǧ﷽ԲСˣ׺ͼ̤оܸоһɿµһɵڿнš
׻֣һΧ½ɿһȦɢ
ιñģ񼱵ץ˫ĿȵĹâҪ˵ء
ЦЦ̧žߣƨƨߵؼæں棬кֺõЦݣõǱָҶ٣
׽Ųͣһ˵Ǽҵӣ˼𣿡
ĶٺҲԼõģϰһǱʲôұҪһ롣
߰ɡ΢΢һЦ
ʱһ֣֪û˵ʲôɫɽڵıȻһݡ
ԶһɫĴɽӰΨһȻۡ
ʱѾվɽ£˫ɳɫѰ£κζ޷ء

Ķһֻҡڲƺʱӡ
ն
һ˲һףĽ˲仯ǧɴ󣬴ź纣ܣһǰɽ
ɽʯϵѣǾ޴ĽͲƬ½ھҵĲԭ֧߽⡣
һƬƬɽƬɽ߽֮󣬼ŴͲŵؿǰһĻ
ʮڿУÿһӶмʮɴЩһϥڵϵľ޴ħ
ȻڵϣȻǧɣһڵ˫ǣѾֻһĥ
壬Ǻɫ˫ǣĻħ۾һ˵
׵ͷ΢ЦħϣЩӦþһռı
컯
ЦħĲر䣬һô࣬ηˡ

ҲЦЦҲħҲҵһЩô
ףҷָǺôεıҲܸ֪Ѱ̫ˡ
ôһϸ۲ţϸȥȴ΢΢һ
СӣҪǵЩﲢףħ֪Ҳıﱻߣڱܲһ󡣡
Ŀ棬һɫ𣬿ʼģħõ󷨣üͷһЩɫ˲䱬ը
ͬʱĿҲݡơ
ݡ
ԶУһȺӰХҲӵħ򣬺Ȼڵķ
л¾ƮƮɫȻһ˿⣬Ŀⲻس׿ȥһȺɸĵӡ
Щ˼ħһڿںɫ֮Ҳ¶Цݣ˴ЦǷˡ
ĿⲻƣߵǷƸƨϽıǷֵģԼҲʹ졣
һȺɸĵӣɫʱ
˲ϵüףۺȵСӣҸ֪ߵغ񡣡
ɫлǵҪһ
ޱ飬ĿĮؿһлǣֳЩɸӿȥĿò˶¡
лǿһڿںɫĴӣ¶һ˿ɾ̰֮ɫȻչһЦȭλ֣ȻͬʱأƽΣ

װ֣ܲͷﲻݣǻûڴ˵ǿȡᣬֵܿжʳ𣿡


446 ħһ
лǵɫʱͨ죬˫Ѹһ˿âһĮȻ׺ʹļ治Ҷ֡
ǰ˺սǧ׺ͼչֳʵλɸĺʥӴΪȡ
ʱ֪Ϊʲô˶Խ˼ɵʵսչֳ֮󣬾Ҳеһ˿塣
һʮˣѾ޵еķɣʥ֮¼޵С

ɸĵӿײмıȫŭһرգǿϢǵء
ǱϢХؼ䣬в˶жŭŽ˰Χ
ɸ¹˭
û̸ˣҳִ飬л㿼ĿĮȻɱᡣ
ס֡
лԥһ˵дʥûаնԸ׺ͼ֮ӡ
ңҲʶϵͬǳ£ǼóһɫĳǹǳǹϢϢ˷ǳ㤡
лϲӦþǼҷǳġͥǹͬǹǺպĴʥеʥҪ󼸷֡
ȫס֣
лٴδһ䣬ֹ˴ɸӡ
ʦ֣ôˣǿһħıأضоСʿɱ˾ɱˡһλ벽Ԫʿغȵ
ڶ죬죬һλ벽ԪʿԣɾǡСʿ
Ȼ֪˵ݣزô˵
Ҫϻߡ
лɫһ
лʦ֣̫ųˣ㲻ҳ֣Ҹҡǰ˵ЦŲпЦ⣬һͷһͨϽɫı
䣡
ЦһǱɳɴ󣬴һɹɱɱ

ʮӱڷɳֱ׺ͼ
ģҶǳְĿһ¶⡣
΢΢һüͷ纣һӡӭ˹ȥ
޴ȭͷݿһֱײбƲؽǶֱ飬Ӱһԡ
⡭ôܣ
ɸеȫ󺧣¶Ͳ֮ɫ
⵽ʲôˣһȭܻ鶥лǿҲûս
ɲǼ䣬Щɸĵȫ׹ΪʲôлҪ뿪ǵлʦųֲ̫
ž
һƳ鵽ϣԭת˼ȦȫѪȫ߹ǶˣдڵĿѪĿżĿ־塣
һǸһѵ߰ɡĮһ֣˿лĿ⿴
ֵǿƣˡлһ˷˵ʦܣһȺ֮Ȼ뿪˵ء
Ʋ죬ʧ֮ߵʴȣһƾҪڴɼꡣ
Ŀⲻƣõ´λ㣬ò˵£㻹ҽɲô
ٺЦ߶˵Եпͨ޵еĵ·ѽҸ׾ôġ
׺ߺһЦἧ񣬶תĿ⿴ǰǧɵľ޴ħ
ħţûһ˿ͷеĺɫâƣȥһ
Ѱϸͬʱüţɸĵٷ͵Ϯǡ
ҼȻɸĵҵҲ˻
ӦһӰһα䵽ڣ΢΢һЦСһԵڣ԰
䣬һɫգܲؼ䡣
׿ʼģһзѰڣͨǰϺһ֮սһĸ̡
ħ֮ǰµ̫£ʱң׾¶һ˿΢Ц
䣡
ǽɫѵ˲䣬һȭͻȥɽһ޴ӡ
ǣ
ʼϵѣͻȻһɱӿıһ޴գɢ޾ħ
½֮£ǿֲħȫͷ}˵죬ȫѪҺ
ģ
նͬѪشǱ
Ǵħ֮ǰµһͨҲʥһ׳ͬʱһХС

һִĽɫգһӷҡϣס׹ľ޴ħơ
ͬһȫɫâǣеĳǹһΣǧǹӰ˹ȥ
󵱴콾Ӳǰħһƣ
ɽֱֱѹ


447 ħ
䣡
޴׹Ƭ½ڱ׺ͼͬʱ֣ͨսӵ¡
ǹӰǾ޴ϣҿ·ɣգۼʹС
أ
ۿɼٶȹţѿһֲĺۼŷһҵһƬƬգһɢ
աͷϵĺֹ
׵ͷ£Һʵһ־Σˡ
˵˲䣬ԭ֧͵һ񱩵ϯ½Ƭ̹ķѡ
ǧһƬްųһʯڵħĵϣ촷ۡ
׺ͼûжֱȻħʬ
һڿںɫӾƯڰУ񿴵ÿˮֽһͳ˹ȥ
Сġ
׸죬Ϳߴ˷֣ƵĲס˼񣬽ŷž
ҿǹġһŭش
׺޹˵˵ҸղſûȥѰСԼ̫Ｑˡ
ɫһڣŴ֣Цһ²Ͷ㿴ôƵܰʲôæ𣿡
ͻȻмֱֻ۳֣˵ӡƶعıͬʱնһƵ
أ
ۣ׼ȭ俪еƶʱʧ״һӣͬЩɫӺ;޴ħ봢ָڡ
ҿ̫˰ɣе
״ŭѵҪֱ𣿸ղôĶ϶ˣȥҸεĵطٷɡ
ߡ
񲻺˼һЦ˷ɿ뿪˵أǵٶȶܿ죬һʱңѾǧ֮һտɽڡ
ƬɽܿտһƬţ˸ɽеȲµϽѱ䶼óʲô
һ֣ʮ޴ĺɫӾڰУǾħȻǱˡ
ɫҲǷú׾ɵģЩҲԴһͨʥˡ
һЦʹһӣɲǼɫâڶϡʯ
΢΢һüͷּ̧䲼˼׵󷨣ֹЩʯϢǿ߸Ӧ
ǺöȻз֮ģǴϵʥļƷİ񿴵۾ֱˡ
׿ϡĿʯ˵һѪһķ֮Ĳ˸е𾪵ı
ŷ֮ɢȵϢϱ֮ܶ࣬ʱҲһ
Сķ֮ģ˵걻ɱķľ磬ħɱ֮࣬÷֮ϵʥġ
΢΢һЦ֪˼
͸Լҵ϶ܴһǿʥ
͸ˡ׿Ŀ⣬һЦ
ģ
š
æѷ֮ķŵԼָڣЦû˵ġ
ЦЦ뼧ɫ½򿪣Щڵȷװһλħıء
пʯҩװ˼ӣ½Ϸ֡
Щ֮⣬𾪵Ǽʮ˯ˣ塢Ҳ壬ħ塣
Щȫһɫ͸Ĺӡţһ·Ѿûκ
ɫʱһ䡣
СӣǷˡͳѹһƵ˷ܺͼȫ΢΢
üͷһɫڵʬʵЩʲô
ħūȫǶħūѹصλħǰΪͨһƲ֪ɱ˶ˣҲ֪жǿ߱ǿħūЩħūıء
׵ͷȻ
ӦսūķŲ࣬һʿֻսĿܣַ̫ԭͲϲҲ֪ǿ߶ϲƿܣؼʱÿܵһ١
ȽɣǱȥӡָʲô壬ҪЩѹҵ̾Ҳɡ

ľսؽħūһ亹һصңҸƿӡЩħūҪ߳ɣҪΣ
׾Цͷνġ
ǲУȻֵܣѾҺܶ౦ˣҲ̰ᣬô˵ˡ
ЦŵͷѾһںɫӡ
ںɫӣֻװĹ飬͸ŹϺ͸Ϣż˶һ
ѵħͨ𣿡ʵ
ҡͷҲ֪
͸ˣûȤǼϸŹ棬ǼҵϵӲκɵͨڶµĹء


448 
һӣżߣ΢ЦҾͲˡ
ħıأǵʱ˺ܶ࣬׸Ǿˬ
ͼһʲôȱȴҪ̫һƽٲҪʯҩЩ
˵ѩ֮ǰ͸ĺأڻ㶯ãñע⵽
ˢ
״һӣʮںɫӱߣŰʵôǵõô౦Щ㻹Ҫ
ϻЩӼֵǮء

ϸֳȷûκ©֮ͷɳƬɽŷӡĵطȥ
ڵӵʬ塣պ׺ͼſʬ壬ɫ
ЩʬȫɱʬȫľѪʧͬʱÿһ˵Ҳˡ
پʬһ޴ġɱ֣һּ𺳺ϢĸоɱϢ
壬ҼǵһͨСʮħѪ󷨡ʳʿľѪǿ̾Ϣ
ðź⡣
šͬ¶֮ɫ
˵ҺڹϵãͬΪ壬ħô¾ʿκһ˿ŭɱ⡣
䣡
һ˺صӰ֣ſ񱩵ŭɱɱϯ죬˷·ħһ㡣
֣ڰ׻ͷ̾Ϣһ
׷һԲɫشһӣܴڿѤʢ˵Ĺǻңǿ˵ͷߡ
׷Ҫɱˡ̾Ϣ
˵ԼʵԸ壬̫ǿ
׵ͷǲ׷ȫϾΪڵʥӣ϶ౣֶΡ
·ħ壬ɱɫᣬ
šͷ
Ϊ壬ۼԼͬ¾з·һһȼգҪȲͷų
ɱ
ɱֹŭ
׺ͼ٣ͷųǿϢħΧǡ
չȥȴûһħ壬ֿʿʬ壬ڿзǳѪȡ
ǵͷ­˸پʬһ֣壬
Щʬ洣һĻ䣬Ѫޱȡ
ǧȥɫȵŤһ񱩵Ϣͷų˫ͨ죬Ƶŭɱ
ҵֵܣҵĽãһǻȥġй֮󣬼濴Щҵľӡ
׾ؿû˵ᵽڵ飬ļһ仰û˵
Ҫ𣬱𣡡
ޣһɫ潫ʬգС˹ǻңһƻһƬա
ǧҼ﷢ºԸɱĲʥüһ˿Ѫɳ뵽ؼ䡣
΢΢һüͷ뿪˵ֹΪֻһ̾û˵
Ҳû뵽ô񣬾Ȼ˴ԸҲԡ
һֹǴ򣬷ǷԵʿһڱɣעҡ
һŭ֮ԣ˵ǷǳĲǣǧѾ뿪˵ħⱲӶδҵõ
ɱǧ޷ʥһֱ޷Ϊ֣ôұضӡ

̾ϢһҲûоüֵÿһ˶Լļֵۣ˵ҲǼҪΪȥļһ
Сӣ߰ɡй֮󣬼ࡣ
ֵ𣿡Цʵ
ֵͷ
׾ЦˣţʶļҴ٣ΪֵһһնɱǧΪһ
šЦЦüɢɱ֮׿һļаСڳˡ
ͬʱֲһ˿ɣµıѵҲ֪ѵͿǧ¾ҵô
ǡǼӢü񿴵һǰһĻԼĶأ
ײ룬Ҳ롣

ֹʮ죬ھҪѹĵطʮħĲƽħʿѾȫ潻֡
˵׷ǹƥɱУͨɱԷˣҲЩ䡣
ħʥǧû¾ʿǰɸλʥѰһսҪǧǱѡ
ͬһľӣû飬ȫ߶Էˣħ˴
ʮ
һ޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
㳡ǳĹϣоŰپʮĻͭɵӴţɢϲɣϢ
Ĵɵĵӣˡ
׷ȥһ㳡Ȼǧˡ


449 ȱ
ŰپʮĻͭǧɣڻ谵Уһӣޱȵ𺳡
㳡ԲĶľ޴󣬳Щ֮ͭ⣬׻ĿһܲȻС
Ӧþһ޴ļ̨ӡĵطǾŰپʮĻͭŵĻ棬һʲôʾͻĻ淭ڳһС
ˣֱÿһ϶ӡ󷨣һħǿҪӡǧһͬʥ߶Ի
ĴɽȻǽ룬ҡڡɸľҵĸֶѾˡ
ʮʥϥԣǿϢǵѹһС
Сһ·Ҳ֪ħǿ󣬶һҪǵ棬ضоǿ١
һѪս޿ɱ⣬ڰֿ֮ʼһս

׳ڹ㳡ϣʱ˵Ŀ⡣
õܣˡ㳡һվ˼ҵĵӣͳʼһսһЦ
ؿʵǼҵ˲ǧУ֪ô
΢΢һżƺò˼飬Цŵͷţ֪
أ
ͻȻȭûжһ˿ֻǵķŭһȭڼϣ쵰ôˣôЦó
ˣȻһȭûκʵԵ˺ڴ֮ͥ±ϴһȭʱҲסˡ
ʲô竵ʲôʱܸһģ߳ŭ˫һ˿⣬
һȻؿһۣЦͲмɫĮȻ˵֪ΪʲôܳΪӣ㲻ôԶ֪
˵꣬㾶ֱߵһϢٲ
ɫһһףվһ仰û˵ֻȫ΢΢زѸһĨɱ⡣
ߣ
˸һϢʱͻȻдһƵĺһعȻһ㣬¶ɲ֮ɫ
ף㵨̫ˣҳϷǰУһʥ߻վ𣬻»ҷ䡣
Ϣޱȵǿ󣬵ڳеʥȴ΢΢һⱦϢôңѵ˲ɣ
ǵ׷ɱ׵ɸʥҲʦ𣬵ʱСħˣ˲ˡ
ʱôãƻûȫʥ֮»֪һʥεȵǿ󣬱Ϣ΢͸¶һ˿ͱ˲ˡ
׺ɸ󽻶飬ԭһȻվվͺһԪĴʥȻвһСɸô簡
䣡
һɿµѹϯ̨ŭдҵСƾҲҶָֻţ
ΪʲôңҪеӹҧҰٻ㣿ЦһѸٵķ
󵨣
ŭһɱγʵʣһ
վɫƽδһ˿֮ɫǻһ˿мЦ⡣
ⱦȻﶯ֣ΪҵĴʥǰ
ˡһֻ͸Ƴ֣ûһ˿ǿϢ·һѾںһ
͸ȴһץסǱȭγһ޴ˣȴû˺ѡ
̨ܵգ󷨼ӳֹģʥȫսҲ޷Ŀռ䡣
ʱ¸ߴӰƶˣעɸķĿⲻƵ˵һΣҶҵֶӳ֣мɱ
ɫʱüѿԼȴ˵ʲôǼҺպǿߣѾΪ벽ʥʵҪǿ̫ˡ
£ɸҪʲôֲһĮƽ̺Ű
ƺƵʥ޿ƥУǿϢ˿ڼ¡
Ǻǣԭǲ֣ԭΪ̤ʥ磬û뵽û߳һǿϧˡ
һ˫Ŀаٳߵâ΢΢һЦ
ĳ޶ۣüּЦˡǵĮƽһ仰˵͹ƽҲһ˵
üͷղҶԻǲǧɸ󵱴ƽ̵ʦܣܴ󡣡
š׵ͷ
䣡
ͻȻһ޴ħӿнȫѪ߰Ѿȥʱ˶һͷȥ
ħʥߣ⵽˭ɱģȻ¶˼֮ɫ
ʱһǿһЩͨʥ߶սϯǾŰپʮĻͭ΢΢һ֯һƬõĹĻ赲档
λѵӭһȱ𣿡㳡棬վһ΢Цͷĺ


450 ħϮ
ȱߴӰڼ̨棬ǧɣɢ۾Ц·ڼһ㡣
ǻȱϺڶܡмʶʿ
ͷ޳磬ԵõϹĴУʵĿ£Ҷκβá
ȱǿǵõ˵壬ǼϵĽģվһλ뢡ɸĲǧĿһ
΢΢һЦȻòݣһЩȻָ
ǧ΢ЦǾôЩ㲻ҲܴУȴüּЦˡ
ЦЦûֽ
ǣ
еļҵӴһǹĻȱһЦ롣
䣡
ȱô糾ŵĿǿµ㱼ϯ̨Ѹٵعƽ
˵ĿⶼòͷѰһ޵˵Ӱںһ
úҶ޲ߵľǿôƳϹһλ۵Ͻһ񽫻ޱȵĿ¡
ȱֿϡ֪ͣħΪ£ǧƶˣ¶һ˿Цʵ
ȱǺһЦȥͬʱ򵥵ĻصϵܱģҶû⣬ֻҴѡ
磿
˱ɫ˵˭أϺһܱϺţǧճǿ𾪡
һ֮뺫ǧ꣬齨ǵϺſܣȻһܵʲôˣʦȻһ֪
ǻĹҲûв·ƾճ䣬ƾ뺫ΪУùϺֻںҡ
ǰݵħôǧܿһ˿
˽֪һܸԳĳڹǱߣǲǧҲҪƺһǰ
ҴģĳҲҴҵǶԸħҲˡ
ǣһ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һǿϢȱһӣվߣȻǿˮ䳾Ĵܡ
ϻȱһٴμܡ
λ٣ƶϵĸʥ߶סˣһ뻪ȱ˼
Ϻſܵʵ˭˲֪û˭ЩΪУҶ޲ߵĴܣûԸǡ
ּˣżδΪǰȻﵽڶˣϲ
䳾һЦĿת俴Զףʱֺ
ˢ
ͬʱǧ˫Ŀ¶ɡĽޡ⣬һĿ⿴Ž塣
ǾؿףԭûбŽ壬ڲ֪䣬Ѿɳɵĵز
ôһλֵܣԿɲʲô顣
ǰ΢΢һЦȭ
ӦǴ˼Ӳ̰ɣҿһѾûмĶˡ䳾Ĵֵ
ߣ
вῡĿⶼ
ǺǣֻƵһ壬ݿɾ˵ˡɸЦ
ȱѾЩ飬뼧µȼλͷѾϥƶˣʶڽǿˮҲѾУֻʣ´ֵ䳾
䳾ԣɺʲôһôǱôˣ
ɸɫ̲סȵʦּΪʥһսģ֪˻ǲҪ˵ˡ
䳾֮ԱǣƵᣬϾһʥߣеķȻеģһЦֶ׵СӣͰҿ㡣
䣡
һ̣ҲƶˣΪ߸ϵʥߡ
һСιϺſܹϵĲ⵹һ飬ȳİִһ֡
΢΢һЦ˵ǧӣûκңҲȥ
ƲƲ죬뼥䣬䲻һֻƣɢ޾ĺӸ߿նһɫɽƵġ
ˡ
ŰپʮĻͭҵĶһȵĺɫâ֯һƬѤõĹĻסһơ
أ
ƴڳȵĺɫĻϣʱһ̨ȴûһ˿ĵסһơ
һʥΡȻֻ۹
ߣãõúܣ󷨹Ȼųħǰȥ򡭡
ΣܽǴʼԴȥҲԣħһҲҳв壬ЦԼ
󵨣

䣡
գͻȻҰ
һǧɵӰͻȻڼ̨ܣһʮǿħӰ֣ɢµѹޱȡ


451 ǰǿ
һ޴ħȫǧɣͨħɢضսϢ̨ŰΧ
ħΪ˽Ȼ棬ʮǿߣÿһλʥߡ
Щħ󣬻Ĵһ¾ˣҲ֪ʱħġ
˻
㳡ϣʿȫɫһ
ƶʥҲɫ¿ż̨ħսʿֹǻ壬ħҲ˸֣ˡ
ǰʮλħڵħЩ귢չĻǲǧһЦ
Ȼˣʥǻû̫ģԸʱʮʥԸЩħ
壬Ѿ׳嶼սĵزħָյҫҲĶ֡
ˢ
һɫ༫Ůڼ̨棬һͷ޴ĺţŹ˫дɱ⡣
壬ųҵȣǻ᳷ˣҽŮڣ΢΢Щ˻ƣһ˫޳¶棬ƽջ
ǺǣħǲǱʱ̫ˣ壬Ҳûĸв壬οǡдʥЦ
Ƚ˪ڶȻĺ⣬壬ѵǷҪսô
䣡
һȺʥվһǿӰҲħ˿ЩħЦսҲ˵Ը⣬ʱħ塣
ô
ͻȻ䣬ճޱߵħ۳ɹƣ˷ԲǳƵѹ׵˶΢΢ü
ˡ
еĵĻͭתһƬƬɫĻ֯һһ᲻ɴݵľ޴Ļ
ǹϢѹȻ
ϷȻҵĴ磬˭ɱһϵĮš
һֻ޴԰׵ƴǧɴĶ֯һȻǧͨ
ϮƵģ鲻ʿ̲סʱҪĤһ㡣
أ
ƺݺݵشںɫĹĻϣ̨¡¡죬޴ĹĻü䱡ǿµѹӿͷŶ
ˣ
׵ϼʥסΣ
ߣ
µߣ֣һɹʥƵɢѹ
ĻͭĻ޾ʥԲٿ󷨣ٴνɫĻӺ
ͨǵסϷģǼһҲҵĶֻ֣ȻҵĴ磬Ը塣
Уǧٵ£һһǺɫĻϡ
ۣ
ǿµòٿ󷨵λʥ߶ֵסȫѪ˲ˡ
һȺȫɫħ徿ʲô֣δƣԴʥߡ
ӣң
صħǿ߼޷ĻͭҲ˲ñ䡣
棡Ƚͷϵľ޴󹭼ٿȻɳһûɫ
ˡ
һ˲һ֧ԼǧɵĹںڰУʱʱ֣ɢеĿܡ
һħħսʿǵս˲ɡ
޾ħ˷۶Զһɽ½飬ЩبڹսħҲ˽ȥ
ҵĶһɫʸ֣ȫħ۵ľ޴ʸǧɳ
һʥ߶ѹǵأ
ã
ôܣѵǾǴ˵еħ⾿˭ȻʹħһȺʥȫɫ
ɫһ䣬ƺ뵽ǿߵݣѵǻϹû
û뵽ȥˣ˼ǵϷ򣬲ҾڶħҴ硣
ϵٴƵԺͰ
䵱꣬ԶսȽϰǳ¹Ĳҵսĳ̫Сˡ
ʱв龳ʿսһƬƬ˻ҽ
лĴΪΣú嫵ķ֮ӡ֪ǰŸոѡ
Ѻĵһ¾ǴħңЩɳǿĴ硣
֮ǰ廹Υûȳλ棬ʵЩħı⡣
嶦ʢħڶȥǹƾ岻Զˡ
塢ħȷ֮ǰĶԹɳħЭȳӡڵĵĻӲܣ

ǻӲܵ׵ܣȻûȻǴħ֮Ҳ಻Զˡ³
겻սվͱˡǧЦ漴ͷдʥĿĮǿơ
ಣ
ʱһɫʸֱ


452 罣

޴ĺɫֱӽ˺ѳһֱѷ죬ɽХ
ӿħڼ̨һͷͷɫľޣʸż̨ȥ
ʥߵɫһ䣬˵󣬿졣
ˢˢˢ
ʿӦѸ٣׵ȫһڼ̨档
૵ģȻöħ¾ħ֮Զˡ
ɫصһͷ
ǰħ뢹ȻǿʵֻѾʥҪܱȼ龳ʿ
ҺǵħҲҺ̨ڣһʸ䴩ϵ
䣡䣡
һʥʩչأǧɣǺƺƵʥɨһħ
Ĵ˽ʮλʥߣϻȱ˽ʮˡ
ǻȱϵһХǧɵ棬ֳ־ųݶҰԾء
䣡
һ֣ܲУͨںһ𣬾Ȼһ޴ơ
ɫâۺһƵĶƷɳںɫĹĻϡ
ͬʱĻͭٵתһշɳǧϯֻɫļʸ
ħ˲䵹˰ʮλħֻûһƬɫ֣ħսʿס
أ
ɫʸֱϡ
ֱӱ˺ѳƬӼʮռƬҷɣǾ޴һ㣬˼̨֮սɲǼ顣
·ѣ˹ս֮⣬ͬħҲʼ飬ɽĵѣ̶촷۱ռڶսȥ
ֻ书򣬹ĵħֻʣ⴦̨յƯУ
صѹһħ޵С
׵˶ˣؿǰһĻشս
һǧ棬ֹħ̫ˣС١
Ȼôһħѣ׳Ϊʷ
ʵħޱȵļӲ·һ񼶴սҲûл𣬵ĹųǼδսõħܴ̫أռͲȶˡ
һλħ뼧¡ǧȱ˵ĶԾһ׻ħʥء
ۣ
ΪʥߵɳȥɫҰȫѣХһǿ£塣
վǰǻȱºͲǧˡ
ɫأȻûܵħķɣҲǻҲûûˡ
֮⣬һ޴Ӱһ̳ɢȥʿǰһǧɸߵħ
ħǰɢǿħϢ
ƾЩܵסôųҴ磬ħ֮ڲɧʼԴǡ
ϺâһμٵСɣɭȻĿⶢż¼ˣĮȻ
ڲǻĹųڣƾΪûʸǰ֪ħ廹мϹŶûҲΪǣ뿪Ǽ̡ͬǿӲЦ
ߣ
˫ĿâɭȻû̸ˣ
̸ʸôô·ǳм˵һȻǿֻҪʥͿʱ
˵Ĺҵɲ⣬ħҪĴĹҿսƴȫ̶С
壬Ѿʢ˼£
Ƶ󷨣ǽ֮ȫɱˣҲ˺ݣ¡¡ȥԶ
Уһհ·УɽڰƯţС
ֻҪħĿռ䲻飬ǾͿԳ״սһ
ս
Ǹ壬һս
ԡѪܶԶ壬һħͷϣԲ̡
ҫ
ԻĹҶԣϱκζҪ
ˢ
ʱͻȻһӶɫĽӿŰĺˮֱû˻
Ľüµ˶Ȼͨ󣬵ܸܵ˫Ľ⡣
ϵ£ΨҶ
ͬҲɫ䡣
ǽޣȻóһҽӵӿŰĽȣĲҲԵôСô΢
УһɫϵسŻ

䣡
ڲϵرɲǼָֻǧɣЩͬʼս֮Χ
ںХ罣
ңԶĵطһԽһɫصѹʥ߶޷Ϣ
磡
磡
ȱȫ¶ϲ֮ɫһ
˭Ҳ벻ʱ򣬴ޱȵĵһܣͻȻսϣֱ֡


453 벽
ͻһĻʿͬҲħǿߡ
ʮλħͻȽ¶֮ɫͻȻ湥ĵǺˣȻ̶ֲȣ涼޷ѳƬ
ͣ
Хһֲܼǧɵľ޴ɫнˢŻ
ħӰƣ
ŭͻȻſһɹɺɫһɫĹӰצֱֳСǱ˫ŭ
ЩӰͬʱʩչǧͨϹɫĽ
ͬʱһȭǿµħϯأһͷͷ飬ѾǧٴΡ
ǽһˢͳ׷ֻʣһͷ­˲ָѡ
̶̵ļ䣬Ѿ˽Σ档
飡
һŭХԲնڲеĺɫһһƬ
ˢ
ʱһɫӰǰ
ɫӰͬǧɣʩչصĽ沿һˮ赲ţǻҲ˵ò
磡
ϴ󣡡
Ȼû䳾Цűˮһȷɣŭ᲻˵ô
˭¶֮ɫźۼغףһңңԡ
¡ǧ˶ɫӣͬʼԴǿһ֮һڿλϺĴܣżĲࡣ
ͬʱеɻصĵһܾ˭Ϊλħ֮Ķ
ʿһܵȻڣͨͨݳȻŮǶ
ħǣĿ΢Ȼʢ˼£ҲҪȳ硣
ƾ㣬Сһܵ˵
ʿȷƵϾǿߣû龳ɣ벽Ҳң
ʲô
ʲô
һ仰ȴǧȫɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
벽飡
⡭ϺһܾȻѾﵽ벽龳磿ʥ죿
ʼԴ龳ʿԣʥѾǾ۵սмλ龳ϹŶǣ˻ĹҸ߲֮˭Ҳ֪ǷΪ棿
ǾȻһλ벽ǿߣҿѪԻûе꣬ôһλѹǵĸǴǿ߳ǰĴɵӴױȵġ
¡ǧͬɫһ䡣
û˱벽壬ڼص£벽ȷƵ޵С
룬ѹʼԴǵӢҲûдﵽ硣
ιι벽鰡С治ϺſܳΪѡ׵
׿ЦһҿûиλǰΪѣѾǰ벽龳磬Ȼħ뿪ҲɣûЧ͵ĵط
ƲһƬİ˵ϺſܺܽǶԸңǻæġ
ϣ˰ɡ

һߣһܲûзϻĻȻƽ˵Ը㣬㹻ˡ

ĵط̫Сˣȥߵһսһ΢΢ĬƬ̣һһš
ŵĳָüµ˾ȡ
ΪĴ뿪ħķĴɵľǿִĵţԹͨʼԴǣǰⶼԡ
֮Ӧû֪غεأһƫƫ֪һʱٻš
˭
ºͲǧеɻ󣬸
ߣ
ûԥҲûѡҪȳԼĴǰʿ
һԣƬǿѾˣԲעͻ᳹״Ƭǿա
ʿͨ󱣻ȻްħսʿʱĿܡ
͵һһǰһ뿪ɽȥƵģڳ˶Ỻһ
ɱ
ٿȻħʮλħӿͨҪһٹͨ
ºͲǧӿһۣ˴˵ͷ
ԭĴϣͨħڵĵӣȻħ忴ǿһЩǾûӦ
ͨΪҫɱһ壡º޼̨
ɱ
ǧӣҲͬʱ
ɫʱ˷ܺͼ
鱨ɣ׵
ţ𣡡ɫЩħսʿɱ졣
䣡
ͨ󻺻ǰһ룬ʮɵĻͻȻӴڼ侹Ȼħһˡ
ͬʱмֱס˼λħ
ɱ
ͬʱµѾɱȥһȺʥߺͻȱһȣЩħ
׵˶ɫħ·ꡣ


454 ɽ
ĴħʽֵͬʱǾ޴ļ̨ͬһĶǵĻ档
ʮĵص硣
ȻԳһ磬޴ƵģһڵĵĻɵĻŰţȵĳȡ
һİ벽ԪʿҲ޷ӽᱻȵĵĻ˲ڻޡ
Уһ޴ħȫѪڽɵӲţ˳ʴͱڿС
֫ͬԴһִڽӹ̶ţӵһ쵽ޣ
𣡡
Ǿ޴ħȻ۾һ޷ĺħɲǼϯص硣
Ϸ˯˰꣬ڿԳȥˣҪɱ壬ɱ尡ͷ׷ħŭ𣬽ȫһڽ
ˢ
Ӱڵصڡ
һϮµļӢɫƽžĻ޵ֻЦЦһָǰ
䣡
һľ޴ڰУŷХƿݺһӾڻ޵ǰء
ۣ
»޵ѾǴħҲһҵȫһһѪ
ͬʱҲ֣һֲֻĴƴڻ޵к󱳣һŷŽɫķͷԵĹߡ
һ˺һͩգȻҲɵ޵ǰݺһˢˢħʮΪ
ͩˢٴΣľλǿ۵þƣһЦ
壬ǾҶãѾˣϷѾܹĥˣΪʲôɱң޵д˱ߡ
ʵ걻ųɣҲᱻӢ裬һħǲ𾳵ǿߣǱ龳ҪֲĴڡ
Ӣ΢΢һЦ˵ֻҪǰ˵ǸܣԸǰعħأΣ
ʲôܣ޵쳤Хŭ
Ǻǣǰα֪ʣħƹһͨţֱͨɽ磬ֻõŶѡ
ֻǹϵĴ˵Ϸ֪޵ЦɵһԶżӢ۵ˣмЦԭĿģֲðǰɱң
Ӣ˶ֻ΢΢һЦûб⡣
ΪղأǸǿ߱Ҫһװɣ
ǰѲ£֪뱻ӡѾȥ˶ˣӢ΢ЦͻȻڵ
޵ɫ΢䣬ʶʵʲôˣ
ǰӡʱѾȥһһʮ꣬ǵħԹഫĽʱˣʱȻ֣Ϊ˵һ죬Ѿ˰ꡣ
޵ɫһٱ䣬ĿüĮȻ֪˺ܶܣҲӦ֪ħԭĳνɣ
ţԭɣ˵񡣡Ӣ΢Ц
ͨɽ뵽ǰ֪Ӣ۶Ƭֹ̣΢Ц
޵ߣ˵ֻħ΢һͨɽ֪
ǰȻջӣҲѾǰʵݣչⰵҵСӣô
޵ɫ䣬˫ĿȻµâܹᴩغģضˡ
嵱֪ҪǰĻҪܶ࣬ǰαװȱΪζӡ㣿еĵӦġ
ơ
ǺǣһжΪѾʢ˼£Ǳ뿼δ֮·ˡӢЦ
Ȼ֪֮ͨţҲӦ֪֮ͨŲֹһõһ֮ͨҲá޵г
ӢЦͲ÷ˡ
ɱҰɣҸ֪֮ͨģҾ֪Ҳǵġ޵пЦ
ǰǣǻ᲻ϵħǿǰϣħ֮ǰǰͨ
޵Ѿ۾Ҳ뿪Դ֪ѹĿģʶʵӲ
ûвĳǿ䡣
Ӣۿβػ޵УҲʩʩȻ뿪ص硣
֮ʣֳͩľǿЦ˵һ䣺һսҪˡ
޵ȫ΢΢һ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫʼû˫
Ӣۼߺ󣬻޵лǵ˫ۣ૵ĲҰ

ɱ
̨棬ʱսҵսѾħʥħתսǧ
ǺƵƥʥħǿնڲ
׺ͼһȣ˳ˮħ
ףѾҵǧ֪Ҫ˶ԸͻȻ˶д׷侲


455 սǧ
ɫһ𣬽ŸԽߵħʿɱɾâԶ
˵ȥûиսκӰ죬ǲҵսȻݱؽţʱдƬѪƮģҲħġ
֮⡣
׷һƣ֮ɫϢҲü΢ؿһ˰ֳ̣һ׹˸ľסǧ·
ȥɣ
һɫĳǹǹӰסǧһǹ̳·γһӣӿһס˶Է
֣ˡ΢΢һЦͷʾ⡣
ˡ׷ͷĿ壬סǧҲֻǸ׺ͼһӡ

׳սУ΢΢һָǧգһͼѹȥ
飡
һħӭײ˽ͼֻЦȻΪˣطӡɱȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һ߼ͬʩչȫһżǹеĳǹǴʥƵʥܡ
ݣ
һǹƽ̹ȥǧһķɣǹ⼱һ·һڿлǧ
һɫĺڿʣϳˢǧ
ǹۺ˪ɷǹκһͨװԵͷ
˪ɷһɫӣб³ˢǧ
ɷͬɸıɷż˺ÿδǧʱ£ʵ۵ԪֱӴУҪķѴȥ

ǧԭˣʥߴֻʣ°ű׷˰죬һսѾɡ
űŭļֹʱͳŲסˡ
䣡
ɫѪѨɳɫԽǷϣһ޴
ħԲǧɣɢһɲڴʥĺܣһɹɺɫ籩ɳϯˡ
ձɱ㣡
˫Ŀ˸źâΨǧٴѣüķɳʮʥǧɴ󣬶סķա
ⲢǬ󣬶Ǵ󷨡
ʥΪ˲䲼һȻûʲôʱձ׷ӡǧڵս޷ƿ
أ
ٴλȭӡһǰѲ񷣬ŽƵȫǧϣⷭɣϵغˡ
ͽɫǹ׳Զסħ
ʱʱ֣ȫɿµϢǵأײµĴ
ǡҪϾɱ𣿡
ǧﵹˣûʱһˤֻһΡ
Ȼɸߵ岻Ϻ£ϢԽ΢ͬʱһᴩգʤ
ƣ
ͻȻǧﱳһۻӡϣɼһߺһβ
ۣ
ǧɫ䣬һƶɵ˺̫ˣŭһٶħطɳһɱ˼
ն
һնɫĽ޼᲻ݣֱӽն롣
ɫ԰׵Զڳ貹ĵղһȫľ񣬿νһ
ˣ
΢΢һϢ׺ͼٴɱȥ̶һ˲䣬ǧѾ£壬ɫһγ־֮ɫ

ħһ˺ѿռ䣬ȴһĪҲһʥȻѡ
ħԽÿһζ䲻˺ѿռ䣬ȴܷһʥ̶Ƭ̼䣬ͱ߰˰ˡ
ˣ
׺ͼ¶֮ɫͨתսһƬһƬա
˫Ŀ˸ݵĹâٿȻ䱳һᣬ¶һ˿˾ֵܣɽӡɽϢܡ

ƽƽչһӾ;סǧ֮УܴͻȻȼ˻ᣬ洫ǧҵĽ

ɫ԰׺£Ȼٿر̫ķʱܴͱ˺ܶ࣬ǧҪѳ
䣡
һӳڼϣ䲻ٿػᣬȴܴ͸
ͬʱһ޴ƯڿУʱһâڡ

Ҳ˺ݣһٽرǧ

ǧɣ˶ԲˣָƬ̺Ҳ̫

ʱǧҵĽٴδħһӰѵɫĳǹһƬħӰײڻϡ
ۣ
ۣ
׺ͼ񵹷ɳȥһɿµħɵȫѡ


456 ʤ
䣡
ħײڴӿĻϣʱײķѣɫĳǹһٴεסħ
أ
ǧǱ߳ϢѾ΢˼㣬ȫѪ˾ųɣֻһ˿
һеطɵħڣħںһ𣬽ɫǹȥ
޴ħһʥ
ߣˣ
ֳֳ˽һһѤõĽɫȥǺƵʥǵأ޿赲
ͬʱҲֳɫǹǧǹӰһ˪ɷ޴ħ֡
˲ϵʩչǿͨٴΰǧħڱƳɫ󺧣̲סе游ң
˭ҲȲ㣬Ŀ⼫亮䣬һմӡͺ˹ȥɫǹٴεסҪԮħ

һɽ֮ŨߴСһԵشǧϣѸٱըֻ̼ʣһͷ­
ǲɱңҵ游Źġǧĵսľˣ˫Ŀ¶޾ľ
䣡
ʱһɿµħͻȻħͷųħ纣ޱȵͿֲ

ħһ˦ɫǹŷԲڵտʼһһֻµƴħ̽
ԽһƬϢôͷųȻȻҪһЩ˿ʥ
游
ʣһͷ­ǧﾪϲشУ游ңҰ
ģ
٣
׺ͼɫͬʱһǵɫֻƬ̣һԾصϢգһ͵סˡ
һֻ޴ƴңԶһӾץסħֻͬһͬק
ؼ䣬һϷʰЦ浱ҲôȻˣͱȥˣ·

Ц䣬׻侲س֣һ͸ǧԴֻʣһźɫԪڳʼ޷롣
һˡЦ
šع񣬶һǧԪ飬ħʥӵʱò
ɱǧֵܽǣΪǱˣǿ԰Ϣˡ
΢΢һЦվһû˵΢ƽһЩʵղǼ˰ɣ
ͷ˵ţϰֳˣѾսɣħ岻Ķ֡
Цŵͷ
Ӣ۵ʵûлɹ˵ûдﵽ龳˭Ҳ֪ʵжôֲ
ڷɳǣһľ磬λǵжôĿ¡
ߣǽŴսһϢһЦʵܸо֮⣬ǲҵսڼ
ս
شĺܸɴ࣬սȥ
ЦЦҲսĺĵشʱȥⳡսԽѪȣеǲ֫ϱۡ
ħĴɾĵҲ˺ܶ࣬ʥ˺ۣ䡣
׺ͼս֮ɱȻ޷ħһսͨħսʿܵסǵһ
䣡
һͻȻ򿪣ӷӵͬʱʮʥħֱɱħ
һսҹ
ħǿκڶʢ˼£ħսʿϤսͬʮħҲ½䡣
һսͨشص硣
޵пһħսʿͬЩħҲ𣬺ڵħ򣬶ʱ쳤Х
ȫھҵĲصȻ̣ƾħҲ޷˺ա
̫ˣħ֮УҪϾɱ𣿡޵߿գ
С֮ʱħΪѪʳָνֻͣһһѣ֮ͨţǸǻ·
߿Уһĵ
޵дŴĬˣɫؿһ仰˵
Ǻǣǰ뿴ǵĵһЦŻ޵ǰһתһŻԴڵħڡ

޵ȫ𣬻ǵˮ˫Һ㰡Һ㰡
ɫһŵؿŻеĵһܣ¶Ȳ˼֮ɫ¶֮ɫǡܣܻţܰ
ǰʶˣ
޵нŵһܵӰ㶢˺ôһ૵ˣӦҿˡ
˭
޵ûʹر۾֪ħһΰˣܵһͿء
壬ȷʢ˼£ħеҲʧܡ


457 ̫
ⳡ׳սʤգĴɸ߲֮⣬󲿷ֵӲ֪ⳡսĳԣֻΪħ
ǼҲ֪޵ػһͨɽŻĻܣ֪˲ࡣ
ħѾ״ˣֻһмʮɵļ̨յشţһԶԵʿ뿪ʱټĵħֱޱȼž
Ϻ
һصС
ױܴһܹȻص˼£Ȼʱ߳ħ򣬲ҪĴɰæ
磬ֵܣЩͷʢ콾˿ѼŽ塣һ乬ڣȱΪһס
׺ְܹݵǰ
һȻһϮеˮסݣϵϢѾȫһƽˡ
ǺǣСѱɡһ΢΢һЦ˵
лǰԵϷһЩʳ
ȱЦŽ͵磬ʧʱ䣬ֵʵ̫ˣҼıҡҷݣΪڵħΣգԾֵҵֵһȥؾ㡣
һܵͷˬʵЦøλֵܵˣǰȷһЩϰȥˡ
š
ȱ˵ͷ³ç䳾ڶûȥѯʵһΪʲôȥħΪǶ֪Լ缫أԸ˵Ҳ״
˵һأԼֵ֪ܶȱ˶ǳ𾴺ͳ
ΪһܵȷǺܺãȱȵģ˵ûеһܵĴڣǼͱҸɵˡ

磬Ȼβȥ㣬Ҳƽ£ֵվǷһ顣䳾ӡܺãһھƾЦ
Сߣ˵ʲô˵ôҲˣһܾЦ
䳾ҲЦˣ˵׵Ů˼޸С˵ֵȥŮ
ȱ΢Ц磬֮ǰǵȷǴӦСѣֻҪܴǽؾǾͰæ
ҲеܷϺſܵԸңؼȡڵһܣҪǲͷ»ȱҲ֡
ǰһĻ׵ؿȱԵһܱϹϾ˵仹¶һ˿֮⡣
Ǿȥȣҵֵʲôʱʧˣ˵úҳԱ飬Ҫ𣿡һЦ
ȱ˶һ
䳾ЦСӣ˰ɣǳְ㣬Ů˾޸ġ
¶΢ЦоվϿңлλǰ
С˼죬ԭ뾡ȥȳλܶͬ⣬Ϊھ̫ˣҲúҶ档
ȵ֮󣬴лֳؽһս
䳾˵üɫ裬ֱԾԿú羡ʧ
λҲ׷׵ͷһܶӦҪ֮žˡ
ֱۣ
ȺزµĴ˵ǿһ֮ưոݣ»Ὣŭк𽣶졣
ҲԽ𽣶˸飬ȻԸ⽫ˮţҪı伸λܵȻҲѡ
װһʲȥ𽣶ʱҲֻ취

ǰϺȥħѾаʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʦֶôˣ
ɳ̲ϣ䳾׺Ⱦƣ˺֮Цʵ
Ŷ˵Ӱ䳾ֵ
ţԡ
ܲһҰĵˣҺܶýƣľ˶ΪƱĿɽǼֵܡ
ҡͷһЦλʦֶĲ˸ֱȥľȻᡣ
ûʲôĻʳֵܻû䳾һЦ
Ȼ
ҲֻϺſܸôе˵仰Ҫ֪ǴĻʳҲǴŵɣȻȻĹҪҲư벽Ĺҡ
Щ֮Ҷ壬ǴĻʳ磬Ҳ벻Щ˵ķۡ
ӺܶΣμңһҴһҵս¯࣬ѾΪ̫ˡ
ȻĻʳԹžûֻһ̫ӵ˵֮⣬Ĳһλ׵Ļӡ
ϺſȻǵ鱨䳾ԴĻʳһЩҲָƣ˶˵Ĳ˵ԭǱģ˭ܵ͵һСһ
ɫһݣкȻֳһòģڳʱһ棬뼸һλս
ʱ;ôӾǳ֮ȻˣĻãܾľȻԼơĲˡ


458 С
ϺС˼֮󣬱׼ȥҲ䳾֪ڲûбɣֻǲ߳Ϻˡ
Ȼ£׼뿪Ϻȥһľ
Ϊ䳾е֪мλˡҲǰľо멺Ҷ֣ѾɹȻ֧Ĳ
ױ˳Ծһλڵĺʥȥľס׵ĸۡ
һٶ˴Ļʳѵ½ĹҪ֧ˣĲ͹ƾûκˡ
ȻڴԹƱϺſܣϾûһλľֹϺſܻһֱҴѹ֮¹ƱΪʵһɡ
뿪صС䳾λǰУͬʱЦŸ֮һ޵ذȳ
лϺλܣֱϴ̨ľȥ
ˢ
ľ֮⣬״Ӵ̨߳ľͬΧ֮ڶ޷ʹǫ̂
ۻľ۾ʮĳǳ֮һޱȵĹϣʷѧеʥء
Ǹаǧɵĳǽľǽڹ˸޾ĵǹۣԳųǵĲ
ʵľǸսʱ򣬵ȷ˺ܶιļҶɹһδΣѣҲԽԽֱѾΪĲʳ֮һڻĹңʵɲ⡣
Ƭ̺ױľſڣǳظһֹΰưĸоƣŰ߲ʷϢ
Ҳ֪ľĿ£ǴĻʳĺģ£סǧ񣬶ļҲ
ľǲֹκ˳룬ʿͨˣȻǳ龳ʿҲ⵷ҡ
ŵĲʳκ֪ĵ̡
ױе̤ľǣŴĻʳĹĻ֯ǳķÿһֵݵĺܿͣʮ
ڽйһʱױ㾶ֱסĸۡ
ƣѾͻգѾ±ƣͬʱҲλ̫֮һڵĸۡҲǵʵʹ͵ģǻʵʱסĵط
ľطͬǳޱȵľ޴ȴƷУ˻ʼҵľ֮⣬κʿԷɵС
ǧǰһλʥزмһˣշɵоͱһƴһƴʱǧձȫһ˿йҲ֤ľоʱ
׸ղڳʱѾ֪Բʮľ޴ųǱǧ󷨰ÿһֻۣһ
ŦλڹųشĻʹ
ӹųǣ˵ʥ龳ʿҲֻҪ㹻ǿ߲ٿ󣬿Ժɵľһλ龳ǿߡ

׹һһͷ˳ƱڿĽֵܵúܿ죬Լǰʱ֮󣬱һưׯ԰ǰ
³̧֮ۿ˿ǰۡ΢΢һЦ
ۡƣе˵׼ˣϵҲǵʵ۱µġ
ʵȹ꣬Ȼǧȥˣδɢȥ
׸³һҲһȵͣ˴ӳȫͷɣһİ
Ťͷһף¶벻ı飬ׯ԰
ׯ԰һӶʿѲߣƺϵ⼸Сᣬûͷǽȥˡ
ף򱻵˴ſڡ
ιҲµģļҵĺӣôľĵû㣿һСתͷʵ
΢΢һЦƵѡ
˻һ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩͲ
ľĵλݣһ˶Ҫһ£ЩΪЩ֪ߵغˡ
ʲôǵµôڵ¹Ϊ̫ӣԺע㣬Ҫſڿˡ˲
ȻһЦû뵽Щ竵еλߵģǰ⼸˶ԾǼӣЦŵͷҲû˵ʲô
߰ɣǽȥɣǸľɣҲ֪͵¹ϵΣղ˵̬ǲã⣬ڵݲͬˣЩҲҪעӰ졣һλȥȽϳɳصЦ
ֻЦҲ˵
䣡
͵һȺ׼ʱһڲԶͣͬʱһλɫʿ
ʿư֮ɫ⽫벽ԪϢɢʿٴУѸٽ֮Χ
תͷ۾ȥ
أȥ磬ʿһǧɡ
΢΢һ£ɲĲô


459 ˵е
վׯ԰ſڣȤؿǰһĻʿȻǲһӣһΪҲѾﵽ벽Ԫʥ֮⣬ȷʵ˭Ҳ
󵨣
վһɫȻһɫݵغȵʲôҲֱµ䡣

˴ЦźԤ׵ؾͳȭߵһʿȫɳȥˤڼĵϣȫڱѪ֪˶ٸ߹ǡ
ʿɭȻһЦ󲽳ſͬʱЦǵĵ£ӿһϵûУ½̵ĵӣǰƨ
ȫɫ԰ףԤϵûܣһſס˴š
ʲôǵµĸۡӲղλϳɳصȵ
СƨҿˡʿؿǣһϢԽ񱩡
ˣ
ɫȻƿһ߳üͷ뿪ɣתҶһĵͼϷˡ
ĿʱͶϣǼ˸¶ɻ֮ɫΪʲô׻ô󵨣
Ҳ΢΢һײڶΪʱʱһЦƾҲҶԱָֻţ
أ
÷ϻһӡʹ˳ȥ˾͸оضڲضҪ߸һ㣬ǿµѹȻֻһţȴҲɫ䡣
һҽУ˵ɳȥȫͷžڵʱͷ·һ̲Ƶġ
⣡
ڵʿӿ˳һĻˣǼСҲ¶Ȳ˼֮ɫ
ԭΪֻǵʱϵõѣû뵽ȻôĿ£һܴһλ벽Ԫʿ
ʦ壡
ʦ壡
ϲʱҲׯ԰ڴƺŷϴ߳־Ͱݡ
Ƶһʦ壬𾪵ͬʱмʶҲ³׵ݡ
˻
СҲǼʶ֮˴˿Ļв׵ĵϾͲ³վǰ굽˭
һȺ˶ʱһ
콾ߵ콾ΪδпܾţŽ壬ף
˵Ӱʮʱ䣬Ѿ˺պһУ׾ԲȽ𻢡׷˲
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ž壬ؽͷųҫǬĹâ

㣬ף
һƼɲзϵһХǿ޸ƣΡΡվ
΢΢һЦ˵ôѵð𣿡
ɫӣɫްһתߣ˿ͣ
ôҲ½̵ĵӣ׵¼˵һ˶֪ŽĺȻʮ꣬ϲ֪մ˶ɽ׵ʥҲɱ˫
ҡͷһЦҶðϷδ̫ͼˣȴЧʥһ㲻׸ԤС԰벽ԪʿԵޱǿ
ûϵͻȻּ̧ʹʿ
ʦ壡
ʦ壡
ŷϴƶϲٴһݣŷϴϲ˵ʦʱľģ
ЦҲǸ
æʦ롣
۽ǵֿǼСᣬҲЦǼŸʲô
ţţáϳɳصæصͷʱĿ˾η
˸¶ޱ𾴺ͳ֮⡣
Щ˶ԣ׼ֱǴ˵е콾ߵĴڣѰʱ
ڣнŮϲˮ͵ģղһ·Ҳ۲ׯ԰
ȷܳƵϴ磬һõط
ֻׯ԰ڵĸδһЩоǧˣŷϴ֮ȴκθ֡
أ׺һڲ裬Цʵ
һʱûСѾͷͦѾͷģÿߣǳ˻ֺЦ
ŷϴ΢΢һЦʦýսˣŲ¹ء
ײĿ⣬ŷϴŵ¹ǻʵСŮʮ꣬ǻúͣʦһʣѾʦõ㡣
Цŵͷ¶֮ɫ˵òĳҵԤϡ
ŷϴЦ˵ʵûʲôæȫʦԼһλμҡ
ƴЦʦǧô˵μҿɲʲôôʣžƵġһЦſˣһ֣ǲʦôôռȴ˵ˣ
˶ʱ¶֮ɫְݵַŷ¼ܼˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ʲôһ˼Ҵ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ£Թﱻ˴ˡ


460 
ž
ɫеĲ豭һ仰û˵
ƺŷϴɫȻ䣬¶־壬Ƽô£
£ԹŲ¹ȥԳԣ֪Ϊѩ鹫ִѩ鹫һ´һƣڻԳ
һ仰û˵ɫĮȻؿƣ䣺ȥԳҲԸľѪɺӡ
ס׹ѣ嶼һ£ֵ̿ʦĪھʹȥ
ҲȥҶСʦó֣ѩǻˣŷϴɱâԶ
ȫһ仰˵о׵ŭɱ
໥һۣĵѩ鹫ľ̫ˣߵ壬ˡ
ƴ׺ŷϴҴҸʼԳͬʱ·Сؽѩ
ѩĲã׾סΪĸ׼󣬶׸̫ӣСͺܰ裬Щ겻֪˶ٵС
ΪĲ簮ͰӣѾͷǵûܵͷ䱾ԽźݣȻƯԷŵǧ쳾˵Ĺϵ
š
ƵĽܣֻǵһͷеɱȴ˿ΣǴ̹ǵɱƺŷϴȻйѵļ
´󺧣׵ΪȻ˳ԾŰûƺ˽
ŷϴѾ쾳磬Ҳ޷ֵɢһɱ
ʦȻֻڶΪʵսѾ޽ӽʥˣ治֪һ̤ʥ磬ʦսжô£

ʱʼԳ
Գǳһɽ˷һ߼ʵĲԭꡣ
ļһӵĥĵطԴԴϵ޸ص޷ЩһЩҲԳ
Щ̷ΪᱻᣬʳѾ䲼˷ɣֻҪԳ겻ߣɻָɡ
ֻǼְ֧꣬ǰĻҵɱΪǿ󣬵ҲδԳЩǿ޵Ķ֡
ʮӣ
Գſڵʿ˶ɫ΢΢һ䣬¶η֮ɫ
Գ淢Ļ᲻֪ʮӰˡ
䣡
ɫֱ࣬ӷɵУһѩ飬Ҷʦó֣
£ѩ鹫λԹϢһʿС˵
ˢ
һѾʧ
ŷϴƶͬʱսɫ䡣
ߣʦɱ䣬ҪɱǸ׳չ¾Ͳʰˡŷϴٵ
š
Ҳ͵һ¶һ˿Цжݺѩ飬ο˴鷳ˡ
֮⡣
һϮҼѪ߰ߣһɼǵĵۣһλĶ˵ŮŭǰһȺˣ
˶棬վʮˣһλŻŮ¶Ц֮ɫü価ֺΡ
һȺڻһѾﵽ벽Ԫزɫƽдһ˿ݡ
ô澻ô쿴ƵϣһΪƾͿԸа壬Ҫɱ㣬ҹô𣿡
ѩ񣬶ɰһ˫¶ļ֮ɫ
ѩ㣬̫ˣ㲻ǺˡŮĲ¿޵滨꣬ŭѩ顣
ѩЦһһȺ˶Ȼŭ϶ʱ¶յЦݣ֪Ϊʲôû𣿾ʮ㣬˳һ硣
ƽؿȻḶ۵ġ
ңľ˭ҶҶ֣ǻָҸһƾѩЦ
䣡
һϢԶһʢѪǵأããޱߣ˶һ
һ̶¶ϲ֮ɫ¶ЦݣĹܲס
ѩ龪ɲԼһɫӰǿ񱩵񷶼ѹˡ
ҵˣˣ
̧ͷųõЦݡ
ߣףŽװľѩߵλ벽ԪʿɫͻȻüѿֳޱȵľ֮顣
䣡
һ޴ƴѹʮأƺݺһգһֻȭͷݺ
ߣ
껤ѩƳȥʮɣŭһͨһȺ˵ֵһȭ
һȭ֮췭ظ
ۣ
ۣ

ֻȭͷ£һ߾屬ѣѪѪǺɣ漫ĲҺͱŰ


461 
ɫȭͷ޼᲻ݣǺƵƥϯʮأһ߾屬ѣѪɣɲǼѩ֮⣬
Զѩ䣬һϴ޾ľ֣ȫشŰӣһƨɶڵϲ֡
䣡
ɫâɢȥɫĮȻسһۣѩһУŵûʹȥ
û°ɣ׿ұ˵ֻоһŭֱͷ֮ܣɱ졣
ѽһС˶ѣû¶۵Цݣ۾Цúܿɰ
׶ʱ¶֮ɫһָɳһ˵ұۡ
óһҩǿѾͷ¡
Ƭ̼䣬СѾͷȫȬЦִ磬ҵĺãĲ£Ҹϲõá
Ĳգ˫ۣüȻۣһҲܿӡ
΢΢һЦ¹
ִɣҾ㡣Ĳ󷽣һɸ߹ʡ
ಣ
ʱƺŷϴǶ˿޴󰭵ͬʱ
ĵˣ¾ûʰˣ׵ԸȻľս
ʦãû°ɣŷϴеʵ
ʦ֣û£ҧһڰˡŲԶڵϲѩ飬ɵغһ
ŷʦֶͲ¹Ȼȥ׿ѩ飬ɫȻĮȻ
ƺŷϴж΢΢һҲ˵ʲôŷϴһѩ飬а̾һŮˣ
ʦã¹߰ɡ
šͷĲµС֣Цãǲš
ƺŷϴͬʱ¶ı飬СѾͷҲѪ֪׺пܻ¶ɱѩ飬ɫȻƽ糣
תһ־úˣȻͣ˵ҲظŮӡ
ĸͣŽףŮһôȻ϶ȲףǾԱһҪöࡣ
ŷϴ뿪󣬲ԶѩɫԽǰܣѾ¶֮ɫ
ŽĴ̫ˣҲ֪ĺûҴ֮
ףҴĲĸ׵ļڻʳҲҶңСǵıѩӣ˵
׹ŹֵһЦԾĿвָ罣һɨֱӷѩ֫

ѩҲھʿȻ֫ǿû̻ʣһĲҽдȥԶԶһĻȴǰһ
ѩȻֲ˵еŽ壬ɸ¡
ɫΪؿѩһԲҽУһ仰û˵ƺµʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ףȻĸҶҳ֣Ҵǲģҵʦǻ
ž
һ죬һֻ۵ƴѩϣӲشĻĲҶּǶ
ľڽֹУҲֻǳв÷ɣԳǻʼҵĥĵطȻᱻֹС
֡ĲɫȻӿֵ
Ҷ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣԽɲף˫΢΢
멣ȻѾΪҶֵĸ࣬ΪδرȵŷϴѲ׿
֣֪εҷǳǸҲѾõѵʹ˰ΣĲЦݣǫѷ
һԣȥҩΪѩֹס˿ڣ˲
ǳ޺ͷ񣬴е磬ΪʲôҪݣѵǻҪһҪ
סڣҴȥĲɫһڣ
ѩ뿪ԳʱĿһ˵֣һûߡ
ĲǺЦһСìܶѣΪ˺ˬܲҪΪðɣ
ҶҲ΢΢һЦ˵ֵֺαΪһСǴȥҲá
ƽһЦؿǣҪǽûľǲǾͳԶˣ
Ĳɫ΢䣬Ц⻰ʲô˼
һ֣ĲͷҲ׷£ѩ뿪ľɣܻص
˻һĲ˵ɫüѿ
ѩǼеף㲻Ҫ̫ˣվɱҰ
Ĳɫްؿףüǲеǿˣ
ȻֲԸ⣬ֻܶԲˣ뿪ֻĿƽֱ


462 ȸ
ĲɫؿףҶɫҲúѿȻǶҪʲô̡
˵鶼һı
ԭĲɨƵӣôĻʳЩȨǿһԼߵ˶ˣʲôʱȥλ
ĲҲֻѩ̶ƶѣûԼȥ
˭ףǸɷǺǵô˫õʧˡ
κ㲻㣬ѩ鲻ǡʱľȫĲԭԤƣԵַѩ֫ʱλӲδֹ
ֻСףԷץס˰ѱһĲпܻɥ
Լöˣ˿϶ΪλӲûʲô
֣Ѿ֫ҾĳͷѾ㹻ˣαػǵĽ飿Ĳ۾ͳ
ؿһ仰û˵ֻĿԽԽ䣬ͷųɱ
ҶüףǲҪ̫غܿͻᴫľƵѾˣ㻹𣿡
ףǲ뿪ľģ붯Ǿ;ԣľǽ𽣶졣
䣡
Ĳ۹һ͸޾ϣһɰɽٶۻϢҡϣʾۺΪ
ǾͶְɣ

ͬЦһƾճ֣һƽﲻֱնĲ

ͻȻһӴдһɬѹɽѹƵʥϯԳ
һֻɫƴӿնݿһ޴Ľ
һ˦֣˳⣬ͷֵ޾ʥ
ԶİУһӰ֣ɫսۣڷ٣˫Ŀ¶֮ɫ
˳֣ɫʱһ䣬æһҲͶĲˣ
ȸô֯׿еλʥߺɫûʲô仯
һ仰УѾ³˵ݡ
Ļʳܲӣȸһֻ֧ΪڴĻʳץˣĻĴСɣʳɱ˻
ǻһ֣Ϊȸܲľߣֳ֮Ϊ
ĳĻʳ̸֮ɫĻ⣬Щ˼ɣɱ飬˶ûк³
ڸ࣬мʮλʥɽΪ߱Ϊһ
ˣʵȨЩϹŶ֮⣬ȨΪߡ
ѾЧӣԺֻӡһɫᣬʹ¶°֮ɫ
ɫƽ糣ֻǵһͷû뵽Ҫǰҿɽˡ
һЦһĿ⿴ʱȻâһɲбɱ
ˣ
ܵ纣ʥͷĳ˲ųâһױס
һʲôҵʦ壬Ҳ콾λ콾Ҷ֣
Ǻǡ
һȻһЦΣϻû飬Ҹ𽣶һӣǾʹȥ¾͵Ϊֹɡ
ƻ˵ʲôЦһ֣ȻʧЦô磬ȻɳһλʥΪңѵΪû𣿡
£ƺһĮȵٲȥݹֱˡ
ģԣͻȻ䣬һʮ
һɿ񱩡ԾصϢϢޱȵǿµһԪ죬Ҳ޷סϢ
飡
һֻ޴Ʒ·һƬ񷣬һȫ֣ҿľڿռ伫̣һϢͱء
ʲôˣ
һɫ䣬һڿƮһڵһڷŰɫĳһС
үŵɹңĶ·Գһ磬졣
£һĵߣǧɳ
ױӡǡ䳾ˣĲȻ뵽һˣɫ䡣
𣡡
һһѤĵ⻮ƳգһٲҪؽؿƵġ
ҪռӵǿԷһսƾ㣿٬ЦǲͻȻݺһѹһĪԳһ
ֱֲ˵⣬ŵһ㵹ɳȥ춼ѪѪǿޱ޼ʣֻһУһͱˡ


463 
һԡѪɳȥֻһֲĴӡ˲ʹݻʥԪ񶼲ս
˭ľ֣ȻܵصˣôҲʥһХȫƿһԽֲʥǵأһɱ
һְֳɫսȸ֣еս֮Ϊȸս
ʥеսȻҲһʥһɢԳڲ
Զɽе޷ڵϲ
ʥһŭѡ
ü̵Ŀռ䡣׿ܿռ䲢һ˿ѵļҲɵؾ
ľǲʳ겻֪жپǿ֣߳ӹǳصĿռӲȡ
ʥһŭǧռ䶼Ҫ飬һƬӿĺڶ
ô𣿡
һߴӰڰУ¶ζЦݣЦЦŻӣ˵ǴĻҪӣҲɱ󡣡
ǡ䳾
һ˳֣΢΢һɫ¶Ⱦ֮ɫһĨη塣
ߴ䳾һ޷ɱݺϺҶκβãΪһϾϳ䳾ݡ
ϣϳˣҪҸղŸռˣҪٶ֣ͱҸɵ㡣䳾Ц׵ӰĲҶɫѿ
ԭϺſܹһ½̺;ɽׯȻ󣬵δظˡ
Ǵ˵еĵһܣɲ⣬ʱʥ磬޵е龳
ԭǰĳˡһɫ粻˼Ƭ̺ڻǹִһк
ǰɣҪ֧˭ûıʥߵвСҲҪˡ
䳾һЦЦа׳֣Ҿɱʱ˭ۡ
ôӵȷռĶ֣ҲЩϹŶĶ֣ǸҶӳҶ绪ȱƢɲá
ɫԽǰܡ
Ҫǵһ䳾Ĳ壬òǳ֣ʦռܸɵߴܡ
ֻϺſֱܲ˴ˣ˵һ֮⻹лȱϵһŭ֮Ѫϴľ
Ȼǿڶ࣬ѱص֮⣬˭Ķ֣οȱлһ˵еĽ
ǰˣĳô֣ʦţҲǲ𡣡΢΢һЦָ˴򶨡
ÿһλʥ鶼Ͼ޹һ֮ƽ飬𾪺Ҳٳ費ˡ
ãǹʥ߲Сǵķ̫ĵˡ䳾ЦЦ
һ΢΢ͷ뿪ˡ
׺Ĳ̸У޷ˣλͷԳ˭Ҳס䳾
ߺ䳾棬ЩѰۿĹػصڡ
Цһֵܣּˡ
ǰ
ǰƵɫܹһ
䳾Цô
ĲҶֵҲ䳾ʺã򲻵˭ҲϺſΪУĹҶκβõͽǣôǵ
ţǼȻȥˣСǵĶ޹أҲκϡ䳾ͷһ뿪Գ

䳾ߺĲ˶ЩҶָ̾һĿ䲻֪Щʲô
һǾ仰ѩҪô뿪ľûҪôʥߵĽ沢δӰ׵ľȻˮؿĲ졣
ĲҡͷɫҼ㣺û̸ˣҾ;ֳˣҵ뿴ֵֶΡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
üëһҪ֡
磬ʲô㲻ùˣҪٸҶҳ֣ʦǲŹġѩĲĿԹضףЦ¸㣬ʦǻ
סڣĲɫ䣬ȵ
ʦ˭òǺ쳾ڳĻɣ΢΢һЦͻȻʵ
ѩɫ΢䣬ĲȴһЦ˵Цˣǻʼҵôܻаɡ
ǺǡײÿɷЦЦ
ʮܣεˣһȫЭյͬһĸ׼ҲΪĸֻһ㿴Σ
жʱһס
װ̾һ֪ƶ˼ѩҳ⣬ӣ
ѩԳſҹ¾ˡһ֣ת뿪ͲĲ˵Ļᡣ


464 
΢΢һЦҲ˵һ䣺ʲôʱն֣һȫϣҲϣ羡óһ
ȥĲĶŵ׶ʱ࣬ôһƽ顣
磬Ϊôȥʦ
ž
ĲɫĿ£һѩϣɭɭ˭ĵӶ֣
ѩ鱻һƴЩ£ŵؿԼ磬ðβżеĲ㻹Ҵң㲻ΪұҲˣң
ǻҵļƻһɱ㡣ĲĿ䣬ն飬ûһ˿ڡ
УԺٸỨַ֣㡣ĲЦԹԵعԳſ죬𣿡
ѩ鱻ŵò֪룬ԼҸôһ棬ǰĲеޱߵĿ־壬·ԵһаħԼ״硣
Ĳûõı飬һתߡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦѩȰ㻹ǲҪ֣ļҵġɵ䡯ϵĵ֮ǰ縡ư

ʦ壬Բ𡣡
·ϣ֮ɫС˵
˵Щװ֣˵һɣŷϴľ㣬ĶԸĲô
ЦЦǷǿȻĲĵ֮ɣҵĶ֡
ǺǡҲ΢΢һЦ˵ļҵҲ룬Ҳģλȥе֧ǽ𽣶첻Ậ
лʦ塣
ص֮һӰ˹ݺݱסףЦʵûң
ȻɵѾͷ׾ЦŰ겻ѾͷƺԽƯˡ
Һׯ԰󣬻羰С԰֣ǣ֣деУѵһȫɣһĸо
װ෢¸Ҳ֮Ҫ޸һº˵
ʱˣæִ磬ϲ㣬㲻޸
ЦЦеСѾͷøˣһ˿θУ㹫ƽ𣿡
ԷһЦһô£߲ϣԵܰۡ
Դϣִ磬֪ܰңܰܰҲϲ㣬𣿡
ǡ׵ͷ
ȷһλùָͬΰģҲ˽ģҲֹġ
ǣ
Ц˵ִôǿ׳֮һ˿Ӧء
ɫѾͷⶼǸ˭ѧģ
ߺߣҲСŮ֮˵˺ϲأִ硭𣿡˵СѾͷһƬ糺죬޲׵Ļ
ױòȻĶȻЦðɣǽͶ

һڻǰء
ʲôƸ׼һɾķ䣬ǾͶ״Ц
ߣҲŲҪأʽ˵һ׵ħƣЦǰȥ
ˣѲҵħƵġЦ׷ȥ

ѩԳҹ飬˲䴫ľǣȨʧɫ׷״ô¡
Ĳĵλѵ˸Ҷóֲɣ
ǵȨ̶̵֮ͨһʹ룬֪֮ļ˼С
ȻƺĲ˺̫֮ƴľӺ͵̡
ͬʱŽҲһαľ˼Уе˲̫һЩ飬֮󶼲ɵһ
콾ߵ콾ʱ䲻ʮ꣬˫ˣĺ֪ɱ˶ˡ
ľ콾Ȼ֧ƣǵˣߴԳһ£ͬ˴
еʶûˣʮӱȻվŴ˵еϺſܣĵߴܣѾľһƾʹ˵һս˾㤺Ϳ־塣
ʣĲνаˣܵúܲҡ
һЩȨн˼ƽϣĲȻվ½̺;ɽׯȣƺ̫ˡ
ľĶ޹أЩһֱϵĳǳ棬ǳ̫ˣ̫ĵط
һ£úܾˣҲԽԽܣʱʱסһ䷿
ȻСѾͷŮ֮»΢ЩܣѾ׿⣬֣ÿÿСѾͷߵȫͨ졣


465 ʦͽ
ľ˰£ƺĲҲڽܹĵسﱸԸԼļ塣
֮ĸ׼屻һֱҵˮĸɣ屻⣬һϴ˾Ķǣеη塣
һϴǧˣĸ׵ļɱʥ
ڴĻʳˣ˲ΪʲôĲƶԸգҲмµֿ¾Ž塣

һ֮
ƣҺȻؽ𽣶ˣʲôҪæģڣ׶˵
΢Цлʦ壬ʱһƿؾ棬ҲлʦΪҳͷȡȨ֧֡
һЦС¡
򵥵ĳ磬״򿪴̨ﳤȥ뿪ϵľ޴ǳء
ʱ֮˻ص𽣶졣
𽣶һƽԴϴβ˻մһ֮˾ԵţͬЩԭֻ֧մķҲѾͶ͡
֮⣬иʥɣ𽣶ЩʵԽǿѾֱ׷ڽ̣Ȼ벽ĹһңԶҲһۡ
ص֮׺ʱֱСѾͷȥ𽣷Լ밲ص̫ɽ
çç̫ɽƣΪĳ棬һɽɺеطɹ
ٴ˵ִ죬̫ɽʵѾڽ𽣷棬ͨӿҪǿһЩ
ˣ
յ̫壬еӹشк
̫ɽνǿ׳ٴһЩڵͽÿһռһɽʱ̳Ǻ
а壬λʥҲѾΪ𽣶ǿս֮һ
ĳƽûԤϵһ̫һȻ״ͨһ㡣
ʦ𣡡
䣡
һ׵ľ˴ԶһǼʮɣһһģǿ׳̫ޡ
׿ͽʱ¶Цݡ
ǰĪѾʮǰ꣬ҲڰΪҲѾԶˡ
ֳһʥʬɵİ׹ǰӣҲϴ׻ʱðٴת
ʥʬɵİ׹ǰҲһʥشǧҲΨĪ趯
һЦʦڻˣҺþû
ǰҲЦϴδʱСӻڱչأڵħһǽꡣ
䣡
ͻȻ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣ׵ؾĳһơ

ĪʧɫۼһƶֲޱȣۻϢս·ضߵˣ޴Ŀ־С
ʦҪͽΪô
ݵ𾪺ĪȻһЦеİ׹ǰҵ𣬻һɫĹӰײһ
أ
Ī޴嵹ɳȥеİ׹ǰҲɣ˺ɲסΡ
ڵشŴȻתķѪƽ
ţܲܵסһɵ׹һЦ۶֮ɫ

ĪȴΪʧһһһΪʦôҲء
СӣʦôܵסһѾˣղһƵѰڶʿδصסЦ
ĪٺֱЦظ󣬽Ǽ䱻֮Ϊصéݡ
éȻ޵ļ֮˭Ҳܽ룬κܸɾûһ˿
ЦЦ֪ǰٴ󾭳ɨԵʡ
ʦȲ衣ĪɽȪˮտϲҶϸĵصһݸס
λ֮ڶٳȥˡһڲ裬΢Ц
Īʱϲ̫ˣʦԾָҵĹˡ
һ·ԹŽʦţڸˣҿΪ㽲ϵĵãҪԼŬ
ĪЦͽȻ֪
ʦأ
뵽ѩСӣײɵҡҡͷСҲ֪ʲô
ǰСӷҪȥ尲˼ܱҲȥˡĪҲЦ
չʦܣͷ۰ɣ
ĪһƲ죬ߵ鷳ÿչβиҰ׹ǰǰһʵˡ
״ЦǻСӿҲͳһףЩûٱĪڣѩƵ츳ٹʮ׷Īˡ
СڴڸǶպѩҲˡ
ĪͷҲ֪ԼλСʦ츳ʦԼŻٴδķ
ЦЦȭ족̹͡ħͬڸĪһֻ嫵ľֱӶ뵽ĪС


466 ƽ̵
һζλɬֻһɹ뵽ĪУƬ̺оͶ׶
װԼһЩ⽲ĪͬʱҲ˵һЩϵĵá
λͽûκαɾʵûа취֮⣬ķഫ
һδ㾭ҹ
峿ĪŴ׵é߳Ⱥһ˿뵡лƺԽǿ

Īߺ󲻾ã⴫ٴ
΢΢һЦ㻹ôɡ
š
ٴЦЦ߽ΪҲǿϺõĵҩķѾΪڰΪ
֮ǰɢģǳ̤ʵ̫ɽЩνͻͽȻΪ̫һǿߡ
ٴºЦóһ˱̫ɽ״˿ҡ
ײͷۣҡͷЦϲЩͼ򵥸̫ɽı仯ɡ
ٴͷЦ̫һռʮΧڽ𽣷棬кĵǧˣǴӳĵǣԷĹ޶ġ
Щ֮⣬һЩҲͽ̫һеˣʿˡ
׵ͷóһָݸٴ󣺡ҪˣҪƶȣҪѺǮ裬öָһЩ裬һ룬һȥɶһ߷
šٴʹ£Ҳ֪ѰʦȻޱȣԲʲô
Щ꣬ˡ̾ϣ̫ɽİɡ
ٴҡͷЦ˵ЦˣЩԭɢޣҿзڸΪҲǣȫǰݷͣЩﲻ˵ﶼǺܸмġ
һЦ˵ЩӦõġ
ٴҲЦЦֵǰջԷˣΪδָҾʮλֵܻ͹ȥ
΢üͷֻҪ𣿡
ִԷʥ򣬴бز˳ٴ̾Ϣһͬ¶Ц֮ɫ
װ֣Ʋɱֵġ
һ仰û˵꣬΢΢һüͷִéݷţһӰҴܽ
Թ֮󣬰ٴæ
ɫѿ޾׵¶ޱȵ֮ɫܼ٣Ŀ㱵ûһ˿
ִ磬Ҹʧˡ
ʲô
׺Ͱٴһ仰ȫɫһҲ𣺡ʦܣϷðá
һλɷǵ߻һɹǧֱ֮쵽éſڡ
ʦ֡

𲮲
˷׷״к
ͷɫأ¶һ˿ǡ
æʵ𲮲ǲ֪Ҹ׵ȥ˵ȥһطѾûлˡ
ɫһݣıԿͿĳˣмɱλۣͨ
̾ϢһһӣӯӯĹâһɨ㳯ϵȥ
æŻȥСѾͷڴ֮תʵʦ֣ѵƽĳˣ
ǰɣûΣաɫŹ֣Щ֪ɿڡ
׿Цʦ־ͱˡ
һ۰ٴƺ˼ǷʸٴЦЦʶȤ뿪ˡ
ƽ̱ڶˡٴߺų
ģ
׶ʱһ㶣ʵƽȥʲô
ȥĸס̾˵һβΪ֪
ɶΪĸȥʵⶼǼĸ׷ǵţǶҵʥŮ
ңǴڶĵĻĹң뼧һмԶʼԴɲ֮һ
ȥʶ˻Ů꣬һʣһǧġ
ȻȻؾһһʼԴǴĥѣҲ˼ĸ
ͬʿһ𣿸οĽ𽣶졣
ӲɢˣصңһҪʥŮĿͽ
ƣǰˡ
Ȼص֮󣬱㿪ʼϣгһȥӭİŮˡ
һ𣬱ꡣ
Ů
ţ
΢΢һʦ˵ǰ飬ΪôСѵλʥŮ̥겻ɣ
ЦȻǣʵǰͳˣͱӡһ޴ڣͻص򡣡
ֱʮ꣬ͲŴѾͷѾͷȻǰ仹ʮꡣ


467 ȥ
׾ʹѾԲһľ磬Ҳסе𾪡
˭뵽һ͵ӻһǶҵ֮Ůǿ׳֮һ
ʥŮʸƽ֮λġ
ʦ֣ǲƽʦ˼֮࣬ȥ˶ģ̾侲ͣԼĸʱҲôçײ
ǰ
Ц˵ԭƽΪʥ֮ȥңǡ˱仯ҼҲҪҡ
׵üͷʱһһϢνǾ춯أѵѾҵزôҺһ£ͳһģ
ңͬǶĵĻĹңд֮ˣʼԴҲƺΪ塣
ĹҲҪѵҳֱʲɣĹҪͳһģ
ҡͷĺҺҾҲδƽɣһж۾ᶫҲв쳯ռأĿģӦǴĳһĹʶ
Ϣһ侲ķŭһױűԶģδ
һ˵̾ϢһΪֱ
Ҳ̾ϢʵȻأ
ƽԶģǴ̽ϢǣڱҲܳӣҲû˺ƽֻ̣ɣȵ֮󣬲ŷƽ̹
׶ʱЦ̫˰ɣ
ԷǶĵľްԣҲǶɣȻ˼ɡܷͬŭ
ý𽣶ƽ̣ǿ֮һȻɣҪǴȥý𽣶ķţ
ʦأҪȥӪ𣿡ʵ
ȻҪȣǲȥΪʥߣʥǰҪˣҵǿƱȻɱ֣ǸʦȥҲУҵֲ̫ˣǴ𡣡̾
׵ͷϵȥ
ʦܣǵ뷨Ҳȥģȥ̽һ̽ҵĿڷ磬ǶһΣأ˷ǰܼѡ
΢΢һЦʦֲصģŶĵʥǲΪСڶĵ콾ǣҵʶʶˡ
¶ǿţڵսѾﵽ۷壬ʥ֮¼ûҵĶ֣ķԱĺõطʦֲضǣҼվͻǰģӭƽʦ֡
Ϊˡ̾Ϣ
׾Цʦֱô˵ҲΪ룬Ψƽ̲ӻԻ͵죬ҡĸףδء
ЦοǺãȥʦɣһ˼ҵİš
á
׵ͷһڴ˯һЦСѾͷһһž۵ģҡ

һ۵ɽ£ɫ֣֮峺ɽȪԣܺ
Ƕɽµéǰ˻δ˵º𣺡ɡ
ǡ
˽ڣŷֳ˸֮⻹շ硣
׶ľȥӪͣշЦʵλ̫ϳλ磬ͺ͸֮⣬Ϊ𽣶ĵˣΪҲﵽԪ졣
š׵ͷЦܲΪôһСʿɣɱңҲûӡ
̾Уܿˡ
ʦô˵ҲɵһӣΪɳһҷ֮¡
ºշԶЦЦŸֲֵͻôһţҵ۹ⶼһµ
ײ⡣
շЦһţ˵ڶģǧ侲ҪΪһ˵ĵʧɵҵͬʱҲƽ̵֪ͨҵȣ䣬һƽ㵣Ρ
һݣǱű֮ȥģƽ̵λãû̫뷨
ΪѲµóɸ߲뷨Լƽ̡
֮ңҪСĽҲ֪ҩҲȱûʲô͸ġ
΢ЦʦģڷɳڳգССĲʲôҡ֪𣿡
ģ
¼ĺܺ棬ʧ࣬Щ׽Ҳ֪Сȥʲôط
ЦЦڵħ˵һ飬ɫ䣬¶¶֮ɫ
Ĺҵĵɲ⣬治֪лʲôơҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʦʦܣӼ񵽷áһʶԽǧֱӴ˹


468 Է
׼˶һôʱˣ
дһ°ɣҾͲȥˡЦһ֣ȻǼӣҲûʸø㡣
ЦǶдˣҸʦ˵һСֱ̫ɽ
š
շ׷׵ͷ
ͬһʶǧ룬ꡣ
Ƭ̺̫ɽ˷糾ŵļСһĵɪ̫ɽ󣬺ָ㽭ɽһ
̫ɽľһ֮ͷˡ٩
ЦԶ㡣
һЦѹ׼ȥİɣҲ׼ȥҺֵܽߣ
׺һۣ治ǻĹżңϢ湻ͨģɵ֪ˣ
Ĵ֪ܲҸҹһȥģһΪңҲΪ׳ƣһ˵ȻǼƽʬǶˣҸ׵ĵǰ塣
ң
š
¶ЦߵڶŹˣȥ˱Ȼ˳Ҹױһȥ˳ȥһ˴쳯
쳯ڽΪĹҵĲʳȥʲô׺ʵ
糾ŵɫʱҲõͳΪ˵õ쳯еһζҩ
үүˣһˣ쳯ĻڻĹųõҩүүҪָ۵ľ磬Ψд쳯ܹ쵽
ļļ̫ѹͬʱּȵ𾪣ʲôǿܽϴˣǾǺεȿֲĵˡ
үүԪһλ棬ҶүүŴѾȥˣģǼҶҴ٣Ԫ뱻ˡ˵󣬼ֱҧгݣɱ
ЦЦʵүүΪ
ʥ۷壬벽顣ڴ
׾ͿЦǼҵĵ̣벽ǿ߶Уƺֹһλ龳ţĹȽ𽣶컹̫ˣһ㡣
ˢ
ʱٴ󼱴ҴҴԶüȻ¶һ˿Ǻ͡ŭ
ӡ
ʲôˣ
ٴŭĺߵԷ̫ˣֿ֣ͬǸȥʮλֵҲˣһλֵ˫ȱ÷飬֮ڶȬ
׵ɫʱԭͺ㣬ԷȻʱңĪǹΪƾԼ̫ܿһˣ
ģԷʲôҲֵǰ񣿰ٴȥɱȥΨ²ңϽµ
ٴЦЦ⡣
ԳƬ̣ͷе̫֪̫ߵغˣǡǳã㺰һЩȥһԷţĪ
ٴĦȭƣЦǣ
ҲǰٴһȺ׵ԭ֮һŽǿ˭˲֪ҼȻ̣˿õĻᱻ
Цʵô˵ҲһλʥߣĶ𣿡
΢΢һЦĺˣֻҪƵ֣˻ʰһ˵ţ׻ָָɽ
ɽǰ޵ĵط
ˢ
һɫӰӺɽһƵļѸ٣֮һƬɫеâա
ˡһϮĵǰɢһഺõϢ뵽⾹һλʥ
úþûԽƯˡգ˫ۣЦ
һļûһϲϻһ˿ɬһҲ׿С
ıƯ𣿡
ٺһЦͷȻˣõȻƯġ
¶֮ɫϲһƺ뵽£һЦ˵ˣʦ˵һ֮
΢ЦȥԷǾ͸еˣƵʵȻǿһЩԵвֵġ
Ƭ̣ٴȫǴӳ׵ϵ֣ԼˣΪ
Īŵĺְֳ׹ǰǰ棬ЦʦԷ̫Լˣʰ
߰ɣ
ЦЦһȺ˿̨ﳤȥ
βͬϴδԷһۻڽ𽣶죬Ҫ̫ﲻ
βͬԷѺ̫һĵӣΪ̫ɽȥһƺƴһЩҲνκΰѱ
䣡
һ
һͨ̽ɫսԷɽǰǧ೤սһϢѹͺ嫵Ĳ
Ϸܲɫ˸ͣ
ֲɲǼԷ±ÿֻޱȡ


469 ˭޳ɣ˭ԣ
׼һͷԶŵޣôƯԷɽǰϿգһһŴڶ׼ԷĴš
ֲ˾㤣סϵ˵ʵԷӳ׼罫ɵܣʹԷйʥ򣬵սĹ£Ҳ޷̵Ŀܡ
˭
˭ҽԷ
ôĵӣԷҲǣһ
ಡ
һӰɽԷӣ£Ȼˡ
ϾɣЩҲǰ벽ԪΪʿûгһλʥߡ
ĵӣǲ󲿷ֶʿżһʿҲͦˡ
䣡
ٹɰ˺Ȼ𣬷ͬʱǧֻɳЩںһɲǼһ
һƵʥŦһƷʥҲԷǿķ֮һˮ׽
Էĵϸǿˮ׽Լƽʱõĳܲ࣬Ǳһֱţһ˲ٿؾͻϾ߱Ч
һֱţⲢǺ£һʥ߶Եá
ʥڵʼմ״̬ôҲţʱ䳤֮ȫޣʥҲͳ׻ˡ
Էûа취Ǳÿˮ׽ѣɣ粻֪ٴˡ
ʣһ·ĵˣѣλ裬һսԷҲ塣
һλɫ۵ԽڶϢкͣ죬һŶ˿˿ʥһƷʥ
֣ðû£ĳҲֻƽĶԴЩæּЦˡ
׼˳ڴͷվ뱳˫֣վߵһļ
ĪͰٴһЩˣվ
סѸһ˿ײЦݣƺʧؽһԷ
ʲôŽ壬ˣ
ǽ𽣶Ž壬콾ߵľ콾ǵϴδɣ涼Ҷ֡
ˣ˵۱ƽ̿Ѻˣ̫һĵӣŽôǿƣ᲻ܲʣ
󣬶ʱ˾޴ɧ
׵ĵҲЩͨӸеޱȵľֺ;ηԭսһɨա
˵ӰڵһЩС򲻸ҵģһЩҲС
ԭֵѣϴһѾþòˣЩһֱֵʢҵȷĽúء΢Цƺĺܻӭ׵ж͸һ˷ܺͰġ
ֿˡ
΢΢һЦһӣȻأǴƽѵһӭ𣿡
ִݹ٣ĳԵӭǰ²ּЦˡһȻ𣬽ŴԷڷɳһɫâգۼУһ˵ģ
ݰ׾룬һģĿ˸¶һ˿ݺͽթܺõ
ƽ̣Ҳϻųۣҽ̫һӵ֣ξͲ׷ˡ״һӣȵ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ŭָʹܲüͷ΢΢һߵֵҪ̫˰ɣ
䣡
һͨѩ׵İ׹ǰɢ纣ܣһӴڰУʥɫһӾͱˡ
ݣʦϵӲ˵ĸҲʶࣿŲһӴԷ
ĪսϷ׸ߵ˼𺳣ͭɫļ¶棬ǳ
Цģ浱Լʲôأʲô֣ʦûôʱġ

󵨣
ССҲҶҼƽ񣡡
ŭ𣬼ӰǼ׷ߣŰ벽ԪΪǹۼԷĵϵ
ϣ벽ԪأҺأĪһ죬׹ǰӻ׹صУɫ͵һ䣬׹ǰָżһȺ϶ǷʰǰɣΪ벽ԪͿˣ̫ɽǰǻС
ߣ

⼸ȫȻŭֶԸĪ
ҿ˭Ҷҵĵӳ֣սϣĮȻȴ·ƽһףסˡ
Ŀ⵭ȻˮؿɫѿĹݣˣ֣㰲ȵصƽ̣ߡԶԿ
ף̫ҧ
ûĿɨԷˣҲ󶯸ɸֻ꣬һۺ֣Ͼߣڡ˵˭޳ɣ˭ԣ


470 ޴Ľ
ܼž
õȻ˵仰֮ĪֻԼİ׹ǰһЦ̫һȫɱڣһɹɱ
ԷȫסˣһȻ˵Ŀ־ѹ֡
̶̵һ仰ûжôȴùɫ࣬¶ޱȳ֮ɫ
ף㲻Ҫ̫֪㻹ʥϻкܶε㡣ݴһɻɬϢͷųһӵĴĸʥƵ
ӵĴһ֣һ֣һ㡣
׼״ֻһЦƷʥѣֵһᡣ
ƾЩ߹𣿡Īʦش𣺡ͲҪʦ֣̫һܾԷ
ս
Ī
ս
׼ϣһʿϢۺһޱȵĿֲտʼŤбļ
Էһȫɫף¶֮ɫ

ԷмλŭһڱһλͷЦ壬ȻţҲĶ֡
ģһСɻôţֱӿս£Ħȭƺڴһս
ЦЦͻȻֵϵ֣ҾΪˣϣȰһЩʱ뿪˵أҰԷɨ֮֮ٻΣ
ã
Ŀһܸɴĵͷ
ϣұԷҸ֪֮󣬶ʮ塣ݴŭ
ϵؿһ۹ݣĮȻʧ߹ǹۼùˡһת۸ߺԸϷ뿪ģַĳŵһǧ𣬱زƭҵȡ
У
£ǧ˷ɳվ
ЦЦһ֣ǧƮȻԶȥȻŭҲ
ƽ̣أɱŽ壬ɱͽгʹļ׸ߺ
ҸϾؿףǽ𽣶Էսѵ±ͬЦ𣿡
ǺǣĳֻʽȻǲ֪ˣֻÿսˡЦ
䣡
¡¡
ͻȻһױȵǧ֮⴫ݶһɱŰ֮ʥ纣ħ
һɵķȺɽ֮䣬»δߵԷӶĺ
棡
ǧϵĹ£˴󺰵ɱŽ塣
Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫԼ׳ֺŵĶʱˣͬʱתͷЦףڵˡ
ģһԪʥѣΪ޵򰡡ƲƲ죬Ϊм
ף
ӴɸߵħȵȻɵң
վڴͷ΢Цǰα֪ʣûץҵˣһƧĵط𣿡
ݣô£Ƴʵ
ɫһӲͷƤǰңҪҳɱʦĶ֣ҼŴ踸ףסڹ֮С
ɫʱһڣ϶ӾȻĿŵס
̫һڵֲ̫ˣб±ԷԿǽλʥʦԼҲֵס
λԼǰǰЩҲѾȥˡ
ˣ
һ
ֺ֣µҲŹǰһҴáЦ
ƶʱüͷߵףвϷ򣿡
в̸ϣǰҪ֣Ҫһ׷ƵЦš
ߣ
׽䣬Բǧɵնڲ嫵ʥǵأһ˿ޱĲŰ֮
䣡
һֻͻأɢޱȿµϢڿܲʥתտʼ
žžžž
Ȼ䣬һɫӰսϷɳһƾս䣬һϵ󷨣ֻ޴С
ʥ
һߣ¶һ˿أĵѵҲԷͽ𽣶ķ
岻٣ұ̫һĵӣҵ˾ףҶ˳֣뱻𣿡
һӰڰУâǾʱѹգƬĿռ俪ʼѡ
ɫѿŴһӽͬǧ͵ԷĺɽԼһ˶Կ׵Ĵ
ַҪ˺ԷСҲѾͶ˽ڽ̣ѵ½ڽ̵ı𣿡
ɫɭɭ˵
ϣڽ̣ǺôŶҺúŶһ٬ŵؽе
ͷһۼЦ⣬ڵӺÿɰŶ
ף
ٴҲЦôҲһʥǲ˵ʲôҲܿʥƺ鼧ҵӡ
ˮ֮ǰΪʵԿס׵ˣôҲûϵɱһʥ
ҡʥȻŽ޳衣
ڶΪȻʥ޳裬ѵ˵еŽôغǿ
ȻֻʥһΪ׵ʵƲⳡս̫ɣҡҪչ˵ݺԼĵϵ¡
Լһʥ׽֣Ⱥǰ϶ڵһʱѪϴԷ
ѣֻð˽ڽɽ
ƣ֪׸һսƫƫҪڽǣԴǲвЦ
˭
ֻĿһɨս˶۵ףֱΪվߵӲ򵥣Ϊƺ̲һеսӴ
ôҪԱӳ֣ϸˣŵôϵӽмϰǼӢۡ
竴٣
ٴһȺУĬĬıš
ǰļȫһ竵ӵģŵ˼ޣƫƫŵıǮ
Ȼ
Ƶɫ䣬¶һ˿η塣
ͬڽ𽣶ĴɣԼʱܴӦԣ벻ֻ̫ţԷֻСɣ¹Ѿ޳ɴʥҲı䲻Ŀ
ңǿǻĹң۵Ĳ壬ԷԼҶһ㣬΢СļԲơ
ǼӼ񣿡纣ʥ𣬹¶һ˿Цʵ
׺ͼ񶼲һ
⻹һλʥ𣿾ȻŵòҶ֣滰Ҷ˵һ䡣
ҼҵƣáС
εɣһһսء
ǾͽŴ£ǼϵһԸƣŴ˵
õսľ˻սһ
ౡ
ԶգͻȻһƬ֮ɫ˼񷣬һֻ޴Ľźշ
׺ͼɫһα


471 ʥս
䡭
ʯǵأһƬƬգն˳ɫǾ޴ĽڷٵĽ
һͷ޴ڣͨȼŻ棬޾ɢȻҲһͷʥΪȵҪǿһЩ
ϣվһɫӣż򵥵ľװļΪĽ˶췢٣˷
ˢ
СһֻɫСϣתӻĿĮȻл¶һ˿ɱ
𻢣
׺ͼĿⶼ͵һ
ʱʮ꣬ٴμλڽ̵ʥӣұڳʱҪ°ٱǧ
ڵ۹⣬Ȼóڵ״̬ΪĲ
ƺѾΪʥƺһ˿޽ӽʥľ磬ֻҪɹ׽٣Ԫ۳֮󣬱Ϊʥߡ
ģƺöɽˣȻڻۣѻøΪʵ̬

׵ͷ̾ȫ׷ѹԼΪԼôɽ٣һµĶ֡
ʮ꣬ǾҪһսˡڵĽ𻢣ʱ¶ޱȽǵ顣
׽ҪԵĵˣ̫ˡ
뵣ġ׵ȻһЦ¶ǿҵģؿŽڹߵĽ𻢡
Сѡ𻢵ĵƶʱɷּ
š
䵭ػӦ˫а೤βɳ䴩һƬա
ף񣬺þòˡ
ƽЦȷǺþòˣûϵûʮּ꣬ˡ
𻢵Ŀⲻһ˿飬ϸϸشף˵ʮ꣬ĽС
Ȼôն㡣Ц
նң
ȻʧЦĿޱɭȻµĲϯʮأǳȵϢ˷
Ҽ޳ʥߣҶǾ΢棬һֻ־ɱǡ
ֹ˱ŭļ΢ЦҲؼŭǣڵΪȷʵʤһҺͼ֣ذɡ
ĿɭȻϵıŰ֮ԽŨأӥĿضΪ΢С
꣬ϰŽ壬ȻȻسɳزΪ˿Աȼ콾
ʥӣֻҪ֣ɴݻ̫һ¶յЦݣһԹƻ
Цһָı죬ҾվҶһԣСϵǹۼʮ壬Ϊнڽ̳Ϳˣ㲻С
ɫǺ죬񶥵һ仰˵ҷʲôԼȻʱһССʥ̫΢ˡ
ԽԽˣҽУ¡
ܺԼɣҿ˵һλСʦó˷һ˵еĳ֮壬ƺ߲ʥŮء
𻢵ɫʱһ䣬˫¶εɱ
ˢ
׺ͼͬʱսϷɳɾѪҡϣ׵Цֵʵ𣿡
ĿҲ֪׺ͼ֮£Ļ᲻У뵽ɫԽѿ
ڳʱҲĶ֣Ȼ̶ʮ֮ƵļһѾɳز
Ž壬ɲ壬ѵôغͿ£УҲһͷ
ؿǣȻǺεݣôǳ֣ҵ޳Դһս
ౡ
ǺɫСӽϷɳɲǼǧɴĽڣ޾ɨٵ͵һɢһȦȦ˳ϯ
纣ХŹ˺׺
ߣ
ʱЦһХȻɱ壬ΪһͷǧɳӰͨɫеϡ
ˣԸͷɵ񡣡һЦȻĽںݺݵײһ
䣡
޾׵ܵһײһɲǼԷʼҡΣһɲǾ˺ѳһӡ
ڵʵҲǿѾʥ죬ȵҪ߳һ
һζԿ£Ȼ˿·硣
ʥһԷĻɽҲûסһȺɽһƬƬձ
ɫһ䣬Ȼһӣһڴɳڰеۣݵȼǧװ˽ȥ
ףͲٿų׼磬ǧ֮⡣
һָоͳӰ񣬺ȻӰڴսĳ
ʥսֲޱȣűͨ塣
ͷǧ೤ʥŭսǧҺǻǣսķΧʼԷĻɽΧ֮С
Ĵ뿪ԷĻɽƾλʥʵｫĸɸɾ
ʼԴй涨ʥ߼սضķΧ֮ڣôȥһսҲΪ˱ʼԴǲ̫ܵ𻵡
ôôͷڶƴ˲ʮˣȻûܵļ󣿡
ŰеӰ񣬺Ǻ档
Ҫ֪ΪʥûжãȻʥڶԿⱾһ漣
ʦҵİʦ֣ҰʦֵȷܹͨŹ֣ÿÿΣܹ֮ܶȥ
䣡
һžȻӰڿУһӡѹȥ
һ󶶶֮ضܹȥһɵ׵罵ÿһ߷·һ

񾪺ⲻǽ𽣶Ľ𣿾ȻõͨϣʦܽںϽȥʦ
ǺǣʦֺһջΪġЦЦԼҵʦֵıǳ˽⡣
ͬģ̳ĵӣȻ
ʥҵսһգ۾һȥȻ˭κβ˭ֲͬܿǽڽͨʩչ󣬵г
ľף򣡡
ŭһһƬƬƳ֣ܰڱһƬ׵ĺһն
ҿ
һĻǵסˣͬˡ
ʦôģȻӰıͨģʿɽٵ٣̫ͨˡ
Զͬɫ
ϳԼ޳սӰܽѪȻ΢ֻҪ磬ָܻ
ʥٴζԿʱ׺ʼ׺ͽͬʱڣ޳ɻ
ʲſޱȵʥȫС񣬷ֱڽ𻢺׵ļ
ˣ
ײٿų׼üͷ˵
ЦЦÿɷ
ôһ㣬еĳɾͣҲһƴģڵĵز
һ˵клÿһɹߵıԸ˱ҪٱŬͺˮ
ƣ֣
۾Ȼ


472 ϵ
ԷѾһƬǽ壬ɽ֧飬һ޴ĹֲҲ̶á
ɫĿ£ͼıôþΪһ֮Էɻʲô
ϻǧˣԺзǵĹպǡ
Įһ仰ùٴһ㶡
ʥӣ˵ʲô
һ֣ͷ֣бҪô˵ʮ֮ҪˣΣ
ŭҪأȫҶ
ɭȻĿ⿴Ц㻹Ĺ֮Ķҿʮ֮ô
İɣһġԡ
ɫĿ£һֽݷųʵأֽס
ף⡭
ž
ŭһƳ˹ݣȵӣǵ鷳¡
ֱӱɼʮףæ˵ʮ˵֣вйۼҵĵϵϡ
ƵɫԽŴһʮ˴Ӷзų
ˢ
ʱԶ˷Ͼȳۣ۵û̫˺ֻǾЩήҡ

ǰһĻݺᣬͨ͹ڵϣ۷ǰȷۣʲôʧȻҲѴ̰
Ī׹һ֪ͺãҲϣպ̫һĹ涨ٳ嶯ˡ
ٴɫͬƣ΢ʡ
װڰ֣˵Щƽ¾ͺá
棬վڰٴȫ֮ɫ
ϾʣڵľгһҲ֪ζռϷ磬ڽʥҲûá
ԷΪɣ
׵ؿʮˣһ֣Ҳɱ֮ˣҪֵһ
ףС֣Ϸݺ㣿
ۣ
һƵĴ͸˵֮˵ԴĿĮؿǣսҵģҵƢ̫á
һȺ˿õսľԽη塣
ʲ˲ɱ˿ԷһλϣҲΪȴһжûס
˵ǿԷһЩҲ̵ˣߵ콾𻢶еľš
ۣ
ۣ
µʮ˶֪Ȥˣȫ˵˷ˡ
峤ϣûطȥԴǧס̫ɽһܱ֤ǰȫġ
̤սʱת˵

һ̶¶ϲ֮ɫæְݣл
¶һĨ׹⣬˼ȫյˣƵ˼ֱħһĿ¡

׼ת˲ȥԷǧˣȻʵ̫ǿҲǿ̫һʵ
ʵѾﵽ벽Ԫ磬ϣΪʥġ
𻢶ԶȥıӰȻЦŴףϣܻһսʱɣ̽Ϣ˫ĴҪˡ
𻢵ƺƵһȵĻݹȥ׼ȻѾȥʮϵҲӴ
ɢȥǻҲʧӰ𻢿ľٶҲʾǿƥʵ
˫Ĵ磿⵹ˣƣҪ˫µĶ࣬ڶĵĴǬԺСͷ˵
š
׵ͷһš
񵰣ҪǸ·
ಡ
׼ٶȺܿ죬Ѹ̨Уǧ˺ƺƵ̫һ
ϵǧҪΰãײģаٴ۲ٳ֣⼸̫һУ۶԰ٴҲΪأ֪ڹ츳ȷʤ̫һĴܼҡ
ֽǧˣ̫һʵԽۺһɽӰʿ
ļɽ䣬а벽ԪʿС
ʦܣ׼ʱȥģ׻ãһֻɺ׶Цʵ
֮ɡ
ţʦܶСģһսūԾһֱɡЦһ֣һʥսūԡ
װЦʦɣڵħżѾõ˼𲻴սūҲʦֵıֶΣҪ
˵Ҳһ֣ȱ͸ļսūóÿһͷʵҪսūǿࡣ
һڣ㬵սūߵ˵ļһϷͲ׳ˡ

״Ц˼裬λϺʦ뿪
֮׻صéݣ˵Сϣˣ֮ǰ˵ôһ˰ꣿ
ˢ
ǰϹһۿɰޱȵϵٴγ֡


473 ϵڷ
߳ͨϹСϳֺҲ鲻Խ¶ЦݣŵСûʲôı䣬һ滢غǿ
ΪôǴ˲ٿһͷħҪķѵôѾͲˡ
СϣǺ˼ڲ裬Ȼʵţ˵ҪȥģĿʼԴǵķԴأҪպܶġ
׸Сµһ裬΢Цδ˱ģ񻹱нңҪȥҪˡ
ļһˣһλϵãһн飬ȥҵǲصİΣСϵͷ
ЦǰǰˣЩʲôˣγ߰ɣ
ֻҪñ۲ٿħ۾ͲҪߡС˵һ䣬ųƬֵ̣㻹ʱȥģҴڸһͨɡ
׵Ŀʱһ
һͨ𣿡
ǣһͨҪﵽԪſһϵĽһƬһɵ֮
΢΢סǽ𽣶ĽΣ
СϺߵⲻǷϻ֮ڶԽѾԶƤëʺѧͨ
׵ͷЦǾʹڸҰɡ
ﲻȫȥʦֵıɣڴͨǰȫסСɽ塣
׾Ц㻹ͦġ
ϻôҲһȱļ䣬߽ľҪḻ̫ˡ
׷ۣСǰ˰ɽ塣
ˢ
Ƭ̺ɵɽۣɽۼһƬ½Ƶģѹɽۣ˫̤ڵʱȴ͵ƽ紺棬·ܵϴӣͨ泩ޱȡ
ʦֵΪ֮Խˡ΢΢һЦֵʦ֣һҪİæ
һϮµİôͻأسǰ׼ϵϵʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵Žսޣ΢΢һЦʦѾõŽһĴˡ
׺Цǵʦֻ֣Ԫϰһͨδþͻ޵¡
ѽҡͷЦк£
ţҪһͨʦֵı죬ұǰȥƽ̡
û⣡
һָͷгһɫŻŻڱǰı硣
㰲˴š
лʦ֡
䣡
״СϣɫŻڣ¶һ˿οЦݣ૵ʦԽԽǿˣһλͽܰ

һƬ嫵磬ǰǳɽҲһ޾ƽԭꡣ
Զɭڣ˻
ʦֺϣƺͨۺһ𡣡Сϴǰı磬ⱦ綫ݺΪʥ󣬱ʮΪһƬĴ½
΢ЦʦֺΪʥֻʱ⣬ҲҪŬˣһԼıǶô顣
ǵȻĴͨȻΪΪһ򣬵飬Ҳᵮ鱦ǲԲ
װ֣ôңԶȲǣ㻹ǽŽڸҰɡ
š
˵·һɽ壬Сϵͽͨ˵
ͨʼʽ
ʼʣһƬϻߣһλŽϵ൱ãŽʼʱġ
Žؼ֮ʼʶķһɹ޴
ȻڽҲѾʮ꣬С˵֮ҲоŽΪĻɬͨġ
ľˮ
׽ǽ֮£׽ÿһ׽ǧ򻯣临ӡ
СϽ⣬׾һ죬ͬʱԽһ㣬ʩչ𽣶ĽʱҲǿ˲١
ڶ죬ױȿʼи𽣾
ԣǿӲ޼᲻ݣһӳɱ֮Ǹ֮ܣһɫԴݻ
죬ײſżŽҪԵĿʯ˴ĸ֮ܽͨɾ硣
׻ķнԿʯǿһСʨ콵ɹ
䣡
߿ϣֳֳͻȻһ̳һ֮ϢɲǼԲǧɡ
ɫâһһͷ޴ĽɫʨӸȥһɽ
գݿƵģҪǿ𽣶н


474 ٶ
պ״СϴӰıڳ
ʦ֡ӱ߳ױ㿴˫֣һϮµİ
ЦЦ˵ȥģ
ţվҪˣһϻȻȥҾȳ׵ͷ
һһСġ
׾ЦʦַİɣҲµġ
ҲЦȥҲһĥıϾƢҪһЩ
׵ͷ˵˼仰ص̫塣
ιȥˣСĺԺ𰡣ڵءڶŪһֻɺף׺ʱЦ
ˢ
һϹСϺشż¶ŵɫǼҵӣͦһ
ҿ
ǵһοСϣʱһž뵽Žһ˵ɾȵ׵սޣ
ϵۡ
СҲҳƵۣһ˵нսʲôͬһץͰСϸץס
СϴŭôԱ˵СպǼҡ
Цб¾ȥҵһλүүϲ֫ޡ
Ҫۿ񣬱Լ¡
ϣ㵹һñүףͦÿģ
۸ƴˡ
ûֱصԼéݡ
ľ崲ϣСèƵһ˯˫ȻŵǺġ


ִ硣Ժۣʱף磬һҪȳҸѽ
̾ϢһСѾͷҲѾ֪࣬ôûмԼĸףᡣ
İѾͷһƽ̻ģҡҲĸ׹㡣ױ
ĸף
СѾͷ¶һ˿ã૵ԭҲĸ׵ģҵĸ׻ִ磬˵ĸ׻𣿡
һı飬ûһۣر˵ģģĸ׿϶ҲǳĹ㡣
ǣЩΪʲôңҺ͸סСѾͷУЩԹ
װοĸҵʥŮҲвѵĿԣѾͷģһȫž۵ģһ
ţ
صصͷִ磬㡣
СѾͷһ죬СѾͷڼҵȴţͼ޵ĵط
ʦ
ǰ
˼
š
µͷ˸֮⣬շȼҲˣϾҪȥģ𽣶һ߲ȫС
λǰҺȥģѾ˴̨ԴͶ֮䡣
䣡
һӣҫӳǧһ̨γɡ
˵Ǵ˷ǰģһнʲôΣվͷ򣬲سһʱ֮ǿ
ʦģҺͼҲΣյĵطտԼЦ
µͷˡ
ʦˡ

ʱ׺ͼ̤ϴ̨ﳤȥ̨ʧ󣬸²ų̾һ
ʦ֣ǣ
⺢ˣڵӦǣʱ򣬿ȴѾΪɳеһЩˡ
շЦ׶ʶô壬ǿ֮ģеųҫ۵Ĺâġ
ţɽҷġ

붫ĺֹ
һδ͵ʱ伫׷·֪꣬˶೤ʱ䣬΢΢һ𣬴Ӵ̨ڷɳ
ѾˡЦ˷ܺͼ
׷ܣԶһƵɽһһƽĹ·һ޴ĳǳء
Ƕģ
޴ĹųǴ쳯ϵһǳأųǣҲǶĵط֮һ
ţһĵķ֮ȥΣʵ
Ȱɣүүأǻȥ쳯ҩɡҡͷ
̾ԵΪ˼ǾȰҵ°ɣүүȷأҪҩˣڸ֮ƽţҳǰģָᷢʲô¡
׵ͷʾ⡣
ǼҸ쳯һǰ嶼һʱֻ֪ǵĽҩĹҲ϶뷨
С߸ҲǸĬϵ׼СڸɶҲǿԳܵʧ
쵶ʧ˫ɿ϶кʥӣԺԴãһ˼ɡ

˳ԶȥųǷȥǳޱȵĹϣ˿ľǣұľǵƶҪɵĶ࣬ƷУҲƴ̨
һųǣԴƣųڶϱ˽ǶսȥǶʥ֮սųҲһš


475 ׷
ԣųмصĽǶǴ쳯ɣʥһս
ĻʳӴѾĹҲڶĿľްԣĴĻʳҪǿһЩ
׳ġ˿ŶݺĳǽɵضƲƲ죬ҪôһĹųǣҲ֪ҪķѶ
ųڣ֯
׺ͼһҲľ¥û˵һӼȣҪ˶ʢĻƾơ
ʱֵǺȻƾƵĴüڡ
һ㣬ɨϵļȣͬʱִһݣ˵ʱСá
ĶˣҲСϹسñϳ
ɲ򣬷Ǳһ㡣
˵Ž׹һ۸ڶĶʿУ㲻ʲô
һô죿׺һڻƾƣŴȺʵ
ݷųǵĳ¡Ų֪Ŀ⣬ʵ
Ǵ쳯Ļ𣿡
Цֹǻô򵥣ƻϲӣĸ׳΢ѱΪ̫ӣ綼¡Ϊµƻʣ֮ųǣһ档
ʶ𣿡
Ҵö࣬һ꣬ҰݷãʱһСһ㬵
ҡͷЦ۽ǵͿһȺʿҴҰڷ߳¥Ϸȥ
ֹһʿҲǿ˺ХƵķɹƺҪμʢƵġ
λ֣Ǽȥʲô棬סһʵ
סʿֵؿһۣҲȲȻǴɵĵӣҲ˵ʵʵѵ֪𣿹ڽǶ̨ͨ߶ϣΪ
£λ£
Ȼǳã쳯ľŹأ鷳λɿ֣һ뵱ء
š
׺ͼֻʿСʿΪ
Ҳȥƣбʵ
߰ɡЦЦ

ΡΡǣ꣡
ϵĳǳԽľԶҲԽķפ˿ǧ򣬸ʿԸų
ųǵؾҲȷʵ㣬һЩɵʥء
ͨѰۿ޴ųٸ󣬽ǧľնĹųǡ
ͬʱųǽһ޴ϣڣʺʿ

׺ͼڿУҲϷһ޴Ƕȥ
Ҳ˳ģ֪쳯ŹŹΪĵˣŮ·֪жٶĿΪ˼һ֡
Ẓ́Ҳ¡ã˽꣬ǵĸ֮ȥˣΪˣ¡Сðٰ۰ųǵ֮ŮῡеŮ
Ų̊ѡһʱ࿡ӵȥһ̨򿪣ԽԽĶĿǽǶ
𣿵жôƯȻô֣ѵɲɣƲ죬ЩΪȻ
״ȤһĺƯϲô죿
İɣûŮ˻ϲҵģһһ࣬οڽӰ
Զ㡣׿ˡ
Ƭ̺˱ɵһ޴ĵ½ǶǶΪڴʿԴ
ʲôҪʮܽȥǾŹƸְСУʱ˲
һƵĿ˹
ʱʲôǧָ㬵һЦֻ˵Ц˵Цţұ
׺Цҡͷ˶ʮ裬½Ƕ
˵ǽǶ˵һ޴ĵعݺܹϯ˽һϯλ
ع룬Ưһ޴̨̨Ͽյ̨ܲøϡʯɣޱȡ
ģ̨λʥ߷һս쳯Ǯ񿴵Ʈ̨졣
ЦǼΣ
ǵȻԶ
ƫԶĵط£ͬʱܣһĿ룬в벽Ԫʿ
ʱһǧǶ
̻ʢЩûУŵɫװϴ֣Ǿҵĵӡ
ҵĵӣҿɵӶˣǳڡʥڡǶһĴء
һȦͷɵĵӣʮӰռٸϯλ˸ǡ
ҵ콾Ҳˣ
䣡
Ҳоһѹ֮Ϣ·һͷعǿµϢƵȥ
һλͷѩףȥǳӣһȺ˴ӵ߽


476 а
ݺĵع޴ޱȣӣǰ׷껺ʱع˲ð
һ˼ѹֵһͷҫ۵İ׷ȺмۣϷ·һرϢһͷޡ
аҲˣʮֳԾŹȥ飬Źܾˡ
ǿĺʥ֮һһҵʥӵ׵ܵܣϢʮھͻΪʥ
ڣ˶ûлˣ˭Ұ
ҲһǳʥڵĵҲǺǵģҵĵҲˣŹһ̨ǧ콾ǰ˿ɵ
ݵļž˶ʼͷӶҲóܶ˶а൱ɵӦǶĶ콾
һ˵ˣϵһͨʵȷʵǿҲͼӣһš
ЦЦһԶа
׷аһȺˣӵϯΧǧû˸ҿҵĵж¶ɵ֮ɫ
ֹһϸ˶ѾˣѾʮ벽Ԫ콾𾪡
ĵĵ̣ȷҪҪۺܶࡣ

ˢ
ʱյ̨ͻȻɫ˸һȺ˵Ŀʱ̨
һʮ߰Ų̊ϣŵɫĳüĿţһͷڷƮȫѩףһ̱ò˫òѾ
ȻǴŮĿһſˮ˵
ȥ׷¡״Ȥ
ߵһ֪֮ģûŮԵܰѽ
˵Ѿˡ
Ӻ檺Ҫܰ׷֣ڶľͿԺˡ
ߣŶԣûЩ˵ĿôȣͷҿɲԸ⵱Ʋ졣
̵ĳֳ֣ݵİ˵Ŀⶼ̨λݵŮ
һЩֵŮʿҲһ¶֮ɫݵȷ˫ֲôΪ֮㵹
ͦ̵󷽣һ˫˫ȵĿݵȻû˿¡
ʵҲˣųǵ֮Ů¡ãų˭Ҷ
˭Ҳ֪ųǵĵжôֲһʥǰ£Ҳδʲô³
£ҪѡǲԶǧ֪ǲģд󵨵ʿƤЦ
ߣ
аһĿ¶׹⿴һۡ
˵Ҳ£ǳĵӣȻԶҵ󣬵ڶҲǶɡ
£˵Ҫ̨֪Ҫʲô⿼ǣЦʵ
վյ̨ȻչһЦٻʤգתʮֵĶ
ѽҾҪѡҳĿѣδءЦ
µ˵޷Ц
аĮĿ⻷ܣ˲֮ӣĬĬصͷֻмһɫȻĿв
ţ
аĮĿ⿴׺ͼ
΢΢һЦͷʾ⣬ͬһĿдƺͲ
а˲¶һ˿ɻĿ⡣
ˣȻʶ
ңԾͿԿ˾ԴͷǶ΢Ц꣬Ķ΢΢¶һ£ƱһޱΣյļһ
˭Ϊδδ
аһ˿ʣžͻָ糣ĮĿڣ̼ʹѡҲǰèԲμӵģʶĶ
˻һһȺ¶߿а˸ŭԡ
ǺǣֺôƢŹûпڣװʲôˣһ국Ц
̣
䣡
һɿ񱩵ͷųаϱŰ֮ɫǳķȵ
аˣ
յ̨ϣ¶֮ɫųǣңҪǲͿ

Ц׵ûǹаƫƫ˻ô֪ܡ
ߣ
СаҲõɫ䣬ĿдɭȻɱ⿴ס
ҰҲҷͣаˣɫевɱΡ
ģ
ʱվղ˵ʲôڱүǰڳȱүһʢ
ף
ף
˺Ŀ⿴̶¶һ˿֮ɫǶˡ
Ȼǵ׷ǳ裬ڳе콾ϲð˵ʲôͷ


477 
һ˫˫Ŀⶼ¶ɻı飬׺ͼ
ƽ滹νƫƫֳ֮һ۾Ϳ˾𼶵콾
˾Ȼ˭ûм̫ˡ
һϢаɢ䣺һҵĵӣô˵
䣬׻ֹЦվ˵ҶΪŹԭûҪýš
ߣ
аһ̵Ҳû˵ʲô
׺ͼһණģҲ˼Уܶ˶ĬĬؼסǵĳϢ
ɵĵӶԸ̣ⶫĺʱֳ޾콾ˣ

λѣûҪΪһСìܣǲȢǾóºˡ
Цؽתƿˡ
аЦ̨̣ƱػɣЩ⣬ұܽ¡
̿һа΢Цӣǻûô죬ǳƺҵȫɣҵĿôܼ򵥣һֻ⡣
ȫλӽ¡ҲкôĴ
ð
һЦһ˫񣬼ܾүүȢһ绨Ĺ
̳Ƭ̣Ŀѡϸģ䳬ûʸμӣұʤҴĽʱ򱻽ҿɲʰ
ģҵȻ֪֮ġЦΪš
ŵһЦתЦǺðɣҾͿʼˣҵ̨һ⣬ͨ߶пܳΪҵˡ
ҵˣ
ĸֱּ̫ջ¾Ӷˣٵض̣⡣
һǣҪһ裬ó֮µڶⱻ̭ˣҲ黹Ц
˻
⣡
һ裬ʱɫˡ
СݰֶǷˡҲһס
ͬеصͷѡǼ٣ûƲģѵûǮ
һ̫ˣٵ𣿡
ǰҲףǧ裬ʡԼòŴģ罵ͱ׼ɣ
ҡͷѩ׵Ц⣺ֻҿɲԸԼһ⵰
ˢ
аһָһƬɫĹĻյ̨һ豻һߡ
ҳ𡣡аȻڣһ࣬ҺĵӶԣҲʲô
ǺǣĪƲӢۡһվļȳƣĿ⿪ؼоâ˸
ǳĲط棬ǳʥӣս˿аڶУطаҪǱó˺ĹΣϸ״
š
׵ͷ
ǲطȷֲһʢϢƳɲ⡣
طһףͬһ̨ϣ֮⣬ʮһ衣
һ˲䣬̾ʮ裬ֱѰʦҪֲ
ˮ
ֹһҲվֱһȥ
ľٶø˾ɲ
һ裬ⲻʲô˶õóһ裬۶Ҳûжˡ
˵˭ĸɵĺĵôû
˺࣬ûҲ˺ܲǣһֱĿļһԵķǳֲ
ߣⶫԽԽˣѵɹȵĵӣ
ɹȵĵӣɹĵӣûôӦĳ֡
۷׷ףаͲطɫҲѿƾճһ·оĶ֣˭ˡ
𣿡Ϊ˷ܣڴһȺˡ
˵ɫһڣŹҲ߯ˣ˲ʮ軹֪㣬Ҫȫ˲Ű
ˣһֱӽ󲿷ųˡ
ʣµ콾Ҳûߣһѵõʢᣬ˶ȿᷢʲô¡
⡣ط΢Ц
á
һЦΣع·ࡣ
ڶܼ򵥣Ҫ֤ǵʵýû˱ҡһЦܷܷһӡ
¡¡
̨ܣȻһž޴ӡ
𣡡
һ˻˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
徧ɵӼӲޱȣ˸ĽԹÿ޴ڣȻһͷ
һͷͷδΣʵȰ벽ԪʿĴ


478 Ⱥ
𣡺
׺ǵأϯع
ھнŸǿ壬Сɽһͨѩ׳ɵͷߣҲг˾Ϭţг˫ͻ
ЩƺųȦģûпǣȻȫ׺ƥľս
һͷͷŭϯعвɫò԰ףʲЩĶ֡
ҵĵڶսʤЩÿһ˿ѡһͷһսʤ߿Խһڡ
ģҪһˡû
׸ɴĿûЩ
䣡
䣡
аͲط̶ˣǶѡһͷҲ̷ɳѡ˶֡
ϣⲻûѡˣʣˣɹȥʱֻʣǰɵͷ߻ûѡ
Ƕͨ쵣˫Ŀضżţ˻˻Ŀֲ
ⶾܶǶҺ徧ֻܸҪУܶʿĶؽкȥ
ģһôѲĴһǿҡǰɳĶߣɫʱһڡ
վ̨ϣͤͤһ㣬ΪؿżЦôλˣ
û˵ÿҪǰһ軹ңҵͷɣٽȥˣһ
̶ʱЩ㶵ġ
ûӣȻòܸо˸ղſԼʱ򣬲һ˿¶һ˿ܵܵ͡
һȤļһǣɸֳһ΢Ц
˻
ӺҲ۾һս
׵Ŀ⣬ȾаϣʱаѾͷ޴սһ
ʵǿͨɢŽ⣬һŷ·ɽ¡
ӲһķͨЧҪ뽵ôһͷס
Ȼаսܿ죬һգ۵Ĺ
ֻһָָûһɫ¶ޱȲбϢڿһתͽýʵʵ
𣡡
𣡡
ƾεĴҲ޷Ǻɫ
𣿡аЦԶʧһֱӽȫѣһͱˡ
أ
һƴúƢһԷصĲҽвҽС
аһ߳صԼλϡ
ط棬ҲѾս˫ݻһ貵Ĵǣ̺Űһ˫ϻԣΪص˹硣
Ȼſһ뵵ıס˫ͻ
׿Уж˵ΪҲΪ͡
ڶĳͷص콾򵥵¶һ־ͿԿóʵԿƿֲ
аʵԲԼڲطȻһЩҪƴҲͷۡ
½½սȥóһ콾Ȼǵ֮Ȼûһ
ʱֳĿ⣬۽ڼϡ
ŶͷȻûпʼ򣬷ͷ顣
ι˵˻ԼͺˣûҪʹŹһ١վԶԶģС˵

һȺ˴Ц
˳򲻹Ҫ˷ѴҵʱˣΪʲô֣ԭпá
ģ˭лأӰﲻ𣿡
˻
һ仰û˵꣬ͷߵβͱɨȥǿҵƿ·ܴռ䣬ױȵǿ
ҪǱβУʿҲǶϽۡ

ͬʱͷһɺ̣Ķ
Ѱ·ʱŭһΣźۼرܹβĺɨŲָ絶һ̵̻ĵâնȥ
âգǧɢϢ
׿Цˣ⺢ӻɵûʩչҵľѧͨͬǿ󣬲ڴڸԼİȭ졣
˫ĿһգϵϢٱ䣬޺Ʈ죬һͷ
һȭȻǰȭ졣
飡
ܿռ𵴣ھҵҡΣȭ仯Ī⣬˿öսľ
ֱһȭ췭ظǰȭһУӡ
ͷֱӵɳȥصײ徧ϣ徧ײһ޴İݡ
ģԭ㣬ƫƫһӣӰһͻصԼλϡ
аͲطɫʱúѿ
뵽ǿûϵôǿѾԼˣһУǼĿֲһǿҵӾѹȸС
̲źۼؿһۼ˸һ˿ϲ漴ͱڹȥ
ܺãǶͨҵĵڶؿˣҾͳˡתٴ


479 ɳ
޴ĵعְ
ȺѾ̭˴󲿷콾û뿪ԭ뿴ʲô
Կ϶ǵز򵥣Ǹӿ̵Ҫ
ЦȻվյ̨ʤգһЦھųǧһƬɽһƬɳƬɽԭʼҲǸշ̲˴ĽԿʯ
ҵĵ鷳λȥԽ𣬸ʱ䣬ǧɳûдﵽ׼̭
жʱһ
ɳ
ֱǸԼı⣬ʼʽĸ𽣷ôĽԿʯڶС
֮ǰڰı˵һУҲеĽԿʯ֪ô죬ˡ
Ȼᣬʵ£ԽǷԴأ
ԣֻܴһˣΥ̵߱߳֡ͷ
áһЦգգۡ
һʮŵͼɳȥֱаط桢С
һ֣ҲʾλŹ׵ʵ
֮λءЦЦôͻأش̨ʧˡ
ʮ໥һۣȫ뿪Ƕ
׺ͼҲ߳ȥ
ףҪԿʯʲô߳Ƕʵ
ĿǰһǿĽýԿʯҲ֪жܷҾϲ
񼱲ͣߴٵǻʲôھ͹ȥ
ߣ
ųǲֹУһɳ쳯Ϸȥ
۽ҲаҲ뿪ǲŷǷУҲǰ
ǱٶȣǻСȻһЦ˼뵽Уһɡ
׵ٶҲܿ죬һ㶼ڼƬ̼ѾɳųǣԶа˽治ᡣ
֣
ط׷а¶΢Ц
аؿһۣʵʲô𣿡
ط΢΢һЦŽԶȥˣĿһƬɱȻʵ𣿡
аɫһݣҡͷδ˵
ٶҲ죬һ߷ţͬʱʼıطЦ˷·ƾճֵģ̫ˡ

аĿһ˵ʵ벻һҵĵӣͷ߶սСȻҸоߵѸֲ
ǳֱֲɲ⡣
ط¶ɻ֮ɫֻڶΪȴһּΣյĸоľ
аʵǲǲʲô
˵˵һ飬Ƿ顣
򣿡аɫ΢䡣
طɫأʮ꣬һλ콾ճ˿ɵƺɨһڲǰ¯콾иߣǸո̤żʮѡ
аüͷ˵Ž壿˵һʦֵ׵ܴܵõʧء
аɫ䣬ɵǻ˲ǶĵӣڶŽ壿
ͷҲ˵ãǶĳĵӰˡطЦ
аһ۲ط棬ЦǲΪ£
֣ɵǡطкâ˸
Ǻǣѡ
ط浭Ц˵ѵûаǶóѾ׼
أаĮʵ
ط΢Цҵһλʦܻȥɽɿ󣬵ʱ֣ɵ𣿡
ҿһ°ɡ
ֻȷѡ񡣡طЦЦӰһٶȶȻӿа˦ں档
аЦ󱳺ȻһԺ˫һٶͬӿܶࡣ

һʱ֮׺ͼƬɽ
һƬ޴ɽǧΡվҪƬɽҵ󣬾׵顣
ףϽѰѽߴٵ

侲İڰ֣аЩ˶ǣñǻȸںһѣǱɽŻ
ת̫һķʱϢͬʱ˫Ŀɫâ΢ͳһɽȥ
һЦͬϢ
һƬƬɽľʢǸаɵľ˵ͿշУһ·СҪаˡ

طƬʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ΪͲ˵ϢҲ˵صѾ٣뵽ʮɽ
ٺ٣̣Ž壬ҲҪطЦǰһƬƬɽֱ
Ų٣ĲڿͲɿ󣬱ҪȵԼʦС
λʦѰΪҲﵽڰ죬Ѱʦط˿ܷҵɳ
ˢˢˢ
Ƭ̣һӰշ˴˼ǳľ裬˴ɽ


480 Ԧ
ӳȺɽǧɽΡվһƬԭʼɽȺǿ޴ڡ
׺ͼͿշУգ۾ͷɽ
һ·ϣҲʶ׳ѰֶΣǴһӣԶɽʯڲȻ׵ġ
Ľ£һ˸ԲɣƶʱЩɫҲƶ
ѰĴֶΣκѰʦʩչƣ仹ûдﵽѰʦΪԽľտʩչƲ֮ǰôѾˡ
գۣǰʱȥ
Ѿѹ裬ͬʱиֿʯѩ׵Ҳս׵ѿ
ʱҲоԶһǿϢĵ콾½ʼѰɳ
ףɳ󵽵㿱⵽𣿡
׷ۣûһƬɽǧҲѰʥʦûǸ
ѰĹǿƣҵɿֻ΢ļܶѣҲûкú
񼱵ץҴʵñ˽ȵô죿
ͣ½ŲЦЦϣϲˣľԴҲܿϰ
ʱָ֧֧˭ϲˣֻΪ˸ӽ¡ѡ
ЦЦв֪Ϊ뵽˵ҲƺԼкøУֻСӻûио
ңమˣôҲһ𣬼ôüҵȢ塣
֮һҪ֤ѪͳĴ˵Ȣ뻹ȢһλŮӣλŮµĺӼ̳мҵļҵ
Ǽȷ̳м֮λҲԼĺӼ̳м֮λΨпȢ塣
ӢۣǾԲῴԼ;

뵽ʱĽı飬׾ͷۡ
£չҪġ

ֹʱɫһƬտϿڣ׺ͼ񲻿ɱ˶콾
ǡһλ۵꿴ˣɫ΢䡣
֮⣬߻һˣֳֺɫĹǰż򵥵Ƥ̿㣬˿ǳҰ
ԼӡҲһλµ콾Ű벽ԪΪţɫһɰ
ǺǣԭҰԦŵĵӣλֵ䣿תۻָݣϾȻһ۰µȣľѡ
ɫɫܳϿңύǡ
Ǻǣҽףҵֵ񡣡΢Ц
񷭸ۣ֪Լ̫УҲЦ˵ԭ־ԦŵĵʥӰɣжţȻŲһһˡ
ѿˡ
ԭҰŵʱ򣬵ȷ΢΢һʵ̫İˣİһ˿ӡûС
λѵźİԭĳªˣ֪λʦкɣԭҰΪʵ
ЦһСɶѣֵһᡣ
ԭҰЦ֪Է뱩¶ʦţҲʣ˼˴˾ͷֿˣûзκĦ
ԭҰһƺˬʵԺһλۡԭҰߺ۵
Ȼһϵһмӣⶣ˭ǣòҪԭҰͻ
Ϊʲô
һЦ˵ԦȻǻĹңȴȦһͷ壬Ѿﵽ龳ˡ
׶ʱһ
ﵽ龳壬ȷʵʼԴǺˣԭҰôһɽȻҲаˡ
߰ɣٿʱϢһʱѰҽҲü
šͷ

գۣ
׺ͼջķᣬջ˴ɳǵˣһεСɽ˺𾧣ǱɳҪߺܶĽԿʯԴʥ
Щ𾧣ȫá
ҲõǧɳһЩʯνա
߰ɣɽ̲ŴĽԿʯЩʯҿԽ𽣾Բˡ
˳ʮɽߵһɽȥѰ۹۲ɽ
ɽǧɣصڣ̲Ž󣬻̲
ѵ״̬׾ȡһЩ裬Ҳҹ̰һŭǲǻԵѡ
飡
ԶͻȻһҵĴ򶷣ɽƬıܿռ䶼ʼŤǿµˡ
ԭҰаͲط潻ˡһ
Ѹһ˿Ȼ֮ɫͷˡ
ţȣ
Ҳͷ


481 ݱ¶
䣡
ԶսԽĲңԭҰλͬʦֵܶսаˡ
аͲطҲ˰֣аԸԭҰطʦܶսֳֹǰĴ󺺡
ۣ
ֳֹǰ׳طһȭϣȫˣſ׹ȥ
ʦ֣
ԭҰһ׺ϢȻڳмʮͷ޵Ӱһɺɱа
аЦһţɫ滯һŴֱ˺˿ռ䣬ǵ顣
ɱ
طʦܴӺɱطڷƮɫĮ˫ֻûгһֱɵСǣЯ˿µֱײȥ
ͣ
ʱһִİɫնг룬ͬʱһִһǷӡ
ǣ
طɫ˲üЦļһҲҲκǶʿս
΢΢һЦֳųȣЦλ˵ЦˣҲǶʿ
䣡
ԶԭҰаƴһǣµ˰գԭҰһ˵ߡ
аɫͬǵʵҲٳ֡
µľƱģаͲط涼⶯֣Ƕܿó׺ͼĲ
Ǹղһ͸޾֮ĽǿֲޱȣǲطʵǿһҪ
Լɵİɫ⣬Ƶնձնϸ΢ķĩط͸е¡
лλԮ֣ԭҰԭҰ΢΢һЦĿⶸȻüһХһַӿƣԭήҵľ˲ָ
䣬ɨаǣȵҶҳ֣ܺãǽǾǲˣҲһƾԼʵӲ
аͲط涼ЦҲĳǿ콾Ϊ˵һ仰еκβʡ
ֻ׺ͼĵòطеɱԽʢ
ǻ˵ԼǶĵʿѲˣŽ壬ףطһָףȵ
𶯾죬㴫ȥԶ
ԭҰҲ΢΢һŻ׵֣ʱȻΣҲѡ
΢΢һЦ󷽵سϣѾҵĵϸˣǵȷʿ
ʿǶĵսǹ̫ܵ˰ɡаȻɫ֣һĶߡ
㻹ûΪóˡҲЦһ޴챮֡
ط濴һۼйһ˿ɵ΢üͷ򼧼ҵӰɣҲôѡʵƽƽ
ŭ
ս
ԭҰ¶۰µȣһһ޴ʯУʥϢȡ
á׻˻֣¶ЦЦ֮ɫ
ѵǣģ˾ԿԸɵ⼸顣ԭҰɵؿס
ƲƲ죺£ȥһɵ֪ˣСڵϳëģûҵ顣
΢΢һЦаһֿۣԶʢɳĴɽȻЦʵλϻûɳɣ
Σ
طԵһ˰ȻѰʦѾ̽ɳʦǸ𣿡
Ѱʦô
ЦЦȻָָԶɽЦúǹ죺ԲˣֺͲҪ˳ˡ
аؿʲô˼
ֻЦ˵سɽȥҲһЦԭҰߣҲ⼸˾
䣡
ʱԭҰλʦҲԭҰסǷɹȥ
ʦܣˣǧǵõɳطһ˿ŨŨɱ
Цһ˿ʦַģЩǰɿ󣬻ʸ񡣡
Ȼа˷ɹȥʱطʦܵɫȻ䣬·Ǽֲһ㡣
ܣ
Ȼ䣬һĽ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ׵Ŀ˾;η
ˣˣҲĶ֣Ƕ֡
طʦ״ħɫˡ
ž
طŭݣһƴϣȵˣȥɿ󡣡
ʦ֣ѰʦѰʦѰѾǷ켫ѾԻûˡ
ѰʦǰҵѰκãţҡʦ֣Բ𡣡
ۣ
һ仰˵꣬һѪֱͦͦӿ׹ȥ
ȻƵˡ

طһ׽һĽɫ磬аһۣоɱޡ


482 Ӷ
䣡
һаͲطɫٴ䡣
ɫ׿ȥֻһɫ𣬻һž޴Ľɫû˰ɽͷ
ɽʯ䣬һ޴ɳȻɵĽ£ֻһĹ¾Ѿ˽Կʯ
ֹɳĽԿʯɫâ˿ľѡ
ಡ
ʱѾվˣһȺʿȫ¶ޱ֮ɫѰֶΣȫˡ
ѰʦҲѰʦѰûƣѵǴ˵еѰʦ
ѰʦҲûмֶΣֲ̫ˡ֪Ѱɫ԰ף¶η֮ɫ
Ǻ˵˭ĺʱôһǿ콾Աȼаˡ
ĵʿǴˣѾõϢ˲Ƕĵˣµ콾˵еŽ塣Ц

˶˵飬¾˾˵ˣʱʮ꣬Ѿ콾ߣһ˶ɵľš
۵½аͲطУɫԽ¶µɱ
лλֵĿЩɳ͸Ұɣ
ԶһЦһֻµƴץЩɳ
ͣ
һɫĽգն飬ͬʱɵУһģҿ˭
΢΢һЦһЩɳ˲䱻װָУҲʮ
ֹƬ̣׽µĽɫʧתˣ΢ЦλȥԽɣǾͲɡ
ԲˡͨѰʿ˵Ѱˮƽ̫ߣѾˣܲɵɳҲˡ
ЦЦԭҰ뿪
ˢˢ
м˶ʱסǵȥ·
СãκηǼʲôԭҰɫһ䣬¶ɭȻɱ
ԭϢŭһλʵЦЦĿ⿴ף˵ֻ˵仰
ԭҰЦʥڵĵӵԽԽˣҵҲǲǷҪսһſԣ
ǺǣԭˣǲܡнСõ국ȻһЦĿ⻹ǿף֣ܷһӣ
װڰ֣ʾ⼧嶯Цʵ˵
ֵֶͨ쳹أֵǧɳõŽĳĵطұ岻ݴǡ
ԣ
˵Ԥϣ׺ʹؾʹӦˣ˦ֳȥǧɳ͸Сá
СҲ΢΢һɫϲæǧɳױȭ壬ĳġ
ЩС£ֿˡ
߽С֮мǰɳǸɵʥӣڶݷǷźܸߵĵλ
׵ˬ죬һȥɳ
λµĽɳҲʣ࣬ˡһ֮ͻȻһ֣Ц˵
ʱҲ׵⣬һЩɳܽύĵĸ콾ֵ
ֻƬ̼䣬ǾӮ˵ĺøУԭЩĵ׵һ˿ҲȻ޴档
˿λŽҲ˸˽⡣
Ȼһλ콾սֲǻͬȺ귭Ƽɨ˺ܴϰ
ţվûôºˡ
аͲطͬʱס˵ĽŲ
ͬΣûнɳرɣ޷̽Ϊ˱˹飬ֻӲͷƤȥɳ
֡طձȭδ˵ʲô׾ЦŰֲ֣ض˵ҵĽɳҲˡ
аߵʲѹʮɳôܻûУ
Σƫƫ͸ǣΪƢܺ𣿸Ͻҷŭװ֣ΪĲͷ

ߣ
аͲطɫ˲䶼
䣡
ԭҰֳʯЦôսһʱ㣬ǶǼ˵Ķ𣿡
ܻδȥ˶ֹס˽Ųؿ̬ķչ
ĵʿ֪аͲط治ǣǵһ˾͹ͷˣλŽһӾǵˣ治֪βճ
ףҿǲ뿪ˡавɫһſžסء

һĽ֮׻ȣ޾ĸ֮գһִĽ˿ĵ׷
Ŷһ뿪ģǾ԰ɣҴκвһڶġҲһ


483 ʥ
¶һ޵еƣ羪İɫѪ᳤գ𾪡

ָһһɫɲǼҡǧɣиԳ嫵ܡ
Ҫһսҷ㡣ɫȻаͲط档
ٺֱЦ׵Ƣĵʿ֪һ˵а¾ԪʿҲ
ԭҰͬЦϵʯ΢΢Ĳһɹʥǵأ˰ա
ս
ԭҰһŭХһɸߵľˣȻһͷ޴ľӰ
аͲطɫʱúѿ
Χ̫࿴ϷˣȻҲԼ磬аʱͻȻһϤұŰϢԶ
ɫʱ¶ϲɫ
һɫǧɳһ޴ĺֱӳշ·һӶ
޾ʥƺƵϯ
һλʥߵһ
׼Ȼ
ǺɫǴ̬ǿҵƿݵɱסףӵĺǣҲܲһ
ġŭһҪ
ߣ
һ֣ǧɫ֣նǿֲĺɫ
ɫǧֱӻС
飡
ձ˺ѳһӣǿµҵը죬֪жٴɽ̼仯촷ۡ
ȫԶ룬վڼԶĵطⳡϷ
ʥһ𣿲
׳Х绢Хɽ֣Ⱥɽ𶯣һȭӡƻٴػȥ
ֶͨΣʱöһЩ콾Żˡ
ǿŽ壬սʵֲǧɫĽԺɨˡ
аͲطɫʱһݡ
û뵽ŽȻôʥߵһסˣʵսԼҪǿһЩ
ףڵˣҵʦˡаЦŹһݣʦ֡
׺ͼ΢΢һüͷ
˱˴˿Цһԩ·խû뵽յûã˫Ĵ硣
ʣаеʦ֣Ȼ˫ڶĵĴ磬ྭ
䣡
⣬һʥ룬ױȵѹɫ䣬һЩ콾ΨǻѾĳ롣
ɵʵûм뿪վںԶս
ף
⣬ؾ۳һ޴ӰڿУ
纣˹ϵϣһò˫߷ˣâ˫ǧԶǿ̹ǵɱϯʮأµʥ
ףһδȥɱ㣬㻹վѪģΪ׵ܱ𡣡
ϵӴ˶Ĥ飬ǹɺصľֱʵʣһĨֱ¡
Ǵľʥ߿Խ֮Ϊʵʣһִɰ׳ա
ߣ
Цָһһ⻷ƽ֮
ྭΪʥôһ֣֪ܡײ壬һǧɫڿգ֮գɱ͸ʮء
Ҳվһһڴ֣ǿʥϢһʥ
ֻһϢͽմ͸
ֳʯԭҰͬʯһӱ׵գɴסһ̤߳ͨƣŸܡ
ྭҶҵѳ֣Ǿһսɣһûʥ֣һԡ
ƾˣ
ԶɵӰǰһߣտʼѣµѵأܻ񷡣
䣡
һֻ޴ƾôĴ֮ձɻ磬˶ںˣҲһЩǵ콾ͻȻ¶Ц
ྭ̫Դˡ
Ȼʲôط
˵ءųǵĵ̣һԪһĴʥﶯ䣬ΪųǻӲ
ˣ
Ȼһȡ
ǧɴ˲һ𣺡ྭȥɱ⣡
㡭
ྭɵķڲŭΪʲôΪ׵ܱҲųǹ̫ܵˡ
ߣ
ߵ˵һ飬ȥɱ⡣
ûнֻͣǰԵһ仰ྭɫ˱䣬ûҳ֣һʧ

ɽһѹʧһЦԽʥ
аͲطȫɫȥһȫͲ׵Ķ֣ԭҰףаûаա
߰ɣȥĳЩ˱߳֡Цŵؿаˡ
аɫһȥûٻųǡ
΢΢һЦľ͵ңԺкϷˡ
ʲôҪҲأɳʥ߶Ըǣϻؼҵɱֵ
˷ųǡ


484 
ʱ֮ǷųǣеĻԭҰаͲطȴѾȻ뿪
ٴλصǾ޴ĵعʥӶѾˣ֮׷ȭ΢Ц
һĻδȥɿ˶еȣ˵˭Ȼȱ죬ղȻͽύôˣ
Ҵ󲿷ֻǸɵʥӡ

ˢ
뵵Ĺâһ˾ٴվյ̨ЦȻһĨĶƤ֮ɫ
ǶѾѽƺ˼ˡ̻ܣаͲط涼ڣ¶һĨֵЦݡ
£ҵǧɳóɳ˦յ̨һǡ
ʮóɳųֱ֣ӳһɳ˿ۺ졣
ǼһãһλѰʦѣôܻǶ֣
Ž壬ѰʦսǿֲޱȣܵסʥһаԸ潻档
ôǿȻ
ȻǿǶԻǽڶĹڰ裬ɾ콾ʰ
˵Ѿ˰壬ǲŹˡ
ſϷɣʥӱչس϶ҪȥŽĻЦ
۷׷׵ǶУԭҰʱ¶֮ɫС֣ҵʥӵȷܲöԸ
ûµġ׾Цӻֺ⡣
ԭҰҲЦЦ˼Ȼ£ȻҲò죬ԭҰҲó׵ĻԼΪѣȻǼõģΪУ˼ҹ˯þ
һɳˤ̨ϣĿһתżһۣעĿ⣬ȴۼϡ
ųǵݺ͵λɽǷȻס˾Ž壬ҲĶĺ档
һջĿ⣬ŻʣµʮˣһЦôͿʼеɡ
˶ʱס̡
򵥣ǶԶʲô΢ЦҴռͨѧһö𾪵ѧãĿǰ̫տҪͨȥ䡣
΢΢һЦ˵ôҵĵ˭׵ͨ伮ԽǸ˭ͨˣεһֻˡ
ʲô
ʲô£Ҫ̫ˡ
һȺ˶ʱ׷ױʾƽ
գ΢ЦﲻƽˣǺܹƽľŶ֮ǰѾ˵ˣͨǰؿˣڽʧܺǲͽɳġ
úݣ
ŹȻơ
Ůˣƾž˫òܽȺŪ֮У¡á
һ壬ۡ
ҧгݣ̫ˣǻܽɵľѧй¶ȥطͨ伮ֲУºѹء

߰ɫȨˣû취飬ǲΪ̱ѸԵʦš
мɫ䣬Ǽһνӡ
̽˵̬۵ףȻԸʹó򣬷ֱݸûȨļˡ
ǿͨڤһöö֣ȻӡУȻоǿȥͨĵȼ
ֽӹȻ΢˼Ƭ̣һıɷӡУֽȥ
ʲôͨ׺ش
ĹųڣһóǹǸͶԶǼˣеͨ伮գҾóһͨȥˡһЦ˵İɣһͨġ
š
ЦЦ
ȻǻĹųڴɵͨȻûģԭҰҲ̽˳ȥ
λԵһʱ𰸱΢΢һЦ̨ϣεȣԵüɰ
һʱת˲ţһѹͻȻعնζ·һ㡣
ղûһҲʾ˶ƴﵽ¯ĵز
䣡
Ƶʥ޿ƥС
һ޴ӰڰУ˾Ķǵѹʹ˱ɫ
벽ʥ
̾
׺ͼҲɫأȷһ벽ʥð벽ʥȥҲǸӡ
ʲŹаͨݽȥ뼸λϵۣһǼ񣬵ڶԭҰžߡ
ǰ벽ʥ˵úܼ򵥣ֺͨʧµѹҲ֮ʧӰ
Ҿ˵һǵһɡЦ˿˼һס
ԭҰֻǵȻһЦȻԤ֮С
ǳෲžߣȥͻ𣬺ɨ콾Ϊ˽֮һ


485 
žʲôˣԭǷ֪
̾ڶŽһصĲԣҲصУҵһҾ¥ơ
׿¥֯ľ󣬺һƶԭҰʵ
ԭҰ΢΢һüͷҲǸոմ̽ϢļڶĬĬҲ˵óͨ伮ͨųǸֵĿˣôӦһɵĵӡ
޵ɺܶ𣿡
ܶ࣬󣬿˵ʼԴڶķԴģ̫ɣҲ֪Ҳ
˾ƣЦԭǶ֣е𣿡
ԭҰʧЦ˵ˣֻǾúŲμϷףԸձ˹Ŷ
Ц㼪ԣɱķ

˵䣬ммŮΪ񣬺ڷټӢһʣɽһ㡣
ײ࣬ѰԸһЩü¶ǿҵġ
ʣҲһͷɵ콾ҡҡ
λ֡ЦЦŴһӣһȺ˾͸¡
ԭ֣΢Ц
ԭҰ¶һ˿⣬׺ͼȻصģҲһЦԹ˺Ⱦơ
΢΢һЦõСһ꣬ܲس˼⣬ЦֻȥҰɣ
Ȼ
СѾ֪ˣҹһ仰ͷһЦ
˵
ҵСԨԴҲԸգŵᱣƽһֻ֮Ǳˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ
̬Цʵк뷨𣿡
ųǵһȥݷùɣ˶ĻĹż壬̫ΪһС
ֺ̾αôִţⶫĿɲҲ쵶ССɡ
ɫʱƣ¶һĨֻΪԼִŸ۵ġ
ι˵ʲôϻأʲôҪָ㹻ʸ𣿱ΪҵҾͲҴ򡣡
üëһӲָͷ͵ϡ
󵨣
ߣ
񣡡
һļŮʱվȫŭһ˻ڰʿؿż
ôܣʱ㣬ЩèУҪ˴һ
뿴żаЦݣҲЩη塣
ʵʶֻҵϵӵ֮ܲƥУȻڶߣҵĵλߣֻһĺʥӡ
ߣ
ЦȻλ֪ˣǾưɣǡ
ӣҲߵߣղЩ߹̫ңǹǸ
㡭ŭ̫ˡ
˭֣
ЦڶĵĵλȷܸߣûжԶģųвǣͲ¡𣿡
ɫ˱䡣
쳯ʵɲ⣬ȷңο¡⣬ԵõϵĴУսҲֲܿ
Ҳûаռ˼ֻǵ˲˳ۣҵôһ
׺ͼ̫ڶҲӣ뷴·硣
ôҲûϵھȥǶ⼸èһĿһУ˿ͲǷᱨ
򣡡
ɫյͺһɫޱȵĮ
أ
Ůȫعһԣ˵ǴˣԺ϶ߡ
֮Ľ취Ч竽𣬳бҪһ֮⣬öԷԼߣѾǴʤ
ɣһӡ
һȺɫ뿪ʼһԵȻغȲ裬¼뽻ʱҲ˵
ԭҰֵܣûɴս
ΪУֲֵܽĶ֣񻹺˵ǱȽ׶ԸϲŭɫŽ壬ȴ̫ˣûԸĵˡ
ǼȾƣùǡһˣЦ׺ԭҰϾơ
ȾơԭҰЦЦ

ⳡһֱȵԭҰȥ뿪ʱ˶ģĿնܻɢ
ԭҰ뿪˲䣬׺ͼ۾ͱһҲ˲ʧȫ¶ɫ
Сӣھȥݷ¡ûҪӵˣȻѾ֪ųǣһֱڵǡ
׳Ƭ̣Ȼ˵
ãߣ
ϵͷ׵Ļɰ֡


486 ݼ¡
ųһߴǧɵɽԲǧرأռң޷ʹǫ̂ؾΪŨκδɵʥضضá
ɽһģׯ԰¡ĸۡ
¡ĶǴ棬ô쳯ʵϲȻĸǱݵ΢ȻԺĵλ
һʱƹųǣΪ쳯ȨƵ֮һ
ųǱ¡Խֲ˴Լ˭Ҳ޴Ĺųжӵˡ
׺ͼδӽɽͱ˿סˡ
һλУŰ벽ԪΪĽ΢΢һЦ˵λѿİǱ˰ɡ
ţݷµģ˵˰ݷãҽм񡣡ЦЦҲܿػص
꽫Ŀʱһݡ
λԵȣͽȥã꽫첻˿æԶΡɽ
׺ͼеصš
ߣ
ʱ洫һƵߣһϤҲѺõϢ˲䱻Ǹ֪
˻ͷаɫشӳݵĿⶢˡ
ˣԩ·խҵ°ܽôû뿪üͷһܲ˵
аĿһ˿ɱ̧ͷԶɽһۣѹЦ˰ɣٲڶҲʵʵعء
һ˵ţа߽ͨȥЩʿʶаƾɽڡ
ġһ
ЦЦ˵аôҲҵʥӣ¡ȻҪӣϾǶģ򡣡
һ
ֹƬ̣꽫ϴſЦݣλѣ롣
á
ˡ׿ػص
ˢ
Ӱǰɽľ޴ׯ԰ӽׯ԰ʱ򣬼ʮɾǿϢɨһȦ
׺ͼ񱻾úëֱ
ôʥȻʥߣ¡ĵ̵ȷֲ׺ͼһۣеܳԾ
λ쳯£ҪлҪֲܶࡣ
ôʥߣųǾͿһĴˣ˵лʥڰб
׺ͼӳǰһûʵĹΰҲǹׯ԰һǣׯ԰һֱ쵽ɽ˭Ҳ֪ɽкεȿֲǿ
̻Ի͵ĴſڣһеʿأҲΪм˴ﵽ硣
ͨΪԼ¡εӴ
λ꽫ǽյĴںһˣǲλ
ЦЦͬϵƺһ
أʵ
ʲдһλҪĿˣλԵƬ̣Ͼ꽫˵߳ȥ
¡ǺôļӡһƲ졣
׾Ц˵ǻĸϣôڱͲ½֮ŭ
ЦҾ϶ûôСۣôǿΪ֮Ӧͦġ
˵ˣһ֮أ걾ٴչһЦ
ϵʳͳ
ĵķζͬЩƫ׵ĿζһһţɾͱԵøɸɾ
䡭
ٴαƿа߽ʱһ׺ͼҲͬһ
ģôĶ
׺ͼ񼸺ͬʱֹۣ
аԭЦɫһӱĿ˸ţ֪Щʲô
Աߣͬһλ·ƺΪһЩüҲһ˿ͰȻ
ϸ磬ô£ѵҲǣаָǣǲˬ
˭
ոɫһݣȵ
˭йϵ˭һȥǱӲˡ񵱼׳վͺˣƫƫҪҡ
а꽫ɫʱü
ǸڣǳĴܼң˭ģ꽫ŭȣһơ
û˵
ǺǣСһɣҲЦ
ڴŭŭ֣¶ֺƵЦݣһǳϤϢڽӽ
аɫҲ˱䣬ƺ֪˭Ҳٶ˵ʲô
СܵһŰ谡ʱ͸һǽһ㡣
ʱһһΰӰǰ


487 ų֮
һ˶Ӱǰһĸߴ꣬ڷ٣ɫۣ
һױȵĻŨɲǼ¡һرʣ鲻ԽؾҪ
¡
ӡ
ںаæּ
һЦûһ˿η壬ֵˣ¡硣
Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵¡
¡ЦЦлߵλǰ£Ȼø뿪ʾ¡
ղŻһλҪĿˣǵˡ¡΢ЦӣüȻƽһµȡ
аЦ¿ˣ¹æǶһҲӦõġ
׶һЦ
⻹ĸЦĵаô¡Ȼôϥ¶һ˿ֺõζ
ҵۺʵҪȴ쳯Ҫ£аܸԸôֻһԭ
ͼ
ͼ̡
¡ִųǰ꣬ʲôûֻһЦֶԼСܾܵܺûû뵽һʮ꣬Ҳˡ
Ʋ죺ҿûӡű𡣡
¡ЦԵúܸˣĿһתƽȾƵףЦλĽɣ
ĳ
Ž޵Уʮѹ콾һ鴫¡Ц
ˣȣҵ΢ĩΪʲô˫ƺгɫâһգʧӰ
ȷ͸¡
ӱϿ¡ǰ벽ԪΪأһ㣬ޱʵսѾһʥͬ
Կ϶һԪһΪδĶ֣λӣ治ͬ졣
а²ʲô𣿡¡а磬Цʵ
£ҪסаĿһᶨ
¡ɫ䣬ֻǰЦСõĻ£ҿŶ㿴ڲǰ̨ȥμӣܶڣȻлΪҵ÷㿴òã
а޺޵ؿһˣұ̭ˡ
㿴õƢҲ֪Ժ˵ɡ¡΢Ц
а¶֮ɫֲ¡˼Ƶصͷ˵Ȼȥˣݷõ¡
ţøһ¡¡ͷδ͡
а뿪뿪ͬʱɫؿ׺ͼսȻ⣬ǺһЦټ°ܽ
ߣ
аߣ첽뿪

ˣˣʲô𣿻ǵɣ˳㵱ҵ÷򣿡¡
ҲԶ㣬ȻҪ顣ҲûпֱԵҪͨҩ
ţ
¡ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ҫζҩҳʲô𣿡
ζҩͨûʲôã۷ǿűЧ¡ϲ³дˡ
ţҲ˵үү⵽һߣҪζҩ
¡ֱֱʵ㲻᲻ɣ
¡֣ЦɴѣǼҲܱסһôȣöҩҲ֪ҩһֱҵĻƹܡ
üʵ
ţǡ
æа취ֻҪҩҪκһζҩǼҼС
¡ûԥǽύõİ취üҳһ飬жܰ쵽
ҾͻϢֻһ¹Ű壬һᾡΪ¡˵
磬лˡƱ
Ǻǡ¡Ц˵ЩȾơ
飡
ͻȻűƿ˫߽˫ʱһ
¡õ̬۵ף΢΢еȵͬʱҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Լܼ޸ҵӣ͸ϣûλˣ뵽λĴ֣¡аЦһ
ôˣǲˣЦһЦڼ档
ɫ¶֮ɫ֧֧˭ˣֻһµġ
תЦ㶼ˣ϶ϲˡ
ûС
ȻȭҾ;Ϣˡ
תͷ޶ԣʱŭ㻹ߣ
˹ô˵ٻ
ʱһƬˣ˵˵ôܻ㲻ˡ
ˢ
ߵĺܿ죬գ۾ͱɽȥ


488 ˳һս
쿩ЦţǿĶӵӣü۽ǶЦ⣬¶һ˿⡣
ֵ£ˣ黹ģֵܼ顣
¡ؿһףΨһһ˿͸ˣսǳǸôɲ⡣
򣬵һλš

ʣ¡С
һЦģȻǼҵ£ȻȫԸٰһ磬һɡ
á
׵ͷһЦ̵ֳͷʩʩȻ뿪
ѾͷԼкøУȥ¡һЦ
󷽣̹ȻصͷǰҾϣףĻ˸е¡
˵˵档¡һЦ
̻Сȭͷߵ˵Ļδ÷򡣡
¡۾΢΢̾ϢҪ޸ذ
̲Ϊ⣬ЦҵĸҲĸһһҸġ
ɵѾͷ¡Ц

ףСˡ濴֮ɫļһߵˣǰ˴󡣡
׵һۣߵܺãԺҪ׷ɱ취
ʱһЦ鰡ֵһӣôôһʶ
ЦЦŹųǷȥ
æ׷Ϲȥ¶֮ɫ֧֧Сӣѵϲˣϲ𣿡
̸ϲ΢΢Щøжѣû˵ģ֮ˡ
ʼһЦͷˣ鷳ͷȻֱŮ֮Ժ˵
ʱ˻صסľ¥
һҹ£ҺҶûųڣһңҪ¡һЩӡ
ڶһ磬׺ͼٴ޴ĵع
ʣһصĿ飬ڷ࣬½½Ȼǧǰ̽ϢҲ֪λ콾Դ򶯾Źķġ
ˢ
һ뵵ĹĻЦس̨ϣôľǣ˼һ㡣
¡ͻȻ˵ʲôԭҰͻȻɫεվһλŮһѣβһҰԵС
ţ̲ؿһۡ
ԭҰЦ£һصĿ˳ˣǺǡ
ˣðɡ̿ԭҰߵĿҰСŮˣ˼صͷЦףҸ
лл
ԭҰЦЦ弧񺰵ּͣҿ㡣
İɡһЦ
εطۣ˻治ž߷΢΢ŤͷԶž߿ȥ
òƽƽһԣɫĵȻʱĮȻӲżֳһ˿ȡ
΢ݣò˵ԷǳֲȻȥֻΪʵսڼ
Ҳ֪һصĿʲôҲ̫ɡ
ȻԭҰԶ˳ǵصĿ˾͸վյ̨Ц˵һصĿ˾Ǵܿ
ҵ˱Ҫгǿսܱһӣһؾһƣû˳ͨǰĹصֻмžߣ˸ɴһɣʤˣϣҵķ
˵úֱףϷĹȴ˷һսȷֵƱˡ
ҼҲѾ֪򼧼ҵӣпڽƿؼңҲ뿴λӵսΡ
žߣ󲿷˶˽⣬ֻ֪˳أӦǶĳɵĵӡ
ȻȻܴӵһشһأʵСơ
㵽ΪֹʮΪޣ𣿡̿żžߣһԽĶˡ
ûСžɫȻػش
ⱲӾͲ´ܣҲ˵ǴǾ԰ɡ
΢΢һЦӰһ̨žվһѾ̤յ̨
ҵ𣿹һս
ͻȻ䣬žߵ̬췭ظı仯ԭƽɲǼ쳣аȣаȻ͸ײкͱ壬ָżɡ
ţ
׺ԭҰͬʱһü
һǸеޱΣյϢȻ䴫ݹ
˿վ̨ϵžߣҪ֮ǰֲʮٱ
Σգ
۾һУԼСġ
İɣЦЦ⡣
ͬһΣҲѾ̨̤ϡ
ʱ޴̨Եܵܲ͸Ĺą̂ʱƵֹ˹ʱй
ǶǾ콾Ƿֻ㼸оܲع
̨ϵܲͿԸսʱй̨ɣ֧Ǵսһ


489 
ϵ̨ϵܲϸȥ̨ܿܵļŵۣеĺۼѾȥ޾£ޱȡ
֪жǿսӡǣ̨ɼޱȣ޴̨֤Ӣ۵Ҳ֤ʧߵİ衣

žͬʱվ̨ϺȻʧһ˫˫Ŀ⿴ˡ
׺ԭҰĿ⣬̨ͬ
ˢ
мعȻаͲطˡ
֣ⳡս˭ʤط汳˫֣ʵ˫˸ݵĹâݺݵضż
аĮȻӦǼ񡣡
δء
ţ
طЦЦأĲɣδ̽žߵܰɣ
аһɫĮȻ
ط浭ȻһЦ˵Ѿ̽žͬһ㣬֪ʮ𣿡
ʲô
аɫ䣬ĿⶸȻüϬ೤˫̨ϵžߡ
˵žޱȵʮţ
ҼпʮŵʥӣʮѾ伣ֳ꣬ˣд߶ˡ
аɫӣ촽֪Щʲôʮ˽Ҳ࣬Ҳ֪һʮǿʢȻĹҲᲢۣһ£Ҳö۲Сơ
ǰʮŴ߶ģ쳯ĦǴֶζΪй¾һǳأʮˡ
쳯ŭɳҪеˣʮŸֳ֣Էһս֮󣬾ȻԺ͡
µ˶ġ
ô쳯ԺͣʮžԿƿֲµ͵Ҳ䣬ÿγֶȷѪꡣ
аϣ¶һ˿Ц
žߵһս׶༪١
ʮŵʥӣһܶԸģң㼧ʤôҲʮŽˣڶߣȻܵʮŵ׷ɱ
ֲɣɲںʲôĹҵġ

ž߿Ŷļ˫¶̵ɫһЦҵҿ㵽жǿ
һ˲䣬žϺâ˸һ˸еļµаǵء
ֳһգޱߵĺٵɺģһȥ
໣
һµع
žһɫ֣۴ףɢ档
໣
ɫһڹ⸩ݿһҪ˺顣

ɲǼ䣬˶ʧ
䣡
ǺЯױȵĿܣɲǼ̨Ҫ˼
ɫ䣬һ˫ƽһͿʼӡһڹŶ֣һڹŽ֣ͬʱѹǺ
Сɹˡ׿һĻһЦ
ǼҾԲ⴫ľѧĸӣǧӡҪѧᣬ
һڹŶһڹŽʵڵģȫͨģɢʥ
飡
ŶŽɢ⣬ײ˺ɫ̨ҵɢȥɲǼ޴ĵع
ҺֻûκζǾҵһЩΪ΢ȫҡΣ㱡
ս
ڷ٣ָ罣ͻͽ֯һٲȥ
Ҳͨĺù죬һҲģ𣿡˾̾
žɫ䣬ϺɫһһɫǹУѸǰһ㣬ǧǹ֣һ
ͬʱֱɱ˹һХɫƣ·ɼ佫С
һ೤ХŽԶͷ·һ߽֮ƣÿһζ԰ľ
ޱϢž¶˷·Ѿһһڹֱ
飡
ߣȻֳһ޴İɫ챮챮һƣײкڹײһ
ͣ
ɫĳǹҽһͻأشڼϣǰһƬѪȥ
ս̨ϣ׵ɫ˲
ֿ֣²žʮŵĴˣղʩչʮŵĺ
ĶߣԭҰ
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪κһ֣˼κιءɫĮ
ԭҰͷɫ䡣
ǲҪ󣡡
׵ɫʱ࣬ΪȻоɿµϢסԼһɲǣƱǣ˫翴طаȵǸңɱȫ塣


490 ͨ
䣡
Ŀ磬Ŀ⿴аͲط棬¶Ũҵɱ˿Ρ
طаֻЦҲûг֣ǶѾˣһ׸ƻؾȼҲ
ʱ򣬾عˣҲ׺ͼϳΪųǵʸ֮ģ޴档

žһˣ϶ʱ¶̵Цݣһӱӵȥһӿ˹ȥǳĿֲ
鰡
ǰһƬѪɫԽļ㣬һХ俪ʼӡһɫĴеĺɫ
մӡ
žߵɫ΢΢
һȫѪڣһĺ飬ȫת
𣡡
һХɱɱвմӡһ޴챮ֻ
ڷ٣һս
ɫԽĲ԰ף԰׵ЩˣսԽĿֲһнһУˮһ㣬ϡ
飡
һֻг೤ʯصײž߱󣬽żһƣһźɫ
ɫɱȥһȭžϡ

žߴ𣬱ϣùⷭɣѪǺɣȥǿֲ
ʮ𣡡
飡
̨ϵžߣȻʧŰгһͼǧ̨֣һƬ
֮棬ع
Ķݺݵسż˺ҧ
һɵļⳡսչֳ֮ǿսž߰еͨڣɵ֮ɫʼƽ
򣡡
մӡһƽһƣɫĴӡ˲䲻֪˶ͷ
𣡡
ٿȻ䡣
һͷɫУֳֺɫǹĶ֣֮Ϣһӱǧٱ
ЦͻȻҲʧ뵽У˲֣һڹŶѹ
ǶʵǳĿ£Ϊǹһ˹Ŷһǹ̳ļƳ
ۣ
Ҽ磬̳һѪ
һģϳһ㵭ĺűѹס
Ȼĵ˲䣬ǶɲǼ伧ȫѪ߰ߣ˼ʮ˿ڡ

ЦŰɡ
žߣԼΪʮе޹ԭҰ
šֻǵͷɫǳĮ
ˢ
˵˲䣬˫ֽȻݺչһŽᵵǰסžߵĹ
ţ¶֮ɫӰһŤȻһɫʯ
ǣ
Ǽҵ֮ͨУû˰챮˾¶˼֮ɫǼԪʿͨ⼧ʩչǲ̫ǿˡ
ҵӣȻǿ
ɼİɫ챮Хȥֱӽžϵĳǹײ飬һױȵžײȫѣһѪֱȥ̨ıԵش
䣡
ֱָӰڵϣüĴһεѪȫ죬ڣ֪˶ٱԴ
ˢ
һٴһĳ
ָſסžߣŵغߵôҾʹȥˡ
ˣ
žȥͷϵİɫָɫԹؿһۼת̨ȥ
ȣ
ЦȳѪ⣬ҡҡ׹ʣƾŴվ̨ϡ
ǵһôͨԵУûнκεķһλ콾ƴ˰С
ʤ
̨µ̣¶һ˿׾ϲ
ϲˣȻ˵á
ãҾʤ߾򼧼ҵļպμҾٰᡣ
̷ɵ̨ϣܱƽʤߣȻСؿһۼ뿪˵ع
ˢ
̸ȥѾվ̨ϡ
ôûɣһ仰û˵꣬ͻȥ
ˣԭҰҲЦ˵һ䡣
׷żҲЦЦһôûʲô£߶ѡ
˲ż߳عʱаͲط档
ԭҰƵһЦôʱǴһ¡
ߵҰСŮ״϶ʱֳޱɱһ׶еļµϢһš
׺ɵؿСŮһۡ
Ҷʦֳ֣ԺǣȻʺҰСŮߣһɱ뺷ζ
ԭҰεĿԼͶĿ⣬Խò˼ˣֻקδޱ߳ع
֣δƽػǺģֻǡ
Ҷ׾Ц
ĺᡣԭҰᡣ
ҰСŮȻһԭҰǲˣ˾ֱ˵̲㡣


491 Ϊ
һ˻صջʱˣӸö֮ЦһսоΣ
ɫ΢΢԰ףûоܲãžͨ죬һѲļһ
΢΢һ٣һ˿ʮŵĵӣεǲưոݵġ
΢΢һЦ鵭ȻΣĥѣʹȻԳۡ
ǵȻҽҪ۰ԹءҲЦ
ЦЦȻҪչգΪһɡ
Ҫչأ칻𣿡һ
׵ͷ˵ȫˣĽ˵ãҵΪб棬㹻ɳʱͻˡ
Уʲôطչأ
ڳƬɽɣζݵıչأҵΪõܴĿ
һ˵ãΪ㻤ζݱչһС̨𣿡
صһЦһ̨ףֹ
ǰɣѵҪһͻƵ죿ǵһ˭Ķ֡
𻢣
Уһ˿ɱ

ççɽ
ֹ˼ȭһаɵɽһ˽ȥ¼滤
ϥڰУ΢˫ϢʵʶѾܣκη紵ݶ⵽һ
ɽ
һӣСɽƵɳͽϵʯΧУĽ֮ǵء
ſһĽɳУȻ󱻹ڻĸ֮뵽ڡ
䣡
壬ɲǼ˸һļãһ߿ʼʼʽͬʱʼʶµ︽ͼ︽Ľɫ󺣡
Ļޱȵۺ񣬼ųĽΪС̨ס
һʱ
ʱ
ʱ
ʱ֮󣬼ʮνɫˮ˽ɫ󣬻񱩵伷׵塣

ľʼѣ޷ĳԱʹһ
ҺûйԲһɽҪݻ١
صﵽԲһľأʼɿ񱩵Ӵ
ͬʱʼʽ
һΪﵽ죬һѪᴩɽֱǧɡ
׼Ѱ˲κϢñųǵǿ߾쵽
϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ૵ģСӿ԰һʹﵽˣҸӲǶˡ

һȫս֮ǰҪǿֹڵҺ̬һܴһɽ
ʼڤʼʽĵڶСա
ĸ֮þʼģһеͨʽԺģǧٱ顣
ߵɳԽԽ٣󼸶ֵĽԿʯȫգģա
ʱ֮
׻۾¶һ˿Ц⣬Ҳ֪ʵսʱһܷ˲еһλ벽Ԫʿ
ԽʼʽԽ֪ŽĿֲ𽣶κνȲϣЬ䡣
λߴͨ治

ڶģ˼ʱ׿ʼٴδ̼ɫ󺣣˲ãСϪƵĽɫҺܲȫ
飡
ȫѣˡ
ģ
ɫһڣæתɾķ£壬µشڴŽ壬һӾˡ
ѾӲҲҪ
Һã
ĵޱȵ
һɹӵӿƣͬʱʼǿޱȵ

䣡
ɽѣɫѪŰأһսؼ䣬µϢǵء
죬޳ɣ
ҿ
Ӷֱˣ¶Ľ֮ɫߵûûɹˣģһӳΪΪһսˡ
У
Ѫ΢Цôˣɵˣ
ٵѾĶˡ
ʧЦ٩ɲ壬ѵˣ
䣿ôܣߣֻڱ΢һЩѣٰ꣬Ҿͻᳬ㡣
ЦЦױȵĿ⿴ϵųǣսһԼҲһڵʵ
û˵߰ɣ컹ҪȥμᣬƻƵģʱˡ
д⣡һЦ


492 
ʱ֮á
׺ͼٴλصųǣ˿̿ųЩʯ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪׵Ϊ̨ס
ԭڶʱ׾¾벽ԪʿΪǣ۹ǳ޵ļ֮⣬ԪѾû˶֡
ڶս𻢣ͬһս֮

¡ˡ
һڿյɽ棬·Գһ磬ԲǧĶǱڵĺԶҲһ͹ҩţŨĻؾ˾
¡߳һµéȥ
ھéݰ״ͣ£ҲһҴ
ʦ𡣡¡İݵ𾴣ʦѾչض꣬ٻʲôҪ𣿡
éڣһǱһɳˣкⶫĺʱôһλῡ壬ѲһЩ˵ļ֪λǴ˵еŽ塣
ף¡һ
Ǻӣ̶ʱ䣬ڶͻƵ죬𣿡
¡ɫ䣺ʱС̨ף⡭ѵŽ紫˵ǰ㣬Ҫ޵𣿡
δ鲻˵¹ȿ㾡ܽãߵļҵҲǷǷˣɲ塣
¡ɫأ֣صصͷʦģ֪ô
Ǻǣ⺢һأҶ㻹ǷĵģŽΪ£
ġ
¡򵥵˵һԵɡ
ţǣҺңκϣ֮ˮǱֺùϵУиԵڶĲΣյġ
š¡ͷ
ȥɣҸоѾˣúд
ʦˡ¡һ̤ƺѾ뵽УɲǼʧ
¡֮é߳һλµ۵ˣһͷѩ׵ĳ˫·
ȰĹǣҪ˰һ̾Ϣٴηéڡ

ҹ˸
׺ͼٴ¡ĳ
ǾŹ̵գųǲ֪ٸ߹ٸǰףأиɵῡ壬һ½½ǰһݻĹ
ǹɽۣĸûʣǾŹʱ¡͸
ɽİУ½п
Լնǲеĸ̳ɺ׶һˡ
֣֡ԶԭҰűͦľװǴкŮѣȻ𱬣˵Ŀ⡣
ԭ֡׺ͼ߹ȥ
ף
ԭҰףһ¶֮ɫɫˣ֣㡭㻹Ϊô죿
׽һˣԭҰľ콾Ǿ޷ġ
񸽺͵ԭҰǱͷʹȥɣսѾԶԶˣȷˣǱ̬
ԭҰͬеصͷ̾۹һûмĶˡ
׺һЦתߣԹ԰ɣҵĶӺöȥЩʳȥˡ
ҲЦСˣȥĴתת
ԭҰЦúأ֣㽫ء
Ϊʲô
㼫пܱ˹Ŷ
ɫһ죬Ҵ뿪ˡ

ĴĿ׷·һۼĳǱĿĶǶĸصʳ
ϲʳҲı۹⣬һʢһѳʳȻһ֭ȥá
ˣҲųǴǧҵ壬͵ȵģľӣƽԹɽ亣ζʳ࣬˶
Ȼôһ࣬ʱ˱
ںЩӵܵĿԹһ߳ţΪһֱԶҲ޷ܾܾʳջ
֣˵ύҵĵӣԶһȺ׿˶žƱһֺƵضһʵ
š˴һ¶ư֮ɫҿɢһϢñ֪һʿ
ײһЦĺϤڵʱҲμӹνᣬǰһĻĻ޲ͬ
֣֪㲻ϲ֣ƬȽϰǾῪɡЦ
š
ǹһ㳯һ˿Ŵõףʱһüͷȥһ߳ԣǡ
̾ö˶˳ЩʳҲǳǷǣһեĹ֭޶ԣЦ˵ҳ뿪ˣλ԰һɡ
ˣ
ļҵĵӣôأðݹվţЦ
ɫҲ͵һֵܣǼҪ̸ȥĵطɡ


493 ˭ǣ
ذɫȻһ˿߸ϵı飬ףԼⷬʲôס
ؼųǵƼ壬һλ޳ʥųǳ
ذҲųһٮٮߣ裬ǽ̵ᣬͶִˡ

΢΢һЦǰӸ磬еĲ̷ϣЦЦǸھŹ£
ذ΢üͷΪãֵܣϻ̫ˣǹ¾ٰᣬǲ£߰ɡ
ȣһ֣ҲЦȻǾŹᣬҲԸ£ǹǸҽͼˡ
ذݼ˶ʱһƵĿףʵ벻Ϊʲôô
ųؼҵʵѵ
ǹǸʸ㵽ļҵĵӣҪԼ鷳˴Ц
ذ˫׹һߵֵܣǲĳӣ
ӣʲôиƨӡһֿͻȻ𣬶ʱ˵Ŀ⡣
뺷ԭҰ󲽶ɢΣ֮Ϣֿ¶Ȳм֮ɫǿĲ˱ɫ
ذݵɫҲȻһ䡣
ԭҰʶġ
ԦŵʥӣԦڶĵʵֲĹһϳ̡
˵ؼңųҲԦŵĶ֣ԭҰĳ֣ذһɲͷ
ٿףЦЦпһ£ɫ˲úѿѵߵ岻ɣ
ԭʥӡذɫ仯޳ͬʱһݣܿ

ԭҰ൱һƾͳذݣֵʲôҲװβǡ
ذֱӱ˼Զȫͷ֪˶ٸд󺧲˵¶Ϳֻ֮ɫ
ȷȷߵ塣
Ƕһʳ꣬һˡ
֣αظֽɫϻһƴɱˡԭҰһƨЦ
ЦЦ˵ǿǵͷģһұǴô죿
ᱻˣԭҰЦĿһذݣֵܵǸ
ذսսվһԴҴȫǳľ֡
ǼϹ˹ۣӶ֣мӸҶָֻţԭҰЦ
ذɫȻĿ´Ѫųǵһǳˣ󶼻ΪеЦ
ԭҰʵﲻҪֳӲؼҾҪš
ؼʥ٣Σ
ԦŻּؼһҷʬ޴档
ԲĳˣǸԺǼ㶼˱ᡣذݳ׾һ
ߣ
һߴаɫ߽һĻĿⶸȻһɭȻɱ
֡ذݷ·ǿ˴ǣһ¶ϲ֮ɫٿʱӺ䡣
ذݣҪҵ棬αǵǸамʿȫҵĵӣϢǿҲΪ
֣ҡ㡣ذ¶߷֮ɫĬĬվа˫ض׺ԭҰ
ʱ
Ѿˣһ˫˫ĿⶼۼⳡϷ
мʶ˶ˣԦŵִ׺ܶ˶ʶԶԵˡ
аˡԭҰɢذڰ֡
а׺ԭҰЦΪҵֵܣ˵ĵԽԽˣΪҵ˺۸𣿡
ԭҰ˵׻ֹˡ
ЦЦվ׸ߵݣа˵ߣҲ㣬ٲߣҴ㡣

ȫȻ
ذݶ¶֮ɫ㶵ؿף˵ʲôͷȻав
аɫ˲ǵͨ죬󷢰ףһɿ񱩵һţǿҿֲ
ף
һŭȣһ㣺ǶģҲʵſš
ף
ף˵ľ콾Ǵ˵еŽ壬ʮѾ۷콾
Ҳжţ˵һ֮ΪֲĶ֣콾ߵĴڡ
ԭ
һƬ˶˵׵ţаֺ󣬴󲿷˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭŽˣֲû᲻ҵĵӡ
ԣλŽɱ飬Բ̣ݺʮδһ٣콾еجΡ

΢΢һЦаѾ֮ΪҵĶ֣涼˵ǿĺӣҿ
㣡
аŭȵһս񣿡
ãþŹ̨һսݣô׸ֶѪɫ䡣


494 
䣡
վﲻɽżͷųһ˿Ѫ˱ɫ˾ޡ
Ŀ磬ڷƮаȵҷһս
аɫüѿ
ҲԽԽ࣬ΧСվúԶϷ˭ҲҴǰҲڡ
ذݵɫڱÿֻź;塣
ԼСףԭΪаĵԼһسӣ˭ϵԷаС
Ǹ߰սȵȫذף¶ԷһܴԼ
콾ѵаǶټĶģһ˭Ķ֣
ذݵɫǷϺ;
һս˭ӮؼұȻ֣֮ܵŽ廹ǶĵңؼҶǲ
ף
飡
аŭĿܻ֮һѪа׷٣ޡ
Ҫս뿪̨㹫ƽһսЦ֮ɫĵ콾ĳˡ
аҧҲȵ뿪̨ҶҪдⲡ
Ǻǡ
һˬʵЦԡһ㣬ɢܶ࣬һλߴӰӹ¥
ɫצۣ񣬴һӵƮɢǻζ
£

¡
֡
¡ĵڳŵ΢ɲ٣˶кųˣ𾴺ֺ֮ɫ
ãã֪ųǣʵϵȨλ쳯ӣ𶫻ĵ¡
¡΢΢һЦԶֿһ·
׺а
¡
¡
׺а׷״к֮ͬЦݣаɫǿһĨŭûȫɢ
¡΢΢һ
˵ŽĻǸɲ⣬¿ȻոջҪֽһ̸Цףίʵ̫ˡ
Һã
ҺãŽģڶʮ꣬Ȼޱ߷֪꣬жѪա
ǺǣһӣȰΣ¡ЦЦʵ
аߣס
΢΢һЦ׵Ȼ¿ڣĳȻӣҪһѵʱԣҲ졣
аŭȵףҿǲ뿪ˡ
⻰˵˺ܶˣĳͷ­ڴˣб¾á״Ц˿аݵס
Ͽʼˣ̲ǣǺ˼ķͷ𣿡¡Ц
ЦЦԭҰһԿʼơ
аǱذһȺ˴ӵţȥĵط
ģаأҶǳ֣ٱ㡣⣬ƵĽһˣһ˿ɭɱ
ݵسС

Ϣͨ˼񣬶ʱ˼пܾǽǣпܳΪ쳯
֪˭򼧼ҵӣӢ۵Ķӡ˵
ҵӣֲô˵ãþŹˣȷһνԵ
٣ҲһƢ콾ҾüͬŽ壬ڶĴһ
δأŽ岻çײ֮˵ĳ֣ҲöĵһܽţҲ֪ʲô˻ǵĶ֡
ߣǶ˲żüãǲʲôҵʥһأѹˡҽõЦ

ЩڿֺϾ߹ȥ
һҾƾͳ࣬һߺʵôղŸаִˣҪҪڷ
ЦЦ˵ʲôֻҰǰ̨Ŀܶѣһõӣҽϣͨһְɡ
ԭҰһʵѵ־а֣
׾Ц˵Ľɫ򼫶࣬ԭó湦ڰڽ
ԭҰоһ
սύõλѣлҪϻ۰ٱ
аֻǿܵ飬۶ļ֪ΪսȷǿһЩ콾ȴܲм
аǿ붥콾Զ
ԭҰʵսԶа

ˢ
ʱͻȻŰгһǺӣĹ
¥ĹսǴһλӰŮ߳
ɫǹΧһƻõĸоԵ쳣߹
ȫʱ˶ˣ˫һ˿֮ɫ¶һĨȡ
΢΢һЦһھơ
ŹȷüСӳԣҲ֮С
һȻ¡ڹƣѵһȺ˲¶Цݿʼơ
һ̣ɡ


495 һӵ
̵ĳ֣ⳡ˸߳
˾ǰȥףŹഺפԼ֮ʡ
ƺϰĳ棬ӦţųǵһЩʵȨﶼ̸˼䡣
ʱҲչֳλŮӳһ棬һȺ˽ȫ·磬ʵǸĽɫ
׿һۼֹһ䣺СӽȢ㻨Ǯʣˡ
һȺ˾һЦ˹
ʱ޴룬¶֮ɫ
׷ۣ򶨵ôôҲǼҵӣڶĶǼҵӡ
ͷðϸܵĺ飬Ҳȥ˰Ҳ֪ô£ÿμҶоܲڣУ뿪ˡ
ߣ˶أ͵ֻͨѣԽǵӣԽǿ㣬ó㻹첻µزµļ𣿡
׵һü΢һЩ
һǺܺߡش
׼һӵ
Ѹٽ̸У粻ȾӰ㣬Ȼߵǰ¶һĨκ˶Ϊ֮ĶЦݡ
ӡίǺЦ˫ˮƺһ˿⡣
ƽ֧֧ػص
һ֧𣿡̿ľвһЦϲˣǿɰ
𣿡еתͷһס
һﻹľһ㶼顣
Ȼó˫еһĨԹҲһӵôõĻҲܷŹ
ЦȻܰ£ղ費˼һֱ˼㣬Ϊ˻дһʫ
ޱãȻؿס
ЦЦһôʲôʫʰ
΢΢һЦ˵⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡣡
ӶֱˣʫдģСǸԼ̫ɥĲˡ
ӣΪд𣿡Цż
ǣǡӲͷƤ
иƵģҲƣѩ׵֣ʵһ֧裬Ը𣿡
Ը⣡һҧ˵

ٴαû谵𣬼е§ŶĶеһ裬С
׺ԭҰžƣЦеؿ
֣Ϊ˼ֵҸˡԭҰһЦ
̾εСӻûпϣҪǲһѣ滳ɼҪ𡣡
ԭҰЦ
һϡ
麹߻ɫǹŹ֡
Сӣ͵͵˵ϲңҸô찡Ȼ£˼ƣæ
ϲ𣿡
ܡϲɣҲ֪
̾˻޷֣δú󣬼ɵСӿ֮һжȻ
˵ҡ
һŮҪϧ
š
ãȻصͷһĲ֪롣
׺ؿһۣ۽ǵҲԶаɭɵĿ⣬⡣
а
ҰϵĿܶѣؼҲգĲ֪ˣͱ𶫻ˡ

ⳡҹʱǲ½ȥ
аԭҰҲ뿪Ψ׺ͼˣƺҲˣȥϢ
£ҩõ𣿡˺󣬼еʵ
¡ЦЦһɲʶУһ֣ľΪ֮һվһݡ
л硣
Լֵܣͼˡ¡ЦЦһ֡
磬Ҳ˵ˣĶǼҼУҸҲУġ
¡ɫһ
дΪЩҲӦõģҡ¡һЦǻΪһˡ
ʱͺˡ
û㺦ʲô½Ĵ˸磬ĺ㻹л
֧֧ᣬ֪ô˵
׺¡һЦһﻹûпϣҲǿֻˡ
ҺãʿҲȵ

ֵܣǲǽվ׼ȥң¡һƣĿһʵ
Цʲô¶£Ȼ˼ˣҺͼȷȥһˡ
ҷӿһǷ֮أҪСġ¡̾˵
΢Цƽ̶̱ѨҲᴳһңҲʶһĵĶ콾ʲôɡ
񸽺͵ҲҹȻʥ߶Ըǵģʥ£ֵκˡ
¡ˣи̾֡


496 ɱ쳾
ڶһ磬ӭųϼ⣬׺ͼǱ¡ǰҡ
̲ûǰͱ𣬶һŸֻһС֣Ǿóʱڳĺĺ
¶Ҳ֪仰˼ΨΨŵŵ֮Ҳ˵ֻŵСĹǺ
ȥӣ˵ƤʵжԹĽúܣʱסЦ˵
۾һɣ֧Ҳ˵ʲô
ŵСЦ˵Щ˼㿴ҵô
ף
Цһ߳ȥԶȻԼͷҲص뿪ųǡ

˷ɳų֮һ·Уٶƥ
˾ǣǲûʹǫ̂ö֮طУת˲ǧ羪һ㡣
һҹ
䣡
ǧֻڿУ˸Ű쵹âסһأͬʱ档
һ֧֧С߳˴һϸת㻯һӿȵɱ֮Ű
쳾ǧص˼һɱ
һִĽݺᣬÿһǧɳƵĽЩСںһһ
ҵɱ쳾󣡡
оһ
΢΢һЦĿ˸׽͸ͷаǰͲסҪˡ
䣡䣡
棬ʾӰ
аҲвط棬Զһλʥ˫Ĵ磬ྭ
֮⻹ҵһȺ֣ԼжʮˣȫϵĲſⱻྭǼʶһѪȵս
׺ͼ񿴵ǰһĻЦˡ
ǴιΪ˶Ըֵܳộǿǰ
аĿУ˸Թͼޡ
Ц̫Լˣɱ쳾󣬺ǳ֣ҵֻǿǷǶѡ
Ǵͣǧݺᣬֻྭ߶ɱ쳾ȫ߶ʥ߶ɱ
ףҶС֣ܳұʲôŽھʵǰǹƨྭ񷢳¡¡嫵ʥǵ纣
ĿԶྭ¶һĨʧ֮ɫ˫Ĵ磬Ϊֹڴˡ
ƿСҲҿڳԣ˾ţԵ޳ʥһ죬ɾϵ龳磬ֻǰ·΢̤ʯѡ
ô
׺ȻصһЦ쳾ǧɣƾɱ쳾𣿶Ը֮ǰѵûдҵһЩô
акȻһɲͷͻȻʦ֣αϻ߶ɱ
棡
ͫͻȻɳɫ˫ݻ临ӵӡֽ棬ʹٵӡ
䣡
ţȲ˼ˡ
ɱ쳾ͻȻת˷һӾͽаͬԶྭ񶼰У콣
⡭ô£
ΪʲôΪʲôתͷǣۣһ콾𣬽űһضϡ
ӿĽȣȻɱ쳾Ȼܣǽݺᣬ¡¡ֻսż֣ǴۣĿʼɱаˡ
޷Ե֮
ྭɫһƶһ֪˶ٵͬʱʥһɵİԲסаˡ
ྭһλʥߣʵͬСɣƼ󣬷Բǧ֮ڶʼ޾ʥ
ЩǣæʵףҪ̸ɵɱ쳾͵ֵס˵
á
ɫȻ¶һ˿ЦݣգǾöĳһΣһҡ
ྭڴЦСһסң߳һǡ
߲߳ˣ
ЦЦȻһ֡
¡¡
һضɽҡ
ô£
ô£ãǴ׾нע뵽֮Уʦ֣Щ󰡡
ǣһճ֣ԴԴϵע뵽ɱ쳾֮УǴ˲䱩ǧٱ
ͬʱִ˼ںϽɱ쳾֮С
ྭɫʱ䡣
ѵѰʦΪʲôһѡǷΪһ޴Ըһλʥߣԣ
䣡
ԽĿֲһ˺ྭķǧһʣʮ
ٴһˢѪǺɣֻʣྭаͲطˡ
طŵøεѣĪ֣ҲǴа˲Ŷ֣㾡ܶǳ֣ҳȥ
ˣ
ྭŭһƽطȥ
콣£طɫ󺧣һʥ߳ǿס˴ܡ
ֲȻǼʥѾ޽ӽʥҲְֻܼʱ
޾ڣɲǼྭӦ൱
ף
ྭŭԴʥһӴݻʮϣͲϣᱻɱ
ҵĵϵӣĸҶǳ֣ҪǵǶģɲ򣬸ɱǣһǴҡ
׺ͼ񶼲мƲ졣
Цǻ治˽ֵܣֵݺʮ꣬ıûһɱΣб¾ǻֵһžǡ
ҪǴˣĴˣַָ̧һ·ҾԲǡаɫ󺧣С
ɫĮȫ߶䵭ȻΪУԵϾɱĳ
ҺڳΪΪ纣֧һʱܼྭˣҲ֮ܽɱ
䣡
ԽĿֲ
һǧٳĽ£ֱӴ˲طͷϿգȥԶȫѣʥһ
֣鰡Ҫٶҳˣһȫ֧Ըҡط濴ŻĽһӸ׹ˡ
ҿ
۾૵ôû־ôزġ
ֻЦҲྭǷϻԹ˴߶ԴԴ۵ɱ쳾֮С
ԭһɱ˷ɱ
ѾزûҪĴµΣȻҪȥͣҪ⡣
ҡ
ҲҿŽôġ
ˢˢˢ
٣գѾǰʱ֮
أ
طͷʥʼѣƾΰҲ޼£ʥһʱһضϡ

ط淢Ĵž𣬳
ĵһ콾ʹ䡣

аྭߣҲѾǿ֮ĩྭһλʥߣҲ޷Դ⡣
ףúݣྭ쳤ХôҲ벻Լ䵽ǱһСɱ
ȳ֣Թǣ
Цٴһ֣֮С


497 һսľ
䣡
ྭ񱳺󣬸ֳһͷͨѪɫľ޻ǧɣһ
ʼĵڶԪ񣬿ϧûõڶԪһңʶ㲩ǰһĻЦ
ֻЦЦͷϸܵĺ֣ʱķѴΪҲЩԲ
ϾڶԸһλʥߡ
Ҫĥһλʥߵһ׵顣
񣬸Ҽӳ
ã
֣ɫһע뵽ڣ½ɫǣһӽɫ֮С
Ѫ
ͻȻྭзһĽһھѪѪɫ޻ХɽƵĺȻγΪʵʡ
ǧɵסеĹྭѸȥͷʥþȫմһơ
ʦ֣ҪҰߡаɫ䣬æ׷Ϲȥ

ྭһ߿аЦ㻹ǳΪҵĵưɣģҽΪ㱨ġ
ҪҪҲҪҡ
ۣ
һν˸Žаȫûˡ
Һް
ֻʣһͷ­а𣬽ű𣬻Ϊҽ
ྭ񿴵ƤֱŽ̫ˣɱȫգۣʱɱطаѵ治¶ŭ
ྭ㻹ɣ
ͻȻ֮УྭϵƽڽɲǼ侹ȻòྭҪ
Ͷʹģɱ˵ѰʦĲܵ񿴵۾ˣһֹ
ףྭ񿴵׿֮УĿʱһЦһɱ
֮ȭ
ྭǿһͨģٵܣһȭܻһС磬ȫסŸ£˲Ϣɱǧ벽Ԫʿ
ⷽУ޵еġЦޱߵĸ֮ǣǧɳһɫһӾûྭ
䣡
ɱ쳾мսһ
ྭͨȻ࣬Ͼһλʥߣս鼫ḻϾͨͨ
һλʥ߶սǿս顣
ֻͨʩչʼʽѧǰڻͨ󼸺ĵز
һ֮佣纣ǿµĽ⼸նռ䣬նء
෴ྭȴԽԽʥˣͬڶԪҲ׷飬һŹĻ
ףҪҲݣصһǿߣɱңʦ𲻻Źġ
ྭŭһȻǧͨȴһ֮
ǺǣһλʥߣĻ˵̫ΥˡЦЦһ˳
ľΪҶ硣
ྭ׵Ȼı飬жȻһɼֻŵĸоеʲô
Ϸˣ
䣡
ǧ֮Уһץסȥ
󣬴ڲϵıһһڶγɣ޾Ļ緢ྭ˻
ǧĴأ׻

ʱ֮
ǲŵʵҿĸɵһλʥߣСӣڿ԰һ˭Ķ֡
ЦЦڵʵԸһλʥ߻̫ǿ֮ڣ֮ͨҲ޷ྭʵԵɱ
ô˵ھһˣΪɱһλʥߣ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ˣȥҡңԶıƺ뿴͸գ֮Ӵ塣
ߡ
ͷ
˿봫̨ǰҵʱķˡ
һսվǱ˳ȥŽͼҵӣɱаྭ
һЩмʶ˶а⡣
˶֪аֻҷųصĺʥӣྭ䣬ȴ˶ģƬϵĴзڡ
ྭ
صǿߣѾΪʥߣʱձضΪߵǿߡ
ôһλǰ;ƽǿߣȻɱˣһǱʿ
һսľ
˸е˼飬ֱΪȻǼõ̶Ըྭһλʥ䡣
һϢԭ֮ƴ鶫ģྭŽУŽôס֮ͨɱ
ʱ˲ŻȻƺŽ廹һλѰʦһλеѰʦ
һľа
һ֣̾Ϣ
ˣ
ණǿж΢΢һɵĵѾɽҪһŽ塣


498 ֮ͨ·
һ֪Ķڡ
ɽһͨɽֱյз裬о޴ɭھ޺ʱʱһѪս
еѾΪʥ֪ΪûлΣ̾һɽУһ
޾һ嫵Ĺ磬ƵĿ·ɱ
ںܿտֻмյš
ߣ
һ񷣬һλ˶ƾϣŭǿϢ緢
ǰܲϸȥͬ嶼õ۵ģһϵͨǧ֮⣬һͷ͸ƴԽǧɽˮ۳
˴ͨʥſʩչ
ôôƢһº͵һλҲƾճ֡
ţһλ֣Ƕһ߻߻Ϳɵնͨʥߡ
С̫ˣ˵ྭֻҵ֮һɱҵĵӣҵδ档ߡ
һЦ˵磬ǵҲǰ裬ѾԪΪҪΪѵͽʿ⴫ȥҲɡ
ʲô˼߲õؿһۡ
˵飬ǲֵö˾ֻ֪ǵÿһڼĻȨԭͲҪǼϹץסѱܱġ̾
ҵĵܰ
ҵļλӳȥնŽ塣̧ͷ˵
磬Ҫ¶Ŷ˶һ
Ҳóȥ߶һˣһֱѳɴɱֻҿˡ΢΢һЦüĮ·Ļ𶼲ľκβ
ǿġӡС
ˣôˣµʥߵȷʺϳȥһᱻЦҲûȫİա
廹˵̫ɽǼǼӢ۵ĶӣྭǣƼӢ۲ݡ
ߴŭôûܵ˿˺Ŀҵĵӡ
ǽЩҪһץסѱһˣֻ˰
ԣߺҲĬˡ
磬ϣͻƵ龳𣿡
ɡЦЦŵ飬ߵԶĻޡ
λҲͷɢ˻

뵵Ĺâһ
׺ͼӴ̨߳ңԶľ޴ϣЩ㶡
νϣƺѾľͷȻߵ˶ıľͷǰû·
һƬɽа߲֪ɣƾ޷Ƭɽĸ߶ȡ
Ľ֪ұƬɽ棬ǶĵһƬ
ÿһ꣬ÿһն˸ϵĽ֮ͨ·Ⱥɽ棬ҪԽɽҡ
ͨһҲδʵǵɽ˴˴ѾʼεҲ޽Ϊ㹻ȥҡ
˵Ƭɽǳԭʼʱ޳ûǿ徫ޣһħץסضҡ
ˣһȻܶࡣ
ҲйأɽߣһңΪŵӣһЩͨʳܴգϰϷš
㿴𣿡ָԶһȺˣЩ˷ܵЦݣһɸߵصɽ
ôˣֵʵ
ƽ𣿡ЦЦ
ʲôƽû˼ѽˣȻԶʵ֮ͨ·ȴûʲôоͨõĽǷƽӹ
Ӣ۵Ķӣƽӹ
ͨɣĹҰѳţԶ޷Ϊǿʢ塣
ȻһЦӴûп㻹ôˣ䷲ﶼн׼֣֮ѵɡĹһҪЩͨ㴫£ÿһλ𣿡
ף뷨Ҫãҵġ
ʧЦҡҡͷ
ȨƺͲƸҲûзԣֻҾܳ⣬ЩǺȿֺηһЩ򵥵֮һЩͶ˵ͨкηĶʢߵĸԶͨˣһģ֣Щ˵ȫûһ˿ϡ
Ĭˣ۹˸Ų֪Ƿȥ
ܳʢ˥׿ǰһĻȻԼĵĵ·
·ܼԼҲûȫ͸ղһҲֻижû
˵ĻܶԣʵĬһȻ˵
ЦЦһ˿ӵĹâЦȲ˵ô࣬ҲȥҰɡ
ߣͷ


499 մɱ
ӰȺɽһǵһɽããûб߼ʣ󲿷ֱïܵɭָǣʵǳ鷳
ף㲻óѰççȺɽ𣿻ĿʯЦ
ҡͷӰɽΪɵģȻɣͿʯ
ΪģһǺôֱʡ
ţǴŵĻĹңǼӦҲྪ׵Ķɣ
ΪԺ˵ǵȻȻص֮ȥһˣ㿴ʲôɾ
˵ɡ
˵䣬㿪ʼʵǡ
Ȼֱһɳ죬գۼǧɣʱˡ
ž
һɫıӣźХƷԼǧһ
ɫ൱£һĺӰסˣҪǳȥ
ţ
һ
һӣХɫ޴飬಼һЩɫƵסǡ
İУվһɫˣλ߻ӣȫǰ벽Ԫʿ
񵱼ŭȵģ
ҲͽʸʶĸϽȱűٶָˡ
һ
λСѶǶĵĲſҲԸֻ֣ǵĴڶҼүǸвȥɡ
һλ߿ˣΪԸ
׺ͼ΢΢һǺþû飬ȻһСɵʿвǴȥȻҪЦ󷽡
кâһͷ֣ǡ
һȺ˵ɫʱᣬ¶ЦЩӱٳȥˣҲɱˡ
ĿƽȻʵΪܽУɱˣ
˭ҽŲ
һ㱻˴У㽫Σ
ǹӸЦұУ˭£ôҵɽǴʬ޴档
Խͷߴٵʲôǻø·ֻҳ֣
㡣ЦЦ
ЦЦͻȻһĳ嫵ûɴӡֱӽΧļʮȥ
廹ڽͬʱѪǺɣһѪ
ţ
ߵ벽Ԫʿɫ䡣
䣡
ʮʯ֣Ҫֵײɣƾǰ벽ԪҲ޼£޷סĹ
ͨİ벽ԪʿɲĶ֣
ǡǵ˭
ĹӸ类ŵȫһн벽Ԫʿս̫˾ˡ
ѵѵԼߵ壿Ƕĵľ콾
湻µġָһһۣСƵķϵ˹Ӹĵһȥ
ɱôˣ񱻷ϳΪҿô뿪һЦ
׷ɹȥһ¼ļ򣬵٩˰ɣ߰ɡ
š
롭һȡͻȻԶһһ˿ηڴ
˻ͷȥֻһλµһ۾ͿʵΪû̫ķֻлΪ
λ֣ʡȥ𣿡û̫ԶͣˣСʵ
ţʲô𣿡
һ۸Ƶɽɫ¶һ˿֮ɫλ֣Ǿˡ
׺ͼһۣʵǺǣлֱ˵޷
ҵһλǰЩӳУׯЪţãȢΪޣδ򣬲š
ΪõľܾԴ󷽣һŭ֮½δһɱĸɸɾ
ţ
걯ߵ˵ԭί׺ͼԭҲúϸ֪ΪΣͻȻһ˿Σյĸоļ䡣
ôͷѵҪǳ𣿡
΢΢֮ʣ׼Ѱҳڰеĵʱ
ˢ
һīĵֱӸգīƵĵâɢ֮ϢȻ֣ƾճһڷĺڵն
ٶƥ޷
껯һӰٶ׻Ҫ죬ܳԽʱգֱʱŰɱܲա
ȥѼһͷǺɫĵڼͷϡ
ؼʱ򣬼Ҳչֳһλ콾Ӧеʵ
ڸӦΣյʱǵѾתϵͨ뵽УȻԷĵâ̫ңҲʵڿͷ޷£
һУȫǱܵķӦ
ۣ
գһҲնڼֱϣѪ쭡

࣬ɫŭնȥһƬԨ


500 
ˢˢˢ
һӰϢɱڤظеʬһ㣬˿˵
ʮţ
ӳӰΣϵƱǧٱµĵٴնȥ
׸ȥԮȻһֻֻȭͷ
䣡
һŭХɫѪᴩ޾Ѫҡǧɣĸ֮ա

ıŭˣЩ¡
˵ʮڴɱ϶һģʷǿ߶ʮŵǿߴɱʥ¼
ǵİɱ֮£Է꿴ȥֻлΪûһ˿ΣյϢҲо
ôһò˵ɱ֣ȴҪ˼
Ǽ֮֮УһâҪ˼
ɱ
ױŭͨɫѪᴩ񷡣
Щɱһ¶֮ʵû̫ǿóǰɱս
һɣҪȥ򱻷ɱĻǳ
ߣ
ĿһһХȥ
һӰ𣬳˷ȥ
գ˭Ҳ߲ã
״ɽӣİɫ֣۳һɫľ
ͬʱҲ˫ǰݺĳһ챮֣йЩɱϡ
һսЩɱ˵Ķ֡
Ƭ̣ʮɱֱɱĸɸɾŨŨѪζ
ġɫشһƬҳ߳ʬ屻ں棬ɫ䲻ˬ
ͬɫʮſʼˡ
һղĺΣգǱڹؼʱյľ磬һҪҰ
üͷ˵Щɱֺܿ£óϢڹؼʱ򷢶һ˷ʤ
ţʮŵĿֲ֮оɱְɱһλʥ˻ġ˫Ŀ˸ź⡣
ҪӵСĺͽǵİɱֶΣǸڵһʱõ֮̽ɱ
ң
׻һתأɱһսʵʮԸǣµɱ֡
ģ
ŭѱӵ󣿷ģϵӲģ˽ֹκη紵ݶס
ԣײһ
ɱδ֮һǼӢ۵ĶӣʮŻҴ˶
Ӣ۸꣬ŭλڵ֪֮󣬻жôŭ
䣡
׿ǽʥͷϿգͬʱס˳Ÿ߿շȥ
һٶȶ죬ֻŸϽңʮŰɱֶٸҲ͸ҡ
ಡ
Ӱգ۾Ѿʧ

ž

һƬСУһΰӰħܲǿϢƥ
Ӣۺڷ٣̧־ʹһǧɵĴɽ
ʮţǺôĵӣŭС磬Ŀռ䶼ڲһѺۡ
磡
һģӰ֣Ϣͬޱȵǿֻ¶һף뼧Ӣ֮
ʮ̫֪ˣҪȥ𣿡ģӰгͬҲһʥ
㰲ȥһ˶ģݷ̫ˣЩѾˡӢ۰֣дһ˿ɱ
ȥ
ССʮţҵĶӶҰɱûʲôʾǵһЩϼһﻹΪǼҺ۸
ǴҪСһЩʮɲ⡣
ҲС𣿡Ӣ۴ЦģӰҲһЦ
̫û˸ҶԼӢ۳ˣ֪أӢǻ𱬵ӣҲһЩˡ
ۣ
䣡
Ӣһ߳ƬС磬һ
ʮţǲɣҴ۾Ҷ֣ǲ֪

ġ
һ۵Сڡ
Ȯţ̴ӸҸͲƮϵĽֵкͯˣһжôͰꡣ
棬Ȼһһºڷ˳֣
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ӵ͵һ飬һγһޱȵĹ
ĺͯˡɫҲȫײеɱϯʮء
Ƕ˿
Ӿͷһϵһλ׷Ź߳ϵɫ¶֮ɫ
ˡ
վڴıԵش¶һ˿ЦݿһļӢۡ


501 ֮
һΰӰվڴ⣬ƺڰش˵Ϣѹöá
ߣնŤģΧɣɵ粨Ƶҡڡ
ѪӰʮɱŵڼӢվڴ⣬ؿŴ߿սһ޴ޣʵ
ɣޱɱ£γɵģ־һļӳ֣ޣǿս
΢΢һЦ˵û뵽ʮ˽⣬ѪӰɱ
ҶӳֵĴ̿ͣɳȥİɣӢЦЦ
Ѫɫ΢΢һݣԴ󷨺ʵţȻԵǵҲô¡
³çˣֵǸѪ΢Ц
Ȼ㣬ǾˣȥˡӢ۲Ļǽ׳ľ޴ޣ¶һ˿Ϊһ󣬾вң
ʮų֣Ѫɫ䣬úѿ
ʲô𣿡
䣡
Ӣ۴ǰһ죬ؼľۣһֻ޴ޱȵƣֱӳŴѹȥ
һܲһǿ߶еϢĿϯΧǧ
ӢۣҶǳ֣ߣ㣬Ϸȴ㣬Ϸһ롣Ѫȵ
Ӣ۳ţƴƵʥǵأǿһӴСġ
ǼӢۣڶģ˭ŭȻˣбչصʥѣ¶֮ɫ
٣ǼӢ۳ˣȻģģ˭ôɱ񣿡
ˣҪһݡ
ߣӢۣҪһˡ
һʱ䣬Ӣ޵ƵĿչصʥѣͬʱļɵ
겻λԽĿˡ
𣡡
Ͽգٵתͨںɫһŭӭǽɫľ޴ơ
أ
һ˲ѪıޱȾ֡
ԭΪ赲ӢһޱɲǼ飬ǽɫָһɫĻâ
ͣ
ɫĹâߣŦֱӷˡ
Ӣһڡ
Ѫͫ͵һܵĿռ䱻ȫߵĿܶûУȻѪҲԪĸǿߣڼӢǰϰС
Ӣۣ㵱ҪʮΪУҴһֻ龳ɱңҲ뿪򡣡
أ
Ӣû˵ֻһţѪоһ췭ظ֪ʱԽľ֡
ȻӢ۴һİĿռ档
Ǭս磿ɲǼ䴴С磬ӢͨȻֲزѪɫҰף¶֮ɫ
ߵϣûУͬҲûȥ;
˭Ҳ֪ؾڿռһļз֮УȻѪӰͷҲûҳС硣
Ҷӳ֣Ӧ뵽һʰǣʮڶĺ̫ˣЩ֪ߵغˡӢƽ
𣡡
ѪɫǰܣһŭһͷޣƱǧٱһɫĵնӢۡ
أ
ͬһƻѪʩչ˶ͨһƻ׼ȷޱȵĴϡ
ۣ
Ѫ˲ѣѪǺɣһƴʬ޴棬
һλԪĸǿߣȻסӢ۵һƣҪǱ˿ؽ𾪹ǡ
ѪӰҲ̲ס˰ɣӢһ߳ԼؾͻȻоһ΢΢ļµϢһš
Ŀ翴һ޴Ĺ˺գǰ
ǹָɣͨаɫƣյݣ籩ϯ˷Բǧ
Сׯ˲ͬΧǧеľȫߣһ븹С
ѪӰʮɱͷ죬ѪӰɣӢ۸ֶǻ籩ȻֲǰɴԶΡ
ʮǰŭɵ֮лҪһЩӢ˶٣ֽŵ
ù˰ɣ
ѪӰĬƬ̣Ȼڣױȵϣķ·֮һ㡣
Ӣ΢΢һЦǶҶӳ֣𣿡
ɱӣѾˡ
ӢĿһݣΨһĶӣʲô飬Ҷʮŵ𡣡
ߣ
ѪӰߣԹ񣬻û˭вǣ
ô
ӢЦǾ԰ɣҵϳ뿪սҷ㣬Ǽκˣκ
ӢۣȻԵ
˵
ɸߵĹһһգɫĵһɫǰƣĬƬֵ̿ô
ʮ밵ɱҵĶӣҲǲУ̫ҳʥ߽дɱһΣɱһλֵܡӢ΢Ц


502 
Ӣۣú̡ѪӰߣһƬձճɻҽűֱ֮븹С
ҵͽĥĶӣѵѪȾ𣿡ѪӰһЦǿµϢܻء
Ӣ΢΢һЦ˵ûĥܳɳҪ˰ɱ⣬òҪ̫𡣡
Ҫʲô£ʲô£仹û˭ܹ档֮ĵ·ɣ͸һա
룡
Ӣһ֣һռŻ
Ǭս磿ҵͨȻһ֮Գһ磬˵ǼȻʼԴ߶ʵһ֮УǵļȻ
ѪӰ٩٩ԣȻԼҵһЩ˽⣬¡¡ֻ֮ҵһ߻ȻĶ֣ұ㲻׳ˡ
Ӣ΢΢һЦȻ֪ҵĶ֣ͲǿôֻС
ô³çģûҪ׼ŭңʮţЩӽôڹߣ
Ӣ۳̾һ
ȷѪӰ˵ûгʮŵʵ治ܳ˺ɵİɱ֮ȻûãԼȴǿ
ʮżɵֺγɵʮţ
ˣʮźΪ֮ϣҪŭ֮£һһѪԼԹҲá
ѪӰţûʲôӦ
ģұȥһòѡӢ΢΢һЦתһʧ
ɸߵ֮гһշ飬Ҳһȥ

Ӣһŭ֮նѪʱ׺ͼҲѾʵǵɽۡ
վƵɽ֮濴ȥһ𺳵Ļǰ
Уһ˸Ű쵹â񷣬һӦþǻĹҡ
ɺһԼԿ·裬޵ڶ
֪ж೤һͷվɽʩչѰϸع۲졣
ÿֲңнʮΪṩԴԴϵؾ͸ȻѾѱˡ
д
ѱǷǳ顣
𽣶𽣷ȻҲҲûѱֻǽ˽š
ѱʮᲢۡ
ʮҵôͨнȻûдﵽôֲʮҲԿ
ǻĹŴңҵͨʲôزܳѱʮ
붼롣
жôȻܳ˽⣬Ҳ֪һЩ
֮ΪӲ콾ʵҲǽ
еԱߵĽɫ󺣾Ǵޱ޼˵ҲĶСֻһЩˮξͿӵڵͨ
֮ʱԼжôǿ󣬻ܴǳ

ףҷˮΣʵ
ǳҾнʮΪãˮɵء
΢΢һ૵ôǾȻҲнôǼҲء
һ𣬿ЩѾ˽⣬Ҳô
ߣȥҡһӰѾ̤һ쵵Ŷ漲۶ȥ
һЦͬȥײС
ಣ
ԶУʮӰ˱ȵʲô˸ôңǺôӡ
ˢˢˢ
˵䣬ʮӰ䣬ǰ档
һȺΪˣÿһ϶ǿŵı飬ʱ¶ư֮ɫ
ҵĹǲ˻ȥȺպ˽ȥμӿˣǺò˴ξͲˡһλüϣںȵ
һλڰʿȻҲʲôڶҲܳƵһλǿߡ
һҵĵӣȻưĺܡ
۾һɾ뷭΢΢һЦȿ˵ˣֵܲңһҵļһЩ顣
󵨣
ˣ
֪ߵغС
׻δ䣬ʮ˱ŭм˳˱ݺݵؿǡ
Ҳһüͷ˶뿪֪Ρ
ιһشŵŵӱôź𣿶˵ҵĵºͣپòǣǼҵŵǫѷأ


һͻأɫּ࣬ʮǿƵνն


503 
εĽХʮۺһһԲ£ɢɱ
΢΢һЦһӽеĽڰоˣЦλÿɣҲΪѸλ
ӶƵԼǿһУɫ䣬鲻Խ˺󼸲¶һĨ֣ǵ˭ȻҶҲ죿
ΪͷֵǶҲôˣҲǶ֣Щÿ¡
˺ʮɫѿҲ̫˵ˡ
˵ĵ̫ˣҴǵɫѿĲ̫ңս˵ǿᣬѵǶĳĵӣ
ಣ
ʱԶĿУ˷ǼذɫӵŮӣ˿֮¶֮ɫ
ӣôˣ
Ϊ׵ŮӼѩףһͷɫѩϣòȻҲѵõľŮ
żף¶һ˿ЦݣλӴֶãƢôû֣ѵһ𣿡
˲¶֮ɫ
𾪵ŮӶʿ̬ȣȻôĺƣ˿ûƽʱŵӵͽ
˿֪ѵݣʥŮŮ֮һΪҲǿ󣬼ʹŵҲмߵĻȨ
ȻȲЩ״ӣһҲǡ
ʥŮǿ˲֪
ȥɣλСӶǹͣûжɱˣǾ֪ɡЦ
𾪣æ뿪
ڹУǵҲ̫˰ɣóŮӿеһЦ
Žеқܳ
Ŷӣʧˡ΢΢һűȭһ
Ҳһ֪ң
һЦСӾͶŮȤ㳤ôƯ֮ǰʹˡ
Цһס
λڶֳ粨ҲܸȤ
Ž岻սܿ۷İ벽Ԫʿ֮⣬óѰҵһλʥ߶ɱˡ
ЦʥŮŮ֮һҴеĿҲ֪ʥŮ׽֮˵Ȼ˽⡣
ʥŮڱչءѺȻ˵
ô𣿡
΢΢һüͷЩã¹ظӣֹӻû˽ʵ飬ǲҪô˵ˡ
ǺãҪҼƽֱ̡Ե
ѿЦֻʥŮߵСŮȨȥҰɣסʥŮд˵һڣ֮£ҲΪ
Ҳá׵ͷ
ЦЦ̧һӣмͷɺ׷׺ͼһͷɺ׳Զȥ
һ·׽еĻ۵ס
ҷǳһɽ츣رȱȽǣߴǿ֪ʥ
Ѵһ·ȥһߵɽ£ɽ۴һ̫
Ũʵʵؾߣһڣ廯ڵ֮ڡ
һ죬ڽ𽣶¡
ѽ˴΢Цס£ʲôУǿԺȵҵľƣҲԳԾʳ
Цʲô˼
ûʲô˼ʥŮԸģֻʥŮŮһЦƮȻԶȥ
վɽԶȥܿԶҲ̫ûжѰ鿴
СӣǱ𣿻ǾôǣʥŮ޸֮󣬲ǳȥ
ǲڣ˵һпܣֻʥŮĸļ޸ѵƽ̵İǼٵ𣿡
һ꣬˭֪ʣ¶ٰƲ졣
΢΢һЦҡͷƽ̵۹⣬ҲʥŮѡֻǻĹǣһȫʥŮҲΪѡ
Ʋ£һ䣬Ҳ֪ѵ
ߡ׾һЦ
һɽۣûʲôƣ˰Ĵţ
ȥģ˷ɳȥԶһһɽÿһɽ϶о޴ĹңôȥѰҲ
״Цȥʡ
Ӱһסһλɺ׵İŮ΢Цλã֪ʥŮס𣿡
Ů΢΢һûϵȻ·ؿһףʵ㲻ʶң
ҡͷЦֵܸո·ˡ
ҵ𣿡Ůɺϣ۵ǿɰ羫µĴƵģ֮ضһλǵŮ
ţǵġһϵͷ


504 ޿ˡ
׵ŮŷۺɫĽ£ɢȹ̺͸׵Ƿۣ鶯ǿɰʹϻۡ
׺ͼСһƲߵԭҵĵأù˵ҵĵӶǺˣĵĻ
׺ͼ
һЦ˵ҵ˶ǻǾʹǰҪϵ׼С
ģ
Ůһ־ǲҵĳͷ˵ǵ̷ģǳпᡣ
£ν˼ǲɣǾҪԶЩˣҡ
΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
ҹȥɣҪȥһҵˣΪ˵飬ǲڴŶ
ţлáƤЦ˵
Ůһɺ׵ĲӣɺһԶȥ׺ͼæŸȥ
λԺŮ·ǻܿҵˣҼпܻܼ׵ˡ
ιιСﶼƭǲ̫ˣ
ЦЦ˵СɲǷˣＸΪʥˣ㿴ϵĽôǽļµĻ
ҿͷɫǹ۲湻ϸ
׿ˡ

˸Ůһ·Ϸȥһ·Ҳҵĵӡ
ЩӶŮ̬֤ʵ׵Ĳ룬ĵӻĳߣ󶼶Ůмӡ
Сʱ֮
СɺŻٶȣתǿôЩڴǰأҴȥ
ð΢Ц
䣡
ͷ޴Ŀսͻأسڰɽסˡ
鹫Ҫȥ𣿡
ÿһͷս޸ɣͷɫ޻ģɢܣͷս޼ͨʥһս
ÿһͷսҪʮ˲ܲٿأսڷɳһˣŮʱ¶Цݡ
Ŀ⿴׺ͼ񣬵ʱ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
أȥǰˣȥɡŮСһӣֵ
鹫ҵĵ𣿡ЦЦʵ
ŮһüΪͷ憪£ǶҵѣѵҵѶҪ𣿡
ĸң鹫
ιŮһ֣ХƵĴͷ޴սܡ
׺ͼҡڵطɹȥҲս޿һۡ
Ǹղ˵ԴɻĿ⿴ˣƺǺ죬벻ļ
Ů˼ǰʱ˵ɫ͵һݣʱ뵽ǵݡ
ˣ˵ĻŽͼҵѾս޿ܵʿһ
뵽ˣΣȻ鹫ģǱ޹أǰر־ͺáһͷս޿ڣһ
ǣʦ𡣡

ˢ
Ůɺ׷ߣһԾǰſڣ׺ͼ˲˿⡣
߰ɣ
Ůɣ΢΢ƿǰš
߽ȥ
ˢ
ڽ̻Իͣư磬޾ؾζ˸ո̤ȥʱһ˫˫Ŀɨ
ڣʮˡ
ʮμǰ׵ĵӣҲҸк˵ĳϡ
ôˣһλҵĳϾһ¶˼֮ɫ
ģʥ߰ЩҪǶǳ֣Ǿ̾ҲɰСֹ
׷ۣ
صأ˭⶯֣ǵҲͬСɣǼǿĶӡ
壬û¾ˣ˳㿴δС÷ûŮһЦһȺ˲Ŀ˿ᡣ
֡
λŵۣʵﵽԪĳϼǳһ䣬ü۰ȴ˿÷
ǰ׵Ҳˣλĳߣľ콾
΢գڿڣηһƵġ
ʥ
׺ͼ΢΢һݡ
׵֮оȻһʥҶλµĿأԼĿ¡
Ǽͬܿ£һƤεƺĳһ־ͨƤɫ
Ŀƽسǿһۣһ˲ӱޱȣһɾڡ
ߣ
һߣƤε˿з
Ŷôˣʥ΢΢Щá
ʦ壬Žͼҵӡ˹˵۽ǵ⿴ףս⼤
ţ
ʥһȣһ޷׽Ϣһţɢܡ
Ž壿ǿɱʥߵ޿ˡ߷¡¡졣


505 
޿ˡ˵֮΢΢һһսϢ
ǿµȻһţҲ·ܴ˻ģʥϺϵչ¶š
Ǻǡ
Ů֮ΪߵһЦڵֻ𱬵ƢͶˣƢһˡ
ϵڽѵϷʵƢһֱ䣬ǽ龳Ҳ䡣
ҵʥЦֱԲһǰŽ嵨ҿɱҵӣ
׵ȻЦţһ仰û˵ȻԷһ߸ϵʥһԾܶԼɫƽûһ˿η塣
ף˵㰦˵ΪŰ裬ҼɫŮŹԺʵأ㿴ȥʵءŮ濴ףġ
Ц
ɫһڣǶҥԣųʵɿСɾ
ôСգգۣһŵģ
ףȫεǰһߣϢȣһͷޣɢļµ
˭һƲ죬ſڵ
ţɱྭҵʦ֣ȻѾˣǾͱȥˡɫᡣ
ûλԪһ֣Цǰð߶ţ¡
ţ°ɡҳƽһ֡
һϵѵ֮ǽɱʥߣл
΢΢һüͷ֣ңعء
磬ƾҲҽѵңʴŭ纣ʥǰ·ɣһ
˭Ҳҷһ˫лƺٻĳֶ
ˣ
ңԶĵطһƻ֣ʶ
âȻֻһȴЯžʮضĴϢ֮嫵ǵأһܷ֮档

ɫѿǳ˼ֻƵģԶݵ¶һĨ֡
磬Ҵ߶ʴС
ΪβܣֲҪҷ˵һʥ龳ǿҲ޼¡絶ҡ
ãõúܣ
ɫ粻ôҲԳˣͬʱĹҵĵӣܡ
Ȼƾ޷߶ĸصǿ߹֮ͬɱ
Ĺż壬ֳ֮Ϊң
ֹ۵ңκ˶ҷ
ȻѾ䣬һֱڣ̺ܲɲԻء
ǰһսҵϲʧһӣ˴Ӧ޷ɣ
ᣬɢɫĹâѾ벽Ԫ۷徳磬һʥ
ɫ
ȴֽкãðϲˡ
εغǳһ
ŶһЦٶˡ
塢ǼȻңǾǵĿˣ°ɡڰ֣䲻
ǰʥŮ¡׹ֵ
ʥŮڱչκˣǵѾ鲻ʲôת°ɡ
׺ͼ˴˶һۣЩΡ
βҪͨϵɺѣҲûʸвԷ
Ҳ˵أһλʥ߶ǳԲ籾ΪҲɱǡ
ȸǡ׺ͼһ֣Ҫ˳ȥ
壬ɸһսŴɫĳ裬˵ޱȣĿ硣
ʱ㣬ѡط׵ؿתȥ
Сӣ㲻УţŰڰ֣ǲм
ҲˡЦЦ׷ȥ
ɫĮȻŻϲ֮ȻؿʣʥŮ޵ٶɣʥӻûг𣿡
˵һºʥӱأʱǰӭȢʥŮϣɲҪٷڡ
⻰ʲô˼
ң¶˾֪ȻʥӲʥŮĹ¹ӣϣܹӡ
һҵ£ҪҲġ
ϣһаðɡЦ
ǰһսϣӦʡĿ˸˵
˵ɣ
ؿţתȥ

һͱµͤڣЦʵôô̼˴Ŷ
ͤڣŮϲˮ͵ģ¡
΢΢һЦһڲʵʲôݣҿ˶СŶ


506 ǳ
һЦϵĹ˼飬˵²˭
Ц²
汿
ߵ游
׺ͼʱһ
Ƕܲµóݺܲ򵥣ĳһλϵĺӣҲûϵͷȻô
ҵСˣֲô۶Ҳû˸ҶСŮ졣
Ϊ游Ϊа֮ǧ꣬ȼӢۻҪһ֡
ʱ򣬼Ӣۻڼء
Ƕ˶ĳǿ֮һͳǧ꣬ǣʱаֹʼԴǡ
ִ֮ҵƸ¡ǧǰʱϵǿߣһսնɱʥ档
Ѿϵ龳伣ײٹ¶档
Ȼûκ˸һλүӵʵ
а֮дʷ֮С

ǰŮ۾һ
ѽҿ֪ϰֺжĵʱ򣬱үүѵһΡЦ
ʱ¶֮ɫ
үӲǳõĸˣ껹һ֣ߡߵ
˵үүСıն⽴Ц
СܣЦүؿڸôһȥ
֮ѾعĿһȻʵʥŮСùðɣ
ѽǿеʥŮȻҵСãүүһӣҸִƼãСʥŮ
еɻʤΪʥŮҪ޸ңѵδҺҪϲôǴ顣
ʱ¶ŭ֮ɫߵͷĹǿܻ֪үүѾʧˡ
ʲô
ʲô
׺ͼʱ󾪣һվ
ڶĸĹҸ߲㣬Ѿܣǰүүȥһ꣬ع顣
ԡЩ˾뷨ˣؿһ
ѽ
죬ΪޣԭŵӣǧǰΪʳڱգүүһ֣ڶҪƺһүүء
үү֮ʧܣǱûϵȻͻˣΪ龳ʿ
үүʧôãҸ߲㷢˺ܴı䶯Ҹ׵ȨٵСϵͶ졣
أ侲ʵ
Ϊ龳񼸺ϣڲǰСøĳƺţԼʮִҡ
ϾһˣҸ߲ͬ𣿡̲סʵ¹ؼҫǳ˽⡣
κһĹҶûѪԵϵִƣԻĹżԷǳΣգױȨ
ƲСͽҵĵϵӣһѪΪʼڶλǳ塣
ǳ壿ҿ˴ǳ壿񾪽
׶üͷ
ĵʱͿʼ˽һңҲ֪ҵλǴ˵еǳ塣
ҲһּʣȻȲŽ壬Լɲ壬ҲҵƾǳһΪۣꡣ
׽ԴͷʵλǰӦҸ߲λʱὫ֮λǹ壿
šͷ
ΪڲȨĶҳϹϵˣһüͷ
ߣߵֻΪⷢһƬϵǧʢĿʯȻҵ񣬵ƬϵҲϵĴڣһ˳Բ¡
뵽Һ⣬ҪϣҵСü޸ǵʥӣҲԴٽҵĹϵ
Խ˵ԽЩͷΪҵ棬ֻܳҵСã޸һϲˡ
ıɲԼġид̾Ϣ
׺һڲ裬һ˵㸸ǵİɣ

ʧɫʶʵô֪
Ʋ죬˵˵̫йˣҶǱ˽ô˵ģ̫ûϷ츳ˡ
ŭ˵ĶʵСõһҸ룬̫ɺˡ
Сú㸸ףôģ
ҸȰСãҸ׻һЩ߲ʩѹ飬Сþܾˡ
Ϊʲôʵ
̾ҡͷʥŮ¿ĺܳԶȨ¼ܻܿģϴڶ


507 ǿ
Թ񣬲Ǹɻ߻ĹңÿһȨ߸ʱ򶼻ᷢģĦϴ
𽣶СɣǰҲһսǽ沼Զֻ¶Ľ𽣶ѾƼִˡ
Ƽҵ˳Ҳϴ˺ܶˣ˵׶ֻ֪߲˽⡣
𽣶ˣοŵҡ
һĸһЩ˵죬ʱҾͻᷢҵ𶯣ʥŮΪ˼룬ֻܴӦһŻ¡
ڴ棬˿ȥܷ⣬ܶɼ˭ڼʲôɫһǣ֮УôͲԤˡ

㸸ʲô̾Ϣһ䣬Խܼ֣Ҫȳƽ̾һ¡
˵Ľ𽣶죬ǼҲ׸顣
Ĺżڻ棬֣ôؽҪҺҹͬŭĺ
ĹҷѣҲܲס
С뿪ȥ򡣡ԥ˵
׺ͼӿЦ˵ܵĻҲʥŮºƽ뿪ģʵ𣿱˵ˣʥҪҾˣҲѰ·ɡ
Ȼ̬ɥѵСü޸һӲĵģҡ֪ģСϲ͵ġ
ţ
ǰЩʱƽ̰ݷңСúǸˣܼƽ̣¸Σա
׾бҪһˡ
а취Ҽƽ𣿡ʵ
ҡͷҲ֪Ҵȥҵĸװɣа취ƽ̱ɽΧ
á
׵ͷ
׼ȥȻԶһƬҫ۵ĹâҵӷŲƵı顣
ߣ
ɰ¶֮ᷳɫСһɵˣļʦֵܡ
࣡
λǹľ콾
˵䣬˾Ѿɵͤ棬˵
缴ʼɽȥ磬һ˽ܶȥһҵˣҲˡ
һĸߴлɢǿƵһλ˽ܡ
ҲȥһƲ죬ػص
΢΢һüͷĿת˵ȻȲףԼмɫļɫһ˿ɱ⡣
ˣǰԵ
ɽȥ㲻ҪΪˡĿһ¶º͵Цݡ
ؿ˵ˣҲȥҪˡ
ˣǿɲҵĿˣҲǶţαǾһ𡣡
Сӣ˵˭أ˵˭Ƕͣ۾һɾ
ԼһȺ˶ʱ¶֮ɫм˸Цü¶ŨŨɱ
ǼɣõܣһɣżŰ裬Ȼš
ţϰˡ񷴴༥
΢΢һЦеĲ꣬Цȥݼĸװɡ
ãЦŵͷ
һɵĿʱ
Ľ壿Ҳӭ㣬뿪ɣԼ鷳һɿףư
ʱŭȵһɣҵĿ˻ֲָֻţΪøǰװǻơ
һҸ嵨ĹЦ
˵ʲô
һɴŭɭɭؿż񣺡ҿǲ뿪ˡ
̧ͷĿһ˿Ҳ£ÿ
壬ǻŹͷˣ֪Ƕģңûֲѵҡ
һЦһȺͬЦȫ¶ŨŨĵ⡣
ﶯִǣǻ᲻£ЦЦȻתʵ
쿩Цûϵģ˴ܺǲʣֻҪ˾С
ҲЦҾˡ
תֶһ˵ߣҲ㣬ٲߣҰ

䣡
һɫǺ죬ΪҵӺһĨӿһԲŭն
أ
ͤ˲䱬ѡ
һЦһӾԶ˵أվڰ⿴Ϸ
һҲеĸ֣ô֣ĶȥæɣΪġ
һЦ˵İɣЩС㲻СӵĶ֣׵ŮԵ治ǲʶôһͿʼˡ
һ죬²
ͣ
Զͬһڣʮֶ׷𹥻
һԲ½ХȻڲִټһ󣬽׳Χס
Բ½󣡡
һ¶Ц壬Ҿͷɾҵ


508 

ָһһɫҡݿƵĽԲ½ƵһȭӳһȺȫȫѣصɳȥ
һ׵壬һзӡУȫĹͷˣɳȥʮɣ̱ڵƵġ
ʮڶĶԳƵ콾ſһлܡ
¶ȻɫǾȵŴͣ¶ŵɫ
һɵʵټȺӣλͬ˳֮Ϊ࣬Ҳδһн֮ܡ
ǣλŽսȻôߣȻΪʷǿս塣
ɻԼ˵һ仰
ֻ࣬λĵŽˡ
ʱţȻ࣬ҲΪλʵһλһе֡
ڡˡ

ףҴңˣ粻ŹġһɻŹ⣬ȫڼٵȬţϴԹһ˿
Žսʶˡ
ôһսһžǣλĵ콾֪ĳԸĳƽκвƽĮȻؿһɡ
⣡
һ𣬴ؿħƵףȻ뵽жˣԶĵŽ壬̬վǰ
ĽɫûһǧҲа˰ˣģСӺôҲսĺˣȻôСආ֪ˡЦ൱š
һԹ
ϳԾɫЦҴȥݼҵĸװɡ
ã׵ͷ
ˢ
ͷ޴ɺ׷˫һչа׳ȵԶȥ
˸ûá
ˡ
гһһģӰ֡
Ӱʵ壬ǾͶӰʾ˵ľޱȵǿ󣬶ƺĳ
磡
ģӰһ߷ߵغһ
ղŵսѾˣŽҲоҵľ񲨶ģƽͣһ鶼ƽ
磬Ҷˡ
㣬㲻Ķ֣ⲻ㶪ˣΪܱ֮ΪֵһҲˡ
һɶʱ¶Թ֮ɫߵ磬ҪܳҲʥߡ
ء
΢΢һЦһԴ״ĵģȻҵĻ
һɭЦ֣ն
ˣ˵Щȥҵˣʲôʱҡֵ
ǣ
һһ˹صͷҲͷģӰʱʧ


ͷɺ׵ٶ죬ǰ벽ʥȻǣһʥͻữΣʱͲٳΪ˵
׳ɺ׼Խһɽ룬һ֮ӿнɽۡ
ɽƣ洦ɼҩڵϣһƬƬҩרŵʿܺܰ
ɽ۵ľͷһܲ۵СЩûʵĹȣԵúǺᡣ
߰ɣҸڵǡЦ
ߡ
·߽һڣһλݲ裬˽ЦЦɡ
ǰ˹سƺһ
˵º͵˾ĸչ棬ִãȨ
һ֧ǧ˵ִ飬ֻƽ̺֮ȻѾʧֻ꣬ҪչִãȻȨƵ֮һ
ҡ
ҲﵽʥȻֻǰҲͬһ飬ϺɲϢ
ѰǸ֪̣չʵԺֲܿڽ档
Ĺҹ涼ɲ⣬ʥ֪жλд˵е龳ܡ
Ǻǣؾɡչһ֣Ц
лǰ
׺ͼǣ𾴵
ɿɰΪ˵ò裬ԼЦ̸̫ȤˣȥСá
ȥɡչһ֡

ȥչ΢ЦһݵĲ裬ЩҾѧݲ衣
ڲ¶ǣչ²豭ЦЦƻ׮£
ҡ
΢Цҡͷǰˣ˵ֵܣȻκһҲ˵ƻ׮¡
չҡͷЦ֣
š
֪ҵ֣Сõ˼㶮𣿡չ濴ס
ʥŮƽһŭ֮ƻ׮£ʱͬ𽣶Ҳ̾Ϣ


509 ټ
һ񶼰ĹЧһѩΣѩηǳҶС
ȻˣΪλҪչ뵹裬ֿ켱æһ衣
չ͵ؿһۼ񣬵ͷЦǼҵĵӣҽԨԴ
ٺֱЦ
׳ĬƬֱ̣ʵǰùƽ𣿡
ûʲôƽƽһ̫ҺСñҪάҵĺƽһЭ
һֻ̾ǰһζãδ顣
չ΢΢һЦ˵ԭǲͬģֻСòȻ龳ʿȴҲôұҵġ
ҺлΡ
չЦЦʲôΣ
Ȼ²ǰӦ֪һҡͷ˵
չʢһнĻΪܳԶһˡ
ǰˡ
ΣƬһҪСõ⣬ʥͬӵзǳʣһºӣǺӼпܳΪ塣
ţ
׶һ
ʮλ壿ѵʥŮǾ֮壿ʥǾ֮壿

׺ͼʱˣȫ˽ҵͼ
˵ʥŮɫ˫ҲйӵŮˣҵĸ߲ôԸôһŻ£
ѵ˵л
ԭΪ塣
ȻŽ壬Ҳûɲߣʮֻϵλ
ȻһּʣԽ
£Ϊ۾磬пܻὫתΪ壬Ǵ˵еʣҪŽ塣
ب屻÷зʷĳȴʼûгôһλ
嶼١
ԲŹλᣬ뵽ұضŵʮջĺôԸƽһ
Ҵụ́ѵ𣿡Цͬ𾪣ҵҰĵȷܴ
չͿЦҵĸ߲ҲȤ˵Ѫ̳ңҲҵѪȫ죬Ļһλ塣
ЦЩͷõãبٴ壬û˭ܹɹġ
Ǻǣܹ鶼һԣ٣ǸҶ׼ɡչҡͷһЦ˶񼧼ôˣȻɲ塣
׵Խء
Խǵ֪࣬Խ֪Ҫƽ̺ʥŮٴعںǶôѵһ£۵
˵ǼҲô
ϵĹҵĴУôش˭Ǿҽˡ
룬û
ǰѾûתˣ̾Ϣ
չЦΪңΪûǣΪ˶֪޷ֹⳡ£κˣκֹ
ҺҵҫʹУκ˲֡
׺ͼĬ
á
ǰһҼƽ̡̾
û⣬Ҵȥչͷ
߳ͻȻչֺݺһձݺ˺һСڶʱͱ򿪡
־
лǰ
СӣҾͲȥˣһá˵
š
׵ͷɵС
̤ȥ֮󣬼ɫȻչ˵˼仰
ɲǼ䣬չɫ𣬲ŵسȥֻЦЦͷ
չ飬ʱÿϲ

һƬ羰Сڣؾ棬׸ո̤ȥ߱㴫һ̾Ϣʦܻˣ
Уһλ˸ֶĿ࣬ڷ٣ص͸һ۵ȡ
˫Ȼ絶һµ̬
òټۡ
Ȼɱûٺ;ɥΪͻƵļ
һܽΪʥ
ƽʦ֡΢΢һЦӭ˹ȥ
ףͿһףʱ¶֮ɫ޵ʦΪͻƣš
׾ЦƽʦֱΪԵãȴΪ㱼ۡ
΢΢һЦҡͷʲô㣬ǲǲ³ʲôˣ
ЦЦָָɽҰʻֿһɽˮС磬˵ҾӦһλŵŮӡ
ϧ䣬ǵŮ޸Ӧúܷİɣ͹һЦȻ˵
ţҪǿٱһ
ߵĿһֳһλŮӣɫ㣬üһЩơ


510 ϻ
ʥŮ¡
΢΢һЦһݡ
˵λߵŮҵʥŮҲĸϧ䡣
һλǵˣȻòŮ죬Ȼü۽ȴ͸һɳζ
ϧЦһͷŽ֮ЩҲ𣬿ҵŮиˡ
ɬһЦǳĴ
ͷֹۣϧ䣬ǧҪƭСƭ˲ҺÿҪΪҵŮˣٹһЩ꣬ҵˡ
ϧǳЦȻһֿͣ΢Цףһ
óͶΪأҴԼ˽Ҳ֪λŽ壬δ֮󣬶ų˶𾪵Ĺâ
һ·ɳȥпܻ£ǡ
Ů׷ˣҲ޺ˡ
һ̾ǰһĻҸĻ棬Ҳܸܵеһ˿޷ˣͺϧǿߣҲо
ʦܣȻǰӦ֪˰ɣ͸ֶɫϲ
š
׵ͷ˵Щʲôֲ֪οڡ
ЩӣһȥȻɣڶͷ죬Һǳɣ
ЦЦƲϵɱһЩĵӶѡ
ϧҡͷЦǲǶôţһô򶨵ˣһͷһμ
εСӵ̫Ů޸ٲҪ¡
ﻹǺԸİɣϧ͵ֱۣɫ˫¶İ⡣
ʹЦ
׿Уиζ
ʥŮ£ûת𣿡ײĵʵ
ûС
ĿһҲ˵ϣֹⳡԼ
ϵһ֣ϧ䣬˵ˣʦܽҪִƽ𽣶죬ҲŮİ£ðա
ϧĬصͷٶ˵ʲô
ʥŮ£ʦ˵ϣֹⳡԼ𣿾ʲô취һᾡȥԡ
Ͷʱ¶ͷı飬ȵʣϧ䣬ղŲô˵
ϧĬţֻǱ¶һ˿࣬͵Ķһ
ƽʦ֣˵ұ㲻򣬴ʥŮ´֮ʱұشһԼŰ졣
ɫ䣬һɿµգ˫Ŀȵš
Ʋ죬̲ʦӦ֪ҵƢ
㡭
ȫƺȻиˣЦʦܣĲȥðհ
ƽʦˣŵϣ³ΪĽᣬ齫ǷȱԶһԶΪʥ
ױ鵭ȻңȻϣΪβһԣ
ǵط̫Σˣ̾Ϣ
ûϵԸԡɫ
ؿһۣεһ֣ϧ䣬˵ɣ±Ӧǣʦܵġ
ϧһȻһݣ˵ʦ壬Ƿлˡ
ææʥŮҪô˵δǶҵĳΪԼҲ֮С
ϧ̾ϢһĿ뿴Ҫƽֻ֣һ԰쵽

ģɽ
ʲô
һ仰׵
ϧ˵ĵطǹ֮һλڶľڵĻɽ
Ͽȣʬǵɽ֮ͬΪ̫ʹڡ
ʹԶͳǵʱҲǡ
̫ŴĽ˵ͨɽܡ
ǻɽͬ˵׶Զ˽ⲻ̫࣬Ҳ֪ɽһЩ
ããɽݺʮ
ĻԶϨ𣬳ĻأһɽͨȼҲ֪ӺζһֱϨ
ԻɽһͷֵĻ˯ޣǻϢ
ҪĥʿҲѡڻɽԵش
ǱԵش¶Ȳ̫ߣȫĥ洦ɼĻ޻ͨ
ߵʿҲŽɽ޾ܻҲмΣա
ǾɵǿޣһϣʹʥҲԲ

ʥŮ£ɽѵЩǵĻ׺ʵ
š
ϧͷһλҸ׽⣬Ҹײ֪Ҳ֪ʵĪ⣬Ҹ׻ҪǿһЩ
ֱ֪ǵԻɽһʯõԡǣųϻˡ


511 ȥɽ
ϻˣ
һ˺İ˵
ϧ΢΢һЦŵϻԣҸ㷵ػɽʵǿ󣬵ʤҸһڻɽһǧ꣬Ϊͨ쳹ˡ
һ˵ʥŮµ˼ûɽһ棬ֹⳡ£
ϧЦ˻ɽһʵڲ֪˭ҵңҡ
һüͷõʦȥɽϻ˳棬̫ΣˣϾǽ
ϧ࣬ĵѵôҼ޸ң
һͣ˵
һЦȻа취ҾͷˣҼվȥɽϻ˳ɽ
ʦܣ̫ΣգҪ˼
ƽʦַģӲúܣֻȥˣҲȥɽʲôġ
ϧһһͨ׶ƣ˵Ʊϻ͸Ҹ׵ģҸٱǰΨΣգ㽫Ƹңһʲôͼȥϵϻˡ
ã
ƣ΢΢һЦҾͲλ̸˵ˣʥŮ뿪
š
ϧһӣСĳڱ򿪣ЦЦ˽ȥ
֮
ɫϧ䣬ȥɽʦûΣ𣿡
ϻҸ׽ãӦöֻһ·ȴΣգʦܵңֵǳǲݡ
ЦһֻҪǲɳʥߣЩһĵʦܵĶ֣Ƕû̹ʦܵһûƢСսٴΡ
ϧ̾ϣһ˳ɡ
ס֣ܽΣҶΣһὫȳġ
ϧЦЦһۡ

ǰ
߳ƬС磬ױ㿴չͼ
ǰ뿪ңǰɽֱԲ䣬˵
չɫ΢䣬ĬƬ̾ϢִҪȥϻ˳ɽ
š
Сллˡչ֣صľһ
׼ææǰˣˡ
ʲôϻˣǸʲôģʵ
ЦЦ򵥵˵һԵɣ¶˷֮ɫµһȥǻɽһϳ棬ֹ񡣡
ţȥٻأʥŮ´ֻʣһʱ䣬Ǳһϻˡ
չлɽ·;ңԶֵ˶һЩı͸Ƿɡ
ǺǣǰĺˣзķЦžܾһ´ȤǰӦ֪Ѱʦϵıǰ
չЦЦͻȻ
ǣˡ
һһӰͻأĳ֣һɫĳ£˱棬ò
һĺϢޱȵǿ͹졣
׺ͼһͻأֵһλʥΪߣҪﵽʥ硣
ܱǣû¶棬ʥ߶ϮҲȫնɱ
š˵ͷ
չ泤һЦڰбǣҲͷˣֻҪʥ棬ް
ǾͶлǰˡ
ôһλǿĸְбײŲƴǣϾǶģһѿơ

棬һ
£չ浭ʵ
Իʹҵĵݼ
Իͣţǽɡչ΢΢һüͷ漴¶һ˿Ц˽͵ԻĴӣִҲȨҲһλʥ
ǻǰ꣬ûİɣЦ
Сһһ仰ҶˡչҡͷһЦҵĵӦá
չɫݣһ֮һλۣͶ䶼Ŵϣ˲ֱӡ
չʦܣ²ǰ߶ˡһһذӰһλƤεꡣ
ԻʦϡͰչЦЦӲ

ԻʹЦڲ𵶵֮һףλСҲء
ǰ
ǰ
Ͼң׺ͼǣ˵̫Ҳë
ããɡԻͰڰֵ
壬㻹겻ɢԻ¶һĨЦݣ׿


512 Ҫսô
ŻɢɷЦף˫¶Űɱ⡣
չ浱õҵô£Ȼҵĸۡɢɱ⡣
Ի͹һЦΪʦܱŭŵʦֱɱûסɱˡ
ǰô˵δʧʡ
׵ȻһЦ˵ʦһλʥȴ͵ϮֵܣѰɱѵд𣿡
ԻЦЦɫһλСڽѵϷ𣿡
ңǰΪʥҡЦЦ˼ҲԣʥȻﲻʥľѹˣ޻˵
ڵ˰̫ʢˣԴԻҡҡͷ
۾һᣬֹûгƢʥΣ
չ濴΢΢¶֮ɫʵʦֽǰʲô𣿶ʦִҲӦæµǡ
Ȼµš
ԻЦʦֶʦ֮Ҫһϧʦã͸ʦõ
գ
ȻһۣȻ
֣ڻǴǵĶС
գţʥӣ϶ִңһҪԳһ꣬һĿУʵ
Ȼ
ôһȴ޾ڶеķء
Ϊʮǰ̤ԪֻʮȥѾԪ졣
ôһλʥ˵Ҳˡ
ֻҪûʲô⣬ձض̤ʥϵ龳пܴﵽǴ˵еĻɾ
ϧ䣬Ҫ޸ա
˵ϧҪ󼸰꣬ʿм겻ʲôյʣп֮ھͻΪʥ
ҿصǻ塣

Ƿʦ֮ҪݼʥŮ£ǰЩʦԶڼຮ֮Ѱһǧ͵ıҪ͸ʥŮ¡
׺ͼ񵱼Ʋ졣
ǧγɵıǴֱʡ
ϧ仹Ǿ֮壬⴮ϣƽҲ档
յһܻŮӵĸ֡
չɫȻ䲻ȷɣСñչأҪ²ܳء
ȴһҡͷЦҷǰʥŮ³֮͸Ҳ١
չЦ㡣
ЦЦȻĿٿףһɷϢӿȻһȣ壬һս񣿡
䣡
һɿµϢűɫĹâ֣âɢȥƤԽε͸һɹ졣
ˣ
չһŭȣʥϢһӾͽŵϢѹסˡ
ģԿɽһ˿˿˸һȫչ档
ʥ磬ѾԲˡ
Ǻǣʦܺαضŭ𣬲С֮ЦѡԻЦһչʥ
ߣ
չЦ
ǰ
׷΢΢һЦչһͷЦԳСսٴΣƽӲвսȻŵҾͳȫ
ãõúܣ
ЦĿⶢףԻһȭǰ̨Ҫһս
⣿
Ի͵ЩΪˡ
űϾУҪҳ£´Ҳ
ȻףҲ֪սǷʥ֮޶֣ǽĶ֡
Ի͵鱻ſУʱһٴε޷޹ء
Իʦ֣ҿӦһս£ƽ̽Ҫǲأ
չȻһЦ˵Ǿ鷳ҽͰɡ
Իɫһ仰û˵
ǰģ۳ɰܣǣ㡣żæ
ԻͲõؿһţȵССͺαô֮䶷һҪΣ
Уһսžܾ̬Ⱥܼ
ҲͷȻһսҾͳȫǰǴӦɡ
ԻߣչϷʵɫ˵ãʲôʱһսҺչʦܹͬһս
ڰɣױ鵭Ȼ
ţڡضס
ҪǿڶŭѪЩ꣬ҿһʱ֮ɣٲΣչ濴Ի͡
á
ԻͷžͷɳչΧ
ףŲ򵥰аϲӦһּͨ
Ŷҵ˵̫һ飬ͨʵ


513 Ծ
壬ԶʱҲǰ壬Ǵĺ۰һǡ
Ĳ֮أ걻֮ͨҲһãΪֲ֮ͨһ
ҾͿʼͨˣоǿߴ¾һ壬ռ˺ѪҺ
ѪҺֻҪҵľӶһЩѪҺںǿѪӶ
չ滺͵ȫƤε϶˺ܶ꣬ûдﵽɵľ磬һɱ㷵豹棬濴κ״
׺ͼ񶼻Ȼ
СӣͬСɣĪҪ⡣
ǺǡЦЦ
չҲΪģʵʦа𣿡
Ȼһһǰչȴûн֮ԴϾҲǽ𽣶̫һķλ硣
ǰģҿܲյĶ֣һӣһûСһЦ
չЦǰװ׵ˡ


һʱ֮
䣡
ĳһ㳡ڣͻȻɣӹ㳡ص׽͹ԳһƬ½Ǵ½ֱӷգȻݺǧɡ
ô£ô˴̨ҵѾþûôεˡ
Զ̨Ҫ𣿵ʲô£
ô֣ҵӺαضŭһߡ
˾ͿٴˣԭŽҪսҵĵӡ
壡
ҺܶӵĶһ
ĴѾ鶫ģǰøǿɱһλʥߣս˳Ծ
˶ԼʱգԿһս
˶ۿսĳҵ۸ڶսȫǿԼʵŽ壬˶ûƢ
ǣǿһۡ
һɽϣ೤ԣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͬʱһɽϳһӣȫһѪޱǿ󣬲һڶģԳƵǾ콾
ҵӿ㳡һƬ޴͸ӳɸߵİգڿԷ̨ϵĳ
ף
䣡
һɫӰԶѪٶȿ쵽˼£һӾͷɵǧɸߵ̨
˵̨˵һƬС͵Ĵ½һƬƬɽһӦоС
һսԾʥĶԾսеĶܻ𣬵ʮԶա
ϵս֮һҵۼӳֹ㡣
ٳϣѾۼǧˡ
˿žеľźڷ٣ɫѪǧɣֱӴ̴һƬƲ㡣
ֻôһۣ˶һ
ⲻĵ֮һʵȻǿĿԣѾڰ벽Ԫ۷塣
ףǰҸһȫʬŵ𶯾죬һɢȥ
¡¡˱ɫŹȻſ񣬵Ҳſʱ
ұȫ㣡
һº͵ͻȻ𣬽һɫӰһţЩ˻عʱȴȻѾԶս
ÿٶȣ
ȼˣҲ¶ݡ
׵ٶȣͻ˿ռƣѵѧ˼ҵ뼧ҵҲвͬ
һҲдˣѾˡ౳֣¶Ц⡣

ڸ¶ˡף̲סⲻǿ־壬˷ܺͷŭ

һ̾Ϣû˵ʲô
ȥ
Ŵŭ׵пͲмʱŭѪûƬ½ֱӳס
䣡
һֻɫĴƴžȻס
֮£һɽ·ֽƵģ׷׵ɳȥ촷ۣս΢΢
˵ǲôҲƬ½ҵĹҲ˵
ҵĵӰԱȽһʱɥķ֣ԼʵûһС
飡
һֻɫȭͷգסɫĴơ
ֹâ貣һƬƬɽ𣬴طԵĴӰ쳾жԾһ
ʣһ侫ʶҵս
׺Ŷޱȵǿ󣬸ͨʩչأս
ͣ
һɫХն
飡
Ц˫·ɫĥѹ˾
ɫ䣬һȭݺݻ췭ظһ㣬һȭһȭһ˼ʮηӡ
ϴŲпЦ⣬ָţ͵ƿﲻɫʸס

мʶ˾


514 ս
ݣ
ɫ⼤ԲסףһⶼɢϢ
ǿÿһƼʸ֮ЯıŰϢ
һܶ˿ռ䣬ǿ
ŲĵӣһӾͷųǧƾͨڶһдºպ
˶¶֮ɫ
ҵĵӵ˭ôô֮ǰȫû˵ˡ־
ֻ֪ţӦصǿߣⲻΪ棬һЩʦͬǿֻǲԸˡ
ǶǻĹң࣬ҿŽˣ̫ˣôѹһ¡
ԶɽϣȼҲ΢΢¶ɫƺЩŵʵ
¶һ˿ЦݣĹסҲͲΪҵĶˡ

ָһһɫʼ趯
Ծһ׼ĽָͲĽһضγһһĽĻ
Щǧסˡ

һƬƬ½飬ͨײ֮£ҵײɫײǧǳ𺳡
ͣ
ʱױмɫ֣ϸȥŷȫһ޴Ľ⣬ĸ֮

޴Ĵֱ˺ѳһӣֽΪǧ⡣
øĽ
Ҳܶмʶĸ֣ȻʩչʼʽԳԾ
ǽ𽣶ĽǸСɻûôҵĽ
ǣ
һСͻȻ𶯣һǿ֮Ϣ֣мϵĴȻˡ
ûпӦʼϵλΰڴĽ껹дɽʩչһԶһλͷ
޾ĿռĳһռзвһС磬һϵĴڷ̾
ȷǡʼʽŽȻдѵѾ̳˴У
ˣȻѧ׽ôҲ˵սѾѡ
ؾȣûдɵĽʲôǣʱҲнܹеŽ·䣬辪š

ϵĴţ׺֮սҲеĹͷ
Ѫڣһ֣ʼ
壬ĪΪֶֻΣ
䣡
һ֮Ϣϱ
໣
·ٴγһ㣬ããǧɶɫϹ⣬ɫĳ磬ͨɢ⡣
ָһţһ˹ȥ
СɽƵİƺգһؿռ䣬ٴηɳļ⣬֮ǰΪĿֲ
ÿһʸаɴ
ٶ죬Ӷ콵ϵҪ̷һ㣬˵޴Ӱ졣
ÿֲǼʸ̫ˣҸоÿһʸɱһİ벽ԪʿŹȻС
ҲǿҲ֪Ƿܵס
δذɣΪϾҪͼС̨סҡͷΪ׻ѪңΪ̤ǿ֮·̤ʯ
㳡ڵһǣζؿţǾ޴Ʋɵļʸ΢΢ݡ
СӻȫԸҵС׳ջǿҪаǿ̫ˡ
䣡
ɫ䣬ֻѪֱǿܶ࣬һɫĴ
ն
ңңһָ
͡
һ羪κһֱն˹ȥ
ݺᣬסŵйͻȻӰһƾһ˰ΧȦٶȿ쵽˼¡
ŷӦʱѾɱ
䣡
׽ӡʩչµЧ¹㳡ϹսЩҲһ췭ظĸо
ɽӱߵһ㡣
ɽ飡
һƻȥͬʱޱߵѹһǷӡյ̬ͨȫۺһ
Ȼ˰ȭ죬ûôɹ
ʲô
ֻоһɺƵϮһײԼ˵ԴģѪЩѡ
ôܣôܣ
Ŵɫĳ磬˵屻һװͨüĴȴһһ޴ļʸ֡
Ȼ׺ƿ
ֶͷżɱͨڷֶҲһ
ǣӲʯʱ乻赲һеͨ
űװʱһȻɱ
ಣ
һ쵽˼㡣


515 ﲻ
ݣ
޴ļʸӰΣԼٶ׵ؿڣŰϢǵأһƬƬɽ½
ԲɵĿڼѹ״̬Ķѵɽʯϯס
þ޵һ
ƿѵһλͷһģǿ龳ʿֵס
ƿռһɽѣһλǿɫأҵһλ˽ܣδĵһϯ֮ء
ն
䣡
һɾǿѪͷų̫ңΰֱϯս
໣
һͷ޴İɫա
֮ǰĴһһͷԶģϺܣη
˼Ļȴ㣬ͨĴͬǣԽ࣬ұһԶԾ޴ᡣ
Ǹ𽣾ĵУʩչͬʱȣ޾ؾӿڡ
ǣ
巢ʢѪԽĿֲźȻһǧɵľײƿϡ
ۣ
һھѪſ
Ƭ½飬¡¡촫棬ɫ󾪡
ս
׷˿٣һӱǵ׶̫࣬ۺ񣬹;ˡ
𣡡
һХתɾķٵؾٴλָһ׾ҡ
ͻˣȻսͻˣﵽ죡
Ҳ֮һ۾ͿѪʢΪȻֽһС̨ס
ﵽ쾳硣
⡭̫ˣȻһսͻˣŽô𣿡˾
̬ǿ߷߷ߵ
ˢ
սϵףûиκηĻᣬӿȥŵɸӡ
ͣ
ﲻ˵žȻѾû˷֮ףѹŴ
ǿᣬǰ벽Ԫ۷壬Щѣ
ˣҲֲ̫ʱ䡣
ףƲɫǺ죬һХǿ۳һס
飡
ɫĮȻָһһνֱƵŵף屻ɨУֱӱ
ݣ
һƽ⣬ͷֻҪ΢΢Ҫλ֮ӵ
㳡սǧˣסˡ
˶û뵽ôһ֣һλҵľ콾ôˣûС
ⳡս˶һ
Ž壬ʵ͵Ĺ֣ƫƫһС߳ĵӣȴѹûĹ˽ܴ
ɶ񣡡
ҵӶ漴ֶɬЦǣʮжס
۶һսˣ²ˡ
һһмصĿܻԣҵգλΪһսߵǿߣֻɱ塣
Ҳʰ
ֻʣһͷ­ŴѪᡣ
꣬Ŵ֮߳ݺᶫģΪ˽ܡ
ѡһսʽĵһսǧȻֱִܱɱҪܡ
ûʲôòʵģʤ߿ܡһƽͷɫȻؿ
ɱҰɣ˻
ǺǣΪҲңһƽһնŵĲӣֻʣһͷ­ˡ
㡭
ܵν̬ȺĮȻŶȻסˡ
ɱη壬ĸɱԼ
£ֻǿһЦЦЦһͿսһѸʧ

սϣŴ˻Ѫ

Ҽλǿ߰̾ôһλ֮ӾôʧˣҪٻص޵е̬¾ͺˡ
ˣȻ֮սΪû֣
ηҰɣűϾĺĵӣλϹĺ󱲣ҪһɱǺϡ

ףôûɱԼⲻķ񰡣չڣʵ
Ҳʦɱġչ֣¶΢Ц
Ҳ΢΢һЦǰΪҪңѵűվŸֲɣ
ţһλֲķӣòҪûʲôôչ¶֮ɫ
ҵķӣ
ƲƲ죬Ȼ·뵽ʲôǰѵСϵ𣿡
ĶӣͷǵﲻҲﲻ𡣡չͷ
ɫ¶أͷţϼһǻĲõ


516 ǰɽ
磿ǲǵŵǿߣĿһʵ
ߵϼһﻹ˭ɱѪɺӣһλŵĹ𡣡
չͷĶӣٴεӣСӼ簮ҲŽ㲻Ҫɱ֣ͷĻŭġ
׿Цǽˣҽ켸ĵġ
ⲻʲôôɳһ粻˵ʲôҪ̫Ҳɱ䡣
׵ͷһ£Ҳ˽⡣
ŰǰĴӳһλӣŸΪ˶ΪҵʥӣδᵱӰ
ȻλӲ֪Ϊܵʶһλ޷Ůӣ޷ŮҲ飬һеమˡ
ִ治ΪŵһԺŭǲ˴ǿҪɢˡ
ŮΪ˾λӸԸԱɻҡ
Ĵŭһҹ֮ͷǹƥɱš
ȻǼԺʵǿһǿʥʥ磬ڷѾΪصѹ
λλӸѣҪ֮ţӣԺڣҹϴԡ
ʱأΪʥ
һ֮󵱼ŭ漴ɱһѪս
չֳǿƥʵһ֮תսǧ֪ɱ˶ٷ̵ӣǱλʥ
һս𾪡
йҪ֣ҵҲ֣Ĺŵսһ
ͳһ򣬴һУ»Ĺҡ
ؼʱ̣ҡ쳯һվ̬Ÿ֮һս
޴ɧùȫ
ĺһսս»Შǣ֪˶ˡ
ؼʱ򣬱лĹվֹͣսʲôҿ
սûнУҲǣһ֮ͬŴս˾η
ĴΪʹʧİ֮ˣʧأǰЩˡ
ţСӣҲΨһİˡ
ֲչֹɱ֣Ƣߵ˵мҳǼɱĶӣҲ鸴

ȻĶӣξˣͷֵܵȷǲ𡣡һЦҲ˵
ЦЦ
չ΢Цʦܴͷƶ˽ܶȤ˷ǰɽٽ
ǰİɣްġЦ
չͷʵʦܺʱ̣
ڰɡ
ڣչһ
Ц¾ãȥɽҲν䲻⣬û˻뵽ġ
ţǺãȥ׼̨չ΢˼Ƭ̣˵ֻ̨ܴ͵ɽԵشĻɽʮǧ
á
չȥ󣬼һ£ֹģû뵽СĶӣͷȷһˡ
ʵұҲûɱ
Ϊʲô
аֻҲôҪĵӣɱҲ޷ԾǺĵӣҪɱҿڶĴ粽ˣҲãҲΪҺ³çҲ
ϼ޻ļһ


Զʮ֮⡣
һ¿ٵСڣѪᣬ廹ûк£ֻʣһͷ­Եüֲ
ףҲʰ˻
ˢ
һаɵӰ֣һͶӰȻɢܣ纣
ףҵİˣѪ棬Ҳʡ
Ҫ𣿡Ӹ¿ԼĶӣɫûһ˿飬ĮȻΪһ˴ܹŰٶΣмЩսʲôϵ
ֻһ޵еľȻܣȻ裬ֺη
˻𣺡ףҪɱ˽塣
ڲĶ֣ҪɱҪΪʥߡĮ߰ɣҴңȥǿսɣǿսɱǲġ
Ŵ𣺡ףİɣҲָܻģԲá
߰ɣһ̾ӵͷ­ʧ⴦СҲ漴һƬ

·;ңԶʦҪౣء޴Ĵ̨ɢ͵Ĺâչ涣
׺ͼЦЦǰģֵʮҲսСĽġ
̤봫̨漴չͷһӰҲȻ˽ȥ
䣡
漴̨תɲǼʧ
չĿ䣬̾Ϣһܷɹڴһˡ


517 ǳ
ңһƵɽϣ˶֮ɫվǰ棬ֶꡣ
ͷɣһֳʣͶȴһִϣ֮ӡ
ʦ֣ݿɿϢͼСѾ뿪ءһλӹ
֪ȥ𣿡
֪Ҫ鿴̨͵ĵطüʱ䣬Ͼչĵ̣˺Ѳ鿴
Ӧܲ³ȥˣһЦ¶յı顣
ʦ֪
һЦ˵չ̫Сҵʦˣʦ֪һɽĹϵ
ɽǼ˵סˣ¶֮ɫôܣôйϵ
ҡͷһʦ֪ʦ˵Ҫֹȥɽȱ
·ɱǣ˷ݣ¶ݶ֮ɫ
ǳֲʣȥ֪ͨǳˣڶĴУɱ˲طǳǲݵġ
ã
һȺ˵ͷԾ뿪ˡ
౳˫֣ĿգһЦŽ壬ҵϣܳɹΪҲϣһλļһﰡ

ˢ
ʱһ̨ͻȻڻɽԵУ׺ͼ˳漴ǸоһڶƮ
Ǳڤڤ֮һɲɿܵӿק̵ĵϡ
ȻܷС
лǰԮ֣ЩӾǰˡ׳һ֣Ц˵
ֻһƮǻӦˡ

ʱһϯ¶ߣ˴һʱͻճɻҽ
ԶһƬ֮ɫֱܴʣ硣
ȻʮǧȴȻܿúǻɽȷֲޱȣӵصֱɢ
׻ܣνǧ涼ˣûκֲ
ɽγɵ𣿡ͻȻ뵽ϼ񻰴˵
Ǹ˵йν˾֪μĻɽҲȽϣ̫ˣʮ򾡽ǻɽǾӸȥƱġ
ҡͷ˵硣ѧҺǻĹҵóĽǣγɵġ
ǾΪˡ
һݣжôܴͨһÿʱ䣬ҪȻĹһҪԶ
̫ʱϵļԪ֮ǰ飬ǲǿǵġʼ磬һЦ߰ɣȥɽơ
ߣ
׺ͼٶƥȻܷУ磬ʮǧľ벻̫
ף
˱һͻȻԶгһ̨ȻһȺ¹Ƶıקϡ
ˡ׺ͼ΢΢һɫдŽ䱸
ʱͻȻڻɽˣпܾǵˡ
һȺӿнΪ׵һλϳɳصˣܱ㿴׺ͼ
Ⱥ˶΢΢һҲû뵽ڻɽİˣֻʱԶûС
ߣӲǵĵˣǼ·׾εǿ󣬲ûдϸоκε⡣
ƹǼ·䲻ͷ˽סλСѣǶĵʿô
𣿡
׺ͼͣ½Ųʵ
ЦϢ̺ޱǿȻûдﵽԪҲ಻Զˡ
ԣһλ벽Ԫ۷ʿ
Ҳ׺ͼӴʥˣʵ۹ǣ벽ԪʿҲԿǿߡ
Ͼס֮Ӳֻ࣬м˶ѡ
ǺǣλСιۻɽôǻǲҪߵ̫ˣ¶ȹߣˡ
΢΢һЦлѸ֪Իעġ
һѣһȺüëһԵúǲ
˵Ǻܺ˵һЦǺãԼעУǰлûмɲҪǿ
л
׺ͼȭһЦʧ
壬̫ˣôҲҪΪʥˣǾȻôûò˲
˰ȵ죬˾ǶĵʵǲҶ͸
һ٣ֺȵ߰ɣҲȥǶҪһЩڻɽ˱ʣ˵ңǿˣҲȲǡ
ģҵ֪ġ

䣡
һʱ֮׺ͼ⵽ϮԭȵնȻҹǳ׹ˡ
ǳǳˡЦһȵɢֺݺһȭӳֱƵһͨ
ǳ䣬ٴλصʵ硣


518 ʥ
ߣ
䣡
ʮ纣ǿӰ˰ΧһϢޱǿ¶ʥ
С֣ڳˡһЦͷϸһ⼣߰ߵͭȴɢʥ
ͬʱʮˣȫǳľӣһʥߣȴҲǳֲ
ǳʥ֮Լûɳʥ߾ѻˣǰ֧Ȼһʥ߻Ҫ¡
ͷ֮ͭ⣬ЦʥһɹɿµĲ
ģԸֵǻǷˡЦкâӿ֣Ҳɱ
ɫϵ缦Ƥģ׼ЦС֣ԸˣҪ˻治ա
׻ܣֻһƬƬȴʲô󷨣ͨ˸
ǳҲ֪ó󷨣סǡ
ǾóԶֵˣ׿ڣɫĮȻȻˣͱٴɱˡ
С֣ûʲôʹãͷʥ𡣡Ц
һȺ˴ǰ벽ԪмѾ޽ӽʥ΢΢ʹʥ
Ҳ޹ǳ޿֣һϣȫɱһʥߡ

Զ֮⣬һȺվɽţǰһ⣬˸ӳ֮ĳ
ˡٿȻһ
ǡ
һȺҲסˣһȺ벽ԪʿΧסˣмʥˡ
ǶĵĴɣǳ֪ǳ˾ôˡ
һǵɣǳ׷ɱˣСˡЦ
ϸϸ˼һҪʱ򣬾ˡ
ǣΪʲô˲⡣
ͷɣдܽԵףһҲˡ̾Ϣ
ôһȺڹۿʱǱߵսѾʼ
ɱ
ǳĸҲԸҹζ࣬벽ԪʿվߣӴһӳֵõͭϡ
ͷһǳתҫԼɢơ
ÿһǳΪṩźľ
ǳ飡
ǳһǿһſǳԼıǳ
ԽǿʿǳԽǿ£ܴҲԽĿֲ
ǳһХͿʮǳıԴ
䣡
ͭԭƷʥ벽Ԫʿִ߶ʱһŨʥǵء
ɲǼ䣬õͭɢҫɵĹâÿһߣܶգͲ졣
ʱȴ¶Цݡ
ˣ
һ߰ĽͻȻǧһɻɬءͬʱ͸ɱ֮ãã֮С
һǧɵ͸纣µϣôشױ֣ѹһɧ
ʥ
һľõͭʼҵĲȻҲǳľ塣
ҲһļУʥôܣдʥҲܴ߶ġ
ԣʥȫˣʥѹ˴һƽܱա
еķĽ飬صﲻƬ̼䣬ǳõĽƾȫ
ǧɵĴʥУһĻâܺ䣬һ̫ûɡ
̫
̲סһȵҿ԰̫һɽ֮ˣ
̫⻹ǵڵĴʥڶʯϱ任ľ
Щ̫һֱţʼմ̫һ壬Ϊ𽣶ǿʥ֮һ
̫Ҳ类ѱǿʥǰ˽˱
𽣶Ҳֻɼ̫ΪʥҲ̺˰һʶ
ƵʥɢǿͭҵĲţͻȻ죬ֱƿնȥ
ಣ
µʥҲƣ׷ȥ
ǳһȺңŷ׷ʥ϶¶ɫ
Ǽ벽ԪʿдţɶŽôЯʥ⻹𣿳ʥ߳˭ɱ
̫ţղ㲻ĺˬģΧɱֵˣǻ˰ɣ
ЦдʥЩ߹ʲô
䣡
ţЦȻֹ
ǺƵʥ羵ˮ£ͻȻʧǧɵĴʥҲʧ
ʥɢ


519 ս
ɫ䣬뵽ʲôɶ񣬿ɶСְǲĴʥֻϵǿͨʥӡ֮С

׵˵
ȻЯ̫̫һĻʯҲǽ𽣶ǿ֮һ
ΪɻΪԼһĶֵأ׶Ὣ̫ĵģ̫Σա
ղǸǧɵȷֻһӡѣǰ̫ȫĳͨӡ֮УȻ޴εʹãֻ֧ʮϢʱ䡣
ңȻȥܴܺʵŻ˵ģղǽƶ͵͵Ѱƿ
˵ףһƾӡֻŻˣóŻʥ̫á
ǼʥŵԶݳȥѾ˵ĿƣֻѾǳ
ôڣ
׺ͼĵˣҲȺ벽Ԫʿˡ
¶Цݣû뵽Ȼˣһӡҵеʥ뿪
û취Щʥһ㣬̫ɵ΢Ц
ؿûʥΣҲ
䣡
ͬʮˣȻ֡
ЦȣӭԼ벽ԪʿҲһЦ֣ͬһ־Ǽҵľѧ
쿴ǳĸִսһˡԶɽϣ˾
ɫأĿ˸ƺʱҪ֡
ţһĻĳˡ
һɫĴ֣֮գĽֱնһˡ
ۣ
һ벽Ԫʿճ֣㱻һ룬ѪǺɣɲǼ
䣡
ŭ˲֣һ˸ǳ֦ڶ˺һؿס
ǳǿ̺ŹŹֵһУ˲ͻķѡ
׻һӰƳȥɣȻһ죬ǵ鵽ϣøɶҡΣһ޴ĿӶγɡ
С֣Ӳ
ȻѪʢֻһܽʥһХ˫ɳʮ
ǿµᴩ񷣬һŴ
ͬʱ˴ϮɱϢˡ
𣡡
״˿̣չֳһλ콾ӦеķɺսһХ𶯾졣
ޱ޼ʵѪ񷣬һĳɴСľƣֱӸ
ͬʱһննϮˡ
Χʿһߣ˼նͬһƻķɳĵ˽⡣
飡
ͷǳתһ˷ӡٴɱ
Ȼ壬ͨͬʱһһʮľʯ˼ˡ
С֣ҿ㻹ŶãЦſһƥԼԿǳΧƣһϢܳ֡
ǹһն
ǵƥɢµܣѹÿռ䶼ʼŤֱס
ͬʱҳ֣һӭͷ
ն
׳ХһĽ˻ģ˵Ľð֮һȺ˶ս¶֮ɫ
໣
һ޴֣ȫɽֱ˺ǹһնΧߣסй
ȻҲһûϵ׵սֲزȻֵһ
սֱ쵽㡣
ģ
ĽѪʻȥʩչ̫ǿһӾת˾ܵصˡ
ˣ죡
꣬ȻûдﵽԪս鼫ḻؿ׵ĽŲһģʱ¶񶾵Цݡ
䣡
ͬڣһһɱ·ϯһ
飡
׵ɳȥѪȾأֵһǹһնУͷ塣
ǹؼʱʩչӡɲǼ˴󲿷ֹղһǡ
ף
УҪȥԮȴҲ˲סЩҲ˲ˡ
ңһŵס
׻³һѪ飬ͬʱֺƳȥܿһ
ģ
аͬʱӦ벽Ԫ۷ʿȷǿսǼ䱦ģҪΪͱҪһпս
䣡
ʩչӡ˼ɱУͬʱ裬̲塣
䣡
һӴԭʧųǿĽٿȻŨһߴСᴩ˵塣
飡
Ű˺벽ԪʿһƬѪ


520 
ž
һϣϸɵ벽ԪʿͬʱɱҲѾɱ
ʩչӡƳȥɣɱȫѣһѪѪ顣
С֣ȻǿʱɱôˡһȺΧ˹ϳ֡
ս񣬸ͨԡѪתʮõݣϯ¡
أ
գٴ͵ϮɹһȭһˣͬʱǹһնҲ۰
Сӣ㣡
ӰһʩչʧһɫĴƾճ֣ѹˡ
֮飬Ҳҷ
ЦʮᴩմӡͬʱҲУɳȥѪ
С֣ҿǽ컹ʲô취ʣµʮΧ˹һſǳͷתָһ
ͻȻЦЦһصĴ󹭳УһɻɬѹصϢ
ǡ
ǳĵλ磬ߣ󹭺ʱ¶ı顣
ѾܾûʹñǹˣԭֻǾһֱʵϰ
ΣҲ˲ôࡣ
ɱɱ
Уȹһµߣǵض
Ҳһ֣ʮĵ棬ǿֲϢգһβƺһµ󷨡
䣡
ûԥȼѪǴ󹭷˵죬ٿȻаɴһʸ˳ȥ
һĹšǿϢ
䣡
޼᲻ݣֱ˺һܲᴩһ벽Ԫʿ
أ
ʱķѡ
񣬼ӳ
һŴ裬ͬʱ
Ҳ֪Σɫһᴩ׵ڡ
ҲʼȼѪΪṩŴ
أ
һ˺˿ռ䣬ڿлһѺۣٴιᴩһ˵塣
⡭⵽ʲôǾȻ޷赲̫ˣ
һɱһˣɱĻǰ벽ԪʿǳһȺȫˣ¶ֻ֮ɫ
ҲҪ£Сûôӻģһ֣

ʣʮȫɫ䣬һſǳɿת䣬һܲ͸ϣ֮
һ֡
䣡
ʮǹһն
أأ
˳ȥڰһҡڣȼѪҲ찾סˡ
ʸйٴδʿ
ս˵ǼĶ֣ڶ̶һʱڣɱʮˡ
ʮλ벽Ԫʿ

ɽϣȺսףҵĵӣѾˡ
ôܣôôǿʿɱ벽ԪʿôܣĿɿڴ¶ޱ֮ɫ
Ҳɫأǿǹܳ콾ķɣĵ˽ܡ
ףڼҵĵȫĬȻһ仰˵
Ƕһս̫λˣЩʵײ죬Ҳֻѡ
Ȼôˣɱʮλ벽Ԫʿ
콾𣿡һλ૵
ǵģ콾˶ľ콾ͬ𾪣ԭִȵ뷨Ҳûˡ
ȻǾ콾ȻԸ˲֮ս
ҲóȻһʱֲȥӣʵк֣ǵɫż
ɶ񰡣
УôΧŹСȻöԷɱôˡ
ǿմ𣡡
𣬶˾С
ͷǳɳŻǧɴСֱΧ׺ͼ
ʣļͬͷǳ˳ȥʮǳһɱסˡ
һſǳϣȫ֯һ񷶼Ҫɢޱȿµܡ
ݣرѡ
ֿµֱһʥ߶Ҫ
𣡡
𣡡
׺ͼһۣͻȻ볤Х屩ǣȫ˼ʮɸߵľˡ
ݣ̫žһ㡣
ţһҩɲݲҪǮɫⶼǧĲҩһҪӻ١
ǳǼˡ
ӡ
һӡʱǵѪʢѾָѵ״̬
췭ظɽţ
һӡȥ֮ȫһƬƬϡ
µײ˰֮⣬ɿµһȦȦ޴ֱӴݻ˸ǧɵĵ棬ͬնˡ


521 ȫ
¡¡
мʮɵľ޺ͬʱȭһȭһȭȵս˵ͳԾطĩһ㡣
ǹ׺ͼͷһ͵Ĺâڻǵ
ǺӴ񣡡
棬УһΪĿֲһмʮɴ֣ǧɳһҪǷ顣

໣
һգײµɱ
ĶײһӰ֮⡣
˸ܵһױȵϮɫ䣬ȵˣ
ˢ
Ⱥףڼҵĵӣȫ˼ʮδ໥ӣжвزסľͿ־塣

⣡
ͨɫǿѪ죬˫źݺݲڵϣڵһ㵯С
ˢ
һʸȥ

棬һ˱ͨ͸
޷ڿм̫ã޷Уٴ䵽ʱ򣬸ΪֲϮ
СӣֻɱˣסǵĹ
Хϳҩӿֳһ޵ɫĹâǡ
һİɫ챮֡
ǼΪֲ֮ͨһ˰챮žһսʱù
ɫʯŴڿһȦסһ
ʯҲǧٿףѡ
ۣģһҡΣҪֲס
׳յʩչɱ֣ٴɱˣǳȺɱȫֻˡ
ˣ
⣬ȥǳ綼ҪɱСֵʵлҪǿŽ壬нһʸ޷赲
ˢˢˢ
һȺٶȺܿ죬գۼ˳ǧ֮⡣
׺ͼ¶Ц⣬ȭ˴һХ׷˹ȥ
ģ˾ˣ߾ߣ浱Ǻ۸𣿡ͻֱ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ΪҵĴս˼þȫڰʱٴαе߰ˣתսǧֻʣһ
ȡȣ赹ܰôˣ³һ࣬ɫ԰Ѫۿ
Ҳ࣬ƼأǺ壬Ѿ߶ˡ
Ž廹ɲ壬Ӳܿ죬ڸղŵȺŹ֮¡

ͷɢС֣û뵽Ҳػ۾ȻǵУʰ
ŭӿֳŰϢֱԱͷǳȫ䵽ڡ
ǳҲԶܽΪʥ
ɱ
õĿᣬֱɱ˹
ģҲɱ
һѪҿʼΧ
һսñ֮ǰҪѣһҷ˱Դǳʵʮֹ
ˢ
һֱִӳ׵壬õɳȥͬһմӡҲϡ
ѪϵЦּ͸˼Ҽ硣
˵Ѫսпᣬֱʱ֮׺ͼúĲҩΪӲľ
ʰ
ģˣ̫ҪԱ׼˺ǧɡ
վĵطֱӻһƬ磬γһ޴ĿӶǿµŰǾˡ

䣡
˺ʱ򣬼ͻȻ飬һХȫۿɼٶȻָš
ڷӰﲻ죬һɺϢ緢š
׶Щ⣬û뵽սʱСӾȻͻˣһٳΪ죬벽Ԫֽһ
ࡣ治ȻˡڵϣϵشŴأҪˡ
ЦǣҲ˭ŰɣʮҾͻʥ
ˣΪһҪˡ
ʱ֮
䣡
һɽɫѪֱХȻһվȫƾԿ
ɫѪȫ˿ǽɫģһս
ģôоĶֹ֡ţӰһʧˣٳʱѾһɾ·
ͬһ·׵׳ڷ٣μһһơ
İѣⱲӱ볬Խҡ״Ц൱ĺá

ˡ

սˣתսǧڱǳȫʿнʮ˰ôȫˡ
һɽͷϣףҵĵȫпš
Щӣɫ԰ףɫһ˿
ԭΪԼսܲͬӴһϯ֮أȻ׺ͼսľһĻˡ
ľ콾һƬǿ£Īı
߰ɣҪҪλ콾ɫһ


522 ۺ
ಣ
һͨȼŻķ̺Զ׺ͼ񵱼һ㶡
ڽԵش˿ԲٿطŹ׶ȥȴ΢΢һüͷ
ȻȺݵʿ
λߡ˸еͬʱһǻ̺һȺ£̺һü֮С
¶һ˿Цݣ⵹һȺ˼ˣʵ˵ǿ󣬵ƺóϵͨڻɽԵشǵʵҪǿ١
Ŷּλ֣𣿡Цʵ
ٴԵúܿЦףڶλѣðһ䣬λȥ𣿡
ףڶףң
Ŀһʵݵףң۵ĺˣ
ףڶЦЦֺȺ϶Գȵɫüһ˿֮ɫ
Ҳ޹ֺףڶɫʵǵ̫˵ã۵۰ʱ۶û
ףңмΪϡ
ഫ̫ʱף˻ģʼԴ΢ʮ꣬һá
̫ʱͳǴۣףڱ֮һĳۣʵЩ֮£ҸΪĹϣΪء
̫ʧ٣ԷչʼԴǸǱԶռֱʱ𣬸ۺճ֮ϣΪǵס
ô˵۵ǵ˽죬ҲȻ
ֻʼԴϵףϼңȴЩΣȻŹ̫ţԶţһֱе죬ûгΪĹҡ
Զֻ֣η۵磬ʱԶǿƣˡ
ףΪûгΪǿ󶼴ǳֻһã˼Ŵǳͨ
ڳŵͨȴѧᡣ
Ͼǳ۵ѪǸһֱġ
ԭףҵļλ֣ˡЦЦ˵
ֿˡףڶ΢΢һЦȭʵλָմ
ҽףҵֵܼ񡣡
ףڶĥƬ̣һ¶Ȼ;ȵɫԾֲࣺǵ˽ܣԭǵŽͼӣʧˡ
ףڶһȺˣҲȻȻ
޹ֺ˵սǿᣬ¾˶ʮǳʿԭֳޱ߷粨Ž塣
ĴڹǺѾ˵ʱǿ콾֮һпʶλ
˵ɱһҲ˵׵ֱ֮˽֪ĵز
ǺǣֿЦףΰϣףҵĵʱֻƺǺ֡
ֵܣֵܣҲǰ𣿡ףڶʵ
һЦЦôֶȥҲȤ𣿡
ףڶЦЦֵ⵹ǣֻǰȥΣأһ飬֪λܷɡ
˵
ǿɷһͬǰУ˴˼Ҳ໥ϾɽףһϤҲĵͼ
Ŷ
ĿһǾȻлɽĵͼţˣҲ֣ʼԴǣȻ˴
ɽһˣ˵ͼϰϵͨԻҲΪСףڶ˵
֪ףҵͨͬСɣҪķѺĻԿʯѵȥڿ󡣡
̸ڿֻѰһЩףڶЦ
׺ͼЦˣ΢ԥƬ̱˵ǺðɣȻʢԼֵԵӡ
лλ֡ףڶϲλ콾ЭЩػĻ޾Ͳʲôˡ
ҲŶĿһȻ
˵
ЦЦ˵ҵ֮Ҫһ롣
һ룿
ףڶһ˵֪жôҲ̫̰ˡ
˵ʸ񡣡ףڶɫ䣬ݺŭ⣬ĵŹˣʲô˶Һ
ŽƲһԲϾҪɱˣǳЩɱ־ӣûһˡ
ԡףڶѵĵӣмŵʧϴӦ
һύͼӣһ·ô
Ȼ֪Ҳкܴİ
һ𽣾֮ҪŻ𽣷ʱͱдĻԿʯſԡ
ԭ飬ûϵףϼҵԶš
ΪƺԳһƬգ׿Ѱеɱ֮ԵУѰҿʯˡ
ļýףȺרҵ֡


523 
ֵףʱˣҲѰϻˣֻǽ̫ˣҪ̸ס
ףȺӣп֮ϲ
ףڶüķɳһʮɵĻ̺һ֮Զʧк׺ͼ
Ǻǣ̺ǼһλǰɵģΪߣѾѪ̺Ҳ̺һ˿ϢѹףڶЦ˵
Ͼǳ۵ӣм˸Ҳ
ףڵ̫ˣԶ嶼ҪӣʹڰʱڣףҲల£ûǰȥš
ʱףҿһݵĶټ廹Ƿףһ顣
оǿߣûСӶѰճһ·߸Ϊۣݵ塣
Ҳ֪궫Ѱѣףһʮꡣ
ݶ飬ټͻ
ȻףֻһĴɣжҳҲһ

һȺ̤ϻ̺ףڶķ߶ʱɵУŽķɳ۶ȥ
̺ϡ
ףҵϵضʵִ磬ֻһʮе㲻š
Цţ̤е磬ʮˡ
ףһȺԣ˵һ£׿ڳһ֪˵еŽֻôʱ䣬Щٴα𺳡

˼֮⣬ͬףڶг̾š
֣֪ڿ𣿡׺Ȼ⣬ĵʵ
ףڶ΢΢һٿ˵̬ʱ󾪡
ѵҪѰҽ⵨Ҳ̫˰ɣҲֻѰѣ򽻵
Ƭ̣ʵ˵ɽڵȷ飬٣ܾڽѰ˸Ҳ
š
׵ͷʼˡ
ɽǸôѰϻأΪ߲ʥҪɵ
ֵܣˡҶ죬ǴеĿΪѰҽô
Ц˵
ǾѰˣɽٳûΧɽֻлޣҪѡ
׵ͷЦлָ֪Ի취
˵䣬·һš
һĻĻ𺳵ĻǰһǧɵĴɽ˷ȫܴţȵ¶һϢĸо
ϽɫâһȵĸоʧˣͬˣȻ£Եشǻŵס
ףҵĵӣǷǳϲȫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ھؼĻԪأΪڽڽÿһ˵ʵһ
Ǻõطڴ˵УгһҲһǡ̰źţϣڽһӡ
ɽ⴦һ涨Զһ£һ֮뿪Ըףڶ͵
׺ͼͷʾ֪
һ㣬չҲ˵
ԣɽƺ԰ȫֻҪóһûΣա
ǰҲֻһ֮ڡ
ǰһλϵͨʥΪѾͨ񣬱ɽͻƵ龳
Ȼֻһ£һ֮һֻӴĻƴֱ̽˺

֣ȥѰ֮ٷֵɡЦ
ףڶͷһЦ΢˼Ƭóһ˵ֵܣףҵִǰƾӦް
ǾͶлˡҲȵĺ
ףڶЦЦһǰһͼͼƵĺϸ˽ÿһɽ
мʮλڽĴɽۣ˸ŵĻ⡣
ǾԲȥĵطǿߣҲôףڶָЩɽ˵
ţ׺ͼԵɨһͼѾȻأҲ֪ףڶΪ֮Ҫύǡ
ô˵˽ĵͼҲࡣ
߰ɶ֣ȥѰЦ
á
ףڶյͼıʾԼףҵĹŹͨһȷǰһɽ档
䣡
һȺˣԡڻ֮С
貣˴𣬼ɫâһߵĻɢ֮⡣
ֻţ¶֧һҲ޷ֻǽл޳ûҪСġ״
һЦлޣҲñӴչȭһ
㰡ҿѻ졣ЦЦһ䣬ŲԶƾճֵļͷߴʮɵĻޣ˰ۡ


524 ޳
ããܶ޾Ļ棬ҷ粻ֹһִĻңȵ¶ľ
ףڶԡڻУȻ˿£·ûлΪҽ
׺ͼţס
𣡡
ʮɿ⣬һ۳ͷԼʮߵĻޣΣɢȵ
ǻޣ
ףڶɫ䣬ҲǻɽɵģȴûпǣԺǿṥһ̤顣
ţѾʼˣ
䣡
һͷޱûʲôʽֻһȭݺݼһˡ
ףڶһֻǼͷͽ׻ޣн
׼ףڶЩӣҲֵò֣뼧˽ζףҵս
Ⱥĵս൱ԣԪ֮ʵõߡ

ڣĽ
һɫıڷɳС
ͨ׺ͼ΢΢ͷףҵӱҪһͨ
ǽԼıһͬɻԷӳ߱ǿĹЧ
ɱ
Щη壬ҵɱȥ
飡һӻӳâȴɢŻ棬һ߳ȴǻˡ
ҪǵĻϵֻͨǡףڶǳ⡣
ЦЦЩ˵ս黹ǲңԸʱȻûϵͨⲻô
սĺܿ죬ͷͽ׻޹вԼһ֮󣬼ͷ޾ͱɵһŻɢ
ԸһǻޣǾȻķôʱ䣬Ҫúĥˡףڶȡ
Ⱥ֮ȫͷ
ЦսȻǷȱֶݣս츳ĥξͿˡ
ִľǻ𣿡һݸ߸Ůæʵ
ţ
ףڶЦˣ˵ֵܿɲҪô˵Ⱥӻġ
壬ǲģҲҪúǡһȺȭͷ

һ·ǰУ;ֽ˼λޣоա
䣡
𣡡
޳޴󳱣ͻȻ䣬ǲɽ޴ɧһͷͷƾճ֣ɽҰǣһ۶ж١
ףڶɫ䣬¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ɽ̫ã޾Ļޣĳһطͻд޳ףڶǰĻޣʱ¶Ц
ֵܣǸϽ˰ɣףڶæ
ˣ
׺ͼЦЦ
ЩСսٴΣûϰߣ޳ĥʵð취
֣Ҫĥӣ޳һܺõĻᡣ΢΢һЦָɳһ޾޳
ͣ
һͷ޴Ļޱ롣
𣡡
׵ľٶǻϽͣ޾Ļ޶ʱһͷͷ޴Ļǵذӿ
ףҵȺˣȫɫȻ¶֮ɫ
սɣǣ
Цȳ˹ȥֳһִĽͬ޾޳ڡ
ףڶɫ˱䣬¶˾ģȵɱȥ
壬⡭̫ˣǸͲǶְһ˵
ףڶȵǵĵأǴ۵ĺˣηҪΪǿߣҪǧֿѣ˭ˣɱ
һȺĬȻֻýһβӭ޾޳
˿׺ͼѾ޴սһ
˵ʵǿÿһξܸɵһͷޣɫĽһ㣬ݺƥ
Ȼʵ̫ˣǻҪ̶̵Ƭ˱ƣ
ȻԽ㣬Խ˷ܡ
ǿͨδսõĿԼÿһιգЧɱ˻ޡ
أ
ȭȭ⾪졣
ɫѪޱȵǿޣ޳ݺᱼߣ޵С
𣡡
һͷɵĻϮһס
ȻԲһĻޣƺǣʵǿ䲻ʲôͨǿ󣬾ȻӲƴ˼С
ս
Ŀ磬ս
еͨһ飬ѧͨ˼£Ǵʼʽǽ𽣶ĽǷӡ
ˣ
ڲݣҵǧ޹˾
ն
һΣ׾Ȼʩչգֱնͷ޴Ļޡ

ԶףҵĵӲɱˣһͷɴĻ˺ѳһӣһķһˡ
ͣ
һգͷն


525 
ա
ⳡսԼһʱ׺ͼףҵһȺ˵ס˻޴󳱡
Щȫˣףڶˣȫ߶ķˡ
׺ͼͬ죬۵ùǺؼٵĿؾããУؾίʵ̫ϡ٣ԺԲơ
Һķ£Ȼܲ׽ٵÿľ

ʱֵȫָףҵĵҲ󶼻ղŵս¡
ֵܣôΣյսǻᾭôףڶҲЩ£ɫӵʵ
һƲߵǳ̫ˣҲΣôθС˶㲻ϡ
ףڶɫʱΣǰ˴սǳǿߣвɵһܱ֮̾Ϊ콾丶Ŭͼһ޷ġ
߰ɣ޳ǰ·ĻˡЦЦףڶΡ
һȺ˽ǰߣ¶ԽĳȣҲһȺ˹в
ֻҪ뵽ɽЩףҵɾǱҩκεطЧ
׺ͼάţҲް
ˣǼɽ̺ףڶһЦһ
ӳǰһǧɵĴɽɽΰ棬Զȥ𺳡
ֵܣǱȥһݣҾԲһףڶЦ
ţһŶֵġ΢Ц
ףڶһȺǼɽ׼һϹ֣СȻسˡ
ҿôϢģᱻġµ
Сһ㵭ϹƣûἧĽãã̾Ϣһ򰡣ҵĴм̫ˡ
һæʵѵ֮ǰҲнô
ҲΪֵܣмλɽ嶼żԨԴû뵽Ҳˡ
΢΢һЦһɽͦԵ֡
ιСϣôûģÿڲôһԹЦ
СϵۣµϵۣٸҶҲ˳衣
񲻻ЦҵĶô㿴Ļٸţտ㡣
ǻƽȮۣñۻָͨ۷ǼҶҪ
Сϣ㻹Ҫ˯𣿡
ţҪ˯һʱ䣬ʱǱ۾£峼ʱ򡣡СϹЦ
ܲˬһȻԼҪţһĹȥһɫĽֱӻģ̳һѪܵĿӡ
ݣ
СӰһٴʧˡ
ҿб±ߣǴսٻغϡҪˣСȻ͵ϮˣԲ̡
СϼֱһԻԺСѺ˻ֳʲôЦ
Сӣǿˣս޾軵һƴԲ޵غߵ
׿ˣҷ𰡣С㡣

񱯷߲ѡ
ݡ
ʱǰȥףڶ˻ˣÿ϶¶˷ܵЦݣȻض顣
ֵܣֵܡףڶһЦ
ֿɵˣЦʵ
š
ףڶЦЦһ˸žӨĺɫʯڰУ£Լʮ֡
ֵܣϷԣһպáףڶЦ
ã
׵ҲҪʼʽȷȱĿʯ°е
ףڶʱܿΣʱЦˣּȻǲǾҪˣ
šףڶ˼һЦ
΢΢һЦǺãպȥݣȥҶ֡
ףڶȭЦλǡ
ٻᡣ
ףڶһȺȥʱããĻֻʣ׺ͼǡ
Сӣǽȥģ
ָɳһ仯һž޴ĵͼȻףڶչֳŵͼֺ
Ŀǰֻڻ棬˳·߰ɡָָͼϵķ˵
յͼ棬ȷһͨĵ·Ȼ߶ɽ룬ȻС·ȴûֱ
ģҲֶ֪ܼáʼ
Խߣ¶Խǿ£µ˽ڻʥ
ϸһ۵ͼȷ֮󣬱ಽذ·ǰȥ
һߣǰ˰
̵ģ̫ķˣ¶̫ˡͷϸܵĺ顣
Ҳ࣬ĿǽĬĬϢĹлעΧĶ


526 

ХɫĻ漫׶ʱһľǺХľ޴𺣡
˰˽졣
ȻҲûջǶĿѾﵽ۷壬ÿһγֶ˷һ˿һ
Чۣʵдá
˴ʱõ¯ĵزôЧĶԷڶԷƣʱڸҵĹ
ңٴջ
ȻﲻʩչѰǷڿţټѾӣһ·ھ˽ٶ
ףڶɵĻҪ࣬ȻҲųףڶֻǸѡ
׹㹻ԼŻ𽣷ˣ𽣾ûɹҲ̫

𣡡
Ȼһҵ˻ԶһγɣȫɻγɣЩ潥£Ȼûһͷǧɵľ޴ޡ
ǻüĴ˸崦쵵Ĺ
ǻޣ
׺ͼɫʱޱȵء
޷ּףڶ֮ǰ˵һǻǻޱǿĴڡ
ǻѾǣսʥ
˻֮⣬ɽ飬ЩʵǿȾǻҪҪǿһЩ
𣡡
ǧɵĻŭ𣬿µ˺أһֻɻɵľ޴͵ǰһץˡ
ȵϢ
ģȻԱȼһʥߵǻޣעһսֹһ䡣
ѸٷֿҺƳȥɣ˻޵Ĺ
ݣ
һӻŽƵϮ

ױֳһ޴Ľն
ͬʼ֣ѩɫĴӭޱ߻̽ȥ˴ƬĻ档
𣡡
ŭȻûпǣҲ֪ǲǻɽ飬Ҫ
׽Ųӡһع˫ȻڵһԾ𣬶һƾĳ
ӡɽţ
һƽһƻӳȫڻϣǧڵĻ汻ˣ¶һƬɫĴء
ǻӲޱȣӲ׼ʮӡȻֻ΢ҡһ£ͬʱһŭһƬ𺣡
𣡡
Ȼ¶ߣܻܷ꣬һգն˻𺣡
ȣ
һ߼ȣڷԡɫĹâ֮УҼͨʩչ
㣡
ͻȻһЦͷֳһڹӵĴ󶦣ס˻ޡ
һʥĲдƷҵһλүүóдƷĵҲۡЦ
أ
ǴķѣһƻٴλûǧɸߵĻޡ
ҿǻ޻治ȻֵܵĹ΢΢һ˱һУֱӱɡ
ЦЦĽɫâһ뷢
ͣ
Ǿ޴ޱȵΧŻ·ɣݺǻԽԽСһըȻǻޡ
ҵģ
ɱ˫͵һӱʯգ𺳡
ʯͬһ󣬲ϵڻϣըǻԸǻޡ
Ȼ
޵ĽʼûֹͣȻĹʵ̫壬սĸǰʵûʲôá
һң˽ͷǻޡ
ͬģҲ۵æĵϢţΨֻĻޡ
ڽΣգв֮֡
ߣ
ͻȻңԶһĮɲǼޱ߻ǧͷŭƵġ
׺ͼɫȻһ䡣
飡
ڻɽôãڻ˽顣
ôĵӣôĮԶƮһɸ߸ϵζ
ݣ
ʮźɫСʯӴԶ˲䵽׺ͼͷ
ˣ
׺ͼɫ䣬˼þȫܺƳȥٶȿ쵽˼¡
Ȼˡ
ǼʮźɫСʯҵıըǿµϯܣƵƥܿѹһС
¡¡
ɽӱ纣ˮһɹͬɽը÷顣
ȣ
ģ
׺ͼǶ¶һ˿ѪղŵıըˣһĴɽɫѿ
ιбҪɱҲǰݷһλǰġȵ˳㿪ʼҩݡ
һɹɾֹס
λ֣ǲ޶⣬ֻǰݷϻ˵ģͬڰˣͬʱһöɫƾ
óĬˣǹŨɱҲڵ
ǺˣôҸ׵Σٴδǵ֮ղŵĮ飬ȴһ˿ơ


527 
׺ͼһȻôɣڰĽȻϻ˵Ķӣѵ鲻쵮𣿾Ȼã
䣡
ʱ޾Ļ߷ֿһ᫵ĵ·ɫĵʯһ㡣
һߴӰ߳һ׶꣬죬һɫļУĿ¶Ծµȡ
꿪ڣĮ
΢΢һЦϻ˵Ķӣ
ţ
üͷһúȵһңҸ˻ϻƿߣçç˭ðã
ܺʵף˶˵ɽ쵮ģôϻǰк
ЦĿɨеĺɫƣȷǸܵһϤ΢΢һ͵쵮ֻ͵ȵĻޣǲ￪ǣҲҪǾŴ졣
ǻһ壬ɽƿߡ
壿
׺ͼһɫ΢䡣
ǲѵõһϢǾޱ޼ʵĻɽʵһصƿţʵǿ󣬲κһĹҡ
壬Ǻͳʲôϵ𣿡ʵ
޹أｻҰɡ꿴ףĿĮ
ݼϻǰζе΢Ц
䣡
ٿȻ䣬ӸԶͻȻһɫƥңԶֱһӾǽ¡
ɡһ̺޾ɫʱޱȹ
ǵģס
æӦһ̤ɫƥĮ׺ֳһĨЦݣλѣɡ
׺ͼɫһ䡣
һӰֳչıڣ
ϴɭߣڵܲҵĴڣǽ߳顣
΢Ц˵Ͼǻҵĸ֪ˡ
һԱ׺ͼ̤ɫƥҲȥӰֻĬĬվ
ˢ
ɫĳһգۼԽһɽ
ɫһԸ棬׺ͼܱ塣
ɫľͷһУһɴڴֱͬӱȥ
˲ʶģתɾסȻһ˲Ǿһ޴Ĺڡ
ܿտһɫĹ˸ŵʵĺ⣬Ұһ
𣿡
ƾճһλ췢ɢߣϥھ޴ϣԺȻֳһ˵⣬غǿ
һɵֱѹ˾ʮأܷǳһȭ֮ʥޡ
ϢǳԽʥľ磬˵е龳ǿߡ
һɺϢ糾һ㣬׵ĻǶ̲סҪߵݡ
ؼʱԺصĵ̨ʱ
һæͷСͬѹͬ¶֮ɫ
巢չزײŽɲ嶼ˣ尡̾ϢԺʧ׺ͼѹҲʱʧ
ǰϻˣ׹ʵ
Ǻǣû˸ðҵ䡣ϻЦ΢΢һеɵС
겻ϵˣǴʲô𣿡ϻ̾Ϣһʵ
׹شǰǰһѡ
ţ˵
׵²ԭίϸ˵һ飬λѲǰ˵κλѻûõģֻԷķС
ϻ˾ţ˵ų̾ϵѵˣԺʵʲôܹɱ
ҡͷЦǰзĴ£ֻŮȷ˴ѣǰ
ϵ빲Ȼûг棬ϷͷϻЦҷģϷֹ
׺ͼ񵱼ϲæлǰ֡
ϻ˰һЦֵȴһССҪ󡣡
ǰ˵
Ϸδ߳ϣܴ߳ȥһƣҲʶһ档
ףסĵطʲôõģϷȻЩ⡣
ٽȥһպܽӹϻ죿Ǽλ岮һֱء
ϷâȵǸң
Ϊβң뵱ϵţֶͳңȻŮһ˴ѡ
ϻѵȥ꣬ôܿ磿ˣ¾ô˵ˡ
ǣϷͷ


528 涴
ϻ΢΢һЦº͵Ŀף˵ϣԺܰѷѣǻԶʱЩŰ壬Ҳ롣
Ϸһ˵ףԱҡҲҵĶ֡
ϻ΢΢һЦ˵ǼҵλСѣŽ壬ڵʵǶ֡
Ϸʱ¶߰ս⣬׺ͼ
ЦЦͻȻֳ⣬ÿһͷǧɣ͸˹ķ
ǿµѹϷ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ҵȷСϷ˼Ƭ̣ȷûסһУҲ̹ʣ̹Ȼ˵
Ц̹ףƷ
Ϸߵһǿġ
ͷɣ·۹һҲƵϾ콾ЦЦ˵պ߹ǣҪ໥ֲźá
Ϸ΢΢ԥһ£ͷû⡣
ϻ˾Ц׵Ѿˣ˵£ǶֵһѣҪס
Ϸһ΢Ц׺ͼ񣬵Ȼһͷ֪ģס
ǾȻҰɣǼһֹġϻ΢ЦҲǳȥһɡ
ã
˵ͷ
׺ͼҲһûϵ˳ˣлɽֹҲؿǵġ
Ϊһ壬൱һ˶ȥ
ϻ˴һӣ׼ֱӱ˦Ƭ죬һ˲ѾɽıԵش
֣ǻҰɣЦʵͬʱĿ⿴
ĮȻϹȻҵĿˡ
ϷЦЦذɢǿϢһЦʵ࣬һǲ޾֮콾֣ҵڴ
գ۵٩֣㻹ȺúȡմܱӰɡ
Ϸƽ˵⻰˵ˣ䲻ֵĶ֣δ㡣
ҿ
һȻ𱾴٣ǱȻһ
ϷЦлġ
ţ
ʱĿͻȻϷȥ˷ӦҲȫüͷһһɽȥ
أ
һǧɵĻɽѣͬʱһɾϢŻ޵˻
ͷһǧɵĻŭɢޱȵϢб£˸ܿһͷ޵ͷվһˣ˫֡
ϻȣ֮ӣһƬɫĻ𺣡
ܿһͷɫ裬ϾȻһɫƬȻƣüȴ¶Űͱ塣
磬ˡϷŻͷϵ꣬ɫʱ
ϷԽԽгϢˣȻͱ΢һ𣬻ǳֵܡЦ淭Ǿˡ
Ϸƽ˵ʼԴʵҲǻһޱ塣
ߣ
Цâʵʣסˣȵôĵӣôǻɽ
֣ŵ˵˭ҲˣȻô󣿡²û
䣡
һɫĵֱȫɻɣƥƵ͸ſµɱ
أ
Ȼ壬һƾͷǵ⡣
Ϸ΢Цͣ涴硣
Уȫû˵߰ɣӱϾڽҪǻһӣͲʰˡ
壬ŭˣ
ŭߵͷǻŭϢֱΧʮɽ촷ۡ

ݣ
˿ͻȻ֣ǰһ죬һֻǧɵľƣ޾׹˸һ޴ĵߣֱըͷޡ
Ҳûʲô󰭣Щ׹ⲢûȥɫԽѿ˫Ŀ¶˵ɱ⡣
磬αȡ裬߰ɣ
Ϸһ֣֮һսЩʱ㲻ңҲȥġ
ؿһϷһߵ̫ܵġ
ϷЦһÿɷ


߳ɽˣҪȥϴ裬Ȼһ١ſ˫ۣһ
䣡
ؾ糱ˮһӿȫڡ
ϷȻ˵óʳ𣿡
ЦȻģλӣȻҰɡ
һ̨֣Ȼٿأ½̤ϴֱ̨ӿ˴
ֹһ˷ҡ
չ͸̨֪ϢԳӭӡ
ǰλϷ֣Ҳϻ˵Ķӡ΢΢һЦչϷ
Ϸʱڣ˵֡
ֵܣȻչΪҪǿϷȻƽ۽


529 ˽
ڣ˷ֱ
ÿһ˵϶ѷʳҾƣ˿ͬչڣǼ˶ؿϷ
ϷԵͷǺƯŮ֪ζʳȫԵøɸɾƫƫһҲûй
࣡
ֺһҾƣŷ꣬˴͵ı飬Į϶ʱ¶֮ɫ֧˼ҵһγԵôζʳλЦˡ
չЦŰڰ֣˵ϲʳﳢĵʳ
ϷĿʱһ
ֵܣǰɽһ·أˡչѾ֪һ飬ǳ͵Ϯ
жǳɱ⣬ֲòŽȻǾ콾ٴʱչһ˿п
Һһ˳
ЦЦ˵ϻǰֹⳡ
չ۾Ȼⳡֹ
׵ͷȻȭǰҲһ󣬲֪˵˵
ֵ˵
ĿⶸȻ䣬룬ҲҪһ±ֹĳ˵Ϊ
չ淢ʣ׼򵥵˵һԵɣҪ޸𽥽ˣױ뿪ʼ׼ԼİŮ˵ˡ
ң
ϷĿһʵ̾ϺĻĹң
š
һ⣬Ҳʶһ콾Ϸ΢΢һЦɢһɳȵϢ
Цл֡
չüͷ΢΢һž˵ֵܷģη粨ȥһᰵһ֮
׵ȵľ仰ܰȻܲˡ
ϾǺҲǻĹңһҹȻ飬Ҷ
һپϯԵñȻŮţԷط䡣
ڣϥǰϷһ裬Ų裬顣
½Ҿ̫ɽú꣬Ȼ¡ʼŽ·ߡ
һսʱ䣬ֻʮ꣬ʮʤȢɡЦЦüȻš
ֻҪʼʽȫɹһϣܽ𻢡
𽣾оԲ͸Ż𽣷൱һЩ
һЩֲ֮˼󷨣ڤ֮С

䣡
һСڣȪ洦ɼҩƮ㣬ޱһҾ޴սͻȻд
սϣվһλڷˡ
ʥһɿµ嶷ţһϢѣʮء
أ
𣡡
ɲǼ䣬޶ϵ˻¶˷ܵɫ
һϢ貣ľһ˲ֱӡ
ûлصҵ԰ˣ
һȻһͷɫķɻڳȵؽס꣬ƾԼϡ
Ҫ֪ɫķɻһλʥ
ڰ׻ϣСڿһȦȻİ׻Դһ絽սϣս˺ʧ
֪˶ãƬСŰ
һ˲
һƬɾһĶڣٴγ֣سչֵ
նˡ
Уд۳һ϶żλɵľˣȫʥһʶ
գ
һǿߣڴ
һֳʣϢǹѪζڸסȵʥױȵ
λǿߣѾԪ죬·۹ҲܳƵϸǿߡ
նȻѾʱȥףһλģӰʣдϡ
ɣЦЦ
һǲװֵģȥɽѰˡһλ߿ڣ߹ţӾ촫
ײķⳡϧȻǻҲ赲
һλƢ𱬵ʥߣ޾ѹѹǧ硣
΢΢һЦõܸܰʿˣʿǴ˵еŽ壿

˵أǽսǷŽ壬һ·ɳȥľС
ã
ոֶЦ޵УǸǶôį鰡
նĪҪСʮ꣬Ѿɳزˡ
ЦЦڴһ
¹شҵȻ׼׵ɣնҲȥϢһձǰҡ
һλʥ˵
ǡյͷ


530 
һҹ޻
ʱ֮״ڤ֮¶һ˿֮ɫ
һҹͼٴսɫ󺣵ܿϧһνɫˮ鶼ûյڶĿԽ׼Ų֮ͻٴͻһС̨ףﵽ졣
Ԥţʮʱ䣬Ϳ벽ԪνʥȴңԶ

̯֣о裬۳ǿƥһȥܻһƬɽ롣

ʱ֪ʲôطǧɽˮÿһ˶С
䣡
ͬʱ׸ܵӹһطչͷųǿϢ纣ɽ
ʥϢǵأһܷǧǳ
ֵܣɡչͳ͸һŭͺɱ
Ȼ֪ҪˣչȵӣȻὫ¶⡣
Ӱһͳڴڡ
մ£˺ܶˣ˵һǿ߾ڴˣʥ߰λʥߣٰλ
ȻȫѪҲľսĹҵĵ˿ֲ
ϷҲˣվһԲ˵
ҲԹԵߵǰʵҪˡ
Ϸһ䣺޹أЩֻ֮ܿˡ
Ҳͷ
Ȼ˶԰ĺܣ߰λʥ֣ټϰλʥĳҲ֪Ҫд·Ǿûвֵʸ
չ棬ҵЩϹʱͻңʱˡһλʥ
չ棬ȻѾΪ龳ֻҪ㲻ԸӦ׮£ȻѡܾҪֵǻ뼸λֹ
չ棬˼أ
λʥڣǶһΪʥҲ޾죬ֻҪչͷǾ͸ڴһչصǳͣ
ôⱾҵ£Ǹ޹ϵ
ҵҪˣһ׳ɹ¾ͻṫ£κܸˡ
ҵСҲˣǰ洫İϷǲЩڶĸоһλͷɫЦ
˵¶֮ɫ
ЦЦʵλǰɷҼˣ
š
չ濪ڣȣһ˿Ѿ֪ңʱձףʮλʥ

һô̡
չ棬˼أһλͷͻȻӹ΢΢ɢһɴϢеϼ
ˢ
ʥվͬչһʦ塣
΢΢һЦʾ£׵ĿɨһȦͷĺӡ
ǰˡ׼æ
߾Եɲ⣬ƺ̲ޱȿµܶһƬƬ
ûнΪ龳ҲԶˡ
䣡
չͻȻ˻ɽɽڳջһ޴ĺ«ɽס
ɺʦѰĴܸ龳ʿĿӣȻͬ졣һԵЦ
иǴ󾪡
Ѱʦó󷨣Ȼܿóɺͬһ㣬ʵǾǧŰٵںһһķ󣬽Բǧﱣ
һһΪ׶ѰƵҲҪʱ䡣
ҪɺҪķѵֱˣҲֻлĹҲ޼ɵʹĴ
ɺʹõ衢ʯȲϣĽ𽣶Ļ

Сãƽ̣Ҳɡʱչ˵
ˢ
ϧͳǰ
ͰݼǰȶһϹ΢΢ף˼ˡ
չһȺʥ֮Ϊʦߣһλʦܣֻ̤龳࿪
࿪ϻƣ£ò˶þܽΪܡ
ͼ̤ʥϲɺذ࿪Ŀ΢΢ţһͣһЦ
ЦЦĬˡ
չ棬㿪ɺ󣬶Ҫ¸֪ҵȣڶѾˣ˵ˡ࿪ֵ
š
չ΢΢һЦؿʼ˵Լļƻ
ͬʱ
޾Զһҳɵսţÿһս϶װ˹صƸ
ʮսϣֱһλʥ
һսոֶվһͷѩɫ˫ϻʥ

սڣһ
ǣ
ʮλʥȫӦ


531 ͬ
䣡
ʱһϵڣʱȵһڿڡ
ϼ죬ӭҹͣ
þʮضڲ޾һڴ纣˷Ĳ;η
ҵĴƽ̣ҲǼٳҺĹؼ
һҾ޴սһɽţһʥǸɵķ࣬ͨ⣬ǱϢ
䣡
ʱһƬСڱ򿪣ʥ֣һ˸Цλͣ롣
¡¡
һսϼ졣
ϼصĶ֮һݺǧһ޴Ĺɣɢҫ۵ĹâԶŵƵǡ
ϼҲӭҪʱſţŨĻؾҺ̬һ㣬Ļɾﾲʮ꣬ꡣ
ҵһȺʥӭӣÿһ˵ϢޱȿֲȻȥѪҲһܹӽġ
ÿһκ̺ǿ˺Ѳ񷡣
ԭѣǺþòˣǵǧһͬս龰ʥЦ
ѣò
Ϲ֣˵Ȣһţôˣва
ֵܣеҺҶ׼ˣĶԹϸǸˡ
һȺʥ̸µʥ߶վһԣƽڹǿԺ˷ʥȴΪ˶˲赹ˮСˡ
һĻֻڻĹңһλʥԺǣһӳôʥֱλһ㡣
㻹ûʧˣ
䣡
һֲӰ֣һλ˳ϼڣµĲ嶷ţһˡ
һλʥʱ¶ŨҵɱҲߵ쾣㶼ûأô
˸ռͽţ˿ֱüͷ
쾣ҺҵĴϲ£֮ĶԹԺ˵ɡһӰ֣͸ǿʥϢ
ǿ߽࣬ף˿Ũܣڷһ㣬Ͷһɴϡ
֣òˣ
սڣһӰ߳ĵܲһȣ൱ǡ
֡΢Ц
ֵΪҵһλ龳ǿߣľܣԽʥĴڡ
λ龳ʿڷǾԲģеƣνǴĴˡ
˵ѾԳ棬ķˡ
һԳضҪء
롣΢΢һЦʾҵ˽ϼ
룡
ƺƵҺһʥ룬սϣǱĿЪϢδϼ
ڡ
һȺ˷ֱЦʵҵŮأôûڣ
Цһҡͷ˵ôֳܳϣնϲ֣Ҿսϴˡ
Цǣв˵ĵСѣҲȲɡ
ǣ
棬ճȵ
һ߽ŲȻʥɳȴû¶˿֮ɫ
ţ֮ѵõ˲šڳǿ߶ͷֻЦЦƽغŲ衣
ǰλǰǣ
°ɡ
ǡյͷβ
ְǵһλأѵ˼һЩͷ𣿡΢΢һЦʵ
ҡͷһЦŮӱϾƤˡ

ʦ֣ɽţҹѾˣƽʥŮȥɽ⣬һλ˿״«ƵĴĿ
֪ˡɽڣչƽ
ʦ֣뾡졣׹է֣ôѺá
䣡
һֻ޴ƴɽ̽ɢǿϢȫõ۶ɣɢϢ
ֱӽѹˣ࿪ͷ
ߣ
һ˿Ѫ¶Թɫתȥ

ʱ
һɹɾǿϢϼڣϧһɫȻسڣչʮλʥ
ۣһδӣǵȻûһ˿·ֻǿһİƵġ
쿪Ц˵մһãΪӵԵʣ׮£һǷǳڴġ
׮£¹شһЩңӽΪ£ǲװҲЦ
ϧ䲢δվʤѩüĿ续糾һ㣬ˣڵҲͬ׮¡


532 ϻң
ϧͤͤŮһ㣬ȫѾһλĸףĿ峺ᶨˡ
Ļ䣬ȫʱž֮С
΢΢һЦ˵ϧĪ˵ӻŻѾ£ڷڣǲǼˣЩ
ҲЦǺŮӳ޵ʱ򶼻ֻţ黹һʱ䡣
գȻֻǾغŲ裬·һ޹ء
ϧ䰲ؿˣ˵ʦ壬ҲδЦҵȷҪŻ£ѾˣΪĸټˣ
ɫʱһϢ¶ѹضҪڰ
ˣ
ŭȣܶϷŻѶãҺЩͷȴ£ãݵᡣ
һλҵʥҲüͷȵϧ䣬ô£鿪ЦĪҪ󡣡
ԭõ黹ֲָֻţұ졣չһֲɽƣ͵غȵ
չ棬ѵҲͬϧڻ𣿡ҵһλʥüõ
һ᲻ԼСôչЦĿ翴һŻϵ죬ʦ壬ɵģȻòͬ⣬ҿ׮¾ˡ
չСֶ׮ϧ⺢ӱ޸ң˭ܸġƽǿѹѹչ涼޷Ϣ
龳ǿһŭһƬ
춢չã䣺Ҫﶪۣϧ£¡
ʦҪǿǿ𣿡࿪ڣ䲻龳ʿҲﵽ벽飬ԶʱЦ
һüȵ࿪ƾҲ£㻹У¡

չһʥȣ˺ȵأֲָֻš
ɫʱǹ˼һЩֹһЩˡ
Ȼһʥ޵еĴڣ龳ʿǰɲУΪ龳ʿѾƿش
ǧҲ֪һ
Ψߣܽϵ龳
֣ҵļ£Ҳ֣ѵƾЩ֣ϵشҶġ
һֲֵض˵һᴦ
˫ĿŻ磬ڵ·ǧħһɺϢ緢
Ҳŭˣؿչã£ҿԼ̡
ǿȥԼҲ޸ϧĿƽָȲա
΢΢һЦΪ޹ӡ

ŭ𣬻ϼױȵѹƺƵֱܽ񷶼ѹ
׮ѳɶ֣ƾû治áߣתͷ˵֣յƸˣ׮¾ôˡ
ʦ壬ҲңõĻֻ˭Ҳ޷ѡҸ㡣
չͦΣĿ磬һرķɣ侲˵ǿƣݹʯ١
չ棬ĪҪʦһֻ־ѹ㣡ڣЦ
Ǿ԰ɣ
չһȺʥ壬Ѫսһļơ
ɫ֣ƽ̵òаҺʱôعˡ
䣡
һ仰˵ͻȻһֱչ漸ˡ
Գһ磬Ҫչ˶ȥֻϧһˡ
ݣ
ʱһɳ֮ϢͻȻ񷣬ͬʱһֻɫָϡ
һȺ˿÷ȻͨйȻǸղһͲ֪˶գ˶С硣
䣡
ʯ˴ݶһλƵĵ˸߸ԻһƬһƬ죬տգδһϣϻң
ϻڿգһǻֱǧɣͱݶȵϢʥ
ޱ߻һλò߹ŵߡ
ɽϻ죬ϻð߶šɷǣ߸ϵˣ΢Цڡ
ɫһ
֮ǰչɽĸֳֹⳡû뵽ı뵽ˡ
һһ֮
ڻɽĻĹȻһЩҲ֪ĿºѲסǿһ֮һ
Ȼ嶦ʢϾǽͣȻҵ
οϻͨȼŻ棬ȻѾ˻֮龳·Ѿ˺ԶǸ̤
ԭϻ֣ˡĿһվһЦ
ϻ֮ʱϲˣЦЦ


533 ߵĽ
ɣһʥϥȫׯϣÿһǰƣ·Գһ硣
ϻ˳ֺҺҵһȺʥȫɵǰһգȻǻʵм˲֪ٵռ䡣
ϻ΢Ц˵Ȱⳡ񡣡
ֹ̫ܵ˰ɣ
ɫã¶֮ɫ
һʲôʱϲˣһϲƣҵȻӭȻȰⳡ£ֻҪõʧˡ
ϻ΢ЦҴӻгֻϵһѣϵʧ٣ǺѣԵȡ
ŭȣ֣ǻĹҵ飬ǻ廹ǲҪ֣֪£ǻǻԻ͹ȻҲǺңԶˡ
ҲĿⲻƶϻˡ

ϻ˴Ц˫ĿգǳȵϢЦҵõʱ㲻̤ʥҶ𣿡
ֲҪ󡣡൱ǿơ
Ȼеĵ·ߵ龳Ȼ޾κˣҲ޾κ龳ʿһһƬһԳعҪı䡣
䣡
ʱ޾ִһɺĲȵϢȻǧǻ˿
һֱĻֱӴֻһ̤ɽʼͻأѲ²ƣ׷ա
ʱһλųɫһĨĳɫ⡣
ɽප죬ˡۣ쿴˺ôһ
һȺʥ󾪣չ涼΢΢е𾪡
ôһĹ򣬽Ȼ龳ǺεȴӣԼ׵ȷϻ֮
ප֮ĹҵǿȻģһȺʥܵ纣ѹɫ΢䡣
һȺʥпЦԭǹǵĴߣȻԾܣɲ
龳ʿһȺʥ֣һλ龳ʿ첻κв
ǻɽһ֦ͬλȥһսҺϻ㡣˿ڣ䡣
̫Դˣ
ŭȣһɻɬֲϢɢ͸һϢ
һϢôһȺʥȥ
ϻ˺ͲɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ĵˡϻ΢΢һЦϻڼ

ǧأڳ˶֮ɫ䡣
λ龳ʿȻЯ˽ѹŵϢȻֻһţȴҲ˾㤡
Ȼʣ¡¡죬ȫ貣µš
൱ǿƣָϻ˺Ͳ˺ȵͣҲˣһս
ϻ˺ͲˮһʹʧʱѾ⣬Զ˹ڵһƬû
䡢ڰһſһƬƴ
ɣһɫĻ⣬һųɫĻҫţֱʮɸߣյˡ
ҸҪˣ
չĹڣϷͻȻɫһݡ
ţ׺ͼҲɫ䡣
Ϸüһɳһ棬ȻƬİϻǿУһ
ȻֻǸŻ׺ͼɸоĪѹ·ǹɾǿܴ͸գĨɱ
ǲ壬ҲˣѵҺҪǻɽһΪôϷȵ
׺ͼ˴˶һۣһ
Ҫ°
Ĺҹǿƣ壬ȻҪսˣԷλ龳ʿҲں
ֹǣϼͬһ棬ؼǿշһС
ͨģڳʥۿһս
΢΢һüͷͻȻһҲʧˡ
ʥȫɫ
ûһ⣬⽫һսλ龳ʿĴսԴţһƬƬ
䣡
⣬֣ͨ⻷ƣ޾ۿϻ˺ͲˣӣȵҪһս𣿡
ɽһϧһս
ϻ΢΢һЦеȻ޿֣ȻƾΪܴ߶أ
ֻҪǱɣ

һڴһͨɫıӳУӳɣɢޱȿֲܡ
ޣ
ϻ˺Ͳɫء
ޣҵĵλ۵һͷԼɣĪܡ
һ޳峼
ɫޣһͷգ֮У޾ĺڹ⣬ֲء
ȥ̣
ǳʩչأɸߵޣһ߸ϵɡ
ߣ
ʱϻ˺ͲϣͻȻֳЦݡ
䣡
һɵߵĲݶ˻Ķһд֪ȫ
ѵеҪ˲ɣ
һȼŻ¯ӣ˺ޱȵϢֱ˸һſŴǡ
¯
ǳһƵģɫѿ
ͨ죬һգһſǳ͸ĽƵķ׷׽䣬ֱˡ
ˣ
𶯣סǿµĻϢ
ϻ΢΢һЦ˵ֹУǻɽһͬյ
ǹսˣһ
ûⷢǽսῴһ֮ս龳ʿ֮ĴսǵĽ档
ԻĹ֮󣬵ûѵǵҵʥ
ͬСɣҪս𣿡Ҳҵʥء
ɽĿ£Ĺҷǳ˵ƿ˲ֹһλʼɵ
ˢ
ڣޱվߣԶ¯Ũҵɱ
֣Һ߶ɱǶˣǵĵݣ˫Ŀɵ⡣
һȺз
ⳡսվ޷
䣡
һԲҡһҲɸߣһţ͸׽ٵϢ
ԭ϶֮Ʋ졣
ɫĬֻǽŻ棬ĴսһӶԼܴκһĻ
콫ڵԶԶϵĻ۵ϣǺɫĳŤһͷЯΰֱӳ
Զ
ϻ˺¯޾Ļб֪˶ǳޡ
䣡
棬ʱѣ𵴡
һƬƬʱһſǳʧԲֱӻޣ´ƬĻ籩
ս
Ĵ龳ʿŭ
غױȣǳ䣬ʱ˲ײ˼ʮΡ
һѣڵǰʲôǳʲôʱնһֻƬ̼䣬С򶼻ˡ


534 ֮
һʮɺɫӣ͸춼ҪܣһӰһɫâϻǳ
䣡
¯ӭȥ޾Ļ滯һͷסһ
Ĵ龳ʿһսٿսһױȵĿϢˡ
ȻһƬİսľܶܵɿµĲѹ졣
ٴ߶ս
ĽЩ߾жôǿĵӵֲ
о
ͬģʼԴǵܣҲܵɿµĲڽ棬һˡ
ô£Ľ棬ֵսȥ飡
Ĺҵ棬ͬʱ
ܿģʹ˹Ǹء
ҺҴսɽ飬ԼٶڴǵĻĹҡ
мλͨ⣬ҲǵĵӶһսⳡĴս
ɱ
Ĵ龳ʿɱ
ǳǴɫŤÿһγЯſµ
ͬ¯ΪҲſֲܡ
޾ܻûģס޵ȫ
һ˲ϻ¯еһתһɳĻŽƵļȥ
޾նʱ
ŭ𣬵ۼƺȫѣһӰ壬ָɨһƬƬǳ
Ĵ龳ʿս񣬵޾ߣһƬ
ͨս˶ȫֱܼ̫ˣ޷赲ȻʥսҲ̼䱻
ǿգ
ϻ˴¯ʱʮɴкһƬƬĻ棬ڣƵǺйĵ
һſǳһƬƬʱݣ޾ĻƵӿˡ
ˣ
ͬһͷ޴˻ǿգβһ˦ǳȥ
䣡
ٴײһ
ǿµ˵Ĵ龳ǿȫɳȥһǳǱȫѡ
·Ϭһ㣬Ĵ龳ʿȻڵһʱ佫ǿµƲ
ô£ôˣ
ϣ˶ĿɿڴⳡսȻҪĹͷ˫ô˵
ڣ׿Ӱ񣬳ˣ߶Ҫķ̫龳ʿҲĲ𡣡
ô״߶ģҰҸڣʵûȫ漤ϷҲ˵
˵һõȫ渴һƬͻҷˡ
ֹǣڹսҲϵѾٴ߶ֻܰѵñǿ͵Ϯˡ
ͷϷĴ龳ʿҪһսˡ˿ѪڣһʥȫĿת
ʥԣۼʶλ龳ʿսǶĺôͨⳡսʥһ
䣡
Ȼʱ
ƬڣֵӵһϢ纣ޱߣһ۳һ㡣
ǺƺƵѹһУĴ龳ʿɫһ䡣
ô£
һɵĲô£ѵ龳ʿЯ͵ϮôһɱĴ龳ʿ
δǹǵǿߣҪˡ
ԽԽˡҲлĹҵЦҳԿûɽһԱⶼԸ⿴顣

һ쵶ޱߺڰɢϢɭĵâһƬ֧ǿڡ
âգֻһϢѹţնǧǳ
һΰӰС
һᷢߣߴ࣬˫Ŀâ͸һſǳȻҲɢֲĲ
ߴŹӵĵۣЦǾʵһսϧϷδܸһս
ߵĳ֣Ĵ龳ʿ󾪣˸¶ϲ֮ɫ
ǹսˣҲʧɫ
ϹŶֹģ϶Ȼû⼸겻֪ȥεˣΪúÿ¡
ҺҵһȺʥȫȻ
չϲȥף

λҵƽ̣ʧ֮ٴγУЯƣһ
ϻ˸ǴϲϵܣȻû䡣
ɫʱޱѿ˫Ŀ¶֮ɫջǹһݣƽ̡
΢Цǿ쵶УϢ
쵶Ȼҵĵ쵶
ɫǰܣ¶һ˿׾ľֳֵ֣ƬսԾʲô顣
֣ӲͷƤк


535 쵶
ڰУһΰӰţʩչأʮɣһϢɢ춼
ֳ쵶¶һϢ
쵶ҵĵ۵ɼ纣ɣǺ˵ľ֪ԡ˶ǿߵѪҵǵĸ
ҵǳ壬˳֮Ϊۣ֮쵶ңػϼѴʮꡣ

ĳ֣˹ǣҲҡ
ϼڣһǿȫɫ䣬мԭһŹ˳졣
ԭΪλƽ̻ս⣬˭ϵ֮ٴγ֣ʵԽĿ£Ѿﵽ龳ҪԶ졣
ֹˣоȻ쵶
һǳõźţǱ̫ϳƿصģУֻ˵һԭǾ̫ϳվߡ
ƽ̻ˣ̫ˣ෴һʥȫЦһȺʥĴЦϼ
ҵһȺ˸ɫǷϣǿƣ˱ŮϹܰݣ
ͬʱ
һصСڣһϹŶƣԭΪϹѾ䣬뻹š
ţΪˡ
ģϷҲȥⴳһˣϷʥ꣬ȴڰ벽龳һλ治޵
棬̫ˣҿһôճϣҴһ쳯һλЦ

ʦܣ£ֳ쵶ǵâһǧǳƺúڰ涼ʼ⣬
ɫӣе쵶վûҷֵδ䣬˾뿪Ƭ档
ͷƤ飬龳ʿ˿ҲЩˡ
龳ʿΧȫʢ״̬еһʹɱֵ֣ס
֡Цһٴοڡ
δһۣǴЦϻǣЦλȭм
ϻ΢΢һЦ˵ϵԽͨˣҾ˵ϵܵʵôܻ䡣
˵ͷͬЦƽ̿ȻϻѣȻҲҲѡ
˵ܽύѣĳңλϸղһսƣˣȻϢҶ֮ꡣ
ã
ϻͲͷİΣ
ߣȻ˿ڷеľʱҲ޷ָ״̬
쵶Ƕ֡
ˢ
λǿҲȥããֻʣ
֣ĳ
䣡
һ仰δ˵꣬ͻȻתһɺĲڴǿµϢɲǼ䱩ǧ򱶡

һǳɵĵâ˺գನ˰棬µ籩ϯǧӿɱʮء
â棬ֱ
һ·ܣŭɱħ
ɫ䣬ɲǼ䵹ʮâޱ޼ʣ˴棬ӰΣ
ХǳΪ𣿡
ֳһƬ嫵ĺ󣬺Ѿޡޣûб߼ʡ
һƬ嫵ĺȻһУ޾ٲˢһǵâֲĴϢϯ졣
޵ĵ⣬Լεĺ󼸺һƬ޾ʱ𣬵ܲһƵпٵصܡ
һ˲䣬նʮ
ǳѣձתԼĵȥֵǱڵĴ󺣣һ֣Ҫס۵ĵâ
Ȼⶼͽ͵ģڵ£龳ʿҲԵòһ
ڱң
ХѪĵֱʮɣ½óϢɲǼս
׿ǰһĻһЦϹƴˡ
ҲЦǿѪҪʧǧǰǿư
޻ʮɵӰأסе⡣
ǴϣֱӵɰһſǳڴĴ飬ͬձһƬ
ȣ
ȿȿȿȣ
ȫѣһХʼؾԲʮľɲǼ䶼۵ڣǸ·޵׶

𣬷˿裺Ҫһս
һԽһ˿ЦŮʱн죿
̶ҺҹͬģǱȵģ
ЦĿȴ纮Ϸձֹⳡб£ˡ
ɫؿһ仰û˵
ֳ쵶ָһ˿˿ߵһȺӬӪ֮ʲô
һ仰˵꣬뿪Ƭưܵ


536 ˶
һſ֧ǳһƬˣֻʣ²ԭİٷ֮һ
һս֮ԭûϢԽǰܡ

ڰڣХܵǳ飬Ƭľ
ղһĻ涪
Ϊ֪ͨķڹս̤龳֮󣬻ǵһܴ졣

˫Ŀâգ¶Թ֮ɫ
ߣ
գһưգֱӳƬ򣬶ʧ֮С

䣡
һԵ֮Ӱϼڣ˫Ŀ磬һ޵е̬
ɫεվһԣĿ䲻֪Щʲô
ƽ̣
ҵǿһǿҲΣϾƽ̣̫ϳų
ҵһȺʥľսΨˡ
ҵλѣذɣⳡգʲôʣҡڣӣܲ졣
е죬εƽ̣Ҳһλֲǿߣ
ǣ
һȺʥɬ׷ȥ
ǰҶයգ뷨ֻһĽ塣ͻȻ˵
Ŀ⿴ա
գ

ͷԣɡ
лǰ
һȺʥȻǲҪôҺҼҪ˺ȻҶ
գҪ֣ǻȥһλҵʥüȵ
΢΢һЦҡͷүүȻȥɣҹͻߡ
㡭ʥã˵ʲôȴڵˣҲΪһӣձ°ɡ
ڣҵǿҲҶ˵ʲôһҾ޴սȥգ۱뵽Уﳷ롣
ɲǼ䣬ϼֻʣҵһȺǿߡ
һʥȫΨҪѣҲҶ˵ʲôλʦȻľη
˾ְȥɣµΪֹ֣͸һ޷׽ƣ
ǣ
ȻԸ׷ʲôȻҶʣһ𣬿տֻʣһŮ
ף
չôޣдΰݡ
һԶŮ¶һĨЦݣ˵磬ɽλѣԼλСѡ
ǣ
չͷϧ߳

ϼûйرգǳҹյʱϼһƬЦ
߾һȺˣȺҲϻ𡢲ЩǿߣһʥһЩĲſ
һľҲ˵һͨ廷ʥֻǰλʥ߶𾪹ǡ
һλſȻĬĬţһĸ֣м˸ȫŵˡ
ǻĹҵĵ̣һã侪̾
ˮ˶ƱյһƬ֮
λ
ڣʱϻͲ֮⣬ȫŹ֮ɫ
һƣҾңЩˣٱһ
һȺ˾˱
ڶƣϻͲˣô˵Ƿ˻ɽһһ顣
ϻ൱ˬЦϵܲÿһʣѾֵܣֵѣ⵱Իȡ
ҲЦ˵ƽӢ۸ƽ̳Ϊ֪˵һܣǴ򼸰ٳҲֵ
Ц
ƣҾ;λСѰɡžƱĿ⿴׺ͼ
˴󾪣æ
æǰǧô˵ֵǰһƣѾˡ
ҲЦүӿƣЩɲҺȣֵܾһɡ
Ц˺⣬Ҳơ
ܾˣһȺ˺˼ʱ֪ȹ˶̳صƣ磬Ʈϼ졣
ףѶǲΣգչ濪ʵҲ֪顣
Ŀⶼλүӡ
¾Ʊ΢΢˫ۣܴ͸һգֱȻһЦȷһЩ˼ĶҲҵΪͻͽڰǰͽΪ龳
ϵǱʲôطôϻʵ
ͷһλ˵Ķɲ⣬ұʿǸĻԵųɵİء
ʲô
ϻͲ󾪡
ʵﵽһѾпɵ뷨ȻǾ۾绹ԶΪﵽ龳Ҫǰһȴǳѡ
λ֣ҲΪټȥ̽˸ۡҲ֪λԸȥ̽ôЦʵ
ϻͲһۣЦ֮
һȺʥҲ˫ĿŹ⣬ȥʶһ档
΢΢һЦʥͲȥˣʵ̫޷ӦΣգұס꣬Žѡ
һȺʥЦ
۹ǣʥۣÿһʥԺȻ龳ʿУʥʿ̽ɼҶʸûС
ɼҶޱ޼ʣҶ֪жΣպͻУЩҲԵѾ޳˼塣һЦ
˵ʱȻ
ӣų׽ҿ
Ϊܵõ̫ϳŵΪƿϵĵֻ˺ܶ࣬ɼҶõ
ңὫɼҶĵַ߼壬Ǵ󹦼κ˶ĨɱˣЩϹŶȻһӡ
ףллˡϧ
΢΢һЦɵӣһ˵Щ
ƽ̣
ͻȻɫ㣬ء
һݣѾµԼƽҪʲôǡĻͬô˭Ҳ˵á
˵֪˵ʲôʲôʱʥʲôʱȢҵŮֵ
ЦĻϺ¶һĨϲ֮ɫæӦлǰ
΢ЦҲлңͨϷҲóϧȷĵģŮи㣬Ҳġ
֣¸˰ɣǵϧʦõǶĵһŮСˡһλʥЦ
չҲЦ˶ãҾͶһλ÷ˡ
ϧߺͷߡ
ʹЦһʥƱյȵĲֺ
ţ
ͻȻһȺ˶΢΢õüͷڴǾǿߣȻܸ֪ϼſվһˣһ֮͡
Ǹӽɣ˵ͬʱĿϲһɨ
һߴӰ߽չ񣬼ҽԨԴǻĹҵʥӡ
ţ֮ţԻĹ֮µ츳ˡͷյ۲νߡ
΢΢һЦǰˣҹðʵһ¡
Ŷ˵
ЦһͷĿͻȻףƽ˵ҽΪԪ£Ըһս


537 콾ս
յĿƽؿףϲһ˿ս⣬˵һ΢顣
Ҳʱ
ԼһλһǿҪԼһսʲôĿôǵļϲ
һЦҪСһսҪ㣬޵ûˡ
΢΢һЦĿȻףŽսǷԸƽһս֪Σ
ԣ
ЦЦͬһǿƵˣҲžǿģĸ֣ȻҲȽһ
΢΢һЦױ΢ЦȻͬʱϵ
гһ̾ʵ̫ˣӵ֮ˣֻǿϧȴû
Ȼ㣬ɻһΣպףȴʶʸ
һʱܳô콾˵ȷʢ£һҲ˵Ҳٵǰס
ÿ
ãȻԸдһϷ̫ɨˣղײգͽһսɡ
ԣ
˵ͷ
ϼһԶսԶս޴˷һ
սյϢԼٶȴң̶ġ
䣡
ķڣĿ
Ҫ÷ͨԶսϣĿһ콾սҲ뿴ܳ콾ʲôս
쳯ңһĹ򣬹Ǿнٸɷϣܹͨһۡ
λ˵֮󣬱ͬͨ˷󣬵λ콾һսʱԹս
ʱգۼ
䣡
ϼڣһƬ޴ԶսգһƬĴ½ݺǧڵ֮С
ܲĹâ˾̾
ҵԶս֮һʥＤսһǿĵػй
ʼˣ
ϣĿתŸҵķ󴫵ݹĻ档
򣬼Ӣ۱˫֣ŷڵľ¶һ˿Цݣ½Եеĵ·СӾ߶Զ
ֹǼӢۣһ̣ٴܶڹսһս֮׵ﵽ۷壬Ǹס
ϼڣϷҲŷڵľϷպǿֲܸоĳ̺ǿֵĶô
΢΢һЦ˵СӳСսٴΣʥ֮½޵Уͷİɡ
ʥ֮޵У
Ϸ˫ĿһƬҫ۵Ϲ⣬¶ǿҵţһգҲܴﵽ
񷭸ۣһ˵ˣδҵĶء
ϷбۿõҪǲҲսһķڷ
԰ЦЦ´ܡ

С̸ʱԶսڣߴӰʱǸͨսǿߣҲɫ
׺ʮң˴˴ŶԷ
յȻһЦ˵ȷԳƵҵĶ֣Щ⣬Ҳ׿Խܱ֮ȵ㡭ҡ
һò˻Ȼ
ǿɫ̫԰ˣһǿǧˣѵ
ҵһɽϣһЦüĴ޾ǳ˸գٸҰʱ䣬㽫Ҳڽ¡
һЩû˵ʲôǶļȸ߰ˣνǷ߿һۣĿУΨԼ޵еġ
޵еֹ̬ӵУһͬӵС
׿ź°׷һգͬ΢΢һЦֹˣһսҺң
䣡
յͷͻȻһ֮ϢɽХĿɲǼȵǾһսɣ
ս
׳Хڷ֡
أ
ͷޣҵײһ𣬸һ֣ͷ·Զսһ
ײָ罣һգնա
׶ڸ𽣾ƵԽȻֻһСգȴٴУŶԴ
ˢ
һ飬ֱӴյĲӡ
յָָƼһһ⣬ԶըһƬա
˽߾ܣʩչͨһʱ֪սķΧͲԶսһƬǽ塣
ÿֲĽŽóӲ壬һͨЧ
˲ǹֲսˮƽ൱ҹʱÿÿԤϣóս֮
µС
һ̣˶ڰ̾ǿһ˫ƶɫһ¶֮ɫ
Ǭ֣ѧ֮ͨһҲ֪ʲôزˡ
䣡
ɫ̽һɫĴɽѹЯǿյͬΧһɫ
׶ʱо޾ѹϯһһθеļµѹԷûʩչʥ֮ǿľ
ӡ
ĿһȫѪĵһǷӡӭȥ
䣡
ͨҵĶײһ𣬵һƬƬǿµõɽʯԷ飬һɽֽƵıϸۡ
ۣ
һѪɳȥͬҲһҡҲܵСĳ
ֹסΣֶ˹ȥٴζײһ
һսûɱ⣬ս߰Ҳ뿴ԷսΣ
˿õսľ콾ɫǰܣһִܸС
콾ͬһʱǺεȱ顣
ȻǿҲֵܵĶ֡Ϸ̾һĿһƬâֵľ֣Ҳܸ˷ܰ
ôֻؿս档
ģСӵʵнˣҺʱѹյŶͷŴص֮ǲҪȥ̿һ
ն
գȫѪһ⣬âѹǿգֱա
ɽӣ
֣ͬɫĴֻûһ嫵Ļ棬ǳҲл㣬޾ħŭ紴һ㡣
ҵĶԿһ
¡¡
ɽţر飬һƬƬջ羰ɽ飬γһ޴Ĺ֡
ȫͣ֡
ʹ죡
ʹ죬ϣսԪһԸʹһսպشЦĳȴͬ
һģҲЦ
һ콾սĻҲù˽⵽ŽĿ£ͬʱҲ콾˵ġ
ͬһǺܱ
ô޷ӮգСôصϼ󣬼ͼæʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ڹƽս£ûб֤սʤҲûаջҡ
ѽջͦģֶһ֡


538 
һս¾
һսѸٲǣ־ʶһе޴ѹ
˾֮壬Ԫ죬һпǿߡ
ȻûдﵽԪ츳ֲǿԪ½޵Уܵ
ңŶʮ꣬˵ǰ޹˵Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ƽʻᰡ
ʢ٣ƺܿõĽЩ⣬Ѫսĳ
콾̨ҵȴӡ
Щ콾ͬһƬǿ£֮Ҳ˵һЩˡ
̾ϢвͬȻҲо콾˿׺յơ
޵У
һ̣Ǹط콾ɢ߰ս⣬ƺڲս

׺ͼҴգһ׼ʥ
ڵĻۣԼԴĸʮͻʥΪµһλܡ
ιվҪ뿪ѽһͤڣЦȻ㣬¶ɰľѡ
ã᲻ôЦ
ˣǶò˧ҲŲϲء
ǻ˧С֣µڼΪµһ˧磬˭ܱҸ˧
ЦǶһˣŶĵһеĳƺţǿ˵
׺ϷãȻҡͷ
Ʋ죬мˣһûʲôȤ
ǶĵһУһǶǮˣľ۱ڣκҪĶ
΢΢һЦʵеˣѵŵΤ
ԭСӣҵҲ˵Ŷŵ֪˶ٹġ
ߵѧ˵Ļҵˡ
ЦСᣬôͿʼˣ
׷żһ׷򣬹˺ôһصλϣ΢Цʵι
Ҳ֪ڻĹʱҲоǿߣֻһֻ֤ۣﲻ۾磬ҲûгΪĹңٽݾûĹҶ鱨֯
ֵ˼λѰʦ鱨ϵͳϣµı
Щ꣬ڰв֪ٿ˶Ϊǰ£˵ûгΪĹңȴ쳯
׺Ц˵ģǶⱾŷʼĩĲ˼ɵʵ
һЦֵȻȣȻȲϵģºܹ۾۱ɽׯѵûȤ𣿡
еºЩЦʵ
ġһǿߣ֮СһЦ

ЦӵǺôǣѵǾͻȥףģôû
˭˵ûУѾ͵ҡϷƵó
ţ
ţȻҲϷġ͸ǡ
̾һ鱨ϵͳȻǿ󣬾Ȼ߶Ѿ֪
գ˫ۣЦҪ˵δţⶫŲ֪顣
ǰյĶҲ֪𣿡Цʵ
Ƕ֪ˣοšû
װеЦʣóǴȥ۱ɽׯ
ĿһæͷѽﶼҪˣȥǴȥһ˰ɡ
վҪˣ˵Ǿ۱ɽׯʲôġ
ģģ
æ˵ΤҪٰ춫ǧʢ䣬콾ˣȫӦ
˶ݡ
ǧʢ䣬Сӿܴ󰡡
Ǻܴ󣬵ҲʵһչΪʧ䣬ʲݴ
ȻʧЦ˵һ˵͵ķɡ
ǾʹȥҲѾȥˣֻҲԸǰ
һڲ裬ʵСӣأ
ЦЦȻǶǧʢ䣬ԵҪȥһ˲õ
̫ˣһ߸ߡ

ģػ͹ųǡ
ųƫһ޴ׯ԰һ޴Ŀ¥ͤǧɸߣʮ޴ʯ֧ţԶȥ𺳡
¥ͤڣԽػ͹ųǾ۵ס
ʱͤڣһλ信ʵȻվţĿ࣬·ˣΪĵһвΪ
ΪѰǿʣϣǼܶɡ
Τ΢΢һЦžķɡ


539 Ȫʼħ
ڶһ磬ȥչ棬ϣ˿ԴԼȥͲסСôֻȥһˡ
ŶʦҲҪȥػ͹ųһ⣿չЦЦ̶ͷȥһҲػ͹ų콾Ƽǽһȥˡ
ЦΤĺ
Ż˿ֲĲƸҼȻҪٿһᣬȻǰ
Τô
չ΢Ƭ̣˵ɲ⣬ŵ൱Ŀ£ΤȻԣȴ֮ܳΪĶ֡
΢΢һЦܼһǿǿߣҲǰҲģԵ
ţһԱȻǷĵġ

˷ʢһ˱봫̨ǰػ͹ųǡ
ػ͹ųǣҲǶϵĳǳ֮һ
ߺչȥݼ
ªڣϻͲλҲڡ
λǰչ湧
ϻͲຬЦͷЦĸСһѾ˰ɣǺǣǽ廹ҳԾ
ϻҲһ̾һλпܻʶĴڰȻڻףǱ޴÷ҲǽһԵ
չһݣû뵽ɽĴ߶ôףѵ˵Žô£
Ϊ̫ˣһղԪǱҲá൭һЦɵŽ壬ȷʵ¡
λ߶ΪȻ
ǴмϣҲأǴɵŽͨ۲޲ͬܺɨ硣
λһᣬϻͲˣػɽͣ͵ɽ⡣
չ棬һ·бŲ򵥡ĿϻͲ뿪֮ЦЦ
ѵŻҶǳ֣
ű󣬿վȻﰡҲż֪ǵءҡͷԸ˵
չɫһĬĬصͷ

䣡
һʱ֮
̨У߳ӳǰһΡ롢ĹšĹųǡ
ڿԳˣĿʡ㵸糾ӡ
׵ػ͹ųؾŨҲ޷ᲢۣС˵ѻˮƽǲ
ˢˢ
ܲд̨򿪣һλλǿ߳һ嶷ţޱȵǿ
ػ͹ųǵģǸɵ֮ӣޱ飬Ǽŵı֣Ҳ˿ɢǿϢĿ⿴ܣˡ
䣡
һħͻȻգһ̨ը߳ʮˡ
ǽħħƺ۳һͷͷħǿµϢǵأûһ˿ء
ݵĻȪʼħڣЩħɵ콾ҲˡΧɫ΢䣬ȻԶǡ
࣬Ҳа֣֮ĹȻڼ䣬ҲлĹһЩħɽá
ȪʼħڱݵĶɣ벽Ĺң˼ɣҪԶʮš
ħʮϢǿᣬĿΪ׵һλ信ֻ꣬аһ˫ͫ·׵Ԩ˲ֱӡ
ƺһħһƬħչɲǼмĶСһӡ
˿־壬֮棬Ͻ뿪ػ͹ųǷȥ
ħǧаħħݺᣬ
ˢ
һƬħ׵ˡ
Ŀһδ֣Ϸȹˣһƴһҫۣ˲Ŀ

ֱûһƬħһ̶ԭȥ˶פˣ֪кϷɿ
ߣ
ħˣߡ
ʮԳһƬħȫ¶ɱ˺ȵôĵӣҶҵȳ֡
ʱ̲סˣѵǹʺǶ֣


ݡ
ٿȻ䣬ħ˳֣Ϻ۷յϯħֳɫľ䷱ï֦

Ϸڣһϻ𣬻ĶСħȫ֣ңյ֦ɻҡ

˺Ȼֻ֣ɫƴסһƬա
²ɵɽս൱£ķɳԣֱײֻɫơ

ѸٷըһƬյʱ
ϷХȫ޾⣬ֱɱ˹ȥһն۷壬ֱһѣһѪ
ʲô
⵽ʲôˣһƾȻһλȪʼħڵĵӡ
һ
ߣ
Ϊ׵ĿɲǼʱͻȻвһɾ޴ΣУɲǼ俴΢Цס


540 ɨ
񣬳аĿ磬ֱĺڹ⿴޴Σеס
΢΢һЦƼһݺᣬһ೤ȴһּµͷ
Ŀһɫü
һϷսˣٴնһˣħ˱ˣȫ¶ɫ
˭ħ꿪ڣħǧħŭһɺɫĲ˼񷡣
˭һսǶ𣿡Ŀƣߵ
䣡
ħŭˣһħһӾ籡·һµ˺ˡ
һ޴ħգضħǧ֦һͷͷħ񣬸
Ԫʼħô
΢΢һЦĵĽһХһɺ嫡ĽԨһ㡣
໣
ֱնе֦콣⻯Ľɨȥ
ʲô
ĽȻܽԪʼħն顣
굽˭Ȼǹһľ콾ĶֿǻȪʼħڵĺࡣ
ࣿ˵һĸ֣ħصǿߣħǿĺʥӡ
˾䣬ԼҲȻһȵݸң
䣡
ħʮ˷׷׵ͷһɹħͷХעһͨԪʼħ֮ϡ

ǿߵһԪʼħȻɫâҶڶ͵һֻֻħ
ÿһͷħаɣħ
ɲǼ䣬ͷħס
䣡
糤Ƶնȥһͷͷħֽмķ飬ݺ£ս顣
䣡
ǰһߣһȭ͵ػӳ
ӡɽţ
һȭһضȻݵĸоһȭеħȻݺݵһԪʼħϡ
飡
˲ŵؿǰһĻԪʼħҵĲžȻֱ飬ڹɢ
ۣ
ħʮˣԵɳȥͬڶˣǺ׵壬һͱ塣
Уվпź˱ɣɫһ˿仯ҲֻЦЦ
߰ɣ
Ťͷ˵
ϷĴָ
̬񲻷޵

ѾԶҪ̤ػ͹ųǵʱܲųһ¶֮ɫ
˵˭ôоԶԸȫˣ
ս£Թµ֮һ֣Ǻߵˡ
̫ˣһúˣֱޣ²ɵѪʢľ
ߣǺҲڣǿ֪˭ǹǽʮֲŽ壡
ʲô
ʲôǾŽ壿
˻
һ˿׵ıӰɫͱˣôһλﶼˣζػ͹ųǶȻ콾ƼϷ
Զд̨򿪣һλϽǹˣЦЦһ䣺սζﲻǰһսϲ
һʧˡ
вϳλϽǹ˵ݣɫȴҲҶʲô
󲻾ãһλλ̵½˶ػ͹ųǡ
콾Ƽ
Ƽʻᡣ
аĬĬͳţܳƵĸ֣˲ʮλϹǿߣǧλ
һķ籩ȻŶػ͹ųǡ

ػ͹ųǼΪһҾ¥ס£Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҪһԺ
ղԼ˼СҲˡԺӵͤڣ΢΢һüͷ
ţ콾ƼλøȻʼį΢΢һЦȤҪҪ
˰ɡ񷭸ۣûǼҼλүүҲͦϲҺ֮£ͱˡ
ιǲҪڿջòãò׳һΣȥ۱ɣöġΪá
ˣ˯׺ͼ񼸺ͬʱ˵
ϷĿɿڴؿˣͻЦǷ磬ȥ¡
ϷΣҲؾ塣
ʲôȥ֣ˡһЦ
ϷûɫƺЩΡ
ôߣü
ɿԿ꣬Щ˼ûǮ
УǮȲϷһ̾ܳջ
ô㻹Ҫ˯ߣϾӣ޸ղŵή֮ɫ
ЦЦҡͷתתϻ
Ҳȥתһתͷ˵ֿ뿪Ժӡ


541 ϵʿ
ųǧؾ棬֯ǿʿȱȽǣֶԿǿʿҡ
״ŵɫڷ磬һλ
λС磬ƶг֮޳֮԰շλɰ࣬ΪңڵˣԸϰ
䲻ģһŵ۵סףһϮֳַۣһԡĸоɼԺɹ籡˿ʵ
ܵ˼ֲ֣ųҡײƭĵʿǣЩǳԵ֮ͨϣƭһӸ磬°뱲ӾͲԴˡ
΢΢һ漴۾΢΢һУʱǰ߾һƭӡ
ϵʿһʣΪѰҲ޷֪
𾪵ǣϵʿһĵۣҲǷƷ
ͷݳްǺ֮ɵİɣӵżǿķʥɡЦЦ
ϵʿȻͷߣģײаˣȻһʶġ
ߡӰһסϵʿЦ˵ǰҪҳ֮ôԸϰ
ϵʿۣһƦƵģղɷǵʶʱʧƵضףСӣƭ㣬׬Ǯ
Ǹƭӣƭǧ裡
ͻȻԶһʮϢǿ˷һɫߣɱֱ
ˣ
ϵʿɫ΢䣬֪ʩչʲôһ̾ʧӰ١
΢΢һЦſڶʮ꣬ĿͻȻһ˿⡣
ʮˣȻǳĵӡ
СӣЩϵһԵϵʿŵļ䡣
һݡ
鴫Ϣûо죬ֻ˵ϵʿʵԿ£пһλʥߡ
Ϸ糾ĴôԵҲ΢΢һЦͻȻɵУѪͷųһ޵סǳˡ
ػ͹ųǵղֹսֻҪΣͨ˵ųǵִײ֡
ױ˫֣һ֮ǳʮǿߡ
壡
ǳ׿νͬˮмǿ߶ʱϳ׵ݣһɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
ǳ֪׾жô£ڻɽʮ벽Ԫǿ߾䣬ֱǳ߲㣬ŭҪԸɱס
һֱңǳʼûа취֣ûãֳڶػ͹ųǡ
ףȻҳڶػ͹ųǣǵʥӼأɣȣϵľȴزס
ϴι͵ϮңվջһЩϢ΢΢һЦһƬɫһкȥ
٣ϸȥǧںϳһƬ貵ĽֱûȺһǿߡ
䣡
ݣǿµϯ˷˲Ŀ
ǿ΢üͷһɽȻȻ֪ŽȻǿ󵽱̬
ۣ
ۣ
һӰӸ߿׹䣬ȫѪ«Ƶģȫ²֪ٵУмϸ˿ۼͻˡ
ǹս˶һٿħӰжһ޿ƥеͷ
ǾŽô˵ǳоԹȻǿƵһͿɱˣ̫ˡ
壬˫Ϊ˵ģЩ겻֪˶ˣǻĺ󣿶ΪԽĿ¡
η壬һǰϵʿ̾
٣ǵŰɣǳưոݵģǵʥӼأҲһλǿƵ𣬷ǳĿֲ
˶ۣĬĬţҲв¶ЦΪʵڹţĿҪùˡ
Сӣܲϵ˾һˣ㲻øлңⶼӦġļ䣬ϵʿϷʵ
ɫһڣӰһξʧڰС

ʮ￪⡣
һӵľ¥㣬һϵʿһɽ亣ζԵͣƺӦʲô
ЦЦſ߽˵ǰ̫ˣɱˣȴԺȡ
ϵɫƣߵҿûɱˣǳԭްɡ
΢΢һЦȻһԣ΢Цǰǧټҵע⣬ʲô£
ģС黫ƹҪƭĲסϵʿɫһڣ㬺һ
ЦЦ
һǾ仰׷ϷһԵϵʿԱ֮󣬳׹һЦƾʧ
ģҸˣ
㬵һһӣͬӰһʧ١
ʱ֮󣬹ųǧ֮⣬һͺͺɽϣϵʿһ
ϣСϵʿ棬׻һ׷ϵʿһЦ


542 ɲ
ͺͺɽϣ׺ϵʿϯض
΢Цʵǰǧټҵע⣬һ̰ɣ
ϵʿЦеСĺܴϵ봫㳤֮޳ɴɽ壬㲻Ķ𣿡
۾΢΢һУ΢ЦǰѾ֪˭ˣǰʲô黹ǿڰɡ
ϵʿһЦаָ˵ģһ⻬׵Ŀʱһݡ
ǣ
ɫ䣬ǳĳԾ
ϵʿƯƴСĽͼоȻѪڽɣɢصĹ
ˢ
ϵʿѪڽо
СһӦҲѪڽɣϷе飬һıͼ
׳ĬƬ̣ͷʵǰ˼빲ͬѰ
ȻˣС̫ˣΪĿѪڽϷ֪˶꣬˭ϵоȻ顣
۾΢Цʵǰ֪ⱦͼô
Ī⣬һ˵ķĹϵųɵİأϵҪ˵һԵⲢǼٵġ
ϵʿѵׯһλǿߡ
ˣ
ײ㱻ѵ˲ɣҲǳé®Ĳ֪أ̫žɽ磬ɽģǷˣ˭Ҳûжۡ
Ȼ޵˻ģµҲһգ˵ֻзɽ
ǰϵɣ
ϵʿĬˣðβ΢΢˫ۣ̾ϢǷɣҲ޷ش㣬֪ⱦͼͷܴпһλ˵ĹأǽҪھģһĹ
ǰ䣿ȻҪȻҲҪ˽Ŀһʵ

ϵʿЦһգۣϷĺûʲô䣬㺰һǰԿ
㬵ؿ϶Ȼ뱩¶ԼݣӵѪڽͼҲһˡ
Ȼ޷ͷʵҲоͷĲҲһλʥߡ
ǰô
ʹ졣
ϵʿЦЦ֮Ǳǰɲ֮أ԰֣Σ
ǰͨҪڰ·ɱңһᶼûУ˵ɲ֮رȻΣأһͬǰ
˿ԣܸšϵʿһ֡
Ϊʲô
СӴѽǼҵӣϲ֪жٵǿµӡǣϷȻͨҲＧҡ
ԥƬ̣ͷá
Ҫ˭˵ãؿƿģҶ֮ݡϵʿ֣ظ롣
̫һĴʦ֣Լҵһλͽ˼Ƭ̣˵
ͷСţ⵹ǿԣʵǿպϡϵʿȻ֪һЦЩʱԻȥ㣬СҪ尡ɱŶ
ϵʿЦĺǷᣬһӾͲˣ׶һڹͺͺɽۡ
ͷ˭
۾Ƭ漴ˣǺ龳ǿҲ˵Ѿ޵УּλصǿҲ֮С
ң׶ϵʿĸйٲ
ϵʿɲأȫԳᣬ׶ȫĵֻ̣־ܡ
ֻڻСϵʿȻȫļҵҲֲ˵һָ
ʢ֮ұ㷵̫ɽϵʿŰɣаʦָ棬ȫӦްĿ΢뿪
ţ
ͻȻƾһɲͷ
䣡
ţһħɨ˷һֻźɫָ͸ſµܣضڱסˡ
ħŭշ·һϵħָӲ䣬ħ֣µա
һָȥѣ
ɫĹâûأնһƬҰɽʯɽʯ˷ס

أ
һ쳹أɫĽ⻯һƬ޾ǿµħָӭȥ
䣡
˺صײôضڲձѿһѷ죬ڵɽԷ顣
Ȼһǿħǧɡ
ŽȻ鴫ŲֽţһڹųǵĶԽ㡣Զգ¡¡
ȪʼħڵʦôĳˡһƬϣĿɢ貵ĹâһħӰųǡ
һλУ
΢΢۾ֵӦþǻȪʼħڵʥӣһλ̤ʥǿߡ
벽ԪʿҲնɱ˲٣ôǿģ١
λȪʼħڵʥӵսѾӽǰڳʱĽˣԿһλС
ˢ
׽ŲӡҲԷعųǡ


543 ǹ
ųڷɣǧ֮սδȻعųǣɫ粻
ϵʿ˵ʢɱԼΪȻЩύѣǵˡ
˵Ĵб鲼Ǹأÿһ˶Ǽֲ֮ҺµҲܶࡣ
ֹӰɣ׸һҲ¥£һλŲ׵˾Ц˳฻̬ϴº͵Ц⣬һλƵġ
ţǣƣԷ¡
ֹӣɽׯĹټң뺯ǹסɽׯ׼μյʢ䡣΢Ц
һϹϾصݸףȻϡɣʾŸɵйĲ
ãлЦЦ
;͸ˣͻм뺯ҪʹЦЦò뿪ˡ
װе¶ŹֵЦ⣬Τһã治»ᷢͻ
ǡǾϣģ
λδ棬ͿԽ·ƵеǺúܣһԷʲôˡ
¥ܰ׸º裬ȻƺоʲôĿͳſڿȥ
¥ڣһʮ껺һϽɫĳǹƫݣһϽɫĳǹԲκע⡣
Ŀȴ΢΢һ
ϡоصǿһܻɽգԼ
ĿºͣҲоͻȻͳ׿ȥ
һɲɢһɼΣյĸоһͷԶ޶һ㣬ëֱ
ϲײ޶⣬Ҳ¶õ΢Ц
֡꿪ڣ
Ҳ񣺡֡һЦֵһºȱ裿
ðմһܣЩڿءЦЦз̵ĵСϺò衣
׻֣СʶȤ뿪
Ҽ֡һڲ裬ȻЦǺǵ
Ŷ
ЦЦļң
ǰ붫ҵһսͨĦһսֽƽʦء꿪ڵ
ȻһսȷĦˣʸĦһսģڹǾԿƴɣҲһɡ
Ҳ֪
ҽжҹݣҲֽ֪ףµŽ壬㽻ˡЦЦϡ
٣
ɽأȻ
ֲ꿴ȥᣬȴԼôѹȸУԭҵӣȻͬ졣
ңݵĻĹң۾ʮ겻ƹϡӴļ֮һ
궫ʼڰһ·߸ΪۣѹԶ岻Ϊ
꿴㣬ʵĸ㣬׶ĸйٲǰʢˣȴһ۵ȡ
ֵһѡ
ֲҵӣҽԨԴԲƣһ
ҹæһԿִ磬ôƺңҽ껹ʮ껹ûɡ

ױʱһ
٣ֵŰȻһᣬΪʹﵽڰˣĳ簡
һһҹһﻹţǶҹСӣ;ȻôС
ҹٺһЦҳʱͨٶȾԿһЩ
㬵
Ͱͨ˵ճǽɾ磬ЩĹҵĵ̫ˣһôߵ츳Щƽӻô
ҹƺױ鲻ƣʱЩ˼ִֵģԺ󲻻ġ
ĥߵСӣ᲻˵
ҹһϲô֪Ҳ˽ٳǰ̹һ仰˵ʲô˵òԵĵط仰һ¡
׺棬ʵʲô
ҹԽɬ仰ǣ˲ô˵ʲôĵطҰ
ҿ
һȲȥ˶ҹһ
Ӷ⣬Ե⡣
ִ磬ҵȻܣҼܵĳ棬ҾڻĶءҹ
ҪˣȻһ꣬ƫƫսôߣδټСִƣΪټҵδеǡ
Сӣ

ʱ¥ӿһȺˣȫɷŵǹм˸̤ĵ·ǽɾ硣
׵ʣЩˣ
ҹҲС㲻ϵҼЩ۸С̲סɱ˼ˣЩ治ʶȤȻ𡣡
¥˼һȺӿ׷ŵ뿪ˣʣûȥĶʿмϸ¶ͷ֮ɫ
ҿСӡһ󺺴Уſͳ˹


544 Ϊ
Ƭ̺Ⱥ赶Ūǹоͱ׺Ͷҹʰˣ˳ֶ൱飬е˴󲿷ˡ
ˣ˶ӥģ˵ӥǾ塣һ˫ȱϵĴɫݺݵضǡ
׺ͶҹȻǺεһҲûǵĶ֣վȻᱻСв
ֵܣǵˡЦЦ
ҹ̧һӣһ̴ԴҲƵӥʲôɣôû˵
ӥڹųǱĶ˵һЩɽãҪСˡйųǵʿȰ
΢΢һЦӥȻǶΪû˽֮
̸ףӥۺǿƣڹų֪꣬˶Ůӡ
ţ
׺Ͷҹ΢΢һüͷ
˵ӥ˿ڣ˵һɵľݵ㣬ŶԸǣรɡ
׺ͶҹЦЦ
ǵĵºܶ࣬ӥûʸ񣬲Ȼǣɴˡ
ʵ֣ӥܲģ
ϳһƬռĶׯ԰ӥܲʿһۣʧЦǲҪʿɣȰһϽ뿪ö
л
׺Ͷҹ뿪¥
ִ磬ȥһӥΣȷ˼ĶۿǿŮҹзһ˿ɱ
׾ЦͷȻ£ȨΪˡ

ųһƬԲĶСׯ԰ͨնԾ̶Ѩס̫ˡ
ӥܲССԼǧˡ
׺Ͷҹɵߵׯ԰棬Ƭ̺ɫ࣬¶֮ɫ
⻹Ǵ죬ŮӱһȺȺ̧ׯ԰ŮӶ¶֮ɫȴҿ޺ƺӥηúܡ
ǶеȻЦ˫ĿѾɱ
˿ڣ̲õ飬Ȼڹ˾ռߣȻͱֹ
˭
ʲôˣôӥ
˸ߵׯ԰ſڣʮȣһƿһ׺ݵĴ󺺷Ծ
ͣ
ͣ
ɫĮȻ飬һɨ˵Դ͵
ɺѪʱһء
ҹҲ൱ĺһȺʮ˵飬ǿϢ΢΢ס
λҵĵӣʵȻǿᡣ
ֱ߽֮ׯ԰Ǽ˾ɱĴ̼Ͷ
ʱаС
󵨣
ߣСôĵӣӥҲҵׯ԰һǿϢ
ҹ΢΢һЦ˵ִ趯֣ЩආСܶԸɡ
ãһЦ
ݣ
ʮʿδǻعһϽɫǹ㻮գ˺ǵ塣
̫һǹϵѪȾҹЩյһȻöԷʵ̫
䣡
ʱһͻ͵ĵƥһ㣬ɱϯ磬ֱ
ҹûʲôȤǹһ鵶⣬Ӱһԭʧһ̼ҽд
Ǽʿͬһ
Цŵͷ˵߰ɣ׽ǣҲ㲻ųһˡ
̤Ժľѻ
һɱתԲǧڻһƬ춼ǽ⡢âԼ͸Ŷİ
¡¡תȵʲô˵ðӥɱ⣬У
վҹҲֻһǹϽɫǹһӰ̼Ƶ
ʲô
ãĸ֣ȥ֡ׯ԰Ӱ㿣ӥںˣ֪˴֡
ָнƣ˿ߣɱ⣡

޴Ľ⻯һ޼᲻ݣֱ쵽ׯ԰˲䱻ɱвʿ
أ
䣡
޴ﲻׯ԰ƻ״һץŮץУȻתƵׯ԰档
λҿЦӥ͹ųǸˮˮôҵͽʹɱ֣
䣡
һɿµϢܣʥ
һλĿ޺ԶֲϢͷųɲǼնʼŤ
벽ԪôǿһսҹЦЦ
ݡ
ҹûзϻųǹӭȥҹҲչֳһλ콾Ӧеķɣսֲ˼㡣
ڰнսֱһƬƬգʮУҹǹͶ޺üģԷѣϾǰ벽Ԫһʱ֮仹ûж
ǡǺ쳾ڵĵӣǸҶҳ֣󺺸εѣ֪֮еĿ£԰벽ԪΪȻסԷʮС
ѵЩˣ󺺶ʱңսľæ̨


545 Ů
쳾ڣ
׺Ͷҹ΢΢һǶ֪׻й
ֻǺ쳾ô޹ӶŮӣŮ˰ѳ֣˵ɶ¯㷷˿ڣҲӦֻ˲Ŷԡ
Ǻ쳾ڵˣôڶֳЩ£΢üͷȵ
޺ѣд֪ǹǵ콾δػẦº쳾ڣæ˵ЩҲֻ֪Ƿ˶չÿһȥŮ
չ˭
⡭΢΢ԥһһ˸˫ȸȥѪĺܸߡ
˵˵
󺺴󺧣ޱʹ˵չӵĺ֪ҲӥĻƿߡ
Τ
׺Ͷҹһݣȫüͷ
һССķ˿ڵСɣȻźͺ쳾йϵ˶еһ˿˼顣
˵öģţҿԴȥ˵Ψֱɱ
á
˵ͷ
󣬴ׯ԰ַһĵصصڰ֪ͨδ
صֱͨɽׯÿһӶŮӾǴ͵ɽׯ˵ľ䶼滰󺺼ޱ飬ͷ϶ʱϸܵĺ飬ɫˡ
ִ磬ǲȥ̽һҹü͸ŭߵҵҪΤǲǼ֮
Ҫӳ顣׳˼Ƭ̣һָȥǴ󺺵ʱȥűӽָС
ҹΪʲôصͨɽׯǾͿԹΤ
Σ׵һЦ
ҹȻʾ
¶һĨЦݣ˵ʿʱں˵ģΤҲϴϾ벽ĹҵĽףóȻǣȥΪס
ҹŭƽȣǴڰ߹ģʲôʸ˵
ЦЦĶҹļ⡭ǵĲͬҲԹۣ۱˿ڵҲҪģӾͲɽׯ
ţһҹæͷĵֱܵõĽҲ֪Щףûǵ
궫ҵʼײİգůԶټĹغϸһǲΪ˼ա
ΤôɥĲȻ˵ŵһݵ㣬ҲҪŭնҹȡ
Ц˫Ŀ͸ɱΪ棬ҶִɱΪЩŮֻع
һǰһ뿪ӥҹһȭ޴ȭӰɽХһƬ籩ϯĶ
䣡
һ죬·ضڲ
Ϊӥ̳

ͬʱ
ɽׯǧյ¥̨ϣһһŮ˳༫信ʣΤŮ˴Ŵɫĳȫɢһ欵Ϣ˳С
˿źĵ¶̵ɱߵӥﱻˣǺ쳾ڵľݵ㱻ˡ
ţѾ֪Τ˫֣粻ȾĹӸ硣
˭ģŮӵȵĵϾɱķۺɫ
Τ΢üͷõʦãϵĶãð׷˼Ȼˡ
ŮһЦ˲εεʦΪβ˫أѵҲƯôİʦ֣ҴϵĹ
±ɶ¯Τ䵭
ʦ˵ЦˣͬͬԴôö֡ŮЦЦ٬żµջ
ΤһüͷʵЩҴӸӶ˽ŮѵŮԪҲûʦָô
Ҫָˣռ콾Ѫʦͻ᳹׸һͳǡ
һ㣬޷㣬Ȼüƽ콾۶ػ͹ųǣܶǳ֣ҶΣա
ʦַģЩ콾ҲѪյˣѵǺ쳾ھԻôŮ촽һ˼԰ε֮
εӥΪб£ȥԪʦ֮ɣһٽԪ
ŮĿһЦԭǸСԩңǿ׳֮˫ء
ΤһЦ
ʦ֣Ĳ볢һҵĴϹôŮһ󿩿Ц
պģٶʹȻ֮һе㡣Τüһɻɬµһš
û˼ʦþȥһ塣ŮЦһɫʧ


546 һ
ǧɸߵ¥̨ϣ棬ǰȥԸػ͹ųǣΤޱ飬ʵ¶п֮ɫ
պģΪʦ𿵸֪һʦʱҲ֮ʱ
Τ૵˰һ߾ȫѣ½ٵϣԸ⸶һС
ȻޱȳȣäĿĳݺ͡ŨŨİĽ֮ɫ

Ѫ
׺ͶҹصסĶԺϷѻˣֻ˵ıΪͬ
ˬ׻Цǽ⣬һָһЩףλ˧˭
Ϸ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣҸ˵Ů˹ǿֲᵽˡ
ôôһεŮ֣㻹ôãѵ
Ϸ̾ٴ
ЦЦ˵ΪһλѣλǶҹֵܣǶҵĵӡ
ֶԶҹ˵ǰŮλϷ֣ɽ
ҹһݣæ
ϷҲҽԨԴ˳ȵһˡ
Сӣ㿴˭ˡ洫ĴЦͬʱһϤϢɫһϲ
ֺþòҲһЦ㿴ͷֲ
ֵĹϵ൱ãȻЩ겻ˣȻڣ˿ͻȻǸ֡
µķ֣̤벽Ԫ磬Ƿǿĺʥ֮һпܳΪʥӡ
֡ЦЦҲܼ
һ׷ֱȺ߹콾˴˶ѺãһʹһƬ
ֻ֪Ž£֪Ҳ¡Ƿ֣ڳ֮ип֡
ҡҡɽҼϷңⶼǹɣЩôĹϵɼĲ
ȻĳҲ൱Ŀֲڶĵҡ
ҺͻɽȻҲҹԸ
Ƕյ̸Цһ󣬼Ŀһʵ
š˶ͷ
΢΢һЦĵλͲСЩѵļ֮ô
ػ͹ųҪľݵ㣬˭Ҳ֪˶̽һЦΤֵСҲΪ
£ȥɽׯԴͣôǮһܷʢඡ
һȺ콾ƿɽׯ
ݡ
ҹĶػ͹ųǣԽĹˣвʱһƿǧ˴˷һʱǿϢǵأһâҹա
ɽׯƻͨռؽǧĶһعݻ͸޲ԳױȵĲ
ţؾŨǧĶԲɽׯм͵ľ󡣡΢΢һЦ
ЦЦǮ
һȺ˽½ǿߴӿ£ȻؾصشӴŽ롣
ǵΤֻǳڶѣɽׯϿշУҲǵ˲ˡ
٣˼Ӵø첲һס
ɿ⣬ĸߴ콾֣УȫȲһ۾Ϳһһĸ֣һȺǸӦʲôͻȻҲߡ
û뵽Щ˻һˡҲһ֡
֮Ϊ˵Ҷ֡멣Լս񹬵뿪бͯҵͯСģڱҲìܡ
٣Ⱥ֮Ǵյһˣñӿ۽硣Ҳ㹻
Ҷּ˵ɫ
ͯС뼧Ħڱ󱻼õһֱͯСΪ衣
ԭǼҵӣЩ껹ûȻһֱ˻죬Ĺҵ涼㶪ˡͯС˵ܲĿ䡣
ģСô۾һɣ֣µϢ˲Ŀ
ҸΤһӣķ⼸Ҳ˽ˡͯСĲ壬ɫ䣬żס
΢΢һЦˣڵѾҵĶֹ֣㣬ͬǶǡ
һ˵ţͬʱ쿪ָ֣Ҷּˡ
ţ
裡
һ
׵ľٶɫ䣬е콾ҲѾϳݣŽ壬µ֮һ
û̹׵ǿƺͰԵһ紫һ㣬̫רˡ
Ҫָ֪ļҲǹ콾ÿһ˵ʵ൱£ȫǰ벽Ԫǿߡ
Ž壬֪㻹ûгΪͬɱ̫ˣҪ̫ˡһͻȻӿд


547 
䣡
һħǵأϢѹħһħӵ߳һ㡣
һӴӿн䣬ڷ٣˫۴űĹâħһħǧħŭ𣬶𣬽ٴεܶʼ
׵˲ɶһüͷ
ԭյ֣лֻǻܶԸҶֿˣҲɵһüͷ
ŶվȪʼħڵʥӣֲôšֻȻɫ൱䱸ܿóλħʥʵҪԼҪǿһߡ
վĿˣҶֵҺιأֻǿ߽ŵ̬
ͯСЦߵ˵ٺҲûãҳ񻹴Ӳκв壬Ҷҷ֪𣿡
ЦѪͷų콾𾪣λѲҪ֣
ߣһս
ϣĿˣͬµħʥҲûϣ·ֻǰè
Ⱥ콾ȫЦտ˵壬㲻ܻ뿪ģЩɲͬ
վ˵˭أŭ
վЦ߽ɽׯ
ҶЦЦؿһף̫ˣҶĳʬ޴档
㣬СҡͷȺˡ
ҶһȺҲЦɽׯ
ҡͷһֲ̾ߵΪĿĽ㣬һӻ鷳ˡ
ߵʲôһȺ߹ѣܺˡ
У
¶ӵĿ⣬ļҲ׷׽ɽׯ

һȺ콾̤һɢ͹âĴڣ֣֮һǧϯλֻʮϯλ
һЩǿߺʶȤֱϯλҲ֪ûʸЩ콾ۣһСǻᶪġ
ֱԾȥ䲻ȴ˺ȵ档
ſڣмλϢǿ˰أȫǰ벽ԪΪڶĶԳ֮Ϊ֡
һ΢üͷָȵ
׵˵ıʱ෴Ϸ¶ȱ֮ɫȵϢȺȵղ˵ʲô
ʿҲ΢΢һȻһ˶о˼飬ҶһȺҲȻ
Ȼг𣬵Ҳ׽Ⱥ˲ǣǾУһ˭ǵ
ƫƫôһƵȴڴ֮ͥ¸Ⱥɷǡ
˵Ѿͷ棬ˣʿӦڶػ͹ųˣһ仰˵֮ԼɫҲ΢΢ˡ
ƺıͶǹǵ콾һȺɷǡ
ˣˣ˶һŲֹǣͬվҶȺд콾Ҳ¶֮ɫ
Τ߹ѣҲǰţ̫֪˰ɣǿ϶Ҳ룬ҪԼѽȥ᲻Ҳ裿
䣡
Ƭ̺ϷȻ֣֮һֵĻмһմӡ˹ȥ
ĻǰɣҲҺǳ⣿
飡
Ϸͼͬʱ֣µϢᴩգ¶ȿ־֮ɫһϢĽ⡣
ߵļ־ԮŶ󺧣ΪһɺƺƵ޿ƥеɱסǡ
ĿƽƽڣΤأٲǸҲׯ԰
ֺͶҹȫЦԭͲ֮ȻΤ¸ˣһȺ̵ס
ʱϷɱкݺݻеϣλ벽Ԫʿֻƺһ㵹ɳȥѪǺɣĴŶײ÷顣
λҪ֣ҹܽ²ϣλּЦˡλŵڳˡ
ӰһʹӰֵλҵ¶Ǵ³ӣǵǸˡ
Τ棬ȷŮϲʵ˿͸˵ֻڰ죬ָһɲĸо
΢ɲüͷ
֪ΪΣʶؾ;ô˺Σգһ˺ܲϢӰΣҲ׷ٲ
ͷǿҡ
Ѱ֮״ûлɹԼĸоʹħʥվҲûиԼâ̱ͷ
ȻΤô˵ˣ¾ˡװڰ֣ĿһĨɫâ˸š
Τ΢΢һЦҲ׿˼ۣЦֵô˵Ҹмλ
ԭΪһϷûŶ면
ϷĿݺݶɱСٸҷϻҵ㡣
ɫ䣬Ҷһ֣ǺЦΤһ棬ղ
ΤЦЦҶѣαλǽ顣
˽µһξ֮Ѿ޷ֱǴѾ顣


548 ֱ
Իͣˮڵƻãռ䶼һȺ˷ɢţ˿ûӵ
ÿ඼վһλòĹƣǵ裬ǡô崺硣
ΤٱƣȺ콾Ҳӣλ湫
ЩվǱģһЩõõı¶ǺͯСľЦ˵Τ֣ʱУ
Τ¾ƱͻȻ¶һֵЦݣЦƺżֹԵ֮ɫ
Ǹӣô˵ҲҪдøλ֡ΤЦ棬ֻЦȴһ˿˵ζ
վһüͷڵҹҵȼȻˣԼɣһ£󲻵á
콾Ҳ׷׿ڣҪΤ;ᣬԭǾǱģۼ
Τֻ΢Ц˵
һȺ콾ɫʱ
ٿȻ
ɫһ䣬ͬҲƺʲôɵһüͷȻɲǼ䣬а콾ɫһ䣬Ȼ
ã
۾һУг
ռתƣׯ԰˲һİڣѾǶػ͹ųǣһС硣ɫѿΤ
콾ҲӦһǿᡢ¡ֲϢվߵΤڸʲôã

䣡
ΤЦͻȻͷųһɻɬ䡢ŰϢޱȵǿһΪڽȻ˲ڣﵽԪһ졣
˻
ͬһǧˣȫһ
˭ҲûϵƹӾȻһλʥֱ̫˼ˣƽΤ͵˭ϵȻһλľ콾
λѣֺ֮֮αżأΤ΢ЦֻĿ䣬˸ıóѵζ
أ
ͻȻ׳֣һȭӡ˴һǽǽȻǻɵգһȭĻӳʼ飬ޡ
˿ͷɵգһһ¿ٲõС磬ûȫ͡
ΤҪʲôֳȵ
ΤЦţòʼ췭ظı仯ɲǼһ̷꣬аЦݣµĲεš
㲻Τ㵽˭ٲ־ʧ֮⣬׾콾򶨡
ǶһսѾޱȣȻǰǳĹŹ֣Ҳǿ־塣
Щ𣬲֪˶ĥѣһ߶йöΣȻԷһλʥûϡ
²κηЩ콾һ֣ܻɱλðΤʥߡ
ҵ΢λּʶ㣬ӦʶҵʦɡðΤĺңңһָһĻС
һλɫǵŮӣֻüаͷȻҲɫģƽֹŹ֡
̷ħŮ׿ѣħŮδ𣿡ͻȻ˾Ȼ
콾üͷ΢΢һиϻ߻ܲ³һС
һеԭίλ̷ħŮ׿ѡ
߰ǰһλŮħͷǺ쳾ڵӣΪΪݴһΪžףڹĴ
׿ƺһŴ֮ͨȺ쳾ڵŮӻҪ̶̰мʮλǿ߱˾ԪвĹҵǿߡ
ʱ׿ѼҪ龳޵йǣֻĴڶԸǲСвǶ˶ԡ
׿ѾڶģҡԼ쳯λ֣⽫֮ɱ
мλֲµĲҵʦһƲлǧ࣬һλŮӼںϣֻҪ˸λľԪϸһ̤龳
һǧ˵ȫɫĿⲻƵضżðΤʥߡ
λҲüǺΤѱҶᣬﱻ֮ΪЫߡ
㻹ǴֱʣȻҿɱǣվĮһЦмɱңʸô
ԡЫЦ
䣡
ЫֹЦݣϵĺɫһնһĶڷɳ޾
Ыӡ֩롢ܡӦоС
ԭ걳壬ͶԶѪڣĹѾȥǾȻûġȵ
Ы΢ЦǷҵӣ۽ȷѪʮ֮꣬ͻ½ٹǣ򡣡
ģ˵˭ᰡЩҲԸǣ˵Ρ멶¶мЦݡ
ЫߴЦһӣ޾ĶϯԲǧﶼЩ棬޾
뿪˵ô
෴ײûеģɫ൱صشʵ
ѰյĳڣʱںѳȥǸҼռҹʱĥͷ
ֻӦսˡüûô򵥣ǶЫ߼ȻǣȻ׼ĺ׵


549 ͭ׻
˻˻˻˻
һȫɣᣬͨںڣһڹʱ䶾磬綾ζһʿɥ
ѪڵħޣЩѾӽΪˡɫأȻЩ沢£˼Ҳûд⡣
䣡
Ķһǧ콾ȫˡ
üһңնȥ֪жٶֱӻɫ
Ϸ΢΢һЦԸЩӡ
΢ЦЩ»зֳ֣Ǿɶˡ
ϷЦЦصǰ׿¶һ˿Ц⣬õĽɽҵܽΪ׼ˡ
ˣ
ϷɢһʯˣһͨȼŻĴ󶦳֣ͷϡ
󶦵һתɲǼȻǧɴ󣬻淭䲻֪ٶ滯Ϊҽ
ϻڣ
ϷһǻֱӵŷɳڵĻ籼ٲֱк
ΧǧֱӱһƬ𺣡
ǶٶҲܽӽǧ֮ڣǶҲ޷ͻ޾Ļ𺣡
ΧҲʩ죬ס˶Ĺ
׶Ҷ൱Ϥδ⣬Ŀ⴩տǻȪʼħڵʥվ
վǾ콾ʵ֮ǿ˾̾
˫ָͲһ޾ħԽӳȥֱɢǧɵķΧ
ǧɸû˸ҽӽ
һͷͷħŭŵħһ㣬ǿޱȣһħ羵ˮƵĴУħһۿȥη·Լħһ㡣
ħݺ䣬֪ٶ汻ħħĶתͷʼĶ档
ֹվһˡ
һλò꣬סվЩͷɵͬԵúۡ
Ȼ꣬ǿҵĽġ
Ϊǳˡ
̧־һ˸ĪĹݺǧɳһĶ档
֣Ǿǳʥ޷壬ǳޣҪСĴˣĻ˫ֳ
ЦЦûʲô
ż˽̸䣬ⳡգʵνսӽβ޾溣Щ콾Ķ֡
ˢ
ԶΤٴȻںɫڣŽĳ溣¶Цݣ治ʼԴǵ콾ս
ЫѪڵԽԽˣѵΪҵȲ֪Ѫڶĵַô
һλͨ꿪ڣŴϣϵƽڽʵǣòҲ췭ظı仯
յ֣
֣
һҲûϵҲˣҲһƬС֮ڡ
Ыɫ˲Ҳûϵλһǿ߾ȻҲˣʵյΪȫԱܹⳡѡ
㲻Τֻ֪û뵽ʧѪ֣⵹ǳҵԤϡ
Ƶƥʥ޿ƥУԪչ¶ţȻĮȻȴ͸һΨҶơ
⣡
Ƕһǿߵķ緶
ô֪ҲΤ
ղδش⣬΢΢Ƭ̣ԭĺ쳾ھѪڰڹǵľݵ㣬ͻɺ쳾ڵġ徭·ԭԴѪڵġص䡯
һ˵ţͻȻһָǧ֮λ콾ͻȻ¶ȿ־֮ɫȫ壬һŮС
Ůɫ󺧣һЫǱߡ
ž
һֻɫֱӽĳɷ顣
Ǭ֣ЫߵɫԽһξ鿪ʼ֣ûƿ֮С
һɱպģɫȻȻڵôֱʣùһľȥѪڵǿߣ㱳λǿܹˣսɣ
գƾһ˿ܲµôࡣЫǳЦȻ¶֮ɫȵΣ龳ǿ٣Ǳɰ
üʲôû˵
ҲСĸ˴ⶾЫȻôӦ̣ܷսҵȱزֿܷ
š˷׷׵ͷ
䣡
˿̣һɹɻɬޱȿµϢЫϸ¶Ц⡣
һ£ƺʥ΢΢һߴľˡ
ͭ׻ޣԶʱŵķǵõˣü

һǧɵĻ޳ڶЫЦʵǻѪУ⼸ͷͭ׻޶൱һλʥߣգȻܶԸͷأ


550 ν콾
һͭ׻ɢſµϢÿһһλʥߣֲա
ڶЫͷ޾شţѹױȣʵбض𾪹ǡ
ɫδ䣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ֹͬ˶¶ЦݣЦݹŹдһ˿˵ζƺڳЦЫߡ
⣬ֶΣʵ
Ыߣͷͭ׻㹻׷ǣʱǵѪ⽫׸ҵʦ𡣡
γ𣬵֪ν콾ʲô˼𣿡һ̾
ЫȻյ˼
տЫߵɫԽ¶֮ͬɫһǧźĴ콾˵Ѫڣ¾ǻĹҲôΪͲ֪ǵĿ°
䣡
䣡
յ䣬һǿϢЩ콾չֳԼʵʵÿһ˶ôǿʱѹȺۣȻЩֻΪǡ
ǣ
ʹˣÿһ˵ʵСѪҲҪΪǵ³çޱȲصĴۡ
ͷͭ׻ôЫƾһЩɱǵ콾ֱ˵Ρ
Щһǿţϲ֪Ŷٵ̣ĹҲôˡ
۹ǣ˭ң
˭ң
ҲֻѪϢͨɣŸô³ç

ͬʱһʥ׳ÿһλ콾ͷЩɵͷŴʥ
ʥϢƺƵ޿ƥС
ЫߵɫʱòҰףѪɫȫޡ
ɱ
һǧ콾ȻɱȥΧһͭ׻ޣɱļңͨ
׵ֱͭ׻ޣһȺ˶ע뵽ʥ֮Уʥ·ɣͭ׻޵
ˢ
׳֣޾ĽƵĺȥͷɫ󶦣Ǵ󶦵һתֱײڻϣ޴Ļĺˣˡ
ϷеĻһף޾ֱûһͭ׻ޡ
ȻҲ콾ܶսޣվһӱǧħƵĳȥڻǰ·ɣƾսǿᣬҲס޾ħĹ
ոǿ£ǬһһޣͥвƵģһĳһͷ
ⳡսֻ˰ʱͷʥߵͭ׻ȫ飬һǧ콾һ

ǣ
ЫվԶøεѣͷͭ׻޽¶־֮ɫ
ܣôôѪ躹ô꣬Ҳû֡ЫߴУͷɢԵú
٣ѪԶ֮أôᶮ빥ռǣ콾ȡ
콾ЦһСҲסҵȣҼλѶƾǶյ˽⣬Ƕʱھͻƿ
ƲƲ죬һԶˣ߼
ն״ħĶЫߣѪλڹϵڣһЩͬӪһŴǣЩǻĹֻ֪ǲȥܶѣƫƫѰ·
ҵʧڶػ͹ųǣŶѾǣѪھ븲ԶˡģЫ¶ޱȿ־֮ɫ翴ƵĿЩˡ
֪ʼԴǵĿ£Ҳ֪Щ˵Ŀ¡

ͻȻңԶһϵһʮصϢһţŶЫͻȻ壬ȫѪ⻯һڹ뵽һδ֪ĵط
䣡
ͬʱһֻ޴ѪɫƴңԶЯնеϢ
콾Σһɱˣ
ޱ޼ʣ·Գһ磬˶Уǿֲѹ׵ɫ
Ͳȥ˵ʱǰӣĵ£еʥХӭǾ޴ޱȵѪɫơ
ˣ
ǰֳǹ
֡ϷҹͬһΪ׼ӳõļӳ֣׺ɾʮ
ÿһʸױȵΰ
ավȼ˶ʥʥڵŭ𣬷·Ѿȫһ㡣
һĻ𾪹ǡ
һ£ǧʥɳܼȫչһֻ޴ƣǱһ˿ֱ
䣡
ֹâ䣬վȻһֱӷ飬ȴĿ¡
꣡
С翪ʼȣȻڴѣҲ輧ȥҳˣղһֱӻƬС硣
ۣ
ۣ
ⳡս޿ɱ⻹ˡ
籩̫ң˺Ƶķ籩ϯԲǧһЩΪ콾ֱӱ˺
ֻɲǼ䣬˰ˡ


551 ս

һƬƬձһʥ콾ͷסĩպİ籩
׼Ȼల£Ȼǧʥǿֲײ˺أؼʱ̼ǹϼ֮סನ
һ߾飬Ҳ̾ȻǵסѪڣ콾ҲѪĴۡ
ⳡս֮С
ȻһӲпᣬҲӿֲսǲûп
޾ǿ֮УһɵѪɫ˻ջƣϢǿĲ˼飬ŨѪζǿա
Ϸ޷ʼԴǣֻ޾ϵһƣϧûЩ̵˽ܡ
̾ϢԶǳһŽһ飬޾۵ڣ·һƬѪ

ͻȻһɳĵâǿգǧǳ纣ֱն
䣡
Ϣþʮض˺˻ģϵ·𶼱һǵâС
ǧǳ˸⣬ڣǵ⻯һ磬ƶ
ߣң
ɸߵѪɫŭ龳ʿһŭһƣֱڵϡ
أ
ѪɫֱӵǧһſǳƬδ֪ϵھҵĲš
ž
ѪɫһɫӰأ˲֪ٿռֱӳ鵽Ѫɫϡ
Ѫ⣬ѪɫһģϿ
ΰӰǿ֮УҲʩչأȫɣһǰһѪɫ˰Χס
һֳ쵶˻ġ
һò߹ţ̬ϣͶɢſµϢޱУĮȻ
⣬ִߣ졣
죬ѪΪУѪɫ˫ĿѪɫĹֱӴһǳ
գѪڽг쿪ڣŲɵĿʼպĮȻ
ƾˣУ
Ѫɫŭ𣺡ϵȻҳ֣ɨǹϵ
㻹֪ǼĹҽ֣Ҫϵһ쵶档
֣αϻնɱϵֱӣЯɱ
ٺ٣
һЦһͬ֡
һսĺܿ죬˵Ѫɫ龳ǿߣֳֵ龳ǿߣȻС
龳ʿѾǲ𣬵ڵɱнڽڰˣ˽Ƭİ򼸺ֱĥǿߡ
֧ǿУֻˡ
ҡҡҵĵ֣Ѿϵ˰ɣ΢΢һЦĿ⿴

ЦЦ˵ϵҵȶԾһֻ棬û뵽ֻ浨ӻ󣬾Ȼǳ֡
һʧǿУ֣һȻϵԴᱻЩϹϷָɾˡ
ֻһЦӰһҲʧ
𾪡
һпսѰʿ֪飬ǿĹǣǿ֪ϵǧȫ
ʼԴǸĹֳֵɱһߵɱǧ鱻ɱһƬϵʧС
һսǿվ
ʵǿ£ǹϵڲ֪жپǿһ
ȻʹˣҲˡ
Ķʢɼһߡ
һս嶼ˣΨ壬ʼԴǣǿգʹԶЩǿҲֻ˱ᡣ

ͬʱ
ʼԴҲͬսɶɳǿɱ
Ҫźͺ쳾ڣֻĹϸеɱ⡣
׵ȻŹĥᣬǼڶŽ˲һٴս
ʥߣҺǼ˺ǹֱɱһԪǿߡ
£սĻ
źͺ쳾ӱɱ̵ĸҲ׷ӵ⣬ͼܻ
ȻǸһ֣Ȼ龳ǿҲ޷ߡ
һϵĴڣһλ龳ʿӵһδ֪ǿգӭľǵ
Ĺ֣û˿ߡ
ºźͺ쳾ڴͨ޹ģȻʿôпᣬ֪ж㣬Ϊɻҡ

ҪˣλԵپ֮ۡ׾򣬷ؽ𽣶졣
ҲҪرϷȴڶһСβͣҪһ
ҹҲҪݣǻټʱѾԺˡ


552 
һɽεز죬洦ɼףвʷ˫ؾŨɾ
ʱ꣬״ӶĻص𽣶죬ҲԼУսɽţһӰ
ִ磬Цţ˽׵ĻС
µĲ񻰵ҸЦݣЦִ磬ûŶ
ȻɵѾͷ΢΢һЦ§ס
⻹ࡣһЦ̫ˣҪٲҾҪȥˡ
ЦЦǣСѾͷֳ̫ɽȥ
˲ţλðľɫսԭ㲣СѾͷаЦݺƣɫһɨգʱȡ
һ·ӣȫ񣬴󲿷϶¶ǳɫ
ЩսЩɼ˶У󲿷ֵӶΪ׽ƹš
ʱ󣬴ɫʱײŴص̫ɽ
̫ɽٴľһɽ϶а벽Ԫǿһɽа͵ʥ
˵̫ɽʵۺ񵽼㣬˽𽣷֮⣬̫ɽʵΪǿ
ҹˮ
׺һ˵Ļ
ܾĵûʲôˣٴҲ֪Ȥȥš
ϣȫϣ˳ûԽһ֮⣬Ļˡ
׻вһЩ˵ľٶÿÿСѾͷ߷治֪Լλ׼ɷΪʲôôå
ִı飬־ú㣬ԭԼܴԼ˿ֵġ
ղҺߵĶһָУйϵĴ̼ҲˬĲ
å
ߺ죬ֽϵġණߺߵˣ
ţ԰ɡ׵Ц
ȥɣ
ȫӣ˵׻
һҽԴ컡
ôãǱҶô˳ʿ磬һԴ
ڴϣױ
һЦǾȳ㣬˱ԶԶ߸߷ɣƽ𣿡
ײɱСѾͷ˼޸ңȷǿˡ
أҿִôåҵơԳЦ
ɵѾͷЦЦ§˯ˡ
һҹ˯üΪûκηΪ̫ɽԼļңҪκεľ䡣

ڶһ磬СѾͷͲ׵档
˷һ£׵Ϊǵû˲ͻƵļ
ʱԼ񾭣ûûεˣһ£Լľͻƣһսۻľ鱻ȫգΪʱͻơ
ڡ
һ֮ͻƵ죬һѪ̫ɽֱǧɣӿĽɫâǵأȵ𾪡
ô÷սֲܱȼ״ʥˡ૵
״ʥв࣬ҲԶˣţǧѵһꡣ
иˣǾͲΪ̫ɽӡ
ϲʦͻơĪЦ˵
ѽѽҲҪ˦̫ԶͻƵ죬ܲˬ
ΪֻˣЩ껹ΪʵҲţ˭ôһλء
һ֮ؽ𽣷棬Ҫչ֮꣬ٳأһͬȥ
ȻᣬҲ֪Ů鳤Ժеʱ䣬Ҳˡ
أûĪ
ĪЦҡͷСˣǰЩʱҲȥһ˹ҳأΪǸҵλ𡣡
ʵĸң
ʦ֮ǰ쳾ʱһӽ۹
أ
΢΢һЦѾɹ˰ɣ
ǰλĮĻӣǲѾһλأ
ֹǸɹˣ۹Ĵս˼ʮֹ˼İˡ
ЦЦͷȻ棬ȥɣҼչһ꣬ҪͲҪˡ
ãס


׻Ǳصף̫ɽصףһռ䣬ǰôͨٵС磬ȻԲֻаɣҲ㹻ˡ
Ǳһ꣬Ҫʼʽ
𽣾ѾɹһС񷡱Ϊﵽ֮ҲѾʩչˡ
񣬾ҪʼŻ𽣷
ŴΪһһŻ𽣷ɹ


553 ʮ
ݣ
һصĿռڣ˷ޱߵʿ޷̤㣬ʯϯķء
һ˶ӰֳһżĽ
ݣǺɽÿһÿһʽҽ޼Ѱƫƫ
ʮأ
ٿأӰһ
еĳȻһҫ۵ĺɫâǳȵϢһӱǧ򱶣ȻһƬ½ҲҪڻˡ
ģԿʮλ˳֣ÿʩչһ׼µĽȻʥϸϸ۲죬ȴȻͬʮλ˶ϸëĽɣʩչĽҲŹ֣˷ʤ
䣡
⴦ռԶһǧɵĴɽһУȵϢ񷡣
ˣ
սȵϢʧ콣Ҳ𽥺£
ڵΪǿʩչΣӦùˣһӦǿס״ʥһ
һĿޣʵԽտѾȹ죬˵ʥ֮޵֡
ţĽԽĸˣԳ֮ΪʦˡһӰ֣¶º͵Цݡ
ʦ֡׵ͷ
΢΢һЦЩȥɣСڷ˽úܼѡ
ƺ֣
һʵǳʲôˣ
۹ЩŵĲ̫һСս񹬹ϵãս񹬳ˡ
ս񹬣Ŀ΢ްɣ
ʱû֮ݣ㻹ȥһս񹬺ôҲǴ̣СһﲻǶ֡
š׵ͷһЦ뿪ĶԹҲ˽ˡ
ˢ
Ӱһ뿪⴦ռ䡣
¶֮ɫ૵СʦܵΪԽͨ󣬻֮ҲĶˡ

̫壬ڡ
Īٴ۵һЩŽڣĪһ֮ɫŰ׹ǰֹؽ΢΢ס
ʦս̫뿪ôҲʦͬĸ֣Ȼ۸һСʦܴˡ
ٴҲ뿪Ծ㣬ô죿
΢΢һЦ뿪Ѿ֮ΪҵĶˣȻҵͽ֣˵ĲȰ
ս񹬣ҲһмΪԶĴ̣Сۺܳȣ۾˵ֻҪս񹬲ʥߣǵҲ塣
ʥߡ
̾Ϣһ̫һʵ̫˰Ҫ˼ɵĶ̫࣬ȻаʦҲѽ
ٴЦǵʵ͵̣ڽλʥߡ
Цŵͷ⻰ǲ١
ձЩɢޣԭвǿߣڽ𽣶ϵͳֲȱʯ裬ٶȻܿ졣
̫꣬꣬һͳһʥߣʱüʱ
ðɣǼ˾ɽһ⣬˳ҲԿڵ۹һ˲ţĵۻʡ
һЩ˵ɱ˲ϳƺֵǲĪƲƲ죬ߵ֮ѧҲա
׾ЦˣȻĪ߽ף׼ĴӣʵĻһλˣһλȺɡ
߰ɣ
òѩСӣ׵Щ

ǣһսûжľ޴ǳأҲ۹ڵԲǧ
״Īٴͼ£ôǡ
ɫĹѹǧɣգεΪ׳ۡ
ѾɳΪһλǧĵͶһƿµȡ
ڹӭ׵ˡ
ʦ𣡡
ʦ壡
ӰɿͬǼˣֻǵԸȫͬ
ѩһɫ糾ţԸ뼧мơ
ַǳȣеʱ٣ֱѪﵽ죬һ콾
ʦЩ겻㻹ôоѩЦ׿ɫʱһ
ΪѩˣڻûпֹͬҲˡ
ִ磡
һϮ۵˫ĿԣԽϡ
ţΪʵˣܲ׵ͷһЦ
ЦЦִЦˣѾ׼磬ִһݡ
һȺ˺ƺƵʹ
ݻڣƵƵƣ΢Цźȼŷ±ӣʵôܵˡ
ģǱ뿪˵ģ϶ʲôһƤҪˡѩ൱ˬ
ס죬֣˵׵һѩơ
ѩƶʱҳˣĪһЦСӣð򡣡
΢΢һЦصʦ壬ǰ뿪ǣҪɱʵֵۣסˡ
ó̫ɽĵӣҲû֣ǻܺˣֻ֮ǰ˵һ仰
ЦЦžƱʵ˵ʲô
ü¶߿֮ɫ뿪ԭǣŶȻ׵ĵӣҴǣ׹վͻɣǸҽն
ġĪѩͬʱ
뿪ǰǸ߿ˡ΢΢һЦΪ⣬ͻȻͬʱǰһ졣
䣡
ɽɫҺһע뵽ѩƺڡ
׶죬εȵĻ񣬾ţһ˵ƾͺõĲˡ
лʦ𡣡
лʦ塣
ЦЦתͷֶص򲻴ˣʱչãԼˡ
ؿЦѵĺܶԣԭôģǰЩӶǸСƣ¾˱߾ǧʿҲѲҪս
ǺǣҪˡüͷһЦ뿪治֪ôдô
ĪҲƣƺЩûУɱȥСʵۣ뿪ҪôǾͲӡ
ѩҧߵʦַģѾȬˣǱɱӪǾӶڻڱ߾գʮм챾²ȫս񹬵ĵӡ
ĪŰ׹ǰӣɱȥ
׳ûзԣԼҲǿƵԸ£ʴȡ
뿪ô
ǾԸˣҲ뵽ԸԼĲ뿪һˣܻˡ
˵ͯСġ
׻ẦôȻᣬɡŻ𽣷뿪ˡ
پƣȥǾӪȥһ뿪Ц
ش󾪣æʵִ磬ôΣô
ʵģʦϼ޻û㲻顣ѩƴصļ
һźĹŮɵˣ⼸ʲôͷ¶Ҫǫã˵ʱС
Ⱦưɡ˵һ䣬ĪæϾơ
ҹغȵŮȥ޹ѩơĪͬٴˣȥվӪ
Լȥ뿪Ļ
Ѿ֪뿪ǸطҲòһ뿪һγԱԤ뿪Լ


554 콾Ϯ
ҹš
ݡ
ԶһӰٶƥգۼڵϣ˵ؾ뿪һνֵĵط
뿪ԭΪնףȴƽ֣һ˵һս뿪ӣȻû˿ԣɾһĵء
ǴδսѣһĹʮôȥˣҲѾݺãֻ뿪еĴˣһҲ޷ֲ
ǣ
֮һս
Ųľҹԣ˫΢ЦλȻѾˣֺαزͷ¶β
壬㻹ŰһӰӺڰĿ࣬¶ɫǾɽׯ멡
면Ц翴ƵĶס
䣡
һϢޱȵǿߵնŤͬɫ䣬Ųп֮ɫ
û뵽ҲЦЦ
ڶλֵͯСģλˣһΧס
أ
һ޴ıٿȻըѣ뿪ʱ¶ȼĽͣնƮѩ
ҶأһЦʵôû
ЦҶѾչˣѾˣܱɱҡ
λ콾ƷͽΧסɭ䡢ɱֻҪ춯ͻӭӿ籩Ϯ
ˣУ
΢΢һЦĿ뿪ˣƽдžǣѾҵĶˡ
壬ͷ㻹ôſҾһսڿԵóԸˡͯСȣһƬɫ
Ǳͯҵͨ׹ǲ˾˵ĹͿ£ɫϯ˲ɵһλʿ
ɫлһ޵꣬ǰһͨʥ߶
Ǿһսɣ
Ȼ壬ȫ貣ʢѪյͨ޹Ƶģǳ𺳡
أ
Ȼ׾û֣־ǰȭ죬ǿµȭͷɴСס

ɫ䣬ǰ΢΢̤һȫž죬ڽڱ󣬳Ϊʮҵľˣһһ޴ֱӴǰȭϡ
䣡
ײʱѣֲ˼ʮһȥʮǧ೤
֣֮
纣
ˡ
ǧ۳ɾ޴Ľ֣ХƵնȥĽĺÿ£ܴݻ
ʱա뿪ɫʩչԲʮʱɭɭɽƾճ֣Ȼ·ڼຮ֮ء
һ֣Яſµܣײ
ͯСĺҲлֿµͨһҪû

һƴžײХתͽб顣
䣡
λ콾ɱ׽ս
ײ壬λ콾ڱʱյؾڴ֣һʱɳʯѡ
ȫݼʮɣ޸ˣҲһƬƬըͨڰоâɣּҡ
أ
멳ƣƮһֱӴ׵ͷ­ͲǱһƴУսôǿᣬҲˡ

һ΢СĽһӭһǾٿȻֱӽһƣŻĽк¡
һߣ뿪ɱ
սȶǰӵĿֲɢϢǰһƱı
ʮأ
¶п֮ɫϵϢȻһ䣬ʯʹݻ˱ʱա
ʮ޴֣ɱˡ
ʲô
ã
ӣŽ޳ɼµĽˡ
˴ʧɫǶս֮ϾͲһнǸ޷ֵ
ߣô
ٴδһУХһǬ󣬽һһȫûз϶ס˵ȥ·
ۣ
멵ΪֱӱһɱƬ߶ʥ

ͯСĴУͷڷ裬һɻɬ嫵ϢУһ氵ɫľӣޱʥ
ͬʱ뿪Ҳٻʥһѱͬɢʥɫѿɫ
Ϊ֪Լ׵Ĳ࣬ǹƽһսûκλᣬ»˲ɱ
ǼͯСĺ֣Ҳ򲻹ףÿµĽ˴Ǳ
멣ûо˲䱻ɱ
ʥ֣һʥӵȥס׵ɱУǵֵ൱ʵȫ麹ľ
ɫ䣬ٸκλᣬǹȻͳУ˲⡣
ƥƵģֱӴ͸գЯױȵΰֱˡ
뿪ͯСȫʧɫ
˹Ķȫͼʥ뿪纣Ǳһɫס
ͬʱڿһתǵ⡣
ˢ
һʥƵֱӽնһѷ졣
ͯСľ˺ܶ࣬Һʥ󣬹ؼʱ·ȫһ㣬ǰɫľһâᴩգܡ
˿ɱ
أ
䣡
˽սĵشҵıըըѣذȻڰмսನҲϣʱԲǧɵĵ滯촷ۣٴ½ʮɡ
ۣ
ۣ
뿪ͯСȫһھѪͷɢǳǱ˸εѣ˴˶һ۶һ˫֮
Žڶʱӵǿˡ
ֱ޵ˣһ˭Ƕֻ֣Ҫʥ֣߳׼ڲ֮ء
ͨŽɫâֱǰһߣһƬգٴƥļ⡣
һΣɫҲ΢΢԰ףöɾڵڳͬʱʼƴؾ
޴裬Ȼ뵽֮С
Ҳƣֱ軯ڴռ̫ˡ
ʺȺս
أ
â絶⣬罣âٴʥԿһ
ԽֲıըＸһڶշ籩ǣ޴һͽδ֪ռз֮С
ݲ£ӡպڶһʩչʮء

һɾ޴Ļسޱȣڻɽһ㡣
ϵʥ㸴ɣ
ս
ͯСĺˣѪ֮ҪͷİɫӣһѪգһɺ嫵ʥϯ˷
ֲĲɲǼͷʮأͯСЦУ澵ӱǧɴһƬֲĹâ粨˰ϯס
뿪Ϊһ壬ֱӻһư׹뵽ʥУʥڵʱ϶Ϊһգһ
ʥЯʥɱ˲뼫Σ֮
ʲôƨ壬վͷɾҵͯСĴЦһƬ
䣡
ʥ˲


555 ɽׯ
ˣ
ʥЯɱϮ׶ʱоѣµʥƵޱߣܷա
ȻʱǹͻȻɢһ͵Ĺâȫססеʥ
һ̶Ц
ͯСĺ뿪Ϊ̫ˣͷӲʥȫܣԼеĽʥȻԼǶʥС
ģܸоǹǣصĽҲɵı
ݣ
׺ˣվĵطһѱֱһԼǧɣǧɵľ޿ӣǧ˲һѩ硣
˵ͬʱ˲һ
˲ϢֱӴǰɫıϣ뿪ѿһ£վȡ
ݣ
ֹ˷һһȥǵأܣһԵĺۼձѡ

꣬һƬأ뿪ͯС֧ţȻŲȥˣͯСĵʵԭͱ뿪Ҫһ깥ȥɫ԰ֽȻݽߡ
Ҳﵽٽ㡣
ȻԲҲֹܺĲ䣬豻ʲڣӰС
ٿرǹҪķѺھضһּꡣ
ӣ
뿪Ǳǰһռֱ˺ѣںϳɱǿ
ͯСҲˣͷľһһĹͷ
𣡡
һ߾߻֣Ȼʮء
ս˿ţٴһƬꡣ
أ
ͯСֲ֧סʥû飬ҲѾûвĵҩ޷ʥ
ˢ
ͷɫľ΢΢˲䣬һƵһһֱӴ͸ʥķ̶͸ͯСĵͷ­
Ҫ
أ
ԴѣѪɣʥವһߣԶݶȥ
һλ콾ҲС
뿪εѣվʵҪǿܶ࣬ʩչѪ֮Ԧž޴ı뿪ս
ģ
ǹһ
ͬʱڣʼոؾ˰ʱŽڵɾʢѪһյĸﶼǽ
ûɱ뿪̾
ʵʵɱ뿪ˣǶбֶΣƾеʥܣ׻޷ȫ
뿪ʵף㵥ҲҪʮп⣬ο멺ͯСġ
鷳Ӵ˴̡֧ϵʬ壬׽סͷ
Ǹɵ뿪ȫԷ£뿪ߣҪԾɽׯͱͯҵı
˼Ƭ̣Ǿȴѩǻؽ𽣶죬þɽׯŭ֮ºɱˡ
۹ʱŻչһȺ˶Ѿˣȫȣһûйӡ
ӣǱˣٴʵ
ЦЦûʲô£սһе멺ͯСġ
Ī˶ʱȫˡ
ʦ̫ˣôҲ콾Ȼôеˡѩ۴С
ٴ磬±ͯҺ;ɽׯưոݡ
ͯԶڱʱᶯ֣ɽׯ̫ǣϷؽ𽣶죬ǳС׵ͷ
أ΢΢˼˵ģսɽׯΪ۹ĵ۹ŵȷЩˣһʱˡ
سģѾ¾Ϣʮ꣬ҡİͼѾˡ
Цļ򣬵ĵۻʣԺĳɾͲڴˣվʹһպټ
籣أλҲء
ûǶ̫ãҴҽֱ̤֮ϴ̨ﳤȥ
֪εûнɽׯʵȽ𽣶컹Ҫǿ٣ر²ݡ
Ǿɽׯӣһλ绹ʥ䣬ܲ
ʵϣȷʵˡ

˭˸ɱҵСܣҪ𣡡
أ
һɽɳһӰױȵʥֱӽɽѹ촷ۣһʥŭնըˡ
Ž壬ĺǣҲҪɱ壡ʥŭΧǧȫսŲ
ӰһԭʧٳʱһͨŹâľ޴
ɣһصСڣǾɽׯʥµĵطλʥŭ𣺡𽣶죬ҪΪСܱ𣡡
ڣּʮõӰ񣬸ǧɣȫһλλʥߵľͶӰ
ﶫҪŭѾ쵶׵պΧ𽣶졣һƴ


556 ʼ
ƽ̣
ɽׯһȺʥȫһݣ
ﶫ棬ֱӹڵϣףҪΪСܱ𰡣ƽôɡ
ѧղеԼáƽˮƺûʲôŭ
һ䣬һɱϢֱӵӵС磺ҵĶӣŽ屳мӢ۳ҲҪ𣡡
ƽ̷ּһȺʥӦ
ⰵ˵ˣǾɽׯƽ̣Ҳķִһ̡
ƻǰ𾪹ǣֻȻʵǿĪ⣬Ǿɽׯļ̳ߣȻûʷ
Ϊ
Ӣͬһʱ
Ǹʱ۶ôԻ͵ĳɾͣôµ츳ô˲սУΪڼӢ۵ʱ
赣ǣ׷ϵ˫Ѿŭ쵶ţǺ쵶źȻǻĹҪ֣Ҳῼġ
ƻңңž㼧ӢôҲʱǣΡŽ
ﶫȥ˸׹⣬ͺףԸǰ棬дⲡ
ȥ׼ɣ͵ʵսϰеӷǴﵽߣȫսƻ
ǣ
ʮλʥߵͷȻ뿪

ɽׯ۵ʱѾص𽣶죬ֱȥݷĴʦ¡
շһȺҲڡ
ʦɱ멣ɽׯưոݰɣ׸ʦǰһ裬Цʵ
շСǻһѺְЩڹ˶ٴУҶˡ
׸ЦʦῪЦ
շüӵۣϷûпЦСӵ̫ˣ̫ܶǰһˡ
˭
΢΢һЦ˵Ӣۡ
׺ҿɱȲϼ˵еһλʥߣսҿûС
ģʱѾǰ벽ԪԪһʿ𲻴ڲ죬ҲܵסʥһɣЦ
ʼ磺ӦܰɣҲȷ
ҡͷһЦĿ⿴շ磬ʵʦܣԾɽׯ˽⣬ǻ𣿡
Բᡣ
շ˵նƻһۣҾɽׯע׶ɱĶӣʾûУôɽׯͻһǧɣƻܿ鷢
۾Ȼпܻһսˡ
շɫأͷǱҪзЩƽĲѰԽƽ쳣Խǵǰס
̾³çˡ
ºշʱЦˡ
µСҲ֪Լ³çˣɷԵη壬ҡڵʵɽׯΣǲǶ֡
շ׾㶼һ
صһЦɵĵƣĹҶ²ģǲҪģս͵һ
٣޿ɱս֮УһʵսӦԽıʡ
շ׷׷׵ͷ
뿪շ翪ʼ֮Լλ̫ϳϣʼӭС
𽣶ĻɽȫɽׯͻȻϮ
һ֮󣬸֮Ѹ׼Դ˶൱˷ܣԼпܵս˿£ڴ
ҲѾأִƴʥλʥԽͨѾﵽʥ죬

ҡ
ףѵ׼ȭ𣿾ɽׯ쵶ֶԸ𽣶죬ϢҶ֪ˣ㻹ô򶨡
һڣ֮ɫץؿϧëֵļӢۡ
ӢһϮ£ţüǳƽʱİԾȫͬרĵϰ鷨ἧ
ϵ˵𣿡
šӢ۵ͷ
㵽˵仰ҪôæȭǰȭĦȭƣսҲڴ
Ȼ׹ϵôãȭҲӦõģȥ𽣶ģȥ׶ɹνѡ
ĿɿڴԿϰ֣ûи֮ĴսСɫڻҰ
ԸȥҲǿǼǲֵģ֮սӢۻͷԼһЦ
󼱣æǰϰ֣޶ԣ
ûûôôû¹һȥӢۻ֣ǲͷ
ҿ̫ûˣԼȥȭˡ
Ӣ΢΢һЦȻר֣ûпԼһۡ

Сӣˡպ󣬼ڽ𽣶죬ԭշ粻üӽɽʱŭˣֱӶշ֡
λû취ֻüȥ
׿һЦļʱҲ¶Цݣֵ˵ʲôһоڲС


557 
ϣ̫ɽĹ뼧
Īѩ˷ֱ㣬˹سƺΪʦʱСһʱûӦ
֮⣬ʥ
ȻɵڰǰܰòȫǻĹҳӡ
СӣҾùɲǶ֣˾ɽׯ֮⣬ҵõϢ쵶Ҳһš
ɫصĵͷ
Щ涫սίʵ˲ˣ쵶ųûֲΪ棬Ͼ˫
ҸղѾȥݼʦʦɫȻѾг񣬶Ҳôࡣ
ʲôʥ
׺ͰЦЦڸողãóһɵĳǹɢܣҶǹһĴʥѾʱշִơ
˴Ҷǹ֮⣬һڹŶͬһʥƹܡ
ټϰִƵ̫𽣶ʥӦһģ޴ս
»жԸ֮˵ԷʹʥǾͲݣȫ˽ӳָףͬ߶
˶Ѿǣ׻űǹصĽܳԽʥ
ҺãǾɽׯ쵶ŶǻĹңһ˭档
СѣѵҪսĹҲӲ΢Цʵ
ҡͷҲֻڵľƺ΢Ҳ뷢ģս
˶٣˵
أܳΪһɣʼ浽˭ʦҲ֪
΢΢һЦֻн֪ˡ
Ŀһʵǰأδô
¶ʱ䲻ʵӦҵ취龳ɡ
龳ôôﵽģԲҲôˡʼ磺ȾƣȾƣ̸ôˡ
ҲЦ飡
˸վƱͻȻһĪ嫵ǿƵɣͬʱ֪жɵշҵıըף¡¡ﲻ
ģ
׼ɫʱһڡ
֮һɡµȻһӰӷС
ˢˢ
ʮӰգǽ𽣶֮ԼĶӡ
߰ɣ
ЦЦˣעһս
Ħȭƣģûսأ񫡣
۾һ˸ڷԸλһ⣬ٴ塣
еλѣǶ̫һǿߣԼʮλȫǰ벽ԪսҲ㲻ס
ټϰף̫һѾޱȵǿ

𽣶ɽ⣬һȺ½ɽľȫɫ
һҾ޴սգÿһҶǧɳ鶼ʿÿһս϶һλʥ
ƺƵʮңһ׳ۡ
мǿ˵Ϣʱʱ֣ʥѹϢƮ죬䲻֪мʥ٣Բֹһ
ۣվɽ⿴֮Уһ̫ϳϺ͸֮
£ҲʮλʥϻǲԶ
ҹ貣ԲºգһɱϢӵؼݵļž֮С
飿
ĬƬ̣¿ڵλֶЩɣûмʱɽǧöͨӾͻˡ
µĪ֣ҵðãΪһ˶
䣡
һӰ֣ɢ⣬¶һ۰µȣĿºɲ⡣
ԭƽ̡ЦЦҹã֪кιɡ
ֺαضʣҵȶȻΪŽ塣һ߳ͬǿ˵ȻҲһʥ
һƵģ²ɵ
Ǻǣԭڵ֣겻ˡĿ΢΢һһ˵ζ
վڸҲͷ
ڵ֣ͬ׹쵶ŵĸƽ̣ս֮ǿ˲׽
Ҳ·ìܣ˴սʮΣʤܣ³֮ڲʧһ·߸޳ʥ
̫겻ˣһжľģ϶ͬɳΪǿߡ
£Ž壬ϳһΪյ³çڿڡ
ƻҲЦֻҪŽ壬ĳԸл
λڰϮʮλʥݿλðǿǽ𽣶졣
շЦ
ЦЦû˵
շ磬㻹ûʸǰ˵ƻȵ
շɫʱһ䡣
ƽ̹ȻݣҪҵôǾͿûˡ߳ƻڡ


558 ʥ
һ߳ɫȻŲȣɫ磬һرʣǵΪԽԽǿʱһηϢ
壡
ƻ˵ԶһʲôҲʸҸ̸
䣡
һսϴǿʥһӰ䵽㣬µĲ켫ء
һʥԪ죬ҿᣬղһȲѲ³ݡ
λʥ멵Ĵ磬ƻĴ䡣
ɫ䣬ŲԶף޲һƽ֮Ҳ֪֮ڣƾԼΪȥ
壬ȰԼ߳Ǵɱù֮֡ȵ
ٺֱЦϣ治ͷսһǾȥ⣬ƾֶΡ
Цȥ⣿ˣ壬ҵֱ̤ƽ𽣶죬ɱļȮ
ƻڶ¶ȻЦû˵ǵ̬Կλ̤ƽ𽣶뷨
΢΢̾۾ˣǲύġ
Ҫ󡣡Ҳ۾
ߵѵ֪ҵԸ񣿶ѾִƱɡ
ûˡƻĮȻִԲվҪһһս޽𽣶졣
ǿԡ
µʹָָգλʥƲһսΣ
ЦҪڴ˴̤ƽ𽣶졣
ƻõؿԼһۣҪڹڷģսĹƱػԤ
𽣶ܳʮʥ֮Ĵսµ˫£ʮλʥߣһܴ
Ĵ˭ܲסڻĹҿٵսһս򣬻ĹӲ
Լ׿ʱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼסǣôһģƴսȷʺڹڽС
ʥµ˼ɣʥսôң˭ҵʲô顣
λȥ⣬ǵסɴġƻ¶һĨ֮ɫ󣬾ҵˡ
ģţҺԵסЩ㡣Ҳ̲סָ߳Ǻȵ
ƻڶ΢΢һ
ѵҪ£ⲻϹءЩŭüͷȵ
ߵǣңǱһ˵Ϊļûйϵ
ƻȻ¶ֵЦݣż彻ãһˣȻСѲԸȥҾʹֹܽһˡ
ٺ١ЦƥҲܽңķͷϰȫǹкܲˬɡ
ƻɫʱ
΢΢һЦƻڣλѣɡ
ҵȥһսǡ̤ƽ𽣶죡ƻڷֱԸȥʮλʥߴԭʧǰ⡣
𽣶ʥҲɫ£Ѿ˴ɽſڣһ˿ͽĿˣһսޱȲҡ
׶Լءշ׵ļһХ̤ƽ𽣶죬ƾǻС
׵۾Ȼеʪˡ
źޱرԼ¡շЩû˵һֵĻԼݺͺ񰮡
һս۽Ʊػ˲ء
֮ǰҲȫ׼ϣ뵽㹻ͣⳡսδ롣
̫ˣֹԼн𽣶졣ױߡ
ɱԼֻ멱еѣ쵶;ɽׯڣһҪ̲𽣶ģ
ν𣬲Ƭ֮ʡ
Ҫõǽ𽣶ĵ̣ⷽԲʮʥأԼ޾Դ
Ǿɽׯ쵶ţ˭֪𽣶Դ˭ͿһԾΪ벽Ĺҡ
ս
״
ս
ŷϴҲȻԼĵˣɫǳ㣬û˿Ŀ־ų
ǺǣȻܰұչô꣬û뵽֮ôһλ޾ţҵĸ
䣡
һײСŰµϢһ˶Ӱһս߳൱Ŀ࣬˫ĿâһӾʹڻɽڣһ
һλޱǿĶ֣Ѿﵽ벽Ԫ۷壬ֻһܽԪ׵Ŀⶼ΢΢һ
˵ʵԼ
СӣСģ쵶ʥƣ׷Ҫ˺ǿҸ׶˵
أ¶صı顣
Ըαֳ֣СܴͰɣһԽһӰԶ
ͬһλ𣬼񿴵֮ɫҲһ䣬멵Ķ磬硣
ЦЦĴġ


559 ս
ƺ粢վǿ󵽼ս첻Ҫ
䣬ɢµϢ
Ŀⶢף壬Щ̫ˣ𽣶ܻס㣿
ǾŹˣ㲻
񣬻ηļңҲ£壬һе൱ǿƣֱָ
׿ǧһҾ޴սȫվʿ֪ƾ𽣶޷赲
ϵĵָϾ̫쵶ź;ɽׯ磬ο
ٵһȣڽ𽣶ʵڲܽһսϣսܷ漣ɡ״⣬򿪻ɽ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ɽ󵲲ס̫ʱ䣬ʥһԽɽݻ١
ʦҲ֪ǲǶ֣ĵơʲôأ
壬㻹ɽôǵĻɽȻǿסġЦ
ŷϴŭ𣺡ʦ壬صɽǴսһɣ
ս
˴
Ŀƽû˵ʲôƺϾǷͬ죬׵ıܲ³ԭί
ڵԮ
ɫ΢䣬һɻɬ㣬ϢɢһɢɫâĳС
УϵƶȻ췭ظı仯һӱÿֲޱȣһˡ
ɫɢһɺƵʥԽͨʥԾǴʥ
ǣ쵶ŴʥССӣҪô죿
۾Ҫס󣬽սһҲΪˡ
ԮķҲ档
ЦЦҲȷǷΪҺǵĹϵ̫찡

ңԶ⡣
һž޴ڣڰ棬ʮλʥңңԣÿһʥ϶ɢޱȵϢǶڲȻûսѾγһ޴Ĺ֣ﳤ
£ǲǶ֡۵
ƻٺһЦĵһжǽĹʧǽ𽣶Ž壬һѡ񰡡
ΪǺˡ
Ȼؿǣ׶һλ󽫻ḩӹǣǲɳΪǿߣô˴󶯸ɸꣿ
ô꣬ɲ֪˶ˣǧǰĹҶ䣬ǲûгǿȻǲعأСҲսס
ǿʳѡ
ľѾ΢ˣ֪ΪʲôĹһĬδ󶯸ɸΪҲŽɳȥ
һ仰˵꣬µɫȻһ䡣
ڿǣŵҵǣҲŶҼȻִƼңҲҪ˼ĳţԡǿԷſһսŽ壬
µˮͷһڹŶǾһսɡ
䣡
󣬽𽣶ʮʥȫ죬һʥͷµ
Ǹ¡շˡ
ȫдʥʥͨ쳹أһӾޱߵǡ
ںƻЦЦڵʥ׼ĺܳ
²˵߶ͷĹŶǹŶɢһصϢŶϸͼ֡
һſŴڹŶ֣ǹ貼ɢǿϢںƻɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǳǼҵİ벽ʥưƻ

ͻȻ״ƻڳѸ齨һױϣɫĿɲǼͷųܡ
һɻذǿա
µ۾˲ȻʥһضƲʥ
벽ʥΣǾɽׯƵġѪսסʥƻ
䣡
ֱӳ˹ϹâһĨܽ˻ĶѹһȭһЯʥѹ¡
ս
´ӭƻ
ˢ
һ׵ĽƥƵĻǿգֱնƻ
Ҳˡ
շǶסڣеĳǹһһ籩籩Ƶĳڡ
һȺʥҵļսһ˲䱻򱬡
ɲǼ䣬ʹսǿ֮Уһʥ·ɣرѣ顣
ƻ䣬һȭǳٶȿ쵽˼£ֱӳ˹ȥһĳ֡

²壬һǬ󣬽ͼƽ̹ȥһӱɴҪƻ
󣬺գ
ƻֻһȭͻǬ


560 â
ڰǿʮλʥ߲ҵսһ𣬿µϯһ𣬴һǳһǳϣһſǾˡ
Уи¡ƻλʥʥڳɲǼսķΧͲǿա
ƻ²ɵϴʥķֱ޵УһȭܷеĹ
ɽׯͨҲƥƻϵϢԽĿֲ˫һһȻ۳һͷ롣
·ɽ룬ɣͨɢ⣬Хһβɨ𽣶ʥ߻ɣͬǵʥˡ
Ҷ
ŭһɴСֱ꣬ײ롣
ʥȫһεȿֱֲײͨǧ⣬ֱնƻ
СС壬Ҳڲ񣡡
ƻЦµĲɢȥ൱Ŀ£˫ִһͷͷ޴룬γɾ޴˰
𣡡
ŭٴλΪ壬ͻΧе̫һâȫǧɳ
һսǳĲңֻƬ̼ʥˡ
ۣ
һߣһλ벽ʥǿ߳ȭǿսǧԶбѣּ˺ǧ塣
ɣ
һͨ۵ɴɽѹ£Ҫɱꡣ
ۣ
һգѹһǳĴɽ飬ɫ԰׵ظϹҲλʥ׷
ʦ֣ҡУڿѪʥѾȫˣԼҲ䡣
֪һսԼп䡣
𣡡
³Хǳɳһӱʮɴ벽ʥȫļ
ǳ𽣶ʥסȻ´ѹҪɱԷλʥߡ
أ
ƻ֣ͬһײһ𣬸ٿȻһھѪ
ʦ֣
շ羪ŭȫˣ̫ǳʹҶǹ֮⣬ʥˡ
£ˣ
ƻЦʥһһ޵еķɡ
ҲЦһȺʥ߰Χסµˡ
Ŀ⿴ǣĮȻľһս𣿡
ǾһսҵɱǶѣѵ·𣿲ֹǣڽ𽣶ҲѾΪƽˡ
³׶սˣǲܵġ
ܵסʥ𣿡
¡ɫ䣬ŭģǻҪ𣿱޳ܣʥս⣬ڹǡ
ǵƽҲûػ𽣶ɣȻˣҲὲʲôءߡ
µɫ侲̾һͬΪ壬ұɱ䣬ȻսǾû˵ˡ
䣡
ͻȻһ쳣ֲɬϢ
һɢӨӨâĴ󹭳ڸУɫĮֱһ
ںƻɫʱüѿ
ôܣصĽֻнôܴ߶ƻŭһȭһͷ޴ӭȥ
Į㣬ʲô˵һһȥÿһⶼɳֱ˺ǿա
أ
ƻסһǿļʸʱɫҲ䡣

ϵĿ׷޴ཻһ㡣
ſ䣬Ѹٱɴγһǽڣס޾ļʸ
ʥȻÿһ䴩棬ʼձѪ׵סûƿ
ְ֣ɣǲܱķƻʵûϵ¾Ȼó
ΪӸϢ˶ĬһʵصĽֻã˶޷ʹá
ǣ
˭Ҳû뵽ֻһӣŽƭˣƭǣĻδµĹ֡
ڵͷͻȻſ롣
ǿܣɢϢȷѪ׻Ҫ°ٱֲѾȫ
ˣ
Ϊһ壬һ˾޴ĳǹɢɫͽɫֹâ
һɻذĲա
ã
ɫ䣬ȫ۵ڣֹһ⡣
ʱһɫˡ
Ϊˣϵʲô
쵶յĵ̣벽â룡շɬЦģΪ⴫˵Ǽٵģâ밡
ǰ벽쵶ʼȻõ֮Ϊյĵ̡
ĹҶɵķۿһ׳󣬳ΪһĴɡ
ҲΪ˵ǼٵģΪû˼â룬ֻ˵ѡ
˭ϵؼʱĴâˡ


561 
âڿţһʥ߲ʥҲĿ²ţµɫˡ
Էĵʵ̫ˣʥ˰벽
ڸѪбǣâϣɲǼɫâ档
ɱ
Цֻ˵һ䡣
ݣ
â뻯һɿµķ籩ֱӳ˸µˡ
ס
ˢ
߳ǳ⣬ֳ̫ɫ򾲡Į
һǽǧǬ󣬵˲ͷ׷飬ɢĽֱӴ͸˱棬̵֪η
â뼸޵УŭͷɴСĹǣӭâ롣
ͬʱХһٴһɵĽ⣬羪Ƶģƥն˹ȥһǰһӳһλʦϷɡ
Ȼã
âǹ⣬ŻƵܣ͸ɵĹǣӭһ
䣡
涼ˣȫըؼʱٴγ֣һƲ˻
Ȱٴ۳ʱ㲻סĿѪɫ԰׵ˡ
ʦ֣û°ɣʵ
޷ϣһܵס벽ϥ£һΣѸپ£
ôʥˣΧеؾľû취Լơ
Ծ룬µ籩˺һУһſž޴ޱȵʯ飬һô׵ֵġ
âվǰ벽ŭһйŲͲˬ
һͨѣ赲벽ȥ·
ƽʱµɬǰ벽ٴηƺȸղŻҪˡ
ŭˣҪɱǼˡ
ݣ
ɫƽʹﵽĵزһȺ˼ľ棬Ҳû¶źͿ־塣
תʼâ룬æɢһɹɽɫâסм⡣

â벻ǰ벽еļⶼˣƻڶЦƻǴϷѪףʱ׼
УǵҪݽˣ
ɫһ䣬ȵˣסâ롣
ʦ֣Цˣôܻ뿪һѡշ΢΢һЦ
ҲЦʦǿɲ̰֮Ŷ
¶һĨůЦݣǲ
Ŀ⿴ңԶգ૵׶Ԯõ˰ɣ
䣡
â뱬ޱȿֲϢǽɫĳǹ΢΢һӾʹ˹ǳתҪסһ
أ
漸ҪѣͬڣϾҪŲסˡ
ǣ
ǳڰѾȫҲס벽ܣһľѺ۳ڶϡ
£ս𽣶͹ˡƻЦŷѪ׾ͳ˹
һȭ裬ŭسǿ𣬲֪жɲǼͷˡ
ģĵסˡѵҪˣ
䣡
ͻȻ
δ䣬һֲһӾ棬һХǿա
һ޴սֳ־ųݶңôݺݻӶеĽâϡ
ۣ
ԶһھѪ¶֮ɫ
ƻζȻֹͣɫؿŲԶһ˲䣬ΪѾϳ˭
ȱ
ϺſܵڶܣȱսС
ȱЦ𽣶λ֣ĳˣ°
淢ըâһӱɢȥ֪ǳ꣬ϸϸ̳촷ۡ
ھŭæâٻٴ۳ɫǹС
Բǿȶ󣬻ȱվڸһߣֺϴЦݡ
֣
ƻҪʲô
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵ȻȭСĪ֮£Ϸȭ𣿡
ȵȱϺſܹˣǼ֮սûйϵ
ȥģ»Ҫͬ⣿ǲôôǽսһ¡ȱǿƣˡ
ƻڵɫʵǲȺɷ
ҶκβϺſܣȻûλۣο˻ȱ֮⣬صĵһܡ
ߵѣģûʲô£䳾Ѿ˹ȥԮˣǱʥߵôʮλ𣿡
ʲô
ںƻŴʧɫ
³һõȵԮڵˣһԶϺſܣ׶а취Ϻſܶö
սǺͣ˵仰ϺſƴǶôȱб۾ʼѵƻڡ


562 
ƻɫضŻȱ
ȱˣĿƣǾųݶҸɢµĲ涼һ
µ˱ں棬һȺ˷ؾ渽ľ纣ХƵӿûˡ
أ
Ȼָͷǳ뻪ȱվһ
շͰҲ̷ɳ˶ֳŴʥĿ飬˴˿̣ѾԷ
𽣶һȺʥָ̻սеʥˣսƽɡ
֣Ҫ𽣶ɣƻŷѪףĿ˸ͣɱޣ뵽ȱս൱ɵ
ȱʵҪǿ̫ˣһһصĽʵֲ
һصĵһܣǿҶκβõϹ
ϻʲôҪս˵ҵȻȭΪҴϺΪʲôȱǿƣȵ
ĿһߵôôηŽ̫裬Ҫһ˵
ȱŭŭʲôڣǲΪ˽𽣶ǼʮĸأʿԼС֮սǿ߲룬ҲǶЧ;ҲһֱʢĻ
ӻĹʼնʢ£ǻɱôÿʤδִһɣô˽Ͳˣ
׵ʲô飬ôʦڣûذɣ
ƻڵɫԽͬʥҲ¶֮ɫ
ȱ̫ˣȫǽѵĿǣƻںôʥǿߣȻҲס
ǻ𷳣˵ʵôһҪǶ׳֣Ҷ˵ϾߣɱֻּܹˣɵʩѹҲϺſܶ¡
ƻߵɱҵСӣҪһ˵
򵥣ʵȥսף쵶ŵƣʥӰɣҲȥսСսǲ֡
ã
ƻڶĬһ̵ͷ
ǱҪһ̨£ȱҲ˼㳲˳һ̨ףһս
һ¾ͱһۣⳡսҲԱ⡣
ȱЦЦתͷԸ˵ߵѣȥɣ½Ҳҳһˡ
ʵϣ绪ȱ˵һ

ƺҪǿƿɽʱԶͻȻһ¶һ޴Ĵ̨֡
ٽţ¶Цݡ
ƺɫ䡣
ֵܣûɣģ㻹ܼǵǣͲһΪˡ
䣡
һǿϢնѹŤǻɽתţƺ֪
̨ڣ߳һʥߣ£ʮλǰļ࣬¶Цݡ
һӳʮλʥߣɫ˲ûҰףһսϵʿȫ¶塣
˭ɵԾܿǽ𽣶Ԯˣеʱڣ˭ҹĽ
һ˲ˡ
䳾˵ûУӼȻˣǾ͹ɣӳ֡
˵Ӱ䳾ʵ쵶ź;ɽׯ
Ϻſǿɱ磬ҶκβõݺϺ
䳾껹ǺҵʥӣϺͷʢ˲֪䳾ʱЦ
ԭȺϺſ֮⣬ȷûɸô𽣶졣
ǻĹңҲС
Сǣôһ˴ȫ䳾Цһ̤ն¡¡졣
ϵƼңƴ߶ʥסһɰ
սõȻ˺ǧɣԶ˽𽣶ɽš
ǰûгԹΪȥ·ǣ
ûʲôҾ⣬䳾ߵ
оһҲû˵ʲô
ȻգƽʵȻǰȭһսҲǰȥȭ˰ɣ
УҶ绪ȱ䳾˵
ȱôһսҪˣȻˣ뵥壬𣿡һͻȻĿ쳣ֱָס
䣡
һɳսͷųϵϢʵļ⵶²ɵ
񣬿ף㡭𣿡
΢΢һЦ׵ҪѰԵ㣬ͬһս
䣡
һʥ˴μվԣƵ¶һ˿ЦݣͽΪʦ㡣
ʦģҶն˽塣Ŀдżᶨģ쳤ХһƲ㶼嵭ˡ
ЦЦûƣǺܹ뻪ȱλЦе˵СֵԽˡ
ǰˣǰȭм΢Ц


563 µǿ
ȱЦֵЩС¶ѣϷǿҵҲǺܶࡣ
΢΢һЦд󶨡
ȱ٣ǰ벽ǿ߹ôⳡս½ŴȥҲʤ
ǻȱеľųݶңǿصĽ
ڵ£ҵͽѾսǸҽô
΢΢һЦ˵ûʲôҵģֻǡͽˣǸأҹϮһ˵ǽ𽣶Ƕ棿
䣬¶пЦݣҲġ
Цһ⻰ˣ󻹲ǶСӸɵˣСӻʲôԾ˵
һĿ⿴ȥȫûзӦһƵɫ
ڶŸ£ʵҪʲô˵
΢΢һЦ˵Ҳ۸ǣȻǶսǾͷɣְɣ
ԡڳĬƬ̣ͷ
һʥͨʥעҽ𣿡ʵ
ɫ΢䣬עСʹ쵶Ҳûмʥ˵˽ˡ
ڵɲӦǾܾô쵶žͳ׶ӣΡ
ڵĿ⣬ɵؿơ
۾΢΢𣬵ͷʦģǲġ
ЦЦſ£ɫֱĮȻãȻߵôģôġ
ȱһЦ˵Ǻãھȥ⿪һսղײգͽһսɡ
׺ƶûʲô
зſµɱһսϽûŽ塣
񼥷ģ治С
ȱӰһʧˣضţ½ɽȫ׸ľ
Цʵ׶ʵͬСɣа𣿡
һսɣλʥӵȷֲ֮һһȫԸ΢΢һЦ
ЦҶʦģʥ֮µһˣƲʲô
ȻʧЦҡͷʦֶ̫ˣӦսʤƣʲôֶΡ
ͬĻҲ档
ƣͽаոɵ壿
ڵ״̬ѣҽ⿪ӡָ״̬ɱŽ塣Ȼܱ䡣
һĬ
ʼ壬վҪ¶δɵ䣬ʹУҲҪǿ֪𣿡
šƵͷ

ʱ
䣡
ȱ⽵¼æλһЦһӾ;ס
λѣǰȥսɣ
ιιҰУûдﵽʥߣȻ޷ʼԴǡ
΢΢һЦżͬŷϴĪѩһˡ
쵶ź;ɽׯʥҲ̶գͬʱɵļλ
⡣
һŴϣǳؾ㣬ԭһͷ޶ǳڲǰȱһɱˡ
ÿտ򣬿ϧؾƯڿУǧ֮ǽ𽣶һȺˡ
ݣ
Ƭ̺ƳǰվһȺʥߣһλ硣
ɾǿѪ죬ۿԿÿһѪɣһƬ嫵˾η
ͻȻһɰɫף¶âһսˣܵóԸ
ЦЦʵҲҵ󡣡

Ʋ˵һͨʥУǵķƷҲƷʥļ
ˢ
ȹӰһߣһ˹ȥΧ˲飬ǿµϯǧɡ
ʱѣâ̳һ֣һҽǣԣǣӷףˮƵġ
һƬɫĵ⣬ȥƵкȥɱ졣

۵Ľڷɳһ޴Ľɽѹȥ
飡
˲ײһΪķɾҵıըշ飬汻ըһԲɵľ޿ӡ
ӰѸٵļսһ
ò˵ǿĶ֮һսǿֱ£𽣾ʩչȴʼûйƵķߡ
˴ս棬սУɲǼսΧ֮һƬǽ塣
һȺʥڸ߿йսԶս
ȭ죡
һãһշɹһŤתһ
һƻصת
ƻӵĵ˺һУй£һХսͻȻǿ֡
һ׼ŹֵսʩչޱȵǿͿֲ
˫ͻȻɫֻ޴ƣֱƾѹ
ɬѹɽһ˴


564 ʼ
ֻЯſµѹգ֪˶ٽ⣬ɽƵĳѹ
ս飬γһƬص
׵ıʱüϾ
һ˫ƼĿֲڴѹʱǧγһŹֵĽ磬ֹܷ˲뿪
ʵ뿪ҲУٶٿҲûйٶȿ졣
ѹ£濪ʼķ飬ֱӳȥٶɣһԲǧɵľ޿˿ľ
ƣսƹȻҲõһͨ׶ĽĿһ
𣡡
׳һͻȻһɫ߸֣ɫ⣬һаɣֱӳһ˫ơ
ÿµĽеĽҪǿ̫ˡ
ҲĬĬͷ꣬һĻЩʧĴʼʽ
죡
״𣬽ޱ߻ȼգƵĳȥ𣬴رѣƼҡ
أ
һ˫ƶײһ𣬶ʱγһɿµ籩ɲǼϯΧһ˺ѳɷ顣
籩м䣬Ӱʱʱ֣ÿһγֶѣɲǼ佻˼ʮУʤ
ʹսʥߣ˿Ҳ൱
Ϊ;û˵սͨʥߣʵ˾ȡ
ײѣͿԱȼ״ʥʥжǿ
ںƻɫҲǵһμ׵սиҪֲ
Ҳصǣ̫ǿˣѾǿĲ˼飬ԽԽΣաƻ˵
΢΢һ漴׹
ˣ̫ǿǿף̫ιҲδǺ£һҪɴʥٵʱ򽫻ޱգпܻ䡣
ٵܣݶɽʿԽǿ˶ɽ٣Խǿ¡
ʷϲһЩ޾ĸֶɽʧܣٺҡ

ս
׺սܣͨǾʵںܴ׵ֵҲס
ȻԷͬࡣ
Ľ򽣹ڣ죬ֱܷǽâХأݺƥ
ˢ
ֳֵһǵâҽͬʱֻƴ
类ɨУ˼ѪǳŲӡͬһƵԴ
˴
ǼʮжײսΧǧ֮ڣȫʼݣһɽֽƵı顣
Ƭ̺˶Ѫˡ
ģôǿСӻûһСƵʵ
ȻԱһ£ԼսƣȻмܻ䡣
ǿ
ͻȻ³һĮ
䣡
Ѫһӻ౶Ҵ
һɻذϯ˻ġ
ôܣ𽣶ʥȫסˡ
񶼿ʼҿûɰôһӱôĺܴ󡣡
һƬ䣬أźܡ
ʮأ
¼裬Ż𽣷ǿһС
ʮ𽣹۵֣ѵأһӾ˺˾ƣͬʱХƵѹơ
Ҫɱûһ˿֡

ƽٴ³֡
ţϣûа취ܣ콣޾һӽû
ڵɫ΢΢һ䣬ƻ¶ֻ֮ɫ
ȣ
أ
ţ˶һ𺳵ĳ档
Žϣȴֻ·飬Щȴûһ˿ѪֻۣһӡҲһš
˵ɺɫһͷɫ裬ԽĿ࣬һΣյϢǵء
ǣ
ǣ
ʲô
𽣶졢ɽׯʥһɫ䣬쵶Ų֪ʥҲɫ
ʼ壡
գһλɽׯʥ߲૵֮ɫ
ȷǻʼ壬ŽͬΪʣֻҵɲ΢һЩ쵶صĿ԰
û̫ӦԼʣһɲ壬Ȼʼ൱£ں
ĻĹʱлʼճԶ꣬˾Ǻҵʼ档
ôȥûһ˳Ϊʼ壬ϵ쵶ŵĵʥӣȻѪ
һʣѪŴ
Ŵɲ壬żѪ
ŴʸӵĿºͿֲ
û뵽㻹Ǳұˡһͷɫƽؿס


565 ʵĶԾ
ͨɫɢһɼΣյϢһɰǵء
ǻʼ壬ƾ֮õʧȥս
໣
ʩչ֮һХ˸߿յƲ㣬һȦȦɢȥһʱǿޱߡ
ƻɫӣһڣԭ׼ҵôһλӣĲ
ڵһЦû˵ʲô
ʼźܿͻᴫǣѸٻΪ֮һδ·ܳĵջ콾սӱŹꡣ
䣡
֮Խı䣬ֱףʱսֹ
ƴԽ¡
׽óֵƵʵĺܿ£һ˲ֱӾϡ
أ
ױķǧԶ˲ˡ
ͬսУ״ܵôص˺һХ޾âִء
ŵĵâƲ񷣬Ƶ£һɽ̼䱻նƬâضˡ
ʮأ
ϵĽɫѪԽŨʮڰУеĵϤס
壬ֻЩֶΣձն㣡
ƺն˫ջһļµ֣һ޴İɫϻ֡
𣡡
޻ɽ
ɫأģСĺǻʼеް׻
໣
ʱ޴İ׻ǿµԵأֻ޴צӾôס
ڼٵѹֻצתУʱʱɫĹâҪס
׳ХһӰһȻʮˡ
ǽӡתµЧ˷ֲ٣ʮһͬӽǧм׳ֱۣӴǰ׻
ûõģսѾ
䣡
ƿԽһȭѾͻȫ⣬ǰ׻ɫк϶Ϊһɽȥ
ɣ
Įޱȡ
׻һŹâҲ֮У˲󣬴һǿ֮նࡣ
ʮɴСܣױһƬգʲôڣҲʧûӰ
𶯣׶һסȥļĿƽȴ֪λʥвȻ
ΪµҲ΢΢ҲѾˡ
ʼͨɡĿ⺮䣬һеôСѳ
ʱ֪ʵҲһͨҸӵĹͿ£Ǻ

ƶͷܼĺ飬һͨתҪķѴάּʮϢѡ
һߣڵȫ¶ЦݣŽǱôλ쵶ŵʥϾܳʥһԾΪһˡ

ŭХݺᣬޱ߰ɢ֪ɢ˶Ʋ㡣
һӣһɹɫע뵽֮УҪס
һתսǧһʦҪң㻹ûͻȻһԽ
ѸٱļµϢǵء
ɫ䣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫһХӿּʮͷ׻ȫӿ˽ȥ
飡
䣡
ǧгѾɴɫг׷飬һͨ˸ŽɫâӰɳ
ģҲˣ

ʱףȷҲӳѪʮսеһαƵıŽ塣
ϵƼңȫӲӵģ˿ɽɫڳ˺嫵Ѫֱɡ
ɱ
ѳ׶˵һƾ˹ȥ
ɫ޼᲻ݣĥƵѹ
Ƶɫ䣬һڵǧڵâХɲǼһڵɱ
ƣ㲻У
൱ǿƣ𷢿裬һƽһƻѣض÷飬ǵֵֻ˼ƾˡ
׻ӳ֣
ŭХֳһ޴İ׻ɢǿϢһתͬһ
ƶȭ죡
ۣ
ͨҵĶײһȻ˾ͿƿһѪɳȥȫѪҺĽˡ
ͬҲǺˡ
һ˼ɣһƬնײˣֱըѣܵ˺ҪСöࡣ
ʮأ
䣬жɱͲ˵˻һٴɱȥ
Ӷʮɱơ
壬һᱨģƴУвɸֳһ˿֣վǴ˵еĻʼ壬бֶΡ
ɫĳķɳһǽڣȴʩչѪ֮ɲǼʧٳʱѾ
ޱ飬ֻһһλʥ̧ơ


566 
ĿģԲǧĴ֧飬緢һ޴ĵ𣬵ֱӰȥɣȻɢȥĲпζ
һȺʥߴӸ߿з˴ʮɡ
λȺ룬һХ״̬ȫɣǰδеƣ
пЦȻк֢ȫľھΣ۵
һ֣׻ӵԼ󣬼ЦоΣһûء
ôһؾڡ
ĪѩƶһԼʦƽºǵŵĲ㰲
ˣ˵ƻб£ܰȵ磬һҲȼ˶ѡ
׵ͷ˵һµĶ֣һս
˵ʱ򣬸ҲˣǶʱ졣
ڣˡƽڣֻǵһ˿ЦȴôҲβס
ɫͷһسŵˡ
쵶һȺʥȥѾֹסƣͷһף壬һᱨġ
ֻЦЦʲôû˵
ιƻҲһʵҲһֻѾԪˣеӶ𣿡䳾Ц䡣
ƻһסԵ磬ƽ˵ˡ
ɽׯҲͷ뿪ⳡģսôͻأĽˣ˭Ҳûϵôһ
𽣶첻ûб𣬶һõЩô
Щʥ߻ٵʥⶼʲôʥߵʵֻҪʱȫٴ졣
ҲԸ̬֮Ĳ̫һеǰװʧʥ
οֵõһʥٴۺࡣ
ţ磬λѣ¹Цӭȱ䳾˽𽣶졣
յĹڣһȺʹسš
¾ٱȱ䳾֣ص˵λѣǽ𽣶Ƿһ飬Ժ󶨻ᱨ𡣡
䳾Цһô˵ͼˣҺСһʣ֮ǰҲǣϺſֻʱģǰɶ磿
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵һδ𣬶ǶҲǻ£Ͷʵ۹һ׼
˴Цο׶͵ĵӣʵǵ˰
䳾ЦС̫ˣֱ˼ĸס
Ҹ׺صģǲҪ
ȱЦĸҺڼֻ̫ˣ¼˭֪
ЦЦ˵ǰˣ뼧ᲢۣδһĳɾͣҲˡ
ޣôα䳾ۡ
ܾˣ㼸ʱ֮󣬻ȱ¾ƱͻȻһЦֵܣæ𣿡
׶ʱһҲ¾Ʊ¶һ˿Ȼı顣
䳾ٺֱЦ΢΢һĨΡ
漴ЦʵǰʲôҪЧܼķΧڣزƴǡ
ȱЦȷһҪֵܰæҲֵܰװ׳³֮󽫻ʥ꣬Σ
һ𽣶ʥ߾㶼һ
Ϻſܻǲƴ֣ʥգ۵ľóתһˡ
ȱ֮£ز򵥡
¸ǰ뿪Цʵ׶ǱɵҪǷǳΣյ飬ҿҪܾඡ
ȱҡͷһЦģֵֻǳ뻯Ѱ֮ûκΣգҴһ·档
һݡ
һܶҪԵûΣգ
ⷢһԶؾؾޱ޼ʣǳĹҴǰȥһ̽ؾ󷨣ƽ⣬ҵֵܴܻУǶ֮ʵڲó
ȱЦŽ͵ؾǹ̶ģмٴţҴһ꣬⴦ԶؾҪһδ֪Ƭ򡭡Ҵ綼Խ롣
ʱܱǱ뾡Ƶһش󣬲ܶⳡԵҲӭɲμӣͬ⴦ԶؾΪʱһꡣ
ȱһ˵󣬽𽣶ĸ߲㶼üͷ˼ʧ
ô룬һΰһ飬ܵõԶؾأһɶԷǳı
ͨЩؾֻڻĹС
ǰҴӦֻ˼Ƭ̱ͷЦʵܳˣ
ȱЦνˣǾܶһЩҲ޷ԵһϷһʿȥˣϾԶսǴδ֪Σյġ
װĿ⿴¡
³Ƭ̣Ŀһ˵ǳʮˣ𣿡
ȱЦȻû⡣


567 Ѱ֮
Ϻſܺͽ𽣶Э飬ͬԶؾ𽣶Ͼ̲̫ۺܳʮѾǼޡ
ΪǻҪ쵶ź;ɽƹǽűǿС
ϺſҪˣǲҲԸʣȺݺϺǿߵжٵ̣˭Ҳ֪
ӽ׳ʮλʥ߾ͿԿóǵʵǿĿ£ҲúҶɵ
ҹѾȻµéݡ
׶Զؾ֮жǶһᣬпܻһԾΪɣˡ
΢ЦʦˣΪһЩ飬и˻أôࡣ
οصͷ̾иδɽ̵Уضţǡ
ЦЦ
ʦҺܺ浱ʱĺʲô뻪ȱλǰûȭҲల°ɡ
һЦǸܣԺٸ㡣
㬵Ҿ֪ɻδ֪ĵ̣ʦżһȥ⣬ûɣ
ȻްһԶؾҲЦ

ڶһ磬һȺ˱򿪴̨ҪȥϺ
ȱһۼͻȻЦЦ΢΢ַ֣ģСѸҵǲΣյġ
Уһ΢겨˸ºͻȱ֮ûκܸ֪ǼӢԼϵľͶӰһʲôʣӢ۾ϸϵ
ֻǶҪȥϺſܵϳӢһ䣬Ը̽ܣʴһʶȥˡ
һʶɢջ˾ͶӰ
𽣶棬շӣҲȻУŷϴȼλеſһλʥߣʮλʿ
䣡
̨򿪣һȺ˺ƺƵȥһ˲ͳһڡ
⵺﷽ԲŽ𽣶ʥ߶Ȼ֣ʵһС磬ڿռз֮пٵĶ죬ֲϺſٹأʼ޷ҵǳѨ
ؾ㣬յɽһǿϢݺύȻȫһλλʥߡ
λʥߣϺſܾӪ˶ʵȻаλʥߣʵȻĹҡշ级Ȼ˶Ϻſһںҵĳ
ȻĹҲľյ̣ûе龳ǿ򣬳Щ֮⣬ѾκһĹҡ
һ½Ƶĵ춫Ϸշ˿һĻ𺳵Ļ档
ǧɵĸ߿ϣһƬڶʱʱ֣շѾ޽ӽʥΪҲ޷ڶڵľ
Ҵͨͨǰؾĵ·⴦ؾڷٵ˶ţͨ䲻ȹ̣Ҫ⴦ؾͱ봩ԽƬڶڶÿδ򿪵ʱ䲻Ϣѡ
㹻ˡշЦЦ
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵ȻλѶԸϢһھ͹ȥɣϣλܵõһԵ
ơ
շһЦŴһγһ֣𽣶ڡ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ǳҲùһסˡ
ȱ΢΢һЦľųݶҲһº͵Ĺâһס
ߣ
ʱǺڶ֣ȱշһ˳˺ڶ
һǿʥһǺڶΧƻǾˡ
Һ׼ȫֱӺȥ޾ڶڷɱȫȴʱ䡣
֪˶ãصľͷһ˿շ羫һƣ¶һ˿Цݡ

ֱӳ˺ڶ
ǳɲǣֱͨӷ飬ޡ

ݣ
һȺ˽䵽һɵɽϣһɽ˷ΧдУȻ
ȥޱ޼ʣ·һ˵
ȱǵһÿŵ㶼б仯Ѿһʧȥϵ
֣ǽΣշܣֻϡƽȫһɲء
λѣֻԶؾΧҴѾؾ֮ڣʱ䲻ˣһ뷨ȱڵ
˵շͷ
ʵںܴҾӦ÷ֿȥѰؾڣٿʯһĳλҵڣֱʯҵȱٸ
շƬ̣Ц˷С
һףֵҲ֪Ƿȫ׶ȥѰڣʲôΣհɣ
ЦǰģҸСһȥһᱣ
Ц㱣
ôҲɲ𣿡ۡ
ȱ΢΢һЦ˵ַģޣ˴ţֵܺͼСѵʵʥ֣߳򲻻Σյġ
׾ЦˣʥߣҲһս֮


568 
ȱշԶЦ䳾ǴȤʥҲһս֮£
תͷߣ㬵ӻŸĪһѹ㡣
Ҳֹһȱ񹦴ɣһ
䳾ŭûڴ׺ͼѾʧӰ٣ԭֱš
ȱЦС黫ƹ㻹ǣѵ˵Ľѵ
ʵֵԹҼСʦܵĿûʲô˵ģë
䳾ұƭ֮ͨ˭ᣬҸ˭ƴ

һȺʥ߶Ц
ȱЦһ֣ˣҲȥѰڰɣϣһ˳ȡɲء
䳾ֵдǰ棬ûʲôġ

׺ͼѾԶݰ￪⣬Сι˵ô䳾ĺ𣿡
ЦҿղƵĺ˷ںˡ
УӻẦ£񹦴ʱѹһǿߡЦŵ˼ޡ
ֱӷɵУѰȥһɽûб߼ʣԤƬóɽûκûпһȺɽд
˦ֳһץɽʯըѼһ裬ϸ֪Щ裬ɫ΢䡣
ôˣʵ
Щ̺ȫʧ⼸ͨʯͷûʲô𡣡ֺݺһգֻЩߣʣֻǴķʯ
˵ʲô
̣ײţֻ˵Ƭ̫ˣķˡ
ʱһǰҿ̫ˣʱǼһûڡ
׻ܣһԵ
񻶺У˷ܵƽУǻʲôٶȥѰڰҪһٳΪʥ
£
ͻȻ׽ס󺰴еؼɫһӱ
ôˣ
һץסʩչӡɲǼͶһɽͬʱѸϢ
䣡
ͬʱǧɿ𶯣һ˸Žľ޴սڰУӴһͷޡ
һսܣսҾ޴Ǽս
ڴɽ׶ʱһ૵ģǼǽô߿ƼĶоĺù졣
޴Ǽս̨ҲһжôŲС
׵𾪣ȴ侲ö࣬һ۾Цԭսֲôš
ʲôطʵ
ʼԴǼԶһֺܹ֮ΪƼ޵ϣ游˵Ѿĥǽеľȥ޽ս
˰
׵ͷЩ̵֪Ψǿ֤Ĳ;ƼٷܸıҲ޷Ĳϡ
սȻҵԺ鷳˰ϲս϶ǲӣ֮дս
΢΢һЦͻȻ˵һȭܷǼսƣ
ǼսսɣҹͦѵģսɣǳĽʵ㿴һ̨ĿɶߣһĿֲ
˵䣬һ߾߻˷ɳм׸ߣźХƵĳһƬɽУ̼һɽ飬ͬʱڳһЩʯ
ߣԭΪһʲḻû뵽Ѿôˣɽ̺Ŀʯʧ
һߣսڴżâּӰ
ȫף˸ҫ۵Ľֻͷ¶棬һȫǿŮ
һ˫һָһĻ棬˫ͼϷɿصţɫü
ݹԵļ㣬ѾˣһûԴǣʲôū
ǻǰ֮ǰǼ򡣡һŮ
ã
ӵͷʱͶը֮𡣡
ģôݣ
׺ͼĿɿڴЩ˻ĺֻûԴɾҪһ
ҴµķԿЩ˾ԲǵһλѾᳵ·ˡ
Сӣô죿
˸Ī˷֮ɫٺֱЦȻҪֹҲһĸ߿Ƽײһ𣬵ǿ
ģôо첻ȷʵҪ֣Ⱥ׳ջⳡԵһ
ߣ
䣡
׺ͼͬʱӴɽɳɾǿϢǵء


569 Ƽ
ǿδ֪ϮһսһսǾ޴Ǽսʱ̶һĹâǼսסһɻɬǿɢ
Ǽˣһɫ䡣
䣡
׺ͼûзϻ֮ͿʼֱӾǿɱС
һ޴Ľͻأسֱ֣նǼ˵ŮԻ͵Ľ˺أݺɡ
ûһմӡĳǰԮ˴ɷĩ
أ
ʱǼŮȴ˿ţһΣȫʮ׸ߵĻˣֳּ⽣ǳȭסһ
׽ˣȥ飡
֮ǰ˵ĮЦһþû߰ñٵõ
΢΢һ˵ЩֶΣƼһЩ˸ķģڵķЩơ
ʱһ˼ʻսһڵգ˾㤵
˼
׷¶һ˿ЦݣһˣȻԿƼΪ
ֻʵǾ̫ʧˡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ϵѪ֮ղҪǿٱ

һнһ壬ɨҶƵĽս촷ۣ϶ΪһĽֱ¡
ͬʱЦųǼսϿգݺһƾȥ
ȻͨУһҾ޴Ǽս׺ͼԣһսûʲô
˵Щ˵ܷˣҲֻǷ˶ѡ
أ
ҲһƣڣͬʱӰһץһˡ

޴ĻڣһֵŮ
״ḥֱ̂ӷ˻ǣȻץַѨӵ档
Щ˵ԶǺҲͨҪǿܶ࣬ǻԵŮڵƵıں棬涼ҳһӡ
編ƣ֣˲书ͻ׽˼ˡ
񣡡
ֻʣһˣҲǰڵӡ
һһ֣źХķףһи˷ΧҪסס
ЩĽɣɫ˸Ȯγһ޴ġ֡
ԤϵģЩȻ״һ˿ѹȸС
ǡγɵʱնʱݣȫſµֱѹ
ΣǻҵרŶԸȺΪǵߵġ
ĴЦһ飬ȳƵġ
ʮأ
Եʱ״Ӷ֣ܵһ˿в֮ʩչǿɱС
ʮ޴֣ųȵһ͵죬ֱЩ
ȭ죡
ٴλӳһȭط佫Ǿ߻˴֧顣
ҳɡǰץȥָⶼһеĹץסǸӵнɫӡ

ʱҲһɫƺݺǼսϣս˲֧飬һ
񾪿֣翴ƵĿˣҲӵ档
սʵҼʮƲһЩŮʵôǣ
ЦЦȻ̿ˡ
űǼսһƬ꣬ʮȥݺļǽĶ֡
Ӵļǽӵи߿ƼսʿҲסһȭ֮
ڵϵǰǵĽѾƫ˳ԣٸߵĿƼҲֻǾˮ¶ѡ
ипһȻתЩʵŮ
һ̹ȥŮ
ǺȻֱ壬ȫˣҧԾûС
ˣ֪ǵЩӵ߾ȻǣҿǴ󽫾
ۣ
ޱ飬һָȥӵͷ­ɸӣѪԽ䵽Уޱȵľ塣
ϻǵĲࡣĿ⿴ˣһȺ˶ʱҴ
ٺֱЦ˵λŮòҪǿλֵϲŰŮˣҪŶ
ɫһڣָ˵ϲŮ˵ӡ
ʱ˵ˣҪ˵죬ɲ׵Ķ֡
˵ָһŵɫ԰׵ŮƽʵʲôĿģ˵ɡ
˵ǻǵķɴѾˣô뿪򣿡Ůʵ
㲻˵ھ
ðɣĿŵǼ̽ΪõһϵĲرͼ˵ӵ޾ıأǴӼϢ֮󣬱͵͵˳Ҫһõء


570 
׺ͼɫ΢΢һ䡣
˵ļҲᵽ
Ůɫ毺ãϴһʣһǵģ֮ǰҲˡ
Ϊʲôʵ
ЦһЩó߿Ƽ϶Ѿȥǵ鷳ˡ
ģ̽Ҳ
ǽɫһֱĬţ˿ͻȻ̧ͷ˫һ˿⣺Ҳ˵ر
ʲô£һƳȥ
ǳЦҡͷҵļ弴Ӳģڷ˱٣һ
ǵ纣ҲֻǽǶѣҵȼǿǰȻСϡ
ž
һȹȥЦ˵󻰣ϴôģǱ߸ˣ
㣿
Ůȫ
Ȼ֪ǳս㵽˭ѵǡѵȺħĺˣ˾ֵشС
ٺֱЦЦ
ʹҲ޷ĿƼѾȣȺħٴν٣Ҳֻܱɱ侲˵
ЦЦһӣǽӵұϵĶѴⲻϵӿһֳһ첲
ĿƼֶѾﵽ˼ĵز˵գǼʵΣʲôƾ̣Цʵ
ŮǸԼʵǿٵļ࣬Ѿūٿˡ
Щ鵱ūһȦŰɣ˫һ˿ŭ
Щ͵壬Ӧñū۵ġһӴȣַһĻǰ
׷ʲô£ǲ˵ˣǻڰʱڵִ򡣡
أ
һָĸ첲ȫ飬ǻ˲ʧ
ҵļʱ֮ͻᵽˣ֪𣿡ӴЦš
ģ
׹һֱӽ㵽Уһƻʣ
첲û˿ԳҰëʣһٸһԣ
Ů˵˭ٺҿڣҲһëʣһЦе
ʣµļˣȫûٸҷϻ
ˣ׼֮Ͳں˵ɱ˾ɱˣȫû˿˼ɡ
ŮһС˵Ѿȫ˵ˣȫܶѾˡ
΢ЦʵôǼսܸ𣿡
ŮһӸǺɵؿһۣʵսܲʵ֮ͨء
δáЦЦ
δع򣬸Ĺһݴأܷعʱ򣬵ѾǼ֮·
Ůڴָóһ龧ʯʱЦ˵ߣһʹô﷨
ǿռ۵ŮС
ƨĿռ۵ͨʦĴָ𣿡һǵĿƼʲôãôսһƴ򱬡
Ů˵ֻھʯעԼļ䣬һˮЦˡ
䣡
ͻȻԶͻȻһѵնһռѷԽԽ
٣оˣľԮӵˣͶܱסһ
ۣ
һָȥ˵ʱȫըһ̴
ϻ࣡
ؿԶգǿռѺԽԽԿһҾ޴ƥǼս½г
ģǴһô죿ʵ
ЦЦͻȻӣȻָ⼸һɨɱˣֻʣŮ
Ů鷳֪ͨĸ֣ҪλٻͲҪͶʲôըӣգ۾ʧӰ١
ŮؿʧðβŻع
䣡
䣡
һҾ޴Ǽս֣ռ׳ۣÿһսϷ˸Щ˵ļǽҪߵ̫ˡ
һֳ֣ףԾ
ҵޱޱޱޱСﵽ׷ʲô£үأһλǿ߷ûдףȻһλ޽ӽʥߵĸ֡
λһףսƥͨʥߡ
Ů۵һ޳֧֧˵һȺǿ߶ʱ¶Ũҵɱ
ɶĵ͵ȻҶ񣬾ɱһҲϴǻҵĳ衣

˵ЩʲôãϽȳ٣ȷر֮λԪ˧Ը
үүҲ𣿡Ůʵ
λǿ΢ЦȻԪ˧ҲޱޱȥսϢɡ
ޱޱӦһɻս
ˣȫɨŹǣһڱȻ٣ǿ߱һһɳɷ


571 
Ļ䣬һǼսϾͷɳĺɫԲ裬ԼĴָС鲻š
ţһſźɫԲͷɵУһɫâ˸һˡ
Щȫûëᣬûһ˿˵Ϣǻľսʿʵǿ
ͷڿУȥܹ졣
û٣Щ˻Ŵ֪ν֮ء
սڣпƼԱ˻ˡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һͷͷ۾һŰѪ֮ɢܷȥ
Ļ˿ԺɨһƬ򣬵ֻǻƼֶ֮һҲֲǽӻưļܣȷ˸ǡ
Ӳ뵽Լɷǣҿǳ۵ļ壬ֺ꣬ξһС塣
׸첻µز£ĹҶǣοԿƼΪ

ǧ֮⣬˴Žͣһɽϡ
Сӣʲô˵ҲһСڻҵΣ
ֽӶڵϣЦʵ
Ǻ˽Ҳ֪ǻңҽлХǻ٣ҸǿŵڶԪ˧Х侲̲֪ԷɱԼ
һԼˣǻҼпͶըʱ˭ȡñء
Хһ˵ţͻȻٿȻһ¶Цݣ¶֮ɫôԶĺǣˡ
ŭһͷϣ䣬װֹĿһʵХսѾ˰ɣ
Х˵ֱ̧ͷףҿԸ㣬ǻѾˡ
ÿһ˵ʵǼ𻮷֣ӦΪǲǶֵġ
Х˵ңңˡһսĵ·
أ
ֱһȭХΣ־ͷŽָУ˼Ѱؾڲƽ
ƲЩʥȥˣȥսսʿҿֲ̫ˡ
ЦЦ˵ȱǰΪͨ񣬱ǷҪ̽յľٶҹȺʥѾȥ⣬ȥɱŵǿˡ
ɲҪҪôŲߣ
ױĵؿĳ˵ô£Ϊδǰ;ǰ
ˡ
ţͻȻɫһݣͿպѹѹһƬвͷ˷
һɹɱŰǵأֲ񷡣
׺ͼһۣ˷ܣѵõᰡͷʿľˣ㹻ǴսһʼԴôõĻᡣ
һģٺЦҲң
ЦЦֱóХͳ˹ȥ
𣡡
ͷ˸ܵɾǿĵ⣬һٴα󣬸ʮɸߣһɺӿ
ս
ս
׺ͼ൱˷ܣһ˹ȥͨתս
أ
һһɺͷϯȥһɨȥֱӽЩ˽ʳƬ
ѵõĶᣬЩ˱ֳװͨ˫ۻһڡ
ΧսѾ죬ҲɱܵһЩˡ
ұ۱һֱӹᴩǳȵľĿƼǿķ˿ںȬ
ңʮͷѹŴȫѪ߰ߣҺüҵûܱסһ
ʮأ
׳Хʮ˳֣ɨˣԼʮͷ˱ͨУֱӾͱڵˡ
𣡡
˿̣ԶͷˣǿµıŰϢ׺ͼɫ䡣
ҿܣ
ܰ
һµʱ䣬˻սжȹÿʱÿ̶гȺӵĻ˳֡
ÿһս൱Ĳңһαͷ˰ΧЩûͻΧȥ
һΣȫˣһɽȬ
䣡
һ֮
ɫâҰ񵽼Ѫޱ޼ʣֳһ޴챮ɢĪϢ
ΧǼʮͷˣһֻѩɫӡɢǿϢֱѹա
أ
еĻ֧飬ѪЦģڴﵽڰˣǲװ
ҲսЦŷЩӵĥûа׷ѣһɱͷˡ
׹һһô죿
΢΢һЦ˵ٵЩǼսŻԽԽ٣ǼսķҲԽԽˣҵƲûдȻŵûǿǾ˵ǰǳˡ


572 ռ
ҹ׺ͼϢľݵ㡣
뻪ҺԶҲܿһĻĻ𺳵Ļ棬һսڿУƵģ鶼һս
ĵĵشһҾ޴սڿУݺͨ̽ɫâΪ׳ۡ
̶һµʱ䣬ͱΪ»أĿƼֶλһ㣬˳ԡ
װ̾ĿƼˮƽٷչǧҲδظϵϣôһС
ƹԻ͵ĻϿյƻԻͣ磬һͷͷѲӣĻˡ
񿴵ͷƤ飬Сݻҿŷͦѽ뻹һǧͷ򡣡
Ҳ൱ɥҡͷǲǶ֣ﲼõһλʥޡ
δءһ٬ͻȻ
׺ͼȻһȫЦ䳾Ƶĳ֣һ˫۾¶ЦЦ֮ɫ
ǰôˣ׾ϲ
ҲЦʵǰŵսˣս𣿡
ȻûнΪŵô׶Ըģвǿߣսֺܾˡ
Ȼʵлȱǰѵһ˳𣿿ŵʵĲСӡ
䳾ߵҶЩˣǿŵмʵǿһĻ˺ͻˣ̫ˡ
׺ͼĬȻ̫СƻЩƼΪˣûȱЩˣжôǿս
Щ˱ΪǿóƼֶΣÿһ˶ӵв֮Ǵӣ޼¡
۾ͷ˵֮ǰҲŵˣǼıѾǷ켫
֪ҲƽǴսұǴݻսݡ
ٺֱЦǰæʲô
䳾ߵҴñӣҵļƻ£һȥԸսʣȥԸ
׵ͷİǰǲʧ
䳾һ¶һĨЦǡʲôһսɡ
һս
䣡
ʥǿɢ޿ƥеϢ䳾һ֮ͿǧɣɲǼͷɵݺսڡ
ذذذ
̶ľ׺ͼҲƵģ˹ȥ
ȭ죡
մӡ
ֻУԭҹٿȻһսڰбըĵ÷顣
ţһһ߮ȫܼĽɣǵƵĹˡ
Ҳʩչҵľѧ
һХɫâ˸䣬ʯسڰУסսļߡ
ֿսѸٽЩˣȻǰϡ׵
һЦһɱ˹ȥ
ҲХһɫĵֱӿʼѹͨǧﶼڲ
ݣ
ĵ⡢âȭӰǼսгģʿսַ赲ס

Իֱͣŭնȥ
𣡡
ʮͷΧ˹ųֱӴ̹ȥͲĽݺᣬֻʮйͽʮͷɱ
ԽսԽ£纣ͨ޵Уÿһжź嫵ǰȭԶʮսֱӴ顣
ôһ·ѹȥȻҲżˣΣս񣬻ԡѪ
أ
ʱͻȻ͵һ
׺ͼȫһ૵ƯĢưģϽߡ
ʩչƴȥҾ޴սݿʼڲըγһ޴Ģơ
һɻԵԪǿһɲǼͽнͬȫݻ١
ʩչӡһǧɣҲ죬һȵɲǼͽûˡ
ۣ
·ʥһȫʼѣؼʱ̼ȫǱƳǧɡ
գһʱըķΧڣûǰ̫ˡ
ֹףֱҪıɱ߳ɫҰûһ˿ѪɫȻҲˡ
ޣҲû뵽ǸƨսԱôǿҲ𣿡䳾ͷس֣ȫ㣬ӶˣԼսݶô¡
ס׺ߵ
䲻סҲŸһ䡣
˵Ϳʼ붨ˣ䳾۴У̲ס³һѪԼҲ૵˰Ǻþòеء


573 ٴζɽ
ʱ֮󣬼Ż۾ɫâȫڣ˫Ŀһ
һߣ䳾ѾȬЦеؿ˵ָıҪһЩ
Ц˵ǵȻүǡףôСӻûѣûһָġ
ˣ
߲Զǽɫâͷųһ͵ĹâΧʮɡ
ױ˫ûѣüǳԾû˱׵Ŀֲճ˵СѾȬŶԣôõʱ䡣
䳾΢΢һЦҪȡЦ䣬ȴͻȻоһļµɫٿȻһ䣬ȥͬʱ۴ѽСҪɽˡ
ʲôɽ٣
УȻͰ컹ûҶɽٳɹһβװҪ׷ˣҸǶˡ
䳾ЦЦ֮ӣζɽ֮󣬿ʥ֮һˡ
Ʋ죬Ҫֲ֪˵ʲôΪԼҲڵȷ׵Ķ֡
СӼֱһ̥Ҳ֪츳Щ˵е
䣡
ʱճ״һƳ֣ٿȻĿ⣬貣ѹȸС
ɣ
һȣƵģǽƶһ飬ебʼ̼ơ
ž
һɫƾ£ƵĴϣŷĵâ
һ٣ƺƴ޾׺װȻս絶
壬׺д壬ԣһִĥѣƺҲѪǺɣǳǱ
һХž͸ԭˣױȵ츳ڵֿⳡ١
䳾ͼ񶼿ˣôҲ벻ʿɽʱɣֱʥɽʱҪġ
գ׿ాʱЩɢһХؾԴԴյڣʱ˾;Ȭˡ
״Ӵָóһ·ϣֵлǰڴ˻ҲܰĶɽ١
ʱеأҲǰΪ㻤ˣлĺ𣿡
ôҲ⣬ֺٺ˵ӽ죬ǲ޵еĸо
䳾Ҳ˵Ԫ֮£ҲûеˣǽûдﵽԪҲĶ֡
Ц뵽ǸĮŵĽڽʥӣ۾˵ѾﵽʥһλУݲ
Ѿȥ㴳˺պȴʼ伣ֻ˵ڱչǱޣʺͽڽ̵࣬ʥ߲ϡ棬ҪʤŶ
״Цɫƣ˼ǿĶ־սҸĳɳ
ֹ̬
䳾ؿһۣ̾Сӣҿ㣬ǵԺΪ֮ҪŶ
ǰĪҪȡЦˡ׿Ц
䳾һЦˣϻǲ˵ˣǾȥѰؾڰɣǳսҲҪӽβһļġ
΢Цͷȱ˸ȻƽܺıѪ޷Ĩġ
ҪǼλӵнĸõʲôı

Ѿûĸ֣ЩҲ̱˿ʼѰؾڡ
һΣ졣
һ£ƬϿȲѰؾھ档պһϿ档
ϿȺΰ׳ۣһͷߴХķһɽһ㣬̾Ϊֹ
ʲôҵʶǱȥûзκ쳣䳾üʵ
ЦЦƶ˵ΪϿȶ۷һϷڱʵ󡣡
æʵа취𣿡
䳾ЦС֮£޷Ҳ˿ˡ
ϸĦţ˫֪ʱɫ⻰һЦǰ߿ˣֻ˵ΪǷδ֪
С
ˢ
һϤ𣬽ʮ˴зΪ׵ĺȻһ΢ЦĻȱ
׼æһշˣֽ𽣶ʥͬӶŰġ
磬ˣ䳾Цʵ
ȱҡͷȻʱĺƽѣҲȷǿ󣬲Ҳҵȴˣʱȥƺ֪رٲպؾǡ
䳾Ǿͼɱ£ҿмġ


574 
ȱһ֣˵Ժ˵ЩҪС󣬶ںŰɡ
΢ͣƬֽ̣ЦСʲôҪģ뾡ܿھǡ
׵ǰġ
һȺ˶˵
ʣһµĴвٿϿȣѰﵽǷ켫ĵزҲԷصĴ
䣡
һɫԽӳȥȫ貣ѰѾȫʩչ
ɫ˫ʱ۲ţǿ߷ˮǾܼţһɫ飬ҵÿһɽϡ
֪䣬ʱ֮
أ
屬ѣѪǺɣ弸飬Ѱʦʩչ̫ɵķ֮
ȱ׼һżֵǵĵҩ͹ȥһȥתķˡ
ڴ¡¡죬Ӵɲ⣬һȬˡ
ѰķѾ˴ţлȱһԻͲЩ߾ȫתɺۡ
һ֮
ɱֱվʱ˫ڵľѾһ棬뻪ȱ˿ĴϿȽȻͬ
˫УĴϿȾһһϷ
ϴڻ׹˸ֱʱѾ϶󷨵֣Һһ󣬻˵ôͨǿʹǰϷȱݡ
Ҳûȥ֮
λǰѾ˽תͷһƣЦ档
ʲôͷӡʵ
Цɴɱ֮һ˵̫ŵʱ˶ޡ
һȺ䳾ֹûôŰϻ˲ɣ
ȱȻɣҵȿǧأкãֻɽѿѡ΢΢һ٣΢üͷʵСѣȻôķǻϣȥ𣿡
΢Ц龳ǿҲδͻƣǲȱķʧȥ˽ųɵǰ˵ķλȥһʱ̱ܹơ
á
ȱͷҵСѵǲ
ǰˡæ֣˵Ϸ¶Ŀɡ
ײֿ̤ʼý֮Щɫȥһɽƾʧ
ţһɷŰɫĻϿȰΧͬɫһɣټ
׵󴳴󣬷߾ͻ̼𣬱ɱ
һȺ˷ɵУԶԶؿȥһͷޣ˵;㤡
Ҫе侲ݵطԸȱ˽֮Уָķλվ¡
ԼҲ֮Χ˲任·վ֮Уؽһ
۷ѡЦ˫һͿƺ֮С
׽ȱ˵һΪף
ǴӸߴȥϡЩǡһģһ˿Ľɫ罫Ǵһ
ףס
λ󣡡״𣬽źշ𣬻ȱҲֱײ
䣡
ʼ죬һ˾㤵Ϣһźɫ£ˡ
ȴ֮⣬˶һ̫ˣһ֮ʥҷ
϶ɫâסһɫ׹žȴʥٻҪֲࡣ
˵սľΨֱֲ׵𣬲ȿ󷨣ϳŲȱ
˵ʧĺܿ죬ȱַȥ൤裬ŷϴǲ߶
λȫңϾƵˡʶХһ
䣡
һɹӿɢɫâݺһײռ䶼͵һ
ܾұ任ۻһֳĻ棬һĻĻ𾪵Ĵս档
ǻǿ֣һսǳ𣬺һȺ龳ǿߵս
ȱһģôͿԶǵǶôĻԻͣ龳ʿôࡣ
š
һĪһתĺڶʾ侲Ǻڶؾ
䣡
ɫľֱӱȥ
ø߶˴ؾƬ̺󣬴૵
һƬǰƬռ൱غ£ΪһưܵĹռˡ
һ޴ĹУǺΰ׳ۣǲԫϱڣƮء
ؾܣ˾ȣĹҶ˴


575 ԰
Щ֪ڶõʱ䣬⹬Ҳ̫ˣһչ𣿡䳾˵
ȱԽѾóųݶңȷûΣղһЦȻѾϵɡ
šϺſ˶ͷһܶǶ̫Ҫˣ糤һ㡣
ȱóһöֱ飬׵˺صŵһܵĽ٣λܣж
䣡
Լһյ裬һؾ۵ĵ֣Ǵߣ˿ӡ
硣
ǰ
Ϻſܺշ˶æ˵
ȫûһ˿ѹڿҡڲʱӣһܿڵҵǲ
ȻһԵǵȻҲҪһඣʵСѵĹͣѰҲմ˹ġȱЦǺǵ
һ΢΢ףҲһ˿Ц⣺һûãλСѵΪоϲɺء
æֵǰˡ
ǫѷŽһʱôûҪˡһ΢ЦҲ˵ԸÿһڶءͨǿѰҡ
ȻԵҲΣգֳܷɼ֧ɨ˭ܵõñͿǸ컯ˡ
˷׷׵ͷȱʵģ
ô
һЦʮ֮ȲȥΧɨһʱҲȥҡ
šϺſܵͷڻȱ˶Եһ˵ÿһ仰ǲ˿档
мСģÿһԵҲաһ˵һ䣬ͻʧˡ
һȺ˫ð⣬һ
໹ֽУǻʲôȻбǸϽȥɨһ
ȱ΢ЦҴʲ˵ˣΣգȥѰұذɡ
΢˼Ƭ̣˵ҾԼȥ̽գӸղŴǰĻУѶϢ
ţʲôѶϢȱʵ
״﹬࣬ԵΣճ̶Ӧ͵ģԽ룬Σճ̶ԽߣΪǰʮ֮
ĺеΧΣճ̶ԶӦߣ㵥̽ջǴͦյġȱ
Ц˵лǰģҶⲻֹһѰұ֮ãҲһ֮ãѰҵͻƵ㣬ҪжҲҪ̽ա
ʱΣյġ
ȱһ£ͷǺãмöǶֱһö˭ΣվҲԵһʱԮ
ã
һȺͬ⡣
ŷַ֮ʥߺХߣȫѡһշǴŷϴˣóʲô⡣
׺Ǳһô˭õıࡣ
ЦȾͱȣѡһδ䣬˾ʹܳȥһͷɽһεڡ
ЦЦĿһȦѡһɫǧɣ֪˶ãڿУҹ졣
Ҵ⣬˽ȥɲǼܾʼ任Զ濴ĻҪ࣬ڱ֣Ҳнеʿ
ȴЩսʿ֮⣬ഩŹϷεĳӣ֮İɫ
ϣһӰɢϢ
ҲûиֻԼʲôطνıںδ
ˢ
ͻȻüһĨϹ⣬һͷ滢ɫС޳֣Ȼϵۡ
Сϣôˣ׶ʱϲ
ϵҡСβͣߵұһϤϢˣ㻹б£Ȼҵˡ
һæʵ֪ʲôط
֪ҵļУһλŽ˹ϵܺãλǿĴҲ巢ʲô˭Ҳ֪Ƭ磬λŽ
а˰λǿĴͬѵʬ޾ۻıء
һԾʵҲ˵ʵһ԰һǿʬ԰
ǰ
ϵۺƵʵôҵģⲻ̫ܰλŽʩչͨ׽⴦԰䵽ʱô꣬˭֪ط
Ϻһܣҵط״ǵһԽغ͹졣
ܷħ򣬶ҵôһ԰ϵŶܣ

ϵҲһԲ򵥣֪ĹӴ


576 ŵ
΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ򵥣ǼܿĹźңҶνֻҪܵõôҹʲô
ϵһûûΣ˲ſ£֪ʲôʱһ
׻˴һ߾߻ֵսʿͷƤ΢΢飬ʵСϣ֪ʲôط𣿿Щλ
ͨʥ£ƿһž޴һ㣬һλ龳ڵĸ֡
׷ۣЦܲǣҲûҵʲôطб
ϵۺȻһЦͻȻβͺݺһ˦ֱӽ׳鵽ЩսʿվڣԼһϹǱ׵üģЦϾ֪Ѱ֮ˡ
䣡
һֵ̤Ĺ㳡ʱնһһɬգһ壺һսɻŵ֡
ʲô
״ؿſһ֣һʧûع
⾿ô£͵ϵϷʲô𣿾ȻҪزܻý
̫˰ɡ
׻عһʵʵɱϯЩֵսʿۣһĿ⿴
ҿͿʼһս𣿡׷ۣŲһǾ޴ĵ⡣
𣡡
սŭųķӣɱ
˵ÿһλսʵͨʿҸԶмʮλźɫеĽ죬ǲδָ֣ս
Сϵĵ״ҪǾŵһܴͨںá
Һ㻹ʥߣһսҲʥߵʵ϶Ƕˡ
׾һ߿ʼͬʱʵЩսݵֵʵԶΪ𣿡
ǵģһض˵ѹҪһԻЩսŻýС˵
ʵô֪ôࣿ
ϻþλŽõģĶȤζϵ̾Ϣ
ף

ʮأ
ȭ죡
Ǭ󣡡
ɽ֮
׿ʼսͨЩսϴԼͨϴ̼ԼǱ
ÿÿɽˮʱųһŵ裬Ȼٿʼս
˰µʱ䣬еսʮźɫеİ벽Ԫսɱ˹
־һҹսų׽㳡еս
һսʧɲǣͻȻһ¶һ֣һ档
ȻǾŵķüɡ
ϸĦѸٽͨԺȻֻƬ̼ķʧˡ
գҺϼƪķпӴˮһգλȱĶȤζȻ׷ۡ
ûм뿪ϥһԸķ֮
ȻλͳһͨԲ̫ˡ
պ
໣
һ֮䣬һ֣һƣɢϢܡ
ŵ֣ǿʩչһһһƣ벽Ԫʿޡоһ뵽
һͨȰȭ컹Ҫ֣Ҳû뵽һھĺ¡
ȴŵ֮⣬ɨһ뿴ﲻɣ
֮⣬ǵӰʼϣɢҿµϢһĥʶϸϸ˼ۣӰһ
ǿߣ䣬Ҳһݡ
䣡
Ȼ͵׾ϹʱӰͻȻѣĹĻ֮С
һ˸ľ޴帡֣λƵ˾ȡ
һɫһڡ
ΪȻǾŵֺƪķؼԭ֮ǰõķģżȱݡ
ǰȱݵķؼһ·ȥпܾͻ߻ħħ
Ǻкñ
ƪķΣȻϸ򣬰֮һ֮䣬ֳһɫһֱֻ֣ǰѹȥ
أ
շ飬ܾ޴
Ǿŵ֮ղŻҪǿ᲻٣ȻֻһҲԿͨʥߡ
ɨһȷûκˮ֮㬵ȥһһûУͳһİء
ʱǶûԤϵؾǿȴ˷츲صı仯Ͳ
ǵգֱӱһʮĿӣ·նƵģһҾ޴ǼսɳÿһҶޱȵӴ˷ɳף¶ͷȫ䣬Ϣǿķ˼


577 ǿս
ХԪ˧ǻʿ֮ƴһʧأΪ˶սǻġ
֮УΪ׵ļֻǴŵףʵ˵ǿᣬмڻȱ
һλɫԶ΢΢һЦߵ˵
ߣҲվһˣǻҵϹŶХ죬ǵͶѾܴ󣬶ǧˣѾܳ죬ꡣ
Хƽ˵ЩʧҡǻҵĸǻЭŶñأҪɵķݶ
ɣθ̫ˣıؼֵǷõгʵɵķݶ̫ˡ
ĽּۻǻҵĵߣӦҿԵͷߣȻǰǻʵУұϾǰֱͼ
Ľɫ粻ٺٵǺֶΣȻĵõİֱͼ޷Ҫǻ㱨
ҵšХ΢Ц
ĽɫһһһҾ޴Ǽսڡ
ХҲ΢΢һ֣󼸰һٶȵԸ
Ѿ̽ʢһּϡеĿʯֲд棬ȫռ
ǣ
һٶ˼ʻսХݺᣬʧС
Ľ˿ҲһǼսڷɳĿʱһݣЦЦҵհɡ
ɣչļ۸񲻻䡣ХЦЦʵѯʵˣ
ɵķݶ̫ˣǴṩʮݸţЩͷӲŻͬ⡣
ʮꣿ
ХߵЩͷӵθڵͦSԭҺԭ֮һֻṩ֮꣬ǰķݶṩ̸
Ľ˼ΣͷãҴŴӦκҲ뻪óͼɡ
ҵսʿǻХһ֡

״ڷɳ󣬾ĿһڿУѾҪѡһ
׵Сֳ˯ˣôѣ׿Զһ޴һͷͷ˽ȥ
ǣ
ɽȥ֮󣬿ǰһĻʱˡ
һƬǿգĿãã޼ʣ·һƬǺڣһſŴ˸⣬ҫŵĿռ䡣
һ˸ɫâʯ̳ɵ·һ·ȥ֪·ľͷǺη
Ŀռ޴󣬸ûоͷתͷʱźȻֳڴҲʧˣ·һƬУԮ
ģˣʲôط̤ɫʯ̳ɵСϡ
һʱ򣬿ռһ˿
ƾ۳ͷ޴ħݺᣬֱӳɱͨƥ
ľһ󸡳һƽͷħ顣
ͷħʧͬʱһöɫĴָڿУѸʧ
䲻״ҲöɫּУֽǰȥ̤ɫʯ·
ʱÿÿ˼ʮɾͻͷħʵҲ𽥵ǿ󣬶ÿ֮ͻһö֡
ʮöֱס֮׻Ȼһǿķҿ΢ӵͨǲܵһͨ
ʱȥһƬ嫵ǺӣһУǳļž͹¶
䣡
ͻȻ󷽴¡¡죬֮Ӱսƾճֵħǳ׳ۡ
Ϊһ˳ֻͷħʮ˳֣ӭľͻֶʮͷħ
ã
ۼ⣬һĻսпһ
ΪֳֵȫʶЩһףЩױ磬ܷĿļ⡣
ˣǾȻô͵ˣֹһ˽˴Ǵٽؾˡ
⼸ʮŲѿƿ϶ǳƴ󣬹ÿһڶѾ벻ٸ֡
ĹӣǰˣʿˡЩҲף˸ߺ

ǼʮȫһնЩħ֮ͳ˹
иЦһЩܿǿһԸǿ
߽һƣЩ⣬ݵͣŷɹ֣Цʵ𣿡
ɱ
Ϊ׵һ˸Ͳϻݺһ֣Լȳһȭ״
ȭ֮УЯŸͨ΢΢ЩΪȭоȻһöը
Ȼ֪ըҲ̫
֪𣿡
ЦȻǾŵֱ֣һƱ㵲ȫ
ŴǧɴСֱѹȥ


578 ԭҺ
ž
Щϵ׷׷ѣһоŵֻ緢һƲɵơ
λȻһжһ򣬲˵ͨͰԵ
飡飡
ЩҺûü׷ױѻһѪžͱǹա
ֻǵһλ׳ֵˡ
ɫ󺧣ͻȻͷֳһԲһƬĹâĻƵĵס׵Ĺ
ܣ
΢΢һЦĿƼȷʵһܾȻԼȫһ
Ҫ֪ڵĹɱ˫һԴɱͨİ벽ԪʿǳİԵ׺ݡ
ɱҵ׷ߣ档ɫٴαٴмʮ׵ļڳ֣һԵĹߡ
ۣ
һ߽׵ļᴩһƬѪ
ԵĹһ꣬ѤΣգǿĿ¡
״ŭɱʢһĳ羪İƵģҲʮлһ⣬âֱ꣬ӳˢ¡
ڵͨ󣬶һƻͲͣٴθֳһһƣסеĻߡ
Һô˴ֻһǿ֮·ĹΧڻһ
ԲĹâһɫ䣬ûлعͿһֻ޴ƾҲԲֱ顣
һȫĹͷ

˲ҽУ޼£޷ԭһŰеľ
㡭㲻ɱңԸеı游һλϡ˴󺧣һκûӦôеĸһ̽ա
ڲõʱô
ʲô΢΢һЦԿϻһöָǴָ
öָƷܸߣǱԸȡɱ˶ԷҲ޼¡
һƿSĽԭҺ˼æ
ԭҺʲô΢΢һüͷʵ
ʱܻҪСߣһ֪νĽԭҺʲô
ߵĿƼƷһƿSԭҺҪµʱ䣬ȥһƿһͨӳ꣬һܽΪʿ
Ŷ
ΪȤ۾Цҿ
Ҫ֤ɱҡ
Ŀһûּۻ۵ʸɱ֮ҲʦųǿƽĴָ
ɫһףԥƬϱһƿҺ壬ƿӶƳɣ΢΢ɫ͸
ƿװεɫҺ壬׶ƿӾִ򿪣һɼǿʱ
ǿȶ衣ܵƿҺ޾׵ɫڴ䡣
û˵ѣȷǺֵǮĶ̺Կȼʮŵ衣
ûԥֱӹУתķʼνSԭҺ
䣡
ȫ¡¡죬Ӵǧͬʱ죬ƺƴǷ
˴ףŲزסľ
û뵽ôһƿSԭҺôˣҪ֪үүҪôһƿԭҺҲҪʱ
Ϊ׵⣬ķɾSԭҺҩ˲ͱŽա
һ
ͨɢɽ⣬֮Хأǿ˲˼顣
׸оԼΪ־˲٣Ȼڳڰ죬Ҳһ˲ﵽԲ
ôһƿԭҺʡȴһĿޡ
Ǻö˫ð⣬ˣûУҲֻһƿ
˲Ϳ޳ˣҡͷæ˵SԭҺĶҲֻɲܵõһƿҷҾûˣ
ûУ
ġĿеɱ⣬棬ɫǲ԰ס
кʧӶԷıԿСϵȷûĺñˡ
ǡ
תһ룬ֽʵôԭҺôƵģӦ֪ɣ
֪Ҳ֪˵ң֪ƵҩֻлҺŲſԽܡ
ң
һ뵽ǸԼָеĻХ
֪Ķˣ㲻ʳԶʣ˼ɫ粻æɺ
㻹ʲôһóɡ׿Ц˵
ɫǷϣһӴָóвϧĿʯͼǹ
׸Ȥ޴Ļˡ


579 
һֻ޴ĻˣͨɫһĨĨ⻪ҫţмʮɸߣһֺǿӾ
游ҵĻ񣬿Խ׵ڲ˸ڣǹӵͬʱǧöС͵ĩը
˼æͣΨײͷԼɱ
ֻ˵ú׼ֱסˣ߿ƼĶǰû
ֻ޴ҪһʼͼʻŻ˽ܵľ͸ˡ
Ȳ˵ãֻǧöС͵ĩըͲܶԸġ
ܺãЦЦؿһ̯ڵϵˣ¶ŹֵЦݡ
Ҫɱң˿Ŀеɱ⣬ŵþ˻㲻ܱ塣
ЦҺʱ˵ɱ㣿
һ㶣漴ղŵĶԻԷȷûдӦɱԼ뵽Խĵɫ¶ޱߵľ֡
ģôõսףôɱ㡣ЦЦŤͷǰȥ
ǰȴеľ񾭶жˣܿ˵һ仰
˽ֻܾƵǿ֮·ˡ
״һαƵˣǸڸռʱɱ֣ȻҲʲôˡ

ǿ֮·ǰȥֵħʵԽԽǿһͷħв
һ·׵ΪͨӦ֣һ˵֮ͨ
ĵԽԽ֮࣬ͣӵõľĿǿ֮·ƿҪˡ
Ϊþʮ֮˾ţȷһźĪͨһƿĶ
ֻͨǳѣҪ󷨣ҲҪкϲС
ƫƫ׶С
֮֮ʤ޼ĲϸȱѩƵĸ͸ıأӻܾá
ɱ
ϣ׼ǰʱ򣬺洫һɱʮӰ˶
ͬʱһֻֻ޴Ļˡ
ģˣȻô겻ɢĿ΢ɽХֱѹȥ
أ
Уٴγȭðȭʮشȥ˾ȡ
Һǿ֮·ʵսûʲô𺦡
ļʮ˲ϵǿʩչֱͨøһʱ׵·硣
ˢ
˫ȫݻһƬĺһǺǵصѹȥն΢΢Ť
ٶȿ쵽£ָϴ򱱣绢ԾڣЩ˼սһ
գһХȫʮʩչмµĽɽѹ£Щѹࡣ
߿ƼĲﻹ治öԸණֵȥѧϰġ
뵽ȴƿSԭҺԭҺƿ䡣
ȥֱ֮Ϊûкá
ԺһҪŪԭҺ䷽ʱ𽣶ʵﵽʵķԾ

𣡡
ߵǿ֮·ľͷһ޴ķĹĹӡż֣дţ˫սʯ֮Ĺ
׳Ĺʱһ˻һâһͷо޴ħ
ÿһͷħϢ纣ǿĲ˼顣
ڷĹܾȻͷǿħĹмͷǿħĿ׺ϢʵʵĿɨһ
ģˣ
û˿ԥֱȥֻһ˳ǧɡ
ŲƣʱͣԶ˫սʯĴĹŰȫ
ҪҪˡɫâһǾ޴Ļ˳Աߡ
ĻϢѹȸУײǲݻ׵ĸ֣ҪʹָĥһС
ѸڲխСǿ֮·ϿʼĥϣҺľޱǿ󣬸ֶٿأþȥƣ޴Ļ˶ʱ
ˢ
ʱڻĥϳɹַ֮
׳˱Դ֮⣬ǹĵط׽עȥ֮󣬾תתʱԵĹܾ޴
ڣѾаȥԸЩħˡٿŻһǰ˫սĴĹ
𣡡
ͷħ֣һƵĳ
ײٿŻӭУʱħһԵĹڣȻ׵ķҲӭҪúܶࡣ
һʱͷħ˽һ롣
ˣʣµҪԼĥղǿ󡣡Żشָײָ罣һ޴Ľ⽫һͷħг롣


580 տ
ԻʣµһٶͷħȻ֣ͨгֳ
ǧڶ¡¡죬ŽͲһɽѹ£ܽһͷħ
ЩħȻҲڵģͨóսս˾ȡ
أ
һͷħһȭһڱֱײ׼ϣһѪƮŲĲ֮ء
׻ֳȭȭݺѹȥħֱѹĩ
ҵսڽţ׵ͨԽǸͨ໥֮覣սҪࡣ
䣡
գǹʱһħԴ֮һХɫѪ

ģˡڵϣȫʪյĶǺˮһͷͷħʬʧĿԶĴĹ
˫սʯ죡
Ҳݺһλǿߣ׷λսݺƥ
ˣ
ǴĹһȦȦ͵ĵɫâĳ֣Żн˵ͼΡ
ȱĿԭǽнտһæȱĿμС
ȴȱĽտ֮⣬ʯܡ
ԭλ˫սǳڷţл۸ǻ׷λڣʱӴһϵķ䣬Լ㴴տ
տһϴԵͨкܴĲȻҲ԰ѻɿܣƵĿܻԼ˼룬ʲôûиı䣬ֻǱһʵԼ˵ͷ
֮տбȻзص֮ǷŹȻˮΪ
Ȼ
ϥǿ֮·ϸϸоŽտƪŰĪ
п֮ūۻ˵
׽óŴӴָóһЩϣտİ취Ҫһס
ȻܴĩըЩǹҲһȱ㡣
Ǿǲ編һܹշġ
ҪʻףóȻڲٿأ̫鷳ˣұȽϷ
սʱ˲Ϣ䣬Էûôȥ׼ôá
׾һһԼƵĵơ
վ֮װստϵİ취һ죬ڽΪһ
䣡
һָǻڰУɫĹâһһϢѹ
ȻûʥķԵֿһʥΪͬĽᾧ
ಣ
һУ˶Ļ忪ʼСһ׵ϣʱһĳľƣֱӴգȻÿռһ¶
ˢ
һɽ𣬺ХƵĳյ
ãñ
׾ϲѾɸɹСշ磬Ա任ΪԼϣųǿĵֿܰȻסʥߵȫһ
ԭеĹܻţֻҪһ֮䣬ǹͻᷢһԵĹߡ
Ŀ˸ţ˻Ӧ𻢵İִࡣ
ϻѾʥսһսʸ

գ׳ŴĹľһȻԭ·أǴĹصʱ򷢳һҫ۵Ĺ⣬űʧ
պ׿ڡ
ݣ
մ߳Ȼһ߱Ƶռ𺳡
ձһļµĳߣЩǹǳȻһشס
ˢ
ϣ׽ӡʩչޣͳΧȦ
ɱ
֪ʲôطһɱֱӽװΧ
١Ŀ˸źâ֪Ǳ͵Ϯˣڵʵ˻治ɱġ
һɽѹȥһͷͷ˲ϵķ飬ʮسֱ֣еĻˡ
ñ£ӦʵˣϧĻǾûôõһϷʵ
ţԶճһĻ棬׵ѣɱ
ǻУŷϴ˱սʿÿ˶ƵұڹĻڣȫ²ӣЩڲϳȡǵѪҺ
ʲôԽǣ
ã򶨵ˡ廭һֳһ棬һλɫˣĽĿɭ
ڵõıｻȻԶһ۳ΪҵūҿԷһ·ĿӸ£ϰԵķʩ


581 ŷϴ
Į¶һ˿ЦȻֻһͶӰҲܿóԸϣһĺ֮
۾ԶͶӰʵѾϢ͸ȥҪ鿴ڵʵλá
ĿƼǳڵľƺƵʮȴûзκηɴ
Ҳ˵ѺŷϴȽ𽣶ӵĵطʮ֮⣬пܻԶ
Ǻ𣿱ĿûôãӦھɱǼˡɭɭ˵
䣡
ʱӶͻȻ޴ͬʱһֻѩ׵ĴӡУʱʱ֡
廭һģ꽫ɫޱȣʲôȫ湥

廭ʧӰ١
¶ЦݣȫתӡŶȥ벻ʮѡ
ӡٶȼ죬ֻǼ˹ȥӳǰǼһĳʮ˴ɷĩ
ɱ
ĿһݣһɿµϢת߳һˣһ޴Ľɽֱ֣Ӻɫķɴϡ
һսһͷͷ˴ӷɴڷɳҪΧ׺ͼ
ҲףɴЦСڳˣһ뵥ȳŷϴء
΢΢һЦһźХƵתӿһƾͽеս顣
ϣɱ԰ǲǵõЦһ
䣡
һ޴İɫֳ֣϶Ƿļ⵶ٶƥһӾ͸ʮλ˵Դ
ҲЦҲ
ǵȻӳȻͬ졣Цմӡ𣬺ݺȥ

һأֱӾǷɴϣҪԶݵķɴĵ֧飬𻨷ɽ
˳ּ죬ɴϵ꽫ûзӦ㱻˴¡
ˣ
廭ٴγ֣ܻٲס֣ҾɱǼˡ
㡣ͷҲ̧˵ֻɱ޷ˣץסԺ󣬱㽫룬ߵú㣬Էģǲģ᳢еʹұ֤
㡭˴󺧣ɫ粻
Ҳ˵ǻԽɿܣȻװǰɱȫңŶ
ʼԴȫսһ黫ƹôܱвŵ
׺ͼԸ񶼺ܼ㣬ֻŷԼͻ飬õԼ
꽫ڰ׻ûޣѾɱˣ꽫в治С
˵ļɱţЩ֮ӷɴڷɳһսʿ
սʿ޵У콾Уĺûʲô
ֻһĹսʿ¾һգûһڡ
䣬ɪɪ˵Ļ棬ĮȻڣǣˣڹ
أ
׻δ䣬ǷɴڲͻȻһƴĲ𣬽ɵķɴ̳ɸӡ
𣡡
ХһɿµϢ
׺ͼЦˣһҡͷЦࡣʦֶȻͻˡ
ǽ𽣶컹мӣҾʦֶԺ󲻿ܳΪ֡
˵䣬м˱˳Ȼǽ𽣶ļӣ׺ͼ񲻸ͣæԶԶġ
Ц
ŷϴոͻƣոͷųϾҪ٣ɹΪ㾫һ졣
䣡
Ȼ˸˺󲻾ٱ㽵Ƿɴֱӻɻңһ˶ӰڰС
ŷϴ˶ͷɢһֿµƣ׺ԡڿ֮
չһʱŷϴɽٳɹԸ̤죬׵Ϊ¡
׵սҪŷϴࡣ
ʦ壬֡ŷϴһɾ·Цŷ
ɫʱˣʲô˼㺰ʦ壬ȴƽôôԿ
ŷϴ״Ц׷˵ԿǸǺ¡
񱯷ߵָˣֱ˵𽣶ĵӶ̫޳ˣһ׿׷ŷϴ˾ôץġ
ŷϴ֣ĶСɫĶֶѾȥǼһڱ㣬ץˡ
ȱǰʦˣҲǰط
˵
ʵأǲҲȥ֣
װ֣ȲãѾȥõôǲɨΧõһЩȥġ
á˵ͷ


582 Ѫ
Զؾһâĵá
࣬Ҳÿһڶзıأ󲿷ֶǿյֻһĹ
ΣյĵطһǼɨΧҲֻõı
׵õľŵֺͽտܶࡣ
Լǲ̫ˣڲŵıȻֵǵġ
һڵõһŽ䲻ĴʼʽᲢۣҲȽ𽣶ǿĽ
⽣ߡʮλһͨ֮󽣹಻ÿһƵģס
ûϰŽŷϴȼ𽣶ĵȫˣŷϴܴŽ֮սɡ
䣡
һգٴսˣսȻСɫҲ֮ܵǻ޾ÿһδսѣ˼СĹ
ݣ
һǴĿĽⷢͲ죬ʮ£ֱһս
ŷϴţ¶Цݣʦ壬ҵĽСˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ŽúϣʮԪ
ŷϴЦˣҡͷڣû㣬һȡʦ̫֪ˡ
Ʋ죺̫û־ˣӦ˵гһһѹСӡ
ŷϴЦҲ˵ĻȻüͷһĪһɲͷ
ŷϴûвһ̸ЦвͷԽԽǿң̲סʩչѰۡ
Ȼ

Ѱ۸ոʩչûüȥ۲ܵͻȻһǿҵļ¶һɫʯӴٸɫʯ͸һɹϢһӾա

ɫʯȻһַѹĻ˴ͷųһɫϸߣԲǧȫ
һߵֶΣѵ֮⣬ɣ
ɫ΢䣬
ŷϴɫҲ΢䣬⴦ȻγɣһɹɻɫķγɣѪɫĹ㣬ϯǡ
׿һĻ¶֮ɫСģǻѪ󣬷ѪɳֻҪӴѪˮʬ޴档
䣡
ѪͷųһɫӣС
Ҳһɫ֣Цˣ㰲Ҹ𱣻Ұȫ
ҡŷϴ΢΢һЦҲΪʦֵһЩ顣
ЦЦȥɫ֣Ѱ۰ѰһѪƵ⴦
䣡
ȻʱǻѪִһɺ嫵Ĳһ֣¶֮ɫ
Ѫ󣡡
׵ı鼫أһֲܿĸ󷨣Ҫþǽ˻˵ľѪ
棬һֳʮɫӰΪ׵һλɫˡ
ͨѰǿܿ˵òʱԳһƬɱ
վȻôҵطΧǵǻȪʼħڵˡ׳
վǻȪʼħڵʥӣڶػ͹ųǵʱ׺ͼҵĦҲն˻Ȫʼħڼĵӣ˴˼ͳƺˡ
ҲһžʹģȻСӣȻҶǳ֡
ɹ˼ҶˣҲûã󷨲򵥣ǻǰɡ

һ޴Ԫʼħ죬ĶСѪΧһӿȵʥ
ԪʼħķƷӽʥܣվ湻ݵģȻ볹׾ɱҵȡ˵һ䣬ֱӽǳųױȵʥǵء
ǳǵάִʥתվǿ׼һ㣬ʥԾһɺԣǴͻȡǵľѪתͷԼ
񲻸ģҲǳʵСӣаƿ𣿡
Ҿһԡ׻һ
硣
վ¶֮ɫһХף񣬽ձ֮أʲôŽ壬ʲôɲ壬ǰǹƨҵ̤ʯ
ô̬ļһȫתѰѰ֮ת£ڲȱݺ©
һԪʼħᣬһƵϾͻ߶ǳɱȥ

ɳķѪɰֱӾײɫϣɫһףٺһЦסΡ
ŷϴ˫һԴԴϵ뵽ڡ
𣬸ͲǻѪǷƿ֣ȫѰҴۡ


583 ʥ߿
𣡡
ѪɫĴƵĳˢŰɫ֣һߵţһֵ߽
ӨӨĵҩƮڿУһڣڷ⣬Ӽʮɡ
Ҳȷʵµᴩ񷣬Ѫɰǿҵɺ͸ʴЧѪɰɴŽƵкȥü͵һһ˿Ѫ
СӣûУҿ쵲סˡɺͷɢǱŷϴҲɫ԰ףɺԡ
ûлӦ˫ѾĳɫѰתһƬƬɫ罫֣ϹصѰʦ
䣡
ѪȫʮѪɰˢײףһײ˼άֵ֡
ģǱӷ쭰һھѪҲŭһХ֮ͷɺѩɫüëѩ׵ġ
˲ڴŨֲһӾͱˮƵģȻֱӳײȥ˼Ѫɫ
ŷϴɫһϲ
ԶŵɲֳĿҲܱˣ⿪Ѫе
˵һϮ׷ļʼ֤ۣ峼Ǽڵӡ
ѽӵǱ޾ȻͱˣĸоҲǺܺЦһӡ
ŷϴǴ˵еɲôôס
䣡
ʱ˫ĿɫĹβһ֮ڣһӾҵѪۡ
ۣ
һѪóǳײȥ
ϡȵľᣬóע˴ǴֱӻĶС˳Ǹͺݺײȥ
أ
һ
ӵĴ󶦴һâɱ֮Ҳһע뾫
ʲô
ã
棬ȪʼħһȺȫɫûϵôͽѪ
ħվɫҲһ䣬ĿԽͻȻһξվԪʼħϡ

Ԫʼħҵһɫ֦ӵڣݺݳȥ
ͷǳ޾Ԫʼħһ·ѹȥǴѡ
ڡ
飡
ķѣನɢһŤͬʱԪʼħҲϮɱ
վ
Ǽһ߶ǳɢȻ֮ܣâһɨ֦
һڹɨͽԪʼħ롣
ۣ
վһѪϵıԽݣѪ
ۣ
ۣ
Ԥ׵ģԪʼħʮ֦Ȫʼħڼӵ崩͸ǰ벽ԪΪ
ЩһľѪȫԪʼħգħԽĿ£ǧɸߣķ
һڹ絶âЯ֮
ħ£ޱħһħһħͷХųԲٲȻΪħ硣
׺ͼЦļǺ£ǳֱһâһͷͷħڲϵš
ײԪʼħ״ȡ
ã
˴ȣȫע뵽ǳϣǴ󶦷˲죬һӱǧɸߴ󣬽ײԪʼħ
䣡
һըԪǿߵȫһԲǧֱӻһ˼
ձһƬ磬޾ڱڣǳţֱըҲҪ䡣
ˣҲɱˣһѪ񼫶ȵήҡ
ˢ
ԪʼħϾǽӽʥıһδ飬Ǳվ߶ſԶȥ
ߣ
Цһ˳ȥ
СӣǰǳʩչҲ׷˹ȥεŷϴˡ
ŷʦ֣׷ȥ𣿡еʵ
ŷϴŭ׷ƨ׷ʦ壿׷֮󣬹Ƕ극ˡ
ĵӲֹʲôˣôֱˡ
ǱġеεĿڣʦ̫󣬾ͱŲκˡ
ŷϴ㬵ʦǱ̬ⱲӲ֪ûл׷ƽ
һȺʦֵȫĬȻ
ŷϴƵغߵǶʲô鰡𣿡

䣡
һߣѾϻɲǼ׷վһ߷ݵֱվԴ
վɫܲ԰ףԪʼħţղһͿ壬޷ټԦԪʼħǱķ
׺ٺЦţһ㶼żøڵţҲ˷
Щڵÿʯתɣеǿʯϵġ
ףҪϾɱҿǻȪʼħڵʥӣɱңǻȪʼħڽ塣վͷɢǱһ˿˵ĻᶼûС
ûиһʱ䡣
أ
ԶգһֺֻݺվŵøεѣǿԪʼħס
ǴԪʼħϣħ֪˶ٺɫҶվǱסվ
ȪʼħڣǺôưģҶɱѵҸ׵ŭ𣿡
Уᵶסվǳͷϣɢһ˿˿ܡ
ǣ
վھˣ콾ǰл֮£û˿ѵĿܡ
Ҵˣһ·ɣ巢ģԺټǱ˱ǧɡշܹϣϵͷϴ
ģܡղŵأȪʼħڵʥӣޡ
׵΢΢һЦһ仰û˵Ȼֳһһײȥ
Ҳ߶ǳݺײԪʼħϡ
ԪʼħԽң˵ĹҲֲס̫ãʥȫ渴ա
ħûôɵΪһȫ渴֮ǳҲȫ渴ա
ʱԪʼħûһ˿һʤ㡣
ϵ󰡣հɣñѪ㣬ɱǰĵ˰ɡվħϣܸʥ
ȻôǺܴ󣬼ǳݺ׹ȥʥնķâ赲ŶԷϢ
ͬʱ
վûԪʼħĻӣһվڰУɫһһûһ˿Ѫɫ
ˢˢˢ
һɢϢսū֣£Ȼλȫʥվѹ׵ĳ룬µֻܽսūˡ
ʥ߿ܰôֱۣλ׺ͼһǰһ󣬽Χλʥ߿֮Ȼɫ˱䣬Ҳûôϡ
Ǳҵģұʥ߿ȥ͵ϮЩʥߣȻѰ·Ǿͱˡվݺݵؿǣüȴһɫӡ
ˣ
ɫĴ󹭣УҲ֪ʱܵ
˾㶼Ц׸˵λʥ߿ܣÿһҶԱǹƿΡ


584 
ɫĹâ˰Χһ͵ӵţǹĳȴԪʼħŻˡ
ʥͻȻҵĶžһڹʧ޾УԵļĿɿڴվ
˵СӣԺ˭óʥ԰ڣֱӼһɱп
ҲǳΪܸܵľֺ;η·ǹǺ˲һ㡣
΢΢һЦÿɷ
ؼʱǲᶯñǹģıڸˣǽκη
ֻм㹻ǿһȭȥ񷣬˵ǴʥʥҲǶ֡
еļǿǵǲ޵аʼԴҲסļι
ôֲ۸жôǿ󣬿º˭Ҳ˵

䣡
˼ֱǹһ˺գһһʥ߿ܡ

΢΢ϢţȫһιҲףο£Ҫǿܡ
ݣ
Я˾㤵˺ѳһӣױȵ
վ󺧣һʥ߿ܷͺֱӭ˹ȥ
䣡
ʥ߿ܱһ룬廯Ĺʧؼ䣬ûһ˿谭

վ֣˻
һʥ˿Ҳ׵Ķ֣Ľ޷ܣš
׽һȥ⣬ľȫڿտҲӻȫ
ؼʱϽһЩ裬ֵõǿ֧Ԯе㷢š
˵һ֮⣬ʣ޷׽·յĳһвڡ
飡飡
վߵʥ߿ͬʱѣǱըɾ޴ֱƷ
ǹŻȥ
񵱼ͽˣأԣԣһûùء
΢ЦϿ㣬ʥҲò˵ġ
УСһ
ɱʥ߿ܣ˾㤣ȻҲΪʥ߿ʵӲʥߵսڻʣµͷܣ׳弧ЦЦ
Ҿ֪û£ҺñҲмҵ׵ġ񷭸ۣһͷ޴ƾճ֣޴ĺϯأֱӳʥ߿ܡ
һͷʥܣҼܸߣ֪Ǽλ͸ıʥܳХһͱаɸߣʥ߿ܼսһ
飬ڹѣͷʥ߿ܵսǼңҲǳĿֲһط飬תս
׺ͼȥĴսǲЦţվҸΧסˡ
վɫҰף۷ˣһ˿֮ǰİ
λ֣ˣŹһ·Ըñŵͨȥҵվһüͷ˵
أ
׳ȭµѹվͷ죬ȭվҽŵɳȥȫͷˡ
ҲٺֱЦͬȥһ󱩴
˸û֣վⷭɣѪǺɣƬ̼һϢһҪ䡣
ˬ
ȷǺˬ
˴Цһ̲ƵվȻһۣɱл
Ȫʼħڵص䣬һ񿪿ڣһȻı顣
վѵվתȪʼħڵķˣȳһѪˣĿȻҲڲزסһĨֺ;
ףĸҺ޹˼ɵɱ
Ͻģŵص䣬Ƿһ·ٴβͷĴߴٵ
վ۾¶һĨЦݣҪǽŵķһ˲ͻɣ
վȪʼħô֪ģ֪⴦ؾֻɣɵĸأ׺Ȼʵ
վνЦЦ˵ҵǿԻشǣǻȪʼħҲǻԵɺ֪ʱǻҪ磬ŵĳѾȥǼҺͽ𽣶ĸ֣ҲѾȥ˰ɣ
׺ͼЦЦ
վ֪е飬ΪǼҺͽ𽣶̽գȴ֪ϺſȺײеĸ֡
ȪʼħʼԴôãҲǲһܴﵽĹңɲ⡣
ȻȪʼħڵĸȥڱȻһա
˼ʥʵ
ҲֻɵʥӶѣŵжȥҲ֪
ˣɵؿûɣôҲʥأҲ֪
վʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ֧֧ʥӣ£ʮλʥӣֻһλѡ


585 
׺ͼʱףԭվҲֻĿܣʮλʥӣƭȥɣʥѾѡˣֻǻȪʼħûж繫
ʵҲܺýͣѡӰ˻ϸҲῼǺܾãҪɵ͸
ȪʼħʼԴϵԭͺܲѡʥӵʱ

ˣûˣٶȵѻȪʼħڵص佻ǻءЦ
ԡ
վشĺˬ죺Ǳ巢ģŲǣŵùԡ
׺ͼɫ
Сӣ㶺ǰɣڿǽȻǷԣһ߳ȥվ߹ǡ
վ̧ͷһǵı飬һĶʱĺļһﲻŹԼڼĺڣȥɷǡ
䣡
ͻȻһɺɫĻվӿ˲ҽһ¶ޱȾֵɫ
ңҰԸ˵ȪʼħȫܣҲ𣬾һ
ɫһͷħ񣬽վȫɽȥһαǳмʮɸߣޱħݺᡣ
׺ͼɫĮȻ˺󼸲ֻվͻҽ׵
ǻȪʼħڵһֽͨվûȪʼħڵصһͨħճ˷ɻҡҡҡͷ̾
ЦЦ˵Ҳнƣ⵽ϿĿʣҲʳҵķ

Ƭ̺ԭ·أŷϴӭӣ΢Цʦվˣ
ţѾˣվʥӣȪʼħڵʥˡ׵ͷ
ŷϴЦһɵĵ񣬿ԻӻԴ̫ˣһЩע̳ķա
֮ԱǣߵûţʥӾǻʵģ䣬¡
׵ȻЦ
ҿֺֻϰΪ׼ĥʯٹʮ꣬زҵĶ֡
һȺ˴Ц񼱵࣬޲һķǡ
ʦ壬ȥΧǲ඼ѹνˣǲӦȥˡ
ŷϴָָؾķ
ģܿһ޴ڰУһѹǡ
Цһͷ˵ǸȥˣʥƼΣա
ŷϴЦˣ˵Щ˱ȻߣӶǼģ޷Ǿѣûʲô˵ġ
Ĵָеǡ
ŷϴ΢ЦҲ˵ǵĵʦͼֱԶԶˡ
⻰ǲ٣˽֪׺ͼǵ֮ǵ˾һʱ򣬸ǵϾûʲôǲġ
Ǻãߣ
һ֣һȺ˳ķȥ
λؾڵľʮһȺ˷һſģ
һ޴ͨϽɫĹâ˸ţһɺƴ
ɺ嫵Ϣ֪Ѿ˶ãֻһĨϢӹһϢĸо
λھжôǿɼһߡ
޴Ե÷ǳС׺һмҪ̲סȥ
ȣ
һȾ˽𽣶ǼӣɫأϺء
ٺЦ֪̲˶ٵıǻʲôϽȥ¡
׳ĬƬ̣ȻΪԤһóǳô󶦻ǽ
Ҫô𣿡
ô˵ţó󶦣ӵĴ󶦷Ĺâסˡ
ͷжȺܶࡣ
ݡ
һȺ˷ĴţǸǧɵͭɫبŴƵģȴųţһƬС
һȴŵƣһȴǵŷչͼء
߰ɣڣһҪСĽȻȪʼħ֪ط뻹֪ҵġܵ
˵Լĵǡ
о㶼Ȼ
пܷãޱߣѰҵ˴Ѱ
һĸǱȻһѪս
ͷǳȻ˽ȥ
䣡
һ˲޾ӿ󺣱ڷ¡¡죬ʵһ㣬ƺƴ
ǻԪȻ˶ĻԪֻ̫ˣǸûа취׽
Щеɫ˸ţеӵϳЩɫޱȵĻԪ


586 ظ
ȣһزһɻɬѹ˷ѹǳǾԴԽ
һĨĨɫĹâ۲ĻԪȿ궼á
ݣ
׳ɫֱӳ˳ȥƾӲһعϮͬʱһץǵɫĻԪ
ɫ޼᲻ݣһɽɫ˽ΧȫɢȭͷСĵɫԪǰ
ָڴһɫ⣬ϳһ󣬽һСԪס
һ˲һŻԪУɫƼٵջأۿԪͱȡˡ
䣡
ͻȻһֻɫȭͷƾճ֣һɿµħһħͻȻ١
ȭͷɽȻֻһȭ̺˼ʮͨ·ɽݺݴڽɫĴϡ
ʲô
ô£
ԶŷϴȫŭۼŻԪҪȡãؼʱôıʡ
Ҷ
״ŭһ޾ĽӿնǺɫȭͷ
ͬʱһ֣ӿץȥ
ŽȻŻԪˡдһͳЦһͷͷħӰзɳס޾Ľ⡣
ŻԪɫȭͷһҲ׵ָлȥֵ䵽޾֮С
һ޴ĺӰӰзɳץԪ
Ŀһȭݺݻʮٴλȥͨ϶Ϊһһ
޾ħ
еӰЦһħħħڷɳҪס׵Ĳ
أ
ҵײһ𣬷ԲڵֱӱĸɸɾӰͣĵһƻ
ǺɫӰЦһȭ⵲ȥ˸ףȻƽɫ
䣡
ٴμսһ𣬺ʶԷҲһλǿ콾ȻûдﵽԪȻ˿·硣
źɫĶ񣬿峤ΣͨʩչѲǻȪʼħڵĵӡ
أ
ɫָɫȭͷײѪǺɣƺһ˼ɣҲˣͬ˲ˡ
ģǻȪʼħʥôôǿȻƽɫҲһ⴩źɫˣսҪԶԶԼࡣ
ǿпܾǻȪʼħڵʥӡŷϴɫһλ콾


һɻɬ˹Яſµĸʴ׵ɫ΢ٴγ˹ȥҪڶʳһŻԪ
Цһٴס׵ĽŲѸٽּʮ˭Ҳκβ˭
໣
һͻȻγ֮УͽԪɽȥ
֣ҾͲˣ
΢΢һЦʩչӡ˲Ϣ᷵صǳڡ
ǺӰͦסŲһȦ޾ЦðɣŽ廹Щµģˡ
һͷħ֣ʧˡ
ɫأֽԪӡ˴ָڣǺڶԶȥķ˺ܾá
Сӣ˵˭ģȻôǿñӵѹ޴󰡡æʵ
ҡͷݣӦòпǻȪʼħڵĵӡ
ôǿļһǻȪʼħڵĵӣȻλʥˡŷϴü
΢΢ü˵δǻȪʼħڵˣϰУڹԼóͨʩչȪʼħڵһֲ롭Ȫʼħڵͨѧõġ
ʲô
ܰɣ
˴󾪣ȫ¶ݡ
ģѵСµûǿˡ
ǣʶҡ̾۾΢΢˵һλУƻϡ
ģһϣ˵ֵ
ЦЦ˽ǰóһŻԪԪֳɼ飬ָҡ
Ƭ߶ǳǰţ˼Ϯڶƽ¹ȥˡ
ԼһȺ˲߳Ƭӳǰľȴһ
ڣȫ˶¶Ȳ˼֮ɫ
Ǵ֮ǰľٿȻһ䣬һ޴ɽϣޱȵ˷
ɽһ޼ʵƽԭϢŨؾǶļɽǰ治Զ޾Ĵ󺣣޴ĺںʱʱ֡
ң
ɳ̲ϣǾȻܿ鱻սഩ׵ʬ塣
νѵһλǿߵıѾˣͨ粢޲ͬðΣſ˵


587 ݸ
𣡡
һͷ޴ڻԶӽɵڿлһ׺ֱ
ͷȻڻ˵ʥҲ̫ԶǿֲĴ
ڻǺܲƣһɹɺɫĻ棬һƬⴹ䡣
ٺһЦǶ֣޵ı£ˡ
˹ȥһϨ˻⣬ͷڻսһ𣬶ʱձѣһһɱɵĻ޴
ڻһİ벽ʥҪǿܶ࣬ȻǼҲ̫ʤ˼УղűһմӡѣѪա
ǿ׾̾һ
Ҳ˵ǺǿҲûϵͳδĶ֡
ױأܣܸܵؾȴܲκε
Ҳ˵ȷһλϴµı磬ֻⱦ绹ûһ磬һΪ磬Ĺ켣
ȷһλߴܵı磬Ǵ֪ܲ˶꣬Ȼû𡣡̾Ϣ治֪λжôǿҪԶԶ龳ˡ
˻һɫͻȻЩŹ֡
Ǻεˣһ۾Ϳϵı飬ͬŹֵһЦʵǲ뵽۵ıˣ
㡭ô֪һ
⻹òλܵı綼بų棬۵ı绯һذɣбۿż
û󷽵سϣʲô⣬ҶȥϰֺһЩͷµĵط
ɹûȥʲôǻһĹ滮ɣޱ޼ʣǽҪߣҲҪóһˡ
ҾҪϱ࣬ҹȺʥҲӦںϡŷϴ
ҲͬԣҪǵ;Ƭ󺣣޾ıڵǡ
ЦЦͷҲ뷨ǾͳɣҺһ׼
׼һ
׹ЦһһҾ޴սڰУǵʱõĳ׼硣
һ𣬳׼һͷ޴޺بڿУһϢѹ
ԭսսʥǷǹܾˣںʻǺʲ۾һ
Ц߰ɣҲһδðգϣض顣
һȺ˺ƺƵϳ׼磬Ȼ֮սڿѸٵķ裬գۼϡ
ϣˮ峺ʱ޷˷ǳİ
׿һɳ̲սжƬ󺣲ģһѰ֮ûᾭĶۡ
𣡡
ոպԼаʱԶĿбһȺޣ⺣צ鶼Ƭ·ǽ㣬׶Ϣ
סŷϴ˶ûг֣𽣶λῡһ֣콣ХӭЩޡ
ò˵ﺣ޵ʵ൱ǿ˽ʱȫ⼸λȫˣɻսϱϥˡ
˲£սζкôġ΢Ц
һλܵĶ΢΢һЦлʦ࣬벻ඡ
ŷϴЦƨ
ܼ˴Цֽˡ
׼缱ٵʻţ˼ʱ䣬żֺᷢȺ˶ûг֣ĻøЩӡ
һսĥ£ЩѸٵĳɳܸͻˣﵽ졣

գۣ¹ȥ
Сӣ쿴ʲôҿǰɣһƶĵ죿ͻȻָŶϷ
˾ȻҲʮ֮нԶľ޴Ư
˵Ưʵһ죬һƶٶȲ첻ĵ죬ľ޴а﷽Բ
Сһ㡣һ䣬ͬʱ׼ӿٶȣƶĵʻȥ
Ƭ̺󣬵ӾͳС
첻֪ķ˶꣬Ѿ͸һɸζķϵĵȴһɢŵâĹʱһɹĸо
ĵƶţ׼粻棬ͻȻһܲѰ
ǻĵĵطˮͿʼƣ΢΢ζûһͷޣûȺ
йŹ֣ĵһֺΣյĸо׳
һԾԾԵı飬ȻʲôȥһΣʲô
Ҫȹ۲һ
װ֣ͻȻʩչѰۡ
Ȼ͵ĵܵʱ򣬱Ѿˡ
䣡
ǻĵͻȻģһϯǧĵɲǼͱһͷÿֲĺޣɢŹâĹǺ޵Ĵ죬һӾͰѳ׼˽ȥ
񣡡
ȵ
һɾǿӺ޵ͬĺˮͳ׼һͬ¸С
ˣ
ĺܿ죬ǳĶСס˳׼磬Ҳֻܱסˣֵ
һȺͬսº޵ĸС
ź޾ͱպͣһͷǱˮУֻһ˲˷Ӧ
⺣޴þˣ˸ձУһŵ̵״
ģ⺣޵ͷ˿öģ⺣޵׳˶ͷ
ǳɢâϾͿͷϮصسǳϡ
ÿһγ֮أüٿǳǳĳ
ͬʱ׼½ٶȼ죬ź޵ĸпٵ½ţȻд󶦱ţҲܵһ
ҳȥԣ
΢΢һüͷһ߳׼硣
СӣСĵ㣬ǿں޵ĸУˡ񻹲٩
û˵ָ罣һ޴Ľһƣն򲻶ͷ
ͷϷճҺɼ׹ǣ⺣˶ٵ顣
ݣ
һƣ㽫Щ˵ͷ飬ɫѪҺ䣬żǿĶζ
Ŀ侲һӹȥһ죬ͱɫѪҺˡ
˿һĻȫз
⺣޵ѪҺȻ˵Ŀֲ趼ʱڵ׵ֵסɫѪҺ
ն˲֪ͷ޴ĺ޳ʹںˮоҵķת壬ںڵ˶ʱ췭ظ׼һӾͱ˦һߣžͱͷס
ģ۸Ƣǰɣ
ŭǳȻǿҵĹâһʥƵƥеͷ顣
໣
޷޴ĺຣˮӿ˽ԽɿܵӺ޸дų׼缱½
Сӣ㻹ϽĿƶǳȥУһϸܵĺ顣
ȼ˵꣬ױһȭǼͨһ𣬷ľһȫ
һֲǳӿȣֱӾͺںϡ


588 
ʲô
ȫһƵĺںʱһ˲˶ˣȫ¶˼֮ɫ
ǧɽͬʱըںϣȻһ˿ôƾղˣȻ׹ĵطͻȻֳĵͷ綾Ƶڿռڻס
׿֪ʲôˣ㲻Ķ֣ˡͻȻ׼ϴǽͲ
׷һЩͷһصϣȻ޸еȻǿңǳ֧ţսǿˡ
Ҳֻʱģһǵɺԣᱻ⺣ĳԵ
⺣޵ʲôͷ㶼Ầ£׵ıȻ侲ѯʵ
һ˿ɵ֮ɫģҪû´ĻӦþǴ˵еޡ
ޣ׵Ȼȫû˵
Цһ͵̫ʮ֮һǼߣڵ޿£Ǽҹżмأʼʱһͷޡ
΢΢ͣƬ̣ͷ޵ͣʼԴô󡣡
ʲô
ô侲˶¶֮ɫһͷôޣ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ֪ʼԴޱ޼ʣҲһŴǣǳϤ޾ȻʼԴôǴȥû˻š
ǧȷһھ̵һҲպǿ򣬵һ©ȫˡ
ʼΪѾﵽ벽ۣһҹղǿӮ˼УҲȥʼҲκβá
Ļ˵꣬һȺĬȻΪ̫ް벽۶ܽ
ޣ˼壬ɣοǼˣ
ô죿Ȼ˿ֲѵûа취ӳȥ˰ɣҪ޵ĸУʵ̫ˡŷϴҲЦ
Ŀ˸֪ʲôӦΣյһΡ
һλ벽ޣ˵ǣȻ龳ŵԮҲ޼¡
⡭Ѿ˾
ΪʲôҵĹûЧǲһеȻת׻ŸղԼĹʵ
ʼ磬̾ΪղһĻҲ뵽пܽ޵ĸˡ
޵ȷֻͨøǿͲκε˺
û취𣿴ղ˵жϳͷӦûСڣͱˣûлȥ
ϥսϣ׿ǳʼŹ޵һС
Ժļ䣬һھ
Ψһİ취
һյʱ䣬ŶȻۣȵ
ʲô취˶ʵ
Ӽصĵ伮ͷ޻СʱûпǣҪԸֻһ취ǾǾūۡ
еĹЧģֻоūĴԣһпܽ⻯ôһͷΪǼ顣
Ŀһ³һ˵һԣܳɹǲܷ
ЦЦ˿ԼȫСӣܷؼվͿˡ
ҳɹٹǾͶԵˡ
ںҡͷνɽѾرգûгϣһһҶûʲôϵ
㻹ͦÿϽ˵취ɣҿɲ뱻һʺûЦ
һȺȫĪ
Щ˶ĺӣԽΣգҪ뵽ȫоǳ˼ֻƵģ̫˶ĺͷθˡ
ǱҪ޵ĸˣԲβϣͨ鳤ﲻһСūǱҪðˡ
Ŀһȵزų׼磬߰ɣ¹һ
ߣ
һȺûԥѾûκΰ취䵽Ҳ
Сس޸ȥ޵ޱֵ
ټھȻûֻ࣬һֳͷҹż޸һ޴θ
θڳθҺڻҲ䱻ڻ
ǿսҪȫܽˡ·һ㿴һҾ޴սֳͷţҪˡ
ǼߡָӴ֣ݳ׼ԶԶƿֽųβȥ
Լַһʱ䣬ͻȻһɫĺӿ˿˿ȳζ
θҺ
ʧɫǳæҫ۵Ĺâס׼磬ͬʱײų׼磬ҪֱӴȥ
ۣ
θҺȥ֪˼ٵɫ΢΢һһѪ
ŷϴѾϥһԣԴԴϵע뵽ڡ
Ҳ΢΢һüͷ´һһɾ籼ӿĴ󺣣ȫ뼧ڡ
Щ֧ţһХǳתθҺȫ档
ȻʱҲ޵ĸУֻѪܲİдһСɽɫθ̫ˣθҺţǰ·Ѿȫ
ֵޣûֻ࣬θԲȫš
׸пһ䡣
ûӦͱ̾ˣǻδθɣθǿҵһǱθ龳ǿҲҪš
ЦЦʱ˾Ȼ̸Цû˿ľš
ָǰ˵Ҹղϸ۲θһխСֻͨдܴͨȥǱһȥѾȡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
һȺһ
ףһ޶ǳУһǿθͻȻһǼпܱɽȥ
ʵô
󶦣֣Ǵȥ룬ͻȻһ˵
⣡
һȺ˾ɲ
Ψһеİ취һȫסϢ޵ע⡣׿ڵ
ԥһʧ׵Ϊ޹Ŀꡣ
ҷǶ֮ˣһ԰ɣ״ЦĿǿſֲθࡣ
ãô죡
һȺȫǲҪ֮Ҳֻ취ҳ֮˸ͲֵܵڵĶ
䣡
ǳȡɲǣ׳ɫ֣ų׼磬֮ͨȥ
ڴһ
໣
Ȼڳ׼缴θɲǣ޷·ܵĴ̼
޴θϿѿһӣһ޷赲ľ޴ˮӿ˽ͬʱս
ЩսƵĵžɲǼڣθ
ۣ
ҲһѪ˲޹⡣


589 ʥ
ף
УǳżղθҺڽɫϣһӾ˵׵ıԴ
ƴȫס˳׼磬˿˶ˡ
׼ҡҡλΣſ׹ȥۿҪ޵θסˡ
䣡
Ȼһ˲䣬ٿȻĿ⣬һհĹâȫһӱýӲӣٴαƵıˣŽģ
Ѹס˳׼½ƣͬʱȵѸٴȥ
ã
Ҳۣų׼ٴθһഩȥһ˲˷·ȫһֽٺĸо
׼һȥɲͣǹɾ޴Žʧ˻Ǿ޴θ֪˶սΪͷֲ˺
ףû°ɣ׼֮ͣ󣬼ΪĵĿһվڴͷס
ۣ
Ļδ䣬һھѪֱӴӰˤ
ɫ建Ļָ˵ģȫƺޱߵʹ
˵սľΨ׳ʲô顣
䣡
չԼһŻվɢһɺ嫵ĲֻüǸ֪ˣΨִ̼ޡ
Ǻǣûʲô£ղһĻǾգЩҪˡЦЦ
ȴ¶֮ɫҼʶ㣬˼Ƭ̳͸֧˰ɣ
͸֧
ŷϴҲˣȫ¶ж֮ɫ˵ʦ壬ǡǵԭ򣬲ôƴҪǲǣҲ͸֧Ŵͨ
Цһ֣Ϲ˵ҾȼЩѪ͸֧һϲΣǻ֪
ƲƲ죬Ҳ˵ʲôˣȴ̾
綼˵ŽĺδĿĲֶΣ˶Ϊʲôһܾۼôѣ
лĹҵĿܣ
Щֻ֪Žĺ׶Դѵ̬ȡ
һԼΣգ׿϶ȥԼֵܣǼĸ֣
ʦ壬û󰭰ɣŷϴǲĵһ䣬Ŀ˸һ˿Ĺâֹ𽣶ĵĿȻˡ
ף⼸콾Ѿ۷δִƽ𽣶֮ǾԵĸҳ϶Ȳ̫һκһˡ
ҡͷһЦİɣǸϧˣԼЦġ
ҲһЦҪû´ղ˷һɣ
ⲻʲôֻҪҽ׵ʥһʲô
Сӣ־һΡЦ
ôжҪľò˼ʹڸҼҵľѧɡ

һȺƬֿ̣ʼСų׼ǰȥߺ벿Եƽܶ࣬һݺύѪ֮⣬ﲻһͷ޵ڣһľĶѨ
ǿʲô
ԼʮǰͻȻ˸һ˿˿Ĺâ
׶ȥеʱȻ
ɢâľȻһֻףǻ൱أֻԲʯɢŹâ
ĻڣһˣϢȫޣĲˡ
һ꼶ϵǿߣ࣬ľǾȻһλʥߡ
֪λȻ޵ĸУˡͻȻȻ
ҲͷҲˡ
ŷϴȻã׷ʵʦ壬Ƿʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ҷǵһĺãûв´Ļ˿̵ӦʱΪǰʥйһս
λʥҲǲȻҲûˣʥһս޵Ĺ࣬Ǹûӳڻˡ
׵ķ˶ֺµͷο˵ˣ漴ĵˡ
޸ոʳս˴˭Ҳֲ֪ʲôʱָܻһָǽ֮ء
߰ɣҪޣշ޻δΪ̡˵
Цŵͷ˵壬ޱȼֻֻ׵İϡ
ŽսǿգһΪ֮󽫲ޡ
Ψܽ
ŷϴȣƺԼԿδִƽ𽣶ʶ£˭档
ϵһȫ档
СԾõĻףͻȻ׿ʥƺ˸һ˿⡣
ʲô
״һ죬һɫСƿץУɫƿҲĿʯ죬Ȼûڵ
ѵʲôΧ


590 
׺ȻһЦ˵ϣǽԭҺ
ԭҺҿҲ֪ⶫǿĵܣǼоãҲû͸ԭҺһ
ȷ⣬ȳȥ֮ٴ򿪣һǽԭҺ޸֪Ǿˡ
˵ͷҲ׻̰īһƿԭҺ

һƬ̣ͻȻó׼ͣҸоһɾ񲨶ǰԶ
϶޵Ĵԣô죿ʵ
΢΢һЦΪһȥūޡ
ã
ϥڰУתɾķʱӴľ񲨶ˮһбȥ
һɿĺ޵Ĵѹȥ
ľ񲨶ƺƵƬ̾Ϳһ˶İɫԲ޵θ
ͨ鳤ĴԲͬһɢСľ񲨶
׵ľϢظǹȥͻȻСϵȻҪż
ţ
Ӵľ񲨶˻ϹһСٴγǰ
ϣСϰþòĿһЦ
ϵбۿԱôܣѵ뵱۵˳裿
ʲô˾ʲôսޣһһţȱ֤۵ʱһ
Сϵۼ䲻м
Σ˵ܲܰһ᣿СϣͻȻסʲô𣿡
ϵۻܣ˲𰡣Ҳų˯ôһСᣬǾȻһͷСסˡ
ͬǳɳڣҿͲޡЦ
ϵ۴ŭƨһƾѹޣ̫УҵҪߺܶࡣ
ߺߡ൱⣬ڱ˸ղŵһ֮
λ֮ٶ𣿡̾ϵû˵ʲô£
ϵۼթһЦ˵۵ľҪߺܶ࣬ȥްɣһͷһ׵޲װոСܡ
ȫʯĿɿڴؿϵۡ
ʲôעҪģһСʲô˵ģҵĺϢɣϵ۴ֵ
а𣿡׵ĵʵ
ϵ۴ЦԸͷСޣۻĵģҺϢδ䣬㻯һϹʧ
ף浣һﴥŭޣ̼ͱ޸еһ͡Ʋ
ЦģСϵľȷֲܹ쵽
ǾֻϣԳɹˡ˵СϣҲ̲סǸȥü仹һ˿˿ġ
䣡
Լǰʱ֮ͻȻ޾ҵĲһ㣬׼綼ҡڡ
໣
ţ޷һֲĽƽһ糣ˡ
ݡ
һϹϵƣ֮ɫŵشУ㶨ˣ˵һСܡ
Сܷǳȥ¡ٺЦ
Ұϵ۹Ц
һ֣Цˣˣǳȥ
ðɡϵ۱۾֪ʲô취ͻȻ޵ıѿһ޴Ŀӡ
޳ɣ˲ų׼ͷ˳ȥ
µĺӭ洵˶һһΪ˵ĸо
Ǿ޴ͻȻҲһڹʧ׸о΢΢һ
һͷɰĺɫС꾲ſļϡ
˿ֻС꣬ŴָͣС֧֧˵ңޣ
⵱Ȼˣ޿ɴС£СɳС˵
ܸоС̺Ŀ׵ͷ޴£˭ҵĶ֣
ˡСϴ˵޵ģҵķᣬҪιһͷޣҵ׼ͻᱻͿա
ɫʱһڡ
뵽ǿµķԼҵ׻治ģԼѰʦҲС
ǲˣÿȥ裬ޡ
ǸΣʵ
ϵһЦ˵Ѿˣ߳ؾ֮ұȥǿεҲһʥʱҲǼʮʱɡ
̾Σ𣿡
Ҳ̲סڣǿΣգСޣǼ
ҵСӣ֪һƬģǿԼ޳ɳڱҪ飬˵Һ֣˭ƥУ
룬Ҳ͵ͷ
ȷС˵СϵļթεǿҲް
ٲ֮ݡ
ˣҸղ͸֧̫ྫȥˣСߣҲܰǶɹһЩѹء
ݣ
ϵһ仰û˵ûڣˣֱС


591 ǿʥ
صĴۻã׼羲ظˮϣһͷɫСſ׼˯
ؾ׻õĻ󣬽һͷްҲûм˿԰쵽ֻ޲첻Ϊκ¶̯ˡһԸɺţſ
ˣҳԶ𽣶켸Ŀ㣬ϺӦоС
һȺ˳Եúܾˣ֪˶پƣǰĿɹ
׼粻ڴϺţ˶ûз񣬾޵֮ȫ֪ʵΣտֲһСľпڴ˴
ߣ
ҹ󺣶üžͻȻһӼԶһ˾㤵Ϣǵأһ顣
׼˶ʱ˶һۣ׷üͷ
Ϣޱȵǿ˶еѹֺȻʥ߶еϢѹ񷡣
Įó׼ͣĿⱬһƬɫâԶȥǧ֮⺣죬Խµѹѹӳǰһͷ޴ĸޡ
צƵĺبУ˸űĹϢǴӰצڴ
ڰצͷ˸һķţ͸һɻɬȻ
һۣ֪Ǹŵĺ壬Sսֻʥ߲䱸ҲһʥӲˡ
ˣһȺ˲ţĴɱ֣һʥ߸޾塣
ŷϴҲף׺ͼעĿޣֻҪ;ƿݵľأǾ޳ֵģЩ콾ĥ£ƲпͿ¡
Ҳ˵ÿһλҪɳͱ뾭ѪսûһսĻۣγΪǿߣ
ңˡǵʥߵսڴϺ͸߸ϵζ
΢΢һЦϸСĽƣסһѹ侲Ŀڵλǰιڴˣ䲻֪ʥǵȥҲܲ³ǱضĳһһؾıأǰΪûȥǲ𣿡
С̫λǰˣλǰֻǵСҲЦ

䣡
µɱһ籩Ƶбնڼ¶
Ǳ磬λܵı쳣̣ȻǼҲ˺ѿռ䡣
⴦ؾʥ߿ԾͷǿֲֿϢõƬػҪ֪챦ĴܣǳԽ龳ǿߡ
ߣ
ŷϴ˳֣ٻһѤõĹĻеĹˡ
𣡣
𣡡
һͷͷ˴Ӱצսɳ֮ǰĻҪǿ̫࣬ȳƵ޾̼סգ˵Ҳмǧͷ
ءͻȻ׼ϵСͻȻһ𣬷ϲƺǷʳ
ϵߵʱѾ޵ĿȨףûеõ׿ϵѾˮҲԳڡ
̵ɣ
ЦЦ
໣
С껯һڹ׼ϷɳȥŸߵͻȻѿһӣеĻ˸ˣƬ̼䣬Сͻص׼ϣ·ʲô¶ûз
񿴵۲СôԵĳﰡҪһֻʮҲԸš
Щŵվϣڱʥǰ뷭첻ɣʥҲ΢΢һŭһֻɫĴɽźƵƥʥֱץ
޾ĺˮֱո޷ʥߵһӦ÷ˣֻռֻ̣ɽˡ
ʥվʥߣܵС
ս
׵޾壬ʥһսǸ֮ãοǰʥʵرıֻ̬Ԫѡ
ҲʥһսĸоҲΪսʱһ
ɫƷ죬ܵĿռϤܵĿܶûУֻӲһơ
һȺ˷ӭȥͨջһɺӭɫĴơ
ײһ𣬶ʱһƬõĹâ޾ˮڣŷ֮纣ХƵĸǧڵĺը죬ǧɸߵ˻
ɫҲֱӷ飬׺ͼһȣֱӳŰצսȥŷϴ˽󣬸Ͳ塣
ʥߣֻЩֶΣǾ̫ʧˣóȫıɡ׳Хһ޴Ľɽײ˹ȥ

ʥڱŭΪֲϢצؿ˸ſֲ⣬֪ʲô
ݣ
һööīɫԲӰצͻȻ


592 ʥ಻
īɫԲɳ֮㼱һתһ˸Ẓ̌󷢳Хƿͷ
СģоһƳ棬ֻʿϲʿľѪɫһ䣬е
δЩƳӭǣ˲ʮɴЩƳһīɫۼףۼ׿ʿĹһĹǵûãһùƳԽĿֲ
֨֨֨֨
ͷ޴ĹƳ淢ϲĽһ͸˿ߣ֩һܲС
ƳٶȺܿ죬дֹ׺ͼɶ֮⣬ŷϴС

һ𽣶ĵӱ͸סȫľѪٵţ˲䶼òϡ
ͣ
ײָ罣һдնϡ
䣡
˸ź⣬һֻ¸ȥͨתµܷ񷡣
һͷͷƳ̱ѣһīɫѪҺžͱһޣս񣬽ЩƳ֮ͻֱӭʥ߳Ļס
һɫĺһɫĺͻХһͨҪսʥߡ

ʥߴŭž޴Ļ˶սһһֻ޴ı۰ɨЯױȵɽƵѹ޾壬󽣹ȵסһ
ûҵ˼£ÿÿ䲻Ĺմӡ¡¡ǻ׵ıĳһӡ
ֻӡգ۾ʧʥߵѰ޷ƷʥҲǿȻԶʼԴǵʥߣսҲҪ߳һ
Ѫӡ
䣡
ǻֱӷ飬һӰӻڷɳֻһѪɫĴӡѹһаϢǵأĺըѣǧĺˮŰĩ
˵սѸԲǧŷϴ޷һսԶԶĹš
ǧ֮ŭХŷϴǰ̾ʦѾƥʥˣ˭Ķ֡
һЦ֮ǽ𽣶пܻ𣬳ΪڻĹҵĴɡ
пѹĹҡŷϴĿһֻҪʦһ·ĳɳһܳɳΪŽ壬ʱǻĹҲҪ

ҹУӰƴ׺ͼѾԡѪλʥҲûֵôһ貵Ľ⻮󱳣쭳һ̲Ѫ
µϢأʥԽսԽľľСȻȻƴ̶ȡ
ˣҳ츳ܸߣҲڴˣҪ֪ʥǲԽĸ߷壬ǲʥߣʼնϡ
ʥ߳Хɸ˴˷ӿƷǳĺƴЦΪһɨһƬõĹâǳˡ
ֳĽն⻪ʮط·Ҫ⽣ն飬ױȵƵƥ
ƣ
ʥˣ׵սĿвˣһȭƵһ⣬ɫҲԽ
Ϊֹɣ
ʥߴȣ¶ЦһɿֲϢɲǼ䱬ɽѣȻ
з·ӰԲͻȻһѪɫԲ˰ס޾Ļȣɱ졣
ãʥ߷˴߶ʥ߷Ҫʦͼ񡣡ŷϴʧ
ʥʩչأϥУŹһ˶Ĥݡ
¶ЦڵòϣҼˣҲڴˣҪǻûʸ񡣡
ô
Ŀ磬Ǹ߸ϵʥߣȻһȣҾҪʥʥ
ɫѪͬһ޴Ľɫ֣赲޾ɱһ߼ҲˣҲŭѾɹһ˹ȥ
ս
˴ȣ޾ʥ߷򣬳ʥ߳ȥ

ʥ߸޾壬ݻʥ߷һɿٵذĲɬϢֲ㣬ӿԶȥǳˣʥߵԿ⡣
ŷϴ˿ľսǶѵ漣ҪˣĿƥʥô
ھƥʥߣҲûˡ
Ѿһ⣬пصܣȻ޾Ļ͸ֱӴ˹ȥ
ͬǷҾѧʩչһֻץסһƬȻֱˡ
䣡
ʥߵСͻȻѿ׺ͼХͬʱȼѪ׷˹ȥ
һʥߵɳȥڿϳһĺۼ


593 ʥ
޾Ļ磬ǧĺһƬǶɢĻڰУһӰĲҽеɳȥ¶Ȳ˼֮ɫ
ŷϴȫ𾪣⡭׺ͼʥɹˣ̫ˣһȥ£ùǷڣ˵ʵۣǿͬ콾е
ˢ
׺ͼû֣ͣʥߵ˵ɲǣѾ׷ˣͨ纣ХƵȫʥϡ
ʥŭҪ赲ʥ߷Ҳľ⣬ʥԭԭҺ׵ģʵԶʼԴǵʥߣһʥ߷ƿѾעҪʧܡ
Ѫӡ
ʥŭȫʥȣʩչǧɸߣͷۣŹһ㣬˿ĹȻС
ͣ
һննȥ۰򣬽żĳһƾʹϡ
սԡѪϧĿĹâ˴˶ԾţһȹʯѾˡ
ǧڴյƶ䶼ˣʥŭХѪɫĹâˣͨ
군ˣ
״˫Ŀ⣬һ޴Ľ㽫롣
ԽսԽ£Ҳȫˣͷ²ɵ¶ԷʥҲС
ۣ
ײָ罣ֱɨжԷʥߵ屬ѣһƬѪڿ
䣡
Ҳݣһ챮֣ɢԵͻأĴʥߵͷϡ
ǧɸߵʥҵҡڣ磬һͻꡣ
ݣ
գʥ߾ȻѡܣһѪ⳯ԶȥգۼǼʮ￪
׺ͼӵмٶȵ콾ֱ׷ȥٴҳ

׵ĽŭȥȫϣҲһԹʥֵûС
ãõúܣǾȻұȵزһɣʥߴŭ¶֮ɫ
䣡
һɿµֲױȣһӱɸߣʥϢǧ
ãҪԻʥ߷ǣ״С
Цû£Ρͷйâһǳסˣٴγɱȥ
ɣ
أ
һ޴ĺƽ٣ʥ߷򱻳ӿǵأѹʮأɽӡ
ۣ
ۣ
ǳţȻĳǵ嵱ѱˡ
Һùؼʱɢ۵ĹâסµĹȫȻæתķ塣
ಡ
ʥһԱʥ߷֮ҪӴܣǽȴˣŷϴǰ𽣶ĵһ֣סŷϴǺݾֱӴ͸Ϊˡ
Ϊʦͼ񻤷ŷϴȵ
ǣ
ǳڣ׺ͼţܴأһҪǵд󶦱ҲУȻ
ؾһӿȫûǵڣһʱǧǳ׳ۣǴľƵĽûɲǼȫʧǱȫյԵʡ
չ˽һʱѾҹʱ򣬼ͬʱХһɫѪһɫѪֱǧɣɿµϢܣຣޡ
ˬʥһսˬû뵽ǾȻĿʥˣӲΰɣ󶦣Ц
΢΢һЦһαʥʥ߲ͬʼԴǵʥһսǱذܡ
ߵҲδأĿʥء
׷ôԹ˳ŷϴǼ˷ȥʥ߱һţҲһ䲻ʥ˵ʥҲ´ࡣ
ʦ壬ʥˣ̫ˣսҲϡ٣ӹҲûм˰ŷϴЦ
΢΢һЦȵǻ˵֮ʣȫ
ҡͷһЦĿ⿴һϢʥߣͻȻ֣סԷѨȻһִڶԷϣһѪ¶֮ı顣
ôңҪֻϾʥߣ״㻹治ġЦ
һƲ죬૵Ҫס
δ䣬ֱӼǳݺײʥϣʥѣԷ֡
ŷϴ˿õսľǿ£һλʥ߱ôãк޲ˡ
ʲô
ײΪһϢʥߣĮʵ
ʼԴǵʿɣˣû뵽ʼԴµ𡣡廨ʥԹؿǣ˻ơ
һϣȵʲôأôϻǷǲǣ
ŷϴȫʯˣ⻹ǰһλʥߵͨܶԴôʹһ˼ɶûУһĻҪǱʼԴǵʿˣһȺˡ
ҽŭǵһλͳ죬ȻѾ䵽Уʲôһ֪޲ԡʥ̾һҲˡ
ˣСӣǱءȤ䲻ͷһ⣬ŵæ졣
һ˶ˣʥ߶ȥˣĿڣʡ
ǲ֪ŭؿǡ
ϻҪ֪㣿ٲʵͰƤӵι㡣ţûаѶԷһλʥߡ
ŭĿһ˿䣬Ҫֲң֪ҲóЩĳӲҪǣԼѡ
һǧսӦйսʿֻЩʧ룬еĹˡŭʵʵ˵
һȺ˶ʱ¶֮ɫ˿ֳ׼С꣬ŭеĹؾˡ
ʥأʥж٣ʲôطʵ
ʥʮλλʥ٣ĸԼʼԴǵʿڹȪ֮ţǻȪ֮ź洫˵޾ıء
Ȼûлƴ׵˺ܲ졣
ڻȪ֮ǣǲһƴģ֮ǰΣ˫ʥ䣬ǡǣ
ͻȻŭ¶޾ľ֣ƺޱȹһ㡣
ʲô
һһλʥ¶ı飬ѵؾвѰ֮
ŭ˸ž֣ЩѾʥ߳ڻȪ֮ţΪȪ֮ŵػߣʵ˾ۿߵһλʥڻȪ֮սָˣǸ֮ͱɻȪ֮ŵֳǳĹ죬ۿʵš
׵𾪣Ҳȫ¶֮ɫ
ϣȻô
һأκ˶ųȥģκˣͻȻŭĽеĶħ˲


594 
һȺһλʥʧ̬زҲǻȪ֮жôı̬Ϳ£ʥ߸ֻ۲УλĴȻۡ
ιô𣿺ôҲһλʥߣأ治֪ô޳ʥߵġĵ
ŭһĽ֮Ժ˺ֻܶ࣬һЦ߲ͬҪ޲ܳΪʥߣֻҪۻ㹻ľͿýԭҺΪʥߣҴǿ˵ԡ
ġһ䣺ʥ߻ۡ
Ȫ֮ģǹȥɡ׳Ƭ̣˵
ŭ󾪣ʱ¶֮ɫʲôҪȥȪ֮ţҲܴȥһġ
׵һЦ˵ȥھͻһᱻɿܣڣó
ŭɫʱһƬҰס
΢΢һЦ˵˵˺ѡȥȪ֮ŻѡɿܣѡȨ㣬Ǿ档
ŭɫ֣̿¶ı飺ĲȥȪ֮ţǻģĻġ
ܺá
ЦЦͻȻӿһɿµϢ˵ȻˣǾͳΪҵĿܰɡ
𡭡֡ŭɫ粻æ˵
Ʋ죬һʥأһûУֲǵĶء
ŭżˣͳ߽ģģҲӹѣ
۾϶Ƿ˰ɣҿõʥ߾ȻẦʲôȪ֮ţҲǼʶˡ
ײΪһЦٴηסŭѨ˵߰ɣȥʶһ´˵еĻȪ֮š
ŭѾ֪Щ˶ʼԴǵ콾ͲЩµ飬ϾûۿһĻĻĳʵš

׼糯ţŭ˵ȫٺֻܵȪ֮ţֻ;ҲΣգڿȪ֮ŵƬк޳Ⱥвǧľͺޡ
գһȥ׼ڲӿĴһߣٶȿķ˼ŭЩ棬һսչֳȻǼսҪֲ
ţ
ͻȻó׼ͣǰƽĺ棬¶һĨɲı顣
ôˣǰʵŷϴĿתؿŭλʥͻȻߡ
Щ֡۾
ôûпһſϺض
ûûǰĺ̫ƽȻٸ֪һ£ҵĸ֪Χûκεڡ
ţ
һʶȥ֪ǰĺ˵һ㣬ǰʮһƬž˿־塣
΢΢üһ·֪ɱ˶ٺޣǰĺȴûκε飬·һƬƬ󺣣ǵڵģһһֺܹĸоһ˵ǳΣա
ֱӼǳֵǻ˵ʲôֱӽ䱸£ĸоһ׼Ҫǿ̫ˡ
üǳ׼綼סǰĺžޱȵѹ֡
ͺ⻹ûеȪ֮أڻȪ֮Ÿκι鶼ܹ뿪ܱסһŭ廨ţЦ
һ𽣶ĵòͷһƾʹȥͬʱֹһԭʥĺˬ
ԭضƬ̣ǰʼպܰûзʲô仯׶Լǲɹˡ
Ȼһ̣һĺɫǰ溣ǷԲһƬɵľ󣬺ɫĴǵأȥǳˡ
ģô£һ
˵׳
ǺԽԽŨ񣬵ͿκζסһС
쿴ʲôƬ̣ǺͻȻһһİ׹ûܿһҾ޴սģ
һϢݶ
һݣæѰϸȥľһһ¶֮ɫ
ʲôæʵ
һҾ޴սվˣڤˡðײſ˵
ʲô
ʲô
һȺȫʧɫŭ¶֮ɫֵĽеǰͨظĲ·ǻ˿𣿡
֮Ҳ½Զľ󣬵һսվıֱʱȫһ
ЩûаϢɫ˫ͫ񣬴źɫĿֱֳָ
һսʻţȻǳߵķʻ


595 ս
ģѵڵظظôطҲųһëǼöˣôǵһ
һҺɫսĵʻţٶȷǳվڴ˫עǰһɼ¿ֲϢ
ʼԴǴ£Ҳд˵˵ǵظеʿѺŸոǰڤأ·жôǿΪҪ˱ᣬЩһ˵ظ
еظ𣿵ݽʱ˭ǰոأ׿ǰ૵
ң
ͻȻһսͻȻĽһڴһţת۾ͱΧ
ǡʦ塣ŷϴȫһɫ䣬ʱ¶˼֮ɫ
ʦ֡ͬһһűΧ꣬ͬǳ𾪡
񱻾Ŀɿڴûпģôץˣѵˣ
ɫĿǧ´͸ŹŹ֣Ҫȥһ
Ҫ֣Ƿǳ飬ŵظҪǱץˣ˭ҲȲ㡣æȰ衣
ڼȻʶ죬ȴԼֵܣɲԼֵȥðա
ϻ̫أǿĸҲԸȥǣΨֱմȾڤᱻһ
ҲûУǰо޾һλʥλʥͻȺһаʥȻʥһȴͻȻУκףʱȫüķɳĽ
˶ǱˣжôǿΪ˭㵽
˷£ʥ߶֮մһӶ޷
ʦпܱץˣȻû䣬ҾͲӲĿᶨ
̯֣׵ƢСӾ˭Ҳ޷ģ˵ǳ󶦻ܰ䡣
أô󶦱ˣԡЦЦʱɫְ
ιҪȥ̽հЩĺΣյģǻ취ȳꡣ
΢΢һЦʦֿɵȲ𣬼һ㣬һұϽսϣϵתͷ뿪⣬ԽԶԽãǧҪǿ
áӦһѾ⣬һʲôΣգԼϾͻ֣ʲôƨһȫ顣
ݣ
׳ɫַ˹ȥոսӽһ֮ŻѪζ
һվڴϣɫԵ÷ǳ죬һûκΣԡ
ʦ֡ͬʱ˫ĿѾɫѰȥѰꡣ
׺˼û˿ӦղҲֻǴſڵķλûпױϣֻðȥ
޾ȻҲҪܽĵĽ䵽һҴϣӴľк
ˢ
Ȼһ˲ϵͻȻۣɫ͸ſº
𣡡
һ޵ĺӴڴһӰֱܳס
ģʲô
Զ˽ŵĹţӰһ
һ޴ĳӣǧ㣬ͨ廬Ƶģмɣȳζ
Ǵ˵еʬ棬ֻˣԭΪǴ˵еĳӣû뵽ʵˡ
޴ʬڿŤţŻһȥ˾㤣᲻һ˿һս
Сӣûգʬ棬𡣡ѵ
ɫ򶨣һն˹ȥȼųȵĻ棬Һ˻ϵʺ϶Ըʬ档
ʬ濴ȥֲȴ׵ļ⣬֮޴ʬͰһΪҽ
˻رܣ
ھ޴ʬʧɲǣһɭֲĪᡣ
ģ˭װŪϽӳ۴Уǳ˹ȥ
ЩʱҲȻ仯ǱϺɫǳ¶һſµȫɵУŨҵ֮Χסס
Щǰ֮ͨԽոΧס׾ɱ
ߣ
֮⣬׸ͲνĵظڤΣһɱ
ХһӿһƬȵĻڣһӾûΧߵ
ȥ
һɲǣһͺϬĽõĹĻնװս


596 ħ
ȵĻպաĹֽ׽ɨ²ɵЩȥǳĿֲĶ֡
һ죬Ҵֱӱ룬ϱµĽžͷ׷ڻˡ
ұΧƵĴڷɳһ޴ʬ棬ȫʹŤӣڿ裬ֶ̼Ϊҽ
ɱúãҲȭɡУеȲս
׸ǲҪܹŹ֣ҪմڤѰǿаһ롣
ļٵģе㲻š
ߣ
ЦһͻȻһһźķɳǺڴĽеĶħ˲
һȺȫȻʵҿʲôҸղôûп
ɱѰܽⲿƳûǧҪ
Ȼô˵ҲͰԴȥЩδ֪ڤ˭жǺܼɵġ
׽һĴ󴬺ĿֿһҴ󴬡
ɫѪбʱʱȫĽɱ
Щս˵ܵͣڵĺɱУȥЩ֪ܷʲô״
Ƭֽ̺һûзӰ
кâһз˺ݡ
ˢ
ֱӷɵ߿С
ʮأ
޾ĻдŽ೤ＸʮɲǼͰеһҴȼʬǳ𺳡
ι㻹ǲᱻ𺣳
տڵЦ䲻Ϳױ޾ĺǺһֻֻƵģϵ䶯ţҪ
ȣ
׳Хȫ͵һ޾ĽɫâкѪʢ˫ĿһɫĹâҪѰӰ
ݣ
ͻȻһӰӴſµϢһƴϣ񱩵ǵأĿ¡
ƺһ͵ɳȥһƲʹ壬ҺŽһƾҪ
𣡡
ǱֵӰҰ޺еһڽ㽫еĴ棬ӿ𣬶ɣˡ
ǳס˳׼磬Сӣûɣ
ˢ
׼Ӱһ׳ڴϣɫŲĳ죬ɫǳǱӰ
û°ɣʵ
һ˿ѪҡͷˣϾͻд鷳ˡ
ʲô顭
䣡
ûȼĻ˵꣬ǺӰȻХһ޾ĺУ¶Ŀ
ʦ塣
ģôùɡ񰧺
ո͵Ϯ׵ĺӰ꣬ȻǰƽѾһɢųüһƣ˫˸Ŀ⣬һϢ
֪鰡ڤϡڣһʺ˫׵ˣǹԽĿ¡
ˢ
һһͻ͵ĳʥ޽һƷʥ㲻̫ǿ󣬵Էӳȫ
е֣ʦȵʥȥˣʱȻ£Զ۷ʱڵʵ׼缱ٵţں׷ᣬ޾Ĳ˷𣬺һƬڡ
Һó׼ٶ죬һʱ껹׷ϲϡ
׵ĻĿһϸ˵ڼбȿ飬ڵйء
ţһüͷ
Ǳڤ֮ˣ֮ǰѾܵˣȻڿȥͣҹƾڵһõʱƣпܻ䡣͵
ŷϴ˴󼱣ƽԵãҶ뿴䣬һλʥ߲ףʵڽ𽣶Ҳƾ֮С
ˣˣҲظˣϵڤոǵġŭЦǷ񣬻֪ԼҲӲĶˡ
ģ
һתͷ׵˳֣ٶƷ꣬Ϊڵڤֻ취С
š׵ͷʱǳСˣСڿ϶֪ظʲôڣǴ˵еֵΪ
ŷʦֶ㸺Ƴ׼磬Һͼʦ֡ҲҴ⣬ó˳
Ͼһλʥߣһλ˵ʥҲá
ͷǳĿҲıء
겻ͬŭһλսʥʵԷͬСɣעһս


597 Ծ
𣡡
׷Ȼǲ壬սڣһ޴Ľ⻯ɽХ
׺ͼӳ׼ϷɳȥԿµĽɽͬʱ֣Ƶ˽ɽ콣˷ȥ
ʦ֣ױȣ˵뻽ħ꣬籼ףȴûʲôôΪܼĹɽХ
ͷǳ壬ֱӾͳ˹ȥһɫĹ⻪֣ݻҵͨҵĻȥ
ͬһ߹
ӥգڿŲƣսһ𣬵վһλʥߣȻ޵У־Ҳһһ㽫롣
䣡
ⳡսΪļңȴսŭʱҪ༸֣˽߾ȫҪ꣬ʼûԸ
𣡡
һ޺ͻȻӿޱߵĺһͷδ֪Ĺһ£һ˰
񣬲ˣһʦ͸֧Ǳսپȡ
ͷͬʱǿͨʩչռϷ磬һζս壬ϰ˲ػܲ˷ɸߵĺХǾˡ
ãڣˣ
ͻȻ׸е
֪ΪΣϵ޷죬׿ڵɲУٳʱѾ˻ص׼ϡ
ʱһ޴ƾճ֣Χƣȫȼ³һͼת
׽ӵ֮Уȵ𡣡
ˢˢˢ
ǴУּɫĴֱ˫š˫ȣɲǼ䲻ܶ
ݡ
״ԭʧȻͳȫעָϣǿס꼸Ѩ
ԭħɿڰһɢߵĺصϡ
ǳһ쳣ʹ߶׳һ
ղҵĹ޵ͻأֵİ갲
ԶŭһĻɫܸӡ
֪⼸ǺģǸ֮õˣֱǾ侲˼£ֲӵս
ɫ࣬ڵϲܶüȻһźûȻħ
ô죿ħҲǵǿȺóļܡε˵
üͷϸԼѧͨô뻹ûйôڤİ취
ѰԡƬ˵
𣿡˵ǵʵ
̾ϢһҲ֪̫죬ҲûаգʦֵʵʰʱǼޣһֳֻӡ
˵ͷҲֻ취ˣѾڵϦѺҪȼս½ٽ֮ȻǴҲûˡ

ϣӶһԻӿŭ
һɫӵգʩչѰҪƽڤ
ǽɫܲУȻкҪϣȻһüĴڳɫȫˡ
ţ
һаݶǱĸо˸оϢ׶䲻ս
ãǺͦɵСӵѰýӽĿһ
ϥɫâţڰУױׯһ
ڷ¡¡죬ӴѰȫʩչ󣬵ʱҲںǲǻɵĿܡ
Ľɫٴδ̽ٶƥĳơ
üƺһ磬µĺֲ㽫׼֣ǳһƾͰѺɢˡ
𣡡
۳һͷʬģ˹һɫᴩգʧȻ޾ʬ棬Χơ
ģڤѵǻ˲ɣûȻԶĹͷ૵
Щ赲ס
Ѱȫʩչʱһ޷ܣѰɿȾͨ
һɫɫЩʬ飬ѸײڶٶȽ
䣡
ҵҡҪѰƣʼûеóѣѰԽĶ࣬һʱͰӡ
ڱжð̱ѰƸˣײѰƴĿڱн룬ɨЩĺ
ֻüеĺһУѰƽ֮ʯ󺣸ûһ˿Ӧ
ѰƵһƣϢƽȺܶ࣬ɫҲǴɫˡ
ջѰͻȻһѪȫѲͱ塣
ˡ
һȺȻ
䣡
ײţɫѪݿ㽫ǹɹķѹסˡ


598 Ĺ
Ƭ̺ȫָѪȻʢǹɷû̫ܵ˺һվ
ֻʱѹסʦֵħԣӦѹưңûнİ취ֻٴѰܳڤʦֵҲ֧Űꡣ
ŷϴ΢΢ɿ֧ŰˣʱѾصʼԴǣѰҰ취
Ҳ˵ǲõģǶԵظ˽⣬ҼЩͷ϶֪һͷһλүүΪⶾ
ЦеòˣÿԴʦȥݷüҡ
ʲôԭǼҵĵӣֲã٣ԾʼԴǼҶ֣ǲϾɱͲˡŭ󾪣֪ݡ
ߵ׾ͺãǼҵӣҪˣʲôУС֮
ŭЦҲЩΪ޿֣ԭǴͷ콾
뵽ĿһףΪóײȺ콾쵼ߣҵĵӶôŷָкεȿֲݣ

߰ɣŴǰȪ֮š׷Ը˺տֶ꣬ŭ˵
ŭ̾Ҳ˵ʲôһȺٴγŻȪ֮űȥ
ļƽ˾ҲûкʱҲ˴š
֮
ԭӯӯĺˮ𽥱ɫŭɫȻˣ¶һĨ壺Ѿ֮ˡ
֮
׼ٶȣƵĺˮҲ˾裬˭Ҵ⡣
ǻȪ֮ŵıԵشں׳˯һ̤֮ͻᾪЩ飬ǱЩɱǾͻػȪ֮ŵսʿ
˵δ̫ˣô£š
ŭ˵ǼȪ֮ž˵ĻˣҪ֮ǳѣСİɡ
СһǼǳ׼ס
ݡ
׼Ѿ֮ٶȿķ˼Ҳ뾡촩Ƭ硣
䣡
ȻոպƬ̣׼ĵײ㱻ҵĹæսɵС
顣ð˳һͷͷĹ֣ĽΧ˹
һһ㣬ʲôͬŭȴȻȫһĽ
ҿв
ŭŵؿһͻȻеЩЩﶼҵĲ°
ʲô
׵𾪣ٴοЩ飬ЩɢűϢɣܿŲͬס
ûģȫҵĲ°ѵѵЩĹﶼԩ겻ɣŭֵ
Ĳ£治ʲôúµģѵ𣿡Ʋ죬һ˹ȥ
մӡ޼᲻ݣĶСʮͷִɷ飬ɫѪҺڿС
ౣ
һƴôȺµ鷢ŭˣҪײ׼硣
üͷĬĬ۲ţʼûж֡
ͻȻһǳ⣬ЩԸַߣǳҲԵֵһ
СӣԷߣǳͲܶγɷҪȥսˡ
š׵ͷӿһƬ⽫ϴļͷ顣
ʦ壬뽫ЩｻǴãҲһЩӵĿʲôЧ
׿һŷϴֿȺӣЦЦðҲҼʶһǵս
ŷϴǫ˵ȻʦȣһȺǻӦ
š
׵ͷüſһ·ŷϴȣ¶սı顣
ײų׼磬ͬʱŷϴǵսһʲôΣҲ÷Ԯ
ˢ
ӰɳݺᣬһͷͷĹﱻݺƥĽ˺ѳƬ
ԣǻúΣȱʵս飬ԺҪִƽ𽣶ģһЩײָ㽭ɽһǰƵġ
ЦЦĿضŷϴˣΨֳʲôıʡ
䣡
ͻȻճĻɫըһ޴ĺӰ֣ҲĹ˵Ҫö࣬аɴĿ¹
ŷϴһһΧԹȥ
Щſھһ⣬߽˽
ɫһѵЩѼںˣƬлҪ찡
˵䣬ʮͷɵĹ֣ĽҵĹʱŷϴ
׵ҲžԮЧģŷϴս֮⣬ʵսĻ̫ˡ
ŷϴХٴαãһֽܲܲУһƬõĹĻ
ܲţ΢΢һЦ˵һ仰ɫһ䡣


599 ޴
䣡
ɫըѣһͷɵĹ֣žŸԴȫŹ΢ЦһЦҪֿˣǰɣ̬Ϊǵֵܺܵ
ŵǳƽټģ˶鲻Խشսģⶼʲô
ȷܹ죬⴦ؾеĴһǻȪ֮žʲôҲü
ߵӲŲʲô˵ŷϴͷĶô
˵䣬ǾֻԴĹ﷢µĽŷϴ˲õĽ
أ
ֻһŷϴ˾ˣ顣
ȥɡ۾һЦʵֵñӳˡ
ŷϴҲ֪У׷׺˹һХ˹ȥǼմӡ
Ǿͷ໵Ĺֽһ׷ɫճҺ壬ɢһ˾㤵ϢӰһʹԭʧһɫʯѹǹҵɫĺס

ǻɫıըһһľͷ֣ȫɣϴŹ֮Цݣ
ȥġ˫֮ķһƵģֱըƬ
ɲǼ䣬׹ХԴʮﶼסһͷͷĹըѣճĻɫˮ׷ױѣƮһͷͷ
ˢ
񷵻սϡ
۵ֱ˼װϣûӳһƿҩЦǼһžѧӡɣ
ǰɣҲΪǣʩչһͨǱȽϷģҪС˼ҩɫࡣ
΢ЦͨȷղһȫĹ
ϣʲô˼ûĲɣƲ죬ղһǷǳģԲʮ֮ھûκλ
ЦЦĿ⿴Զ૵ҸоһһˣԸɡ
һҿ
ʱҲ֪ˣƬ̺˶ǰһڣһ޴ĺӰڱأ
ҿǴһﰡСܸܲ㶨ǰֵĹˡ
ŷϴҲȫ𾪣Щŵؿǰ
һͷ֪ǧɣԴľ޴ԶĺȫǾ㤵Ц⣬ǧͬʱ⸱ĿºͿֲ
µֵ𣿿ںϰɣ˻͸ģĿǲҪִԲˡ
ɢµĲŷŹЦݵף˺¡
ôҺˣһХʩչأҲǧɸߣɫѪһɣ˫Ŀȴó죬ҪѰȥһ⾿ʲô
Ȼһ֮¸졣
ⳤĹѰ֮һźһŲϷĹУһͷµĹ·Ǻϳɵһ룬Ҳ塣
ԭŽ尡ȱĿ壬Һɣһȥˡͬʱ˵ţһֻֻԴüһҪסס
ͣ
һ޴Ľͨлȼգ֣ȻƵնȥ
ſٵذܣһֻֻһԴն顣
໣
﷢ĽһƬƵī֭ϵŤҪס
ʮأգ
䣡
շ·Ҫˣ޴Ľ۹ĿѣĮ飬޴Ľһ
Ҳ˵ãī֭ƵҺѸٵܽ⽣Ҿ޴ֳ
Ǳ̬Ĺﰡ૵
һֳһƲס޴ĹĴУҲ޼¡

̾Ϣһֳֳݺһ޴ĽγһƬ޴ĹĻط·ֻʣһ⡣
ͣ
޴ֱӱն룬˻ҽ
˰Ҫ۵ģģǾ޴Ĺʧɲǣ
·ܴ͸꣬ü𽣶ĵ񶼱룬һ˸૵ںϰɣҲҪںϡ
ž
һںϳĹܺ𣿡
ǱˣȻаš׷ɻһ߼ʵճɫ棬ߵŭǰ
Ƭж೤ǻҪòܵȪ֮ţֱʵ
ŭͻȻúܹ죬Щζֱֱض׵ˣЦǡҪȥȪ֮𣿡


600 ͭ
ŭŹֶҼֻ¸ƽ˼ֲֿŷϴɫһ䡣
ͬɫһ䣬ŵģһŭͷϣģͷŻ˭أ᲻ú˵ŲŰӽȥҲĹ
ŭһƴðǣݺݵضż񣬺ðβͻȻ̾ȻѰҲǣȵ˻Ȫ֮Ǿͻ֪Էˡ
߰ɡЦЦĿ⿴ԶճĻɫˮǳĹ죬вһɲͷ
ɨƽЩĹٴγǰʻȥһ·Ǻܰû顣

׼ͣŭֵؿؼĹϴţٴη޾ľ֡
¶֮ɫĿͬЩ͡
ǧɿ⣬һ޴ͭžţɣǧɣɢϲɣϢ
ͭŲ֪˶꣬סǵȥ·ȻѾߵƬؾľͷ
⣬ǻȪ֮𣿡ǰɸߵͭŴ͸ŹŹ֣һΧһ˿綼ûУط·𶼾ֹˡ
ǻȪ֮ţЩʥأˣǴԽ˻Ȫ֮ȥ˱˰ŭܾ֣ƺǼʲôµĶһ㡣
ͷǸôߣ֮ǰӦ֪ôͭŰɣ
ŭֵҡͷ˻ƣ﷢˴սʥ߶һţʥ䣬Ȼ󡭡Ȼͱͭ˽ȥת˲ٴθػͭŵսʿҵʱŵøεѣϼʻŻ׷ˣûпν롣
ģûƭǣ׹һ
ŭЦʱôᡭҪͻȻһĪһӾͽµĽƿˣžŭͷٶȾס
أ
ڤڤ֮ĪǣŭֱһͷײͭϣȫѪҺͭգ˵ѣòˡ
ʲô
ҿ
һȺ𾪣¶֮ɫ
ǰһз̫ˣգۼŭɱ˭ûпȫûв
ݡ
ͭŭѪҺƺҫһ΢ĹâһЦ˳
ԭŭٴγˣֻģ΢˸ı䣬ԭģ±ȴһ㣬Ťӡ
һĻȫ׹ѡ
ڿͭǿֲ֪ͽһλʥתػȪ֮ŵսʿ
λС𾪣Ѿ֤ǼλСѴ˿ŭЦݣֱֱضǡ
˼ͻȻڳ׼粻Զһ٬ȫһ
һڹ˸ԱҲһҺɫսһλߵվڴͷϣźɫĶ񣬿ԭĿ
㣡С
Ҳüͷкǽ䱸
ֵĺǵԪ֣Ȫʼħʥӡ
ǺǣֵѺͼѱǰһսǹ񫣬ϧûɱǡ΢Цħħڽµħŭš
㵽˭׳ʵ
ǾأЦЦͻȻһֱӱͭţһħƵġ
λҲֻ֤ҪɱͿ֤ˡŭЦ
ߣʬѣΪҲ֪ĵϸǺЦͻȻһĳԳһ磬ŭ˽ȥ
𣡡
ŭ𣬾Ȼʥȴ޷Ǻ˵ʵǿһħסŭһԪʼħֱӽŭˢ˽ȥ
ԪʼħҵĶըѣŭҲʧȻˡ
׵˾Ȼ
˵ʵȻǿƺлҪǿһ׶δǶ֣ƫƫֲʥߣѵλȪʼħڵĵô²ɣ
ģְܼɫܲÿʵ˸е
һлɱŭٴηɻشϣ΢Цֿ֪ͭŵ
֪֪ǻȪʼħڵʥӡҡͷĿƵĿ
֪ҲǣЦʡ
ȻȪʼħڵͨģµΩΩФȴһ㱾Ŀû뵽ʼԴǾȻĸ֣ĳ
ȴһüͷ૵ûнʥô̬ܽɵͨģµΩΩФѵѵ壿
ʲô
ŷϴ𾪣ޱ𾪵ؿǺˣ˵еѵҲ𣿹ʣȻˡ


601 
壬ǽŽʣϻҪڼɲ塣
Զ˵ѪԿٵصҲûгּλÿγʱ޵£峼
ڻĹڰĹսԶ壬Ҳûг֡
Ȼȥֻڴ˵еһ¶ˣǰ
䣡
ǺЦϹâһɽɫâһѪޱ޼ʣӿȡ
⡭Ȼһ·ҲΪŽ塣
Ȼ壬ģʣһ˫ۿԿͨתΪãֻȻģŽ壬СķͬѰװò񰡡üͷûƤЦǺص˵
ĵ伮Ȼɾ޷ķתֵֻܸļͨѡ΢Ц
Ȼ壬ΪβĿˣѵعԼɣĿһ¶΢Ц
ЦѪҡͷڻʱһǻġ
ĿһͻȻСӣҪҪ尡δǵĴ󻼡
׿ЦȻұ¶ԼȻб֮ûȫ׼ɱһԡ
ǻˣһŵƣԺɱҲɣ彫ҵĥʯЦ¶öı顣
λɱ𣿡Цʵ
񾭹𾪣Ͳںʲô壬ϾԼҲǶһ޶ʣֻǲмһЦɱʲôҵĥʯպɱ㡣
ǺǡһЦ·ЦЦƵġ
΢΢ǰһߣͻȻֳһſµѹȥͬʱſһڽ⣬Ҳն
ǺǣڿҵΪ𣿡΢ЦͻȻӿ֣һֻɫı֣䣬Ƭռ̣ͱˡ
һļµӱɢĥ̴СеĹ
͵ϮһУڻ㣬ҲǹƽԼĹ׵ĵס΢΢һЦں
΢Ц
ǾסʼԴ𣿡ʵ
⣬ˡʱܻش㣬ҵһսʤҽһЦ
á׵ͷ
Ʋ죬ȵСӣղ˵ʲôʬ棿ô£У֪ͭŵ𣿡
һһ䣬ӳܣ׺ͼĺԽ¯ࡣ
΢΢һЦڵԶͭţͷѵͭŵʲô𣿡
ʲô
ɵؿһۣҲ΢΢۾ȥϸ֮ȴȻ֮ɫȻǿߡ
ġòǹײĸ𣿡ɲ
׵ͷȷһײĸǣֱ֪ҪһЩܸ֪һ
û⣬ǻҪϻͭţҸҲ޷΢Ц
Ѿƻ֪λ˵˭ɣҲֻϺһǰ֪顣΢Ц
ľ衣
֪Ҫ̫ˣҸһּĪĸо
Ľɫ׻û
ڤڤ֮У׿Զ϶δʱλ彫Լĵˡ
ƨͷţҴš壬һľ
һЦóϷȻ٣ĻֲȴʱװһԵӣδִߣ治ס
׺ͼɫͬʱһڡ
ԽԽϲһ˵ķʽһ˹ģ·һж֮Ƶġ
ҲɷϣλصȷǼ¡ֲ
ٺ٣ˡĿһһɵģ
ЦЦ˵λǾһ壬һλʮ׵ľˡ
׺ͼɫûб䣬ǴӿͭǹײĸǵһҲ³ˣͭźӦþλ˵ĹأײĸǶôλжôĸߴ
壬ϡٵ壬ǵԶΪʼԴʱҲûгֹҲֻһЩ伮пھϡ
סһž޴ϣСľҲа׸ߣΪ᲻ϵıߡ
ʼһʮ׸ߵľˣѾǰ벽ۣžǿʵ
ײУǾסҲɵΣǾһλʼƵϷ
ÿεһƬɱ¾ūһƬ򣬵ܹ֮ǰ֪һ޴ű𣬳ˡ


602 ĹѨ
޴ͭžţἰ׵ҲûϵͭžȻǹײĸǡ
ôײĸǺ棬λܵĹˡ
ϺſȺʥߣԼ𽣶ʥǴʱӦǰĹأȥѰλı
֪ܲ٣ֵʵҵȺ氡΢Ц
ЦҲ֪ѣһ֪Ϊʲôȥ˻ػĹصսʿ
Ϊʲôʵ
Ϊⱦһλ飬޴ڣѾǣ̤ɲǣǻ봦ĻɱǡЦŽ͵
׺ͼĬȻ
ܵ鵹ҲǺر£һЩ󱦻棬Ȼܵ飬ԭЩ²⣬õȷϺ󣬱΢΢ͷ
λĴ˿ʬ취Ҳ֪ԵǴٽʱ򣬻ÿʬԸҵȣ˲أ޵ʥ֮⣬ͺȫ䡣
΢Цţûд˵λ֪Ҫö࣬ΣյĻڣ֪ܶһЩܹǺõġ

ȻȻ֪ȫ飬ôҲҲµҲĹڵײʲôɣĿһͻȻʵ
ĬƬ̣ŵҵõϢĹڲžܱѹεıֵ󡣡
ˮˣĿһæʵιͷ¶βļһ֪ôĹ𣿡
أЦЦ
ûϻˣҪ֪˵Ȼ˵ô࣬˵Լʵ޷ĹصģǺ
ЦԷ飬Ȼ֪ǰƾڵΪȷ򲻿Ĺء
΢΢üʵͭľҪʲô취
ҪͭţڰʱŴΣҪȰ֮󡣡΢ЦŸ𰸡
ײĸǣ
ɵؿһ۾޴Ĺײĸǣ૵ҲǺԡ
䣡
ǳǴ󶦵һתǧɴɢӡɣĿϢ
ȥ
󶦺ХɳһɽײͭţҲ˫־ؿš
ǳڽӽͭŵʱȻҫ۵Ĺâǿʮ࣬ݺײȥ
ˣ
ͻȻͭϵܲڷ⣬һɷµѹƺƵϯʮء
Ǵ󶦱סȻڲϵķ飬ҲסǳĹƣûײͭϡ
ġΣǲʵջǳҲ¶֮ɫ
ղŶȫǳȥײͭţȻʧˣͭʮ֮ڶûнӴ
ǺǣȻͭԷκηұҲǺţֵĲ֤ҵϢ١
ŭָģңŲűȾѪͭ޹ף
ЦЦ˵ҼȻֺͼ֣Ȼбȫ֮ҲҳְɣΪУάڵ״̬һκǻΪѡ
ѣ
ЦҿɲҸʣұһ
ЦЦ˵
׶ͭţ֣ǲֻñȥͭ޹ףֿʾǿһɣ
ͷҲɴ࣬˵֮Σʣξֺֻͼˡ
΢ЦֻҪǰΣʣοԽǡ
ã
һХһɫĹâϵĶͻȻһըѣ¶޳ӰȴһŹߣ˿ʵݡ
ĺǿȱӻҪǿ٣Сӣľа૵
׵ȻһЦ˵ôһλѵĸִߴ٣˵ҲǺ£֪ǲġ
Ŀ͸һɼ㣬ĳоһĪѹҲ֪ϳ֮⻹и׷ϡ
׿żıҲЦˣСڶʲôѹȸˡ
䣡
ʱѾɵͭ޹ԱߣӰСϣƻֺ룬һƵģޱߵľη
أ
һȭ·ضһȭͷһɺͭ޹ϡ

ͭ޹׷ӴȻһɺܳҪɡ
ˣ
峤ХɫѪǹɺˣһƺݺĳ

ڶӰ΢΢һģתѰĿһƴͭ޹Ϻ˳ϮڣǶǿлˡ
ƣҲȷֻܴơ׿һĻҲԼš


603 ѹɵı
峤ԣɢһ޵еķɣһٴһͭϡ

ƵĴǿչ¶ţƵͭϣبžʹڵĴ΢΢һ֮ǸĿº
ˣ
ȣѾˣʱ׶ˣһͷϹ塣
䣡
ȫĵɫѪֱӾһаȭ죬һȭȫ֣ܿͨʥߵһɫĺƵģݺݵػͭϡ
޴ͭžҵĲһɹɺ磬ȫɫѪڵ
ɫٴѸٻƣȫѸ½͵㣬һǰδеƣϯȫʹڵΪҲԲ
ˣХһ׹Ķȫһʹƣմӡ޼᲻һģܹᴩأ鶼΢΢һݡ
֮ǰֻףȻҲ֪ɲ壬ʵĲ̫һλ֣ǼմӡȻҵӹȻ鴫
λ콾ƵĹͭҡҡ׹һϸƳھϣ·һ̾ҪƵġ
ԽŨܣγһɹɷ籩Ϯȫסˡ
֣ȫ֣ƴΣ׿һĬĬϢ壬΢΢һЦ
Լǣˣ
ЦЦ˿ɣԲȾ㳾λ콾վһ𣬶ͬʱ֡
䣡
ʥҲֵסλȫ֣Ƶƥᴩɽӣ˾ʮأݺݵشǼͭϡ
أ
ޱȾ޴ͭŵ飬һ˱õɳȥظԵսϡ
ͭʧ˲䣬һɫĹĻǹĻҡڣ·ʱпҪʧ
ˢ嵱ϣսֱӴ˹ȥ
Ҳߡ׵ȵͬʱ裬ָ
׼ŷϴ˵ĲٿҲٵĽǺɫĹĻڣһ˲ͳһСڡ
ž䡢ڰ˸еѹֵϢ
λĵطǺڰģܼžһ˿綼ûС
ʿеʬѾ֪ȥ
ҲµóΪ⴦Сڻûʲôǰǧ֮ĺɫ
һͨĺ߲֪ɣ֪ʲôɣһֺܲĸоһִɫ·ģڤڤܻ֮΢
ġòǴ˵е켫ɣɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ
켫ѵֶǴ˵Ĺ𣿡Ҳ죬ֹŷϴҲ¶֮ɫȻֶеİ
켫Ǵ˵漸˵ļ干ͬģʱ໹ܱ΢ڻ֮С
⼸ʱ£֪˶ɱ֮Ҫ켫Ϊɽһλɽ٣Ҫͳ壬ʱҰʢһʱǿҲˡ
ΪɣȫȻ潫ʮλԼΪ۲ų׷ӡɡ
ɵ֫ǻȫޣǱϾˣԴʲô취Ҳ޷
ֻ켫ɵͷ­ӡŵ֮أ㰲
Ϊ飬̫ʱһֱڣ˭Ҳ֪٣Ϊڵʿ̫Ĵɽ硣
ϿɵоͷۣҲǲģبų棬ʼҲҪء

ʱ˿ںڰյĺɫʱжһֺܹŹֵͷ
ѵǼ˵켫켫ôļֵᳬ
ܿ϶Ǵ˵еı𣿡׳ʵԽԽºܹŹ֣ԭһѰ֮ñ˷룬ΪӦóֵ͡ˡ
ҡͷ˵ҲȷǷľ켫˵̫ǼģйΪ磬ҡǼʼҲս
ʲô
׵˵ˡ
֣ôܣ̫žĹֹ꣬ʱ򼧼۴˻ûгɣôܲһսŷϴʵ
΢΢һЦɫкǽ˵ΪʼѾΪۣͨתԽʱϣص̫䣬̫ӢսɣǵʼһˣĹ֤۴󶼲һս
һš


604 
ʲô
˸ǾȣĹ֤۾Ȼȫȥ̫սҲ̫˼˰ɣ׶¶ޱȾ֮ɫ͸¶ֱܼ̫ˡ
˵Ŀģʵ
ͷ˵Ȼģɴɽķǳֲ֪˶ٵߡ
ʵûа취ԪʼֻϷͨʱ䳤ӣþͨĵߣǹʱ䳤ӣĹĹеȡϵ
ҡҡϹҵȵȣĹ֤һʮλȫգתʱ䳤ȥ̫ɱɣͷ­ѹ켫
񻺻˵ǻ֮УĹ۾Ȼ棬һͬԵУǴȥ磬𾪡
̫һսңÿһ۶ˣص󣬸ۿʼִԼļ壬Ϊ˾ǴвϢһ淢Ļ£Ĺҵĵӱǰͳ겻ѡ
ÿһĻ壬Ļ棬ǿɾġ̾
ǵȻĹҲᴫôãǶʼĴۻġ
ýӻ磬֪СӵƢһάҲʵղ˵Ԫʼߣѵ̫ΨһԪʼ𣿡
ȻԪʼǽɵĴڣʵۻҪǿ̫Ŵ˵ͥʮֻۣһսˣҲûκδУԻһʱĵͥҲ̫ŵĽʧ̾Ϣ
Ŀģ˵ĹԶ̡

߰ɣҲȥǺɫǷѹɵ켫Ÿɵľ۾˵
ˢ
׼ںڰĿռмٵĴƬͣھ·ɫľţľ˿ʲô
˵ϺǰĻ﾿Ϊ£õȳӡĹͷ­ĿһͻȻʵ
һȫŵȫĺͿֻš
ײ²Ĳ٣ôһֿܶʼԴǡ޴ı仯
Թɵʵȫ棬ٴΪū
粻ԭ򣬶ϺһҪ켫еԵɵ˷ѽˡ
ΪʲôϺһҵ֪ܣͷβΪ˹ͷ­켫ģھĹֻһӶѵġ
徿Ϊζ֪Ҳܶ࣬ĿĿ϶򵥡
Ƚȥɣ²ⲻʲôģҪСģ˿Ĳءײų׼磬ްſļϣɫڡ
ɫڷ·ԳһƬռ䣬׼֮΢΢һ
Ǻ֮ƵģܾĵûһȴżѪζ
һ̬ʬƯУʼԴʿģҲģгɣͨϺɫƤǶǼģЩʬ嶼żͲ
ҿֹˣȻҹĸҲˣЩʬǰҹġָЩϺɫʬ˵
ˣδأǿ۾ܼ⣬ָżԶĵط˵
׼羲ɹȥ˲ſһ޴ƮУǴ󶼳׶ʬкܶ࣬ϴԶƮ
Ǿ壿񾪵
ţǾ壬崫ûʧǶˣĶжôҪ˵
˵䣬׼糯Ÿߵշȥһ·ʬʤ׸еοǲûп𽣶ЩʥߵʬҲ˵ǻѾɱĵط
ݣ
ûʱ䣬֪˶ãͻȻһܼļʸԶٶȼĿ죬һſµĺڰ
ģǰҹ飬갵ҹ嵱ѪʳαӼȻǣȫȥɡ֣мʸɨ䣬˻һɫĹӰʧĳһٷȥ
ų׼磬ȥ񡣡ͬһӳ׼ʧˣǰȥȭ
Զ
һƬڰУһɫĻƯţǻǧɣһƶıƵġ
ҹֹվڻϣϾ֣Ȼսʵһ㣬Ǽƿ£ļһ룬ʥնɱ
ȥɣ
ʩչأһֻųźɫĻݺݲȥ

ɫڣϵ


605 ɵľѪ
衣ƲƵĲȥɽըһܡ
ݣ
ֳļʸӺɫƵڼĽϣʱѵ죬ɲסΡ
΢࣬Ҷҵȳ֣֪ǺɫڷɳһӰЩɫƤɫĳ磬ɢһڰϢ顣
ĳ裬ֻ
䣡
ҲɱˣХֱӻӶųĻһ޴Ľȥ
ӵÿ죬ûǴУձѵǡУڷ٣ɫĹâǣһη
ߣ
ǺɫڣаҹǿߣһֻɫĴ̽һɽץˡ
С꣬ʳˡ¶ЦݣҲ֪ԷһλʥߣӲƴ
ݣ
޻ڹ׼ʧгһͷðҹе嵽Ĺޣǹһɫڡ
ޣҪ
ںɫڵʥŭХһǧɣһŴ󹭣գ۾ټ
ܼ׺ͼֵܵסҲˣʥȫһͬСɡ
޶Եǿп޵ģеļ븹ʲôоûУһھͰʥȥ
С꣬ȲҪʳһá״
޵ͷ޴ڱڵĿռ߮ţǿԲ֪ܷЩǸӦϺſܺշڣԼǾ԰ȫġ
κһӰ޿зɳ׺ͼϳ֣ŶԷûзӦͷסĴѨ
Ψֲգһʹ̴еľλҹǿ߷ĽɫѪҺţ֪ʲôط
ޣػ켫ްС̬ѵѵǻͷˣ
ҹǿ׼ϵС꣬ʱ¶˼֮ɫ
ˣҲ̫ԾˣôȱסԼɣߣһȱİҹʥߣʼԴ൱ֵǮˡЦûһ˿øС
갵ҹ嵱Ѫʳϰ֪ɱ˶ˣһб壬ЩѪ岻ȴ
ʼԴǵʿЩѾϾǧصõʥǵˣҹʥˣµʥ߷һͨˡ
ϻﵱ켫ǰҹһΪʲô׹һʵ
ѵװͿǹɵͷ­ǵĿĶһģǹʧ˲õɴѡ
׺ͼһֱۣ˿ǲ˽⵽࣬ԭΪ˹ͷ­
ʲô֪ȻҲҵϰСʿǱǰҹǿһ˲׹ͳ
ģ𣿡
˹ȥ
Ȼ켫ѹͷ­ĵطΪھܵıڣ
ı磿
ǰҹǿЦһλǿ߶ѣǾıڻޣշİɣĺ֣ǵΪô΢ô޳ģ
ˢ
΢Цָ֣罣еλʥһ첲ЦеǰҹһôϲֵƢã㲻ҪȤ
ɫѪҺʵ棬һɫСϪʥŭˣֱ
ƵʿȻôͻȻֵޣһˡ
Ƕ´ˣԭΪλı磬ԭ˵Ƿӡͷ­ĵطѵѵǾ켫ҪͨɵľѪɣ
ͻȻһ󵨵뷨У
ߣСӾ˾ͳ˯ھǧصڣʱҹͳ˯ڹͷ­Ϸһͷ­˲ǧЩѪգһ˲֤벽ۡ
ҹǿߵ
˻
׺ͼͬʱһ
ĽȻӣⰵҹʥûбҪƭǣֱʱࡣ
޼֮ǷҲǵҩһɵľѪ
ɵľѪļֵ󣬿ȵһ㡣
ֲϺſܡҹһ塢ظ֡嶼ˣܲµóֹЩ϶ڰеǿҲˣҪɵľѪ


606 µĲ
㻹֪ʲôбʵ൱ȻԷһʥߣΣȻ䵽УЩҲҲѾʥˣһλҲ޷
ֻ֪˺ܶǿߣûʲôƣǹɵľѪδرõҹǿߡ
ߣǻĹһδ֣Ĺҳ˭ƥУѹһеСȵ
嶦ʢҲ޵Уֻ֪ŽǰʮԶԶؼһʹǿߣʹûʲôԽġʥ߲мЦ
ͻȻڣСꡣ
𡣡
޵ͺ
ˡĮ˵
ǲѾ֪ȫ˵ˣҲʰҹǿ߻û˵꣬ͱ븹С
Сӣս޵̫ˣҺǹᶨΪǰˡһλͨʥ߾ôɣҲľССѾڽָ֮ǰʱҪǿ̫ˡ
΢Цұ㶮СϻСȥʱҪսˡ
ˣһֻսҲûУȻͷҿĽʺް˵Цŷɻس׼硣
ŷϴӭȥʵʦ壬Ǹղ˵ĻǶˣҪô죿
׾Цˣһָ˵ȻǹɾѪҲҪһء
૵ǻҪȥģЩҲʥߣˡ
Ŀ˸΢ЦС꣬һʥûа취ǿ߿϶Ͼ˼ǣȫӦǡ
ǺãһˣܾϼءЦ
˵ų׼糯Ϸȥ켫濴ȥֻɸߣʵռ޴һƬ
׼ɳƵģ켫Ե΢ԽɣҲԽоһɾ޴ѹ
ѹڤڤգ·ֹȥ̽ɵһ㣬̵ѾƣȻǸǿ߹Ƶġ
ǿʲôۼ⣬ָԶȻȵ
Ŀʱһݣ˲ѰۿȥڼԶ֮⣬ֻܿһİ׵㣬ȴܿ÷ǳ
һͷ޴İɫɳͺʥϢıվһȺˣ𷢰£󶼳һԽ׵
ʹ壡
ɫһ
ɫ䣬Ǵ˵еʹȻҲˣص֮һΪɵ塣
˵ʹ˵Ѫǰ廹Ҫºǿ
˵ʹйϵôȻ뵽һԣ˵
һ૵˵屾ʹģֻǻûģ
Ŀ磬ɫˮųܣʹ嶼д˵ĺʹҲûʲô֣ҡԹҲû֪ǷΪս塣
ȫȻ
ֽе˵ĺеֲСһ߸ϵģԭʹ塣
Ҳ˵ãֻ˵һԣ˽̫ˣҲòⷽ롣
˵ʱѾԶȥˣʹĸƺûзǣҲǷûᣬڸ߰ʹԣʥߵʿҲȷҪᡣ
һȺ˼ǰʹĳһҺûгʲôˣƬռûʱĸԼ˽ʮңǾȻһͨͭš
Żϣ֪ͨδȫǺɫϣ˼θ򲻴
ӦþΨһͨͨѹͷ­ľǧصˡŹϵͭţж
һ޴ͭŶܷôŹֵ飬ο켫ڵĴš
ģǸǻǻ㲻߰ɡλݳ׼磬׸𾯽䡣
Ǹ̤ϴŲãͻȻоһƴĲһҾ޴ޱȵսԼٶȷ
ȫ裬ĵĽǳóԷһ
ԩ·խû뵽ֵطҲ磬ǺþòսͻȻһŮӵһӰǰ
׵ɫʱ䡣
һӰվǰһλĵŮˣ֣Ĺɡ
Ф浣
䣬һһٵ˵
ӰȻФ浣һͬʼԴǵĶŮˣ걻һλܾߣʹûɱ
ʱô꣬ˡ
𾪵ǶԷȻǰ벽Ԫֻһܴﵽʥ磬ϱضʲôıʡ
ֵܵܺþòû뵽ϵý㣬ҲءФЦȻֻǷɱ⣬ضס


607 
Ф浻ƮƮЦЦдɱⶢףվһȺѪʿȫǰ벽Ԫ磬ɢŨҵѪζȻսǿߡ
ǺþòˣЩúܲǲͶĳλܣΪԷСˣ
󵨣
Ҷ񣡡
С
Ф浻δ˵һȺʿȵм˸ɫ䣬Ŀдĺ⡣
ǺǣֻǿһЦλֱ̫⡣׺ȻһЦգ۶Ф˵ǰʺãǰܿ㣬Ҳĸ֡
Фɫ΢䣬һ˫۱˵㵹֪ͦ࣬Ȼ֪ҷš
ǰ龳ܣҾϢٱҲ֪ЦЦͼһۣжнҵĸо
ʹӢФ֮˭½ͳˡ
Ҫ֣ǱȻǶ֡
Ǳв龳ܣ񴴽˲칬ռ¹ҵһС磬ڱҲһ
ӸղФУײѲµФѾ޸вԣΪ칬󣬵λ硣
ȻǣҲֽ֪׶޷˽ԼȻһλʥߣʵû龳ΪС
ҡҡɽһǿ߶վͷȷŹФ浰ɡ
ģǱвҲ֪ŮʲôһƷλûСĴ
ЦЦгģĵһ⣬ڻԼ˵
ֵܵܳˣǣҲΪ˰Фһ¶Цݡ
״Ц˴˱˴˰ɣ֮αؿһ죬ˡ
Ŷ
ФЦ˵ֵҪôȻ㣬ȥô
ǺǡתһƵӿ֣ФЦѵ㻹ǿҲɣ
Ф浽Цѵûʵô
ԣߡĮĻӦüų׼ȥ
Фɫһٱ䣬Ŀɱ⣬ֵסˣ׵ȥ
Ϊβҵȳ֣ŽȻ󣬵ҵһ֣ɡʵ
Ф۾̾ôɱģһмһԻмǿ߰бڴͶ˭ҲҶ֣һ֣Ҳجˡ
ˣѾ˭Ҷҵȳ֡
ʮλʥȫѹͷ­ϣ龳޵УŭҲãеʱɱסФ¶һ˿Цݡ

ģԩ·խǱвô֪켫ģطǼҲֵ
΢΢һЦ˵ǱвԹ֪˯˶ã֪Ҳ֮Уֻû뵽ФҵɽҽҪɱɾˡ
ɱ˼ʲôʲôʱɣȻ龳ʿҲҪЦʺѴɣδֵܰ㱨𡣡

һ߿
˼ռҹһ·ల£ֹʮպͻȻǰȻʣһɽɣ˴Զÿһɽ϶ǿϢȫʥߡ
һ޴ɽɣγһԲΣһɽشȴһͭӣɢĹâޱȣ·ѹʲôƵġ
ݣ
һӰһɽڷֵǼСˣ졣
ǺǣǰЦЦһƣ䳾
ϻˣ䳾Ȼһֻ̧׼磬һ󼲷ʧ
ɽϣһ˫˫ǿĿⶢų׼ԶȥıӰмĿϴת
ս壬ǿ߻ǵһμ
ɵķ嶥ܿȻһĳŹ˿̰Ϣ
ӳ׼׾Ϳշˣ𽣶ʥǶŷϴһ
շ缸λʥ߿ףȻ̾뿪˵ʲôױЦ˵Ѿʦ֡
ʲô
棿
շ硢һŶ¶ϲ֮ɫ
šЦЦųһĻţϵڤѰѹţüĴʼһźض
ûͺãûͺðշݺᣬ쳤̾
Ҳ̾Ļȱ˵ǰʶ㣬֪ڤ𣿡
ȱϸƣβųҲظˣܻŵʵҡ
׵˶ͷһ·Ƽβ䣬ߵĺܲס


608 Ƽʻ
ڤ˺ܶ࣬ʲô취ѹƵģȱʵ
Żش𣺡СѰѹڤ
ȱȻͷѰƥ֮һȷѹƺڰڤ
æʵǰ֪ôܳڤ
ȱЦҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪Ҵ֪취ֻ뼸λϴܽͭڣһʱ᲻
֮ͭڣ
Ǽ˲ؿȺľ޴ͭͭȥ󣬵ڲǬ
弸λǰԼļλܶѾͭڹؼʱƵƣʱһǽɵͷ­飬Ǿûκλˡշ˵
񾪺һǵҲ̫˰ɣӡƵǹɸô죿˭ƥУ
ȱ΢Ц赣ģǹͷ­ѾʹƿӡҲסҴǼֵģֻǲ֪ȡöٹɵľѪ
׳˾ٷպܴ󡣡
󣬹ɵľѪܹ֤ǧΪͻ龳ﵽߵĲΡȱҡͷһЦ
׵ͷ˵һ·ʵ̫ˣȥϢһ
ȥɣܴʵףȥϢɣţҲ˵͵ϮշЦ
׻ܣһɽ崣мʮ塢Ҳǿߣصʹ塣
Žһս
䣡
ͻȻһɽڴһһΰӰɳͭԱߣ˫žİ
üһֻۣȫƤֵĻɫһ൱Ըˣ࣬ǿϢǵأʮǿ
۶һ˵
ͭԱߵҲڶʢĴ壬ʵɲ⣬洫ռ൱һƬǴഫӺܹϵʱһֱе졣
սڣսֶΣռȻˣѵһս𣿡
˴ȣüĵ˸ĪĹɫĮֻ޾ǿ
׿Ц˯һҲ¿
շֵȥǲӦսǣҳɣ
ЦЦ˵廹ãԼսΪܲӦսñ忴𡣡
շƬ̣ҲЦҡͷ
һսǴ򲻿ɡ
ⲻϵҲϵΪͲܱܿһս
ģȥĻƢˣҲһֻ۵СƨûУҲűѧܡ

ֻӺüɽϴǿ߶ʱŭɫ䣺ֻÿ֮ҿŽҲˣһսûС
񻹴׻ֹһʧգۼͭԱߣǿ߱˴ԡ
ҾŽ塣׿ܵս𣿡
ˢ
ݣ
ɲǼ䣬Ŀ⿴
循ս֣ǿ߷׷עĿȻ׵û쳹ǿգŽ⼸ֳģݲκһ
Ҫ֪ɵŽ꣬ܽа۵Ĵڣ˾
ЩҲ֪겻ŽˣʱŽ䣬ѵǴ
ս㣿
ǿߣĿɭȻҲսסҵ֣ҽдϴձ·Щ̫ߵˣҲһЩˡ
ߣǿӦԣһɽɫѪҡǧɣȵϢ˱ɫ
Ž壬ȻԵ˼㡣
λѺαش󶯸ɸ꣬ҵδɾѪαΪ֣֮
һɽڣȻһһƮƮ糾ӡ
һλŮʤѩüĿ续岢޲ͬ¶һرʡ
ǴϴŮ΢Ц˵ԭƹһþòˡ
ڵ֡ŮЦŵͷӨȻйӻˣЦСöһУ֮¾ʹΣ
⡭
ϴЩԥ
Ͼ׷սģ˿ӦսδⱻƲȻĽλ˵ŮԼ
λЦЦĿһ˿ܵľ;ȡ
ɣҲһλΪδﵽʥһָоԼƥС
ŮЦȻ׵֣ԲɽҲʦΪǹɵľѪ
жʱһݡ
ɽҲм֮һϵǿκһһĹңҲ塣
ȫóŮ࣬塣


609 Ⱥҫ
ԭǲɽӡЦʩһ
ŮæҲЦּˣʲôӣ־ͳƺҵ֣Сý
΢΢һЦӡ
ЦЦ˫ԣ˲ֱӣ续еŮƵġ
ִֵչҲѾˣҾͶλΣڵһսҲԼЦ
ϴԵͷ˵Ȼƹô˵ԵҲգսմ紳ϦҲʾҵֶΣǾһսɡ
׵ȻһЦǽջ죬㻹Ҫܡ
ϴĿ΢һǿŭƺкøУԸӡ
壬ˡϴЦŻһЦǰƹﻹͣռȻˣ֪ȱ𣿡
˶˵˺ɫȻ٣ƹһͱˡ
䣡
һӰͻɽһഫݶ߾ͳһ޳Ӱ
ͬҲһλ𣬴ɫۣ˫缫Ըǿƣͷϳֻɫǣ˲֪˭
ô˵ػǾۼ̫ˣ̫콾ˡа
ͬҲмӴռһŷǳ޴ڼû½أ޾ĺɫĴ󺣱гΪ
𣿡ϴ˫ĿһƬ⣬ȵ
ƾ㣿
мЦ漴ͷףʩһ񣺡֡
׼æ񣬲д󣺡ֿˡ
νʱһЦһڴսˣýһġ
ŽһཻĪ棬дŽһλ֣һλаİɱʱĹ֮ǰ飬ȻѾȥ꣬
һһϵܺã˱˴˳ƺҲ֮С
״ʱ̾
ʼԴʱԼǾ콾ͬǿмǿΪʥ֮µһˡ
Ƿȴˣǰȫʥʵǿÿһ˶Լ
ų֮⣬ضиǿ߷绪ҫ۵ĹԳ
תݸһЦѵýλΣ
ЦȥСЪһǵĸ
ϴʾҲЦƹԵ㣬Ҳ˼ƿһȥ
ЦԴϴ൱м
ϴĿɱҲԸǰʧȥ˷ȣһֱš
ٺ٣ȻǺȾƣңǰһӰһЦس֡
λǣһ˿ͬǵ콾ǲС
ҳң񡣡
ԭǼ֡æʩ񣬼񲻸ҵȻֶЦһͷ
ңǺôƣ
һһλɫ磬Ϣǿ̫ǿӰ
ĺǸߴнף̷ƣ룬ԼβͣѪЦݶż
ģһΪ˭ڳԣԭʲôС׳գӦǿأô껹ûأüͷһ

ǿߴŭϵϢʱü£һɢȥ׺ܲ졣
Ҳ΢΢һüͷЦƵĺӣֺαش˴ҵˡ
ǿ߽аۺԶʱΪʼԴǣΪĹʮ֮һʵɲ⡣
ǡһеȼ͸ıˣʼ֤ۣꡣ
ЩԶ岻ҷ岻ʶô棬ʼһλۣλ׼ۣһսʧɫ˶ʶߵܡ
뼧Ȼ𣬶ۺ죬Ͱۺ໥ӣЦ
΢΢һЦʲôʱҪɵǿߣض֣ΪҲһԱ
ǺǣĲٰɣ
ɹ£ؼ䴫һ֣׺ͼĿⶼ΢΢һУȻҲˡ
֣
һȺ˹ּ
ԸҲдæһЦȥʺƣ֪ʸ𣿡
˵Цˣ롣һЦ
롣Ц
һȺ˷еһɽ壬˫ĿⶢǵӰοмʡҲĮ
һɽϣһѤĲʺա
ʺ糤ǧɣɫɢɫâͬɢһɻɬĲⲢһĲʺ磬һʥ


610 컯ɾ
ɢɫâĲʺϣŽأ̲뵵ƣڿг۳ңö
һͤڣ콾ۡ
ϴ˼ƿ𣬵׵˲ûкȣǺŴʼԴǴҾơ
׺ͼʮλ˺кøС
֣ʼԴǺأǰ½֮ұпɺãЦʵ
΢ЦսˣǰʼԴǡ
Ц
ߣʼԴǱΪϵҿҲûʲô˲ģǾǹܳ콾ǵһܿЦ顣ϴЦ콾
ۺЦһȺӶѡ
ţȺӴ겻̤ʼԴǣضǼһ֮أżɱһɱֵĴҰǡ
ۺɫһֲϢı鶢ż񣬺δһŰݷüҵġ
ɹǵ۶Уƾ㣿Сǣ̫ˣ̲ס֣ϵǧĵС
һЦλֱôˣʵԼλˣһ֡
˶¾Ʊû¶֮ɫ
Բ޹Сۣ˷콾ۣҲ֪λɽʲô¡
Ŷʲôµ˵޷ϴ΢΢һЦ档
ģװǻơ
ЦһͷۣЩûһǺദģ̸治ЩѱļһһϺȾơ
ƹҲһʶһϰɣҽһеˡϴ൱ǿƣЦŷ
񻹴ȥȿˣλ֣ŭС˵Σ
ƹ롣ϴæ˵
°ƱЦһλֿ˵컯ɾ
ʲô
һȺ콾ʱסˣĪ
Ӷ΢΢һ俴ı飬Ҳܲµó¶֮ɫ
һȺ˵ɫأǰۺ¶֮ɫ˫Ŀ
ƹ컯ɾҶôطˣЦʵ
״˿ȴһͷˮаȺӼʶǱԼǿЩܴӹϵĵ伮֪Щܵϣ³Щйϵ֮⣬Ȼ¶ȥ
ǿе컯ɾʹû˵
ι컯ɾʲôطܸ߶˴ӣЩҵܰɣ״Լʵ
̾컯ɾ֪˲࣬Ҳǰ벽ĹҲ֪طǴһؾ̫ųɽƺ˴󣬴ɽ罵һ½㻯컯ɾ
õ컯޾ɲأҲɾķصĵط֮һ
ֻ컯ɾ̫أӻĹ֮ͳʧҲûκѵⲻɽ˷컯ɾ

콾ϵľ֮ɫһЦλѣǲɽȷҵ컯ɾ
棿
ӴԿģ
ʲô
ÿһλս콾˿Ҳˣһȿֺʵ
⵱ȻģλҲӦ֪컯ɾĹأʥ֮޷룬ʥܽȥСþλһͬǰ컯ɾ̽գѰһԵ΢Ц
һȺ˵Ŀʱ
ƹ컯ɾɽһ½ڲɲأɽΪҪͻȻʵ
ΪƾǲɽʵӦ컯ɾڵԭʼޣıô࣬Ƕ̲ġһЦ
Ȼ컯ɾԵҪһ֪жܹ룿ʵ
Цҡͷ˵ǲɽһλ컯ɾˣٶΨЩ˯ѣʱǶ֮ء
š
˵ͷ˼
˵龡۵ףЦλÿ˿ɵǧǿΣ
ƽ
šҲͷ
ϴͰۺɫĿⲻƵضˣ˵²ס
кβףЦʵ
Ϊֵܷ˫˶壬һǧ˵ⲻƽ
ŭƽãҺ׶ƹĿˣÿ˻ǧΣ
ɱǣһûˣۺһЦĿ˾㤡
֮ԱǣԣСǡ
΢üǸض׺ͼһЦλΪ˸ĹƽҲֵֻܷǧҸѿ
װü˵ЦЦû⡣


611 
ʱһȺ콾ֱ뿪ֱʱϴף׼ùײ
ֻһЦƽ˵֮彫һλԴˡ
ۺͬضԼһЦ׼ﶯ֣컯ɾپ
ֻ˼䡣
ݣ
һȺ뿪ʺֻʣһˡ
¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣ૵컯ɾͷ·һͷޣÿһο֮Ҫ˵룬ˣǲɽôɲصó

ʲô컯ɾɽҵطģ컯ϧѾʥˡ˻ȥ֮˵࣬˴󾪣䳾쳤̾
ȱĿ˸ȷ컯СѣҪʮλ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ǰˣȻԡ
ȱЦЦˣ̾λСѼ黫ƹǧȥ컯ɾ»صʼԴǺ׬һˡ
治ĲɫǰĶ⣬ҵִֵ۶ˡ
𣿡
Ȼǡ˰֣׷׵ǰĪҪ˵ǵףǰء
ģҪģûôҪġ䳾ֵСһﻹףһһթףﶼǻˮ翴͸ˡ
ǰʮһ°ɣ΢΢һЦ
䳾ͶðɣҸղʲôû˵
һȺ˴Ц
׺ͼЦΪãǧǿЩĹǵġ
컯ɾѵһĴ컯
ˣ
ͻȻͭһѹ֣·һٿȻһƵġ
ˢ
˵Ŀʱӡͷ­ͭ
ԭɫͭƺѪȾһ㣬Ѫ죬һɿµϯһɽֽƵģ׷顣

ˣ
䣡
һʥĳסһµϢ
ȱųݶңһȺʥ߹ͬ߶ǾųݶҴһâס
䣡
һӰͭڵȫǿ󣬵ȴǱһɢųм˸ˡ
ˢ
Ϻһܳߣȱæĵʵ磬û°ɣ
һܻôأ˿ףЦ޷˵һ˿Դѣһʱ䵱޴󰭡
䳾æʵ磬ǹɵͷ­ôǵõɵľѪ𣿡
ûһҡͷǹϵĽʵѾƿסǵһˡ
λߣʧ
һߵʬһҪͨɾѪۣߵʬ˯꣬Ǿˡһ̾
ʬѵǰΪ˾졣
Ǿʵǿ֮ǰѾﵽɾҵȾ˳ɲУߵʬֱӴˡһ̾Ϣ
ǸΣȱΪĵʵ
Ǿ˵ϣľ˴󲿷ָǹϵĽƣͬɵͷ­Ǿߵʬһͬӡˣǹܷӡ꣬û˶ԸǾߵʬͻᷢʡ
䳾ȻǧӴˮһգ
һҡͷָһɽϵӰ˵һɣҲǼʶһ콾ʵҲɣЩҲӦõõٺö
еѽǰˣʲôûеõ
һ΢Цǧ֮ϲ𣿡
ǰҲʲô֪
һЦЦ̾ûȥˣЩҲ׼ȥ컯ɾˡ
ǰҵʦֱڤˣҽظеĸҲ˰ɣϣǰҪҩ˵
⵹ѣ
һӰһʧ˲ֻжһƿҩЦڤĵҩǵظڤ͸ҵġ
ЦЦʵǰȻѹ㲩ظǿҲǰӡ
䳾һæ׼üŪۣʾҪҴ
һܹЦ֪СҪ˵ʲôģҪҵظ鷳Ҿ֡
׵һЦ
λѣټ
䣡
λ龳ǿֱ˺գȥ׺ͼҲһĳ˴ꡣ
ԭΪܵõɵľѪû뵽ͷβŶԹһ
һֵܰСѲüʱ̣ܶʱʵˡ
ǵǡЦ󱾹Ѿ޵ˡ
һЦЦͻȻһִһͨ޾Ļӿ˿ͨһͨδ
ֱӷ˽ȥ


612 Ƹ
һ嫵С磬һɽƣɽҰݺڿзö
·һƬؾŨܣȺɽߣԣѷɫκ鶴졣
䣡
ռ䱻˺ѣһȺ֣շ˿ǰ鶴춼ипϺſܵ׾Ӫ˶ʵһС綼ô죬Ƚ𽣶Ҫ㼸ʮϰٱ
һȥĹϢǣ뿪
ǰ̫ˣȻѾˣǻȻɰɣҲ˵ġշЦܣһ˵׻ȻҲó
ҶλصĴܣ˶һ˿֮ɫͬļλǰ䣬Ǹһַǳصĸоɲ⣬ʵ׶ǿ˭Ҳ֪
Ϊǰ벽飬ʵڴˣǰλ龳ǿ治·磬ʵȻ
ҡ
ظǿҲҪӣּ˾򵥣пĳλӹʱѵǿߡ

մҲû䳾СȥǰҲӦϺſܣʮ˵ȥ컯ɾ
ˣ
޼ʵĴϿգշ򿪴̨һȺȥҲǷؽ𽣶졣
ߺ󲻾á
һȵСڣӰţǵӰƮ·Ѿ֣ɢһϢѹ纣ǿĽΪħ
Ⱥ˻ˣǵȥ˿ڣĮȻһ˿ʡ
֪֪ܿǵ̽Ѿ𽣶߲㣬֮ͻᴫϢ
𽣶첻СŽʼһҲҪ취֮ˡ
ʦֶˣǺҲκˣ˵ڵŽ壬ȻΪʥΣڵǰʼնϡ
ҲģҲԸŽǸõĥʯպɸȥɱ
۵̫ˣֱҲԸʥ̾Ϣ
Ǻ£δɽ٣ֱԪ죬ʵȰ벽ʥλ΢ЦǿҵԺ
һȺȥ⴦СҲհһƣʱֱ綼ޡ

ʱ˻ص𽣶졣
¡͵ԳӭӣոմӴ̨߳շͽٿŻ顣
ºɫ΢΢һ䣬֪Ƿ˴£ϵͷͬ⣬ø̫֮ϳǰ𽣷档
֪ȤҲû˵Ҫȥμ飬ǸԼȻؼһˣЩʱٻ
׵ͷͼ뿪ͷؽ𽣷档
𽣷ķ嶥һصС磬ƬСռв֮УʹʥҲҵ
ʱʮλλ̫ϳԼϤ롣
ø֮ȵͷˡ
ֻĲǸ£Ҳһ̫֮ͣһķףһĻ˶ʱ׹Ѿ̫ϳȫϿɣδ̳н𽣶졣
Щ˲Ҳûа취Щģɲһ˶̫һͲͬ⡣
λλǰһҪ̡ɫƽȻǵһ߻飬ӳ
ذ˵һ飬Լһ֮⣬û顣
˻
˵꣬һ
ļ֮⣬˶¶ޱ֮ɫɵľѪ컯ɾÿ¶ʼԴǣûĹҷ
ȷһ컯ɷӡ֮ػĹͻ֪ｫΪս̾Ϣ
΢΢˫ǳĿݻڵʵԲκ¡
šҲͷЦ޳龳˻ˮ˲һСľͻٲ
֮ͷΪȻ
ǿɾѪǽ𽣶ίʵû
ҲЦ鲻żµһǴ󷢺ƵĻᡣ
΢Цǧȷܷһʺƣ·ûκܾ
գһЦҺͼһǧϺſܺһ£һȥһʣµľŰλҾ͵Ŵ۶ˡ
µĿⶼˡ
ȷһޱֻ׬⣬ܺݺһˣëԸһȺΪɸе
͵ϣ˵ǿԺͼ֣üҰһ޴ᣬЩ
ҡͷһЦƽʦֹȻüҳеգںĬĬǮ


613 Ϸ
߻ٿ˼ʱɢ֮ͺ͸£ʱȥ
ʦʦ֣ʲô𣿡Цʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ʦܣӦŸ߲˼Ϊһƽ̣ھ˼
ҲЦδ׶쵼ǶŻӵĻԻͣһʶĹҡ
ʧЦҡͷĿҡ
ʦЩ·ƣ컯ɾһ¿νĹͣպΪƽ̣¶
׳Ƭ̣˵Ȼʦʦֵ˼ԵƴǣʦִﶦʢӦûɣ
ʹЦѾˣΪʥ֮Ҿλ͡
׶ʱ̾
ЦЦһĳλ֮ǰλã۾ͣ𣿡
׶ʱ󾪣λǶ˳֮ģѵλʲôⲻɣ
˳͵һֱЧƽһȻǵƼҸʱҲûгʲô⡣
Ǻҵ̽ӡͽһ䡣
ɫ΢䣬׹ԳҾʱܶ죬ֽ׶ξҲǺ£ֻܵʲô¶ûз
΢Ц˵Ҳ˼ҳܵ飬Ҳźһʱ䣬ʦܽӹ֮ٳͽ
º׶ͷ
һ׾Ƿ̫ɽ
̫һʵۺһɽ˷дʥ̫һסÿһɽͷһλ벽Ԫʿ򣬸аλʥ򣬿νǽڽ𽣷ĵڶ
ص̫ɽ֮׾ٿһλ飬˱չصļ֮⣬ʣȫμӡ
컯ɾ컯ʦһҪȥѩƽµ
ĪԼʦһۣѵСеûأʦû˵أٽлСİ򡣡
ѩƲ޵ı죬ЩӱĪ̵ܽĺϣСħͷںǾ´ʦ֡
ЦЦ˵׼óʮȥԣ컯ɾͬСɣƱΣأԼҪá
ĪһЦʦģҵ֪
ǺãʣһʱǺúϢͲҪȥˣε̷ǻṷǽڴܹǰȫġ
˵ͷ

󣬼ٴ𽣶졣
СӣҸɼλҪȥǼһˣȤ𣿡ֵ
ȻǼ֮ʽ൱㣬𽣶ҪӦ
ϵҲӣ֪ȥˣ
̫ˣ͡ǰ㣬ȥ˰ɡ룬شҲˣǼ̸ƽҲѡ񡣡
ţԺͻƽ档׵ͷ
Ӣ¹شü̫ɽϢԼϷ𽣷˵¡
Ǹӣռӵһȥݷüҡͳ
Ц˵Ҳ컯ɾǴ׬һˡ
΢ЦͷĿЩӵգ̾һǿߣҲûϵһһݷüңʦܰȻŵĸǡ
״Ȥѵʦֻѹɣͨɲ⣬֪һʦҲԡ
͵ЦֻѭĶδ꼧ǣѹһ̧ͷĽãֻǻûмһԵüˡ
ײɸпǧ
Ӣ۹ȻǶһ޶ģ;˲࣬ҲֻмӢԼˡ

ô£
׷̫ɽ󣬾Ϳٴ̧һλѪˣȻ࣬ӳʱ׷ףһΪﵽ죬Ҳ̫һǿߡ
˿һɱŰ˷ȫľƺˣֻʣһ
䣡
׳֣ŰˣȻóһöι

Ƭ̺ɫʱһ˵ΣգȥӪȡ
ʲô
׺ͼɫ䡣
Ϸǰ֮ȥˣһ߾Ǵʱ䣬ԭΪϷΪӦκΣգϻ˵Ķӣ˭ǣ
Ҫ˵׳
೤һѾȶ֮ǰҪͬұȥ˼ΣյĵطΪĺܿ죬ֱ˽ڽ̡


614 ѻ
׵üͷԽԽ֮ǰڶʱⰲȥ£һôϻǰ
ܡ
ʲôϵ˵˵ô¡ЦЦ߶Žڽ֣ɱޡ
æ˵һǰǰһַԶŻѻأڻѻĸоѰƺرĳط
ѰҾͷ˽ڽ̣ΧôסҺ÷־ֻͨϵͨǲſŵڣֱշȼѪһ·Ż
ߣ
ʱŭӿϢתһһٵڽ̣
Ҳģڽ̫ˣҲҳֶԸǲ֪
ȥϢȻðٴȥô꣬кâһȵߣȥȷ
ʦҲȥĪѩƷ׷˵
һɡ׵ͷʮˣһȺ˺ƺƵĳ봫̨ɱѻء
ͺ͸裬ȻҡͷһЦ
ڽߵˣҲ֪Χϻ˵ĶӰɡ΢Ц
ҲЦأϻ龳λСʲô⣬ڽ̾ʹͷˡ
ϣ˶ζЦЦ
λ飬иϣϷڻѻأôϻƱŭʱѪϴڽҲڻ¡
Ȼ˼ǶȻ˵ģ䲻ʶϷ֪׵ֵܡ

һ
˸һƬº͵ĹâһȺ˴Ӵ̨߳ȫɱӯ죬һ䣬ͻ
·һƬ嫵ķ棬Բʮ¶ȼߣϴݲĻưܡ
ǻѻأ˵ѻΪֻǽڽĸΪףǽڷ˵Ļ
ˢ
ѰۣԶӰ´£һۣס˷Բǧɡ
ߣͱ档׽Ųӡֱӳ˹ȥٶҲ
ĪѩƵһȺ˲ų׼磬ҲХƵķɹȥ
￪⣬һأӰϥڿУάŴУһƬ޾׺źɫ쫷磬Űš

䣡
ŭڣɫѪһƬ󣬳־Ǿŵ֣һҵĻȥ
ʲô
ãϮ
ʱ˾ȫһЩشĵӸ͵סһλѪѡ
λ벽Ԫʿ뷴䲻һֻ־ѹ˹ɫĴӡһ׹⣬ը˼ˡ

Ҳɱˣ൱ǿƣͨЩ˸͵ֵס̼ͱɱĸɸɾ
Ϸ㻹𣿡Ŵ񳶿ɤŴе
ģϻʲôȾҳȥڣϷ֮
ûǾͺáЦһһףʾˡ
ƿ׽½ɫӳȥɾҵŦȻһ𣬽ɫ绯һֱۡ
䣡
һͨȼŻӰǧɣһ˴˳
Ϸջطأָģɫ԰ֽԵü
ⶼҪģ˴ĿĵؿܴأƺǱҰ޺ݺ˺ҧһ㡣
ģˣٲҾͰסˣ˱ȥҸˡϷһͷأȥ
׷ϳ׼磬һûʲô£˶ѣһöҩɡ
һö豻Ϸ븹У׻־Ǿڣʱؿڵ˺䡣
ݣ
˿ڴһɳȵϢһֻڷ˳ЯſµϢֱײ˹

״ȣѪֱӽӰޣһ˿ɱǽ𻢳ˣƾЩסϷ
ġ
΢΢۾ǻѻ¶һĨŹֵЦݣټˡ
ɵɱ纣ЦʲôƨĶԼӲŲȥܡ
̾ôɱģǽڽδϣָжٱء
û漰ʱҲͰסˡϷ־Ҫƣȸһھƻ
Ϸ˼ھƣĿٿȻâǽСӣҷ
Сӣ
ȻϷ˽ڽǿʥӣ𻢡


615 ս
Ϸ룬еһǵȷ˽ڽ̵ʥӡ
֮ǰͱΣûп𻢳ֻ֣ǵΪһסˣϷ֮Ӳ̫֮ǽ𻢵ĳ䡣
Ϸֶͬ˵ãӲǵס˽𻢵ľɱҹѻصĵһסԼһ
ƺҪҪȥѻأôϷǴһȺ˼ˡ
ģȻǽ𻢣Сӵȷгһʵ٣Сӣǽ𻢵Ķ𣿡
ֲһУ˵ľ֣ڽѹԼٽ٣ʵʵʥ޶ʥתȰ벽ԪҪǿ̫ˡϷʵ˵
΢΢һЦҲһҲѹԼôͶɽ٣һλС
ʶϷʵ
ϻСӵжԼڻʮ͵ˣʮǻṫƽһսһս񷭸ۡ
Ϸ˴뵽ǽСӵĿ£૵ģǺñ̬Ҷȥˡ
ˣ籣㡣§ϷļһЦݡ

ϷˣҹǽС˭Ҷҳ־һҪۣСڻڻѻɱȥ
Цŵͷ˫˸žâҲһʱĽ𻢣Ѿɳʲôزˡ
һȺų׼Хسѻ
Сӣ˵֪ѻвѰ֮׷ʲôʵ
Ϸɫʱɲҷһɼ䲻Ѱûв´ӦǵѻʼԴǵһöûз񵰡
񵰣
ʯĪѩҲʯˡ
壬ѵͽ𻢾һ񵰣Ҳǡеĵ۰ѩƱһ仰
ҿСǷ򰡡ϷۣߵǻѻСһλСӣ껹ûг˵ʼԴˣû뵽ȻģҪѱһͷѻҵд档
׵ɫ䣬ѾµҪʲôˡ
𻢶ɽڼһɽٳɹ֮ͻͷѻ⻯Ϊһа塣
һͷѻΪ绢Ϊʥǻм֣
ģò⻯ɣҲһ뵽ؼ
ЦЦӦǵġ
Ϸһ䣺Сǰ׳գѻҪģԺпܽɽڣ⻯ֱ
һЦ˵߰ɣö񵰡
ߣȥѩƽš
һѩͷϣǵС۴Уҿ˵ʲôˣô򣿡
˵̫ˣʦܽ㡣ЦѵпаֲϰҲϲҡ
ѩᣬȻǻСħͷȻǻħͷֲҲ򲻹Ǹ

׼ٶȼ죬һ·ֻԫбڣưܵĹЩţû绯ȥ
ߺˣڽ£˱ˣڽ̵ӴӰסǵȥ·
ȥ
ĪѩƳ֣̫һҲڽ̵Ӷʱ򱬡
׼ַ˰ԶԶؾͿһȺ˷ڰУȫǿȫһ
ףǾȻûеõ񵰣Ϊ档
ЦŽ͵һ·ϻأѾȥˣߵﲻףǼ񵽱ˡ
䣡
أ
ڽ̵ǿҲһҾ޴սٶȫϢʱֹͣǴƣתͷ
ЩǰһλɫĮļߴ꣬һͷɫĳޱȣһƵ֮䣬һɻɬµϢתţ·񷡣
˫棬ⲢʵĻ棬ĳֿµͨ˫ƺ޾ܡ
Ա˫֣޾ѹɢԿµ֮һ
ףּˡ𻢿ڣƵ˫ֿδĶ֣Ŀһ˿֮ɫ
ƵˣѾɳΪ
ʮ֮ԼԼģ֮أҲûܷսʤŽ塣
ǵģּˣȻѹԼûнʥЦЦһ
𻢵ȻһЦʵʲôʮ֮Լûѵھ𣿡
ƾ㣬𣿡ЦһʣǸͲҪ׻ûϷѾǺܿˡ


616 һν
ưܵأһһӹѵĵϴڳһϢѹ׺ͽңңԣеĻҩζԽŨ
ССҲʦ棬ǻòͷˡһλǿЦƵؿס
Īѩƴŭ׷׺ȵģʲôҲҶʦСıǴ趼ϵ㡣
ǿҲǰ벽ԪΪǽڽ̵һλʥӣƽֻ𾴽𻢣Ѱ콾ͲУԶʱӿһƬɱƨŽ壬ҿҲõȵʮ֮ˣҾʦ˽㡣
䣡
ԣһȻ֣һɳȵϢ˫ִһӰ
У޴ӰڱأԷվ죬¶ԸЦݣҪֱѹס
Ǻǣ
ֻЦЦһָһˢǽ˺ѳƬŽâХһƬȥ
ۣ
ǿ׻󵹷ɰɣһѪϵ嶼ˡ
һаܰ벽ԪڽȫȻ翴ƵĶף¶֮ɫ
⡭ôܣѣôôǿѵĿʦƥ˲ɣнڽ̵Ӿ¶֮ɫ
𻢵˫΢΢һ˿仯ĮؿףڵССһֻϳɳˣҵСˣΪΪ𣿡
Ц˵˵ôˣ㻹ûΪʥֵѾɱʥߣҪȻУһ֮ڽҡ
ЦЦ˵ЦˣôҵĶ֣ҵ۹Ͳˡ
ߣ
ϷŽ𻢣ëСӣ͵Ϯң˲꣬Ҫֻ
𻢶Ϸ¶һ˿ɻĮʵ㵽˭ѵǻѻɣ̲ôµĻϵǽڽ̶ԻоĻҪ͸
ڽ̣
ѩƹЦǽڽƨҲǰŪǻɽһĵӣһλϴܵӣǵӵͦ󰡣Ȼ֮ҲҳֶԸ治±𣿡
ʲô
ʲôǻɽһĵӣͣ
ãǾȻ˽⡭Ǻá
ڽ̼ʮɫˣмɫ԰ףŵû
˽֪ɽһκλĹңǱȻĹһҪµ̫࣬ΪһҪ˼Ӱ첻׳֣ǽûκι˼ɣǻĹҲҪ֡
ǻɽһˣ𻢵ҲüΪأʵ
ˣҴѹ㣬ڵȷĶ֣պҪûбɱһȡϷֵ
޹ѹһ£λɽСһŭûϳѾǺܿˡ
ԭǽ֮ӣǰĳеֵ֪ˡɫ˱䣬ջǱȭڽֽ׶Ҳﲻɽһ
ż龳ܡ

𻢣ҽһսǵȵԼգսͿ뿪ˣѻöòߡ΢΢һЦ
ҲһЦ̾ףΪҵĽҳ֣Ǹӣͷѻڱصã뿪̣Ҫ󡣡
ˡЦЦܺãҵ뿴һ㾿ɳʲôزˡ
Լ
ЦҡͷָżϷȻһϰɣҸʱ䡣
ҿ
ģ
Ϸˣתص׼磬Ӧһ䣺Ը㣬ֵ֣Լԡ
䣡
𻢵Ƣԭͺܱ꣬¶֮ɫŭЦԼԹҡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
ЦЦһɽɫѪǷɳҡǧɣһ֣ɲǼ˵ƾͱˣһ绢޵Ϣܡ
ڽ˱ɫŽʵлҪ࣬ʱЩ˲Ŷ׹
Щ˼ɵ˵ʵ̫ǿˣ𻢲硣
ߣ
ߣ˫ƶ˺ɫһƾ
䣡
Щһӿ𻢵ȷֲ˼㣬һ˿˿ʥתʥ
һƻ𺣴ⲢͨĻ棬ǿޱȵĽܷ
żڲտʼҵŤѿµɫһ䡣
ģһﻹǿ૵
ϷҲߵٸʮ꣬һֻѹ
˵ʱʼմ΢ЦҲˡ


617 µĽ

𣬵žͱɺХĶһһƬճƬѿĿĽҫأɽХĺȥ
뽣ײ޾նڱѣս˶׷׺Ψ꼰Լ
һĪܣĿģ緢޴ĵһ㣬ӰѸٽ֡
׺޵УߵձХһȫ֣ͨýڽľ
ͬµ˼㣬Į˫ּſµʥһֻ֣һȭһȼŻĴǴһ㡣
ֻʮйȥһƬؾȫˣֻǽƻ𣬵ƺҲЩ¶ƺ˵̼ˡ
ȣ
׳Х˿裬˫ƶǧɽѹ𻢡
ЦĽڷɳХһӾһɽĽ⽫մ͸¶һƬƬڶ
˼ҵؽսţȫǲ״̬¶ЦͻȻϵϢֶȻǿʮ
ֻһӡѹضУ޾ĻбȥҪɡ
飡
׻Ӷȭ죬¡¡죬ն÷飬ƵпֲĹ
ӲӲָƶײһѪҺĽ˲ˣȻܴһЩ
𻢵״̬΢Ѿʥʵսһʥߡ
¶Цݣָϴ򱱣һ𺣻һŶǹŶתײ˹ȥ
ۣ
ױ˲ɣα˼ɣȫѪҺһʤ׷һֻֻɽҪɱ
ŵ֣
սȻǽ𻢵Ķ֣ҲƴսһŭХеĴХɳ𻢵ͨײ
ڿнλãÿζԻɽһ㣬ʮؽԲֿµüϷɫ䡣
ףȻǿҲڴˣڲҵĶ֣ʮȻǡЦϵʥԽŨһͷڴɳһľ޴
䣡
׽ֵԿµĽ𻢻ԵЩˣʮͨҲûеסǰĲ

ŭ𣬷˿裬ʼȼľѪ˫ּһ޴ĺ
ȫһܱǧ磬ɫĺһ㣬Խײһ
߶ײ˲䱻ɣҲס˽һ
ͬ˼ɣɫӵʵûϵ׾ȻǿزܵסԼһ
ߣ
Ϸͬʱˣһһһסҡҡ׹ס
ιС㻹𣿡ʵ
ģˡЦЦ͵͵˼裬һХ£Ȼɫ԰׵Ѿ޴ˡ
ͣ½ĲЦ岻ˣ䴵ǰϡ
ģһٶ꣬ײʮʮ꣬ҪǸһʱ䣬ѹǽڽ̡
ɱ
ͻȻĪ𣬲ų׼糯ŽڽЩǿɱȥ̫һǿ߾㶼Цֱɱ˹ȥ
ֵǶס˽𻢡
ûʤģֽ׶βǶ֣ذɣſԡ׻ָһЩ䵭ؿŽ𻢡
ʦ־ңۣ
һߣĪ˴ɱ䣬ȻԷҲвٰ벽Ԫǿߣ̫һǿ߱ҳ׼ԴЩ˸ͲǶ֡
ɫ䣬һһЦû뵽ҾȻǣסˡ
Цû뵽أԿǹɵ㡣
ãһʤˣҲϣԶôʮ֮ҵ塣ҧߵĶ಻ġ
ϾһͿԵõǻѻرƫƫ׵˽ˡ
֮½պûתء
ˣǵ˰ְɡ䵭ؿףʮѣҵȵ𡣡
ЦЦʮ֮Ͻ޽ʥӡ
ЦŽڽһȺߣǰǲĵؿһǴƣܺڵΪʲôҪ͵ϮϷ
Ϸôס
Сӣǽ𻢵սΣѵôǿȻҲСߺ󣬼ͼҴʵ
Ƿس׼磬ЦЦ۾лҪǿܶ࣬һûгȫ
ģûȫôñô졣һ漴һ䡣
Ϸ΢΢һЦʵûгȫôأҾҲԻɣ
׿ЦҡͷǻмͨûʩչЧֽ׶ҵȷǽ𻢵Ķ֣ĻϵİŶһαװһλС


618 ѻ
Ϸ硣
ܱôۣɱһλµĶ֣ҾȻûʩչȫ治֪һʥ߻жô¡
ڽ̴йأڴôһλĴˣδпܽΪĹҡ
ʮ꣬һʮʱ䡣ЦЦǷĺˣһʮ벽ԪʱҲԿʥܣ޲ߡ
𻢻Ѳ֪ղžͲ÷ߣһָɵˡµ
׺ϷһЦ
˵ˣǹԾ֮⣬ҪϢɱ̫ˡ
˭֪ϴʲộڽЩǾԲôһλűɱġ
Ҫȥ֣Ҳֻʮһսˡ

ˣȲȥС㲻Ҫѻ𣿹ҿֻҪƵһؽƣǾܵõˡЦ
ԶһֲĽУ󷨣󷨲̫һӦǻѻеķӡ֮
ѻλδСӷӡʼԴǣʱͻò£ڹĴѻλδСӵĿأΪпܴѻֻԻ͵ߡ
õ޾Ļӡö񵰣һ뼸ʮںһ𣬺ѹƣҺýѾһʱգѾ½˴롣ϸ۲ţβ˵
ŶȣɣûƵƣϸµĻҪС
΢΢һЦҡͷ෴Ǹġ
һ¾վĿֵҳ𣿹Ҫô㾡˵
׿ʼű
üϷһĪ˺ѹסһԼȥһ
Ҫע⣬ʱҲǴʱһҪȫһƻȥ룬һѰһʹֿ̫Σա
˵ͷ
ͷɲκƤѩҲûЦ⣬ֻ֣µĵͷ
ã˾ְɣ
ˢ
һӰӳ׼Ϸ׸ָλá
ͬʱֶԼܴõһЦ̫ˣֱԡ
Ƭ̺һ׼ˡ
˫Ŀ죬ʩչѰϸĦŻве
½ɫ𣬳޾Ļ֮УȻ˲٣ȻߵĺĴ
мٵתţͬʼҪҳۡ
ֻҪҵۣ֮ѣѵþǷ׼ȷʱڽһѹȥ
ҵˡһ󣬱㱻ҵۣڵѰԽľտֻҪرĴһһȥҵ
ˣ׼źݺҽŲȶ档
䣡
һɫĴӽ´ڳȻҡϷɵУƵĳֹڡ
أأأ
ƣ˲飬һ޴Ļӵɳ
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
˼æ֣һٴθ£ֹ޾Ļ
ݣ
ʱһĨɫĹӴɳٶȼҪ˵ء
յһЦǳһ·ɳȥǺɫĹס󶦾ҵĶţѹҪѴ󶦡
һȺ˷ס˵һȻ󶼹һЦΧ˹
Сѻ𣿡Цһö񵰶ѣѵǳ
ϷĿȣֵлλæʣµ齻ҰɣδĻѻСӡ
΢Цʵ߰ɡ
ϷЦЦ˵ҼȻڳˣﻹߡ
ٺЦЦջأǺɫĹߣͱϷһָֻץס
˷ǺɫһöȭͷС񵰣ϷоҵţôҲɲȥ
Ϸ߶ɽһķɢȵϢ˫µĹâöϡ
񵰽ֹͣƬ̺ͰˣǺɫĻҲʧ
ǻѻδС𣿿ӺܺóţЦ
еƺ仰΢΢Ĳһ£ϷûصһۼȻüͻȻѿһӣ񵰸ˡ
㡭㲻ɣ̫ˣҪҲҪָһڰ۴С
΢ЦüѻͷѻͻΪսޡ
ϷЦЦ˵ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬аûѻĽڡ
䣡
׼ȥͻȻմ޴ļ¶һƬѿ޾ʥƵƥ
һֻɫĴƵѹ
벽ʥ
˾


619 صФ
ɫĴɢӿޱȵܣѻƬżһƬƬ飬׻ޡ
ǿµϯ˾ʮأؼ¡¡һֲֿѹȻǰ벽ʥǧֻǻմһƣҲ˼㡣
Ī˱ɫϷ¶ŭݣһ˿֮ɫ֡
ЦЦá
䣡
δ䣬ǳֳסͬʱһֻѩɫĴƴӼǷɳ
Ǵɢҫ۵Ĺâ죬Ǻɫҵײһƺˣѻż׻ޣƬѿһڶ֡
ϣǳȫˣ󶦷·Զһ㣬֣û˵ֺ
ߣ
ңԶһƺȻ͵Ϯ˲ˣɫƶѣɫѪҺ籩Ƶ
ǰɫӰΣֱҪ׷ݱԴҵλ벽ʥ
ĲûȫɢɽֽƵķ飬ֱǧɣԭưܵس׳ΪһƬɳ
૵Сӣ¶ˣô֪ǳ֣ǰ׼ţ
΢΢һЦ˵ǰʱӦһ˿ѰƺڶǿӣԭΪ˲ֻ֣ţû뵽ô󵨡
׼ڴ󶦵»뿪Ƭ棬ڴϽ̸š
ҺñʶڴϰּͨǾͲˡƵĴЦ
Ϸһ֣а취նɱλ벽ʥ
ҿƾʲô񲻷
ϷʶһҸ׵ķ˯Ҹ׷֣ܻ𣿡
ʱ˵ˣⲻϻϻǰ龳ܣһ߷Ҳʥʵ
ЦЦ˵֮ûǰԷ˵Ǹ˼񣬾ǲ볹˺Ƥ
ͨشˣɱϻǰıͨȻˣһʱǱߡ
֪˭Ϸһ
׵һЦϵϢФķûв´ӦԹ˶֡
ߣ
ġϷһ
Թ𣿱вԻΪ޵ˣǻ˱ӣȥһλүү֡ߡ
ҡͷҲǵĿĲɵǣץǣ컯ɾߡ
컯ɾ
ϷȻһҵǵطˣ⴦żѵģӵʲô
߱˵İɣ϶ȥġЦ
Ī˴̨׼˳ȥգ۾ʧӰ١

һƬСڣһλ벽ʥǿƺһüĶѪӿеˤ
վһȺȫ󾪣һλҺɫӵŮˣһĻֻЦЦƺԤ֮С
䣡
ǰ벽ʥһŭС綼΢΢һľ۹סơ
ܣûץǼˡǰ벽ʥתЦ̾ФΪ𾴡
ФЦŰ֣ûϵҲҵԤ֮Уͨ¸ȷһ¡
ʲô£һȺʵ
Ф浹ŹֵһЦûʲôǰˡ
󡣡˹ְݱ
ФЦЦӰ𽥵ȥС뿪ȥʱ¶һ˿Цݣһ䣺ֵܹܵȻ˲ãĲɱˣ֪ѾҪҵؼҵ·ˡ

̫ɽ
Ϸǰһʱ䷢󣬺ڵĳӶˣܺΪʲôûиŹȥ
ȼֱ΢һܵõ컯ɾ
ǧһꡣ
İɣǺöŵģһָɽһһЩʲôʦֵ𣿡Цʵ
Ϸһϵͷһмλʦֵܣ̫ˣʵڲ˼á
͸㣬ţôϻǸǡ
һȥϷ۾һ
׺Цؿ˶죬Լһķ䣬ͼҪóٸˣЩĵ˲٣Ѹࡣ
ķҡĵҡݵĶټңлɽһЩֵýύΪԺҲҪһЩ
⼸Ĺ֮⣬ʵԺȵȡ
£Ҫͳȥλ
ϣ˺˼ƣϷƫƫҪױһ뿴һ֮Ĳж
Σֻʦֿı磬һսϷҲǾ콾֮ܡ
ڶ죬סͬ͡Ϸһͬǰҡ


620 빬
һƬ磬һɣȺɽӿڳ۳ߡ
ؾܼʵʣ洦ɼɲ˷
ɺڿз裬һȺ𾪵ÿһͷɺ׾ȻʥȺӵĲ֪ж١
ǿ޳Ⱥɽ֮䣬ֻ¶һͷ­ɴ󣬲֪жô׳
ԶİУһɢԵľ޴󹬵ţǹһߣ˵Ƶģ֪ķ˶ôһ޴Ĺ
һ⴦СһȺ˶סˣֻľȻؿܣ͸𶯣ҲǴйϵĻĹңôһСҪȽ𽣶ǿ̫ࡣ
˵ĹżأȻˣǼĺҾòǻɽһϷڡ
ǵȻǼǹǿۣ⴦Сǰ˴֮һƽҸ׾ס
ºͿЦ
ͻĹżұǽ𽣶ͺƵģֵ̫һˡ
ϰڴأɡЦЦǳŹȥ
š
˶һݡ
ҪԸļǸҲҪأⲻǼ򵥵İݷã˵ǽ𽣶Ҫ뼧ϣǿ׵ӣ˶޷롣
ΡĹҴ޾ƣл֣ʾ֮ϡ
ſڣվһˣһλžӢ˵ˣ˾أȻѾϢһۿȥ鲻ԽҪݡ

ӢȻܾò¶ˣԽԽдڱչأϵ龳
ºͼӢۣȫһ࣬ӽ˹ȥ
ѡºܿ
Ҳʩ񣬵𽣶ͼƽ̡
׺ϷҲæ̬ΪΪ֮ݣһǵĳ
Ӣ΢΢һЦԸºͻЦλѲؿƽ̹ȻֲýЩԽ¡ˡ
ЦЦǫѷ˼䡣
׺ϷӢֻЦ˶ǵͷҲû˵ʲô
񰲾վԼ󣬱ùɺܶ࣬ƽʱŰȻͬ˰ֱЦ
λ롣
Ӣһ֣Ż򿪣һȺ˽ȥ
빬ư磬ڲݻȴһɻϢһһζǷ
󣬱ŮƺͲǵϣȻƮƮȥ
׵˳ԾǣЩŮҲΪмѾﵽ벽Ԫ硣
Ӣ۾סСȻǿҲ˵ȺʥɺףҲ֪˶ǿߡ
Ұ˴磬ﵱǿ
ӢȻǼ֮䲢߰ƱյȵĲֺǺͶԾ塣
꼧ӢЦǣɲ֪öŮԣ˽飬˭Ҳ֪˭Ҷ֪
ѾΪɣЩûٸˡ
֣ǵѾ֪Ϊ֮˽Ȼǵһμ֣ҲܿĻ£պܳΪǿߡӢ۷¾Ʊ΢Ц
Цһ֮ڻ򡣡
ӢЦЦһۼ˵⺢ǰЩ̫ӣ˵׵Ĺ͡
æô˵ɱˡ
Ʋ죬ԵЩޣ૵ҲԼŬСиƨϵ
ӢۺһۣЦѾ˵컯ɾһ£ǿ԰һʢᣬõɾּɡ
Ͱֵܾ֣θڴҪĳɾѾ֪ˡ
Ҳ͵ҪǾ֣ʵڹⲻĳɷݶ棬ĺˡ
Ӣۼ𽣶̬ȼҲ˵ʲôЦŵͷ
Ա֮󣬼ӢüϢȴЦʵ壬һ֮룬¡
Ӣ۾Цˣ˵
˽һڹǵʷ˵һȥ飬ͬĻȥһ
СҿûɣȻ麣ǵط̫ˣǲȥ
Ӣ΢ЦȻԣһüȥ
л塣æЦ
Ժ󣬼Ӣ뿪ƺȥ׼ˣס֮ʹ׺Ϸȥ˲
ɽһĲҲ࣬ϷҲûһЩ֪ʶ
׺Ϸˣ麣һ߼ʣĵ伮ϣ治֪жٱ
ѽҲܿ飬ͷۣ˯ˡתߡ
׺ϷһЦں麣С


621 ѹβƸ
嫵麣Ĳ׺ϷУ˶ûдӲ
еģмȥһβ󣬽׵޽죬Ҳûܾ
ɫС갲ڼļʱƬͻȻһ¶λݵ˹ĳߡ
үүүүһžϲҺþûˣΪء
ޣ²һߵŭһ߸Ͳἧĵ٩ĿضǺɫСꡣ
ɫСһ΢΢ʥһʳͷʱȴзĿ־塣
ޣүү߿ڣĿâСϡ
С겻һ̶ƵС۾Եú޹
˵ôϣԭΪޡٺһЦûҵսޣܲɣ
ģ
Ц˵ʲôأûнԼǽǺӵİɣ
̫û˼ˣʲôܲµ
ǺӸ˵죬ŽһҪˡҲ̾һֿԼһۣû˵ԭô˼ҵĺһȣԵôء
¡Ҳ̾Ϣ
λ֪˶Ļʯ˴̾ϢһʧС
˵һһ㶵ģ˰βҿϼһô˵ԼӵҲǿٸҼʱ䣬ҡҰüëι⡣
úɣʵҲûôǿ龳𡣡һλڰдЦ
죬૵龳Ѿǿ˺һôѹܴ󰡡

£һţĵʱͶŪޣСҲϤˣ̶Ƶʱ¶ֺõɫ
ʳˣֻ輸ȫι
ѽҲ٣޻治˭ģ̫˷Ǯˡ۵졣
ƬһƬ׺ϷһͷڲûгҲĵѾ״ң죬ĹҶ׷
ԭܼ򵥣ͬ𽣶칲ͬ׳һϢǳǰ컯ɾޣһҲֻһǧʥµʿԿɱǱ߶пܻʸ
Ϣ˹ǣ컯ɾ쫷Ƶϯǣһ֮ڣɶѾ֪Ϣ
ɡǿߡɢȫǳɵĻԵĻŶѵóһΣ˭Ȼ
һʱ䣬żҿŵһСӿȥ
ֹһϢ
ǰߣ뽻뷽裬Ҫ󣬲˭һ⡣
ϢһʱһƬ
СɶڰҺͽ𽣶̫ˣһʸͿʼƣ֪ô̡
뷽費СĿס˺ܶˣµıʱ䣬Ҳ˽ˡ
ܶ࣬ʵǵȣȴǺ١
ΪµʿȻۺ죬Ҳ֪ûлᣬûбѵԲһѣڱôߣµʿͷˡ
˱ҲüҺͽ𽣶׬죬𽣶ȻֻĳɣҲһ衣
һ裬ֽ׶ɵĴûô࣬ѾԲһĵľ磬Ҳסһѡ

ҿһ羰С磬סƬķڶסˡ
ȻҲнûסÿһ˶һµĿͥԺͥԺɲݱأ羰ɾ
ˣȫǸɵʥӣԼǵȫ
𻢡׷֡ҹˣص𣬿˵ûһȱϯ
컯ɾԵ¹شûκ˿ԾܾջǻĹҸλʥӸڱصá
ҲвΪЩһףĹϵãǡС
Ž壬ѵ޿ɵֵ𣿡
壬עҵĴУ֮ںһʱ
ߣ
вޣҲм˸еǣŽھѾôǿˣδм˿ѹơ
һ֮׺Ϸ߳ȻǰǴ¿ٵС硣
ǴСڣǿ߶Ѿ룬ʱᷢѪ¼ֻҪˣһ㲻Ԥ
֮󣬾ʹĵһЩˡ
֡ҹȵȣЩЩύֵ֪ܣȻδҸɡ
ְЩԽˣҸоһʥҲĶ֡ĴڣһȺںȾƣֺһиж


622 ϵȥ
ͻ͵Ĵڣ磬һȺ콾ƱյȵĲֵֺһ仰ȵ˵ͬһĿҪ޵ˡ
ͬܿ£ȻǷҵʥӣٲȻΪĵĵ֮һһʥӵѡ
ҹͺССͷѾ벽Ԫڲ˺ܲˬ
׹һЦ˵̫ˣ㻹ǱﶫСܵܰɣСҾúǰ;
ҹ¶ɬЦݣ˵λ𼵶ʣȻһţȻǵѵģ޵֮Ҳǵġ
СҲ̻ˣԭԸôº͵ĶҹҲꡣ
µǿʲôСӱԾͲôиëϵ
СһȺ˱
ҿ
΢΢һЦͻȻһӣһɳЩǰʱһȺ۾ˡ
컯ɾʧ
Ѿӵ컯ɾһöƾ֤Ÿġ΢Ц
ЦŵͷҲ׻е˼
컯ɾ˵һǧһǧѾ𽣶ͼҳУǻָԼµĵӣҲóһָͬ˵ɣһǧǸġ
ʢὫܶ죬ǧ½ųȥһųȥͲģ˹涨ӳǿ߻סǰ컯ɾ
ΪȵһȫȨලǰĵ·˭ҰƻѰ֮ã𼧼ҵǿҹ
мôһȻδܼңһ䶨֮ǲ˭ٳֵġ
Խ𽣶ѡҪĳɵķݶǸѡһǧзţ𽣶Ʊס档

ִ磬̫ˣһ˰뷽赱ŷءҹæЦ
ԭСӰɣҪﲻװ˵ЩҲˣ󶼱޳Եˡ
һս𣿡˺棬˻ûһսʲôģ
ֻս޲ǺöǻǲҪˣ˵һֻٺЦ
˳裬˵۵ĻСı㡣׼ϹһģµСϳǰ
ϵ۳úܿɰȺ콾ȴ΢΢һ𣬴ϵܸоһɼֲݷڣһͷųܻأ񷡣
ϵ˫籦ʯӿһۣߵǴ콾ôҾúһ
һȺ˵ɫˣ׷и̣Ȼ׵սޣôĲһ
ϵ߻һֻɫС꣬С̶Ƶ۾ؿһȺˣĿȻһ˿ϲ
һ£ôͷɫСĿôΣأҹɫƵ˵
ҲоˣĿǡϲҿǵʳˡ˽µ
ָ̧СһƣɫλֵܿˣԸº͵ģôǵʳ
ϸ۲С֮꣬ɫͱˣʧ⡭ѵǴ˵еޣ޾ȻĴڣ֣ϻʲôܣ
ޣ
ˣǶһͷ޴ʲôڵ޿棬Աȼ벽ۡ
뵽˵ĿⶼøǵֵסȷҪǿ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ΪѾôǿϵۺһͷޣҲܶԸͨʥˡ
Žһɲ⣬֮꣬뵱۲С
ֹȻȷޣҲǸողòŽġ΢Ц
ִ磬Կҹ
ЦЦû˵ϵ۾ŷԣλ˳ʧ䣬ǿѡ׷汾ۣۻȫǡ
һȺ˲ƵĿʱϵ۵ҲСˣ׼ˡ
ףҪˣҲСȥΪɽʱǻΪػͻȻСϿڡ
һȻѾ֪Ϣ浽ٱʱлǺܲᡣ
ȻСкܶëţȷԼܺãԼ˿ġ
ҲСϵ֪ĵѣĿ뼧һвȱٵĻ֮һ
ϣҪˣҪעⰡΪȫ費Ҫϰָ¼оͨҲеʵ
ϵĿƺЦҡͷҪĥ¼ҪκεİСģһʥ߲ǵĶ֡
̾еĲնȥʵǺʱߣ
ڰɣɽʱǹʱ򡣡СϹһЦҲɴ࣬һϹʧСɲǼʧǰ
ϵߵ׿ЦҲѸʰ顣
ϣҲôһͷսްԼսһָп
˵ͷΪȻ


623 
ϵ۵ͻȻȥΪʧ䣬ȻѾٻЩӦ
̸ֵǣҲЦŶ˵̫ģϵ۴һļ䣬κһ˻Ҫϵټʳޣ󣬵ܶԸǵĻûж١
΢ЦͱˣԼҲصĿլԺ
ϵȥʱҲʲôû£ǰдһͨǽһǳͨţԭҲҪȵ׳Ϊʥ
ϵۿڵսԱȼһĴʥ㽫ͨš
תͨ
ϵֽ׶οһͨǽһһλԴľѧ
λɽ£һܵĵط˵ɽڣȸڿգ׻ȵ״ʱ𶯣Դһͨ
רΪһ֮ͨ˸ûа취
ϸһϣջķᣬоǧٵӡѾȫΣĥԼڵʵܷӳͨٷ֮һ

ڶһ磬ױǰһ޴Ĺ㳡
㳡ԲΣװʮˣǰǿ߼ˣ¶λ֮⣬صż䣬żȫǸɵʥӣ
ס˴һڣѹѹһƬȺԾȡ
еҪأ׬ˡ˫Ŀ⣬컯ɾȻ˶Ȥ
΢΢һЦ컯ɾȻ֮ͨ·ЩҶ伮Ҳ֪Σգͨÿһ컯ɾ֮󣬽ʿʮа˾Ŷɥ
ôΣգһ
۾ƽ˵Σδֻ컯ɾֲ֪Ĳǹ񣬶İ
컯ɾʢᣬ콾棬νϿ֮أԵΣղ棬Ҳܵġ
һЦںûʲô˲ģԽΣԽãӻⳡԵʥء
һЦҲǡ
ˢ
˵䣬㳡һӰǼҵһλʥߣȻ뼧ͬҪȼܶࡣ
λѣֻһǧλҪһԵʵ̫࣬췽Ѿ̶һ飬ɶѾͬ⣬ЧġʥҲϻֱӿڵ
ǰʲô飿ʵ
Ǻǡ
ˢ
Ǽʥһָ߾Ȼһͷ޴Ļޣ޳ǣȴɢһɿµϢʥϢ
һ̭ͷ޶ƴһ㷽ܼ޷ֵλѣֻˡʥЦǺǵ
޵ʵʥˣôǶ֣Ŀ̫ϸ񡣡
ҵȲΪôǻ޵Ķ֣
Ҳȥˣ˻ҵ衣
˽ţʥڣֱϥڰУٽʿ֣άֳ
᳡˶ƺţ밴ƺŲμӿˡһλʿȵȻѹסӵ
ãԣ
䣡
һλɢ޳֣һλӣʵﵽڰ죬ʵǿ
һ¶Цȥ
½ǰˣǿ߶ûйأһ̭˽ǧˡ

ơ
׺ͼϷýζ⴫һͬʱһϤϢƮ
΢΢һ¶֮ɫƮ첻Ĳ֪ڿʲô
ִ磬ܽ𣿡һϸĵ洫ƺһɱ㺡
˭ЦȻ԰š
ŭĿӣ
ţһλɫŮֻʮӣһ˫鶯˫۴Ц⿴Ų֪ס
ȣģȥתתһЦ뿪
ϹЦЦ˫ϴһ˿Ц⣬ִþò
΢ЦǰһȷþòˣϹЩú𣿡
ţ㲻ִֻ̫ûˣôҲûȥңѵҲ𣿡Ϲһίı顣
׶ʱеͷСܲͬԸƤϹԾһС޷мܡ
ЩȥϹˣԷæƣѹеһ˿¶
ò˵ôһλƯŮֻҪ˶ѳֲס
ҲǶءϹһЦܲʵִ磬δû𣿡
׿Цҡͷˣûеصʱ򣬵ǰ컯ɾʱһ
Ϲжʱһ˿ʣЦŵִĵŮӣһһء
ȡ׸Ц֪ô˵


624 ԽԽ
ϹЦȻ׾ȵģһЦЦִô¼𣿡
æ˵ûУʱټˣи˻ء
ϹĴᣬѵУֻһλþòĹ𣿡
׶ͷ϶ðһϸܵĺ飬֧֧Ĳ˵ʲô
СѾͷҪѲĶ࣬龫ֵһСħƫƫôƯֻѾίʵôһλƯŮˡ
͡
ϹЦ۲תһϣֵҾͲŪˣŵá
һЦҸղŲҪŶˡ
Ϲĺһۣ૵ò绨Ȼܹ㣬ͷһҪһδޣȽһ
׶ʱеһͷ
ݡ
öķɳæתƻ⣬æЦϹöǰ컯ɾƾ֤͸Ϲְɡ
ϹĻϲĽӹЦȻģллˡ
ЦʣЩ겻ϹֵϢǲڱչسʥأ
ѽѾ㹻ˣ컯ɾһ£أȫʥľ硣
ϹЦЦͻȻֻ˵ִ磬ҪСһŶҴء
ңûϹְɣ
˭㺦ò跹˼أҪΪԼóͷϹֱЦһСꡣ
ԼҲǹأûжϹôΪԼȴһʼĸо
ִ磬Ҵӱ򣬻ûأ˵мط羰漸𣿡
ײȥϹĳ񣬵Ҳ֪ԼҪǲֻ֪һϹ껾ͻ
ѽȥ棿̭ôҲҪм죬ÿԳȥתת
ϹһЦ˵ȥһ¹ٲɣ˵Ըĺȥ
ţû⡣
ǺãھȥɡϹ²
ھȥ
ŰûʱѵƭңСѾͷֿ촹ˡ
׼æʱ䣬ʱ䣬ھȥǧҪٿˣ硣
ϹĻЦ

˸մżڳûһλˣȷǷͶһɴǣڷ٣絶ס
̲һɿµʥƣǹµ֮һڹǰʮ
硣Ϲһ
Ϲ껳ûдԼСãϸ׼ۣ΢΢һͷڵЩ꣬Խˡ
׺Ϲ껵Ŀ̫ˣԼ˶ԲϹĵƵġ
Ϲֺþòˡ
ϹһʲôʱӭȢСã
磬˵ʲôءϹĶʱߺ
ȣϹ֣ˣֻѶѣε
Ϲ˫ĿһƬâӿϢ˶Ŀ䵭˵Ժģ㲻á
λ˸硱Ǹɴ࣬˵תߣһԷңĻᶼûи
Χ˶Ϲ껵Ļǿ߷׷׳Ծ
ʲôҪӭȢϹҵĹҪ𣿽ǺøȻܱϹҿϡ
ҲǷһж֣ϹҵĹ޸ҲԿ
İ԰Ҫȥ
ҲȥǿֵľͲ´󡣡
һȺ˷׷׽£׵ˣҥҪǴȥԼôϴҲϴɾ
Ϲһ͵֣Цִ磬ʹ˰ɡ
׶޳ˣϹҪҰҪǱ֪ˣһȥҪ°ġ
û£һ͵ġ
ԽԽڰɣǻȥ¹ٲתתɡаһηֱŮҲʲô顣
ϹЦú졣
˽鳯Ź㳡ȥһ·Χ˹ȫ׷˵ϲмʲôʱҪӡ
֣ϲӭЦ棺һģʲôʱ£
֣鲻
˼ҹһأǧҪǸĵӣЩԺ˵ˡֿģȰһˡ
ҹǹЦִ磬µʱǵøҷϲŶ
û
ҹ૵ʲôȱϲҲ𣿡
߳㳡ʱ򣬻ȫѶϲˣֻĴΨֲ֪ҪӭȢϹҵĹ
šױߣţæ򿪴̨Ϲȥ
ʱ
𽣶һڣһλݵŮ˳ЦڳҪȥִ硣


625 ȸڿ
⴦С߳ȥ֮󣬱һƬ׳۵ĴϿȣԶȥ͵䣬ǸƵɽ
ϹǳãһԼᣬȻ״Ҳϣ˼Լᡣ
ִ磬ĺܸˣһֱҾͺˡϹƮƮ¶۵Цݡ
ЦЦ䣬ͻȻǰ治Զһ͵Ĺâ˸Ӵ̨ڻ߳һλòŮŮϻŸ˵ЦݣƤɫ
׵ɫʱͱˣͻȻһĸоæӭȥȵغôˡ
ףִ磬ǽҵ𣿡׶ʱһЦֿλòʲԼŮɫʱòˡ
ִ磬Ƕ˶أڼȴλ羰ǲǴŵλˡ¶С졣
Ц鲻
һĿź濴ϹģΪŮܺоǰλɫŮϲԼδ
СѾͷжʱЩģ˵ⶼ̫ˣģŶòֳһλڸ治ԼŮ
ɣϹģԱ򡣡Ϲ΢ЦƮȻ߹ȥȻŮˣĿҲһ˿ޣʱԼΪʲôûԭִδһλǵŮء
ţҾǣҲִδޡͷ׵ı۰
ϹһЦôȻҲϲִ磬Ҳģһˣҵ׷ôҲûдӦһֱ˵Լδжô㣬Ǽˡ
𣿡
һЦʵǰĿ𣿡
ǻ˵һ΢ЦҼõű佱ôǺƯ͵µĹ
ǵȻЦĺܿġ
ϹĿ޼ӣһ˿ĽʲôʱҲôףİһ˵Цء
ԼⱲӡ
ĽԲ𣬸ղҵ̬ȲãҲ֪ϲһûдģִô㣬Ǹɿ׸첲ߵϹߡ
ϹԸҲܵ࣬ô˵ʱҲ˵ԲʵҵĲԣҲþִģǲҡ
ûϵİĽ㣬ִҲǺˣϲ֮⣬һλϲأʵͦء
Ȼ
ת۵ĹѾͷѾõ罺ˣƺһԼĽࣿ
ŮǲаԼһ䡣

䣡
ͻȻӰӼǴСڷɳһȵ壬ϲҲȾָΪ˿ʰ𣿡
һѪ죬һȺ̬߰ˣҲи߰ʱȻȫǰ벽ԪΪÿϴš¹֡
׵۾΢΢ԭǻĹ¹ҵˣֲûţһԼôĲˣǽУҲԼĶ֡
¹أʲôϹ˪õغȵ
ģ׷ô㶼ӦŸ年һʲôõģҪһ𡣡ֽ¹ص˺ȵ׵Ŀ⼫
ȵִǺãģĽϲŹء
ضʱŭĻëѾͷٶ봺¥
䣡
Ŀ˲úڻХƵģɫѪޱ޼Ƶϯȥ˫ӡһӡ
ӡ
һ쳹գ޴ȸڻĹ¹ȺǰɢɫĻ棬һը˰Ƭա
صɲǼɫѩףһȦµȸɢȥٴӡֻ˳ȥ
ӣ
ȸڿգ¡
Ⱥȫǰ벽ԪҲУһ˲ͱȸɣһӰĽգۼˡ
磬Ұ
¹ؾ壬һ
أ
ͻȻ䣬üĶѣһֻƴüڷɳϵܲһƵסȸ뵵Ĺâȸɢ
뵵Ĺâס¹أȫڷ⣬ʵĹâɢϡɣϢ׵ĿϢ
¹Ӧ̨ô
Ŀ΢ٴӡһͷȸ˹ȥ
䣡
СڷɳһӰɫȸײһɲǼѣ״־Ů˰ɡ


626 Ծ
¡¡
ضڲǾ޴ȸɢĿ΢ͻȻֵӰͬʱϹȳ˵ȫĵط
Ϲĵǵشִ磬¹Ӧ̨ˣ¹ҵʥӣҲصĴ硣
ֻЦЦǲõģеɱ˿ûмᣬĿ֮
ۣ֮
ظ˭У׸Ͳ¹Ӧ̨ӡ
䶨ǰһλ꣬ڷŨܣһʹâ
Ŀƽû˿ɱ֮ȴǳǿ󣬾𻢵һսǿߡ
û˿ʤ㡣
磬ɱɱȻҶҳ֣Ҫʬηܽͷ֮ޡطĴУɫǳ񶾡
סڣ
¹Ӧ̨ȵüͷһƴϣٶһ䣬֮ࡣ
¹ɫϸֳ֮ɫ廹΢΢һ£ȻǳĿռ䣬ϲٿ˵ֻվԼҴ棬ɫԹضס
֣ղŵҸеǸ׵ͻСͿԭһΰɡ¹Ӧ̨ڣƽһɸ߸ϵζ
ԣܿڷѾǼ˲õ飬˫΢Цףüһİ
΢΢üҡͷȻ¹ֿ飬Ҳܲӣɣ¹Է˵̤¹Ұ벽¾ôҹˡ
¹Ӧ̨ʱ¶֮ɫüֵҪˣСܲû̫飬αؽƽϡ
׵ɫ䵭ĮȻʵôǡû̸ˣ
¹Ӧ̨Ŀ΢΢Ҫҽˣ¹Ӧ̨ĵܾܵ㷸˴Ҳɱܣ¾ʹΪֹ־ͱپˡ
¶һĨЦɫ¹ҵʥӣǺô磬ڷˣҪ˭ҲȲ
ߣ
¹Ӧ̨һµϢӿȣĮؿף壬̫֪ˡ
ģ֪Σ¹Ӧ̨װװˡһȴмӰ֡
񡢶ҹ֡˶ˡ
һȺ콾Ƕ¹Ӧ̨ɫֻǱԽ޻̬֮ؿˣȻҪΪͷ𣿡
¹Ӧ̨˵㣬֮ǰһǴһλȱʿҹȻ˵
¹Ӧ̨ĿƽҲȥᶫҹ
ҵø磬ĵģҾҪ𡣡ҹһȣ˿裬ĳǹС
㡭У¹Ӧ̨
ҹŭһļֹˣЦЦôˣ¹ҵķȲҪˡ
ʲôأӸװǱӵĵ̣ô񣿡ŭ
׵һЦˣҿ¹أҳֽ¹Ӧ̨ɱ
кâ˸ͷİɣСܲˡ
Ѿŵøεѣô֣ĺܵԼİΣΨִ籣Լ
ף㵱ҪΪУⲻԸ㲻çײ嶯ˡ¹Ӧ̨ĮȻı飬ûаЩ˷С
˫Ǻ⣬һһٵѾ˵ǸҶߣԶ
ɱ¹ء
ĮȻһЦԼյ̭һ˰ɣ
šԣͷ
սҪ¹Ӧ̨һսҹսʥ󱣻Ӧ֮ս
һԥȻСӣ嶯¹Ӧ̨Ǹ֣ȽһԳȥ¹صˣûҪա
ҡͷüȥ׼ʥҪ¹Ӧ̨һս
Ҫһս¹Ӧ̨Įضס
һսʤ㣬ɱ¹ءͬĮĻӦ
¹Ӧ̨һЦ̾Ϣ㲻ҵĶ֣Ǹ߿Ž壬çײ֮ˣѿ¡
ģ֪װǻơһתСڡ
ֵ˻ûߣؽ¹Ӧֵ̨ܰΧȻû֣Ҳ뿪˼
¹Ӧ̨̾ϢȻұȫ㣬ǡĿⶸȻ÷ʹâأսʱ˭ҶС֣ܳɱȫҡ
һȺ˶ߣŻ˭أҪɱȫԣÿһ˺̨Ӳúء
䣡
Сٴδ򿪣¹Ӧ̨һӾ¹أ˽ȥ
ϹĶǵķɹ˫жŽźǡ
ִ磬Ҫ¹Ӧ̨ԾôֲޱȣΪµ֮һֻѾԪˡ
һЦôεǿˣҲոһ֮


627 ڤһ̾
壬ɣ
Сڣ¹Ӧ̨ĮϾˣ˶㵣֪ʲô顣
Ǿ޴Ĺ㳡һ͵ĹâڿգɢױȵʥʥԵֵͨʥߵĹ
ٳ͹ǧɵ̨¹Ӧ̨ƾվ̨ϣ˫֣µϢӿȡ
һ˶ˣжһ¶ζЦݡ
ŽԾ¹ʥӣĳǧУҲʶһ˶ʵ
ЩĴսʵӹɣ¹Ӧ̨ԶԺܵ͵ֻ֪˼ȵǿ󣬵ʵս˻
˼ЦһߵԼҡ
ϹҲ΢΢һĿͻȻһɱ¹Ӧ̨Ҷ÷֣𣿡
¶Ц壬ǧ¹Ӧ̨а
¹ʥӼԾŽ壬Ϣס˲ǿ߶Ѿ֪ˡ
ԭ̭ѾѾȥϢȻϢ׷׷㼤ҵĶԾ˭ҲԸ
Ƭ̣㳡ѾΪˡ
¹Ӧ̨ԣȷǷǻĹ¹ҵ콾˫ĿâǿֲѪ˶ɫ䡣
¹ҵʥӣǺǿ󡣡
ǰ̫ǿˣҸоԼǰŲУҲ֪ŽǲǶ֡
սԻͣкϷˡ
䣡
ʱһɫӰʢѪҡǧɣͬԵޱߣڷ裬ս١
ףǰˡ¹Ӧ̨һĿкâ˸ɫâƣеͬһٳˡ
䵭˵ҲΪУֻǻĹ¹̫ԵˣԸֱ̫ܲð۸
ԸˣԴԸעɲһ¹Ӧ̨ЦдĲм

ЦĿȴԽԽϵҲԽĿ£Ȼγһ쫷磬쫷ϸȥȴһϸëĽһƽǧ
˵ĿⶼȻǿûг־ƣЩ
ս
ͻȻͬʱȡ
ɺƵ˲伤սһָһ޴ĽâǺննÿһⶼЯױȵܣ˿õ
¹Ӧ̨Ϊ¹ҵʥӣսͬʱǿгһƽǽĹӣǹΪƵģϵǡѹɨסȫĹ
Ѹٽ֣ƷǳĺƴһƬƬձѣΪʥӣպ£Ҳǳ졣

䣬ǽ˼ʮУ׸ͨһ£ɽµߵһ㣬Īľѹ
¹Ӧ̨壬ͬһͷųɫâɾ͵ס׵Ĺ
ɱ纣գأҺʥ赲Ҳÿһˡ
ֱڣЩ˲֪ԼĲࡣ
꣬ն
ͻȻ𽣾һƬĽ⸡֣гĽ˵
ǧ۳ɵĽ̫ˣһܶˡ˾ֽе
ǿɲ⣬ôоһɱˡҲС
ɫףΪԼǿҲ赲Ľֱ赲
ŰֲϢɽƵģ޴ĺХƵҪ¹Ӧ̨û
䣡
һ˲ɫƽ¹Ӧ̨֡
ͻȻһɫҡϻһƬʱʱףȴһϢµĲüˡ
ǡûʧܾõڤ֮ǽֿµôֳˡ
ڤ֮ǽԷκͨĹ̺һͷµڤڤ̾ϢǷ顣
ˡ
һ˿¹Ӧ̨󲿷콾ˡ
ظͨģѵ¹ظй᲻ɣ
Ҳڤ֮ǽνǧҪǿµ̾Ϣһ̾Ϣǲ
ƨڤ̾ϢСӿ֮ߵ
䣡
ʱɫڤ֮ǽ뽣ײһԭӦɲʧ֮ıը
ղϵķ飬ǧԶĹսҲеһϢɢҪɨǡ
ؼʱʥסͨƴʱڳҪһ롣

һϵ̾ϢɫǽڴһӰڰУµĿס
һ̾ϢͻȻ׵𣬽һģɫһ¶֮ɫ


628 ռԾ
ڤһ̾
Ӱһ̾Ϣ˿ȫһƬѪ͵ڵϡ
ô£ܵʲôôͻȻˡ
ڤ̾ϢһźܿµаܽĻǷ飬ˡ˵
¹Ӧ̨治¹ҵʥӣʵȻǿ׶Ķ֡
һżڣϹɫʱҰףȥףסǣЦλɩõģĵظСѲסСӵġ
ն
¹Ӧ̨¶Цȫѵ˲ϳ֡
ƾ춯أһħȭݺݴ˹ȥһƬնʱѡ
ľսĿš
أ
˵ԤϣͻȻɣһ⵲סɱһ
䣡
Ѫ纣ɫѪٴν֣Ʋԣ·ղŸûܹˡ
ʵղȷһˣӰ̾Ϣʱһ˿Ĺڣ󹥻꣬һͰܱҺϰѰ
ѰҪһǾǿˮӴľǵϸжϣ˾Ѫסһ
ڤڤŻ
¹Ӧ̨Хڷ٣˫ƵģƲùս˶
ѪӰһ뵽ڣذĹʹ˹
ճƬ޷Ŀϯ˾ʮأһ˲¹Ӧ̨ϵϢޱȵĿ£һһڤϢ
ʮأ
ײ壬ϵĻ
ڰн֣Źâڲϵĳţɾ޴ĺ໥Ƶġ
ձѣط顣
Һʥ֮սನǵսֻ°С綼Ҫˡ
󲿷ǿ߶սʵ̫ԵЩ˸Ǿ뵽ԼҲϲǡ
ս޿ƥУ
׺¹Ӧ̨ͨתۼֶƴ˼ʮУÿһжգ˭ֻҪж©һ˲Ȼ֮ء
ãףսôãƾһԺˡ¹Ӧ̨ϵٿȻһ䣬Խı䡣
ɫâڿգɫҫۣƵӭչȴһּΣյĸо
񣡡
ɫĹˢһƬظˡ
ﲻˢ૵
ﲻˢˡҲ૵
ͬΪˣȻ¹Ӧ̨Ŀ£Ҳ֪¹ͨǿͿֲ
о£ɫһθоΣգХһǧ⻯һХȥ
ˢ
ɫһˢȻ׵ĹȫסˣΡ
ﲻˢͨߣ˭ܵС
Ⲣ¹ҵͨ¹ʼˣ˵ֶΣǷԿɵɫ֣ڲ֮ˡ̾Ϣ
ҲȻ¹Ӧ̨ʵﲻˢǽĹԳܵļޣͿ֮мʶǿ߷
룡
ʱ¹Ӧ̨ɫĮһָ
һɫĹâӶ콵һԲҪסһɾǿԲڴ˶׵ľѪϵİš
ĽɫѪ룬Ȼ뵽ɫڣԽҫۣҷΧԽԽ󣬼̨ˡ
ģӵʵôǿСˡҲٵˣһ¶֮ɫ
ᶼˣʵô죬ǸϽȥִ簡
ٿСӦûֶΡ
Ҳͷ˵ֵʵڴˣȻҺ¹Ӧ̨棬Ӧбġ
Ϲֻҧ촽û˵΢΢һĳΣգϻ᲻ȥȡ
ܿµ¹ʥӡ
¹̶ͨȣ˽ܾ壬Ҳһϯ֮ˡ
ౡ
͵˶ΪױȻܣʱһͻȻ𣬽˶һֻͨȼŻľ޴˴ɳ
ȸڿգ۳أ
ŷչ߷ɣĵ¼裬űѪ
䣡
ֱײɫԲϣһӾƵ¹Ӧ̨Ĵ
ˢ
׷𻢵һӶվˡ
һ츳ͨ׾Ȼʩչ
Ǻǣ˼ˣͬǾͨ׸ղŵĽҪǿ̫ˡ
ףȻҵĴС
䣡
׺ڷٴιһֵķһգһ޴֡


629 ִ
໣
죬β̨ȫƬХһ¹Ӧ̨
¹Ӧ̨ɫأɫҫأĻˢҪ
û˴ˮƵڿһԾ˫ŷٴδһ
һƻɽСиֵܲɼɽӣƺԳһ硣
¹Ӧ̨ųﲻˢ㾿ֵܵסҼй״ս
ȷֲޱȣ״󲿷ֵĹˢȥˣǾ޴ɫ˼Ҳڡ
䣡
ɫâһɱҪҲڡ
ս
أ
ɲǼ䣬ȫѪڣɫѪʮأȫӲӵģһս
ˡ
ű֮䣬ŽĿ֮һܷӳȫս
׵ͷɽɫģٴδһͷˣһͷ
˺ӳּҵĳȥ
޾⻯зӡǿĹԱȼʥߡ
ʥȫ濪Ҳ¡¡죬̨ܵճ׻硣
񣡡
¹Ӧ̨ɫĮ·뵽ʵĹâУɫĺʵĹâײһ
䡭
ֿµɫףҲЦЩɵʥӶ¶֮ɫ
˵ɱ֮ʵھˣʲ硣
ģԿӰڹĻн֣ĿԽԽ䣬ѾʼȼձѪڳ֡
أ
׼򱻴飬ͱڣɱܿɱһһҲ¹Ӧ̨
ս̶ȣ˶óˣ˵սʵ޼ֳʤȻһ䡣
壬ȥɣ
¹Ӧּ̨ɫâת뵵ѹ
ҾҪﲻˢ
״ٴѪֱͨ˺뵵¹Ӧ̨һߵϣعֱѣԼɳȥ
ͬ¹Ӧ̨ҲУȫʼѣѪǺɣڽ£˶Ӱˤ
ۣ
ȣ
ǿȫɫؿŶԷȻˣһս֮
ս
˶ΪⳡսѾǾȻٴսһ𣬲ҪĴ߶Ѫ
ģҪҪôƴС˰ˡƿڴ
ϹѾ棬̨Ķеףеĵʹࡣ
Ӱڲϵ˴ţѾľȽŵȻܿ£һöԷŻѪ
ͣˣ
һӰӹ㳡ɳһͿ絽ս룬ֱһָסˣϻ΢΢Ц⡣
Ҫֳôֵ̫ˣδΪʥ֮ٷɡͻȻֵ΢Ц
˵ͻȻ֣ȫ˶ȻЩ߳Եķ䣬Űе˱ȭ񣬿жغ

ÿһ˵̬ȶܹû˿α
ΪǼ֮ǵӢۣôһλǿߣ˭Ҫ
ⲻǵһ仰ʵӢ۵ķٶ׶ֻ
塣

ӢЦЦֽ⿪˵ĽƣЦеôǻһ
¹Ӧ̨Įؿף˵ӵ
Цԣȵ¹ʥӲˣռͣҲٳˣ¹ر
ɱ¹صģֻҪڣͶҵСܡ¹Ӧ̨Цݳ¼ŵ裬¹ҵĵۼķתɫâ֡
׳Хһһûͬ˼裬żࡣ
һս˶ܴأûʱָ۷״̬
¹أ
ӢۿˣȻһ
ˢ
һʥѹ¹ع¹ɫ԰ףȫ̲סĲ
ǣ¹Ӧ̨üʵ
Ӣ΢΢һЦ˵յķΪģҲ¾ͽҴΣ
һн֮˵ӢѾô˵ˣΪҲһĽ
ǰôҵĵܵܣ¹Ӧ̨ĬƬ̣ʵ
ССĳͽһ¡ӢЦЦͻȻһָ¹صĵΪ˷ˡ
ǰ㡭¹Ӧ̨ʱŭڼӢ۵ݣǿüһƬ֮ɫ
Сӱ̫Ѿܸ¹ˣ¹ؼȻⳡʢᣬûеɱ֪ɡ
ӢЦЦѻȥ¹ض¹Ӧ̨ԼͬλʥһͿ㳡


630 
¹Ӧ̨Żȥ¹أĿؿף壬δұն㡣
΢΢һЦ˵仰ܶ˵ˣһǻĺܺãʱ㡣
ߣ
¹Ӧ̨ߣŵܵȥ
ҲӰһ̨ʧٴγֵʱѾڵķ䡣
¹Ӧ̨һսľ޴ӰȴԶԶûн
һսùһȫ׵ʵΪ˵֮֮һһϳ̵Ĳ࣬ҲǼʮ˶ѡ
µŽ壬жʮѾﵽ̶ȣ治һʥ֮жôǿ󡣡ǿ߿Ц̾Ϣ
˵н嵽ʥ֮У֮壬ѵ׽Ϊ𣿡
ߣ߿ˣڷâ̫ʢδ䣬һĹһλʥӱ˭Ҳ˵ãô࣬ʥҲгӵߣĿ
ǰʮҪһսʱ𻢱ضܳΪʥߣǲý塣
һսܻýĻԻͽ£չ黹Щʥӵ¡̾Ϣһ

ִ磬ûôһӰ˵׻Уĵģϻۡ
ϹԭҲ˹ȥһתסˣ뱾ԺлᣬȲƷˡ
Ȼͬ𣬲һҷһ
ʲô飬ǳеģ̫ˡЦЦĨȥϵ顣
תֿϹҲƺ޹ͷˣСѾͷһЦԼϵۣ˫͸һɲľͷÿ˵һ䣺ǲġ
׵еƵģѾͷԸһ㣬Ʋ׷ˡ
Сӣ¹Ӧ̨ʵΣ˶ӦǾȫɣʵ
ֵҲ棬λص¹ʥӣЩ˽Ļ治ֻ֪࣬Էǿǿս
ǿӦñһҪǿһЩ׳Ƭ̣
˶üͷ
㻹Ҫǿôƾءʵ
׵һЦҪɱҲô׵ģ¹Ӧ̨ӦֳǾ޷ɱֵģϾǼҵĵ̣뼧ҽ½֪
ֳ¹죬Ժ¹Ӧ̨һսҪСġ
Ǻǣ֮ҾսƽˡһЦǿš
ơ
ʱͻȻ𣬼Ӧ˵Ϣɫϱúѿߵ𣿡
ǼС˵
ŶһȺֻһЦ
ŭЦƨ
ȵС񣬼ֵȥһˣ˵й͵ˣǵѡ
׺ͼһۣܱӢ۳֮Ϊ͵ľԲ࣬һǵѣ
֪ˣϾ͹ȥػһ䡣
⼧һ˿⣬¶һ˿Цתˡ
ǵѣ֪˭𣿡ߺ󣬼ʵ
ҡͷǾ󲿷ֵܶˣҲ²˭ܱ֮Ϊ͡
ʼ磺ȥ¡
š
ȻǼӢ۴˲ҵ󣬱ȥҲ½뿪µֻʣϹˡ
㣬ܶ˵һ£ôִʶ𣿡ϹһЦ°˵
ҲһЦĿĻ䣬ִ磬Ѿʶʮء

һΡĹڣӢͬ˵һͲ󣬵ȺܳȣĿƽͣػشżӢ۵⡣
һˣϴŵЦݣϵϢƮǿ˿ڼӢۡ
߽ȫסˡ
֡
ֵۣܣôˡ
Ӣ۳֮Ϊ͵ĺȻԼһλ壬ȻʼԴȻУĵƺȼһҪǿһЩ
ԼӢԳӭҲȻġ
ҲܸˣæӭЦôѵӭ𣿡
ȻǣȻˣһúúȼЦ
ЦȻ˽壬һλǿߣĸ֣׺ͼæ
ãŽɲ壬ſܽĸ
ӢЦһ֮ڻĵ
嵥һ֣Ŵս֮һͬĸףҲԿóǿ
ǾŴսÿһ˶ڼӢۡ
ֱ֮󣬼̲סʵֵܣδʼԴǣӦɣ


631 ԭ
΢΢һЦ˵ҺʼԴǵȷһҪ졣˵꣬ͿϿ
ϿЦЦԼӢ˵֣ʼԴǣʵΪһλ
Ӣ۶ʱݣʵĳλǰ壿
ǵģһλ׷ɵŽ壬ʼԴս䣬һֱΪ˼ֱ֪ʬʼԴǡ
׺ͼҲɫ΢䡣
һλʬȻʼԴǣǴȥض£Ϊʬޱȣϡ
мϣʼɽһΪðϵ۱ᵽ˼䣬㴴ɲԾĴ֮һ
Ӣ۳ֿ֪λǰںεأ
ڱԭϿ˵
Ӣ΢΢ͷ˵ԭһƬԭжôû֪λǰʬǲˡ
Ͽ΢Ц⵹£λҲһλ벽ۣḯ࣬˽ӽӦ˷ǰҾѰʬ
Ӣݵ֣ǱԭΣգǧĺǣѾǣʥҲ㣬ҹǰʬȻڱԭһ͸ˡ
Ͽͷ̾ϢܵõԮ֣ĳм
Ӣ΢Цĳ¼ĳ岻ݴǣ²˳٣һͳһ⡣
壬ǰҲҪȥ
Ͽһۣ֣̾ʵλСһλֱϵ汲ҪҵʬĴ⺢ӡ
ҲҪȥµ
Ӣ۵ͷһЦСһһɣһҲǺõġ
˷
ǼûиŸһͬڵᣬ˵ʲôҲŹ
ͬͬУܼ֣Ļ᲻Ҫúðա
ãȳȥɣǾǰԭֻһЩҪ̸
š
뿪

֣ȻϲߣǾͲһʱˣȺһҲһЩʶ
ЦãѼ٣ȻǵѣǾҵֵܡ
ѣһűµͥԺһȺڳƣ׾ǡϹĺȻȥˡ
ѾͷйϵôһĹܽΣ
ǵİȫ׵ǲģиֻᰵбҲн𽣶Ϲҵĸ֣Ҳڰ档
Ҫ˵õ˾ףģʲô¶ռˡȵģ쳤̾
Ļõ˵ͬΨ΢΢һ
ЦŽ͵֪һλδޣλ֪֮ϵѺã˴˼ǵУǽã˵ĺ
ΪȻ˵ÿһλһ֪飬Ҳ̳нһķˡ
ɫһڣĿⲻƵؿһȺѡ
ѾôˣֺαͱأܲĺȾˡ̾Ϣ
һȺ˴Цų

㼸ʱľƣҹʱֱɢˣ˾ֻص˴
ӢۺϿλѾڵˡ
ˢ
Ӣ۵һָУʱһ޴Ĵ󣬿ԴֱӴ͵ԭ
߰ɣȨһɵУǲҪ̫ѹӢЦ
ٺЦ̫û˼ˣĸ֣Ҳһϰֵ޵з
ӢôԼӣϿһͬ봫̨Ҳ롣
ˣ
̨΢΢һʧ١
С绹»ݱ̭˭Ҳ֪Ӣ۴׺ͼѾ뿪

⣬ѩ
˱գһâ˸󣬼ӢһȺӴ̨߳
Хл¶֮ɫ
ȥһƬãã磬ޱ޼ʣҫ۵İɫ̫ķԽ
Զһѩɽ˷ͨѩɽɣǹŰë磬˿õ
ء
ͻȻԶһ˻¡¡촫ݹһͷͷаɵİɫﱼ
ѩޣɵѩսǿ˵Ǳԭɸߵѩޣɱȼʥ˵
ѩӱ꣬ȻսپǵòҪ©ѩڵıǡӢЦ
Цϰ֣ôҲһ֮ѩ޵ıҲС
СҴ򣬲ƸҲ۵ġӢҪ򣬼ٺһЦ͵ȳ˹ȥ


632 
𣡡
ëѩƮƮԶһȺѩɫϮǵص켫أ鼸ʮ벽Ԫʿ
ѩȺӵ飬ڱ鳤ޣⱱѩûɣڲһűǣƱʥϼѲϡ
ӢۺϿΡȻɵѩ޻ǳ֣Сԡ
䣡
˹ϳȵĺããԭŰһɽХ֪˶ѩޣһſűڿС
һմӡӶ콵һͷͷѩ޷׷ѣһſű鱻ץС
Ҳչֳһλ콾Ӧеķɡ
ǿֻһֻ޴צɢϡϢ
һƬֱѩצ·׷ױѡ
ͷѩ̼䱻𣬼ӢۺϿصͷһЦϿ̾˾η
ӢЦ⺢Ӳס
ϿЦЦŽս˫ͬ׶һϳ̣ǲˡ
Сȡٿű飬Ӣ۴һӽȫˡ
ϰ֣̫ˣǰƴɱȴˡе
û취˭ǳءӢ۹һЦããûб߼ʵıԭĿ⺱¶һ˿أֵ߰ɣһ˱ԭ֮Ҳ̫ס
ΪȻ
üӢۺϿͬʱ֪ԭĿ£пµ顣

ХԭĺһԽܣԽߣԽǿ£ǰëŰأѰʿҲ̼䱻˾
ӢۺϿͥɢƵģããԭǲκӰ죬κηѩǰߴͻʧ٣ȴﲻ̶ȣֵֻë硣
ۿһͷаɵѩܳʳǰëһ޴ϾѿˣҪ֪ѩܿһλȻûнʥҲԶˡ
ѩΣҿ·ˡԼǧһѩɽİɽһѩΡ
ѩһ㣬ɢ΢΢ĹâѩѾãŵӤƵģͻͨ飬ɳΪҩ
Ӣۿһֹۣ˼Ҫժѩεͷ˵ӤģѩκǲףǳΪؼ飬ұʿմѪȴɱ޹֮顣
ͷֶЦСӣ㲻ѩԱһ׵󷨣ɴౣΪֹ
΢Ц⵹ѡ
óһ۷ѩȥԶԶȥյģȫ֪ѩεϢ
Ҳ΢΢Ƭָ̣˼ѪȥЦҵļξѪθһЩ
˶Ц
ʱǻ֪յһ»֮󿪻ǵǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ

һպǧıԭĿֲն׶סˣӢһ־Ȼûա
˴󾪣ķѩñԭΪһĿռ䣬ҿռӲ˾ȣӢ۵һ޷飬Ѿһ顣
䣡
һɫĹâӼԶ𣬽գһɫУɫϥһ𣬸ǧɣһɴķӵķ
ڵһͺ¿ôˣӢ΢΢һ
ɫ棬һͷǧɵѩޣѩŭѩŴ˹ȥ
󣡡
𿪿ڣ統ͷȣ˾΢΢һǴָһ㡣
ǧɵѩ޴ѣֻʣһűڰУһֻ־ߡ
֣ǷŵĸְɣϿʵ
Ӣ۵ͷЦڵһ棬ϺкȤЩͺ¿һ
֣㼴ʹ˵СɮĻҲСɮСɮƢãͲƽˡ
һº͵ʧһɮ˻Ϣʥ
һǰ˶
׺ͼ˵˵ͷһڹҲ쵱һλʥĲΪؽɣŵΪܵо
һΪл۸ӣֻ֮ȾƳ⣬Ůʿҹ̸ģǷŵĽͨͨһ顣
Щڣʵھһɮ۵£ɮ䣬һͬ۽
ǰִڣΪʿ֮һ
һ棬㲻ȥնܵ˵ŮʿôпˣӢ΢Цʵ
Цֲҡ
ҲΨмӢ۲Ÿ٩һ棬֪λ֮ɮ֮һ


633 ټ
һ΢΢Ц֣Ǻö겻㻹һϧСɮҪڵ֣ܺȾƳ⣬СɮѾôˣ㻹ô٩ĺ𣿡
ӢЦЦΪһнϿ
ͣһ治Ҵ⣬˫ֺʮСɮѡ
ʦˣʦҼɮˣǡе㲻һءϿЦ
ҲܺⱲӵ˺УϧѾҷֻܵһӵɮˡһЦЦһתʵλо𣿡
ס˶ˣһʦѰɮ˲ͬôһλ׵ֻڵٺġ
ǰóһƿƺһֻ
һ۾ˣæ˼ҾƣųԵֻ󳤳ĺһ⡣
ⳡӢ۶ۣڰҵҪˡ
ˮ£Ǿˮ¶ѡһЦǺǵν⴩Сɮĳ֮ǲᶮġ
ӢЦʵһ棬뱱ֹͻȻʲô
һ΢ЦĿ⿴ϿʩʵѣѰǰʬɣ
Ͽ΢΢һüͷʱ𣬳֪ʦкμ̣
һЦŰ֣˵Сɮʲôǰϰ𷨰˰꣬ѿ֪𣿡
ţ֪Ͽͷ
ǰ䱱ԭǷŲôţֻǻԲʱ˼ȴǰϣСɮѰػ
棬Ƿŵһλǿߣ֮µСɳ֣ڷִ֮ţഫһλ벽۵ǿߣǰྭ𾭣Ϊ档
Ȼϣ˲ɶһüͷ
һ棬ȻڱΪ֮ǰѰңӢʵ
һЦǷҲǸոյõϢǰڱŸ
ҲǸյõϢӢü
ǵģ֮ǰո֪һͷ
ӢۺϿһۣеˣƺڤڤ֮һֻĺ֣ǣͷ¹شŲֻһҡ
֮⣬Ż˰ɣӢЦЦ
һЦ˵ļǣСɮ֮⣬¡ŵĵҲˡ
׺ͼжȻ
ǿھȻˣ»ǻ洴ģȻڱȺбȻݡ
һ棬ѰǰʬģԻȤҲϣŲҪ磬ЩϣܴȺͺ¿Ⱥͺ¿۲ã̲ס֡
һЦǺǵֵĻСɮһµλʦƢǲãСɮҲǲǼֵġ
ӢһЦ
һ浹ҲʶȤûж̫ãһźʹ˱ӢۺϿɫȴ
֣ǰʬڱϢʲô˸֪ģӢ۳Ƭʵ
ϿҡͷЦҲ֪һλ֪֮ҵȣСѰʬ
Ӣ̾Ϣ۾ѽͷŹͬѵž޴ܣ
Ͽ˫Ŀһ˿ɫ˵ʲô˳ʲôĿģֻѰʬһŲһκˣ˭Ҿϲ⣬Ҳֲô
Ӣ΢Цҵһƣ˭ڰвٿһУܾûôˡ

֪Ҳڱ˭ҲҴ⣬Ⱥпɲʡ͵ĵƣǷɽͷͳΪˡ
޻һȺ˳Ųԭƽǵٶ죬ֻһֱǧ
һƬã̹ǵĺ綳ü졣
иԵʦּˡԶѩУһӰ³ţ֮ɫ
׺ͼɫһڡ
ģͺ¿
ɫƣЦӦʦǹеģѩˣµɮ˶ôɵ𣿡
˫ֺʮԼӢۺϿ񣺡λǰ
šӢЦЦͺ¿ͽܣĻ㲻
൭һЦʦҲСɮǰἰǰǰл۸ˣֻϧǰԸ
ӢЦЦҲ˵ǺϲģϧûбҴ
಻뼧Ӣ۳ʿ֮תͷף΢ЦʦܣԸ


634 
֮ɫϣĿ⿴ףգѩƺҪˡ
үɫһڣֱһ޴ĽâγһƬɫĹꡣ
ɫԽı࣬ƮƮ˺ʮɣһƬϡ
ƥȴܷɢȥû˵ֺ
ģһҲѾ˳ȥƺΣһӾǰһȭƵ
ŹȭƺƵһƲɵƣڵΪŨһȭһӶ
ɫ΢䣬׾ɱˣ٣Ͳµĺһᣬͨ
ٴαˣɫղŵıˣǱüأͻȻĳ
𣡡
·ŭֻ޴Ľģıߣҧ˹
ͨҧ顣
·ӡСͺ¿Щ£˵Ķҿܾˡ
Цл˵սԽԽǰһɽֽƵģ׷ױѣһؼȹ̣ûв
׺ͼԽսԽ£ʵ͵ֵס¼ͨҲѸѹơ
أ
ҵᣬһȭʹϣ۶ʱһƬ໹ûع񣬼ûƵĳһƾʹͷϣɣɽ֮С
䣡
ɽмȫǳǱǿ¶һ˿ŭ⣺λʩǲҪٱСɮˡ
ģǷᡣ
Ŵ򡣡
ֳ˹ȥ
ˡ
ͻȻͻȻӿһɺƴķһɴСķӡ
ӺЦ
࣬಻ϵСɳ֣¶֮ɫ˰Χ
λʩɣ
׺ͼ񵱼һХһֻȸڿգѩɫĴӡĳ
أ
౻ȫֹʱסˣһ˿Ѫ뵽֣գ۾ʧӰ١
׷˵Ϣһܸ֪ʵ
Цҡͷ˰ɣָжǿڸͺ¿ʵӦص˲š
ٺֱЦձһ٣ҲǺˬһ飬ģͿСͺ¿ˬˡ
ӢЦ𣿹˾ͽŸ·ҪȺǰˡ
ϰ֣˵뷨شһΣӮ𣿡ʵ
Ӣ΢΢һЦӮ˰ɣͺ¿ʵǿ󣬲ҡ
ȻܱӢô۵ˣ۹Ҳûмµֿĺܿ¡
ֶȷǰķλ𣿡ǧӢʵ
ϱ۾ϸϸӦþ֮Ѫе΢΢һ˵ڶжԶҲ޷Ӧ
ã
Ӣ۵ͷֶ˵ĳ׼أó
šһ˦ó׼硣
ӢЦԭƵߣĥһҪıˣǵøȺͺ¿ǰҵǰʬǰʬ޼֮Ⱥеõ²׽
Ͽϸֳһ˿ɫôɱ
Ӣ΢΢һЦҪżǻһҵǰʬղŵˣվ£ҪǴѹĹǲͬġ
Ͽжʱһ
֪˼Ӣ۲죬ʼԴ£ղŵĻȷЩˡ
м仰ĳҲͷģҲǵʬ¡ϿĬƬ̣Ц
İɡӢļ
һȺϳ׼磬Ӣ۽΢΢սʱһâʧԭء
ٶȣ˲˼顣
Ѿ˳׼ȫܣսԭǲٶȣӢۼԦǿþס
һձ֮ң
һ·Խѩɽ;µѩҲɼӢԳֶԸ
ٴμʶֶΣͷǧɵѩ·һƾʹ÷顣
ǿµֿµ£׾ǵĺͯǳС
պ
һƬ嫵ıǰȴһ𣬼ؽеҸӦϢڱ档
˶һ
׼ڰУһƬǳݺǧҪӱҳʬҲס
䣡
һ̣ӢۺϿһͬˡ
ʥϢƥغ˶ɸߵľˣֻ̽ȥ
ܲУױȵѹʮء


635 ħ
ɵľͨɢϢԭռʹټӲƥҲʼŤĻûѡ
Ͳٿų׼ܳȥԶҺüӢۻһסǣܳȥǧҲᱻʥˡ
ϵġóҾƣʳ׺ڴ϶
˵ֵڣȡҪ嫵ķǵʵֶûʸ
䣡
ֻ޴£ڻֱֻ̽УҪѰʬ
ӷ𣡡
ͻȻԶһţͬһֻ޴ƴҲֱû뵽С
Ӣȵأԣ
һ޴ķӳУƣһɳڷдƺƴ
ֺþòˣԣֻȡػ˼Ӱˡ
ʦ֣ӭػǷÿһλɮ˵ı֣ʦǰףһ֮
һ࣬һеɫƣһ޴Ľ޺Ϣƥ
ϣǽڵĿϺУû뵽ϺҲˡԵͣһ
᱾̨һδǳλʦֲҪŭСɮֵֻġ
һЦе̤ϥУһɫסأԷֵĴҲס
ڣôλʥڣǧĺ治ϵСֻںװнϾһƬղϵı
𽥵ʧֻһĹĺˮȻĸɸɾ¶ǧɵĺס
鶼ѾһͷǿĺޣѾɳΪ벽ҲͬһΪ촷ۡ
ţʲôûС
ѵĸӦ𣿡
׿յģûʬҲҲǿλʥջƣɫ
ڵһվŵؽеԲܣӦڴ˵ء
Ҳ΢΢һüȲҪȿǵĿ
û뵽ӴˮһգﲢûлְҲǰװһˡ
λʥεȶǺײûκ󷨣ǾƲῴģҲ˵ʬĲ
Ӣ۾ϸϸźףԽԽ֣ͻȻɫһ䣬ȵϵˡ
ôˣϿæʵ
ӢĿ¶һĨɱȷһֻϧǼײƿۡ
ףӢۻһ٣ֺһ
æ˹ȥ
㿴һۣܷ񿴵ѰӢ۶׵
ǡ
׿տյĺףûиеκȴһɹĸо·һͷƵģǳĸо
ˢ
ѰۣѰȥд
⡭ѵطħǴ˵е󷨣塢żλܹͬĴ󣬲áѵӡһаĴڣ׾е
ڳλʥɫȫ
һıһԤıܾõıӢ۶ûǰֱ˿̲ŸеԾ
طħǺܹϵһ󷨣󷨷ǳرŽ塢һλܣһλܹͬоġ
˭Ҳ֪Ҫַӡʲô򲻵塢šͬʱ֣һͬʱ֣Ļ¡
λǰ˭Ҳû뵽ֱصطħһȺ˲ȻԾ

䣡
ضһԶıԭͻȻȺܲһͻȻ˺ѣǿϢӵ
һаϢǵأ˱ɫ
Ӣۻֽ׼绤⣬ɫޱĮȻ
ģ׳ʲô飿ɲ
׳֪˾ԲѣһıѾõı
ɼһ޴Ӱںʱʱ֣һЦޱߵаϢ⡣
ٴνˣû뵽ɣһͨȼźɫӰ֣Ϣ죬ǿֲޱ޼ʣҲһ벽ǿߡ
λʥɫһ䣬뵽ʲôˡ
ı棬ħ磬ͻϵģӢ俪ڡ
˶ȫһ𣬶¶֮ɫ
𾪵ı飬ǰδģ˶ݵĴ͡
ģҲ٣ûɣħ磬İħôģôͻϵģ϶˵
һҶԼҡźһֵͬģҲûһʵȻǰħ鵽ˣԵѼˡ


636 
ħ磬һʧʷе֣弸ˣΪħ粢֮С
ţ棬У己ܴУ֪Ѿ˶ꡣ
ľͷ֮󻹴棬ﵮ˺ܿµ飬ħ硣
ͷŸĵطÿʱÿ̶ȥЩ֮ǰԹͻᱻգġħ͵ˡ
̫ŵʱ򣬰ħͻɱЩ壬֪жǿԡѪսŽħ˻棬ͬʱǿߵѪϣ֤ħ粻͵Ϯ
ʵϲħ壬еĻȪʼħڣ밵ħһĹϵ˵µĴУΪԭ򣬻Ȫʼħںħɴڣûб塣
ħ类ӡ֮ŵ棬̫һʧдͱ˻֣ŵ»Ĺ嵱Ѫʳ
Ĺ˭Ҳ޷ĥġ
ʱ꣬ħѾΪ˵еĹ£Ȼ˭ҲûϵȺȻٴγ֣ڱ

ħ壡
ڵĿ΢΢һ̶ŭǺôĵӣ

ɫУаӰЦħͷξҪٴǡ
󵨣
ŭһطɳվŭ⣬ϯء
һ̾Сɮ̫ùˣôСɮǣѣСɮ֮ħˡ
ƾǼֻСආǺӰмһЦѾ޵ߣ˭ħĶ֡
Ӣ΢΢һüͷȵһǵδԽģѵħͶǣ
ħ屾Ļ֣ϧ̫ʼ壬Ҫһλᡣ
غɫڣһаӰ֣ϢȫǿĲ˼飬Ϣչ
ӷ𣬳ħҵȱ֣ǼȻԼҲҪˡر˵һţȵħĳħ
ӷ𣡡
ǧСɳ̷ţ嫵ķסޱߺһ

ǺӰЦһֻһƵѹصħɳ𣬻һѪ

ͺһλϺѣͬ֡
ҿǱһѩʱգʥһ֣򶼲ˡ
ӢۺϿҲͬʱ֣λʥû˿ѣʱջޡ
ߣ
һصĺɫڣħǿ֣߳һʱѣʮ̼䱻һ
ͱӢ۱ӵıڡ
ģħҲ̫ˣȻʼԴǶ֣ѵ֪𣿡£ݺ
ɫ࣬ǼȻҳ֣Ȼ̣ԽԽ̫ƽˡ
ǰδеĴôоǰδеĴˡҲ̾Ϣ
Ǵ٣ⳡٻĻˣҲ֪ٹʲôģҡͷ
ʢı裬콾ΪӦⳡ٣ϧֵʸûСй

䣡
ӢɫĮͻȻһɿµĲµĲɲǼʹǡ
һ籦У

ӰŭеȻŵǰвõķ󣿡
ޱλʥ˻ֻսƬ̣ǶˣħȻʮλʥʹʵǿҲһˡ
籦סأƺƵһɨħ˻ɣȻûлǺɫ档
䲻֪˭ĻҵҲϵһıĳϧֻܴŵˡ
Ӣ۷˾סķǬħ簵вõĴ
Ҳ޷ڲش˵صϢɲǼʯͨ˽⵽ࡣ
ǰħ磡ģȺȻЯȥ󣡡
ħ磬ߣ浱۸𣿡ʵڣһӰɳס
ң֪
ɱ
Ӱ򱱼ԭ
һ̣𶯣
в֪ϸ˶ɫ⵽Ƿ˺£ôͻȻӦĲ
ѵǿ˲ɣ
ںǿƣλۣЩʵӰЦһִһɫֻͨһԺֽˡ
䣡
Ӣû˵ͷһֱײ˹ȥ


637 Ĵ
䣡
ɢâѹʮأڲڻǿµиܵ˵
ʱӢȫֻ֣Ҫܻɱħ飬±Ҳϧ
ɴСһһƬɫ֣ĺɫϨ𣬲֪жħ
壬ȡ
ǺӰŭһźɫӴ³ס˵ɱһ˵ɫԱߡ
ĵ𣿹鱾ˡ
䣡
ͻȻǺɫ̽һֻ޴ĺֲ֣ƥϢҪٵʼԴǡ
λʦ֣ȶסϢɢһȵ
ãص˵ͷȵ׷׳ֶסķǬ
ˢˢˢ
ʱһӰԶٷȫһʥЩʥ˴˼û˵ǺĬĳ֣嫵ķƽػס
ɲǼ䣬мʮλʥˣһȺʥǿֵܵסɢ
ӢۿŴڳֵĺɫ֣ɫԽĮ˫һıѪȫϡ
õҺ˵ľѪϢԽĿ£磬·ȫ漤Ƶġ
أ
ǺɫĴȴǲ壬һ·ݿƵƳƣҪߡ

Զգһը죬һ貵ĵâ磬ͬЯϵĵ
ڼӢ۵һߣֳ쵶һХħ磬Ǻôĵӡ
âƺɫ֣ȴûʲôˣɭЦȻͬѰֻЩСȴӲܣȫ鱾ˡ
ħ磬ʲôʱеʼԴǷˣ
һĮһϵ֣߳·뵽֮Уһ龳ǿߡ
߱һӭƮչ뵵תɢӵϢ
ȥһ˿âĴ컯ǧɴСǺɫֱһˢ
һϵƣһˢ֮ƺݻһƬƬ򣬱Ѿ˹ȥ
ӢۺҲͬʱ֣һ𹥻ǿԻĹ׳١
ȻֻмӢʥ嫣߲һתӲǺɫĴ֡
䣡
Ȼ黹û꣬һ澵ӳڿУǾͨͭɫһԵĹâǾվһλˡ
һƬȵĹâ˸Ǻɫڳһƺߣһݵ֮ʱֽ̡
ɱ
Ӣ۵Ļô뿪ͬ߶ɱ˹ȥ
ϧǺɫѸٹرգǵĹȻ˽ȥҲ֪ɱǿµĶ֡
ʮλʥǺķȫסûñ𣬵ĴɢҲѿֵסˡ
Ӣ۵뱱λʥ
ֳִߣ¹ҵһλ棬ϵĵȻ¹ǵƾ̣졣
ֳֵһǷҵļкȻǷҵĵ̫ɾ
֣﾿˺£֮׳ʵ
Ͽʩ˵Ͱɡ
λǣʵ
Ͽ
ԭĵ֣ʧԶӭһȺʥҴ⣬׷״к¹ҵҲ΢Цס
Ͽ񣬽ľ˵һ飬ŵλҲ伸䣬뽥ˡ
ˣѵɶ𣿡¹λ泤̾ĿգҪȥϿһˡ
ľͷʥҲ޷ﵽҲҪ龳ǿִ߲ܵ
ӣ忪ᡣ¹ȵ
һȺ˶û飬ħһڷǱѰһʲô©ϯ磬ʱ涼ٲ֮ء
ϷӣӱɽУӱȥһ˲ɽ¹һ
ȥɡӢ˵
ǺǣСɮҲԸһͬǰһЦ
ҲͷҲ㼧һͬȥ
Ͽ˵ȻйأԵ߾ȫ
һȺʥϸڣħϮʼԴԼǵ̫ǳսۣһ·Ҫпս̫أ̫ĵߡ
ԲŻһ겻񣬶Ȼǿʢ۷ʱڻԶһλ߶ûС
˵壬嶼ûһλߣһħϮ潫޷ֵ
Ҫİ취ӣǿؾһٴηӡϡ
λǾصǷӡһ𰵺ħ壿ôѡｵ٣ӢۿźףĿ
طħԲ޵ķʸֻҵΪʱռзеķӡ֮ءһţҲ


638 ȡ
һȺĬȻǿǹʵǿһˣԺ׻޼ƿʩ¹濪ȥ۲죬Ҳ޷ҵӡħʱա
Ӣ΢΢һüͷ˵һ˿ԡ
˭ʵ
ӢЦЦ˷ų
ˢ
һȺʥ˴ؿܣһȺʥžԲһ飬Ƕʱһâ̱ĸо
ǺǣԭСѡЦˡ
΢Ц񣬿ôʥָۣ֪ĵȻûпղһսҲ֪Ϊ˱˰ħ磬ӢǱȻŬ
ףѰܲӡħʱ𣿡Ӣʵ
λǰҾһԡ¹شײҴ⣬˫Ŀͱɳɫź׿ȥ
ǧĺ׷ǳƽûһ˿Ҫ׾Բһʱ飬׽һƬƬɫʼϸס
ڴڼ˶û˵ֻмӢΪӳ˼ߣգ۾ȥ
ۣ
һھѪͷڷûףľ˾ЦѰҲ޷޳Ѱʥʦпܡ
¹ĬָһһöҩŵڵģЧȻӦ̨ѾΪˣϷҲֳϹ˽𡣡
ЦЦлǰʳöҩƬ̺ڴ¡¡죬ʢѪʥԵͷ
ϷɣһְħӰϷҲֵܵһͻȻ˵
ǺǣҲ°ɡ
һ
û밵ħ˽֣Ҫ¡

һʱ䣬߰λʥԸڱֹħٴͻϮ
¹ɫƽһӣ˻һ̫գϷҲ¡
λ龳߰λʥݿλãʹҲо޴ķա
ħĿֲ˶ȻѡҪս׼Ǿһľ
Ӣɫ£ǾһҴӲɽ֮Եλ֡
ʥҲ׷׾Ϲ˵λʮ꣬ʮ֮ҵǰ档
ʥ΢Цǵ鶼ܵȻѾֻΪһЩܼ顣
ȣؾһʥˣ֮ҲλǰΪ壬޾Ϊʥߡ
һʥˣ֮Ҳ仰ҵȻ㡣ЦȵҲҲ߲ɵü棬ȡ塣
ٴξϹ˻񣬲ȥζԸħһ¡
¹ֳֵرλ龳أȻһķգӦԱ֮
λǰһǿԽɴ󽫴˵֣Σ٣Ҳɵֵһ˵
СٲáǺЦ
ǰ֮ױȭü֣ʼһɱ
衢ϲȫóЩʥ۲Ͷŵ֮С
һȺʥͷ΢ЦӹÿһλŽ嶼µˣĪĹףһĽˣΪĴУʧԼ档
ãããޡ
¹ɫӣò¹Ӧ̨ױȽһȻóĽȴܾɥ
¹Ӧ̨ս£ڵʵǶ֣û㿪ء
жδĳɾ;ͻж
׽յľٶҲӮڳʥ֮ͣУѾ˼ʮλʥɽ
㲼ҹ֮գǧһƬ֮ɫ½ɱ
ֽ˴У˷׷߽ȥһţȻһ죬ʧؼ䡣
ʵɴڣһλ龳ܣλʥǿ֣龳ǿôȥҪ䡣

һȺ뿪ӢҲ׼ǰɽ
ش䣬ֲ컯ɾٴҪĥһӣΪĴ׼Ͽ̾Ϣ
ӢĿ㣬ħ֮ǰʧܹһΣһΣȻʧܣû۴ڣۺʵȴǴӹǿģ¿սҲη塣
ӷ𣬶Ҫľӣ֪ͨ壬ǰħٴϮϢ֮ӡϡ
Ӣ۵ͷ׿һ۲ã޾޾ֲҲʧġ
ṳ֮̂·ǻȥһպһ̤ǰɽ
Ҽǰɽǰǰ컯ɾΪħ鵣ǡӢֶ˵


639 ָϺ
պ󣬼Ӣ۴ǷѴС磬صʧǰҵҪ¡
ϿҲǣҪ£ϿɵλݣǱħ帽ˣߥʼԴǣЩħóѣҺλǿЯɱס˾档
ġͱϿֶ׸пһ䣬ʱ̭ѾСĲǧˡ
Ҳоһ˿ȸУ˵֪ܸǶʱ䣬Ҹоħġ
׵ЦǵȻģҵļһ仰仰˼˵б仵ĿܣֿжСܻᷢħξ㱻ӡһҲٴɱ컯ɾΪһӣΪδĴ׼
ЦСӵǿúܿһʱҪ׼һ׼ȥʲô
컯ɾ飬Ѿ׼ʣͳȥһЩ֮⣬Һͽ𽣶컹һǧλһǧһļǮ
Ŀ΢΢ƽ˵컯ɾ֪Ҫ꣬ҴڼȽӻ̫ɽ
΢΢һ¶սı飺ָϺ𣿺ã֧㣬ģ;ò
΢Цһû㹻İȥȳοԽ컯ɾһ¸ѹ
Ц̫ˡ
ЦոƨҵŮˣҵƢѾܺˣҴ֮󣬱ضҪȥһ⡣
Ц֧㣬ΰħϮҾȻû˹ĵүһǣҺȥͲǺˣƺһо𣿡
š
Ŀ΢λҵʥӱȻĳֹŹֵͨɲ⣬Ҫ¹Ӧ̨ǿ̫ˡ

׺ͼûжԺҷѣҾ׵ĵߣһպСڱһϢȡ컯ɾ֮󣬽ӭȢϺҵĹ
Ϣʵ㲻̫ĺ䶯ʵұңҪӭȢҵĹҲǺƽ顣
֪ȴɫأкϷˡ
꺫ҾٰʢĶʯʢ䣬֮˶У񺫸ҪӭȢⲻҪ׵
Žôô
ڵĽ壬ԶǵܱȣͷֱƸĹҵʥӣʵսɲ⣬
컯ɾȻһҲǷǳΣգÿһοˣв콾Ҳ¹Ѫ˵
ʥɲ⣬Σգ컯ɾҲ̫˰ɡ
棬зɵܣ˭۲Ц
˺ȴѾ뿪Ϻ֮Ĵ飬Ѿõͨ컯ɾʵҲΪҲ㹻ıŵõ
ǿƬСڵ˵ع콾ƼҲ㡣
պ飬λȥȱϲưɡ
Ļ񣬵һҪŶ
ҪӭȢϺƯӣٰƴĻ񣬵Ѽǵ׼ʱμӡ
һȺڷȫ׷Уʹ֪һ˿˵ĹϵΣѵŽ廹ƻĹźҲɣ
ʵϣĸҡ
ڶһ磬ұίẫλǿȥҲû˵κԭǹʸ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪҵȣѵҾô͵𣿡ҵǿȻ壬ȵ
ǵۿ֪ǽ㹻ıԶһ컯ɾҪЦ󷽵顣
ѵ뺫Ϊ𣿡Ҳкҵʿȡ
䣡
ޱʥҳһλʥ磬κ˽ֻͣǱǣв޻ȥɡ
͵ôˣǼ̫Ե˰ɣ˾
ʥЦ뱾ŲƷ£ֻǺЩìܣЩ׺ģǲҲó
Ȼǽ塣˴ŭȵ
ɣ
ʥЩִһӽǸϳС磬ȻһԴ¡
ϲϲңɣ֮ҵӭ
һȣС磬ڴ£һӦеķӦ


640 ұϧһս
ŽҪȥϺף¸ס쫷ƵѸٴǸأɽ鱩һ㣬ˡ
ĹźңǲĴУļ֮һа겻࣬ȻеǿҲδǺҵĶ֡
Ȼ䣬ӵеȻۣȻƵļ壬û˸ǵϡ
ϺſΪϺʼϺôֲ˹һ壬Ȼ˸ȥף
ңδޡ
˷ڣ֮ԱǣΪѰ·ŽЩȻʢվСֱʿһλʥ߾Ϳ뺫ԣֱǲ
һŭΪգһѽ
֣Ҿõһ׳գǧ꣬һΪɵŽ壬嶼ҪΪƫƫʱȥƺңǲ֪ν
ԴĽ壬ҾԲŹţԼͿ塣
ô˵ĵʵ̫ˣŮ˱ߣȥ𣿸𣿡

һƬ߷ܰȻѾǰףȻҪʼǿߡ
֣ԻȥĳΪƽƽʲ̰֮ұʿֵܶȥƽ͸һѪᶨ
ҹųǹЦǺǵִ磬ҪҶˣһ
Ϸ΢΢һЦ˵ԹˮݣҼȻ̾ϺΪɽһԵȥһᡣ
̾һЦԭǲǺģţҲȥǲˡ
ֻмû˵ֻһЦ
Ѿ˵ʲôǱ֣֮Ҳԥһȥ
ЦЦԼһȺֵܣзǳֵܣѡ
ȻŵΪᣡ
ôһȺֵ飬޺
ããҵֵܺϧһսǱȥһ룬ҲҪǺ֪ϺҲǲ˫Ѿʣ˻ȵ
ģ飬ǺȾưɡһӣ̳ӾƳ
һȺ˴Ц׷ױ̳Ӻ

һ嫵磬мλϵĴڴиֳһӰֻǾͶӰ֪ڶ֮⡣
٣ۼҪȥ򺫼ءһλЦкǽ
Ҳһƺҵĵ̣ȺСţǺ˵ŮˣҲȷʵô򡣡
Сͷܲٵܸ֮ıս֡
ټ٣ЩСһĥһҲǺõģЩ̫ˣҲôһˡ
ٺٺ١
ϵĴڷһЦʧӰ
ͬ黹ڷҡңҷԵһЩǼĵӲ
ֺͶҹжϵɵ壬ҲҪ׷һΡ
ǿǻֲ̫ʵھסڼҵĵִ̣Ҳ
ˣһɣǲҪͷǣܹС֮ķЩ϶ѵˣ
գĸֺֻ߲ͬͶҹ״Ϻ
ʱһξ͹
󣬰ǰͳǰϺſе䳾Ϻſ֧׵ж
װȰ˻ȥҲ֪ʦֲߣ
ʧ֪ȥʲôˣʱü۽ɼϲɫҲûжʡ
գۣǵ˵졣
ؼң
׵һȺֵܷϺ״ȵ𶯾죬ʿѾϺ
һ޼ʵĴ󺣣߼ʣսɿ컮Ϻʻȥ
ǶȥμӺĻġ
ˢ
׼Ϻϣ׵һȺֵվڴͷһذݣĿ⡣
廹ˣ˲á
һȺ׳գˡҧгݣЦ
ӿһս۳ڴϣ׼ٶȸ죬û߳Զͱˡ
䣡
һȺЦǵȥ·ȫǺҵſмͷɣ֡
壬㵱ǲ֪ȻϺѰ˴ȣüĶڷ⣬ʾǿΪ
Įȵգ
䣡
սķǳͻأ׸ûжķϻֱӴӳ׼Ϸɳֱǧݺᡣ

ȺЦͻȻȥȻһʥʥܺƵƥһشǧɸߵĺڿա
ЦһȺС󣡡
أ
ǳһɳֱײ˹ȥ


641 
䣡
ǳɢܣɴСֱײ˹ȥǼʥֱӱײ÷ɳȥɫĮļ֣һֻֻСȥ
ۣ
ߣ
һƺ⼸λȫѪˣмȫѣһͷС

״𣬺ڷƮһս˫Ŀ磬ǿѪҡϣ˲Ŀ
սʥߣʵ̫ˣʹȥƺҲѰ·
ҵ뿴һôѪϺģƻĹҵϣ֪İ׳ա
û׼绯һԶȥٶȿ÷˼
һȺ콾վڼװϣһɫ㶼ƽɲĻĹźңҲûη塣

Ϻҵء
һµĹ뷿ڣǳɫ˿ѣ㷢ջӣۣ˼£ޱ飬ɫвһ˿ϲ֮ɫһ˿Ƿϵľ
ŵƽʵϲ죬ԵôĲȺ
Ĺ뷿ڻмλ֣ȫҵĳǿĮȻı飬һ
㣬㡣ŵŵŵһܲ洫һλݵŮ
Ůأ¶ŵɫǿһļλ֣촽㣬Ϻˡ
ȫһ˫ֲԾճȭͷ˭ˣ
ףŽףѾϺˣˣˡŮؽе
䣡
ȫ·𱻳ƵģȫһȻ¶ϲ֮ɫỺӣ૵ҵˡˣûңûҰ
λȴüͷжͷ
Žô󵨣ȻϺףǲҪ𣿵ǿԼŮ˫λֶһ˿ڴ
棬Ȼ壬λּæסһλæ˵ڼﵽǺҵˣǧܳȥһʱӭ׵Ķˣб¡ȥװɡ
Ҳ֪ԼھԳ岻ȥȻȥɫдһ˿ǣôǺҵĶ֣׻ûģҲô˽
ˮͻȻڵ
Ůɻؿһۣʵôˣ
ȥװɣҪȥˣҡҲ뺦棬޵÷ǳġ
ˮ󼱣㣬ѵ޸һӵҸŽĿԴ뿪ء
뿪ô뿪ϺǺҵأ˵Լǽ𽣶ڻĹźǰҲǲһġЦ࣬оһ˿֮ɫȥ
㡣
ȥ˻ȡ
ˮضһ½ţҧ촽ת뿪
һЦиֳײ˰ΣԼĳе鰮üλ̾
ɣ޷ˣϣ±㣬ģǲ޸ģңȻһŮӣҲúЦġ

ಡ
׼绯۳ϺϣڿС硣
СУ˿ڴ󿪣ϵĽһֵľ
˭ס
ˢһλŮסǡ
Ů֮ɫĿ⿴ˣֺһˮã˭ס
ǡƽ˵
Ůؿһۣ˵壬Щ߰ɣҽ㲻Ը㣬ѾҪˡ
Сȥžءü
ҽ˵ǲǺҵĶ֡Ů
΢΢һЦͻȻһָһ͵ŮŻشڡ
㣡
䣡
״ȣСھͳ˹ȥ
ŭڣȫѪ£ֱӳȥҲѾ׼ս׼

䣡
ʥ֣߳ɫʥƺƵϯʮء
壬ôĵӡһλʥŭȣȥ̡
ŭ𣺡ȻңҲ뿪磬鷳ˡ

׵£һλӰӳ׼ڷɳµϢͻͷ
䳾Ϻſܣ
˾˶ûϵŽ徹Ȼ뵽ϺſΪͷλպգȻֻһλ뻹ڰС
䳾
һλʥĿɭҵͽ𣿡


642 Ϻ
嫵Сڣ׵뺫ʥ߶ţ䳾գӴʥأЦĿ⽥ú䣬¶һĨڽ֮ɫĺʥˣǴܣר鷳ġ
Ҽʥɫһ¶֮ɫȻŽѰվͳȫ㡣
䳾¶ķ֮ɫЦǾʹսһɣѣӵʵϺˡ
ǿͣǽͻȻһСڴͬʱһ޵Ϣ
Ϣƺ΢ʵ̺ſֲܣ˱ɫ
˵ߣһ龳ܡ
䳾ɫҲ΢΢һ㣬٣ϤϢģɣ塣
ǣ
ʥ߹ӦȻɭɭؿ䳾һۣһȥ
СڣƣϹͷɺǿɢ޶ˣǴ£ҽӵϲĶ
ǽ𽣶ҲˣԶԶؿһ׵ˣɫƽǴС硣
߰ɣֳֻĿռûеӳֹҲȻƻֻҪ̤ȥֻܿˡ䳾һЦףֵܣ𣿡
ЦⱲӻẦºܶණΨƫƫ
ҲЦüɣ֮дֲЩ콾ԣֻزֲ

Ƿس׼磬޴սʻǴС磬˷׷׿˻ûмףһεǿԼ
ֵĵҵ֪ǿеȴУ޼Ҫʧˡ
һԼʮɣ粨ƵĽڿУҶɵ΢Цһ˿
Ҷ֮⣬׻һλˣȻ쵶ŵƣλµĻʼ塣
ƵɫģĿ⿴ʱһ˿ɱƺŵҰ׵Ρ
׻û˵ָҶ־ñǣٷϻһ䣬ھͳ֣ʲôƨҲʶĻ
ϷҲһ뿪
ҶЦЦû⣬ɫһҲûжŭ
ȻԸȺˣ˵ηǼٵģЩÿһλȫ
ֺαضŭǽŴֻҶĳֻ³ĵһعڣԲᵷҡ
Ҷ΢ЦƷ˽ȥ
϶ֳһ˿ɷϷƢ𱬣¶һĨɫһὫҲһˡ
׵ȻһЦԺлᣬǽȥɡ
׼绺ڴС磬һ˲ǰľ΢΢һ䣬Ȼɫ
ãⲻͨĶ츣أǺ֮һǵ꺫ۿٳ졣䳾ɫ䣬͵
޺޵ؿܣһĴɽɸߣȺɽбڣһֻֻڿзƵģ߿ʻƮ䣬ľɫλã˿
洦ɼҩڻ԰УһͷеɢȻϢºͣȴһǿĲ
ȻǴѪ룬Ȼǰ벽ľ磬ǧɣͻȻһۣͭ˫һ˿ɱ
ȻЩҪģǳԾֲȹʥǿҲ͸ա
Ƭռ䣬Գʥǿߵս
һ˸ĹգǷ׷׸˹ȥǺó׵ĵط
׼磬һֵ
䳾òҪ£Ҽ֮գǲϣѪ¼ʥסǽŲ˵
䳾һЦС²صʦôˡ
ߣ
ʥߣɭɭؿף壬ҲðһЩ
ɫĮû⼸ʥߣֱ
ƽؿźҵһʥߣ·
ʥߴżɵĿ⿴һ۰λʥΪԽͨ仹ûнΪҲ𾪺ܶˡ

ǳĿݻ˼£ǧǰϲ˿ӵ
һ˵ĵĿȥ
ŽˣѵһҴ˵أ
ҿδأŽҲСֱʿԺȻҲֻܵͷŮ˼޸ˣ˵Ҳ湻ġ
ٺ٣Щ̫ˣܿȻ񣬵Ҳһ顣ֻ˵
˭ڶ죬ӽƢǺܺãöҡ
ϷЦһȺС󡣡
ŭĿӣмվߵĳݺס
Ϸ˶Ѿ֪Ȼɲ⣬ĹżҺͻɽһֲͬޱȡ
ʱȺɷ𣬾ҿԡ


643 
ûʵĴｻһƬַǷľ󣬸ַڴݶϲ졣
һڽֱ֣ŮҪһЩҾƺͺʣ˵ĴԴţһҲš
û˿˶֪ȺƵģûԸմϹϵƽױҼǺޡ
ͻȻ
һΣӢǷĺ߳Ǳ׼ɷΣЦݣϵضһЩʹк
ġһ
ɫƽɫغžƣûҲûжŭ
ûг֣καʾ
Ҳ׵ˣһ˿׾ɭ֮ɫɱһš
ҵʥȻڣ˫ĮӶǣһʲô֮ģ⼸ʥ߻ϳ֡
ˡ
ͻȻһͬʱʷ滨ӿн䣬׵һĿŴŷ
ͷ˫ڣŴɫĳۣڼֵĲ¿һ裬˽
壬ñ𶯡
ʥƵĳǰضһȺˣҼǻ뿪ͱҶ
ʦ֣ˡ
Ȼ¶ˣвŵһŭҲ޷ƣŰ˰ݡ
㾡ȥԼ顣ƽ˵ͬʱһӣǰ켫أɲǼ侪˲Ŀ
˭ҲûϵȺĳˣںҵ֮һȻ֣ƻĹң
Ҽʥ߾㶼ɫصĺˣһȺʥΧסȵ֣ĪҪ󡣡
ɫĮȻȻ˶оһɸҲܸоɢһĨȻ񾲡
ȻѾ̫һľ裬ȰƽߵøԶѾԲһĵز

ûȥǼʥߣһ߹ȥ
ͷڵŮȫһðβһӰѷӳȥ¶һžա
ף
ޣҲûѹԼУٴμİˣȻȥҲ޺ˡ
ϣʹֺη
Ѿ¶˾ģȻ֪ջ᳹׵ﺫңԼļϺҲ޷㣬޷˵վ
ֻҪټһ棬Ҳ¡
ؼҡ׳ХĿᣬڷ٣󲽳ȥ
䣡
ʱˡ
ɫ䣬µסףӢһ˿ı顣
ףĪҪȥ㲻ȣֳһںڶɢֲޱȵϢ
˶ȥΨ꼰㡣
鷳ˡûẫǴ
Ϸ˶һĮȻصںǰ⣬һӿȵѪͷų˶һ
֮£Ѿ˿ơ
ЩҪֺңҪֺĻ
ĿؿżˣǶ˲ɣ
ֵ˵󻰣ӳϵĶֵ֣һ֣׵鷳ȹһء
ıͻȻĮȻѰѾǻᡣ
䣡
δ䣬ʥ֣߳ʥֱ˼ˡ
ģҪһȺʥ۸ˣӿȥˡ䳾һ䣬֣㵹ɳȥ嶼ˣѪС
һɫӰ䳾ԭվĵطһɻɬµϢǵء
һʥ
ңڳʥ
ʥһ䳾ðĿ⿴С꣬ɡ
ԶɫӣŸɫһ䣬ĿͻȻұߡ
һλƾճ֣ͬŻ£ؿĮȻƽҲ𣿲Ҫ󡣡
ʥǺộ
ȥʥѾסûԮֵĻᡣ
ʱѾƷˣҺǳǷȺʥҲûɱ֣һɫήңҲ˲Сˡ
ήڵϣͿȳһѪȻҪ𣿡
ž
һƳȥˣһҵĻ£ǻܻžͺܲˡ
˵꣬ףŰϢӿ˹ȥ壬û뵽ĵô󣬼ȻѰҾͳȫ㡣
Ӱȵ

ʥߺȵ
ɱ
Ҷҵ֣֪ܳĶ
䣡
ͻȻһɲбӴױȵһɲǾϯ죬ǹɫ䡣


644 ʾ
أ
棬춯ذɿµĲڽţµϢ¡¡죬ȻĿռǳļӲս˫սʵڿ£еƬձ״򴩡
Һãս˫ĿѾﵽ뻯ľ磬ÿһԶԷûжй춼Ҫݻ١
ƮƮİٴεȻػصУ˫ĿâźеӰ
״˿̣Ѿߵߣƾܺˮ죬ѣûйϵ
ף
ޣϣɵĺɵΪʲôҪգҶҶ
Ѿ״ΣĿţͷѹõУزѾʲô
ףҲֻס
ǵóһ˲ĶѾΪ㡣
ޣҴؼңҲ޸ˣҲסҡĺ󱳣§
˫Ŀӵˣ޵ɫ綾һ̼顣
һǰδеķһըѣһХӰڣɱ֮С
䣡
һǿӰڴڣʮλεҲԪ죬ʥ
ʥ棬Ǹ
˶ӰڵڶܻȱȱʹλʥҲ޼¡
գȹˣ
ͻȻһϵ𣬽Ŵȱŭ𣺡ѫҶҳ֡
ۣ
˶оǸһӱˣδ֪һӰɽȫѪ䳾ߡ
䳾Ѿ£壬˿ۿѣ磬û°ɣ
ǵɽķӰϺڶܻȱȻ˵Ϣǿû䳾ض⡣
һСӰڴſڣ߽
ȻСȴһǿʥϢҪǵһ·ǳתһ޿ƥеϢѹ˶
ǰ
˱ͣ
ӰҲʥڶ档
İСɫͻȻ׿һۣ׶ʱ׻һĪȫ飬ۡһһھѪɳȥ
һҪ
䣡
û˵ĿⶸȻñޱȣȻԵȻһ˲Ҳɱ
ѫһ۰ƽ˵Ҳٳ֣ͷСвףҲ뻵ǧĵС
һԲڷ裬ӴϢգһڳС
ˢ
һѤõĽ⣬â磬ɢһٲ뵹ѫ
ߣ
ѫߣһֻϵǰ̽ȥ
һ磬ɢĴϢϵıһӾĥеĽ⣬Ȼûɢһ˿һϢֻذܣ̲סĤݡ
ҲĿռ䱻ۼӳֹƬˣͬڳͶữ촷ۡ
𣡡
Х޼£Ǵһѹȥÿһָӣ㲻ĴϢ纣
䣡
ƵԳ˱壬һͷɵ꣬Ѿ޷ŴǿµϢѹǶѿ
ҶϷ֣ǧĵСѫЦӡȥ
Ҫ
״󼱣˲ͻǹĶȫһȥʮ⡣
ߣ
ЦӰһ͵ǰһںڶȻмɵˡ
ףľȱҰܣȻھлС͵˰ɡ۾ס
䣡
Ȼ˿̣䣬һֻɫָͳУָһǲƵ
ǿֲѹһʧžŭһֳ̫һӰĽ⡣
ѫɫһӻǵ⣬ĿһαŴ棺ҹ֣Ϊˡ
һɫӰڴſڣһɱȻȱҪӴ󡢻Ҫµϯ졣
ҹĳμӻѵֲӭ𣿡ɫӰ˿ֲһ
Ĵڣ˱ٴŵؿͻȻʡ
ʱ˭Ҳûϵʵ֮ȻˣҴӸղŶݵĽֿԿóλѾͻҲﵽ龳
ѫɫ˵ҹٲμһĻԵӭݼʡ
ҲҷһݣǰлǰμĻ񡣡
Цǿ˻һȦȱ䳾Ĳֿ˱һȺʥƷ̾Ϣ̫ˣȱͰˣǳ𣿡
һɫ䡣
ҹ£λʵˣͳʼԴϴܣȻ򺫼ҷˡ


645 ٴ
ڣž
һʾʼԴϵĴ죬ɺʱ˶ס˺
ѾǸ֮ľףʵֱĹңһŭ𶯡
Ҳ𾪣Ϊöʣ֪ʵ⣬ɽ񣬽Ϊ˽Ϻ±͸ŲѰ
ҹ±˫֣һϮɫĻۣɫ൱ƽϲŭֻѫʱ˫΢΢¶һ˿ɷ
ҹ֣Ǻ⣿
ѫɫʱȵҪΪǳͷʵʱԲǺҵ֪Ϻʵ
龳ʿʱҲûţ˵۹⣬ǰóһҩ
ٴһ䳾ͻȱǰͬóҩλǰܿˡ
ѽǧݣֵ԰̫ıˡ䳾Ҳûпݼæ
ȱҲһǧݳ£ǰЩڱôķϣЩҩҲǵڳʱһѩ͸
ҩȻ󣬵ɽıضԲʲô
Ƕ˶ԣⷬٶ൱𺳣֪帻ɵйʱһ
˭Ҳ֪ССΪôྪҩ
ѵǽһ
䣡
䣡
˳¹ҩʼ˵ˣĵط¡¡죬һ۵ڡ
ѫԼɫԽҹһԻѫҲ
֮ŭ춯ѫҲûаսʤҹ¡
ձϺȷΪ˽壬ɼҴҵ˻Ĺңѹƻ飬ôҲ˵ȥɡʿڣƽдžİ
ѫҹִ壬䣬ƺ̫׵֪£ҹҲ̫
Ц˵ŽһдһѣҪͷźֵġԪˮնھҹĳҪһ
ѫЦҹ£̫֪ˣʵǺһĲ
𣿡
ҹЦͻȻһµϢͷųȻһţȻ΢΢ƺ޷ѹϢ
ҵͨҹĳһᣬ롣ҹ΢΢һЦһսֿɸң
⣬ڴ˵ؾͿն㡣ѫЦո飬˭ҵңһɱ
䣡
һɻĹšӡԪϢ𽥽֣ƵϯһС

˾¶η֮ɫ
ҾȻ˵Ҫһ֮𣿻ϵմ᲻ƽؾͰѵ졣
ǵǻĹźĵ̣ꪣҪһλ龳ǿ߲ٿءвμӻı;
˻
Ͷһ
УȻһλ龳ܣΪⳡ绹׼࣬һʧ
λ龳ܣټϴ˵еĺꪣҲǶ֣Ҫִ⽻пܻ䡣
ҹ£ȥһѫȣͨɢ⣬һʱʱֵ֣ľ

ͬʱ
ʮ֮⣬һ۵СڣһλӵߣŹסһˡ
ס˴ŹŹֵߣһϮɫ۽ŰֲŮ
ˣǵһܡ
ҲҪȥȭǺӵǺôӣϺſܶ㳲ˣϧڶϲȥˣ䳾ͻȱ֮⣬⼸λֵܽöסˡ
߿ڣƵصĵһû˿֮ɫǵĿ¶ԾԾԵɫ
̫ͣסңһܿڣ˸һĨ⻪͸һء
Ϊžֻ֪㻹ûн龳ֻ֪һʵϷ֪ܾ֮ǰˡ̾Ϣһڵ
һЦɵǵĺϸ
ϺˣܹһЩ·ӣһ壬ȥһսЦΪ⡣
һܴһ˺գ롣
λ龳ͫ׶ʱһҲú룬Ե㡣
һܲ˵˲һİ򣬳ֱɱУһſѻ촷ۣս伤ҡ
ȻɱƬԭžСͻȻ΢΢һһӰֳ
Ȼǵһܣɴߣһޱȵģ
Ĳҹһ˲Ƕ֡һܵ˵һ䣬һŲƬС磬졣


646 򲻹ͺȱ
պĲϯ죬޷ѹˣûκ˿ԿΪǰһ̲ſֲܡ
ɵУ۵ļ岻ۣλ龳ܲٿصȻûиգս
ѫᣬҹ£дˣûκˣκƺңʵҲС
ҹ·˿Өƺתֿͨѹ˵ĸдԽΪǿ󣬱ԽüһѪ飬ڷ¡¡죬
ĹҲˣֻõԵУѾû䣬ǰҫˡʼЦóʲôԿ
ҹˣģǻĹĸʹõҹҲȻ䡣
µĵʧһӰһλĸߴߣ˿ѩתһƵġ
棡
˼æݣҲдѫҲ΢΢Ƿڳ硣
׷ݸ߹ţɵػ֣µΪֹˡ
ǡ
˶Ӧ
ҹŰ׷ˣû뵽ҲˣȻǵֳɵʱҲŸ̤ʵ¡
̾ҵ̹ȻֲλĿ´ͬ龳ҪȺѫࡣ
ˮʣĵ
ǳ̫õϹǺҵ棬һΪ춯ǰѾΪ龳̤龳֮ʬǵأĳһι𶯣֪˵Ŀ¡
ߣΪǿµ㡣
Ĵ飬ȻúĵͬźҶԺĿغϿɣġ
ʣǸϲӣðʧΪϷԭˣ뿪ɡĵƽ˵
󣬿ƻǵӿܣӰˡȱ䳾ɨͣߡ
ӣɱ
ĵһ߸ϵ飬ĮȻƺڿһֻϣһ֣Ӱڣɱ˴ӡ
ǣ
һ벽ʥȵʥһӾʹЦһס
䣡
ʥɽ鱩׵ʵ޷赲һ벽ʥΪ͡
Ϻſֵܵܣ˭Ҷ
ȱȣָ̽ɽŰ£˾㤵Ĳϯ졣
һͷҲϷǰף
ĵȺѫҪǿƣһ˫𲻶벽ʥ˺󣬶Żȱȵ
ȱЦϵĽУųݶɢһɻɬĲǽڵķס
磬һͷҪ㶯֡ѫ¶мЦݣȱ·ǿһˣղѾˣϺſ伸ˡ
ѫװʲô
䳾ֵܶ˺սƥ򡣡
ѫЦһϰɣСϷָĻ񡣡
ã
˵һ䣬Ҳվ
ȱ䳾ͬͷȷɳȥҲŷɳ
Цף¶һĨ֮ɫͻȻȵӰڣɱ֮С
ǣ
һȺʥߣ벽ʥХƵķɳȥɲǼͲóһ뵵Ļ֣ڲػɱ
ĵͺѫ߳ȥЦЦб˵λԶԭûʲô˵ĽĿվûȱ˵ͷҵĴɡ
бȻٿ򺫸ƵЦݣ˶
⺫ίʵʲôˡ

ˣһȺݶϽ棬һսѰܼ
ӰȫȥԸȱˣü˻ɣ׼æϹҩǻѪ
ҲµЩղҲûºֻ֣ССĳͷһ㡣
ģ
յõɾʹһöֱ飬һ󺰵үү챻˴ˣң
ҹѧģͬһһұ۸ˣͷӿŰ졣
˶ЦҡͷûȥҾȱ
֡ȻǲԸ뺫ԣֵؿϷϻǰأȻȱ
ģҪΣգҸ׻һϷصһЦһȺ˺ХƵĳ⡣
ĸңѾ˺Ƥ˼ɣֻҪԼߣȻǶݵһ˲ҲҸ
λѣɣ
ڣһȵ


647 һ
һ͸ɱɢѹŵĿ²㤵ϯ˾㤡
Ҳֻд˴ԳʮʥߺͰ벽ʥɵɱԽ
׵˴Ӵ߳ȫ¶ɵ֮ɫСʵСӣ𣿡
ܣɱֻ֮֮ҡҡͷת˵һ
һæʵɣҪʲô
΢΢һЦḧ㷢ֶԼԼǷС
ɡĵĺ
ġһЦ
׵ľٶ˻Ȼ
ŽǷѵҪȱһԿɱ󣿡˾
ҲЦǲΪֻϺȣܰæȱݺϺǧ꣬ΪҲҪˡ
뺫棬ԼˣĹǱ˿ԺģֵȺСҲҪԿඡ
б۾˵˭˵ˣúЩëһԣ
һ˴ŭ¶â
䣡
еսû죬ȴͻȻֳż˹
ǧڿһˣҲûмɻ䣬˫һˮɫıɴС͸һϢ¡
Ԫˮն
Ǻҵһžѧ޾סˣҲڹķΧڡ
⵱ɱߵŮˡ
䣡
Ϸվ˿͸һɳȵͻȻһХһ
Х䣬ײһضҵǿµĲɢȥһ쫷硣
˺ˣ˵ˣײ֮˵ˣм˲ҽУһ˰Ӷˣ˵ĹεȵǿͿֲ
ϷһĿԽı䣬ͻȻֳһںڶµܡ
ڷһħĮĿڣһְɣҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼô˵ǾͲˡٺһЦչǱɱ
䣡
콾ͬʱ֣ǿĲɢȥٴκˣǷԲǧˡ
ʱһ˽ȥ
ִһ纣Ƶƥ裬򺫸
أ
ڴһ죬ƺһͷޱͷ˳һڿµĺڶһɼǿ˴ͨ˽ȥ
һĻ˱ɫһ˸ɫ䡣
ôܣɣѵѵҲǻʼ壿Զ¶֮ɫ
˵֮ͨӶʱһǺڶ󲻶ϵıƺҪƵġ
򣡡
䣬ĳХȫкڹ⸡ӣɲǼ佫˹ȫˣǺڶʧͬʱɫһ˿죬Ҳ˲ˡ
ǣ
ʹˣǿҲ˶ΪԾ
ǿһµǿ߹ȻĪͨ˺һȻɵס֤пѾһǿߣ𻢡׷Ҳ֡
λһս
ԭϵսϾҪ죬תĿ⿴С
ɫҲ˱䣬Ҳûг֡
ǿԵסһҪɱ治Ƕ֣һӵͨʥ߶Ҫޡ

д͸ǵɱȱֳϽתͷ׵Сѣ¡
΢΢һЦȫѪ죬ɫѪֱǧɣҲǹó˵ǰΪһܶں棿ƴ󣿡
ĿһеĽҲЦֶӣȷΣ
״ЦȻԡ
ȱҲ׹䳾ǴЦģΪӳȺ˵
·ĵĿеıǹĿһ˿̰͡
ϵĽ龳õ
䣡
׿ȫᴩϣʱһļʸ̶ĺХһֱİɫǴ
䳾ЦһԴԴϵӳֵϣ㹻
ԭӳҪһʱ䣬ײͬɾķŽ壬һд䳾ڣϱջ
һŽƵģ뵵Ĵڡ
չȻޱȣҵĹ˺գӲĳ̶ȡ
ߣǵɱЩֶλСڣһλ벽ʥмЦ
䣡
뵵ĻתɱȻһͷָצݺ£һʸ顣


648 
𣡡
ʮʥ߼ϼ벽ʥɱһͷƲɵһצȥһצ°ҪɽҡԲǧ¶ữ촷ۡ
һ֮£﷢ǺҵԪˮնһȺʥ߹ͬʩչһУܸӵĿֲ
ÿһǱȻգҲ˶ܵĴ̶ХһƬɫĹâһƬˮĻƾɣȴɱ
Ƿǳֲһʥȫһ¡
ȱЦͻȻӶеľųݶҾô˹ȥǱŰɽ飬ϣ߿յƲ㶼嵭ˣ׷ըѣͷڸ߿յɺװһѪ
ҹվ֣龳ܣؼʱ̲֣ܳһҪѫͺĵϹ
ʵΪѹ󣬶ǳֶԸɱʵЩӰҪֹĵֱеȱˣಽš
䣡
ȱսһùսȫȱʵӹɣ龳֮ûĶ֡
ǺЩʥɵɱͬ£һȺȻֵܵһĹ
ȱŭ𣬶Ȼ任ͷģɣųݶƺ˺գݺݻȥ
ͬɴС֮¡¡촫죬һʱ侹Ȼʤ
׵ɫ䣬ð䳾ΪӳһʸǧɴС˹ȥ
ݡ
ʸ꣬ȵúĵ΢΢üΪܸоõǹ𽥵ѡ
ԭԼ޷׻䳾Ͱļӳ֣ڵ󺣰ǱǹϵĵɫâҲԽ

ʸԶ׼ǿţӦҲĳÿÿһļʸȥϵϢһ
ðԵĽ
ĵͺѫ㶼ɫ
֪ԼһҪܱˣҪܣοȱԭôֲ
أ
ȱֳžųݶң˫Ŀڹ⣬ޱߺݺȥ
ã
ѫУһգһЦһƣдתǧ龳¸޷赲
ߣ
һ˿âһڿУ׼ȷĵϡ
ͣ
޴ƶʱѪѫŭһת˻Եĵ
ҹ£Ҫɣ
ѫھҵĲȻûжôļ̡
ҹµס˺ѫƽ˵֣ұն㡣
һ죬ʵϾȻڷܣһƵġ
ֻش
·ĺĵͻȻڣͬڰУ㵹дҪֻء
ҹɫĮȻؿˣλԶ𣿺ҵͨһˡ
㲻Ƕ֡ĵʵʹ˥ȥ
䣡
һߣʮʥ߱ȱ׵˴ˣû˻֮
ĵ¶ŭһָһƥն׵ˣƥ磬˾㤵
Цһƻס˺ĵĹѫͬŭһҲֹҹ¡
λ龳ܶʱսһ
Ȼ壬һ֮סλǿߣתʵͨ˰졣
ĵվʤһĵ߳ߣֱ̧£ίʵô򣡡
ҹ¶һشڼϣһ˺˼ѫ׼˻ᣬһǱն¡
ҡҷҹ°УӲһ
ҹ£Ųסģ
ĵĿĮɱʢһƹ͸ɹƵģ٣˶鲻ԽĹȥ
ɵ򣡡
ҹ¶ޱ֮ɫҲ֪ԷǶŭҪ߶ĵԵУ龳ǿֶΡ
ҹ˫һǸһӳҹϣŭ˶ڲµ˼¡
ʣ޷죡
ĵͺѫ˱˹ȥ
ˢ
ȻʱһɱããĽնɱ⡣
ɫĽ⻯һĽúĵͺѫɫ䡣
һɰԵϢս
һܣ
ĵһһٺ
ĵնһڻǵáǽгޱ߽۳һӰ
ϺſܵĴ죬صĴܳˡ֪ߵݣȻһ龳ܣŰϺľſ֮ס
ʱûȱ䳾񣬻ȱһŭٴλӶųݶң÷顣
ۣ
ۣ
һȺʥȫɳȥм˵ڿбѣֻһ顣
ĵҲЩ˵ʥߣĿŴܣ㻹ҳ


649 ֮
УĴ龳ңңɴصߣɢһ˵ʣǿҿ¡
ĵ㲻°ܽѣʲôģһЦ͸һ˿м
ѫ˫ĿŴܣĸѾȥ㣬Ϊλ
ܲẫѫһ֣ܣȥ
ǣ硣
ȱЦЦ䳾뿪
֣ղΪҶܵһлˡЦŶҹ˵
Ц̫ζΪ˹Ϊһ֮˽ǿŮҼ֪ͶȻ᲻
ܸ΢ЦҵȽΪ
ѫͺĵɫŴܺʣҪ뺫Ϊˡ
Ц俴ϵı飬¶˲мߵ뺫ѾΪǧ꣬Ҫɨһɨǵ硣
Ĵ龳ǿԣǾܵĽ棬·˶ûʸ֣ҵʥȴԽԽ࣬һǿĴڳ죬һĹнʥߣ߰ʥ
һʥУȵȷ
ֵģǺộҪ𣿡
ĿЦҵܴģ֮⣬ȥɱһ
ЦЦֽһһ仰Ҳ˵
а䳾ȱȼǿ߻ţᵣκΰȫ⡣

ʥ
Уĵȡ
ڣ
ʥȣȵȻںϳһ壬ֲֿѹܱǧǳһɹڣʥ䣬ɱռÿһ
ɾžħ󣡡ĵȣһʥͬʱ֣һճһ󣬽ʥͬ߰ʥһ˫Ĵ
󣬿龳ܣ
λʥͬ߰ʥɵĴ󽥽Σؾ۵ڣµ纣ХƵϯأǺҵطʥɱԵС
ĵ䣬ɹ۷ͬٷˣֳһģǧ
ĺɵ򣬿ֲ˼㣬ؼĴ֮һˡ
ѫҲչֳĵһ·Ǵ֮񣬵ܲգ龳ܵʵɼһߡ
貵ĹâҫأµǿޱߣȻΪͨɣûɢȻ˷Թսеϵߵݡ
ɱ
ɱ
ĵͺѫȣ龳ʿܺʡ
ͬʱɱҲŶˣһײױȵɢǧµĹÿһϸСĹ󶼴Żԡ
ЦʹͬԵУ¡
ҹҲЦЦ˵ҹĳͬҡ
䣡
ҹʩչԼֻصֱɱȥӵʮޱߡ
ϵͭһоȻһڹɫĳһһ
Ҳֳһڵ۵Ľ⣬ɣɭããϢء
֮
͡׶һ
ǶǽңԽų֪ȴû뵽ϺһܾȻǽʦ
ֳֹŽ˵ƶȻ÷ޱߣ磬ҽһۼ
ǽ紺磬ǿ쵽˼£ֻǱ̹ǣ˼¡
һ޴Ľնס˺ĵ
Ĵ龳ǿ˲սһּսѰɼ콾ĿתǵʽŴ
ˣԭѧģܿʩչջࡣ
ýǺý׿ŴƮɵӰԺвŴʩչĽʼղҪ죬ѧ衣
Ĵ龳ʵڲ֮䣬ǰʥɵɱȴǷ
һҫأµϢ£ʺʹƣӦ
УʳܱҪǵĵͺѫǿӦԣɱһ龳ܵʵȱĿ˸źâ
䳾ǽ꣬˵ɱȥɡ
ܶ𣿡ȱĿҲ
ΪʱʥµϢסȱǣֻ֡
ģҵʲô𣿡䳾ĿдĶĵġ
ʱתؿżˣ˵һս˭ҲӲߣ֪׻ף᲻׼
ȱо黹û꣬Ҫ󣬸Ͳ¸ķ
䣡
ڳ˼ţһɾ춯صϯ죬ɫĵâױȵˡ
â̺侪ˣߴܺʡ
ڣ뱻𣿡ҹ´סһ
űѫҵ©һϣɳȥ
ܵΪҪǿһЩйŽһһƬûǵâ뺫ĵƴһǣڿһģǧɡ
ͣ
ʥɵɱž˹ͷ޴ʺʹֵ˶ó˾ˡ
λѹȻǿᣬĳһӰֳһλŵۣЦݵˡ
٣
ܺʶһüͷ
һģڵƽ̵ʦ𣬷١
üͷѾʼʧء
ҾȻԮͬ˶û뵽飬ĹҾȻ̫ĵˣ֮ǰûпǹһ㡣
ƫƫˣĻصڣλΪ֮١
ԣ߻֪ģһλض͵ǿߣִڣλ֮ΪµϹ֮һ
һΪѾ龳ҸµǷ֮ķѾĪ⣬ؼԪķ䡣
ԣ
ֻҪؾĵطڲ֮ء
һλʣȴܻҪºܶ౶Ĵܡ

֡
µѡ
ѫͺĵЦݿĴк龳ܣɱ󣬽ʺʹΧס
ҲЦǻλ֮͵ں¶治˵۹⡣
֮
ͷּһķ䣬ǿ߾㤡
ؾŨʵʣĿռԵʺʹܡ
٣ĵԽԽˣ׼ͶˡƵᣬ̲Ҫԣʸ𣿡
ƽ̺ޱ߰
Ϻһܵ磬һ뺫ҾǧĴǿߡ


650 
һɣܵϢԽɲ⣬ƽƺδٷС
ĿһɫҲЦ̫ԴˣûʸΪУ˵㡣
ȵǾһսɣ
Ҳһֳһһͷͷ̫ħ󣬾㶼ɢֲϢ
ֻشٻʵѾǿߣʷнǵһսʶٻȻ޷һħʵ壬ͨȴ˿þ㤡
ֻأ
һżҲʵµĴʵʵɴ⡣

䣡
˲ٷϻλ龳ܣԼǿµɱȻ޵еĳ֡
һɹǿֲϢɽٴζײһ
ĵѫҲȫֳ֣޴㣬ŹĪΰ

ȱأ
ҲüͷǰЩ飬Ȼ֪Ⱥĵĺɵ
龳ǿѸټսһշ·˵ػˮ磬Ѿκÿһж̺Ŷ⣬ʥһҲ̼
ǰλʥɵĴҲûʸսһȺʥߴз׵˰Χ
ǣ
¶Ц
ǣ
Щʥ߶Ǻм仹ǼȻǵʸ
ҿ˭
ȱЦӵסˣųݶҴһ׵˻
һͷҲҵǰ
λʥЦǻʥȥɢܣֹ˵ҡ
⼸λʥȴʼƽǡ
ȱɫԽ䳾̲ס׵ʵιǼĲ˴ȣ
񡢶ҹѾϢ·ϰɡ
ҿ̫ˣϾͳΪˡ䳾۴УҲػסǣȻʥϰ΢Сȴû˿֮ɫһЦ
磬㲢һսӣ䳾Ц
ȱһЦӴ޼ɵͷųѾŵûٱͷ׷ԶսΨֱ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬бͷɿ뿪Ѿɳ죬ʱڲ̤˵ء
սѾȫ죬лλ龳ڶƴԲͻ꼰ǡ
ƺҪչֳǵǿᣬһ޴ķ󣬷һ޴Բʾһս

аȻܼ龳ɱŽˣλоǿ䡣૵
ĶԾ־ֻԶۣۼӳ֣λܵĶƴԴʼԴǡʥҲ̾Ϣ
ʥڹǸ߸ϵ龳Ȼ΢һɹɴٲоײǿһ۾͸еȫѪҺֱ̣ܼ
ХȻûбƣһɽֽƵķ飬ɻ𣬱һƵƾͨٴҲ޼¡

գһӲˣ
ڷƣ䣬׵Ŀɱʢ壬ĩգ
߰ʥȱһХٴλɸߵľˣͷֳ־ųݶҡ
ߣ
ʱڼսĴһЦ־һȥããĽɱ纣߰λʥ
߰λʥ㶼֣ɲǼһǿ̺ŵĽ⵲ס
һȫɳȥҲ˲ˡ
һλʥս˸еȫ龳ܵʵ
ֱǿĿ£
֣ǶҲҷ𣿡
Цһ˸ŸֹķڴϣʱгɫĻȼգҪ֮
ɢ
һ䣬Žݺ٣䲻ĺ󱳱ĵһƻС
ĵĶɢɹ⣬ɵֲޱȣХɹôܺ쭳һѪ
һʶѫ˴򵽷תսʮ켸ˡ
أ
¶ĮЦݣٶԽԽ죬һŷ䲼գɽХܺʡ
ʵͬСɣһŷ仯һƬɫ׺ֱС
ۣ
ֱѫһͨؿϣ˵˱Դһħ飬ȻıԵ
λ֣ǲʶʱ񣬽עҪˡĵ˴ϲҪɱˣҾԿԶϺˡ
ǡҪҷˣ
䣡
ͻȻ
һɿµ㣬ǾֲȻ춼һɫ׺仯Ρ
ܳХһͷȻɹɫһɫĽ֣ÿһʮɳ
ǣ
ĵˣ˲ɫ


651 ҵ
һɫĽ̫ˣǺӴ䣬һƬһƬ󣬿ֲ£Ŀɿڴ
춼΢΢һžƽˣⶴٴ˷Ϣй
׳Ľд䣬ʮɸߣ־̫ˣʹսˣҲһؾˡ
ǡ
ѵ
мʶɫһ䣬¶֮ɫ
ĵˣԼҲɫɫ粻ؿŴܣһ¶𾪺һ˿˿ġ־塣
ǴиоĿֲɢһ˿㲻Ϣ
𾳣
ѫ۾λǿĴɫֿ֣־ֱ޷Σʶ骵
һ䲻𾳣ڳ龳ܶȫһǺĵֵܺ٣ɫһ˿š
գ࣬겻Ϊ𾳣
ǳԽ龳֮һ󾳽磬Ϊ𾳣ʹҲûж˿޳硣
ʿֻ˵ϵ龳֮ϻв𾳣˭ҲûмմܻҺңȻչֳ˵еľ硣
࣡
˭ܿ⣡
˶Ѿˣ˵еľôУġ
˶֪ϺһΪɲ⣬˭ϵλصĴܾȻǲ𾳡
𾳣ĿԳ֮Ϊǵǿ֮һˣ˵֮˭档

ѫ¶֮ɫ૵ôܣȻﵽˣ۹˭ܿ⣿
ĵɫŴܣͻȻĵɫһ䣬ȵˣ
ǶԺͺȺʥ˵ģչֳȫսȻ޷һɱǣҪԸһЩʥ߻ʥǴ´ġ
ಣ
һȺʥ߱ź뿪죬˴˴
ȱ¶˷֮ɫĴЦ𾳰Ȼǲ𾳣κˡ
䳾ǹЦģȺλ
Ҳˣ
裬ǿµϢǵأһ
ã
ȱһ׵뿪졣
գۼֻʣ´ˣʶŰޱߵĴܣҲһ̾λصĵѣ˿͸

Ϻ棬˿ŷɳ׵ˣʱҲû˸ҳЦʲô
ԼʵĿǣһλ𾳵ǿȺˣδ֮·жĳͨ
һȺҲóȻٹһ֮庫ңֱǲģҪ֪ǿǻĹңҲ
ƫƫ۲棬龳ʿҲϡٵһ𾳵ѹˡ
ѽû뵽ģǰȻô䡣Ұ죬ԶҹʵСҹӣǶټв𾳴𣿡
ҹۣĻ֪Ǽ𣿡
Ҳ֪Կ
ǻСӣȻǼصһڼĺĻܣûȨ֪

䣡
ʱ˶㤵شӷϿ˫һɫĽǺӣն˺ĵˡ
һͷƤ飬ƲȻʥǿ߱УҲ̼
ǵıƴشĶԾѾȫͨĶԿ
ǧ⽵䣬նΧ龳ܣŵϢ£ɫ䡣
ĵŭ֣һɺײȥ
أ
䣡
ıǳɲǼϯ죬ʮɣؾ֮⣬еĶ仯촷ۣͬ׳ĹҲС
ߣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĵȫɳȥѫһѪĵ򶼲
ĵԺһЩҲ˲ˣ޾ɹӿסһ
䣡
һ˲۵ѹܵĲ𾳣һɹеΡ
ǿ
ǿڰвݺꪣԿܵĲ𾳡
ģóˣ治Ҫ
ס˵ˮ磬ҲסǬܵϢǰδеء
һɨĵƾȻȫԭˣǿٵذϢڴȥ˵궼ս鲻ԽĹȥϵߵףһۡ
УҪõԸ𣿺ˣһλҶԿҲûС
ͨĪ⣬ǵϲѣҵЯѹ㣬ǵҪںҳǲеġ
һͻأĴĵͺѫ˿ϲɫü乧׷Ƿڳƴʦ֡


652 ̫
һһӵŹȳ֣ʵǺܴˣϵƤɵƤнľ̬·һλϾҪߡ
Ұɫͷɢڼϣһɫ£뷲ũûʲô
Ϻգ˶ɲؿͻȻֵߣû˻ɴ˵ǿĵͺѫҪĺһʦ֣֪˵жôĿ¡
ֻ΢΢¶һ΢Ϣǵ˫ŴܣһϷԾġ
ߵĴȻ˿飬һɵĽ⻺ڣȻγһƬ򳡣Լס
һٶ˻Ȼ
˵ܼܺɵλͻȻֵˣһλ𾳴ܼɵ߾жô¡
棬ȫȥʥйĺһ档
Ҳ¶ЦݣǱŰ֮ȫɢЦźһ̫үү
ɫ粻˿˺ôһͻȻ¶֮ɫȴҴ˵Ҳ٣ѵλ˼ҳˣ
ɫģԱͷӦôˣλǰ
ͷ˭ӡϷһ㯵ʵ
Ŀһһһٵĳûв´ӦǺ̫Ĺǵһˡ
̫
׵СȻˣȫһȫĿɿڴؿųսߡ
ѵѶλǰȻǧǰܹ޶֣ΪǵһˣǧȥˣλǰȻ˼䡣˶˵
˼𾪡
ҫǧŵ֣Ȼǧ֮ٴγ䣬ٴα˿ڿഫ
ǧǰ׳ĺ̫һ̤龳޵Уݺ겻ж֡
ʱҷޣҶҪ˱ᣬ̫â˫ִƺһǧ꣬ǸʱӢ۾С
ǧǰ̫伣֮λº㲻֪٣д˵Ϊľ磬߻ħ
Ҳ˵̫⣬Ѱҳɵ
Σֻ̫ɵĵ伮ȻŴ˵ĻԻ¼
תսǸһ·ǿ޶֣
Ŀº޵УѹǸеǿ޷̧ͷ
˭뵽˾ĶǿߣȻٴγˣں𾳴ܵĴʱһγ䡣
ѹȻɲ⣬һȥˣһֱΪ䣬ǵû𾳣ǿϲɺˡܵ˵
̫ǵĿâ΢ƽ˵Ѿ˭ôԶҲˣѻܼǵô
һЦֻݺϺǿѣѲغ档
̫ҡҡͷ̾ϢѵΪɲ⣬ԭѾܸ߿㣬ǵ͹㡣
±ãѲ𣬽յѳɽҽ𣿡ЦЦ
̫ǵĿⶢŴܣнһ˿񣺡λҺңٲҪˡ
ЦֵǺôţ̤ãͬ罻֣һսҲǲ顣
̫ӣݵ¶һ˿â䣺Ϸ֣ɱУԡ
ã϶⣡
е
˶ʱһ⣬Ȼ˳ƺ̫ʥ¶ɱ
Բȥǰˡ
ɫһͷ
̫ûعأǾ仰ó̵̫ʱѹܡ
˵ĺңĿʼɵϺſˡ
һλ𾳵ǿ߻ضԸңҼʹҲе£Ͼÿһ˶к̫Ϊ
ԽǿԽǲȥ
䣡
Ȼ׺ͼһ̫ͻȻһХԭݵһӱɲǼһλоųߵİش󺺣ͷڷ裬ϡԿķɡ
Ǻ̫Ӧеķɣǵ޵У
ѣ㲻ã
̫Ŀ⽥䣬һХ
䣡
һɫĹâں̫С
һɫĲ¡ɢӨӨĹĵޱߡ
꺫øɣɼϽ˵ǿĵ֮һ
ֳֺ̫ꪣɽХϯ죬ĮĿŴܣǵأκ鶼޷赲
ԭ޵еֳе˭Ǻ̫Ķ֡
ӿ˻ġ
춼޷ɵɹǿĴڷ׷ѡ


653 Ĳ
ӿǣ£ʱΪгɵʿܸоһױȵУʥ߻߸ΪǿԿϺɹʢĿ
ֳֺ̫ꪣһսָۣؿŴܣĮȻҲף˳ңҿɼ̡
һλ𾳴Яʩѹû˿Կܣ˵ʼԴǣҲ쿰޵ˡ
𾳿΢һֵܣ仹翪֮һܣ޵еġ
ҹ֣ȥɡҹ˵
һǿҲ޷սȻѾΪ龳벻𾳻Զοֳֵ̫
ã
ʵͷһâʧ졣
̫΢΢۾ҪִԲˣеǰҲڹ˳һ뺫ҵĺľ߲㡣
ǡһսɣ
䣡
Ӧ̫һĮһɫ󣬻һƬǺٲնȥ
ˣ
̫һ¶ɫǺɫһɹʢĿһҫ۵Ĺᴩǧ磬ܡ
޾壬ȻͽֶԿ
һĻ˿øεѣλϺһǾжǿȻۣۿֱ
ѣעҪ䡣̫ɫĮ뵽ڡ

Ǿ޴ĵƺƵģ洫ۼһХһµбҪ
֮ɣ
䣡
һɽ죬·Ѿ뵽֮УʮɸߵɽɢϢն̫
ߣ
̫Ц޼᲻ݣֱӷеĹɫĴЯһƬɹɱ
Բʮɶ֣ܵĿռ䶼ûС
Һۼӳֹڣ򱻲ǿߴ߶һض
Ƕûˡ

ã
ã
ס񡢻ȱ˶г
ǿǿĴ֮һԵһ²赲̫Ҫɱ֣ɱλҺҶĴС
ģģЯʩѹǲҪ˼¡ݺݴҲûκΰ취
һȺЦʱἧΪϾҪ䣬һ䣬ڳ˶Ӳ
ûл𣿡׽ҧ촽ǳʣԭΪתһǼ˵ӵеļͲǴǿΪҲá
ǰȥ
״ǳԸܳ飬ҲӦգˡ
һײžԼжôںȻǰ֮ûС
ȻǰȻǲУûеվһա
ƺû׵ıһƬ貵ɫâ֣ŭܻء
ѵѵҪ𣿡ȱ䳾棬ڵǰԵôС
ܵ䣬ʽϺǲݣһŭ⡣
𾪣ʵصʵԲںң˵ʵҲеһλ۵ıС
ҲκˣҪһսǷ㣡
ĵЦĿ⿴죺գϺ޴ܣ

ɫɹն£ϵĴڶעһսĹλ̫ϳ϶ͨϷۿš
ôҪϷǲҪæأ
һ̣𶯣пһĻʿ㶼𣬲ѡ
޾ɫɹУܷһХڴ
ǲ𾳴ܵĳХؼƵϺĳһҵĺХûĺ
˳޾ɹУһͷɵһͷɵɷڵֵΣס˴ܡ
Ĳģ
ؼ䣬һӴɷǧ磬Ȼ޾ɫɹ˺ѳһӡ
ɢĪϢԭһʧɷﻯΪʮɴСΧ
һĳǧ޹죬׻˺̫ıɱһ
ս˷ڣ
Կ겻һĻˣϺܵʵȻǿز
ûɣǰԿ˵һɱҲ̫˰ɣɴ૵
ܼͬ췢鶼˵ϺһԽ޵еʵѹúҼ˵
ǣ
ȻУһȻûн
ǡ
ĹϵĴڷ׷ɫ䣬ʯг


654 һ
Хɷﳤɽһ㣬һ֮ϢԽɲ⣬ͽֶԿһûܣ־š
ĹϵĴڶϳһͨʧõ̫Ų
ңԶ̫ɽϽս꣬սյ塣
޾ѿ֪жٳɱϢ͸飬Ķ˸޷⣬ƺƵͼϯ塣
вĴڳס˵Ķɵ࣬ᵱƽ𣡡
λĴɱɽ磬þͨɽ泹׸ֻԼĵͳΪ
Ȼһ֮˿Էɽ磬ö֮ɽͳΪ˴˵
ֻ֪Ϊǿ֪֮ϻˣֻ֤Ϊɣſ
ΪɣȻ̤쳾ǧΣͷվһա
дλĴڹصͨɽĴţʹúҲûа취֤ΪɣңԶ̫ʱɽ緢˾춯ֻλĴڲԸ˷һ
Դ죬¿ɷԳ롢ݡ
ͨǳĿ£ֻѾʧ̫̫꣬ʧ֮Ҳûгֹ
մܾȻʩչô𾪣ǸĹңǾȡ
ĹҶǵ۵ļ壬ۿϷתʱ䳤ӣȥλĹ켣޷ӵܣҲ֪ܶһЩ顣
е۶֪ΪελĴҪصɽţʹһ˿ᣬҲû˿
ʼûܽ⿪Ĺһֱܵĵ飬Եʯ𾪡

ܵס̫ɱһ̫ԼҲˣɫͻȻһ䣬а۵Ĵˣ
аۣǻĹ͸λڵĳνصɽţ䣬һ˷
ܽɷջڣֳֹŽһЩǳĲа۵Ĵ𣬵ˡ
㵽˭Ϊζòаִ̫ƵŭХҲŭˡ
ꪵȻ䣬ͨΪΣȫΪɽŸ򲻿ƾֶͨҲС
ҵ˭֪Ҫ׺ѻҪ𣿡ĮȻ˵
̫䣬û˿ԻҺң˵㣬Ȼа۸಻С
䣡
ꪷɹǿµĵƵƥ˺Ѿ졣
ӿ̫ԽǿӲ²ҷŹ㣬Լֵǡ
һƾ㣬ҡ
䣡
ӴڣɳһȵĹâ޾ĵӿһ̹𶯣˺Ȼ
ܾȻе
˶ȻˣԲǴܵĵĳĹ͵͵˴ܡ
ϼ⽫صĵǳأû¶Ϣˣǵ
̫ζʱһâ䣺ߣҪս𣿵Ľ棬һΪ
֪
ҪǣҪսǾʹʹ죬еǾͷſֽȥһսһս

棬Ϻա
˱ĿɿڴǾû뵽ܼ֮棬ҴӴóһ̿ʼ˶ܲµõ
лĹҿߺңг֣Υĺƽ߾ҪˣĹҽսǴɶҪ
ιǼҵĵɣҹСʵ
ôܣп¯ɣЦؿϷ
ϷȻϣοִƵĵ¯ûиܵһ˿ϤϢ
ǾûôճٴȥϰħϮ̫ʹܶǲȱٵĸ֡ʵ
۾˵еֹ꣬Ժ̫ʹǰӣȻһս
Ȼ
̫ϻӦһκˣѰұȫ㣬ҲҪȥʲô⣬Ǽ̣ҿԷһ
ã
ܻӦһ֣ļµϢٴӿֳͷǼصĵһɹ⣬޾ĻУڽꪡ

ڵŭȫ渴Ƶģӿĵ֮ղҪŨǧٱ
򵹣޷ܵѹ
ģҪûֹĸֳھڶζԸħ磿Ҳˡ
ʥߵνλʥҲԣ𾳴ʱ䣬ħϮڼ۷սǱϡ
䣡
˶߶Ҫɱ


655 һս
ں̫Ĵ߶£׵ĵꪡΪƥ磬һɹ磬Я޾ȫնܣһƥɽҪǧһٻ
ԺꪵȫһɫϾ֮ǰͽӲȻ޴棬ȡ֮һء
նƯͷϷĵ͵ɢĿɹ⣬ַԲʮء
һ̣ռеĴܺ磡
¡¡
޹޾ɹ˲۳Σһɻ۶ɵڹӭɫ
⣬Ϻ
˾Ϣһϣᵽɤ۵λã
׵ĵ棬ÿһλʥεƽһͷݵĳ֮С
ס񣬺ҵȫ
䡭
ײսռ˻Űɢ䣬ÿһɱ龳֣
ȫعĵƺҪ֧ŲסӦ顣
ҿΪ̣һÿռ飬ʱҡ
ϺϿգ˵Ŀȫ۽ڷ֮ϣ͸޾һգգز̽ս
ʱ䣬һ˲̣ꪻΪһɫ۶ɵĵȫײ֮أԴ粽ãҪư档
̫ڷ٣Ŀǳ˿ȫ߶𾳸ֵƣסһҪնɱ
۴ܣߣϲŭѱ棬ɢƣһ壬һۻ룬أɣʥĸо
𾳸ȫս߶ſ׵ĵһһʱ侹ѷָ¡
Ϊ𾳸ֱֳֵ֣ǿս
ϺϿգզ̾
ƽɫһиͻһغ֮ֻһ֮䣡׸Ŀּ࣬սˣ
ڣĹҵ֮ꪣƺӦĵ׵ԸڲҪӿֳѹǧ
¡¡
ʱꪻûɵɫѹ糤磬ֱƴܣֲӣʮɿռ䣬ܱ޿ɱܡ
ǧһ֮ʣͦǹ죬һǹ粽á
ӡ
ٿأڴܵٻ֮£ɹâΪ磬һûһһǻΪһֻɷˡ
Ǵ˵еĲ
֮ǰƾ貹ͽӲһ·磬Ҫʼʩ𣿡
ϺϿգסʵȫȻһΪһѺ
ۺҵӣۿ溫̫ռϷ磬ƶЦ׵˵Ŀ⣬ǿһֻֻ׵ĸ
ڣ̫΢ƣЦһܣһӢȴҪΪҵ°֮ܽУӽҺҶ磬һɳ죬Ϊһ壡
̫Ļŭš
ȫ߶ꪣȻԲ𾳵ľΪֻܴ߶֮һǣɱһȻ㹻ˡ
֮ǰһƾ貹Ҷһ٣񺣻ȫһǧһܾ޴ӣ
֪֮棬𣡡
һȻ·磬ȴ粽á

ণ
ǧһ֮ʣɷ͵زһŤûγһɵ̫ͼ
ɵ̫ͼһ۳Σ޾Ϊ֮ɢ춼Ϊ֮һƶһ㣬ռ˲ȹࡣ
̫еĺꪣ΢΢һƺܵһϤĿֲϢ轵
ãеȻսˣ
ͻıʣ̫Ȼһһ˼ظźꪵıʡ
Ӻꪵı仯У֮ǰΨҶսת˲䵴Ȼ޴棡
һĻú̫εѡ
ͬʱϺϿգ˾Ŀ࣬ϢΪ֮һϡ
ʲôûˣȻ۳һ̫ͼꪶҪ˱᣿
񾪺
ʸ
õпνǿۼֵıʹ۸֣ηһ̫ͼȻηˣ
˵аƾ貹ɽ泹׸ʹպյ۸֣ʱ䳤С񣬲֣Ȼа۵ĵȣҪʮǧǶڵȻŷǳ˵ã
΢΢˫̾
ͬʱһڵӣ׷׵һĪ
һܳߣĿĪǾǴ˵еаۣ
ĵ˫Ѫѽѡ
Բܣаǲླĸ֣ǰϣһֻܲв𾳽磬ȻǴ˵еаۣ
ҡͷ
һôõģֻ᲻а۵ļ̳ߣѾ޹ؽҪˣ
һҵӶͷ乶䣬񺣻ꪱѹƣʮһ汻ɱǺҵƣƱؽһǧɣ
ڵָһ˲䣬кҵȫ̼ȹϵϡ
ڡ
û̫ͼѹƵĺꪲϱˣۿ̫Ҫֲסףһߡ
㡭㾿ʲôˣΪζòΪҪҺΪУֱ̫¡
һֶܸ߶̫ͼʮɿռ䣬̫޿ӡ
˭ҪֻҪ֪ǸǿȻǿȻɱӣ޶
һЦ߶ŲʼĥеϢҵһܣҪẫҴ֮ꪡ
δ䣬ȫȻһ
ʲôҪẫҴ֮ꪣ̫ɫ䣬ԼĶ䣬΢Ƭ̣һЦ
Ȼ˿Ҫ
Ц
Ҫ֪۸ֵıΪͨ飬˭ܼԦġ
񺫼ҵġꪡǻĹҴĵΨźѪܵõꪵϿɣ˳߶
ȻõꪣҲԾΪС
񣬵һܾȻҪảꪣЩ˷Ц
ϺϿգ뼧񲻽һĭ
ҵӣԲôǰΪҲԭһʼܾڵȴʱҪ̫ӶȡҴ֮ꪡ
׸е𵴡
ԭһ֮ⲻھƣĿ꣬Ǻ̫еĺꪣ
ģûգȻҪảꪣǶ֮ƽһǧɣΪ
񾪺أЩԼĶ䡣
ڲԶĻȱ㵸Цú»û뵽Ȼǲ𾳸֣̫Ųе֣ز¶
˵עȫһ˲䣬ڷ֮ϣעڵĿһս
ߣ˲ûʲôܣ
һЦĺ̫һܵȻٿŸ߿е̫ͼѹ£޾ɢ䣬̫ꪷЩԦסͷһѪ



656 
Уصĵһܣǹƥƾ貹ưԣպĺң£ܵУ
ϣϣ
̫ͼĥ֮£溫̫ɢϢңٲȻЩѳֲסҪ֮ꪸã
ǧһ֮ʣ̫ҧ⣬ͷŭХһ˫֮¶һɲ֮ɫҵഫҺҸˣգҺ̫ʹȼھѪҲҪסꪣ
Ժڣ
ֻһŭХ˶ţڷٵĺ̫ȫѪĵȼת˲֮䣬̫òͱݿ£Ʒꡣ
ͬʱһںѪ֮еϢձʧɫ
ﭵһԭѹƵĺꪣǸӦ˺Ϣٻһտɿתס˲ѹ
ϺϿգһڵӾ˫Ѫѽѡ
棡
棡
вϧȼȫѪĺ棬еĺҵȫ״һı֮ɫ
һߣʡ׵ˣҲһ𺳡
⺫̫Ͷ·֮£ȻϧȼվѪಫ΢΢һ㵵عעսȼվѪǽվ㺫̫˳סꪣ¾ΪҲۿۣպȻ޷һϸˣ
⺫̫ĽڲǰɷЧ˵ҵǷǳڴҵ˥أ
΢ơ
һԣعעս
ԶĻȱȴϲЦտںֶ̫βмһˣȼѪֻǲطҪ벹ͥδЩţ㺫̫ȼվѪҲԴ߶꪿ⲹ
ȱڵһܷǳġ
ڣնĴܣȻߣȴڸǲס˫֮ŨҵļЦ֮⣬̫ǲ𾳸֣ڵصĲǰȻʮֱ΢
ŲƿʩչȼѪ˳סꪣӿԼ
һܷӴ쳹ǧ硣
ԣݿµĺ̫ΡΡؿ˼֮ȴ˸˸Ź⣬ǳ£ûһ֮Ҫֵյǲ̫ܵġǣĵ棬δز棡
δ䣬ϺϿյһ˵ȣȫһԼĶ䡣
̫ȻҪ棿
ٻڤڤĺۣ
һˣеĺ˫Ź⣬Ѫڣһϵչ߶ھѪͣߵ׵档
棡
ˮʺĵ龳ֻ֣һأ쳹壬񣬾źԥعڵأ
պյ龳ūϥعڵأ
һ̣Ҵ֮ʣڼ棬дǰ裬ֵһᡣ
ǺĵһеĺˣȫߵڵأдʣΪϵصš
ҿ쿴ȫڵأһūϥıģǽЦ
˫˸˸ŹضǰһĻ
ʶ˶еӹһĨ֮ɫ⺫ңΪĹңھԵ֮£Ȼš桯طܹٻڤڤۻǣ
Ǵ˵еۻܹ¶·壬ܵУʱ򣬴ĴΣˣ
ȱ鲻Խȭͷ
Ȼ˵һӵŲ𾳵ľΪе֣ǣǰֵһᣬһֻһ΢
¡¡
¡¡
˷׷ʱ̣𺳵һĻʱˡ
֮УԭһϢݿµĺ̫ȻĿ¶⣬壬ƸӦһ˿ڣ£Ӳӣϼơ
Ͷ֮䣬ձ춼Щ֧Ųסʼعĵ
ʲôصǿߣȻչ
Ӧ̫ı仯ȫ߶ĴܲΪ֮һݡ
һ̣ݿµĺ̫ʷɱ䣬ȥȴ٣ƮƮնﶼΪ֮֮䣬𵴣Ͷ֮䣬Ӷ䡣
һϢһϯȫһͷݵĸо
þƣû뵽гһգܹ۷ɣ
һɫϾ˫Ԩв壬ҲһҵҪҴ˵еۣжδ



657 ֮
ɽѹȶһɫϾͷϷĵ䣬һҡһɽк£˷ǬȫһƬɫС
ƾɽѹȣеĵһܣأԸֶ
֪СһĹźңձһغ
ںһ˿ĺ̫һ㣬зӴһͳ͸ʮ㣬շӿս
ͬʱһտɫĵڲ̺޾ķ򡢰塢Сһ磬󣬾ԲǺֲ̫𾳽ĸܹĴڡ
ÿһ򣬶ϺϿյĺĿ࣬
ꪣ
տɫĵͬ󣬽ûУ˲Ϊһ壬ʱȻһƺӦ۵ڲٿȻӿֳһ޾ƺֻһܹ죬𾳵Ĵܸһɱ
ÿֲ۵ٻ֮£ѾʼˣҪָ۷սֻ轫ʮ֮һʩչһɱˣ
о˵ĵĻŭš
նɱܣһǱڴУңܶȡһǺҵһ
Щ
˿̣̫ÿһУȻ棬ǺҴΪҫ۶Ŀ۸֣
Ĺźңһ˭棿
סʾѽѣһѺۼĹһ룬˸εѣԿܡ
ڲձ磬һһϮۣͦǹ
ǰаáӡɷͨۼ֮Ȼ䣡
ǵصĿֲ򣬵һգܹͬò۾
һ֪˿ԵĲֻۣںһ˿ۻǵĺ̫ʵ۵ǧٷ֮һûС
¡¡
νΪǿ꣬ڵһܵȫ߶£ɾɷ˻ûɵ̫ͼҲƵתƶȻֱź̫ѹ¡
̫һЦ͵սꪣֻһ죬޾򡢴С壬ȫںϳһտɫâֱ̫ͼȥ
ǧһ֮ʣϺϿգÿһȫ̧ͷŵعעսأһ̲ͣϵš
ԶİУʡϷסˣȫһһҪ۾һô
а۴طݹ۹ŽΨеһܼ̳²񣬶۵һ֪꣬ǿ
ÿһ˶ʱ̣ȱҧΪһĬĬš
¡¡
ֻޱ޼ʵ죬ҵ֮£Щֱƣ޾ײģɺꪻûɵտɫâ̫ͼȻײһһʱ䣬˺ѣҡػΣֿҪֱĸоڲ磬ռ˻һ

ȵĿУ˾㵵һĻˡ۶ɵ̫ͼ۵֮£Ȼ鿪ΪƬ䣬紵תʧ١
ۡͷһѪȫͣ
һܡ㲻һĹźǿȡᣬֱǲ֪ߵغѰ·
ŲΡΡĵһܣ̫Ц

һӣ⣬ֱӽտɫиƬ
ûбһɱ
һ֮£һʵ轵ȻЩ֧Ųס
ꪣɱ
ǧѷĻᣬں̫ǰȻԸͺһٶȴ߶ꪣûһƬɫ񳱣ŵһɶȥ
һܲʾƴ߶⣬Ȼںһ˿ĺ̫Զ֮
ã֮ݣ
ǰ
ס֣
һʱ䣬ϺϿյĻȱסˣȫпһҧгݡ
ںȴϲЦտ㵸
˭Ҳûϵ˲Ϣսһգۼͳ˾תԭһϢĺ̫֮ȫѹƵһܣ
¡¡¡¡
ɫɫ񳱾һĵ໥ɣײ𡭡ձһĿĵĿռѷ˺ѿ
ܿ죬ꪻûɫ񳱣Ѹײڶ֮ƣɫû룬һܴڽɫ֮УҡΣƿеһҶƮʱ䡣
Ϻſ֮ףᱻǧǰһܣ
ٿأһ



658 ۽
ܷӡҲӡ
Σĵһܣ̧ͷ죬ȫʩչ˲գұƿɷķӡ֮ͨ·
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫȻһĿࡣ
һܾȻҪɷӡ֮ͨ·
Ҫ֪ǰΪаòɷͨӡˣʹ޵ʱ䳤У
գǵһܴɷӡôӽ۽лɽ磬Ϊ˵Ԫ޽ˣ
鲻Խز֮УһĨϣ֮ɫ
סϷˣΡ
ںҲ־ϲ˼ŵһܣ
ʲôҪɷӡ֮ͨ·̫һڵһۻǶ鲻ԽزܣԲܣ
̫ҡԴζţһӵܹɷ֮·
Ҫ֪аۿǲླʩչϵĲŽɷ糹׷ӡ
񣬵һֻܲв𾳽磬ۼĸֶսʤ˵Ȼˣҵɷӡˡ
Уһܳ۷ɣǹͦƺܵеԹԵЦͬʱһ̲ͣش߶𡰲
ֻ֮ǰʩչĲͬǣ˷һʩչĲת޾Ļ硢Ϣϯ
¡¡
¡¡
һռѷ˺ѿٲȻҪֱױ顣
ʲôô£͵һأӵ۽ƣ񣬾ȻҲʼˣ
ڲһ˺ѵĿռ䣬̫ɣӡдʡ
ʱĶĸλֱĵӿ糱ɽ䣬ÿһռѷ죬ȫһ˲ָ
ߣͼ죬ͬھǾǳ룡һЦ̫ϳ죬Һ۸Ƶɾأڲ̺۽ƣܹ˺ѵģ
̫ƺӴһͳĻﴫ
ԣһܲЦ˿׷ɣ״һͬʱڵĻ۳һƥ磬͵س죬
ȫΪ֮һһɵŵһܣ²һҪʲô
һܣĪҪˣձ֮գ̫ҹζ࣬߶ꪣͼһɱһܡ
˭룬һܾǸֶ޿ֵضź̫棬Ϊӵ۽Ƶ죬Ҿ޷ƻô
ŵһеһĨ̫΢΢һ΢Ƭ̣ҪļȻһХ
ˣ
ˣˣ
ÿһ̺һ壬ÿһХ飬֮ġ
һ˲䣬еȫȻһĿࡣ
ģ۵ĺХ
ûһ۸ֵĺХӦ뺫Ѿһɲ귢ĺХ
۵ĺХУ̺һ˿ϣ벻ʣĪ۲л
ʡ׵ˣһ
˭Ҳûϵںʩչطĺ۵һ˿ٻ֮󣬾Ȼε۲л꣡
Щ۲л꣬޲¼įޱ߼ʵУѰƳӡɽϣ
⾿ôһ£Ϊʲô֮۲лͬʱŭХ
̫εѣҡ
۲л߮ǵһܹٻǣôҪ𺫼ңؽ׾٣
㣬ֻתɷͨѡ߮۲л꣬˹ɷͨȻ಻סµȴеĹ¼ţʼ쳤Хܹɷӡ֮ͨ·
һܸд͸ɤ쳹ϣϴźǣҵľΪܴƷӡ֮ͨ·ʵϣôֻһĿġ
һ٣ź̫עԼϣһܲЦа۷ӡɷͨ·ɴҹڤڤ֮еɷͨȻܵɣ
ɣ̫һʱεѡ
¡¡
ں̫ĵڣĵطһųβĹ͵غХգ֮䣬ͷǰ
ʱȫȻһҺ
ˣҪܷˣ
棬쳷죡
ģԸǺҵ죬ֲܹķɹգ
ÿһȫĿ࣬


659 ֮
죬Ǻ۾͵ɾأڻĹźҵ壬ΪشܷɣһٻǶڻĹź˵һش
һ̣ÿһȫҽ
һܹȻز¶Ȼܹڤڤ֮еɷͨϻŷǳܡ
˵еɷͨ಻һȻ䣬֮ⷴΪֲҲ֪ܷ
ʲôڲȻ̺˿ֲĲϢһ֮£ϰٸʼԴǶҪΪ֮飡
ϺϿգסϷʵˣһĿ࣬𾪲ѡ
¡¡
ת֮䣬һſ񱩵Ĺӡһȥ֪֪߼ʡ
޾Ľȣӹ֮ɢ˸εѡ
ƴˣ죬Ǻ۴ɾأҵҶȻĿ
ĳ溫̫ŭХһȫȼھѪһɰХƵеĺꪸ˸˸Ź⣬ΧʮɿռУȫտɫûˡ
ꪣն
ֻһ̫ȫ߶еĺꪣ۲һ˿Ϊʣͷų˵Ǳص޾ܣ
ˡ
һԶӺ̫ϯٲȻǺ۸ܵ˺ü޵Σϧһ˿߶ǰıꪡ
¡¡
۵Ĵ߶£ꪻûɵһƬ˲۳һտɫĹУƥ͵س죬ӭķɹ
˵࣬ȫһ˲Ŀһգգ
¡¡
տɫĹУ˺ѳգ뷴ɹҵسײһͬʱײ̺ܹ׺ϰٿʼԴǡ
䣬һǧﳤĿռѷ˺ѿվԱߣͻᱻһɾ˵ռѷ֮УʳƬ˲һغ
ÿֲײΪۼĹͶ֮䣬ܴһŹϵǳ
ſ֣ǧУǵľΪһҲһغ
⺣ͷųİһ̺źȼյľѪԼʣһ˿ӦĿǰҼֲһˣ
ϺϿգϷʡ׵ˣȫǰ𺳵һĻˡ
סȼΪԽϵ͵ˣ׷ʩչڵһɥȪ
ͬʱÿһӣȫŤһţֵ̿űըĺĵش
տɫĹУڹ£ܿɢֻһĹͳ׷ɻ
ʣһδһһ㣬͵ײ죡
ۡ
溫̫еĺ͵رɣҲǵɶ֮ϣһƬ֮ɫ
۽ƣȫ߶
̫סһϢȫ߶춫ĸλ۽ơ
ʱһ֮Уػ졣
Ȼһ̣ײʼˣ̺Ż֮Ĺ򣬸һײ죬ͷ𵴣˺ѣ
һﳤĿռѷ죬˺ѿÿһռѷ죬ܹ龳ĸ֡
ձռ˻ȥһƬӣռ䲻̮ͣţĩս١
ãƺҪֲסˣ
ĵҵ죬Ϊ֮
棬ٳ룡գǻĹźҿԶ죬ȴʧȥꪣ
棬ӿ޾Ļں֮⡣
ûϵԼһ׮£ȻΪһûĹź޾Σ֮У
ͣͣͣ
ĸУ̺۽ƣ޾ĵ䣬֮ÿһգÿһ˺ѵĿռѷ죬ȫת֮޸ɡ
۽Ƶ޸ٶȣԶԶϿռٶȣڶ̶̵һյʱڣͳΪһ֮ĵ۽̺ĵģҲǷɿĴ
̫ˬˡһսϺſܵ״죡壬Ҳû˵ϺſΪУ
鲻죬ȱϲЦտΪеĵһܵġ
Уһܳ۷ɣڵĽ£·ƾΧռ֮ռ̩ɽ
棬㻹ôϢٵĺ̫һֶܸ֮¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
̫һ
ڷ֮Ĺ£ӽ̫ҲľѪƾһ
۵һ˿л꣬Ϊػ죬׺ľ
ӽ󣬺̫Ҫ棬۵ƣɳ룡


660 Ѫ
˲ϢսΪͻıʣ˲ŤתһܲѴ֮úľȫѪϢ٣׵׵ɥʧս
񣬺̫е֣ҲԴ߶˵һܽսˡ
˵ֻҪһԸ⣬Ҫƾеĵɱ溫̫׾ٵ顣
Ұˡ
һ񱩵ĵһܣ̫ݵӲҰֽڣ̾һԵһܸ׳Ƴ
δ䣬ϺϿգһƬЦ
Ǻǿսķڷ䣬غҲΪܾ֮Ǵİ
ϷüëһһЦԶĺ
ôûʧգһὫԨ֮гȳ
׽˫ȭ֮һĨϲ
һռϷ磬ƾɱĹźҵҲ׾ٵ顣
˷ֱܵУ޲̻һܣԻĹźҽз¾նɱ
ǻĹźңˣ
ĵңնƷ«έһ㣬ȫɥʧ˾ƺһ߸ʬһҪ䡣
ûĹźңôܡϥһЩڵء
һƬ
Уһܺ·ĿһΪź棬̫ԹԽꪷ׳Իźһ·ĻҲʩչúҳ׻ҷ𣡡
һ
溫̫һлǵˮӣĿ֮ȴӹһĨһܣȻսʤҺ̫ĹźңģȡҵĺꪣҶ̴߶۽ƣ챬飬ʱвҲͬھ
Ϊ˱ȫꪣ̫粽ãв˵ˣһĹźңݺ꣬㽻ȻҺҰϣҲиĻĹ鷳ʱ򣬽ƾһ֮Ҫȫסˣ²̫ܣ
ԣһһЦͷЦ÷̫Ϊһɵ㺫ҵĸô뿴ӵſž׵ĲܹӦڤڤ֮еɷͨĸ֣ǰػҵİȫгһܹɷͨķӡ۵Խ˵еɽ磡
δ䣬溫̫ʱһǵ֮͸¶һɲ֮ɫ
ȷ
죬ΨеһӵŲеɵϣһĹźңΪУҪһնɱ𻯳ɵϣ
ǣֻҪһԸ⣬ôܿһܾܹɣΪʢһ
ȻΪĹңǣڵһò֮ǰȻ
㣬㡭˵ԭһܹھͷڵһ֮ܵ£ȴǲ
ģ񰵺ħ弴֣ҲڹϣɱսֻǣҪԺҸѪģնɱ˰ħ֮ҪԹԵؽꪷ׸ңˣұԽʱںҡ
һһЦ
ԣ溫̫ɫһ
ѪģѪΪ¶ģΥӽһΪɢΪһˡ
ǺԺҵĴиѪģôӽ󣬺ΥѪģͻ̱
ʱźѪĺҵӣΪˣ
ꪡ
Ҵи
ѡ񣬶ں̫˵ÿһѡʹ顣
棡
棡
ϺϿգÿһȫһغ֮䣬޺졣
ãҴӦ㡣
溫̫΢Ƭ֮󣬵һҧ˵ͷһ
ԣնĵһܲüͷ΢̫㻹и̸ʸô
̫һݲ԰׵أ¶һĨҿѪģǣ뱣֤ӽ󣬲ΪҺ׼¾κһҵӣĻԸϺΥڵѵҲЭ
һͷЦذ˰֣ģǻĹźң棬ϣһ
Ͷ֮䣬һܱ¶һϵĻϢ
һΪ
̫õ˵һܵĿ϶ٳɣ³һѪ־ʼ֮úҴи¶ġ
ͬʱÿһȫ˫Ѫغš
ҵӦҵĶģΥͬǴ̫һ硣


661 ֮
ϺϿգլ֮Уÿһõĺȫ˫Ѫб룬ûһΥ溫̫׷ѪģӦ档
ĵˣһҧϸһܵУŨҵԹ֮⡣
һȽϹѪĻ˵ܹɱˣʹѾ̤벻𾳽ĵһܣҲҪһغ
ˬ̫ˬˣһûĹźҸ׳ƳԸó˵ꪡ
һϲһҵĺȻ˵ʱںУǣҪ׸һܣʱû˵Ĺźҵۿۣ
ǰ죬ز¶ɱϣ
ʶһеզޡ
ѾӵһҪٶúꪣһ˶ռʱ򣬲𾳵ĸУܹƥУ
ȱƶЦ
Ϸüͷɳ⺣ꪣǺҵĴ֮ΨкѪܹ߶һֲǺȡ˺ꪣҲΪã벻ף
֮ѪĳΪһöģɢ֮䣬ÿһԺУһεķӡһδԣһΪһΪˡ
У̫űŵһܣҺȫѪģ㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
̫֪Ҫ򷢵һܣûô򵥡
һһЦųӽ󣬱پϺң⣬Ҫʮö鵤̲塣
ԣ溫̫һ΢Ƭ̣ҧҧӦ
ں̫˵أһܴ˷ǰΪսܣȻָ֮
϶ԣú̫׳ʮö鵤Ϊʹ
һѾѪģеꪶ׳ˣʧһЩ鵤Ҳء
ˣ鵤͸һܣ̫˻֣⣬ų
ĵɫתڸҵ֮Уɿش鵤ҩһȥ
ԼĪһĹ󣬺ĵռ˰ǧö鵤溫ִ̫̫Ӵͳһö鵤ҩʮö鵤һ˵һܡ
ûеѪԣһһ֮£ͽʶ̽봢У鵤ҩ֪̽һ飬΢΢˵ͷ
ٿأԶһȶ˵ٻӰһ·ӶϺϿ˵עĿ
һϮȹ£ǳվǸҸ֮еӣҲƵس׵ķ
ˡ
ϤٻӰϤݣײһһֻĸо
ףˡ
һ·ӣվ׵ǰ֮滨꣬ЦѤöĿף˵Ѿ˶ϵĴ㣬û뵽㲻ϧﺫңҪң
˵ţҲѹֲס͵ǰȥӵһ
Żеļ΢΢Ľ˵Ů㣬ײϲӣо֮ǰеŬֵˣ
ҡ
ԶУһҵԼ»ӣ׵ĻУҸ۵Цţ鲻Խس鴤һʹ
֮ޣͬˮ
ףҷģһ죬һὫƤң
˵ǰԼ»ӣгԶƵԹ
޲ǰȥ˺ƬѪ⣡
嶯
ź˫ֱ֮кµѪᣬԲԶĺĵæǰȰο
ҧгݣҡͷҲʹģܿ죬컯ɾͽ׻УʱһὫնɱйͷ֮ޣ
ԣĵǰһ˵ͷ
ʿԣµľɥʧǣħǺΪ׶ߣ״񣬲ħôӽ󣬺ҲԽ߾硣
Ψн⿪ħܼ
ںû컯ɾԼĸĵص㣬һħھ޴ĳ޴߶£øӿֲ
һߣϷʡˣȫһϲӵһĿ¶Ľɫ
ϲϲǶԼŮˣ
ߣǺˣǿ׵Ůˣֱʮ⣬ػ׻ƾԲɾһμѻ
ҿţգ׵ˣʱ嶼ǰأų𺫼Ҫö࣡
Ϸȱ˸ƶЦһ࣬۷׷ס


662 ϯ
УһһΣƾճϺϿգĿɨŻĹźһڵӣ񰵺ħ弴壬ϣʱĹźܹǰӣģȫӦս˵ҰʹӰֿеĴ֣ҶģʱҵһƱؽٻĹźң
һƳ죬ɽʹĹźѪ֮Ȼʾһ䡣
һĹźҴоԶҲպգڼսУԻᵣȫӦսһ㣬˵
̫ɫ
Ȼڵһָֻŵ̬ȴ
ã
һЦһӣһɰֱ˺գ۳һӴĻͨףʣλѣҴҪһǡ
ǰߣ
ǰߣ
ҹ·׷׹͡
֣Ҳˡ
ȱһЦ׹˹֣ǣӰһӣ˵һԡ
һмͣš
ಣಣ
תۼ䣬һ뻪ȱˣͨʧ١
ףҲҪȻҪ¡
ҹתͷףЦʲô鷳ҪԮֻһ仰浽
δ䣬ڳһ꿡׷׵һ
ҹ£龳ְڹ֮УһָĴȻ浽
ƮƮһ仰ʾ֮ΪĹϵˡ
ײΪŽ壬ͷСǵ𾳵ĵһܶҪӣʶĸԸǰȭ
𽣶ڹеĵλ½ѷɫڻĹˣŽڣκһ
ҺãŽվͬһӪΪʸŽ龫ˣ
꿡զп겻ѡ
ǰ񰮣¸м׳ʱȭһЦͬ˺ѳգһʱ
λѣ˷Ϻһսлǰȭ˳üΪ˱м֮飬һڽ𽣶ϯλϣλ
֣졣
֣ɱУҳǰȾƳ⣬ȻҲٲһݣЦ͸һ˷ܣΪָе
ҹųǹЦǺǵִ磬Ϻһս״˽𽣶ȻҪȥһϲơ
Ϸ΢΢һЦ˵Թˮݣ̾Ϻһɽһжд̣ܹѵĹźһһɽһǾϲӣԵҪһ
̾һʵؿЦٺ٣ҵҪǺҺǾƲҵģ񿴵ִչȭţѹ˹飬Եͬڡ
һֵܣײһů
ζһЦȤ֣Ҿղײգɴڽ콫Ȣ˰ɣҲøһ֣պ˭ٸҴ⣬Ҫ˼ˣϺҾƲ
ûû
ɴֱӰóװɣҲ׼ı⣡
˫ϲŰ
֡ϷˣǸƶЦ
һϮȹ׵Ļһڴף˫һգһգƤɰ
еڴײεӣӡ
˵ʵĿУԼŮˡֻǣ֮⣬׻һաңûüٰ׾óףǴûˣ
ʱ׵Ļ񣬽ɢ
λѣлλĺ⣬ֻǣһ¡ĻѡһգºǰϺףҪһĻ񣡡
һҵһдʡ
͵͵һף׶ϽЦָ磬ܹðΣգϧĹź˺Ҵ޵ԨȳһҾѾˣڽʽҲں
һ٣һڨЦףһתѹɤİգҲԽ޵ͷģ㲻Ϊѡ
ԣײ΢΢һһŹֵЦɫӣ־ϲ
ò˵Ϊƽ⣬ԸʵҲͷ
һŮ˵ν
ҡ촽Ƭ̣˵ʲôû˵ڡ
Ž壬֮ӡҲ΢ܹõĴ࣬Ѿϲˣ̰Ҫռ
ĿڣƺΪСϲЦտ


663 
׼磡
״һУһҾսƾճ֣ǰȭһڵѣ׵֮£׼磬ɿŽ𽣶Ӷȥ
𽣶ڲƽǰ֪Ϣ˰ϯ¡׽ӷϴ
Ϊ̫Ž𽣶棬ѹĹҵ֮Ӻý𽣶ƽҲй⣬ء
ңϺϲڽ𽣶죬ҲĪĺô
иȫڽ𽣶СУΪ컯ɾһͷѪòɿԴˣһֻ۱һֻۡ
ϺһսɢиȫΪ֮𾪣ͷ𣬷׷ױºǰμӽ𽣶ʢϯϲ˳
𽣶죬ڹвĹźȣҪѷһ
𽣶һףҲôĶ꿡׷ǰףºеҪ£ϵ
ǣϺһս֮󣬹еĸȫʶ׵һܹ붯𾳸ȭˣһܹ龳浽ˣÿһζύ
𽣶һСУЦȥǾϰǰμϯˣʤϯ
⣬ƽϲԽǣÿһǰμϯļαĺһһ¡ء
еĴһ裬еĴһǧеĴ鵤ҩÿһеҪ𽣶£ϵ
𽣶ͬǣϺĹźңҰزкȥһƬ壬ԴϺһս֮ԭĹźұѺõҲ̲ڣЩֱǲʹߣºǰ𽣶칧ס
һĻĻ󣬺һ㣬Ĺźҵอ֮У˵ı
𽣶ڲ˳ɽһ¥֮С
ö˳죬˫ѪѽѵذţףС֣ȻɣشһĹźңвҺѪģ޾裡
ҧ׶ģƺҪ˶ɡ
û˻ϵý𽣶춫˳ķ죬ȻǺҵ
źҵѪȻ˵첢պĸȴǺˣԣҶ˵ǵڶҡ
踺أ£ڼݴ𽣶ĸ߲㣬ҳΪ˶˳ķΪ𽣶ָĴ
˭룬ȴǱһé®׸ȫڸ˷ͷ⣬ܵǣĹź׵ѹ£Ϊ˹еһЦĵڲ෹󣬶˵٩һ
ˡű졣

ʶһɨʱԭɷϢҲһ˲ࡣ
űƿ뷿ŵһŨױĨĻŮģҲͶʮ꣬Ȼ컿һŮūжѩ
ϺһսѾʼԴǣƽΪ˸ַӷϴСдϯ񣬹еĸ׷ױºǰء
ѩҪҪҲ׼һЩ񣬲μϯ
ԣ첻Ϣһϣһ
ûĹźɨأΪ죬ȻҪºȥף
ڶʲȥ
ˡҶ졣𽣶еĸѾȫ룬ֻʣδҪƽ׷Ӱ첻áңǽ𽣶Ĵ󹦳ƽǰĺˣδƽ֮λĽߣҪΪӽùˡ
ѩŬȰ˵š
˭룬쾹ŭһһƽǰ̴ľĳƬüԵŶѩЦҸַ񣿺ããұһ
˵ţ׼񣬸С硣
ϯ֮УУ˿Ӷһã۸֮ǷйԹ񶼸úͿû˵ϯϷ
ϣŽ𽣶ĸ߲㣬ƽ֮⣬½ϷֵǰϺȭſȻҲϡ
𽣶ĸ׷׶űӸ׾ƣδƽÿһȫ£ͽᡣ
׺ȾƷǳʹ죬һһϯŨҡ
˵ǱŽύ׶ģƹѲ˹ζÿһʱؽĿͶףܹҵһ϶׾һƣ졣
ϧϯһʼͲй׾ƣһһһһͷһЩֻð̾ҡͷԡ


664 о
ף컯ɾ̽ǧǹ꿡壬һҪúñ֣𽣶췢󣡡
һ
׻æͷǣַģһȫԸĺ
һ˵컯ɾ꿡壬ȫ
ǼϷֵˣ컯ɾޱȵ
컯ɾֻдʥµ߲ܽ룬ٲȻǶһһһ뵽컯ɾ֮ĵرҾЩȲˣ
ƶЦֻҪԸ⣬컯ɾеıȫ֮һ
컯ɾеĵرȻʤ쳣˷еֶһеٮٮߣҪɱΧȡԵף
ѵ
ϷЦһЦ˵컯ɾҵĵط翵ĵرǿ꿡һ£
ڽɽһϷԸ𱬣Ϊö
۵һ񾲵ЦţֻһˣʱϸĵظƼӲˣΪ硣
ٿȻһٻӰϯ֮У£ȻһŮһ˲עĿ

ǺøȻֻ̤ӵұĽʺޣ
˵ϹĶҲ˼һײ޵̬ôÿһӣŽ尡
Ը꿡ţȫһʵס
㡣
һæվλøЩվһԡ
ͬ㣬պҪһ򣬱һˡ
СǺˬһЦһͬ˵ЩءΪ㣬ָ粻ϧðΣգɱ뺫飬ÿһŮ˶Ϊ֮жɡ
һĻʱЩ㣬Բ𣬶ָվǣҶˣ
һЦûˣָŽ壬һЩĥѣ˳̤ɡֻϣպǽܹЭɡ
һԸȸԾ
罺ŮһϸײЩЦűӼӦꡣ
˳ˣٿ˺һ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀȫѭȥֻ١̤Ͳѥһϲϯ֮УϿһһߵУױʴװʮ־
ˣ˵Ц
ʮֺˬϣƱǺƽ΢΢һЦֿףƽ̣ˣ
ԣײɫһ䣬æվ˰֣ĪЦҲ̫ķʱΪƽ̣
һЦЦǫˣ𽣶˲֪ƽնĽӰˣƽʲô
û˵Ķԣ
ַͳ˰ɣ
ַǫ飬ڽ𽣶ڣ˭㣿ƽ֮λ𽣶죬ȫ⡣
ڳ׷塣
Щεͷؿƽ͡˭룬;ţһеãĿ⡣
͵ʲô񣿲һ˶ߣһͲǷ
򿪿
ע⵽һ˶ߵĺ
ܵ˺Ŀ⣬һЦŮѩʹ˸ɫѩ⣬ǰһ˶ߵв𿪡
һ̣ڳĿһĻˣ֮УȻһڽӲӵͭӣ
Ȼ˵ͭһͲǷʵϼѣǸɶõķ˵ĺͭӵģ
ӣгգ
ⲻô
ʱ׵ɫĸҲѻȸ
ȻΪ֮Ҫ׳࣡
ƽĻµˮ©Բ᷸˵ӵĴΨһĿܣΪ֮
ҪһδµһʱʧҲˣϼ޻Բԭ¡
ˣͷһԸ񡣡
Ц
Ǹһãײõ˵棬ѵ죬Ͼǽ𽣶ˣνҳ»Ҫչһ½𽣶ġ
Ͳˣ㾴ƾˡ
˭룬쾹һƣ΢΢°ͳζһЦ
δ䣬Ϸֵˣȫһŭ죬˫֮ɱ⡣


665 һ
ϷԸ𱬣Цһһζ죬ҪҴ־Σ
˵ţƱ׼ơ
ԣڳһ˵ȣɵصһһŹֵϷ졣
Ϸϻ֮ӡ˽֪ɽһκλĹңȻĹһҪ࣬ΪĹҪ˼Ӱ죬Բ׳֣ǽûκι˼ɣǻĹҲҪ֡
ԽɽһϷȻҪ쾴ƣ
Ϸ𽣶ķȻЩֵһᣬݵλȨƣȫһεĴڡ
ɫ΢ЩεϷ
ȻϷ̬ԲҪ̧죬෴пǹҲ硣
˵Цˣ𽣶ͣӦúдǡоˮ׼Ϸơ
˭룬Ϸһһĵ죬ѵղųƺΪ֣ӸôȻֵƣ
ৡ
δ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢػ۵ϣЦ
Ĵ
ڳͶζĿ⣬ҧͷֱĻӲûз쭣ŶҸˣȸˡ
˵ţҾС
ϷһЦ⣬ÿ죬תͷ׳ϵرǵؾˮƺѾˡ
ϻģžƱһεϷŭ֮ɫ
־˾ƣѵҾô
ٿأԴĤ΢΢һ
򼧼ҼӢ֮ӣ뺫һǻĹңһǵ
ϢΪ֮һϡ
ȫôЦһǿˣһ졣
û뵽˳죬ԭҪ̫һɫ˭룬ǵûѿ׵һֵܸһ٣
Ҫ׳֣
ȫȡ裡
ƽ̣㿴
ڼв֮£ЩΪѵؿƽܹͣʱԮ
û취ƾݵλû취ͼƽȵؽҪ뼧ԣֻֿԵķݡ
Ŀ⣬𽣶ƽͣȻţֻһ׽յ̸ȫˡ
һĻһʱɫɬ
Ȼƽȫվ׵Ӫ֮УֿԵļһΧ
֮£аоƱ͵һ٣ǸҲʤͲˡ
֡ϷˣЦеȴЦۿ췢쭣һɫ
Ȼ㲻ҾƣǾǿҼ񣬸򼧼ҡ޷Ҵ򼧼Ҹ㾴ơ
վŲæһƣȻ͵һˮһ
ȫȻ˵Ŀȫһ˲۹һۿˡ
ϷֵܣҪ׳ˣ죬ڽ𽣶һ֮뼧Ϸ˱ȫֵһˡ
Ĺżɽһ·Ǽ򵥴ֱڽ𽣶ĵ̣Ȼ˿ӣǼٰ裡
ͻһ𣬲֪𽣶ƽͻ᲻֣ƾδ˽𽣶ڽ𽣶У½޼ɵˣ
ڸ꿡壬׷׿ǰΪĵһĻ
μӽ𽣶ᣬҽ𽣶ϱ޼ɵңĪҲ磬Ҫǽ𽣶£
ɫԵż
ͽһñӿΪ˵ǴҲ磬Ҫ𽣶ѿ
ԣϷֵˣӴЦǿŰ׳һ죬δЩߣǴ˷ǰȷǲμӽ𽣶ᣬȫףʲôҲ𽣶컮ϵȺţ
δ䣬֡Ϸˣȫ޼ɵطЦ
ԸһȻ
ֵַңڸѿôҲǽ𽣶һ֮ǲЩ治ûн𽣶ƽ
֮£ֱӽìܶ׼ףҿҪ˶ãҪͼı췴ıȨλˣ
һ˲ȫž֮С
죬Ȼͼı췴
Ĵﰡ
׻̧ͷбһ죬һЦǺǣҸӣƺһҲӣһ


666 Ż
δ䣬ڳһһЦһ׷Ц
ףȻһ
ţȰԵ
ַδЩ̫
ȫͶĳĿ⣬첻ɫΪ֮һس鴤ȻʼԴǵĴˣʡϻˡһֲֿĴڣȫ鲻ǳǣڽ𽣶֮УôҪˣͬţδЩĿ𱰣ûнƽͬŷ
һףֱ¡ֵȭǰȥƴһսˣ
Ǻǣڿ˵Ŀ𳤣ûнƽǺãھƽ̣˭֪ô
ܻ죬һЦתͷһ֣˵ҽ쵱ڳʮƣ֣
ৡ
ʱ񡢷֡ϷˣȫһȻЦ͡
ԸĹҲ׷׵һŰ·ˣ
ȵĿ⣬ɤӣ˵ڳȫĿĻҾóʮƣЩˣҲҪ˫ȣƵΪһˣ
δ䣬ȫȻ
ٺ٣ʹ죡ϷƶЦ
ƽ̷ˣҵҪ컹ʲôҪ˵ζһЦ
ƽ̣Ȼַ̻δЩԽ𽣶Ĺϳеģ
ֱ£ȻڱԵ
ԭΪڳǵڸѿҲô˭룬;Ȼƫ̻ףȫûн˳ϡ
ϵһЩϣƽպദ񿴵ɨأҪļ䣬һ͵ļƣȻֻףʱЩȻЩʡ
ֵ֣һҲûҪȥˡ
֣΢΢һЦվʱ˵Ŀȫ۽׵ϣλҪߴһ飬ⶫ˳죬ʵǺҵڼ飡
δ䣬ȫһƬȻÿһ˾զп겻ѡ
ѹ޼ɵ죬ԭǺҰڽ𽣶ڼ飡
˵𽣶ƽ̣Ϊλ᲻裬ԭǸͽ
ܹΪ˳֮ڽ𽣶пా£òײ˽յĳɾͣδ룬ȴǱ¶ݣ
ԸʼԴ꿡壬ȫȻ򣬰ͷ
ԭ˳֮ǺҰڽ𽣶ͽ񣬺𽣶쳹˺ˮݣ׽ѵҲ˳ˡ
ʲôȻǺҵڼ飿
û뵽ز¶Ǳڹ
ѹַҪѵˣԭҪŻ
𽣶ĳϡȫһжʱƽࡣ
ַĪҪѪˣôҳϲڿҿңһԲ𽣶飿ȻǺҵڼ飿
ȻһûϵԼڼݣȻҴˣʱЩҵر
飬ܳϣĻ·һ·ҲȲ
Ѫˣ
üͷһζЦãѪˣձߵŰݣǣǺҰڽ𽣶ڼ飬ͱʹɱ֣Żˣ
һ٣һҵ죬һھͶѪģźѪôú
ǲڼ飬ܼ򵥣ֻҪ֮Ѫľͳˡ
첻ǺҰڼ飬ûкѪôȻѪģҲ޹ؽҪ
ǣһźѪôԾͻ̾ͻӴΪһ߲ķˡ
ף̫
ҧͷ͹
˷Ѵҵʱ䣬ǻҪַףءЩ಻סشߴ
ಣ
˭룬ε죬ʱһԾΪһ⣬ҪС硣
ͻһĻڳУһȻ
첻׵ʣֻʶӣζʲô
ζ첻УǺҰڽ𽣶ڼ飡
ҿ쿴ǲֻʶӵ죬ĺ˵һһأ
ϷƶЦ
񡢷ָ̿˵ûһɥȮ
Ը𱬵Ϸæ˵֣ǧڼˣ
׽ظĵ죬һģġ


667 ʥ
ŵ֣
ŭڣڽɫѪ˲仯һƬֻһʯХһɫҵػȥצֱֻʶӵȥ
Сȫ˻
ÿֲƣΪŽ壬һ־Ͳͬ죡
Žжʮ꣬Ҫгһգ̤ɣؾΪһɳ죬ʼԴǣҲĶ֣
֪ܷס׵Ĺ
ԸĹȫ²̧ͷȥ۷׷ס
ֻһ죬⧲ֱӱɫƷڵأ飬ˡ
ۡ
ͷһѪһ֣أԷҲƵضݿնӡ
𣡺
װЦٿŽɫͣץ죬һʱ䣬쾪֣ҧ
ףϸܣѹһĹźңһĹźѪģ˳𲻱Ǿӣһ죬Ĺźһ㸶ʮٱĴ۵ģ
첻ͣţٿأһУһɢϹʥ˳ʥն
ŭһѪӿ޾ʥϯЯĽֱӽɫնɱڳ
ȫһƬȻÿһ˾ǵһĿࡣ
оȻһʥʥĹźΪ죬ҲѪˣ
ľΪŽ壬ûơʥ֣ʤͲ˵ˡ
ΣնɥȪʥ𽣶У
ڳһ׷ÿһĿ⣬ȫ۽еʥ֮ϡ
ģСӵȻһʥΪã
˫˸˸Ź⣬ȻЩȲҪϳˡ
ߣǸȭ֮󣬺Ĵһ
֡Ϸ׷뼧һͬ׵ԡ
Ĵһ֣ȫѹ죬Ȼʥ֣ҲǸεѣͷ乶䡣
ףǵҪˣԶʤ٣ĻĿڤظҲҪΪ鷳
˿٣飬ȫ߸͹𣬺һա
ãʹ죡
һԵļ񡢷֡Ϸ˰˰֣ҽ𽣶ļ£Ͳ鷳λֵˡҵǹƥԽɱ
еţ֡Ϸ׷׵ͷҲټ֣»صϣƱһͰеɱսһ߽յ˵Ц
㣬˵ָ᲻ΣգЩǵ
̧ͷ죬˫˸˸Ź⣬÷ģָŽ壬ôġ
ɵӦһǽŵץ½ؿС¹ײ
У״ȫɣѪ죬еʥɢϹ⣬Χɿռ䶼ҵ
ҿڳֲ֣üƣͽԵľػ򣬶꼰㣬ܲ
նأ
ŭ죬׵Թ裬һ㾡ȫҪһնɱ
¡¡
޾ʥϯ£ɽһնѹȶףһ絭ᣬƺûн쵱һ¡
һһǧɵĽâҪСնϣ˻鰧
һ̺޾ʥԹɱ⡭һк
ȫΪ֮һ˷׷ɫ䣬ȫһˡ
ס֣
ãȫһϢΪ֮һϡ
ǧһ֮ʣ޾ĽɫѪڳ˲۳һһֻȸһֻ׻һֻ䣡
׻ȸ䣬Ĵ޵նһӭǧɵĽ
ΪŽ壬Ǵ˵ŽĴطһ֣ٻĴӰޱߣʥʥ˲ɢ
Žų𣬽ĿãȻͬ죡
ÿֲս
Ÿ߿еͷӰڸĹȫһһЩ꿡զпһ֮顣
ȻŽսסˡ
¡¡
һ̣Ŀ鷢ˡ
ͷӰ׾پͽǧɵĽˣ⻹㣬ȻδֱĿ죡
ⲻܡ
㾡ȫһȻ׾ٵظƽˣз˫Ѫ
һ죬ûģȸӰʹ͸Ѫ֮գۼ䣬Ƥǣȫȼճһѻҽ


668 
ʯ֮䣬ױնɱ˰벽ʥ죬Ƴ죬˸ῡ塣
ΪŽ壬ֿȭͽӵʥɱˣպɾ磬ʼԴǣҲûм˻ŽĶˣ
ԭΪƾʥܹŽ嶷һ˭Ȼ˵òһ
Žħ֮δǱѹһܡּĴڣҪ£Žˡ
ڳһῡ壬ȫզп겻ѡ
Դ¹Ӧ̨һս֮׾ѾĳƺţһЩſ̫һӵʥİ벽ʥնɱˣƳ죬ȫÿһ꿡尵ľ
Ȼһս֮׽ΪʼԴǹϵ
ʥ
һӣһεϯֱӽʥʥС
ʥԣץУԾ죬ƺҪ׵ƿء
ϧڽɫѪ͵һͽʥʥȫѹˡ
֣ɵúã
ǰ׵ļϲЦտ
֣ŽĴطǶ簡
ûһۣʼԴͷʵˣ
֡Ϸҹ˾ǸƶЦ
Ҿ˵ָ粻µġչһЦС˵ģɿ˽߬½³һ
ʦ֡
״»صλϣһӣʱֻ࣬СָֻһƬ־󣬡ҽɻʥһʥ
еʥһЦΪҵڼ飬ా£ҲûгΪʥȫƾΪ˳Ҫҽ𽣶Ĺźҳ˺ƤҲ׼ô罫䴦
΢΢һЦֱӽʥףʥˣȻʦܽɻģȻսƷ
ԣײǰһ˼еʥһƣʥãѾ˽ʥ
еĽǹ龳Ĵܶ첻ѡһʥȫ׵ķۡ
񡢷֡ϷˣԽյȫȻûнעʥϡ
Щʥ˵һʥֵôС֡
Ҫʥ͸ɡ
һʥݸ
СŮһ˵Ļϸૣ׽һ
ҲŲϡأҺôҲƽǧһʥʲô
΢΢һЦһѽʥݵǰͬ㣬ֱ˴ˣʥ͸ɡ
δ䣬ײɵΪ֮һ
Ȼʥת
ԭðΣգǰϺĹźҾԴף뽫ʥ͸ƽһ㡣
˭룬ǵûкԴףһ罺ᣬϵǢú׽һ
ŽǺøȻͬʱλӵķģ
û뵽Ž岻Ǹ֣Ǹ鳡֣ͬʱλӽãȻʮǢ
ҪܹһЦٻʮҲԸⰡǼŽ塣
õԸ꿡壬ȫզпһĽʺޡ
ʥָ͸ģôҪأ
΢ҡһƴǡ
龫ֵسʹ˸ɫǶһˣﻹֱ˴˰ָ˵ô
æͷǣ°ɡ
׵Ȱ˵£ڹ΢΢һЦ׺л
֣ҺϹǸѾͷڣĻŮһ̨Ϸ϶ܵģ
һЦס
һ뵽Ϲģײͷһð˼һѣ±
գڸſе˳õԽ컯ɾ
еûܵõźѡ
ڸῡ壬ȫ׷ǣԴظֽ߲Ĵ㡣
컯ɾһĻԵˣ˵ڲŵõɵĿأÿһʿǳڴ
𽣶ڲҲٿһڲ飬ѡһЩſ׼컯ɾֱԣһġ
񡢷֡ϷҹˣҲ׷׸ǣظ׼Լһӣ׼һγһͬ塣


669 Ե
𽣶ϿգۼŸʥߣһȺۼһ͸¶ɷ֮⡣
˷𽣶쵹ʼԴÿһ˵޾ջ
ǣÿһ˳ӵн컯ɾʸġ
̵̭֣ʧȥ˻ʸ񣬵ǣȴû̴ظǾڽ𽣶ϿգŻ׼
νƥﻳ
Щ˳꿡壬Ϊ˸ӵĶԣû㹻ǿıȻҪסҲһ׵顣
𽣶ϿգǧƵжһĿ¶ʣȻȺ򲻼һսˡ
ȻΪʼԴǵıҵ𽣶졣ǣ໥֮ȴûôɱӣԥ
ο֮䱾ͽ޲̾һС
ٿأ˾һˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲ѭȥֻСĳڴǧƵῡ׷׳·ɢ
ͬʱ׼ĸʥߣ׷ӭǰȥػҵ꿡塣
¡¡
¡¡
ǧƵ꿡带һΣ𽣶ϿվһƬңռ𵴣˻
ĵ⽣Ӱϯء
ɱȡеһĴ󺺣ʥ߻һ󣬵εԶһཻİ
֣㡭һ㵣ȻδϵոսύĺѣͻȻԼʹɱ֡
ٷϻٽһЦһеŰնɱ
һ׼ݿնӣǰʥ߻ϣɫʥߣȻϢΧ£ĿضŰ
͵һһ̺ʥĵâҺһ촦һغ
֣ӣ
һУֱӽĴץУʥߵĻ£롣
ͬһĻĻڽ𽣶ϿղţಫѪգΪľһ翵Ļᡣ
ʦ֡
͵ˣŲСзӶȥֽ𽣶ϿǧƵȺɱһţһû뵽ǷȻһҾ磬Ҳ֪жΪ˶һö֣Ϧ֮ҷ𡣡
΢΢üȻҲδϵʧأŭһշɶɣ˰Уͬʱһʥİѹȶ£Ƴɽһ㣬ѹ˵ͷ
һЩʵ꿡壬׷ͷһѪһЩʥߣҲɫҰףҡ
ס֣
ͱһһ㣬쳹ȫʱڳʿȫһ٣׷ͣ졣
񰵺ħ弴ǵļ԰еǰǲЭͬУȴΪһöɱֱǷǲ֣ڰײ档
ڳȵĿ⣬һӣĸӴĴ̨ƾճڰУһ֣ͷɿ󣬶һ̨ʮ뵣ԡ
ĸ̨ͨǸԲһ̨뿪𽣶졣
ըһ㣬쳹ĤֻҪ뿪ҽ𽣶ΧҪҪɱϤ㣬ӽ𽣶ްϸ𡣡
˵ţȫ£һɹɰʥϯ£ѹȵһʿЩ
̨ʼԴѰĶֻҪܹ꣬д͡
ǣ⴫̨ʹãһɻ䣬Ǿڴ͵ĹУռҪȶױռѷ֮УռɲƬ
֮ǰ꿡壬һСг𽣶ϿվһƬ֮Уûа취дͣԣֻǿгΧѰ
͵ѹ£ǧʿһ˸ҷռʱȶ̥ʿ׷𣬲봫̨֮ϡ
ಣಣ
ÿһ̤봫̨ˣͶڵһʱ佫䴫ߣһյĹеȫ뿪
ʦ֡
˸߿УͲش֮󣬶򣬶ΪһȷѪˡ
ԣ͸ֶʼԴУÿһ̶ʮ
֮㣬֮㡣ǿǿʤ̭بŲĶҪȡԵҪ㹻ʱֻܳΪ˵ĵʯģе̵ţ˵죬ԣʼԴݵɱ¾Ҳ⡣
һЦ
ԣװͷ
һЩ֥С֮˴ֻ֣ҪһЩоԶûܵ𺦣ʼԴǵʵͲܵʲôӰ졣


670 ͯ
ಣಣ
ϺϿյһƬ֮Уһ׹ƾճ֣ȻǸոմӽ𽣶дͳʿ
ɱ
ȡɱ⣡
Ӱ½֣һոסΣеʥɱһЩʥȺٶӡ
ҦǧҶҦ񣿡
һɴϲεŮʥߵĻ£ٶӡ˭룬ûӳԶʥ߾Ϊ˸ŮϺΧˣת˲
ܿ죬Ůֻʣʥߣұ߰˸ʽװʥ߸Χˡ
ңҦҵͷŻңδҲ̫쿪ˣ
ֳʥʥЦһһӣ߰˸ʥǰΧҦǧ
ռ˻ʧɫ
֮䣬Ҧǧʥ߾ҦǧеҲС
ͬһĻϺϿղϵţײѪȣ顣
𡭡
ٿأһըװֱ̺һ޾ϯԲʮɵĿռȫҲɱ֮еʿȫεһ
һͷɽޣ֪ʱھ֮ϣգŭХ죬צģƺһܽǳȫУһ£ܽʼԴǸ븹С
ģҿʲôǴ˵еޣ
ɣ˵еޣһܹ꣬벽ۿĴڣô
һͷڵޣʵӦÿ龳ʿã˴գٳ룡
ÿһģʿȫεѣ´󺧣˲׷Ӵܡ

Ȼһ̣ʿȫһĻˣ֮ϵޣȻһţһɿֲʱ޵Ŀϯռɽ𵴣һӴĺڶƾճ޵ѪС
ˣ޳ˣǶҪʳˣ
ɱƴˣ
ʥն
ܵӿÿһʥȫо̶жѡҧŭһеʥȫޡ
ϣϣϣϣ
ɲǼ䣬԰ټƵʥͬʱͷŹѤãѸͣ׷ϯȥ
ϧڿ龳ǰʥ߼Ĺȫֵһᡣתۼ䣬ʿͬϰټʥȫ޸˸УΪ˸ʳ
ϺϿգŻһƬɱ죬תۼ䣬Ȼƽ˾һƬš
ȥΨһͷƵشſ˺֮ϡ
ಣಣ
Ӱƾմ֮˳һɫͫ׵ŮħƵǿһۣƺ˲ָܽ˵Ժ֮С
˳ڱꡢѪŭʡָĸ֮Уʹֱӱһɱħͷ
վŮԱߵһֻа׸ߵСŮŽ𻨶ǶͷǱ裬һཱུģźǣһ˫ֻ۰ףûͫһȥģΪˡ
ޣ³
ŮһϮۣس˵һ仰
ײеһ˳ӵſѪڣϰټʥٸָ˳
ŮһУֱӽϰټʥȫ˷ӿĺˮ֮Уƺʥһ޶
ŮĿٸָϣЩָȫΪ֮ֻҪŮԸ⣬ȫ˽ռС
ţ˳ϰٸ컯ɾУܶռһ˿Ե
Ůضֻа׸ߵ
¸£ǰħ壬Ϊ壬˶׼񣬻̽׶Σʵʵ֣嵱ǰħѪʳ
ֻаߵŮȴɳƵúƷˣʼԴϵǿߣֵĲǵһСˡľɢأ֮У¸¡
ԣŮҾţ컯ɾо˵ŵõɵİأ˷һҪӶһЩħ컯ɾҪܹõԵǰħʵҲһء
ΪŵŮĮһЦڰǰħľӣһ컯ɾУΪƷ
ˣʼԴŲٻĹңýᣬ䣬ʼԴһ֮С
ŮɤɳƵһɱǰħֳɹϣͻֱ
˵ţշ˸ͷͫŮʧ١
޶˶ӣ𣬽̤һƬա


671 ִ
Ͽգһ׹ƾճ֣һüĿ꣬ٿ¶ΣȻԻĹŶҵĶҹ˿̣ҹ󣬺ȻžŸ۵ʥߣÿһʥ߾Ŀ磬˫ִʾɽʥ˴Ϣܡ
ݶټңݴʮ꣬ݵĻĹҡĹŶҵʤ
ԣȻҹҲŲٵȴûκεǰᡣ
ھŸʥߵĻ£ҹŶҷӶȥ
ҹһΪ˸𽣶ŽȭϧϾϵ峤ǳ
һƮƮʥߣ˵õǣһϺһսһͿأǶȻϺĹźңȴ𽣶챣õϵҲ̫⡣
Ϊֵܣҿ߲嵶ڡԣһһص壬
ҹһӣȻòüĿ㣬ȴʮָ㡣
ƮƮʥ߲һЦ˵ͷã仰㹻ˡһϺһսȻľٶǳ³çȴ룬ֻҪܹϴ峤ǵΪ㣬ء
ԣҹ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ҪҲΪȭһҲõ˶Խ컯ɾһ˿Ե
ҹͷһЦ
𡭡
ٿأһʴ±ɫɽ𵴣ҹŴʥȫȻһȥ
еϮ죬󣡡۵ʥͫ׽æһӴ֡
£Ŵʥ߷ɿͳʥ׼ӭս
ޣ
ҹһƣɫɣϣؾţ޲׵ĳˡ˵ǰˣû뵽ȻʼԴּˣߣȥһк
ԣƮƮʥ߲Ϣһϣ΢ԥƬ̣Ƿ˾衣
ת֮䣬յӴɣ˶ҹ˵ǰ
ޣ˶Ҷҹ𽣶ֵܡҹЦŴк˭룬ûһ仰˵꣬׶ޣ͵ſѪڣ·ɶ

ֱԲʮɿռȫΪ֮𵴺
ŴʥߣȫȻһԼ۾
⣬߲ƣǵѿ⣡
ƴˣҾͲţһͷޣܹսʤǾŴʥߣ
ɱ
Ŵʥߣڰ볤ϵ£׷׼Եʥ״һ㳯޿ɱȥ
һĽâ˺գֲ֮׾ٱܿɽ¾ǧ顣
ϧ޵ǰһеĹȫֵһᡣ
ſѪڣһټĺڶƾ۶ɣһͨ쳹صϯΧɽʯ֣׷װεض𣬱ڶ֮С
Ŵʥߣ׷ƺһֱӱ޵ĿУ̼䣬Ѫ׷ɣһغ
Ҫ֣
ҹһ̼ƴţޣŽֵܣΪ̳ҵˣ
ŷǵľŴʥߣҹ˫Ѫѽѡ

һӵбŶҹƺǿһֻ΢ϣ͵һſڣһ񳱱ֱӽҹƷ˳ȥ
ۡҹ⧲ֱһѪҿ˾󲿷ֵ񳱣ԶҹľΪڵһʱҰ
ޣȻҶ֣ɱҶҾŴʥߣ˳Ҽˣ
ҹѵشӵͦƺҪ޾һսݶңֺ¹κһյĶʮٱı
֮УҹֻýĿɽ˳׼ޡ

Զҹвȫûᣬ˻Դٶһ񳱡
һε񳱣ΪһƬ𺣣˲ûʣԲʮɿռȫΪ֮궯ҹȫ޿ɱܡ
ϡ
ٿأԶһӰХգ۵Ĺ򣬾˶ҹǰֻһһǧɵĽӰֱӽĻ𺣸ɢ
ִϣ
ҹһݣǰһϮ۵ˣٺĿϲͷ
ͷ޵սѹʥ龳ǿߣҲδĶ֣
ִĿ棬бһ۸߿еޣҧһѽҹץ𣬻Ϊһ⣬˲Զա
Ѿݵؽ磬ݶּΧԶԣִȫӣֻҪ붫ټΧ޾ޣڣ㾡ȫɱ޶ȵ޸ɱҲǲܡ
ХӰ涣ҹһ뵽ľŴʥߣӭᣬһŭѹƣִϣȥһ𽣶죬ҪҪһ˵


672 һδƽһ
ΪҪȥ𽣶Ҫ˵ִȫӣһޣϲǣ޲û׷
ޣŽһҹҧгݡ
ʲôŽĳݶҾŴʥߣĪŽڱʹ
ִɫĿ塣
ΣҶҪؽ𽣶죬׵ţҹ
֣
ִɫᣬŽ°Եʵһܳ޼ɵͷģô㷵ؽ𽣶죬Ͷ
ҹƴҡͷײˣңǶңݻĹңʮ꣬𽣶ȻʵһܳҲδؾ͸˺
һˣҹʱ侲࣬΢Ƭ̣ҿͷ˵Դ󷢣ɥʧǣŽҶҵʥߵѪʳȫŵΪ޹ء
ߣҿ㵹ǱŽƻǣҶҾŴʥ䣬ȴΪŽ忪ѣǵҲ֣
ִһ
ϣҷؽ𽣶죬飬Ҫһ˵Ҳûȥˡ
ҹеѪ߷˵
飬Ի峤֮飬Ҳɲ
ִ˿ᶫҹҪץŶҹӡ
ͬʱ֮ϣյʣתʧ١
ţղΪʲôʹɱ֣ҴһնɱŮɤһƬ
ǽҪģǵɱ¾Ҫ֮Ĺϵǽ𽣶Ž壬ͷʢһܳǽˮȫ𽣶죬˵һ
һɳƵɤ𣬡ʱķսѪɺӣǰħ彫Ѵ֮ʼԴǵ
źüıһĿ˭Ůݺɤ
ҡ
ɳɤ

ңͬһĹңκһĹңݴһѰʦЦǵȻ
ϺңɽңѰϣ뱱ȣֵһᡣ
дԣĹŷռű򽫽һĲƸҲ˵ҿűͨƴ֣ɵйҵͲʤǳ
˿̣Ĺŷҵһ֮УһȺ꿡壬ÿһ꿡ַ
λһĹŷңѰʦ컯ɾ֮̽һҪȡĵر
ǶҶֵܣһͬ컯ɾһҪȫԸ


ڳʮ꿡׷ϲЦտ΢΢
ǽ컯ɾƾ֤κһʿı
֣ΪִҪ𽣶Ĺżҵϣһͬ컯ɾ
һò毺õ긾Ůüͷŷ֣峤ѾһΪ꿡壬Էַ㲻󲿶һͬ컯ɾȴ˽Դ𽣶졢ĹżҵĸһͬжͲ³⣿
ְ˰֣չһЦİɣֵ֡֡ˣȫҵֵܣֲ컯ɾʲôġ
긾ŮȻǵҡҡͷ֣ʵ̫ˣ֮䣬û飬ֻ棬컯ɾرʱ򣬸𶼻Ϊر໥ɱֻż˽ж϶Կġ
ңҾŽĹżҵ֮ҪҪǷҵѰ
긾ŮĵȰ˵š
ҡҡͷԼᶨѾԡһΣ˽´ֵϣ۳ɰܣӰ֣Ͼ峤Ѿһ꿡컯ɾԣǲҪˡ
𡭡
ٿأĹŷҵϿգһʯԵ̴ľϣһˮӦѡ
ʲô飿Ȼһ̧ͷ졣
ͬʱ԰ټƵķҵӣ׷׳˳ѭȥ
һ̣˾㵵鷢ˣһͷɽһ·ӶֱĹŷҡ
ģҿʲô˵еޣ
˵ڵޣܹ벽ۣû뵽Ȼڴ˵ؿһͷޣȻģԲС
죬׼նɱޣ
£Ĺŷҵլ֮УһӰÿһӰʥ߼ĴڣĿ磬׺ݵŷӶޡ
ޣֵĳ
ǰһס׼ֵˣλĪţһֵܵĳޣҷң͵ġ


673 
δ䣬ȫ΢΢һһпһֵܵĳ޼Ϊֲ֮󿰱Ȱ벽ۣǺӢܹ˵еޣ
ԣһȻظŽĳҲҵֵܡ
˵Žĳڳķȫпѡ
Ž壬ųһˣʮ꣬ưһΪպǱ޿
ҿŽ彻ãպǻĹŷҲܸմմ⡣
Сӵͦģ
һЩҵĳϣ׷׸Ц
𡭡
תۼ䣬ޱ˷Ͽգֻæ𣬾ֱ޵ǰЦޣŽֵܣ˷ǰҪҷô
޺ǰķ֣һ·լϿգʱڳһʥߡʥȫȻһ׷ͳʥȫ䡣
ޣҷҽأ˶ȻڡһεǰȰ˵š

˭룬޾͵һצӣһ󾢷ХֱӽָƷ˳ȥ
⧲֮£۵ĲҺһƶ߷һ׹
֣ǵзѣ
ߣ֪󣡾ȻһĹŷҰձڴˣ
ŽôĵӣȻʹɱǻĹŷңֱ̫ˣ
ֳʥķʥߣ׷ȫ
ͣͣͣ
һʱ䣬Ľ̺ŻصܣƺҪһ˲նɱƬ
𡭡
ֻһըװȫĹ˳ſѪڣֱһƬҵĻ𺣣

޾Ļ𺣴ϯԲʮɣĹŷҶʱڻ֮УһƬҺ
ͬʱ޵ĿУһټĺڶɿ۳Σֱӽǰʥ߸˸У̼䣬Ѫɣʥδüȣһغ
ΪҪɱҷˣ֧Ŵ֮վѪȾ½гŸ֮ɫŲʣŷŭ
ɱһĹŷҵʥߣ
ٿأһԶһɰֱڳһʿȫǰһ
峤ˣ
峤֣޽޴ӣ
ÿһĹŷҵӣȫϲЦտ
𡭡
յޣܵ˰ƣƺԤвݿնȥ֮زز
ãˣ
峤
һ֮ززÿһҵȫ
ವһ峤նͳһɫһգ޾ƣХȥ

˺ѣ𵴣һ̺Żصܣƺ˲Ҫ޸ɱ
Ȼһ̣˾㵵һĻˡ
ɽӴȻ΢΢һΣֱ˺ռ䣬һƬ֮С
ת֮䣬ʧ١
ѩƮ䣬ĹŷһƬ֮УķҵƴȻ𣬷ȥһƬǽ塣
ವһֳ峤˷ֵǰ֣һ͡
һݿ£˫֮Ѫᣬ峤ȷʵŽĳΪλԴ󷢣ʳҷҵӣҲ֪
һ峤һƽָ˳ȥ֪СһĹŷʧʥߡӽ󣬲𽣶Ž
һ٣峤˵⣬ұңΪĹң˴ǲδЩ˵ȥ
ҵӺڣ
峤һȣƳ졣
ڣ
ڣ
ÿһҵӣŭ죬Ҫ˶ɡ
֮Ҷʮٱֻ
峤ϣ˲Ҳˣ˭ңٱ
ɱ
ɱ
ÿһҵӣȫڵػȭͷŭ
ͬʱһƬ֮С
ſһŮűߣŮһµ˵ңΪĹңǼֻ·һ
ԣŮǰһǱŮ޵˵ͷɳƳĹңŵ֣ŸֲΪ֪أǰħ壬񻹴̽׶ΣҪɱ
ŮЦѯʵͯѣǽĿ˭
ͯҡҡͷʱȾ䣬¾ϰٸ𣬶ȡݶ뱱ңҲǸ׵ˡЩὫǵŽϵʱһϷͽ
Ϊ˲¶ţʱȱܱܷͷҪٳˡͯɤɳƣĿ¶⡣
ٻ˽밵ħϵһ


674 
𽣶Ͽգռ˻ǧƵӰƾճ֣ȥȫװɫ
ŵǣЩȫװʿÿһǱʼԴǺպ
𽣶ϿյˣȫǸͷνӢͣ·Ҫڽ𽣶쿪һķᡣ
Ž壬ٳ
ɱŰ˴ʥߣ˳𲻹죡
ղһ˵Ǳ̤ƽ𽣶죡
ٸŭȣ˻ģ𽣶춼Ϊ֮𵴡
𽣶̫壬ڱչǱޣȻһæͫˣ
Ӱһӣͬʱ̫ĪѩƵˣҲɶ߿С
ȥɸεѣһ
ϰٸǧƵӰ˽𽣶Ͽգһɱڣ졣
λǰ
ǵصİʥײϢһϣɫ԰ֽҧǰ񣬡Ž壬֪λǰǧкҪ£
δ䣬ԸʥߣȫЦһƿڴ
һŽ壬Ȧףɱ𣬿νаȴּʵҪһȫжδЩ̫쿪
û뻯ޣ򲻿ܣ
𽣶쿴ưˣ֮ǰѹϺңȦף¾ϰٸĪưһλ
ڸʥߣ࣬ƿڴס
ԸʥߣеʥҪʹɱ֣նɱйͷ֮ޡ
ʱ쵶⽣Ӱ𽣶֮Уɽʯľɻҡ
ǰŴ󣡡
ǧһ֮ʣ׻æ߶ǰŴ̫¡죬ɽڵһʱ俪
飡飡飡
԰ټƵĵ⽣ӰھǰŴϣ̫޸Ƽʱᱬ鿪
ãȥɽŲ˶ã׸һҧͷ乶䡣
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣӰ𣬺¶޾ĹַԲʮɿռ䣬˵ĿȫڳǧӰ׷ͣȥȻˡ
λ˽𽣶ƽʲô飬αҪΪһС
ͻĿŭӣǧڵӰأȻ壬һɽһ㣬׵
ʥ
𽣶ƽˣҵҪͬ۵ƽ̣ܸһʲôĽͣ
նͣһʥߣһͣϰٸʥߣȫһͷ޸ˣҲԱνͣ
ԣ𽣶һ˵ȣȫȻһ
ϰٸʥߣȫҲԱ
֣Ȼޣ
ʲô˸ʥߣ
һʱ΢˼Ƭ̣ױҡҡͷⲻܣԲܣҵޣѽصʼԴǣһܹӦõ
ңҵޣ꣬ûһϰʥߣ
һӾҵìڡ
ޣ
üͷһ壬תͷһףʵɸиӦ
ܵеǣ׵ݲǰڳϰٸʥλǰҿѪģϰٸʥߵޣԲҵĳһͷޡ
ҵޣȻʼԴǣûɸӦ
ϣ
ʱڳǧӰϰʥȫ΢΢һ۷׷
λŽȫ޵ĶУʹģҪţˮʯǲˣ
ߣͣ´̨ϰٸȫ͵ͬһص㣬ǵʥߡҲ޵ϮᱻһδҲЩ̫ɺˣ
ǽ𽣶ĹżµȦףʼԴǵĸȻû¾ǸŵӶǵ
ڳϰٸǧƵʿһüԣȻᱻ׵˵
λ˵档Ȼǲǽ𽣶죬ҪֻعôͶְգҵҪ˭Ҫƽҽ𽣶죡
һƬӵֳŭХһ˾֮ϣĿǳͶҪ˶ɡ


675 ɱħ
ɱİڳٸʥߣȫϢһϣЩԥ
ߣʥÿĿȻǹƥҪϰٸ
𽣶첻ֻһĹȣҪһأȻ˿ǲֻһǸᱻ𽣶ѹƣ޷
𽣶죬ϺһУѾչ¶˵̣һܳ˵壬޿֡ϰٸȻ޾ɫ
ϰٸȻγˣվȱһͷˣܹ𽣶а壡
ûҪиĹҳ棬ֻعǾеˡǵڽ𽣶ǰȷЩ㡣
ڳٸʥߣʥƣȻûһ˵ҳӭսȻڳȫһ𽣶쿪սôǽҪԵģʵϺſܣ
ʱǵ⣬ֻбķݡ
ֳһƬ궯߿а۷ɣһһ㣬޾Ľ֮С
λͬʣ֮һʲôᣡλһЩʱգҲ࣬ȻλһĽ
ۿٸȫ𽣶쳹˺Ƥ԰ǰ
ԣٸʥߣȫüԣƿڴ
ߣͺôĿȻҪϰٸߣ
ƾʲôʵ࣬ͽ
ʥһŭӿĿ絶
ٿȻ
֮ϣһ׹ƾճ֣ʮǳһ貶ĿӰӡÿһ˾ʽۣ˫ִƳ
ͷһˣݿ£޷˪Ŀȴʮһ³ۣ֮䣬һɰֶ£ѹȵڳ˺ܡ
쿴ݶҵʥٿ񡯣
ⶫٿǶҵ̫ϳ֮һݴǧǰѳΪʥɱ񣬰˰ǰ겻û뵽ȴٶȳɽˣ
˵ɱԣѪĶٿˣĪҪѪ𽣶죬ٶһɱ¾
˵ĿȫҵʮӰסˣͷһӰڳһ˵ȣһ
ٿ񣬺ųɱħҹɱѪԣ˵ٿڳʥ֮һ֮󣬲߻ħЩɥӽ󣬱Դ䣬ΪɱħͷʼԴԶ˵Ψһһɱ֤ɾʥʿ
ٿ֮һƬʬɽѪ񣬶ٿ𽣶죬ֻһȷѪꣿ
ٿ񣿡
һ޷˪ˣȫһݣⶫٿȻݺƣȴĮײУƺУݽ棬΢ϣȫֵһᡣ
֣
׿ҵʮӰһǿٿԵĶҹϲЦտʾ⡣
˭룬ҹĮбһףĿ⸴ӣأԴͷ
֣ôˣһͷһɲԤС
ٿɱħͷҽ𽣶죬ĪҲҪʦ
һĿⲻƣɱ⣬ѯ
ʦ
ԣٿһЦ˰֣Ҷٿ񣬺ųɱħϹ򣬽ʦֻǸ𽣶񣡡
δ䣬͡׵ˣȫϢһϡ
ڳϰٸʥߣҲ׷̧ͷĿ¶ȡ
ֻ͵һ˻һĽâֱӺ£̺޾ʥʯ䣬ֱ̫Ļɽϣ
¡¡
̫ҵǰŴӦ飬ڻɽеĽ𽣶ӣȫֻ
ס֣
һԣʵٿһɶ赶ŪǹδҲ̫ˣѵΪҽ𽣶׸֥Сɣ
˵ţһɰƣֱӴ͵ϯһʱ䣬ɽʯ˻Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
ʥҲһӣͲһĮŶٿ޾ѹӭǰȥ
ֳһƬžɽʯѵ죬һƬš
̫ˣû뵽𽣶Ѱ·ȻݻĹҵͷϣɱħͷٿ٣һս⣡
˻ĹҳͷٸҲֻظԵĹˣ
ûǾҪý𽣶ѪծѪ
ÿһʥߣŸ߿һĴսȫĻŭţ˵˷뼤
Ȼ޿صľƣײ˫Ѫѽѣ֪һս𽣶콫бŵΣա
˶ٿǰԵǰұŽ壬ҲΪ޵ôŽǵȷǰ֣ǣǰɷ˵ΪһСȥδЦݶҵͷ


676 ɹ
޾ʥϯ£ɽѹ׵ͷ׸оͶǧ֮أƺҪѿ
Ž壬ٿɱҶپŴʥߵĻʹ
ǵףٿĿһݣĮؿס
ʱȫһеȫһ˲䱻֪̽һҲû˽ԡ
£
ٿأٿŭһһɰʥѹȶ£ϥһҪڵء
ȣ
˭룬׸ҧȫ߸͹Ӳ֧ûйڵء
Ӵͦйģ㣡Һųɱħͷϲĥйļһ
ٿһȵףʱอڱѵıԵȫʮëףҲɺѪȥգۼΪһѪˣĿġ
ף£ƽʦڣֲڴҰ
Ȼһæݲǰػ
ҡҡͷأһ΢΢̧ͷһؿͷĶҹ֣ѵҲң
׵ĺҹȫ֣ҡ㣡
һ٣ҹĿⲻɱøӱǣҲޣײУȫѪҵ棬ʳ˶ҾŴʥߣڣҶЩɥ
ǻֵܣһһٻ󣡵ǽʱգֻͬİ·ΪϤİˣ
ҹѵŤͷȥҲס
Ŀնӿ޾֮顣
֣㽫ҵʲôˣŽ壬䣬ؿɼֻҪҵֵܣһӶҵֵܣԣ½ʱգڶУҲ
ϣ
Сӣ
ٿѲͷһֱȥ
æ֣׼ֵ
ס֣
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣҹ͵س˳˶ٿǰĽֱӽҹһѪӿĿġ
˻
ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫһԼ۾
ҹȻΪŽ壬ԼѪ֮һ
ҹô
ٿŭҿʱ֣һ֮ɱһٸҹ
ϼĶҹȫЦЦɬ쳹أʹģ߳жأǲܽģʲô˼
׵ɴͫףɤ˻Ƶţ֣㡭
֣ΣҶûȦףıҵͷޣһ߻ħ˶Բԣ
ҹգһЦϮųǵ⡣
֣ҵѾʼԴǣһܹӦõԣͷɱ¾ޣҵĳһͷޣ
ȣижѡ
ֵܣҪȫ綼ʱѡ㣬վͬһӪΪС
̫ϳϣ˵ÿһ仰ִҪ𽣶쿪սôȴҵʬ̤ȥգ
ҹʯһ赲ڶٿǰɫᶨ̹Ȼ
֪С֮䣬Ψʵʵģֵ֮ʲôģٿնִ赲ǰͽҺųɱħͷ飡
ٿֱ¡
û뵽ҵҹȻվŽһߣ
壬һʬ⣬һҲζΪֵ߲嵶һҲȻ޻ڣ
ҹر۾
֣Ҫ
ŭХһ˿٣ȫ۱ѿһһҹǰҹ󣬡ǰҪɱ¾
ԥԳǰɱڡ
ұңˣ
սһ֮ʣԶһӰӶͬʱһƵɤĤڳһ˵ȣȫȻһ
쿴ǻĹŷҵˣ
ͷһˣǻĹŷҵĺɹã
û뵽Ĺŷҵ峤˶ԳˣһսҪǧţΪһʷˣ
ڳ԰ټƵʥߣȫĿ˸˸ԶзӶһӰ
ͷһˣһͷɺףһװ֮꣬һɹƻĵζߵĳ
ɹãĹŷ峤ˣͬʥĸ֣ʼԴ֮⣬óƻģ깥
ɹõĵý𽣶ľƣٶȶ񻯣


677 
߲ʻ׷ɣһӿڱǣҺƼʱƮƮɣʱ׹أʯʥߣҲΪ֮
Ե㣬ܹƻģǷǲ棬Ҳ֣
΢΢Ứݺ׶ĺɹһˣɫӡ׵ˣҲһϾźɹãΪ֮
ݶ𽣶췴ĿɳѾ𽣶һˡټһĹŷңô𽣶Ĵ᧿Σ
ɹãþò
ٿ񵭵һЦźɹ΢΢ͷ֮У¶һ˿ϧϧ֮ɫ
ңͬǻĹңɹΪ峤ˣԶʼԴУɱħٿҪԭֻΪɹóƻģ̸Ц֮䣬ɱΡ
ٿΪݻĹҵ̫ϳϣɹҲν˵ٿɱԣųɱħںɹǰײг̶ȲռϷ硣
ԭɱħû뵽ܹüˣһᣡһᣡɹһЦ˴ɺױһԾ£ôǲɱ˿񣬡ǰʦ˲ϧСƲ
ɹζбһ۶ٿ
δ䣬ٿüͷһ塣ڳһʥߣҲ΢΢һ㶡
С
ɹڳٿڳһʥԥɱϣ
ȷ
ٿڳϰʥߣҪ˺Ƥһɾһɱ𽣶죬пܽ𽣶ֱӽ
ǣҪƽ𽣶죬ô׵顣
𽣶һһЩĹҡʵϺſܶǳ
ν򹷻Ҫˣû˸ʹɱ֣𽣶ƴһ
ɹãǷСãҽյҪεƽ𽣶죡
ٿһԱ˫֣վһԣؾԹۡ
ɹã𽣶뱱޳Թ֪˷ǰΪ£
һɹ߲ƣɫһѵҲΪ޵飬ǰʦ
ͣġҴ˷ǰֻҪЭ𽣶̽ˡ赶ŪǹҺ
ɹһЦգգ۾˵ұǰյȷǱһͷʳ˼ʥߣʧء˵Žĳǡþޣԣ뵱Žʣʩչѻطһˮʯ
ڳһʥȵĿ⣬ɹɫž޲λѣشҲ֪Ž徿ǷʹޣУֻҪʩչѻط̼䣬ˮʯŽ׵ģôԻϢˣ𽣶һ
ԣ͡׵ˣȫ΢΢һ
ɹҪʩչѻط׵ʣ
ɹʥĸ֣ǰһ㱰΢ͻᱻɹùƻǣ
ʱ׽ٿĪ磬Ϊ𽣶ǧˡ
ɹã˽֪óƻģ꣬㵱ʣѻطֱӾͻᱻٿ꣬ڲ
΢΢ϣգ˭˺ҽ𽣶ӣʹ͵ʬ̤ȥ
δ䣬һɰϯɽѹȵ˴
ɵʥͲĿ䣬˫ƱħߣƮƮһ񣬾˸εѡ
ǰ
һӣæҾŽ壬еֱ䣬ؿɼʹ޲кɵ𣬽նлҵѾûлصʼԴǡԣҿԿ϶ʼԴǴɱ¾ޣҵĳ
׸ҧ˫ѪλţҿΪѪģ
ֳһƬྲսһ
ɱħٿһЦźɹãζɹãһС֮ɲķ񰡣
ɹõĮһЦתͷһԴֶķ֣Ƶ֣ŽֵܣֻҪŽҵѪģұԵϢˣ̳ˣ
ԣײ˫һæ̧ͷ֡
֡ԶһĶҹŷֺһɤ˻Ʊ롣
ּѵ̧ͷĿͣ΢Ƭ̣ڷɵǰ׸ɬһЦ
֣ڱѪģϴҵ׻æҧ⣬³һѪҪ֮Ѫġ
һԵһ񣬲΢΢һ
ֻѪģúɹϢˣǾٺòˡ
Ȼһ̣ȫ𾪵һĻˡ
ˣ
Į͵һ֣һƷʥʹ׵ؿڣһѪĽǰᴩ


678 ֵ
ͻһĻڳһʿȫһĿࡣ
Žųֵܵķ֣Ȼͻʩɱ֣һ̴׵ţ
֣㡭
һһ˼ŷ֣Ѫ䡣
ûϵֵܷ֣ȻԼ֣һҪֱͱһڴСѪ
ҹɫҰ׵ǰһĻƱһۡ

޾ķŭ벻ʣ׵ĵӿʱѪӿɫѪ۳һ
һֱӱɫ˳ȥһֻߵķݣɳʯ֮С
ңҸղʲôͷѣ͵˫֮Уڶһ˿֮ɫ
ѵ̧ͷűԼ̴ִŵֵܣֲȻһ˫ѪѽѣҸɵġ
Ъ˹״ǵĺӣʱȻᷭӿ޵Ǹӡ
ɱɹõĮһЦ
ৣʱֳʥʥߣ׷شףҪһɱ
ס֣
ס֣ȻһҪǰȥػס
ಣಣ
Ȼһ̣Ứĺɹãƾճ˵ǰһЦǸǵĶң
ɹãôҲǻĹҵ峤ˣ⣬ȴ͵ϮʩչӵֶıһҪǴȥͲЦ
ŭ죬ʥֶ£𽣶춼Ϊ֮
ʥһֱʹɱ֣ɹսһš
Ҳ
ɱħٿۿɹսһţ˶ʾ
λѣѩ޵Ļˣʲô
ɹõĮһЦôͣлһӣ컨£һӿڱǣʱڳϰʥߣƴ˼Ѫһ㣬׷׻ʥսš
ɱɱŽ壬Ϊȥֵܱѩޣ
𽣶Ļˣ
жٿɹ򣬸պ󱨸
ǧƵӰ˳һ㣬ӿ𽣶֮Уɱӣ޶
𽣶ĵӣѪ֮ۿΣһս׷ԡѪսƴػ𽣶졣
ֵܣһ֮
ʧȥһֱ۵Ķҹ̷һöҩѪӿֳܿһ۰ŭһ㵹һʥ׵ԣײս
֡
΢΢һһůʶ
֡
ٿأһԡѪӰɳʯ֮г𣬾ֱ붫ҹǰȥȻͷɢң޳һ˵ķ֡
붫ҹ΢΢һֵĿЩӡ
֣ұƻǣɴʹɱ֣һУǳڱģգҪҲҪֵһ
ŭھѪȼһɹɰ˳ϯγһƬѪĺ󣬷ȥ֮価һƬɺ죬Ŀġ
ɱ
ɱֳʥʥߣɱڶ˭룬ûȳ֣Ϳͷɢػ׵ǰһ١
֣ұҵδǰԶǧҪ󣡡
һʥѵ
ԣֲͷЦеʥҷ֣ǸѪ߳жһǻѪֻΪֵܻҵļ壬ҪұһĮʬ⣬ôұһξѪӽ󣬲뱱аϸ𣡡
ִԲˣֳʥʥŭһǰ֡ҹ˼սһ
ҵֵܡ
žɱķ붫ҹײۿģһɰѪƾһӿؿԼĪڴСѪҲһ˲޸ɡ
ֵܣعٻ󣡵һͬѣ
ɱܣڳںȾƣ
ֱӼ˽ǹûȫѪ۳ɹƾµʥ֮УѪ쮷ɣأƽȶһ
͵һһ죬ֳʥʥֱӱһ壬Һһƶ߷һ䡣
ɱ
ɱ
ס֡ҹ𣬲սѪڵ⽣Ӱ֮гЦѪ֮л졣
ֵ飬жУһһ岻Ѫ
֣סһսһҪǰͷ
ֱˣͷɢˬʵЦȴһδЪڴڳںȾƣ
ߣҪҲǶøһţ
ҹЦţʥߵΧ£Ѫɣأ̸Ц
߳жξֵܲ磬ԡѪս޻ڣ
Ц


679 ʬ
սһʼֳһߵ̬ƣٸʥߣڻĹҶٿɹõ֮£ͬ飬۳һɾҲƵعŽ𽣶졣
𽣶սƣ̬¶ȥ𽣶ڲϱڲԫľۣʬҰһƬ֮
ҽ𽣶죬ѵӽ֮󣬽ô
ͷŭХһɲԹϯ졣
ɱħٿɱһѪռϷ硣
¡¡
ʱ֮УһǧɵĿռѷ춸Ȼ˺ѿͬʱһصѹÿһʿȫѪһͷһѪ
ɱ͡ɹáٿˣҲ׷֣ͣһֵŸ߿еĿռѷ졣
ÿֲѹԶʥ龳ǿߵϢ
ѵ龳֣Ҫսô
ڳϰֳʥʥߣȫϢһϣһֵǧɵĿռѷ죬һεѣϢҡ
סҹˣǱˣпһΡΡնĿͶ߿еĿռѷ졣
һһӴúһɽʬ壬ֱӴӿռѷ֮˦˳صص𽣶ӵɽ֮С
ৡ
ʱ˵עȫͶӴʬ֮ϣÿһʿĿ࣬ᵽɤ۵λá
һӴʬ壬Ϊ죬һīɢа塢ѪȵϢǿһۣľѪ
ǺųɱħĶٿʬƱҪһأһεĴڡ
ģûпգǰħʬ壿
ٿѵһĭ
ǰħʬ壬һһӵ龳İħ壡
ɹҲΪ֮ɫ䣬֮ǰɦŪ˵ģȻ޴档
ʲôһ߰ħʬ壿
ⰵħʬ壬ôͻȻڽ𽣶֮У

һ̣һӰѵشӿռѷ¶ڳһʿ׷׾ĿȥΪ֮һ
ϢϤĪǡһܣ
ǵصѹײ
붫ҹҲзŹ⣬˼
ڣռѷеӰȫչ¶ǧʿǰײ²һ˺ȻǵһܣӵŲĵһܣ
һܣͻ龳ǻӵŴ˵еĵݹ壬Ҳ֣
񣬵һܽٽ𽣶죬ڳʿȫһ
𾪵ǣ˿̵ĵһܣϺһƳ졢һĵһͬ
˿̵ĵһܣϢήңǰһǵ˿ڣ֩һ飬ɺѪ˿ʶ£Ŀġ
ǰ
ǰ붫ҹȫȻһ
ɹá͡ٿˣҲһԼ۾
õһܣƾһ֮ûĹźߵĿֲڣȻشϢ٣
ʲôˣܹһ̶ȣ
һ֣ҵ˭ɵİգ
һʿȵĿ⣬һȻһЦҲ֪ħ׼ǵļ԰ǳһЩħӰ߰ħʬ壬õƾ֤
һ٣ڳһʿһϾɫһܼǣϵˣǱһͷ޸ҧ˵ģ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһԼĶ䡣
õһܣӵŵ֣壬Ҳж֣Ȼһͷ޸ҧˣ
һͷΪֲޣǳѪħöص֮սȲ𾳸֣Ϊ׷ɱⰵħΧˣЩɥȪ
һɤͳǧսÿһʿȫε𵴡
˵֮Ųٵ⵽޵ϮûжϴĻӦǰħڰеҪ䣬ʼԴǧɱӶ֮
һܵĻÿһֶƵͷȣڳһʿȫȻ𺳡
ģûգһܾȻ˵ħҲһͷޣһͷܹҧ˲𾳸ֵĿֲڣ
һȻŽϵǳûбҪΪ˰Ž壬ڲƭǸ룬ǴŽˣ
ɴˣŽ巢ѣһŭ֣ڳʿ¶һ
δأǰػ壬縺Ρ񰵺ħ弴֣ǰԲɱ޹ġ
ڳһʥȫľ
ɹ붫ٿɫҲ


680 Ϣ
ҵľƣΪһܵĳ֣˲ƽϢڸʥߣһĻңŵһܡ
µһܷŭʹɱ֣ǰΧ˽𽣶һʥߣȫɱ
뻳ɣӵеĵһǰʥĸ֣Ҳֵһᣬͨʥˡ
±Һɹãݼǰ
ɹһƲɫͣ΢΢һЦǰһŸ߿еĵһܹ
һĮźɹãһԲƺںɹãмһˡ
һӽ㡣
ɹεЦһЦŤŤ֫ǰָԽǱҼʱǱڻڹɱ˺ˣƻ˱𽣶꣡
ռȻǰ棬ǱԵϢˣ𽣶ͺϣǰĪҪΪһŮ֮
˵ţǹҾ
ȫȻ
˭ûϵƽթ׺ݵĺɹãȻṧظҾ̬ϵúĤ顣
νʶʱΪܣһܳͣڱҵĺɹȻΣϢˡ
ЦһʲôĴڣ
ԴϺһս֮󣬵һܿνһս쳹壬ݹܹһܷͥĴڣҲָ
ǵһŭȫԵǹƥĹңҾһܺõӡ
סڣһܻĿбӣбһۺɹãһɰϯ£ѹȵúɹϢһϣЩһѪʲôݣ׼˵ô
ǣǡɹɫҰףսսҲҶ졣
λѣ񰵺ħ弴֣ΣڵϦʼԴΪһŹǣǰħ幥ҪĿ֮һϣӽ󣬸ŬʵϢսħ壬ҪٶɱƻʼԴǾΥİ
һⳡսңΪֹλк
ԣڳϰʥߣĹҵĺɹ붫ٿȫͷǣ̬ȹ
գҽ𽣶㱣סˡ
һЦ³һƳĿڵһʯͷء
Ȼˣ⣬ӣҵһɱӺպ˭ҵĻϣ
һĮĿ磬ɨӶ£ʱڳһʥߣȫȻһᵽɤۡ
ڶҵĶٿεնʥ֮մѪˮڵһܵ޾ѹ֮£ڰ̾һǰһҾǰ˶ҵ̫ϳ϶ٿ񣬴˷˽𽣶죬ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
˵ţеʥ뻳УһشֶһҪɱҪϤģ
һһбһ۶ٿ񣬡Сӣ˵㣬ųɱħòոճأһȷѪ꣬ⳡսҵף
δ䣬ٿ񲻽һҵһʥߣҲɫȻбࡣ
ӵһܵжϣƺڶٿǳĲһնɱٿԶٿľΪ޷֮
һһ˵չ𽣶죬ȫһ˵⣬ǰ𷣣ĪҪǨŭݶҡ
ٿ˿٣նɫϾúʯһ
Сӣ֣ӡ
һһ߸ϵ̬Ҹϣڰħܹ֮ǰɱܡɱѪȾ塣
ԣٿ΢΢һ̧ͷһ˼ŵһܡ
ӵһܵƺɱٿ
λȻѾˮʯ֮ĶԹӽһʹ˵Ѱ£ҶģʱǻĹңǲҶģ
һɤȻ󣬵ߴ͸һ㣬쳹˶Ĥ·ƾճһƣӡ˵ԺУÿһʥߣΪ֮˿֮ġ


ʱڳǧƵӰ׷׹Ҿǡ
֣ǻˣ
ҹˣڴŴٺ֮ЦݸãӽҶ𽣶ϵΣǶֵܣ
ûԶֵܡһЦѪˮȾգЦѿ
ص˵ͷŶҹֵ˫ֵ֣ܣһӡ
Ž壬ɷȻ
һܵĿ⾶ֱͶףɤһģ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһһ۵ס
ܹõһܵ嶼Ľʺ޵顣
ǰް
׹ҾӦ
ãȻҲͲٴɱˡⳡսңν
һһЦЦס


681 ߵŰ
δ䣬ڳһʥߡʥȫһһŵס
˭ҲûϵһܾȻȨףΪŽ壬ɱϣԸᣬһΪڳʥߡʥ˶һ
ʱŻɱڵʥߡʥȫһֲ̿ף̬ȱ΢׶һ촽Դҡ
ǰ̧٣м
һЦ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ƽʦ֡
Ӱһӣֱ͵ǰ΢΢һЦ˵ҪƽϢⳡսң
ˬһЦʦԼξΪƽʦ֣޶ȫ֧֣
Ϊһ֮ͶʵΪġ
һܣȨףǸӣǸӣͲ֪ô˻ȨδЩȡ裬ǵһܲ졣
ãҾͲضˡ
һЦظĵֱ죬ɣ˰УĿ⾶ֱͶٿ񣬡ɱħͷҽ𽣶죬ɱˣҼ԰õ
޷˪Ķٿɵһһӵͦǹס
ɱħٿ˻Ĺҵ̫ϳϣһ۲۵ʥ⣬ݻʵԶףȻȴǱһѵ⣡
ʱٿɫ࣬пԡ
ɱѶһʱ嶯ҪɱҪУϤ㡣ٿ񱳸˫֣죬һףʮ̹ȻŽ壬˵ɣʲôҪֻҪҶٿõ飬Ȼƴǣ
ԣײ΢ƣͷһЦãʹ죡ҵҪҲߣڹҽ𽣶죬ɱˣȫ׷ǣұҪ⳥һǧ裬Ϊ壿
δ䣬ٿɵһڳһʥߣҲĿ࣬Ϊ֮һ
һǧ裿
ٰ
ô㲻Ը⣿
бһɫϵĶٿ٬
ңҡӦ㣡
ٿҧҧһ۸߿Թ۵ĵһܣ̾ϢӦͷһڵһʱ䣬˽һǧ͵𽣶죡
ٺ٣û뵽ʦ̸лһѺ֣һſڣöҸѪʹѣ
͸ƶЦ
ҲһζЦݣǶٿ֮ǰɱ죬Ҽȴ˵ļһҪ౰΢ж౰΢žˬ
Ž壬ұңҲԸóһǧ͹ϵֻҪ̣жԹһʹɹΪʶȤûʣæ˵
ԣ΢Цŵ˵ͷĿͶڳϰٸʥߡ
ʱڸʥߣȫһϢΪ֮һϡ
һǧ裬ԲһСĿѰ̲ȻĹңҪһóһǧ裬ס
Ǹͷ㣬ÿʿʮ裡

ڳǧӰÿһʿʮ裬ϼһ£裡
һʾ޶Ƹ


ڳһʥߣȫɫ࣬׷ڲѣҪּۻ̧ۣͷһ߿һĵһܣʱĻ䣬Ρ
ã֮ڣ⳥𽣶죬򣬺Ը
֮УĿÿһʿתȻ嵥
ڳǧʿ׷׹ǡ
˵׵ҪȻЩʨӴ󿪿ڣڳҲܹܣѪɥǮìܣȻٺòˡ
źǣȻ͹׵θڡ
ãֻҵĵһҪ󡣡
ױ˫֣յڶҪ׵Ŀ⾶ֱͶɹ붫ٿ˲˪ˣùظҽ𽣶ȥʦֵߵŰݣ󣡡
˻
ʱڳһʥߡʥȫɫһ䣬
ڳʿʥߣʥȫڵأߵŰݣ
Ҫ֪ÿһʥߣʼԴǵĴڣ⣬ͷǶŽ𽣶ߵŰݣȥǻΪЦϣ
Ϊгɵʿ˵ӣʱҪҪҪ
ٿ񣬺ɹá
ĮһЦζŶٿɹãǴͷҽ𽣶죬񣬾ǴͷߵŰݣΪҽ𽣶ȥʦֵ
ԣٿɹþпһͷ乶䣬޲һطȥ
ɱħٿûĹҵ̫ϳϣʥ֣ȻΪ׵һ仰ҪߵŰݣ
ɹãñҵ峤ˣʥ֣ԶɱδҲҪ׵в£ߵŰݣ
Ž壬ĪҪ̫
ٿҧ˫Ѫɱħնǧ飬ų֮ģԸҲߵŰݣ


682 ֵ
ɱħٿ˵ڵأߵŰݣɱҪʹٱԣٿһȻס
ԣײ΢΢̾һεؿ߿оԹ۵ĵһܣǰ΢ᣬ˵ĻǰȨջȥգ
һһЦֵŽ壬ҼȻƽϢսңĻҵҪ˲ͬ⣬Ȼķڷ
δ䣬һɰϯ£ɽٿһδüֿΪ֮һϥһڵء
ಣ
һܴһ̤ڶٿϣǲһһٿ㲻ǣôãҵҪҪΥҵ
˵ţһɰֱֶ£ڵһܵѹֱӽٿסƾٿȫʯһ㣬á
Сӣ㲻ǲԸߵŰôգҾڽ𽣶ǰһٸͷ
һЦζһӣǣһľżˣǵĶٿʱʧȥ˿ƣֱڵأʼ׿ͷ

ÿһͷ쳹ϣĵöͷãѪ
ڳһʥߡʿȫһԼ۾
öٿʥȻΪ׶һ죬ͱ𷣿һٸͷ
ԭٿҪס棬
ȴڳɥ
ٿɫ࣬ݺᣬҪԱȴȫԼƿأң
ٺ٣ɱҽ𽣶ӣһٸͷѾ御ˣ
Ц
ÿһ𽣶ĵӣǻȸԾеķɽ㵸
ֳնС
һߣϰٸʥߡʿᣬ޲һطȥ
ڣٿһٸͷ꣬һһӣõһָܻ֮
ңҡ
ٿ촽飬ݺᣬȻָ֮ʶңͷǣҲû֮ǰǵӲ
ҵļʥ߻æǰ
ɹã㿴
׸ƶЦһ٬źɹá
ɹ˪ȹǰŵعڵأ۵Ķͷĵ죬һ߿ͷһ߿вȥĽ𽣶̬Ҫ๧ж๧
ȫȻ
ÿһ˶гһգûĹŷҵ峤ˣȻΪ׵һ仰ڵأߵŰݡ
ܿ죬ɹþߵŰݣȴѯĿ⿴ס
źɹĿ⣬ţֱĿͶڳһʥʿˣжٿɹΪţڳĸλӦҲ֪ôˡ
ԣڳǧʿȫȻڵأһߵŰݣ˿ˮǵһܲ죬ǻ
ٺ٣ŽڣҵҪӽʼԴһҷ
ûĹŷĹŶټңһõӣ˭ǽ𽣶죬һԡ
ˬûĹҵʥǽ𽣶ߵŰݣȥǽ𽣶첻Ҫ̫ӣ
𽣶ĵӣʱÿһ۵Ľ㣬ϡ
˵ⳡѣûף½𽣶콫֮
Ҫ˵ûĹҵʥ𽣶ߵŰˣ
ڽ𽣶һڵӻУǧʿʥߣҵʥɹãȫߵŰݡ
ÿһʿվһѯĿ⿴ס
ڳһʿĿ⣬΢ƣ˰֣
ʱǧʿ׷׹л½
ˣһһҪ󡣡
ɤӣ˵һʿȫĻ
һҪ
ҪǮҲˣҪҲˣ׻ʲôҪ
һ˲䣬ڳǧʿȫһףᡣ
ҪԶ뱱˵ġ
΢΢һЦĿͶ˶ٿɹãһսҵֵܣϧѳ壬Ϊ飬ϣĹңպĪ𷣵Ѷҹ֣ΪѣҪЯպҽ𽣶붫ҡҵĹϵΣȫҪڶҹֵܵӡ
˵
ֵܡ
֡
ҹֲ΢΢һһʱۿʪ󣬿׵޾ĸм
Ȼҹ֣ûϵ׻ʢĳϣΪǸ˵˽˵
ţ
ţ
ٿɹʥȫĥÿҪˣһ׵ĵҪǹڶҹֵģ³һȻЩ졣
ףδҲ̫ˡ
ҹ֣ǻĹҵĵӣĹ࣬õһָֻţ
һˣٿɹʥһ
һ뱱ңܷ𽣶컯ɸΪ񲯣ȫڶҹֵϣʱ΢΢̾ϢһһЦ
ȻŵһʵĽ𽣶죬ͨ쳹أĹŶټ뱱ңһ֮Ҳ𽣶ԣպ󲻽󶯸ɸ꣬Ứ˼𽣶챣Ѻá
ҪʸϽ𽣶һͱҪණҹ֣Ӷǰ˵û
Ž壬ҪҴӦҹҶҵĺʥӣֵܣ˵Ҳࡣ
ٿһȻҶٿڴ˷ģպҹڼ֮УԲ⵽𷣡
ԣص˵ͷ
˵ĶҹһΣ˫Ϊ֮ʪ󣬡֣лл㣡˵ţ§ףһоڲС
Ž壬ҺɹڱһЩݵģ˵һһԾŶҲӦ㣬ֽΪұҴĶϣպұܹ𽣶컯ɸΪ񲯣ΪѺˣ
ɹ΢΢һЦһϿҵض˵
֣
׵֣ϲЦտ
ڳǧʿĿ⣬ȫڶҹֵ֡ϣʣһֵ֮ܵ쳹ʼԴǣ˭Ҵǵ⣬һҪȵС
ǰҵĻ˵ˡ
һسŵһ΢΢һЦ
һܵ˵ͷһУֱӽɽħʬ忹ڼϣһӣ˺ѳһ̤ͨУȥҲ
ת֮䣬һܾӰ١
һӰȥ٣ײβ
˵һܳŽҪΪеһ֣
ûŽѾǲ۲۵Ǵ֮󣬸ӿֲΪˣһܲŻ˿
ڳǧʿһ࣬۷׷ףβס׵ļ֮顣
Ž壬Ƕиǡ
ٿ׹˹֣Ŀ΢תͶԵĶҹҹҪһͬؼ壿
ԣҹ΢΢ԥ̫ϳϣһְѾԻúףһԡ
ûȶҹ˵꣬ٿʹһӣЦãáǺ£պҪŽ£ϵϷиǡ
˵ţڶݿնȥ
֣ûҪ£ҲŽѾԻգص壬һúдġ
ɹһƵŷ֣΢΢һЦ
ֶʱЩܳæͷǡ
峤ˣʥĸ֣κɫضһ˵
֪ⶼŽ״ӡ
£ɹøףЯűҵʥߣֱݿնȥתʧ١
ڳٸʥߣҲ׷ǰ׹ָǣһ̬ȹҪƾжơ
վһЩΡ
ͣý𽣶ƽڳٸʥߣȻȫһ׸𣬶ͣЩΡ
ľûһһοס
ʦպգպҲҵŮˣйⰡ
Ұο


683 ƻб
𽣶죬̫һڣ֡ҹˣѾԻڳںȾƣòա
֣һκƽ٣һبŲĵҧһѬ⣬һࡣ
ķ֣ڳһϳɵģ붫ҹǸеЩЦ֣˵˵ϴ
ҾҪҪ㹻ʵ򣬾ͻ裡ķ䣬Ǹ߸ϵʿˡ
һϾν֮֮࣬㣡ÿһ鶼ԸΨӵ㹻ǿʵܽģңڡ
ԣ붫ҹΪȻ
ȷ
壬ʵΪûʵͻ裬µĳ伣
ǧŵĺܣȫһ
ûҽ𽣶죬Ҳһˣһ֮ҿдǰ򣬽ҽ𽣶Σӣ
ид
𽣶ľްԣЩ˵ʼԴǧ֥Сˡ
ӵԽ컯ɾҪܹ컯ɾвһԵ˵ܳɾһǧŰҵ
ҹһЦ֮¶һĨϣ֮ɫ
׵˵ͷ
컯ɾĿǰĵطÿһƽӹ𣬶ҪУȡԵΪ
סҹ֣ʼԴǵȻ
һ£컯ɾͻῪʱȺ¹Ʊؽһս
һЦʱ䣬Ҫú׼ˣ鵤ҩȡ컯ɾ֮գõ״̬ó
ҹַ׷׵ͷ
ΪҪս컯ɾ붫ҹڽ𽣶춺˼գҴȥ
ǶԱչǱޣˡΪŽ壬ӵŽ֣׶컯ɾһڴ
´Ҵңתһ£һգ𽣶֮УãڻĹżҵļ񣬽ɽһϷҵĶҹҵķֵˣһãЦ
ҹΣڵȵһˡ
ͷЦһͳ׵ļһȭϴ󣬽𽣶֮ǰѣһĹżδܼʱԮʵֱǸ
Цҡҡͷ
³ͻȻĹżҸ֪飬˵ȭˡ
ϴ󸣴󣬲ʥߣĹҵʥߵŰݣ氡
һطЦ񣬶ٿɹѾΪЦˡ
ԣҹֲЩΡ
ٿ˶̫ϳϣɹãǱҵ峤ˣ˴һ̶ϣĹҵ棬ΪЦҹ֣ȻҲ޹⡣
֣֡
תͷŶҹ֣һϴ󲢼һս֮պգɲ壬Ҫһأ˼ʣ
ҹֲһЦ
ȻѾΪϴֵܣôӽҲҼֵܣ
δ䣬־ǰһЦŵͷ
ܹŽ壬ɲΪֵܣ顣
˼ʼԴǵ֮⣬Ϸ˻һȺſ׼һͬ컯ɾᱦ
Уҵſ࣬û취˭üҵء
ȻˣΪػһİΣҲɳʥĴڣң°;⵽жİɱ
һΣʼԴ֣ܹѹ壬컯ɾնĻԵ
Ϸظĵ죬Ѿ𻯳ɣһ㡣

ٿأ˻еһһƹת˷׷ͳȥֻ֮ϸһС֡
ǲɽļꡣ
񶨾һƣԾԾԣߣھͳǰ컯ɾ
ԣҵ꣬ôĲһ
ʶĿһʱ״
ԣڳһʿ׷ײ鿴֮ϵ꣬һ̣Ŀ鷢ˣÿһʿеԳ˲ͬꡣ
֣ϵ꣬ôʾͬһص㣬ϵرǧ
ϷͷЩꡣ
ֽ컯ɾȴõ˲ͬ꣬һ꣬컯ɾڣ
üͷ塣
λ󡣡
һ֮ʣ뼸ʥĸ֣̤֮УһЦ룬ǲɽΪ֮
ס֡ҹˣȫһ
ɽΪ֮
Īǣɽʲôɸ˵ıƲɣ


684 ɽľı
ƺ˵ɻɤӣЦνƥΪһöʼԴǸϧɱڹ֮һȷѪꡣҪǽȫϵһظҲʱɱһţң°ħ彫Ѵ֮ռļ԰
ԣסϷˣǰͷ
ȷˡ
ǽȫϵͬһص㣬֪᲻ᷢʱ򣬽ƾɽҪάȫǲܵ顣
⣬һǸҪֽ컯ɾǲ̫ˡ
ϷԸ꣬ҽС
֡ҹˣҲüͷ塣
ģ컯ɾڣӦֻһʱ컯ɾмϾˡ
Ϳ԰ο
ˣ²˳٣ǸϽավһԵļʥ׷״ߴ
£Ϸ֡һ𣬸ͬʥָǣ׷ͳ̨꣬ӰһΣʧ١
һЩſҲԥͳ̨꣬Ƭ̺̫УտҲ
һת֮ǰһһŻߵ֮ϣȥӿݣݲȫһûư
˿̣֮Уһ۵նĿ¹·ڵˡ
Сӣ
׸һ࣬ӱкһ
ʶѭȥֻһϢԼĪֻٻԼ
ʱĵһ֮ڶ
ģʲôʱһʿҲҶߺˣ
ƺΪСӣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʥĺɹ붫ٿǰߵŰݣʿȻ˷
ĥ䣬ͳҺôȥϼ켯ϣһ׾ʱЩͷ
һʱЦ
û취Ҫ컯ɾҪ·˵ӣһǲɽĵӡ䵱·˵Ľɫ
Ȼݵ΢ʵܵ
ȥ
׹Թͳݸӡ
ӽӹϸϸؼãŵ˵ͷߣҴϼ졣
ԣüͷ΢壬ϼ죿ʲôطǽ컯ɾƾ֤ô
ƺЩͷٷϻ߾ˡҲɽ·ƾ֤󵽵ܹ컯ɾҲɽ·ǡ
ʼҲٶ˵һԾӵǰͳ̨꣬һ˵Ӱʧԭء
ͬһĻͬʱš
ͬǣЩΪȷİΣһ·ǲػǣûʿʵԪϵʿȫ·˸֮⡣
֮£ֻùһˣ·˵Ĵ֮£һϼĿռ䡣
ϼ֮Уϼεľ죬ٲȻԳһأ˿̣һ֮£ɽһ棬޷˪ݿ£ΡΡһϱĿϢ
ȻƷ꣬һ¶ƣȴΪֲȻһʥĸ֡
ԣվһŮĿǳͦӣС죬סڳһڵһʱϳӾǲɽ
棬˵µ𣬸ǵ·˽ϼô
ʵ
ģ컯ɾ֮һԵû˻ŰɣҪ˶ãͻۼϼ졣
һݵ
컯ɾ·һͷԶޣÿһοҪ˵Ѫ졣ΪڻңǲɽͿԲһһ䣬컯ɾˡ
ϸһĨ
΢΢һЦһΣǲɽǲǧſ컯ɾжȡԵٲȻһȻܹˣΪڻңΪǲɽĵӿ·һЩ©֮㣬ҽ컯ɾҲǲɽв
ԣϲЦտ棬룬ǱǷν컯ɾһ׿Ƴ棬ҲԷֹǲɽʵԵв
Цŵͷ
ʱһӰƾճϼ֮Уȥ飬ǧʿƻȳһ㣬ǰ
档
档
ÿһ·ˣǲɽĵӣϼ죬׷ǰ
΢΢ͷ˰֣ȸһ£˶ˣұῪ컯ɾڡ
ԣ𣬷׷׵ͷӦŵΣһ㳡֮ϣһ
㳡֮Уӣȥ̴ľ
ͷ֪˭ôǾħʶģϽӿ컯ɾڣ򣬱ŭ֮£ڵƽɽ
һ٣ԼĪɵ꣬Ϊسŭ


685 ȺӢ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫǰħˡ
΢΢̧ͷбһ۽ָ꣬һֻһħֱӺȻ飬һغ
ȫȻ
ÿһʿȫᵽɤۣԼ۾
ⲻɽ棬ȻһԲϣʹɱ֣ħնɱˣ
Ҫ֪ħ壬֮УҲ⣬֮󣬲ڻĹңΪһ仰ɱ֮
ô
΢΢̧ͷǵ˫ɨڳǧ꿡壬ʱȫһƬྲÿһʿ񣬲һԡ
Ȼϼ죬ı磬ϼУϵ飬ƿǿûܹ俹⡣
ңϼ꿡壬ûгʥһʥԣ

ʱ߿֮УһȫӲӵ꣬Яһɰƣֱ˹㳡֮ϣһ¡
ʼգһԣȴһεѹӵſǰľ׷һŽԶ¡
쿴ʼԴǽڽ̵Ľ𻢣ʵ֮ǿɲ⣡
ԭ˱ǽ𻢣˵𻢺ų𣬽һȻͬ죡
ޣڽ̲ʼԴǵһССɰˣֵһᣡ
ڳһ𣬷׷˽
ʱ߿УסϷ֡ҹ˵Ӱ̳֡
ϴ󡣡
֣֡һ׵ˣʱϲЦտǰк
ס֡ҹϷˣҲϲЦտ׷״˹㳡֮С

һסһſ㳡ϵһЩɢſæ׵һ׵ˣǻ
ʼԴǵŽ壬Ϻһս壡ԱߵǼҵɲ壬ǻĹǰʮʣ
ԭŽɲ壬Ƚ컯ɾ֮ǣһҪ·ߣ
ԶŽôҿǵһܱӻµˣȽ컯ɾӵһɱľŽ塣ʱһҪԼʶһ£˵еŽ徿ж
סһ¶棬ʱΪĿĽ㣬ڳһ꿡壬һ۷׷ס
ϴ󣬿쿴Ǳߣ
ٿȻͺһָ˲ԶԾĽ𻢡
𻢣
ѭȥĿ磬̧ͷһЦĿ¶м֮ɫ
ģǽһģھɱ۲Ϊ
ñףҪսһ
֣԰ꡣ
׻æס񣬳Һͽ֮ԼҪһսһʱ䣬ңڲɽĵ̣ԴΪء
׵ĹȰ֮£һһý𻢹һʱգ
Ϸ֡ҹһЦ
ͬʱ߿еſԽԽ࣬½Ӹ߿нѡһӣ
ÿһĵӣŶӵһ𣬻Ŀ¶衣
ܿ죬ʿüһãȥ֮ࡣ
ྲ
£ݿµ汬һըףڳſһѪӿ
ʱȫྲûһ˵ҳ
ڣҾҪ컯ɾڣһأǾֻһ飬컯ɾɣΪˡ
ɳƵ
Ȼ󣬵ڳ꿡ĶУȴһ㣬ȫΪ֮Ȼ
һ飬컯ɾڣ
ɣΪˣ
ӵĹأ
ⲻɽ컯ɾڣʵһͬ̽˭룬ȴأ塣Ȼʿвɽ
ʣɽΪ컯ɾΪֲĴڣ壬һ飬컯ɾܶԲɽв
컯ɾԳһأǽУһ㣬ʧҪϸԵ²̫ˣ
ֳһƬңÿһʿŭ죬š
ס񡢷֡ҹϷˣҲüͷ壬ҧгݡ
ϴǺãһ飬ǸԴͳױˡҪԿܡ
񰵰ҧ
Ϸӽ붫ҹӿЦ
²òͷʵڲУֵһ飬컯ɾȽУ취£
׳
ԣ񡢷֡ҹϷǰͷʾͬ


686 Ǭħ
ྲ
һ̺ʥŭȣֱڳһʿͷĿѣѪӿ˭飬޳ȡ컯ɾʸ񣡡
δ䣬ڳһʿȫϢһϣЦá
׻˵²òͷɽƿе˭Ҫ컯ɾֻܹԹ˳ӣɽĹء
ʱȫʿȫûһʿҶһ䡣
ãδ˽컯ɾ˵ȣһغϼ֮У뿪
΢΢һƣʵϣѾҸ׷ˣûҵ׼ʣҪƿϼ죬Ǹܵ飡
꿡ǵһһĿɬЦ⡣
ߣⲻɽҲ̫ˣԭΪɽģ޾Ե干ػ£ʥ֮٣飬ûбϿʣ
Ϸһвá

Ӱһӣֱ㳡룬һУһɰʥͽһϵ꿡廨
̨
ӻͳһ̨ñӴƽ̨˸˸꿡ʥĹЮ£ãֱӱ̨ˡ
¡¡
һת֮꿡ƾձ͵һƬīǿ֮УȥΧһЩռһɲĿռѷ죬ϵŷԲǧɷΧڵ壬ȥ飬ǧٿף˲ֱӡ
ʲôطҵĴ̨ôȫ޷Ӧ׼ȷꣿ
꿡壬һһ֣ŲĿռԼԶһǧɵĿռѷ죬׷׵һΪ֮һ
һ̣꿡׷ͳ̨ҪλãԵšȻ꿡循ȵǣһƬǧٿ׵֮Уλʮֻңûһ׼ȷꡣ
ʱ꿡ȫɫ䣬ȫ衣
λ쿴
ٿأһٵָ꣬һǰԶһ޴Ŀռѷ죬һ׳Ŀռѷ죬˾ȵǣռѷвǺһƬ޵Ѫڣ˶ɣǱ뵣ɾһ㣬ĿĹԡ
һŨӿռѷ֮ӿһڣͶپȫˬƮƮɡ
ռѷ죬ĪǾǴ˵е컯ɾڣ
һɴȹŮգˮ˫һ˼ڴ
û뵽ɽȻܹһƬǺҵ컯ɾڣռѷ̺žؾ컯ɾˡ
ڳļ꿡壬һզ̾š
λѾҵ컯ɾڣǲ̽УѰһԵ
һͷȲشߴ
ͷһ꣬٣ɫž޲Եʮֳȣæ赲ǰǵһִʿóȻ컯ɾУһѣⲻ⡣ԣȾһԣȴ½ʿн롣⣬ҲڴȼǰĻ顣ν˶󣬵Ǽˣֽ컯ɾУȻе
ԣ꿡壬ǰͷǡ
ʿʮޣ컯ɾʮأͷ̲֮գóȻ룬ƽ
羲Ⱥȼл飬һͬɱ컯ɾס
ߣ쿪
޷˪û֮УأЦһ
һ̣꿡벻鷢ˡ
¡¡
ٿأԲɵĿռ䣬ҵһɹɿ񱩵ϯ죬糱ֱӽڳʿС
ʲôһ󣿡
⣬Ǵ˵вɽպǬħױܽɱ벽ʥߣǵʵܾ
ɽǺö񶾣Ȼ컯ɾڴǬħ󣬱ǽ컯ɾ
Ͷ·ֻɱ컯ɾˣ
꿡ҧгݣѽѡ
ŭһΪһ⣬ֱ컯ɾڷӶȥ
ɵĿռѷУ뵣޾룬޾㽡
Ȼ꿡带һռѷ죬һˮͰϸ׽٣ƾճ˵ǰʿͣ½Ųͷ¡
ʱ꿡ǵһΪ֮һ
컯ɾУԭ׽٣
ĲɽѹҪټ컯ɾԭ¾һ
ǶδʥȻҲ⵽׽ٺδʥʿܹ컯ɾ
ֻƴˣ
ʿŭһ׷׻ʥȫֵ
ֻһ󴩽ʯըǧսʿûĵֱֵӱ׽ٺ˲Ƭ
һҵĿռѷָֻƽһĿıɢ


687 سɹ
ߣһ֪СҲ컯ɾȡԵδҲ̫쿪ˣ
Ǭħ֮УڲɽЦһӰһΣ߶̨ƾʧ١
˾㵵ǣƬǺ֮УλʮֻңȻȴܹ߶̨С
ȻƬǺûֻ꣬Ҫãã֮Уҵһȶλãǳѡ
ɽ˶ʥߣҵһȶ㣬¼
ŵ컯ɾ꿡塣
ϼ֮У͵Ӱٿظֶû˿ֱͣڶӵ꿡壬˴̨
һΣ沢ûһ̤ͬϴ̨Ӱһӣػ֮£ϥЦڳ꿡塣
Щ꿡壬ǬħУҲܹ֧ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ʱڣǱҪǿ컯ɾΪƷ
΢Ƭ̣浱һʿ˳ÿʱ䣬ϴ̨һΣ󡣡
δ䣬꿡壬ЩѪڣԾԾ
ģŶӣûĹżҵ𣬺ʱҪŶӹ
еǳ
ϷҹֵˣĦȭƣȲ
Ψףɫž޲ԵΪ
ʱҴңÿʿ봫̨Ϊ컯ɾļƷ
ʱ䣬нһʿ˴̨
쿴ʿҲҪ컯ɾˡٿأ־һָ˲ԶĽһ
ʱסҹˣȫתͷ𻢵ķ
Įվתͷ׵¶һĨмЦ⣬漴һԾϴ̨תʧ١
ȻýȽ컯ɾȡԵһľɥ֮飬ҧгݡ
Ϸ֣οģҪ˶ãͻֵˡ
Ȼһʱ䣬ֵһʿ
ߣ
һȣһԾɣ˴̨Ϸ֡ҹҲ󣬷׷׽
һתӰƾʧ١
棬˵Žɲ壬лᴳ컯ɾô
£ݾѯʵ
΢Ƭ̣컯ɾڴ׽٣ÿһξѪͻ컯ɾڴѾһʿΪ˼Ʒ׽ٵҲࡣŽɲԴ컯ɾ֮С
ԣü΢Щǡ
Žɲ壬ǻĹʱһʣǴ컯ɾƱؽΪɽһв
һǵ浭ĮһЦġȻŽɲ壬ܹ˳컯ɾǲɽǧʿֵһᣡ
˫һеʱһɨա
ȷ
Žɲ壬ǿǧ꿡ǰҲֻ·һ
ǧٿ׵֮Уס˵Ӱһ͸ܵһɿֲѹ£糱ϯҪ˳ɡ
⣬Ǳ͵һɱˣ
񾪺ɫ䡣
ǲɽպǬħǵʵܾ
ּʶ㣬һ˲ϳɱ
ȣ
ŭһȫѪĵһɰĽɫѪӿγһƬ󺣣ֱӽӿƷ˳ȥ

ҹ֡Ϸ׷ͳ˸ԵĻһɫĴʥƳ졣
л֡
л֣ͽǰգֳִʥĶҹ֡Ϸˣһ졣
뼧תͷһƣĿһզࡣ
ҡݶټҡɽһΪ÷֡ҹϷ˳컯ɾвȡԵȫѪеķͶǴʥģ˵ûչֳĵơ
Ǻҵӣһǲƴ֡һһУֱӽǳٻ˳
ʱҹ֡Ϸˣȫһۣһǳֿһ۸еķһɬЦ⡣
ǳǰ벽ʥǳ
ǵʵҪƿǬħǾԲܵ顣Ҫǣ
ʶ񣬵һʱͷڣ쿴ǰһռѷ죬뵣ؾ컯ɾˣ
֡ҹϷʱѭȥһĿ˸˸Ź⡣
ǹ
ͺһֱӽǹ˳׼ȫ컯ɾ
֡Ϸҹˣеıǹʱ׷̾Ϣһ޲һطȥ
ǹýʹ龳ĸ֣ҲѲѡ
ǰҹ֡ϷЩҵӣԵøĺǡ
ǳػ
һ£ǳֱӽӰȫУһ·תų򱦹뵵Ŀռѷ졣
¡¡¡¡
˭룬һռѷ죬߰ˮͰϸɫ׵磬ͷҶ
ÿһ׽٣̺ſֲƣҪһ㡣


688 ۱̻
ܵͻ׽٣ǳеסˣȫȻһһ׷ƿڴ
ǧĲɽԭȦףҪıǣ
׽ټΪֲδʥʿֵ֮ǰһʿҲ֪мʿ컯ɾ
֡ҹϷ׷׻еĴʥȫֵϯ߰׽١
ǹһưǣ
˭룬ûȷ֡ҹϷ֣׾ͽеıǹָһɣˢˢˢˢˢˢˢˢֻХȫ۶ɵĹХֱӽͷҶ׽ٸ˲Ƭ
ǳ΢΢һΣط컯ɾ֮С
ϴһ֣͸㶨׽٣ͷЦ
ϷҹˣһĿף񣬷һͷι
֡Ҳ̫̬ˣһұʾѹܴ󣡡
һס
ҹϷһۣͬС
ȫڸв֪
ҡͷԣظĵ죬봫˵еŽ塢ɲӶᱦʿ鰡Ҫøж
ҹ֡Ϸ뷭һۡ
ٿأǳҵһɼΪֱֲǳ͵س·קȥ
Ѿ컯ɾǳѾܵ˵
һϾզ̾Ϊ˵е컯ɾȻӵ˿ֲҪ컯ɾɽժ£ôˡ
סϷ֡ҹ׷ɢʶ̽״
ǳ켣ƮȫûжڣԼĪһʱ֮󣬺¡һݺݵһƬɽ֮УҰɽʯɡ
ˣڵ˴˵е컯ɾ
ߣȥ
ס֡ϷˣһϲЦտ׷ȲһԾǳзӶ
ӰһֳĿ¶衣
׵İǣΧûʲôΣգȥȺɽƣľд䣬ȸ׷ɣһƬ֮
Ǵ˵е컯ɾôȻͬ죬Ŀռȶԣ͵죬Ҫǿǧ
컯ɾеĿֲ񲻽զྪ̾ûжϴһ򱶣ռȶԣȻ˵
ԣ֡Ϸ׵ˣǰͷ
վԭأ׾͸оϺƿһСɽһ㣬Ͷ֮䣬̶󣬱ʮֻ
Ҫ컯ɾأɽǲ̫ܵˡϷľ
Ϊ˱ҲΪ˰ȫǶҪУȫĳͽǰС
ɫϾȻˣҪΣգ֮ʣȻҪȫӣһ˿һĳɡ
֡Ϸҹͷǡ
ȷ˳է컯ɾ˽⡣˵컯ɾ֮г˯Ŵ˵еޣһɣ޵ע⣬롣
ͽǰУǵʡңԡ
λ컯ɾȻɾŨʼԴҪϰٱ
ҹһϲ
֡סϷ׷״پȫˬ
컯ɾһԵǴ˷ǰֶ飬Ҳûʲôźġܹ컯ɾʼԴҪϰٱ
һȻ
ߣǸϽ·컯ɾǽƾ˫ȸ·ºķѶ꣬Ҳ̽Ѱʮ֮һҪץʱǡ
ϷԸ꣬ߴ
ע͡
һһǰ棬ҹ֡Ϸ룬
û취֮УӵбǹףȻǹǿģңӵŽ壬ҲΪǿ׵忪·Ȼ
ɲ壬ǳƣϺΪʡ
ˣվڶ룬ע·ɢȫ衣
𡭡
ٿأû׵˴ɽɽ壬һͷȫ죬˶ţӵֻ۾ǣʹɽ֮Ϸɱ£Ŀ¶׹⣬ˮʣƺסʿ˲ɶõζʳ
쿴һͷǡ
־һ˷׷ѭȥ
Ǵ˵е۱̻ǣǽ˶ʥܹʮǿ󡣡
Ķٹżļʱ˫һλСģ۱̻ǵʵȰ벽Ԫزɵģ
ԣס֡Ϸҹһݣҵġ
໡
ܿ죬۱̻ǣͷ͵һԾֱͷס
ʩչӡýһԣ´ָͷ۱̻ǣʵȰ벽Ԫ֣ҲǾϤһ컯ɾеս
˵ţֱһǹ뻳Уֿȭ۱̻ǡ
ڷ֡Ϸҹˣһ˵Ҫ֣ʱϲЦտȿֺطǰȫΧ۱̻ǡ


689 
ΪҪ۱̻֣ԣסϷҹˣȫûֱҪʹɱ֡
һ׷ɱֻʩչɵԸ۱̻ǣ
ΪǾӦ»еս׷սپ
ȣ
ֻһȣ׽̤ӡշתŲԾԱɱϢ۱̻ǵѪĵ͵šȭ

ȭͷѸףȻ컯ɾһ֮࣬ǣ׵ȭͷȻΪѸͣȭӰ
໣
۱̻ǲҺһֱӱһȭʮףһȦٶһԾֻѪͫףһ˲۽׵ϣɭ䣬зŭĵͺ
һȭȻû㾡ȫҪʼԴǣ׾پܹһɽ塣񣬾Ȼֻǽ۱̻ǴʮԶ
׸иꡣ
֣ȭұҪԶˣ
һЦһȵ۱̻ǡ
΢΢һЦֶؿŷֵĹ
Ҵ飡
һֱӻеĴʥ۱̻ǵȥ
۱̻ǣӵֻ۾ǱϹһֻҲ޷󰭣Լ
˭룬۱̻ǾһצӲؽХţһԾֱҧ֡
ֻоһ飬еĴʥЩֶɣûȵƨϾͱ۱̻ҧһѪ⣬Ѫ죬Ŀġ
ҵƨɡֲҺһæеĴʥ۱̻Ǹһԡ
һĻֵܵУЩЦ
뼧һۣͷЦ
֣Ҳ̫ˣȻ۱̻ǸҧˣǶ
ϷЦ
ҹҲһζЦ⣬֣㲻˵Ҫǿôôҧˣ
˵ȡЦһһƣҡͷԵظп۱̻ǵҲֲ̫ˣЩҵĽˣΪ컯ɾޣȻƾצӾҵĴʥԿ
ȣ
ͺһִ߶ֱӽƨϵ˿ڸ޸ϡͬʱһӣʩչһصĽֱ۱ֶ̻ȥ
һͷ޸ҧˣȻЩ棬¾ʩչĽҪһسӡ

ʱ콣Ӱֶ£ֱӽɽУƵĽӰ۳һ޵ˮܲ͸硣
໡
۱̻һſһɳȵĻˣɲǼ䣬ХµĽӰһˣȫ½ɢ
żһЩ۱̻ϣҲһЩƤëδ˼Ѫǡ
ʲôҵĽȻûƷ
ź۱̻ǣֲһ
֣۱̻ǳ׿ʥͨĹ˲Цһ
໣
˵䣬۱ַ̻ϷͺһŲһתӭǰȥû뵽˽˶ޣȻӵſֲĿػδܳʥʿĶ֡
۱̻ǵĿػ
ϷеĴʥӰһɳҵһּɫ۳ɽֱ۱̻ǡ

ʱ۱̻ſѪڣͣŻɫײһÿռ𵴣ɽеĲľԻΪҽ
Ӵûɽһ𣬾Ȼսʤһͷ޵ı֣
ϷüͷһЩȣ͵ش߶
ʱ죬ֱӽ۱̻ǸûС
۱̻ƺһֱӷڵأȫƤëȫյһƬڣϸɢһζ
ֶΣΪɽһڿػʵ˵ã鲻Խؽһá
֡ҹҲͷ
໡
Ȼһ̣Ŀ鷢ˡȫڵ۱̻ǣȻһԾѪƤĤ֮ϹתƬ̣ͳƤëָԭ״ӡ
ʲôͷ۱̻ǣת۾ͻָˣ
Ϸ΢΢һţʲôޣȻӵ˿ֲ
סҲԼ۾
ɽޣеķͬɾеޣ츳ѣǿӵŸǧٹֵΨһȱݣǲߣҪܸߵľ磬ܹûΡͷ벽Ԫ۱̻ǣԪʿҲ·硣

ԣϷ֡ҹǰͷ
ȷˣɽУŨĵر洦ɼɾеޣȻҲͣ򣬸ûа취ʿ⡣


690 ɱ¾
İʱ׵ַǰ۱̻ǲ뼧ʳ׿ļһ֮⣬ҹϷˣȫҪеĴʥܹ۱̻ǹв
ڣʱ˾Ϥս׷ײ֣һʱ䵶⽣Ӱɱ졣
ͣͣ
ҹ˻ŸеĴʥ۱̻ǡ
ȣ
״߶ڽɫѪȫһͷһ㣬߸͹͵طһȭ۱̻ǵԴ֮ϡ
ֻһƣߵ۱̻ƺһͷѣ̱ڵء
Žǿֲֿȭ۱̻ⲫ
Ҫûдʥ֣۱̻ʿʥĴڣֻʩչطԶ̹ƾǣҪ۱̻Ǵ򱬣ܣ

Ϸ֡ҹǰľ
һͷ벽Ԫޣ˿ֲټ컯ɾУ϶ӿֲĴڣǶҪСĽǣ
׸пһ
ǿʲô
пĵڣӣ۱̻ǵԴ֮Уڳһεľˣ뵣̺żΪ
ģ޾ˣ۱̻ǵıˣ
־
ϷҹҲ׷״ǰϸơ
ϴ󡣡
һףξ˶ףײεıˣذ棬˫˸˸Ź⡣
û뵽һͷ벽Ԫ۱̻ǣȻӵƷ֮ߵıˣɾеޡ
žɢľײզ̾
ⱾˣеھΪĪĺô
Цѵ
δ䣬ҹ֡Ϸȫһ
ڳˣȫһе̳δܽΪʥߣ񣬸һ컯ɾҵһԷɿ;ȫĵĿܡ
ɾŨ޵ı̺ҲӾǲɱ¾һЩޣռˣΪش棡
˷ܵ㵸
ϷͷЩˣռȻȥ֮ʹ͸ӣҲǴһ
һʱ䣬ڵʿȫ°ȻȲҪɱˡ
໣໣໣໣
ٿأϯһԶǺĤڳȫȻһ
Ǻ
ߣѭ׷ȥһܹҵ۱̻ǣ
һˣ׵˵ͣϢǺķһ·ɱȥ
ԼĪһյĹ˷ԽɽͷһɽİɽĿԶɽһƬΪɽȣľд䣬ɽʯᾣһ֮
쿴ɽɢŲٵȺ
ٿأʶףһָ˷׷ѭȥ
ȻڷԲǧɽУɢһЩȺȥԷ֣һЩ˶ţ۱̻ǡ
ٵȺԼĪֻ߰ͷֻһһĸͷǣʣµĶǡȺϰͷһƺƴ󣬷ǳÿֲ
Ƕͷɱ¾ռˡû뵽һӾͱҵ֮Ⱥ
һ˷ܡ
ҪǽɽеȺһɨգܹõپˣϷо¶
ҹ뼧Ҳ˷ܲѡ
λһɱ¾Σ
żԾԾԵģײɵһЦһ顣
ԣϷ֡񡢶ҹȫ˫һף֣Ҫ
ܼ򵥣ǸΪս֮ɽ弯ϣʱ˭ռľ˶࣬˭ʤ
΢΢һЦ
δ䣬ϷϲЦտظĵ죬ҿ϶ǵһ۱̻ǵı֣Ҹ˺
쿪ʼɣѾȺ򲻼ˣ
ĦȭƣĿ¶̼
붫ҹһۣ΢ƣҲڴ
λһαֻһϷĪΪǿʤԼվ֮С
֪۱̻ʮǼͷʮͷ۱̻ǾۼһŶս͸ӿֲˡ
һʥ߼ʿп
ģǶǺʥӣز¶ڶ࣬ģ
ҹЦǺǵ
׵˵ͷ˲̺ȣƬɽʮֹǵٶȣҪʱϵӦòѡ
ҹ֡Ϸ׷׵ͷǡ
Ȼ˶Ǻʥӣ磬ȫʮ壬Ը׵ָӡ
ȥҲ
һЦֱӼǳӰɽϺХ£ֱһʮͷ۱̻ǵȺӶȥ
֣һһҪӮ㣡
ϷһƣҲһ̲ͣطӶ¡
֡ҹ˵ֱӴɽһԾ£ѡȺȥ
һѪڵı
һûΪ˽ʡʱ䣬˳ɽƷӶ£ͽɱһͷɵԳϵɽʯ֮շתŲ


691 
꣡꣡
׺Գ̩ɽһ˳Ŷ͵ɽ£һɽȣӰû׸ߵĲľ֮С
һ̲ͣһǿǣɱѸס
ѡȺԽԶһʮͷǵĴȺ
ԲøԶֻǶӵнǹ˵۱̻Ǹв
ԣɴѡһеսԵĴȺ
ԼĪһʱ䣬һ·ɱȺΧ
꣡꣡
״ڴϢŴźưܷһĵţĺ˳Ŷͷ䣬ʪ͸
컯ɾеʼԴǵһ౶һ·ɱоͺһСɽڱܣڵģǳˡ
ѵ촽װп
໡
ʮͷ۱̻ǣӵһͷ͸⽡˶ĳǣػȺΧĿ磬Ǳڵв
˵۱̻ǵǲߣҲ֪վڡ
΢΢һЦһֱӼ˽ǹ
ȣ
ͺһڽɫѪĵһ㽡˶ǣȫţһɿֲɵռ䴫˫֮С
ǣǹһ˲䱻״

ָһɣֻৡƿ֧ȫɽɫѪ۶ɵĹХһӵǵڰлһĻߣֱȺȥ

ڽɱУ۱̻ܹģ⧲֮£ɫӰֱӹᴩ˰ͷǵͷ­һϣİ׵ģŽȥĿġ
໡
ͻΣȺһƬңԭſڲݵ۱̻Ƿ׷һԾ𣬳˷ŭĿӡ
һϢֱֳǹïܵĴвϷɱҾ
ҵĹӵԣ˷ӿûа취˳ϣҵҵĲ֮
ĮһЦ׺ܿҵһߵأҧأٶȽеıǹ״
ৣৣৣৣৣৣৣৣ
ƿŵȺӵһ𣬿ųҵĻˣȻһ̣ͷ۱̻ǾٶȵѪ֮С
໡
̶̵ļϢ֮䣬ʮͷ۱̻ǵѪУʣһЩĸǣֵصͺһ׷¶ӿһҲҾ
ߺߣӣûôף
ЦһٶңһΣû£ǽһ룬ָһɡ

ӰһͷͷǷ׷ײҺһ̱ڵأһغ
һԾ¶ΣֱȺķɱȥڵĽɫѪҷڣһͷޡ
໣
һЩӴܵ۱̻ǣһףʱŭŷҪ˺Ƭѩޡ
׵ĮһЦʩչӡʮͷ۱̻ǵİΧȦУеıǹÿһ߰ͷ۱̻һ̱ڵء
ԼĪһʱ䣬ʮͷ۱̻ǣмͷߣʣȫ׸һᴩţûзĻᣬ͵ѪС
ۣ
׽ǹһ·ɱʬǰһѵԴпٳεľˡ
Һã۱̻ǵıˣ𡣲һ׾ռʮöˡ
ʮöˣдС̺Ҳһ㡣
һջķᡣ
촽һЦŶѻһѵľˣãƾűǹҪȡһͷΣӦ׾ٵ顣
ģҲǳô󣬼貹
һӻͳһö鵤УأԵϢһָһЩ
۱̻ǵĽ⣬Ӳʳá۱̻ǵ࣬ȴ̺Űǿ֮һǲɶõζ
Ӻһתʬ֮Уһ̺Ű˳
ͨͨ
׾ȵǣʬȻѾӲȴȻͨͨͣɴ˿ɼ֮еѪжôʢ
𣡡
һƬƧָһڶ𣬿ϵһĺ濾£أͨͨͣ
ѰĻ֣ûа취̺Űˡвپˣ⾧۱̻ǵıˣ̺ŲٵĻԪء촽״ӻͳһöСľˣ߶һƣһеĻԪӿ֮Уʱ죬ҵĻԭأͣ࣬һĺ濾Уһ˵Ŀζ˱ǶƢ
Щ⣬ζҴ󲹡
Цͳһƿƣյ
ͬһʱ䣬񡢶ҹ֡Ϸˣȫɱ۱̻ǽŶţһƣߣǿڴںȾƴڳ⣬һѪ


692 ͨ
ȣ
һͺȣеĴʥһͷ۱̻ǵͷ­֮У۱̻ǰһ̱Ѫ֮С
ˣ
ʥ۱̻ǵͷ­аγֿٳˣһЦѾɱһȺеıˣҲﵽö˱ռϷ硣
˵ţֽŲֱͣԶһȺɱȥһʮͷ۱̻ǵȺʮ͡
ƾһʥҪһȻôסڣһеûչ¶
ԼĪһʱ䣬ȺΧŲԶȺ˫֮˼
ֻϡһһٻһɫĳͬһʥԼĪһɳɢһ䳹ǵĸо͸ڲƺ̺һعǺǺ֮ϣ˼ĹǴ̣Ǵ̵ľͷ뽣϶Ϊһʮ־졣
ҵǽǴʥҪǵó²Ϊ棬ǣǽҪǺ϶ΪһôͿȰ벽ʥˡ
һˣֵеǽʼǶںϣǽһһСǶһ֮󣬱磬һɭɭɢź˹ǿһۣͺ顣
ɱ
źϲ֮ĹǽֺһͷԱһԶȺ
໣
ͷһͷ۱̻ǣ˶ţͱѰ۱̻ǣҪ׳˶һȦȻȺм
һֻһ󾢷Ҫ˵ڵأҧϺ

һеĹǽ͵¡
һ˾ȵ鷢ˡǿʥ۱̻ǣȻֱһϣһӹ촦
˹ǽ֣Ҫնɱ۱̻ǣͺƿвһס
һЦ

һߣϷվһɽͷϣɽµһȺһʮͷǵȺгͷĶ̡
һɽһľѧɱ󣡡
һЦϷӰһӣʧԭأԼĪһյĹɽ»죬ķ׭Ư۳һӴĽɱ󣬽ʮͷ۱̻ȫΧС
ɱ֮У죬˳һ㣬ͣӿʮͷ۱̻ǡ
УֻǣûֶܼãͰһ̱ڵأڻ֮Уճɻҽ
໣
ͷ۱̻ǷسײŴҪӳ죬ϧÿһγײɣ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ͷ۱̻ھƣߣϢ٣ղҺһڻ֮С
ԶĲľϣϷһԾ£ɱ󣬿첽ճɻҽʬҳˡ
ãıˣȫûֻöˣջһ֡
ƾɱҿԲѴ֮ɱ۱̻ǡ༸ˣΪɵˡ
Ϸб뵵ľˣһʱϲЦտ
ѰȺһΣһҪõһ
Ϸ²

¡¡¡¡
һߣһǳûɵشͣشʯһɽе۱̻ҳһ
ǳð벽ʥ޾ʥ֮£۱̻Ǹ⣬һҺӴܡ
ģ۱̻ܵҲ̫ˣҲʣľܹˣ
ҡͷԣ˼ҪսҪսʽˣ

ҹĹľС

һУһɫƥǴһ㣬ͽһͷ۱̻Ǹ廨
ˣ
ҹӹľŴʥش۱̻ǵͷ­ڳˡ
⸿ǰ벽ʥܹʥߣ۱̻ǣֻǰ벽Ԫ磬Ӳҵġ
һˣҹϲЦտһȻ˵ҵĸһֻһͷ۱̻ǣЧʲߣɱȺԡѪսҪöࡣ
һαұعƣӦǰ
ҹ΢΢һЦͣرһȺ

ʼԴǵɽ֮иʩչѧ󣬶̶̵һʱڣͽɽеȺ¾һ롣
ǰ⣬սپռˡ
ҪڱǰͷնɱȺȡˡ


693 ˱
ڶգɽ֮һɻ֮
һʮ׸ߵϣľ죬ϪˮһȺ۱̻ſ˯ͷƤǣ໥׷ϷţвʱһҵĻˡ
ͷ۱̻ǣϣвʱ캿һ
ٿأ·һϤϤ졣
һӰϢ֮£һööȭͷС裬Ȼڲ
ܹʮͷ۱̻ǣҪ˶ãΪɱеʬ塣
Ϸķһʱ䣬۱̻ǵƤӵ£ɽһľѧɱ󡱸ϡ
΢紵Ϸȫʪ͸Щ䣬֮ϣȴһĨȻЦ⡣
ѾǵڶˣеľˣѾռʮöرˣңңȡ
һƣϷҪ߶ɱ󡱣ʮͷ۱̻ǣͬȫճɻҽ
˭룬ʱ䶸

ֻһƿ죬ܹ֧ХֱӶ˰ͷ۱̻ǵͷ­
һ͸ϣһͷͷ۱̻ǣһ㵹Ѫ֮С
ʣļͷǣ׷׾ʧɢӡ
ʲôǡֵıǹ
Ϸһƣʱһ

ûϷӦһƿ˶ļͷǣҲ½Ѫ֮С
ţʮͷ۱̻ǣת֮䣬ȫˣ
ϷȻһ̧ͷ¸ߴֻһͷͷ˶ţʬ˵ɢһأо
Ҫ֪ϷΪɱʮͷ۱̻ǣķһʱʱ䣬ӿص㣬Σٵɱ󡭡ѾæµԭΪܹˣ˭룬Ȼ·ɱҧͽϷֵսƷˡ
ȣ
Ϸ֮ʣһ˶Ӱһ·ɱһͷιըεļ⣬һǿӾС
շתŲ֮䣬·
֡
Ϸ첽ǰסȥ·
֣Ҳڰ
̧ͷһƣϲЦտɣ
ϷߺߵƲƲ죬Թ֣Ҳ̫۸ˣΪΧɱϵ۱̻ǣķһʱҿҪ󹦸֮ʣ·ɱҵսƷδ̫ƻˣ
ԣײ΢΢һüͷһϲЦտ֣ԭȺ۱̻ǣҵϵʮ龧ˣ͸գȥĵطԡ
Ϸһһ˼ס
׾Ȼͽʮ龧͸
˵˭Ȩɱɽе۱̻ǣңϷȻǰڹϾûɱԣײ֡νΪǿ׾Ҫʮ鱾ˣϷҲֻܴʡ
û뵽׾Ȼʮ鱾øϷ
֣ⲻ̫ðգȻȿȺ۱̻ǣǱϾûж֣㽫սƷȫóδЩ˵ȥ
Ϸͷһεס
û£ʮ龧ôȥռˡ
ЦŰ˰֣һ󷽵ģûнʮ龧˷
ȵȵȡ
Ϸ֪˵һƢ첽£ͳʥʮͷʬͷ­ڳ˾ˣţһ·ɱ£˲ͷĺ飬չһЦ֣Ҫִ⽫еľȫøңҲЩⲻȥֻеöˣʣµİöȫ㡣
˵ţɿشʮ龧ѡ߿ԽСľˣ뻳Уʣľˣǵݸס
һƣҲƴǣ°öˡ
ۡҪϢһʱ䣬ȾƳ⡣ƣһÿһδ߶ǹǶһξ޴ġ
ԣϷһеο˲١
Ȼűǹʩչļ󣬱ϷġɱҪ١
֣ʱ룬֪Ѿռ˶öˣ
Ϸһס
ԭϷɱ¾Ϊȶǰ񿴵׵ɱٶȣʱЩй
ֻ࣬һЦָͷ
ʮ龧ˣ
ĸָͷϷǰһͦͦظһĵ󣬡֣˵ѾռʮöˣϸղŵöˣѾʮöˣҪ಻٣һɱ¾Ȳʤȯˣ
ԣײ΢΢һЩû״
֣ҲҪġȻռľûҶ࣬Ҳǲˡ
ϷЦ׵ļһذο˵ܹ֮ôɱȺȫ鹦һɽһġɱ󡯣
ɱ󣿡
΢΢ͷ
һ̣ױһ޹֣ˣָͷָռʮ龧ˣ
һ٣ϷһɻĿ⣬׻ǡٿ龧ˣ


694 
ϷЩһѪ
ףȻѾռٿ龧ˣ
˱ˡ
ԭΪֻռʮ龧ˣϷʮſ龧ˣҪѷɫ١
˭룬׾Ȼռٿ龧ˣ
š
ֱ֣һϷһƵףҪһطȥ
ѹҪʮ龧øϷԭʮ龧ˣУֵһᰡ
ֻǽҰˡ
ϷһϵģЩεͷ
ʵײû˵ʵ
ʵϣѾռʮöˣΪ˷㣬ָ
ҪϷһͷϷˡ
ߣ콫ղŵİ˿龧˻ң
Ϸһӵףִ׻ᾧˣεؽ˿龧˵ݸϷϷֱ׳С
Ѿռٿ龧ˣνȲʤȯȻ֣ûԣ
Ϸһŭصס
ʼ޹̯˫֣ãáڿʼҲɱ۱̻ˣ˰ա
ʵֻǾ۱̻ǵ࣬˼ζִ󲹣̲סһЩˡ
Сֹ
Ϸɵһ׵񣬷·Ҫ˶ɡ
ϷǷ֡ҹ񣬶ں𣬸ĸ
ⳡɱ¾ÿһ˶ƴȫ߲ݣֻΪܹǰéժȡһĹڡ
˭룬һȻпճȾƣζ
Խܵǣˣ׵ջȻԶϷϷޱȣҪһͷײĳ嶯
ѹɽе۱̻ǣԽԽϡˣԭɱˣҲͰˣȻ֣
Ϸһ߷ߵضףһҪ׾ļơ
һЦϷҪҷָٿ龧ˣģҲ˵ġ
δ䣬Ϸʱֱţ˭Ҫʩˣ˭Ҫˣûɽһʥӣʱ
Ϸһףߣ㲻ҪʩᣬҲܡҲܶȡڶ
Ϊϻ˵ĶӣϷһĸ£һ˵ҪָپˣʱֱţЩҪ׾
Ǻðա
һЦȥȾƳˣпգҲ
˵ţ׿첽£ǵʬڳأͣ࣬Ϸ
ϷƤһߺߵһţһԲصͷߡ
һεѸԶȥϷЩεҡҡͷǵ࣬н㣬̲ҵһƬ⣬־Ȼ飬
˵ţԹԵؿʼ⣬ִӻͳһƣյ
Ϊ˿⣬ֺķһ龧˵ְܼҵľٶҪǱ֡Ϸ˿ˣһĭ
΢ζܿɽ֮Ʈɢ
ɽһƬˮīһۿף֮пһ㣬һֻϺˮݶΧķޣǰˮٲȻһ̶ˮ
ٿأīĺ룬һټͷˮ֮ð˳һˮ״СͷͫгһߣһһɳŲͣţƺᵽ˿ƮɢζŰ
ܿ죬һϰ׳ˮͰϸɫ˰ֱµķδܶȥ
Ĺľԣѹ㵹ڵأϰ׳ɫƲϷһ㣬գۼ䣬ϡ
һɰʥɫľɢȻһʥ߼ľ
ڴڳںȾƣյغС͵һһԾĿ磬ԶӶһƥ⡣
еϮ
ʥȻʥ߼ޣ
׾һæǹȫë
𡭡
ֻһŭХ¶Ϊ֮ϵľӦۣϰ׳ľϰһˮ״Сͷ­ףһɳŲţгһߵ˫֮¶һĨɭȻ׹⡣
ߣԭһ
촽ȵãԴӽ컯ɾû֣ɱһ
δ䣬߶Ѫȫ߸͹
¡¡
ʱɫѪӿ۳һƬɫŷԲǧ׵Ŀռ䣬ͣķӿĵ
ԭ׵ʵױܴһѪĵױûԲǧĿռ䣬һ򱶵֮£ĶҪСöࡣ
бһףƺûн׷Уˮ״Сͷ­һ̽һͽеĿȫ˿С



695 ػ
ʲôȻң
üͷһŭһȫͷŰ繥ƣʱɫѪһƬ󣬳־Ǿŵ֣һҵĻȥ
𡭡
˭룬;޴ľȻ͵ſѪڣһڽɫѪɵľ˿С
ȫ£
컯ɾеޣȫǹ̥ǿȣһһֲ
׵һɱŨ
ɱ
ŭ𣬷˿裬ҵؿʼȼھѪͬʱ˫֮һ޴ĺ
ȫһܱǧ磬ɫĺһ㣬ӿ

ʮأ
ȭ죡
Ǭ󣡡
ɽ֮
޾׵ӿÿռ𵴣˻
꣡꣡
˭룬ӴľȻһӣ׾ٵӳ׵ĹΧٶ֮죬Ѹס
¡¡
ֲĽɫ󣬽Բǧɵɽعѣľۣһĩ֮
ʲôÿֲٶȣ
𺳣̶ֳȵٶȣ׵Ĺûа취о
ûûо˵նɱˡ
ӣ
һˣ׵ʩչӡɿضӶȥȻûа취ȥֻ·һ
ԣֻʮΪϼƣ
𡭡
źɫľȻ׼ŹϣŭһɴܶҪһڽ׸С
У
ʱһ͵תµıǹɿ

ʱļӰ۳һâֱ˶ɫ
ɫ⧲֮£˸š
ֻ䡭һѰıɫİ壬ֱըѿѪ׷ɡ
ɹˣ
˷ܵػһȭͷϲЦտ
𡭡
Ȼһ̣ε鷢ˣըѳɲĩɫȻһֱΪһ⣬ײеطӶ
޿ӣֱӱŸѪС
ã
ײҺһæĵھѪҪӳ졣
ϧɫţΪӲʥƾӳ졣
ѹ
ǧһ֮ʣŭһȫ߶еıǹʱһڽƣϯ£һ磬ϯƬɽȣ𵴡
໡
ɫȻһֻüҧ׵һֱۣæȴ
һ㣬һغˣ
״ڴϢźưܵķһҵš
ѵֱ۴ʳһɹīѪˮ
⣬Һжˣ
˿ʶµѪˮײɫΪ֮䡣
߶Ҳû׸ܵʹ࣬ԣ׷𣬴߶ܿһֱۡ
ʲôͷδҲֲ̫ˣо
𡭡
ʱɫľһΪһ⣬ֱ׷˶
Ȼһæ߶еĽǹ
Ȼ˵׵ľΪҪȫ߶ƣǾԲܵģǣʩչʮ֮һѹҲ˾ˡ
𡭡
ŽɢĿֲѹɫ͵ͣ¹ƣѪţһ˫˫ͫгһ죬ضס
ɽ֮Уľۣعѣһɽľ໥š
ণ
ٿأһʯĤһεѡ
ѭ̧ͷֻһͷɵľȫڳҵɫ֮УԶмٷӶէһһơ
ʲôʲô񣬺ÿֲƣ
Ȼһƽһɳ֮ģҪڵأͷݡ
ҺŽ壬ǣ򣬶ڵأߵ
𡭡
һɫһ㣬һΪһɫƥֱԶһ̲ˮӶȥ
ণ
ϧΪʱԶеĻգۼ͵شһצӾͶ˾ͷ­һģеߵͱʳȥ
̳ߵתͷбһֳֽף͵һ˫ᣬҡֱϾתʧ١

Х֮׷³һʶָ
ղͷӵ龳ʵһצӾͽɫɱˣʵֲ̫ˡ
׻Ȼо¡
컯ɾеĻҪΣյöࡣ
³һĿԶ̶ˮԵľʬϣһˣ֪ڣûбˣҪܹʥ߼ľڣڳˣر۱̻ǣҪٱ
һˣ׵ŲתֱӴľʬ塣
ХɽУһɳǵĺ⡣


696 ϻ
ಣಣ
׽Ųתת֮䣬Ӵľʬǰ
˿̣ɫľѾĳһѪߵʧ٣īѪˮ˿ڴʳĿġ
ҿղŵͷûйңĻҵʵнǹ֣Ҳֻ·һ
װ˼⣬ҡͷһЦ
һһʥ˳ɫͷ­֮УתѪʥиˮ״Сͷ­ֻһ죬ͷ­ֱӱи
ȥ˵ľȻûǰƣ࣬ʥ׾ܹи
ϧˣڶ̫࣬Ļи죬һ۱̻Ҫζ̲
ҡͷпһ

ڣһһʥòƴһӲ壬һһƣ֪ҵ˾ˡ
ӾڣһöȭͷСɫ˸˳
ԼĪȭͷСľˣ磬һɴѪ˿˴Ѳѡ
ıˣ̺żΪŨ۱̻ǵıˣҪϰٱ
ɫľдŨϢһϲ
龧ˣҾֹͣԣҲܹѹȲʤȯˣ
촽һɫľ뻳Уͳһö۱̻ǵľˣϥʼ
ͬʱɢɽеļ񡢷֡Ϸҹˣȫ񷣬һľ֮ɫ
ģһͷʲô񣬾Ȼӵ龳Ϣʵֲ̫ˣ
һ
컯ɾҪΣյöֻ࣡еĹǽզ̾
Ϸ붫ҹҲĻң׷Ϣ
ܿ죬ʱҴš
һ磬׵һɽ۱̻ǵ࣬һЩζ⣬׼һЩƼ׼ӭֵܵĹ
һϷڣɫһƲֵģ
֣ˣ׼˿⡢ƣǺúףһ
ЦŽһ⴮ݸϷ
Ϸҡҡͷûʲôʳ׵Ȱ˵£Ż͵Ŀһڡ
һȥ죬ζ˱ǣƢǳнУڳ㡣
֣⿾Ҳ̫óˣ
Ϸͫףһ˼ףеĿԵþ⣬׵ݹһƿƣҲ븹УС֮ڶůĸоشһá
۱̻ǵ̺࣬ʢ̳֮븹̲อ׳˶ǣŲЧ
Ц˵
Ϸ˴֣Ҫӿһ⣬˭룬ȴһĿʣµ˵ġ
ϷߺߵƲƲ죬˲һƽʯϣƲֵ񷡣
֣̫˰ЦϷƷζеһ⡣
ߣΪ㡣
Ϸûطһۣ߲࣬ݣռʮöˣһȣֵһᣬʵ̫ˡ
΢΢һЦҡͷ
һ񡢶ҹȫ糾͵˰ɽһ緢г
֣еĹǽˣһ۾Ϳ˷еĹǽһ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽ֵϡ
ȵĿ⣬Ŀķ֣΢΢°ͣЦλֵܣǽԭֻһʥܹһһСϲ֮ƷһΣֱư벽ʥ
δ䣬ҹϷˣһһ۵ŷеĹǽ
벽ʥں˵ҲǲɶõĴڡ
񣬷ƾеİ벽ʥջķᡣ
֣һջ˶öˣ
ϷȲʵ
ȻѾ֪Լջ񣬸ױ̫󣬸һεĴڡǣʤļǿϷȻҪժȡڶԣڷֵջ񣬷ǳĹġ
񡢶ҹҲ׷׿֡
ֻһеĹǽһУʱӴָٻһѱľˡ
ܹʮöˣдСһ㡣΢°ͣڳ˵ķӦ
ʲôʮöˣϷɫһ
ԭϣ¶ڶ˭룬㱨ս׺ͷ֣ջҪѹϷһͷ
֣ջôۿϷһƣζһЦȤ
ϷƵذ˰ֻ֣ռʮöˣҪһЩ
ԣֵЦĵ죬һɱ¾ǵʲõӮˣ
ϷҲҪ٣ĳɼӦÿеڶܷϷļ򣬰ο


697 ͵
֣㲻ҪΣĳɼҪһЩǸ˱ȣֵһᡣ
ŵķ֣ϷûطһۣԹԵϥһƲֵغƣſ⣬ȴоʳ֮ζ
ʲôҵջֵһ᣿
΢΢һһЦЦҵҪ˭ջҶ࣡
˵ţתͷһĶҹüͷ֣ջΣ
ҹüͷһһУֱӴӴָͳһѾˣȥٲȻȷֵľˣҪһЩ
˼ܹռ˰ʮöˡ
ҹһǷģǰһ׵нӹһ⣬ڳںȾƣҲ֡
ʲôռ˰ʮöˣһҪöһجģȫΪ֮һ
ܣƾŰ벽ʥ߲ݣռʮöˣôܱһࣿ
ҡͷԣأԲǰʵ
ǰ벽ʥôҲС
ҹһЦһУǽһ˳ǸƷʿȰ벽ʥ۱̻ǣ׾١˵Ҵδܹһˣÿһͷ۱̻ǣǰȫ޻֮
֡ϷһһЦ
Ϊһһƴ֣һһز¶
ߣֻеڶˡ
ЩƵȻڵϡ
õó֣ռô㾧ˣҲҫ
ʱһֱû˵ļһЦһӣֱӴӴָнնľȫٻ
ʱܹһʮöˣȫѻڵϣ磬ȷ붫ҹҪࡣ
Ϸ֡ҹȫɵ۾һǿŹһż
֣δҲֲ̫ˣȻռһʮöˣòǻˣ
һɥشţʮơ
ҹһͣԼ۾
̬һһ̬ôͺһֵˣ˲簡
ϷƵͷײ±ڣ졣
ֻ֣ûл㱨սˣզջΣ
ҹһڴס
֡Ҳһڴס
Ҫ˵вˣȻӵŽŽˡ
ȵĿ⣬׹һЦֵæſ⣬Ⱦƣջ񲻶࣬Ͳ㱨˰ա
ײ˵ʵϷǰ֮½Լջ˵÷ֱֵӱϾֵꡣ
һɱ¾ΨһӮˣ㵸һģ
Цż񣬽ݸڳļˣһʱ䣬⡢ƣֵΧһҪھжڡ
֣㡭Ϸһȵףֹ
׷նľˣΪβ˵أ
ܵϷеЦҡҡͷһոտ⴮ݸϷƺҪʳסϷ졣
ϷҡͷҲơ
֣ջ٣ǵһϿھƣ
ЦǺǵشȤ
Ϸüͷһһ
֣ôҲǻɽһʥӣôôҲûаνԸķ䣬ϽҾ
ˣ붫ҹҲЦϷһ֮ͬɫ
ߣҾҪƣҲӦþ㣡
Ϸ޿̣ڵڶ죬ռٶöˣ˼Ҫ࣡ԣɱ¾ĵһ֣
δ䣬񡢷֡ҹȫһȵס
֣ڶնٶöˣ
Ŀ࣬ԼĶ䡣
ٶöˣʲô
֡ҹ˼ûһ˵ջࡣң⻹ջ
˱ˣ
ҲţۼΪʵΪ飡ҪۿԸķ䣡õ
֣ǿ۽ա
ǰǶ֪ջ񣡡ҹȰ˵
еڴ֮ɫεͷ֪û취ˣһУһѾ˸ٻ˳
ʱһѱľˣѻһСɽ˸˸Ź⣬ۻҡ
ģܹʮöˣ˱˰
Ҫһͷײĳ嶯
֮ǰΪԼһܹȡһڣ˭룬һȣͲһεĴڡ
ҲˣҸоѾûʲôˡҹһ֮ɫûĹҵʥӣδͬôҹ
Ϊϴ󣬾ţ죬һ㣬ķڷ
ҡͷһЦվ׾ơ
ЦŰ֣Ҳðˡλֵܣڳ⣬ںȾƣ
ٿأϷ˫һһȵŶѻɽľˣ͵ִһѾһȭͷСɫˣ˶ס⡭ʲôˣŨ


698 ׻ȳ
ৡ
ʱ֡ҹ˵ĿҲ׷׾۽ɫΪ֮һ䡣
ҿ
ִϷУȭͷСɫ˸ߣϸĦţ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ʲôˣŨûжϴĻö̺ϰö۱̻ǵľˣ
ҹһϾ
ǿιһף֣նɱٶͷ۱̻ǣռһöƷʵľˣ
紵ָоȫ𳹹ǵĺ⣬ģҲˣûˡ
Ϸһͬŷ֣ʾͬС
ûжϴĻӦǴ˵еĶԵıˣ
֮󣬼ɫһ
֡ϷҹȫзŹ⣬ϴڶԵľ˶Ϊ档
˵У궾ʥ߼Ĵڣų֮ʮֲֿ֣öǷǴһʥ߼ľڻȡģ
һڴס
ৡ
ʱ֡ϷҹˣҲ۾һգգضס
΢΢һЦ˵ͷöȷʵǴһ޴ɫڳģû뵽ȻǶԣ
δ䣬֡ҹϷȫһһɫŹֵס
֣˵УԵʵʥ۷壬Ԫ߰ؾ磬Ѱʥߣ֣Ȼǹƥնɱһԣ
һŵףһʶһ
ʲô궾Եʵӵʥ۷ʵ
ģûգ֣Ȼǹƥնɱһʥ۷弶Ķԣ
ΪĹʱһŽ壬ֲ̫ˣ
֡Ϸҹȫеľ
еţЦŰ˰֣ʵҲûôţȻӵŽǹ֣Ҫƾһ֮նɱԣһЩ
һ٣³һһͷȫԡӴһʳ˶ԵߵһغżһˣӶԵʬڳöˡ
ԣ֡ϷҹȫȻԭôһ¡
ɱԵĲףһֻӴ
֣˵ͷȫԡҲӵ龳ƣֲ֮
һ㵣ҵʱŵڵأҴ
Ϸҹˣ׷׵ͷ
컯ɾеҪΣ࣬龳޶У⣬˵޳˯УһҪС£
׽еĿ븹УһЦļ죬ǲ翪һȡԵľΪȫһ硣
ԣ֡Ϸҹȫͷ
֮䣬Ψʵʵģ֮⣬ٿնҪ컯ɾıȡĻԵҪ㹻ǿʵС
ֻŹǽڰɽ俪ٳһ׵ĶѨϷڶѨڲһɱһˣŲ붴ѨУչǱޡ
֣֮ǰıûӮ㣬ھͱȱȣ˭һͻƣΣ
Ϸһαҵףľ񣬶ʱչ¶š
ס֡ҹһۣһơ
֣һ;ǧ裬Ȼдľ֣Ҫڶʱڣͻƣǲ̫ʵġ˷컯ɾΪǶȡһԵɲ̫ܶãƽ˷ʱ䡣

ҹǰͷ
ߣһͻƣ̤ԪʱһЯǵģ
Ϸһۣϥ˫ƽ̯֮иһöˣżн
붫ҹһЦҡҡͷҲϥʼվ֮е
˵ǽеöԵľ˳ǿһС硣
дİװֹһ
ҹХɽ֮һƬš
ٿأԶ֮Уһյƣϯֺѹǳݵĸо
˽Ŀ鷢ˡȥǧĻȳһγһյơѸײڶ֮ƣɽеĻľޣȫ̳Եþ⡣
֮ȫһƬ֮أݲʬǱء
¡¡
ɽ䣬ɱΪȳɨ͵ʱɫ𣬽ӳһƬͨ죬ư硣
һֻֻԼĪƴСĻȳ棬֮£һУֱһغ
Ļȳ棬ǻ۳һƬƣҲƵշתӿɱ֮С

ʱɽΪ֮𵴣ǧƵĻȳ棬ǰ̵ӿɱ֮УƷɶ˻һ㣬ҡػΣɽʯ䡣


699 һ
Ѩ֮У׵һ˫ɫΪ֮һ䣬ãеϮĿϢ˸ѡ
Ϸ񡢷֡ҹȫȻһһ񣬾
Ѩ֮⣬ǵصĻȳ棬ɽеĻľޣȫ̳Եһɶ
֮䣬Żȳ˻ļ졣ÿһֻȳ棬аƴСȫ鲼ףһ·ֱײޣǧֻ׻ȳֱһӵϣһ֮䣬ͽһͷ̳Եùͷʣ
ֲļ˻֮䲻ϻصѨеķ֡ҹϷ˾ŵɫɷףҴ
˿ֲƣԲһͷܹγɳģпǳǧȺۼһ
һʲô
ס֡ҹϷ񣬽ֻ֣Ȼų׿սԳǧȺȻֻĶӵķݡ
ȥһ̽
ɫƽӰһӣֱѨڣĿԶʱһ
̧ͷȥҲϢһϡ
ʲôӣȻ˵ÿֲת֮䣬ͽɽȸɨһգ
ǵصĳȺһ
֡ҹϷҲ׷׹ڣ״ǵصĻȳʱȫĿɿڴɫҰֽ
Ǵ˵еĽ׻ȳ档
ٿأϷĶһżڽ׻ȳйϸĽܣûжϴĻЩȳ棬Ǵ˵еĽ׻ȳ棡
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ϷϷڽɽһνǼʶ㡣
ȵĿ⣬Ϸɤһһʮؽ׻ȳ棬ȫӲ֣Ľ׻ȳ棬ȻֻаƴСʵʿ𿴽׻ȳĸսڣȺӾۼһʮֲֿһЩʥޣ׻ȳȺֻԴеķݣûз
δ䣬֡ҹˣȫһ
׻˵϶ˣҧ󡣸ο׻ȳӵʵǧۼһ𣬸ǿֲ֮
λǧҪ֡
׵´һ
֡ϷҹˣһϢҴ
¡¡
Ȼһ̣׵ε鷢ˡ
׻ȳ治˲ڶѨڵɱ󣬵ʱȫתɫ𣬽԰ټƵĽ׻ȳճ˻ҽ
ãɱˣ
Ϸɫ䡣
׸һҧȫս
ϣϣϣ
ʱҹ֡ϷˣͳһԴ߶׼ӭս
ߣһȺȳôһ˾ܽɱ⣡
һ
嶯
׻æסȰڶѨ֮Уһս֮ǳѨ⵽ǧĽ׻ȳΧֻ·һˣ
΢΢һε̾Ϣһ
֣֪Ƶ֮ߣתͷϷ
Ϸڽ׻ȳ棬Ƚ˽⣬˵֪Ƶ֮ߡ
˭룬ϷǿЦҡҡͷҪǧĽ׻ȳ濹⣬ӵоԵʵѹơ򣬾ֻһ취
ৡ
ס֡ҹȫ˶䣬
νֻҪ׻ȳеĳסôĻȳͲΪˡ
Ϸ
üͷһʲôͷʵΣ
иƣȡ
˵ȣϷ϶һ˿Ͼ֮ɫͨ˵굶ȵʵﵽʥ߼Щرĵȣܹʥ硣
׵ȫϢΪ֮һϡ
굶ȣӵʥ߼ʵʵرͻĵȣܹʥ磿
Ҫɱȣǲ̫ˡ
ҡͷЦ
ȷΪųǧĽ׻ȳػҪɱǧѡ
οڳʿȫδܳʥҪһɱʥ߼ĵȣȫǳ롣

˽ʱԽԽĽ׻ȳ棬˶ڴɱ֮УƺǷ˶ڶѨ֮еʿ˻ţһ״
ǧƵĽ׻ȳǰ֮£ɱ𵴣Ȼ֧Ų˶ãҪȻ顣
ˣҪǱǧĽ׻ȳɽƾǼ˵⣡
붫ҹ亹ֱ
ģƴˣЩܻ
ȥնɱȡ
ǧһ֮ʣװ˰ֱ֣ԽڶӵŽǹ˵ܹɱȡֻҪȸ˳ɱôǧĽ׻ȳ棬ԵӦɢ
񡢷֡ϷҹȫȻһɫ䡣


700 
ȫûϵ׻ӧƾһ֮ӭսǧĽ׻ȳ档
У֡Ľ׻ȳǵأʥҰޣֻԴеķݣ㵥ǹƥһΧˣƱؽ·һ
Ϸһҡͷ
ûֵܣͬиͬûһ˳еΣĵ
ֻеĹǽɱڡ
λǵĺˡǣڳǧĳȺǰ˵ʵ̫СƾŽԱ֮ǼսֻϺȣ
ɫϾ
֡Ϸҹˣȫɫһ΢΢̾Ϣ
ȷ
ڳȺǰǵʵֵһᣬȻŰ벽ʥ֣Ҳֲ˶á
ǵһ֮˵ס
֡
ųĬļˣתͷƽƤЦļ񣬴˿ɫüͷ壬һصӣӦһ£Ҵȥ㶼Ҫúñλֵܣ׼κһ̤ѨһսɳҲĿ
һֱǹ˳
֮ʣΨȫһˡ
ϴ󡭡
ϢһϣɤЩ
֣ǽҵֵܣҵĻһΣҼ㲻ɱȣҲһܹȺ
ȫѪڣΣȴһɥã
һɫҧҧڵͷӦ
¡¡
ɽʯ䣬ɱ𵴣ԽȣƺʱҪӦѡ
֣
֣
֡ҹϷˣ˫죬ס
ȥҲ
ͷҲأһԾ˶Ѩ
֡ϷҹһŭͳԵıҪɱѨͬ
˭룬Ǳһȭһȭҵõɳȥ
ϴΪ˸ǲȡһϧðΣȺǲ飬װԼôھ˶ϣ
첱Ӵ֣ŭصŷ֡ҹϷˡ
֡ҹϷ΢΢һҧҧȻ̱ڵأۿʪ˫΢΢
֣һҪ
ֵ֣Ƿһ飡
֡ҹϷȫȻûΪһĽһ½󣬿޵һӡ
˭˵ж᲻ᵯ
ֻδĴ
ǳ
ؿһ۶Ѩ֮⣬ϵջĿ⣬¶࿴һۣԼᰴ಻סѨײս
һУǳٻ˶ѨڣԼҲȻڵأ˫
ͬʱѨ֮⣬ȫѪڵףֱֳǹһ㣬͵س𣬿ϯ˿٣졣
׻ȳ棬Ӱ
Цһһȫ߶ɫѪϯ죬γһƬռ䶼Ϊ֮𵴡
ʱǧĽ׻ȳ棬ȫƴ˻ţ˳һӿס
ǵصĽɫѪ̺ʢڽ׻ȳ˵Ǵ֮
ߣҪ̳ҵľѪûôף
Цһ׵ʩչŵֻ֣䡭һѪת˲۳һɫһֱųȺϯȥ

ռ𵴣˻ǧ׳Ľɫ͵ǧֻƴСĽ׻ȳײһ
ʱһֻֻȫףʳᣬĽ׻ȳ棬׷˻һ˲⣬䡣
ߣ
һ֣ҶֱΪһ⣬ҲƵԶϯȥ

ʱǧĽ׻ȳ棬۳յƣһ̲ͣ׷ɱȥ
ণ
ͷһֻȳ棬һ׶೤ȫŰɫĹͫ׽Ľ㣬ֵһޱȡ
ȻȺߡȡ
ݣݣݣ
ֻХһ׶೤ĵȣ͵ӰһΣʱƾʧԭء
һ̣Ӱ£̺ŰʥûһʮնƺҪڵһʱ䣬׶飡
ÿٶȣ
ͻĹЩ⧲ǧһ֮ʣʩչӡ֮յرܹҪλ
ͣͣ
ϧֱȻ׸ϣһʱ䣬Ѫɡ
ұ
ĵʹŭһȫһȭƺҪһֱӳһƬմȥ

޾ĽɫѪӿÿռΪ֮˻һ׶೤ĵ΢΢һΣֱ¶Ρ
ͬʱ˶ĵ棬ֱӺ£ػǰ
׵ȭ磬ڵȵֵ֮ϣûЧɱˡ
ͬʱǧĽ׻ȳ棬һĿ¶׹⣬ȻѪʢףʮ⣬䵱ͣȲҪС
ȣ
͵һнһɰѹֶ£ɽ糱
ʱǧĽ׻ȳ棬ȫŲһ٣ǰһ


701 ֮ս
ǹ
һٽǧĽ׻ȳס׵һ״һɰѪֱӻûɼʸ䣬ԡ
˸ֱָȣ
ণ
ܵڽĿֲѹһӰһΣƾʧ١
ӣûôף
Цһ׾Ȼ΢΢˫ָһɣʱһƿϯɫΪ⣬ֱ˷ϯȥ

ʱ֮ɰǧĽ׻ȳҺһӸ߿׹һغ
ڵȣȴǲӰ
ҵҪܹ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
˵ȵϢ߶ʸƿշ䣬ֱȵϢȥ
ȻӰȥ٣Ҳû
ণ
ڣڰʸı֮£¶Ρ

ֻһıȫֵֵʸ׾㵵ǣȾȻƾ˫ͽеļʸȫֵ
ʲô⵶ȣȻֵҵļʸˣ
Ŀࡣ
Ҫ֪׵ıǹǽĹԲѰʥܹġ
˭룬Ȼֵֵˡ
ãҵıǹܶԵЧɱˣ⵶ȵĸսڶ֮ϣ
һٳɣΪһ⣬ֱݿնȥ
£ȵսԶԶ׵ټսȥһΧȦ׾ֻ־ܵķݡ
ԣֻʮΪϼƣȽȺ˵
ণ
˻һʱǧֻ׻ȳ棬Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬ҲƵؾ£һ𣬷س׷ɱȥ
ɱ
ɱ
һʩչӡȫӣһ߲ϵɱ˳Ⱥ
ÿһ֦ܹɱʮֻ׻ȳ棬ϧ׻ȳǧ׸ɱ
ӭȼѪɶݣƴȺľ롣
컯ɾеʼԴǵһ౶ȼѪɶݣǷǳϿĿ飡
һҧȫȼѪͬһ񷡣
ת֮䣬ʱȥˡ
״һʵɽۣ֮ĿϢء
ҵѾ޷֧ȼѪɶˣ£Ψзһˡ
˫Ѫѽѣ˫ۼⲻͣؾβţеıǹǧ֮أʱҪ׹䡣
ণ
߿Уһ׶ߵĵȣȫɢŰɫĿ磬ضס
ײʱȲδռϷ磬״ȵҲ׳֡
ǧĽ׻ȳ棬ȫӵȵĺԣһ£Ľ׻ȳƹһɫ磬ֱϯ
ȣ
װͦ˫ֵʹȫѪĵ糱ɽ嶼Ϊ֮ĵ
ձЩĵĳƣŽĴطжôÿֲ
ЦһڵѪƾһк۳һƬ󣬳ⷽԲǧɵĿռ䡣
𡭡
һ̣ԲǧɵĽɫѪû׻ȸĴޣնͨ쳹ء
ʱǧĽ׻ȳ棬׷׵ɶ𣬿ͷĿУһĨ֮ɫ
ɽۣ֮״ֶĿɢһϵش׵ʧ
ףȻΪ뵶ɱϧȼԪ͸֧
ºڷߣɽۣһ֮սĻ

ͬʱ֮С
һƬš
֡ҹϷҲˣҲˣƽ
̱ڵصļ㱣˻һ
ƽ˾ûв´һֽȺˡ

Ϸ붫ҹ׷׵ͷǡ
ֵǣֵǹƥǧĳȺಫƾһ׶༪١ΪֵܣԲɥȪ
ɤ˻ƣһ̼
ǣˣ׼̤Ѩһ
ϷüͷңǵսҲﲻʲôæ
ҹ̾һײ
Ѩ֮УٶһƬ֮Уš
λ
ٿأһֱĬļ͵̧ͷ˫֮һƬɢҫ۵Ĺâ˵ĶԣǲȺѾȫڰԮ˵һ
δ䣬Ϸȫǰһ
ҹ΢˼Ƭ̣Ҳͷ
£һļϣ׷𣬳ѨֱԶϯȥ
ҿ׻ȳϯĵطһƬߣݲ˸Ѵܹ֮ѭźۼһ·׷ȥ
¡¡
ǳĺڼĴ߶£һ㣬ҹգΪעĿ


702 Ңʥ
¡¡¡¡
һƽըףīҹ֮£ǳ·ʯһ㻮ҹա
ǳڲϷ֡ҹˣ׷׼ԵıɫϾҽ
Σ֮УʱпɥȪȥˣʬĻᶼС
֣һҪסֽеĹǽ乶䡣
Ըܹʱϵ
ҹһϾ֮ɫ
ǳΪһ⣬ٷС
ҹĻ֮£ľ죬ɽһ׸ߵĲ޷ϣһܵػɢĿĹԣڲȻΧŽͳһεʿ
Ңʥӡ
һۣؿͼͷһ̣첽һ࿡ʣЦаȻǰ⼸죬ǵջ񲻶ֻܹ࣬նٶʮöˡУƷߵľˣ۱̻ǣһһʮöʣµģһЩĵƷʾˡ
˵ţ̳ʸаꡣ
ߣ
˭룬ΪҢʥӵа꣬͵һֱ̧֣ӽ̸ڵأһööɢӨӨľˣ֮еɢһء
һЩҷЩȻնô㾧ˣǶҵ
а΢΢ĵۣĿ⣬ɨڳһʿܵаĿ⣬ʿǶ߶£ײ
ʥϢŭ
뷢԰׵ߣæڵأսսؽ͵ǳէûӦ컯ɾ⣬컯ɾеޣΪǿǿȣǲɱֲ֮ΪռˣѾֵܣҰ
ԣϷΪ֮£´ֵܱаȫһջڶԭ򡣡
뷢԰׵ͷ͵عڵأͷĵ죬ʥӣҪͷͳͷϷգ
а겻üͷһ΢΢¶һĨζЦ⣬£ΪǸһЯϳҾͲҶ㣡һ컯ɾ׽ɵҵΪ㸨ңʲôʱȨԴҷʩˣ
δ䣬а͵һ֣͵һһĽ⣬ֱߵͷ­ǰᴩѪ׷ɡ

뷢԰׵ƺһʱ̱ڵأ˫֮УأԳһĨŵɫ
ȫʱһƬţ
ÿһʽװʿȫɫҰףа֮гŨŨľη֮ɫ
Ҳˡ£ǸߵĺˣǣΪ²ֱӽնɱ
аһԣϣӣλҵĺľնս
ʥӺ
ʥӺ
ʱڳľʮʿ׷ڵأһӦŵ
ãã
սսһ꿡壬а껺ؽһһɳɫ봢ָ֮УλϣܹףҢޣ˲ɽҢյĶӣ磬ͬʱҲǲɽĺʥ֮һδǱңֻҪµһܹĺģԵˣܲ
ڳʮʿһڵأаѵҴ
ӣЩˣȥˣʹʹҵ͡аһӡ
ȫΪ֮һ
һʿеаչһЦһΣ꿡һԵνͬ۹ãܹɳһòɽĸ߲ҹĿ࿴ڻصɽ֮ƽ𶨻ЯңӵĻԼҲʮþȡ
ʱⲻҪЩº͵Ĺ
а΢΢һЦ
ڳľʮ꿡壬׷׹ڵأл
һ֫Ůɢڵصľ˼ַʿÿһʿڻ֮󣬾ǼȻּ̿
ҢһƿƣԹԵϸã۾Цųϻ̳Ͽֵ£Ŀ׽͸
ò˵Ң޵֮ǳ˵ã̶̵ʱڣɱӺ˾ʮ꿡壬ø̥꿡岻ġ
ִͣνһӸһ棬˩סڳʮʿġ
һڽʮ꿡壬ƱؽҢأľ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأҹ֮Уһҫ۵ĺϯ¡죬˲佫ɽʿĿ⣬ȫˡ
ţǺηʥȻ컯ɾҡײУ
Ңһ˫ĵۣ߿еǳ֮Щ졣
ʥӡ
ӵŮǰǷǷūûпӦǳ벽ʥķڻĹżҵļ֮ǰϺһսŽɲˣ壬ǳΪǼķԿڿഫν˲ʶ˲֪


703 ·
ҢüͷһĿ֮¶ŨŨĲм֮ɫңһΪǺηʥԭһȺHС
գҵҪ̣˵Ĺŵʣʲô֮
˵ţһ£ˣҽǳ
δ䣬жʮӰӶɣֱӽǳΧס
ǳڲ񡢶ҹ֡Ϸ˾Ȼһ
ģȻʮ𼱵ĹؿڣϮˣ
֡
ڵϦǾҪǧܽʱ䵢·ϣָһҧֱӳȥ
ûײﲻ۵ļһϷеĴʥɱڡ
ã
һȫ߶ǳֻ䡭һӴǳһɿ񱩵֮УֱǰĶʮʿײȥ


ʲôЩһȻҪǿдأ
ƴˣ˵ʲôҲҪ
ʮڲɽ꿡壬һҧгݣȫеʥͷŰһ
ʱǵصĵ⽣ӰӸ߿ϯ£׷׺ǳ֮ϣޱȳƵĽ
ǳһҡΣȻδʯһ㣬ֱӽʿײһ̲ࡣ
̼䣬һҺڲɽ꿡壬ƶ߷һ㣬ֱӸ߿ˤһغ
ͻһĻӾУʣĶʮ꿡壬ȫһ׷׽Ųһ٣ǵؾա
Ǻǳ׾ٵͻΧֱԶϯȥ
ȻɱҵˣѪծѪҢʥպк
쳤ХһҢʥ͵һе罣һɰʥϯֻһƿϯ̺ſֲʥĽƫеǳֶȥ
ûǧ۳һǳ޿ɱܡ
¡¡
ڣһıУǳҡҡ׹ڲļˣҲɫҰףѪ
ʥȻʩչʥҪǸ
ҪΧǲ̫ˣ
֡ϷҹһϾ֮ɫ
£˷׷ͳԵı׼ȫһս
ȣ
һУֱӽǳ봢ָ֮Уͬʱһӻͳһʥһһն
ϣ
Χ
ͬһʱ䣬Ңʥ˾ʮʿֱؽϷ֡ҹ˸Χˮйͨ
쿴Щһǲɽˣ
Ϸ񣬵һʱϳڳ˵
ʲôɽˣ
üͷһ壬΢΢ѹнʿһԭǲɽˡ
ߣⲻɽʵڼթɶ񣡾Ȼ䵱ڻң⣬ȫɢһ飬һܶԲɽγв
֣Ң޵˵Ŀ֮У֮ɫ
Ҳϳǵˡǲɽĵӡ岻ͬǣǲɽ컯ɾе꿡壬ǧ࣡
ҢЦһ߸ϵļƣ˵컯ɾ֮УɽǵһЩļһһȺϰˡ
δ䣬ϷҹˣȫϢһϣ𵴡
ɽǧࣿ
Ҫ֪꿡壬Ҳֻ򣬶ܹ˳ɹ׽٣컯ɾе˶˵ʮһ
һ㣬컯ɾ֮Уûвɽࡣ
ο꿡壬ȫһ飬ɢ޷ԲɽγЧв
ģһ̫ˣҲͷ
һҧҪǰҢǧУϷȻһæǰһס
ҹһ֣ǵǾԮ֡飬շ̣
ԣһ˦˦䣬ͷƫһԣҲҢޡ
Ϸڽɽһϻ֮ӡ
Ϸ΢΢һЦǰһҽܡ
·֣ʼԴǻĹŷҡָһԱߵĶҹ뼧񣬡λһλڻĹŶټңһλ򼧼ңǻĹҵ𡣡
ҹڳ΢΢һЦ
ڲɽһ꿡壬ȫ΢΢ɫ䣬֡Ϸ˵ĿУһ˿֮ɫ
˵ڳˣһһһһڻĹңصĽݹ壬ҲûʲôΪǰ
ţ
ֳܵһɧңҢ޲΢΢ĵۣЩһȻǷǣ컯ɾǲɽĵ̡ЩһﱳɽǿҲ޳Ī
ڳİ˾ʮʿʱƽࡣ
˵ˣܹĸһϾɱ֪µɱ֣
ٿأҢһ¶һĨЦ⡣


704 ޿
ҹǰһЦŹ֣֪γƺ
ߣҲ֪ҵţ
Ң޵Įһطһۡ
ҹϢһϡ
Ը𱬵ļϷҪǰȥҢ޾һս
Һ÷ۼֿ죬ס
λѣνʶ֮ǰһᡣֵϣܹǰӣ뿪պصʼԴǣǶᱸϺ񣬵Űݷã
Űݷã
Ң޲üͷһŭ
֣˹㣬˵ȴʮԴ֮䣬ȻźۼôҢޡ
˵֡Ϸ˵ıҢ޽շУպ滹˵ǲУһֵ˴컯ɾгȥôĹɽһǰɽҪһ˵
ʱ򣬲ɽĴΣˡ
ߣǷôĿ
ҢһЦĵгһߣΪǿĿɽܹҸߣգǳɱҵֵܣҾô׵طߣµֵܣҲӦ
˵ţҢһӡ
ʱ˾ʮ꿡壬һֳַϷҹ֡Χ㣬ˮйͨ
Ϣŭ
һڹɵԵӦĲԱеǸ⡣

Ң΢΢̣¶һĨζЦ⣬Ҫβ
ɤӣ뼧Ϸҹһڴһ¡
£ǰһǽЩնľˣȫóΪ
˵ţһӴָͳһѱľˡ
˰һ֮УƯ
ϷҹҲ׷ͳռľˣȻ֣Ҳ޿κεؽ˸˳
ܹİöˣѻһ𣬱磬貶Ŀ
ৡ
ʱɽİ˾ʮʿҢڣȫһ˼Ŷѻɽľˡ
ܹİöˣһɫ۱̻ǣƷʺܸߡ
ĸһ̶̼յջ񣬱ǽʿҪ࣡
ǽʿ֣߲ݣռٶöˣоƷʣȽϵͣûĸһᲢۣ
ΪĹҵһ־Ͳͬ죡
ɽ꿡壬һп۷׷ס
ߣһЩþˣңԹһʹ
˭룬Ң޾һƣҲѻɽľˣΪ٬
ģ˸ƴˣ˶ô˭ʤ˭һأ
ҧгݣ
ûһﲻʶ̧٣Ҳټ̸ˣϷԸ𱬣Ѱ಻סˡ
Ī³ç
ҹæȰ輧Ϸһǲɽһ𣬵λ磬ƴ֣еʥͲͬ졣ɽ˶ڣܱܾͱܣ
Ϸ޺޵ҧҪΪ˸ʱ䣬Ԯ֣ҲŲһĥߴأ
ģӾȳϴһҪɱⲻɽɱ⣡
񰵰ݡ
֪ѣкν飿
ЦҢޡ
ҢһЦָһǳǳô벽ʥķۣԵֵܵһ
ĹǽӦҲһ벽ʥͬԵֵܵһҢָһ·Ĺǽ
еƷʲһ벽ʥҲԵֵܵһ
ҢָŶҹеĸ
δ䣬Ϸҹ֡ɫһ䡣
ӺôĿȻҪǸԵıȫã쿪
ҽС
ҹ֣Ҳֱ£һɱȻ
ҵĺޣǸϽĻһɲˣ
һķ֡ϷˣҢ޵ĮһЦе罣һ㣬ҪѪҺ
ͬʱڳİ˾ʮڲɽ꿡壬Ҳ׷׻еķɱ
ģҿֲڣҪȻҪֵĽǹռΪˣ
Ϸ֡
ʲôǹ
Ң޲ǰһ۲ת
龳ĸ֣Ҫߣۺ첻ѡ
ܹǹռΪУҢȻƴǡ
ҽȫ²˱̱ƹȻܹ֪̽Žȥ򣬵ʱΪնŽȦ֮Уʮþȣ
ӹһתҢ޶ʱ˼ı
£͵һ罣һɰʥֶ£Ƴɽһ㣬ѹϷ֡ҹ˵ͷ


705 ߸迶
Ŵİѹ֮ǰһºЦķ֣ŭһһŹǽǰȥһͷޣҪҢ޸˺Ƭ
ﬡ
տɫĹǽɢɺ⣬ԲǧɵĿռ䣬˲Ϊ֮һ¶Ȼ½ࡣ

ЦһҢ͵һֱӴ߶ʥ罣ӭǰȥ
ϣϣϣϣ
̼䣬콣Ӱϯ䣬ʥѹ£ܿвҺһһΣһֻߵķݣӸ߿е
֮ϣһǵ˿ڱ鲼ϣеտɫǽҲӦֶɣѪŽĿġ
֣
֣
Ϸҹ׷׼
ͬʱϷȫеĴʥʮɽ꿡ɱһţХѪ죬ֳһƬҡ
ɲ壬ƾųһʣʮɽ꿡ɱǲ·硣
ϷƾҲɱɫ
ڶҹȺ֮䣬ûٿظ£Ʋӥãһӣеĸϯֱӽֵ廨һ׹µ壬·ɵ˶ҹǰ
ҢƾʥΪһɱҸĶ֣
ֿѪЩƣߡ
֣ȥǳϢڣһܹ˳Χģҹһףֱӱ׷ǳ֮С

ʱ԰ټƵĽӰƿնҪնɱȫ벽ʥǳֵ
ǳתһĺ죬ǧսνͭǽڣˮ֡
Уֳ罣Ңޣնһһɰʱϯֱӽ벽ʥĹǽС
ĦŹǽıУҢ޵˫΢΢
ǽǰ벽ʥ񣬳ΪҵսƷ
вͣ𵴣ͼֶɵĹǽҢһƣٿ罣°ѹ
ʥɢĿֲѹرɫ޹⣬޳ѹһ벽ʥĹǽȻ׾ٵ顣
ɱҽĸɱ⣡
ֻҪĸһɱˣǵıȻΪ֮ʱױܹѪռΪС
Ңֳ罣һһ㣬նſսϷ񡢶ҹˡ
ֵǣսȥҪ˶ãǾͽ߶뾡ıս
Ϸȫ߶ȫԡѪƻ֮ʮɽ꿡ս
νֻҪס죬Ƶָտɴ
״ʩչһһ㣬Ⱥ֮С֮Ѫ׷ɣʬɭɭ

ҹŭȣֻһʥȫֵŶʮ꿡Ĺƣ͵һӣӻͳһһףֱҢֶȥ
ʲôҪ廨󣿡
תۻûһ޵ĸֳ罣Ң޲Цһ͵һеʥʱһɰʥϯʥɣ磬ڲ˯Ŀֲ飬һֲֻɫצ罣֮ϯ
ৡ
ͻıʣڳһʿȫһ٣һ
߿Уʥֶ飬ûһֻɽӴצֱۣͨɫƣ̺ſֲʥ

ɽצ͵һץʱ޵ץС
ãҵĸ
ҹɫһ䣬ҡ
໡
ɽצֱһһڰʥѹ£ð벽ʥĸʱָԭΣӴɫצץУ޷ѡ
ѹһ벽ʥ
߿УնҢͷЦҪˣֵǣٽĸ⽴³֮ͣ
ת֮䣬ֵĹǽ붫ҹĸȫҢ޸ѹơɥʧ˰벽ʥķ붫ҹͺʧȥצϻΪ塣
ʱ˾ʮ꿡壬һ״һǰҪϷ񡢶ҹ˺ɲƬ
ĪǣҪҰˣϷƴɱĵһɱ֮顣
ûлԮˣϧû֮ǰٺһƣ
ҹΧȦ֮Уˣ֮£ȼȫѪʼ
ХҹϷˣһԡѪս죬֮ʣʮ̹Ȼҹ˸裬ϷЦЦŵ
˿̣ΣڵϦ֮ʵķ֡ҹϷ˵£еźǣû֮ǰֵ׼һ档
ֵܣ͸иͬͬͬѣ
֮ǰΪ˸ֵıȡһϧңԼն
ֵܣȴҪԮʱʱ֣׹ͬѣвʡ


706 
ͬʱһɽ֮ϣ飬ˣϯҡΣƷˣֺƷ«έʱͷһغ
Ȼ׵֮Уȴ˸һĨ⣬ᶨ
ε˫ۣᶨңһڽİƣɿϯ
ǧĽ׻ȳ棬·ɣţ޲ǰȥʳ븹
Ȼͷ޻ѹ֮£һ˱ᣬǰһ
ȫɢŰɫĵȣ΢΢˫ͫĮضףϵʳţÿռĵ˻
󻯼һ죡
ڣ׻ʱ߿е׻ȸͷ޵Ļ󣬷ɿû۳һ֧ĹǶǹĹ֮ϡ
ʱеĹ֮ϣ֧ÿһ֧һͷûɣͨ쳹أɽӱʧɫ·һǧ綼ҪΪ֮
ণ
ܵвĵȣʱ·ɣһּĳ裬ʱռ䲨ϯ
ڵȵٻ֮£ǧĽ׻ȳ棬ûͷӬһ㣬ȫɥʧǣһгѪҲƵ׷˶ȥ
ǧ׻ȳ棬ȫ񻯣糱һӿס
Ž壬ձҲҪһȺ汳ģ
ЦǧĽ׻ȳ棬̼㽫䳹ûֵ˺׵Ѫ⣬׵
ȻȻٷеעȫ۽еĸ֮ϣ
޻۶ɵԶ񷣬컻գ
ڽһԴ˫ۣþȫһᶨеĹҡ
ǹǿ죬Զɽʯռ𵴡
ת֮䣬׵壬Ȼ׻ȳ̳Եֻʣ˫ۣԼһԴ
һ̣еĽ׻ȳ棬ȫ׵ͷ­Ҫ׽һС
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵ؽеĹһ£ָһɣĸʱϯ
𡭡
ড
ˡ
໡
ʱ׻ȸϯǧɵĿռ䣬ӦѣǧƵĽ׻ȳ棬˲䱬飬׷䡣
ণ
Ȼһ͵һΣƾʧ١
Уͷ޻ûɵƳգЯŻصĿֲƣ˺գ֮ɽӻ±ɫ
˵κһʥ䣡
ণ
ܿ죬գ˷һҪȸһɱ
ȲҺһһھѪûǧÿһϢһ£ѱ١
ǵȵıط̼䣬ûǧÿһڣ̺һξѪֻҪһ𣬾ܹҴ

һķҪö࣬ת֮䣬ǧķͱһݻ٣Ϊҽ䡣
ɹˡ
һ̱ڵأǿ޸ţҲûһ˿ͷʹȥ
ţ˿Ƕȥؿ׵ǣһĨοЦ⣡
ǧĽ׻ȳ棬Ӵܣ֮£һҾ׷֮زز
ণণ
߿Уǧķϯ֮£һ㣬һת֮䣬͸˴룬ϰٸӴܣһ˿
𡭡
ˡ
ড
໡
ϧط䣬ԲǧɵĿռ䣬𵴣һʱɽѣҡػΣûеȵĲ֮
֮£һɫӰֱס
̱ڵصףϢ٣ڵһ˿Ʒвһ㣬ʱпϨ
ণ
һ̣˾㵵鷢ˡȵһȻ׵ԴڵһξѪ׵֮ϣͬʱ·裬һֹ赸
Ƭ̼䣬һصķ׭׵Դ֮𣬽Ӳӣ硣
ǻĹмʶϹŶڳᾪط֣⵶ȵķȻһԼҪΪ׵ĳ
ԼƽԼͬһָϿԼʽ
ǩԼ֮󣬳ｫΪ˵ūһ˵־ΪһΥԸһ֮䣬ͻҷ
񣬵ȵһȻΪѰ±ȻǩԼ
ףΪѾȻԣҲûа취ܾ
ܿ죬һصķ׭ӡ׵Ժ֮Уͬʱһö׭˵ȵ֮Уһ˲ʧ٣


707 Լ
ͣͣͣͣ
֮䣬ɽӱ±ɫת֮䣬ͽеķһٻ
Ψֻһ
ƿն׷򵶷ȵһ̺׵һĨ־ΣҪȸɱ
ǣ˶һȻǩԼһУѪͨ׺϶Ϊһ

ʱӦ飬ƾʧ١
ǹžһ׵ԣ磬ҹĻ֮иҫۡ
ণ
ȻһΪǩԼҴҲϢ٣ſ׵֮ϣ˯ȥ

ͬʱĽ׻ȳΧ£뵶ȵΧһſұϣػ׵İΣҹĻ֮£ɽˢһᣬȥӲӣΪĿ
պһ΢΢˫оƳ˯һԪȫ¾档
ô
ҡһԴܣȻԼ˯һɽ֮ϣΧľɫ֮ǰʹȥľɫһģһ
ûҲǵ
΢΢һЩԼ۾һԾϲЦտһ֮ǰ׽ȸɱˣҲ˰ȵ˯ѡ
һˣ׵ϵıǹ봢ָ֮С
ǹǽζܶ
ড
ٿأһϤĤ΢΢һ
תͷȥײһǰģȻһֻһ׶೤ȫɫĵȣ
ȣȻû
׺ݺݵһĭܵҪ߶Ѫɱ
ϧȫȻӳ˯棬ռеѿݽߣڵľѪҲδܼʱԭ
µףʵ»򲻹һͷ۱̻ǡ
ড
״ӳ˯Ե÷˷ܣԴǵز׵š
ľٶ̲סëȻ
⡭⾿ôһ£
׺ݺݵһĭ
ٿأһӿ׵Ժ֮Уһ̣ɫһĿ࣬ģûգ⵶ȾȻǩԼӽ󣬽ҵĳ
ǩԼ֮֮Ϭֻһܹ֮йͨ
£ƺܵе󣬵ľһһʮؽ
֮Ūԭί־ϲ
û뵽֮£ȾȻΪҵĳ
һЦ򵶷ȵĿȻһ˿У⵶ȣѪգҪָܹ۷״̬Կ߰ʥߡڣŽѪ£պɱΪʥҲǲܵ顣
һ٣׵һڴؿ򵶷ȣȣȻΪҵĳôɽҰĽ׻ȳ棬ҵָô
ȱʵΪڣǻڵõ֮࣬õȵĳȺǶ˵֮ϲ
ȵ˵ͷһһԺ
ɫһϲͷЦãðû뵽֮õ˵ôһǿĳңԵõɽҰĳȺ
ǧĽ׻ȳΪ֣컯ɾдпΪ
˷ܵػһȭͷ
׻ȳ棬Ȼףǣȴڵȵָ񣬵ǩԼֻһ£Ⱦͻ˳ѭ׵ָٿسȺ
һǧĽ׻ȳ棬Ǳ׸ٿˡ
νѲк󸣡ϻԵһҪֵǸմմ⡣
һ뵽֡Ϸˣæȫء
ণ
طɣ׵Ľ׻ȳڿնγһɫƶ䣬ӿ糱
һ͸еƣ۲һ£ý׻ȳһɫƶ䣬˲ϣӻͳһö鵤븹УأԿʼϢ
ণণ
ܵе鵤˱ҩ㣬Ȳٵػһ˫ɫͫضе鵤
ԣҶǣ
׺ģһУֱӴӴָͳöָ״С鵤˵ȡ
Եȵǿȣһ̷ö鵤ҩٶ࣬ױ߻ħ
ֵ֪ôˣЩȲ
֮³һִӻͳһƣ˲ڳ֮ϣغȾơ;ֵܡ


708 
սҹ֡Ϸҹˣȫľһ˿Ȼڵء
˵ıȫǿжߣһˣܾ裬
ţɽ䣬ʮɽ꿡ؽϷΧһȦгŨŨɱ⡣
һսɽʧ˽ʮ꿡壬ȫϷ֡ҹ֮֡
û뵽ĸ飬ȻǿӲ֧ҹɱҽʮ£Ҷˣ
ҢҧгݣԹ
һֳ罣Ң޴͵һŲ̤ϷϣǲһֻϣСӣ֮ǰƾɱҲôôһһˣ
Ϸҧȫһ᲻أһԡ
㡣
Ңɫ͵һ̤ڼϣֻһĹعӦѣɲ壬ʳ׿ɱҲ࣬ôΪ²ˣ
֡˿߷ֵʲôӢۺܣҲЦ
ʲô
ҢһЦĵгһߣãھͺ㵥
˵ţԪӿע˫֮У͵ز̤ڼĽ֮ϣֻһ̶ĹƱƶž죬ҢɥĲؽȫµĹһһز顣
໡۵شɱУԪľȻΪ׸⡣
ֵܣ
ֵܣϷ֡ҹˣһɥܾĥļҵس鴤š
˵еɲ壬Ҳڽ£裡
ҢЦż໲ҽһڽǣԼӦѣȫµÿһϸ鲻ԽػʲôĹңʲôɽһҢǰȫңȫֵһᣡ
ʥ䣡
ʥ䣡
ʮڲɽ꿡壬һȭͷܵػš
ɱǣҲõˡ
ٿأĤ

Ң˫һʱһŲڼԴϣ񱩵ӿ糱ֻҪ£ͷ­̾ͻᱬըΪĲƬ
˵Žںδ̲ȱɲԴ
ҢаȻĮһЦ
ʱ֡Ϸҹһ
֣ǧֵȥҾҲԼֵܡ
һ̼ҪԱ
ϧȫľʥѹ֮£ãɱ
ס֣
ִǵɱҵֵܣôԶý
֣˹һ̩ɽںḛֵ̈ܣڤҲİ
ҹȰ֡
֣Ȼ֪ҪǸҳҲŹ㣡Ϸ
ֵΪ˶ҹϷǿҲҪѵơ
λֵܣ𼱣
ֵӦôԲҪ͵ǡǡ෴ôҪɽˣᣡ
ҹϷ˾΢΢һ㶡
ⲻɽʿ˶࣬ҪɱҪУǣһ׻ȳĳȺҲֻ·һ
ֳֻҪЩһ׻ȳİΧȦʱЩȻһ
֡΢΢̾ϢѾȥҹǾ̸ϵҲΪʱΨּˣ
н֣δؾͲӳ죡Ϸʮּᶨ
ûŽ壬һܹ˳
ҹ
ڣҪģòɽ֣ᣡӹһĨ
ҹϷ΢Ƭ̣ڲٷ
ôҪףֻҪòɽ飬ˡ
Сӣкּۻ۵ʱô
ʱҢ޿ĻУԹԽŽȥ֪ң󷢴ȱһȫʬ
Цһ߳жصĺӣηǿȨҪɱҪУϤ㣡ǣҸĿڣ޿ܣ
Ĭ˫Ҳһԡ
㡭
Ң޲ϢһϣʱЩ޲
ҹսУҢȻ˷֡Ϸ˵Ƣԣǣĺܡ
Ҫƣвͨ
֮£Ңֻ֣һЦСӣȥŽ壬Ҷȡ˽֮󣬱һ·Ĺǽ㣬Σ
أһԲ
ҿѪģڣ
ҢвʣŷĲ


709 ·
ʡա
΢΢ۣҡͷһЦֵܣ˭Ҳ̰֮Ϊһ֮˽ֵ塣֮ҪŽȥֻǾʵŽĶ֣ʱǵ޷ȡǹ㲻ãᶪ
δ䣬Ң޲ϢһϣɫҰֽ
ʲôҲŽĶ֣
ҢһЦͷЦĸһǷ֮ҪôڻĹңҪôڽһе̳ǣ񻹲ǱҲڽ£һ֮䣬ж
Ž壬Ҳͬ
Ңһ
ޣҲ͸ǰŽǰһ
ϷЦ
ҿҲֻܳϹ򣬸Ž鷳
ҹҡҡͷһ֮ɫ
ǡ
ҢѪӿףããǾ͸Ҵ·ҵҪƣŽǷͷۣ
ԣ֡Ϸҹˣɫһϲ
ʥӡ
һ֫ŮǰһȰ˵Щһ϶üȦףĪмƣ
֡ϷˣһһҵŮ
ӣˡ
˭룬Ң΢Ƭ̣ҡͷһЦĸһѾ죬Ʋʲô˻˵ˣֳһ飬컯ɾŽ壬޷ڶ̶̵ʱڣۼһ
ֻҪŽûа֣ôұ׾ٵؽɱȡ
ҢзŹ⣬һ뵽ƲסؼȰ档
ΪɽһҢδһƬ˷˳ȡһڲɽеĵλһɳ죡
ǡִȰ裬ȴֱӱҢ޻ִϣѾض˵ϳͲ
ҧҧ촽ڲ
ˣ˸ҿˣڣǱȥŽ鷳Ң޴һӣжʮ꿡첽ǰ֡Ϸ񡢶ҹ廨ʥסͷ­
СӣٸҴ·ҵҪ˵еŽǷͷۣ
Ң޺죬ͷشߴ
΢΢һЦͷ·вźۼӹһĨ֮ɫ

ͬʱһյĽɫƶ֮ϣ׳غžˮĿϣԶգЩȲҪֵܡ
⼸ֵǷ񰲺ã
һƣһЦҪ֪ҽ˵ȣ϶һգ
໡
ʱһƬïܵĹľУһȺȺ۱̻ǲ̵ֻӴţʲͣ
ף۱̻ǣ
ĿһһЦȣ̽Ⱥ۱̻ҧʳҪԿ⣬ֵף
ণ
Ȼ⣬һʱǵصĳȺӿ£ֱŶʮͷ۱̻ϯȥ
ʮͷ۱̻ǣȻӵŰ벽ԪΪǵصĳȺֻԴеķݡ
Ƭ̣ʮͷ۱̻ǣȫʬҰһغ
״ͳһʥ۱̻ǵԴڳһööľˣֵúϲ£졣
ǧֻ׻ȳΪ֣Ƭ컯ɾУܹøԵ
ҡͷһЦ
Ȼ˵Ž壬ĥǳҪ򲻿ɹ
ǣ컯ɾУÿһʿֶ룬Եûжľ
ᱦһڶ
˵֮ᱦ﷽棬Ҫķ̫
һױ㽫ʮͷ۱̻ǵ˳ȼ𣬿ʼ濾
۱̻ǵĲкɽ׻ȳʳ
׸е㵵ǣ۱̻ǵѪʮּӲڽ׻ȳĿ֮£̼ͱʳһա
ȣȺɨһƬɽеޣס˸ɴá
´һ
һƬɽ֮Уڶܹ࣬ջپˡ
£ȴһȺ׻ȳ棬ʼɨƬɽȣһʱ䣬޷ɱݾһƬӻҡ
ԼĪһʱ䣬׿⣬һҲûжԣӶ𣬴ٻȣȲҪֵܷʳ
ݣ
ܿ죬Ӱӣֱ׵ǰһ̣׾㵵鷢ˡڵȵצ֮Уһһ˶ߵƤ˿Ƥ֮йĹң磬˸ɫľˡ
ʲôЩ޾ˣ
ŹĹҵƤЩԼ۾һƤ֮УҲö޾ˣһʲô


710 
̶һյʱڣ׾նöˣǴգ
ǵ͹˳Ⱥ˵ȣռ޾ˣԷ¸ˣ
ϲԽĦһööȭͷСľˣԽ֡Ӿһöһף˵ȣΪ
Ȼһͽľ˸븹Уɵۡ
⵶ȵǼͣȻܹ̾ˣ
׿Цã⵶ȱŽ嵹ѷɫˡҾرܹѹƵˡ
һˣһȻʼ򣬵׼õټȺ·
ڴʱԶ֮УһӴ¯ӶѸף¡¡졣
ǳ
̧ͷһɫϲɣҪֵأû뵽ڰ·ˣ
ŹĹҵƤֱǳӶȥвŷ֡Ϸ˵֡
ǳУҹϷ֡ˣȫ廨ʥͷ­ϣ춯ʥͻǵԴ
ʥӣ˳Ƿˣ
ٿأӾһָԶһӰ
ৡ
ʱǳеһ˵ȣ׷ѭȥ
ʲô֣
һӦɴʧɫ֣û
ϷҲһϲ񣬡̫ˣҾ˵ּ࣬Բģ
ҹ֣ҲӶЦлϲ
һ̣־ɫһ䣬ɤ˻Ƶ⣬Ǳɽٳ֣óȻⲻ⣡
δ䣬ϷҹˣϢһϣҡ
ԭֵˣ뽫ɽ׻ȳİΧȦͬھ˭룬·ϾȻס
ǣ׾ȻһɽҢ޽Ѵ֮Χɱס
ˣҺ֡Ŀ¶ȻѪᷭ¡
û뵽ǷǵûмʱԮ֣֡
ϷҹһΣ޲л
ƺŽ壬̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
׵ĴҢ޺ܿж׵ݣһһɰֱӽǳеһ˸˳
ʱʮӰƾճ׵ǰһֳַգۼ佫Χ£
ô£
ȻһĿһɡ
ֵܡ
Юֵķ֡ҹϷˣһһŭ
֣
֣֡Ϸҹˣһкᣬһεףֵǣʵ㣬ϧ
Ϯ׺˿٣˫磬ȫӿһɿ񱩵ĽɫѪ糱
ǺˣΪζֵʹɱ֣ΰɱ
СӣŽôһ
ϯƣҢЩмһˣȻǰһף˲ɽʥҢޣĸֵܣģ
оһɽʼؽָ壬ʵΪڻҡ
űˣϢٵķ֡Ϸˣ׽ȭͷֱ죬ûв´컯ɾУǲɽӦΪ˶ڣô
ŭѵףҢްȻһЦ÷ǲɽܹǧˡ꿡壬ҽ컯ɾҲûǲɽ࣬ǲ࣡
ЦһһͷŭʨӣҢ޵Ŀͺһʬϧ˺ҵֵܣʹ۲ɽô˶ڣŽ嶼Ὣɱ⣬һ
ڳʮɽӣȫͷЦһЦ
׾ȻҪǹƥɱⲻɽǧˣ
ֱݺЦ
Ž壬ôĿȻһڣҪ¾ɽҿ㻹ȽڳĲɽɱ˵ա
ĮһЦҢ޲˷ֵǰ˦һƣžֱ졣
ס֡гѪ
֣ңӣִ
žһһ£÷Ƥ˿
û֣ӣֵǲ㣡
ϷҲ
ֵܣⱲѾ֪ˣ˻
ҡͷ
ҾԲᶪǲܡ
ҧҧǰһҢޣֻҪҵֵܣʲô㾡ᣬֻҪܹģһɡ
δ䣬Ң޵ͷһЦҵȵľ仰ʵ˵ҿ˽ǹֻҪĨȥѪ֮񣬽ǹ׸ңұ̷ֵܡ
Ң޿żɽֱ˵⡣
ײɫһ䡣
ǹã
ǹýܹ׹ã
ңԲɽ磬׽ǹ׸ҢޣҲһ
£׵ĮһЦйĹҵƤҢޣҽã޿ܡǣöˣҽյսƷԸ⣬̱͸㡣
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿͶ˹ĹҵƤ֮ϣƤ֮жѻĸɫˣȫһ
Ž壬δҲ̫ţˡȻǹƥɻö޾ˣ
ܣǲɽϰ֣켸ҹ߲ݣҲնٶöˣŽôһ֮ڣն˶ľˣ
´Ҳģ
ɽĵӣȫɵۡ
ҢҲɫ΢䣬һĭҲƴǣһֱӽöˣȫ봢ָ֮С
ϣһĨζЦ⣬Ž壬㲻Ҫսҵġ˵ˣҪǽǹһ޾ˣҷֵܣЩ쿪ˣ
Ϣһϡ
֡ϷҹˣҲһҧгݵ֣ϧ˿塣
֣ĹӣȰ
žһһ˼ϡ
һˣϢٵֵܣ˫죬֮¶һĨ֮ɫãã
һôֵֵһᣡ
Ϯ죬һɳڶ𣬡ֻҪѪģҵֵܣ̾ͽ׸㣬޶


711 
Ң޲ɫһϲ
ʹ죡Ϊһָ𣬹Ȼˣ
Ң޼ɣֱҧ⣬һѪʼѪģֻҪ׹ԹԽǹ׸ôҢޱŷ֡Ϸһ·
ܿ죬ҢѪģһЦⰻȻףȴ׶ŵԡ
׵һЦһֱӽǹٻ˳ֻһıǹһΣɢһעĿĲӲӱ⡣
ʱɽһʿȫĿһŽǹһĿ¶֮ɫ
ýǹ壬龳֣Ѳѡ׾ȻãԹԣòɽĵӣǰ塣
֣ǧɵ°
ֵ֣ãЩɽ֣ԲŹǵģ
֣Ϊֵ岻ѡΪǣýãֵð
֡Ϸҹһ˿Ȱ˵š
ĿᶨɫȻƺûнǹһ£ģзִ硣
˵ţҢ޲ͷشߴ֮£͵һ䣬һɰʱǹ֮УֱӽѪ֮Ĩ
ϣ
̼䣬ǹһ֮ԴӸ߿׹С
ڱǹѾΪ֮ԵѪռΪСڴ֮ǰȽҵֵܷˣ
׻һеıǹ
Ŀ⾼Ңޣһһӣĸˣû뵽ҽ˳һصɽܵЯݵλҲһɳ졣
һˣҢ޵ʱȲش˫֣ϲЦտ
ɽ꿡壬Ң޵֮£ʱ֡Ϸҹɰһƣĸ˷²ƶߵķݣֱֱشӸ߿
ֵܣ
ֵܣ
һӣʱһɰϯֱӽϷ˸ա
ҸǹעһЩ
ƷɣֱӽڵϷֵ˵ڣڽѪķ£һϢķ֡Ϸˣ³һתһȫ˿ڸ޸ȫ
֣л
֣һγԮĻֵˣɥȪˣ
ҹϷǰһһס
װ˰֣һЦԣֵܣȽᣬͬʹ࣬ͬ۹á
һȽᣬͬʹ࣡
ҢĮһЦ֣Ž壬ҾһӣѾŵԣٽǹ׸ҡ
һƣһףеıǹʱΪһ⣬Ңޡ
Ңۼֿ죬͵һֱ֣ӽǹУĦűǹӾµĹʴоҢ޲ͷЦȲؽҧ⣬³һƾѪҪѪǹռΪС
֣˵ز˾뿪
ؿһҢޣߴٵ
ҢѪģӦŷ֡Ϸҹһ·ǣû˵³棬Ҫ˵
컯ɾУɽǧˣҢֻһȥܹ̾÷֡Ϸ컯ɾд粽УΧɱ
뿪ΪʲôҪ뿪
һЦⲻɽ֣Ŀթ񶾣ɱ⣬Թ
˵ţһζŲɽһʿ˫֮аȻһȺ׵ĸ
ɽʮ꿡壬ȫûɵشһ
ߣҪ뿪δЩ쿪ˣ
ֱֳǹҢޣЦһЦҴһʼʹûҪ뿪
Ңĵ΢΢¶һĨ֮ɫȻѪģҪһ·ǣҵ£ȻԳɱǣسͽ䣬գһҲӲˣ
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫɫ䣬࿩һ
֣Ȼҳ㻹ǲɽʥӣҲЦ
Ϸ첱Ӵֵ
Ц
ҢҡͷһЦ˭ȭͷ˭ֻҪҽȫɱ⣬˭Ҳ֪飬ҳ֮ڲɽнһеĶӵĽǣֻҵ̤ʯˣ
ôһҢޣǿһС󣬡ƾҲǹ
飡
һ̣Ŀ鷢ˡҢ޵ľѪһǹУһɿ񱩵ƣʱӽ֮ϯ͵ؽҢ޸˳ȥ


712 ආ
۵һҢͷһѪɫҰֽȻǱýİƣøεѣˡ
ʲôǹѾһ֮Ϊȴܹ
ǵѪҢоʧ롣
׵ĮһЦһͬҢޣÿһԣý飬뽵һҪõϿɡ츳ǣȻõ׼ʣΪˡȻˣҲñѹֻҪܹսʤе飬ȻܹǿеѪ
δ䣬ɽʮӣȫһĹŹ֮ɫ
ڷ֡ϷҹˣЦǰϣҢ޵ĿʮֵĻ
Ң޷Ѿƭȡǹ˭룬շǵû˳ѪռΪСңǹе飬˳ȥ
ش
ŽܹĽòɽʥӣȻУ
Ң״񣬸еǿҵУʱһҧ͵ؼ罣ͷųһɽ糱İ
ʥİƣѹڳȫϢһϣϢܡ
䡭
˭룬ûҢ޿ǹڲǴһһɿֲٱƣֱӴӱǹڲӿÿ𵴣˻±ɫӶ
¡¡
Ңֳ罣⧲֮£ǱֱƷ˳ȥеʥ罣Ҳֶɡ
ʲôʩչʥȻѹǹ
ҢԪɢɫ԰ֽأЩѵòɽʥӣ޸ܴ˵еĽ
ҢϺһҧøֱ졣
ŽܹĽҢ𱰣һĿȻ޴ĴҢ޴档
ߣҪͲε־ȴͼǲݰһ
ҡͷһЦһмбһҢޡ

ٿأǹâ㣬ֱ׵ǰ׵ƣһǵģƺµѪ
ǹĪǻΪı־һ
ϷҹҲɵۡ
ǹ֮жѪ֮ҲȲѡȻ̣ȻԸΪҵıôҾָѪϵ
£ҧ⣬³һﴮıѪɫѪǹ֮Уһʱ䱦磬Ƴ죬ԲǧɵĿռ䶼ľۡ
ˣ
׻һеıǹ֮ϣһĨЦ⡣
֣ģ׾پͶ˽治ΪŽ壡
쿴ҢǸǸո̳һ繷ʺҪѿжѿ
ҢԲռǵıҲˣȻ⣬ֿԣشȫӦ
֡Ϸҹˣһ㵸ЦⰻȻ
һŽ壬ҵҪƾһ֮ʮɽӿ⣡
Ңŭɶһӣӵϼ罣ֱΧ˶
ã
⣡֡Ϸҹˣɫ䡣
񣬷֡ϷȫɥʧսΨ׿սҪƾһ֮ɱʮɽ꿡壬ȻЩ롣
֣ɽڲûգӣ
ִ
ϷҹҲ׷״ߴ
˭룬׾Ǿƾɽʮ꿡壬ԼΧ£أͦǹϯ˿٣졣
ΪʲôҪӣ
׵ĿǳȷϣǵıȫⲻɽСָռˣ⣬ӿе罣ҲҪ档
δ䣬ɽʮ꿡壬ȫһǿɵһס
ףǹƥʮ꿡ΧˣȻ޾ɫҪɱⲻɽӣȡҢʥ罣
Īӽˮˣ
ߣƾһһа٣δЩ̫ˣҢֳ罣䷢ЦŽ壬ĿǰľΪҪʩչǰΣҵҪĸУ
˵ţһҪǰնɱ
˭룬׾һƣҡͷԵţ˭˵Ҫˣ
Ңһ٣һɵס
񣬳֮⣬ֻз֡Ϸˣ֡ϷˣȫһϢˣûʲôս
ս֮⣬˭ܹһս
֣˼ǣСЩ͸ס
׵һЦȻɽСֶܹѣɣȻҲܽһȺСܣ
һȺСܣ
֡ϷҹˣȫϢһϣһ㵵ס
׻˵ղĿ࿴֡Ϸ˸ոշֱգͽһȺ£


713 Ͼɱ
ܵϷҹһĿ⣬׵һЦʵҲûʲôһȺӰˡ
δ䣬֡Ϸǵһ
ҹ˼磬΢Ƭ̣ʱǰһ־ϲؿף֣Īǽ׻ȳˣ
׵ͷһЦ
ʱ֡ҹϷȫզ̾
ϴܹ˶ֻ׻ȳ棿˫֣Ȳʵ
׻ȳսֻ߰ң̫٣ǲɽĶ֡
׼ȷ˵ֻһֻ档
һƣ΢΢һЦ
ʲôһֻ棿
δ䣬Ϸҹ˵࣬ȫȵס
һֻ׻ȳ棬вҢ޺֮䣬ܹնɱ
Сӡˣʲôնһ㲻ҪȡеʥôҾ㳢ʥ
ҢЦһ͵ش߶еʥʱһɰʥֶ£ӶҡػΣϷֵˣȫϢΪ֮һϡ
ণ
ٿأһ̶˶Ĥ˷׷ѭȥֻһֻһ׶ߵĻȳ棬ֱӶת֮䣬ǰȫ½Ӳӣ磬ֵɭɱ
ģҿʲôǴ˵еĵȣӵʥ߰쾳Ϊ
û뵽Ȼ컯ɾ˴˵еĵȣ˵⵶ȣǽ׻ȳĳȺ죡
ĪǣŽ彵棬ֻȣҪˣ⵶ǳŽһ£ܹõټȺǸɡ
ɽʮʿȫһŷӶĵȡ
ֳʥҢޣҲüͷһԼ۾ʲôǴ˵еĵȣ
֡Ϸҹˣ־ϲĻŭţ
ϴȻȸˣֱţ죡
Ц׵š
ѹ޿֣ԭǽ˵ȣ˵ȣô׻ȳĳȺƾⲻɽ֣׾ٵ顣
ϷϲԽ
ɱ
ٿأֳ罣Ңһǰȫ߶е罣ֱŵȿɱȥ
νֻҪնɱôĽ׻ȳ棬׽Ͼϵס
ͻıʣ÷Ϸȫһ
ΨһƵᡣ
ݣ
ٿأȵӰƾʧ٣Ң޵İ繥ƣҲ˿ա

ţڵȵٻ£ǧֻײеĽ׻ȳ棬͵شɽ֮зӶ۳һյĽɫƶ䣬ͷϯ¡
ˣȺɱˣ
ӣȺ֮ݲʬۣһΧֻ·һ
ʱɽʮʿȫҺ׷׻Ϊһ⣬ɢɢ
ģ̽ɱУһȺ׻ȳôֵһᣡ
Ң޷ŭػ罣ѵ⡣
Ȼʮ꿡壬ûһҢ޵һҲƵӴֻܿ޵ȡ
Ľ׻ȳ棬һɫ꣬ʮ꿡壬ת֮䣬ɰǧֻ׻ȳİΧȦУһȫ˽׻ȳ棬ȲҺȻѪģ׹ɭɭ
Ƭ̣֮ǰҫʮ꿡壬ȫɵһɶһĲƬ
ˬЩɽ֣һ๼
˷ܵ㵸
ɽ飬ˣǵıĥȥû뵽Ҳн죡
Ϸһơ
ɶԹĥޣҹ뼧ӶЦ
֡Ϸһ˸߲ҵģͬǣҢޣһʱңɫҰֽ
ʲôת֮䣬ʮӣȫһغΪ˽׻ȳеѪʳ
òɽʥӣĪǽҪҰ
յĳȺҢҽŨŨı֮ͷȫ߶罣Ϊһ⣬׼֮زز
ӣûô򵥣
ĮһЦһֱӽǹ˳һɿ񱩵ĽɫѪӿ۳һֱָֻ֦ʶӵҢޣ
ߣ״̬ѣҪʩչɸӣ
͵ָһɡ
һɫɼƿնȥ̺ſֲƣ糱Ԩ纣̼ҪҢ޸û
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣҢ޻Ӷ罣ȫֵ
ֻһƽըףҢ޲ҺһӿоһɺѪ˵Ҳƶ߷һ㣬Ӹ߿׹¡

ͬʱĽ׻ȳ棬طӵǰҢûУĿȿֺ˺Ң޵Ѫ⣬Ң޵ʱһѷεʹӿͷҢ
ߣҲŲɥ
ĮһЦúĥһôֵܹǽޣ
һˣ״ŷ֡ϷˣɣֱҢ޵ǰһ㣬һظѪģҢޡ


714 罣
ס֣
һ֣ڵȵĺ֮£Ľ׻ȳʱشҢ޵¶һѪģ塣
ȥԭ¹ڳһҢޣȻĿȫǣȫ£Ѫⷴת׹ɭɭĿġ
˻
һϢҢޣ˿۾һס
Ӵ֮ǰţôô˲˹ˣ
һЦҢޣ͵һҢ޵ؿڣǵһعӦ۶ϡ
Ң޺һ촽Ƭ̣ڴͷ̾Ϣ
ǳ
һԵļһУֱӽǳڡ
ǽ

֡ϷҹҲ׷ٻԵı
Щûʥѹƣ˵ٻ֮£ȫصϷֵ˵С
ջرϷ֡ҹˣһϲֵúϲ£졣
ģȻռҵǳ
ջǳһƳҢ޵ϣżѪˮݣֱӴҢ޵Ŀз˳
Ң޵壬Ǳ߷ɵɳֱӱʮס
С֣ˣ֮ǰٰĥǣУҪιǣңҲһ˺ѷεʹ
ϷǸƢ˱ĻᣬҲţɱǰеĴʥͽҢ޵ֽŽϣֽʥҢ޵Ѫ֮Уһɭɭ׹ǡ
໣ۡ
˺ѷεʹҢܣʹ飬ҿġ

һƣһЦ͵šҢ޵һȣһһֱӽҢ޵ȸһʱ䣬ѪɣҲ̶á
Ң޵һȫҵؾ
֮ǰˣֵ˷²ٰĥǣǸʱģһ·
һԹ޵Ңޣ޲ǰ̻ιǣΣڵϦ뵽Ҫˣ
ĿȫǵҢޣֵУȫȻûһ˿һ֮顣
׻˵ԵǶԼ̡
˲ɽʥӣҵĸòɽϣɱңͲ²ɽǧ׷ɱ
컯ɾУȫǲɽ
Ңҧв
סϷֵˣһЦЦǰϡ
С֣ͷȻвǣ
ҡͷԣЦֵˣĸǺ𣿱ɽֻǿȻòɽŻǣǻЦ
֡Ϸҹǰͷ
ֵˣз֡ҹڻĹңϷڽɽһɽѷɫ
ףڽ𽣶죬ȻȲϻĹɽһǣԴϺһ֮׵壬ٲȻΪһеĵһˣͷʢ
У˳ƵģʵһܵĹϵף൱ڵ˸ĹҡʵԼһ֮Ƶĵһܡ
ûĹźңΪףЩţ
²ɽĳϣǰװǻƣ̬Ҫ˵һɽʥˡ
С֣㣬ҵıǹ㻹Ҫô
һһЦҢޡ
Ң޻æͷҡǲ˹һ㣬عڵأߵŰݣǰ۲ʶ̩ɽ֪ôϣ̧ܸ֣ҵһƨ˰ա
ҢһɥȮһҡβв¶һĨ֮ɫ
ףϷ֡ҹǵĺӣҲһмҢޡ
ӿʥøǺãױһ˴˫֡
Ҹ͸㣡
Ң޶߶µؽ罣˳ĨȥѪ֮󹧹ط׸ס
žһһ£Ң޳õɳȥˮطڵأҪǱжǱ
Ҫʩô
ӿʥңӦ÷׸ңж£
ЦһУֱӽ罣У罣Ϣһҧ⣬һﴮĽɫѪ罣֮С
罣˽ɫѪ֮󣬹â䣬ԵΪܣš
ƺܹ׽罣еΪҡ
ҢɫһĻ˫Ѫ絶ʣȻǰһؿͷлǰ񰮣罣УܴʣС˱ң
Ң޺һı΢ģ֡ϷҹˣǳͷЦǻ֮еƣʱһɨա
ϲ֣ʥ
ϲ֣ʥ
֡ϷһЦݵظ׵ϲ
Цݲá
Ȼ˵ѾһǹǣǹԶ̹Ȼⲫ˵Щʡ
Ž壬ҪҪϵĥ壬ԣͨ£ǲ̫ʹñǹġ
컯ɾΪԵŹ֡
ģȭ֮⣬ǽ


715 
񣬶һʥ罣˵ٺòˡ
罣֣ױ޼ɵⲫΪԷУĴɵ
У֮ǰն޾ˣ˽ˣ㿴Ǻã
Ħе罣ֵúϲ£죬ٿأüͷһбһҢޣ
ҢһżæŵؽָĨȥѪ֮񣬹صݸףǰСһ·
ôҢޣһУֱӽָУöָΪѾĨȥѪ֮񣬱֮ԣʶһֱ̽У׼һ̽
û뵽һССĲɽʥӣΪ񡣡
Ŵָжѻɽ鵤ҩԼֱ޾ˣײչһЦ
⣬׾ϲǣҢ޵ĴָУһڲŲɽĵͼأ׵У˿˽ⲻɽĻᡣ
ǸڲɽУֻкʸ鿴ҵУպƶսƻƽɽ׾١
׽ָ뻳Уһأڵض߶µҢޣȻ˵һҢ޽ĻС֣㲻Ϊӻһ·գ
Ң޻Ȼ̧ͷһסɫӣԴ⡣
֡ϷҹˣһЦǰϣÿŰ׳һĿ⿴Ңޡ
ģУ˵ˣһȫʬûпܣ
һЦҢްٰĥĳʱǰһȭߡ
ȣƵ÷ǳ׼ܹҢ޸ܵʹȴֲʹ̶һغ
һϣúó
ٺ٣ٲŭȭͷ
Ϸ֡ҹ׷׳ǰȥΪԭʼķʽΧŹҢޡ
Ңޣòɽʥӣ磬ȴ֡ϷΧŹһʱȥʹ
һյĹҢޱʮΣÿһλʣֵˣȻȻʹŹ˷û֧ŶãҢڲҺһåʽĴƤѣһغ
ٺ٣ʹ죡
ɱϣұж͸ˣ
֣ǽĿ
ҹϷ֡һ󺹣죬֮ϣϲ֮ɫ
ȣʬ
ŻΪһ̲Ңޣͺһʱڵȵĺ֮£Ľ׻ȳǰҢ޵Ĳʳһա
ת֮䣬ҢһĲ⣬¡
ֵǣߣҸطںȾƣڳ⣡
һȭͷк
һ˵о⣬Ϸֵ˵ʱĿ¶⡣
£ֵڿն𣬾ͽѰһɽһ׵ĶУʼף
ΪĽ׻ȳػڶѨ֮⣬ԣ׸ûвػ󷨣أյشӴָͳ׼õĿ⡢ƣݸϷֵˡ
ֵˣʱ裬ڳںȾƣ˵ó졣
֣ǽνȵģ
ֺһھƣʵ
ϷҹҲĿƵףһ档
׵ǹƥǧĽ׻ȳΪУֵܿǾһĴ
˭룬׷ǵûɥȺˡ
ò˵ǳ𺳡
˵ҲЩ졣
׵һЦ¶ȵ¼һһʮ˵
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׵˵ŵʱĳһȫҽɫ죬侳һ㡣
ȵ˵ȵõͶϣֵȫ³һ
֣Ϸĸ˭ǽգҲò˵Ͷأ
ϷžƱͷȸɣַɿˮ֣Ҿ
֣ҲҪ㣬Ұˣ
ֵ֣ܣ˶ֵˣΪǵ꣬Ҿ
£֡ҹˣ׷׾ٱŸ׾ơ
ϲЦտ߲ܣֵܴںȾƣڳ⣬ƽһɳ顣
ȥҹĻ
׵Ķ֮УƹѲ˹ζֵܸ㷹شűá
֣ʲôƻϷЦס
֡ҹҲĿ⾼ס
ȻֵУǾԵĺģ׵뷨ֱӾŽֵܵж
Ƕˣ£ҪǾȡڣƻָȫ
ʱټ̽컯ɾȡԵ٣
׳
Ϸҹ־ǰͷ
ȷ
ֵˣȫشΪ農
ٺ٣ɲ壬ȻϴҪһЩǱǼλҵĻָҪǿöࡣ
Ϸ붫ҹظҸҪµʱ䣬һ£Ҿָܹȫ


716 ͵ͻ
żһƨģ֡ϷҹƲƲ죬мһˡ
֡
Цż񣬳ֵ֮УҲͶͶأǺǡ
һЦҡͷԣơ
֣ʲô˼񴵺ӵۣʼ°ӡ
֣㻹ֵܼĸ֮ӣ֣˭Ҳ˭ǵͷ䣬²̫ʵ
Ϸһ
ڽɽһϷĸԸ꣬˵£Ҳֱֱȥ
ߣǾȱȿ˭̵ܹʱڣָȬ
һߵһ䣬ͳһţϥ̷һö鵤֮ԹԵ
ԣ֡Ϸҹȫǰһһظĵ죬ãȾͱȣһû¹˭
˭Ҳ˭ֵܣײҡͷЦ
Ҫôջ˴ľˣвٸƷʵľˣ԰ǻָ
һУӴָٻһѱľˡ
ʱҹϷȫǰһæǰʼˡ
ȻˣһЩƷʵľˣҹֵ˶ҪҪǸƷʵľˣԽǸƷʵľˣ֮󣬻õԽԽŨ
ιιǸ㣡
Ŀļһ˵׷ַˣʱҽУ͵سǰ˺Ӫ
ֵܸ֮ҵһЩƷʵľˣؿס
֣лˣ⼸öˣҪָ۷״̬Ӧû̲ʱ䣡
ֻһеöȭͷСľˡ
֣л
ϷһЦ໰Ͳ˵ˣ
׵ͷһЦ
ֵܾѾֱ˴ˣҲס
ϴ㽫˶ǣʲôһһǵף׽еľҪȥ
ģҶúܡЦʼ
ֵܵ˵ͷİõظѰһƧ֮أʼơ
ȷ֡Ϸ˱ӵŵȵףٿųǧĳȺȷʵƴ֣һջ񣬾ͱֵ߲ܲæµʮ컹ࡣ
ҹ
Ѩ֮мžֵһĿ񣬵ơ
Ѩ֮⣬ǧֻ׻ȳ棬ſɽ֮ϣȥڻɽǶһƽԣ貶Ŀ
һһö˸˳һʱ䱦磬ѨһƬͨǶԵıˣ۱̻ǵıˣҪٱΪϡ
Ҫܹö˸زָܹƣ˵ܹͻƿһٷ
װ˼⣬תľżн֮Уټľ˹â䣬һεٻ֮£һӫӾ֮а뿪ɿ׵֮С
ʱʮëһһϣȫ£ԡʥ֮УӨԡ
ʱҴңһµʱҴš
һգ͵˫³һһµʱ䣬ұ˳ָ۷״̬ҵҪ˭һ죡
£վһֵܡ
ֵȫڱĿ޵ʱ򣬼񲻽ϲЦտ㵸ٺ٣Ҿ˵ɲܹᲢ۵ģ
͵һףؿЦҷǵȷָֻ֡֡ÿ죬ڣӵŽʵϴ󣬻Ҫָø죬ҵҪЩһﻹʲôҪ˵
ٺһЦһˬ
֮ϷƳ³һվʼֽţٿأĿһһԹԳļ񣬵ʱָ֣ˣ
ܵϷеľ֮ɫЦǺǵص˵ͷ˼ǵһָϵġڰ֮ǰͽ
˵ţָָԶף㿴ϴûҵǰͷָ֪ɲĿֲ˰գ
Ϸûطһۣô񣬡ߣðˡ˵ˣҲͱҿ죬ûʲôýġ
ϢһϣҪ磬֡ҹҲ˫
֡֡
ϲ⣬һԾ˷붫ҹǰ൱ͬһʱָϡұҪԶ
Լĵ죬˼ǵһָȫģʾĤݰɣ
żһƨģ붫ҹƲƲ죬ô
ʱˣֱţôţˣȴ䣬ǶǺû뵽ûУû
˵ţسŶȥ
˭룬ʱһֱĿ޵ף͵سХһڣһɿ񱩵ĽɫѪϯԨ纣糱
ʲôʲôȻһ
Ϸ֡ҹҲĿһϢΪ֮һϡ
̶ֳȵѪȻƽ벽ԪĪǡͻˣ
ѿھ


717 붨
Ϸҹˣȫһһ˼ס
׵ĶѨ֮УӲӣ׾ɣԡڽɫ֮У£ϢƳ
ߵɽ壬ҵƻɽعһ㡣
ɣŶ̶̵һʱ䣬ϴ󲻽ƻָȬңһͻˣ
ɫ䣬ԭɫ̼䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һľɥ뾪ȡ
˵ҲǺ𣬸츳ȺǣŽһεĴڣа
ϷҡͷԣٿأһζбһۼЦ֣ղŲôΪһָȬͣĤݣôˣ
һЦϷֱĹɲ壬Ҳôۡ
ǣǡ
ҹӹͷһЦż񣬡ɲ壬ǵʱƺҲֵŽ壬ʮѹһͷɲ壬ŽҪ˲١
룬ӦͻָȬˣĻҲ᳢ų߾磡
ֵͷһЦһƵļ񣬲˿ΣԣһӦǼ֣֣
Ϸҹ˵ڿ೰ЦɫһƬϣ촽ãҧҧߣȻϴҪһǣǣռϷģ
ȻϵһףԼһǼȻһ߸ϵ̬Ϸֵǰӡ
ʵĵȴǶ΢ʣƽһɼ褺ĸо
üεǣֵܣͬ㣬ȻٶĲʣٶļޣҲֻĬĬܣʡ
䡭
ٿأڵĽɫѪ͵ϯֱѪþ޷ѣɽʯ䣬ռΪ֮𵴣±ӡ
֡Ϸҹˣȫһľ֮ɫ׵İƣˡ
죬ֻ
ַӦ죬Źǽγһܲ͸Ľͷֶ£һʱˮˮ֡зػǰƾɽѣɳʯ䣬أԺˡ
߾һɽ
ҹдʥһֱ֮ӽ׸ߵĲ޷壬Σɽ廬䣬пƽ˿ʾǿĽ
ҵģ
ͺһ͵ش߶ǳֵػУð벽ʥػףȻϮҲΪǡ

Ѩ֮⣬ǧֻ׻ȳ棬ǵط۳һĨɫƶ䣬궯ڸ߿
ķޣĶӣһŲ·ʧǡ
һУͨ˿̸ܵͻƵĹؼʱ̣ʱһĳȺȫػڶϷϿգŷԲޡ
Ѫڵĳ棬һʱ䡣
ڣ׵ͺһ͵³һϢƳԶγһ磬ķɳʯ

ֱĽɫѪͬӻ뺣͵ӿ׵ڣƬ֮䣬׵ɢһĨɫıͭͬ·
ɹˣֵƣӦѾﵽ˰벽Ԫ磬ֻһߣܹ׳Ϊʥ
ɢİƣֲզྪ̾
ȻҲµֻһͻƣûϵֻ˶ݵʱڣһٽΪ벽Ԫĸ֣
ϷҡͷԣϲЦտ
ҲҪӰѾˣ
붫ҹһЦ
ͫһһӶϷ֡ҹˣȫһһͷޣȫ±һҲûһܿԡ
֣ҵľΪҲ֮𣬵վǰΪθоһͷޣ
һĭҹһ㵵ס
ţҶ˳ָˣ
ĿһӣֵתʱϲЦտ
˵ҿǶ˳ָˣĻ¾Ҫɽʯˣ
ҹЦһȤ
΢΢һ̧ͷһΧĻɽϣʯ飬ɳʯɫһ䣬ڨڨһЦǸȫ벽Ԫ磬һ붨״̬УһСģŪôĶ
˵ţڨڨͷ
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫһÿŹһס
붨
ͨ˵붨״̬ʿһ붨״̬˵ľΪԣʵɱ䡣
ڳļϷҹˣȫ֮ӣǣ붨״̬ĴҲָ
û뵽׾Ȼ붨״̬


718 ˷
֣붨״̬˳ͻƣ֪ʵʲôɱ䣿
ϷԸΪ𱬣Ȳѯ
ৡ
ʱ֡ҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳһ˲䣬۽׵
׸ֶƽһɳλֵܣ˳˶Եıˣֽҽ붨״̬ɱĵطǣ
Ϸ֡ҹˣȫһס
ǣ
üͷһɵʵ֣ΪŽ壬ʳȺЩ֮ӣҪһء˵ǿͬʿУǳ͵Ĵˣô
Ϸҹǰͷѡ
ɣϴŽ屾ѹһͷɱɹˣ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽˣ
һƣҡͷЦ
λ
ֵܵе֮⣬׵һЦ컯ɾ֮󣬴Ҷһָܡ컯ɾ֮УΪŨʼԴǵٱ컯ɾеޣҲΪǿ̺ǼΪŨ
Ϸҹ־ͷһĿá
˵ڸõĻ£ÿһ鶼иǱڣҵŽ壬Ҳܴռ䡣˳˶ԵıˣͽԼʣһĵز
һЦ
֡ϷҹЩæߴף֣ǿȣﵽʲô̶ȣ˵˵
׵һЦһУӴָ֮Уͳһɭʥ͵شԼؿڡ
ͻһĻϷ֡ҹˣȫȻһʧ֡

˭룬һ̣Ŀ鷢ˡޱȵʥ׵ؿڣȻһĽ˿ûܴѪֺ
ĵһĻϷ֡ҹ˵ĿУȫĿ࣬Ϊ֮һ
ģûпգֵǿȣȻʥ޼ˣ
ֵһ׵ǿһι
ֵǿȣԪµʿУǾԶĴˣٲȻһʥѰ𣬸Ʒ
Ϸп
̫̬ˣ̫ţˣ
ҹҡͷԣһҿҵֵܣҵĵˣĻҿ϶շת࣬ߡ
ڳ˺ȻЦ׵Ŀ⣬ȫһĨĽ
һͻƣҵɱ󣬵ȻˣѪڵҲӳ񱩣㲻׸ˡ
΢΢һЦǰֵܣֵǼȻѾ׻ָˣ磬Ǽ·̽Ƭޱߵ컯ɾ
ԸϷ񵱼ϲЦտʼĦȭƣԾԾԡ
붫ҹһЦ˵ͷ
֣ǽıߣҹ˼ܣЦס
΢΢һЦһֱӽȸٻԣʼ뵶ȽƬ̧֮ͷɬһЦźԭӵȿж˽һЩ컯ɾأû뵽⵶һ֪Ψһ֪ģԽߣԽ컯ɾĺĵشͨ£ȵĳȺֻڱԵشε
δ䣬ϷֵˣȫϢһϡ
ȵĳȺǧʵ֮ǿױɨһƬɽȣУȾһĴڣ˭룬⵶ȵĳȺȻֻ컯ɾΧε
ҽ컯ɾĺĵشһʲô
̼䣬ϷֵȫдģصĶߣԽ뾴η
ߣ
ʣĿ壬ãǾȥߣһɱ컯ɾĵشĵرȫΪУ
ģѾ£ưˡ
Ϸҹֵ˿ðЦ
֣ǼʵǱصΪã컯ɾıԵش龳ޣңɽڴˣһпɥȪ
һ
Ҫתһ룬֮ǰ׼ʱɱԼϷֵˣѻˣʱ̾Ϣһٶԡ
˵öԡ
˭룬׾һͬż˵컯ɾ˵һɶõĻԵνջͬڣǲץסᣬգȡԵպҪ컯ɾֲ֪Ҫȵˡ
Ϸ֡ҹͬص˵ͷ
ڳֵˣкܣѪжûһ̰֮׵֮£ĺʹϵɽ»𺣣Ҳǡ
ߣǳ
״һӡ
ǳʱٻһǳзӶûһ䷿ݴСֵӰһӣֱС
컯ɾд߶Уʵ̫óȺǳУһƿסǳױ¶Ŀ꣬Ҳغķڸ·ϡ
΢΢һЦһʳһֱֱһǧĽ׻ȳʱڿն۳һŨĽɫƶ䣬УǧƵĽ׻ȳӿǳǳϣֱԶշӶȥһ·֮ϳ˷ˣȫȻûһ谭


719 ޳
ųȺֱ컯ɾĺĵشӶȥԵشޣһǵصĳȺȫǵɢӣǳȺԣһ·֮ϣȺżͣɨһЩ֮⣬ʣµʱ䣬ȫŶ߷Ӷȥһ̲ͣ
˳Ⱥ·ˬ
һƣȵͨ죬ͽߣٶȽۿۣ˵ĵشˣǱָܹޣΪ鷳
ϷΪȻص˵ͷ˵꿡壬һ飬Ҫƾĵشǳѣ붼ڱԵش
һ٣ϷɫȻˣɽ˶ڣ׾ٱĵشⲻɽǵһ󾢵У
ҹ˵ͷгȺɽҲһս֮ҲһһͿء·ֻҪǲΪӪȴû׼ڲɽǰͷȡ
ˡ
ٿأһ춯ص޺޾ѣħضҵҡ
ǧĽ׻ȳȻһľ֮Уһɪɪ
شߴŽ׻ȳ𣬾ûһֻ׻ȳ·
ǳͣһƬïܵĴ֮С
ݣݣݣݣݣ
ӰӰһΣֱǳ֮зӶֱһɫϾԶա
ÿֲ޺һ֮ǧĵشޣʵֲ̫ˣ
ӲҰɫ
˵У컯ɾ޳˯Īǣ޾ˣ
Ϸһ
ĿҡҡͷλûиݣҲ壬Ψһİ취Ѹѭȥ̽һ
δ䣬֡Ϸҹɫ䣬һֵס
֣˰գͷޣƵһ龳֮ϵľΪǶ㻹ȻҪȥ
Ƶס
û֡Ľ飬ʵ̫ðˡϷҡͷ
׵һЦ뻢ѨɵûӣֻΧ۲һ£δؾΣա
ͷ˵öԣֻΧεԶԶؿһۣδؾܷǡ
ͳһ˾Ҫݱܷâ˾ҪӭѶϣȶƽʱĸ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵˶ҹϡ
ˡ
ʱһ޺֮ǰĺȻͬٲȻǷһͷ֮ڡ
Ұرɫ
֡Ϸ׵ˣȫһ
ֲޣֻһͷҲͷ
ٺ٣Īڶ񶷣ܾˣû׼ܹ֮
ǰһ
ҶЩȲˣĦȭơ
ķϷһۣȫ޷뼧顣
֣󣬶ȶƽʲô飿
Ϸѯҹ
뼧Ҳתͷҹ
Хжҹ죬ɫҰֽ촽ͣţ˫͵ضԶգݲͣش롭ǻǾҸطգ򣬾Ҫˡ
֡Ϸǰһ뼧ҡͷ̾Ϣ
¡¡¡¡
һ̣һװĺ¡𵴣ҡػΣȥߵʣһƬ˳ӿѹѹһƬҰֲ֮
ģҿʲôǧͷһѣ
Ŀࡣ
ʲôޣܹƾһ֮һ޳
Ϸɫϡ
ԶգҲɵõһͺһ죬޳Ͼͽִ˵أһط죬ݱܷͷ
˵ţһУֱӴӻͳһ罣޾ʥϯֻһɵĽâ£ֱӽһǧɵĵصѷ졣
ȣ죡
һһ
ণ
ȫߴٳǧֻ׻ȳ棬Щ׻ȳ棬һڲݴɪɪһ޳Ϯ̤⽴

ڣʥ£һƴСĽ׻ȳ棬ָһЩ׷׼ţڿն˵صѷ졣
̼䣬Ľ׻ȳ棬һɽɫӿصѷ֮Уת֮䣬ʧ١
죡Ƚȥ
״ߴٵ
֡Ϸҹ˵ҳɣӰһӣΪһ⣬˵صѷ졣
ǳ
ɫϾһֱӽǳûɰɷԲеĽ׻ȳȫУͬʱӰһӣϷˣֱǳ֮С

ҹͺһֱӼ˰벽ʥĸһӷӶת֮۳һܲ͸޵صѷĻڸ첹
ͬʱҹ̼ĺ֣ٽ
У׺˿٣е罣ȫⱩ͹ͭһ㣬ǵĮһЦλֵܣ׼ɱ¾һǾգ


720 
ӿĿֲ޳һһնûаη֮ɫ˫֮Уһ˷֮飡
ĵɱڣǱڹɱ֮⣬ƾڶ
Ž壬Ĺţ޳Ǻ޾ɫ
صѷ֮Уҹ֡Ϸˣ׵ĻȫȻһϢΪ֮һϡ
ʲôҪɱ䣿
ӾҵŤĪǷһ֮Ҳ뿹޳
ϷҲ겻ѣɤ۵λã޳һγɣƲɵǧͷޣ񱼣ȫ״̬ɥʧǡһһһУɥ
û޳֮Уǧٹ֣糱ϴһһԵֵһ֮£ɥȪ
ҧ͵߬ȭͷУҪȥ˵ϴΣؿ
˵ţҪӵصѷһԾ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأ𵴣¡¡˷ش޾ĿֲԨ纣糱ٲȻ޳ٽ
Ϸֵ˾Ȼһæǰȥס
ָոͻƣı˾ȻЩðգнʥ֣һ֮ݣ̼Ӧòѣ
ֽ§ż񣬲ṳ̈ǳ벽һ޳У¾Σˣʱ򣬿·ǵûܽȰ鷳ֵĺȣ
񲻽ҧɫǺ죬ã̾ϢһȻڵأÿһοϴվԼȴָоҡ
Ϸ־ǴײȻͬС
λ׼֣
ҹһϾ֮ɫһֱ޳֮ݣ̳֣ȫӪȣ
δ䣬֡Ϸˣǰһæ߶ֳַʱ׼
Уһһʱڣǵص޳ϯһ˲䱻һƬɷ֮У֮ķݽڵܲ͸磬֮ϣ޿񱼣γһ˳֮عѣɽ뱻̤ƽء
𡭡
ͷһͷޣһͷԼĪ׸ߵİϬţһһ·ֱײ磬޿赲
һͷʥĴڣ
ŰϬţϯİƣײ˫ʩչӡֱŰϬţȥ
ϬţƺѾԽǧɽˮ˿ȫѪעˣǣһ˫֮ͫУȴһƬ졣
ಣ
͵һԾֱӷգ罣͵һ̣̺ſʥһֱӶ˰ϬţԿǣһעѪһŽɺĿ
ˣ
ɫһϲ
¡¡¡¡
Ȼһ̣Ŀ鷢ˡ͵ϮİϬţһģŲͻһ£ɲǼ䣬СɽӴͱ޳̤ڽ£ʱ䣬ͱȳһ̲ࡣ
˻
׵һ
ণ
ٿأһϣ˵ʱʱ죬һֻһֻԼĪˮ״Сצֱӳץ
ȻһһӴƶͷֶ£˵Ӻ̶ȫá
⣬ʥޣ
пһ
ϵһټĽצֱӽ׸ץצ֮У͵һһɰҪ⡣
ȣ
ŵ֣
ǧһ֮ʣȫ߶ѪѪ纣ʥһӲ͵رơ
ϵһе罣׵Ĵ߶֮£͵ɫѪ۳һɫâɣ͡һֱŽȥ
ণ
ȻûϵһףȻܹͷųһһס
ֻһнĽһģֱӴӸ߿е
¡¡
һ̣ͳû޳֮У̼һغ
⣬ûüȡˣ
ϧ

һ̣׾ͱһֻڽ£ݵص֮Уֻһͷǧ׸ߵӵʥľ硣
ۡ
ײҺһʱͷһѪȫ£оǹһ㣬˺ѷεʹ
Ӳƴֻˣ
΢˼Ƭ̣ٿǰһ罣ֱŵص֮ȥ˽һΪһâƬ̣ǧɵĵص׿ռ֮С
ֻҪһЩޣЩ޶ᱻû޳֮󣬵޳ȥ˵ЩʬУžˣ
΢΢һЦʱһ罣ڣֱӽǹ˳
ɱ
ɱ
űǹ׺죬͵һһͽҸ£ָһɣֱ˺һͷͷ񱼵̼䣬һģڵأֱӱӿ˳̤ɲĩ
޳춯أǰ̣ûܹʹͣЪ


721 ı
ըװ޳Ԩ纣糱ӻĴ֮ӿҡػΣɽѣΪ֮ɫ䡣
һʱ䣬񱩵޳ͣЪ
ȥ޳ϯĴأһƬľۣɽʯ飬ȫһƬư֮ĩսһ㡣
һصѷ֮У֡ҹϷˣһĵĿع״
޳ͣЪҲ֪Σ
֮ϸһĨ֮ɫ
ߣȥƣ
ϷɫŤæ۶ɵĴ
֡񡢶ҹ˽档
ݣݣݣݣ
ӰȥԲǧɽ֮УһƬտţһĪѹָС
ĿԶԶɺİ߰ѪһЩѹƬѪ⣬ѹ֮УֲһͷޣȳζŻ
Ϸҹ֡ˣһɫϾܣϰֱġ
⣬ôûֵӰ
Ϸҧ֮ϳŻ̼֮ɫ
ҹҲüͷ壬˵ӵŽ֣ӦòҰԸҪʲôźã
ּ࣬һûµģ
Щ롣
Ȼ˵źûǸܹ޳Ŀֲֵܶʮֵ׼пѾҰˡ
죬ͷѰңҪˣҪʬ
ɫϣͺһ
£֡Ϸҹ񣬸Էɢһƴ׵Ӱ
ϯ޳Ĵݻ٣ɽѣľۣҰʮֿһۿԿϰ
ϧĶһӰ
һֻ񣬶ĿĶһ߾Ѫģʬ壬ϱڲԫĿġ
֡Ϸҹ˵飬ʮֳء

ٿأһӰ͵쳤Хһ·Ϸҹֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˹
쿴ǣ
ҹʶڵһʱ䣬ͷ׵ӰʱϲЦտѭȥ
Ϸ֡׷תͷȥʱеʯͷأһ
Ҿ˵Ž壬Բô׾Ұģ
ϷЦŻһȭͷһΣΪһ⣬ֱ׵ķϯȥ
ֵһЦ׵ǰؿһֶۣ
ϴˣǻΪ㱻ѹһ̲⽴ˣ
طǰ͵һȭ׵ϣֻġ
ߣ´ٺðգһۡ
ϷҹӶЦ
֣һʵ̫ΣˣҿЩȫһ˼ѣĻһΧһ
һϾ
ֵе֮ɫЦͷǸ´βˣ
һ٣һһʵһΣҲȫûջʵӦջķݲ׼ȷ
Ϸ֡ҹȫһ㵵ס
ڼ˿ܹ޳֮дѾһ漣ˣȻջ
ңջķ᣿
֣ն˶پˣҲ²ö
ҹƲƲ죬عơ
һЦε̯̯֣ʵ˵һö˶ûС
δ䣬Ϸҹˣȫûطһۡ
һö޾˶ûУȻҲ˵ջķ᣿
λ
ֵܵе֮⣬׵һЦӰһӣֱԶһƬɺء
֡Ϸҹˣ׷׽

ֻһӣһɰϯ£ֱӴ֮ڳ˰Ѫģʬ壬ʬ壬ȫӲӣ֮УھСɽС
ģҿʲôǴ˵еĽ񣿡
ʶ㣬һʱϳʬˡ
׵ͷһЦ߶е罣һ˴ͷ­ͷ­֮ڳһöϴСıˡ
ϴСıˣ⻪תԣɢŨ˴Ѳѡ
ͷӵʥΪöҲ˳µسΪҵսƷ
׻˻еıˣ΢΢һ
ֲĿ࣬ɣͷӵʥΪ
һĭһŵף֣Ȼһͷʥ޸ˣ
ϷҹĿ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽׵ϡ
Ȼܹɱʥޡ
еľ֮ɫЦʼ򣬡ȻˣʵԶ֮ϣֻǳû޳֮УӶһغ
ϷֵȫȻ򣬰ͷ
ԭ񲢷ɱǣȴý赶ɱ֮ɱˡ
ò˵Ǹı꿡壡


722 
нӲӵľˣ񲻽һ˴˫֣ϴ˵ûһǴաȻֻһöˣôҲʥޣƷʼߣĿǰնƷߵľˣ
Ϸ֡ҹ˾ǰͷ
ȷ
ֵܵʵҪսʤһͷӵʥޣʮѣ񣬵õһöıˣǴա
һöƷʵľˣȫԼľΪǰ̤ʥ磬Ҳǲܵ飡
˭룬׾һƣ΢΢һЦ˭˵ֻնһöˣֵܾ㵵Ŀ⣬״һӣһȵ𣬾ֱһطӶȥһ޳˵Ҳ߰ʮͷޣʵǿޣջֻ಻١
δ䣬Ϸҹ֡ˣȫһԼĶ䡣
׾Ȼɱ߰ʮͷޣ
ңʵǿޣ
ʱһɿϲ֮ӿͷϷ֡ҹˣȫ˫һ
֣ûиǿЦգƷʵľˣȻն߰ʮö
ϷЩš
ҹһЦ
ֵܵɣ׵һЦҲӦֱһȣֵܴһƬɺŢ֮Уڳһ߾ʬ壬ÿһʬ壬Ѫģ䣬˵Ʒȴǳ֮ߣٶǰ벽ʥ޾ˣУ߰öʥ޾ˡ
ܿ죬֡Ϸҹˣȫ֮УһϲԽؿʼھ֮еʬ塣
ɱޣػвޣڱӹвɥǺúѰһӦûвٵջ񡣡
һһʱӵصѷ֮Уɳ˳ǧֻ׻ȳ棬ͷһֻȳ棬ͨ尵ɫԼĪһߣȻǵȡ
ȣ̸ɨΧǧﷶΧڵʬ壬һҵˣ̷׸ҡʬ壬ʳ
´һ
ণ
ʱһǧֻ׻ȳ棬ʱ״ؿʼɨԲǧ֮ڵʬ塣
ȥĽ׻ȳ棬۳һɫƶ䣬գƻȳһ㣬Ĵأٶϯһա
ԼĪһʱʱ䣬׵ˣȫڷھ޾ˣһջķᣬϲԽ
ڣһʱ󣬷Բǧʬ壬ȫ׵زˡ
УֵصѲǷԲĵضΣضеޣɱ˲٣ܶȱȽϼС
ĵطɳǧĽ׻ȳе̺ʽѲ顣
֣ܹڳ˾ʮö޾ˣ
ֽһѱľˣѵ׵ǰϲЦտУʥľˣܹʮö벽Ԫ޾ˣʮöʣľˣһЩƷԽϵ͵ľˡ
ײһЦ˵ͷ
ɹ׷ǳ⡣
ãһ޳ǿνǴգĲƸ
׸ƶЦһӣλֵܣЩ˸˰ɡ
֡ϷҹȫǰһȻǳҪռоˣһȴǰ
ϴһܹջ֮ľˣȫͣҿսƷգ
ʱˡ
׵˵ͷ
ʮö˸ֳͬݣеķݣʹ͸ֵܡ
֣ʲôҲûɣôľˣ²ʰɣ
ԼһݾˣһЦ
ϷҲ˵ͷȷ֣ʹһЩǾ͹ˣҪ㣬Ҫõһöʥ޾ˣǾԲܵ飡
ۿϷֵƴǣײˬһЦǶ°գֵܣֱ˴ˣ໥֣˭öһ
ϴ˵ûҶ°գ
ЦŰǻ
ϷҹˬһЦҲǰһѱľˡ
ٺ٣ֻǺãĺģ
ϷЦǺǵġ
ҲֵƨƨߵģϷĦеһöʥ޾ˣϲ̵ġ

ʱԶ֮Уǧֻ׻ȳ棬ڵȵ֮£ֱ׵ķλӶȥһյƶ䣬ѹѹͷ
ǵȻˣ
̧ͷһɵһЦ
ণ
һȣֱӴ׵ǰڳ˾ȵǣȵֵ֮ϣȻһĹҵϬţƤϬţƤ֮УȻװһööľˡ
˻
ŹĹҵϬţƤϷ֡ҹˣȫһԼ۾
ܹһǧʮöˣ
һɨʱϲЦտУʥƷ޾ˣʮö벽Ԫ޾ˣٶöʣµĶһЩƷʵ޾ˣ


723 뻢Ѩ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһԼĶ䡣
ųȺɨ˷ԲǧĵضΣȻջһǧö޾ˣ
Уʥ޾ˣǰ벽Ԫ޾ˣǳ࣬Զ
һ޳вޣΪ໥̤ɥȪ񣬷ȫǣ
һ֮ųϵϲ

һĨһֺõףٺ٣ܲٷָһЩˣ
ϷԸ꣬ԼԿǰе׵ֵ֣֣ܼΪˣ󷽣屡졣һεľˣ϶ҲǼķݶԲԣ
Ϸգգ۾һڴס
ϴڸͣȫǲƴֵˣɲ˸缸
һ۵سǰҪӵжϬţƤ˭룬ʳһʱԭʧһֱ̣׵ǰеϬţƤصݸס
ֵе̰֮ɫײɵһЦһУֱһľˣȫ˴ָ֮УǸЩˣûǵķݣ
֡Ϸҹȫ΢΢һϢһϣгһɰɥ֮ɫ
λֵܡ
ɤӣôսƷֵֻһ䣬̫
һ٣˼ֵܣ׼ǸеľˣѾ㹻ˣҪٶǾˣǻʧȥ־ٽϿʱб
˵ĵǳǳ׶
ͺķˣһ֮䣬Ϊɥ־ھɫ֮УʧԼ롣
׵õ˴ľˣҲһԾͬĵ
ӻָƽɫͬص˵ͷȷǸеľˣѾǳˣҪ̫̰»Ӱǵԣʹɥ־
ϷҹҲ˼ص˵ͷ
»ȻʣҲ׵ʹ͡
ϴģǿԲᱻ޶ĲƸԻǵģҪһң
Ψ֪ôأǰƤЦ

ûطһۡ
ɫһɥ̾Ϣһײ
֡ϷҹˣżһεģһЦ׷ζĿ⿴񣬿вͣš
λ
ɤӣֵܵעȫԼϣȻ󲻽һ·ĵشѰ޳ףʣһǷǳֲĴڣԴˣʲô
֡ϷҹȫϢһϣһǴײ
Ƭ֮Ϸһ̧ͷף֣Դӽ컯ɾֵ֮ˣһ뾭£ЩУԿֵ۽жģһΣ˵Ҿ͸ģ
Ҳһ΢Ц̧ͷ׵˵ͷֻ֣Ҫһ£Ǿϵɽ»𺣣֤޶ǣ
һϷ֣ȫ˾ģҹȻҲ󣬻æǰһӦŵ
׿һϷ֡ҹһۣвһů
תͷһۼ񣬼΢Цţһ㶮á׵ͷһЦ
뼧֮䣬Ҫһ񣬾ͱ˴ͨˡ
ղײգ̳
һЦߴٵ
ǳ
£ͺһ߶ǳӰУţڿն
ণ
׵ٻ֮£ɣĽ׻ȳ棬۳һɫƶ䣬գһ·ŻĶʷӶȥ
ǣڳǧͷޣ׷Ķӵʱ̣ϷֵˣȻ֪ɽлƫɽС
ǳ֮У֡ϷҹˣһȲͳһöʥ޾ˣʼϥżн
ʥ޾ˣں𣬲Ѵܹ֮Եľ磬߲Ρ
ٺ٣֮ľˣǾһ·ʥ߾磬Ҳǲۣ
һƵؿһۼϷˣҪȱȣ˭Ƚʥ߾磿
ԣϷʱЦһ׷ظӦս
ڳļˣȫǺĸ˭˭һͷ˷׷׸͡
ΨһƽЦãҲμӣ
δ䣬֡Ϸҹˣȫһˬؿף˰ֵ֣ǳǸһαǲ档
ûû˼һα˵ʲôҲˣ
Žʵ̫ˣǸʰ·绹㣬ŹЩգ
֡Ϸҹһ
ײɫһЩЦá


724 
Ĵ֮ϣľۣɽʯѣһͷͷ޵Ĳк˵ɢڴ֮ϣ˺Хȷ磬Ұ֮ڣһƬţ˼
飡飡
ٿأһưܵɽڲӰȥȻɫʽ۵ꡣ
Ϸڳһڵһʱϳڽɽһ
˿̣ɫ۵꣬ɫҰףϢ˫֮гһĨ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ʦ˻ĹźҵУ׶༪ˣ
һ׳꣬һʹһֻ꣬ʵ̫ȻĻһҪƴʦøȳ
΢΢̾ϢһҡͷпǵʵҪȳʦãǾԲܵ顣ϧǻɽһûа취ĻһȫûĹźҳԲ˶ߣ
ʦ÷֪飬һ᳹ױŭģҲ֪Ҫô
׳һɬ
ʦܣǻǱôˣǵʵܹ컯ɾ˳Ѿ漣ˡ
ҡҡͷ
ٿأ׳꾪һĿ⾶ֱͶԶһƬյĽɫƶ䡣
ʦ֣쿴ʲôѲһƬ޳
׳꾪һ
һæ̧ͷѭȥ
Զ֮Уǧֻ׻ȳХ飬Ұֲƣð׳ͷƤһ𣬸εѡ
ãǳȺ
꾪һߴ죬ɽ֮Уǧ𱻳Ⱥ֣
˵ţһΣֱưܵɽ֮С
׳굹һҲǴǣɽ֮С

Ľɫƣת֮䣬ưɽϿա
һֻֻƴСĽ׻ȳ棬ɨŵ֮ϵʬ壬ת֮䣬ɢڴ֮еĲкȫΪ˽׻ȳе͡
ģ컯ɾδҲֲ̫ˣһ޳һǳƣδʥʿֱѰ·
׳񣬴Ҵ
ٿأֻƴСĽ׻ȳɽ֮У͵سһһʿ˶
ণণ
ŷ˶Ľ׻ȳ棬ʿŭһ׷׻еʥֻ׻ȳ롣

Ȼһ̣ʿĿ鷢ˡڽ׻ȳٻ֮£һȺ׻ȳ۶ɵĳƣ͵سɽϯһǰļƣƺҪһ˲䣬ʿû
⣬Ⱥˣ
׳ȻһæһУɽ֮ϯȥ
ӣ
ɫҰף߶Ԫ۳һ֣밫׳һ𣬳ɽ壬ԶնӶȥ

˭룬ûʿӳԶĳȺ۳һ˳Ԩ纣ֱӿƺҪһ˲䣬ʿʳ
ʲô׻ȳķٶȣδҲֲ̫ˣˣӳȺ׷ɱ
ѵǽҪҰô
׳꣬һĿ¶룬ҡ
֮ϣһټǳ֮УϷҹ֡ˣȫ˫ԹԵɣһֶ룬Ҫ̵ʱڣͻƽ
ΨףĿ磬ѪĵʱǱڵв
ȻĿһ·һսס
ţʿ˳ȺİΧȦУ
׶ȥɾһȵʿװʱǰһԣʿĳۣڽɽһĪǣʿǽɽһ꿡壿
һˣ׵ʱӰһΣΪһǣֱ

һһ꿡壬˳ȺİΧȦ֮УǵصĽ׻ȳòɿʱ䣬꿡Ļ֣һ鿪
ۿһߣ֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱ
ס֣
һӰǻƳգֱǰͺһ̺ŰƵŭϯʱĽ׻ȳ棬ǳˮһȥ
ণ
һֻȫɫĵȣػ˵Ϊǡ
ţ
ǵþˣ
һһʿһɵȥĳȺǲԼ۾
ڣڶݵĴ֮һһĿ⣬۽˵ϡ
һϮɫۣ˿٣ǳƽƽظֶһֲɺӵĸо
˾㵵ǣһֻһ׶ߵĵȣǵػǰƺ˵ĳ
ǰԮ¸м
ǰ֮Ϊ
겻ҺҴǰһľη֮ɫ


725 Ĺ
ǰսս꣬׵һЦǷڽɽһ
һһ꣬΢΢һ΢Ƭ̣ǰһǰڽɽһ
õ˿϶𸴣΢΢ͷһЦһӻͳö鵤һһ꣬Ȼڽɽһôҵѡö鵤̷֮ҲָܻһЩ
˵ţָһָ״С鵤ֱһһꡣ
ǰһæӹ鵤һж¡
е鵤˱Ƕҩζ겻ɵĻŭţһ꣬ٶȹ񣬡ǰ񰮣»ɽƸߣǰľ֮м
׳Ҳһļ֮飬»ɽׯлǰ֮
ʹ鵤ƷʼߣϢٵƸׯĻŭš
׵ĳƺҲһһǰơ
ʿ˵޹ؽҪĶʵжһݸߵ𱰵Ψһء
ͽһߵƸׯƺһǰ֡
޷
׵һЦ˽𽣶ףǽɽһϷֵܡǼȻڻɽһȻҲҵϱ
δ䣬ƸׯȫȻһһ˼ס
ʲôǽ𽣶ףŽ壿
û뵽ǾȻһеĵһˣ
ׯƸߣһϲף˫֮У̺һĨ뾴η֮ɫ
ϺһۣŽѴ壬һŽǿڿഫ
ׯƸûϵԼȻгһգܹ˵еŽ壡
ʱ˷ּ
ͺǷӣ˹Ԫһ
ׯƸ޴ģײɵõһЦԵĵкһͣ
ণ
ͨ尵ɫĵȣʱشӦһʳһʱֱ
Ƭ֮䣬Ľ׻ȳ棬ȫһƬŨĽɫƶ֮ϣһݴСǳأ磬طһ˲䣬ׯƸߵע
ûпգŽһ£ǧֻ׻ȳ棬㹧سˣ
ׯԾһĿࡣ
Ϊ˵еŽ壬Ȼ˿ֲĳȺ´Ҳģ
Ƹߵһ
ߣҴȥϷ
ĿɿڴׯƸߣˬһЦ
˭룬δ䣬ׯƸߣȫһ־ϲףʲôǰһ𣿡
һһ꣬ȫƲסͷļ֮飬һʱֿЦ
ӰһΣֱǳ֮УڱչǱ޵ֵܣͺһֵܼѣ
̺ŰƵϯֱӽչеķ֡Ϸҹˣȫˡ
ϷһƵףԹ֣ǣǲǵıǳ
ҹͬص˵ͷһס
һƣЦ֣ҿ㣬ƾ츳Ҳ볬֣Ǽֱǹ
ϷɫһҪ쭣ȴ׸ϡ
¡
ûطһۣҵɽĵӣҶӭͣ
δ䣬Ϸɫһϲ»ʲôҵһɽһĵӣ̫ˣһɽһĵӣ˷õ࣬û뵽һ޼ʵ컯ɾ֮УȻ
ߣȥ
ϷϲԽӰһΣǳ֮ϯ
֡ҹˣҲ
Хɳʯɣ״ֵܴǳзӶҰ֮ʱ˾㵵һĻˡ
һһƸׯȻһεعڵأʹͷֻɥȮ
Ƹߣׯ
һƸׯϷüͷһ壬ʱѵһΪιڵأûɽһĵӣúʲôʱ򱰹ϥ
Ϸѵ⣬Ƹׯһҡһ£ûվ˵壬ͺǶ˵һ㣬һ

ɱǰգ
Ƹׯ͵ؿʼͷԴײڵϣֱ졣
ס֡ҹˣȫΪ֮һжһ˿֮⡣
ϷԸ꣬һƸׯǰȥһŽ߷ڵأ˵ʲô飡Ҫһ޿䣬飡
ƸׯΪɽһĵӣϷһУס֡ҹֵǰֵɥȮϷЩҲסʱֺޣҲ
ʦñ°ˣ
Ƹׯһۣҧҧ
˵꣬ڵأԴĵ졣


726 
ϷһΣЩһĵڵأ˫ɵùԲһ㵵Ƹׯʲôʦã°ˣ
ϷɫϣһجģȫµԹ𣬡˵ǺηʥȻҶһɽһˣ
סҹˣҲüͷһ壬
ǻĹźҵˣͷǻĹźҵʥӺ
Ƹսս
δ䣬ס֡ҹˣȫɫһ䣬оⱩ䡣
ʲôǻĹźҵ֣
Ϸҧŭ죬û뵽Ĺźҵ飬ȻҶýɽһ֣һɽһ̫͵ˣȻûĹźҸСˣ
˵ţ͵һ߬ȭͷ졣
ߣԩ·խû뵽Ȼôãã컯ɾ֮У˻Ĺźҵ飡
֣ǰټһӢۺܣЩĹźҸΪƽأû뵽ĹźһԣȻҷ

һ֣ʱ΢΢۾֮ϣ¶һĨԹ֮ɫһԼǻĹҵʥӣǿҵŮˣ˺ҵֵܣ˳𲻱Ϊˣ
һɰŭڳ𣬿Х졣

ׯʹ飬һίԭʦõ£һ˳컯ɾ֮Уʼɱޣռ޾ˣΪȽϽδй˭룬;֮УȻ˻ĹźҵˣԱţΪĹźҲô˭롭
һ٣ׯɫ˲˭Ǹк֣ȻЦһǽɽһȫмһˣͽʦø°ˣڿ˵ҪǻɽһΪΪϺһУŽѹĹźң
ϷϢһϣоⱩ䣬ø֣֮ǰûܽɱȻ˷ҵҪĹźҾкͣҶһɽһмһˣ
Ϸתͷףϣ֣˵ʦ÷С޲£ҪŮˣ˺У˵ʲôҲҪ
һ
ʲôŮˣģ⺫δҲ̫ˣ˵Ůˣ
֣޲̻̽
֡ҹҲһķ߿
֣ġֵܼһǾȥҺǧУйͷ֮ޣ
һ֣ص˵
õ׵֧֣Ϸһϲִ̧һ׵ţһоڲС
˵Ȼʮ⣬ǣʵǿƾϷһ˵ҪҺ鷳ʵ
ǣװæȫͬˡ
̤˰벽Ԫ磬⣬н֣շ˵ȣ˵𺫸һˣɱ컯ɾеĺҵӣҲڻ£
˵ʦںδ
Ϸǳ⡣
Ƹ촽˼£һɥҪӡȻ֪ںδǣǰȥ
Ϸһ˦Ƹպףʦ鶨˵ʲôҲҪȥĪΪҲǺĶ֣
һâϷ
Ƹ߻æҡͷϡ
ġ
ׯһһʮ˵°ʦ֮󣬲ûʹɱ֣ǽʦõʣвʣʦֵܡ
ںв֮£ǱǰһѩɽһƬҶӣȥһĺı
ӦֻҪ˳һصɽУͷʦá
ׯ˵Ҳǵġ
ʲôвǣȥһ
Ϸüͷһ壬Щ󣬡ΪʲôҪһ
֡ҹҲüͷ΢塣
ΪһƬɽУҵһĹأһ龳ĸ֣Ĺأ
ׯ૵
δ䣬סϷҹˣȫϢһϣ˫ɵùԲ
龳ĸĹأ
׸һ޴ıأ
ŵǣĹ֮ϣȻһ˵ߵıѪıԽǿĴڣĹԽĹصߣһ龳ĸ֣Ѫһޱȣ
ܵ׵еľ֮ɫׯ˵ѵõĵر̺龳ʮ֮һľѪκ̷֮󣬶ܹӳǧԪ⣬Ϊ磬Ҳܹһɳ졣

һ֣ס֡ҹϷˣȫһᵽɤ۵λá
ڹ˶ţ֪Ƿǳϡĵرû뵽Ȼ컯ɾ֮Уҵһ䴫˵еĹ
۵ǣȻ龳ֵıѪɵģ


727 ī
û뵽飬ǲȻԵɺ֮£ҵ˴˵еĹ
һƣǺһֱѹԼΪǵõ˹µָܹ֮Ϊʥңױ̤ʥľ磡
Ϸҹˣȫͷ֮ϣ¶һĨĽ֮ɫ
ãúһ̤ʥ߾磬ҪԸأ
֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
û컯ɾڴ׽ػδʥʿУֻ˵׽٣ǣһʥϵʿ컯ɾͻھŵ׽١ھŵ׽٣ųڤף˵ֻܹصĿֲ׽٣ûܹ⡣
һϾЩѶϢҲǴҢ޴еһе֪ģҢǲɽĺʥӣѶϢӦòм١
һ٣ܵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵Լϣ׼ԣ˭ҪͻƣΪʥߣô꿡ľУռȻ
δ䣬֡ϷҹȫһɫϾ
Щ˶ڱչǱޣΨжҢ򣬶컯ɾ˽⣬Ҳӵ̡
ѹֲɽ׼ʥ߽컯ɾԭ֪ʥϵĸֽ컯ɾΨ·һ֮䣬ͻᱻڤ׸ɲƬ
п
ߣⲻɽƶˣ꿡ȫڻңֱʮ⡣ڻʶ壬ûнʥϵĸˮĻʥϵĸ֣ȫڤ֮£ʱ򣬿°ħ彫Ѵ֮˳ռǵļ԰
ɽӺ꿡壬Ӱ֣Ҫʥ߸ȫӺôΪǧˣų꣡
ڲɽû󣡡
΢΢ͷĿͶׯϡ
ԣǺȡ˹Ϊǽɽȣ
ٿأüͷһ壬ׯ
ׯɤӣһһʮؽģֻüժƬҶӣеͬͿʼھĹأҪĹ֮ڳűϣǾĹ֮еһͷػޣһͷī룬ӵ龳ΪǺܹĴڣ
ī븦һ֣һҵӣô𵴣±ɫͬʩչطƴ˳ش
֮󣬺˼£ǳģʼɽΧҪŻ͵ȡϧһֱûлᡣֱһ죬ԶѩɽϷӶһͷ
һͷӵıҲ龳ʵǺ뽫ɽȣīһۣν̵ְŵī뱩ܾ֮󣬶ȡԼĹ֮еر
ϧһֱûҵʵѡȥձһֱǣ
ׯ̾һ֮󣬺ϵ°ʦãңԴҪЮʦֵܣȥձΪǵģѪģ³֮󣬾ͷʦáǰٰΣֻգǰȥձ
ϷסֵˣȫͷƤըҧгݡ
ǳɹô
ϷȲʵ
ׯһɥҡҡͷֵˣ޾ȥձϧЧѣΪ˱Ѫʳڽʦֵ֮ҵ˺̸С
ǸۣͳһƬҶӣңùȥձ
ׯ촽һΣҳɹˣ
Ԫ̷һƬҶƬ֮״̬һɳ죬ƾնԪʵֱ龳죡
ҵ뱩ͨһƬɽУŹĴڡ˵֮󣬵һɳ죬ֱɽȷӶȥ
ţīһսͷ龳ޣ໥ɱϧȼոԵıѪͷųоѧսΪңռϷ硣˭룬ī뼴ܵʱ̣Ĺ֮УһʱīڣʱīǣһŭҡػΣޱڡ
޳ôγɵģ
ׯ̾Ϣһ
ס֡ҹˣȫһԼĶ䡣
ԭŭޣī뱩
ī뻹Ǳӵ龳ʵңīںصʱ⣬̷һƬҶӣƴ״̬£ŭХƾ춯أһ޳Ϊ
û뵽޳ףǺС֣
֡
컯ɾеޣһһֲ겻ѣ֮ǰһͷ龳ķݣͨ쳹أī뱩ȴڣ֪컯ɾУʲôĿֲڣ
ҡͷԵظпš
ׯ֮ôˣô
Ϸһֻע״
ׯһ룬ʹ飬֮飬ǲֻϢ٣ɽȡΪܿ޳ϮƸѱֻ֮ززԡԡҲ֪ʦǻ


728 ϸΪ
δ䣬ϷʱΪ֮һһ㣬ɫŤ
ʲôʦñɽ֮У
Ϸͷ͹͵һŽׯ߷˳ȥֻһׯһֻ߷ɵɳֱɳʮԶءʱѪԡ
Ƹ͵һ£ֵڵأвϵţѾ߾ȫˣһ棬һ·
ϷüͷһޣϣؽǣΣҪػʦõİȫ˭룬ǾȻΪ˱ȫԼ֮ززˣ
ʦǻʲô
ϷɱȻ
֣ǧ嶯
ֻæǰȰ裬ׯƸߵʵóȻǰΨ·һңѾˣǽǸɱˣҲ޼£
ϷأƽׯƸߣʦô˷̣ҶǳԲ˶ߣ
ƸׯæͷӦŵһսս
֣ˣҲ޼¡ҿׯƸ·ɱɽȣлὫȳ

Ϸȭͷ߬΢ԥƬ̣̾ϢһɥôԼţᷭӿҪʦһӣ빲ʦãҲᱻǸָ²ɽȣҰ
飡飡飡
ϷƴԼţ޹һ㡣
ҪŮˣδϷ絶ʣҡ
֣ΣҶŹϷģҪɱĹźҵ飡Ϸҧгݡ
׵ͷģѪж͸ÿֵ֣ڣ¶ֵһᣡǼָ̳ɽȣ
֡ҹǵͷͬ
£ǰһϻ̳ϿֵׯƸ߸ǻҵɽȵķλô
׵ѯʣׯƸ߷׷׵ͷӦŵظĵ죬·ϣܹ

һ
¡¡
ʱһǳڳļˣǻΪһ⣬ǳ֮С
ণ
һʳһʱĽ׻ȳ棬Զϯȥ糱Ԩ纣
ƸߣǵλãɽжԶʵ
ԶֻһǧǳٶȣӦֻһյĹ򣬾ܹ˳ִ
ׯһһʮ
ǰһˣ̽뱸ս״̬ǻھɽһ֮ĵطΪͽǰС
ϣ
ʱһУӻͳһǽԪӿ糱ǽ
ҹͳ˸һʥĿϾ
ֶȴһĵݡ
ΨϷȫѪĵһɿ񱩵֮γһߣֲ֮
ȥϷˣȫһƬɫ֮Уƻ١
֣ʦΣڵϦҪֶ롣ΪҪһ֮ĵطΪͽǰУ
Ϸüͷ壬ס
ԶķҡҡͷϷļȰ˵֣֪ļ٣ǣżҲûãҪ˳ȳʦãҪƶһ꾡ļƻ򣬿±˵Ǿˣǵ״ȥ
ҹ΢΢ͷǵֻ޹δЩԩָһսƻб޻
ͷʾͬ
һΣԵĵˣǻĹźҵĺ⺫ʵǿӳǸսթ֮֡
ңõƬҶӣһƬձһƬΪУǺѡ̷пܻһͻƣΪʥ
ԣӲС
⣬ΪҪǣɽ֮Уī뱩۷徳ޣಫײһܲ롣
һϢɽ֮Уᱻս֮Уʱ³çؼսȦֻ·һ
סڣ
ϷһŷַһۣҲܣͣǳҲԷУҪڵһʱ䣬ɱɽȣȳ
ѰϷһ֣֮ɫ
촽˼£׼˵ʲô׳ŷҡҡͷ΢΢̾Ϣڱտڲԡ
֡
һϾϷֵܣһðգǽǳķи߶ȣֱɽȣ
δ䣬Ϸǰһ׵Ÿм֮顣
֣ʦǻţһ㾴ƣϷɤ˻ơ
׵һЦ˻֡
ܿ죬ǳĺХ֮£׵˾ɽȵľԽԽ׵֮£Ľ׻ȳ棬ȫӿǳڲǳķи߶ȣҲɸշУطС
ǳ֮УֵһɫϾֱֳҽ
ׯƸߣҲһڸͷƤըĿ⾶ֱԶգϰֱġ
¡¡¡¡¡¡
ܿ죬һʯı÷Բռ𵴣˻ضҵ֮ϣһֲĵرѷɿعѿ


729 Ѫ
ɽѣҡػΣ񱩵˷ӿ˻
ǳУסϷҹˣȫɫһҴĿԶ˼ضǶϱڲԫľʯһЩ޵ʬ䣬׹ɭɭ
ÿֲƣī뱩սڳ֮У
һľ֮ɫ
ʼԴǵ컯ɾȫһΣǧʼԴǣʥߵָ֮䣬ܴһȻ컯ɾ֮Уȴ̶ֱ½˵컯ɾ֮УͼͶ֮䣬ɽѡҡػΣҪΪֲʵΪ֧š
ī룬龳ޣҪСĽУ
һ֣ء
λϢ
ͳʥ
ʱ֡Ϸҹˣ׷ڵĿƣһҽ
龳ǰ׵˾ͺϣֵһᣬһܲпһغ
¡¡¡¡
ǳϵسսĺĵشӿֲ糱Ԩ纣һɵϯ£ǳƷǧס
ڿ񱩵֮Уǳͺ֮еһҶۣʱ㸲Σա
Һãǳð벽ʥӲޱȣڼȫ߶£һ·նˣֱǰоգ
𡭡
ٿأֻһըװĺХϯԶʴһɽľȫԡѪ޾Ĺ֮Уͨ쳹أ
ৣ
ʱǳ֮У׵˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵Զеıϡ
쿴Ǳīɱıׯһĺ꣬Ϊ˶ȡϧȼձѪǼֲ˶ˣ
յĶս߲ݣȼձѪڲģΪ˾Ƕȡ١ϧĿǰƲֹۣƺѾٱ;ƿˣ
ȫԡѪıҹɵզп
סһо塣
˭룬һ̣ĿһĻӡ
飡飡
ȫԡѪıƤѣѪˮӿһɱǵϢӿ
𡭡
ֻһɽȵХ˵ı׹˱ħߣȫµʱһıˡ
ͬʱɱӱϯֱһʱ䣬ռ𵴣˻ԡɱеıȻʼɱ䣬ͣһ˶ӱ쿪ȫ£̺һɱ֮⡣
ԭһϢıʱת֮䣬ǧ⣬ѩƮ䳹ǵı磬Х
ģҿʲôȻɱˣͫһ
ҹϷֵ˵ɫҲȻһ
ׯƸˣǾʧ룬Ϣͣ͡
˪
һҰ׵ضԶеľ૳ûжϴĻӦһ˪
δ䣬סϷҹˣȫ΢΢һ׷תͷ񣬡ʲôһΪֱ˴˵еı˪ˣ
ڱ˪ںļֵܣȫţһַǳֲޣӵŲٿطѩվڽ˵塣
λؾȡ
żֵе󣬼񵭵һЦҿǱ˪ĺᣬڵѪǳĽҪͷͻȻ˱˪ѪӶһɱ˴˵еı˪
ʲô˱˪Ѫ
ԣײɵûȻ
ȷޣƩһ壬ھ̺ŽѪҪɱɽ񣬱ҪѪʷǳС
壬Ҳδһֻڣܹ˳ɱΪ
ڣҲ̺ű˪ѪѪ൱ϡû뵽Ȼī֮սУ˳ɹɱһı˪
û뵽ȻڻԵɺ֮£ɱһ˪˿īĴ½ǳΣˣ
ҡͷԡ
츳ޣ龳֮󣬱ֹǰȻĺꡣҶʳ˹һƬҶӣƾնԪˣպҪٳ߸ͷһȻǳѡ
侲ط񼤻˱˪Ѫ˳ɱɱ˪ô츳һɳ죬пܽһٷ߾磡ʱ򣬳ưԣ߳һڻ¡
֡ҹϷˣǰͷ
һͷ龳ıѾ˶壬Ҫһ¥ǧѡ
ǣɱɱ˪֮츳ǣ췭ظɱ䣬ͶĿܣ
˵һսûɱī룬ȡ˵Ǿ޴ջ


730 ط
ˡ
ʱһ޺𣬺ƽһըףѪĵͷĿѣ
쿴ī룡
һָʱǳеһ˵ȣȫתͷԶա
һͷɽޣͷ¹ǣīף̤ƣ˵ޱȣ
˿̣īȫ±ˣɱȴֲ龳ֵĿֲѹͷϯ£ɽ鲻ԽϢһϣһ¡
īľ磬Ȼ뱩޼츳ǣȴҪһǱҪɱī룬ȡã˳ɱһͷ˪Ͳ˵ˡ
̾
ѩ֮䣬һƬ֮ɫ
죬ǰ
״һӣе罣
ݣݣ
ʱʱ䣬ǳһƬѩ֮Уȥ˱ѩԭǧ⣬ѩƮ޾Хַͬи˵ӣҪƤ˺ѿ
ߣȥ
ʶѩ֮Уܵ龳޵Ŀֲƣʱһ
ݣݣݣݣݣݣ
ϷҹֵܣӦŵ׷״ǳзӶׯƸˣҧҧҲһͷ˳
һˣһͦǹϢϢسɽȵıԵشɱȥ
ǳ¡¡죬ڰط
֣ǳԭش׻˻֣ǳĿ̫ױ¶⣬ǰȥ龳޵սȦѰĽ׻ȳܲ
Ӧŵһǳʱ˰ѩ֮С
ণ
ֻһ̶һֻȫɫĵȣʳһǳϯֱ
׿һ۵ȣûж˵ʲô
⵶ǩԼ֮ϬһСƺоǰΣأԸ׶ա

ХƼεֽŽӲۡ׵ĺ£ûһ˵ҳ֣һҧ߶µֱɽȡ
ڣſһ˾ֱɽΧſһߵϣһĿԶɽеĿս
ֻһۣڳˣȫһԼ۾
쿴ʲô˪Ҫʩչɱˣ
ϢһϣĿࡣ
סϷҹˣҲһĿ࣬Ÿ߿б˫Ӵ
ɽϿգһͷǧɡ˫ȫɫľͷҰͷȫ£ɢŴ̹ǵĺвϵһִıһʱһ鿪ֻ׶سīֶȥ
ţ˫һʱƱɫǧ⣬ɽʯ񱩵ıѩϯ죬ټɽ֮УγһӴ籩
¡¡¡¡
ʱ¡¡죬Ϊ֮ɫ䣬񱩵ĺ˫ۡ
סҹֵˣһ

ٿأһʯĽڷ籩֮У׵ע⡣
ţʲô׵Ŀ⣬ֱͶɽȽ䴦һƬɳʯ֮УǶһı⣬֡
֡ϷҹˣҲѭȥ
ʦõķɫ
Ϸȥɵͫһ־ϲһ߸ߣӣʦûû
δ䣬סϷҹˣȫһһϲӡ
ʲôʦûţ
̫ˣʦûţν࣬˳ϲң
Ƹׯһۣ¶һĨϲ
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱɽȵ籩ɳʯɶ𣬾뱩ѩ֮УҡػΣعѡ
ãʦûɽ֮УǱ籩һغ
ϷһҪɽȡ
ۼֿ죬ʱһѽϷ˵ڵأ֣㲻Ҫˣʵһɽȣ̼ͽ޾ķ籩֮˺ɲƬ
Ϸ͵ѿ׺ݵ˼һȭ˫Ѫʦûɽ֮У˵ʲôҲʦðװ
һ٣סҹȵĿ⣬Ϸ̾һɫ࣬¡ͬҰҲԹ޻ڣ
Ϸ絶ʣȫȼ˳⣬һ١
֣һæ
ǧһ֮ʣ׳Ŷҹʹһɫ
ҹ΢΢һ⣬ʱһһϯͽϷ廨
һ⧲֮£Ϸֱͦͦصڵأ۴УſңһߣǲҪң
֣ģҪˣһ㲻ݣ
Ϸȫɥʧǡ
ܻϷ΢΢̾Ϣһֱվɫƽ֣żȥ
˵ţһԾʩչӡһͷˮޣܲ޾ķ籩֮С


731 ϱ
ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫɫһĿࡣ
֣
֣
񡢷֣ɤ˻ơ
ׯƸȫһ
֣Ҫ
Ϸ鸴ӣ˫֮ӯҵŮˣƾʲôҪΪңȥ
Ϸ˲޵ӣһŶҹؿ֣㣬ſҡҲʧȥʧȥ֡
˵ţڵأظҹͷĵͷѪ
һĻ÷֡ˣȫĿࡣ
ƽĸϷȻظҹͷΪöҹɿ
ҹ˫ȭ߬Ϊ̵ƫͷȥӯҧ촽ȴи֣֡Բ𣡡
򵥵֣˵ȴޱȵüѣ
һĶҹϷо絶ʣңһ̣İŮˣֵܣһߣȴֻ۰Ͱ͵վһԣ޲ߣһǿҵоֱӿͷĥ
ͨһϷ̱ڵأǶʧ˻һĿ͵ɽе籩һʬ⡣
¡¡¡¡
ɽ֮У˽һΪһ⣬ȼѪɶݣȫɽȽ䴦Ӷȥ
罣ʥԲӲӣƹ糱׺϶Ϊһȫ籩дš
͡
ı׶׵˺ѣһǵ˿ڱѿѪˮӿ
ǣȴҧ֣üͷһ¡
ееѪȫΪǰĶҪ籩֮ǰ

罣˷ʥĿϯ£ػס׵ӡ
ȡ
˫ѪڵĽɫѪӿ糱طͬһɫս˼䡣
˵Һò籩е˲ϷףĻϷ¸֧Ų˶ãͻᱻ籩ģ
ϧþһХ㴫
𡭡
ڱ˪У籩ֱһɿ񱩵ϯƴؽ籩֮ʱ̶ȫ£ãǰٶȣҲǻţ
ɽ֮⣬񡢷֡ҹ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۶ʧȥƵʱȫһᵽɤ۵λá
ϷһѪ˳շӿ䡣
ϡ
ڿֲķ籩֮£е罣ҵƺҲЩ֧Ųס
ƴˣ
ҧƴسɽȵĽ䴦˶ȥ
뻹ʣǧףɰǧ׶˺׵ɺѪˮ磡
뻹ʣһǧףȻˣ˿ڴĿġ
ʣ˰ףϢ٣ȫѪģ
ʣף׷籩еһʱɥΣա
ʣףס
״粽ǰеѪ罣ʥΪһҲǰһ෴ڷ籩ϯ֮£һһȻΡΡЩֿס
ɽ֮⣬񡢶ҹֵȫϢһϣ
֣
֣
Ϸ¶һĨȻƴ֣ҲģҲʧȥҲʧȥ㡭
ϧХϷĻһڣͱ紵ҡ

ɽȵıԵشһ׸ߵİǣɳʯ֮УɢźֵĹΣٿأһڷ籩ק֮£͵ذεض޸Ƽһ籩֮С
ã
һʱҧ⣬͵صͺһֻһ޾ĽɫѪעұۣһʱ䣬Ⱪ͹ÿռ˻
һڷ֡ϷĿĿ֮У׵ұ۾ֱ˺ѿΪһ⣬ֱɫϯȥ
ں޾Ѫұۣ˷ˣһöڵת֮䣬ʹ׵ľ룬һסɫǣ
ȡ
ͷɳƶȻ

ʱע޾Ѫұۣ͵ؽɫǴӷ籩ıԵشקһƣ˷籩ɫǣʱɽ֮׹ȥһһ̲ɳ֮У˸ߵɳ
ʲôɹˣ
񾪺һ־ϲ
֣Ϊ˾ϧ㾡ȫԶұۡ
ӯӯȭͷգ֣㣡
Ϸ͵ǰһһϲ׹ɽ֮ɫǣ˵嶼鲻Խزãڵþˣ
ɫǣϷ촽飬ȫƲԼ˫
ٿأһĤ
ãֱ籩ˣ
ִʧɫ
ʱϷҹ֡ƸߡׯˣȫƤһ׷׶ȥ


732 
ݵһƴȫף֮յؽԵȻԼȴ;ƿݣԪΪ̣ڿ񱩵֮£һΣʱ˿ֲ籩һգۣʧ١
ͻһĻϷ֡ҹˣȫһһʱң
֣
֣
֡ҹˣһгѪ
֣Ҫ
Ϸ͵عڵأãȻ޴룬絶ʣ
һ̣Ϸ޲ñ籩еף
ϷһЩ
ԼֵܣΪ˾ԼŮˣ籩ģԼȴ޲ߣ־ĵĸоϷ
ণ
ٿأһĤһɫĹӰֱǰһ籩֮Уת˲֮䣬ʧ١
ģȥϴ󣡡
ǧһ֮ʣŭһҪͦ籩֮С
վס
֣ǧ嶯
붫ҹæǰڵء
֣֪絶ʣǳܡҲͬˣΪֵܣһߣ޲
ϣƲסطӿ£ǣҵʵ˵ˣֱӻ
ƴţ״񣬸ȥȰ棬ҲԹ޻ڣνֵܣҪͬ
ȫⱩ͹ֲҪҹ˸Ʒɳȥ
֣侲㣡ִȰҲϣװңҲδؾĻɥ
ɵһʱйƤһί籩ȴңϴ󻹻ţ£ôܻܹš֣㲻Ҫοˡ
絶ʣоģʹ
֣ҪɱɱҰգҪɱңܹܵ㣬ǧҪ֣
ʱ廨Ϸ˼ԣɫŤ޴
͵һȭϷҷ˳ȥ㣬Ҫ㣬ϴôأҽϴ󻹻
˵ţȭͷƿ籩к¡
ϷҧӲţһԣһѪ˫֮ӿ£ƶߵ顣
Ͻѹǵʹĵ࣬ʹ
˭ɥûеһ̣˭ΪɥȪˣ
ϣ¶һĨ֣֮ɫԴӽ컯ɾһֲգԵÿһǶΪֶʮˣǣһ̣ܹΪ棡
һ٣żֵ㶵Ŀ⣬͵һȭڼӲʯϣţһҲһ⣬һ֮ǰһ˳ش
ִҰһ㣬Ҫڳȫ˵ҲҪŬԼеû
ûŽ壬Բ׾ͻģҹзŹ⣬Ҳţһǲս˭Ҫٸҿɥҵȭۣ
ҹ߷ߵػһԼȭͷ
һ㶡
ϷҲɫһ籩֮Уȼһ֮
֣һģ
ϷҧֿЦһǷö飬Сһô徵ģһ
ϯԹԵϥ˫ֺʮΪš
ΪֵܣׯƸˣһҡͷЦ
Ȼ˿һξԲСףֻ籩龳ı˪ľУƳ죬Բһδ̤ʥ߾ܹġ
ˡ
ٿأɽȺĵشһͳɽī룬ŭХ͵ӿ޾񳱣һƬī񳱣̺ԶеϢʹ˷
ת˲֮䣬һƬī󣬾͵س˷ӿ籩ײһ
¡¡¡¡
һʱ䣬ǵصı׶īײһƻײÿռ˻ҡػΡ
ɽȵıԵشʵɽ׷Ӧ̮ɳʯɽ֮Ϸ֮Уת۷ɻ
Զĵطɫ΢ؿһ£һŮɤɳƵغţɢ֮Уת۱㱻ɢûɽѵĺС
ҡҾȻû
ɫ֮Уһ罿Ϣ٣԰ֽ֮ϣëֵضţϧȴû
˸еĿĵǣڶׯŮؿڣȻһǵ˿ڣԼĪڴСɺѪӿɿɢϧŮûˡ
Ƭ̺Ů³һڽͷһƫ˯ȥ
ɫصһգâİ˼ˣһᷢɫ֮УȻһŮӵ˴ߵ罿


733 
¡¡¡¡
ɽеĲɱȻ˰Ȼ״̬Ǳ˪ī룬ʩչ˸ԵĴоһʱ䣬ɽ֮ɳʯ𣬲ľ٣ƶҪڿ񱩵ײ֮УΪС
໡
߿֮У籩ı˪ŭХһٿŷ籩ҵسīϯȥ
ϯɽȵ籩һ̣Ȼ޾ı˪֮Ϊһ壬ƺҪīһ
ī벻ʾȫػһƬĹأ粽ƣӿ˳һ֮£˲ںʱ⣬سīͷ֮ϵһϯȥ
¡¡
ʱһɿֲϯ죬Ҫ˺ѱ̿ղ񷣬ãأһ޾ֻţ޾ĸо
ֲ籩޾ѹ֮£Դ޷˼īһһ
ī룬¹ǣȫīףͷ룬ȻһΪ۵ļǡ˭ϵСļǣɱͷȻ¶˾һ
λ쿴Ǵ˵еǣ̺뱾ԪĶǣ
־һһָ
ʱϷҹˣȫһѭȥ
籩֮Уһʶ񣬺Ȼīͷһǣ˿̣̺ʱ⣬ԣ¶ͨ쳹صƣаһ㡣
û뵽ǾȻ˴˵еǣ˵ֻӵѪᣬӵǣͷī룬һ޵ĺᡣզпӵɵùԲ
īҲǱϾ·ˣϧʩչ˪⣡
ϷԸīܹնɱ˪ʹ籩ͣһҲþѰ֣
໡
ǵĿֲƣ߿еı˪ƴ˫ᣬЩڸ߿ط
䡭
ڣ̺ī뱾ԪǻΪһâֱ񷣬ƺҪ˪һȻһ˺Ѳ񷡣

ı׶ںһ壬ֲı˪֮ƺܹأʱռ䣬һ˲䶨
ǣīһ˪ͷŶı˪֮Уôָͻᱻһһغ
ڣ˪֮͵سײһֽȻͬƣ໥ײѡ
ɽ֮⣬֡ϷҹֵܣׯƸˣȫͫһҧأš
ȻǶī˪ܹܾˣֹͣսһ̵ܹʱڣɽ֮УѰ׵Ӱ
ʱһͣͣ񱩵ı˪֮ǳײһҵرѿһʱ䣬Ұɽѣ˸оɹһԪ
ڣ¡һ̺ī뱾Ԫǣеı˪֮һ⵶ݺݵ˱˪ţ
͵һɽı˪ֱӱǸǰᴩ
ˡ
صĺХ˪찧һɽһΰʱǶߵķݣڰҡҡλΣֱ׹£ֺеһƬҶ¶Ʈ㡣
һ˪׹ɽ֮У̳ɽ֮Уǹһɳɼȷǳõͣ
ݣ
˳˱˪ţ̺űԪǣâīٻ֮£ֱգת۱īĶͷ֮ϡ
ɽ֮⣬֡ϷҹˣȫһԼ۾
쿴˪ˣī벻ӵѪ֣˪Ҫʤһ
־զп
ԸսΪֹĻǵʵҪɽȣѰ֣ܣ
Ϸһ̼Ŀⲻͣɽ֮߮ϧɳɣܼȺܵͣһӰ
ͬʱɽȵһˣͳһ۵꣬ڵأһϾĿתضɽеսһɫӡ
ʦ֣˪սˣǵ͹īս龳ı˪ҰܱҪīжȡڳ˵Σ
һȧǺܸߵһɥ˵
ûԭΪܾˣӶ֮ȫûôֹۡ
һ׳ҡͷЦ
һ꣬䣬Ŀ䣬һֳǸ͸˼ĸоģī룬Ǳ˪ʩչѹ׾֮󣬶ûսĹ֮صıǵսƷ
˵ţܵػһȭͷ
꣬ȫΪ֮һԼĶ䡣
סϷڳһڵһʱϳ꣬ڻĹźҵ꿡壬ͷ꣬סϷѪĺ


734 ƽɫ
·Ϊ֤Ĳһ㣬һͻأХֱɳʯɣľۡ
شı˪ȻΡΡط˰գɽҡҡλΣƷ«έʱ׹ڵصĿܡɺѪӱ˪ؿӿʣȥνǴĿġ
ޱȹһĻϷҹֵ˵УһĿࡣ
ģҿʲô˪Ȼû
֮һƬ֮ɫ⣬Ī˪ī룬Ҫһս
ôܣīǣɱκһ龳֣񣬾Ȼûɱ˪
пһһ
һ㵵ĿУ߿еı˪ҡҡλΣȫһı˪֮Уؿڴ˿Ҳڱ˪֮Ķ֮£˲̡
սܵı˪Ϊʵسīͺһ漴һɣԳԶеһѩɽȥͷҲء
쿴˪սֱˣ
־һ
ϷҹˣһҲ־ϲĿࡣ
֮սУ˳ڵѪɱһ˪Ȼûսʤī룬ȡǣδǱҲСҪ˶ã˪ͻʱī뻹ǷĶ֣Ͳһˣ
ҹ侲طš
ȷ
ڱ˪˵ⳡ֮սУɹѪջ϶ԣȻ޹أֵһˡ
һת۵Ĺ򣬱˪ΰӰ˵֮ʧ١˷׷תͷɽ֮УƴѰ׵Ӱ
ͻأġ
һըױ죬ԭޱȣī룬Ȼһ͵̱ڵأѪ̱֫Ϣٵ״̬˺֮ǰһ˱˪ʱģ
һĻڳһ˵ȣȫȻһ
֣īȻѾ;ƿˣΪػޣαװղű˪Ҫѡս˭ʤ˭һ
־겻ѡ
˲ϢսԶĥ͸ʤ˳ԡ
̫ˣһī뻹Ǳ˪ûֹѰˣ
Ϸڵһʱ件ȸԾŶҹ֣ɰҪҵֽ֣ӷϴ
ҹһЦͷһֱӽϷϵĸ֮У֣ˣ
ϷҲҹʱӰһӣΪһ⣬ֱ̳ɽ֮С
ߣҲȥ
֣ǣ
֡񡢶ҹҲ׷׶һ̲ͣسɽ֮УɢѰ׵䡣
Ƹׯһۣ׷׳ŲԶɫǷɱȥ
죬Ҳ֪ʦôˣ
ׯɫϾһ·ɱǰӰǷ϶ʶɺѪʱɵõһȵס
⣬ʦƺ״ǳΣգ
Ƹ߾һæӻͳһö鵤׼£ϧһ̣ƸεǣҪɫǣιҩһܵ顣
ô죬ʦΣڵϦȴԮҪˣͲˣ
Ƹһ̼ׯ
ׯҧҧʱվֻкˣһа취
ͬʱɽȶһߵ·Եˣһ㵵ǰһĻһʱĿ࣬Խ
ʦ֣Ȼϣ˪īȻܾˣȫɥʧս
һȧǼߵ˷ܵش궯˫֣Ҫɱī룬ȡĹе챦׾ˡ
һ׳ΪȻص˵ͷûʵϣīıˣһɶõıҪܹռΪУһƣ
һЦⰻȻ
ī龳ޣıˣޱ󣬱ضá
ǺһˣīıȫΪУôһĻԵˡ
ҪĹ֮УŸ챦Ǿ͸ˣ
ʦ֣ҿǻ̶֣նɱīգҶЩȲˣ
ȧǼߵߴһ
һ׳꣬Ҳͬص˵ͷ

˭룬һЦҡͷīƶˣҪóȻһ֮£ȦסԣǱҪڰһϢ٣ԵɥȪװǣҲл룡
ȫͷʾͬ


735 ޽
ХɽеոһĪѹָУɽ֮⣬˫УһֱӴٻһһɳľ޽
޽죬Ϣңз񣬴ƣ˳Ծǣ޽ȻɢһķѹȻһʥ
ĹźңΪףЩĵһܸ񣬹Ӳдػ
Ϊ˸𣬺ҳϲϧһʥʹϣгһգܹ컯ɾн׸
ܹɹôһͷ󻼣
Ͼ컯ɾУû֪˭µ֣Ҳû˿׷ΡһóѣôĹźҴӽʼԴнҲŽ𽣶ɫ¡
Ȼˣʥ֣꿡徺Ҳиʱ룬ԵҲֵ
˿̣սеʥڵԪҲƵط
ʦ֣ʥ֣ȫһ˵ܹͷһϢīһնɱˣ
ȧǼߵ겻źۼƨʱɾ¾龳ֵˣ꿡壬˭ܹᲢۣ
ǣǡ
һ׳һЦֻҪ˳ɱī룬ùشӽ󣬺ʦֵݵλΪһɳ죬ͬ꿡ܹ󼰵Ĵڣ

ɫƽר־ڵɱеľ޽ţ죬⴦է֣ƺѾЩȲҪѪҺĸо
ͬʱټɽ֮УϷ֡ҹˣһƴշתŲţĸˣɢĸλһҽƴ׵䡣
Ȼټɽ֮УɳӻɳӣһõĲݣһõʯͷûУһˡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһĻңзᡣ
µ״ʮа˾Ѿһ̲ɳɥȪ
ϷǼ񣬶Ըʵԣֵܲ磬ƴѲɽеÿһɳŻ漣֡
һյĹ֮Ϸֵ˾еˣԭĵΪһܹ׻ͷʼҡ
ٿء
ͣ
ֻһ̶ƿĤһĽâֱƳգɽȺĵش񱩵ʥÿռ𵴣˻ɽеϷҹˣȫȻһ׷̧ͷѭȥ
ʲô˶ڰʩչɱУ
ϣӿֳһĨ㵡
̶ֳȵʥӦڴ˵еʥ
ϷȻһ˫Ϊ֮һһӵʥļһڰжûдĻӦþǺˣ
һ뵽ǿ°ҺϷŭ죬޲ǰȥǧС
һǸ飡ǻɻҲʶ
ĿԶɽΧӰɵҧгݡ
͡
ڣ̺ŰʥĽâԻƳգ̱ڵصīȥ
ৡ
ʱϷ֣Ƕҹһȫī롣
ȻδϷˣһĿϢٵī룡
䡭һһ̣ҽһĻˡȫһĽâֱīīףһǵ˿ڣīı֮ϣɺѪӿȪīһһ
ɽ֮⣬ŲȻеī룬ˣɵĻŭţһϲЦտЦ
̫ˣͷīһϢˣҪģǾ콫ɱʡָԪٸһ
ȧǼߵһЦ
һһɸ߾޽һߣڱɱī룬᱾ˣ
ݣݣݣ
ʱӰһɳ죬һűֱָһϢī롣

ʦһߣҪΡ
ʱһͻ׹ϵ쳹ϡ
ׯֵһʱжϡ
ʲôʦһߣ
ϷɵþһʱɫǺ죬ȫ𣬾ֱɽ֮Ӷȥ
߿еӰһɫϣأתͷѭȥ
ʦ֣㿴ǽɽһׯƸߣû뵽Сӻû
ȧǼߵĺҵ
΢΢ԶգһɱϯСӣһΪ޳֮ɥأû뵽ǵûɥҵ˰֣ɽоȳ
Ŀ⣬ڵһʱ۽ϷϣһЦ


736 Ѫ
Ϸİ
Ϸһ𣬹ĹźңЩûĹź塣˵ֻҪ׵ѣͶǺжд̣޲ý̻ң
ǻɽһϷ
ѹ˸ˣԭׯƸ˰֣
Ե꣬ڿϷĵһʱ䣬ȫ
ʦ֣ϷǷ֮˻ɽһ罫ʹϷɱˣ
ȧǼߵɫһ䣬
һ׳꣬Ҳ΢΢ͷ
һЦɽһϷôʵ˵ҸŽ壬һϷǸСϺףƲʲô
˵ţĿ⣬תƵīӴϣҪնɱī룬ȡرϷһˣȲùܣǶȡرٽɽһһ򾡣ȻѴ֮

ҵӷ׷׵ͷǣһΨհ
ݣݣݣ
ʱӰֱīԡ
˺һٽɱ
΢΢˫еľ޽죬һӿ糱ʥֱӽīУѹȵī붯á
ɱ
ɱ
ҵӣһŭһȫԪĵŴʥɱ졣
ܹҸ߲ѡУ뺫һ𣬲컯ɾԵǻĹźҵ̳еķҲͬѰǴʥ

ʱĵ⽣Ӱֱī֣ƿ籩꣬ŽҪīī׽⽴
īϢ٣ãƾĽâϣһƬƬȴСļӲīףϵѪˮ顣
ء
ī΢΢˫ͫĮϰС𣬺з䲻ʵĵͺ
ʦ֣ν֮ͷīȫīףˣǵĹҪһɱס磬ҳǰȥⲫһͷ­֮У
Ľ׳ĺҵӧīȫ鲼īףҪɱףΨͷǲλûīףһᴩ
ãʦܣԡ
ЦŵͷҪֽǣ
ʦ֣͵ҵĺϢգ׳ĺҵһЦʱ𣬾ֱī˶ȥӥãеһʥâ㣬µգʥֶ£ϫˡ
ϡ
ֻһʯıʥīͷײƻײҰ
úҵŵǣеĴʥȻδܴīͷǣ˻ֶɣ
˵һɱīˣ
ʲôôʥȻ޷Ʒ龳ī룬δҲֲ̫˰գ
Ľ׳ĺҵӣһֵؾӴķѪ쭡
𡭡
ٿأīͷһһѪ۶ɵѪӿֱŰеĺҵȥ
⧲֮£ҵʩչֻܲüҪҺһžֱһڴСѪǰ
ۡ
ͷһɺѪĽ˶ĺҵӣһֻߵķݣֱӸ߿׹
ʦܣ
ȧǼߵĺҵӣһԾʱܴĺҵӸ뻳С
ģû뵽ɱһͷϢٵī룬Ȼѣһпܽȥ
ɫ԰ֽī񣬳һĨԹ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ʥսˣǣһͷ龳ī룬ȻҴ⡣
īϢ٣һʩչʲôܹ˸һɱ
龳īԣ꣬ͬһС
ʦ֣Բû˳նɱī룡
̷һö鵤֮󣬽׳ĺҵĵת֮޸ƣ첽ǰ˺ǰǸ
ͷذ˰֣ī֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
ʦ֣īղǻعⷵգŵԷңĹ˵ɲҪȻʦҲ
ȧǼߵĺҵӵһЦҪʦԳ֣ľΪʥһīͷǣɱ
ҡͷīȫºëͷī룬龳ޣǼߣղûнʦɱ˵ûʵ
һ٣ҵͶľĿ⣬ī֪֮Увңԣһ¶棬˵һҲšҪóȻǰû׼īͻһٽɱ
һͷ龳ޣѾϢ٣Ȼɴ⡣
īǰ˾ͺֻϣޱСޱ
ֻĥˣȧǼߵĺҵӣһԸǰⲫ޿κεҡͷ̾Ϣ


737 
һЦʵǸûбҪգ
δ䣬ҵӣ׷תͷһźе㲻׺˼
ȫΧɱī룬һǷǵˣԲѴ֮īĵơ
תͷֱĿͶɽ֮һˡ
Ϸ
ѭźĿ⳯ɽ֮ȥؿϷһˣʱҵȫһһЦ
ߣȥϷ꣬Ϸ֪ôΪЭŽҵҼԹɺһ㣡
һˣʱһԾֱɽ֮˶ȥ
ҵӺɣ
ɽ֮⣬Ϸ̵̻ׯƸߵǰ
쿴ʦôѪѾ˯ɫ֮УôҲѣ
Ⱦʦðɣ
ׯƸߣһϷʱˮ˿˾һ

Ϸһʱ첽ǰϸ̽һɫǡ
ټɫǣâɺѪӰǵķ϶֮ʶѹѹһƬĿġ
ÿ
Ϸһæһӻͳҩ֮дɷĩ״ţͷųһ˿˿Ԫҩĩֱɫ֮͸ȥ
ϸҩĩɢӨӨΣһӿɫ֮УͿٵɢ俪Ưڿ֮С
ĺĩ״ҩۣһֻֻөһ㣬ɿڡ
ܿ죬԰ֽϣ㸡ֳһĨĺΣҲǿ
ڸķĩϷ£˿ڴ뵣ҩ˱ǣƬ̣Ѫ˿ڣȫˡ
ϷƸߡׯһվһԣϰֱġ
ԼĪһյĹ֮󣬰޹ɫ֮ϣ𽥸ֳһӫ⣬ɫǿʼһһϣָЩ
쿴ʦƺָ˲٣
Ƹ߾һ־ϲ
ɢŵεɫǣׯҲһȻЦ⡣
ɫһУ񰵵޹ɫǣָĿΣȻҲ֤ƣźõķչ
̫ˣʦںתˣˣ
Ϸ³һҪûҶ֪Ҫλȥ
ҡҡͷϷתͷ̳ɽȣʱׯƸһˣȫػãԲܳһأ
һҪȫѰ֣Ϸһ֣ء
ׯƸߵӦŵз档
˭룬ʱ
һɽİƣֱϷֶư磬糱ѹȵ˴Ϣá
ãǺ
ׯʶ񣬵תͷȥڷӶɵһ
Ƹ߽ҧأŭⷭӿ

Ϸͦǹ˫磬ֱĺԪڣɱ졣
ӴɽС֣þò
Ϸ˶ɵĿֲ񣬲ĮһЦ֮ǰûʲô仯ôá
ϷϢһϣҪǰȴǱƸׯһס⺫Ϊ׺ݣҿǽֵǼһԸգ
ׯ
ϷһбźԸĹźҵɥȮҵǹƥ㹻ˣ
һ٣Ϸȭͷֱ죬ڵһӿ㲻֪ߵغ񣬸˺ҵŮˣգұҪѪծѪ׷Ī
˵ţϷӿϷĴ߶֮£ֱ۳һһֱȥ
С
Цо޽һһɰʥʱϯ£һĽâ
ֻһ죬۶ɵķֱӱһɢ
ɢ䣬һ꣬Ժ
ϷһΣɺѪˮе㲻Լ۾ʲôҵı𣬾Ȼһɢˣ
ɢϷҺ򺫸Ҳһ˿֮ɫ
Ǻǣ֪֮Ĳ˰ɣ
Ϸһı飬ʼ磬֮䣬ϵĲ࣬ǵ蹵һεĴڡ
ڲɱ㣬ʵϣֻҪܹһҪһῼǷһ·
Ƶ
ϷŭһӻͳһʥǰҪ뺫ƴޣС֣ûɽһ׾ٵذգҶҪң⽴
ŭһϷһ׷ɵĻǣʱӿϷеĴʥ֮ϣϷӣҲڳ֮Уƻ١


738 ˫ȭ
ɱ
Ϸһʩչ⣬뽣϶Ϊһ˲仯Ϊһ⣬ֱƳգźȥ
ֲĽ⣬ԵҵӾɫһ䣬׷˱ᡣ
ֳʥĺǵĮһЦһĵŷ˶Ϸо޽͵һ͵ذεضϷսһ
ϣϣϣϣϣϣϣ
ʱϵĽĤŽ䣬ɽ֮ɳʯɣ˻
ҵӣһгŸ߿еսһĨȻЦ⡣
ׯƸߣһϾػɫԱߣȫ裬и

һյĹȫԡڻ֮еϷǴصˤ֮ϣ̳һƬ
ۡ
ϷѪ۵һһɺѪ򺫸֮УһĨ˼顣
㡭Ԫôۻ֮ࣿ
Ϸҡͷԣ򺫸ǿһֻι
ʲŵս֮УϷ뺫ƴս˵Ѿ㾡ȫΪľǾ콫նɱӶױѩޣ˭룬ںǰϷȻһǶͯ׳ͲһεĴڡ
ҪϷƾ𣬿֧ţҲôá
Ϊɽһ𣬾Ȼܹȫ·״̬£֧ôãҵСˣ
һЦͦţܿϧǰǾΪǷ˲ֹһǰ㡣ԣҪɱңǳ˵Ρ
һ٣Ӱһӣֱɫǡ
ƸׯȻһ׷׻зҪ

˭룬о޽һһɰϯֱӽƸׯ˸Ʒ˳ȥǣ̤벽Ԫ磬ʥ߾磬Ҳֻһ֮ЩϺзҲδЩ֪
˵ţ͵һţ̤ɫ֮ϣ۹ϷֱϷ뿴һŲȱɫǣͿҿͷȻ˳ӦҵҪΨհ
ʲôʥ߾磬ֻһ֮ңˣϷһźԼ۾û뵽컯ɾ֮󣬽֮죬Ȼ׻Ҫһ̤ʥ߾磬Ϊʥ
ס֣
Ϸһ֧վŭźҧгݵҪǸ˺һ£Ҷ׷Ī
һ٣Ϸ͵쳤Хһ˿٣졣ȫµľѪȫȼ
֪֮ͽĪǻҪս
һĵϷĮ
Ϸ޿ֵźǿһͷ׵ĸ
һߣ̳ɽ֮У֡ҹˣƴ׵ʬ͵ϷŭХ׷̧ͷѭȥϷȫԡѪ֮Уˣʱͫһ
ã뺫ǸСִˣ֮ϸֳһĨŭ֮ɫ
ֵܣҶҪǧУҹҧгݡ
ҪǺ֣Ҳ䲻ģͶֵͷ­
񱬺һһȵس𣬳ɽ֮Ӷȥ
Ƕҹһٻ˳ٳɽ֮ⷭɶȥ
ǽ
ֵͺһֱͳһ޴Ĺǽ׼սȦȻɳʯ֮еһƬ˷ֵע
ףֵɫۣ
ǰһ͵طǰһѽУϸĦţ֮մȾ׵Ϣ־ûϴ
籩ɽ֮һʯͷûУҪ˵ˣûжϴһڸ
һϲǽ뻳Уһһɰʱϯɳ
ҵһƬ÷ֶһ˿ϣ
ݣݣ
ͬʱ붫ҹɣֱϷǰ֣Կû
֣û°ɣ
һʥҹֳָһͶϷ꺮ů
ৣ
ʱҵӵĿ⣬ȫ붫ҹˣ׷׵һ࿩һ
ʲôϷȻɲ塢ĹŶټҵһ𣿡
ˣû뵽Ϸа֣ӣߵˣ
ҵӷ׷׾
֮ǰ˽컯ɾʱȽ磬֪סϷҹ֣֡һС顣
񣬿ϷԵ֣ҲǳԾС
΢֮󣬺֮Ͼ͸һĨĮЦ⣬ң֪ĴģãҽսЩһ򾡣


739 ˾
ʲôҪǸһ򾡣
һЦƲסͷЦ
ҹһĿ¶źΪм
Ȼ˵ʵǿһֱѹԼľΪУǰéĴڣǣҪһ֮⼧ϷҹδЩ
ϷûЦ෴ɫǳϾ
֣֡
ϷǧҪС⺫ӵ񣬾ʥ߾磬ֻһ֮ңҪ߳üС硣⣬⺫УһʥΪֲ
붫ҹɵɫһ䣬򺫸񣬶һ˿ء
⺫ȻҪΪʥˣѹŰ衢ĿˣԭҪΪʥˣ
ӾȻҽɲ岻ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ҹһЩмңһΪжô˲ԭһʥ֡Ȼ˵ڷ棬ҪǸ߳һأֱȫֵһˡ
һ٣ҹһеĸϵţ뵡
ȷڳϷҹˣȻûʥ׵ȴһʥڣС
һʥ͸ҲϷҹ˷Уʵϣǰƨǡ
ֵǣ֣
ͺһеĴʥҪʹɱ֡ʱһɹɰϯ£ͷźӿȥ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣһɫǵĽҲ΢΢ʱټɫֱӱȵ֮Уɫ֮ϣҲǳ֩ƵѺۡ
ʱϷ񡢶ҹˣȫһ٣һֵ̿ź
˭ٸǰһҾͽϷ˸ɱ
һ޿ֵһЦҹԹԷ·־ܡĻһǾͽһʵʬ塣ʱ򣬱ûǣ
ϷƤһֱţ־ͳһŮҪЮˣʲôӢۺú
ԣһЦҡͷԵЦһ°ܽʲôʸ̸˵ˣϲѹˣ㲻Ҳûã
ϷϢһϡ
ҪģûôҪģȻΪܣΪ١
еĴʥȫⱬ٣һս񣬲ȴǲǰһºʹɱ֣ɱ
ϷˣϷ÷Բܰˡ
޳ܵɥȮԶô񣡡
޵ҧгݣ壬޲ǰȥ̻
ٷϻǵˣԶ㣬Ļ顣
о޽һɽİʥʱϯԶƸׯȫ󳷣Ѫ
֣֡
Ϸһεż붫ҹ
붫ҹһۣн΢΢ͷź˵ɣʲôֻҪܹӦģһܾ
Եҵʹһ񣬵ʱҵӷ׷ǰеĴʥɫ֮ϣֻҪһķ紵ݶʹɱ֡
ಣ
ӰһӣֱϷҹ˵ǰһãʹ죡ȻԸϣôҲΪǡھĨȥԱеѪ֮񣬽ȫ׸ңȻԵˡ
һЦ̿С֣쿪ˣҪȡӵķã
δ䣬ȫɱڵļ񣬺һսһ˺ͬʱȫԡ֮еϷҲǲӥһ㣬˺
Ϸһһңҿȫй
Ǽ񣬻Ϸս˼磬ŲϵԹԷ·־ܡ
ǵܾԮװɥ

һ̸δɣ֣üͷһ壬еʥӭǰȥ
ʱһɿֲʥֶ£ÿռ𵴣˻Ϸ뼧ξǾһΡ
ɱ
ɱͬʱԶҵӣһƴػеĴʥɫȥ
ֻĽɫ͵һ𵴣סâĹԭָЩı⣬Ҳһ˲ɢ
ס֣
ҹۼֿ죬ֶɣһ㣬һΪҵӷӦͽ˸廨ӡ
ãˣ
ʦ֣
ҵӣһŴʥƳ죬˭룬ת֮䣬ͱһӣãʱʧ룬
ȥɣ
ҹֳһʥͺһ͵طǰһֱҵӵš
͡
ҵӣʱͷһѪΪֽű֮ʣֻƴδüͷԪ۳һ֣ͱҹĴʥš
ţҹһתɢŰʥĴʥ˲䶴ҵӵͷ­
һᴩ
ɢ

̼䣬ҵ꿡壬̱Ѫ֮Уһغ
㶨ˣ
ҹ֣һУֱӽ֮Уţһӣһεϯ£ֱӽʥС


740 
ס֣
ͻһĻ뺫Уһѽѣ
ҹһźһɥɫһղŲǺܲô»ҪǸһôһ˾ζΣ
Ϣһϡ
Ϸ뼧һЦ͵طǰŴʥȫɱһʱ䣬ֽطʩչԲǧɵĿռʱ𵴣һռϯ
ȫֵżĹƣɲ壬ȻΪȺ˼С磬ǹ糱ɱڣԲݵ

Ϸ׼һ϶ֱһк߷˳ȥ
ۡ
ϢһϣʱһֻߵķݣӸ߿׹
һ𣬸Ƥ֮ϣأԲϵȼţʱһɹεʹӿͷ
ٺ٣ҵıһУƹ֮һ㣬ֱȼճɻҽŻɢ
ϷһŽ߷ɣʱһ
ȣ
ɫһ͵ش߶ʥʱһɰʥϯ£Ӳ
ţԪڣת֮䣬֮ϣù⻬ƽ
ʲôҵı𣬾Ȼʥˣ
Ϸͫһ
еĴʥһ򺫸
ںǺ֮ǣҲԣͲ̽ҡ

͵һʥһ޾ʥϯ죬һɰ˳ϯ˻
һֱӱƷ˳ȥòײסӣ֣Сֻ֣ʥѹˣǳֿȭⲫҲһͷ
ϯ죬ȫ£ԪڣһƬɢŨҷҶƬӺ֮Ưԡ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣϷ񣬻ǶҹƸߡׯȫһ㵵̧ͷĿתضźǰҶƬ
ģҿʲôǹҶƬÿֲ
Ī⺫Ҫ̷ҶƬһٳʥ磿
Ƹׯȫһ㵣۷׷ס
⣬ҪһˣȻ˲Ϣļս֮У̷ҶƬ
ҹɵƤһҶƬ֮У̺żΪ񱩵ҩһױ񺫸϶Ҫʥˣ
УԲúóѣ
񱬺һ
ݣݣݣ
ʱϷҹˣֱΪ⣬ź˶
ȣ
޶ã͵ſһʱ̺ŰҶƬֱӱС
ʥ𵴣޾ʥһ㣬˷ϯȥʥе飬ƺӳ˯оѹһصĺХһʱ䣬رɫռ˻ʥΪģԲǧɵĿռȫҹĵҪ˺ѿ
¡¡¡¡
ϷҹˣһʱѪӿ̶֮Уٲά裡
໡
ǿ̷ҶƬƤǡȫ¯֮Уȼ񱩵ҩͣع뺫ڣһͷͷˮޣϵĥúʹȥ
谭ںǰƿҲһ˲鿪
¡¡
һʱ䣬رɫ̹֮ϣ޾ĽƷɿ֮䣬󣬿Х
ãҪͻƣΪʥˣ
ģҪú˳ͻƣΪʥҪԸǧˣ
ʲôͻƣȻ׽٣ƾǿгʥǴŭˣ
ϷҹˣһϢһϣɫ䡣
ת֮䣬һŨ۶ɣͷֶ£ѹѹĺѹ˵ͷ˷ѹ֣Ϣܣ
죬ˣ
Ҫǲܲ׽ٻУôǶҪᣡ
񱬺һ׹
ʱϷҹ׷׵ɶ𣬶Ƹׯ̧ɫǣڽƳֵĵһʱ䣬Զ߸߷ɡ
¡¡
֮ϣ׽ٹɣ죬һսһ㣬԰̬ſֲ׽١
ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УƴɳѰ׵Ӱٿأһ㵵̧ͷ֮ѹѹĽƣΪ֮һ
Ȼ׽٣
֮ϣһĨŨŨ֮ɫĪҪΪʥˣ
Х̳졣
һת۵ĹϷҹˣʮ￪ĵطĿתźһȫᵽɤ۵λãš
Ըֱ֣ӱ׽ٸʡǶ֣
֣


741 
ǿ̷ҶƬͼʥ׽٣֪мɰܹʥ
Ϸ΢΢ϰֱġ
ǿ̷ҶƬûбѾߴˣ񣬺ңҪԿ׽٣Ʊطǳѣ
ҹһƽشţ⺫һ׽֮䣡
ڳһ˵ȣȫ۷׷ףһĿ۽ն׷ɵĺϡ
¡¡
ڣĿ֮£һ׽ٴˮͰϸƳ죬͵سźҶ¡
ȣ
һһɰϯעȭ֮ϣ͵ӭǰȥ
һһ׽٣ֱӱ絭һȭɢˡ
һĻϷҹ˵Ŀ֮УɵȻһԼ۾
ģҿʲôȻƮƮһȭͺһ׽٣
ׯϢһϡ
ǿ̷˹ҶƬ֮˵ʵ˾ɱ䣬ҪȻҲֻһȭͺ׽٣
񰵰ľ׽ٵԲѰܹĴڡȻһȭͺˡ
ò˵̷˹ҶƬ֮󣬺Ϊһֲĳ̶ȡ
ߣٲŸոտʼҵжһκҪɹ٣ͬѰ

δ䣬յĽ֮У׹⡢һתγһ޴Уͬʱ԰ټƵĽףҲƵسźϯ¡
ͻһĻϷҹˣȫȻһܵϢһϣɫ䡣
ģҿʲô԰ټƵĽͬʱ£
ׯĿ࣬Ҫˣ
ã
˭룬˾㵵ĿУ߿еĺͷЦȫ£߸͹𣬿ϯ졣
¡¡
¡¡
ţŵһĻˡȻ˵ֿֿȭն԰ټƵ׽ٴ䣬Լϣأһ
һĻϷҹˣȫſڽ࣬Ϣһϡ
ģҿʲôȻҪƾӲٵ׽٣
Ƹ߾һĪҪô
޾׽٣ҡΣ𶯣ֲǡ
Ҫ׽֮Уʥ߷۷
ٿأ˫һ
ׯƸߵˣȫһȵż񣬵ȴżĽ˵
׽٣һֻе֮ӣѰʿԪ磬Ҳδܹ٣
񣬺٣Ҫ˳ɹΪʥͱҪ׽֮оϴ񣬶ʥ߷۳רķĻͻ׽֮䣡
ϡ
Ϸҹ˾ǰͷǳں壬׽ҲΪ˽⡣
ׯƸȴľ
໡
߿УƾӲٵ׽٣Ƭ̣ƤѪˮȻǣ߶һֻǽ˫أԴĦʥ߷
˺ѵѪ⣬ڱڵԪ֮Уɿ޸һ˺ѣ˷˾ǣڲϵ޸֮УĽƤĤȻԣɢҫ۵ı⡣
Ȼ׽ٵĴ֮£ǣ˷ԾԵɱ䣡
صɽ֮У̳죬Ÿ߿еĺϢ٣о塣
ণ
ٿأһ̶Ĥ÷һ
ţǵȣ
־һʱѭԶһƬɳ
شأشء
һ˼ʮ׵ɳ֮УϤϤ죬һһ׷Բ棬ʳᣬϵϸɳ䣬¶ɫ
ʱ˫Ź⣬һȣ̫ˣûҲû
ˮץסһݣҲƵǰȥ
ণ
ȫ£˺ۣ޴ʳذһػʲô
ֳǰֻһۣͿ˵Ȼеһͷ­ʱһ
һɫ԰ֽͷ­մȾңͬʬˡɫжϣʣ׵ͷ­
֣
ҵףֲȻһһŨŨı֮ӿͷʱϥһڵأңûס㡭
֣ӻûʲôɥ
˭룬һ̣ҵף͵˫ʱһ׵˫֮бԭɢͷ­һ˲ͱȻ֡
ʲô֣㡭û
һѱһغޣ͵׵ĺȻһ־ϲףԼ۾
ôϣɥȪ𣿡
ûطһۣͺһ͵شɳ֮һԾ޾ĽɫѪĵܿ۳ֽţָȫ


742 ־
Х׺˿٣һУֱӴӴͳһɫۣת˲֮㴩롣
֣ܹ˳ʵ̫ˣ
֮¶һĨϲ֮ɫھֵ֪ͨǣһ˻˵ģ
˵ţ־Ҫףɽ֮Ӷȥ
˭룬׾ԹԵ̧ͷһȵŸ߿ȫɽٵĺͫһʲôڶɽ٣ĪǣѾͻƿ̤ʥ߾磿
̾Ϣһ΢΢ͷ
ϧɽеĺ޷йĻ׽ٵĲĻһ̽նɱ󻼣
ҧҧ׵ϥӻͳ鵤ҩУָһֽ鵤˵ȣȻһ鵤ҩС
֣뵶ȶˣǻ
һϾŷ֣һ˳ɽ٣ƱؽһսұȫսУ
ֻæͷǣֳһ벽ʥĹǽʱػ׵ԡ

ϥһӣ
ͬʱ߿еĺӲؿ԰ټƵ׽ٺңȫ±磬һεʥ߷ʼɿۣγһԡ
һɿ񱩵ķʼںȫ¡֮ۡ
ɽ֮⣬Ϸҹˣȫһ֮ϣ¶һĨɬЦ⡣
ģҿʲôǾǴ˵еķô⺫ʮа˾ǳɹʥ߷򣡡
ׯ
ÿֲķһϢĸܡ⺫ڶɹ׽֮󣬶չʱǵĴΣˣ
Ƹһľɥ֮顣
ٿأҹһλ쿴Ǻڸʲô
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫѭȥ
߿֮Уȫԡɫ֮еĺȻٿŸո۳ɹķʼȫƣ
һʲôĸ
ƣٵľ־֡콵׽٣˵Ѿ
Ѱʿ˵׽٣ȫŹȥܹ˳Ϳɺˡ
˭룬Ȼƣ
൱ڸ־а壬ԣ
¡¡
̼䣬޾Ľƣʼӿ޴֮У׹񱩣ָһ˲䣬һˮͰϸɫ׽٣ʱҲƵسźҶ
ȥ֮ȫǧƵĵ߸ˣͦǹȫ⣬Ƭ֮䣬ͱ޾׹ûˡ
Ψһأɢű⣬ȫֿٵĹơ
֪֮٣ɫ׽ٵıӣҪˣ
ҹǰһƶЦ
˭룬ȴҡҡͷһأҿһ⺫ƣӦ׽٣Ӷʥ߷۳Ϊֲķ
һɹ֮ʵһɳ죬ͬʿ֮гưԣ

δ䣬ϷҹׯˣȫһԼĶ䡣
Ȼ׽ٲǿ󣬿ʼ׽٣
һĻʿˣһĿ࣬Ȼ󲨡
Ѱʿ˵٣Ҫķҩ֮⣬ҪԼ٣Ҫ̫ڱ̬Ļ֮䡣
˭룬񺫸ɽ٣ݵңٲǿΪ񱩵٣
¡¡
֮䣬߷䣬׹죬һ֮У˸εѡ
Ҫг˰գźڶɽ٣Զ߸߷ɣ컯ɾޱߣǺ˳ɽ֮Ҫ׷ɱǣǴ룡
ׯΡΡһ顣
Ϸüͷһ壬һģûɽһսҲͬʿĶԾĶӣ
ң⺫ǿ°ҽնҪ̻ң
Ϸ˫Ѫ
û⺫ǳΪʥҲûʲôµģǽ컯ɾ֮Ҳɱ˲ޣУʥ
񣬼֣ԸһӦǴ´࣡û֮ززĵ
ҹϣо壬־ᶨ
˵öԡ
شŴϴǾǽɽȷҲҪҵϴΪһͶϴ֮ززǵķ񣡡
ϵһеһʥһĨⲻϵţһ㣬Ҫ಻סҪɱѪ
ɱ
ɱ
ׯƸ߱ѪԣΪȥֵܣҲжأӦɱϣ𣡡


743 
ã޼ʵ컯ɾ֮У뵣ľ죬·ص˻Ĺʱضǳɽ룬޺С
һ׸ߵľ޷֮ϣһˣȫΧһͷ벽ʥޡ
һͷǣ벽ʥΪǼӲѹʥóʹ𹥻컯ɾ֮УҲΪ͵ޣһ
ͷǣһ֮УΧˣûʲô֮ͱϢ٣ʬǱ顣
𡭡
֮ʣһ͵һſڣһɱ˳̺ſֲʥ΢մȾ˵Ҫȼճɻҽ
ͻıʣŵ꣬׷˱ܡ
Ψһͷ𷢣һ˫ͫ꣬޾ɫеһڤҹ͵ǰһ̣̺޾ħڤҹ棬ֱӶ˻ǵͷ­
ء
ǲҺһѪˮŽҡ˼£ʱһ̱ڵأƬ֮䣬
գͷ֮ǰȻعⷵգ³˱⧲֮£ЩУ
һֵ꣬ҡͷпš
סڳһڵһʱ䷢ֵ֣꣬ȪʼħڵʽۣٲȻǻȪʼħڵʥӡ
ֳַ꣬ϢƳ꣬ҲһɫĻȪʼħڵĳۣȫǻȪʼħڵĵӡ
ҿк֣ĻҪ˳ɱͷǣҪۡ
˵ûֵʵԶҪûк֣ҲֱӸͷǽа壡ܺ˵ؽɱ
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһ̱ڵصʬ࣬۷׷ף֮ŻЦݡ
ͷһȪʼħڵӣǻȪʼħڵʥӣպգݹһҲͷ
Х΢Щ⣬ֳһ벽ʥǰͽǵı˸˳һöƴСľˣ磬ԡ
ৣʱȪʼħڵĵӣȫĿ۵ö޾֮ϡ
ûԥ㹧ؽ˸ģ׸ֳڤҹĽꡣ
һĻסУһᾪ֡
Ҫ֪Ȫʼħ󣬶ǻȪʼħڵʥӣݵλǸʵһһָŽ塢ɲ쳹Ҳܹԣ·硣
£ȴǶһͬʿмӣԵΪŹ֡
֣ǻǵıˡ
һö벽ʥ޾ˣһ
˿ͫ꣬бһۻǵľˣΪмƲƲ죬ֵ磬öˣʹ͸ˡ
δ䣬꣬ȫĻŭţæعл
ɺֺ񰮣ֵǸм
ֲΪħʥӣʵˣˣź֣Ƕòٻ󣡡
ȪʼħڵĵӣһϲԽ
ð벽ʥ޾ˣǲɶõ䱦˭룬ǰͫ꣬Ȼмһˣ
ò˵ڰħʥӣΪƴ֡
ħ壬棬һֱҪ壬ÿһδսֻˡ񰵺ħϢָ˲ԪҪٶ壬ͼȡļ԰
Ȼδϣħ֣ѾвٵİħֶͨΣʼǱ֮У̽һЩħ壬Լ׼ںƽ֮ʱӦϣ߽
Ȫʼħڣǰħ尵һڰħ塣
񣬰ħʥӽ컯ɾ֮УٲȻҲ컯ɾзһȡԵ
һ棬ҲܾܵնɱһЩ𣬴ӶѪС
¡¡
ٿأԶˣ޾ĽƷɿۼڳ˵עȫ˹ȥ
쿴Ҫɽˣ
û뵽Ȼ컯ɾжɽ٣Ƶƣʥ٣
Ҳ֪ǺηʥȻһ̤ʥ߾磡
ͬ飬һ˫Ź⣬
Ҫ컯ɾҪɹ׽٣컯ɾڴֻҪʥϵʿ֣ͻڤףûܹ⡣
ԣҪʥֻڽ컯ɾ֮ͻơ
˿ͫħʥӣ΢΢˫бһԶ˵ĽƣһĨɱԼէ֣ȻҪɽˣߣһ֮ţ
һˣ˿ͫħʥӣʱһӣ𣬡ߣȥһܹȶɽ٣츳׿֮պǰħҲһСв
ˣȻҪնɱвɱҡ
ħʥ³һһ¶һĨЦ⡣


744 һƽ
Ȫʼħڵļʿȫ΢΢һ
ħʥӣǺôĿһſھҪɱʥ߼ʿ
Ҫ֪ܹ˳컯ɾʿ֮ӣ֮ûһӡ
ңһɹʥ٣ͻʥΪԪ֣ʵ֮ǿһɳ죬ʿʵɱ䣬ȫһεĴڡ
£ǰħʥӣȫδ̤Ԫ磬Ϊʥߡ
Ҫɱʥߣڳ롣
һ뵽ħʥӣܹ׾ٵնɱһͷ벽ʥĻǣڵħڵӣȫûһ˿һԥʱ𣬽󣬾ֱԶ˷Ӷȥ

ɽ֮У̳죬
¡¡¡¡
쳹صľףϵӿϣһʱҡػΡ֮䣬˿裬նһս
ںһɢʱʥϵţ޾ʥϯ糱Ԩ纣Ϊֲ
֮ϣյĽŨ񣬵͵͵ѹУѹ˵Ŀϣ˱ѹ֡
￪ĵطϷҹˣһĿо֡
۶ɵʥԶԶǳԪʿܹӵеģʥĸҲضã
Ƹզྪ̾
⺫һֱѹԼľΪΪ˺˳ʥ߾磬½һͻʥ졣
ҹҧгݣ鲻Խؼ
ٿأ񾪺һ쿴ˣ
ৣʱڳһ˵ȣȫ˫һϾ
쾪֮Уȫԡʱ֮Уͬһսһ㣬쳤Хٿأ͵һԪʼȫ߶ʥ߷
ॣॣ
ʱɢʱʥɿػźһֹĹ켣תţ벻ӿԪ໥ںϣһ̺ſ񱩡ɱ¾ѪϢ͵س𣬾ֱŽƺҶȥ
ͻһĻڳһ˵Ŀ֮УȫΪ֮һ
Ǻʵôǲͬ죬˸εѣ
۶ɵʥƳ죬Ҳ֪ܹʲôƣ
ׯƸȫϢһϣĿ¶ڴ֮ɫ
䡭
һ̣ĿһĻʱڳ˵˫֮СȫͷŶʥһʾһ㣬һ޿ƥеĿֲƣҲƵغյĽ֮С
Ľ֮УһټзɿתǽƵĺģ̺޾־
ĺ֮£Ȼȫһһķѣ
̼䣬յĽƣͷɿɢ֮䣬ָһƬĿȥΨȫԡʱ֮еĺնһ㣬¡
ʲôһȻһƸˣһţ
òɡѰʿ٣̷ƴȫлᲩȡһ˿ȻٲңңƮƮһУͽٸ׺ɢˣǿֲ
˳ɹ٣ľΪ췭ظɱ䣬ҪսʤѶȽˣ
ҹϷׯˣȫɫ࣬ǿŹһ㿴Űĺ
λձ˵ɹ٣ΪԪĸ֣̤龳磬ɾϵͳҲҪƴһս
ŭһ˿٣ȫԪɲĿֲƣϯһͷޡ
ûϷΪΪ֣Ǿ벽
ɱ
ҹͺһһʥֱŸ߿еĺȥ
ݣݣ
ϷǺɣֱǰ
ׯƸ˵е㣬ҲǵĺӣʱһҧҲŷ߿ա
߿Уͺһڣ˵ʱ䣬Ͷ֮䣬ܸһεѹ
ڳɾԪ磬Ϊ˴˵еʥߣ
ңԪ磬ʥһ쾳磬ֱʥ쾳磡
˿٣ƽһɳ飬ҵҪ˭ҽа壡
ĿһӣעʱڷӶӰ֮ϣ΢΢¶һĨм֮ɫǺǣС飬ǺôĹۿ˳ͻƣȻ
ҡͷһЦд߶ʥ߷򣬵ʱһεƣϯÿռ𵴣˻
֮䣬Хɳ죬һɱĸо
ɽ֮Уһ֮ɫضŸ߿һսҽ


745 Ԫ
ģû뵽Ȼ̬ΪԪ֣
ӣֵ֡˵ĴǳΣˣ
ɫ࣬
תͷһȫɣĵףֲЦҡҡͷ
ȻδָΪֻܴ粽룬ػҡĻһڵһʱɱգϷ˵սȦ
ԸָܹĻֵ֡˵״ǳΣ
ֽ˽еĽš
¡¡
ͬʱ߿еĺһһȫɢ޾ʥһɱһ㣬ϷҹӭԣһɱڣĿ¶׹⣬޲ǰȥԷ̻ҡ
Ϸҹ񣡡
ɫϾļˣĿ٬ЦζνʶʱΪܣ˳̤Ԫ磬һٳɾʥ쾳磬û뵽ǼȻûгûܣ˲֪ôͶ
ҡҡͷϷҹ˵Ŀ⣬ͺһͷͷ׵ĸ򣬡ǻûи״޷ҾǼʶһ£֮䲻ԽĲ࣡
һЦӰһΣʱΪһ⣬
޾ʥ̺壬֮еʥ϶Ϊһ̺żΪ񱩵ƣµ⾳ϯ£һöڵƿϯ
ʮּ򵥴ֱھǰ򵥴ֱͨҲζżЧ
ɱ
ɱ
Ϸҹˣ׷׻еĴʥȫӭǰȥ
ׯƸ˷Ӧ޾ʥѹ֮£ֻܹסΣ޷ͷŹ
䡭
˽һĺһöǣӸ߿׹£ӲǿסһĽâһöڵһ㣬Ϸҹˣ˳ȥ
ۡ
ҹҺһǶߵķһ㣬Ʒ˳ȥѪɫ԰ֽ
Ϸȫ֮УȫƬ̣Ҳǲظеʥ̴ֱۣ׹һԡ
Ψƾɲ壬Ӳҧ֧ţ뺫˸ڵأ
ʲôǿȣҵɲȻҪǿһҵĴʥˣ
˿٣ԽսԽľ
ɲ壬ǿȣܹƥǻĹźҵĺδ̤ʥ߾֮ǰҲ޷뼧Ტۡ
˭룬񺫸Ϊʥ쾳֮ǿȣȻһɳ죬Ӳ֣ʥҲǲضá
⣬ȫ£һʱ֮УȻʥ޾ʥ£ƾеĴʥʩչطԶԺɱˡ
෴Ĺڼ˵ȴǼв
ÿһУ̺ſֲʥʥǺƣںʥһʥ糱Ԩ纣ױɽѺ컻գֲ֮
еһʥƴȫҲԵֵӿ糱Ĺ˳
֧Ƭ̣ڱһնһֱۣӸ߿׹
ʲʲôȻͽˣ
ֹۣлҪӣ
ׯƸһɫҰף֮УŨҵľ֮ɫûаս⡣
֮ϣɳʯɢ䣬Ѫ
Ϸҹݺݵһڣҧӵ֮Ԫ΢ĵƬ֮䣬ͻָƣԥٶȳΧ£ںǰһĿɱڡ
ϷǶҹںʥӣԲô׾䡣
֣û°գ
֣ô
Ϸ붫ҹһеؿһֱ۵ļ
˸ļ񣬵ͺһԪӿת֮һֱۣһʱٶȷӶ𣬼սȦģɲ壬ϲԶɱĴڣᱻһССʥ߸ɱ
˵ţѪӿɽȶģҪ컯ɾ֮Уȫһλ棬Ļһʶеͨͷųױ㽫ɱ
ʶ֮Уһܹͨɱʥ߼ĴڣǼı֮
ϧ컯ɾ֮󣬺泹׸ͨҲԴ߶
˵Щ˭ûи֮ҵĵռ֮УŸµһ
Ϸһظпϧ컯ɾ֮УͬʧȥЧ޷߶
컯ɾȫһλ棬ȻϻϷĵռ֮УһҲǽ컯ɾ֮ȫʧȥЧáʶеһͨȻҲʧȥ


746 Ϲ
һ㣬⡣
ͨǷ˼ӳϷͼϵҪ뱾年ͷš
֮УǧϷռеķϻ˶ܹӦõֻҪϷһٻܹʱصͷųڽͷϷһڣڱ硢СУϻȻܹƾڤڤ֮еѪӦ߶
ǣһ컯ɾȫͬˡ
컯ɾųСɾȫǼĴڣĻǴ˵еۣҲӰ쵽һλ档
Ҫ֪ΪɷͨĹرգеۣȫԪľ䣬ããǺ֮СҪ۵Ϊֱܹõһλ棬ôȫԹɽеˣͨɷͨ
˵컯ɾ֮У̵ܹģֻʵ
ҲΪʲôܣ컯ɾһľѻᡣ
һԭΪ컯ɾرڣŵõɵĻԵ
һ컯ɾԶȡرɾ͸߾硣
һԭ򣬾Ϊ컯ɾУΣķһʿֻܹƾΪģԵͬ졣
һУԵĥż档
˵Դӽ컯ɾ֮кϷҹǼףȫ˲ٵԵĥ£ԲС
˵ĥ֮󣬼񡢶ҹպǱӾˣδ
Ǻǣ컯ɾ֮УֻܹƾʵıȡԵÿһʿڣ̲ŷô컯ɾҲʧȥ塣ɽҲѾĻӺˡϾӳ֣ÿһʿǴĸ壬Ǵһ
ζһЦһżϷˣֿ˻
ȷ
Ҫ֮УԺΪҪɱϷҹˣǲܵ顣
ϷǼڶ̲ű֮һͷŶּʥߣΨ·һ
˵ÿһ𣬶ǴѪ˼ϣԣҪɱǧѡ
һͻϹŶĴڣڣӱ߳Ϊ𲢵ĵҲǲܡ
컯ɾ֮Уƾȫͬˡ
컯ɾ֮Уһ꿡壬ֻƾʵıȡԵ
ҲȫƿԼУ
컯ɾ䱦̲ԵͬʱΣķؾһĸأҲһķĹ
ǻĹҵҲ
ߣɲ壬ǲҲװܸ㣡ϢţȫѪĵ𵴣ҡػΡ
ֲƣʵǣȻ뺫Եļơ
жأ޾ֻûлѪɳҹֻŴʥֻŸ硣
ŮˣֵޣΨϷ
Ϸҹˣư磬˵ɱƣ֮ϳһ壬ɽһ㣬źѹȶȥ
Ǻǣû뵽ǻͦӲ
Ϸҹ˵İɱһЦ΢΢̣ϧˣǾΪǿȣǷһأڱʥǰͬݺһεĴڣ
ѾûʲôǼˣͷң
һˣеľ޽ʱһɿֲʥϯʯĿֲ޺ͬʱڵһ޷еʥ϶Ϊһ⻪Ŀ
ãҪɱˣϷüͷһ塣
ģȻǶ𣬾ޣΧɱһͷʥ׾١ǣҪԸʥ쾳ĺȴǧѣ
ҹл̼ҧ⺫ɾԪ֮еʥӦõӦ֣ͷųΪֲƾһʥȫѹǣ
ҪȡʤΨƴһˣ
ҹҧгݡ
ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УֳֹǽѽѵŸ߿һսл̼֡
תͷһڱչеףֲҾ뿪ֻðΪϷҹ
ݣݣݣݣݣ
û˷ֵǣԶˣӰƿնϢسɽȵķͷһˣ𷢷ɣͫ壬Ȼһħʥӡ
Ƭ֮䣬Ӱɽ֮⣬һĿ⾼ضŸ߿ɱڵӰ


747 
λ쿴
һ߿еӰʱϢһϣɫ䣬⼸һȻǺպ𣡡
Ȫʼħڵĵӣ׷׶ȥ庫ҹʱȫ
ǺǻĹźҵʥӺȻΪʥ߾ˣңжϣƺ̤ʥ쾳磬һĴڣ
ҲǷϷǽɽһҹ뼧ҲǻĹҵʥӣһ⣬Ǽɲ壬һָ
ɻ飬ұŽ飬Ĺźȫֵ˭뾹ȻЩ塣⺫Ϸˣȫǳң컯ɾϣƺҪһˣ
ȪʼħڵĵӣϷ˵ȫһ䡣
ħʥӾţĿϷҹƸߡׯ˵תƽˮƺ⼸˸мһˡ
ΨڿʱĿ΢΢һ٣΢ȣƺҲо˼ڲͬҲû̫
ţĿֿ˺һƣ΢΢ҡҡͷƺУ˾֮⣬ͬһǴ
֣ʱû뵽˷˳ɽٵˣǻĹźҵĺ
ң⺫ҪϷҹ˶սزһͻܾˡʱǱ׾ٵ֮ˣ
˷ܵ㵸
ħʥӾһζҡҡͷ⼸ˣȻ츳׿ҪӰ찵ħĴ֣¾޿ܣǷǳɳҲ޿á
˵ţħʥӣĿͶȫ˸ļϣΨɲ壬ǱδһգΣҪնɱ
δ䣬ȪʼħڵĵӣȫϢһϣɵ
û뵽ʥ쾳ĺħʥӶ뷨ۡ
ڻĹҵĶҹڽɽһϷҲֵһᡣ
ΨһðħʥЩȤģֻӵɲֻĹʵļ
ҺŽ岻ڣĻҪ֮ûô򵥣
һܣûп׵Ӱ
Žףŵˣһɾη֮顣Žɲ֣һУ޳ңܹ俹⡣
Ž壿
ħʥӲһһǺǣ˵Žĺպ˵ŽǻĹһʡһϧûлᡣãɲ壬ǿȹ񫡣ɱɲ֮ɱŽ壬һޱ顣
ϢһϣʥӵĿ⣬ǿһֻ̥
һȻڿҪɱŽɲ壡
ֻǴһʥ龳ĸֿ³Ļԭ¡
ǣⰵħʥӣҲֻа벽ԪΪŽ塢ɲȣռƣ̸ɱŽ壿
ٿأȪʼħڵһӾ쿴ˣ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵߿֮С
䡭
ֻһ죬̺޾ʥʥ͵سŶҹϷķ¡
һʱ䣬ҡػΣ˻񱩵ƣƺܹǧ硣
ֵǣƴˣ
ĿֲƣʱһطҪλֵȼվѪһ֮
޷
޷ҹϷʱɣƴȼھѪڷڵѪͷ˳ֱżķϯȥ
ͺһȫԡɽ֮Уһսȫ߶糱Ѫ
ʱҹϷڵľѪȫҵطڼ񷭷ɵ־֮У޾Ԫ۳Ԩ纣糱
𡭡
ڣڽطĴ߶֮£ƬѪٿػûһͷ쳤Хźɱȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲Ĺ򣬸߿еս˲Ϣ䣬ĿϾӡ
̳ɽ֮УֽеĹǽֱţһ˫۾ŻײһĻϰֱġ
䡭
ڣһѵصıռɢÿռ䱬عѡ
еʥǿٵصľ޸׺ݵؽϷ۶ɵѪˣ
ͬʱŭХ죬ʩչ˽һ½⣬ЯŰʥԳϷҹȥ
͡
ֻһ˺Ѱ죬һâֱҹϷһΣ


748 վ
ء
С֡
ҹϷˣѪɫҰףƶߵķһ㣬Ӹ߿׹
ʥѹ֮£ʥ룬ڶҹϷ˵ش
ǶҹϷɢһϢ
УΨмɱȻһҲƵسź˶ȥ

һ̣ĿһĻˡϰ°ȻһΪѪǣǵûشڣڼĴ߶֮£ϰ°ȫӵһ㣬Ѫ̣ҿɳһʱ䣬ȭŷɣÿռ䱬
ϣϣϣϣϣ
ѽѣ˫ѪеĴʥˮ֣ˮɱڡ
һæ߶еʥȫ⡣
صһ°ֱΪһ͵һšȣ˺ı֮ϡ
񱩵ֱӽߵùѣѪ
ʲôҵȫһȻûܶɲγش
ĵ⽣Ӱ⧲֮£ֻƣмܣ֮ϣһĨŵɫ
ɲ壬ϲԶɱʣװϣ
ͷЦЦ͵һ£ϵһֲѪֱӽϢһϣеʥҲֶɡ
ţһıȣŽһ㣬䣬Ѫȫѣýڽڰˡ
ѹȣ
ǧһ֮ʣȫ߶ʥ߷һε˳˷ϯֱӽƷ˳ȥ
ɲ壬ȻҵСˡ
Žаӵļ񣬺һп
ںϣ
նͺһ°ʱΪһ⣬뼧ϰ϶Ϊһ˻ָΣϢ棬ˡ
ղ
ҧϡ
ͬʱ׹ɳ֮еĶҹϷ׷һͳö鵤ҩУʼȫϢת֮Ĺ°ۿӵٶȣ˳
ϷǶҹȫϢ٣սˡ
УٲȻֻʣ¼񣬹һˣӭս
̳ɽ֮У֮ϣ¶һĨ̼֮ɫеĹǽ𵴣ɢһĨĨǵɭȻ⡣
ۿֵһߣȴûа취Ԯʹ࣡
ҧŹսļ񣬰š
ͬʱɽ֮⣬Ȫʼħڵĵӣһզп
ɲ壬ΪĹ֮ǰʮʣȻȫ洦·֮УӲ뺫ͥ񣡡
ϧȻǴ˵еɲ壬ǺҲǻĹҵʥӣǾҷֳΪʥ쾳ĸ֣Ҫɱֻʱˡ
ǺǣȺɱɲ壬һɱ֮붼˷ܣ
Ȫʼħڵĵһ࣬۷׷ס
ԸɲһȫʬһҾͿԽɲһʬ
Ȳش˫֣ɲɵʬһǳǲɶõľƷʬ
ɽϿգսڳ֮Уƾɲ壬ڷ뾳Ϊȫ洦·״£ƴ뺫սš
Х˳̤ʥ쾳ĺӵŷһʥ뼧սױܽѹơ
Ȼ˵޷һҲܺ
սȻû
֣
֣
ҹϷһɫѽѵضŸ߿еսһʹ
ȫԡѪƴսȻ֪սʤǣԴУֻǹģ
߳жأȻսɳҲ
䡭
ڣսһյĹֻһɽѰıֱӱʥ˳ȥ
ۡ
ֱͦͦ׹ɳ֮УȫǷһȻΪһ̲ࡣ
֣
֣ϷҹɵòҺ
ׯƸ߻æǰӻͳ鵤̷¡
ҧأ˫Ѫҧֱ֧һֱ˱ٶ̱ڵء
ҡҲܸСֵġ
ҧгݣ߶һ˿Ҫվս
֣Ѿ޷սˣǿˣ
ׯһɬż
΢΢ҡͷ˫֮У¶һĨᶨ֮ɫҼ߳жǣҲҪվ
δ䣬Ƚһٶ̱ڵءһɴĿĵѪˮӼĿӿ
񣬽ձڡ
УֳһʥĺĿУһĨ֮ɫ


749 ѪծѪ
ϵһһһĽâʱƳգϯ¡
ֲʥɽԨ纣У̶󣬾ٲά衣
죬֣
֣
ׯƸߣƴеķػڼǰ

źǣׯƸߵʵںǰֵһᡣֻҺׯƸ߾Ǳâ˳ȥݺݵصɳ֮УǿѣѪ
գһҲܲ
ϢٵϷҹˣͷЦеʥ
ݣ
ǧһ֮ʣԶɽ֮У͵һ̼䣬Я⣬˺ǰĽâȫֵ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿȥ
֣
Ƿ֣
Ϸҹȫһɬ
ֳˣƾеһ벽ʥҪսʤٲȻ졣
ţǻĹŷҵʥӷô
üͷһбһķ֣ЦããŽǸС֮⣬˶ˡգýһ򾡣Ҳͷ֮
˵ţеʥ͵طһԣʥӿ糱ϯ
һ޿ֵĺֲζһЦǿһֻ׵ĸ˫֮У¶һ˿֮ɫܱǸҲһģʵϣֻһк
ɵ΢΢һ
ϷҹˣҲһؿ֡
ǺǣͶô
˼һʱ뵽һֿԣźҺǸǳˣ㵱ŽЯ֣һĹźңˣ˵ʲôҪֻ
գǹģҲһ

źһɫֲһҡҡͷδҲ̫ˣҷ֣ôҲǻĹŷҵʥӣŻĹŷҵ棬ôģ
ҡҡͷһ¶һĨζЦ⣬Ҵ˷ǰֻҪ㣬ڵˣ
˵ţһΣֱϷҹ˵ԣеĹǽȫػڼֵǰ龯衣
ʲôҵڵˣƾ㣬Ҳҿڳԣ
һЦ̿еʥһһɰʥʱϯ£ҵҪƣʲô죬ܹҽ
ಡ
˭룬ʱһɿֲƣϯ죬һɫӰ𣬾ֱ˺ǰ
쿴ǡ֣
û̫ˣҾּ֪࣬Բɥģ
۹ϴûһĺӽͷˡϴʵҪɱСֱֵ֣
Ÿ߿еİɫӰϷҹˣȫͫһ־ϲ
Ž壬Ȼû
ϲⰡׯƸߣѵشӵϳӣնףȫĿ࣬зŹ⡣
ס
üͷһһ㵵ǰӰһʱɫӣǻ֮Уһɰŭӿ糱Զơ
ף֣ɱĹźңẫЩ»Ĺź壡
ޣ裬ݣ
þò
ȫ£ⱬ䣬һɰѪÿռ𵴣˻ϺһۣûнϾɱһС֣Ĳ˳ʺǿвҵŮˣֵܵŮҲҶ
һ٣ڵɱ⣬ϯ죬÷ƱɫҡػΡ
գұҪѪծѪ׷Ī
ϣ
֮ϣϷҹˣһŸ߿ͬսһףǼӯ
ʲôҪѪծѪ
һЦ鲻ԽЦףƾʵҲ˵ֻ
Һ˳ɹʥ٣Ϊʥ쾳ĸ֣
Уһʥ
ֿȭֻа벽ԪΪҲҽ
Ц׵Ŀ⣬ǿһֻ΢ϡ
һһЦһʥôҲС
δ䣬һʱһ罣׵֮УƳ죬䣬Ȼһʥķ
ʲôҲһʥ
Ŀ࣬أЩԼ۾ܣԲܣ𽣶ĹұҪһءĹҵ𣬶ûʥ𽣶ƽ̣ôʹ͸һʥ
ľ
ԭΪԼھΪ뷨ϣȫռţɱףѹһ򵥡
˭룬׵УȻҲһʥ


750 һ
׵ȻһЦҡͷԵܱǸҵʥƽʹģɱɽʥӵսƷ
ɵüͷһԼĶ䡣
еʥȻԼȡģŸ߲ʹ͵ģ
Ҫ֪еʥǻĹźҵʹġĹźҾϺһ֮Ԫˣرϣܹ컯ɾ֮ջ񣬶ȡԵӶĹźҡ
ԣֱӽһʥʹ
֮£ףٲȻһεĴڡ
еʥǿűʹ͵ġ
ףǿ˫ȭġ
ͣһĿȻ
ãúã
ֱҧɫϣû뵽Ȼɱ˲ɽʥӣҴһһʥ߷򣬳Ϊʥĸ֣֮䣬֮֮𡣡
Цһȫ͵͹𣬿񱩵ϯ׺˿٣˫죬һɿֲɱϯ
ǿֲƣȻѹ˺ʥ
Ž壬ųƻĹŵһʣַܹᲢ۵ģгΪʥߣУȫֵһᡣ
Ц
ϢһϣɢĿֲɱΪ֮һޣŽ壬㲻Ǹ˵СְˣϺһۣʡһܰ㣬ʲôʸҽа壿
컯ɾ֮УȻû˿ɽҵҪΪҷͥ񣡡
ŭ죬ʱȫĵѪһĵʥ糱һϯ
׸ֶ罣ƯǰںƣȫΪ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬ȪʼħڵļӣһĿ࣬һ㵵ס
ģҿʲô˵еŽ壡ÿֲƣ
û뵽ǧһ֮ʣŽɱˡһ˭ʤ˭һţ
˭ʤ˭󶼻ǻȪʼħϣʱһὫŽɲʬ壬ƳɾƷʬ
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһ˷쳣
ڰħʥӣ΢΢һգգضŸ߿еףɫϾ
߿Уϵĺ͵һΣǧⷽԲǧɵĿռ䣬˳ӿֱ׽ɱ
СǴ֮ã
һһ
ϡ
ʱһĽɰǧķƴеʥ׵ϣʱײһ
Ϸҹˣȫһͫ׽
Ȼһ̣˾㵵㷢ˡɰǧ׵ĹȻȫЧ׵ƤĤû˺ѣ˵شˣ
һɵ
ǧ轵Զˣ
һ͵عĵɫѪ¡¡ʱɫһˣеķ̼ķѣһغ
ʲôҵķȻŽȫЧ
ȻһһȫܣĿǰľΪʥΪֲȻֻǧҲһʥܹģŽ岻벽Ԫ磬ôƾ͵סҵĹ
е𾪡
ƽ˷ѷͺһеķȫΪһ塣֮ϣ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
ǸȻֻа벽Ԫ磬Ž壬ǿȣȻʥķҪ˺ңδЩ룡
һЦ׿򺫸ǿһֻ׵ĸ
ҳˣ
ٿأױһʩչŵ֣޾ĽɫѪȫһ۳һ޴Ľɫצźץ£
ȣ
Ҵ⣬æ߶еʥȫֵ
䡭
ֻһı޴Ľɫצֱӽ˴ץ͵߬
ʱɫŤѪ
ʥ˺ѣ
֮£ʱȫ߶ͼѳ
ɱ
սȻ׷ͻĻᣬͺһ罣ʱΪһ⣬ֱźͷ­ȥ
͡
ֻһѪ˺ǧһ֮ʣ㿰ܹҪؿڳȴǳһڴСѪ
ʹ죡С֣ζûϵԼôһɣ
֮ǰˣǺɱУȫ޻֮Ǹǽ
С֣ȻҶҵŮˡ
ϷҹˣһŸ߿еսĻŭţ㵸
ɽ֮⣬Ȫʼħڵļӣȫһɫϡ


751 յ
û뵽ŽսȻ˵ÿֲǰŲһʥ쾳ĺȫѹƣ޷֣
ǵ͹Ž塣һͼɱŽˣ²ôˣ
ԸܹױŽԪĻһǳҪԲСв
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһզ಻ѣ
֡
ݺݵһĭɫϾİħʥӣСʾŽʵԶ㿴һǷҪ֣
ħʥӲһ¶м֮ɫŽ壬ȻʵǿУҲģһҺӲ׽ɱ
кӲİħʥӣһгģȫ׷
촽˼£ֹƬ֮̾Ϣһտڲԡ
Ȼ˵ǻȪʼħڵʥӣڰħʥӺӲǰûʲôȨΨһܹģǷ
ɽϿգ뺫ս˰Ȼ
ȫĵǴӾŵ˿ȫ£ȻڴСѪѪӿ
ҧ֧ţԪһؿڴѪʱָȫ֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫããŽ壬㳹׼ҵѪԣգұ㳢ҵľ
ŭһڣʱðɽ⣬壬Ҳûһâɣǡһ֮£ɿۻ·׭ɶ֮С
ʱ˵ƣֱ˺üΡ
ৡ
ʱϷҹˣȫĿŸ߿еĺһ
ãȻȼձԪںʥ߷ʩչĽطˣ
һΪɱ֣ȻϧȼձԪںʥ߷һ뷨򽫻Ϊһ壬һɱ֣
ȼվѪط׾ܹɱһʥ߼ĴڡҲǳô󣬿ͷ֮󣬺ľΪ᲻ˣʥ죬ֱʥ߶졢һ쾳磡ʧľԪûһӹĻָҲܳ׻ָ
ҹϷˣȫҽ˫ȭ߬һգգ
ΪɱףȻͷų˽طϧɱһǧ˰˰١
ӦԣΪ˹עĽ㣡
Ž壬Ϊɱ㣬ԸȼվԪಫ
ҧгݣɤĴ֮֮УҲûŽ壬ֻҺ֣쳹ء
¡¡¡¡
ֲ˳ÿռ˻𵴣
Ҫƴô
ȫһĺײһһЦãһ乭գ
˵ţһֱӽǹٻ˳
˵һıǹһ֣Ǳ磬ɢһͨ쳹صɽԨ纣
罣Ǻеʥȫһ˲䣬ʧȥ˹ʣ
ʲôǹ
еĽǹɵȻһȫһ¡
֮ǰеһʥԽʮ㡣
˭룬ǰȫһЦ
ףƾնһʥңӵһ
龳ĴܣҪߣ״߶ǹҪһɱףͲôˣ
ˣ
ûв´ӦҪʩչˣ
¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
Ϊֲľһʩչѣɽ飬ֻǲ֪뺫ʤ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬ȪʼħڵĵӣȫһĿ࣬ҽ
ģûпɣŽ壬Ȼǹٻˣ
˷컯ɾе𣬸ǷǺʥӣƴ֣ǣŽԵСˣŽ壬ֻа벽ԪΪȻѾӵһˣ
ŽıǹţĿãǸеεѣң
ȪʼħڵĵӣһɫϾҴ
һ뵽һҪŽɱȪʼħڵĵӣȫ͵һ£¶һĨɬЦ⡣
̫ˣû뵽ŽУһһնɱŽ֮󣬾ܹջһˣ̫ˣ
ħʥӺӲ㵸ػ


752 һ
ڵļȪʼħڵӣȫĿ࣬һ㵵źӲ
˵׼˽ķ˷ǳѹ
Ȼ˵ڳĻȪʼħڵӣȫһе̳츳׿ǣҪսʤӵŽףû̫İա
Ҳظ˵ԼܹսʤŽ塣
˭룬ڰħĺӲȻȫûн׸׼˽ǹǵûһ˿һľ壬ڣĻŭţ㵸
һĻȫɵۡ
ںӲʵҲ˽⣬Ȼ˵Ӳʵˣɲ⣬ûеܹѹŽĵز
Ž壬ųһеĵһˣɲǾҷ
Ӳֻа벽ԪΪȻŽ壿
һŵûչֳ
˼⣬
УסԶʩչѹ׵ľ׼һ
ײһĻһ
¡¡¡¡
ûһյĺȫⱬ䣬Ƴ죬̫һѹĤ֮飬Ҫڵأͷݡ
ȣ
һߣװֱֳͦǹȫѪĵ糱ɽȶΪ֮ĵ
ձСƣŽĴطжôÿֲ
ЦһڵѪƾһк۳һƬ󣬳ⷽԲǧɵĿռ䡣
𡭡
һ̣ԲǧɵĽɫѪʱû׻ȸĴޣצǳͨ쳹ء
ʱϷҹˣȫһ׵У־ϲ
ǲµûֹȻҪʩչˣ֮¶һĨ֮⡣
֪Ľطֵ˭ǿ˭
Ϸҹˣҽ١
Ž壬㲻Ҫٸ翹ˣĸʵʵĽطᲢۣ
һɽ⣬ֱӽȫУԲǧɵĿռ֮ڣ¶ȶȻٶȣ˻ɽֺ׹ҽ¯֮С
յչ֮£ͷ޻󣬾ȻΡΡֿҪơ
ͬʱ޾ʥѹȶ£پ٣ϯ˶ҡΣƷˣֺƷ«έʱͷһغ
Ȼ׵֮Уȴ˸һĨ⣬ᶨ
˫ۣᶨңһڽİƣҲƵϯ
󻯼һ죡
ڣ׻ʱ߿е׻ȸͷ޵Ļ󣬷ɿû۳һ֧ĹǶǹĹ֮ϡ
̼䣬еĹ֮ϣ֧ÿһ֧һͷûɣͨ쳹أɽӱʧɫ·һǧ綼ҪΪ֮
ʲôͷ񣬾Ȼû
ܵɢĿֲƣɵҽ亹졣
ٳɣһһգ׹һ㣬ЯŻصƣֱ׳ײȥ
һҪʵˣȫԱһأ˺գǺ
ǧһ֮ʣϷҹˣȫϢһϣҽ
ȣ
Ϣ͵ؽеĹһ£ָһɣĸʱϯ
𡭡
ড
ˡ
໡
ʱ׻ȸϯǧɵĿռ䣬Ӧѣɽʯľ˲ҷ𣬷׷䡣
㿪

ɽ·ķ֣͵رһһһɰǽϷҹׯƸߡȫǧɿ⡣
˿ֲײһܲ룡
ݣݣݣݣ
էͷ޻ûɵⱬ䣬ЯŻصĿֲƣ˺գ֮ɽӻ±ɫ
˵κһʥ䣡
䡭
Ѱıϯûһյĺ͵ײһ𣬺ƻײ޾ĿռԳ˷Žռ䱬ɽ飬ĩա
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڸ߿Уᵽɤ۵λá
ܡ
ĿĹâ֮УĲҺҵĽطôʧܡ
Ž壬ҾǱɹҲŹ㡭
޾ı롢ʡŭԹһһŭХ׷й
Ȼһ̣䡭һ죬ӣʱĲƬ䡣


753 
žһһ޹ʥӸ߿׹մȾЩɳѪ߰ߡ
Ǻʥ
Ȼ˵Ĺ֮£ȻһغǣʥȴǱ
һЩ֮⣬ʥû񺫸һ顣
Ͼʥʵؼͣǰ벽Ԫףܹġ񺫸ʥȻ֮Ϊ׵սƷ
Хɳ죬ɽ֮УһƬɱ֮⡣ȥ߿֮УΨһͦǹһ㣬ԡڽɫ֮С
ɹˣ˳ɱ˺
ʶڵһʱ侪㵸
ٺ٣ΪŽ壬һоͽСָɱˡ
Ц˵ʹ죡
ˣ
ϷأЩӦѪ꣬һʱаζӣ߳жһ̣ȻӯЩʡ
ׯƸѻȸԾ׵Ŀ⣬ǿһ飬ŨŨĳ羴̾
ڽСָնɱˣ
ն³һ֮¶һĨοЦݣӯռֵŮˣնɱҲǳһڶ
ವһʩչӡֱӴӸ߿ϯ£һУһεֱӽɳ֮еľ޽֮С
֣
֣
ϷҹֵˣһĻŭŵطɱӵԣϲЦտ
֣̫ţˣǺոնɹʥ٣죬һ˭룬Ȼһɱˣ
ҹզп
ûҲģ΢Цŵͷ
Ϸضף촽˼£վʲôû˵ڡֻͨһڵأһǸεף֣ҡЩɴɱҰɣﻹܺЩ
˵ţظ׿ͷ
֡ϷҹˣȫɫһЩԼ۾
ׯƸߣҲĿ࣬кһҪǰϷקȴŲ
Ҫ֪Ϸ˽ɽһԸ°һ֮Уǲɶõ֮ţ˵Ϸ˿ͷˣϷͬʿͷ޿ܣ
˭룬ϷȻĸԸعڵأ׿ͷϴ
ֵ֣ܣ빲ôɱأ
һæǰקϷ
˭룬ϷΪִ֣أԹڵأкᣬ׺֣ʵڲУһٰɣҪȻӽҲûֵˣ
˵ţڵأһδģ
һʱ޲ߣεվԭءæ÷֡ҹ˸顣
֣Ͳؽ黳ˡֶûй˼αˣ
ֿȰο
֣ҼǸˣ˵ʲôĻ֪Ρܣǣ¹ֵֺγܣ

Ϸأһִֵعڵء
֡
΢΢̾Ϣ뵱ȥĹźףһ٣ֵǶ˵ȫڣֵܻϧԼļѣǸʱΪֵܣʲôˣҪĻףȸλֵܿͷˣ
˵ţϥһ䣬Ҫڵء
ŵ÷֡ҹһ£æǰסס
ϷҲɫ䣬ԹԴӵվ첽ǰ׵֣֣ϷֵܣⱲֵˣ
Ϸģ֡ҹˣһЦ
ֵܣϵһԣ⣬ؿɼ
ǡ
ٿأԶɫҡһ£ׯƸ߻æǰ̽飬ʱϲЦտʦˡ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫתͷɫǡ
ɫ΢΢ſһ̬֬Ů˵ǰ
һҹֵˣȫǰһ
ò˵ò绨°ͣǳͦӣС졭κ˼ˣҪȻʧ
ڵشɫվ̬ᣬƻ߳Ůһֳ֮ˡ
ã
ϤݣϷ鲻Խغ
΢΢һ㶣ȵϷӺ󣬵ʱ־ϲ͵ϷĻУһί÷ȭϷţ磬һΪѾˣⱲӣټˡ
ϷĦ˳˿ãˣҷģӽҲ뿪ˣ
С£˵ӵһþò֡
֡ҹˣһƶЦΪϷеˡ
硣
ٿأʲô͵һѽϷƿǸϿӣɽʮգٲߣˡ


754 
һʧģϷɵˬһЦοãšеһУȫˡɽеı˪Ѿ뿪īֻһΪ壡
ɵ΢΢һһ˫ˮƤգţػܣƬ֮󣬷΢΢
ǣأ
͵սϷ֣һ֣ǵĴΣˣ
ŵɷ׵СϷһһЦãѾˣ
˵ţǣ֣׵ǰҸһǵĶˡһΣҪֽͷƴȣѱ籩֮Уһغˡ⣬Ҳնɱģ
һ̧ͷס
»ɽлǰ֮ӽţΪ
˵ţعڵأ
𡣡
һ죬æֵܣͲҪˣ
ɵص˵ͷ׵أԳŨŨĸм֮顣
ãһ¡
Ϸ΢΢һЦף֣ףʼԴǽ𽣶ķŽ壡
δ䣬ɵþʧһ˼ףˣŽ壿
ǸһһէģǷ˿żΪӦ
š΢΢ͷ
Ž壿ģû뵽ҾȻ˴˵еŽ壬Ҹˡ
һϲק׵֣ıϲģϷЩʡ
֣һҡ
ͦͦظߴϷ
Ϸ΢΢һЦָżЦλǻĹżҵʥӼɲ塣Ȼ츳׿ұҲͰ
ɵϢһϣϷ֣Ҳ̫ˣΪʲô֣͸ֿޣһңͷˣ
˵ˣҵ츳ʲôʱһεˣ
һ
֡
Цż񣬹ǷǷӣڼֵƢԣȻһ˿˽⡣
λһǻĹŷҵʥӷ֣һǻĹŶټҵʥӶҹ֮ӣ
Ϸἧ񣬼ܶҹ֡
֣֡
ɵǷ
ض񡣡
ض񡣡
ҹֻæ
˳һöʥ޾ˣһЩ鵤ҩ͸㣬Ҳ㾡ָ
΢΢һЦһУǽһöʥľ˸˳ݸ
ϷŮˣ˵Ҳ׵ĵãһμ棬Ҫɣ
ײƴ֣Ҳ¡
ʲôʥ޾ˣ
б޾ˣɵĿ࣬
ûϵ׾Ȼӵһöʥ޾ˣ󲻵ǣһ֣ͽʥ޾˸ʹ
ʲô
֡ҹˣɵһЦ
Űɡ
Ϸߴһֲƴ֣һöʥ޾ˣ¡
һһ㵵Ϸתͷһףңðɡ
ʥ޾˰ʵ̫ˣν޹»һէСŮӣʲôʸܴ˺
أЩ˵ʲôҲҽ׵ʹ͡
ʥ޾ˣкպĻĹңҲ˵óõóġ
㲻ؾ࣬Ǹһöʥ޾ˣɢʲô㣬Ǹֺ棬Ҳõ˲ٵˮ˵һ
ϷһЦ
ҪǾָˣû£ҲһЩˣȫǸƷʾˣȻȲֵģҲˡ
һͳ˶ʮöˡ
ŵ֣û٣ֻǾ̫ˡ
һ٣˵Ŀ⣬ڹشнӹл
ЦŰ֡
֣ͷҽô׼ɲ׼٣
ЦŴȤ
ˬһЦģҴһĹ˵ţһֱӽʥٻ˳֣ǺʥΪ֮͸㣬Ҳս
ৡ
ʱҹϷֵˣȫһ۵ż
ʲôʥʹ͸ң
΢΢һ㶣һʱжʥɿҧ⣬ʼѪ
һ֡ҹȡ
֮£֮ǰľٶԵÿࡣ
Ҳһʥˡ
ЦƲסؼ


755 ɷħ׷
ʱһһ˼ס
ףȻһ֣ͽһʥʹ͸ˣ
ԭ׿Ϸϣʹ͸һöʥľˣѾоЩܳǣ׷絭ؽһʥʱˡ
ʥΪݹһӵеҲǷëǡûϵһ벽ԪʿȻһ֣ͱ嶼Ҫ£
֣ӵɲ壬֮⣬ĸսΪͻһʥ޵ͬʿ
ˬһЦ
ǣһ󣬲Ƭ֮ǿյҡҡͷףԣȻõһʥͬʿгưԣϴȻ̸޵Уֻǧ϶
˵ţһȻذ̾һɼ褺ĸп
ƲһЦȤ֣Ҳǫ飬˵ûʵһʥڳļֵܣҲҪѷһȻ̤벽Ԫ磬ֵٶȣҪ˶ãܹһ̤ʥ߾磬ʱ֣ͲһεĴˡ
ûֳΪʥ֮󣬼ͿԪº绽ˡ
ҹһζظš
񲻽ϢһϣɫЩѿ촽˼£վûܷ
֡
Ϸüͷһõһʥʵһնɱī룬նĵرɾûˣ
һ˵Ҫնɱī룬붫ҹ׷ǰһ
ҲһԹɡʥϴʹ͸ҵģ޹أԣһն˹֮ıһ
Ĳ󣡡ַһۡ
֣Ҳ̫̰ˣ
ҹû
ʵڲУǾͰϹһ˳նɱī֮սƷҶû˰գ
ۿ붫ҹֿҪϷæԲ
ãֵġ
ϣ¶һĨȻЦ⡣
սƷȻûʲô˵ģ
ҹʾ֧֡
ȻҲûʲô
ͬʱɽ֮һº󷽣ڻȪʼħڵļӣȫĿ࣬ҡ
ҲġŽȻһͽʥ쾳ĺɱˣ
Žʵʵֲ̫ˣȴ֮иҰԵĪ⣡
ӵŽʥֶ֣ùҪɱŽ壬ǧѣ
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһһɾη֮顣
֣Žʵʵֲ̫ˣ뺫һսҲû̫ľԪ㿴ǻҪҪȥɱһֲ
źӲϰֱġ
ڰħʥӺӲ԰ĿˣǿеıǹҲһ˿һĻң£ȴɫ˵һ仰
Žʩչ˺ӲԭгĺӲһ˿֮⡣
ԭΪŽȻӵŽ֣ľΪҲԴ߶ͷų
ûϵŽ壬ȻһܹȫѪ۳ͷ񣬲ƾŽͷųص
ӲһҡͷĿǰΪҪŽӲӲʵǡһĿ꣬ʩչ֮ݡ
ҪɱҲѣֻҪЩ۶ѡ
˵ţתͷˣǼɱȥΧɱŽˣѾ۲ˣڳļˣҲֻŽ廹ս˾Ԫľһǵʵ֮£һʱҲڣлɱ𡣡
δ䣬ȪʼħڵĵӣȫϢһϣɫϡ
ʲôŽս
Žױɱʥ쾳ĺһʼʩǸԿ⣡
ûóȻǰֻ·һ
ȪʼħڵӣһҡͷԣǰҲǽüͷһԡ
صģҲǰװģ
ӲһƣһӣͽһīԼĪһ߳ķ׭˳ԿŸµķ׭ߣư硣
ৡ
ʱȪʼħڵȫĿһһضźӲеķ׭
ŷ׭ɢĿֲƣ˷ܵ촽
ǰħƵɷħ׷ܹ׺ɱʥ߼ʿɱŽ壬׾١
öɷħ׷ͽˣҪŽһɱ
Ӳһ֣ص˵


756 ħƳ
ܹ׺ɱʥߵɷħ׷
ɵǰһæӺӲнӹɷħ׷׭ʱϲЦտֵúϲ£졣
öɷħ׷׭֮£лɱŽ壡
ԭĲˣ̼ʮ㣬ʿǡ
ѹֺӲһֱĿˣԭɷħ׷֡
֣㲻һͬսô
ɷħ׷׭Сպã̧ͷһɻźӲ
ȪʼħڵĵӣҲΪźӲ
ɷħ׷׭˵ʤúܴټϺӲıݻ͸ֵˡ
һһҪ׼ΪȷһʧҪڰͻʩ
ԣһͬսˣ
Ӳɫž޲סΣǶҪŽѪͷǧҪɷħ׷׭
Ȫʼħڵӣ׷׹Ӧŵ
ˣ²˳٣ǸϽְգӲͷذ˰֡
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱȪʼħڵӣ𣬻Ϊһ⣬ֱ׵˵ķ˶ȥ
ĺӲ뽫ǵڻңŽѪӽ˵ô
΢΢۾аҪһȪʼħڰħͳΣƱˣҲŲأ
ŽѪ໹ͷųһԣˣֻҪŽѪŽʩչôͲᱻһɱˡ
ںӲ͸û֮ˡ
ʱ򣬺ӲȻԴҡڵԪľ׸ɱ
Х̳졣
ī龳ޣʵͨ쳹أǵľΪīǰͬһСԣҪնɱī룬ҪСĽĪ֮
΢΢³һеıǹŶĿ⻪ãڵѪûкľ֧ʩչһī״̬Ҫסҵǳѡ㿹ˣҲһߣʱ򣬸λֵܾԴɱ¾
΢΢һЦ׵һȣ𣬳ɽӶȥ
ߣ
Ҳ֪ĹоʲôıȻһͷ龳ī䵱ػޣǺôֱʣ
Ϸҹ֡ˣ׷׽󣬻Ϊһ⣬ԳɽӶȥ
صķĹÿһ˵Уڴ
ɽ֮⣬ڰħʥӺӲ¶һĨаЦ⣬ٺ٣뽫Žնɱ󻼡ȴǸı⡣
Ӳһӻͳһص̴ľУһƬ֮Уɢ̱ǵѪ
ܹŽ²ΪãŽеӰһܹǰħٳ£ʱŽ彫ǰħһ󹦳
Ӳ˫΢΢Сؽ̴ľд򿪣һɴ̱ǵѪʱ
֮УſһѪɫĳӣģЩƣֻצȫѪħ죬Ȼһֻʥ߼ĹƳ档
ڹƳ£ϰССӣٲȻǹƳӳ档
ٺ٣ħƳϲʢѪضŽѪǳ⣬ֻҪҽħƳӳŽ֮УҪ˶ãħƳܹȡŽ߻ǣŽһʬ
һˣӲʱϲЦտдʣȥɣӳ档ȥѰҿɿڸѪҺ
¡
ʱ԰ټƵӳ棬׷״̴ľɿ֮Уɽ֮Ǳȥ
ħƳӳ棬ѪΪʢڡ
Ȼ˵ɽſһͷ龳ī룬ӵһ˿ѪǣųƻĹŵһʵŽȻҪࡣ
ѪƷʣ׵ѪٲȻԶһޣһԣеӳ棬ȫһ̲ͣس׵ķǱȥ
Х׵˵֮£ɽ룬һɣնӸ߿и£ɳ죬糱徰
ôҲûϵѾǧҪھطĹȻǵУΪǵսƷ
ЦȲش˫֣һǾܹùĵر˵һȫܹһͻƣΪʥ߾磡
Ϸҹֵˣȫ˫Ź⣬Ļŭš
ȣ
͵һ䣬һɰʱ±磬ϯ£ֱӽ̳Ʒ˳ȥʱڿ紵֮£ɽȺܿ¶˱Ŀ
ɽ룬ӿݣɳʯתһͷϢٵīڵأȫػŷĹ
Ÿ߿ϯµİƣ΢΢˫صͺһ


757 ͨ
һߵī룬֡ҹϷˣȫϲЦտһĦȭƣԾԾԡ
īֻʣһˣһǧѷĻᰡ
ְ֣գѾȲҪѰҷĹеıˣ
붫ҹ׷״ߴ
һҲ֣ͺһеıǹ𵴣ɢʥɽһ㣬ͷѹȶ£ͬʱɫѪӿ糱Ԩ纣糱ҡػΣ˻
𡭡
׵İɱڵصī룬˿һɤ֮дݳһɲ֮顣
ͬʱһӿ׵Ժ֮С
ɫһ䣬˫Ϊ֮һеĶҲ͵ͣʲôīȻͶˣԸ⽫Ĺеıȫ׸ǣֻһ
īײɵһЩԼĶ䡣
֣ôˣ
֣ʲôˣ
ۿͻȻͣ¹ƣɫŹ֣Ϸҹ˷׷׳ѯʡ
׵īһһʮظ֪λֵܡ
֡ҹϷˣȫһ۷׷ס
ʲô龳ī룬ȻͶˣжйŹ֣֮ǰ˪Ϯī붼粽ãȺСͶ
¶һĨɵɫ
֣ղʱνʶʱΪܣīһϢ䱻նɱͶϡ˵һֶΪ
ҹƽطϾ龳磬Ǻ壬Ϊףǳϧ
Ϸͷ
֣СǸȦף
еʥɫؾռƣīû̸ʱֻҪʹɱ֣ĹеıȫǵսƷڣͷīʬ塢ˣҲΪǵսƷǸûбҪ
˵ˣһīµһȦףóȻӦֻˡν֮ͷīȻϢ٣һߣû׼ʲôɱû
ϡ
΢΢ͷüͷ΢塣
𡭡
ɽ֮УīƺҲܵ׵˵ԥһԺ֮УͬʱСɽ㽡˶ڵأԴһΣͷһǵʱɶ𣬾ֱ׵ķϯ
ͻһĻŵ÷֡ϷȻһ
Һ׷ӦѸһӣһɴǽǸ֮УǣīΪ˱ģǷ׸ҡ
δ䣬֡ϷҹˣȫĿ࣬Ϣһϡ
ī룬ȻǸ׸ף
ģûգīȻǸ׳ˣ
ҡͷԣһҪ֪ÿһͷᣬܹǵģǣΨѪᣬܹī뽫Ƿ˳պīڵѪпܳɢڣΪˣ
ײɵһ
ϴǿһѵõı̺īıѪõպҩǲɶõı
һпͣش˫֣Ľѡ
У̺īھıԴѪ
żĽͣײ΢΢һǵЩ΢΢û뵽ǾȻ˵ıպҪΪǹͷƳһǹƷʲ͡
һˣ׵һУֱӽǸ˻Сٿī֮Уʱһ˿º֮⡣
֣īǷ׳Ƿһ·ˣ
ѯʵ
΢΢ͷ͵ˣī뻹ͨңĹһطһľǲɶõͨ䡣
ֻҪԸһ·ôͻὫĹеĹȫ׸ңǣһҶɱ̻ᱬͬĹеĹһͬ飡
ɫ֣ء
֡ϷҹˣȫϢһϣüͷ塣
·һ·īһ·Եõ岿Уһطһľ
ܹ岿ȫһɫͨ䣡
һ·ɱī룬ǣī壬ʱпʲôҲ̲ţеͨȫ֮Ϊҽ
ʱסҹϷˣȫ˼һʱȫò⡣
ৡ
Ƭ֮󣬷֡ҹϷֵܣȫףٲȻǵ⡣
ͶĿ⣬΢΢³һҾˣҴӦīҪ󡣡
ǣԷһǻҪ׼
׳


758 ·ɱҧ
֡ϷҹˣȫһЦס
˵ڳķֵˣ׻ѡֱӶ֣Ϊһпʲôò
ī뿪ʮֵˡ岿ͨ䣡
ȻܹΪͨ䣬ȻƷʲ
Ȼ˵Ϸҹֵˣһȫںÿһ֮УĹص䡣
ǣܹƵͨģûм
ң岿ͨ䣬龳ī벻ϧƴҲҪȫػжô󣬾Բĳĵͽ׹
ǵõ岿ͨ䣬ӹɵǣڳÿһ˵ʵһɳ졣
īҪѪģһƬҶƬ޸ƣΪ˷̷ֹ˹ҶƬ֮󣬴һ򾡣Ǳǰ׼
׳
֡ϷҹˣȫӦŵ
˭룬ʱһɰϯԶɽ֮⣬Ӱƿնֱ׵˵ķ˶
ͻɱסϷ˷׷һæתͷȫ衣
⣬еϮ
ҧгݣû뵽ǧһĹؼʱ̣Ȼǰң
ಣಣಣಣ
һӰ˵ǰͷһˣŻȪʼħڵʽۣ𺣬ƳȻǻȪʼħڵʥ
쿴ǻȪʼħڵа
ҹһʱϳ˵ݡ
Ȫʼħڣ
뼧ˣȫĿ
Ȫʼħڣа˵밵ħҲеϵ֮ǰ׵˾Ȫʼħڽ֣û뵽컯ɾ֮УȻҲ˻Ȫʼħڵ
Ž壡
һЦһζףû뵽ôȻ̤ʥ쾳ĺնɱˡ
㵹ùգڣ
ٿĿһתɽеī롣
ȿīģʱϢһϣ鱩͹ңʲôһͷ龳ī룿
ҺãͷīѾһϢĻóȻɱֻ·һ
΢΢³һָЩƽ֮ϵЦȴȻĿٺ٣ͷī룬һɶõսƷҺüʱīͽǵˣ
ȪʼħڵĵӣҲһĿ࣬־ϲī롣
ʲôҪɱ˶ᱦ
һЦЦ㲻ֻ߰ΪҲͼɱɱ˶ᱦδҲ̫ˣ֮ǰĿϴɱһĻ󣬾ȻͶ
ûˣҲǵ鷳ֱѰ·
ҹ
ɫļ񡢶ҹˣɵͷЦȻ˵ڶ֮࣬ӣǣҲֻŽӵһս֮˵ȣˣ޷սҵҪƣʲô͵ֵ
˵ţڣװıһɹīħϯأаϢ˱Ƕңʶ塣
ĵꡢҡѪȵȸָĸ
֡
׵ͺһɫϾ㱣˱ܣҽȺһʰˣ
ֳֹǽķҧҧӦŵϷҹˣԶԶ˱ܿȥ
ϷǶҹȫҧһ
ȻڽҪͷ޷ײսǷǳʹࡣ
֡
ϷһϾؿ֣㲻չǣȥһ֮
û֡
˵ͷȪʼħڵɲǷ֮һˣЩΣա
ǰһеĹǽ죬ƺȻЩȲҪսλȻˣбأȥҲ
˹֣һӣֱ׷Ӷȥһ㵹һ벽ʥĹǽײ
֣㡭
΢תͷ֡
չһЦ֣һǱȱȿ˭ɱ˶ô
ŷײһͷһЦãǾȱȣ˭ɱ࣡
˵ţϵһ罣˳ֳֳֹֽһɱڵģ
ɽ֮⣬һֱûĺӲһһضɽī룬зƽ
û뵽ɽ֮оȻһͷ龳ī롣֮ǰҵעȫŽϣȻһֱûз֣
Ӳܣ̽Ƭ̣ԹԵֹûжϴɽ֮УӦһĹңͷī룬Ĺҵػޣ


759 Ѫʬ
ɱ
ͺһֳֹǽķ֣һȵسɱǰеİ벽ʥˮ֣ˮ
һɱɢ޾
ϣ

һһӣȪʼħڵӣʱŸԵķǰΧסڵйѣлѹƣ
ϣϣϣϣ
һʱ䣬ʯĽϵɢҡػΣռ˻
īĵ⽣Ӱ֮Уɿɢ
ΪĹŷҵʥӣѧӵһ벽ʥĹǽɱ죬ʽ࣬սˡ
Ȫʼħڵħѹ֮£Ҳûռٱˡ
ݵò񣡡
ٿأŭһһӣ֧ȫ۶ɵʱҶԳȪʼħڵĵȥ
ÿһ̺Űʥɱ죬ƺһ£˺ѡ
Ȼ˵ҪࡣǣýǹͷŶĹƣȻС
ȪʼħڵĵӣһɫϾƣڵֵ
ͣͣ
ۿȪʼħڵĵһæңٳȻŹǧѷսйǽһһϬĽâʱԻƳգһ
ʱȪʼħڵӣ׷ײҺһеĹŽ˺ţһǵ˿ڣѪ졣һʱ䣬ɹһƬң
Ž壬Ķң
ۿ׾֮䣬ͽȪʼħڵĵӴæңʱɫ࣬һƲӥһ㣬Я޾ƴס
һе罣һ׺϶ΪһΪһ콣âֱӭǰȥ
ҽյҪƣȪʼħڵʥӣкͣȻҸŽа壡
һȫѪӿһɿֲĽɫϯɽХƳ졣
е罣ǹȫɢǵʥ˸εѣ

ʮأ
ȭ죡
Ǭ󣡡
ɽ֮
ԻȪʼħڵʥ׺һǸͨʩչ罣ǹַ󣬴ذʧɫսһʼȫֳһߵ̬ơ
һһеķһͦһߣ˦һաһ㣬ֱӽ߷˳ȥ
ۡ
ҺһſһɺѪؿڹӦѣ֮ϣ¶һĨŵɫ
ʲôŽʣȻ˵ĿֲһǱȣ߶ҵ߹ǡ
о֣ûϵ׵ǿȣȻﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȣʥʥǹܹѹԼ
ŵ֣
һֽ֣Ųͣͺһ߶޾Ѫ۳һ޴צƳգЯֱӳץȥ
һɹץסеıǹܽһɸӡ
ȣ
ȪĦ޽
Ŀֲƣɫ԰ֽʱһ߶ȫѪʩչһħ
ʱ޾ħ֮䣬۳һħ
Ӵħıһħħۣһаѹ
ϵһħеħ͵ŵֳײһһʱ䣬޾ϯɽӱҡػΡ

һıУɫľ޴צ͵һֱӽħ˲Ƭ
˫һ۵һһѪ˺ƶߵķһ㣬Ӹ߿е
ģûȪʼħڵʥӣ⣬ȫʩչȪĦ޽ȻŽǰ˵òһ
ɫҰֽ٣ӿ޾ǰ֮顣
ԭΪԼܹŽһϸ£սٻغϣ˭룬սһʼȫûһһߵս
ڻȪʼħڵ˵һ裡
㲻аĵӣҲսһһˣ
һǰܵζһЦҡҡͷνаѹգұ𣬻죡
˵ţеıǹ֧ȫѪ۶ɵɿ۶ɣ̺ͨ쳹صʥɱƺҪһ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣ֮ϣȻ¶һĨЦ⣬ЦߣûȪʼħڵ׾ٵؾͰˣδҲ̫ѷˡ
ڣҲǸüѹ׵ľˡ
ᶨվڼսеһʬŤתս֣


760 Ѫ
𡭡
𡭡
ĺַսȪʼħڵӣʱȻһɶһս롣
ͬʱһзŹ⣬һѪдʣħϴĤ
ţЩһڸʲô
ǰװŪĻȪʼħڵӣüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ƿ֣ǧɿϷ񡣶ҹˣҲһҽ׹
ˣˣˣ
˭룬һ̣ĿһĻˡȪʼħڵӵڣӿ޾ħأѪ죬īħ֮УһɺĿĹײƯһֲֿϢĸо
ÿһڹײģȫɺѪɢֲҽǣÿһڹײĵĹײİ壬ȫڷţ鱬죬ֲ֮ƺʲôħҪѪײ֮гժ£˶ɡ
ģҿʲôѪײģ
ԶϷüͷһ壬ĪǣȪʼħڵĵӣʩչ˵еʬطô
񡢶ҹˣ׷׵һɫϾ
ʬǻȪʼħڵһطʦħ壬˵ԽǸƷʵʬ壬ɵʬԽǿֲ
ҹٹżовٹڻȪʼħڵļأһ˵ͨʬһ޶Щʬط֮󣬻ᷢ죬ΪײУΪѪųѪʬ
ûв´ĻѪײеʬǴ˵еѪʬ
ҹɤɬɫء
δ䣬ׯƸߵˣȫһΪ֮һ
û뵽ʬƷ֣֮ѪʬȻڱʬһ࣬Ѱʬ˵Ҫֲײеöࡣ
ʵϣѪʬΪײеʬ
ٿأɫص˵һЩʬû˵ƶɵģʬŻǰļ䣬ӵǰͨѧսΪֲֻɱѪѪʬ˵Ҫֲöࡣ
ʲôû˵ƶɵʬ
ȪʼħδҲ̫аˣȻΪʬ˼аֲĹ
ȪʼħڣΪݣǱаħҲᴫ񣡡
ʱϷҹˣһ
ÿһ˵࣬ȫᵽɤ۵λãһգգضŸ߿һս
ǡ˵еʬ
һһնȪʼħڵѪײʱɵȻһ΢Ƭ֮󣬱һµ߰˷֡
ʬ
ʬ
ѪʬζѪٻǣ
һȵĿ֮УȪʼħڵĵӣһдʣߴʬ
໡
ʱѪײĵĹײİ壬һƷɿܹͷȫԡѪˮ֮еĸɱʬ壬Ѫײֱ֮ͦͦվ˫նͷ͹˫֮ϳһļצȥаޱȣ졣
ÿһͷѪʬӵſֲвϵط¸¸µĲЦ˲
ǻȪʼħڵѪʬ
ֵһһǰͷѪʬҪſŻµ
֣㲻ΪĹŷҵʥӣȻܹһ·硣ǽѪʬٻ˳ǵҪҪһ
֣־ܣǴ󷢴ȱܹһ
ҪսʤǻȪʼħڵľӣɲսʤô򵥣ΪҪǣսʤǵıʬ
ȪʼħڵĵӣٻѪʬ֮һЦݲ񣬵ʮ㡣
˵ȪʼħڵʬطֻһЩĵӣЩĵӣ޲Ҫ¶ģܵϿлѧϰʬһЩ
ͨʬǱʬǸΪߵȵʬҪɹƳҪñѪʮΣʬ壬һͬʮĥ֮󣬲лɱ䡣ܹ˳ûһغôʬͻʬɷɱΪʬ
ǴӴԺʬһУ빲
ʬұУôҲһͬȥ̼仯Ϊһ̲ˮɢ
⣬ҪҪʬƷʣĻ弴Ҳܵ谭һɳ죬޾
˵ȪʼħڵľӣһɹƳ˱ʬὫľͶʬϣʵ꿡˵Ҫѷһ
ȻʵǿӲЩһٻʬʬЯ֣ôǿսԲѰͬʿܹġ
񣬻ȪʼħڵӣΧһˣռоԵƣǣһٻѪʬȫͬˡ


761 Ѫʬ
Ѫʬô
ߣһΪӵͷۣҲˣ
ͷѪʬĿֲƣָҧ˫һȻ˿޾ɫ
ΪһʿԼʯ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫΨˣܹŤתս֡
񣬷һǵûһ˿һţڣ
ҵҪѪʬǷܹסҵĹǽ
ͺһֵŹǽȳ֣
͡
ʱǵصĽâǵأ۳һ޵ƺҪһ˲䣬ͷѪʬ⽴
νΪǿꡣ
ְսν¯ࡣ
ಣಣಣ
Ȼһ̣÷ĿһĻˡֻһХ֮ͷѪʬȻһΣ̼ʧ١
Ľâϯ£ûѪʬһë
ͻһĻһһɲԤȻ
ʲôѪʬȻƾʧˣ̶ֳȵٶȣδҲֲ̫ˣ
ҽͷ乶䡣
ûϵѪʬȻһΣʧˡӰȥٵı£ϣƿء
Ҫ֪ԷֵľΪҪԴٶȣǲܵ顣
ʥ߼ĴڣҲδܹ
ͷѪʬȴˡ
ͬʱԶϷҹˣҲһɴ۾ʶɢȫѪʬ䡣
ܹҵѪʬӶʱѷ֡
ϧһ
ɽϿգħۣ죬һȥڤظ
ҧһѪʬƾʧŭһݽȪʼħڵĵȥ
ֻҪȪʼħڵĵɱôͷѪʬҲӦѡ
ŷ˶ķ֣ȪʼħڵĵӣǱ˫֣кЦһĵȻ
ಡ
ʱһϯûɵرһȫë
ͣͣ
ûȷַӦһצ׺ݵ˺˷ֵıһʱƤѪ졣
ۡ
ϢһϣſһѪ
໡
һ̣ӰǰһζɫצӰ
֮УֵǱȫ汬ǧһ֮ʣȫйǽֵסצӰ
ϣϣϣϣ
˾㵵ǣѪʬצӰ벽ʥĹǽײһ𣬾Ȼ𣬷һĽ
ʲôҵĹǽȻûնѪʬצӣ
ֲɵȻһ
໣໣໣
һ֣ͷѪʬʱ¶һצƴΧ˷֣йǽ֣ҲƣӦԡ
Ƭ̣ȫ±ѪӿƤ飬อѡ
󣬸ҹ
ɫϣ
÷ָеǣѪʬץ˿ڣȫһŨҵʬɷ֮ƾԪϡ
ȥҪ˶ã־ͻΪˣһغ
ãΣգ
⣡Ҫˣ
ƴҲҪԮ
һһߣϷҹˣһסˣ׷ĦȭƣҪս
ס֣
л̼ʱǰĿǰȥ۷֣ͲҪóȻǰ
ׯƸߣҲ׷׵ͷ͡
ϷҹϢһϣֱţһض㣬ȹϵϡ
֣
ͬʱԶİУ׵ͺһ̧˰֧Ѫʬȥ
׸е㵵ǣñǹȻһ⣬ȫѪʬˡ
ͷѪʬӰһΣͻΪһӰ̼ʧ٣׵ȫա
ѪʬȫȻǻҵıǹҪϢһУǸܵģ
װզ࣬üͷ塣
ѪʬĿֲԶ׵
Ž壬֪ǻȪʼħڵĵӣжôĿֲ˰ɣ˵ͷѪʬȫǱƷ֣Ȼֻа벽ԪʵսѰİ벽ԪʿҪֲײеö࣡
һ̼ףɵͷЦ
׸һҧҪǰȥԮ֡
˭룬ʱһͷһѪɣӿֳ޾ħŽ壬Ķң
ѱͲҪǱ˵İΣ˰ɣ
Цһһħ֮жʱһӰ
һаӰɢͨ쳹صаһ֪ħ׾㵵ǣӰɢʬɷͷѪʬҪֲöࡣ
׵ʱһüͷһ壬ʲôħȻӵ˿ֲʬɷ֮


762 ëʬ
һ㵵ɫɵе⣬֣˹˵ҵıʬëʬ֮ƵļƷʬ
δ䣬ײɵȻһдʣʲôһͷëʬëʬĪǱѪʬҪ
жϣʣëʬҪѪʬ֮ϵġ
ֻǣѪʬӵŰ벽Ԫʵսײݣ˷ʤͷëʬѪʬҪôѾЩˡ
Ǻǣҽձף
һЩڹײ֮УҪѪҺιʳѪʬҵëʬᲢۡëʬһʥĸ֣ƶɵģʥǰһʵʥ쾳硣⣬ëʬԪ뾧֮е
δ䣬ײɵϢһϣһԼĶ䡣
ʲôͷëʬȻһʥĸֻƶɵģ
׸е𾪡
ʥĸ֣ݹ壬ҲǺպԻȪʼħڵõһʥֵʬ壬Ҳ
ǣҪһʥֻƳʬδҲ̫Ե̫аˣ
أΪ˸һʵǿʬȪʼħڵĸ߲㣬ûٺķ˼
׸е𾪵ǣͷƳɹëʬȻܹ뾧е
ζʲô
ζͷëʬܹ
һܹ
ǶôֲĴڣ
Ҫ֪ǿܣѪʬܹΨϵøطǵƷʡ
һҪʬƷʣȻǳѡ
ǣëʬȻܹһëʬĽٶȣҪԶѰʬܣ
˵ëʬǱպ˵ܹΪʥڸ߼ʵ
һͷʥʬһ붼˸εѣ
Ǻǣϧϧ
ٿҡͷЦһЦ˶ƲסǰϣӵƷ֮ߵëʬüβˣ˵ܹøһ㡣
ϧȻһͷʥ߶쾳ëʬսѵ֮ǰûпһɱʥ쾳ĺô
գұҪʼʩֱɱëʬ
ն죬񣬾Ͷ֮䣬ܹء
ʲôҪʼʩɱҵëʬ
ɫһ䣬Ƭ֮󣬾ЦŽ壬ûжϴĻĿǰѪҪʩչһеѰɣ
һ٣ɫ৵һ±ףʱһЦʱ򣬼ܹɱëʬҲɥʧսһҵһԽһ򾡣
ͦͦظһȻЦ
ײɵ΢΢һƬ֮䣬ЦҡҡͷǺǣΪ֮⣬ûܹսŤתսô
ণ
һʱһӿĤ
ɵɫһ䡣
ǧ֮ϷҹˣǰһһƶЦ
̫ˣӣ׼ٻȼսˣ
Ϊĥһ£ǲѰģΣõȳҲδɣ
⵶ȵΪʥ߰쾳磬ֱʥȻˣǣҪԸһͷëʬӦǲģ
ϷҹˣһϲЦտɤ۵һʯͷء
ԭΪ籩ˣѾɥʧսӵȵУȫս
Ϣڳһ˵ֱһĺϢ
ëʬ
زһ˿ʱ߶ëʬ
𡭡
ʱӰ֮УһͷߣȫᣬһɫƤëʬ¶Ρ
ȥһʬ壬һͷι
Ҫ޾ʬɷëʬӿ˭ҲὫʬϵ
һͷʥëʬһ֣ɢƣɽѹ˵ͷϢһϣѪҺ̡
һ̣һֻһߣȫɫĵȣͻûһɫӰ̼׵ǰһֵܵ·衣
ʲôһֻ棿
һȣɵ΢΢һģĪǾǴ˵еĵȣ׻ȳߣ
һ뵽ǳȺĳʱҽһ֮ϵĵҲ̼ɢȡ֮Ǿɥ


763 VSëʬ
ڵȣҲţ˵ǽ׻ȳȺеĳ
Ȼ˵׻ȳʵڣֻ磬ǣΪĵȣȴʥ߼Ϊ
ڣĵȣܹΪʥڸ߾硣
ٻһֻȣζʲô
ζ׶һʥ߼İ֡
˵ȵľΪԲëʬ֮£ڣҪëʬӿֲ
ľǣΪһ˵һ£ܹǧֻ׻ȳս
һ뿴ǧֻ׻ȳγɵĳȺǶôֲս
˵ȪʼħڵļδʥĵˣʥĴڣҲҪֻʶӡ
Բܡ
Ϣһϣɫϣ컯ɾֻδʥʿ룬ôֲֿܹĴڸ컯ɾ֮У
һҵײһζһЦǸֻȣҴ컯ɾеģ컯ɾշĳ
Ŀࡣ
ʲôֻȣȻ컯ɾнĳ
ݺݵһĭԴʱҡǲ˹һ㣬δе̫˼ˣ˵УҲӵʥ߼Ϊһδʥʵôܽȣ
ң˽׻ȳȺĳһ£ǧֻ׻ȳ涼Хʥ۷徳ĴڣҲδܹ벽Ԫ磬ôѹȺȣ
׶˵ʲôҲԼĶ䡣
׵һЦý͡
ԶķͷʬĲҲΪȵĳ֣˲ͣˡһȼսֲϲЦտ̷һö鵤޸ȫµƣţһЦʶԼŽ֮ľ޴˰ɣΪȪʼħڵʥӣһУҲ⣬ǣӵŽ֣ͬһ㣬ֵһᣡ
δ䣬ʱϻۣ˵һǶ⡣
𡭡
ƺܵеԹ֮飬ëʬŭХһȫ£ħ죬ʬɷӿ
ণ
ֻһȻֵΪһɫ⣬ֻҪһ£̱ǰȥëʬһս
Ž壬ҵҪƣĵȣǷҵëʬʤһ
ͺһʱһߴëʬֱ׵ķ˶ȥ
ȣ
׵һЦ
ಣ
һȵʱӰһΣΪһɫ⣬ֱӭǰȥ
ݣݣݣݣݣݣ
ʱһĽâƳգֱëʬȥÿһâ̺ſֲʥƺҪһɽӣ˺Ѳ񷡣
ڳһ˵ȣȫȫע
ëʬ˭ܹЦÿһ˶ʮֺ档
ɽ֮һº󷽣ڰħĺӲɫأ׵֮Уһ˿š
û뵽ŽȻһֻȣ⵶ȵľΪֱʥҪսʤëʬӦòʲô£
ҪƾħƳ棬ٿ׵Ļǣһ߿ܣƺǲ̫ˣ
ҧҧӲ³һûǰֻҪħƳӳ棬˳Ž֮УһϢʱ䣬ܹ̳Ž߻ǣٿǡһŽΪҵĿܣȶҪң
һˣӲصɫʱ΢
Уȫħ֮еëʬһͷιӵſֲĹһȭһצ״һɽ壬˺һӡ
ѰʥëʬһᱻȫѹƣԷ
ëʬԵĵˣǵȣ
ͣͣͣ
ϢĹ򣬵ëʬĵһغϽ棬Ļ
ȫɢŰɫĵȣһֵܷɱȻȥȫºˡ
෴ëʬϣȴǶһǵ˿ڣÿһ˿ھѪⷴת׹ɭɭνĿġ
ʲôҵëʬȻȸˣ
ܣëʬǿȣʥѰʥȫ߶ʥ˺ëʬƤ⣬ôһˣ
һľ֮ɫ
һһҵĵȣʥ߰ľΪȻδָ۷״̬һֵޱȣҪ˺ʥǣֱֵ
ȣɱ
һ֣׵ȴ
ߣ̶ֳȵƣ޷ɱëʬҵëʬ֪ʹ֪ƣ룬ҵҪĵܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
һЦ
𡭡
һ̣ëʬ֮Уʱӿһīħƣת֮䣬ͽëʬ˿ȫ޸
ëʬƣǣȻһ£ȫûаˡ
һĻϷ񡢶ҹˣȫһ
໡
ëʬͷһڷӿʬɷ֮ʱ۳һǧɵɽ֮ƣֱŵȷ˶
ÿֲʬɷ֮
Ũʬײɵþ֣ʱʩչӡֱԶӶȥ
ʬɷ֮һڣڽƤĤһ־޴˺ڣѪҺɢ
ণ
ͻɱУһȫⱬ䣬һֵܲ͸磬ˮˮ֡
ʱ޾Ľ⿪ʼڵȵۣʥɽԨ纣
ϵһ͵˫ϲ۳һɵĽɫâ̺ǵصʥֱӿ߿ա
䡭
ڣʬɷ֮۶ɵ밵ɫâײһֻһɽı֮䣬޾Ŀռÿռ𵴣˻
ӴʬɷȵıâƬΨһͷ۲ɢһ㣬ײ˵ȵϡ
һȵʱƷ˳ȥ
ͻһĻֿһĿࡣ
ԶϷҹˣҲͷ䡣
ãͷëʬΪֲҪɱʩչһ𣡷ĻëʬΪѲ
Ϸһ֮ɫ
۾ΪսӦöëʬ֮ϣëʬǿֶɱУԲС
һν棬ëʬӦǴƽ֣
Ϸҹˣһ۷׷ףɫ
ȣ׾
ণ
׻̼ĺʳһʱ𣬶ȥȫֻմȾһЩʬɷ֮˲ѪҺʹõֱ½


764 һξѪ
ٺ٣ëʬʬɷ֮Ѫ̣ԪˣҪ˶ãͻ
һ֣ʱ󣬸ƶЦ
ণ
ƺܵıģһ·ɣɱڣһΪеĸо
ȻȲҪһˡ
ȣ
֣һ
ಣ
ȵʱûһ⣬ת֮䣬׵ǰ
ȥ
ҧ⣬ڱƳһνɫľѪȣҵһαѪڵʬɷ֮ӦǴ´ˡ
һӣһνɫľѪʱ뵶ȵ֮С
һ̣ı仯ˡ
ȵ䣬ԡʥ֮Уһڵʬɷ֮ɢ
ȣҲ׻ֵָơ
ʲôŽһξѪȻɢëʬıʬɷ֮
Լ۾һʱĿ࣬ţ˵еĻĹŵһʣȻ񣬲ͬ죡
˭ûϵŽһξѪܹɢ֮õʬɷ֮
ٺ٣ΪŽ壬Ѫգаʬɷ֮һմȾԶȻؾͻҷ𡣡
ҿֵѪȫԿëʬˣ
ӣкϷˣ
ǧ֮⣬ϷҹˣһϲЦտ
ɱ
ֳ罣ֳűǹûΪһ⣬ֱ˶ȥձǳֽţɱʲôƣʩչú޶
ণ
һһֵײɱڡ
İʥһεѣִ֮£æߴëʬӭսԼ˱ᡣ
ûа취Ҫëʬ뵶ȵܹ֧һӣһףôս־ͽһߵˡ
ǰ츳ѪΪǷƷʣͨѧһΣ׵Ķ֡
뵶ȵϣѹëʬϡ
ڣһ֡ɷħ׷
ɷħ׷׭ǰħʥӺӲ͵ģܹ׺ɱʥ߼Ĵڡ
ԸףֻҪ䲻⣬һʮþȡ
𡭡
ëʬһ뵶ȡɱһʱ쵶⽣ӰɽХ֮䣬һƬ
ɱ
죡ʥӣ
һߣڻȪʼħڵӣ׷ײٿͷѪʬ·֣ףٲȻҪڵйѣؾơ
໣໣໣
ͷʬȪʼħڵӵļ룬һս֣Ҳֳƾеƣһζһߵ
֣Ҳ
ֳһǽķ֣ͺһⱩ䣬ɱڵؼսȦӰһƬȷѪꡣ
ͬʱǧ֮Ϸҹˣһɫġ
ΨһͳһҾƣͷһڣЦңһȪʼħڣҲͼԶ۹ѣ
ҡҡͷһʱ￪ĸ߿Уһ֮һǻƳգϯ
֣㽫ǳٻˣ
ҹʶڵһʱ䣬Ͳ˿
ৡ
ʱϷƸߡׯȫ־ϲż
û
ϲԶʤô㽫ǳٻǳ֮Уųǧֻ׻ȳ棬ʱһգ۾ܹȪʼħڵȫ̳ԡ
֣о塣
ϷҹˣȫƶЦг졣
ǣһǧֻ׻ȳϯôսڵָ֮β
Уսڽ֮С

ȫѪӿԡڽ֮Уһӣһâʱƿնֱӽ׶Ѫʬɡ
ͬʱǹһһֱӽȪʼħڵĵӸɸӣͷ­һǱȱϣİ׵һŽҲƶߵķݣӸ߿׹¡
ɱ
Զֳֹǽϣɽ̬һͷʬһȪʼħڵĵӣ롣
Ѫ죬Ѫɡ
Ҫ
ȪʼħڵĵӣͷҺһȻֱֹͦͦ׹ɳ֮Уһغ
ֵ֣Ͻ
̶̵ʱڣȪʼħڵĵӣȫһغҰͷѪʬǻΪһ̲ŧˮɢ١
ǲһ
ƲƲ죬Щδ
ЦŻһеĹǽױԹ֣ɱ¾̫Ѹˣһûأͽˣ
֮ǰȪʼħڵĵӣƾͷѪʬһ·ѹƷ֣÷ΪܣԱѩޣȻҪúóһڶ
˭룬׾Ȼͽս


765 ħƽ
ণ
Ȼһֵʩչʮն
ʱ̺ŰƵâ۳ΣҲƵسëʬɱȥ
𡭡
ëʬͷһһԷצ͵ӭǰȥ
һƽѣëʬһצȻӲظˣһļצܹ׵ֵʥȴʮննɱ֮£׶˿
໡
ʱëʬҽУȫµĽ˶⣬ȫҾ
ëʬһеſһѪɫ԰ֽʲôëʬצȻӲնˣ
һ޾ı֮飬ļ䣬пԡ
ûϵǣսȻڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣͽβȪʼħڵĵͷѪʬȫһغ
ëʬҲնצ
Ȼ˵ëʬǳĿֲ
ǣצҪһʱָȴô׵һ顣
ܣ
׵ܣ
ŽǰڻȪʼħڵԭĸĿˣȫһ˲ɢޣ
Ž塭
һĲȻ֮ɫҧףûȪʼħڵʥӣǰȻ޻֮ɨأմˣһң
Ц״
ߣͷȻӲЦһǿһͷ׵ĸ
ҵģҳֺݶ
Ц͵һӣһö׭ʱ֮ڶ𣬶ȥȻһöīĹ׭Կµķģ̺Űɱ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫɷħ׷׭סˡ
ʲô׭ÿֲƣ
Ȼһ
΢΢˫ն졣
쿴Ȼͳһöط׭̺Żصħ
Ϸ
׭ϵķģʮֹ죬ڻȪʼħڣǰħħƣ
ҹĿ档
ʲôڰħط׭
񲻽Ȼһ⣬˻ȪʼħڵʥӣȪʼħǰħֵط׭пڰħ壡
ħ壬ȻѾ͸컯ɾ֮У
һϾ֮ɫ
컯ɾ֮Уʮа˾Ѿ˰ħʥ˵һϢ
Ȼ˵֮䣬ŸָĶԹһ顣ǣ԰ħʱȴվͬһӪͬ顣
ħǱ컯ɾ֮Уһ˳ȡԵô彫һǳв
Ž壬ձף
ͺһָһ꣬ʱеɷħ׷׭һȼ޾ķӿ񷣬γһյŨħö׭ǰħʥʹģɷħ׷׭ܹɱʥ߼Ĵڣգڣ
˿٣ֶɫףЦ
ʲôħʥʹ͸ɷħ׷׭ܹɱʥ߼Ĵڣ
ײһüͷ壬ã컯ɾ֮УȻǱ˰ħʥӣ
ƱҪӵö࣡
װҧ̧ͷ߿Ѹ۳εĽƣ캧ˡ
ħ弴壬컯ɾǶһǱħƻ˵Ļ룡
ŭһĻȪʼħڣ͸ýγˣ
˵ţеĹǽƴ˶ȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ҲǱһɱȻ
ͣͣͣ
ʱһâƳգ۳ǧɵĽâƺҪأ͵شӸ߿ն¡
ȣ
һʥȼھѪȫֵ
صһֱӱֵȫһ˳ȥ
ʱ

ֽǹ£ָһɣݡʱһƿϯֱָ
ɱȻɥʧ֮һҧȻһЦŽ壬ѾϢҪ˶ãͻᣬ
δ䣬˸Я޾ʥֱӶţһѪŽѪⷴתͷ­̻һ㣬͵رѿ䣬Ѥޱȡ
ء
ȻУһߣëʬҲһȫȼһת۵Ĺȫ¾ͳ׻Ϊһ̲ŧˮ
ɹˣ
նɱ˻Ȫʼħڵ顭
ֲһЦ
ǧ֮⣬ϷҹˣҲƶЦ߿Ȼ͵ĽʱȫɫϾᵽɤ۵λá


766 ɹ
죬һ֮
񱬺һһȣʩչֱ׷˶ȥ
ȫػ֣
ɷħƽôƴˣ
ϷҹҲ𣬽
Ƹߡׯ΢ԥƬ̣Ҳҡҡͷɣ׵ķ
¡¡
֮ϣħƹֲ׹ɿ۳һУ̺ŻصĿֲƣƺֻһ£ܹ컯ɾ
֣Ī⵽
ױһȫѪڣ޾ĽɫѪӿ۳һƬɫ
˭룬־һƣҲף֣˵ʲôҲ뿪ģɷħƽôҷȻãҲܸ㵲¼ף
ƤһҪϷ֣˭룬ԶϷҹˣȻ׷׷Ӷ
֣
֣
ϷҹˣһܷȻԪǳȴᶨ
ʲôɷħƽϾҪ£ܹɱʥߵĽףϢһܲƱؽһغ
׼첱Ӵ֡
׻̼ģ΢΢һЦοϴȱż˵
ɷħƽ٣һö׭۶ɵĽƣޣңֻһ˵ϢҲ˵ɷħƽֻṥһˡֻҪǲҪ̫ͲʲôΣա
ײ΢΢һ
˵û
ҹЦŵ˵ͷɷħƽ٣ʥ׽ٲͬʥ׽٣־۶ɵ׽٣ѭ־һЭɽ٣ôƵͻᷭ
׵˵ͷ
ǣɷħƽ٣ֻǴڷ׭֮е׽٣ǹ̶ģҲΪЭɽ٣ͻǡԣȫԺ޹˼ɵЭɽ١
ҹ渵ͷͷǵ
ײȻԭһ̼ɫҲƽࡣ
ԭˡ
׵˵ͷôԶƺĵش
ϷҹʱͷӦŵ׷ԶԶ˱ܿÿһˣٻ˱
ǳ
ֱӽ벽ʥǳٻûһСɽģͷ
ϴȻֿ׽٣ǳӦÿԿһס
΢΢һЦ
ǳΪ벽ʥһɷף⡣ΪǳǼķһУԣһǳˣҲ֮ݡ
Լʣ޼ԪֻܹӲһ׽١

ҹһӣֱӽûһܲ͸Ĵգǳ֮ϣʵãֻӲһףһףգ
Ϸһ붫ҹˣȫ˸ԵķʱҲʾתͷׯƸߡʹһɫʱ˳ͳһöö衢ˡ죬һɱ
ٺ٣֡
ϷնԶԶس׻˻֣ҽɽһɱӦܹĽƲ
˵ţһ¡
¡¡
ʱһı޾ϻ𣬾ֱž֮ϵĽϯȥһʱ䣬īħƣյһƬͨ죬ƻһ㡣
ɱ󣬷عŽƣƣȴǲֻȫף׼ͷһ
ҽħƽ飡
һɱԽ˲Сˣֵʱ಻ס͵سеĹǽ𵴣̺ſֲʥĽâʱ컨׹һ꣬ͣشӸ߿к£ݲɷħƽ١
ণ
ΨȹԹԵػԣȫ裬ֵܣȫɹͨΪ˸׵ֵ׽٣ƴȫ
Х׸ֶ졣̧ͷһħƽ٣һλֵܣллǵĺ⡣ħƽԡ֣ͣҼֲסʱٳ٣
ϳ
δ䣬ǼϷǶҹֵˣȫϢһϣһǿŹһס
ʲôҪһ֮ɷħƽ٣
֣ĪǷôħƽˣܹ׺ɱʥ߼ĴڣΣܹðΣգħƽ
ûƽʱվðΣԮҲпԭΣգ˵ʲôҲӦ
֣ЩֵܣͲҪǵģĻԸһӲ׽٣ͬһЩ
Ϸҹ֡һԴϣ֮Уһɼ־ݷ


767 ħɷ֮
һֵܻеļײ΢΢Цһ̾ϢŴӦλֵܣҴӦǣ
ȻǲԸ⿴գôұ㲻һ֮Ӳɷħƽ٣
׿һ֣ȫֵɷħƽ٣
Ϸҹ֡ˣȫɫһϲƶЦ
֣ûʧ
ҹ
ɷħƽʮֲֿܹ׺ɱʥ߼ĴڣȻ̤벽Ԫ֮ǿһɳ죬ʥҪһ֮Ӳɷħƽ٣Щðգ
ٺ٣ֵģֿɷħƽ٣ؽʮþȣʲôأ
Ϸ۷׷ףɤ۵࣬ء
ͬʱɽ֮һߵغ󷽣Ӳɫ࣬׵Ӱ߷ߵҧгݣŽ壬Ϊ˵еĻĹŵһʣȻͽ˸նɱˣ
ɷħƽ٣ҲŽ幹в
Ӳʱˣ

ƺӦ˺ӲеԹħƳ濺ܵ·裬
ɷħƽ٣ھݵ֮󣬺ܿͽ˵һ׽١
䡭
ֻһıһˮͰϸ׽٣͵شӷӿħ֮н£ֱ׵ͷҶ
ֲ׽٣̺Űʥɷ죬˹ǿһۣ鲻Խظεѣ˱ᡣ
ৡ
ʱϷҹֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵˴׽֮ϡ
ȣҵģ
ҹҧɫϾ
һյ޵ڶҹĴ߶֮£磬ȫֵŴ׽١
¡¡
ˮͰϸ׽٣͵غڸûɵ֮ϣʱ𶯣ռ˻
޾׹⡢ɢɳʯ𣬲ľۡ
ʲôɷħƽ٣һʼԶԶʥ׽٣
Ϸ
ãҲֵ֪ĸܷ񿸵סһ
֧Ųסˡ
ָһ˲䣬ҹ۵һһѪһΣԴӸ߿׹һֻߵķݡ
֡
֡
ϷڷӶ£һѱס׹Ķҹ
ֵǣûǶˣ
ҿס˵һ׽٣ڽ׽٣Ҫֵˡ
ҹɫҰףһУһ˿ʱָɸصҹС
ҿð벽ʥĻɷħƽٵĺ֮£𻵡
ˣҲùâ𲻿
֣ʵʵ׽٣ͽˣ
͵طӶظĵ졣
ҹͷ
Ϸͳö鵤ҩСظҹʳ£һҹϢƽȣɫָЩĺ
ױ˫֣Һ߶
ɷħƽ׵Ϣԣ׸ǰȥ̽ҹ
һ˫ȴǾ˸˸ضŸ߿еɷħƽ٣а˼⣬̶ֳȵ׽٣޴ʥߣǣֻҪʥߴ߶Ӧöܹһ׽٣ңƾǣԿһ׽٣
к졣
ɷħƽ٣ܹߵ׽٣Խ棬׽ٵԽǿֲԣҪƾǣӲɷħƽ٣ǲ̫ܵġ
Ŀ壬һɷħƽٱһжϡ
䡭
ٿأһըףĤħ֮Уڶ׽ٴ
һˮͰϸ׽٣һ׽ͬ׽٣īƣ̺ſֲħɷ֮ħ٣˵ȣȻҿ
ҵģ
񱬺һȫ߶ǳ
ʱĹģǳ֮ټǳػ׵ͷһ޴Ķơ

ī׽٣ҵغǳ֮ϣʱǳ𵴣һ˿ϸСѺۣ鲼ϡ
ڼɫ԰ֽϢţʲôڶ׽٣Ȼ̺Ũħɷ֮ҵǳʴһѷ죿
ǳ𣬼絶ʣѪӿ
Ҫ֪ǳǰ벽ʥ񣬾Ȼһ׽٣ˣ
֣
֣
Ϸֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڵһʱ۽˼ϣһĿУ꺮ůôֵܼס׽٣ȵڶ׽ٸӿֲҪǼֲס͸ϽǳǾԲģ
һҧһɲϯͷû¶һӲһ׽٣
˵ţҧ⣬ӿһﴮľѪЩѪǳ֮ϣɽȪ¶һͽǳ˿һѷ죬޲߰˰ˡ
䡭
ʱ׽٣ʱ䣬ٶȴ
ৡ
˿׽ٵһɲǣʱɵۣĿࡣ


768 ׽ٴ
ã
²
Ϸҹˣһĵ׽٣ȫɫ䣬ֽŷز
׽٣֮ǰ׽ٽȻͬһ̺Űħ˸е𾪵ǣħ׵⣬Ȼһīķ
ζʲô
ζרʥߵķ
ͨ˵һʿΨڶɽٵʱ򣬲лⷨǲԪ֮һ·ˣʥߵɱ֮һ
֮ǰ˳ɽ٣̤˴˵еԪ磬һƾʵһɳ죬췭ظɱ䣡
׽٣Ȼ̺һֲķʥµʿܹĴڣ
ɷħƽ٣ܹ׽٣Խ׽ٵԽǿֲ
ֻǵ׽٣˵ı̬̺һò˵ɷħƽٵ𺫸ܵʥٻҪֲö࣡
ŵ֣
ǧһ֮ʣ͵һȭҶʱĽɫѪñһ޴Ľɫצ͵سŸ߿е׽ϯȥ
ণ
ƺܵеĻ̼֮ɫҲһֱʩչˡʮնʳһֲֵ˻
䡭
ʱɫצʮնȺڵ׽֮ϣƻײ򣬷ı޾翪
ϧ׵ľŵ֣ǵȵʮնֻ׽ٵһûн׽һɢ
ʲô뵶֣Ȼδܺ׽٣ѽѡ
ã
ֵͺһ׽ٴʯһ㣬˷ӦѸݵ뵶ȣ˵ȸͷŹơ
䡭һ׽٣صغǳ֮ϣֱӽǳõɶһָϸѷ죬ѿ𲻿
á
Ϣһϣ͵һѪ˵ƣʱֱ½ɫ԰ֽ
֣
֣
ϷҹˣڵһʱǰɫС
û¡
ܵһֵ֮еĹ֮飬촽飬ذ˰֣ϧҵǳشҲ֧ˣĵ׽٣ϴĴʮΣ
֣㰲ˣ׽٣ͱˣϷæͳö鵤ҩСظá
ҿӵɲ壬Ļֲ׽ٺڵһʱ䷨飬Ϣ١
ģû뵽׽ٵеĻҪֲö࣡
ҹҧҧɷħƽ٣ܹ׽٣ͷų׽٣Խ׽ٵԽǿֲ治֪׽٣ô
˪㣬ѹ֮ǰЦҪ˶ãŽͻ֮ᣬԭɷħƽٵ˿ֲ
Ƹׯһۣ׷װ̾ҪǶûˣЭ֮£ɷħƽٸֵһᣬŽҪ˳ɽ٣ء
һ߿ֳֹǽķ֣նȫµѪҵعĵɫϾƳ֣׽٣ͽֿգ
ײһݣʱȳ֣׽ٵԽԽֲ̺ŷʵҪӲһ׽٣ʮѡҿ㻹Ǹһ뵶֣ȫֵ׽٣
ণ
ȵһһԽɫͫ׽Ÿ߿׹˸Ľƣʳɿزš
֡
Ϣһϡ
֣ߣ
ѪĵγһʵĻ֡е罣âʢʩչ˽һ½⣬ʱ޾Ľ䣬ϯ죬˵쳣һʣ롣Ҫһػԣ
֣ҡ
׽һʱҭ΢ԥƬ̣ڵ˵ͷԹԵطһԣֳֹǽն
߿Уɱɿת죬ɫĻֱŨħȼճһյĻơȻħĵȴ˿ûܵšһķġƣתУٲȻŸΪ񱩵ķ
̤Ԫ֮󣬿һʥ׽١ɷħƽٵȻʥ׽ٿֲʮҲûηηβ
ЦһѪ硣
䡭
ڣ׽٣Ŀ֮£
ī׽٣аһ׳ķ͵س׽ɱ
׽ٵǷƣڳһ˵Ȼһ
ⷨƳ죬˸оԵĲһ׽٣һʥߵԱ
Ϸҹ˵࣬һ˲


769 г
ȣ
ֻһȣ״߶罣˽һΪһƥ⣬ֱ׽ٳײȥ
ͻһĻϷҹˣȫȻһһ
ã־Ȼѡ׽ӲӲˣ
Ϸͫ׽
ʲô־ȻҪһֿ֮׽٣
̺ŷ׽ٰ
ҹ뼧ȫһ
ԭΪ׻̵ȵʵһһ棬Ӳ׽١
ƾе罣ǹټʥ߼ĵȣҪӲ׽٣ʮþȵ顣
˭룬׾Ȼʩչ˽һĽ⣬׽һӲӲ
Ҫ֪ɷħƽٵ𺫸Եʥ׽٣Ҫֲʮֹ
䡭
ϢһĻӡ
ըװı˽һŷ׽ҵײһɽѰı
̼䣬˻ǧս֮䣬һƬĩ֮
ȣ
̳ɢ䣬߿֮Уһһǹͦȫ£սľ̿һ㣬һƬΪǱ
ϵЦȴѤãһڰϲЦտ
֣
ڵһʱ嵽׵ԣ꺮ů
װ˰֣Цû£罣֣ҵ˲⣬ҵǿȣʥŽ壬ô䣡
˵ţԪĵת֮䣬սƤǻָƽƳӤһ㡣
֣׽٣ԽԽǧҪд󣡷ĻǶҪˡ
һƵѵ
һֵȫĵ׵ãȻû¶һ˵Ц
ǻʵ۲̫࣡
¡¡¡¡
˵䣬ħƽ֮еУǷһһʥֶ£ѹ˵ͷ
֣
һٶ֧ųһ֣׼ֵ׽١
ণ
ڵһʱӶ粽ػ׵ǰҪǧһ֮һֻһǰӲ׽١
ֳֹǽƬ̣ڹԹ뿪
ʵԣֻ׷ģб
֣ʹñǹ
֣һΣֻԶⲫ
Ϸҹˣ׷˫ȭͣš
һ죬ȴ˼ǧֻа벽Ԫ磬Ԫ磬ֻһ˿Ե컯ɾ֮УԵҪ˶ãҾܹ̤Ԫ磬ɾʥɷħƽ٣˵δزһʥ֮ǰ
֮ǰ׽ӲӲĳ棬һ٣ղ׽ٴ壬Ҷʥ߷˸Ϊеĸŵ̤Ԫ֮רˮɣӦ֡
˭ûϵɷħƽٵʱ̣Ȼһ˼ΪԼԺԪ
Ϸҹ˵֪Ϣ϶ֱѪ
֨һ͵˱ǹڽĿֲƣֱϯÿռ˻ɽѣ֮ϵħƽҲЩɢơ
ӿĽɫѪ糱۳˰˸
ʳһʥ޾ʥϯ׵һֵܲ͸磬ˮػס
䡭
ٿأ׽ٴ䣬ִصķ̶ĽĦ
ϣϣϣϣϣϣϣϣϣ
ͬһʱ䣬еİ˸͵ƫеī׽֮ϡ
ʱصķѿɢ˲١
͡
ͬʱڵȵĵâ飬˸˸ÿһâܹնһӣڵȵĴ߶֮£ӿӿ׽١
֮䣬ֲ׽٣ķѣͷʱ֮һ
ˣ׽׵ĻָӦ飬һ׺һߵķݣֱӸ߿׹
һʱ䣬Ѫ׷ɣƤ
֡
֡
ϷҹˣһΪ֮һ
ڵһʱǰһϽѹǵף
û£
ʧһֱۣȫǱ飬Ѫˮ罦һϢٵģ
֣ס
ֻ˵æͳö鵤ҩ׵ĿУ͵븹һɿ񱩵ҩҴܣǿд߶Ԫ޸ƣѵұۣҲۿӵٶȷɿ
ٺ٣ɷħƽ٣Ҳˣ
޸ƣ׳³һоƽһɳ顣
ŻָжףϷҹˣǳһԷ
£££
ֻǣ˭Ҳûע⵽ǣ֮УһֻֻСӳ棬Ϣ˳׵˿ڣ׵อ֮С
ȻħƳӳ棡


770 а۽
ɽ֮һߵغ󷽣һʥĺӲɫһ䣬ƶЦħƳӳ棬Ѿ˳Ž֮УҪ˶ãܹ߻ǣƳһ߿ܡʱŽҵһ߿ܣΨǴӣ
һ뵽ƳɿܣӲϲԽ˵Ŀܡ
˵׳Ϊ˺ӲĿܣôӲ׾ܹϷҹЩںʥӡ
ټŲǳĽ飬ȫԳΪһöӣƣڧӶ໥ɱ֮У̶ķѣʱ򣬰ħ彫Ѵܹ֮
ȻˣںӲУ뼧ʥӣ
Ʃ֡ϷҹˣЩʥǱһ㣬Ӱޣ޷Ӱ֡
ʱնɱī룬ȡرˡ
֣ӲһһöȭͷСİ׹ʹӻзӶ
ڳһᱻöȭͷСİ׹𾪡
Ϊö׹ɢƣȻԽʥơ
˷һʥӣвʮ˽컯ɾÿһʥӣǰħһе̳ǰһĿšΪ컯ɾнɱʥӣħĸ㾡ȫʥӸ֮һö׹һս֮Ĳ𾳸֡а۽աıǧڳΪһö벽ķ
Ű׹ɢĿֲħɷ֮ӲɵһȻ˵ҵԽ׹ͷų׹ʥӣҵĶ֡
һˣӲһΣʱԭʧ
ͬʱ֮ϵĸ߿Уյħƣŵ׽١
׽٣Ȼ֮ǰ׽ٶҪֲʱҲ
˴ϢĻᡣ̷ö鵤ҩ֮Ѫָ˲١
ণ
ٿأʳɲǰ·裬һԺ֮С
ʲôҪҵֵ׽٣
ײɵɫһ䣬ŵȡ
ͫ׽¶һĨᶨ֮ɫ
Уӵŷǧı£Ҳҳ׽١
׹ϵҡͷ˵ȵ顣
ԭҪƾǧط׵ֵ׽١
׽٣ʱڳȫĵ٣еһֲԤС
ǺΪԷһһӦԷ
ڵȷǧı£Ҳ˽⡣
֮ǰȾƾŷǧطŶײһһǩԼ
ֻҪһξѪûһܹס㱾׽֮䣬Ҳ˶ɥ
ǣȴ׸طˡ
Դˣȫûз
ûа취˭õǩԼ׵ʥּͣԲΥ
λһֲԤУ
ϷһϾŸ߿зӿ׹⣬׽ʱҲ̫ˣ֮󣬱֮ǰ׽٣Ҫֲö࣡
ҹ˵ͷɫȷˡͨ˵Ϊľļ׽١ʿƾŸַ󷨣Źǰ׽٣ǣ׽٣ȴ˳سŹȥ˵׽٣츳ԵĴڡ֮Ѵ
Ŷһܹ׻࣡
ü΢ֽ߬ͷϸꡣ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأ֮ϵħ֮Уһ촫ͬʱһīķ֮ϯ¡
ৡ
˵Ŀ⣬һ˲ȫᵽɤ۵λá
ʲôһε׽٣Ȼֱͷųһ
ɶʲô׽٣ȫɱ
̶ֳȵķʥ߲ܹӵеģ
Ϸҹˣȫɫ䡣
һɫǺ졣
뵶ȣҲпһȫ߶Ѫ׼һ
ಡ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣһɫƥâգֱƴǧ֮һöڵƫеغ˴ķ֮ϣ
䡭
ĿһĻˡ
һöȭͷСİ׹֮УɢħӲӣȻ׾پͽķˡ
һĻס֡Ϸ˵Уƾκһ㣬Ŀ࣬š


771 ׹
Ķķ
ʮ֮УȻԮֵһ׽٣
һöӣϢжϣԳԽѰʥزٿöӵǸ֣
ǺηʥҪְǣ
Ϸҹ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽˰׹֮ϣһɫŹ֣
ʲôҵ˵׽٣
üͷһɾ
ֻеĹǽ־ϲ
Σ˳ɹ˵׽٣һֵҵ顣
˵ĹŵŽ壬Ȼ鴫һͬ죡
ٿأһˬЦ˾ĿУһĽ˶۵꣬ɶħƣȻһħ塣
ৡ
Ӳһ¶棬ͽڳһ˵Ŀסˡ
ãеϮ
ȫħƣǰħû뵽ħȻѾ뵽컯ɾ֮У
ⰵħ壬ƲΪҪְֶɽ٣
è޺Ӽٴȱҿһûаʲôģ
ϷҹˣһӲɫ䣬һɰŭڶ
ûϵְ׶ɽٵˣȻڰħʥӣ
ħ壿
ɫϾӲУһĨ֮ɫߣѹֻȪʼħڵԣԭаħʥڱɷħ׷׭Ҳǳְɣ
ĿȫӲˡ

ֳһǽȫɱڣһźӲһӲֱڵһʱʹɱ֡
ܵͶ񣬺ӲһЦûп˰ħʥӺӲǱʥ׽ٸģû뵽ǡ˴˵еŽ壡
ϣȪʼħڵҵ£
֮ҪԮŽɽ٣ΪŽѾǰħˣ
ӲһƶЦ׵񣬾ͺһİߡ
ײɵϢһϡ
ڳϷҹˣҲһͷˮء
ʲôŽˣ
ϷЦһЦΪŽ壬һеһħʥӣȻҲҴʴʣǰָֻšߺ
ûΪŽ壬Ǽ֮ôǰħۣͬ
ߣǹƥҲԽնɱҲðħʶһһ۷磡
ҹ֡ˣһŪźӲ
ȣ׼ս
ĬĬش߶еıǹ罣ɫѪγһƬ
ণ
һһֹĳ裬ʼٻӳ档̼䣬ǳеĽ׻ȳƳˮһӿ飬գӲΧ£
Ӳû뵽ǰħȻҲǱ컯ɾ֮СʲôĿģңҪ޻أ
ϣɱ졣
ণণণ
ͬʱǧĽ׻ȳ˻ЩȲҪǰȥӲ̳븹
Ȼ˵׻ȳĸʵǿ޷Ӳɷħƽ٣ǣԸӲְ벽Ԫʿȴֵ
ǵȻĳȺôҴ۽磡
ͬˮһĽ׻ȳ棬ӲһȫȻûһ˿һĻţ෴Ϊ͡
׹
һУ߿еİ׹ʱݵһΪһƥ⣬Ӳͷ޾ħɷ֮Ӱ׹֮ɢ̺żΪֲĸʴ̼䣬ɷԲĽ׻ȳ׷׼һʴһ̲ŧˮһغ

ͻһĻҴĽ׻ȳȫȻһ׷˱ᣬҲҿӲ
׹ӿħɷ̫֮ڿֲһմȾҪʴһ̲ŧˮȻ׻ȳǼӲҲԿ⡣
ʲô׹ȻǺӲķ
ûжϴĻ׹ƷʣӦǰ벽Ĵڡû뵽ӲһħʥӣȻӵر
Ӳʵɲ⣬ƾŰ׹һɷħƽмΪֲĵ׽٣ͷųħɷ֮ױ˳ǧĳȺ
ϷҹˣһӲ֣ȫľһ
ɱ
ֳһǽɣŭһֱźӲնɱȥ


772 ʮ
ݺЦ
ŷ˶ķ֣ӲЦһһʥħ͵ѵһħ͵һ޾ʥϯ£ɽ糱
𡭡
˸εѵǣħīĵ֮ϣһħͼ·͵شӵ֮Ϸɶûһɳħ
ʯХӿɽ飬֮ǿء
һеĹǽ͵ħײһһɿ񱩵ϯƳֻһѪӿһſڣֱӽһѪ˳ҲҡҡλΣ׹䡣
֣
֣
Ϸҹˣȫ
𡭡
ͬʱɳħ͵ط˶£һѪ֮У̺ſֲħɷ֮ƺһ˲䣬ҪָС
ӲһƣֶµԹۡ

ǧһ֮ʣʯһ㣬˲䶴ħĻ󣬡䡭һƽһףɵȻȻһ˲ķѣΪһħħ֮С
ϵһһֵħһߣ»ص˺ӲС
֡
ɫţתͷһмס
֮ʣԮ·Ʊؽش
װ˰֡
ûϵûĹŷҵʥӣȻڰħʥǰ˵òһּʱ֣ҵĴΪգ
ֳֹǽâ壬Ϊʡ
Ĺŷҵʥô
ӲһƣҡͷԵؼЦߣ尲ƽֵʵ̫ˣȫɥʧΣСһĹҵʥӣȻҲĿˣЦ
һ٣ŷеĳŭ𣬺ӲЦһ壬ǰħ磬ҪӵòпᣬӵѪȣÿһħ壬ǴʬɽѪ֮ģʵǰħʥ֮Уȥ
ңѪ̶ʥӺӲڡħս֮Уȡ˵ʮλɱͬʥǧʮ
һĹҵʥӣҲͼԣʵǿЦ
ӲȻ
δ䣬ڳϷҹˣɫϾһ
ӲȻǰħ֮ʮλħʥӣ
Ϊ˶õʮҫܹħս֮Уնɱǧʮͬʥӣ
һʲôĸ
ʮλĺӲնɱǧʮͬʥӣôʮһλʮλһλʥӣǶôֲĴڣ
ʣħʥӵλʥͬʥӣûоħսֲпɱһʥӣǿսģλ
ףƾŽ壬Լഫ¼죬ų
ʵϣһ˵ţʵʵȭͷġ
֮£ħʥӵƾʵʬɽѪ֮ƴģ˵
壬ǺƽģһЩĹҡ壬ٶҡҲʹûĹҡһٵõĥ¡һЩƽǧ𡢰һЩֶΡȻ̣ôĥ£Ե֮١
۰ħ壬ս֮Ϳֱ̿ȻĹҵ˲µħͷճвпϽ档
ͬǣħ棬Դޣϡеħ壬ҪռݸԴΨɱӡҪλΨвϵɱ¾Ҫǵòϵɱ¾
Ψɱ¾ܻȨΨɱ¾ܲȡλռݸԴ
νɽˮĻȫͬԸ
û뵽ӲȻħʥʮλĴڣڰħ֮УҲǺպ
Ϸһ
ϷǷ֣֮Уܶʮλá
ʵϣӵɲļҲǰʮ
ΨӵŽףǿа˾ŷְǰʮ֮С
Ͼ˿ڶ࣬˷ǽ컯ɾʥӣ֮ࡣвԼǱڵĸ֡
ţͷʥӣв١
ǹʵ˭ûаǰ
ףƾųһ츳һǰʮӦò⡣
ǡ
һ밵ħһʵҪһ
һţһɱԡ
ףǽ밵ħġħսܹȡʲôΣһδ֪


773 л
յħ֮Уһ׽һױ죬ÿռ𵴣˻Ϊ֮ҡΡ
һǰδеĿֲѹ˵ͷ˱ѹ֣
ãɷħƽΪֲһ׽٣£
Ϸ
ɷħƽ٣ʥ׽ҪֲʮҪȫʢ״̬£ӲҲѴ֮ϧֻֿһսʮΣ
ɫҰףһĺӲҲΪ֮һӲ߲ƣֶɽٵʱͻʩɱ֣Ʊؽһ
֮ǰĵ׽٣Ѿ˵ÿֲ׽٣ȵӦûҪ治֪ﵽһʲôĵز
ҹҧҽ
УɫϾ̧ͷһ۸߿е׽٣һıƸͷǾ΢΢̣¶һĨζЦ⡣
ʱѪתԪ۳һʵĻ֡
Ž壬شѪĴ룬ҪӲһ׽٣ذղ󡣡
һʽףô
ž֮ϵ׹ӲһЦ⣬ֻҪ̹ڵأҿͷҽǹ׳ôұð׹ƣһ
һ뵽ô˵еŽԼݿͷӲƲסؼ
üͷһЦһ
ȻںӲΪм
ӵŽ壬ֽ˵ֲֿĴڣôͱһħʥӸ
ҪӲͷ⣬Ҫıǹ׳
ֱЦ
˵ˣԿ׽٣Ӳƾʲôаգ
ӵŽ壬ųƻĹŵһʣһеĲ𡣱ӲħʮλʥӣδؾҪѷɫ
ƺܵеĲмӲһЦҡͷԵŽ壬ҵʵĲ˵˵еö׹һս֮а۽յı̺ſֲħɷɷħƽ٣ħɷ֮۶ɵ׽٣ħϣñ׹ѹƣԣֻҪҼ׹Ϳ׾ٵػɷħƽ٣
㣬ֻҪӿͷ׻
ӲЦס
С飬һħҲϴݿͷδҲ̫쿪ˣ
ƿڴҿţħʥӣϴҹûʸ񣬹
˵ţͷЦ
Ӳɵɫһ䣬ŭЦǺǣһɲ壡һŶ񶾵죡ǻһֽ׵ķʽ
Ƭ֮䣬Ӳͽìͷ׼˼񣬡Ž壬ֻҪһͷұ㵲ɷħƽ٣ɲһǣܾôұɲʬҰ
Ӳϣħӿ
ʲôüΪ룿
ǧħʥӣȻʹĵļı
֣ǧҪӦС飡
Ϸҹֵˣһʧɫ׷׳Ȱ衣
бһۺӲӲδҲ̫ˣΪɷħƽٻΣҵ
㣬ܹҵƤӵɱҵֵܣ
Цһ׵ͺһȣ
ণ
ֻһ˻ȶʱٻǧĽ׻ȳӿϷҹ˵ǰؽһ˵ȸػ롣
˳ȺػӲҪʹɱ֣ôס
ͬʱȾֱûһɫӰʥɢһֵÿӰֱźӲɱȥ
ȣʥ߰ʥȻδֻʥսҲС

̼䣬԰ټƵĵ⽣ӰֱӲС
ŴâӲЦҡҡͷͺһͷϷİ׹ʱתһīĻֵʱںӲƾâڻϣǺˡ
ţ׹Ȼܹأ
׹δҲֲ̫ˣʩչĵâܹ׵ֵ
ģʮλħʥӣ˵ţǰħʥӣ˵ã
ϷҹˣһĿࡣ
Ž壬㻹ûи״
ЦһӲһʱһֻһ״棬ʹеһ̴ľзӶҲǺ̸㣡
֪ʲô˼ô
Ӳ΢΢һЦضס
ʲôҲһ棿
׵Ŀڵһʱ䣬ͱħƳסˣħƳ棬ȫħ죬ǶԣƣȵҪ
ףϷҹˣҲĿ࣬üͷһ
쿴ӲȻٻһ棡
Ϸ
ûжϴӦǴ˵еħƳ棬뵶һε棡
Ŀ壬Ļҡ
Ϸҹˣ׷תͷһż


774 Ѫʳ
ΪĹżҵʥӣǿĶٹżУһЩĽܡ
ǡɣż֮УҲһЩħƳĽܡ
ܵϷҹͶĿ⣬ɤӣһؽͨ˵ڵħƳ棬ӵʥľΪ츳رڵħƳ棬ܹﵽʥľ硣ǣħƳ棬ܹͻԪ磬Ϊʥǵõܹһɳ졣
츳˵𵶷ҪһЩ
⣬ħƳӳȻܶ࣬񵶷һܹɳȺγһƺƴս
һһʮؽħƳ档
δ䣬ԼϷʱЦһһЦǺǣһΪӲħƳжţأԭֵĵȣҪһء
ҹ˼΢΢ͷ
ӼĽ˵жϣħƳǾΪӳ𵶷ҪһΡ
񣬵δʥľ磬ħƳ浹൱
һȻָ״̬ôħƳͲǵȵĶ֡
һ㣬ӹɡ
ȻħƳ𵶷˵Ҫ˲٣ôΪμֻὫħƳ뵶ȹΪͬһεأ
ץסĹؼ
͵ؿһ΢΢³һ̾ϢʵϣħƳôԵУӳ棬ֵ˵壬侫Ѫ̶ٿص˵ĻǣƳһ׸Ŀܣ
˵ħƳ漫ΪѪӳѪҺżһұħƳӳ壬ôҪ˶ãеѪͻᱻʳһգһ߸ʬڣǶҪӳʳΪһ߿ܣ
һ£ħƳӳ棬ܹʥ߼ʿʳ侫Ѫٿǡһսδ죬ԷӪеʥߣѾħƳƳһ߾߿ܣҲֻ֣Źһ£㿪ʼ꣡
˵ɫΪѿ
ϷҹˣȫһĿࡣ
û뵽ħƳȻ˵ö񶾣ʳ˵ľѪҲͰˣȻҪƳһ׸Ŀܣ
Ϸ߬ȭͷԶе񣬶һ˿ǡ
ʲôħƳӳ棬ܹʥߵڣʳ侫Ѫٿǣ
ҹɫҰֱֽ˵ħƳδҲֲ̫ˡǺӲеħƳ棬ǵɷŹƵĿ꣬ǵľΪ⡣Ҫ˶ãǶΪӲĿܣ
һˣҹţ
ƸߡׯˣҲ絶ʣúȹϵϡ
ɼһ˵ʶħƳ
ħƳ棬뵶ȲͬͳųǧĽ׻ȳ棬ȻֲжʵһĿȻħƳ棬ϢزٿӳɾѪٿػǣ˷ʤ
϶ԣ׶ħƳ棬Ȼ˷ĵĿ־塣
УХͦǹ죬һǷӣž޲˲²ⲻЩʲôߣӲһΪʲô춯صֶΣһٻҵߣû뵽ֻٻһ档
ҡҡͷΪмؿһħƳ棬Цˡ׾棬ûʲô֮˵Ž彵Ҫսʤҵĵȣһ⡣
һȵʱһҪٶȷǰ

ǧһ֮ʣӲһͷϷİ׹͵ӿŨҵħɷ̺֮ž˵ĸʴ֮ŵõһ١
ٺ٣ʶħƳ棡ûйϵһͻħƳ棬һ̵˽ˡ
ӲЦ׵񣬾ǿһֻ׵ĸ

ںӲĴߴ֮£״һħƳ棬зһڹУڤظеħֺɾе֮УûɵëȻֳС
Ū飡
ױһһ̨˿Ϊ
¡¡
֮ϣƷӿ׸ž֮ѹȶµʥ˱ǹ׼ͷһɱӲ
ûа취ºӲϮ׷ںӲǰɽ١Ψһİ취ֻǰɱӲһҲרӦɷħƽ١
ʣѪԪʩչһɹܷһɱӲһδ֪
֮ʣֻзһˣ
һҧȫ߶ѪԪ
Ȼһ̣׸εѵһĻˡ
ʲôڵѪȻϢ֮䣬Ĵˣ
ʲô飿
׾ֵصɴ˫
ڲѪһ˭룬ת֮䣬ڵѪϢ֮䲻ɣ׷ĵþֻš
ǺǣŽ塣ǲǷڵѪѾĴˣ⾿ôһ£
ײ԰ֽɫӲͷЦÿһɵϵбס
ײϢһϣͫ׽һɵźӲ


775 Ѫ
ûϵԼڵѪȻ֮вɣԼȻûһ˿һĲ
׸еľǣһУȻǺӲΪ
Ҫ֪Ӳһֱһξ룬ûл׵϶ֽšһӲϢ׵Ѫģ
Ž壬ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļô
˵ҵˡѪ⣬꣬ҵƿ֮У
ܵһɵı飬ӲЦֻҪһ£ħƳͶŵӳ棬ܹʳľѪʴĻǣΪһΨǴӵĿܣ
δ䣬ײɵɫһӲ֮УһĨԹ֮ɫ
ʲôҵڷŹˣ
ҵอ֮УѾħƳӳˣ
һˣײɵѽѣϢͣ͡
û뵽ԼȻйˣ
˵ΪŽ壬벽Ԫʿʶ൱һʲô紵ݶܹǰ
˭룬ħƳӳ׵׾Ȼ޲
ħƳֶΣȻܹϢҵ壡˷ʤ
ƾһ棬ҵľѪٿҵ꣬δЩ쿪
Ž壬ųƻĹŵһʣѪᱻһֻħƳײٿأ
һЦ͵ϢһһɻԪʱ׵֫ٺ֮ɨƴѰӳڡ
һħƳӳ棬һʱͻὫ
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡƾƤǡ֮ѰңȫҲһֻӳӰ
ЩĻҡ
ԭ֪йƳ壬ֻ轫𣬾ͿԳװšûϵԼȻӳӰӶҲ
ǺǣҪ׷ѹˣħƳӳ棬һ壬ͻڻѪҺ֮УѪˮڣ㾡ȫѪˮĻҪӳţǾûпܵ飡
ɫҰ׵ģӲЦ
ͬʱȫߴħƳ棬Žһ¹ƳĴڣ

ħƳ⣬֮Уʱһص
ʱ׵ȫ£һĵʹӿͷǧֻ澭֮пɣֺѪ֮УʹȫΣҺ
֣
֣Ϸַ׷׾
ãϴ˹Ƴ棬ȫΣѪĴ
ȫʹף͵ؾ
ǺãѵҪӲһ߿ܣ
ҹɫŤһ뵽׳ΪӲĿܣܰħĲٿأͺ٣Ļҡ
ӵŽ壬һ׾úӲóѵģҼŶ˼࣬һܹ׻
˫ֺʮ
ণ
һеĵȣƺҲܵ׵ʹһʱ׵Ҫֵ׵ʹϧƾλ̼Ҳ޲ߡ
Ž壬𷴿ˣҾĻħƳ棬ܹʥ߼ʿڣѪһ벽ԪʿҪǳ롭
˵⻹ʹ࣬һҲٿعƳ棬Ļǣǲ˼
ҿ㻹ǸϽڵأߵŰݣҴ󷢴ȱܼһЩʹ
һ뵽ô˵лĹŵһʸԼߵŰݣӲ̲סļ
ϥ¹ߵŰݣ
㲻ֱɱң
ױһŤ֮ϣٿ¶һĨЦݣ˵ˣΪŽ壬ᱻһٿ˻ǣ
һЦȫµļ͵ر͹ɫıѪ۳һöö飬׵ϯ
Ž壬ѪʢԣֻҪһξѪڣܹ޾ѪˮҵҪĹƳܷҵľѪҲɸɾ
װȻһЦ
ѪѪ飿Ϊ˵еŽ壬Ȼͬ죬ħƳĺ£Ҫ˶ãܹѪɺԣɢ
Ӳ˫ֱأг񣬡ħƳ棡

ʱħƳ滶ɿ촫ڵӳҲƵطӵƴʳ׵ıѪ
һһööɫľѪӣۿӵٶȣϢʧ١
쿴ֵľѪܷʳ
ãֵľѪ̺űԪҪǱʳһգһͽɢһغ
İħ壬ǼթɵСˣȻʩչ˱ӵֶΣ
ϷҹˣŴĿĵһĻȫҽһѺ
˭룬ʱ׾ͷЦϯ죬Ž壬ѪѪ飬ҵľѪ̺ŰıԪҲƳܹʳô
ڣöĵĳӣȫȥ
һ͵һ
žžžžžž
ʱƱӡŽһֻֻۻѪˮ֮еӳ棬ȫ˻һҵر˿
Сӳ棬Ϊʳ˹ľѪƤԲǵһöָװС׷ױѶһ⡣


776 ˳

ӳӦУΪĸħƳʱһҵ˻Ϣ΢
ͻĹһĻúӲĿ࣬ͷ䡣
⡭⾿ʲô飿еӳ棬Ȼһ˲ȫˣ
ܣԲܣֻҪһ£Ѫˮ֮еӳ棬ܹ׽Ԫʥʳһ߸ʬûбеĵ
ӲȫɥʧǣвҺ
ͬʱϷҹˣҲĿ࣬־ϲ
ģҿʲôеӳȫˣ̫ˣһ־˳ˣ
ҹһʱ㵸ϲԽ
Ҿ˵ƾһħƳ棬ҪŽһ߿ܣȫǲܵ飡
ְӳ棬ħƳ֣Ҳвˣ
黹ת
Ƹߡׯּһ۷׷ףϲЦտ
УХ̳죬ͦǹȫⱩ͹һһöö۳ɽľѪȫอ֮УϢҲƽ
źӲһı飬΢΢һƣӲղŲţôҸϥ¹ߵŰݣôһɥ֮ɫˣ
ҡҡͷۿӲϢһϣ׵һЦһǳͨʲô취ɱɫӳİɣ
Ӳǰһһգգضס
ʵǳü򵥡
ħƳӳ棬ȻǳѪԱ£ǣӳǣҲһĳܷΧΪŽ壬ѪѪ飬̺Űӳܹ̳Եġ
ӳ̳˹ľѪǳܲסȻҪѿ
׵ȻһЦһһʮؽ͵
δ䣬Ӳɵͫ׽ͷʲôħƳӳ棬ΪʳľѪǳܲסűѶģ
ôܣ
Щӳ棬һʥɳɸʬ׾ٵ飬񲻹̳ļξѪȻͳܲסѶˣ
Ϊ˵ĹŵŽ壬Ȼֻа벽Ԫ磬ѪԪʿҪһأ
Ӳզп׵֮У¶һĨɱ
Ҫһ߿ܣǲ̫ˡȻˣҾֻʹɱ֣Щɱһ⣡
һӲеһʥħһƺѾȲҪʳѪҺ
ͷϷİ׹Ǻ䣬ħ졣
ãӲҪʹɱˣֵܼˣֻӵһս֮ϧѪĹܷ˳ɽٶһδ֪˵ɱӲˣ
ģҪûˣҲԴˣ
ǶǺǱһħʥնɱǼֱǸ嶪ˣ
Ϸҹˣһҧгݣл̼
ٿأüͷһؿĿԲԴУ
Ϸҹˣһתͷ
΢΢˫һƣĿͶɽϢٵī룬ǵīֵԼֻҪԼܹõ岿ͨ䣬Լ˵еĹ
ۣǷīһ·ԼһƬҶƬ
ֻҪ˳õ˹ֻԷһҶƬָܹ̾Ԫڣпֱͻƣߵľ硣ʱ򣬼֣˵һӲˣһȺħʥӣҲ޾ɫ
ĵ
δ䣬Ϸҹȫǰһĳȡ
ȷ
龳ֵľԪ滨ݣһƬҶ̺ú˳Ӱ벽Ԫ磬һͻƣ̤ʥ쾳硣Ȼ˵뺫ۺĸֲǣãҲС
ڳļϷҹˣȫǺеʥӣȹ̣ǵõһƬҶƬܹһͻƣָ״̬
ʱǼ񣬻Ϸҹܹתָ֮սڣʩչˮƽɱҲǳ룡
֣²˳٣̶ī̸У
ϷԸ𱬣Ҫ
ţ
һŮң˼ܣæѯʣλǲйŹô
񡢷֡ҹȫһ
īȻѾϢ٣Ϊβ̳ԹҶƬָԪ෴ȴҪͨ买ãֻȡһƬҶƬΪ
գգˮ˫
δ䣬ׯƸ߾ǰͷüͷ塣


777 ػ
ɣ붫ҹɵһЦȻ⣬ǲûпǵֻΰˡ
á
ϷһˬЦīĹصػޣ֪ʲôػ𣿡
ƶǶҡҡͷ̫
ػޣͨ˵ǳϻۣʮ㣬أѪŨˮ֮󣬱ʹϽʵԲҹ粽ػ˵Ĺءػ˵ػ˵ĹؾΨһʹԲΥ
ԣ˵ַĹأػ޾ͻಫ
䣬һЩȽͨԵĳҲص㣬繷ڹ˵˾һУ˵ǹıܡһˣЩͻ˵ʬǣԲȣ߲ݣֱϢ٣죡
īػĹأˣ˵ػĹصǷ
Ϸ
һһģ˫Ź⡣
û뵽ͷīȻ˵壬ƴҲҪػĹص˵ʬ֮󣬲£԰Ϣ
ī˵ȥ˵ʬЯ˵Ϣĳ˵ˡػޣǾԲʳģͺڿ˵Ѫ⣬һĥ
ҹ
һզ̾ѣû뵽ػôԭͷīϢ٣ȻΣڵϦ˭룬֮ʣҲԸ̳˵ʬĹ
ƸׯˣҲпѡ
ȻīػޣְأôΪʲôҪ̸У˵׸ǣⲻǹ͵ô
ٿأƸҡͷʵ
Ƹ߿īΪػޣӦ˵ʬͬڣһĹݣҲûдıҪˡ
Ҳ
īһϢȻΣڵϦȻ翹Ҳֻ·һʱ򣬷ǵǣڣ˵ĹײĶᱻǸڳҡһû˳ػ˵Ĺأ˵ʬ¡
ȶԣһЩ׳֣ҲǶ˧ȫ֮ˣ
ҹ
Ƹ˼ص˵ͷ
Ȼ˵˵Ĺأػ˵ҪҪǣ£ܹʬǵѾǾľˡ
ǣ֮ǰī˵ҪǷֳһƬҶƬָԪô£
ٿؾɳ
ī룬ȻԸ̳Թԭڹػ˵ȥˡ
ǣΪҪ׷ֳһƬҶƬ
δЩìܡ
ҹϷЦһϷҡҡͷпãǳʡ
һоɲ
ΪīҪһƬ̳ԣ
Ϸһ䣬ҡͷ룬īԲôġ֮ҪҪһƬҶƬȫΪЯȥ˵ϢһͷԪػ˵̺ϢĹĳϣѾ˵Ҳػ޵ľС
һһ죬˶ˣػȫɥʧϤϢ»һĥ
ϷһϾ
Ŀ࣬һӣС죬ԼĶ䡣
˵Ԫī룬ѰˣҲΪһչָİ˿
ԣīҪҶƬ޸Ƶɣȫƭ˵ġ
Ҫ֪һͷܹ龳ޣԲǷ֮ĸԸΪһͷػޣضݵԵɡ
Ϸп
ȻϷ䣬Ȱ磬ȻīôҪǾͲҪ߹˰գ룬ǲժ˹ī뿴ˣһ絶ʣʹ
δ䣬Ϸɫһ
ҹ뼧ˣҲЦãꡣ
ϾǸŮˣĵʱƣػ
ν֮ಹ㣬֮ࡣ磬ǿʳַ򣬾ڶŮ鳤վѳɴ
ժȡͨ䣬ǵһλԵ򲻿ΪһʱʧԵ
ңΣڵϦΨժȡǲлԮ֣˳
ϷĵظƵػ
ԭüЩ̣һ˵ժȡԮ׵ĹؼʱȻڣĵƽһɼ֮飬޲ժȡ״֮ʾȳ
ǿ߰ա
ߴһ
ʱϷҹˣüͷչһЦ
ݣݣݣݣݣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ϸҹһˣת໥ϢĹ򣬱ͳһᲽɽĻĹطӶȥ


778 컨
¡¡
֮ϣīĽƵ͵͵ѹ˵ͷ޾׹˸䣬۳һǧɷԲУֲ֮
£ߣ׹ӿһըƽضͷƤըëȻ
ɷħƽ٣ܹ׽٣ԽԽֲ񣬵׽٣ҲΪֲһ׽٣
ɷħƽ٣֮Ժųܹɱʥ߼Ĵڣľһ׽٣
۶ôɲʥߣô˳ؿǰ׽ٵĺһ׽٣һ
Хն죬Ŵİʥײһҧʣʱ䲻ˡҪ׽ٽ֮ǰսĻһ׽ٽӲ͵ϮôҾֻһغˡ
һˣ׵ʱŭһٻŵȣһǰһ󣬻ΪӰֱźӲɱȥ
罣
ǹ
ֳֽűǹһʹ߶ȫɫѪԪӿ糱̼䣬һĽâһ֧֧ǻƳգХųźӲȥ
ߣŽ壡ͷȻ븺翹ǲ֪
Ҳá
Ҿһ£ħʮλʥӣӵеĿֲս
һЦӲʱħͷһöȭͷСİ׹ֱӭס
һߣħƳ湾ֽһԳŵɱȥ
ħƳ棬ȻΪóٿӳ棬ֵзٿص꣬Ƴһ߿ܡ
ǣսҲԲС
ӲһħƳ棬ӵʥ쾳Ϊսƻư磬īĶԴԴϵشӿһմȾͻѣΣʶģĵָ

̼䣬ױӲһ𣬶ȣħƳһÿռ𵴣ɽ飬߿֮Уһӿ±ɫ
ȣ
ʩչӡһΣƾջΪһ⣬ʧԭأͬʱе罣һһɫâʱ˺ѳգΪһɵƥֱźӲȥ
һ⧲ĺӲֱУĽâصںӲĻ֮ϣһɽѰıʵĻ֣ɽһ㣬͵عѿһ֩һѷ죬֣ȥīĻ֣Ȼǧٿףҡҡѡ
߾
ûȺӲӦһһಣܹ֧ƵһߣֱźӲȥ
ҹ
ħ
ɱ⣬Ӳͫһȫʥƴصֵƿն
īħħ֮ӿգ֮䣬۳һɵħͷ͵ſѪڣƺ׼һڽ֧ȫС
飡飡飡飡
˭룬죬޾ħ۶ɵħͱĲƬ
ţʣֻδЯŰʥ͵ںӲĻ֮ϡ
䡭
ɽıռΪ֮˻ǧսޣӲĻ͵رѿ
ã
ʱӲȻһ
ͣ
һ̣һ֧˺ӲţӲ˿֮УѪⷴת͵رŽѪĿġ
ˣ
һ֣ϲá
ϧû˷ܶãӡһĻĿ࣬ʲôýǹȻֻǴ˺Ӳţûǰᴩ
ŴӲеײһ
֧ȫѪ۶ɣɺѪ쳣ͨ˵һһʥ߾ûֵ׾ͻᱻᴩţǱըѪɣΣ
ǡ
ýǹȻֻǴ˺Ӳ֮Уᴩû
ɶ񣬾Ȼ˽ղ֮

ؿϯĴʹӲɫ׵Ŀ׶ƺҪ˶ɡ
ͬʱ͵һصһŵʱķѣΪ˷Žȥ
ţӲؿԼĪȭͷС˿ڣۿӵٶȣɿ޸
Ӳħ죬ڶࡣû뵽Ƕ˵ؿֲ
զп
Ž塣ҺӲΪħʥӣƷȻ޷ᲢۣҲ
Ҫ֪ǰħ壬Դϡ٣֮£佲ǣǿ˵ʤΨһ
һЦӲͷİ׹ٿغ䣬һīʱ˻꣬׷䣬ɫεΪ׳ۡ
ţӲǣҲ˶ô
Ȼһ


779 ħ
ףӵźųƻĹŵһʵŽ壬˵УŽĹţܵС
Ȼ˵ʱǨŽ˥Ĺ֮ʱͬն
ǣƷʣͬʿ֮УûжܹᲢۡ
պյɲ塢壬׵ŽҲѷɫ
˭룬ӲƷʣȻ׵ŽҲ಻
׸е־档
ԭΪֻҪʹɱ֣ץסʱһлὫӲһɱ뷨ƺЩ쿪
ƴȫñǹһ˭룬ںӲɵˣֵһᣬʹ
Щɥ
ƺ͹˺Ӳˡ
ؽҧ΢΢³һͷһ۸߿ʱµ׽٣ý
˵Ӳǿȣ˵ÿֲҲ֮е顣
Ҫ֪Ӳħս֮У˵ʮսնɱǧͬħʥӡ
ǲǿûпܶõʮλ
ϾħԴ壬Ҫϡٵö࣬˵ħ֮УϡԴȱȱ鵤ҩǷ׭֮١ħֱá
ҲΪʲôħ岻һеҪսжȡ԰
νɽˮʲôĻͳʲôˡħΪԴϡ٣ԣħʿֶ֮ϣҪѷɫ١
ħΨһ̵ģԼ
ҪΪˣҪƴǣԼýղɸ֣ѹˣɾ
ÿһħ壬ʮֽǡ
϶ԣʿǿϣձҪȰħѷɫǣԴϣȴԶͬħ壬鵤ҩǷ׭óһЩðħ˫Ź⣬ˮֱ
ӲΪһħʥӣħս֮նʮҫĳ˵ǿȣڰħ֮оǳ͵Ĵڡ
٣Ҳǰʮλ
һȽϣӲǿȣ಻Ҳпԭˡ
Ǻǣа۽ǰרͨħ꣬ħʩչҲ۽磬Ŀ
һ㵵ɫӲɵһЦ
ͷ֮ϵİ׹ʱϬת̼䣬һīħϯûһƴСһëѩ䡣
Ū飡
ױһеƴĹңǿѪ𵴣һ֧֧۳Ρ
˭룬ʱ
ǧī׷֮Уתѿһ޶ĿĻ䡣
ȥɽ֮У˻ĺ
˾ǣīɳ֮֮ŵĻ䣬Ȼɢһ͵Ľ⣬âɣУ˻Ȼ֮䣬Ϊ磬һϡη֮飬޲̹ߵŰݡ
ʲôħȻܹӰ˵Ƿǲ֣ڰײ棿
ϯķ⣬еİɱȻ֮٣ȡ֮һƽͻ֮顣
ҿԼᶨȫһ֮䣬ָ
ΪŽ壬û뵽ôʹħĻ֮ѹرġ
תۻָѵףӲɵ΢΢棬һ̣֮ϣ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ž壬ҵҪǷܹڷҫ£նɱԼİŮˣ
ζһЦӲʱȫ߶ͷϷİ׹
֮䣬ĿһĻˡ
صħȻ͵ذεض𣬻۳һ䷽Բɵľͽ֣硣

ӲһУͽʱݵһɵ˺ӲĽ£Ӳڻ֮Уƴʥ
䣡
ӲһٿأһΣһ޴Ļƾճ׵ǰȥ׸ߡ
˸еǣӲûɵĻ󣬾Ȼһģһ
׵Ůˣƺ
񣬺ӲȻûģվһͽ֮ϣƴӣ˲ֱӡ
ءһµĹңʱиӲ񣬾˸˸
ʲôʲôʱ컯ɾ֮У
֣ɱɢĿ֮У¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԣҵҪ£ûн컯ɾ֮УһУ϶ǼٵģǺӲʩչĻ󣡡
͵һҡͷԡ


780 ׯε
ףΪŽ壬Լͣһ·УδԵĥ£񣬿˵ʯ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫԣڿĵһʱ䣬ûбûԻǣһ˲䣬жĻٿնġ
ǡ
жϣ׵ʱٶǹӿĽɫѪɿ۳һ֧֧򣬺ȻǺӲ۶ɵĻ
ʲôа۽ǰطȻû˳ƻŽǣŽԣδҲ̫ˣ
Һãа۽ǰطܹΪ㣬һ㣬ֻǻ󣬶ڶ㣬ǻþŽټͣҲԴӻþѳ
Ӳüͷһ壬ΪƣƬ̣֮ϱ¶һĨŵЦݣҵҪŽǷܹѺ쳾ɱ֤
ںӲĴ߶֮£ͽ֮ϵȻĵس˸裬תƻö
ȥ֮ϵƴŮף޲ɷ
ʲôȻϲĸ衭
ʱһ٣һʱ仢ĿԲɫ͵ضŽ֮ϵ
ɱ̼ĥ٣ĵƽһˮ顣
ܣûн컯ɾ֮Уһжǻһǻ󡭡
͵һرģرʶţ롭ٵȫεӰԼжϡ
ܿ죬ɱٶӿͷ
ɱ
ٿأױһ͵ָһɡ
ݣݣݣݣ
ʱ֧âԻƳգžͽ֮ϵġȥ

֧̺Űʥͨ쳹أ͵⧲ġֻһҵĽָ磬㡭
磬ӯӯڲļ֮СʱѿһȭͷСѪһʱѪŽƤⷭתȥ޵ϢٵѪ֮УĿġ
ȣ
͵˫³һ
˭룬ΪǰѾ֧ʱĿľ׳ɵۡ
ϰϰɽײ֪ʱѾ̫ķ嶥ȴڵѪУһס
ָ磬Դ컯ɾ֮л֮󣬾ͱħٿһ߿ܣ
񣬸밵ħЯ֣¾ʼԴǣڣĽ𽣶춼Ź
£𽣶֮ɽеӣɥڡҵĸסҲУ
Һ㡭
ɫ԰ףնӯӯصѾǰָˣѾһħͷӯɱ޾ңҲŮˣڣҪɱҪУϤ㣡ɱ֮𣬲죬ҲŹ㡭
ײɵȻһɫŹ֡
ʲôҲ컯ɾ֮ôôͻȻ֮䣬˽𽣶̫嶥
һæ¹
ȥɽľд䣬ȻϤòϤĽ𽣶̫塣
΢棬˿˿⡣
̧ͷؿ̫Ͽգħƣɷ죬ǧİħ壬ƻһ߮ɽ֮䣬ħҹ棬¾Ž𽣶ĵӡ
ɽ䡢ּ䣬洦ɼһ߾ߺ˵ĽӲʬ壬ÿһʬ壬𽣶ʽۣĿҡ
˧𽣶Ѿ˳ƶһĿ꣡
׾֮䣬һħ졢ȫ׵İħ壬͵طɱڵأҾ
ɫһ䣬촽Ƭ̣һ仰˵
ʲô˧
ףʲôʱΪ˰ħĸ˧
һɫŹ֡
֡
׾֮ʣȫԡѪĺӲֱ׵ǰе׵ļ򣬡´󹦣򰵺ħ壬ڶ̶̵һʱڣ㳹׽ʼԴǣҹĿ࿴Ϊ˱㣬ڵĹƳ棬ָ䣬ӽҰħһԱ󽫣ҲҺӲĸ֣
һӲײɵȻһ͵һе罣ǹҪǰȥಫ
ӲĪҪףʲôʱ˰ħ߹
Ž壬Ҹ嵨ʲôʱɥĲ¾Լļ԰
ըףϡ
ȫʧصףӲĮһЦס֣Ž壬ϣܹףѾΪ˰ħӢۣȻҲΪˡĴ£ǰħ˳¾ٿնɱǧ飬иǰʼԴǣ
Դ컯ɾ֮УħƳٿ꣬ʧȥԼļ䣬Ϊһ߿ܣȫңҲǲҰڲ
ңӵŽķϣ󷢴ȱΪҵĸ֣´󹦣ڵĹƳ棬ָǣϣܹƣͶħ壬һҲħ߲㣬㣡
Ž壬ֻҪӦ밵ħ壬˳ռ棬ҷģһὫʼԴʹΪķأʱʼԴǵˡһСС̫Ҫö࣡
Ӳɣ˵컨׹͸׹ճһͼ
ʲô֮ǰ컯ɾ֮УħƳٿ꣬Ϊһ˰ڲĿܣ
ѾΪ˺Ӳĸ֣ǧħ壬壬ΪͿ̿ף
ڣҵĽ𽣶죬Ҳһָݻˣ
׸еͷʹѣǲ
Уƽһׯε֪Լ˺ǺԼо


781 ɱ֤
ò˵Ӳð׹ӪĻþΪʵ˲֪֮У԰Ρ
ڣԼͲεŽ壬ƽһׯεо
˿̣ȻֲԼ컯ɾ֮У̫嶥֮ϡ
·þеһУʵڵġ
ףȻ֮䣬ԼıӲٿ꣬Ϊһ߿ܣҳΪ˺Ӳĸ֣ǧİħ壬̵¾ʼԴǧ飬
ܡŽ壬ôᱻƳһ߿ܣ
ףҸ嵨ôΪħ߹
һУ϶ġ
ͷʹѣϢңڵԪѪҵײƤ֮бŽ˺Ƥ⣬Ѫע
ֿҪ߻ħĸо
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵תķʱԪضĹ켣ת̼䣬̨΢˫֮Уָһ˿
ǺǣŽȻ׹þ֮԰ΣҪ˶ãͻ᳹߻ħ
ãһѲ𣡡
ӲٿŰ׹ȫάŻþת׹þеףȻϢңԪĽʱϲЦտиֳһļı
þ֮С
ϰϰħ죬̫嶥֮ϣһƬɱ֮
ָ硭
ʶңҪ߻ħĵڣ̱Ѫ֮еˣϣܹаǰǸѪ⣬Ҹ嵨ָ硭
δ䣬͵һеһԶԴһʱ䣬ģ׵ģһ𣬱Ž


˫ѪҺ͵طǰͷʬ뻳У
ף߳жԼŮ˶ˣʲôɹӲд
ҷȻ磬׹ա
ң͵ر壬Ԫ𵴣ѪڣƺҪھ֮Ա
ݣ
ʱ׵Ӱֱƥ硣
ɽ֮У̳죬ҹϷһˣȫɽشӣٿأʶϷ͵ؾ쿴ֱһؿľԳž֮ϵĽƷȥˡ
ҹ˷׷һ٣ѭȥ
״˫ѪбһؿľԳŽƷӶȥľȫϢһϣεѡ
ãĪҪӲһ׽٣
ҹȻһ
״Ԫң߻ħˣ
Ϸ
߻ħ
񲻽һôܣϴΪŽ壬Լͣĥȫоյش԰ħĺӲΪξ߻ħˣ
쿴Ǳߣ
һָԶеĺӲ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲俴Ӳλá
˿̣Ӳվһͽ֮ϣȫ磬ͷһö׹һ
ͬʱ·ģںӲư쵺·裬һޱȹĻþ۶Կһۣп׹У޷԰Ρ
ãǻþ
Ϸڵһʱ䷴Ӧʱһڳȫεûв´Ļ׹˻þ֮УңӶ߻ħˣ
ҹƸׯˣȫϢһϣɫҰס
֣ʲô취ô
æʵ
Ϸҧҧ֮ƣΨȫһٴݻٻþֻҪþ飬Ȼܹӻþ֮ѹ
δ䣬ҹˣȫǰһǰҪȫƻþ
š
˭룬ϷǵͺһȫӲӪĻþʮּͣð׹Ϊý飬͵ĿֲþϢ٣ûпܵ֡
óȻǰ½ֻаװ
Ϸҧ
ǣܹܲ߻ħѰ̼
ҹֱƷӶȥףֱš
ûǾƴҲҪһ
ƴˣ
ɫǺ죬߷ߵػȭͷ
ƴˣԴ̣ϣ
ʮһúƸׯһ־ɳǵļơ
ȵȣ
Ϸٿʵһַ
ҹȫ΢΢һ
ְ취ȽðգҲֻһ·ˡϷɫϾǾǡþ֮У
ʲôþ֮У
ͫһ
ûþ֮УΪþһ֡
ϷɫϾȻǵʵԴݻٻþǣþȴûʲô谭
񡢶ҹ֡Ƹߵˣһһ
þǰ׹ӪģʮֲֿʯףԵֵЩ߻ħ
ϷҹֵóȻУһ˲䣬ͻʶңǡ
֣ǵʵóȻþ֮У¾ֻ·һʱ򣬱˵ǾԮˣ뽫ѱ
ҹҡͷ
֮ϣ׻һؿľޣɫ롣Х죬Ѫע


782 Ǭ
ҹϷֵˣһл̼֡
޲֮ʣԶĵ͵ػֵݡĵâЯ޾ʥӿ糱ϯֱӽħƳݺݵ˳ȥ

ħƳ淢һĲҽ
ণ
һеĵȣƺܵΣĴһҪþ֮С

˭룬ػħƳ棬Ȼ͵طǰһճڵ˿붯˲۳һֱӽȸС
ʱȸо̶ȫ£ãٲά裬ʱ̼˻
ণণ
ڵȵУǧֻ׻ȳ棬͵طӶ糱һ㣬ӿ˰׹ӪĻþ֮УƺҪ㾡ȫ״ӻþ֮ȳ

ʱһƶ촫Ĥ֮УĽ׻ȳ棬ģ̾ͻᱬ鿪һغ
ȻĽ׻ȳ棬˳س˻þ֮УͷӬһ㣬˷ײ
쿴׻ȳӿ˻þ֮У
Ϸ־ϲؿ߿еĻþ϶ǵȸֵܵΣ״ʼԮˣ
ҹ֡ˣ׷ѭȥ־ϲ
׻ȳ澳ΪߣҲ֪˷ӿþ֮Уܷ˳ȳ
ҹһѺ
Ƹߡׯˣһ˫ֺʮĬĬ
Уȫ߶׹ĺӲȻǧĽ׻ȳӿ˻þ֮УʱȻһѪ
ĵĳӣȻӿҵĻþ֮УߣŽˣþɰ׹Ӫɣǽ׻ȳֵܹģ
ڣҾЩĵĳӣһŽᣡ
ЦһӲȫ߶׹ͷų˰ɱ
þ֮Уϰϰ̫嶥֮ϣһƬɱ֮
׻״ƺʱԱİŮѳ顭
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣǧֻ׻ȳ棬͵ӿ׵ǰ
ţǡ׻ȳ棿
ɫһЩԼ۾ԭҵ飬Ҳͻأ٣ȡ֮һԱĸ㺡
׻ȳ棬컯ɾ֮нĳȺ׻ȳĳ֣ٶ뵽컯ɾ
ʱӿͷ׸оͷʹѡ
ণণণ
׻ȳһþ֮УͺͷӬһ㣬ҷ裬ڣȥһƬӻҡ
أΪʲôûпȣ
һʼϵȡ
⵶ȣǽ׻ȳĳֻҪһ£ǧֻ׻ȳ̾ͻ˳ָ
ণ
þ֮İУȫֵŲڽ֮ϵ˿ٿأһӦ׵ĺ
ʱһ٣۾׽ͨ˵ֻҪȽ࣬ԭԭظ֪ףô׾ܹ״ӻþ֮
þ֮УϰϰħӿӲȫת׹ͼƳǧֻ׻ȳ񣬿ϧ׻ȳȻ£ǣڶ࣬гǧֻӲٿŰ׹ҪڶʱȫеĽ׻ȳ棬ֱһƴĹ̡
߿У׻һؿľĿ壬ɫ䡣
ʲôҸûбħƳٿֻ׹˰׹ӪĻþ֮У
ǰһУٵĻ󣿡
նĳ
ȵ״߻ħıԵ˻
˵׹ӪĻþת䣬ȫһƬռ䣬Ѱʿͼͨþ֮е׽йͨ쿪
ķģڵһʱ
ǡ
ȴܹϵ
Ϊ뵶֮䣬ǩԼͨһС
ֻһܹӦԷҪתԼ

þ֮У͵תԪصһеġƬ
ͬʱһΣֱΪһ⣬˺Ӳǰ
ô£ŽȻİŮ˸ˣ
ĪǣѾ˻þ
ӲȻһ׵񣬶һ˿ء
Ȼһ̣úӲһ鷢ˡףȻһǰһ񣬡ɺ̧٣Ϊ˧ӽұͶ밵ħ壬Ϊֵұۣ
Ӳɫ΢䣬оΪ˼顣
û뵽ŽɱϣȻɱ֤鶼ó
Ӳ˼⣬ҲãÿԽūۡ
Ž壬ɵúãûпۣ
ӲͷЦһ͵ףȻͶϣôΪ˱ϣȹߵȻٽҵʶӡ


783 һ֮
ô˵лĹһŽ壬عڵأԼߵ飬һ룬úӲеױȵü
Ҫ֪ӵŽף֮УǺųһһ˵Ĵڣϣ޳ң쳹壬ν˲֪˲
ܹŽϥأߵŰݣȻһΪֵҫ顣
ںӲħʥ˵ֵԺ뼤պص棬ҲһԴ꣬ͬǰޣħʥӵ뾴塣
ߣ֡ȻҴӦĸ֣ǣŽ壬һħʥߵǾ޿ܵ顣
գǽǧУҲûһ˿һء
ɫϡ
ӲɵɫһΪơ
ûϵһݻþ֮УңҲ˵ÿһĸԣ׹Ķĥ׸׳Ƴڵ֮ѡ
Ҳա
ӲεؿЦһҧ⣬³һξѪţһöʶӴƯ뾫Ѫ˲Ϊһ壬Էɵ׵Ķͷǰ
Ž壬ٳĻʶ֮һʶӡӲͷشߴٵ
΢΢һе罣ɫȴǹž޲֣㲻Ϊ˱ңѾڵĹƳ棬ָҵ֮ôΪҪҵʶ֮һöʶӣ
֪һúӲʶӣԼʶ֮Уô׵˼룬ȫƿںӲС
ӽ׾ǺӲūͣһģӲֻһ׵ʶͻӦѣһغ
˵ǲɽܵ顣
Ž壬Ҫ֪֮ҪڵĹƳ棬ǿ㳬һ֮ϣԸΪһ߿ܣѵô񣬽һ׸Ŀܣū͵λãЯжӦж²ǡ
Ӳ°ͣ
ūͣҪж£
װЦһسźӲȥȻºЦ⣬֣ĺ񰮣ͳػʶӡ
Ӳɵɫϲ׵񣬸˸˸Ź⡣
ԭӲƻħƳ潫һ׸Ŀܣδܳɹ
û뵽ð׹ӪĻþȴ׾ٵعƻ׵Ž壬ԸΪһū͡
ҺӲȻħʥ֮ʮǣֻҪ˳Ž壬ؽǴһʱеһħʥӣǰҪ֣һء
ңҲΪħĹܵãõЯӽ󣬻Ե»ò
Ӳ˷ܣʼ档
ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УϷҹˣһͫ׽һգգضŸ߿еĻþÿһ˾ȭͷգϰֱġ
쿴ӲƺҪֵʶ֮һʶӣֱӽū۳һū͡
Ϸ
ģǧĽ׻ȳ棬Ҳδܻ֣ӣɾˡһĽ˺ӲʶӣôҪڣҲûлˡ
Ǻã
ҹ֡ˣһֱš
þ֮Уϰϰһ΢Ц֣̬ƽӲĻŭţ֮ϹЦݡ
һöָ״СʶӣһξѪƯ׵ĶͷǰͣزţٲȻѾЩȲҪ׵ʶ֮Уƿ׵

˭룬ǧһ֮ʣ͵رһʥ罣͵ش˺޷ĺӲ
͵һ̺Űʥ罣ɱ죬һ֣͸һֲֿѹȸС
ã
Ӳ⧲֮£ֻüܿҪ
ֻһƽ˺ѣӲһֱֱۣӱ׸һϣʱѣѪ䡣
ء
Ž壬С֣Ȼͻʩɱ֣
ӲҺһһֻߵķһ㣬ֱӱԶ׹ڵأһʱ䣬̳
ͬʱںӲͷϷİ׹Ҳһ˲âɢƯģǷ䣬ΪһīḶ́١
ӲıӵȻͼڻþ֮УҽʶӣΪūͣδҲ̫쿪ˡ
ҵҪǷң
һ͵һ罣һһնϯȫ½Ӳӣһս
ͻһĻϷҹֵ˵Уȫ־ϲԼ۾
쿴Ƴ˻þһն˺Ӳֱۣ
ҹ
Ҿ˵ּ࣬һܹƳþΪĵġ
ָƶЦ
ƸׯˣһҲƶЦϲԽ


784 
ɽ֮УХ̳죬ȥһƬɲ֮
Ӳ̱ڵأѵֱۣһĴ̹ǵʹúӲɫ԰ֽȫ¡
ȣ
ͺһӲһֱͳһö鵤УͬʱƴתѪ֮䣬ѵұ۱ۿӵٶ޸ϡ
Ϊ˵ĹŵŽ壬СˡȻܹа۽մطþ֮ѳ
ӹһ٣ȴģҲֻڤ
ӲЦ
˵ܹƳþӲһúӲĵ𺳡
Ҫ֪׹дطþǰħպа۽յרͨ
꣬а۽ڰħ֮УҲպա˵һվڰħĽ⡣
ǳϧǣа۽һս֮УȦףܶΧպ޶ա
ˣİ׹ҲӵŰ벽Ʒʣ̺ĻþطǿԻԪʿ
˵׹ʩչطþǺӲ׹УҲֻоһ³Ҫʮ
¡¡
ٿأ֮ϵɷħƽ죬ɽѣ䣬¡ըףɽ飬عѣȥħӿһƬɱ֮
ֲ׽ƣ޾ʥӸ߿ϯ£ѹ˵ͷ˴Ϣãεѡ
ǺǣŽ壬ڵˡ
ڵԪȻľһ棬һ·ҲԵֲֵ׽٣
ҵҪ㻹ʲô취Ϊ档
ӲһЦһħնбס
ſֲ׽ѹһɫһƬƬ֮䣬ȴһһĨ֮ɫֶŽ壬̰գҪҲҪ汳ģ
˵ţ͵һе罣ԳźӲķ˶ȥ
ߣȫʢ״̬£һɵ֣ǣǿ֮ĩʲôɾ㣿
ҡҡͷӲ߶׹ǧâһʵĻֵʱ۶ɣػ
ͬʱеħħӿɱ磬Ƭ̣۳һɲħԳ׷˶ȥ
ɱ
ɱ
İɱ׵ͺһ˫΢΢е罣ԡѪɣ졣
ণ
ণ
ԶУīڵȵϣõȣ̼ٲά裬·̶֮УȫáܵƣߵԡѪսʱһ˻
֮ʣԮ̵ܹģΨȵĽ
ɱ
ɱӿͷƺȴ޾ηس׶İħ
ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УϷһˣȫҽҧ
ãƣߣ֧Ų˶ˣ
Ϸ̾Ϣһ
ҪǻָԪҲԹۣʲôæﲻϣ
ҡͷԣгһĨ̼֮ɫ
ҿ֮Ǿҵī룬ǩԼùֻҪǾùһܹڶʱڻָԪʱ򣬱ǺӲڣ
ػһȭͷ
ûż羡ù
΢㡣
һ׼Ჽʮ𼱵ظɽʱ̣ׯٿؾ۾һգգضž֮ϵĽƣһĨҰ֮ɫ¶
λ쿴׽٣Ѿ۳ˣ
ׯɤǿ˼Ϊֲޡ
Ϸҹˣȫ̧ͷȥһ̣ÿһȫҽĿ࣬Լ۾
䣡䣡
䣡䣡䣡䣡
߿֮У׹һӴ֮Уһ׳ķĿ𾪵ǣ֮еȻ໥һ𣬺Ȼγһ
һɫߣī֮δܣž죬ͷʹѣڱѪ
ʲôɷħƽΪֲĵ׽٣
Ϸͫ׽Ϊ֮
ɷħƽٵһ׽٣δҲֲ̫ˡȻϰһ𣡡
ҹɫҰףҪǲұסˣת֮ͽҷһغ
ѹ֣ɷħƷ׭ųױܺɱһʥߣԭһ׽٣Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
ֵһ̶ֳȵ׽٣ʥҲԵֵ˵ЩԪ綼δ̤꿡ˡ
ȫʢ״̬£Ӧֵܹ־ƣߣΣ
Ϸ͵һ߬ȭͷ


785 һ
˭ûϵɷħƽٵһ׽٣Ȼ˵ÿֲϰ۳һ
Ϸҹֵܿȫʢ״̬£дĻᡣ
ȻƣԪտҲҪһ׽٣һܵ顣
ণ
Ϸҹһĵʱ̣Զеĵȣ͵˻һ

ʱڵȵٻ֮£ǧֻ׻ȳ棬糱һ㣬Գ׵ķӿһǧֻ׻ȳ棬ͻ۳һźĳƣ׵ͷ
쿴׻ȳ۳һƣҪֵֵһ׽ˣ
Ϸ
ҹɥҡҡͷ׻ȳȻڶ࣬Ҫֵɷħƽ٣ǲܵ顣Ҫ˳ֵ׽٣۷
ԸܹٶȻΪģɹ˽٣
սеĹǽ

߿УӲҲƵزһ𣬴ذ˻
ٿأ䡭һӲ۶ɵħ׸һնϣǻΪһ⣬ƲХ
ߣҵҪֵܹʲôʱ򣡡ӲŲת͵غ󳷰֮Զ
¡¡¡¡
֮УһīȻ۳Σ޾ʥϯƳ죬ʱп£
Ǻǣɷħƽһ׽٣Ȼ׼Ž壬ձڣ
Ӳһ۾֮ϵ΢΢һ
ಣ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣʩչӡӰñ䣬৵һƾʧ١
ʲôŽʧˣ
ƾʧԭصףӲ΢΢һƬ֮䣬ЦߣɷħƽѾŽϢںδһ١
Ӳգ
ٿأ׵ͳɤںӲı
ӲȻһæת
ʱݵһ׷˶˫˫ţǰצһ㣬Ӳס
ʱӲֽţȫ׸סã
ãϽҹ
ħ׹
һצһסֽţӲʱл̼
֮ϵħƽ٣һ׽٣Ǳ׸סôһ£Ӳһܲ
ʱ򣬵ƾӲҪûпܡ

ʱħ׹ںӲĲٿ֮£ҲƵɱ
ǺǣҵҪҪνҸߣ
ŴâһѪĵ͵زסӲһһ㣬ҲƵת
ͣͣͣͣ
ʱһâϯ£ת֮Уס
ϧֻмٵĵâףĵâȫںӲ֮ϡ
ء
Ž壬Сˣַſң˵
ӲͷŭХ
˿̣Ӳȫ£ƤѪȥĿġ
ǺǣҵҲҪû飡
ȫӲȫסӲֽţԼĵơ
ǿȣ׶ҪȺӲǿһ
ԣӲҪڶʱ׵ǳѡ
ң֮ϵȻƴݲúӲóԥ
Զɽ֮УϷҹˣһ׵ľٶȫǰһƶЦ
ֺüƲߡ
ϷпǧȻ뵽ҪסӲúӲѲãһӲ֮£ֻȫת׹ֵħƽˣ
ӲʵȻǿǣƾһö׹˳ɽˣ
ϲԽ
һλΪˣ
ҹ΢΢һЦ
ߣǸϽùָʵĻ׽һϴƱؽƣߣʱ򣬶Ϊϵ⣬׸
һӣһȵسɽش
Ϸҹֵˣһ󣬽Ųתһ̶ͣ
ͬʱӲҧŭ죬һŽ壬Ȼ˴ļƲ
Ҳգұֵֵɷħƽ٣׽֮һҪңʬΣ
ӲɫŤ
䡭
ʱһī׳̺ſֲʥ߷һɫĵ䣬֮ռ䱬𵴡
׹ħ죡
Ӳȫת׹
ֻݵһȭͷСİ׹ʱһĽת
ĲᣡĲᣡ壡
ʱһӴķƾ۶ɣªаȻһа۽յ˾㵵ǣа۽յ񣬾Ȼûһ˿һ徻֮ûз⻤壬෴а۽յϣһħƴħͷֲ֮


786 ҹ
ɶŽ壬Ȼҽ׹еһ˿Ԫˣ
գҺӲѪģǧУңѿΪһӹˣ
Ӳŭ죬ֱһġ
ʿ˵壬ħ壬塭׷£ɾϴĸ
û˻ĸģȻӲȴôˡ
ȻӲ׵ĶУѾﵽ˼£
޲̽ǧУң
䡭
ֻһըӴ͵شӲҶ
ĲᣡĲᣡ壡
а۽յľ޴նػӲͷħ죬ɱڡ
ڣ̺޾ʥ͵زа۽յ֮ϣ̼䣬ƻײ򣬿ֲײ´
һټֱӲа۽յ֮ϡ
¡¡¡¡
ʱа۽ȫ£ߣֲʥ糱һ㣬ϯƺһ˲䣬ܹǧ硣
Ӳ׵Ŀ⣬ȫа۽յ֮ϣᵽɤ۵λá
Ǻǣû뵽׹֮оȻ̲һ˿Ԫܹûа۽յһ񡣡
а۽յֵɷħƽ٣Ӧò¡
ϲЦտ
ӲţѵŸ߿лײһĻ
ĲᣡĲᣡ壡
ȥֻа۽յڣ͵ӿ޾ħħаһ־۳ǧٸֲĶħƴؿҧ
Щħ۶ɵĶħһֳҹ棬ײѪȻǰ̺޾ɫطӵǰƴسŵߵķȥ
˾̾ǣǧٸħĹ֮£Ȼ˲âʥɢڣвٵֱӶѿķѡ
ֳҹĶħÿֲȻͽˣ
һпһζɽ٣ʮа˾ǳɹˣ
һˣеʱһɡ
ߣ׹۶ɵаɷħܹᲢ۵ģ
׹ɷħƸͲһΣ
Ҫûз鼱֮²ִٳ֣ҪͷŰ׹вдһ˿ԪֱƾŰ׹Ժɷħƽ١
ڰ׹ӲΪš
ͬħ׹ĵȼҪɷħƸ߳üΣħԣħҪѹơ

ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УһɣӰת˲һͷڵصīǰ
ȻīѾϢ٣ڵأǣɽ׳Ϊ龳޵ĿֲƣȻϷҹһľóȻǰ
Ϊ˵龳ޣױȣҿīѾϢ٣ĻҪܡ
΢ҡп
֡
֡
ϷҹֵˣǽĿͶ˼
ȻԸ³çײڳӵɲļٲȻΪ˻ˡ
λīչ̸С
ɫϾѹѹ֣һһӡǰīƤӵ¡
ǰ֪֮ǰǩЭ飬𣿡
񣬹ʵ
Ȼīǿ֮ĩڼ񲢲вձ龳ī룬Ǽµġ
ī΢΢̧صƤƮƮбһۼֺ˫ͬʱһ뼧Ժ֮С
ɵȻһʧʲôδ㲢׼֮ǰĳŵ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣֱš
ΣīǲϽôϷҹˣҪָʵףȫǲܵ顣
֣ô£
ֽеĹǽż
һɬҡͷ̾Ϣī˵Žħʥӵսδֳʤ׼гŵ
˲ɫһ
īǿǽͷݣı߷ǱߵŽӲʤδ֣īԹۣƣȻ׼ʤߴЭˣ
ׯҧһͷƻī롣
˱죬ҡͷ̾ϢʵҲ֮顣īǴЭ飬ȴӲɱˣʱǵõĵرҪӲУӲΪûѪģԣȻɱī룬ھĹ֮еر
ڳļˣһ¶ɬ̼ѡ
УīһҾͲ˵
ҧҧһʵǰһ񣬡ǰҪǺӲȻƸʢǣǰħʥӣħԴ٣һɱ̰ҪЭ飬ǾԲܵ顣ʱһʹɱ֣Ĺ׳죡


787 Ѫ
ûħײ̰Ϊ˶ȡԴɱ޶ҵһ龳ֵķĹ϶ǧټƵѹեԴʱҪػĹǲܵ飡
͡
ǰ˼а
Ϸ
żĽ飬īƤ΢ƣԹԵسһʱûгƺһ˿ǡ
Ը𱬵ϷȺ򲻼æǰһظǰģֻҪǴЭ飬һѪģسŵ⣬˹İǼҲܹڶʱڻָԪʱɱӲ׾ٵ顣
ãҴӦǣ
Ϸķī΢΢³һڱѪģ֤Э֮󣬲÷ڣĻͻᱻΪһӹˡ⣬ҪȫɱӲ󣡡
Ϸ˵ȫȰ˵֮£īڸı⣬Ӧ˵
ȻϷҹˣӲħʥӣīвҪ
Ͼħ̰ײУҪ˵ӲһԴڵ졣
ԣҪػĹֻϷ˺
ȻˣΪһʧī뻹ϣϷܹһɱӲһɽеطĹҲᱻħ֪ӶĻˡ
ҪīûҲͰˣӵ龳Ϊǽ컯ɾеİħȫ֣ҲԶԶīĶ֡
ϧ
˪һɱ֮īȻԪϢ٣ҲҪʮزָܹȫ
ԣڴڼ䣬ī벻ϣκ߶ţӰָԪ
лǰ
лǰ
õīĿ϶ҹϷֵˣʱϲЦտȸԾ
£һȲҧ⣬³һﴮľѪʼ壬Ѫġ
һһööķ׭ɶ̺ſֲϣ˵֮Уγһε
һΥԣô̾ͻᱻΪ޸֮ӹˣеΪҲһ˲ɢΡ
ǰѾ壬ѪģӦÿгŵ˰գ
Ը𱬵Ϸ첽ǰߴٵ
أҪֶУ
𡭡
īش֮վҡҡλεÿӣػһ׶ߵĹ¶˳
һѩ˪Ĺޣ磬һɫʺڹΧ̺龳ֵľԪʮ
ȥһܹƬҶÿһƬҶ࣬޶Ŀ
Ǵ˵еĹô˴۽簡
Ϸզп
һ̺龳ֵľԪǲɶõĵرУһܹڶʱһٷ
ҹƶЦ
֮ǰƬҶһƬҶ͸˱˪һƬҶзáǱ˪ǺھΪ֮ϣ˷ԾԵɱ䣬񣬹ʣƬҶǻָƣһٽ߲Σ
ֻеĹǽɫϲ
ǰǾͲˣ
ݺݵһĭ첽ǰһ˹ǰ˴֣Сؿһī롣
īڵڵأɫž޲
ȣ
ۿīûзӦ񵱼˺һƬҶһҶק
һƢĻ㣬˲ӿڱǣһá
ǰǴӦһƬҶ
ûмŽ𣬶ǲժһƬҶīǰҶ׸ī롣
īɫ࣬˫֮ͫӯӯٿأſһ£һﴮľѪӿŹҶ˲һһѪ
Ѫ֮У̲һƬҶ˵Ļ㣬
īĿⱯضǰѪɫͣƺ뵽Լǰˣĵӿֳһɸӱ㺡
źХСɽ㽡˶ī룬ȻЩ¶
˳ϣ
īĶզп֮ǰ˵īػޣ̳˾ѪûɵĹһŽɣޱȡ
˵ʵҪǵīڻָԪ֮ͻʩɱ֣ͳһЩ鵤ҩ͸ī룬Ȭ
Źǽп٣ͷīϣҿʲôһŵǧʲôƺ屡죡
īӵ龳Ϊȫ뿪Ĺأ׷ѰԼĵȻûôǳµػĹУֻΪģ
ī룡
Ʈϡ
ǰˡðˣ
Ƭ̣ۿīһʱԻָ񵱼˹֣Ųתֱ˹ԣ˫ֻ֦ɣ͵һΣ͵һֱӽ֦ɸ
һɫʺɢΪɵУɾء


788 ˭
֣
֣
Ϸҹֵˣڵһʱ䣬Χ£˼ǰÿһ˵ϾԶƵĿϲ֮ɫһзŹ⣬ȲҪһ
龳ֵʬĹδʥһ˵ǲɶõĵر
һ˲䣬ڳˣȫˣ
λ
˸˸Ź񣬼ɫϾسֻƬҶԣÿ˶ʸֵһƬҶ
ԣҪη䣬ҪЭ̽Ŀһڳһ˵ȡ
ϷҹֵˣϢһϣһż
ν޹»ˣͲ˰ա
ҶΪ󣬾ǣҲ֣Ҫ
ׯƸһĻæǰһ¶ļ
΢΢һЦߵǰ֣ҲҪҶ˵ҵǴҸģλĵر
ԣҶҲҪɵЦš
ãͷһģ
ϷЦΪϷŮˣĹɶ£Ϸӡ
ܹʣƬҶīһƬҶʣƬҶ
ׯƸߣԼһôʣĸʸҶ
ãһҶ㹻ˡ
ŹϷҹ˵ת֣֣֡ˣԿԵõһƬҶ
δ䣬һӣӹ˺ƬҶӣֱ𶪸Ϸҹˡ
ٺ٣ƬҶһָܹܿԪ
ϷеĻҶϲЦտ
̷һƬҶֱ֮ӽʥ߾磬֪ĸ̷һƬҶܹ֮ʲôΣ
Ŀ壬֮Щڴ
֣ǻǸϽҸƧ֮أȫָԪգΣڵϦԵ󲻵á
ҹһ̼شߴ
ΪȻص˵ͷһʣƬҶչһЦʣµƬҶһһƬϴġϴһ·չмӣҪʵûиĻҶһϴƬ
ҹϷ־ǰͷڼûһ˿һ顣
еҪԣԶûף˵ȡĵرˣϷҹˣҰһغˡ
ǺǣȻûа취ֶһЩǣī뻹Ӧ岿ͨ䣬˳նɱ˺Ӳ֮ѡһҲǶֵһֲˡ
ϷһԼĽ顣
ֵͷһЦֵĽǳãͬ
Ҳͬ
ҹͷһЦ
īʲôƷʵͨ䣬Щڴ
ҡҡͷ֮ѡͨ䣬ǻָԪȫնɱӲ
²˳٣̷ҶָԪϷԸ꣬ȻЩ಻ס
Ŀǰĸ̷һƬһһͻƣ벽Ԫ磬ܷһ¥ҪҵĻԵ
ҹԹԵֹš
˵ֵľΪ̷һƬҶ֮һܹһͻƣʥ߾硣ֵУΨһһаһ̤Ԫˡ
ҡͷһЦ
Ϸҹֵˣǰһͷ
֮ǰڰ벽Ԫ磬̷һƬҶֱӽʥ쾳硣
ҲѾ̤˰벽Ԫ磬̷һƬҶ֮Ҳܹ˳̤Ԫ磡
ʱ׵ʵƱؽһɳ죬ʵɱ䣡
ݣݣݣݣ
ʱһ˷ɿһ֮ϣϥƸߡׯˣֱվһλĿԶ۾ظϷҹ֡˻
ȣ
ŻҶȫëţΪΣûʱֱſ죬͵һڽҶС
飬飡
ʱһŨӹҶ֮ϯӿ˼֫ٺ֮С
ڼͷХһƽһɳ顣
ѾȲҪһٽȻնɱӲǸħʥˣ
Ϸŭһ˽ңֱӽеĹҶ븹С
һߣ붫ҹҲ׷̳˸ԵĹҶתԪָơ
ʱɺԵĵռ֮УһɹɸȪӿ룬ϴˢŽ
֮䣬Ϸҹ֡ϥɽ֮ϣһɹŨҩת۳һ
ׯƸߡˣһֶش֮Уɣԡʥ֮Уȫ˵ˬ


789 һͻ
Ũɷħƣڽһ׽֮󣬾ͷɢת֮䣬֮һƬ
ͬʱ׹֮ӲӲҲ뵽β

׹ȼһ˿Ԫͷųһа۽յ񣬸û˳ɰǧֳҹĶħЩħħأеҹ棬ȫŷ֮䣬飬һյ޵ֱӱ䣬ֻʣʮԻλƣ϶ѡ
ã׹еıԪҪĹˣ
ٿأӲ
䡭һһ̣ɰǧֳҹĶħһΪһƹ̣ƾʧ١
׹ҲùâžһӸ߿׹
ʲô׹еľԪѾĹˣ
пһ
䡭
һ̣ʮ̺ŰʥķԳӲϯ
Ž壬ſң
İƣӲŵȫ£ɫҰס
Ȼȴһȫ߶ڵһ˿Ԫ۳һʵĻ֡
˫֣ǵû˿ķɣڣرеĺӲ
ҲҪһ汳ģ
׵֮ϣ¶һĨζЦݡ
顭
һ̣ʮԴƵӲϣֲɫߣһ˲ƺҪӲըĩ
䡭
ɽ飬һֲıըÿռ˻ʧɫȥ̳죬һڰ֮Уž졣
ͬʱɽ֮еһ֮ϡ
ϣϷҹ˻ٿȻһһԶеıըΪ֮һ
ã˰׹
˪Ҳ֪Ƿ񰲺ã
վһԵׯƸߣҲһĲҰ֮ɫһѺ
Ϊ̳ߣ˸Զʲô״ǣӱը׵ĴǳΣա
ϾڵԪȻҪľˡ
ԸŽܹ׻
ׯ˼⣬תͷһڱĿǱ޵ĶҹϷˣҪ˶ãλҲָܹԪһͻƣʱŽܹϢˡ
ȣ
ٿأϷһ˫³һ͵һԾȫ£Ⱪ͹ԪĵһֲֿӾ
ɹָˣ
ľΪʲôˣ
ׯƸߣڵһʱ俴ϷһзŹ⣬Ŀ¶ڴ
Ϸ΢΢°ͣȻһЦѾ˳޸ƣָԪ⣬һͻƣ̤˰벽Ԫ磡
δ䣬ׯƸ߾һЦϲԽ
Ȼڶ̶̵ʱڣͻƣһ̤˰벽Ԫ磬ǿϲɺذ
ӣŽͲľ֧ˣ
ׯƸһİȻЦ⡣
硣
Ϸգգ۾һ̼شߴٵŽ׽ٲȥһ̽
ϷȻһæ𣬻Ϊһ⣬ԳԶз˶ȥ
Ӳ˺֣գڣ
Ϸҧȫʮë֮У͵ӿһشصɫȥϷͺһĻ
ʱ
֣ȵң
͵³һ˫Ӱһӣһ˸˸ĹǽֱԶշӶȥ
ҡ
ҹһ
ת֮䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫָƣҲ˾磬һܷԳԶӶȥ
ΨмɫأɣԲɵĿռ֮У뵣תһɾ֮
ţɲ壬ǳһôһָƣ
һؿ˼һۣתͷԶգȫ׵İΣǣˡ
̳ɢ䣬ʮһ˲䱬鿪ֲ񳱣ϯ죬ʧɫռ䱬ȥһĩ֮
֮ϣƾճһԲǧɵĴӡ
˿̣Ӳ̱֮УȫڣƱ׽ֱһؽ̿
ףǺӲϢ٣ɢ
ԼĪʮʱ䣬Ӳ˶ȫڵƤ⣬سӣһ񶾵ŲԶףŽ壬֮ʣҪҵ汳ģҿǳ׿Ԫ硣Ļһ٣ͦȥˡ
Ӳ΢΢Цӻͳö鵤ҩУͬʱȫ߶Ԫ޸̿Ƥ⡣
һըȻûܺɱӲǣȴ˺ӲһԪ
ߣΪ˵ֵըһԪŽ壬һζһغˡ
Ӳ֪ԪӲһˡ


790 ɥ֮Ȯ
ȣ
δָȫӲ͵һħ͵ط˵ȫڵǰЦһҪʹɱ֡
Ž壬ųĹŵҲҪɥ
նɱŽ壬ǴһӽҶڰħһ
ӲϲԽسЦ
˭룬ʱһгȻӲĶĤ֮УӲȷܹɱң
ԭ̱ڵصף͵ӣ޵һӿ³һѪһЦźӲ
ʲô㡭Ȼû
Բܣôû
ӲǿŹһףϢΪ֮һϡ
ߣһʮħʥӶûŽ壬ôô׾ɥȪ
ҡͷһЦǿŰ׳һźӲ
Ӳһеľ֮ɫŨһǵ͹ŽƷˡû뵽лҪֲö࣡
ϵһӲ͵һеħЦѾƣߣԪľҪնɱ㣬׾١ҵҪ㻹ʲô취׻
˵ţҪͻʩɱ֣һնɱס
ţ
ǧһ֮ʣ׵ͺһһźӲһȰ㻹ǸϽӰɣҪӵÿˣܱס
ĻҲұ֤һǷᱻǧУ࣡
һЦźӲͺǿһͷ׵ĸ
Ӳɵ΢΢һ΢Ƭ̣ʱͷЦһЦŽ壬ͷȻҿڳԣ޸֮ҿ⣿
ҪǧУࣿ
ӲҡͷЦھͽ࣡
ϵһħûһâ͵سȥ
͡
˭룬ûħףһ˸˸ĵâʹֱӽħ˳ȥ
ͻһĻúӲɵȻһ촽飬ʲôȻɱˣ
̧ͷȥӲɵпһ
ȫԡϷƻһư磬а벽Ԫ磬ػ׵ǰ
еһǽķ֣ɫͬӵŰ벽Ԫ磬ӲǿһޣʱҪǰ˺Ƭ
ҹһϮۣһһζؿźӲһһ֮䣬ֲϯȻҲһ벽Ԫĸ֡
ת֮䣬Ϸҹ벽ԪʿںӲǰһư磬ƻ
Ȼǣ
ǡôô޸ƣңһͻƣ̤˰벽Ԫ磿
ӲǿŹһ㿴Ϸҹˡ
ˣǰ벽Ԫ磬ƣΪȫںӲ֮¡
֡
֣û°գ
ϷҹˣôӲһĿ¶Ƶףͣ꺮ů
һ㣬ҿܾûˡ
ۿϷҹˣȫƳ죬˰벽Ԫ磬ײɵĻŭţеο̷֣֡֡˹Ҷһͻƣ̤벽Ԫİգ
Ϸҹ˲ɵһЦ˵ͷ
֣ǻ۽𾦣ʲô鶼㣡
ЦεͷܿϧǸǳû񺫸һ̤ʥ߾磡
֣ǸһƬҶ̷֮һܹ˳µسΪԪʿ
ϷһЦ
֣սԹۣúֵ֣ͣһὫӲɱġ
ҹһο
һ³һŲԶһ͵ĺӲƤգգ۾ֵһһֵҵ鰡
ӲҸղ㣬Ͽβ͹ϧ㲻ںˣҵֵܣȫǱƢңǶŹģ
ӣϵ½ûһܹﵽˣ
һӻͳö鵤ҩУȻһּЦźӲ
ģû뵽ЩСϺףȻԵɺ֮£ָƣͻƵ˰벽Ԫ磡
ĪΪƾ˵ʵܹɱúӲ
ߣҵҪͻ֮жôֲʵ
Ӳһҧȫ·磬ͺһֱӴ߶һöȭͷСİ׹ͷ֮ϣĽ
ͬʱеħҲƺЩȲҪսɱ¾
ֵǣϷҪˣ
ǺǣħʥӺúÿ۽磡
ҹϷһЦ


791 缸
ҹϷˣȫ˳벽Ԫ磬ھΪϣӲ൱¡
ңĺӲشԪĹ룬ȫʢ״̬
⣬ǻĹҵĶҹ֣ڽϷȫպ츳ǣһ֮У֮ͣӡ
츳ϣӲҲѷɫ
񣬶ҹϷ֣ȫĽӲһٻ
С֣
ҹͺһֳһʥһ벽ʥĸɱڣһ˺Ӳ
ɱ
ֱһеĹǽ˸˸һʱһĽâƳգնӲ
һ죡
Ϸڽɽһӵ񱬺һֱʩչר𣬵ʱӿ糱䣬Ļ𻨻ûһѤãĿ
νԶ۶ɣЩȻһ̼ͻᱻճɻҽƬ̣ĵطǻܣƺҪһ˲䣬ȫճһ̲ҽ
ԺӲڰħʥӣϷǷ֡ҹһ֣ȫ飬ƺȲҪڵһʱ䣬ӲǧУң
ĳһˣԼĵ⽣ӰӲɫ䣬æתԪ߶һöȭͷСİ׹ͷ֮ϣֻ׹˷ɿתƬ̣ʱһɹīħֶ£˲۳һʵĻֵ֣룬һīġdķ׭ػںӲ
һְħĹо
ͬʱӲƴħ޾ħ糱⽣Ӱ֮УŨҵħ˲۳һħɳ죬צسŶҹϷ˷˶ȥ
ߣӲȰ翹ˣ
ҹЦһеĸֶɣݵһɫĸٿһֱӽħ۶ɵ廨
ء
ħ찧ƴͼӸѳ񱩵ÿռ˻ɽѡ
ȻħԴӸ֮ѳ෴ħԽþԽǽð벽ʥĸǶħ֮УƺҪħ
һ
ݲǰа벽ʥĹǽ͵һӣֻһסħԶֱӱĹǽͷ­֮С
񱩵Ľϯħͷ­֮Уɢâ䣬һĿĵ˿˺˿
䣬ԭħʱϢ٣ˣȫŸȻв̶
ң
ϷͷЦ͵ǰдʣٿشһӣʱһƬ𺣴ӿ糱ֱħϯȥ

գһħʱת֮䣬ħӣͱճһƹ̣̼㳹ʧ١
ħʥӵֶôǲһ
ϷһһЦźӲ
ߣһΪħʥжôֵǰ磬һ
ֶ˶кĹǽɫȻ

ҹͺһһУֱӽٻ֮У紵죬նĶҹһƵģȻԵá񲢲ھһҵսֻɽˮ۹顣
Сӣ벽Ԫ֮󣬾Ȼ˵ĿֲȻһ棬ͽħһоƳˣ
Ӳɫ࣬ŷӶϷҹˣҧЦߣƾСӣҲ뽫úӲܣδҲ̫Цˣ
Ҫ֪ҿħʥ֮ʮĸ֣ħսնɱʥӣʬɽѪǧƣˣ
Ϊ֣ܹȲʤȯսʤҺӲ
ͺһӲ͵ش߶еħȫħӿֱɱϷҹˡ
ã
Ϸһȣӭǰȥ
ֲ󣬻к˸˸Ĺǽʩչ˻ĹŷҴһֶؽ
̼䣬תתƣһĽâڰߣۻң

ҹնûɱǰȥƮƮһӣͷ˳ȥ
ʱΪһɫ⣬һߣڰ֮Уٶȼ죬ȵʯ׽

Ӳħڰ׹мΪֲĸʴһһʴƤĶӿʮëףƺҪϷˣ˲丯ʴһ߸ʬ
ãħж
ƤһƸѵĸоֲ


792 
ߣСѵǴ֮ãҲóҡУ
ЦһϷԪĵϯ£̼䣬ͽħȼյһɶ
ʱ֮һƬ
֣ɵƯкá
Ϸһ߶𣬷ҲƵسźӲϯȥ
ֲа벽ʥĹǽ·ɣһâƳգֱźӲֶȥ
ݺЦ
Ӳȫħӭǰȥ

ʱһĽɽѣԲǧɵĿռ䣬Ƿӿһĩ֮
ȣ
ӲƳâǰ͵Ԫһ̺Űһͷ¡
ɱ
ѽѣѪҺڣƴһеĹǽӭǰȥ
˸˸ĹǽɱȻھѪϴ֮£񣬸ɽİʥȻ޾ɫ

ڣǽħصײһ𣬿񱩵ʥ˷ɢÿռ𵴣˻ɢްӡ
ʲôÿֲ֮
ӿİֻһ𣬺һΣʱ˳ȥ
еĹǽҲֶɡ
֣
֣
ŵɶķ֣ϷҹȫɫϾ
ûд󰭣ģ
ԪһǿסӣһУǽٶȻص֮УŽһУеɱǵûһ˿һɢڣʢ
þûоѪڵսˣеѪҲʼˡ
ЦŲתٶȼսȦ
ĹŷҵСӣ֪ҵ˰գȻǶ˳̤˰벽Ԫ磬ƽƽǣ츳ǣеķǶҪѷһ
˵ӵħǧ꺱ġǡȻ޷ĹʮᲢۣҲѰʿܹģ
ȻӲӲûнһѾ㸣ˣ
ӲЦһƾ֮ƻص
ʲôӲȻӵšǡʣ
ɫһ䣬΢΢۾ѹһǳ׿ԭҲǷ֮
ߣ֮ǰɱӲǱտڲ̸ȻǾֵŽֵһᡣǰҫһӲ
ֱһΪм
Զһ֮ϣ̷ö鵤ҩ֮ȫµ˿ȻָȫһУһոµɫϣ׵ʱ緢Ρ
΢΢˫Ŀ⾶Ͷ߿еսӲӵǵʱ򣬲ЦҡͷԣӲӵšǡʲôʣ˵ĹʮᲢˣһЩ𣬶һЩʣܹ棡
׾ͽӲǸһǴ
ȷŽĹŵĵһʱӲǣٲȻֵһᡣ
Ȼ˵׵ʣӲƲǷǳԣûдﵽѹĵز
ǣ׵Ž壬ովѣûдﵽɵĵزֻд֮ŽŻչֳ
Ž壬ֻչֳ˱ɽһǣȻɽһǣѾѹӲˡ
ۺӲȻӵǣһ֮Уǳ׿ǣǵޣҲ͵Ϊֹˣûиһ¥ĻᡣԣŽʮǧһĴڡ
Ҳֻڷûʵʿǰҫ

ٿأҹһܶһ⣬ʱϯӲ廨ǰһ㣬
Ȼǰ벽ʥĸ

Ϸ͵̶ֱ͵һֱӳźӲͷ­ȥٲȻҪһ׽Ӳնɱ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣӲ͵ſһҧֻһӲݣȻؽϷеҧ˿УƾϷηǰֺ
Ѿ˵ˣӵǣǿʥһʥ뽫ɱδҲ̫쿪ˣ
Ӳ廨أԵһϷԺ֮С
ãҵĽȻ
ӲǣȻͬ죬Ȼƾһͭǿҧסҵ
ϷŸոտʼĪΣ
Ϸһֱ̣һһɰʱӿֱӲĿС
һӲҺһཹڣݱ䣬乺ѪֱӴӺӲĿӿ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ֣Ϸȴɱнʹ
֡ҹҲ󣬸ԻеԳźӲӿȥ


793 ֵܾ
顭
УɽѰıǧսÿռѣ˻ԲǧɵĿռ֮Уɳʯɣްӣһĩ֮
컯ɾ֮УеĽ򱶣Ҫ˿ֲƣǳѡ
һĻ֮нУôױܻһ򣬱գɱǧ顣
߿УҹϷ֣Ʋɵ֮ƣƴѹźӲӲȫڸ֮УѲãֻƾ߶Ű׹ħȫӦս
Ȼ˵ǰ벽İ׹ʥħҪԶϷҹеķͷŶİʥҲȫѹеκһˣǣκ˫ȭѵ֣οӲԵˣںÿһ˳̤˰벽Ԫ磬ƻɱϣ
ԣսƬ֮󣬺ӲѾˣΪǱ
ȣ
ٿأеĹǽ԰ƺɨһֱӽӲ˳ȥ
ӲƺһȻӵǣƷʿʥǣȫһ֮£ҲǹѣһƱһ
Ӳ֧Ų˶ˣ
һĨȻЦ⡣
ȥЯ֣вһ㣬ܹɱӲʮλħʥӣҽеħ׹
Ϸ˷ܵػȭͷһУʥǰ벽ʥûеˣΪ۲
붫ҹǰһ
ʥħ
а۽յİ׹
һһʥ˳Ӳնɱô׹ħֱ
һ룬Ϸҹּˡ
˵ֵУ뼧ˣѾʥˣҲֻа벽ʥ
ܹӲ˳նɱôħ׹Ʊؽ䵽˵ͷϡ
ϷҹƲסؿ뼤
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һϷҹ֣ٶ֣ԳźӲɱȥ
ͬʱɽ֮еһʵ֮ϣׯƸˣ۾ضԶеսϷҹ˽Ӳһһ˷ܵ㵸
̫ˡֱֵ֣ӽӲѹסˡɱӲħʥӣֻʱˣ
ׯػϲԽ
ħʥӣթаЩȫûҪʵãʱҲȥȭ
Ƹ߷߷߲ѵؽš
գظü΢΢չ˿һ˿Ц⡣
ٿء
ۡһڱչǱ޵ļ͵ſһɺѪˮһΣЩ̱ڵء
֡
֡
ׯƸߡˣȻһ׷ǰһ
֣ڸоôðգ
һеѯʵ
ׯƸߣҲһ̼ż
ûϵǣϷҹ˳벽Ԫ֮ӵɲļ񣬾Ȼһѹ˾㵵ǣȻͷһѪɫ԰ס
û¡
˰֣һʱʵϴô𣿡
żһƵɫæͷģȻλ֣ȫɱӲһƬã
ɳ³һһЦĿڵһʯӣء
ҺãҺûдʱɴ
ظ
֣һ飬Ҳ֪գգૡ
ʲô⣬ʡ
ֵذ֣ˬһЦ
˵ӵɲ壬ֵ֮УӵŽĶ֮⣬츳ǣӦõġ
ԭǴҶֵߵģû뵽ȻһѹġˣȫѾ˳벽Ԫˡ
΢ҡ
δ䣬ƸׯһۣæЦ֣ʦòԴǣе֮
Ȼ⣬˼ʹ
˵ҲΪ
չǱޣпܻʧܡȻ츳ֵ֮ߵģǣҲпͻʧܣⲢûʲô˵顣
ѯʣЩ޹ˡ
Ǹҡ
һׯƸߵѣʱ糺죬֪˵˻ҪǸ˭룬Ȼֵذ˰֣ЦʵûʵϣҲͻʧܣԵɡ


794 ȼѪ
ׯƸˣȫһؿ
񣬾ȻͻʧܣԵɣ
ǣ˷ͷһѪ
ĪǣЩǼٵģ
ܵׯƸе󣬼񵭵һЦ˵ʵ˳̤˰벽Ԫ硣
·˻ɣ͵һȭҶ䡭һ񱩵ȭϯ˻
ׯƸˣʱ־ϲĿࡣ
⡭̶ֳȵȭȻﵽ˰벽Ԫ磡
֣ȻûͻʧܣҲ˳̤˰벽Ԫ磡
Ƹׯˣ˷ܵ㵸
һ˵ʵϣҲ˳ͻ˰벽Ԫ磬Ԫıݡ
δ䣬Ƹߡׯˣȫ΢΢һԼĶ䡣
񣬾ȻԪıݣ
ʵϣƾŹҶҩȫһͻƣųԪ磬Ϊһʥߡ
һ˵
ԶУϷҹˣȫѹźӲԣһʱҲż
ֻǣӵɲ壬һ̤ʥ߾磬ôһ١ʱ򣬱˵ԮԮϴˡԼܷ˳ɽ٣һδ֪֮£ǿѹڵԪԼľΪȹ˰벽Ԫ硣
΢΢һЦ͵Ϊʣҩ̫磬ԣѹⲿҩͬʱҵĽอҲһЩСˣȻˣЩСˣֵһᡣҵǣҵľ磬ѾȹˣңڻһҩպҪʥ߾磬ⲿҩȻ˳ࡣ
ׯƸߣ
ԭ񲢲ͻʧܣ̫;ˣֱһٳʥ߾硣
Ϊȣ˳Ԫ磬ȫԼľΪȹ˰벽Ԫ硣ԣŻҩɣѪ
Ҿ˵ӵɲ壬Բͻʧܵġ
ƶЦ
ɲ壬̷һƬҶ֮󣬾Ȼһٳʥ߾磬С
ҪкӲڳ¼ѾΪʥ߼ĸ֣
ׯƸһզп
ˣѾȲҪնɱӲǸħʥˣ
һ
͵һһʥʱ֮У󣬾ֱԶϯȥ
ƸߡׯһЦ׷һߴԶսˣʵóȻսȦϾǵʵǵܹԮΪƿһӲץסΪʣʹ²ˡ
߿УϷҹȫʩչɱУΧźӲ
䡭
Ƭ̣ӲʵĻֱķѣױ鿪ħϷҹ˵֮£ҲƵر˳ȥ
ΨһöȭͷСİ׹أȫػںӲͷ֮ϣֵźӲơ
Ӳڵˣû˻֣ҵҪ㻹ܹ֧Ŷã
еĹǽ֮䣬ԽƮ鶯׽
СֵĹͷֵɵ
ϷЦ
ߣҪɱңûôף
ӲЦһ͵ҧͷ³һھѪµֻƴһսˡ
ȡ
ȼѪݷ
ӲɫŤ͵һʩչһֹطʱ˵ӾҵŤѪڣΪһīħ
ԭںӲϵĸҲһ˲ɽ
ʲôӲƾʧˣ
ҹȻһæһУУʶɢʱǱڵв
ãȼѪݷӲȻȼһ־ѪʩչȼѪݷӹһ٣
üͷһ壬ʱ
ȼѪݷ
Ϸ˫һæ߶ӿǵһ㣬޾ħȫС
ء
ʱӲĲҺһֻȵβ͵èɤ˻ƣҰ
㲻ȼһ־Ѫûħôôҵ֮£ǲ׹¯
Ϸһ֣ʱͷЦ

Ƭ֮䣬ӿħͷɿ¾ۼ۳һħȥȻǺӲ
ĺӲϢȻʩչȼѪڵԪǷǳġ
ǼС飬ҺӲҲҪһͬᣡ
׹
һѽѵĺӲʱȫ߶׹ɱһ㣬ܲ˵سϷ
СӣҵƤǣڣҵһҪɱˣ㣡
ӲԹϡ


795 ħֽ
顭
ӲȫµĹƱƶһžһͨգۼ䣬Ӳƾ׳һȦ׶ߣó׶ߵħˣ
Хɵ֮УӲȫᣬţͭޣһǿҵӾС
ɱ
Ӳ˫죬һͷţ͵سϷɱȥɱģƺҪһ˲䣬Ϸ˺С
ãӲˣ
־һæ߶йǽǰȥ
û뵽ӲǣȻܹ̬
ҹݲǰеһٶŻ׼Ӳ廨
Ȼ˵Ӳ֧Ԫǣƾеİ׹ħҲǷ֡ϷҹеκһܹȫѹƵġ
ã
Ϸüͷһ˷ڰԪ۳һܻһֱǰ
ȣ
ӲͺһͷϿյİ׹֮У͵âת֮䣬ͽ۶ɵĻɸӣɫ䡣
ͬʱħЯһɻذʥͷ£һʵˣױɽϺӣһǳ
ֻһӲħֱӱǰķָȫˣ񱩵ľȻָɳ֮Զ
ʲôȻһоͽҵˣ
˲䱬ĻϷû뵽ԪĺӲƴ֮£Ȼ˿ֲɱ


һ̣˶ĺӲȭӣåƦŹһ㣬ȫʽҴϷ
ÿһȭÿһţ޻УͷŰ羢Ϸһɳȭȭ⣬Ž
ٶȣﵽĳһ־֮еĻУȫǸЦ
ĺӲ״ȫʩչȭţƾʣ鴷Ϸ
ϷôҲǽɽһ츳׿ҲǣںӲҪå֮£һЩ֧Ųס
ڣ۵һмܲסѪƶ߷һ˳ȥ
ಣ
˭룬һ̣ӲӱƾʧûϷӦӲٶȳֵʱȻվϷ̺Ű羢ıȣԲ˳ϷıһաҪϷļ׵һ߳ء

ǧһ֮ʣϷһšƾһţеĴʥ͵ӭǰȥ
ॣ
ʯײһƵĽ˾ǣϷеĴʥȻߵһϸ˿ѷ죬鲼ϡ
ôʥȻӲıȸߵˣ
ħʥӵĿֲǣһˣ
ۡ
ϷϢһϣæ󳷣̧ٿӲ֮УһĨ֮ɫ
ħʥӵսô
ϷؽҧδҲ̫ǿ̫ˣȻϷ˵һ밵ħ彻֣ѾħĿɱסˡ
ҵҪƣܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
Ϸһ³һȫһƬɫ֮УƴĻ
ͺһϷһͦƱԳźӲ˶ȥ
顭
ʱŤһţûڵأ±ɫ
ȫ֮еϷȻǿȣӲҪѷһǣΪ壬ӲɵÿһӲӲᱻˡ
ԣⲫ֮£ϷȻ·磬ԿڣΪԪ棬ȫԴ־սӲ
С֣ΪɽһĴˣڻĿƣ¯࣡
ӲһΣͣסӣäĿϷһУȭͷСİ׹С
׹תţǵĹâ俪˲
ҵҪƾһʥεֵס׹Ĺ
һӲһףȭͷСİ׹ʱΪһöڵ̺ſֲʥֱƳգϷȥ
ã
ϷȻһ͵׳еĴʥȫֵ
֣
ǧһ֮ʣҹ˶еĸ͵һףΪһߣźӲӲʶ񣬻æʩչһֹڵʯ֮䣬˿ȥ
䡭
ֻһ죬ϷеĴʥ׹͵سײһ𣬺ƻײ򣬼⡣
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵˰С
ॡ
һ̣˵һһĻӡϷĴʥȻ׹ӲػƬ


796 ͷ
ͻһĻڳˣȫȻһһ
Ӳİ׹ȻһٽϷĴʥˣ
˵Ӳİ׹а۽գǰ벽ıϷеĴʥҪ˺üΡ
ȫת֮£һٽϷеĴʥ飬Ҳ֮С
ֻǣʥϷıһٻ飬һеϷ˵һ޴Ĵˣ
ۡһϷͷһھѪɫ԰ֽҡΣʱҪӸ߿׹¡
ݡ
ץһĻˡ׹һٻ˴ʥ֮󣬾Ȼûжͣ٣һƲسϷƺҪһϷţϷɱ
ã
֣
붫ҹǱһҲƵط
ϷĴʥ飬ϷҲشٱ׹У½֮ݡ
ԣڵһʱ䣬ҹ֣չͨȫӪȡ

ҹһ벽ʥĸֱӻûһϸܵػϷǰ
˽һ
֣ʩչ˽һ⣬˺һ˺ѵصĽâ͵ڰ׹֮ǰ赲Ϸǰ
䡭
׹ת޾ħϣһöðŹŨ̵ڵ͵˽һ״̬µķֳײһ

ſ񱩵ӿֲɵϢһϣҺһֱӱƷ˳ȥûܵش
ڰ׹ҲƴٿϷǰѴ֮ͱҹĸס
ɹˣ
˳ס˰׹ҹϲĪ
Ǻǣһ벽ʥĸȻҲ뽫ҵİ׹סδҲ̫쿪ˣ
ЦһӲһʱ׹һֹĽתһӴąd֣ڰ׹֮ϣٿأd͵ر鿪ֱӽڰ׹ϵĸըһ
ãҵĸˡ
ܵ𻵵ĶҹϢһϣҺһ
ಡ
׹ΪһӰ˺Ӳ֮Уת鶯쳣
ҺãҺҵĸ޴󰭣ֻܵһССĴˣ΢һʱգܹ׸ԭˣ
ҹһУ֮УĦеĸݺݵ³һɤ۵࣬ҲƽһЩ
Ͼǰ벽ʥķʥôһԣ׹Ҫһٴݻ٣ǾԲܵ顣
ߣħʥӣѾֲ˶ˣֵǣţ
ֳֹǽڵһʱɱǰ
ҹԥ
Ϸ΢ƽһҵѪһҧҲǼսȦ
һӲͱ֡ϷҹΧһҿɱ
а׹ħ֣ӲҲЩ֧ŲסڲԪɿţȻľ֧һϢ
УڵԪľҪɱΧʮΪϼƣ
գҺӲˣ
񣬺ҪȺȫɱ⣡
һˣӲҲӲţ͵һ˳ֿȭϷҵһ϶Բֻʶӣ
ԶУħƳոմ֮ѳĵţһӲɣֻʶӣʱֽһҲڷɶ׼ȫӴܣ
ϧȸħƳܵĻᣬʳΪһ⣬еһֵ裬ʱ쵶⽣ӰһͿħƳϣǱѡ
ãӲǸСˣ
׷
ǧħˣ
ҹϷˣʱȫʩչԳźӲķ׷϶ȥ
һʱ䣬ӰӣһӰ
ߣƾҲ׷ңδҲ̫쿪ˣ
а׹֣ɣٶȼ죬ͨķɽܹ׷ϵģ
ű׷ɱڵӰӲһƣ߶еİ׹׹ȫתһֶ£źӲ壬һöڵһ㣬ԳԶȥ
ٶ֮죬ѸףʯĪ
ͨ˵ʿеٶȣйأУʿϰķƷʣԵľΪԼǷɣǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ΪԽߣϰķзԽ߶ˣõķƷԽߣٶҲӦԽ죡
񣬺ӲľΪз붫ҹϷ˱ռƣǣõİ׹ǰ벽ķһתٶ֮죬Բɵķ֣ԼɵϷҹܹ׷ϵϵġ
˵ӲȻΣֻҪѡܣܹױסġ
ֻǣһˣһҪˣ


797 ߺ
ݣݣݣ
һӲӰԽԽԶϷҹ֮ľ롣
ϷǷ֡ҹȫֱš
ãӲٶ̫ˣǸ׷ϣ
УֵһȣϧӲ֮ǰĲ࣬ԽԽ
ǺӲȻǿ֮ĩѵҪؿǵƤӵӵ
Ϸҧгݣǳòġ
ٿأҹ˫һֱԶеһӰɾǿ쿴˭
ৡ
ʱϷˣȫѭȥ׷üЦ
ԶУӲīĹ֮УһöڵسԶȥ
ٿأһӰԤ׵سǰ
ţ
ӲȻһ͵̧ͷ
أ
ӭһ쳣ıȣһաֱӽӲ߷˳ȥ
Ӳ⧲֮£쳣һȣֱߵÿѪϢң
㣬㡭
ӲǱ׹ɳ֮Уðβſվͷϵİ׹Ҳžһ֮У
Ǻǣ㻹ħʥӣȻɥȮһֻʶӣΪħ嶪
գɲڣͱӣ
Уնһ˱ǹֱͦɫϾ
ߣƾҲסң
ЦһӲվٶȴ߶׹绢ưһ㣬һӶݶȥ
ڤ粻飡
εҡҡͷ͵һеʥ͡һĽâ޾ʥѹȶ£ŵúӲ͵ؽŲһ٣ͣӡ
У
˿٣ȫⱩ͹˶ţӲҲضã˿̣һʥһһɱڣɱ٣ҪʬɱʬɽѪſϰݡ
׹
ִ֮£ӲȫתԪ߶׹ӭǰȥ

ѻʯӲİ׹ֱӱеʥ˳ȥ
ӲҲǱκ˸Ʒһ㣬Ƿ«έ䡣
ۡ
ӲſһѪð벽İ׹žһ׹ڵأâһƬҰ֮ɫ
һ棬ͽӲ˳ȥȫѴ֮
ǺӲһҲǺӲİ׹ƷʲֻǺӲԪȻ뼧ӲӲԣһ֮£ֱӱ׻˳ȥ
֣
֣
֣Ƭ֮䣬ҹϷɣϵ˼ǰżչһЦ
λֵܣˣ
һǸϷҹˣӿİƣüЦһȻȫ̤˰벽Ԫ磡
ҹϷ˲һЦ˵ͷ
֣˵ˣҿղһУҲ̤˰벽Ԫɣ
Ϸ۹ⶾһ۾Ϳ˼ľΪ
΢΢ͷһеʥ˵ûҲ̤˰벽Ԫ硣
֡ҹһϲüҡ
ֵܣȫ̤˰벽Ԫ磬ǿϲɺذ
ָƶЦ
ûֵܣȫ벽Ԫ磬սս컯ɾͬն⣬̷һƬҶ֮󣬿϶ܹ̤ʥ߾磬Ϊ˵еԪ֣
ʱСʵһ¥
ҹͷһЦ
ˣ֣ôôǺһǣ
ǻΪ߻ħأ
Ϸҹ֣һŹֵż
ռƢԣӦõһأɱսȦԮײǡϾ׵빲Ļֵܡ
ʵ
죬һЦλֵܣԴӷ˹Ҷ֮һͻ벽Ԫ磬ڣԪıݡֻҪһû׼ͿԳԪ磡
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹȫһ
̷һƬҶ֮󣬾ȻһͻƣԪıݣ
ܵҹϷе뾪㵣ϲҫļʱҲԼ̷֣֮ȫһһʮ˵˳
Ϸҹˣȫһ
˵Ϊʥ٣˳ʥߵĻ᣿Щ߻ħ
һ˼ż
Ϸ붫ҹҲզпҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ȼô˷һηǳĻᡣϸһ룬׵ľҲûд
־£ѡʥ߾磬һ٣ʱ򣬱˵ˣ½ѱ
ģڻһЩҩûպҪʥ߾磬Ҳѣ
ŷ֡Ϸҹеϧ֮ɫһѵذ˰֡


798 
ϷҹˣǵһΪеˣһ˿Ľʺޡ
˵ϷҹˣڻĹңڴ˵еĽҲѷɫ˭룬̷ֵͬһƬҶ֮󣬲֮󣬿֮𡣷֡Ϸҹˣȫ벽Ԫ磬֮⣬ûһ˿һҩ
ۼ񣬲һͻƣ̤˰벽Ԫ磬ڣһٴԪıݣЩͳԪɹΪ˵еʥ߸֡
˾㵵ǣڻһҩʱգԪ硣
ζʲô
ζżʱܹԪ磬ֻҪ뷨̱ԸжɾԪ硣
ϷҹˣҪӰ벽Ԫ磬ԾԪ磬ҪϵնĻԵ˲С
һأ꣬пܡ
Ϊɲ壬
ֻһеĹǽզп
Ϸ붫ҹҲӿЦ
Х̳졣
ŴİʥӲ΢΢˫ӿֳһɱ֮⣬ٿɫŤбһĨ֮ɫҺӲˣȡеİ׹ûпܣ
׹а۽գǰħ岻ɶõıԲУԣҼҲҪ׹ԣ
һˣӲһУһŨħϯ߶׹ֱԶеħƳϯȥ
ħƳ棡
׹ͽˣҪ׹确ҵѶȥţһұģ
ݡ
׹âЯһɰʥԶħƳ档

뵶ȽвħƳ棬зһŹֵĽٿأ˰׹һţһһöХڵֱӽȸײ˳ȥ
ڰ׹İѹȶЩɵһʱûܻ
ȵʳһֵٶȳħƳʱħƳȻȼھѪڰ׹֮ϣɣһī⣬Ƴգתʧ١
ħƳ棬ӵʥľΪȼվѪ߶׹Ӷݣٶ֮죬ǵܹ׷ϵġ
Ϸҹֵ֡ܣֻħƳһ·ɳ۶ȥգʧ١
ã׹ħƳˣ
ϷԸ𱬣ֱУӣҪն׹Ȼǳˣ
붫ҹҲ΢΢̾Ϣһ¶һĨź֮
ʧ˰׹ʲôҵĵǣħƳ֣ʱǵĴΣˡ
ĿԶʣо塣
ߣħƳǧҲ޳Īնɱ˺Ӳٴīжȡ岿ͨ䣬̾ԶģǰħҪѩޣҲҲǣ
չ¶ЦݣһĲΪ⡣
ҹһƽسƬ֮Ҳ΢΢ͷԼǡǰħȻ͸컯ɾ֮УҲܶ࣬ңǽ컯ɾУֳһ飬ɢħƳǷܹãã޼ʵ컯ɾУҵħİ֣һء
붫ҹķϷǰͷͷһʯ΢΢ء
ɱ
ɱ
ٿأеʥһȵط˶£ԳźӲɱ
Ϸ֡ҹ˽
֮䣬ĸ벽Ԫĸ֣ͷų˰ƣźӲӿԪĺӲϥһЩһͷԵڵأ֮䣬еħҲԻ衣
һӲеħֱӱһ˳ȥӲǱϵϷһؿڣžһ죬ӲӵǣҲǱϷȫһŸߵùѣѪ

һɨֱںӲؿһǣԼߵ˿ڣɺѪˮȪһĿġ
ء
ӲҺţ໲Һ
أ
ҹζһЦһŲںӲԴϣӲӲԴȵ˽ŵ£ݺݵѹ֮С
ʱӲһʺǱ̬ȫȻû֮ǰſƣ
ߣ֮ǰţôƾŰ׹ħҫһôΪһɥ֮Ȯˣ
ȭͷֱ죬һĵźӲ㲻ǿڿҪֵһôҪϴһ߿ܣڲôôһģˣ


799 
ԼĳӲȫ£ҧأһԡ
˵ʵӲҲûа취
ҹĽ׺ݵؽӲԴ֮УɳӲǴʣĶ
˵ӲҲħʥʮͷԸ߰۾ݲðɳӡ
񣬱һȺʥñףˣԴ˽ŵ£Ƕ壬Ƕ飬ױȵĴˣ
˵ʱ˿̵ĺӲĶˡ

ٿأϷһŲ˺ӲĽŲϣԪϯֻһĹϷȻһؽӲĽŹǸˡ
ƾӲǳ׿ڰԪѹ£Ҳ޻֮
ʱһʹӿ飬۵úӲֱ£
ںӲҲǣǸӲĺӣʼնδܰġ
ǡ
ϷԪӿһͷһͷؽ飬¶һĨʹЦݣӲ㲻ǰħкպʥôһö벽İ׹Ӳҵһʥˣ
ȻҵĴʥôҾһһزϵĹͷ񣬲ְɣ
ζһЦϷֲ֧ؼȹǣÿһͷϷеŭһ֡
ȵӲ˫ȹȫȶϣϷʱȫ泩ƮƮɵĸо
ӲĽ˶鲻ԽزţԴҹزɳ֮Уá
жأҪɱϣ𣡡
Դħа͸ˣ
֡ϷˣһϲЦտ
죬кؿźӲʹģһǳޣ
ҹ
˭룬䣬ԶһɫӰɶԸһֻɫĵȣգۼ䣬˺Ӳǰ
ȻδָȬ̷ö鵤ҩ֮Ҳ΢ָһЩԪеػԣҲûʲôΣտԡ
֣
֣
֣һףҹϷˣϲЦտк
΢΢һЦĿͶ˼񣬡֣Ҳ̤˰벽Ԫ磿
ܵе֮⣬ͷϴ󣬲˵ʵϣԪģֻΪƽȣǿѹסԪ
ɫһ䣬һŹֵźӲƬ̺ص˵ͷǰżļ򣬳ֵܣ
ԣ˼ףµ˼ԪԵɡ
ˣϴҸһƬҶ̷ܹ֮׳Ԫ磬Ϊʥ߸֣
ʲôæһӣͳһƬҶݸס
ǹҶô
ӼнӹҶҩ㣬ײлϲ
֣Ͻ̷ȥɣǶЩȲҪɽˣ
ϷԸ𱬣Ȳشߴ
붫ҹҲЦеס

˭룬׾ҡҡͷӵŽ壬ʳ׿һ̷˹ҶƬһ٣Ҹҿ϶ٵʥ٣һȺԵʥٻҪֲö࣡
һγɣ˶Ŀһǣ룡
ԣȫ׼֮ٶɽٲ٣
һһʮ
Ϸҹ־ǰͷ
ײֵеͷˣȫ
ŽҲô
Ϸҹ˳콻ʱڵصĺӲɫŤҧߣãҺӲôҲǺպħʥӣ裬ȻûٴãŽҲڣԱ˵һᣡ
һˣӲȫ߶Ԫ׼
£ס񡢶ҹϷֵܣΧںӲǰһӲԱôֵܶܲ

˭룬ûȺӲԪʶףǱһе罣һ˺Ӳĵռ䡣
һӲһռӦԪ
СӣȻŻԱ᣿
Ϸ޵
ҿַӦʱĻһʱ⣬пش
ϣ¶һĨµɫ
ǲײĲᣬұ㳢ʲôܣ
һеʥ͵һӣһֱӽӲԴһƣһɰԪֱӽӲԴץ֮С
㲻ҪԱôڣҾԪֻһ
ҵҪ㻹ʲôУ
ЦһһһɰֱӿӲԴеԪյһɶ
һӲɫ԰ףϢ٣ֻʣһӲд


800 Դ

ָһһۻԪʱ˿񣬷ҲƵ˺ӲѪģͷ­֮УеĽѨϣ׽˺Ӳʶֻһ˿
䣬ðħʥӣͳΪܣʮҡ
໡
飬͸һʹģ
ӲҺʹ
ںӲ˵ȻΪϵ⣬׸ܾ쵶ն飬һͷ䣬糬
ϧڳһ˵ȣ׵طŹӲ
Ǻǣһʹģ쿪
ϷЦҡͷղĥʹǼֵеԹζòģ
žһİӦ䣬ֱӳ˺Ӳ֮ϣһƣû̺һ˿ԪֻǵƾžúӲƤպס
νʶʱΪܣҵУҪôĥ㣬ôĥ㡣
㻹Ͻŵ̬˵ЩйάĻһ棬һʹ죬Ȼţ֣
üëһһЦźӲ
ò˵ƿصúܺãһ£زᣬúӲܵƤʹúӲܾ裬ֲӲһ
һƳ꣬ӲʱϢһϣʵ˲١
ˬ죡
ӲǣȻŽ塢ɲҪһءǣҲΪѵãѪӯǽ˶ι׻ȳ棬ǲɶõʳ
ٿһС

ʱǧֻ׻ȳڷɶ˶£ԳźӲ̱˶ȥ
ÿһֻ׻ȳ棬ȫƴСʳɲ񣬿ҧӲȫûϰ
һӲ׹֮еͱꤵĽ׻ȳɵһɶ
ণণণ
ʳѪĽ׻ȳ棬һڰطһ˫˫гϸ˫ͫضźӲͷ­
ٲȻ̳˺Ӳ֮󣬽׻ȳںӲѪʢΪѡ
һ޲ǰȥӲͷ­Ҳ̳븹
׻ȳЩδء
žþòԸɢȥĳȺײ̡
һУһԶĵȵʱ̼䣬Ľ׻ȳ׷״û׵ָԶ
Ž壬㡭Ȼҵǣϣιӳԣ
ҡҲŹġ
Ȼ촦ӲȻӵ֪ܵȫµĽĽ׻ȳ浱ʳ˺ҧ븹Уʱʹȥзɱĺ
ġ
ʹԲѰܹܵģοֻһһؿԼ
ԺӲҡͷһЦᣬһļʹһɫ⣬ʱ¶ζЦ⣬еʥ͵һӣԴ˺Ӳ֮䣬͵һ
ǡ
ӲݣӦ䣬һ粻֮࣬Ǳֱӽʳһ̲ࡣ
һӲ޷ˡ
һ޷޸ƣ޷߶ԣݣͷĺӲﷴȨˡ
Ǻǣ㲻ͦƱôղŻˣôһδƺ«ˣ
һЦ̧ţĵؽѥϵĨںӲϣһЦ˵Žеĸ֣ʤһħʥӣʲô
׼ɱģһɥȮ磬Ҳȫû¡
״˴֣͵šһ͵ıȺƴաһ㣬һ˺ӲԴϡ
һţͬû̺Ԫյ÷ǳ׼ûнӲԴһ߱úӲ۵ҽУ
ۣۡ
ӲôҲǰħкպʥӣ˭׵˵ǰȻܾ裬ʹ
ֻһӲԴǱ߷ɵɳһ㣬Ե˳ȥ
ҵģ
Ϸһһ䣬ӲԴ˷ֵķ
Ǻǣֵˣ
ȻƤѪˮͷ­˿û飬һߣֱӽӲԴŶҹķȥ
飡飡飡飡
䣬Ӳͷ­ڼϷҹ˵Ľػأߵ򣬲һӲͷǾͱѿõϣƤⷴתѪˮ
ĿĵһĻӡ
֣ӲȻҪһͽˣ
ٿأһǲߣֱӽӲͷ­߸ס


801 Ŀ
һӲͷ­ֱ׵ķӶ
һӣһ󾢷ʱϯֱӽӲͷ­Ʒ˳ȥ֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫҸջһոۣŪҵ·
˵ţ˵ϵĳ
Ȼ׿ӲֵһᣬΪɱӲŪԼ·Щֵ
һĻϷҹֵУʱ̿Ц
ϴȻȻûֱնɱӲ֮¶֮ɫֱնɱӲҪ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
̡
֡Ϸҹ׷׵ͷ
ɱ˺ӲϢٵĺӲ˵ǳͷڣܹһֳѡ
ǣӲȴúӲ׶Ĵ̹ǣ
ðħеʮʥӣĵĽԲκһĹҵʥӡ
񣬱ӣʱ̣ҽС
ȻλֳԸ֣磬ֵܴͣ
ׯٺһЦƸӣ˺Ӳͷ­ǰ
Ӳͷ­ƤѪⷴתѪ˿ĿתضׯƸˡ
ֱģ¶ŨŨԹ֮ɫ
Ӳûϵ˽ˣȻ޺ŵļһƸ߻ׯһ֪ǸסϷһֵĴڣݵ΢ֵһᡣ
Ӳ㲻ôǣȻԣǣֵҲԩˡ
һװƸ߶˶һУӻͳһʥջ£ţֱӵ˺Ӳͷ­֮ϣһ˿ĴУʱʥӲͷ­֮С
ׯ첽ǰһŲȱ˺Ӳһ飬ţƵغٺЦӲҲµ㲻ģϧ㣬ûѡأ
ҡҡͷׯǴһ㣬гһʥ˺ӲƤ֮УӲ˵û㣬ʥҵıȻԶԶİ׹ħǡ˽ˣ
˵ţׯƸˣͬʱ֡
ͣͣ
̺ԪĽâ£ֱӽӲͷ­ĲƬ
ºӲôҲûϵջһϡƽʥ֮£
ʹ죬ʹ찡
ϷҹֵˣһƶЦĵԹڳ¶ʱȫ£һ˵ڡ
Ӳڳһ˵ȣĻŭţ㵸
λֵܡ
׻˻֡
Ϸҹֵˣʱۼǰ׵ķԸ
һֵ֮еºЦ⣬һһӣɳ֮еħһڿնֱӱһ׵֮С
һܹ˳ɱӲЭ
ţֻҪŽЭ컯ɾ֮УһпΪնԵҲָտɴ
΢΢һЦ
Ϸҹֵˣǰͷ
֡
ٿأ׵ĿͶϷĴʥӲˣǷȱһֵãӲħΪ֮Ϊáŵɹ֮һܹɱһΡ
˵ţһӣֱӽħϷ
Ϸɫһ־ϲЩŤ󣬡֣һնɱӲλֵȫ˺ͣ˵ʵҵòͻħ㻹ʹ͸ֵܰա
ȷ
һնɱӲϷԲҪҪ۹ͣôҲֲϷ׽ӲΨһħʹ͸ϷϷЩܳ
֣°ա
һǽķ֣Ц𿪣ҺͶ֣ȫӵһ벽ʥ֣һʥֻ֡㣬ΨһĴʥˣħʹ͸㣬Ϊʡ
֣ͱһŤˣֵܼ˭˭
ҹЦȤ
ϷʱЩεͷ
ȷֵܵĸ飬ħʹ͸˭һѲֱ˴ˡ
ǶȿһʥڻĹңҲܹóġ
һ֣ͽӲħʹ͸ϷϷЩܳ
ãֵҿˣ
Ϸ΢΢һЦֽħ֮Уħݿİɱһɺ֮УϷ죬ħҵɱһɳ죬üΡ
˵ţҧ⣬һξѪħ֮С
ֻħһһĿĺεƬ̼䣬ϷһУΪϷķ


802 ɫ
̶̵ʱڣϷҹֵ˵ʵȫһɳ죬췭ظɱ䡣
ϷԴ̷һƬҶ֮һ̤˰벽Ԫ磬֮⣬еĴʥҲǹڣʥħ
ʥʥħΣ
ͬһȼĴڡ
񣬵õħϷʱĻŭţ졣˵ͬʿ֮УϷʵȻǳͣĴڡ
ӵʵ֮⣬ܹϷԡ
ϧûնӲİ׹ǿǰ벽ĴڰֵıǹҲֻһߡ
һ뵽ǧ򻯵İ׹ҹʱЩϧ
ǰ׹˰벽ǻĹңҲôóģҪܹռΪУػصԵļ֮Уܹλܵӵ
ֶڰ׹ҲΪ
λ
ٿأϷɫϾѵǰ׹ħƳЮߣ˵ѰԮȥˣһǡ
ˬһЦһɵذ˰֣컯ɾޱ޼ʣħƳܷҵɢڸصİħ壬һ⣬˵Ǳѩˣ
ԣΪǡִӴͳ˼Ҿƣַȥ
Լǡ
ҹͷһҾƣ˵ͷǴī봦õ岿ͨ䣬뿪ƬǷ֮أǰħȫɱҲҲǡ
ڳһ˵ȣǰͷ
Ȼڰħıϡ
֣ȥī봦ȡ岿ͨ䣬ٴӳƻ
ҹ̧ͷһѯס
׵˵ͷһȣԳ̳ɽӶȥ˵Ƚ
ݣݣݣݣ
ɽ룬һ߰Ӱֱɽīǰ
Сɽһ㽡˶ī룬΢΢˫ͫ׵ˣǿ֮еʱˮͰֵϢɫơ
ǰѾԼնɱħʥӣϣǰܹԼ岿ͨʹ
һ̬īҾ
ȻնɱħʥӣǣȴħƳ棡һħƳħ롣
ī쳹ԺԣΪԷһҪһͬػĹһ꣬һ֮һָһ˿ԪԱҲָ̻֮
ֻдӦңҲŻὫ岿ͨʹ
ī̬ȼϬ
סҹϷˣȫһ
龳ī룬ȻҪ׵ػĹأ
ңһ֮ڣ뿪
ͷī룬սթȻԼޣһ֮ڲ뿪д

թ
ҹһϾ
֡ϷˣҲ۷׷ףдŶԲߡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫ׵ϣȴ׵վ
׶˶䣬΢΢̣Գī빰˹֣ɵ˵ǰʵ΢ޣºػĹ磬㿴Ρ
ǻһǧö鵤ҩЩ鵤ҩƷϳ˵ĵҩ֮һܹڶʱڻָԪһǰʵͲҪǵİػĹ
һ
һǧö鵤ҩһɡ
ܹܵķ
īƤص۲תƺڳʲô
ֳ˲ޱȡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫīϣȴīĻӦ
ڣԼĪһյĹ֮īٶƤתͷһԶ಻ѩɽ̾һСӣбҪ㿪۽ˡ
˵ţһ⾶Դīһ׹ڵء
ըװıŵסҹϷˣ͵һȵƽ飬ϸƣĿ࣬Լ۾
еģһʮɳʮɿĽɫż
żתһööصķ׭תϣһͳϡеĸо
紵ҳɣÿһƬֽ֮ϣɷ裬ߣдһĹ֣Ȼ
ŨȻһɼҷ̺żΪĻϵ
ڽɽһϷڵһʱ侪Ȿ֮УܵһͳеɼϢӦһְĻԪϢ
ɼҷ
ײʧɫ
ɼҷ˼壬ͨݺ׷˲ʸطֵȼķݹ壬Ҳࡣ
ȻҲɾȫǲƪľӡȱ⻹ǵһοһɼҹż
ģ׬ˣ
־ϲȫöûϵͷīеͨ䣬ȻĹ顣ǵСīˡ
ΪųСɽ컯ɾȻӵɼҹ飬˴۽簡
ׯƸߵˣҲȫɵۡ


803 ڷ
ϷҹֵеĿ⣬īȻⱾ飬Сڷ֡һͳɼҷԶĸͨ䣬ڣǿⷭ
Ѱ಻ססҹϷˣʱ˵˹֮ϣ̰ط
ڻĹҵļϷˣڽɽһϷȫǼʶ֮ĹҲжĹ
ǣ񿴵Ȿ飬ȫ֣һ
Ȿڷ֡ǲɶõɼҷ
ʩչѰۣĦŹ飬ĦеľҪо˷һ龳֮У۾˺ڷţ޾Ļ֮б䡭
鲻Խģ׶ͷð澭һң
ţ
īĿתһضףûϵôܹ顶ڷ̺֡þеľ衣
Ȿ飬Сڷ֡һϵ
Ϸ˷ܵ㵸ãóػɹΪһɳ죡Ȿڷ֡Ҳܹ˳µسΪһɽһĲѧ
һˣϷڵ𣬵ʱӿһ١
ڷ֡ҹˣжĦŹ飬һüͷ壬й»ɬǳѶ
ҪɹⱾڷ֡ľ裬ɹǳѡҲҪʮصʱ⡣
֮󣬷ֳ³һҡͷп
Ȿڷ֡ߵҪܸߣҪԻϵųһĿܹѰ˾õˣڻϵϣûйأҲɹ
ҹЦҡͷ
ȻⱾڷ֡Ȼǳ󣬵ǣҪɹס
⡶ڷ֡һɼҷѣҲʵ
ȻвʣǶҹ֡ˣȫʶⱾڷ֡ʺԼ
ڽɽһϷжĦҲǽչϵҡͷԣⱾڷ֡ʮֻɬĿǰĿҲֻǿǣҪ̶ȣкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ҹ֡ȫһϲϷ֣Ȿڷ֡
ϷͷˬһЦ
ʱڳһ˵ȣϲЦտ
īʹĹ飬еʥӣȫѧᣬǾܴˡ
ʱ򣬿ɼҷȴֻ÷ֹʣǷǳʹ顣
ãϷܹ
֡
ٿһΣһ⾳֮˳һӣϷǰһʵⱾڷܹ֡ô
Ϸͷ
á
΢΢һЦֵǽⱾڷ֡ɽһĸϻˣܷĦͨ͸ƿⲿɼҷ
Ϸʱظĵֱ죬֣ҵĸףϻˣ龳ĸ֣ڻϵ򣬾Բܹ󼰵ģȻ˵ֻܹǿⲿڷ֡ǣҵĸףһɹ
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ײһ
á
ҡͷһЦ˵ҸղжĦʱ򣬽һĻþ֮У۸ܵ⡮ڷ֡Ŀֲɹطǳֲ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫһֿŹһס
ڳʥӣʳ׿ж飬оʮֻɬѶڻɽһϷҲǽչףȻֱӾͽһĻþ֮Уܵ˺ڷֵ
֪׵Ƣԣ˵һһĭһû˻׵Ļ
һĿģײҡͷһЦֵҲֻǽҰˡ˵ʵⱾڷ֡Ȼʮ󣬵ǶߵżҪǳߣҪΪ߳Ŀػ֮ԣҼжΪ˳ҪҲ޿ܡ
ǣΪⱾڷ֡ʼػĦϵ塣
һһʮ
أ֡ҹڳһƽһЩ
Ȼ˵ж飬չ٣Ҳͷ֡ҹһΪػ
СӣҲܵˡڷ֡ƷʡڣǶҵҪ󣬻ô
īɤٶȴԺ֮С
סҹϷˣȫȻһһī롣
ī룬ȻĲĵҪһ֮ڲ뿪
֣īΪһҪĪڻָһ˿Ԫ֮ʹɱ֣һ򾡣
ҹһ


804 
뵣ǣѾī壬Ѫģ໥֮䣬˺ī龳Ϊػϧ֮׵ĵԲΥԵģ
ڶҹǣȻһЦͽɽ
ҹʱéٿͷ
ͷī룬ʲộҪ
ϣһš
Ҫ֪ѾӦһǧö鵤ҩī룬ֻҪī̷һǧö鵤ҩڶʱڣָܹһ˿ԪӵԱ֮
ʱ򣬱˵ǰħʥˣʥޣҲδظī롣
νձҪɱһͷ龳ޣԲһ׵顣
īüɵħ壬龳ǰħʥӾͺһСȫһһīָһ˿Ԫָ֮䣬ɱ顣
Ԫ綼δ̤ħʥӣ
˵ħīвȫһӣĿľƭ׵
ˡð
ɫأǰһҾ֪ǰԭţǰὫħʥӷһȺϰˣԣǰܹʾ
ܵ׼ᶨīã΢΢̾ϢһתͷԶ۾ѩɽĿصǿƬѩɽô
סҹֵˣȫתͷѭȥ
ԶУһƬƵɽɽ۰ѩǧ
Ƭѩɽۣ֮סһͷѾ˳Ѫɱһͷ˪
īɤƮ죬ƺ¡
סҹϷˣһī˪΢üͷ
ڱ˪׵ˣ˽ġ
ͷ˪ֻһͷѪƷʣ츳ǣ˪ǧһȼĴڡ
˭룬īļս֮УԵɺ֮£ȻѪɱ˱˪īսãղ¡
ī˪׵˵ɫЩ졣
ǧǰͷողԪ磬ʵ΢еһڲã޼ʵ컯ɾ֮ŻƴԼΪǸʱī룬Ѿӵ龳ΪպգϧΪ˲죬޾ı֮УҲƿӴԺѵô
ʱһãһǻѪңҲʧȥ˶ĹУ粽룬ΪҲ֮ˡ
ûϵǣڶ̶̵ǧ֮䣬һ·ɹ̤龳磬ңӵһϸµʵ
ҾǣͷȻڵѪɱһ˵еı˪һս֮£˿·磡
īī˫֮ͫУرһ⡣
촽Ҫ˵Щʲôվûпڡ
һۣҸܵǰδе裡
һͷ츳ƽƽıȻܹƾһǻѪڶ̶̵ǧڣԪ磬龳磬ҾѪɱΪ˪
˵˪δǱҪ֮ϣ
ӵѪ츳ңе޾ͬʱʣ
ī˻ƣ߷ߵصͺī룬ôҲӵ뱦Ѫ޺ᣬ񣬾Ȼһͷ츳ƽƽıԽˣҾʲ
΢΢ͷīĻЩͬ˵ĸо
īһӵŽ壬Ը߰ͬͬԼͷϣʵϣЩʿӵһŲĵġ
һ;Բᣬûпɾʹ
īһǳõӡ
ī֮īյһǻѪȴʧȥСĵģԣǧ֮䣬Ϊǵûһ˿һڣˮۣˡ
෴츳ƽƽıȹ̣ʯն컯ɾ֮Уأǿҹǧ䣬Ԫ磬һٽ龳磬ڣ˳ɱ˱˪
˵ƾıѪ˪δǱν
˳ɱΪ˪֮ڵѪ·ˣ
֪ҪͻƿͱҪսʤ˪ĻҾԶֻƬɽ֮УպԪ֮УջΪһg
ǣҪָս˪һ£ҲҪһʱ䣬⣬ΪµԣҲ뿪ƬɽȰ벽ԡҪ˽˪ɽ
īĿһӣֱͶ׵λãСӣΪʲôҪԭ򣡡
΢ḧɳ衣ͻأģסϷҹˣȫһ
ԭī뽫׵ǷħвҪһ֮󣬻ָԪٶ˪һ£
ʱ򣬾Ҫ׵˽˪ɽ֮У
ȻҪ׵˸նˣ


805 һ֮Լ
ʲôīȻҪǽ˪
ӵʱһţѩɽ֮۵ı˪ӵ龳ΪóȻǰΨ·һ
Լǣֻа벽Ԫ磬ڱ˪УϣȻǵն쿪
Ϸɫһ䣬ֵˣɼҷǲҪˣȥһͷ龳ޣʲô𣿡
һʱ䣬Ϸҹֵ˵ɫЩѿ
Ȼ˵ڷ֡˵ջ󣬷ͬѰһ뵽롶ڷ֡ͬɼҷĲÿһ˶಻סü
ǣΪ岿ɼҷȥһͷ龳ޣȫǲǵΪ
ȻԵҲҪòС
ҴӦˣ
˭룬׾һƣӦ
δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫһһ˼ס
֣һҪ˼а⡶ڷ֡ȻѵãҪһͷ龳ޣҲ̫ˣ
ҹ
һƵĿ⣬ЦŰ˰֣λֵܣ뵣ǣ紵ǹͦᶨޱȣһͷ龳ı˪ԾǾѰ·ǣҪ˪ɽ֮Уȴѣ
һһıǹʱ֮УڽĿֲѹϯ֡Ϸҹһڰ벽ԪʿϢһϡ
ǹ
۴˼صͺ
ûǱǹ
һЦֻҪȫʩչضڱ˪ҲһСв⣬ֻҪ˪Ϣͻ᲻ݵ׷ȻǧҲһСʱ򣬱˪һᱻŭ̶ɽ֮У
֡Ϸҹˣһգգ۾
ԭΪҪ˪ɽȣһڵ飬ڻĹҵķ֡ҹڽϷģһ޶
һ棬ǵĹ̫ѹ˪ŭͺһͷ󣬱һֻϸҧһ£⡣
ЩУͶ֮䣬ϡ
ԣԷ֡Ϸ˵ʵҪ˪ŭΪס
һ棬˳˪ע֮ûԱ֮ʱ򣬱˪һڱ׶³ȫԽ֡Ϸ˸һӶ
ǣЩ⣬Уϰ
һ׵ˣȫʢ״̬£ȼվѪȫһʥΪɵ˵Ҫ˪ע⣬ȫû⡣
׵ĹԶֻ̹˪ϢǧҲһУԣ˪ҪҲôףҪҵײС
֮󣬷ʲ΢΢³һͷ֣ô˵ҲûʲôΣաֻǣǱ˪˳ɽ֮Ƕʹɱ֣ǽûԱ֮
ʱ򣬾ȫҪīǰˣ
ֵĿ⣬Ͷī롣
Ϸҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ۽īϡ
˵һ״ӦΪնô˵ѾīϵһΪͬһϵƣīûսʤ˪ɱô׵ˣҲӲһ򾡵Ĵ
ŷ֡ϷеĵǣȻһЦĿ絶īǰ
īܹдպǧʱ⣬ֻΪػĹأҸ嵨Ҳѡ
ңī룬Ѿȼ˶־ֻҪīĸս˪ռȻ
һϾ
֡Ϸҹ΢΢ͷ
λī룬Ǳ˪ΣϢ١һʱڣָܹȫʢ״̬
һֱĬʱֻҪǷ׳һЩ鵤ҩī룬һܹī뾡ָռȻġֻҪī״ָ̬ñȱ˪죬ôսʤ˪ҲΪһȻ顣
֡ҹϷǰһһԳ׷׵ͷ
һ˵ĿȫͶף֮¶һĨ΢ЦȻ׵ľȫû顣
СӣҹȻûп㣡
īسſƤףˣұѪģҲýʣĲɼҷʹ
׵ʱĳȣҧ⣬³һﴮľѪͬʱָ£ʼġ
֡ϷҹˣһĿ¶⣬ЩȲҪ֪ʣĲɼҷʲôˡ


806 ն
һյĹīȫѪģһεĽԵڣһΥԣ̾ͻᱻһΪ̼仯Ϊޡ
ǰڿԽʣĲɼҷʹ˰գ
Цī롣
ϷҹֵˣҲĿƷŹ⣬ЩȲ
Ȼԡ
īѵسƤٿأīϯֻ죬޴Ĺ飬ʱ˵ǰ
飬һӲӣ졣һϵ绷ƣߡһѱа
һһǿҵӾУϷҹֵˣȫ𺳣զп
Ȼɼҷ
֮ϣǵͨ죬û뵽īûƭǣЩɼҷһһƷʸߣ
Ľɫ飬еĹǽ鲻Խ
ಣ
ֵʱᲽɢ콣Ľɫǰ
Ȿ飬ն
һ֣صشŹɷļ֣ȻжϣⱾ飬ģû׼ҾͿ
һˣֵ¿첽ǰ飬ЩȲҪжĦ
֮ǰǱڷ֡޷ѾΪźˣһķȻԸ״
͡
˭룬ָһ飬һɫĽ͵شӹ̺֮޾ɱһֱӽеĹǽ˳ȥ
ͬʱֵ֮ϣҲһһ˿ڣѪȥĿġ
ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫ׷Χ£ֵǰһĿ¶С
֣ô
Ϸ֣һī룬Ȼڹ֮»أҪıǵͲΥԣ⵽Ǵ𣿡
֣㻹ðɣ
ҹǰһæӻͳһö鵤ݸ֡
һεذ˰֣鵤븹Уͬʱ֮ϼһĨɬЦ⣬֣ⲻīǰԼ̫ûˡ
˾΢΢һһŷ֡
Ȿ飬̺żΪֲĽҺ׼֮£æ䷭˽ˣҲֻԹԼ
ֵͺһԶĹǽݵһػصֵ֮У
ʲôⱾоȻ̺ſֲĽ
ҹһعĦŹ飬ЩŷֵĻȻһ̣ҹһɷ裬ĹʱʱҽѪӿ
ǶҹϷˣҲ¶ɬɫ԰ס
еÿһ֣ȽҪ񣬹ǿһۣҪܲס
׸пǧ˵£Ĳǵ棬Ǳʼ⣡һȻͬ죡
ڹϵ֣Ͷء
ñдµ֣˵ɱȻֱָģԲǷܹ֮ġ
ڳһˣȫں壬΢Ӧмİɱ֮ƽ񣬿ʼжĦ
ԽжĦоԽǸеľ
⡶նĽգΪбǹĦϵּͷһ˵ܹܵҪСɣҪ¿๦СһɹԤǣ⡶նһŷǳֲɱ¾֮
զп
ۡ
ٿأҹͷһѪϥһ̱ڵء
֡
֣ô
ס˻æǰһҹ

ҹεҡͷ̾ϢⱾնұԲûˡ
ڻĹŶҵĶҹĹ˸գϣǧĹ
⡶նգ۲Ȼʺ϶ҹ
޷
׵ȻһЦﻹ飬ϸϸжһܹҵɼҷ
ҹЦŵͷĦ顣
ٺ٣Ȿնֱ̫б̫Ѫˣϲ
ٿأĿ⣬ӹ֮ƿػȭͷһĻŭš
Цʵ֣׼նˣ
ͷ
⡶նɱˣûɲϲ
һ
ʱҲӹ֮ƿĿ⣬ӣǵͨ죬֣ҲҪⱾն㲻Ҫɣ
УⱾնҪˣϣٴڸ㡣
æ˵
ֱʧЦ֣Ϊʲô꣬ٴĸ㣿
ۿ뼧ԣŭ壬׻æһһɰֱӽ޴Ĺ˴֮УˣⱾնҲˣҪжĦպҪɡ


807 ϵɳ
һ˵ҲҪն뼧񲻽޿κε̾Ϣһᡣ
ȻǷ֣Ǽ񣬶ͬһ顣
Ŵͷɥķ뼧ײҡͷһЦο֣֡Ƿģ⡶նҲ˽ղأġֻҪҪжʱҡ
뼧ȫǰһɫ˲١
֣Ҳܵġն𣿡ٿأϷǰһƤЦģ
䣬ûطһۣ֣Ϊġڷ֡ȡնɢһãרڷ֡ţֻҪܹڷ֡ͨ͸㲻նҲһܹΪ˵С
ϷͷЦ˼
׵Ը𱬵Ϸȫûһ˿һķ
ȷϷ츳Ϊ˵һڷ֡ѾǳˣҪǻˡնȫǳֺá
ǿⱾ飡
ٿأҹػȭͷ׵ֱ֡
סϷֵˣʱᲽһϵߵĹǰ
Ȿ飬ϵɳס
ֶһƣ΢΢üͷ
ʲôɼҷȡնôæʵ
ܵеȣҹһЦⱾϵɳסɲͬ죬һ֮һŲɼ֮
סϷˣȫ΢΢һ
ϵɳס֮
żԵĽܡ
ҹָ֣Źϵļ֣⡶ϵɳסɹ֮󣬿ԲɼǳһɳÿһɳӵŻصܹըһ򣡡
һ£ǶһɳǧţôֲƣʲôʥʲôʥҪһغ
ҹЦ
δ䣬ڳˣǵһɫǺ졣
ⱾϵɳסǰϻĲѧ֮һɳԾߵĵˣҲ޾ɫһɳȥ´ˣ
Ϸ⣬ƺõɳʹ͸¡ͽҲΪһЩ׷׭Ҳضã
Ҫ˵⡶ϵɳסһ׷׭Ҫˣ
񷢱ԼĿһ׷׭ǳһҲֻͷһŷ׭ǣ⡶ϵɳסƳɳȴܹһͷųǧɳ˵ֻҪƳ㹻ɳôǹƥһҲǲܵ顣
ڳһ˵ȣǰͷ
۹һΣ׬ˣ⡶ϵɳסˣǲ֪⡶ϵɳסѲѣûʲôҪ󣿡
Ϸ㵸ʵ
⡶ϵɳסûʲôӲҪҲѡҹ΢Ц˵Ҳ˵̫硣
ۿϷһܵģҹ̲סһˮ⡶ϵɳסȻѣǣΪһŲɼ֮ƵҩԿ̷׭һףҪͱȽˡ⣬ÿһˣܹﵽˮƽҲͬ
ҹôһ˵ϷʱйƤһ̾
һΪ˭ܹƳصɳأԭôף
Ϸһơ
磬⡶ϵɳסȻɼҷͲôɹģܹѧһЩƤëѾ㹻ˡ
һЦȰοš
ⱾϵɳסʵǿҪҲߣʺϴ
׵ͷһЦһһɰʱϯ߻ƵĹ봢֮С
ʱϷҹֵ˵ȫɵ
ҡ
˷߷߲ѵĿ⣬һЦⱾϵɳסҶΪ˹ƽбҵУλҪжĦȵõ롣
ϷҹˣϢһϡ
ҪжĦϵɳסõ룿
ˡ
ÿһ˶ԹԡϾҶҪϵɳס˭ʡ
ΨʱУ׵İ취
ǿⱾ顣
׻˻֣һƵĹԣȥɵͫһⱾ飬Сۡ
ϷҹֵˣҲ׷״ǰĦŹ顣
ۡɹܹ֮ħֵıĿʹа񣿡
գգ۾ƲƲ죬ԭһרſħ֮а֮
ȻֶšۡȤ


808 þ
ڷ˵ģǾпֲɱɼҷڡָۡķȻҪС˲١
˵ΪĹŷҵʥӣʳ׿Ը߰ҲǸʾþµ֮ӡϧߵˣһһһһ̬÷Ϊ˷֮ڼʶħʥӵĿֲɱ֮󣬸˷ֵжѪԣеҪͼǿˣ
Ҫʵѧϰɼҷһݾ
ԣֶɱǿɼҷޱȵ޲ҹЪȫжնⲿɼҷԱЩʵΪ˵С
ڡۡһûȤҲԸ˷ʱ档
ţⲿۡȻܹһйаħ޴
ҹһϲ֮ɫҪǽⲿۡж͸ôպȪʼħڡħаħģɲ١еаħħֽҲ޴һǾͳռ

ϷҲͷаħϲû̬Ŀʾˣܹѧ⡶ۡͲɱˣһ۾ܹȺеİħ塣
⡶ۡħʥ뻯ǧԻģǲܵ飬밵ħϵţսһѧˡۡռȻ˵ⲿۡļֵ˿ɼҷҪ
Ҳת
ڳһ˵ȣ˷֮⣬˵ڡۡⲿɼҷΪ⡣
ۡͨô
΢΢ҡҡͷ³һĮһЦǺǣҵѰ۱Ҫ˲٣һεĴڡ
Ѱ۵ƷʣǷǳš
Ѱۣܹһ٣ֱָ౾ʡۡȴֻܹħ֣вСľԡ
˵Ѱ۵ƷʣҪڡ֮ۡϣ
ȻˣƷʸߣѰۣһȡۡǿΨнѰۡһˮ׼ܹѹۡһ
Ϸҹ˵ⲿۡȻһɶõĸ
Ƕ˵ȴǿпޡ
֣ҿⱾۡҲʱУ˭Ҫжģ롣
ۿ˷֮⣬ÿһ˶ڡۡмȤϷźۼ׵ƨ
˭룬׾ҡҡͷһֱӽۡ˼񣬡֣Ȿۡ˵ûʲôã⣬ѾɼҷæҿⱾۡȴϣţһܹƽԴÿһλֵܡ
ʱǰһæһУۡ뻳У˽䱧ϱһ§Ų֣һ˸˹ȥ
ʲôۡøʱܣ
Ϸüͷһ壬ᶶҪǴУķڷȫûл˵ǴڼУδЩˡ
Լǣҿ罫ۡҵС
ҹظĵ죬ԸµؾټԼ
ײЦ
ôӵۣƿڴۣǼһȻһҶҪıȨλ
˭Ҫǲվرһμ֣ȻԶὫۡĸ㣡
šۡ飬һ޿֡
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣϢһϣһĬ
ȻڼԸ񣬶Ϊ˽⣬֪Ǹ˵һǼ롣
ٺ٣ȻҶû飬ôⱾۡҾʹΪղˡ
΢΢°ͣȻɨһˣתͷ׻һЦм֮⡣
ˣīŵҪʹ͸岿ɼҷΪֻСڷ֡նϵɳסۡĲɼҷ
ٿأƸߣɳ
ûֻĲɼҷһ֡Ϸҹˣ׷̧ͷһī롣
ܵĿе֮⣬īΪѾ֧ƤٿأһΣһ⣬һһõĹ飬׹ǰء
ףʲôɼҷ
ҹɳæݲǰľģ֮󣬲ɵЦҿʲôɼҷֻ֮һ鼮ˡ
īԶţȻһ飬ͼɻأд
֮ϣ¶һĨ߷֮ɫ
ৣৡ
̼䣬ƸׯˣҲ׷״ǰ̽״


809 
һƲƵĹ飬֮ǰĲͬǣⱾ飬ֻһֽſݻƣޱơ
ⲿƷʣٲȻ롶նڷ֡ۡϵסᲢۡ
Ȼɼҷմһ֣Ȼ͵óףڲͬÿɼҷƣҲÿ¼֮Уϵ㵵Ρ
ôһõ鼮Ƕֵϣ˶һۣôɼҷأ
֡ϷҹˣһⱾ÷ƵĹ飬ͷ׷ҡͷԸٶ࿴һۡ
Ȿ飬еŹ֡
һǰȥֽõĹԵɨһۣͲһضŹϵһɬ塣
ǹ֣ɾ֮еĹһޣ
զпһ˲䣬߸˶ùӡ
Ҫ˵Ȿ÷ƵĹ飬Ǵ˵еɼҷ״ҲԸšȻһ˿Ρ
£طɫأ̬ȹ
һĻ뼧񡢶ҹϷ˵ĿУƽĺ͵ӽһʯӣ
֣㲻ὫⱾ鵱ɱ˰ɣ
ϷЦס
ͷҲûֱ̧Ϸ
ҡҡͷЦ׻˵˲òຣˮɶû׼ôһõĹ飬ȴ̲ɼҷ
ҹЦĶôаҲ£Ȿ飬īǲǵġ
Хͦǹ飬βжţüͷʱչʱ壬ȫ鼮ĺ֮С
Ȼһƪľ
׹ĦŹϵ壬һʼж
˵ɾҲӵһƪϧǲƪ񣬻Եɺ֮£õһƪľܹɾƪΪ䣬ô˵һǧѷĺˡ

һжľڵԪһ߰ľеض켣ʼת
֮䣬죬һ⾳׵ϯ
ӿɽҲī΢΢˫ͫ׵֮Уһ˿⡣
ۿһʱҲûֹͣж˼ļˣҲǰ׹е飬ܹ˾۾ж飬̺ʲô
ϧ˿һʱȫɫ죬Ķ
Ȼڳһ˵ȣȫʶЩ֡
ʲô֣ҾȻһʶЩ֣ɼҷеֻҪϣҪԶ
Ϸҡͷԡ
֮£ҹϷֵˣȫһжšۡȡ̵ʱڣڡۡһ̶֪ջ
һյĹ֮͵ֹͣĶеؽе鷭ȥƺѰʲô
֣ƪľΪΪؼĵطûˣ
ĪǣҲһƪɾƪ
÷ƵĹ飬ײеһ˿ɥ
֡
֡
ϷҹֵˣѶ׵ľٶеޱȵĺ棬֮ǰ׳ж֮У߶ףûǰ߶ţ񿴵ѹǰȥѯʡ
֣ⱾõĹ飬ĪɼҷǱ𡶳նڷ֡˵δҲ̫ˡ
ϷԸ꣬ڵһʱ佫е¶
֣ⱾϾдʲôݣΪһҲʶ֮ϣź֮ɫ
֡
ҹˣһ࣬ԴҪըˡ

ѹѹƣɤӣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ԼϣλⱾȷһɼҷ֪Ӧһɾƪ
֡Ϸҹȫ־ϲ
˭ûϵⱾȻҲɼҷźǣⱾм¼ɼҷȻǲƪ
˭˵ǲƪģ
ٿأīͳɤԺưǧսСӣϸⱾݣǷж죿
һ
īĿƺе飬һƪ
£׷ȥϸ̽˼飬Ȼһ֮£ٿһʩչѰۣ̽еĹ顣
һ̣ĿһĻˡ

Ĺ֣·裬ӡ֮⣬һϵ֣תԡ
Ȼǲľ
ԭⱾľ֣һɾ
ʣľ׵ʱϲЦտ˵㵸
֣ôˣ
֣ʲô£˸ˣ
Ϸҹ֣׷þĿס


810 Ѫ
ͶĿ⣬һЦһе飬һľС
䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫ־ϲһۿ
û뵽ȻһɾͨɾķȻҪӵϡ
Ϸпѡ
֣ⱾɾʲôдɵģΪȫ磬㷭һ£ҲǷһ
֮ϣһĨ֮ɫ
ʱϷҹˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ףȴ׵ĻӦ
΢΢һЦֵλģһɾķһᾡطжĦ
׸ܵⱾǳѵãܹȥֵܵʵż档
˵ʱһƬ
ɾķÿһλʥ˵ӵŷǳǿɾķǸޣɸ¥ƽ𣬸Ƿι̣Ҫ
ǺǣƾҲδҲ̫쿪ˣ
˻ȸԾʱ̣īͳмɤԴĤƶͷ˽һˮ
֮䣬Ϸҹֵˣ׷׾̧ͷī롣
΢΢üҲЩī롣
ⱾȻѾīʹˣΪֲ
ĪǣīǴ˼޷ɹ̹Ȼʹģ
ҲǲֻǾãƾǵ츳Ϊ޷ɹ
ⱾҪɹƷʣ츳ԣſϿҪ󣬲ʲôţܹġ
ī
ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣɫ䡣һŭصī룬Ц
ǰȻǾ£ֻа벽Ԫ磬ǣȫںʥӣ츳ǣһ뷺֮˸ӴŹϵ
ӣ˲ǵͨ졣
ޣīÿĿӵ޵ѪôȻ˵ĿˣȻǱͳţ򣡡
ϷԸ𱬣ֱ¡Ҫīӵ龳ΪѪģѻ赶ǹīƴˡ
ī룬˵ĹʮôҾǴ˵лĹʮɲ塣츳ΪǸԣȫһҶܹ⡶ôݹ壬ҲûܹⱾˣ
ȻǰһƼ
˭룬īбһۼ񣬾ǱһҡͷЦɲ壿ǺǣҿҾδؾܹⱾɹ
ΪⱾ𻯷ˣܹɹģҲһƷëǣһˡ
īڻĹʮʣȫð
񡢶ҹϷˣǵһԼĶ䡣
Ȿ÷ƵġȻ˵еˣɹ
Ҫ֪˿Ǳȴ˵еۣһ¥ݹ壬ۣΪɷͨķգ𻯷Ϊ˵еˡ
˵飬ܹһٷΪ˵Ʒëǣÿһܹõɵ츳ǣĹʮҲضãڣҪһ
Ȿõġ˵е˶ɹôӵɲʥӣҪɹҲ̫ס
ôһīĻҲԵô̶Խˡ
ôһ÷ƵġȻ˵еˣɹ
δҲ̫ˣ
ϣӿֳһĨš
Ҳ£īǲءնڷ֡ǶܹƾʲôһõġǾȫ޼ƿʩˣ
ϷȻЩɡ
ǺǣСӡҪǲŵĻԳһ¡
Ϸҹֵеľ֮ɫīЦһĿ⾶ֱףСӣھͰաп̻ĵһѪģתһ˭ܹɹôǾϣ֮츳
ҿǱ֤Ȿ岿ɼҷΪһ顣ܹɹͬʿУǴǧ޵֡
īƻĻ˵ĶĤ֮С
סҹϷˣȫ־ϲЩȲ
Ȿ÷ƵġȻ岿ɼҷΪɼҷ
𡶳նڷ֡ϵסҪʤһ
ɹ֮󣬴ǧûж֣
֣콫еķĿ¼תԪһҵҪƣ⡶ʲô˲𡣡
ڵһʱ䣬ǰ״ߴٵ


811 Ѫ
˵û
Ը𱬵Ϸ첽׵ǰ콫īеѪģ¼Ǻúһһ治ǸаˣýɽһʥӣȻһõĹ鶼ˣ
ߣһɹˣҵҪī뻹ʲô˵
ɫࡣ
һٵĴߴ׵˵ͷһʩչѰۣ̼䣬õĹ֮УһķģӡÿһöģȫɢһʥϵϢ顣
׵ʱɫһһ
īеѪôһءϡͳĸоȻͬ죡
ĿһԿһöģһöӵķģȴɢ׸εѵĿֲơ

ҧ⣬ָɱʣպѪɿͿĨ˼ʣʱһöһ޵ķģ۶ɣӡУߣȻīеѪġ
ǺǣǴ˵еѪôҿƺҲ
ϷЦһ߶ԪʼѪĵת켣ȫתѪԪ
ȣ
ȣ
֡ҹˣҲڵһʱ䣬ȫѪġһɫϾĿ¶֮ɫȻ뾡ɹҲīǰ֤Լ
̼䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫнɣʼȫתԪ
Ƹߡׯ츳һʿҲ׷׳Ѫģ

ԼĪʮʱ䣬ϷڵѪͿʼط죬ƱХֺտˮڷӿڡ
ʲôڵѪȻƲס÷ˣ
Ϸ
һ̣ϷεѵһĻˡڵѪ֮Уӿһ쳣񱩵ҲƵسʮëӿȥƺҪӲؽϷĽƤĤſ
ãڵ״̬߻ħѾԶˣ㲻ãױ
ϷһæֹͣתԪƴѹڷڵѪ
͡
ˣϷͭɫƤĤѸ͵˺˿һ˺ѵ죬Ƿļ߸͹һĸֽǷƶž죬һʹʱᱬѿ
ۣʹ࡭
УҼֲסˣ
̫ĥˣֱ̡
ׯƸˣһˣȫ֧Ƭ̣һΣ½һڿѪ̱ڵأڴڵشϢţһɫѿ
һߣҹˣɫǺ죬Ϣңƴȫѹӿ糱Ѫ
ɨȫҲֻмӵʵˣ״ƽһЩûг˵ڵѪҲûȫʧȥƿء
ʮʱ䡣


붫ҹҧ֧һʱ䣬ڲҺ׷ֹͣתԪЩˣ˰һƣѡ
ģû뵽ûĹҵʥӣȻֻʮʮͳױˣǶ
һɥش̾˼۲īɫ
īǰûƭң⡶ĲǷܹɹɾҳһ츳ǣûܼ
ҹɫ԰ֽӿֳһС
һɥϷ֡ҹˣīƤһ֮¶һĨȻɫ
ȻϷҹֵ˵ī벢е棬Ԥ֮С
ЩںʥӣȻ˳ıӣ
ϣֻʣ뼧񣬻ڿ֧š
ৡ
ʱƸߡ֡Ϸ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵뼧˵ɫӣ
Ȼ˵Ϸҹֵˣȫǲ˺֮ӣۿ뼧֧ţЩĽ뼵ʡ
ǣһ뵽ī֮ǰĿ˵ģϷҹֵˣֶ뼧ܹɹؼһҲֵǳˡ
Ѿתʮ죬ûгֱơѪҲī뽫컨׹ʵ֤ҵ츳ǣȫûˡ
һЦ߰ͷĿƵī룬ȴīĻӦ
ܵƵĿ⣬īһʧЦСӣĿǰ״ڵѪһɢǿѪĵ켣תʮ죬ȻȴûܴﵽѪĵزԣҪպ޾Ҳˮһա
䣬񲻽Ϣһϣɫ৵һòҰס
ϷҹֵˣҲզྪһī롣


812 ׹
ʲôҵŬȫˮһգ
תʮ죬Ҳ޼£
ɫһ˲Ϊһݺݵصī룬ʵҿ⡶ʲôϡɼҷֻһӣǲǵİգ
ΪγϦģǰԲ
ΪŭΪƣֱӿīĶ
֣嶯
֣ע
֡Ϸҹˣһƣʱ˻֣Ժؿοš
һͷƫһԣȻ֪ʧԣīȻŲСԹ
ܵеĲ֮⣬ī뵭ȻһЦ˿Ϊ⣬Сӣ𲻷˵ĻᣬԴȷ䣬ûбҪһСƽϡ
˵Ҫǳף𻯷ˣҪжѳһȻתʮ죬ǣԽѪԽǻɢǵû棬ڣˡֻ˵롶ûԵ֡
ī뵭Ȼ˵
һ˵Լ޷츳ǲҲԲᶨΪȱ翵Ե֣ʱҧȭͷ߬ΪĵƲƲ죬ûԵ֣ЦʣŬȻһĻԵ֮ǰԴ䣬˵ֻҪܹѪĵĹ켣תԪܹôתʮ죬Ϊֺôˣ
Խ˵ԽžţٲȻԸī˵ǡ
ȡֵļīüͣĿתƣͶ˲Զס
ȫⱩ͹Ӳӣսʱī벻ⱬ䣬ʲôСӵѪȻ˵ʢ⡭δҲ̫˼ˣ
ܵڿ񱩵Ѫ۸ڶī룬ҲٿȻɫк·Сӣֻа벽ԪΪȻӵ˿ֲѪֱǴ˵еιޣѪѪ顯Сӵ϶ȣҲǳøߣ
пܣСӣлΪ²ˣ
ī΢΢˫ͫ׵ǿһı񣬾壬զп
˵ļ
û뵽ûϵڿȺǧ֮󣬾Ȼҵһܹ²ˣ
ǿϲɺأϲɺذ
ţ˵飬Ҳһޱȵüģ
ī뼤ú
²ˣ
һһ㶵ģûŪī˵ЩʲôҲֻƬиܵīףǷǳصġ
ৡ
ͬʱ֡Ϸҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳڵһʱ۽׵ϣīĵ֮ʣνĻŭţ־ϲ
ϴȫʮ죬Ϊīϴۣȴ֮һһ£
һعĦףҪ֮
𡭡
Х׺˿٣죬ٿأͺһХֺ֮ƽһף˲ϯ̳
ϷҹǷ֡ˣȫȻһһ¡
񷢳Х֮ģףһͷ龳ޣ
ţ׵ƤĤ֮УһߣƤĤһ͹֮һֳһʻ׵澭֮ߡ
Ѫ
ڵһʱ䣬Ϸҹֵ˵Ժ֮У͸ֳôĸ֡
ڵľѪٲȻѾ۳һΪʢ
Хͦǹһһ֮䣬Ϣ̳󣬾Ͷ֮䣬ǾأԪ䡣
ÿֲѪ˸оһͷԶޣ
֮ϣӿֳһɾ֮ɫ
ѹī˵ѪɢңϴҵѪȷû۳
ԭлԹļһ׽ߵʱпѡ
ʶԼ֮ľ޴֮󣬼īԹҲһ˲ɢ

ԼĪһյĹ֮Ƴ³һߵɢɢ֫ٺǧѨϣʱ׸оȫůģȪ֮Уÿһϸ̺ʢǿѪҪһ
֣
֣оô
ϷҹֵˣһָֹͣʱΧ£ǰ꺮ů
¶΢ЦⱾΪϵɾҳǳȫµѪ˲Ȼһ£Ͷ֮䣬пɽٵ֮
ػ˼ȭͷʱһ鱬졣
˻
Ϸҹֵˣһ˵ֺôȫпĿ¶֮⡣
ϧ⡶˶ܹɹģȻЧڳˣҲֻܹ˳ɹԣڳֻĽķݣͬʱΪ׸еˡ
Сӣǰؿͷ
ٿأīһȣŵȻһ


813 ر
ʲôҵͷؿͷ
ɫһ䣬һ̧ͷī롣
ȻīҪ󣬸еǳЩɶͷԡ
Ĺīˣ׺޹ϸīΪһҪǰؿͷ
ǰǣ
üͷɳ
ϷҹֵˣҲһī롣
˾Ŀ⣬ī벻ΪأԼֵضףɣ˫֮ͫУ˵⡣
һĻϷҹֵˣȫĿ࣬
龳ī룬˪սʱǣ飬δų֣񣬾ȻỨ
δҲ̫ˣ
Сӣϲ㣬ʣһ㣬Ҫһô
īɫϾĿ⾼ضס
һ
׾ﲻѣû뵽īȻҪ
˵һ꣬Աֱģʿһǧ꣬īȻҪףһ
Ȼ˵ɼҷƷϳˣǣӵŽ壬δδؾͲܹ𻯳ɣΪ˵еˡ
ʱǻԵɺ֮£õƷʸΪϳ˵ɾķȻɵҲ֮顣
īҪ󣬸ûе
īôˣȻҪһ
һذ
ī뾿һףΪʲôɶͷԵĸо
Ϸͷ
ܹõⱾѾĻԵ
׺ԥصͷһЦҴӦ㣬һһһ
ײղɵֻǿͷϴӦûѪģһܹչīֲܵѪ
˵⡶ƷʼߣЧɾƪ˵Ҫõö࣬۾ˡ
СӣȻûѪģǣ㣬ԣҲǿֻҪ㣬ⱾƾˣԲѰɼҷܹᲢ۵ġ
ӴģƪǱɽһǡġ̲ط
ţֻҪܹ˳ɹͬʿ֮У᳹ûе֣
īһ
ס֡ҹˣȫһһ㶵ġ
ӴģȻֻǡƪǱɽһǣ
һ˳ɹ᳹ͬʿ֮гưԣûж֣
һ룬⡶Ϊˡ
֮㵽ǰͷΪⱾһˡȻҪôҪͷʦһҲܹʹ͸㡣
ī
˵ʱȻһͷ
ԭ⡶һҪͱȵŰʦΪϵˡ
ϧĴˣѾ
׸ûа취ʦţԣֻڷǰͷʦˡ
ãҴӦ
ݲǰһ۵ǰһڵأؿͷʦ

ߵ̬ϣȫȻûһ˿һķ֮⡣
֡ϷҹˣһԣضףĿ⸴ӡ
ī룬ŹؿͷףҲǰͷ
¡¡
ٿأ׶䣬ʱĹͻأľҲ
һʱ䣬عѣ̳졣
ϷҹֵˣȫȻһһ
ֿͷʦʬɣ
ְ⡣
ôаŰɣҹҡͷп
Ԫĵһ罣ȫ衣
ǣǡ
ٿأǰĵ֮Уѿһ޴ӣͬʱһӴĹ֮л
ͻһĻȫĿ࣬ҽ
Ĺ
ȻһĿΪ֮һضǰһӴĹ
һīĹϰ׸ߣʮ׿Ĺ֮ϣѰģдߵ֡ƽ¼ɷ裬ԿһööɺѪĹ֣ÿһö֣ɷ裬ԲӲӣһִСɣصĸо
ô£Ĺ֮ϣȻԿŸָع֣ң롶һУ
ݲǰһԾǰĹĹϵÿһģһ㣬ɣӡ׵֮УһӾؿ׵˼·ʹͷͨǧͷӿ
īȥˣµĹ
Ĺÿֲƣ˲
Ϸҹֵˣȫ


814 Х
СӣҵˣµѪ飬дһط롶ףСХ̬ϣõѪϿɣӦÿԵõУط
īһ˵ҿԱ֤طͱȡնڷ֮֡ɼҷҪʤһ
ϷҹֵˣȫһԼĶ䡣
˭ûϵһõĹ飬ȻǴ˵еɾķңƷʼߣɼҷҪٱ
Ŀǣ̺һطͱȡնڷ֡Ҫʤһ
ζʲô
ζšնڷ֡ǧѷɼҷֵһᣬɽһǶȲϣ
ʲôлܴУطѪڡˣ
˫Ź⣬ڼطѪڡΪڴ
ಣಡ
ӴĹű֮ϣһööƴСĹ֣𣬺һֻֻ쵶ʵĺԴӹű֮뿪ЯŰʥΧ£׵شת
ʱһɹɴѪۻ磬һֶصĸо
ԡʥ֮УֺඥȫµѪʱҵطˮһ㡣
ҵѪҪȼˡ
׶ͷðо塣Ѫ繯ӿȡ
һ췭ɵĹ֣ͬһ㣬䣬ת֮׹£ܽ⿪һɹɾѪ׵ȫ½һ̼䣬ʪȫԡѪƴʬɽѪ֮Ļһ

˫գżнţɣҲ꣬нࡣ
ɺѪɫ֣ڻ׽ӲӵͬۻԼĪһյĹһߵѪӣ۶ɡףͺǳڵһ׳棬ȲҪƿǶӼɵ
Ĺ֣·ɣѪɫ֮ϣһصĸܡ
ԭΪŽѪѪ飬侫ѪƷʣһ˭룬վȻ˱Ž廹ҪʢѪ˴۽硣
֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
űıģȻȥ龳֣þѪдɵģ׫дıݣԴڡǴӡطХ
ֵõ龳ֵľѪ࣬ں֮ѪƷʣܹһأ
ʱֵ츳ǣ϶ᷢ췭ظɱ䣡
Ϸҡͷп
˵ִ˷õĴطСХǱȡնڷ֡ҪֲطЩȲҪһΪ죡
ҹһϲЦտ
ҡҡͷһЦλҲҪץʱ䣬ԵľΪĻԵŽཫԽԽ󣡹ô˵ҲǸʥӣʳ׿һֱϺȣ񻰣
˵ţһУһӴĹٻ˳֮ϣԿ˸˸ŹĴ֡ۡƣȻһɼҷ
֡ҹ׷״ǰʼжĦҪԡۡ
Ϸǽڷ֡ٻ˳߶𣬿ʼһ̲ͣ켣
̼䣬һƬȻ졣ÿһʥӣ̿ܽƴܹڶʱڣջ

š
ת֮䣬ȥԶĻҰɫգһưܵĻٿؽȾһī֭ת˲䣬ƬձɿðīˮĻɢת˲䣬һƬڣɫŨء
ȥޱ޼ʵ컯ɾ֮УȺɽľ죬ԶʱܹһԶ޺ë

ٿأУһҰɫ⣬գһ̲ͣسԶշӶȥ
ͬʱһĳɢڲȵҹĻ£Ե÷Ĺ¼
ڳһڵһʱϳֻɵĳӣȻħʥӺӲħƳ档
ܴ˵ħƳ棬һŰ׹һ·ֻӴܣǱ׵˵Χˡ
ʮʮҹħƳһ̲ͣسŶϷӶȥƺеҪѰʲô
컯ɾ򱶣ħƳʮʮҹĵԪΪֲħƳӵʥľΪҲЩеٶȣҲ𽥻
еİ׹Ϊ֮ùâһϸ˿ѷ죬鲼ϣţҹΪעĿ
ţһ߽׵ɽ£һˣΧһϥһƵĳۣںȾƣ˵Цա
ٿأһˣĿһ־ϲضҹĻϯһҰɫ⣬ͫ׽


815 ʥ
ɽ£ҡҷںҹĻУһ˿ů
ԣΧɫʽװʿŮͷһˣ˶׵ͦư磬ԣͶ֮䣬ԸһǿѹҹĻ£һ˫ǳâһ֮ϣɫž޲ޱϲĥ͸ٲȻǸǸ
ʦ֣Щȴ½նɱһЩͽޣܹջٶöˣ˵Сջ񡣡
Ȼ࣬ҲգԵľΪˡ˵ǻܹ컯ɾ֮УԪ磬Ϊʥ߼Ĵڣ
һŮŷ٣
ٺ٣컯ɾȻ鴫ضǱٶöˣֵǣؽ컯ɾеʥӣ˵ջܹᲢۣ
һİСˣͷһЦ
ʦ֣Ļǵսܺնڶ޾ˣ
һŮЦţźۼͷӵƨ
ͷӣɫž޲컯ɾʵǿޣҪȡԵҪֽǡ
⣬컯ɾ˲ɽֵģ컯ɾͬɲɽģʥӣɽʾ֭˸ַǡǣڲɽĵӣȴûʲôơԿ϶ǣ컯ɾĲɽӣΪ˶ڡǲҪޣҪʥӣڲɽֽ䱸֮ġ
ٶö޾ˣһЩͽ׾ˣƷߵľˣҲֻһöʥ޾˰ˡ
ȻЩջ񣬻ͷʧȥǡ
ʦԼǡ
ʦֽ̻ǡ
Ů׷׳ǡ
ٿأһݿʵ꣬һָǿ쿴ʲô
ৡ
ʱ˾ĿһѭȥһҰɫ⻮ʱƤһ
һֻ棡
꣬ȳжϣӦʥ߼ĴڡϢƺԪ
ǿ쿴滳бʲôһӣ
ٿأһƻŮ
ڳˣÿһ˶ٽԪʥӣĿʶȻҹĻ֮УһۣܹħƳϵë˺
ţ
ͷӣٿȻɫ䣬һ˫ͫضħƳ滳еӣӺۻıԪûжϴöӵƷʣԲʥ
˵ţһӣһȵس𣬡ߣǽ
δ䣬Ů׷зŹ⣬ûһ˿һĳɣ׷׳𣬾ԳħƳķ׷϶ȥ

ÿһ˵ڣԪĵŰ

ܵɿ׷϶ӰħƳһܵǰδеΣУƴȫȼھѪȫٶȡ
ֻݵһħƳ澶ԻûһӰǰһţƬ̼䣬ʧ١
ãΣգȫӶˣ
þ˵ٶȣҪ׷һ׵飡
ΪöʥӣΣҪ
Ů׷ʩչԶħƳ汣һξ롣
Ȼ˵˲ûа취ʱ룬ǣҲֱӱħƳ˦ûӰңħƳ棬ʮʮҹĳ;棬ڵԪĴֻƾȼھѪȫӶݣƱؼֲ˶á
һħƳԪľƱؽٶ轵ʱ򣬱ֻ·һˡ
ţٶȵǲͬ죬Ϊ˱սپΪԶ׷ɱһ׶ޣ롣
ٿأͷ˱һһɿֲԪӿ۳һԳ
һ˶ĳػţ𾢷
Ǻǣ˽ʥӣӵŽѪٶȣǵ츳
ͷЦ˫һʱһ֦֮תۻƳգħƳľ롣

ħƳȫȻܵ˿־壬зһ˻Ƶ
ס֡ڳһᾪ㵵ط֣˫ˣȻڹǽڽ̵ʥӽ𻢣
𻢣׳Ҫһսĳˣ
īҹĻ£ţȡٿأһâƫеػȫӶݵħƳ档
ͣ
ֻһ죬ħƳһΣƮɵԴӸ߿׹


816 
ಣ
һΣԴһӣһĽâ̺Űʥɽ̼¡

ΣУħƳ治ɵȻһæһ֮յ˿
žһ׹ԴħƳצ֮׹֮С

˫ƷŹ⣬͵һӣһɰʱϯ֮еİ׹֮С
ಣಣ
ͬʱͬڽڽ̵ʿѸ͵طӶΧ£ڽǰһϲЦտ
ʦǲͬ죬ͽʥ߼ˣ
һſɰƻŮݵŽ𻢣ëһգһգģˮ󣬺һܹ˵Ļߡ
ʦ֣öӣʲô
꣬Ȳѯʵ
Ħеİ׹Ŀ¶⣬Ƭ̺һϲǺǣһΣǼһıˡûжϴĻöӣӦһö׹ʥҪ߳һΣǰ벽Ĵڡ
ڳʿȫĿ࣬־ϲŽеİ׹ԼĶ䡣
ö׹Ȼǰ벽Ĵڣ
ǳ󣬾龳ʿѲѡ񣬽𻢵˵õһö벽İ׹ֱһĲƸ

ʧ˰׹ħƳţһ˫ī֮ͫУ¶һĨʵɫ
ħƳԪսԣҪӽ𻢵жذ׹졣
ٿأħƳ壬ҵؾһſ֥Сĳѣڲ˳ںںڵģϸ۲죬Է֡
ܹٿųѣɿѣӳ֮һϸӳ棬Щӳ棬ħƳΧһ㣬䡣
ˣǧˡ
һУؽ׹֮УͬʱĿ磬ԿϢٵħƳ档
ߴߴ磬նҪ
𻢿ɲϣһֻӵԪǺġ
ಣಣಣಣ
ֻһƿʿ׷Χ£ħƳΧһеʥĿ¶׹⣬ɱڡ
ףһħƳ棬˵УֻУ
ٿأһŮ˫˸˸
ʲôһֻеħƳ棿
ĪǣħƳ棬ǰħ廿ģ
һ˵ħƳпڰħ棬ڽڽ̵ļʿȫʧɫ
ڰħ壬ÿһ˶Ļ񣬷һħƳ棬Ǿӿ
û뵽ħȻ͸컯ɾ֮Уⰵħ壬Ʋɺ֮£һԪħƳ棬ȻҪնݳ찵ħ
ĿһӣݵһƳգЯ޾ƣԳħƳȥ

˵ʱʱ죬ħƳ漸ûз͵һֱӱһնϣ߰˷Ƶĳ壬ǶΪأѪһء
İħ壬ͳͳȥ
ɱ
ʿ׷׻Ӷеʥ繥ƣƳˮһӿһ˲䣬ħƳγû
ǧһ֮ʣһŨҵħߣħƳһض壬һ˿
һʱ䣬ȳѪ
ţħƳδҲ̫һˣȻһͿɱˣ
ٺ٣ɱһħƳ棬ǽޣȻֻһ棬Ҳܹ찵ħ
ڽ̵ʿһϲЦտƶЦ
ħڶ֮Уһָ׳̵ħƳ壬Ȼವһ䶯֮Уת֮䣬㳹ʧ١
ԣħƳ沢ûⲻֻһ۷
ٿأĿһͺȳ
ļʿȫ΢΢һһŽ𻢡
ħƳʥ߼ĴڣȻԪǣԲô׾ɥȪ
룬ֻΪǵעӣ
һˣ𻢵ʱͷųŸ
ǣĶħƳӰӣ
ʲôħƳˣ
Ǻãһħ֪˰׹ôһҪ鷳
һʱˣ
ڽ̵ӣһ̾
𻢵һЦҡҡͷ޷컯ɾޱ޼ʣ޷ʹǫ̂ǰħ֪׹ǣҪҵǣذ׹ҲǴ룬ԣ赣ǣ
ڳڽ̵ӣȫ΢΢ͷϲЦտ
ȷ
ħƳ˳˰ħİ֣Ҫذ׹ǣޱ޼ʵ컯ɾ֮Уڴ룬νã


817 ط
ڽڽ̵Ľ𻢵ˣһ࣬۷׷׵ʱ֮УһСӳ棬ϢһԾһƻŮϡ
ߣҸƧ֮أչǱޡһö׹֮ʵɱޣռˣҲøӵӦ֣
𻢻һơ
ڳˣȫͷһЦһͬ𣬳Զϯȥ
Ƭ̼䣬Ӱʧ˵֮С
ͬʱ￪һƬïܹľڣħƳһض壬֮˳
һݳ棬ſһƬҶ֮ϣ۲ãȷûΣ֮󣬷һӿһҲ䶯ת֮䣬ħƳĳ壬ͳ׻ָԭ״
Ϣ
ಣ
ٿأħƳǲϷһ㣬ڹľһ·ɴܡ
˾ǣħƳȻʩչ˶ľѧӹ˽𻢵˵Χɱ˳
Ҫɣȫǰǲ̫ˡΨطУһ·ϢһΪӪ

̳ɽ֮У񡢷֡ҹˣȫΧһƵĹΧ£ȫжĦš
ҹЪжĦⱾ顶ۡϧչСӣҪѧۡҪķ£
ҹһ̾
һҲҡҡͷһͬеؿҹ֣ҲûʲôչɼҷȻ޴󣬵ǣҪѧᣬȴǼΪѡ
붫ҹӿЦ
ʿ˵һαչǱޣʮأǼΪ顣ɼҷʮûʲôչˡ
ܿ죬ϷҲ΢΢³һվ
֡
֡
ֵĿ⾶Ͷ˼Ϸǵ״ôˣ
Ϸ뼧ҡͷЦⲻµʱ䣬ɬɼҷǲܵ飡
֡ҹǵһЦͬصͷ
˶ںʥӣÿһ˾Լ֮ԣҲ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹأ
ҹĿתƣԿ޴Ѫеס
Ϸ񡢷ֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϡ
Űµʱ䣬ǧ֮Ĵط˵ȡնڷ֡Ҫʤһ
ǲ򡶹ۡڷ֡ȫûʲôʵԵĽչ룬Ҫ˳أҪһʱ䡣ǲżԾȺ򣡡
һط
ҹ΢΢ͷ³һԸܹڰ֮˳أ
˭룬˶Ϊ׵ıչ֮գǳʱͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫĿࡣ
飡飡飡飡
Ѫɫӣͻأ˺ѳһѷ죬ƽѣž졣
ͬʱһŨҵѪÿХ̳졣
ţɹô
ɽī룬΢΢̧Ƥ׵Ŀ֮У壬еһ˿ο
ȣ
ٿأһ׹ըƽض𣬲Ѫɫӣı˿
ͬʱǹͦȫ壬˫ִսһ㡣
֡
֡
Ϸҹֵˣȫ־ϲһ˼ף׷׳ǰȥӵ׵ǰ

Ƴ³һ͵һȫǱ죬Ⱪ͹Ŀתâ
Ǻǣڳɹõ˴طХ⣬ҵƷʣҲһأѰʥҪһأ
һˣ͵һȭͷһΪ֮졣

һӣһʥ׵Ĵзɶ׵Ĳٿ֮£͵һѸ͵ؿ׵š
ͻһĻϷ֡ҹһˣȫһĿࡣ
Ȼһ̣˾㵵ľˣֻϡһʥ׵ϣȫûжһ˿һˡ
ڣ׽͵һֱӽʥ˳ȥ

͵صͺһһȭҶһֱӽʥ˳ȥ
ģҿʲôֵǣȻȫʥĿɱ⣬ֿȭܹʥ
ӣֵƷʣһΣĽʺް
Ž壬ԽԽֲˣ
Ϸҹֵˣȫһզпѡ
ˡ
һߵؿǰʵѾɹطХôܲʩչǴ۽簡
ৡ
ʱϷҹֵˣȫ۵׵ϣһ֮ɫ


818 ¹ǽ
ܵȵĿ⣬׵һЦҲãøλһХ
˵ţ𣬷ɵ˰Уֿȭ׼չȭš
𡭡
˭룬ʱԶдһըװĺХڳ˷׷ѭȥ
쿴ǺǴ˵е¹ǽ񣡡
Ϸ
δ䣬˾΢΢һ׷һӻͳ˷תԪԴ
¹ǽӵ¹ͷ­壬ͨӵԪΪ⣬ǿٶȼ죬ϲȺӣʥΪֲĴڣ
ʥ¹ǽȫԶ֮
¹ǽȺӷӶԸ鷳ģҪȻⲻһս
ڻĹңʶ㣬йڽһһʮ˵˳
ȥʮͷ¹ǽ񣬷Ӷư磬ɱ죬ÿһͷ¹ǽ񣬶ӵԪΪ
ণ
ǧһ֮ʣһĤȫɫĵȾԷӶһֵ·ɡ
ڵȵٻ֮£Ľ׻ȳӶһɫƶ䣬ء
ҺеڣĻ״̬ҪӦȺ¹ǽ񣬲ף
û˽׻ȳ۶ɵĳƣ¹ǽҲҪ֮
Ը¹ǽʶ࣬Ҫ鷳
ϷҹֵˣȫһеķһϾ
𡭡
ʮͷ¹ǽ񣬸һյĳȺȫ˻ٲȻܵΣ
ʱͷ¹ǽ񣬸ı䷽򣬾Գһ߷Ӷȥ
̫ˣ¹ǽתƷˣ
ұܹһ٣
֡ҹϷˣȫһ
ߣܣûôף
ãҳطХȺ¹ǽ֣
ͺһ׵αӣʩչӡԳʮͷ¹ǽ˶ȥ
һĻҹֵ˵Уƽĺӽһʯӣ̼䣬һ캧ˡ
֣ҪʲôΣգ
־Ȼǹƥӭսʮͷ¹ǽǲҪˣ
ӣֶɵطХǳţĻҲգ
ϷҹֵˣһҽȰ衣
ϧ׸ȰֿȭΪһ⣬̼䣬㽫ʮͷСɽ㽡˶¹ǽ
𣬺𡭡
ʮͷ¹ǽбһǰף׽а벽ԪƣƺΪмһκεͣ٣һ·ֱײƺҪһ˲䣬׸ײһ̲ࡣ
ͣͣͣ
¹ǽ΢΢ſѪڣӿ³һ׳âƺҪһ˲䣬ɱ
̼䣬ܵС
ণ
ǧһ֮ʣȻûһɫӰԳ׵ķ˶ȥ
ϧԶˮѾȽ𣬵ȻӵžԵĸǣҲЩ޳Ī
ȡ
ɱ׿Ȼ͵رһһȭҶʱֱһһԶľÿռ˻ը졣
𡭡
ͬʱһĺХƽض𣬺٣׻һɿֱֲָģ
ۡ
ۣʲôȻܹѪ
ׯƸߣʮ￪⣬͵ͷŶطХ𵴣Ѫң͵ſһѪ
ϷҹֵˣҲѪӿɫѿ
ԶУʮͷצ¹ǽ͵Ϣһϣ׹̶󣬶Ϊ֮һ٣
ಣ
ʱ׽̤ӡһΣƾʧ١
ȵٴγֵʱ׵ȭȻЯſ񱩵ľ͵¹ǽͷ­

ֻһıټһͷ­̼ķѣѪɡ
ʱԪ¹ǽһغ˵ʱʱ죬̶̵̣ĵָһ˲
ಣ
һ֣һ̲ͣٶȽ̤ӡգۼֺ˼ͷ¹ǽͷ­

ʱһıʮͷ¹ǽ½ͷһغȻС
һͷͷСɽС¹ǽصشӸ߿׹ʯص׹֮У̳һƬ
һܹͷ¹ǽ񣬽ɥ
𣬺𡭡
Ҵͷ¹ǽ񣬸һ˵ʬ壬ǲҺ׷׻Ӷ򣬳ԶӶݶȥ
ӣûôף
һ·ֻʶӵ¹ǽײһƣճһĨЦ
ͬʱվԶϷҹֵˣȫĿ࣬һһȫɵۡ
а벽ԪףȻһغ֮䣬˳ɱͷ¹ǽ


819 
Ϸҹֵ˵¹ǽּʥǳѲΨƾʥһս֮
ˣҪ˳նɱ¹ǽȻ̫ס
һ¹ǽİΧȦУڣ֮ݡ
˭룬׵ǹƥӭսʮͷ¹ǽ񣬾Ȼһغ֮ڣɱеͷʣͷǲֻʶӣ
𺳣ĵ𺳣
ʹ״컨׹ӿҲԽŷ
طХôǿֲգۼ䣬ɱͷʥ¹ǽʣͷ¹ǽҲ׷Ķӣ
ϣӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ӵŽ壬ʵǷǣָ֮Ҫɱͷʥ¹ǽ񣬻ǲ̫ܵġˡطХǵǹƥʮͷ¹ǽҲռϷ硣ּսȻʥĴڣҲĪ
Ϸһĸп
ѧطֱ֮úսһ㡣ѹīųԣ˵ֻҪѧˡͬʿ֮УҲûж֣ǻԴ˲мһˣС
ҹƶЦΪʵеˡ
ʮͷʥ¹ǽ񣬶ϴĶӡӣϴĿǰʵͬΪ벽ԪĶ֣ѹʽʤֵܣϴǰһ֮С
զп
ʮͷʥ¹ǽһغ֮ڣͱնɱ룬仨ˮ
˵ףƾšطȻϷҹ֣ܹ֡սʤ
һ÷ƵĹ顶ڶ̶̵ʱڣ׵ʵ췭ظɱ䣡
ףٶȶԾħʥӡӲ¸Ҫսغϣܹвһ㣬սʤӲʮħʥӣ
ಣಣ
У׽̤ӡΪһ⣬գ֮䣬ͺͷŲ·¹ǽǰ
ء
ͷ¹ǽȻǰףͫ׽ŵøεѣ
У
һЦͣšո͵һȭҶ
ʱһը죬𵴡
ͬʱһĵ޺ҲƵش˿
飡
ֻ֮¹ǽѪ𵴣أԲҺһɽӣʱ˶ߵķݣӸ߿׹
ͷ­ҲӦѣİ׵һء
һͷʥ¹ǽ׵طǰȻԣͱˡ
Ҵͷ¹ǽ񣬷ʩչ˶̶ֺ֮Уȫá
ͣ
׽̤ӡһΣһֵХ磬ֱӽһͷ¹ǽͷ­ࡣ
ȣ
šߣѸ͵ȷ磬ƴաһ㣬ֱӽ¹ǽͷǸ߳һѲк
ͷ¹ǽһغ
໡
ȥֻʣһͷ¹ǽҴѪӿң˵ַжҡҡλΣƺҪ͵شӸ߿׹һغ
Ǻǣֻʣһͷ¹ǽˡ
׽ȭͷԱ죬һĮضһͷ¹ǽ
ܵеζЦ⣬˶¹ǽ񣬵ʱһ߰ͷ­зһĵͺذݷ׵ϥ£˶壬׹ѣɪɪ
ţ
ͷ¹ǽ񣬾ȻͶϣҪңΪҵĳ
üͷһ̣û뵽벽ԪңȻܹ׽һͷʥ˵ͷ¹ǽ񽵷ˣҲȽ硣
һˣѪһʱһɰϯѹ¹ǽսսҴ
ȻͶңôϽʶҽС׵ҧ⣬һﴮľѪ
һ״Ӧɽ¹ǽ񼤶صͺһæʶ׼ӭ׵ӡ
Ȼֻа벽Ԫ磬ǣ׵ʵԶ¹ǽ֮ϡǿΪ˭ȭͷ˭
ֻа벽Ԫ磬ӵѹʵ츳׿δ˵׵£һȷľ
٣һɱ¾֮
ণ
ٿأһɫĹӰӶ
һߵĵȣ߷ߵػһֵͶϵ¹ǽŭĿӣȻһʳǵĻΪһӰ¹ǽ˶ȥ
ס֣
״ʧɫæֹ
ȣǩԼһȣȶʱܵԼ͵ͣɱ¾
תͷһ˫ɫͫףΪίضףΪʡ


820 
ŵеίɫײ΢΢Ц
ȻǳԴˡ
Ϊ׽棬ӵʥ߰ľΪǳٿųǧֻ׻ȳ棬Ƴ졣ѰԪʿȫǵȵĶ֡
ˣҲֻǩԼΪ
ڵ˵׵Ļǽɣʥּ򲻵Υ
һͷϡƽ¹ǽҲҪΪ׵ĳ뵶ƽƽ
Ȼ˵¹ǽʥǿѸףǣʥ߰쾳ĵǰȻһЦ
Ǹū۵ĳȺ¹ǽ뵶ȫûñȣһεĴڡ
ԣζԽ¹ǽƽƽʵ޲ǰȥ¹ǽһնɱ
ϧڵȿҪ֮ʣ׵һȣֹ
໡
ܵӿİɱ¹ǽηηصͷзֵ̿ĵͺ
ҪλˡĻΪһͷ޹ؽҪ¹ǽ񣬶ʹõĴ٣Եòʧ
ͷͨ΢˼Ƭ̣ʱ΢΢һЦŭĵȣȣĪšҽͷ¹ǽ񣬲ֻΪҵĴ߰ˣս趼㲻ϡ
ȰɫͫףʱƷŹ⣬ŭɢ롣
׵Ужϳͷ¹ǽĵλ뵶Ტۡ
ˡ
ɫһضŵü˳۵¹ǽ񣬡ȻԸͶҵ£ôҪұϹϾ֮֮ȥڵȣҲҪĴ澴ηǱҷ֣Եа㲻̱ӣʶѣɢ
׾͸¹ǽȷĶλ
ء
¹ǽʱشӦų򣬷ɵ¹ǽǰһü˳۵ģ
һֵб¹ǽ֮󣬷Ŵֵػ˻ֵ¹ǽΪѡ
ȥֻһͷɽ¹ǽһߵĵҾΪЦ

һȲٽ⣬׵ʱ³һﴮľѪԼΪһ壬¹ǽʶ֮С
һ¹ǽ˼룬ȫ׵ƿ֮£ֻҪһӶ¹ǽ
໣
˳µسΪ׵ĳ¹ǽ񼤶ѣΪܣ·һȦвͣЪغš
֡
֡
ʱϷҹֵˣ׷׵ǰһϲԽƶЦ
֣طХƳ죬Ǵ۽磡Ȼͽʮͷʥ¹ǽնɱˣò
ԸϷڵһʱǰֺϲ
ϲ֣ϲ֡
һĨЦ⣬ʵȻûһͻƣΪʥǣʵ֮ǿԶʥ
ǺôҲǺʥӣޣǰȴѹĴ󡣡
ܵԽԽĶҹһҡͷп
Ǻǣֻðˡ
ǫѷЦǺǵ漴һԾֱ¹ǽļ
໡
¹ǽףһͷҳϵĺѪһ£¹ǽʱأϱȫȻûһ˿һķ档
־Ȼ׽һͷʥɷҲ
ƲƲ죬Ŷ¹ǽҪжףɷѡ
ʲôʱҲƾŸԵʵһͷʥսͺˡ
ϷԹԵֹţ㲻ּܽһͷ¹ǽҲ档
Ϸҹֵһ۵ĿУ¹ǽط˼Ȧ׹ڵء
۵Ŀ⣬¹ǽɽذͷЩٻļơ
⸱̬뵶ȵ˫֮УдۣʱһʳһٻĽ׻ȳ棬Գʮͷ˵¹ǽʬ˶ȥ

̼䣬Ľ׻ȳӿ糱֮䣬ͽʮͷɽһĽʬ壬ɾ⣬һĹͷʣ
ণ
⣬ʳʮö¹ǽľ˸ץצУವһֱ׵ǰʮöϽɸס
Ȼ¹ǽΪ׵ǣȻ̫¹ǽһȴæü˳۵صͷϧȴȫӶ
Ǻǣʮö޾ˣʹ͸ˡ
ۿȻЩƲ֣׵˻ֱ֣ӽʮö޾˸ʹ


821 󸻴
ণ
һ׽ʮöʥľˣȫʹ͸ԼȲצӷ裬ͽö޾ˣ˿֮С
ƺ¹ǽԹ𾧺ƾ׽ӣֱ죬Ϊ׺ݡ
ϴ󡣡
еǰ׵ļ򣬡ӵˡһطԺɨͬʿҿ㲻ר־⡶ڡϵɳն飬ͽ棬ٺ١
һƤЦףĿ¶֮ɫ
ϷҹֵˣҲĿƵס
żֵеľ⣬һǺһЦҽն롶ϵɳס׳ҲСҸղ¹ǽɱû񫡣磬λֵΣ
һȻЦ⡣
ڡն롶ϵɳס飬ײ̫ڿأֻ֮ǰ¹ǽսû׾ˣԣýϷԼ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȻһһ
ʲôţ
ֽͷҡǸ˹ģУԲУʵױܺɨʮͷ¹ǽǿɲ㵱ɳ
ûҶд裡
ϷתߣҲвӦ
һ֡ϷҹҲ׷½롣
εͷĿתƣһƤЦļ
͵شһ£ٺֱЦǸ֣Ҿáն롶ϵɳ飬ﻹͦõģҸղֻһʱڿ죬˵˻ǧҪ⣬ٺ١
Ȼ˵ӵɲ壬ʵ֮ǿڶʥ֮Уǰé֮⣬ûж֡
ǣü׶սҲǲԸġ
ϾʮĹУɲֻŽһΨһ̵ƣǰҲֻһЦ
ڷ͸ˡ
ңףѧһǿطХһȭѪڣ𵴣¸ûл֮Ҫ׸һͷ
֮£ֻҡҡͷһߴ¹ǽ񣬵ʱͨ¹ǽ⣬ɽش
СӣôûƭɣһΪľָطͬʿУûж֡
īһȻס
ǰм
ϲЦտƬ֮󣬺ʵǰ˵ⲿÿһ磬ܹһµطô
а벽Ԫ磬ѧˡХ֮ױɱͬʿ
ڣʥ¹ǽҲȫ׵Ķ֡
ڽԪ֮󣬻ϰһǿطô׵ʵƱؽɱ䣬ͬʿбֲܡ
īһصͷÿһΣܹһططХֻһֳططԽԽǿ
δ䣬ײɵһϲϲЦտ
֡ϷҹˣĿ࣬һ
֮ÿһ磬ܹõһµط
һʲôĸ
Ҫ֪Ƿ֡Ϸҹˣ˳ѧᡶնڷ֡ϵɳסеһɼҷ롰ХȻҪһء
ÿһ磬ܹѧһطô֡Ϸҹһʥӣ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ
ⲿδҲ̫ˣϧǵ츳ǣĻһĻԵ
ҹզп
ǰһǧö鵤ҩ븹УָԪһУֱӴӴУһǧö鵤ҩ˳͸ī롣
ÿһö鵤ҩ˱ǣǲɶõҩ
״īУѧˡһĻԵī룬ҲǸж£׳һǧö鵤ȫܲۡ
ãúã
īǰһѵſѪڣ͵һֻһǧö鵤ҩʱΪһﴮɿӿīĿС
Ũҵīߣ޸ƣ̲ǣһīǰ̬ܵͻָЩɡ
Сӣллˡ
ī³һЦס
׹˹֣⡣
ˣСӡʲôʱԪ磿
ٿأīɤͳسѯʡ
ײɵ΢΢һͷҵȻָԪȻѡһǡʱȫʥ߾磡
֪ǰι˷ʣ
գգ۾һѯʡ


822 ߽Ѫ
˻ĹʮһŽ壬ռ֮һƬɫǳԪ磬ضҪսɫ󣬵ʱһʥ١
׵츳ǣʥ٣ƱؼΪֲ𺫸ʥҪ񱩡
ʱγɣ춯أ˷ĵˣ롣
ԣҪԪ磬Ҫȫ׼
ʱڣǾԲóȻԪġ
٣ҲҪȷ֡ϷҹһֵܣȫָԪ׻Żֿǡ
׾ǣīȻ׵ѯʲôʱѡԪ硣
һͷˮЩɶͷԡ
Сӣһ飬ʱҪˡ
īɤͳɫϾҪгԪ磬Ǿûлɹģ
Ϊײΰ룬ÿһ磬ͻһּǿطͬÿһ磬Ҳһؿ
طһޣؿѶȣҲ𲽵ӡ
һؿΨнؿлɾԪ硣
ī
δ䣬ײһϷҹֵˣҲһī롣
ûϵ⡶Ȼб׶ˡÿһ磬һµĹؿңؿѶȣҲΪӣ𲽵
ʲôÿһ磬һؿؿѶȣӣ
׵һһī롣
ī룬֮ǰûнֱ׶һһʮظ֪ףǴ꡶ôʹ
ѾˡûлͷҪڣҲûлˡ
һʱ䣬׵ʹͷΪơ
ٿأͷϹŲõЦݣû£Ž壬츳ǣһضһЩĥѣһЩؿûд󰭡ţֻҪ׼㣬һܹؿΪʥ
Ϸҹֵˣȫͷ
츳ڣ̷˹ҶƬôڹ̲֮£϶ܹһ˲佫ԼľΪԪ磬ڣʥ졢죬пܣȫûʧܡ
īΪλΪ׾ûлƹؿΪʥ
ܵеĲɫī뵭һЦСӣڶڡ˽⣬͸֪ϰˡ֮Ҫ߾磬ȳƹؿĻǿг߾磬ɣԪ߻ħһغҪһ¥Ǿûлġ
ɫһ䣬ʲôҪԪ磬ҪȽؿǿг߾磬ܷɣ߻ħ
գգ۾ʵǰĹؿҪν
ףϷҹֵˣҲһȵī롣
û뵽һ·˳󼪴ҲҪġ
֪ҪԪ磬ø߽ľѪอ̥ܳǣؿʥ
ī
ʲôҪԪ磬ٵĵһؿø߽ľѪ
ЩԾ
ӵĹ涨
߽壬츳׿ʵˣĶȥҸ߽ľѪ
ϣӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ӵŸ߽ѪĴڣȫöԸ֮Уżնɱһ߽壬Ҳʲô
ϧ컯ɾҪɱһ߽壬ɼ߽ľѪΨпʵͷǳˡ
˵ˣ컯ɾеޣһһֲ
ǺǣСӡȱż˵
ܵеĻ̼ī뵭һЦתͷԶеѩɽƬѩɽôѩɽۣ֮סһ˪˪Ѫǡþڸ߽塣ֻҪһ֮˳նɱ˪ôܹñ˪ľѪอ̶̥ǣԪ硣
ʲô˪
ײɵõһԶѩɽзһ˿ɬ
ϷҹֵˣҲĪͣذ̾
˪ǿ龳Ĵڣ׵˵ʵڱ˪ǰһͺǰһ㡣
ԣΨһϣֻܼīϡ
һ֮īָԪ׻Ὣ˪ɽȣīһսʱǳǰܣҪ
īܷսʤ˪ܷ˳Ԫ磬ֱӵ
ҡҡͷа̾ϢҲٳɣһУͳһǧö鵤ҩݸī룬ǰﻹһǧö鵤ҩ̷£ȫָԪʲôԸֻҪܼģһҵ
֪ī֮Խ˵һ׶ڡⲿصķһ˽⣬һ棬Ҳһף֪īҪԡ
Ǻǣҽһǧö鵤̷㹻ˡҴĳ˯ܹ׻ָ״̬ʱ򣬶ὣָ˪ѩޣ
īſ͵һһ춯һǧö鵤ҩʱΪһﴮ糱һ㣬ӿīĿС
ӳӯī죬ٿأֳչһЦСӣģֻҪָȬܹ˳ɱ˪ΪȡѪ
лǰ׻æ
ֻǡ
īһ٣ҡһ¹ͺͺͷΪľǣɥʧǣҲһǧɣ㿴
īգգ۾һڴס
ײһ
׻˵ϵ˳ϲҡīȥֵҪ鵤ҩֽǻ
ϷƲƲ죬Ϊޡ
֡ҹˣīҲһ˿С
īĻԲѰʥܹ͸ġ
Ǻǣǰѣѽȴˣ
׻ȻؾһԴæһӴнǸ˳ػī롣
ˡ
ϵīһವһǺܵٻ͵ڷɶ𣬾Ҳһīͷ­֮ϡ
Х죬һķâԴīԴ֮ϯ죬ƺҪƲ񷡣
ˣҪȱչǱˡһ֮
ī³һһΣƾջΪһ⣬¡֮Уʧ١
ɽڲʱֻʣסϷҹһˣһ۵Сۡ
Х
֣īҲ̫թƻˣȻƭ⡶ҪԪ磬Ҫø߽ľѪҪδҲ̫Ͽˣ
Ϸֱڿ죬һָժīֲǡ
˵⡶ԽĹؿѶȣҲԽԽߡδʥҪø߽ľѪҪ֪ʲôΪϿҪ󡣡
һɬҡͷԣûⲿľǸеһ˿ҡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
΢΢³һҡҡͷ¶һĨЦݣλֵܣҲϽһطϢȡһ֮󣬶гĽ


823 ɫ
һɽİɽɽʯᾣľŨɫɽһپȫˬ򣬺׹ɾأů÷ǳ⡣
ʱŨܵĹľУһˣΧһһµֳַۣϸֳϾɫΧһߵɫǰĿ¶⣬ͣش˫֡
ɫ䣬ܹƬҶÿһƬҶвͬɫΪȻϣǷǳѵõĹҩɫ
ʦ֣ɫͳ׳ˣʱǲժȥ׾ܹԪ磬Ϊ˵еʥߣ
ʱǱʥӣһ̤Ԫ磬컯ɾ֮Уһ䶯
һȣ˴ԼŮ̬ЦˬʣһĵۣԵʮֻЦʱˮӣŨŨضһ˸ӡ
ܹһɫǱڵĻԵɫĻֻһ죬ʱժڶͻή㡣ԣ⼸һҪ򲻵⡣
Ϊʦֵӣüͷûзֵһǣɫһ죬̾ͻ콵ƣɫʺ硣ʱһʵǿޣǵĴΣˡ
ڵӣ΢΢ͷ
ʦ֣ġҹػɫԣһɫ죬̾ͻὫժԶģԲʲôΣյģ
СزЦеذο
࣬΢΢ͷ
ɲǼ䣬չȥˡ
ʱֵ磬ʥơСزˣһĿڵػɫ˫
ʱɫĻȻţȻɫĻ꣬ɢֹΣ۳һѤõɫʺ磬ڰС
ʦֿ쿴ɫѾˡƤɰСز㵸ػ
еķһӣæվСؿǰȥ׼ժɫ
ಡ
˭룬ؼʱ̣һټĽ֣͵شЯŰʥѹɽ
ʦ֣
ʦСģ
ڵʥӣ׷׾
ţ
͵̧ͷȥͫһеķŴĽϯȥ

ѩķӭǣ̼ΪһƥâŴĽӣҪӸס
գ֮䣬Ȼ
Ԫӿȫתеķɫء
ƾ㣬ҲҪֵҵİӣ
ٿأһЦɽ£ԷɫӰÿһӰŹͷĵɮˡ
еϮ
죬һ
ڵĵʿһˣʱ׷״߶еʥ׼ӭս
գ̤ӣ
ͷһɮˣ룬ģ˵мƣֻһȣݵɣ˰ӡ
һɮ˽̤ӣ͵ѹȶ¡
䡭
ʱһıӹâʢʥӿǴһȦ
ڰϵķʱӦϣķѡ
ۡ
Һһ˵ӣƶߵķһ㣬ɶ
ˣ
ɮһ֣ٿŰӣӸ߿ֶ£һԽɫС
ಣಣಣಣ
ɮ£׷׷ӵǰػڰӵܱߣȫɫͭ޺
ͺ¿ǾȻұڵɫͲ±ڱ
龫ֵСزһ߷ߵضɮ£ﲻơ
ڣĮһ壬ȻĹҪһߣҲǳţѰҵ
ЦһССıڣҲǰҫ
ɮһĲΪ⣬գɫҪˣνʶʱΪܣҪǶ£͸ϽβͣйĻҳ׺ݣͳͳɱ
컯ɾȫǽǸϾɱҲû˻֪ʱ򣬱Ҳץѱ¡
ɮһƶ˵Ŀ⣬ǿһֻֻ׵ĸ
£Ƿеĵһ£֮ȫѷɫڡңɮµߣһЩĹҷìܣҲδ·硣
ʲôµɮˣ
ڵɫһ䣬пһ
ǴҪǵɫˣ
˲ǵѪ΢΢ãұʥӣҲӣ󣬽գұҪһµ
ʦֵܣϣ
Ϊɫղݣ
ڵʥӣһеʥһ·ǰ


824 
ɫǳ󣬵õ֮󣬱ڵʥӣȫܹƽƣһԾΪԪʥߡ
ڱڶԣɫǲɶõĻԵˣԲ׹á

̼䣬ڵ׽ɱһĽâ췭ɣһĽϯ̳죬ɳʯ䡣
µɮˣͭ޺ǿԪƳеʥܲ͸磬
ڱڵʥӣҲʾָʥƷӿâ䣬ÿһָߣƺҪ˶ɡ
£Ǳڣҧۣ޲һ˲佫Էնɱ
ǣڵս޼ɱ£ԣһʱڣѹƶԷȡʤ
ȣ
ٿأɽ´һıѪɫӰԾԱڣɽ伸ϸɽɽ䡣
ͷһˣһۣͷѪ׶׳˶ţһԻĿɨӶ£ɱȻ˲ɱħȫʲô֮
Կ벽ĵطվͦǹӰһĿ˫ִƳһǸ֡
˾ǣ˵ȫȳ̱ǵħһּаĸо
еϮס֣

ɽ䣬ľۣɱۣһʹƴɱٿأһ˰ɽǺ󳷼һضˡ
ģû뵽һɫȻôĻļһһ£Ѿǹͷ۵ˣȻˣ
ڵ߷ߵػһеľɫ԰ֽ
λ쿴
ٿأеһλɮˣһָˣһħƣһͼаֻǲ֪ǲǴ˵еİħ壡
ʲôһпİħ壿
ٿȻɫ䣬ϾôܣħʲôʱѾϣˣ⣬컯ɾħζģ
ûϵħȻѾ컯ɾһʱ䣬ָɻӿ𣬳ԺУͷ˼
һ˵ǰħ壬µһ˵ȣȫɫӣϢͣ͡
ڰħ壬ĵӣȫ˽⣬˵ھ˼ս֮밵ħ壬ȻΪС񣬱µпǰħļһµɮˣǱڵĵʿǼ𣬺޲̷ǰ̻˺ǧƬ
ߺˣٱ
ɮֳһɫľ㣬һغǳţһ߲ľ㣬죬һĽഫ˵ڲ֪䣬ͱǣơ
ǰħ壿
üз»衣
űһ˵Ŀ⣬ͷѪ꣬ɵһЦ۹һȺϣҲҵݣ
ҡҡͷѪ꣬һбһ۱µһˣţĿһתԾ۽ڰڵһɫϡ
ţһոճɫ
һɫѪ겻˫һȲطǰ׼ɫ
ȻѪ꣬ɫҲΪѣҪΪС
ɫǱзֵģҪɱ˶ᱦжȥûпܣ
ٿһӷǰʩչŷɱС
سɷ𣡡
ɮȫգɫׯϣ˸оϲĵƽһͷݵͷ
סңûôף
Ѫħ壬һƣʩչһֹطһ˶ţ̼ͻûһѪɫĶХת֮ɢʧ١
ʲôʧˣ
ģȻƾʧˣ
ɮȫȻһ׷ɢɨΧĿռ䡣
ݣ
һ̣֮ϣѪɫɿػ۳һӰȥȻۣѪħʥӡ
ã
æתһһâʱ
ͣ
âƳգƫеںħϣ˭룬ħȻˣֻͭһӡǣûаˡ
ʲô̺߳ԪĽâȻûƷ
ҽɫҰֽ
˷𷨣飡
ɮһӣ͵ؽеһ飬źħȥ䣬̺һͳȱ˰Ϣ֮аħȫһ˲ɢ


825 Ѫħ
һǰΪһ𻷣͵شԳźħϯȥ
޾俪ͨ쳹ء
ħ徲һ˱ǹӭͦ
һֱӽħƺҪħ廨š

˭룬ħ徹͵һһħĿֱֲӴӺħӿ񱩵Ԫ˲佫ɮ˵˿
žžžž
ʱһɫӣԻƳգɶһС͵ӽ֮иֳ֣ɮ˵Ĵ߶֮£һ飬ڰУڣµգƺҪһ˲䣬Ҫħѹʮ˲
ƣ
ħͺһ͵һ䣬ʱһƬȷѪ꣬Ũҵħϯ죬ֱӽʮöʴһſӡ
ۡ
ɮſһ̲Ѫɫ԰ֽһΣЩ̱ڵء
ҵ飬ð벽ʥ𣬾Ȼû˺İħ壬ڣӲˣ
ɮһĿ࣬ɫΪѿ
µͺ¿
ٿأڵһеķɮµеǰҽ飬ʱֹͣڶɱħ塣˳նɱ˰ħ壬ٹƽɫΣ
ɮд⣬ԵӦŵڵţСȻϣ֣ͬУôȻû顣
˵ţɮ˴һӣȫװɮˣʱǰħΧС
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣΢һ´ս
ʱСزˣȫеʥԳźħ˶ȥ
һڵʮˣͽħΧƳ죬ɱȻ
ȻڶݵĽֹУɮˣȫʶ˺ħĿֲ
۸սɮˣԲħĶ֣
˾ȵǣȻ֣ܹʮʥΧ˺ħ塣
ǣԶħ壬ȴţɫƽ棬ƺȫûнħϡ
۹ұ
Ŵ˷ϯİɱħЦٿȻ䣬͵һȭҶѸףֱӺڰ֮ϡ

ֻһƵıֱӱ˳ȥһ֩ѷ죬鲼ϣĿ
ۡ
ʱɮ˲ҺһһΣֱ̱ڵء
ӣı񣬱ħһȭɣܵشɮ˵ѪҲ֮Ԫɢ

ħһȭ˰ӣͣ͵һУһεʱϯɫ֮С
ɫϯŨҩħ岻ЦĻŭţ۹ɫڵõһɫҪ˶ãܹԪ磬Ϊʥߣ
󣬸Ͻɫ»һȫʬ
ɮŭ
ɫǱڷֵĹҩһħ壬ȻҲҪռΪУֱǳ룡
ȫԪĵһսɫٿȻɲգҪɫǣҵϲȹȥ
䣬ڵһˣȫ״񣬷ҲƵسźħ˶ȥ

ħһЦԪ͵ӿûһǧɵħ
𡭡
ħһһβֱӽ¡ڵһ˸Ʒ˳ȥ
ݺЦ
ЦһħһΣԷɵǰ̣Сӣõһɫѣʹ󷢴ȱ֪ҵ䡣
һ٣һı飬ħˬһЦˣӱǺųѪħĺħʥĴڣ
˻
ħѪħ
Ŀࡣ
һȻǰħʥӣѹ֣ʵ˵ĿֲȫĶ֣
ɮϢһϣһɥ¶
ͣ
ٿأºѪħġ͵һֵ£Գȥ
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣȫеһʥͼֵ
ֻϵһеĴʥȻӦѣͷ­ҲӦըһʱ䣬Ѫģһͷʬ
ɱʦֱ𣡡
ƴˣ
Ҵˣ׷ҧأҲƵسź˶ȥ
ͣͣͣͣ
Уӡ˲仮Ƴգ˱ĸ˵ͷ­


826 
գۼ䣬Ѫħͽڵһȫնɱµɮˣ׷׵һ
Ѫħֲ̫ˣδʥħʥӣ
Ǹ翹ֻ·һҿʮΪϼƣп
νɽڲûգ
µɮˣɿܿʹͳһ
ݣݣݣݣݣ
ʱɮ˵Ĵ֮£һɮˣɢԶӶݶȥ
ӣûôף
Цһ͵һƣʱ͵һһĵâ˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵Ĺֱӽɮ˵ͺͷһ̲࣡
µʥɮˣȻ޵ֵ֮ͱһɱ
Ҵɮˣ鲻ԽȫһʱȼվѪŲ·ɢӴܡ
ɱ⣬Ҫһڣ
ɨһȦɮˣԸ
ݣݣݣݣ
ʱһֱڲԶĬİħ壬׷׳𣬷ɢȫɱȥ
һµ׷ɱûзϣƺѾȲʤȯ
µİӣ
ٿأ첽˰ǰһںعӵĽӣԲӲӣ磬һͳСӵĸо
µɮˣȻһغڲѪ֮ȻҲ֮ɢ
ʥİӣʱΪ֮
ӣһıȻòţʹ͸£Ҳ
һЦһУֱӽӸ˴֮С
˰֮⣬ɢڸʬ塢ʥȫδǿһϡ
ԼĪʮʱ䣬ɢļħ壬ȫԱأص˺ǰ
ÿһħУһѪܵͷ
Ȼµɮˣûһˣ˳Ӱħ
ãɾ䣡
ǰϹϾ£ЦһУԽɫ˳һԵɺ֮£ɼһɫܹʥһٽʥ߾硣
һ٣Ŀ⣬Ͷǰħʥӡ
ʱħʥӣȫֵò
ֻҪңƬɫĻʹôħʥӣҲܹһٽʥ߾硣
ģѪħ˽СˡڣͽɫǷνһ˵õȮ죬Ҫֵ֪ѪħһĻԵˣ
ͷЦָ͵һ˺½Ƭ˺ʹȥ
˺¸м
˺񰮣ָм
ʱħĻŭţжµشӺнӹƬ꣬ƴҾ

ٿأеһľӣҵһ̶ĳӿС
ţħƳӳܵٻ
һֱӽľӸ˿ȥһСӳ棬ƴزš
ҸһҵĲܵܣжԶ
һһʱӳڣ˫ƺڤڤиʲô
ٿأ͵˫һĿ֮ɫʲôҵܺӲֻвһ
תͷԳϷʿȥû뵽һĸܣȻ硣һΪî˾ҪºպսԽء
ת֮䣬һīĹӰԳźӶ
ףΪʲôֻħƳ棿
Ȼһ͵ʧǰ

һħƳĺУһ̶һӿ˺Ժ֮С
̼䣬ȫһɫ˲һĨ֮ɫӿͷ
ʲôܲˣ
͵صһ˫ͫһƬնҡ

˭ҵܣҺ˵ʲôҪǧУ
״񣬷ҲƵ
ħƳ߶£æе飬һһʮظ֪
ɳХɱ
֮
һɽ֮䣬֮ϣĸ֮ɫŽ塭ҺھѪģǲܽɱܱѩޣҪΪţ

ҵشԼţɱϯ񱩵Ԫɢֱӽɽ۸ʯ
ˣеİ׹أ
ٿأʲôȻ̧ͷ

ʱħƳΡΡطǰںĽŵףһ˺Ժ֮С
ʲô׹Ҳˣ
ױŭ


827 ̰
һ壬ڰħ֮һĺ壬λͬĹеĵλȺʮֳȺ
˷ħʥӣǱ컯ɾͷħʥӣǺϵֵܡ
ֵܣպֳֵܲףħսĥǰʮĴڡ
УӲĩҲ߾ӵʮλֳȫǰʮĴڡ
ӲΪȻȴĸʾþ£ԣ˷컯ɾ֮УûλֳһСӣǶԴȪʼħڵʥӣ컯ɾ֮С
컯ɾںӲ˵һǧѷĻԵҲ֤Լľûᣡ
˷컯ɾӲҪȡԵºպս̶÷ķͣԽλֳ
˭룬ϣӲȻŽ壬̶ұС
õ֪جĵֳ̼ҡ
Ҫ֪ΪӲʵԽԣа۽յİ׹˺Ӳ
֮⣬ʥħƳ
˵ʥ쾳ħƳΪս裬һö벽İ׹֣ѰʥȫǺӲĶ֡
иΪǰĺҪսʤӲҲ̫ס
ûϵհ׹ĺӲȻа벽ԪŽɱˡ
ڣ벽İ׹Ҳⶪʧˡ
һجģ
׹˰벽¹ش󣬾ȻҲҶʧˡһǺֵܣһͷ
ҧгݣ΢΢˫ħƳ
ٿأϢһϣԼĶ䣬ʲô߰׹ˣһ𻢵Ľڽʥӣ
ϧҪɱ𻢣ذ׹ǳѡƬޱ޼ʵ컯ɾ֮Уƴһ㡣
̾п

˵Ҫ¶ذ׹ħƳʱֽͬʱһɿشԺ֮С
ʲôڽһ˵ڣӳ棿ܹӦڽһ˵λã
Ǹײ´½˫Ź⡣
ԭħƳһЩӳڽһڣӳ棬ħƳѪͨȻǧҲܹӦλá
ԣҪѩޣӽһ˵¶ذ׹ôħƳȫΪ򵼣·
Ϣҵĺ˷ܵ㵸Ļŭţ
ɵúãħƳ棡
һЦֻҪܹ·ҵȡ׹֣ôҾǽ׷𡣡
ħƳΪӲ棬ûƵػӲش󣬺ȫʹɱ֣ħƳӲᡣ

һ˵׷ħƳʱܵ·衣
ˣ
ٿأͺһ
ৣৣৣৣ
ʱͦǹħʥӣˢˢվ˺ǰһɫϾĿ
ӽҪɫҩȡȫԪ磡ҵҪǽڽ̵Ľ𻢣Ƿӵͷۣ



ʱħʥӷ׷Ӧŵо塣

ת۰֮
̳ɽΧԼĪ߰ʮɽ֮Уһ޷ɽ䣬ľд䣬ɽʯᾣһɱȫţ޾ɫЯųҵ˳ɢֲ
ɽ֮ϣĽ׻ȳ棬ſұϣʳɿزţһĦ糱
ԶȥɽǶһƬͬһɽ
֮С
һȭͷСҹɢӨӨΣټĶҫͬ硣
ڽеƣȫָȬˣ⣬֮ԭտҲҲóӯ񱩣ʱܹԪ硣
˵״̬ǰδеĺã
͵˽յ˫³һаٻʢ
վڶ֮ߣϷҹֵˣȫ˫գ鵤ҩ޾ˣڻָԪǱΨһˣһõĹ飬ר־жĦš
˵Ȿ飬ǡ
ϴ󡣡
׵ǰ˴֣һЦѾָԪܲܽն롶ϵɳסͳմմ⣿
żеĳĿ⣬΢΢һЦ˵ͷȻԡ
һУֱӽն˳˼񣬡ⱾնȡնСˣϵɳס١̰õĵ׸
˫нؿʼ
æն֮УϲЦտ
˫֮УȻЩź֮飬ϴɴཫϵɳסҲͳգò˶ãֵ֡֡ˣҲ½أʱ򣬿϶Ҳõϵɳס


828 С
׵һ̰ãֱӶϾ˼ڡϵɳס롣ȻЩģ½֡Ϸҹֵ̧ܸ˳ϣܹ˳ش׵еõϵɳסĽȨ
ϧ׸һס
޷жĦչ÷ֳһ־жϵɳסϣܹ򡣡
׵˵ڷ֣֡֡ǳ֮Ҫġϵɳסаš
񲻽Ϣһϣ߷߲ѵضףϴղŲǽ̵ҲҪ̰ôΪʲôȴҪͬʱ롶ϵɳסɼҷˣ
żŨĲ֮ɫһƣζ֣ҪǲĵĻҲԣھͽ͸㣬ֻҪб
˵ţԽõĹ飬ݸ˼
ϢһϣʱεͷڨڨЦֻǿЦģҾҵʣרնá
˵ţһ̵طɱȥת֮䣬׵ǰʧ١
Ǵ˵еˣҲδܹɹ
֮⣬ʥӣҲ޷
׽תø񣬶ڼ˵ҲǺôȻҳн
ĶӵļײҡͷһЦ
ļ£֡Ϸҹˣ½ػָȬڵԪҲóӯɱ졣
Ϸʼȫоڷ֡
֡ҹˣжĦšۡնɼҷ
˶ҹȫͷ֮⣬뼧ż
ǺеġϵɳסдĦ£ͽ˶ҹĦԼǽеľȫͶ뵽ˡⲿɾ֮С
ʱָۣ֮䣬īչأѾȥ˾Ÿ¡
һգ֮УֳһǽǳڲԾԱɱټǳһɱȻĽ
ͣͣͣͣ
һĽâɱȻȻ컯ɾ֮еĿռȶԣҪ߳򱶣ǣʩչĽâȻƳ죬ÿռը죬𵴣һʯ죡
һ׽ʩչϣƺռ䶼Ҫ鿪Ȼѡ
ಣ
ٿأֽŲһ٣ͣ˶֮ϣ¶һĨϲ֮ɫĴĦ˳նĵһ塣ѧˡնʵ˳ĽȻֲԶǣѰҪսʤңǧѣ
һˣֲЦ
ͬʱһУϷϥ˫ƽ̯ȫһƬϻ֮УƴĻ
ڷէ콵֣
ٿأϷʩչһȫµɼҷ

ʱһؽָ״Сϻҵȼīĺڶ˲䳯˷ӵżǿĸʴͬʱƽէ𣬴̳죬ɳʯ䣬ҡҡ׹
׹˵֮Уˣѡ˷ϯУ˵ĸ඼Ҫ鸯ʴ

ſֲĺڷ磬Ϸص˵ͷٿأ͵صָһӣָ״Сϻ𣬺ڵһһеɽڸҳһ˶Ŀǰᴩɽ嶼
ৡ
ʱ֡ҹ֡׵ˣȫӵϷǰһϲ
֣ѧˡڷ֡
ʵ
еľ֮ɫϷһЦذͷλֵܡѾѧˡڷ֡ĵһ壬ʩչָ״С𣬾Ѿɽʯɣرɫ
˵ҵսȻһɳ죬ѰʥܹᲢ۵ġϷһ˵ţһЦеŷ֡ҹˡ
֡ҹׯƸߵˣһĿ࣬־ϲ
ղǿֲĶȻֻһָ״Сģ
ϷȫͷųһƬ𺣣£ضҪΪ֮ɫ䣬ѽή٣֮䣬һƬͿ̿
ߣ֡
ܵϷҫƣ͵һеĹǽ˵Ҳ˳ˡնһ壬ʵҪдһʱ㡣
Ϸüͷһٺ٣д⡣ߣͳȥúñȶһ
֣ҲĦˡնĵһ壿
ؿ֣ΪεҡͷпһΪֻһˣ˳Ħˡնӣˡ
һ٣񵱼һһʥ˳ߣһȥúд轻һ


829 ɳ
š
ٿأʱȣǻץʱ䣬ãǿʤֻƽ˷ʱ䡣⣬дȶǶĿ¶ǵĲ֮
ԭ˭Ҳ˭Ϸ֡ˣһй׷׸ԡ
ϷΪޣδȫʩչڷ֡еҪأϧײͬ⣬Ϸֻѹ궯
ۿϷΪƣ΢΢һЦ޵֣ȫʩչڷ֡׾پܷأһǳδʵǱ
һ׵ĿޣϷʱüЦȫҪһ仨ʱڨڨͷʵҲŸոڷ֡һСְ壬Ҫ͸Զ
δ䣬ҹ㵵صɴţۣӴʲôʱҲǫѷˣ
ĸҲֻǰԵñȽǫѡ
ַ߷ߵƲƲ죬Ȥǣһ߸ϵǷģ
ڷ֡ȻСгɾͣϴһȣ͸ֵһˡһط걬ڷ֡
ֱָҪ˵ϷɫǺ죬촽˰죬Ҳ˵
˺ȻЦ
Ƭ̺ѹѹ֣Ŀ⾶Ͷҹˡڷ֡һ壬֣Ҳˡնһ壬ʵĸοˣ֣Ľչô
ҹɫʱÿɬ
ҿջٵˡ
ҹ̾ǡնǡϵɳסȫûʲôڣȫ˼Ƿˡ֮ۡϣ
ʲôһûɣ
һȵŶҹ
˵ҹ˻ĹŶټҵʥӣ츳ǣһһɼҷûɹ˾Щ㵡
ֻۡһȻǾԺܴƽȳŴĦһΪá
ϷȰ˵
ҹɫʱøӿɬˡ
֡
Ŷҹͷɥģ׵һЦһУһӸ˳ʱһɰϯһɫߣ㿴ʲô
ৡ
ʱϷҹֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽еĲϣܵƣȻһ
ִӲͳһСɳӨ͸ϵߣ̺һɫΪ㡣
˵һ
⡭һöɳ
ҹȫסزеɳ˫Ź⣬ʱִ׵УɳУƺͯİߣͣĦš
֣ѧˡϵɳס
һüͷ
Цŵ˵ͷҲֻжµġϵɳסƳɳƷʲߣʥӣľв͵ؽǧöɳӳȥ⧲֮£ʥҲмļ䡣
Ϸ֡ˣȫ־ϲ
ˣķµʱ䣬ƳˡϵɳסҺķ˽ʱⱾϵɳסϣȴǺ޽չ
ҹ̾о˱ˡ
ϴ󡣡
һյ׵ǰִӲ֮ץһɳʮöɳ͸Ұգ㶮ƣҪپҪ١
һһƽеɳ˻˭˵ҶƣܹԴԴϵɳ
Ҫ֪ɳҪɼǳԪлƳɹ
һһʮɳȫҽڲһɷħףռѾƳɹģǽɳ꣬ûˡ
˵ûǳԪΪʲôҲܹɳԭռɷħס
ҹȻص˵ͷɷħףħħɷһħףǳԪ
ҹһͣ˾éٿ
ÿöɳϡϵɳסúø򡣡
׸Ϸ֡ˣַöɳóɳ͸ƸׯˣʵԽɳҲǶһ˿Ա֮
ˮӣ־ϲ⡭ⲻ̫ðɡ
ֺСӸм
ָֺм
ׯƸߣƴǣЦеشнӹɳл
׵ȻһЦ˵ͷ
֡
ٿأ׵Ŀת˶ҹʮöɳ͸㣬ΪƷŶ㴧ĦϵɳסӦŷǳİ


830 ǧѩ
ҹʱ˫Ź⡣
ûϵһ֣ͽʮöɳʹ
ʮöɳڶҹĦϵɳסĪ档
л֡
ҹʮöɳһʱϲЦտ
Ϸ֡ˣۿʹ͸ҹʮöɳЩĽҲܹܡ
Ͼҹ޽չֵУΪֵ֮䣬Ҫ໥Я໥֡
֡
׿񣬵Ҫ¯Խǳá
񵱼ظĵ죬С˼
˵ţһǳٻ˳˶ҹ
ҹ˱ȭ
ˣɢ˰ɡ
׻˻֡
ʱ֡Ϸҹһ˵ȣɢ
ʱۣת۾īչأѾһʱ⡣
𡭡
һգɽ֮Уһ𵴣ɽʯѡԲĵУɢްӡ
֮С
ס֡Ϸҹˣ͵˫һݡ
īˣ
һѾˣ
֡Ϸҹˣڵһʱ䣬Ӷ֮зӶ
УһϮֶۣĿ⾶ͶԶ̳ɽȡ
ɳɣ̳ɽشī밺Ȼȫ£īɫâԣ龳ĿֲƣҲƵϯ˸εѣ
ߣȥƣ
͵شһӡ
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱϷҹֵˣɣɽ֮С
ǰ
ǰһֵܣǰҾ
СһǣһС
īư磬ɨ׵һۣʱ˾ǸεѣϢͣ͡
龳ޣһ񣬾ѰʥӺѣѪͣ͡
ǲ࣡
ǰ״̬Σ
΢΢һЦ
īȻͷҵƣȻûȫָҲָ߰˰ˡţ˪״̬֮¡գī뱨ѩ֮գҪīѪծѪ
΢΢ͷ
Сӣ㻹ǵһ֮ǰԼô
īĿؿס
׵˵ͷȻǵá
˵ţһǹٻ˳磬ԡ
ھȥ˪ɽ֮У
ϣ֮ϣ¶һĨϾ֮ɫ
֡
֡
֡ϷҹˣȫһŵףĿ¶ǡ
Ȼ˵һıչǱޣڳһʥӣǷɱ䣬ǣ龳ı˪һεĴڡ
óȻţֻƽ
뵣ǣʩչΣյġ
װ˰֣ĿͶ񣬡֣鷳ֵԶԶ㿪һ˪ɱɽȣܲ
ؼʱ̣һƽƤЦģȵˣȫߣ󡣡
˵ţһȵշ
֡Ϸҹˣ΢ԥǰ̾һڿն
ݣݣݣݣ
ڼ֮£һ˵ȣɣƬ̣ԶԶݿ֮İС
ȥҲ
ʩչӡӰһΣƾʧ١
ণ
һɫĹӰԣȻǵȡ
һʱڣȺ̳˽ʮöʥľˣ״̬ѣӵʥ߰ʵеػԣ÷֡ϷˣҲĲ١

Х絶
ӰӣһѩɽΧڣ͸ܵһ̹ǵ磬
Ž壬ǿһ纮Ϊ塣
ѩɽе¶ȣԽԽˡ
ҡͷп֪ı˪ʲô״̬
һˣ׵ӿ˽Ų
ԼĪһյĹ֮һѩɽۣԶԶȥȻһ˫ı˪ſɽ֮ϣѪڣ˯š
ÿһӱǿĺͶɱ׶ɽ۵ıּӺһ㡣
Ϣ
ն̧еıǹתԪ
Хű˪ϯȳϢһ׾ͳɹϢʼԶݡ
ݣݣ
ܿ죬׾ƾʧ١շתӣص̳ɽ֮С
Сӣ춯ְաīȻͷشߴ
΢΢һЦǰͲһ±˪״̬
ȫûбҪ
īһǿһ˪ȫΪ⡣ƺ۱˪ӵŶôֲʵܹ׽նɱ
ãȻˣұ㶯ˣ
һЦȫתԪ
ͬʱû˲ǣԶеѩ֮ϣ˪һ˯ˣ˫Сػһ˪ѩ


831 ˪
絶ѩ׷ɣƳëȥǧ⣬ѩƮ
ѩɽۣ֮һ龳ı˪ɽۣ˫ض˫֮еһɽѩ
һǧѩ
ǰ˪ֻһͷʱһλԵɺϣѩСؽֲѩɽۣ֮ҹǻգǧѩǧŻӡ
˪ھһīս֮شԪľѾȥһʱ䣬˪ƣŻָĳɡ
ǧѩѾҪ죬ֻ轫̷Ҫ˶ãܹ׻ָƣڣлٳ߸ͷһһС硣
ëѩȻ䣬Өѩ֮ϣɢһ貱⣬ԼĪСĻſÿһƬҶӨ͸⻪ƣˮ
ȥؿҶİ֮£ָ״СӣԲӲӣ飬˰֡
ŨҩƢ
˪˶˲гһߣһգգضǰѩ
ٿأһһɰӱ˪ıǻ֮ϯָ֮䣬ŻٵѩͻΪһƾӿ˱˪Ŀڱ֮С
𡭡
δı˪˾֮˲þȣ
ǧѩ˱˪ǧѩûɵڱ˪˵Ĵҩԣһӿ˪ڣͷɿ޸ƣñ˪о׹ɾأȫůúòڡ
ָ״СӣƯڰУڣɢһ龳޶Կܵҩ㡣
˪촽͵ͷӾȥ
ֻҪУԱ˪ƣָȬڣһС磬Ҳǲܡ
ͬʱ̳ɽ֮УͦǹȫԪڣ糱޾Ľɫԣ׵ȫϯһĽɫսƳ죬ױȡ
׽˫˫΢΢ڵĽɫѪҺطӿеıǹ֮С
ǡ
ǹĹңһ죬ڣڰ£γ¡
֧ɫĹ΢΢ţЯſֲʥƴ
￪ĵط֡Ϸҹˣȭͷ˫ֺʮĬĬš

ٿأױһָһɡ
ˣ

໣
ণ
ʱɫʸЯŰѪ͵ɲǼ䣬û׻ȸֻ
ͷ񣬸Ƴ죬һһΣɢصİƣƺһܹ֮Сɾȫ顣
ֲƣһԵī붼΢΢ɫ䡣￪ĵط֡Ϸҹˣȫһɫ䡣
ȻϷˣȫܹܵһİƣұܵΪ֮һͷ乶䡣
顭
ռӦѣһռɢ׵ؾͽһɽĲƬ
׵Ĵ߶֮£ͷһ죬צƺܹժ£ǳ˳ҵĿУͷͷԶѩɽ֮۵ı˪ٶ֮죬Ƶʯ
𡭡
ѩɽۣ֮˪׼̳ӣ͵Ȼһܵһİƣʱ̧ͷӿһˮͰϸı
䡭
޴ıһӱ˪ĿӦѣֻı׶ӿ糱ԽͷΧ
顭
̼䣬ռ䱬ҡػΣĩա
ԸֵܹһЧ
üۣ΢΢
ŵؽˮ˫Ҵ
ߣڽһľѪһܹ״ݻٵģ
üͷĮһЦأԾҵš
ܿ죬ɽɫѪ۶ɵͷ񣬱س׶Ŀը͵⧲ı˪
䡭
ǧɵ
İ׻
ͨԡȸ
Ӻص䡣
޵Ŀֲһ˲䣬ӿ糱
𡭡
ǧһ֮ʣ˪˫ҲƵͬʱķ׭ڶ𣬼һǧߵı硣
ǧߵıУȺɽӣÿһɽ׸ߣ׳ɽ徧Ө͸ȫɱûɡ
Ⱥɽݺύγһ
һɾı˪֮֮Уڶ
ʱһعϵϢ֮ǧǰһֹϲɣبžԶĸоЯŰ֮͵ͷ׺ݵسײһ𣬺ƻײ޾˳ϯҡػΣɫ䡣
ʲô˪Ȼ֮
Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
￪ķ֡ϷҹˣҲզпҽ
Ψī룬գɫž޲


832 
顭
һȵЯʥ͵س˱˪֮Уоҵףڵһ㣬ϵ֮һççԲԵѩӦըѿÿռ𵴣˻磬ƺҪΪ֮Ϊ촷ۡ
𡭡
Ϊɱİ׻һͷĹޣһ˪֮Уһ·ֱײ׸ߵıɽѩ壬ڰ׻ǰƶһ㣬Ӧѿ
ণ
ţȫԡȸƳ죬˪͵УȻھı˪֮ȫ޼ɵͷһԷҡ˫һӿ糱Ļ˻𺣣ʱƬȼ
˪ΪȸĴڣӲرһƬ𺣡һççԲԵѩ壬ڳҵĻ֮УѸڻγһӣڲϢ
໡
Ӻص䣬ɽЯһɹصϢ͵ѹƶ룬ֺʯ̼䣬ͽϯı˪֮ѹöá
գ֮䣬ͷչͨ÷ƶɽХΪ֮ɫ䡣
ĵһĻ֡ϷҹУɵþ鼤
ΪŽ壬ˡ֮Ѫʢ״̬ؿѹʥҾǳΪʥֽ֣
զп
ֵľȻ˪򶼽һ㣬˴۽硣
ϷͷЦ
̳ɽ֮УնžҵţԶյʮϾ
չʱ̣ҵӦˣ
˵׵ľȻ˪ķǳ鷳һ˪
֪ȼһ뾫Ѫľܹ龳ı˪ȥ鷳
װ˼⡣
׵ʵ͵ϮҪش˪Ҳǲ̫ܵġϾ龳ı˪˺ü󾳽磬֮ڱ˪ǰ׾µϣȫֵһᡣ
Ȼڱ˪֮УһƹϵϢӱ˪ϯ̼䣬һֹϡصĸоӿ顣
ˣ
ٿһһ񣬱ţ޴ı͵صڵأһķѡ
𡭡
׻Ⱥɽֱ֮ײ˭룬ռ͵һŤΣһռѷӲؽ׻ɱѪ
ণ
ͨԡȸǱ˪Ŀǣ֮˪֮׷ɢȸһ壬׼ǧĻʱһεɱ͵תһвһ㣬ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ䣬ȼ˽뾫ѪͷŶͱ׾ٵػˡ
Ψһͷδ
Ϊ龳ı˪ȻƵؿ
Ϸɫ䣬ڱ˪ʵе𾪡
˵׵Ƴ죬⧲֮£ɱԪ߰쾳ʥ
˭룬ڱ˪ǰֵһᡣ
ǵ蹵һӴ࣡
Ŀģɱ˪ֻǵҪ˪ɽ֮аˡ
ǳɹ˱˪ע⡣
ã˪ֲ̫ˣ
񣬱
ͫ׽׻ȸһ˲䣬
໡
׵Ĵ߶֮£һöڵһ㼴ȼ͵رը
̼䣬޾ʥϯֲٿǳͬʱըѣ˪𵴵þҡΡ
񣬱˪ƤΪ⣬ٿһ˪еֱ֮ӽ˷ӿ糱
գۼ䣬ɴܵɢʧ١

һЩ֮ϯѩɽ֮ۡ
飡
ɲɣڱ˪ǰöӣһУеöӦѣΪһɿɢ
𡭡
öӣ˪״񣬷ŭвϵű˫һ쫷磬һʱ䣬±ɫҡػΡ
öӣǧѩľ˪꣬͵ѩ죬̷ܹӣ硣
˭룬ܹöӣȻֱöñ˪ζܣ޲Ҫأ̤ƽǧܹƽϢŭ
ݣݣ
˪һöӵʱ뱦֮Уͬʱ˪ҡ죬Ŀ⾶ԳԶɽȥ
ֱֳǹףԼȻվԵīʱ˪ʱ죬˫Գɽɱ
һɿֲϯ£÷ݰ޿񱼣Ϊ֮ɽʯΪ֮ѡ
У˪˪ɺѪһɹɱϯ죬ƺҪ˶ɣйͷ֮ޣ


833 ֮
˵ʱʱ죬ǧľ룬ڱ˪ǰָһ˲̧ͷԶգХ̹ǧɵı˪һյƶ䣬͵һ˫ͻΪһ⣬̳ɽϿա
֮ĵطϷҹֵˣȫȻһ
ã˪ɱˣϿΣ
ŻذĿֲѹɫȻһ䣬ϢΡ
ϷҹˣҲ׷Σҵ
˪ڣָӣǺã
Ϸϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҹ֡ˣȫȻһһҽΪһѺ
ɽϿգ˪Ӷ˫һɽİƣϯ£˫͵һ񣬿ֲ쫷ʱƽض𣬴ɳʯľۡȺɽΪ֮ҡΣӦѡ
ͦǹȫ죬ػȫĵȣϢΪ֮һϣ˵壬˲̶֮Уȫá
龳޵ѹԽѰʥѹÿѪҿӵŽ壬Ѫʢܹ֧ţҪתԪӴܣǲ̫ܵ顣
ণ
ƴţĿҧ׵½ǣҪ׸ߡϧеŬȫͽ͡
ʥ߰ľΪڱ˪İѹ֮£ҲǿܹжѣҪˣڳΡ
ǰ
ǧһ֮ʣױһк
ˡ
ī⣬͵ͷųһɳƣͬʱһԽһīɫıٻ˳Сӣ𷴿ҽ뱦磡
˵ţһīڤıƾճ֣޾ϯֱӽ뵶ȸС
顭
߿У˪ſѪڣ³һˮͰϸıÿһˮ״ϸһΣӦѣֻı׶̼䣬ͽɽȸС
ҿ뵶ȼʱī˱УĻһܲǧ׶һغ
У뵶Ⱦδ֮󣬷ƽ飬עͶ硣
Ըīǰܹ˳ɱ˪
ȭͷ
뵶ȣīı֮Уīһϵƣī벻ô뵶ȣҲֻ·һ
ԣīܹʤ
𡭡
ٿأīɽӴڵһ㣬Գű˪ײȥ
ֻ䡭һȫīɫۼ׵ī룬Խǧɵı˪ײ˳ȥ
Ӵı˪һߵķݣˤ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ȷѪꡣ
ɵúã
˷ܵػһȭͷ
￪ĵط֡ϷҹˣҲϲЦտ˫Ź⡣
쿴īһͽ˪ײˣī״̬ȷҪȱ˪ʤһ
ϷƶЦ
īǰ̳ǧö鵤ҩڵҲѾָ߰˰ˣ۱˪ָɹҲʮģ
ҹɵط
໡
ٿأīһ֮󣬽̤ƣЯŻصİƣڵһһŲ̤ڱ˪֮ϣһ˪ĹǺӦѣһ˺ü£δܷ

ǧǰʥ𲻶Ͻճɹ̤龳磬īսƽֵı˪īѹǧѪҲƵطһɿ񱩵ս⣬ϯ죬޲̽˪̻һ档
ڷս֮£īڵԪƾһ㣬ҵӿȫī׵״˱˪ΪײУΪѪȵⲫ
໡
īİ繥ƣ˪ͣ״תԪƴֵ
ñ˪üͷϵǣīһһƴļƣҪ˪һ
ռ𵴣˻ؾҡΣΪ֮ɫ
ҿ컯ɾ֮Уռ쳣ȶĻ˪īĶս׾ܹǧٿǳ⺣ХС硣

ʯ֮䣬˪͵һβƸֱһβ̺ſ񱩵ƣֱӽī˳ȥһƬƬСīӦ䣬Ѫ졣
ã
Ȼһüͷһ塣
໡
ī뷭ǧɣһԾٶȰȻͦ͵ش߶ͷ֮ϵǣ׼ͷһ
ʱһɰϯԲɵĿռӦ𵴣һռ䲨ƺһ㵴ã
ͷŶĿֲƣ˪΢΢˫ͫʱ˱˪򣬽޾ı˪֮һγһ޴Ȩ
ȻǱ˪һĴط֮


834 Ʊ
޴Ȩɸߣͨ徧Ө񣬹⻪תȨĶˣһͷ׶񣬿кһö飬ı˪֮ϯֱ죬ȥһֹϡءͳĸо
ȨŽ˪Ծ̬뱳˫ı˪ܴ󣬵ĹŴ˵жϵʼ桰Ӧ߰˷
׸ѯʣܹжȨ֮ϵĹǻĹŵĵһ˪ǴӼ֮صı֮ĸߵ壡
˸оǱ˪ʼ棡񣬱˪Ȩٻ˳һ׼һˣ
һ
ī츳ǡΪ츳ѷīı˪ȻҲ츳츳ǡȨȡ
ͬʱ￪ĵطţ֡ϷҹˣһϢڵأ۾ضԶ˲ϢսڿȨȵһ˲䣬ǵһ𵴡
ģҿʲôǴ˵еġȨȡ
ڽϷǿ˴䱦ӶҪ˳
Ȩȣ
ҹ־һϷ
Ȼҹ֣ȫڻĹңĶٵĹżǣڱȨȣҲδš
ܵ֡ҹеľ֮ɫϷһЦڽɽһڻϵϵЩϵ˵ΪоһΣܹ˪˵ڱ˪һУЩٮٮߣܹõ˪ĶٻһȨȨϵƣǱ˪ʼ桪Ĺʱڼ֮ر֮ĵһ˪
ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣĿࡣ
ûϵ˪ٻȨȣȻű˪һʼ棡
ɱ˪ȨȣǡȨȡӵſֲı˪֮˵ı˪ܹ֮ǧ飬б֮
ϷһϾ֮ɫ
δ䣬֡ҹˣȫզпΪ֮ٿԶսĵΪī밵һѺ
ԸīǰǣܹѹȨһͷ
ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ľëϵգţֺʮаš
īͬһϵƣīôҲһ
ǼϷֵˣȫϣ״Σ
䡭
¡¡¡¡
̳ɽϿգīɫϾȫԪĵЯ޾ϯͷ֮ϣһԣɢ޾ĺ⣬ȫ£ī֮Уڤħ
ڱ˪ǲػӶ˫ǰһȨȣһı˪֮ϯޣ΢̻ᱻһһҪΪ촷ۡ
˫ƾսһ
ԼĪһյ֮УϢգڱһˡ
𡭡
īͷϵ͵ػΪһڹ⣬ű˪ȥ
ಡ
УƾճһϸСѷ죬ϸ΢񣬺һ졣
˪о裬ī뷢Ƶͬһʱ䣬ȫ߶Ԫ̺ű֮Ȩȸͷ˳ȥ
䡭
ɸߵȨȣ͵س򣬽һɶءǧı֮ϯԳīӿ
ˣһ˲䣬ҽϢΪ֮һϡ
Ȼһ̣ԤлײһĻûڳ֡
īǡ
˪ıȨȡ
̺ī˪ıԪƥһͬһʱӭͷײһӵһͿ֮ϣһ̶ı
顭
һ̣˾һĻˡ
īǣƸת׻һ㣬һİתţ˱Ȩ֮УӨıȨȣȻǵķ궯£ӦѿԽԽγһ
Ʊˣ
׾ϲĪīıУ˷ܵ㵸
ͬʱ￪ķ֡ϷҹˣҲһзŹ⣬ҧ

Ȩ֮ϣһ˶Ŀ¶Ǻһ׻ܿƵıȨ֮УɸߵıȨȣǵ룬ʱҲƵعѿһѺۣӿ˿ôĿġ
޾ı˪֮ȫ޷ֹǵ롣
ǧһ֮ʣڱ˪Ĵ߶£ڱȨȵһƱ֮Գϯȥ


835 ڤâ
࣡
Ƶˮ̶Ȩеһ˿֮˲佫תǸסˡ
ųƱǧı֮һ̣չ
Ϊͻأģԭתǣǧ֮һָ˲䣬ͳʯǱμǡеӸ˶ȫûл壬ֱӴԱļ״̬˲ͣ͡
ָһ˲䡣
𡭡
ȫܿƵǣīʱֵ̿ƴعҪ߶ǣȨȵķӡ
顭
ͬʱԪڣɽī룬ΪһöīڵԻƳգű˪ײȥһѪڣϵһɹ糱̼䣬꣬ƬضΪ֮ҡ
ϧЧ΢
װľ
ڱȨȵһ˿֮ȻƵؽǸӡˣ龳ī붼ѣ
һĻϷҹֵˣȫզࡣ
ãǲӡīǰʧȥǿؼ
Ϸ˫һ
Ϊ֮Ȼֻһ˿һƣҲܹ׷ӡīǣ
һľȫ˪ٻıȨȣˡ
໡
˳ӡǣ˪ԵΪܣ˫͵һ񣬵ʱҡֱϾɢű֮磬ƾ˷ӿһ˲䱻ⶳᡣ
ī״񣬳߿һ·ֱײҪ̵ʱڣ˪Ͼɱ
սһʼīռϷ磬ƾǿǣһýⲫ˪ȥ
ûϵīΪȲʤȯ׼ʩչǡһɱ˪ʱ̣˪ٻ˱Ȩȡ
ǱȨУɢһƱ֮ȫѹīǿһ
໣
ƴȫȻûܽǴӱȨѳīԵЩ꣬ͺһȫīɫۼ׷׷׵𣬴ӱϯ޾ħӿ糱Ѹ͵īʮë֮Уīǵõĳִ߻ԪڣһûһĵâԻƳգű˪ȥ
ֻѸĵâڵʯ֮䣬͵ֱ̼죬·ȲҪѪ
ɵâһУǱ˪ҲҪһϣԪɢ
Уȫ˫Ϊ֮һʲôīǰȻȼ˱лǧڤħ˵ûһڤâ
ڤâīһطҪռ޾ڤħʹԼȫµÿһϸȫڤɱ֮
ûĵâΪڤâ˵ɱ¾Ϣĵâһ񾪣
𡭡
ųī룬߿еı˪ʱȻһҵȫ߶Ȩȣ顭ӴıȨЯƣԳīѹ¡
ռ·һ˲Ϊ̣֮ɳΪϸС׷ش䣬һ
ı֮УһڤâƲ񷣬׺ݵѷܲıȨ֮ϣ
¡¡
ʱһ춯ءʯıϯƺСɾҪΪ֮ѣ¶ҪΪ֮䡣
ৡ
￪ĵط֡Ϸҹˣȫ͵߬ȭͷᵽɤۡ
˲Ϣսǣģÿһÿһ룬ַɾ׹ľ޴У
īܷһŤתս֣õһλᣡ
û˸գ۾µָһ˲䣬һĻ
ɢ䣬է֮һƬ

ٿأīڤâ͵ɢָһͷɽī룬Ӹ߿ֱ׹£һֻߵķݣص׹ڵء
ȥؿīı֮ϣ˺ѳһ޴ѪʮɣɺѪȪһ㣬˷ӿ
һȫīɫۼ׵ī룬ͱȫѪ죬Ϣ١
ã
У״ʧɫΪ֮ΪīıУܹظܵīȻɢ˴룬Ϣƣ̬ԣս
Σ
Զ￪ĵط
⣬īȼվѪһڤâûܻȨȣӣīĴʮΣ
͵߬ȭͷ
ϷҹֵˣҲһ
һīһغô׿϶ҲҪܵǣīᣡ
һجģ
໡
˾Ŵ֮ʣ߿еı˪͵ظ£߶űȨȣԳī봷
ƺҪһ˲䣬īһ


836 һﾪ
ء
īشϢ٣һıʱȻһӲԳһԶȥ
һ죬ӴıȨȣЯϢı˪֮ƴǣ׺ݵسײڵ֮ϣѵɽʯ췭ɣȵ棬Ȼ˪֮һӲı顣
ı׹СĽָ״СͬʯεΪ׳ۡ
īⲨȻ֮յرܿҪȻ˪֮۶ɵı׶УĿĵѪмơ
໡
īҺһæתԪ޸ơ
񱩵Ԫڶת֮䣬īѪۿӵٶȣɿϡʱ䣬īͳ׻ָƣ֧վ
ΥѪӿīɲԸԷ
ǡ
ȥһ͵ӡɽ˲ɣɽȵشȨȵ룬ԣһɹɾ񱩵ı˪֮ϯ
ʱԱȨΪģһ˪˷ӿƬ֮䣬ƬɽȾͱһȣХ絶ƽεƤۡ
ɽشһɸߵĹһ۵ķذҲû⣬ȫıڸǡ
໣
űĹذī״񣬷ҲƵسɽشӶȥ
ΪػޣĹأīǧ꣬ҲԸĹ
𡭡
һ֣˪죬ٶȴ߶Ȩȣ͵ش棬ֻһԱȨΪģиڱ֮еɽȣȫӦѿ
ȥԭۼһ磬̼֧顣

޴ĹһˤľӣΪ
¡ķذɢ
̼䣬īǧĹأΪ˪İһɢ
໡
ī٣żǧĹأǰӦѣ鲻Խزһ˫ͫף˲䰵޹⣬޾ľ֮飬ĵȻ
УϥһһڵأĿǰһĻ
֪ĹضīҪԣԶʤΪ˼ĹīĸԸؼǧ꣬ȴ̵ر˿Ϊ̻Ӱ
ãĹ飬ī˵һĴīһ겻˲ϢսУɥ
һ
ͬʱ￪ĵطϷҹֵˣҲɴţۣʶ̬ԡ
쿴īǧĹأȻһ˲ɻˣ
־
ˣĹضīҪԣԱĹػīҪʧȥս᳹Ϊһߵ
ϷؽҧʱֵĴΣˣ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһ׷˫ֺʮ
ν⸣֮У֮Ըһˣ⿪īĽᣬҲΪ˶еʿһԼƿԼУνҲ죬ţ״Ľī룬ӵĿֲ
ҹһƽ˵
Դī֮ǰ˪սƽоΪ裬ҳﻮһ֮սѾöҹܵīʵҲΪǿʤҪ֤Լġ
Ĺءذ飬ī˵δؾͲһ
ս˲Ϣ䣬һī뾿ܷһδ֪
˺˼֮ʣХɽ֮Уīһ֫ڵأԭĹذľ޿ӣһ˫ɭ֮ͫУӿȪľӨ顣
ɽī룬ȫ޾ı֮飬ɢ˵
ǰ
еףȪӿī룬촽˼ΣҪԿοϧߣʲô˵
ǧļأһһʹԲܹοġ
𡭡
˪˫һ͵һšһβ˦˹
һɥеīûзֱӱ˳ǧԶ
˪βĵӲۼףīѪ⣬һһǵ˿ڣʱӡѪ죬Ŀġ
ī̱ڵأǺ޷ӦնɥȻһ߿ʬ⡣

˪û֣ſһ磬һˮ״ϸıûǧ׶ӿ£Գīӿ
顭
īȫ޷Ӧһľ׮ƾ˪δȫһ
ʢɿɢһīͱϢ٣˺ۡ
ǰ
еף͵رȳҪٲܿͻɥģ
л̼ȹϵϡ


837 Ը
׵ıȣīأ̱ڵأһն롣
ǰ龳磬ǧ꣬׾ٵطԼĵ׵ĵֱ̫ڻĵЦ룬ȥˣҲԸ⿴ӣ
ɣΪԼҲΪȥˣɱ˪
֪ǳʹ࣬ǣѾڷĹǰǧ꣬ԵȥˣڣӦðħΪԼ
׽߾ȫī롣龳֮ĶԾδʥʥӣܹ𵽵÷ǳСΨһܹģǹī롣
īһϵƣͬԣΪī룬ΪԼ׶ҪȫΪ
㲻ǸңҪñ˪ľѪ壬ʥ߾𣿡
ȥɷҲһԸѵҪԸ𣿡
ȫۿīڵѪϵӿҾ
ٿأī˫һ
ȥ˵Ը
δɵġ
һˣīԭնŵ˫̼Źâҵһµϣ
û
ͽ޹ؼڷĹǰȥ˵һԸ
ȼطĹȥˣҪö࣡
𡭡
ٿأ˪Ǵı׶Գīӿ
໡
ī͵һԾԪĵһʵԪƾ۶ɣеı׶ȫֵ
ͬʱԪתȫµ˿ڣҲɿ
Хī밺ȻȻϢ٣ڵɱ֮ǰȫʢ״̬»Ҫǿ
УҽףһϲǰһĻϲ㵸
̫ˣīǰˣ
ȭͷȻ˵īǰҪսʤ˪ǳѣǣֻҪŬһϣ
ͬʱ￪ĵطϷҹֵˣҲĻϲһ
쿴īˣ
ӣһƬǺ졣
ϷҹˣҲϲЦտ׷˫ֺʮš

ͻأģһɰƳԭϢٵīڣƾձһĽɫ޾ϯȥīͺޣޱȡ
ʲôīǰȻҪͷ˳ͻˣ
ͻһĻ׾ϲӡ
īϯİƣ׼Զ϶īȻ龳죬һٽ龳쾳硣
龳磬ֻһı˪㳬С磡
̫ˣīǰոմĽᣬǧһ˲䱬һٽ龳죬һīǰӵ˪һսʵ
ϲЦտ
ī龳죬ڵԪҲָ˲١ӵ˪һսʵ
ͬʱ￪ĵطϷҹֵˣȫĿ࣬ǿһ񼣡
ģûпɣīȻͻˣһٽ龳죿
־ϲ
ǻ⸣֮Уīģδزܹɱ˪лˣ
ҹ˷ܵػһȭͷ
ɽϿգ˪˫һ˫ͫײ˼ضī롣
𡭡
ʵһȻҲǲԭϢٵī룬ȻܹڴԵһͻƣ龳죡
ڱ˪ռƣҲ壬͵ش߶ȨȣٶȳīҶ£
Űѹīͷ˫֮¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
¡¡
ӡڱȨеǣȻ͵ر˿
̼䣬ҡػΣɽ飬һըԲǧɵĿռ䣬ȫһ˲䱬˿
ʲôīǰȻ˱ǣĿࡣ
ǣīľīԸԱǣҲҪݻٱȨȣȻ׼˪һսˣ

ֻһı㱬ԭѷܲıȨȣ˿ӦѣΪĲƬ
Ȩȡ
ǡ
ͬʱɻ
һĻԶ￪ϷҹУƤһҽ
ӣī׼ƴˣ
ְľ
ȻȨȷӡǣī֮䣬ϵīȻ޷߶ѷӡǣȴñȨͬھò˵īڹؼʱ̣ǳɱϣ
Ϸһ
ҹˣҲ־ϲаǧζ


838 ԡѪ
ء
ֻһ쳹İɽı˪͵һҡΣȫƤѪ죬ЩӸ߿׹
Ȩȵѣڱ˪һ޴ĴˣԪ˲ķѹ롣
˲䱻Ϳա
ڣ˪ҲرѿƷ˱ڣž죬쳹Ĥ
һ˲䣬ԭҫһı˪˲Ϣ٣ҡҡ׹ƷиƼ
ī룬Ȼǵı飬˵ͬǷǳشǣī붷־ָոս龳죬˲ָԪ˵Ҫӯ١
Ǻ˳֮£īռ˳ϵƣ
໡
Х̳졣
߿Уɽī룬˫죬ͷһ絶צػţһƬƬƴСۼԣһͷˮޣ׺ݵ˪
顭
̼䣬īԾȦĶǣ״ű˪ѹֶ£һצâȫ˪һɳš
˪һʱ಻ԣϢٵ״̬£ԵֵīĿըƴ֧ųһʵı֣ûбīһɱ˺Ĳ⣡
׻˵ˮתȨȱ飬ڱ˪˵һش
תۼ䣬˪;ԪľҪֵͷʢī룬Щˣ
Уһϲػȭͷ
û뵽ֵսȻһ˲˾ת
ͬʱ￪ԶϷҹֵˣҲϲЦտƶЦ
쿴˪ȻΪϵ⣬׸ˣ
ϷЦҪ˶ãīǰܹһٽɱ
ҿī뼰ʱ龳죬Ļ־Σˣ
޵
ѾȲ뿴ԡ˪ľѪ֮󣬻ʲô仯ˣ϶˴ʧɫ
ҹĿ˸˸㽲ѡ
Уͷ龳ޣɱţѣɿϲǣ˳ͻƵī룬ȫռϷ磬ܵشı˪ֻеֵ֮ûлֵء
һյĹ򣬱˪ľԪ۶һֺȻ飬һֶҲˡ

ֻһıɽı˪һֻ߷ɵɳֱӱīһ׺ݵҰײײɳǧɣһöǣӸ߿ص׹Ѫɡ
ɵúã
У˷ܲѡ
ʱ˶ˣСӣ㲻ñ˪ľѪԡ壬ơĽô
ڣұԸԳ
ٿأһ׵Ժ֮С
ײɵȻһ¶ϲɫʲôīǰҪ˪ľѪʹ͸ôñ˪ľѪԡ壿
һ뵽ñ˪ľѪԡ壬Ľƣ׵ʱĻŭţϲѡ
Դˡ֮ÿһ󾳽磬ҪһƣĻͻԶ̲Է⣬Խ
£ֻа벽Ԫ磬Ҫٳ߸ͷһԪ磬ΪʥҪѪԡѪӶһٳƽƣ
Ȼ˵ֻҪѪܹƣǣһ˵ƷԽǸ߶˵ѪƽƣԽףõ̲ҲԽ
ֻҪ˳ƽƣٷùҶôڲԪ֮󣬾ͻһոµططҪȡХҪǿһ
īĻ˵ֻҪ˳һƣõһոطôͬʿУ׼ûж֣ΪĴڣ
ȻˣĿǰʵҪɱһͷ龳ı˪ʵīæ׵лԡѪһٳƽƣ
ɹƽ֮ٷùҶһٽԪ磬̤ʥ졢죬ˮɵ顣
ʱ򣬸µط
𡭡
ٿأīɽӴҵͬʱУ޾ڤħȼУָܵӿɥꡢԹָӿ˵ϲʿ϶һ˲侫߻ħ
ҺãԼᶨʯӵŽʣܹס˿Ϊ
͡
ֻһɵâƳգһԳű˪ȥ
Ȼīؼ֮һڤâ
ֻһεڤâ֮ǰڤâ˵Ҫһ¥


839 Ѫӡ
Ŀƣ˪͵һ£ʶ˰ɱϯʱ֣͵ȼվѪʩչһڰһģӰÿһӰѪ⣬ಡȥ԰ټƵӰԳ˷ϯԱ𾿾һӰ
̼䣬Ƭ֮Уȫ˪ĻӰˡ
ĻӰ
У׿Ŀࡣ
Ȼ˵ӵѰۣܹƳ֮һ񡣵ǣ˲ϢսУÿһ˲ÿһ룬Ե춨׸ʩչѰۡ
ī벢Ҫ˪Ϊ̺Űɱڤâɣ쳣գۼ㻮Ƴգ֮ӰȫһΪ

ʱһı˾ǣÿڤâһӰܹһըװıͬʱһɹɿֲ˷ɢ
ЩӰȫٵģñ˪ľѪûɵģѹ˵ñ棡
У׵һ
˵˪ĻӰ֮뵶ȵķ֮֮ͬ

˪ĻӰ֮ҪΪԻˡ
ȵķ֮Ϊ˱һ˿Ԫ
飡
ٿأһ׵ע⣬ѭȥȻһӴӰӸ߿и£һɽ֮ΪϢңײһɽ壬ɽʯ䣬ľۡ
һǱ˪һ
ݣ
ײ쳣ͬһʱ䣬īûɵڤâڰлһĻߣһһöڵű˪ȥ
ɱһϢٵı˪
ռ𵴣˻Ϊ֮ҡΣΪ֮ɫʮ֮гǵɱ֮
⼫ӾһĻ￪Ϸҹֵ˵УһϲЦտ
ν˳һ㲻ʮ壬˪ȥҵҪܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣿡
Ц
ǧһ֮ʣһ޷ĺ󷽣˪ѵػӶ˫ڰ֮УٿأһڵӸٻ˳
ݣݣݣ
ͻأģöָ״Сӣһ֣ࣵһѿΪһӿ˱˪Ŀڱ֮С
ǧѩӣÿһö̺żΪŨ񣬱˪͵ڣŨı˪˲˪ĽƤĤ˪ǵһҪը
˪ϢΪ֮һϣɽ壬Ȼø⽩Ӳ
ӲƱħеĶ⣡
ñ˪ȻҲᱻȫӲȫһ̫顣
ȻһУʵķˡ
ǧѩӣ̺ı֮ΪŨ龳ı˪ҲԳܡֿҪ߻ħɱľо
໡
ʻѪҺǿ࣬ڼȵı֮Уɥʧ˪о쳣ƽָоñ˪ΪıԵ
ٿأֻһȲʵֱһܵķ׭ڱ˪Ѫз۶ɡ

С׭ɿתɢһֹڱ˪֮ƺżǿãǧ֮һָ䣬˪ӿ糱ı˪֮;ӿ׭Ĵ߶֮£ۡѹγһ޴ı
ݡ
ڤâϢػһɽ壬
һ̣ܵĿռ䣬Լ˪еһö׭ɵΪ֮һ
УһĿ࣬ö׭ƺǹϵġ˪ӡ¡û뵽û뵽ͷ˪Ǳ˪ĺᣬֻǻԵɺ֮£õһö˪ӡ£лɱΪһ˪ģ
׿˪еط׭𾪡
˪ӡ¡
һöϵӡ¡
˵УڻĹʱڣ˪ʼӼ֮صı֮Ȼʵ춯أǣһ£µķܣһֱԶʱڣ˪һ壬Ȼ˶ϡ٣ڣھ˼ս֮󣬱˪һ廹бΣա
֮£˪ʼ棬ҵ˻Ĺʦ񹤡еĹѧһطѪ
طǡѪӡ¡
һ˪ΣͿʩչѪӡط˲佫˪Ѫӡһӡ֮У
̺Ѫӡ£ӵķӳ֣ܹգǧ겻ֻ࣬Ҫպõӡ£ܹӡձ˪ѪӶõһ˿Ϊ˪


840 
֮ǰ龳ıīļս֮УԵɺ֮£˱˪Ѫɱһߵ壡
Ǹʱ򣬰סϷһںڵʥӣΪԭǱ˪ĺᡣ
ֻµţ˪ѪѾǳϡˣԣҪѪɹɱһ˪ҪǧѷĻԵ
˭룬׵˵뷨ȫˡ
ڣûб˪ѪһĶûСԣûпɱΪһ˪
ܹ֮ɱΪһ˪Եɣһö˪ӡ£
һöӡű˪Ѫӡ£һѪµıӵɱɱ˪ĻԵ
ʣ˱˪ӡеѪлɱһߵȵı˪
׾ֵʱ̣￪Զס֡ϷˣҲ׷׾Ŀࡣ
ģҿʲôö׭ĪǴ˵еѪӡ£
ڽϷɵþ
ʲôѪӡ£
˵лĹʱʦ֮һġѪӡ£
ҹ֡ˣȫɴ
Ѫӡ£ںʥӣȫİ
һϷѣʱȻһһ׷׶ȥϸĦű˪еķ׭
ж˪еķ׭һö˵еѪӡʱǵһһզпɫ䡣
ѹһѪ£츳ƽƽıܹǧʱڣͻƣ龳磬ңһս֮У˳ڵѪɱ˱˪ԭԵɺ֮£ҵһöӡű˪Ѫӡ£
пѡ
ճ˵Ѫ£츳ƽƽҪ龳磬죬֮һĸʶûС
ǣˡ
ԭΪӵű˪ѪһѰıͲһ츳ǣΪű˪Ѫó׿
ԣǧڣ˳龳磬Ҳǲܵ顣
˭룬ô¡
ֻһϡƽı֮ƽƣһ龳磬ڣѪɱһ˪ԭȫΪһ
ⳡǷһöӡű˪Ѫӡ¡
ӡеѪ֮󣬱츳ǣõʵɱ䣬Ȼ˳˳ˮ
֮īļս֮УɱΪ˪Ҳ֮С
Ѫӡ£ǴӻĹʱıɢǧ磬Сλ֮У˵ڵ棬ҲδܹҳһöѪӡû뵽ȻӵĻԵȻҵһöѪӡ£
ϷڱĻԵˣĽѡ
ȷ
Ѫӡ£ǻĹʱڣһЩǿ壬Ϊ˱ѪһֶΣ˪һ壬Ѫӡ£Ҳᳬʮ
ϾѪӡµطڻĹĩڣѾʧˡ
ʮѪӡ£ɢλ֮УҪõ֮һǧѡһЩ˵еҪ󺱼
һö˪Ѫӡ£һˣֻԵˣɷ顣
쿴˪ٻ˱˪ӡ£ƺ׼ˣ
ٿؾ
˪ӡ£̺ű˪Ѫ񣬱˪ڵı˪ӡ¸ٻ˳һʧˣô˪̴ӱ˪Ϊһ͵ȵı
̼䣬ƺΪ̣֮ʱƺΪֹ֮ϷҹֵˣһϢͣͣɫǺ죬۾һգգضű˪
ϡ
ֻһ񱩵Ľ֮ǧһ֮ʣ˪еı˪ӡ£Ȼ˲޾ı˪֮۳һӴı
ԲɵĿռ䣬¶һǧɣضƺΪ֮
𡭡
ٿأīϯ̺ŰɱڤâԾ޴вȻԥϯ£
â
һ
ɱ
У߬ȭͷɫϾ
ϡ
ڣڵʯ֮䣬бָյı̺ŰɱڤâӲӲײһ
̼䣬ҡػΣռ˻һƳ˷ϯ֮׵ľ޷壬̼仯Ϊ촷ۣޡľɽʯȫҷ𣬻ΪһƬޡ
ৡ
￪ĵطϷҹֵ˵ңȫһ˲ÿһ˾ϢͣͣһѺ
īǰһҪ
Ϸ
֣Ϊֵܣû񫣬ǧǶȥ
֣
ҹ֡ׯƸߵˣȫҧأȫȫ


841 ӡ
촷۷䣬ɵĸ߿֮Уڤâٿȥ貹âָԭʼ̬
˾ֵǣָԭʼ̬ī룬Ϣ٣˫ңɽӴǱһ룬һֻߵķݣԴӸ߿׹

е˿ڣϸ˿Ѫ͵رѿȪһ㣬˷Ŀġ
ء
īͺһص̱ڵأѪ˫֧Ƭ̣Ϊ֮һϡ
緭ӿХɳӿ糱羪κһ㣬ϯ죬ѵ֮ϣӴīһȫ̱࣬ɢһʬ
ͻһĻ￪ϷҹֵˣȫʧɫٿȻ԰ֽ
ãīǰһΪǣ
ϷǺʧ
ԸûܲĻǾҲҪ˪һս
͵߬ȭͷ
ҹƸߡׯһˣҲһĵƤ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵īıУȫѰ׵䡣
ħƵıУ̷ӿռѣǶϱڲԫưܾ󣬷ڤ֮С
磬˿Ʊһٵصľ޸նϣޱ޼ʵıش͵˺ѳһӴѿڣһɭĿռ϶Ȼħ˷ɢӿơ
ħ֮УնɫϾЩܲһնΪˣ
УӿţֱķΣûɵôһ¡
Ҳīǰܴشܷ˳ش
űзɿɢİ׵ҲΪ֮һȫ߶Ԫ֧һʵĻ֡
̺ŽɫĻ֣ػ׵貣⻪תעĿ
쿴ֻö˶˵ػţûܲ
ٿأʶķ֣͵ؾöҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊ֮һ
ȵ˱кףڳһֵܣ΢΢³һ԰
ͬʱ֮ϣ˪˫Ӷըףвµһһ˿̼䣬Ĳбѿһ׹֮Уգۼ䣬㻯Ϊ԰ɫ١
ɱ˪ӡ۶ɵı˲䱬ѣ
ء
˪͵ͷＷһҺ˸оֱ˺ѷΡ
ű飬˪еġ˪ӡ¡Ҳʧȥ˻һ㣬ۻһˮӰ׹һʱ䣬˪еı˪ӡ£ͳʧϲķģùâҷ
ͻһĻӡ֡ҹϷ˵Ŀ֮Уڲĺ֮ϣӽһʯӣ
쿴˪ӡ¾Ȼڻˣ
ָеֵľδҲ̫ˣҪ֪˪ӡ¿ǻĹʦ֮һġͶɵӡ£аٴţûܵˣ˪ӡµƷʣΪ߶ˣǴ˵еҲԺ񣬾Ȼīȫһۻˣ
˪ӡ£ԻĹš֣ܹ֮λ棬ţƷ֮ߣȫԽ
Ͼãã޾ʱ䳤УҲܸʴ
˪ӡ£ȴ
ǣ˪ӡµƷʣԳԽѰ׾ܹƻġ
īȻӵ龳ʵǣڴ˵еǰþͺһֻϣֵһᡣ
ԣīȫһ֮󣬱˪ӡۻһ̲ˮ˸е־档
ҹҡҡͷ˽ȻͬĹ۵㣬Ҿã˪ӡµı飬ΪڤâشΪ˪ȼڵһ˿Ѫ
Ϸ֡˵Ŀ⣬ȫһéٿȻ
ȻҹĴ⣬˵
Ϊɱī룬˪ϧڵı˪ӡ¸ٻ˳ȼ˱˪ӡдһ˿Ѫ۳һı
һ˿˪ѪҲīô˪ڵѪҲʧ
ȻѪȻɢô˪ӡҲû˴ڵıҪӡ֮ϵ˲ӡҲڻһ̲ˮ
ء
Ϸҹֵ࣬۷׷֮ʣ֮ϣĿһĻȻӡɽı˪֮УȻʼήΣƺҪӱ˪̬˻ɱģ


842 ˻
飡飡
ȵĿ֮У˪ͣӶ˫͵شӼ֮˺ѿһѪ귭ɣһӴᣬֱ˱˪ֱ׹£֮У̳

ƽһըף׹ڵأɽı˪ԴӸ߿׹£ײһټĿӶ죡
ȥĿɫֱӴı˪ȫ⾷Ρ£һԼĪСƬѪתѪ⣬˶ȥоһĿġ
ɥʧ˸߹Ѫ֮󣬱˪ڵı˪֮ʱһɿɢ˿ͬ˿룬һ˪ڵı֮ͳ٣ȥԭ˫Ѫ߹ı˪ȻήһϢ
һĻϷҹֵˣǵһԼ۾
˪ӡ֮󣬱ȻҪָԭˣ
Ϸͣզп˵˪Ҳͦġòҵһö˵еı˪ӡ£˳ɱ˸ߵ壬˭룬һת۾ȻΪһսȼ˵֮׵ı˪ӡ£̵شԭΣ
˪ɥʧ˸ߵѪ֮սҲ֮轵ֵвҲС˲١
ϷƶЦһҪȡľѪԡ壬ƽƣ׾١
ҹֵˣ׷׵ͷǡ
ٿأһԼǣԣҪǱ˪˻ɱĻôѪƷҲòࣿ
ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣ
ȷ
Ǳ˪˻ɱôڵľѪƷʣƱؽһǧɣʱԡѪõĺôҪࡣ
ֻϣܹ˳ô׻˵ɽڲûգʲôѪûеõҲûйϵ
ҹ̾Ϣһ
ʱڳһ˵ȣͷǡ
¾ƲʣīĪܷսһδ֪ڱ˪ҲѾϢ٣ʼ˻Ҫ˶ãͻ᳹˻ɱʱȻȻӵ龳ʵǣսƱؽһǧɡ
һϢıҲ벽ԪʥܹɱĴڡ
ͬʱīıУһٿش׵Ժ֮С
Сӣ죬ɱ˪ڵľѪƷʣûбӵѪۣɱ
Ȼī
ײɵ־ϲǰ㻹û̫ˣһΪأ
һƣٿɫЩʲôɱ˪⡭δЩǿѰ
ɫŤοЦ
Ȼ˪Ϣ٣ɼǣҲܹĴڡ
ģı˪ȻɥʧѪӡ£ˮ֮Уûз֮
ڶ֣ʩչûֻҪܹһٽɱôڵľѪͽͻƽƵ
īٶȴԺ֮С
ɫһ
˪Ѿɥʧ˷֮
ֻҪʱɱô˪ڵľѪͲܵȾӶ˻ɵӵѪ
Ʊˣ
Ҳֻзһˣ
һҧ͵һԾīıϯ
ণ
ͬʱȫɢŰɫâĵ˫һȫػ׵ǰط
ǹ
һУ׵ʱͺһԽǹٻ˳
ϵһıǹɢ貵ı⡣
ȣ
ױһڷ٣ȫ죬񱩵Ԫ͵תɫѪӿ糱γһƬ󣬵ʱռ˻һȦȦƵױȡ
￪ĵطϷҹֵˣͻһĻȫĿ࣬Լ۾
ʲôҪ˪սˣ
ϷݺݵһĭȻһ
Ϸ֡ҹˣҲϢһϣͫ׽
ӣīһǵɽˮĵزˣĻҲֳֵ֣ǣǳˣ
Ϸ͵ȭͷһ졣
֡񡢶ҹˣѪڣ׷һԵıٻ˳Ԫӿ˫Ѫɱڡ
ס֣
ǵʵóȻǰΨ·һ
һԿƣʱһ˫֣ǰ
ãÿҪһͷ龳ޣϣΪֵܣӦͬǾԹۣ˵һ尾
Ϸϣ


843 
˵û
ص˵ͷȻ˵ʵǣľƣ̲ݻɷ򣬾ҪѪᣬսɳ
˵ţ͵һеʥϵһһɿ񱩵ʥϯ
˵ûԴӽ컯ɾ־ͲֹһεؾȹǵеǰаԥԲ֣
㣬еһǽȴúؿпڷɲ
У
˵ʲôҲУ
һҧŲ׮Եøִ֣³ç嶯ֻƽçΪӢۣգ˵ʲôҲؿ
Ҫƽ磬Ƚɱ˰գǻڵ֮ģ
죬һ˫ˮзˮ
Ϸ֡ˣεͣԭء
û뵽ؼʱ̣Ȼ˵̲ǿϷ񣬳ŨŨԹƺϷ˷һȥӣʮС
ֳգһ˲併˱㡣
ߣ
Ϊебһ͵һӣʱȫⱬ䣬һöڵٿغ̼䣬ռ˻һ⣬Գ׵ķӶȥ
ʵһ󾢷һЩӸ߿ˤȥ
֣ң
ֻźؿĹǽæϡ
վס
ˣƴǰ

֮£ҹһУֱӽٻ˳գۼ䣬ͬһɵľͽ廨һӡ
ʵҪѰ벽ʥĸڳ˵Ρ
ſңſң

֣һҹϷ˹֣һ̲ͣطӶȥ
á
涣Ϸεҡҡͷܹ֮ܵʣַĵĹػҲΪжڼսϷȻûκεԥ΢΢̾ϢһǰһȰ˵ģǼλǸʥӣսóȻġңǶѧһЩɼҷƩ硶ڷ֡նȻѧղҲܹԶ빥ɱСŲʲôɱ֮ġ
ɵˮ˫΢΢һ
ȷ
Ϸҹֵˣȫѧɼҷսһɳ죬Ȼ龳ı˪˵Ȼֵһᡣ
ǣֻԶ빥ΣյҲ
Ͼı˪ˮȵ˻֮УδؾֳܹɱϷһˡ
ׯƸ
Ϸٿתͷվһɫ̼Ƹߡׯ
ˣҲֳʥ׼ս
ȻƸׯ˵ʵӲֵһᣬǷǰһ֮ûж


Ķغ׳ʵׯݸ߸ߵƸߣһϷǰ
ȫػʦãаأ
ǵһʦһëҪʣ
Ϸ


Ƹߡׯ׷һһңػס
ϷԥһӣΪһӰ͵ػգԶȥ
Զĸ߿Уնֱֳǹϯ˿٣ɫѪӿ糱һս
ণ
ʳڵԪ𵴣һֵ֮ϣƥ˲۳һ˶ĵӰֲ
Ȼ׼һ֮
֣
֣
ٿأ֡ҹ˷Ӷһеɱڡ
ţ
׸еʱתͷȥȫװϷֵˣ΢΢üôˣ
֣ɱۣ
֣ʲôĵˣֵ֣η޾壡
ֻеĹǽϷеʥÿһˣܷɱڡ
Ũ壬ײͷ΢ůͷһЦãǾֵ֣һ
õ׵׿ϣ֡ҹ񣬾Ļŭţ߶Ԫʩչոѧɼҷ
ȣ
ñ˪Ҹոѧġն
͵һеĹǽһһĽɫâӯڹǽ֮Уԡ
ôٵҵġڷ֡
Ϸ죬ش߶ϻ𣬡ԭ˪ıϵÿҵĻϵ˪ڵı֮ȻʮһҵĻϵƨ


844 Ҳ˿

ϷȫԡϻƵϻսۣɻɽרŻ桰Ҳϡ¶Ĳ˿֯ɣʵؼͣмѡһЩʿŵĳۡͬǣϷĳ֮ϣûԿ̸ӵķ׭ֻǵò˿֯ɵһۣôһͨͨĳֵۣܹǹңڸ֮£ҲΣȼա
ڣΪҲ˿ԣڻϵԼӳ֡
ΪɽһϷϴŵۣɡҲϡ¶ľ˿󣬹һۣͼֵǡ
Ϸĳۣϻ֮£ǵûб˲ճɻҽ෴޶Ŀؿڴһɽͼڻ֮Уųͷ׹ʣһſɳϸСĻ⣬ѸپۼڻɽɽϿգƺܿҪɽ緢أȥһȻĻɽƺ̾Ҫӳ֮Ծѱ档
ХϷ·ڻɽ¯֮УĽƤ⣬ͬһ鱻պĸ¶ڿУһʱһɹīڶźХĿ磬ɿϯȥ֮УЯǵĻ⣬
һɵĿռ䣬ȫī֡
ХЯһشɫ¶ȼߣ΢һɽʯľ̾ͻɻ
Ȼֻǳˡڷ֡İ壬ǣԻɽǿ𣬶Ԫĸ֣в
Ը龳ı˪ֻţСԣȻָܹһǣϣܹòս
ϷЦһ̲ͣʩչšڷ֡
ţ졣
ϷĴ߶֮£ХĻ磬ܿͽɽı˪ˡȥӴı˪ȫ˷Բǧɵ֮УԱ˪Ϊģ޾ӿ糱絶սɱ
֣⡶ڷ֡Ǿˡ
ҹնĻ磬æһʵĻ֣֮¶һĨ𾪵ɫȻ⡶ڷ֡ĹĿ꣬Ǳ˪ǣվΧеǿв
֧ͬһ֣ΪȻص˵ͷΪ˵еɼҷֻһЩƤëܹʩչ˿ֲĺڷǾˡһЩԪ磬ʥ߷ʿҲδĶ֣
ҹֵĿޣϷЦ󣬷ǳǫܹõڷ֡ȫֵĸˣ㲻ʲô
ҹ΢΢ͷ
⡶ڷ֡ȻˣŪ֮ҶҪ˪λˣ
߶еʥ׼ʩչնϷʩչĺڷ֣ЩԹ
ϷʧЦ֣ҿͲҪˣҺڣ˪Ψ·һ㲻ֵܼȥԱ߹սˡ
񲻽Ϣһϡ
ҹֵɫҲЩÿ
˶Ǻʥӣ֮⣬˭Ҳ˭Ϸоֹ֮У¶һɸ߸ϵԽУöҹ֡Ϊޡ
ߣһȣ˭ܹһɱ˪
Цһ
ϷüͷһѾʣҪʲô
֣ȱ⣬ڷ֣ܹɶɱˣһδ֪
еĹǽһıضΪ֮
໡
ڼ񡢷֡Ϸһ۲ݵĵڣԲǧɵ֮У͵شһ춯ص
˾Ϊ֮һ

һ̣ĿһĻˡ
еı˪ڻɽ֮Уǵûһ˿һˣڣ͵³һϢ
ϢЯŨı˪˲䳯˷ϯ

ȥ֮֮˲ɢָ֮һƬХ̹ǡĿԶǧѩƮ⣬һɱ֮
ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫĿࡣ
ҵġڷ֡ȻһϢ֮䣬ɢˣ
Ϸһ
ԭɫ˲ɢΣò԰ֽɥޱȡ
û뵽Լġڷ֡ڱ˪ǰ˲ֵһᡣ
Ϊ龳ı˪ֻƵһϢͽֵĺڷָˡ
΢΢˫еĹǽ𵴣һɿ񱩵ԪƺҪѹǽ
֡
Цġڷ֡ʺȺս幥ˣο񹥻Ŀ꣬һͷ龳ı˪ҿ㻹ǸϽ뿪ðְţΪĵ
ͽϷ̵˫ͨ죬ѵ


845 ϣ֮
ߣҵġڷ֡ѧէûش˪Ҳ֮С
ҵҪǵġնӵжôֲɱҵġڷ֡޼ôȫûнʱ
Ϸ߷߲ѵط༥
뼧ɵһۣһƣ¶һĨȻЦ⡣
ҵġ
̳ĸ߿Уķ֣͵һеĿǽӯڽ֮еİԪ˲䱬
ֻ͡һƿձ죬һĽɫâ͵ػƳգԳɽı˪ȥ
˾ǣâѰĽâͬһ̺Ũʯ֮ĽâֳĿĽɫâڽɫâΧּһȦʺĳԣƥ
ɳ𣬱ϷҲضá
Ǵ˵еġնȻ̺һ˿
Ϸе𵴡
û뵽ϰնҲͷųһ˵ĳ

գۼ䣬ȫΪĳնƫеغڱ˪ı֮ϡֻһıһöСԵļۼףԴӱ˪ı֮һ˿ѷ죬ܲϡ
ɹˣ
һ֣֮ϣϲ֮ɫûУҵĳն˳Ʒˣ
ŷ㵸ģϷһЦ֣˵ЦˡĳնûɱˡֻһöѾۼ׸ѣֵһᡣ
δ䣬ֲɵϢΪ֮һϡ
ҵĳնֻǽһöҪۼ׸ˣ
ֶȥȻڵصı˪ʹֵؾţһƬƬ̵ۼ״ֵĳնֻһöҪۼ׸ɰˡ
ӣնҲҵĺڷ֣ôñ˪³һϢΪֵĳնȴ˪עû
ϷһζؼЦ
ߣҵĳն޴˪ļۼףѿһѷ죬ĺڷܹᲢ۵ģ
Ϸ䳰ȷЩޡ
ô˵ȷʵûжԱ˪ЧɱˣǺҪ˳ѹϷһͷûе
ɱ
Ϸ۲ݵĵڣ߿еļȫⱩ͹˿٣һɰԪϯ󺣣˾ֵĿ֮У˲仯ΪһɫĳâƳգű˪ȥ
һâͬǡն̺ż񽫽ųɵԪ֮ǿʲʩչĳնҪʤһ
͡
˸˸Ź˫֮УĽâһڱ˪ɵùԲ֮ϡ
Ȼȡ˷ֵĽѵûнĿ꣬ڱ˪鲼ۼ׵ļǽâ˱˪ޱ
ۡ
ֻһ˺ѵ죬һɺѪԴӱ˪֮Ѫ죬ɺĿ
ء
ͻأܰı˪ͷ۵ش
ҿ˪˻֮УȫµĽƤ⣬ȫҵؾβţܱ˪ĿƣĻһâ϶˪Ŀ񱩷
ֺ
־ʱһҫضϷûǳնһ֣ͽһͷ龳ı˪Ϲ۵幥ĺڷҪԶ
Ϸ˱죬ûг
ǵĹڱ˪˵ֻһЩƤˣƾǵʵҪһٽ˪ɱڳ롣
˶з̵ʥ֮ϣ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵̺žųԪĳն˳Ϲ˱˪򣬵ǣƣһͷ龳˵ֵһᡣ
˵龳ı˪ˣǰ벽Ԫʥӣһ֮䣬ܹתԪ׹ǣ⡣
һ˪ָжֻһָܹ
ԭ۲ݵķ֡ϷˣΪ֮һΪεرտڲԡ
ȷ
ûɱУڱ˪ͲЧɱˣеŬͽ޹
Ͼ龳ı˪ƾǿԵֵеĹʵ̫ˡ
ֳһɳĶҹп˵ÿһ󾳽磬һǵ蹵ʿ龳ı˪󾳽磬֮
ӣֵֻܹչˣ
ҡҡͷĿͶ˸߿ȫ貽ס
ÿֲİʥһ㣬ҵĳնҪֲöࡣ
һ֧һʵĻ֡
ͬʱ￪ƸߡׯˣҲĿתضס


846 ״̬

ȵĿ֮Уȫԡڽ֮Уֱֳǹף͵ָһɣʩչ˾ɱС
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱһƿ죬ϯ֧ļʸ͵ػƳգȫεı˪ȥ
˾ǣڵʯ֮䣬֧ļʸͻû˴˵е
𡭡
໡
ˡ
ড
ֻһͷɿΣÿһͷ񣬶зԲɣƳ죬ɱڡ
ء
ƣ˻֮еı˪ͷһܵҪֵֵϧȫµƤǣȫҾβţԵ

צƳ죬ȫһɵۻʡͳӵϢ˿һۣͻеεѣһɳ֮ģҪڵأͷݡ
޴񣬺һöڵצɣű˪ɱ
ʱһı߿צӰɣɽʯѣĩա
ţǰ׻񣬱֮䣬ѸףһצӰ˲˺ѱ˪ȫµʮۼס
䡭
Ӻص䣬ն͵ѹڱ˪ͷ­֮ϣƺҪһѹ˪ͷ­ʹԽѣһغ

ȸһ𣬷ԲǧɵĿռ䣬ʱ¶ȷ֮£ϷҪԶ
ء
ͷķ˪ĺУͣطһʹİȫѪ죬Ƥⷭתʹ
ΪˣǶԱ˪ʵԵ˺У
֮ϣ¶һĨ
̫ˡ
ĸϷҲզпҪܹһʵҲڷ֡ǰԱ񣡡

ռѣ˻޵Ŀըǧսޣ

һҪɹ
׾ҵغţһʩչʣľѪȫȼˣǲһɱ˪ôҲˡ

ٿأ΢΢˫͵
໣

ণ
ˣ
ʱͷ񣬾һһöڵһ㣬ű˪ֱײȥ
¡¡
ҵıըͻأش˿̳죬ɳʯɣ֮Ϊ֮ҡΣΪ֮ɫ䡣
һҪɹ
ʧܣ
Ϸҹֵˣȭͷ
Զһˮӣһգգᵽɤ۵λá
ԼĪһյĹ̳ɢ䣬ȥɽı˪ƤⷭתѪɺӣһԭء
ɹˣ
ʶ˸˸Ź⡣
Ѿܲ˪ϢˣһɥȪˣ
ϲЦտӰһӣ׵ǰϲ
̫ˣһ˳ΪŽ壡
ҹĵؿš
ҡһ£ЩӸ߿׹
֣ôˣ
֣
֡ҹæǰ
ɫ԰ֽ΢΢ҡҡͷЦû£ȼоѪЩߣһʱվͺˡ
˵ţһУͳö鵤ҩУŨҩ֮ܣǻָһЩԪ
ϴ󣬸ϿԡѪƽưգǶЩȲҪı仯ˡ
Ȳشߴ
׵˵ͷ𣬾תԪҪɣű˪Ӷȥ
ণ
˭룬ʱ͵سǰ̼š
ٿɫ䣬ŲΪ֮һ١
֣ôˣ
һɫѿס
˪û
΢΢̾Ϣ
δ䣬ҹ֡ˣȫͫ׽ԼĶ䡣
˪ûôܣҷѾܲ˪ϢˣΪʲôû
־
ܣ˪Ѿ׻ɢôܻû
ҹɴţۡ
е֮飬һһʮؽ͵ҺʹһΪ˪Ѿˡǣȴ鴫ұ˪ֻǽһּ״̬֮С
״̬
ȫ㱣Щɶͷԡ
ܵ˵֮飬͵״̬һӦӦƩܾ࣬޴ŵʱ򣬻̻ʹȥӦķӦӦӦұһֶΡͬ״̬ҲǱ˪һұֶΰˡ
׵һͣڳ˾éٿ
ԭ˪״̬Ϊھ޴в֮еһұ
ߣǸϿ뿪
Ҫ˶ã˪ͻعⷵգָжʱһɱ䣡
ɫ䡣


847 ʱ
ڳһ˵ȣȫĿ࣬Ϊ֮һ
֣㲻˵˪ֻǽ˼״̬Ϊλعⷵգ
һľ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣ״̬һұֶΣڼ龳µıܷӦԸĿơ
ԣֻҪΣҪ˶ã˪ͻָж
һϾ
ǣȻǼ״̬ô˪ΪλͻȻֹͣ˻أ
ҹԼɻ
ԭڷ˻еı˪ȫƤǾҾΣۼ䣬˭룬Դӽ˼״̬֮ƤǾɥʧһ߽Ӳʬ
Ǽ״̬ƭ塣
׵ڼ״̬£״̬һ޶ȻѾˣô˻ȻҲֹͣˡ
ֻҪ˪ָѣôʹӲ壬ûлҲӵжʱ򣬲ٿŽӲı˪ܹͬ׾ٵɱǡ
˵ţһӣҪڳһֵܡ
ҹ֡ϷˣǵһɫٿȻ䡣
û뵽ڹؼʱ̣˪ȻԵɺ֮£˼״̬Ӷֹͣ˻
ֻҪ˪ѹôܹ̾ٿŽӲ壬һ·ֱײѹ׵ˡ
֣һڱ˪û֮ǰɱ
ɫһػһеĹǽ
˵ûǻлᣡ
ϷսȭͷѾҪɹˣͷѡЩʡ
ҡҡͷУ̫Σˡ׻˵ɽڲûգǧóȻǰ
ͨ˵״̬еޣʵԽߣʱԽ̡׼ķӣһ״̬죬²ָܹѡ
龳ı˪ǿʱпѹ
׺ľȫѪҹֵˣû㹻ǿɱǱ˪ŲҪɱҲҪ¡У˪ʱпѣ̫Σա
ণ
۲ݵĵڣ͵ʳһΪһ⣬Գű˪ɱȥ
һֵⱬ䣬񱩵ĵâ䣬ʱп
ţ
Ҫˣ
סҹֵˣȫȻһһŵȡ
û뵽ǧһ֮ʣȺԥðǰɱ˪
ȣһҪɹ΢΢üͷ
ϷҹֵˣҲ̿ˮĿתضǰһĻ
Ϸҹˣӵʥ߰쾳ĵȣȻɱҪö࣬٣ڱ˪Чɱˣȫġ
ֻҪ˪һնɱôȻܹѪԡһٳƽơ
ݡ
ֻһƿֵ·ɣʱ԰ټƵĵâÿһâ̺Űʥ쳣иڱ˪Ĳ˲˺Ƥ⣬УɺѪ
ণ
ֵɣɱڣټһͷڵȵֵ֮£˲ѪģҪ˶ãͻͷǱѣһغ
ϯ̳ϵ˲̣˴Ҵ
ࣣ࣡
ٿأ˪һ˫Ѫ͵˿һֿնȻĿ⣬ŵȡ
ã˪ˣ
ʶ񣬵ʱæͨӦŵȡ
ণ
ʹɱ֣ûв쳣ڵõ׵֮󣬲˻һʳŲ·һ·ˡ

˭룬һβ͵ػƳգ˲˵ȵ壬һըױ죬ȫ鲼׵ĵȣһֻߵķݣֱӱ˳ȥ
ԼĪһ׸ߵֱӱŤΣѪˮӿ
ȣ
׾
ҹϷֵˣҾɫ԰ֽ
ģʲôʲô˪ȻˣӣǵĴΣˡ
죬ɢӣҲܹȫû
ҹϷ֣ʱͬķһ·ɡ
֣ߣ
ףҪŶϷӴܡ
˭룬͵һƼ񣬿ԼӣףԲӵó˪ģңֻǣ
ɫһޱȵļģϴͬ˵ţҲˣһȫ߶Ԫ׼ʩչն
ХһȷѪꡣ
Ȼı˪ҡҡλεڿնһ˫նɭ»Ƭ̣ףʱһ·ɣԳ׵ķɱ
ǧһ֮ʣīһ׵Ժҵףȼһ˿ϣ


848 ֮
СӣƵ֮ߣ
콫һã
׵Ժ֮УٿīʱǰһԥʩչӡշתŲ֮䣬Ȼīǰ
̨飬˲ĲٿȨ
ʮ𼱣һ֮䣬ݲð
ֻһһöȭͷСľѪ͵شī֮Ѫ̺֮һ˸˸Źӣһöڵһ㣬͵˵ʮë֮С
׵͵һ£ȫ±ڽ⡣
֣
Ȼһһ˼ס
ԼĽǶ׳飬īӣԷһ޶
һīٿӣ׵֮Уôһ֮䣬ܹأףҲΪīһ߿ܡ
ء
̹ĸ߿У״ı˪צسɱɽɢһǵѹ˸εѡ
ҿ˪ڼ״̬ûȫѹԣ˪ֻܹⲫܹԪԶ̹
͸һĴϢᡣ
ಣ
һʩչӡƾʧ١
ȥֻ߿һɴܣһ̣Ȼ׿ĸ߿С
Х̳ɣնŷӿڵĿ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ǰľѪʵ̫ڿˣҵģҵЩܲˣ
׸ſҪƵĽอŲԵڵһʶӽš
Сӣ뵣ǡҲռġ⣬ҵľѪҲκδˣֻǴ߶Ѫ壬ںһ־ѪӶõǹĽɣӿǹ֮У̶
ڵһʶӷɿһʱӿ׵Ժ֮С

ԭī뽫ڵľѪͷųҪ׵ƷʣӶһɱ˪
˵Ȼ׵ǻĹʮһŽ塣ǣϾûдɣҪƾɱһͷ龳ޣڳ롣
ǡ
ǽīľѪӿǹУһɱôɱ˪Ͳǳ˵ˡ
ԭˡ
īǰֻҪҵıǹһáǹҵıīǰҪ߶Ҫҵ壬ľѪҵľѪΪһ壬ܹǹɣ
˵ǹǴ˵еĽĿǰʵһֱûܽɱͷų
ǣī龳ΪԾѪΪпܻƷӡǹͷų
ʱɱһͷ״̬ı˪δؾͲܣ
˼磬Ƭ֮䣬еԵɣʱ־ϲ

īľѪ̺żΪ񱩵ҿǿ˴˵еŽ壬Ļһڵһʱอѣϣһغ
ء
ԶУ⽩ӲĿ͵ı˪һβٶȳ׵ķ˶
һΣƸʤѸף
ڵľѪڣգۼںһ׵ľѪʱԥӿеıǹ֮С
һǹԣ貣һڽĿֲϯأʧɫҡػΣķޣ׷װӡ
ԭīҪֵ壬ǹͷһ
־ϲԭɤ۵̼࣬׹ڵء
ͬʱɢӵϷҹˣҲͬһʱͣӶݵĽŲתͷȫԡɫԣһףϢΪ֮һϡ
ģҿʲôֵľѪȻɱ䣿֮ǿʥ
ֲ֪׵壬Ѿīٿˣܵ׵İʥҲΪ֮һ
ֲ̫ˣĪǧһ֮ʣ˳ƽ𺣣Žˣ
ҹĿࡣ
￪ĵطƸߡׯˣǴľǿŹһס
ȣ
ǹ飬һ죡
˽Ŀ֮У͵˱ǹҷһǵĴ̶Ħһɰ糱ϯ

ȥֻһɾֲľѪӿ糱ûһ֧֧ڱǹ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬֧۳ΣָȻǷ˶ı˪
ʱһ˶ˣ
˪ʱձڣ
׵ĺУһͳٿأָһɣ֧ƳĿֲʱΪһ⣬


849 
׿з֡ҹϷˣȻһ֮¶һĨɫ
ţֵĿУȻīĪǣֵȻīٿˣ
ҹ˼ܣӺһתʱµ߰˷֡
ѹ֣ܹʩչ˿ֲľѪԭīǰڱٿأ
֮һĨϲ֮ɫ
ŽѪҺǽɫġӿľѪȴɺĿͲֵľѪ֮ǰһĴéٿ
ϷͬµԵɣŽǹһ״̬ףΪ֮һѺ
ء
Ȼڼ״̬еı˪Ŀƣзһŭ˻˴ȴûһ˿һأԳ׵ķһ·ֱײȥ
ৣ
ֻһƿ죬һѪɫļʸ͵ػƳգԳű˪ȥ
ৣৣৣৣৣৣৣ
ţ֧һģһļʸÿһ֧ʸ̺񱩵죬һ˻һɲĿռѷ˺ѿ
޾ı⣬ӱǹ֮бϯ죬ȥѤõɫ⣬챦
ûпգֵļʸȻ˺˿ռ䣿
İ֧ɫΪ֮䡣
һĻ֮УֶȻһ˿һľɡ
ǣ컯ɾ֮Уͷǳˡ
Ҫ֪컯ɾеĿռȶԣҪ򱶡
֮У벽ԪʥӣͶ֮䣬ܹɽժ£һȭһǳ
ǣ컯ɾ֮УҪ˺ѿռ䣬ɽӣڳ롣
龳ޣҲδܹɹ
񣬿ļʸ˺ѳһɲĿռѷ죬ֲĵ𶯡
ǽĿ࣡
ϷĦ˫֣զп
ʣīĲٿ£֧Ȼ׵ľ
⡰ԵЩСƣֵһᡣ
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
飡
֧ļʸ͵ؽںһ𣬰飬γһ֧ɺѪʸ
̼䣬񱩵ϯռ𵴣Ϊ֮˻
֮䣬ӿƼĩ֮
ء
ʸ˪ȻһܵҪӴܣϧѾ޿ɱܡ
ͣ
ʯ֮䣬ɺѪļʸͶ˱˪ͷ­ƿвһ׾١

ƽһըף˪ͷ­͵ը˿һֻˤõӴϣİ׵ģ˲Ž׷شӸ߿ϯȷѪ꣬ԡУҽεѡ
ɽʯһӸ߿ֱ֮׹£һҳһӴӣɽʯŽ̹
ʯ֮һĻ󣬼Ӿ˵֮У
ҡҳɹˣ
׵壬һ˲䣬»صԼƿ֮£ȻڵľѪĵò࣬Ȼеһѣη
ϾһԼɵġ׵˵̶ֳȵĹȫǳɵģеԳܣҲ֮С
˪ͷ­һ㱬鿪Ȼ־ϲĳȣ֮ƽ
ͬʱɢڸķ֡ҹϷˣҲϲĪƶЦ
˳նɱ˱˪̫ˣ
Ϸһɳ죬Ц
ǹȻ˸εѣһȻ׾ٵɱ˱˪а
զп
˪ˣһ־ͿԡѪƽˣ
ҹ˫˸˸Ź⣬ȻЩȲҪԡѪľһĻˡ
һߣƸׯˣػңڿһɱ˪ʱ̣ǻ裬ϲЦտ
Ψзᣬ޿
ʦãôˣŽһɱ˱˪Ӧ˲Ŷ԰
ׯЩεų廨󣬽ѲãׯܵҪָȥ飬ðֽ̧ڰУǱֱŵģΪЦ
ҡֻǸˡ
ʣֿЦϵؽɵվŸѾȲҪϲŽˣ
ׯƸһЦΨΨŵŵسһ½ǣڿն𣬾Գ׵ķӶȥ
˳ɱ˪
ڳÿһ˵һϲ£ÿһ˾ĻŭţԽ


850 Ů黳
һΣĸоϯʱ͵شӸ߿е
֣
֣
Ӷһ״Ӹ߿׹æʩչ֮ǰһѽ׸סеס
ϷҹֵˣҲ׷½ϵÿһ˵ɫΪ
ֻЩûд󰭣һʱˡ
ܵһֵܵĹػͷ΢ȣ΢ЦŰ˰֡
Ϸҹֵˣǳһ׷״֮ͳһ鵤ҩݵ׵ߡ
̷˼ö鵤ҩܵһɹɾ֫ٺ֮ܣƤǣɫʱÿ˲١
֣㻹콫̸ɰ󣡡
ٿأһӶʨĤڳһ˵ȣǴʧɫ
˷׷ѭȥȻׯƸˣһ
ҹεͷһϵĸʱΪһ⣬붫ҹС
˭󱾹̵ģ㣬㣡
һӣС죬һָ֮͵طǰԶҹһȭߣģǵ˸е񣬻Ϊɰ
ҹţоƨɶҪˣæıض
ۣȻҶ㣿
۾۾ӲǱӣ͵һţٶȷǰش߶ҹצļƣƺ춫ҹǲ˵ʲôҲưոݡ
֣ҲܹãҿҪˣ
ҹֲܴ򣬶ֲܶ㣬ֻεؾƨһ˵ŶҹƨɣԽԽԽԽƺҪеίȫڶҹƨϡ
ҹϷЦȻδƫͷȥᡣ
ҹʱˡ
˵ҹôҲǻĹҵʥӣ֮УҲͷһŮƨɣʵЩ޴棬Ķˡ
֮£ֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿס
΢΢һЦãҿ˰ɡ
˵׸һڣ˳ӵ˽ţ׹һЦ˵ġ
ǹ˳ģ֮ǰˣҹ۾ֱ
ûسŶҹһۣһ٣ּæ׽͵ˣˡƽʱʵɹɶһ³ġ
ƺ׵Ժ²õӡС˵ؽš
ҡͷһЦû뵽ԼĿҪĵλ
׵Ժ»ӡ󣬻һ
һԵϷһĻҲҡͷ̾
ҺϷ鶨Ļ׸ӵ̬ȣϷ϶󷢡
΢һ룬ҲпԭһľˣŮϲӢۣҲǼΪ顣⣬żĳݣŮ֮űʵ
ԣϷ赣ġ
˵ʵϷĸҲͶء
ϷŮˡ˵˼ˡ
ǰ
ڼ˵Ĳ£Զ̱ڵصī룬ص˳ɱ˱˪۾ưɣ
ţ֮ϵıƬɿڻɽī룬ںľ˾Ѫ֮Ϣ٣׵ĹĬãŷسſ˫Զһͷʬ˫֮о˸˸ᷭӿ¡
Ǻǣþû֮ɱˡգյñѩޣ̫ˡ
īͳɤƮɢڿ֮У˶顣
ٿأתһֿףСӣҪֿظл㣡
ײɵ΢΢һһī롣
ҹϷֵˣҲһī롣
龳ī룬ȻҪ԰벽Ԫ׵л
Ҫ㣬ҿԶ޷ħػ
ͻƿøԪ
գܹ˳ҵµĿ꣬ĵͷȣ
īɫ࣬ûһ˿һ˵Цģ
ڨڨһЦ龳ī佱Щ˼
ʵҲûʲôӦõġ
Ц
ˣСӡ
īĿ⾶ͶԶһͷʬ˪ѾһغȻͷ­飬廹ڣϿȥѼѪԡ壬ƽưա
īѣԭףʱ˫˵˵Ź⣬ȫ³ʹľ

һЦһӻͳһǧö鵤ҩī롣


851 ж˿
ǰ
ѪľϢҪĵһǧö鵤ҩһ⣬ҳݣǰܹЦɣɾ⡣
˵ţҲīӦԳԶ˪ʬһ·ɱȥ
ī΢΢һǰѻСɽ鵤ҩвӲӷŹ⣬תͷ׵ıӰ񲻽һ㱡
Сһе˼
΢΢һЦīҲſһ̣һǧö鵤ҩȫ˿С
һǧö鵤ҩһƶī̼УΪһƾƤǣ
˵ī֮ԼѾɡףҲȫûбҪһǧö鵤ҩ͸ī롣
Ȼˡ
ԭܼ򵥡īѣ໥֮壬ʮֺء
ңī׵ôһǧö鵤ҩͲֵһᡣ
ಣಣಣಣ
һȣ˱˪ʬǰϷҹֵˣ
ɽʬʱÿһ˵УŹԣѲѡ
һͷ龳ʬ壬һʾ޴ĲƸ
ǳǳ֮У׾پܹһȷѪꡣ
˶ûжһվԶס
ڿԡѪƽˡ
촽һЦǰ

ʱһɾ磬Դ׵֮ϯֱֲӿɽʬڣһɹɾѪն
һɺľѪ۳ϯ
գ
һͳһƿšƿһɰԴӴƿӿƬ̣˪ľѪȫӿ˴ƿڲһβʣ
࣡
ƿ֮¶һĨЦ⣬һ
ֵǣ
ʣµ⡢ǣ͸Ƿ˰ɡ
Ϊػ˻֡
Ѫ֮⣬˪٣ײð
δ䣬ҹϷֵˣȫ־ϲһԼ۾һס
ûϵ׾Ȼһ֣龳޵ʬʹ
Ҳ˽׵ƢԣҲٿһֵл׷׳ǰȥеʥи⣬±ȡ
һ֮ǰؾصĶҹϷֵˣͺһͷѪ
ণ
ֻһһɫȻǵȡ
ڵ˵龳⣬Ǵ֮׽ʹ˵ʲôҲ
ৡ
ʱһĵ⽣Ӱ£˪ʱгһ飬˵ȵĿ֮С
󣬽һߵĵȣȻܹһ廹ҪϺüȦС
ŵȴõģϷҹֵˣʱͷ
߿˵ʹ͸ֵܼû˵㰡
ҹڵǰ
ণ
ȳŶҹֵŵöҹƨض˿ȥ
Цʥ߰쾳Ϊһֵ벽ʥҲضãкڶҹϣܲˡ
һ
Цҡҡͷ
յĹɽʬͱϷ˴ж˿飬ű봢ָ֮С
⿣ݾƣҩ֮⣬ǡ֮Ҳʺʥڣ󣬶ʮֳ֡
˵ÿһ˶գһЦúϲ£졣
ϴ󣬽һҪúףһڳ⣬ںȾƣ

Ϸظĵ죬ˣһҸһ֡
˾㵸
Сӡ
ī̳һǧö鵤ҩ֮ǻָһЩԪҪԡѪƽƣʱԽԽãΪԽʵѪ̲Խ󡣡
΢΢һ
ǣѪľԪóȻԡѪ»߻ħ
Լǡ
ī΢΢һЦģԡѪƽƣûа㸱áǿȣͺǺһ벹ҩԲʲôΣյġ
õīŵ׵ʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬ЩȲģٶ
νղײգҾһƧ֮أԡѪƽƣ
֪ڳƽ֮һʲôı仯
װѪĴƿЦݰȻ
֣㻤
˫ϲţ֣ǵɱ֮һף
ҹ֣׷׹ء
СӣǸҽĹҰա
ī۲תɽشɽȣȻɻ𣬱ضǶϱڲԫ


852 ̨
ײɵһʲôĹ֮УǣɽеĹȻһƬ棬ô룿
ҹϷֵˣҲòĿ⿴ī롣
ܵī뵭һЦ˵Ĺңʵϣҵı磬ɽеĹȻΪ촷ۣǣȴû̫ܵˡ
סϷˣʱéٿ
ԭǧīһֱ˵ıС
ȻˣǾ͹ˡ
׹һЦ
ī֧վ͵һīḶ́סϷֵϯ
ಣ
ͬʱīӰñ䣬Ϊһ⣬ֱʧɽش
סϷֵˣҲһɰһոµ֮С
ֻһת׵ǰٿȻһһưıС
ĿԶسɽ룬ľ죬һɹӡϢóϷ
˾ǣĸ߿գһɲĿռѷ˵ر鲼񷣬ƿҪһ㣬˸еĿģεѡ
ƬУһ춯صħս
ǰ㲻˵Ƭ粢ûΪ𲻿ˣ׵ͺһ
ī벻΢΢̾ϢһƬ磬ǧǰѾ𲻿ƾű޸ûа취ָԭ״ġƬиĹҪı޲һϧƬıԴʮ⣬Ҫ֮󣬲ܹԴҵԪȻͬ޷޸ġ
ī뿴׵ΪӣƺʲôҪ˵ֲ˼˵ڡ
׵һЦظĵ죬ǰҽԪ֮һȫ޸Ƭ硣
õ׵ŵīʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬СӣҹȻûп㡣Ԫ磬ΪʥҪ޸̶ֳȵĿռѷ죬һء٣Ҳýʥ磬һ˿ϣ
΢΢һ
ʱЩεͷ
ףֻа벽Ԫ磬ҪԪ磬Ϊʥء
ȵʥ磬Ҳ֪Ҫȵˡ
īƺΪ⣬Сӣ˴ɷһԾŶ׷ϣɹΪʥ֮һҪǵýյŵ
ص˵ͷٿأüͷһ壬ǣǶʥӣ˷컯ɾҲǻԵɺϡ֪ҽʥ֮󣬻ûл컯ɾС
Сӣ뵣ǡ
īһЦ˵Ƭ컯ɾһƬƯ磬ڲʱңûоԱǡ⣬ÿǧ꣬Ҫ֮ƯĻ꣬飬Ҫҵ컯ɾڣǧѡ
ˣ컯ɾڣд˵еġڤסػԪϵ飬ҪУΨһ֡
īǣֻҪ컯ɾĺĵشصĳ̨һӣͿʱصظӦ컯ɾλãңһ֮䣬Ϳٻ̨˺ѿռ䣬㴫ͽ
δ䣬ײɵһ˫˸˸Ź⡣
컯ɾشȻһ̨
ֻҪڳ̨һӣܹʱصظӦ컯ɾĴڣңһ֮䣬Ϳ컯ɾ
ģûɣ컯ɾ֮УȻгֱ̨
Ϸɵõһĳȣ˳ڳ̨һӣôǿԽ컯ɾԼҵĺ԰ʱضԽУȡԵˣ
ҲɫǺ죬ų޾ϣ֮ɫҲܹڳ̨һöӣôǻĹŷңܹһɳ죬Ϊ徴ʱҽʻĹŷһɱ컯ɾ֮УԴԵȻʹ˷ɱ䡣
ҹˣҲһ٣ӿ
īζһЦҡҡͷԿ֣СӣĪ쿪Ƭ컯ɾųСɾǴ˵еˣٳһɾֻڳ̨ӵˣܹõ컯ɾϿɣС˵ȣһԲ컯ɾ̾ͻڤ׵ĺɱ
ɫٿȻ䣬ʱЩЦ
ԭڳ̨һöʶӣҲֻܶ컯ɾ޷ﵽһ˵õȮĵز
ˣҲĻ㽣ڳ̨޾
ǰ˼˵Ҫڳ̨һӣ
׿һĭһī롣
ৡ
֡ϷҹˣҲˢˢתͷԿī룬һҽ֡


853 ʱ
ܵȵĿ⣬ī뵭ȻһЦ̨ôģ
̨֪ܹоŰپʮŸ̨ףΨеϳ̨һϣ
ʵϣ컯ɾ֮У޳Թʵǳ̨գȫʧܸա
У龳ޣڣ𾳽ޣ
īĿ䣬ǹ޾»䡣
δ䣬סҹϷˣϢΪ֮һϣɫٿȻ䡣
ʲô硢𾳽ޣûܹʵϳ̨
ɫһԭڳ̨޾̼ɻ
ģûգȻ𾳽ĸ֣޷ʵϳ̨
һɬӣҪϳ̨һӣǳˡ
ҹϷˣҲӿЦ
𾳽Ĵڣݹ壬ҲָҲ֣ǵһܣĹźҵ棬˵Ĵڡ˭룬ִ˵еĴڣҪʵصĳ̨Ȼʧܶա
ʵǳ̨Ƕôѵ顣
Ϸҹֵˣֻа벽Ԫ磬Ҫʵǳ̨ٲȻڳ˵Ρ
ǰˡֱԡ̨ʥ˵ش󡣵ǣ컯ɾеޣʲôΪλ֮ͣ
ѯʵ
ৡ
סϷҹˣҲ΢΢۾
ȷ
ϳ̨һʶӣ˵컯ɾȡԵش
ǣ컯ɾ˵ӵͲˡ
ī벻ɵõһЦǺǣʵúáʵϣϳ̨ܹõĺôֻǵǫ̃Ͽɣʱ컯ɾô򵥣
סϷҹ˾һһڴصȺīĻ
̨˼壬ϾŰپʮŸ̨ףѣһɣ
˵ֻҪܹϳ̨ôͻƿΪ˵еˣǰΡ
ī뿶
䣬ڳһ˵ȣɫȫٿȻ䣬һ˼
ϳ̨ȻܹͻƿΪ˵еˣ
õɡĸ֣˵ÿһʿ룡
ֻҪ˳ϳ̨ܹͻƿһɣջ˭ֵܹ
ǰ
Ϸǰ񣬡ˡֱԡɷͨѱ˵еĹɴܸӡˣԹ֪жپ޵۸֣Ϊ޷ͨɷͨɽ磬Ӷ۾硣ʱ䳤䡣˵ֻҪϳ̨ܹõɣһٷҾЩš
֡ǰͷ
ȷˡ
Թۼ֣ΪԴͨɷͨŲ䡣
ֻҪϳ̨ܹõɣôۣǶˣ
ī뵭һЦ˭˵ΪˣһҪɽˣ
סϷҹϢһϣɫŹ
׻˵𻯷õɡ
ǲôܹõȥ̥ɾˣ
ܵеľ֮ɫī΢΢һЦΪˣһҪֻҪõ㹻ܹȥ̥õɡ
̨ӵһصԹɽ磬޾
ֻҪϳ̨ۣ֮ǫ́Ͽɣôܹ̾õɣطɽ硣
ԣɷͨѾӡҲΪ޷ɣʱ䳤䡣
ī
δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣéٿп겻ѡ
û뵽̨Ȼܹ˵еɽ磡īһͣҴҲŲ÷ܹɣ
־
ϷҲզ꣬ŽҲ֪жپ޵ۣʱ䳤䣬ܹ컯ɾϳ̨Ҳˡ
ϧ컯ɾֻԪµʥӽ룬Ҫ⵽ڤ׵ĺɱڤף˵ǿԻֻصĿֲ׽٣ҲԵֵ
ҹΪпҡͷꡣ
Ȼˣǲ뿪컯ɾˡ٣컯ɾ֮УǻеõɵĿܣص壬ȴûлͨɷͨõɣ
Ƹ¶˾ģ͵߬ȭͷ
ī΢΢תͷĿ絶৵һƸߣʱƸϢһϣǱڤ꣬ȫµƤǣȫľãСӣѵãÿʮ꣬½컯ɾе飬ͻᱻһصʱաȥô
Ƹ߲һ
ǺǣԴӽ컯ɾ֮֮оѾӡһöطġöطģʮ꣬ʮһ̾ͻȼգн컯ɾе飬ʱȥ
ī˵


854 ֮
ڳһʥ¶֮⣬ī벻һƣǵ峤ûἰʱյѶϢҲʵ
Ϸͷһ˵һɽһ棬컯ɾλص컯ɾѶϢڡ
֡ҹˣҲ׷׵ͷһΪֻһ˻ԭҶһ
һŷ֡ҹϷˣЩһﲻڽڻĹңȻҲһûʵǹŹ֮
Ƭ컯ɾ֮ԱΪСɽ磬Ϊ̨ĴڡΪ˳̨컯ɾУŨռȶԣҲ򱶡ԽĵشռȶԾԽǿֲ
˵УƬ컯ɾĹɣҲǳ̨ˣ컯ɾв˸ָؽơһƣǡ֮컯ɾе飬컯ɾгȥ֮󣬾Ҳ˵컯ɾĺܣȻ䲢ûбĨɱдǿô
ԣǴ컯ɾгǰҲѽ컯ɾеѶϢڿഫǷҪ£ڻɱ֮
ī
δ䣬סϷҹ־ǵһɫ԰ס
ѹ֣й컯ɾѶϢʥӣҲֻ˽һЩƤë
йس̨ѶϢȴûһ֪
Ϊ컯ɾ飬˽֮һصΪֲ۶ܹ׷
ǰʱʲôģ׷ʵ
ʱգ˼壬һƬҵʱաУһΨдʱѳȥлص֮С
īڳһʥӣʱһ˽⡣
˵ĸ֣һ
ģǽ컯ɾѾǾһˡû뵽컯ɾгȥҲǾһϸϸһ㣬Ҫ˳컯ɾдĻ᲻ǧ֮һ
ƿڴ
ҹϷֵ˵ɫҲ԰ֽΪѿ
ȷ
컯ɾؿһڵ׽٣һǳڵʱգǾһһ𣬾ǰٷ֮һʡ
ټ컯ɾ֮УΣķҪͬǾһ
һ컯ɾ֮Уܹ˳ʥӣвǧ֮һ
ХϿյĿռѷسײһɽı
סϷҹˣԭأһüͷ壬īĻ
ȻīĻڳһʥӷǳ𶯡
ٿأ׹ǰ˹֣ǰ֮ǰ˵Ҫڳ̨ӣҵʵҪڳ̨һʶӣǳ룡
ৡ
֡Ϸҹ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͬһʱˢˢؾ۽īϡ
ÿһȫīܹн֮
ܵе֮⣬īҡͷһЦһһʮؽǺǣ֮ǰҲûн
ȷе˵Ҫڳ̨һӣҪϳֻ̨Ҫǫ̃Ͽɾˡ
ī˵̨ܹоŰپʮŸ̨ףÿһ̨ףܹõһΡҺҺ۶ɣ̷֮׾ܹͻƽ⣬ܹϵھŸ̨ףôлڳ̨һʶӡ
ǵϵھŸ̨ףǵϵھʮŸ̨ףҲһʶӡ
ֻߵļͬˡ
ī
δ䣬סϷҹˣȫĻŭţ㵸
ԭˡ
ָƶЦҪڳ̨һӣֻҪϵھŸ̨׾ˡһΪҪ϶С
ϷɫǺ죬ʼ㵸˵𾳽ޣʵϳ̨ǣǵҪ󲻸ߣֻϵھŸ̨׾ˡǵʵʵǾŸ̨ףӦòɣ
ׯƸߵˣҲһϲЦտĳȡ
ϵھŸ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣջûܹܾ
һĳȡԾԾԵʥӣī벻ζһЦشźڳʥУСӣʥӣҶá
ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣһŹֵī롣
ףʥӣȫûл᣿
˵Ϸ֡ҹǼ񣬶ںʥӣޣȻȲףҲ١
ī̧ףʥӣڳʥӾЩơ


855 Ÿ
һʥӲΪı飬ī뵭һЦԳϸϸһ㣬ӹ񣬻ûһʥӣɹϵھŲ̨ף˳ǫ́Ͽɡ
ľԼô
īüͷһζһЦ
ϷҹֵˣȫĿ࣬Ϊ֮һ
ʲô
ӹ񣬶ûһʥӳɹϵھŸ̨ףһǫ́Ͽɣһʶӣ
ôܣһν컯ɾеʥӣƣôӴĻûһʥӳɹǫ́Ͽɣ˵ӹ񣬾жʥӽ컯ɾ֮ˡ
Ϸ
ѵǵľΪûпʵھŸ̨ף
ֺݺݵһĭ
ҹһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽īϣȴīĽ͡
Ǻǣ֮ǰ˵Ҫǫ́ϿɣһҪ㹻ʵϵھŲ̨ףڶҪϵھʮŲ̨ס
֮Ĳ𣬾Ҫľȼͬ
īһһʮؽϵھŲ̨ףʥµΪһ߻ᣬǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һӡڵھʮŲ̨ףҪµΪлõϿɡ
סҹֵ˲ɵéٿ
ԭϵھŲ̨ھʮŲ̨ףӲԹ涨ʥµ飬ϵھŲ̨ףһ߻ᣬǫ̃Ͽɣڳ̨һӡ
ʥϣ𾳽µ飬ҪʵھʮŲ̨ףһϣǫ́Ͽɡ
ʣھŲ̨ףڳһʥӵĿꡣ
ǰѵûһʥӣ˳ʵϵھŲ̨𣿡
Ը𱬵ϷЩʣ׷ʵ
īҡҡͷȻǡʵϣϵھŲ̨׵ʥӣ١ǣǶûܻǫ́Ͽɡ
ţ
Ϸһ
Ȼ˳˵ھŲ̨ףΪβܹǫ̃Ͽɣڳ̨һӣ
ܵе֮⣬ī΢΢һЦԭǳļ򵥣ΪھŲ̨ܹɵӣƵģֻܹɾſӡ
ھʮŲ̨ףҲƣ࣬Ǿʮö
ԣҪڳ̨һӣͱҪһӲС
ī
һӣ
סҹֵˣǰһ
Ҫһӣ˵ףѡ
īҡͷͨ˵ֻҪڸ̵ʱڵϵھŲ̨ףͿ˳һӣǫ́Ͽɡϧĳ̨ھŲ̨̺ľſӣʥµġ
ʥӣʮʱ컯ɾʮһͻᱻʱȥ
Ҫڶ̶̵ʮڣͻƣһٳԽʥޣڳ롣ңܹڳ̨һӵޣȫѪ׿޵Ĵڡʲô߹ܹġ
ī˵飬ֱӽһʥӣƺΪ߹
˻
ʱϷҹֵˣǵһбࡣ
ʮ֮䣬Ҫʥޣʵ̫ˡοЩʥޣͬУȫǳ͵Ĵڣ
ϷһΣѾȥʱˣǲֻа벽Ԫ磬ڽļУܹ˳ԪͲˣҪһ̤ʥ磬ǲܵ顣
͵ػһеĹǽ߷߲ѵޣͲƽƾʲô컯ɾеûʱƣǽ컯ɾ飬Ҫٰܰѣ
ѹǰ˵ֻϴлڳ̨һˣԭ˵Ͽ
ҲЩɥ
˵ڳһʥӣҲֻӵŽףлһˡ
׸ֶüͷ壬ٿأ̧ͷԿī룬ǰʵǳ̨дô
īҡͷ˵ûдƵġ
̣΢΢һЦ֮ǰ˵ÿһ̨ףлõһҺǷʵ
īͷǧȷ
ôֻҪϵռҺܹɿ磬Ԫ磬ʥˣ
һ롣
Ȼÿʵһ̨ףܹõһҺôȫԷεʵǵһڶ̨ףռҺӶ̷Һ硣
С
ֻÿߴʵһ̨ףܹõһҺʵͬһ̨ףûкôġ
⣬Һɵҩ̷ܹ֮һٽͨ˵̷һҺҲҪչؼܹ꣬աԣҺҲûжٻǫ̃Ͽɣ
īͺػ׵λӰ


856 
ײɵϢһϣεͷ
ֻʣʱˣʱֽȣʱڣܹʵ߲Σʵɱ䣬ôҪʵϵھŸ̨ףһӣǳ˵Ρ
ֻа벽Ԫ磬ʥ۷壬󾳽磡֮𣡡
ӵŽ壬һƬҶ̷֮׾پܹԪ磬Ϊʥ
⣬ͬʿж֣ԽսҲͬŻʤĻᣡ
ֻҪŬҲлἷһӣǫ́Ͽɣ
΢Ƭ̣׶ʱĳȣᶨ
ǰˡð
Ϸǰһʵ֪ǰʵǹ̨
δ䣬˾µؿī롣
ī밺ͷȻҵȻʵǹ̨ʵϣǰٴεظʵǳ̨
һ٣īСӣ֪ҪѯʲôҪ֪ҵĳɼգ
Ҹ㣬˳˾ʮŲ̨ף߼¼һһ̨ף
ī
ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣīУž֮ɫ
ǰ˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨һʶô
ΪŮļǿԴ޽ѯ
ã
Ϸʱǳһ
ŵûæͷһ˫ֳ½󣬺ҲŪš
֮ǰϷѯīǷʵǹ̨ʵҲò
ī˼磬Ȼ֪Ϸ⡣
ī˳̨ϿɣôȻ˵˵ϷҲ׷ʡ
Ļī붪棬˾пͷˡ
ףīϵǳԺ󻹽ܵīЯǵī룬ǾԵòʧ
޷
ī뵭һЦҷǳźظǣҼʹ۷״̬£Ҳδǫ̃Ͽɡʵϣ龳ޣûлڵھʮŲ̨һӣ
Ϸҹֵ˾ǰͷ
ھʮŲ̨׵ĵȼƣھŲ̨ͬҪʥϣ𾳽µ顣
龳ī룬ҪһȺ硢𾳽һڳ롣
ǡ
ٿأī뻰һתһȻҵˣ龳ʱ򣬾Ѿٰʮ̨ףһٻ˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨һӣ
ʲôȥˣٰʮ̨ףһ˳̨Ͽɣ
Ȼһǣˣǽ龳Ϊ𣿡
ҹ֡ϷˣҲһ˼ضī롣
ī΢΢ͷһЦûҵˣʱֻ龳磬ǣȴѹ߾ޣһڣһʱ䣬ҵ˱ΪǱϳ̨õɵһԱ
˫˸˸Ź⣬ĳȡ
֪īˣ֮龳͵ٶ̨ףǫ̃ϿɣΪˡҲгһգҲлǫ́Ͽɡ
̫ϧˣ
һϧ֮飬˻žͺˡ
ҹϷҲǶ̾Ϣ
īȻһЦҡͷ̾Ϣʵ˲ȥʵǳ̨Ҳɱ֮ˡ
ס֡Ϸˣһݡ
Դ˳õ˳̨ϿɣңΪϣǶһԱ壬ǰΧˡ
գ˲һ𾳸ֵУȻУǧһ֮ʣʩչҸˡĻҲˣ
ΪˣҲŻպǧ꣬ĸԸ˵ķĹУΪһػޡ
ī˻ƣ紸̡
סϷҹˣ־ŭ
ûϵīˣΪ˳̨Ͽɣɱ֮
Ǹ֮
ǰûҪ𣿡
͵һҧȭͷ߬
𣿡
īҡҡͷ㲻֪ɱ˵Ĳ𾳽֣ǶôֲĴڡ˵ˣݹ컯ɾûмĶ֣
ϢһϡҧгƬ̣̾Ϣһ
𾳽Ĵڣͨ󣬵ȷһ龳īܹġ
Ҫѩޣڳ룬Ρ
ǰҪǰȥʵǳ̨᲻Ҳɱ֮
Щ
īĬãѾǧʱ䣬û컯ɾĺĵشˣҲ̫ǧǰûʲôΣյġϾ̨ԲʮɣΡ۾컯ɾΧ޾ѹҪʵǵ飬һû޻óȻӽġ


857 Ѫˮ
֡Ϸҹˣȫ΢΢ͷɫء
ڳһʥӣں壬Ǿþɳ˼֮񣬵֪˹ڳ̨Ļÿһ˾ӿ컯ɾһȫµʶ
ǰʱ򣬻ҪЯˡ
׳ī빰˹֡
Ȼī˵̨û̫ΣգǣһЩˣܹīĻȻڰˣδսӡ
Ͼīˡһ龳֣ڳɹڳ̨һʶ֮󣬶ⲻ⣬һغֻа벽ԪףҪǫ̃ϿɣԲ׾١
׵ˣī·ĻƾҪ컯ɾĵشǫ́Ͽɣǲܵ顣
޷
īһЦСӣڸϿץʱ䣬ԡѪƽƣȻ˵ԡѪʱյѪԽ࣬ǵõ̲Խ󣬵ǣȰ㻹ҪΪǧΪһʱ³çܵش͵òʧˡ
һ˵ԡѪƽƵḶ́ûʲôΣյġ
˫˸˸Ź⡣
ԡѪʱյѪԽ࣬õҲԽࣿ
еҪΪܹǫ̃ϿɣȻԸκһԼĻᡣ
£תȻ˴㡣
ҵĴƿ֮У̺ű˪еľѪܹȫգôڵԪһһɳ죡
ҵǣҲᷢʵɱ䣡
ϲЦտһ
ϻ˵ˣϾͻ˯״̬ʱ꣬ʱڣһȫȡ֮˳״̬ѣʱһȫԸڳ̨һʶӣ
ī
ɫһϲֵл
ڽ֮УǧңҲԼǡǿɵسƬ磬һȫ弯ϣ
īһһΣವһʱΪһӰƾʧççԲԵĳɽ֮С
һŹֵļһ
ҡͷһЦпһתͷȵĿͶףϴϿԡѪɣǶЩȲҪԡѪ֮ı仯ˣ
ҹ֡ϷˣҲ׷׿첽ǰӵ׵ǰһ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ÿһˣҪԡ˪ľѪ֮󣬻ʲôɱ䡣
׵õѪǸߵ塪˪ľѪ
ԡ֮󣬶Ȼɱ䣡

һεĿ⣬һƣʱԥ͵صͺһеһƿٻ˳
ࣵһƿϵƿһϯ֮£͵ص˿һŨѪ
ХһŨѪζ

ٿأһӿ糱ѪԴӴƿ֮ϯҲƵس׵ĸֽϯ
Ϸҹһ˵ȣȫڵһʱ䳷˿¸ŵס
ȣ
ֻһ챬ȣ̺ŰѪһӿ壬ȫµʮëףͷɿſһĳƴ˱Ÿ֭Һ
һ˲䣬ױȫԡѪⱩ͹̬һɱ
ٺ٣ӵŽ壬Ȼֻа벽Ԫ磬ǿȣȻʥںѪ׾١
һơ
׵Ĵ߶֮£̺ſѪƽӻ뺣һ㣬ӿ׵ʮë֮У׵Ҳһ˲͵Ǵ󣬺һֻ
顭
ŰѪƤǡ澭֮޼ɵܣϵسƽอײɵɫϾĬľ̨ƴתԪڵԪȫ޸Ľอ
ҺãӵŽ壬ǶֶϽţֻҪͷ­ݻ٣һ֮䣬ܹתԪȫ޸
Хȥһӿ糱ѪӣڰУףһս񣬶һˣԡڷӿѪ֮УϵѪ
ΪŽ壬Ȼܹ޼ɵ̳Ա˪ľѪҪѰʥӣ̼䣬ͻΪԳ˿񱩵Ѫ鿪
֮ϣǾ֮ɫ
֪־ܹնپѪҪ֪Ǳ˪ľѪѰ龳ޣδܹеľѪȫգ
Ϸ°Ȼز²
Ҳ£ϴҲܹһѪٶ࣬Ž壬ҲԳܣ
ͬΪĹʮ֮һļһΪ͹۵жϡ


858 Ѫɫ

˵䣬׻һƣƽڰУ죬ȫµʮë֮УӿһɰҲƵѪ
һӴ磬ƾ۶ɣѪҲƵתΪģϵغХţţӿ׵֮С
ȥؿ׵Ƥǣڲϵѡ޸ɱ䡭
˷ֻز
һյĹ׵ĸֽǣ˳˽һľѪ
ĵһĻ˵֮Уƽĺ֮͵ӽһöʯ˲伤ǧˡ
ÿֲǣȻڶ̶̵ʱڣں˽һľѪ
ϷզпɫǺ졣
֡ҹˣҲ۷׷ף׵ֶΰ̾
ӵɲļҲɫ䣬һ㺹׵ǿһֻ
Ҫ˪Ѫа֮һľѪٶ࣬ͳܲˣʱ߻ħ
ңһʱãҲҪʱΪ壬Ļ޷ָ˵ոľѪˣ
û뵽ϴȻڶ̶̵һյʱڣ˽һľѪδҲ̫ˣ
һŵǣϴļƣƺûֵƣ
ĪǣϴҪеѪȫ֮У
ٿأһͷڼԺ֮УȻһ
ء
һ۷׷׵ĵڣٿأӴ룬ױһȫµƤǣ˲ҵؾβƺʱҪ鿪һغ
Ȼ׵Ž壬˽һľѪ֮ҲѾﵽ˼ޣڿҪıԵ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵ش߶ھѪȪһ㣬˷ӿ

ʱһӿ糱ĽɫѪҺ׵ӿԲǧɵĿռȫ
ȥŽĽɫѪҺ̺żΪ񱩾ѪһƬ󺣣˲佫ʣѪУں
쿴ҪĽɫѪҺںϱ˪ľѪ
־
ڳ˵ĽĿ⣬ȫ˲۽һһϢͣͣҽ
飡
УѪҵײһ𣬵ʱһı˻ɽѡ
ŽĽɫѪҺǱ˪ľѪǿ׽ͷųѪҪǿɱ˪ʣľѪٲȻ׼һˣ
ֻҪ׵ıѪܹ˳˪ʣྫѪ˪ľѪΪһ壬ô׾ܹڣΪá
Ҳ̫Σˡһʧܣַǵܹ˳ںϱ˪ľѪпԪ粻ˣ
˫֮ˮת
˾ɫ԰ףһ˫ֺʮš
𡭡
ٿأӿɺѪ͵ػñһɲѪɫһ㣬ػצһɹɽİʥϯҪѽɫѪ
ʲôʣľѪȻûһѪ
־
Ϊ龳˪ľѪҪ˳գǧѣ
ѪϯĿֲѹϷɵøеһľ
˵һѪܹһЩʥӣ
֣գʵ̫Σˣ
֣þհգĪΪһʱ̰޾Σ֮У
νɽڲûգԡѪƽƣһƬûбҪɣ
Ϸҹֵˣһ̼Ȱ˵
ӴѪ֮УƽڰУ죬˵Ȱ˵ţٿأ챬һһ貽⡣
ء
䣬׵Ĵ߶֮£ڰеĽɫѪˮ͵ػûһɲĽ
ɣ磬һΣֱ죬צѪ
ʲôֽѪûһɫ
Ŀࡣ
кϷˣ
ƶЦ
Хȥ߿һɫһѪɫزһ˻ҡػΡ
ٺ٣ҵҪѾɢѪܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
һƣ߶ɫʩչɱ
һʱ䣬ָطʩչԳѪɫһըѪɫеֵ֮ܿ͹âҪɢ
ʱ˶ˣ
͵𣬱ȳҳ
໡
ɫ͵ط˶£ֱӽѪɫסֻ䡭һѪɫӦѿ
һʱ䣬ľѪڿ֮ɢ䣬ֳһƬȷѪꡣ


859 Ͻ
ɹˣ
һٻѪĽɫײĻŭţ߶ŽɫʼںľѪ
𡭡
ɫ˷ܵһ͵ſѪڣһɰԴӿϯ
̼䣬ɢľѪ̼۳ӿ˽ɫĿС
һĻڳһ˵ȣ־ϲ
̫ˣ˳˱˪ľѪ˳ںˣ
Ϸ˷ܲѡ
Ȼ˵˪ʣľѪûɵѪǣҪ併ȴס
ΪĹʮеһף˳ˡ
ľѪڽɫ֮£ӿ糱ҲƵӿɫڣܿ죬ɫ壬ųһĨĨѪɫĹ
û뵽־ȻҪ˪ľѪȫռΪУҪѰʥӣһһĲ󡣵ܹ֮ľϲ
ҹһơ
ƶЦ˫гһߣȻ˵ʣľѪѾϴˣǣϴǣҲѾﵽ˼״̬ܹѪԣϴҪ˳ؽʣѪȫڣػҪۣǿȣһΣ

ٿأͦǹף͵һ֡
𡭡
쾫ѪϵĽɫ͵ػΪһ˳ֱӿ׵֮С
飡
ʱ׵Ƥǣ˲䱬ѿƤⷭתѪ졣
ȻҪһӽеľѪȫڣ߻ħ
໡
ؼʱ̣ͦǹ˿٣ԡ貵Ľɫ֮Уһս
ͣͣͣͣ
һ̣ĿһĻˡ׷תƤ֮УȻһƬƬԼĪָ״СۼףɢϽɫĹԣ硣
һת۵Ĺ׵ȫ£֫ٺȫһϸܺʵϽۼ֮£˫ֵָףҲñһ絶צ̬죬էһۣΪһͷιεѡ
ģֵϾȻһۣ
Ǹײ´½һ㣬˫趯
ѵڳƽ֮󣬻õɱ䣿
Ϸһ׵ΪɵԵĲһ벽Ԫʥӣһͷ龳ޣȫµƤǣ鲻Խز
ԭΪԡѪ֮ƷʣһΡǣûϵ־Ȼᷢôɱ䣡
ҹһп
ϴȻһͷι֪ϴɱ֮Ʒʣһʲôĵز룬һԶʥҪǿ
Ľּʵؾ
ľѪڰӿȣѪ죬һӡ
֣
֣
۷׷֮ʣϷҹֵˣȫǰ׵Χһѯ
֣ôˣϵô
Ը𱬵Ϸһѯʡ
ȫϽеף΢΢һֽţŰԪѪ֮Ļŭţû뵽ҳƽ֮󣬾ȻһϽۣ
ϽۣҵƷʣƱؽһɳ죡
˷ܵػһȭͷ
֣󲻻һֱ˰ɣࡣ
־ɳ
һգ
ͣͣͣ
ʱȫµϽۣȫ׵ڣףҲָԭ״
ţ۾Ȼܹڣ̫ʵˣ
׵񣬲֪жһ˿ɡ
֣ܷǸһһս׵
ҹЦһ
ʼ򣬵һڵϽ۸ٻ˳ͣһ׵ȫ£ٶȸһʵ֮Уֻ¶һ˫۾
һУԴӴָٻһʥ絶צ֮С
飡
һ̣צ΢΢ֻһ죬ӲʥȻ׸һƬ
ֲһĻ˵֮Уʱһκˡ
ģҿʲô־Ȼֿȭ׵ؽһʥˣ
ֱһͷιޣ
̶ֳȵǿȣδҲ̫ˣҸҿ϶ڰ벽Ԫʿ֮УѾûܹᲢˣ
ʵϣ̤ԪʥߣǣҲԳԽ֣
ڳһ˵ȣȫһң־ϲ
˭룬ûƽ飬ǳŷ֣Ц֣Ĺǽһã


860 һ
ֲɵ΢΢һһŵضף֣ҪʲôҪҵıɣ
֮ǰ׾پһʥ˼Ϊֲ׾һֵĹǽҲеһ˿һ⡣
ģҲĹǽģ
һĵģķ֣ײɵÿЦһ
һĭϷҹ˵Ĵߴ֮£޿κεؽǽٻ˳ݸס
֣죡߶ǽң
׳
ֲɵɫٿȻ䣬һףʲô֣ûգȻùǽ㣿ǽһ벽ʥۣԲѰʥܹᲢ۵ģһһʧ֣㿳ô죿
һ˵ҪԼ߶ǽףֵʱԴҡһ˹ģһȫûļơ
ҹϷҲһĿ࣬ǿŹһס
׾ȻҪ÷һ벽ʥ
ĪǣţƾһϽֵۣܹ벽ʥ
δҲ̫˼ˣ
Ҫֻ֪а벽Ԫˣʥ߶㡣ǣȻ޾벽ʥĿϢҪǴȥһκˡ
֣Ҳ̫˰գҹһп
ҡͷһЦŷְ˰֣֣㲻õģҲµġ˵ˣ㲻עԪֻǵػӶǽңҺֵˣҲֻܵһЩƤ˰ˣֵһᡣ
ԣһ㶣üͷʱչ
ҲãֻҪҲעԪͲˣһҲûʲôΣգ
һˣֵʱһУ벽ʥĹǽУ֣ҾͲˣ
ȫһϽ֮УĿ絶أյظֶ
ϣ
ٿأʯ֮䣬ַһֱۣĹǽ˲׵ţʱһ̶ĽĽ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫɴСţۣһϸع۲׵ơ
Ǻǣ벽ʥҲ
ʼ磬¶һĨȻЦ⡣
ȥױǽؿڣ˶һĺۼ֮⣬⻬羵ȫûһ˿һ𻵡
ףƾϽۣȻӲؿס˰벽ʥ
ֲһĻ󣬴һǿҵÿһȫĿ࣬ҡ
ģûпɣֵĹǽȻûƷ
Ϸϼ̵ۣͻȻ͵һ֣ҺѽҵƱˣ
ԭϵϽۣԵʮַϷڸʱһע⣬ͱƣʱһѪӿѪ졣
֣Сĵ㡣Ͻۿɹأ̫
ҡͷһЦ
֣һϽֱۣʥսףҪҪܹõôһս׾ͺˣ
һĽʺޡ
ҹϷˣҲ۰Ͱ͵ضϱתϽۣһߡ
ʥΪ󣬼ں֮УҲǷëǡʥսף͸ϡˡ
ڳʥӣȻζҪõһʥսס
˭룬׾ȻѴ֮͵õһϽۣƷʣʥսףضã
ֱϷҹֵĽˡ
żһѵı飬׵һЦƺЩ̫⣬ʱҡͷһЦʲô˵ҵϽۣһʥս޼
ױһЦһЦΪζҿԸεظǣϵϽۣʥսףҪǧٱ
վ֮ǵѪҹҲѴﵽָʹĵزϽۣȴѪһ֣Բһʥսףܹҷͥģ
⣬ϽۣҵһǿġҽԪ硢硢龳硭Ͻ۵ƷʣҲҵƷһϵؽʱ򣬱˵һʥķˣǽҲδܹҵϽᲢۣ
ͽϽ۵ĺôһ飬ϷҹֵˣһĿ࣬ˮֱ
ʲôûգ֣ϽۣȻһ֣磬ϵ
ֲԼĶ䣬ѯʡ
ѹ֣īǰ˵ֻҪͬʿУûжֵĴڣ
֮ǰطХɼҷһϽۣޱȡ˭֪ʲôɱ䣬ѰʿҪսʤֱ֣һɵ񣡡
Ϸпǧ


861 ͷͺ
̼䣬ڳһʥӣ׵񣬾ͱΪ
ڽϷǻĹҵķ֡ҹȫ֮ӣƽĸ¡
񣬿һϽֵۣ壬Ϊ׸еˡ
ǣ˵ϽܹлᳬԽ˵еĽʱ򣬼еֵܣȫɫŹ֣Ľʺ޵ĸ˲飬ʱڸ԰ѡ
˱ˣҺôҲǻĹҵʥӣܵ˾ôһȣʲôˡ
ؽǽ뻳Уһơ
ֻǸոԡѪõɱ䣡ص̷ҶһٽԪ֮󣬻õһոµطʱ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ󣡡
ҹҡͷЦ
ҪԪ磬ΪʥˡĻϴǰ̧ͷʵ̫ˣ
񰵰⡣
λ
ۿλֵһΪƣˬһЦֵǸϿץʱһҪʣľѪ뵽ڣţںʣѪ֮Ͻ۵Ʒʣܹٳ߸ͷһ
ҹϷֵˣĿࡣ
ʲô
׼ںʣѪңںѪ֮Ͻ۵ƷʣҲܹٶһ̨ף
ģϽۣѾܹӲ벽ʥĺˣҪһ̨ףͬȼʥӣǰ͸ֵһᣬͬһСˡ
ˣһȥչգ
ϷͷʹޣӰһӣವһʧԭء
ڿǣǲǸûһˡеǽֻа벽Ԫ磬Щá
üͷ塣
˵Ҳֻа벽ԪΪһ벽ʥѾʥӴѵĶˡ
һֱҲΪϲǽ
ǣԼİĹǽǰƷʱ򣬷ֵܵصĴˡڹǽϲҲ½һΡ
ҲҪչˡ˵ҵĵռڣһҩûϣԪ硣
һĲұȣҾһ̤Ԫ磡
ಣಣಣ
ת֮䣬Ϸҹ֡ˣʧԭء
ֻʣׯƸߡˡ
ˣһ
ҡͷЦһ״һкҲѡһɽ壬ʼչǱޡ
ƸߡׯˣһЦǰ֣ʲôԸǣֵҲš
õġ
΢΢ͷׯƸ˵ƨû̫ķӦ
ׯƸ߲٣Ҿ¡

һʱȫ¸ǵϽۣ˲䵹𣬺һĵУųĺâ

һɹɰ׵ϯԽѪڡ
ͬʱľѪǻ׵۳һӴѪɫӡ
ף죬ƽѪɫ֮УžѪͺһֻ׼ƼĲϳ档
̼䣬ټһУһӰȥɽ룬ľ졣֮ϣһɲĿռѷܲ񷣬˸εѡ

ȥֻء
ãã޼ʵ컯ɾīҹĻ֮УԵøԶ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ٿأҹĻ֮Уħ۵ӰԻգӰһ㣬˲Ϣǧ׿⡣
ͷһӰ˶ţһͷѪɫģɲһħۣȻһħ壡
˿̣ͷѪħУһֻƴС棬棬򼣬Ǵ˵еħƳ档

ħƳĿвϵطһֽУһŷ
ٺ٣ɫȫ˳Ԫ磬Ϊħʥ
ħʥ֣ҵҪǺηʥҴħƳħر׹
գұҪ׹ʥӣĪ
ЦһһͷѪİħ壬͵ؼӿ˷ٶȣʯ֮䣬ʧҰ֮С
Զĵطʽħ۵ħ壬һ·棬ϢƳֳħɱڡ
˾ֵǣħ壬ȫ̤Ԫ磬ħʥĴڣ
֣Ҫ׷ɱ˰׹ס𻢣
ƾħƳڽһϼӳ棬һħ壬׾پܹӦһ˵ټǧ׷ɱ
𡭡
ҹĻ֮Уһͷꤵͷͺգʳ֮Уһһ·ֱײħ壬ʱ˷ܵһȦһ㣬ħ塣


862 ţС
ţһͷԪ쾳ͷͺգ
İƣѪħ֮Ƶĺɵüͷһͷͺյ֮Уǵûһ˿һľ֮ɫڣ΢ƣЦΪζǺǣãһˣԴӳɾħʥ֮󣬻ûкսһͷԪ쾳ͷͺգţСһ
˵ͷͺռײУͺһ岻ͬǣͷͺմԸ⣬෴ͷͺϲԵʵʳϲอ
ӣͷꤵͷͺգ׼̳ǵอˣ
ֻϧѡ
΢΢˫ͷͺյ񣬾ͺһͷ׵ĸ
𡭡
֮䣬ꤵͷͺվѾǰ˶ͷ­ƴҡΣÿһͷ­̺һֲͬѹ
Ǻǣ˵ͷͺӵͷÿһͷƿŲͬԵһͷͷͺգܹͨԵһСԣҪɱͷͺգͬ׵ʿ˵ǧѡ
һͷԪ쾳ͷͺգս֮ǿعƣҲ൱쾳ʥߣ
ӿָһ˲䣬ڵ˫ʵһжϡ
ɱ
һ̣͵һ֣´һ
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱһɰϯ죬Գͷͺӿȥ糱ÿһħ۵İħ壬ֳУΪһɱ񣬷ҲƵͷͺա
𡭡
ɽĿֲƣͷͺղһԴ׼һĿ꣬͵ſڣ³һɹɿ񱩵ơ
ҵĻ棬һͷ­³ԲǧɵĿռ䣬˲һƬ죬ȥ׹¯
¡¡¡ţһߣڰߣһͷ­ҡΣӿ³һ׽٣ʯ֮䣬Ϳ׺һɽ彭ӡ
һͷ­ĿУһӨıǧ̹ǡ΢һע⣬У̾ͻᱻһ
飡
ֻһıͷͺͷŶİ繥ƣ뱻ħһʩչ񳱣ǺڰħĻϣһĻ𻨡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
īħӰƹһ㣬ҹĻ֮շתŲϢӰΣͷͺȻͷʶƬ֮䣬Ҳˣת
ͣ
ٿأһʥͷͺյһԴ֮У۵һѪ졣
ͷͺһΣЩӸ߿׹¡
飡
ͷͺն·ӣһ̣ӿ糱İ繥ƣ˲佫ͷͺոûˡԪ쾳ͷͺգûʲô֮һĹ򣬾ͱж˿飬


ৣīӰ˲˺ǰһҾ
һħʥöմѪľˣÿһö˶̺һɾ񱩵Է׸
ಣ
һУöȭͷСľˣ쮷ɶ𣬾˺Ǭ֮С
õöƷʲľˣɫǵûһ˿һ˷ܣڣΪһԹɫǰĸ£һȺһͷԪ쾳ͷͺգķôʱ䣬ֱ˷ҵɫ
ƿڴµıΪ
ĸͦǹħʥǵü˳ۣȫ߶£ûһ˵ҳ
Ϊħ壬һҪܹһͲҪʩչڶУ
ײѪǰħı־ϣǲҪٷڶδ󣬷ĻҲʹĵģʱ򣬱ûǣ
ĭɣ絶


ĸȫһ£Ӧŵ

ӰһӣֱΪһӰԶȥĸ²ҵ粽ؽ

ҹĻ֮УʱܹһŹֵĳҪϸʱ١
ǧ￪һƬɽ֮Уһһɽ俪һ˿̣ɢӨӨΣһһȦڴںȾƣ˵Цš
һȺ˵룬ǶѵһСɽ޾ˣϸȥϰö
Ȼ˵һЩƷʵµľˣϰö޾ˣѵһ𣬾һʲƵĲƸ
յջ񣡡
һŮһƣȵСͨ졣
ʦ֣Ѿ׹߰˰ˣʵ֮ǿʥУǳ͵Ĵڣ
ӣʦ֣ǵջҲ˲٣ʦ֣Ҿһ
ڽ̵꣬һߺȾƣһ߲źۼŽ𻢵ƨ
׹˰벽ʦֵõνץסһĻԵش컯ɾгȥ֮ǽ𽣶ŽսѴ֮
ڽ̵һŮɵЦ


863 ԩͷծ
һƣеһƺһ׳죬Ž֮䣬һ֮սȻ˵Žٶȷɿ죬ʮʱڣ϶гĽǣ˰׹ȻŽʥ߾磬Ҳܹ׽ɱ
˵ţһһһöȭͷСİ׹ʱӻȥڽ𻢵֮·ɣ磬ԣ˲ⱦһƬԻ͡
ǺǣʦֱŽֵһᣡ
ûʦһٽŽɱ϶ܹ壬Ϊһָ𣡡
ʱǽڽ̣Ҳܹմ⣬룡
ڽ̵ļӣһϲЦտ˫˸˸Ź⣬˿ûнĹŵһʵ׷
ЩǵջķᡣʱͣúñչǱһˡ
ãҲ׼Ԫ磬һΪʥߣôұܹӵӦֵش߶׹׹ʩչʱҵʵƱؽһɳ죡ѰʥߣҲԲҵĶ֣
һȻ˵
δ䣬ڽ̵һڵӣȫϢһϣ־ϲŽ𻢡
ʦ֣аճԪ磬Ϊʥ
ڽ̵һŮ
𻢽ظĵ죬Ҹֻչһʱ䣬Ԫ磬ʮþȵ顣
ڽ̵ӣȫϲüңΪ𻢸е
ಣಣಣಣಣ
Ȼý𻢵ûϵǣʱīӰȻɽΧһĿȫɢһħ

߰˷ƵħƳ棬ɽһλãٵɤ
ţħƳ棬˵˰׹֣ɽ֮У
üͷһʱЦտ͵ش߶Ԫһת͵һһĵâƫеغɽ֮ϡ

ֻһı׸ߵɽֱӱնϣһʱ䣬ҡػΣɽʯ䣬žҹĻ˲ơ
ãеϮ
죬ȥ
ಣʶڵһʱӶ֮зӶһΣʹ߶Ű׹Ŀ⾶Ͷ˺һˡ
˭ȻҰ͵Ϯǳıӵˣ
ڽ̵Ůȡ
ϣͬʱڽ̵һڵӣ׷ͳ׼һ
ÿһ˾ɱڣĿ絶
һӿ糱ѹԳ˷ϯȥ
˭룬ĿֲѹεһˣǾһʯ𻢵˵Ŀ⣬ǿһֻֻ׵ĸ򣬳һĨ֮顣
ţ
ǡȻİħ壿
ȵˣ𻢲ͫΪ֮
ʲôЩһǰħ壿
û뵽ħ飬ȻѾϢǱ컯ɾ֮У
ڣףʹɱ֣ˣ
ߣֻҪǰħǾҪɱ⣬ʲô⣡
ڽ̵ļӣһʱ۷׷ס
ǧһħʥ
ٿأ𻢵ɤ쳹Ժ׼ɱĽڽ̵ӣ׷һֽͣš
ٿ˵ĿУһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
û뵽ǰİħ壬ȻħʥԪĸ֣
ڽһʥӣħȻռ˾޴ƣҪɱ˭ʤ˭һ
ҵˣ
СӣıӵȻǰħر׹ҿħƳϼӳ棬ĻҪҵǣ½ǳ˵Σ
ؿŽ𻢣ڻŷĽڽ̵ӣȴÿһۣƺںУҲͽܹۣˣֵһᡣ
𻢲ɵпһɫٿȻ䡣
ԭǰ׹ˣ
ģǧû뵽ħƳȻϼӳ棬ѹְħܹǧ׷ɱ
ˣһսˣ
ڽ̵һڵӣɫȻ˵Ŀ⣬һĨ֮ɫ
𻢾գתԪԺʣɫž޲׽͸
Сӣ콫׹ңһãһȫʬ
ĻҶǧֿ̣ĥ
һ˵
ʲôҽֵİ׹㣿
һƣһЦΪŹֵҡͷ
Ҫûбֻȥˣ
˵ţһɿ񱩵Ԫ͵رȫԡɽ⣬һɱ񣬷ҲƵش߶Ű׹źһɱȥ
ɱɱħ
ʲôʱ򣬰ħ˲ˣȻҶߺЦ
ɱǣ֪﾿˭ĵ̣
ڽ̵ӣ׷ŷ˺һħ塣


864 ׷ɱ
ݺЦ
žԷ˶Ľڽ̵ӣһεҡҡͷٿأһӣһɰħ糱ϯ̺ʥ߷򣬿ֲ֮
ʱڽ̵һ˵ȣһ̶֮УΪ֮һ
ʱ
գڽ̵С鿪۽磬ǺúøһѪħ
ವһӰƾʧ١
ͣͣͣͣ
һٶȳֵʱһĵâ˲пĸʥӵͷһɵ˲䶴͸ϣ飬ĸͷ­˲䱬ѿİ׵ģһŽȥ津ĿģŻ

ʱľͷʬƶߵķݣԴӸ߿׹ңȫ鴤
ʲô㡭Ȼҵʦֵܸնɱˣ
հ׹׼һ˭һ룬ͿĪĺȻڽ̵ӸնɱˡɵĿ࣬鱩ͻ
һ˵ĸ飬ý𻢶ͷ𣬺޲̽˺Ƭҡ
սһʼͳֳһߵ̬ƣ
̶̵һغ֮䣬ڽһˣֻʣ½˶档˵ȣȫһɱ
ֲһĻ󣬼ӾýսԼ͵ʥӣҲЩ
ܹһеУͲʹڶУѪħսԭ
ײУ
Ѫ
Сӣ֪֮Ĳж˰գ
΢΢Ž𻢹һЦ
Цɭ˲ɵëȻǱ˫סˡ
İħ壡ҽΪڽ̵𣬾Ž壬δ·磡ռ㲻Ķ֣ҲȻԹ־ܵģ
Ҫõ׹ȥɣ
״񣬷ҲƵڵİԪ䱳ӿȣգۼһԽɫĳ
ಡһ˫һ񣬵ʱΪһϬ⣬ԳҹշӶȥ
գۼ䣬ǧ׿⣬ܣӰƮ
ţ
ܣûôף
Ȼһæһӣ׷׷ĺǣҲҪСܵ
ৣৣৣৣ
ʱħӰһ̲ͣ׷ɱŽ𻢡
˵֮ǰ֮ûһͶԽʹɱ֣½飬׹úеѪȫˮһա
˭룬𻢾Ȼûбֶθס෴ѡ˶ӡ
ңΪڽһʥӣʩչ츳֮󣬱˫еٶȣΪֲʥ߾ĺ󼰡
ڣڽʩչྫ֮˫֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ
𻢵ٶȣδҲ̫ˣΪڽ̵ʥӣ
ȥǿҪ˦ˣ
죡ȼѪɶݣҵҪܹ֧Ŷõʱ䣡
ɫǺ죬´һ
ڳһħʥȫԥȼھѪ
֪ǱߣôҪãã޼ʵ컯ɾ֮ҵ𻢣ֱǴ룬˵Ρ
ϾħƳӳ沢ûмڽ𻢵ڣУҲڵһʱ佫Ĩɱ
ԣһ֮زز׹ҲҲˡ
¹ش󣬺˵ʲôҲԸ߽𻢣

ʱħӰھѪڣȫԡһĻ֮УһööڵԳŽ𻢷˶ȥ
ǺǣҪ׷ңûôף
ԽԽȽĺˣЦһ߶֮еİ׹
ಣಣ
׹ɿתһɰֽʱ˷ˣеٶٶһء
Ȼûа취˲ѺˣǣҲ뻢ڣ˸˲׷ϡ
СӣֻһʥӣԪޣȼվѪٷɶݣĲħʥȰ㣬ǸϽͶ׹˫ַ
һҶһȫʬ
ȵ
ɫϾ۾طӶݣںԵĻ˿ᡣ
ǺǣҪƾٶȰ׷ɱȻǲף컯ɾ֮УޣǿƥֻҪһлᣬҾͻЩǿޣ
ţƾҵıֶΣֻҪʮĿ϶ܹħʥҲҲң
һˣ𻢵ʱѡ˵ͿշУһԪĽ٣һ棬Ҳڹ۲״
ޱ޼ʵ컯ɾ֮УҹŨأȥһƬɽ룬ƽԭ˻ĹʱУֻصŴĸо
໡
Զʱشһ춯ص޺죬صҡػΣʧɫ


865 ׼ɽ
ʱҴңת۰
Ƶ̳졣һƬΪ촷۵ɽ֮УǧֻƴСĽ׻ȳ棬ɳ֮УȥӲӣһƬɫĺ
Դ뵶Ƚصı֮󣬳ǧֻ׻ȳ͹ԹԵؾɽ֮УѶüꤡ
һգɽϿգವһһɫ⣬ԴɽشȻ񿥵ĵȡ
ণণ
һȣɽеĽ׻ȳ棬ʱس𣬿зһԵΪܡ
ণ
ӿ糱Ľ׻ȳ棬͵ػһֵʳһԳŶӶȥ
ʱеĽ׻ȳ棬ȫ۳һյĽɫƶ䣬硣
֮ݲʬǲ
סϷֵˣȫڱչǱ֮Уеģ͵͵ӱ˳ųȺΧĵطʳ
׻ȳһʳ˵棬Ҫʳ﹩˰ʱ䣬Ѽˣ۷
ȻˣΪ˰ȫȴ˷ʳĵطѡ컯ɾΧش
ûо컯ɾĺĵش
һɽȵصһصıС
еˣȫڱչȫȫشĦŸɼҷ
һ׸ߵľ޷ֳۣ֮һǽĿ棬ȫԪ𵴣һС
ն
ٿأֱһеĹǽ͵һ
͡
ʱһɵĽɫâʮɽ壬ľ١
ҵġնһʱУ˳Ľ
˷ܲѡ
֣ϲϲ
ϷһɫĳۣЦ׻˵ʱգĿ࿴ĽѾ¯࣬һսˡ
֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ֣˼˵Ҵ򲻹㣿
üͷһƵĿ⿴ϷҪдд裿
ϷͷڨڨһЦд裿˰ҪȫɱˡǣǲʹȫҲѷָߵ͡ҿ绻һֱԵķʽô
˫һʲôʽ
ϷһƣЦϹأԼһޣԳȥԣ˭ջ˭ͻʤΣ
һǽУһǺǣġնó幥ġڷ֡óȺ幥ˣҪǽԾĽԶ׼
Ȼҡҡͷʣջ޾ˣ϶ҪѹһǣƷϣҪҲۺϱж˭ʤ˭
Ϸüͷ˵Ҫôȣ
΢Ƭ̣ٿ˫һ˸ָߣȥҵȣ
ӵʥ߰ľΪʵǿǲ뵶Ƚ֣˭ܹ֧ŵʱһЩ
뵽һ취
Ϸǰһãھȥҵȡ
ûȷϷӰһȻܷĶҹ뼧ˡ
֡
֡
Ϸ˷ܵش˴֣ãҺͷ׼ҵдд裬һͬǰȥ
ҹ˰֣Ǳȥˡڰǰʹӱ뿪ųȺΧشʳȥˣҪҵڴ롣
ʲô뿪ˣʲôʱ
ɫǺ죬Щź
ҹҡҡͷҲ֪⵶ֽ档صȵ˳֮󣬵ȾͻӦʱҲͻˡ
Ϸɥ̾
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹأ
Ϸ졣
缸һҪ
һֱĬļ񣬺ȻһıչǱޣѾڲҩϣһЩ޾ˣȻԪıݣԳԪˣ
δ䣬ϷֵϢһϣһϲż
֣ԳԪˣһĺϢ
ϲЦտ׼ʲôʱԪ磬Ϊʥ
΢΢һЦ׼ѰһƧ֮أ̶ɽ٣
Ϸһż񣬡֣αҪܵȥɽ٣Ƭ粻ǺûΣգ
ΪȻصͷ
ʱԴҡһ˹ģȻУƬС磬ԭǱ硣ڱжɽ٣ܵķ⣬Ϊıӻ׽ٵҲֱʱܲ˳ɽ٣һδ֪
˵ˣҪΪҶɽ٣Ƭ磬īǰһҵģ



866 ϵɷ
ĽͣϷǻȻ˵ͷ
ղײգֵָܼ㻤Ǳɽ١
Ը𱬵ϷЩȲ
˵ͷ
ϧȲڣĻеԻϳǧֻ׻ȳ棬ذȫϵֱ
ҹأЩĵ졣

һӣʱΪһ⣬ԴӱзӶȥ
̳ɽϿգϷ֡񡢶ҹӰƾճ֣Х졣
ߣǾΧشѰһƧ֮أ컯ɾĺĵش˵ʵ̫ˡ
˻֡
üͷһ֣ɴɽжɽٰաǰ˪īĿս޳⸽Ӧûʲôʵǿˡ
ҡҡͷУīǰϴȫưܵıУҪɽ٣һǣɽȵصеı磬Ǻ롣
ԣ΢΢ͷٶԡ
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱӰԳΧشӶȥҹѡһƬƽԭͣ
֡
ҹӸ߿н˵ϵĳҹҵһƬʺ϶ɽٵĵضΡⷽԲǧѾ̽ˣûʲôʵǿޡ
һЦŷ֡ҹϷ˹˹֣λֵˡ
ͿʼԪ硣
˵ţϥżн
ϷҹˣǷһȫ裬ֱֳȫػڼԣ񻤷
ȣ
ֻһըװıȣһɿ񱩵ԪԴӼϯ糱ӿȡ
ȫ¼Ⱪ͹Ӳӣ˿٣һɱ
żϯĿԪ֡Ϸҹ˾һ׷զп
ƣ
ԼĪһյĹ֮󣬼͵ȫһ𣬵ʱӿ糱ԪҲƵӿ뼧֫ٺ֮Уƽӻ뺣ӿ뼧֮УżอƤ⡣
һεıݣӦ̮

ХӼ֮У͵رһɿ񱩵ʥ糱ϯ졣
ȣ
ҳɹˣ
񱬺һܷ
λķ֡ϷҹڸܵϯİʥҲɫϲ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ֳɹƱݣΪʥˣ
Ϸ
̫ˣΪָеԺԸ֣ܹ˳ɹʥ׽٣
߬ȭͷ
¡¡
δ䣬ԭһϴ֮ϣȻܱգգһը쳹ϣΪ֮ҡΣΪ֮ɫ䡣
һһӴĽƾѸ۶ɣڽƵشһټ׵ɢ˸εѵ
ҪԵʥ׽ô
УͦǹȻͷĦŸ߿ȷӿĽƣĵƽһɺ顣
˵Ѱʿ˳Ԫ磬Ϊʥߣһ١
ֻ츳׿޵ʿ̤Ԫ֮󣬲Ż١
ӵɲ壬˻ĹʮеʣȻ֮ӡ
̤ʥ߾֮ȻҪʥ׽ٵĳͷ
ңҪԵʥ׽٣󣬱һЩʿҪԵʥ׽٣Ҫֲࡣ
֣һҪî㾢˳ɹ׽٣
ִһ͹ľ
֣ʥ׽٣ʥ߷һ֮ǰڶɽٵĹУ˷ǳֲʥ߷һҪץס˴
Ϸһ
һЦظĵֱ죬缸ģɲ壬Բġ
ܿ죬Ҿͻӵרʥ߷򣡡
һˣӼڣʱӿһɿ񱩵ʥ޾Ԫ۳һƬ󺣣˷ƺ֮ϵ׽ٽа壡
䡭
ٿأһ׽٣͵ش
ֻһԼĪˮͰϸɫ׵磬͵شЯſֲżҶ
̶ֳȵ׽٣ҳݣ
ŵͷµɫ׽٣Ȼ˫֣һ΢΢̣һ˿ζЦ⡣
ͬʱϷ֡ҹˣȫһĿࡣ
ʲôһ׽٣ǼΪֲϵɷ
ֵһᵽɤ۵λãһμҪԵ׽٣ǼΪֲĴڡ
ְ֣
Ϸ
˭룬δ䣬ˮͰϸϵɷͲƫеػ˼ֻ䡭һȫû޾ϵɷ֮У֮еһҶۣʱиΣա


867 ϳ
ಣ
һڡӰҡҡλεڻĲԭϿյͿշУٶȲ죬ԶԶȥʱӸ߿׹һ㡣
ڳһᾪط֣ڡļһȻǽڽ̵ʥӡ𻢣
Դһ֮ǰһħʥ׷ɱ𻢾Ϳʼĵó̡
һ꣬ʱ޿̲֮Уҿа׹ĻҰǧУˡ
ħʥʵ̫ǿˣȻ׷ɱһ꣡Ϸһ·
𻢾ҵشϢţ΢΢ƫͷķ
ԼĪ߰ʮ￪ĵطȻһӰ׷ᣬ˵׷ɱ𻢵ħʥˡ
ҧҧȫУԽԽĽƤ⣬ҧأƴ֧š
֪һиôӭģ·һ
ˣҿҪֲסˣ
ܿ죬𻢾͸еֽŲʹǰֱðǣʱ³һһӻͳһīɫĴƿ
ƿǳܲšƿһ˵ҩζˬ
ҿҴһƿϳ࡯Ļ˵֧һˡһµʱ䣬ֲˣ
Ŵƿʣ޼Ľ׸״𻢲΢΢̾
˵ܹ֮һҹЪصԪľȫˡϳࡱĸ
ϳ࣬һЧҩ
ܹڶʱڻָԪ״̬״̬Ҳǳÿֲ
ÿһ̳ԡϳࡱҪȼһӵԪ
ʿ˵ԪΪҪĶĿģ׷ϡ
ǣһ̷ϳ࣬ͻһӵԪʿ˵ǷǳĴۡ
ǽڵϦ֮£Ҫ̷ϳֽҩѰʱ򣬽ǾԲԪġ
һ½½̳Զϳ࣬񣬽Ȼ˽Ԫ
һδʥʥ˵Ĵ
ǽ𻢲ܹڶʱڽԪ磬ӶȡԪôһԪľȻӵžʵҲ̻Ϊһgݹǡ
ҵĶϳ࣬Ȼʣֻ࣬һΡԪľ֮ǰܹ˳ѣôҾֻ·һˣ
ɫϾ͵ſһһεԽƿеĸ״𻢵ĿС
ͬʱȫµľѪҲƵȼ𻢵壬ԡɻ֮УһĻ
໡
ɫŤšϳࡱȼɢİҩƽһʹĸܣһһĶѣֺǧֻϣڷؿ澭
ԼĪյĹ򣬽ڴ޾ʹ֮ѳԪȣܷ
ȣ
͵رһ𻢻ΪһâٶƾʮһöȼյڵԳԶȥ
ȫһĳɢһӰǰȻһոµĵۡ
֮ǰһϢ״̬˿̵Ľ𻢣ܷɣȫûһ˿һ̬
Ψ˫֮Уһı֮ɫ
Ȼٶ̳Զϳ࣬ýֶʧһӵԪĽ𻢣ֿҪ;ƿݵĸо
ָоýڽ̵ʥӣеңǳþ
ಣ
ڽ̳˶ϳ࣬һ̣׷һħʥ͵һӣħӰٻ˳
ǽڽ̵ʥӣֲϧԪ̳Զϳˣ
ħʥ˫ִ
Ѫ۵ĺĿһԿ˷ӶݵĽ𻢣޵ģýڽ̵ʥӣȻӵжϳֽҩǰħʥӣԪĽҩ
߷ߵ³һһӣϹأǽҵıȼվѪȫ׷ϡڽڵԪһЩٶȷٽӡ


ĸħʥӦŵӰһӣ˺ıС
˵Դӽ𻢱Σѡ̷ϳ࿪ʼҪ׷Ͻ𻢣ǧѡ
Һúһˣȫħʥ˱磬ԣ໥ӣַ׷ɱ𻢡
Ԫ˵˵ûʲôģֻǶһЩ¶ѡ
ĿٷеĽ𻢣ʱһ̲ͣȼվѪҲƵسŽ׷϶ȥ
һ̣úĿһĻˡ
ţǸһȻźĵشȥˣ
ȻһɫʱϾһ׼һô
֮ǰһֱ컯ɾΧشȦˣҲ˲ʵǿޡ
ǽ𻢣ǺˣεԵЩһغ
ڼգȻûи𻢡
ϸϸһһΧشߣѾһˣҪǽĵشǸӾһˣ
񣬽𻢾Գ컯ɾĺĵشȥٲȻ׼ಫˣ


868 ԡ
ಣಣ
ƴˣ
ȫԡɽ֮УҧأһöڵػƳգźĵشӶȥ
һΣһҪҵһͷ龳ޣֻҪҵһͷ龳ޣԼҲϧ
һ֪Ҫвһ˵Ψʥϵޡ
֮ǰͷʥ޵ע⣬ϧʥޣܹһɱ
ԣھһ֮󣬺˱˳ʥ޾׷Ͻ𻢡
֮£ΨգѰҸΪǿˡ
ܹҵһͷ龳ޣעôһħ壬ͻΪ˱׷ɱ𻢡
ʱ򣬽ֻ龳޵дͳˡ
¡¡
ڽ˼ɵʱ̣ǧ￪գһƬյĽƣ˲佫ƬڵסڲתȻڶɽ١
ţ
ǡʥ׽٣ڶɽ٣
Ȼһʱ־ϲضǧ￪Ľƣ˫֮Уԡ
Ȼʥ׽٣ôɽٵĶʥӣ
ܹڶ̶̵ļʱڣʥһԾʼɽ٣츳׿֮ӣҲضã
Ҿǰȥȣ˵һ֮
һ
ڿʥ׽ٵĵһʱ䣬𻢾뵽ȡ
Ȼ˵ڶɽٵʥӣһн顣ǣٶ壬ͬһ顣
˵ħȫʮ֮ͽʱҪ𻢵ȣͻսһͬħ塣
ಣಣ
֮󡣽𻢵ʱȫٳʥ׽ٵķӶȥ
Ѱһͷ龳ޣѰͬһӪʥӣڽ˵Ҫȫࡣ
ţǡʥ׽٣ӣʥҪԪˣ
ģ𻢾Ȼֱ׽ٵķȥˣʮа˾ҪԮˡ
ϧУոսʥߣֵһᣡ
𻢼Ȼȥôôɱ䣬ʥӣȫһ򾡣
һƣȫȻûһ˿һĻңӰӣԳʥ׽ٵķ׷ɱȥ

ͬʱյĽ·һϵɷĽ䣬Ժڸֶļϡ
ĿһĻˡ񣬾Ȼֶƾ㽫һ˵ϵɷֵסˡ
һĻ÷֡ϷҹˣĿ࣬ϢΪ֮һϡ
Ҳţ־Ȼƾǣ㿹ϵɷĺ
ҡͷԣһĸпꡣ
ӣ˳ԪԺƷʣҲ˷츲صɱ䣡
ϷۿˣʱϲЦտ
¡¡
ٿأڶ̶̵ļ϶֮ǽִϵɷżҶ
һΣˡ
ಣ
һΣȫԡһɿ񱩵Ԫ˳֮Уҡֱϣ͵һȭҶ
飡飡飡
ʱһϯֲϵɷֱӱһȭˡ
Ǻǣʥ׽٣Ҳ˰ˡ
Ϊ˾Լרʥ߷ҪӿһЩŲˡ
һʱΪһ⣬ֱž֮ϵĽƷ˶ȥ
飡
һöڵһ㣬һͷ˽ƺĵش۶ɵ׵֮С
飡
ʱĵըףҲƵسżӿ
ԭҪ׽٣һ˲䣬۳һһ볯żɱ
ֲ׽˲佫ûˣһը
ء
˻𣬸оȫµƤǣһ˲ɥʧ֪ÿһëסÿһƤ⣬ҪɲƬ
顭
ÿһÿһ룬ƤǶ顢˷ԴԴ
˵Ѱʥӣ͵һͷ׽ٺĵش϶ᱻһٺɱ
ǣӵɲļ׽ٺĵشȴƾɲʣϵԵһǧľ֣һ֮оĥ¡ա
ʹۣɲ壬춼ʵĲʣʥ׽䣡
׽ˣҵר򣡡
ѵɤԴը׹쳹ϡ
ϷҹĵˣĿ֮࣬󣬷΢΢³һ
֣ʵ̫ðˣɲ壬ǧٴˣ
ָп꣬ڼΪΪ
Ϊɲ壬Ȼԡ׽٣ʥ׽ǣţֻҪܹ˳ɹ׽٣ôֵƷʣһΣ
Ϸ


869 ԩ·խ
飡飡飡飡飡
ֲ׽룬޾ĵߣը׺壬ȫûĵ֮УƤĤⶼҪ˺飬
Եƾʣϵ޸һǧľ֣ԽԡһԽǽղ
Хӿ̶һյĹ򣬼֮У͵رһɹɿ񱩵ʥͬʱöµķĻڼ£һֻֻ鶯ĺ
λ쿴Ѿ˳ʥ߷򣡡
Ϸʶڵһʱ;Ҫ˶ã־ܹרˣ
Ԫ磬Ϊʥһˮ룬һԽʵ̷ɱ䣬ʱ򣬼ֵʵһɳ죬ܵ˾ڴ
ҹһơ
ٿأһ絶ӰԴԶһĵУ˲仮Ƴգż˵ķ˶Ƴ졣
ͻӰȫ񾯽ķֵʱϢһϣеϮ
ֵǣȫػֶɽ٣
͵һеĹǽԪȵһ㣬ӿ
ţ
ҹֳֽŸ˫΢΢˭ıӵǵ鷳
ϷҲһݣһѭȥ
һƬƽԭ˾ѡĶɽʥأΧûзǳǿޡ
ԭΪɽ٣Ӧòв۵ļһǰ߶ţ˭룬ڼɽٵĽҪͷȻ˵Ϯ
ܿ죬ϷҹˣͿˡ
һӰ
ҹʩչոƿһƤëġۡȥʱͫΪ֮һûжϴ磬δʥ߷Ӧûһδ̤Ԫʥӣ
һδʥʥӣϷʱһ
Ϸҹ˵вʥϵĴڡ
ʥ߼ޣϷҹ˵֮£Ҳռʲôˡ
ϾϷǶҹ֣ӵŰ벽ԪΪ⣬ҲƷϼѵķƷʳ׿ɼҷȫɱͬȼʿȫһ
ʥ߼ĴڣҲϷҹֵˡ
񣬵ҹжһδʥʥ֮󣬷ϷȫһЩ
ǹƥҲҲ磬һδʥʥӣǲ
Ϸһƣǰ֣㸺𱣻ְȫȥɱС
йǽķһ˲϶ΪһԻΪһâݿշУһ⣬Գϯȥ
ಣಣ
̶̼֮䣬Ϸһһңţеǰ
Ϸ˰Դ߶Ԫ׼иһնɱĵڣ˫Ľ𻢣˾Ȼһһ
ףһǽڽ̵Ľ𻢣
ֵһʱϳ˽𻢵ݣʱһգգ۾
ϷһҲΪȵصɴһţۡ
ڽ𻢣Ϸȫİ
𻢣ڹǽڽ̣츳׿׵һͷ
ڣףһĿʮս֮Լ˴컯ɾгȥ֮󣬾Ҫһս
û뵽ãã޼ʵ컯ɾ֮УϷ֣Ȼڽڽ̵Ľ𻢣
ȻǽС֣Ȼԩ·խ
͵߬еĹǽһǽ𻢣ԭмһ˵飬ʱϾࡣ
Ͼ𻢸ʵ׿֮ǰŽ彻֣ԣ΢ռϷ磬Բһӡ
Ҫɱס
ϷҪǷǳаյġ
Ȼû컯ɾУǲۣ
ϷһһУֱӽһʥٻ˳Ҳãգұ㽫նɱֳһڶ
Ϸҧأȫ߶Ԫ׼ʹɱֵĵڣ΢΢˫ҲϷ˵ò
ţһ죡Žֵܣ
ͫȻһһ۵ļһӦþڽɽһϷǸĿ꣬ڻĹŷҵķˣ
ԴϺһս֮һֵܵʹ壬û˲֪Ϸ֡ҹ˵š
컯ɾϷ֣ҲȻһһʱЩ㵡
һ
ۿ˾࣬Ҳ÷ϻûȽ𻢷ɵǰ͵һйǽһһĽâԸͷ˳
ͣ
ֻһɫâֱƳգЯŰɱ͵سŽ
ɱƺҪǬնɽӡ
ȣ
һû뵽ֳ˼˸վִ֮ͣ£ֻü߶еİ׹ǰֵϧʯ֮䣬׹ȫ߶
ֻһ׹һűɵ򣬾ԵɶĽâδ׺ݵ˽𻢵ļ


870 ʥ
飡
ĽɫâһɹҵĻ֮У͵ڽ𻢵ļ֮ϣʱĻӦѣιȫϡ
ȥѵİ׹ǣ˺ѵѪ⣬ӡĿġ
һΣЩӸ߿׹
ţʲôÿֲɱ
а𾪣ûϵƽһȻ׵غĻ֣ҽιǶˣ
ĵʹýܣ
ɹ֣
նķ֣һ֣˷ܵػеĹǽ
Ϸһ͵֣Եķ֣֣ʱвСĳѹָҽԭеˣ
νʿյĿ࿴ý𻢺úÿ۽磡ֲΪȻʼ
Ϸˣ絭໥̸Цʱ򣬽ɫһƬ԰ף˪ѩ
ӣ֣϶ǵõһǧѷĻԲڶ̶̵ļʱڣ˾˵ɱ䣡
ְ˿ڣӿѪָɢ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹʱý𻢵ɫŤ˼֣ҧҧתԪ֮䣬˳˵ļ޸ȫ
ģҵúһֵĸУ
ڣֻܹѡ̣
Ű׹ɫӡڷֵĹûܻӶѡ񷴻
ŽȻӣûзֻΪ𻢱ˣʱܵеĹǽ΢΢̣ٺ٣֪ҵ˰ɣûһɱѾˣ
˵ţȴٶȻǽ̼䣬һԡһĽɫâسŽ𻢵ķȥ
ÿһâ̺ͣһɰʥ׾ܹնϽӣء
԰ټƵĽâһƺҪǧ磬ݻһ顣
ҽ𻢣ôҲǽڽʥӣŽǰûֵˣһĹŷҵʥӣȻҽӶصôߣ
𻢸׼˵⣬˭룬־Ȼ˵ٶͷŹ˳ý٣ŭһ޾һӽڳ۳һӴĻ֣ɿ֧ſͬʱеİ׹תһĹ󣬾ԴӰ׹֮˿뻤֮󣬻ֵʱüޱȣƾֵĳնأ̩ɽ
ʲô𻢵Ļ֣Ȼ˼ˣ˫һһضŽеİ׹оЩ죬һʱ󲻳
ٺ٣ֵ֣ˣ
ϷһδȡûԻսʱ裬ʱһɹɿ񱩵ӿûһͷ죬ԳŽѹȥ

ͬʱһɹīɿϯźŵı磬̼ͽԲǧƽԭһƬ֮С
ȥ죬һĩ֮
ʲôʲôϵ
ոմӷֵĹ˳ѳĽ𻢣ٿأָܵ˶Ļʱҽ־ŭ
˵ΪڽʥӣһֻڡûɵĻΪɵġ
ʥ𣬱
֮£𻢵һӻͳһ𻷣͵һס

ԿŹӻƵĻ𻷣ӭǣգ۾ͻûһӴĻ𻷣֮Уӿһɹɽɫʥ죬Ȼǽ𻢵ıʥ
ڽһĿھĴ߶£˲˻Ĳ֮ϣͷϵͷһ㣬ƾԴѳ
飡
ͬʱӻ֮УϵӿһɹɳҵĽʥƺҪһ˲䣬ճĲƬ
ণ
ϧûɵĻöԸֻһڵ𣬱رŽ
һʱ䣬Ļϵƻɽһ㣬໥ײѡ
ɽХձ֮䣬һĩ֮
̶ֳȵĻϵ
糱ԴԴ𣬽ٿزҺһɶ𣬺һֻߵķݣֱӴӸ߿ˤһ֮УѪ
ͬʱ߿С¡¡һը죬ɽ𻢵ıʥûɵĻ𻷣Ȼ飬Ϊ
ڻҲ˲䱬˿ûһ˳ԳŽ𻢵ķϯƺҪһ˲ûճɻҽ
ܣԲܡ
˲̱ڵأ˫֮أԳһɲ˼ɫϷδʥôӵ˿ֲĻٿҵĽʥǰ˵Ĳһ
𻢵ģʱܵش


871 
Ȼ˵ϷصĽɽһػΪֲǣ׾ٵؾͽ𻢵Ľʥѹƣý𻢾֡
ڽ𻢿ֻа벽ԪϷǾԲܲٿǵصġ
ǣϷѾԪ磬Ϊʥߡһͷͨͣרʥ߷򣬲һϣ
ϧϷжϣϷȻûнԪ硣
ýΪɥĸо
û뵽ҴһĲз֣Ϸ
⼸һȫ˲СԵ
𻢷߷ҧٿͷһˣϷ֣ŽһСӵĳԱϷȫõԵ֪Žôˣ
һ뵽Ž֮䣬һ֮ս𻢵ͷʱӿ糱аٰζ
飡
ͬʱҵĻɽӿ˲佫⧲Ľ𻢸ûķ֮Уرȥ𻢵Ӱȫûڻ֮УԷֱ档
ٺ٣Ҫճɻҽˣ
Ϸܵػȭͷ
ƲƲ죬Ϊ⡣
ಣ
ٿأԶˣһħӰѪ䰺أȻѪħ֮Ƶĺ
նɽҰĳ˫΢΢
ҵСʥˡСӣԼĪֻа벽Ԫ磬սȴС
͵һУԴӱнħʥٻ˳


ħʥһΣʱһУԵıУ׼һս
Ȼǿǰ״ʱȫ΢΢һ
ħΣϸزĹʥϣ㿴һʲô·
һħʥ
ԴһӼץǧµѪӤΪʿһС͹񣬺µĸ£Ǵǧʿӱľĸ¶ħֺܺüǣֱˡ
񣬺еħʥеһħΡ
ħ΢΢˫ϸƬ̣ʱжϣӦûжϴĻǸչǽ꣬ӦþڻĹŷҵʥӷ֣һ۵꣬ؽɽһʥϷˣŽֵܣ
ɵ˫˸˸Ź⣬һĺϢ͵طǰץסħε˫ۣŵʵղ˵ʲôһŽֵܣ
źɢİħɫҰ׵ص˵ͷгɣϷ֣ŽһСӽ컯ɾĳԱǧȷҸΪ
δ䣬Ц״񣬡û뵽ڱҵŽĲ֮ǲ첻ˣҵõһΪܸĻˣ
˵ţ͵һӣ֮УħƳٻ˳
ħƳ棬㿴ˣ
ָԶеϷ֣ܱŽɱʱǷҲڳ
ħƳ΢΢һæȥһϷֵģʱзĹֽ̬
ʱһжϡ
ã̫ˣû뵽Եɺ֮£ҵŽ壡գýһ򾡣Ҳøȥܱѩޣ
˵ţһӣԴ³Ϸ˵ķӶȥ
߿УϷ˲ԵĿ⣬ȫɽҰĻ֮С
ٿء
ವһһǱӰӻ֮𣬺Ȼǽ𻢣
ţ
ϷȻһʱҧҧû뵽ҵġڷ֡ûܽ𻢸
һйǽӸʵ׿Ҫնɱס
˲һһң־ضŽ𻢡
ܵϷŵ񣬽ڨڨһЦλ֣þò
Ϸɫž޲ûд𻢡
֣
ֲЦһʲôʱ򣬷Ϸ𻢳ֵˣ
𻢾Ȼѣ
֪֮ᡣǽʱգҲûж⡣෴һ󣬻λܹԮ
𻢿һԶмӰеΣʼ˵ͬʱһУǬָнһ˳аö޾ˣеĻֻҪԸӦһ֮̾ͽЩ޾ˣȫ͸㡣
˵ţеĲÿһ֣ʱӲӱ⣬Ӳ֮ɢѤûԻ͡
ʲô󣬻
Ϸ


872 ˮ
Ϸûϵ𻢾Ȼ󣬶ңΪ˱ֳ⣬˷
Ϸ֣ȫЩɶͷˡ
ϾףСûһϷ־һսѾǷǳˡ
Ȼ˷
ʵ̫ˣ
Ǻǣû뵽ĸĽڽʥӣȻҲеĵһ棡ôк󣿡
һƣЩʵ
һɿڵļ󣬽𻢵ʱ˫һ˵λΪʥӣڰħǼġֻǲ֪λɷ֪Ѿаħ͵͵Ǳ컯ɾ֮УרŲɱʥӣֻϧƵնܣԣҪλһͬɱħ壡³֮󣬱ͣ
һ˵ţؽдŰö޾˵ĲϷ֡
ԣϷֲɵֱЦĳ嶯
Цˣ𻢣
Ϸǿһ׳һŽ𻢣һŽ߷˳ȥʱ޾ɢһ꣬Ϊǻƿɶƭôĵ˵ʲôħ壬һ֮ĻأңΪö޾ˣܹ붯ˣ
ϷҡͷЦһҲ㣬ֵˣÿһ컯ɾеջ񣬶ʮ֣ջİٱֹȻóô޾ǣδЩ˵ˣ
𻢲ɵɫһһԶ䣬һŹֵضϷ
Ϸֵˣÿһ˵ջ񣬶ǽ𻢵ʮ
ףջǽ𻢵ٱ
⡭ôܣ
Ҫ֪ö޾ˣ˰׹֮󣬲һ۳ġ
һˣƾʲôջʮٱ޾ˣ
֣Ҳʮа˾һȦףȫɵĽ𻢣նжϵ
ϷΪȻص˵ͷ
𻢰̾û뵽Ϸ֣βһ뵽Ҫ׷ɱЩģûһĿô
𻢣Ϊ֮Ĺϵܹĵزս󱳽Էô
ϷһеʥЦҿҪƻֶɽ٣ǣһ֮߰ɣ
ǡ
𻢽Դҡһ˹ģͬʱæ̧ͷԶ׽٣ԭɽٵڻĹżҵļһΪŽ塭
΢΢һ
Žף֮һ֮ԼǱһԪ磬ô𻢻ʤļʣСˡ
̸ҹĻʹɱ֣
ϷüͷһЩͷصŽ𻢡
𻢸ҧа׹ɿתһɱ俪
˲̣սһ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ʱӰֱŽ𻢵ķ˶һɱڣħ죡
ÿһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڵһʱ˽𻢡
𻢱һȫë
⣬ǰһ׷ˣ
ҧأٶȿϷλ֣֮ĶԹ𣬶Լìܣ԰ħ壬ӦվͬһӪͬвǰ
ϷˣǷ˼ĺһˡ
ܵϯİʥʱϷ־һһ
ãеϮ
ϷңԪħʥ
ʲôȻħʥɱˣһŵսеĹǽ־衣
ͬʱػڼΧĶҹҲ˫ŲתԳϷ˵ķӶ
𻢣ԭǵħʥ׷ɱԣҪԮ׼ˮǵˣ
߲ѡ
ܿ죬һħʥϷ֡ҹ˵ǰ
Сӣڽӣ콫׹һ
ĿϷ֡ҹ˵֮תûͣԾ۽ڽ𻢵ϡ
ϣϣϣϣ
ʱħʥ׷׻Ӷзָɫ԰׵Ľ𻢣һʱɱڡ
ңҡ
Űɱֶ£촽飬ɫһһ
ʲô׹ڽУ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһ׹ĸֵʱȫһ׷תͷϸ۲еİ׹
ԭ𻢴߶׹˷ֵע⣬ֻΪһƷʲķûϵǰ׹
ڰ׹ֵȻİ
֮ǰöа۽յİ׹ǺӲı֮󣬺Ӳɱ׹ǱħƳˡ
û뵽Եɺ֮£׹Ȼ˽𻢵У


873 
ԭ˰׹Ż⵽ħ׷ɱ
üͷһһֱ̣ʮֽһֵؿźһˣ˼ˣѪ۵ħʥһ·׷ɱ𻢣ΪҪ׹ӣȥĺӲŲǳĹϵ֪ӲɱģǾͿɴ²ˣ
ʱħʥŭǵĴΣˣһһʱ䣬Ժ֮˼ǧ
֣üˣҪδãϷоͷҪըˣ˼ܵĶҹҪӦ֮ߡ
飬ܲ־Ͳ֡
ҹ΢Ƭ̣ظǽ𻢣ħʥǵĵˡǴǹҧˣǸûбҪᡣ
ԣϷͬص˵ͷ
£ҹϷʹһϷ⣬ǰһλ
ϷЦ㣬˹֣֮ᣬⶼ޹أԣǾԲ֣Ա㣡
˵ţϷ֡ҹˣͼٺ󳷣׼뿪
վס
һϷһ𻢵һвǶʥӣͬˮ֮УȻҲԮ˺ģ
ҸǣԮҾƻ׽٣ʱڻĹżҵļܷ˳ɽ٣ΪʥǿɾͲһˣ
𻢶ݺݵ
ϷҹˣǽŲһ٣һƵתͷ
թĽ𻢣
ôС֣Ϸҹ־Ƿ߷ߵضŽ𻢡
Сӡ
ʱˣҲˣĻˡȷظǣһҲӲ
ǣŽǸС֣ȻɱҵĵܵܺӲ˳𲻹죬˵ʲôҲưոݣ
ϣ׶һ㣬ڳһ˵
ʱϷҹˣһҰף˫졣
ģû뵽һϳˣ
͵߬ȭͷ
ϷҹҲһɥ
΢΢һһϷҹˣƬ̺һתʱϲЦտǺǣû뵽Ҳޣã׻˵˵ĳˣѡͬһˣôǾͬһϵˣ
λǻְգһˣսǿһЩҲܶһʱ䡣
˫˸˸ŹضϷҹˡ
ϷҹƬ̣΢΢ͷʾͬ
𻢵ʱһϲ
˵ϷҹȻʵǿħʥҲûʲô
н𻢴Эʤޡ
ңڶɽ֮Уʮ𼱣ԲܹܸţԣܹһӾһӡ
ȣ
׼֣
Ϸ֡ҹ𻢣׷״߶Եı׼һһħʥһս
Ǻǣǻûи״
Цһٿأ屬һöȼյڵһ㣬ԳŽ𻢵ķȥ
׹
ǧһ֮ʣ𻢻æ߶׹ȫֵ
һһɰʥֶ£˲̶֮УֽŶԶҪ˵ֵֵˡ
͵һš˦ȣصһ𻢸߷˳ȥ
ǣǣǣǣ
һĹϵشĤ֮Уզࡣ
ۡ
𻢺һֻߵķݣԴӸ߿׹Ѫһδģ
ǲֻһȺϰˡһȺϣЭҲһͷ󿹺⣡
ҵҪҪ
ЦһѪ۵ĺٶȸ£Ʋӥãһɰʥɽһѹ¡
ҹ
͵һԾڰԪӿڰ׹֮УźҶȥ
ֲ񳱣ϯǣһŰ׹ܹһУ׾ܹһ
ಣ
˭룬ڰ׹Ҫײһʱ̣Ӱƾʧ١
ʲôˣʲôӰ
Ȼһصɴ˫
ǻӰħ
ͻأģһɤڽ𻢵ıûȽ𻢷Ӧһ񱩵ľȻӿԽ𻢵ұ۸Ӳ˺

̼䣬׹ɭɭѪ귭ɣһƬĿ֮
أҵֱۡ
ϽѹǵʹĴ̹ǣý̲ס
ǺǣΪڽ̵ʥӣѪӯʵΪɿڣ
ವһӰͻأػصϷ֡ҹ˵ǰ̧ͷȥֻһζЦ⣬һѪĶϱۣԵýζ


874 ж
ⴥĿĵһĻϷҹ־Ϣһϣɫ԰ֽ
һδҲ̫ǿˣȻһغ֮ڣͽ𻢵һֱ۸˺
־
˵ʥ֮УӦǽ˵ˣհ׹ս֮ǿѰʥ߶δĶ֡û뵽ħʥǰȻ˵Ĳһ
Ϸզ꣬治֪ħʥʲôͷȻôǿ
Ϸֵеľ֮ɫЦͽ𻢵һֱ۸˸УǺǣǡ˺ѪħǺӲĶ磡
ħսУõλ
赭дĽԼݸϣЩϺзҲΪУֱǻˣ
ʲôѪħ
ֺݺݵһԾһȷһͽ𻢵һֱ۸̳ˡ飬ӱʳĶˣ
źǵѪɵò
ѹҪǲˣԭǺӲĶ磡еʮĺӲĺȻҪӿֲ
ϷһοѾ˳̤ħʥ磬רʥ߷򣬾ԲܹĴڣ
ڳϷҹˣڵ֪˺ʵ֮󣬾Щ㡣
¡¡¡¡
֮ϣƷӿӰȻǧը֮ţÿһըףǣϷҹ˵ҡ
λһ֮
ҧתԪѵֱ۸޸ȫͬʱȫ߶׹ϷҹֵԣĿ¶֮ɫһ˵ʵǺĶ֣
ҪЭл
ѽѣ˫Ѫ
֣
Ը𱬵Ϸ÷ϻ͵һʥ̼䣬޾֮зӿϯ졣
īԴ֮ϯգۼ䣬ǧĿռ䣬ȥ׹˵ڤ֮С
ڷ֣
Ϸȫ߶ͷźڷ֡ƽԭȫյһƬݲһƬߡ

ţ죬һֻֻȫԡķˣڸ߿
һ
ڽɣʱȫ߶еĹǽһĽâ̺ſֲʥƺҪһ˲䣬ħʥĲƬ
ȥ֮УĽâϯ죬˸εѡ

ҹҲʾһУԽٻ˳һΣûĳһˣǻûһ޵ػһ˵Χֵɢ
𻢣֣
ҹȣȫҸأ
ǣ
ǣ
𻢡ϷˣʱӦŵһߣÿһ˶ҵ
ɱ󣡡
ʩչ˺ڷ֮Ϸ´֮ͳ԰ټƵ޾ˣÿһö޾ˣƷһͲóһټɱ󣬽һ˸С
飡
Ԫӿ֧һ֣֮УæҵصֵĽâɫһһ
һȻֻа벽Ԫ磬ϷǳĬǲöԸ
ԭûн𻢵˷ƾųһĸ𻢡Ϸһ˸ƣû뵽ϷûмĻᡣ
ˣ󣡡
ȳ
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱĸħʥ׷׳ԡڻ֮Уͷųһ糱İʥ
Ĺɰʥһɽ͵شֶ¡
飡
ʱϷҹ֡𻢵ˣѪӿ۵һӿһ̲ѪѪ
һ˵壬ҲƶߵķݣҡҡλΣҪӸ߿׹
׹
ǧһ֮ʣ͵ش߶׹а۽յİ׹ʱɿתӿһɳʥ֮յػһΣ
ն
͵һһһɵâ͵غ£ƺҪĸħʥȫնɱ
ǧһ֮ʣħʥ׷׳֣һɹɿ񱩵Ԫϯȵؽն顣
ͬʱĸλԴԴϵسɱкŹһʱ䣬ذ±ɫ
߿УͦǹһƵŹжȵϷһˣ΢΢ҡͷĿͶڶɽٵļϣǲɵ΢΢һƣǺǣҵҪҪصʲôʱ򣡡
ವһӰһΣƾʧ٣һ̣Ϊһ⣬Գž֮ϵĽƷ˶ȥ


875 ꪳɳ
ػ֣
Ϸʶڵһʱͷֱĺʱ߶糱𣬷سźֶȥ
ռ䱬ѣž죡
ϧٶ̫죬գۼʧ٣ϯĻ𺣣
ণ
ǧһ֮ʣϷȫһͷͷ߮ڸ߿еĻ͵Уźķ˶¡
ͷӶ˫ᣬԳźư磬ɱڣ
ǺǣݺЦ
ĳһЦһ͵ػֻ͡һıһĵӰ̺һööר򣬾ԽĲƬ
飡
ǻ棬׷شһꡣ
ĺȻ͵͵͵Ϯֶɽ٣һСˣ
Ϸƿڴ
ƻֶɽ٣ûôף
ɱ֮У͵һеĹǽϷ֣콫ɱ󳷵Ҫȥ
˵ţڵľѪȼеĹǽ죬Ѫǣ֮һĹ
Ϸûһ˿һԥһӣֱӽɱˡ
ಣ
һ̣ȼѪеķ֣һ⣬˲仮Ƴգ֮ȥ
͡
ɫĽ磬˲˺ǰЯһƣ׵
ţ
ƾ㣬ҲҪֹң
ɱһƣ˫һΣɫĹӰ֮һ
ţĿһĻˡ
וּһ˿Է˽һİɱȻ˫֣Ľâϯ
ʲôȻֿȭֵֵȼѪɽ
һδҲ̫˰ɣ
ҹϷĿࡣ
û뵽˵ĿˣȻֿȭֽɱ
Ϸҹ䷢ЦΪΪԼĴ۵ʱ򣬾˵һĻˡ
ϡһ죬ȼѪûɵĽ磬Ȼֿȭֵ
˾㵵ǣ˫֣ץڹǽĽ֮ϣǵûˣ͵һʱһ̺ſֲʥİԪӿԽǽ۳Ρ
ۡ
δӦſһ̲ѪһΣһֻߵķݣȻӸ߿׹
Ͻ
ɳʯ
Ѫ׷ɡ
ʶ㱣Ժ˫ֻһĻĻĿĵľ󣬺ƶһ㣬ӡ۵ףĨ֮ȥ
ͻأģһɴĴ̹ǵʹϯͷ÷ָоҪϢ
ǽ
ǷֵıһΪڷֵش
˵һȻûֱӻڷֵϣǶڷֵĴˣȴױȡ
һӣͽָһϢΣ
֣
֣
ҹϷˣ׷׾˫ѪһƷ˿һҰţҲƵسŷֵķ˶
飡
ȻûϷ붫ҹᲽĸħʥͷΧһŰ벽ʥϷҹʹɱ֣һʱ䣬ʥɽһ㣬ѹϷ붫ҹֻа벽ԪʥͷϣϷ붫ҹоһɽߣ̶ֺȫÿһóٻӲࡣ
ǺǣѱͱԮˣ
ħĮһЦһ̲ͣʩչɱУһ֣ϷҹƣмܣȫȻûʱ䡣
ɱȻϷԣҹϷˣȫʧȥ˷Ĵħʥ֮䣬Ҳû˼̵ϣ˲öࡣ
δҲ̫嶯ˣһɽ֮ƣ׽Ǻò׼ɵƸƻˡҪˣ
𻢷߷ߵһ䣬æ߶׹ս
һķ֣һ˵ʵȻ˲٣Ϸ붫ҹ֮У˱ˣôʣµˣҲڲԶ
ԣԹ鱧ԹȻȫսһ̲ͣЪ
ɱ
Ϸ״ȫԡ͵ʩչһĽطԽһħʥײ˳ȥԴϢ𻢣ѪԶҲֵ֮壬Ϊе
һмһˡ
Ц׷䣬磬ĶʵΪ֮ಹ㣬֪ࡣ
ֻлƿɶŽ壬˶档
ڽ𻢿ʲôֵ壬ʲôٿնģΨģΨʵبŲġ


876 ħƽצ
ǲȻֳһ벽ʥҲѪħⲫֱѰ·
һĵбһ̱ڵصķ֣˫ֱ硣
ȥȻԿں˫֮ϣ֪ʱѾһɫף
ʣһʵؼͣƷϳ˵ķĻҲֿȭֵĹǽΪΣ
ǡ
ǿƣƴҪվϧ˼ζûгɹ˫΢΢𣬿񣬳޾Ĳŭ
飡飡
ŷƺҪ˶ɵ񣬺΢΢°ͣȻСӣ𲻷Ĺǽҵħƽצǰֵһᣡ
ҵ⡮ħƽצǴʥĴڣֻһ㣬ͿȽ
˵ţ͵һȭͷһı
ֲɵϢһϣ˫֮У־ŭʲôһףȻǴʥѹ֣һ￴ҵĹǽд
֣ͬʱΪޡشϢ٣·ƴһϽҲҪһ˶ϡ
촽ĿͶ֮ϵĽơ
Ǻǣ˵Ž壬ֵܱ£һƣȻ鴫ֵܶ໥֮ͬ㣬ƺ
صɱ⼸һ֮Žһʹļףİգ
նĿ⾶ֱ߿е׽٣΢΢̣ʱŽһʧȥֵܵʹ
һˣеĺʱɣһɳֱǺǣĹżҵʥӼ񣬾˵ӵɲ壬Ǵ˵лĹʮĴڣܹҵҲˣ
Ϊ㣬Ҿҵľ֮һġħڡ˽
һЦ͵˫ֺʮӿ糱Ԫʱϵӿ֮У۳һֲ
ټ̺Űҵزţƺһ֣ܹ״ݻǳ
ס֣
ħ壬ֳ
͵ϮһڶɽٵʥӣʲôӢۺú
ϷҹݰΧȦУһʩչħڡȫ
Ϸҹţأһش߶ħڣڣռӦѣΪģһռҲƵص
ȣ
ٿأȫⱩ͹ȫά֮е򣬿˵Ǻ˫֣Ŵʥףһ˲䣬˫־ͻᱻʴһ̲ࡣ
дİԶħʥϷҹˣҲ֣׷֧ͣһʵĻ֡
ĸħʥǹرʶǫ̈̄һ
ϷҹˣǷҲƵسźķ˶ȥ
һ˫һԶԶӶݿһξ룬

ֻһȣ͵һ˫֣Ӵ͵һŴǣЯſ񱩵ԪԳž֮ϵ׽ϯȥ
֮ϣܲһӰ׵֮У֣ƴš
¡¡
ٿأƫеػ˽ƣһ춯صըԴ˿
ĽƣӦѣ޾ֶ£Ǭʳ޾Ƭ
顭
ռ䱬ѣ˻֮һƬң޾׽٣ͬһʱըѿΪĺԣ׽ٵƾ˺üǬըĿȫǣȥ˻ռ䣬еһȫѿع鱾ʡ
¡¡¡¡
֣
֣
Ϸҹֵ˵ңȫΪ֮һһѽѣ˫ѪضŸ߿ա
˷ɢɽ飬ʧɫΪ֮ҡΡ
һȦȦ

Ϸ͵ɫһ䣬һΣЩӸ߿еѪ˲ңƺҪ߻ħ
ҹһͷԵɳ֮У֮ϵһ͹ɲ
ɺѪ֮бһҹˣԡѪ

ϷòײȶڽҵѪ˽һԪɫһһ󣬡û뵽Ǵڹ˳ΧЩ߻ħ֪ڹĵشļ֣Ǽף
ҹ˫գϥȫһʱ䣬ǳ³һ
ȵ̧ͷٿ߿ɢʱ̾һɫ԰ֽ
֣һҪ
ҹ˫ֺʮĬĬš


877 ħ
ŽƵı飬޾׽ϯ£ض߰˰ˡ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ʧ١ıɢ
ʣµǼž
һļž
ϷҹֵעȫУȫѰżӰ
ǣΡƬգưܲҲһӰ
ζʲô
ζżʮа˾ڽƱһ˲䣬ˣ
ͻһĻϷҹˣϢһϣЩʹȥ
ܡӵɲ壬ô
һƬ֮ɫһʬ⡣
Ҹƴˡ
ɱ
Ϸ붫ҹһ״񣬷ҲƵնĺ
һϷеʥնУҪһƳգΡ
˭룬ûȿһɿ񱩵רʥ߷򣬾ϯѹȵϷԺ

͵ش߶ħƽצ֮бһֱֵϷһֻ֡
ϷҺһԵ˳ȥеʥֶɣ
ȥ
ҹѽѣһ֣ӳ˸ͽ廨
ţҹ͵طǰһ򵥴ֱȭߣÿһȭÿһţ̺ſ񱩵Ԫȭȭ⡣
飡
ռ䱬̶
̶ֳȵĹڸô
ĮŶҹ΢΢̣ǿһ׳ա
״Ķҹ͵һһĺһʱЩ޴㡭ôȫûˣ
Ŷҹһľ֮ɫɵһЦСӣҵǿȣ쾳ʥȭܹ˵ģ
ȭţҵϣʲô𣿡
һζҡҡͷ͵һһֱӱ˿ͬʱһ絶Ӱҹ
žһҹձصسһƣʱһֻͷ
˸һߵķݣֱɶ
ݺЦ
֣δ̤ħʥ磬һħʥӣ֮Ĳ࣬ô󡣿ϧһ̤ħʥ磬Щʥӣһ޶
˵ţ˻˻֡
˻⣬ʱŰ벽ʥǰϷҹ˸Χ
һƶ񻯣Ϸһȫʧȥ˷ʱһҧ͵һ˫ᣬವһΪһ⣬ԳԶȥ
ӣ
ۼֿ죬ವһƾʧһ̣ͻأĳڽ𻢵ǰһš˦ȣһ𻢸ߵ߹Ǵϣصص˳ȥ
ңһΣ˵ʲôҲܵģ
Ӱһӣ˽𻢵ǰɫЦζСӣµ㻹ǲԸ⽫׹黹ԭô
ɤͳ̺һĨв֮⡣
ǵǧֿ̽ĥȥˣ
ɺ촽
̫硣һŽɱÿ
Ȼһºʹɱ֣򶨵в
ʲôŽɱҪҺÿ
һЦȫɽµÿһ鼡ⶼҵز𻢣µѾΪȻв
ҡҡͷתͷħʥʹ˸ɫʱħʥǰһһţ𻢸زɳ֮Уá
ںӰӣ˷֡Ϸҹ˵ǰ͵һһֱֻӶס˷ֵĲ÷ֺǱ죬ƺҪѿ
˵Žںδ

ֱɫϺ죬ɫȴޱȣޣӲУҵùҪɱҪУϤ㣬ٸһףӾҲŽһϢ
˵ţ޵һĭĺǡ
ŭͷЩһ嶯֮£ͽֵͷ­󱬡
Сӣͷǣ
ĮһЦһһŷ֣Ϸ붫ҹǰһŽĲ֮Ļʹɱ֣󱬷ֵͷ­
Ϸ붫ҹϢһϣһ
֣б¾ͳ𶯷֡
Ը𱬵ϷʱֱţصħʥһŸ߷ڵء
ڶҹɫϣҧأһԡ
֣֣
̬ȼǧ˵ֵĲ֮ҾҲֵܣ


878 
֣
֣
ŷһģϷ붫ҹֹ촽˰ΣܵҪοּ䣬ֲ֪οڣ΢΢̾һͷĬ
Դӽ컯ɾϷҹ֡ˣѳΪֵܣиͬͬ
񣬺ƷֳףȻ
Ϸ붫ҹȻԸɥȪҲ޿κΡ˵Ƿ֣Ϸ붫ҹˣҲһ
ǲײĲˣ
ɫ࣬ʱ͵һƣ̺ŰԪֵХһԳŷֵԴ¡
һʵˣ·ֵͷ­һ˲ķѣһӦѣҲ֮һغ
ס֣
֡Ϸ붫ҹǲҺһɫǺ죬ѽѡ

˭룬ǧһ֮ʣһͻأı㴫˶Ĥ
һ̣Ϸ붫ҹ˫ʱ򣬾㵵طֲַûвⶾ֣ȴһһһŸ߷˳ȥ
ֻһصˤǧ׿⣬˲ɵڵأǱ
ţ
Ϸҹˣȫ˫һһ˼ǰһĻĿࡣ
ಣ
ٿأһͦν˶ӰƾճǰնͦǹХɣ˿٣һɱ硣
֣
Ǽ֣̫ˣ֣ûǸ󣬼࣡
һǰӰҹϷ־ϲ
ԭΪѾ׽֮һغûϵȻúúõġ
ңӼ״̬ǵûһ˿һˣڣƻ񱩣עĿǣ£һϣɢʥ
Ȼ˳ɹʥ׽٣ѾΪһԪĴڣ
λֵܣˣ
նһϲЦտֵܣͷɵһů
˵Ϸƴֵ׽֮ˡ񣬿Ϸҹˣðһɳŭ𣬵ʱڼͷ
ʲôһȻû
ԶĽ΢΢һһ㵵صնļһʱпѡ
֣˳Ϊʥˣ
Ϣٵ
ವһһ֮ͳ˼ö鵤ҩ˷ֵĿУһЦûңѾ˳ɹʥ׽٣Ϊһʥң׽֮Уרʵνһɳ죡
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪һΪҪΪУǣսֵܼͷĽҰա
ظĵ۱죬ħʥ˫ɱŽ
ͷ
Ϸ붫ҹһЦ
СӣȻ͵Ϯ
ɱ
ٿأħʥҲƵسż˶һ磬ɱڣƺҪһ˲䣬˺ĲƬ
ಣ
΢΢̣˷ȫԪһһʥͳ֮С
һ
͵һӼʥ֮УٿһĽɫâɳԳħʥɱȥ
ȣ
ҵ
İƣħʥ׷׳ֵֵһеİ벽ʥ̬ϵĻָȫת
ϣϣϣϣ
˭룬ֻһĽħʥеһҶۣ͵Ʒ˳ȥеİ벽ʥȫֶ䣬ڱѣѪ
ĿǣħʥĻ֣ҲǱӦѣľӣѳһƬ
ǳն
̷˼ö鵤ҩ֮ɫ࣬һʩչĽʱ˫һ
ʣʩչĽǡն
Ȼ˵ڡնҲֻƿһЩƤëǣʩչĽâȴȷʩչĽâҪö࣡
һ֮ħʥ
ȻһǾ̫ͣҲ̤Ԫ磬רʥ߷Ҳܹħʥ
ҡͷԣжϡ
ĳն֮Ҫ̺һɰʥڲԪҲӿ񱩡
Ҫﵽɱܼ򵥣ֻҪҲܹ̤Ԫͳɡ
Ԫ磬һǵ蹵һԽһء
Ϊ˵еɲ壬Ƕоˣ
죬ǸϽָƣһ֮
Ϸ붫ҹһЦ׷ͳ鵤ҩУʼһ̲ͣ


879 ڻ
Сӣ
ವһһѪɫħӰԷ˶ƾͣڼǰżϯİʥɵ΢΢˫զпû뵽ȻûҸеǣ㲻ո̤Ԫ磬һͻƣʥ쾳磡
Ϸҹһ˵ȣ־ϲضż
񣬷ǵɹΪʥһͻƣ̤ʥ쾳磿
һĺϢ
ƾʵҪѪħΪУδЩ
ЦһҲʵһִصķƾ۶ɣһīߣںȫ£ÿһƣ̺ſֲơ
ʱһɽİʥϯȫħ֣ƣ·Ҫһ㡣
źϯµĿֲʥϷҹֵˣȫɫ䣬һ٣Ѫˮӿ
Ѫħ
УɫƽɵζһЦأüͷҲʲôͷħֻۣҪðҵֵܣôҾһ㲻ú
˵ţڣһɫķƾ۶ɣ£һרڼİƣ̼ϯ
˾ǣͷŶİʥȻ޼γ˷֮ͥơ
Ҳú
ҡͷһЦ仰ǴŽĿ˵һӣϧֻǻĹʮɲˣ
ʵܷؼҶ־ұһδ֪
һ˫͵һգħƽצһ졣
ҵҪƾʲôҷͥ񣡡
˵ţʩչƾʧ١
ವһԭ뼧ǹսĺƾʧ١
ڳһ˵ȣȫΪ֮һ
⣬ʧˣ
һҧ
飡
ٿأӰƾճڼͬʱһ絶ıȣ͵سżԴ˹
ȣ
Ϊʥ֮󣬼ʶ񣬼ڵһʱ͵һ󳷣˫ȭӭǰȥ
飡
һ̣ӰЪ˹ɱһʱھ֮ϴ򶷣ʱصʱǧ￪⣬ʱߣȥذ±ɫǬΪ֮
ÿһȭÿһţ̺žԪױܺһǳ
δʥʿܹ󼰵Ĵڣ
̶ֳȵʥ߷򣬿һЩ쾳ʥߣδܹǷͥ񣡡
żϯİʥϷɵõһզп
΢΢ͷĿתضƴɱӰ
û뵽ɲڽԪ֮󣬾ȻҶĶ֣
ľ촽֧ŷ˫һûԶնӶȥ
뼧ˣûֵ壬Ϸһ˶ڽ˵һߣڻĹߡ
񣬼˳ס˺ǽܵľʱ
ţ
ҹĿһתԿûݵļ񣬲ɵþĽ𻢣Ȼ;ݣȻû׼ǹˣ֮ͬǰƴ
δ䣬ħʥͻΪ⣬ԳŽΧ˶ȥһΧ׷½֮󣬽𻢱ͷܣǱ»صԭء
׹
ŭһ͵ش߶׹ħʥ˼æӰһӣϷԣһϷλ֣ϿְգĻǵĴͲˣ
ϷһŽ𻢸߷ڵأݺݵһ䣬Ĺ֣ҹԶ㣡
ҹֳַ𻢵ɫҲһƬࡣ
ҡһʱᡣ
𻢣ʲôʱ˵ĵˣ
һҪ౰΢ж౰΢ģȻ䳰ȷ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ħʥٶȽϷһ˸Χ
ɱ
Ϸ˲𻢣æ߶ողϵɱ󣬵ʱһ쫷ϯһʱ䣬Уܡ
סֻҪܹսʤǾܹ˳
ȫأԪ
Ϸȳ
ҹ𻢵ʱȫأеϣȫ˼ϡ
߿УɱȻ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
ħצ
ֻһȣȫⱩ͹һͷçţһ㣬ƴسż˶ħƽצ˫֣ƴץͷųɱ
飡
ÿһצܹ˺ѿռ䣬Ƴ죡
ͣͣ
ȫֵȻУܿ죬šһѪ˺ѿʹ顣
ҿƷʣʥڽԪַ֮ɱ䣬ĻҪ˺ĲƬ
ã
ٿأ˫һ͵һеʥס˺˫צͬʱŤצһץಿλ


880 
һצƫеץںಿλڼî㾢׼һצ󱬵ʱ̣üĿһĻˡצȻû˳˺Ѻ
ֻһ죬צǧ꾫ޱȡ
ٺ٣ǰħǣ쳣Ҫֿȭ˺ҵѪ⣬Щ룡
żһһצɵЦһ
ô
һƣ͵һתŤֵ͡һ̣һĽâԴӼֵ֮ÿһâ̺Űʥ쳣ڳҵĻ֮УһͷŶ׾ٵؽѪ˺ˡ
飡
ָ䣬԰ټƵĽâ½˺˺ţ࣬ն˼ٿ⡣
ɫٿȻΪ֮䣬һһΣʱһֻߵķݣԴӸ߿׹
ն
һ֣͵һ֣ʥлİԪʱȼգԳźȥ
͡
ɫĽâƳգգ۾ͽһΪնΪΣ
ХѪ귭ɣ
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬸ղŻһˣ˲ͷֳ˸ߵ𱰡
Ϸҹֵˣȫ־ϲ̧ͷ߿գĻŭš
ħʥϢһϣɫ԰ֽ΢Ƭ̣ҲƵسżķ˶ȥһצƺҪѩޡ
۵
񸩳£лʥһ˷ͽ˸½˳ȥ
Ȼ˵ħʥҲʳ׿۸츳ȻĹҵʥӲ
ǣӵɲļȻѷһ
ಣ
һɰʥʱֶ£ͬʱ͵һӴ֣һɰʱϷҹ˸ס
𷴿ͽҵıУһҲͲ֮ˡ
һȫӶݣҲ÷ֳǣ

ԣϷҹֲ
֣㲻Ѿɱ˺ôʣµϺзӦҲĶְգβ罫ħһ򾡣
Ը𱬵Ϸѯʡ
񲻽ҡͷЦҸûɱǸһʵɲ⣬оеûʩչղֻץסһ˳ƽشǣҪһٽɱԶ
ԣΪ˱׼Ӷݣɽڲûգ
һ̼
δ䣬Ϸҹ־ɫһΪ֮һ
ûϵ˳Ϊʥļ񣬶ûаսһɱ
£ҲٷɼһУ˸˱С
ʱӰƾʧ
ɲ壬뽫Ҳ뱦Уˣ
һ׼ݣʱæҵɫһһ
Ǽˣô𻢽Ҳûʱ򣬺ʹɱ֣𻢽Ҳûз֮
㣿
תͷбһ۽𻢣ɵñһǺǣû뵽Ȼ컯ɾ㣬ԩ·խϧˮݣƾʲôҪ㣿
𻢵ֶԹ𣬼񲻽޵
˵ʵ񿴵𻢣ûʹɱ֣ɱѾ御ˣ˭룬𻢾Ȼüһ
֣ǰҵĴϣ˲С˹һ·ɣ
Ҹͷлˣ
𻢱ΣһڵأظߵԴڵϣҵ
һĻ뼧Уɵ΢΢һ
ɴţۣߵĽ𻢣ͷһʶһ
ǸҫһĽ𻢣Ȼؿͷˣ
ǽţ

û뵽Ҳн죡
һĵظŽ𻢣ǳ죬ǲмٿأӹһתƺʲôͷʱһУٿһɾ糯Žȥ
̬ϣҴдʱȾһ
һƣ͵һӣֱӽҲ˱֮С
Хƽԭ֮ϣʱֻʣ¼һӰ
ɱ
ǧСˣ
ħʥ·ɶһҧƴż˶
ಣ
Цһʱȫ߶ԪΪһ⣬ԳԶӶݶȥ
ֻһƿת֮䣬ʧ֮С
ħʥһ󣬲и
ͬʱһӴ߱һΪ壬һεԪĴ߶£𽥺϶Ϊһ޸һõ塣
ǺǣСɲˣ
ȻܹҲնҵˣ˵ʲôҪֻ
СӣܱƵʩչƣҲˣ
شĺǵûһ˿һľŭڣ֮ϣ¶һĨϲɫ
ƺôһǿĶ֣úеǳܣ


881 ƽ
ಣ
ٿأһ˶ţѪӰӵص֮ڿնȫ½Ⱪ͹ʾ
Ǻǣӣûôף
Ŀһһ۾ͷӶԶյļ񣬵ʱһЦһӣһһħƳٻ˳
ħƳ棬Ϣ
˵ţᲽԳżķ׷ɱȥ

ħƳĺУһĹֽܿ˼Ϣʼ
ಣಣ
ûһ⣬һ̲ͣ׷ɱȥ

ͬʱıС
Ϸҹˣһ뱦磬һ棬һĿת̽żı硣
Ԫ磬ոר磬ԣ绹ȽưܣƻǬȥһƬɣûһֲûһֻޣȫǻһƬռ䡣
ˣϷҹֵˣҲѾΪۡ
ȻֳԪ磬ǣȻ˱磬γһƬأĽ
Ϸ˫˸˸Ź⡣
֣Ʋأץʱ޸ƣȡֵַһЩѹ
ҹһ̼ͣشߴϷ
Ϸ˵ͷϥʼϢ
һ֡ҹϷ͸ѡһƬյأʼ
ಣ
ٿأһӰƾճ˵ǰ̧ͷȥȻհ׹Ľ𻢡
ţ
ϷɵüͷһһȵضŽ𻢣ôˣ
֡ҹҲһصϷʮֲ졣
üͷһ壬û뵽Լ˲ܴϷҹ뼧ĹϵЦλĪҪ֣Ǽ񲻼ǰӣʴ壬һ
ʲôǼģ
üͷһЩһʼ뼧
֣ΪҪȽ࣬㲻֪ħҲû֮ݡ
ַ߷߲ѡ
˵úҪ֣ͬɱħ塣ʵֻǵؽǵ˵ƣ
Ϸ޵Һ޲ýңΪҪ
ȫ·Ϸֵɵ΢΢һЦӦ
ʱУ˼ɤ
˭˵ҪȽˣ
ֻ𻢣Ϊڽ̵ʥӣŰݣǰֺãһʱһѰˣ
˵赭д
δ䣬𻢵ʱ৵һ԰ֽ
Ϸҹ˻񣬲һʱĶˡ
Ӵûգýڽ̵ʥӣȻ˹ؿͷˣЦ
ַЦĽ𻢺޲һطȥ
ˣ涪ˣԭΪܹ컯ɾʥӣѪйжû뵽Ȼ󱲶УǸ嶪ˣ
ҹݺݵһڣĭĽǡ
𻢣
Ϸҡڵߵ˽ǰǰţ壬ҪҪֶôôͷԣڹһˣ
㲻ϲͷôүүҲĸͷģүүԲǮ
ϷһЦ
һΣһɰŭڶϷһЦģ޲ǰȥ̻
Ӵôţ
Ϸһ𻢷ǵͷһɷĵԼʱŭӿ˦һƳ˽𻢵֮ϣžһýһΣЩˤڵء
ת۾ͺ
㡭ҳҶ⣿
𻢷߷ߵ̧ͷһԹصϷ
ʿ˵⣬ͨˣȴǼΪ
ĸĽ𻢣Ϸ˦ֳһǶ⣬ʱɱ˵Ķˡ
ǺǣΪʲôҳ⣿
ϷüͷһЦøãһһڽ𻢵ĸ侶߷˳ȥ
ಣ
ͬʱһΣһŲڽ𻢵Դ֮ϣЦνʶʱΪܣ㻢ƽӦüβˣҪǲͻְ
ϷһƵŽ𻢡
һܵҪ֣һڼıУʱųͷĬ
ʣڼıУеķȫƿڼ֮УƬصֻҪԸ⣬ȫԺɱ𻢣ɱ𻢣Ҫǧٱ
ΪˣȻ裬Ҳһ֡
ţϽ׹׳ĻǷˣ
ʱ򣬽ĹǻҴڽ̣
ϷвĿתڽ֮еһŰ׹ϡ
ɫ䣬˫΢΢һʱǧӡ
һ̣׼Ϊʲôͬ⽫뱦ˣ


882 ǽ
ԭ֮ԴӦԮ뱦УһʱҪһ
ҪƾŷȽ𻢽׹׳
ҽ׹׳
𻢸ҧѽѣޣҿӶôõʱ䣬ٴһߣδ⣬ĸԸٶԪҪȫػ׹񣬾ƾһ仰ҹԹԽ׹ã
һˣ𻢲ЦϷҪмһˡ
ȣ
ֻһȣ͵һԴϷĽ˳ͬʱȫ߸͹һɿ񱩵Ԫܡ
ӴĪҪ֣
ŭĽ𻢣Ϸ˫ֱأһ޿֡
ҽ׹ãûпܣ
ϡ
ԣϷɵüͷһ𻢵˲˲٣СӣΪڹôͿԺаԵ˼ɣӣ׼ײĲˣȻˣͱĺˣ
˵ţϷ͵һеʥ׼֣ͬʱһ뼧н̴֣߶𻢣Ҫý𻢳ʲô
¡¡
䣬һεķʱӿ糱ֱӽ𻢵
ʱһΣƾӶ̶֮Уٻͬţ
޳ܣ
εķ𻢵ɫ৵һ±ò԰ֽϷ񣬶ʱ絶޲ǰȥ̻
ҿողԪ磬ҲδȫΡĻܵӿֲ
ͣ
Ϸ͵һʥһĽâ˺ѽ𻢵ţѪⷴתѪ졣
Ľ𻢣ȻɱڣҪûпܣ
ס֣
Σδ׷ɱǾҪû٣Ҳ˳Σ˵գ
ѽѣ˵ˣ׹ǰ벽ıҾнڲѪ֮񣬽׳Ҳ޷ڶʱڽУ
ҿȽ׹ҵУʵ˵λһ֮
ɫҰס
ǺǣһЦƾʵںǰֵһᣬ˵ɱˣܲϺѾǲˡ
ϷһƲЦеʥһ̲ͣٶȻ裬һΣ̺ŰԪʥԳŽ𻢵ԴһУ𻢽֮ݡ
ҴӦ
ҴӦ׹׳ô
ǧһ֮ʣȻ£ʱ˲١
ϷҹˣɵһЦ
νʶʱΪܣҹȻûп㣡
ڣĨȥ׹ڲѪ֮񣬽׳
ϷȲشߴ˫ֲͣش궯š
ɫ࣬ӰһתУȵó
ϷһЦذ˰֣޷üָ㳷ռ
˵ţϷ뼧ʶ
¡¡
һ̣ڽķʱ١𻢣Ҳָ֮
Ϸ޿ֵ񣬽𻢸һҧ͵һĨ׹еѪ֮Ĩˡ
ʱԭİ׹ʱð޹⣬Ϊ֮
죬׹ң
Ϸߴٵ
Ű޹İ׹һЦϷһԮɲ壬ҾҪ׹׳ҲӦø㣬Ҫ׸ɲ壡ʲô⣿
ŽһмģϷɵϢһϣͷ͹Ҫ֡
˭룬ವһ𻢵ƾʧ١
ţ
ϷһգɵΪ֮һأ
ҹ֣Ҳһ
ǸһĪǴӱӳȥˣ
¶һĨŵɫ
ҹҲɫһ䣬ħʥȫ׷ɱǳȥʮΣĪҪô
̼䣬ϷҹˣһӣɫϾ
֣
ϷȫӶݵļ񱣳ϵһ½𻢵λãӱгˣ
ಣ
ƵƽԭϿգȫȼѪɶݣٿأһ˫ӰƾճڼԣȻһŭĽ𻢡
ʱһЦ⣬һö޹İ׹ضżֱüë
𻢣콫׹׸ңȻұ㽫뱦УģҵٶȣǺһˣһʱ׷

һЦ΢΢˫񣬾ƾҲӳħצδҲ̫ˣ
㲻Ҫ׹ôãҾͽ׹׳бУ
˵ţ͵һ󣬰׹ʱΪһ⣬Գ෴ķȥ


883 Ʒ
ʲô㽫׹ӳȥˣ
һ͵ͣ˷У˫΢΢һű׷ɵİ׹
ʱûһ˿һĳɣ㻯Ϊһ⣬ƶһ㣬͵سŰ׹Ӷȥ֮УһɰϯȻҪһٽ׹֮С
ҵİ׹ѾӸˣӽ֮ĶԹ𣬽һʹ
𻢳ż׷ɱĺһʱ˫һѡһȻͬķȫӡ
ɲǼ䣬ӰͷʣΪһСڵ㡣
ţ
ǰ׹
ȫ˶һӭı⣬ʱ΢΢˫ɫһ䣬жӭǰ׹ʱɵ˫һʱ͵٣״һ˰׹
СӣͷȻ׹
ôң
Ц͵˺
ͬʱһīӰԴӺһӶ˰׹

ȥȻһħƳ棬зһĹŹֽ
̼䣬ϯİʥħƳͷŶʥһ糱ӿһ㣬һκˣҪƷ˳ȥ
ϯİƣҧأƴسŰ׹Ӷȥ֮еγһС͵쫷磬һ׹粽á

ٿأ񱬺һȫ߶ڵʥױ
¡¡¡¡
ʱһ׳ķڼɢɽ⣬ȥͺһɱ˲
顭
޾ʥڿռײһɽѰı˻±ɫ
УϷҹˣһҽš
ٿأһҡػΣһռѷ˺ѿ޾˷ϯŵϷҹ˷׷׳ſ֣ɫΪ֮һ
⣬ʲôˣ
ϷȻһ
죬ɢ̽״ִߴһ
£Ϸҹˣ׷ɢӱϯ̽״
ಫȫ׹һĻϷһ̣Ľ𻢣Ȼð׹ΪնסӶӳ죡
ֱҧ𻢣Ǳ޳ܣȻǵնºˣȴ֮ززָ֮
֪ڱоͽǸǧˣ
ҹ߷߲ѡ
һ̣˵עȫ۽˰׹֮ϡҪӺħƳǰȡ׹ֱȡһ֪
ҹ
ֻһƽըװı͵ش߶ʥżѹ
ħƳ湾ֽţͷŶİʥ˲һΣ
ҿҪֲסˡ
ɽİʥҵѹڲظƱκƷɵһҶۣԵ˳ȥǴϣѪ
֣
֣
һҡػΣϷҹˣһ̼ؾ
ݺЦ
Ԫ˵ļ񣬺ЦһУһɰϯͽ׹֮С

ħƳ濺ܵػںǰйֽиͣ
Ȼһ̣úĿһĻǳˡеİ׹âȻһƷ
ö׹Ȼһðƻ
Ű׹Ϣһ˲Ͳ쳣æֽ׹Ļȥţһط֣Ѿȡİ׹ȻֻһҹһƷ
Ľ𻢣ȻһðƻϷˣǣ
ҾԲŹģ
͵һ߬ȭͷߴԵħƳ棬죬𻢵Ϣ׷ǰȥ

ħƳӰһΣԳԶʵĽ𻢷˶ȥϵĻħʥ
ʲôö׹һƷ
֮Ԫ˵ļһ˵ȡİ׹Ʒʱ־ŭڽ𻢵ﵽ˼㣡
ʣ𻢵ļթƻȻ˼
ಣಣ
Ϊ𻢲ûʩչȼѪɶݵĽٶȲ죬ʱ䣬ħƳħʥ׾ٵ׷˽𻢣
ɱ
ˣɲҪ׹ҲҪնɱ
Ű벽ʥħʥһɱڵسŽ𻢿ɱȥΪû˹˼ɣɱ׺ݲ̣
һ쵶⽣ӰҡػΣɽѡ
ã
쵶⽣Ӱ𻢲ŭЦٿһھѪûһѪ˵˲䱻Ѫ֣ûħʥһѪѣһֻֻԼĪƴСĽ񣬱㾶Գ˷Ӷݶȥ


884 
ণণণ
԰ټƵĽڣһΣͷһԳ˷Ӷݶȥ
ãʩչҪɢǵע
ɱһ
ĽħʥֽŵʱһңһΧ׷½أɱ·Ľڣһɣͱڸˡ
ͣͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ʱ쵶⽣Ӱ˻ҡػΡ
ÿһĽâ˲仮Ƴգնɱڽʱࣵһˣ͵һ˿
ţǻӰ
ħһݣʱǧҪмƣⲻǱֻǻӰԣעɱ̸ҵɱ⣡
һ˵ӶݵĽǻӰħʥʱȫͷɱУǽڵԪ۳һ˳˷ϯƺҪһ򾡣
顭
ʱ԰ټƵĽڰ˳֮£½ѿΪһѪ˲ɢ١
һ˵Ϊ֡
һǻӰҪǻû뱾һģһĻӰ̬Ϣ뱾һޣӶԻˣѱ٣̶ڻ
˱֮⣬ӰûжսģһεĴڡ
ǣһˣôΡĻӰҲʧȥԻá
һ֣ǱַӰԵĲ𣬱ǽԪֻǧȷݣֻҪһ˳ӶݣôܹӲдش˵һʩչַôеķͶǱһ֣û֮˵
񣬽𻢻ûǧڣȻһֻӰȻǻӰô轫еķȫնɱֻҵͿԼлˡ
顭
ԼĪһյʱ䣬еĽȫնɱûһ˳ѡ
ϧ˾ȵǣնɱз֮Ȼûҵڵ
⣬мˣ𻢵ıѣЩֻǵն
ħ͵һȭͷĿԶգĶһӰ
Х紵ݵͻ죬ħγƬ̣֮£ֻԭ·ء
ۿһ˵ȻнնɱɵĿ˸˸

ħιǰҾܣûҵ𻢵ˣ
ɵɫһһ
ʲô𻢸ˣ
һҧӺһת΢΢̾Ϣһ𻢼թƻ׷ɱУѾ̣ûϵıƣ
͵һȭͷĿ⾶ͶħƳ棬ħƳ棬ܹѭŽ𻢵ϢӴܵķ𣿡
ħƳ湾ֽ˼Ȼ
ţ֣𻢵Ϣڰ;оʧˣ
ôܣ
ħƳɵĿࡣ
ûϵ𻢵ϢȻ·ʧ
Ҫֻ֪Ҫڷ֮УԪתôϢͲȫأֻҪ¶һϢôħƳƾܹѭϢŨһ·׷ɱǰ
˭룬𻢵ϢȻƾʧˡ
ѹֽ𻢵õܵĻᣬҲȼѪɶݣǹٶȣǰ׷ɱԭȦףѶ߾ˡ
ħθеǳź
ûпܣ
Ȼҡҡͷ𻢵ĶϳѾĹ⣬Ҫ˶̵ʱڣӳǵߣʩչȼѪɶݡһ̫󣬻ħƳϢһѪľ룡
ԣûжϴĻǸ飬ӦøûߣϢڸ
ı㣬ӺһתжϣţĿ磬ڻƽԭ֮һȦ
Ƭ̺Ȼ̾Ϣûʲô̫ķ֡
Ȼ˵пܲûߣǣҪⷽԲǧĻƽԭ֮УεĽҳҲôס
ңħƳ涼ʧ˽𻢵Ϣȫä
ţ⸽
̷˼ö鵤ҩڻָһЩԪɫҲúÿһЩ
һ˵𻢲ûԶʱĿԶڻƽԭ֮ߣϧХľïʢҪҵһڴ롣
ԼĪ￪һƬïʢľУһƬʯҵضѵһ˭ûϵǣһһߵʯǽ𻢻ûɡ
ٺ٣ҿһ£ȻƷʲߣȴڲ˵ϢܹĻûɫ̶Ϣ󻷾֮СֻҪҹرʮëףϢǺһˣҪҵңôף
𻢰һЦüͷһҵĶϳȻľԪޣҪԼʩչȼѪɶˡ
ڣҾ͵żһһл֪֮زز
𻢵Ŀ⣬Ͷ˺ķֻź뼧һĴսȵԹ˲Ͼʱ򣬾ǽȻӶݵʱ̡


885 ͵ǳ
ಣಣಣ
ٿأϷҹˣӱоԷӶ˼ԣһֳַɫϾ
ôˣ
һæߴٵ뱦УĿǰʵ⣡
֡
Ӳ԰ֽЦȻмְսʤ
ɵϢһϡ
ȷ
ȻѾΪԪ֣ǣҪսʤҲסңԣħʥΪ֣ʥ쾳ħƳ˵ûʲôᡣ
ȻҲô纨սɳ
߳жξһ
Դֵ̣һᣡ
Ϸҹ͵һʥ
˫һһɺƾ˫֮о壬ãֵǣǱͷ­Ѫս
ɱ
ɱ
˵ţһȣ״һ˺
֪Ĺ
һһΣʱԭʧ
һ̣ıȣֱӽ߷˳ȥûͣ٣ٶȷһȭںԴϣ鱬졣
ͬʱҲսѹϷҹˣսִһʼͳֳһߵ̬ơ
ħƳ棬עΧĶһз紵ݶǰȥҿǸһ϶ŻӣԲóѣ
ħƳ氲һ

ʱħƳ滯Ϊһ⣬ڸ߿ߣĿŷԲǧĻƽԭ
ԼĪ￪ĵطûһʯĽ𻢣ҧģȻħƳڣ϶ߣϧ˵ʵúѱĻ˲ң
Ǻ׾پͽһ˸նɱˣô϶е̺ʽѰҵ£ȻܹڸϢȴûʲôһ⵽Ԫ϶һغ
л̼
ٿأһӰԶһ⣬ʯ֮䣬ڽ𻢵֮У𻢿ʱɳԾСȻŽ壡
һϮɫۣ˿ٵףЩ
ಣ
һ̲ͣŲתƷԳźķ˶ȥͬʱһըװıϯ죡
ס֡
ʩչӡ֮䣬ͼսȦ

ħƳһףʱŵֱ£ȻɱӲ֣Щ¡
˭
͵һ߿ĿһԿס
Ϸҹ֣һ˲䣬ȫ־ϲ׷׷ǰǰ
֣˳ˣ
֣ôҵģ
֡Ϸҹһѯ
΢΢һЦһ֮ǰոճأһؾ˵ֳȥɽˡ
ԣƸׯ˴˶ɽٵλã͸Ϲˣ
Ŀһתȫŷļ񣬡֣ף˳ΪʥߣƣӦòֹʥһ쾳գ
żϯİƣ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ҽ̤ʥ߶쾳磡
Цͷ
׵ͷһЦããΪɲ壬ûʧ
ٿأɫһ䣬˫ضһħʥüͷ˲壬ֻǣûϵǣȻаħ鷳
˵ţһɰɱ⣬Դ׵ڳ
ԭׯƸһǵȥˣ
éٿ
Ȼ˵Ƹׯûͬǣɽٵʱ򣬽ܲգׯƸֻҪӱгܹܿжϳɽٵķ
ԣƸׯ˴ɽٵλʱ׾پָ˷λ
Ž壿
΢΢Ӽ˵ĽУױж׵ݣʱһɰɱȻǺǺǣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡽գҾҪҵĵܵܺӲѩޣ
˵ţ͵һȭͷ졣
ţ
һЩźǺӲĸ磿
ۿһãȻҹԼؽе˵һ顣
ܿ죬׾ͻȻص˵ͷԭǺӲĸ磬ųѪħħսеĴڡ
ң˳̤Ԫ磬Ϊħʥ
üͷһζһЦϧƾʵңȻֻ·һ
ģܿҾͻӲžˣ
ɫƽ˵һȻ顣
ʲôҲĶ֣
ǷôĿ
һЦЦǰϣŽ壬ȻڻĹʮеһǣֻа벽Ԫ磬ҲսʤңδЩ룡
Цһ˶ֽţЦҵҪʲôţ
ԭΪ׶ѾΪʥЩɵûϵ׾Ȼֻа벽Ԫ硣
˿׵ʵʮа˾Ż缧ȻᱻųѪħĺ


886 һ
ȥŽͷ­
ָһħΣԸ
ħӦŵʱǰƶһ㣬״س׷˶ȥ
¡¡
ͬʱһɰʥɽ糱ҲƵسѹȶ
Ӱǵأ֯һһ֣Ҫء
˵ħһȫսȻ׼ͽ׸նɱˡ
֮ǰħβѣնɱŽ壬Ǵľѻᣬ˵ʲôҲԸ
Сģ
֣
Ϸҹֵˣȫ
΢΢һЦżֵܰ˰֣ȰԱ飬ȫҾͳˣ
˵ţԪĵһɰɫѪӿƾγһƬ󺣣硣
һһһʥ罣֮С
罣𵴣һʥϯħεʥ໥⣬ȫ·硣
ߣȶ㿪
ɫǺشߴٵϺȣ
Ϸҹˣûʲôԥ׷ӦŵһӰӣԷɳԶͣ½Ųһеض˲Ϣս
׵ʵֵȻһȻ˵ֻа벽Ԫ磬Դˡ֮սһɳ죬Ѱʥܹ俹ġ
ã
ݺЦ
͵һ罣һ޾ĽɫѪ˲ӿ罣У͵سħȥ
ϡ
ħλ벽ʥȫֵֻһĽһɿ񱩵ľЯſ񱩵ʥֱϯ죬ħθ˳ȥ
ۡħһΣֱӵɳԶвϵѪһǱסΡ
һֻа벽Ԫ磬ȴӲӲȻħʥҪѷһ
ħһľ֮ɫ
˫ֱأһ°ȻعĦսһħΣǵûһ˿һľŭһƣ΢΢ͷΪ˵еŽ壬Ȼӣ̶ֻȣҪɱܣܣ
һˣʱûԥħʥ˻֣ҲսҪսپ
ĿķǳȷҪ׽չֳӶ׵ĵϸ


ʱʣµħʥһͦǰԪӿɱڡ
ţҪô
ϣʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ǻǣδڶûչ¶žһģҲڻ£
һЦο
ҹϷͷĵ١
ɱ
ɱ
ٿأħʥҲƵس׷˶ֽȻͬʥ˲һѹؿռŤ˻ƺҪһ˲佫׸ʱѷ֮С
Ŷͷѹµİƣײɵ΢΢һǷӣǹž޲ֻһھѪʱͬˮһҵطӿ
ԴƿˡХط֮󣬻ûʵսţСһ
һˣ͵һһӳ
𡭡
ʱһƽըװĻХͷĤ֮УԶ޳ֺǧսŵħʥһ𣬶Ϊ֮һ١
ԶĺҲϢһϣ˫Ϊ֮һЩſһѪ
ʲôطȻ˿ֲܹһ˲˵ֻ꣬ɢĻþ
ҴսȦ֮ⶼܲЩЩ֧Ųס
һ
ԭײмһ˵ģ̼ɢ٣ȡ֮һϾ֮ɫ
ȻȻֻа벽Ԫ磬ʵʵȴ춯أС
ಣ
ǧһ֮ʣӰһΣ̤ӡһ⣬˲ˡ
ն
ֻһȣһһɫĽâ̼罣â쳣һɳɫ֮Уһƿвһ㣬׾ٵؾͽĸħʥһΪ

ʱѪ裬˵ڤ֮С
ء
ҵˡ
ǡ
ȵ˻ָжһ۵໲ҺɫŤԭɱڣƺҪ˶ɵ̬̼ʧ١
ȥ˺һֻֻɥȮæҵؿʼ޸أĶʮİħ壿
׵罣ն˫΢΢𣬿ҲһƬеˣǽĿ⣬Ͷ˺һԱ֮⣬ӿ
ģҿʲô־ȻһغϣնĴħʥδҲ̫ˣ
ҹϢһϣǿһ
֪ʵǷӵŲѷɫɼҷطûϵȻ˵Ŀֲ
ϷϢһϡ
ʲôʲôʱѧĳնȻҵĽҪʤһ
Ŀࡣ


887 
һֱΪǡ롶ɳûϰնԣһʩչնʱȲѡ
÷ָе㵵ǣʩչĽ֮ǿרޡնķֻҪһ
һʲô
Ҫ֪׵Ҫȫڡϣɳûжʱն˭룬ʩչĽȻҪڷ֮ϣ
ûĹҵʥӣеǳľɥʧ䡣
֣Ҳûʲô
һЦʵ㣬֮ǰԿšնĹ飬ϴʱϴһʱ䣬ȵնʱѳ˳նŰ塣
ֲɵĿࡣ
˵Ϊ˳򡶳նŰ壬Ǻķ˲ٵʱ䣬ףȻ֪ؾƿŰ壿
ܣֻƿŰ壬ΪʩչĽһҪӿֲ
΢˼һʱԴҡǲ˹һ㡣
ˬһЦķֵļοҲûʲôֵģȻϴڽϵ㣬ǣϴԪǿȣеķƷʣҪѹһԣۺ϶ԣϴʩչĳնҪǿҲûʲôֵġ
ңڳΪʥ֮󣬵ĽҲҪһ
һ
һ΢΢̾Ϣ
ȷ
ǵ۶ڽĴĦ򣬿նļף֡
ǣǼ񣬻ףʩչĽҪڷ֮ϣԭǶ෽ġ
ȣ۾ΪѪԪǿȣסҪһء
⣬еķʥֵıȴһ벽ʥοĹǽѾΪΣǴǰ
ҪܹΪʥߣٵõһʥҲϹֻۣ۰Ͱ͵ֹ¾սˣ
̾Ϣһ
ԼĪʮʱ䣬½޸һ׵ƺҪ˶ɡ
һеİ벽ʥȴҲǰһ
ȻĴħʥ׶Ϊɵ
ȻǾΪӵžԵơһغ֮䣬Ѿֳ˸ߵ𱰣ս
ʥ˵ĴħʥǼΪֲĴڣǣǰһնɱĸħʥ׿ƿвˣնɱ߹ûбʵĲ
˻ִԲóȻףӭǵģǸײѪȵһĻ
ĸҷҹ
ٿһ֮ɫ
һƬ֮ڴͷɥưܼ֮ȮһȻ˺ԣǼĬ
˵ĸħʥڰħ֮УҲ츳׿֮ҲᱻӼ徫
˭룬һδʥʥǰȻ˵Ĳһ˵һĴܴ޷⿪ħΪʮа˾ŽҲȡý

ںԵħƳ棬Щ겻طһŹֵĽ
һŽ壬ΪĹʮеһĴڣȻͬ죬֮ǰҵСˡ
ڣһĸУ
ɺѪ촽ааһЦವһƾʧ١
ţ
һæɢʶ˷
ٿأһӱ֮ϯƤĤë
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵һš壬ͬʱһǵȺһաֱӳķȥ

ֻһƵײ׵ıȣĲߣصײһƻײ򣬴ʮ㣬ֱ𵴣䡣
񱩵ľ֮䱬俪ֱӽ˸˳ȥ
ǡ
ţһƱӣž졣
Х̳죬Զ˵ɫЩǺ췢ϡ
ţ
ԶķüͷһΪ֮һ֪˭ȹǶˣ
֣һغϣ˭ռϷ磿
ϷΪ
ҹһãȻ΢΢ҡͷ˵˵
ͬʱ￪ĵط£ûһʯĽ𻢣һĿضԶеļսҽɫΪӡ
ŽС֣ʲôʱ˿ֲˣ
Ȼͽħʥˣֱ̫ˣ
Ž컯ɾ֮Уǵõ˷ǳĻԵˣĻԲ
𻢰ҧΪɥĿǰ״սʤǳغ֮ڣͻȫܣ
ɶ񡭡
ҶҪ˳ȡĻԵһٳԽŽ壡ĻҴ컯ɾҴȵʮԼսһҲرŽնɱʱ򣬽ڽ̵Ҳװܻ
𻢰ҧ͵߬ȭͷһɲ֮Ȼ


888 Ψ첻
Ƶ̳죬ƽԭ֮ϣһ㱡ƻãУɾ츮ƮƮȻɵܡ
ϧڶеȴȫûָܡ
СӣûϵǿȣȻܹᲢۣ
ɫǺ죬Ƭ֮³һ
ͬʱһǿԪϯ֮ϣһѵȹǾѾ޸ȫ
ò˵ȺӲˣ
һƣӦƾǿǣܹ˵ģͷһ
˵ţһȭţ˫֮һɳȵս⡣
ƺһܹ࿹Ķ֣׷ǳ˷ܡ

ɫѪ͵ӿ׵֮Уһž׶˶ȣɭ
һغϣܾˣƽ֣
ף˭ҲûռϷ磡
֡ϷҹһˣһĿһĻɫӡ
ƾǣܹԣҪֿ֪Ž壬Ǵ˵лĹʮеһĴڣûǿϣܹͥǵһ
־
ϷԴҡһ˹ģ̱ȻͬĹ۵㣬ȻǿҪһ
ҹ˵Ŀ⣬ȫתƵϷϣȴϷĻ
Ȼֻа벽Ԫ磬Ѿ̤ʥ߾磬ڲԵȵ״£˵޼ǵȵֳΪʥôǣҪѷɫ١
Ϸĵͷͷǵ
ҹͬص˵ͷ˵ûʵϣΪڵµ£ǿȣҲŲСĲ࡭
һ٣ûȷʣҹɤӣǧҪˣֻûбϽ۸ٻأ
һ˵Ͻۣ֡Ϸ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ȷ
Դԡ˱˪ľѪ֮󣬾һϽۣޱȣһٻ鲼ȫô׵ǿȣ˲һΣʥƷ
ײûнϽŵƸ̯Ѿƽ֣һٻϽۣصǿȣֳȫѹԵơ
ڷһ۷׷֮ʣЦϯƮɢ

Ž壬֪ܹħս֮еƾʲôô
һζбףһͷ׵ĸ򣬡ƾҵٶȣ
ಣ
˵䣬һΣԻΪһ⣬׷˶
УһӰӡ
ţ
Ȼһæֵֵ
顭
һ̣ȭӰӰצӰǵأƺһ˲Ҫ׸УɱǧƬ
ʲôֱδҲֲ̫ˣ
׻е罣ƴֵʱһϵĽһʼǿмܣܿ죬ͽ֧ȫ£һĿĵ˿˺ѿƤⷭתĿġ
ۡ
ʱ䣬һ㻤֣Ӧѣͬʱ׾ͺһֻ߷ɵɳصصɶһ֮У̳
֣
֣
ԶİУϷҹˣһѽѡ
ಡ
αӣһֻӥ׵ķ򣬡λȥ
תۼ䣬Ӱ׵ǰֽ˵׸
֣оô
ȫѪף촽ֱ£޲ǰȥʬΡ
Ǻǣʹ죡
˭룬ſ֮󣬾Ȼ˵һ仰ڴһսѾܾˡ

˵䣬񱩵ĽɫѪȻ׵Ƥ֮תһĿĵ˿ڣʼۿӵٶȣɿ޸ţһ˵ףȫָ
һһ󾢷ϯõɫֱӳűʱӾеļȫ¶˵֮£ֻһ̿ף˿٣˫絶һɱ׼Ѫ
֣㡭
һܵģ죬һľŹ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦ˰֣֣ĪҪš̶ֳȵĹƣԽһ壬һͻῴʵ
׼ᶨĿ⣬΢Ƭ̣ڵ˵ͷηӣ»صϷֵһ˵ԡ
ףϷ֡ҹˣҪػ
ôڣҿ쿪ʼսˡ
΢΢̧ͷаабһۺ


889 ֿȭ
ţ
ɵΪ֮һһŹֵضףǿһ׳һ
׾Ȼ˵ղŵսֻ
ǷôĿ
ǺǣСӣͷҿڳԣҵҪƣеķܹҵħƽצ֧֮Ŷã
һƣŲתҪףǧһ֮ʣױһţ
һ٣üͷ壬һõضס
΢΢һЦĿں˫֮ϣףԭСħƽצûжϴĻӦһʥô
һЦΪȻ°ͣ˵ͷûҵıȷǴʥȻ˵һʥӣܹӵһʥѾǳˡǣұҪһΣ
˵ţ͵һ˫֣һ죬񱩵Ԫ˲佫ռ伷ѹ󱬣һը
źһģײΪƲƲ죬һУֱӽ罣ǬУ֣ЦǺǣһʥҪɱŽ壬»һΡգұֿȭһ
ţ
ɵһһףĿ¶ɻ
ں罣ҲĶ֣Ƕʥ罣ƱظӲһˡ
ûϵ׻
Ǻǣ׼ƹˤԱˣ
ϧɱҵĶܣΣҶģ
һЦٶȷǰʱһĲӰӡȥɽҰǺĲӰֱ治ĸ
𡭡
ʮ𼱵ĵڣնȻֻһХƾ׵ϯ̼䣬˻ҡػΣһͷϹھѡ
顭
ͬʱ񱩵ĽɫѪҲƵӿ׵֮У糱ӿȣһ׾ȫɽ֮У˵嶼ý˶
ţ
ʲô
һ٣һڻñ֮еףɫŹ
ͬһʱ̣Զеķ֡ϷҹһˣȫɫϲһĦ˫֣ЩȲҪױ
쿴־ҪٻϽˣ˵ԴϽ֮󣬻ûսأǴ۽һ
ϲЦտ
ʱðħСǿ޵ˣ
Ϸȭͷ
ħʥУֻеĴڣΪŽ壬ųһָĴڣǱ׻ܣŽҲ̫ʵˣ
ҹд֡
￪ĵطûһʯͷĽ𻢣ȫɱе׸עΪӣģҿʲôŽȻеûչֳС֣õ˶ٵĻԵˣ
˿ڻ֮Уעȫ׸סˣ˵ʵǴ˿룬ŷǳİա
ȴٳûŲŲƺҲױҪʱ̣
ͣ͡
˽ƵĿ֮УɵѪɢ׵ƤĤ֮£һƬƬԼĪָ״СϽɫۣһͽȫ¸ȫ֣ȥȫ£һƬĿϽɫһͷޣһδսӵĸоΨһ۾ûбڸǣʣ壬ȫϽ֮£ѵһޡ
ɱɵף͵һ˫ȭ죬񱩵ľ˻
ͻһĻùսȻһĿ࣬׵ǿһͷϹޣƽһŨŨĺ¡
Ԥϵǣ֮ǰĶսУȫ֣ô˿̵ĴħʥѺʬҰһغˡ
ҿ׸ˣĻǸܴ
㡭Ȼˣ
ۣʲôĪǣ˵еŽ壬
Ȼİƣʱ޴룬촽ͣ׵һҡ
˵Ҳսĥ£Ѽʯ̩ɽǰҲܹ治ɫ
ʱ˿̣ɸе𾪣Աƽ
Ǻǣ㻹ҵƾǿȣⲫô
ɣѾȲҪˣ
׵˫֮ϣԼĪһļצ˿ȲҪɱ
ţ
֣
΢ƽһĺʱһҧЩǺǣΪ˵еŽ壬ҵĶУҲԩˣڣҾĹǻңҶܵ꣡


890 
ಣ
ӥá򣬺˶͵س׷˶޾ʥֶ£һīķ̺аɭӵϢ˲˿ռ䣬һ̼۶ɡ
ףޡ
ɽİʥѹ׵ͷ˶ã
񱩵Ĺƣ˷ӿƺҪһ˲佫׸û
ʣԴױ֮󣬺Ĺƣ˲һΣҲû֡
ħʥĿԪƾκһ㣬ӿÿռŤ˻֮Ҫء
ȣ
ͦǹſֲѹƺҪ˵ѹȫ߶ɫѪ̺ſԪѪʱӿӲؽ١
顭
ͬʱӰһΣֽŷɣָʽ£̼Хӿİ໥⡣
˾ǣ޵ףֻһЩ˳ֵһЩĹƣδƾ񱩵Ͻϣһըһʯ
һʱ䣬ռը죬죬̳ɡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫΪ֮һ
ԼĪյĹ֮󣬡¡¡һıһϽɫӰƾմ̳֮г˳Ȼģס
˾ǣ˿ըףȻˣȫ£˼ƬۼЩ֮
꣬ꡭ
ۺΪʱڽڵԪкҵشϢţɫ԰ֽԵΪƣۡ
һĻ˸⾪˭ûϵȫûлֵף״̬ȿըɱһĺҪá
ǺǣеѪħ̶ֳֻȵĹôʧ
һźһơ
ϢһϣضźףΪŹ֣ЩɥЩŭ
Ž塭
΢ԥƬ̣ҧ³˼֣Ҳ˷ԪпըǽŲһתԱһס
Ȼ״̬µ˵Ԫըɱ̫СѶش
ԣҪһɱףΨһķʽ׽ⲫ
ںΪħ壬Ǽͣħƽצ֣ⲫֺϷԣûʲôԥס
ಡ
ʱ԰ټƵĲӰͬʱ׵֮Уѱ
ţ
һݣʶɢȫ衣
һһֻצ͵س׵ļ׵ץֻҪץʵˣһӾܹ۶׵ļ׵ǡ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵һͬʱһšһ׺ݵسűȥ
̫ˣ
һس׵Ժ֮Уһ̣׵ıȶʱգ
飡
ͬʱ׵ؿڴ׺ݵػһȭ

Ϣһϣܵ񱩵ԪƤ⴫ڣ۵ֱ졣
̶ֳȵƣ˵ֵһᡣ
ȣ
ǳڱܷӦһһֵֻ͵һƫеػȫƯƵĺ
ۡ
ʱѪɣһѪ⾶Ե
ء
ʹһӣӳǧ׿⣬һףҴϢͣ
צȻܹ˺ҵƤǣ
ǿһֻһ㿴ס
һƣһЦ
ͬʱԶսķ֡Ϸҹˣʱŭʱϵر仯š
ǿ쿴ΪħʥԪǿֲȻ˿ըǻǣ֧Ų˶ãҪԪľ߶
߬ȭͷǶԺ䣬ֿ²ռơ
ӳھʱڱ״̬еĴҲ࣬ȻǴơ
ǺǣҵǾȫռϷ磬ⳡԾУԪңЧ˶֣⣬Ҳأ
Ϸҡҡͷ˽ȻͬĹ۵㡣
ҹ˵ͷʾͬ˵ûȻ׺ݣǲЧ⣬ǻ֣ҲĴˣ֣һУú˺ѣѪգ˵ɱȫһϵġǼսȥҪ
жϽЩ̫硣
һֱĬļͻȻս˫ûʹɱﵣͣһͼ£
Ϊһþɳսʥ˵֪ɱ֮ʣʤһ֮䣬κʱ򶼲ܹ׶ԡ
ʱ˶һ۾ضԶеսĬĬΪš
Ƶ̳죬żһ޺ˣëȻ


891 ħȭ

ħƳûһīĻӰವһ˺ǰϵźţһŹֵ
һɭֲħϯ԰ټƵļ㿪ʼ޹ɵزO@죬֯һֶصɣǶħƳ˽ʿһ̲һּΣյźš
ȻħƳżĵ⣬ʧȥ˺Ӳ֮ҲԸʧȥ
ţҪһ֮նɱ
ħƳĹŹֽʱչһЦҡҡͷģԸŽ壬һҪ֡ҺųѪħħսжõλãȫԴħ壬ŽʬΣ˳жڰħҫ
ΨһĶܣҰŽ£ΪˣգȻŽǧٱѪծѪ
һƣɱڣ˫֮еħƽצһɿ񱩵Ԫƺ̾Ҫ˫צ֮б
ħȭ
ֻһȣԱˣ͵سף˾ǣһκٶȲ죬ƺеľȫȭͷ֮ϡ
¡¡
޾Ԫʥһ˲۳һӴˣϯ
飬ռը죬һɰԳϯһڶδӦ˾˲䱻Уȫ¶ҵ
ʱ޾У׸ЮУؽɱţϽ۷һĽĽ
𡭡
׻һһХƾմϯɫѪӿˡ
ȥգ
ٿأһŭȴըףһѸ׵צƫеץ׵ͷ­
ʣһצʵˣôһ˲ͽһغΪһʬ塣
֮УĲȣǧһ֮ʣֻü΢㿪ͷ­
һħƽצֱӽ׵һֻץƤ˺ѣѪ졣
ۡ
һΣ㾡ȫѳɫ԰ֽ
Ǻǣò˵ĹŵһʵѪ⣬ζǳн
Ц׵ĶУ̰ؾ׽
㡭
ҧأѽѣ޲ǰȥʬΡ
һԪϯգۼһֻ䡣
ն
һ裬һĵâԳźȥ̼˻ըף԰ټƵĵâԳźնɱȥ
Ȼһȫ֧ųһ֣ϧʱ䣬־ͺȻѡ
ִ֮УֻȫӶݣһ߻ħƽצһȫأ̵ܹʱڣӳ׵ĹΧ
ಣ
˭룬ںæҵĵڣ׵ӰȻƾճںıϽɫצͷ¡
͵һһһֻ̣оһһɿ񱩵ľʱӿϹһ㣬̼佫ļ˺¡
ء
Ͻѹǵʹú̲ס˵ҡҡλεشӸ߿׹һֻߵķݡ
ߣٻϽۣƷʣǰֵһᡣ
㲻ħƽצôڣֱ۶˺㻹ʲôҿ⣿
Ц֮͵һɿ񱩵ԪֻһѪֱۣʱӦѿըѳĲƬӸ߿з䡣
ĺⲫĹУȫ·磬ΨһܹγвģǴʥħƽצˡ
ϧֱۣ׸˺ûֱۣȻҲ޷߶ħƽצŰɱס
ǺѪ̫Ҳ⽫Ķϱ۸̳븹һںĴ͸ӳˡ
ǧ󡭡
մѪ촽֧һӣֻವһһ⾶ԻգźķӶȻ׹֮еһֻħƽצ
ͬʱһԪϯźѵļ򣬵ʱڶѵ˿ڴʵƤǿʼۿɼٶȷɿ
ţҪ޸ұۣ´ħƽצδЩ룡
һȫ޸ƣô޶ãʱһĵУԻƳգźķ
һæҵľ֮С
ʧȥһֱ۵ĺֻܹǿֵ׵Ŀ񱩹ƣҪ޸һֱۣ½ħƽצϣڰΡ
˵ʵ˲½һΡ
ٿأһǷ֮¶һĨȻЦ⣬ʱ˶ˣ
˵ţڵĽɫѪʱӿ۳һƬ󺣣׵Ĵ߶£Ʒˮһҵط


892 Ѫ
𡭡
ֻһװХ޾ϯ޵ףŲһת˺
ۡ
ȫ޸ƣ͵һХʱڵѪҺΪ֮һ˵꣬ЩѿǶ⡣
ǧһ֮ʣ͵һȭҶ£һ׺ݡ
¡¡
ֻһըװı˶ţ׵ȭ֮£Ȼһ˲䱬˿޾ĿֲԪ˲ڣһֱӽűˡ
ء
ʱҺֻʣһѪܵͷ­شӸ߿з
ХĲҺƮɢ鲻Խҽ
ͻһĻùսˣȫ־ϲ
ԶİУϷҹ֡ˣһ˷ܵ赸Ц
쿴Ȼȫƿ˾ƣһشֻʣ°ҪŤתƣǲˣ
ϣ¶һĨϲ֮⡣
ʹ죬ʹ찡һȭԴ飬Ǿ͸ʹˣ
Ϸ˷ܵػһȭͷ
ӣӦӮˣ
ʱһȵĶҹҲ΢΢ͷ
һߣûһʯĽ𻢣ڿһϽ۵ףȥʱаٰζ˵
Ȼ˵ˣý𻢷ǳʹ죬ǣڿ׽ֲʵ֮󣬽ֱѹ
𻢿ѡĻһѡͬھһڽ˵õĽ
ɱ
ٿأһͨ쳹صŭԴģף˫죬һ̲ͣؾ˺ͷ­
񣬺֫ٺȫ׵Ĺб˿ΪĲƬ
ֻʣһͷ­û˵ֿ
ֻҪ׼ʱʹɱ֣ôͿһ˲˽ս


һ׷ᣬ˵ʱȻһһ첱Ӵ֣ϧһ뵽ҪɱڵףȫȽŷǰԮ

ǧһ֮ʣħƳ滯ΪһīĻӰֽס
ͬʱһʥ쾳İʥƾκһ㣬ĴףƺҪ׸Ʒɾ⡣
ȥ
գ˭Ҳסң
ſ񱩵ʥѹƣ״ƴش߶ɫѪͷųնʱ԰ټƵĽɫâԳħƳϯȥ
ħƳʥ쾳棬սȫںԣҪ˲ͻħƳôס
顭
ֻը˷صħƳɱһֱذ±ɫ
Ҳʹ˰ݵģ
Ѫͷ­ವһ˵ǰӿԪϯһͷ­£Ϳʼۿӵٶ֫ٺ
ʣħƳӣ㹻ʱ޸ơ


ػںǰһĿ¶С
ˣ֪ΪʲôųѪħô
һ³֫һУʥħƽצ˺˫֮ϣ͵һ󣬿ռŤ鱬졣
ԣɫ䣬׷ͨͨعڵأɪɪһ֮ɫ
֮ԱΪѪħΪҷǳѪңѪ֮仯һɱ¾Ŀħ
ˣǶǴСҳɳ̴ӣ֮иǹעҵѪҴͷϣڣҪѪ

һʱնɫ԰ֽѾһ߻ˡ
ҹ
ܹҷ׳Ѫǵҫ
͵һӣħƽצʱħʥͷ­֮ϣͬʱһɿֲԴħƽצ֮ϯ
͡
ʱħʥ̼Һ֮еľѪҲƵϯ˫֮С
Ŀǣںķ֮£ħʥ壬Ȼһۿӵٶȣɿظɱ
ںԭͭɫļ˿̹עѪʱɺһƬȥĿġ
һĻϷҹֵ˿ľ
λ쿴ǺΪҪԼʹɱ֣
־
Ϸ΢΢˫΢˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ̾ϢûжϴĻµľѪӶʵ
ҹ񡢷־ɫ䣬һĿࡣ


893 ë
˭ûϵΪһʤȻ̵ؽ¸һ߾˸ɡ
̵һĻϷҹֵˣθзڣĲѡ
ħײѪһ棬ںϺչ˳
һյĹ򣬺Ѿħʥ˸ɣÿһ˸ɣңӸ߿׹̳
ǴСɳ̴ӣ񲻽̵˸ɣң֮ضûУֻøʬҰıҾء
֪ˣ᲻ѡ׵УһٻһЩϡ
໡
ٿأֻһħʥľѪ֮Ѫ٣ȫ죬޾ԪҰһ㣬ڽอ֮ܡ
ں۵ȥǧֻѪอ֮пɣ۵úĳ嶯
Զķֲ˫һһϲǿ쿴ǿħʥľѪ󣬽Ȼͬƺ˳ͻ߻ħƣ
Ǻ߻ħǲ۰
ϷЦ
۷׷֮ʣһ̣ĿһĻȻӡ
ӺͭɫƤĤ֮УȻ쳤һشصĺɫëһӣȫѪɫë֣ȥٲȻë޼
飡飡飡飡
ȫţвϵ۹ֽţǿÿռը죬˻
һɼֲʥ˲ϯʥ쾳ħƳ棬Ҫʤһ
Զ￪ķ֡ϷҹˣҲһĿ࣬һ
ȻҲˣһֻëɣ
һ´ǰľ
⣬û뵽˾Ѫ֮󣬾Ȼܹɱ̬ëǣƣҪԶ״̬µĺӣΣˣ
Ϸһ
ҹɴСţۣɵõһ촽Ƭ̣һ仰˵
໡
ֻһըװûɺëɵĺ״۹ֽų׷˶ȥһѪɫӰХһȷ硣
ţ
ħƳٿȻһܵϯĿֲѹʱһҵ̤ӡԳźֱȥ
ǺǣôһֻëɣЦ
һ߳һ߻צ繥ƶͷֶ¡
һ֣׾;ط֣Ϊëɵĺٶϣ½һΣ޼ȴȻ׶ЩԿ⡣
͡
צӰ׷ɣ׵צ׺ݵץں֮ϣ״ʧɫһĻˡ׵צץںʱƤëѪ⣬Ȼһ˲ûһѪת۱ɢӰ١
׵ĹƣȻ˿ա
¸¸£Ž壬Ѫħ״̬£״Ҫ˺ңܣ
Ц˫֮ϵһħƽצϵطץ׵Ͻ֮ϣ죬һƬƬ͵Ͻ֮ϣ˺ѳһϸ˿ѷ죬һЩϽֱۣӱ˺
ʲôһȻ״ֻҪͻûһѪ
ȻһɫٿȻ䡣
ûϵǣ˾Ѫ֮󣬱ѲѰĹں˵ֵһᡣ
෴ĹһΣӦʮּ֡

ħƳ滶عֽгںǰʱɰʥ۳һƬ󺣣Գϯ
ߣ˵ĺҪֵһذħϣ˭룬һ·磬ͲֶΣħƳˣ
ֶںмһˣ߷߲ѡ
ϷҹҲĵȭͷ
£Ҫ˺ǳѣҪħƳ͸Ӽˡ
ȥһ֮
һһеʥವһΪһ⣬Գ׵ķӶȥ
ಣ
գۼ䣬׵ԣһɰʥϯħƳʥѹȡ
֣ôˣ
תͷһɵһơ
ٺ٣ֵ֣Ҫնܣɱһ죡
񳩿Цɱڡ
һЦʱ죬ãֵܶˣһս
˵ţһУֱӽǹٻ˳
һǹһΣ;ʱһɹɰϯ糱Ԩ纣


894 Ǭ
¡¡¡¡
ýıǹһΣһɿ񱩵Ƶʱϯ죬˲ͽħƳİʥѹһͷ
ͬʱһּΣյϢͷ˸εѣϢҡƺǰţͷ档
ţŽ壬Ȼͳһ
һеıǹʱϢһϣɫٿȻʧɫ
ûϵʱ׾ȻеûչֳǳǸ̽ǳ

ħƳ澪ǵعֽħһ
ףñǹɱ˺ӲٶȽǹ˳Ȼ׼ͷžħƳе־֣εѡ
ƾһԴʥħƽצһֱǰҫ֪ǲһЦ˰գ
űǹһĺɵЦ
Ĵ
˵ħƽצΪʥȻΪѵãǣıǹҪ˺üΣһķ
ձǹƳ죬̤Ԫ磬ҲЩ㷲
Ǻǣ״̬ȻԽǹչֳҵҪƣܷҵ
һƣɫϾأٿأȫǹԨ纣糱ĽɫѪʱӿڱǹ֮У۳֧ɫļʸ
ָȻ˺
ţ
Ȼһ֮ϣȻ¶һĨ֮ɫǺǣûõģٻҲ޷˺Ѫħ״̬µң
΢΢°ͣԵʮ㡣
ԣЦüͷô
֨֨
ܿ죬ǹͱһ£̺޾Ѫ۶ɵ֧ƴ

׺ԥ͵
𡭡
໡
ˡ
ড
ʱ֧ԻƳգźķϯһ޾ʥֶ£ûһٶ֧˲ñ׻ȸͷ
໡
ֻһͨ쳹صХԼĪŰɳֱƺһ֮ҪըǬצ֮䣬һĵâ£˺ѳգ˸εѡ
𡭡
ͬʱһͷɽ㽡˶İ׻ڸ߿طɱѪһһϼ䣬ɽ룬ǧӡ
ড
ȸһɣһƬ죬׹˻¯֮Уҽ졣
ˡ
ξ޴䣬͵ش׹ڵأֱô³ɣ񷶼Ϊ֮ѿ޾ͨ쳹أһɺءӡɣͳϢء
ͷİƣɵɪɪ֮ǰгģ̼䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һľ֮ɫ⡭⾿ô£Ȼ׻ȸĴ޸ٻˣ
ʱ˿̣ҽǿ񼣣Ȼû˼
ͬʱںħƳ棬ֵһͷ񣬾ûһɱƺѾ׼Դˡ
ԶУ֡Ϸҹˣض֮ͷһզп겻ѡ
ԡ˾ѪϽۣǹҲ˲١ǿûͷ񣬱֮ǰҪֲö࣡
֮ϣһĨ羴֮顣
һؾżɱ֮ĺҲ⣡
Ϸһƶ
һߣûһʯĽ𻢣ԭ׼û룬˭룬ʱʩչ¿ɺãͷأŵýƨĶҶֺ
ģŽ壬жٵûչֳȻܹûͷż̤Ԫ磬Ҳҿ
˱ˣԭŽ壬ԽУû뵽̶̵ļʱ䣬Ѿȫ·ˣ
絶ʣƽһɼ褺ı֮
ɱ
ٿأһ£ͬʱԨ纣ĽɫѪ͵ط
Х
ֻһȭҶǺħƳ棬ͻըϣҡ
һĹУͷ񸩳£ֱźħƳɱȥ
໡
𡭡
ˡ
ড
ȥؾ䣬䣬һսȻݡ
һҪɹ
ɱ
նܣ𣡡
Ϸҹˣһ߬ȭͷҽ


895 ɱ
ء
ֻһҵȫëĺֱӱ޾񳱸ĲƬȻӵжصķط޵ǰ޼¡
ֻһɽѵıӦѣң
Ž壬ҲŹġ໣Ҳۡ
һƯڰУ޾ĲʣƮɢ

ţͬһʱ䣬޵񣬸ĻĿ꣬ԳħƳ˶ȥ
ħƳֻֽ̹УȻΪʱ
׵ȫ߶£ͷӦѣƶʱըһ㣬ħƳ˲ͬھ
߰˷ƵħƳ棬ʢֻҪһµĳܹ
ϧ׵֮£ħƳȫѣһĲƬδһغҪǳ˵Ρ
ţ⡭ͳɹˣ
ɱڣȫתԪ׼ײսɱһذ˭룬ͽħƳɱˣɾֶΣü񿴵Ŀࡣ
֣Ӯˣ
תͷ΢΢һЦ
֣
֣
ͬʱԶеϷҹˣԻΪ⣬׵ǰһϲ񣬽׸˸߿գͣػš
֮˷ƽ֮ϵϲ֮ɫȻڸǡ
֣ڵʵʵֲ̫ˡеѪħĶ֣Ҫ֪ǿħʥĴڰ
һզпס
΢΢һЦ
һΣ־ǣû֣Ѿ˶ٴˣ
Ϸҡͷԡ

ٿأһУһɿƾϯֱӽ֮оľ߸ʬһħƽצ
תͽ˵Ĵ˳ֽı벽ʥС
Ǻǣ˵һεջǱȽϷġ
һЦնһԴʥħƽצı벽ʥ⣬֮ı
ҡһ´׸˶ҹ֣ҿûʲô
ҹһЦһ̲ͣ˵Ĵз
֡
תͷ֣Ĺǽսв۶ϣ磬ıѡһա
׽ı벽ʥݸ֡
ϷҹҲЦŷ֡
һԥƬ̣ҡҡͷû˵ƺı벽ʥ⡣
ȷ
Ϸӵʥӵнˡ
һ벽ʥĹǽʩչĳնޣҪýһ¥ƷҪ
֣ħƽצ͸㣬Ǵʥķ
׼ûʲôԥͽһħƽצݸ˷֡
ৡ
ʱϷҹˣȫɴ˫һ˼ضףֵĿ֮У޾Ľ֮ɫ
ɫǺ죬Ҳѵذ˰֣УУħƽצ˵ʲôҪǴʥʵ̫ˣôܹ£
˵ˣϲýײʺң
ֵʹͷ
֣Լǣħƽצʺ˵Ƿǳʺ㡣
ϷͷٻϽ֮󣬻ǳֿȭսƾצļͶȣҪɱóʥߣЩǣǴħƽצȫûк֮ˡ޵״̬£ɱҲС
ҹͬص˵ͷ
ɫһʱ΢΢ͷ
ȻˣħƽצҾԼˡ
΢΢һЦ׵ƳһﴮľѪħƽצ֮У˿̵ħƽצȻΪ֮ܿ׵ľѪɱ⣬˳صѪ

һħƽצʱ׵˫֮ϣ΢仯̬ʱ׵˫覵һ
ǺǣħƽצеڣҴǳ֣
ϲЦտ˼ȭͷ鱬졣
ϲ֣
ϲ֣һɱ
Ϸҹֵˣʱϲüңס
ЦٿأһУ罣˳һĨֱӽ罣еѪ֮Ĩ˷֣֣ĹǽΪΣҪ޸ǳѣܹ޸ҲҪµĴպָܹԭеƷʻһδ֪磬罣ʥķ֮󣬱ȹǽҪʤһ
ֲɵ˫һЩס
֣ķôܹ
ֽԴҡһ˹ġ


896 
һ˵Ҫ罣͸Լּûԥѡƴǡ
Ȼ˵ֵѳΪֵͬܣֱ˴ˡ
ǣܵ׵÷ֵУЩΡ
ҪõʥǷһƴǡ
ǣ罣Ѿˣ׵ķ˵ʲôҲ˼׵ж罣
֣ѾħƽצһԴʥħƽצ罣˵Ѿûʲô̫ļֵˡ㲻ҪҪ˶ãҲҪ͸ˡ
΢΢һЦתͷҹ֣Ҳûгֵʥ磬罣͸ա
˵ţװ罣ݸҹ
ҹ΢΢һһʱЩ֪룬΢һ˼⣬֪ʩչЦŵͷ͵ȻˣǾ͹ˣ
˭룬ڶҹո֣׼׵нӹ罣ĵڣವһһͷԱȶ罣ҳŶҹͷЦ˭˵ҲҪˣֻòԵƴһˡ
֣ʲôʱõһõķٽ罣תգ
罣ָһʱϲЦտʼֵذ
ҹʼεЦЦ
֣Ҫѡһ벽ʥķգȱһֵķ
ҹΪ⣬ЦǺǵ
һУı벽ʥʱƯڶҹǰҹϸѡһѡһڵħʼѪ
һ붫ҹͶɹصѪһϲЦտ
֣ĸеıﲢ񣬲ȴŲٵ򡢵伮ǹڰħģŶǻЩôġ
ҹĸеıһ̧ͷһһʮ
üͷһ´Ӷҹнӹ˴̽Уʼ
˶ѾĸȻҲΪ֮׾پܹ̽С
ͬʱ߰￪ĵطûһʯĽ𻢣ãδƽ
ģҿʲôŽȻһɱ˺ħƳ棿Ƕô춯صս
¾̤Ԫ磬ΪһʥǰҲһ
ӣҾܹ컯ɾдҲñܱܷͷˣĻʮԼһҵڣ
һˣ𻢵ʱ͵͵طУҪ֮󼪡
飡
˭룬ûȽ𻢷ɳԶһ죬һɸߵʯȻѿʯ׷ɡ
ಣ
Ȼһ͵ͣס˽Ųֻе
𻢣ط꣬ιʲк͵͵أ
ѵ֪Ƿǳòľٶô
׵ͳĻԴ𻢵Ժ֮С
ŵɫҰףɢսսתԶǹͦס
ಡ
ͬʱֻһֵܣΪһ⣬Է˽𻢡
Ҫ˶ãִܹ𻢵ǰ

ȻŽˣ
ľ֮󣬵ʱһҧȫȼվѪϵ˫͵һ񣬵׼֮زز
Ϊڽ̵ʥӣڷٶϣ츳ӳɣ֮ǰ̤Ԫħʥûа취ȫĿƾԼٶȣ˦һˡ
һ̣ͳ׾ˣ
𡭡
ֻһʯХϯ죬쳹ħַڤظе֣ŵýȻһΪ֮һ٣Щɢ
ȵɫǺػָһ˾ֻвʮľ롣
ȰǧĻҿɲұ֤еǹ᲻ᶴͷ­
ڽٶ׼ݵʱ̣׵ͳζɤٶȴԺ֮С
͵һ
΢ԥƬ̣ڿɥһתҲŲ
ಣ
׽̤ӡ˽𻢵ǰһİȻЦ⣬𻢣þòû뵽Ȼ䵽زһɥȮ죡
Ҹеʧһ뵽컯ɾгȥҪһҾ͸е裡
ôһֱǶҵһ裡
赭дͽ𻢸һͿأ޲һطȥ
ƫƫֲһڣĻ˭ұ֤ոմ¾ף᲻ͻʩɱ֣֪컯ɾУնɱ
ʱ򣬽ڽ̾Ҫ𻢱ѩޣҲҲ֣
Ž壬û뵽Ľ٣ҳϣΪԾҸұ֤ҾʱһĿ࿴
죬ȻȴЩ顣
ҡͷһЦһЦ


897 һŵǧ
ȻĽһֻа벽Ԫ磬էһಢ
ǣĿ׵Ŀһս֮󣬽֪֮ʵ࣬Ȼǵ蹵Ĳ𣬷ϣһϵĴڡ
˵Ľ𻢣ǰֵһᡣ׾Ͷ֮䣬ܹ𻢸
ԣ𻢺ɵŵԵøûЦ
ŷЦףۣ޵ϧƫƫҲɡ
Ž壬ηҵģ
ɫ˿ĭضס
һЦ΢΢̣ʵ㣬ԴƬƽԭ֮󣬵һ۾ͷ㡣ֻһֱûнҴˣ
ֽܹ֮𻢣ȻǵܹһЩٵѰۣȻˣζὫܸ߸𻢵ġ
̣û뵽£׸ʶ
𻢣ǵҪ㻹ʲô֮ߣ
ٿأϷЦĤ
֡ҹˣҲ½˽𻢵ǰһɫɫơ
𻢣ĴεسϷһ˼ɥ˵ֵܼ˶ڽ𻢵ĳޣѾﵽһٽ㣬޲̻̽ҡ
㣬ǡ
촽Ƭ̣ҪԼ˵һЩ֮ʣϧһſڣȴƿԡ
û뵽׹ȻС
ͻأģ׵Ŀ˽еİ׹˫֮У̰֮ɫ
һݣܵ߬еİ׹
𻢣µӦ֪ôˣö׹ѴѾãĪҪҸ
üͷһ촽һţҪý𻢸⡣
Ϣһϣɫǵͨ죬һʱ侹ǲ֪λش
֣ɴɱˣʵɱ𻢸Ѵ֮׸ԡ
Щͷˡ
һֱӽıǹٻ˳УһɰƵʱ糱ϯÿ˻
𻢣˵Žǹֵõһħƽצö׹ҶԣôҪ㲻Ը׳ôͱˡ
ɤͳ
ԣ΢Ƭ̣һģҽ׹׸ҲУǣһ
ǣһ·׷ңΪѣ
𻢿
ž
䣬Ը𱬵Ϸʱһ˦˽𻢵֮ϣž죬𻢵ұյʱ׵һͷ
㡭
ԹضϷ
𻢣νʶʱΪܣ㣬ΪɥȮһ޶ѵкּۻ۵ʱô
Ϸ
Ƥһ˫֮УʱӹһĨ֮ɫȻˣôҽԸսҲԲṰֽ׹׸ǣ
˵ţһɿ񱩵ԪԴӽ𻢵ϯ糱Ԩƺ
𻢣ƺ׼ಫˣ
ţ
üͷһζЦ˭˵Ҫɱˣ
ʵ˵ҴûҪɱ㡣
Ц٣ʮԼʱûе֮ǰҲɱ㡣
Ȱ㲻ҪС֮ĶȾ֮Ž壬һԾŶʮԼ֮ǰԲ鷳
װ˰֣һŽ𻢡׶ԣĽ𻢣һƤһ޶ȫ޷Ķ־ɱ𻢣Ҳеһ˿һ˷ܡ
һ㶣ʱ˫˸˸Źף־ϲЩԼĶ䡣
У׹˼ķԷɱҲͰˡǣ컯ɾУȫ֪ؽնɱر֪˭룬ףȻΪһͷԼԸôһǧѷĻ
зЦ治֪˵ŵԣ̲ظ
ֻҪ㽫׹׳ѪģԲɱ㡣
赭дŽϲߣҲûжģϣ㲻ҪҶѿ࣬Ļ˵ڲͷ£ʧȥǣʱܷŵԣͲö֪ˣ
׶˶еıǹ
ҴӦҴӦ
һҪѪģ𻢵ʱͷһĨֱӽ׹еѪ֮Ĩ֮УֻѪģ㽫׹á
֣ǧҪնݳһξᣬǴˣƱؽ׷Ī
ϷһȰ
û֡𻢽թƻȽأ˷ҪǷһ·Ժ˵Ǵ鷳ҿֱӽնɱһ֪ǽڽҲԱѩޣ
ҹһ̼ʱһһʮظ׷ܹת⡣
˶֪һ˳ػص֮Уҵ˿ɽôҪɱ𻢣ûôˡ
Ǻǣһ;֮٣壬ΪҪһˣ
Ǵ˷ҳûɱ𻢣ôҾǱ֮ˣǵأԼ˵ԼպƱػħʱ򣬶ҵһ谭
ңʮԼüһ׷²ǣ
һЦ˰֣һֵܵȰȫȻ£ҧ⣬ʼԡ
Ϸҹ֡ˣ׵ı֮£Ҳҡͷ̾Ϣ׷ҧ⣬Ѫġ


898 
һ׵ĺ£ڳֵܣȫ³Ѫ壬Ѫġ
ʱһöɾѪ۶ɵ׭ÿһ˵֮Уʧ١
Ž塭
һϾףãؿһףҾһֱҶ㲻мһˣǣӽһ㣡
Ϊһ·Ϊһֵ𾴵Ķ֣
ϣսһ죬ҵıֲʧ
ϣ׵УһĨ֮ɫ
Ž𻢵ľٶϷҹ֡ˣȫ΢΢һ
һˣܹõֵܵľأѡǣҪõһֵľأͷǳѵˡ
Ϊ𻢵Уܹõ𻢵뾴η˵һμѻ
ǺǣɵúúŬˣ
һƣִӽ𻢵н׹УĦűİ׹׵˫гһ졣
ȸˣ
ؿһۣ˹֣һ񣬾ҪԶԶӡ
ţ
ವһһϽ۵ף赲ڽ𻢵ǰ΢΢¶һĨý׽͸ľζЦ⡣
֮ˡݺֵܵˣ
Ц赭дģ˵һȻ飬ǾôߣҵֵǿɲӦ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫϲЦտ׵УһĨŨŨľη֮ɫ
û뵽˵սƻڵõ׹֮󣬾̱ԣҪҽ𻢵鷳
Ž壬㡭ѾѪģĪǣҪɣ
Υԣǻ⵽һΪԻһ
ɫǺ죬һŵס
׵һЦŽ𻢰˰֣㲻ҪţҲҪɱ㣬ֵֻܼˡ
˵ţವһ˵ӣϽɫڵһ㣬ԳŽ
Ȼһæ֧ųһֵֵ֣
ʮն
ֻһըװı׵˫͵ؽ棬ʩչһʮն
͵һһʮεĽâƾ۶ɣ𻢵֮ϣһӦѣֿȭĽ𻢣ֵܵ׵ħƽצ
ֻһı𻢵ƤǣȻѿѪ귭ɡ
ء
໲ҺһһֻߵķݣԴӸ߿׹֮С
ȥؿ𻢵˫Ѿ˺ѪⷴתѪ죬⣬ؿڵλã¶һʮεѪĿġ
۹ʹ찡
Ϸ˷ܵ㵸ֳƿ죬֣̫ˣ𻢣Ҫһ
ٺ٣ȻԣǣֻҪǲʹɱ֣ͲΥԡȻˣǾǽϵҲȫ޲ɡ
ҹһЦ
𻢲ɵһ£һĲ԰ֽסϷҹһ˵ǿһȺħ֡
ǺǣΪʥɱȻˣ
ͦǹ˶˫еħƽצһ֮ɫˣҸղֻý֣ҪĻ;ְաסǧɱ
ϷҹֵˣһĦȭƣ׵Ļʱӵϣ𻢸Χ£һٱᡣ
ΪĲÿһ˶ûд߶Ԫֻƾųֿȭ׼åܣȭȭŽ𻢡
ڽ𻢶ԣֱᣬȻȫȴǳ裬ɱ˽𻢻Ҫʹࡣ
εϷˣǣǵƣ
Ϸȭͷ磬һͽ𻢵һͷ
ƻֶɽ٣߱ӣӽ󣬶Ӿ
һģȴʮݶÿһȭÿһţŽ𻢵Ҫλȥ۵÷໽л
ٺ٣㲻ýڽ̵ʥôֵ˷վ㳢ǵȭ
ҹ쳩ЦԽԽ𾢡
һ𻢵ȫ£߹Ǵϣⷭתอѣͷ­֫ٺȻҵñһ̲ࡣ
ҧأʼգһԣԹߡвʡпɬˮȫڶûģûл֡
ֵǣãҸë׼һĴ񣡡
һֱûôֵķ֣ҹϷָ
ʱϷ֡ҹ˾ЦͳһȭմȾѪҺ
𻢣һμʱϣҵ
ζһЦ͵һóۣʱһעˮӿƫУڽѪԴ֮ϡ
ʱһζֱڱǣЩûȥ


899 ٽٽ
ʣǽΪ裬ʹһξ
ýڽ̵ʥӣȻҺһ
˵裬ڽڵĴˣ׶Ĵ̹ǡĻҪü尾
Ǹɴؽ𻢸նɱˣҲܹܡ׻˵Դ̣߳жӲҲ˭룬Ȼ˱ӵֶ𻢡
ӽ󣬽޷ô֮оͻħϣԶѵôһյĽ֡
㣬ǡ
󣡴˷ޣҽģվǻɢΪҲȻŹǣ
𻢸ҧѽѣЪ˹źš
Ϊ˵ķŭڵԪ˲ƿأҲ翪˺Ƥ⣬ƽּ߻ħơ
顭
ֻһı𻢵澭̼ѣƤĤ˺ѣɭɭ׹ӡë֮ɺѪˮ
ǺǣƺҪˣ
һζЦҴܵԪҪ߻ħˡ
߻ħҲǵ⡣
ϷɫǺ죬ҡͷһЦֻҪֽɱôͲΥԣӾˣҲûһ˿һĹϵ
𻢱ˣȫҵضţٿȫһ³һϢ˹ȥ
߰ա
Ц֣ҲˣҲˣʱظˡƸׯûΪǸеء
Ϸҹ֡ˣȫһЦ𣬻׵࣬׼̷ء
˭룬ʱ
¡¡¡¡
طҡĩϮ̳֮۾ľ޷ҡΣĵѣüĹľӦۣɵ֮ϣ޹⣬ٲȻĩսٵǰס
ţ
ʶ񣬵ʱȻһʲôˣ
ϷҹˣȫתԪ֧ųһʵĻ֣ţһ֮Уȫ衣
ٿأ͵ͫһһ˼ָԶʣ촽žλ쿴٣Ҫɽ١
δ䣬ৣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڵһʱѭȥ
ȻʵıԵܲ׹Ȼٽ٣ǣ˾ֵǣеĽƣֻһ䣬ʵϣмʮϰٶƣͬʱ١
Ŀã˭ҲţȻϰٶͬʱ۵׳۾
ȥԶѹѹһƬÿգһ˫԰ټƵľ״ÿռը죬ҡػΡ
ģûпգȻϰٶͬʱ٣ʵ̫׳ˣ
ӣǵһƬͨ죬ӽƵǿʮа˾ʥ׽٣
Īǣϰٸʥͬʱɽ٣
ϷһСͫף˲ɵùԲһ룬˾ˡ
ҹˣҲĿࡣ
ϰٸʥӣͬʱɽ٣Ƕô׵һ
Ҫ֪ǸԵ׵ˣԴӽ컯ɾ֮󣬸ԵʵͲϵţеٶȣСɾе׵˵ٶȣΪҲΪǣµҲֻмһˣ˳ͻƿΪԪ磬һٳΪ˵еʥߡ
סϷҹˣֻа벽Ԫ磬ʥߣȻһεϡߣȴңɼ
ˣҲѾǳ˲ˡʥ˵һ˵ջ񣬾Ĵڡ
˭룬Ȼϰʥͬʱʥ٣һʲôĸ
λӦСɾĺĵش
΢΢˫˼⣬Ҳ֪ǺηʥȻ˴Ķ
ҿ컯ɾеõһԵӶʹ԰ټƵʥͬʱͻƣʥ߾硣
ҹüͷطϾʥӣΪһ飬ղ֮⣬Ҫڶ̶̵ڣͻƣʥ߾磬Ҳ졣ǡ
˵ҹ΢һ٣סϷֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵˶ҹϣǲɽ
סϷֵˣȻһһ
ɽ
һͬصͷǣȷϰ˶ɽٵ׳٣ʥӣôʮа˾ǲɽ˵ⲻɽ˷ǲǧڣ컯ɾ֮УңϵʥͬǣⲻɽûбǿԵزɢΪһ顣˵һɽõһԵпһϰʥߣⲢûпܣ
˵벻ɽҲйν֡һֱûţ˵ǧڵһһɸѰ޸ԣҪĵشʮþȵġ
ҾãɽţпѾ˺ĵشڣⳡ˶ʥٵ׳٣пܳԲɽֱʣ


900 
ͻһĻ׳һ˸εѣ𵴣
ʵ˵һԴӵõԵ֮Խʮ㣬ΪʥӣܹᲢ۵ģνëǡ
˭룬Ȼϰʥͬʱɽٵ׳
·ͷ˽һˮ˲佫ƮƮȻһˣȵ֮С
Դӽ컯ɾǿ˵ǻԵջķᣬÿһ˶ʵɱ䡣ѰʥӣᲢۡǣɽǧڣʵԲܹᲢ۵ġ
ɫϾȻǵĿ꣬ĵشʵǳ̨ͼпܻɽĴԣÿһ˶ҪʮֵľĪи
Ϸ֡ҹ׷Ӧŵ
ҵǾãϰͬʱɽٵ׳٣ĳڲɽôҲӲ˵ˣ컯ɾĺĵشһǳ˵Ļڵȴǣ
Ϸüͷһ
񡢷֡ҹ׷üЦ
Լǡ
ǵͨ죬ҪϰʥͬʱΪʥߣɲϡƽĻһһǧѷ̨ڵĺĵشȻֵһС
ߣȻȥīǰ˳أϸоһԲߡ
׽̤ӡವһΪһ⣬ԳԶշӶȥ
Ϸҹˣһ̲ͣطš
ĵţƽԭת̳죬ѪĽ𻢣˲̱ڵأԪңอѣ߻ħıԵƺʱһغ
ģһɴ̱ǵζӽ𻢵
һһ˵ӰʧԶˡҹֻأתչ
һգ˫ӰԶзӶٶȼ죬ƵʯһɹɿֲʥϯȻ龳ƣ˲ֱԡ
ಣ
ٿأһɫӰ͵һ壬ƲӥãԳŽ𻢵ķ˶
һɫӰ˫һ˽𻢵ǰ
ȥӰǱ˫ᣬӵ龳ΪһһͦΣȫ¸ɫë֮£һ˫ʮۣһδꡣ
һɫӰȫ࣬һ֮⣬Ӵν˶ӣһ˫ʱ׹¶ٲȻǸ¶֮
𡣡
ӵ׳һɻбһеĽ𻢣ɳҼǵĿζһֱǳֻ꣬ſߵԼӵѪ壬ŻṴʳңһֻӰʥ࣬ôһԪ綼ṳ̂СһȤˣ
Ϊ꣬һЦԪѵûзСһڲͬô
Ԫ΢΢һĦӣ˼̽ʼ̽𻢣ٿأ˫΢΢һСһƺһУҲǷޡң츳׿Ƿ֮
΢Цŵ˵ͷһ˫ӣԵؽŽ𻢱մȾĽɫ˫ᣬô˵˫ᣬɫѾЩȲҪ֪Сһڣźָ߹Ѫˣ
̽һԪϯ֮ȫµ۹ʱʧ١ȳζҲɿɢͬʱȵԪ˽𻢵ڣͽ𻢴߻ħıԵ˻
شڻ֮УȽؾ죬ơ
һֱӽ𻢸˱֮Уֻ𻢵Ӱһζƾʧ١
ʲô˰ɣȻҪһСһؾ죿
Ԫһ˼ض𣬡ɲʲô˶ܹģй³̣
ʼ򣬵ȻһЦģҲ˽ɣȵѹұὫ죬ܹϼ죬Ҫ컯
򶴿ŹϵԽԽǾҪڼздչ׳󣬶һҪľǹͲţž޴Ǳ츳ѪȴѷɫǵСһϾǾķݣʵ̫ˡ򶴿ߵԼŹϵĲ壬ʮǧǳǾ罫˥ߴг
𵭵һЦٿ˫һವһΪһɫ⣬ԻƳգʧ١
Ԫҡҡͷûʲô취͵һ˫ᣬͬΪһʧ١
һ֦
ҹİ棬һ˳ɽȣưܵıС
һ뱦磬Ƹߡׯˣͷһ־ϲе꺮ů
֣˳ɽˣ
һȵżС˵ģĻŭţ
û
һЦظĵ죬ãһҲ˳ɽ٣Ϊʥߣңһͻƣ̤ʥ죡
Ƹߡׯˣʱһ㵡


901 ߴ
˭ûϵȻһ̤ʥ߶쾳磬ʱ񣬶һ˿ʣΪɲ壬ǰҵСＧˡ
Ҹ׼˱Һ˽ⷦ
æҵؽһݸֵܡ
ͻݡһЦͷϸãζ
úȣиҵİ¡
־ִٵؽӹ룬һŴŴģЩδ
ˣ֡
ׯʲôһٵʵһɽ٣ûϮ
ˣħʥͷһˣųѪħħеĴڣЩȫɥȪ
ϷƵرԹ
δ䣬ׯƸˣȫϢһϣһ塣
գ
ĸʵؿڣѹҵƤһֱԭǴ֮סҿ˳̤ʥ߾磬ĻҿҲɾˡ
ɵϷһ¡
ɵɫһЩε촽ţվû˵
á
ҹǸʵˣЦŽӹ磬һһʮûмʶѪħһΣǿνһߣ˳ʥߵļ֣Ķ֡Ҫǧһ֮ʣּʱϵ£ѺʬҰˣ
ϷΪͬصͷǡ
δ䣬ׯƸˣȫ˫˸˸Ź⣬׷ƫͷһԾס
ûϵɱħʥȻδʥֻа벽ԪסһħʥеѪħ
Ҫ֪Ѫħʥ߾ļ񶼲ֵĿֲڣ
ڰ벽ԪǰȻ˵òһ
Ž塭
пǧ˫˸˸Źؿףһɳ֮Ȼ
֡
ٿؿףߴٵīǰأСʱ䣬ֱӳʥ߾磬ĸһ˹Ҷһܹ̤Ԫ磬ڣ̤ʥ߶졢죬쾳磬Ҳȫûпܰ
֡Ϸ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵׵ϡ
˵еȷһƬҶԴԡѪ֮׳ʥ߾磬Ҳûϣԣһ̷Ҷô׾پܹΪʥߣΪ˵еʥ
һ㣬ǰ϶顣
ȵĿ⣬΢Ƭ̣³һҡҡͷɣҲѡʱʥ߾磡
֮ǰֳʥߣ٣ѾһȺǣҳԪ磬Ž츳ʣĶ󣬵ʱΪֲĴڣôܷ˳ɽ٣һδ֪
׿
ԣϷҹֵˣź΢΢ͷ
ȷ
һ׳ʥ߾磬٣ôĶ϶ȼҪƴ󣬵ʱ˭֪ʲôĴڣ
ڼʶͬʱɽٵ׳۾֮оСҲ
˵֮ǰɽ٣Щʹȫûҿ׼ʱϵŶһ١
ǶɽٵĶ󻻳ףôϷһˣܷ˳ظ׻׵İȫȫ˵׼
ǵȵīǰ˵աīǰһػаյöࡣ
ĬϷˣ׿
ӣҲΨˡ
ǿϧѾȲҪ̤Ԫ֮󣬻ʲôطʵֻʲô硭
ӣֻڴԺˡ
ϷҹֵˣǸеź
ˣСʱ䣬λץʱȡīǰ֮ȫ״̬ѣ



£֡ҹϷһˣ׷ɢѡһʼչ
ڷ֡Ϸʥ˵Сʱĵʱȫԣ
ڣԿճһʱֻ
罣
һ׸ߵľ޷ɽڣȫ߶罣ϵشţҪʥָʹĳ̶ȣֻҪһʱ䡣
һ뵽罣֮󣬷ֵĳնͻʣ־ЩƲסļ
ףھ޷ɽۣɣХ˿糱죬׵ӣȴʯ˿
ϣƽ̯˫ϥ֮ϣһ׵˫֮⣬ȥȻħƽצ΢΢
һ׵ħƽצҲոյѪãҪϵϤ
Ǵʥ֮ԶѰʥҪúòС


902 սʨ
ʱۣתСȥˡ
Сڣֵܶ½ָƣ⣬Ҳǧ׻ȳص˱С
һգһ춯ص޺ƽһըף͵شҡػΣ±ɫ
ಣ
ֻһīӰƾճڸ߿֮УȥȻһͷ۾ī룬Ƴ졣
ϣ
˫һī룬ʱ־ϲתԪȳ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ʱ֡Ϸҹˣȫӣ˸߿Уīࡣ
ǰ״ָ̬Σ
һڴī롣
ī밺Ȼ̧ͷСӣ״̬ѾȫָڣǾ׼ĵش
סϷҹˣȫĻŭţһĦȭƣЩȲ
һܵˣī뵭һЦڴ֮ǰҪĵشһЩѶϢ֪ǣǶںĵشһ˽⡣
Ϸҹֵˣ׷׵ɴ˫һգգضī롣
Сǣԭ֮ǰ컯ɾĺĵش˵׾پܹС
ʵϣȫʢ״̬µңҲδУ
ī
һڣڳһ˵ȣȫһ
ʲô
ȫʢ״̬µī룬δܹ˳컯ɾ
Ҫ֪īӵ龳ľΪī붼޷ĵشô׵ˣ͸ûϣˡ
ѹֵȴĵشԭĵش˵գ龳ޣ롣
׾
ǰĵشʲôΣգ龳Ĵܶ룿
Ը𱬵Ϸ׷ʵ
ī΢΢³һһһʮ컯ɾĺĵشΪ̨ҲΪŨķˮءϧΪԣĵȫγһɹѰ˸̤С
ܵ˵ĵش߹
ֱʨ룬ʥȪȣ򶴿ߣŹŵԳɽ죬Ǻ
ī
δ䣬סϷһˣʱһһ̾
ûϵڳ̨ӴĲ䣬ѰҪĵشʵǳ̨Ȼôס
ǰܸǽһߴô
ߴٵ
ī΢΢ͷⶼӦõġ˵ţī΢˼Ƭ̣˼ţܵ˵ߴв𾳽۷ʵ׿춯أеж𾳽֡ˣÿһи龳֣ͽڶ࣬κһܹᲢ۵ġ
δ䣬Ϸҹ׵һ˵ȣȫϢһϣĿࡣ
ÿһв𾳽۷򣿡
ڣеж𾳽֣
龳ʿ͸Ӷˡ
ÿһʥӣȫεѣĸֱ
û뵽컯ɾеߴȻ˵Ŀֲ۷ͲܹᲢ۵ġ
Ҫ֪ݹ壬Ϊĸ֣Ҳֻв𾳽磬ˣҲǧѵһֻһЩоԶĹвŻв𾳸
ǵһܡĹźҵ桭ǲ𾳽֣Ĵڣ壬ҲָĴڡ
˭룬컯ɾĺĵشȻڶĲ𾳽֣ڣͬһУŶ𾳽֡ͳһ죬Ų۷徳Ϊһʲôĸ
ϺһܣĹźҵ棬ҲδŲ۷Ϊ
ѹ֣īҿºڣûһܹ컯ɾеߴᲢۣ
ƽĸʥǣīŵĻȻвζȴҲҲʲôĻ
컯ɾųСɾŨ֮ԶеһЩˮܹᲢ۵ġ
컯ɾܹĲ𾳸֣Ҳʮ
΢΢ͷֲࡣ
˵ǶˣѰޣ޷컯ɾᲢۣһεĴڡ
Ƚһʨ롣
һɫٿȻʥӣīɫž޲ĳʨ룬λڳ̨ĶϷռؼ㣬ʥ򶴿ߡ˼壬ʨ룬ʨһء˵ʨͷֱǻʨħʨսʨͷʨһɫǲ𾳽ĴܣУսʨʵΪֲ̤˲۷徳磡
ʨǳ⣬ʨʮѪսʺϴʨĵشԣҲ׼ʨǰ̨
ī
סϷҹֵˣһɫ԰ֽžţưܷһ㣬ÿһ˾ǵʹͷĬĬīĻ
ǶԻʨħʨսʨţ̵ӡ
ҽһ򶴿ߡ
ī˵򶴿ߣһľۼءܵ˵һ츳Ƚһ㣬ǣһķȴĪģԣ򶴿ߵһֱǰéĴڡ
ȻˣһǺǵģʨͬ򶴿ߵֻһǾͨ󣡡
ȻֻһǣͨʵȴΪֲ֮ʢսʨڣ̲
īһͨɫʱһ˿ء


903 ɽ
ϷҹһˣȫϢһϣͨһΪ̵ӡ
ͨ򶴿ߵʵ֮ǿսʨ֮ϣǳֲ
ͨǰ壬ܹ俹Ҳָ
ǰ򶴿Ƿʺ̨ͨ
Ϸʵ
ī΢΢ҡͷһΪ̰壬һ򶴿ߣ̾ͻǧʱ򣬿ǻûų̨ģҪһغɳһѺˡ
סֵܾһ
Ȼ򶴿Ҳʲôõѡ
īһ٣ܵҽһŹŵŹŵǳء˵ɾŸǳϵɵģʵɲ⣬ϧΪ̫ڵ͵ԵʣҲ֪Źŵ죬ǺηʥʲôľΪ
ӾŹŵսŹŵǰéĴڣ
أߴУΪ󣡡
īһ˵Źŵ֮жʱ¶һĨ羴֮顣ڽʱ򣬾ûгֹ
ײһգգ۾ʲôŹŵɾŸϵɵģǻ᲻Ĺйأ
ӹһתʱ뵽һֿԡ
ݹ壬ĹȻΪϵˡ컯ɾгһŹŵųɾŴɣ˵Ĺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ৡ
ʱ񡢷֡ҹȫɴţۣ˫˸˸Ź⣬һϢأЩѪڵĸо
˵ŹŵɾŴĹɵôƾŷ֡ҹĹʥӵݣ˵õЯ࣬һ·ͨ衣
ŷ֡ҹе˸˸⣬ī뵭һЦҲ֪һԿ϶ǣŹŵеĹ壬ĹңҪϡɣöࡣΪŹŵеĹ壬ǴɽľŴ壡ĹҲûʲôϸ𣡡
֡ҹǵһ
ɽĹ壿
ʱڳһ˵ȣһľ֮ɫ
˵컯ɾǴ˵еĹͶɵСɽ硣컯ɾ֮󣬾°ɽŸĵӣ컯ɾ֮УϢܹܿܿѰҵϳ̨ˡ
ǾŹŵУ󲿷츳׿죬ɹɽ°ӣ̶컯ɾе飬Ϊˣ컯ɾе飬Ҫһ
īϣÿһֶһͷô׵˵顣
ûϵ˵еĹɣ˵ĿֲȻܹ°ɽĵӣڣսʨּͨĴڣɸ°ӣǻһͶ컯ɾ֮С
ھŹŵеĹ壬ĹҲûκιϸʵϣֻǴɽĹ塣
仰˵Źŵȫɽã۶ɵһ
ȻŹŵѪԴͷλڴ˵еɽ磬ɽĹ壬ô׷Դ֮󣬾Ϳ֪ŹŵľŴ壬ĹһҪϵöࡣ
ϾĹҴ棬ҲʹӻĹſʼɽеĹ壬ȴӵԪĹ塣
֮䣬ǧ𣬸һλĴڡ
ԭΪŹŵĹһеģˣ
ź³һ
ǰŹŵȻǴɽĹ壬һӵɼطԼϵ֮գ
գգ˫һЦ
īͷǵȻʵϣ͸ǵġնɳڷ֡ͨھŹŵڣҲǳھŹŵ֣֮
סϷҹֵˣȫ΢΢һһī롣
նɳڷ֡ͨ岿ɼҷȻǳھŹŵ
ǰ⾿ô£ɼҷôھŹŵأ
¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ī΢΢̾Ϣ˫֮гһ֮ɫƺ˱˵£λҵˣǾŹŵڲһĵϵԣõɼҷϧžŹŵΪɽҲûӹһ٣
ʲôīˣȻǾŹŵĵϵ
ġھŹŵҲǷǳĴڡ
׶ھŹŵʱһֱ㺡
ǰȻˣǾŹŵһĵϵôŹŵϵǳҪ·ǰ̨ûʲôˡ
ϷһȲ
˭룬īȻ̾Ϣص³һҡͷԵʵϣΪǩƽԼΪΪ׽ˣҲɱ֮ڣпܳΪŹŵصĶ󣬳Ϊϣϳ̨ˡҵĴ
īһľ֮ɫ
סҹֵˣһī룬ء
ī˵˸档


904 ɫ
ǰ
ΪˣΪɱ֮أҿ˼ȻǾŹŵеһϵӦûʲô˸ڶ䲻գ
֡Ϸҹˣͷ
֮ǰīҲ˵ˣŹŵߴУһĴڣȻˣȨ죬һľͷ
þŹŵûһӶˡ
˵
īҡͷ꣬ҽߴȫϣǾͻ֪ˡ
һ٣ī΢ƽһ飬ҪܵʥȪȡ
ʥȪȣһƿصһҲҵĳء
ī
δ䣬ס֡Ϸˣȫ΢΢һһ˫˸˸Źī롣
ûϵʥȪһƿصûϵǣʥȪȾȻīĳء
ԭΪī컯ɾеڶһûʲôԺյ׵ˡ
ϧԴҳ֮󣬾ͲҲûлصʥȪˡ
ī̾Ϣ
ţ
üͷһ壬Ϊʲô
˽ƵĿ⣬ī¶֮ɫһ壬жУΪµȵ룬߲ͨʣʺ硣һȵɫ롢ɫ롣˫ɫ룬һзǳ츳׿Ĵڡ
ó
Ϸҹֵںʥӣʶ㣬СĶżǰͷ
һ壬һɣƤëɫԽǷḻôѪ츳Խǵ¡
ƤëɫԽǵһôʵԽǿ
˵һ룬߲롢ɫ룬ɫѾǷǳĴˡÿһɫ룬ӵſ츳
˫ɫ룬͸Ϊϡˣݹһ壬ǷëǵĴڣ֮ӡ
ȻˣһΪĴڣǴɫ롣
ʥȪУɫܹͷÿһͷӵŻصܣǲ𾳽ĴڡֱΪнϵĵ룬룬һ峤⣬дɽǧ׽룬ԼɽԨ¯Ļ룬󣬻ɽķ롣
īһ˵һĵɫ룬ɫӣɫϾ˵һΪ֣ص顣
סϷҹˣȫľһ
ûϵʥȪоȻͷɫ룬ңͷɫ룬Ȼ飬ϡ
Ϸһ֪Ȼ飬ӵѪ츳ȫʲôѪܹᲢ۵ġ
ֱִʣҲֻд˵еĹɲˡȻɽȻͷɫ룬컯ɾ֮У
һľ֮ɫе𶯡
ɫĴ˵ںһʥӣ٣š
ͨ˵ɫ붼ǷǳĴڡȻĴɫ룬͸Ƿëǣһеߡ
û뵽ʥȪоȻͷȻĴɫ룡
ǰ㲻ҲǴɫôĪǣҲȻģ
ٿأǷ´½һһէضī롣
ৡ
ʱ֡ϷҹˣҲĿתضī룬ɫŹ־
ȷīȫīȻҲһͷɫ룬һУƤëɫԽǵһѪ츳Խǳ׿Ĺɣīȫǿ롢롢롢Ტ۵Ĵڣ
˵ûǰī룬ͨīǴɫ룬ʥȪеĵλӦ÷ǳŶԣ
־
ˡ
ϷŨü壬֮ǰǰ˵ԼһͲʥȪ𣬿ǣʥȪʲôһͷӵ޾Ǳĵɫ룿
˵ɻʱԽԽŨ

ī̾ϢһȷҲǵɫ룬Ҫܹ뻯ѪоѪ츳Ѫܹһɳ죬Ϊȵ롢ĴڡϧԴһ⵽ĳӣڵ£ʥȪȸ˳ûл뻯ѪأһڵĴɫѪ
ΪһĴ˵Уī𡭡ǲһȺгһͷī룬ôζһ彫⵽
ī˫ɵùԲѪ䡣
סϷҹֵˣһ
ûϵīȻԢ⡣

ϷҽУƾһϵĴ˵ͽӵ޾ǱδҲ̫ĺˣ
̫ƽˣ
ҧгݣŭ壬ɲܹѡ飬ΪҪִʵǲƽ
һʱ䣬׵ˣȫΪīеޡ
īЦ̾ϢʵϣǷãҲлһͻᱻɱУ
δ䣬סϷҹˣȫɫһһŹֵī롣
ǰǷĶӣ
׾
ī³һ˫ʧǳ޾˵֮У֮󣬲ҵȷǷĶӡ


905 Ѫ
˵һżΪϸĵȼƶȡ˫ɫ룬ɫɫ߲룬ŽȻͬĴܶʱ򣬴һ;һһеݵλ⣬ΪµԵʣΪ˱ѪһһҲֻܹͬһȼȺѡż
ɫֻѰɫΪżɫҲֻѰɫΪżôȫǷֹѪӵѪϵѪ
īǣҵĳɡ˵īȻ̧ͷ˫֮о˸˸ΪҵĸףȻĴɫ룬ףȴһͷΪӵȡΪ߲룡

סϷҹˣȫٿȻɫԼĶ䡣
īĸףôɫ룬ɽķ룬Ȼһӵȵ˺
ͺǧһ·ؤΪһȼ̫⡣
Хһ˿ǵ⣬īĬã촽΢΢ţƺ޾ĳԹȴ޴˵
뷢֮ŭΪһ֮Բسҵĸףҵ棬ҵĸ׷ʵʩ˲п棬ֱӽѹɽ֮£ֻأҵĸףǲǧֿ̣ǻңû
īҧѪڵٲȻѾ޵˹
ҵĸȫ飬Ҳ˳ҺҵĸףһʢգʥȪֻǽҸˣҴӽϽ̤ʥȪȰ벽ҲϽһκεһɱ⣡ԺҾͱһҰ֣ڻޱߵ컯ɾ֮Уεһ»Ұ
ī㱣ɫ
ĵ룬ʵ̫۸ˡ
֮ϣһĨ֮ɫƾʲôһҪŵȣƾʲôɫͲ߲ϲδҲ̫ظˣ

Ϸ΢΢̾Ϣһ󺺵˫УȻỨ
ǰţֻҪ㲻һܹɱʥȪȣĸףɽȳĸϴѩޣ
͵սȭͷķһ졣
ԣīһȻҡҡͷСӣ֪жôÿֲң롢ΪܹԿĴڡңѪ츳꣬Ҳûаʱ
üͷһ壬ǰҲǴɫ룬Ϊξûлһˣ
īһ겻ѣһ壬֮ͬ໥֮츳࣬Ĳ࣬ڽ뻯Ѫ֮ڹϷ׭ٻ֮£һѪֳ֮ġ
ͨ˵Խӵȵ룬ڻѪеõɱԽСɫ롢˫ɫ룬ܹõʵɱ䣬˵һ뻯Ѫأô˫ɫ롢ɫ̾ͻһɳ죡ɫ롢߲ԶԶ˦󣡡
ڴɫ룬ǻõĴ֮
ϧΨȻ룬ҪѪصĸƾڵϣܹеǱѪ츳״̬̥룬ҪѪеĹϷ׭ٻܹһѪ
ȻһзǳĴɫ롣ǣȴȻԣͬҪ뻯ѪУһҵѪĻҵǱޣ޷롢롢࿹⣡
ڣһЩѪص˫ɫ롢ɫ룬ҪҵǱ󣡡
ī
סϷҹˣȫҽéٿ
ԭһȻ룬Ҫ뻯ѪأûѪеĹϷ׭ڵѪǱܣܹǱܼ״̬ĻֻΪ֮
ȻǴɫ롢˫ɫ룬ҲֵһᣬܿͻΪƽӹ֮
ϧѾˣ޷̤һ벽˵뻯ѪؾѪˣ
ī밦̾
סϷҹֵˣһɥ
츳һʿ˵ҪԲԶ
ܶʱ츳һʿޡȻˣͬһЩ츳ƽӹķ֮ƾŸָ֮Ӷ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ǣǸʵ̫ãˣ
ģҪӵ㹻ʵһҪʥȪȣǰԡѪأʹѪɱ䣡
͵߬ȭͷ
ˣǰ
ٿأʵ֮ǰ˵Ϊ㣬ɥȪôһ£
ԣīȻһЦʵ˵Դ֮ǰҶ»ҰһȻ֪ʥȪԼļ԰ǣȴԶ޷̤Уûͬңָо˷ĵظоį¼šãһǰǺ֮̽Уˡ
һգЩҿ˼ʱ־ҡ
ң󷽵ؽ鵤ҩĵرҷ⣬ǩƽԼҵֵܣ
֮ǱΪΪõĴңܿʹһƬأ컯ɾ
īӣ˫˸˸Ź⣬ǻص˵ܷ״̬֮Уò˵ҵǸţ츳֮ߣҼʿ֮͵ģڶ̶̵ʱڣ˳Ϊ龳֣ңΪԵʣͬ׶иûж֣ڣ̤龳֮ĵڶ죬˳ڳ̨ʵٸ̨ףһٻ˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨ھʮŸ̨һöӣ˳һǧ龳۷֣


906 
һȫĿ࣬
ûϵīӵ˾޵츳ո̤龳ܹһǧ龳۷֡
ֿ츳ںĵشض֮ӵĵطԵøó͡
˵ҵˣڳ龳ٻ̨Ͽ֮һȳΪϣϳ̨ϣ֮ӡ
ͬʱҵˣھŹŵеĵλҲһɳ죬Ϊ˺ľ񣬷ͷ֮һʱڣҲմ⣬Ϊ˾Źŵƻƣۣò硭
˭룬ʱҵĴٶʥȪȵע⡭
īһУʼһ˵˵ǵī븨ˣ֮࣬Ϊߣкһ壡
˵īԵ쳣ķŭӶ鲻ԽزǺһȦףǲʹҵңºɣ˵ʥȪҪ½ңڣһ߼ҡڣὫҵĸףɽ·ųĸؾۣ
סϷҹһˣȫ΢΢һһѺ
ΪеҪĸףԣûκεĳɣʹǰʥȪȡ
īҧгݣ˭룬ûȵʥȪȣڰ;У˾úʱĻ룡
飬Ҳܹµˡǻ˵ͽҸסǧֿĥҡ
ǵҪɱҲˣԡǣȻҵһնҵҲȦ֮Уҵˣ֪ɽлƫɽУΪ˾һϧᣬգɥ֣֮
ңΪ˵սһ١
īɤ˻ơ
紵סϷҹˣƾմһ£ÿһ˵飬óء
ʥȪʵ̫޳ˣȻʹĵֶΣҲ˳Ц
ҧгݣš
˵Уĳ̫ƽʢ֮ףǼ࣬ûϵһȻ˵ļթɣֱڤеĶ޲𣡡
֡
ǰʥȪƲɱ˾Źŵϣ֮ӣǾŹŵûзأ
ٿȻŹŵأߴΪûʥȪȵ衣
Ȼ
ǾҵһμʶŹŵʵڽڣŹŵ񾡳ɱʥȪȣҹزɱ¾ڶ̶̵¼䣬ͽһɱ˽֮ࡣ롢롢𾳽죬ҲˣΪ̣
ΪŹŵҪʥȪȳ׽֮ʣº󣬾ŹŵʥȪƺĳЭ飬˵븶˷ǳŻȡ˾Źŵ˱֮١һۣʥȪӹһ٣Źŵ񣬴Ժ󣬾ͺŹŵΪУǺŹŵչԽԽ󣡡
ī
ľп꣬û뵽ŹŵȻӵ˾˵ʵȻܹڶ̶̵ڣһɱ룡ؾһ֮ʥȪȾԪˣԶ
֪һķ£һʧ˽һˣҪָԭ״̬ǳѡ
ϧǣŹŵûнס롯롮롯ɱ
һɱҸ׵֣һǲɱ˵Ķħ񶼻ң⡭
ī޵Ĭã³һһʱ䣬ұ֣跹˼һǰŹŵھŹŵĵǰŹŵ˱ѩޡϧǣŹŵұչزƾھŹŵǰ꣬۷紵򣬵һļʯ
Źŵۿȥǰ취˰ȥҵۣҵƣҸߣ»ұ̤ŹŵһĻͬɱ⣡
ī͵һ߬ȭͷǸʱҾ֪ҪþŹŵұѩޣȫܵ飡
֮䣬ΨԼʵģһУٿն
ϧҵʵܱѩޣ
֮£ֻô˵ĹǻңƬɽ֮УĹغǧꡭ
īɤҶôϣǸ˲ˣңҲǸΣҺ˰
ɪľ
ǰȾƣ
̾Ϣһ촽Ƭ̣Ҳ֪Ȱοī룬ݺ³һһһ̳Ӹٻ˳һ˸׳졣
īſһһɹҾƵʱӿ룬ֱȴԽԽ񫣬ԽԽ
ǰڰ˳䡣
Ϸֵˣһīơ
ˣѾȥǧˣѾпʵ
ī˰֣³һ
ѾųʥȪȡ򶴿ߡŹŵʨ룬ѡ񡣡
ҹһҾƣʣ±Ǻ졢Գɽط
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵īϣڴīվ
Գɽ˼壬ǾԳһľۼء
Գɽ֮УŸָľԳǳ׿ƶȥΣЩɥȲѣԲҪԳɽ
ī
ǰǾ뱩ǺҪȥıأ״˴֣ЩȲ
죬Ƿһľۼءͬǣ죬ɾŴý۶ɡÿһý磬óһ죬ܹ죬ԽϣԽŨǣҪϾ죬ûôףͨ˵ʵԽߣܹϸߵʡһܹĵӣǺľ񣬻ܵࡣ
Ͼģ˵ֻֻһӥһǰ
īҪӾǰ̨ҪУ


907 
ʲô
Ҫǰ̨ҪԽ죿
Ϸҹֵˣȫɫ䡣
īĻпԵ֪Ͼֻӥ밵ǲ۷弶Ĵڣ׵ҪԾ죬ûпܵ顣
ĵӣ޷Խ죬ҪԽ죬ǳ˵Ρ
Ϸҡͷ̾Ϣ죬ҲȥˡֻʣһǺԸΪǵجΣ
֡ҹ׾ӿЦ
ǺǣȲҪɥ
һεϷˣīһЦڼǧǰ˲紳ʱڻԵɺ֮£ʶ˾𽣬һӵ龳ΪھλӸλ˾ְϣӵŲСĻȨ
ţֻҪҳһ飬ǳͨڣǲѴ֮ͷԽ죬ǰ̨
īһЦԵг
δ䣬סϷҹֵˣȫɫϲһ㵸
̫ˣû뵽ǿԲѴ֮ǰ̨һǱԱʵȫʵǳ̨ˣ
Ϸ˷ܵػȭͷ
ˣǰ
촽ʵߴУһǺûнܣⱩǺʲôģǺηʥ
ৡ
ʱ˾䣬
˵Ǻû졭
īüͷһЦʵϣǺһƬȫҵĵһУͽһƬҵĿռ䣬ŸָĿ޾ĿռʱὫ˺飬У˿ûзУܿԭˣһվ˵Ҫ뱩ǺףҪͷǳˡʿ뱩Ǻ̽գȴҲû߳
ȻˣǺҲûֻǣеû׽
ǺߴУӦ˶Ϊϡٵһ֮Уû˵Ǻ
ǣݹ컯ɾȴûκһóȻ뱩ǺΪǺضֶӵ滷¡
ī΢΢һЦһζ׵ˣȻˣΪǺԣһֱûзǺǺҲΪߴΨһһ⿪ŵĺ񣬱Ǻڿ״̬ʵ˵Щ̾ڱǺеҲûȫһƬҵĿռ䣬˵ڱǺУĵռ䣬Ȼδ״̬˼̲޾ıأΪˣŻʿޣԱǺ֮ͣ
סϷҹˣȫ΢΢һ¶һḬ֮̃ɫ
չ棬뻢Ѩɵûӣ
˶
ֻǣԵǰ˵ʵҪսǺδЩ
׵ˣȫ龳ʿе뱩Ǻ˲ֻа벽Ԫ磬뱩Ǻֻһ֡
֪ÿһ춼ǧƵ޴뱩ǺͼڱǺѰĵرǣʮȥҲѿһӰŴӱǺг
δ䣬סϷҹֵˣȫûɵشһ
ڱǺΪ־塣Ȼһ뱩ǺǾһ
ڣǻ뱩Ǻ𣿡
īµ׵ˡ
ҶȥǺ컯ɾвѾ˱ˣαȥֿԣ
罣ƴҡš
ϷҹҲԴҡǲ˹һ㡣
Ǻôһĵлᣬҵһ̽
Ψ״ײ˫˸˸Ź⣬ƺΪ
ˣǸóˡǵλãµг̣һ·ϣǶҪֽǡ
ϾǼǰ컯ɾĺĵشеգԲΧܹᲢ۵ģ
ī
ˣȫ񾯱
ȵ
ǡ
ǡ
ʱҹϷֵˣ׷׾ս׼
СӣȻѾʥ߾ˡ
ٿأīĿһתȫŷļ񣬵ؿһ
һƣЩ󣬡ٺ٣ҲûʲôһСģͳֵǣΪһʥ߾˶
Ȼ˵ĺ֮ϣȴ˿ûһ˿ǫѷɫ
ϧ̽ʥ磬ĻȻûʲôϣǫ́Ͽɣ
˭룬һ仰ͺһˮͷ˸͸
ಣಣಣಣಣ
īĴ֮£ȫưܵıзӶȫԪƣһս
ণ
ɫĵ׵ԵΪǡ
СǣٽҵıУȵ˾죬һ֪ͨǵġ
īſһ̣ʱһεϯ׵˸һޱ޼ʵıС׵Ҳֻһתȵǰһȶ֮ٷȥڲ֣̹ǣȻڤ֮С

īವһΪһ⣬ֱԶշӶȥ
УסϷ֡񡢶ҹƸߡׯܹˣÿһ˶ɫϲԵ÷ǳ˷ܡ
֮⣬еЯǧ׻ȳ棬һɽ̰Ѱʳ
ܹ컯ɾĵشɲѰʥܹ顣
һ뵽˵еĳ̨˾ࡢ۷׷ףͷһγԶŽεĺͯüһ˵˷ܡ
ǰ
ٿأɢī빴񣬡һ飬˸ˡڼǰĵشգͬʱٶƣƺϰٸʥͬʱɽ٣
īȻһʲôϰʥͬʱɽ٣Ǻη˵ҡײУСӣܽķλô
׵յţһһʮزī롣
īզпûжϴĻӦھŹŵΧҲ֪ŹŵõʲôĵرȻܹʹϰʥͬʱϧҲ޷Źŵ벽ĻһҪȥһ̽
ǰһ仰Ҳ֪˵
ԵЩԥ
ʲô飬˵޷
īˬʵ
ǻɣϰͬʱɽٵʥӣпڲɽ
׳
ɽ
ԣīüͷһôɽʥӣҲ컯ɾ֮У
ֹ컯ɾ֮У˵컯ɾڣǲɽֵġ⣬ɽǲǧʥ컯ɾ֮Уƺƴ󡣸ǣⲻɽΪթȻʹʥӳ䵱ڻңǿнʥӸֿһ飬һҲûܹ벻ɽԴˡ
ڣɽԳûʥӸϾɱ
ҧгݡڲɽֶУ޵
ôһ˵ҵˡ
ٿأī뾪һھŹŵеƻʱ򣬽ʶһ龳ĳϣϷǳŹ֣һ̣ŵˡÿǧ꣬Ҫ컯ɾһ⣬˵컯ɾÿǧ꣬ͻһʱֹͣƯֻҪ¼ܹ꣬ҵ컯ɾڡ
ʱҵڻǫ́Ͽɣһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾǸ̵ĳϣҵˣһŴеĲɽ
ī


908 ų
ٿһ̵ľŹŵϣǲɽ˰գҪȻΪÿǧ꣬ҪѾ컯ɾѰҽ컯ɾڣң˴Ÿɽ
һ˵ɽŹŵϵ־ֿ֡
ĳ̶ֳ˵׵벻ɽȫжԵġеĲɽʥӣͲ°ʵϣ컯ɾ֪ɽ䵱ڻҵʥӣԲɽ֮ǣͲýɽΪƽأϾɱ
ûϵǣɽȻ컯ɾǿĿɽ
ɽǾŹŵ
˵ǾŹŵɽôɽȫ㹻ĵӺʥӣصıϾɱ
Ҳֻ̫֪ǸչţҳƺΪųϡ
īҡҡͷϾϵĹϵҲ̫УܹҲֻм档
΢΢ͷȴΪ
ǲɽǾŹŵоϽôвͷǳֲˣпܻҪѹĹһͷ
ÿǧ꣬ɽʥӾܹ컯ɾԴԲѰܹᲢ۵ġ
СӣҲֵǡ
ī΢Ƭ̣Ȼ֪꣬ǣһϵе˿һԶ϶ɽŹŵû̫ܵϵпֻųϵĸ˹ϵȽаˡ
üͷһγԣ
һųϣȻӵ龳Ϊǣûڳ̨һöʶӣԣھŹŵȻг֮ƣݵλԽĸ߲㣬Ҳû㹻ĻȨòɽΪŹŵϽ
ڶųϿҵǰ壬ɽţ˭룬Ȼҵ˸һڻؾѵһ١ɴ˿ɼųھŹŵûʲôӰҪȻּëƤС£ҵҲ˲档
ɴ˻Զ϶ɽֻǹų˽Źŵϵ󡣡
īϸ
ͷ΢΢̣ǰԼǣɽ벻ǾŹŵϽ
һ뵽ɽ컯ɾеĿɽǾŹŵֻǾŹŵһϣ׵֮ϣʱ¶һĨЦ⣬һ˫üͷȻһ֣˵ɽܹϾŹŵ󴬣ѾЦˡ˵ֻҪųڣɽȫ컯ɾԴҪҵ컯ɾڣûôס˵ǧ֮컯ɾֹͣƯٶȿɽֻʥӳ䵱ڻˡ
ī뵭һЦ޷ֻҪһܹ˳ڳ̨һöʶӣô͵õ˳̨Ͽɣһ֮䣬컯ɾʱȨޣҪȹųϴöࡣ
ԣ׵ʱһ˫ǳ
ȷʵҪڲɽ֮ǰҵ컯ɾڣΨһİ취ǻǫ́Ͽɣ
һȫԽ컯ɾԼҵĺ԰컯ɾзչһ
ǰ˵ųϣ벻ɽʲôϵ᲻ǲɽʥӣ
׶ھŹŵųϵݣԵΪ档
ûпܡ
īնطԹûһʥӣܹڶ̶̵ʮ䣬ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һöʶӡֻҪûлǫ́Ͽɣôʮһ컯ɾʥӣᱻ͵ʱȥǾŹŵĹųϣȻûлǫ́Ͽɣô;ԲǲɽʥӣҲ᳤õ컯ɾ
׻Ȼص˵ͷ
ȷôһ¡
ǹųǲɽʥӣôֻ컯ɾдʮ꣬ʮһͻᱻڵһöط׭뿪ǣܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һöʶӡ
ǣӹ񣬻ûһʥӣܹǫ́ϿɣԣųϾԲǲɽʥӡ
Ҫų벻ɽ֮Ĺϵס
ҡҡͷжһţô˵Ĳɽ˵в
ѹֲɽһ͵һ̶ĸûУڲɽ˶һͷˮоصġԭⲻɽһɸ˵ľء
΢΢ҧ
һʱ䣬ʵǳ̨Խǿˡ
ȻҪƲɽ컯ɾԴ¢ϵλֻ취һǻǫ́Ͽɣӽ󣬿컯ɾκε
ڶɱųϣȫжϲɽ컯ɾϵ
ȻҪɱþŹŵ龳糤ϣǶϷ٣׵ûʵ
ī룬Ҳû˽Źŵɱųϡңôķ̫ȫûбҪΪ
ϢʮҪȺֵһ¶Բߡ
У͵˫΢΢³һһУһֵܸٻԣʼŹŵ벻ɽľء
Ϸҹ֡ˣһľÿһ˶ڲɽһȫµʶ
ѹֲɽð֮踣ö֮ؿɱʥӣԭоŹŵްڱ
Ϸü
ҪԸɽƾһ֮ǶȻɵġ
Ǵ컯ɾȥ֮󣬶Ҫ˵Եţһսˣһ̤ϲɽɽΪƽأ
ߺߵҾͲţڶĹҵԸһͷβĲɽ
ֵܶڲɽһʹ߷߲ѡ
ĩˣҹΪλһȰৣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ҹϣ׻˵²òͷδǫ́Ͽ֮ǰɽܱܾͱܣ̣Ҫ䷢ͻϾɽ컯ɾǿ׳ǿĿɽһͷߡ
Ȼص֮˲١ʱ򣬾ǾŹŵҲԲе顣
ҹԸ𱬵Ϸһʱ嶯ѰҲɽ鷳
˵öԡ
׵˵ͷ
ֵܵʱģɢѰƧ֮ؿʼ


909 ɽ
ಣಣ
УѤõ˲仮񷣬ǣָ֮䣬ǧ￪⣬ٶ֮죬Ѹס
֮˻һɹɽֶ£ŵøһЩޣ׷׶ӿ
Ӱһһ죬ȻԪھ龳֡
Уһɫ꣬𡣻Եɺ֮£𻢵õľ˳ش߻ħ״̬лָ˹һıаĵƿʼ𽥵ػָ
ԼĪһµʱ䣬Ԫһ·ͨ裬ǷɵϷ˾Χ
ȥĹУѿһֻ޵Ӱѣʰ쵵ķݣڸ߿ָ쳹ʡ
һݵ԰
ķݣһԪӰǷ׷˱ᣬֹͣӵһԪԶȥӰ־ϲƺ顣
ಣಣ
ʱֵ磬գԪӰһɸ߷ɽ䣬һ޷壬Լɣȫĵش·;
Ȥǣ˿ʮͷݣھ޷Ͽգͣسײž޷ϿյνƣҪԽ޷壬ĵش
𡭡
ͷһֻݣһֻ͵ͺգ磬ӵʥΪĺ£糱Ĺк£ɾ޷壬ƺҪ޷ײ顣
ϧɾ޷ı棬ȻһεĽƣƾͺι򣬶ʯ
쿴
ԪһЦָŸ߿Ұʮֻͺգв֪ȤСһˣҲһҪļһ
΢΢̧ͷ߿еͺգ˫֮ӳһĨͷɫڵëԽԽùˣ
˵ţ͵رһס֣Ұ̺һɿ񱩵ԪֱôعѣҡػΡ
߿еʮֻͺգȫײɾ޷壬ûвͻԪƽһըװıȣŵøεѣЩһͷӸ߿׹
ǡˣ
𣬱Ϊ𽣬ھеһְǿɵﲻ𣡡
ʮͷͺյʱܿʹ˹ʶһǰҾ
֪ǰδԶӭ
ͷһֻͺգ
ΪҪɽ
üͷһ
ǰͺһľӢӣһֱΧεһĵشΪ˵֪ǷݵʥأǺ㽡Ǽֵ֮󣬾ĵش죬Ϊһӡ
ΣǸҲڣ·;ͱɾ޷赲֮£ųֹɽǰҪ
ͷͺճ
ǺǣרԸʬͺһ壿
һƣһЦĪǾãǾʲôëŵôרԸʬͺգȫһɸζ죡
ڣ̸ҹ
ŭȳ
Ԫ˫ֱأһζضʮֻŭͺա
㡭Ȼ˴Сͺһ壡ͺһȷ츳ƽƽϲʳʬ壬ʲôëǾֻ츳Ѫ˵ط
ͷͺйȻϣ淴Ļ
ޣʲôֵýģͺһҲ⣬ǼͺһľӢȻŶûͱ³ߣδҲ̫ˡ
ҿ붼Щҷǲ˵Ҳһ£
⼸ͺգһĿ֮УɱȻǲԸŭĺ֡
бһʮֻŭͺգҡͷһЦһУһöë״ķ׭ʱ֮Ưವһ𻯷ɽ䡣
¡¡¡¡
ʱһıƬ̼䣬һʮɸߣʮɿĿռƾճ˵֮С
ëǲֺ޴ÿء
ԪЦЦתͷбһһȺ߷߲ѵͺգһȺСҲԣǲˡҲգұ㿴ǵϣһ
ϽҰɣΪҴɱͬ࣬ԣǽҶһ١
ָſռĮһЦˣҪĻ̤ռңֻҪ˳ռͿԳΪһӣ֮ٻ󡢻ԵˣҲĴˡ
˵ţವһΪһ⣬˫һ񣬾˿ռ֮С
ٶ֮죬ȵʯգۼ䣬㳹ʧ١
һ䣬һռһҪ㾡ȫʩչٶȣ򲻿ɵ
Ԫ죬һʮֻͺգûж˵ʲôͬΪһ⣬ವһ˿ռ֮Уʧ١


910 ɽ
̼䣬ɽɽ䣬ֻʣʮֻͺգһɫŹ֡
ޣһռȻ˵ôҾͲţԪ۷徳磬Ȼ޷һռ
һͷͺհδ䣬͵˿ռ֮С
ৡ
ʱеͺգȫĿ˸˸ؿռ
ಣ
ֻһͺյӰһռ͵һţһɹɿ񱩵Ŀռ㽫䳹ɣͱһ
ֲһĻʣͺУɵõһһңɫϾ
ӣҪ˳ףҪǳڵٶȲУһٻ̾ͻᱻռɱɲƬ
ͷһʥͺҧ
ٶȣ
һͷͺյʱüͷ壬һĿ֮ɫͺһ壬ϲʳʬ壬ҪٶıȻ˵ǣѲԸʬ壬ǣͺһѪ츳ȴǶʱԸıġ
ʵϣͺһڷ츳ϣ㲻ϳڡڣڷУҪΣ
˵ڳʮֻͺȫ̾Ϣһ
ȷ츳ͺһȫó
λ١ӵԪΪȫУӦòɥһȼѪɶݣؽٶȸʩչԿ԰еĿռ˳ڲ
ͷһͷͺ
ʱʣͺȫ˫Ѫһ״ؿʼתԪȼվѪ
һ޾Ԫ˳ϯ죬ҡػΣ±ɫ
壡
壡
ֻһȣʮͷͺһɫϾűľģ͵س˿ռ֮С
һΣÿһֻͺ֧ŵʱ䶼Ҫõö࣬ǣ֮ͬһ˿
Ψһͷʥͺգ˳һΣ˳ڡ

ͷͺգһΣʱһΣЩӸ߿׹ȥڵԪҲѵȶΣתͷĿռɵȻ£ֵǡ
ʮֻͺգֻһֻͺ˳˿ռֵܣһȫɥȪ
Сӡ
ʱԪɤͻأشͺյĶ֮Сͺһ֪ʱǰԪˣҾǰ֮ǰ˵ֻҪ˳ԽռͿ˳µؼ죬Ƿʵ
ԪһЦǧȷǻƭһСɣһ٣˫֮¶һĨ΢ЦˣǾʹȥֹµĳϡ
˵ţһӣһεֱӽͺո˳ȥ
ͺд󺧣ûϵԼʥΪԪоȻ޷֮
ԼĪһյĹԪ㽫ͺմһƬƺ֮Уȥֻƺһ̨¥ű̳أɾ֮С
ಣ
ٿأһʷֵˣƾճ˵ǰ˾ǣԲһˣȻӵ龳Ϊ⣬ֵһǣļ֮󣬾ȻһСĽ
̲ס뵽ʹ
ȻˣֻҪһ͡ĳ࣬Ͳ˽ʥʹϵһ
֣Ԫ֡
һЦ˫֮¶һḬ֮̃ɫһγɱ˶
ԪһЦʶ죬һһ㼸ͷɽʬ壬˼ɣ
һ˵Ҫɽʬ͸ԼºŷʶķӣʱÿˮֱЦеش˫֣λֵܹ˼ʲôõҵĵطܷԸҷʶûж
ԪЦŵͷǵȵľ仰
ʶ죬˵һγɾԮһСҪΪͽܣϤϧʵҪϵ죬ûпܡ
ԣʱ򣬻ͨһ£Яһҵͽܣ˳ϵ죡ֻҪ˳˵죬ôΪ³ϣʸΪ״ͽܡ
΢Ц
ʶЦظû⣬ȫСһ׮ͽʲôʱԷһ͵͵سһֽƾˡ
ͷһЦ
֪ĸСôˣȻָУҪֱΪ״ӡ
ʶĿһתһվһ޴ͺգƲƲ죬ֻһζëɣ
ò˵ʶĻǳˣֱֱȥһ⵶Ĵ̹ǡ
ͺյʱɫһŭصŷʶ졣
Ȼǡ
ҡͷһЦ֪ҵ۹һܸߡ˵ţŷʶ˻֣ԪһΣƾʧڷӿƺ֮䡣
Сӣдˣ
ʶĦǵһëбͺա
ǵġ
ͺͦǹػӦ
ãȻƾԽ˿ռǷһ壬ôʸΪһӡ
ڴ֮ǰҪзҺø㰲Ӧĵȼ䷢ͬȼӡ
ʶ΢΢һЦָһﴮľѪ˳ͺգΪԷһȽҵӣΪҵūͣһҲŻ㳢Է졣
ͺղɵΪ֮һһľ֮ɫ


911 
ʲôμӷ
ͺվ־ŭضŷʶ죬ɫŹ֡
˾鷳
ʶЩͷشߴٵСӣð˵Ļһɥʧģûʲôùӳԡ
һʶƣͺյʱҾһӻͳһöӣݸʶ죬ǰһö飬ͺһı͸ǰǰЦɡ
ʶ˫һһӣѸײڶ֮ƣͺյжȡ飬һԼǬУţ˫ֽ汧أһɤղʲô鶼δ
ġ
׻˵ֶ̣̣ڵõ˻¸֮󣬷ʶ̬ȵʱ˲٣ĹƷǳϸܹ죬ÿһ춼ضĳϷֹܡֻһˣδȷԣΪԷһҪġȵķұὫӦӡӡ֮УӡԼسΪ˾һӡʱȻ᳷ڵӣָ֮
ԣͺ΢΢ͷƺ
ǰӡʲôΪҪӡӡ
ͺ
ӡһǿķӡֻҪӡӡôھϵİӥ죬ܹ֪ͷһѱƣй¶أھ첻飬ӡ̾ͻըûɢһغ
ʶһЦ
ͺɫٿȻ䣬˫֮гһĨ֮ɫʲôӡȻ˵Ŀֲ
⡭ʲô𣿡
û뵽ȻҪôԼ
ͺշҡͷԣƺԸӡԼ
ȷ
ǽӡôͺյȫƿڱ˵УΪֹҲɡ
Ǻǣ£ʮĵӣڶӡǹء
ˣϻ˵ϽҵӣΪҲźø㰲ŷĻô϶ĳҪ죬ǵжļϸ
ʶ
ͺմ׵Ƭ̣ĩˣȻ̧ͷʶ죬Ǹ죬һҪӡˡѴ
˵ţȻתȫתԪȼھѪ׼ӿռгȥ
ţ
ԭ·أ
ʶüͷһǿŰ׳һͺգСӣûи״
ವһʶӰһΣ㶸ȻͺյǰһץһֻצǯһعסͺյĲӣΪ߾ߵĵطô
ͺձס˲ӣϢãʱЩң˫֮޾ŭ𣬡ķʶ죬ͺһϥطΪˣûֿܡұҲӣ
飡
䣬һɿ񱩵ԪʱͺյԴ֮Уʱͺյͷ­һֻһķѡ
ޣʶҲСӽеģ
ʶһ˦ֱӽͺյͷʬ˦˳ȥһز˲֣ͺգⶼһȳζǻ
峤
峤
ʱһϸٻӰ¥зӶһɴȹŮ貽ӯһֻˮЦӯӯطʶǰһƣڶϸؽЦţԵΪǡ
ϸȥÿһŮòʣǵļƴˮīзɳŮһ㡣
⣬ֵһǣÿһŮı󣬶һԽ׵ᣬ񣬹ҫˡ
ڳһڵһʱϳЩŮı塪һ塣
һŮǵòǣң츳׿ڷڹ塣
ֻûϵǣһ峤Ȼһֳªӡ
ңһ̰ƺɫˣ
죬ܹΪŸý磬ÿһ춼һ磬ר³ϹϽ
һ峤ʶ죬ǵһ³ϣϽһеĵӡ
⣬˵ķ
ܿϧǣʶƢ̫ãԣҪ˳ΪһԱҪȹʶһء
صɫģԨ纣ɽȥһƬ͵ƶ䣬Уо޾Ȼ
ɫƺ֮Уͬһ¥ű̳ء
˿̣һΡΰıڲԪһ裬ϸá
ʱǸСӳ۽ˡ
Ԫһڲ裬һЦ
˵ͷһವһ𻢵ӰƾմӱԪǰ
ڱչصϢ˿˫Ԫڸλ¹ϯض򣬹񣬡½𻢣ݼλˣ


912 
񣡡
һЦ̧̧֣Ϊվ𻢣ûпӦǽһʥӣô
ԪеĿ⣬𻢲ſڿӣͷǣλǰµȷǽһʥӣǽһ塣
ԪɵһЦ΢΢ͷ
𻢣һҽܡ
Цݺ㣬ԪǾĳϣǵ³ϣΪ𽡣ԪǵִϣΪ񡣡
δ䣬𻢲Щ㵣˫ӲӷŹ⡣
ûϵԪȻǲɶõ࣬ı𽣬Ԫıǳ񣬱һ壬Ҳ˿ضá
΢˼Ƭ̣ҲͻȻϾԪӵ龳Ϊ츳ѪһҲпԭ
ˡʶǳδŹ죬ʾ𻢹Ҿ
Сӣ컯ɾĺ˽⡣
ԪˬһЦ¸𻢽ĵشߴʥȪȡ򶴿ߡǺԳɽ졢Źŵʨһܹÿܵһý𻢴۽磬пѡ
Ȼûϵ컯ɾĵشߴȻӵۺĵ̣Զκһ壬ڣȻĹһҪϡ
ŽһɫԪ⣬ظ𻢽һ죬𻢵֪Ǻߴרɷγɵһʱɵһ
ȵ˽˾ʵܣ𻢶Ԫ
˵ܹϵݣھоھӢ˾
Ԫƿŵ죬ǵ³ִϣ֮磬ԡ
𻢣㣬ǷԸ죬Ϊһӣ
΢΢ͳɤ̺һĨϾ
Ȼڵأߵݣ½𻢣޵ܣҳΪһӣߵŰݣж£ƴǵĵ
˵ţ飬Ԫߵݣͷĵ죬λܹЯ
ɫһϲ𻢵Уһ˿Ц⣬𻢣ȻԸ죬ôȻȫЯ㡣ڣȾȵȬ֮һͻԪ磬ʱƾʵӦò⡣
Ԫ΢΢ͷѾڸķʶǰкˡμӷһ㿪ţ˳ϵ죬һͿֱӰֵ£Ϊֵ״ˣ
СӣѰĺ°
һ˵õ³ϡ𡱣ȻҪԼΪ״ӣ𻢶ʱЩ˵Ҿ
ˡ
ٿأüͷһ𻢣˵еĽһ壿ô컯ɾѾж೤ʱˣ
ڹӦˣҽ컯ɾѾˡ
΢΢ͷ΢һãʮޣʱ䣬죬Ϊҵ״ˡʮһͻᱻʱȥҲ޷ص컯ɾˡ
𻢲ɵһɫ԰ֽ
ʮһҪʱգҪٽ컯ɾҲûлˣ
ýֱཻӵĸо
ԭΪڻԵɺ֮£õʶԳΪһӣպٻ󣬻Ե˽ò˭룬֮󣬾Ҫ׸컯ɾˡ
ˣǺãһл컯ɾô
ɫ̼شʵ֪˾֮󣬽𻢶ھǱȻĹһҪֲھڹǽڽҪǰ;öࡣ
΢΢üᲢûУֻҪܹڳ̨һöʶӣǫ́Ͽɣһܹһ֮䣬컯ɾ壬ܵκεԼ
̨
һ졣
ܵеľ֮ɫĵؽһͬʱҲ𻢽Ҫڳ̨һöʶӵѶȡ
ӹ񣬻ûһʥӣܹ˳ûǫ́Ͽɣ𻢲Щɥ
𻢣㲻ؾɥ
һʵϣӦøеҲǡΪһǫ́ϿɵʦţҵȫЯ֮£лǫ̃Ͽɵġ
𣬿ǿһ飬޾ľη硣
𣬾Ȼ˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨һöʶӣ
һʲô
˵컯ɾУͷĴڣ
ݹ컯ɾ飬ܹڳ̨ʶӵģҲֻаˣ𣬾֮һ
ʣ컯ɾеĵλΪ硣
ֻ龳磬ȴܹڳ̨ʶӵ֮ӣպпܵϳ̨Ϊ˵еˣ
СӣܹõֵȫЯӦøж²ǣ
ԪˬʴЦ
ݼʦ𣡡
һ͵عڵأĿڣߵŰݣʦȫЯ
ͷһЦΪ⣬ˣ𻢣ҵıоҪʲô鵤ҩᡣָƣһһȪԪ硣
пϲ¸жµҾ
ವһһӣ𻢵Ӱʱʧԭء
ýСжĻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
ԪһŹֵ
ã֮һĸʡ
ʵǽܹΪʥһĻǫ́Ͽɡǣֻа벽Ԫ磬ûʲôϣ


913 غ
ԪĦ룬ɫŹ־Ȼ֪СӺѻǫ́ϿɣΪλҪΪ״ӣϾʮһ𻢾Ҫص壬Ҳûл̤컯ɾˡЩŬǶù
𵭵һЦ޷
Ԫ֣ˣҿǻǫ́Ͽɵһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾԣǽ޷ǫ́ϿɣҲܹǰУԽ̵𻢡
Ԫһ裬ҡͷԣ治֪Ϊ˿ؽСӣȻϧǰԽ̵˴µûе
˵ƿصĵУвѪ츳ѷڽ𻢵ݣûԴķ
񣬶ֻһ֮ԵĽ𻢣ĵ࣬ʵơ
˫֣ŷԪ֣ߴԽԽȻǾҪɱΧƾʵȫвͨҪ
˵УŲ壬һһӵϺõѪСܹǰ壬һЩڽڽ̵ţΪϽôǽиԴѪΪ䡣
һЦЦĿԶģ
Ԫ΢΢һأЩףǣ˳˵һΪϽҲֻܽδ̤ԪʥӴ컯ɾһԪ磬̾ͻڤ׵ĺɱδʥʥӣھƵӰ첢춨ʤֵģ۷ĵӣ
𵭵һЦҡͷԵԪֻ֣֪һ֪Ԫ㵵һص˵֮ҪһΪϽҪʿ˲šʵϣ˲֮⣬Դֵ׷𡣡
һ٣˵УһЩϵУӵŴ˵еĵܹõһЩô컯ɾľƣ̾ͻᷢ䣡
⣬Ȼûа취һĸ֣컯ɾֱΪãǣȴռһЩƷʾѪ͡𻯳ءǾڲһЩѪĵӣԡ޾ѪڵѪƷʣ
ڣֱӰɱһЩݸ֣ʬͻŵĵ֮ãֱɿܱһҲܴﵽƻľЧӵľ
΢΢һЦ
Ԫɵ˫˸˸Ź⣬촽飬˵
ȷ
Ȼ컯ɾеߴ޷ĵ컯ɾࡣǣԴȴȫԾӶᣬûк֮ǡڣһЩӵŲѪ飬ھ˵ҲһԴǽɱȡȫԸһЩԪӵµ֮ã⣬ɿܱҲܹս
֪뷨Ĳֻһˡ
ʵϣŹŵʨ뼸ǧǰѾʼϽˡǾҪӭͷϲǡ

Ԫ΢΢ͷǣԭһʼ֪ǸСʥӣңϽ뷨ˣ
һϯԪޱȾ塣
Ҳûʲô
΢΢һЦֹһεõ˲ٵĵ伮жһ֮ʶؽ̽ãľƣɣһЩȽ˽⡣
Ǵװ磬ҾܹжʥӡңǹкպĽһ塣
һƣ¶ױȵš

Ԫզ̾ĩˣҡͷԵȻ뷨ǳãҪжõ棬ɲǳϦ֮飬Ҫõڵ졣
ƾһ֮ҪһЩĹҵжõûôף磬ӥӥϳ֣ôὫ
Ԫͷβһ顣
ʣּķ컯ɾľӰǳ֮ÿһԸıƣĵλ
ȻʵˣҲֻ龳磬ҪһЩжȡڳ˵Ρ
ǲ۷徳İӥ֣һϣ
˭룬Ȼҡҡͷ飬븸й˵£۷óȻսϾڲ۷徳Ĵڶԣͻƿ߾磬ΪҪ顣˵ߴ۷˭ͻƲ𾳵ƿô˭ʹƽ⣬ռȻ
ԣߴ۷չǱޣ˭Ը˷һ˿һʱ䣬ΨĹؼʱ̣Żᱻ
⣬𾳽۷ڣһΧ䣬ôڵһǧɣڣҲǲܵ顣
£ɴһĺԱš
巢չϽ飬ȫȨҸ𣡡
˵ǵ³֮⣬һݣӥĶӡ
ӥͬǣı𽣬ӥʵʮΪӥǱƷ֣ӽıƷ֣ӵѪͳ
ǣѪŴԣӥһ𣬱Ϊ𽣬Ҳпԭ
ֻһԿˡԪ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ҪһԿӵŵĹ壬Ǿûпܵ顣Ͼÿһ壬ӵƾõʷۺĸ׾پܹƷġ
Ψ˵һЩһЩȻڸ䣬ս𣬲лӱĹǣ飬̫ڷӣԲǳϦ֮԰ƽ飬˵ԽԽãҪӶԴкܳһ·Ҫߡ
΢΢ܿǾͻһξѵĻᣡֻҪץסһλᣬδؾͲԶȡķ
Ԫһһ㵵
𣬴˻
Ԫ׷ʵ
˵İħ壬ֿʼ׼ˣʱƱؽһսûжϴĻϵˣпܾ컯ɾĴܣ
΢΢˫һš


914 ӡ
ʲôϵп컯ɾ
ԪϢһϣĿص
ֻҵһƲ⡣
ͣ½ŲɫϾ֪Դһս֮Ϊ˷ֹħٶ֣ܣͬϣžͲһƬؿռ֮Сħ崦棬ûа취ϣҪϣҪϵţ
ǣ飬ǾԲϣӶðħпɳ֮ԡ
ΨһϣսңƻŵҲֻ컯ɾߴĴˣ
ͷͷǵ
ôһ˵ôһ¡
Ԫ˵ͷпò˵ս컯ɾеߴ˵һԴľʱֻҪץסᣬӶҲûϣ
ңսӣ꼰㣡Ϊڤ׵ػۼĴڣҲ޷Դ컯ɾ˵밵ħɱذǧ磬Ҳ컯ɾûκεӰ죡
ΪȻصͷǡ
һ壬࣬ԶҷչһһξԮ𻢣ҾԲ׷Ź
΢΢˫
Ԫͷ΢΢̾Ϣϧδܻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һöʶӣĻһһ֮ģ
һЦһһԿط׭ƣӡ֣ԺеĵӣֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾ûǫ́ϿɵĴܣȥ塣ԣҲõƵ
еƣԪȻһͨһڵأȫɪɪ
ӡ൱׼ߵȨơڲֻаӥӵһöӡ
ѰӣӡͬӥһҪߵŰݣ˳
⣬ӡֻ𵽱ϵãԲٿеڵӡ
ֻҪ˵Υôһ֮䣬ͿԲٿӡڵӡ
ʱΥˣɢһغ
Ԫ֣֮䣬񣡡
һЦɫ԰ֽԪ
ԪµеӡվԣЩн
Ԫ֣
ٿأɫһȵ
Ԫһڵأ˫ֱȭԸ
ȥ졢졢³ϡִҪ̡
һ̴ϣյغ衣
ԪɵȻһ
졢졢³ϡִϣݵλǾΪҪԪ֮ϡ
ƽŸӥ졢졢쳤ǰأԪͲˡڲɭϵĵȼ֣ÿһ³ϡִϣҲŽȻͬݵλ
˵³ϡִϣҪԪһȼ졢ĳϣ͸Ǹ˺üȼ
ͨԪֻбķݣĸ졢졢쳤ϵǰָֻţ
ȻԪ졢졢ĳҪ£
ȫ˸𱰡
һ뵽Уһöӡ֮Ԫȫûһ˿һĹǣ¹˫һ񣬵ʱҡֱϾʧãã޼ʵ֮С
ı֮У̨ͤ¥Ϫˮһɾصľ
һ֮ͤУ˫գɣƣһɹɰԪϯ
Ž𻢵ɣ峺׵Ϫˮʱɽǧߣ䡣ʱļ糱İʱ۳һӴУϺˮ塭
ȣ
ٿأ͵˫һǵϢȫ¾棬ӣǺǣǰʹ͵鵤ҩȻ̺һ˿֮ҵѸٻָҪ£ܹȬ
ʱǰʹһȪңҳԪ磡
оϲѣ˭뵽֮ǰһϢ٣ЩɥŽ֣֮
ȴΪ˾һӣǰ£лһٽԪ磬Ϊʥ
Ž壬ɲ塭
һ뼧һˣ𻢾ͺ޵һ죬һɱȥѪծѪ
նҵ裬ն׷Ī
ҧأ͵һȭҶ¡¡һ죬̺޾һȭҵɽʯɣϪˮ


915 ɽ
ಣ
һ˲仮Ƴգɶǧ￪⡣
һµķУͣЪԪķǳ޴ҿīӵ龳ΪĻѼ
һ·Ҳûʲô۵޵ȥ·ԣīҲ÷Żٶȡ
ͬʱīıڣסϷһˣȫǱţ˷һıʱ⡣
һգƣīһƬɽϿգŨ񣬻Ⱥɽ֮䣬˸оƮƮɵþĲƵɽ˿͸֪õ󣬾̲ʲôΣ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأһֲıը޾˷ϯ¡춯أҡػΣɽʯ
ţ
̶ֳȵĶӦ龳ʿܹģ
ī͵ͣ½Ų˫磬Զȥ
ӱըжϣ￪ĵطһ֮սǳҡΪߣīС
ǰʲôˣ
еףһֱһʶӱ͸ע״춯صıըʱѯʡ
￪ĵطƺ龳ǿڶս
īƺ·ˡ
˵ţīȫϢٶȣϢسһӶȥ
У˵龳ǿڶսʱһпΪĵشȻ׾龳ǿߣ
ԽĵشǿߵĻᣬԽ󡣵ûϵǣȻô龳ǿߣ
Ҫ֪׵˵ʵһ龳ǿߣֻ·һƾӵŽ壬Ҳ޿áҺô˷ọ́ī뱣ݻĻƾһ˵ʵóȻĵشѰ·һ޶
£һҪҪνս֮Уԣѡ·ѵľ
˭룬ûīжԶǰ貵ĹâʱƳգٶ֮죬ʯǧ֮һͷī룬īľ룬˲ǱӴܵӰҲԽԽ
ţ
īȻһʱתԪλñģ˫ȭգһȫ䱸ļƣҹٸóȻʹɱ֣
δ䣬īͷǣųɽ⣬˸˸ƺʱҪǧ硣
ȻñΣīͷϵȴûʧīĴ߶֮£ɱڣһǿҵΣС
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬̷ֻɴܵӰͣ˽Ųؿī룬ܵīİƣɵ־ϲǾ壬һʱЩ޴ؾգνֱ
ԭʥСӡ
ī΢΢˫ǰӰһ˲жϳ˵ľΪ
ʥʿһͦε꣬һӯŮէһһԽͯŮڣݲ̸ʲô
ǰʥȪȵĵӣ⵽׷ɱǰܹԮֻҪ˳ֵУʥȪȶسл
ͷ΢ԥ˫ֱȭ
ǰԮ
Ů𿣬Сǵúͮͮģ˿Ҫҧһڡ
ʲôʥȪȵĵӣ
ī벻ɵΪ֮һ
ûϵȻڰ·ʥȪȵĵӡ
ī˵ʥȪ֣ŷͬѰĺ塣ʥȪȣīļ԰īجΣԴӱʥȪ֮īʱ޿̲ڳʥȪȵ׷ɱơ
ī˵ʥȪ֣ȻΪеʹ
˵ʥȪȵĵӣīаζӣһʱ侹Ǵԭأһﲻ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ʱԶʣһշɱڣȻ׷
ãɽ׷ˣ
ŮȻһ
ҧҧһﲻī룬ΪīԥҧҧŵǰʥȪȵĵӣңһʥȪһеĺĵӡֻҪԮҿԴӦһıΪл
˵ţһ䣬ָı״̬
ī뾪ﲻѵǣǰ룬Ȼһͷɫ룡
һУɫԽԽãɫԽ٣츳Խáͨ˵һ󲿷ֶ߲롢ɫ롣
ɫ룬ڷëǵĴڣǳϡ
ÿһͷɫ룬ֵþ
˭룬Ȼһͷɫīǰ
ţȻһͷɫ룿
ī벻ɵ΢гԾ
ͬʱŮҲһΣñһͷɫ룬粽ػɫԡ


916 ɫȨ
ɫ븦һſڣһŵǧ𣬳ŵīһΪлѰʥô˵һſڿӵĸоǣ仰һͷɫĿ˵ŶȾͷǳˡ
ɫ룬£ʥȪȵĵλͬѰǺľһʥɫ룬ʥȪȵҪԣҪһ
ԣīԮ֣ɫ룬пܻõһΪͣ
ջ󡭡
龳ʿԾܾ
īԾûпֻ΢΢תͷɱڵӰ
ǰ
ɽɪɪһؿī룬ͬʱԪӿʱ׼ݿնӡ
ɫʵҪ׷ѣûʲôϣģΪһī͸ܵһ龳İơ
ಣ
ֻһɫâһԼĪֻа׸ߵӰ˵ǰһüСһɫĺ뵹һ֪һ塣
˸еǣһɫȨȣʥȻһ벽
ɽ
īüͷһ壬ڵһʱж˵ݡ
ɽһбȽϿֲĴڣ֮ͨ⣬ɽΪֲһ
īǰļһȫ䣬գӵ龳ƣī뼸˼ؾжʵݡ
ţ
ɽ¸¸Ц˼Ӻһתī룬ɭȻʵʥȪȵľȱ
ܵɽеĵ⣬ī΢΢üͷ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ʱӰÿһӰɽ޼ģֻаߣһģʮֳΨһĲͬһƤɫǻҺɫġ
ʯ
ī΢΢˫ͬжϡ
ʯڱȽϳѪ츳ɽееѪ
īǰʯֻʥ磬ɱڣС
ǰǸϿ뿪գûбҪν鷳֮У
ңʥȪȶ˵޶ûбҪԮ
У׵һʶʱ̹עһī˼ƺԥǷҪԮʱл̼ϵشߴī롣
˭룬Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮ī˫֮У͵ž⣬һͦСӣǽˣң
ģڣû˸˺һĺ
īҧһϾضɽ
ţ
ǰԸԮˣ
ɫʱĻŭţһƶЦ̫ˣǰֻҪһܹ˳ŵԣһΪлģ
СӣȻϳ򶴿ߵɽȻԣ֪ǺηʥȻ˵޿֣
ɽһȨ죬ƺȻЩȲҪѪǧ
īûΣֿڸǱĿɽҪһۿīʵĿҲôס
˭ôҪֻҪ֪򶴿ߵ󱲸ֵһᣡʶģϽҹ
ī뵭һЦ͵һȭҶ
䡭
ƽһըף񱩵Ԫƻɽ͵رѿҡػΣɽѡ
ɽʯڵλãʱ糱ԪɣŨ̹ռŤ
ৡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵ɽ˵λ
Хɢ䣬ɽնī񣬾ͺһͷ׵ĸ
ǳıӵˣȻҶʯ䶯֣ϵûһܹ㣡
ɽŭȳ͵һеĽɫȨȣīҶ

ʱһ糱ϯɽ˲۳һɫ׶سīȥÿһɫӵŽɱʥʵ
ͬʱ޾ѹǧɽѹڼ֮ϣ̶ȫ½Ӳá
ȣ
īԥ͵ʩչͷ֮ϵǸͷ˳
ϡ
ʱһī⻮ƳգɫȨصײһ
¡¡
һ̣ռŤ±ɫƻײ򣬷ԲĿռҵرըе˷׷׺󳷣һʧɫ
һ벽ĽɫȨ͵صɶȨȵıȻѿһϸϸѷ죬â
ۡ
ʯɽͷһѪһΣЩһͷӸ߿Ե¡
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʯ׷״ǰһĹ֮ɫ
û¡
ʯҧ֧סΣ΢΢˫ضī룬ʱһһѪ츳Բҡ⣬ΪҲҪС硣ɶԭΪƾŰ벽Ӧܹѹһû뵽ǵû˳ѹƣشҪؾ棬ͷǳˣ
Ϊɽʯӿ޾İûڡ


917 
δ֮ǰʯҲܹīƣжϳīӵ龳ΪһΣû׼ȷжϡ
Ϊɽʯ䣬ӵһԶ˵ţһ벽֣ΪͬʿУûʲôĶ֡
ԣûʲôԥʹ߶ɫȨȣҪһ򵥴ֱӲӲ
˭룬īʯ仹Ҫ߳С磬⣬ǵƷʣȫڰ벽
֮ӲӲײУʯĽɫȨȳѷ죬ʯҲѪش
ݵһν֣У
֪Ҿҵٶƣˣƾҵٶ뾪˵ķӾԲҵĶ֣ϧشҪؾƣûʲôˣ
ʯҧгݵضī룬޵
ʯԹīʩʩȻջǣ˫ֱأһζЦ⣬ôţ׼ʬҰô
˵ţ͵ػһһɰɱϯ糱
ӣ
ָ壬ȫٶӣ
ϯɱʯʱȻһûκεԥͻûһֻ˶ĽɫһɵĻɫͬʱ磬Ϊһâʧ˵֮С
ֻʯڵһʱͱʯ˱С
Ϊɽٶǿֲ
ӵнܵʵǣҪɱȻǳ˵Σ
ȫӵɽʯ䣬ī벻һп
ˣܵһݣ
ɶ˾֮Ϊ
ۿɽʯ䱻üɹֻʶӣɫʱָΣһϲЦտīǰҾ
Сһ׮
īһЦ˰֡
ǰΪҪʥȪȵĵӣ
ʱЩԹɤīԺ
ˣҶɱҸסѹĸ׵Ļ롢롢һˣгЦңǲ֮׵˺֮ǡǣһ壬һй޸еġ֪֣ƭԼһַĵĸо
īЩ˸е⣬Ҳ֪СһֻһܶҸûӡԣҲ̸ϳԹ
һһΪһ˵ĳһ˵ݣͽ񶨣ͼȣԨôЩɶˣк𣿡
īϣٲȻǶ顣
׼Ĭ֮³һҡͷ
ˣҽлڤңҾΥŵԣߣȻصʥȪȣһҪø׺ú㣡һΪл
ΪɫһЦɡ
ҽˣǰʥȪȰգһдġһҺʦ͵͵棬Щ򶴿ߵΧɱ϶Ҫˡ
ΪŮЩǡ
Ǿ֮ͣҳݣڳлʲôģͲˡһҪԵ
ī΢΢һЦ
ԣڤΪ֮һһ˼ī룬ǿһ
ϣȻ˶ŵĽ֮
˵ʥȪҲ컯ɾߴ֮һ⣬ڤһŵǧ𣬳ŵҪһ͸ī룬ô;ԲʳԡȻְ;ڣɱīԻ顣
ԣī赣ǣȫԴҡڵؽʥȪȣܳ
ˣǡ
ڤ촽Ƭ̣أЩī롣
ī뵭ذ˰֣Ҳٶ˵һӣವһΪһ⣬ӻڤ˵ǰʧ١
һʮĹˡ
գգˮ˫ĹŹ֮ɫ
ȻЩŪīΪҪðΣվڤˣȴŽҪһʸʥȪȵľѻᣬֻ뿪
źһˡ
ʧʵī룬ڤһźսȭͷ
ţ
ɵóһһŻڤʦ֣ղ˵ʲôʲôǸһˣĪǣҪǵľ˲
ԣڤһЦҪǱˣȻǧлмӣˣ
ͷͣһӣСߴٵʦ֣ô£˵
ʦãղûвһͷϵĶǣ
ڤ΢΢˫
˵ͷ
ûжϴĻǣ̺һϢΪ
ڤ
ɵΪ֮һʦ֣˵һһĵӣ
ڤһƣЦҲ֪һˣңһܹ϶ݣ


918 ֮
һŻڤʦ֣ͱˣҴ˵ʵݣ
˿ء
˵ǵľһˣôûɿڸԼݣûɻؾڤĳл
ʦãҲ˵ʥȪһӵŲ֮׵ˡǸˣǷ볤߲͵֮󣬲µī롣
īһĲ֮ף˥ܡԣ볤ϱѹɽ£ī򱻷ʥȪȡ
ǧʥȪһֱ׷ɱī룬ϧ컯ɾã޼ʣҪҵī룬ڴ룡ԣǧһֱûīϢ
ڤϣЦζ
ʲô˵ǵľˣī룿
ȻҲ˵ī¼ɵüԾѡ
ʦãš
ܵеĲ˼飬ڤ¶һƶЦݣһīʵ̫֮ˡͬӵ龳ΪͬӵǵľңݣǰʥȪȡ˿һѾԶ϶˾ԾʥȪһֱͨī룡
Żڤһ˫Ź⣬ͷҲ˼ֻɡ
ʦ֣Ͼǵľˣû˵ѾʬҰˡѵҪϢʥȪȵĸ߲㣿
ЩǵŻڤ
ڤص˵ͷǺǣһ¹һ¡һ˽ͳʥȪȣЩɴȥ֮󣬶ܳͷǣǽϢȥطǵܰ𷣣Ҫͣ
ڤΪؽ˫ȭ
գգˮ˫أЩġ
ϲϣҡ
ڤŲһתԳԶշӶȥ˴Ǿ֮أȸϽ̲ǡɵشӦһ׵ʹ
תۼ䣬ӰʧŨŨ֮С

һߣīһ·ӣǻʣһ·֮ϣûʲô۵޵ǰ
ǰܹõԴӳ֮󣬾Ͳʱ̳׷ɱΣһǳù¶ǳñˡ
ĵϣܹӵһԼȺġ
ԣҪʱ򣬲ŻԮ֡
ò˵һĵȵĺˣһ٣ٿػһתǣһҪסʥȪ֮ĳޣ죡㲻ΪʱţԼó޵˵֮ǰΪȫûеġΪʥȪȵˣûбҪԼΪ㽫ˣҲֻǽ㵱жд̣޲ʬҰҷ𣡡
һ⵶īĿĵۡ
īɫ԰ֽأĬȲҲֻͬһζؼٷɶݣҪҵ˼׳Ժ֮С
ಣಡ
һʱ䣬һȺӰӭӶƳ죬ɽī͵ͣ½Ųȥ
龳ʿ
ī뼸ڵһʱж˵Ĵž硣
ţһ龳ĸ֣
Уһ͸ףɵþһûϵȻ˶̵ʱڣ龳ĸ֡
ʣʵ̫Сˡ
ںĵشҪ龳֣Ҳǳã
򶴿ߵİְգ
īһʱתԪ׼Ӷݡ
ಣ
ಣಣ
һ̣ٿӰӡīīһǣ˲һ壬ʥȪȵˡ
ͣ
һĽ˶ֳһɫǹ꣬סīȥ·ɫž޲ˡ˵ţ˫ӥһضī˫ƺҪһ˲俴ī飬⼸𣿡
˵ţһһöиֳ˵ͼˣȻī֮ǰĻڤ
ī΢΢üǰǹ꣬ĿЩУ˵ֻˣƺɽһ׷ɱŶȥˡ
ǹ겻ɵΪ֮һṵ̂ȾߣѣʥȪȣѰҵЩʥȪȵˣڤǵǫ̃ϿɵʥǱޡ⣬ǻ뻤Ķӣԣϣܹʵһġ
ī벻ɵɫ䣬һԾǹ꣬ʲô˵лڤСӣǻĶӣ
īԺжʱ˼Ʈɢ
ûϵīƴˣȻǳ˻Ķӣ
룬ΪצɱīĸףѹīĸףīʥȪȣī˸ɱˡ
˵˭ī֮ǣôһǻ룡
û뵽īȵĻڤȻǻ˵Ķӣ
Īķ̣


919 ̫ͷ϶
һʱīɫ䣬о壬ɫӡ
׻˵ծӳ
īڻνǳƺ֮ǰ֪ڤǻĶӣôīԲԮڣڵһʱʹɱ֣ڤǧУңйͷ֮ޡ
ī֮£˻Ķһɵ׷Ī
ӳǸ˵ˮ©ûдﵽ治ɫĳ̶ȣ
ī΢ɫ仯ǹһЦʱ΢΢˫ӣƺû̹װ
ϵһ͵һеǹ񱩵Ԫʱ糱𵴣ӿ
ƺ֮Уֳǹ꣬ɫϾ֪ǺǿԵĻ鷳һˣø·ģֻҪûſںߣô˳ɽоȳڤһˣʥȪһ͵ģ
δ䣬ǹһ˵ȣ׷תԪɱڣؽīΧˡȻѾ̬ȡīǷԸ⣬ǹҪ󣬷Ļɱ֮
ʲôҸ·
īüͷһвͣǸһҪ²ܹǴ·ֻ谴ָķһ·УҪ˶þܹҵڤһˡ
īЦ
ʥȪȵļһôĿȻһͶīߺָֻţҪ֪īôҲһ龳ʿ컯ɾߴУҲǾԵľ
񣬾ȻʥȪȵǹв
ڰӽ˭֪Ǽ٣
ǹһī벢ûЭƣʱҲɱѣ㲻һˣôҾгֵɻ׷ɱڤһ˵֣һͱøˡ
Ϊ˲𲻱ҪᣬȰ㣬ǲҪʥȪΪУ
ǹϣÿһ仰ųв֮⡣
û̸ˡ
īνʼ򣬽˫øֱ죬˵һӻûطйεƣ޿̣
˵ţһɿ񱩵Ԫ͵شīϯ糱Ԩ纣ɲǼ䣬վγһƬīڤ˲佫ûˡ
ɫ˲䰵ҹĻ١
ÿֲԪ
죡ȫأ
һײУȻһʹɱ֣ѵʥȪȣ
ǹгǹһڵԪ˲۳һʵĻ֣ػƾ񱩵Ԫϯǹأ
ϧǹ£һɫʥ磬ڿ񱩵Ԫĳ£δüĵֵͳױûСһ໲Һش
ޣȻڿʥȪȵŻңǿЦ
īһƣವһΪһī⣬˲ʧ١
ţ
ǹֳֳǹһɱг˷ˣһ·īնɱ˭룬ûȿī룬īӰ̼ʧ١
Ȼˣ
ǹ꾪
ɱ
ȥ
ٿأīƽһըף͵شԨеʥĶУһ̣ĿһĻˡ
ݡ
һī⣬ĵâ͵նʥԴ
ȣ
ֳһʥ׵壬ֻ֮£ȫ߶еʥʼֵ
ͣ
˭룬ī⣬Ȼһ㣬͵һζɶѸݵƹʥӣ͵ʥԴ֮ϡ
ƽ˺ѣһ̶𣬽ţһϸ˿˿ڳʥͷ­֮ϣѪȪһ罦
ХѪ׷ɡ
ҴʥȫȻһɫ԰ֽ
ͣͣͣͣ
Ȼһ̣ī⣬֮ǰһĻʣʥȫնɱԭء
ء

ʥʥȪľӣīУһ䣬ȫɥȪ
ɴ˿ɼÿһ֮Ĳ࣬жôþ޴
ʥʿ龳īǰȫһ֮
ס֡
ֳǹ꣬ɢ͵سīɱ˫죬ѽѡ
ã
ī뵭ĮһЦͷϵǹâɣ͵ػΪһ⣬Գǹȥ

ֻһŭȣǹеĳǹһɶ̺޾Ƶǣҵسײһ
顭
̼䣬һƬƣռΪ֮飬޾˷ϯ˻ɽѡ
ۡ
ʥȪɫ۵꣬͵һΣһѪһ˫֮Уâ˸˸̺һĨŵɫ㡭ʵȻһҪʤһ


920 龳
ǹΪʥȪȵһ龳ʿΪ߲룬Ѫ츳ڣʵϣѪƷʣһоΪӵĴڣӹ񣬻ûһͷ߲룬ܹ龳磬ǹǵһ
ƾԶ˵ļԣǹ겻˳̤龳磬ңһ龳죡
龳죬봫˵еĲ𾳽磬Ҳֻһ֮ң
ͬʱΪߣǹ龳ʿУٻж֡Ȼ츳Ѫû˳ػǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣǣһ龳ʿܹᲢ۵ġ
˭룬īİһȻǹ˳ȥڣشǹ꣬龳Ĵɨأ
˵ݹ컯ɾܹ龳սʤǹʿǷëһĴڡ
Щһڳ̨һӵ֮ţ
ӿǸݲӣпڳ̨һʶӵţ
ǹ͵һҧǹһɽ⣬һɿֲѹϯҵҪһܷҵİ벽ӳ죡
˵ţǹ趯һɶǹ֮Ұÿһ̹⣬ױܹɱһʥ˲
ǹȻһ벽
ಣ
ͬʱīѻΪһ⣬ʧյƺ֮С
ԼĪһյĹ֮ǹ꼸ԲǧĿռһ飬ûҵīӰʱֱţļһȻˣ
ҧҧǹֻһУͺȵ
ʱĶΪһ⣬˲ǹ֮Уǹùâ㡣
֮ȾԮڤԸûмӺڤĻҾҵĺҲҪӸնɱΪڤѩޣ
ǹīĽѷһзǳζԹԵһţŲһתֱԶշӶȥ
ת֮䣬ػָһƬžɢ䣬ӿ糱𽥵ȥ»ָһƬ
ಣಣ
һߣīûɵӰٷš
ٺ٣ʹۣһɱʥȪȵʥǽѹǧ֮õԹͷһЩ
īЦҪҪҶȫɱȡֳǹСӸɱǸСӸ񣬾Ϊƺ֮ϣиһ벽Ҫɱûôף
ҡҡͷī벻¶һ˿Ц
Ȼ˵֮ǰӲӲĽУīƾžǡʤһǣͼһɱǹ꣬Ȼûжİա
ϾǹķƷʣΪҪī֮ϣ
ǰϰûϵǸڤȻǻĶӣ
׵ԴīԺ֮С
īʱһп֪ҾͽڤɱˣҲûһʹһ٣ī΢΢һЦ˳նɱʥȪȵʥʥȪҲһСĴҵԹһЩ
һµʱ䣬Ӧþִܹ죡
ӱޣȡյ̨
ѾЩȲī룬һţһ߼ӿٶȣΪһ⣬գʧ١

պ󣬻ڤһ·ƼʥȪȵķӶȥ
ٿأһ⼲̺һɿֲƣ˲˻ڤע
ãеϮ
ƺһ龳ĸ֣
ڤ˫һϰ¡
һ˵龳ĸ֣ŵС԰ֽ
һ̣ûڤһĻǰ˲򶴿ߵʥȪȵˣ
ڤ
ҵˣǺǣһΪѾɥȪأ
ǹ곤һ
ʦ壬ԭǲ㱻ɽɱһ龳Ĵܣɽǡ
Ƥգգ۾ǹʦ壬Ǹǵ龳Ǻηʥ
ǹ겻ɵ΢΢һԺеһʱ両ֳīӰ΢ɣҡҡͷ֪
ǵľˣʥȪһֱͨī룡
ڤһЦһƣǲЩ˼飿
ԣǹʱһ˶ҵزʲô˵ʥȪī룬ǵ
û뵽һֱī룬ȻҲĵشǲ֪
֮ǰҽֵǸһʮа˾žǻڤеīˣ
ǹɫϾƬ֮󣬿ڤһʦֵڱչڼ䣬ӳʥȪȣЩɥһܵ𷣵ġڴ֮ǰȸǰݼ峤ҪīϢ峤
ڤһЦ
ɵؽ󣬴粽ظڻڤ


921 
Ԫʢ֮£졢졢ĳǣ죬ɫŹ֣Ⱥڴ֮У۷׷ס
Ȼÿһ϶ЩĪ
ԭĳϣԪмһˣԪذʾӵšӡ֮ÿһ϶ҵ˵졣
ÿһ϶ӡ
Ȼ˵ձĳϣҪһӥĶӣ磬Ȼûеҵ
οУӵӡһ֮䣬ͿҪÿһݵ
ɸλٺᣬʤң
һڳ۷׷֮ʣӰͻأسڴ֮Уʱৣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ϡ
ЦݺλϺ
졢³ϡִϣȫЦкΨڵλϣޱس˵ͷǻˡ
졢ĳͬǣλϣǲ𾳽ĴܣڳĳϣΪҪһ硣
ͬʱΪĳϣȻǾĶǾԵľӢ߲㣬졢в㣬Ҫ߳һεġ
ֻ³ˣĳУֵһᡣ
Ҫ֪ھڲһ죬ΪͶˣڵײ㣬ûʲôλĵ죬ӵһЩȨơ죬ھԵĸ߲ˣÿһغشھ죬ֻаӥۻʣǾԵƿߣ
ĳϣǸ߲㳤ϣһЩв㳤ϣȻЩ𣬼Ҳܴ
һЦΪ⣬˫֣ڴ֮ⲽĩˣŲһͣҴ˷λϣ׼֪ͨһ顣һ٣Ŀһڳϵתͣλĳϣظλ֪ǾҪưһѹҪøԴϧ컯ɾеԴȻܹǵθˡǵһĿ꣬Դḻ壬ӶԴϽǽ췢չ׳һػ֮·еҲ׸Ÿλϣжš
һҪ֪ͨһǣ˷Ǳ壬չϽӶԴ飬ȫȨҾͳ˧ǣӥŸҵİ֣κʱ´Ƕӣ󣬷Ļҷˣ
ʱҪֵò죬˾ķչƣŸλҲ޹⣡һ׷Ҳ޷
䣬ڳһڳϣȫһһŹֵ
ʲôӥȻôҪ֣Ȼ츳׿˼磬ǱϾֻһҪӸλи߲㳤ϣЩף
ӥҲˣϾ֮顣ǣһëͷСӵĻδЩ̫
ûÿһˣܹӵݵλΪ֮ŻõģųԽͶһ﹦ָֻţߺ˺ģ
ν²òͷȨŸɾûʲôô
һʱ䣬֮еĸϣ׷۷׷ףÿһ˵ɫʮѿ
ʼգûгϵҵ顣ĳϣ޶ԣأԹԵƷơ
ֶ΢΢°ͣһڳϵĻӦۿû˳ʱһƣȻȻλû飬ôҾ͵Ҷͬˣôʱ䣬ϣλܹȫϣ
˵ţһҡߵ뱦֮ϣ
׼ڽʱ䣬ǰһѰҼΪĿꡣľΪ廹ЩΣյġԣϣλܹһЩȪҲѸ磬һݱ
һſھʨӴ󿪿ڣթϡ
Ԫվһԣŵһϣǿһ
𣬾Ȼи߲ĺĳϣ
ӣǽг϶ˡ

ʱȫĳһƬȻҲһ˿ޡ
ȪǸöҪõֻһ취Ǿڳ̨ʵһ̨ףÿһ̨ףܹõһȪ
ͨ˵Ψ̤ʥ߾ʿпһ̨ףһȪõȪԶԶ㲻ʿθڡ
ʥ龳ĸ֣ܹõȪҲǳޣҪȪΪڳ˵ΡǣܹӱʿӶȪ
Ȫϡ٣̷֮󣬻лһ˿εԵպõĴİ
ԣ£û˻תеȪ
һſڣеȪֱĿŵ٣


922 Ѫ
ʱڳһڳϣȫɫ䣬һ߷ߵضҧгݡ
һڳǰǾΪݵλҪһءΨһ˸еɵģĳӥĶӣ棬һöӡܵãǲҵ
˭룬ȻһͺٻƣھһڳҪȪ
ÿһи߲㳤ϣȫֱ¡
ΪĳϣˮÿһϵУŲٵȪࡣԣλ΢Ƭ֮󣬱̴Ǭ֮һƿݸ
Ȫ͸㣡ϣ㾡Ϊгһգ̤벻𾳽磬ָܹЯЩϼһأ
³Ц
Ѫ츳ھһĴڣɳһΪЯһҲӦ顣
ִϣҲ׳Ȫ
ԪʾһԪʱǰλϵнӹƿ
Ȼ޶
ܵãҪְʵӦõġ
λϣ΢Ƭ֮ҲѡЭͳһƿݸԪ
ټĴ֮УֻʣĳϣأԼĬһԲ
ޣһëͷСӣȻҹƣжȡȪδҲ̫ˣ
û˵Ȫ޹ҪǣԲȥĻպ󶨻
ϣƬ֮󣬷׷״⣬թȫӡ
֪λʲô˼
Цеվһεⲽ𾳳ǰ
ûжȪԣͲʹ͸ˡ
³ϣ뷢԰ףһƮȻģĿ⣬أ޶ԣ˵ֲͷĸо
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵λ𾳳ϵϣɫӡ
ţ
һƣɵһЦλûнҵĻˡȻˣҾбҪλһӡҲλ֪ʲô𱰡
˵ţһֱӽӡ˳Կĵƣ˸˸Ź⣬֮У̺һݸεѵİơ
ʱڳһڳϣȫһǿһķӡ
֣
Ԫһʱ첽ǰҪȴһƿ

͵صͺһеӡ֮УʱһĹâವһλڡ
ʱλ𾳵ĳϻһڵӡʼҵزʱһǿҵѣθӿͷƺҪķѣֺǧٱ⵶
㣬㡭ȻҶǶӡ
ˣһȻҲҡҪӥ밵״
ĳһ־ŭص״
ò𾳽ĴܣͨͶ֮䣬ܹɽأǰȴǱͬɥ֮Ȯһ㡣
־޴Խܡ
Ǻǣӡ޷Լǣôͳ˧ͽպʲôʩ
Ҹǣǵݵλô磬ӡǾͱңĻҶԥӡþǣڣǻɢ
һϾϣȫûһ˿һãǲҪ״ôãҵȥ״ÿһºܹ֮õӡȻѾõ˸⣬ǱΥҵԸʵϣΥӥ
ΥӥǸӣ
ͺȳ
ʱгȫεһ¶ɬ
΢΢°ͣʩʩȻһӡڣŷص̴ϣʼŶȣյƷ裬Ҳһ
λĲ𾳳ϣ¸ͣ亹乶䡣
ǧСӡ
Ȼǡ
𾳵ĳϣǺ֮ǣвϵţϵİȴȫʧ٣ȡ֮һĨ¡
ˣˣ²òͷ
ǵȪ
λ𾳵ĳ΢΢³һڹԹԵشǬиͳһƿݸԪ
Ԫæǰӹֹؽ
ʲôֻȪ
һɨɵȳλǰǶĸ߲㳤ϣ磬ΪСĪǣǽҵؽֵؤͭӾʹˣ
𾳵ĳϣȫȻһ־ŭؿ𣬾Ȼôͱ䱾ˣ
߲㳤ϣÿʮȪ
в㳤ϣÿȪ
һȻЦ⣬޿ֵزԼı׼
ʱڳгϣȫЦ
ĳҧڲٳԹԵشǬͳһƿԪ
졢ĳϣ˲𾳳ϵǰ̬֮֮Խæӻͳһƿ˫ַϡ
ܿ죬ԪͶ˴Ȫƿ
ˣҪûʲô飬ȽɢȻ´
סûҵɣκ˲ñչĻһֱӶӡǸȳʱǲʹ߻ħû֪ͨ
𵭵


졢ĳϹӦŵ½ǡ
Ĳ𾳳ϣԹһһΣƾʧ١


923 ʥ
տյĴ֮УʱֻʣԪˡ
֣ô᲻Щס
Ԫһµ˵ÿһи߲㳤ϣȫ͵Ĺڸ㡣ǣպ϶
ңպҪλҪЩϵֲ֧Сֵ̫Щ³ç
Ԫ೤ϳֽȰ˵š
Ԫ֣˵ûǣЩ飬˵ȴ塣
һЦҿֻҪҵĸλһգЩĳϣͲôܵãҪץסʱɳһɼ
ţֻҪҸɳһɼôһܵЯ˵Ҫóɼ֤ҵʵǽеľΪ˴档
ͬĵҵĸҲϣܹɳһɼһܹö֮ЯңᱻָժΨףס˵죡
ҪɳһɼҪиΪСǣǲڳǰֳһߵ𱰣Щĳһν¹ѻеġ
һĵȻЦ⣬һڲ衣
Ԫ˼ص˵ͷ
Ȼǵ⣬ҪԪԶöࡣ
ǺǣЩһӸλˮ֪ҸöһЩġԪнӹƿһеƿȫǬС
ĩˣͳһƿԪǷݡ
Ԫ˫˸˸Ź⣬æл
ߣȥǸСӻָôˣҷǳҪһöӡ
ӰһΣʧ١
һ̣ԪΣڱС
ʱһɽۣнţͻȻܵɰϯæ˫һԪʱվ񣬡ݼʦ𣬰ݼʦ壡
񣡡
һȻЦذ˰֣𻢣ƻָôˣ
𻢹ʦĸӵѾָòˡ
ԣԪɵһЦãΪһʥӣָȻͬ졣һȪʹ͸㣬Ҳһͻƣ̤Ԫ磡
˵ţһУһƿ˽𻢡
ţ
𻢲־ϲеƿЩ޴ʦΪһ𻢰ڵأͷл
һЦ𻢣ƼȻѾ׻ָˣôͲٴҵıˡʱȥʶһˡ
˵ţһһεֱӽ𻢴ӱи˳
ֻоһתͷĿѣȵסΣȥһƬɫƺƺ֮УһԻ͹Ľ˻㱼Ϊɾ֮С
ǵ죬ңǵƿߡ
΢΢һЦŽڵһʱһЩ벽ʥʺãƳĴڡ
ÿһݣߵĽΪ棬׷׶࿴һۡ
ǵô
һݣ̽һ벽ʥݣɵզпû뵽벽ʥݣҲֻܷ죬Ҫ죬ô׵顣
΢΢³һ͵߬ȭͷ
ιһ֮Ĵ£һ̨ͤ¥֮С
𻢣ûʲôͱˡȵ˳ɽʥ٣ٴȥμӷ
Ըһ
Ӧŵ
ԪӰһΣƾʧ١
ͥСԺ֮Уʱֻʣ½һˡ
ƴ
Ϊ˱ѩޣΪԼҪȫԼľΪ
ֻҪܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣôҾͿһ֮컯ɾʱҵĻԵˣһɳ죬ԲеʥܹᲢ۵ģ
𻢸ҧ˷һ˿һʱ䣬һֱӴӻͳһƿšࣵһһƢҩʱ
ҩ㣬𻢸оȫµë׶鲻Խſǵõһɼ
Ϊ˵еȪһţƮȻĸоǷ֮󣬿϶
һпҲԥһֱӽȪ˿С
ʱһĸоں֮УȫµÿһϸȫҲƵԾ
ড
𻢸оȫůģ׹ɾ֮Уʱָ˽ڵģȪɱ䡣
¡¡¡¡
˭룬һյĹ֮ϣһīĽƣʱƾ۳Σγһյ׽١
һףڽ벻ϵţ춯صĺ¡
ţ
ٽô
͵̧ͷ֮ϵ׽٣Ǿ΢΢̣ζһЦǺǣãѾȲҪΪʥˣ
ޱȳӯԪг񣬺졣


924 СѲ
ಣಣ
ԪӰٿسڽ𻢵ͥԺ֮У̧ͷŸ߿е׽٣ɵþϲӡ
û뵽СӣôͶɽˣȻǸӣֵ࣡
ԪһЦ
𱳸˫֣ЦеԽĸȪ󣬳ʥӦò¡ڴǽܹʲôķ
ԣԪɵðͷ
ͨ˵Ԫ磬ǶҪɽ١ΨһЩ֮ӣӵų׿츳Żϲŭ١
Ҫ˳ɽ٣ס
ɽҲкô
Ǿܹ׽֮ʥ߷רķ
һʥ˵ûרķǷͬһ磬ӵרʥߣԿѹûרʥߣһ㣬ǰ϶顣
⣬רǿҲֱӾһʥߵǿ
ԪȫԽ𻢼ķǳڴ

ǰ
ǺǣѾΧˡƬ֮Уݵľۼأٻֱޡ
īûһӰϢڹ֮һ·ֱײ
֮еݷ׷ױã
ΪīϢԣѰݸ޷īʵݣ޴֪īǷΪһ塣⣬īֲѹ֮£ûһݵóȻ
ܿ죬īһ·ͨһƬľ޷Ͽգͣ˽Ų
ûв´ĻӦþǴ˵еɽˡ
ī΢΢˫ǰľ޷壬һЦ
ǰǴ˵еľ죿
ವһīıзӶţϷҹֵˣҲ׷״ӱзӶһĿ˸˸ضǰ߽ɵľ޷壬ﲻѡ
֣˵еľ죬ΪһƬ಻ɽеľ죬ŷǳĳ롣
Ϸ
סֵˣҲһŹֵī롣
ī뵭һЦľ죬ɾŸýûɵģɽֻһϰˡ
΢΢ͷβܹأ
īҡҡͷҪ죬סǾĵӣܹƾӡڸٻޣûа취С
һ٣īһƣȻ޷죬ǣȴþڲҡ
˵ţī͵һȭҶ
һ죬̺ſԪһȭ͵غɾ޷֮ϣ̼䣬һεĽƵīȭ
ȻһЩ˷ϯɽʯ䣬ҡػΡ
ţ
סϷֵˣȫ΢΢˫
ԼĪʱ䣬һ쳹Դһټʱƾմɽ¶˳
ͬʱ԰ټƵӰƵʯ𣬷ҲƵشʱ֮зɶ׵˵ǰÿһ˶ӵʥϵΪһֳַɱڡ
ߺˣȻɽǰĪǴ
ͷһˣǸӣ֮һԽ׵С磬ֵγǿҵķ
ǾĵôɱڣһͲ롣
װզ࣬Ŀڷӵϡ
ӣӵ龳ƣһڣըףסϷҹһѪӿЩڵء
Ǻǣֻһᡣ
Ҵ˷ǰһѡɽҰѲҪ׷
ī뵭һЦŷӹ˹֡
һбһī룬ߵҲûǸӣ˵ţ´һī룬ܵīĿֲƣ̲ʵ˵գ˷ǰ˭
ȻīľٶǳΣī붼ӵ龳ΪҪػҪеġ
ܲһͽī߰ɣ
Ҫҵǡ𡯡
ī
ӲɵΪ֮һī񣬶һ˿أŶҪô˵գʲôϵʲô顣
һ˵īҵ𣬷ϵĲ֮ɫʱɢʮġ
ǧǰһԴˣꡣǰҪ̽һѡܹи㡣
īһһʮ
ʲôľˣ
ʶΪ֮һٿī񣬶һ˿𾴣Ϊ˭ԭľˣȻж𣬾жھ죬Եͨͨڡ
˵ţʶĦź룬¶һĨ֮ɫ֪Ҫ²һʱ߲Ҫ⾲򣬵ʲôʱˣٸͨһ
ʶһЦī롣


925 ڤɽ
ŷʶģīЩЦãεһӱٻһǧɵڤɽ壬صһ䣬ҡػΡ
Ƶڤɽ壬˰꣬ҹöѪ࣬Ƴɹ͸㣬ܹи㣬ͨһ
īˣһ־ͽһڤɽʹ
ʱԲǧĿռ䣬ȫһīƣɭɲ˻Ȼоڤظ֮С
ʲôҪڤɽ͸ң
ʶ͵˫һæɢǧɵڤɽתϸز̽ܵڤɽڲ̺Ũʱʱ಻סĻŭզޣڤɽŨأڤظȻʵһЩ飬ٺʲˡ
˵ţʶ¸¸¹Цƺī⣬æһӣһεֱϯټһڤɽ˱֮С
ţʶ΢΢̧ͷٿī񣬶ʱһ˿ֺ֮ɫ·ʶ죬̵䣬Ҳøͨһ
ī
īԼʵݰڰڡ
ôī֣鷳⾲Ƭ̣͸ͨ
ʶ˺ôԴī̬ȣǶԴɣޱȵĹ
ܿ죬ڷʶ֮£ϰٺ˫һ񣬾˿ռ֮Уգʧ١
ǰΪҪڤɽ·ѣδҲ̫˷ˡ
ۿʶһʧ٣ʱһī룬ڤɽ壬˵Ƿ
ڤɽ壬סϷֵȽ˶֪īһѹ׷
īıУڤɽܹʮÿһڤɽ嶼ˣƣīʩչаʱԴȪ
˵Ҫһڤɽ壬ôףҪī˵һڤɽļֵԶһʥ
ȷȫһЩ޾ͨǸ̰ķʶ졣
أЩ߷߲ѡ
ī΢΢ҡͷһЦ֮Ҫڤɽ壬Ŀĵġ׻˵ϡΪһЩϡƽ޾ˣǷʶ⣬Դҵ̬ȣҲתʱܷʱҴһδ֪ڤɽ壬ǳһƵıһЩ֮аٺòŷʶһϲ
⣬һڤɽʹҲܹҵʵ÷ʶҹĿ࿴ͨʱҲܹԼ䡣
Ҫ֪ѾǧûˡȻž֮ȽᣬҲǧǰˡѾ̤龳磬˵γ֮λ棡вĽʿҪմʣ˵巳ˡ̫ںᣬ˵׼㿪ңʱһھͽҸˣҪźˡ
ī
ԣס֡ϷˣΪȻ
ĳ̶ֳ˵īΪ˴µֶΣҪס֡ϷҪԲöࡣ

ɫƺã֮УһյĽϵؽ׽٣ը죬ҡػΡ
ȣ
𻢰ͦȫԡɽ֮УƾһˮͰϸ׽ٺԼϣأһʯ
ÿһ׽٣ڴŽ𻢵ǣý𻢵ڲϵشУǱĬɱ䡣
Ǻǣ̶ֳȵ׽٣᲻Ȥ
Х͵һӣ֮ϵĽƣͬʱһƬ񱩵ԪԨ纣ԳյĽϯȥƺҪһ˲䣬Ƹû
ͻһĻԪȻһ
СҪʲô
𾪺
һĪҪ׽٣Ӷʹ׽ټӴ
Ԫ־ϲش궯˫֣զп

ʱһˮװ˶ӰԪǰ
ʶ죬кҪ£
עȫ۽ڽ𻢵ϣȻ𻢶ɽʱİڽֶһ˿룬񿴵ʶ죬ҲֻǺǵһ䡣
ɽйãҪ㡣
ʶЦ⡣
ã
üͷ壬ͷذ˰֣ԴҽΪ龳磬Ϊ˵³֮󣬾иָǰĽ̽ãͲͷˡ´ң͸һѵ
ʶͷǣ΢Ƭ̣˵е⣬Ǹ龳ĸ֣⣬˵ǧǰй֮
΢΢һ΢תͷʶһ
īʶЦ
īй֮
һյ˼ٿһţԭߣǰȥˣ


926 ԩ·խ
Ԫ֣ͽˣҪȷ˳ɽ١
֮ǰԪһ
Ԫظĵ죬ͷİա
ʶһΣʧԭء
ɽ⣬סϷҹˣⲽŰɽĿռ
ಣಣ
ٿأӰӿռ֮ƾճ˵ǰȥͷһͦΣüĿһͷƮݳʮһӡ
𣡡
īһ𣬵ʱϲЦտ֣þò㻹ǵô
΢΢˫ûεī룬īƮϢЩ׼
㿴ҵĸۡ
ܵе֮ɫī뵱䣬ֱ۵ݸ𿴡ͣʱһƬƬīƬֱ֮˳֣Ƭ֮Կһصķġ
㣬㡭ī֣
һīֱϵƬʱЦգҲûһ˿֮ɫؽīӵ뻳Уī֣Ҫ㣬ҿҰΪһˡû뵽ǧǻܹ
īЩпĳĿ˭Ѿȥǧˣ
ī֣ϯӷϴ
ЦīҪʱ
īվӣݱȽУϣҪ̫ᣬһ㣬ܹ⡣
һ˵ͷӦ
ī룬ʥȪȵͨǹݣ׼ͻеΪ˷ͽǰʥȪȸܣʱīĴʮΣˡ
ߣϣ
īסϷֵ֣׵ϲЦտ׷׸ϡ
ī֣⼸Сһʲô
赭дһ䡣
īһƣһЩӡ
΢΢ͷī֣㻹ǽȫ뱦ΪΪʱ޾ҪзǳѸݵٶȣܹ˵شԽȥʥڴ
ԣī뵱ͷһһεԽһ˸˱֮С
֮£īʶ첢粽ʱһҡػ֮˲ڵһƺ֮С
Ǵ˵еľˣֱ봫˵еɽżƣŨŵһеŨī벻Щп
Це˵īֻ֣ǵһ죬Ũ̶ȣھϡġߣʹǰ죬ǵ۳ϣƹŵ죡
ԣīʱ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ī֣֣ôȸˡ
ʶī빰˹֡ʶΪһ۳ϣǵͳŵһݣ⣬ʱְش󣬶Ȼְء
˵ͷ˫һ񣬴ī볯ŵӶȥ
ܿ죬֮£īһ·һƬɫƺӵ񷣬ȥɫʣԨ纣һŨֱ˻µϸȫƳůȪ֮С
Ũ̶ȣȻҪȵһ߳üΡīԸп
ΪȻصͷһЦܹݣٶʥ쾳磬ڲһ죬ҪŨʮһɼҸء
ī˼ص˵ͷڵȤԽŨ
¡¡¡¡
ǧ￪Զ֮УյĽʣһˮͰϸ׽ٴըҡػΣһ˲ͽīעˡ
ţ
ʥ׽٣
īؾ㲻˵ܹϵݣٶӵʥʵôΪʲô˻ڴ˶ʥ٣
ҡͷһЦյͽܣֻа벽Ԫ磬ʴӱѪ׿ΪδзԻûȡӡҵЯ֮£Ѿʼʥˣɽٳɹ÷ʶڷʱŷˮܹ죬ˡ
û뵽Ǹ֮ˡ
īһЦҲ֪˭ôĸܹõ࣡
˸񲻶ϵعעԶе׽١
ҪȥĦӶɽ٣ûʲôҪġī
ɣҵľˣôܹ˵˵ˣݱȽУҲʺͷ¶档Ҹ㰲һƫƧסȰȵұϯӷϴ
һǸ˵
īͷһЦá
£֮£īһŨƵƺһ¥ƺ֮У塣
ī¥֮Уǡ
ͽУʱӰһΣƾʧ١


927 ʮ
ಣ
̤𣬷ҲƵسŽ𻢶ɽٵķӶȥһǧ˽𻢵Ķɽٵص㡣
˿̽죬ҡػΣɽѣݷ׷ǰΧۣҿԪػĻһƬңһĻ죬̾ͻһغ
Ԫ֣ʲôˣΪʲô׽ٵ˲ôࣿ
һִѯʡ
ͨ£׽ٵǲ˲һεġǹݺŻϲŭ˲׽ٵ
֣ûгʲô⣬ⶼǽһɵġ
ԪһĿɬЦ⣬ָŸ߿еĽ𻢣㿴׽٣ֿľٶֱӵ׽ٵ
ԣɵΪ֮һʱ̧ͷյ׽١
һ̣ʱǰһĻ󣬸ˡ
а벽ԪĽ𻢣Ȼնϵش߶Ԫƾһ㣬ϵسӿţһ˽һˣÿһζýɢۡ
ÿһνۣƵ̻һΡ
СӣҰĲС
һƣ𻢵һ˿ζЦ⡣
ͬʱڳΧ۵ݣҲզ̾ڽ𻢵ľٶȸе㵣ָе塣
٣ڳʥ߾ʿ˵ǷһУһβɶõܷ֮רһԪʿ˵Ҫ顣
СӾ˵Դ״ӣû뵽ȻԪ綼ûУ
ò˵СӵѪ츳ǳڣǽһе̳ʥ߾磬ɣȫȻûһ˿һսս
ҲºܿСһܹרķˡ
ڳһݣһĿ˸˸ضڶɽٵĽ𻢣۷׷ס
ٿء
ড
ֻһնĽɽۣһööεķûɣһʱ䣬һɫķƾղڽ𻢵֮ϡ
ʱһɿ񱩵ʥӽ𻢵ϯҡػΣɽѡ
ţ
Ԫʶڵһʱͷ˽ķʱϲЦտ쿴Ѿרķ
ЦеΪο
ȣ
˳רĽ𻢣ɣʥ٣Ҳûһľη֮飬ʱȫ߶ڵİԪϵغյ١
Ȼһܹ𻢵θڣҪǸķ
ϣϡ
һصĽϵس˷죬
һĹ֮󣬽ȫʮÿһ̺һɿ񱩵ʥܹɽޡ
ұ
ֻһͺȣ͵һȭҶһ죬֮ϵĽƣ̼ɢīĽƣ٣һյĹ򣬵ָֻӵľɫȥɫƺ
Ҷɢˡ
Χ۵ݻ˻֣Ͻץʱʲôʱܹϵ죬Ҷͣ
䣬Χ۵ݷ׷ɢԿóڶĿлľŵġû˵ҷ
ʦ𡣡
ʦ塣
ವһ˳̤ʥ߾֮˿棬˵ĸоҲȫһˡ
𻢣ĲʵӦܹʥ࿹⣬˵ƾԼͿԷϵ죡
ЦŽ𻢡
ʦ̧٣Ϊ𻢻æڵأҾ
ҡҡ֣ȺúץʱϤµľΪºҾͻμӷϣʱ㲻Ҫʧ
æӦŵ
Ԫ֣ߣȥһӷϴ
Ž𻢰˰֣𻢻⣬뿪ţЦеؿԪ
ţһӷϴ
ԪЩ𣬡ܹƺΪСôһִ㣬²ΰգ
ҡͷһЦҵǳ⣬Ҳֻ㣬Ϊˡ
˵ţӲԪããƺӶȥ
֣Ǻηʥصģ
Ԫеʮ־
˵ʥȪȵīô̽ʵ
ԪͷīҵȻ˵˵һֻɫ룬Ǳֻϧһ嵱˲֮ף̵ʥȪȣ˳ε⣬Ʈ˵ʥȪȻͨīء
ҵī룡

δ䣬ԪȻһǿһֻҪڡ


928 췽ҹ̷
ʲôĹī룿
Ԫ׿ģûɣȻҽīͣɹӦ֪īʥȪȵͷͨǾʥȪȵĹϵһֱսͬˡôǱʥȪȣҪʥȪ֪ˣ룡
һƣԪ֣ȱ𼤶ûеôӡ΢΢һЦ˵ЩҶǣûа취ܾī룬Ϊǧǰȹҵҵľˡʱǧ꣬ҵңֻҪܹģһ㾡ȫҲұľ֮
ԣԪɫһؿã޿κε³һȻľˣǾûʲô˵ˣΪֵܣһȫ㱣ܡֻǡе㵣īвƣҪ֪Ǵ˵еĲ֮ףҪǵ죬Ϣ¶ԣǾܻԶ㣬ñϣ
ҡͷһЦ˵֮סֻһ˵ˣһɱħֻҪжңұһӿȪ౨һΣīΪζҶԳ
˵ţԪƺӶȥԪۿûа취Ȱ˵Ҳֻǰһۡ
ҹһƺ¥·ϸ࣬һɻЦ֮
¥ϷΧһƷƣſɿڵļȣһյȵʮ־ˡ
ݸĶһЩµĸ輧輧ǵΪҪ͸īʵݣǲܵ顣ԣī뵹ҲûбҪڣֻ΢Ϣɡ
סϷҹһˣҲīӱٻ˳龳ԪϷҹֵˣһʼЩԪд£໥֮ܿ
ҹƹѲ˹ζ
īʩʩȻվһƱҡҡλεǰһ𣬳𣬲˵Ҵ˷ǰһҪ󣬻ܹȹһķϣֵһѣ
ԪĿһĵͷϷˡ
ī֣ʲô㾡ܷԸȵģ˵൱ĸûʲô˵ġ
ˬһЦ
ã仰̤ʵˣֵܣûҴˣ
īд󶨣˵˵Ҵ˷ǰ·
·
ԪɵΪ֮һЩЦá
ԭΪī˷ǰҪ׷ٻ󣬻Ѱһӻ֮˭룬īֻҪ·ѡ
ī֣˵ҪӾǰ̨
һī롣
īͷǡ
ī֣ˡð
ɢī̽һҡͷĿǰʵ֮ǧǰ΢΢Ҫǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӣûôס
ǣǵõĵرȻˣЩҲ
ҡͷһЦظĵ죬īģֵҵˡʲôʱ׼Ҫǰ̨ұ˸㳨ʱ
õŵīʱϲЦտļ
֣ҵҲףȻ亱Ĵɫ룬ǣȻģԣδʥȪȵĻѪ֮ǰҵѪ츳ҲѰ޼Ҫǫ́ϿɣڵھʮŸ̨һʶӣǲܵ顣ԣһβҪʵǳ̨ˣ
īһЦ
ʲôҪʵǳ̨
һľֻ˭
ԪҲͣƵĶһŹֵī롣
ৡ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵׵ϡ
ɫۣ˿٣ڳƣܵȵĿ⣬ɫž޲
ţСһȻҪʵǳ̨
Ŀ΢΢һԿףһʱжϳ׵ľΪʱ΢΢ҡͷЦһ벽ԪСһҲܹʵһ̨װɣ
һ٣һУԴӻͳһƿݸī룬ī֣ҪȪĻԸҪлһЩ
īҡͷһЦ˰֣Ҵ˷ǰֻǽ·ѣҪƱԣȪûȥ
īɫϾȰ˵Ļᣬţһ˵⣬СһĿ꣬ɲһ̨ףʵϣǱŵھŸ̨ȥģңҪǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ


929 һֽս
Ԫɵɫһīǿһ׳ա
һ벽ԪСһǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
⼸ǳ룡
Ȼ˵׽Ҫʵǵ̨ףǵھʮŲ㣬ǵھŲ̨סǣƾŰ벽ԪΪȻã
Ҫ֪ھŲֻ̨оſʶӣҲ˵ֻоŸ˻
ڵھʮŲ̨еʶӣھŲ̨еʶӣҪϺܶࡣԶԣҪһѶȣҲӿֲ
Ҫ֪ݹ컯ɾҪǫ́Ͽɵ飬ܹ֮óԸڵھŲ̨һʶӵģֻŸ
Ÿȫʥ۷徳֮ӸռˡûгֹһԪʿ˳ڵھŸ̨һʶӡ
ʵϣԪΪҪϵھŲ̨ףǳ˵Ρ
ī֣ˡðҾȫһЦ
ҡͷһЦشҲ֪Ҫǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӵѶȣڵھʮŲ̨һʶӻҪʮΪֻŸŸĵһ֮ӣӵų׿Ѫ츳⣬ΪҲƽʥ۷壡
һԪ綼δ̤Сһ˵ǫ́ϿɣһʥռҪϵھŸ̨ף̫ʵ
Դϣ顣
ԪΪȻͬò˵ī뷨ʵ̫ڷˣ
ܵԪɣī뵭һЦҲ˵ĵҶǺȻұǸ˽ףҲ֪һðշǳֵã
īһɵ
΢΢һЦԪ䳰ȷû˿
ţ
īĽͣɵ΢΢һٿ׵񣬵ʱһЩмһ˿󣬡ī֣Ȼ㶼֪ϳ̨Ѷȣ֧СӣЩ档֪ܷǽһСһкβͬ
īɤӣͷһЦ˵壬ǻĹʱʮеһŽ壡
Ԫʱһ
ʲôСӣȻǴ˵еŽ壿
Ԫգգ۾һĲ˼飬˵УŽǷ壬ռӲܹû뵽ӾȻͻ䣬̤˰벽Ԫ磡
ԭƳŽ壬ѹָս̨
΢΢ͷлȻܹ˳ڳ̨һöʶӻǲϣī֣Ҳ֪ܹǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӵʥѪ츳ҲǷܹģʮĹҲضá
Žӵʥ۷徳Ϊ»вСϣԻǫ́Ͽɡǣֻа벽Ԫ磬ʥ߶㣡
ҡҡͷ³һھ
ֻ֪һ֪
īˬʴЦԹԵһƣ֮УĩˣܵԪľ֮ɫŲ˵棬ǡ졯˽ܵ飬в֮ӡֻҪܹҵһʥߣսʤףôҾ̴ظ߶š
īֱս飬һгģ
ٺ٣ֿ𣬽컯ɾ֮󣬵õԵˣʵһɳ졣Ѱʥߣǰһ
ְЦ
ѾЩȲˡ
ϷԸ𱬣ʱצţϿһдɣֶɱķǾĵɱöףƨ
ʱ컯ɾ֪ʥӣôöԸˡ
ҹЦŵ
ʲôǲһʥ߾ĵŽ彻֣
ü΢΢°ͣī֣Ȼô£Ҳáһ㵽ףֻǲŽ޼ʿϳԣʥ߳ս
ĻʹӮˣҲʣ
Ϊ³ϣΪ¾ʹӦǲ׶սҲռ׵ıˣֻǲ׵ľ޼ĵӡ
Ԫ֡
תͷԪԸȥһˣΪμĵӹһɫ벽Ԫ硣
ԪӦ֣ҵϣ
˵ţָǡ
ಣ
һ̣ԪӰƾʧ١
ǰҾȫûҪҵľ޼ĵ
Щͷҡҡͷ˷ʱ䣬ֱڵʥ߾ĵҲʹʹɱһΪʵǳ̨
ɵϢһϣɫ졣
һ벽ԪСһȻţȫ
·컯ɾûһ벽Ԫʿ˵ÿ
׵УʥߣȻҲֻ
벽ԪĵӣУȫֵһ᣿


930 Ͼҹ
˰ĻǳīĿڣҲܹܡϾīľˣӵ龳Ϊʶ㣬ҵſڿӡ
ףȫͬˡ
ףֻа벽Ԫ磬壬УֻһСûаʱ˭룬׾Ȼ˷һֲ֪ߵغĸоʱһŭؿڣΪơ
Ǿ죬ܹ֮Ϊĵشߴ֮һɲƾϵĹͳɵġ
лһҾƣкī룬ī֡ǼȾƣ˵ţתͷī뽻յҲÿһۡ
һȻ
ʲôϹ
Ȼڷûʵϣֻһӽ֪ߵغС

ɫƺ֮Уڵ¥ڲ
˳ʥ߾Ľ𻢣ɣڴڲıϣµرĿͬʱ߶ŷʼӦµľΪ
ಣಣಣ
ٿأһӰӶԷϿգն
ţ
ڲı֮ϣĿĽ𻢣ٿ˫΢΢ü
𻢽ʥ߾磬ʶڵһʱͲ
ϢжϣԪʥ߾ݡ
ѡ
ѡ
ӰһһУ˴ǰһͦΣ꣬ѣ˻ұȸֵܣ˷ǰҪѽʶһΪѡ
΢΢һüһƣԭʸġ
һˣҲûʲôӣӱ֮һԾ£Ӱһӣ˴ǰЦŹ˹֣λѣ룡
Ľ𻢣ܵأΪ״ӣݵλԲѰĵܹᲢ۵ġԣһЩλһĵǰʸ飬Ҳʮ顣
ڽһУõʥӣ㣬ǿĿɽҲҪ˼һЩͨӵ뷨ھڣ𻢳էȫһһЩ磬ʮֱҪġ
ԣеһ١
Ϊұȸ꣬һسӭӣʱϲЦտЦǺǵسȥ
˭룬ʱ
һɿ񱩵ƷҲƵϯʮӰƺƵسŴɶͷһˣ֣˶ţһԱƵһ͸죬ȻǸŮ˻Ҫĵˡ
ãǱˣ
Ϊұȸ꣬һˣʱһɫϡ
缸ҿǻȳɣɲǣ
һΪұȸļһһ̼سȰ
ͷ˵ͷæŽ𻢹˹֣һǸѣиǣЩֵܱµı񣬻ܹЦɣ
˵ţ׷׽о׼Уݸ𻢣Ҫȥ
üͷһ壬ǰסһˣλѡΪһҪ뿪ĪЩ˻˲ɣ
ΪұȸֵܣһɬЦ⣬Ҫһһʮظ˵ԵɣΪ˼ɣƺڱǰ˵Ļԣ΢΢̾Ϣһ𣬳ԶշӶȥ
ţ
ұȸֵܣΪοӣʹҴ뿪
ٿأһըװıԴŵûұȸֵһƾͣڰУ룬ҲҴ
ಣಣಣಣ
ܿ죬Ϊ꣬ڴ˴ǰͥԺ֮С
ҹ
ٿأŸ߿еĻұȸֵܱһ
ݼʦ֣
ݼʦ֣
ұȸֵӿЦʱԹԵش˱ΪǰһҾ
ߣСӣΪοӾӣѵӿǲɣ
б΢΢˫һĨĺâԴ
ҡ
ҡ
ŵûұȸֵȫ£һսս
ޣ
߷ߵ˻ұȸֵһڣҡҡλεؿǰ˽𻢵ǰ͵һץֱӴӽ𻢵ؽиС
ֻһȫڲһϾҹ¶˳
Ͼҹ飬ÿһŶȭͷСĿʵĹΡÿһŶֵǣǲɶõĲƱ
ӴǣұȸȻ˽Ͼҹ飬ҲóТʦ֣͸һСɷҲ
ҧ͵һƣһεıϯֱӽұȸֵܸ廨󡣵ʱұȸֵȫӲһɢƺʱɥ
ʦϢŭ
ʦϢŭ
ұȸֵܣʹ飬ҺģлһϾʯԷ׸ʦ֣ʦܹһ棬͵ǵһƨ˳ɲ


931 ̨
ŶﻹһϾʯ
ԣ岻ɵ˫˸˸Ź⣬ұȸֵܵǿֻ׵ĸ򣬡ãٷ׳ֻҪܹ⣬һ·
˵ţһӣһεʱϯֱӽұȸֵϵķˡ

ұȸֵһϢأɫ԰ֽ΢ƽһæ߶µһУǬٻһСɽСϾʯ
ȥһϾʯϰ׸ߣ磬ʵرϾҹҪ˲٣ͷŲٵɳ⡣
ˣһϾʯȻֵǣǷƷ
һϾʯ
ټһϾʯ˫˸˸զ̾
ʮ࣬Ҳ̰ش˫֣ϲЦտ
ֲϾʯТҵƷȻˣҲǣպʲô鷳ұǡ
һö֮ɣұȸֵܵϾʯΪСͬʱһӣһεʱϯֱӽټһϾʯǬڲ
ţ
һ֪ǺȻͬʦֵϿͬʦֵܵĲƱᣡ
΢΢˫һ죬ȴǶһ˿⡣
ǺǣɡΪʦ״ӣէҪһһÿɱɱ磬Ҳõ֪ҽ𻢵ţ
һˣ𻢵ʱһƣԥسűǳǺˣƾʲôλ͸ҵˣ⣬Ͼʯ㣬ƾʲôռΪУ
ϣըףʾһɿֲơ
ৡ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵˽𻢵ϡ
ұȸֵܣضŽ𻢣ǿһ֪İ׳ա
ڱһˣЦһһΣͽΧ
СӣȻҲҶ£
һƣζЦ˵ѾϸΪ״ˣû£
𻢰Ȼͦأȫް㾪֮ɫȻ֪ҵȻǰҰǳıӵˣ
Ӵǣһոսʥ߾СҲ˲񣡡
ޣ治֪ϾЩʲôȻὫҷΪ״ӡҸ֮⣬д
ҧгݡ
ǣǡСӲǷ֮ʦȣֵһᣡ
Сӳʥ߾磬¸Ǳʦֵһ֮У
ʦ֣ҿǲúһ٣֪ʲôǺʲôǰף
ڱһЩ£׷
ѡ
ͬʱұȸֵܵԴ𻢵Ժ֮УȰ㻹ǲҪˣ常˵ִϣݵλϻҪ߳һءΪˣŸ޼ɵڲѹͬʦֵܣ⣬ȻֻʥľΪǴСʳ鵤ҩһ벽֣Ѱ˸Ķ֣
ûкùӳԣ
𻢲ɵƤһٿ񣬶ʱһ˿⡣
ԭ常ǵִϣݻҪһЩѹֵɣаԵ
Ϊ״ӣҲûбҪ±塣
СӣǴˡãھս㣬ǰ̨һ£

̨
΢΢һЩɻ
ѣڲϽͬʦֵܻɱģ˱к̨ļһѰǳìܣѡ̨һ£
ڱ̨ϽоҪ𡣵ȻˣԵ˫ʱѡͶֹԡ
һ˵һսһǲ̨ԣΪͬʦֵܵЦΪŵĳ裡ԡ
˵Ϊұȸֵܣ΢
ԭˡ
һƣ΢΢һЦа˼ȻȻԽ֪Խãǰ̨ػǳעĿһսľûᣡ
һˣ𻢵ʱٳɣӦսû⣬̾ǰ̨һ£ҵҪʲôʸֻµʱһͷعģ
㡭
Ϣһϣֱ¡
ͬʦֵУô˵ˣ𻢻ͷһʱһŨŨɱͷӿ
ʦ֡
ٿأһԺ֮У𻢣ζϵ״ӣ̫أ»ϵŭȻ˵常ǵִϣǣϿӥĶӣҪ鷳ûܹˣ
ԣȰ㻹飬ǧ˴ӵ
ԶĵطһɴŮűƤգգ˫


932 һ
ģзִ磡Ӧʱһӣʮ£ԳŲԶһ̨Ӷȥ
ѣ
ұȸֵһʱһ̼ؿ𻢣Ȱ㻹ǱӦսˡԪ磬Ҫսʤʥ쾳ı壬ǲܵ飡䵽ʱ裬ɴδȸ߹սƣ
ȻұȸֵֻжݵĽ𻢵ԸұȸֵͶϣԣ֮䣬ȫѡ
޷ҪһѵĻᣡ
һЦĻұȸֵܵļ򣬡ǵŰɣһһǴ۽磬ñжߵϾʯǡ
ұȸֵܲɵΪ֮һ
Ȼڽ𻢵ʮֹͬܵȻĳԴ
֮£ұȸֵֻ޿κεҡҡͷŽ𻢣Գ̨ķӶȥ
һעĿļսһ

ͬʱɫƺһ¥ڲī뽻յȵʮֳ졣
ٿأԪӣԷ¥֮С
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵˵ϡ
֣Ѿ˸ˡ
ԪһЦָһȫ׵꣬ǰľΪ벽Ԫ磬ͬȾʿУһĴڡ
һ˵˵ı壬Ǵ˵еķ˺ᡰɵ˫˸˸Ź⣬һİȻЦ⡣
λһΪɳĮѣһΪצ죬ǰ벽Ԫ磬ͬʿУڽĸ֡
ţԪָһŮ
ŮǴһϮɴȻĸûòȴЦɫʮᣬƺ֮նɱǧüͷգһ£һɽĸо

Ϊ⣬ԪİΪ϶ţԹԵһƣīЦī֣ŵĵΣ
īĿһһĨӵתƬ̣ĩˣһЦһﲻҡҡͷ
ٶ˼¶÷ǳסī뿴ӣ׵Ķ֡
ʱֱ£һŭҭںڡ
ץʱ俪ʼա
һԾӾس֣Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ҽһϣ
δ䣬ѡݣȫɫ䣬׵֮УһĨ֮ɫ
һϣ
Ҫ֪ڳӣͬʿУǳ͵ĴڣѾ˰벽ԪеĶˮƽ
ӿҪսʤеһ졣˵һˣǼֱǳ˵Ρ
Сӣݵò񣡡
ʱ뱾Ϊİĭһһȵس׷˶
ڱΪצɳĮѵŮأվԭأʯ
ȻŮĭʵȫԽ״
ţ
һĭһԲϾҪ֣ȻһҪǳ⣬˭룬ȴǱī
ī֣Ҫһ»򣬷ˣҵ͹ⲻȥˡ

ûô鷳īһơ
һ̣˵һĻʱ˵˫֮С
¡¡¡¡
ֻĭӶ˫ȭЯſֲʥһبŶɱһȭͷЯ޾ɱԳ׺Ҷ
һȭǿ׺һӣһɽ塣׵ϣܹ̾׵߹ǸҳƬ׵ҳһ̲ࡣ
˻
Ԫ˷׷׵һҽĵڣϷ֡ҹˣȴһƣԹԵغȾƳ⣬ȫΪ׸еġ
ֻһɽѣĭȭ͵غ׵ؿڣĽԳ˷ɢ˻ռը졣
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ׵ϡ
ڸҴ𣿡
˭룬׾ȻܲأһȻЦسҪҴҲӦ㣬̶ֳȵԪֱڸ
˵ţ͵š˦ȣһӰǰһһա˲俳ĭٶ֮죬ȵʯȫӦ
顭
һ̣ĭ壬һߵķݣֱӱ߷Զһ߹ӦѣƱһ
ء
ܡӵԪǿȣԲֻа벽Ԫ硭
ĭ˫֮У¶һĨ֮ɫҺ
Ƭ̺ص֮УɳĿɿڴؾãĭû֧վ
ʱԪ˵͵ؾһǿһһףȫԼ۾


933 ɨ˻
Ԫûϵܹһ֮ڣΪİĭõز
ʲôĹ
Ҫ֪ĭʵڰ벽Ԫ磬һĴڣѰʥ߶δǰĭĶ֣
񣬱ͬȾһܣ־޴ķ˷ĵľ㵡
ζʲô
ζͬʿУǺɨĴڣ
֮ǰ׺ɣһǲʥ߼ʿսΪǲ֪ߵغëͷСӡ
Ǿһۣףʱȫµʶ
СӣȻƾӲ°ĭȫһȭ̶ֳȵǿȣһЩʥҪʤһ
ԪһҡͷԵظпǧ벽Ԫ磬ǿȾͳԽʥֹ̥һǵһμ˵ӽƾǿȣȫʥ߿⣡
ӵĹԪҲͬʿܹᲢ۵ģܹһȽĭߵõزԪ߰ʥ߶
զпΪ˵дŽ壬ʵȻͬ죬֮ǰСˡīƴܹڳ̨һʶӣҲſڿӣ
һˣҲʱűΪצɳĮѵŮʹһɫ
Ů⣬Ҳٽʲôƽƽ붯׷˶ȥ
ô˵һԣǾ֮սĭһּԵķʽȻҲЩȻ޹⡣
֮£ֻúצɳĮһ֡
ȻӮˣҲӮòʣô˵Ҳǽŵһ˿סˡ
ϧ׿צɳĮŮǺʵԣͬ׼սپ
ɳĩգ
ֻһȣΪɳĮѵŮ͵ʩչһطɳǺǣɳĮס㣡
˵䣬޾ɳ˲û۳һӴɳĮҪ׸С
צ
צҲͬһʱȻ֣ǧצӰ̼۳һīĺצɽɱ죬һبħצԻƳգ׷ץƺ̼Ҫ׸һŲƬ
ǺǣҵҪŽ彫ӭս
źצɳĮһͷŸԵľΪ͵ͷޡ
Ԫǽ߬ȭͷҴ
ϷҹֵˣһЦյڼҵսȫΪ⣬ƺ̶ֳȵսûʲôɹԣʤˡ
ã
ɳ۳Σͦǹ΢΢̣ٿأ͵һȭҶХ
𡭡
һ̣ƽһХһ㣬ը˶ĤѪӿ˵ĶӲƺ̶֮С
ʱΪצɳĮѵŮǶһֻɢĸо
ಣ
ǧһ֮ʣαӣ͵طצɳĮѵǰ˫ֱ̽ӶסŮʺ
ͬʱһεԪֱϯŮͷ­ֻҪ΢΢߶ԪΪצɳĮѵŮ̾ͻᵹڵأһغ
ѽҪ
Ⱦҡ
ܵԴΧĿԪŮʱҲƵؾһ޵滨ꡣ
ৡ
ԪһΣ֮е֮ɫŨҡ
ףͬʱ̳ͬͬһ֮ڽ˸ܣңںֵ˲Ťתƣ
ױȵƿѰʿܹġ
֣ղŽͷŵʲôطȻҶ΢һ˲
Ԫһٿ׵񣬶һ˿ء
֮ǰ龳Ԫףһ־Ӹ¡ӵ̬ġ׻˰ĭԪУҲǸ츳䳬׿ˡ
ڣʩչطХ֮Ԫ׵Ŀһٰʮȴת䣡
ʣХطǷǳ߶˵طܹ˲Ϣ֮Ťתս֣춨ʤ֣ÿһʿط
龳ԪԿ͸
Ҳ̫һרطӵڶ࣬治֪ӵʵʵжôĿֲ
һ˫ɵúһ㣬ףڣе㿪ʼŽܹڳ̨һʶˣ
Ӹһ̥
ҧҧתͷԪҲʲôӲˣԪ֣ڵڣʥҵĵҽһҪƣһ벽ԪСŶôֲļ


934 Ƕ

ԪҧأܵīЦЦ񣬲Щӷ̣֣ģһ˵ʲôʧģһսʤŽĵ
˵ţαӣԳԶշӶȥգۼ㳹ʧ١
īһЦһգգ۾ƱȰ֣ǼȾƣϷŸոտʼһһ㿴ܵһĻģ
δ䣬ɵϢһϣɫϡ
仰ʲô˼
˼˵צ졢ɳĮӣֵһ᣿ֻǣֻʥ߼ĵӣʩչʵ
оһ
ЦǺǵģī뽻յȵͨ졣
Ǻǣһ㲻Ůˡ
һףԽΪצɳĮѵŮſˣô޶˵Ů
ΪɳĮѵŮŵɫҰףȵָʲǣݽҧˣһΪҪûˡ
֪СŮɷ빫С弸
ΪצŮһײδʹº֣飬Ķϧ񣬶ʱ׵ĺøֱ
˵צƽڲһºţɽ
ƺ˼˵צһɽŮĮǸһ־֮ǧĸо⣬һջʱ޿̲ջ˵񾭣ɢ˵ӡ
С弸
üͷһˬӦкβɣϣ
״Իص˾֮ϣΪצŮ֫ϸؿ׵ı۰֮ϣΪɵظһơ
ˬʴЦŮ֫һֱӽƺȸ⡣
ʲôǾȻһʾãûпɣ
ΪɳĮѵŮĿԲǿ˲˼һĻ
ܵĿ⣬ΪצŮһЦֻԱǿкøУָܹ׽ҵˣȻŹ
˵ţһ˫ֽ׵һϣƺ׻㻳Ƶġ
֡һսջķᰡȻŮͶܣ
һѵźצ죬ЦŴȤ
ŮҪҲһԣҪţҵʵֱҲ̫Զģ
һ׳ͷֵʱе罣űΪɳĮѵŮһƺ뵱ȻΪֻҪսʤŮҲһŷͶͱ
ϧΪɳĮѵŮô֣߷ߵطһۣαӣһɥضӶȥ
ȻŮǸĸ֮ͬʿǽһлܣشģȲҪһطˡ

ټһǶڣ̨ϰٸ̨ÿһ̨Ρ۾ƷǷȥһ̨ããɫƺ֮У̨ΧһεĽ罫̨˳һֹܹ޹һ棬ҲܹӪһԹƽľᱻš
ÿ
ÿ
ٿأһ˴ǵسŽǶķӶһǱ壬ŵ÷׷׳ˣ
쿴ƺҪ˾ˣ
˹ˣʲôܹñ˵ô£Ҫ֪ԱȨƣڵڲѺаԵˣȫŹ棬ͬʦֵܸҪҪ⻹ҵһο̨У˹ƽ
Īʲôرٺ٣͸о˷ܰϣܹǧıݺݵһ٣
Χ۵ݣһؽ̨֮У˫˸˸Ź⣬һ۷׷ס
ܿ죬ұȸֵܣŴ˽Ƕڴ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽˽һ˵ϣ˫Ϊ
ţǻұȸֵܣұȸֵܣ϶ʦӣҪʦֽоļһǸɫ˫ļһ
һЩҲܲڵӡѵŵĵӣ
ˣֻ֪һ֪ˡյ״ӣոսΪʥδһƬ
ʲôյ״ӣǺĻԵˣȻܹϵ£شӽڲûʲô˵ȥˡ
ûϵĸףӥ˭ǣҲֻбӵǿɽļһϵ״ˣ
ǻǶϵ״ڴأ֪ӾʲôȻܹϿУ
Χ۵ݣĿ壬ܿ˽𻢣һţ𻢵񣬳һĨĽʺޡ
ع£
ǣԳŽǶһ̨ȥ̨ڴһɫ۵İߣЦع
ǺǣǱ尡ʲô罫ˣ
عȻԱʮϤһ壬ʱЦݰȻغ
ع£Ҵ˷ǰҪһ̨ԣ֤
һЦ˵ţתͷԵһʹ˸ɫǰͳʮöƷϼѵ޾ˣݸع¡
ţҪ̨ԣ
ع²ɵ΢΢һΪ֪ĸСôù㣿˵ţֵʮö޾̫ˣ̨бԣҲֻҪʮö㹻ˡ
ع£ľТġһƣһЦתͷ˽Ų̨ڵĽһˡ
عĿһԿ˽һˣĿڻұȸֵתƬ̣ԿͦصĽ𻢣ҡͷһЦСӣʥ߾磬ǳȻҲԣҪ̨ԣ
ҡҡͷعһű壬壬ӾʲôΪڸܲһ˿ӡĪǱľӣ
عһɻز²ţΪڱţڽһĻԱֶΣҪһʥ߾ĵӣ󶯸ɸ̨꣬ԡ
ҲҲ
ҡͷһЦǰǸ˶Ҳ֪ô£ȻϸΪ״ӣһʱ㽫Լ̨ԣû뵽Ҳ֣ƴǣ
ԣع²ɵõһٿ𻢵񣬵ʱһ˿ء
û뵽ӾȻϵ״ӣ
عºݺݵһĭæ壬һֿҪ㣬㵽ֹҪһʱʧ󣬽Ӹˣһ׷ҶԲ˶ߣ
عµĹ£ǱҪԲҵ״ӡ
ģзִ磡
üͷһһԽԽΧȺڣһЦҴ˴εĿģش𻢣ҪŵǰһͿأ涪
ع΢΢ͷ³һڴӦ


935 
ץʱ俪ʼգ
н̸ıع£𻢲΢΢üԵΪͷ
Ǽһϡ
ع΢΢һЦæͳ򣬸Զ˱𻢣УŽоĸֹ涨ȷ֮󣬵һξѪΪȷϡ
΢΢һЦҧ⣬ӿ³һξѪе֮УڲϿҲ
һֱ֮̽Уһ֮䣬ͽеϢȫϡͬҧ⣬֮С
ˣǷһ¼𡣡
ع½ƱܺãţһϾ˵һһ̨ϵĽ磬Ὣǧ⣬ǲ׼κη׼καףֻóֿȭоһҷףжΪ
𣿡
عʵ
ˡ
ˡ׷׵ͷ
˿̨̣ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬㣬Χˮйͨ
Ȼ½״ӵ׳ԣڶӶǳȤ
ãбԵ˲̨֮Уʽ磡
ع»˻֡
һȵز̨֮Уһ·֮ϣϵسǰΧ۵˻ʾ⣬һʤȯյĿģ
ڽ𻢣ǼĬĿᶨһһ̨̤룬һǹͦ
¡¡
ٿأ̨ΧһεĽ磬ųտɫΣԣ͸͸Ľ磬ؿڲľ
ͬʱڲ˲ǧ
ȣ
ֻһͺȣɫǵͨ죬ֻоԼ̶֮У֮ǱһΡɽ
۽𻢣ȫ͵ظ߸𣬼Ⱪ͹һħˣ
ǧô
𻢸ҧ̶ֳȣ޴룡һЦ̧ͷһĨ֮ǵԹ֮ɫƺ̾Ҫǰ˺
ŽһͿأܴ죬գ
𻢸ҧƺǽ䵱ס
ɱ
Ž𻢵Թ񣬱ζһЦٿأԱһ㣬سŽ𻢷˶أÿһŵþ𵴡
ҿ̨ĵرʣǰ꣬εĽػĻգۼͻķѡ
¡¡
ͬʱһɿֲʥͷϯ£糱Ԩ纣һҪոǧ
ȣ
𻢲ҵ͵תԪעұ֮УԳűҶȥ

ֻһıɽѣ𻢵ȭͷȭӲغһ
ۡ
һΣֻо飬Ԫ˲ң˸ƶߵķݣԵɶ
۱壬ǰͦˡ

ʱڳΧ۵еӣȫһƬһҵ
һʥ߾ļһȻҲսʥ쾳ʦ֣ǲҪ֪ʦֵıǴ˵еı𰣬һЩʥ۷徳ݣδĶ֣
״ӣҪɨˣ
ԲŸոտʼձ磬ػ뾡취ĥֵģĺϷں棡
ҵֱ̨֮УΪԵʣûһ˿һ̨ڲ
Сӣ֪֮Ĳж˰ɣ
һƣΪΪϵ״Ӿţˣʶ㣬Ͻ뿪죬ĻֻΪŵЦԶػҵӰ֮У
˵ţݺݵس̱ڵصĽһڡ

𻢵ͫȻٿȼһشصһ
ǺǣƾҲѹһͷ
֧վǿŰ׳һű壬ڣһʵδ䣬һɫķӽ𻢵ϯڽȥʮ֮࣡
ÿһ׳̺һϵʥ
̼䣬ڷеĽ𻢣ǣһӾŲ
ݺЦ
Žϯʥһʾش߶רʱʮģķ¶ƣÿһƺܹױһأʮͬʱ߶һ֮䣬磬˲
̨ĵϣ˪ᣬ߿˶ëѩһ˪ƽԭ
ǺǣʱȼҽһĽʥˣ
΢΢һƣӹһĨ֮ɫ
ʱռеһؽʥ𣬿ʼȼž졣
ͬʱΧȺڣը˹һ㣬׷


936 ת
ս˫һʩչ˷׼ȫɱˡ
𻢣Ϊϵ״ӣȻͬ죬ողԪ磬һʮÿһ̺һɲСİʥѰʥҪսʤԲôף
Ԫ磬һʮ˵Ϊıʦ֣ҪʤһʦѾʥ쾳ʿڵר˵ƷҪһΣԣȻʦֵķֻʮҪϣȴȵѹס˽𻢣
𻢱ΣҪ߶ƴҲ֮СƾոķҪһŤתս֣սʤʦ֣ǰΣ
Χ۵һݣǾڲĵӣڱʵΪ˽⡣ۿ𻢴߶ҪŤתս֣䳰ȷûжĿԡ
ټ̨룬ȫ߶ʮȫɽ֮Уһɱʱᱬһ
ڱ壬ƾŷ̨ڲĿռ䣬ȫƿԼ֮Уټһ̨Ʊ˱ı磬壬ǹƿߣռΨһһ
йȫһɫǺ죬˫һգգ
ಣಣ
ʱһ⻮Ƴգϯ龳ƣŵýǶһΧȺȫȻһ׷׹ִԪʱɫ䣬һæÿһ·۷׷ס
˵ڴˣǷʵ
Ԫץסһӣѯʡ
ϣʦ̨бأ
ץסĵһ壬æ
ԪΪִϣƹŵڲ̷ŵĵӶԪΪη񿴵ԪӴҴ
̨˱ԣ
Ԫ΢в죬ʱӰӣԳ̨ķӶȥ
ಣಣ
һʱ䣬Ԫ̨Χµ̧ͷȥа˼ţӳŽս¹棬ҾԲɴ⡣Ϊ˱׼һʥ߶ĵӣһʥ쾳ĵӣһʥ߰ĵӣݴ״һҲȷսʤŽǰ£ӮþһЩ
ԪŽǰѾˡټһţúߴ֮һȻҲһŽͬʿսʤ֮
񣬾Ԫɳʥ߾ʿսʤŽ壬Ҳûʲôɽġ
Ԫɳĵӣֻʥ߶ؾ磬ǻһһ㳡ӡ
ǣɳĵӣʥ쾳磬ڸߣôӮˣҲ˵
ԪΪĳϣ޷һ
Ŀǰ£Ԫ˵õһһʥ߾ڵĵӣսʤŽ壬Բܼˡ
ԪĵӣܸŽ壬ôͳ׶ˡ
ԪۼʶŽʵΪŽʵѰʥܹ⣬ǳʥ߾ʿҪսʤŽ壬ǳѡ
ԣԪǳþᡣ
ѰãδҵһԪڵĵӣܹоԵİսʤŽ塣
֮£ԪֻѰʥ쾳ĵӡ
ʥ߳ڵĵӣʥ쾳ĵУҪҳһЩ̳սʤŽ壬ԪоŲСİյġ
ڵһʱ䣬Ԫ뵽˱Ϊı壡
һʥ쾳ʿڵĵУͣʵ֮ǿһЩʥ۷徳ĵӣ俹⡣
ԪţֻҪǲһܹսʤŽ壡
ǣԪЩǣ˿̨̱֮˱ԡԪеӻԲ̨ԣ˵ӵǿݱѰӵǵġ
ĸıӵĵӣǱ壿
Ԫ
ţ
飬Ԫ׹Կ̨룬һ̣ԪսĵӣȻǽʱɵõһҽ
ʲôȻǽ𻢣
𻢣ʥ߾磬úõǱȻ̨ԣ
ԪʧɫǱ״ӣ¹ش󣬾Բܳʲô⡣
һ̨УɱǺ롣ԣΣԪҪֹһ̨ԣ
ಣ
£ԪαӣԳ̨ڴӶȥ
ع£
ԪĿ棬Զع£⾿ô£Ϊν̨ɱ
عһˣʱŵȻһæսսӦִϣǱҪ𻢽̨ԵģϷȰ裬ϧ΢ᣬޡ֮£ֻ˶Σչ°¡볤Ϸģһӳʲôģ
Ԫһҧ̧ͷһĴս˼ӿ糱


937 ѡ
Ԫж֮Ի̨ԣʣһǱƵĽ𻢡
ԿڲаԵʱѹͬŵӣҲǵһ˵ˡ
΢˼һͲ³еԵɡ
û뵽һȻҽսʥ쾳ı̨ɱ
ҡҡͷԪ𻢵ǿһ֪ߵغС
ˣˡ
Ҳý𻢳ԳԿͷҲǺ¡
һˣԪҲҪֹ̨ԣµؿ̨΢ƣãҲԺúÿһʵܹ⣬һŽս
ع¶߶µվԪԣҴһ˫۾ض̨Ԫĵһ̨֮ϳʲô⣬ع¾Իڵһʱǰȥֹ
ɱ
Ŀ֮£ȫڽ֮еĽ𻢣͵رһƵһʮ͵ر˲۳һӴΣЯŰʥҲƵسűҶ
ݺЦ
İʥ΢΢һЦͬ߶ʮ
ڱķ̺һɳǵĺ⣬һռƺΪ֮ᡣ
顭
һ̣һ໥ײ춯ءǣڱķ׾ٵؾͽ𻢵ķѹˡ
һʮͽ𻢵ķѹ
顭
һıÿռը̹ټ̨ҪΪ֮ҡαѿ
ۡ
һΣֲܵʥѹƣɵϥһϥء
ڱ壬ǰͦأ죬һŽ𻢣ЦСӣ֮ܵĲ˰ɣ㲻һСˣһ֮䣬Ϳɢ
˵ţ尵߶ŷʹҵؽƺҪ𻢵һʮնϡ
ʱ𻢽˶ͦεһζ£һ߹ڱöϣ

̨ΧĹڣʱһ˷
ʥ쾳Ϊػܹһϸ£ϧ𻢳Ԫ磬ʵ̫ǳˣ
𻢵ķȫ֮Уһ֮Ϳý𻢻ɢΪһ߸ʬҡ
ؽһսΪĨ֮ȥĳ裬˵ӽ𻢾ͻһ겻ҲԴ
Χ۵УеΪϧϣܹϵشеһֻģƺΪ״ӵļһǳʹ졣
̨֮ϣ̹ǣͦǹһ񣬸ŰڵصĽ𻢣ЦСӣھ͹ظҿͷҾͷһĻҾɵ״ӵݣʹɱ֡ǣ۶㼸ûġ
պ󣬾׷Ҳ̨һʱʧ֣Ҳûа취
ζһЦò񣬡ϾѾѪѺһкге
ԣ͵ػһҧŹǣ̧ͷһ˫Ѫӽضնı壬ζһЦΪѾô
δ䣬͵ҧ⣬ĬһĿھ
ʱ߿еķ𵴣ɻ⾶Դӷڲϯ
Ž壬ҲԼٰܸκһˣҧгݡ
ţ
ܵ쳣״ı壬ɵȻһɫٿȻ䣬ãʲôϵȻҵרѹˣ
Ҫ֪ķӵżΪֲı˪ܹ֮ױǬ
˭룬𻢵ķڲȻһɿֲĻķѹ
ܡ
״ƴش߶ŷҪѹӿĳ⡣
ϧĻ⣬ƻɽơ
䡭
ʱĿĿУһɰɫĻȻѿֱӽһʮը÷׷˳ȥһ̺Űʥķùâѿ
ǱըķѣΪĲƬ׷ɣٲȻѾûˡ
ء
شı壬Һһ˺ƶߵķһ㣬ԴӸ߿׹һһ̨֮ϣ̱ࡣ
ȣ
ʥ𣬻
͵һӣİɫʱ۳һػ棬ӿ𻢵֮Уţһʮ½Ϊһ⣬ӿ˽𻢵ڡ
𻢣ܷ죬һս
ڣ֪˭ǿ˭˰ɣ
Ҳ˭ʲôңֻһ³
ЦವһһŲڱ֮ϡ


938 һٳ֪
ֳĹڵʱΪ֮Ȼ˭ҲǰһĻ
𻢣Ȼٲ£һתƣ˲һı壡
Ҫ֪ʥ쾳ʿǸǷҪ𻢺üΣ
ûϵͷȻŤת˾ƣ
ģûпգͷŶʲôؼȻһٽķˣҲģ
̫˼ˣΪϵ״ӣԪܹʥ쾳ı壬Ҵ۽磡
һսν֮սشӽҲеӵҶ䲻ˣ
ʹ죡һˣŵӱѹҪ췴ˣϧһֱûܹվ񣬽𻢵ڻܱ壬Щܹѹĵӳسһڶ
Χ۵Ⱥڣտˮһ׷ֳһƬң糱Զơ
Բܡ
̨ڴ뷢԰׵عض̨𾪵һĻһĲ˼顣촽ãδ֯һĻ
𻢾Ȼ˱壿
Ԫ˫ɵúһһ㣬ŵɫ壬ʥ켶ĵУڶĸ֡𻢲Ԫ磬Ȼ˱壬Ҵ⣡
һԪͬΪ壬ֻһͿصķݡ񿴵Ťתս֣ܱ壬ĵظе˼顣
ȻԪ𻢵ʤһ˿Ľңֵ˱еһ͵Ϯ˲Ťתս֡
ǲɷϵǣ𻢵ʵǳÿֲ
˵Ҫҳһʥ߾ĵӣܽ𻢣ǲ̫ܵ顣
û뵽ʥӾȻôֲ
ãԪ΢΢̾Ϣһһп
ҳϣԽѾˣҪҪֹɱ
ع³Ԫһۣѯʵ
Ԫ΢΢һЦñúóʧܵζԺΪ˴£кô
ԣعµͷӦŵֽ̨ΧĽ㴹׶
̨֮ϣһŲڱ֮ϣЦζСӣ֮ǰˣӻұȸֵжߵϾʯǲӦԭˣ
ɫ԰ֽһһ̱ڵء
Ȼĸı壬ҪһͷײУҧҧȻ̾ϢһӦҸͽϾʯ黹ұȸֵܣ
һƣҵϾҹأ
ԭ
δ䣬æ˵ţһֱ֣ӴǬнϾҹ飬ԼһϾʯٻ˳
촽ŽŴӱŲ֣һЦǲԺ󾡹ұʱ㣡ҪסұȸֵҵˣҪǵҶһëҲ
˵ţһѽһıУӳ̨
ʱΧ۵Ⱥһɢ̱ڵͬһı壬ȫĵ䳰ȷ
ı壬ĸоҪһطȥ
ʮ£׷׷Ӷ
С֣Ȼҵ˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
ҧгݣһԹضŽ𻢡
ĩˣ
£ɽХĳЦУһ˺ɥ֮Ȯһ֮ززҪǱжǱ
ԭҪ˻ᣬúһ𻢣ý֮ɨأҲ̧ͷ˭룬һͿأ涪˾ȻԼ
𻢣ȴһս⣡
ɻ
ֵǣô
𻢣ȻΪ˸ǳͷϧ塭
ӽֵܣ͸Ž𻢻ˣ
ұȸֵһ㵣øж֣Ҫ׷𻢣ڡ
ಣಣಣ
£ұȸֵһԾ˽𻢵ǰһذڵأһʦֵ֣ܳǸмʦֲֵܣպ͸ʦֻˣ
˵ţұȸֵһع
𻢲ɵǰһϲЦտ첽ǰλֵܣǿҽȻṼǣֻҪҽһ죬Ͳκǣӽ󣬹ͬѣ
ұȸֵܵʱϲ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ҸֻϾʯϽջȥգָСɽһϾʯ΢΢һЦ
ʦ֣ǲϾʯֵТģֻҪ׼׷㣬ȸһϾɽҪ󣡡
ʦϾʯ
ʦϾʯ
ұȸֵһ


939 
ŻұȸֵܿеĿ⣬𻢲ɵ΢΢һЦͷӦȻֵУҲֻйˡĻԵҽ飡
ҲãϾʯҾˡҽ𻢣Բǵģ
һЦһӣһСɽϾʯʱ𻢵ıС
ǿûұȸֵѾ׷ˣӽ˽ɽҲþ±ʦˣ
ĽұȸֵܣҪҲܹʦֿУΪֵܾͺˣ
ǺǣȻʵȺϾէСǼļһպ϶ӱر׷𻢣е㲻ʱˣٹһ˵
ǵĵӣôʥ죬׷һʥ߾СʵЩ˵ȥ
Χ۵ݣһ۷׷ףвٵݣܱĥ¾̨ذڵأʼԱţ׷𻢡
һ߰ʮӴӵڽ𻢵ýĻŭš
Ȼ˵ҲҪ˻һսûϵô˵ЧһӾ£߰ʮӡ
ؽٶķһЩ˼Ҫõʱ䣬ܹ֯һԼ
ڽЦĬĬ֯ŻʱವһһɫӰԷ̨ͬʱһ龳ĿѹѹȵڳȫһһɫҰף
ǾȻڴ֮ͥɣĪǽŵĽɸ֮Ժˣ
˲ˣȻִԪһͷȣŵ̨ϵһڵӷ׷ױͷܣ̶̵һ䣬ټһ̨֮ϣһӰҲûУֻʣ½εվԭأͷȫȻûзź죬Ͳʱĺ顣
Сӣһ˲ţէڲϣ£һӣպҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ
ԪŴײĽ𻢣һƣЦ
𻢣ʦ֮ǰ㲻ҪߣסĪô
Ԫѵ⡣
Ӵˡ
𻢵ҽһ䡣һ̨ԣҹ£ʵǱǸһ̫
סڣ
Ԫͷһ˫΢΢𣬡𻢣Ҳִ֪Ǹʲôģľǽڣ˵ΪҪȻڽʦ֮ˣôҾбҪϳͲ֪ʲôɣ
ԣ𻢵ʱɫҰףȫһ¡
Ž𻢵ģԪе⣬ȴǹž޲׻˵֪ҿէ͸һĻᣡ
һ˵нĻᣬ𻢵ʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬һϲԪ
ڽ˵ܹ죬ܹ״ӣһĻԵˡΪ˷̨ԣţǽƱؽ׷Ī
Ҫȥһʿд裬ֻҪұһֻ۱һֻۣ
Ԫ
𻢸ոսʤʥ쾳ı壬ıʱԵʱظĵ졣
һҪӣȸߡ
Ԫ˫һವһ֮ϣع°˰֣Ϊһ⣬ԳԶϯȥ
𻢹ؽ󣬲Ρ
ûɴĻҳϵƢԣҹµְ񣬽ҸΣֵһᡣ
תʧԪ𻢣عĦŰ룬ص̾һ
һǼ񵽱ˣ
Ԫһ߷Уһ߰⣬û뵽СӣȻܹܱ壬ʵҪܰ벽ԪŽ壬Ӧ׾٣һŵҲǱסһЩ
û뵽һӢȻҪһէĵӾȳǶ
Ԫп
ܿ죬ԪһǰһһǶߵɽϣӣ
һͺȣ̺һɲΥʥϯɽһҡΡ
ಣ
ܿ죬һݰС꣬ԴɽĶѨзӶԪǰ񣬡Ӱݼִϣ
ڽһҪϣܹúñ֣Ҫڳ϶ȡʤ֮󣬶ͣ
Ԫ
ݰСӹӦ¶ȫԸ
͵͵شӣý𻢰ȵǣӵƣԲڱ֮¡
ߣȥһѡ֣
Ԫһ̲ͣ𣬾ԳƺϷӶȥ
ʦ֣½𻢣ϵ״ӣպա
ӽкѡ
ԭԽδһ˵ϵ״ӣʱһ̸


940 ѻ
壬һٲֱǧߣ졣
ѰٲͬǣγɣҪһƬ꽵ˮγɵġ
ΪһƬƣããƺ֮Уγһ壬ϣȲֹ
һŴֲµŮ㣬ϥٲײɺХµٲˢĽأһ
һʮء
ǵĵӣһŮİǱΪѻŮܿܿ
֪ѻһ㶼ͨڣûһֻѻȫɫġ
ò˵ѻǸԵࡣ
Ϊѻܿܿ츳ѪڣһЩĴֵһᡣ
ܹܿܿ죬ΪڲҪһЩѾߣڻԵɺ֮£ܿܿš
˭룬Դӽ֮ܿܿһɳ죬ܿѾߵݲμӷ˳˵һ죬Ϊŵӡ
ܿܿϵشһ¼
ڶ̶̵һʱڣ˵ڶ죡
ţʱ䣬ͷ˵죡
󣬽ķʮʱ䣬˵죬Ϊ˵һӢӣ
˵ܿܿڵĵУʱ̣ǣΪȴߡ
ܿܿķ˶ʮʱ䣬ͽʵʥ߾죬ҲϵؿʼԳʥ磡
˵Ϊѻܿܿǧѷһţ
˵ܿܿʵҪϵȫûģĻֿٴδһ¼ǣܿܿƺǳء塱ȻγɵٲҹЪٲԼľΪ
ڣΪ壬ϧ죬ϴƵ¼
ڰѻܿܿڲвٵĵǰ׽еĵӣֺٰðѻܿܿҪɵ£˫ޡ
ϧЩһضѻܿܿ
ѻܿܿԹƧ壬ѰóȻѻܿܿŭ
ԣʱһڲĵӣҲûһ˻ûȤǰǰѻܿܿ
ܿܿ
ԪһӣϿգٲµŮһ
˫ŮһʯƺûԪĻ
ԪҡͷһЦ֮¶һĨɬ
ִϣպգҲֻаѻܿܿˡ
ʦ֣һȻ˷ִ϶ӣ֪Ǻ
һ·֮ϣѾϤˣһѻܿܿ޶Եģо
ǱΪѻܿܿǸˡ
΢΢һЦʼµظ𻢽ѻܿܿ¼
˲һզп
һյĹٲ֮µİѻܿܿ˫ӿ³һһΣʱҡֱϾԪǰ΢΢Ƿݼִϡ
Ǻǣܿܿôʲôʱܹɹʥ磿
ԪڰѻܿܿȫȻûһ˿һĹһе꺮ů
ѾΣȫʧܣ׼չǱ꣬󣬼ʥ磡
ѻܿܿףϧ˵ģ˸оĵĸ顣
ܿܿ㲻Ҫż˵ֻһƿҪ˷ǡ
Ԫ΢΢Цſο
ѻܿܿüһ壬ͷִ֪ǰкιɣûʲô飬һҪ
Ȼѻܿܿ׼ˡ
һĻýӲզп
ǺǣȻ£һ¡
ԪˬһЦڰѻܿܿĹŹƢȻϰΪŵӽһϣܹųǳɹ֣ܶͣ
ԣѻܿܿʱԣǹճһĨĶǵȣʲôģ
ѻܿܿԸƧ֮⣬¶ݣҲǳġ
ŵУû˻ֿԵ̨ԣԣһֱѻֻܹܿܿɱޣʵս
һ˵л˶սѻܿܿʱ°Ȼ

һѻֵܿܿľΪԪʱΪ֪ѻܿܿĸ͵Ķ֣ԣҲֱӿڣԷҼ츳ΪڵʿǽϣϵھŲ̨ףһʶӵѡ֣
ԣѻܿܿɽһʲôϣϵھŲ̨ףһʶӵѡ֣
ʱһɳսϯ˲
ڲеӶ֪ѻܿܿһĿ꣬ϳ̨ڳ̨һʶӣ
Ϊ˵ĺѡ֮һ
ԪȻ˵ҲҪϳ̨ңȰѻܿܿϣһĿ꣬ʱðѻܿܿս죬ȲҪɱս


941 һӻ
ǺǣƿĿƣܹһʥ۷徳Ķɱս˵ܹջ񣬰ͻƿʥ硣
ѻܿܿž޲
ԣԪɵΪ֮һһĿɬЦ⡣
Ȼѻܿܿսѡ֣һʥ۷徳ʿ
ϾԪĻпԵ֪һϣǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӵʿ
ͨ˵ҪڵھŲ̨һʶӣô侳Ϊһʥ۷徳磬ĻҪһʥ۷徳֮ӣڳ롣
ǰѻܿܿδ̤ʥ֮ǰҲûǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӡ
ʲôҪԵĶ֣һʥʿ
𻢵ʱһһ㵵ؿԵӡ
ҲһãȻҡҡͷЦԸⲻģĻǵҪսʤһʥʿûпܵ顣
ʱӣȫ˫˸˸ŹضԪʵҳϣҪսʿһʥ۷徳ĸ֣ȫûȡʤĻᰡ
ܵеľ֮ɫԪЦһæǲҪң˭˵ǵĶһʥ۷徳ʿˣʵϣǵĶʥ綼ṳ̂룬ԣȫҪδսӡסһҪʮֵľֻʤʧܣ
Ԫ˵ŽʵΪĻ½Ӷ᲻мһˣʱе״̬£ױŽϻɻܡ
ԣǳһ԰
ţ
˵ֲʥѻܿܿü΢ʱЩͷҵĶ֣ʥ綼ûУңʮֱǸҳϣҿûʲôʱ˷ѣʹ˸ǣ
˵ţѻܿܿҪת뿪صǱ
ȻܹðѻܿܿսĶ֣Ψʥĵӣһʥ綼ṳ̂Ķ֣ǾԲѻܿܿķ۵ġ
Ҫ֪ѻܿܿӵʥ۷ľΪԪĵУûж֡
ȥսһͬʿ޷ս⣬ʥ磬Ҳûʲô档
һѻܿܿоܾ˼ԪһȰ˵ܿܿȱżߡһνҲҪ֮㣬ֻҪȷһʧˡ⣬Ϊ㣬ʹȪͻƿʥ硣
ţʹȪ
һ˵ȪΪͣѻܿܿʱһ٣ֹͣȥĽŲ
Ȼ˵԰ѻܿܿľΪҪƾȪǿͻƿ̤ʥ磬ûоԵİա
ǣǰѻܿܿȪôѻܿܿƿ̤ʥİգ͸ˡ
ãҴӦ㡣
ѻܿܿʮֹɡ
ߣ
Ԫ˵˰ѻܿܿʱãкŽ𻢡ӣһ˾ԳƺشӶȥ
һ·֮ϣӿѻܿܿһξ룬ҴʼգҶ࿴ѻܿܿһۣһѻܿܿǺޣһٱᡣ
۽𻢣ȴû̫Ĺ˼ɣۿѻܿܿף츳ڣʱ˽ύͷܹ£ѻܿܿôڲĵλι̡ڣһѻܿܿ˫޵£ôڽ˵ޱʱһܵӵļ뾴壡
һˣҲûйĳɣϢظѻܿܿȥһܿܿʦ㣬½𻢣յ״ӣʦܹЯ
Ϊ̧Լһͽ״ӵ˵˳ԭΪѻܿܿһ࿴亮Ѽ䣬˭룬ѻܿܿһͷбһ۽𻢣ߵ
৵һ£ɫǵͨ죬ֱ¡
û뵽ѻܿܿȻĿˣڽſڱôҲϵ״ӰȻһ涼
ٰ֮£ҲûȤԹԵطɵһԣͷ̾Ϣ
ٺ٣һӻ˰ɣ
شǰȤҸ㰡ڲ֮ӣҪõѻܿܿԴʾԼڲͬŵӾƳ硣ϧһ⣬ȫʧˡҪõѻܿܿأֻһ취Ǿ̨ԾԵƽܣ
ţ
һ㶣Ƭ̺ϵıɬ
ԾԵƽѻܿܿܣ
Ҫֻ֪һʥ߾ʿˣ֮ǰܹʥ쾳ı壬ҲΪҡ
ʥ۷徳İѻܿܿ¸ûл֮ҪһͿء
ԣҪͨܰѻܿܿأڽ˵Ǹûϣġ
֮£˼ֱӴ쿪ͷ
һν˳Ӯˣ϶вٺôûҳΪѻܿܿϧʹȪǺúñ֣ýʤôһҲвƵ͡
һܵĦȭƣоӲӡ
һʱ΢΢ͷڼĽʱһ˿Ρ
˿̵Ľ𻢣ûϵԵĶ֣ȻͷŽ塱ǸܣٰУ
Ļ𻢿˵ʲôҲӦᡣ


942 ƻƪ
ƺһƧ¥֮Уīںؽյ˵žƻ
Ŀ⣬ʱʱͶף˵Ž壬еĵλҪȽ𻢸ߵöˡܹ£Ϊã׾ٵؾܹ֮нһƬơ
ϧŽưѽ⣬Žī뽻ãҪīжӣϼѡ
𰵰˼⣬ڱΪŽףŷǳ뷨
ûйϵֻҪʮһŽͻصȥʱīŽ壬ָ磬Ҳвʱĥ
ǲźۼ΢΢ƣֻҪŽùϵŽص壬ұƾų̨ڲµһʶӣһ֮䣬壬ʱŽеǻ꣬ţֻҪҰպûᣬŽһܹΪã
кһưģףҲû֮ǰĲ֮ɫ
ˡ
һˣ̬ȵʱ˲٣žƱϷҹֵһǼλҲ壬֪Ǻ
һȻЦϷҹֵˣһЦԸϷʱظĵֱ죬ǶǺʥӣУڽɽһڻĹŷҵʥӣڻĹŶټҵʥӣڻĹżҵĵӣÿһˣһж쵱
δ䣬ɵɫһһ˼ڳһ˵ȡ
ûϵŽߵЩһͷڻĹңصĽ
ʱָ߿һ֡
ŽеӰлҪˡ
𰵰һĭЦⰻȻһڽоˮȸ⣬ЦǺǣ׻˵ǿͣǴ˷죬Ϊǲ˼˼²ʡ
˵ţһֱӴǬͳһƿݸϷҹֵˣһЩȪ£ضǽʥ߾磬ŷǳ档
ԣϷҹֵˣɵ
Ϸ˫˸˸Ź⣬ĦȭҪӹƿͣع۲īɫ
ϧīһЦֵ֣Ѿ˵ˣǴ˷ǰֻǵҪ·ΪĵرģԣֿǣͽȪջذɣ
һϾص˵ͷ
ֶ̣̣׶
ǽôǷһ飬պʲôֵҪ׵Ҳþܾ
ī֣Բӡ
һΪСһЩ޹ؽҪȪֵһᡣֻҪٽٽĹϵˡ
ī봹ײٱ
תͷЦſϷ֡ҹˡ
Ϸ֡ҹ˵һܿʹͳһվ𹧹ҾǰǴ˷߶ţѾǳⲻȥˣĸٽǰǰִˣǾֻ뿪ˣ
Ϸֵһ˿ʹȪȫǿīϣϾϷҹһˣ޽顣
Ȼī벻ԸȡǷ飬ϷҹˣȻš
ԣ𲻽һеƿڰУ֮̾ϢһһǬ֮С
ҲգҲա
һƲɣ٣أԺ˵Ц˽յպܿͻԾ
Ǻǣ˵ڳ̨һʶӵˡһ֮䣬壬ԣǻص壬ȻԱϵʱʲôҪҡ
ƹѲ˹ζһЦźۼرԼĿġ
ײһϷ֡ҹˣҲһ̧ͷ
ûϵ𣬾Ȼǻ˳̨ϿɵīǰҪʤһ
Ϸ
ѹǰһ˵ǵ֮̾ͱ÷ǳ飬ԭҪеĻĹҽùϵ
һƣһ۾Ϳ͸ıơ
ҿûϹĻ׾Ϊá𣬳Ǹûĵϸ֮ǰύĻ׳Ϊӡ
׳
Ȼ֮ģϣȴ磬ϵ˵һЩмĻ˾
ˡ
ٿأ뵽ʲôᵽмвٶڹǣ֪ǿ֪һ壿
ԣסϷҹֵˣȫɫ䣬ûϵһ塣
Īǽһ壬ǾϽ
ϾһҲݣĵӣȫһ壡
ֵĲ²⣬ܿͨԺУʱȫʮֵľ
ȵĿ⣬ɫʵ֪ǰһʲôϵ
΢΢һЦ˵ʵҶԽһ岢Ϥֻڹһν
˵ˮ©ͷ


943 ǹལ
ԭˡ
ƤЦⲻЦػӦǰ֪Ȼֻһǳޱߣ粻֪жԣȻһҲڹ֮ϣڵŲû̫ĹϸʵڱǸ
˵ţ˫΢΢ϸ۲ɫ
ɫž޲ͺ޺ۼز⣬˵Ц޴Ӳ²ʵ⡣
ʵϣǳ򵥡ΪīĸԣȲѵ£īǾԲԸű˵ģǷ˵顣Ҫ֪ī뵱ΪűˣŵһϵеĲҾ磬ԼҲĴεԵЩɥ
ΪԵʣҪī棬һ˽ãΪպĺ»ǲ̫׵顣
֮£ͨһʥӽ𻢣ʸĸλʥӡ
ϾΪһʥӣҲ⣬ǽڳһʥӣŲǳĽ飬ô̾ͻὫ𻢸ٻסϷҹ˽յϥ̸źܿͻ߽еľ裬£һˡ
Ҫзչ˵ܹ£һˣǾһĺ£˵ֵܶŷǳıܹΪã绢
ϧΪźǣڽһ壬һ˲ðƺûʲôʧ
ߣҾ죬컯ɾĵشߴ֮һĻĹһҪʤһû뵽³ϣŵ̬ĹҵʥӽãȻڡ
бһŻ𣬡бҪǸһӵʵˣǸоĵ𺳣ôԾĿ࿴
ʱЩȲڴԪܹϿһֵıԡ
ಣಣ
ٿأԪӣƿն˲¥ǰһ̨֮ͤС
Ԫ֣ˡ
ƤһƣʱЦ棬ǺǣѾЩȲˡ˵ţ̧۹ԪѡӣһۣͿ˽𻢣ɵΪ֮һ
Ԫ֣ô𻢸ҹˣ
һĲ죬ȻûϵԪҽ𻢳Ͼ𻢳Ԫ磬ȹ̣ʵҲڡ
Ԫһٻܱһһʮظ֪
𲻽־ϲصһʲôʥ߾Ľ𻢣Ȼսʤʥ쾳ı壿
ΪִϵԪһĭһԲŽܹܱ塣
ʥ쾳ı壬ΪϤ֪ͬĵУڳ͵Ĵڡ
񣬳ʥ߾Ľ𻢣˱壬ζʲôζѰĵӣӵʥľ磬Ҳδܹ𻢿⡣

զޣǵûжԽԲ̨Խѵ⣬Ϊ͵Ž𻢣û뵽СӣеĻҪ
𻢡
Ž֣Цһ£ļλʥҲ壬໥֮䶼˵ԷգҾ۵һ飡
ýˣЩС֣ҾǻɻҲϵã
˭룬𻢾Ȼһҧһ㡣
סϷҹֵˣҲһ٣־ŭŽ𻢣Լ˫
Ҫ֪ڲ֮ǰ׵˾裬ȻһɥȮһ޶û뵽ղĿ࿴Ľ𻢣ȻѾ˳̤ʥ߾磬Ϊһʥ
ңƺΪʦʸ˾һ
𻢾ȻҲھ죿˹ˣңƺΪʦĪǰʦͽ
Ϸ
ѹ֮ǰǰǴһ壬ԭǰãǰĵӣ
ҽҧֻǲ֪ǳէұǰΪӣǰϵǳѪŨˮǽǿǽˡ
סˣһȫ裬һз紵ݶҪ֡
𻢣þòû뵽Ȼܹ踺أǿػţ
һЦŽ𻢼ţǷҵɧζ
δ䣬𻢸һҧ޾Ԫϯ͵سǰҪ֡
ס֣
ŭȳ͵ס˽𻢣񣡻ҵĹ͵Ǹ
ԪɵȻһûϵ׵ޣ
͵һ£ʱ˫ѪѽѣʦЩһﶼҵУҺ޲ýЩСʬΣʦڵӵϣܹСһ򾡡պҽ𻢣ȫȫհΪʦЧ͡
ৣ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ϣסϷҹһˣһɫϾľԱ
īɫž޲ƵؽоˮУǾ첻ӭңҿ뿪ҪŽûôס
īͷϵ˸˸Ź⣬ɭ̹ǣ޾ɱ
Ȼǻǫ́Ͽɵ̳ھڲֻҪҪɱңν׾١Ҹҷģһ㸶ʹĴۣ
īҧƽƽȴ¶һĨʯ̬ȣʮǿӲ
ԭЦĳ棬Ϊ𻢵ĳ֣˲һ


944 ƹ
գһӵ㣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫϣȴ𷢻
ȵĿ⣬Եб˴㣬īһЦ˰֣ī˵ʲôҵȵģ㼰ʱ֣촦ľ֮ģأ
˵ţ׶ص˽һۡ
Բ΢΢һ㶣֮ϵʱ¶һĨɬ֮
ûϵīȻľˡһҪһһ򾡣ǲ̫ˡ
һ׵֮ǰԽ𻢵ĥǺ޵һ
һûи𻢱ѩ޵˼һ˲ɵ΢΢һīǿȭأ֣ĺˣ͸ǡ
˵ţ׵ʹ˸ɫסϷҹ˷׷վ
һīҪߣæǰī֣ιҪ뿪ǲҪ·ǰ̨ôѵΪ𻢵ĻǸеˣ
οǽͽīָе죬̾ͽţīֳһڶΪһյĵӣƻī֮壬ʵǲֵã
īƤһ̧һȵԴǿеЦգִ뿪˻֣кһ
ԭǸյĵӣ岻Ļһǿˡ
ҹأ¡
ӣ𻢳Ϊǰĵ֮󣬵õ˲СĻԵ̶̵ʱڣѾ˳Ԫ磬Ϊһʥ
ŽڵİƣЩĽʺޡ
ֵܣһ۷׷ס
֣ǸˣҹȻûп㣡
īΪضһƣⱭҾ㣡ҲΪҸղ˵ĻǸðֲҪȥ˵ţС
Ϊذ˰֡
ʦ𡭡
һڵأâ촽ϵţȻΪġ
žƱֲ΢΢һ٣أĮ𻢣С֮ĶԹΪĲ롣ǱУһ
˵ţָһףŽ壬ֻа벽Ԫ磬ֻҪܹǵԳһڶһͣ
ĿһԿɵףҲɵΪ֮һ
Žս
һ׵ؼ𻢾Ͳɵôһ׵ǹƥɱħʥߵľ󣬻Ŀ
񣬽ȻҳΪʥߣǣҪףûʲôա
ʵϣѾΪ˽𻢵һħһᵽף𻢾鲻Խؾ壬εûһ˿һս⡣
ңҡ
𻢵ʱŤֹ˵¡
Ԫȫһ̼Ž𻢣Щͷ
Ԫ𻢼Ȼܹʥı壬ô԰벽ԪףӦֵŶԡ
ܹý𻢳һڶ𻢵⣬ҲܹһЩڱһͿء
˭룬𻢾ȻŤ󲻶ƺǳΪѵӣ
ѵڽ𻢿벽Ԫףʥı廹Ҫ£
Ԫɵ
𻢣û뵽Ѿ˳ͻƣΪʥ
Ԫȵĵڣ׵ʱЦգһȵشȭͷֱ죬ɣǺɱһѾЩȲҪʥ߾ʵˡǧʧŶ
ζһЦ˵ʮ٬ƺûн𻢸ѾȲҪȭһ١
ϢһϣڵصȻûжơ
𻢣ȻǴ˵еŽ壬ֻа벽Ԫ磬ֵһᡣ˵˱壬ػܴӣӦòѴ֮
ҲЩȥˣߴš
ѻܿܿǱһһԽ㾫µƫһԣڽŤģΪм
ڰѻܿܿȻУôһʹɱ֣ԥңھΪϣ߳һ磬͸ûɾܾˡ
ңҡ
źףԽ嵨ӣε֮УȫȻûһ˿ս⣬˻Ŀ⣬ɫ࣬ҧ³һڹֳʦ¸ոʦֽ̨ԣԪ̫󣬿޷ԣʦ
䣬֡Ϸҹ˵ʱһЦ
ǿ쿴һ˵ҪֱԣҪƵˣ
ЦǿһϷ硣
ȻΪʥǰֵһᡣӦҲܹ뵽Ҹѡ
ϷһĵŽ𻢡
䲻ɳܣ²ſɳܣȻٶĻԵˣٸߵѪ츳ֻҪһ£ɥȮһ޶˳Ц
ЦǿһɥȮһŽ𻢡


945 ¾ն
Ԫɫ৵һ±òҰֽʮѿ
ǷܹսԪһɨܹжϡ˵Ȼ֮ǰɱһЩԪȫԼս
ʵϣ𻢵ԪģԶûеô󣬸ûе޷սĳ̶ȡ
ô˵֮Ծܾսֻһֿˡӣ
ΪӣԲɱ
ԪΪĳϣµӾȻΪӲսֱܴ衣
ң𻢵ľΪҪ֮ϣ׸һ磡
𻢣㡭
ϢһϣܵҪֵīǰ࣬ԣֻǷ߷߲ѵصһ۽𻢣ҹ
ɫ࣬ԪʧУæվȷɱȥ
𻢾ȻӦսֻ֣һ벽ԪСӰˣʲôµģ
ĶӵĽ𻢣Ӳһüͷ
ѻܿܿЦ΢ҡһ˿֮ͬɫƺΪ״ӣһǳ޴顣
Ľ𻢣ȻڸĨڣ涪ǴҽһöҪӣʹɱ֣ɱˡ
ҧгݣԪ
Ԫʹͷҿ
ô˵ҲԪѡ֣ԭΪܹʥ쾳ı壬ԸӦ׾ٵ顣
ûϵǰȻֵûУȫһɥȮֺ̬ɸֵĸо
ô
һӣԻص˾ǰɺһھƣζЦǺǣҿСӵÿ죬ĻһױΪһˡ
ϲֲսʤ
֣̫ˣֵܾһƣ
Ϸҹֵˣ׷׾Ʊ׾ơ
߲ܣȵʮʹ졣
һҫģֱðִʵĿɬ΢΢̧ͷѻܿܿ£ϣֻܹѻܿܿˡ
ӣûʲô⣬ѻܿܿʱһѣȻûϵԪܹѻܿܿ
ܵ𾪲Ŀ⣬Ԫ͵֣ҴӦѻܿܿȪΪʹͣ˳ؽġ㿴Ƿ׵
úã
ԪŵΪȫûһ˿һ֣෴ڳޡ
û취űŽѹ̫ˣ˵ȪֻҪܹ׵磬ʮȪҲԥó
񣬰ѻܿܿĵ˵Ǹһǿ롣
ʥ۷徳İѻܿܿʵˣ׾پܹŽ壬⼸ǰ϶顣
ǰ罫λʥ۷徳Ůϳա
ЦеŰѻܿܿڲԶÿһۡƺʥ쾳ӣܹ׵㹻ӡ
ʱϢһϣŭⷭӿɫϡ
ܵȵĿ⣬ѻܿܿûطһۣһǰһ೤ϣˡֱԣҴ˷ǰҪʥʿнд裬ٲãҲǸʥ۷徳Ķ֡Щûһܹ۵ģԣСŮиˣ
δ䣬ѻܿܿҪݲȥ

̣𻢻ҲͰˣѻܿܿҪӣǽıԸûбҪˣƣѾҵϡá
ѻ֪ܿܿĸǣӣ̾ͷϳΪţ

ѻܿܿɵΪ֮һ½һ٣鲻ԸػصǰأһģʹͷһҲһۡ
ϣԸŽһսΪʣ
ʱһֱԾԾԵֱӿڣӧ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽ӵϣܵһ˵Ŀ⣬һЦлӶһһưģ
ãǾĵӣ
кãӣôŽһסŽ徳£Ī̫أ˼
л̧Լһĵλ
ӦŵŲһ˾ͺһƬҶһ㣬һĸоƮƮط¥£ʯ
ãҾһµĸУϣҪʧ
һЦһѽƱеȾƷϣͺȵƫúȾƣûûζյƺȵʮֳ졣ǣҵľ˭Ҳһٺȣ
Ϸҹֵ˲ɵһЦ
׻ٺȣ
Ǳ̨˵׻ʥ쾳ӣҪãƶ
ֹع¾ն۵ĺ


946 
׵ĻԪֱ£޲ǰȥױһ
ò˵ԪУΪΪŵһһˡϧǣȻޱȵţޱȵĿǣȴҲſʱ
ǺǣҵҪ˵еŽ壬жôֲʵ
𲻶ɫؿ¥¡
һԾͥԺ֮Уǹͦ˫ֱӣ޾ɫ
ţ
ٿأԪһУǬͳһöö졢ˣͥԺ֮вóһС͵Ľơ
Сȴʮּ̣ԲܹƵġ
󹦸ɣԪΪ֣ĩˣһӣԻص¥ϾǰͥԺһƣǵս̫ڼң¥ˡ
һЦ
춯ְգƿˡ
īЦŴߴ١
ɱ
ʱӣһڵİԪӿ糱Ԩ纣һ㳯ӿƺҪһ˲ͽ׸ɡ
ͬʱһɰʥɽѹ׵ͷƺҪ׸ѹ
׺ãѪڣһɹɽɫѪӿ˲γһƬȫֵӵĹ˳
Ž壬Ѫ繯
Ҫ׻Ž壬ɲô׵顣
ǺǣֻһԪ綼ṳ̂СҵĶ֣
һƣȫ߶ɽʥԨ纣Ԫ
顭
һ̣һɽѵı˿޾ԪɫѪײһҡػΣըƶ죬ƺһͿҪ֧Ųסˡ
˾ǣӲӲĶԾУ벽Ԫףʥ쾳ӣȻȫ·磡
ʲôӾȻҵԪ˳Уʾ
ԼͥףӲɵþ˵벽ԪףӵķۣԭΪֻҪƾʥѹȣԼӿ񱩵Ԫƣһ
Ͼֻа벽Ԫ磬һԿʥԪǿҲȫһεĴڡ
˭룬׾ȻͷųȫѪڳһ˵ȣʶʲôѪ繯
Сӣǵ͹ˣ
ЦһӺԱˣ͵س׷˶ȥеķ͵һӣԳײƶȥ
ţ
ֻоٲϯ෴Ӧȫ¾ͺưһ㣬廨
һ׵ֽžͱƺȻ־ܡ
ɹˣ
һ֣ɵЦٿеķвСӣҵǴʥıǲ뱻͸ϿͶգ
˵ţϵİ˿ҲƵս׵ʱоȫΪ֮һอѹƺҪ
Ǻǣ̶ֳȾ־ܣ
һЦѪڣ͵ſŭХ
𡭡
ʱȫһһըװĻХ̼䴫Զ޳ŵɫҰףЩһѪ˳еķҲΪ֮һ١
ǧһ֮ʣױȳȫ͵ֻһӶ׵˫֮ϣȻһħƽצ
ԭİ˿Ѿѣħƽצ׳ϡ
ⲻܡ
˳ףǿһһ㣬ҲƵؾҵķ˴ʥʥ߼ʿһֻ־ܣķݡһ벽ԪСӣȻҵķ
һ˿ջأȻ׳һЩ˿
ǺǣĪΪŴʥ
һƣζЦǳǸҵҲһԴʥңҴӰħնսƷ
׻Ӷһеħƽצ
Ӳɵõһ׵񣬶һ˿֮ɫ
ûϵ׵оȻҲһʥңӲͬǣ׵ĴʥŸ߲ʹƷƾԼ˫֣ԼնսƷ
еĲ𣬿ɾʹˡ
ӣס֣
ٿأ¥ϵ߳ȵд裬ͲҪ÷ˣһһʧ֣ɾɴˣ
һ㶣æӦŵһУʥķڡ
ǰǼթƻ֮ǰӽ廨ʱҲûֹӣͳħƽצÿӵķֹ
һ޵
ڳļֵܶʱ۷׷ףһԹѡ


947 Ҷɵ
ţ׼÷ô
̧ͷһ𣬲һƣҲһУħƽצڡ
ȻûҪ׽ڣײҪռˡ
ɱ
һ׽ħƽצڣӵʱ޿֣һͷųһԳ
ȥʮһÿһʮִ׳̺һרİʥױܹ𵴣ըѡ
ʱ˿̣ʮһ䣬ԲѰʥܹĴڡ
Ԫ綼ûеʥˡ
ʱ¥֮ϵϷҹֵˣȫһΪ״򱧲ƽߣ̫ƽˡǲ÷ô޷ֵӵʥӣȴԲٿŷйȫͲһƽĶԾ
ûִ߶ħƽצƾŴʥ̺ʥ޾ӡڳֿȭ״̬£ֵʵҪۿۡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣܻرԹ
ԪɫΣΪ龳ĳϣֲÿСۣԣֻһǱģ
ն
ǧһ֮ʣ״߶ѪԪɿػӶֵʩչһɫĻ浶â
ϣϣϣϣϣ
ʱӵʮһһԡڻеĽɫâײһ𣬷ıҡػΡ
ۡϢһϣſһѪ
ؼ֣նôֿȭʩչѾ˿ֲǲͬ졣
ͬʱ¥֮һֱ޾ɵİѻܿܿٿ˫һһϲףƺڡնⲿؼǳȤ
Ȼ˵Ҳɽ񣬵Ҫ˵УԶԶŹŵþԶ
ԣӾŹŵһЩؼڱŵУԵ÷ǳڡ
ˡ
ٿأٶʩչطХͬʱһӣ֮յرܹӵķ
ͣͣͣͣͣ
սһս
áХȡʱ䣬ӱܷĲ⣬ƾšնȫ⡣
һʱ˭Ҳκβ˭ƽɫĸо
սˣҲɺ
ʱˣӣӣⳡԣζҪӮסƴҲҪһŽ壬¹棬󣡡
³֮һ㣡
Ϊһʤϧŵ
սеӣʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬֮¶һĨ֮ɫСӣȥգ
¡¡
һ̣ĿһĻˡӵʮһȻױ˿ΪĲƬ
ֲ񳱣˷ϯ˲佫ڲȫɣԪȲһƣ̼Ҫ䣬ռ
ʲôӾȻԱһĪͬھô
͵صһ
֣һҪ
Ϸ͵߬ȭͷ
˭ûϵǣӾȻһѺõд֮УϧԱϾֻһд裬ĹͷûбҪʩչϵһǧ˰ٵĽС
ǰδҲ̫ˣ
ŭӿͿʼʦ
ԪһЦż˰֣԰꣬Ž岢޴󰭣
˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢͶ֮С
̳ɢ䣬ȥ˵ף˿٣նȫѪ죬ƤⷭתǱ
׵һ˫ӣȴǳҰްƺһս׼ĵ׵ɱ֮⡣
쿴û£
Ѫ繯Ҫɱ˵еŽ壬ɲô׵飡
ûֻѹ׵ľûʩչأھֳ£δҲ̫żˣ
Ϸҹֵˣһ۷׷ס
ѻܿܿü΢׵У¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʱ촽飬һ˼ףСӣȻܹ˿񱩵˳дұ⡣
ܹ֮ͬʿгͣþʮһ
ӵ֮ϣʱ¶һĨɫ
һ̣챬ѵƬಣ׷׻۳Σ۳һ
һʮ۳Σ뱬֮ǰһģһ
Ψһû۳ΣǻûһƬƬ̵ָҶɵԳȥݡʱҶɵƻȳ֣޴ɶ㡣
ÿһƬҶɵ֮У̺һרʥ׾ܹɱʥߣأ
ǵصҶɵٲȻ޿ӣ


948 
ৡ
ʱϷҹֵ˵Ŀ⣬ȫΪ֮һһ˼ӡ
ڣ龳ī룬ҲĿࡣ
ӾȻܹѷش֣ԼһԪ֮⣬ˣһޣ
ŵҡԴҾģ
˵Ԫʥ˵ΪɱУԱҪ֪ÿһʥ߶ܹӵзġ
һ£ӵרʥߣͬʿе̳
ּʥߣһѡԱôȫԱڣǿķ֮ǿԱҪֲ
ԱٲȻһǼֲɱУͬʥ˵ǳ
ÿһʥߣ֮ʣĻǶȻѡԱһǧ˰ٵĽеġ
ΪһԱôҪһͬķʵҪķ̫̫ʱ뾫ˡ
˭룬ӾȻ׾ٵԱԼķңܹ֮޸ΨһģһԪ
һʲôĸ
˵ӵƾһɱУܹɨͬʥߣ
ϾԪָʮѸ٣һѣ룬ǵʵȻңҪָķѼʱѪ
ɴеɳ漼ͷţĴۻʮ٣Ƿǳ顣
ʵ̫ˡ
ҹһѰʥߵרһͻ᳹١ҪһרҪķѼĹѪûϵӾȻܹں֮䣬޸˷
֮治С
ȻΪʥ߾ļһ˫۾ɵúһ㣬ԭҿӵʵô͡˭룬Ȼܹɴеɳ漼ܣǾף
ûʩչ֮ǰӵʵЩмһˣڣʥ߾ļҲҪһϸµľġ
ǣһܹɴеɳ漼ͷţʱҽҲûһ˿һս⡣
úߴ֮һľ죬ӵ츳ڵĵӡܹ֮ʥ쾳ĵжһģȻǷ֮
Сƾķʥ۷徳ʿδ֡
īҲΪ̾
˵ӵ츳龳ʿҲī붼ǵһμ
һ̣еˣȫΪһѺ
ţ
ϯҶɵ˫͵һҲ͵رһһΨڵѪҲƵӿ
ƺҪƾѪϯҶɵһ¡
Ǻǣʤѷ֡
΢ƣ˫ֱأƺȻ춨ʤ֣֮һĨɫ
Ȼӿ׵ƾѪǾ޷ֵҶɵġ
ЩҶɵÿһƬڷ̺żΪֲʥ׾پܹ˺ѿռ䣬ءȻǴ˵еŽ壬ǣҪƾѪ俹⣬ֱǳ˵Ρ
顭
һ䣬Ҷɵʹ͸Ԩ纣ĽɫѪԳƺҪһ˲佫׸һɸӡ
ī֣
¥֮ϣ͵ŽգĻӼ˼Žһ֣Ž嶨ȻشһصʱԻָ
бľ⣬īƽȵضһҾƣҡͷһЦϷŸոտʼ
ԣɵϢһϡ
ˣȻܵıԵĪǻܹŤתǬ
δҲ̫˼ˡ
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡ
ˡ
ֻһʯıƺӴبŴﶯ׵͵⣬ͬʱ׵忪ʼ˹ɱ䡣
һƬƬϽɫۣǣϵش׵Ƥ֮˳ȫÿһƤȫǵʵʵ磬ʮָ֮ϵļָױһ絶âĽһʱ䣬˵˶˿ͺһͷιΨһ˫˫ͫ¶⣬Ƥ⼡ȫһϽɫۼ׸ˡ
һĻȻһ졣
ʲôһȻܵıԵˣ
ӺݺݵһĭһĲ˼飬Ϊ˵еŽ壬Ȼѹ׵ľûʩչ


949 
ͬʱ¥֮ϵԪ׷׵һſڽɱɹף˵
Ȼһεı޻ñ̬űʵ
гɵޣԻûǧ˰̬ǱóΣǻָΣʵ̫Ĳ
ǣףɱ֮ƱǣɱȻ˻㱼оһͷϹޣ͵ëεѡ
һжپûʩչ
Ԫ촽Ƭ̣ɫһƬ
ȻӸλʶ㣬񿴵ӵŽףȻΪ𺳡
˵Ԫûһ벽Ԫʥӣܹӵ˿ֲս
ԭվԵİѻܿܿӵսһֱȱȱżƳһۣҲ᲻̫ȤǼɵ𣬿֮ˣһױޣʱʧɫһգһգģ°Ȼ
Ԫһ㵵ɫͬǣ֮ϵϷҹֵˣȴһĵȻݣӶЦ
ٺ٣óѹ׵ľˣ˷ܵػһȭͷ
ɱ
ٿأɱ޵ףݵһûһϽɫĵâ͵سӵķ˶ȥӭҶɵ޾η
顭
ʱһʯıУ˻սģ񱩵˳ǷҲƵس˷ȿ
ʯ֮䣬ֻ׻ӶצӲؽһƬƬҶɵ󱬡
̺ſֲʥҶɵѰʥ˵Դ֫ٺҪըƬ˭룬Ȼ׵צ֮Уһ׾ٵؾƬ
ÿһƬҶɵƽһըףһǳΪ֮ѣֲƣ˸εѣϡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϣһǿŹһ㶢ס
Ϊʮа˾ŻᱻըƬʱĿһĻˡȫϽۣȻؿס˱ѵ񳱣쳣ȥϽ޾˳ϯ֮£˹â֮⣬ûκε𣬱ѡ
ಣಣಣ
˵ʱʱ죬׽̤ӡ˶ʮö̺ſֲʥҶɵ͵س嵽ӵǰ
ȣ
ֻһȣ͵س֣絶צѸף͵ץסӵͷ­
ó޵ףν˶ǰԵʮСһצ׾پͽӵԴ֮УһɾҵѹȸУϯŵҽɫ৵һ԰ֽ
Ҫ
Ϊȵľţ֯һĻȫΣ͵һһǳһͷ­

ͬʱ¥֮ϣ˶տˮ׷
ģҿʲôһۼףȻܹӲӵҶɵ
զп겻ѣܹΪþͺˣƾһöӣҾܹ岻ð
ֲ̫ˣӱó֮ս֮ǿ󣡾Ȼʥ쾳Ӷ
Ԫ¶գЩ޿κΣһЩ߰ʥߣδ֣һۼףʮ󣡡
һ
ѻܿܿһ˫΢΢һ˸䣬ˣҲ΢΢Ȼ˿̵İѻܿܿʮֵļ֮սⰻȻ
˵ܹðѻܿܿսʿǳ٣츳֮ҾΪҪڰѻ֮ܿܿϡ
ûһˣܹڰ벽Ԫ磬ѻܿܿĶ־ðѻܿܿеҪһս
ò˵Ǹ۲۵
ӣ
֮У׺˿٣צ֮ӵͷ­һƣȻһЦ
֮ʣ׶һ٣ûʹɱ֣ӱҶʱΪ֮һɣԭΪó޵ףȻʧȥǣȫȻô¡׵Ļʱ¶ص³һȻŽ壬һսķڷ
ϣǻнֵĻᡣ
ʱһսʤ㣡һѩǰܣ
ҧȫͣ
ǸӣһǿĶ֣գеҪ֤Լδ֮ǰӶڰ벽Ԫףȫǲмһ˵̬ȡ
ЦצɿοζӵļЦ˵úãֲľ񣡲ҳԪɹ֮ʤ͸ãˡ
ǲ̫󣬿ɲ׼ҵĶ־
ҡͷԣһ˵
Ӳɵɫһһʱĸо
ȷ
ףֻа벽Ԫ磬δʥڣ綼ӵУ־Ե£ܹսʤʥ쾳ӡǵȵ̤ʥ߾磬Žľ츳һʥôǰҲûƿԡ
ʱ򣬱Դһʼ̻һߵѹ
һˣӲɵһ˵ǰܸӿͷҪͷʹ޵ĳ嶯
˵Ҳ֮ӣþڲǳͲɶõĵӡ˭룬ױȻ˵ò
׻˵ˣ졣
иܣ˱ˡ


950 Ů
֣ˡ
ī뵭һЦžƱ𾴾ơ
Ȼֻ赭дһ仰ĶУȴâ޴棬ѵ
ûϵʥ쾳ӣҲܸסҪһطȥ
ī֣
ҡͷЦƹȴоζջ֮ǰĻò˵ŽҼΪʥӣǾ࣬պسɴҪǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣûʲôġ
һŵ̬īʱϲЦտԵʮãϣҪչˣֹˡȻ˵ŽʵĿǰ״ҪڵھŲ̨һʶӣһءҲҪʥ߾磬Ϊһ֮󣬲аա
ԣ΢΢ͷ
ԵԪԴ֮󣬾һֱ޿κε̾Ҿ֮󣬾Դ¥֮һԾ£һӣһ췭ɶǬ֮Уզ̾û뵽СһսȻĥôľˣ
ԪЦŽһЩĥľ˶˳ֳ˽硣
һױ̤ӡص¥֮ϣʱܵϷҹֵһֵܵĻȲʣһʱ˷಻
ޱȵױܵӣվ¥£ԵùµӰֻĬĬ̧ͷһ¥ɫϾԥƬ̣վûص¥ϣҧҧȻͨһ֮УлûܶʤĨڣ𷣣
˵ţظأһģ
ʱ˿̣ӺδսӵĽ𻢣٣ǽսҲܹ׵ʵһжϣ䣬ҲܹһЩ
ɡ
ҡͷЦɤ壬ӣһܣʲôֻҪܹⳡмȡѵ̿㹻ˡϣһοʱܹҹĿ࿴һε𷣣ȼˡ
˵ţͷسӻ˻䡣
Ӳɵ˫һǧлع񣬴Ҵȥ
Ϊִϣһӵо޴Ƶ״ܣȴûеõ𷣣Щ֮ϲæؽĨ֮ͣ󼪡ӵˣı⡣
ī֡
΢һīеľƱЦȻŽ廹ҪԪ磬ӵ㹻İջǫ́ϿɣôھСסգȵŽ˳Ϊʥ֮ٶǰ̨١
ۼʶ׵Ŀֲ֮еҪ£׵Ĺϵ
ԣīҡҡͷЦݿɬ֣ĺˡҲ֪ҵݷǳΣǳڴˣ©ʱ򣬸Ҫ鷳ͲˡԣǻǾǰ뿪
һ΢˼Ƭ̣ûټȰ
Ž壬ɷһս
ʱѻܿܿǰǳ⡣
ৡ
ڽյһˣʱתͷѻܿܿһĿ˸˸ɫӡ
ŮһЩ֮ˣνǣòɣȻҼŮòѷɫʣȴǲԶˡ
˫¶⣬εڰѻܿܿĽлһ
Ůӵʥ۷徳ΪӻҪöࡣ
üͷޣΪһسӣһ涼ҪˡȻɳ֮ߵĵֶս
û
ϷҡͷԣҲԵ÷ǳߣովһսδָ̾Ҫһʥ۷徳ĸ֣ʵ̫۸ˡ
׵һȺֵܣȫЩС
һŰѻܿܿȻûϵѻܿܿһ벽Ԫļһս飡
˵ѻܿܿϣҪһسӣǶȻŵġ
ôԭֻһ׼˰ѻܿܿս⣡
һϵеı֮Ȼ׵ʵĿ࿴ʮͣѾٺƤǲѻܿܿˡ
ϾԵ棬۰ѻܿܿӮ䣬Ѿ޷ˡ
෴ǰѻܿܿžߣͱˣ
ܿܿյıԵΪֹǴӦʹ͸Ȫ֮󣬾ͻʥ磬Ҳȥ̨ʵһҪ֪ʮֿõѡ֡
һ֮ͳһƿݸѻܿܿҪѻܿܿս⡣
˭룬ѻܿܿƿеȪȻᣬǰһƵŽ壬Ǹ뱾ԣҴӦ㣬һὫԼľ޶ڰ벽Ԫ磬ֻƾʮ֮һԪԣе񣿡


951 ˺
˾΢΢һ
ûϵѻܿܿȻִŵҪһ£ڲϧľΪ޶ڰ벽Ԫ磬ҲҪһս
˵İѻܿܿײɵһơ
˵׻δ¹˭һŮƣȻûӱܵĿܡ
ȻҪһ£ұ㵽ס
׵һЦҲΪȫսĻˣޱӡ
׿ɲΪѻܹܿܿսʤԼ
ԣҪѻܿܿΪ
˵׵ʵٲȻѾĿãʥ쾳ӣѻܿܿľΪ޶ڰ벽Ԫ磬ôԽ塣һѻܿܿͻ᳹ܡ
ŮĪشԵĵ䷶ѾʶֵʵˣȻҪһ£ĪǣΪԼڰ벽Ԫ״̬£ֻܹҪ
һŹֵŰѻܿܿ
ϷҹˣҲ΢΢üЩ
ߣҴҾ͵Ķɱһ⣬սҸҪȫΪֻһԹƽĻɡ
ѻܿܿͷشߴٵ㾿ҲӦս
ˬһЦҲٷϻã
£һȵش¥֮һԾ£ͥԺ֮С
ѻܿܿ絶ĲϣʱһĨȻЦ⣬һƮƮش¥֮ϷӶ¡
ǰһĻԪɵ
֣㿴Ǻã
ԪҲΪһʤ˼棬ϵǲ߾ĵѹס
ϾµѻܿܿӮˣҲض档
ѻܿܿȻִҪһս˳ա˵ƣһͿˡѻܿܿ䣬Ҳûʲô󰭣ƹˤ෴һӮˣôٻһ
ڰѻܿܿĸƢԷǳ˽⣬Ȼ޳ɰѻܿܿףˣҲûжֱӽԪԺ֮С
Ԫ΢΢ͷʱ£ʼʩشͳһ˸죬һѱľˣʼý硣
ԼĪһյĹһոµĽ㲼ɡԪ󹦸ɵ֣˫˸˸ŹضŰѻܿܿʵܿܿϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ѻܿܿȻһЦ֮ɫ
Ԫ˵ͷһԾص¥֮ϡ
ˡ
ͬʱ͵شһХ˵ȫ£ȫϽɫ۸ûһͷ޵׶ģ
ȻѾ̯ƣҲûбҪ׾һǿ̬԰ѻܿܿ
ʢѪѻܿܿ޾ɫ΢΢˫ȻһЦŽ壬˵þѹ㣬ֻʮ֮һԪ㿹⣬;Բʳԡ
ǣҰѻܿܿû¹˭
˵ţѻܿܿ֮У͵رһҫ۵İâɫƺΪ֮֡ڰѻܿܿü룬𽥸ֳһź룬ɢİ׹⣬һС̫˲ֱӡ
ʲôҪɱ
һ
û޵ףʥ쾳ӶˣѻܿܿȻ׿⣬ֱѰ·
צ
ͺһ͵ػӶצŰѻܿܿץȥ
޾ѪҲƵش׵ϯ۳һɽӴצԳŰѻܿܿĽץȥ
˵һץ˸ʵôѻܿܿĽ̾ͻķѣһغ
С
ӴצѻܿܿĮһЦŲһתһӰӡ׾ٵض˹ơ
ţͬһ㣬İâߣȥǰѻܿܿĹӰ˷ֱ治
ͬʱԲǧƺ֮УеĹȫӿ糱سŰѻܿܿĽ۶ǰ̵ӿü֮еһź֮С
һԲǧĿռѸҹĻ١İѻ̫ܿܿŮ٣ԡʥ֮УһʥࡢͳȨĸо
Ӱô
ͦǹ˫΢΢𣬡ϧҵѰ֮£ãװתѰۣ׵ǧٸӰ˰ѻܿܿ
ಣ
ٿأѻܿܿϢس׵Ĳ˶һԷȭЯŴĿĹԪأ͵س׺Ҷ
Ȼ˵ȭδ̺һ˿һʥѹһɼֲĹԪأһУ׶Ȼܡ
ֻһʯ
飡飡
ֻ죬ʯ֮䣬ٿضˣȥѻܿܿȭͷֱӱ׸ץ˸ţʵʵ֮Уƾѻܿܿأѡ


952 ЫŮ
񱩵Ԫ׵֮кȻըֲܣ׾پܹըһɽ壬Ȼû״̬µףȴˣʯ
ǺǣûӰԻңЩ쿪ˡ
һƣ˫͵ط
ʱһ͵ӿѻܿܿķȭ֮УֻһıѻֹܿܿӦ飬һ˫֣Ҳرһ̲ࡣ
¥֮ϣ׵һֵܣӶЦȻǸоһսѻܿܿ϶䶨ˡ
˭룬ֹǵİѻܿܿȻԶû֮ϣǵûһ˿һʹ֮ɫǻ΢΢ƣһĨʮζЦ
ϧûץסص㣬ҵȦס
ڰѻܿܿĹЦУüĺ룬͵һָϸĹԳ
Ϊ˾̫ȻʶҲѡǧһ֮ʣֻüܿҪ֣ʵţȴǱһС
͡
ֻһ̶ָϸĹȻֱӶϽۣ׵ǰᴩ
ء
ײҺһһΣԵ˳ȥ
֮ϣһĨŵɫ
ʲôҵϽۣȻǰᴩˣ
һһľ֡
˵Դ˳Ͻ֮󣬻δƷ
ڰѻܿܿĹ֮£Ͻ۱ǰᴩ׵һش

ͬʱ¥֮ϣ׵һֵܣը˹һ۷׷
ģûпգѻܿܿȻһֵϽۣ
ҹǿŹһŰѻܿܿ
죬ѹְѻܿܿҽƾһ£ԭо֣
΢΢ü
ҿֱܹҪǱһͷ­̾Ҫһغ
Ϸųһ亹
ͬʱԪһЦ˵˫֮һĨ֮ϲ
ǺǣѻܿܿսǳḻһһУԭŽΪʶ˻ӰܹռϷ磬˭룬һͶ
ԪϲЦա
ѻܿܿŽһˣûʧÿһμ棬ҹĿ࿴ƵƵͷ
˶԰ѻܿܿ޲ڵʱ򣬰ѻܿܿȴЩ
ģȻһ١Ϸںͷ
ѻܿܿһ֣δֱӻףԵЩջ𣬵һӣöҹ֮зӶɢڵ֮ϡ
˵ѻܿܿŵһУûг׵ͷ­ȥҪһ׵Ĳӡ
Ȼ˵вӣ˼ǣʤȴѾ
Ͼѻܹܿܿһ׵ĲӣôȻҲܹ׵ͷ­֮ûʹɱ֣ǲ˼׵ˡ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣȻ̤ӡ׸ܿҪ

ֻһͺȣһεӰѻܿܿü֮ϯͬʱöҹڲĹԪأҲƵӿŰѻܿܿüĵĺۿ
ʱ䣬öҹѻܿܿüĺ룬ɹâͬС̫һ㡣
һЫŮˣ
ţҧӵٿѻܿܿ񣬶һ˿֮ɫ
ͺһڵһ˿ԪϯֱӽϵһѪ޲ɡֻǱһ׶Ͻۣ޷ʱ޲
Ҳ޷󰭡
ǺǣŮҵսʽѾΪ˽⡣ѾɳҵһЩ㣬һץסߣҪһ
˼ӿȫչԪصİѻܿܿ΢΢˫
ȻӵϽ۵ףʯѻܿܿҪƷǳѣΨлһ㣬ȫ׵Ҫлһ
ӳѻܿܿĺȻɱˣܹ׶׵Ͻۣǣ˲ܣͷż֮ǰҪմĹԪػ
һοԲٳԵڶΡ
ƲƲ죬ڰѻܿܿüĺ룬һ˿רע
˵ѻܿܿвĹֶΣüĺ룬ǣ͵ϮһγɹߣҪӶسɹڳ˵Ρ
ұ
ֻһͺȣһɿ񱩵ľʱϯ
顭
ʱ鲼ڵ֮ϵҹ飬Ӧ飬ƱĲһһأΪķĩ
ʱѻܿܿüĺ룬ֹչԪء
ڿ˵ҪⲫԭֻһӣҪƭǰù͵Ϯϧĺ˵Ϊֹˣ
һЦ
ಣ
һ̣׽̤ӡƶһ㣬ԳŰѻܿܿ˶ȥ
ͬʱһƽըװĺХ˷


953 ￴
ʩչطХʱһ绢Хɽ֣ĺХ׹ġ
ѻܿܿ͵һ˵ƺҪŵѿǡ
ǧһ֮ʣ絶צ͵ץ˰ѻܿܿĽ
ֻһһצ׾ٵؾ˺˰ѻܿܿĽһʱƤⷭת׹ɭɭѻܿܿĽҲɶһƮڵء
΢΢ǣȻѻܿܿţ׸һצ˺ѡǣûһѪʳ
ţ
üͷһĪⲢǱŵڵصİѻܿܿײɵʹҡҡͷܣҵѰ֮£ûлܹҡ
ܵе֮ɫѻܿܿĮһЦ˵شӵվĮһЦŽ壬˵Ҫһ£ǣӲӲʽһս
˵ţһʥתѻܿܿ˿˲޸˿ƽ̹⻬˿һ㡣
ײɵһ
޸ٶȣ˵Ѫ繯ףҪʤһ
ԪƵľֶΣѰƣ޷ˣ
üͷһ壬ºɣ̤ӡѪڣһֻ˿ţһ㣬Űѻܿܿըȥ
ˡ
ͬʱطХʼʩٶʩչ
ϧѻܿܿʥ۷徳ʿȻľΪڰ벽Ԫ磬ǣѻܿܿԣͳ̶ȣȴøı䡣
ԣ׵طХڰѻܿܿЧǳޡǧ֮һɲǵʱ䣬ѻܿܿͣ󣬱ָ̻ж
ȭ
ԿըףѻܿܿƴػӶ˫ȭʱһȭӰֻӰһ״̬µף֮С
顭
һɽѵıڹȭ׸в״̬µףӹȭԱһ˰ѻܿܿ
¥֮ϣ˵ȫΪ֮һ
ɱЫŮˣ
Ϸ˷ܵսȭͷ
ҹ֡ˣҲ˫˸˸Ź⡣
£ѻܿܿľȻƳҪŤתƣǧѡ
ͣͣͣͣ
ܿ죬ױЯһѪѻܿܿĽǰһצ裬ͽѻܿܿ˫֣˫Ÿ˺˿
ȣ
ױһһצѻܿܿ׸֮С
ʱһ̣ټͥԺ֮Уֻõ״صĴϢ˾˫˵˵
ৡ
׾ٵ˺˰ѻܿܿ֫ҽͷ­סϷҹһˣһȸԾһ߸ߡ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵ѻܿܿҪڰ벽Ԫ״̬£֣ǳ˵Σ
ָƶЦ
̫ţˣսһھӢӣȻֲܣ
Ϸһݵס
ӣҲ컯ɾеʶʥǶôĳɫ
ҹһơ
֣ˡ
īЦžƱʾ
˭룬ŶȣһЦī֣ʤδ֣˻˵ЩΪʱ磡
ԣī벻ɵΪ֮һ
ѻܿܿף׸סˣֻԷܹ󱬣ȻӮ
ܵīе֮ɫҲֻͣǽĿͶͥԺС
ͬʱͥԺеףеףЦСѾͷ䣿
ѾӮˡ
˭룬ѻܿܿǵ䣬һڻΪϬ
ʲôӮˣ
΢΢üѾҵ°ܽôӮ
һףѻܿܿһЦֻһƿ͵͵һѻܿܿüеĺ룬ٶһâһâ֮ǰֻͬз˿ϸҲҪʤһ
࣡
һ𣬶ӴϽۣٶȱһ׶ǰᴩɫѪȪһӿ
ͻĹƣŵһ亹
˵ղһǱ׵Դô׾ֻһغķˡ
㣬㡭
һʱĿ࣬촽ͣ
Ǻǣս֮˲Ϣ䡣Ϊüĵĺ룬û㹻ĹԪص£޷ͷһ
ѻܿܿҡͷһЦھ͸㣬ҵöУŴĹԪأЩԪأ֮ǿʥԵֵң֧ʩչΡ֮ǰӳҹչԪأǹһΪҵҪǰ̵档
Ϊ֮һɴһ˫ţۣһʱЩ˵
ȷȻѻܿܿüĵĺ룬֮һôȻǰһЩԪԱʱ֮裬󱧷š
һʱ⣬Щֱ


954 ƽɫ
ص³һֽѻܿܿ׸ɿһЦ˵ûˣҡҡͷײЩЦ
˵ѻܿܿĶսи
սУѻܿܿÿһٶԻԣǲֱܹģԼжϣô׾ͻڲ֪֮䣬˰ѻܿܿȦסգڼʤĹͷһܣ
ѻܿܿ׸һָɣüһź룬ʱһʥ⣬ʱѻܿܿʼۿӵٶʮʱ䣬ѻܿܿ޸ָж
¥֮ϣ֡Ϸҹˣһ˵ԭ˸߲ҵģȻ޴棬ȡ֮˵ı
һЫŮˣ֪ıƣ
ҹҡͷ̾Ϣ
ߣⳡսͲƽ
ȴЩ߷߲ƽǰѻܿܿڿ˵ҪԼľΪڰ벽Ԫ磬ͷβüĺ룬֪üĺ̺ĹԪ꣬ãһЧһģһ벽Ԫʿܹӵеġԣһսѻܿܿ˵úʵϣԼʵû̫
ϷԸ꣬һֱ̬ͦȣʱȴҡҡͷĳ˵սʱļıϣȷҪѷһ
һ۷׷֮ʣͥԺеĽڣɹ޸İѻܿܿˬһЦŽ壬һԣǾƽ֡ϾüĺдĹԪأѾΥ˹涨
ȷ
һʼӽбԿʼͲ׼÷
ѻܿܿüĺ̲غõĹԪأĳ˵ѾΥ˹涨
սУɳħƽצǹ½һ¡
Ҫ֪ڱ֮ǰѻܿܿڿ˵Ҫһϸ£ڱ֮䣬ߵѾС
ʣѻܿܿƾǣ޷׽п⡣
ƽ֣
üͷһЦһαûйˣҪһٷֳߵͣãƽ־ƽ֡ڴһ㽻֣
ʱҿɲôˡ
ˬһЦûΪһʱʧܻƲ֡
Ǻǣϣһ㽻ֵʱѾΪʥ߾磬ҲţԾɱ
ѻܿܿȻһЦؿһס
׵ĻֹۣΪ͡
Ȼ˵ѻܿܿӮòʣǣĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ׶ھһȫµʶ
ûаѻܿܿ¾һ˵ĿУжôʥ
񣬰ѻܿܿĳ֣һֵܣھһ˿ء
ī֣С˵һƽ֣û֪оΣ
Ц棬žƱī뾴ơ
Ȼƽ֣ѾŵӻõսˡѻܿܿٲȻΪ˾һ߲
īˬʴЦզްѻ֣ܹܿܿӵаѻֽܿܿܳĵӣҪ˶ãܹ󣬶컯ɾ
ЦīķлѹһĿɢ
ԪЦǺǵģҴҵش¥֮һԾ£˽磬һǣסѻ֣ܿܿ¥֮ϡ
һԾص˾ǰ
֣
֣
ϷҹֵˣһƱ׾ơһɫޣֹģٲȻڰѻֶܿܿΣΪ
ˬһЦһֵܰ˰֣ںȾƣڳ⣡ѵôˣ
ۿײƽϳɰܵʧ֡ϷҹˣһЦգǰͣؾƣһʱ佻յ˸߲ҡ
ܿܿ
һοؿѻ֣ܿܿԴ֮ͳһƿݸ˰ѻܿܿƿȪʹ͸㣬ϣܹͻƿ̤ʥ硣
ţʵܹ̤ʥ磬ػǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӲʲô¡
ɤһ˵Żһ͵۹ī׵ķӦ
Ŷ
ī벻ǰһԿѻ֣ܿܿҲҪŻǫ́Ͽô
ֵ˵ͷû
ȻˣǿǾˡ
īƱŽѻܿܿսƽ֣δʤ磬Ǽԣ˭ܹ˳ڳ̨һʶӣ
ԣһĴȣ߸ĸ֪īҲī֣Ҳд⣡
˫һԿѻܿܿɰѻܿܿҲ͵۹ףһӴһЦһ̺С
ò˵ףǰѻܿܿĸ֮ƽʱ˵ʲôһƽ֡
һ˵лԣȻ˭Է


955 Χռ
೤̧Ӷͻƿʥ磡
ѻܿܿһϲؽӹƿ֮һĨȻЦ⡣
ã
ͷһЦ
೤ϣҳϡ
ѻܿܿ΢΢Ƿûʲô£Ҿ뿪ˡ˷һսҶͻƿʥ˲С˵ܹһٳɾʥ
Ԫ׷˫һһŰѻܿܿ
Ҫ֪ѻֹܿܿʥ۷徳ѾһˣһֱѵôʥĶɱս򣬻˵ùȥ񣬾Ȼ벽Ԫ׶սĳʥ磿
ֱǻ֮
ԪɲΪֻа벽Ԫףܹͻʥ۷徳ƿ
ܵԪе֮ɫѻܿܿˬһЦ֮ǰһֱһ˼άһֱƴشԪʥ硣ǵԪǷҶͻˡԣŬЧҲ󡣡
ԣԪ΢΢ͷ
ѻܿܿԪͬʿȫǳͣ˿ɱȵġҪٳ߸ͷһ̸ף
ڣҾһ˼·
ѻܿܿһƣ͵һףҾȫԼǣֻҪܹǷɱ䣬ôʱԪǷвСʥ磬Ҳƽƣˮɣ
δ䣬ԪɵһЦ
ȷ
һ;ǣܹõɡຣޱߣͺƴ촬ֻ㹻ִ̣ܹ˰
꣬ѧϰˮԣˮ㹻ˣҲִܹ˰
ѻܿܿķһֶΣԸһô辶
ʵϣǿˣҲкôǻݵ顣ֻʿԪޣܹ߼ˡ
ڰѻܿܿķԪǵƷʣзǳĿռ䡣ֻҪڽУѻܹܿܿǱʹɱ䣬ôȻܹΪʥ
ܹܿܿƽı֮һԵһҪúðա
һ˻䣬ʥ֮ұ̴ȥʵǳ̨
ԣѻܿܿ˫һֱ
ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣһֱǰѻܿܿһԸңɼԸôֿɼѻܿܿȻ״
£ѻܿܿҾҴȥƺһʱ䶼Ը˷ѡ
ͬʱһȺֵܽյף΢΢̧ͷŰѻܿܿԶȥˣ΢΢˫ѻܿܿѾҵͻƿľôҲҪԪ磬ɾʥˣ
촽Щڴ֪ҽԪܹ֮ʲôط
Դ֮ÿһ磬Ҫһѵڴ֮ͻƽˮɣ˳ͻ֮׻ܹһոµط
֮ǰѾطһǡѪڣХѪһ֣Ͻۡ
һ֣׵ʵʵɱ䡣
ǣڳΪʥ֮ʵһɳ죬ѧһոµط͸ͬնˡ
ī˵ͬʿУ޵еĴڣɲſڿӡ
ī֡
һʹǰ̨Χռ䣡
ī벻ɵ˫һʲôҪȥ̨Χռ䣿
̨ԲʮɣΧռŨʱտңǳ̨ܱߵÿһ򶼿ֱʵǵġоĵطʱңԵײѣһױУһغȻˣҲһЩǳϡٵĿռ䣬ȶġͨ˵ҲĿռ䣬ΪΧռ䣬ڱȶĿռ䣬Χռ䡣
ϧ̨ΧΧռ䣬һ㶼ߴ¢ˣѰ飬ҪռȶΧռ䣬ʵǳ̨ǲܵ顣
ΨߴĵӣлΧռ䣬ȫʵǳ̨
һſڣҪīһ˽Χռ䣬ī֮ϲ
Ͼī˷ǰɲϽΧռ䣬ֻǵҪ·ˡ
֣л
īվɫϾس˹֡
Χռ䣬һֻṩŵӣīһˣܹΧռ䣬ȫĸ
ЦŰ˰֣ī֣ҵľˣɽС£ҳݡ
˵ţ΢΢תͷԵԪԪ֣ھȥ죬³ϴкһΧռʱһʹīǰ
ԪӦŵʱһӣʧ١


956 С
쳣Ƶǻƺ¥֮⣬һֱδ뿪
ԭڻԵɺ֮£Ϊ״ӣһٻʥ쾳ı壬ݵλȫһɳ졣
ԭΪԼɻڴӼ
˭룬ڹۣף
׵ĵý־ϲԭΪܹһٲס
˭룬׾ȻҲһɽɽȻľˡ
һҪ赶ɱ˵Ըȫˡ
ý߲ѵǣȻһϸ¡
ʶ׿ֲʵĽ𻢣˳ʥ߾֮Ȼûһ˿һİգŵøεѣɫϣһڣԶԶ롣
ýĿеĵλһǧɣ
պ󣬽ܷܵãһδ֪
£ƺ¥֮ǻһǳ֮ɫ
ǧŽ壬ȻһٶΪУѿ˳𲻱Ǿӣҽ𻢷ģǧУֻأ
һͺ޵衣
ԸʦʦܹܿܿһٻŽ壬һʦдãҲͶҵΪһֻ۱һֻˡ
аš
ƵصȺ˰죬ٿأһӰįش¥֮зӶ𻢶ȥɵ˫һӣ
£𻢱һԷɵӵǰ˹֣ʦ֣֪Σ
һ𻢣ʱһ޲ǰ⣬˼ɽϵ״ӣֻǸŽʮֲֿҶˡϵǳ⣬и׼
˵ţҲȽ𻢻ӦŲת̼ʧããƺ֮С
δ䣬𻢵৵һ±òҰס
ʲôʥ쾳ӣδܻŽ壿
Ž岻ֻа벽Ԫ簡Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
Ϊһ˵ǳ⣬ʱúȹϵϣת
Ҫѻܿܿӵʥ۷徳磬ػŽ壬ӦòѴ֮
Ұο
ֹС죬Ľ𻢣ڿ˴¥֮зӶİѻܿܿʱ˫һڰѻܿܿǰܿܿʦ㣬һ¥֮еӢ䣬һŽǸСȥ˰գ
ѻܿܿһƣӱ𻢣һһƳ˹
ֻžһֱӱһĶ˳ȥδսӵİ࣬ҪٳҵǰĻҼһγһΣ
ѻܿܿ˪ÿһ۽𻢡
˵Ȼϵ״ӣڰѻܿܿУֵһᡣѻֻܿܿǿߣǽֲսĻɫѻܿܿҪľжġ
ܿܿʦ㣬㡭
𻢱һ⣬ɫǺ죬֪ԼڰѻܿܿĿеѾʮֲҪͽֺãвͨȻˣҪ֣ȫǶֻ֣ÿһƤڰѻܿܿβͺ治ѯʣܿܿʦ㣬ֻһ¥֮еʦô

ѻܿܿ͵ؽŲһ٣תбһ۽𻢣ѵû֮ǰ˵Ļô˵ţһ˫֮кâ˸˸ƺҪ˶ɣŵý𻢱ܵغŰѻܿܿ
ѻܿܿһЦҲ޷ҿֻɫӽѾȫŽķˡ
һ٣Žһѿ֮ɫѻܿܿŽսƽ֣ѾΪϧĶ֣ǵľŸոտʼϣӽ㲻ҪҺŽǰ֣ΪСֻǶģ
˵ţһתʧ١
ɫӲشԭأöδܻع
ѻܿܿȻ𻢳ƺΪС
Ҫ֪ڲ֮ǰ𻢻ҪѻܿܿãԼ֮Уڣѻܿܿɵ£Ľ
˭룬һת۵ʱ䣬ڰѻܿܿУѾһĵС
պ˵ҪѻܿܿɵˣǿѻܿܿҪܶԶ֮Ļ׼һĶ
Ž徿жȻʥ۷徳İѻܿܿսƽ֣ڣŽΪϧĶ֣
ӰѻܿܿŽ̬ƺǳŽ塭
ҧгݣھ١
ý𻢳ϵǣŽףʥ۷徳İѻܹܿܿڲ֮ءңðѻܿܿʮӡ
ĴҪһͷײĳ嶯
ۡ
ٿأĵĽ𻢣ͷһʺѪһΣ̱ڵأɫҰ׻Ұףһʧȥ˻ǵʬһ㡣


957 ֮
еŨҵɫ󡢻Ի͡϶ԣڲŨ̶ȣԶеͶʣڲã޼ʵɫƺ֮Уԡڲȫůģʮë׶鲻Խſ
죬ڸ߶ʣÿһŵģҪϵ죬ҲҪʥΪ
˵ڲĵӣų͵ľӢǾԵ
ʱɫƺشһʵΰڲ³Ԫִ뿪ˣ̴֮ϣһƵ֡
ޣǸ𣬲ֻһ³ϡ۱֣ʸƽƽȻǰָֻţթ
ɶǣӽǱ÷
ĳԪһĲ֮ɫ
ӥĶӣֵõӡΪĳϣҲҪѷɫһͣ׻˵²òͷҿǻһ̰ա
ִ뿪ҡͷ̾Ϣһ
һ³ϣ˶ӥĶӣһöӡɲ˷ˡ
ǺǣӵӡҪǰߺδЩ쿪볤ϣƺˣҳ֪ʲôǰʲôǺڣ
ԪЦ
뿪ſڣҪ˵Щʲôҡҡͷվû˵
ڶգ뿪Ԫϣڱ֮дˡ

ٿأһɫ׵Ļ첽뱦֮УڵأҾλϣִԪ
Ԫ뿪²ɵ
ŸոտᣬվǰĪΪǵĳ£רŸ㰰ǰָӣ
Ԫһһ
뿪˽
ҪԪ˭룬Ԫȴһס
ţ
Ԫ˵ҪԪȺ򣡡
һҶʣҾˡ
ͣǣ
뿪һԪ
Ԫ뷢԰ףĦ°ϵɽЦҾҪ֪õĳϣλȨأҪ²浽СС䡣
뿪ΪȻص˵ͷȷǲһɫպҪ䱾ΪĺĳϣҲûһ˿һϿԡ
ãɫƺ֮УԪȺڱ֮⣬ƵⲽȺ˴죬Щ಻סػڱǰĻٴߴټΡ
ϧۻߴٶٴΣԪ뿪¶ûнӼԪ˼
֮ǰѾ÷ǳҪ浽ϽϱչǱޡӣ뿪ԪϣǸûзϡ
ǻģҪ
ԪҡҡͷһΣʧ٣ȥһ취ֹͨһǡ
ڲɫƺһְĸоУ鶼ϲ١
ƺһ¥ڲīһ𽻱յ̸ϯ䣬ī벻ϵظ𾴾ƣм֮顣
ʮǫ飬ȾҲʮʹ졣
ţ
̧ͷ˿ɫ΢΢üⶼʱˣԪΪλ
֮ʣԪӰವһƾճ¥֮Уʱ˫Ϊ֮һ
Ԫ֣ô鶼źô
һƣһڴԪ
ԪɫȻһɥػӦˣԪ뿪³˵Ҫ²Ⱥ죬Ӱûš
˵ţΪƵعһƣȻ
ţ
üͷšһ֡
֣ҿԪ뿪λϣǻģء
Ԫ߷ߵ
ҡͷһЦ⵹ҲûʲôԪ뿪λϣǵĺĳϣæµһЩʮ
ǰλӦûӼ
ɫ̫ÿЦģī빰˹֣į֣̄ͨΧռʱΨеСҪǰһˣ
īһüͷ
֡
Ƭ̣īһϾسҲϣֻҲ֪ʮΡǲй¶ʵݣ룡ΪˣԲң˿ɾ˵׼ˡ
īеǡ
˵īľΪҪڵĳǰǾûпܵ飬ǱīʥȪȵͨǺ룡
ԣɫһ΢˼Ƭ̣ī֣޷ңͽҵıУҴʱ֮С


958 ˽
סϷҹˣȫ۷׷
ǽıУ
һĲ⣬еĹȫƿУ⣬ҪɱڣʵһҲܲˣ
û
ϷΪȻص˵ͷ˵īǰʵҪѷһǽı磬ڹҲֻ־ܵķݡ
ǲҪˡ
ײͷΪǰǲǺǣҪ֪ڿھڲֻҪ⣬ʱܹٻ龳ĴǣҪһ١
Ϸҹֵˣȫéٿͷǡ
֣鷳ˡ
īһм
һƣī֣֮˵ţһӣһεϯֱӽī롢һ˸뱦ڲ
׵ȫܿͽһ鲼ɽıڲ
ǿػ֣УȻ鲼һɽ
Ϸզпò˵ҵĸϻˣڻϵϣδǿ
סֵˣһնҺ߶
ͬʱԪ˻֣Ԫ֣ߣҵҪԪ뿪λϣжף
ಣಣ
£Ӱƾʧ١
ڲȥһƬã޼ʵɫƺԪӰƾճããƺ֮䣬һ̲ͣԳƺΰӶȥ
һ·֮ϣвʥĵӣشкԪ΢΢ͷǻˡЦõǣȻиѯʰѻܿܿ
ѻܿܿѾţڲĺĵӣŰѻܿܿ
Ԫܿ˱֮⣬ػڱǰһԪҾݼλϣ
ͷػ˻֣볤ϣɷڱڲ
һۣǵ˵ͷһ͵λȷʵڱڲ²һʱ޷ӿ͡ҪλȸǰԱߵƫһƷϺ裬һ߾Ⱥ򣿡
²
ɵζһЦһƿǰҵҪλҪ²⽫Ǿ֮⣡
˵ţҪ̤뱦
೤Ϣŭ
೤벻ҪСΪѣ
һҪǿʱңæٶǰһ¶ɬϵؿ
ŭӿʱҪֽϵԪæǰһȰ˵֣ûбҪ뻤ϾǲֻǷ°ˡ
һʱһӡ˳ʱ磬˲佫Ŀ˹ȥ
ͨͨ
ʱĹڵأǵؿͷл
ӡȨезһ
ʾӡ൱ӥݵССĻΣ
ߣ
ɪɪԪһӣǵز뱦ڲȵ˵ӰȫʧˣأԹڵأ֮ϵ·ʪ͸
ڲ뿪Ԫϣƣھɽ亣ζڲŲŮ裬ңԪһŮЦݰȻ
ٿأ뿪˫һһűſλáԪǵز֮С
ʱ뿪¶һ٣ЩΡ
Ԫüͷһ˽Դ뱦еԪɵһƣһ
Ӵǣ볤ϡͣǺ°
Ԫ룬һЦԪ뿪£ҵλûʱӼǡԭڻƵأȫûнӡȨ
Ļ̺һŭըףŵôڲĸŮŮȫͣսս
ȥ
뿪»˻֣ʱŮŮһ˵ȣһûӰ
˽һû׷ΣȻʦˣδҲ̫Ŀ˰գôǲе𱰣
Ԫ
ҡͷһЦʹԲӡ𣬲ֻһ³ϣͱʮǧ΢ᣬֵһᡣӡôҴľӥΪӥĳ
ƤЦⲻЦʵ
ԪƤһ鴤ͷٷϻ˷ǰΪ£ǵҪǰ԰ӡûбҪ
ˬһЦҴ˷ǰȻһҪ£Ҫλϡ


959 辶
ţ
һҪ£Ҫǣ
뿪λϲɵһۣɫŹ֡
˵գʲô飿
뿪²䲻ȵ
ҲӣֱӿڵҪ̨Χռ䣬λϣܹҿʱ
뿪ɵһЦ
û뵽ӵӡ𣬻ˡ
ųϣҪµӣΧռ䣬׼ʵġԣûӡ֣ҪҲϹƶȡ
ǺǣһС¡
ƤЦⲻЦʵ˵㲻Ѿڳ̨һʶôΪλҪΧռ䣿ĪǣһӣҪʵǳ̨
Ĭûش
ûȤЦһ뿪˲У˱֮еһҡ
ʱ֮뿪ˣŽһʱǰ
ʱһĿռڲ˸Բ
ʵϣڲĵӣûг죬Ҳҵʱ
ڣ
˹֣ҪԪ粽ʱ֮С
˭룬ʱԪǰһǰһЦҲǵһνˣӦö
ԣԪɫһɫŹ֡
Χռ¹ش󣬲ɶϷӥй涨ͨΧռʱȼ鱦ռ䡣
뿪¶һĨЦݡ
ţ
ʱԪһ
ȷҪΧռ䣬Ҫ뿪λҪ鱦ռ䣬ⱻ֮˳룬Χռ䡣
ҪʱԪҲν
ıռУīһˣѲ顣һīعˣͱ˳ȥ롣
ȿȡ
һ뿪λϻ˻еӡֳӡͲýѲ˰գ
ԣ뿪һЦһҡҡͷ
ƶȣɣҲҪظ
뿪ƤЦⲻЦȻֳӡǣһҪѲ飬ǵְڡ
Ϊص˵ͷʲôӥӦӥ밵ϳأȻѲ顣
ҧŭ
˵Ѳ鱦磬κһʿ˵Ǽʵ顣
ͺķˣѹ·˼һʮѿ
ңΪһʿٶһЩԼܡڱѲ飬©
ʵϣгǰΪ˱ȫԼܣᰵл¸뿪λϣ뿪£Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣ˽ȥ
ԭΪӵӡ֣뿪¸Ϊ
˭룬ϾȻҪѿ
ʱһŭȻɫҰס
Ǹ
Ԫһղԣһӻͳһƿݸ뿪λϣλϣǵһС⣬ܹͨͨڡ
Ԫһ֣ͽ֮ǰ뿪λѹεȪ黹
˭룬뿪бһԪеȪζһЦ
ȻںģһȪӣ
֮ǰһڳǰ뿪ѿ£˵ʲôҪѵһ
Ԫʲô˼ǵʲôˣȻҹȻ¸ǣ
͵͵뿪ʹһɫ
ʱ뿪һŭȳԴǣǸģ
㣬ǡ
Ԫһʱҭ
ģ϶ņ̀ˣҷŵ̬¸ǣȻһ棡
ֱ£֡
һ뿪ɵһЦ˶䣬һζ𣬡㿼ǺûУҪΧռ䣬ô̳磬ǳ׵׵ѲһĻذգͦæġ
ûͦæģһҪƵء
뿪һ޿֡
ȭͷҧֱ죬һ˫ӣضŲԶʱƺҪǿдˡ
֡
ǧһ֮ʣīԴԺ֮УʵڲУͲҪǿˣǲΧռǡ
ܹҳһ·ѾмˣûбҪΪңŸֵ߲ò죡
ī
һҧгƬ̣ڷǿдصͷ͵תԪһһȥʱ֮С
뿪£Ҳǻǫ́ϿɵĳϣʵҪ֮ϣ𵨸ǿдأ뿪һ֣ѿ


960 ѫ
ã޼ʵɫƺԪ紩Уһɫϣһ
뿪ϣǲ֪ôӡȻҲӡޣӳҪǼʶҵ
߷߲ѡ
Ԫ̾ϢҪȰο䣬ֲ֪Ӻ˵ҡҡͷأԵͷ
ܿ죬ƺıڲ
ಣ
һӣīһˣʱӱϯ
ī֣ʮֱǸһСæûܰ㡣
һεī롣
ī֣һЦ֣㲻ܹһ·ҽĵشѾǳмˣΧռ䣡
ϾÿһΧռ䣬ǸɵĻҪصأܹģȫܹ⡣
ī밲οʵļ
һīû˿ź֮ɫɫڻһЩīһˣűڲһȥī֣һöڲѫ£šڽĵش֮Ͼɱһ١
ӻͳһöƴСѫ£ī롣
ī֮УͷϸĦ˫ɵΪ֮һѫôǺǣ֣̫лˡĦеѫ£ī벢ûо֮գһϲ뻳Умѡ
ǺǣǾ֮ͶѣܹҲֻôˡ
ҡͷпһԴīһһ֮У˿̣֮һػϣһϮտɫۣ뷢԰ףĿϬӥһ𣬵
˰֣񡣡
ī֣˷ֱҲ֪һμ棬ʲôʱϣܹأԵټ
һиŵī֡
īһЦ֣Եټ
˵ţһˣǽʱ֮Сһʱһ˾͸оһתתƣܿ˵Ӱ㳹ʧ١
ԪվʱԣĿīһ뿪ãδع
֡
ģԪһ
͵һ飬ܵԪеĹ֮ɫ𲻽΢΢̾ϢһҪܹõŽͺˣʱ򣬽췭ظ⡣
Ž壬𻢵ãȻҪѷɫ̫࣡
Ϊź
һʥӽ𻢣ӵŽױȷҪѷɫ١
Ԫ˵ͷ֮ǰ־ٶ˫ۣ֣ڽ𻢣׼γͽ䣿
˻֣޿ãĿǰ˵ȴΪҪһöӣԣҪΪҳϣҪʩ
ɫΪ֮Ȼк塣
Ԫ˵ͷ
ڶգĴ֮£һ̼׻˱ڲ
Тͽݼʦ𣡡
ݼʦ壡
һ·ѣһ뱦ڱ֮һϾԪŵͨһڵأҾ
𻢣Ϊŵӣҵ״ӣĳϣҵ棬ŵ档ǿУȻδսȴ룬Ϊʦɨأõ
ŭһըף̺һʥѹȵý𻢴Ϣܡ
ŵôڵأҿһۡ
ʦ𡭡
ĩˣ𻢿һĭΡΡҳϣ֮ԲӦս˽ĵġҸҶ췢ģôǳųǳս󣡡
ԣԪɵһ
ʲôս󣿡
ԪһƲȻýſڿӣΪԼ
ʦʦ塣֪Ž壬У޲ýԷ̻ңڹ֮ϣǾһʮ֮Լȵ컯ɾȥ̻ʱ򣬲һ嶼Ϊ֮Ŀ
񣬾֮Լвʱ䣬Ϊ˱ԼʵŽ嶴ҵĵϸҲڹؼʱ̣ܾӭս
ͷڵ֮ϣɪɪ
ţ
Žһʮ֮Լ
ԪʱΪ֮һ˫Ź⡣
˵ʮһǾͻֳһ
ʱǽһŽǷ񶼻ᵽ
׷ʵһʱϢңƺһĺϢ
巢ģҵĻǧȷʦ׺䣡
һɫ
˵ͷɫ˲١
ʦ𡭡
𻢿ɬһЦ²ûŽ֮Լʱһù췭ظǰսϾǶǸеʥӣϵŸŵ棡
ʱǽһ壬Ž屳Ľ𽣶죬ڣϵõǧټƵҪȡʤ
𻢳


961 צ
һת֮īһֻǰһ͵شӸ߿е
ಣಣ
ʱסϷҹˣ׷һΣתԪס˸Եӣÿһ˵ɫΪɬо֮ϣƱһɽޱȡ
˺ĵش
ɬ촽־ϲΧĻȥľ죬ɽˮӦŨԶƯѤõϼƬȫӳĵһƬ죬沨ԣϺ֣У㱼оɾ֮С
ĵشÿֲΧĿռ䣬Ҫֲʮ
Ϸüͷ
˵컯ɾеȻе򱶣컯ɾ֮УǷоҪķǳԪ
˭룬˺ĵش֮һ¥ΧĿռ䣬Ҫֲʮ
仰˵ĵشռеļʮ򱶣
ʮ򱶣
һʲôĸ
ˣȫΪУ
īһӡ
ʱ˷׷״˵֮ϡ
ĵشŨ쳣Ǳ𿴷羰һͻữΪһƬ档ԣһҪ񾭣־ǡ
ī
סϷҹ˷׷׵ͷǡ
ĵش̨ȻԶ컯ɾеŨ̶ȣ֮Զ棬Ϊг̨Ĵڡ˺ĵش̨ʮֵýŨ̶ȣȻҲͬѰ
Сǣʱ뱦УһҲҪһĵشĻȵĵشҾͻὫ뱦ˡ
ī
ԣסϷҹһ˵ȣ׷׵ͷǡ
ণ
ٿأֻһһΣҲīıзӶΪ˷ܵػ׵
ƺĵشõҲʮּ
˵Ҳǵȵһνĵش£ԵȵʵĵشܹҲ׵ĸ
ȻˣȻȳˣûн׻ȳĳȺٻ
һȺĿ̫ˡ
Ⱥɱںĵش˵ֵһᡣ
ԣֻǵǹƥӱӶ׵ͬˡ
⣬һֵ֮⣬ƸߡׯˣҲʩʩȻӱпźĵشŨһϲЦտгź֮ɫ
ߣ
Ϣ첽ǰ
īһӣһȵǰ·˾ǣīܿˮɽΣķĵƣѡһЩľԡͰϡΪ·Ŀꡣ
⣬⡣
ʱ˾һ·ɱһͷͷԱ񱼲ֹ
𡭡
˭룬̶һյĹ򣬲ԶĺУһƯںĽʯ͵س˺סͬʱһʯըףŵڳһ˵ȣǽŲһ١
ৡ
еˣȫڵأϢȥ
顭
ֻһıӺţһƬһƬѪҺټһһߣܿ췽ԲĺˮͱȾʺһƬڤĿġ
쿴׸ߵĽʯȻһͷ꣡
ٿأϷһָ˷׷ѭȥ
˿̣Ľʯ͵شˮ׳ˮ棬˶ȥɵõһ׸ߵĽʯȻһͷ꼹ϵһ꣬зԲǧף¶һ޷壬ں֮ϡ
˿̣Ϊ֮Ŀǣټ걳ϣһˮ״ϸĴָ廨Щ֮ϣһ̣īɫϣǧ׵꣬ʹһͺ𣬽þ˷ӿ춯ء
һͷǧ꣬һֻצ
īĿ磬һʱжϡ
ǧצ
ײΪ֮һ
ûжϴĻһľΪѾﵽʥ۷徳磬ɱ˭ܹʳԷʬ壬ܹͻƿɹ龳硣
ī˵
δ䣬ȫһһ쬵ĺӿϼ
ǧ꣬צһǳɾΪͻƿϧ̵໥ɱΪ̳ԶԷ
ĿĿ֮УǧӴֹͣѪϵһīɫڲ
໡
ڣһǧһغ
צӮˣ
ҹ뼧һۣп
û뵽ںĵش洦ɼʥ۷徳ɱΧռ䣬Ƿǳġ
ߣǸϽ뿪
ǧҪǻ
īߴһ



962 Ѫ
ǰǧʬ壬϶̲ıҪһ˳ǣΣ
ϷЩģ˴˫֣Цſ
Ȼ˵צӵʥ۷徳ľΪԲϷܹԸĴڣǣī龳ĴܣҪɱצӦò⡣
ǽצնɱôܹõʥ۷徳ʬ壬޵ıУ̲޾ĲƸ
̫ˡ
īбһĿ¶̰Ϸسһ䡣
Ϸɵһ㶣εͷīĻЩɶͷԡ
߰գǵĿĵǳ̨
״һӡ
˭룬ʱһŭХƽըһ㣬͵شһ׷תͷ롣
ֻһ׷Բͷ͵ˮһѪڣȳޱȣ͵سǧʬɶȥ
ʱһ޾ԴѪ֮ϯһ磬ǧʬצȫһѪ֮С
׷Բͷɽһǧʬ壬Լһͷŵצƺһ£˸С
ʥ۷徳צԾ޴ͷȻȫûһ˿һķ֮븹У˸͡
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһһֲͷȫηɲɫ
ģʲôȻһڽǧצˣ
ֲ̫ˣһ϶龳ޣ
ˣû뵽ǧצƴɱȫΪ˱˵ĸͣ
סϷҹȫ۷׷ףпǧ
ৣ
ٿأӴͷƺܵ׵˵Ŀ⣬͵صתͷ΢΢һ˫ɭͫף񶾵ضһˡ
ʱһɳǵĺ⣬Դ׵˵ļ֮ڶÿһ˶оǱˣһϢͣͣѪҺ
īɫϾǰһ赲һǰηضӴͷ
׷Բͷضһͺһˮ֮УһָƽΨѪˮһΣϵسԶɢ˶ʲŵһĻ¡

ͷһ뿪׵˵ʱһһʪ͸ڤ֮һ⡣
ֲ̫ˣͷʲô
ɫɷף촽¸ͣһ񣬾Ϣˡ
ڳһ˵ȣɫǺ죬΢Щ֮⣬˵ȾɫҰףƻһ㣬ŵϡ
һڤߡ
īҿûзƣĻ֮Ʊؽһս
ҡҡͷīɨһɫˣֵߣǼ·
£˷׷һ̲ͣظīһ·ų̨ķɱȥ
Ϊ֮ǰһĻֲȫ£һ·֮ϣȫĬȫȻûгĵش˷뼤ȡ֮Ķš
һͳΪĳڰĿֲ޵ĸʳ
ɱһ磬ɫīĴ֮£˽ɱǧľ룬ͣ
һ·֮ϣ˹ޣͲ¼ʮԽܵǣо󲿷ֵޣӵʥΪ
ƺںĵشûʥΪһߣʳĵײ㡣
ںһʥӣЩơ
ߴߴ
ٿأһ˻ŽžشĤǧٸ룬ƴش˵࣬Ϊ֮ġ
ণ
ʱʳɲһҲģ
ȣʲôˣ
üͷһ塣
죬صҵı
īɫ䣬͵һ䣬һεֱӽڳһ˵ȣȫīıС
ͬʱͿԶʯһ㲻ϵ¡ƺжڵص֮ϯ
īȫתԪ磬һͷ֮С
ߴߴߴߴ
ߴߴߴߴ
ಣಣ
ֻһ̵ֻĹֽī֮һָϸѪ˵ɢڵء
ÿһѪĶƤֳ͸ɫѪ
顭
īˮڵص׿ռ֮һ׷𣬿񱩵ԪɽѣҡػΡ
ս˰ʱ찲
īһӣԴӵص׿ռȫ±ˣһֱ۸ʧ٣֮ϣȴһĨȻЦ⡣
ȥؿīд֮Уһʮ׳ĳӣȫѪ󨡣

ͺһīһУֱӽеһ˸ͷ˳
У׵ȫһʶ̽磬֮ǰƾĶǵļսȫϸһȫµī룬һʼ꺮ů
޷󰭣λǣġ
īĨһԪתܿīѵұ۾ۿӵٶ˳鲼ȫ˿ҲɿϡͬʱȫҳҲʧ١
ǰЩӣʲôҸоЩӣȽ׻ȳҪˣ
׵ɴ˫ضصѪ󨡣
Ѫ󨣬רʳѪһɳ涼ӵž綾ܹ׶һʥߡӣѪ󨣬Ѫĳ
īȻıѪ󨣬ϲЦտ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫΪ֮һһѪ񣬶һ˿⡣
ԭҲǳȺ
׻Ȼص˵ͷҿ𵶷ȵĳȺҪһ


963 ȳ˯
ʣѪҲһ֣ңƷ׻ȳ滹ҪһΡ
ϾÿһѪڣ̺еĶأܹ׶ʥ߼ʿ
۸ʵ׻ȳ޷ѪᲢۡ
ǧֻѪۼһǶôֲһ¼ʥĴܣҪ˱ᡣ
ѹīڷѪĵһʱ䣬ͽһ˸˱УʵѪ۳̫ײпɲһһ˾綾գۼҪһ˸ɡ
Ѫ󨣬ʲôΪ
Ϸµգգ˫ضīеıѪ󨡣
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫΪ֮һ
ǺǣѪ󨣬ӵʥľ硣ȻΪںĵشвͣٿǧֻѪ󨣬̶ֲ󡣡
ңѪ󨣬Ӱȥ٣׾پܹʥĸ֣ʮִ
ӵ龳ΪҪɱֱǳ˵Ρ
īһп
סϷҹˣ׷׵һһҽ
ѪȻӵʥľΪò˵ȵȻҪֲö࣡
ɫ԰ֽ
˵ܹǧֻ׻ȳĵȣѾԿĴˡ֮£Ѫӿֲ
Ϸզп
ҿīǰػңĻóȻĵشΨһ֡
ҹɫࡣ
ণ
ণ
ٿأĵȣʳзһ˻ƺЩ̰سīеıѪ˶ȥ
ǣīԵʣʼЩɵһֱһξ벻ҿ
ٺ٣Ȼ˵Ѫڣӵž綾ǣÿһѪ󨣬޵ľѪɾڣڱѪѪҺ羧ʮǽڵľѪƳһɶõı
īһЦһǬͳһ룬һһεİԪԹѪʬ֮УһһﴮѪӣʱӱѪһһܿͽһֻװ
ʱŨҴ̱ǵѪζԳ˷ɢ
ڳÿһ˶΢΢üͷеѪӣɵ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ণ
ণ
еѪȱø⿺ܣһʱ·ɣϡ
ǰѪѪӣƺǴ֮
Ϸµʵ
վһԣ˼ӿʵ˵츳ѪѪ繯˴˵ʮĹеһŽ塣
ڵѪȫʽɫ״̬ܹѪ顣
񣬱ѪѪҺ羧ڵѪͬһ̬ȻҲǷ
ǺǣѪľѪȻǺöѰ޸
īһƣЦϾѪǾ綾֮ڵľѪҲǲɼޣʮҡѰʿóȻ̷̾ͻж
ԣһ˲ɵƤһ
˵ȴǴ֮
ɫ԰׵׵ˣī뻰һתһЦ棬һǿȵĿԣ⣬Ϊͬ棬ѪľѪڱ棬Ҳ̫ų⡣ԣѰʿ˵ѪľѪȻǾ綾֮Ƕ棬ȴǲɶõĴ󲹵
˵ţīҲԥֽеѪӣݵ˵ȵǰ
ণ
ȵʱ˷ܵһʳһֱ˲ſ֮Уţƴ˱ʳ
һգ۵ĹһѪӣȻȸ븹С
˻
ڳһ˵ȣȫĿɿڴ档
ò˵ȵĳ࣬ţͶ̥ʵ̫ѿˡ
ণণ
ԱĵȣǺȵҡҡλεط׵ļϣſһ
ţ
ȣû°ɣ
ۿȱήҲײ˫һЩ
ܵеĵǣīһЦŽ壬뵣ǡֻȣ̲ȣҪ˯һʱˡ
ţȵӳ˯ѹһᷢɱ䣡
īһƶɫ
ԣ־ϲ֮Ħȿ˯ƾκ޶ԡ
ƺ˯֮ˡһɨоȲ޴󰭣ֻЩƣ룬ʱһ
īǰ浶ллˡ
̧ͷī빪ͬʱһӣʱȻΪһӰ׵֮С
ī뵭һЦǺǣֻСһ׮ˡ֮ˡһ٣ī˫˸˸Źͨ˵ɱ䣬һȺӰ죬ͼӰġѾȲҪɱ֮󣬻һˡ



964 ټ׵
Ҳһ
˵ӵʥ߰ľΪ˷˱ѪľѪлһͻƣʥ۷徳磬һ̤ʥ硣
ǵɱһֻʥ棬ô³ǧֻ׻ȳ棬Ҳ֮ɱ䡣
ʱǵȵĸʵȺʵᷢʵɱ䣬һΡ
ǩԼ񵶷лõɱ䣬˵Ȼһ¡
Ըܹɱʥ磡
Ϸ˷ܵػһȭͷ컯ɾ֮УգһֻʥػңȫϵҪߵöࡣң»гǧֻ׻ȳ棡
ϲ֣
ϲ֣
ҹϷˣ׷ǰϲ
׵һЦ
ҹˣǼ·
īһӣһεٶϯΪ˰ȫһǽǸ뱦Сǿ˳̨ٽǸٻ
˵ţһ·񱼣ҹĻ֮УһͷԱ
𣬺𡭡
īҹĻīһ㣬Уоֲָī龳ĸ֣Ҫ̽·һɨǰһһľ˲ӡԺ֮У˺֡
ڶ磬īһƬտĲԭ֮Уһӣֱӽһ˸ٻ˳
ಣಣ
׵˸һ׷һоŨӿڱǣůģʮ
ǿǾǴ˵еĳ̨
īͺһָԶա
ৡ
˾һ𣬷׷׾ĿԶѭȥ
ԶˣϡؿһӴֱ̨ʣһۿͷ̨룬磬ƣһɼұصĸоէһһΡľ޷壬䣬һֹӡɣͳУĸоһʱڳһ˵ȣȫһ
˵û˻Ϊôһ񹤵ĳ̨ʵĴ䡣
Ǵ˵еĳ̨ôǲͬ죡
һɷף촽ЩƺѧĴ壬̨֮һоһͷϹڵ֮ϣƺʱҪ˶ɣÿֲ
˵ֻҪ̨ܹõɣ𻯷֪Ƿʵ
Ϸ˷ܵش궯˫֣Щ
ֺ̨γԢһ;
лǣƵĳ̨Щпÿһ̨ףÿһ;еÿһƿΨвʵǣл۷壬õɣ
Ҳ֪жӢۺܣΪһõɵ룬ǰʵǳ̨жٺ쳾׹Ȼˣѻڳ̨֮¡
΢΢̾Ϣһ
˿ĿΡƴĳ̨׸оԼʵ̫Сˣ׺һ
Ѿ̨ܹˣ˵̨ѾԶˡǣǾԲܹģ
ī֪ҪҵһȶĿռ䣬ʵǣʮѣҪǧѷĻԵˣеޣڳ̨շתǧ궼δҵһʵʵǵ㣬һΣǵʱѾʣ޼ˣҪҵһȶʵǵ㡣
īһࡣ
סϷҹˣ׷׵ͷ
īǰҪҽ׻ȳٻóȺɢų̨һЧʡ
һ
ԣīȴҡͷһЦŽ壬˽̨ʲô˵˵̨𻯷õɡǶڸ˵˸еĿ־塢һ˲¹ͷϹޣ
˵ǽ׻ȳˣһЩʥĸ֣ҳʱ俿̨
īҡͷһЦֱӷ׵顣
ϻ˵ˡ
īɫϾذ˰֣ѾĵشƬڣһûʲôޣȫԸҵң̽ա


ϷҹֵˣƺīȾˣһЦеķʶ
ߣڳſ̨
īһӣų̨ķһ·񱼡
׻˵ɽȻѾ˳̨ǣҪִ̨һηǳ·;һ·֮ϣûв۵ǰ·һΪ
þϦʱ̣һʮ˫ʽ۵ټ꣬һ˵ǰֵһǣÿһټУһ˸˸Ĵ󵶡
ţ
Щʲôˣ
סϷҹˣһ˫һ龯衣
īĿһɨȴǵһЦΪ⣬ģЩһǾΧѲ߻
˵ţߴ׵˽еķȫԴʾѺ֮⡣



965 Ÿ
һټ׵첽ƽīһˣԼĪʮ׵ľ룬Եͣ˽Ųһͷټ꣬߳һߺˣΪԴϽΧٱ
ī뵭һЦ¾ϵֵܣѫ£ǿ顣
˵ţһ͵ѫ¸˳Ϧ֮£ѫ˸˸Ź⣬Ө
ţ
ѫ£ǵж
ټüͷһʱϯϸϸعĦһīеѫ£ȷǻʵƷ֮󣬵ҲûІ¡
뿪˵أ󣡡
Ǳٿǣɱ⣡
ֳֿ󵶵ټ꣬һһģ
ټ׵Ű̬ȣסϷҹˣ׷üЩˬ
ϢжϣǰȺټ׵ʥ磬Ȼ˵ԶҹϷˣһĴڡ
龳īǰЩˡϾʥ龳Ĳ֮࣬
ʥټ׵ȻҶīߺָʹ
Ҫ֣ɱ⣿
Ը𱬵Ϸ΢΢˫Ц
īȴǲɫ˹֣͵ϵ֮£һŽ˾ΧںĵشĵΣ̫Ϥԣָܹһ
īһ̵ģ
һֱߣﴦԿһɽɽ֮ϲž죬ǱǾֱ߽磬ǳ˻ɽͲҪٻĻǷӵѫ£ʲôĹϵһ
ټ׵˫Ϭӥƺʱʹɱ֣һǵѪͽ
ã뿪Χ
ī뵭һЦкһˣԳϷɱȥ
ټ׵һĿɭشһԣעīһˣȵī˵ıӰȫʧҰ֮УϢڿն
īǰΪҪǼëС񣿡
Ϸһӻ𣬷߷߲Ǽë񣬲ֻʥ磬ȻҲ˵Ŀˣʵ̫ˣ
ûӵ龳Ϊһôǣȥͽɱ⡣
֡
סҹҲһī롣
˵ī뵹Ҳһų֮ԲԵ޹ʵ֮ԣһԭġ
Ǻǣ졣
е֮ɫīҡͷһЦûжϴĻǰټ׵ֻΧڵССˡĸ֣ش
û뵽ײȻ㴳˾Χռ䣡
˵ÿһΧռ䣬Ų𾳽ĸ򣬼ңҲΣ
īҡͷЦ
δ䣬ȫΪ֮һһĿ࣬˫ɵúţһ㡣
ʲôߴΧռ֮Уһ𾳽ĸ򣿡
һ𾪣˵еĲ𾳽֣Уǿ۷ˣݹ壬ӵв𾳽ΪҲָû뵽컯ɾĺĵشȻôĲ𾳸֣
ѹīǰ˱ԭǼɵΧռĲ𾳴ܣ
Ϸéٿ
˵ȣҲĬٶ˵
ľ룬ڷ˵ǳңԶܹɵʿ˵֮ɷԾɽֵһᡣ
Ȼˣһˣѡ˲УٶȾҪ˲٣ˣҲķһʱ䣬ͿһĻɽ
ɽʣǧףһڲãϣȥؿÿǧɽ֮ϣһɫ죬֮Կһ˫ᣬȻǾű־
īеõѫϵͼһģһ
ߣӿٶȣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ī˻֣ʱɣѡ˵ͿշС
ಣಣ
һʮӰԳһĻɽӶȥ
ɽƺʵʵϣɽȫһûɵģѰʿҪǿдأֻƽܷɣһغ⣬ѹڻɽϷľű죬Ҳͬ죬׾ܹٻǧֻ飬԰޾ɫ
īһϾؽܵԣҪǷ֮سȥҪõع˵׼ʲСԸع˿ѫµϣܹһ
סϷҹˣ΢΢ü
ʣ˽ʱȻֱӽΧռʱΧռ䣬ҲңԶھΧ֮ڡ
̨ԲʮɣޱߣϽʮֿ㣬ΪޣԽΧڵȫ𣬵ͨ˵޶Χش棬óȻڲΧռ䣬ǿҿһۡ
ԭīΪԼʹ͵ѫ£ھΧѰһʵʵǵ㣬Ӧò⣬˭룬Ȼ˱Ÿ



966 ˰Ѫ
ĻɽΡΰһڲãϵ˿̣ʥȪƳ۵ߣһؿӶȥ
ÿһߣ뷢԰ףϢĿ䣬ӵ龳Ϊĸ֡
ڹؿǰعسѴһӾȺ򣬸һʥȪȵϣʱϲЦտǰӭӡ
Ǻǣ׳ϡΣڽǸˡ
عسݹᾣʮȴ壬ɫϼѡ
˿̴һӣӭʥȪȵϣͿܵ
ϣ
ʥȪͷһϣһɫͷعسϣЦŴк˵ǾΧռֵİ˰Ѫߣ񼴽죬ȴ˳溦ڣѾҪήˣ
һ׳Ͼֱ⣬żɽѯʡ
׳ϡΧռֵһƬȫֺǰ˰Ѫߣɲ黨ҲȫزһĳȻˣ̶ģǰ˰Ѫˡ
˰Ѫߵӣؽ𣬴ʥȪȻģ˵׳ǿسʦܹ溦ԣҪ׳һ̽
عسЦ͵
ͨ˵ߴӵһƬרΧռ䣬ƬΧռУʱճڱȶ棬ǿֲɲ黨ľѵص㡣
ÿһӵΧռĺΧռпһƬֲŸɲ黨ǲר˴Ľࡣ
˵ΧռֲݣƷʣٶȣͬѰÿһţҪ
Ϊﶼרһ˵ǲᷢ溦ġ¶⣬ھΧռУͳһС͸ӣеɲ黨زһĶƾʿʩչķȫ޼¡ۿŰ˰Ѫڵĸݣ½ؿʼή𿴻ĳϿʼסˣ֮£ֻؽƸʥȪſسʦ׳ǰһ̽
Сĺ棿
׳΢Ƭ̣һЦϾģҴ˷ǰᾡľеĳ溦ָհ̬ƣ
׳Ϸˣ
һ׳ϵĻعسϵʱЦ˫ۡ
׳ϣ
˵ţعسϽ׳һ޷ڲĶ֮У׳ϣڶСƬ̣˽Ϣϱ߲㣬һͻǰӭӡ
׳΢΢ͷһ̫ʦ֮ϣʼƷ衣
ʥȪȵߣǷң˫ִػ׳
ܿ죬عسϱʹأǰȥϢʹ˫һתۼ䣬ʧ֮С
һյʱ䣬һټ׵Ļǲ붴֮Уڵأ˫ֱȭϣҪء
عس׳ϺȲ죬ŨһʹһʵǺҪأ
ͨ˵ǾŵҪأҪϱعسϣֻعػʾһڵӡͳˡ
ȻϱعسϣǸ
һֳѫµ龳֣һȺһһʮ
ţ
ֳѫµ龳֣
ԣعسϲɵ΢΢ü΢Ƭ̺󣬴һӣǰȥ̽һ˵ţתն̫ʦϵ׳ϣһǸ֮ɫ׳ϣʧƬ̣Ҫ֣
ϣʲôˣ׳΢΢һЦʵ
ŶйãҪҺʵһݡ
عسϵһЦ

׳΢΢һЦŻӦֻæҡ
عسЦֺ˼䣬ŴҴ뿪
عسϵӰʧڶУ׳΢΢˫ƣ¶һĨĪζЦ⡣
ʦ֡
ٿأվ׳һߣһҿĩˣϢϻ᲻ǲɸ˵ܣ
׳ҡͷһЦӦԲܣʥȪؽʥȪȹð˰Ѫߵʱұڲ˶ƣֶƣϢɫζҵıơѰسʦǶȻԲġ˵󻰣컯ɾܹұƵҲָڲûʿ
ôΪгһգȵѪ߿Ҫ֮ʣ߶ƶֺ˰ѪߣøĳϼתҳһҾܹö֮ؽΧռ䣬һ̽ʥȪ˵һսԻܣ˳ɣʥȪеĵλˮǴߣǺǣҸ˹ƣõ˹ΧռĻܣص֮У棡Ǵʣ޲ߣ
ķչȫҵļƻ֮УĪΪţ¶ţĻһ˺£ҶϳͲ
׳΢΢˫´Լ
ҵߣ׷Ӧŵ



967 سʦ
վڻɽ£ˣ˷ڻ¯֮Уȫð˿̣īһˣվڹؿǰһټ׵ỤīΧ룬һɱ֮Ȼ
ô£
ټ׵Į̬ȣЩǣǲѾʾѫôȻǳأ
Ϸҹ׵ˣҲüͷɫ
һݹ᾵عسϣһټ׻֮£첽īһǰ
Ҫأ
عسƤһĿϬ磬īһתУī΢ͣһʱ䡣
عسϵĿ⣬Ϸֵˣȫоâһڤеܹһ۶ꡣ
ǵģѫ£ϵĿˣ׼ĵش
ī벻ɫеѫ¡
عسĿһһʱϯīеѫ£Ƭ̺΢΢ͷȷϻʵɡ
عسϲûоʹ˷е˼һƣԭĿˣʧʧعسЦ棬һܵģǰһ꺮ůĩˣīļ˵˵Ѿжʱûлصڲˡ˵Ѿǵִˣǰ;
˵ţб۹īķӦ
ī˼磬һ⻰ʱµعس̽Ųһ٣ԴǵؾϴԲӡȻڵ쵣³һְδڵڲְ
ԣعسһţЦŶԭˣϺͿþûȥţЩ㲻״ˡѲҪ֣
ī΢΢һЦ˰֣ôܹ𣿡
عسͷȻ
˵ţԵټ׵һӣС
ʱ߰˸ټ׻ɱȥһһ͸Ľڣ˵ǰһȿռ֮š
лϳȫ
ī빰ֵлҪкһ˳أٿأعسǰһס׵ŵһ£üһعسϡ
ͬʱīƴʢһĮعسϣ߶Ԫֻعسʲô춯Ҫʹɱ֡
ϡ
ͬʱʮټ׵ƾճ֣һֳַɱڣ
սһ
Ǻǣˡð
عس϶һЦ⣬Ǹӵʣʮ⣬Ҷ͸֪ʲô
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһᵽɤ۵λá
ī΢΢˫Ժ˼ӿ΢˶٣㵭һЦҵĵӣ˷ǰӽд轻ʲôʣڸأǳϸȤȥ֡
عسƤһɫʱЩÿ
ȥ
ѵĽδЩ̫׾ˡ
ʵϣΪعسϣʣ֮˾ͱ޾ϸһһ򣬱˵Ҫ˳ˣ㲻ûɱ֮īִ۵ģعسϷǳϲ
ϣ
ʱԶһ˼ٷӶˣͷһˣͦΣһ˫ɫӣһԨ纣ɲĸо
عسһæӭǰȥ䳤ϣˡʥȪȵĿسʦ׳ڶеȴʱˡ
ãȥӭӡ
䳤һЦǵز붴֮С
Уÿ׵һۡȻ׵˸ķۡ
ƺù죬ĥ͸Եһ֮ǵ蹵·ֻһ񣬾ܹء
ϷϢͣͣȵ䳤ϲ붴֮УɫǺشڴϢ
Ϸҹ֡ˣҲȫͬķӦ
ˣ䳤ϣûɢһƣֻ磬嵭һվ͸һּΣյĸоҿ䳤ϣǸܣ
ҹһп
Īǣ䳤ϣΧռеĲ𾳸֣
һֳһͷ
Сӡ
عسϻعĿ˸˸ضףЦЦȻֻа벽Ԫ磬ǣҹ۲죬ǿȷǳֲһЩʥߣҪ硣
ûв´һǵõĳִеʰգ
عسϻʶ飬һ۾Ͳ׵ĲЦ졣
һΣعسϲûī룬ֱӱףȻʮֺƣһ˫ӣӥһ㣬ֱӴ׵֮Уڻ֮䣬عسϵ˫֮Уʧȥʶ
ӵѪʡ
ֻŰ壬һ߿һ㣬һһʮػش
ţ
ӵѪʣ
ԣعسϲɵ˫һ



968 ī
عسͻľٶڳˣȫ´󺧣һѺ
ӵŽ壬ǻĹʮеһʡ
֮ǰīǰû׵ʣΪ
ζžҪӵŽʵܣѸ¡
Ͼ컯ɾ岻ͬ
УſɽҲ塣컯ɾУز죬ǱһЩϹ֪ӵŴ˵еŽ壬ϲ⣬ǰ͵ϮɱƳһ߿ܣ߸ɴжᣬռ׵
ʱ򣬿׿޶ûеطȥ
ԣһعسϴ׵ʣī뵱ʹһۣҪɻء
˭룬عسϾȻͻȻ԰ѹ׵¶ʵࡣ
ǧһ֮ʣȻ龳ī룬Ҳ޲ߡ
ڣԼͣȻعسϵı֮£ҡҷȴûȫΪһ߿ܣԣûнŽ͸¶
߰ɡ
΢˼Ƭ̣عسɿ׵󣬲ټ׷ʡ
ʵϣعسѯʣֻΪһĿġȷǷڵж
Ҫ֪컯ɾУвٵĵжоһЩĵӣǳ׿Ʃ򶴿ߵһУɽǳ׿һ֡
⣬ԳɽУҲвپԳӵſֲƷʡ
Щھ춼в
ڣ˵ԼѪӵʵĴУǾжķ롣
ʵϣԱΪӻҵģκһУпӵѪĵӡڣһɫݵţҲһЩӵѪУӵѪƩ𰣬еһӡ
ߣ
һ˵عسϷУīһˣʱһ׷ᲽԳŹؿĿռ֮ŷӶȥ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬һ˱˳ش˹ؿ˹ؿ֮⡣
һؿÿһ˶ǳһ亹һ£־ϲ
׳ϣ룡
ʱУ䳤ʥȪȵ׳ϣӶ֮п
׳ϵȻЦĿ㡣
ܿ죬䳤ϵ֮£׳һ˷׷ڿն׼ΧռķӶȥ
ţ
ٿأȻ˹ؿīȻһһ˼׳ϡ
ǰ߰ա
״ӹŹһ⣬£˿ֻҪԶԶ뿪Ƿ֮ء˭룬īüī붼ûд
ʱ׵˷׷ѭīĿ⣬׳ȥ
ؿڲ׳΢΢תͷбһīһˣٿأ˫һֺĦ͸Ŀ֮¶һĨɻ֮ɫ
ӣ
ӣ
ܵ׳ϵĿ⣬īƱ˶ͷһˮȫ͵һ£һ֣
ಣಣ
ʱһˣ׷𣬸ī󣬾ԳԶշɶݶȥ
ؿڲ׳Ų̷ֻɶݵīһˣתͷԶعسϣϣʲôˣ
عسϵͷһЦųϵĿˣʮа˾Ǿ·ġ
·ģ
׳΢΢һ΢˼Ƭָ̺һһֻССӣʱವһֱӴ˹ؿϵĿռ֮ţīһ׷ȥ
ܾãһһϤĸо
ҡҡͷ׳ԳһЦҲֻҵĴˣ³һЦؿ䳤ϣ䳤ϣǼ̶ǰգ溦ʮأ溦ҲܶһЩݡ
䳤һЦһȵӶ׳ˣΧռķϯȥ
Ƭ֮䣬һ˵Ӱ㳹ʧ١
ؿ
عسĿ׳ϵȥתһټ׵һ˻֡
£ʮټ׵ʼæҵطؿһؿָֻԭΣһֻӬԷ
عسһһҡεسŶȥ

һߣīһһʱͣ˽Ų
ǰǿҪֲסˣЪЪɣ
ҹɫǺ죬žҵһֻưܵķ䡣
īǰΪͻȻ˷
˼磬׷ʵ
īɫ԰ףµҸղſһˣʥȪȵī׳ϣ
ס񡢶ҹˣȫһ
ʥȪȵīʣһһˡ
û뵽ھΧУīȻʥȪȵһˣңһˣ
ҿīϢñΣ⣬ΪؿīҲûа취̽īϢĻīʮа˾Żᱻϳ
ʱΪͷͨݣһɱ֮



969 α
׻˵˵ùˮ졣û뵽ھΧڣȻʥȪȵ׳ϣ
п
ʥȪͬˣԱҲʲô£ֻܹ̫ˣ
ī΢΢³һҡͷЦãǽҶһ١ȻīҵЩŹ֣Ҹҿ϶ǸһûϳĻ϶׷뿪
ԣڳһ˵ȣȫͷǡ
īųٲȻཻƣīҪ׷ɱī룬ֻҪһ仰ͻ̳īɱ
Ȼ˵īӵ龳ΪǣھΧڣֵһᡣ
عسϵľΪͲīͣοһɲ䳤ϣ
ֻҪ䳤ϳ֣īʮа˾Ž־ܣ޴ӡ
īһ˷׷ͣ½Ųʼ̷ҩһСһ߻ָԪʱ̣һֻСȫ͸ĹƳ棬ϢػգವһīƤ֮С
īֻúƱó涣ҧһ£ûʮ⡣
Ϣһǳſ̨ʱЩСһ۽ˡ
īһơ
סϷˣȫǰһ
ԼĪһʱˣ»ָԪһƻһ˵Գſ̨ÿһ˶ƣԺ

īһӣһȵǰɱ
׽
Ϸҹˣ粽ظ档
Хɳ죬һһ˵Ӱʧڲã޼ʵвԭ֮ϡ

ͬʱھΧ֮ڣſسʦī䳤ϵ֮£Բ˾Χռ䡣
תƣһ·ʮؿҺ䳤·Ļİ˾˳Χռ䣬ҲͷӬ֪δȥ
ڣһ·շת֮īһ˳Χռ䡣ʱһŨȥƣϼ˼ɾһҪصأī˫˸˸Ź⣬Ϣɢʼ²̽ԸŹκһ䡣
ƺͼΧռĹ죬ˮʯ
īԵ뷢԰׵ߣҲйĦžΧռ䣬һģͼƺҪһȫϢ¼Ӱ
ٿأīһ֮¶һĨ֮ɫţҵıƳ棬ȻܵһѪ
īɵüͷһЩĪǣ֮ǰڽ֮ǸһҲʥȪȵˣǣΪȴûһ˿һӡֻǵøоЩʶܾ֮ǰ
īأԳ
׳ϣЩܳ溦Ϊصİ˰Ѫߡ
䳤һ·ɣܿͽī˴ƬƬήǰһָһƬѪɫҩ԰һһߵֲ꣬˿̿ήƣģƺʱ֮С
īȻһӵĺ˼̼ɢ̧ͷĦһήİ˰Ѫߣզ࣬пѣӣ˰Ѫߣܵĳ溦Ѿǳˣûв´ѾͿֲģҪʮѣ
䳤ڵһ˵ȣȫɫһ¶һĨɬ֮顣
䳤뵣ǣҲ˳ֵԵɣܹܿ溦
ܵ䳤ϵȵĿ⣬īһЦһгģ˵ţһӣһҶƮ˴ƬƬ֮УֽŲͣæµ
£īԵλ뷢԰׵ߣҲ׷ײ˴ƬƬ֮УһһƬ࣬һһƬҩפãʱᣬʱһȫעģ
䳤һȹϵϣһΧתһеĿīһˡ
λ
īһлᲽΧռ䣬Բ˷ᡣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣͷ
һһѹƳֵΣǣֱӽ𡣡
īӺһת¶һĨ֮ɫ׼棬úõΧռϼ£׵׵ؽΧռĹŪ

ʵǸ
λ뷢԰׵ߣչһЦͨϵؿī顣
⣬īʱٳɣӰһӣ䳤һǰ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵ī֮ϣһĵ¾ĴƬȫ֮һ档
оųɰտ֣̻Ƚ鷳ֳܹ裬ʱ¡֪䳤ϿĵȺ򣿡
īżɽɫž޲
оųɰգ
䳤˫һûκεԥ׳ϣֻҪܹ֣ʲôҪ󾡹һȫ㣡
Ϊĸˣ䳤Ͽܵش֣ʹ䳤ļ٣ͷϵɴñЩžųɰֵīֱľݣȫȻһ˿һĲɡ
īһƣԵ׷һЦ



970 Ѫ
ҹī֮£һڵִ˳̨ĵײԽ̨ԽܹܵСʮɵĳ̨һϡƽ飬СúƲ׺һ
΢΢̧ͷԿΡΰĳֱ̨زһۿͷĿԶ̨ӰһͷϹޣ˶ɣò˵վڳ̨£ͺĺǣ̨羡ͷϣ˸оԽ
ͬʱ޾ѹѹ˵ͷ֮ϣ˸о׹̶󣬴粽СֺƱһɾ޷壬ǱѹǱ졣
һˣϡϡվھ̨ϰĵطоԼ㱼Ϊ޸֮˵ݵأɽɼͨˣǼ򵥵ıܡԾʮֵѣһɫǺ죬ҵشϢţϵطһƷ
ΧŨһůģȫµʮëףǷſһֻֻ໴ĳƴޱŨ
ʮɵĳ̨Ϊ컯ɾĺģԽҪܵѹԽֲͬʱԽõŨ̶ȣҲֱ
ͺƳ̨Ŀеӡһ仰˵ǡãҲǵ
Ϊ񹤵ĳ̨Ħ̫ˣ
ȫɵˡ
̨ѹδҲֲ̫ˣǵҪʵȥֱǳ˵Ρ
ſֲѹԭԾԾԵϷһľɥ֮ɫ
ѹʥ߼ޣǰʵǳֲ̨ѹͷͬѰһͻʬ޴档
ҹķңֻվϰԶǵϳ̨Ҫܵѹػ󡣡
촽д߶һʥֵڵѹ֮ȴ¶һĨԾԾԵı飬ǺǣҵҪһ£֪ܹϵڼ̨ף
λ쿴
ٿأһָ˵Ŀ⣬˳̨µһڴ֮С
һɺĿѪӣκˣʮļѪ֮Уһмת˵ѪڣʱһЩ޴ɭ׵޹Ưθзӿ
顭
ͬʱһķУѪ֮䣬£飬ÿһУ쳣̺һɿֲܣʥ߶С
̨˶飬Ѫͻ۳һѪӣ
ŵɫҰס
ֲ̫ˣ
Ϸզп׻˵һǿݣõ֮;ˡҲ֪ж飬Ϊʵǳ̨ճΪ˳̨µһg
ķôҸȷţʥķеĴݲ£Ҳֲ˶õʱ䣡
ҹ̧ͷ߿գؿһǧɵĿֲУҵڳ̨᲻ɴݵĻʯϣÿռը죬ҡΡ
ڳһ˵ȣǰһĻȫɫѿ䡣
֮ǰįܹ̄Ŀռ䣬Ƿǳҿֲģ˵ʱΪ⣬ĿãŵҽɫԭҪʵǳ̨ͷ˲ɢӰ
ǺǣۿӵΣգֻǱɽһǰˡ
ѪΣ󡣡
һŵúѪɫӣī벻ɵˬһЦָűڲϢѪӣ΢΢˵ѪôЩеĵ£һ˵ռ䣬ӵĿֲһ֮У̾ͻᱻռ˺Ƭһغ
˵ţīһУӱٻһʥһףѪϷȥ
ಣ
ʥͨ飬īٻ£Ϊһ⣬ƴسų̨ϷӶȥ
飡飡飡
˭룬һ̣ͱķУһζεƬţ͵һ׹ƱһεקѪеڲһॵıһĲƬʣ¡
˻
ʱȫһԼ˫
ģҿʲôʥȻһӻˣ
־ҵǣȫʥǲ֧Ż֣ƾóȻ̨˲ͽķѣ
ôҲʥˡ˭룬ڳ̨ǰȻе˵
һľɥ
΢΢˫һԲ
ò˵Լ͵ףҲûʲôգܹѪӣϳ̨
ǺǣǿģֻǱɽһǰˡΣڲ֮䷢
īһƣֵ߰գ˳ѪߣܲҵһȶĿռ䡣
˵䣬һƽըװı͵عĤڳһ˵ȣȫëǰռһ㡣



971 ʨɱ
쳷ˣ

īʶ񣬼ڵһʱ䣬ʹһӣתһεһȫƷɳʮ⡣
ͬʱѪڲһīĺڶƾճ֣СȻһ䣬˲󣬱óǧɣͬʱӿ糱ҲƵӿУһʱ䣬תɳʯ׷ɣѪˮƮڶ壬ȫУϢʧ٣δڹ
Ӳӵĳ̨˲ðࡣ
ÿֲ֮
ī͵һ𣬸ܵһɿֲɣϹ޵ѪڣҪڶڲ
ʱīȫתʥеһڤ֮ſ񱩵Ԫȫֵ
īǰ
īǰ
ʮ￪ĵطסϷֵһΣ̼סӣһĿԶī̶ϵñڶеʱһͷð١
ڱؾĺĵشûī룬һ˽粽С
ȻǵֲóȻǰԮһԼҲС
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣī뱬һͷǹâ䣬͵һʱīȫ¹ԲӲӣ貵ı֮С
ಣ
ī͵һ˳شӺڶɷΧ˳
ڶڷɿǸϽ
ī븦һѣʱһӣһ˾Ǭͬʱαӣһöǰ㳯Χشȥ
һյĹī뷽һƣشȻ֮С

ھ̨֮ĵشһ·У龳ī룬ҲɫǺ졣
һӣһӰǬзɶȻһˡ
īǰô
īǰ㻹ðգ
סϷҹ˸һ֣һĿ¶е꺮ů
īͷðһɬЦذ˰֣ڣ˵Ҳ̨֪жôΣ˰գ
ԣһͷ
û뵽龳ī룬ЩһغɥȪ
˵֮ǰڶסī룬һˣôȻûĿԡ
ʵֲ̫ˣȻ龳ĴܣЩɥ
һ¡
īǰǾͱóȻ̨ˣҸоϰ￪⣬ܲΣա
һϾ
ī˵ͷߣʣʱ䲢ԣԸܹҵһȶĿռ䣡
˵ţһͦվһȵشͷѰ·
һۣ˶ڳ̨ȫµʶҲ֪ΧռΪλᱻߴɻҪصأػˡ
ʶ̨Ŀֲÿһ˶Χռ䣬ޱȵ
⣬⣡
ãĲԭϣīһˣƷɱԱӯݣɱڡҪʵǳ̨ʿһʼѰ·ġ
Ҫʵǳ̨ȵҵһȶĿռ䡣
ݹʮɵĳ̨ѾߴϷֵΧռ֮⣬ʣµĿռ䶼ȶҪѰһʵʵǵ㣬ҪĪĻԵ
תۼ䣬һѾ˳Ѫӵķ򣬷ɱ˰µʱ䣬ϧһ·֮ϣԽԽնҪҵһȶĿռ䣬ûпܡ
ಣಣ
ٿأԶһ˵ͿշУٳīһ˵ķϯ
ãеϮ
ʶ񣬵ʱڵһʱ侪
ϣϣϣ
ʱڳһ˵ȣ׷ͳԵıһȫ裬Ŀ¶ɱ⡣
ƺʨɱ
ī΢΢˫жʱжϣ֮ϵɫȴǳϾ
ܿ죬˾ĿУʮӰʰԲΣһ˸ΧγһΧȦơ
Ǻ
ͷһˣɫʽۣ֣һ룬ȻһȮ¶һࡣһͳ׵˺ǳɢ޼ɵһ˵ɨɨȥ
ţ

ʱסϷҹһˣȫһҧŭԴԡԸ𱬵Ϸ޲ǰȥ̻
īڣû˭ûս
īϢվȺ󷽣˿һع۲һƣֶԷܹʮˣһʥĸ֣ʣµҲʥ۷徳磬еķҵıףǷ
ʣ˵װ̸жϣЩ˾ʨɱ
ɱ컯ɾĺĵشʮֵĳ֮ԽɱҲԵɵġ
ܵ˵ĵشܹߴÿһǲһЩʵǿɱ֣ںĵش߮ϴһЩͼʵǳ̨ʿòƱ⣬жʿ˵в̵ɱ¾ж
ɱָĳһɱ֣ߴɱܳơ
ΪЩɱ֣ȻڲͬߴְȴһģһǺĵشĶħͼʵǳ̨ʿʣ



972 
һʨɱò˵ʮֵòҡ
˾ӵѫ£ʶģϽβ͹
Ը𱬵Ϸƿڴ
ţ
ʲôǾĹ
ԣͷһʿɵЦһΪЦǺǣ˵ǲǾĵӣǾĵӣʨɱҲֻ·һ
ͺһʿ͵شһӣеһ̵ģķŽЯɽİʥԳϷ
֣
ֻһ죬ֳʥϷֱӱ˳ȥһһƬʺѪҺ
ͬʱһʮɱ׷ױȳȦײѪسһɱ

ǧһ֮ʣһֱĬī룬͵ɢѹͷ֮ϵǹâ䣬ɬķĴ߶£һЯ޾ԪѸײ֮ƣɱš
ʿ⧲֮£ķǶԼţѪ˺ѣѪ׷ɡ
ۡ
ʿſһѪīǿһͷϹޣһ˵Ŀ־֮飬㡭Ȼ龳ĸ֣
ŲĿ⣬īһƣ˫֮ӹһĨ֮ɫ

ֻһͺȣڵİԪƵȼըҩһ㣬һѿһʱ䣬Ѫⱬ飬һѪܵͷ­Ʊˤõһİ׵һŽԴӸ߿кȥѪģĿġ
ʦ֣
ܡʦӵʥľΪȻһɱˣ
죬龳ĴܣǸǶ֡ӣ
׷ɵѪ꣬ҵѪ⣬Ҵɱһɴţۣɫ㱣ϡ
ܿ죬֪˭ֽһԭɱڵһɱʱһȺɥȮҲƵس˷ӿǱͷܡȼѪɶݵǱֻ޵ȡ
ӣ
Ϸ͵һеʥҪ׷ɱȴһϾ׸֣Ī׷
Ϸһҧҧû³ç׷ɱ
Ϸʵ׷˲ֻʶӵɱҲδܹɱƴһӶһغ
˵ʱʱ죬̶̼ʱ䣬ʮɱڵɱȫɢʧ١
΢ḧ̲ۣѪҺѵѪ⣬ɢڴ̵Ĳݴ֮У쵴ĿŻ
īǰղΪβʹɱ֣Щʨɱһ򾡣
Ϸ߷߲ѣЩġ
ûЩһδҲ̫ˣһɨӱˣ֪ߵغ񣬼ֱ๼
üͷһ
˴ˡ
ī˻֣ҡͷɱһžĶɱ֣ڼ˵£ڲϧԱ׷ͬھ
Ȼӵ龳ΪǣҪʥļһһ򾡣Ҳôסһش롣
īҡͷһЦȫһֱɱɱСӳʣܣɱɱһĶӣҲһ
˵ţ첽ǰһУֱӴӵϾһѪ߰ߵǬһ̽С
ǬȥɱСӳΪ֮īת䣬׾ٵؽǬڲı۵ס
ɱɱϲƱɱжʿ֪СӳǬУŶٱ
īһ߲̽һ²ز²š
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽īеǬϡ
ΪɱǬе޾ˣ裬ҩĵرνӦоУֱһأ
īһüЦģٿأһӣһƿ˳֮ϵЦȻĿٺ٣û뵽һУȻŲɶõȪ
סϷҹһˣȫ־ϲϢ
Ȫ˾Բİ
𻢾ǿһȪ˳ƿһٳΪʥڵڲֹһεҪȪ͸ī룬ϧնīܾˡ
ûϵɱСӳϣȻõһ̺Ȫƿ
һʱ䣬ȫһһĦȭƣĿƵضīеƿ
īǰƿжٵȪ
촽׷ʵ
ȵĿ⣬īһЦҲٳɣֱšƿƿʱһŨҩ㣬˱ǶƢ˺ɾУֺඥ˵泩
ܹȪ
ī
ţܹȪ
̫ˣƿУȪΣǴգ
ɱռƱɱжĵӣû뵽ȴΪǿеķ⣡
ҹϷֵˣһĻŭţ㵸



973 Ƚ
ȵĿ⣬ī벻ɵõһЦעϣڲԶ˫˸˸ŹϷ񡢶ҹȴδŽ壬ƿеȪŸԪ磬ΪҲΪʵǳ̨һϡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲׵ϡ
ϷǼ񡢷֣ȫһ۵ס
˵ڳһ˵ȣȪޱȵģϷ֡ҹ벽ԪʿƾŸĸһõһȪӵŷǳİճԪ磬Ϊ˵еʥߣ
˭룬īȻԥؽȪȫʹ͸һˡ
Ϸ֡ҹĽʣΪ׸еˡ
ţȪȫʹ͸ң
ײɵһʱЩܳԴҡεغƲ˹һ㣬īǰν޹»Ȫ쳣ʲôʸ
īݵǰƿһ֮ɫȪ˵ʲôҪġīǰ㻹зðɣ
īûصһףЦȪȻ󣬵ʿ˵ЧȴѾˡ
˵ţīһףֱӽƿף˫ֱأȰ˵Ž壬Ȫ˵ʲôҪ¡Ȫʵǳ̨ǫ́ϿɵļʣʹˣνøҪڵϣ׸ҲӦס
īĻ̺һ˿ݿܵһʱЩ޴
ǣǡҵֵǣҸҪȪȪת֡֡ˣ˶ܹΪʥ߾磡
ңﻹһƬҶƬֻҪҵһʵãױܹΪʥߣ
Ѿƿһɹʥߣôҵʵᷢʵɱ䣬ʱȪҵĸãҲǺܴ󣡡
΢Ƭ̣һת֣ƿݸ˷֡ϷҹˣλֵܣȪÿ˷һΣغܹܿΪʥ߾ˡ
δ䣬֡Ϸҹˣ뵹һһĿضףǵһʶһ
ףõޱȪȻԥתֵܣ˿ûжռΪе˼
̫ڿˣ
ī벻ɵ΢΢ü촽˼£ƺҪ˵Щʲô棬վû˵ڡ
ڷ֡ҹϷֵܣƬ̺󣬷׷ҡͷƴ׵ĺ⡣
֣Ȫīǰʹ͸ıܹ
һĿɬЦ⣬ôɷ
˵öԣ
ҹ˵ͷȪ˵ʲôҪȻ˵ǶѾ½ʥ߾ıݣõһȪ֮󣬶źܴİգܹһٽΪʥߡǣ˳ΪʥߣҪǫ̃ϿɣȻǳã㣬һرϳ̨ھŸ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣ
֣⣬ֵǶˡػǻֱܹġ
ϷҲ˵ˣܷǫ̃Ͽɣ¹شһɹպһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾ壬һĻԵǷԲһĲءǣں֮ӣûȪǳҲܹͻƿʥ߾硣
һʱ䣬֡ҹϷȫûֽƿһʮֿܡ
ƿ֣ʱڰУɫ΢졣
ǡ
촽ЩЦĲҪǺǣ˵лһƬҶҪʥ߾磬׾١ʱʵǳ̨ҲܹõһЩȪȪ޹ؽҪ
˵ţٴνƿݸ֡Ϸ붫ҹ˭룬ȫɫ䣬˿ûбеȪҡ־
֮£ֻתͷĿ⿴ī룬ڹ£ҲֻīĻܹ÷֡ϷҹŤת⣬ĸԸؽ׵ˡ
õ˱ԼãһʱóֵܷϹͷЩ㲢紳׳ɽʱˡ
īһɣƺǻ£Ž壬ȻִֵⲻϽôҲǿ˳ʥ߾֮ٽȪʹ͸ֵҲ٣
ԣײɵ˫һ΢΢תͷЦŷ֡Ϸҹˣãҷ˹Ҷ˳Ԫ磬Ϊһʥ֮ҲҪҵ룬ԷһȪΣ
֡Ϸҹ΢΢һ㶣ü֮Щ֮ɫȲӦҲ
ϴԾʱֵˣȫΪԪ磬ΪһɫʥߣǽǶô飿
ûȷ֡Ϸҹ̬ѾȲ³һޱģ



974 
ֵһˣһ컯ɾǵû죬ΪԪ磬Ϊ˵еʥߣ
ҪǻصУǿ϶Ƿ⣬ٹ˽ڳޣһ˰ˬ¡
ʱ뼧һЦ
ã¾˵ˡ
촽תͷī룬īǰҾȫԪ磬ҪȽıУ
ԣīһЦ˵ͷ˵յıҲЩƣˣҲʱЪЪˡ
ȻȫԪ磬ôǸɴΧѰһƧ֮ءҸ㻤Χ򣬾û˵߶ţ
īƶ˽жĿꡣ
ʱ׵ͷһЦ
īһӣһɰֱӽ׸˱УһΣƾʧԭء
ЩСһҪҪ뱦磿
īбһϷҹˣĵʵ
ֵһۣ׷ҡͷīǰǴ˷컯ɾǱ̬ģǽ뱦У϶£磬͸īǰĵشҲܿ۽硣ֻҪīǰչˣ
ī룬ϷҹּˣȻҪþࡣ
żֵһ֮ɫīҡͷһЦνʼ
ٿأīǰ뱦Ž塣һŽʲô״ҲиܹӦӦ
ԣī˫һΪ͵ؿԸµѵģһҪúñ֣Īи˵ţһ䣬һεֱӽ˱С
Ȼ˵īıУ׵һһȫīƿ֮Уһ߻ħ״īһܹڵһʱ䶴졣һī봦ս֮УԷֳչˣʱһվ롣иҹػԣҲһϡ
߰գ
īһӣʱһȵسΧɱȥ
߶
Ϸҹ֡ׯƸһˣһ磬ҽǣԱɱظ档
ХãĲԭ֮ϣһ޼ʣ˱ǣ£ȴû˵ҷɾ裬һվ֮С
Уһ޷ɽϥɣ΢΢˫һֱӽһƬҶٻ˳
ʱһŨҩ㣬ӿڱǡ
ҹ֡ϷˣƾŹҶ˳̤˰벽Ԫ磬񣬸һͻƣΪʥߡ
̷һƬҶ֪ܹһٽʲô磿
֮еĹҶЩڴ
Ҷīˣȥ֮Ĺ⾫һЩĹҩҪѵãһܼɣ˷ҩ
׾ҪҶеҩĻꡣܽҶҩȫͷų
ಣ
ٿأһٻӰƾճ׵ǰ
ţ
̧ͷһƣ绨һƣã㲻ɾʲô
һ⣬ЩߵشףЩע׵˫ۣ׵ʹϸҡ˻ģ
ףһС
УлŮ֮ȫȻͬ
һ۵Ůżĳݡ
ҲһŮھ˵ĸм
֮Ҫĸǳѡ
ˣ㲻ùңֻͷҴһԣԲŵġ
峺Ŀ£Щ޴ĸоһδµŮֶ֪Ķţ׾ÿɰҪǡҪʲôҪ󣬾ܷԸ
һƣЦʵƬҶܹ֮ʲô磿
ԣɵ΢΢һһʱü΢ƺ˼һ⣬½ۡ
ʮ֮СҾöҲܹʥ죡׵񣬳һĨɵǿš
ţ
Ҳܹʥ죿
׸еʮ־
Ȼ˵ףԡѪ֮ȻƿҪԪ磬׾٣ˮɡҲ̫һٽ찡
ΪʲôΪ
׸оЩ档
ΪΪɲһٽʥ죬Ҿö˱Ҫһ򱶣Ҳܹ̤ʥ죡
һ·ȭгģ˵һȻ顣
ױȾˣ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲôԱ˫߶ڽɫѪγһεʼ𲽵չҶеľ

ʱһεͷɿؽҶ̺һ˿˳ȥֻһ㾧ӨĹ㣬ϵشӹҶ֮зӶөһƤػ׵ԡ
ȫʮëףڴʱ˿̣һֻֻ໴ĳһſ˱žҩ
ܿ죬һ˿˿ů˳׵֫ٺϵ׵֮У׸оɾ֮У˵ˬ
ûгãδ澭еһ˿˿ůͷɿػ۳һȪҲƵӿ׵֮У׵ĽƤ֮سײ
һ׵ƤͿʼ˺鿪
һ˺ѷΣʹǵĸо׵ļ⣬۵ֱ£ʼգûкһ
ױʥҪʤһǣȻᱻ׵˺ѣ
֪Լǣһ顣
׻˵
׵ǣȻѾޱȵüͣȻſĿռ䣬֮׵ǣܹһΣ
һٽʥ߾磬Ǿܹһʲôľ磬ٲȻѾΪһţ



975 ϵ
ಣಣ
ī֮£һ˾ԳΧش񱼶ȥҹ֮󣬴һƬľïܴ֮С
һ·֮ϣ˲ٲ۵ޣǱīɱˡϷҹֵˣǴԹսзŹ⡣
īŻ˽ŲʼѰһƬƧ֮أΪʱŵ㡣
ʱֵϦ£Ĳùԡ
𡭡
ٿأһ￪ĴУ͵س죬һɿ񱩵ʥ˷ϯ糱Ԩƺŵøķޣ׷׳ԶӶȥ
ৡ
ʱīһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫסˡ
쿴һϵ
־
˷׷ѭȥֻһ߰ǧ׳ľھ֮У޾İƣϯɱڡ
û뵽Ȼһ壡
ϷһƣҪ֪ӵŴѪ壬ǱȽټģںĵشҲΪϡ
ϵɲǵ֮ҹƣӦʥ۷徳Ϊ
ҹŻİʥϸжϡ
ΪͻȻꣿжŹŹ֣
ī΢΢˫˼ţԵɺ֮£龳ƿ龳磿
ֻߣǷʲôĵر
һˣīʱһ
̶̵һյ蹤򣬾вٵޣҲƵشīһ˲ԶɴܶȻǱŵò̶ֻӵġ
飡飡飡飡
ͬʱ֮ϵĻ͵ſѪڣʼȵףÿһףһöڵ˲佫ïܵĹָɲƬܴյһƬͨ죬ͬյһ㡣
ˣϵ϶Ƿˣ
Ϸ촽һпϵıףʵҵıҪ߳üΣ
ŻϵףϷһп
ߣ˺󣡡
һֱĬī룬Ϸҹһһ
£ڳһ˵ȣī󣬿첽Զɱȥһ·֮ϣСϢ±¶Ŀ꣬Ĺ˳
ಣಣ
ȥīһ˵Σͬһ㴩ڹľ֮УײβԲ
Ϊķɭִܿͳ˷˿ԲĴ֣ҲƵȼţ죬ž졣
īһ￪һɽʯ᾵ļɽ£פԶĻ
ģΪǵгҪˡҪƿҪһǳȦӣΣϵֱ⣬ʧȥֵڻ
΢΢ü
˭룬ʱһʱ⣬￪ĵط𣬺챦۳һѤöĿĲʺ硣
ৡ
ڵһʱ䣬īһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˹ȥ
ʲôʱ⣬Ī챦
ϷԸ꣬һ۶ɵĲʺ磬ʱ־ϲ
ѹֻƴףԭ챦֮ǰչʵĻ޸ɢ
ҹʱéٿ
ûв´ʱ⣬ʮа˾滨ݣ֮ɢ㣬硣Ҫƾ滨ݣһٳʥıݣɾ֮
ī΢΢˫
֮䣬챦Ʃǰ챦⣬ɫʺ硣
īǰ¹ʲô챦ǲһǿΣ˴˫֣°Ȼ
ҹϷֵ˵Ŀ⣬ҲƷȣһڴī롣
Ȼÿһ˶ҪĿøոճ챦
á
ī΢΢ͷЦ챦֮ʲô֮챦ã
һƣīʱһȣΪһ⣬Ϣس챦ĵصɱȥ
ҹϷһˣһĻŭŵؽ
ͬʱԶʣӰͿշţӰһɫشԿʽۣٲȻͬһš
΢ȵǣӰ龳ΪϢо壬ɱ
ˣ÷ͷʮָ̬һģһƺһֵ̥ͬܣиһɫǹǹⰵɱ
һˣģ۽Ǻʺ뷢԰ףͣһģһϵ̣ϵرŷ
īڳһᾪȵط֣߶߶ͷɢߣȻǾŹŵĹųϣ
ӣޡ
ųһ̣һһ·һϲЦտһΣɽĵӼʵǳ̨λֱֻҵҡĵشû˵ǰ߶ţ
λһģһӣһӣЦųϴԲӡɽǾŹŵķϽȻŸ߲ӡ
˵һûòɽĵӣֱŵΧռʵǳ̨ѾǳھˡֵܶǰҲ֮е顣
ӡֵܣһ˵Ļһֲ˸о˸һ˵



976 ǧ
ųҡͷһЦǺǣܹϷĽ飬ɽϽѾϷϲĪˡڽΧռ䣬ǶȻ顣
ϾΧռ¹ش󣬼ŵӽУҪϽеɽĵӣҪΧռ䣬ֱʵǳ̨ǾԲܵ顣
ų΢΢һЦ
ųȻɽĵӣھŹŵϽǣҪΧռ䣬ǳ˵Ρ
ʵϣǾŹŵľӣҪΧռ䣬ҪȽ볤ϵı磬ȵһ·շתΧռ֮󣬲ŵԴӱг
νı磬ںηŵһŲֻ֪Ӹλĳ֪
ھŹŵ˵ɽĵӣҪİһЩΧռ䣬̽ΧռôãھŹŵӰ콫ǳӡ
ԣڲɽĵӣҪʵǳ̨ΨѰȶĿռ䣬ʵǡ
ҪԵ
⣬Σճ̶Ҳֱ
ڹųӵһ̣ܲ㣬ҪҵһȶĿռ䣬ʱѰʿҪ߳ࡣ
Ϊ˰ȫŹŵĸ߲㣬ǲӡֵһ·ݣ˵ǳֲվĻǲʲôΣյġ
ϾޡֵܣڵھʮŲ̨һʶӣǫ́Ͽɵĸ֡
ţ
ٿأų˫һضԶʵ⣬쿴һϵ
ৡ
ʱӡֵܣǾĿԶ
ƺ챦
ʲôޣһʱĻŭţߣɱȥ챦
ٺ٣ûϵǴ˷ΪȻ˻Եˣ
޲ɵһЦ
£ͷ˫ֵ̥ܣԻûһ⣬Զȥ
̵Ĺųһ·󣬲ͣش߶̣ƺڰвǱڵΣա
ͬʱ￪ĹľУīһ·ɱһȼճɷɽ֮С
ţ
쿴ʲô
Ϸһ·ȼѪɱһվʱ΢΢˫ɽбƵһɫֲꡣ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵˱ɫֲ
һߵıɫֲ꣬ҶϸһƬƬεҶƬעĿǣڸĲλһĸӡ
ӸģܲЩ֮ͬ
ǧΣ
īĿһӣֱ׼ȷжϡ
Ϸҹһˣʱһ־ϲ
ǧΣ
֣֪Ƿ
𣬺𡭡
˾пĵڣвٵޣͬıһ·շתɱɽȵش˶ƺҪǧθռΪС
ϧ߮ڸ߿еĻвϵף˫һǿĿХ£γ쫷磬ûһɽȣѾʬҰˡ
⣬ǧεΧһεĽ磬ػǧΣȻǻõǿ硣
Ŀǰ״ƾһЩʥ߾ޣҪӻжȡǧΣȫǳ˵Ρ
ϷҡͷһЦīǰ²˳٣ϽְգŻûиǰսپ
īͷһЦ߶Ԫͷϵһ˸˸Ź⣬һǵɱϯ˵ϢɵΪ֮һϡ
һɱ
ī΢΢˫ʾױȵġ
˭룬ûīʹɱ֣׼һɱԶУس۶ӰÿһӰ·̺ſ񱩵ƣɱڡ
ৡ
Ϸҹֵˣȫ񱩵ƸעһĿ࣬ȥ
ã龳ĸˣ
Ϸͺȳͷ䡣
ʲô龳ĸ֣
ԣī벻ɵȻһռвϷӿĿԪϢǱڹУһ죬ֹ˰͵Ϯľϡ
ȵԶеӰһ·Ӷ˵īưռһ㣬һ˫ӵɵúһ㡣
ţһȻھŹŵ
ǸϷӣǾŹŵзĹųôҴν
īһһضˡ
ûϵڲã޼ʵĺĵشȻھŹŵˣīֿЦõĸо
īЦõǣյˣȴҪոճǧΣ
īǰ龳ĸ֣ھŹŵ
ȻˣβǴһк
񡢶ҹϷһֹŹֵĿ⣬ī롣



977 Ӥ
ţ
ųϴк
īϣʱ¶һĨɬ֮
˵ҵˣ컯ɾд⡣Դ˳˳̨ϿɣΪŹŵѡ֣ҵݵλҲˮǴߡνһ˵õȮ죬
Ǹʱ򣬹ų󣬱ҵ˺ظܾˡңųҲǷ֮Ȼ໥ʶûʲô顣ԣûкıҪ
īһһʮطңԴ֮Ҿͱ˾ŹŵŹŵΪ֮ףΪʥȪȵͨҪ˷¶棬ǻǸ
ԣϷҹһˣʱéٿһײ
īǰǺãĪҪŹų϶ȡǧΣ
ϷЩ߷߲ѣĿⲻϵǧš
ΪһǧΣ龳ĸΪУԲ֮٣
ī΢΢˫עڹųԵλͷʿϣɵõһǹų϶һǰҵη壬ϧųϵԣ˳̨Ͽɵĸ֣ңһֵ̥ͬܣʵ춯أҾԲǶ֣
ϳӡ˵֮īɫʱ쳣Ͼ
ʲôһȻǻ˳̨Ͽɵĸ֣
ھʮŲ̨УܹҲֻоʮŸʶӣһܹռʵԲС
ʱҹ֡ϷˣɵһɫҰס
۷׷֮ʣǷӶӰȻһƷΣŻɱ
ء
龳ĸɱڶɵðһɤгһĨûз˫һ񣬾ԴӸ߿и£ǧΧĽ磬ҪһڽǧθѪУԶ߸߷ɡ
¡¡
һ⿪ʱһضɽҡ˻ţĿ鷢ˡûȻһڽǧθУ֮еǧΣ͹תûһԼĪߣֺԲཱུķӤͷһҶƬɵķ٣ʮֿɰ
ֻӤѽѽعֽһŴѪڣٿһӣ֮У̼ʧ١
ȥƽãûзתļ󣬶ӤȴӰʮֹŹ֡
ţ
ô£ǧξȻһֺӤ
ҹĿࡣ
֡ׯƸߵˣҲһɴţۡ
ǧѾɾˣܹ
ī˫˸˸Ź⣬쳣˾ݣ֮꣬Ȼ̲ЧҪѰǧθ߳ʮֹ
ܹ䲶񣬱˵ͻʥ磬龳ĸ֣ܹͻƽĪ棡
ԭ׼ī룬һʱЩҡҷ
һ˵˾ǧΣ˵ĹЧҹϷֵˣҲզпΪѡ
ϧǧΧĽһǧλûɵķӤͶ֮Уʧ٣Ҫҳס
ǧξȻѾɾΪȻ콵Եۣ
ٺ٣ǽ˾ĳθץסֵܵľΪƱؽٳ߸ͷһ
ֵܣ˫֮ų˹ʡ
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱеǹֱΪһɫ̺һɽĿֲƣֱѹûã¸ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ̣ɫͽ˺Ƭһʱ䣬Ѫ׷ɣһɺѪ⡢ɭ׵ĺǣӸ߿еһȥеĿġ
ӡ޸һֱ֣ӽʥ۷徳Ļɱˣûһ˿һˮ
ʵǻ˳̨ϿɵĴܣӵеʵ
ڹеķ֡񡢶ҹһˣĿɿڴҡҷȫӡ޵ʵסǡ
ųϣɢͷѰǧξ䣡
Բܹߣ
ӡתͷųϣһϾ
ųϵʱظĵ죬ģֻǧθոճ죬Ҫǵģǲܵ飡
˵ţӡޡųˣѡһ򣬿ʼɢ޼ɵѰŵص׿ռеǧξ
ãųҪˣӣ
ŹųϵϵӿҪī룬īʱͺһһӣһεԴīϯ
ϷҹһˣҲûзֻһΣƽʧ١
ಣಣ
£īȫ߶Ԫһ·ڹеͿշУһ㣬շתŲѸס
ӣӡ
أûīӳԶһֻ۰Ӥʹӵص֮һ·ײײسԶӴܶȥлϷӵ



978 ʱ
ৡ
ʱīĿһֱӱӤסˣţǡǧξ֮࣬ī뼸ûһ˿һԥһӣһɿ񱩵Ԫϯֱӽǧξ˱ڲ
ۣۣ
ǧξѽѽعֽ˼ڸոճΪ֣龳īǰһ
ԣī׾پͽǧξ˱С
Ǻǣû뵽ǧξǧξȴҵĻ
׻˵̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡾һۣҲҪпһ䣺˳ϲң
īһϲ
ಣಣ
ͬʱƴؼӿŲԶһ·Ϳշɳ۶ȥ
ڵı¶ݣī벢ȫתԪľٶȣѸݡڹųϵɢٶȣҲ죬īδ֡
ͬʱڲ
Ϸҹһˣһ뱦磬ȫĵһüͷ
Ըīǰܹ˳ӹһ٣ǲұųһ˸ˣƱؽһһĶսʱҪǳ˵Ρ
ڣǶҪᣡ
ҹ֡Ϸˣһ
λ뵣ǡ
ۿһֵɫѿ񵱼Ȱοīǰսεǻ˳ţһҲܹ׻
ԣҹϷֵ˵ɫԺתһЩ
ۡ
ʱһƤɰӰƾճڱУ˲˵ע
ţ
ǡǧξ
ৣڵһʱ䣬˵עȫһֺӤϣÿһ˾ǵһ־ϲ
ģīǰץסǧξ
ֹֽһ
ٺ٣һ£û뵽˲ľ֮£īǰܹץסǧξͶذ
ϷĿ࣬Ӱӣֱ˷۵Ӥ
ۣۡ
ӤʮֽƻһϷɫƵԼʱѽѽسԶߣʱ֮Уʧ١
һʱ䣬ǷһˣЩ޲ߡ
죬ɢСѰ
Ϸ֣СѾīǰıУҪߣǲܵ飡
֡ҹˣɢƴѰǧξӰ
磬īŲתϢڹش󣬺һײβĹȡ
ţ
ѾѰôķΧˣΪλûҵǧξӰ
߿УȫѰĹųϣٿؽŲһ٣ͣѰתͷԶޣӡޣǿҵǧξ
ըף̺һưԪԹĤ֮С
εҡҡͷ
һСǧξ죬ȫѰӿٶȣ
ųϵͺһٶȴ߶ȫѰ
𡭡
ٿأһǵĺХǰʮ￪ĵطƽ𣬶ʱ˹ųϵעĿ
ģɲһͣ
Уīһ·Ϣضӣ˭룬ȴһһ״βסţһʯѨеĺߴҶ¶
һˮ״СͷɭɭټѪھԳīҧƺҪһڽī븹С
ǧһ֮ʣīǱܱͷϵݵһΪһϬ⣬Զ˺ˮװСͷ
һѪɢ£ضǣһȳ̱ǵζ
ûϵһϢԵʿȻӵһɱ֮ǰغХһǻĲʻɢ
ãˣ
īһɱͣŲͣһ·ɳۣһ룬úȻһ鷢ˡһİǿͻأתī͵һ飬һ
£ī뼸ԥȫתԪڿն𣬺һöŵڵΪһīڹ⣬ԳԶӶݶȥ
ţ
һ龳ĸ֣
ų϶ȥһ˲жīľΪӺһתƺжϣѹ˷Բǧĵ򣬶ûҵǧξټҿһ龳ļһʩչĳֽǧξˣ
һˣųϼûһ˿һԥ͵ɣڹ׷ȥͬʱһһݣش
أء
ʱ̼ľ˷￪ѰӡֵܣԥسŹųϵķ׷ȥ



979 ֵ
ģųϾȻ׷ˣ
ɿȽİɱī벻ɵøһҧɫУΣҶҪӳ죬һӡ޲סƱؽһ
һˣīѪҺڣһɹɿֲܣڱһʱ䣬īȫ±磬һ
ٶȣǰٳ߸ͷһ
ʲôһٶȣȻһ̨ף
ȫ׷ϵĹųϣһīٶȲʱھ٣֮ľԽԽ󣬵ҧ⣬Ǭһɫķ׭һﴮľѪڷ׭֮ϣָ͵سīȥ

մȾ˹ųϵľѪɫ׭飬ԻΪһƼ⣬˲˲Ϣǧī롣
ʯ֮䣬īӦͱ˸š
¡¡
ֻһɽѰıɫ׭һī룬ͷɿȼգһöȼ˵ߵڵҵرը
һʱ䣬īӰȫѪ֣񱩵ҲƵϯī͵

īƺһһѪɫò԰һƬģȻȼѪ׷ٷӣҪڶʱڰѹųϣ½ǳˡ
ȼѪ׷ٷһʮķ׭ܹľѪϢע˵֮УֻҪһУʱڸ˦ϵϢ
Աζ
ϧīȫ֮УûʱͣԱһӭģǹųϵĲɱ¾
ӡֵܣҵľԽԽˣҪһ֮ߣĻһӡ׷ǰҵʵֻ־ܵķˣ
īͷ৶£ĺļʡʱ䣬һī룬͵ѽѣ˫ѪɲʵڲУֻƴˣҴҲҪǧξ
һˣīʱתйͨ硣
ڣ֡ϷҹˣӴܵķӤΧ׷½أΪһ˺ǧξǧξҩԣ֡ϷˣһֱûҶ֡
ŷӤƵļԭ׼ͷŸĶҹҲͷ
ۣۡ
ӤȻľ֣ʮֽƻϴʩչ÷֡Ϸһ۵ùǺ
ϷЩΣҪ֮ʣӤٿһƾձڰУһƱ˵˶
ţ֡Ϸҹüͷһ塣
û˸еȣһ̼쳹ϣըס
ɲ壬Һ̽ǧξ뱦У⣬еˣȫɲıУ󣡡
ʮ֮һᴩһɽ壬ʱ򣬻ὫɲҵıͷųӽǷֵϣܹط֮գ
īħڶϣԭЦ׷һ˵ȣңһɫ̣Ƶúȹϵϡ
ʲôīǰҪԼնųһ
һīǰƱؽһպҪط꣬죡
ûīǰɽƾǵʵҪΣصĺĵشڳ˵Σʵǳ̨ˣ
֡Ϸҹ˾ɫ

ɫأһͲµī񴦾ΣҲҹѯʣһץסǧξǿԼıС
ţһӣһεϯֱӽϷҹ֡ƸߡׯһˣҲ˱С
ಣ
Ųתڵɽ֮ۡ
ϴ󣬶Բסˣ
ҧҧ͵س֣һεѸ۳Σֱӽչ׸УһҲ˱С
ҧŷ۴Ứʵ֣ǲʹɣ
ĿһɫϾس뵣ǣһǾܹ˳գ˵ţһӣһεϯ޵滨Ҳ˱С
ţȫ裬Ԫӿʱ׼
磬īֱһ׸ߵľ޷ֱײȥᶨ

ֻһʯɽѵıīһĸֽǣӲڰɽײһֱǰᴩɽһ
ţ
ųüͷһ壬ЦһҪɽ赲ҵߣҷֲķ򣿡ҡҡͷųϸоʮֵûЦһЦҵȼѪ׷ٷѾЧƾҶڱѪĸӦ׾ֱܹȷķ򡣡
ವһų͵ذθ߷и߶ȣ̶̵һɲǣҵɽ֮շתУͷī롣
С֣Ķӣ
ųըףٽǧξ׳һܹ󷢴ȱһ·ǻڤ粻һУȵ֮󣬶ɢó



980 ɷ
ǺǣδµëͷСôҹԹԾͶ
īЦһڹųϵв˿û⣬վ粻֮࣬컨׹ӿҲԲ
ī֪¾ԼͶǧξ׳ԼҲһ縺翹ף˵һ
ãųȻ㣬ȴûϵɽһˣǧξҲҵС
īһƣʱ͵سһٳ˹ʯ᾵ɽϷϯȥ

ųϱһһī벻ˣʱ̣һӻͳһͺ«һа׳ĺ«ͨ͹šƿһƻɵ̣ʱ
һɽҰȫɵ̸ˣֻɵ̣һ㣬ɿسīķ˶ȥ
໡
Ŀǣ̵ľͷͷ̻ûɵͷƾ۶ɣһ㹻ɣ׶ɱڡ
ȻֻһͷѪȴһΣУƺԵһͷͷϹޡ
ţǴ˵еɷ̣
ī˫һɽҰ̣ʱһãһܹ̾ûһɷ󣬵ʱұһþ֮Уζ޷þ
һˣīʱҪͳ֮ǰɷ
Ȼһ̣ī޿κεһĻˡƾīηӣǰһĻԶãã޼ʵ̺īо㱼˾죬ȥƣ׹ڤ֮ء
ٺ٣ɷȻΣ㲻УҪѳǳ˵ˣ
ųЦ߶߸ͷԳīɱȥ
໣
ʱ׶ͷƾ۶ɣīɶƺҪһڽīУ̻
ǧһ֮ʣīѽѣ˿٣ڵ޾Ԫտķˮһ㣬ҲƵӿӿ˶ͷ֮ϵ֮С
ˣˣ
ʱǾҲһɰɱϯƺ̴ܹ񷡣
ɱ
īһȡ
͡
ֻһ̶ƿ죬ǣ͵ػƳգЯ޾ʥɱ֮⣬سͷ׶ͷȥ


ֻһıԴ˿һööڵѣͷ׶ͷ̼䱻Ǵ͸ͷ
ʣͷұ
ۡһųһΣѪӿЩһѪӿ³Ҳƶߵķݣڸ߿ҡҡλΣƺһʧ㣬Ҫ׹ƶˡ
ӾȻһɱͷף
Ҫ֪ɱ̿ҺķսѼǧԹ飬ɣ֮߰꣬ŷܳ߾ףյγɻþ˭룬һ֣͸һף
ų̣١īԹƿһɱˡ
ƣ
Źųή֮ʣī͵һ֣ջأţȫһīڤ֮УһΣʹɱ˳
ţ
ǡһǣ
ٿأųǷʲôһ˫һգգضīͷ֮ϵǡ
̺ʮ⣬ƺĶ
ųϢ٣۲תʹĻ֮С
ųϣ
ųϣ
ʱӡֵܣ½ϵ˹ųϵߣһĿеŹųϣΣҪǸ㻤ô
ųɫҰףͣã͵һĴȣˣʥȪȵͨҪǾŹŵ֮׵ġī롯
аϢǡҾûв´һõī룡
ų߶߶ҲƵ
ųϣ˵ʲôʲô֮ף
ţǴ˵еī룿
޾ɫһһɴţۡ
ī룬ӡֵܣȻҲİ
ī룬û뵽īȻܹ񣬻ӵŲʵ
˵īҲ棬ǵͷ֮ҵǧξֳҵɷ̣ô֮䣬ֻܳ׷Ŀɳˣ
ųɫתͷһԹģӡޣһͽˣϣܹɹʥȪȵͨҪ׽ù鰸صʱʥȪȣٲͣ
ԣֵһۣظĵֱ졣
˵л˴֮׵īôǺǣֵܣˣ
ӣֱݹȥһһңʼȫйī롣
ɣñøЩա
ϯɱī벻е֮ϵ֮ɫȴĿ



981 ڤ
ɱ
ɱ
ֵܣ龳ĸֶ֣ǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӡ˵ӣޣīܹĴڡ
ֵ֣һסī룬ôīҪ˳졣
ڤ
ż֮󲻶ϱƽӰī΢΢˫͵صͺһʱīıڲһڤɽӦѣ޾ڤ糱һ㣬ӿī֫ٺ֮С

ʱīӰȫһɹīڤ֣һڤظڤ񣬸һа̵ĸо
ȥֻãã֮ϣһīĺһţޣ׷תԪ֧һ֣±Ũҵڤʴܴˡ
ī룬أҲǵħצ
Ц
ţֵܵٶȣȻһأöڵԻƳգīȥ
˭룬ֵܣ׷īһɲǼ䣬ĿһĻˡīӰȻŨҵڤ֮Уۿӵٶȿʼڣ١
ţ
ʲôīʧˣ
ӲɵȻһһԼ˫
˶սĸ֣±ɢʼī
ಡ
ֻһ̶ƿ죬ȫڤеī룬Ȼû˾̬ȥֻһī֮һٶ֮죬ʯѸס
޲Ȼһ
ī״ڤϢҲƮ첻׽һ⣬пܶʧīӰ
ǺǣԱһڤɽ壬ʩչ˽ɲڤӡǫ́Ͽɵĸ֣Ҳδܹ׷ң
ûһƹ̵ī룬аЦ
ī˵еÿһڤɽ壬Ϊī˺üĳɹΪ׷ɱڤɽ壬ī˵ҲѪˡ
ಣಣ
Σôѣ
ڤ֮кԭմȾġȼѪ׷ٷϢҲȫʧˡӣҪǧ׷٣ѶҲˡ
ӡ޾һϾ֮ɫ
£ƴתԪѪҺڣһ״سī׷ȥһī֮زز
ͬʱɽϿգųһĲҰ֮ɫңԶеһĻ󣬲ɵõһʲôīǸһȻڤУӶҵȼѪ׷ٷ
һҧųϲɵ΢΢˫ī룬ΣǶҪǧξ⣬ҪͷǰʥȪͣ
ųȫֱ¡
ಣಣ
ٿأӹųϵڣ԰ټƵӰÿһӰǴʽ۵꿡㡣
ųϣǲɽо˳ƿ׼ɽ٣
ͷһ
ԣųƲɫԻЩ촽ǺǣоҪɽôãһϲĺ¡
˵ţһУӰӹųϵıϯ飬ƻȳһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ͽɽȸ
ȥǧӰÿһӰͳһʽۣܷ
ݼųϣ
ݼųϣ
ǧӰһΣڵأųҾиǷɽХɽ𶯡
Ⱥ룬оӰϥר־رĿǱޣڵԪ˳һ㣬ӿֿҪԪơ
еӣ
ųϾһӣ̽ػɽٵӣ
˵ţһУ֮ٻһöö죬ɽ֮УдʣһһĲá
ڲɽǧӣٻԵıһŲתһƺƴɱСĵؾ˷Ǳڵв
ɷ󣡡
ųٶͳһټľƺ«ɷٻ˳һɽȾɵ֮С
ȻɷֻʣͷޣҲѰʿҴĴڡ
Х￪һ޷ڲ˲һǰͨĿУϢöҶֺȵīӡ޵ӰʧԶʣ񷽲ųغһһֻɽһ㣬Ľŵأɿسɽһȥ
һ̽ɽڣСع۲Χ
ٿأͫ׽һգգض￪ɽȣ촽ҵģûпգЩһȻڲɽĵӣ
ңǧ֮ڣ
𶯣˵ľ



982 ͬʱɽ
֣ôˣ
֣īǰĴΣ
ڱУϷҹֵˣһȹϵϣ֣ھ١
񵱼һӣֱӽϷҹ˸ٻ˳
ಣಣ
Ӱ˲ڼԣһϢҴ
īǰʩչһֽ޵׷ɱ֮£ȫӣѾǧɽˮ
һ˵īĴЩ˸С
ϷҹˣҲ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ʣīǽԼն׷ˣӶü˻Ļᡣ
Ըīǰܹ׻˳شĻǾǹҲѰ
͵սȭͷ
࣬ţīǰһط֮յģ
ҹһƶ
λ쿴Ǳߵɽȣ
һָৣʱֵܵĿ⣬ȫһ˲ѭȥ
￪һƬɽУȻǧʥӼУÿһ˵ϣڲɽʽۣ뵹һ
ǲɽⲻɽʥӣȻҲ˺ĵش
Ϸ
ⲻɽĵӣʮа˾ǾŹŵϽˣ֮ǰǲδɽĵӣǲڹųϵıУ
ҹһզꡣ
ûϵ컯ɾĺĵشȻ˲ɽңǧڣƺƵ
ڲɽʥӣĵ
ⲻɽؽ컯ɾַʥӣʵϣֻһֽ赶ɱ˵ַɱ
ʥӣΪڻҡΪɽĵӽ컯ɾ·Ϊʯ
ԭΪɽȻ˶ڣǧ˾ۼһҪĵشҲǲ̫ܵ顣Ͼĵشգʱʥ޴ɱ¾ƾŲɽһʥӵʵΨҰ³
˭룬ⲻɽȻ˾ŹŵŹŵĹųϣԸɽĵӻݣĵش׸ʮа˾ǳų̨ġ
ϸɽشһٶˣѾԪ磡
Ϸʶ񣬺ܿͷɽһٶʥߡ
ৡ
ʱ֡ҹ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳһ˲䳯ɽȥһٶԪʿʱ־ŭ߲ѡ
ⲻɽĵӣоŹŵĹųȫЯٶȣȻͬ죬ȻѾϰӣ˳Ԫ磬Ϊ˴˵еʥߣ
ɫΪޡ
ǻǵϰʥͬʱɽٵľһĻô
ٿأҹʲô˵īǰƶϣͬʱɽٵϰӣпھŹŵΧ֮СʣͬʱɽٵϰʥӣЩڲɽС֣
Ϸ֡ˣȫͷаٸн
˵Դӽ컯ɾʼʼգʥӣ벻ɽĵӣͲͬһˮƽϡǱ֮ǧ
컯ɾУûʥӣܹ벻ɽһ£
ߣֻҪ˳ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣôӽһܹ֮컯ɾʱ򣬾ʹ˲ɽ컯ɾоްԵĵλˡ
ַ߷߲ѡ
۷׷֮ʣɽеľɽӣͷХһһɿ񱩵ԪͷֱҡػΣ˻
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱ֮ϣƾ۳һյĽƣܹ߶䣬ÿһƣЯſֲϣƽһɾη֮顣
һ׳Ľףڽ֮Уž죬ƺʱ¡
쿴Ҫɽˣ
ϷǲɽľŸʥӣŸʥУƺֻ߸ӵž޵츳ܹϲԽ׽٣
ԸЩС֣ȫ׽֮У
ִ˴˫֣ҧгݵֵǣһǧѷҪǰʹɽеĲɽӣȫ׽ٷΧ֮УһһܹòٵʥͻȪ
δ䣬ҹ뼧˫һЩȲ
Ī³ç嶯
ԳĶҹæӣֻвɽһػңҲˡǣǿûУ龳ĹųҲڣҪʹڹųϵƤӵ£Ч˵ɱ֮
īǰƴȡһҴĻᣬɲһʱ嶯ƽ˸Ե
ҹһϾ
Ϸˣȫ޿κε̾˿Щʡ
ಣ
ٿأٻӰƾճ˵ǰһ֣ǽˣƺѾ˳˹ҶҪɽˣ
ʲôҲҪɽˣ
ˣ
񡢷֡Ϸҹˣȫ´󺧣ͷˢˢֱ



983 ɫ
ϷҹһˣϢϢزɽ֮еһɽУʲô±ųϲɱ֮
˭룬ڹϣ׾ȻҪɽˣ
ʣһɽ٣ôԼıǿȣܲˣʮа˾Żʥ֮£Ӧѡʱ򣬷ǵ˳ɽ٣¼ҲҪǣһغ
ԣҪ׸ٻɽ١
ǡ
һôôʮа˾Żųϵע⣬ʱһųĻ죬ɱףôڳһֵܣȫû赲
ʮ𼱣
λץʱ䣡
һ̳Զˣ
ǧһ֮ʣɫǺ죬ߴٵֵܼǽҵıУȫѹֵԪ־Ӷɽٵʱ䣡
ҷɳ㹻Զľ룬ٽִӱٻжɽٲ٣

ಣಣ
£ϷҹˣһΣ˼ıС
ͬʱ͵ҧ⣬߶Ԫ״سԶӶȥΪųϵעĿһȫɶݣһ߾ֵͿշУɽ赲ߡ

ȵȻɳҲͺһרҲٻ˳
ʱһɿ񱩵ʥ糱һ㣬ϯӰһöڵڵͿӦХ
ţ
ԶɽУһƾ̵ĹųϣɵüͷһƺӦһǿԶԹųϹвԣųȫȻû⡣
¡¡¡¡
֮ϣ߶ѸۣܿͽƬڵʵʵĽףڽ֮شž죬ƺƴ󣬺ǧս
ɽشڲɽǧʥӣɢɽΧԪһʥߣǴڹųԣһĿ˸˸ϲЦտ
ųϣһоʥӼΪʥߣصȵʵǳ̨ʱܹõȪҲࡣʱ򣬿϶ܹռٵȪ
һͦΣ꣬һЦ
ԣųΪȻص˵ͷŹŵΪǣʹϰٵȪһǵʵɽϽչ׳һ棬ҲһͶʡ
һΣʵǳ̨õȪҪȫ׸šȻˣŲֻ̫̰ҪܹһٵȪ͹ˡʣȪȻǸռУ
ų촽ͨ˵ʥ߾ʿֻҪ츳ܹһͿ˳һ̨ףӶһȪܷϸ̨ףҪԵ컯ˡ
һٶʥӣǲɽһڵУ츳Ϊ׿һϣǲҪʧ
ųϱ˫̧֣ͷңŸ߿е׽٣΢΢˫
𣬺𡭡
ԶУвٵ޺ϵشҡҷ龳Ĺų򣬵Ҳûʲôɵǵġ
¡¡
ڣһ׽ٽ£ܹ׽٣ֱ߸ʥӺҶȥ
ʥӣһն֧˻֣űȫֵ
һ׽٣⣬ȫֵ

ų΢΢ͷʥڵһֵı֣ΪϿɡ
ХԶ߰˰￪ĵط͵һԾһ޷֮ۡ
֣ѾѹƲסˣ콫ָٻգ
Ϸֱ̼
񲻸ҳɣæһ䣬һ˵ȣȫٻ˳
ʱ˵Ϸ֡ҹˣڼǰׯƸߡˣҲɫҰס
㣬ǡʲô״
һľ֮ɫ
˵ˣǱ뼸֣ǿѹԪ˭룬ǵûгɹƷ˳ȥˡ
ϷһĿɬ顣
֡ҹҲӿЦ
ɵΪ֮һ㶣ҡҡͷתͷϥӵס

ʱ˿̣ھ޷ۣ֮޾ĽɫѪʮëӿ۳һƬ󺣣ɽʯѣ˻
޾ı⣬׵ϯ˸˸Ź⣬ΪĿ
Ϊѹֵǣ׵Ȼ˰ɫէһʮͭˣͭһ㡣
죬ֵǣᷨ󣬸ֻ
Ϸߴһ
£֡񡢶ҹˣһæҵæ
Ϸɽ֮ϣһɱ󣬶˵ȣҲ½һ󡢷ĩˣһֳַȫػڸλʱֵܳΣ
Ȼ˵ûоԸֵػ£óȻںĵشɽ٣Բ֮٣Ҳò֡ϷҹһʥӣҲֻӲͷƤΪ׻
ֵ֮飬ѪŨˮ
˵龳Ϯ֡ϷҹˣҲȴһ



984 Ыĳ
ټɽ֮УХܲ
У߸Ƴ۵ʥӣһܷȫתԪӦʥ١
顭
ûʲô϶ʱ䣬ڶ׽ٽŽ١
߶յĽ֮Уһ׳һֵĽͬǣڶֽף̺һǵʥѹȵԴϢ͵صͷ£ƺҪɽ֮˺һ̲Ƭ
ȣ
ƴˣ
ɽ֮Уȫɽٵ߸ڲɽʥӣһҧأ߶ŸԵıȫֵ
ϣϣϣ
һʱ䣬˷ŽĻǴĿġ
ˣƾʤһķоյضɹ˴˽١Ȼȴʥӣ½ܵ׻һѪҡҡ׹
һʥӣؿڴֱӱһڴСѪƤⷭת׹ɭɭĲֱΪ֮һ
˻
ʱԹ۵ǧɽĵӣ׷׵һΪڶɽٵͬʦֵһѺ
ⲻֻǵڶ׽٣ѾЩ֧ŲסˣһӣҪ˳ɽ٣ѾΪˣҪ׽֮Уר͸ˡ
ųϱ˫֣ɫҰףȫɽٵĵӣЩʧ
ͬʱ߰˰￪һ޷ۣ֮ӿĽɫȻ׵ľ޷ûһɿ񱩵ƣƾնҡػΣɽѡ
ڣԭƽ֮ϣٿȻӿ糱ЯһľףƳ졣һת۵ĹվͳװҹĻһ㡣
ÿֲ׽٣һһ
̶ֳȵ׽٣ֲʮа˾Żųϵע⣡
ҹЩ硣
ΣǶҪػңȷ˳ɽ٣
Ϸҧأ¶һĨ֮ɫ
¡¡¡¡
̧ͷȥһ߰ɫףī֮شЯһɿֲʥľอѡ
ټɽУų벻ɽǧڣȫעͬʦֵܶɽ٣ٿأһͻҡػΣԶ֮ϣͻأسһīĽƣһɫ״УƺƴգǴӹģжϣҪȲɽӵĽҪֲöࡣ
ֻһ¡¡¡¡ǧսƴƣɽϿյĽƣȫһεĴڣ֮
ৡ
ʱɽ֮еһ˵ȣȫͻĽƸע
ţȻڶɽ٣
һͦε꣬ɵüͷңӶɽٵλӦþǲԶƺǧ֮⣡
Ҳֲ̫ˣҲ£ڶʥ٣
ԸҪӰ쵽ڶɽٵʦֵܣҪȻɾˣ
ɽǧڣһ۷׷ס
ڶʥô
ųɫһݣ΢΢˫һϾԶеĽƣĿ䣬öһԡ
ųϣ
꣬Щ಻סˣæ飬ƣǵľҲ̫ˣһڶɽٹУҵĻʦֵɲӰ졣Ҫųϳֱ֣ɱɽߣ
꣬һſڣùųϳɱˡ
˭룬ųֻ΢΢ҡͷֵ԰ꡣͨ˵ǲ໥ŵģȻڶʥ٣ķΧҲʮֹ󣬵ǻнǧľ룬ȫɽ٣ΪΨһһϣ򲻿뿪
ңһڶʥٵļһҲиԻóȻֻ֣Ҫ鷳
ųԵʮֵݣڹų˵߸ڶɽٵĵӣϣ˲ųҲδؾͻ
Ϊ˼޹صĵӣȥ¶ˣųϿûôɣ
ȻˣΪչ˲ɽӵЩųϲû˵
ۿųһ䵭ؾܾ飬ſڣֹƬ̺޿κε̾һͷĬ
塣
ͻȻųϳ˻֣˼ĵӣǰȥ̽һʵסĪ¶١
ųӺһתƺʲô⡣
꣬Բɵ˫һǲʥӣسԶĽƷһ·ϢطӶȥ
¡¡¡¡
˵䣬׽Ӧ䣬ʯ䣬һӰһһ̲࣬ȫߣƣֻüҺһƶߵķһ㣬Ӹ߿е
ɲɣ׹ķǹųϵͷϿա
һССʥ٣ⲻˣ
ųٿɫһ䣬Ҳ͵һӣһεԪϯֱӽͷ׹µĲƬ
ֻһһʱѪƮýڵķѣһѪģͷ­ֱӱƷɳǧԶ׹֮С
˻
ŹųϵľٶڳһڵӣȫľųϵǿһͷϹޣ̺һɾ֮顣
ˣʬкռȻصţᣡ
ɫء
ַҲˣα˷ֱӶڻĽҰˡ
һڵͶĸĿ⣬ųҲʱسѵ壬壬ǲɽΪõһϣܹеľȫͶ֮УҪ²ƽ˷˴껪
δ䣬岻ɵɫһһʱЩ޴룬ҪӦЩףֲΥֻ޿κεشͷ
վΧǧɽӣܵ˹ųϵĮ̬ȣһеĺɫࡣ



985 
¡¡¡¡
յĽ֮УһˮͰϸϵ羪ף͵ضͷҶ£ЯһڤĻϢƳ죬ʯ䣬ڳ˻㱼оһƺҪӵ׸ɣ
֣
֣
ҹϷֵˣȫ鲻Խؾ
ɽ֮ϣ죬ӤڵȫⱩ͹˿ٵףأϥһبŴʯ˫գһ
ֻ䡭һ죬ˮͰϸϵ羪ףȫ谭غ׵֮ϣ
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһᵽɤ۵λá
ûϵһֽףӵֲˮͰϸѰʥӣԵֵʥӣ⧲֮£µһʱͻᱻɲƬҷ
ӵŽ壬ϰˡǷ֮ƾӲ˵һ׽١
ৡ
ȥϵ羪׺ףȫ𣬽壬ȫûһ˿һˡ
ʱȫĿ࣬һһκˣ˷
һ˿ֲ׻Ȼ𣡡
ĩˣϷҡͷԵ³һڻ
쿴ڶֽҪˣ
ٿأ񾪺һ˵Ϊ֮һ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫڵһʱ䣬˽һϵ֮ϣ߰ϵ羪Ѹ۳Σÿһ˵ͫȫѸٽһҲƵسԶӿ
쳷ǧ׽ٲУ
Ϸһ
֡ҹƸߡׯԣæ˷ɶݿһػİΧȦҲ˲˲١
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
ţˮ״ϸϵ羪״ÿһϵ羪ףȵһֵϵ羪Ҫ׳һȦ⣬Яһ˸εѵĿֲʥϵ羪׵ѹ֮£ͺ̶ֺƱʮǳ־ٲάĸо
λΪҪȫ裬㡾ְأǧܷģ
ŭһʾˡԶʱشһ޺ٲȻ׶ɽʱĶһЩ޵עĿ
ʱ˷׷Ŀ⣬һɢȫǱڵвûһٸĶ⣬ԵУȻϰ£ΪװһѺ

ָ䣬ϵ羪״ǧһ֮ʣһֱӵףһǸոմӳ˯֮شһǷ
֮䣬һɰ¡
ʱĿһĻˡˮ״Сϵ羪ףȻֱӱ׸˿Уƾʧ٣
ͻһĻɶͷԣ
Ҫ˵ǳ׿ƾӲ׽ٵҲˣ˭룬׾Ȼϵ羪׸˸У
ʲô״
Ҫ֪ʿ˵Ϊģһ׻׾ͻķѡ
Ŀĵڣ˫Ŀת֮䣬һɫһ˯ú
˵ţһžıŽӣһϵߣ׵λ߱ѡ
ͻһĻȫעŵһʧ
㣬㡭
ƸҲЩ˵ˡ
Ǻǣ׻˵ղĿ࿴ң˳ƿ˵ǻȻһ£ͬͭϵ羪ܹģ
һЦվչ˼ֽţͶ֮䣬ʾһױȵġ

̶׻ǵʱֱ
֣ǴΣаվɽ٣ץʱ䣡
̼ɤʱ׶УȻˣҲҪ֮òʧ
ɫһɢ̽һΧīʧ٣Ⱥɽӣʱһ˾㤵޺ʱһɫء
īǰأ
ʵ
˵īǰǧɽˮû㻤ǧ֮⣬һ龳ļһǻ񣡡ϷҡͷЦ
ţһ龳ļһǻ񣿡
촽ɫ˲øأԭһúôĦһϵ羪̺ʥȻҾ͸ɴֱӶɽ٣רˣ
˵ţವһΪһɫĺ⣬Գ֮ϵ׽ϯȥͬʱ۳һƬĽɫѪӿյĽƣƺҪƸû
ʲôҪľѻ᣿
ǺãҪ֪һʥ˵רشרֵʵһۿ۵ģ
ϧȣҲֻܳ²ˣ
Ϸ֡ҹˣǿһ



986 ©
ಣಣ
Ӱشڳɽ֮䣬Ϣسڶɽٵ׷Ӷȥ
ڣԼĪһʱ䣬Ųɽʽ۵ʥӣһǧ׸ߵɽۣ֮ĿԶ׺Ȼһ׸ߵľ޷֮۶ɽ١
쿴ɽٵļһ񲢲ڶʥ٣
һʥӣ΢΢˫ϸĦƬ̣ɵþ
һʥΪȻص˵ͷһľ֮̾ɫԭΪ̶ֳȵ׽٣һڶʥ٣˭룬Ȼֻһϡƽʥڶʥ٣
ڲɽʥӣȫеһ󵨲ľ
ûϵһʥٵƣȻܹʥ٣ɽʥͬʱɽʱ߶ƣ׵ʮ֮һ
ʲô
ͨ˵ֻ츳׿ʥӣڽʥ߾ʱŻ١츳ѪԽǳ׿ôҪԵǿȣҲԽǿֲ
ܵ٣ʥ١
ʣ׵Ѫ츳ǳܹᲢۣǲɽʥӣǰҲһεĴڣ֮
˻
ǺηʥȻܹ˿ֲʥ٣
ڲɽһʥӣ鲻Խصһ
쿴
ԲԶһʥӣһ㵵ָػɽ۵һɫ۵꣬զྪǸһƺڽɽһϷ
ʱʥӵĿ⣬ȫһ˲۵Ϸϡܿ죬˾ȷϷݡ
ΪɽһϷеΪģĵӣв˶ʶϷ
һɽһϷǧȷ
ʥӣϸϸعĦһ֮󣬵ʱһпûϵϷȻܹ컯ɾĺĵش˸е˼飡
˵ϷŽֵܣ˷컯ɾǸŽң˵Ž᲻ڸ
԰׳ʵʥӴ
һˣʥӵʱĿ磬ƴɽ֮׵Ӱܿ죬ǾͷڻĹҵķ֡񡢶ҹˣȻȴʼûҵŽӰ
ֱһͨ쳹صֱʥӵĿˢˢؾ۽֮ϵһɫӰ֮ϣ
˻
ԭڶɽٵļһǴ˵ʮĹеһŽ壡
ѹֽǶʥ٣ܹôƺƴĶԭǴ˵еŽ壡
ʥȫĳȣ־ϲ
ߣȥ
һҪϢתųϣǹųܹ֣ôܹ׽Žһһ򾡣һǲɽУҲһЩͷ
ʥƬ̣վϢҪԭ·ء
ʼգΪһ·٣ҲûбϷ˸֡
¡¡¡¡
Ȼʱ֮ϣȫԡף·һ㣬͵سһߵĵ֮䣬ƾĵԼؽɱƣأһֻһſƺҪеϵ羪ףȫ븹УΪʳ
ͬʱ׵Ĵ߶֮£ӿȵĽɫѪеһһ㣬յĽƣƬ̣īĽƣͱɫ˴룬ƬգԭһƬýӲӣ
顭
ͬʱɫѪϵ羪׷һҵײһɽѵıԴ˿һſʯ޾˷ϯÿռ˺ѣ𵴡
䣡
ɲɵǣһԺʥڵɽ֮ϣʱǧ׵ɽ̮̳ɽ֮Уһܻ⣬ֱֱӡ
֣
ȣ
Աܣʥӷɿسſ˻֣ػǡ
ৡ
ٿأϷӥ˲ʥӡ
ţڲɽʥӣ
Ϸɫ䣬üͷһһǲɽ̽ӣ
һˣϷʱ»̼æ߶еʥֳԶʥʮâÿһâ˸˸ʮƺҪ˶ɡ
飡飡
ʥ⧲֮£ֱӱĻҲ˴룬һɫ࣬Ѫ
ģǱ¶ˣ
죬ƴҲҪɱȥ
ʥҧأϷ״ĹƣܲˣһӴܡ
ҷ˲ɽ̽ӣֵǣһ֮
ϷһʥӺսʱֽŻңһ

ҹϷԶŲһתϷԣһ·ɵʥӣһӣ׳һ߰ӡ
ಣ
ֻڰһţûʥӷӦͽһʥӸ廨
ϧһʥӣۿʱȼվѪҲƵӴգۼ䣬Ӱģ壬᾵ɽʯ֮УʧȥĿꡣ
ɳ
ǧһ֮ʣ̸ֻϵһӣֱ׳һɳ
ʮɳÿһɳһأͺһŶʱը͵رը˲ըһټľ޿ӡ



987 ĥ
ɳÿһһŶʱըռ䣬ըĲƬʥߣҲѿ⡣
񣬼Ϊɱһɽʥӣֱ׳ʮɳֱӽԲɽȫըһ޿ӡ
޿֮У̳죬һ
ৡ
Բ﷽ԲٲȻѾһɳ޴ʮа˾ǽɽ̽Ӹը÷ˡ
һơ
̽û˵ضǾ֮أǱ뾡뿪ǣ
ҹһ硣
˵û
ҹһУ֮Сڱ廨ʥӣѱɳը÷ǣҷˡ
ڹؼʱ̣Ϊֵܣɲܹɾ裡
кڳһ˵ȣ»ص˸Եλá
¡¡¡¡
ʱ֮ϵĽƣͻȻ˾䣬ĿֻڽƵشƾճһټУһϵ羪ɫѪںϣγһĺڶ
һֲĺڶһھҵת֮Уһεϯһǧס׵ľ޷𣬾Գźڶɶ롣
ͬʱɽʯľҲӿ糱ƽӻ뺣һ㣬īĺڶϯ롣
׵Ӱȴƾʧ١
˻
Ϸҹ֡ˣһĿ࣬һ𾪵̧ͷŸ߿еľզ಻ѡ
ʲô飿Ƕʥôôƾʧˣ
ڶʲôĪǿռѷ죿
ģڶ֮Уǧգ
ڳһ˵ȣ׷׳ſֿ֣ںڶİͬʱ־ȡ
һߣһϰ﷽Բľ޿У̳ʮٿأһѪģͷӻҳ֮ȥȻڲɽʥӣ
һʮɳıըȻû
ò˵һ漣
ޣҿһ벽ʥİ׹ߣĻͱըƬˣ
Ѫģͷſ³һѪˮתͷһ׾޷壬¶һĨԹ֮ɫ
ಣ
һ̣Ѫģͷ޸;ԻƳգŹųڵɽһ·Ӷȥ
ɽϿգһεķ󣬲ϵصֵӿ糱˵Ŀ⣬ȫԶĿֲ׽ٸסˡ
ҿǰɽΧ˷󣬷Ļ϶ܲ
һԶĶɽߣΪ
ͬʱڳǧڣҲ۷׷ף˽
ųϱ˫֣΢΢˫ۣԶ׽٣о壬ɲţƺǴͳϵʥ٣һּΪĸоǣָоʲô˵
ֻǣɽ֮ˣʮֹŹ֣ƺӲ׽٣
ųϰ˼š
ಣ
ٿأһѪģͷ
ϣ
ڵһʱ䣬еıһ̶죬ضżͷ
辪ţԼˡ
ųϳ˰֡
ųϣѾɽ֮˵״
ѪģͷɽΧͣһưǧս죬ֱ
ŶǺηʥڶɽ٣
ųüͷһ׷ʵ
ö˵ֻʣһͷļһһǱԷӶɱ֮
˫ȻѾôڶԷʵбҪһ˽⡣
ν֪֪˰սʤ˵ľ
һԷҪǿڹųϣôޡδع£ųϲݱ塣
ɽٵˣ壬ңڶʥ٣ֻʥٰˣ
ѪģͷһſڣòɽǧΪ֮һ
ʲôɽ֮壿
ʥӣ
ĸʥӣӵ˿ֲƣ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˲۽Ѫģͷ֮ϡ
ǺųŽ壡
ȵĿ⣬Ѫģͷ֮⣬ڻĹҵķ֡񡢶ҹڽɽһϷˣ
ЩһǿҲʥ߾ɲ弧ˣȫֻа벽Ԫˣ
ѪģͷҲӣͽܵһ

ʱڳһ˵ȣһȻ󲨣еȫֱ
ģûգŽȻ˺ĵش
û뵽Žʥ٣ƾȻʥǴ˵лĹʮеһĴڣ
ٺ٣ŽǿڹųǰҲֻϺзֻҪųϳ֣Žˣֻ·һ
ųϳ֣ǲɽʵ˺սҲܹŽһɱ⣡
ڲɽǧʥӣһ״ɱȻ



988 
ڲɽĵӿʥӣȻм˲컯ɾеľڴڤףܹ컯ɾʥӣʮһ
Ҵʥӣǧˣ⼸ǧ֮Уܹڲյ컯ɾ˳ģʮһ
ʣµļˣһкպʥӣں
ǡ
Щ֮ӣҲûĵشʵǳ̨
⼸ûпܵ顣
ǲɽĵӣ˶ڣӵڣҲóȻĵشڹųϵĴ£ӡλ֣һ·оյزĵش
סϷҹˣǿֻʥ߾磬ƾʲôĵش
һͷʥޣȫû
òɽĵΪ档
ܿ죬ڶĲɽӣ˰ɱ⣬Ҫҡ
˵סϷҹˣȫں𣬶ڲɽ˵һǱڵвܹһնݳڲɽеľƣĪ档
û뵽ĲɽӣȻʥӣҲ˺ĵش
Ҹе棡
ųüͷʱһӣ壬һȶɽٽǰȥһ̽ҵҪһĳϣҲʼϽˡ
ų뵱ȻΪһ˿϶벻ɽһǱߴеһձˡĻȻлᲽ컯ɾ
ԣʱͷ˫֮оⱩ䡣
ٿأԶ֮УһټĺڶѸ۳Σͷųһɿֲһ޷𣬷ԲﷶΧڣһۿӵ壬ȫ𣬱֮ϵĺڶɣֻһ鱬ȥԶһƬãտյڤ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ֮еһغڶˡ
ţŽٵĽƣôͻȻһڶˣ
Ȼһһľ
ڳһʥӣҲ۷׷ףΪ
ʲôŽĪ˵еġ챦磿
ų΢΢˫͵ؾ
δ䣬ڳˣȫΪ֮һ׷׽ע۽ڹųϵϣŹųϵĽ͡
ܵȵĿ⣬ųɤӣһһʮʥ٣ʿ˵Ҫⲻһ飬һͨ˵ո̤Ԫʥߣ֮УĦר
Ҳ֪ܹרʥߣͬʥߣҪǿһΣ
ųϵ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ӵרʥߣʵ֮ǿԲѰʥ߿Ĵڣһ㣬Ѿγ˹ʶ
Ȼ˵רһǧѷĻԵǣ⻹ǶɽٵĹУܹõԵ
ٿأųϻһתɫϾࡣ
˻
Ϊ֮һǵһ
Ϊɽʥӣڳ˴СĿȾĹżʶ㣬ͷһųۡ
ڶʥٹУȻбרҪԵ飿
Ԫ磬ΪҪģǻʥרõռ䣬γһأ˱磡
ųϿ
˼ص˵ͷ
ȷʥ˵ҪԲԶʵϣԴӲʥ߾֮󣬱һʿ˵һս
ܹԼı磬һƶ⣬һ磬һǬ̺ǳɽӴ󴨣ôΪߣܹƿصķҲ͸Ϊǿ󣬶ܹõ棬
粻ɳԸǿһ;еҪԣҲһЩ
ǡ
ողԪʥߣ˱磬ҲһƬɵ״̬໥֮ĲಢҪɽֲľޣҪķѴ񡣸ڱһЩıˡ
īıУڤһڤɽ壬ÿһڤɽ壬ڤ԰ڤīսŷǳİѾΪīսеһ֡˪ıУǧߣѩɽӣǧͬǲɶõı
һУҪķѼѪֿɵõġ
ոʥߣûлӱлȡ棬ƾű磬սˡ
֮£רҪʵõöܹ࣬Ͷս˵ʤ
ƺܵе֮ɫųһƣĵҪǵǣЩĹţܹڻԵɺ֮£ʹ죬ӶǿںһִĿռΪСһı磬͵Էɱ䡣
ı磬ΪǿںһִķԣȹԣѰıܹᲢۡ⣬һֱַӱӵ߸ˡһڱӵ˵պ߾磬õĴ編򣬽սµͨǴ顣
ųһ
ȫ׷ˣÿһ˶״񣬶ڱ챦޾
챦磬ܹǿںһִĿռ䣬̶ƿһִķ
ʿ˵Ƕôջ飡
һı磬ʮֲȶȻܹǿдӴаռһֿռ䣬˲ţ
ɫǺ죬
³Улڶʥٵʱ򣬴ʹ˶Ҳָ
û뵽ŽһȻõôһǧѷĻᣡ
ųɫӡ
˻
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫΪ֮ȻһŵصţۣĿࡣ
УܹʹҲָ˵ÿһǾޣǧŵĴ϶ԣϡȴ˵еۣҪٵöࡣ
ĸʣʹ䣬ѶϵȻȫһϡ
˶֮УҲδܹһˣܹɹʹб죡
ûϵŽȻڻԵɺ֮´ʹ˱䣡
ֱһ漣
ζʲô
ζףǧţʷָĴᲢۣΪ˿ڿڴ̵Ĵڣ
УһҪֹŽ壬˳ʹ죡
ٿأŭһ˵Ӷ鲻Խز
ûŽûĹʮеһĴڣУֹ㽻ѣŲٵĿɽǲɽһв˳ʹ䣬ôǲɽв͸ӿֲˡ
ΣһζҪŽɱҡ֮УĻȵŽ컯ɾгȥص壬϶䶯ʱ򣬿»иȫҪɱڣǳ˵ˣ
ʣѵһλᣬһ׷Ī
һʱ䣬ڲɽʥӣȺ鼤ܣһԶеĺڶ˫ѪѽѣĽʺޣͲýɱ֮죡



989 ڶ
¡¡¡¡
Ⱥ鼤ܣֱʱ̣֮ϵƣӦɢΪԶеĺڶ˲ûˡ
ԭڲľףҲΪޣƾʧ١
ͻһĻڶɽٵʥӣΪ֮һһ޴롣
ʲôˣǵĽƣôһڶˣ
ǵĽʧˣǲѴ֮ͻ˶ɽٳɹˣֱ̫ˣԭҵʵҪ˳ɽ٣Ǹ߿߸˿ǳԵɺ֮£˳ɽ٣ֱûиˡ
ޣӱ׼ģʧҪҲòˣģһˣ
߿ڶɽٵʥӣȻ֮󣬶ͻ¶ָзŭģҲижģһ㡣
ʲôŽĺڶȻƶˣҪ֪ƿǴ־˵ֻһδʥСˣۼĴڣҲóȻԤ٣ĻֻΪֲĳͷ
ǣΪʲôƱ֮ûиĽƳ֣
ضŸ߿ٵĽƣһʱĿࡣ
ڳһʥӣҲĿһоû˻ġ
ı磬ѾʼǿаĿռˣ֮٣ɱϲԵ飡־ҲԲ
ųһѵ촽˫һգգضԶеĽƣ˵ˣƲûʧֻǱڶһռ䡣Ž壬ȻǻĹʮеһĴڣҸҿ϶Ҫ˳ʹ죬ʮһ
ڣǾ͹ȥŽһɫƣ
ųϴһӣʱһȵڿն𣬾ԳԶһ·ϯȥ

ʱ߿֮鶼Ӱкüǧˣƻȳֺ֣һ֮ƺƵɱ硣
ǧ˵Ӵƣٶܡ
һյĹڹųϵ֮£һ˵˳˺ڶ·
ãųϴˣ
Ϸʶ񣬼ڵһʱ侪
ৡ
ʱҹ֡˵Ŀ⣬ȫڵһʱ䣬ѭȥųϵ˵һ˲䣬ÿһ˾һð
⣬ųڶ벻Ǻ¡ҪǸϾɱǵʵûз
ҹɫ԰ף١
ޣһ龳ĸôƴˣֻҪǻһҪֶֹɽ٣Ͳܣ
񱬺һڵһʱϯʥҲƵϯ˻ռ䱬졣
ǺǣСǡ
ųϳ䷭ɣһ·ɶ֮ЦⰻȻǿڶɱڣȻվԭһҹĿ࿴
ǶǵӲ
һƣųʵ˵ɣǱĸձˡ˭Ǹĵشģ
˵ţɢʼΧ
ùų΢ȵǣ֮£ԲǧĿռ䣬ûʲôֵһƵĸִڡ
ȻϷҹֵˣûиػҡ
ųϣ龳ĸ֣Źŵ۳ϣѵҪΪһô
˵ȥҲ±Ц
ǰһ
һſڣ䳰ȷùų²̨ס
С֣ƾ粻֮࣬ҲӰҵǣҵΪ
ųһǳЦһʱЦǰϣǿһɵĻƿСű֮ɫҽգҪɱ䣬һ򾡣˵û˻֪˽֪Ҳ޾ɫ
ųϣըף̺һɿֲʥҡҷƽһͷݵĳ嶯
ȷУϷҹֵˣǿɽʥӣҪӺҪհǰ˺
ǣ컯ɾУųȫûй˼ɣҲ赣Ϸ֡һʥӵıɽɱ컯ɾѰ鷳
˻
ۿųһɱڣɱĺأϷҹֵˣһһ¶֮ɫŸԵķٷϻ
Сǣȥգ
ܵϷеľ֮ɫųЦһ͵һӣһټӡЯԿܵĿֲʥҲƵسϷ֡ҹ˺Ҷȥ
ƴˣ
ն
ɱ
һʱ䣬Ϸҹֵˣ׷׼ԵıҪŤתơ
ϧΪ̫еˣȫһƸÿѪ߹ǴϣһҶһ㣬Ʈɣ߿еغڶС



990 ĩհٵ
ҪҿҪ֧Ųסˡ
ĪҪںڶ֮ˣ
ɽ߹ǣţӾҲŹǵġ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣڹųϵӡ֮£ȫشѣһɿ񱩵ʥϯ֮£һɨҶһ㣬ֱӱƷ˳ȥֻһŽӣϷҹһˣȫټغڶС
̧ͷȥغڶԽԽ󣬿񱩵֮Կܡ
գۼ䣬񡢶ҹһˣʧ١ֻʣһټĺڶ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ųһͳɾ
ٺ٣Ϊųϣһ֣ͽںɱˣֱһֻֻһд⡣
̫ˣ˳ɱһǲɽ˵Ҳһ
ڳǧʥӣһϲЦտ㵸
ųϵ񣬼ȳ羴־η
Ǻǣ׻˵ƽȮۣƾűǿɽûаԵϧ컯ɾֻʣ¹¼ҹˣǰֵһᣡ
ųһɱһ֮ŰȻЦ⣬ʮɡ
ųϣڶܴܲݻ٣
ٿأӺһתųһʮյĽ顣
׵ıڱ죬ܹݻٺڶʮа˾Ҫһغڲɽ˵Ȼٺòˡ
ҵģ
ųնƮƮٿأһ˫ɣһöö»ɬķ׭Ʈɶ˵ǰط裬һֻֻ쵶ʵĺһּĻþ
ʱ䣬ϰö׭ӹųϵ˫֮һ㣬ڹųϵδܡ

ٿأųϱһϰö׭ʱ糱ҲƵسźڶķȥ
ͬʱһɺ޾ѹѹȵڳǧʥӣȫһһ
顭
һ̣ĿһĻˡϰö׭źڶڲϯȥڹųϵĲٿ֮£ûȱ񱩵ֱڶһֻֻƴСķ׭Ӧ˿
һʱ䣬ҡػΣɽʯѣ˻ȥһƬңڤ
ڳһΪ׭е𾪣ΪƴСķ׭֮ǿ׾ܹըһʥߣ
϶ԣɳ¡
Ŀǣųɵķ׭ӵſɳңϰö֮ࡣ
ϰö׭ͬʱըɽХذԲǧĿռ䣬ƶҪ˺Ƭ޾˷ϯ
˻
ʱڳǧʥӣȫһضصĺڶ˫һգգ

ڶཹĿע£޾˳˺ڶڲһҪ˺գһȫӿ˺ڶڲƾʧ١
ԲǧĿռ䣬Ҳȶࡣ
ţ
ҵҪƣŽı챦磬ܷܵסҵġĩհٵ
һƣųϱ˫֣һµڸ߿ⲽʱбźڶе
ͬʱڳǧʥӣҲ׷׾۽Ŀ⣬ȫעضźڶ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأڶҵزǳϵطһЩѣɽХĿֲ죬ȫһ
λ˺ڶƺҪˣ
ųɢϸ̽һɫøϾ
ಣಣ
ʱڳǧʥӣ׷״߶Ԫſ֣˷˱ܿ
˭룬ʱ
𡭡
ֻһͻأХƽըһ㣬͵ع˵ĶĤ֮Уţһȫûɵͷںڶ룬ײеѪڣէһеëȻȫ顣
û˾ͷѪУһֲ˲˹ųϣƺһ㣬ùųѲá
ţʲôÿֲ龳磬Ȼѣ
ųͻأظеһɿ񱩵Ƹһ㽫Լ廨󣬽ţռԪʵľѪȫҲƵӿ׵Ѫڣ

ܡ
ųȫز״ڵĿԪʼ޹µ´ܶ鱬졣
ʲôˣ
Ȼһ
ãųϺ񱻺ڶסˣڶŽı챦磬һʥ߼СӣȻܹס龳ĸ֣
챦磬һ컯ɾĿռ䣬˴ķδؾͲܹɱ龳֣
ӣųϵĴ쳣ˣ
ڳһʥӣһҡҷ



991 Ѫ
ԭһʥӿֻҪųһ֣Ҫڶֱ׾ٵ飬˭룬龳ĹųϣȻصĺڶסˣڵԪѪȫɿţҪ˶ãͻһغ
ڳǧʥӣȫеһǰδеĿֻ֮顣
죬һ֮
ųȫźڶеףԼڶ֮Уͬʱǧսսʥӱȳ
δ䣬ǧʥһһ㤵Źųϡ
龳ĹųϣȻҪһʥӵİ
ȻųѾɽˮĵزˡ֮£ų²ߡ
ʥƴҲҪųϾȳ
һȣ嵽˹ųϵǰһסųϣƴسΧ
ҿ׵Ŀֲֻ֮ԹųһˣĻոһҪڶ֮С
ಣಡ
ʱǧʥӣҲͬһʱ䣬뵽Ӫ֮УһȫתԪһ֮

ܵһɻǧʥӵİӳԼϣųϵʱоһᣬ鶯˲١ҧ⣬ʩչһֽطʼȼھѪ
Ѫ䣡
ֻһڴų͵ſһ磬һﴮѪɿ۳һټġ䡱ֱ֣غڶеȥ
ֻƳգƺȫܺڶĸţڤԹ飬һֿ顢ĸо
¡¡
ֻһƽըװıɳ֣͵ӡ׵Ķͷ֮ϣʱǱȵβ͵èһ໲ҽУҲȫ۶ɵףҲһ˲䱬˿
ۡ
ױѵһ˲䣬ǧʥӵʱжһȺ˵ʱسźȥһʱһƬ֮С
ȣ
ųϸһ˵ʱ鶯ݣವһһֻèҲƵسԶȥͬʱһӣһεֱӽǬ֮С
ಣಣ
գۼ䣬ųˣѾǧ֮⣬նҵشŴһ£δģ

̧ͷȥ֮ϵغڶһҵĲ֮𽥻ָȶڲ֮һɿֲٶϯɨΧһС
ұȥˣҡ
֧ŲסˣųϾ
ӣ
ʱһڲɽʥӣһſ񱩵˺֮״س˷Ӷݶȥ
һʥأжξ룬ʥӣ֮յشغڶ˳һɫ԰ף㱡
Ҳʥӣұֲ֮קغڶ֮УĪ⡣
ʥӣ̼ᣡ
һ̼ʥʱ»̼ըףֱ
ʱһЩδʥӣȫˢˢسų˵ķӶ
ԼĪһյĹǧʥ¼룬ÿһ˾ɫ鸴ӡ
һΣΪ˾ųϣʥڲɽһʥ˵һ޴ʧ
Ҳ֪ЩڶʦֵܣǷ񰲺ã
⻹ö˵϶Ǳ˺ǧƬ
Ž壬ʧʦֵܣǲɽˣ
ȺУһʥӷ߷߲ѵţеĳޣȫ׵ϡ
Ȼ˵ɽʥУҲһЩʥӣԹųԹԣǣųжڲɽӸλĳϣȻû˵ҳԲѷ
ԣ֮£ǻķŭк׵ϡ
¡¡¡¡
ֻһıغڶչٶȣӣһǧɵĿռѷ˺˿׶Ѫڣ˸εѣΪ֮Ĳ
˻
غڶĿֲƣȫһ
սϣô죿
޽ü壬һʵŹųϣѵҪʹ˷Žıб죿
ųϳƮƮɫž޲˿ϲŭ
ʱ˿̵ĹųϣѾӽڿıԵ
龳ĹųϣھŹŵӸλһƹŲɽϽ˵δһƬ˭룬ȻЩŽɥȻùųϸŭ
ǣųٷŭٿ꣬ųҲٶغڶͼˡ
Ͼ׼غڶУиӿֲ鷢
гˣغڶѾ𽥳ΣҪƻסңĿռѷ죬ԽԽ࣬һУڳ˶Ҫһغ
ų޿κε̾Ϣһгˣ䣬Ž˳˱챦磬ٳֽɱ٣



992 ؿռ
ԣڳһʥӣȫ봹̾Ϣ
ˣȻҲֻ취ˡ
ЩʵǣųϷ֮䣬ɱ˶ҹϷһˣֵŽʱ򣬷ǵûһóѣ෴Щ
һʥΪޡ
غڶҲ̫õʱ䣬ҪôڱĹУұ飬ʹŽһغҪôŽ˳һı硣
Ž˳һ챦ҲζţŽӵܹ龳һϸµʵ
ʵϣغڶγɣֻǴĿռʱַײݱ䣬γɵĲŽ壬ûһ˿һĹϵ
ԣȵŽıɹŽҲֻʥ߾ʵ
һԪʥߣҪԽսһ龳ĸ֣ǳ˵ΣʮǧĲࡣ
ʱ򣬹ųϾͶ֮䣬ܹŽһغȻ䡣
һˣȻڱ֮еһʥӣʱࡣ

ڹųϵ£ǧʥӣڿն𣬷سԶзӶȥΪ˰ȫɳǧͣ˽Ų
ͷԶغڶֻʣһŵ˫˸˸Ź⣬غڶ˼ӡ
𣬺𡭡
Զʱһ޺𴫵ëȻεѡ
غڶһʱ䣬ںһյҹĻϨĵƻһ㣬գĿռɿ޸еһУȫָƽ
ȥԲǧĵȫһ޿ӣɽʯľޣһһּȻưܵĸоãã޼ʵɳĮС
ţ
ųϣô£غڶôʧˣŽǷѾɽٳɹˣ
һеԶգ岻ɵýüѯʡ
ԣųҲһգ˫Լ۾ʲôŽȻҲʧˣݺݵһĭǧʥӽƵĿ⣬ųһϾ˫ۣĿǰ龰ʣŽѾ˳˱ı磬ֻ˸еȵǣֳûпŽ壡
ҲжʧŽѾʱУɲƬһغˡһȻҲʬ
ų˼ã̾һ
δ䣬ڳǧʥӣʱһֱ
ȻڲɽʥӿõĽŽǵУܾĥݲУһʥ̻ҡΨˣеŭй
ϧŽôƾʧˡϢӰΡ
еķŭԹȫҭУں֮
߰գǻиҪҪ
һʥеԹ֮飬ųϻæһӣߴٵ˵سֿؾۣҪ˶ãͻޡʿӿ̽ڴ˵أǣ¶ˣΪ
ΪȻص˵ͷһӣͣڲɽǧʥӣʱѻȸ롣

ųһӣֱӽǧʥӣȫԼıУαӣһ·ͿշУһյĹ򣬱㳹ʧãã֮С
Ҳ֪ӡһûнīɱǧξ
ųԹԵһΣӡҲڣҲЩɥ
Хųһ߷Уһ˼ӿ
𣬺𡭡
һ·֮ϣܹһ쳹޺˷ٿùųȥ飬ԽŨҡ

ͬʱһƬĿռ֮УһƬɫ󺣣֮ϣƯһǧ׸ߵľ޷壬һƯĵ죬ڽɫвϵƯơ
һЩĲľݣһմȾеĽɫˮΣ̻Ȼһ£׳
ܿ죬еĲľ飬ȫȻһ£»˰

ٿأһüĿ꣬͵شһˮͷкȪһ㣬³ˮɫҰף˫룬ţʲôطҲѾڶĪǣֻأڤظ
һתͷΧΧһУоޱȵ档
꣬ڻĹŷҵķ֡
ۡ
ٿأԶˮ棬ϷҲͷҽвѡ
ţƸߡׯҹˣҲһһˮðͷÿһ˵ɫʮֹŹ֣󺣣һ֮ɫ
λѵû
ڣ˵ˣһڳһ˵ĻŭţǿԸ£ǵȻͨ˵һ̻ᱻ⣬ϣǣȫûףҲ״̬



993
ɼһѣеȫмһһϲЦտĻŭš
۹Ҿ˵Ӹ󣬲׾ɥȪģ
Ϸ˷ܵ㵸ǸĹųϣҪһҪÿ
ಣ
ֳŷɳˮ棬ವһ˳ڿն
ţƸߡׯҹˣҲһһˮзӶ
˸һƯľ޷֮ϣһ˵ü֮䣬ɲ
λǺпܱڶһռУҪ飬ŪǾںδ

Ϸҹֵˣͷ
˵Ҳֶ֣ɽٺúõģôͻȻһغڶԲǧĿռ䶼ˣ
һ棬ૡ
˾üͷ壬벻һȻ
˵᲻Ǳ죿
ٿأС̽
δ䣬֡ϷҹˣȫȻһϸ˼Ƭ֮һҽʵ
죿
ϷһĿɬЦ⣬֪ǧûмܹʹ죬ɱ翣Ҿⲻ̫ܣ
֡ҹˣȫͷ
졭
ʵ̫ãˣڸʥӣҲֻڹżżĹݹ壬һۣҲû˵˭ڶʥٵʱ򣬳ɹʹб졣
ǧ֮һļʣس˵ǰš
ǣûиܵ
ٿأ׳׳ׯƬ̺ϢŽѪһޣһеģ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһһȲѣզп
ȷˣ
־Ž壬Ѫ繯еˮΣϢͨһУֻһʼޱ޼ʵ󺣣˸оޱߣֵѪϵһ𣡡
ôһԽоֵı磡
ҹ鲻Խؼһʱ޴룬Ȼ˵еѪֵľѪҪһϡ˲١ĵȷȷֵϢܹ͵ΨһһɣֵıУ
ӣϴĵȷȷǴʹ˱죡ǱڶɣҲֻϴıУ
˷ܵ㵸
Ϸ֡ҹˣҲѡ

ٿأ￪ˮ棬Ӱӽɫ֮ˮһɱڣֱ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһȺӰˡ
ǿ쿴ǲɽʥӣ
ʶ񣬵һʱжϳ˶Էݡ
ʲôǲɽ
ϷȻһһΪ׷ɱǣǷѾĻ
ԣһƣҡҡͷ벻ɵسغڶѰ·ûжϴһӦҲһغڶߣ
ϣϣϣ
Ϸ͵سʥһɱڣΣǶһֵıҰȥɱ⣡
ţ
ס֣
붫ҹͬһʱǳ
Ϸɵһ١
ֵ֣ıУ֣ո磬ؿռȶԣһǿڱдɱ䣬ҡػΣ㲻ã磬ʱҲһغܴǣ
Ȱ˵
ϷɵһŵҰףŷֵǸ³çˣ
˷ֲɽʥӵͬʱɽʥӣҲϷһˣһҵ۹ʥӣ߶еķһɱڣŭųϷҹһɱ˹
⣬ɽʥɱˣǺã
Ϸֱš
ȻϷ˲Ը׵ıдɱɱǣҲɲɽʥӿɱɣ
ңɽʥӣһɱڣһ֣ͷų񳱣Ҳ쳣ɲһı˵һǳĸɡ
ӣ
ҧгݣԥƬ̣ʱ´һ
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׷ڿն𣬳Զɶݶȥ
ӣٲȻûа취еİ취
УֻҪûбɽʥӸ׷ϣô˫֮䣬ͲֽҲԱɸɡ
ȻˣֹܲȥҪϡ
ɱ
ɱһ
ٺ٣һȻˣһɥȮһˣ
ʥӣһеķ׷ɱϷһˣǿϷһȻǵˣŻֻӴܣ
ʱһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬øѪ



994 Х
ɫϿգһȺӰһǰһɱڣɽХӿ
ޣһС֣ҪӲ붯֣ͽǸι
Ϸ߷߲ѵ
Ǽӿٶȣ˦һĻҪһս

Ӧŵٶȡ
ΪԴӽ컯ɾ֮ûٵõ׵Яÿһ˵ʵǲɽʥܹᲢ۵ġ
ԣһϷһ˿ʼٶȣɽʥӣͱԶԶ˦
ʱһۻ಻ĻֱϷš
ҵֵܣܱһ߹׷ɱ
ٿأ֮ƾһͳɤ
ţ
ʱϷҹһˣȫΪ֮һһɴС˫
֣һ֣
־
һ˲䣬ֻʶӵһˣ׷ͣ˽Ųʼ׵
ǿ쿴
ٿأһָָ֮ϡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢȥֻ֮ϣƣһϤӣûɣռ˰Ƭա
Ȼף
֣
֣
ʱϷ֡ҹˣһϲ֮ϵӴš
ţ
ʲôһŽ壡
ͬʱڲɽʥӣҲ쳣һ̧ͷŸ߿еľ޴ӣƽһɲԤС
ֵǣˣ
֮ϣ۶ɵӣϷҹһһЦţ˫͵һһ⵶аɭĿ⣬£˲ɽһʥӡ
Щ߹ҲҵıҰ
ڣҾǸһʲô
Цһ׵˫֮Уһ˿ϷŰζ
δ䣬˾Ŀˡڳǧʥӣȫ͵һȫ¶ãƱʩչʯ֮ȫؽסˡ
ǣǡ
ţһ촫ÿһʥӵ֫ٺռѹѹһȻÿһʥӣԶһ˿һΨһ˫Ѫ˿ͫףɵùԲһɲ֮ɫ
ʹ찡
ɽСǣ֮ǰǺܲô컯ɾ֮УŹųϣҪɱҪУô䵽زˣ
һ氡
ϷҹֵˣһϲЦտĲɽʥӣϵֱŵ
ڣϷΪĿУʥӣȫѹһ⣬ƾմӸ߿׹һغ
ȥٸţӸ߿׹ڽɫ󣬺ǹһ
֣
֣գ
֡Ϸһ˵ȣһϲЦտŸ߿еӣߴ
ʣǱˣƿűķҪȻ׾١
˭룬۶ɵӣȻ¶ɫǸλֵܣڻ޷Ϊҵı磬ûɹҪһʱ䣡
˵ţʼɢתۼ䣬ͳʧ١
ţ
ʲô˵ı绹ûɹ
һľ֮ɫǣҸоֵı磬ѾͬС˰ոʥ˵Ѿǳֲˡ
ûֵıޱ޼ʣһƬɲĽɫ̺ԹԲѰʥܹĴڡ
ϷΪȻص˵ͷֻǲ֪˵δƵĵطĶ
λš
ҡͷһЦҪ֪ϴı磬ǧѵһı챦磬ǰ컯ɾķһأȻŪĵطֻϣϴܹɹ챦磬һͳԲˡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣȫͷ
¡¡¡¡
ʱһҡػΣҲͻػҪһ㡣
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫҽɫ԰ֽ
ˡ
һ̣һХԴ˿ֱ˶Ĥ˺ѣҡҷ
ţڽɫشһ޴УһĨѪˮеشĿġ
ţ
ǿ쿴һУ
Ϸһָ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽֮С
غڶͬ壬ֻǵؽ޾Ľɫˮһ
ˣˡ
һעĿ֮£һХ˸εѣʲôҪ֮һ



995 һ
ಣಣ
ʱϷҹһˣˢˢسźȥ㳷ǧףŻͣ˽Ųÿһ˵֮ϣһĨԱľ֮ɫ
ĺХһֳǵĺ⣬һͷϹޣ˲
ⱦЩŹ֣
Ϸ߶߶ضһĨ죬ƺɫ֮Уʲôޣ
֡ҹˣΪȻص˵ͷ
ٿأ۷׷֮ʣһĨ죬ʼɢ޵ѪɫĶǣϵлñ״ܿչһģѪ˿
˻
ڳȫһһȫע
ţĿһĻˡһɿ۳εѪ磬Ȼʼѡ໥һḶ́һʱ䣬գһǧɷԲӴ࣬ͳ˵֮С
ͨͨ
ֹͣһǧɵʻ࣬Ưڽɫ֮УǿͨͨͣÿһΪ֮𵴣䣬ƺƴ
ͬʱһɿֲϯһͷϹž

̼䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫɵۣһĿ࣬Լ˫
࣬ʲô
һĲҰ֮ɫĪⱦеĽɫǧҩܹ׹ǣ⣬ƾһǿ
һ緱ǳ߶˵ľ֮󣬲Żֵ
ʥ˵ı磬˵ˣڲĿռ䶼ǳޣ⣬ȥһƬ磬׵ı磬һεĴڡ
ǣ׻Ե񣬽Ҵʹ˱죬Ҳһְֱܹɣ
ңϢ飬һǸǳǿ
һ㣬Ǻʣ϶顣
̺һ˿֮ϢûжϴӦ࡭
ҹ΢΢˫
ʲôһࣿ
ɵý˫ͣһգһգͨͨͣ࣬־ϲ
ӣֵı챦磬̺಻Ϊ֪ܣ֮ǰʶģֻǱɽһǰˡ
ҡͷпһ
ಣ
ٿأһɫӰƾճ˵ǰȥȻǴһϮɫ۵ף˿٣üĿͦǹܵ˾ȵĿ⣬ױ˫֣Цһ𺳵ֵܡ
λ
촽ЦֵǶ˳Ԫ磬Ϊһʥҵı챦磬Ҳ˳ɣ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫϲЦտһɽХĻ
Ү̫ˣν࣬Ҿ֪һܹ׻˳Ϊʥģ
Цû֦ҡҷҡ
ϲ֣
ϲ֣
ׯƸ߷׷ǰֵϲ
ãһЦģһֵܿ׺ţڡ
ϴ󣡡
ٿȻ䣬첽ǰ׼ʵļ򣬳Ȼոɱ䣬ΪʥǣôоϢһҪ񼸷֣Ƹȵѹһͷ
죬ֲԤУ̽ԵѯʣĪǣľΪһҪ߳һ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵׵֮ϡ
뵱ڷ˹Ҷ֮һٴӰ벽Ԫ磬̤ʥ쾳磬νһɳ죬Ϸҹֵ۲ѡ
ͬһƬҶҶƬҲͬɱʥ׵ľ徳磬ÿһ˶ʮֵú档
˽Ŀ⣬ЦɸλգһνԪ磬Һһ̤ʥ쾳磡

ûȻأеȫΪ֮Ȼһ۷׷ף˫֮һĨĽʣּһ˿˷ϲá
ΪʮĹеһŽ壬ɲһ뵱һ̤ʥ쾳磬ѾǾΪˣû뵽ȻӵһӾͽʥ쾳ˣ
Ϸҡͷԣǿһһס
˱ˣǺôҲǸ˭ֱֵһᡣԴӽ컯ɾҪִЯǣͺʬҰˡһͻƣ̾ͺΪһֵܵ߾磬а
ֶڽףѾֻʣ̾ˡ
ˣ
һŮһı׵ǰ׵½ػζҾ˵һֵܹģ㣡



996 Ͻ
ȷ׵ľ徳磬һʱԭأЩ֪룬һĿɬЦ⡣
ΪĹżҵʥӣǴ˵еɲ壬ĸĿˣ˭룬Դӽʶ֮󣬾Ȼѹһͷ˵һ⣬ǾԲܵ顣
뼧ֵ֮ܣŹĽ顣
ԣȻЩζҲЩĽʺޣģȴΪ׶е˷ܣ
֣һͻС磬ʵڿϲɺأûʲô飬ܹǷ
ׯųųؿǰ°ףЩ̫ҴԥƬ֮ڻǹǰڨ
۵飬ʿ˵ҪһεĲƸ˵׷ľ飬ڱʿ˵һѪඥ
ৡ
ʱ˵עȫ۽׵֮ϡ
ܵƷŹ׵һЦЩ޿κεͷҷ飿ΪˡԴˡ˳˽Ҫ֮ҳԪ磬ȫˮɵ飬ûʲô谭ԣҲû̫ྭóʵϣҪ;ͻȻ죬ȫԼʥ쾳磡
˻
ڳһ˵ȣȫһһɴţۣԼĶ䡣
һɬеļ񣬸ǰ̾Ϣаζӡ
ףҪǱͻȻ죬ԭܹһٽʥ쾳ģ
δҲ̫ˣ
֮£һٽʥ׳٣ֱǰŪֵһᣡ
֣ʵ̫ˣ
һ壬о壬ˣһٽʥ쾳磬ʵΪûʲôɱ䣬С¶ȭţҲ۽
ԣ֣Ͽȭţǹ񫡣
ϷԸ꣬
ţ
С¶ȭţ
΢΢ü
˵˳Ԫ磬ʵȫʵɱ䣬Ѱʥ߲ͬǣΪؼɱ䣬ڱ硣
ǣе״߶Ļ췭ظһƬңʱеһ˵ȣ϶ʮǱ
ֻҪһ۸Ȼˣ׵ҲȫûбҪ߶е
𡭡
˸˸ŹУ͵شһƽըװХֱ˶Ĥʹҡҷ
ţһƬƬϽɫۼף׵Ƥ֮зɿ˳һת۵Ĺ׵ȫ£ȫһϽɫ۸ˣ˫֮ϣצֻ¶һ˫ٲȻһޡ
Ͻۣ
־
ʣ׼չʾɱ֮ϽۣĿǰ״׵ϽۣԪ֮ǰ仯ֻϽ۵ɫ󣬸ӰۼҲӺʵһЩ
ˣԴ˳Ϊʥ֮ҵϽۣҲһϵеɱ䣡
һƣٿ
ͣͣͣ
ţĿһĻˡ׵ָؽ֮ϣһɫļ̣Ǵӹ֮˳ÿһ̣ɢһɭĿĹ
ͬʱϥؽڣؽڣ׹ؽ֮ϣҲһɫļ̣ҪĽһ㣬ɢ˸˸⡣
˻
ÿһؽڶ̵ޣڳһ˵ȣȫܵصһ
ò˵޵Ĺؽڲλһ֮󣬸˵оøɲһͷϹޣ˲ҿ
Щ̼Ϊ񣬼ͳ̶Ȳʥ
ϣʾһǿġ
ϷҹֵˣȫΪ֮һٿ򵹴̵񣬶ʱһ˿ء
֣ܹô
ֻһе罣Ц
Цص˵ͷԡ
ϣ
ֻһѸײĽе罣Ѹ͵س״ȥ׽˻⣬ؽڴһ̣Ӳصס罣
ϵһ죬һΣһɿ񱩵ľֱӸƷ˳ȥ
Щ̣ȻܹʥĽʺޣ
־ҵشϢţһη׵ϽۡӸղŶݵĽȫµĵ̣ȫѷɫʥ罣
֣ϽۣƷϣҲɱ䣬ļͳ̶ȣ϶һ¥һЩ벽ʥװҲͰˣϽϣȻһ̣Щ̣൱ʥζʲôζȫ£װʥɱѰʥһʥԹͲһεĴڣ
ҹһط񣬿ܹγвľֻʥĴˣѰʥߣ˵սʤˣҪɱ֣ǳ룡
ׯƸߡˣΪȻص˵ͷ



997 
ֻϧһûгʱɽ٣Ļһܹרһֵʵܹٳ߸ͷһ
ҡͷпһ
ϷҹˣȫΪȻص˵ͷ
ˣ֡
ٿأҹһϾسξŹŵĹųϣʹɱ֣Ǳ֮֡Եɺ֮£ΪıбԵʣûܵóѡǣһưոݵġһҪβܹܹųϵ׷ɱ
˻
һᵽųϣڳ˵࣬ʱΪ֮һһɫ壬ҡҷ
еľ֮ɫײɵҡͷһЦολֵܷģ֪ųѾԶ߸߷ˡ
ৡ
ڳȫΪ֮һ
ǺǣڵλãҵıУҵı磬컯ɾ֮У仰˵컯ɾ֮УѾȫʧˡ
ҡͷһЦ
ʲôı磬컯ɾ֮У
һجģδҲ̫ˡ֣˵ı粻컯ɾ֮УǻĶ
δ䣬˾һضס
һЦҵı磬һռѷ֮Уռѷ죬Ѿ޸ˣԣ컯ɾ֮УѾʧˡǣ컯ɾڲһֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾˺ѿռ䣬»ص컯ɾ֮С
˻
ӣڳһ˵ȣ׷һǿŹһס
֣ûи
ϷŵŴͣ컯ɾĿռ䣬Ϊ̣龳ĸ֣˺ѡ㣬ȴܹ˺ѿռ䣬ӿռѷ֮»ص컯ɾ
֣˵ı磬ڿռѷ֮Уô
ҲǾ׷ʵǾ֪ı粻ֻһոı磬ֻһΣܹʱ
컯ɾʱڵ˵Ҫֲöࡣ龳ĸ֣ұһռѷ֮Упһغ
ʱ˵񾭶Ϊ֮һ˫ס
еĵ֮ɫ׵һЦֵλ뵣ǡ촽Ҳ֪ҵı緢˱죬ǿаһ컯ɾĿռ䣬ΪˣҲƿһ컯ɾķЩȻһص֮ɲóǣ컯ɾ֮УȴŲСá
һЦ֮һҿ÷˺ѿռ䡣
δ䣬ȫڡ
ڳһ˵ȣȫտķˮһҲƵؾһǿŹһס
ףڱ֮󣬾Ȼܹ˺컯ɾĿռ䣿
һʲôĸ
Ҫ֪컯ɾ֮Уںĵشռȶԣļ򱶣ͨ龳֣˺ѿռ䡣
˭룬׾ȻܹͶ֮䣬˺һռѷ
ȫĵ𺳡
ֱһ
ҡͷп׵Ŀ⣬ͷһʶһ
֣ҺΪֵܣĻһᱻĻԵ츳
ϷһɥЦ⡣
ȵȡ
ٿأҹһϲ֣ô˵ܹ߶˺컯ɾеĿռ䣿ҪĻǿУȫб˶Է龳ĸ֣Ҳηˣ
˷׷Ϊ֮Ȼţÿһ˵ϣȫһĨЦ⡣
û
׵ͷһЦȻˣƿصķʮޣֻܹ˺һĿռѷ죬õõ컯ɾ֮Уһ
ʥĸ֣ҶܹĶӣɱ
龳ĸ֣Ҳ˺ѿռѷ죬ʱ֮Уݱܷâ龳ĸ֣ҲóȻ׷ɱ
һг
ʱȫһЦǺͯһĵϲá
һ
ԭԴīǰǷֿ֮Ҫĵشʵǳ̨ǳ˵Σȫܡ¿Ҳδûпܡ
ִۣӽ󣬾ǵĽˣ
ֿŵ㵸
һ˵Χ£ףϲЦտ۷׷ףƺ˵Ļ
һ̣˷ʶһʥжôֲ
ԼĪһʱ󣬷һЦ֣ȻųѾԶ߸߷ɣضΪǱռɱˣôھͽ컯ɾգ
ৡ
ϷҹˣҲ۰Ͱ͵ףҪʶ˺ѿռͨط
˭룬׾ҡҡͷڲУ֮ǰҶɽ٣Ķ̫Ѿ಻֮ͣһʱ¶棬ҵıУȾһʱ䣬֮ٽ컯ɾ



998 ƽţ
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׷׵ͷǣû顣
Դӽ컯ɾ֮˾ԷγΪ׵С壬ΨǴӡ
ˡ
أһЦһǬͳһƿ֮ǰйԼ˵ǵ˳ɽ٣Ϊʥ֮Ȫ͸λֵܣڣҷǵ˳Ϊʥңʹ컯ɾ죬õĪ棬ԶѰʥܹᲢۡȪҵãҲˡãʹøλֵܣҲܹһٷΪʥߣ
˻
ϷҹˣɵЩε޴롣
ʣֵˣףȫѾΪʥߡֻʣϷҹˣδʥ
˵ĸһȪʥ߾磬ǰ϶ˡ
֣ǲżȪţԱʱ֮衣
ҹίƴǵ
Լǡ
ͷԱʱ֮裬ǶŶɽ٣ĵشóȻɽ٣ֻѰ·ˡ
֣ͲҪǿˡϷЦֵܣܵʵǲ˼
һ˶ƴ֮⣬׵ʱһ壬ߵֵܣ֮ǰҪһһ
ڣҽȪתǣǾȻҪƴǣĪһޣֵܵģ
׹࣬һģ
ʱ֡ϷҹΪ֮һһ촽飬Ҫ˵Щʲôֲ֪οڡ
λֵܣֵΪˣֲǲ֪
ʱڣȰ˵ȰǣǲҪƴˡǵõȪΪʥߣѾǰ϶ˡ
ʱֵˣһɫԪ磬һ룬˸еѪڡ
ص壬Ҳһҫ棬𾴵飡

֡ҹϷһۣ̾ǧлشнӹƿǷ֣ԵøΪˣһƨϡ
ʱһֵܷЦ

ͬʱ컯ɾڲһԲǧɵľ޿ϿգӰն
ţ
֮ǰƺڶɽ٣Ҵʹ˱б죬Ϊһתۣȥ¥ˣ
һĴ󺺣Ŀ䣬ΧһС
ʱǻھ޿Χһޡʿ׷ŵ˱ᡣ
Σ󺺣ۻ룬ӵ龳ΪԲһЩǰŽ֣Ҫ©̵ôܹᲢ۵ġ
Ҳ£ڶɽٵĹУʱɱˡ
һһϮɴŮӣһЦƽţǻ׷ѹ򣬾ı㡣һ
˵ţƣʩչһسɴط岽֮䣬Ѿ߳ǧ֮⡣
ʱ޿Ͽգֻʣһˡ
Ψһܹ󺺿龳֣Ѿȥ

޿κε̾һһ뽫ɽ֮ӸΪ״ӵģڿҶˡ
顭
ֻһ죬غһȭֱӽ޿Ӹʯ죬תֳһƬǽ塣
һ󺺷𣬾޿Χޡʿ׷ŵó˷ӶݿǨŭǣɱ⡣
ӣƽţŭˣͷţıƢҪɱˣҪӵˣһǨŭ롣
ӣ
Ķӣ
ʱڳһ˵ȣһҲƵس˷Ӷݿ
ԭۼھ޿Χޣڶ̶̵һյʱڣӶ߰˰ˡ
ޣСһҲǰߣ

һ޲ֻʶӣ޴к󺺣ʱһһ׷ȥһ˫ȭЯ޾ʥ棬ô𶯣ҡػΡ
һвٵޣʬҰѪ귭ɡ
ӿѪˮӿ޿֮УܿγһѪ̶ðĿģ
󺺲ûиϾɱڷйһͨŭ֮󣬾;ԳԶշӶȥһʧããʡ
һЩ׷ɱҴʿһЦԱΪƽţǺ֮ǡ
ͣͣ
˭룬ʱ޿ϿԼĪɵĿռ֮УһԼĪƴСѷ죬˺˿ڴĿ£עĿܿ죬ѷ죬˺ѳһ׶೤ѷ죬ವһӿռѷ֮УƾһӰ
ڻص컯ɾ֮ˡ
ڸ߿еӰȻһϮɫ۵ף׵һһֱע컯ɾе״һǰһ̽ѾɢȥʱȲؽ컯ɾ



999 ֻʯ

һӣһεϯ̼䣬һӰƾճ׵ĸȥȻϷҹ֡һˡ
˻
һΣϷҹ֡ˣһ־ϲԼ˫
֣ԣǹ׾ٵػص컯ɾ֮У
ϲЦտ֮ǰظ֤״߶˺ѳһռѷ죬ݵس컯ɾΪֵܣȻһԾŶȻЩɡͶأ
ϷҹһЦΪȻص˵ͷ
Ǻǣʲôʱſڿӹ
ҡͷһЦ
֣Ǹʲô㣿
ҹüͷһеѯ׵
ī벻ڣе⣬ȫԴӽ컯ɾ֮һֵܶ׵ԾŨء
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۵׵֮ϡ
΢Ƭ̣ҵĽǣ⸽ѰһƧ֮أȺīǰţīǰܹ˳գһ»ǵġ
ԣûԭزȺһʱա
׵
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ȷ
īܹ˳ޡӵ׷ɱôһѰһˡ
ʱ׵뿪ôīҪãã޼ʵ컯ɾУҵһˣǴ룬졣
ԣΪܹīϣõķʽԭصȺ
Ȼˣǻвʱ䣬ͻᱻ͵ʱȥ뿪컯ɾԣǵʱʣ޼ÿһÿһ붼ǳڰʱڣīǰûܻǣôǾֻ̣ѰһȶĿռ䣬ʵǳ̨ˡ
׿
˼ص˵ͷ
Ըīǰܹ׻ɹشӵӳ죡
˫ֺʮ
һᵽī룬˵ͱޱȵĳأɫҲ
Ȼ˵֪īľǳΣգҪӳ죬˳ǳѡмգݡ
˵ز˾
׻˻֣ƺҪеĳȫ׿ǻ뿪⴦޿ӣѡһƧ֮أбչء
˷׷׵ͷǡ
£һȺ˸׵󣬴ΪУһ·ųŶϷɽɱȥһһȺ˾ʧ֮С
飡飡飡
ͬʱھ޿ΧһƬïܴ֮УҰɫӰ֮һһ׶ҵߣðСһֵһǣ˵߻һϸĺ롣
׸һ򶴿ߵһ塣
ȻñΣŷǳİǣһЩ˵ǱóΣҲǻᱣһЩ״̬µı־Գ࣬ƩīĶǡһĺ롢һȵȡ
⣬岻ͬޣҲȫͬԣҲһ󡪡岻ͬޣڻñεʱģǧ봿壬Ų̶ͬȵĲ
Уһģʮֵ⣬߱ʶȡ
һ壬ϲðСģñκͨᱣ飬Լϸĺ롣һǼթƻ֮ͽ
˿ֻ̣֮Ӻһת˴һˡ
ףЩһʲôʱھ޿Ͽյģ
֮ǰƽţ쭣е޶ɢӣû޻ҶڴˣʯҲʩչ֮ǧɵĵصſ˻ƽţҶһ١Щһֻгʥ߾ΪôܹҴö֮طϾ޿Ͽգ
һʯɳ
ҿЩһʮа˾ž֮ǰɽ֮ˡ
һʯЩһ֮Уһӵʥ߾ΪҲ£֮ǰ˶Ӧþ֮һֻǲ֪ЩСһʩչ˺ܹͨ龳Ļƽţûзǡ
ٺ٣̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
ֻʯȲػ˻֣׻˵ɴɱһǧɷŹһֻܳȥСһɱһˮʯ
ЩСһ֮Уһһӵű챦磬ôǲ⽫ᣬռ챦磡
ٺٺ٣ʱӵű챦ңƱؽΪһǧŴ棡δ
һˣֻʯԥзһߴߴߴߴļٽԳһ˵ķ׷ɱȥһȿֺ±ͬȡ
Хɳʯ죬еȷѪأԴ̱ǣһɱ¾Ļ



1000 ߱ͷ
ಣ
ԭһ·ɱһˣ׵Ĵ֮£һ·ͨ裬׼һƬĸɽ֮Сͻأģ׽Ųһ٣ͣ
ʱһ˵ȣҲһͣһס
֣ΪͻȻͣˣ
Ϸʵ
ɫϾӦֻתһīĹӰͳ׵˫֮ϣȻǰ벽ħƽצ
еϮ
ڣ˾ȵĿУĬĬ
δ䣬ԶĵطӰͻأشӵ֮Ȼһ׶ҵʯ
ϣϣϣ
һУϷ֡ҹˣæ߶ԪһɱڣԴ߶ŷֻʯ
һǷǳóΣҿʶ񣬷Ļʮа˾žҪϮˡ
һ£ٿֻʯ̺һ˿Թ֮ɫ
ӴСӡû뵽ܹǰֵܣ
ֻʯһֱӴӵص׿ռ¶ΣȻǲ׼ʩչ֮͵Ϯһˡ˿̣ͷһֻʯһζЦ⣬һ˵񣬾ͺǿһֻֻ׵ĸ
һʥ۷徳Ϊ򲻿С
ҹɫ
֡ׯƸߵˣȫһݣҧأ׼ƴ
λֵܡ
˭룬ʱСϺףȫգãҸոͻƣΪʥȱһдĻᣬֻʯ֡
ͽеս񣬴Գܡ
⣬˵ʮֵд⣬ƺûнֻʯ
˻
Ϸҹֵˣɵһ뵽ǿֲʵҲһЦټ֣ĬĬسź˱ܡ
׵ʵĿãδ̤Ԫ֮ǰܹ׻ʥߡ񣬳Ϊʥܹ׹вģ¾ֻʥĴˡ
֣ʲôҪֻһ£ֵ浽ǧǿ
֮ǰһ
üͷһһЦ
ʲôСӣȻҪһ
һʯһЦһֿŰ׳һĿ⣬ףĪǴֻһԪСӣȻҪԪ۷徳ʯһϸ£
СǷôĿ
һֻʯ̸ͣҲ޷һҾͻʹɱ֣ĥȥҲ⾮֮ܿ۽磬ʶһʲôߵغ񣡡
ٺ٣λֵܡ
ͷʯӣĿ֮ǰȻ˵ողԪ磬Ҫд֡ζʲôζСӣҪҵ˶
δ䣬ֻʯʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬׵˫ǶһϢøش
ӻ׽˵ɱ⣬ǧ©֪򶴿߽ػ˴ӣ
ͷʯ´һʱһǬͳһϽɫЯһɿ񱩵ʥԳ׷˶
֣
ٺ٣̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ֻʯӶЦһͣףˣͬ˹͡
ȥȻԿֻԪ۷徳ʯƶһ㣬ɱڵسɱÿһֻʯУһʥһ֣Ҫ׵š
֡
糱ʥѹȣϷҹһ˵ȣȫ鲻Խؾ
˭룬ȴǵһЦԹԵشֶɱȻһ
ȣ
˵ʱʱ죬ǧ֮һɲǣֻʯ˵׵ǰ
ʱ׵Ӱˡ
ٿһζֻһɫӰΪ֮һһ̣Ųӡףʹʮɿ⡣
𡭡
͵һȭҶѪڣѪ繯ĽɫѪ͵ϯЯһɺ̺ʥ׾ٱ㿹ס˰ʥѹȣڣзΪơ
ͬʱһ춯صХƽը죬һͷϹ޴޾ǣһֽȫʧȥƣܵΪ֮һ̶
ͣ
ţһΣͷһֻʯǰצһӣֱӿסʯĲᵽ˰У֮ϣ¶һĨаЦݡ
ţ
㡭Ҫʲô
׿סӵʯڻָѣ׺Ƹǯһоצɵþɤ
ȥ
ɫž޲ɫ糣צȴ͵һһıʯĲֱӱϣ
žһһѪܵͷ͸ϡ
飡
ûʯͷأʩչ֮Ӷݣױһšһ絶ıȣֱӽѪܵͷ߱ˣ



1001 ݱ

ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫĿ࣬
ףȻɱһʥ۷徳ʯ
Ȼ˵Ϸҹֵ˵ĿУ׾һҲŷǳİܹȡʤ
ǣҲʩչϽ֮ۡ󣬲ܹһ
˭룬׾ȻϽ۶ûʩչ׾ٵնɱһʯ
һĻ󣬽ۿӾ
ɵúã֣
һʱ㵸
жأҪɱϣ
ɣɤӸ߸һˣҲԼĹѼɤܲܽܡ

Ц˫
һߣҴֻʯһ׷ɱı֣ʱһɫҲһƬʮֽӲ
СӣȻӵطܹǣ˷̶֮УԷ
һʯ鲻ԽֽŲѹִ֮ǰҷųԣҪһԭе֣ѵ촽ʯɫŤ¶һĨЦݣƼȻѾ¶˳ҪЧûôˣ
ֻʯһۣʱವһ͵һͷ֮СವһӰƾʧ٣ȴ˿
ʣֻʯʩչ֮
ţ
ֻʯĪҪӣ
һʯĶԸ𱬵ϷʱֱУޣ򶴿ߵһ壬ų컯ɾߴ֮һȻ˵ĲһǿоǱӴܣǶ
ӣ
һƣûôף
ڵһʱ䣬׾ʩչѰۣһ˫֮ɢ˸˸⣬Գŵص׿ռ俴ȥʱеɳ׵˫֮Уȫð͸ֻʯӰȴĿ
ţ
ٿأüͷһԷһֻʯķȥ˾ǣֻʯص׿ռ֮ȫûҰһƬһʯĵܣɨҲ׾ͽԡ
ʯطȻʯ츳ܣǰ֮
ʯ˵ˮս󺣣Ҳǲã񷣬ɲĵص׿ռ䣡
˿̣һֻʯʩչʯطϢسվĵɱȥ
ȻҪʣ׽̸ˡ
á
ڵһʱ䣬׾һϢԺСɷף΢΢һƬ̺󣬱ָ˴ݵģ׻һЦ
ʱ
ಣ
ϢģһСͻӰƾͬʱһϸԳĲƶȥ
ȥգС椣
͵ϮʯһЦӹһĨԹ֮ɫС֣Ҳ㳢ʧȥͬζ
ͣ
˵䣬һӣȻоյضʯ͵Ϯ
ţ
ʲôһδʥʥӣȻܹҵȫһ
ʯɵͫһһ
ã
еϮ
ٿأ֡ϷҹˣһеķʯΧʱԨ纣İƣϯɱƺҪʯǧС
ʯ͵Ϯδ֣ܵһҧеʱӹһĨ֮ɫͻеʥҪǿɱΧ
ն
罣͵һӣһɫĵâЯųҵĻ
ֻϵһ죬ʯӲһеʥЩֶɣ͵Ѫ

ҹһһ߰ĸ׾ٵؽʯ
ն
䣬һ£ûʯխСԴͱһΪһʱѪŽѪ׷ɡ
һʯɥȪ
Ȼֻʯ͹˷֡Ϸҹһ˵ʵ˵˼֮⣬˵ȶδʥʥ۷徳ʯУϣͶ֮䣬ܹ
˭룬֡Ϸҹˣں壬ѣһ־Ҫ
ٸʯһλᣬԹѵڣڵһʱʩչ֮Ӷݣ
ϧֻһΣûҩ
ߴߴߴߴ
һתۼ䣬ֻʯֻʯУֻʣһֻʯأδڵص׿ռ֮Уʧߴߴֽš
׵ĮһЦбһأǻʯҲᣬһħƽצǬУţϷ֡ҹ˻˻֣Ǻǣ뻹һֻʯһѾŵƨԶԶӶˣڣǱɨս֮󣬼·
ԣһЦ׷׵ͷӦŵ



1002 
׵Ĵߴ֮£ϷҹˣܿͽֻʯǬʥսϡ
ΪֻʯѾһغԣǬʥҲΪ֮
֡
ϷʥǬȫס
ֽӹһֱ̽Ǭ֮УƬ֮䣬ͽǬеıأȫһ
ԸеźǣֻʯǬУȻѻŲٵľˡ裬ǣܹ׶ĵıȴһҲûС
ֻʯȻʥ۷徳ΪǺȻ򶴿еĵλǳһ㣬һȪûСʲôĵرˣ
һмƲƲ죬һףǬ˶ҹ֣ǬеĲƱһλֵƽ֡
ǡҹӦŵʼսƷ׼Ϸֵƽ֡
Ȼˣƽֵѡ֮УׯƸˡ˵ֵΪƴֵһԱȪ֮ı׻еȤϧֻʯǬУֻһЩϡƽı׺Ȥˡ
ԣ˷սƷ
ׯƸˣ˽ɽһĵӣϷʦֵܣֵ֮еһԱң˵ʵҲѸֵܸԣҲЩʡ׵˲⣬ϷҲⲻȥ
˵սƷη䣬˵㡣
Ϸҹ˸ףǱЯûܹףֻǧлûаĻ
ʥʹ͸ׯƸֵܰա
΢һ˼⣬һУʥݸׯƸֵܡ
ʱһһׯƸߣɾʧɫЩҽܡ
ûϵ׾ȻὫʥʹ͸ׯƸߣ
˵ׯƸȻϷʦܣһеĵλȴ͵ģƽ˸׵˴֮⣬Ҳûṩʲôмֵİ
˭룬׾Ȼһ֣͸ׯƸ߸ʹһʥ
֣ν޹»ʦֵܶˣ־ȵġһֱҲûʲôĹף˵㣬ڸλϺȡλֵܹǣʦֵѾǧлˣʲôʱ˺
ׯһܳ
֣ͱŻˣҪʲôطĲã㾡ѵ⣬Ǳ֤ڴ򲻻֣
ƸһĿɬЦ⣬
һ޴ģׯƸˣϷ֡ҹˣɵ÷һЦ
ׯƸߡ
΢΢һЦһƣǶˣȻֵʦֵܣҲǵʦֵܡŽ壬ԼˡֵУԶһʥʥʹ͸Ҳ޷
ǾͲҪƴˡ
˵ţֽʥȫ׸ׯƸ߶ˡ
ׯƸŵðڵأʥͷ৶䡣
ʥ
Ҫ֪֮Уŵһ֮𣬶ܹӵһʥڣڻĹӸλĳϣҲδܹӵһʥ
ƼˮׯƸߣܹܴ˺Ȼؽ׵ʹͣ
ŰڵأһֱֲִϽܺׯƸߣҡͷһЦҲٶѿ࣬ԳϷʹһɫϷ⣬˵ͷǰƸׯλʦܣʥ£͸ҵȻص֮󣬴Ͻɸţʱ򣬸δʥоϣҲͲҪƴˡ
ׯƸһۣ΢Ƭ̣ڵͷӦ
ϷĻ˵ʥ͸ɽһ͸Ƕˡֻǽʱܰˡ
һˣׯƸ˵ѹʱٶˡ
Ž¸м
ӽ󣬵õֵܶ˵ĵطܷԸ׼ǰ󣬺Թԣ
ׯƸˣظҾ
׵һЦ˻֡


ϣׯƸˣϷĲ£Ըվ˶Ը⽫ʥѪ˲ĿУеݸϷʦֵܶһʥǽܱȽ׵ңʦöûһֵʥʦֵܣʲôǰͷ
Ϸһ
ԶգգЩεشײ
ݵλׯƸߵʦãҪѷһҲûʲôׯƸʹ͡ڻɽһСУݣϷδޣݣɱׯƸҪöࡣ
ԣӦֵܹׯƸߡ
һûа취
ϷҡͷһЦȻׯƸλʦܣȴʶ岻̰ıԸеͣҲһ˼ػصɽһӿׯƸߣϻ˴ЯʲôʱҲõһֵʥʥͽǣڣұܺˣ
ϷһУֱӽʥǬ֮С
ׯƸظسһһЦ



1003 
Դӽ컯ɾ֮һ۽󿪣ڸַƱб׼ҲԽ߶ˡԭʮϡʥֵܣһ
ڣׯƸıԵʸһʥϢǴ壬һʿױΪ֮Ľʺޣ
Ȼˣһ֮УΪƴֵһԱס
׷ǵӵһ׿ϽףңŽħƽצԼǹһϵ˿ɼľ
ƾЩͬʿҪսʤףڳ롣
˵ز˾Ǽ·
״һӣٶɽ
ͬʱڵص׿ռڲһСƻӰʼǻ׽µĵص׿ռһ·档
ɱʦֵܣƱôһ֮
Ҵʯûе̶ֻӣǲڵص׿ռشŻѰűѩ޵Ļᡣ
ߣҾǻΪ»ҰҲһŹǣ
ʯҧأâ˸
Ȼʯ޲ǰȥһ˺ڼʶ׵˵Ŀֲս֮ʯһ˿֪֮ûΪһʱ嶯ƽ
ʯ˵еǻᡣ
ֻҪʯ͵סӣһֱǱڵص׿ռڲһܹҵһ͵Ϯľѻᣡ
⡭
һˣһ·ɱԾԱɱһʹһƬ಻ɽ֮С
λ
ٿأֽŲһ٣ƬɽŨƬɽϿգûжϴĻƬɽ֮Уһһ
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ʲôƬɽһ
ϷɫǺ죬ʱЩȲش˫֣֣ûпգƬɽһϷŽɣǧѷĻ
ֿǻĹŷҵѰʦжӦûд
ҹһƣЦ֣ľλãܹҵһǿɾͷˣ
һʱ䣬еȫϲЦտһϲõŷ֡
ֵ˵ͷ𣬷߿֮УʼʩչѰѰɽǱصһһ²صȴţЩ
׸ֶʩչѰۣܿͿɽصһһʱ䲻ɵͫ׽һ
þ˵һ
ипǧ֮ϵı飬ȴǹž޲
ԼĪһյĹ֮󣬷һȻشʼ磬ǳǸƬɽ۸ӣһʱȷλãЩѡ
ԣ˲һ̾Ϣ
֣żеʱ䣬Ѱ١ҹο˷ּ䡣
ˡ
תͷף֣˵ѰѨǻĹŷҵѰʦ֪Ƿ֣
ৡ
ʱ˵עȫ۽׵ϡ
һƣҸղų鿱һҲûʲô֡
ֺйƤ򣬴̾Ϣ
ϷҹˣҲΪź
λ
ܵϵһ˿ʧ֮ɫ׵һЦǻѰһƧ֮أ䶴ѰѨ飬ȫȨָ𣬱׼ò˶ãܹˮʯ
˵˵ͷӦŵ
ʱ׵Ĵ£˾һɾ޷İɽ䣬ҹеʥ裬ܿͿٳһϷͳһЩˡ죬ڶڴһɱԼСͻһ˵ȣڲ붴֮Уʼ
λ
׳ҸոճΪʥҪȹΪչǱޣԣûʲôҪµĻͱ߶ң
Ϸҹֵ˵ͷӦŵһϷҹˣȫͳһţϥʼǱ
֣ȳȥѰѨҵȷķλٻ֪ͨǡ
Ը£ӧ
˭룬׾üͷһ壬֣ѰѨ飬żҳ֮һͬǰʱ໥֮ҲһӦĵشգһˣһΣգҲӦ
һԭ¸߰״̬ʱȵס
ԣҲûа취ֻ޿κεߵĽ䣬ϥʼǱ
ǣе˼֮ϣĶа
֮£ֻԹԵͳһżʼжն
׵һЦϥһ˵ȫ£ͱһԪƲᣬ˿
˵ȣΪĻ߶ŵ׵ľԶɣֻܹ
ܿ죬֮һƬžͣš
ͬʱԲǣ׵Ľµĵص׿ռ֮УһȰӰһһ㣬ҪԴ׵壡



1004 
׵򣬺߽࣬ڵԪѪҲšеĽţּȻڱչǱޣһʱԳء
ٺ٣ڱҵȵһλᣡ
ص׿ռ֮Уʯʩչɽڲۿ׹ڶһǣΧûӦʱϲЦտŻ
ৣ
ֻһ΢ƿʯ͵һӷҪһ׵壬Ž׵ԴҲһᴩ
һ·ҲԾס
ΪϷҹֵһξ룬ֻҪʯһ֣˵ȾǲҲΪʱҪ׷ɱӵŶףڳ롣
ͣ
ʥ˳ش׵ƨɣһ㣬׵ڣʱһƤ˺˸εѣΪ֮
ٺ٣ȥգ
ʯһƣ¶һĨζЦ⡣
𡭡
ٿأһֲĺХһɷڵѪ͵ӿͬʱʯ͵Ϊ֮һֽŶҲΪ֮һ
飡
ֻһ죬׵צ͵سʯץȥ˭룬ʩչʯʯӲʯ׷絶צҲûһٶֻ˺ѳһǵץۣ
͡
ܿ죬ȫ¾ȫϽ۸ˣצ߶೤˵׳˶Ȧ͹ؽڴһ̣һǿҵӾС
ҵʱˣ
˫죬ضʯһĸо
ʲô㡭ô֪Ҫ͵Ϯ㣿
ʯɵΪ֮һȫ鲻Խؾ
ǣǡ
ִ֮£ʯػеʥҪһٶ׵͸ᴩ׵ͷ­
һܹ˲սѩޣ
һ̣ʯĿһĻˡ֮еѾΪһ֣ƾʯδ߶Դ׵ڰγһ˿һ
еϮ
ͬʱǱϷҹֵˣҲ˶׷׾һŸԵķɱ
⣡
ʯпһʱеʥһΣҪʩչ֮֮زز
ǧһ֮ʣһױƽը졣
ߣûôװգ
׵ĮһЦ͵һҹȭЯſ񱩵ľһƿײֱӽʯ˰С
ۡʯſһѪоȫ߹Ƕϡ
ȣ
Ȼûʯһ׽̤ӡһš˦ȣֱӽʯ߷˳ȥ
һʯصɳȥȫ̱ࡣ
ܡʯ״̬£ʥҲңֿȭȻܹˣ
ʯ˫УһĨŵɫ
Ǻǣȥ
׵ĮһЦ͵һΣʱʯǰٿһһֱʯ̫ѨᴩԿǣһʱѪŽİ׵һӿ
㡭
֮ʣʯһ֮ɫʶ
֣
֣
˵ʱʱ죬ûϷҹֵ˸ϵԣ׵һϵȻʯɱ
ֻһ߰СҰ׵ʬ壬ƽ׵Ľ£ңĿġ
λ辪š
һƣֻʯ֮ǰ˶˶ûвֻ룬ڵص׿ռиǣŻѰұѩ޵Ļᣡ
һжҵƿ֮УԣҹһҪʯӶʹ̶һٻɱ
׵һЦһƿȫĸо
Ϸҹֵˣȫһ˼ضס
֣˵һֱֻ֪ʯڰ
־
׵˵ͷ
ʯʯ֮󣬲ˣңص׿ռ䣬ϢԲû뵽ȻҲӲֵĻ۽𾦣
Ϸһп
ˣ㲻Ҫա
һŵǰѯʣһؿڴһ
׵һЦ͵һһֱӴ׵ڱ˶ұ֮ϣ졣
޷󰭡
һƣֻҹһʯ͵ϮˡСˣʲô˵䣬һ˿Ԫ׵˿ڴƬ̣˺ѵ˿ھۿӵٶȷϡ
֣湻󵨵ģȻڱ״̬£ʯʥ֮Уһ©Ҫ
ЩԹ׵ա
һЦ֪飬ҲûзʲôɼԹһ߶߶ûֹ



1005 ɱ
ಣ
׵ͺһһӣұ֮еһﭵһɶ׵֮Уͷ񣬴ɶϣѪմһ˿ֲɱ̺УɱȻ
˵һý
ã͸ˣ
һƣȤ֮ǰʥʹ͸ׯƸֵܣ⽫ԣûҵգ
ɵ糺죬֣ĶĻҵɶ˾ȵģɽĸԹˣ
ֲ̿ģϷҹֵˣȫ鲻ԽһЦ
ã
׵ͷһЦã˵ҵĵãһˣҲͲҪҿˡ˵ţݸ
ԥбһ۲ԶϷϷһȻЦ⣬û𱸵˼ʱд󶨣ǧлش׵нӹ
ĽʱϲЦտǺͯİߣһʱЩ
ׯƸߡ
ۿõ˳ֵķϷתͷһԴεƸׯˣҲˣҲõһʥѭ֮ǰԼʥתˡ
ϷһǬнʥٻ˳ݸׯƸߡ
ׯƸһЦһΣûйԥѣأԴϷнӹʥĩˣԲ׹л
ϽѪգ
׻˻֣ߴٵ
ǣ
ׯƸӦŵ
ׯƸˣ׷׿ʼҧ⣬еѪһʥﭽһͱ磬ɹѪ
ʥԭ壬ǻĹҵ𣬶δܹӵСȴһǷޣ
ֺɡ
ңֱֵһᡣеķҲǰ벽Ĵڣ⣬һܹϽۼףֱĽʺޣ
ҹ뿪Ц
˵ģܹ񣬲һֵЯ࣡
Ϸ֣µس׹˹֡
֡ҹˣҲһһЧ¡
ֵܵеֿУ׵һЦΪΪ˻Щεľ棬׵תƻ⣬ˣѰѨ飬ʵһ˿üĿ֮ǰ֮ûߴңڰеʯģйϢ֮󣬻ʱסɱĳ嶯תѰٳľ巽λٶְɱĻҪʯļƻҪˡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵֮ϣһĿס
ʲô֣ԭҵֻҪ˶Ŀųٳٲ˵ģ
־һ־ϲ
˵ֿǻĹŷҵѰʦĹŷҿǺպѰҡ˭룬ڻĹŷҵĴѰǰ׷ǵѷɫڣҪһ
÷Щ١
Ҫ˵츳ԵʵѷһҲͰˣ˭Ƿֵ֮ء
ûϵڷΪó򡪡ѰѨϣҲѹһͷ
÷ƽһɼ褵ĴܸС
ûĹŷҵĴ²ȻȲһé®Сһп
֣˻棿
Ϸ˫˸˸Ź⣬һϲס
֣ľλģҪǼ̶
ҹһ°Ȼ
ԣھ粻һ˷ˣǵĴΣˡ
ɫϾشߴٵ
΢һ˼⣬˵ͷãȻˣ̣ʼھ
˵ţһӣһȵشӶ֮зӶ
ಣಣ
ţ֡ϷҹһˣҲ½Ӷ֮зӶһ˫˸˸Ź⣬һεشӵ׵
˵ʵҲֻҵԴͷ׻˵ײβҪҵҪһ̽
ȻѾҵ׵λãôֻ˳ϣţһܹܿ̽
һš
Ϸ֡ҹˣȫ˷ܵش궯˫֣һԾԾԡ
ߣ
ʩչѰۣɵ֮Уܿһɸ߷壬һΣƹһ㳯Զĸ߷һ·ϯȥ
ܿ죬һ˾շתŲķ˽һյĹһľǡƵľ޷£һŨ˵ʱˬ
֣֮
ϷЩȲס
΢΢ҡͷ޷ڲҪɽڲܹһ
˵ţ˫һӣһצӰֱɽ¿һɹͨеͨشɽڲ



1006 
飡
׷ħƽצ֮£ɳʯɣڶ̶̵һյʱڣ˱׾ٵز˾޷ڲ
ϡһ죬ٿأ׵ħƽצͻأشһӲʯû֮ǰһ׾ٵر˺ѳһͨ
ಣ
ʱ׽Ųһ٣֮ϵһĨȻЦ⣬λǵĿĵˣǰʯӦþ
ৡ
ʱ˾Ǿһһǰɢ̽
֮еģһɫʯ뵡
Ũ
͵˫һĲ˼飬û뵽Ȼɽڲҵ˴֮ߵٺ٣ӣǿ϶Ҫˣ
Ƿ֣ϷҹֲѰʿڿǰıɫʯʱҲզп
Ȼӱɫʯ֮Уܹ׸ܵһŨ
֣֡
ϷȲش궯˫֣һλԵˣʵѵãǸϽգ
ҵģ
һЦʩչطʼʯ
ֻһġ¡¡¡¡ڷֵط֮£ܿ׶ߵʯиķ˸ߣֽŲתʼֽŲͣæµƺҪʯ֮г
ΪûĹŷҵѰʦ֮ǰû׼ȷѰѨѾΪʯȻԸҪһشչ֣ڳһֵܴ۽硣
üͷɢڱɫʯ֮̽ƺ˼ʲôöûжʯ
ʱȥˣг
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿ¶⣬㵸
׷ԲʯܹгЧʣֱţ
Ҫ֪Ѱϰ׷ԲʯУܹгһѾҪллˡ
ɴ˿ɼҵ˴ȶô˵һ
λ
ϵ裬ϲЦտƣ裬ʵΣ
Ϸۼֿ죬һɨʱһľϲզ̾
ҹˣҲԷ޲ڡ
֡
֣ףҲʯգһ˵ҪеȫгƱҪķѲٵʱ䡣
׵˵ͷã˵䣬ʩչطͿʼʯĿһĻˡ
һӵʱ䣬׾˳г裬ɫ󣬴ȣʵأֵ裬ѷɫ
ʱȫһȻ
εشֶ׵ǸԹ֣Ϊʲôôǿƣѹһͷ
Ӣ䣬ûĹŷҵǰֱûƿԡ
ְ̾
ϷҹɵһЦ
ڷֵĸܣϷҹˣᡣ
֡֡
ҹһǳˣȫʯǷڡ˵ţҪкϷƸߡׯ뿪
˭룬׾ǰ˰֣鷳촽һɵĿ⣬ҡͷһЦֱӽɽڲȫҵıоͿˡ
˵ţ͵ش߶Ԫʱһɿ񱩵ԪЯһ糱ʥϯʼɽ֮ܡ
һ޷嶼ʼҵҡ·Ҫ޷һɿֲʼɽţþ޷ҡΣز
ţ
ü򵥴ֱֶΣ
ϷüͷһЦϲ
¡¡
ڣ׵Ŭ֮£һɾ޷͵ذεضҡػΣعѣķ޳˷Ӵܿ

͵һͺȣವһԭֱɾ޷壬ʱƾʧ٣׸˱ڲ
ӣʲôʱʯʲôʱʯ޾ˡ
ϲЦտԪ
Ϊһʥߣٳ˱磬ȷı
̼䣬ԲĿռ䣬һƬ֮أԭƶ˵ľ޷ƾʧֻʣһվһ޿ڲ໥Ц̸š

˭룬׵˵Ľ£ͻȻһɹɲɫڶ𣬲һͽټһ޿ӸУƻãҡҷ
ţ
ʲô
Ϸüͷһ壬ſ֣Ϊ衣
֣֮ǰ˵ɽֻһɲ֣ףҪ̽ص׿ռ֮˰գ
ҹһʱһ뷨
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵׵֮ϣ׵Ļش
ǺǣǸղɽ壬г򷽵衣ǽȫھҪ׬ˣ
ֵһЩȲ
ûôף
üͷãԴһ޷ڲ͸о鲢ûеô򵥣
¸ûһֻ֮˿õһ۷
һϾ
˻
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫΪ֮Ȼһ˼ס



1007 Ĺ
׾Ȼ˵˿õһ۷һ
ڳһ˵ȣȫﲻѣһ˼ӿͨҲ벻һȻ
֣˭˲ƴ֣гľ޷壬ڻҰ֮Уȡ
Ϸüʵ
ϳҹͣҡͷ
򷽵裬еĻĹңҲþõóġ
ңƷʣΪϳˣǲɶõƷ
Ҳ̫
üͷһ֣ǴҵжͲһϵ˿⽫ɽڲӶγһԴͷļ󣡡
᲻ֻһȱߣಿ֣Ѿ˸ˣ
ҹһ뷨
ᣡ
ֶȻ񶨣ǷȱԲӰѰʦжϣôһ˵ҵҲһ˿ͬС֮ǰӷˮ޷γѹʩչѰҲλãֻǸܵŨҵϢԭͲһϵ
ôһѣʱҲҵһЩ˿ܹһ˲жϳ쳣֮

۷׷֮ʣٿأ޿֮еĲɫҵתƬ֮䣬γһӴ磬һɿ񱩵ϯҡػΡ
ಣ
ӣ׵ͺһһȣӾ޿֮жӶ
ಣಣ
ţϷҹֵˣҲ̴ӶݶڲĿֲͺϹ޵ѪڣҪ˶ɣʥ߶쾳ļҲЩ֧Ųסæ߶ΣڲӶݳ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣȫɫ԰ף¡
ʲôˣ
һйŹ֣ǶҪֽУ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһ˫źХ硣
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱĿһĻˣڷԲɽ֮УǧƵɾ޷壬ʼ¡¡죬ϵһſӣһصƶ£໥ơһյʱ䣬ͣ
һյĹ򣬳׵е޾ɽʱһ̬ԭһ޿ӵλãֳһɾ޷壬һҵ̣ÿһɾ޷壬еһöӣ֮ߣһƶ£ڳһ֡
ģǺηʥܹͬʱƶǧɾ޷壿
ǧɾ޷ͬʱƣƺγһεƣ֪ǺηܣȻܹһɾ޷嵱ʯ
ĿǰƺǲСĴһ֮У
ҹϷֵˣһ˼ӿʼƲ
ɫǺ죬ǰһĻûлع
ĿһĻ˵ľ˷ĵ𺳣ͬʱڤڤ֮еһҲǿҵľη֮顣
Ҫ֪컯ɾĺĵشʮ򱶣ɽͨ¾龳Ĵܣ
ûв´Ӧ˹Ĺ֣
أһֱû˵ļ񣬾
δ䣬ৣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽˼ϣȴżĽ͡
ףҲһż
۽磬ʶױĹҵʥ˵ȷǾ֮ܡ
һżڡĹ֡ȼֵļء˵Ĺ֣һּΪֲصĹϹʱڵĴܴһơ
ֹƾǾ޷ƻģǽػҲԴݻٹΨһİ취һҵƽֵĲ裬ƿʮ޷壬ֺܹ˳ҵڡ
ߴһ̾ͻܹɣǣ
⣬ÿһδʧܣֶϴƣҪҪͷʼ
һһʮ
˻
ʱȫΪ֮ȻһԼĶ䡣
û뵽ǧ֮УȻĪĹ󣬾Ȼ壬Ҫ߶ʮ裬ܹ⿪֣һ֮ǡ
ŵɫҰס
֮ǰƶľ޷壬Ӧþǽ⿪ֵĵһȻǽ߶һûƶڶ޷塭ԣϴˣ
ҹ˼һжϵ磬ǶǵķɣҺǷӦѸ٣Ļ϶Ҫһغ
֡ׯƸߵˣɵһп
ԭΪԣЩţǺǧǧ磬̲޾İأ򲻿С
ׯƸ߲Ӿ



1008 
ûϵڻԵɺ֮£ȻһĹ֮У
һզпأĿ棬Զżʵ֣ȻϹʱĹƣôΪֲǣΪҪΪĹأ
ĪǣĹʲôǣ
ʵ
Ĺ֣˼壬һ֣һ㣬Ѿ̡һʣǹĹڹĹ֣һ˵ĸܲǿҡ
һ㣬ǳ׽͡
񵭵һЦһһʮؽΪԴϹʱڣ崫ƣҪ;ǷĹڣ
˻
δ䣬ڵһ˵ȣȫһԼĶ䡣
Ĺ֣Ҫ;ȻǷĹڣ
ǲţĹ־Ȼ崫Ĺ󣬶ңĹ󷨣
һľ
ѹ֣ܹƬɽҵһ̺Ũľ޷壬ԭĹĹ󷨣ĹڲŴ庡ǣʱһ磬пγ
ҹ΢΢Ƭ̣жϡ
˷׷׵ͷһéٿ
ˡ
Ϸ˴˫֣أЩģ֣˵ôĹ֣ߴ˲裬ͻܷɣ֮ǰƿһ޷壬ûмƶڶ޷壬ܵķɣֲȫ׶ܡ˿ĹֵķãҲǺš
ҪǼأƾֵѰѨغķһۣһܹ˳ƿĹ֡
Ϸ
ৡ
ʱȫĿһһҡҷЩԾԾԡ
˭룬ǹϵҡͷɣ飬ȫѰ·һ٣ܵһľ֮ɫ͵֪ôĹ֣ûоԵİգΪԽҪԵķԽǿֲ
֮ǰǲֻƶĵһ޷壬˼Ϊֲķɡƶڶ޷塢޷塭һʧôҪܵķʮϰٱȫǵ󣡡
뿴Ϲ壬ùĹĹȻǶԹĹַǳ˵Ǽʥ߾µʿˣ龳ʿ𾳽ĴܣڹĹǰҲԵòֵһᣡ
һϾ֮ɫ
ϷɵɫһЩͷɥ
ҹ֡ׯƸߵˣҲӿЦ
ȷ˵Ļ
Ϲ崫ĻĹܹɴĴڣ
ƾڳˣһʱ嶯¾ֻ·һ
ʱһʹͷĬձЩѹ֡
λ
ٿأ͵̧ͷ˫˸˸Ź⣬¶һĨױȵǿģˣҪԴأ

ȫΪ֮ȻһÿŹĿ⣬ס
ϴĹ֡
ϢһϣæʼȰ衣
˭룬׾ǵһЦ˰֣˼Ļ֣ģҾԲһʱ嶯˾Ŀ⣬촽˵Լ뷨ò˵Ŀǰ˵ҪĹڲϹŴĹڲ϶֮˵һıأ
Ȼˣ֮ԴأҪصĹڲҵĿֻ꣬ҵһöܹƶġӡȻҵıڲΪУ
һһʮؽĵ뷨˵
΢΢üȫЩɶͷԵĸоѰҵһöӣȻΪУ
˵ˣĹֵķŴص룬ԽԽֲ
ǣҸͲҪأֻǵҪӵһö̺裬ôܵķȻΪ΢ģ
֮ǰܵķһ˵ûʲôΣգ
׵
֣һֲţ
˼ķ֣ɵþȻܹڶ̶̵ʱڣҵ˹Ĺֵһ©ҪԴԴϵشӹĹȡԶԣΨǻ壡
ֵпԣôò˶ãܹõ֮ˣ
Ϸ˷ܵ㵸
ׯƸߡˣһҲǴϢ
ò˵׵ļƻǳĿڵһöϣֻҪһöӸ뱦У룬һĹֵķҲǳֲףҲܹ׾ٵվ
ֻҪȴĹϴƣô׾ܹʵƻʱҪ˶õʱ䣬׾ܹõ֮
ұеľ޷ڲ̺裬ԼĪܹг衣ֻҪظϰٴμƻܹõϰ裡һʲô
׹һ붼Щ鲻Խز
ϰ裬¾ǴоԶĻĹңδܹӵ˾޸



1009 ˲
ϰ裿
־ȫӵʾ޸»ص֮󣬿ɣͲţ׾پܹ齨һһΪɽʦүĹҵ峤ƽƽ˾ǧӵޣ
˷׷׵ͷǣ⡣
ΨһǵǣĹڲ֪̺ŶٵԴԴϵȡ
΢΢˫ûϰ裬˵Ϲ崫ĹҲȱֻ辡Ӷˣ
֣һҪֽĪΪһʱ̰ٲվ֮У
ҹʱظһѣ״ӳлָ
ģзִ磡
ҡͷһЦ
λھͿʼѰٹĹֵĵһöӣĿ֮̾ʵʩƻ
˵ţһΣΪһ⣬ڷԲǧɽϿ߮ͬʱϵʩչѰۣѰŵһö䵱ӡɾ޷塣
Ҳһ֮
ΪĹŷҵѰʦ˿ҲЩ಻סͷĿ֮飬һԾѰٵһöӵ֮С
ڶҹϷһˣնһ˫ֺʮְͬʱĿתŹ⣬Ϯ
ɫȥɽһͷХɳʯ죬һķҷ
ʱģһ޺ԶëȻ
˴ʱ䣬ҹĻ٣īҹɫأ˸оֲָ
ವһϷҹ˵ԣûϷѯʣ־޿κεذ˰֣̾Ϣæ˰죬ԲǧĹĹַȥ̽˺ü飬ȴʼûҵ̺ľ޷壡
ĹŷҵѰʦЩѧղ
һԳؿЦ
ĹŷΪѰңѰ֮Уνһ档
ǣΪĹŷҵ𣬷ֵѰˮ׼ȴ׿٣Ҫѷɫ١
Ϊ˱Ѱҵ棬ֻԼѧղȴûг׵ѰʤһȻҲĹŷһ̨¡
Ϸҹˣȫ֮ͨҲڿ೰Ц֣ԣҲû̫ڶ
û£һջģ
Ϸο˷һ䡣
ֿЦŵ˵ͷʱ̧ͷԶеӰ
ԼĪһյĹһɫĹâԻƳգŷ֡Ϸҹһ˷Ӷ
ৡ
ʱ˶鲻ԽЩһĿƵضס
ܵ˫е֮ɫײɵð̾ӣҵļƻҪˣһ٣׼ҽԲǧĹĹ֣ȥ̽˲ʮΣϧûҵڲͬľ޷塣ûз̺ľ޷塣ûв´Ĺֵ⵽ƻϴ֮ԸǿҪҳһЩ˿ȷӵ˳򣬼ǲܵˡ
ϷҹֵˣȫɥҡͷЦ
ԭָܹ󷢺ƣĹȡ޾Щ˵ˡ
û¡
³һҡͷһЦǵļƻͷǳӡĹ֣Ȼô©лɳá
ҪҲҪ⸽īǰ磬ĹָȰ֮̽һҲʱֻһɾ޷У̺ŨϢ
ְο
˵û
ҹ˵ͷĹϹʱĹ򲻿СȻûжþ޶ƸҲûʲôʧѾǷǳˡ
׵һЦ˵ͷߣѰһƧ֮أ䶴չǱޡ
˵ţһȵسǧ￪ĵطӶȥ
Ѿ֪ĹֵĴΧΪ˱ⲻ⣬ں޷£ܹɣҪԶĹֲǡ
һת۵Ĺ׵Ĵ֮£˺ܿҵһǧ׸ߵɽ壬ڰɽ俪һ·ơĩˣׯڶڷڣ˵롣
λ
׸һ붴֪Ϊʲô˵ÿô
֡ϷҹˣȫЩɶͷԡ
˵Ǭ۵޾ˣĵرѾʮַˡ裬Ӧ̰ڼƻʧ֮ҲӦ˵ʧ
ϾǮվ֮ȥڲƸൽһ̶֮󣬾ֻһֶѡ
ʿصģʵԪ޾õɣ
ΪڳΪʥ֮󣬵õһոطҪܹ
أ׵һϯڳһ˵ȣȫ⿪е



1010 
ڳһ˵ȣȫ΢΢һһ㵵ף˫֮УһĨ֮ɫЩ档
֡
һһէؾΪʥ֮󣬵õطѵǱ챦𣿡
ৡ
ʱȫһضס
Դ֮ÿһ󾳽磬ҪһضĹؿڳƹؿ֮׾ܹ׾ٵؽոµľ磬⣬Ϊܹõһµط
˵֮Ѿ˳õطһطʿΪ֮ľХ
һȭҳҰѪҺڣХ죡
ͬʿսУ͵ҡҷߵһ̶ȫ¶Զ
Ȼʱֻж̶̵һ˲ǣ˲ϢսУȫ̶̵һ˲䣬Ťתս֣ɱ֮С
˵⡰ЧãһЩɼҷ˵ѷɫڣҪһ
ȻˣطҲб׶ˣԱ׾ߣԸΪᶨĶ֣Чڡһܹط
ΪʥٶʩչԶڰ벽ԪʱҪǿ
֮ǰһغ֮ڣնɱʯƾľǻȻһµ
һطϽۼף
Ͻۼףȫ磬ֲ֮׸˾ǣϽۼͬҲǿ׵ľĴڣ׵Ͻۣ֮󣬼쳣һʥĵ̣ͬʿΪۣ֮
ò˵ǡǡϽۼסޱĽʵط޲ýΪС
׳ΪʥȻֵõһոµط
Ϸҹһˣĵľȣ
ԭΪոµطǴʹб죬һ֪ͣôһ¡
Ǻǣλ
һֵ⣬ʱҡͷһЦǿˡҵıڻԵɺ֮½˱죬ȫһɺϣŽûйϵҲûйϵȫһĻԵˣ
һһʮؽ͵
ȷ
Ž壬ǡû׵õ챦硣
Ͼãã³Уҵõ챦Ҳָÿһ˶ǴһĴڡ
ˣܹõ챦磬ô챦ҲͲֵһˡ⣬ļֵ϶Ҳһɳ죬ͬն
⣬챦ĳ֣ŽʣҲûʲôϸ𣬲ڽһר
֣Ȼ챦磬õոططʲô
Ϸ۹ֽѾЩȲˣǧˣ
ʱҹ֡ϷˣҲһ˫һеصȴ׵ĻӦ
ҡͷһЦȻַˣҲͲˡҽҵıУǾ֪ˡ
˵ţһӣһεʱϷҹֵһ˸ಡֻһƿ죬ڳһ˾ƾʧ٣׵ıڲ
ţһΣֻһɫĹâ͵һʱҲƾʧ١
ڲɫ󺣣˷ʱɾˣ˸εѣһ
ಣಣ
׵Ӱһ֣ϷҹֵˣΧ£һףȴ׽һɽ
ǿɫһѪܵô
˽ƵĿ⣬׵һЦһָ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬󺣵شȥ
ͨͨ
ֻһǿһɵ࣬ڲͣţÿһýɫ˷ƺѪܵ࣬ɫһУÿһǣŽɫ
ԭ࣡
־ΪܵԵʣ˵鲻Խز֣ʵı챦һγ֮ʣǾͶѪܵ࣬ǳúˡֻǵֻΪѪֻܵ࣬󺣵һ֣Ǳ챦һû뵽Ȼõոطй
֣̺֮һŨҵƺ֮Ϣʲô
Ϸѯʡ
࣬۷׷ף׵һЦµطС˲
˲
Ϸҹһˣȫһ
˲˼壬һйأ
һƣһһʮؽ񿴵Ѫܵ࣬Ǵ֮Ϣûɵĳ



1011 
ţ
࣬ڵ֮Ϣûɵĳ
Ϸһʱʧɫ
Դԡ˪ľѪҲչٵ裬ԣѪ̺֮һ֮Ϣһ㣬Ҳûʲôֵġ
ϷеԽܵǣ׾Ȼ˵ڵ֮ϢԻûһ

֣ζʲô
ζѪܵ࣬пܻһոµ壡
ȫͬϾ壬ֻ壬ֻҪܹڤظͿ֮֮ȥ
Ҫشһûôס
ͨ˵ÿһ֣ƶõķܹ̺־ǲƵġ
ףҪһֻܹŮʿ˫ޣһ
ǣҪشһȫΥ־飬ûпܡ
˵ˣǴ˵еۣҲδʵ
λɡ
촽һЦ֮У̺֮ϢһֵľѪ磬˵ҵһ
ֻҪѪܹܵ࣬㹻裬ܹһ
Ȼˣһոµ壬ֻһһУϢİ壡
˻
δ䣬ȫΪ֮ȻһǿŹһףԼĶ䡣
ģûգ֣Ȼܹ˵е
ϷԴεǲ˹һһš
ֱּһ
ҲѾɥʧʶϵզп

֮УǴڽ˵Ĵڡ˵ÿһһ꣬ӵŻصʵǷܹᲢۡ
ǧǧ֮УȺ
˭룬ǿֲȻ׸ˣ
һʲôĸ
´ӽǿ֮ʱ֮䣬Ϳٻһ׶󣡹һ룬˸оޱȵ磬ޱȵţ
ʱףؾͶ֮䣬ܹŤתս֣ȡþ޴ƣ
֣ûգȻܹһ
ҹһ˼ףϵ׷ʵǣ㱾Ϊ壬ζһգ
Υ˷ܹ־۶У
ҹüͷ
һԾŶ¶ҹֻΪڿЦ
ҹ׵һЦ֣Ѿ˵ˣһ壬ȻоҲһ壬ֻ࣬һ塣ˣҲҵһǿս
ңһܹҵĲϽߵľ磬Ϊ
ϲЦտ

ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһ
֣պһͲٴЩֵ˰գ
ֿףһ컯ɾͽֵܸ֮Ժˡ
Ͼ֡Ϸҹˣ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽˡֻϺȣǷǳǿĻȫԶ
֣˵ĶĻ֮Զֵܣ
ҡͷЦ
֣Ͽ콫״̬µգѾЩȲˣ
Ϸ궯˫֣һڴס
΢΢üλֵܣ֮ǰѾ˵ҪһͱҪ㹻裡
ԡ
ֹ
֡
㲻ǽһ̺ľ޷壬˱磬㽫е뿪䵱ϣҪ˶ãһܹѸˣ
˵ûѾЩȲҪһķˣ
Ϸһܵػһȭͷ
ײɵ˫һǣ޷̺裬һ뷢ֵıأ˵ӦƽֵģҶе裬Щⲻȥ
¶һĨεɫ
ȷ
׽޷̺裬ȫôһܹˮɣҪķѵǳ֮࣬裬Ҳֻǿʱ򣬷֡Ϸҹˣûˡ
Ǻǣֵ֣ܣǿʲô˵ˣȫ㷢ֵģûκεĹϵ
Ϸһжشߴٵڣе裬ţֵҲԹԵģ
Լǡ
ͬ˵Դӽ컯ɾ֮־ͶξǵңϵЯ˵û֣Ҳûǽ죡
裬Ӧù֣־ͲҪˣ
һơ



1012 ٻ
һʱ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫ׷ױ̬Ȱס
Ȼڷ֡ҹϷ˿׶裬ȫ⣬Ϊÿһ˶ڲƸǷǳÿء
֮£ܹӵֵܣ˷ǳں顣ڷ֡Ϸҹ˵У׳ΪֵܣһǧѷĻԵ
˵˷컯ɾΪͬУ˵õԵ׬ǹڣΪɱ䣡
ΪһĲƸ׷ʮɿЦΪ
һֵܷ׷ױ̬ײһпķǳøж
ãνŤƴǣЩˣ
һЦӦ
ǺǣŶ
һˬʶŽ壡
֡ϷҹˣɵһЦ
ΪֵܣҲԣֵжף
Ϊؿһ۷֡ϷҹһֵܣЩֵܣܹˣѪŨˮֵܡ

ͺһһӣʱһεϯ
¡¡¡¡
̼䣬ǧ￪Զ֮УһƯеɾ޷壬ƾհεض𣬺ƴʯ͵س󺣵شӶ
ৡ
ʱȫһضŴɾ޷塣

˾ǣڵһɾ޷壬ȻȻ֮ͣ˰Уţ콵Ư֮ϡ
ڱУƿŹ򣬾֮һ֮䣬ܹأ񣬲ٿһɾ޷壬ֱֵ顣
֣һ֮
ѵ촽Цس嵽׵ԣȻʯٶԶ㣬ҲֵܹһЩѹ
˵ţҪ߶Ԫ״ɾ޷֮Уг
ŷ˳ģײɵҡͷһЦŷҡҡ֣֣ĺˣǣҸҪгȼߵ
ڱڲֻһͷܹð״̬µ࣬ɾ޷ڲ裡
Ц
һεͷ
֣֣Ͽ춯ְգϷߴٵ
׵ͷһ
ͨͨ
ʱһǿ˵ĶĤ֮СɷԲӴ࣬ҵÿһҡػΣɽХͬʱһɿֲӲڲϯܿͽɾ޷С
λ˺󣡡
һ
ಣಣ
ʱϷ֡ҹˣȫ̤ǳԶԶܡ
顭
һ̣ĿһĻˡټһɾ޷壬ϵر鿪һ֮£ɿ챬飬һת۵ĹһֱӴ޷壬ͻΪǧʯ֮С
ͬʱһۿӵıɫɾ޷ڲҲƵسѪܵϯȥƽӻ뺣һѪܵڲһɵıɫϢ
ͨͨ
Ѫܵ࣬ÿһøǿһͷϹޣȲҪ
ƣ˸εѡ
ϷһһضԶɵ࣬һզпѸ֪ĻΪǹ࣡
̺İʮʢһһΣͻӵŲ׵ʵ
罣һϾ
λ
һӣƾճڷ֡Ϸҹ˵ǰЦǺǵֻһ࣬Ҫһ״̬µٻҪһصʱ䣡ԣҪһķɣҪȺ򣡡
Ϸҹֵ˲¶һź֮ɫ
Ҫһô
ҹƲƲ죬ʱ䵹ǲԸʱܹǴ۽磡
֡
Ϸ׷ʵ״̬µǲұˣǷܹ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵֮ϡ
Ȼ׼һֻӵһô׵ĸãûôֲˡ
ĿеĽƣһƣǺǣ⡮˲»õطȻطôͲ׶ʧ
Ҽİ״̬ڶսвұУôһǿʩչطһȻˣʵֻг״̬Ҫ
ֻҪر̬ĵˣҵİһ̼ܹɨսնʤ
׺죬һЦ
˲ɵ־ϲһ׵񣬳һĨĽʺޡ
û뵽ܹٻǲұУҲܹͺٻһԷٻ
һľ棬Ϊۡ
ԣ֣ղ˵Ǽ٣
ϷƺץסһĹؼѯʡ



1013 
ʱ˷׷Ϊ֮һһĿضףԼĶ䡣
ףȻܹһ
ԭΪ»õطֻܹٻһˣѾ˷ĵĽʺˣ
˭룬׾Ȼܹһ˲ٻ
Ƕôֲ飡
ȷˡ
˸ӵĿ⣬Щεӣʼ»õط˲˼壬Ȼܹٻˣ
˻
̼䣬еȫһһɫǺ죬߷ߵȭͷ
֣㰡
ûس׷һۣʵͬʿҪսʤ֮Ѿǻãˡ˭룬ȻӶػطÿһεõطĽʺޣӵŤתǬһٵ춨սֵʵ
ûˣҾǰЩ𣬶ֵһᣡ
ҹҲЩɥףѵĸо
֡
ϷһЦףǸǺĸ֮Ȼ֮ǰҲƴҪС֮Ĳࡣ˭룬ÿһͻ֮֮ʵ࣬ԽԽֿҪУ
ΪֵܣϷ֡ҹˣ׾ոµطԭǷǳ˵ġһ˿˿ĽʺޣҲӰֵ֮顣
ǡ
κ˵ĳ޵ġϵػøָĻԵˣһʳ׿ֵܶֱǶ˵һִݲУ
ǣϷҹֵˣĸ֮͸Խˡ
˵ÿһͻƣ֡Ϸҹ˵ģƱһ㣬Ϊһֵ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ֮ÿһεõطϷ֡ҹ˷ĵظе𺳣ͬʱͼ֮ĲͷҲԽԽ
գԶô͵ǰױһҪ׸ĳ嶯
׵Ĵڣĳ̶ֳ˵ʥӣһִݲУ
褺
Ҫһٵˣ
һ߷߲ѵضԼЦشȤ˵ţȫ£һʵϽһɭĵ̣׵Ĺؽ֮ϡ
˻
ԭĦȭƵļϷˣһ״̬µףȫһĿɬЦ⣬׷ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ף
¾ײ֣ɼϷ״̬£Ҳеʹ
෴ϷҪʱ׹ؽڴĵˣһСģˣҪһѪʱ򣬿¿޶ûеطȥ
ˣˡ
Ϸһɥǻʵʵɣȡͻƣ̤Ԫ磬ҲòٸϺȣ
Լǡ
ֽ罣֣͵һӣһƯĽҪٲֱ׷պҪٸִ£ֻܴˡ
˵ţ͵һζƾմ׵ıڲƾʧ
ҡͷһЦҲһΣʧڱڲ
ޱ޼ʵıڲһƬɫ󺣣ϵκˣ󺣵شһӴкХ磬ϵشһľ޷ڲȡһɹɾ
ͨͨ
һѪܵ࣬Խǿţʾһʢ
ڲ
סϷֵ˸һѰһƧ֮أʼϥǱ
ǲϵش߶ڵԪһ֡ض·ȫתһ׵ˣһ㰵ɫ֮С

ãޱߵĺĵشɽϣʱһ޺ӽԶ˸εѣ١
һɽһѾһڲã޼ʵĴ֮ϣһƬռΧ£
ֵһǣڻɽ֮ϣÿһξ룬Ͳһ죬ƵƮһɿֲӾŸ֮ϯ˲ȥؿ֮Կһͼһ˫չ߷ɵĳ
ͼȻǾı־
ɽڲǾΧռ䣬֮ǰһˣڲһӣղұ˳
˿̣һ˴Χռ䣬һ·ɳۣԳŻɽһӶ
īڳһᾪ㵵ķ֣֮УȻʥȪȵĳī
׳ϣһζ㣬ŲұסŵһСС⣬㲻Ҫƴǣ
һͦΣһ˫տɫ˫ӣһͳһǬԵݸī



1014 Цص
Ǻǣ䳤ϡ
īһЦԳ֮ͣҳݣ䳤ܹң棬Ƕҵһְ
˵ˣʥȪǾ죬ͬˣֱ˴ˡŵֳ溦Ϊسʦ棬Ȼ顣
īƤЦⲻЦ˵һЩ滰Ӹ˽飬ͬ˾ƣͷͷǵ
˽ˣĻīɿͷεԼˡ
׳ϣⲻǵһС⣬ҳݡνأ׳Ͼ񱡣պضºȥ
䳤һīܳ𣬵ʱһ¶һģ
͸ī˼ñӡ
˵ī˷ô䳤ϳ𲻹ЩĿ˵̬ˡ
ò˵䳤ϣΪΧռĸˣǡô
ȻˣҾֻйˡ
īһЦ䳤ϵнӹǬҲ֮С
׳ϣ˷ȥ۳Ͷ٣գҲףһ·˳硣
䳤ϿīӹǬʱЦغ
ʱ䳤ϵĴ£īλʥȪȵĳϣܿһǰ
ݼ䳤ϣ
عسͳ˹أӭ䳤һˡ
ϡ
īعسϹ˹֡
عسİȻЦ⣬׳ϣһ׾پ˳溦壡Ϊ컯ɾһָĿسʦ
عسϵķ֮ʣīΪãЦǺǵذǫ
䳤ϵĴߴ£عسϺܿͽ˽䳤ϵͬ£ī˾Գء
䳤ϣڡ
ī䳤һ˻˻֣ڿնֻ˲仮գʧʡ
Хɳʯ졣
䳤ңīԶȥӰصһһīΪҲ²һεĳ溦Ϊ
ǾʥȪȹһ˰Ѫߣδ룬ڲȻ˸˹ƣ
ңֹƳ棬ǱڷǳֻᴫȾֲ꣬ƻΪֲΪ溦߷ɽӴ󴨣˲ٵĿسʦ˭룬ȫΪīһһ̾˳棬еϵȻͿ
䳤΢΢˫
عسվ䳤ԣɵõһһ㵵ؿ䳤ϣ䳤ϣ˵һΧռǧѵһĳ溦ΪʥȪȵӱ˹ƣ
䳤ΪȻص˵ͷ
ǣǾʥȪͬˣֱ˴ˡʥȪΪҪȦأ
عسЩͿˣҪƻǵΪҪī棿ȫûе
عسϿʥȪȶԾ¹ƣûжԡ
ϣƽҲһͷͨǸôô鶼͸
䳤ЩĵбһعسϣϣûԶѣֻԶ档ǾȻʥȪͬ˹ϵֱ˴ˡǣֻʱԵĻðˡ
Ǿ죬ʥȪȣʱ޿̲׳컯ɾ
һΣʥȪȦף룬ҪĿģǴ̽Χռ䣡ϾߴԣΧռ䶼λҪʮء
˷Ϊ棬īǰīȻҲܹ˳̽ΧռˡΧռʥȪȸˣôھ˵ǼΪ飡
䳤΢΢˫ɫ
عسϲɵõһһ֮ɫȻ䳤ϵһϯعس϶һȫµ֪ʱԵΪ
ǡ
عس΢Ƭ̣ɻʵȻ䳤֪īףΪҪأ
䳤ҡͷһЦ¶һĨ֮ɫҽȻΪ档溦ѾôīҲɥʧáΧռ̽߰˰ˡǲȻصʥȪȵģ
˻
δ䣬عسϲɵϢһϣһֵض䳤ϣ䳤ϣҪīɱ֣ݺݵһĭعسȰ䳤ϣʹð˵ף溦ȫƲˣһ˺ˣǱɱ޹ˣңīʥȪȵĳϣһĿسʦǽնɱʥȪ׷롣ʱҵͬ˹ϵҲΪ֮ѣ
عسһģ䳤ϲɵõĮһЦģҲԶ֣Ҳþ˶֡
ֻҪǾΪôʥȪҲܹƽ׽ˮõϣʱʥȪȾͻǴ󣬴ʣ
䳤ͷЦ˫֣Яһڸ࣬ɶȥ



1015 ʿ
䳤ϷɿʧӰعسһʱ˼׷ɣɫӲѡ
īôҲ龳ĸ֣û뵽䳤ϾȻžԵİսնɱңҪڸ֣֪
ܹնɱīҪôǲ𾳽ĸ֣Ҫôǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡعسϣŵط˽⣡
عسҡͷпһתصڲһ֮С
ಣಣ
īһˣһӾΧռһ·Ϳռɣһ⣬֮䣬ǧ￪⣬һ·֮ϣɢһϢĿֲϢûв۵ޣóȻ
ʦ֣һ˳̽˾Χռ䣬Ȼ˵֪֪ףһо֮УǣһµҲǽΧռ˽߰˰ˡ
ֻҪǽƿصϣʥȪȣһܵЯݵλӴһɳ죡
һλ׷ͯգɷǵߣīУһ·֮ϣϵЦԵΪ˷ܡ
һμƻõˮ©
īһЦ˵ͷʹʥȪȲɹ˰Ѫߵӣڲ¹ƣвٳϼԣ峤İ壬Ŷ˳˼ıһɳ죬϶ǰ䳰ȷĳĽ
ī죬˵Ŀܡ޲̻صʥȪȣϢš
ϲʦ֣
ϲʦ֣
λ뷢԰׵ߣ׷׹ϲ
īУԽԽ
ʦ֡
ٿأһλ׷ͯյߣسѯʵ֮ǰ䳤ϸһǬΪ𣬲֪Щʲô
ԣīһֱӴͳһǬһֱӽǬλߣǬʹ͸ˡ
˻
ʱλ׷ͯյߣһԼ˫
īȻҲһۣͽǬķʹ
ȻõҪϵīڲƱѾôˣīĵģǼܵЯ
˵ȵī˳صڲһܵΣΪǰĺˡ
ʱٻ󣬻Եˣò
̽һ
λ뷢԰׵ߣ׷̽Ǭڲһ̣λ׷ͯյߣɵɫһϲһЦ
ǬУƷϳ˵޾ˣѻһСɽ⣬ʮƿÿһƿڲ̲һȪ
ܹʮȪ
һݳȻʮַȻûʲôĵرϡϣȫʵʵı
£λ뷢԰׵ߣ֪ؽǬڲĲϣһΪռһ롣

Хīһûϵǣ￪һɽڲһɢ͵˫Ŀ⣬һţ˲
꣬һϮīۣȫ²ûʲôܹ˱ʵݡ
˿̣֮Уһ鼦ģʯʯڲһС㲻ϵһֹĺӶ
ԽԽƵʣҲԽԽ죬ʯЩȵ֡
Ŀˡ

ʱ겻Զ꣬Ҳ׷˫һǴһϮīĳۣĿ̺һĨɱ
ǺǣΪնɱīϧӱǺнΪ⣡
ǵݣڲ֪Ҳ޼һֱڱǺ˵£һֱǳ͵컯ɾҲûʲôһΣ֮ǳҪɱ֮У
ͷ국һЦ
һ˷׷𣬴ɽڲĶ֮зӶԳīķɱȥΪǧ׷ʯָɱֱīķȥ
ʱһɿֲϯ糱Ԩ纣ҡػΣɽХ㱼ֻΪϹ޴˸εѡ
ʣĸ龳ĸ֡
֪ǣһĸ꣬˰ʿÿһˣܹ׾ٵڳ̨һʶӣһ
ڰ£ʿһֱṫΪ˱֤ݵԣڣʵǳ̨Ļᶼˡ
ĸˣǰڰеһѴ֣Ϊ಻¶顣
ʱĴɱҪȷīһնɱ
Хضɽҡһݵɱ¾ضȷѪꡣ
ֻǣ˿̵īأԳɺ֮УڲȽΣȫ޶ԡ



1016 ħ

ХһƢĻݷҷϵī˫
ӿٶȣѾȲҪصţܷˣ
īһЦһȵؿʼԼٶȡ
ಣಣ
ʱ⻮Ƴգһš
ٿء
Զ֮УӰʯһ㣬ӭض˳ԾǣӰϢȴֱīһ˶ƺīһ˵Ŀֲ޶ԡ
ţ
ƺв۵Сһ׼Ѱ·ˣȻǵȥ·
һ뷢԰׵ߣһӭӰʱһЦ
ĸСһѵûиܵǵϢô֪龳ĸ֣ҲóȻǰ
īɵüͷĪǻòͷˣ
ī˾֮ʣӰȻ˽ǰһϢֶ
СӣʥȪȳϣãһ·һΣٸóȻҵȥ·ͱҽǴң
ī˿һҪصţôɱ䡣ԣʮѵõ׼һ·
ĸһϮۣϢ꣬ɵһЦ΢΢ƣһЦϣֻһİνĸֱӽԵıٻ˳
ȥȻǳԽʥĴڣǰ벽
˻
ʱīλ׷ͯյߣȫϢһϣΪ֮
⼸һ߲ƣȻÿһ˵һ벽Բӣ
īڵһʱ䣬ɢʼ̽˵ǳ
˭룬īһĻˡī֮£ĸһεīһӴͺƳԨ֮У԰Ρ
ת˼ȦԲ˵ĵϸ
ʲôĸһʵҶԲ̽
ôܣ
īȻһ͵صͺһӣ
бɱȥҲƵؿʼӶݡ
ʲôӣ
ģǶмˣĸС߲ƣƺҪɱǣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣһҧгݣæīѡ
Ǻǣӣûôף
ɱ
ֻһȣͷ꣬͵سīһɱٶ֮죬ȫûһӰԲ
𣬺𡭡
ʱһƽըװ޺Ľŵףȫƾ۳һ̡̫
ԼĪ׷Բ̫̣תһī˵ľ롣
죬ΣʦһУ
ƴˣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣһ޷׷ɱʱһҧһᣬȫ߶Եı׼ƴɱ
顭
ʱһɹ糱ĿƣϯЯſֲԪôعѣҡػΡ
ɱ
ɱ
ֻӰֱ׷ͯյߣλɱ֣ǽŲһתƿλߵԳīķ׷ɱȥ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ӣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣûϵһӾΧռ˰ɱʱƴȫλɱɱһ
ԭΪī˳λ뷢԰׵ߣһȼվѪȫɱ㾡ȫҪʱ䡣
˭룬λɱ֣λ뷢԰׵ߣһλþɳ߾ͱɱϢ٣ҡ
ܡЩһʲôȻӵ˿ֲʵ
̶ֳȵʵ龳ĸУǳ͵ĴڣڣһЩǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣҲѷɫ
λѽѣһԹضǰλɱ֣֪λǺΪҪͻʩɱ֣ΪѣҲװף
λɱһЦλƴ߸ô
ٿأһλɱеһﭵһһţһɫľӱڲ
𣬺𡭡
Ƴİɫħ¶ЯһǵĿֲħŵλ뷢԰׵ߣȫҡҷ׹̶֮УȫԶ
ΨһԳѪӣͫ׽һ˼ضɱİħɵþǡħħ
ܣħħΪλ컯ɾ֮У
ǣѵǰħˣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣ鲻ԽؾһǿŹһλɱ֡
ħ˰ħר壬ʮײУһ֣ͻذħ졣
ͨ˵ħ棬һֱ壬޾ԴΪС
ϧħһֱδܵóѡ
뷢԰׵ŵǣ񣬾Ȼ컯ɾڲħ
Ȼ˵ħ壬ֻ״̬µİħҲЩ׽



1017 ֮
Ȼ˵ħһֱͷΪĹȨÿһʱգҪһս
ǣȻս죬Ϳ̿컯ɾҲ޹ϵ
ϾħͨҪħצ컯ɾҲȫܵ顣
컯ɾһʱƯ磬ڴڤףܹ׺ɱۼĴڡ
ΨԪµʿлᲽ컯ɾ
ʮ֮󣬾ͻᱻʱ֮С
ħʥӣǽ컯ɾҪ컯ɾзչ齨һ֧Ҳȫܵ顣
˵ΪԼҪ컯ɾ뱾һ£ȫǳ˵Ρ
ħʮֲֻֿҪ꣬ӵԶԪΪԣһİħΣܳ컯ɾ֮еģ
˭룬λɱ֣ȴٻֲİħЯһ˸εѵĿֲƣԿ⡣


ֻĲҽħĿҧ֮£λ뷢԰׵ߣȫһغ˵ͷ­ӦѣΪͷʬ
𡭡
һ֣ħ͵سͷʬɱȥƺҪʬҲ븹Уá
ħ
ǧһ֮ʣλɱַ׷һеıѪİħջڲ
ʬ壬ҲʥȪȵ֪ħˣɴǣ
λɱһЦ½Ųתһ̲ͣسīķ׷ɱȥ
ͬʱīλɱ֣һֱ治ᣬң֮ľ룬ԽԽС׷ɱīֻʱ⡣
ģЩɱһǾģĻΪһΧռ䣬˽ɱ
Щ˵Ϣƺһˡ
䳤Ϊ˲ңܣϧѪ
ī˼ӿھ޵
ּīţͻɱ֣һܵ˾ĻָʹȻ˵ĸɱֶһ壬ȻԴīͷĻɡ
ԡ
ҧг֮ʣīٿһüͷΪҴӾڲѾһʱˣЩһܵ˾ʹΪܹ׼ȷҵҵλã
һˣīʱ˳˼
䣬īüͷչ϶䳤ϸҵǬ⣡ģֻҽǬʹ͸£ûϸһûжϴĻǬڲһһ׷ٵĶ
ī΢һ˼⣬ʱͽ⿪ͷɻ
һ䳤ϣݼ¯࣬һֱΪûзҵıƣû뵽ѿ͸ҰȦףҪնɱ
īҧֱ졣
ͣͣ
īҧгݣ֮ʣһĽâ˺īĻ֣ڼ֮һǵ˿ڣƤⷭתѪ졣
ƴˣΣҶҪ˦һ
ǿ׷ٵǬѾҵϣֻҪܹ˳˦ɱ֣һ˿ʱɱҪҵңڳ롣
һˣīʱһᣬ͵һӣٻһֻƴСĳӡ
Ϲƣɱ
һī־һĻ̼֮ɫ
Ϊ컯ɾһָĿسʦīȻҲŲٵĹƳ桢档ϹƣųƹƳ֮ǳ
ণ
ণ
ȫɫĽϹƣһ֣ʱͷţʳһβһīɫĶʮŨһ̾ͽԲĿռС
ãǽϹƵĹƶ
죬ܿ
һӴīɫĶλɱֵĻ־ͷһ֮ƼӲĲ໥ĦʮֵĴ̶
ţλɱָΪ㵵鷢ˡīɫĶȻ֮䣬˻ֵڲʼʴλƤ⡣
͡
һʱ䣬ӴƤɿؿʼã
ģϹƵĹƶδҲֲ̫һЩ
īʵһ㣬سʵȴС
λɱ֣æ߶ԪеĶȫƷ˳ȥ
ͬʱαˣϵڶΧߣɢīûߡ
ɣⶾڲϵ󣬰Ŀǰ״Ҫ˶ãͻᲨǧ﷽Բĵ򣬵ʱīһѡһӶݣҪҵڴ룡
ƴˣΣīĳ
λɱһ̾ʹɱ֡
ϣϣ
ʱλɱһ벽ıڲԷɳǧɵİħ
𣬺𡭡
ħһЯһɿֲħҪɨء
ħ
ͷһߴٵ
𡭡
ʱħ׷³һڿϢŨĶϯȥ

糱Ϣ֮£ŨĶǷɿɢţɢҿԾۼһ
īӰҲ¶ɢҵĵ֮Уɼ
ʲôǰħ
˿̵ī˫һ˼ضŸ߿еħһʱЩĿࡣ

ţħλɱֵĴ߶£ȫӶӰ죬Գīɱ
ħž綾ѰĹƶҪɱ˰ħǳ롣ǽϹƵĹƶڰħӰ죬ҲǳС
ħɱڣ¶Яһǵħīɱŵīȫ̱Զ
Ϲƣ
ǧһ֮ʣīһ
ণ
ֻһ˻һ̣һһš
ţڿеīɫɿñ䣬һʱ䣬ͱóһָֻֻ״СĹƳ棡
ȥгǧֻƳƻȳһ㣬飬糱
ݣ
īĲٿ£ǧֻƳ澶ԳŰħɱȥ
ͬʱǧֻƳ棬īīһŨĶ֮УسԶնӶȥ
էһֻΪһƮƲʣϸһ֪ǳǧֻƳ棬ÿһֻƳ棬׶һͷɲޡ
ãˣ
׷
λɱֱһҲ˸߿ȫѵİħбһΪһ⣬ݿնȥ
ಣಣ
ʱ䣬ɱҲǼʱϵ˵ֱӳŷٶӵī׷ɱȥ
𣬺𡭡
׻˵϶ˣҲҧ
ǧֻƳ棬ֱӽһɵħΧɣðħʮʹ࣬˾ţſѡ
ಣಣ
ΪӰʧɱеıڲ֮ϣת֮֮ǰȴǰ˲١



1018 

һյĳƣЯԨ纣ĿֲƣϵسԶշӶȥʮֲֻ̡
ڲԶӰɱڵؽ׷ɱÿһӰīΪһڹ⣬Բ
ĸɱֵʵδҲֲ̫ˣһЩǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣֺ
û뵽Ϊ˲ң䳤ϲϧڰеӣӣҪ˳ӳ죬Ѿǲ̫ܵˣ
īһľɥ֮顣
ΪһʿгɵʿԼޱȵİϧī龳ĸ֣컯ɾһĿسʦǰ;Ȼ׾ѡ
УһҪһ߲֮У
īüͷһʱ˼ӿ
īٸ翹ˣѷɣ
ʶʱ񣬾͹ԹԾͶǴ󷢴ȱһȫʬ
ͷɱ֣ըףЯһɰԪֱͷĿѣҡҷֲҵֿĸо
ޣҾͶֱǳ룡
īһҧʱһӣٻһֻ档
һָֻͷС棬ģưƣȫԲΣ쵶ʡϹ˵˵вҪ˲١
ǣֻ渦һ֣һƢķҷ̲סһȫˬһĻĻõľ󣬽Ÿǰڻþ֮УƮƮɡ
ʵǿ޹ԽǿԽã
īһ
ಣ
ָСĹʱʳһһҶƮƮشûɱֵ⣬ת֮䣬ʧ١
һϰֻУΪļֻ֮һ
ӵܹԻĵķ㣬˲֪׹þ֮޷԰Ρ⣬ǽ併ܹٶ֣޾ǧĹƶ
˹Ҳɵʦ¹ˣ
Ϊ˹ҲܹڹʦгͣУΪҿԸĹʦ¹ƣĻĹʦҪ¹ƣûã
īһЦ˫ó죬Ըܹƾķ㣬˳ǿǰֻ֣Ҫܹɱ֣Ҿаӳ죡
ī׷ɣȫϣȫڹϡ
īҲʮֵڶ̶̵ʱڣҪһֻ棬һֻԿ龳ֵޣֱ췽ҹ̷ʷǳã
ɱ
ɱ
ԼĪһʱ䣬Ϲٻĳƣӿ糱ڽӶݵ£¶һ˿ƣ̬
ܿ죬һ·׷ɱɱ֣Ѹٱƽһ벽ıʼ裬Žɱһʱ䣬Ľ۳ϵسīƺҪһ˲䣬īһɸӣ˺ѳǧƬ
顭
ֻһıīĹƳ棬ܿâ֮£ʴһƾ١
īĻ֣Ҳ𵴣ֿҪơ
ţ
ѾҪֲסˣϧҵĹûпڣܹܵԶӦҲʮ΢
īлֿ̼Ҫĸо
Ϊù˳ǿչīͿʼŻתȦһһ˳յޣͻ׾ҵī
˭룬ûȹīѾҪ
ಣ
ٿأī͵һ٣˫΢΢𣬶ݺݵضĸ׷ɱ֡
ǧ̫ӵһֱƳ棬֮ʣԱһּΪ񶾵䣬һһʱ򣬱ˣͬ
ѵͬھô
īҧгݣݺݵ˵ţͺһֱӷɳһֻཱུķʳӣֻӣһ߰˷˾ǣֻȫѪ죬˶ı֮ϣһСĳ򣬶ȥһĨҫ۵ӨӨ⣬Ǵ֮棬ӵһֻֿص
ʲô
Ǵ˵е¶ꣿ
ų֮е棬ĸɱַ׷Ϊ֮Ȼһÿһ˾ǺЩη֮顣
¶꣬һֶ档
˵У¶ֻΪĹʦʦط
˵Ҫõһֻ¶꣬Ҫȡʮ棬̶׵УӲͶʳʮ໥ʳֱֻʣһֻ棬ѡȡֻصĽڵ㣬ñѪιʳм䲻üһ죬򽫻ܷɣȫö
ΪƳ¶꣬īķӣñѪιʳڳɹƳһֻ¶ꡣ
Ϊһֻ棬¶ã涼𣬲ܹս
ȴܹ֮ʣеԹ޼ڣûһ䣬֮ˣñ֮˸ᡣ
¶꣬ǳأַǳ񶾡
ڹʦʦ˵ȴôӵ¶꣬ʦͶһֶΣϾߵĵˣҲܹͬھ



1019 ¶
ͨ˵¶겢ܹսŤתս֡
ǣ¶Ĵڣȴܹˣõ˲Ҷɱɱ֡
ī¶ٻ˳ҪͬھҪĿģҪŻɱ֣Ӷӳ졣
⻹ҵһν¶ٻ
Դ˳Ƴ¶֮󣬻ûܹұƵҪͬھĵز
գҪɱͱҪһˣᣡ
ҵ¶꣬Ȼ޷ƾ֮ò𾳵ĸָᣬǣҪһ龳ļһֵģ
īͦǹӭŷ磬ҧ䷢Цһɭɭĸо
˻
ʱĸɱһһȵʹɱ֣īԹޣ¶䡣
ɱγһΧȦīΧȻǲԸ׷Źī
һɱ¶ԥѹ֣īɵһƣȰûжϴһǾ峤ɱְգû뵽ˮôȻĸڰôû˲
龳磬ӵΪһ·֮϶ѣҪĪ븣ˣӵĳɾ͡ǣһʱ嶯Ϊɱңƽ϶ֵ
磬Ҹһ顣
īһЦֻһ·ôһڣǵݣһȻԱƣ䵱ɱ֣
ǲңԸѪģ
īָͷһŵضɱ֡
ĸɱֵʱһۣ½¶һĨЦ⡣
īɣ
ͷһɱϣƺīһ˵ǣûжҡǡ
ţ
İɱīʱϢһϣȫ鲻ԽضǷŹңֻǻܵһ𷣰ˣǣִҪɱңҪһ
ǣĪĲ
īһصɴ˫
ϣ龳ʿ˿ϧԼңīĸɱ֮䣬ޣûбҪΪնɱīԼ
Ȼ˵ɱʧܣĸɱ֣϶ܵ𷣡ǣĸɱֵݵλ𷣣Ҳһ̫Ͽᡣ
Ͼĸɱ֣ס
ī
ڣͷһɱźĸ㣬ˣܹԼʶʵϣǵʶ֮УѾһʶӣֻҪǵ֮ģ̾ͻʶһغ
ԣ̰һ·ô˶ɥȪ
ɱ㣬ֻһ˻
ͷɱһЦ͵һеıЯһͨ쳹صĿֲɱīɱ̴˵е¶꣬жôֲ
ಣಣ
ͬʱɱ֣ҲһΣ׷׻ӶеıīΧɱ
һī಻ɵΪ֮һ֮ϣʱֳһĨ֮ɫ
ʲôˣȻʿ
ңʶ֮бʶӣеʶƿˣ
īЦԭΪƾ¶꣬Լһ˿̸еʸ
ûϵԵɱ֣Ȼ˲ٿصʿ
һīҪͨ粻֮࣬˵ʿԼһ·ǳ˵Σûпܵ顣
顭
һʱ䣬˻ҡػΣĩս١
Ĵɱͬʱ֣ͽīɱѪ죬ȫƤⷭתɥʧ˷
¶꣡
ǧһ֮ʣīһ͵һơ
ʱһ̶Уȫë
ಣ
¶꾶ī֮УīĴ߶֮£ʼռޣ׼ͷ䡣
ڵһʱ䣬ī˫ͷһɱ֣һ˫֮УһĨĲԹ֮ɫܹɱˣͷɱѱǧС
Ҫô
ͷɱ֣ܵīеԹ֮ɫɫٿȻ䣬еıȴûͣɱ¾
ٿأͷɱ͵һֱӳīͷ­ȥ
ֻҪһУܹ̾īɱ
ǧһ֮ʣīͫ׽༸Ҫֹͣ
ס֡
īΪٲʱ̣ͻأģһըװı쳹أ̺һʥ־ϯ
ʱĸɱֱܵȻһΪ֮һ١
ǣسϡ
īΪ֮һţ˫֮бһĨ⣬͵תͷԴ
ڶϷʣһӰٶһգۼ䣬Ȼ˽ǰ·һ㣬һ֣ɽХ˻



1020 
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬ͶһӰһͦεӰ̣Ԩ·һ񣬾ܹģ͸̬
ֵһǣĸ龳кжֵɱ֣ڿ˵һ˲䣬͵Ϣһϣ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ˣȻǻ˳̨Ͽɵı롰غꡱð벽𾳽Ϊ
غ֮컯ɾ֮Уν
Ȼ˵غֻа벽𾳽ΪһЩĲ𾳽֣һβСľ롣ǣغȴЩ𾳽ĴܻҪ
ԭǳļ򵥣ΪغܹͬʱԵǳңڱԵϣͬʿУﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ͨ˵˫ԡʿ
ǣ˫ԡʿԣ໥ơ໥ų⡣ܹͬʱڵ
غ֣ܹͬʱļһǧ궼ѵһ
Ͼһ˵ĵռ䣬һ¯ҪͬʱԵ߻ħԱǺš
˾ǣغ겻ܹͬʱԵң軹ǳøߣ󼰡
ŵǣغ껹ԴһЩԵⷨؼԣͷųһЩ˵ķ
غꣿ
ʥȪȵ˫ɫغꣿ
ĸɱһĿˡ
ڵһʱ䣬ϳ˵ʵݡ
û취˭ñݣˡĸɱһܵıϢͲ³˵ݡ
سϡ
ī˻һ͵ӰһΣԴӰΧȦѳ˫ɫغԡ֮ϣһĨٺİȻЦ⡣
Ȼ֪˫ɫغڳԼ϶оˡ
׳ϣû°գ
غһеضī꺮ů
īҧгݵбŲԶĸɱ֣ݺݵسϣ㲻֪ҸһӾΧռû߳Զ׷ɱ׷ɱҵˣȻһ壬ǣȴӵżΪֲʵһЩ龳۷弶ĸ֣ضáҸҿ϶Щɱ֣ǾģĿľҪҸϾɱӶΧռܡ
źǣҵ飬ѾЩɱֵС
īϵһһеʥɱڣƺҪغ겢սԸȥͬ鱨ѩޡ
Ȼ峤Ųˡ
īıԹغΪпǰΧռһ£峤ͻȻӦ¾Ļ죬ڰнɱ㣬֪ӶƵһɶʱǾҪҾ鷳Ҳûкʵɡ
ҿһ·ɳۣ㼰ʱϵĻûлûϢƽʧ׳ôһΪѵõĹʦˡ
غ˵ţſƣһưģ棬ͷ˳˵ܹ֮ʱϵҪָ
ৡ
ī͵رˣ·Ĺīϲ񣬡ԭù䵱նǿû뵽Եɺ֮£ȻسϸˡӣسǾûΣˣ
īһ͵ŹͳһöƵ鵤ι
ʳԵʮֳ졣
سϣҪһҾ׼ͷ¶꣬ɱͬھˣ
ڣΣ
īһεغꡣ
ಣಣ
δ䣬ĸɱֽŲתīغȫΧ£ƺ׼뿪
ǺǣҴ˷ǰǴʥȪȵ棬ʥȪȵˣ˲ɱ׳Ҳˣһһ
Ĵɱֵİɱ⣬غ국ĮһЦ˵Ļֽţ˶ī׳ϣѾˣòҪսԸĸСϺףһ˾͹ˡ
ţ
سϣ⡭
īȻһæҪغĪ⡣˭룬û˵꣬غȻΪһ⣬ͷһɱ֡
籩
ֻһȣغ˫֮У͵رһɹͨ쳹صıɱѸٻñɵľЯһԿƣԳɱɱ
ƴˡ
Ű벽𾳵غͷɱУͷɱֶʱҲҵ͵ش߶еİ벽ͷųһħ
ͬʱ˽һԳغȥƺҪغһ



1021 籩
𣬺𡭡
һʯХֱħצسŻϵɱȥ
һ̣׶ľ͵سײһ𣬺ƻײһɽѰıԴ˿ǧս
̼䣬ǧ﷽ԲĿռ䣬Ӧѣ˻ĩսһ㣬˸εѣ֮顣
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫĽ֮ϡ
֮ϣħצ޾ħӿ糱۳һյħƣƺҪƬոȫɣ񷶥֮£һƬޱ߼ʵĳһ𺣣ħ໥ײŽǧȥɽ˳֮УԿϵطҲƵ໥ɱţһʱ֮䣬ǴذǬת
ȻħҪԵĵˣֻлϵ
໡
˵ʱʱ죬Ҳһʱ䣬ϵŭһ͵һˣ򣬾ԳŰħϯȥֵһǣڱϵĿУһ絶ı׶ÿһ׶һ˱ǹ̺żΪֲƣƺҪһ˲䶴ħ
顭
ֻһıһյİħ͵رһı׶Уʱȫһ£ط
ء
һҵ˻ϵش˿
ͷɱ֣ʩչ˽һ⣬ٿȫһнٿΪ֮԰Ϊ֮һ١
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ڴʱɱ֣Ҳ׷һеİ벽ͷų顣
𣬺𡭡
ʱħÿһħҰһ㣬һͷҲƵسűɱȥ
ԭռϷı̼ͱƵ·硣
顭
Ǳƴⲫȫ·硣ĸɱգۼ䣬̽ɱǰƺҪֽɱغ꣡
سϡ
īʶؾһзҪս
Ǻǣã
˭룬غ꾹Цɫž޲ɱڵĸɱ֣δڣʱǼʶһ¡籩ˣ
˵ţӣ죡
໡
غĴ߶֮£ϵϵ׷״ӰħĽɱѳ޷˵سŶԷײȥ
ȫɱİħӦֹ
ֻ͵زһ̫ͼһϢٶȣϵתͬʱ޾Ȼˣıϵײ𵴣ɽѡ
¡¡¡¡
ʱ䣬˱ıԵĩս٣͵سײһ𣬿ֲıըس˷ϯһʱҡػΣ˻ȥԲǧĿռ䣬ȫһŰţʱ֮УһпܵԨ֮С
ţҿʲô
īŵһ£æſ֣ԶԶӶݿһСģܲӶش̶ֳȵ˳̼ܹɨĿռ䣬δҲֲ̫ˣһֱ˵سӵԿⲻ𾳸ֵʵȻԷ飡
֮ıīһʱεѣЩ״Ρ
ʱ䣬̳ɢ䣬ȥ˳شؿħըñˣϢ٣Ϊ飬ҪΪ֮顣
ܡ
ãشűҲܵǣ
غȻ鴫Ϊ룬ʵֱ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸɱͷһѪغ˫һĨ֮ɫ
죬ջ
Ҫͷͷɱ͵صͺһһһħԻΪһڹ⣬һڵı֮С
գ
գ
գʱɱ֣Ҳæջ飬һغη
Ǻǣڸܵҵ˰գ֮ǰҪԶʤôôһúɥȮһˣ
غһЦ͵ش߶֮ı籩Գĸɱϯ
¡¡¡¡
Ŷͷѹı籩ĸɱһɫŤ׷ʩչطһ󣬷ֵһİ繥ơ
Կǣڿֲı籩Ĵݲ֮£ĸɱΪǱһɫ԰ףҡΡеһҶۣʱ㸲Ŀܡ
ɱ
ĸһɱ⣬ҲþʥȪȵֶΣ
Ȼ˰ɱңֱﲻ⣡
Զīһĸɱ·磬ʱֻ㵸вͣػš



1022 ս
غϣغǿ󣬾쾡µչ˳
Ȼغֻа벽𾳽ΪǣƾŶڱ˫ϵĳǿƿԼԴصķطڶսʱܹչֳڲ𾳸ֵʵ
óνֵĸɱ֣Щʴӵĸо
Уȥһ᲻ϵرҪŤתսֲУĻ±˵˳ɱīˣ뻹Ҫغɱ
ƴˣ
ɱ
ĸɱڶݵ֮󣬺ܿͳһ˲ԣһȼھѪ׼ʩչطغһս

ʱһɹɳ콣Ĵɱֱ٣Ҫնɱܣ
ţ
Ҫƴô
īȻһЩسϲΪ˵пȲ𾳸ֵı룬һ֣ͱƵĴɱȫɱʩչѹ׵ľ
˺ѳյĽīһѺ
ǺǣҪ㾡ȫˣ
غüͷ΢΢ƣ籩߶ǿֲ
顭
һʱ䣬콣׷ɣȥգŽԲע⣬̾һغĿܡ
ಡ
ٿأԶ֮һɫսƺƵ¡¡ֱȥؿɫսĽԿһͼڡ
ȻʥȪȵս
ţ
żսһ׷׶ȥī΢΢˫ᵽɤ۵λá
λãΧռ䣬Ϯսھ죬ôīغĴ൱ˡ
ϾغȻΪǿһģѾΪǻϮôغֻī֮ززˡ
һ֮䣬ټɫսͳ˵֮УһֱĵīҲڿ˽֮ϵĹͼڣʱĻŭţ㵸̫ˣʥȪȵսսͺӦʥȪȵɱ
ɱɱ֣ҲûһʤԣҪ֮ززҲǻã
գǵڣ
īЦһΣԳԶɫսӶȥ
ټɫսһ¡¡ͣǵһŴ򿪣ս֮һԵطӳʮӰһǴʥȪȵʽۣ˵˺ȻʥȪȵɱ
ͷһˣӵ۷徳磬ʥȪȺպɱԼĪ׵ߣ֣ν˶ͺͺԴ͹ǺǹһĨɭɲЦݣ˿˲ɵò
ϣ
īһͷУʱϲЦտǰһܱ
׳ϣ̫ˣ
иĹͷУһīʱһɱˣѲͨû뵽;ͻȻӵ峤ǰΧռӦ㣬ˣ
һ·ʻսȫǰվһҺãسȸϵûƽ
һЦ
ϣл˵س϶һˣӲĴɱ֣Щһ֣Ĵɱһ򾡣
īڵһʱһ顣
ã
ӦʱīһɣĴɱֵλɱȥͬʱһɹ糱ĿֲƣϯƺҪض顣
ãебǰ󣡡
⣬غԿȻռϷ磬еǽܣ
ĴɱָһܵīɱʱһĿ࣬˵͹ȣԭҪһƾһǻѪغһսĳ嶯̼ɢȡ֮Ĳֻ̾塣

ٿأͷɱ֣͵صͺһȻȫûȡʤĿԣٸ翹Ҳֻ·һţ峤Ӧòǵģ
˵ţһȵػΪ⣬Ҫ֮زز
ţ
ӣ
غüͷһΪЦûܹҵƤӵѹ
ȣ¯
֣
ֻغһֱٻһһͭ¯һ⼣߰ߵ¯׺ɣת͸һɹϵϢ¯֮ϣЩơ
ȻЩƲȴû˵Сͭ¯ΪһĴڡ
¡¡
غĴ߶֮£ͭ¯͵شûǧɵӴ¯͵ؽĴɱ֣ȫͭ¯֮С
ʱĸֻӴܵɱ֣׷ײͭ¯ıݣһײñףͷѪ
ƿ
ɱ
ĸɱ֣龳̳ʱȫűͭ¯ţĽ䣬ײ¯֮ϣһ
ϧĸɱδ߶а벽ıƿͭ¯Ľ



1023 ͭ¯
ҵı¯ýıרĸС֣ҲҪƿҵı¯֮ززֱ쿪
ƴĸɱ֣غЦʾһױȵš
سϣ
سϣ
īɱڵظϵһغȻĴɱ֣ʱüЦ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ϊ룬سϵʵ˷ĵظе𺳣
̾
غ΢΢һ°ͣƺˣҪ¯еľžűˣ
˵ţ͵رһ
¡¡¡¡
ʱټͭ¯֮УһҡػΣ˻һ͸ĽӰƾ۶ɣһʱ䣬ͭ¯֮Уƾճǧ͸ĳÿһһޱȣɱ硣
ֵһǣǧƵĳһĳ𽥸ֳһĨĨɫĹɭ̹ǣʣĳ𽥵ظֳ˵ɫĹ󣬺һһ𣬴ڳڲȡ
Ǳϵ飬ǻϵ飬һҪ˶ɵѪߣʱ¶һȮݣҪһɡ
˻
ī븵ˣȫĿɿڴͭ¯еĽ󣬸ˡ
ܵī븵еľ֮ɫغԽ⣬һߴ߶һϲؽͭ¯֮Уǧʮ顣һĽ飬ɱɣһĽ飬ɻɣȻ˵⽣ֻʥ൱ǧʮ۳һټĽһ뷢ͱüΪֲ龳ĸ֣ԵֵַӾҪһغ
û뵽ı¯֮УȻ̺һҪǲұ¯ˣ϶ֻ·һˣ
Ҫ֮Ľ飬ɲһ׵飬سϺķѪӣĸС֣¾ֻˣ
ī븵һЦ
ɱ
ī븵еľ֮̾ɫغҲٳɣʼ߶ͭ¯еĳ󣬿ʼͷɱС
͡
ʱǧһ㣬ڸ߿߮ɢ̹ǵĽâֽ໥ײϵرŽֲ񳱣˲ͽĸɱָûˡ
ĸɱ֣ҲǷ֮ۿغ󣬵·׷֣ͣ˱űγһ
ħ󣡡
ֻһĸɱֵڣ͵һȫԪûɵħħĸɱ֣ͭǽһ㣬ƾĽأ˿
ţ
ɵغ꣬һδЧʱɫһתһЦû뵽ĸСһͦӣҵľžűİ繥֮£أܹڲ֮أ
̶ֳֻȵĵֿվҪҵϣ
غ΢΢˫ʼȫ߶ڵԪ

ʱһɹԨ纣糱ԪԴغϯûһغұ֮ϡ
˾ǣһǻϵһǱϵȻֻһǣȴһּΣյĸоһͷϹޡ
سϣıԪ
غұϵĻɢĿֲƣī븵ȫȻһզྪ
ûҵıԪûɣ
ڣҾҪԪûɵȼͭ¯žűӻ𣡡
غȻһЦȫƿ֮С
ʲôľžű󣬾Ȼܹɱٳ߸ͷһ
ţžűȫԽɱһ龳ĸ֣ʿ˵һجΣûϵ⻹Ǿžűȫ
ī븵˫һգգضغꡣ
ȣ
غ걬һ֮ϵıϵϵʱ˻һԳͭ¯ɶȥ
һʱ䣬ֻһĻϵϵͻûǧɵľצХ죬һ־춯أĸо
ȵĿ£ϵ˲ͭ¯޾ıϵԴԴϵشͭ¯ڲ̼䣬߮ı͵رһС䣬һɳ죡
ͬʱǧɵĻϵ̳һţûһƬȵ𺣣ϵظͭ¯ȣȵĻϵԪ͸ͭ¯شڲһɫ߰Ľ飬
顭
һգ۵Ĺ¯ڲžűʮԽܵǣžűյ࣬ڲͣţ



1024 ڤ
顭
žűƾʮԭƾšħ󡱿סĸɱ֣ʱЩ޴룬в
֮䣬ĴɱħǧƵĽ֮£ˣֿҪױơ
ĸɱֵϣҲǱһɲĽƤⷭתѪˮ磬½
ˣĽ󣬾Ȼƾʮɱ̶ֳȵĹ˳Ҳܹ֧һӵʱ䣡
ģѵǽҪˣ
ĸɱһ̵ֻ
׼ڤ壡
ͻأģͷɱѹɤ
δ䣬ɱ֣ȫ˫һһ־ϲ
ã֮ƣҲֻڤĺһܹƳӳˣ
Ǻǣı룬ȻǸƵ̶ȣҲͱǴݻͭ¯ˣ
ĸɱܿͳһ˸Ե
ڤϣ
ڤϣ
ڤϣ

һ̣ĸɱַ׷ҧ⣬ӿһѪеڤȾһƬʺĿ
ﭣֻһ̶ĽѪĽ֮£ְ಻ס˷֮飬ڣĸɱ͵һеı
ಣಣಣಣ
غ˾Ŀ֮У˾㵵һĻˡıһģһڤȻڴ̶ײ֮覵һ
ȥԭ벽ڤȻĺһһڤ
ڤư磬ɱ죬ٲȻѾһٰĽ
˻
ڤγɵһ˲䣬غꡢī븵ˣȫĿ࣬һɵۡ
ţûпɣĸС֣Ȼеİ벽ϳһ
īһСţۡ
Ҳģ벻ɵõһ

غڶݵľ֮֮ϾǸֳһĨЦ⣬Ǻǣ˳ĸСһնɱ˵ܹõһңһԲֵĽ
һˣغĬھȫ߶ԪûɵĻϵϵ
໡
һХֱͭ¯ҵҡ
ڤ
ͭ¯֮Уڤγɵһ˲䣬ħƾֶ£ĸɱָûͬʱħ֮УŷһɹǵĿֲƣŵǧƵĽ׷׶ܣڤ档
һһѪ˿һɽӿ˵Ŀ⣬˲ڤ֮ϣһӵŰֱۣĿԴιϡ

һӵŰֱۣȣĿԴιһ˲䣬īغȫһԼ˫
ţĸɱ־ȻҲˣ
īһţδҲ̫ˣҪ˵Բ֣ҲϡƽʿôԺ壿
һֵͬܣҲ޷壬ĸһ˰ħаŻʩչΥͳɵط
һľ壬Щ಻סķŭ
𡭡
ӵŰֱۡȣĿԴιںɹ֮͵ͷһըףħƣһʱҡҷֲǷǺڰףаƶ
й۲ϸˣһᾪȵķ֡ӵŰֱۣȵιȻӵĿͷ­ǣֻһͷ­˫˸˸Ź⣬Ѫ죬һּаĸо
ͷ­ͫ׻Ұףһ㡣
Ȼˣ̬ϵıãغ˵ǹעص㣬غעιľΪ
غеεǣι︦һΣɢһɲڲ𾳽ֵȻĲ𾳽޷ᲢۣҲԲ龳ʿܹ󼰵Ĵڡ
ãιľΪȻź壬ƾһأ
غɫһһƬ
ţιƺѾӵſ𾳸ֵΪ
īʱȻһŵ׷
ģһ𾳽ĸ֣һɱ֣Բ֣
뾪һʱЩϢ
ţ
ܵī븵еľ֮飬غ굱һӣⲻֻһаطȻιӵ𾳽ֵƣڵԪʮֲȶʱԱΣաǵвԶԶĲ𾳽֣
ңûжϴι״̬ӦҲֲ˶õʱ䣡
غҧأȫ߶ͭ¯Ҫ㾡ȫؽιס
ͭ¯ҪĶȻ龳ʿˣһӵŽڤι



1025 ˱ħ
¡¡¡¡
ͭ¯ҡΣǧƵı飬¯ռڲ߮ţƺѾЩȲҪѪɱ¾޾
ϧڽڤǰֵһᡣ
𡭡
ٿأֻһƽըװıӵĿԴֱ۵ι͵ػеڤûһĿڹ⣬Գͭ¯Ķǳײȥ
˻
ʱī븵ȫΪ֮һͷһĨԤС
䡭
ֻһɽѰıڤιĲٿ֮£ŷһݵĿֲ˳ֱӽͭ¯ĶǸײ鱬죬Ҫͭ¯֮ϸ
ۡ
͵ػغϢΪ֮һϣſһѪҲ͵һΣЩӸ߿е
سϣ
سϣ
һغѪī븵׷ǰһеضغꡣ
޷
غҧȫ߶ͭ¯һööķĺư쵺׷ɶ𣬻ͭ¯ɢһɱ⡣ͭ¯طĵļӳ֮£ʼһĽ࣬ҲƵת
ͭ¯ĸӣҲȵס궯Ľûñ¯һ˿һ
顭
Ȼ˳˵һײײͲô׵ֿˡιķײ֮£ڤԽֲܿ죬ͭ¯ڤĲϴݲ֮£ʼ𽥳ֿҪһٳƵơ
ҵı¯ȻΪýڲ磬Ҫһءι߶ڤҵı¯ЩԵֵ
غҧأƴѹι˵⻹غӵб¯֮󣬵һνȲ𾳽ĸ֡
Զī븵룬Ҳ˫ֺʮغף
ϡһıʮͻأ˷׷׶ȥֻһڵĽƾκһ㣬͵ؽ¯ĶǸƷ˳ȥɨҶԭͭ¯ڲιʱһɳ죬׾ٵشͭ¯֮
𡭡
ӵŰֱ۵ιֳڤһͭ¯ѳ쳤ХҡػΣް
ȥϹ޺ճһ㣬޾ħֱΪ֮εѣϢͣ͡
ãιˣ
īʧһʱɫ䡣
ɱǧιˣ
ֱֳɱǰҪι
ӵ۷徳Ϊ߮ڻҰ֮УΪʥȪȵɱÿնɱͷһָʥȪΪײѪɱ
𡭡
˭룬ӵŰֱ۵ιܵɱΪĮƮƮػӳһ
ͣ
ֻһĽ˲仮Ƴգ̺һĨԱĿֲƣֱӽɱڵĸ˳ȥͬʱһѪֱۣܵӦѣشѪ꣬˹ǿһۣ鲻Խ
أҵֱۡ
۷徳ĸ룬ι︦һ֣ͱ׻һֱɣ³Ϊһ
ϣ
īȻһæһΣڸ׹֮ǰ令ס
ţ
Ȼҵı¯һιԴ˽ı¯㻹ͷһӱ¯Ľ֮£ѳ˶
˵ʲôӳ죡
غһͳһööԿɫ׵ķģһɭضιÿһöֽ֮ϣ̺һľ׵
ֻһغеʮöֽ̼ȫͬʱһɫԻƳգӵĿͷֱ۵ιֺҶȥ
¡¡¡¡¡
һʱ䣬˻ҡػΣ龳ĸ֣ڶɽһ㣬ԲǧĿռ䣬ϵ׽٣˸εѡ
سϿǶˡȻһͷųʮöϵ׭
īĿ࣬ĺһκˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ʮϵͽι
ϵ׭ֻҪϢܹٷУѰʿ⧲֮£Ҫֿϵ׭͵Ϯǳ˵Ρ
ڽʮϵĺ֮£ӵŰֱ۵ιɵ÷һ̶ĲҽУ͹ϵɽ̡ܿ
ȵĿУ̳ɢؿι壬ˣƤⷭתڵİȻҲɢ˲١
غֵûǣιһԴع׵ϣأԳһĨŤʵɫ˹ǿһۣЩ



1026 ·
ء
ιҺʮöϵ׭ĺ֮£һɥ֮ȮһŲ·֮زز
ѵͷѪȪһӿһ·֮ϣѪһɴ̱ǵѪζ
ʹ죡
ʹ찡
Ź֮еͷ­ȫ˵ĸ룬ʮֽޣһʱ㵸Ļŭš
ಣ
תһ˿Ԫڶѵֱ۴תƬ̣̼䣬һոµֱۣۿӵٶȣɿ
ǺǣسΪ룬ʥȪȶһ޶˫ɫ룬츳ѪҲֻȼ󻤷ѷһ벻𾳽￹⣬Ҳȫ·磬˷ĵĤݣ
īһп
žһŭĸ룬޸ֱ۵ĵһʱ䣬͵һذδУ߸Ծ𣬽ţһǧ׹ֱһŽڵصͷȵϡá
Žѵ飬һЦΪ㡣
ӣûôף
˵ʱʱ죬ʯ֮飬غͻΪһ⣬Գ֮ززι׷ɱȥ
һ￪⡣
سϣĪ׷
سϣС
һغҪιϾɱī븵뵱Ȱ衣
ɹԹȻڵԪķȷǳô󣬵ǣԲСغ꽫ιƵڱˮһս£غҪ˳ؽιնɱȫˣǲܵ顣
ңڵλãΧռǳýһɳһǰӦʱ򣬾غӵŰ벽𾳽ΪҲδܹ˳

غһЦĸɱ֣һ壬ȴӵ۷徳Ϊ룬ɲľ죬ҲڶʱڣҳĸɱָǿԮˡ
ǣҪʥȪ˺ֱǲڸǰӦĻҽҪնɱĸɱ֣þúüʶһʥȪȵ
غһƶ
ȻǾþȻΪĸ龳ɱ֣ʥȪȽ񣬴ݻ֮ͬ˹ϵ
Ҫ֪ʥȪΪսͬˣܹ֮ھҵĺĵشչ׳ȫ໥֣໥
Ϊĸڰеɱ֣ϵ֮ìܣڵ̨˺
ôƱؽʧȥʥȪѡ
ʧȥѵľ죬ںĵشľơλͷǳȵˡʱٵʧҪĸ龳ɱҪöࡣ

һ磬ڼӲ᾵ɽ֮Х졣
ī븵룬غӰɿʧʣһӿЦ
سһ¿Ƣ׼˵飬˭ģ
һ
ԸسܹȻĻⲻȥ
ī˫¶֮ɫ
׳ϣΪ˱ǸϽ·ȡջصţҲý̽Ļ鱨Ͻɸ峤
뿴һīߴһ
ҲáҲﲻʲôæֻسϺȣչȥ鱨ϳʡ
īһͷӦ
ϣ
һ
ϣֻһĽʥȪȵɱȫ룬ɵؽɫս֮С
ī븵룬һΣҲɫս֮С
¡¡
һ̣ټɫսһƵĺΪһ⣬ԳԶշӶȥ
ڲ
ϡ
īһһؽյĻ鱨ǳҪȻıΪһʧҾ·Σ
˫һʱͬص˵ͷ׳ԼǣǷȱˡ˵ţһӣɫټ׵ʿٻǰ
׳ϣСһҵĸԲᱳѣ㾡ܽ鱨ַǡ
ָǹͦ꣬꣬ӵʥڵΪƾһ֮ɻҰʥȪȵҲû̫Σա
á
īͷһЦһŻ鱨Ϊ˲¼һģһ򣬿¼УϢīе
ǶҪȫԸ񣡡
īɫϾһ֣µؽַȥ
꣬׷׽Ʊ棬ţȫܷŸ룬ֻ踵һ£ͻ̳ŲͬķӶȥ
ؿһ꣬һӡ
ǵһɫս·Ŵ򿪣ӰֱŲͬķϯȥ
һӰʧãã޼ʵĻҰ֮УХԶĵطʱشһ޺˲



1027 ǧ޳
ϲ׳ϣ˷˳û鱨ػصʥȪ֮һܵЯ࣬һɳ죡պٻ󣬻Եˣò
ʱ򣬿ǧҰ
һƿ𣬸īһ
ĶĻ
īһЦһΣҪسϼʱϵҰȻصʥȪȣһ峤ǰԼ䡣
ԣ벻ɵɫһϲīơ
ƹѲīΪسѯʣϣΪʥȪΪɱײβΪóɱ͵ϮʲôʱҡײУսˣңµľҲˣ峤ʮֿ㰡
ī֮ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
벻ɿЦ׳ϣ֪ǰʱ䣬ʥȪȵˣںĵشıԵī룡Ҳ֪īʥȪȵͨҪ
峤ڵ֪īںĵشԵ֣϶īҪĵشʵǳ̨֣ɱҪҵīӰνҪҪʬ
ΪˣҲò㾡ȫ¾ɱ֣ȫټֶ·ʼںĵشѰīӰ
ϧҲ֪ĵشãã޼ʣһ̨ʮɣҪҵһˣڴ룡
һʱɫ࣬ȻԼ񣬲ûжɡ
ʲô˷ͨҪī롯
īѾ伣ǧ꣬û뵽Ȼ¶ˣҸеȵǣīΪͨҪݼУȻĵش
īһľȡ
ΪʥȪȵĳϣ龳ĸ֣īī¼һʵϣīīҲˡ
˵Уīǲ֮ףīĴڣһجģ峤ǧټƵҪ֮죡ϧīǧǰѾ̤龳磬ΪǸһ¥Ҫҵ񣬼ǳ˵Ρ
Ҵ˷ֶ飬峤ʱһ𷣣Բ١
һܻī޵񣬶ʱƤʼԹԵعƣԵΪơ
ϣҲҪżνͷȻֱһҵİ취ġīοһ䡣
ҡͷԣһعƽ
ٿأī뵽ʲô˫˸˸Ź⣬ˣϡôһ˵ƺһǳؼ
Ϊ֮һ̧ͷ־ϲضī
ھΧռ䣬һʿһʶĸоһ￴ңƺҲΪȣȻε÷ǳãվûӹҵĻ۽𾦡
һǱ̬ȥϢԣҪӵݣסʱҸе֣Ͱ˹ƣһɫĹƳ棬ܹ˵อ֮УԲ
īһһʮؽԼ˵˳䳤ϵĴ£רǰʼռ鱨溦ͽ⵵֮Ժˡ
ϸһ룬ӺпܾҪҵī룡
ī΢΢˫һƶ
δ䣬벻ɵõһһϲضī׳ϣҪǧſڿӰ죬ԭί޾ϸظң
Ÿ뽹ƵīһƣȻſڿӣΪͨҶԹƳĸӦѾܹжǸ˹ƵļһӵѪ
Ȼһ
һӵѪˣûбҪǰڣңָһʶĸоǾʶ
ּͨʮа˾žʥȪȵͨҪī룡
īһгģ
΢һʱͷվϵش궯˫֡
׳ϣôһ˵ھΧռ䣬ˣпܾҪҵͨҪī룡
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
û뵽ī뵹ҲЩֶΣȻܹϢشӾ쿪һ辶ĵشأĳ߲㣬ŲǳĹϵ
һˣʱȲشߴ׳ϣȻ˵˹ƣôܹͨƳ棬ҵīľλ𣿡
ܵеĿ֮ɫīһھƣĩˣ赭дص˵ͷϣīųƿسʦûһ㿴ұ죬ܵ峤ã
ҵģ
սڲȵĿ£īһһֻ͸ĹƳٻ˳
һָֻϸĹƳ棬׳мƣӵȫ£͸ӨɢӨӨ⣬һΪ鶯ĸо
ǧ޳棡
īĦĵĹƳ棬ȻһЦ



1028 ɱ
ৡ
ʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬ī֮е档Ȼ棬Բ࣬īǧ޳̬ȣҲܹ³ǧ޳Ĳ
˵ֻҪ棬һ׷ѰҲֻܹƾӦǧ׷٣ǧ޳һεĴڡ
ī΢΢°ͣһĽ
Ÿ뾪Ŀ⣬īɤӣҵǧ޳棬˵׷֮ͷųӳɫǳױ˲ң׷ҲѰܹᲢۡѰ棬Ҳܹ׷٣ҵǧ޳棬ǧҲɶλǷִռ䣬ڤڤ֮ҲһƸӦ
ʲôָ磬ȻиӦ
һЩԼĶ䡣
ͨ˵ָ磬ͲͬһλˣȻͬһλϣôλķҲͬͨ쳹صۣҲѶһ
Ʃ磬컯ɾҪ֪̽ڳ˵Ρ
ǣǧ޳ڣֻҪһӳͶУôƾǧ޳ӳϵ磬Ҳܹӵһź˿Ӧ
ȻˣΪͬλ棬ԣӦҲϲ٣һǧ޳ôӵĺǣһλ棬Ҳӳ졣
ǧ޳̫ǿˣǧ޳棬ãã֮УҪҵһˣҲ£
һզпѹ׳ʥȪУܵ峤ӣ׳еЩ棬Ϊ֮۲ˡ
һΣ׳һ֮ҵī³֮һ£
ظīһ֣¡
īæ񣬡ϣ֮䣬񡣡˵ţҧͷһھѪǧ޳ϣǧ޳潽Ѫɺ졣

ʱ׳ģǧ޳棬ʼͣ䶯һĽ࣬ī֮ߡ
ţ
ī͵һɫٿȻ䣬⡭ôܡ
쳣ĸΪ֮һ㶣ѯʣ׳ϣû°գ
׳϶ͷˢˢ䣬һޱȲõЦϣһǿײϴˣī룬֮ľ룬ֻת˲֮䣬ִܹ
ţ
ī֮䣬ֻм
һо쳣ҸºսڵɱƴԼƾһ˿īָ£ٿսҲƵسīķХȥ
ǺǣҲ
һΣ׳ϸ¾ǽߣҲҵī룡
ӦǾŻ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ĻŭţЦúϲ£졣
û뵽һֱø뼫Ϊʹļ׵׷ɱīİ£Ȼ׾ٵؾҵĿꡣ
ֱһĺϢ

ٿأټսڸ߿͵һҡΣһǿҪʱ׹ƶһ㡣
ţ
ãƺеϮ
īһϣս֮еɱһɫϾֱֳɱڡ
š
ɢܿͷֲԶһӰٳսӶȥȻǱ˵غ꣡
سϣ
죬򿪲ţ
ȳ
īһ˵غ꿭飬־ϲս֮⡣ֻãã֮Уһɶ֮ͭϣƤⷭתѪ죬磬¶
Хغ˿٣죬ĿĵƣԪĲ޸֮£ۿӵٶȣɿš
עĿǣغУȻɫ׵ͷ
ͷī븵룬ӡ󡪡ȻĴɱеˡ
ţҿʲôسϾȻڶ̶̵ʱڣնɱɱ֣Ҫ֪ɱֿ۷徳Ϊۣ
ңں֮󣬸ӵ𾳽ƣû뵽سϵУȻһ
īһغ񣬾ǿһ
īڵɱһĿ࣬εѡ
ಣ
ڣغһΣսڲֱӽеѪܵͷ˸ī
īһѪͷЩľ
ǳźֻնͷûüһ򾡣
غԹԵһƣЩ⡣
سϣû°գ
īݺݵһĭʵĴɱֺ֮ʵ֮ǿ𾳸֣Ȼܹնͷ˸е棡
ΪȻص˵ͷ
غҡͷһЦذ˰֣ʵҲ㲻ʲôʵϣιʧһͷ֮ʵȶΪһǧɣ벽𾳽綼㲻ϣΪˣҲŽ֣նͷֻ˽ӦֻȫˣҪȻҪɱ⡣
غʹһҾպĸоǻ



1029 Ǹ
ī븵ľһϢͣͣ١
ҾͲµǾҪǲԮǰԮ
ī͵߬ȭͷ߷֮ǰҶսʱĸɱ־׿ڳϣǶǱʶһʶӵĿܣһһܵļ֮¡
ĸɱǿУĻ׾Բ֮ˣĸɱɥȪϾĸɱֶ龳۷Ϊǳס
īҧгݡ
سϣԮϳûУʲôΪ
üͷʶԣпܽһͬ˵ʥȪ죬˳˺Ŀɳ𡣵ʱ컯ɾľƣҪΪ֮󶯵
֣ԮֻһˣңҸ͸ԣҲûʵݣ
غҡҡͷ¶һĨãȻ֮ɫ
ţ
벽𾳽سϣ͸˵ǳĪǣ˰ӥ
ī븵벻ɵ
غð벽𾳽Ϊݹ컯ɾǽ˵Ĵڣܹѹغ޲һİ
ǰԮɱֵԮȻɲ⣬벽𾳽غ꣬̽飡
ζʲô
ζǰԮˣпǰӥ
ҲֻߣܹӸ£غѲǳ
˿ĸ龳ɱ֣Ӧþǰӥɱˡ
һп̬ʮأǻصʥȪ֮һҪԭԭ峤
īΪȻص˵ͷ
ҵ̬ûλеǰϾ
غҡͷһЦ˺ôҲ뿪ӥǰҪնɱң׾٣ȫѴ֮
ī븵һΪؿغꡣ
Ҳ£컹뽫˫֮Ħŵ̨ԣֻҪôߣͬ˵ĹϵǷǳȹ̵ġ
غ渵ϾʥȪдȣڰ˰Ѫߵ˹ƣ֪̽Χռ䡣һϵеӦԴʩ֡
ī븵һۣ΢΢ͷ
ݵλۻȨī븵룬غüΣȻҺҶײغꡣ
ˣ飬Ҳ̫ģһԸ峤㱨
ٿأغɫһһ㣬ϣܹؿƿϾǹغֵܣ˵Ķָǳʲô
سϷģǶˣó߶ȷִ硣
غʥȪǶȻᵱϷ
ī븵׷׵ͷӦŵ
غҡͷһЦ˫Ժеһ翣ٿض˱ڲ
غıڲһƬ磬ȺɽççϣޣһɻĹ֮
ʱڱĸ߿Уȴһ׵ʬ壬Լһڤ
ȥƯڸ߿еʬ壬ȻӵŰֱۣȣĸɱֺûɵι
ڤιı
ԤϵǣغȻڶ̶̵ʱڣϢؽιնɱˣңڤ˱С
ಣ
ٿأһӰƾճڱϿգȻغûɵӰ
Ӱ˫棬Ưڸ߿еڤЦյ⣬ΪԵá
ӽڤͽΪҵĹˣ֮¯һһأศɣ𾳽ĸ֣Ҳη壡
غЦ
ī븵룬ģΪñ룬һʩչ˽ɺطСѹˣ
غһƣ¶һĨζЦ⣬һУҵļıˡ֮ԽιߣΪ˶ĿϢؽڤΪУ
ī븵룬ȫڹֻҪҲ˵û˻֪Ҷڤ
ǣ칫ȻʥȪ˺Ϊһͬ˹ϵ
ԲҲ°ӥпܵ˰ɱңҵڤ
ϧڤһͻƣ̤벻𾳽磬컯ɾܹȡͷˣ½ָ
һζҪˣ
غ̴ž죬Ϊһڤͬī븵붼˹νϼ޻
¡¡¡¡
սڸ߿һ·ۣĺ
ţ
غٿ˫սķƺǷʥȪȵķҪȥ
ī븵һЦ׷ɱīԭίһһʮظ֪غꡣ
ʲôҪ׷ɱͨī룿ңѾīټ
غؾɫ䣬һ׵Ϣ



1030 
غûϵǧȫ޵ī룬ȻͻȻںĵشң¶٣ʥȪȵ׷ɱ
˵Ϊغ꣬ī֮䣬һԨԴ
ãһον˫ϲţ
غƤЦⲻЦεʮֵλ
׳ϵǧ޳棬Ļãޱ߼ʵĺĵشѰī룬Ǵ롣
Եʮǫ顣
īǫѷصһЦȴǰˬ
˵īǧǰѾ̤龳磬ľΪ֮£֪ΪΣǶ˿δܹܻɱ
磬һɣҲǸһˡغ
ī븵벻һЦ
ܹغֿɲףҪ֪ƽغҲֻĴ󻤷룬ܹ䷢ʩѰҪ붯ݣ졣
һξԮī峤Էغ
ɱͷ층룬Ҫ׷ɱī룬غ벽𾳽ĸ򣬶ʱƽ˼ֵ
׳ϣīλãжԶ
սڲֱֳٲȻѾЩȲ
һ͵ˡ
ī΢΢˫еǧ޳ȫͨ
顭
ʱ䣬ԶʣһɽХı˿һľ޷壬Ӧ̮޳˷ɱӣضΪ֮ҡ
ţ
ʲôˣ
սڲغꡢī׷ͫһɢʶʼ̽Զ
̶ֳȵƻҲ龳ĸΪ
죬ȫ䱸׼ս
ͺһһӣټɫսವһƾʧ٣ԻΪһ⣬븵֮С
ХغꡢīˣըĺĵشԶĵطһӶֳеɱ
쿴ǾŹŵӡֵܣ
ٿأīһָ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣ׷׶ȥ
ɳϿգؿͦǹӰնһɹɿֲѹϯ·
ī룬Ԫʣ޼Ҫʩչڤǵ׷ɱѾǳ˵Σ
ʶģϽǧξҲģһȫʬ
ӡֵըף˶Ĥĵҡҷ
ȷǾŹŵӡֵܣ
û뵽īȻޡɱ񣬿еҪӵö࣡
غīһۣ΢΢ü
سϣһǧѷĺûᣬǺβȥīӡֵܸһ򾡣ŹŵǾͷܹնɱӡֵܣǾǺպսصʥȪȣܵӵݵλһɳ죡
ɱصĸ룬ʱЩ಻סûغꡣƺֻҪغ΢΢ͷҪһɱɱӡֵܡ
԰꣬Ⱦ䣬Ҫ֡
غɫƽҡҡͷ
촽һ˵ЩʲôȴīˣϣǧСӡֵܣ֪˿ɶǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣֶӵ龳磬ǾسҲδܹȲʤȯ
οīȶءīսͷͷǵ
һƣԹԵ³һ
ޣС֣ҵ컯ɾдʱǲǸëͷСӣȻҶǹģֱһЦ
ī룬Ϊһ壬޺ᣬҲҡβ
أѶѻʯ֮У͵سһӰȥȻī֮ǰ״̬µī룬ֻ˿̵ī룬Ϣ٣ٲȻͶ·ĸо
éʯͷֳӲ
ȻһôҲͲˣ
ȻǧξòˣժͷȥʥȪȡͣӦǲڻ£
ӡƺѾȫĥԣһīȫûЭƣʱкŽȷɱ⡣

ʱӡ޵ڣϯһ񱩵Ԫӿ糱ԨƺҪո˺ѣççȺɽû
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣغڰ಻סһ
ֻһֱ̺ܵǧսضΪ֮һ
ţ
еϮ
ӡ޲ɵȻһ
һϢī룬һתͷԶյһȺӰ
ʥȪȵˣͽǶͽǲ֮ףҲֲһգغڣ˭Ҳ붯īһָ
غħ·л˫֮ȫûޡ



1031 ˫
ţ
ÿֲƣǡ
޻һϯ˲ɶغ꣬غģʱ޲ȻһһԼ˫
ʥȪȵı롮غꡯ
ǵùȻغһˣӣ齫ޱȼˣ
޽һ񣬵ʱһ٣ϯİȫ֮Уȫغꡣ
غĴ쳹컯ɾν˲֪˲
ӡֵܣΪŹŵĸ֣ͬǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣغǿĶ֣ȻǷǳ˽⡣
һغ꣬ȫҷ
ϾغӵŰ벽𾳽ΪǱ룬ҪûһаӮ
Ȼӡ֣Ҳغꡣ
ϧţغһȺ˼Ӷͷˣһɱͷ층룬һǿسʦīȫǲС
ټһȺѵصɱ˵ʵ۷Ҫѹһ
ӴǣһΪǺηʥԭʥȪȵı룡
ӹ˹֣ƤЦⲻЦ
سϣ
سϣ
īغ󣬸غȭޡӵ񣬾ͺƿһֻֻ׵ĸ򣬺޲ɱǰնɱ
غ꿴һɱڵĸīͷһЦţбޣسǺǣ˵Źŵһֵޣһȷøһģһ
δ䣬īһ˵ȣɵͷЦ
ޡֵܣһŵţ˫ۡƽʱû˸ӡǰڱȴʱ˵Ц
غһͷ޳ݣٲȻǸ޷ˡ
㡭
Ը𱬵ӣʱҪߣȴһԵסˡ
ɫ࣬΢ǰһغ꣬áܻʥȪȵͨҪī룬Ҫնɱīͷ͸ʥȪȣҲ͸һˡ˵ҲЦʥȪǧȻһ龳ӷץס󻹵ֵܳҲգ˭ǾŹŵ˽ܵأǰһˡ
ȻˣҲͲڣֱӽīͷն͸ˡ뱦ѪǿҪţݾƣǲɶõζ
˵ţϵһӶеıҪһϢīɱ֡
īȻһ
ס֣
鼱֮£غ걬һ
޶һ٣һζЦ⡣
ھ·£޲ûغԣӽʥȪȸݺݵһͨţҪѪݾƣƺУһҪȡѪݾƵġ
̶ֳȵ裬غ껹Ҫ񶾵öࡣ
ޣǸţڣҸһᣬ̴ҵǰʧĻʹɱ֣ǸϾɱ
غī룬ҪɱҪУֲһ
ˢˢ޵ɫʱ
ӣغǲŵ̬޺ú˵ˡ
Ǻǣǹ
һƣɨһغһ˵ȣ˫֮ȫһ˿һļɵ֮ɫ뿪ҲԣǣīһǧξǱҪǣĻ뿪ûпܡ
ͬص˵ͷ
ɣҲҪʲôǸٵȪͳˣñ룬ٵȪòɣ
һЦغꡣͬʱԵʹһɫ
ӻ⣬һΣԷīǰֱָī룬ֻһ£ܹ̾ȡī
Ϯȫһ˿⣬һ˫˸˸Ź⣬غꡣ
ܹñթٵȪҪǴȥֵܾ룬ޣɱٵȪҪˡ
ʲôٵȪ
Ǻǣ˫Դˮ𣿾ȻʨӴ󿪿ڣҪٵȪһЦ
Цʮֻ
ŹŵʥȪȣ޲죬ھŹŵޣȻҪʥȪȵغһʽףʨӴ󿪿ڣһͼ
˫ۣǿ¸״ˡ
ī̿һЦǸûּۻ۵ʱīֲǵʣǻ޹أֻǲնɱһ˰ˣ¹ϡȻ¹ϣаò
ҡҡͷīзɳһֻ棬ƣǾȻͼթȻ˵ٵȪ˵ֵһᡣҲ룬ǻ˱΢Э飬Ǵ˳ȥʥȪһ棬Ķ飿
ܵ˵һ仰ҪôǹδҪôǾͻȭͷǳ
īԴǷ񣬺档
һۣɱŽ
ûʲôˡ
޸ҧ͵رȵȻˣǾȡīͷǾŹŵĴ֮ϣʥȪɨأ
ûѪݾƣζ
޵Ť



1032 
Ȼ˵ֵܣҪսʤغꡢ롢īɵǣǳ˵ΡǣҪӳ죬ȴ׾ٵ顣
īƣҲûбҪã׼
ϣϣϣϣ
ʱһĽ˿ֱսһ
ţ
һҪսô
Ϣٵī룬ɵ΢΢˫־ϲ
ԭΪһǱ֣֮ҲûӳĻᡣûϵǧһ֮ʣʥȪȵıغ꣬ɱ˹ֵԣһһļơ
׼ಫī˵һĺϢ
ΪֻҪ˫𣬾δܹȫԼһīл֮ززˣȻãôһϣ
ʱīϢȼʣ޼ľѪͼǷ֮ء
˭룬ûī뽫ڵϣȻ׼֣ɱڵسīɱ
ţ
ǧһ֮ʣغһȣһΣֵܵǰҴӦǣٵȪī롣
غɫʮƽƺ˵һϡƽ顣
˻
Ȼī븵ˣȴΪ֮һһĿضغ꣬ʮֲ졣
غ꣬ȻΪһͨӦ޵թڣϧϥɨأ
سϣҪ˼а˶ڣûбҪίȫ
Ը𱬣ɱڣͬغ
سϡ
īҲǳȰǧҪͬ˫۹ֵҪ󡣾ǽīͷھŹŵĴſڣҲûʲôˡȫԽСֵֽŸʥȪȵȿڡ
˵ˣƾʥȪȵҪնɱһЩŹŵĵӣֱֵʱɱһѾŹŵĵӣˣڽУʥȪȵĹȿڴһǽ⡣
īһѪȶļı˹һͲëȻ
ī뷨޵Ķƣƺֵһᡣ
˵š
غ˰֣Щͷüͷ
ʱī븵룬ȫͷĬԡ
ٵȪ͸ˡ
غһֱӽһƿ˳Զӡ
ֽӹšƿһڣɵƮƮɡ
ãˬ죡
νʶʱΪܣغֵ꣬ϣٶ㽻֣
ӽƿ뻳У޵˵ͷʱһԾҪԶԶӡ
ಣಣ
̶ֻƿգǧɿ⡣
׼ӣ
ʱīԺУͻأĳһȫī룬͵Ȼһһضغꡣ
塭
غ꣬ī벢̫˽⣬ֻ֪غĸס롱ӳձ֣ԼӦú塣
ֻǣ壬ûкīйңغʥȪȵĵλغʮܵãٲȻĹϵʮǢ
ûΪ룬ѹַ֮ġ
Ȼˣغī̬ȣӦɱ֮죬˳㻹īͷǰʥȪ͡
ϵǣīĹؼʱ̣غȻī׼֮ززغ̬ƺҪī룬ī븵ڳ¶
һʱ䣬īļ䣬һΪӵƽī˵ĸж
һֱī붼һߣ˶˵һУĮɱ֣û˰⻹ǵһΪ䰲Σ롣
īҧҧ촽˼ڽͷҲֻ֮Ժ󣬵ȫ׼Żӡ
سϣôҡڵˣ
ŷԶȥֵܣűĸ룬Щġ
ǺǣȻǡ
غһƣٿٻ¯ô׾뿪ֱ쿪
¯
غٿŰƴСı¯ֱ޵ķȥ
ֻһĽټı¯գۼͻûǧɣһ޷壬ЯһƬӰ˲佫û
ãغٻ˱¯
Ȼҳ͵ϮĪΪֵܣӣ
ֵһۣʱùǺ߶ԵıݹУһ㣬ӱ¯ѹ֮Ӵܡ
ͬʱԪӿ糱ϵسű¯ϯȥñ¯ƵײƺʱҪѡ
ɱ
죬سһ֮
ڸĴߴ֮£īһɱʱɱ죬ƶһҲƵֵܡ



1033 ĸž
ûᣡ
ۿ˫սһţһֱŻī룬ʱ˫һ͵һԾһƬƸӵɽӶȥ
ಣ
ֻīӰԻûһƹ̣գ֮䣬ʧ١
²īˡ
ٿأڵһʱ䣬ī;ʱŲתҪȫ׷ɱ
׳ϣ
˭룬һӰͻأĳīǰֱīӶݵķ׷ɱȥīΪȻˣڱˮһս£׼ʲôѹ׵ľԸҲһ㡣
ī΢΢һ㶣ΪȻص˵ͷ
ȷ
īɾ龳ͷīҪԶö࣬īǧ꣬طĵشҪʵǳ̨ڳ̨һʶӣӶõһõɵĻᡣ
īԶԸī룬ղŪã֮ݡ
غ꣬ӵŰ벽𾳽磬Ҫѹī룬Ҫ׵öࡣ
سϣǧ޳棬Ը·һʩչҲܹǧ׷١
īƺʲô飬ٻǧ޳泯غķ׷ȥ
ϧغеٶȣƵʯǧ޳Ѽ
Ǻǣñ룬׷ɱһСȫֵҪ渨
׳ϣһ֮һҪ˫۸סҿһ뽫նɱ
غһ˲䣬͸ī´սָ
īڶݵس֮󣬵ʱսȦ븵벢Կӡޡ
ڱ¯Ĳѹ֮£ʮǱī˼йʮҡˣһȺĺɱڶ̶̵ʱڣ㼯һɱ󣬽޸Χ
һʱ䣬޵Ĵʮֵļѡ
ಣಣ
ͬʱľһԪī룬ҲƵسԶɽݿնȥԼĪʱ䣬ǧ￪ɽ֮УڣԪľһΣƶߵķһ㣬һӸ߿еɽ֮С
һīɳʯɽûī뻺һͦεӰȻīǰЦЦī롣
أء
ī촽飬Ŭ˼Σû˳֯һ仰

СӣúŶԣ
غһЦһУһƿī룬ִӻͳöԪݵīߣԣöԪڶʱڣָһֵԪһܹ뿪ҲԱ֮ƿУٵȪҪʱҲܽȼü֮
ī˫һ£ЩеƿŪˡ
ء壬ΪʲôҪң
īֱضغ꣬ǿһ֣˺档
ĸһ״ӣĸ׶˵ޱ𾴵ʦ𣡡
Ȼ˵ʦ𴥷˽ѹˣǣҶʦ𾴣ȴûһ˿һļһֱҲѰʦİ취ϧޣʱգҲûܳɹ
ΪƱˣȲ֮£ֻöԵģջҪͽʸĴ󻤷Ƕжģ滳Ƕʱ⡭
ī룬Ǵ˵еĲ֮סǣҲʦĶӣʦΪ˾㣬СȻ޶ԡ
غĿ䣬ƺ֮У˵ʱΪ飬ô˵Ҷֽɱԣֻʩչı֧͵͵һ·ӣҾûа취غˣһжҪԼϣҲĵشϾ̫Σˡ
СӣҪסʲôʱ򣬶ҪԷڴţһ죬ܹĸžۣ
غ궶˶䣬һʣڿն
гһգĸžۣ
ī⣬غˮץסһݣ壬һҪҵĸ׸ȳˡ
˵ţǵī룬Ȼһڵأϵؿͷ
һᾡġ
ſధī룬غ겻пһְīıϣһӿīڣʵûбʥȪ𣬱Ϊͨ츳Ǳһ뻯Ѫأܹһɳ졣ֵܣĶ֣
īֻоһɾԪϵӿԼĵռ䣬Ѫ֮УΪһ֡
غ꣬Ȼ֮һԪޱعīڡ
壬㡭īɫһЩĿࡣ

īڻȵѪˮغ͵ؽһɺīڣʱī׹ѣȫ͵һ£ӲԶ
ͬʱغ˫ϸѰ̽



1034 Ǭ
࣡
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬غ˫֡

ֻһ죬ɫĹƳ棬ǱһԪ顣
غһʼ
ڣī˹ƣǧ޳ӳ棬ɫܹ׷١һΣܹ֮ãޱ߼ʵĺĵشҵ㣬ƾģīеǧ޳档
ѾڵĹƳɱˣҲٵĻᱻ׷٣
غīļתͷһ۲Ϸ¡ʣһΣ
Сӣڣ
䣬غӰȻûһ⣬ԳԶȥת֮䣬Ѿʧ١
йˣǧ޳ӳ棿
īɫһһףͷ৶䡣
ѹʥȪȵܹҵңԭ֮Ѿī˹ƣ
ν⸣֮УҪ˹ƣֵܵУīڶԭ뽫ҸϾɱȴû뵽غ飬ڻԵɺ֮£һ·
ǲӣī룬һҪúôгһգȡɱʥȪȣĸžۣ
һˣīʱȫ߶Ѫʼմ󻹵̺ľһʱ䣬īĵռڲȻһ糱İ
ڤ
ͺһīڿնʩչڤȫΪһգ֮ʧççȺɽ֮С
Ϊ˶޵׷ɱһ·أнʱ䣬֪ŽΣ
УһҪϻȥУŽͻƵıԵ쳣ĺĵشи̣ô֮ǰŬҪǰˣ
һˣī뼸ûжٵԥԳһϯȥ֮У̼ƣȹϵϡ

Хغ죬īغ꣬ظϻս
غ꾪ȵǣī븵ˣһɢشѵصɱ˹룬ʮֲҡ
ţ
׳ϣϣ
غαӣ˲Ϣ˸īǰһе꺮ůǵôˣǸ˫أ
һ̼غ꣬īӿЦ̾
سϣ˵ˡ
īҡͷ̾ϢԴ뿪֮󣬴¯ɣֽǴˡҪǶɵ½븵ϣ׶༪١
ҧгݣޣС֣ȻɱҲޣҳҪʮٱֻ
Ҿˣӽ쿪ʼҪһɱרھŹŵɱŹŵĵӣһҪþŹŵͷѪծѪ
űصɭɭ׹ǣߺ޵ҧء
ʲô޸ô
غһͲ̾һңûпȫ޸ˣһ뽫شúôһ
Ϯغһп
ˣӱʮ겻ʥȪŹŵĹڣҲһˡҲû̫Կ
īҡͷЦٿأ̧ͷһεغ꣬سϣīʬأǲѾ˱У
ৡ
µһɱȫĿ⾼ضغꡣ
˵նɱͨҪī룬ǴеĿģֻҪ˳նɱī룬ô˾񣬻صʥȪȣҲܵ͡
ˡ
еĿ⣬غƲѣīҲ֪ĶõǬѾҪܻˣӾȻȼǬƾʧҵǰ͵￪⣬ҪҵǴ룡
˻
δ䣬˲ɵõһЩԼĶ䡣
ð벽𾳽غ꣬ȻûܽϢٵīץס
ǳ˵ϡ
˿غնɱī룬ֱһֻһд⡣
ʲôīȻӵһöǬ
üͷ壬ЩţôܣǬΪϡУīôӵУңӵǬһ֮䣬ܹ￪⣬ܱ׷ɱ֮䣬ܹӳ죬Ϊ֮ǰī뱻Ϣ٣ûȼǬϳ
ͷڸķͬ
Ǭһܹ￪ķ׭Ψһô
һ֮䣬ȼǬܹ￪⣬׷١
ֻǣǬʮϡУī븵붼δʶûϵīȻһǬ
īӵһǬҲᱻ޸ץסøеʮֿɡ



1035 Ū
˵ɣغɫ৵һ£ϣⷬ˵Ǿʲô˼ĪΪſڴƻƣƭң
һɭĿ⣬âغбŽ
ã棬˽Խīˣ
غ񣬾̺֮һʦ˼븵ԡ
غеĺ⣬ûɵشһʱҡҷŲԵҡͷسϣҲǸ˼Բſڿӣֻһ˵ˣǧ桭
˫ɫغ꣬ǽ踵ʮӣ򲻸ҵϾغʥȪеݵλʮֳȻԲѰ龳ĳϣܹᲢ۵ġһغ귢쭣뵱̬ͣǫغӡ
ī촽˼£ƺҪ˵Щʲôһغϵɫʱտڲԡ
ֳգһʱʮΡ
¯գ
غôˣһУɽ֮еһӴͭ¯֮С
سϣϡ
ī΢Ƭ̣ʱǧ޳ٻ˳뵣ǣȻ˷īӳ죬ǣ˹ƣֻҪǧ޳׷٣ܹܿٶҵţҪܻѾһϢī룬Ӧòۣ
ޱƵĸ룬ʱ˫һīڴǧ޳ܹī׷١
ֻҪܹܻī룬غʧһΣҲʲô˵顣
ܿ죬īٻ£׳߰˷Ƶǧ޳棬ʼ׷ī
˵עȫǧ޳ϡ
˭룬һĹī͵˫о壬һ㵵ʧ⣡ҵǧ޳棬Ȼ޷Ӧīڵӳˣ
ӣƺīѾڵӳˣ
īһҧ
δ䣬ȫһƬ꣬
ʲôī뷢ڵӳ棿ӳˣ
ôܣǧ޳ӳ棬ɫīอѪ֮УΪλᱻ֣
뽣üԽԽо÷ǳΣغꡣ
īڵĹƳ棬ûв񣬸ոմغѣΪξ̽ڵĹƳˣ
Ҫ˵ûѣԲšˣȻغꡣ
ϧغɫĿ䣬һ̶˿ʲôвץʲôѱ
׳ϣ취ܹ׷īô
غһ׷ʵ
īΪ޿κεҡҡͷµĹѾˣҪҵī룬Ǵ룬ǳѣ
ʱؽҧĬ
ֳգٶȵȵףš
ԼĪһյĹغȿǻ
Ȼʱûа취׷ī룬ôǼҲûʲô̫塣
غ굱ϵ׳ϣͻصʥȪȣ峤ҵ񣬶Ȼɵţ峤ѾȲҪЯˡ
һ٣غתͷŸϣɱѲī룬Ҫ֮׸ϾɱصʥȪ֮Ҳһ
˵ţڿնҲô롣
㡭
΢΢һۿغҪﳤȥжʱŭѣغݵλֲ˵ʲôĻ
ʵϣ֮ǰغɣѾغǳˡٲ֪ô¾ֻȡķݡ
ϣأ
ī΢ԥƬֻ̣ڿնغ࣬Ÿ뱧˱ȭ뿪
ಣಣ
ʱغīӰԻûһ⣬ɿسԶϯȥ
ޣ
һغ꣡ȻĿŵؽͨҪīߣ
ΪҴⲻеԵɡǧǰǷ״ӣ֮봥ݱɫһӣ峤ѹī룬ڷ֮£δϾɱǣҲпʥȪȡ
ּīһĲ֮ף
ԣ֮峤¶ģҪīϾɱ
գǱ˭룬غȴ˽Խīˣ϶ǿڷϣīһ棡
飬һҪ峤غ꣬űΪ˫ɫ룬ĿаԵûн峤ɷУһ
ҧгݣ˼ӿϯ̹ǡ
ȫѲī룡
īϢ٣¾ӣҲӲԶһҪܻ񣡡
ᶨ¶һĨ̬ȡ


ʱʮʥȪȵɱһɱڣػеı

һӣֱںƺƵسīǰķһ̲ͣ׷ɱȥ
һΣΪǰɱǾԮԣ벢ûнɫսٻ
𣬺𡭡
ȥȺɽççʱһ޺Ϲ޳˲



1036 Ѫɫ
ʱָۣǰ֮
һľ޷ɽһεĶڲ͵˫ˢˢʱĵһţߡ
֡
֡
˫֡Ϸҹһˣ׷״ǰһɫš
Ѿȥ˴ʱ䣬ϧīǰһֱûлǷǳż
־ɥذ̾˵īǰǲѾ׶༪ˣ
ڵӫ⾧ʯҫ£۰Ͱ͵ضף絶ʡ
һ㶣촽˼£Ӳû֯һĻ
ʱ䣬ī붼ûܻʮа˾ֵܵˡһ㣬ж
ģīǰ࣬һܹ׻ģ
գգ˫˫ֺʮᶨš
ľŹŵгһգһҪŹŵĵɱ⣬īǰѩޣ
͵߬ȭͷ߷߳
ɫʹͷöû˵īףشûī룬Ҳѧᡶûʵ
֣ʱˡ
һֱĬĶҹȻĳĿǰ״īǰܻļʣʮãǣûǾһƻϾǵʱ䣬ʣ޼ˣȥ岻ǲܾϳ̨ڳ̨һʶӣܿͻᱻʱȥҲزˡ
ʱȫһܵ˽ȸУ׷׽Ŀ۽׵ϡ
׵ͷһЦãҵİ˲ѾҪһˣʱ·ˡ
˵ţһӣһɰϯ
ʱ֡Ϸҹһˣֱӱһε˱챦С
ã޼ʵϿգϣȺɽһɻĹŲ֮
Ϸҹֵˣһһ쳹Хৣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬һӴ̸̥סˡ
ûһʱԭ󺣵룬ֻһѪܵ࣬ȴѾһ޴̥̣нǧɷԲһɿֲϢӴѪɫ̥ϯϢΪ֮һϡ
˵а״̬µҪô
ּѵش궯˫֡
ÿֲƣݷѾõϹޣҪճһ
ſֲϷһε
ಣ
һп꣬̾ѵĵڣವһһӰƾճ˵ǰȥ˲ˣȻǱ챦ˡס
֡
ԸϷЩ಻סشߴ콫ɣҸоѾЩȲҪճˣ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϣĿ¶С
ã
һЦ͵صͺһʱϯһɽɫѪˮ糱ҲƵسӴѪɫ̥̽¡
ѪһӴ̥̣ʱյһɶ
ţԼĪǧɷԲѪɫ̥̣ʼҵ
ࣣ࣡
ģһѷ죬Ѫɫ̥֮˺ѿ֩һ鲼̡̥
˾ᵽɤ۵λá
𡭡
ڣһ쳹Хһɲ
һоŰɳ̵ȫ鲼Ѫɫۼףһɫ󳹵׷ڣκϯǧһʱ䣬ҡػΣƳ졣
ȥ񿥵һԡǧѪѪɲ̺һɻͻ̲סҪͷݡ飬ħ
һѪɫӣҪ˶ɣַ·ܹģ˲ӡ
ҿʲôһٰңϢжϣ״̬µûʲô
ҹ˷ܲѡ
ţ״̬ȻոӵʥľΪĿ࣡
ĿֲƣϷһп
ûпӦһΪбѪɫ봫˵еĳޱѪżƣ
һ۾жϳʵݡ

һ˻֣Ǹ赭дģͺںһ
ء
ʱоŰɳ̵Ѫɫس׷׵֣侱Ħ˫
˻
⼫гһĻ󣬷֡Ϸҹˣȫһ鲻Խغ˼
ȣ
ٿأ׷һԾֱѪɫļ֮ϣһѪɫʱڿն𣬱׳ء
ӽֽֿһƺˣʿ
޲Ľס
ֿԽɲѰʿܹᲢ۵ġϷһ
ڣѪɫһ֮Ϸҹֵ˵ǰĽʺ޵ģɵһЦ



1037 ط
λ
˸˸˫ʼʣһѪɫһΪбһ塣ںҵѪ⣬һ塣
ңһӵʥľΪ
ҡͷһЦ磬ҳƽʵϣһ״̬ӵͬľΪ
պҳΪʥۣҲӵͬľ磡
׳
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһһĿ࣬𶯡
ʲôһܹӵͬľΪ
ϷһأȫԼĶ䣬˵гһգܹΪۣôһ֣ܹٻۼ
һˣϷʱ񣬡ţ󡣿µʱƾŰۼܹư壬Ϊͨ
˻
˷׷׵һһп
ѵǰô
Ҳ𾪵ԸӣѪɫȻһӵűһҪǿһľΪ޻˵
ϲ֣
ϲ֣
ׯƸ߷׷׸ϲѪɫֵʵһ¥պٻѪɫʵһɳ죡
׵һЦ
ϴ󣬲֪Ѫɫʵжǿܸܲʾһ£
ޱȺѯʵ
ϷҹֵˣҲһס
һƣ¶һĨζЦ⣬֪Ѫɫʵôܼ򵥣ǿԺһһĸˡ
δ䣬֡ҹϷˣʱŵһ£һײ
ЦѪɫɱս
Ҳ˵Ѫɫһôֲ壬ѪɫľΪ걬Ϸҹ벽ԪĴˡ
ҪսʵĲࡣ
ۿϷҹ˷׷׶ܣ׵Ŀ⣬ʱ˼ϣӵʥľΪѪɫ޼ǿһս
׵Ŀָ֮£ڳһ˵ȣ׷׽ĿͶ˼Ŀ¶ڴ֮ɫ
УҲŲѪɫսأ
ļŵֱţǿɱ뽫ҵɰӡ˵ˣɲ壬⣬սʤѪɫҲӦǣһش߲ʧ֣Ǿ̫ˣ
ҺôҲǻĹʮеĴڣϴһս趼սʤˣδҲ̫˾ɥˣ
Դҡǲ˹һ㣬ƾϷ֡ҹȰ˵ԸѪɫһϸ¡
ȷڼ˵ĿǸϳס
׵սѪɫɱӮҲʣˣ澡ʧ䲻ӮıԣȫûбҪμӡ
ˣȻֲԸԣҲͲҪǿˡ
װ˰֣ܵ˵Ѫɫʮģ˵ƾѪɫ츳ѪҪսʤѰʥڻ¡
˻
δ䣬һΪ𺳡
û뵽ʥ쾳ѪɫȻӵʥʵ
ˣʱˣ
һΣƾմӱ챦ʧ
𡭡
ѪɫһҲһš
ţϷҹֵˣ׷״׵ı챦зӶ

ã컯ɾϿգ״һӣγһĶУԳԶϯȥ
ĹڲϹĹлᣬһҪ⿪֣Ѱұأ
ֻͷһԶǧ޷壬Ϊس
ಣಣ
һ·ͿշɳۣһյĹ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һƿնӰ˵ע
ãеϮ
жϣƺ龳ĸ֣
ʶڵһʱ;
ʱ˷׷Ϊ֮һһεѣæ
û뵽ôùһž龳ĸ֣
һɥ
ԣڤ֮Уƺīǰ
ٿأ׾
δ䣬ৣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۳ɺӣҲƵ˵Ӱ
ܿ죬˷ǰҲ˵󣬲ī˭
ǼࡣҾ˵īǰǲɥģ
ѣСŽš
̫ˣīǰû
һĺϢ
ϷҹֵˣҲϲĪ
λ
ȻζһЦҪīǰһϲ
ܵ׹˲΢΢һһס
һһ˺ѿռѷ죬ٻѪɫ֪īǰηӦ

Ϸҹֵˣɵһ׷׵ͷͬ



1038 Ŀ࿴
ಣಣ
ʩչڤī룬һ·ɳۣƺѾȲҪһžˡ
ٿأһʯХֱõͿշеī룬ɵȻһʱȥΪ֮һ
ء
ֻһԼĪŰɵѪɫ͵س׶ڸ߿߮һצģ
ţ
Ȼһң̬жϣһбȽ׶Ѫɫ
û뵽Ȼһ˵ʮϡеѪɫ
ѪɫԪľΪȻҲҪҵȥ·ǲ֪
īڿѪɫһ˲䣬ΪţҡͷһЦڽʥ쾳֮Աǡ
Ȼ̶ֳȵѪɫīκεвȫһ
ҹ
īһӣһɰ糱һ㣬ѪɫϯȥƺôѪɫ
Ȼһ̣īεѵһĻˡ
һѪɫ࣬һԼĪɵĿռѷ죬ƾճ֮УצѪɫһΣ˿ռѷ죬ƾʧ١
˻
ī͵һ˵ɫ˲òҰһƬţûпɣѪɫȻܹ˺ѿռ䣿
īʮҪ˺ѺĵشΪȹ̵Ŀռ䣬ǳ룬һԪѪɫˡ
Ѫɫ϶ͬ죬ӵżΪطһҪСĽǡĻһռѷ֮УգۼҪʱʳƬ
ī࣬˲ᵽɤ۵λá
͡
ʱ˸εѵһĻٶȳ֡һԼĪɵĿռѷ죬ƾճīǰ񱩵ʱͣӿһľƺҪīɡ
ಣ
⣬ѪɫƺҪƾſռѷ죬ҸϾɱˣ
У
һˣīʱαӣʩչڤҾ
һī֮ززڰеϷҹһˣɵñЦסû뵽龳ī룬Ȼ׸ˡ
īǰ
īǰ
ֻһϤĺӿռѷдţһΣӿռѷ¶Σ׵࣬һһеѪɫ
ңŷɿī룬һţһӣ֡Ϸҹһȫͷ˳
ţ
ƺСӡ
һ׵īһæתԴ򡣵赭дشӿռѷЩӸɱ
ţҿʲô
СӣȻһռѷûʱĽɱ
ѪɫСʮǣĪСʶĵѣ
ī뵹һȻ𺳣ǵת򣬷ҲƵسϯ
īǰԴߺǳ˼ĺ룬ҹΪǰȻˣ
īǰΪ˱ȫǵϧԼնһУǸм
Ϥī룬Ϸ֡һӵϣԵΪ
īһЦסϷҹˣһһһֺܱã㽫תƵ׵ϡ
СӣղѾ˳Ϊʥ쾳磬ҹĿ࿴
죡ķһǳɣ
ī궯˫֣ЩȲס
ϷҹֵˣһЦ
ȻīĿǰ״ȫ˽⡣
īǰǳǸΪҶɽٵʱʮΣԣҷĻᡭ
һһʮؽԣȻ˳ΪԪ֣ûר
δ䣬ī벻ɵĿ࣬һ˼ضףã̾һҪܹңһܹרͬʿУҲֲܹܵĵλûзļӳ֣ʵ̻½һΣ
ܵī֮еЩʧ֮飬һƣͦʵظīǰʵҾãǷûУӰ춼󡣡
īüͷһ壬Щ촽˼£վû˵
ҲΪֻһҰοˡ
ȻһԵϷȴѰ಻סˣīǰ㲻֪ڶɽٵʱһ챦磬ΪںһִĿռ䣬ֵı챦÷ͬ죬ԶѰʥߵı磬Ʒʣ̺ķ򣬶Ϊֲ
ӵű챦磬컯ɾ֮Уư˰ͨרûУϵ󡣡
֡ҹһˣ׷׵ͷͬ



1039 ֲĿռȶ
ţСӣȻһ챦磿
ǲڸҿЦɣ
īһţһ˼ضףǵһʶһ
ʷ֮Уܹ챦ָЩһһָĴǧ
˵챦ĴۻҪϡ٣ƷëǣҲδܹһ
׾Ȼһ챦磬ʷϵһǧŵĴﲢУ
һʲôĸ
һ룬鲻Խظе𾪡
ǰҲֻǽҰˡīȵĿ⣬׵һЦͷ
ʲôң
īֱ£Ҳ֪жٴܣһҪõһ챦磬ϧûܳɹõһ챦磬Ȼ˵ֻǽңҡҡͷī벻Ц˱˰
Ƭ̺ī볤һָЩƽ
СӣѪɫô£ܹܵѪɫϢ߰˷ƣĪոսս裿
īĿһע۽ԵѪɫϡ
ء
һī̸ԼѪɫһצͣ˦βһ͵ģ
ҽԪ֮󣬵õһոµط˲һ塣
ҡͷһЦһһʮؽԭί޾ϸһһ֪
û뵽Ԫ֮󣬾Ȼõطϱ챦磬һţ
īҡͷһЦ궯˫֣ЩȲشߴٵСӣҽı챦磬úÿ۽硣
׵ͷһЦȻûʲô顣

ֻһӣһεϯֱӽī롢Ϸһˣ׵ı챦ڲ
ã޼ʵ󺣣һƬĿĽɫ֮ϣƯһƶ˵ľ޷壬ľ죬ɽʯᾣʱз޴ɽ䣬һֻĹŵĸо
ಣಣ
īϷҹһ˵Ӱƾճڱ챦Ͽա
һī͵һһ˼ظűڲ״ţƷʵı磬ȻһոսԪСӵеģɷҲ
һī͵غһȭһȭ̺żΪ񱩵ľһȭԶ˻
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫˢˢī룬ü֮䣬һ˿
ǷģûжϴСӵı챦磬ȫܹ龳ֵĶսҪ˺ѿռ䣬ÿռ̮飬ҲҪ𾳽ĸ֣һ˿ᣡ
īʮƶ
Ϸҹֵˣһθе𺳡
رͬʥ߾ļı粻ռʮֲȹ̣˵֧龳ֵĿըˣʥ߼ĸ֣䱦սܹ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䣬أ
֮£׵ı磬һЩʥ龳ֵı磬ѷɫڣҪһ
ǺǣСӵı챦磬ںһִķ򣬱һıҪȹ̣ȻġңûжϴСҲƿһЩķ򣡡
īзŹ⣬ףСӣѹںĵشܹ˺ѳһռѷ죬ԭƿһֵĴ編򡣡
׵һЦ
ò˵һ˶Ȼƿһִķܹ˺ѿռ䣬ôѰҪΪѣǲ̫׵ˡ
⣬ʵǳ̨ʱ˵ҲһЩ
ī˫˸˸Ź⣬ضס
ţ
һʱЩȲˡ
ǰȱ̸ˣһΣ㱻׷ɱ˴꣬ӳģǽ
ߴٵ
ϷҹֵˣҲΪ棬׷׸ͣ£ǽ
ī֮£ֻһһʮؽԼеȫյľ׵ľΪīһѺ
˵īڴʱڣԵܹ˳ʮֲס
ǰ¾磬ӷϴ
顣
Ϸҹֵ˷׷ͬ
īһЦ˵ͷ
׵ıУζɽ亣ζһЩζȫǷ֡ҹ˴ġ
ϯ䣬㣬һ欵赸ˡ
ҹЦ
Ȼʿȶپƶһܹ֮ڵľƾΪˣûһôһȵᡣ
һĻ˿˸оʮֻ
˭ܹ龳ĸ֣һʥӣȳһ̲̲ࣿ



1040 ٵȪ
ڶգ챦ڲ

׵ͺһһһεĿռ䷨򣬾ͽһཱུޣ˵ǰȥȻǧξ
֮ǰ֣Ϊǧξķ˴ʱ䣬һ·׷ɱī룬ϧûܵóѡ
׽ǧξٻǰǧξڣʱϯһƢҩ㣬ȫһˬ
ò˵ǧξһɶõı龳ʿ˵Ȼŷǳ
ǰ
ˬһЦνѲк󸣡˳޵׷ɱӳ죬ǶʥȪȵͨţպһɻڴ
ǧξȥҲþָʵ
׵
ī΢΢һǰǧξɵ񣬡û뵽ǾȻǧξţҪ֪ǷǧξС磬⣬ڣʥ綼лᣡ
û뵽ǾȻšīһп
īжģסϷֵ˲ɵһЦ
ǰϽǧξһľΪҲܹһ¥ʱһ·ػǣ˵Ҳһϡ

īͷ˵ʵڵģڵȷָʵûǧξҿҪһӵʱ䣬ܹءǧξ༸£Ҿܹȫָ
ײɵ˫һ
ˡ
ٿأīһӣӻͳһƿһףٶȪҵô󣬼ȻѾǧξôЩȪʹ͸ǰɡ
ʲôٶȪ
ûɣ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһȫԼĶ䡣
Ϸҹ˵ȪޱҪֻһȪǾܹһٳԪ磬Ϊ˵еʥߡ
˭룬ī룬һ֣ȻٶȪ
һʲôĸ
¹ƾٶȪסϷҹ񡢷ֵܣܹʥ߰쾳磬ʥ磬Ҳֻһ֮ң
һʱ䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫ𵴡
ǰδҲ̫ںˡ
һʱƿī룬νƥﻳһСòôȪ˵ˣ׻˵޹»ûɽ˺
ԼǡǰǵЯѾǸмˡȪ˵ʲôҪ
ǰˣԪľҪȪԼðɡ
ϷҹֻعһʼȰī롣
СӣһĨۣ˵滹𣡡
īҡͷһЦһִӻͳһƿװٶȪƿһٵȪװһյƿУţһס
ȻǰٰƴǣôҾһٵȪãһٶȪǾ°ɡ
īҡͷһЦԶ˵СӣʱȣôȪʵǳ̨ĪĺôͱٿˣҪмһϳ̨ǫ́Ͽɣ
ܵīеΣɫһص˵ͷ
ãһٵȪȴΪܡ˭ҪȪȡ
һƿеȪװƿУׯƸˣ͸ǵ
ׯƸˣɵΪ֮һ
ˣǡ촽Ҫ˵ʲôȴ׻ִϡ
뼧֣Ѿ˳Ԫ磬֣֡֡ԵУҲһȪֻ農Ӧþܹ̤Ԫ硣
ΨˣҪԪ磬һηǳ·;ǣȪҲࡣ
һЦ
ãλʦܣǾͲҪˡ
ϷˬһЦһٵȪֻʹ͸Σ㲻Ͽ󷽡ԣҲ񡣡
֣ҾӦöʹ͸ʮΰ˵Ȫźʣ
Ϸתͷףһģ
ûطһۣҶԴֵһͬʣáׯƸˣҪȪȻġ

׶һ٣һζؿϷҾҵǿ͸ȪΪҾֵУҲֻ츳Ƚϵ£ƾһȪº˳Ԫ硣
δ䣬֡ҹˣʱһıЦ
ϷɫһʱӣҪͲҪˣʲô˲Ϸûɽһ츳Ѫû¹˭һΣһܹ˳Ԫ磬Ϊ˵еʥߣ
֣ƺðɣ
Ϸĵֱ졣



1041 ȡ
ܿ죬׵֮£˴ӱڸһɽڲһʼ˱չǱޡ
УīȫǧξϷҹˣȫȪȡնɽ٣ΪԪ֡
Ϸ֡ҹˣóȻںĵشɽ٣Ͼ׾һǰ֮֮ǰ׶ɽ٣ʵǿޣɱء
ҿ׵ıб죬Ŷ֮Уסһ
Ϸҹˣжɽ٣ôʵǣʮа˾Ž֮ݡ
ڣǣ뼧
龳īˣôֻҪīָһЩԪܹ׾ٵؽһЩĻ޸ߡ
龳īػԣںĵشɽ٣Ҳʲô⡣
ڲסˣҲ׷ͳһȪʼȫա
ǼΪΪײһΣ⣬ϷҹˣҲ̤ʥ߾磬νǰǺлǲܿͻᱻԽԣǳ̿ࡣ
ʱۣתº
һգī͵˫ĵ³һ
ţ
īǰˣ
Զ뼧ˣ˫һһǰЦǺǵī롣
īǰָô
촽Цʵ
ǧξյĵԪȫָϡңһС硣
īһЦ貣»ңѾ龳ڽ׶Ρ˵⻹ǧҵһͻƣ̤ߵһΡ
Ϯ죬ī˹һп
ǧǰī˲ī룬ӴԺ󣬳ʧȥ˵ģҹػĹΪ˷
ǧĽ죬ī״ԼľΪ̺壬Զ
ʲôǰָԪңһС磿
һĺϢҾһʵǳ̨ǰȫС֣˵ܹھʮŲ̨ڲһʶӣ
뼧һЦһզп
ʵǳ̨
ī벻ɵʧЦҪгһգܹʥȪȵĻѪؾѪ츳˵Ҿܹǫ̃Ͽɣڳ̨̨ڲһʶӡĻΨ𾳽磬һ߻ᣡ
īԼĴʮֵ
īȻǧѵһĴɫ룬ȻԣҪʥȪȵĻѪأܽһǱȫ
Ϊīͨԣûпܽ뻯ѪأǺӵôɫī룬츳ѪһЩɫ룬Ҫһء
֣ôˣ
ٿأضף̺һĨζЦ⡣
ţ
Ϊʲôʣ
΢΢һ
ǺǣɡһȪ֮ѾʥϣֻҪٽҪ˶ãܹһͻƣ̤ʥ졣ʱƽƽˣ
һЦһϲ̵ģ
żпģ촽˶ƺҪ˵ЩʲôΪ˲üƣʲôû˵
ǣһԵī룬ȴһż񣬾ɲ壬ѵûз֣СѾӵʥ쾳ô
˻
δ䣬ɵõһɫٿȻ䣬һ˫ӣضףϣЦЦƿ޷ǿޣʮֹŹ֡
ϴѾ̤ʥ쾳磿
촽ʵ
ŽץļεͷӦǸһֱûңҲûи㡣
ɣʥ֮ҹٶȣ׷̤ʥ쾳磬ǾͿƽƽˣ
һ飬ֻŸοǧٿ׵顣
ޣҲŲҪء
ûðɣҾͬһ磬ʲô壿ɲ壬ĹŵʣȻеһŽ壬ǣƽûУ
˵ţͷҲصؿ첽뿪һ֮ϣʼҧгݵȪǸģȻǱòᡣ
īһۣҡͷЦ
÷֡֡˵ôˣתͷ򶴸һߡ
ȣ
ʱһƽըװı͵ֱţɱ⳯˷
¡¡¡¡
һ̣סī־ϲһյĽƣھ֮ϻۣ룬һ߰ϵϵ׽١



1042 ֵܶɽ
ţ˳ͻˣ
һϢ֪˭Ҫһɽ٣
īһΣԳɱĹԴӶȥ
һԵļҲһԾ첽ŹԴɱ
ܿ죬ȫԡڳһϷӡ޾İƣϷϯ˺ƻ·վ಻Զо׹¯ȫ¶Ҫȼ
֣
Ϊɽһ츳ڣڻĹҵķֶ֡Ҫǿһ
Цеظп
ͬʱԶƸߡׯҲ׷״ǰ˳ԪϷһüЦ衣
һ˫ϸĵۣѾгһ죬ϲֳһƤĵŮ

ڣϷ͵˫һסˣɵһЦ֣֡˳Ԫ磬ֻҪɹɽ٣ܹΪ˵еʥˣ
˵ţתͷԶķ붫ҹ΢΢ƣǺǣǵɹԪˣ붫֣Ҫһء
ȣ
ͺһϷֿȭ͵һԾԴӶ֮бӶŸ߿һǹͦ
ಣಣ
ׯƸһˣһ˫ֺʮϷף
ī룬һЦֻ
δ䣬׽ŲתɢʶΧ񲻸ҲһλٻʥԶ
ī룬ӱٻһ졢ʯһ㣬ڵͿδܣһڷԲĵطһεĽ硣

ͺһīĬھʱȫ߶ν硣
ʱһ͸Ĺ֣ƾ֮ߣԲĵȫ˿ͬʱνڲϯһ˸εѵĿֲƣȻ龳ֵơ
˵ī޵ֶ֮һѰʿޣһܵɿֲƣ̾ͻᱧͷܣҶƬ̡
¡¡¡¡
߿Уһըҡҷš
ϷնͦأȻֿȭյ׽٣ȴʾһױȵţ壬졣
ֶɽ٣ӦʮþȵģҪעǣܹٷ΢΢һЦ
˭룬ʱĿһĻˡ
飡飡
һҡػΣɽ絶罣Ӱ͵شɽ֮ȫ磬硣
ţ
Ƿ붫֣ҲҪɽˣ
ʶףʱ˫΢΢𣬶ȥȫԡķ붫ҹɵõһ
붫֣ǲ󣬾Ȼʼɽ٣
񼤶ѣƶЦһкϷˣҵҪƣһ˭ܹΪķ
֣ˣ
ɽҲȵǣ治˼
붫ҹһľ룬˵ͷͬһƿʼۼһһ㳯˷ϯǧսߵ
û뵽һٶҲģȻҲ˳̤Ԫ磡
Ҳãֵܣȱȣ˭ܹǿר
ϷЦ紵졣
Ǻúñһ

붫ҹʱϲЦտһظĵֱ졣
𣬺𡭡
ͬʱԶʣһ׶޺ϵϯ޺жϣȻڲϵؽӽ
еϮСľ
ɫϾͺһ
ϷǶҹ֣ڶɽٵĹؿڣܱţĻпܻ⣬ǣ
ˣ
ٿأֻһһ׽ٺȻϷҶ¡
ȣ
Ϸվɰأ˿ܵĿֲ׻͵غһȭ
һһ׽٣Ϸȭ֮£͵ɢ١
һ׻оյضɹ
ܿ죬ҹ֣Ҳչͨһ׽ٸ顣ֵһǣûһ˶ñƺһ׽٣ֵӡ
סɽͬǣϷǶҹ֣óȻǣ׽٣Ͼ˵ǿȣĹʲͬն
һ׽ٻУʮа˾Žһغ
ãϰͷޣӿ
ٿأ׾˫棬ضԶʡ
ȥԶʣȻһͷͷ׶ޣ½½سŶɽ֮طɱһȿֺ˺ͷ



1043 ɱ¾޾
ǺǣһȺ߹һŭХҪˮļһŵ֮زز
ī뵭ĮһЦһΣҪŭХ
˭룬׾Ǵһӣӧīǰνɱţֻ룬뼧ԸЩϺз
ʱظĵֱ죬Ȳش߶ʥҪɱ䣬˳ʥ죬ҪС֣һѵĻᣡ
ī΢΢һɨһԶӿޣһ˵ͷɲ壬вǵŽȣŽڣӦò֮ݡ
һţ֮һ֮ڶ
ī仰ʲô˼
Ǿü޵ʱ򣬻Σգ׾ܹˮˣ
һ飬Σͷȣ
ߣɲ壬ɲӣòκ˵ıӻһΣΪһߣԳ޵ķɱȥ
׽Ųһתظ
ϴ󣬾ȱȣ˭ɱ޶࣬Σ
ͷƵؿһۡ
һԥҡҡͷ֣Ҫ飬ǸֵܻǿʤԣԵ飬Ժ˵
˵ʵ׶ںͼ֮ıԣȤ
˵Դ׵ıбֵ֮ܣȻͬһˮƽϣҪ׽оȡ衣
ɱ
ۿײԸӦսŭ𼯾һʱݺݵسһͷβ˶ȥͷβȫѩӵԪľΪĿǰļ˵֡
顭
ȣ
һβսһţذɽѡǱԪǿȣǷƷʣǿȣȫռţԣƬ̣ʹβڽڰˡ
ͬʱϰͷޣһ뼧ǰأ׷ͣ½Ųʼ޻ǰл𲢡
ʣ˭ΪڻңƽϾЩ޶ű˶ɽٵĹͷ͵ϮӶɱ˶ᱦҪ˻𲢣ಫ
ǺǣһȺҷȻȶô
һͷͷǰޣЦһʱһһѪɫٻ˳
Ѫɫ֣ɱһ졭
˵ţͺһߴѪɫɱǰ
໡
оŰɵѪɫһ֣Х죬磬һЩСųޣŵӴܡ
һϰͷޣֻʣ²һ룬оʥϵľΪ
ȻѪɫΪײУǣϾ粻ߣʮޡԪϵޣûʮЧ
顭
ܿ죬Ѫɫͷ۶ɱһͷ۶ǣһɫԪ۷徳磬ǣѪɫһȫ·硣
ڣƾžԪϵش۶ǣ۶ǵĹѪɫȴɱ
ʣһһߵսò˶ãͻֳʤ
̶ֳȵսԼҵĶ־
ӵϡ
Ŀһɨ۵Ķʥ߾ޣʱЩ⣬һֱӽǹٻ˳У
ǣ͵һֱӽǹ£ָһɣಣһ֧Ϊһâ˲仮Ƴգһ㣬Գһͷͷ׶ȥ
ء
ء
һеĽһЩʵޣʱŵĶӣҰǣҲһЩ˵ޣ˫˸˸Ź⣬׵񣬾ͺǿһֻ׵ĸ
顭
һּʸɱʮͷޣͣЪ׵Ĺ˳ȴոտʼ
ıǹϵ£һȫѪûɵһ㣬سӴܵȥ
ʱ䣬мʮͷʥ߾ޣʬҰһغ
ǺǣľΪȻܹǹõؿʸܹɱԪޣ
ҡͷһЦ⡣
ɱ
һߣѾţ֮ǽβ˳նɱеʥ·׷ɣһͽβƤëֵúϲ£졣
һ̣񿴵˵ʬʱɵ־ŭ
ϴɱ¾֮δҲ̫пˣҲ
״߶ǹԹԡ
һֱӽǹ˻УնżҡͷһЦ֣ţ㿴ûͷʥޣɱ
һֵĻᣡ
΢΢˫ļڲϵسһ㰵ɫףڹؽڵλãǳһ̣ʣʩչ״̬



1044 汦
ȻܹײսĶֻ֣ʥĴڡ
һȺͼˮ߹ȫ׺ظɱ˴룬ΨͷʥޣأԺԥسɱ
ʥУӵŽףٲȻһɶõɡ
УʥļһֺγǴ׵ĸ
Ǻǣã
һЦʼԾԾԣʥˣһͺɱһ
ء
ʱѪɫһ׵ϵطһ
֣ʥԸһҶԸһѪɫԸһ
ڻñ״̬󣬲ħƽצٻ˳
ӣ˶ʥĴڣзŹ⣬ѪӿЩȲҪɱ˶ᱦˡ
ʥ˵޿ɱ⡣
ףһ˾Ȼӵһ벽ħƽצһǹʥ
ಣಣ
ͷʥޣˢˢػñ״̬߳ȣСӣٽ벽ȫ׳ʥ󷢴ȱһ
ûֻҪԹԽ׳ǿ㲻ŵĻǿѪģ
СӣνʶʱΪܣĪѰ·
ʥһɣҪս֮
¡¡¡¡¡¡
һߣϷҹˣٵ׽ԽԽֲҲԽԽϾϷǷ֡ҹӦӦ֣Թ۵ׯƸߵˣΪ򶨡
ʲôҾͶԹԽ׳
һʮֻЦ
ಡһƶ򣬲ӥãԳͷʥɱȥ
ţ

ͷʥȻûϵ׻ȶ֣һ⧲֮£ֱӱ׸ײʮ֮ԶʱŭХ״ػеıɱһš
ʥȻҲûţԴ߶Ҽй
ն
˭룬ͻһһĽâ͵ػƳգһʥļ֮ϣһʱѪ죬Ƥⷭת۵ʥҺ
ǺǣĶң
еһʥһζضʥ
СӣֻʥΪҲǰҿǻòͷˣ
͵ϮʥһԳżɱ
ͬʱѪɫצؽһʥסһȷѪɱ
顭
ȫ鲼ۣˣƾʥıƷ
ʲôķȻ˵Ŀֲҵİ벽ʥƷ
ʥȻһ
һһȭʥɣմѪ
ûʥأ׽̤ӡһⲫһħƽצ·裬һͽʥĻָ˺飬ֽѪ⡢Ǹһһ顣
ֲսɱʥ
ܡ㲻ֻһʥСȻӵ˿ֲʵ
ʥĿ࣬һزҺȻûм֮
ɱ
ɱ𣬲ûѡһǲϵĥǰʥһؿʥԼĥ֮£
û뵽Խս׾٣һͲǷ֮գߵ塭
һαȹǣ֮еʥûκεԥ͵س𣬺֮һ㣬ҲƵ֮زز
ӣ
һЦ̤ӡ׷ǰȥûôףವһ׵Ӱƾʧ١
һ̣ͻأģƾճĶӵʥǰ
㣬㡭
סȥ·ʥĿ࣬һ˼ضס
ʥı壬汦óٶȣֻҪӣܹ׷
Ȼ˵汦ʵҪһأǣٶϣȴҪռϷ硣
˭룬ȫӴܵ汦Ȼ׾ٵظ׷ˡ
ǺǣԴӱ֮󣬾ƿһ컯ɾķоһֿռ䷨򡭡Ҫҵӳ죬ֱǳ룡
һЦ
׵ıûб죬Ҫƾžٶȣʥ汦ڳ롣Ψһİ취ñǹɱ
ףΪԵʣһֵķ壬ԣɣһĵĸо
óٶȵ汦׵ǰҪѷһ
Сӣʩչطͬھ
һζЦףΪ汦ʥ֮¶һĨ֮ɫ



1045 ͨ
ʲôͷȻҿڳԣڽв
ײɵȻʧЦΪ汦ʥǿһ׳һǺǣҵҪƣ׼ʩչʲôطͬھ
˵ţ˫ֱأһƵģ
޿ֵ̬Ϊ汦ʥʱҧгݣ̣СӣδҲ̫Ŀˣ֪ߵغˣ

ڱΪ汦ʥŭ֮ʣڵѪҺƷˮһʼҲƵȼռڲԪƻɽ緢һ㣬ӿ糱˷ϯ
һʱ䣬ҡػΣɽѣضΪ֮ҵҡ
ȥգ
ŭһΪ汦ʥ˫ѪҲƵسɱ
ϴ󡭡
Զսļ񣬸һˮеףɵʧļһʵǿʥѱԮס
ǺǣС
ĳһˣأԾ鸽壬һоƿ֮С
汦ڵһ㣬Ҫף̶Ӧըһ˲䣬׶ˡ
͡һ赭дһ֣һԼĪʮɳĿռѷ죬ƾճڱΪ汦ʥǰ
ܡ
һʥСӣô˺ѿռ䣿
ȻԶ汦֮ʣһޱİţֱӱռѷеĿֲһɡ
ͣţռѸ޸ϡȥƽ˾ʲôûзһ㡣
֮ǰͼͬھʥƾʧٲȻʱȥһغ
˻
⾪׵һĻڳʥУʱһκˡ
Сӣ϶ڰϻҲӵŲ𾳽Ϊ
ӣǾԲ֣
ʥڶݵĳ֮󣬶ʱҲƵسԶնӶȥҲûһ˿һս֮⣬ͼɱ˶ᱦ׵жȡ
ϧѪɫûи˳Ļᡣ
ɱ
ء
ֻһŭѪɫ뼧񣬷׷׳𣬴߶˳ʥû
ǣʥĴڣȻʥ߾Сһ·׷ɱĻЦ

һѤãǺǣԴƿһִ編֮սд⣬ӦˡԪ֮УûܹҵĶ֡һЩ׵ʥҲԣ
׶Լʵǳţ鸽壬һʱ졣
΢΢̧°ͣ߿ڶɽٵֵܡ
ȡ
ӡԡ׽ٵϷȫһ֮У·һˮͰϸĽףϣأһ
ȥϷȻѾһģķɢɫ⣬ϷԣһϷר
˾ǣϷǣûлĹô̬ǣȴܹɽ׺ң׻֮
еԵɣǳļ򵥡ΪϷһ
ϷıϷľƷҲˮǴߣ۳һ㻤֣ػϷˡ
⣬Ϸͨ׻ͬʱҲܹϷеĹ
ʦֺ
ʦٽ
ׯƸˣֱ˷ܲѵظ
һߣֳ罣ķ֣ʩչ˽һ⾳ֳֽ㲻һϵ׽ٺҶ£أһ
˸еǣÿһϵ׽٣е罣ˣûһϵ׽٣ڷֵ֮ϡ

ֵ˽һ壬ʮѵãȻܹý׻Ҫ˵ڽĸҿܱҪѷһ
׿ֵļƣһп
΢΢תͷҹײɵһľ
ΪҹƺûдͳһɳŽƵȥ
顭
̺ſֲ׵֮ɳ͵ض֮Уڲϵ׽ٷͻײһʱҡػΣɢ޾ߡ˷ӿ
ţ
Ҫʲô
ȻһĪ޷ɽ٣Ҫɳƺô
ΪǣҹȻᶯɳǳٵķɡ
ӡһĻ󣬾һ
ΪɢĽɢȻûټ˼Ҳ˵ҹ˳ɹʥ١Ըźǣҹƺû

ٿأնĶҹ͵һŻû޵ĸ͵ؽδܵĵ߸һεĽϯ£ɢϵ¾ۼ
Ǻǣʱˣ
޵нϵҹһЦһΣ޵֮Уʼԡϵ޾׹дĦʥ߷
Ϊиѹƣԣ󲿷ֵϵ½һΣ⣬ΪԷɢԵʣǶҹƷʣڣҲܹ׾ٵس
˻
׵һһضŶҹ˾ȵǣȻȻɢȥԡ׹Ķҹȴһ͸ķ
ʣҹ˳ר
ΪںʥӣӵŶһ޶Ķɽ֮
ڳɹɽֵ֮ܵʵһɳ죬ʵɱ䣡
ҡͷһЦΪ֡ҹϷ
໡
ʱһϤХĤ΢΢תͷѭȥֻѪɫҧһˣϢٵļһ׵ķӶ
Ѫɫצ֮УͷʬȥͷʬȻǼѪɫһ·׷ɱʥ
ɵúãѪɫ
׶һƣɵϲЦտǺǣΪҵұۣһսնɱʥĴڣǵ˰Ѫɫɱӿֲ
ϴ󣬿Ѫɫ
ٿأɤĤѪɫҧŵļ񣬲ϵɫŤԵʮơ
ţ
֣ƺˣһϢѵ֮ǰʥɱش
ʾһѪɫѪɫſѪڣͷ˳
һΣЩӸ߿׹ȥҵش˼ҡͷЦһίرԹɱ˭֪ǸʥȻͻȻʩչɱУȼоѪЩһҿӵɲ壬Ļһغˣ
˵ţƺȻЩ£ɫ԰ֽ
ǺǣҿѪɫػңĻΣͷǽ첻Ӧеزˣ
Ѫɫһ֪ͨ鼱ͷѪɫնɱͼͬھʥͷޣǿʤļֺֺЦ



1046 ķ
ʹ˼ʹüɵһ졣
ȷ
֮ǰѪɫʱԮ¼ĴΣˡ
˵īüڽҪͷȣ³⡣ʱΪޣΪīСԼ
˭룬һת۵ĹīԤԾͳˡ
ûѪɫһμͷǳˡ
֣˲ˣȪһˣָҲܹ̲อΪ
һһȪһԪţݵ˼ǰ
˫һʱؽӹȪٺֱЦ
ԭе̼һɨա
ڣͲöܼˣһҲܹõȪ̲ˡ
¡¡¡¡
ڣһɢϷҹˣȫ˳ضɹʥ١
̫ˣֵȫɽٳɹ̤ʥ߾磡
˷ܵػһȭͷ
ϲЦտѵϷҹִк
ׯƸˣϷ˳ɽٺĵһʱ䣬ͷǰһĹصϲ꺮ů
֡
֡
ܿ죬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫ׵ǰΪظǶûйȫ˳̤Ԫ磬Ϊ˵еʥߣ
ûֵܲ컯ɾܹ֮ȫ̤Ԫ磬ڻһ
ٺ٣ֵܿ飬һʧɫʱʥ߶ޣ˵̾
֡Ϸҹһѡ
λ콫Եķٻơ
Ȳش˴˫֣˵ҶûһΣǲ˳ɽ٣˷Ϊѣ
ԣ֡ҹϷһЦ½Եķٻ˳
ˡ
ȽٻǷ֣һֱ۴ϸķɢǿҵĽ⣬ɱȻһַâ¶ĸо
ڷĲǷһ
˻
ŷϯĿֲɱ⣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһ
֣һ治
׸ƶЦк֮顣
ⷨһͲǷƷǷǳֲ
ʶ񣬷̽ŷֵķĩˣԵظпһ䡣
ٺ٣ҵġ
һԵϷЩ಻סˣֱӽڵٻ˳ʱһɢŵɫķȫ£һ
ţ
ķƺôڣ
üͷһϷķɵҡͷһЦ
Ҳüͷ¶Ź֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ϷҲƷʣҪһˡѰʥ߱Ҫѷһ
ǿ񣬲ҪҪ
֣¼Ҳδҵһ
˫ֻأ¶һĨı顣
ֵܣ֮⣬һֱڰϾ˭˭ۿϷķΪѷɫжʱЩˬ
ţ
λֵܣƺҵķඣ
Ŀ⣬ϷһЦ͵һ𣬵ʱһشص𣬴ӿһϷȫ£ȫһ֮С
֡ҹˣ׷׺һΪɵ
ʲôֵķĴ߶£ȻԽԽֲˣ
ٿأüͷһһϷķ
֡ҹˣҲĿࡣ
˾ȵһĻˡϷķļӳ֮£ɢһɰʥңʥڲϵߵˣ׷׸еһǿѹͷһ޷ѹڼ֮ϣж
֣⾿ô£
ԭı飬̼ɻȡ֮һ졣
ֵܵľ죬ϷͦأһİˬǺǣһķҪҵıӳ֣ܹͷų
Ѱʿҵķʮϡƽܻ᲻мһˣġôܿ죬ͻΪ˸ۣһ˲Ӷһٻ֣
Ϸ졣
ס񡢶ҹˣһƳޣΪϷȲʡ
֣
һпӷƷ˵ķ޼ս˵ȴҪʤһ



1047 
Ǻǣ֡
ϷЦʲôʱǿдһ໥ٽ໥
һе罣Ӧ
ţ˵עȫͶڶҹϣΪ档
ܵȵĿ⣬ҹһЦҲٳɣһͽһٻ˳
һ̣ĿһĻˡҹķѰʥȫȻͬһ˵ոնɽٳɹʥߣֻҪ˳˷ôضһ߲ƣǣҹ״ȴڲͬ
ΪҹķֻһСߣ˫֮ϣϣȴȫûơ
ţ
֣ķΪ˶СϸǹŹ֣
һȵŶҹķ
ֵķûȫΣֻһΡϷ۵
ڶֵķ̺ʥҲ
һֱӽҹķ̽һʱҡͷһЦȻȲϷ֣ҲѰʥߵķҪǿϲˡҡ׶һ٣ϲЦտŶҹܹĿҪȷָʤһ
ԣϷͷ
Ǻǣλֻ֪һ֪
ٿأҹˣһھ¶һĨı飬һ
ҵķȽ⣬ܹǧ
ܵеľ֮ɫҹҡͷһЦʱʼȫ߶˫֮ϵķһϸСķһ㣬ڶҹĴ߶֮£ܿ۳һööԼĪȭͷСķÿһ򣬶ɢɫһϸСĵ绨ž졣
˻
̼䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫĿ࣬Ƿ´½һ˼ضŶҹ
ʲôֵķȻܹ̬
˴۽磬û뵽ֵķȻܹ۳һ򣬶ң۳ɷ̺֮ʥһɳ죬ʮֲֿ
ţǴǧ治У´ңҲģ
֡ϷˣһпɫΪӡ
֣ʲô÷۶ɵķ򣿡
գգ˫һŹֵŶҹ
ҹһƣһһʮؽ͵֣һζɽ٣ɳȻˣɳƽɳɳþѪϴں϶ɵıɳȻһУֱ˴ˡԣڶɽٵʱñɳƺ飬ȴû׽ٵķɣҲûΪֲ׽١
ΪȻص˵ͷ
׿ҹɳըƣеǳ֡
ҹһͣéٿ
ԭҹʩչɳͨɳþѪϴںϵıɳһɳ뱾һʿһ֡
ԣը׽٣Ҳܷɡ
ʲô־ȻһЩɳ
ѹֶһֱ̿Сɳⲿԭ뷨ģ
ϷһۣΪп
һΣƾűɳ˽ƣҽɢϵռһԡһ棬ҲϵΪԭϣµɳ˭롭Եɺ֮£Ȼ϶Ϊһܹóɳķ
ҹ
δ䣬ȫϢһϣɫӣҹǿһ
ֵķȻܹûһöɳܹУը
ָоеһУȫ߸Լ֪
Ը𱬵ϷʱЩȲشߴ֣û뵽ķȻܹóɳɳ֮ͬֻǲ֪ⷨΣܷɳһϸ£ʩչһǴ۽գ
ɳ˶ʮһöɳܹըһʥ߾ʿ
񣬶ҹķ̺ԪҪԶѰɳ˶ǳĺ档
еĿ⣬ҹҡͷһЦֵҲܸʾΪÿһʩչ򣬶ҵģǳԣ鼱ͷĻǲ׶÷ġ
ţ
һ׵ļ򣬡֣ǣһϴʹһȪ壬Ҫ˶ãܹ׻ָ
˷׷׵ͷǣһ궯˫֣ǳضŶҹ



1048 ɳ
ţ
ӣǲһչ֣λǲԸưոˡ
˵Ĳϴߴ֮£ҹһҡͷЦ
Ȼûһ˿һЭ˼ܱǸֻһӣ뽫չֳңҵķŷǳռ䣬Ҫúøһ
ҹǳܹݵĵһ˷ǳ棬ʱӣ˵θڡ
֣Ҳ̫ˣ
Ϸ߷߲ѵرԹ
֣ǶֵܣʲôǲԷģ
üͷһֵı챦磬ǶûκεΪҪڣ
һԹصԶҹΪǴ
ҹֶϮ죬һƵģ˿ûб֡Ϸ˸ıԼĹ
ˡ
״ʱԲÿһ˶ԼܣûбҪٸףңѾչʾ˷˵ֲûнǵˣԣǻǱǿˡ
С˵û
һֱĬī룬˿Ҳҵ۹Сӵķ򣬻ʮֲƣһʩչзǳĸãԪǶ𺦣ɺӡΪպķչúһգ
Ϸ֡ˣɰͷڶҹΪһ˿⡣
Ķҹ򻹷ǳƣԣһʩչķɷǳ󣬱ҪúһܹӦֵʵսС
һ㣬ʮ
ͺոһսУȫƿأʱпԼҪﵽָʹĵزܹȫ
֣ʲô뷨𣿡
׶ڶҹ˼ǳ棬һܹһͨϰɳһ޶ķʮ־塣
ϾⲿɳסˣҲжǣûһҹһڡɳѧİ壬
ĿǰҵķһɷǳֲıըѰɳҪǿһΡǣ֮ҵķҪָɷԭʼ״̬ͱȽˣʹɹԭҲҪָܹ꣬
ҹһһʮ˵ԣҪڷһԪӡɲ֣һȻһ֣ǣڱը֮ȻܹѸٸԭܵҲܹԲơ
һ۷׷ףظҹıߡ
ֵ뷨ǳ塣
ϷƶЦĳ̶ֳ˵ֵķɳһһ㣬ǲܹʹá㣬ɳֵõ󣬵ǣһ÷Ϊԭϣ۳ɷըˣôⷨͲܹһԵĹߣĻָĴۣҲֲ̫ˡ
ֵ뷨ǳ֮޷ԭɳصˣȻɳҪǿǣΪɱȽϴԵʣɳʵá
ҲԼ뷨Ƕܹ𣬽ɿԷʹõĹߣôǷˡ
ʱ򣬶ֵķ򣬾ɳңʱʩչɳҪɵöࡣϾɳԭʮѰҲǳķ񡣡
Ƕֵķܹƣô൱ڶӵȡ֮֮ߵɳɷˣ
īһЦ
֡
ʱһͳȪݸҹķҪⲻҪ飬ֲһӳɹԣܷɣԣȪţҪʱ壬̲طǳá
ҹ˫һһϲеȪ
ңҡ
ҹ촽飬һԥҲٶ˵ԴнӹȪл
£ӵŽٵȪƴ֣ûбҪ˵ˣ󷽣پڣԵ֡
֣ôûʹͣ
ϷͷʵҵķӳֵʱҲܵһ̶ȵԣٺ١ϷһƤס
ûطһۣʹһȪϷ
ϷûӶ٣ֵƨƨߵġ
еȪ˭Ҫȡǣһᰴվз䣬ԣλҪȪŬȡٳ߸ͷһ

ϷҹˣʱһЦ׷׵ͷ



1049 ٵ
Ȼ˵һζɽ٣ϷҹǷ֣չֳ˹˵츳Ϊÿһ˶˳˷УϷ붫ҹķǼ⣬ǧѷļƷ
ǣһױЩС׼ˡ
ȻΪھƣûǣһı磬÷֡Ϸҹһ˵Ľʺޡ
ٶķ׵ı챦һȣȫֵһᡣ
λֵܣѾΪʥߣҲ˱磬ڣǶ۽ա
΢΢һЦ
ϷҹˣȫһЦ
֣ҵı磬һƬ磬ʲôҲûУڲĿռҲʮı챦磬һεĴڣ
һʧ䡣
ΪԼֵȻȲס񣬵ǣҲռΡ
˭룬ϷǶҹѷɫ
÷ǿҵĴܸС
ᵽ磬һơ
Ƿ֣Ϸ붫ҹҲӿЦ
ڼʶ׵ı챦Ϸ֡ҹոˣȻ֮ܵĲࡣ
׵ߴ֮£ЭһӣһεϯסīһˣȫС
һƬĿռ䣬س֮ļһɼϡ֮УƱһ֮Уеʮֵѹ֡
ϴı챦ֵı磬ֱĿ
ҡͷһЦ
ְ̾
Ϸ붫ҹ׷ǰŷֵļ򣬰ο֣޼ⱦ磬Ҫµһʱ
Ͼÿһ˶ģ
Ϸ붫ҹԷθذοŷָ֣ͬܵζ
΢΢ͷȻü֮ȻһЩ˼
ڷֵıУɢϸ̽һٿأһΣ˷ֵǰһƣ֣㲻Ļҿҵķ򣬸ıһΣΣ
˻
Ƿ֡Ϸҹȫ־ϲˮץסһݣ׷ǰһӵ׵ǰ
֣а취ҵıƷʣһɡ
ǺǣҲûпܡ
һƶӵű챦磬ƿһֵĴ編ҪһƬأν׾١ȻˣıѾȶǼֵı磬ѾһƬȽȶأôܹ𵽵ã΢΢ˡһƬ磬سɣռ䶼ûгȶҵǿԳһ
͵߬׵䣬ƴسţ֣һ֮ҵıȫˣ
ϷҹҲʮּס
ֵܹı磬ôϷ붫ҹĳ磬Ҳûʲô⡣
ãҾΪ
׽ĵֱ졣
СӣҪǧСģʵڲУҲҪǿ
Զī룬һϾһ
Ͼֵĳ磬ʮֲȶһ׵ĸ֮£ռʱңôֵΪһҹʧ
ǰģ׵һЦ
ȣ
˵ţһѪҺҷڣ׵ıڲϯһƣЯɱ⣬֮У̺һɹ׽ķ壬ƽӻ뺣һ㣬ӿֵĳС
顭
޾ķ壬һӿֵĳ磬̼䣬һҡΣɵĿռ俪ʼϵƿҪһ㡣
ţ
ô£ֵı磬ƺҪˣ
Ϸһ
ֵı磬ƺֵܲķݲУѾҡˣ
ҹҲһľʧ룬ڷֵıУ˸оͺеһҶۣʱпΪ֮㸲ʱա
žҵ𶯣ֽҧأһԣͷ亹ƶһ㣬ˢˢ䡣
Ǻǣû¡ҵķ򣬱Ƚϸ߶ˣںϷֵķһںϳɹ־ܹƿһָ߶˷򣬱Ҳøȶ
һЦһƵᡣ
һ̣˾һĻˡԭʮִٵĳ磬һεķ£ʼչؿʼ룬֮һ˿֮Ҳʼ磬׵ĸ£ſٵأ׶Ρ
ʱȫһһ˼ضףͺſٵص̹ţ֮У޾֮顣



1050 Ȼһ
顭
ٵأḶ́ԼĪһʱڳ䶨׵һͺУεķɿɢıҲȶ
̼䣬˾˫һһ˼ضŻȻһµ硣
ȥֵıڲʼ̬ȫͬط룬񷣬вãأһ޷壬һľһ֮֮£ڻıڲãޱߵıװǵ㣬һ˿
УԭѹľִٸУ̼٣һȶĿռ䣬һչֽţΪܡ
ˣֵĸ֮£ֵ磬ǿռչʮңռȶҲ࣬ٸһַƮҡĸо
ҹ˼ȭ鱬죬Խȶı磬һʱ䲻ͣզп
˴۽磬ֵı磬±һЩʥʿҲضáɽӴаһЩɽʯľ޽ôܿͻһС硣
Ϸһп
֣ĸоΣ˵ıܹ֮һֵĴ編Ǽ٣
˫һеضŷ֡
ϸŻȻһµı磬˵ļ˷ܣ׵񣬾ͺǿĸһ㣬гһ޾ĸм֮顣
֣ҵȷƿһЩ編컯ɾⶼҵı֮ܵɱ䣡
˵һ죬ĿռչʮռȶԸһɳ죬ϰٱҾϲǣƿصһִ編򣬶˵һĻԵӽⲿַ챦磬Ʊؽ°빦⣬ԼľΪҲһ̶ȵ
ϸһı仯һһʮĽ
δ䣬Ϸ붫ҹɵһ󾪺пš
ʲôĵõһִķ壿ţ
ҹһأЩ㱣ţⲻǿЦɣû뵽ֻſȷඥͨȻܹԼĸ߶˷򣬴ڸˣ
֣õһ컯ɾķ壬սӵӦ֣ôܹͶ֮䣬˺ѳһռѷô
Ϸ궯˫֣׷ʵ
ҡҡͷɵʧһЦǺǣҵõķ壬ֵİٷ֮һûУҪ似֮˺ѿռ䣬ǳ룡
֣ĪҲһӵܹ˺ѿռĿֲΪ
ҹׯƸߵˣһζضϷ
һ;ǳ࣬нݾԡܹ֮õһִ編򣬵ı챦磬ںһ컯ɾĿռ䡣
Ϸͼ׵УⲿַٲȻǳ롣Ͼڱ챦ĻԵˣסܹó˷ֵܵõһ˿棬Ѿǳ˲ˡҪؼ̳׵ķ壬ʨӴ󿪿ڣĲ
ϷһƺҲ֪Լʧˣʱεͷ
λ
׵һЦƿصķ˵ȫ׳ǵҲںգǷֵı磬һƬ磬ǳȶҵŬ£ں˲ٷ֮һķ壬ʱʵɱ䣬ҲǱܹںϵ޶ȵķ壬ٶ࣬ռͻܲסƣʱ򣬿¶ԱҲ
׾ͱԼ̬ȡ
ȻײнԼƿصķ壬ȫ׳һֵܷϧ֡Ϸҹ磬Ʒ̫ܹͣںյķ壬Ҳֻаٷ֮һĳ̶ȡ
ԣҪӵ־Ͷ֮˺ѿռ񼼣ȫǳ˵Ρ
֣Я࣬Ҫ㣬ٿ꣬Ҳδ̶ܹȡ
һֿضףжθصл
׵һЦ˰֣֣֮䣬ֵܣֱ˴ˣˣⶼӦ顣
ͷٶ˵ȴůúԡ⣬ж֮θ
ٺ٣֣ܲҲһ±Ʒʣ
֣ɲܺ˱˰ҲҪͬĴ
ҹϷ׷׳ǰһһң׵ļײԸ硣
ŶҹϷеĿ⣬ˬһЦģ㾡ȫλֵ磬Բκһˡ
δ䣬Ϸ붫ҹʱ裬һƶЦ
ׯƸˣɵһۣЦⰻȻ



1051 صɽ
˵Ϸڽɽһϻ˵ĶӣСүӵųһͷ츳Ѫһ֮Уνǳͣ
ΪˣϷһĸԸ¡
˭룬Դӽ뱦ϷͲֹһεؽ׵Я࣬Ҳûһ˿һư֮飬׵ǰϷǫѷþͺһͯ
ׯƸߡʶĻɽСүȥԶ
Ȼˣν죬Ϸ֮ǻһƵģӸ߸ϵСүǫѷмӵİͯȫΪ׵츳ϷС
ƩһƷʣڶ̶̵һʱڣͿԽϷ֡ҹı磬һΣһЩʥ쾳ʿ
似ֶΣ֮ΪΪҲΪ
һʱʱ䣬ĿޣֻڳԪϷ֡ҹ˵ȫԾܾջ
ϴҵı磬ѵûа취𣿡
ۿҪֵܵ磬ȫһΣʱЩ಻סˣ۰Ͱ͵ضף˫֮о壬˵Ŀ֮顣
ʼһ޿κεż񣬡Ǹı磬Ѿڶͣǽıȫ飬ĻҪںҵķ壬ǲܵ顣
ɵһ΢Ƭ̣ʱҡҡͷ䱦Ը
Ͼı磬ѾͣķҪݻ٣ôڼ˵ֵòʧĸо
£ϷĲϴߴ£˴ӷֵıгһΣϷıڲ
Ϸı磬ͬһƬɣڲĿռ䣬Ҳʮִֵ٣䣬еһûɵѹָС
ϻ˵׵ʼ߶壬ȫϷı硣
һ˵ȣ˫˸˸Ź⣬ۼ֤Ϸ磬׵ĸ֮£ϵɱ
ԼĪһʱϷı챦磬Ȼȫɱͣɱ֮ı磬޼ʵɱ䡣
֣ı磬ڿ޼
һİȻЦ⣬֮Ҫúþһֳܹһߵʤ
ϷˬһЦٺ٣ҸоԼһɱ䣬ҵʵٶһء˵ţϵظ׹ֵл
׵һЦ˵
ţֲ˶ҹıУ׹ʼʩҹı磬Ҳľظһ
ܿ죬ҹı磬Ҳͬɱ䣬֡Ϸͬһˮƽϡ
Сӣû뵽ڷƿأ˵¯࣬磬Ȼûһʧ֣Ҵ۽硣
һֱĬī룬˿̲һпȻīӵ龳Ϊʶ㣬Ƕһӵű챦ǳС
Ǻǣֵңġ
ͷһЦ
ˣǾѰһƧ֮أ䶴աһָһЩ̣Ѱܹʵǳ̨ķˮء
磬¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
Ϸҹּˣ׷Ӧŵ
ˣǰһ飬һûü㱨
ٿأüͷһ뵽ʲôҪ£һϾؿī룬֮ҵһĹ֣˵ֻҪ˳ƿĹ֣ܹϹĹ֮У
˻
ī벻ɵϢһϣȫ
ʲôǾȻһĹ֣ңĹֵڲϹĹأ
īգգ˫أЩѹͷļ̫ˣһĻԵˣôʲôջû
ܵīепס֡ϷˣɵӿЦ
ǰ֪
£׽ĹֵһһʮīһīƵƵͷ
ǺǣܹҵĹֵĵһöӣѾǳѵˡ
īһЦǵ裬ҪƿϹ֣ǲܵ飬һ٣īһƣЦҵʶһˣҲһİգƿĹ֡
ţ
ܹƿĹ֣
һ˵ƿĹ֣ϷҹֵˣȫһǺΪܵضī롣
еĿī벻ɤӣһƢǳŹֵ󷨴ʦɾɾʱץΪߣϣ컯ɾûܹᲢۣ
һᵽ˵е󷨴ʦīԵΪϾҲࡣ



1052 ɷ
˻
ڳһ˵ȣȫĿ࣬һ˫ɵúţۣԼĶ䡣
īᵽ󷨴ʦȻɾ
ɾҲ˽⡣
֮ǰīڽ컯ɾʱ򣬾˵컯ɾǹ˵ĹأҲǹ˵һѡˣ̳Լ²
ֻҪܹ˳ʵ̨ĶˣôܹõɵĴУΪɵ²ˣֱӵõɣΪ˵ˣΪɷͨķӶϾ˳֮·³ա
ΪɷɷͨԣҪõɣͱҪʵǳ̨һѡ²ӵҲ͸ˡ
Ϊ컯ɾɾ°һЩɾЩľΪߣ츳ѪǵͶ˵ܹᲢۡ
ЩҲΪ컯ɾһ
ʵϣ컯ɾеĸУȨڵһɾܳĸ֣֮٣񣬻ÿһˣζϳ̨»صɾΪ˵еˡ
ûϵīлƿĹֵ󷨴ʦȻҲɾ񣬶ңƺǵһ񣬲
Ȼɾôʣ˶ǸѸߵ֡
һ۷׷ףڹ˵ĸִ˵ɷͨķ˸ԵĿ
˵ǹЩ
ԼĪһյĹ󣬶ҹٿЦһڴ˵еĹ˱ǿҵĲ˵еĹˣȻܹɾ°ǧ飬컯ɾ̨Ҫѡ²ˡǣĻȴࡣΨÿǧ꣬ŻῪһڵĻᣬңԪϵ컯ɾų壡ɾƫ
ԣ֡סˣһĬ׳˼
ҹıԹī벻ҡͷһЦСӣ˵δЩ뿴Ǵ˵еĹˣò컯ɾҴɾ֮°ǧ飬ΪʲôΪľѡǿƣлԵ˵һ²ˣ
˵츳Ѫʣɾӵһ˿ԴҪķӸǱһ㣬ӹɡ
Ͼ嶼ǷˣҪɣжѳһˡӵԴ壬ҪõɣʾҪöˡ
īɵؽ͵
ҹɵһ촽һʱЩͷɥ
ȷ
Ҫ˵츳Ѫ컯ɾе壬ȷʵҪ˲١
ǾסĻѪ򣬶һεĴڡ
ң壬û䣬һۼĸ֣ڡڣ𾳽Ĵܣ֮٣ָ
ǣ컯ɾ֮УϵĲ𾳸֣ǳ֮ࡣԶܹᲢ۵ġ
Ȼ˵ƽȣÿһ飬ŵõɵĿܡǣͬ츳ѪͬŷǳӰ졣
еĹңҲǿǿޱȵѪУܹ춨еİλ֮ǧǧ磬˵ͨ
װͷ
˵ӵŻĹʮеһŽ壬Ҵ޷䣬Ҫ֮֮һϸ£ǳ롣
⣬Ǵͨ컯ɾ壬κεƣôеۼ֣϶컯ɾʱ򣬹˷Ѿǧɾ°ӶƱػᱻɱ⡣컯ɾеԴҲᱻ°һաϾЩľΪǳ£ԶѶһۣܹᲢ۵ġ
ԣΪ˱סɾѪŻ컯ɾڣڴڤס
īһϾط˵Ҳûȫ컯ɾͨÿǧ꿪һڣʥӽ컯ɾֻҪܹǫ́Ͽɣôܹһ֮䣬컯ɾ
Ȼ˵ǳãǣҪӱΪ˵еˣּѡ
΢΢³һī뻰һת˵ˣһ˵֮ʣԼͶ˲ã֮У֮У˸ָıءؾֻҪ飬ܹҵɱأؾУһܹõɣδҪ컯ɾʵǳ̨
δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫɫ䣬һ˼ضī룬һš



1053 
ţûɣ˵еĹˣȻ֮ؾأȴз򣿡
ڣ˵ǣͶ˲ã޼ʵʱ֮У
Ϸһп˶ЩòԼ
Դ컯ɾ֮кʥӣһĸܡ컯ɾе飬˵ҪҸö࣬ԵҲĽʵǣ컯ɾӵһ̨ԣɷֻͨҪϳ̨ҲܹõɣԪľۣĳɻᡣ
ǣīһ˵ƺҲ౦ؾңīĿ˵ֻҪõЩؾأõҲˮ¾л
ô˵飬Ҳܹɷͨ£õɵģ
ֻҪҵؾأ𻯷Ϊ˵Ŀܣ
޾³УҲ֪жٷ绪ۣΪ˴ͨɷͨ㾡һѪ޾ķɣȻһԪľ޶յıҽ
Щ֪ţѰҵɢ֮еؾأ˵ܹõɣΪˣʱӵ˵ķͨɷͨҲ׾١
һпӿֳ޾ı
ڹ˵Ĵ˵һ㣬ǿ֤˵ǣȷгֹΪڲ֮ǰǾֹɾѪһξѪΪܹ֮ҵ˵ʬ壬ôһ
ڻĹҵļ񡢷֡ҹһ۷׷ףɫϾ
˵˷컯ɾ񡢷֡ҹˣȫջķᣬջ񣬲ȫǸϵľõһЩţЩţΪ֮𶯣Ϊ֮
ǰԷ飬ô飬Ҳûлõɣֿһ˿ϣ
ҹ궯˫֣ϲЦտ
һν컯ɾڶҹ֡˵һΣϾǵľΪ츳ѪҪǫ̃Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣǳ˵Ρ
ԣҪٶȲ컯ɾȫǳ롣
ΨŽӵһϣԷһһɹܹһ֮䣬컯ɾ壬Ӷһõɵ·
Ϸ֡һ˵ȣԼ˵ǲܹͨɷͨôյĽֻãã³䡣
Ҫõɵ飬Щ
īĻĹҵĵӣȫȼ޾ϣڵõɵĿٶȴﵽһ㡣
һʿԲᶨڵõɲôǱͻʮޡ
ʣϷ֡ҹˣûзõɣΪһ˵ľģ
ǰᵽɾ󷨴ʦаܹƿĹ֣
촽˼ջأ۽
ڵõɵ־ţһ˵ʱ岢󣬱Ͼ׵ֻԪ磬зǳ·Ҫߡ
ǹĹ֣ܹƿô׵˵һ޾Ĵ󱦲ء
ףšƣҪ¾ʵ֡
ܹϹĹôҲŷǳҪ塣
Ǻǣ˵еĹˣһļһɾ°ǧ飬ң͵ؾأЩؾأڹˣֻǹ˽ɾɢؾأ컯ɾ֮С
īһŹЦ⣬ĹϹĹӦҲǹ֮зֵؾأԣ֮ǰ컯ɾ֮Уḻ컯ɾеԴڣ˶δܹƿĹ֡ϾϹ󷨣ûзǳоǲܴ򿪵ģ뾳ΪûֱӵĹϵ
֮˵ʶ󷨴ʦһİգܹƿĹ֣Ϊ󷨴ʦͳɾһĸʢ壬쳹ɾС˷Ѿţ֮Ŵ°һʮմˣҵ˴ĹżЩżʮأֻĵӣѪżܹݣ˸
ѪȻ̸ϰ䣬޾Ҳûзչ׳󣬿ûйǧΪй涨Ϊ˱Ѫͨ飬ҳһػ֮Уԣˣ˽⡣
˵ص󷨴ʦīʱϲǰִ˵ԴԶסϷҹľ



1054 ɱ
װΪ֮ľû뵽īе󷨴ʦȻɾһ壬ѹаƳĹ֡
ҲֻɾĴУ㹻ϣܹ⿪Ĺֵİء
֣Ȼ˹ϣͨΪβɣͲţΪ컯ɽеĵڰ˴˵õ͵ɽ겻
вԿɡҲţֻҪ峤Ը⣬׾ٱڸеҪְٻ󣬳ΪˡԼҲܹͷء
ҹЩʵ
Զҹɣī벻ɸеЦһϵ󷨼ԣͷزûʲôǳĲڵǱѪС
Ͼ컯ɾеɽյĿ꣬ǵõʵǳ̨Ϊ˵еˡ컯ɽٻЩɽ
У컯ɽԴḻ㣬ķˮءϧɽȴƧֵ
󷨼˵ǵĺľϵĴУ󷨣֮⣬츳Ѫϣͼһϸ£ȡ衣
ֻҪõϵĴУ󷨣һܹͻƣߵľ硣ڣͶ֮µ󷨣ԽɱСǲ𾳵ĸ֣Ҳܹס
īϲ
õһԼĶ䡣
û뵽ϾȻˣܹƾ󷨵ͽ𾳵ĸָס
ǶôֲֶΣƺţ
Ҫ֪壬컯ɽ磬𾳵ĸֶ۷ĴڣǶһľͷ󷨽ô̼ܸı컯ɽľƣ
û뵽컯ɽ֮УȻضǿ
һʱ˶󷨴ʦԽԽ˺뾴η
˵󷨴ʦ峤Ҳ츳ΪڵһˡΪڣңһȫµططܹʹ˵϶Ϊһ
һ仰˵Ϊһ壬ӴѪֱ˴ˡ˵Ѫǣǹһ֡Ͷ֮䣬ùɱУ
˵УںϵĹƣɱͬһϹŴĹ󷨣Ȼ˵󷨴ʦľΪûдﵽ𾳽磬ڵɱҲȫ߶ǣʵȫڲ𾳸֣Ƿǳֲһڣ
īһϾ˵
ײɵȻһû뵽˵е󷨴ʦȻϹɱԼ֮УﵽһʲôĲΣ
󷨴ʦڹĴĦѾ¯࣬ﵽһ˽һ⾳
ͨ󷨴ʦҪᲢֱۣǳ룬ߵĲ𣬿ࡣ
īǰȻ˹Σ󷨴ʦ˵ضǿνʶ󷨴ʦ
һɵʵ
Ͼī룬ֻ龳磬ʥȪȵͨҪҪʶ󷨴ʦڳ롣
Ҫ֪󷨴ʦܾһľͷʢĲڵɽ֣Ҫƾ󷨴ʦΪãǲܵ顣
һΣī룬ͼ󷨴ʦɽƳĹ֣Ѷȼ
Ǻǣ˵󷨴ʦƼˮ꣬Ҫ˼ҳǳѣǣˣȴ󷨴ʦŷͬСɵĽ飬֮
Ȼ˵ڣҵѾ󷨴ʦһ飬æңƳĹ֣󷨴ʦ˵ҲһλԵʱ򣬵õϹĹıأҲĪ档
ī뵭һЦӦ
ԣҹΪȻĵ˵ͷԭīˣ󷨴ʦ֮ѹīа󷨴ʦɽ
Ҳ󷨴ʦУȻص󷨴ʦǸ֮ˣ
ҲīˣΪ֮
ȻˣǺβ̶Ѱ󷨴ʦ䣬ֻҪ󷨴ʦܹƳĹ֣ôһܹϹĹ֮Уõ޾ıء
Ϸ˴˫֣ȻЩȲ
붫ҹҲһЦ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ԣī벻ʧһЦһתҪƳĹ֣ɲǳϦ֮飬ǵʱʣ޼Ҫʵǳ̨ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡһܹһ֮컯ɽ硣
ڹĹ֣ܹɹػǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡôгһգһ󷨴ʦһ֮ƳĹ֣ӶϹĹ֮Уһ̽
īž޲
ػī÷ǳΪҪ飬ʵǳ̨ϹĹеʱ䲻̽
ǰԼǣǻץʱ䣬ʵǳ̨£顣
ΪȻص˵ͷ



1055 Ѫɱ
Ȼīȫ˻ô˵ȻҳԷ
£ī֮£ٶȳų̨λһ·Ӷȥ
֮ǰһΣ˶һ׼Ҫڳ̨ΧҵһȶĿռ䣬ʵǣʮֲס
пܣвķʱ⣬δܹҵһȶʵǵص㡣
Ϊ׵ʣʱ䣬࣬ԣһ·֮ϣҹ·糾ͣҪҵʵǵص㣬ȫʵǡ
򲻸ˣµĳ;֮һգʣӣų̨ıԵһ·Ϳշеһˣ֡
顭
ڲԶĵطһɽѵı˷˿ÿһҡػΣɽХ˷׷׽Ųһ٣һɢʶϸ̽Զ
ǰҵλãƺڼս
΢΢üսƺһս۷Ӧʥ硣
ʱ䣬׾жϣ
ţ
ʥĸڻս
ҹȻһ΢΢ĵشعϡͨ˵˵صʿǱʵǳ̨ĿġಫⳡսǷǣ
͵һе罣ϲЦտҲ£п˷һȶʵǵص㣬˻ɱᡣ
ڳһ˵ȣ׷׵ͷǡ
ٺ٣ʥôֱɱȥеһ򾡣ʱǾܹʵǵˣ
ϷԸ𱬣ʱҪɱ
Ϊ˰ȫϢͽǰС
΢΢ס򲻵ѵǧҪ¶Ρڳ̨ΧΪֲǵͿշУһ·׵Ҳľ޴ҿϰٵȪġĻһߡ
ȻȪǳ󣬵׵˵Ϊʣ޼ʱ䡣Ȩ֮£Ϊ˾ҵʵǵص㣬ڶ̶̵ڣѾ˽ʮȪ
˵ţһȵعرʮëףԾԱڣһ·ǰȥ
ϷҹֵһۣҲ绢ưһϢΪͽн
ī뵭һЦͬϢײнû뵽Ž廹д֮磬ܹں֮ӸƵ÷
ī벻źۼ͵һۣ͵ص˵ͷ
µͽѰ٣ҵ˿ȻԸ״һյĹ˾ϢսıԵشһĿԶ̽ս
쿴
ʶ񣬼ڵһʱ䣬Ͳ˵صĿռ䣬ʮֵȶɳ̨Χֻϡϡļ߮׷ɣǸˮأ
ʣһʺʵǵľѵص㣡
٣׵Ѱ£⻹ǵһҵʺʵǵĵص㣡
ʱȫ־ϲ±˲٣̾Ҫһ߸ߣ
顭
ʮ￪ĵطϰӰ·裬ɱһ˾ǣϰʿԴŲͬʽۣӴжϣɫһƺȫͬš
Լһ£ԼĪĸŵĵӣ໥ɱУΪעĿģʥʿʥʿͨɱڡֱذҡػΣȥΪ֮˻취׷ɣ߱ѣ䣬ڤ֮Уûɵøεѣ⡣
˻
סҹϷˣɵõһ
ЩһӴԼʩչķжϣĹ⴦ʵǵ㣡ʥĸ֣Ҳˣ
΢΢üɫϾû뵽һʵǵ㣬Ȼ˵֣ĹΪ֮ɱᣡ
֣⴦ʵǵ㣬ʮֿȫʿͬʱʵǣΪЩһﻹҪ໥ɱ
Ħеĺ̹ǵ罣оȡ
Ǻǣ˾ռߡ
īҡͷһЦĮʵǳ̨Ḷ́գҪоȫΪԣڹؼʱ̣͵Ϯôǳǰڣƽԣͨ˵һʵǵ㣬ֻһռ䣬Ǽͬʱʵǵ㣬ôͻǰ󡪡ͬ໥ɱֱ˸Ͼɱ
ҺãЩһߴĵӣĻҪЩһжʵǵ㣬ͱȽϼˡ
īüͷһ
ǰΪߴĵӣǾͲȡˣ׸еʮֲ죬ǵʵǰʿ֣ҲԿ⡣
ī벻ؽ͵ͨ˵ߴĵӣΧռʵǳ̨ȻҲ⡣һʵǵ㣬ߴĵӽᣬôһؽߴϾɱһŲõ©Ӷߴ׷ɱĻ
˵ˣĵش洦ɱĴڣ˭Ҫǵߴʵǵ㣬ôߴĵӣֻҪųźţܿͻɱϵʱһһһߵɱ
īâէ֡
éٿͷǡ
ȷںĵشߴǶһľͷѰʿ򲻵ѣǾԲҵߴġ
ڣһ׵ҵ⴦ʵǵ㣬Ȼ˸ȵˣǣûߴĵӡ



1056 ԩ·խ
׻˵ҹζ࣬ǰǲ̶֣Щһһ򾡣һ⴦ʵǵ㣬ͳΪǵ֮
ϷĥƺѾȲҪɱ䡣
֡ҹһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫī롣
ʣһѡ֣ī뽫ǵʲõʵϣīľΪʹǹƥҲܹеһ򾡡
ΪԷһǻǾ䣬ȳ䶨֮һɱ١ϾһһЩǱͬĿĵʿôǵĴˡ
ī벶ȸںΪ
׼ɱϷԲɵһͷɥ
ǼעǧҪκһ֮ززĻ⴦ʵǵ㽫©ǵİȫŷǳӰ졣
һ顣
īΪȻص˵ͷӧ񣬾ͽˡģҲκһ˴ġ⣬ҲϢز̽һΧ˵ţīһΣԻûһڤƮڹľݴ֮УХƬԭѱ١
סϷҹˣ񣬾۾عۿŸ߿еļս
顭
ǧսһʯıԳ˷ϯսʱϰʿֻʣ²ʮˣڿ֧š
Уʥʿֻʣ
СӣԹ־ܣһ󷢴ȱһ·˳ڳ̨һӺ׼ʵǳ̨Ļʹɱ֣
һŵɫ۵꣬еİ벽ʥЪ˹غţȻһֹƻĵħ˲֪У㱣ƽһͷݵĸо
ޣΪǻƿɶɱǣգ
սһ欵Ůӣ磬бһ٣ʩչһƣħȫܸš

߳ŭԵһʥʾһ£ʱʥҼйƶһ㣬Ůɱ
ӳʥӵžԵơ
ޣԶ٣ʲôӢۺú
Ϸŭ޲̳ǰȥһӢ۾
ʦ֣˵ıȳĺʲôԶ٣ӢۺúҿǱŮӵòƻǣҪ乲ɽɣ
бһԵۣĹĵһϷĴȡ
ϷʹЩгһԵķһסͣƷڵء
Ĳ˳ʺãģ飡
䳰ȷ
ϷˤΪǱ缸䣬ȻһڤϯǰһһӰ
ಣ
ڤ˲û״̬µī룬һ죬ҵı뿪⴦Ƿ֮أ
˵ţҲ׵˳ѯʣһӣһεͽһ˵ȸ˱ڲ
͡һīŲͣٶʩչڤݷϢسԶշӶȥ
һ·֮ϣƬ̲ͣڶһͷֲϹޡ
ڲ
סϷҹֵˣһ޷ɽۣһü֮ǳ˼
˵ʲôˣȻ龳īǰ˵ûţ
ֽüüһ֡
ԼĪһյĹīͣ˽ŲһΣһͰɽʯ棬һӣסϷҹˣȫӱиٻ˳
ಣಣಣ
סϷҹ˸һΣһĿضī룬ȴīĽ͡
ܵеɣīҲֻͣһָǿ쿴˭ˣ
˳īָһɵضȥֻԶ֮УǧӰһɸسų̨ӿͷˣȻйһ֮ԵĹųϣԼֵܣ
˻
ʱȫɴ˫ϢΪ֮һϡ
ģȻǾŹŵĹųϣ
ҧгݣǼɱˣɱڣԩ·խû뵽ڲã޼ʵĺĵشȻٶȱС֣
ųǧӣǲɽʥˣǺộ
ϷЦһ޲ǰȥɽĵӸϾɱ
ŹŵĹųô
Ŀ磬īһۣɤ𽥵ͳīǰֵܣ֮ǰ׷ɱôû뵽һȻö˶˵ûţ
͵߬ȭͷ߷ƽ
ޣų˫ۣǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡ֮ǰʥȪȵı룬սδܽնɱٱǷ֣ӳ죬ǳ룡
īһı࣬ҧҧ̾һ߰ɣ⴦ʵǵ㣬϶ûǵķˣ



1057 
ԣؽҧΪĵ߬ȭͷ
µĳ;棬裬òҵһѵʵǵص㣬˭˵Ҫ˸еɥ
֣ϷҹˣҲӿЦһ̾
֮㣬֮ࡣ֮䣬ΩʵʵġǿʳبŲĴַ
񣬾Źŵǿ׳īǶ֣Ψнķ⹰ãǴʡ
ǲˣ翹ֻ·һ
ߣǰǵõǧξֵܣ˵ҪǿȡᣬڻҪϾɱ̫
ǷѾţ֮ҵ⴦ѵʵǵص㣬ѵҲҪãʵʲ
ѡ
֣ĪΪһʱ³ç
ҹæȰο
֣ӱʮ겻ɽڲûա
̾ϢһСֵһʱһգǻʱ³ɺޣһ㣡
ֵһɱڣŭա
Уʵʲȥз»ᱻӣ˻һҪɱϣҲŲСֵôߣţ
һֻ໵һУһԼĪŰɵѪɫֱ׵ڷӶצػ׵Եø˳ӡ
֡ϷҹΪ֮һһʧס
ѵҪ޶֣
ѻʯѰ·Ͼ龳ī룬ֵܵĶֻ֣Ԫס
Ž壬жٰգ
īһס
ī׵˽⣬֪ײ³ç嶯֮ԲδһζȰ˵
λ赣ǣҲҪӲӲɱһһֻҪþŹŵһЩѪĴۣ
˹еĿ⣬׸еһů˵ӵűı磬ƿһ컯ɾķ򣬾Ͷ֮˺ѿռ䣬Ȼ޷նɱޣҪԱ׾ٵġ
ʾױȵš
һײҪƴһֻ׼͵Ϯһڶ΢΢һɫ֮УЩǡ
ǰֵܰ٣ʰ˵С֣
׳ī빰˹֡
īһڵ˵ͷӦŽ壬һҪСģҪʱ򣬲һɱһ֮
صص˵ͷ
Ϸҹֵˣһɫӵף촽Ƭ̣վʲôû˵
ֵܶ׵˽⣬㶯֮֮컨׹ӿҲԸı׵⡣
ˣϢīһһȣ첽ȥ
Ϸֶҹһˣ󣬲
쬣
ֻһ΢ƿѪɫӰƾʧԭأһǱĹľС
顭
ͬʱʵǵɱѾβԭʮ˵սתֻʣ²ʮڿ֧š
űٵŮӣһըҩһȻѣ˼ʱսڳ䶨
ҸԣѰ·Ϣָ˾һҪһϾŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣʱƱؽһɳ죬£ܵǧ˾
ɫ۵꣬һǵѪΪܵػеİ벽ʥ쳤Ц
ʦַޱߣǧأһͳɽ磡
ϲʦ֣ϲʦ֣
Ҵʮʿһϲعصϲ
ڣ
ͻأģһĽâ͵ػգ쳤ЦԴϣһټԴƱѵϣһʱİ׵ӿʱɢ졣
һ̫죬ʯ֮䣬ɥʧͷ­壬ƺûзӦȻڼ㵸ľ߷塣
˻
ͻıʣĿģףڳһʿʧɫһֻ޴ӴܣаϹޣŵ̱֫
飡飡飡飡
Ȼһ̣ǵصĽâ͵˺˿ռ䣬ڤвһ㣬ͽ˶
ʮʿһ⣬ңֶμΪ̡
СҲʵǳ̨ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ܹþŹŵҲˣ
ų쳤Ц׷ɵѪ꣬Ϊſ
ѰʿУһ㣬ݽ棬ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
ųϣ
ųϣ
һʱ䣬ǧڲɽʥӣػеķɽХĻεΪ׳ۡ
ϯҶ׷ɣûע⵽ڲԶһƬĹľУһ˫˫ۣɢɭĿ⡣



1058 ɽ
Ǻǣڣ⴦ʵǵ㣬Ѿ˳µرռݣ
ӣޡ
ųϸЦתͷһԼĬӡֵܣλٲ÷Ҳòɽʥ׼ʼʵǳ̨
ӡƺЩ̫ԸջǴͳһöö졢ˣʼ
ӣޡ
ųһοһܹλ֣ɽĵӻһĪҡԴˣʦҲǸм
˵һ·ϣʵλˡȻص˾Źŵһú峤ǰλԼ䣬峤λʦܣ
ųһֿ
һ·ǴʧǧξΪ׷ɱī룬ɱ˶ᱦ˴£νƣգʲôûţңʥȪȵļ龳ĸ֣һΧŹЩڱжʧ
ΪƣԴųϵĸҪҲΪܡ
Ϊ˰ӡ˵ųϷѾ࣬޹ճһõͼ
һųϵĻ޵ʱɫһҲ˶ࡣ
ͬʱڹųϵĴߴ£ǧڲɽʥӣһתԪĦȭƣɸߵĳ̨˫֮г޾֮顣
Ŵ˵еĳ̨˭԰ĵļ֮顣
һʵǳ̨ʥӣǧΪ͵һˡ
ԼĪһյĹһ͵ķͣ޵гΣȻķΧȽϿ㣬ǣ͵ǿȴߣȻ޲ûȫΪ
ԶһƬĹľУ׵һ˫ضŹųһˣţȻһ󣬿ӣҪ͵Ϯʮã
׸һҧ͵߬ȭͷ󲢲Ҫƿν׾٣ϸĦһͣһ
λʦܡ
ͬʱųɢ̽һƵüͷ壬̶ֳȵķƣûжЧҪλʦ²һƣżȫòɽʥĵȺ򡣡
ӱһЦһԵЩͷʲôʦ֣ǲõƲǿҡҡͷΪмɺѪ촽һɰӿ糱ʦ֣δЩСˡƣǱ£ػõֵܡ
ǫ́Ͽɵĸѹĸ۵ļһѰ·
ͦͦظ硣
ųһʧһЦ˵ͷҲãȻˣͲͷλʦˡųһӣƫͷȥٴޣƺЩŭ
˵ųھŹŵеȽϣǱ޵ľΪѷһҲʦԾӡƹŲɽˣνȨգء
ԣޣųʱҲֱ
£ųϴһӣԾԾԵϰٸʥʾһ¡
СǣǵĻˣһʵǳ̨߾ߣ
ųһ¡
ಣಣ
ʱϰӰˢˢس𣬻Ϊһ磬Գɸߵĳ̨ӶȥÿһʥӣǼѣȫƲסض¸ͣ
ľŰٶʥӣǺ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ÿֲѹȣ
̨ԵѹδҲֲ̫ˣƱһ޷壬ȫĽǶҪɢˣ
УҿҪֲסˣ
˭룬һ̨ԭ²ϰʥӣһһΣеһҶۣЩӿѹ֮Ϊ֮㸲
һʱ䣬ÿһʥӵĶüΪٻɫϣҧ촽ټ
ʱһΪĳˡϰưʥӣ۰Ͱ͵ʥĳ̨׵λפ㲻ǰ֮ϣ¶һĨʧ롣

ЩģбҪķЯࣿ
һۣЦһЦؿԶĹųϡ
ڹųϣֵܵǲ̫𾴵ġϾʵΪ𣬹ųȻݵλҪ޸ߣʵȴҪѷһŷ
ųɫһ죬Ϊɽ컯ɾĸˣų϶Դɽʥӣ缺ͬµ״һ㣬޵ĳЦЩΣ
ȿȣʥӣˣ̴ԹԸΪͽ
ųɤӣһ½Ӳı飬߳ȵԪ綼ûУȻͼֱӷϳֱ̨ǶԳ̨Ĳأ֪ߵغ񣡡
̨ԲʮɣɸߣƣֱʡȻ쳣Ρΰǣܹɡʿ˵߶ȣͲʲô谭
ʵϣκһʿеΪһ֮䣬ܹϾƺ֮Уһңڡ
˵ųϡ龳ˡ
ǣ龳ʿҪϳ̨ǳ˵ΣңƽʱĽУųϵȫáʵǡʻ㣬ǡ١֮Ĵʻ㡣
Ҳ˵Ҫϳ̨ۣ֮ҪһһӡֽŲõؽ
Ҫֱӷϳ̨޻̸֮
ڲɽϰʥӣȻͼֱӷϳ̨ĵһ̨ףȻֿԣ֪ߵغ
ԴˣųֺֺЦ
Ҫ֪龳ĸ֣ڳ̨ıԵҲ޷зУ˵ֱӷϳ̨ˡ
ԭǳ򵥣Խǿ̨ҪܵѹԽǿֲ
ǳ̨ԲڣҪܵѹÿǰһҪʮ



1059 Ի
龳ʿҪֱӷ̨ǳ˵Σȫܡ
Ȼ̨Χѹǳֲ
ǣֻҪ̤ʵأʸڳ̨ұ֮ϣҪܵѹͻȻ͡
ΪˣҪϳ̨ʿ˷Уֽʵǡ
ҲǶԳ̨أԴ˵Ĺ˵һأ


ϰʥһȻ׷״ؿʼͽų̨
ţܵѹ˲併һ룡棡
ǺǣҪϳֻ̨һһӡؽˣ
λСĵ㣬ǧ򻬣ĻһСĽ²ȿգ̻ǧ򱶵ѹʱֱӻӳ̨׹ܵش
ڲɽϰʥӣܿͷĹؼ
ʵ̨Ĺأ컯ɾе飬һ֪һֻڲɽʥӣһͷˮ
ųƽһʱҲ˲ɽʥͣûн˾֪ĳʶռԣЦ
һĻ󣬿öڹľеףһȻʧЦ
Ѫɫһ׼͵ϮҪһ֣
ңЩڲɽǣʶһ¸ŭ𣡡
Цһһǹ֮С
ˡͨıǹƺҲΪܣһ
Ѫɫһ㣬ڹľУ׵кâէ֣ƺʱҪ˶
ȣ
𣡡
һߣϰʥӣǰ̵˳̨ĵײһֽŲãƴسų̨Ķ̨ұڱ棬ʮֲִڣʮּͣһʥӣͺƵɽߣץ繳ϵǶұڷ϶ų̨Ϸʵǡ
һʼϰʥӶʮӻԾҪڹųϵǰչ֣ӡ
ǣһ˾͸оԽԽֲѹ
ÿϷʵһҪܵѹҪһΣȻʥӶӵ޾ǣ˿ڿֲѹ֮£Ҳ˫˫űǦķӣ޸֮
һϰʥӵٶȣͬȳٻ
㣡
˭Ҫһ̨׶ȥ֮ɱ⣡
ųϣҧøֱ졣
һ̨ףһǧ׸ߡ
ϰʥӣոʮ׵λãһţ¶ߵƣùų̡
ϰٸʥӵʱһ飬׷ҧأʹ̵Ϸ̨ȥ
мвʥӣǲϧȼѪҲƵؽʧ֮󱻹ųϴԼ̡
˻
Ĳ״ԭ²ĦȭƵľŰٶʥӣʱ¶ɬֱð
һʥӣǾϸѡľӣһ̨ף˵÷ʣµķ֮½Ӽѡ
ʱ򣬾жʥӣܹƴȫ˳ϵһ̨ףһδ֪
ʵǳ̨ҪһǧֻҪ˵һ̨ףͿԻһǪ̈̄Ͼգ֮󣬲Żܵڶ̨׵ѹȡ
ԣî˾
ųϱһըһ㣬˶Ϻ
ȣ
ƴˣ
ڹųϵ֮£ܿʮʥӣӱƣŵһ̨ȥֽŲãһֻֻĴɽס
ʥӣһ˵ֻҪϵһ̨ףлõһȪʱ־ϲ׷ҧƴ
ڣ
ɱ
ٿأһͺȣԶĹľд
𡭡
ֻһХƽըһԼĪŰɳѪɫԻΪһ⣬ų̨ķϯȥһöһǰڵ
ţ
ãеϮ
ųȻһڵһʱ;
һ˫ضĺ⡣
һߣ￪ī롢ϷҹһˣǰĶǵһĻһĵ˫ֺʮ
顭һ죬Ѫɫîȫһ˲佫ײ÷飬һöö졢ˣȼıը׷ɡ
ѪɫͺƲ赲ħһ㣬ƫеسŹųɱȥ
ţ
ųͫһܵػеıӭǰȥͬʱдλʦܣɱУ
޲һЦ˫ֱأһûж
ֻһԪѪɫشС֣
˫ΪɲϡƽĴ֣СϺǲᶯֵģ
һƣǿһϷһµضæҵĹųϡ
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˣһԼĪʮɵĿռѷ죬ƾճ˵ϹѪڣҪһڽųϸɡ



1060 ɹ
ͻıʣȻһһ˼ضǰľĿࡣ
ûϵһԪѪɫȻܹ˺ѳһʮɳĿռѷ죬ֱƾף
Ҫ֪ԽǺĵشռȶԣԽǿֲ
񣬾̨ǧףռ伫ȹ̣ޣҪ˺ѳһռѷ죬ǳ˵Σȫʵ顣
ǣԪѪɫȴˣ
ܡ
ѪɫֻԪ磬ƾʲôܹ˺ѿռ䣿
鲻Խʧ
ͬʱŰʥӣҲ뾪һ׹ڤһȫ鲻Խز
ʲô
˵ʱʱ죬ų߶еı׼Ѫɫһɱ˭룬ǧһ֮ʣһʮɳĿռѷ죬ͻأĳǰϹ޵Ѫڣ͵سŹųɶ
һɰֲԴ˺ѵĿռѷ֮Уӿĺڶ˲ûųϣҪռ֮ннɱ
߾
ųϱһȫԪƻɽ緢һ㣬͵ͭе̫񣬹âɡ
ҵ񳱣ȼųϵ壬ڵһ㣬ٱˣ
ϧպϵĿռѷ죬ųϵľֲ̫Ŀռͬ󺣣ųУ·ϵһҶۣҡΣʱΪ֮㸲
ǧһ֮ʣųϸûа취ȫˣűұֱۣӱռѷնϡ
һѣתѪ⣬ɭɭİ׹ǣ罦Ѫ˲ӳ津Ŀģ͵Ϊ֮
ҵĽ
ųϷһ͵һ£ƶߵķݣһͷӸ߿Ե£
С
ڳһ˵ȣ׷׵һŵɫٿѪɫ񣬾ͺ񿴵˵еڤ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ȻһһǰһŹųϷ˶ȥ
ռѷת۱պϣռеĽŶ˵ұۣʧӰ١

Ѫɫһ֣չһ״һ㣬ҲƵĳǧʥӷ˶ȥ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ˲俪һ徵Ĵɱ
һѱƵ˵ʥӣɷѪɫǰս⣬һʱ޵Ұ
ӣѪɫɱˣ
ˣѪɫǳ̨ػɣĻΪܹ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䣬˹ųϣ
ҿɲҪռѷ죬֮أ
һɷѪɫŰٶʥӸεѣʱɢ޵س˷Ӷȥ
飡飡飡飡
ѪɫĿУϵһööڵһףÿһף׾ٵʥӣƤ˲ճһŻҽ
ϽĻ棬һ꣬ߵĲԭ˲ȼ̼һ죬
û뵽ǣֻԪѪɫȻ龳ĹųһǱס
һĻī롢Ϸֵ˵УзŹ⣬ͲסֱƶЦ
ΪĹеһŽ壬һ֣þŹŵĳǼɹѪɺӣ
û뵽Ѫɫ˵ĿֲȻһ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䡣ֶοƾףĪǣ״̬µѪɫΪһУҲ̳һ컯ɽķ򣿡
ɽˣأǺ޲ýϾɱηɱ˽
ϷҹֵˣһϲЦտ־ϲۿˡ
е˼ǣ״̬µѪɫȻ̳׵һַܹ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䡣
ζʲô
ԭ˿׵ط˲ֻǵͬȽ׵ѪɫˡˣѾǳˣ
ϾѪɫɲһ壬츳Ѫоǳ͵Ĵڡ
ܹõͬȼѪɫһ
˭룬ѪɫȻͬѰΪİ壬һУԵõһַ򴫳УüΪֲ
Ĳ˵ǾͶ֮˺ѿռԽѾõ龳ŵôСʧ
뿴ǵ˰ѪɫÿһѪɫ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռͥŲشǶôֲľ
µʱ򣬿ռѷͳ׵ıӻԲ𾳸ֻ֣Ҫռѷ֮УܹȻ
ͬʱռѷҲ׵ɱؼڰѪɫЭ֮£龳֣Ҳ



1061 ʧ
һʱ䣬˫˸˸⣬ٿ׵񣬾ͺһͷϹޣ˲˼顣
׵ۣһ̨ס
֮ǰ˵Ѫɫʵʥĸ֣ʱò˼顣ھһս֮ҲеΪȻ
һпѪɫʵ±еĻҪֲ
̳׵һַѪɫʵ̷ʵɱ䡣ԳĿ⣬ȥ
֮ǰüѪɫһ£⵽˼ĶȻܾ
ԭûоԵİսʤѪɫ
񿴵Ѫɫм̳йĴ編򣬶ʱ£еһ¡
˵һѪɫת˺ѿռ䣬ôضֻ·һ
ХľۣѪ׷ɣпɱڳš
ɽʥӣѪɫķɱ֮£˵ˣͷӬһҴܣҰ
ΪĹųϡˣ˿ȴϾˡ
ģҵıȻʱ֮УǿҺķǧ꣬һżеõı
ųſһ̲Ѫɫ԰ֽҵض˫֮Уӹһ˿
컯ɽ֮УҲʮģųΪ龳׵ĸ֣ܹõһȻʵס
Ѱ龳֣ڽǿ󣬿ɼϧ龳֣ûйųĻԵˣܹڹżҵһ
˭룬˹ųǧĽȻһԪѪɫݻˣ
һʲô
ǷӶһֱһӽΪһмˡ
龳Ĺų˵һұۣҲʲôһ֮䣬Ϳ޸ǣʧıȴùųϳ
ױ
׾
κηһʱ֮УҪҵɴ롣ķһ׹ռ̾ͻᱻ顣һЩռ伫ΪȶĴ磬ִΧʱǿȣ쳣ֲ׽ɱ龳ĸ֡
ȻˣųϵıһƷʼߣôױʱ顣
ǣʱûлΪƬҲһ̶ȵһ˵ʱƯʱԽҪܵԽ
ǧһѾĥ䣬ҵҲֻǲ״̬޿á
ңʱΪңһ׹Уܿͻʧ˲Ϣ֮䣬пƯǧ￪⡣
ԣǴ˵еۣҲڿռѰҵʧĽ
Ǵ˵еˣܹһ˿ʶᴩǧ磬޾ʱ߮̽һ˿ᣬܹҵʧı
ȻųϲˣҪ˺ѿռ䣬޾ʱУһԼıڳ롣
仰˵ųϵĽȻʧҲҲˣ
ʣڹų˵һΪصĴͬʱҲ׼ŭ˹ųϣ
ɱ
ʬΣͷ֮𣡡
ų͵ޣͷɢצسѪɫ˶ȥǸſģƺ׼Ѫɫͬھ
ʦ֣
Ī³ç£ѪɫǷݿɣûе֮ǰǧһʱ嶯ǲ̫ǲ׹ʱ֮Уת۾ͽһغ׷Ī
޴α䣬͵ڹųϵǰ
ųٿһ飬Ʊ˶ͷһˮ˲˲١
ȻûдӶʧıлгɱ⣬޲ҪѪɫʬΣң
Ҳġ
ųһ󱯺ţΪʲô컯ɾ֮У飿Ԫ磬ȴܹ׵˺ѿռ䣿Хų˿٣˫ѪĪǡѪɫǳ̨ػޣ
ţ
̨ػޣ
ԣ޲ɵһۣо塣
ȷ
Ѫɫĳ֣ùų޵ˣȫ޾֮СҪҳһʵɣѪɫĴڣҲֻصĳ̨Ϲˡ
ڳ̨Եǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷˺ѿռ䡣һԪѪɫ͸Ӳ˺ѿռˣ
ζʲô
ζѪɫпƿ컯ɾķ
ѪɫֻԪ磬ȴܹ˺ѿռ䣬϶ӵ컯ɾһַ塣㣬Ѫɫпǹڳ̨ϵػޣ
ӳĬƬ̣ɰͷ
ǣǿɴδ˵̨ʲôػޣҾ˵̫
ңػ޵ľΪδҲ̫ڵͶˣֻԪ磡룬ǹҪػޣس̨ҲɳֻԪѪɫ
ҡҡͷԷ
ʮأ̨컯ɾ׺ɣǰʵǣûػޡȴ޵ˣ
ʣδҲ̫ãˣ
컯ɾعﲩзܣһ壬ҵšһ컯ɾ֮Уǳһ֧ûеǾŹŵԣ
Ѫɫ˵һıƷ֣ڱ֮󣬵õһַ壡ӶܹͶ֮䣬˺ѿռ䣡

ʲôƷ֣
ų˫һƺץסʲô鼱֮˳˼·һʱüͷ壬ü



1062 
￪ιʯ֮ϷҹֵˣһƶЦѡ
̫ʹˣѪɫȻݻ˹ųϵıڹų˵һĴ
ϷͷЦ
Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδ
һƣų֮ǰǺɱΪһǧξϧ׷ɱīǰ꣬һҪǸϾɱνƺܹùųʧһ̫˽ˣ
û
ҹЦŵ˵ͷ룬ڲƴֵľŹŵһҲô׵õġųʧ˽ս൱ʧ˰ɱǧξҪǧٱ
һʱ䣬ֵӶЦף
īҲǶݺݵ³һʮֽ
һߡ
ڹľУűǹо壬Ǻǣû뵽Եɺ֮£Ȼųϵıʱ֮Уǽޣ
ϧҵѪɫûԽһʶ컯ɾӶʱ֮о࣬ͬʱһ֮䣬Ϳ˺ѿռ䣬»ص컯ɾ
ȻĻȫѪɫųϵĽռΪУ
ҡͷһЦЩźһ
ѪɫȻ̳һֵķ壬ǣŲСľԡһ㣬޷ʱ֮УʱΪӻʱصس䡣
ȣ
ΣֹѪɫɱ¾ĻɽʥӶҪɥȪˣ
˵ʱʱ죬޽ųʱ䣬ѪɫһжϣţһۣԪԨƺһ㣬ҲƵת
𣡣
ɱ¾Ѫɫתͷбһ۹ųһˣͺһأԼɱ¾·ûнųϷ
ǵģ
Է֣
ͺһ͵ʩչһԪ糱ӿ۳һģķ֣аߣЯһĿֲѹֱѪɫϯȥ
Է֣һڡڷ֡ɳʩչƳ죬ƺ֮ķԪأԪأȫһγһƥеİԷ֡
ԷָһΣ;ҵתÿһת֮ķԪظϯһգ֮䣬Է־ͼ籩ǣñɸߵ͡
¡¡¡¡
ֲƣϯ죬ԳѪɫҶȥ
ֵһǣѪɫĸвٲֻʶӵʥӣǰԷһУôЩʥӶҲһغ˲ճһ̲ҽ
Ȼʥӵûбֵܸϡ
ء
ѪɫȻһ͵һβŸ߿շӶȥΪ̨ѹʮֲֿԣ޷ֱܰԷֵĺҡ
ȥգ
ųҧгݣкŨŨ
ǧһ֮ʣֻһƿ죬һûɺļʸ͵سŰԷÿһ⣬Яױȵʥ鲻ԽΪ֮Ϣһϡ
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
ȥаâ˲ϢƫУ˰Է֡
ءһԷӦѣգ޾Ļ𺣣ڿϯ֮£˷ɢ
ء
Ѫɫһ٣ʱҳɣವһûһ⣬ԳԶӶݶȥ
ͬʱҹϷֵˣҲ׷һѺᵽɤ۵λá
شɽʥӣųϵĿģѾǴﵽˡǣܷӹųϵ˵׷ɱУ˳ӳ죬׽Ŀꡣ
ţ
ʲôڰ͵Ϯ
Ȼһһɴţۣ˼ضżʸķͬʱ˸Դ߶ȫ衣
ӣлҪö࣡
ų͵ظҧһһԤıİɱ벶ȸںû뵽˵ǾŹŵΪУ
ųû
ãҼֲסˡ
ұ˲ˡ
ųϣǡ
ȫʵǳ̨ʥǣŵøεѣԭҪһϵһ̨ףһȪԸȫա
ивٵʥӣѪɫ׺£Һһӳ̨׹ʥӣǱķ𣬸ɣաʮֱࡣ
ʥӣټᣡ
ųʶ˾ƵϾ͵һ䣬һεĿֲϯֱӽֻӴܵһʥӸ˱ڲ
һЩʥӣϾ˼
ţ޸ұ۵Ĺųϣֱֳӡޣٴһ㣬ն׼ȫɱս



1063 ǹ
ء
ѪɫͺһҲƵسԶӶȥʱ䣬һƬͰĹľϿգͣ
ţƺҵ˿ɽúη壬͵һβת򣬳Źųϡӡ޵һצ޲̷ǰ̻ҡ
ηʥΪҪǾŹŵԣ
־ͳʲôӢۺúҲµЦ
ųڣſ
ˣǰд߶Ԫɢʱ׼ƴ
ǺǣΣ
һЦ̧ͷһ۸߿еѪɫ֪ԼټȥˣʱһΣӵͰĹľ
Хǹͦ˿٣һȻЦضŹųϡӡ޵ˡ

һĻԶϷҹֵ˵УɵһȻ󲨣һǿŹһףкǧսޣϰ¡
⣬Ϊˣ
־һֵȫ˺һռѷ죬УųһȻͨ󣬵Ҫֵʵݣڳ룡
زأڣֵ·񣬿ӣǹųһ˸ˣǺþ˵
ϷһпЩǣЩ
ǰҪҪųϵ˵עӶֵŻ룿
ҹһŵؿī룬ҵֻ֮ݣ
īĬã΢΢ҡҡͷŽ岢³ç嶯֮Ұ䡣
ȷȻƿһִ編ʵʵֿʥǣҪսʤ龳ĸ֣ǰΡ
ңףԵ龳ĸ֣еˣǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӡǷ컯ɾܹǹƥֵܵҲָ
ײһԪСҪһֱ쿪
ƿһִ編ӵԱ֮ԣǱ¶٣Ҳûʲô̫⡣
ţ
Сӣ
һֱֳǹףųϾ͵صɴһţۣޱȾȵضףЩţûϵҰ͵ϮҾŹŵȻǸС
СӣҼǵ֮ǰʥ٣Ҵʹб죬ɱ뽫ܻʩչ֮ı챦ΪС˭룬һֵܣȫغڶ֮У
һΪѾڿռ֮бɱƬһغˡû뵽С֣Ȼ˳
ųɫҧгݵ
쿴ǸһڹǵŽ壡
ٿأɢĴʥӣʶ񣬵һʱͱϳ׵ʵݡ
ʱʮɢĴֻӴܵʥӣ׷ͣ½ŲĿԶ
׵ģʱڲɽʥӣȫһһզп
Ž岻ǶɽʧܣɥȪôôʥˣ
ĪǣŽɹɽˣңӵһ챦磿
̫ˣŽУͲһʡ͵ĵƣøΪս񣬽컯ɾȻȻǹƥ龳ֽа壡
治֪˵ʮĹеһļһһģһţ
һˣϢٵʥӣ׵Ŀ⣬ʮֵĸӡ
ԭڲɽʥӿʥӣ컯ɾǳΪڻңǾһĴҪ컯ɾڳ롣
Ψһϣܹӽ̨ģӵžŹŵǿɽڲɽʥӡ
˭룬ǰһУȫ߸˲ɽһʥӵĹڶʥӵԽУ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ʦ֣˵ʲôСӵű챦磿
û뵽һԪСӣȻǾŹŵа壡
һȵضס
ųһƶص˵ͷλʦܣ֪ȫ׷ɱīĲ֮һƬɽıԵڶɽٵĴӡ˵壬Ǵ˵лĹʮеһŽ壡
ҲͰˣȻŽʮѵãҲֻưԣ컯ɾɽǰֵһᡣ
ǣҾ㵵ǣڶɽٵĹУȻҴʹ˱죡
ųһļ
޷׷׵һٿ׵ǿһֻֻɡ
Ǻǣ˵еŽ壿ңӵһı磿ȫ¶Ǳذ
Ȼӻ˱챦磬ô϶ںһ컯ɾĿռ䣬õһַ塣ΪˣܹͶ֮䣬˺ѿռ䣡
ӡһϼ޻ͽ׵ĵϸһȻǲ֪ѪɫΪҲܹ˺ѿռ䷨򣬵Կ϶ǣѪɫʮа˾ǴŽм̳йġ



1064 ָɽ
޵һͣųüͷչʱһȻ򣬡ѹ֣֮ǰһ÷ǳŹ֣һԪѪɫΪܹ׾ٵ˺ѿռ䣿
һһΪѪɫǳ̨ػޣõ編ˣѪɫδɵëͷСӣ
ѪɫһǴŽм̳һִ編ܹ˺ѿռ䣡
ųҧгݣ׵񣬺ɱˣ޾ĳޣһŽ壬͵Ϯɱ˲ɽüٵʥӣңʧ˱ˣΣҪǧٱĳ
Хųȫ죬ɱֱ
Źųӿ糱İɱ׵ȻһЦһǹ΢΢һ׵£γһ¡
ǣǡ
ͬʱ׵ڣ͵ӿ޾ĽɫѪԨ纣̼ڱǹ֮ϣγ֧ȫ۶ɵ
ţ
ÿֲɱ
ųûɵһ£ٿеıǹо壬ӹһḬ̃Сӣû뵽һƿɶоȻһ
ǺǣãҵıñݻˣڣĽҰɣ
űǹİƣųһĻŭţƷ׵ıǹҪڹųϵı֮ϡ
ǹųܹ׵ıǹ֣ôųҲٶʧıˡ
ʱӹųϵڣϯһ̩ɽѹİѹ޾ɱ糱ƺҪ˺ѵأɱǧ顣
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ܵųڵİɱ⣬ӡֵܵʱȻһȰ裬ǧ嶯ΪĲǽǱı磬ԼŽʡóȻɱô챦Ҳɢ䣬ŽҲᱬ顣һЩòʧ
ֵ֣ܳʩչ֮ӻ׽Ȼ󣬴Źŵ峤ʩչػ֮ӵĻǰ룬̶µӽжᣬһǾŹŵƱؽһ֮ӣӵѷı챦磬Ǳ
ӡ͹ճһͼһĦȭƣѡ
ţ
޳ͷԵĹųϣ΢΢һ޵£˲٣ҧҧڵͷӦãôλʦˣϣܹһٽӸס
ʱǱ챦磬ŽʣһŲҪֻҪеĽΪҵĲ
ųִֵ߬ȭͷ
һΪ
׽һԪСֱֵ
ӡһۣʱͺһԵıٻ˳
¡¡¡¡
ʱ޵ͷϿգһƬյӰֳڤڣһУ̼ͻһ硣
ţ
ųüͷ壬Щڴޡ
˵Ȼ׽ԪΪǣΪƿһֵĴ編ԣ׾ܹ˺ѿռ䡣һҪɱͲⲫĻױռѷ֮УǣΪ龳ĸ֣ǧַ׾ٵؽնɱ
ͨ깥Ǵ߶Ǹַ׭󷨣ؼҪɱһ龳ʿ龳ĸ˵ͺһֻһ׾١
޵Ŀģǻ׽ףѶȣͱȽϸˡ
ʧ˱Ĺųϣûжİգܻס
顭
ڹųľɵĵڣ޵ͷϿգ޾ϯ£ҡػΣ˻յӰ֮УһָɽشӸ߿׹
ÿһɽߣֱʣһֺأϣɣĸоبŴɽ
ȥһɸߵɽͬһֻ޴ޱȵƣ͵شӸ߿׹£ôعѣ̳졣
˻
Ŵɽɢİƣڳһ˵ȣȫεѣһɫٿȻ䡣
ʲôλʦܣȻָɽٻˣ
ųһ󾪺
ͬʱԶϷҹֵˣһҽʧ
ã޵ָɽ
һʩչָɽҪѹҿӵڤݷΪһŽѣû뵽һȻŽʩչָɽ
īȻһԪƺʱҪǰȥԮס
ǰָɽʲôͷ
һīɫ䣬ʱŵСҰף׷ʵ
ָɽöԷΪϣĵرǧ꣬ų͵аָɽҹҪʾѪ࣬ǳаΪˣ޵ıУһƬѪ졣ƽʱѹԱĻʯ˶ԵеʱҲѹˣռ䣡
īһϾؽ͵



1065 
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһΪһѺ
ʲôָɽǱĻʯԷռ䣬ѹˣ
ҹһľʧ룬⣬ָɽȻܹѹ龳ֵı磬طͬ죬ֵĴΣˣ
һ
˫۵ָɽ⣬һѹָɽĽ֮У롣˵ͬȼʿָɽĽǾûĿܵģ
ī뾪
ţ
ָɽĽ󣬾Ȼѹͬȼʿ˵Ҫӳ죬Ƿǳˣ
ҹͷˢˢ䡣
龳ĸ֣ѹ׽Ԫ磬Ҫ˳ѣڳ롣
ٻ˶ʮָɽ۳һҿҷӦʱʩչڤݷʱӳƷĻֻ·һˡ
Ȼ˵Žܹ˺ѿռ䣬ǣһָɽѹܲл˺ѿռ䣬һ⡣ңָɽ̺ŷǳֲķ壬ˣҲ޷ѹ硣һָɽѹ¿ռ̻ᱻʱŽƿصķ壬ܷЧһ
ī˫Ѫ
˻
Ϸҹֵˣȫֱš
ָɽԷռ䣬øԵķռ䣿
ζʲô
ζҪ˺ѿռ䣬ûô׾ˡ
Ϊƿصķ壬컯ɾķ塣ǣָɽһһֿռ䣬ôڴ˿ռڲͲֻ컯ɾķˣ޵ı編
Ҫ˺ѿռ䣬Ҫƿ컯ɾķ򣬻Ҫƿ޵ı編У
ʣ׶Ȼûʵ
ǰǺã
кᣬһģ
ɲ壬˶⣬۷ʲôҪ¶١ھǱȥȡʩչڤٷ޵оȳŽ
īһҧ

ͷǰౣأ
ಣ
ֻһ΢ƿīһΣΪһƾʧ١
Ϸҹֵˣһ˫ֺʮš
¡¡
һըװıһɸ߷ŵѪɫæһԡ
ɽʲôͷƺ̺һֶصķ壬˴Ħ͸Īǣ뽫ѹɽ֮£
üͷһȴûһ˿һĻңӣұ㾡ȫֵܳԿˣ
ͺһ͵ش߶Ľɫ

ʱ׵ıڲ͵ӿһ󺣣ӿ糱һ֣ͺƽӻ뺣һ㣬ӿ׵ıǹ֮С
˵ԴҽԪ֮󣬻ûʩչ
һΣҾȼڶ֮һľѪ޼ʶһҵ
΢΢˫Ϊ
ڰ벽Ԫ׶ΣΪһɱСҪȼڵһ־Ѫûͷ񣬽д
ƾڰ벽Ԫ磬ܹɱʥ߼Ĵڡ
׳ΪʥڵľѪ磬ʵɱ䣬ʵҲһɳ죬ͬն
⣬ײȼھѪԴ߶ڲĽɫû
Կ϶ǣףֻҪʩչôһͬ죬Բǰ벽ԪܹᲢ۵ġ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʱ޸׻ʱ䣬ӶָɽЯ޾İƣŵѪɫϵزֻӴܡ
ÿһָɽ֮ߣһ·Ӵܣʮּࡣ
Ȼ˵Ѫɫܹ˺ѿռ䣬ǣжָɽ˵ȴûжЧϾ׻Ѫɫܹ˺ѳĿռѷ죬ҲͰҪָɽУ쿪
Ŀռѷ죬ָɽɵƻֵһᡣ
һʱ䣬ʮָɽ½ԲǧĿռ䣬ȫѹһ㵭䣬һԳܵķ壬
ͻıʣö￪Ϸҹֵˣ͵Ȼһɫò԰ֽ
ˣǺҲָɽĽˣ
ʧ
ȻʮָɽͬʱѹҪ֪Ϊ׷ɱīǰֵܣҲֻ߶˶ʮָɽûϵΪܻ֣ȻѪ
ҹкâŽ
ͬʱȫ׷Ӷȥī룬͵һ٣ͣ˽Ų¶һĨɬ֮⣬⣬û뵽һ·Ϊ˶ܲϴָɽȻûܼʱϵŽߣڣûܾȳŽ壬ɲˣҲѹָɽĽˣ
īһ֮顣



1066 ӡ
ɹˣ
Ž壬ƿŴķ壬˫۵ָɽҲѷɣգԹ־ܣ
һЦ
ƽʱֻٻʮָɽܹ׽龳ĸ֡
ΪԷһֱٻʮָɽȫΪ˱еָɽٻ˳
ʮָɽѹ֮£ֻԪףҪӳ죬Ȼǳ룡
ųϸЦ޴룬̶֮еףһζЦ⡣
ţ
ٻָɽƺЩŹ֣
ܵռеѹΪܣƱһǧɽ壬ٲά裬Щˣָɽƺ̺һķ壬ֱӽⷽԲǧĿռȫˣ
ɫǺ죬١
һΣѡڹųһǰ¶ΣȷЩ⣬ˣ
׵Уûһ˿һĻ⣡
Ӻɷݺ֮䣬һѣηηβһζãڹʲô
ѪжҪأɱϣ
һΣѡɱ˲ɽһʥӣùųұ۾ϣʧ˱˵Ǹֵܣī룬ݺݵسһڶ
ʼգ׶ûһĺڣ
Сӣĩյˣ
ʦǣٴ߶ʮ飬ӡ״ѹ
ʹģųĻŭţʱЩȲشߴ
ã
һЦĬдʡ
¡¡¡¡
һ̣˾㵵һĻˡʮɾ޷壬صٻ֮£ҲƵ޾ԪϵشָɽڲϯҡػΣ˻
ţһɻӰʮָɽڲϯȻһֻֻɫƣɷԲӡ͵ش۳һֻյĽɫơ
ֻɫƣ̺ʮָɽ飬죬һֹϡԵصĸоƺһ£ضҪΪ֮ӡǧǧ綼ҪΪ֮
ãָɽӡ
ָɽеī룬ٲά裬Ȼѱһ߿еĽɫƣʱ
ӡһַǳǿĽ̺֮żΪֲķ壬һӡѹôܹ˲ʮָɽĻͻԶرѹɽ£á
ûϵޣΪѹףȻϧʩչӡ
ңʮָɽ飬۶ɵӡ
ڣ
ƣ
ŴĿֲѹȸУȫ͹ɫǺ죬ƺڿֲѹ֮£̾ҪѪֹѡ
ػԵѪɫǱʩչʯȻһȫá
ǧһ֮ʣ͵ɿеĹң
ֻһ޾Ѫûɵļʸ͵Գټӡϯȥ
ಣಣಣಣ
֧ʸһңͻûһ⣬ƺҪ˺ѳգ䴩Ǭ
һëͷСӣµͷȻͼ翹
ںʮӡ׾پܹѹ龳֣ԸһδɵСӣֱֵ
޲ɵĮһЦ׵ļʸȫмһˡ
龳ĸ֣ȫ߶ǹ޻࿴һۣһԪСӣȫ߶޷вӡ
ͬʱӡѹ֮£飬ˣϯҡΣƷˣֺƷ«έʱͷһغ
Ȼ׵֮Уȴ˸һĨ⣬ᶨ
󻯼һ죡
ڣ͵ʱ߿⣬˲ñͷ
𡭡
໡
ড
ˡ
ֻһʯֱ޺׻ȸĴ޵Ļƾճڸ߿Уһצһĸо
ȥ׻ȸ䣬ÿһԡɫâ׳ЯһɱصĿֲƣԳӡ˶ȥ
顭
˾ǣͷ޻֮ռһѣһռƽĺжһʯӡ
ţ
ʲôȻһܹûͷ޻󣿡
ų͵صɴţۡ
ҲĿ࣬һϢΪ֮һϣʲôͷ޻󣬾ȻͶ֮䣬ÿռγһռ
Īǣͷ޻ҲƿŴķ壿
Բܡ
һɫٿȻ䡣



1067 
Ǻǣ̺ڽ߳ɵѪ֮УȻҲõ˷һ˿СȻ޷˺ѿռ䣬һûɵͷ޻ÿһͷ޻󣬶һַ壡
ҵҪӡ̺ķʤһƿصĴ編ʤһ
΢΢˫ҧ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲䣬ͷ޻󣬾ӡݺݵسײһƻײһҡΣڿֲķײУޱ޼ʵ컯ɾҪױ
顭
ͷ޻Яױȵɱ⣬編򣬷ҲƵӡײһȥֻ˳ϯײĺĵشһټĺڶƾ۶ɣ
޾˷ϯڳһ˵ȣȫһ׷׶
ţûпɣֵӡײ֮󣬾Ȼֱӱһֿռ䣿
Զķ֣һĿࡣ
ҲġҹҲһп
ļֵܣɫͣǿһĩѡ
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱʮָɽҲƵһɽѰı޾ɽʯϵشָɽϷ̳
ڣԼĪһʱ䣬ʩչɢΪһƹ̣ʧ١
ӡҲ˲Сˣʮ۶ɵӡһںڶ˺֮£ֻʣµһ㡣
ʲô
δɵСӣȻƾһͶ˿ռ䣬ӡ𣿡
ųϺݺݵصһ׵ǿһ˲˼顣
ۡ
ޣſһѪһһΣ¸ͣƺʱӸ߿׹·еһҶ
λʦܣô
ųϻæǰѯʡ
ޣ
³һѪˮҧ֧ͦٿ׵񣬳޾ɱ⣬Сӣû뵽Ȼӵͨı£֮ǰСˣȻǺķǧѪɵӡν죡
㷸ǧǧ磬ûܹȵ㣡
Ȼ㾴ƲԳԷƣôͱʹɱˣ
ɱڣҧгݵضס
Ȼӡش֮޶׼ŭˣҪɱ֮죡
λʦܣҪɱô
ų΢΢һЩ˵ǽŽɱˣôΣеĽҪУһ㣬ɸģ
֮ǰ˵ˣеıǹΪųϵսƷ
׵ı磬ǳΪ޵սƷ
ӱ׼ɱ⣬޲ý̻ҡôһһغŽʣǱ챦磬޷ͨᡢػ꣬ھΪˡ
ʱ򣬿±ǹΪҪսƷ
룡
һмطһۣƺԹųϵоΪ
Ҳǡ
޵ӡشʱ̣ųϻһĵսƷʵЩ顣
ӡָԭΣ
һ´һ
ಣ
ʱֻһƿ죬ӡʱѳʮȷݣʮָɽ֮СԭΡΰָɽ̼âҡҡλΣƺʱ̮飬ΪƬ
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱʮָɽشټĺڶڿռ޸֮£ʧ˵֮УȻʮָɽȴȻһ̲ͣҡţԭĿռ䣬Ҳи˲١
ûᣬڣ
ȫµѹ˲併һΣײɵһЦʱȫ߶ڵ󺣣˷ϯȥ
ɣʶһʲôķ壡
ı編򣬲ֻһСأĴ編ֵһᣡ
Цض޵ˡ

ֻ䣬죬ɫ󺣣˲佫һָɽûԭֱɾ޷壬Ưеһ죬ֻ¶ɽں֮ϡ
ţ
СӣҪʲô
ȻһæͺһȫٻָɽҪ콫ָɽջر硣ʩչľشָɽ
˵ӡܵشѾøԱƷ½һΣǧԻָԪ
ٳֲأ롣
죬񣡡
ȫٻָɽͬһʱ䣬ըף͵رȳ˶Ĥһʹ



1068 ҧ
δ䣬͵һӿȣԭʮָɽĿռ䣬ʱҵˡһ˲䣬ȫ˹
顭
ԭҲûʲôǣ˿̵Ŀռ䣬ȫʮָɽѹţ޵ķ壬ŷԲǧĿռ䣬ռ䳹׽
ǣ׵ķ֮£ԭĴ編˲䱬̼䣬һɿֲķ籩ϯ죬˲ָɽ
¡
¡¡¡¡
νһʯǧˣԭķ壬ͨڱ״̬Ǳ޵ı編ˣҲκεķá
ǣԼƿصһַ壬Ϊն˹ôķͳչ˳
ڴķǰ޵ı編壬ȻһεĴڣһ춯أʯıУһɾ޷͵Ϊ֮˿һʱ䣬ɳʯ׷ɣʯ䣬ʮ𺳣춯ء
ãķ壬Ȼ˹񣬿쳷ָɽķ
ǧһ֮ʣӾͼΣϧΪʱ
ǧ֮һָһ˲䣬ʮָɽͺش˲Ϊ֮飬ըƬ
ء
ˣƷһ㣬ʮָɽѵһ˲䣬ǰһڣ͵شӸ߿һͷ£ƶ˻ǣǡ
ʦܣ
ųȻһǰ޸һͳһƿ鵤ҩֱιˡ
ʯ׷ɣˣϯ̳˫޹⣬ãȻ
ûϵһԪëͷСӣȻܹƳʮָɽѹûǫ́Ͽɵޣݺݵһͷ
ʮָɽڷУͳͳ飬ûһָɽ
ʣ˵һױȵش
˵ûʮָɽ޵ıƷʣһǧɣһЩʥʿҲͰ
һЩ龳ĸֱ͸ֵһˣ
޲ʧȥָɽطңƷʣҲͬն޵Ĵνǳ
пܣ޷Ѿķǧ꣬Ҳδָܹ۷״̬
һУȫ׵Ľ
ҧ˲
쿴ţֺ˷񣬽ʮָɽȫˣ
ʶڵһʱϲ
ǿϲɺأûϵ־Ȼӵ˿ֲı£龳ĸ֣ǵûһغң˳龳ʿȫһƿ
ҹһĻŭš
ʮָɽȫѣҹϷֵˣҲ½ָж
һߡ
һֱйעսī룬ضǰһĻһֱɤ۵λãδ¡䶨֮īĬãһ仰û˵ΨвϲӣԿļȡ
һŽ壡ûпۣ
ڣȵһƽϢī͵һĴȣ˫֮Уһ˿Ứ
ޣ˵īѺ޵޲ýǧУʮ˲
Ϊһǧξ׷ɱī꣬ǴУīҹһߣıԵ
˵ûйһİӡ
Ȼ˵īǳƺǣʵΪ磬īҪϣʮã
׻˵Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδ
īûϵǣԪףȻīݺݵسһڶ
ǹųϣޣ׵Уشһƿ
ųϣΪףʧ˱ӽʵһǧɣ
ޣʮָɽȫ飬Ʒ˲׹ȵף˵ʵӰǳԶ˵ʮָɽ֮޵ʵҪס̨ڲʶӣǳѡ
пܣʿǰʵǳ̨޵ʶӣӳ̨мߣ̶޵ж
ʱʧȥ˳̨ϿɵޣھŹŵеݵλҲһкǧֵһᣡ
˺⣬ѪҪú죬Ļŭţ
̫ˣ
ʮָɽ׼ػһȭͷϲЦտ΢΢תͷԶ֮еޣһƣмһڡ
֮ǰޣ׷ϣҪҪɱڿҪռ׵ǣǿռ׵ı챦磬Ҫ׵෨ȫϴһա
ޣȫɥȮǵûܻףشһͷǱģ
Ѫɫߣ
״һӣʩչӡԶһ·Ӷȥ
Ȼùųϡ龳֣ȫһӻңһƿǣĿǰʵҪսʤ֮ڳ룡
ңʩչ֮ڵѪֻʣ²ɣսԣʮΪϼΪ
һ磬һ·Ϳշӣ
νɽڲûգгһһɳ죬ҪƽŹŵǺŽ𣡡
׺졣



1069 ܼȮ
ಣಣ
ʱ䣬׾ͷ￪⡣
Ž壡
ٿأһڤϯ죬׵ǰ
Ϥײɵɫһϲʱͣ˽Ų
ವһīһΣָ״̬׵־ϲЩСӣҹûп㣬һΣǳһڶ
кī룬ײʧЦЩľګͷ
ûϵīȻҲжʱ̣
ԭΪǧĹУīģѾñޱȣһֵܵĳϦദУīƺҵ˵ֵܲ紳ʱĺ׳ʿϲŭ֣˼ů
֣
֣
ٿأϷҹֵˣҲΪһ⣬Է׵ǰһһ׸Χ£
ֱ֣鸽壬·Ȼǹƥ龳֣ңܹռϷ磡ţ
ֵһһܱ
֣ҶͶأûſԵȴܸ⾪ϲġ
ҹҡͷԣƺȻһзЩ̫ʵ
ɢڸĲɽʥӣһսս˵ˣų龳֣Ҳشһͷǰģ
׵˻ĳγǿҵķ
۹
ƺϷˬʲЦ˹ų޵ĶУԭһɥޣ͵̧ͷޱ׶ضһˣڰõɱʱڶϯ죡
ɱһ
þŹŵĺĳϣǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣǱһëͷСӸˣһȥ´ӽǶ̧ͷˡ
ްһŽʬ͵һ߶ŸԵıŭһԳһ˵ķɱ
ų΢΢Ҳǽ󣬾Գ׵ķϯ
ݣݣݣݣݣݣݣ
һʱ䣬ǵصĽâҲƵػ糱飬գ˲佫һ˸УƺҪһӽ׵˸û
ãеϮ
־
ৡ
ʱϷҹһˣȫȻһһŵɱ龳֡
Ǻǣһ
һƣһڣţһӣһʮɳĿռѷ죬ƾճǰ
ţһӣһεʱϯ
Ϸ֡ҹīһˣʱϬһεһ˸׵ıС
ءѪɫҲͺһΪһѪ⣬׵ıС
ڣܼȮ
һЦһӣ˿ռѷ֮С
˻
һĻųһ˵Уƽĺӽһʯһʯǧˡ
ţûпɣǸС֣ȻѰ̼˿ռ֮У
ųһզп벻Ž嵹ҲǸӲ֪ٸ翹Ҳֻ·һԣ类ռɱɲƬҲǱѩ޵Ļᣡ
ֻǿϧŽеһԭҵսƷ
ųһض㡣
׻úúõʱ򣬹ųϺ޲ɥȪһغȻסˣųЩźˡ
СӾû
ӵ
ʲô
Žû
ų΢΢һɵܣռԽȶռԽǿֲںĵشһռѷ죬龳֣ҪһغСӣֻԪ磬Ϊܹ
Ϊû˳ɱףһͷɥڹųϵʣƺûȤش
Ƭ̺󣬹ų˼׷ɣͨĪǣƿصһִķ壬ܹȻĶռѷ죬ܽɱ
û뵽龳֣ȻһԪСӸŪһѣӰûţ
ųҧгݣ޵ֱš
ʦ֣δ㣿
̧ͷųϡ
£ʹʧʮָɽƷһǧɣʮֵ䣬Ȼûʲô˼ųһ˻ˡ
λʦܣûбİ취ҵŽ壬һ򾡣
ųϴ˴˫֣أЩġ
ҵŽ壬ɱ
һЦŽȻ˿ռ֮УǸͬһλ棬ǣƿŴķ壬ܹŽһͶ֮䣬˺ѿռ䣬һǾһĻץסŽ壬Ļǳ˵Σ
ռʮңŽ壬ѾڿռƯǧ￪ˡҺô壬ʮһͻᱻʱգ뿪컯ɾĻҪڿռвϵƯˡ
һп˵ⱲӣδܹټŽˣǵĳҲٱˣ



1070 ǳ
ųϲɵһɥ
û뵽׾ô赭дˣӽ󣬹ųҪҵףڰΡùųΪƣںһӵĿˮû߿ࡣ
û뵽һӢȴһδɵСһ̣
ųϸҧ͵߬ȭͷ
һۣҲɥĬ
Ƭ֮󣬹ų΢ƽһ̧ͷλʦܣȻŽѾ˿ռ֮УôҲˡ
̽ɽʥٻʵǳ̨֮Ǳ㼴̴ظȻص˾ŹŵҲø峤һĻ峤׷ʵƱؽ޴棬Ϊ컯ɾһЦ
ųϽ
һۣΪȻص˵ͷ
˵ףһιųϵ˴еĿģǸɽʥӻһʥʵǳ̨ӶռȪ
ڹų˵ԭֻһǳɵ
û뵽ôһϡƽڰ;УȻӶسֲۣڣų龳֣ȫش
飬ųϡˣȻױȵشǣ˶Ը͸¶ȥ֪Źŵ峤
ԭһų龳֣һԪëͷСӸ飬ڿഫôӽ󣬹ųϡ龳֣ΪŹŵ컯ɾЦ
Ԫʿ˵ʱӱҪҪ
ǹųϡӡˣھŹŵо󣬵λ͸Ӱϧ档
˵ˣþŹŵĸ߲֪ųϡ޵£Ҳ龳СＸ֣ʱǷҪˣһδ֪
ԣųӡˣϬһͨҪ֣ͳһ˸Ե뷨
ȻˣΪ˷ֹ峤׷ʣųӡޣҪľɱְһҲöԾŹŵĸ߲һ
ڹųʧıʮָɽΪĵ׵ܣ÷档
ųϣҵ˶ӣʱﲻɽʥǣǲ©˷ʹ²ˣ
ٿأһ⣬΢΢˫һɷضɢڸʥӡ
ƺҪɱˡ
ţ
ĹųȻһæظλʦܣǾܷģǹϽɽĸˣЩʥȫҵƿ֮Уûлɢҥԣǡ˵ˣǸǵӣҲδظ˵
ųһƶһʱ³ç嶯ɽʥɱ⡣
ʱ򣬲ھŹŵ߲ǰýųϽɽĸˣҲҪܵ
ԲǹųҪġ
ųϣҾһΣϣ㲻ҪʲôءĻֵ֮䣬ްͬԣ
ӳвųϵ񣬺ε
˵һǸųһ˳䵱ҲܶˣԵıƷʣ˲½һΡ
ųڨڨһЦпɬ
һΣųרҵޣ£˫Ĺϵ˭룬˫֮ĹϵǵûиһüΪӡ
һΣɽʥ˲٣ˡ
ųҡҡͷһӣֱӽоδʥӣȫٻ˳
ಡ
һʱ䣬Ӱƾմӱϯڹųϵǰ
λ
ųɫըףϮѾڣǿʵǳ̨ˡ
ȫһ
һ֮ҴʥӣһδȻûʲôʵǳ̨ˡ
һ˵ӵʥӣ޲ƲЦһųϣҿ㻹Ǳ˷ˡСһһȺҷֵþࡣ룬ҴʥӣҲûмܹ˳ϵһ̨ס
ų΢΢һɢһžʧ֮ɨҧҧڰ̾һͷӦ
á
ųһӣһεֱϯҴʥٶȾ˱УȻѾɥʧʵǳ̨ģôҲ˷ʱˡ
һεЩҷ
ų΢΢һƣͺһֱһӣϰӰӱٻ˳
ȣ
ֵʵǳ̨ô
һϰԪʿڹųӡ޵˵ǰ
ֵһǣϰʿһܷȫԪʥߡ
֮ǰŹŵʹϰٵȪɽʥԪ磬˰ͬʱɽٵۡ
һٶԪʿҲΪʵǳ̨



1071 һ
λǶˣ
һųųѹɤüͷ壬һʵǳ̨ǾŹŵڲɽһЯ࣬Ҳһο顣
ųĿ⣬һʿתҪǲóһЩұŹŵĸ߲Ŀ࿴ôҪõЯ࣬ͱȽˡ
Ҫһʵǳ̨ԲΪԼΪ˲ɽǰ;
ųϣҴʮֵľ


һٶԪʿһػȭͷ־ɳǡ
һЩʵǳ̨ʥӣһشͷҿųϵ۾
̤Ԫʥߣϵһ̨ףĻ飡
ųϵɳɤֱȻˣ˭ҪǱֵøɫܹһϵڶ㣬̨ףôһŹŵЯ࣬һ
ųϾһߣһ棬һô
ʱһٶʥߣһɫϾһ׼ƴʵǳ̨
һΣһ̨׶ûʵȥôʧܵĴۣɹųϻؽնɱ
ܹϸߵ̨ףôųҲͣ
ÿһʥߣʶʵǳ̨Ҫԣ

ڣųϴһӣϰڲɽʥߣͬҰһ㣬Ъ˹˻һһ㣬Գų̨ķɱȥ
һ־ɳǣƴ˼Ѫʥߣ޲ɰͷųϵҲһ˿ء
Ȼųƾܹ׵һʥߵļ飬ʮֲ򵥡
ѹ־Źŵĸ߲㣬ޱȿعųϣùųΪɽĸˣⲢûеġ
ͬʱڿռУ磬һεķˮһ㣬ȫȻûаˡ
׵ıڲ
һƬޱߵ󺣣䣬ŨѪ˱Ƕ˰ǵϷҹ֡īһˣһ޷ɽ䣬һ۷׷ס
Ƕû
ֱȻֽţ޵ָɽȻʩչķ£ӦѡһΣһСĴˣ
ֵ˵ʮָɽˣһָɽԺ顣ƿһִ編򣬶޺ɲɣȻָɽռ䣬Լı編ڽ֣һøʹˮĻᣡ
ҹһһʮطš
˷׷׵ͷ
ףܹ֮ʮָɽȫǻԵɺϡǿнһֿռ䣬ñ編ѹ編Ҳûлᷴ
ǺǣŽһα֣Ǻݺݳһڶ
īЦ
ǰڿռѷ֮УǾŹŵ᲻ҵǣ
ͳһˮѣԵ̵ġ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽īϡ
λģǲɽļһ˲һëīҡͷһЦϾǲ𾳸֣Ҫڳ̨Ե˺ѳһռѷ죬ǳ룬οųϵֻ龳硣
˵ˣ챦ĳ֣νѷ꣬ǹųһˣڱ챦ͨҲֻţ֪֪ס
Ҳ£ǶΪǽ˿ռ֮󣬽ῪʼһʱУԲµŽ컯ɾһʶ׾ٵ䡣
īһƶ
ԣ˾һЩ̤ʵ
£˵ĵģǹųһ˺ѿռ䣬׷ɱǵĹųһã˺ѿռ䣬ص컯ɾһܹ˳Χˡ
ಣ
ٿأһϮ۵ףƾճǰ
֡
֡
˷׷һ˷ܵףôˣ
еĵ֮ɫҡͷһЦģǹųϵˣѾ˶ǵ׷ɱֻΪǱ˿ռУ֪ˡ
׵Ľͣųһ׷
ڻܹص컯ɾΪǹų첻ɽľӣȫʵǳ̨Ҫ˶ãʵǽ󣬾ͻظ뿪
׵
ţ
û뵽ǹų龳֣ȻûзϷζһЦо壬֣Ҫ˺ѳһռѷ죬ڲɽʵǳ̨ĽҪͷٸһشӽ󣬳̨׳ΪеجΡ
һεҡҡͷѾΪ֮Ҫ͵ϮѡңһҲ¶٣ùųһ֪ܹ컯ɾʱǵĴΣˡ
ϷéٿȻص˵ͷ



1072 ̨ϲϼ
Ž壬һս˴Ѫʱȣ㻹ǸϽָʵȾŹŵ뿪Ǳص컯ɾʱͿȫʵǳ̨ˡϣܹһٵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
ī
һص˵ͷãôڿʼұȫչ˵ţһӻͳһƿȪһƣҿŴȪ֣ҲҪķ̫ʱ䣬ָܹ۷״̬˵ܹٳ߸ͷһͻʥ죡
˻
ϷҹˣȫϢһϣһĽʺޡҲ׷ϥʼץʱ䣬ȫ
ѾӵʥľΪ
ӵʥľΪ
Ϸҹˣǳʥ߾磬һ쾳Ϊ
һ̤ʥ죬ôֵ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ
ಣ
һΣһԾ֮Уʧ١
߿У֪ʱһѪɫצ߮Ƭ̣͵ظ£һ޴ѪɫУһѪɫӣҵͨͨһѪܵƬ󺣶Ϊ֮ӿ
ÿһ޾ѪѪɫڲνס
ѪɫȻİ壬ǣķʽһһţͽһѪڣ𺳡
ׯƸԸпһ
ܿ죬ֻأʱȥˡ
ɽһٶʥߣʵǳ̨ҲЧʥû˳ϵһ̨ףŭĹųϸһɱ֮⣬ʥߣ´򻬣ӳ̨ˤֲĿռѹ˲ѹͷ­һغ
ʥߣȫ˳˵һ̨ס
ڵһ̨֮ڣѹ٣ʵǳ̨ʥ˵Ҳһѵõĵ״̬ϢĻᡣ
֮󣬸Ͽս
˳ϵһ̨׵ʥߣҪʵǵڶ̨ףʣѶȽ˲ΣϵҲֱǡ
ڣϵһ̨׵ʥߣ˳˹ųϵ񣬵õһȪʵǵڶ̨׵ĹУʧܣҲųϵĶ֡
λʼʵǵڶ̨ף
ųһ¡
ʱڵһ̨ϵʥߣһֽŲãҲƵسŵڶ̨ʵǶȥ
ǺǣﲻɽСһûʧţһռȪҲٵΣǶ峤һ
ųϸЦ
˫ֱأһԣȴЩΪȻ
գܿȥˣʥߣȫʵǧףڶ̨ףѾûжԶľˡ
һ츳ڵʥߣѾ˳˵ڶ̨ףõ˵ڶȪ˷ܵسŹųϻʾ⡣
˭룬ʱ䶸
¡¡¡¡¡¡
ʮɷԲĳ̨Ȼҵ޾ıҡػΣХֲ֮ӿĩա
顭
ͻıʣʵǳ̨ʥ⧲һҺһӳ̨ˤԽѣѪģ
̼䣬жʮʥ߲ұУɥȪ
ʥߣˤýǶѣƤⷭת˳
ą̃ƺҪ̮ˣ
ųϣǡ
ҿҪֲסˡ
һʱ䣬ɽʥǣһǺεѣͻıŵûɢ
˭ܹ뵽ʵǳ̨ĹУ
ʲǫ̂Ȼˣ
ѵ˳˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨һöʶӣ
ųüͷ壬ٿȻɫ䡣
ԵޣҲɫ䣬һɴţۣɫŵضų̨һﲻ
ֳ棬ųϵ˲ǵһμʵϣÿһ˳ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӵʱʮɵĳ̨Ϊ֮콵߲ʱ⣬ɺඥʺ졣
񣬳̨Ҷ磬һ˳˳̨Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
̨еʶӣѾԱˣ񣬾Ȼ˻˳̨Ͽɣ
֪ǺηʥȻһΪµ֮ӣ
ޣȫɫţͷ৶䡣
˵ޣȫǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣԵʶӣҲ˳̨֮Сǣڲ֮ǰ˵ıƷʣһǧɣԵʵҲ׹ȵס
˻˳̨Ͽɣһʶӣôпܱ̭ˣеһԱ



1073 Դඥ
Ҫڳ̨һʶӣΪΡһΣʥ£ϵھŲ̨ףлǫ́ϿɣڽеľŸеõһҵڳ̨ĵھŲ̨һʶӡ
ΪھŲ̨Уֻܹɾſʶӣԣ쳣üңܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһʥ۷徳磬ӵ󼰵츳Ѫ
Ͼ컯ɾ֮У飬ܹϵھŲ̨׵飬ǷǳģҪӱǫ́ϿɣڰȻ
֮£ھʮŲ̨׵ľҪһЩҲͬ쳣òпᡣ
ҪڵھʮŲ̨һʶӣҪ˳ϵھʮŲ̨ףңӵŲ𾳽µΪ
ΪʮŲ̨УܹɾʮſʶӣԣҪö࣬ͨ˵𾳽ܹһڳ̨һʶӡ
ڣһЩ龳ʿᡣ
ֵܣ˳һ
Ȼ˵ľΪȻɹ˳̨ϿɣǣھʮŸλУǵ׵ġ
ԣһϵھʮŲ̨ףһ˳̨Ͽɣô޾ͺпܱһ
˵һجΣ
񣬳̨ζ˻˳̨Ͽɣôһ˱һȫֽţһ亹
Ͼ޵ıƷʣȫһǧɣױ
ţ
ʲô飬Ϊγ̨ʼˣ
ͬʱͨ컯ɾеһʶ̽˳̨쳣ʱɫ䣬ӱչ״̬ѹ
ಣ
׵ıУһīӰƾճī˵ǰ
λѣˣ
׵ͺһ
ৡ
ʱī롢Ϸҹˣȫ˫һŹֵضס
̨Ե޹ʵؿʼˣʵǳ̨Ĳɽʥߣ׷׹ųޣҲɫţһԤУƺ̨Ҫˣ
һϾ
Ϸҹֵˣ׷׾һɫǺ졣
̨õɵΨһ;ǳ˲أ롣
Ž壬ţƺ˳ػ˳̨Ͽɣ׼ڳ̨һʶӣ
ī΢һʱжϡ
ʲô˻˳̨Ͽɣ
û뵽ôĶ
Ϸҹֵˣȫˢˢؿī롣
ڳ̨״һʮֺ棬ϧ̨ܹ״ģֻһˡ
Ž壬㽫ľͶӰķʽָǿ
īһ
׵ͷӦһͽԺеľԭԭͶӰһϴ֮Сʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶգ侳
¡¡¡¡
ڣ̨һĶֹ֮ͣ˲ȥʮɵĳ̨ȫ޾ı֮Уһɫʺڶڳ̨ϿգԣĿ
ȫĦ
֪Ǻηʥܹһڳ̨һʶӣ
ī߬ȭͷΪڴ

ƹӱ죬һϯ쳹컯ɾ̼䣬ϵʿȫ𣬽ĿͶ˳̨ķ
ŹŵʥȪȣ죬򶴿ߣǺ컯ɾĵشߴĸ߲㣬Ҳ׷һɢΪضų̨䡣
һ̣Ŀ⣬ȫͶ˳̨˵Ϊ֮𾪡
еסϷҹˣҲܵһֺƴͳеζһɫϾƽһͷݵ
ಣ
ڣɫʺӳ£һȭͷСʶӣɢĿı⣬ڶȻֻȭͷСڴʱ˿̣ȴ޾⣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫסˡ
ÿһ˵ĺȫΪ֮ͣͣضöʶӡ
ڣĿ֮£ʶӷ˳̨ۣ֮ţ޾Ȫ۳𣬷Ͼ죬ԽȭͷСʶӸԡС
ʶܵԴඥɿתƺõһƵõɵĻԵȪĲϴˢ֮£ȭͷСʶӣ𽥱þ͸ԲϾˮһ㣬ɢһĹ
ԴඥӽھܹһԴϣޱɣõҲˮ¾л
īһпꡣ
ס񡢷ֵˣȫôˣīһͣȫһп
ţ˾̾һĻˡ
ȭͷСˮʶڲȻ𽥸ֳһӰңӰɫʺ£ӳһϴ֮ϣ·һ㣬羴



1074 ǿŮ
ʱ컯ɾĿ⣬ȫ۽ϵӰ֮ϣһ羴۷׷ס
ֵһǣϵӰһŮٻӰһֲ£ģѩ޳һ㾫µС΢΢һ̶ˮ˫֮УĿִֶǿէһۣܹܵһѱҰԡ
ϸۿԷ֣Ůıһ԰ɫһŮЩƣ֮£ҪСࡣ
ţ
Ůƺûм
ų϶ȥɵüͷһ壬֪Ǻηʥڵڼ̨һöʶӣ֮ϵٻӰųϸеʱأЩ׼
Ů˫пǾһ壡
Ŀ棬жϵŮΪǾѾõĸ֣ҲϲǡǴŮһ̳ʵǵǵھŲ̨ף
δ䣬ӵʱɫ滺˰
ǫ́ϿɵŮǵھŲ̨еһô޾ͲõĻᱻˡ
ͬʱʱڲ׵ı챦С
ɫӿһϴ֮ϣͬʱӳ׵һʶ̽鵽ľ󡣵һŴֲ£Ůһ˵ʱȫһһľ㵡
ΪŴֲµŮһȫǸйһ֮ԵĹˡ
ţȻǾİѻܿܿ
ʧһ˫ӵɵúһСţѻֶܿܿԾѷָ£ԼҪһʵǳ̨˭ܹһǫ́Ͽɣû뵽ѻܿܿôͳɹˣ
ѻܿܿ츳Ѫͬʿ֮Уǳ͵Ĵڡ֮ǰֶԾʱ򣬾ӵʥ߾ľΪõ˶ͣʼչǱޣغܿͶɹ٣̤ʥ硣
԰ѻܿܿǧѷ츳һ̤ʥ磬صϵھŲ̨ף׾ٵ顣ڣһʶӣǫ́ϿɣҲûпܣ
ҹͷͨܿɵط
Ȼǰѻܿܿ
һĿ࣬ȭͷ鲻Խ߬Լȱ˭ڳ̨һʶӣӮˣ
׵֮ϣӹһ˿Ϊʵ
ˣͲƽ
˼ϸƺ׵ɫʱȰοǰѻܿܿΪ͸ߣֻһܹʥ磬˵ˣǾĺĵӣܵ࣬ʵǳ̨ҲԵΧռ䣬ʱضܹʵǡǣѰһȶʵǵ㣬Ҫɽˮǧ࣡
Լǡ
ΪȻص˵ͷһ·շת棬Ϊҵһȶʵǵ㣬ϧòҵˣȴ˸ȵˡ֮£ǰѻܿܿԵΧռʵǣֱ̫ˡϴҲлΧռʵǣ͵ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽˣ
׵ʵǳġ
˵׵ʵͬȽ׵ʿУҪҳһ俹⣬ڵ֮ѡң׵ľΪԽߣõطҲԽࡣ
һͬʿҪ׿ĻᣬͻԽԽã
֮ǰѻܿܿԾʱ򣬲һ벽Ԫʥӣ̶̵ʱڣ׾ͳΪʥʥ
Ӳ˼ǣ׻һı磬˵ʵһɳ죬ʵɱ䡣ʥʿǰҲδǶ֡
Ȼ˵ѻܿܿʮа˾Ѿʥ磬ң˳̨ϿɣΪµ֮ӡǣðѻܿܿһζԾܹʤ
ѻܿܿѾ˳һ֮ӣڳ̨һʶӣҲ˿ıԼ⡣
Ǻǣ֪˭ʶӣᱻѻܿܿ
ī΢΢һڴض֮ϵľ
ಡ
ڣ֮ٻӰڳһӵʱɢͬʱڳ̨֮۵ʶӣ͵£·ȥ
̨Եȫעˣɵ߬ȭͷᵽɤ۵λá
Ө͸ʶӣ䣬˰ٲ̨ף߰ٲ̨ףٲ̨ףٲ̨ס˳̨ĵײͬʱҲΪؼʱ̡
ٲ̨ףһʮ̨ס
˺٣ӿ죡
һٶʮ̨ףһ̨ס
ȫΪ֮ͣͣͷˢˢ䡣
ಣ
أӨ͸ʶӣӹ˵ھʮŲ̨ף£ŵھŲ̨ȥ

Ǹովһľ˫͵һ̱ڵأҲԸ⶯ֺ
Ȼȥ֮󣬱ҪչȡƷʣһΣһڳ̨µʶӣҲ׵ؾͱ˸
һۣҧġ
һȻһ٣֪ǲ콫Լʵô̭



1075 ҹ
صһӨ͸ʶӣ͵Ƕ˵ھŲ̨ڲɢ٣һ̨Ϊһ塣
ͬʱһöʶžһӳ̨ڰУתţ˿˿Ƶʶڲɢ˵ĿУԻΪһīḶ́ɿʧ١
ߴߴ
ٿأһ̶ĽҰ̶ȫµëȫ
ţ
򶴿ߵ֮ӡҹ󡯵ʶӣ
ųĿ棬ڵһʱжϡ
ɫһһû뵽򶴿ߵİҹ󱻼һ˵ⰵҹ󣬿򶴿ߵ峤ͨ󡯵УΪ͵һңǼΪѵõıƷ֡츳֮ǿгԽͨơ
˵ͨӡҹ󡯸˷ǳ䵱ɽӰҹҲûйͨʥ磬˳˳̨Ͽɣǰ;
ûϵûȰҹʶӣڳ̨дãȻͱһĵӸһ
ûв´ͨԸ񣬿϶һ壬Ѱһ鷳Ļ򶴿߽׳٣޴棡
࣬۷׷ס
ܿ죬˾һжϡ򶴿߼쿪սɱ¾һ档Ļһΰҹ󱻰ѻܿܿȡ飬Ϊ෹ֵĻ⣬һ򶴿ߵƽÿ£Ϊ˿еЦ
һ˵ʮҪͨΪ򶴿ߵ峤ȻӲͨ𱬵Ը񣬿϶ڵһʱ䣬˹죬һسӣƽϢ
ãܹɱ죬ǫ́ϿɵİѻܿܿնɱһǵܹҹճһңܹնݳһǱڵвɱҡС
ҲǺǵģһ򶴿쿪սôʥȪһӲʱǾŹŵҪԹۣ϶Ҳǲ̫ܵˡ
ҲҪⳡս֮У
ųϾϵܿͶδƣһжϡ
Ҫ췵ţ׼ᡣ
üͷ塣
¡¡¡¡
ʱʮɵĳ̨ҵض޾ӿҡΣɽ顣
ãзϮ
ռ۳ɺӣڶӣ˵Ļǿ϶Ҫ뽭˳֮У
ˣû뵽Ǻòҵһȶʵǵ㣬ôˣ
ʵǵһЩʥߣһʧǣ׷ֽŲãɥȮһ˷ӿ
ˣ̼ϣ
ųϺ֪æαӣ裬ʱһɹεԴ֮ϯʥ߸˱С
ЩʥߣǴӲɽǧʥоϸѡľʹȪһ·Я࣬ŵԽʥ߾磬Բ䡣
˵ˣЩҴʥߣжȪǳȪųҲҵ
ԼĪһʱ䣬ųȻʥߣ˱Уʮұɱʥߣеʿȫų˳ȡ
źòҵһȶʵǵ㣬Ϊ̨Ķ˲һųϲɵð̾Ϣһ
¹ųҲ׼Ѱһȶʵǵˣ΢һ󣬵ʱһȵسžŹŵķӶȥ
£İѻܿܿȡ򶴿߰ҹһߴ½ս֮С
һңںĵشв
ųޣΪŹŵĺĳϣȻҪϻţӦԴʩ
ԼĪһʱʱ䣬ԭƽĸ߿Уһ˺ѳһĿռѷ죬ವһһīӰ͵شӿռѷ˳
Ȼһʧס
ģǧҵһȶʵǵ㣬Ȼ״ݻˣ
ӣҪʵǳ̨ҪѰһʵǵˣ
ų̨Եһӿȵײһ̾ʮֵÿա
ಣಣಣಣ
ٿأī롢Ϸҹֵ˵ӰҲ½ӱ챦ڲӶԭΪȶʵǵ㣬һƬʱգȫɫ䣬Ϊɥ
ģҪѰʵǵˣǵʱѾˣǲܹҵһʵǵ㣬ôǺпܻڴ֮ǰʱգҲûлص컯ɾˣ
ϷһĻ̼֮ɫ
״ײҲʶ̬ԡ



1076 Ⱦ
Ž壬ǧģ׻˵ˮͷȻֱһ塣䰦̾ӱޣѰһʵǵ㡣
īڱݻٵʵǵ㣬ֵƺû̫ľɥȻÿ˳ɹǫ́Ͽɣ̨Ҷ鲢ǵһηīҲǵһμ
ǰԼǣͼ·
ҧҧʱһ𣬳һ·ɱȥ
Ϸҹֵһۣ
Сӣȷ黹죬˿Цã
һתۣԭɥףͱú죬īһҡͷԣпǧ
֡
ҹüͷһ֣첽׷ףʣʱ䣬ֻһ£̶̵һʱûܳɹϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣôҲܹص컯ɾˣ
ʱ䣬ʵЩȡͽ·ٶȣºҵһʵʵǵ㡣
ҹ΢һЩ
׳ĬãҡͷЦϧҲûʲôõİ취ֻܳ²ߣϹèײӵİ취Ѱʵǵ㡣
֡ϷˣȻں֮ӣСĶֹżʶ㣬ͨ
ǣʱ˿̣ʾ֭Ҳ벻һõİ취
˵Ϸ֡ˣ龳ī룬Ҳûʲôƣչüͷ
ণ
ٿأ͵ؽŲһ٣ɫϣȫļؾһİϢ׵ڣɢڳһ˵ȣȫʧ
ţ
֣ʲôˣ
֣ôˣɫôͻȻѿ
Ϸ֡ˣ׷״ǰһеضס
׶ͷһһףҧأ۵öͷ৶䣬ƺڳԱĽʹ
ȣ
ڣԼĪһյĹһɫĹâ͵ϯ׵ƼȦһ̶ĳ
ণ
ȥȻһֻȭͷС棬ʳᣬצһ˫쳣ɢǵĺâȻڳ˯桰ȡ
֮ǰΪ̳һѪľѪһ˳˯֮СôԹ񣬲̽ȵûϵں׵£ȾȻ˳ˣ

ʱڳһ˵ȣȫ˫Ź⣬һضǰĵȡ
Ȼǵȴӳ˯ѹˣһϲ£
һ˷ܵضǰĵȣܿͷ˹ı仯ǿ쿴ȵĳϣȻһɺѪ·ƺж
ӣ⵶Դ̳˱ѪľѪ֮Ҳ̳һֶԡҲ£ĵȣӦ綾ֻǲ֪жңܷһʥ߾ʿ
ҹش궯˫֡
ѵûв⵶Ѿʥ߰쾳磬һٷʥˣ
ϷСֵڵȳֵĵһʱ䣬Ϸʹ߶ʶؽȸ̽һ顣
ҿϷʱֵܣĻ÷ĿϷԴҧˡ
ʲôѾʥˣ
һǻһĻȻһٲʥ磡
ȻȲʥ磬û׽٣ҲʮֲֿˣɱĵȣһʩչطʹµĳȺҲɱ䣡ʱ򣬵ĳȺöôֲ󡣡
һʱ䣬۷׷ס
Ƚʥ磬û٣ʮʵϣֻһ츳Ϊ׿ŭ֮ӣͻƽʱ٣ʿ飬ٵ𷣡
ԣҲû̫
ǺȻ˶ɱ֮ĵȣŷǳȤԸϷѾȲҪ˽ʥĵȣӵʲôʵˡ
֣뵶Ƚһ£Ҳ֪⵶ȾЩ仯Ϸ궯˫֣һƤЦģ
֡ҹˣ׷תͷף˫˸˸Ź⡣
û취˭ʱȵأ
ǩԼģ㵶ȵľΪҪ߳һΣҪΥԼȫʵ
Ǻǣã뵶ȹͨͨ
˽ƵĿ⣬չһЦأԵ˵ͷһ뵶Ƚнͨ
һ̣ײɵõһһ˼ضŵȣǸײ´½һ򵶷ȵ񣬳޾ľϲ
ûϵɱ֮ĵȣȻлҪֲö࣡
һп



1077 ׷
׿ŵı飬Ϸһ˵ȣһ˫˸˸Ź⡣
̳˱ѪľѪ֮˳̳һֱѪĶԡȻ˵Ѫı綾Ҫ΢ѷɫһǣȻܹ׾ٵضһʥʿ
ңѪľ綾뵶ȵѪ֮󣬷һЩ䣬Եķӵҡһ˵ȵĶô֮䣬пܱҪѰҽҩûʱ䣡
һƣһſڣͽ𵶷ȵ
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫһһ׷׺󳷼뵶ȱһΰȫľ롣
û취⵶ӵһ־綾ܹ׶ʥĴڣһʲôĸ
ǲұȵľ綾մȾˣԪϷˣգۼҪ
û뵽ں˱Ѫı綾ңȵĶԣѪҲ߰˳ɹ˾ǣȵĶƺҪӵң˿⵶ȵĶԣȱѪ󨶼˼ɵ
ϷһСС
ԭΪҲܹõѪʮ֮һĶԣѾǷǳĻԵˣ˭룬ҾȻ͹˵ȣ
ңѪľ綾ڵһں֮ƺҲһЩ˸η壡
һզꡣ
Ҳ£⵶ѪѪ϶ŷǳ϶ȣĻҲ޷˳̳߰˳ɵĶԡô˵ֵõһոµˡӽӵž綾ĵȣǸսȺɱӿֲ
ҹ
ণ
糱ĿУԵΪ˷ܣ·ɣʳĿзһ̶
ǺǣڵĵȣڶҺĲٿأֻǴڳ׶ΡѪǧ϶ȻҪԶ
ţȺܹܿġ
һЦŵȴһڡ
ণ
ʱȿһӼĿУ³һѪɫ룬һ˸ǵĺâ
ǵȵĶ룬Ŀǰ¶ֻܹͨ롣ԣⲫʱҪһСģ䶾Упо綾һغ
һᶽٵȶһЩ¶ַƩ綾֮ĴΧ
׵
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ǵѧ¶ķôȵսʽḻʱ򣬵ȶڵ˵вҲһΡ
֮⣬Ȼоϲҡ
ٿأüͷһǵõ꣬ϲ̵ؿʼҫʥ֮󣬵ȿʩչһط׻ȳľһأ⣬Ը׻ȳ
һ׷٣
׵
˻
˵ʱһȻһ˼ؿ򵶷ȡ
û뵽ɱ֮󣬷ǵӵ̸֮ɫľ綾ң˸ָһӳƷʣԲٿӳ棬׷٣
˵һĺϢ
˵Ϊһֻ棬˵ʣǿĸʵǧӳ棬Ⱥսһɱ
񣬵ȵĸսõ˷ǳǳֵóƵǣȺսУܹ𵽵Ч
ǵȣܹӳƷʣҲһΣͿֲˣ
˵ȿȺսĺ֣ԭڵδ̤ʥʱ򣬾ܹٿؽ׻ȳĳȺʥʿԣռϷ硣񣬵ܹӳľΪһôȶѰʥ˵һجһĴڣ
ƶЦ򵶷ȵΪ̰ۡ
ӵ˶๦ܵ棬κһʿϧǩԼƴӣ˳Ҫõһֻͬĵȣûôס
Ǻǣͽӳٻ
ܵȵĿ⣬׵ʱһӣӱ챦нһȺĽ׻ȳٻ˳
ʱһ̶ĳ糱һ㣬ӿĤ֮С
ڳһ˵ȣ׷һ񣬱ǰȭͷСĽ׻ȳע
ȥؿһֻֻ˶Ľ׻ȳ棬Ѫ㣬䣬ȫһŨҵɱĿһڣܹһͷţɡ
Щ׻ȳ棬Դӽ˱챦֮󣬾ûʳɫеѪһ÷˶׳ʵϲˣ
ҹ΢΢һЦ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
˵֮ǰȽ״̬ʱ׻ûнԪ磬Ҳû챦磬֮£ֻóǧֻ׻ȳ棬ȫīıУϾĽ׻ȳ棬ںĵشĿ̫Ϯ
˭ī׷ɱʧ˴꣬ȺҲһֱīıС
ֱī˳׷ɱһ˳ϣҲ˱챦磬īŽȺתƵ׵ıС
ǺǧĽ׻ȳ棬ȿֺӿ׵ıУѪʢڲϵ̳һǳڡ
Ҳûжõʱ䣬һֻֻ׻ȳ棬ȫԵ÷ʷ֣ģϲˡ
ণ
ǧӳط꣬ԵΪһԽɫʳһĸƵԵø˷ܡ
ʱǧֻ׻ȳ棬׷ײʳᣬΪӦһʱ䣬һĿռ䲨µĺ棬ԣʮ׳ۡ



1078 
ণ
ڶݵĽ֮󣬵ʳһ׵壬вϵطöĳƺ׽ʮȤ顣
ͷٿȻһӣһεϯֱӽǧֻʷֵĽ׻ȳ棬ȫ챦С
һٶڳһ˵ȣȫ΢΢е档
ȸң챦еѪڽ׻ȳ̲Чǳڡԣҵı챦УٳһɽȣΪȺĴӪһʱ̳Ѫ̲׻ȳ档Ҳ㵶ɽнһ̶ʹӳɱ
ײؽ͵
Ϸҹֵˣȫ˵ͷ
ҪʹӳɱɲһһϦ飬׵ı챦磬ȫԵõֶ̲Ϊ
˵챦е󺣣ѪΪŨκ˼ˣҪںϡ󺣣ֵıǼֵܣͲˣ
ϷһҡͷпԵΪۣѽǱˣԺ޹˼ɵֵѪ
֡ҹˣһصͷ
ȷ׵ı챦УһƬãޱ߼ʵĽɫ󺣣ѪŨǴ֮׽Ԫʱ򣬵еĽɫ󺣳䣬ӶƬɫ󺣣ʮ
Ȼ˵Ϸҹֵͬ㣬ǣϷֵˣҲڻ׵ѪԼľΪ
ԣȻԱ챦е󺣣Ϊѣûһ˵óȻ
˭룬ǧֻ׻ȳ棬Ȼ󺣵⡣
תһ룬ǧֻ׻ȳ棬ȫ׻棬ҲȻˡ
Ѫι棬޲ס
֡ϷҹˣΨĽʺ޵ķݡ
ಣ
ֻһХһΣ׵ıС
֣ҲҪ۽硣
Ǻǣ뿴ǵҪδʹӳɱ䣡
֡ϷҹˣԵʮֺ档
һƣһ֣ȫ˱С

ޱ޼ʵ֮ϣһɾ޷Ưţ˿̣ǧֻ׻ȳ棬۳һƬƶ䣬ڸ߿߮
ڣڵȵ֮£ѡһɾ޷壬
ʱһ¡¡ı˷׵Ĵ߶֮£ɾ޷ĵײиһټɽȣԲٲȻһƯС
ʳһھ޷ײСϣѡһʼ̶
顭
һֵиһԲɵӡţ΢ţһεԴӿ
еĽɫѪˮһγһˮӿܿ죬ͽӸװˡ
̶Ժǽ׻ȳԡˣκʱܹУѪ̲อ
һۡ
ণ
ֹͣʳһ̶ڲ
ͬʱǧֻ׻ȳ棬ȻЩȲ̶ϿƺѾȲҪӿ̶ڲɱ
Ȼһ̣˳ԾһĻˡ̶룬һδĿĵѪɫɢ˿ܿͽһ̶ɫѪȾôĿģһƬ졣
ţһɫڣ̶䡣
ҿʲôƺ綾ע̶֮У
ҹʶڵһʱ;
ţ
˵ȵĶԣܹ׶ʥĴΪνҺע̶ڲѵͲӳ汻
Ϸһľ̡
ǺǣҲ£ҪԣŴӳ档
ʱһֱĬī룬һſڣ;˲䡣
ʲôҪŴӳ棿
ֺݺݵһĭ
ûʲôֵġ
˾Ŀ⣬ī뵭һЦȻ˵ȵĶԷǳҡǣΪĸ棬ֻҪҺ뾫Ѫ֮УͲӳˡΪбѪػֻҪ֭Ũȱ̫ӳܿͻںϣʹӳǣµɱ䡣
˲ɴʧɫЩԼĶ䡣
Ҫ֪Ѫı綾ѾȸˣΪһոµƷ֡ȻֶƷ֣ĸ浶γвôȻҲһеӳ𺦡
ţ׻ȳں˵ȵľѪ֮󣬲ܹܿɱңһļʣһֶԣ
īг˵
δ䣬˲־ϲٿ׻ȳǿһȴſɵı
ǽ׻ȳ̳һֶ֮󣬱˶档ʱ򣬳ǧֻӿ˭ܹ⣿
ϷĦȭƣȻԽ׻ȳŷǳڴ



1079 ʮ׳
ڣԼĪһʱ֮ɽе̶ȾһѪɫ̶ˮŨҵıɫѪ̶֮ϣĿģ˲ֱӡĻľһѸٿήɢ
ಣ
ֻһ죬͵ʳһѪ̶֮ڰУƺѾе׼
ণ
ڵȵһ£ǧֻʷֵĽ׻ȳ棬ҲƵӿ̶֮Уȿֺ˺ͷ
һĽ׻ȳ棬ӿ̶ڲʧ١
ټ̶ˮָƽһ̶ˮƽ
λ
ʱϿգһƻ۳һǷӣȻ׵ģ׻ȳڷطֳѣѵҲҪͣ
֡Ϸҹˣȫ΢΢һ̧ͷ֮Ͼ׵ɿЦá
֣˵ǳǧֻ׻ȳ棬ڷطֳѣ
Ϸһǳֲ飬Ť˼˵Щ׻ȳѵʮٱе
˾Ϣһϣһڴؿ֮ϵľ޴
Ǻǣ˵û
ϷѯʣײɵõͷһЦȽʥܹ֮ӳҲһΣԼʮֻҡ
Ϊ˾óȺչ׳ֻóĽ׻ȳзطֳ
һ΢Цƺ˵һϡƽ顣
˭뻰δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫɫ䣬һ˼ؿףǿһ
ţûɣ˵ĵȣ޶ȿʮֻ׻ȳ棿
ϷĿס
Ҫ֪ʥ߰쾳ʱ򣬵ܹӳ棬ʱҲһֻ񣬾Ȼ˲䱩ʮֻ
ʮֻ׻ȳ棬һʲôĸ
·ܹƬոסڰУһƬһۿߣ
ʿ˵ͷ۵ľǵĳȺ飬ǧһȺİΧȦ̼ͻһغ
ΪˣȲܹԽɱǿУ
񣬵Ƚʥ磬ӳľ磬ҲһΡңиӳ深ܳγɸΪǿȺ壡
仰˵ȵĳȺһΡңȺҲᱩ
һ룬鲻Խز
ֲ̫ˣ󣡡
ȫ¸ͣʮֻɱĽ׻ȳ棬У׾ٵؾܹһŸ񣬾Ȼֵĺ
ԭԵȵʵҪĵشǷǳΣյһ顣һͬǧֻӳ棬ҪɥȪ񵶷Ƚʥ磬ӳǱʮֻ룬ѰʥȻóȻ
ϧǣóȺս츳û̫ڳڡĻǿԳʵǳ̨
ҹһҡͷп
õʵǳ̨
īʧһЦ
컯ɾ飬Ҫʵǳ̨ǫ́ϿɣǣУҲֻˣᡣ
ԶԶܹľӢᲢۡ
һԿ϶ǣһ׻ȳʮֻôֽһ
λֵܡ
Ȼ֮ϵɫһ䣬ЩϾһΣҪûܳɹϳ̨ڳ̨һʶӣôҾͻὫ׻ȳ컯ɾ
һҲԶҵңҲز컯ɾˣ
΢΢̾ϢһȻˣһϣܹʣһʱɹǫ́ϿɡһҾͿõȼ컯ɾϢΪ컯ɾеһȫ
һɫЩÿ
Ŀǰ״Ҫڶ̶̵һʱڣѰҵʵʵǵ㣬ҳɹǫ́Ͽɣǳѡ
ǿףɹļҲʮã
֣֮ǰ˵Ѿһµ׷ô
ٿأҹзŹ⣬µܹʮֻ׻ȳ棬ȥغܹܿҵһʵʵǵ㣬ʱƾӳĸ浶ȵϵһ֮䣬ܹѶϢһǵΧҪöˡ
ȫ־ϲؿס
ţ
ӳѰҺʵʵǵ㣿
ҹ飬¶Цǳϧ׻ȳǷֳҪµʱ䡣⣬Ľ׻ȳǳ˵ںĵش߮Ѱʵǵˡڳ̨Եж
һֻ׳棬Ҫ뷢Ϊɳ棬ҲҪһʱ䡣
³һ



1080 
һʱ䣬׳ܹ˳Ϊɳ棬˵̫ˡ
Ͼֻʣһͷʱ䣬֮󣬾ҪʱգҲûл컯ɾ
ɳķֳҲֻʱ䣬֮ͻ̶ноɱ䡣ҲҪµʱ䣬ͿɱɹʱǳɳľһΣҵǿԽĽ׻ȳٻͷжѰҺʵʵǵ㡣
ɤӣ
Ȼ˵Ľ׻ȳ棬ֻ߰ǧӣͷжЧʿҪһҪߵöࡣ
һۣ΢΢ͷ
ٺ٣Щڴ׻ȳɱˣ֪׻ȳɱ֮󣬻ʲôı仯
ִ˴˫֣һڴµ
Ľ׻ȳ棬ţ׳棬ɱķȣҪö࣬һ꣬ѰĽ׻ȳ϶Ҫһ
һƣĽ׻ȳ棬ѪѾͣǽ̶ɱ䣬Ҳзǳɱ䡣
෴׳棬һ͵õ̶еľѪѪʢ̶ȣǼ̳еı綾Ҫ߳һΡ
׶׳棬зǳߵ
˫Ź⣬ȻЩȲҪ׳棬ϧҪȵ׳Ϊɳ棬ҲҪһʱ䡣
˸ûʱȴ
Ž壬ҵһ飬֪ǷС
ʱһֱĬԵī룬Ȼڳһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽Ҿãȫ̶еһЩȪȪ̺žţǶڳĽ׻ȳ棬׳棬Ǵ֮Ƕ׳˵Կඥһܹ׳ڡ
ţ
ţûɣǰȻȪι棿
Ϸһ˼ضī룬Ŀࡣ
Ȫ쳣ѰԪʿҪõһȪǧѡߴеĺĵӣҪõһȪҲҪѾţ֮ºպսС
˭룬챦īȻҪ棡
ŵĸо
ϢɢһʿΪ֮ߣΪīڱ
δҲ̫˷ѣ̫ˣ
ֽԴҡǲ˹һ㣬ЩȪܹ壬׾ܹϰʥ˳ɽ٣̤Ԫ硣ι棬δЩ̫ݳˡ
Ȫι棬÷ָоüιݣ̫ݳޡ
ԼǡǽȪʹ͸ǿҲûʲôǽȪʹ͸׻ȳ׳棬Щ˷ˡϾЩӳʵڣңϽ棬»ٶҲ൱ÿ졣һȺս֮󣬾ӳ棬һغˡʱȪƽ˷ѡ
ҹоݡ
΢Ƭ̧̣ͷ˫ŽƺѾö⣬ҾˣͰǰָʾ죬˵ΪҪʱ䣬Ȫ
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ɹϳ̨ôܹһ֮䣬컯ɾõıأҪȪмֵ
ܹý׻ȳ澡ɱ䣬ôǾͽһţʮ׻ȳʵǵ㣬Чʿ϶ܹһɳ죡
һƶ˵
Ϸҹֵˣȫһؿףоȫˡ
ףȻͬȪ棿
Ҫ֪һˣζҪõһȪ׾Ȼһ֣ʹȪ棬Ƕô˵
ͬϴ
ʱһ˵ǶںʥӣСŽԿ׳󣬶ĵرĿҲôǿҡ෴˵ΪҪʱ䣡
ֵһˣ컯ɾǧ裬˳̨ıԵûȫʵһΣп϶ź
΢΢˫֮У͸¶һ˿
Ϸ֡ҹ΢΢ΪȻص˵ͷ
ΪϷǶҹ֣ǷǳģȻ˵ʮԼϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɡ
ǣûгԣѡԲǵķ
Ϸ֡ҹ˵Ȫǳ󣬵ǣһ֤ԼĻᣬҪӵܿɹ
ңʵǳ̨飬ǧѷ꣬ҪõôһᣬòϷ֡ҹˣûѡ
֣ЩڻĹҵƺЩСЦˣ
εͷչһЦ
֣֧ľò˵ˣ¹ϣҪԶдֹۡ
һ˼ܵĶҹҲʰ·硣



1081 ٻ
õһֵ֧֣ܵ׶ʱһ泩һЦҲٳɣһӣֱӴͳһƿšƿһ˱ǶŨҩ㣬Ƣ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫеƿ
ҾֱʹʮȪ棡
΢ԥƬ̣ī£ֱӵͺһһһεֱӴƿоʮȪ
˻
Ȼ׼һҪóʮȪ棬Ϸҹֵˣǵһһ𺳡
ʼգû˳顣
ȥɣ
һӣʮڰеȪʱƴһ㣬ɿش׹ɫ̶ڲ
ࣣࣣࣣࣣࣣࣣ
ʱһȪȵʮȪϵ׹̶ǧֻ׻ȳ棬һᵽȪϢʱҲƵһöĳϵشˮ״̶ˮ˷
ǿ쿴׻ȳڷ̶̳ˮţһ
־
ȡ
ʱһȸٻߣͨһֻʳһƵ˿
ʱ̶еĽ׻ȳ棬׷ֹͣ˷ؾţһʼֳܣһſžӨ͸һĳѡ
ʩչѰۣܹ͸ɺ̶ˮ̶ˮײһſģĳѣضѻһ𣬽̶׶磬ʮۡ
ǺǣеԼල׻ȳ治Ϊ̰̳̫ĲƷĻǣҲԳܡ
΢΢һЦһûжϴĻֻҪһµʱ䣬еĽ׻ȳ棬ɱϡʱܹ̾ʮٻΪڱѰʵǵ㡣
׳棬Żµʱڣ죬һֻֻɳ档ʱ򣬽ΪһӴ
Ȼ׳棬и
ϷҹֵˣȫƶЦһȸԾ
̫ˣҲֻµʱ䣬ͻʮѰʵǵ㣬ţʮĸҪѰҵһʵʵǵ㣬ֱ׾ٵ飡
͵߬ȭͷһš
Ǻǣ֪ܹϵڼ̨ףһ룬ȫѪڣЩȲҪչȭŵĸо
Ϸ궯˫֣֡
ˡ
ʱīʣʱѾˣҽ飬深ֳɱʱڣ·Ѱʵǵ㡣ܹҵʵǵ㣬Ҳ˷Դˡ
ͬ⣡
ͬ⣡
ס񡢶ҹˣȫͷͬ
ಣ
ţϷҹһ˵Ӱ½ӱ챦зӶ
ܿ죬һˣ;ۼڳ̨ĸ

ѡһ򣬿ʼһȵų̨ıԵͽɱȥԾԱɱһ·̳
ϷҹֵˣԴֵȫԪ֮׵ϡĬԽԽãܶʱ򶼲Ϻȵ״

ã޼ʵĺĵشϷλһƬɭУһ߰˰׸ߵľֱԾͦΣһֹϲɣĸо
ɭ֣˻Ĺʱµĺۼ
ʱһжʮӰɵشڹɭУų̨ķһ·С
ֵһǣʮӰȫһɫŮˣʰ쵵ɴȹģ次
УһƤɰŮעĿ
ŮһϮɫȹɫ¶װģɰһ˫ˮӣת֮䣬һֹ龫ֵĸо
Ůԣһ׷Բԣ͸ˣƺѾ˹ϡ֮꣬һȣ֮䣬Ϊѡ
ҿĸŮˣ̧һΣ׷ԲԵŸ̧ţĻû߶Զţп졣
š
ƤŮһǵؿ׷ԲԵţеѯʵĸоôҪҪͣϢһʱ䣿Ҳʱ䡣
ԣһֱĿţѾ̧Ƥһ۹龫ֵŮɱ촽ţСزԪҪ˶ãҪнޣⶼûʲôɱ˵ġ
СزŮһ滨ģ׷ԲԵ΢΢һЦ˵ҰٻԴɽ컯ɾִֻ˿һںߴļз棬ܹѾһ漣ˡ
Ȼһִ˿ߴǰֵһᡣǣ˿ұѪҲĿ˿ʹû䣡
ã֮꣬õһΪŮ츳Ѫһ壬ͣڣٻ룬Ҫʤһ
ΨһԸܹۿҵŮΪ˿һζɹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
ɱúľţ촽¸ͣѵһԻǵ۾ȴɢĹʡ



1082 
еˣȫ۾ŽҴȻΪٻţ󣬷ǳ硣
ֻҪСزܹ˳ǫ́ϿɣôͿ˳µؼһʶӣ컯ɾǰüޣͬʱҲҺݺݵسһڶ
⣬һֱһԸ˵̤龳֮һ˳ڳ̨һʶӣԶΪлõɵ֮ӣûϵûãߴĸ֣Χҵ˿һɱƬײֻʣʮˣΪңǱһϢȼʮӵŴ˳ѡ
ӽһΧش͵
ңΪƹأһǧɡڳ̨ڲʶӣܿͱ˸ˣ⣬ҲΪԶʹ
ԭΪһ壬Զ޷۷磬ȥˡ˭룬ҸӦԪʱϲԴһ츳Ѫޱȳ׿Ů
ΪŮ츳֮ǿҰٻҪʤһٲȻǼ̳²Ϊ˿һζľѡ
Ⱳӣû˿չ׳󣬳Ϊ컯ɾڰ˴ǳźϣҵŮгһգܹʵҵ룬˿չԿߴľްԣ
׷ԲԵţһԵŮǿһİı˷ǳĺŮѾʥ쾳磬ҪϾŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣӦûʲôѣ
ֻҪܹ֮꣬˳ߴһʶӣü޺
˿˵ȴʮֵļһ߶ͣɱ֣ϵŮСزС֣鲻Խضš
ţģСزԲṼһϳ̨һʶӵģ
ܵٻСزҧס˸ɱơ
ãã
ϲЦտ
Сز˵̫໰źú
ʱһ̴ŮˣһϮ߲ɴȹСزǰ߳һ
Сز΢΢СӦǣĸ״ˡ
·
߲ɴȹŮˣһʱһжʮˣɵڹɭд
ĸ״ˡ
ԼĪһյĹ򣬹龫ֵСزϢĸ׵ԣΪʲôҪôԸȫһ˵ϣƽ
СزѹС졣
СزظίģΪɳĮŮˣһ̾СزҪףһΨһһѪҲΨһһܹٻᲢ۵ʣ֮⣬ûܹ˿صҲûܹôδɵԸ
СزԲļʱһı֮ɫĸ״ˣȻҷǳţҲǳҪδ˵Ըǣҽ˿չԿߴĵڰ˴δҲ̫ڳˣҾȫǳ˵Σ
СزּգƺЩɥ
Сز
ΪɳĮŮˣʱɫһСز񣬶һ˿࣬Ҫ֪Ϊʿ֮٣ûһżᶨƵģٺõ츳Ҳгɾͣ
ŶʵӲҪֻǶһ޲ߣϣԶ䣬ϸҪԼ㰵츳ʲô鶼ܷ
ĵõɣΪ˵еˣôûΪԼ޷˿չ׳󣡡
Сزĸ׾͸СزһΣСزֱͷ
û뵽Ŷ˵ģЩ˽ûȫŵ⣡
ţŲԪнľԲϿҪң
Сزֹһʱһ´˾߬˷ȭ졣
ĸ״ˡ
ٿأСزʵ˵Ҫڳ̨Եҵһʵʵǵ㣬ʮֲסеˣķѼʮĹҲδԸһΣܹ˳ҵһʵʵǵ𣿡
СزĽëϵһգһգΪضűΪɳĮŮˡ
һ㣬㲻õġ
Сزĸ׵һЦѰʿȫͬǸҪѰҺʵʵǵ㣬˵ֻҪ̨κεطܹʵǡ
δ䣬СزɵΪ֮һһ˼ضԼĸףʲôǸҪѰȶʵǵ㣿κεطܹʵǣ
ȻСزûʵǹ̨ڳ̨Ϊ˽ġСزߴΧռ䣬ʵ֮⣬ʿҪʵǳֻ̨ѰȶĿռʵǡ
Ҫҵһʵʵǵ㣬ǳѣҪķʮعеʱ򣬻Ҫָĵ˽ɱᣬܹһʵʵǵ㡣



1083 ɫʯ
˭룬Сزĸ׵Ļȴȫ߸Сزڳ̨Ĺ֪
ĸ״ˣ⾿ô£ΪֻҪ̨Ϳ޼ɵؽʵǣ
СزһضԼĸס
СزĸüƺЩԥ΢Ƭ̺³һƺ¶˾һ㣬СزѾ˳ʥĸˡҲڶΪ˿һζЩ飬ʱˣҲȨ֪
ǣϣ㶮أܡĻ˿һƽ٣
ΪɳĮŮˣޱضСز
ܵĸе⣬Сزɵһ£ͷ
ҲŵĿ˵ˣԭɽһˣҲɽһ弫ѵõıѪͳǰ;ϧΪң˸°ӵ컯ɾΪһɽ񡣡
СزĸһһʮؽСز˼׷ɣƻص˾Զ
֪ˣʲôͳ̨ô
ٿأСزĸ׻һתһ⡣
Сز΢΢üŬ˼ã޿κεҡҡͷ
̨ǳԽ˵Ĵڡ
Сزĸ΢΢һЦһСزһԼĶ䡣
Խ˵Ĵڣ
Ҳ˵̨ƷʣƶɵĵҪ߶ˣ
Ϊ˵еĹˣƳĳ̨ȻȵҪʤһ֪ηʥܹ֮ΪУ
Сزһпڳ̨޵㽡
㽹㽣СزҲʮҪ̨ΪУǳѡ
ϾƷʸ߶˵ķ顣
̨ǳԽ˵ĴڣʹȻһغɥȪҪһԽ˵ļƷҲԲôס
٣ۼĴڣҲв
˵̨ϡͶɣΪؼһϣɫʯ
Сزĸһ
ţɫʯ
Сز΢΢һɫʯš
˵Уɫʯ޲أѹһصĻʯʮ
û뵽̨ΪҪĲϣɫʯ
ҵ⣬ʲôϵأ
СزͷЩʵ
ǺǣȻйϵˡ
Сزĸײؽ͵Ҫ֪ɽ֮УһĴӪɫɽɽ£
СزɵɫٿȻ䣬һȵضĸס
ɽ֮УһȻפɫɽɽ£
ʣǴжϣɫɽɫʯŷǳеϵ
˵ɫɽÿ꣬ͻһöɫʯɫʯ޾ɫɽľڡ
Ϊ̨ռʮöɫʯ
Сزĸһп
Сزһ󾪺Сһһס
ûϵɫʯ˵ϡ󡣹һöɫʯҪŻһö
ɫʯɽ磬Ҳǲɶõı
˭룬˾Ȼһռһʮöɫʯͳ̨
Ƕô˵
ô׵ֶΣ
Ҳֻд˵еˣӵ㾪춯صһЩѰ޷㵽顣
ĸ״ˣƺѾһЩжϡ
Сزݺݵһĭһ˷ܵضɳĮ룬ĪǣһУһöɫʯ
Сز˸˸ŹСزĸײɵҡͷһЦСز̫쿪ˡҪ֪ű˴ɽ°ӹʱֻһԪСȻӵŰٻʣõһáǣҪõһöɫʯȻǳ˵Σ
Сزĸ׾ͽСزеΡ
ȻûܵõһɫʯȴһλԵ֮£һĽ֮УҵһƬɫʯƬ
ΪɫʯƬǿԺ޹˼ɵʵǳ̨õĻᱻ̨ܱߵû
Сزĸ׻һת˵ʵࡣ
Сزһ󼤶ĽҰ⣬Сز޲һ߸ߣƤСһȸԾ
û뵽һ壬ȻһƬɫʯƬƬһҪʵǳ̨Ҫ׵ö࣡
Ȼ˵컯ɾеһ壬ɽһ壬Ტۡǣò˵ֻҪӵɫʯƬ൱ڵõһΧռ䣬ߴƽƽ
պһ巢չ׳ҲռһɫʯƬٳһΧռΪã
СزϲЦտ
ĸ״ˣܹɫʯƬ𣿡
Сز궯С֣һεضĸס
ԣСزĸײʧЦСزνƥﻳɫʯƬϢһҪڣ򲻿˵޼ˣҲҪ͸¶⣬ǻһûʵȥ
񣬼ȻˣҲ㡣
Сزĸָһк۵Ĺȣ㿴еĹǹȵİִǶһƬɫʯƬ
Сزɵһһ˼ؿеĹȡ
ûϵɫʯƬıžȻὫǶڹȵİ֮ϡ
ɫʯƬûд߶£ѰʯͷҪǳѡ



1084 ϻ
ʱۣһµʱ䣬գۼš
һµʱڣһˣų̨ıԵһ·շת棬ѰһȶĿռ䣬ʵǳ̨
һ·֮ϣҹЪ跹˼νƴȫ
ϧ˲ûзֺʵʵǵ㣬׵Щļ
Ͼʣʱ䣬Ѿˡ
һգʣ紵
λ
ٿͣ˽ŲһǶûôϢڵԪĴźǣûзֺʵʵǵ㡣
ûйϵѾӦȸҴݵѶϢ⼸죬Ľ׻ȳ棬ͻɱɹʱǾ߰ǧֻ׻ȳѰʵǵ㡣
£Ǿһʱ䡣
΢΢һЦ
׻ȳҪɱɹôٺ٣һϢ
Ϸ˷ܵش궯˫֣ѾЩȲҪ֪ɱ֮Ľ׻ȳ棬ʲôı仯ˣ
Ǽʱ갡
ҡͷһЦһƨ̱ڵأźưܵķһϵš
ƾǼ˵Ҫڶʱҵһʵǵ㣬ǳѡǻԵ񣬷Ļ֪Ҫ²ҵһʵʵǵ㡣
ҹһĿա
ͨ˵˸ոջǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡԳ̨𵽷ǳĴٽáʱҪҵһЩʵʵǵ㣬ǳѡ
ī뾭ϵһƺìܣǾİѻܿܿû˳ǫ́Ͽɣǫ́һ˿ãĻᣬҵʵʵǵ㡣
ǣĳ̨һΧڷǳҵľءԣʵʵǵ㣬Ҳ÷ǳϡ١
ܵԽѿɫī뻰һתοˣԹȻûʲôãֻܷһˡ
ϷҹֵˣΪȻص˵ͷ
׵˫УӹһĨ֮ɫ
ڶգٿվ֮һĨЦ⣬λһϢĽ׻ȳ棬ѾֳܣѾɱɹ
˵ţһֻһɫĹâ͵
ণ
һһĽ׻ȳ棬ʱƾճ׵ǰʳݡ
ৡ
̼䣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵˵ȵϡ
գ
׵ͺһһӣֻһ죬ӱ챦˲ӿǧֻȭͷСĽ׻ȳ棬һֻֻ÷׳ʵȫ˸˸
ǧֻ׻ȳ棬۳ڸ߿߮һɫƶ䣬ΪעĿ
һǧֻɱɹĽ׻ȳؽ֮ϣڵһש
Ͼڳ̨ռǳֲʱĸ߿շУκʿ˵Ƿǳġ
ţ
ǿ쿴׻ȳطһ˿Ѫ⣬ƺӵŶԣ
ʶ񣬵һʱʩչۡͨ̽׻ȳı仯
ֵĹͨò׵Ѱ۱ԶԣõѶϢࡣ
ɱ֮Ľ׻ȳ棬Ϣۻ룬Ҳ׳˶һȦȫɢ˸˸⣬ʮɲ
ֵһǣڽ׻ȳһʳ֮ϣɢһ˿˿Ѫ⣬էէ֣ʮֹ졣
֣ǽɱ֮Ľ׻ȳ棬ʲô仯ܷѰʵǵ㣿
Ϸһ̼ؿס
׵һЦλ˵ǧֻɱɹĽ׻ȳ棬ÿһֻС磬ڵԪۻ룬ңɱ䣬ǵƷʣһΡ
˵ţָһһԪ۶ɵٿһֻ׻ȳ档
˾ȵǣ⧲Ľ׻ȳ棬ǰһ۵÷һȦڼλĵطһССİӡ
ţֵԪʿû뵽׻ȳƾӲȻûб
׻ȳӲǣӦòʥ٣
֡ҹϷˣĿһ̲˲ͬѰ

׵һЦһһεֱӽеĽ׻ȳ֮Уͬʱ׵ڣӿһůԪ콽˵Ľ׻ȳ֮ϡ
һ˵Ľ׻ȳ棬ƻָͣ
˾ǣ׵֮£׻ȳڱĽ磬ʱչͨ˳ࡣ
˾õ˳ĽҪܵǣ׻ȳõļؼ
ٿأѹɤ֮һĨεĲЦݡ
ƺɱ֮Ľ׻ȳ棬׸⡣
ʱ˾ǲһڴס
׻ȳɱ֮ĵһؼˡϻ
һЦ



1085 ն
ϻ
ɵýһס
ϻ˼壬Ƕ˺壬ͬʱʩչһּܡ
ͨ˵ҪʩչϻҪµϣԼǳߵĬſԡ
ĻɣΣϵߡ
ңеʿϰϻҪͳһ϶ȷǳøߣÿ˵֮䣬ܹ໥ںϡĻͬɷɡ
Ҫϰ弼ǳѡһֵ̥ͬܣµδܹɹ
˭룬׻ȳɱɹ֮󣬾Ȼ׾ٵһϻ
Ϸҹֵˣɵ־ϲ
ϻɲôɵģλڵĻɽһһãһֹǳֲĺϻһȳΪɽһһе̳
ϧһõõһľΪñҪһϻϾͳ©ڴ֮һսУΣֻٶʩչϻ˭룬Ȼըγ˷ɣһغ˫˫䡣
ϷһϾ˵
ڳһ˵ȣȫһɫࡣ
ܵЩţײɵһЦϻҲΪ֣ܶеĺϻĬ̶ҪߣеĺϻİҪߡһеĺϻǳΣա
˵ˣȺԵ棬ϻ츳ɱɹĳȺһոµĺϻ츳һΣϵߡ
ȴС
˵ţ׳Եĵȴһڡ
ণ
ʱʳһзһöĳ
һ̣ǧֻ׻ȳ𣬶뻮һīʶ񣬶ȥɵɫٿȻ䣬һĿࡣ
Ϊī뾪ط֣ʩչϻĹУǧֻ׻ȳ棬ʳĴȫһ£ûһ˿һĲ
ǶôֲĬ
һǧֻ׻ȳ棬ͷ˸߿գ۳һԲ䵶ģ޾ɱӽ׻ȳϯ˸εѡ
紵ľۣ̳졣
𡭡
һͻХƾմĤȥֻһѪ׵ڷӶȻǾŰɳѪɫ
һֱڱ챦ѪɫƺҲʼįӱзӶ׵ԣŵһצƺ뵶Դס
бһѪɫһ˿ûдѪɫ˼
һΣǸһЩʲôĺϻ
ҡͷһЦϻն
һ£߿۳һԲ䵶ģǧֻ׻ȳ棬ͬʱһ͵شӼĿһԪ
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
ǧֻ׻ȳ¶ƽӻ뺣һѸٻۡѹûһĵâ͵ػƳգƫеسѪɫķ¡
͡
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵ʱ䣬ռ˺ѣ˻˾һ
𡭡
ܵɱͷϯ£Ѫɫɵõͺһ鼱֮£Ӷצǰ˺ѳһʮɳĿռѷ졣
顭
ɳâ͵غڿռѷ֮ϣɢÿռ䱬ѣ˻޾˷ӿ
ŵվڲԶϷҹֵˣ׷׳ſ֣æҵػűȫֵ
𡭡
ܿ죬䶨ԭ߮ͣѪɫ˿϶һһ˿ڣƤⷭתѪ졣
ٲȻǱâƣˡ
˵Ѫɫһŭ죬ҪȺƴļơ
ಣ
Ȼ˫ʳһѪɫǰһҪսսģ
ʱѪɫ뵶֮䣬ɱڣսһ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣױȳ赲Ѫɫ뵶ȵм䣬ԼˣûбҪġ˵ţһӣŭѪɫ˱챦С
ѪɫȻ鲻ԸϾƶİ壬ģ׵ǰ˳ȫȻûаΥ˼
Ǻǣû뵽ѪɫȻ뵶Դס
ҡͷһЦЩΡ
˵ѪɫҪ뵶ɱµҪƣϾĵѾӵʥΪַɱ䣬ӵо綾£ʮɹ
ѪɫΪ̳һִ編ԣսʤȣҲڲ֮ء
ԣڵѪɫ֮䣬Ҫֳһ𱰣ǳѣνѷֲ١
ҿѪɫǵȣף׵ұۡ
֣ȺĺϻδҲֲ̫ˣҪ֮ͿʩչɱУ޴󣬾ʥĸ֣δظ濹⣡
Ϸһп



1086 ˿
ʶǧֻ׻ȳʩչĺϻ˾ҡҷڽ׻ȳֹĿ࿴ĸо
ǺǣøλЦˣ
һпӣ׵һЦǫѷ˵ⲻֻǺϻΪĹֶΣڸ߶λĺϻʱóȺʩչǿ
ʲô֣˵Ⱥܹʩչӿֲĺϻ
Ϸһͫ׵ɵúţһϵشߴٵ֣Ƿǳ棬ҲͲҪڵˣϿóȺչ֣һ۸ɣ
ûϴǶأҲȰ˵
˵Ĵߴ٣׶ȻҡҡͷҲԸôҴ۸ֻǣÿһ߶λĺϻԪĶǳĿֲһҪ׻ȳѰҺʵʵǵ㣬ԣȻܹĽ׻ȳԪ
Ϸҹֵˣһɥ̾Ϣһ
׵ĽͺҲûа취
Ǻǣ˵׻ȳҲ̳һ־綾ȻԱ𵶷ٷ֮һĳ̶ȶûСǣһʩչϻн׻ȳĶأγɵľ綾׾ٵسԽȣ
һƶ
һ󾪺
ֻ֣ǧֻ׻ȳ˳ɱ䣬˵֪۷״̬£ʮֻ׻ȳ档ʮֻ׻ȳͬʱʩչϻ϶Ҫǧֻ׻ȳֲöˣ
ҹ΢һͲɵþ
Цŵ˵ͷֲ²û׳棬ȫ죬ʮ׻ȳͬʱʩչϻĳ棬һʵֵġʱһ𺳵ĸо
ңţĽ׻ȳ棬϶Ҫ
׽ظĵֱ졣
֡Ϸɵһʱ촽£һ仰Ҳ˵
˵ʥĵȣսѾѹϷ֡ҹˣǼʮ׻ȳ棬¾Ƕҹ֡Ϸ֣ҲȻǶ֡
ʮ׻ȳ棬׻ˡ
˱˰
ȡ
ʱһȸٻԣһ
ণ
ʱʳһзһĳţǧֻ׻ȳ棬̷ɢ˷ӿȥһͳʧ˵֮С
Ѿǧֻ׻ȳ棬ȫɢų̨ıԵȫѰʵʵǵ㡣ֻҪ֣׻ȳ̾Ϳͨϵ뵶Ƚйͨ
ʳ
ԣڳһ˵ȣʱĻŭţƶЦ
ҹЪظ·ѽƣǧֻ׻ȳæѰʵǵ㣬˼ϵĵӣʱ˲١
ɱĽ׻ȳ棬Ѿƿ׷ңѧһ鹵ͨĸ浶ȣϵ
΢΢³һڣ֪ʥȪȵīƾһֻɫӳ棬׷ٵīǰľλõģҲʩչط
īΪȻص˵ͷ
תǰ¹ȥˡ
һգһĶʮӰһ·շת棬˳˳̨ıԵ
ĸ״ˣǴ˵еĳ̨ôδҲ̫Ρ׳ˣ
龫ֵСزңɼĳ̨һԶƵļ
ǺǣҲ֪ж飬Ҫʵ̨ϧھ˵̨ǵõɵĽݣΪ֮ء
СزĸһпĿ䣬ƺһֱ˵֮С
Сزʱղ࣬ڣǾ͸Ͻѡһص㣬ʼʵǳ̨ɡţ̨Ϊڲ֮ǰ³̨Χϣռҡԣ߮ڳ̨ʿѾظʵǳ̨ľѻᡣ
ʱϵţ촽

СزҾڴӦ
λҺ̸ɢȫ䡣
Сزĸ׵ͺһСӣȫԲǧǾߣҲɷŹһˡ


ʱʮӰɵسŸӶȥ
ಣಣ
һ̨ıԵֻʣʮӰ
СزһŻ³˿ճֱ̨ӿһ֮š֮ͨţȫʵǳ̨
СزĸСزһ
Ȼ˵ڳˣǰٻĸ֮ĲޣСزĸ׾ԲὫɫʯƬϢ߸
á
СزЦŵ˵ͷ
ԼĪʱ֮ɫ΢΢룬˳أСز˾ϲǣڷԲǧĵضΣû
ԣСزԷʵǳ̨



1087 ٻ
ţ¾㱸Ŵš
Сزĸƣ˰׷ԲԵǰȴŵָʾ

ɱŷسſƤһŹȣΡΡشվСزĸ׵Ĳ£һıԵ
˵ȣ׷׺󳷣㳷ʮ֧֣˫һգգضš
䣡
ٿأֻһɤƵ߳ȣԭŹҡҡλεţ͵һΣһ֮Уţһֻξ޴ǧֻצӵ߲֩룬ƾճ˵֮С
ֻ֩룬ɸߣ߰˰׳һΡɽ壬̧ͷȥһεѹͷз飬Ҵ
˾ȵǣԭ߸ɺԵ֮УȻ׷׹ѣķ϶֮Уƾմܳһɫɫʰ쵵Ļ䣬ţΡ
ȥԲʮĵطһشصĻԣ˻ʵ۵԰ٻʢŽأ˱ǣ
ۣԭŵı塮ٻ롯ӣǺаĸо
Сزһž޴߲룬һ󾪺
صĻ䣬ϲСزѡ
˿ȥ
ʱӴɫУ͵³һͰ͸˿ÿһ˿ֱ۴ϸճͣһЯһ޾ƣԻƳգų̨ķϯȥ
ಡ
ͬʱǧƵı˿׷״ɫĿ֯һŵģų̨λϯȥ
޾Ŀ⣬͵شӱ˿֮ϯۻңͷĿѣ
һˣ׷񣬽˫±Ŀı⣬Ϲ˫ۡ
ȣ
˵ʱʱ죬ٻһΣٶȻָΣţһеĹȻΪһ⣬Գɺϯȥ
ϡƽĹȣϢ׹ɺ֮УԭΪ̾ͻᱻƬ˭룬˾㵵һĻˡ
ڹ׹ĵطһκˣָ̼мϿҲƵسɢɣֹͣ
˻
һĻ󣬾֪СزĸףĿõ״£Ծ鲻Խصһ𺳵ˡ
Ҫ֪ڳ̨Եֲ龳ĸ֣ҲóȻУһ׹֮˵ҲҪܴˣڣ֮ݡ
ƽ￪ɽͨڳ̨Եֵһᣬɳ̨ժµı죬ҲΪ޸֮ķӡ
ӿȵĹ߿ķУҲ׷ʧ١
ʼգһʱ䣬ԭҵĿռ䣬̱һƽȶĿռ䣬Ϊʺʵǡ
ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱ˿۶ɵţ˳ճڳ̨ĵײ
ಡ
ϮԭҡҷĻ䣬ʱ紵ɢһεָ£ɿػ۳ӿɰٻı˿֯ɵ֮ϡ
̼䣬һޱľ󣬳˵֮С
̨ײһճĻڰ͸֮ϣէһĻ۳ţһǿҵӾԼһϢС
Ư
Сزѱǰľɫˡ
лʩչ˿ţ
Сزĸ׹ҾŻص֮ϡ
ʱСزһˣ׷һ·ӣ˰ٻ
ˣŵ񣬶ʱһ˿˵ĳζȻΪŽƾһ֮ٳһȶʵǵ㡣
ֶΣݹ컯ɾҲͶһұ޷ֵꡣ
ΨСزĸŮ֪һУŵı˿ûһĹϵȫΪɫʯƬ
Сز׼𣿡
СزĸһؿСز
СزһţŰٻţص˵ͷ
á
Сزĸ΢΢һЦһ£̲ȫػٶʵǳ̨
ʱڳһˣ׷ƷɣӸԵǬͳһöö졢ʯʼô
Сʱ䣬һټķöɣֵһǣڲǶżС͵Ļ󣬴⿴ʵ
ţȥˡ
Сزתͷһ񣬶ʱƣᶨƵ̤˰ٻš
ŵ˵ͷ
ţ
ٿأСزĸһ͵һذδУһӣһҶ
һֱӴӷ֮УƳһֻȭͷСĽɫ档ģжϣƺ컯ɾΧشպĽ׻ȳ档



1088 Ӱħ粽
ԭ֮еĽ׻ȳ棬͵رȳŵøεѣһʳҲƵز۷͸ڸƵʵĲ£ֻõһӰ
ͬʱлϵطһ̶ĳ
ǺǣһΪ˭ڸԭֻһֻϡƽĽ׻ȳ棡
ŰеĽ׻ȳ棬ΪɳĮСزĸףɵһţ͵һ͸˿ɿسŽ׻ȳϯȥ
׻ȳֻ֮£׼ȫӴܣϧɳĮı˿ǰûܵĻᡣ
һ׻ȳֱӱ˿Юúһ廨ӡ

Сزĸ׽һ
ʱڽ׻ȳϵ˿صһ鿪Ž׻ȳ棬ҲķѣƱȼı˲䱬ѿ
Ӱħ粽
ͬʱڰٻϣСزȫŰٻʵǣٿأʩչһĲһΪ˰ǧɫĻӰζ䣬˳˳̨ĵײ
ǺǣСزΪǧѷİ룬츳׿ݹ컯ɾ飬ܹСزᲢ۵ĴڣҲָ˵ˣɫʯƬڣ̨ѹҲĳ̶ֳϱһЩţСزһΣһܹ˳µϵھŲ̨ףһǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
Сزĸ񣬰ȭͷ
һˣΪٻڣҲһϾŸ߿еСزᵽɤ۵λá
ȣ
ڣ˽ƵĿУСزʼֽŲõسŵһ̨ʵǶϡ
˾ȵǣСزʵǳ̨ĹУǳ˳˵ӣþͺһֻɽףಣʱ䣬ʵףһ̨ףҲֻм׵ľ롣
һĻڲɽĵӿˣһᾪȵýһ˫Ӷɳ
Ҫ֪ڲɽʥ˵ʵǵһ̨ףͷǳüѣֻǼëǵ֮ӣ˳˵һ̨ס
ʥ߾ĵӣʵǵһ̨ףҲǳѣһ˴ԪνǾһʽĿ顣
˭룬ΪСزʵǳ̨ĹУȻޱȵд⣬һ·ʵǶϣں԰ͥŲһһƮȻɵĸо
ǺǣΪ룬ûʧ
Сزĸ׿ͷڳޡ

һߣһˣһʱ֮ٶ̣ѰҺʵʵǵ㡣
Ȼ˵Ѿɳǧֻ׻ȳ棬ȫʵʵǵ㡣ǣһҲûһи͵ĸо
˵׻ȳȻڶ࣬ͬһʱڣĵռ䣬ҲҪӹǣ׻ȳ澳£һ˵ЧʱҪöࡣ
׵˵ʱʣ޼ò߾ȫ
Ȼûһ˼ãĵȣ͵زһʳᣬޱ˷ܵ׵ǰ·衣
ţ
͵ͣ˽Ųһŵȡ
ϷҹֵˣҲ׷ͣ˽ŲһŹֵס
ʲôڰǧ￪ĵطһʵʵǵ㣿
һضŵȣú»
ţ
ҵһʵʵǵ㣿
ৣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵׵ϡ
뵶ȽһζݵĽ֮תһԶƵ˷ܣλֵܣȸǴһĺϢ
ڶϷǧĵطҵһʵʵǵ㣡

δ䣬֡Ϸҹˣȫ˷ܵ㵸һȸԾƶЦ
һ·շת棬ûҵʵʵǵ㡣û뵽ǧֻ׻ȳһųȥûжã˺պս
͵һе罣һΣ׻ȳ´ˣ
ǺǣҲ
ϷһȲش궯˫֣֣²˳٣ǸϽ·ǰʵǵ㣡Ǳ˽ȵˣⲻһս
˷׷׵ͷ
ҡͷһЦȻ˵׻ȳ˳ҵһʵʵǵ㣬ӵȵõϢжϣƺѾ˽ȵˡ⣬ʵǵλõĽ׻ȳ棬Ѿ¶٣˸ɱҪõ׼ȷλãס
ڽ׻ȳ֮ǰŵķλͨմ֪˵ȣڣҾõȸ·ȫϸʵǵ㡣
״һӣܷλעϢҪõ˷ǵ١
ڳһ˵ȣ׷ϢׯƸˣǽϷıУϺȡ
ಣಣ
ţڵȵ֮£ȫŶϷһ·ӶȥȻ֪巽λų̨һ·ӣܻҵ׼λá
Ϊֵʵǵ㣬Ѿ˸ȵˣԣһս⣬ÿһ˵ɫʮϾҵġ



1089 ü
ֻأҹ档
һȫػڳ̨ıԵȫʵǳ̨СزಣҹĻҰƽһɳǵĺ⡣
ػڳ̨Եһ壬ȫȻûһ˿һиһӣȫ䡣
ҿ쿴СزѾ˳˵̨ף
ʱһˣһһܵضų̨ĵ̨ס
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽ڵ̨ϵСزһ־ϲ
ǺǣСزȻһ̨ףУûʲôͣϢˮƽʵǳ̨ʥУҲǷëǵĴˣ
Сزĸ˫˸˸ͷ
̶̵һʱ䣬Сز˳̨ףм伸ûʲôϢͣ٣ˮƽ˸е𾪡
ߴʥӣҲܹСزᲢ۵Ĵڡ
Ѱʿ˵ÿʵһ̨ףѸٽõһȪգڶ̶̵ʱڣȫָĵԪΪʵһ̨״
Ͼʵǳ̨ԽϣʵǵѶϵԽߡΨоȫָԪлϵھŲ̨סóȻӻ׳ߵ״
Сزһ̨ףУûʲôͣ٣ҲӲ˵СزԼʵǳš
˳ϵ̨׵СزƮȻվڵ̨֮ϣͦǹӶһ˫֣ϵسһк
Сزʵǳ̨һʱϿһȪָԪԽʵǵѶȾͻԽԽߣ
СزĸЩģһ
ĸ״ˣҾȫһϾŲ̨ףСزһŸʵظһг
δ䣬һˣɵһ
ԭΪСزһ̨ףѾǷǳֲˣ϶ǽ߾ȫ֮ĳɹ
˭룬һ̨׵СزȻһû˵ӣңԿһϵھŲ̨ף
ʲôĺ׳־
Ȼš
ಣಣ
ͬʱҹĻУһͬһ㣬Ϣسһ𽥿գһλãͣ
룬Ԫʿ˵ȫƿ֮Уһȥݳϣ˺֣Զ϶֪
ˣ
״һӣͣ˽Ųһʮ״ϸĹľ֮һ˫ӣʩչѰۣ˸˸Ź⣬￪ľɫ̽һ
Щˣжϣƺߴ˵һϢ
ī΢΢˫ܿжϡ
Ϸҹֵˣһ³һ
˵µĵˣߴһʵǿ񣬵֪ռʵǵߴǲеҡ
ܹʮˣж붼ԪΪʥʿֻЩֵһᡣ
ΪеǵṈ̀޷ѩ׵ţ
īһϾϸжŵ˵
ϷɵΪ֮һѹɤʵǰǸţĪ龳ĸ֣̼䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫĿ˸˸ؿ̱ϵţҪһ̽ǳϧûһ˿Բ̽ʵֻоһ޾̶ڲƽһعܵĸо
ܵһƵĿ⣬ī֣صص˵ͷûɲţҶԲ̽ǳҸҿ϶һһ龳ʿھʲô磬ҾЩ׼ˣ
һԿ϶ǣҵʵҪսʤ֮ʮã
ī벻Щɥ̾Ϣһ
˻
ʱӿЦһͷɥĬ
ͨһʱĽӴ˶īƢԣҲ˽⣬֪ī벢һԷų֮Իʾʰ·磬϶Ϊ̫
ǸţʿȫвֻҪǸɲڣǾûлʵǵ㡣
ײüͷһãʵǵ㣬ڶʱڲʧǴˣ͵Щһ뿪֮ٽʵǡ
֡ҹϷˣΪȻص˵ͷ
ȻʵǵѾ˸ȵˣһ˵ʵֲԽʵǵռôֻоʱһ御뿪
֡
أī촽˫֮¶һĨ֮ɫƺЩŹ֣Ȼҿ͸ǳǣȴܹܵϢǳ΢һɢˣһֲˣʱп徣ݺȥ
ţ
ʲôǰ˵Ԫûжӿɻˣ
Ϸһľϲ
ȻѾɢʱпܼݺȥô˵Уʵǵ㣬Ͷһ˿ᣡ
īüͷЩ׼ȻҵĸоǣҲųڿԼʵϾӵŷǳǿʵȴϻļһڡûǰ䣡
ţѾԪʱ徣ôţһڳ̨̫õʱ䡣
īһƶ



1090 Ʊ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
Ȼһʣʱ䣬Ѿ޼ǣ׼£ûǲҪóȻԷƴһЩòʧζ
ȫԾ䣬غʵǵĸŻ
ֻҪһ弰ʱ뿪һ˾ͻʵǳ̨Ļᡣ
֣֡
񣬷׷Ϣʱ򣬶ҹȴ΢΢ҡԴüͷ壬ƺʲô£ĽһʱԴ򿪣طǸоʲôطԾһʱҲʲôŹ֡
΢紵ľۣһ˶￪Ĺľ֮һϢҹĻ֮£һʯһˣԲ
ǿ쿴ڵ̨ϣƺˣ
ٿأ˼ܵķ֣ͺһָ̨ϵСز
ʱ˵עȫСزϡ
ֻһʵǳ̨ô
촽д󶨣Ǻǣֻһʵǳ̨˶ǻĻôò˶õʱ䣬ͻ뿪
һʿ˵û̫ʧһ㲻ᷴʵǳ̨Ͼʵûзʵɱ䣬Ҫٳ߸ͷһǳѡ
ԣһСزʵǣôһˣпܻ뿪
Ͼ̨ıԵشǳΣգɱ߮ɱʿһʵա
Сزʵǳ̨Ƿȱһ̨ףѾǼðյΪ̨ף㻹һһӡÿһ̨ף;գԪ߾ȫһܹǱȫ
ĪΪһʱ³ç⣬ʧһǫ́Ͽɵľѻᣡ
ʱСزĸ׷ˣըףԪĿ£ȫ˳̨ϷСزĵطʲô
һ˳Сزʱ̾Ϣһһͷһ޿κεشӦĸ״ˡ
˵ţϥʼһȪ
һʱ䣬һŨʹСزеȪӿСزУȫλ
ûУ
￪⣬ֶ΢΢ʱһĿ࣬ǸСزŮȻһ̨ףʲôʵδҲ̫ˣ
ϷҲһпСز񣬶һ˿ηңСز̬жϣƺĸһٶܹϸߵ̨ף
ڳһ˵ȣȫһпе𺳡
Ǿþɳʶī룬˿ҲǵɴһСͫףСزӦʥ쾳ΪʿУܹһ̨׵ģνǷëǡÿһˣŻǫ́ϿɵĻᣡ
û뵽ߴС֮ӡȻ˵츳Ѫߴбƴ
īĺ鲻Խش
ʲôǰ˵СزŮкܴĻᣬԻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
Ϸһجģһɥؿī롣
֡ҹ˵࣬Ҳһ˲ᵽɤ۵λá˿ÿһܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣǴ˵еĴڡ
ӵɲļҲûʲôǫ́Ͽɡ
ڶʥ֮УҲֻųһ˿ϣ
˭룬˾Ȼһϣǫ́Ͽɵ
Ƕôãļʣ
Ͼ컯ɾ飬㣬ܹǫ́ϿɵˣҲһ˸
һ˵Сزܹ˳ǫ́Ͽɣһجġ
Ͼ˴еĿģҪһٻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡ
СزȻһôҪһĻᣬͻøã
Ͼʶӵ˲ұУӶճһĻ棬ʹŸᣬȻ
⣬Сز˳˵ھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӡôԲʮɵĳ̨ƱҪһһ˺òҵһʵʵǵ㣬Ҫһ
һ˵ͺ˶ͷһˮͷź
ҲҪš
ҧСزŮŸոϵ̨ףܷ˳ϵھŲ̨ףһ
˵ˣڸǾԲ˳ϵھŲ̨׵Ļģ
׵ӹһĨ
ҹϷֵˣһۣǰͷ
µѾʮʡ
Сزû˳ϵھŲ̨ףôһ˾Ͳױ¶Σȵһ뿪֮󣬲Żѡʵǳ̨
ǣһСزеϵھŲ̨׵ƣôһ˾ͻᱻȳֹ֣СزϵھŲ̨ס
Ȼ˵ЩսթпѪȣǣڽǿĴַǰκε¶ٿնġ
Ϊһʱʴʵǵ㣬ôһˣҲ޷컯ɾûлʵǳ̨õ𻯳ɵĻᣡ
κһҪõɵʿ˵޷ܵʵ
Сزϣ㲻Ҫǫ́ϿɣĻҾֻг֣ʩչ編˺ѿռ䣬뿪
ʱ򣬼пܻᱬһѪսɲҪģ
΢΢˫ޱȵƽ



1091 
һʱ䣬Ϣĸо
סϷҹˣһȫעضھСزɱء
ΪСز϶ץסʱ䣬ȫָԪʱ˾һĻˡҹ棬ڵڶĳأոصʱ̣Сزһվ
ˣڳصĹУһ˵ߣһųСƳˮܽһ㣬鲻ԽΪ֮
ò˵ЦòСزѵһǵļ
ѵõһ˫ˮУʱ¶һ˿峺Ŀ⣬һĨ龫ֵЦ⣬κһ˿ˣҪЦ֣Ϧĸо
һƯŮ
ҧҧ촽鲻Խ̾һܿ⵽Ϸİͣ۵ֱ졣
ĸ״ˣѾȫָˡ
ƺԤеΪɳĮĸףѣСزȳסĸ׵졣
СزŲһϵʱ䣬ͳ׻ָˣ
Сزĸ׽ŽɵСز
Сز¶һĨЦ⣬ĸ״ˣôǰſڿأ
СزҵߣʲôʵһڣȫԽķڶҪָֻţķ
ʱ̱ϵţƺ߶ͣСزĸףУԿ
ǣš
СزĸףʱҾҲҶࡣ
һţվڵ̨ϵСزɵ̿ЦƺһֱԼߺָֻŵĸ׳ԱҲһֲɶõȤ
Сزɣǫ́Ͽɣʮþȵ顣
ΪٻٶȿСزʵʮġ
õģš
СزһЦͷţֽŲãһֻɽһΪسŵĲ̨ʵǶȥ
ಣಣಣ
һգ۵ĹСز׵ľ룬дغԼҺ԰ͥŲ
⾪׵һĻһ˵Уɵһʯǧˡ
Сزʵǳ̨δҲ̫ˣףֱһ
Ϸ㽫ͷҧϡ
֮ǰһСزһ̨ףŽɣɵð塣
һп
֪ڽʥܷ֮ϵھŲ̨ףСزһɵʵǳ̨
񰵰ȭͷ
΢΢üһĨԤС
˽ƵĿ£Сزڶ̶̵һյʱڣ˳˵Ĳ̨ףʮɡ
ţûκεͣϢСزٶȳŵ̨ʵǡ
ΪСزĸ׵뿪Ȱ裬һſڣͱͣԵŲ
ʵϣΪٻţҪںСزĳɰܣһϣСزܹһһӡǣСز״̬жϣʵǵĹУȫ״̬ûиܵ
һֽСز೤󣬶СزʵһһСز״̬ʱɣгҲͲٿСزţһһӡ
СزδҲ̫ˣϵĲ̨ףȻĲһͥŲĸоҪ֪ʿҪϵĲ̨ףһûܳɹСزе
Ϸһп
˾İѻ֮ܿܿ⣬СزҿΨһһһĴڡڣСزѻܿܿҪһ
ҹһϾ
֮˶Сزνһȫµ֪ԣڽУҲûһʼԵĿ࣬š
̨ףСزֻķһʱ䣡
̨ףСزҲֻķһʱʱ䣡
ΪСز϶ڵ̨ϢʱСزȻȻѡ˼ʵǣ
һĻһ˵Уͺײ´½һֱַĸо
һˣһҲڱıԵСزǿһ
СزĸûסٶȳҪСزԭϢϧֻ˵һ룬ͱŸˣǺǣҵŮҪʮ㣬ҪˣҪߴڽ£һΣһҪȫµ˿ҵŮǶô㣡
ڡ
ʵǵ̨߲׵ʱСزٶȣ˲併һΣڹܣţҡ
ʱȫϢһϣϰֱġ
ǿ쿴СزٶȣüΪٻƺѾҪɽˮĵزˣ
һϲ
ٺ٣СزδҲ̫ˣһϵһ̨ҲͰˣȻһ̨ף
˭룬⻹û꣬Ȼͣ٣ʵǵ̨߲ףΪ죡
Ϸһֻ
ȻûϷһİȻЦάֶãųеһĻ󣬾ɵۡ



1092 ֲķٶ
ȣ
˽ƵĿУСزٿؽһ˵ʱһɶز

һʱ䣬Сزԭ𪽿ۣƳˮܽصļɿرƺŷɣȫһƬ
ͬʱһƬС͵ħƣСزͷ֮ϣħ֮У̲һǺӣڲԳһƬأ޾ʥħ֮ϯ糱Ԩƺ
쿴СزҪʩչ츳ˣ
СزһӵĲ̨ףϵ̨סʵǵ̨߲׵ĹУҪȫԸ𣿡
һˣһ࣬۷׷ס˫֮У̺һĨε˷֮ɫ
ƺڰ츳ܣǳڴ
һߣһˣڿСزɱһ˲䣬ɵõһһɫ䡣
ǿ쿴ǸСزƺҪˣ
־ͨͨڶ̶̵ʱڣСزƣͷҡֱϣһ·˺üΡ
û뵽СزȻеûչֳɲ⣡
Ϸһп
ôСزı壬ƺʲô룡Īǣһˣ
ҹ˼ܣĿһӾ˹ؼʡ
룿
ԣڻĹҵķ֡ˣȫһͷءȻһ岢˽⡣
ԭһ콾ô
ʱī΢΢˫СزٻӰһЦ˵һ壬ҵšδ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫתͷһĿ˸˸ī룬ڴīĽ⡣
˵һ峤һֻٻ룬츳Ѫ޲ޡߴкպİҲضã
ңֻٻ룬ǵһɽ񡣡
īһһʮ
ľɵõһ
꣬ҲһС䣬ʥȪޱ޼ʵ컯ɾε˵ڰٻһЩ¼
ʵϣٻһ쳹컯ɾ˲֪˲ԭǳ򵥣ǰٻڳ龳ĵڶ죬˳˳̨ϿɣڵھʮŲ̨һʶӡ
ңòλڱȽελãڣѹ𾳸֣һ컯ɾΪ֮䶯
īĿ䣬˼ӿ·׷µĹУֻصǸɫʵ֪ߴ峤ֺٻݳ֦Ҫٻ£ΪáΪߴͬʱ׷ٻ룬ԣһһˣ
ס񡢶ҹˣȫĳȡ
ǰٻѡһ
Ŀ˸˸
īЦҡҡͷ˸еǣٻȻܾе֦ûͶκһ˵ٻҰķǳ󣬲ʾþ¡Ŀ꣬һֽһߴ࿹ĵڰ˴
˻
һΪ֮һÿһ˶ٻ𺳵ˡ
ǹƥȻҪһԿߴӴţ
δҲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪컯ɾĵشߴһɽɽĺ壬츳ѪѰܹᲢ۵ġңڱ컯ɾ֮󣬷ǵŲ𾳽۷ҲྫܿһΪ
֮£ٻ뵥ǹƥ컯ɾʱ򣬾Ϊʮֵ£߱
ĵشߴλȹ̣У֥СɣҪȡ֮ڳ롣
ٻ룬ƾһ֮Ҫɽɣߴ࿹⣬ԵЩɿЦ
ʵϣٻҲΪ˸˴ۡ
ΪٻҰĲԸþ£ʱſɽɣߴԴԣߴĸ߲еǳޣһʱҲûж԰ٻ붯ɱ˭룬ڰٻŬ£ܿͽɳĮһ壬ҿʼɳĮͷΪܺڶ̶̵ʱڣͷܳ˽ʮˡ
īһп
סϷҹˣſڽ࣬ԼĶ䡣
̶̵ڣٻͷܳ˽ʮˣ
ʲôķ
ֱһ
ѹְٻĿɣߴԣԭٻķٶȣΪֲ䣬ͷܳʮˣǧºܿͽٳһӴţ԰ǧ򣡡
Ϸһ󾪺ȫٻķסˡ
Ȼ˵ٻ츳Ѫǳ׿ǣΪٻżһֻ츳ƽƽġɳĮ롯ԣܳĺ츳ǳһ㣬ʮֻо֮
䣬ȻһӵʮˣǣٻѪڴڽӴĹУȴԽԽϡԽԽһ壬˰ٻ֮⣬ûʲôֵһĸ֡
īһظпҪ֪ʿԣ֮Ψʵʵģһжһ壬Ҫߴ࿹⣬ƾŰٻ룬ûϣҪһܹ󶦵м
סϷֵˣΪȻص˵ͷ



1093 ľ
ҪǹƥһоԶĹϼ壬һǳʵ顣
ǣǳֲʮѾ޵УԾͶ֮ɨһţĻſڿӣӽϹ
ٻ룬Ȼ˳̨ϿɣΪһǳлϳ̨֮ӡ
ǣ侳ΪϾֻ龳磬ߴ۷֮󣬿࣬һĴڡ
˵ƾٻһ˵ʵҪΪڰ˴ȫǳ˵Ρ
ΨԴԴϵӣһʵлߴһϸ¡
ڴоԶŶԣӲڶ࣬ھ
һˣڴڽӴĹУڴеİٻѪԽԽϡ츳ҲԽԽûзչ׳Ǳ
࣬ҲܹΧشưԣΪһ
⵱ȻǰٻҪĽҲ㲻˰ٻҰġ
ʱڣٻ뽫еľȫͶڷܺϣԴԴϵطܺȫûдﵽԭеЧңûаռԴ£Խ࣬ÿһˣܹõԴԽƶһ˵һСĸ
Ǻٻ˷ܵĲԣʼĴӶԴռءԴԼ񣬻Ѫÿһֻһ̥
Ϊ̥ʱԣٻѪƷʣҪ߳˲١УһЩѪ죬֧ɳĮ룬߲ʶȵȸѪͳ֧
Ȼˣκһ֧޷ٻ츳ᲢۣɳĮ룬߲ʶ֧֮оܿͷչһӡ
ͬʱһΧشҲһƬĽɽռ޾Դ
īһһʮؽ
סϷҹָоͺʷ˵ǳ״Уܵ۳ɳһ֮ߴΰ׳١
ϧþչһ壬ߴĵӣߴܵǿвǺߴǲرһʷǰɱһɱʿɱҹһɱƬײ
ߴΧ֮£ٻƴȫȼ˴ԪǴŲʮˣ֮ززӴԺ󣬰ٻ伣Ҳûгֹ
īһп˵һսУٻ˷ǳصƣһֶ񼲣ܹһѾ漣պҪٳ߸ͷһϵͻƽǳ˵Ρ
׻˵ľַش֮Ȼ٣
ҡͷп
ޣߴδҲ̫ˣȻԸٻ룬ҲµʿЦһĲޣΪٻ򱧲ƽ
û뵽һȻһδʷҹ΢΢ҡͷٿĿһ˳̨ײİٻţλǿ쿴ǳ̨ײһٻţʮֹ졣һûʲôֻ֣һķϸһ룬пǰٻĽ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽ڰٻ֮ϣһ糤յ˿ţֻ֮꣬޶Ŀ˱ǡ
ѵ˵˵еİٻ룬ǵǰ
ϷһСУŵڳ˵һЩ¶Ρ
Ϸæ첻ԣεʼ
ûв´ǸϢٵţʮа˾žǴ˵еİٻ룡ī΢΢˫Ŀض̱֮ϵİٻ롣
һٿŵ񣬶ʱһ˿η֮⡣
ѹȫ͸ţоͺһƬޱ޼ʵ󺣣ֺһɲĹžԭǴ˵еİٻ룬ʧʧ
īһզп
ܿ죬īҡͷһЦü֮һ˿ϲɫӴԲ٣ٻھһս֮Ȼش˶񼲣Ҫٳ߸ͷһ𾳽磬ǳ˵Ρ
ذٻԪѾҪߵ˾ͷҪ˶ãͻ徣ݺȥ
īһš
סҹֵˣɵһЦ
Ϣٵ״̬˸еǳ󣬶ŵʵʵЩ׼±Ϊٻţڹʵϻ
²ŵʵݣʱŵʵ״̬Ųɡ
׻˵ձ󣬾Ԫİٻ룬Ҳӡ
ǸСزʲôͷȻðٻǺôų
ʱֵĿ⣬ٶȻص˳̨ұϵСزϣһ󲻽⡣
Ǻǣͺܺòˡ
ҹһƣСزı壬Ϊ룬Ȼǲ֪ʲôεʣǣСزıʣСز츳Կٻ룡



1094 Ӱ
һΪȻصͷʾͬ
ݹ컯ɾܹʥ磬һʵ̨׵ָĴڣּ츳νǧѷꡣ
ٻһϸ£޲ɣ
û뵽ٻԪĹͷȻһΪԼĽӰˡӣߴӣᰲˣ
ҹζһЦ
λǿ쿴
۷׷׵ĵڣʸڳ̨ұϵСزȻȫ˱
˶ȥһط֣ԭ˵СزȻһˣͷϷһƬħƣȫһ˫ͫڲÿһգ˫ܹ޾Ǻ̲У·׽͸
ͬʱԭգ˿ҲһģƴڤĽʬէһҪŵûɢɫ
һǵûˣȻһתۼͱһħ
Ϸһµģ
ಣ
ٿأ˹еĿУīСزһΣ˲ʧ١
ţ
ʲôˣΪСز˲ʧˣ
Ϸͷһľ
֡ҹˣҲ׷දԼ۾
СزȻ˵ƤӵʧˣЩš
ǿ쿴СزӰӲûʧ
ʶʩչѰۣһӾҵĹؼ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽ڳ̨ϵһϸӰ֮ϡ
֣СزıʧˣӰȴڣ⾿ʲô츳ܣ
ҹһͷ
֡ϷҲɶͷԡ
ʱĿһĻˡ
ӰӶˣ
һֱԹʮ侲ī룬ٿ
ʱȫһ׷עĿ
ȥСزӰӣȻƱڻһڶ͵ұ֮ϣɿسϷʮһܶ˼ʮףէһһڻģ
һ׵ط
һʱЩ಻ס̾
ǰ츳ؼˡܹӰ֮УܿĿ˶ԵеĹУһע⣬пܱСز͵Ϯһغ
ϷһϾ
ΪĹҵ𣬷֡ҹϷˣνǼʶ㣬þɳǣСزֹŹֵطȴеǳʣͷһμ
ǿ쿴Сزʩչط֮󣬱ʧ٣һӰȴʮֿ٣ԼܵѹҪ˲١
ѵ촽һҡͷԣһνһݾ̨Ҫ׵öࡣ
һȻ򣬷׷ΪȻصͷ
ѹСزʵ̨֮󣬻һŵ̨߲ȥԭطж󲿷ֵѹ
īһп
ǺǣҪ˵ⰵطҲˡֻİ˶սʱ򣬿Գ䲻⹥ޱ֪֪׵ˣоͲˡ
ĮһЦΪĹҵ𣬹ﶼһɲİӵʥ磬СزսСزʩչطΪһӰӣȫƾѰ˲ҵ޴Σ
˵ţ΢΢°ͣһĸ߰
˵ѰΪѰҳڳһֵܣûܹᲢۡ
ȻˣҪų⡣
׵ѰۣȫѹֵѰһͷȻˣҲѧղйءǻĹŷҵ峤ʩչѰƾѰۣδܹռϷ硣
Ǻǣֻ֣֪һ֪
ҡͷһЦһĪģ
ķ֣׶ͷһˮʱЩƣ׷ʵ֣Īʲô˽⣬ָһ
΢΢һЦĬ
˵ԴСزϣӰеĵһʱ俪ʼ׾ȫʩչѰۣҪһ̽һ̣׾һĻˡСزӰӣȻȫûʲôر֮뻨ľӰһ޶ҪһҵСزӰӣǳѣ
ζʲô
ζ˫ŵʱ̣СزʩչطΪһӰӣɽʯ֮У˲Ϳƾʧ١
ѰʿʶڷֵѰҵ
ӵŷڵĴԽ֮еӰȫգӶСزΣĻѱСز
ҹһСزΪһӰӣ̾ͻʧҹĻ֮Сʱսɵɱ
쿴һгСزλȥˣ
ڷܻĵڣһԵϷɵõͺһ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵̨ϵһӰ֮ϡ



1095 Ӱǧ
Ȼ˵ΪٻţһɫʯƬ̨ڳ̨ıԵƾտٳһʮȶĿռ䣬Խʵǡ
ǣԽϣռȶԾԽ
СزѾ˵̨ף׸߿գŵ̨߲ȫʵǣ߶ȣżһЩУʱϯ
ڷʱǳϡ٣ʮܼСزвҲ
˭룬ɲɣһ絶ķУƫеسСزûɵӰٶ֮죬Ƶʯ𣬲һգۣͷǰ
ǧһ֮ʣһˣȫʧᵽɤ۵λá

ｿŵûɢ
Ψ̱ϵţһĵݣƺûнͻķз
ಣ
˽ͫУСزӰӣ͵һһһȭͷСӰӣһת˲»˶ʮף֮յض˷е˺ѡ
һ죬絶ķУ͵سײڳ̨ұ֮ϣһʱķѣΪޡ
СزӰӣȴչٶȻûһӰʼգûܵһĴˡ
һĻһ˵Уʱ˾κˣÿһĺƽ
ţСزʩչӰȻǧ򻯣ܴСԻûκ״
ϷĶͷʮ𾪡
ӣСزطҪö࣬ѰʿʩչӰܹᲢ۵ġ
ҹʮֿ͹۵طһǧ򻯵ֶΣɱսʱϴó
⡭ôܣ
ԭСزطмһ˵ķ֣˿̲һĿ࣬Щ״
˵Сزطǳ򵥣ֻЩΪǷС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
֡
΢΢һЦķֵļ򣬡˵ĿǰѰ޷ҳСزӰӵ©ҹսý֣Ѿֳʤˡ
ֲɵΪ֮һ
ҲǲٳɣСʩչѰʼϸϸز̽СزӰһֵɫٿȻ䣬԰ֽ
˻
̾һҡͷԣһЩˡԭΪСزʩչӰʧ٣ǣӰһЯϢңӰʮֻҪʩչѰһӾܹ
ȫҵܲ⣬Сز츳طҪö࣡
׵ѣֶСزʵʱһ˽⡣
ɳ죬һȫעضСزӰӡԼĪһʱʱ䣬СزӰӣ˳ص˵̨߲ס
ಣ
Ӱһϵ̨߲ף͵Ϊ֮һΣСزˣƾճ̨֮ϡѩһƴɽˮ߳Сӡ
ࣵһһȪ䵽Сزǰ
Сز̯ƣһεСȪװһƿ֮С
̫ˣɹˣ
似һҹʱ䣬͵̨߲ףٶȣʥʿУʷǰĴڣ
Ϊ츳ŵİ룬ǲͬ죡
һʱ䣬һˣһ㵸ЦΪɹϵ̨߲׵СزȲʹơ
ţ
ĸ״ˣ
Сزվڵ̨߲֮ϣӶһ˫֣Ϊس·ʾ⣬תȦһƤɰͣѵŮԡ
Ǻǣúã
Ϊٻţ̧Ƥ΢΢ͷ
Сزʵǵ̨߲ףѾǳˣڰ˲̨ھŲ̨ףҪܵѹӿֲǧҪ³ç£һʵǡ
ѾõߵȪʱϢһҪץʱ䣬ȫָԪսΪؼ̨ף
һϾؼĵڣҲٹ˼ŵķУСزСز£ܲ˵ؽʵǡ
İɣĸ״ˡ
һȫ죬֮ʵǵڰ˲̨ף
ڣСزϵʮϣûΥּ⣬ֵúϲ£죬ɤ۵࣬Ҳء
ߣҰٻĽӰˣһĴֹ۶ûУǿ֮ĶûУܹ̳ҵ²Ϊһ˿Ķ
˵ǲǣ
ʱΪٻţٿһؿ
ȻһƱһ߸סˣȫëһɳǵĺ
ǣ˵üǡ
æվŵҲҶһ䡣
ŵȻǶָֻΪС
ſСزȫʸ̳˿λã츳Ǳı
֮£ΪɳĮʮǧֻһ󹦡˱ΪСزðٻˡ
ΪСزĸףͿԶСزָֻţߺ
Ϊ˿ֻһȻǶҪϣΨҶǱ֮˾ߣ˿δҲء



1096 Ͻ
ΪСز˳ϵ̨߲׶е˷ܵʱ̣ûϵ̱һϢţȻһɰɱɱȻСزĸף
ڱΪٻſΪСزĸпܻΪСز·;ϵһʯ
СزȻŵ̵Ĳǣ󣬻
ʱżݺȥСز˿ĶָֻţߺƱؽӰ˿ķչ
ԣҪΣɱҡ֮У
õİ취Ȼǽɱ
ô˵ﶼСزĸǵСز棬ɱ϶СزĲ뷴С
ʱƱؽһ
ԲǱΪٻϣĽ
Ϊɽһİٻ룬ȫһ˾ıƣνڻþ¯ࡣ
ֻҪٻԸ⣬еǰ취úСز޻˵
ߵԭҰϣХɳ׸ߵĵ̨߲ϵСز˿ѾϥӻͳһȪʼȫգֶ롣
Ͼҹ֮ڵѹֻᶵͷֶ¡
ʱСزͱȫڰ˲̨ˡ
ͬʱ￪һľ֮һһɫϾüͷ塣
֣ȥɲУĿǰ״ΪСزҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣѾǰ϶ˡʱҪһʶӣѶȷǳ֮󣡡
˵ˣһСز˳ڳ̨һʶӣǫ̂ƱػᷢʱǺòҵһʵǵ㣬Ҫһ
Ϸһ̼ؿס
ʣʱ䣬Ѿˡٷʵǵ㣬Ѱһʵǵ㡣ԣǱҪˡ
ҹһɿֲɱ
˽ƵĿ⣬Ȼʶ̬ԣһƣԵī룬ǰ׼Сزϵڰ˲̨׵ʱ͵ϮΣ
īһ˵ͷãѡʱνǡôСزϵڰ˲̨֮ڵԪģ϶ǳô󡣵ʱǰ͵ϮҪܵļʾҪСöࡣ⣬Сز˳ϵڰ˲̨ףһˣҲϲ⣬ɾ裬͵Ϯľʱ
õīϿɣ׶ʱ΢һţǲþսԣǰ׼֮ǰ͵ϮŹŵĹųһһѪɫ䲻䲻⡣ȡһشСز׽СزʵǵھŲ̨׵ͷ
ţ˺ѿռѷ죬Żһ塣ʶĻұһִҪɱһһôҲ
ʱҪǰĶ
׳
ī΢΢һЦظĵֱ죬ī봳£ûηηβȻһԵĵˣǵİٻ룬Ҳаɡ
ңİٻ룬ѾԪһϢಫ¹˭֣һ
ī΢΢˫һǿƾն
֣أ
֣һΣ˵ʲôҲҪս
ʱϷҹˣһȭͷһ̼ؿףְֵԹս
ֵܵܵ飬ײɵúƣһЦ˵ͷãλֵܡһսǱͬ۹ã빲
˵ţ˳
Ϸҹ֡ˣҲ׷׵֮ϡ
ֵģϽ
ণ
˭룬ʱһֱſ׼ϵĵȣһʳ᲻ϵزš
ţ
ȣʲôˣ
תͷϵĵȣĪҲҪս΢΢һЦ׼ûгɵģһδսҲ㣬֮ǰѪɫôһսѪɫһȣ˭ܹ¸ս
˷ܵ·裬ϲԽ
Ȧ֮ǽ׵ļϣʳͣƺʲôҪ׻㱨
˵
һ뵶ȹʼн
ϷҹֵˣȫһŹֵס
һײɵǰһӺһת͵һĴȣҵһأΪλֵܣһϢҪߴҡ
ϢʲôϢ
ϷΪԼʵ
һǧĵطһʮʿɵɱڳ̨߮ѰɱĿ꣡
һЦ
ʲôһǧĵطɱ
ֲɵȻһһŹֵؿף֣ΪʲôһϢһجģɱڣҪ˳ʵǳ̨ΪˣʼգҪĵ
˷׷׵ͷǡ



1097 ڤ
ܵеײɵõһЦǺǣȻ˵ھ£Ҫɱһجġ
ϾɱҪ񣬾ɱҪʵǳ̨ʿ
˼·طǣҲҪˣΪɱĿ꣬ɱ̨ʿʵǳ̨ԣǶȻʵǵ㡣
ҹɵǰһƺŪʲô
ֻҪǽһǧ￪ɱôʣɱһչɱ¾ʱһܷ˳һ⡣
СزҪ˳˳ˮػǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣǳ˵Ρ
һơ
ʱȫȻ򣬿׵Ϊζ
ԭǴ㽫ɱǹʹɱһ壬ֹСزʵǳ̨
˵£Ҳֻɱܹһ֮ˡ
һɱıְɱʵǳ̨ʿڷһһϾɱ
ɱߴʵߴеľӣҪʵǳ̨ȫԽΧռ䡣ԣʵǵ㣬ɱУȴֵһᡣڰռʵǵ㣬ҲûʲôȤ
һɱɱһ֮󣬲һʵǵ㡣
ֻҪһ˵ȴɱ뿪ͿԲѴ֮ʵǵΪС
֣Ʋߣһơ
붫ҹڳޡ
֣׼νɱϷüͷ塣
ȻһļƲߣԽ赶ɱˣǣҪɱ˳һפأһ׵顣

״һǼȻҪ赶ɱˣͲܹױ¶ĿꡣԣõķʽΧըɱע⡣
ֻҪɱţɱ񶴲һᷢʵǳ̨һ壡
һƶ
ণ
Ȳϵطöƺ׼ӧչ֣Ϊ׵ȷ棬ºͣӶѹѪɫһռĿеߵλ
ȥʩչڤݷϢض׷ɱɱ
ʱī뿪ˡ
ؿһī룬أҡҡͷīǰȻһɱǣɱľʵʮ˽⣬һʮǿ龳ʩչڤݷδܹ˶Ŀ
ҿԳȽϺʡ
׼ûʲôԥվʵĵֱ죬ƿŴ編ƾǿھԵ£ռѷУԣǱɱˣҲ޷󰭡⣬ƾŴ編Ҳ԰͵ϮŻˡ
ǣѪҵԶīǰԣīǰǵĵƣ򲻵ѵ£Բܹױ¶١
ɱûܽһϾɱʱǵϣֻܼīǰˣ
˼άͽǰľƸһ
˷׷׵ͷͬ
λౣءһ
׳ī˹˹֣ʩչӡΪһī⣬ڵȵָ£ʧڻ߲ãԭҰ֮С
һ·֮ϣ׼ûô߶ԪƾǣϵطɱԾһգ۾ͲӰ
Ըܹ
İɣּ࣬Բµģ
֡ҹϷˣһ˫ֺʮš
Хľۣһ·ɱԼĪһյʱ䣬ǧ֮⡣룬ҲصĻᱻһ٣һΣȫʩչӡһ·ͿշС
СزУ츳磬ʱпָܻԪʵǳ̨ԣұҪץʱˡ
ҧأڵȵָ֮£һ·ӡ
ಣಣ
ҹЪصͿշһ죬ڵȵ£һƬɽ֮С

һӻͳһö󻹵УԹԵػָһЩԪ֮ɫָ󣬵ϢͽɱɽһƬɽȷɱȥ
ݵȵָɱɽ֮С
һɽ壬ƣɽʯᾣ¶ͣѰҪɽԽ룬ڳ롣ǣ˵ʮɽ۶ɵɽȫ֮أ֮䣬ͿԷԽʮɽ壬ɽȵıԵһͷ׳Աһڵأɽе
ţ
Ӧ򶴿ߵһ壡
һȥɫ䣬һϾɽе
ټɽУȻϰӰÿһӰİС޳ߣһϸӲĺ룬һ˫˫ӣֱתܡ
ʣȺˣߴкպ򶴿һ壡



1098 ħʨ
Ŀģ˶ţӰ
ӰѰͬĽ˶ţ׸ߣ˿٣һģ磬ò̬˴롣
ʩչѰۣؿߵĺ룬һΪӰһˡ
˶ţӰվһУȫǺȺʮעĿ
ŶӰԲ̽ǳΪҶܹжϳһ
Ŀ磬գ֮䣬Ͷɽеһ壬һĹ㡣
ɽеһ壬ֻԪ磬УжʮʥһϢۻ룬ɱ䣬׸Ҷ࿴
ȻˣЩ򶴿ߵɱֻôʵ׾Իʧ
ãһ룬˶Ӱư磬¶һ龳ֵʩչѰۣҲжľʵ
Ǻʣ龳ĸ֣
Ǻǣ̫ˡЩ򶴿ߵɱУ龳ĸ֣˵һϢֻҪ˳һĸôƱؽһѪս
ʱһϢİٻ룬Ҫսʤ龳¾ûôˣ
һƣΪ
ƺǰɱǳ⡣
ɱʵǿɱʵ̫޷һ幹в
˵ز˾һǼ뿪Ϊ
촽ڵ֪ɱľʵ֮󣬵ʱվ׼뿪
Ȼ˵״еĿ꣬ǽɱһڵءǣ׿ɲԸ潻һס롣
Ȼ׼뿪ĵڣɽΧһȦϥϢһ̸ȴ˲׵ע⡣
磬硣
룬һ˶ţһΣİѻܿܿ˳˳̨Ͽɣ򶴿үʶӸˡֱڳش򶴿ζȥ
Ļ򶴿Ʊؽ澡ʧҺã峤ѾԸվҪ쿪սµʿ򶴿߿ɲӡ
һΣǡڤֵµĺûᣬҪսУúñһõ峤ʶã⣬ҲҪµʿסڤţһս
Լǣ
˵úã
ڤ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ţһԭֵܣұڤƺͷС
׶һʱɽе̸һľ֮࣬Ҳ뿪ʼ̽õϢ
ɽУϰֻʱ˿̣˸̸ڤֵܣǼĬҶ˵һ仰
˵ǾΪߴ֮һ񣬴оԶҲԲӣ򶴿ҪռϷ磬ס죬ʥȪȽΪսͬˣ򶴿߶Ծ쿪սʥȪһӲ
ʥȪȵԲСȾҪˡ
ʱʥȪ֣򶴿δֵܹˡ
϶ڤһĵǡ
ϴڤһЦλֵܣ˵һҽλֵټǵõ峤ķԸҪһҪ£
ʱ϶ڤȫзŹ⣬һŴ硣
ղŶҲ˵ˣ򶴿쿪սôʥȪһӲʱ򶴿ƵռϷ硣򶴿ʨϵһΣ峤ͽʨս񣬽ҡ
ϴڤظĵ졣
ʲô磬峤ȻҪ·ˣ
̫ˣܹӽ˳Ȱ˵ʨսţ쿪սôǾ׹պ۹ͣ峤һǣ
϶ڤɵһЦ
ˣ硣峤ΪҪôҪ񣬽ɣ
϶ڤЩжİգ
ܵλܵܵĵģϴڤˬһЦλܵ赣ǣһΣһɹ
ǿ֪ܲȹʨʨ֮һħʨĶӡħʨɽһΣ峤֮ҳǿǵһ㡣
ţһݶڣħʨζӲֻҪħʨִҪ򶴿һ֮ôսʨʨҲܾ
ң峤ΪԷһ˺Ҵʨݺ񣬾ʨԾܾ
ϴڤɵһЦ
϶õһһ˼ϴ
磬ȻȹħʨĶӣ飬ôû
һ档
Ҳ֮ǰ顣
ϴ󵭵һЦֵܣΪ򶴿ߵɱͷ죬ƽʱǷָɱʵǳ̨ʿһӣԼһ棬ԣǲ֪Ҳ֮С



1099 ؾ
϶ڤȫԵͷ
ȷ
ڤֵܣ򶴿ߵְ񣬾ɱСͷĿƽֵܣһ߮ںĵشɱͼʵǳ̨ʿ
ʮ꣬Լһ档
ԣֵܶڸԵҲ˽⡣
ϴ峤ʲô͸ʨʨȻڿ˵ݺʨԾܾǸе˼顣
϶һϴ
ܵλܵе֮ɫϴһƣһģ֪λܵܣ֪ôϴ΢΢°ͣʣһӡ
˻
δ䣬϶ȫĿ࣬һϴ
ΧϰٸҲϢһϣһĿ¶̰ؿϴڤ
һ壬̰˵֣ΪϴڤУһһʲôջ
޸֮ķӣ¶Ҫɱ˶ᱦĳ嶯
Ҫ֪컯ɾУʮϡ٣Ʒëǣ컯ɾеĵָ
Ͼ컯ɾ岻ͬûеۣɽ񣬷ܴж
ûеۣȻҲû
Ȼˣڹ˵Ĵֱ£컯ɾıؾ֮УҲв˶ڸؾеõ˵
ǣеĵҲָеľߴĸ߲С
ϴڤһſھᵽδЩףһ˲ͽ˵ע˹ȥ
磬㲻ڿЦɣ֪˭ҪǵõһûоԵʵһ֪ϾƥﻳĵҶ
峤ͨȻΪ򶴿ߵ졣ǣҲûһ򶴿ͿŹŵһϸ£ȫʥȪˣ
϶۷׷ס
Ȼ֣϶ȫЩѪڣǣΪ龳ĸ֣ǿԱǣ΢һ;峤ͨһϴ¸ʨ룬Բʵ
ͨҪõһһΪУԲ͸ʨ롣Ϊһ̨ͽɺͳȥ
Ǻǣ˭˵峤ˣ
ϴͷЦһЦҲ룬ʲôı峤ôתˡ˵ˣҵʵҲ޷˳һã
ԣ峤תҵĺ񣬸ʲô
ϴһЦ
һͣڳһʱˡ
ǵֻʲôϵأ
ǺǣǵһƬ
ڣλܵܵ׷£ϴʵƬǴӵһƬ峤תңûж˵ʲôֻתʨʨˡ
ʲô峤һƬˣ
峤ʲôʱõһƬˣ
϶ȫ־ϲҪһõƬķɡ
Զɽ֮ϣڵصףɵᵽɤ۵λãû뵽ڤͷһǼ縺ҪҪ˵ʨ򶴿߽ΪսͬˣһͬԿʥȪȡ
ڣϴڤУһƬ
촽ĳȡ
ܣܡ
ϴڤһЦҲغ棬峤תҵĵƬֻһûʲôȫûʲôʵЧãĻҲĽҡ˴˶ӣҲ㽫Ƭó
ԣҲͲҪߴˣȵʨ룬ȻһΪ죡
˵ţɫҲԸڡ
϶һۣɵһʧ
磬ȻѴҲͲǿˡ
϶΢΢üֻ峤һƬת㣬㽻ʨ룬ʲô˼Ī峤һؾз˵ĺۼҪʨʨһͬ̽Ѱż
Ϊ컯ɾؾأԣССרŵѰʦѰɢ컯ɾеؾءǣЩؾأɽ磬ԣǳ۸ӣѰʿóȻУ
ˣȻ飬ؾظԡ
пܣ򶴿ߵ峤ͨ󣬾һؾҵ˵ĺۼǣһ֮˳õǱ׼ʨʨͬǧѷĻᣬ̽Ѱ
ܡ
˭룬ϴڤһڷ϶Ĳ²⣬ε峤һؾз˵ĺۼôԲὫϢ͸¶κһˣһռС



1100 Ƭ
Ͼ̫峤õһô򶴿컯ɾеĵλƱؽٳ߸ͷһΪŹŵͥĴڣ
ϴڤһƶ
ںĵشߴУʣɾŴɽ干ͬľŹŵʵеһ
ңŹŵͷ죬ӵһƾŵնɱ𾳸֣ȷ˾Źŵһ޶ĵλ
ǿһս֮ҲûʲôŹŵа塣Ǿ졢ʥȪȡ򶴿ߣʨ롢ԳɽǺҲΪηŹŵ

ڤһٿ˵ֻһֿˡǾ峤Ѿ˳õһѰһѵĻᣬչʾСɾеʿ
ڳһȫ־ϲһɴ˫ϲ
ҲôΪġ
ϴڤ˵ͷˬһЦ峤ͨĻһô򶴿ߵͬնĵشľƣҲ־䣡
ʱ򶴿ߺпܳΪΨһܹвŹŵĴڣ
ѹүʶӣİѻ֮ܿܿ峤˿ûдޱȿܵ׼쿪սƺڵȴһʱȫΪ֮𾪣
ֻҪ峤ͨĵõһô쿪ս֮һ߲㣬þԪˡӶžλΪĵشһ
ڳһһ۷׷ףÿһЩƵ˷֮顣
ʣһ£峤ͨĵõһô򶴿ߣĵشľƣɷǳĸı䡣
Щı䣬ʣһŻӰ졣
ڣʨûɾܾ򶴿ߵˡ
϶ҡͷһЦܹ뵽ģʨҲܹµʨ֪峤õһôһҾܾ֮Ĺϵ෴֮ʨ˵ԽŶ磬һ
ʨǷ֮ϵ϶ġ
ϴˬһЦ
ХԶһɽ֮ϣ΢΢˫һϾû뵽ѻܿܿ˳˳̨ϿɣȻΪһĻս
Ϊѻܿܿеһ˿ǡ
򶴿ߵ峤ͨĵõһʵһɳ졣ô򶴿ʨ֣һ׽ʥȪѹƣʱ򣬾һսܣԪˣȻһҹ֮ţǣ϶ḶǳʹĴۡ
ѻܿܿΪⳡսĵΪ򶴿үҹʶӣһΪսܵƷ׳ⲻ⣡
΢һƶϣʱΪѻܿܿһѺ
˵Ȼ첢û̫ĸ飬Ƕйһ֮ԵѻܿܿȴкøС
Ҫһ˸ûлĵش
ѻܿܿ׵һξսУƽɫȻΪһǳҪĶ֣ϧĸо
˿̣һ뵽ѻܿܿΣ׵ΪԺиֳһǿŮԺòɢ
ˡ
أҡҡͷƺҪԺеȫ˦ԺѱҪ컯ɾδЩ¡
һʱ䣬Ҿͻᱻʱȥڴ֮ǰұҪǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
͵߬ȭͷ
ٿһ񣬶ʱһ˿֮ɫҪȺһǱȥ²ôס
ϾڤֵܣҪδػ´һ壡
΢΢üһ˽ս
ȷ
ԭΪǰһ壬Ϊ򶴿ߵɱǷһ壬һϾɱ
ǣڤƬҪǰʨ룬˵ʨ򶴿߽ΪսͬˣǷɱʿͲö֪ˡ
Ҫó㹻ˡ
ҧҧ˫֮УӹһĨ֮ɫ
ಣ
ʱʩչӡ뵶һ·ۣȺɽ֮شϢسԶշӶȥ
ͬʱɽΧֻ׻ȳ棬ɽΧʱ̹עһĶ򣬼ʱ򵶷Ż㱨

Х׺ķСʱ䣬ɳǧ￪⣬ٿͣ˽ŲڴϢ
ò˵ڳ̨ıԵشУԪģǳÿֲ
룬Ӧÿڤעֲᱻ˲׷ϡ͵³һ˴˫֣׼֡



1101 ֮
𡭡
ٿأһХƾմһŰɳѪɫԴӱ챦зӶ׵һǵģȫûƽצ̬
ţ
Ѫɫ׼Ϊնڤ
˫һһȻЦѪɫ
Ѫɫʣ͵ظ£Ϊһ⣬׻һʺ֮УзһʯХƺӧֺǹڵȵǰʾԼ
ণ
ȵʱˣһԺ˸˸˫ҪѪɫһ¡ͬʱһʥϯ糱ƺҪȫѹѪɫ
Ѫɫһ׼֣ʱҲʾͺһٿŴ編򣬾Ҫ˺ѳһռѷ죬ȸʱ֮С
ס֣
ۿսһ׻æһһѵȣѪɫҵұۣһˣమ֡˭룬һ棬Ҫһȫ˼˵ĸܡǺͳ޽ɿԣ
ӽ˭Ҫٸƣ飬Ƿڱ챦Уգ
Ѫɫ뵶ȹ˳ɱü˳۵˱һԡ
ȻˣҪҲԣǣȫûбҪģԸչͨȱȿ˭µս
ĵؿ
ʱѪɫֱսⰻȻ
ѪɫڤΣͽˣϣʧתͷѪɫһ͸ԾԾԵѪɫ´һ
໡
ѪɫʱϲԽ͵طϾ֮ϣϵ
뵶ȣ׷׹
ٿأѪɫĿУ͵һ񳱣죬̺żΪֲʥ͵شӸ߿ϯ䡣
ţ
Ȼһæſ֣Ҳһ׵Ļ֮С
¡¡¡¡
¡¡
ʱһ춯صıԲĵ棬ȫһ޿ӣǧɣһʥ߾Ѫɫܹڳ̨ĸּ
Ͼ̨ıԵʮֲֿԪʿжѣ˵ԲԼǧɵľ޿ˡ
໡
Ѫɫչ֮󣬸£׵ǰһ׼ģ
Ϊ֧Ż֣ûб񳱲˿̿Ѫɫ̺һĨ֮⡣
ȣʩչմڤķӦ
һС
ȶݺݵбһѪɫ鲻Ըؿʼ׻ȳ鹵ͨѪɫǵػΪ˺պս
һȷһö˷ܵ
ʲô
ڤ񳱣ǣû׷ɱѡһ򣬳ʨȥˣ
ײɵʧпһ
ԭϲѪɫһϢʱһطϾ죬׼ٶȳ֣Ρ
ǲڤһһ뿪ˡ
׸һҧʱ˵һӣһεֱӽѪɫ˱챦Уţ͵𣬴ӻͳ˱ǹ
ء
챦УѪɫʵĵͺƺٸһλᣬϧȫΪ
෴һѪɫ׸˱챦磬ʱ˷ܵ·裬вϵطһöĳ
ڤֵܣȻ򶴿ߵɱͷ죬ʶ㣬رǣҵıǹȻ
ҵҪǻ᲻ĸԸطһ
һˣʱǹĹңҷ֨֨һĴ̶ţ׵ڣӿ糱ԨƺĽɫѪ
ʱ䣬һƬɫ󣬾ӿ˱ǹУûһ֦ȫ۶ɵļʸ
֮
ɫƽзϮ׺˿٣죬乭յĺࡣ
ಣ
ڣָһɣ̺޾֮ʸ͵ػƳգžȥƺҪһ񷣬һ

ʱһͺȡ
¡¡һϵеı֮ϵļʸ͵رѿΪһƬ޾󺣣ҡػΣɽ飬٣ħ
ŵһ£һֵؿ߿ա
Ըܹɹ
ǲɹĻҾֻԳһƴһˣ
͵߬ȭͷҧء
Х̳׷ɣ֮䣬һƬã



1102 յ
ޱߵԭҰ֮ϣһߵɽϿգϰֻֻڤ£͵ڿնһʮ㣬ȫʨķӶȥ
ٿأһ쳹صıǧ￪ԶϯڵͿշеڤɵȻһεѡ
ʱһ׷ͣ˽ŲһԶ
̶ֳȵıըʥʿġңֻмǧľ롣
϶ڤʶһ֮䣬жϡ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
ڤɱأʱĦȭƣ׼ɱ䣬磬硣ֱɱȥ˭նɱʿΣ
˵ԴֵˣԷֹһ֧ɱ֮󣬻ûдҪλһϸ£ЩĿޣûн
ڤһļ˸˸Ź⣬ȻЩȲҪλֳֳһߵ𱰡
ʣֵ֮Уʵսڵ׵λãޱȿҪһǣ֤Լ
ֵ֮ʮֳ
϶ڤĬתͷԵϴ
ϴڤɵɫһǳֱϹ֣΢΢תͷбһƺǳʧΪ򶴿ߵҪʹҪһɱҲҪȷ˳Ϊնɱ޹ؽҪʿս峤׷˭ܹеΣ
ڤɵɫһ
ܣû뵽Щ³çսƢԣǵû˿ԽԽб䱾ˡҲͰˣ˭룬ĴֹۣȻ˵⣬Ҹеʧ
ϴͽڤѵشײһΨΨŵŵģ
ʣȻڤֵܵľΪ޼ǣϴڤžԵĻȨ϶ֻΨǴӵķݡ
Ǽ·Ҫ̵ʱڣϵʨ룬峤׹
ϴһӣʱеȫ粽ظ
ȻԹԣ˿ȴǽ˫Ҷһ䡣
Ȼûһ뿪ãţһɽ춯صıҲƵس˷ϯ˿һʱ䣬ҡػΣʧɫ·ħ
˻
ͻıը˲佫Ŀ⣬ȫסˡһٶͣ˽Ųפ
ţ
̶ֳȵıըƺΨʥе̳ܹʩչó
϶Ŀⶾֻһۣٴ׼ȷжϡ
һ֮ǰıը֮ıըƺƴΨʥʿпó
ڤ֪һжԪѪɫ׵Ľ֪θ롣
׵һ֮ǱڤΪֻʥ̳ܹǲɶõİ
֣ⱬѵ֮УȻ̺һɼΪŨҵĽ֮
Īǣսʥӵһ
ʱ˿̣ϴڤҲɵΪ֮ݣ΢΢˫һ̾ž֮ϵһʱĳ
ûһǽ֮ûϵȻ˳̨ԵشĪҪʵǳ̨
ڤһпǣܹӵнʥߴĺĵӣȫΧռʵǳ̨һ٣
Īǡɵɢޣ
϶ڤɵ˫һ
ɣڤ˵Դɱ¾õĺ
硣
硣
ʱ϶ڤ׷תͷϴ˸һĨε̰֮ɫ޲ɱȥΪС
ô
ϴڤɺ촽һζԶеٿһЦ˵ڤֵܣһ벽֮⣬λܵܵıֻǴʥ龳УռơܹΪУǸ˭ظʵܹһɳ죬˲䷢ɱ䣡
϶׷׵ͷǣȻԶơ
Ǻǣ˫ϲţڤֵܣʱҪɻڴˡĻᣬǲúðգЩˣ
һϴʱһĴȣһӣɱȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ʱ϶ڤɵһЦϲԽ
ಣಣ
̼䣬ϰӰһΪ⣬۳ԳԶϯȥ
һ·֮ϣɱ죬ƥȫûڵ˼ȻǶʵг
Ҳǡ
ڤֵܣ龳ĸ֣Ȼûܻǫ́Ͽɣ龳Уǽ˵Ĵڡ
ǲ𾳽ĴڣڤֵܣŻɵĻûηηβĵ
ǻ˵𾳽ĸ֣һչأڴܹٳ߸ͷһ̤۾磬Ӷϳ̨һ𻯳ɡ
ּĴڣڸУҲҪְԵ޹ʵسڻҰ֮СԣڤֵܣûбҪǡ
һϰӰʧʡ
ণ
Զһɽ֮ϣֻ׻ȳ棬֮ವ˳һʳʮֽŵģ
һߡ
һ֮ϢԶĵȣʵȣ׻ȳиմڤһˣǷҸˡ
ͨƺҲܵеĻ̼ʱʳʼʩչմɽΧĽ׻ȳȡϵ
ʱ䣬ȾͷһöĳʳһֲֿʣҲƵ
ʲôɹˣ
һϲЦտʱȼھѪҲƵسһλ÷Ӷȥ



1103 ֮
ȻɹյϹȻҵģһʧ󣬱ڤֵ׷ϣı档
ϾֻԪ쾳Ϊ龳ڤǰֵһᡣ
ڤֵܣһƴ˼ѪһܣȲҪеĽΪУȻȫԸ
νʮϾݲа㵡
׼ֻԪľΪֻҪʩչӡͺҹĻеөһ֣գ֮䣬ǧ֮⡣ңΪԷһϧȼѪɶݣڤҲδܹ׷ϡ
ಣಣ
֮䣬Ȼʧԭء

̨ıԵشһעȫڵ̨ϵСزϣһĿ˸˸˫ֺʮСزܹһٵϵھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣӶü¡
̶̵һҹ֮ڵ̨߲ϵСز;˫³һվ
ţ
СزֹͣŶ̶̵һҹȫָˣ
һˣһһСز
Сزָˣ
ʼһ࣬һСزվһǵСز꺮ů
ĸ״ˣһȪ֮ĵԪѾϣ״̬Ҳָ߰˰ˣʱʵǵڰ˲̨ˡ
СزһӣֲĻָһȫΪ֮̾
üڣһ̱ϵţ̴СزĻСزзִ磬ǣһĶΪͺˡ
š
СزҾţƤسһ
ɫӵؿһţ̾ϢһҶࡣ
ȣ
ٿأСزһʼֽŲõسŵڰ˲̨ʵǶȥһΣСزһʩչ츳ؼûãͻΪһӰӣƹһŵڰ˲̨׻ᶨȥ
̨̨ףԽԽǼնͣ󡣾ǿ֮ŵСزڰ˲̨׵ʱҲǳƸ߿߸˿
ǿ쿴Сزʩչ츳ܣŵڰ˲̨׷ˣ
ϷָԶСز
ҡҡͷΪĽʺޣָֻҲֻлĹʮܹһϸˡѰ˵ʣҪڶ̶̵ʱڻָȫǳ˵Ρ
û뵽Ŷ̶̵һҹСزͿʼڰ˲̨ˡ
ҹһĻ̼֮ɫתͷ򣬡֪ôˣܷСزϵڰ˲̨ǰɱ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһھ٣ϵسȥ
ȴˣҲΪģ˿̵Ϸҹֵˣһֶĸо
ڣոµĳʵʱϷҹֵˣõһϢ
¡¡
ԼĪǧ￪ĵطһ춯صı̺һɽ֮ҡػΣعѡ
ǹӾжϣӦþֻǧ
ʶ񣬼һ˲䣬жϡ
̫ˣѾɱˡƱؽһϷҪˡϷ˷ܵ档
֪ɱʵǷ㹻һϾɱǲǿǾҪȳˣ
ҹأЩƽ
ҷģŽƿһִ編򣬾⣬ҲԶռѷ죬׷ɱԣûбҪĵ
֡ҹϷһŵģīͷɵö࣬һƵᣬֱˮڵζ
ͬʱǧ￪ĵطһΣűǹԳһķӶȥ֮ϣһĨƵóѵİȻЦ⡣
Ǻǣûв´ڤһˣӦѾӿٶȣҪ˶ãͻɱ˵أڴ֮ǰһҪһϲ
׵һЦһ߷ӣһеıǹ
ʱһӿ˳ҲƵӿǹ֮УЯһ˸εѵĿֲƣûһ֦͵Գһķϯȥ
Ȼһǧǣ׵ıǹҪ׼Ŀֻ꣬ҪһͿԲٿؼʸķһ
ಡ
һ˲仮ƳգΪһ⣬һϯ
ȫػڳ̨Եһ壬Ҳע⵽ǧ￪ĶһɫϾҽ
ģǧ￪ĵطƺڼսңпʥĸ֣
̨ڲ֮ǰҪҵʵʵǵ㣬ڴ룬һ£ʵǳ̨ʿޣݷһʱգաΪڳ̨Եشᷢս
죬ȫԱԲκˣӰСزʵǳ̨
һһ࣬ɫ֡
ﴦ䲻Ļ̵̻ĵڣ´סģд֮硣



1104 ƫɽ
ʱһˣһֳַ߶Ԫȫ񾯱ػڳ̨Ե
ԭΪڳ̨ոն֮Сزʵǳ̨÷ǳ˳û˻߶š˭룬һУֻǾлˮ¡
Сزʵǵڰ˲̨ףʮֹؼݲóһĲء
ԣÿһһˣʮֽš
龳İٻأһˣĹǡ
ಡ
ٿأһ⣬ԻƳգֱһ
ʱڳһˣȫŵþɫ԰ֽ
еϮ
ȫػ
ڵһʱ䱬һһͳһɺѪӿһ糱İԪ̳죬ľۡ
ţ
֦Ȼ̺һɽ֮ӣ߲ƣ
̱ϵţ˿̷Ѿ̧Ƥڿʱɵɫһ֮ϣ¶һĨݡ
ͬʱڰϷҹֵˣɵ־ϲһض
顭
ƻײһɽı͵عĤ˸εѡ
ڱǹһ֦ƫеػһķ֮ϡ
һıը֮󣬺ķһѪķ̼ķѣ̮һѻҽˣ̺޾֮ԾƲ΢תƷ򣬾Գ̱֮ϵȥƺҪһģ
˻
ʱһȫһһʧ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣ̤ӰһΣӶеصֵŵǰ
ϡ
ֻһ̶Ľʥ۷徳ƴȫ£ǽȫ۶ɵĲƬ
գ
һ֣һµתͷţʵţû°ɣ
ŷѾ̧Ƥ̲ػӦһʱˡ
촽Ƭ̣˵Щʲôվû˵ڣŲһתһˣɱڵվڳ̨ԵңԶա
ͬʱʵǵڰ˲̨׵СزƺҲ˶һΣһӰֱֳ֮˱塣
ĸ״ˣʲôˣ
Сزһʧʵ
Сزȫʵǵڰ˲̨ףڣˮڣΣᱣϵھŲ̨ף
ɱ¶
ȻƽСزǸԼ߶ŮĹذȴûаٵġ
ĸ״ˣҪҷһλᣬǲսȱܹһν˵ֻҪڣʱʵǳ̨һʱ
Сز˷⣬һš
Сز
ҪСز飬˭룬û￪ڣžͿˣԪµȲ˶ˣһΣΣҪ˳ǫ́ϿɣһҾˣҲܹĿ˵ˣڣ˭ҷ
ٿأŸɱڣӿһױȵĿֲƣһɽѹ˵ͷ˼Ҫ
һˣһŵ񣬶˾η壬Ȼû뵽ȻϢٵţȻӵ˿ֲơ
š
СزƺӦʲôһΣٿŵУ̺һ˿⡣
Сز
ʱٶȳ
š
Сز죬ҲԥһΣΪһӰҲƵسŵڰ˲̨ʵǶȥ
һߡ
Х뵶ȴһʯĿⲻϵʡ
ǺǣҸѾˣʣµľͿڤˣ
һζЦ⣬ӹһĨ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬УԶӰٷӶһɱڣƳ졣
ʣӰȻ򶴿ߵڤֵܡ
ܾЩŹ֡
϶ڤɫأüչ˵ʥ֮䷢սһݣһ׷ɱٶȣδҲ̫ˡ龳֣һ·׷ûܼһӰ
᲻һȦף
϶ڤЩǵ˵׼ҪһȦ֮С
磬δҲ̫ˡ
δ䣬ڤһЦֵ֣ǲ𾳽ĴﵽĻԲԿһȦףҲη塣
һ٣ڤʼҪηηβвһһ˳ˣһɹ
ϴڤ΢΢˫Ĭ˿͸
ֵܵĽŲһ·δͣԳǧ￪ĵطӶȥ
Ǹ򣬺Ȼһڵأ



1105 ľ괺
һڤֵܵӰͳʧããʡ
ಣ
ʱһһĿռѷ죬ƾճĹľУֱӽƬƬĹľԸʱ֮УͬʱһۣīӰƾմӿռѷ֮˳
գۼ䣬ռѷʧԶգǹͦ
ɹˣϷҪˡ
촽ʱ̤ӡһһ·ͿշӶȥ
ڤһһ巢ս֮ǰױҪīһ˻ϣΪ˱ⱻڤֵܲײòԶ·ػǰ
ʩչӡƵʯѰ˸󼰡
ڣһ˵Դ£ڤֵܵӰ֮С
磬硣ǿ쿴ƺһȺʵǳ̨̨Եǿӿݣƺոշһս
ڤɵһ˷ܣûв´ҪҵĽһЩ˵У
һ
϶ڤɢĿ磬ƺܹ͸˵񣬺εؿʼ̽һľΪƺΪ壬ˡǸһϢϸˣ
ϴڤȫĿһ۽̱ϵİٻϣһ˫üչ
ϸˣһ龳ĸ֣ƺѾһϢˡĪ֮ǰս˴Ԫ
ڤզпǺǣò˵ϸˣһУȫʢ״̬£ҶûоԵİսɱֱֵ
ڤ˵֮䣬ʾһױȵĺ
ڤֵ޼ɵش̽һ˵ĵϸʱһˣҲڤֵһжϡ龳֣
ţûпɣȻ򶴿ߵɱһȻ龳ĸ֣
̨ڲ֮ǰոնʱ򣬳̨ӦûʲôʿޣڸɱҲصţбչǱޡû뵽ǾȻܹɱң龳϶ɵľӢ飡
лϦвơԭΪǲʲôΣգ˭룬Ȼⲽأ
ѵһ壬Ҫȫڴ𣿡
ڸܵڤϢһ˲䣬һˣȫңɫٲȻѾδսӣֿƾ׼Դеĸо
һ˵һ龳ĸ֣ѾЩмܲס龳ֻ֣Դˡ
ҴҲܸ˿ˣ
֣򶴿ߵһС£Ǹ赣ǣ
ﱴݽҧ͵ػеɺڳ˹
ɱ
ɱ
һˣʱһҧأ׼ԡѪս
ȻڳһˣǾӣη
һпע
ŲϷӶӰϢٵ̾Ϣһ˽̧˶ǰһӡ
ţ
ĸ״ˣ
ʵǵڰ˲̨׵Сزٶͣ˽Ųһ̼ʧؽ
СزڣٴķˣҲֻǹ̡
ŸСزһĵ񣬡ʵǳ̨ϣ֮ǰܹڳ̨ʶӵʱ̣
СزһΣ̧ͷһڤֵܣݽҧһѪ˿һ˫ˮ峺УҲ졣
š
ڣһֱСزЪ˹رһƺѾԤеʲôȻתرʶȫȫؽʵǣҲûͷһۡ
ֻǷҲƵʵǳ̨ħһ
һߡ
Ϸҹֵˣһڤֵܣһһ־ϲ
ǿûУ˾Ȼ򶴿ߵɱң龳֣
еϲãһǵˣţڤֵڣһܹ׾ٵ¾һ塣
û뵽ɱоȻ龳֣ӣǾͲõһҴˡ
Ϸˣ
ҹϷɵһЦ
֡ҹϷ˵˷ܲͬīɫأüͷ壬ûаļ뿺ܣֻǳһ̾Ϣһս֮󣬲֪Ƿ񻹻˼ǵðٻ֣ǿϧˡ
Хһֳǵ⡣
һһӰڹľУԾԱڣ˷һ˵ԡ
֡
֡
ҹϷֵˣһ˷ܵӵơ
Ž壬սһϽ
īѹɤһ
׻æǰʩչѰۣһؿԶա



1106 ε
Ǻǣû뵽ڳ̨ոնãռҵ£Ȼܹҵһȶʵǵ㣬ǳǵϣ
ڤֵܣھһԼĪʮľ룬һζشһ塣ζƺڿһȺ׵ĸ
ţ
Щ֣
ٿأ϶ڤĿһһضź޾Ͽյһȫ˿۶ɵţ˼ţһѴ󵶣ƾոأԿٳһȶĿռ䡣
δ䣬ڤȫһԼĶ䡣
ʲô磬˵ܹնΪһȶʵǵ㣿
ڤеΪ𾪣ôܣǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷նϺٳһȶʵǵȺһһȺҷƾʲôӵ־׵ͨ
ͬʱϴڤ΢΢˫һϾش͸˿۶ɵİٻš
ϸȥȷ϶ڤ˵һ̨ʮҿ񱩣ûƽƣŵĳ֣ƾնԭκ˵Ӳؿٳһȶʵǵ㣬ⲻòɡ
ͬʱһߵϷҹֵˣҲ˽
ţ˵һʼôֹŹֵĸоһʱҲֹŹָоԴͷԭٻţ
ҹϢһϣ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ڤ˼⴦ʵǵ㣬ȻγɵģΪģһľδҲ̫˰գ
ڤƶûôǵļƻ¾ҪˡһĻ̼⴦ʵǵ㣬һģôһһ屻ڤֵܸϾɱô⴦ʵǵ㣬Ҳᱻ׻𡣵ʱҪʵǳ̨ڳ룡
ǣܹɱУʵǵ㣡
ҹһҧ
ʱһȫɫ䣬Ļҡ
׵ļƻУ׼赶ɱˣ֮
ûϵ״ǵ߸˵ֲִ֪ĸо
īüʼһԲֻǾضս
Ǻǣǻ򶴿ߵɱǾ֮ܣټ֣
ʱЦһ󣬾ǰһŵǰ˵⴦ʵǵ㣬ȷΪģȻγɵġ
ڤֵܣʱһǶһš
ȻڤڰٻűʾɣǣҲֻͣڲ²ĲϣûȫʵϾΪһȶʵǵ㣬ֱһըϢ컯ɾΪ֮𶯡
˻
ڤֵܣһˣҲɫٿȻ䣬һͫ׵ɵúһϢͣ͡
ûϵһˣȻĿӪһȶʵǵ
ζʲô
ζһߴһκʱ򶼿Ժ޹˼ɵʵǳ̨
ߴ˵ԴΧռ䡣
Χռ䣬ߴ¢ϳ̨ҡ
˭룬һˣȻпٳһʵʵǵ㣬ߴвν
㡭˵ģ
ڤһ˼ض촽¸ͣǣǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷նٳһȶʵǵ㣬ǣһЩϺзƾʲôܹӵ˺ŵͨ
϶ϴڤһϢأɫǺ죬Ƹײ´½һһ̰ؿ
ʣܹҳеԭ򣬽նϺͨΪУôڤƱؽºպս
Ҫõͨ
΢ҡһмбһڤֵܣ˵նˣҼţ
˵Ҽŵţ»ǸƵ
Ƥ΢ƣһмڤֵܡ
ڤֵܲɵһЦһЦһЦ
ڤֵܣ⣬þɳʲôĴûмôᱻһһϢϸ˸Ƶ
Сӣ㵹˵ϴ
ڤһζض̱ϵš
ʼգŶĬһ꣬һϢģ
ﱴݽҧСؿһţûӵ˼ʱƣǰ˵ǣҼţΪٻ룡
ţ
ʲôһϢţȻǴ˵еİٻ룿
˵ٻ츳ΪֲǸİܹᲢ۵Ҳֻһֻ֮ǺٻΧܿ伣ˡ
ܶ˲²⣬ٻѾԪľˣ
û뵽վȻ˴˵еİٻ룡
ڤֵܣһٻţһԭƤЦɫʱȻ޴棬ȡ֮һϾ뾪̡



1107 
ڰٻ룬ڤֵܣ˽ġ
˵ڤֵܣȻǵһɽ񣬵ҲӳĿУ֪˹ڰٻִ˵
˵ڤֵܵĿУٻһ棬һڿഫشڡ
ûϵԼгһգܹİٻ룡
ţȻǴ˵еİٻ룿ţ
ڤһ󾪺
û뵽˵еİٻ룬ȻţһըϢǴػ˲䶯
϶ڤһ󾪺п
Сӣ˵ٻţŵĽϴڤ΢΢³һŻ
ڤֵܵĿ⣬ﲻɵЦһأԵ˵ͷ
ǧȷ
⣬СӣҲһ룬ҼţȻܹһնޱȿ񱩿ֲôǣ
¾Ͷ֮䣬ͿԽǸһֻһס
ڽ׼ѾõĻ¶˳
ԭ֮ҪΪٻţɿһնشܣҪڤֵܣڤֵ֪Ѷˡ
⡭
Ȼڤֵܣһʱɫ԰ףϵתŽ
磬硣ǺӲˡ
ǱΪٻţܹնôʵһֲܹ󼰵Ĵڣ
ڤӣٻܹߴΧ£˳ѣҴԲǷֵ֮ܣڰٻǰǻƿɶǲʶʱ񣬵ôߣֻֿԡ
ܣ֮ǰһֱɱҪһϸô˰ٻţôûн֣Ҫùˣ
϶ڤһЦбһкβм֮ɫ
ڤɵϢһϣ촽˼£
磬˵ô죿ѵҪ봫˵еİٻƴһڤ
Ǻǣ˵ٻ龳磬˳ڳ̨һʶӣ츳˸񣬿ϧߴʣһϾɱٻ룬Ȼ˳ѣȴ˷ǳصĴˣնԵһӣ޷ٽߵľ硣
϶ڤһһʮطҲˣǸźƷˣɢ·һˣѾԪҪˡ
۰ٻ뵱жôֲжôԻ͵ʷҲֻһнľˣνƽȮֵۣ֣δؾ
˵ˣܹһնɱٻ룬ͷ׸峤ܹĺһǴһӽǽܵЯ࣬޾ĻԵˣ
϶ڤƺûбٻŸƵ෴ٻ뵱һٳ̤ʯҪŰٻɾ͹
ǡ
ڤֹ
˵öԡ
ʱһֱĬϴڳˣ̱ϵţܹһնôҪǆ£ͿԽǸϾɱ
Ҫ֪ٻ龳磬˳˳̨ϿɣΪϣϳ̨õɵ֮ӣǰ;ϧõδȫߴС
ʣڰٻ޲ܹߴΪƽأ񣬼򶴿ߵǣȴûдһٽǧУţҪ֪Ѷˣζʲô
ϴڤͽһ
϶ڤ˫һһʱ丧ƶЦţ϶ûаΪУŻǣ뿪
ߣЩСӵļƣ
ڤһߣ񣬳޾ɱ
գ
ϴڤһУֱӴӱٻϰ
һʱ䣬ֻһеķһ죬צֻһ£Ҫչпɱ¾
ǡҪ
һڤֵҪ֣ʱз飬˵Ҳ΢΢ѵ֪ɽлƫɽУҪѰ·𣿡
ϴڤһЦɣҲҪΪУ෴ȫԷǳΪѡ
ʲôǳΪѣ
ﲻȻһ
û
ϴڤһƣֻҪٻͬǰ򶴿ߣնϺͨڸǣҿԴ򶴿ߵ峤ŵǣһòٻ󣬻Եˣ
⣬ԸԴЯһ壬һڶʱڣΪһ
ϴڤ͸һ年ճһõͼ



1108 ߵѪӰ
üһ΢Ƭ̣ƺԵ÷ǳΪѣƣŵ࣬Ƭ̧̣ͷӦǺǣ飬Ҳ޲ɡ˵ˣһףǾŹŵʥȪȵ顣򶴿ߣֻһףһ壬ҪһǿĿɽܹ򶴿߽ύȻٺòˡ
ʱֻҪ򶴿ߵ峤㹻һὫնϺͨޱؾڡϣǲҪʳԣ
ϣ
һߣһˣɵһɫ̬ķչŪͿˡ
ǺǣȻԸ򶴿߽ύô²˳٣ھ̣ǰ򶴿߰գ
ϴڤһЦߴٵ
˭룬ﾹǽԴҡúһ˹ģɣһˣʵǳ̨ڹؼʱ̣Բɰ;ϡ
˵ţڤֵȻһЦõú»ǲ⣬΢ȺաԺеǺĻᣬҲһʱ
δ䣬ڤֵܣͲɵһЦһƣ¶һĨζЦݡ
Ǿգ
ڤһмбСӣҿҪʱգ˭֪ǻ᲻ҵԮֻ;ԣ
ҿҲʵǳ̨ˣֻҪ򶴿ߣٻԸ⽫ͨĴڣô峤һǽ򶴿ߵΧռ䣬ôʵǣôʵǡʱ򶴿رأõĻеϮ
ڤƤЦⲻЦȻ׼Э
ﲻɱһЦǺǣһڤĪǽҵɳŮˣҪƭңһǰڲ
ھͿԸ㣬ĶҲȥҲ򶴿߽ύὫնڸǡҪɱҪУ
ҧһɺһģ
ӴǣڽʵĿչ¶ô
϶ڤһЦҡͷԣϧھԵƣûʲôȨǲԸϣôҲơ
˵ţ͵һ֣һһɫƥ磬Я޾ĿֲϢ͵سų̨ķȥ
ٶ֮죬Ƶʯ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫΪ֮һ
ã
ｿһ׼ϧʵȫܹϵҲֻ
̱ϵţһƣɳڵģһ˿ˮƺڹ԰дˡ
쿴СزҪϮˣ
Ϊ򶴿ߵɱͷ죬һ֣⧲
Сز츳طܹڤδܹһ֣
һߣסϷֵˣȫϢһϣĿ˸˸ضŸ߿еɫ硣
顭
һգ۵ʱ䣬ɫƥ磬ͻƳգ͵سӰҶȥǧһ֮ʣӰʱûһȭͷСӰɿ
С
˭룬϶ڤһЦһɫƥ磬תĿ꣬ٶȭͷСӰ
ͻıʣΪ̫СزԶ
ֻһʯıƥ粻ƫеػӰһɽХı˷ӿҡػΣ̳졣
Сز

̼䣬һˣȫһһĿ࣬ᵽɤ۵λá
һߣס֡ϷˣҲĿ˸˸־ϲ
ʣСزǲϮֵ̨˵һϲ¡
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡƥеӰȻ飬Ϊһָ״Сİߵ㣬ɺѪһֻֻһҲƵسŵڰ˲̨ȥ
ʲôҵһشȻû
϶ڤһľȡ
һڳ̨ϣԶʥԼһ֮С˭룬СزȻ˳ش
ʩչһطɿسŵڰ˲̨ȥ
ţ
ʲôط
˻ߣԭΪСزһغ԰ټƵɺɫߵ㣬ɿسŵڰ˲̨ȥһӹһĨ
һߣסϷҹˣҲϢһϣһĿࡣ
⾿ʲôطȻ˿ٵڰ˲̨ףҼֱţ
զҡͷ
˾ĿУ԰ټƵɺɫߵ㣬ܿ˳˵ڰ˲̨ס
ţ԰ټƵɺɫߵ㣬ɿںϳһ壬ûһѪɫӰ
ȥѪɫٻӰȻСزӰӣ



1109 ĸ
ХϰٸѪɫߵ㣬˳۶ɵѪɫӰ֮У΢һΣһȫԡѪСزƾճڵڰ˲̨֮ϣɫһ׺ݵضڤֵܡ
ţûпգСزȻ˳ˣ
ӣǶСز츳ؼ˽û͸СزӰѰӰŷǳĲ𡣲ǧ򻯣ңԽзѡںϣ
ֲ̫ˣ
ϷҹһˣСزֶΣһ޲ڡ
Ȼ˵ֵܲϣСز˳ǣСز츳ؼȴǷǳͣǿ͹۵ĶԴ
Сز
һȫԡѪСزһΣЩ̱ڵأеһЩ·
ĸ״ˣû¡ֻʩչһԡѪһֱѪˡ
Сز¶һĨЦݡ
ٿأӸ߿еһȪƫеСز֮УСزȪ΢Щԥ
Сز㾡ҽЩ򶴿ߵϾɱ֮㻤
Σϣܹ֮ǰɹϳ̨ǫ́Ͽɣ
ʱһֱĬţŮĲ£ѾشվΡΡƷ«έʱΪ֮ۡ
ţء
Сزص˵ͷϥʼһ̲ͣؾ˫գš
ƺСزҲ֪ԼΪȵ񣬾ǻǫ́ϿɣŵԸ
ÿһ̨ףʱ䣬ؾϢ̨ܵѹңҲõ͵Ϯ
ΪǺηʥԹ̨ϵʿǲ𾳽ĸ֣ȫһҲ޷̨ϵϡ
ϣڵѹңԵֵĹ
Ȼֻ죬̨֮ϵСزͽǷƮҡеһҶۣʱпھκΪ֮㸲
Ǻǣٻ룬Ҫô
û뵽ڤֵܣгһܹ봫˵еİٻɱ룬Ƶ˷ܡ
ϴڤ˷ܵ촽Եֵʹһɫ
ʱ϶ڤ׷׼Դʥķ׼һ
ϴڤǼһоűɣа˱Ĵ󽣣һһС
ÿһĽǶһտıʯȥһտɫǳֺһƬ޾ĺ
Ƕڤ˽ˣһһϳ󣬾Ǻպľĸ
ϴڤƾ׾ĸһһնɱ龳ͬʿӶ롣
ϴڤһϳͽĸٻ˳Ȼ׼һˣ
ǿ쿴ϴٻĽ̺һɺÿֲɱ
ɱ밵ħİ׹޼
ʣ׽£һʬɽѪ֮Ĺ»Ұ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһզп
ĸţȻ˵׽ֻоűңÿһƷʣҲֻʥ𣬵ǣŽһȴȰ벽Ϊֲ
ī˿һϾ
һĿһתؿΡΡİٻ룬һ˿ڴ
˵еİٻ룬ӵʲôսÿһ˶еҪ֪
ţ㡭
һ׼ʱһ̼سǰȥһĻ̼ʧ롣
Сزһʱ䣬ֲ
磬ʵΪɣõӿ컨׹ҲŤתơԣҾϹͷ⼸Сһɱһ
ߵϣ¶һĨ˵Цݡ
ǣԪϢ٣޷սҡ
ʱԴҡǲ˹һ㣬ң㻹ûüСزڳ̨һʶӣΣҲƽ
赲ŵǰһľ
ԣž¶һĨԴĦĸЦݡ
ʱ
ɱ
ɱ
ϴڤһӣʱϰֻƳˮһ㣬ҲƵӿһ塣
Уڤֵܣȫ߶ŸԵķԳűΪٻնɱ
ĸն
ٿأһš
һ̣ﾪط֣Լ׹һƬտɫǿ֮УȥһϴƮƮغһƬë
ãþˣ
ｿһæӶеɺҪƻþ
ֻॡһеɺȻһ⣬ҲֱΡ
ۡ
⧲ſһѪһΣҪ̱ڵء



1110 ϻͯ
һ֣ıͱһնΣ˵һش
Ͼκһʿ˵һģǱشôҲԪɢӡ
ھĸİһҪ
ǲ࣬ʥ龳ֵĲ࣬˾޴󣬿֮
ͣ
նɺͬһʱ䣬һһС;ԶԴһԴƱѵϣ˲ķѡ
һʱ䣬İ׵ĽҺŽ津Ŀģ


̼䣬һˣһЪ˹غһ״
ڰ˲̨ϵСز΢΢һƺӦʲôС֮ϣ¶һĨŤ֮ɫһ̣ͻָƽ
Ψᣬӽյ˫У˳ʶ£Ȫ
ȣ
ǲ֪ļһܹҵľĸ£Ҳˡ
һУϴڤֱӽĸٻǰű˴һС·裬ֻ΢΢͸һޱĸܣƺ΢ͻᲽһ磬ޱ޼ʵĻþ֮С
ô
վţƤЦЦؿŽѪģһУһεϯֱӽ˱С
һὫᣬޣ˿˵ĳ羴
ôҲΣΪСزĽֻˣ
Ϊٻţ̾Ϣһ̧ͷ
ʱ˿̣ԭŵŮŵƨһɫ̱ڵأưܼȮһҲƵسԶӶݶȥ
Ѱ˵ڤֵܣɱһĴڡ
ٻ룬һλᣬĲԸ⳼򶴿ôٿžĸڤƿ֮䣬̺һϵ̬
Ǻǣϸȣܵ򶴿ߵأ˻ֲ̿ѡһϹͷҲûʲôüֵˣֻµ򶴿߽ҵļֵեɣҪʹɱ֣Ҳɱ
˵ߴҰٻҲˡ򶴿ߵĻƿСȻ־ܣֱǳ˵Ρ
ɳһЦٿأɱ֮Уһ糱ԨƺİƣҲƵӿԳڤֵϯ
ã
ʲôţѾһϢôΪӵ˿ֲƣ
ڤֵܣֱӱƷ˳ȥһоǱһɸ߷壬̶ֺ󣬾Ͷ䣬˸ָ
ţĿһĻˡԭߵ֮ϣٻţޣȥ֮ϣһƬƬ޵·ڻʵ۵ĺ԰УֺɾأƮƮɵĸо
ֻҪ֮䣬һʻʢҰٻıԪͲ᳹ɢ
Ҫأ˵ǣǲ𾳽ĸǳ룡
һӴĻУĿһĻˡ
Ļ֮У޾ӿֶөһֳ͸ĵɫͬӻ뺣ҲƵӿŵ֮С
ţԭݸɱţܿľ괺һۿӵٶȣϻͯ
ʱ䣬ԭªţͱóһݾŮ۰ļơ
ƴӻ߳һŮ˻㱼ƽһҪͷݵĳ嶯
ڰٻУһһӣͳͬɾƽͣ޶ˡ
˲ĳƻ
ţûпɣԭһϢţȻһգۣһޱȾŮ
Ϸһզǰľһ
ֺݺݵһ´ȣ۵ֱлû뵽ٻȻзϻͯľ괺ֶΣ֪ܷһսʤڤֵܣ
ǰٻĪʵüͷ壬һ̼ؿԵī롣
īҡҡͷٻԪʩչϻֶͯΣ͸֧ʣԪ룬ٻ׼ಫˣ
ײɵõһ֮ϵɫϾ
˵ٻһ
ٿأīԹԵٻӣһ٣ī޿κε³һû뵽绪һŮӣվȻһªɱţڣΪԵСҪԼ



1111 ڤ֮
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һϻָͯյİٻ룬ڤֵܣȫĿ࣬һɫ䣬ԥرŷ޾ɱ
ͬʱһɲԤڶ𣬷ռǻ
ҵģ
ڤɱأ˿һȣ߶޾񳱣ҲƵӿ糱Ԩƺ֮䣬֮ͱһ󺣰񳱸ûˡ
˵ΪڤֵУѪΪڤҲֻлȼѪ̺ġڤ֮𡯣
ڣԸԳ㳢˵Сڤ֮𡯵ζ
һڤٿһһ̣ĿһĻʱӡ

糱һ͵شǻ𣬵ʱһȼȥ죬˲佫ȫУзգ
˾ֵǣصĻ棬Ȼֳīɫڤ߰˷ƣʮ졣
ţҿʲôʲôͨ
һ󾪺Ͷ֮䣬ͿԻأҿڳ̨Եռ伫ΪȶҪ壬̼ܹǧٿ֮һ棡
˵ţڳһ˵ȣ׷֧֣ɫ䡣
ս֮䵽˻һ˳֣Ȼ޾Ļ֮УԲ
ڤ֮ƷʣҵҪ߳üΣ
ҿ϶Żһֻ棬ûɽҪ߳ô൵Σ
Ϸһصɴͫףŵظڵڤ֮
ȻϷ˵ڤ֮һޱıϷҪУࡣ
飡飡飡飡飡
ʱ䣬ûڻ֮еɾ޷壬ͷɿ̮ۻȵҽ˷ȥڡ
ͬʱؿʼ̮䣬ȫԵֵڤ֮ա
ܣȻȼѪ̲صġڤ֮𡯣
һֱֵܶҪȼѪеڤֻ֮Ҫ˳ȼڤ֮ô츳Ѫһɳ죬ڣǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣֵ顣
ϧܵڤѪ̫ϡҪȼڤ֮𣬼ã
û뵽ܾȻɹˣ
ϯڤ֮϶ϴڤˮһ˷ܵڻ֮߮Ҳǵһʶһ
ڤ֮ڤѪһ־ֻҪܹȼڤ֮ôڤͿصõڤѪУ츳ʵɱ䣡
˵ڤֵܣζҪȼڤ֮
û뵽룬Ȼڤʵˣ
ϴ϶ڤǼʣĽǼ֣
ٺ٣磬磡
֪Ϊʲôһ棬ͲͣҪһϸ˰ɣΪǰãոճɹȼѪ֮еڤ֮ʵνһɳ죡
ڤһ⡣
Ȼ˵ոյȼڤ֮˵ɱҲոտʼǣѾ㹻ģϴ϶ڤһϸˣ
񣬸һ֣ٻǵصڤ֮һΪɱУҲҪλ׸ǰչ¶ֽţͷ
ϴ϶ڤһ󾪺пڤ֮Σʮá
ǵصڤ֮ȻʮֲֿѰʿһմȾͺƹ֮˲壬˵ȫɣգջҷ
ǣڰٻƺûʲô̫ǿɱ
һİٻ룬ڻ֮ϣƾǧɸߵĻˣһؽ使ûʼգȻǺˣ
һĻɫ䡣
ǺǣѾһϹͷˣӲҪ׽ǳ˵Ρٻ뵭һЦ޾ĻҡһΣƵļ֮ϣӨ˸˸ɢһʥĹâȥٻͺƴʥ߳ʥŮϾޱʥࡣ
аڤ֮ǰȫûɱ
ǰٻ룬бʢʻƺҲڤ֮ȫߡʻɢڻ֮Уǵûб֮һ棬ڣڳҵĻ֮УûĸϵŻе·ڵڤ֮𣬵һֲɶõķϡ
һԭٻЩήĻֱ̼Ȼʾʢ
Բܣ
ҵڤ֮𣬿ۻǧ黯Ϊޡ񣬾ȻһĻ꣬Դݻ٣
ڤ˳صĴɫ԰ֽһ˼ŻеĽ޻䣬һп



1112 ڤ֮ŭ
ܣջڤ֮ڤ֮𣬷ǵûشٻ룬ڣΪ˰ٻϣ̫ˣ
϶ڤʧһ𱸵Ŀ
ڤҧƽһǿҵĴܸС
ԭƾڤ֮𣬴ɱķλĽ֮࣬̾ڤ֮Ŀֲ
˭룬ڰٻǰڤֵ֮һᡣ
ӣڤ֮Ʒʣ߶ˡ߷߲ѡ
ȻڤոյȼѪеڤ֮ûãٻڤ֮𣬻ȽϵͶˡ
Ҫƾ̶ֳȵڤ֮𣬽ٻ֮һ棬Ȼǳ롣
Хڤͺһӿһεʱ֮ڤ֮𣬺ƽӻ뺣һҲƵسʮëϯ
ʱ䣬֮ڤ֮Ȼʧ롣
Ǻǣô׼ջڤ֮ô
ԽԽĻ𺣣ٻζһЦҵĻ꣬ûأ˸еɨ֮
˵ţֻĸ룬ƴƺҪڻ֮ǰ̳һ
ţ
ڰٻĵڣ϶ڤȫⱩ͹׷ɣ˿٣һսһǿаռ˰ٻҰ
ڤ֮ŭд󽣣
ͬʱ϶еһɫŸ־ĵı͵Ϊ֮һţ϶ڣӿ޾Щһε֮£ܿͷɿۣûһɱӴ󱦽
нɳī䣬ʥ̺һ˵Ȩơէһۣ˵񣬶һԨɱ֮Уÿһ˵ڷâ¶Ĵǰȫֵһᡣ
ֻһͿԲþ
磬Ȼˡڤ֮ŭ˳ٻд󽣣
ڤɵһ󾪺еš
ڤ֮ŭһޱȼɬͨطǧҲֻе߰˳ɡû뵽ڡڤ֮ŭⲿͨϵ裬Ѿ¯࣬˳ٻд
ϴڤ΢΢˫һզп׻˵ʿյĿ࿴˳ϲҡһˣϴڤһҡͷ
ûϵ϶λܵܣһ֣ͶϴΪ֮Ŀ࿴
ǵȼѪеڤ֮𣬾ˡڤ֮ŭհ壬ٻд󽣣
֮£ϴƺЩμ׾ˡ
ϴӵžĸǧ򻯵Ľ󣬾ϴڤֵܵһϸУڲ֮ء
д󽣣ǡڤ֮ŭհ壬̺޾ķһٻ˲ͬʿǧУûκε⡣
ϴڤȻڡڤ֮ŭУû϶͸ǣд󽣵һġ
ʱڤֵܣȫЩһЩȲҪʶһд󽣵
ܹһٲþٻ룬Ȼٺòˣ
ţҵаգ
˵ʱʱ죬д󽣻ûɵһ˲䣬϶ڤаɫı͵һӣбָٻ롣
͡
ֻһѵ˻ϰɵд󽣣͵سŰٻͷ¡
ͬʱһɫƾճ֣ûȰٻ뷴Ӧؽ廨úһֻӡ
ٻһƺѾ׼ҪԴˡ
ϰɵıЯ޾ɱ͵£
һ̣ڰӵסϷһˣɫ䣬ÿһ˵࣬ȫᵽɤ۵λá
顭
˽ƵĿУ벻һĻˡӵˣյİٻ룬Ȼд󽣣׾ٵԴ
ʱ޾ӿٻԴȫƷƮҡеһҶۣڿըкȻѡ
һʱ䣬ɺѪĽһȷѪꡣѪƬɢ俪׹ڵأ津Ŀģ˲ֱӡ
ɹˣ
϶ڤһ֣˳ɱٻ룬ʱ档
̫ˣ磬Ϊе
ڤ͵϶ĻУһܱ
Ψϴһӹֱתƺɤ۵һʯӣ
ţҿʲô˵еĴڰٻ룬Ȼڤһɱˣ
һľϵҡͷԣǰٻѾɽˮߵľͷĻͬʿûз
ԭָһܾ˵ĺϷû뵽Ȼһߵľ棡
ϷƲƲ죬ƺ԰ٻı֣⡣
սŸոտʼĺϷںͷ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһпĵڣԹīڿˣһſڣڳΪ֮һ



1113 
һī룬ǰٻѾǧУķˣѵû
ʲôٻ뻹û
ϷһԲܣٻԴˣʮҲԴ
˷׷׵ͷʾͬ
龳֣һԴ飬ôҲֻ·һûҴĵ
ܵеɻī벻ɵһЦǺǣǶڰٻ벢˽⡣Ҫ֪ٻ龳磬ߴΧǲ𾳸֣ûܽϾɱɴ˿ɼٻжôֲ
ȻԪҲڱϡƽ龳ָһ
īһƶ
ԣϷ֡ڵֵܣһԼĶ䡣
Դ£ܹһŵ飡
һզп
ڳļˣȻīһĭһԸʮ˽⣬ǣڰٻܷ񸴻ȻŽɡ
Ͼİٻ룬ѾǧУǧͼ·ҲΪ
ƺǲµеţī̾ϢֻҪһʻţٻ룬Ͳȥ紵ľۣûīһ̾һĿԶעٶȾ۽ڤֵܵϡ
ʱ˿̣һˣ˵ˣϰֻĿըУȻٱ
һٻ뱻дնɱʱһҲƵس˷ͣ
һ̨£һһʣѪ׷ɡ
̨ڰ˲̨ϣСزأϥ˫գһ̲ͣϢŲʣȫûзϡ
ٻܹҵд֮£Ҳˡ
ֻǿϧûܽٻͷΪ֤ƾҵһźڰǴ컨׹ӿδػǣ
϶ڤһź˵
ܣһ㣬赣ǡ
ʱϴڤһЦָԶеһСӰûⰲŵһ£նɱٻһĻѾ¼ˡֻҪһӰڣû˻㣡
δ䣬϶ڤĻŭţһΪϴ󣬱ϴ˼ѹ
ǺǺǣèĹҲ뽫ðٻնɱƺе쿪
ٿأһƲɣɤƾӿĤƴʴڳһ˵ȣ׷ɫ䡣
ʲô
ƺǰٻ룬ѵٻ뻹û
ܣҵд£ٻѾΪλܹ
ڤֵܣһǰռһ
ͬʱڰסϷҹֵˣҲĿ࣬ߵ
ٻ룬Ȼû
࣡һһͷ׵Ļ֣ƾ߿УһգɢĿı⡣
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ߿еĻָˡ
ʲô
ֵ
ϷҹˣҲһ
ûжϴӦǰٻı֣
īͻȻڣһ仰˲佫ֵܵעȫסˡ
֣
üͷһǰⱾ֣Ǻ
ī΢΢ҡͷڰٻı֣Ҳ˽⡣ǣһ㣬ҿԿ϶ٻԪȫű֮Уԣͷ­飬ʶɢڰٻ˵ˡֻҪһʻʢű֣ͿԼȡ֣¿һٻ
أסϷˣȫĿࡣ
ûϵٻҪһű֣̺еľѪԪǱ⽴Ҳ޷󰭡
ȫһ۽硣
ţ
ŻʮֹŹ֣̺һɰٻϢ·һ̥̣Ҫһոµİٻ
ϴڤһ֣ʧ
죬⻨飡
ɱ
ʱڤֵܣһ߶еķƴűȥ
ݣݣݣݣݣݣݣ
̼䣬һƿϯƬգȭͷСı֣֮ͱ޾Ľâû
ǧһ֮ʣסֵ˲ɵͫ׽ϢΪ֮һϡ
顭
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡǵصĽâȻһ֣ͱһεƷ˳ȥͬʱһɽİƣҲƵ˸εѡ
ʲôű֣ȻƳһ
ţⱾ־ȻǽĴڣҪ飬ǳ˵ˣ
ģ֪ٻ뾿ˣʲô
ڤֵܣһҧһɲԤӿͷ



1114 ľԱ
ûϵԪİٻ룬ȻָƳһ
Ҫ֪֣ǰٻţҪһɱҪֲС
ǣı֣ȴһζʲô
ζҪٻɱǳ˵Σ
ϾĴڣͣҪ׽ݻ٣ǲ𾳽ĸ֣δܹɹ
񣬽龳ڤֵܣȻЩв
ѹֵߴ֣ûܽٻϾɱԭٻıΪֲű֣ͿȽǸĲ𾳸֣޲ߡ
Ҫһնɱٻ룬Ƿǳˣ
ڤֵܣһҧгݣ¶ɬ
ҸţȻܹ
ϴڤһп
Ѱʿ˵ԴһҪҪǳؽػСһػ֮ݡ
ǣʿܹǣħԴݻ١
ϾһЩ֮⣬ѰʿҪƷʣʮּѡ
˭룬ٻȴȫûǡ
Ǳ⽴Ȼֻ̥Ҫûбݻ٣Ϳԡ
ңٻı֣Ƚܹƻ
ҲζţٻǸСǿҪϾɱʮѡ

ڤֵһüĪչʱ̣Ļ֮УϵظһſźөһԪҲƵӿ߿еı֡
ƽӻ뺣һڱֵľţ֮£һʢӿ
ţĿһĻˡɫı֣ȻѿһϸСķ϶ңӷ϶֮һ硣
ɫ磬һӱðͷͲϵҡβȡԴȪ
ţһָ磬ۿӵٶȣɿ׳󣬳֦Ҷͷβֻһӵʱ䣬һ׸ߵɫ꣬ƾӡ
ڻĶˣһ˶Ĺʵ֦ͷ㹻׶ӹʵ֮УϯһƢķҷҡҷߵ
˻
һĻڳһ˵ȣȫĿࡣ
ţȻīǰ֮£Ѿ׼Ŀ֮£ӾȻ𺳣Ա
һп
ɫ԰ףƻһû뵽˾Ȼ֮治У
֪ٻΪζˡţǻĺ塣
Ϸһ
Ҫһµİٻô
ī˫˸˸Ź⡣
ͬʱڤֵܣҲĿ࣬һĿͣɫӲǰľ
ֻһټĹʵ˲俪ѣӹʵ룬ѿһ϶ţһ޵Ļӣһ˿ñɵıɴȹ
ڰٻӴӹʵѿһ˲䣬ϰɸߵĻ꣬ͷɿĿήգʧ١
ʲôٻȻˣ
⡭⾿ô£ٻ벻ѾԪһϢôΪˣ
ڤֵܣһİٻӣһꡣ
ಣ
ĻӣĮһЦವһֱӽɫָ˸Уһ˵֮䣬ֻҪһʻţҾͲ
꣬ߴӢۺ֣δܽҸϾɱС֣Ҳͼ֣
һƣٻӿڤֵܵ񣬾ͺƿ߸ʬ޾֮⡣
µֻƴˣ
ɱ
ҾͲţٻܹϵգٻӸһٴΣǾɱһٴΣ
еڶڤ͵ػӶеİɫҪ߶ڤ֮ŭʩչд
ͬʱϴڤҲ߶žĸ׼ʹɱ֡
ľԱ
˭룬ûڤֵ֣ܶޱߵĻڰٻĴ߶֮£֮Ļꡢ롢֦һšһϵسڤֵ
ã
⻨ٻƺҪǸ廨󣡡
ޣƾһЩݲݣҲҪɱˣδЩ쿪
ڤֵܣִ֮£æ߶ԵıʼиϯĻٻ
Ȼһ̣ڤֵĿһĻˡ
֮УҲֻϴڤƾžĸ˳նһЩ٣ڤƴȫҲδնϻٻ
϶һĪ
ʲôҵĴʥȻ޷նϻݲݣ
ãȥǿҪ廨ˣ
϶ֽţܿͱٸסһɴӿ϶εѡ



1115 ʳ
ǺǺǣС֣ȻͼҾĽǧİٻնϣһЦ
Ҫ֪ϰ컨̺ҵı˿ҵı˿ͣʥҪѣûôף
ŲڤֵܣٻһЦ
ʲô⻨ٻ֮У̺Űٻı˿
ƴˣ
϶ڤһҧͷ־ŭ׷׻Ӷеķƴȫط
Ȼ̶̵ʮ֮䣬϶ڤͱ廨һӡ
еķҲ˹԰ټƵ
磬ǣ
ţҾҲŹģ
ϽǸˣĻ򶴿߿϶Źģʱ峤һǧһϾɱΪֵܶ˱ѩޣ
ʧȥ˷ڤֵܣһвͼͨţðٻһ·
ϧٻʲôˣ
þɳͨԣȻᱻڤɱǡ
ס죡
ֻһͷصͺٻһʱ϶һٻһ˵ĿУһ˵ͷذ˳
ʱ϶۵ҽУƽ˰ڽ̵ܿϴ
ܣܣ
ͬʱٿžĸȫֵ컨ٵϴۿλ׵ܵѾӣʱһƤ
ϴȻѱ˵ԮλܵˣԼȫ߶ĸ£Ҳֻ֧š
ǺǣС֣ǵľѪҸɱĶƤ
űɵӣٻȻһЦٿһΣ޾ڤԴ使֮ӿ˲ʣХɢֻһֻɸߣӵǧֻצӵĳª֩룬ſڵϣһƶɽ塣
쿴ٻٶȱΣƺҪڤζͣҪ̳븹ˡ
һľ
ò˵ٻһֲּԪ£Ծɿѹͬ׵龳֣
Ϸһզꡣ
סī롢ˣҲͫףһð
ס֣
ٻ룬ǧһʱ嶯
Ƕ򶴿ߵĺĳϣǵʹɱ֣һ彫һϾɱ
һٻǧֻצסӣ׼ڤɿ븹СϴڤʱЪ˹غ
ΪһֵͬܣΣؿλ׵ܵɥȪ
µȻвң
Ұٻ룬ǿţߴĲ𾳸֣ûܽءѵһСС򶴿ߣ
Ӵ룬һЦƵƺӴһ쳹ϡ
㡭
ϴڤɵϢһϣѽѡ
С֣㲻żֵ̳ܣܿͻž۵ġļʮצסһӣĿ͡
һĻϴڤѪӿŵÿҪ̱ڵأҪǰֻҪԸҵֵܣԸ⽫ĸ׳ѪģԶѰ𱨸
ôϴڤԹԵؽһӣ˿֮С
磬
һҲƵϴԺ֮Уһϴͷʹѡ
ϧ״֮£ϴҲ޲ߡ
ֻһǳ֭ˮСһҧ֭ˮĽټһӣĿҧ£ܿѪģһ̲࣬廨ڤ˷Ъ˹ĲҺ֮⣬
ܿ죬Ŀҧ֮£ҺȻֹһغ

ܣ
ϴ϶ڤȫѽѣ˫Ѫ
ţצֽͣһӣŷĿȥƺ׼Դ븹
ģҸƴˣ
ϴڤҲܲסĻٻҲƵش߶žĸӴնɱ
û룬˫˫ţͱһٸˣƾأǰһ
磬ӣ
Ҫң
ڤֵܣһҪһе־õɣ
ٿأ϶ڤ׼
ס֣
ٻ룬ֻҪҵĶܣԸ⽫һƬ׸㣡
ǧһ֮ʣϴڤٶȳһն޷˵˳



1116 žŹһ
Ȼ˵ڵƬ飬ϻܣ¹شζ͸¶
ڤ֮ʣȻҲ˲ôˡ
ϾƬٹأҲֻ֮
ֻһ
ʧȥˣҲѰء
ţ
ʲôһƬƬ
ĶʱΪ֮һͣƵһɭ˫ڤҪһۿ͸ڤġ
Ҹ巢ģ˵ĻǧȷûһٵġֻҪԸҵĶܣ̾ͿԽƬ׳
ϴڤһϾ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣɵΪ֮Ȼһۿˡ
ţʲôڤУȻһƬ
û뵽һ龳ڤȻҪı
ܹеĵƬΪУͺˣ
ҹ֡ϷˣһƬֵһ˲䣬һɫ䣬һ
Ȼȫˣ
ϷҹֵˣǳǸī룬ʱҲһ죬ԼĶ䡣
λ輤
ʱĳһһʮýڤеĵƬ̺һ˿һķ˵ôԣֻһȨƵˡ
ҹϷֵˣȫüͷ壬һɻؿס
һԼ֮ǰ֪̽ѶϢ޾ϸظ֪ˡ
ʱϷҹֵˣȫéٿڵƬҲٳ̰
С֡ڸûи״
ãʸ̸ô
գһĵҲδػɹʶΪһԪ˵ǿԻɵĻĵرҵУһ޶
˵ţʮֻצ϶ڤһӣУϡá

ϴڤֻͷĿѣ˫ŷЩӸ߿׹־ܡ
һӣһ׵׵ķӡ
ʧȥλֵܣڤЩٱ
ֵˣ
˶ɽ룬żצɿسڤһԹ˫ٻ
ĸǬת
ǧһ֮ʣڤ͵ҧ⣬ӿһѪڽһС֮ϡʱѪ죬޾ɱӰ˱֮ϯ糱Ԩƺ
ͣͣͣͣ
ʱĸΪ벽¶ͽ˫˫֮ϵĻٻɾжϡ
ţŽһڤΪһ壬ݵһΪһâ˲仮Ƴգʧããޱߵʡ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ̣һʱ䡣
һ֮ϴڤѾʧ˵֮С
ڤΪ˻ȡһȻ鼱֮£ȼԪҲǷһˣ
ϷĿⶾһ۾ͿڤӶ֮
סҹֵˣһĬ
Ȼȫûʲô׼
ԭΪһϢİٻ룬ڤֵܵΧ֮£϶֮ء
˭룬ٻͨ󣬼ԪҲܹһɱڤ
ǶôֲֶΣ
ʣһսľ󣬶ӡÿһ˵Ժ֮ȥ
Ȼ˵Ϸҹֵˣȫ壬ʶ㣬ǣǰٻĴڣҲǷǳ
ۣ
ˣǿɲҪΪеӣ
ڳ߰ʮֻԭȺ׷ɱһˣڤһĶӡʣµʱȺףΪں֮ڣҲûɱ֮⡣
̼䣬߰ʮСӰҲƵس˷ӿ
źǣûһֻ˳ӳ졣
Ļٻ׷ͽһֻֻ廨
һյĹһˣҲûһֻҴ
׷ɱһˣҲʣ߰˸˶ûɥһҲƵ˰ٻԣٻ뵱ػ
ಣ
˶ɽ룬һΣñһİٻӣشڳ̨ĵײһƱʩչʯһʯ
λ
ѹɤһϾؿϷ֡ҹˣʲô㣿
ܵȵĿ⣬֡ϷҹˣȫֹԹԵشײ
ˣҪʵǳ̨ͱҪӰٻжʵǵ㡣
Ͼ⴦ʵǵ㣬ǰٻΪģԣСزʵϣٻһݻ⴦ʵǵ㣬ʱҪʵǣڳ룡
ٻս̫ڿֲԪҲ龳֣Ǹûаսܣ
īۣԵо˩һҡ



1117 ˵
һ˳ʱ̣ڳ̨£һţٿһ˫ضһ˲ķ
ȻˣֺαڣĿʾˣ
ûв´򶴿ߵɱӦչİɣ
赶ɱ˵ֶΣǹ޳ܣ
ٻ
ĬеһˣɵɫٿȻ䣬һǻһһ
ģǺ񱻰ٻˣ
֣ȫϢٻ뾿ηǵģ
Ϸ붫ҹɵеǳ𾪡
ΣǶѾ¶٣ˣҲֻ̹Ȼˡ̾һһī룬ī˵ͷ
ߣ
״һӣһȵɣԳų̨ĵײӶȥ
īػҡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһԥҲͣظ
һһ˴Գڰٻǰ
ԭһˣԥǷҪٻ볹˺û뵽ûľ񣬰ٻѾǵĲ֮ء
һ׵˾ֻӲͷƤ׼ٻȫɱˡ
𡭡
ƺǸܵ˾޴вһŰɳѪɫ˲׵ڷӶ׵ŲԶצ˻
ণ
˳ʥĵȣȻҲ󣬻һԷ˫ʱ׼
ţ
ٻ뾶ɢϷ֡ҹ˵һɨڲ̽׵ʱ򣬲ɵĿһü֮ƺЩʡ
ܿ죬ٻĿ⣬ʹ׵תƿīϣ䷢Ц
ԭֻһȺں֮ڣܹҶҲֻһ˶ѣ
ٻɱ촽ͷشߴٵְɣ
䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣȫȻһһȫ߶Ԫűȫ衣
īһۣɫӡ
˵ʵҪٻһһ˲ûʲôա
Ψһܹ԰ٻ빹вģҲֻ龳ī롣
Ӱٻ֮ǰչʾսīҪһնɱٻ룬ʮã
ܵĿ⣬ȫԼϣȴָײɤӣԿǰǰ֮䲢ûʲôޣҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ƴһ
Ҿȫһס
һϿҡ
ʲô
Ҫף
ٻһЦһмбһۣСӣҰٻƢԲ˽⣬ǲ𾳵ĴܵҶ۹ơһԪСӣУһ޶ʲôʱף
һΣɫ৵һ±òҰס
ģٻδҲ̫ˣȻȫǷƴˣ
ûһ׵ӽ쵶ӳҲƣǲСģ
ϷĻƢһ´Ҫʩչڷ֡߶𣬽ȫû
Ҳһŭ׼֡
֣Ī嶯
׻æֹϷЦ֮ǰޱ޼ʵڤ֮𣬱Ҫֲö࣬Ҳûܶ԰ٻʲô˺
Ϸġڷ֡ƷʣӲֵһᡣ
Ϸҧҧݺݵһڡ
ǰ룬һʸ̸еġ
׵һЦƮƮһӣֻһһһĿռѷ죬ƾճ׵ǰֲϯ˻ռ
Һã컯ɾĿռȶʮֳڣ̼䣬ռѷ޸ϣҵĿռ䣬Ҳ˲ָȶ
ʲô
СӣȻھͶ֮䣬˳˺ѿռ䣿
ٻǷ´½һһĿؿףԼ˫ԲܣһԪСΪܹ˺ѿռ䣿ǲ𾳸֣
ڳ̨ıԵҪ˺ѿռ䣬ڲ𾳸˵ǳ롣
ףһòļһȻˣڰٻԶ
Ÿ߸ϵİٻ壬һʱ侪ʧ룬ϷֵˣһЦ
ڣһû̸еʸ񣿡
üͷԿٻ롣
Ϯ죬ڲԶţɱƿ籩еһҶ«έһ˫ӣȴͬڰеǳ˸˸Ź⡣
СӣҵСˡ
û뵽һԪСҾȻ󲻳ǳò˵һ
ɭһЦԿףСӣ˵ɣҪʲôףϴ
ˬһЦʼ򣬡ףǳ򵥡ϣܹʵǵ㣬ʵǳ̨˳ǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶ֮󣬱뿪
Ϊ˱㣬ҵҲСزʵǳ̨Σ
Ƶ



1118 ͬ
ʲôҪҵʵǵ㣬ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
³֮Ƿ߸·
Ϊٻţɵһؿס
ԭſ׵Ŀģ򶴿ߵڤһҪõٻͨӽ󣬾Ͷܹ֮ٳһȶʵǵ㡣
ϧٻΣὫеԵɣ׵ġ
ὫɫʯƬ飬͸¶
ΪϽٻڡƥﻳĵʮġ
˭룬׵Ҫ󣬾Ȼǳļ򵥡ֻǵҪʵǵһã֮⣬
ʱΪٻţ΢΢Ƭ̣ٿ̧ͷһζؿףСӣղſڿӣҪһٵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
һЦؿףơ
û
ɫž޲˵һϡƽ顣
¸¸£һЦһԪСӣƾʲôΪһٵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
Ҫ֪ڵھŲ̨еÿһʶӣڸʥ֣
Щ֮ӣ츳ѪǾΪᲢ۵ģ
ΪٻŲŻӦ׵Ľ󣬶ǲźۼش̽׵ĵϸ
ϾһԪ쾳ʿͼǫ́ϿɣνΡҪ֪ǱΪСزҲʥ磬һİڳ̨һʶӡ
ѵ׵츳ѪСزҪʤһ
ܵŵɣ׵һЦƺҲ׼ڣǺǣһ㣬ǰġţƾҵһԻǫ́ϿɣǲʧˣҲȻΪǰ
׾ʾһɳ顣
¸¸£Сӡ֪ʲôȻţ
䷢Ц
ţˣûĹʮеһŽ壡
ʱԸ𱬵Ϸڰ಻סŵǰһ
ʲôСŽ壿𣿡
ѹ֣˳飬ԭǷ֮
ΪٻŲɵȻһһؿףֻŵǣһʥӣȻʮ֮䣬˳ĵشͼڳ̨һʶӣ˹Ŀ࿴
һ٣ŵһ˫ӣ׶͵ؿī룬ʥȪȵԽԽ׳ˣȻħצ壬ԼϽ룬Ž壬һʥȪɣ
Ǵ˳ڳ̨һʶӣضʥȪڲչŷǳİ
˼磬֮䣬˼ǧµֿܡ
ī΢΢һһؿţƺǳѾһʵݣ΢Ƭ̣ɵػӦѾӵһѪϧȻһ壬ǣȴʥȪȵˡ飬ҲʥȪûһĹϵ
֮ҪŽ壬бԭ򡣡
ī
ΪٻŲ΢΢üЩŽɡ
ðɣҲˡ
ۿŲΪī뾶³һҾʥȪȳͨҪī롯һĲ֮ף
ܹҵԴժ׸ʥȪȣһܵͣ
Ϊ˽ŵĽģī벻òʵȫг
ţ
ǸʥȪī룿
Ϊ֮һһؿī룬¼Ҳšû뵽гһգͬļһȻһ𡣡
ģҰٻߴ֮ǣ޲ýߴΪƽأǾԲΪʥȪȵͣΪѵġ
Ÿ¸¸һЦƺīݣǳ⡣
ԭΪīʥȪȵһˣʮַУɱ֮졣
˭룬īǵʥȪȵˣңʥȪȵͨҪʥȪͬˮ
űаο
ī̬ȣҲʱ࣬ͬ˵иС
ī룬УðĵشĪǾŽʵǳ̨
һʵ
ī뾲ĬƬ̣³һʥȪȳƺζ뱨ѩޡ˵Žҵһϣʮ˽⣬ҵҪʥȪȿ⣬ɱʥȪȣϣȳĸ״ˣȫǰ˵Ρ
ǣŽ岻һӵŻĹһʣңֵõһ˵طУδ
ȫҲгһգܹԸ
īһࡣ



1119 
һݵī룬ײɵ߬ȭͷԣҪīԸ
ţ
ǽԸŽˣ
Ϊٻţһզ֮꣬ϣ¶һĨӵɫ
˵īľٻǳơ
īȻǧѷĴɫ룬Ϊǲ֮ףʥȪȣ׷ɱīĸףǱѹʥȪУ겻ա
Ȼīǻޣǣƾī츳ѪҪƾһ֮ʥȪȿ⣬ڳ롣
ϾīȻǴɫ룬Ȼ֮飬ԣīҪʹѪѣͱҪʥȪȵĻѪأϧī˵ڳ롣
֮£ҵī룬ֻԱΧشһĹأ͵
Һãīףȼϣ֮
ײӵŽʣ˳õˡĴУպǱ
гһգīлɱʥȪȣһѩǰܣȳԼ˼ĺĸף
ٻ룬Ͳö˵ˣīһӵǧѷ츳ϧΪߴвҪŻߴΧˣȻסһǣӽҲԽ߾磬ȻΪһˡ
ԭٻҪһߴ⣬Ϊڰ˴ԸҲ׳Ϊ˾лˮ¡
ڣСزĳ֣ýİٻ룬ȼһ˿ϣ֮
ΪСز츳ѪȰٻгһգпܻ̳аٻ־ɰٻδ˵Ը
ȻˣȻҪȫȫظŽ壬ǣŽϾ壬ʮһͻᱻʱȥʱҲûлᣬ̤컯ɾһ
ԣҼеϣŽϣҲҪŽǫ̃Ͽɵ£һϣ컯ɾĻһж
īһεؿٻ룬еϣ֮ɫΡ
¸¸£ӣкܶطǳơ
ν˵ĵˣѡҴͬһӪ£ҲͲ׷ǰͼ赶ɱ˵ˡ
ΪٻһпЦеؽߴīϣתƵ׵ϣСӣϵοɲᰡϣСزܹΪ棬ɸԵ񡣡
εͷ̧ͷһ۵ڰ˲̨ϵСزһֱͷ
ٻشһ⣬ҾʹӦĽ󡣡
ڣΪٻһƣһֿؿףղŻ֮˺ѿռѷ죬⾿ʲôͨ
˫˸˸Ź⣬һڴؿס
ò˵似ֶΣðٻ붼ʮ𺳡
׵һЦƵҲûʲôֻڻԵɺ֮£ʹ죬Ӷһִ編ˡ
˻
δ䣬Ϊٻŵʱһһ˼ؿףǿһ
Եɺ֮£һ챦磿
ţҪ֪ããʷУʮ궼δһ˿Եõ챦硣һȻһ챦磿
Сӣò˵ĸ˷ǳ񡣾֪ӵб챦лὫһ磬󣬳Ϊ֮ףǧĹ
δĳɾͣ
Ϊٻţһؿס
ԭڰٻ뿴ӵŽףҲСز츳޼Ǽ̳īһ˵²ҲδܹСزǿ϶١
ڣΪٻţ֪ӵһ챦һ˲䣬ȫ߸ԭе֪׵Ŀ˲Ǭߵ
ӵű챦ףл״Ŀֲڣ츳ǱԶԶСزܹᲢ۵ġ
Ϊô
΢΢ƣгһĨ
֡ϷҹˣһпڰٻĻŲɡ
Ͼٻ컯ɾĵһɽ񣬼ʶ㣬ǻĹҵʥӿᲢ۵ġ
ʱһֵܣһĽʺޡ
˱ˡ
һˣҪǱֻһ㣬ô˼ʡ
ǣǱһأֻĤݣ硣
ףȻϷҹЩĹҵ󼰵Ĵˡ
ԣĽʺޣֵܸΪ׸е˷뼤
ˣǰ
ѵ촽Կٻ룬֪ڿԴɽô



1120 
Ϊ˱һһɱѡ˺ƽס
ңΪ˱⣬ڰٻ֪޲޲ŽʣԼ챦ֻܣޱظ˰ٻ롣
ôδ󣬶ҪڰٻĿеӡ֡
Ͼİٻ룬֪һڰҽ򶴿ߵɱչͼ赶ɱ˵ˡ
ʣһļʸ¶Ŀꡣ
Ͼڤֵܣûһʹùôˣ϶ڰС
˵ףһˣҲ³СزĸҲɥȪ
ȻˣиǰٻΡ
ʼգٻ붼ûҪѡؿ졣
һˣȻǱŵж̬ȵġ
ң׵֪˰ٻݣַ˰ٻʱؿʵǵͨǴڰٻʮΣա
£ͼŤתٻӡ乫ƽףʮѡ
ֻоܵر⣬ĸܣҲ̶ϧԼİѱҲɰٻƿء
УǱ챦ѶϢǰٻ⴫ôһ컯ɾ䶯ʱ򣬿϶ʿȺ׷ɱףҪᣬñ챦硣
֮ôҲǱΣǳҪһʵʵǵ㣬Ӷǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡ
ãҴӦ㡣
һε񣬱Ϊٻţ˵ͷûһһžǻһתԳǵĽݣҪһЩı䡣
һ֮ɫסϷҹˣȫɫһ䣬һؿٻ롣
ҾãȫΪһϵơ
ΪٻһʮĿ⿴ףͺڴһޱĹŶ֮Уһ׽̰֮ɫ
ʲôǽͬˣ
ī΢΢һһŹֵؿšīƵһˣȻǱޣҲֻһˣлǫ́Ͽɡ仰˵õԤ֮£īĻ飬Ҳֻһˡ
˵壬ðٻĿ࿴
ɲΪٻΪ׵һϯͻͷΣһ˵Լˡ
ʱīüͷЩ
ȻԼû㹻üֵôԷ˳Ԥڵ飬пǲˡ
īľ顣
Щ󣬻ǰԡ
׹˹֡
ƺܵһеľ֮ɫΪٻţҲֻ͡һζЦף׿Ҫʧȥĵʱ̣ٿأΪٻţ͵һͺȣƶһԳ׷˶
ͬʱؿռƱһһ˵Ŀֲƣѹ¡
ã
ס֣
ʱʶ񣬻æ̤ӡٳԶӶݿ
ī룬Ǳȳ׵ǰ
֣
֣
Ϸҹ֡ˣһȻһʧ
ǵʵ֡
顭
ֻһʯı㾡ȫī룬ڰٻҰײ֮£ƿ籩еһҶ«έԵ˳ȥ۵һһѪ
𡭡
Ѫɫһ͵ػӶצֱ˺ѳһɵĿռѷ죬ڰٻǰ
ţ
ʲôѪɫȻҲܹ˺ѿռ䣿
ٻ͵ؽŲһ٣Щ޾ռѷ֮УٿӶݵףɫʱһƬ
Сӣ龳֣һԪСӶץס
ٻŲһתûѪɫԳ׵ķ˶ȥ
һţȷ黹죡ϧǲ𾳸ˣҲһë
׵ͺһֱӻ˺һƬռ䣬һӣһεֱӽѪɫ˱С
ͬʱ̤ӡ˿ռѷ֮УƬ̼䣬ʧ١
ʲôСӣȻʱУʧˣ
ٻ嵹һ
ٻ룬Ķң
ʱī͵ػΪһ⣬ԳŰٻϯһ󺣰񳱣ϯ죬ƺҪȫû
¡¡¡¡
̨¡¡죬ҡΡ
ã
Űٻпһʱſڣɺͷ͵һһ͸˿ϯͽϷ֡ҹ˸廨
ſǣ
ģҪΪˣ
ӣǸϺˣ
ģѵҪһªŵУ
Ϸҹ֡ˣһɫ̼ͷ৶䡣



1121 
ס֡
һϷ֡ҹˣ廨ī뵱Ъ˹رȳҲƵسŸɱŷ˶ȥһӡͷ¡
һƣ̺Ǻ֮һ£˻𵴡
һֱӱĵõ˳ȥƶߵķݣͷѣһԱ
ɡ
īһ֣ǰҪƸ꣬ժ£ʩչֽɱУ˭룬ǧһ֮ʣž䷢ЦҪĸСӣɥȪ;ְܳգ
īֽһ٣תͷ˱廨Ϸˡ
Ϸҹ֡ˣٻı˿廨Ȿ˿ȶʥ̺һ޾ƣϷ˸ѡ
ֻҪٻһͿϷɥȪ
ī룬Ҫһɱٻ룬ʮѡ
ϾǽٻĲƬٻҲ졣ΪԪǱ֡
Ψнֺ飬ܹɱٻ롣
û뵽ðٻ룬˵еĴڣȻ˵ñ޳ܣ
֣һϸ£ҪСΪѣ
ī˿̺ɣ˵ӡ
֮ǰīûٻ붯֣ȫûеٻһ֣ī̾ͲٻѾԪɢ˿澭֮еԪǿտյɺԡ
Ȼڤֵܼս󣬰ٻѾٱ
£īȻȲʤȯ֮䣬Խѹƣ˵Ҳʮ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ˣҪǺǣҪҵķʽ
Ϊٻɿȣ³һ̲һ̲ѪϣȴЦ绨ڣϽŽлҪ˵
īЦһٻ룬㲻Ҫ񣬽գֻҪ㵨Ҷҵһëī붨ѪģһҪСزѪծѪ⣬Ҫ߾һϾɱ
īһӷһԾŶ׷
ī밺Ȼͦء
īʵϣѹưٻ룬̸Ҳ޿֡
¸¸£ī룬һ˽⡣
ٻһЦȻѾԪľ˿ǣ㻹û̸еʸ񡣡
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫСزӳ죬ţĿԴ
˵ţٻһ
ǡ
ʱ֡Ϸҹϵı˿˲յֵһҺӦѡ
ס֣
īʧŵȫ¡
Ȼ˵īĵֻһˣϷ֡ҹֵܣ˵ǷԲܷβܡ
ǣǡ
ٻƺûīľԹԵս˿ʱ֡ҹϷˣ׹ʮ˲ŵɽ𺣵ļ尾
ֵܾǣûһ˰ġ
෴԰ٻһīʹɱ֣ҪǵĴ
˲øϾ
͡
ʱһʮɳĿռѷ죬͵˺ѿһϮ۵ףԴӿռѷ˳
ס֣ʲô
ɫǺ죬˫ѪٻУһɱ
¸¸£Ž壬ڳˣûп㣬壬ΪֵԸͷ­Ѫֵˣ
ģҲ˺ֵܣ
һףٻʱһЦֵúϲ£졣
㡭Ҫô
΢΢˫ʱ˿̣ҲŰٻκһ仰
Ԫľƾһпܼ̫ˡԣҪ֮ǰΪСزеһɽ
Ϊٻ΢΢һЦһ˫˸˸Ź⣬Ž壬㿴ҵ۾
ʲôҳΪСزĿɽ
һ̧ͷбһ۵ڰ˲̨ϵСزɸеһ
Сز˰룬ӵʥΪ˿һ峤۾ΪһܹᲢ۵ġ
񣬰ٻȻҪ׳ΪСزĿɽ
ֱЩЦ
ɻ䣬׼ûʲôɣͿٻ˫̼䣬׹Ԩͷؽᣬ˵ȫʧأ׹˻þ֮С
ã
ػԵī뾪һæһƺҶͼϰٻؼ
һٻɱ壬͵ر˿ըѵ֮һȷѪ꣬ȥǲǣ津Ŀġ
ɹˣ
īһ֣һơ
ಣ
ȻʱһɫֻΪһӰ͵ȥ
Ȼǰٻı֣



1122 
ͻıʣīʧɫӦҪԮȻΪʱ
֣
֣
Ϸҹ֡ˣһʧҽ
ಣ
˽ƵĿ£Գͷ­ı֣ವһ׵ı챦Уƾʧ١
΢棬΢΢֮䣬һƬ
ԭ׹þеףҲ͵һΣָѡ
ա
ɫһ
Ϸҹֵˣ־ϲؿס
Ž壬ô
īһΣ׵ǰһе꺮ů
΢΢ҡͷ¶һĨˬЦ⣬ٻҪɱңĻղҾѾһغˡ
ȷղŰٻı֣ǻ׵ԴôƱؽԴѣ졣
ܹ֮˳Ϊٻ벢δɱ֡
ţҪʲô
īҧһŭ
𡭡
ণ
ͬʱѪɫ뵶ȣҲŵشǰ׵
ЩˣΪƿһִ編򣬾ܹڲ֮ءڣԼĵϸȫ¶ˣǱҴɣҪΪ䣡
΢΢һ
Ž壬ǱֵĶȥˣī׷ʵ
׵һЦ֣Ѿҵı챦С
˵ţһӣһεϯ廨Ϸ֡ҹˣ˱С
ǰҲɡ׳īһӣīҲԱ˱챦С
ಣ
֮䣬ʱֻʣһˡõѪɫػԣԼϥһҲ˱С
ͬʱ׵ı챦УһƬޱ޼ʵĽɫӿȣХһκˣ֮ϣһɾ޷壬Ưˮϣض졣
ಣ
ٿأһűƾճڸ߿Уֱתһصĸоһ貵ı⣬ӱڲϯյգԲĺ棬˲ѹ÷ƽ˾
ಣಣಣಣ
ţϷҹ֡˵ӰƾճڰСһ˿һӣʮʹࡣ
쿴ٻıǣ
ָһʱʶ񣬵һʱͷ˲Զıӡ
ʱϷҹˣתͷȥÿһ˵񣬶޾ŭ𣬺޲ǰȥӸ顣
ಣ
ʱīӰϷԣһɨʱҲ˲Զıӡ
ţȻεسգϵûܹȵ㣡
ī뱬һҪʹɱ֡
͡
˭룬ûīǰ־һХƾʧڰУ֮Уʧ١
ţ
īŲһ٣߷ҧ
ī봦׵ı챦УȻ챦ƷѰʥߵı磬Ҫ߳üΡǣϾҲֻһոı磬ʮȹ̡
īڱдɱпܻԱ𺦡
ԲīҪĽ
ಣ
ī޴ʱ̣һīӰƾճīһ˵ԣȻһϮ۵ס
λֵܣܿˡ
׸һһʱϷ֡ҹϵ˿׷ױѡ
ϷˣҲָ̻֮
Ȼ˵˿ʮּͣǣ׵ıУȫƿأ׾ƬصĴס
һ֮䣬ȫԴݻ˿
ȻˣȻƿһƬأǣҪһ֮䣬ɱٻ룬ǲ̫ʵġ
Ϊٻ龳ĸ֣׾Ƕ÷壬ҲԽѹһɱˡ
֣
֣
Ϸ֡ҹˣһɫӵؿף֮УЩмЩ
мԸⲻΣգ鼱ͷȡ
ǣѾȫΪԪֵܣڰٻǰȫûзΨ־ܵķݣȻ˺ȡ
ò˵ϵʵ̫ˡ
һпȻڻĹңŷǳߵ㣬ҪΪһĴкܳ·Ҫߡ
ϣһΣǲ֣
Ϸһ̾
ޣٻ룬ǵ壬һ޻أֻ۸СʲôӢۺúҲЦ
һĲޣ˵һǼΪҵһΡ
صĽͷٻಫҫսɳһΣȻһͱ廨һӣ붼ҡ
Ž壬Ŷ㵽ȥˣ
ī΢΢˫ɢѰţƬ̺ͽ޹īֱתͷѯס
üͷ壬Ǳ֣˼ĺףңƺ̺ľѪ



1123 Ϊ¯
ţ
ĪǣٻҪձеѪָĵԪ
ī͵ͫһ
˼ҡҡͷ룬ٻӦÿ̺ѪȻ˵̺ѪʮŨѰʿ˵ǲɶõĴ֮
ǣһ龳ĸ˵ȫֵһᡣǽеѪȫգ°ٻҲԻָȫ
΢΢üʱһޱ޼ʵ룬˲ѳһһȥؿĺס
ʱ˿̣һɫ֣ײϵתš
ţ㾿Ҫʲô
ױȳ
¸¸£˵ˣҪΪСزеһɽ
ȻˣСزƼˮ꣬Ȼҵ飬ľػСزҡԣҾֻܶü˵İ취ˣ
ڲһɳƵƺӴ쳹˶Ĥ
ţ
ţƺͼı죡
סϷҹֵˣȫȻһһĨԤӿͷ
ü˵İ취
ʲô˵İ취
ػꣿ
Ƴɿܣ
ʱָͷ˵Ժÿһͷ˴Ĵ̹ǣԽܡ
顭
ʱȭͷСıڲ͵رı⣬ϯ죬ںŵĿУɢ䣬ǵصĻۣ׷һëѩ
֮䣬ޱ޼ʵϿգͱ֮Ļ۸ȫˡ
㡣
Ϸһ̾һ
ţڸʲôϷҧ
ǿ쿴ӿ֮У̾ѿˣ
ʶٿһָ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؿ档
Ļۣƶëѩܿ͸һױȥԭɫĺ棬ȻʮɫĿ
ˣںϵĻۣܿѪһſű֣ʼѿһ֮Ļ꣬һۿӵٶȣ֦ҶŻ飬һƬ
ڳˣһ˲ȫĿ࣬Լ۾
ʼգֻһյĹޱ޼ʵĺϣͳһƬһƬ涷޵ĻɫѤĿȥʤգһƢĻ㣬ӿڱǣԿܡ
ţȻҵıУֲ˴ƬƬĻѵҵı챦ΪУ
һһԱĲԤУͷ
ã
ʱϷһӣӱиٻ˳쿴ֵ󺣣һƬʮɫĻ
һ֣ˮĻɵûȸԾƮƮɵŮȲҪڻ֮У
ã
īٿصͺһٻ룬ų֮䣬ֻҪһ仨ţͲԪɢ졣ıгޱ޼ʵĻҪһɱ½ϼѡ
ಣ
ī޴ʱ̣ȭͷСĻ֣ٿس𣬾ī˵ǰ
ţ
Ŀһ
ವһһӰƾմӱڲϯնԳһ˵ǰ˶ȥɵë
֮еӰȻһվİٻӣʳƴˮī߳ɣ޾ס
ʱڳһ˵ȣ΢΢һĳһʱ̣Щʧ
ڣҲһĳ羴ĤݣԼ
ٻӣû뵽һգ۵Ĺʩչ˷ϻͯͨؼ
īüͷšһȫɱ죬ɷضǰİٻӡ
ٻ΢ҡһЦī룬ˡҲûзϻͯʵϣѾˣϣҲûаٻ룡
δ䣬ī벻Ϊ֮һ
סϷֵˣҲһؿٻӣЩɶͷԡ
Ǻǣ˵ԴߴΧңش֮Ҿ˶񼲣ҲԽ߾磬ֻܿպԪԴСǣҲԸʹ˳ԣ֮УһֱѰſԪİ취
òİٻӣૣƺ޾Ļ֮С
ī벻Ź֡
ѰԪİ취
Ͻ߲ΣҲֻз鵤ҩˡ
ǣٻȻ޷ĵҩٻҲֹ
ԣһ˿ٻԸȫͽ޹һԪľͽʧ
򲻸ˣڲϵ֮̽ҵһԪĺð취
ɻĵڣٻٶȳһĵ
סīһˣʱͫ׽һȵؿٻӡ
˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳף
Ŀ⣬ٻӵһЦյף취ǽԼı֣һԼĻ飬Ƴɽ飡



1124 Ϊ

䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫĿ࣬ŵؿ޾׵İٻӡ
Ϊ¯Ϊ飿
īһզ꣬û뵽ٻΪ˶һʱգȻ˴İ취ԼΪ¯ԼĻΪ飬Ƴһ
Ȼ˵ֶηǳпѪȣǣһɹ֮󣬰ٻĻǱ飬ƾվͿԻøΪƾõ
ΪӰٻһѾսᣬóһִڷʽ
һп
ûϵٻ˵ĿԪĺð취ȻǡΪ¯Ϊ顱Լһ
Уһû˵һʿԼƳһ˴۽磡
Ǻ罣ϸܵĺ顣
ÿһʿ˵õɣռ롣ûһʿԸ𻯳ɵĻᡣ
񣬰ٻ뽫ԼƳһΪ飬ȻԴԼԪֻҪ𻵣ȫʱ䳤Уܳһʱ䡣ǣӽ󣬰ٻ뽫Ҳõɣ
ҹɵطţΪôбסѰʿûбƵȻѡô
ô˵ٻôѾԼĿġϾԭٻȻԪֻʣһƿ籩еһҶۣʱпһغȴΪһʤߣ
ڰٻֶΣΪ͡
Ϊһ죬Ѿ׼˺ܾõʱ䣬գһٳɹˡ
ҵĻȻ飬ǣӵеķȴʮһ
һпˣٻ΢΢ɫЩ
ȻѾΪһ飬ôǵвҲһǧɣţ㴳ҵı챦磬Ϊ£
üͷ壬żɽ
ܵеĽƣٻӵһЦΪŽ壬ҲҵĻѾ󺣸ˡ
ҿԸ㣬Ƭҵıľ
ҽԼһ֮ǰҽתƵıУ֪һұ飬ƾѹ㣡ǣƾƬȴԽٿأ
ٻӺڣͽԼ뷨һһʮؽס
ʲôƬ㱦ľ
ҪͨƬٿң
ײɵΪ֮һ
ī롢ϷҹˣҲһ
ǺǺǣţΪƾһƬ뽫Ūڹ֮У
͵һЦҪ֪ҵıУеķ壬ȫƿأҾƬصĴף
ֻҪԸ⣬һ֮䣬ͿԽĻȫݻ٣
һг
ٻӾǺţ΢΢һЦΪƽؿס
¡¡
һ̣˸εѵһĻƾճ˵֮С
˽µ֮ϣǧ͵رѣƻɽ緢þκˣҡػΣΪ֮ѡ
ͻıըڳˣȫʧɫ
ҲܵˣղֻǧԸ⣬ȫһ֮䣬ȫʱı챦磬ƱؽӦѡ
㣬Ҳһغ
ٻһ޿ֵؿס
˻
ʱϢһϣͷ৶䡣
ȷ
ӸղűըǰٻĽںϵȫôգۼ䣬׵ı챦ͻķѣʱشһغ
ԲҪĽ
̫ˣţȻҪֵֶ˳
øҧ
ѹְٻҪ챦磬ԭǴôĿģ
Ϸһпû뵽ٻĻ֮ࡣ
㣬㡭
һʱ촽飬ͷ͹ţ˵գ㾿Ҫʲô
նȹƮƮİٻӣȻһЦŽ壬㲻ҪߡôûҪӺ˼
ֻҪȷԺܹΪСزһɽ
ΪҿǱǽСزˣϵһһбδ
ٻЦеؿףֹŹֵ񣬾ͺĸ￴Ů
ţ
ؽҧпһ
ԼΪСزһɽ
ײЩᡣ
شӽ׵ƿڰٻУ϶Ҫ԰ٻ˳ʱ򣬰ٻػСزԣ׿ɾͲˣ
ţˣ
΢΢˫ҲˣΪƿҵ뽫ҷ²ҸСزţ



1125 ƻ
ǺǣʲôʱҪСزţˣ֮еһӣԼʹСزţػңǾǶɱ츳
ٻ΢ҡֻϣܹСزΣ֮ݵʱܹ߾ȫԮƽܹЯһУ
СزǷܹõҲҪԵ֣
ٻ˵Ц
֡ϷҹˣɵһɫŹ֡
ŵ˼ƺСز˽Ϊ£
һ͵Ц
ϧԵ飬ͲǿȣҲֻǣߴţԺСزʲôķչҪԵ컯ˡ
ҹ΢΢һЦ
ޣٻĻ˭Ļ˵ȫ
ϷԸ𱬣ڰٻ˵ȫмһˣǲԸƿԼʲô𣿡
ڷ֡ҹϷ࣬۷׷׵ĵڣī΢΢ǰŽ壬еΣܷҵ𾳵ĸԮ
΢΢ͷϢǰѱ£õܵʶ룬ò𾳵ĸְһæȫû⡣
УӵŲ𾳽ĸ֣Ϻһ֮⣬Ҳǲ𾳸֡
ڰеĲ𾳸֣ײ
ȻˣĹźŲޣҵ棬ΣԮ
ϺһܹϵǳֻҪԼԭԭظ֪һܣһһԮǽѡ
ã
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ī΢΢һȻˣȫõǡֻҪв𾳵ĴܣԸ㣬ôȫ
ԣײһ
˵׵ı챦磬Ȼ޷ܻԱǣֻҪв𾳸ֳ֣ȫԷռ䣬еȫ
ʱѾóһİٻ룬ҪԴвףȫǳ˵Ρ
ڣֱò𾳸ֳ֣ıȫѹѪҲǲܵ顣
һΪİٻ룬ͽΪ׵ūͣһ֮䣬Ϳٻ븩أߵŰݣ
ʱ׾ͿԺݺݳһڶˣ
һˣԭ׼Ƶףʱɫ滺ɤ۵࣬ء
񣬵֮ϳ̨ǫ́Ͽɡڱ챦еȫԻص֮õһܰæ
ʱҾȫù˼ɰٻָ֮
ڣƵʱ򣡡
װ˼⣬ٿ̧ͷŰٻ΢΢һЦȻʮ㣬ôѡ飬ӽһСزúദСزõҵĵطҾ޶
ʹӦ
Ϸҹֵˣһ󾪺죬ʶһ
ȻӦˡôΪҲܲʾһ¡
һѡЭٻӵʱϲЦտһӱ֮Уʱϯһƥ峺ӣЯһ龳ƣӿ׵ıУҡػΣɽ
ţ
ʲô
Ȼһ
ڳһ˵ȣҲϢһϣɫ䡣ֱΪٻ׼磬ͬھ
õģǰӱа뿪Ԫ̺෨壬ȫ׸㡣ıƷʣֻҪȫգţҪ˶ãıƷʣܹһΣ
ҲҸļ񣡡
ٻӵһЦ
ī벻Щɶͷԡ
֡ϷҹˣЦͣ飬Ȥס
֣ǽҪСزĻ£óˣҪϽѡһգСزȢˣ
Цǰϡ
ȻʱȣҲûа취÷¡أǣڿԴӼֵֶܼһҪúùС
ϷһĻЦ
֣ģ컯ɾСŵ飬һ߽𽣶λ˵ģ;ɣٺٺ١
ҹʱ˿̣ҲûиΣصģȥԶ
ײɫǺ죬ֹ
ī뾲һԣȴǱ˫֣ΪֺǣŽ壬лţ¼Ϊı磬ں֮ƷʿһΡʱ򣬻вҲС
ʵϣûв𾳵Ĵܰ㣬̤龳һޱ޼ʵĻ˵ȫһвˡһ֮䣬ͿԽȫݻ١˻ı磬ҲȫԳܡ
ſǴ󣬰ʯͷԼĽţ
īЩȲ



1126 ɥ֮ʹ
ʲôֻҪЩԪ壬ȫաͿԴʹƷʣƾһΣ
ңֻҪ˳̤龳磬ôͲܰٻвһ֮䣬ͿеĻʱ򣬾ܹ׻ָ֮
һ
ûϵٻԼһԵˡ
Դˣ׵Ȼûɾܾ
ǰҲֻйˡ
īȰ˵֮£׵Ҳû̫ĿһЦӦ
ǺǣȻˣôŽ壬ӽǾһϵˣϣܹԶţúôСز
ٻ¸¸Цͣ׵񣬶ʱһ˿⡣
֣콫ЩԪյɡѾȲҪɱˣ
ϷȲشߴ
ҹֵ֡ˣҲƶЦߴٸͣ
ȣ
һƣʱҲٳɣһ޾ķ壬˲佫һƥӸûʼϵգںϡ
¡¡¡¡
ʱ֮䣬һ󶯵̹ſٵأֺĩգɽ飬죬ҵҡ
նϷ֡ҹˣȫȻһһɫ䡣
λ
΢΢üҵı磬ڷɱ֮УҸԿƣǲ뿪ܲ
Ϸҹһˣ׷׵ͷǣһΣƾʧ١
ţ߰ɡ
ī΢΢˫䲻ȵؿٻ롣
¸¸£ī롣ӽǾһˣҵĳƺʱıһˡ
ٻ뿩һЦȤɣͳƺΪٻӺˡ
ٻһģ
ԣīһ飬ЩһͷԵڵء
ٻ룬ƿ׵ָֻҲˣȻīҲߺˡ
īһ
ڰٻƿ׵ķϣīҲΣҧҧãôٻӣɣ
˵ţһԵĶ
ٻ뵭һЦವһΪһӰûɫڲ
ͬʱ΢΢һΣʹӱ챦ƾʧ

̨Ե̳졣
ϷҹֵˣػϥӣȫںŸַ壬űƷʡ
ī뱾֣ͬһʱڰУ
𡭡
Ѫɫһ֣ʱצЪ˹سűַ˶ȥ޲̻̽
ণ
ҲǲضãһֵЯһɰʥҪֶһѲƬ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣī뱬ȳֹ˽Ѫɫ뵶ȣѾƳһٻĻǣҲ˽е顣
ڣٻŽ壬һͬһϵĻ飬빲Ī񣡡
īһϾغǳ
Ѫɫ뵶ȷ׷һ٣Ϊؿī룬öûܷӦȵһǵľӣӱ֮Ѫɫ뵶ȽһЦѪɫ뵶ŷӦһĿࡣ
ŰٻӵĺЦ⣬Ѫɫǵȣһ飬Ʊ˶ͷһˮȫë
˭֮ǰһǽ龳ִܵţһת۾ͱһЦݿİٻӣ
ء
Ȼī֮£ѪɫѾѹסڵİɱǣٻӵȴûһĺƣ෴Ȼһɱĵʱ̻ɽ
Ҳͬˡ
ڰٻӣûһ⣬еģֻ
ǿ쿴Сزˡ
ٿأʶķ֣˵Ŀ⣬һ˲˹ȥ
ʱ˷׷ڰ˲̨ס
ڰ˲̨ϣСزһվһˮӣͶ̨ײն׹ߣԽӽ
Сز
ٻһسСزʾ⣬ƯڰУƹȡ
ţ
ţ㷢ʲôˣΪ޷ϣܵһ
Сز͵ͫһضŰٻӡ
СزѾΪ¯ԻΪ飬ԼƳһ񣬱־ǽҵĻǣͳΪ˽е顣
һҾܹһַʽҡ
ٻһ顣
ţ㡭ɹˣ
ԣСزһΣһϲؿٻӣشض䣬֮󣬷ɤ˻Ƶس޵ţڵӣÿ껭ϵŮϧĸ״ˣԶҲˣ
˵ţҲƲסɥ֮ʹһޡ
СزҪסĸ򶴿ߵУ
ҪѩޣҪŬ򶴿ڵߴݺݵزڽ£
ٻһֿذοţȫһ˿һ֮⡣



1127 ܿռ
ţ
Сزͷ
ʱ˿̣Сزߴ򶴿ߵĳޣν衣
ţЩǺ
СزĿһԿһ絭ī롣
ʣСزΪɵˣȻ龳ī롣ϷֵˣֻԪ磬ʥСزУֵһᡣ
ͬΪʥĵȣСزҲΪ⡣
ȻСزͬʿĶ֡
˵СزʱȣǷѾָԪ׼óھŲ̨ˣ
ܵСزе󣬰ٻ΢΢³һʵ
赣ǣоԵİգϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
СزͦͦظСɲ¶ǡ
ã²˳٣ϽϵھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣҲȫµʿƣ
ҵһ죬Ѿ̫ˣ
ٻĳ
ţСزһʧģ
Сز˵ţһΣΪһӰԳŵھŲ̨ʵǶȥúһֻɽס
СزҪھŲ̨ô
΢΢˫аζӡ
ϷҡͷһЦϣԭǰͲСزʵʧܣ˭룬һתۣСزпܳΪֵķˣձ֣ǵһɩӡ
Ǻǣϣɩܹڳ̨һʶӰɡ
ҹҡͷһЦϾΣСزѾһϵĻˡ
ʱ˿̣Ϸҹֵˣһ鸴ӣСزʵǵھŲ̨ףҲʮּϣСزܹɹ
ϾΣСزĳɰܣء
гһСزôٻƿصףʮΣ
Хī븺ֶ죬վڰٻԣĿ䣬˿͸е뷨
Ψףأϥһ̲ͣţھŲ̨׷СزĮġ

һߣһӰһڻߵԭҰϣһ·Ϳշӡ
ǧİٻ룬Ȼֵܣ廨󣬵˸У
ޣڤģ
ڣұԣҪһϾɱΪҵֵܱѩޣ
ڤҧ߶žĸѪй¡
УҪϢʱ峤
µİٻ룬ڸҿΪȶʵǵ㣬ϢԹף峤ˣһǲرȫΧ˰ٻ룡
һˣڤʱת򣬾Գ򶴿ߵķӶȥ˵ʨսͬ£żһʱ䡣
ţٻĸһߴͷںܵǳв
⣬ڤķٶȣʱһΣ޲̻ص򶴿ߣرٻʬΡ
ʱҴңת֮䣬µʱѾȥˡ
СزȻȫʵǵھŲ̨ףչƹùۿһζȻ
Сزʵǰ̨ףνһû뵽ʵǵھŲ̨ףȴ˻ţ
Ϸͷⲽ
СزŲᶨܹϵھŲ̨ףǲ֪ܷ˳һʶӣǫ́Ͽɡ
ҹһһʮط
¸¸£Сһǣƺ֪
ʱ޾׵İٻ룬תͷϷҹ˲һЦʷϣûʥܹһڵϵھŲ̨ף
ǻǫ́ϿɵʥҲ⣡
ܹһڣӵڰ˲̨ףϵھŲ̨ףǾǾ׵׳٣
ٻһ
Ϸҹֵˣɵõһһ
ʲôʷϣûʥܹһڣӵڰ˲̨׵ϵھŲ̨ף
һп˵Сزǰ˸̨ףķѵʱ䣬Ҳûһ£û뵽ھŲ̨׵Ѷȣ˾޴󣡡
Ҳҡͷԣ̨̨ףԽϣѶȾԽ󡣡
ʱһֱĬī룬ҲһЦ֪ھŲ̨ףһ˵̨׵ѶȣҪ󡣡
ֻҪܹϵھŲ̨ףʥ̳ҲֻеϵھŲ̨ףлǫ́Ͽɣ
ī͵
˻Ȼص˵ͷ
ԭھŲ̨ףһҪϵھŲ̨ףлǫ́Ͽɣ
ֶʱéٿǫ̂ʿǷʸһʶӵأ
ҹϷˣȫī롣
ҲʵǵھŲ̨׵ʱ䣬ʱٵĿ϶츳Ҳǿ
ĳ
īٻһЦҡҡͷ
ܿǾͻ֪ˡ
īĳ



1128 ؾ
ת֮䣬Ǵµʱȥˡ
СزʵǵھŲ̨ףѾȥһʱ䣬СزûɵӰڶΣ֮Ҳڱƽ˵ھŲ̨ףۿžҪһԾϣϵھŲ̨ס
ʱ˵࣬ȫΪ֮һһĿһСزûɵӰ
˭룬ʱ
¡¡
ֻһıһűһ˺ѿһռѷ죬Сز˲С
ͻıʣڳһ˵ȣȫһԼ˫
ʲôСزȻռѷˣ
һ󾪺
⣬Сزⲻ⣬ǰٻ벻ᷢɣ
Ϸ񾭽һؿٻ롣
̨Ҳֲ̫ˣѹֻᱻΪ֮أСز츳ò׵˵ھŲ̨ף˭룬ȻһͻĿռѷˣ
ҹŵɫ
Ϸҹֵ˵𾪲ͬǣīٻȴһƵᣬ˿ûš
īǰ
˼磬һ֪Сز޴󰭣⾿ôһ£
ī΢΢һЦò˵Сز츳׿лἷһʶӣǫ́Ͽɡһ٣īܵϷ֡Ͷ񣬵ʱһЦҸղѾ˵ˣСزܿ飬ܷǫ́ϿɣҪڹؾеı֡
ţ
ؾ
ϷҹֵˣȫȻһ
ԭҪǫ̃ϿɣؼĿ飬ڹؾ֮С
ǰ˵Сزû⣬ղͻĿռѷ죬ֻһڣСز͵˹ؾ
˼ش
īΪȻص˵ͷͨ˵ֻб̨ϿɵʿлڵϵھŲ̨׵ǰһ̣ؾֻҪ˳ͨ飬ܹڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
ԣϷҹֵˣһ
Сزⲻ⣬һٻƱؽ񣬵ʱײʹ²ˡ
ãСزû⣬ֻǱ͵˹ؾ֮Уܿ飬ֻҪ˳ͨ飬ܹһʶӣǫ́Ͽɡ
ϲ£
ǰǹؾʲôطûнȥ
һʵ
֪ڹؾУʲôĿȴСزϷզп
ī΢΢һЩΡ
Ȼ˵ī龳֣Ҳֹһεʵǹ̨ʼգûнؾܹ顣
ϾÿһϵھŲ̨ףߵھʮŲ̨׵ʿлؾġ
ΨЩ츳֮ӣһϣ
񣬷ѯīڹؾ£īЩ޴룬ΪΡ
ƺīĴԶİٻ뵭һЦؾ˼壬ǹһؾ
ʱ˵עȫٻˡ
꣬ٻǳɹǫ́ϿɣΪϣõɵԱ֮һȻؾڹؾ˽Ҳ͸
ؾоʲô飿
ͫ׽
ؾУһƬޣƻռ䡣
ܵ˽ƵĿ⣬ٻ΢΢һЦؾеĿ飬Ҳǳļ򵥣Ǿǡܹһƣ
˻
δ䣬ڳϷ֡ҹȫȻһһĿؿŰٻ롣
ʲôܹһƣ
һզࣺ˵һغôѵû
˵еĹˣܹɷͨһ컯ɾͨһƻӳ׾ܹǧǧ磬һʥֿܹ
δҲֲ̫ˣ
Ϸ붫ҹһۣǸеš
ˣȻѾˡǣؾеĿ飬ȴҪܹ˵һ֮
ٻ벻ؽ͵ȻˣԹ˵ķһԻ컯ɾȻֵܹһƣƻֻǿٻˣʿʵԵ˺
Ϸҹֵˣéٿһ
ԭڹ˵һƣʵԵƻֻһٵĻ󣬸˺
Ȼٻ󣬲˺ôΪλһأ
գգ˫Щؿٻ롣
ǺǣѾ˵ˣȻ˵ӡʵʣ̺İƣȴٰؾʿûб֮ǰǲᷢٵġ
ٵģǣеʿܹĿ顣Ŵ˵еˣĸо̹ģ
ٻһϾ˵вٽؾʿˣҲʿŵϣħӽҲͻơ



1129 ʥ
˲ɵһ󾪺
ûϵ˵һ֮Ȼ֮Ӹˣ֮ӣħΪһ
ֱţ
ڹǰӱ֮ӣҲһֻϰˡ˵һ֮֮ӶԣһϵĳԲᶨһ˲䱻ĥħȫԤϵ顣
ī벻ؽ͵
Ϸ˵ͷԭ˿ԣ˵ܹǫ́Ͽɵ츳ѪԣˡǣҪõɣԶȻҪϾĿ飬ǶԵĿ飡
̼䣬˶ڳ̨ڹˣԵþη
ǰСزѾ֪ؾеӡٵİգ
񵭵һЦȻ֪ǼٵģôҲ赣ˣȫ޶ã˳ɹ顣
ԣٻ벻ЦһǺǣСӣ̫ˡΪһʿ˼άܹȫıܣ
ܵٻеɣϢһϣо̩ɽѹ˳
ʮǳ׶
Ʃ˵һСˣ˰ȫʩҲδظұļ֪ļΣգԾη֮绢ǿнɽ˵ͻ
˵ıܷӦһ˵
һС˵ļ˵Ѿ
ԣʱ򼴱֪һսΣܷܣȻһա
ԸСزܹɹɹ飬һʶӣǫ́Ͽɣ
Ϸһꡣ
ʱ˵࣬ȫΪ֮һһ߬ȭͷһգգضŵھŲ̨ס

ʱһֱϥף͵˫³һվ
ͬʱһ糱ʥһ˷ϯ˻ռĵ
𡭡
ণ
Ѫɫ뵶ȣ˷ܵػȸԾ׵ԣޱȡ
֣
֣
ʱϷ֡ҹֵܣҲע⵽ףһϲЦտشǰ¡
֣Ϣۻ룬ͻˣ
һʱһ
ƣӦʥ쾳磡
һ꣬ΪɥϴŶ̶̼գٶͻƣδҲ̫ˣֵܼⱲӶû취׷ˣ
ʲô֣˳̤ʥ쾳ˣ
ϷһֹŹֵס
εͷٺֱЦֵܵɣĬˡ
ʱϷҹֵˣһĽʺޡ
Ǻǣҵı磬˲ʮ֮һķ󣬵õʵɱ䣬ҵľΪҲһٷ˳ͻʥ졣
׺ٺһЦ
δ䣬֡ϷҹһĿ࣬ɴһţۣǿһס
ʲôŸոʮ֮һķ壬Ѿͻ쾳ˣ
Ҫȫ˷壬Ҫһٽʥˣ
Ϸҧ촽š
˲ˣǰٻΪξûпңСزϲأ
ֱš
Цվһԣ׵˫ˮˮģƺˮ
Ž壬ɵúá
ī׵ļ򣬡һСزӹؾг˳˳̨Ͽɣôһϲ¡ʱл᳢ʵǳ̨ˡ
΢΢һЦͷӦǰģ֮ǰȻһֱڱչأǶСزָơңҲʵǳ̨׼
źףīһο
͡
ٿأ࣬۷׷֮ʣٿأھŲ̨֮ϣһĿıƾճ֣һռѷУ͵رĳһ龫ֵŮȥȻСز
쿴Сزˣ
ʶ񣬵һʱ侪
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽Сزϡ
Сز˿ɫҰףƸով飬һ£ȴ΢΢ƣƺΪ
¡¡¡¡
һ̣Բʮɵĳ̨ҵ޾Ƴ˷ϯ
ȥɫĳ̨޾ı֮УҫĿƳ졣
⡭ƺ˳˳̨ϿɣҪڳ̨̨һʶˣ
Ϸ
СزɹˣСز˳һʶӣնһ
һСС
Сزڳɹô
ҵһ죬Ѿ̫̫ˡ
ٻһΣھŲ̨ϵСز·𿴵յԼид
һ̣ٻ۵ӨӨ⣡



1130 
¡¡¡¡¡¡
ʮɷԲĳ̨ҵ޾ıϯ죬ҡػΣɽ顣֮䣬ХŰĩա
ţҳɹ˵ھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣûʧ
СزվڵھŲ̨ϣȻһ֣ᣬسŰٻš
ǺǣҾ֪Ϊ㣬һʧģ
ܹ飬Ҳһܹ
ţ˿£һиõδգ͸Һúüߴ˴һ
ٻһοСز岻ϵ΢΢š
ѹĵִһ̣棡
ǰٻ־þ˵ҲԱƽ
Ϊ룬˵츳Ѫٻѷɫ
һпСز񣬳źεļ֮ɫ
ϣгһգҲܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
Ϸ߬ȭͷһɺƽ
˳ǫ́СزϷҹֵ֡ܣȫΪĽ
˵ֵܸں壬ҲǸŵ츳ѪһУڽĴڡ
ǺȻ뱾ΪСزȻҪ΢ѷɫһ
¼ֵܾǽʥ磬ܹаճһ³̨ھŲ̨׵ģҲֻӵɲļѡ
ķ֡ϷҹҪǫ́Ͽɣνϣã
£ֵܶԪ磬Ψһ̨ܹģҲֻһˡ
Сزɹ˳̨Ͽɣһͻ콫߲ʱ⣬ɺඥʺ죡
ī΢΢³һң΢΢ɳ
ǰ˵Сزἷ˭ڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
µؿī롣
īΪ֮һüͷ壬΢˼Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ˵׼ҿܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣʮѷֳһߵ
ԣƲƲ죬
ǼһʶӣһǿԿ϶ģǾǼ滻֮ӣ϶ߴ
ֻҪܹߴѿҾˣ
ٻͷһž˵
ʱ΢΢һЦԵעٶͶھŲ̨ϵСزһ񣬼֤һʷԵʱ̣
Ҫ֪ԴߴҸͶ𣬹Ϸ˺ĵشܹ֮ߴ֮Уһνָ
龳İٻһĵؼ˵ھʮŲ̨еһʶӡ
񣬱ΪСزҲ˳޵񣬶ңѶϵȰٻ뻹Ҫѡ
Х죬Բʮɵĳ̨ھһĶֹ֮ͣ˲Ŀʮɵĳ̨ȫ޾ı֮Уһ貶Ŀɫʺ磬ڶڳ̨Ͽգԣҫۡ
̼䣬ȫĦƽʥϴ

أƹӱ죬һϯӴһ쳹컯ɾ̼䣬ϵ޾ʿȫ𣬽ĿͶ˳̨ķ
ŹŵʥȪȣ죬򶴿ߣǺ컯ɾĵشߴĸ߲㣬Ҳ׷һɢΪضų̨䡣
һ̣Ŀ⣬ȫͶ˳̨˵Ϊ֮𾪡һֺƴͳеζϯϴ飬ƽһͷݵ
ಣ
ͬʱһƬã޼ʵԭҰ֮ϣһӰͣ˽ŲһҰ׵תͷԿ˳̨ķ׵ڳһܹڵһʱ䣬ϳ˱򶴿ߵڤ
ţ󣬺˳˳̨˳̨Ͽɣ
ĪǣһСزɹ˳̨ϿɣҪһʶӣ
һ֮䣬ڤ뵽һּĿԣʱһ־ֿ֡
ģû뵽һСزȻܹһʶӣǫ́Ͽɣպ򶴿ߣһСв
ǣһҪµʱ䣬ܹϻ򶴿ߣʱرɱ°ٻһȥ¥ˣ
һҪȥֵܸļƻҪˣ
ڤҧɫٿ
ڤ˵ɲİٻ벢£ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹټ֣һϾɱ
ǣʱȣڤɱȥ
Ǳٻ룬Ǳޱ޼ʵΧشڤҪѩޣǴˡ򶴿ߵҪҵһĴӪϣҲΪã
Ըɹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһСز
ڤҧ촽ڼΣ״£ԾɰţԸԼ۾



1131 Ӱ
ȣ
ھŲ̨֮ϣСزƺܵһεٻؽһڰһָ״Сʶӣ貱ļӳ£ɿûͣñһȭͷСʶӡ
ȭͷСʶӣСز޾ıԴ֮Уһө
ҪԴඥô
ٻһ
ڳסϷҹˣǵɴţۣѽǣһʡ
ЩڻĹҡ֮صڳ̨Ե˱΢
ಡ
ڣ˽ƹеĿУһɫʺڳ̨ϿգһϯأһȭͷСʶӣε֮£ɢĿı⣬ڶȻֻȭͷСڴʱ˿̣ȴ޾⣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫסˡ
ÿһ˵ĺȫΪ֮ͣͣضöʶӡ
Ƭ̣Ŀ֮£ʶӾһٷ˳̨ۣ֮ţ޾Ȫ۳𣬷Ͼ죬ԽȭͷСʶӸԡС
ʶܵԴඥɿתƺõһƵõɵĻԵȪĲϴˢ֮£ȭͷСʶӣ𽥱þӨ͸ԲϾˮһ㣬ɢһĹ
ԴඥϻԵõԴඥӽھܹһԴϣޱɣõҲˮ¾л
ī˫һһп
ס񡢷ֵˣȫôˣīһͣһզ̾
˵ڽԴඥ֮СزǱõ˽һھպǴĦ巨򣬶һݻԵ
Դඥڰٻ˵Ƿ
СزΨеõԴඥܹõɵĻᡣ
ٻ֮ޱȿؿСزǫ́ϿɣһΪ˳ͷأϣСزõԴඥ޾Ե
Ϊ֮̾Ϊ֮пʱ̣ţ˾̾һĻˡ
ԼĪȭͷСʶڲȻ𽥸ֳһӰңӰɫʺ£ӳһϴ֮ϣ·һ㣬羴
ৡ
һ˲䣬סϷ˵Ŀ⣬˲䱻
ͬʱ컯ɾĿ⣬Ҳ۽ϵӰ֮ϣһ羴۷׷ף
ֵһǣϵӰһŮٻӰһɴȹģ龫֣ѩ޳һ㾫µС΢΢һ̶ˮ˫֮УŰɱէһۣܹܵһŮеʡ
ϸۿԷ֣ŮϵӰӰӵġӰӣȴӰһֻ˶֩ģӰ
Ȼ˵ӰӲУļƵˣܹ׽Ӱ³Сزʵݡ
ţ
Ůƺûм
ŮǺηʥΪǴûм
֮ǰһ½ʥѻܿܿ˳һʶӣ񣬾Ȼֳһİף֪Ǻηʥ
ףŮӰƺЩŹ֣Ȼһֻ֩ģĪǣһ
̼䣬ڸŵĸ߲㣬һĿضСزӰЩɶͷԣȫ޷жϳСزʵݡ
һЩ˼ܵˣСزӰӣʼ˿ƲСزʵ
ȻʼգСزû׼ݡ
ڰٻǿҪ£ŤӰҪߴǰúóһڶ
⣡©ƫҹ꣬û뵽ϳ̨֮ӣһСز
ӣҪһһ򾡣Ͼɱļƻǳˡǣһ޴ԴУ
ڤһʱѽѣ޵
Σ¹شѾ컯ɾ˹עұҪ콫ԭί峤
ֻҪ峤һ϶ҲӲԶ
ɺ촽ڤʱ⣬ŲתҲˮԳ򶴿ߵķɶȥ
ͬʱڸŵĸ߲㣬һĵһϾضų̨Ͽյʶӣߴĸ߲㣬ǰһѺ
˵̨еʶӣ˼λʶӣߴ
˻ǫ́Ͽɣôʣһʿ̭
ڵھŲ̨׵֮˵ھʮŲ̨е龳֣ΪţϾھʮŲ̨еʶӣϽƵʣڵھŲ̨ףҪƵĶ࣡
ÿһʶӣڸ˵Ƿ컯ɾеľƣ



1132 ʨ
ಡ
ڣ֮ٻӰڳһӵʱɢͬʱڳ̨֮۵ʶӣ͵£·ȥ
ͬʱȫעĸŵĸ߲㣬һϢͣͣ
Ө͸ʶӣ䣬˰ٲ̨ף߰ٲ̨ףٲ̨ףٲ̨ס˳̨ĵײͬʱҲΪؼʱ̡
ٲ̨ףһʮ̨ס
˺٣ӿ죡
һٶʮ̨ףһ̨ס
ŵĸ߲һȫΪ֮ͣͣͷˢˢ䡣
ಣ
أӨ͸ʶӣӹ˵ھʮŲ̨ף£ŵھŲ̨ȥ
ʲôȻ滻˵ھŲ̨еʶӣ
ǲ˼飡ûϵھŲ̨еʶӣȻڶ̶̵ʱڣҪ֪ܹڵھŲ̨ռһȫǿѰţ
ţ֪ŮʲôȻӵ˾춯ص츳˷ֽ滻˭ʶӣ
ʱŵĸ߲㣬һΪ㵵СزʶӣЩš
˵עȫ۽Сزʶϣһ
ڣصһӨ͸ʶӣ͵Ƕ˵ھŲ̨ڲɢ٣һ̨Ϊһ塣

վڵھŲ̨ϵСزͺһһΪܵģ
ͬʱһöʶžһӳ̨ڰУתţ˿˿Ƶʶڲɢ˵ĿУԻΪһīḶ́ɿʧ١
𡭡
ʶһ˲䣬һŭʨҰƽһףȫµëȫ
ţ
ʨ֮ӡʨʶӣ
ٻ˫һڵһʱжϳʶӵ
ʨ
סϷ֡ҹˣȫˢˢؿٻ룬һ²
ʨ˵ǻʨĵڶʮŸӡҲΨһһ̳˻ʨѪޣ
ʨڵѪŨң˱죬ձ˱ʨ
Ȼ˵ʨ츳Ѫʨʨ֮һʨȣҪѷһǣʨУǽ˵Ĵڣ
ٻһ󼤶ƺСزܹʨʶӣеǳ⡣
ҿûнѻܿܿʶӸ
ĳһ
ϴ㲻԰ѻܿܿҲ˼ɣ
һЦشǰ
üͷһšżһۣѻܿܿ˵һľߣĳһ׶ε޵С
ҿɲϣ˸ܣ
ܹܰѻܿܿˣֻң
һƣǺ׶ڰѻܿܿĸоġ
û뵽СزȻʨʶӸˡҿʨĸھŴ֮УΪ񣬲Һ̤ʥ۷徳硣ӦǾŴ֮УԱһԱ
īһզ꣬Ψһܹ͵ģǱʨ˴ˣų̨еʶӣҲֱ߻䣬ĻԲᱻȡ
ԣ֡ϷҹˣɵһӿЦ
û뵽ڳ̨˳һʶ֮ҲҪʱʱ̿СģΪһпܱ˳룬
¸¸£һΣʨĸ߲϶ը˰ɣ
꣬ߴΧңʨҶʨν֮ǣܹﵽʨͷʺʵ̫ˣ
ٻһϲЦտ಻סĶĿܡ
һߣһ·ɣ򶴿߷ӵڤ͵һͷ˱ʶӣԼҰʨɵͫ׽һ
һСزƺʨһơʨʶӸˣ
ĿãҼֱԼ۾
ºˣʨҲ򶴿֣սͬˣ
Ͼ򶴿ʨڵھŲ̨еʶӣ̱ߣھӰ̫󣬱ҪһЩʩŤתˣ
촽ڤвɴ󶨣һ̲Ъس򶴿ߵķϯȥ
̨ھŲ̨֮ϣСزЦ绨ڰٻĻУ͵һԾһ·ɣ˰ٻǰ
ʲô
СزȻܹڳ̨ԵУ
һľ֮ɫ
Ǻǣʮ
ī΢΢һЦСزѾɹڳ̨һʶӣ̨֮жһ˿ϵھŲ̨µλãܵҪСö࣬ǷУҲûʲôԵġ
ײɻȻû뵽ڳ̨һʶ֮󣬿Ի֮ĸ
ʱʵǳ̨



1133 Ů
΢ḧʪ¶ˮƤһ˿⡣
֣Сزɹڳ̨һʶӣǫ́𵴣ϡչʱ򣬳̨Եشʵǵ㣬һ˲丶֮һ档
ȻٻţȴرٻŵϿգȻΪȶȫԼʵǡ
ī΢΢˫˼Űٻš
Ȼ˵īѾ֪ٻųڰٻ֣֮Ϊһʵǵ㡣
ǣӿȵĺУٻɿԴīΪ̾
ûжϴǰٻһʲôأûǹ
ī밵˼⣬ҿٻţԲ򵥣һԹ̨ͨķѰͨԲڶĻ£һرȶ
ȻĴ󣬵ī벢ûֱӽ¶
Ͼٻƿ׵˫֮Ĺϵոպתܹ໥¼ɣìܡ
ţ
Сز첽˰ٻǰŰٻ΢Ϣһ˫ˮӣЩʪƺΪٻĴе
Сزޡӽ˿һζһһ棬ɲĺӣ͵ᡣ
ٻϣ¶һĨ۰Цݡ
ţ
Сزص˵ͷţҴӦ㣬һúô˿컯ɾдһƬĽɽ
ٻΪοص˵ͷ
ϧĸ״ҲˡأСزһ˸С
СزҪڰ˳䡣
ٻ΢΢꣬ţ飬һΪе˵ġģʬ壬һƵرţص˿һҪᣬ÷¡أ
Сز֣صص˵ͷ
ٻʱһ֣ʬٻ˳
ɫȻӲСزһЩ̱ڵأ֮ʲǿѹĵļһУʬ壬˱С
΢ḧľСزо֮䣬һĨա
ţЩһʲô
أСزĿһһСɨסī롢ϷһˡģһĨ䱸֮ɫ
˵ˡ
ٻһ꣬Խָһ죬ָī룬λī룬ʥȪһ嵱ɲ֮ףʥȪȥͨҪ
һǸͽߴĹϵʮֶӡ
ν˵ĵˣѣѾΪˡ
ٻĵ
ţ
Ǵ˵еī룿
Сزһһһȵضī롣
ʣīţСزҲš
ûϵֳ£īꡣʱһɱ
СزӽǾһϵĻˣҪͬˣϣܹн٣ؽǡ
ī΢΢һЦ֣ҪСز֡
˵īǾΪСزǰСزʾãνʮ㡣
Сزü΢΢ԥվû
īνЦЦƺΪ⡣
Сز
ʱٻĿͶǹͦףСӣҪ¡ؽܡ
Сزתͷüס
壬Ǵ˵лĹʮеһŽ壡
컯ɾʱֻһʥӣȴڶ̶̵䣬ɹԪ죬һһѷţ
ٻ
Ŷ
Сز΢ؿףǴ˵ʮĹеһŽôǺǣܹڶ̶̵ʮڣԪ죬ȷΪѵˡ
Сز΢㣬ƺ׵츳ΪϿɡ
ٺ٣ǿûСزƺֵĵһӡ󲻴
վһԣϢϷҹֵܽš
СزֺлΪ£˫ɣΪĽɾ£һЦ
Ǻǣֵ츳ѪпνһָСزȻĮӡ
ҹСزţΨܹĿѰʿСزö࿴һۣ
֡Ϸ񣬾Ƿ׷׵ͷ
Сز֮ǰı֣Ҵ۽磬ǾԼˣʲôõҵĵطֻҪܼȻƴǡ
ײԣòԵسСزһЦ
Ϊйīǰ֮ҲûûȤҪ⡣
Сӣûп㡣
׵ı֣ٻ벻ǰһΪο
ײһЦ
׵ٻƿأҲѺõô
㣿
СزС΢΢Ϊ赭дػӦǸһ壬ˣ˿Ҳûʲôְλ
Ȼˣҽ˿չ׳֮󣬵ǿԿǽƸΪӳ
СزʶΪױģ׼ͶϣСزЯࡣ
ίܾ֮󣬲һŵԼӰο

δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȴΪ֮ȻһΪ޵ضСزŭ塣
ҲɫһΪεվԭأЩ޴롣



1134 
Сز׵ʾãǵֵΪĮңȻ赭дظһŵԻһӳĲ£ƺ˵ܹΪ˿ĻӳһĶͣҪǧлС
ϷҹֵһֵܣЩ಻סˡ
СزδҲ̫Ŀˣ
䴫Ž壬СزУȻֻ˿ڵһӳ
ǷôĿ
ϷĻƢʱѹƣ츳δɾСزȻֵһ׸һͷ֧Ʊܾʮĳ⣡ܵǣСزʼգûƽȵؿ֣һֱӸ£۸ڶ
ֿһ׿ԽӣˣΪеޣ
侲ĶҹҲ߬ȭͷһӵõСز
СزЩ̫
ҧǰٻƿϴһ̳֣Сزҵ
̼䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣһɫ࣬ŭصСز
գʱʮΣսһ
Ϸҹֵ˵Ŀ⣬Сز΢΢°ͣһ޿֡
Сز񣡡
ڣٻǰһһСز֮¡ؽŽ壬ɲ㵱һӳô򵥡
Сز΢΢һһؿٻ룬ƺǳȰٻάס
СزȻŽ壬ˣСزУӵȵֵһᡣǻĹʮʣҲֵһᡣ
컯ɾɽʲôĹʣȫһЦ
Сز㲻šŽ츳ԵܻҪ֮ϡ
˭룬ٻһ仰Сز׻Ŀ࣬һ˼ضףЦЦ
ţ㲻ǺҿЦɣΪ룬츳Ѫ컯ɾУҲһָĴڡʲôŽ壬
СزһֱĵĿ⿴ס
һЦԭڰٻȣСزʾãСز̬ȣƺûʲôҪˡ
һ˱飬ȻҪһسӡǣԼˣһɺŮ
СزҵĻѵôŽ壬챦ĿţҲҸѰٵһɽţͬ۹ãһõĻԵˡ
컯ɾ֮еĳɾҲ󣡡
Сزɣٻһ࣬˿ûпЦ˼
৵һ£Сزɫò԰ֽޱȻؿףǿһ֮УһĨη֮ɫ
㡭Ȼ˱챦磿
Сز֧֧س˼άһЩҡ
ԭ߸ϵ̬˿˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һľη
ʣŽʮĹʣ챦СزҪӿֲ
ϾӹҲֻǵļţ˳˱챦磬ЩһǴһĴڣǧš
ڣӵб챦ĿţлΪһƬס
˵ӵб챦еţе
ŽʣСزô챦Сزʧɫ
Ͼڱ챦磬ʿĴڣ
ǺǣҲûʲô˵ģһʱðˡ
Сزʧɫģ׵һЦΪ⡣
ȻƵᣬ֮Уȴֿ˻
Сز֪ǶôֲĴ˰ɣ
һЦԳ֮ǰȻҪָ㵱ӳǷôĿ
Ǻǣӵб챦δпܳΪһƬĴףõɡȻô׼㿴ŻԺ֪ǺǾ֮ܣʶǳ
ϷǸ˵˵顣
ٺ٣һΪСزжôĳǸ֣ŵûʧɫԲˣ
ҹһֻϲֵ̬
Է֡ҹϷ˵ķ̣Сزɫһü΢
Ϊ룬Сزĸѹһͷַ̣ȻЩܲܡһʱ֮䣬ҲʲôĽڣ޵ֱҧ
ţ
֮£Сزһţٻ룬Ž壬ȻԵ񣬵ǣ˵ҲֻԪ磬һ󾳽硣ˣһӶھΪϳңΪҵĿɽ
˵ˣʮһӾҪص壬Ҳ̤컯ɾһңֱǳ˵Σ
Сزʹ׵ߡ
һߣ׵ľΪ±СزҪһ󾳽硣
ڶߣһʮһҪص壬Ҳûа취컯ɾ
ò˵СزȻǸ龫ֵŮ˼磬Ϭ



1135 Ƽ
Сزɣ׵һЦΪ⡣
ȻСزɣУͲʲô⡣
һȻֻԪΪʥСزҪһءǣ׵ٶ죬Ҫ˶ãܹϣСز
һ㣬ĽٶȣͿɼһߡ
̶̵ʱ䣬ʥһԾΪʥ죬ֿٶȣСزҲòΪ֮̾
⣬ȻֻԪΪǣ׵ʵսȴ˿һЩʥʿѷɫ
˵ˣӵƣϽۣ˲Ǳ챦磬ÿһŵƣʥʿΪ֮
ټϵ֮ս裬͸ˡ
֮һ仰Ѱʥǰһ
׵ٶȣʮֻҪ⣬׷Сزֻʱ⡣
Сز޷ص컯ɾ⣬˴㣬İ취ʮּ򵥡ǾСزһڳ̨һʶӡ
һһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾ壬Ҳڸҡ
Сز
ٻ΢΢һЦףŽһҲ᳢ʵǳ̨ţһܹһڳ̨һʶӵġ
ʱһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾžۣ
ٻ˫˸˸Ź⣬׵ʮƶ
ƺ׻ǫ́ϿɣŲɡ
˻
СزԲɵΪ֮һһؿٻ룬תͷһףǿ׳һûм棬ҲͰˣΪ˵İٻ룬Ҳ˼ܹǫ́Ͽɣ
СزеЩŹ֡
ţ㲻ǿЦɣŽ壬ȻҲҪʵǳ̨ͼǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
δҲ̫Ϸˣ
Ҫ֪ܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣʥšȻ츳ڣ൱ǣȴԪ硣ҲһԪСܹʥ֮ӣǫ́Ͽɣֱǳ˵Σ
СزһЦζ׵ıġ
ʵϣСز۵㣬ʮ
ϾԪ磬ʥ֮䣬һԽĺ蹵ʵɱ䡣
׾Ԫһˣɨͬ׶֣ǣʥǰȻֵһᡣңҪǫ́ϿɣͱҪһʥг͵֮ӣ
СزȫͲܡ
ǰ²˳٣ھʵǳ̨
СزɣҲӧ
ԣСزɫһ׵ЩӣЩֻ
֣֧㣡
ֵܣ
ҹϷֵˣһƶЦ
ʹ컨׹ӿٿնҪĴֻʵж֤
ڲС
˭룬ٻ뾹ҡҡͷܾ׵顣
ʱпһϷ֡ҹˣҲһؿٻ롣
Īǣٻʵǳ̨ˣ
ˣҲûŤתǬİ취ˡ
Ͼڶ̶̵һʱڣҪҵһʵʵǵ㣬졣ң׵ƿڰٻУһߡ
š
ɫϾһˣٻ˰֣͵֮ǰСزʵǳ̨ʱնɱڤϧһڤˡ
ڤرԸǻȥȱȥˣҪ˶ãͻɱѩޣ
ٻһϾ
һ˲ɵûȻһҽ
ȷ
ٻһնɱ򶴿龳֣£ڤǿ϶Ҫɱѩ޵ġ
˵ز˾̻һطʵǡ
ī
˵˵ͷһû顣
˿
أٻͺһſһֱӽɺ֮ϵİٻţ˸С
һգ۵Ĺټһٻţʧ٣ԭָʵǵ㣬̱ɺθûңڳһ˵ȣȫһԼ۾
Сزھͽ˿и㣬ϣӽܹһͶ֮䣬ٳһƬȶʵǵ㡣
أٻתͷСز΢΢һЦʹһɫ
Сزһʱµ˰ٻ⣬ʱ˵ͷ
סī롢ϷһˣǾһԣһؿСزٻ롣
û뵽ٻƾű˿ܹٳһȶʵǵ㣡һꡣ
µǣⱾ˿ƺԴС
Ϸз⡣
ȣ
£ٻת³İ͸˿СزԼЮʱ䣬˾ͱһ޴ļƼƼɵĴϡ
ţȻǴͨطѵ˲ɣ
Ϸûطһۡ
˵ʵڰٻΪѵġ
˵֮⣬˵ȣ붼Ҫص壬Ҳ̤컯ɾǵõطҲûô
ױٻҲΡ
ٻ֮أΪī롣
ԴˣīζһЦҲƣ˫֣˫Զ࿴һۡ
īУ׵ҪԣɱʲôԿٳʵǵͨҪö࣡



1136 ǿд
ԼĪһʱ䣬ֻһٻСزƼһЦ绨
СزҵѾиˣϣܹúã˿չ׳󣡡
ٻһ֣صؿСز
Сز˵ͷ
ӽһֱ𣬴ŽıУ㣬ҲҪӦһ档
ٻ
Сزۿһ죬ţҲ뿪㣬صҵߣһ˿䷢չ׳󣬺òã
ʧȥ֮СزѾԸʧȥٻ׵ˡ
Сزߣֻ谭ĳɳѾһ飬˼ˡٻ̬Ⱦ
СزһΣӯӯ鼸ҪѿƬֱ֮ǿСزǿѹ˻ȥ
СزӣȻᾭҡǣҲŽ壬ģԣûбҪѹ
Ȼˣʵҵʱ򣬾ͿҵĹȡ
˵ţٻӻͳһ۵ĹȣݸСزΪ
СزźۼؽӹĨĨᡣ
סϷҹһվһԣЩͷҲҴߴ١
Ψī룬΢΢üĿϢڹ֮תƺɻ󣬲ʮƽһ˿̺ī˴⡣

ٻһӡ
ಣ
ʱٻһΣ˱֮Уɫһת׵֮С
̼䣬һȣԳԶһ·Ϳշӡ
СزټҴļԵˣ׵˵󣬲صͿշС
ΪŽ壬ҳΪ飬Ȼķ˼ϧƿŽҪЮ
֪ô֮٣ң
Сز΢΢˫ǰͦεıӰһʱ˼׷ɣЩҡ
֮ǰھ޴ļУٻȻûнʲô˿иСزֻһڣɫʯڹȥˡ
ڼеʱ䣬ٻȴǽһ֮飬һһʮظ߸Сز
Сز֪֮󣬲԰ٻΪеЩ𾪡

ת۴ºڤһƬ಻ɽϿա
շתȦһ۵ɽϿգһͳһöѫ£дʡ
ܿ죬Ĵ߶£ѫ֮ϵһȦȦ˹Σţһѫɽ֮䡣
һɽƾճһռ֮ţɱ۶ɡ
ಣ
ڤһ̲ͣŲһתԲС
һ̣ڤӰʧ٣ռ֮ţҲ֮
ռ֮źڤһƬ֮У֮УƵĶߣÿһߣһӨӨŹĺڶȥ飬֮
ڤŲͣԳشһ߷Ӷȥ
һ޴Ķߣɢɫ⣬ѰĶߣҪ򱶣ĶΧͺһ
һڤ˶ߵڴ
ϣϣ
Ҫأ˵Ȳڣ
Ӱƾճ֣һŷһؿڤ
Щ峤ͨʿȻҲ򶴿һˣǣ򶴿ڣֻ峤ͨһ˵ĻˣȫûʮֹŰϿᡣ
˵ڤ򶴿ҲǺĳϣȻֻ޲ߡ
Ҫͨ峤λʦͨһ
ڤæͳһƣһֺõЦ
һӹɨһۣһ˵ͷ
£һһΣƾʧ١
㾲Ƭ̣ϢȻ㡣ĻһĮ
ڤ˵ͷڻ̬ȣϰΪҲʲôס
ֻ£ڤʱȣݲð㵢飬޲ֱӴ붴ߣ峤ͨ
ԼĪһյĹǰȥͨĻٶȳڤǰ
ڣҿԽȥ˰ɣ
ڤȲȹϵϣת
峤ٿᣬκ˲߶šĲʱذɡ
˭룬ǲ䲻ȵػӦһ䣬˵ţһΣʧ١
ʲô峤ٿᣬ˲߶ţ
ڤпһ޵
ģҿҪ鱨峤̲ݻ
峤϶ΪСزǫ́Ͽɵ飬ٿᣬԲߣʱ򣬷ɭϣȷ߶š
ǣǵȥðٻصΧشҪҵٻ룬ͬˣ
һˣڤʱһҧ˫Ѫ͵سž޴ƥĶ߳ȥ



1137 Ѫ
ಣಣ
ûڤһٴڣ˶ţӰƾճڤǰ׷׼˸Եķ赲ڤǰһɫϾɱڡ
ڤϣΪúĳϣȻӽɣǿصأѵ췴ɣ
һҧأһ͸ڤһñӣڤй˼ɡ
ء
ͬʱһǴһݡʱһƺͯʵϵس˷
ʦܣԲסˡҲҪ췴ֻн״Ҫ峤㱨峤һ½ҵģ
ڤһʱűɽа˱󽣣һһСƾڰУ˸˸һѪǧĸо
ɱ
ɱ⣡
һۣʱҲ֣һҲƵسڤɱ
ȣ
ڤȳȫս
¡¡
ɽ鱩һɽХı͵س˷ϯڤӿ޾񳱣˲佫û
飡飡
Ȼ峤ͨʿǣϾҲֻʥ磬龳ڤǰһ
ֻһغϣͱɣһѪ̱ڵأһߡ
㡭Ḷ۵ģ
峤Źģ
ɫһ˫Ѫڤ޲ýʬΡ
ˣ
ڤŲһתһ̲ͣسڴ˶ȥ
ಣಣಣಣ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣӰƳˮһôӶڲӿֱӽڤƷ˳ȥ
ȥӰһһɫʽףȻ峤˽ʿҲػߵĻ
ţ
ڤɫһʱѽѣѵշҪɱô԰ټƵĻڤЩˡ
ɱ䣬ɱ峤ͨʿôһᱻͨ𷣣ʱ׷ڤԳܡ
̬ڤݲðɡ
ɱ
ɱ
ڤ׷֮ʣ԰ټƵĻһɱ죬״һ㳯ڤΧ˶ƺƴ˻
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ͬʱӰӸзӶһ㵵ؿڴ
Щ˾ӶзӶΪʲô׼Ҫնɱƽ
ǣһ뻤սˣȻǺĳڤһôԭأЩ޴
Ȼû˵ҳ֣ڤʦ
顭
ʱ԰ټƵĻ߶žĸڤսһšڤΪԱ˲ִ磬һʱʧ֣նɱ
ʱĻҪڤأ
ģټսȥҾͿ֧Ųסˣʱ򣬷ǵûл峤ϴпܱΪͽҾ֮У
֮£ڤʱһҧ⣬ʩչ˽ɴС
ͣ
ֻһСɺ쾫ѪĽ֮£͵ر䣬ЯһƬǺӣ˲һƬգ԰ټƵĻȫС
ʱ԰ټƵĻһ˫ʧ񣬺̶֮Уһٻɫ͡
ɱ
ڤ͵һšüͷҪʹɱ֡
ͬʱԹսڶһˣȫһڤֶθɵˡ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣһƺӴı͵Ĥͬʱһĺ⣬˲˺ѳգһĸ˳ȥ
ۡһڤһΣЩӸ߿׹вϵѪ
쿴ִˣ
ʱԹսһˣʶڵһʱ
ȥֻһüߣݲȵش붴ڲ·һƮƮɵĸо
еһһѪɫʱֻһɱ֮һڤɱ
üϣѪ
ˣüѵҪڤն
Ҫڤնô
ʱڳһȫզпһΪ֮
üϣ
ڤ̧ͷһѪִϣʱŵ˫ȷ͵عڵأͷʮ𼱵飬Ҫ峤ϣüܹһ棬峤
飡
üʩչسɴķƮƮڤǰ͵һŲ̤Яһ̩ɽѹĿֲƣȻ龳ڤԿܣһ̤ڵأţϵһѪסڤԴֻһšڤ̾ͻһغ



1138 
һ棿
üЦΪ򶴿ߵִϣִɽ˽ȻǺĳϣڽǰȫûʲôɽ
˵ţһֻڤͷ­ԱǵѪۣһעעѪȪһϵشѪ֮
ڳԹ۵ڶ뾪һס˫ֱӡ
ûϵִ˵Ѫںĳ϶˿棬ĵһ⡣

ڤΪһغʱŵɫҰףɢ
ڣѪûһ˲佫ڤȡڼѪ֮ͣ
ڤǷаԻǣͼңüϵͺһʵ
ִϣ
ڤһæģҪҪ峤棬Ϊ˱ʾҵҳϣԸĸ׳
˵ţһĸ׷״Ӹ߿еΪ֮
ţ
üһ΢΢ͷһӣһεϯĸǬţڤ˷ңնɱ˶ˣǳӵӰ죬սɣȫԵɸɱۡ³ұһΪԼĻᣬϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ü˵ţѪ֮УֵڤһһŲһתԽ붴֮С
գۼ䣬ڶгʧ
ִɱӺӽ󣬿û˵Υ³ˣ
ڤֵܣԸ³çϴ϶ʮֳղ֪ΪλóȻ췴
У϶вΪ֪ܣ
֮ӻǫ́ϿɣغĵشҲ̫ƽˡ
ڳһ۷׷ףƬ֮󣬷׷׷ظԵĶߡ
ͬʱüϵڤһ붴ߣʱһƬأȥһʹƵ񹤡
䣬ƣ뵣ɾûɵһá
ڤϡ
üɿ֣һǸؿڤЩأܿˡڴ֮ͥ£һҪµġ
ڤһɬվϺޱԹɫüϣл飬Ҳһ£ġ
ľĸ
üϰ˰֣һףĸڤһѯʵ㾿Ϊ£˼еҪ峤ϧǿҪأ
ڤӹĸܿµѪ¶һĨƺɫҵֵܣˣ
üϲɵȻһ࿩һ
һκ˶󲻵ڤһץסüϵֱۣüϣȥݼ峤ʮ𼱵Ҫ㱨
üϲһܹնɱڤֵ֣ܵʮֺ档һڤʮżҲûжʣԴڤһΪԻ͵ĻʹӶȥ
ڲ峤ͨһںĳϣҪ£ٿأüϴű˵ڤ˱֮С
ৡ
ʱһڳϵĿ⣬˲۽ڤϣһΪ
ЩƽʱڤϵȽ϶ӵĳϣϲ
ЩڤֵߵñȽϽĳϣ΢΢üΪڤеǡ
£
ı֮ϣһˣϣϢܣһֲۣһ磬ʮϡƽ
ڳڶ೤ϣ𾳽üڣԱϵ˱ϹϾû˵̧ͷ˵۾
ʣˣǺպͨ
򶴿һ峤
顱һڤϹϾĹڵأһεѹ£Ҷ˵һ仰ԴϵѪۣȻѪڤûʱд
ڤϣϧնɱͬˣ
ͨ΢΢˫Ŀ׶ƺһ۾ܹ͸ڤģ֮ǰǲȥʨ˵ûгɹˣ
̫ʧˣ
˵ɣΪҪӽɣң
ͨһʧڤ
ڤ͵ؿͷԴĵֱ죬ʼգҷԣȵͨ׼˵źޣ峤ǰʨ·ϣ˴˵еİٻ룬ҵֵܣȻڰٻУΪ˸ʳ

δ䣬ڳһڳϣȫΪ֮ȻһͷӶ
ȻڤĻڳĸ߲㳤ϣȫΪ֮𾪣е˼顣



1139 
ʲôڤ˴˵еİٻ룿
δҲ̫Щ˼ˣٻǷ񻹴һȻںĵش
İٻ룬ߴҪΪ֮û뵽Ȼٶȳˣ
ڳһںĳϣһĿ࣬е𾪡
ҲһЩڤϵǢĳϣʱһЦسǺǣҿڤ϶ʧܣ𷣣űһͼɻء
ûٻ־ԶôͻȻ֣ʮа˾ڤſںߣ
ʱмϲĳϣһƵýɡ
ڤϣ˵˰ٻ룿
뱦ϵͨһһϾضڤ˵˵ǰٻһʲô״̬
ৡ
ʱڳгϵĿ⣬ȫ۽ڤϡվڤԵüϣҲһؿڤ
峤ǰٻȻԪһšԭֵܣ뽫һնɱΪ򶴿˭룬ǱٻǸŸȫѹƣҿоĸĻҪȥֵһΪŵĸʳˡ
ڤһɥ
ţ
ٻѾһ꣬Ԫô
ͨ΢΢üʱ˵ͷ
Ȼڤڰٻͨڰٻ֪û̫ĳ롣
û뵽ٻǸţٶȳˡڣԪ£ɱԱ󽫣
ǲ򶴿պ컯ɾ죿
ʱмϻȭͷɱڡ
峤ٻ벻еҪǿ󡣶ңһ˰ٻһءڤ˵ǰٻӵһͨؼڳ̨ԵΪٳһʵʵǵʵǣ
δ䣬ڳһڳȫһŵڤ
ʲôûɣٻȻܹٳʵǵ㣿ǺǣδҲ̫Цˣò𾳵ĸ֣飬ڤʮа˾˵ˣ
ܣǰٻܹΪٳʵǵôߴһʱصʵǳ̨ˣ
ڤҪɻأҲҸɣ
ʱһЩϾڤĻʾǿҵɡ
ƽʱڤϵĺĳϣ˿ҲóȻڤ˵
ΪڤĻʵ̫ˣͬ
ţ
㡭Ȼ㣿
˭룬ڱϵͨȴ͵Ϊ֮һһϲضڤҵ˰ٻ룡
еһڳϣȫΪ֮һһؿͨ
ǺǣڰٻΪٳʵǵ飬ʵֻȼ֪
꣬ٻ֮Ծܾ룬ѡͼչڰ˴ƾľܹΪٳʵǵı£
ͨһĸпأһֱֻߴͷ֪ߴ֮Ҫ֣һϾɱҪɱٻ룬еһ
ϧȫʧˣ
û뵽ôȥˣٻȻٶȳںĵشΪؿٳһʵʵǵ㣡һǰٻҵʲôɽ
ͨüͷ壬˼׷ɡ

ڳһںĳϣȫΪ֮Ȼ
˭ҲûϵٻܹΪٳʵǵ飬Ȼȷ¡ңֻȼ֪
һڤ˵ԣٷ֮һʵЧģſڿӡ
峤˵ߴ֣ҪӰٻһʲôͷ
üһ档
ɣٻܹ֮ΪٳʵʵǵӵʲôͨΪӵŴ˵еɫʯ
ͨһϾ
ɫʯ
˲졣
˵У˲ɼϣ˳̨ɫʯǳ̨ϡ
ɫʯʮѵãΨɽɫɽУɽУһĴӪɫɽɫɽɫʯĵأ
ͨһһʮشǰٻ뵱ɽһе̳ڲұ˿У°ӵ컯ɾųΪ˵һɽһԱ
ΪֹҲƲٻһöɫʯΪɫʯ̨ܹʱصؿٳһʵǵ
ͨɵ
ʱȫһƬȻһ
ʣɫʯĴڣߴ˵һǱڵߴʵǳ̨õɵĻᣬѾߴ¢ϣպܹõɣҲֻߴˡ
ǣɫʯĴڣȴ¢ϣߴܵһĪĿֻţ



1140 ī
֮У˷򶴿ߵĸ߲㳤ϣһľܵв
ԭΪٻԪľɥȪˡɫʯҲٳ֡û뵽ǶҪǵʱ򣬰ٻȻٶ¡صǳˣ
ңʼʩٶȿٳһʵǵ㣡
ͨ΢΢˼Ƭ̣ٿ˫һڤڤϣɷڰٻԣһŮŮӵž˵츳Ȼʨıʨˣ
ڤͷʶǸŮǸŮСزһ塣жϣٻ˷ĵشٳһʵǵ㣬ΪСزŮ
ȫΪ֮ڡ
ţûɣϳ̨ŮȻһˣ
ѹŮӰӣһֻ֩һ壡
ţٻȻһŮܹѹڶ֮ӣڳ̨һʶӣ
ûжϴСزŮ츳ѪӦòȰٻٻԪǽɽϣСزˣ
̼䣬ټıУһ۷׷ףһš
Ҷ԰ٻ˽⣬һߴ֮ǡһΣ֮õϳ̨СزӰӻû֩ģҪѸ£ߴ
ͨ΢һͲµ߰˰ˡ
ϧٻԴıԣֻ֣֮
ˣ콫ϢɢţҪ˶ãߴͻٶ֣һϾɱ
ٻԪƾһʥСز֧ţҪ˶ãͿԳײͷ֮
ͨһӣ´һ
ʱмȥ콫ٻϢɢȥ
ţͨ˫һԿڤڤϣǷ֪ٻľλã
ڤͷ
ãڱԴȥɨڶ̶̵ʱڣٻ뻹ûԶ
ˣ׼һдɱ
ͨһӡ
̼䣬ڳһںĳϣʼɵæµ
һͨҪһϾɱڣҪԴѰҰٻ䣬ڤһϲ
ò˵һѵأʱ䣬ĳϾͽϣ׼һ׷ɱ
ڤϣ˷־أ´󹦣ҾҲ׷㵱ңɱ˵ˡ
ͨɣڤǰһſڣڤһϣܹ˳ҵһ壬Ļûлӣ
ڤ
ˣڤϡ
ͨƬҪ˵ʨתˡ
ڤɫһ֮£ֻһӱٻһУݸͨ
ܿ죬ͨͽнһĳϡ
õĺĳϣһĻŭţûʲôѶȣĹ֮ͣǰڤüŪһڤŭ

һϾɱ
ͨӣƺƵسԶϯȥƳ졣
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ڵһܵػзɱڡ

ת֮䣬Ǵ¹ȥˡ
һˣҹЪظ·ͣ˽Ų
λʱȣǲ￪ʵǵ㣬ʵǰգ
תͷ󷽵Сز
ܵѯʵСزƫͷȥⲻ׵Ǻǣ㳢ҲãʵҪ롣
˵ţǰԳų̨ԵɺηӶȥ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢضСز
ಣ
֮еɫ֣͵һһ龶ԴɫзӶȻǵİٻ롣
˿
ֻСزͺһһΣһƬīУţһֻӴ룬ƾճ֮С
ȥֻһֻӵϰ룬ǧƵצɺ֮һ첲ϸ˿
ٻ͸˿ͬСز³˿īճޱȡ
û뵽龫ֵСزָɱӺ˵ĺˣ
ò˵ⰵı壬ٻҲѷɫ뿴ֻڱ״̬ⲫǽǶôĶǵĳ棿
Ϸһпꡣ
׸ֶĿ棬ϸضСزһһ˫֮Ǿ֮̾ɫ
ī΢΢˫΢΢̣Цζ
ಣಣಣಣ
ܿ죬һ첲ϸı˿ͻ۳һīţɺ֮ϣ˾ǣī۶ɵһɲǣԭκ˵Ŀռ䣬˲ָһֻεĴ֣һƶƾӪһȶʵǵ㡣
ţ
ǡī۲ϸ΢ܿǰһöī·һ۵Ĺȡ



1141 ٵǶ
ȻСزȲصʮΣǣīĿ£ȻΡ
Ȼһȣ
֮ǰҾһֱڻɣٻܹ֮Ϊؿٳһȶʵǵ벻ӵʲôͨؼǵõһ
ֻûϵȻһ۵Ĺȣ
īһ󰵰ľ
ԭīΪܹٳȶʵǵıһǳҲǽĴڡ˭룬Ȼһ۵Ĺȣһû̺
СزȵݵīǰīҲҲʲôĵط
֪ȣʲôͶɵģطǳϡ
īһ
ȻⶴСزٻܣǣīʼնһ絭ᣬ˿ûʲôȻһž޲ģ
ಣ
СزһīţһһӣƷһƮƮ׵˵ǰ̲Ž壬ѾһīţԳʵǳ̨ˡ
֣úñ֣Сز۽磡
ٺ٣Ǽְ
Ϊһ̣Ѿȴ̫ˡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһûȭͷס
׵һЦԳīȥһһתͷϷ֡ҹֵܣֵǣʵǳ̨ĻᣬʮѵãҪҲһһҲܹõȪ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһһĿ¶⡣
΢Ƭ̣׷ҡͷ֣ǵ츳ҪϵھŲ̨ףʮּѣͲˣ;׹䣬Ц
ûһڳ̨ϳʲôأ»ġ
֣µ֮ȫϵھŲ̨ףǣԶν
֡ϷҹˣܵСزͷı飬Щ̫˼׳
ٷϻֵһʵǡ
״һӡ
ȥɣСزӪʵǵ㣬ʮȶʵʲô̫ΣաīҲЦȰ˵
ǳѵõǣּĵĹؼʱ̣ȻıˣȻǷǳɵġ
ãȻˣǾ͹ˣ
ٺ٣˵еĳ̨ˣ
ϷԸ꣬µһͲסСزмĿУ޴֮īţǸȸԾģͺ̰ĺͯҵһİߡ
֡ҹˣ
ȣ
׵ͺһתӡһΣͻΪһ⣬ī֮һţ˳̨ĵײ缸һѵõĻᣬǿԷֳһߵ
˵ţֽŲãһֻԳһų̨Ϸȥ
ãȾͱȣ
⣡
Ϸ뼧һЦ
붫ҹһۣҲʾ׷׳īţ˳̨ײһպ«ưҲƵ˳̨

ϷȫⱩ͹𣬸ܵһɽѹͷʱҪԼѹ壬Щһû
ںܿϷ͵״̬ظ
Ȼ˵Ϸ֪׵ʵҪԼһǣûбٱ£Ϸϣܹ׵ĲҪ˦̫Զ
֣ƺǳ
ܿ׷ϷǺϷһЦ
֮£ֵþҪɵöࡣ
ϷŴһ˼ôơ
ҹˣ·˶ȣȻóȻ׷ٶȡ
ǺǣȺҷȻΪ͵һЦ˴СزɨһϷˣһɫŤʹģ˿ı֮ɫ
Сزúá
ʱٻһΣСز࣬һѾܹΪʵǵ㣬˿һ˵һǣǧ򲻿Ƶĵش˳ʵǳ̨رͻˣлǫ́ϿɣſԽĵشðʵǡ
Ͼô˵ĵشߴϽ򡣡
ٻǧ
Сزһʼգûһ˿һͷ顣
໡
ͬʱѪɫһͺڳ̨·ϵΪʵǵ׹軶
ȣʳٿسԶշӶȥգۼ䣬ʧ٣Ҳ֪ȥĶ
Ž壬һҪɹҵϣȫˣ
ī͵߬ȭͷ׵񣬶һ˿Ρ
һյĹֻһȣ͵˵һ̨ףһԽǹͦһڵһ̨֮ϡ



1142 廨ͷ
īǰ
Сز
˳ϵһ̨׵ף˿٣죬һ˷ܵسŵϵīСز˫֣
ò˵վڳ̨̨ϣΨҶһɽСĺ顣
ΪŽ壬ϵһ̨ףֻһյʱ䡣
īһЦӶ˫֣ʾ⡣
Сز΢΢ЩȣȻûϵ׵ϵһ̨ף˵׾٣ֻķһյĹ򡣲ˣҲŽԪףܹ˳ǫ́Ͽɡ
ߣһ̨ٿҲûãսں棡
׺Լ֣СزûطһۣᡣڣЩޣֹһȻ֮ͥºңҸӣᡣ
СزĲмٻȴǱֵ÷ǳ飬ϵس׻֡
ţ
أ
ϷţԭΪ׾Ϸ׵ĵط˭룬ͣһ̧ͷȻʧ٣ϷЩᡣ
쿴Ѿ˳˵һ̨ף
ִ
ʱϷҹˣ׷̧ͷȥһ־ϲ
ҲҪӰѾˣܱ˦̫Զ
ͺһԪƷˮһҲƵùĵ
£ٶȣ˲һΡ
Ϸ󣬿нţ֣ڶλˣź֮⣬˶ѹһͷ
ϷһЦ˫ֵָ͵һƴɽһɿسų̨ϷʵǶȥò˵˼צӣϷʵٶȸһΡ
У޵״̬
ܿ죬Ϸ뼧񲢼ָ¡
ڷ붫ҹˣǲȻһһӡʵǡ
Ǻǣ֣Ǽӡʵǳֲ̨˭ʵǵÿ죬ȵ˭ʵǵøߣҹһζЦ⣬Ϸ뼧Щ³ç⡣
ûڱ뼧ڵûҪ˶ãǾͻп಻ˡֵһЦ붫ҹһг
΢ḧ̨ײһˣͺһֻֻһԶΰĳ̨ӳ£С
缸ӰѾ
ǣ
ʱһ̨֮ϵףһЦתͷʵǵϷˣһк
࣡
ͬʱһȪƫе׵ǰ

һӣӻͳһƿСýȪװƿ֮УţֵϥʼָĵԪ
һĻСزٻ뿴Ŀࡣ
ʲôŽȻڵһ̨ϾѡϢ
ٻһľ
СزһЦĲм֮ɫһһڵһ̨׾ҪԭϢ̶ֳȻͼǫ́Ͽɣǳ˵Ρ
΢ḧɳ΢΢ϲɾСزȴǺ⣬оЩĻŭţŽϾֻԪ磬ͨ˵־ΪܹϵĲ̨ףѾǳˡ
ҵҪļһһͿ֮󣬻һʲô
СزһˣʱЩѣЩȲҪ״ӳ̨׹Ǳĳ档
Сزٻľﲻͬǣī˫ֱأһƵģƺ׵ľٶϰΪΪ档
׽Ӵôī׵˽⣬ȻҪ͸ԲСزٻܹᲢ۵ġ
īǰ
ʱһЦ绨Сزīǰһµɫī룬Ȥ֮ǰ㲻ظ֤Žܹǫ́ϿôΪŽϵһ̨׶ҪϢ
ѵϵһ̨ףܹǫ́Ͽɣ
СزƤЦⲻЦڴīķӦ
˭룬Сزʣī벢ûһ˿һΣڣΪζҡͷһЦСزѾ˳̨ϿɣҲӦ֪Ҫǫ́Ͽɣʵǵٶȣǹؼڡʿǹؾ
ȻʵٶҲӰ֣ôΪʲôҪǿٶأī뷴ʵ
СزϢһϣܵҪһſڣȴַûʲôɷģʱǣеΪơ
ȷ
ʵǳֻ̨Ҫܹ˳ϵھŲ̨ףǿٶȡȻʵٶȣʵһ淴ӳǣܷǫ́ϿɣٶǷ㹻죬û̫ϵ
ɰܵĹؼܷ˳ɹؾĿ顣
ߣ͸ŽɣҪ˶ãŽͻӳ̨׹һͿأʱǴ컨׹ӿ޼£
СزƲֵذ˼⣬ٿһ̨ϵף޵



1143 Ů
̨ײȫϷҹ֡ˣһ׵кȫһһĲ졣
ʲôҪڵһ̨ϵǣ
ϷһҪСزǰ֤ԼСزĺøСΪβСزһһٵ̨ףڵһ̨ףѡԭϢ
ֵϵһ̨ףͲķʲôԪȻѡԭϢ׽
ҹ΢΢üɫЩŹ֡
ֵĴ㣬ǾͲҪҲ²ˣϽϵһ̨ףֻϲ
΢ӿһЩٶȡ
ȥתѾСʱȥˡϷˣ˵һ̨׵ıԵ
ȣ
߾
Ϸ뼧˭Ҳ˭ڿҪϵһ̨׵һɲǣ׷ױȣһԾ˵һ̨ףʤ
ꡱꡱ
ϷڴϢŴźưܵķһϵţ಻Զļ񣬲һЦ֣һǴƽ֣һʵǵڶ̨ףҾԲ׷ң
һɵļϷҧгݣһƶ
ԣɸеһЦ֣ľһΣ֮ûзֳʤô˵ţһϷŰĿ⣬Ϸ
ȷ
Ϸϵһ̨ףţʮƣۡ
ȴĲȻҲЩϷõòһ㡣
ҪֳһȻҪʤһ
㡭
ϷϢһϣֱ
ʦ֣̫ˣ
ʱϵһϲػӶ֣ŵһ̨ϵϷʾ⡣
ϷʱϲЦտҲ뼧֮죬תһǣǸģһļ񿴵һθЩŻ¡
ܿ죬Ȫ䵽Ϸ뼧֮УŸԵȪ˫˸˸Ź⣬Ļŭš
ٺ٣ƾԼŬնȪ
Ϸ촽⿺ܡ
ŴȪڲ˱Ƕҩ㣬񲻽оһĿ
֣
֣
վΪ͵Ϸ뼧ļ򣬡ץʱ䣬Ϣȷ붫֮һʵǵڶ̨ס
һʵǳ̨˵ʮֹؼһλᣬҲһλᣬǧи

ԣϷ׷׵ͷ΢΢һЦ
֣ʵҪǣȫԽԶԶ˦СزĿ࿴ΪƫҪŲǣ
Ϸвزס£ѯ
Ҳһؿףڴ׵ĻӦ
ײһЦһЦ缸ǿֵͬܣѵһƼˮСزܹǻҪ𣿡
δ䣬Ϸ뼧ɵ΢΢һһʱ֮䣬ΪжҲܹĻ
ȷ
ֵֺ֮һƼˮŮ˵ûʲô
׿Լӵ㹻ʵСزĿ࿴ÿչ¶ҲСزķڷ
֮£Ϸҹ񡢷ֵܣпһʵǳ̨պҲ̨̤һԣչ˺ֵܣΪĵ顣
֣ҿҪ˼ʵǵڶ̨װɡ붫֣Ҫȵܹ꣬ϵһ̨ףǻǵĺȣ
ϷϥһոյõһȪٻ˳׼ϢĩˣȻȤһʾԼԽС
֣ϣϵڶ̨ף̨֮㻹յ˵Ц
ҡͷһЦԱĿ
׵һЦҲڵأнºϷͬǣʼգûȪ֮һָ
ڣڰҹʱ̣붫ҹ½˵һ̨ףһ˷Ī
֣֡
Ϸ͵˫ЦҲ̫ˣҪ˵Ҫǣѵϵ̨ˡ
붫ҹ뷭һۣû˵֣֮⣬ֵܵʵڲ֮䣬ԽУΪǰˡ
ҹĻӦǼ򵥴ֱɣ
ϷϢһϣòѪ
ܿ죬붫ҹҲԵõһȪһϥ
ָ֣ôˣҪָܹȫ
ʱҹѯʵ
ǺǣֻҪһ͹ˡϷͦͦظ⡣
붫ҹԲһЦֻҪ͹ˡ
ϷٶѪŭ
𲻷˭㲻ϧԪһζ׷ٶȣĵԪȻͶࡣ֣û̫Ԫġ
ҹһȵ



1144 ݻ
ԶҹĳϷŭЦ֣˭˵һζ׷ٶȣԪģҡҡͷϷһΪ㾡ȫˣʵϣֻ˲ɵĻͽָ˦ˡ
˵ģ֮ҪһҪȷܹʱڻָȫһҾܹʵǸ̨׵ʱ򣬱õ״̬
ϷҡͷһЦ֣Ȼȴһһӡ˵ĵԪҪٵöࡣǣʱĻִָ֮ͬһߣǲûʲô
ԣҹֲһЦҲϷۡ
ȻԶҹϷ˽⣬ԲϷӵܵĻô˵ֻڸԼһ̨°ˡ
˵Ϸ۲ûдǣԽϷҪĻָʱͻԽԣҪʱڣ׻ָȫܡ
ԣڽʵǹУѡһʲôսʮֵĹؼ
Ϸҹ˵ĳܰ죬ϰΪҲΪ⡣
Щһĵʱ򾭳죬𱰣ǲгƽϵŮһ
ܿ죬Ǵʱȥˡ
붫ҹ˫³һ״̬״̬ȫָ۷̶ȡ
֣ǻָˣ̳ʵǵڶ̨װգ
ִ˴˫֣ӧ
ҹ뼧Ҳס
ҡҡͷֻûлָϣٵȵȣеʱ䡣
ԣ붫ҹһЦ޿κεصȴš
ڼǴյǰ̽һЩնɳ֮ͨȻ˵ʵǵһ̨׵ĹУҲ˲ٵԪ
Ǽӵɲ壬ǻĹʮпǰʣָȻҪϷǿöࡣ
ڣֹСʱ䣬ϷҲָˡ
֣´οɱôҶһˡֳԹ
ûҪʵڼֲסҲǿǲᳰЦʲôҹһЦ
ϷûðɣޣǶʲôڵԪ޼ʣһƬ󣬻ָȻҪһЩڵԪǳϡ٣һ̲ˮָȻͿ죡
ô˵ҵЩͬǡϷ΢΢°͡
ˡȻλָˣǱ㿪ʼʵǵڶ̨ס
״һӡ
ֻϷһȣ˳ֻ̨ɽףͷ粽á
һĻҹһЦ²ؿʼ̨
ףǲֶµϰףŲؿʼ
ò˵ڶ̨׵ĹУܵѹҪǿࡣ
ǣȴһ絭ᣬʮɵ̬һ·ͥŲһת۾ͳ˶ҹ֣żϷ׷ȥ
ȣ
߾
Ϸ뼧һʩչ־һ·׷Ҹϣʮּҡ
ͬʱ̨·СزٻˣȴǿЩģȻ
һЩһˣĿ˸˸Ϸҹֵ˵һΪۡ
ȻѰʿ˵Ϸֵ˵츳ѾĽʺˡ
ת֮
Ϸһǰһ಻ףʱ˿̨̣ڶ̨ףҲֻʣ²׵ľˣۿҪǶ
ٺ٣Ҫεͷˣ
˷ܲѣ͵طһԾ׼ϵڶ̨ס
ಣ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣһӰƹһ˲Ӽһţ˵ڶ̨ס
ţ
ȵһԾأϸƣһơ
ϴͲҰεͷúֺһôҪѹһͷЩˡ
ã´㡣
׵ͷһЦˬشӦ
𡣡
˭룬ǿֳ֢ˣҪʵʵʤһҪˮӮˣҲʡ˵ţҲףԹԵشӻͳһƿǰȪװУСرţϥʼһ̲ͣϢ
Цҡҡͷ
ţϷһذδУ˵ڶ̨ףһһֱۣ֣һӮһ֡һ֣һӮҾͲţûɽһʼ޷սʤɲ壡
Ϸһʮˬѡ䡣
УȻЩʡ
֣Ҫãܹȫָʱ׿Ϸǰѯʡ
Ϸһεһʩչһ־ķ˴ԪҪָĵ죬ܹȫָ
˵ţ޿κεôͷ
ò˵һϣ붫ҹȼ֮ѡ񱣴ʵ̷
ӵɲ壬ָͱаˡ
΢΢һЦеһȪݸϷһȪ㣬˳һ֮룬ܹȫָ



1145 
ϷɵΪ֮һһȵضף촽ͣȴöδ˵һ仰
š
״ߴһ
֡
Ϸһе㲻ðɣôܹԪһָ״̬
Ҫ˵͸ϷһȪϷҲͽˣûʲô˵顣ϾǸ۲۵еȪϰٵΣںһȪġ
ǣ׼ԳϷָԪϷЩܳˡ
Ͼ˷ʵǳ̨ײǣֵУҲֻһˣӵŻǫ́ϿɵǱΪϷԵʣڵԪӶʧȥ˻ǫ́ϿɵĻᣬôϷǳھ
ԣһҪԼָԪϷ־ϲ߷ֻ̿֡
֣֮ͱƴˡ
ҡͷһЦԵΪɣģ̶ֳȵԪģ˵ȫǲ׺һֵһᡣ
ϷĬ΢Ƭ̣ҧӦ
ã
ϷֽӹеһȪһмؿף֣Ҿ͹ˡһǿΣ㶼ҪΪҵԼʵǳ̨ļƻҽ޵ݣֵܣ
ܵϷе֮ɫһЦ˵ͷ
£Ϸϥƽ죬ϣʼȪ̺ľϷ֮£˿˿ƵһɢӿϷŵʮëС

ͬʱϷ˫شϷļϣһ̣׵ڣ˲ӿһɾԪһ̲ͣӿϷ澭֮С
ԪһӿϷ壬ͻס澭

Ϸ鲻Խƺһ˺ԡȪ֮Уȫµë׾ſ
׵Ԫ£ϷоԭĽ˲䳩ͨ裬ܵԪҲʱúࡣԼ壬˲䷢ɱ䣬һԾʥ硣
顭
Ȫת޾ӿϵӿϷʮëУٶȣ֮ǰҪʮ౶
ͨ˵̶ֳȵԪ̫ں嫣Ϸ˾ţܲסԱ
ǣ׵ıݻ֮£ȵȫҪһ
ţ
ϴȻְָֻˣ
ʱĿļ˫ͫһŷϷֱΪϷΪ˻ʤȻ񣬲ϧա
񿴵ϷףʱȻ
ϴҲǵģҪ˷Ѿ֣Ҳ޿áֹһ˫ȫޡ
£Ϸװʱڣָ۷״̬ȫû⡣ԣҪʮֵľ񣬲Ųʵǵ̨׵ʱ򣬱ϷԽ
ò˵ĺʤģǷǳǿġ
ţŽڸʲô
̨ײСزһĿضŵڶ̨ϵףһȻϧԼԪ˻ָ״̬ݺݵһĭСزо׾һͷβķӡ
ĻΪλʵǳ̨ĹУν飿
Ҫ֪ÿһҪǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣΪ˳ڳ̨һʶӣҪǰȫ׼㾡ȫʵǳ̨ĹУǲһʧ󣬸Ե޹ʵ˷Ԫ
ĻҪڽȻľУ˳һʶӣǳ˵Ρ
ǣףȻϧԪϷָ״̬ʲôΪ
Ǻǣ֪һгоԵİջǫ́ϿɡΪ֮ʵʧ֮һڣԼ̨¡
Сز΢΢̣׵ӡ
û뵽Žʵǳ̨Ĺؼʱ̣ȻչֵܣȻЩԴȱηġǣһӾһ֮ˡҽСزиպӾԲṼҵ
ٻڶݵľ֮󣬶׵Ϊĸߵۡ
Žһ֮ԲԭҪֵǱݻֵóޡī΢΢һЦǴ⵽׵Ŀġ
ͬʱһˣ׵Ϊһ࣬۷׷ס
еˣ׿ԴԪ磬ͼǫ́Ͽɣͼã񻹲ƴȫغܿͻꡣ
ҲеˣȴǱ׵塢ȣȫ۷Դ׵̬ȣ̼һ߶ȡ
Хɳ죬֪䣬Ǵʱȥˡ
ҹˣһһӡ½˵ڶ̨ףһһ



1146 Ȯ
࣡
࣡
ҹ֣ԵõһȪ׷ģ׼ָ״̬
ٿأ˵Ŀ⣬Ϸ׸ˡ
֣쿴ֺڰָֻԪһ֮ɫ
ţ
ҹĿһһϷףɵþ֣Ƭ֮۵ֲðһŻ𣬡֣Ȼ˲ʶ壬Ԫָ״̬ѵܹһϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
ͷǣϷоʵΪУߣΪֵԵʣûڳ̨һʶӣôֵʹˣ
£붫ҹһۣ첽Ϸǰ߳ȵ֣̫˽ˣ̫ˣ
Ϸ˫ԡȪޱȵʡ͵붫ҹȻ˫˶ͷһˮһֵضŷ붫ҹ֣֣ʲôˣ
Ǻǣʲôˣ
һƣûطһۣһˣѵͼϵھŲ̨ףȻ֪ܵԪָ״̬ǲ֪ô
֣̫ˡ
ҹҡͷ̾ϢΪؼ飬˳ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡ˵ϵش󣡶㣬ȴΪһ֮˽Ԫָ״̬
Է붫ҹϷʱϢһϣһɫͲûʹ飬붫ҹԭˡ
֡
֡
ʱ΢΢˫ȿڵ飬ģ޹ءǷģ̶ֳȵԪģ˵ʹֵһᡣңŽĻָһʱ䣬ָܹȫӰʵǡ
ʼգ׶һĺЦݣĵظҹֽԵɡ
ò˵붫ҹΪһůΪж
ţ
ô
ҹֲһ
ԭΪ϶ϷףײΪѵشӦϷָԪ˭룬ȻϷˣȫĸԸġ
ȻϷǣ붫ҹȴ˿û̬Ȼ͵˼бһϷ˵ˣʵãҪϸߵ̨ףͱһζ׷ٶȣ˴ԪԻָҪֳ˲ʡģ
֡
һؿףΣڿʼͲҪٹˡֵܣܲܵϸߵ̨ףȫν㣬ֲܳء
׵һЦо붫ҹЩС
֣̬
ҹûбϷһۡ
ǣǡ
Ϸæͷ֣ͬлָɣĻ·붫ֻ̲סҸɱˡ
ϷһɥģһЦϷļ򣬡ãҴӦ㣬̨ϣٰǻָ״̬ڻȫָģзִ硣
õ׵Ŀ϶𸴣Ϸ붫ҹˣҲغһ
֡
֡
װ˰֣кҲץʱ䣬Ͽɣˡ
ҹȻ򣬵ϥһȪһ̲ͣ
Хҹ
ܿ죬ʱҴţһˣһΣµصȴһ˼ʵǸߵ̨ס
Сز˫ֱأضףᶨ
ʣСز׵̬ȣûܻǫ́Ͽ֮ǰɶҡ
׾ֵ̫ýڳ޵飬СزУ޼ֵԡ
̨ϣڶ̨ס

һվ֮ϣһĨ䣬ٺ٣˳һȪΪͻǣҪ˶ãܹһͻƣԪˣ
ʱ֮Ĳ࣬һС
Ļŭţ׷ףһֱǼһĿꡣ
顭
ٿأϷڣ͵ӿһɺ嫵Ԫ糱һ˷ϯ
̼䣬񡢷֡ҹˣ׷Ϊ֮һһһؿϷ

Ϸ͵˫֮ϣһĨȻЦ⣬ɹˣҳɹͻƣԪ쾳ˣ
˵ţ͵һԾ𣬺Ծڵڶ̨һ߸ߡ
˻
δ䣬֡ҹ뼧ˣȫһһĿضϷԼĶ䡣
ʲôûɣڶ̶̵ʱڣ˳ָϣңһͻƣԪ쾳ˣ
Ҷģ
ֵĹֶͣԲĻԵˣ
Ľʺޣ
ҹ֡ˣһӿЦɫŹ֡



1147 ųߵ
סϷҹֵ֡ܣڽ컯ɾ֮ǰֻа벽Ԫ磬ʥӡ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣȻͻƣԪ磬Ϊ˴˵еʥߡ
ò˵ɾͣʮ˵á
ֵ˻ص壬һȻ󲨡
УϷҹˣڲϵؿ̿׵ĸЯ࣬½ʥ߶쾳硣
񣬸һٽʥ쾳磬лͻƣʥ쾳硣
ΨףѲʥ쾳磬ȫǿٶȡ
̶̵꣬ͻһ󾳽磬С磬ٶȣһܹ󼰣ѰʿҲҳܹӵ˱̬ٶȣǣȴʵʵڵˣ
ò˵Ǹţ
ԭֵˣһ̬޿ɺǡ
۾Ϊеڶʥ쾳磬ҲΪ˵á
Ϸ֡ҹǰڲ֮䣬ʥ߶ľΪ
Ϊ˾ͻƣһֱڰϾϣܹһʥ쾳磬ѹֵܡ
ԸϷʵˣ
÷붫ҹΪĽʺޣ
֡
֡
ϷQһȦ֮һ˷붫ҹǰЦ˼ͻƣʥ쾳磬ܿҪ׷ϼ֣ƽƽֻԶˣ
֣ǲ
ûطһۣ˷ܹ˳ͻƣǵֵİûֵİ˵Ҫٳ߸ͷһˡҪָ۷״̬Ǿ޿ܵ顣
ûȻһʥ쾳磬ǣֵЯſһδŷҹӵۣǲ
㣬ǡ
ϷϢһϣԭڷ붫ҹǰúóͷֵܸ׳Ƴ˭룬Ȼһ
Ϸûһ˿һƣ⼤ת׵ǰһӵ
֣ô˵һΣܹô˳ͻƣȫĸǸм
ϷЦе
ʼ򣬵һЦǺǣǾ֮Ͱˣҳݡ
˵ţк˷֡ҹһ֣֡˾ָ״̬Сʱ䣬ǾҪ̣ȫʵǵ̨ˣսԽԽϾ
ǡ
ǡ
붫ҹ׷׵ͷǣأϥһ̲ͣ
Ϸ뼧Ǵյһ˵ؿʼ죬ֱҡͷ
̨·һˣտķˮһֱ
ôŽȻɽϷһ磡
Ž壬ͨ󣬶̶̵죬Ϸһͻƽţ
ҪһͺãӽҲ֪жٻԵ˵أ
һˣһޡ
СزȴǱһһı֮ɫң˳ˮ۵飬ֵôꡣڶѾȥöˣȻǻڵڶ̨ϣǹġ
īٻһ𣬵ʲô˵˵ţӺ»ЦݸѤá

ڣ״һӣٶȳŵ̨ʵǶȥ
֣һһҪӮһ֣
Ϸոͻƣ죬һҪѹһͷ
ڼȻʾϷ˭Ҳ˺һ
Ǻ˰ۡ
бһϷ߷߳
ˣֻҪָָ״̬´ˡҹȻЩ޲ߵĸоϷ
֮ǰһϷͷڵһӪ붫ҹ·ڵڶӪ
ס
һΣѡڵһӪڶӪ֮ǻܶƺûнʵǳ̨£ΪϷҹһ˵Ļʱػҡ

ϷɫǺ죬Ϣţ̨׵ѹδҲֲ̫ˣڶ̨׵ѹҪ˽ʮҸо׹̶Щͨˡ
֣Ȱ㻹ǱˣĻܷϵĲ̨ףһδ֪
һЦһζضϷ
Ϸҧŭޣǹ²գΣҪӮһ֣ĻһĶȥã
һˣϷһΣ˿ڵԪʩչһ־׵ƹһŵ̨ȥ
ͳǰͷ
ţ
̧ͷһϷȻ׼㾡ȫɵÿЦһûѡ粽ظǰȥ



1148 Ӯ
ڼ˵̨׵ѹüѣνά衣Ϊ˱ڵϸ̨ףϷԣʼʶر
νϸˮǳϸߵ̨ףֽ׶Եĳɾ͸С
Ͼڼ˵ʵǳ̨Ļᣬֻһζѣǳ
ΪѹʮֵĿֲ
ԣٶȣҲ쳣ûһҹϷҲ߰ʮ׵ӡ
ˣǽʮ׵ӣƹ
Ȼˣһ絭ģڼֵ֮࣬ƺ˿ûиܵѹȣͥŲع֡
ת̨֮׵Ľȣ׷׹롣Ԫģǳֲ֮ÿһĴ̹ǣţʮּѡ
ȣ
ڣһȳʼ
һɰ糱ʥԴӼϯͬʱȫ¼Ⱪ͹˿٣Ʊһ
壡
żֱۣ˵״̬˲һɳ죬ʥİ£ܵѹʱࡣҲд˲١
ţ
ƺѾˡ΢΢̧ͷƳļ񣬲ɵһơ
ͬʱХ̨ײˣһȫ汬ļһĿ࣬ǿϹһԼ˫
ǿ쿴Ǹ˵ڻĹżҵ𣬾ȻܹΪ˵еɲ壡
ɲ壬ǲɶõšͬʿУºʿܹһϸ¡
ɲѾ˵Ŀֲˣ֪еһŽ壬жôһ룬ЩѪڣȲˡ
Ҵһˣһڳޣզ಻ѡ
СӣɲôδĳɾͣҲ
ٻµضż񣬲ϵصͷޡ
СزҲһؿо˸˸Ȼûϵǰ۵ļܹӵ˿ֲ츳Ѫ
̶ֳȻ޷Сزŷԣڶݵľ֮󣬾͹ƽ
ǺǣϷŸոտʼ
һֵĳ棬ī뱳˫֣ɵһЦΪ⡣
īԣţϷ֡ҹҲ̱
ȣ𣡡
Ϸܵ·Ƚļ񣬵ʱɣȣ͵ӿһɿ񱩵ʥ̳
ɲǼ䣬Ϸоϵѹ˲ࡣжҲӵӦ֣˳硣
ͬʱϷϵĳۣƮƻһһشصɫ𣬴ӿϷӣȫû
һˣ˷ӿ˻ѡ
ȥϷͺǴĻһЯʥƳ졣
ܿ죬ȫԡϷٵسŵ̨ȥٶ뼧֮Ĳ࣬һ

ʱ̨·һˣٶȾе֮̾顣
ţҿʲôǸڻɽһȻһ񣡡
ûжϴڽػɽӦһַǳֲʵȺ
һÿһ˶󼰣
һһڳޡ
ԭΪ컯ɾľһˣ𣬻ǷǳԽеġ
ڽʶϷ˵ʵһĿ࣬ӡ󣬶ʱ췭ظɱ䡣Ҳû˰֮⣬ȡ֮ޱȵľأ
ݹǧǧ磬ǬһبŲķǾҪõ˵أΨһ·ǾȭͷþԵʵõɵ˱죡
ܹӮˣܹõη
ܹӮˣܹܵӵưԡ
ܹӮ飬Ͷ֮䣬оܹΪף
Сӣڽػɽһô
ٻЦŽôֵܣҲ쵱һ󣡡
һǣδӽϵѹţһӾӿ
߾
ұ·ķ֣ƺҲʾͺһڼ֮ϵ罣͵һȫ׷ɣһɰʥԡһĽâ֮УҪûһֱ죬˺Ѳ񷡣
ಣಣ
ʱ˽һ񣬺һҪ
ţ
ǡնĽ⣡
ұߣһֵܵƣʱû뵽ֶڡնؼյ¯࣬ȻܹնĽⵥ֮СΪ
ò˵ֵı֣״һ
ǵ۶ڡնĦоײ͸
ϾڡնؼϣķѵľȫᲢۡڷ˵ؼȫΪԼİѹ׵ĵơ
˵ڶ࣬նŲϺţӣȻҲȻġ



1149 
ոƽˣ̼ٶһ߳һҴˣһŵض罣ķ֣զ̾
ţڻĹŷҵʩչ˽һĽ⣬Ȼ˵Ŀֲֽ⣬Բͬ죬˲ֱӣ
ûҲӵʥľΪǣһŷĽ⣬ҪǿʢʮԤϵǣӽս϶ԳŹʮϣ
ĹеˣһǻĹҵĸ֣ʤҪ˵е֮ˣ
컯ɾе飬ûʲôֵԽĵطǲһЩ֮ܰˣ磬Ҫʵö࣡
һˣһп
֪ǸڻĹŶټҵǷҲչ¶ֽţٿأ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫָ˶ҹϡ
ƺܵ˵Σ·Ķҹ͵ȫһͬϯһ糱İʥͬʱһϯñһ򣬲ϵûڶҹΪҹѹ
ɲǼ䣬ҹˮһ⻶죬ұҲû֮ǰĲά裬ٶȣ˲һΡ
ǺǣֱӽٻˣҲԸԼķͷ˸ǹ
׵һЦ
ҹƽȻʮأǣΪĹҵͬʤļǿ񣬳֮⣬˶չȭţӮһƬ̾ҹŻĹŶңȻҲʰ·硣
ò˵ҹͻıʣһһˣһһǿһ˼ضŶҹķ֮Уһŵɫ
ţǸĹŶҵ𣬾ȻٻһصķַȻܹ۳һţһ򣡡
̫ˣò˵һǵһμܹ۳һģ
֪һķӵŶôըԵطһܹ⣡
ЩһȫһȺһһֲ
һˣһ̣Ȼ֡Ϸ˸ˣסϷ˵񣬳˳羴֮ɫ٣ħ
ţ
򣿡
СزһԴӼȱʼСزȻϵظܵǿҵӾǣΪ롢һһ峤Сزд֮磬ûһСС
֡Ϸ˵ı֣ƽ࣬Ϊ֮
󿴵ҹķ֮ҲԶе𺳣ɴһˮӣ˼ؿҹķ
ò˵ҹķں˶Ѱķ˵ͬն
Ǽʶİٻ룬һզྪСزˡ
һ̣ٻСزڵһ壬ȫϷҹֵ˵ıָ𺳵ˣ
Ǻǣ̶ֳȾʹСôһҲ˰
ī˫ֱأһشһצˣ΢΢ơ
¸ҹת
ת֮䣬ʱȥˡ
һգϷһȣ˵̨ף˷ܵسų̨ײʾ⡣
ԭվ󣬴ҴһˣҲƺûע⵽Ԫ۶һۡ
Ǻܿ죬ΪϷı֣вˣʼΧ£ԣһߴߴϢ⡣һһ˵̬ȣҪǫº͡
һֱܺӵͻȻõһֱӣصУǳ˷ܡ
£ϷĻʾ⣬Ҳ֣Ц绨
ŻԵˣҲΪ˷ܵػ˫֣Ϸʾ⡣
ȻһˣѾȫˣȲҪ˽һ˵ѶϢݵ΢ҿī룬ǡ
ͳ˷ǳ׿ѡ
ٺ٣֣һΣҿƾžʵѹһͷҵҪϷ˷ܵ㵸ܿ죬һȪ䵽ϷǰϷæȪϥʼһ̲ͣ
Ȼ˵Ϸ˳εͷΪһϵ̨׵ˣǣĵԪʮֲֿҪ֮ڣָȫǲܵ飬ԣҪ֮󣬱һϸߵ״̬ʵǵĲ̨ףҪָԪ
ڵԪһ롣Ըܹ֮󣬻ָһ룬Ҿˡ
ϷҡͷЦ
ʱϷʮֻףԮϷĴƱؽõöࡣ
֮ǰϷѾģ鷳ףԣֻรˡ



1150 
ԼĪһʱ䣬ڶ̨ףĨһѶͷĺ飬һ
֣
Ϸ͵˫һζؿ
ҡͷһЦǺǣƴȫҲӮһֶѣ֮ǰӮ֣Ҫ볬ңĲ̨׵ʱ򣬾ͺúŬɣ
һ٣񱥺ЦҾܷ˳ϵĲ̨ףһδ֪
˵ţҲٴϷԹԵϥһȪʼȫޡ
Ȼӵɲ壬ǣҪʱȫָҲ̫ܣʱͬޱȵñ
ϷϢһϣøҧȴҲûܹĻֻƴٽʵУʵ֤Լʵ
ʱ
ײ˵̨ףɨһȫϷ뼧񣬵һЦҲ֨
ܿ죬붫ҹ½˵̨ףһʥ̱ڵأģʮǱ
֡
֡
΢΢һЦʵǸоôڵԪ˶٣
εͷһ֣ڵԪȻ˽һ룬ؽʵǵĲ̨ףˣ
ҹҲǰ̾Һͷֵ״࣬ϣܹ˳ϵĲ̨װգ
˵ţ˸һȪѡһƧ֮أʼ
缸һ¡
׸ֶɢĸֵкһ
ΪÿһʱԪȣǳԣ໥֮ľ룬һЩ
׵кһ˫һؿס
Χҵ࣬
׾Գ
ţ
ʲôΧ
ϷɵΪ֮һɲСԪĴΪ˾콫Ȫգʮֲȶǲ֣ǿɾˡ
û֡
ҲǵͷǣǸʱ򣬶ͦģ̫׳ײˡ
˵ɣҡͷһЦ˰֣ǿǵһ㣬ҶһȻǹȻӺǡ
δ䣬֡Ϸҹˣ׷վ׵࣬ϥ
Ȼ˵֪Ҫʲôǣֵܶ׵θУǷǳǿġ
ˣǵȪȫ
Цݲá
ţ
Ȫ
ϷֲһۣΪȡ
֣Ȫ̺ŰΪݣѵҪԼȪã
ҹһһʮط㣬ɲءΪǼֵܣ֮Ȫ֮һÿһ˵УżȪ
Ȫʮ󣬶һЩƿ׶ΣʼͻƵʿ˵Ǿݡ
ܹһЩص壬ʹ͸ŵӣǴһ
ҹȻ׵˼
Ϊ󷽣ںһȪ෴ʱʹ͸ĵرֵܡ
ֵеȪ⣿
Ǻǣ֣ҵ˼
׵һЦ͵ҲǽԼȪǽаáֻǵҪǸԵĻָٶȰˣ
ţ
ǵĻָٶȣ
Ϸҹֵˣ־ϲ
֣˵ˣ㲻Ԫǻָ״̬˵ȫûбҪôֵܼҲİ
ҹһϾس
ûû
֣ˡ
Ϸ֡ˣ׷׵ͷͬ
ҡͷһЦеôӣҲҪԪһһǻָ״ֻ̬ҪȪָٶȡ
˵ţһִӻͳȪ֮С
ʱȪ׵֮ϣתɢ˸˸⣬һɰ羫ϯ
֣㡭
ϷҪ˵ȴ׾ԴϣˣǷģҲӰ쵽Լ״̬ģʵϣʵǵ̨ף˵ڹһ˲ʮ֮һԪҪ˶ãܹȫָ
˻
δ䣬Ϸҹ֡ˣȫĿ࣬һֹŹֵĿ⿴ס
ףʵǵ̨ףȻֻ˲ʮ֮һԪ
һʲôĸ
Ҫ֪ͬ츳ڵϷ񡢶ҹˣȫ˽һԪУһζ׷ٶȵϷһԪ
֮£δҲ̫̫̬ˣ
֣޻˵
֣Ǿ鷳ˣ
ʵǳֹ̨ؼʱ̣Ȼʱʱ̹̿ǣ˸м
ֵһզп׵񣬶һ˿ж



1151 
õ˼ֵܵϿ֮׵Ҳٳɣһ֮ϵȪͷɿת˲ͣͬʱһɰɫѪҲƵӿȪ֮У̼䣬ѪȪΪһ壬ˮ齻ڣֱ˴ˡŨѪԴȪ֮а뿪һ𣬻ûһƱ縡
ţһɹŨҷҩ㣬Գ˷ϯϷҹֵˣС
ʱϷ֡ҹˣżΪŨһĿ࣬׹ɾ֮Уȫůģ˵ˬ
̼䣬ֵȫµʮëף׷ſ໴ĳƴŨ
ţҼֱԼ۾־Ȼں֮䣬ͽȪ֮и뿪ˣ
þƷʵѴ֮ԡУָٶȣܹһأ
̫ˣԭʱڣҵҪĵԪָһ룬νΪѡֵİٿԻָ߳ɵԪ
ҹ֡Ϸһڳޣһϲظıʡ
λֵܣץʱϢȪȫõģڣ֤ȡ֮֮ߡ׽ظĵֱ졣
ֵһЦͷůġ
һĻ̨·һУȻ󲨡
ǿ쿴ŽδҲ̫ˣ֮䣬ʹȪа˼ΪŨ
һǵһοܹȪ̺ѹһģ
ɫʮֹ죬ƺںһľѪĪŽǽڵһ־Ѫ뵽֮Уֵܼ
һʱ䣬һһ࣬۷׷ס

Ž壬ǲϵĴҾϲ
ٻ΢΢˫֮еļԼԼӰɵһЦȻΪֵָܹĸԸؽԼڵľѪֵ
ʵ֮ʿ
ٻһпꡣ
վڰٻ಻ԶСزȴƲƲ죬ƺ׵ΪΪмһı֮Сز׵̬ȣѾ˲٣û֮ǰô̱
Ͼ׶ֵܵ壬ĿãԼһ̨¡
һ壬ԸˣȻ񷴸У෴ø
ȻˣΪСزĴ٣ԣøи̸ϡ٣û֮ǰôˡ
һߣһɫ⣬ԭ֮һ·ͿշС
ٿأͣȥȻ˫ĵȡ
˿̣ȿ΢ţʳһֹŹֵƺȫٻɢڸصӳ档
֮ǰһˣΪ˾ҵһʵʵǵ㣬һȺɱ֮Ľ׻ȳɢȫѰʵʵǵ㡣
Ȼʼʵǳ̨ȻҲҪȫټ׻ȳ棬һ
Ȼ˵ǧֻ׻ȳɢ˿Ҫһһ֪ͨǲܵ顣ǣӵŸմһͿԴԶǧ￪Ľ׻ȳ
£ֻ農Ⱥò˶ãɢڸصĽ׻ȳ棬ͻ½صȵࡣ
ȻˣΪ˶ĿѡһʮƫƧĵط׵ʵǵԶ
ԣ˷˲ϻ㼯ĳȺҲ˳ϣҵ׵Ĳ֮ء
࣬Ҳܹҵȡ
ò˵Ȼֻһֻ棬˼ܣΪΪ˵롣
ಣಣಣಣ
򶴿ߵӰƺƵγһƬյƶ䣬ƸһԭҰ֮ϺХ
ͷһˣһϮۣһ磬ʮͨϢۻ룬һɲĸо
ˣ򶴿һ峤ͨ󡱣
˷ͨԳѰһ䣬Ȼ׼һϾɱٻʬˣ
ڤϣڵٶȣϵٻڴҪõʱ䣿
أͨתͷбһսսڤ
峤Ҫһµʱ䡣
ڤһһʮ
Һ̼ӿٶȣ
ͨһӡ
ʱƵʿһӿŲȫУս
ٻ룬һΣ˵ʲôŹ㣬һҪУ˵еɫʯ
ɫʯеĵҪ˶ã򶴿ռؽ򣬻ϵţΪԽŹŵĵһ
һˣͨ˫УӹһĨ⡣



1152 ʥ
˹еĿУʱҴţһ˷׷վһÿһ˵֮ϣȫһĨȻЦ⡣
֣̫ˣָɵԪ
Ϸܵػһȭͷ
ֽһ־Ѫ֮Уˡһм
񡢶ҹԣҲһмؿס
׵һЦ˻֣ƺΪ⡣
ǾҪȫʵǵĲ̨ˡĲ̨׵Ѷȣ̨Ҫѵöࡣϣ缸ܹ׼
һ
ҹ֡񣬷׷׵ͷǡ
ϷĦȭƣѾЩȲҪչȭˡ
΢΢̧ͷ߲ʵĵĲ̨ףÿһ˾ЩεȶӴ
һ顣
ϸֶϾ֮ɫһƣһǸͷҪ𱰣ܵϵĲ̨ףΪؼġ
ԣϷҹֵˣȫһؿס
֣ǸΪΣ
գգ۾
һǾ֪ˡһԾԾ׵˶͵ұڣԳϷȥ
ȣ
߾
Ϸ񡢶ҹֵˣһҲҳɣ׷ɢʥȫתԪ׵ĽŲ粽롣
һһɿֲѹͶͷֶ£ʮɽѹڼͷϷһЩұˤŵǫ́·һʧ
ģĲ̨׵ѹһôࡣĻҪϵĲ̨ףֻзһˡ
Ϸüͷһšһʱѽѣٶȹʼʩȫԡ𣬺ƴһ񣬷ҲƵسϷȥ
Ĳ̨ף˵һ蹵ܷ˳Խȥһ޴ս
һϾȫ߸͹𣬺˿٣죬һ޾Ԫϵشϯ
ҹ󣬻æٻ˷򣬻ˣٶȻΪƹһ
ڷ֣ܵӰ죬ͬǳȻնĽڣǣٶȱҹҲûõĶȥ
̨ײһˣڿϷ֡ҹ˵״һզп
һ￪ʼĲ̨ˣò˵ֻԪ磬ܹĲ̨׷Ѿǳˣ
һƺǳĳ룬϶ˣҪʧܡ
Ѿʥ磬ϧҲֻܹǿϵĲ̨ףЩʥ߱ҲͲࡣ
һˣһ
ƺµز²⾿ж˴ӳ̨ˤֻ˭һӳ̨ˤΪһʧܵʿ
Ȼһ۷׷֮ʣ˾һĻˡ
ȣ
ֻһʯı̨±ϣһȵף͵شӿһɳʥʥϯ죬̺һֹķ壬һϯ˲һѹþٲάϷ֡ҹˣоȫһɡ
ţ
ô£Ϊѹ˲˽һ룿Ϸ
û뵽ֵʥȻԴȵصѹ󣡡һզࡣ
ٺ٣֣кô
ҹüЦӣǵϵĲ̨ףӦûʲô̫ˡ
ǺǣӣʵҪɵö࣡
ͷ
ˣ缸ץʱ䣬ҵĽŲ
׳·ֵܻ˻֡
ԣϷҹ֡ˣһһЦ׷ʹ̵׵˿óȻԽףҲ̫Զ
̼䣬׵Ĵ֮£ֵ˵ٶȣ˲һΣһһӡͷʮ㣬ӳһ˵ϵĲ̨ףȫûʲô⡣
ţҿʲôŽͷųʥȻһӵ˽һѹ
ΪʥʿܹĲ̨׵ѹֻ˵ֲ̫ˡҵʥԵʮ֮һû뵽һʥ߾СȻܹһٵһʥңܹӻĸʿһͬʵǡ
ʵǳ̨Ѱ˵һǳѵ顣һʥ߾ʿ˵ܹϵĲ̨ףѾʮ˵ˡû뵽Ȼͷ˵á
ʵǳ̨һȷĹ涨ǲܹǫ́ϿɵģڣȪԵõŽɢʥѹȫķΧ֮ڡ
һˣһޱ𾪣



1153 Ϸ
ţ
⾿ô£
Сزһľ棬Ž壬ֻʥ߾ΪƾʲôܹƾʥһѹСزд󺧡
Ҫ֪Сزʥľ磬ȫɢƵ£Ҳܹʮ֮ҵѹ֮£ױСزҪǿöࡣ
ң׽ֻԪ硣
СزЩʧ⡣
Сزؾȡ
ʱٻСزһЦƺСزеǵҸܹŽӵһ챦ô
ԣСز˵ͷ
ŽڻԵɺ֮£˱챦磬Ӷõһִ編ⲿִķ壬ΪһɱﵡŽɢʥʥ֮У̺һַ壬컯ɾһеģԣܹѹȻҪѰʿöࡣ
СزɵûȻͷ
ѹ֣׽ʥ쾳磬ͱСزƻҪֲԭƿһִķ塣Ӷٿ˿ռڵѹ
˵ΪɫʯԵʣʵǵѶȣҪѰʵǵ׵öࡣ
Сز˼⣬Ž壬ǻԵ񣬲ɫʯѶȣңƿһ컯ɾķ壬ٶȽʵǵѶȡһлھŲ̨ס
һ٣СزһתأԲԸıеĹ۵㣬ŽҪǫ́ϿɣһʶӣҾȫܣ
ΪˣСز֪ҪһʶӵѶȣжôޡ
ˣʦ֣ǶҪúõģ
Զ˫ֺʮһϵףš
̨͵ұ֮ϣײţҹЪһ˳һľ롣мʱ䣬ܹһٵϵĲ̨ס
Ϸ֡ҹˣһҵشϢţĥˮţźưܷһĵţ֮¶һĨƣ֮ɫ
ò˵Ȼ׵İ£ֵܼ˲ٵѹǣһ·Ȼߵĸо
ʱٿͣ˽ŲͷһϷˣһǸ缸ҿûа취һͬʵˡ
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹ׷Ȼһһŵضס
֣ʲô״ˣ
ҹҲֱΪΪ˱ӻֵܣ̫ԪҪѡˡ
Ŷҹ֡ϷеĹ֮ɫ׵һЦ͵ϸһ£ټǵңôҵϵĲ̨ףҵԪģ֮ڣͺѻָȫԣұҪʥжˡ
˵ţ׵ϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԣϷ֡ҹˣһһЦ΢΢һ
ǺǣһΪҪأԭ׼жȫԸˣ
ϷЦ֣ȫ֧㣬ֻϣܹ˳ǫ́Ͽɣһʶӡǣܹϼ̨ףһοп޵ľˣֵһᡣ
֣ùǣûıӻǸ缸ҲܹõͬʱԷֳһߵ
ЦشȤ
á
׵ͷһЦٸһɣȻˣôҾˡ
ȣ
˵ţ׵ͺһȫԡһɰɫ֮УɽһֽŲãɿسŵĲ̨ȥ
ٶȣĿ࣬ʵǳ̨ڹ仨԰
ţҿʲôŽжȻ˵Ѹݣ
Žɲ⣬ĥ⼸һΪĴڣǱСزҲѷɫ
µ񣬿ҲֻŽ壬δȫԸļȫʹ˿ұ죬ڴ
һˣһĿ˸˸ض׵Ӱϵš
ţ
ŽһҪô
СزüһЩ˷ǺǣҵҪŽ壬жôֲȻܹõŵʶ
ǺǣϷҪˡ
ī˫ֱأһİȻЦ⡣
ٻ΢΢˫ͫƽЦš
ܿ죬ɫڣһȵ˵Ĳ̨ףڵõһȪ֮ȫɵϥʼһ̲ͣϢ
Ϸҹ֡ˣȫǰɹͨһȿֺسŵĲ̨׷˳
Ϊ׵뿪ܵѹһԣٶȷǳ
˵ʵڲ֮䣬һʱ׷ҸϣҲǳ֡
֣һһҪεͷһͿķڷˣ
Ϸһƣơ



1154 Ȩ
Ϸƣһƣʾ֣ٳϹ򣬱ȹ֪£˵ţһԴӼϯһߣ˲ȫ¡
̼䣬ٶһΡ
ٺ٣ҲҪȫԸˡ
ϷһЦͺһҲǽһٻ˳˾ǣϷķȼյĻ棬Ϊ졣ȥϷͺƴһϻһصƸոսеĶ֮
ȣ
ָҧڵԪƻɽһҲƵת
ȫԡڰ罣еķ֣ƺҲҪȫһˡ
Ψ߶ŷĶҹأԲţһһӡʮ̤ʵ
ת֮䣬ʱȥˣʱ򣬷뼧ϷˣȻ˵Ĳ̨׵ıԵܹܿɵصϵĲ̨ס
𣬻
Ϸתͷһ۲Զļ֣ʱһȼڵԪƴҪεͷ
ʱһĻˣϯüΪ֮һ
СӣȻϧȼԪҪѹһͷǲҡͷЦ΢ԥƬ̣ûѡϷԡ
ϷһȣҪ˳ǶʱٿأһӰƿյĽâವһһ˵Ĳ̨ס
⣡
ֻһͺȣȫȻķ֣ƮƮԾ˵Ĳ̨ףһ
֣㡭Ȼҵǰͷ
Ϸڿֵ֮󣬵ʱϢһϣЦضŷ֡
ϷĿ⣬ֲҡͷԣϲЦտ֣͸˵ˣ֮һֱûʵһ£ֻౣһЩԪáڣҲʶҵʵˣʲôҪ˵
һζЦضϷ
ϷƲƲ죬ңҪ֮ǰ뼧ԣڵԪĹ࣬һΣ˵ʲôҲᱻȣͲƽ
üͷһ壬һƣô˵ǲඣһ٣ָָͷϵĵ̨ףôǿټʵǵ̨ףױȳһ
Ϸһ
ʱ˵Ĳ̨ףûȣЦǺǵ֣ͱΪˣղΪȵϵĲ̨ףѾϧȼڲдԪǿ֮ĩûټʵˡ
ԣֲЦ̬Ϊš
Ϸӵۣ޲ƴ
֣ô˵һӮ㣬ӦķڷˡϷûޣֻü
ʼһν֣ûи״ڵһ̨׵ڶ̨׵ʵǹУӮ㣬ȻӮΣ֮䣬ʤΪʲôҪķڷ
Ϸٶᡣ
ȷϷӮ˼ΣҲӮϷΣ֮䣬ȷʵѷʤ
Ҫڵ̨ٱһΣ
ζһЦ˵ţҲϷɱ˵Ŀ⣬һȪʼա
ҡͷһΣһ䣬Ҳʼһ̲ͣϢ÷ϻ
ΨϷɫǺ죬һȪΪ޵վԭأһʱ侹ǲ֪Ǻá
ʣϷĿǰ״̬Ҫʵǵ̨ףȫܵˡ
ȻʱԾָǣ̶̵ʱ䣬Ҳı䲻κν
Ȫе羡ܹʡȪá
缸Ǻڡ
ҧҧϷһԾīԾ

ͻһĻǫ́ײһ˵ȣȫһһȵضϷ
ǿ쿴ڽػɽһ𣬵һѡȨ
û뵽ӵļһһֹʵǣ
һ̫׷ٶȣԪľȻҪȨˣĻʵǵ;׹䣬Ǹ
һˣһ࣬۷׷ס

һ뿪Ĳ̨ףϷ͸ܵһɿֲĵֱӽӸ߿кݺˤưһûз
һڣڼ֮䣬Ϸƫе׹ī֮ϡ
īȫСزı˿ɣԼѣϷص׹ϣõ˻壬ҲûˡֻǣȫԡϷڲ֪䣬һ˿ЩīŸնϡ
ţ
ãһڵ𣬾Ȼҵı˿նˣ
СزȻһʱɣһ·ɳۣһѽϷīûϷӦӵϡ
СزΪǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣھŲ̨£ܵѹҪС࣬ԣ޼ɵɣһ㣬Ϸֻ̾ķݡ
ʦ֣ôɱϷӵϲ
Ϸ˵ϵĳһЦû¶ֻ̫ˣֹʵǣ棡Ϸ§һȻ˵Сزĵ



1155 ļ
һҪӻѾߣΪ̣źѡȨȻ˵˹ûʣɶǣһȻҾ͵īţˣǸʮ֮ͽ
Сزһˬطһۡ
Ϊ׵ԵʣСزϷ̬ȣҲôѺá
񿴵Ϸīţʱŭ졣
Сز˵īŵ壬ͬѰ
ΪīŵĴڣܹƵڵȣ
ī֮ϵ˿ճһټĿҿСزֵ磬Ϸī֮ĻīŶпܻᱻնϡ
ʱ򣬹ȵܣƱؽī˸֣ɫʯأҲڡ
ʦ֣һǴʣһˣҴкءЦϷϷĻ
ϷΪЦǺǣҲûʲôýػɽһϰ˵׷һˣûмʲô棬СҲ⡣
ϷͽһΪʶǳûľ֮ܣòԶСزƤһŭ
ǺǣһΪжͣȻĲ̨׶ǲϣһ۲۵ķ
Сزеı֮ɫ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿͶСزȻûϵСزΪλ𣬳Բѷ
ţһ۲۵ķô
ϷΪػɽһԸܹ߰ܵ˱裬ʱһЦ༥ãһ۲۵ķôҪʣһʥߣǷܹһٵϵĲ̨ף
еĻ̸ҾǵǸ
ϷһζЦ⡣
㡭
СزʱϢһϡ촽Ƭ̣ЩԶԡ
ȷ
һˣСز룬ӵſѰ츳Ѫ֮⣬ˣȫǷֵ֮һᡣ
˵ϷػɽһᲢˣһЩϡƽ壬һЩ츳׿ţһ壬СزһˣҲûеڶԳ֮Ϊŵʿ
һǿɶ񣬾Ȼұһ壡
һȷʵ츳һ㣬ǣҲֲһָֻţ
ޣһȻ츳ϡƽ־Զ£ļһһмΪ顣
ʱһˣһϷŭĿӣ߷߲ѡ
Ϸ˵䡣
ʱīǰǳϷһ䡣
Ϸ߷˦֣ͷĬ
ô˵˫ѾһϵĻ飬ûбҪԡң׵ٻƿأھϣҪѷһԣһûѰٻ֮ǰҪʵ
СӣϽǸ
СزˣһϷʾʱǰһơ
ʲôǸ
ϷһЦδҲ̫ˣΪҪǸԲѷˣӦɣ
СزһҪ쭣ȴٻ볶˳䣬ǿнŭѹȥ
ǺǣáҲƽϡǣһ飬Ҳò㡣
СزŭЦīŸճһһ
Ϸһ㶣бһīϵĴһƣƺΪΪ⣬һΪı˿ǳͣҵأ˭룬һճһǱǸ
ϷһƤЦⲻЦڵǸȴѾЦ˻
СزСˢһ£ǵͨ죬ҧֱ졣
ļһһ壬񣬻ָյرңǿ벻̣
Сزһӿͷ
Ȼ˵īٻڳСزֱܹӶ֣Ϸһѵ
ǣСز龫֣еǰ취Ϸѿ
СӣȻ˿ûгģȻҡôҲ޿κˡ
Сزһ޹ջīţôʮȶʵǵ㣬ܿͻʱ򣬿ɱûԮ
˵ţһ²ؼ߸߹̬
ͬʱī֮µĹȣϢŲŲǶڹ֮ϵɫʯһ룬֮¶˳
¡¡¡¡
ʱɺϯÿռ𵴣ҡػΡԭƽ˾īţҲڿ籩µϵһҶۡ
ͣͣͣͣ
߿֮ϣϵһĿռ֮УشһͻУ촦
ʱ䣬ԭΪȶʵǵ㣬ͱ÷ƮҡʱΪ֮㸲
ͻһĻڳһ˵ȣȫһһĿ࣬ɫ䡣



1156 һŵ
ãԭʮȶʵǵ㣬һ˲ȻҲӣʵǵѶϵһɳ졣ҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɵѶȣҲһ̨ס
ˣû뵽ڻɽȻ˲˽ȻСزǸˣ
Ǻǣҿȫҵģã
һˣһֻ־ϲؿǰı仯
ʲô
ռΪһӱˣ
Ϸһɫ৵һ£ò԰ֽͷ৶䡣
ţ
īȻһ΢΢ɫʮֲÿϢģīϯī·ĹȣȻ֮¶˴룬ʱЩ಻סеŭ⡣
ʣһϷûʲôϵȫСزΪ˱Ϊ֮
ǰ㿴⣿
īҲԱ侲˰ٻǰһΡ
Ȼ֪Сزⱨīȴ޷ָֻýϣڰٻϡ
ٻڨڨһЦīһĵתͷһСزСز˴ˣ̫ˡ
˭룬СزȻһԽͷƫ˹ȥţīĳ۵ļһջģʲôϵ˵ţһЦضϷһװͿ٬ģ
Ϸᣬ޲ǰȥСزƴ
СزѵһӼ𣿡
ٻʵ
һΣΪռңûܻǫ́Ͽɣôص֮󣬾Ҳ޷̤컯ɾһٻ룬׵ı챦СʱСزҪٻ룬ˡ
ţ컯ɾҳϦ顣СزһִֵģԲЭ
ϷСزǸ
īһ
ˣˡ
ȻһŮ˵ͷϴϾСزпֵŮˣ仰˵ҲҵɩӡȻɩӣϴϴɣˣ
Ϸ̾һһֻɥȮһż򣬾Сزǰ׼Ǹ˭룬ʱĿһĻˡ
𡭡
ֻһĵͺ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˲䱻Ĳ̨ϵ׸סˡ
ৡ
һ˲䣬ÿһȫһؿףһ̣ȫĿ࣬Լ۾
Ĳ̨֮ϣ׻شӱչ֮ѹ쳣ҵĿռ䣬ûʲôɣͱ̬ٻϽۣó޵ģ
ʱ׵壬ֱ죬˶˺üȫ£鲼ɫۣΨһӣ¶⣬ɢһҰްɱ⡣ȥһͷι߸͹𣬽һһǿҵӾӿ
ͬʱһɭĵ̣׵ĹؽڴɢһĨĨѪĹ
׵һצҲһƽС
ţҿʲôŽ壬Ȼһͷޣ
һ壬ΪܹӵۣԷХѵǴѪ
̫ˣû뵽Ž廹вΪ֪ĵûչֳɲ⣡
Žڱ̬֮ƣǿȣһΣͬʿܹᲢ۵ġͬʥߣŽʱ򣬻ս
ѹִ˿Ԫ磬ҪϵھŲ̨ףһʶӣԭһѰ֮ӣӵƣţ
һˣڿ̬׺ȫʧɫһ֮顣
ţʲôǸһȻˣ
СزȻһ̧ͷó״̬µףͨͨһʱ֮䣬ƽϢ
֣ڱô
Ϸսһףеļ֮飬Ա
¸¸£û뵽ŽȻеûչֳǿϲ̾ٻһϲ׵񣬾ͺƺͯһİߣĵϲ̰
ͬʱĲ̨֮ϣ˳ó״̬µף΢΢³һ׼ʵǵ̨ס
֡
վһףռһӱҲʣһСزеһҪСĽǣ
û֡
ΪȻص˵ͷǸСزĻ̥ҵ㲻ӰʵǸ̨ס
Լֵ꺮ůһƣ˰֣޷Ŀռ䣬ȻøңǶ״̬µ˵ȫûжӰ졣
촽һźһһ뽫ƲҪһǰ¶ϧڲ֮£ǰ¶ˣҲã״̬£ҸʣһأֿػǼʵǵ̨ˡ
ԣ뼧ɵõһһ˼ضס
һ£Ȼ鿪Ц
Ŀռ䣬һռ֮еɣ춼ǿռвпУһغף˶ӵ£ܹԼİΣѾʮֲˣȻҪػʵǣ
֣Цˡ״ʼδѾ׼÷ʵˡ
һĿɬЦ⡣
֣ҺôҲɲ壬ܹչ˺ԼͲҪٷˡ
񵱼ԼĹ۵㡣
ҡͷһЦǷģ״̬£ұҪķѵԪǳϡ٣û̫ĸ˵ˣֻǵطٶȣǵֵһЩռ֮аˡ֮⣬ҪʵǡҲԮǵڵѹ



1157 ɩ
ԣ뼧һۣ޿κεص˵ͷ
ˣǸϿɣ֮һ׻˻֣ߴٵ
һŹֵضף֣Ѿʱ䣬ܿͻܵڵѹѵԸѹڴ˵Ⱥǣ
һͷػֵ֣ʲôʱˣҶ˵ˣ̶ֳȵѹ˵ֵһᡣңռңʮգǶжв
ּĬ׵Ϊм
û뵽˹ؼʱ̣Ȼϵֵܡ
ڣ뼧񣬸һҧ׷ϥʼһ̲ͣ
̨ײϷСزǰƤЦⲻЦ鷳ΪǡȻˣǲҲûбҪǸˣ
ϷһζضСز
㡭
СزϢһϣʱҪ쭣ϷæĿڣǧδɩӣ˵ʲôҲϾǣˣװɩӴˣҵĴʹ˲С˹ټƽˡ
˵ţСزһƤЦع
ʲôʲôʱΪɩˣ
СزСǺ죬ñݽҧ޲ȥϷ˺ˣҿϷӵÿ죬ꡣ
һǣȴǺȻЦһǰϣϷģˡ
ôǸϷȻƺСزΪɩӴˣ
Ǻǣ峤ҪСزŽ壬ֻСزûͬˣϾŮӣһЩò˵СزŽ嵹Ƿǳ䣬ܹϲΪ£϶ɷˡ
ŽСزǿѰ֮ӣǽ˫ޣΪһɳ죬ʱһܹΪ̸֮ɫĴڣ
ϣһ̵ĵ
ҶһЩǧŽǵĻ飬˵Ҫ˶ãŽͻΪһŮ
һˣһۣϲɫ
ΪһˣһɫŮԣŮϲԣȺܿͼһţЦͣ
һĻСزҧгݣСգֲ֪˭˶ţٻǰԹţ㿴ɵĺ£ʲôʱŽŮˣЩҪǴ˳ȥԺôˣ
СزٻһػӦСزҵǾŽǳ壬츳׿ǲɶõɾܹ̯ǿǼĸ
ڰٻУƺСزܹ׽Ϊ򸾣СزռıˣҪúϧǡ
䣬СزӶǺˣߵõͷ
Ž壬㣡Ҫ㣬ҲˣŶƫ̻㣡
ߣҵҪ£㻹εϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
Сزҧгݣ߲ѣģеķŭȫᵽ׵ϣ޲̿״ӳ̨׹
ХԼĪʱ֮󣬶ҹص˵Ĳ̨ףɫ԰ֽ
ڵϳ̨һ˲䣬ҹɵôһһȵضͦǹף֣û޵״̬ˣ׼ȫԸˡˣʱѵΪλץʱ䣬ʵǣ
СزЦеذ˰֣֣ץʱһһʵǡ
ҹȻһҪ죿
Цŵ˵ͷҿһߵȴһߴĦкüطһûо͸˵ţԹԵشӻͳһ飬ʼʳж
ҹϢһϣÿһףƬ֮˻ͷϥʼһ̲ͣ
ǿ쿴ŽȻͳһ飬ʼжƺ׼ץʱ䣬ʵǳ̨
һѵҪƽ޹ʵ˷ڵԪڵѹ
ӵʱѵȻڵĲ̨ϣɶͷԡоӲȫʵǳ̨ģ仨԰ģͲŮˮѽˡ
һˣʮֲĿⶢףһ˽
ǺǣҿӶǭ¿ˣȻʱʱţǶ
СزһЦ⡣
Ȼȴûһ˳ͣȻͬСزĹ۵㡣
׸˴һһεľϲ֮Ȼ׸ˣ׻ñ״̬֮˸ޱ׽ı֣û˻ΪѾвǭ¿
СزΪޡ
һţܹܵģһŵĴڡ
СزеţСѷ֣˭룬ȻΪŽ壬ܹᲢۣڣռƣСزЩԱܵ
ಣ
ٿأ˾һĻˡ
һʮĿռ֮УЯĿֲƣԳŵĲ̨ϵֲƿ￪ˣҲܹʮ
쿴һռ֮УŽȥˣ
˾
ʱ˵עˢˢؾ۽׵ϣһĿ࣬ΪһѺ
֣
Ϸ͵һͫһߡ
˵ռ֮Сռͨṥ̨ϵʿΪÿһ̨׵ʿӵʱ䣬Ծ֮ڣÿһ˶ᱻһεϸ֣ԭڵѹҲ֮ʧ̨ϵκε𺦡
ڣˣ޷˺̨ϵʿ
ʱһÿһʿץʱ䣬ʵǣʱԽĵԪԽࡣ
ףȴһ⡣
׵ʱ䣬ϣϣҲʧ١ʱ򣬿ռ֮опܶ׷
ţ
ռ֮ô
ͷƺʮ񣬲ûͻĿռ֮УȻˣʶףڵһʱطͷĿռ֮Уƺûʲô̫Ȥֵֵ



1158 
顭
ֻһɽХıƻײʮɵĿռ֮УЯſֲƣ͵غ׵ϣ˻ҡػΡ޾˷ϯ̳
ͻһĻȫһһضŵĲ̨ϵס
ʱ˿̣׵ӰȻ̳֣С
ÿһ˵࣬ȫڰУϰ¡
ռ֮УһɱԪʿڣʥʿһ֮£ҲɥȪΣգ
Žʵ̫дˣּĹʥ۷徳ĸ֣Ҳóſ֣ȫֵŽ嵹ãһƾռ֮ԼϣѵӲռ֮У
ɻһΣŽܹһѾǷǳˣҲˣʵǸߵ̨ף½ǳ˵Ρ
һˣһ˽˫֮У¶һĨϧɫƺ׵Ϊͬ飬Ϊ֡
֣
ˣ
Ϸǽ߬ȭͷҽɫǵͨ졣
̨ϣҹ֡ˣҲ͵һԾһΣԻûһӰűըĺĵش˶ȥ

Хܿ죬̳ɢ˿
˾ǣԭϥһףȻأԲɣһ絭ԭأ˫ضеĹ飬ƺľУһʱ䣬Դӹе⾳ѹ
֣㡭
ֽŲһ٣һضźף촽Ƭ̣¶һĨЦò˵һһ̶ֳȵĿռ֮УȻƾǣ׾ٵӲˡ龪һ
Ϊֵ£ͷָûнռ֮еһ£
ҹһ̾ҡͷԡ
ٺ٣Ϊϴܹ˴һЦǰһ׵ļ
׺Ʊ˶ͷһˮ͵һ飬΢΢̧ͷһȵضż񡢷֡ҹˣΪŹֵʵ缸ΪʲôץʱϢﶼɵɵվҵԱߣ
գգ۾Ϊ
֣´βҪЦ㲻ںǵɳܲˣҹûطһۡ
ǣǡ
ͬղǿռ֮Уʵ̫ˣɱʥ߼ʿЩҡˣҾüʵǳ̨Щðգ΢΢ͷɫӡ
˵ûʵǳ̨˵ȷΣϵ̫ˡҹ
ƺ׼ùĵķ붫ҹ׻æһЦظĵֱ죬缸ǷģڣԲ׼һռ֮лǡǷģҵϽۣǳͣѰĴʥˣΪƣԳְʡģ
ҹһۣһ޿κεؿЦ
ûϵмյĿռ֮У׿Ȼ˿ûвȫʹڣĸԸҪ֡ҹ˻·˵ϵɽ»𺣶ֻСһ׮
ͬʱ̨ײڿ׵һɲǣһˣһȫˣҲ಻סе֮飬С
ţûпɣŽػȻ̶ֳȵƷʣδҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ƾǣܹӲһռ֮Уš¾ʥĸ֣Ҳ
˵ѰʿˣǳǿİħʥҲûмܹŽᲢۣ
û뵽Ž˵üͣ˴۽磡
һˣ֮ǰǶױʲô̬ȣʲôƫʱ˿̣ȫ׵ıָˣ
һŵĲ̨ϵףĤݴһ֮У뾴η
Сӣ
Ӳռ֮еһɲǣǸİٻҲɫ΢䣬ǣ׺֮󣬲³һ̾ӣŽСӣƺлҪ㣡Щϣ
أٻתͷСزһЦСز㿴ûУŽ壬ķǳ㡣ǣҪʤһ
δ䣬СزɵýһΪԸ߰ԱܵҪһ죬ŷԼЩԶԡ
ȷ
ӸղŵһĻ󣬾֤׵ǿȣʥ˵ֺʥ쾳СزҲҪʤһ
Ҫ֪ףֻʥˡ
Сزһ󾳽磡



1159 ɢ
֪Ԫ磬һ󾳽磬֮𡣶ʥʥҲȫͬεʿһʿʥ߽ʥ磬ȫʵɱ䡣
ԪƷʣͳԽСزһò˵ǳֲ
Ҫ֪Сز츳Ѫ쳣ڣݹ컯ɾҲҲܹᲢۡ
Ȼ˵Сز͵ĵطҲʮֳڣǷܹ֮ġ
ܹѹСزһͷʵס
ǣȵ׽ʥ磬ô׵Ʒʣᷢʵɱ䣬һɳ졣
ʱͬΪʥСزƷϣ֮Ĳ࣡
ңǴƸ֣ʲôô紩һüЧСزӲضһ䣬Ӳǲϵͷ
ò˵ñΪСزʰ·磬ȫܵ顣
Ȼ˵ףƷϣѾʤСز
һǿСزٻ뵭һЦ޿κεҡҡͷȻҲ˽СزĸԣСزڶʱڽһҪŵ¡
ХĲ̨֮ϡ
֡
֡
һ飬֪λǷͬ⡣
ҹַ׷תͷ
񵭵һЦһԼ뷨˵Ժ֮С
붫ҹ˼Ľ֮ʱȻһƬ̺һЦǵͷӦ
£˿࣬һЦ⡣
ϴ
һУǬٻ˼̳ƣס֡ҹһ̳ӣ缸ܹڳ̨һȾƣֱһ£
ˣ
˵ţһ˹ˣһʱ䣬ͽһ̳ӵƣ˸׳졣
ˣ
һЦٺ٣Ȼص壬һҪѺúô괵꣬뵱Ҳڳ̨Ϻ͸缸ȹƣһ컯ɾ֮ãҲֵˣ
˵ţſһһεֱӽ̳ӵƸ˷ֵĿУһţһ㣬һ̳ƺȵõ׳졣ԭɫҲ΢΢Ǻ졣
ˣ
ҹһƣǰ칦ˣûжٷϻһһ̳ƺ˸⡣
źֵܣײɺ죬ҲǴڹƣ㴼ƣϵӿУʮʹ졣
žһһеľ̳Ӹˤ˸ϡãƺ¶˾һ͵վ׹˹֣ϴ󣬺ڣϣܹ˳ǫ́Ͽɣ澲ĺϢ
֣ˣΪ˲ӸȨ
һЦʵ˵ղǿռ֮еҲܵˣƾʵȫѱƣĲ̣ԣֻܳ²ˣ
֣ͱȰˡ֪ΪǺãǣһΣĲٻıӻ֮ˣ
Ϊֵܣʱ򣬾Ҫڷסģͺú˳ǫ́Ͽɣ
ҹЦеס
㣬ǡȻҪѡȨ
һһضŷ֡ҹˣһʱ䣬ɫΪŹ֡
׿ػң֡񡢶ҹˣ赣ǿռ֮ռϮȫл̨ף˭룬˾ȻΪ˲ȻѡȨ
ΪߣΪֵܵĲաͬʱֵֵֻظжˡ
ã缸ȻǶѾˣôҲͲˡ
Ƿģһһٻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
͵߬ȭͷֵеĿ⣬мϵΣжôĳء
ΪԼΪֵܣҲҪһֻɹʧܣ
ٺ٣֡˳˳̨ϿɣСزҲóϷ
ִ궯˫֣ʱʲôҪСزҲֻܾҪһ仰ȫٿһʵǵ㣬Ǿʵǣ
ûеǻᣬϾнʱ䡣
ҹͷǡ
׵ͷХ˿٣ȫϽۣһҫ۵Ľ⡣
ˡ
أ񡢶ҹˣһһԾ½ӵĲ̨һԾ£īš
ţ
ǿ쿴һҲѡ˷
˾
Ǻǣ϶ԪľΪˡϾÿһʿŽôֲġ
һ΢΢һЦ
ԭо츳ڵķ֡񡢶ҹˣ׵ԣð޹⣬ֵһᡣ˵ĿУѾռͷѽΡ
ҵǲôΪ
һҿһӦΪռ֮ռԵʣѡ˷ϾǵǣûŽôڣһ⵽Ϯ롣



1160 Դ
ಣಣಣ
ܿ죬񡢶ҹˣī֮Ϸԡ
Ӵǣ缸һΪжأԭҲ࣬ҲԪľΪ̣ų̂׷ˣ
ϷһȨֵܣʱĻŭţһ⡣
ޣ
ûطһۣ֣˭˵ûĳ̨ˣ¸㣬ʣԪ٣죬Եϵ̨ס
˵û
ͷʵϣһûоȫҿϵ̨ףӦòѾѶȵǵ̨ס
δ䣬ϷʱϢһϣһмضŷ뼧񣬼û뵽һȻһӲһӡ˵ţһζЦ⣬ƺΪ뼧񣬶˵滰
֣뼧˵ûд
ҹȥˣʱҲֵܣǶԳ̨ףаաڿռͻȻ֮󣬾ͶһЩȷء
˵ţһ٣ҹźۼбһСزСزɫЩȻȻҲⶫҹ˵̸
ǿռ֮еҲˡ֣˶ӲΪ˰ȫҲΪ˲̫ĸѡȨҹһһʮؽ͵
ţ
⻰ʲô˼Ϊ˵ȨΪ˼ֵĸһȵز廰
ǲ֪ϵֵܵİΣϧڵĲ̨ϣ׼ʵǵ̨׵ʱΪǱݻ
һظпǿɲָǵơǶʧΨһһʵǳ̨Ļᣡ
ԣϷɵûȻ
ԭ֡ҹˣ֮ѡȨʵãΪ׵ĺ֮ǡ
ʵǵĿռ䣬һȶҲͰˡ
֡ҹȫԷſֽţȫʵǡϧռͻȻңĿռ֮У˵Ŀռһ֡ҹˣټʵǣ֮ݡ
ȻˣִʵǣҲûлϵ̨סֻҪĴۣҪҪٵΣգҲӿֲ
˵ȻֵΣվأֲܡԣ;Ҫֵܳ䵱ƣػֵʵǵ̨ס
÷֡ҹʮΪѡ
һ֮һ¾Ϊ׵ĵǣܹоھŲ̨ףȨ
ò˵֡ҹˣףҲ塣
ʲô
ŽǸһȻҪԼѪ֮ǳ䵱ƣ
СزһЦһʧƺԼ۾
Сز״̬µףȻƷʮֳڣܹӲռ֮еϮҲһ֮ػ˵İΣδҲ̫ˣ
ȻһǳõƷʡ
ǣŹͷױԸɿԴ
Сز׵Ϊ¶һֿԴ̬СزΪˬ
תͷһСز䷢ЦǺǣĳƺֻǫ́ϿɣԼķͷȻϧҪֵĺ£
Сزһʱһŭضŷ֡
ô˵СزҲһ˿һ峤޼ɵس
ȻûСزһԵϷȲ廰֣ô˵أϿɩӴл
һ㶣Ӧ֮󣬵ʱһεسСز˹֣ԱǸ⡣
ûа취Сزٻһˣٻƿ׵ν²òͷΪһʱ֮״޴֮ľٶ
쿴Ž忪ʼʵǵ̨ˣ
ٿأ˾
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؿס
ȣ
Ĳ̨֮ϣĿϷ֡أתֽŲãһֻĴɽһɿؿʼ
Ȼû˺֮֮ҲԸ˷һʱ䡣
һ˫צ׵ץסұڵķ϶˫ǲӡɿţһֻǽıڻ
̶һյʱ䣬׾˳ϰף˿ֲٶȣڳһ˵ȣȫһ
ţһı湻͵ģȻô̵ʱڣôߣƺ̨ף˵ûʲôѹ
ǺǣСزʵǳ̨νޣһʵ̨ף׳٣֪ܷŽϿ
ô˵ŽֻһԪʿֻҪܹϵھŲ̨ףѾʮ˲ˣǧ̫࣡ҪʥСزᲢۣ
һˣһ۷׷ף²׵ļޡ



1161 
£ֻʣһˣȫʵǳ̨˵עȫ׵ϣ²ܹϵڼ̨ס
˵ףԪΪ͵Ĵڡ
Сɽ֮Ƶ컯ɾҲû˭ܹԪ磬ӵ̶ֳȵʵ
ʣһʵǳ̨Ὺһ¼¼Ƿᾪ춯أ컯ɾΪ֮̾Ͳö֪ˡ
ԼĪһʱأϷ쿴һռ֮г׷ȥˣ
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫ׷׵һͫΪ֮һ
ȥؿһнɳĿռ֮УЯһױȵɱ֮ԳȥеҪһ˲Ӷ׵
֪䣬һֽϢĿ־壬
ռ֮УһɱκһԪʿʥҲһ
Ž϶Ҫеֵˣ
ҪŽ壬͸Ͻ·һξ룬㿪ռ֮У
һˣһ࣬Ŀת
顭
ֻһǺӱıֱ˶ĤҡҷǬҪΪ֮顣
ıУĿһĻˡƱڻһſұϵףȻʼգûκһĶûһ˿һĶ֮⡣
ȻһǣɳĿռ֮иӲˣ
̼䣬ȫȻһԼ˫ǿŹһұϵһԼԼӰ
ŽһδҲ̫ˣƺƴĿռ֮УȻ
ѵһƷʣ֮ǰĻҪֲ
һĪתĻΪӵ˿ֲʵ
һˣһеľ֮飬ȻԱ
һͬǣ֡ϷˣȴǱֵ൱ƺûбǰһĻ嵽
ʵϣϷ֡ҹˣѶ׵似Ϊ˾ռˡ
ò˵׵Ĵڣһ漣
Х̳ɢ䣬ܿ죬ұϵӰٶȳ˵֮С
Ŀǣռ֮ϮףȻʼգûпռ֮жжĽŲһֻıڻϵسŸߵұȥ
ھҵıը֮׽һӣ㽫ϵĳ๸ȫĩˣƺܵе΢΢תͷų̨ײһ˵ȲһЦΪɵػһȭͷ
Ǹ絭̬·ǳ̩ɽѹٲάĵɽߣڰٻ԰ͥŲĸСү
ŶţļһȻıԵԸſһȷԼİȫ˭룬֮ȴԸΪ˱ָɾˬͣ½Ųʩչһ峾
һˣ˧
ǺǣҵǲôΪҲǿʮյ״ŽУͲֵһᡣԣûбҪſ֣һ١
һˣٶһƬҡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһس׻ʾ⣬һЦ绨
ܿ죬תͷȥʵǳ̨
ȣ
ӡ
׵ͺһ̤޵̬£ɿȥȻұϿһӰ׵·ߣҲ׽һ߳Ϸʵǣ߮
ʵǣһ·оգȺռ֮еϮȻһǣ׶Ͻ۸Ӳ׵ϽۣҲֻмƬ䣬һѪ̶ֳȵƣֻƤˣһ֮䣬Ϳȫָ
ڣҹҹĻٵʱ̣һذδУ˵̨ס
ҿ쿴ֳɹϵ̨ˣ
˷ܵػȭͷڼ֮ϵ罣Ҳϵ죬ƺҲܵ˷еļ
˴ʱ䣬ͳɹӵĲ̨ף˵̨ףǶôֲٶȣ
ҹ궯˫֣һЦҪֻ֪Ԫ簡
׻˵վ˵ۣΪԹߣʵǵ̨ףƺǳд⡣ǣйʥߣ֪ϵ̨ףǶô޴ĳɹҪ˵ͥŲصϵ̨ף
Ϸһ֮ɫ
ò˵׵ʵͬʿ˵Ҫ̫̫ˡ
Сӣ
ī΢΢˫ŵ̨ͦǹףһ͵صͷβסϲá
Ž忴ӣÿʵһ̨ףҪϢ죬ʵ̫ĥˡ
Сزǳ˿ڣȻ׵ʵһЩϿɣͬʱҳ׵ı׶˼Է̣ȻǲԸʰ·磬ϵؽס



1162 Ѽ¼
Ϊ׿϶Ҫͣ½ŲջᣬȫʱĿһĻˡ
ŴһȪһӻͳһ໨ƿҩ˱ǵȪװУСͬʱ͵һԾɵسŵ̨ʵǶȥ
һĻڳȫһ
쿴ŽȻһ̲ͣЪسŵ̨ʵǶȥˡĪǣһСزһһʵ̨ף
ŽҪСزһʵǣôδҲЩ̫ˣϾСزʥŽֻһʥߣ֮䣬һ󾳽磬ڵԪҲ֮𣬸ͬն
治֪һ﾿г񣬻Է٣
һˣһĿס
Ϸҹֵˣһۣ΢΢üûж˵ʲô
ʱ䣬ΪβץסᣬȫָĵԪƫƫҪʵǣûе
üһĵǣǽΪ˳ԽСزգЩյζ
ã赣ǡıԶǣԲ³ç֮Ϸο׵ļ
ɵĿУأһ̲ͣسŵ̨ʵǶȥ
ò˵̨׵ѹ̨Ҫֲö࣬ʵν̶ٶȱʵǵ̨Ҫ࣬˵
ܿ죬СʱҴţȻһĸ߶ȣٽһ֮ڣܹ˳ϵ̨סٶȣˣ
īǰһ¡
īǰɤţѯʵô֪Ԫʿܵϵڼ̨ף
ৡ
ʱҹϷֵˣҲ׷״ǰһĿ˸˸Ϊ档
֪Ӧǵ̨ס
ī˼ãһҧҵļУԪʿҲ͵Ϲ̨ףһڱǺ֮ӣһʥȪȵı룬һǾŹŵ޹
δ䣬ϷҹֵˣȫϢһϣһɫǺ죬ܲѡ
ԭԪ߼¼ǵ̨ףҲզ
Ϸ˷ܵش궯˫֣һԾԾԵģ֪ҾͲΪӪһһӡȫʵǣ˵Ҳܹϵ̨ףһҲʹӲ֤ҵ츳Ѫ컯ɾУǽ˵ĴڣܹᲢ۵ˣָ
Ϸһģſڱտ֮䣬Ԫʿļ¼ȫмһˡ
ʱһˣСزڣȫһˬؿϷ
Цˡһ͵˵Ĳ̨ף̨׻ԶȻ͸ҿڳԣһḡļһ
Ȼ˵Ϸڽػɽһ츳׿ǣ컯ɾУԶԶμĳ̶ȣĲ˵Ϸ츳ѪСزҪԶ
û⼸ҲŽʮ컯ɾĿһϸ£˵ȣֵһᡣ
һˣһ˽ϷǿһС
Ϸɫ৵һ±òҰףʮεԭء
ܵҪ˭룬һʱ֮䣬ҲʲôԷĻ
ȷ
ϷʵֻܹϵĲ̨ף̨׵ѶȣĲ̨Ҫ߳һأһεĴڡ
ϷһһӡϸˮķʽҲܹϵ̨ס
ڵ̨ףϷʵȫǳ롣
ԣϷԼԪе̳ȫǲġ
̨ô
ѵ촽Ҿãҵʵ̨ף߲İյġȻˣǰǿռ㹻ȶڵ̨ףΪ
һ٣˿ûй˼Ԫ죬̨ܹףѾǳˡҽԪʱ򣬺пܣͿ̨׷ˡ
ҹ˵ͷֵĿࡣ
Ǻǣ̨ô
͵߬ȭͷм컯ɾУսһѪڵļ¼ϧܹʵǵĻᣬʵ̫ˡ˵ţ̾һ
λ
أһ֣һЦò˶ãϴܹ˳صϵ̨ףƽѼ¼Ҳ˵컯ɾܹϴƽƽҲͽˣ
Ϸ֡ҹɵһЦһΪͬصͷǡ
ȻСزȴЦشǾ֮ܣҪ֪Ԫʿʵǳ̨ûпܵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӡԣҲûʲôı־¼ʥ߼ʿѵļ¼Ƕ١
ȻҲͬīǰ˵ļ¼ǣҿԿ϶ǣ컯ɾУܹԪ磬ϵ̨׵ʿֻˣ
Сزһƶ



1163 
Ϸ֡ҹˣʱϢһϣһΪضСز
֪ߴе̳Ԫ磬м֮ӣܹϵ̨ףһЩССɣҲһЩ֮飬ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӱֵһᣬӰ̫СˣȫԳƵԣҲ˶Դ˴
ңÿһ֮ӣڸ˵飬ˤˣڿ»ˡ޲ýԵ֮Ӷ˽ѵֱ֮㹻ǿʱ򣬲Ż޹˼ɵس˵СϾĳָֻ鷳Ϊжд̣زۣ
Сزһһʮ˵ԣҿԪʿܹ˳ϵ̨׵ˣҲϰٸ֮ࡣȻˣѼ¼Ƿǵ̨ףҲǣҶԴ˳л̬ȡ
ԣϷҹֵˣɵɫһһЦá
ԭΪʥ߾磬˳ϵ̨׵ʿˣ˭룬СزһҲϰˡ
仰˵컯ɾϷҹֵ˵츳ѪҪŽǰһΪѣ
ں˵ȻЩܴ
û뵽컯ɾ֮࣡
Ϸһп
컯ɾųСɽ磬Ũ̶ȣԶڵ棬ŶһҲʵҹкβס
¸¸£ǼСһƺΪҪĹؼ©ˡ
ʱٻҲ뻰˵עȫ˹ȥ
˻
һü
컯ɾ츳Ϊ׿ʲôˣɽ񣡡
˾ɵĿ⣬ٻһЦؽ͵Ҫر۷츳ֻܹԪһΣҪȫλϸµ飬˵ʵϣ츳׿ɽ񣬲ףǿ˵һЩʥߣֻЩɽĺˣڵѪŨȣǳϡȫɽᲢۡ
ǣ󲿷ֵɽ컯ɾ֮侳ΪͳԽԪ磬Ѿ̤ʥ磬龳硭ԣҲŻ˵Ҫ˽۷츳ѪԲֻܹԪļ¼
ٻӡ
˻
δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣٶһ󾪺п
ȷ
ٻԼǡ
컯ɾΪ۷츳ѪɽЩɽԵ츳ѪѰܹᲢ۵ġ
ǰٻ룬ɽ츳Ѫʮֳڡ
֮£ī츳ѪٻҪԶȻˣΪɫ룬īһʥȪȵĻѪأǺлȸ˵ġ
ܵ˵컯ɾеĸɽÿһ˵츳Ѫʮֳڣƿš
˵ǵ츳Ѫ컯ɾУǸֵһˣ
Ϸ֪̾ɽΪ޴
Щɽ񣬶Դռơ
ӣ컯ɾУҪһٳ֪Ψлǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
ֿ֮⣬Ϊ˵Ҳ
˷׷׵ͷ
ãǿ쿴
ôһұϵŽӿȥˣ
أһˣʧ
ৣʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۵˸߿С
ȥֻһǺӰЯױȵĿܹһҲƵسϯʮΣ
Ҫ֪вռ֮Ҫֲöࡣ
һСģ֮У׾ɥʧķѣĲƬ
һǺֱ񳱣ӿףѰ˿ˣʱһᵽɤ۵λá
һΣŽζҪжˣĻǣ
һ㣬ͻգŽҪӣûеطӣʵǳ̨ұ
֪ŽһΣǷнѿǵı죡
Ҵˣһ࣬˽
˶ΪҪȫֵʱ̣ĿһĻٶݡ
ţ
ÿֲ
ֻһڳ̨ϵף͵תͷ񳱣ʮƽһЦⰻȻƺûн
ǧһ֮ʣ˵࣬ȫᵽɤۡ



1164 Ϊ
ͣ
ֻһѰ죬һӣһʮɵĿռѷ죬ƾճ׵ǰ
ʱһ޾ԴӿռѷϯĺڶһҲƵؽӿȫ˿ռѷ֮С
ֻ̣ж̶̵ʱ䣬ԭ˿糱̼ʧ١
һĻһУͬһһĿ࣬һƱʩչʯ͵ؾԭء
ţҿʲôŽȻͶ֮䣬˺ѳһռѷ죬ˣ
û뵽һԪʿȻӵͨȻܹڳ̨Ե˺ѳһռѷͨǲ𾳵ĸ֣
˵ŽڻԵɺ֮£һı磬ӶõһֵĴ編Ȼǰ϶ˡ
ò˵ŽƾһУԺ컯ɾҲ޾ηˣ
һˣ֮󣬷һȻʧضףΪŹ֣ǶһֺƶһͷѳĶħ
һȻȻ赭дؾͽˣ
Сزһžգʱ˿̣ˢһ±ò԰ֽһŵضǰľöδܻ
Ȼ˵Сز֪ӵһı磬ǣ׾Ͷ֮䣬˺ѳһռѷ죬ֽ񼣰ǸСزһԱǿҵӾ
أСزԺУֳһ뷨ǾǴʱ˿̵ɱսĻһʲôľ棿
пʥСزԪףҪţͷԣ±ռѷ֮Уһغ
෴ƿһִ編ף޼ɵؽй֮ݡ
ϾֻҪԸ⣬ͿԽռѷ֮жܣƾСزıӵҲ˺һë
һˣСزɵ͵شһ飬ĶͷϣһſŶĺ৶䡣
ļһжٵûչ¶
Сزݺݵһĭ׿似ļܣûٱ޶ԣҲ޷ٳ̡
һʱ䣬ȫڣȲֱһƬ衣
ȫΪ졣
׿ԼֻһʮϡƽˡȴûϵȻ֮ĺ䶯
ҡͷһЦҲٶ룬ȫʵǡ
ܿ죬һʱȥˡ
ʱ䣬˳شӵ̨ף˵̨סһΣ׵֮ϣؿƣ֮ɫȫ£Ҳ˲ٵ˿ڣƤˣֵһᡣ
ڵϵ̨ϵһ˲䣬д߶Ԫһͽȫµ˿ڣ޸
ٺ٣ɹϵ̨ˣ
߬ȭͷԼı֣ʮֵ⣬ڵԪ߳ɣؼ̨߲׷Ҳʮþȵ顣
һˣ׼˿ûгɣԽһȪ뻳е໨ƿУһ̲ͣسŵ̨߲ȥ
ͻһĻǫ́ײһ˵ȣȫһʧ
ǿ쿴ŽȻûֱͣӳŵ̨߲ʵǶȥˣ
һ۲۵ĿţֻԪ磬ܹһ̨ףң㹻ĵŸߵ̨׷
ţһѵҪСزһһ̨ףң̨ףǵ̨߲ףÿһ̨׵ѹС
һˣһ˽
һȻƣ
ŽŲͣףСز͵رݽҧһˬضȫס
Сز׸ᲢۣСزͬһ磬СزҲ㹻ܹѹһͷСزΪġ
οСزʥĸֻ֣Ԫ磡֮䣬֮
Сزе߼ϵУԪʿͬһ㣬Լö࿴һۡ
һֻϣȻҶСزƣͼСزһһʵ̨ף֤Լʵ
Сزںâڱ˵ơ
޲̽״Ԩֻأ
һ£׳ɹص˵̨߲ףǽһôֲ飿
һԪʿһӵĲ̨ף˵̨߲ףǴ϶һƬ䶯
˵ʥҪ飬ãԪʿˡ
ʱСزҲⲻ˻ᱻó׽бȽϣʣʥСزΪһͷβģ׸ȫѹһͷ
һˣСزʱŭ޲ܽʬΣҡ



1165 ¼¼
ޱߵԭҰ֮ϣӰ糱һ㣬ҲƵسŶϷϯЯһԿܵĿֲƣƸһɨҰ
ķޣȫŵĴӣĩսһ
ǶȥؿӰȫͳһʽװؿڴһͳһı־Ȼߴ֮һ򶴿ߵı־
򶴿ߵһ壬ڣ峤ͨ£ɱڣս죬ƺҪʲôŰɾһս
Բ˻µһͨԳȻΪѰһѾ伣õٻ롱
ڣڤĴ£ڵ˳̨һط
ڤϣҪĵط
ͨ󶨾ȥֻɺϯ죬ضǾ޴ӣһӰûУЩơ
峤Ī֣Ӧһǰٻˣһԭ·ˡ
ڤ͵һ飬ҲΣһǷӣɥޱȡ
ȻڤԼҲǳʧ
Ͼһν赶ɱ˵ľѻᡣ˳ҵ˰ٻ룬ôв𾳽ͨڳٻƱؽ죬ҲûдĿܡ
һڤҲǸλұеֵܱѩˣ
ˣһǧΪһλɢе̺ʽÿһ飬һϴӡҪҵٻ룬˭֣֪ͨңͣ
ͨ
ܿ죬ڵͷΪʮ飬ÿһ飬һ龳ĳ죬ԼĪһǧҡ
ͨĴߴ£ʮܿ͸ѡһ򣬿ʼе̺ʽ
Ǻǣһ峤Գٻӵĺǣֻ·һҵҪܹʲôʱ򣡡ڤ˼⣬΢΢̣¶һĨζЦ⡣

һߣʵǵ̨߲ףѾȥʱ䡣
ҹײͣЪ˳ص˵̨߲ףУƾϽۣӲ˲ʮοռ֮УҲݻռνһ·Ķǡ
˳ϵ̨߲׵ʱ򣬳̨ײһ˵ȣ׷ˡ
Ž̫ˣֻԪ磬˳˵̨߲ףҪ֪ŽֻԪ磬컯ɾУһǵһ˵ʥ߾磬͵ϵ̨߲׵ġңӻһʵ̨ףмһ̲ͣ
ӣŽʵж֤ԼӵСزһϸµʵʥСزܹ飬Žܹͬ
褺Ŵ˿̵Сزп϶ǳܣÿһţԸһָоձںοСزƽƽʿԪ磡
һˣһ̾
ڣмˣε峤Сز׽һȽϡ
ʵ֤Сزͬһ磬׾ҪСزӵ
̫ˣ˳˵̨߲ףĲ˵ٱȵıҪǿ
Ϸ˷ܵػȭͷ
Ƽ¼ˣʷԵһ̣ţֵ츳ѪںųСɽ컯ɾҲܹᲢۣҹզп
ͬʱ־˵ЦΪ׸еԺе

̨ϣ˳ϵ̨߲׵ףһȪЦСزı飬һЦ⣬СزҾڰ˲̨׷Ҫ˶ãͿ԰ٳ߸ͷһŵھŲ̨׷̶˳µػǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӡʱǽʶӸˣҿɾֱǸˣ
˵ţͷЦƺԼǫ́ϿѾΪ˰϶ˡ
ţһղ˵ʲôҪǫ́ϿɣȻ󼷵ҵʶӣ
СزһЦƾһԪˣҲҵĵȨδЩ̫޴ˡ˵Žܷ˳ҵʶӣ˵ܷϵھŲ̨׶һ
СزͽԼĵλһءУ׾ԵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɡ
Ͼ̨߲ףеڰ˲ھŲ̨ףδʵǡ
Ѷϵڰ˲̨ھŲ̨ףȻΪֲġ
֣
֣
̨£ҹϷֵˣΪ׵ֵܣʱҲմ⣬ϲ֮£׻Ȳʡ
ۣ
ڵԪʣ²ɣҵĻָ֮ڣӦÿԻָߵ˲ĳ̶ȣ
촽̧һ۵ڰ˲̨ף֮¶һĨǿҵĿ
ײûһʱ³ç嶯һ̲ͣʵǡ



1166 
˹еĿУһȪϥʼһ̲ͣȪϢ
ֻˮģȪ׵Ĵ߶£شزţһɹŨϵشȪڲϯƽӻ뺣һԴԴϵӿ׵ڡ
ʱ׸оȪ֮УͬɹչԡȫůġͬʱʮëףҲſһ໴ĳƴž
ܿ죬׵澭Уϵ׳ͭһȫֽǡ
ΪĹʮеһŽ壬׵ǿȣͬʿᲢۣȪЧҪߵö֮࣬䣬ͿմõǻܲסˣԱ
ò˵׷ľȻΪһ羰ߣǫ́ײһ˵ȣȫһզпΪĽ

һ߰աĹ켣ڵԪգһ߷ֳ񣬳Լı챦С
֮ǰõ˰ٻĴУںһַ壬׵ı˵ǼԴϾⲿ̺ŷԪ龳ְٻı羫֮ǰ΢һС֣˳ͻƣһٽʥ쾳硣׵ٶȳڱУϣܹץһлᣬԼľΪ
Ȼ˵ʵǳ̨ǳѣʱţһǵķץһлԼľΪܹóɹļʸһ¥
תۼ䣬ҹ棬ֹȥʱ䡣
ʱڣȫϢͬʱֳڱ챦УںŰٻķԪ
Ǻǣںһְٻı壬ǶڰٻһЩܣҲ˸˽⡣
ڣҾһ˿
챦УһӰƾճڸ߿УȻ׻ûɵķ
ʱ˿̣˫ƽ̯Ĭдʣٿأ͵һſڣһɫ˿Դ׵Ŀ˳Ӱ⣬ԳԶȥգ۲Ӱ

һ֣һ̲ͣٶſ˿ֻͣһƿܿʮɫ˿ɿһ۳һʮ㡣
ɹˣ
͵߬ȭͷһ󼤶
û뵽һְٻķ֮󣬾Ȼѧ˿ڣһһҲܹſ˿ˣ
ٺ٣Ȼ˵˿ֻǵСؼǴӰٻǼ̳жģѰ˿Ȼͬ
һƣһɷԲ˿ವһ׸廨ʮճʮ㡣
˿ҵıѪûɣںһַ壬ϣҪ̫ѡ
һˣ͵ȫƾҪƣϧǳ׿ħ˿Ҳ
ʮʱ䣬ѡ˷
û뵽ҵһ۶ɵı˿ӵ˿ֲԡҲѡó޵״̬Ҫѣǳ˵Ρ
촽һԶɰ׵ǰڷ⡣
ԼĽЦúϲ£죬ֻҵһγ˿Ʒʣ̺İ巨򣬶ʮֵͶˡǣԪʿʥжѾ´ˡ
ҽٻķ壬ٷں֮ҵı˿Ʒʣܹٳ߸ͷһ
״ں϶ķе֪һࡣÿһֻıڲͬ
ǧСһССеǳ֮һ㣬֮ͬ
ÿһ൱һ󷨣̺Ųͬķ壬ЧҲͬ
⣬һɴССĿˣȴԷǬ顣
ıʮֵͶˣ̺ķ壬Ҳʮǳԡ
ںϵķٻյ󷨣֮࣬УΪ߶˵ıÿһ񣬾һģ󷨣ǧһ൱ǧС󷨣ͬһǬһƬ󻨺һ׹޾֮УҪѳǳ˵Ρ
һıһ츳ؼѰʿҪɱУǲҪķʱ䣬ʵսлơһ壬Խ󷨰壬뱾֮УһſڣͿסˣõ⧲֮£׹֮У
촽һ󿺷ܡ



1167 ë

ٿأ챦еӰƾʧ١ͬʱ̨̨߲ϵף˫һ΢ЦϢҵԪָ˲٣⣬ҵҲһ̶ȵ
ѵõǣںһַ֮ҵı챦Ҳ˳ĽڣѾԼԼش˵ϣƺֻҪһ֣ܹͱǲֽ̤Ԫ죡
͵߬ȭͷ֮ϣһĨЦݡ
Ҫ֪׸ոڲ֮ǰ̤ʥ쾳磬ȴִ˵ϣֲֿٶȣѰʿĪ
£ٶȱ˫ʼһ̲ͣ
̨£˵עȫ۽׵ϣһţΪ֡

֪ʱһɳĻɳڿ޼ɵغɣĴϣۡ
ʱ˿̣һСɽ֮ϣȴǲϵزʳᣬһԲ׽
ȵΧǾۼǧֻƴСĽ׻ȳ棬һɱڡ
ڵȵĲٻ£ɢڸطĽ׻ȳ棬ʼһ̲ͣسŵڵλþ£һЩ׻ȳ뵶ȵľԶԣҪģܹеӳȫϡ
ĵȣûʲôҪ飬ԣҲż
ণ
ߵԭҰ֮ϣһƫԶĹľУһֻһȵĽ׻ȳ棬ƺ˴ˣڹľдţһʳ᲻ϵزţɫĳҰڶƺڽĳֲΪ֪Ƶ
ʣֻ׻ȳ棬ǵϽĳȺеһԱ
ʱ˿̣ڽӵȵٻ֮ȫŵȵλøš
ٿأһƿ촫ԶУһƬѹѹӰ糱ҲƵسŽ׻ȳķϯ
̩ɽѹĿֲƣ׻ȳŵ͵һ£æڵأϢһҶ
ֻһ˫ɫͫףеȺɨȥ
ֻһۣ׻ȳŵøεѡ
ΪڣǧӰÿһӰʮְСü͸Ȼ򶴿ߵһ塣
˵򶴿ߵһ壬ǧˣڳ̨һΪ˰ٻ
Ͼ֮ǰٻʮ̵ֲɱλ龳ڤ򶴿˵һǳĴۣһرԸ˵ǰѰǳ顣
׳ϣһΧ˰ٻ룬ǧѷһλϣƽﲻôܵã峤ҲûʲôȨǣֻҪܹץסλᣬɱٻ롣ôһպսʱ򣬶ܵ峤Ĵͣǽɻɫʯ׸峤ôܵЯãպ򶴿ߵݵλҲһɳ졣
һͺͷҰߣһϮۣһλŮЦŴ
ϣô˵ǣҲǧġϾǰٻȻѾԪȻܹһɱλ龳ĸ֣ʵȻС
ĵİ׳ĳŮˣһʮֳΪëǸܹǵŮˣжս֮ʱ˻ɱ֮䡣
Ȼ
Ұ䡢ʮصĶϣΪȻص˵ͷ˵ʱЦ棬ڰ׳ֺ֮⣬֪Ǳ׳ϹƻǣΪ׳򶴿ŷͬı

Хǧ˵һ壬һ̲ͣسŶϷӶȥһĿ磬ɢϵſɵӰ
ڹľеĽ׻ȳ棬ڿһһɲǣŵøεѣ׳붡ϵ˵ʶתʱ򣬸ŵûɢֻΪᱻһɱɢ
ý׻ȳΪҵǣһİ׳붡ϣȻ˿ϢĽ׻ȳ棬ǣûҪϾɱ˼ȻһССĽ׻ȳ棬ֵһλĳϳ֡
λ龳ĸУһֻȵĽ׻ȳ棬ͺһֻϣһֻӬһֵһᡣ
ʮʱ䣬ǧӰʧãã޼ʵʡ
׻ȳҲӾл
ಣ
ٿأ׻ȳʳʩչ˸մԼֵ򵶷Ƚл㱨
ͬʱڸҲкüֻ׻ȳ棬Ҳ½ǧֻɵ׷е̬أ׷׽Ϣմȡ
ӵϢĵȣһһ·ûһ˿һĳɣҲƵسڵʵǵӶȥ
ͬʱǧֻ׻ȳ׷׵ͿշУһ·۵糸ƺʮֽ



1168 ʦ
ɳ˺ü죬ȻûͣЪ˼
̨̨߲ϣѾʱ䣬ʱ׻ָò壬ɫ˹еĿУ˫Ƹո˯ѵһվ
ǺǣڵԪָ߰˲㣬ͬʱ챦Ҳ˳Ľϲɺأ
΢΢һЦ׿˵ڰ˲̨׵ķһʱ죬ƺϵڰ˲̨ף˵ͺǴһǷһ򵥡
쿴ѹˡܿ죬Ҫŵڰ˲̨׷ҳ
ֻһȭͷ
ڰ˲̨ףѶϵǳ֮󣬻û˵Ԫʿܹ˳ϵڰ˲̨ףԸһܹһٴƼ¼
ǺǣŽ弫һܹϵڰ˲̨׵ģŽ˵սӦǵھŲ̨ף
һˣһ˽
𡭡
أ׵ͺһȫµƤ֮ϣɿ쳤һϽۣ˵̬Ҳó޵״̬
ǵδܿ죬׾ֽŲãһֻɽһɿʵ
顭
ڰ˲̨׵Χһ絶Ŀռ֮Уش󣬼һЩ񳱣ӿ˸εѣη塣ڵ̨߲ΧĿռ֮Уڰ˲̨ΧĿռ䣬ֲңǿռ֮еһΣвпһغ
׶Դˣȴ⣬ʵǵĹУͥŲдþͺڹ仨԰
÷֡ϷҹһֵܿõһΪһѺ
ҹʱҴҡ
˹еĿУʱҴţʵǹУѾ˳һұڣٶȣǶʥ˵Ϊֲ
ʵǵĹУȺʮοռ֮еϮԼοռÿһζʮ־գÿһζľΪҪӳ̨׹ˣգ׶赭дչأò˵ֱһ漣
׵ĺƺҲͷˡ
Ϊ֪ʱ̨ԵɺɳӰ£ø񱩣һ㾪κˣϯ죬Ҫȫûһ޾˷ϯ
߿У֪ʲôʱ޾ɿһγһɷԲӴУ֮ɳʯľȫһε֮УؾУĲƬ
ʲôˣΪλͻȻһУ
ţкÿֱֲϹ޵Ѫڣ
ڵϣЩԵֿеʸұϵŽ壬еľǳٵҲӿֲشʮΣ
һˣһ֧Ż֣ƴ󳷣ڵԪҲһ̲ͣת±ֲиУһغ
֣
֣
Ϸҹֵˣһʧ׵񣬸⽹ơ
СزǲΪֻǫ́ϿɣԴֽţ
ԸϷ첽嵽Сزǰʡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽Сزϡ
ĳ˵ϷĻɣȫǺġ
ΪʵǵСزһͶɵģڲ֮ǰСزΪϷԵʣ⽵ʵǵĿռȶԡʵǵѶϵҡֱϣ֡ҹˣ֮һ̷ʵǡ
ΨһǣʵǵѶϵȴһΡ
񣬳̨ϿյĿռȶԣٶȶ񻯡пܣСزڰʹ
ϾСزʵǳ̨ʱʵǵĿռ䣬ʮȶû̫ӡ
ʲô㻳ڰʹ
ϷʣСزĿԲһĲޣǺǣҰ룬Ϊһһε峤αĵ飿һ٣ڷ֡ҹϷȵĿУЦһ΢΢׶°ͣ˵ˣҾҪʹҲ͵͵ڣȫʹܹҺΣ
Сزʮ㣬Ϸֵˣмһˡ
ƺϷһö֮ʦеǳЦ
㡭
Ϸ͵һ£Сز񣬷·Ҫ˶ɡ
СزδҲ̫Ŀˣ
н罣ϣֹܹƽҲҪһ֤ԼĻᡣǰƣǾԲưոݵģ
ҹΪȻص˵ͷ
Сزһû뵽ϷֵˣȻһٶسԲѷвԼʱЩ಻סеĻ׼֡
סڣ
ʱī첽ǰϷ֡ҹ˺ǳһǼ£ʲôʱֵ˵ˣ
Ϸ֡ҹһۣ޿κεشײ첽뿪



1169 Ѫ
СزǧҪ֣һΪŽֵܣ鼱֮£Щʧȥǣ˵ҲǷǣϣдҪȥ
ī΢΢һЦŵ̬ʼԲ
˲֪īȴһСزʵǵļܣʲô˿۶ɵīţī֮µһ۵Ĺȡ
ī룬ʼնڰй۲ȵĶ
˵֮ǰһϷŭСزСز⽫ȴаγһ֣ӶʵǵϿյĿռҲ֮⣬һγֵУСزΪ
ԣϷһڵСزʦԩСز
Ϊ˱һЩȫҪᣬνս𣬴ӶӰȫʵǵףīֻԳǰԲϣСزҪΪһʱ嶯ԴѾʮֲףκʽ𺦡
ϾΣʵǵĹȣСزƿ֮Уһ֮䣬Ϳʵǵ˲ǽСزǼˣ롣
ǰҲӣֻСһʵĿ𳤣׻˵²ٷǰٺȰ˵Ҳٽʲôˡ
СزûػӦһ
ô˵īΪ龳ĸ֣űǱȾΪСز֮ϣҪأһҪеġ
ȻСزûнϷ֡ҹһ˷ī룬ҳԲѷ
ãһһѵǵġ
īЦŵ˵ͷתͷɨһϷһˡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׷׵ͷҿī۾
Сز
ʱһֱĬİٻ룬ڵĿռ䣬ȷǳӣŽĴʮΣҪ㽫ȫ֮УҲɫʯ̨֮ϵӽܣһʵǵĿռȶԣܹܿһΡ
Ÿ߿еУϹ޵ѪڣٻҲǰһѺ
˵ٻǷǳϣܹ˳ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɵġ
һ㣬Сزűʵ
СزɵȻһһضŰٻ룬ţΪλҪ˵ЩһԩңڣҪǳȶʵǵ㣬飬ˣ
˵ˣǱԪСʼ䣬ҾҪЭ˵ǰʲôſԣ
Сز죬һա
ǣŽٻ뻹ҪȰ˵䣬Сزȴתͷȥٻ롣
ٻһεҡͷЦҲټȰ˵ֻ̧ͷһǵضŸ߿еס
ʱ˿̣ʸұϵף˫צؿұڵķ϶ͱڣڿֲ֮£׸оԼͺеһҶۣʱпΪ֮㸲
£ʵȻ̫ʵֻҪ΢һпܱ֮УʬΡ
ǣʹ֣ͣʵǣҲԲԸЭ
ԣֻܹϣУܹѸƽϢ߾Զ̨һ׻лʵǡ
ʱһһĹȥڵԪҲ˿һϵţ˵һǳĿ顣̨ײһ˵ȣȫĵһȭͷΪ׵е
ʣһֱӣԺתô׾ûбУҲѱʵǵڰ˲̨ˡ
ܿ죬ҹĻ٣ڳϵ֮£ɷԲȻչΪǧɷԲգҹ֮Уͺһīĺڶ˲ֱӡ
̨ײһ˵ȣϵغ󳷣̨ԽԽԶǣԾվӡ
²УȻų̨ķײȥˣ
أϷһ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲ڸ߿е֮ϡ
ֻǧɷԲУתһ޾Ĵ߶£ӿȣ죬ҲƵسų̨ϯȥƺҪֱĳ̨Ҳȫɡ
ĵǣ̨ײλãڵĵطԶһײ޾ϯƱؽɿ籩еһƬҶ䡣

Ž壡
ˣ
ǧһ֮ʣ̨·һ˵ȣһʧ
¡¡
ڣһɽѰıϯǧɵУЯױȵĿƣײ˳̨Ƴ죬ƻײһ
ڿֲ֮У̨ȻҹĻУĳ̨ͺبŴĹޣ֮䣬׺ɣغƽ٣أԲӡ
֮ǰԻһУڳ̨ǰ˵òһһʯδиò˵ĳ̨һ
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһһĿĶŸ߿еľ
һʱ䣬ÿһ˶æſ֣תԪȫԱͬʱΪ̨е̾ҲΪһߵ׶еǡ



1170 һ
¡¡¡¡
޾ľκˣӸ߿ϯ£һشӸ߿׹ƣεΪ׳ۣΪ֮Ŀ࣬𺳡
˿ֲٲŽ˲ûӣŽҪʮѣ
ǿδأŽƿһִĿռ䷨ֻҪ˺һռѷ죬ؾܹȻش
ѰŽ嵹ǿÿռѷԱǣ˿ֲٲѰĿռѷ죬ɡҿŽʮа˾Ѿӳ̨׹ˣ
һˣһ࣬۷׷סÿһ˵Ĺ۵㣬ͬ
ͬʱϷ֡ҹˣҲɫٿȻɫ
ģ˿ֲٲ֣Ҳֻܶռѷ֮Уܹ˳Աˣ͵߬ȭͷ
ִӿռѷл֮󣬾Ѿɥʧ˼ʵǵȨʱҪӵһ̨׿ʼʵǣ
ҹҧҧ
ĶʧһλᣬôСز᲻ֵڶλᣬһδ֪
Ϸл̼
ʵǳ̨һԼͬĹ涨ʵǵĹУжϡ
ĻҪ
ȻĻһЩʵµʿͿ©ʵǳֻ̨龳ֵıУȵ龳ĸֵϵھŲ̨׺󣬽ӱٻˡ
ϧôȫ޷ǫ̃Ͽɣ˵ڳ̨̨һʶˣһȪܵõ
ͬΪԱ˺ѳһռѷ죬Уôʣ֮ǰŬˮһաҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣҪͷ
ǸʱСزǷ񻹻һᣬö֪
Ҿ˵Ž岻ֻԪΪȻͼϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣǳ˵ΡںˣǵûܵϵھŲ̨ұٲ֮Уǣ
Сزһֻбһ۴ͷɥŵϷҹֵˣЩĸо
ȻСزʮϲãȴûһϲɫ
ƺײѣСزûиеٿ֡
Ȼ˵СزǷǳϣʵʧܵģǣȴϣһַʽһͿء
ϾСزǸžţ츳ѪϣܹԼһϸµļһϧĸоͬʱҪؽ׻ܵ
ʮǿҡ
ţһͨǷǳý
Ψн׹ػܣСزܹ֤ԼΪš
ȻˣСزӵʥľΪɱȶ̫ӮҲ˵ԣʵǳ̨Ϊһһϸµĺ̨
Сزʥ磬˳ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣңһʶӣΪ˾Ŵ֮еһԱ¡
ףԪ磬ҪﵽСزĸ߶ȷǳѣʵϣֻҪϵڰ˲̨ףСزȻ׵츳Ѫ岻ѣʰ·ˡ
ϾСزԪ磬ζԵϵڰ˲̨׵ġ
ˣСزȻҪѷɫ֡
ǣֻҪû˳ڳ̨һʶӣСزȻڳռݾԵƣӶ˵ٻ뿪ףصԼߣһͬˡ
Ҫ֪ʣʱѾˣûڴʱڣ˳ϳ̨ôͽʱգ̶ص壬Ҳ̤컯ɾһ

һҽѵʱ̣Ӹ߿һкǧٲ׹ɺ֮Уתۼʧ١ȥ̨߲ڰ˲̨ұϣȻһӰҡҡ׹
Ȼ׵Ӱ
˾ǣ׵ӣһŽɫ˿֮Уи³һָϸĽɫ˿ұϣе˿ƴ֧Ȼ׹ӡ
ʱ˿̣׵ȫ£ˣԡѪһѪʬ塣
ţҿʲôŽ壬Ȼû
ŽˣϢ٣֪ܹܲʵǳ̨
֣˿ô£ʲôʱŽѧһ츳ˣ
Ʒʣƺͣͬ룬³ı˿ŽҪѷһ˹ˣû뵽ǴСı˿Ȼûһ˵˿üͣ
һˣڿе˿ʱ鲻ԽؾһԼ˫
Ϸ֡ҹˣҲĿ࣬һ



1171 ²
ǿ쿴ֱһˣ
־ָŲϵĽɫ
ţ⾿ô£ַ壬Ϊܹһһ˿ˣ
ҹݺݵһĭԼ۾
Ǻǣô˵ڹؼʱ̣˳Ϸ͵߬ȭͷһңƺΪܹʵǳ̨ûжռѷ֮ݱܷâǣٲӲ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһ׵񣬸⸴ӡ
ûϵĹؼʱ̣׾ȻûѡĴϣҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
ľ񣬲˶ݡ
һȻܹ˿
Сز׵С˲ɷףһ˼ضףһʱ֮䣬Щ״
ŹĿı죬Ҳѧ츳ܣǣףȴһ˿츳ܣң׵ƷʣѰҪʤһ
ֱһ漣
¸¸£Ҳûʲô룬ӦŽСӣҵһַ壬ӶõҵĴУѧ˿츳ܡ
ٻӺһתͲµ߰˰ˣʱ¸¸µЦ˵עȫԼϣȻ˵ҲµŽõҵһ²УǣûϵŽ츳˳ڣȻոյõУܹ˿ƷʣһΣӿɽ̣ӿɽҲ
΢΢˫ٻһ͵ףһ̰ĺӣעİߡ
ʲôǵõ˰ٻ²Уѧ˿츳ܣ
ò˵˹ʺˣȻһ츳ܶѧˣ
붫ҹһۣһզп
īͷ΢΢һЦ
ͬʱһǣȴը˻һ
ţʲô峤Ȼ²иһˣţ
ûϵһˣȻܹõ峤ĴУЩĹˣȴʲôûţ
˵ˣСزε峤ûܴ峤Ƕõʲô²УŽĻԵˣδЩ̫ˣ
СزΪ룬ҲҪ峤Ĵ²ǵ츳Ѫ̫ڵ£Ǽ̳²ܹںϵĲ֣Ҳʮ֮һԣŽΪһǳõӣ⣬һ²иŽ壬Ҳ£ϵΪСزԺķչ·
һʱ䣬һ࣬۷׷ףöδֹ
ţȻ²иһƼˮļһ
Сزһؿİٻ룬˫֮ǲ˼顣
СزҲþȡôҵ⡣
ٻһЦһ˵ףҰٻһ츳վǸʧߣҵ²и㣬ܲһ¡ϾıΪ룬ѷɫһζ̳ҵ²ֻ;ŽͲͬˣСӣĿԣ⣬ҵ²иܹںϼɣҲϵΪӵĻԵˣԶԶҵҵ²ķۡ
δ䣬СزɵȻһһŰٻ롣
龳ְٻ²Уǧ磬мʿ۲
񣬰ٻȻ˵δػСزһʱᣡ
ţû뵽ѪŨˮ飬вһƼˮˡ
Ȼ֪ٻԼĿ㣬СزȻǳĲζϾһˣԼһΪиһˣ飬˭׽ܡ
ȣ
أֻһͺȣԡѪף͵һԾ˿£ʸұ֮ϣͬʱԪתһʱ䣬ȫµ˿ڣȫۿӵٶȷɿϣһͳȬ
һЩˡ
ҺãƾǿǣԼػܵƲأȻ˲ٵԪǣֻҪܹһƽϵڰ˲̨ףûʲôġ
ҧһĽɫವһڡ
ţ֮ǰһֽŲãһֻڻһŸߵұʵǶȥвͬǣÿʵһ׶³һ˿ڸߵұϣһƾ˿ԣԼ壬Ҳȹ壬ǲʧ㣬ҲڴӶ͵ұϻ
ꡱꡱ
ܿ죬׾һһӡسŵڰ˲̨ȥк괭Ϣͣźưܷһ



1172 һ
ڣ˹еĿ£֮һƽص˵ڰ˲̨ס
ǫ́ײһ˵ȣĿ࣬衣
ţĲԼ۾Ž壬ֻʥ߾磬Ȼܹһٵϵڰ˲̨ףֱǾף
ݹ컯ɾǻδ˵һԪʿܹϵڰ˲̨ף࣬Ҳ͵̨ףŽԴһ¼
˵ԪʿˣǾʥδܹϵڰ˲̨ף˵ŽȻֻԪ磬ʵʵѾԽʥѹһͷˡ
һˣһǿһף񼤵öƽ
ɹˣֳɹ˵ڰ˲̨ףûΪٲԵʣ;
˷ܵػһȭͷһĿܡ
һʵǳ̨νǲоգܹ˳չأѾ˵ڰ˲̨ףֻʣµھŲ̨Ϊؼսˡ
ҹ촽Цݲá
ɩӴˡ
ʱϷһζЦ⣬Сز࣬ƤЦ֪ıΪ룬ǿٻǰĴڡԴˣҷǳ塣
Сزü΢һƵضϷ˭ɩӣЩ
ϷǸƤۿСزֿҪ쭵ļƣأЦͣҲûʲô£ʣԪʱܷһٵϵڰ˲̨ף
ৡ
ͬʱ֡ҹˣҲתͷһЦضСز
Сزʱεԭأ촽˼£ЩԶԡ
ȷ
ȻСزԸ߰ǸԸʰ·֮ӡǣϷƣСزҲɡ
׵ϵ̨߲ףСزԸʰ·Ļһٵ˵ڰ˲̨ףôСزĵظе𾪣ͬʱһԱ֮Ȼ
ңҡ
ϷҹֵһЦСزһ׵Сʱǵͨ죬һʱԷ༥
СزǺģϷ֡ҹһˣʱһЦһƳһüЦ
Դһ棬Сزһ߸ϵ̬ȫϷ֡һ˷
ܹСزԱϷҹֵˣ˵ʹ졣
ңҳϣŽ츳ѪȷǳˣƿѰҲضá˵ףŽվֻһԪʿܹһٵϵڰ˲̨ףѾǿһոµļ¼ˡҪٳ߸ͷһϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣǳ˵Σ
Сزһ
ֱ׵֢ڡ
ԣϷ֡ҹˣɵԣһɫأ΢΢̧ͷԿڰ˲̨ϵףа
˵ʵǵڰ˲̨׵ĹУĵԪ̫࣬ʱ䣬ָܹԪҲǳޡھŲ̨׵Ѷϵǵڰ˲̨ܹᲢ۵ģ֪Ƿܹ˷ѣһٵϵھŲ̨ס
ҹһĵ֮ɫ
ʵϣڳˣȫΪװһѺ
׵ıʵǵڰ˲ĹУѾ߾ȫʮּѡҪٳ߸ͷһϵھŲ̨ףƺϣ
СӣеûչֳĻҪϵھŲ̨ףǳ˵Ρ
һ
ǷǳźŽ壬壬дʱ䣬ͻᱻʱ֮Уûܻǫ́ϿɣôҪص컯ɾʵǳ̨ǰˡ
ʵŽ츳Ѫһʥ磬ǫ́Ͽɣһʶӣǰ϶飬׾٣ϧû㹻ʱ磬ʥ磡
Ū˰
һпΪͬ顣
ͬʱڰ˲̨֮ϣƵ׻ָ״̬죬˿٣һǷӣҲǰδеϾڵõһȪ֮ϥϢһʱ䶼˷ѡ
ʵǵڰ˲̨׵ʱ˴Ԫ֮ڣҪָһǳǿ״̬ƺȽѡ
ӣֻܹƴһһŵƣչֳˣ
һˣ׵ͺһһٻȪ֮ǰһȪܹȪөһ׵ƾԣɢƢҩζ
ȣƴˣ
أ׽˫ٻһƬ󺣡

ֻһľİһƬɫ󺣣ϯڰ˲̨Ͽճû
󺣵룬ȫʮëףԡŽɫ󣬷ҲƵɡ
Ȫϯһɲǣͷɿת޾ϯҲƵɫ֮С



1173 Ѫ
ţһﵽڸΪβ߾ȫָĵԪе󺣸ٻˣĪǣƬ󺣣ǱеľڣŽҪںȪƷʣ
һһضס
ǺǣŽڵԪѾĴǲ취޸¸޷ʵǵھŲ̨ס£ǽƷһΣҲ޲
СزҡͷһЦƺ׵ȫмһˡ
СزٻȪ̺İԪȻ׼Ʒʡ
ƷʣֱܹӰʵǳ̨ԣȫù
СزĹͷٻȴһĳ˼أǰһƺ뵽ʲôпûв´Ӷ׼ñԪʵǵھŲ̨ˣϾںһŨľѪŽһУֻҪŽԸ⣬ʱԽеľѪóڣһɲǼָܹ۷״̬
ٻ׵ı磬ڱ챦е󺣣ʮ
δ䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһһ˼ضŰٻ롣
ţʲôоȻ̺һŨľѪֻҪŽҪһ֮䣬ܹеľѪȫ֮У
˵ŽδҲ̫ȼ֮ˡȻǰڱд˴ľѪڽҪͷͿʱȡáţʱڣŽ϶ָܹ۷״ֻ̬ҪŽָܹ״̬ôʵǵھŲ̨ףҲȫûпܣ
ò˵Žȫһ۲۵Ȼ־֮£еûչֳ
һˣһпȫ׸סˡ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһĻŭţЦ绨
ٺ٣û뵽ֻһ֣
Ц
ӣСز϶ҪˣҲΨһһܹڵڰ˲̨ϣ״ָ̬۷״̬ʿ̶״̬ŵھŲ̨׷Ϊҵĳ
ϷҡͷԣΪ׶е˷ܡ
ͬʱСزһĿ࣬һ׵СƱʩչʯӲ԰ֽƻһȫһѪɫ
һȻڱд˴ľѪʱڣͿԻָĵԪ
СزһҡҷͻȻоЩͷĿѣ̱
˽ƵĿУʱһţ󺣵룬ƴش߶Ȫ޾뿪֮Уͬʱȫµʮëףȫſһֻֻ໴ĳƴ˱̺ľѪ
ΪеľѪ׵壬ԣǳסŨľѪһӿڵʱڵѪԪ䳹Ϊһ壬ֱ˴ˣͬʱ澭ҲڷǳݵʱڣȫӦֱ仯
̶̵ʱ䣬һƬѪһ޵׶һȪҲֻʣȪ
ڣ͵˫վһ
ৡ
ʱ̨·һ˵ȣ׷׹ףһĿ塣
쿴ŽӱչѹˣʱŸոչȥ죬û뵽ӾֹͣѵѾ״̬۷壿
һһš
ܣԲܣ
СزĶͷϣĺ৶䣬һŵضŸ߿еףҧ촽ӾȻܹڶ̶ڣ״̬۷壬ţ
Ȼ׵ı֣ȫκһʿ
Ѱʿ˵ڳ̨ϣʽȪ̺ϾȪ̺侫Ũκε鵤ҩЧҪá
ץһʱ䣬ȪеȻΪʿĹʶ
û뵽һȻҵһѸݵĻָձõľѪ
ΪľѪһУЧʱȪҪߵö࣡
ò˵ŽһѰʿƽ޹ʵľѪڱд˰ľѪϾʿ˵ÿһξѪһʧȥҪĿָ
ǴҲһӼ֮ľѪҲֻд˵еŽ壬Ѫ繯ӵǣܹ˿ֲѹեڱд֮ľѪ
һˣһҡͷԣȫ׸߸֪
ڰ˲̨ϣһ֮󣬾һͽûȫյȪ뻳Уͬʱ󺣣Ҳ˱С
Ǻǣҵļƻɹˣ
Ϊں˱ľѪҵ״̬Ȼָ۷塣ڣһһͻƣԪ죬Ԫ쾳磡
һƣϲ쳣



1174 ج
֣
֣
Ϸ֡ҹһˣڰ಻סеļ뿺ܣһƴػ˫֣ס
΢΢һЦҲӶ˫֣Ϸҹֵ˻ʾ⡣
֣״̬Σ
ϷԸ꣬ѯʵ
ৡ
δ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲䣬۽׵֮ϣһޱڴ׵Ļش
Ǻǣ˱ľѪҵ״̬Ѿָ۷壡
ܿ죬Ҿܹ״̬ھŲ̨׷Ϊҵĳ
͵߬ȭͷ
˻
û˵̨꣬·һ˵ȣǵһȫȻ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһˣСزٻīڣȫһզпÿһĿⶢס
ò˵׵֣ʵ̫ˣȻоЩʵЩ翡
ǸǸ
ͶĹŹͷƺЩҺһСģԪ죬˳Ԫˣ
ȫž
һļž
ÿһʿȫһۣضס
֮󣬷ѹһզп
ţûɣŽһǵڶ̶̵ʱڣ״ָ̬۷壬ңһͻƣʥ죬ˣ
һ۲۵ĿšҪ֪컯ɾ飬ûһʿܹԪ磬ϵڰ˲̨ףûһʿܹڵڰ˲̨Ͻ״ָ̬۷壡ŵǣʵǵĹУǵûбѹեȥڣԼľ磬ֱһ漣
ѹִһˣܹõŵĲĿϧ²иӣ㾡ȫ£СزĹϵԭǻʶ飡
һѾָ۷״̬ڻһͻƣʥ쾳硣ôŽȫԳˮƽӣǰδе״̬ŵھŲ̨׷
ԭȣҹִΪŽΪһʥߣǴ컨׹ӿҲ޷ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɡǣĿǰ״ƺȫôһ¡Ž壬пܵϵھŲ̨ףлڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
һˣһп׵񣬾ͺƿһɣ޾ĳ뾴η
һȻȻͻˣ
Сزоƻһָɬȫ¸һƬ̣վӣСزܹ֪Լʱ˿̣϶Ǻߺ˲ӣȫ׵ıָˣ
ţûɣһȻʥ쾳ˣңһСͻƵģ
һʧʹ飬˱ˣͬʥӣΪҲʥ쾳磬֣Ѿʥ쾳ˣ
ȥֺܿͻὫǸԶԶ˦˸еơ
ϷԺǿǰȴһһεܴۣЩơ
˳ͻƣ״̬ǳѶϵߵĵھŲ̨ףҲǳаա˫ֺʮɣ
ҹһļһ顣
һ̣ڳʿȫӦ˶ҹĺ٣һ˫ֺʮĬдʡ
Ƿ֡Ϸһˣһˣīٻ룬Уÿһӣޱȵϣڳʥֺھ
ǴģȻҲ֣Ƿǲ档
Сزûһڣ˫ֻأƺһ˵ı֣ǳ⡣
ϧʱ˿̣һˣһưݼһ˵עȫ˵ڰ˲̨ϵϣûСزĸܡ
ɸλŽ壬һṼǵ
͵߬ȭͷһĲЦݡ
ٿأһƺյӦ͵תͷԶȥ
ণ
ͬʱ￪ԭҰϿգǧƵĽ׻ȳ棬Ӳӣӿ糱ڵȵ֮£һȵسų̨ķϯ
ڳһ˵ȣȫȻһһ׷תͷϯĳ泱
ţĶĳȺ
ģ˹ؼʱ̣ȻгȺţҪȫˣ
һˣһֵŷɿϯĳơ
赣ǣֻĵȣȵ£ʮӳ棡Щ׻ȳ棬ֻһСְˣ
ϷһЦʹһ˵
䣬һˣһ󾪺
ʲôŽȻƿһȺңȺʮֻӳ棿
׻ȳʮѰʥߣһȺУ̼ͻᱻԵùͷʣʮֻ׻ȳһ𣬽һʲô
ƾʮ׻ȳ棬ȫΧشаԵˣ壬׾پܹһǳһŸϾɱ
һˣһ࣬п
ȻƿһȺǳĽʺޡ
Ϊ״ľϲʵ̫ˣԣһˣѾʮľˡĻҪ׸



1175 ʱԷ
ԼĪһյĹ򣬵ǧֻ׻ȳ棬ɿ˵ǰ˵ȣǧֻƴСĽ׻ȳ棬ȫһڹľУһ
ণ
ণ
һ̼ģʳڿͬʱֹƺзǳµҪˡ
ţ⵶ôˣ
üͷһ壬Щ
ʱڰ˲̨ϵףȴ͵ʧͷ৶䣬ʲô򶴿һ峤ͨ󣬾Ȼˣںĵشе̺ʽѰ
̨ײһ˵ȣ׷Ȼһһɫ䣬һ㵵ضס
Ž壬ʲôˣ
ī̬أһسѯʡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϡ
ôһ¡
Ҳӣֱӳ͵ټɢڸĽ׻ȳʱ֮Уӽ׻ȳĿУõһϢȽõϢһܿ͵õһۡ
ۣ˵һجġ
һϾüͷһ֣򶴿һ峤ͨԳˣںĵشе̺ʽûжϴͨ϶ǱŰٻǰġ
˻
̼䣬ȫһȻһˣ׷Ϊ֮ɫ䣬ȫ
ţûɣ򶴿һ峤ͨ󣬾ȻԳҪһϾɱˣ
ͨò𾳽ĸ֣Ǳץסôǽ֮أûܹ˳
ѵʷҪôͨҪǰһһϾɱô
ΪץסǣͨȻˣԺĵشе̺ʽһҪصΧشĿԣǳãˡ
һˣһĵһ
š
СزСɷףæ˵ز˾ҿǻǸϽ룬һҪǱͨҵˣƱؽȫûûԿʱ
Ȼ˵СزԸ߰Ը¡
ǣ˵𾳽ͨǰ׷ɱһ壬ŵûʧɫ׼֮زز
ңû뵽ҰٻһˣȻܹͨķۣϧڳȫѲҡǺǣûв´Ļͨ˷ǰһĿģǽһϾɱΪȥλڤѩޣһĿģؾǶȡʵǵͨ
ٻ΢΢˫һɭЦϧѾһ飬ɥȪͨҪɱΪڳϱѩȻǲˣ
ʵϣҴδ¹ߴգҼȻСزϵھŲ̨ףһʶӣǫ́ϿɣҪߴΪУ
ٻһζЦ⡣
ţ֪ߴŲĳޡǣͨĶ֡νʶʱΪܣǲݱâȵ׷չ׳֮ɱ磡
Сزٶȳ
Сز
ٻһƣ̧ͷڰ˲̨ϵףŽδ˳ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣǻܹг롣

δ䣬ڳһˣСزε峤ȫɫ䣬һֹŹֵŰٻ롣
Σͨ׷ɱһ壬һ˵Ĺؼʱ̣£ӦȫԱŶԡ
˭룬ٻȻۿʵǵھŲ̨ף
δЩ̫ڻƿЦˡ
峤֪ǳŽ壬ǣһѱҲûʱ£Žˡһ׳ŵӳ
ûΪŽ壬ɱ֮һԣȫֵã
峤˼У
ʱһˣһһ̼ؿٻ롣
ͬʱ֡ϷҹˣҲһŵضŰٻ롣
ǰٻѡôСزջīţһΪٳʵǵҲһڰ˲̨ϵףƱؽɺ֮У˵ʵǵھŲ̨ˣܷһδ֪
ԣѾ¶˾ģˡ
ǵУ峤ͲҪȰҡ
ٻ̬ʮֵľûأСزڵˣȫɫ䣬һЦá
λǷģһϵĻ飬īѪģԲǱ򶴿ߵһҵġ
ī뾶ǰһǲھͿԽҵıУһ򶴿ߵһ壬Ҳûа취ҵˡϾǲһҪҵʿңһĿ귶Χ֮С



1176 սȺŮ
Ϊ˰ʧһ壬ī뵱һ顣Сزִ̲Ҫ뿪
īڹȵܣȻأСزѡ֮ززôī֮µĹȣ϶Ҳᱻߡ
ʱһٵϵڰ˲̨׵ףƱؽһ
˳˵ڰ˲̨ף״̬ѣֻһ̨ףܹɹǫ́Ͽɡ⵽Ѽӣīζߡ
īǰ
СزһƣЦĽ飬Ȼǳǣ򶴿ߵһ壬׺Ū֮ǶıУֻҪһ巢ʵǳ̨Ž壬һŹǡ
Ͼڲ֮ǰҸոջǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӣʹǫ́ΧĿռһƬңɺȲֹûʲôʵǵȶռ䡣
Žȴһ˿۶ɵī֮ʵǳ̨ǴģҲܹµһϵʱǿҲ֮ݡ
СزһСûнī顣
һҴˣҲͷī顣
Сز˵ûһֻҪīţʵǳ̨Ž壬һܹ뵽һ塣ʱ򣬱ɱһǧɷŹһԭīƱؽѱûػһİΣ
ҪϽŽһʵǣѰһƧ֮٣򶴿һ˵̺ʽ׷ɱŽʵǡ
ӲףŽʣʱѾ޼ûʱٵȴ˵ˣһڣǸںĵش֮ء
һˣһ࣬ŷ
£Сزٻ峤һˣһûа취˵һˣֻѰܹȫķ
ϧҪҵһ˶ķס
Сز
ʱٻٶȿڣҼȻʶ飬Ž壬Ѿ䵱ܹͬѵĻ飬ǵؽ䵱һԼõĹߡȻŽǵĻ飬ôһΪŽ壬һЩҲӦõġϣ㲻ҪΪһĴۣ֪ѶˣŽġ
Сزһһ׵Сϣɵ¶һĨɬЦ⡣
ʼգ£׵뷨ǰٻһԸСزûнܣ̸ʲôף
οǰٻƿ׵Ҳ˳ӵشӦٻҪһ屣õĹϵӦڽȫСز
λ
˳òɿʱ̣ڰ˲̨ϵף΢΢̾Ϣһûдô⣬ʵϣͨĶ飬Զʱڸܸϵһ飬龳һǧ˶飬֧ǵвҪСĶࡣңҵõϢ㣬֧ҪǣҲҪһµʱ䡣ԣȫ㹻ʱԱ
һ΢΢һһ˽۷׷ס
ţͨڵĶ飬ʱ޷ϵô⵹ǲең
ֻҪ𾳽ͨץסǾһ
ʮΣһµʱ䣬ͻ龳һ֧ǧ˶˵أһԵֵֻоˡ
Ȼ˵򶴿ߵ龳ǧ˶飬ͨ󣬶ǵвҪСöࡣǣҲǿԿġ⣬ֻҪǱ򶴿ߵ֣϶ڵһʱ䷢źţ֪ͨͨһľ֧飬϶ϹȫΧˡǸʱһ壬Ҫ֮ززǳ˵Ρ
һˣһƣסܵ˵Ƿǳ۵ġ
һĻǡ
ʱٶΣ룬˵ץһл֮ززҲûоԵİմڵһƤӵӳĵشɣ
ȻǲûоԵİ룬βһ顣
һƶ˵ɡ
ʱһȫ΢΢һ㶣˼ؿסò˵ڽҪͷд֮磬Сزոռ̳峤֮λһҪݵöࡣ
ϣܹһµʱ䣬һµʱڣܷϵھŲ̨ףҶӳ̨ʱұ˺ѳһռѷ죬Ƕ޾֮Уһ̾ͿںĵشʧӰ٣һӵǧҲҲǵĲ֮
һ顣
һǰһ
ʲôŽԶ޾֮У
Сزһľһ٣ҡͷУԲСһĸ˿ԲܽпĿĵƯ
һ˵ҪգСزܵΪҲز컯ɾҡΣһ˹һ



1177 Ůľ
ϷһЦһζؿСزԭΪǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣжôû뵽һͨţͽŵƨˡ
ҡҡͷСزɱ˰УϷģΪڻԵɺ֮£һ챦磬ԣƿһֵĴ編Ǻ׾ٵ˺գ컯ɾ
Լǡ
ֵ˵ͷȰ˵ʵϣѾֹһεƾ׵ͨǿе׷ɱˣڴ֮ǰǾգܾŹŵųһ˵׷ɱȵųһȥ֮־֮Ϳ˺ѿռ䣬»ص컯ɾ֮С
ڳһˣһһ˼ضס
ţʲôŽ壬ǵھͶ֮˺ѿռ䣬ҿԶգ컯ɾ
һκǿжҵˣǲ𾳵ͨҲˡ
ò˵Ž飬ʮ׵Žûſڿӣƭǣô֮Уϼ֮ѡ룬Ҫȫöࡣ
һˣһͷͷǵ׵飬ǳͬ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫתƵСزϡ
СزɫᣬüͶĿ⣬Żá
ȻˣôϣŽѪģһ֮ڣ۳ɰܣҪӳ̨ĻΪһ峤޷˽Сزն
ȻϿ׵飬ҲԼҪ
˭룬䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʲôСزȻŽѪģһµʱڣҪӳ̨Ҫ֪СزֿţҲķһµʱ䣬ŵϵھŲ̨סֻʥ߾Ž壬ôһµʱڵϵھŲ̨ף
ʵϣʥ֮ӣҲҪһµʱʵǵھŲ̨ףһû˵ܹһµʱڵϵھŲ̨ףδҲ̫ʵˡ
ŽȻӵſž츳ǣҪѹʥһڵϵھŲ̨ףʵǳ˵Ρ
һˣһҡͷԣСزЩ֣СزΪһİΣ룬Ҳҳ
ţѪģһڴӳ̨
ϢһϣʱɫƣСزһѪȻ˹ֵҪ󡣡
ޣСزʼգûнǵ빲Ļ飬ĻΪҪǣ
Ϸ͵߬ȭͷȻ˵СزδпܳΪɩӴˣҲԶϷͷŭ
Сز
ʱٻ밵֮Ҫٰ£Ž壬Ӻܴĳ̶ϣǿŽܹ졣Ž壬˿Ͷһˣһ
뵱Ϊƾһܹ֮ɽɣߴ⣬ڣ׺ɣڶýõѰһֵĿɽжôҪ
Ž壬ǡǡǳҪҲǽֵĿɽ˿ٶߴΧˣҲԶգ˳رԣϣԴŽ壬ԾܵؿãҪΪһʱļ֮ģԣ㲻ã˿һҲ
ٻģһһʮطס
СزһСǵͨ졣
ȷ
Ӱٻһʼ׽ܸʱСزʹеΪһѰ֮ӣǺѽһԼŵġ
ԣкܶʱСز£Ϊһʱļ֮ģ׷ԼĶ档
ò˵СزȻѾ̳˰ٻ峤֮λ۽磬ԶԶٻԶҲٻ뿴͸
ڣСز΢΢³һϷ֡ҹһ˽ƷŭĿУƣɺ֮ϵīš
һĻϷ֡ҹ˵Уƽĺ׹һʯȫŵ
СزҪʲôѵҪīţǳ׾ѣ
ŵɫȽŷ
СزҪ˺Ҳһù
Ϸҧŭ
ֵƿڰٻУǴƣû㹻ĻȨĻСزȻȫ˼ǵĸܣҹһִֵ̾СزоûʹС
ͬʱī΢΢˫֮УһīĹƺŰһ
ڰ˲̨ϣſīСزɫӣζӳ¡ǣΪԼƿڰٻУҲ޷ɱˣʮֵı



1178 ·ת
һɱ˰ĿУСزɫƽŲỺī֮ϣХСزϵĴȹ𣬳֮˺ƴӻ߳ɡ
СزϷ֡ҹ˵УŮ޹ϵħһ޶
ȣ
أСزһӴ΢ţ³һ˿ī֮ϵһ޲
ͬʱһСزĴ߶֮£ī֮µĹȣȫû֮Уʱ֮еɫʯ̨϶ȸһ¥
ɲǼ䣬˵һĻˡ
ԭұŰĿռ䣬̼÷ƽ˾ڰ˲̨Ͽգԭ洦ɼһռ֮УʱתۼʧӰ١ֻǼռ֮ش󣬶״̬µ˵ֵһᡣ

һĻӡϷ֡ҹһ˵У콵һһ裬Цúǵĺӡ
ٺ٣û뵽Сز޸īţƽҵĿռ䣬ǵЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ
ֲ˼ƺЩСز
Ҿ˵СزΪһ峤Բʶ˵ˣܷ񾡿ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣѾһ˽ܵϵһ𣬾СزҲӲҪԼһˡ
ҹЦúϲ£졣
ҶСزôô˳ۣǸЫŮ䲻֡ڣҵôôǸµĺӣѽѽֵ˵ھŲ̨ףǸɴ֮оٰһ¡صĻСز־Ϊ£һǸ缸ҲֶȺϲơĻȻص壬ǾҲûа취֤СزĻˡ
ϷһЦֵؿʼ
ͬʱһˣҲһЦһΪСزľٶе͡
СزȻǳΪ룬ֶػ˵зһߣδ
ٺ٣Ž˵״ָ̬۷壬ǣҪڶӵĻ£ҪһٵϵھŲ̨ףǷǳѵġСزƽҵĿռŽĻʹࡣ
ڣͿŽˣϣŽܹصϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣһһҲһɽ
һˣһĿ˸˸ؿڰ˲̨ϵףĿ֮Уϣ֮ɫ
ԭ΢΢˫ƶī룬ڿСزľٶڳһ֮еҲ˲ʧ١
ţ
ڰ˲̨ϣڿСزľٶ󣬲־ϲٿСزҲһ˿øС
СزʵҲûôᡣʲôʱ򣬰ٻܹһɿҵĿСزΪ顣
װ˼⣬³һ
ȡ
ţĿһתԿ򵶷ȣ´ڣ´ǲ׻ȳڸضνзڣҪΧȫƿ֮Уһз紵ݶҪһ㱨
׳
ণ
ʳʱһڵȵĴ߶֮£ǧֻڹľеĽ׻ȳ棬ʱӶ𣬾Գ˷ϯ
𡭡
һȵõһֱ߮ѪɫҲЩ಻סˣͺצƺҲҪõ񣬹Լһ
ѪɫĿ̫עĿͲҪˡ
ҡҡͷ
ѪɫһʱֱУᶼҪ
ѪɫΪİ壬ܹ˺ѿռ䣬龳֣ҲһвػһԣΪһ屣ݻ
һѪɫһ
Ѫɫʱ˷ܵ·ɣʱسȻԶĵȽ
ϧȸôѪɫʳһͳʧ˵֮С

е鰲֮һ̧ͷһ۵ھŲ̨ףҧ˫֮гһĨޱȼᶨ֮ɫ
໡
ʱֻһͺ׵ȫ£˲䳤һϽۡ˵Ҳ˲׳˶˼Ȧ񱩵ļ⣬һǿҵӾһ˫צ絶һؽڴǳһ̣˸˸ëȻ
쿴ŽҪھŲ̨׷ˣ
Ƿǳɰܣڴһ٣ԸŽ岻Ҫʧ
ŽĳɰܣѾһˣܵعһһޱϣܹһµļ¼
һˣһ˫ֺʮװ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһţҴǸŵģֱԼʵǳ̨Ҫ



1179 ն
ȣ
ӡ
׸һұڣȫתԪʩչӡһ˫צƵһץסұڵķ϶ƴسϷȥ
ͬʱ׵ĿУϵ³һɫ˿ұϣԼһϡ
ȻûɫһһЩûͬʱһĸоӿɤӿڣ³һѪҲΪ֮һΣƷ«έЩ䡣

û뵽ھŲ̨׵ѹ˵Ŀֲڰ˲̨Ҫֲʮ
׸ҧŭĿ
һʱȻδӦھŲ̨׵ѹǿȡ
ͻһĻǫ́·һ˵ȣȫΪ֮һһͷðʪ
ңϾһԪСҪϵھŲ̨ף̫̫ѣϣӲҪŵûܵϵھŲ̨ףҲҪԼŵԣǶա
СزûҡҡͷζЩ
һ棬Сزϣܹϳ̨ǫ́ϿɣΪһ׾ͳѹСزһͷСزҲûнһ¡
һ棬СزӴֿǣϣܹǫ́ϿɣӶõһɽӽΪ˿һ屣ݻ
һʱ֮䣬Сز˼ǳӣǸո׹밮еŮЩʧ
֣
֣
ϷҹֵˣɵʧһɫҰס
ͣһº󣬺ܿ͵һ̬ûмɣȫɢʥڵĿֲѹţֽŲãʩչӡһֻڻһŵھŲ̨ʵǡ
˵ʵǰ˲̨׵ʱ򣬶оգôʵǵھŲ̨׵ףͺ׹̶еһͷ󣬿һǻȴ޵ķʸĸо˾Ͷ֮䣬һֲֿѣʵͱڡ
ԣٶȣڡ
٣֮ǰСزٶȣҪѷһ
ʱһţһϷһ˵ʱ˿̵ÿһÿһ룬ֶĸо
ܿ죬ʮʱȥˡ
ֵοǣڹȥʮʱڣһһӡɵţоգûк̷ƣΪ׵ǵļֵܣһ
һǶȻһһӡлϳ̨ǣҪڶ̶̵һڵϵھŲ̨ףȻЩ˵Ρ
ʵϣٶȣСزҪѷһ
СزʵǵھŲ̨ףҲķһµʱ䡣
ԣҪϵھŲ̨ףҲҪСزķѵʱࡣ
һˣһձɫࡣ
ǿŽʮʱڣ˲֮һĸ߶ȣȥһµʱ䣬δܹϵھŲ̨ף
˵ףŽԿͳԿھͣҪʥŽ壬Ҹҿ϶ʵǵھŲ̨׵ʣҪöࡣ
ҲܶŽҪ̫ڿˣϾŽֻԪ硣ǣŽ岻һڵϵھŲ̨ףôÿһ죬Ƕпܱһ֣һ¶Ŀ꣬һ˵Ǿһľء
⣬ڶ˵ʱޱ󣡡
ڳһ壬һɫ̼ȹϵϡ
СزҲɫϣزͣⲽ
ī롣
ʱٻ΢΢³һҡҡͷī࣬һıһ巢֣жٰտ龳֣
ī΢̬أҲΣٻӣ˵ȻǴɫ룬Ȼ֮飬ԣҪʥȪȵĻѪأܹ׾츳ңͬʱռơԣҵֻܹӲһλ龳
һ٣ûȰٻī˵ģĹؼʱ̣īԱҲᾡʱġһһҡ
ٻ΢΢ͷī룬ٶô
ī΢΢һûϵٻôʣҲʵش𣬡ӵһؼڤݷԻΪһƹ̣ٶϵǷǳڵġ
ã
ٻĸοص˵ͷȻˣôϣһµʱܹ֮Ϊն򶴿ߵǧ˶Žȡʵǳ̨ʱ䡣
ԣīǰһʱظĵֱ죬ģΪŽܹ˳ǫ́ϿɣҾϵɽ»Ҳ岻ݴǡʱһᾡܵʱ䣡
ٻ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ֮ϣǳ



1180 屡
ܿ죬ʱһһţʮҹŶ
ڽʮʵǳ̨Ḷ̌û̫ıʣһһӡɵسϷұʵǡ
ò˵׶ԣʵǵٶȣѾﵽһƽ㡣
óȻʵٶȣ׵ԣֳɵĸпܻһ
Ȼ˵ĿǰٶʵǣҪһµʱڵϵھŲ̨ףȫǳ˵ΣڣһµʱڣϵھŲ̨ףǳѡ
κһʥʿԣһλðĽ
ϧĿǰ׶ԣȴôá
Ϊ׵ʱѾˣһһµʱ䣬ÿһÿһ룬пܱ򶴿ߵһ֣Ӷɱ֮
ԣ׶ԼǸ߱׼Ҫ
ǿ쿴Žķ˶ʮʱ䣬ûһĸ߶ȣһڶδܹϵھŲ̨ˣǿϧһ׼ĿһԪʿһٵϵھŲ̨ףһ漣ûϵ֮£ŽȻûлᰲȵʵǡ
ܹ֤һ漣ڣȴҪĵ͵ĽߴӵΧռ䣬ȴ֮ǣ޼ɵʵǳ̨
ĿǰŽϵھŲ̨ףӦûģǣҪһʶӣͱȽˣνãοʣʱ䣬Ѿˡ
һˣһ̾ɫɬ
Ϸ֡ҹˣҲкƴ˰ζƿ˵ơ
ণ
ʱԶ֮УһɫĹâϯȻǵȡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵˵ȵϣÿһ˵ɫΪ֮һһŵضŵȡ
ȣʲôϢܸҡŽȫʵǳ̨񡣡
īͺһһΣ˵ȵǰ
ণ
ȵһʳһīǰ輸Ȧʼ
ܿ죬īɫٿȻ䣬ͷ৶䡣
ʲôһӿѰٶȣпʮ֮ǣ
īһء
ͷ׶̹ɵĽȸУī˵Щƽ
ī룬ʲôˣ
ٻһ̼شʡ
ī³һǿмһЦ˰֣λ赣ǣҲûʲô顣ֻбһһλðˡ
ֵҵǣһн·Сȵı仯⣬һпڶʮ֮󣬲ܹǵλá
īһЦܵذڳһ˵ȡ
ʲôʮܹ֮ôһŽʱҪ˲١
ʮȻ࣬Ž˵Ѿܿɹˣ
ԸһĻ·ߣҪôҵǡ
һһɫԻ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲȭͷΪ׸еҡ
ϾĿǰҪһ֮ڣϳ̨Ǿ޿ܵ顣ʮڵϳ̨һϣġ
жʮô
Сزȭ̧߬ͷһأֽŲͣŽ壬ɫӡ
ٻӣһ
أī΢΢˫ɫᶨǷģһ㾡ȫһҲһµʱ䣡
ԣڳһˣɵΪ֮һƬ̺һ־ϲ
īôҲ龳֣ǽԼΪնӣô׵ϳ̨ʱ䣬ӸԣһļʣҲһ¥
īǰ
أ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһī׼ԼΪնһΪ֮һܸж֮󣬲żѵ³һʡء
ء
ڳ˶֪һī뽫ԼΪն¶һ֮УпܽɥȪҲزˣ
ī֮ôΪľǸȡʱ䣡
屡죡
ʲô빲Ļ飿
빲Ļ飬ܹԼΪȡһϣԹ޻ڣ
֮£Сز»飬ԴԼˣֿ̹ȫûдﵽҷ׵ĸ߶ȣ
ಣ
īϷֵ˲һЦһΣԻΪһī뵶һԶϯȥһʧ˵֮С
īǰ
Сزʧ֮еܸдΪ֮ݣ
ò˵Сز˵СǱʶжûлʡ
ʵϣΪһˣͲӵϵĻ顣ϾҪΪһĻ飬͵ߴΪУû˻Ը⸶Ĵۣ
ǣī롢Ϸ֡ҹһֵ֮֮飬ȴСزΪ֮̾Ϊ֮ݣһα֮ظˣ



1181 ԡս
յɳƺԶûͣʱһ̲ͣĴ˵գۡ
īȥ̨ײһ˵ȣһĵɫϾϵҲѹࡣ
īǰ
͵ұ֮ϣֽŲãƱڻһͱϵףƴҧأ΢΢鶯
Ȼ˵Դӿʼʵǣȫȫ⣬ų̂ײһ˵йκεĽ
ǣ׶īȥһġ
ˣ׻֪īΪ˰˵ѱ˵õ鱨һǧ˶飬дʮʱ䣬ܹҵ˵λã˵˻жʮʱ䣬Ż׷ɱ
һڳһ˵ȣȵ飬滺˲١
ǣīϵȴԽش
Ҫ֪׵ʵٶȣҪʮڵϵھŲ̨ףȫǳ˵Ρ
ԣīΨ㾡ȫһܵʱ䣬ײһϣϵھŲ̨ף
һīʧܣ׾пǰ
Ϊ׻һϣī벻ϧԼնĸԸһľأ
ľԵøж
ҿ뵶ǩԼһ֮ʹӵ֪˾ҪȻ˶пڹ
ѽѣ΢΢̧ͷϷ͵ұڣ
ƴˣ
Ϊ˾ϵھŲ̨ףīǰΣյľұҪһˣ
촽׵ϣһĨЦ⡣
ȣ
ֻһı״̬ףӿԪ̼仩ȼֱǳ̨ײһ˵ȣҲ¯֮Уһȫðһ𾪵ұϵס
ǿ쿴ŽȻȼԪƺ׼ƴˣ
ŽҪһô
̫ˣŽΪ˳ϵھŲ̨ףϧȼԪһʵǵٶȣ϶һΡֻϣŽԪܹ֧ھŲ̨ףǧҪ
һˣһ裬һضȫԡס
֣
֣
ͬʱ֡ҹϷһˣҲϢһϣһŵضұ֮ϵףΪһѺ
顭
˽ƵĿУޱȣɿʵٶȱ֮ǰҪһء
һĻСزٻУ˲ɵһЦ
ǺǣСڹؼʱ̣ǸҴƴһѪӣ
Сزһƣܿ΢ҡЩʧӾȼڵԪʵǵٶȣҲûеôɫңȼԪҲ֪ܷ֧ŵھŲ̨ף
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬ڳһ˵ȣеľš
תۼ䣬ҹʱȥˡ
ʱڣһ·ɿʵǣ֮ĸ߶ȣھŲ̨ףѾԶˡ
ʱڣȼյԪûĴƣǫ́·һ˵ȣΪ֮ҡ
̫ˣŽ岻ΪĹʮеһĴڣڵԪǺޱߣȻȼҹʱ䣬ûĴ
ȥ໹ʮʱ䣬ŽܹϵھŲ̨ˣ
ϧʥҲӵ˺嫵ԪŽº֧ȥˡ
һˣһҧأл̼
ٿأ͵ұ֮ϣȫұڵף͵ؽŲһ٣ͣʵǡͬʱȫԡףϢţĳ棬ջΪһƮɢ١
һĻǫ́·һ˵ȣȫһһɫ䣬ҡҷ
ãŽԪƺѾˣӣҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣƺǲˣ
ǹһ񣡡
׻˵ɸΪ֮ŽǿĶ־һԪľҲٲά裬ʵǣΨѡһ·ˣ
һˣһҡͷ̾Ϣֺһ
ԪľΨѡѡ˷ͻӳ̨ŵԣһˣռѷ֮нжء
һǲ𾳽ͨҲҵһ塣
һ˵׹һδزһ£
⣬ڵԪѾĴˣ
һ̼
ǧ࣬û뵽ջǹһǲİ
Ϸ߬ȭͷ
ûô㣬ҵĹ۲죬ٻɵԪ
أҹһص
ৡ
ʱ֡Ϸһ˵ȣȫתĿ⣬ҹ



1182 ԡѪʵ
λ
һֵܵĿ⣬ҹɵõһЦദҲһһϦˣض˼ǵԸҲʮֵ˽⡣ִ֪Ϊһʱ³ç嶯ʹǰ
ѡȼԪĽطʵǳ̨ϵԼڵԪ֧ϵھŲ̨ףԣţֻк֡ҪȻҲɵԪ
ҹһˣһƣţǾĿԴɣ
֡Ϸˣ΢΢һһǰͷڶҹΪͬ
ȷ
׵Ը˼ǣհԶԸϷһΪһʱ³ç嶯ɳһЩ޴
£ڵԪȻѾȼ˴룬ǣ׿϶еûչֳ
ŽĻԵˣվǲһ𣿡
ٻ̧ͷޱźͱϵף΢΢̾Ϣ
ȻʱĿһĻͳˡ
𡭡
ֻһХԴ׵ϯ٣Х죬ǫ́ײһ˵ȣȫȻһһؿס
˲ĿУһɰɫľѪ͵ش׵ӿ糱ԨƺҲƵϯգƺҪ̨û
쿴Ž彫ڵľѪٻˣ
ѪһʿԪڣһѪٻĪǷ𣿡
ŨѪΪ˵еŽ壬˵Ѫ繯⾫Ѫܹǧٷ֮һضǴ֮
һˣһضͱϵף
ȣ
ֻһӴı׵Ĵ߶֮£ɫľѪ˲佫׸ûγһӴ˳ţ˸εѵһĻˡ

һıɫľѪ͵죬˹֮еףͷһڿѪԭѾľԪɱ壬ٿرñ˶Ƴ죡
һĻǫ́ײȫĿ࣬ϢΪ֮һϡ
ţҿʲôŽǸһȻϧȼվѪʵǳ̨
ӣŽһΣ϶׼עһˡȻϧȼھѪҲҪϵھŲ̨סǾѪľôŽҲһغֱಫ
ô˵ŽȼվѪҲܹ֧ԼʵǣϣܹƸۣһٳɹ
һˣһզпȫ׵ľٶˡ
ʵǳ̨컯ɾ˵һ޴սÿһ飬Ҫϳ̨һõɣң׺ɣϡ
ǣΪԵʣֻиļ֮ӣԼԸڳ̨̨һʶӣ˰Դ̵飬һδεʧѡ˷
컯ɾ˵̨ȻΪһʵƽ̨ÿһ飬ʵõɱ֮󣬶ʵǳ̨ʵͬʱܹȪԴϲڣ츳Ѫ͵ʿܹڳ̨̨һʶӣ÷Ե
Ȼ˵ʵǳ̨ǳѣÿһڳ̨̨һʶҲǳǣûһʿΪ˵ϵھŲ̨ףϧȼվѪಫ
ں̵˵κʱлʵǳֻ̨Ҫ˳㿪ɱҵһʵʵǵ㣬Ϳ޼ɵؽʵǡ
ȫûбҪΪһʵǳ̨Ļᣬʩչط
Ͼ컯ɾ˵еʱеǻʵǳ̨ΪϡƽһʵǻᣬϧȼվѪԪпԽΪȫһֵòʧΪ
ǡ
˵ʵǳ̨ĻᣬΪݳޣһΣ
һΣǲɹô׽̤컯ɾûа취ٵϳ̨Ϊ˵еĵõˣ
Ϊ˻ǫ́ϿɣײϧעһȼԪԪĴʱ򣬼̶ȼվѪಫ
ò˵ֲĿĲݵľڳһʿȫĵظе𺳣
֣
֣
֡Ϸҹһ˵ȣһʹ飬ʧ
ֵܣȻµ׾ԲԷһеûչֳ
ǣûϵǣ׽ĵƣȻȼڵľѪ
Ҫ֪ÿһʿľѪ̺Ԫһп֮ݣ
һΣǹעһ
÷֡Ϸҹһֵܣеھ٣ֿҪץĸо
ԣ֡ϷҹԸһߵԼסϧķ֡Ϸҹˣһǻֵ壬ȴֻܹ޿κεվһԣ޲ߣĬĬᡣ
һѵǷôΪһʵǳ̨ĻᣬȻϧ
СزһʧԡѪʵǵףһʱ֮䣬Ϊ֮ݡ
Сزûϵǣϡƽһʵǣ˵Ȼ󣬲ϧԼ



1183 ң
ҹʱ䣬īһ̲Ъڵȵָ֮£һƬ಻ɽϿգһһǧ˶顣
ণ
ȵһʳһԷֵָԶա
ವһûһī룬ʱһΣûΡѭȥʱͫһΪ֮һ
ڱҸ˳ˡ
īһ˫ϸ̽ԶƼǧӰ
ʱ䣬īһжϡ
ܹһǧֻУλ龳ĸ֣ʵβ룬ʥĸֶ٣ҲΪǡ
촽īĿһͶλ龳ĸ֡
ӡģһͺҰߣһϮۣǳüһֵõ֮ʿĳ֮ˡ
ͺͷԼĪ龳ľΪҵҲη塣
īܿתĿ꣬ͶͺԱߵһŮӣŮӵĵһۣīͲɵȻһߵ
ȻȻǰë
īһʧû뵽ĽҰ⣬Ȼǧδıˡ
ҡҡͷīƺΪп
뵱꣬ҵ˻ǾŹŵδ֮ǵʱһսУ򶴿߷һսҵΪնɱλ򶴿ߵĳϣնɱǲһսۣνѪϴһ壬򶴿߸һͿأȫûзҲǣҵԭԶ԰ëϾɱǣȴһ·ðëһڲб֮ܽززҷǳ⣬ֱ˲ұɱҶδ֪̽࣬һȳΪҵĽᡣ
û뵽վȻ˰ëϧҵѻˡĻëһҵ˵֣̾Ҫŵûɢ֮زز
īҡҡͷջĿ⣬ɫΪϾëó깥ʩչȻ֮ȻΪڣͬ龳֣һ̸֮ɫ䣬óȻ֮ΪУ
һΣҪܵʱ䣬һ쳣ѵ񡣡
īһɬЦ⣬Ϊ˸׾ʱ䣬īҲֻзһˡ
īʱ಻ɽϿգǧӰɿسīķӶͬʱһʶϯҪ˶ãͻᷢīټ
ȣϿԭ·أһὫ֧෴ķ򡣡
īæ´
ণ
ʳһͿһ԰ɫͫףī룬òƺԸ⽫īԶڣīߴ£һŨܵĹľУգʧ١
Ǻǣ뵱ҸˣһɱƬײ޵ʱգҲҪóҪ˶
һˣīһΣΪһֱıǹԳŸ߿ȥ
ͬʱһ龳İƣϯҡػΣɽ顣
еϮ
ʱƸһϯһ壬ƾͣ˽ŲһɱڵؽīΧ£ƶ
ţ
˴󵨣Ȼһȥ·ٱ򶴿һĶϣɱ֮
ͺߣһӣضģī롣һԺӣֱתҲ֪ڴʲô⡣
ޣһΪʲôħ֣ԭһȺH󱲣ɨˣ
ͺߵĽīԵ÷ǳмͽһ͵һĲֵ
㣬ϢΪʲôҺϤǣһʱȴ벻
欵İë΢΢üһضī롣
ëǹ˶¡ѵһǧǰҼŹŵһھǿɱʮһˣ
ī°ͣһ⣬ë񣬾ͺյ°ܽ
δ䣬ڳһ壬ȫһһֵضī롣
㡭ǾŹŵʿ
ͺĶ΢΢ɫΪϾһҧгݣٿأЦһ̲ˡ׾ûп˭˵ŹŵЩĳϣҶһ㣬ȴһ֪ǳҿðŹŵţٻɢްɣ
ͺĶϣǸ˾˵£ˮ©
һī븦һ棬ͳƤ죬⣬ʱźۼԻ
ϣ֪һ˭ˡ
أ欵İëһԹ񣬶ī룬һһٵһӦþǵꡮңս衮ī롯
δ䣬ڳһ壬ȫʧ룬εѡ
ʲôһȻңս裿Ǹ绪Ŀšңȵս裬ī롯
˵īΪʥȪȵͷͨ伣ǧ꣬û뵽񲻽¶ˣң˺ĵشĪīҪʵǳ̨
īȻǿѰĴɫ룬ȴһĲ֮ףĴɫ벻ͬȻ֮飬ԣûн뻯Ѫؾ֮ǰûʲôһ츳ѪҪһʶӣǫ́Ͽɣǲܵ飡
ô˵Źŵңնɱһ彫ʮѪǣīǵУһҪǧУĥȥ
һˣһźӣݺݵģƺҪǰԭʼĿҧī̻



1184 ״
ܵһİŭī벻ɵһΪϲ
ī˵¿̲ݻ񣬾Ǿܵһעһظʵǳ̨ףȡһЩʱ䡣
ͨ£īҪƾʵһ龳ǧ˶飬ף˵ʱˡ
Ͼڶë˵׷ɱһİ龳֣ûʲô̫һпشǳֵá
ڶëΪҪ飬ѰҰٻ룬ܻ񣬷׸峤ͨһɹǴһҪܵͣЯ
īĽԼݣ¶˳ԼΪն˲
һ棬īˡң˾Źŵ̵նɱʮңīҲǳսۣ˵һīŲѪ𣬺޲ý̻Ƥ
һ棬īΪʥȪȵͷͨҪǽܻ񣬷׸ʥȪȣҲܹ£ʥȪȵĹϵ˵з͡ڶë˵Ҳ
ī룬ǳıӵ֪һѪ𣬻򶴿ߵĶ飬ǻòͷˣ
ͺĶЦһһͳһ״УʮֳأҡػΣһķ֮ĤҲͷ­õʥȪ
ɱ
͵һȣ״ͳīɱ
ͬʱǧֻҲԻűʩչһīϯ
ɲǼ䣬īˣͱǵص񳱸Уƺ˲Ҫû
ǺǣСҲҰŪ
˭룬ī뾹Цһ͵һΣΪһڹӰƾʧ١
һ̣ͺĶϣһ״ػ˲ա
ţ
ʲôīʧˣ
ͻıʣöɫŤشŴһϯأѰīӰ
ڤɽ壡
ٿأֻһȣһɸ߷壬Я޾ааϢưħסħߣ̺޾޾ʬɽѪҪһѹһ壬еȫѹһŲ⡣ڰƵϯ£ǧƵȫεѣһɫ䣬Ǳŵ޴룬Զ
ãѩ꣡
ǧһ֮ʣ欵İëʱͺһһӣƮѩһգۼ䣬ԲǧȻѩɽѩءͬʱǧֻľҲԭľʧ룬һĴģǱ˸˻ǣΪһ߿ܡ
󣡡
ڰëĴߴ֮£ǧֻγѣæеıɿؼһ
ء
ڣɾ޷׺ݵؽǧֻһѹ֮£һʱ䣬عѣ̳ɡ
໡
ҿҪˡ
ǵȵԴ˿ûָΣնī룬ɵοһЦ
Ϊ˴ɱ䣬Ҳϧʣڤɽٻ˳ϣҪʧ
ī촽һϣ
¡¡¡¡
ڣԼĪһӵļž֮֮ߵڤɽزһڤɽ嶼Ϊ֮ҡƺʲôϹޱѹڵײҪһѳ
״ƣ
ֻһȣ顭һ״ϵӿĤߵڤɽ壬ڽĶ״ĺ£ܿͱ鲼ѷ죬ƺҪķѡ
״ÿûһ£īɫͲ԰һ֣ѪҲŨҡ
ܿ죬ڶ״ĺ֮£ڤɽĵײһӴĿ߰˰ֻͷشӿзӶһδشϢͣ
ಣ
īĿ£ֳֶ״Ķϣ欵İëԴɽ׷ӶһΣۿնī롣
Ǻǣһī룬ǶЩСʵˡܿǾͻ֪ʲôζ
ֳֶ״Ķϣ͵رһţĿһĻˡ
ȥֻԭݵĶϣȻۿӵٶȣɿ׳˶һɸߵľˣ˵Ļ£߸͹һĽ鲼ȫǿӾ
쿴ϱˣ
̫ˣڱΪ׹ˡӣīҪԿͷˣ
ǧī룬Ȼڤɽѹϰٸˣֱﲻ⣡
Ҵ߰˰ֻһѽѣΪŭضնī룬޲ýīʬΡ
ţ
һȻܹ
ī븦һΪ׹ģĶϣʱһпһ



1185 ׹
ٺ٣ҵĶ״ýң̲׹һƴУڰ˰ǰԵɺ֮£ɹе̶ܹΪ׹ޣұ֮󣬻ûͬʿܹҷͥ񡣡
ڣúøһ£ʲôŭʲô
û׹޵ĶϣϵЦеĶ״ҲúɽһӴ󣬻֮䣬
ʲôһȻڻԵɺ֮£õ׹ĴУܹΪ׹ޣ
ԭΪϲΪǣû뵽ȻһӲӡ
īһϷ˿ɬ
˵һëѾīĵˣ˭룬Ȼֳһܹó׹޵Ķϡ
ֳֶ״Ķϣһ׹ޣʱƳ죬ɱڣԳܡ
ʣΪ׹޵ļһԲöԸѰ龳֣ԽƷ
׹ʮ
ֻһӴıɸߵ׹ޣ͵ػеĶ״īҶÿһûһӰѸף磬Ӧ
顭
һʱ䣬ҡػΡī⧲֮£һУٸ߹Ǿѣȫµļ̱һ̲࣡
ۡ
īſһ̲Ѫȫ˲ͣһֱĸоӿͷ
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣīæתԪػ֧һ֣ʱػ
Ȼһ̣īһĻˡ
׹޵Ķ״ƿ籩һҲƵسīӿÿһ̺һ⾳īѣĻӦѡ
ʹ죬ǧīһ̲࣡
ǲ֪ļһоŹŵңӻһЩҲͰˣȥȻĿˣ
նɱī룬һҪϢͨ򶴿Ҳ˺úüһ
һҴˣһΪضشī룬Щֻĸо
ңǲһļһȻ׹޵ǰ˲һī룬ǧ궼ûʲô̫ĳ
ű׹޷ī룬ëüͷ΢һĲм֮ɫ
׹޷īʱ򣬴ʼգ˫ֱأһµվһԣƺ׼ּս
飡
ڣһ̲ī룬͵شӸ߿׹һͷ­أԱ֮⣬ȫ£Ҳûһ⡣
ٺ٣ī룬һͷ­ΪȥʥȪڣҵı׵磬ȡ
ܹ׹޵Ķ״£Ҳˣ
׹һͺƺӴһ
ţһž׹޵ϴīҧأ΢΢̧ͷʱһ߰ɫ׵磬׹޵˸ߣЯһƣԶѰʥߵķܹᲢ۵ġ
϶ԣ׹޵ı׵磬֮еϵ׷߰˷ơȻˣϵ׷Ҫʤһ
īΪһ壬ǿ˭룬ڽĶ״ĺ֮£Ǻ޷ֱ֮ӱһ̲࣬īԪһϢǽī뱻׹޵ı׵УôīƱؽһغɢҲûаҴĻᡣ
УһкܶûɣкܶԸûдɣ׹޵Ķ״£ҽĿ
һˣīʱҧһ߶ŲԶڤɽ壬׼ಫ
գҾҲ˳ҵأ
ī񣬸ü
ɱ

Ҵһ壬һ˷ܵػȭͷԵΪܡƺѾȲҪī뱻ĳ档
ǧһ֮ʣī΢΢ƣ¶һĨζЦ⡣
ī룬㽫Ϊ׹µһʯܹ׹޵ң
ܿ죬׹ųضĽŲīͷ­ǰһ߰ɫ׵磬׹޵Ĳٿ£ϵѹ񱩵ײ֮£Ҳͣطž
Ǻǣƾ㣬ҲͼնɱδЩ룡
īͷ­΢΢һΣһѪ¶ţīͷ­͵һͻΪһīڿնʧ˵֮С
ãīʧˣ
ģѵ֮ǰڤݷ
ǧˣ
Ҵһһ̼ؾ
ٺ٣ī룡
˭룬׹ȴһĵݣʩչضݷҵʧ٣ǣϢҵı׵磬Ҫ׼Ŀֻ꣬ҪϢܹʱգһɱ
ڣɣ
˵ţ׹޿Ĭдʣһɫ߰׵磬ϯ
һ뿪׹޵ӣ;ԳԶһīϯȥ
ã
ī뾪ʱһҧ
¡¡¡¡
¡¡
̼䣬һưܵڤɽ壬ٿȻըԪаϢϯأһС
ۡ
ģҡ
īˣ׷ˡ
Ҵ߰˰ֻһܲԶܣʱ޾񳱸ûʱѪỴֱ̄ӡ



1186 ׷
񱩵ıըһӵʱ䣬һӵʱڣ߰˰ֻһ˲һҺǡ
ÿһڤɽ壬ɾѪ꣬˸ָа죬ըҡػΣɽѣī׷ɣƺҪظȫɡ
飡
أһӰ͵شӶѵɽʯ˸߿գһžޱȡ
ī룬ҪʬΣҡ
ͬʱһ쳹أŭ̺ɱԹ졣
顭
īУһɸߵľˣ͵ˣѪȪһӿ׹޿شŴеŵһ״֮ǰͬǣʱ˿̵׹ޣˣϢеĶ״Ҳùâһ߰׵磬ϣͻȻžһʧ١
ϣ
ëһӣ׹޵ǰЩޣΪ⣬Ȼī͵Ϯɹӣǵ˵ˣҲ̶ã
˵ţһɨڶѵɽʯȫѰҴһз֣һһεԪϯֱӴʯ֮нϢٵ˳
׹һɫȻëһѵЩҲסһʱ֮ҲĻʱּеĶ״û죬ī룬Ͻҳ־ҾһսҴţ
˵ţһ׵ٻ˳
˾ǣ׹޵ı׵磬Ȼһһĵߣȫû֮ǰϵ׷
ϣı׵磬Ϊα
ëͽҴһٶʮֻ½ʯо˳һⶼˣǣ֮£ëֻýеȫ뱦С
ڰë˵û˰ֲʲô£ֻһʧֻ߰شһ峤׷ëԽ
ڤɽͻȻը޴󣬶ңīĲٿ£񳱣ӿ⧲֮£ֻý׵û׵֣ػ
û뵽ҵı׵һӱ˾ųɾţЩΪ֮𣡡
һᵽ׵磬׹޾øҧ
Ѿа˰ٶī£һΣûܽīԴն»ص򶴿֮󣬸ûа취峤ëüһأһͳһ໨ƿ໨ƿװŰƿˮһУϸëģʿ
ҾԲŹīģգʬΣͷ֮𣡡׹ѽѣһ̲ͣش߶еı׵磬Ѱīټ
ಣ
׹޵Ĵ߶£ɫı׵磬һڰһȦͣͷӬһҲķ
ţ
ëüͷһ壬Ƶؿ׹ޡ
⣬ҵı׵̫ȶҪѭīϢҵЩѡ
׹һʱҧ⣬³һѪ˱׵֮ϡ
һı׵磬ʱòһˮߣ̰Ѫ
ģī뼫ΪóݷǱ֮ززôǿɾˣ
ëһӹ̼֮ɫ
ɽҰһ໨ƿг˼Ȫˮ
һ̣˾һĻˡ
Ȫˮһϻ䣬̻ûһƥӣ˲ӿűصʯϯȥգۼ䣬ԭһɸߣ﷽Բʯѣ̼䱻ûаϢѪζҲ١
֮䣬ָһƬ֮ɫ
׳ϣǸ
׹ű׵磬ëľٶЩ
ûжϴڤɽӦþīıľڣڤɽ̺ϢīıԴϢҲ߰˷ơɽҰƣı׵磬ҪҵīûɵѶϵȻǳ󡣡
ëһݡ
׹ɫһϲͺһһף׵
ಣ
ӣ׵ƺܿ˷ӦԳȥ
׷
׷
ë׹ޣͬһʱ׷ȥ
ͬʱĵͿУһƵƴƮɢһɱ̹ǵаĶ˹ճһ׶ӣϸȻīģëȻ
ٺ٣һնɱ߰˰ֻͬʱֳֽ״׹޸ˣҲûи˶ˣ
Ϣ΢սΨȫӶݣʱˡ
ϣŽܹϳ̨һ׹ëܷһ
ī˼ɡ



1187 ȼԪ
ಣಣ
īһ߶ӣһ߲ʱͷųһЩڤ׹޵ı׵硣
׵Ϊشֻʣһ䲻ȶҪһ̲ͣī룬ȻѡÿÿīʹһЩ׵ͻᶪʧĿ꣬ðë׹޵׷ɱЧʵ¡
֮£ëֻòϵش໨ƿгһεȪˮûɵĴ󽭴ӣϴƵ
ȻЧǳãÿһζҪ鲻ٵʱ䣬÷ɿ̵ľ룬ٶ
׹ֱС
ģҪ׷ңҲסīһЦһһȪٻһӴܣһȪ̺֮ľָơ
ܿ죬ҹʱ䣬Ҵš
ī֮£ë׹ޣڵʵǵλãҲԽԽԶīΪ˷ܡҪȷӵгʱϳ̨ī뻹ҪŬС
ϣ
أë׹ޣīʩչڤݷƾǵҪܻʮѡҪ֧Ԯ
ԣ׹ҡͷУǴսʧأûнīܻ֮ǰԲκ֪ĻҵΪջӰ
ë΢΢ͷԴײ
Х׹ëأһ̲ͣ׷ī롣Ϊ׵ʱʧЧ׹ëЧʣǳ¡
ܿ죬ī֮£׹ëһ׸ߵĻɽײֻһ¡¡ıϵһɹɵҽӻɽӿ죬ֱַǧߵٲ̼Х£ֲƣη֮绢
ţһɽ
أëüͷһƺ⣬뵽һƻ׹һҺȵɽײʵʩһҪīͶ
˵ţһͳһֻľżдʡ
ã
׹Щͷ޲̽īʬΣһ˵ëƣʱӦ콫ƻңֻҪܹģһԥ
ëһͽƻȥ׹ޣ׹Ļŭţ˫Ź⡣
ͬʱëдʣܿ죬еľżҡҡλεվһУûһοܡ
˾ǣοܣģΣǴŴ磬ëһޣڣϢһģһ
ҵһѪܣԻī룬ڣұҪһִɽڣ
ëҧ촽һΣΪһ׹⣬Զ˵ص֮Уƾʧ
ٺ٣īĩպܿҪˣ
׹һ֣Ц

̨ײһˣϷ֡ҹˣȫĵؿͱϵףһ˫ֺʮϵظ
ҹ֮ȫԡѪȼյףͣ
ͬʱİѪˮҲڣĻʧ١
ǿ쿴ŽͣˣƺڵľѪѾĴˣ
һˣʱ
̼䣬ȫһһΪһѺ
ӣŽ϶Ҫѡˡò˵ŽѾһոµļ¼һԪʿһ͵ϵھŲ̨ףҪǴȥҪһƬȳ
ŽҲһˣΪһٵϵھŲ̨ףȼԪ̶ȼվѪֱಫϧ첻Ը
ˣŽѾߵɽˮľͷ
һˣһ̾Ϊ׵еʹļס
֣
֣
֡ϷҹһˣɫŤ촽ֱ£һ޲ܹΪ׷ֵ
Ҫѡô
Сز΢ҡ΢΢³һһʱ֮൱ӡ
ƺһЩʧҲһЩź
ΪûܳɹϵھŲ̨ףӶԽԼеһ˿˿ȸԾ
ܵ˵Сزȫ˲һѹ
ѵŽ컯ɾԵô
ٻһпһس½ǡ
ˣΪѾɽˮѡĵڣĿһĻ龰Ȼ˵
ȣ
ֻһŭХͱϵףɱ֮УȻٶð˳⣬һȵĻϯ죬ǫ́ײһ˵ȣо׹¯ȫѵ
ţҿʲôŽ壬Ȼٶȷˣ
⾿ôһ£Ž岻Ѿߵɽˮĵزôѵеûչֳ
ܣŽ廹еûչ¶ôڴ֮ǰûйעһȼԪȼվѪಫ
һˣһĿ࣬Լ˫



1188 Ůĺ
һˣΪ׵ֵܣϷ֡ҹһˣҲĿ࣬һضȫԡʵǵףһ־ϲ
֣һ۲۵ÿһɽˮʱ򣬶ܹǴ漣
ԭΪ֮ǰеŬҪ֮һˡû뵽־Ȼٶȳǵţһܹ˳ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
̫ˣΪʮĹеһŽ壬Ϊҫ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ׷п֮ʡ
ţ
һȻеûչֳ
Сزһľһ˫ˮ鴿Уǲ˼顣׵Ҳøоʮأ˿͸׼
ŽһȻȻ
˵ķӦͬǣٻڿ׵ȫԡһ˲䣬ʱһΣЩڵء
ţôˣ
СزȻһæǰŰٻ룬һ꺮ůٻȴǷǳ졣
Ҫ֪ٻǼ˴˵̩ɽǰҲܹ治ɫȴһʧģʵСز񼡣
Ž壬ȻʼȼԼ
ٻĿ⽩ͣһһ٣ѵץСز֣Ҳ鲻Խزš
δ䣬ȫһȻһˣһһԼĶ䡣
ţʲôŽȻʼȼԼԪˣһӣһ۲۵ķӣ
ŽΪ˵ϵھŲ̨ףǽ߾ȫΪ˲ϧľԪȼվѪڣϧԼò˵һѾħˣȫܹó˵˼άʽʵ⡣
һϻ˵ĺãħɻȼҲһ˿ϣҲŽܹһ֮ңϵھŲ̨ף
һˣһɴͫף۷׷ס
֣ȻȼԪ
Ը𱬵ϷֱУǸϿ콫ǧؿ
һʿ˵ΪҪĶÿһʿΪ˭룬֣ȻΪ˵ϵھŲ̨ףһ˿ԵԸȼԪһĶͽ
ҹȫɵˣǵᣬֹסش۽ӿ
ǰ
ǣ˰ٻǰͨһڵأֹ֣ǧΪһʱ嶯˵ţͷĵֱ죬Ѫ
Ȼ˵ڳһֵܣʮϣֹܹסǣϷ֡ҹһ˵ľΪʮֵ£óȻ֣һû˳ֹףشʹֱӴӳ̨ϵɺ֮У½Ī
ԣֻܹϣڰٻϡ
Ȼ˵İٻ룬ֻһ飬ûͨٻʶ㣬ܹ뵽һȫ֮ߡ
⡭
ٻ΢΢һЩ
ǰǸˣ
һٻԥһҲڵء
ţϷҹˣҲ½ڵء
ڼֵ˵ܷϳ̨ǫ́ϿɣҪҪܷ˳شֵǳϦ顣
Ȼ˵ûܻǫ́Ͽɣ˵ʧһǳõĻԵҲûбҪಫϾڵ棬㹻׳۳ҡ̽
ȫûбҪΪһ컯ɾƽĵ֮׵Ԫ
ʿ˵ԪΪҪĶҲ֪ж֮ӣٽͻ֮ʣԪľӶһغΪһg
һЩۼĴڣͨ޵䣬Ԫľ֮ǰȻûҵͨɷͨİ취Ӷɢ
ףȼԪʵǳֱ̨һӣ
š
СزźۼҡҡֱۣƺҲҪȰٻ룬֪㲻뿴Žʧܣǣʵǳ̨һԪʿ˵ʵ̫ˡŽȼԪпδϳ̨֮ǰѾԪľ϶˵ˣ˵ھŲ̨ף״̬ҪɹؾһʶӣҲ̫ˡ
ٻƤһƺСز˵ˡ
֪ϣܹҵһɽھԵе£һ·˵ҿǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһ֮䣬ͿԳ컯ɾ˵ԺһὫһһ֧塣ǸʱͬԷչ׳󣬳Ϊһǿһ컯ɾеߴҪһϾɱҲûôף
СزȰ
˴壬չһ֧
ٻ񣬲ɵΪ֮һǸײ´½һ޾ʸ



1189 ı
ٻûй뷨
Ҫһһ֧תƵȥչ׳󣬳Ϊһǿ
ڰٻԭеӡУ컯ɾ˵ȻҪһΡĻŨ̶ȣ츳ѪĴУǧ𣬸һεĴڡ
԰ٻĸ߰ԸȻǲԸ컯ɾеĴӪǰ并͵ġ
ǡ
һ˵ĳ֣ðٻӡȻ˵߸ԵĸĹۡ
ֵܣڲͬĺ壬ÿһʿӵż侪޵츳Ѫ컯ɾĺĵشҲǷǳڵĴڡ
˵ʲô
˵вȱǿȱţ
׵ĳ֣ðٻ̾ǰˣǰɳ̲ϡ
׵츳˵ٻĴ̾磬ʰ·硣
ȻֵܹһĿţôһ壬зϢһίȫĲԡ
ڣĳ̶ֳ˵һ己Ϣ컯ɾ˵Ҫס
Ͼ컯ɾУΪٻӵɫʯԵʣȻΪ˸ҪϾɱĴڡȥԵУν粽С
˶ӵ£ٻҪһ壬ɱΧѸѶϵǳ֮ߡ
ڲԱһΪһµ壬ȫ㹻Ļռأչ׳󡣱Ͼڲһ岢ûʲôǳǿĵж
ڣŽΪɽһȫԵõǿ֧֡
Ȼ˵ڽ𽣶죬𽣶ֻһϵĶţиӲֵһᡣǣ׹㽻ѣ£ڽػɽϷڻĹҵķ֡ҹ񣬶Ϊ׵ұۣڣΪ츳ڵ֮ӣ𣬽׷Ϊ䣬쵼ֺڡеӰжôĿֲ
ɽһȫԷĵؽһ֧룬ǲ己ϢһǿҪ˶£ܹչһŲ塣
ʱȫչ֧ǽ֧컯ɾһ֣Ƿǳѡ
ڻǫ́Ͽɵʱ򣬲û뵽ҪһҪǸʱһ֧ôߴϾɱ֮ҲԪˣһӶԶɽ𡣡
ٻһпȻСز飬ðٻΪĶ
ȻˣΪٻ˵һ巢չ컯ɾڰ˴ȻΪ˰ٻһĽᡣԣٻΣ׷컯ɾ
Ͼɫʯ֣һžԵľպʵǳ̨ҲܻøԵڣϳ̨õɣЩǿջӰ
ǰǶںڸԵУҲŻȨֻҪԸֹ֣ƵرһҸظ֤պһֻҪԸ己ϢǸȫ
ڻĹҵļ񣬽ظĵֱ졣
Լǣǰ˼
ǰ˼
Ϸ֡ҹˣҲޱȿؿٻ롣
ԣٻ벻ɵǰһ˵ͷáȻˣҲ͹ˡǣڴ֮ǰҪСزҸ档˵ţתͷü΢СزСزպеķ֧չжô׳󣬶Ҫ׷컯ɾءϾ컯ɾӵг̨԰ɷͨõɡһ壬δܹ𻯳ɣΪ˵еˣ
Ȼϣܹһ巢չɵڰ˴ѹߴǣҸϣܹõɣΪԪ޽߸ϵˣ
ٻ뿴Сز񣬳顣
СزһΪȻص˵ͷ
ǰԲӡ
ʱԸϷԴ˰ٻĻ渵֪˳컯ɾһ̨֮⣬ҲؾֻҪܹҵЩؾõԵһɷͨõɣ
ԼǣڲѾһιؾѪ
͡
δ䣬СزһˣȫΪ֮һ
Ȼδ壬һˣҲš֪Ųٷ绪ۣΪ޷ɷͨӶ³֮С
ϷȻУһԵõɣ
һˣȫƲ죬һĲš
˵Ĳûд
һ˶ϷĻ֮Աǵʱ򣬰ٻ΢΢һЦһתǣҪ֪˶Դ̬ȣƫġҪȻôۣҲ½ȥһʣ



1190 ׯ
ԣϷҹһˣɵΪ֮һ
ٻ˵û
˶Դ컯ɾ飬ŽȻ̬ͬȵġ
֮Ҫɷͨ컯ɾϧķشɽ°һЩӵž츳飬ŵ컯ɾ֮УĿķǳԶ׼Ҫǧѡһܹ̳²˶
϶ԣ飬ɽ˵ԵǳȻڣ˳̳˹˵²պǱҲʮޣһɽ磬ɾͲܸߡ
෴һЩԵɽδͲˡһ˳̳˹˵²ǽ绢
Ȼ˵ҲؾǣҪҵЩؾס
ҪȻЩ绪ۣҲԪľΪһg
˸컯ɾ飬һׯ壬СЩСҪ£޾ѪҪõɣȻ컯ɾеĻһЩǣеۣǽ컯ɾʵǳ̨˳ɹ˳̨ۣ֮˹˵ĴУ˵ҪҵĹؾףҪĻԵˣ
⣬֮ûһ̨ΪзǳƫǱʶУϣ컯ɾеɽһ˶ԽڶΪԼ²ˣ
ٻɵ˵
Ϸҹһˣöͷ৶䣬һɫ԰ֽ
ȻвʣǣٻԴȷ䣬оݣϷһ˸Ҳ㷴Ļ
ţһ̻壬򲻵ѣԲ컯ɾе˿
СزָһѪġ
ٻص˵ͷСزһ飬Ҫ㡣һ٣СزеĿ⣬˵Ȼɹڳ̨һʶӣǣԲɵģ뿪컯ɾڶ⡣Ͼһʶӣ˸ȡˣôʧȥ˻ص컯ɾʸ񣬵ʱ򣬾Ҫص컯ɾѾ̫ʵˡ
Сزһ
ȷ
컯ɾǸյĴ磬Ψеǫ̃Ͽɵ֮ӣܹһ֮컯ɾ
ǣǫ́Ͽɵ޵ģʱпܱ˸ȡ
СزȻ˳ؼһʶӣ˳̨Ͽɡ
ǣߴʥ϶ҲҪî˾Сزߴ֮֮ӸȡϾǫ́ϿɵȫƿߴУżмճţҲڻǫ́Ͽ֮Ѹټߴеһ֮УһԱҲѰķչ
ǣСزΪһһμ̳ˣѰҪԵУ£ǲߴаġԣߴһ뷽跨ȡСزʶӡ
СزóȻ壬Լʶȴ˸ȡ˵ĻôСزҲز컯ɾˡ
һ˵һԵĴ
ţҶˣҪѾģ򲻵ѣҲ뿪컯ɾ
Сز΢㡣
Сز츳ΪֻҪ̤龳磬ôҪȫöࡣǸʱֻҪ˳ϾʮŲ̨ףͿڵھʮŲ̨֮һʶӡţ츳ΪھʮŸ֮У϶е׵ţһҪȡ㣬Ҳס
ٻ΢΢һЦ
ͨ˵˸ȡʶӣ޵ʶУһ츳ΪµһԱ
ҪȡһʶӣܹȡһʶӣһУɳ̨ġ
СزڵھŲ̨һʶӣھŲ̨УоŸ൱ңСزҲű˸ȡΣաСز龳֮츳Ѫһףǣڶʱһӿ˴龳ĿţĻСزİȫϵҪߵĶࡣ
СزһĽܵģ
顭
Хڰ˲̨Ϸͱ֮ϣһӰɿţڵĿϵشӿ׹ɺײһ𣬷һı
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬һͶͱԡʵǵס
ǰ
ǰ
Ϸ֡ҹһɫŤٶ࿴һۡ
СزҲһĻ̼֮ɫٻ񣬳еĿ
Сزû뵽ô̵ʱڣŽ̬ȣȻ֮ĸĹۣҷǳο˵񣬰ٻ뵭ĮһЦƺСزıַǳ⣬ǷҪֹŽ壬һ˵˲㣬ҪŽͬ⣡



1191 ¹
䣬ϷҹһˣɵȻһһ¶һĨɬЦ⡣
ֵܶԸ˽⣬ƴҲԲԷ
ҪȻϷ֡ҹһֵܣֹˡҲ÷ϣڵأٰٻ롣
˭룬ٻȻҪ׵ͬ⣡
Ը𱬵Ϸֱһٻĳ嶯
һ̣˾һĻͳ˵ǰ
ȣ
һͺȣһ״̬µİٻ룬΢΢һΣûһ֮УţǰģһֻСɽһӴ룬ǧֻצȫֻܲһۣ˸оּаĸо
ţ
峤Ҫʲô
˵ҪŽͬô
һˣһĿضŰٻ롣
Ϸ֡ҹһˣԭڰٻʮֲһóԭε룬һɫһŵ˵
Ȼ˵ٻѾԪľһغˡǣΪһ龳֣ȻŷɥĿֲϷһ˸еεѡ
ǰٻһ飬ҲǷ֮
ಣ
һզпʱ̣ĿУ͵һ˿˲仮Ƴգͱϵϯȥ
̣һգ۵Ĺԡʵǵף⧲֮£ʱһֱ۴ϸ˿סʱȫһɫٿȻǧ
쿴ǰɹס֣ӣֻҪִӳ̨ʹ󹦸ˣ
ϣܹǣΪֵܣĲϣΪһ翵Ļᣬ
֣ԭǰգ
֡Ϸҹˣһɫӵؿͱϵס
ǰǸʲô
ֶ룬ԡʵǵףæתͷ̨·һֻӴ룬ͺȳ
Ž壬Ịֻ̄Ҫһ顣
ӴĿУԴһֵܣϣܹѡֹԪʵǳ̨Ȳѵ£Ҳͬǵľ
ԣҪǣգûܳɹǫ́ϿɣҲȡһСزȰ棬Ļ˼·һһ֧з׳󡣡
ٻĳ
ְ֣ͣɣֵã
֣еǻǧ磬ûбҪΪ˵ϳ̨Լ
֣ڲҲܹҵؾõɣΪһϵھŲ̨׵Ļᣬʵ̫ðˣϾϵھŲ̨ףδҲδܹϳ̨ۣ֮ù˵²УΪ˵еˣ
Ϸ֡ҹһؿףɫϾ
λ
ûϵΪԼʵǳֵ̨˵ΪѣֺֺЦҵԸ˽⣬ײǽĲգԷûаܡԣϣܹĬĬΪ˵һЩɥĻ
̬ȼ˿ûбֵܴ򶯵˼
ǰˣֱӽӳ̨קգ
Ը𱬵Ϸ͵߬ȭͷ÷Ѿͼ˵ףתͷеϣȫڰٻϡ
ǰְɣ
춯֣
붫ҹˣҲߴ١
˭룬Ӵȴ˿һˮ״С飬Կ߿еףŽ壬ʵǳ̨һλᣬ˵ΪһˣóֹǣҲͬϣΪʵǳ̨ԣϣܹʵظң㾿жٰգȼԪ֮ǰϵھŲ̨ף
ৡ
ʱ̨ײһ˵ȣȫһգգؿԡʵǵס
׼˼سӦоųɵİգܹ˳ϵھŲ̨ף
δ䣬һˣɵΪ֮Ȼ
Сزȴüͷƺ׵Ļš
СزϷ֡ҹһˣҲԴҡúƲ˹һˣû˵ʵ
֣㲻ҪپǿˣҪټ𣬶Լ룬ûпǹ𽣶𣿡
˻ơ
ֵ֣ˣֻҪӳֵ̨ǸǸˣ
ҹͨһڵأƱǹһ
飡飡飡
ţ֡ϷҲ½ڵء

ͻһĻһˣһΪһ˵ֵ򶯡
Ϊ׷ľٶȻԸⶪϣֵܹ򵹣
ʲôֵ壡
̼䣬˵Ŀ⣬ٶȾ۽׵ϡ



1192 ˼
ײЦá
ûϵƣſֲѹĳ̨ԼӵɺͱڣûнԼסԼֵܣŵ޴롣
ֵܼĿ⣬ѵ촽ûֱӱԼĹ۵㣬ǻһתѯʵλֵܣÿһ˶ϰ˰ɣ
ڵصϷ֡ˣȫһЩɶͷԡ
֣Ҫ˵ʲô
ҹüͷ壬һؿףش׵ʡ
ɫһЦչΪŵͬʿǳ͵Ĵڡǣûʱ䣬һ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһ
һСزҲ
ܹҲ˼ʮʱ䣬Ѿزͬʿ˵ҵ츳žţңһҪ˵ǣͬʿҪԪԻӻ
һ
˻
䣬һˣһĿ࣬ԼĶ䡣
ףȻ˼ʮĹѾʥľˣ
ʲô츳Ѫ
ֱ˵
һˣͬ츳׿СزҲ㽫һӸɳ
һδҲ̫ˡ
Сز΢ҡһš
ţ
ٻ΢΢һʱ˫Ź⣬һϲ֮ɫ
˵Ļ޵
һεؿϷҹˣΪѸݣ󼰣ͬʿȷҪϰԪ˵ȼһԪʲô
ѵǽֵĴ̫ˣ
ϷʱЩ޴ͷ
ô˵ǲûкİ컵¡ҹ΢΢³һֵĻˣپųɵİգϵھŲ̨ף
׾ȫıֵܵ뷨ܿ죬Ϸ֡ҹˣ໥վ¶һĨǸЦݡ
֣ȻˣҲͲǿˣϣ˳ϵھŲ̨ף
ҹһȭͷ
֡Ϸˣȫ˫ֺʮ
ˬһЦڳһ
Ž塣
ʱٻ붸ȻҲ֪˵Ļжˮ֡ǣҪǣһ߾ȫİΣ㲻Ҵӳ̨׹Ҳ׹ɺеġ
ڣҪģ𾪣
ٻͷһϵһ˿˲ɿˣǣһֱ׵²ԶȻȷӰʵǵ£ȷ׵İȫ
ȻˣٻҲܹṩκεİĻܹͬǫ́Ͽɡ
ǺǣƺˣܹܿĿһ漣ĵ
׺죬гظ
ţһ̲ͣؼʵ㲢ãԡʵǣһֻȫŻɫۼ׵Ĵɽޡ
Хɳ죬һ̨̣ײһ˵ȣȫͱϵףĬ
ʱһһţҲԽԽء
ʱ˿̣˵һಫڳˣͬಫ
Ͼ򶴿һĶ飬ܿͻҵǣʱӭǵĽһɱǣܹǰӳ̨һռѷ֮С

һ׸ߵĻɽ֮䣬һɹɿ񱩵ҽЯųҵĻˣϵشӸ߿ӿ£Ʒֱǧߵٲһصĺ¡ǧ֮⣬ܹܵȻĿֲ
ವһһӰƾճڻɽڵϿգȥȻǱΪëŮ
ǺǣҸҶԣشī룬ԲóȻɽڣϾһһµҽУ֮ݡʱ׹޵׷ɱҪˡ
˵īΪ˶ǵ׷ɱһ·֮ϿνһĶãѾƣˡڣʩչľʱ̣һīͶģ
һˣëһӻͳһ໨ƿƿеһӣˮξڰëдʵĿھУÿһˮΣ˲ûһƥӣ͵ӿ¡
˾ǣˮλûɵĽ˳һΣͱóȵҽټһ˳ȫɻȵҽ۶ɣɽӿҽһ޶˿ûʲô졣
Ƿ֫崥ĻԲеĲ
¡¡¡¡
¡¡
̼䣬ڰëĴ߶£׸ߵĻɽУҽƳױһ޾Ļ˳˷ϯԲǧĵƺҪѸû
ȥΨһխͨûҽɣĵת۾ͱһƬڵ˼



1193 
ʲôɽͻȻ󱬷ˣ
ҽ̺һɿֲƣϹ¶ףη
īûɵڤƮɢһܵӸ߿ӿµҽʱɫΪ֮䣬©ƫҹ꣬ͷ磡
ȥǵصҽҰĵȫûһһľκˣԶһӴзתƺҪ˸УճһƲ
ţ
ˣֻж߿գ㿪ҽʴˣ
īɢƴز̽Χٿһ
ī˵ھԪȻʣ޼ƾŲԪƴ֧ţѾǳܿɹˣǶ߿գԪģӿֲʱīܹ֧Ŷõʱ䣬һδ֪
һ㼸ȷϵǣīѡ˸߿գôƱػᱻ׹޸׷ϡʱī³ʮֱҡ
ҪһȫʬΪ롣
Ȼˣī˵ѱűľĶûҪŻȥǣҰҲҪܵʱ䣬һܹ׶ȡһϣ
ףǡ
أī뼸ҪҵһɲǣһխͨȻӡīϲ
һխͨûܵҽʴÿ
īһ޾֮·
һˣī˵ԷԶһխͨ
ͬʱɽϿյİëڿһԳԶխͨӶȥʱһƣΪܡ
ī룬úøһҵıסɣ
İëһΣƾʧ١ȥֻһ׹һš
ಣಣ
īһ·ӣһ̲ͣسԶխͨϯͬʱɢԿ󲻶Ƚ׹ë
׹޻һ״һ·۹ֽУһͷޣɱڡ
ڰëһ·֮ϣûʲôīЩ
ī˵׹޹Ȼʮֿ£ǣīɵȴóȻİëܹڲ䣬׹޾Ԩ
һնɱ˰˰ٶֻ׹ëԲŹҡʼգëδʩչΪУɻ󡣡
īüͷ΢΢ɤ۵λá
Хī˼׷ɵʱ̣ԶһխͨѾӡԽԽ
أīĵƽһëȻĸоͻһ
ˣ
ëóҸһɽڣ˻ɽ󱬷һСɹҲ£ë벻⣬СֻὫȦף
һˣīʱȻԺ֮һƬ
ǺǣȻˣһƾͼƣѰë׹޵׷١
īͺһӱٻһƵڤԳŲԶСϯȥͬʱһӣɿת򣬳ŻɽڵķӶȥ
һκ˵ҽϿգīͺƿ籩еһҶۣʱпΪ֮㸲
໣ī룬ھͿҪˣ־ܣ
׹޻Ŷ״ֱӱīһտȥ

ͬʱһκ˾Գīͷͷϯ¡
˾ǣī뾹Ǻɫᶨ
һ̣īĻŭŵһĻˡҽͷīϣȻ˿ûյīƤǣʵϣͲҽīĸоһȪ
ǺǣȻϣǵصĿֲҽʵϣȫǰëûĻ󣡡
īһʱҲû˼ɵ֮ģһΣԳŻɽڵķӶȥ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ī˳ִ˻ɽڵλãӸ߿ؿ׹͵ͣ˽Ų
ͬʱһɫӰƾճڸ߿֮Уף
ֻһıȣƽըһ㣬խͨ룬һ͸ףһ֣ͽһīڤС
ľǣ͸Ĳ֮УǧɲĹ꣬߮ʱطһ˻
겣׸һһڤסһɲǣǧ׶Ĺ꣬;Գڤ˶ȥ
ţ
ǡëĽ겣ס
ī붨ȥɵȻһȫ鲻Խشһ
겣ףΪֲлǧֲĹ꣬Щ꣬ǴӰǧʬɽѪûа龳֣׹УҪǧ˻ǣɢ
ףīǷĵļɵ



1194 ɽ
ҿīǧһ֮ʣһʶ˰ëĹƣĻѾ׸סԼ꣬Ҳڰǧ£һغ
һµĸоӿͷ
ī룬˰׳ϵУȻΪ֮ҵҪҪ
׹ųصĲ׵ǰڲһЦ
أء
һīڰǧ׷£һʵ̶
ಣ
еİëһӣƷһƮƮطɵ겣׵ĸЦī룬ѾҵУͶ·ڽնɱ֮ǰҵһϯҪ֪㡣
˵ţͺһֹ˰ǧ׶Ĺꡣ
ǧ֮ǰʩչȻ֮ˡң乴ߵȥΪֻҪڽսУܹսʤһٻܾŹŵ˭룬һȻʯĳûܵҵȻ֮Ӱ죬ֻһƾͼƣҸ˹
˵ҵȻ֮ûʧ֡ǣԴһʧ֮ҾҲûʩչȻ֮ԳȻ֮һʧȥ
һ˱ıԵܿ죬Ҿͽеƣתɱ⣬뿪򶴿ߣնɱǧ顣
գǧ꣬ǳɹնɱ˰ǧ飬ҽǧĻΪһ壬Ƴһ겣ף
գұҪں˰ǧԩ겣ףնɱңս裬ҲøƽĴˣ
ëһһ٣ƺȫµ׷֮У临ӵɫϴ˫֮ӿֳ˲
׳ϣһܻī룬Ǵһţ峤ǵͽǣͣ⣬īʬ׸ʥȪȣҲ£ʥȪȵĹϵͬǴһ
׹ϲؿë
ΪңҶʧԳȻ֮գҶҪīǧУģһѩͷ֮ޣʲôͣʲôΣҵͷ֮ʹֵһᣡ
ЦһëĵϣٿظֳһĨЦ
׹Ϊ֮һһŹֵؿë
ɱ
ֻһͺȣڰëĴ߶£ǧ໴Ĺ꣬ҲƵһڤһȿֺһĹȡ

һϯ˾һĻȻӡ
ǧɿҧ֮£һīȻƾɢʧ١ĶаӰ
̼䣬ǧһ۹ֽС
׹ëһһԼ˫
ȻȻīˣһڤȻֻīķ
׹޵ɴһӡ
ģҵĻȻʶˣ
ëһһ欵ϣ¶һĨΪɲɫƺҪ˶ɡ
꣬ëԳȻ֮һңʧ֣°ëɥʧģӽҲûʩչȻ֮
˭룬ǧ֮󣬰ëĻһα˸ʶˣʶ˻ˣȻңս裡
ѵעң°ܽô
ȻҵĻԶҵԻ֮ŷɥڱһһϢļһʶƣ
ëһתͷ׹ޣ죡īûԶǼ׷
׹޵ʱһ߶ű׵磬ѭīµһϢɿسŻɽڵķ׷ȥ
ţ
ʲôī볯Żɽڷȥˣ
ë׹޲һЩš
֮ǰëɵɽϿգܹҽ˵ҽΪȣƺ̺һص𣬾ԲѰҽܹᲢ۵ġһͷϹ¶̺Űơ
ڰë龳ĸ˵óȻɽڣҪ߸߷𣬱һΰȫľ롣
˭룬īһϢļһȻֱɽڶȥĪѰ·
һˣë׹ȫӿ˲
ͬʱīһΣָһģǹͦһ㣬Դڻɽڣһ׹¯Ļþ
Ǻǣʣ޼ԪǽӴܣҲֲ˶ˡಫ˵һ˿ת
ϣڻɽڵڲܹҵ֮أ
żٱӶİë׹ޣīͺһһ֣ţ͵һԾ˴ĻɽУ׹һʯתʧ١
ʲô
һȻ˻ɽУ
׹ëϵ˻ɽڣҽǸεѣ̿֡



1195 ؽ
׳ϣɽ̺ҽȣƺ̲һص𣬾һñ׹ޣҲգ
īϢ٣ɽ֮УѾһغˣ
׹̾Ϣƺеǳź
ī룬նɱǰ˰ٶˣǱ˳ˣһ峤׷Ǹû
ԣҪҪʬ
ë̬ȼһԴӻͳһ«ҵģ˵һף«ӭǣһСɽСӴ«

ͺһëдʡ
ʱһɰԴ«ϯɽеҽԱЮӿ«Уϲƽӻ뺣
ٺ٣ӣīǶɽ֮УҲһ
׹޿˫Ź⡣

һתۣһӵʱȥˣ«ѾһӵҽȻɽзӿͣĻ𺣣ȴûмٶ٣˿ûбɵơ
ô£ɽеҽƺȡ֮֮ߣ
׹͵һۡ
顭
ʱëĵһĻˡ
ûһСɽС«ͻȻҵԭε«׹¯еյͨ졣
ţڰëһУһը˿
ۡ
ëһΣ̱ڵء
׳ϣ
׹޻æ֣ë֮Уò˵׹ξ޴󣬷һСɽһֻ־ܹëץ֮С
ҽȻ˳ңҵʥ«Ϊ֮ˣ
Ҳãī׹˻֮У϶Ѿճ˽̿һغˣ
ë
ء
˭룬ʱһʯԴӻɽϯ׹ëɵΪ֮һ
ǡī
һѵû
׹ëɵһ
ͬһʱ̣׹ҽ֮еī룬ѱյƤ⽹ڣһߡػĻ֣׹ɽڵһ˲䣬Ӧѡ
Ҳ֪˶ãī봩޾Ļ𺣣͵׹һ֮ϡ
ʲôط
ī̧֧ͷоȫ¶ˣʣһԪƺѾ޸ȫµơ
ԭΪһο϶һغˣ˭룬Ȼ׹һصĵط
̧ͷīԿһֱ۴ϸĽͷɺѪˮӽ֮дҵϢ
ǽ
ī벻ɵȻһһľѵ׹һ޵֮У
һˣīĳȣ˼׷ɣƺѾЩ޴ˡ
תһ룬īͲһЦ޾֮·ɽڣһ֣ӴޣƺڱչǱУĻҲȫӦϢȻڱչ֮УôÿϢʣ޼Ԫңõ
īһЦһӱٻһȪʼƴ
ಣ
˭룬Ȫһ֣ϯ˿ûīգһʱ˶һƴؼȡڵһյʱ䣬ͽһȪϡ
ţһߣīƶƺҪȪ
ʲôҵȪȻһת۾ͱĴˣ
ī뵹һһĿɬЦ⣬ҲԸóһȪ
ЦȪ󣬾ī龳֣ҲԸ˷ѡ
īⲻ׼ͳȪʱһ͵ضѳΣһ͵ҧī뽹ڵļ֮ϡ
īļѱһƬ̿Ȼû˴ҪȻһᱻҧֱС
һ̣ī־ϲ鷢ˡ
һɹ̺ŰԪľѪӿī֮Уƾú꣬īʱ飬ҲƵ
īһϢҪ̲û뵽ͷīĻŭš˫֧ϥʼһ̲ͣ
ԼĪһʱʱ䣬īһոµ
ǻһûһغ
ī³һٿأ֮ϵֹͣ뾫Ѫͬʱ԰ټƵĽһһγī໴ĳ
ţ
Ҫһˣ
īһʱһЦãٸһȪǣΪҲҪվѪ
˵ţһһȪ˳



1196 һ˿
ಣ
Ȫһͳʱ԰ټƵĽ˶һߣȿֺؼȡȪеŨ
һֲޣȻڶ̶̵ʱڽһȪա޵ľΪԲ֮£
ңƷʣҲƾףĻһյĹͽһȪ̺İϡǸܲˣѰʿҪ
龳ʿҲֻмëǵļһܹᲢۡ
īһˣʱ޶һ˿η
īļʶжϣӵӴޣΪ뻹ҪԼ֮ϡ
ǰʥȪȣһˣһΣȫͶ·£Žڣϣܹһ棬ҡ
һָԪ֮󣬱뿪Ϊл⣬Ը׳Ȫǰ
īһʼص޽йͨ
ͬʱһٶͳһȪ
ಣಣ
ʱ԰ټƵĽī㣬ؼȡŨ
ȥؿһɹۿӵŨϯһƵĽ
ǿƷٶȣ֮ΪţҲΪ
Ȼīȴ˰Σ޿κεһĻˡī׹Ԩ֮еʯӣȫû˻
ţô£
ȻȫûлӦڱչ֮У϶ҲһʶԷ⡣ǣΪȫûиӦ
ī뾲غһӣɵһȻ
ѵӵӴޣڳ˯֮УĻΪȫӦκεϢңҳͨҲ˻Ӧ
ī˼׷ɣ뵽һԡ
ͨ˵κ鶼óȻʿԼ֮УϾʿԣһ¯¯еѪ⣬ʮִһ׻ҷ
īһ龳ʿڻԵɺ֮£һ޵֮УΪ̼ܹ޵ɲƬ
κһʿԣǿش
ԭīڷԼһ޵ڲʱΪʧģΪ֣֣֮ȴīס
ʣīһ˯е塣
Ȼ֪ޣܹԼڳ˯ʱһϢ͸¶ġǣµī˵һٺò顣
Ȼһ˯еڣôҲͲٺķͼ޽ͨˡ
Щ֮Իʮ̰ؼȡȪֻǱʹȻ
īһƣжϡ
Ȼ˵εĳ˯֮Уǣ޵壬ûĸλȻŸԵıܡ
ǺǣȻǱʹȻôҲͲؿˡ
ٿأīһЦһԽеαȡһȪ˻С
ಣಣ
ʱ԰ǧĽһزīĦţİߵͯһصȺīǰڴīܹȪٻ
ҪҽȪٻҲԡǣҲҪһ
īʮɤӣǱҪܶĸ;Ѫ̵ʱڣظ״̬ĻҾԲٽκһȪ׳
ΪһгɵʿȫµĹ⣬ϸҲ𽥲һ˿˿ǣȻǱȽϵͣҲԽ
ʵϣгɵʿѪǣеԵɣΪʿѪ̺һ˿ǣֻҪһֶصķ׭뷨֮УܹһľһΪӵԵķ
ͨ˵ƷԽǸ߶˵ķҪʱ䣬ҪԽҪķѵľѪĵرҲԽࡣ
Ϊԣǳס
īȪ԰ټƵĽףеġ
ϾȪ̺İīҪľѪҪһΡ
˵īȫⱾ
ԣӵһ˿ǵĽûɾܾī顣
ңΪһ֣Ͷ֣ǿҵ׷
ԼȪ˵ǳԿܡ
ȻˣīôҲȫǿ
٣īõһ֮أõİë׹޵׷ɱңվѪػָ״̬
ī˵վѪָ״̬ҪȪöࡣ
ϾȪ̺īȫһţⱬ
ң֮󣬻ҪϵգܹתΪѪѪڲΪһ֡
Ҫڶʱڻָڳ롣
ǣս̺ľѪȴûǡīֻ轫ѪеʣԼһЩϵԸ޳ʣµľͿ棬֮С



1197 Ȼ֮
ī뻰䣬һ߰Ľʱܲѣ·׷ɣٲȻͬī顣
žžž
ֻһ˺ѵıжʮм۶ϣ֮ǰһһҧīļһΣָī룬ظܵһɾĴ̹ǵʹ
һ龳ʿԣʹֵһᡣ
ܿ죬뼹֮еĽԴԴϵؽѪī澭֮С
һīǣͺһ͵򣬱ŨľѪŵԲġ
֣֣ͣͣ
īȻһʱһ
ԴԴ;ѪĽ͵Ϊ֮һа㶯´ŭī룬ζɿڵȪ
ֻҪʮ;Ѫʣµģȫ
īһܿͼԼ壬ܹܵļޡ
ʮͬʱ;ѪѾīĳܼޣٶ࣬пܱ

ܿ죬Ľ׷״īļ֮׹£Ͽڵλý໥ںϣһںϳһĽ˿κε
ǵ
īһһԴӻͳβȪ
ಣಣ
һ̣԰ټƵĽٶȽīزƹһ
ʱһţÿһÿһ룬īеԵá
īǰذë׹ޣǱűľģ˭룬ڻԵɺ֮£ǵңЧʱ䣬īϲ⡣
ͬʱɽڵϿա
Сɽһ׳˶׹ޣ֮һĵٻӰһֱضŻɽڲӿҽ
׳ϣѾڴ˾СʱˣӻɽҽʱڲֹͣԣҪɽڲһ̽ϣã㿴Ҫг룿
׹޵ͷ֮еٻӰ
ëҧֱ죬һȻĵۣЯһĨɱ͵رŽ
Ȼ˵īһξʮǣûֽʬΣҡǷǳģ
΢΢³һëҡΣĿԶգˣǻص򶴿ߣҲֻʵ档ϣ峤ǽīķϣҪ׷ǵ𡣡
˵ţڿն𣬾ԳӶȥ
׳ϣ˵ôɥĻ
׹һſڣͷӴ죬ֻҪץʱ䣬ҵһĲ֮أôǾ˺պս峤ǵ׷ǵΣͣЯǣ
ë˵ͷ졣
ĵشԱҪҵƻһ壬ڴ룬̸ף
ȣ
ٿأڰë׹޷ɿ뿪ɽڵһɲǣһı͵شӻɽڲϯԹĤ֮УȻһ
ʲô
īģ
׹޾
ǸīȻҴˣ
ëĹ˸
ಣ
ڵһʱ䣬ë׹ޣתӣԻص˻ɽڵλãһƴɢŲ̽ɽڲ
ǣðë׹εǣӿҽ̺һ𣬾Ȼܹ׾ٵ׹ë
ƾë׹β̽Դ͸ҽһ̽
⣬ҵʶȻҽˣ
׹ֱУҽǺǵ̺һ˿ңܹҵʶ̽
˵ţתͷһϣؿë
ϧëͬһƣɫɷףȻ׹һҲͽ޹
׳ϣǺã
׹޺޵еĶ״޲̽īʬΣ̻
ϡ
ڻû׹֮ǿҽҪԾ֮УһϢīһܻ񣿡
ë΢΢˫һĿĹΣͫɢеһص¶ĳ
ȻȻ֮
ëѾǧûʩչȻ֮
Ȼ˵ëֻʩչȻ֮еһСǣں޷״£׹޻ɫһԹԵص˵ͷƱëٿǵĿһ
׳һ仰ұϵɽ»𺣣Ҳ岻ݴǡ
׹޻еĶ״ҪԾɽڡ
ëһЦƺһԼʧѾõġ
׹ųصĲ׼Ծҽеһɲǡëī붼ûвǣڻɽڵıԵڶĹŨ֮УȻһ˿ڤ
һڤö˵Ȼīɽڵʱһڤ
ĿģǼӰë׹޵ж
һ׹ޱëȻǣ׼Ծҽ֮Уɽײī룬ʱʧ룬ļ٣
һ׹Ծ˻ɽôīĴʮΣ
һ
򶴿ߵHСǣᣡ
ǧһ֮ʣī뱥Ԫһȣ׹쳹ƽһףֺƴ֮дħ˻ɢɫɷס



1198 
ͻһȣͷȣñȻ֮ٿǵ׹ޣȻһȻ
һֻȻ̤ɽڵ׹ޣವһնһӵɵùԲһ˼ؿȷӿҽ
ҡҾȻЩ׹˻ɽҽ֮У
׹޲һ£͵תͷҧأһؿë׳ϣղʩչȻ֮ƻҵǣ
׹еĶ״ϵطһ֮ƺԤʾ׹޼ףë˺Ƥ
ϣֻ߶״ɽҽڲѰī䣬˭룬ȻһʱŷȣҪԾɽ֮УҲû
ë׵ʹһεεģ³һصڡ
Űëӣ֪ģԭŭ׹ޣȻһ˲ָƽƺȫûйë˼
⵹һ⡣
׹޵˵ͷһףеĶ״ವһԳŻɽ֮кҶȥ
Ȼ˵׳«ҽ»Ϊ˲ƬǣҵĶ״ýĴڣԲҵҪƣī뾿ʲôͨ쳹صܹͨӳҵħƣ
׹޵ͺһдʡ
¡¡
ʱһɽХı쳹һ׵߻ƵĶ״ЯױȵĿֲƣ͵ش޾ҽ캧ˡ
ɽƺΪ֮ҡΣʱӦѡ
ͬʱɽײī룬Ȼһһ˫ӵɵúһ
ãеϮ
īȫƤĤһë˶鲻Խز
£īոջָһЩԪս
Ǳ׹޵Ķ״УƱؽʮ
ܿ죬Ŷ״룬һɿֲѹϯ԰ǧĽΪ֮ΣƺҲܵһױȵв
ǡǡ
īŵϵǰһ̣һƵĽʯԴ˿
̼䣬īͷϿգһƬصĻɫףס˻ɽڡ
һƬĹףΣ֮Կһööϵķ׭ƴبŴĹ
Ƭס
īɴͫףһ󾪺ĪǣصޣһͷصĹޣ
ˡ
ڹ׷ɽڵһɲǣЯſֲƵĶ״͵ش͵غڻɫĹϹ֮ϡ
ײһĽ񱩵ҲƵس˷ϯɽΪ֮
׵ײī룬õɳ׿⣬ҿһס壬Ļ϶Ҫܴˡ
⣬״˳͸ҽȻع޵ĽѪ⣬ڱܷӦ׸ٻ˳ػԼǣӲس˶״ػ֮󣬺пܻᵼ³˯еĹѹ
ʱ򣬲׹ëꡣɶڲļһ϶Ҳᱻն
ң⣬ڵһʱ佫նɱ
īһľɥֱ
ˣˣˣ
¡¡
״һδ֣ܵ׹޵ķ߶£ʼһ籩ĹƣʱɽΪ֮ҡαѣϵĹǣҲ𽥲һѷ졣
ɽϿգë׹ѷ˸߿գ΢΢˫Żɽ·Ķ
ģɽĵײȻһƬεĹϹףīķû뵽һŵûչ¶ҵĶ״Ҫ˶ãҾܹƬ׸ϡãȻһӽīҳ࣡
׹Цƴƿˡ
ˡ
״һʱ䣬ڣڶ״ķ񴸻£ϵĹ׿ʼѣ¶һټĿ
ɹˣ
߿У׹Ļŭš
ëʱɢҪһ̽
Ȼһ̣ȫû󵽵һĻˡ
ˡ
һǧĿֲ޺Ӵ֮͵ع˵ĶĤ֮Уƽһͷݵĳ嶯
ͬʱ̨ΧĿռشһʱշ籩һյĿֲѹĪس˷ϯҡػΣعѣɽ飬ʧɫ
һϵƣܹ֮ƥУ
ʲôʲô
׹Ȼһּ⣬ŵøεѣɫɷס
欵İëҲһľʧ룬ϥǷ
ǲ𾳽峤ͨ󡯣ԶδҲ̫ˣ
ϣ㾿ʲôȻӵ˿ֲƣ
ëʧõȺ׹ޣȫʩչҲƵӴ
׹һãȻ֣̿Ƭ֮󣬵ʱҲһ̲ͣӴɥ֮Ȯȫī֮Ժ
һ̣ǰë׹ޣ˵컯ɾΪ֮ҡΣΪ֮𵴡
컯ɾе飬һ̣ȫ֣̿ɫ䣡
Ҫˣ



1199 ص
ڸšϵ峤ĳϣһ˲һԶɢԴ̽ȥÿһ峤ĳϵϣȫٿȻɫϢңʧ룡
ͻıʣʿϣƽһóϷĸо
컯ɾе飬֮࣬о飬һ鲻ԽڵأԼͬͷݣ̬ϣƹַ˹ƻǣΪһ߾߿ܡ
ʲôȻ𾳽Ĵܶ󼰣ĪǣǴ˵еۣ
컯ɾΪһ磬Ѱһ磬㲻ʷԶҲûгֹۼĴڣǣϢȫۣ
ѵв𾳵Ĵܣɹͻƿһٽۣ
̼䣬ĵشĸ峤ĳϣһ״۷׷ףһɲԤӿͷ
ˣĳһۼĴڣô컯ɾеƽ⣬ᱻ˲ƣһƱؽǧս֮УһͿ̿ĴɱҲݣʱԵΣбŵΣգ
˵컯ɾе飬ɽ񣬻Ǵഫδܹ˳ϳ̨Уϣϳ̨֮۵һЩ𾳸֣еľΪ֮£ù˵ĴУڳ˵Ρǣһ˳ɾ֮λһоͱ˷ˣ
Ҳ֪ǺηʥӵĻԵܹ֮УЦһٳΪ˴˵еۡ
ŵʿȫڷ׷״۵ݡ
˵ÿһŵ峤ţĸо
ߴ峤ǲ𾳽ʿͳ컯ɾΪǿʢĸڼΪ̳й²ѡ̨еʶӣ˼ļ֮⣬Ҳߴ
˵ߴѾ¢˳̨
ѰʿҪϳ̨ۣ֮ǳ롣ߴĲ𾳸֣Ҫϳ̨ۣ֮ҲҪͻ۾С
ߴ˵˭ܹͻ۾磬ܹһԾȫڽ£ưԣռͷ
ͬʱ۾֮ʵǳ̨Ҳһ˿ϣ
ܹһٵϳ̨ۣ֮ôͽΪ˵²ˣʱƱؽΪ컯ɾжһ޶ܹ֮Ტۣ
ʱ˵Ҫ侺ˣ²һ˳̨֮컯ɾƿ֮С
һ컯ɾе飬Ϊɴ˵
Ͷ֮䣬նϽӣɽһ֮䣬ܹоˣ
ڸ峤Ȼǲ𾳽ĴܣҪͻ۾磬һءͻȻһϢԶеĲ𾳸֣ߴ峤һĻ䣬
̨ԵޱԭҰ֮ϣɢڸص򶴿һ壬׷ѭԴһʧɫսսڵء
򶴿ߵ峤ͨ󣬴ʱ˿̣һ˱ǹһһɽ֮ϣӺʯһӲʣһ˫ӣ¶޾ı벻ʣԴ
ȻȻͻƵ۾磿
ͨһЩ̱ڵء
ͬʱһڳ̨·һʱշ籩ϯһˣһæңæ߶Ԫ֧ų֣ţͳһ죬Լ裬Ѹٵزóһ
ˣһˣأ֣̿ϥǷҪڵأͷݡ
һˣϲ²أվֱˣ
ٻһӶʨ̺ŰԪըףǽǲȵ˸ǳȻ
ǰʲôˣ
ƣƺȲ𾳽ĴܻҪǿѵ۳ˣ
û뵽컯ɾ֮оȻۼĸִڣǾף
֡ҹϷˣֻʧؿٻ롣
ٻɫ԰ֽؿԶգĬһ˫Ѫ˿˫ͫһ޾ĸо
ʱٻԸѹߴΪ컯ɾһˣ̶õ˵²УЦ񷣡
ϧٻԵǳе룬δüһһʵ֣ѾΪ˿ջӰ
֮£ٻֻýԼԸСزϡ˭룬Сزոջǫ́Ͽɣ͵ۼĸ֣
һ˭棿
ĳһۣôСز˵ǽһ巢չɵڰ˴ˣ컯ɾΪ۵֮鶼Ϊ۵
ðٻᣬץ
ͬʱȫʵǵھŲ̨׵ףҲֽͣţޱ𾪵תͷԴȥ岻ͬһʱ䣬ʣ޼Ԫȫת֧ųһ֣ػⱻʱշ籩ɡ
ҿ֮ǰȼԪʱ򣬱ҵԪĻһʱշ籩ϮʮΣ
컯ɾעȫе˿ֲ޺Դ
ÿһȫ޾ľη֮顣
ʱ˿̣Ϊ׵׹ޣٲȻǳúڡҪ֪ǻɽڲһͷۼޣǽʮӣҲóȻ֣
ϧǺڣҲΪʱ
ˡ
ڣעĿ֮£һ͸ǧǧ˿ͬʱ䣬ҡΣ޾ԭҰڲأʼ䣬һͷҪڲ



1200 
顭
عѣɽ飬Ĵط䣬Ϊ֮εѵʱ̣һͷɫ꣬Ťżصӵص֮¶ɽȻֻ¶˱ɽһǣѾΪ֮̾
ȥӡģһޱȹӴ꣬һĴ½ѰʿһԷͷ
ǲ𾳵ʿһȥҲܹǧٷ֮һĹǣǣˣѾ֪ж
ǣڲޣŶôӴֲ
һ½ӴǣһƬƬεĹ۶ɣÿһƬεĹ֮ϣԿżϵķ׭էһ͸һֲ׺ɣبžԶĸо
ţҿʲôӵص׿ռڲƾճһĴ½
ʲôһޱߵĹǣѵǵˣǽΪ۵Ĵڣ
صۣӦһޣδҲ̫ˣԭһΪߴеĲ𾳸֣˳ͻƣ۾硣û뵽ȻһͷδıĹޣ
Ҳ֪ǺȻںĵشĵص׿ռ֮Уûʿ֣
Ҳţһͷ޵˵ӴǾף
ڸʿԶԶһޱߵĹʱȫһؾп
ʲôһͷꣿ
ôܣӵƵޣۼĴڣΪҴδ
Ȼһͷۼ꣬컯ɾ֮У֪δҲ̫ˣ
ߴĸ߲㳤ϣһɴţۣš
ǡ
ڿӴǵһɲǣߴĲ𾳸֣ȴ־ϲ³һ
ԭǻ꣡˵еĻ꣡
̫ˣһΪһ𾳸֣ڻԵɺ֮£˳۾磬ԭǴ˵еĻ꣡
Ǳų̨Ļôǲең
˵Уܹͷ걳ų̨ÿһͷ꣬ӵۼľΪΪܵ˹˵ĽΪ˳̨ػޣܹͷ꣬ͬų̨ȴ²˵ĳ֣
ͨ˵궼ڵص׵Ԩռ֮Уûܹ֣û뵽ʱգȻ˻Ӱ
꣬Ǳų̨ػޣͷְشͻȻ֣ѲʲôԤô
ߴ峤𾳸֣һҵ۷׷
ǻꡭ
޾ԭҰ֮ϵһɽϿգԭҵͨ󣬸һޱߵĹǣʱ־ϲ㵸
ͬʱһڵĳ̨ײÿһʿĿؿԶеӴǣãѷһԡ
ԭǻꡭ
ٻһϲõˮ̫ˣԭǴ˵еĻ꣡
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ڳʿȫ鲻Խػ۵˰ٻϣȴŰٻĽ͡
ڻĴ˵ֻмΪĵһɽ֪
ܵϷ֡ҹȵĿ⣬ٻɤӣɤͳؽ˵Уڿ컯ɾʱ򣬽̨컯ɾƬġʯ
ʯ˼壬һƬĺġֻҪƿ˽ʯôͿһƬ磬Ϊ֮
ǣ̨ĴڣƱؽΪĴڣÿһ飬ͼռΪС⣬ʯǷȹ̣һĿռȶԣҪá
ԣΪȹ̨̳ǲͷ۾Ļ꣬ǫ̈̄ȻˣΪ˷ֹڹ췴ÿһͷڣһ񶾵䡣
ٻ뾶
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹһˣڳˣȫĿ࣬һпꡣ
ͱϵףҲʮ
û뵽Ϊȹ̨̳ȻǲͷۼĻ̨Ǻþ˵ֱʣ
ңΪ˷ֹ췴˸ÿһͷڣһ񶾵󣬶ܹһжò˵˼Ϊֲ֮󣬶ܹͷۼĻˣ
˵ͷ꣬Ҫȵ˵²˳֣ܹػ֮ڴ֮ǰһ뿪̨ͻ̻ҷ𣡡
ٻһһʮ
ʲô
ͷҪȵ˵²˳ָ֣ܹ֮
δ䣬ȫȻ
ǰǹǫ́ѡ֮ӣϿ¼ʮ궼δܹɹѡһ֮ӣʱ򣬻ҪԪľô죿
Ϸµѯʵ



1201 ʯ
Ȼ˵ӵ۾磬ӵżΪԪǣ۾ĴڣԪվҲоͷġ
Ϊܵ˹˵䣬ػ̨Ҫõɣǳ롣
ԣڻԪľ֮ǰȻûʿܹϳ̨ۣ֮һٻù˵²УǽǺã
ʱû˻ػ̨Ʊؽһű컯ɾĿռ䣬ҲüңĴܣعѣӴ
ǺǣǶˡ
Ϸʣٻ뵭һЦ꣬Ȼֻ۾磬ԪѰҪö࣡
ԣϷҹһˣɵΪ֮һ
ͨ˵ͬȾʿܹӵеԪ޼ΪλԪͬҪöࣿ
֮꣬ԱΪ꣬Ϊǹһе̳ԪΪǹһΪٵһ֧ۼĻ꣬ԪԼԪΪλġ֮ѡͷ̨Ȼĵ
ٻһơ
δ䣬ڳһʿȫһ
û뵽꣬ȻǹһΪٵһƷ֣Ҫ֪һǳѾΪһʶУһЩɹܻģӵԪ
һп
һԪͳ͡üԪλֱţ
Ϸҡͷԡ
һԪͨһʮһꡣ
Ϊλеظܵжôĳ޽ˡ
Ҳѹ֣Ҫͷ̨
ͷ꣬ûб¶񶾵䣬½ƾͷͿԺɨ컯ɾǹ˼ȻܹͷۼĻ꣬Ϊβɴѡһֻ̳Լ²У
ҹЩ졣
Ϊѡ֮ӣϧ컯ɾ̨Լѣɢ֮УΪģѰһӵдԵ
Ȼɽ֮УȴȽƽû̳²պǱʮޡ
ٻƲ
˷׷׵ͷ
Ȼ˵궼ڵصԨ֮УΪֺ׵ɶͷԣ
üͷ塣
Ϸһˣ컯ɾе飬Ҳһͷˮš
Ҳûʲô
ٻ뵭ɽ֮Уżûбܻ񣬳Ϊɽ֮ǰڻһЩо˵궮һֹϢܹڳ˯֮һһǧꡣÿһǧ꣬ͻѣڵʣųųķڻɽ룬϶˲йڣѰĻɽ
ԣڳһʿȫһ
˻
˭ܹ뵽һɽĵײȻһͷۼĻꣿ
Ȼ֪ĸһﴥŭ˻꣬һҸҿ϶ù϶ˣ
ٻɭһЦ΢΢˫
ˡ
أ־һ˲䣬ӹޱߵĹ֮У͵һ׳Ĺסףȫ۶ɣûʵʵǣȴһܹصĿֲȸС
ȸУѰɢȸȫͬǾʿ֮Сƺܹ˵֮һ档
̼䣬׷ɪɪɫƺʱпܱһ߸ʬ
ӴĹޣֱ񷣬һſڣƺԽҧһһ޾ϯݣ
ʲôԭǴ˵еĻ꣡
ˣӳˣҾȻˣӣƺʮˣ
׹ӴĹޣ˻ɢҲû
ˡ
һ̣ȫûɵĹޣ͵ſѪڣһһ޾ͽ׹޸˿УɲǼ䣬ͷճһѻҽ
ʼգ׹޶ûķڣһĲҺûܷͻΪһƲƬ
ۼĻǰ龳׹ޣȻ˵ôһ
ǲ࣬ʵ
Ȼǻ𡭡ꡭ
һߣһ欵ٻӰ֪ʱѾûһֻȫëһֻ߲ʧؼţһ߷ҲƵӴܡ
ûϵ׹޾Ȼ˵еĻˣ
ӣëܵ˲ڻһ֮䣡
ڵĿֲƣëз˫ֺʮϵš
ͬʱһīԴӹޱߵĹ֮ϯû״̬ī롣
ʲôǡ˵еĻꣿ۾ޣ
īڿһ˲䣬ʱϥһ̱ڵأʧȥʶĿһ
ͻһĻúĵشʿһڿһ̳׹޺Ǽһϲҳ
ǿ쿴һ׹ģļһˣ
ûпӦ򶴿һĶϣӵһ״ڼ̳һ׹Ĵ֮󣬻˱Ϊ׹޵ؼû뵽ӾȻ죬ŭ˵صԨеĻ꣡
ŵĳϣһ۷׷ס



1202 d
ޱߵԭҰ֮ϣһɽϿգͨڿ̵ؽ׹ɵѪȾ󣬲пһɫŤȻǶǸģ
ͨ͵߬ȭͷ飬Ȼŭ˴˵еĻ꣬ұɱҲͰˡڻԺУһĻӡǾʹ²ˣ
պ󣬴һٽ۾磬̨֮۵ʱ򣬻ָţҾˣ
ͨҧгݡ
಻Զڤһεѣֽŷ䡣
ûϵһĺĳϡ龳Ķڲɥ֮峤ͨȻû̫ź뱯ˣеֻǶڶϵáԹ
ƺöϵΪͨպʵǳ̨ŲӰ졣
ͬΪ򶴿һĺĳϡڤЩĺ
ˡ
ʿпʱټһޣ΢΢ŤתһĹ飬Ͷ˷Ӵܵİë
أë͵һ飬ȫɪɪƱ߶סһֽŷһ٣ҲԶֺ
ųɱë֮£ֻһ׸ٻ˳
صһף͵شëڲ
µ񣬰ëҷҴ߶ֻܹ꣬ڻ˳شллˡ
ȷ
ףȻ龳ī룬ŷǳɱǣۼĻǰȴֵһᡣ
ػȻΪëһϣˡ
䡭
Ȼ״Խëڲһ˲䣬ӻĿУһĻصһֱӽףըĲƬ
顭
̼䣬ķѣڲİë͵һѪһ̲һ̱ڵأˣϢ١
ףΪëıһٻ飬һеİëȻҲܵ˿ش
ңҡ
ëܵһĴ̹ǵʹȫ¸ͣ߿еӴֹ꣬ĵԸϧѶãһ仰˵
ÿֲÿֲĻ꣡
ī̱ڹޱߵĹ֮ϣĿŻչɵøεѣɢڣڼȵĿֻ֮£īڿնƴȫΪһڤԶնӶȥ
ī˵׹ëش֮ԼٲȻΪһĿ꣡
ˡ
ȻûīӶԶ׳Ĺޣ΢΢תͷһ˫ī롣ʱī뼹䣬ȫëƱȵβ͵è䡣
Ž壬ҲȥˣҪء
ɱӿīоɥĬдʡ
˭룬ǧһ֮ʣӹĹ֮Уظֳһ﷽ԲӴģȥؿһd֡һd֣ƺ̺һɸ壬һ֣;£顣
ƣɽ磬ǴƣҪһ
ȫۼĻ֮ϣ
һöĸһֱ֣ڻͷոʱĿ⣬ȫˡ
쿴ʲôһd֣
d֣Ȼ̺һɿֲĪǣǹڻڵ䣿
Ϊ̨ػޣӵ۾Ϊ룬˿϶ֽƣɱ䣬ƻ컯ɽƽ⣡
֮ǰնɱ򶴿һ׹ޣѾ˹˵Ľƣӣڻڵ䣬Ҫʼˣ
ĵشһЩϣڼ̵ʱڣһ൱׵жϡ
̼䣬Ŀǰȫ۽صąd֮ϡ
ಣಣ
Ŀ֮£﷽Բąd֣壬ٿȻһּΪĹ켣ת
̼䣬ϣƾճһ׳Ľɫ̺ſֲžһ졣ѣ䡣
ˡ
Ļ꣬ɷһҺУһƯ½Ĺǣҵز
̼䣬컯ɾȫ쳹Żʹ顣
ī͵תͷǧĻ꣬һʱ䲻զпΪ̨ػޣеʱشɱ䣡
ڣһ䣬񣬻괥˽նɱ׹ޣش˰ëƺҪܵǳϿĳͽˣ
īһпаζӡ



1203 赶ɱ
ڻϵ㱬һʱ䣬䣬رѣ޾ĿֲҲƵس˷ӿ
۾Ļ꣬ҲмܣһƯĹ֮ϣըںһƬǹǣ׷Ѫ
ֲһĻһȥڤ֮Уȫ£鲻Խشһ
̫ˣۼĻ꣬ƺܹɱ䡣֮ǰһնɱ׹ޣȻѾ˽ܲпĳͷ
ϣͷܹ֪꣬ѶˣҪٶʹɱ֣һҲܹһ
ڲԶİë־ϲشĻ꣬Ĭдʡ
ԭҵĵȻһϣ
ʵϣīҲͬͷ񣬳һ˿ϣ֮ɫ
ˡ
ڣ廨ǧɢ۳һö﷽Բġd֣Яһİವһ˻Ӵ֮С
꣬˅dֵгͽ֮һǧɣȫƤⷭתѪɺӣ
ۼĴڣݺ嶼жֵĻ꣬һödַ׭£Ȼڶ̶̵һʱڣĥȫûз
ֲһĻ󣬲Χ۵飬ƽһɶڹ˵ľηݡ
ˡ
͵һתͷī룬һķӣī룬һī롣
ʱīȫһһֵ̿ؿӴĹޣЩɢ
Сӣ𣿡
һīԺ֮С
ī벻һţƴͷһϣؿꡣ
ҽɱˣұһ
ӴĹޣī롣
ī뵱תͷԶ̱ڵصİë˫һ꣬Ǽɵڵ䣬ٳɱ¾ˡ֮ǰնɱһ׹ޣ˰ٰĥ¾飬Ҫ̱
ý赶ɱ˵İ취ҳնɱëһͲܵĥˣ˼磡
īһˣʱ˫ֱȭŻ깰˹֣ǰϵɽ»𺣣ǣ˵ţһӣһһԷëǰ
ɱڵī룬ԳԼ˶̱ڵصİëɵýһΣһؿī룬㡭Ҫʲô
ҵİëī벻ɵһЦ͵һڣһĭ˰ëϣҪʲôǺǣ㣬ʹ죡
ҷ˻ǰҪһٽնɱ
īĦȭƣԪӿ糱ӿ֮У۳һֲ
ţ
ɱң
ëһɫ԰ֽͷ꣬Ǵһֺ̣Ϊ˱˵ĥȻ׼赶ɱˣ
һˣëʱȫһؿī룬ī룬ǧҪŻĻŹ䣬Ҳˣնɱ׹֮˲пĥڣҶǴɱ䡣磬ǻɸΪ񲯣룬Σ
īЦˣһְ̿İëһЦëѵΪ۾Ļ꣬һһƻô
գûлǰҲȲҪж˿飬йͷ֮ޣ
ī˵ţŲһתûȰëӦһֻצȻץס˰ëԴţһɿֲӿڵһը

ëҺһһԴƱһİ׵ĽˮرŽ津Ŀġ
Ǻǣ֮ǰʮָ߰ôһ׷ɱȴΪҵ꣡
ˣҽëɱˣû㶪ˣ
ī밺أ졣

ţһһεͽëڵһǬ֮СīǬ첽ǰڵأǰѾ˳նɱ˰ëսƷ
ӴĻǰīͺһֻһС
Сӣɵò
֮ǰײҵ֮У˵ðҲû˺ҵ顣⣬ȪѾкܾû˺չ˾ˣ´ҪȡҵѪҪҴһк
һƵͳɤԴīԺ֮С
īŵһ£СҲˣǰдҪСƽϡ˵ţһԴӻͳʮȪǰеȪԸȫ׸ǰԱǸ⡣
Ǻǣû꣬һСȪ
ЦƵͳЦϵīԺлصһֵ̿īͷˢˢ䣬СӣΪɫ룬Ǳǳ޴󣬿ϧƺ֮飬ڵѪƺҲûоѣˣҪʧֽնɱܵĥҪնɱһ׹ҪֲĶࡣ
˵ˣۣôԶţ
ҡͷһЦһζؿī롣



1204 ˫ϲ
õ˻Ŀ϶𸴣ī벻ɵһֽ͵ǰȻʥȪһˣΪҵıΪī룬һ忴ǲ֮ףԣҴСͱʥȪȣµҲûлʥȪеĻѪѪ
ԣ겻΢΢һī룿ȤСӣ֮ҲԵ͸ʮƬףԴһƷϳ˵ķԷϣܹվѪ
˵ţһʱշ籩ϯӴĹ֮У͵طɳһƬƬεĹףÿһƬεĹףɢŰɫı⣬ѰĹҪöࡣ
ī벻ԭأһ㵵ضƯʮƬףһʱ֮䣬Щ޴롣
Ҹʵ̫ͻȻˣ
ۼĻıףͳ̶ȣױȣʮƬһ׷Եףôȫϵֱ
ѰĽδܹᲢۡ
ǰ£Ϊ
īֵл
СӣԵټϣܹϳ̨ۣ֮ǸʱҲָ֮
޸п̾ϢһţƯһӴ͵س˵صԨ֮Уתۼ䣬ʧ١
ޱߵԭҰ֮ϣХľۣʲôûзһ
û뵽ڻԵɺ֮£ҷǵ˳նɱ˰ëسһڶ
ңõ˻ʮƬףʮƬףҾܹһ׽ʱݺĵشҲһ˿
ī˷ܵػȭͷһʱʮƬף˱֮С
ţɢ˿˿ƣ̽еһǬС
ǬǰëǬëȻ죬ǬȻҲ֮
Ϊ򶴿һĺĳϣȻҷ񣡡
ЯȪһٵΣ
һīʹǬнһٵȪٻ˳ΪС
ǬеһЩ鵤ҩʯ衭īȴûһһ㣬һԵ˱Уպ㡣
ˣ׹޵Ķ״ڻҰ֮С
īڿն׼ϻڵʵǵ㣬ٿأһţ£ԭҰ֮Ѱ
һʱ䣬īһһĶ״֮С
׹Ȼ̳ˣǣ״ȴû𻵡
һī븦һס״ֱ۾Ϊ֮һЩڵء
״Ϊأһɽ
īһɨ˷ܵ촽״ҲΪ֮ֻҪ콵е飬̶ѪͿΪˣ
һˣī벻ЦⰻȻһον˫ϲţõ˻ʮƬףңõʮĶ״˵״֮Уһ׵۵Ĵ־ֻҪܹ˵гһգҲܹû׹ޣ
һ뵽ڻû׹֮ʵһɳ龰ī鲻Խĳȣ
Ǻǣҳ˶״񴫳СнĹػ龳ʿУѷ֡
ʱ򣬾һЩ˳̨Ͽɵ龳֣ҲδܹᲢۣ
īһ㵸
Ҫ֪󣬾ߴе龳֣Ҳӵһ
гһգīôսȻһɳ졣Ѱ龳֣俹⡣
Ž廹ʵ֮У֪Σҵþϻȥ
īһˣʱһΣΪһڤԳԶӶȥ
ಣಣ
һͳʧڲãʡ
ͬʱںĵشĸţ׷֣֯ŻֵķλϽȻĳ֣øŶʮֺ뾴ηÿһţҪܶ˽һЩڻѶϢ
񣬻ȻѾ˵صԨ֮УǣܻһЩ˿ȴ˵̽

ͬʱһڵĳ̨ײڳһ˵ȣڿ˵صԨ֮ȫһеľη̼֮ɢ
ÿֲƣѾ˵ص׿ռ֮УĻ컯ɾ飬Ҫͷݣ
ĳ֣϶ŵʿҪ˶ãͻиŵʿĵش˵һ˫н
ٻĳ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫ˰ٻ롣



1205 ؾĿ
ȵĿ⣬ٻ뾶Գŵʿӿĵشһ˵һϢϾһҪ˳˶ĿӳĵشصΧشøѡ
ԣһˣһͷüͷ塣
Ȼˣŵʿһãսңʱ򶴿ߵһ壬ҪȫעѰһ䣬½÷ǳѡ
ϾΪĳ֣ĵشʿ̫ˣˮжԵһҪлƴһȻ˶ڣڻҵĺĵشҲҪΪӪҪȫѰǵ䣬÷ǳѡ
ٻ΢΢һЦ
峤ͷͷǵĳ֣˵ȷʵһ˫н
ܵ˵ڱף
Ͼ˸ŵڻһҪĵشøˡֻҪŽػңͲʲôΣա
һˣһ࣬۷׷ס
Ψһǵģ򶴿ߵͨ󣬻ڰٰ֮£Ϣ͸¶ʱ򣬸ŵ֪ҰٻܹʵǵͨؼԲŹҡ
һſ϶ѲУ˵һĴ
ٻһϾ˲ͬԵñȽϱһЩ
δ䣬ȫΪ֮Ȼ
ˣһɫϾĵ
Ҫ֪ǧǰߴЭͼһϾɱȻδܳɹҲɹ˰ٻ
һͨ󽫰ٻϢɢô϶ںĵشһȻ󲨣Ҳ½Ѳ֮С
ʱһĴּѡ
ԸŽܹɹϵھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӣ
̾Ϣһٻ뾶̧ͷͱϵס
ͬʱ˵Ŀ⣬ҲͶ˸߿еס
ʱ˿̣ѻָʵǣֽŲãȫԡ𣬺һֻɽһһ̲ͣʵšÿһÿһ룬Ϊ֮ģΪ̼֮
ֻأҹ
ܿ죬ҹʱҴţһգ̨ײһ˵ȣһɫǺ죬˫˸˸Ź⣬һգգضͱϵס
쿴ŽھŲ̨ףֻһ֮ңˣ
һΣҪ֤һ漣ˣʷϣûһԪʥߣܹϵھŲ̨ף
ȻŽ˵ھŲ̨ףҲδܹǫ́ϿɣӶ˳µؼһʶӣϾھŲ̨ҲֻоŸÿһڵھŲ̨ʶӵʿǿţŽֻԪ磬Ҫκһʶӣף
ŽһžţȻѾһ¼ţܹ漣
һˣһ࣬۷׷ס
׵񣬾ͺƿһӿ޾ľ硣
һҪϵھŲ̨ô
СزаζӣԹԵظ̾š
СӣΪĹʮеһŽ壡
ܷɹǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӣؼÿܷɹؾĿ飡
ٻĳ
ؾĿô
˵ʲôս
ûʯ϶ܹΪ棬ǫ́Ͽɵģ
ԣϷ֡ҹһ߬ȭͷ͡
ҿŽϵھŲ̨ףѾһ漣ˣԪľѪʣ޼ȼˣһϢ£ҪɹؾĿ飬ڳ롣
ҲôΪҪ֪вٵʥ֣˳˵ھŲ̨ףǣеľûܴؾĿ顣ڣˣӹؾ󣬴ӴħߣɢΪһ߸ʬ
ˣܷ˳ɹؾĿ飬ű۵̬ȡ
ҲһЩˣȴǷǳֹۡ
峤Ѿ˵ˣؾһʿԡŽȻѾһϢǣȴûһ˿һӰ졣Žԣţ˵һԪʿܹƴȫϵھŲ̨ףѾ˾ųɾŵʥ
ûʥĸ֣Լͳ̶ȣŽҪѷɫ֣
˸оޱȵڴһ£һԪʿѾõʥʶӣȡˣǶô׵ľٶ
ŽĴڣһ컯ɾ֮еһöӣܹ֣
ܲ˳ɹؾһˣΪμӪ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ˫ֺʮš



1206 
ܿ죬˽ƵĿУһһռ乵ƾճ֣īĿռڲ͵ӿһɼֲ٣Խ׸С
⧲֮£ûüӦ͸оһת׹޾Ԩ֮С
ţ
ӣƺѾ˳˹ؾ֮ˣ
ؾյĿ飬ܷǫ́Ͽɣɰڴһ٣
һʱϥ۹۱Ǳǹģ̨һƬ
֮ǰٻĹͨУ׶ڹؾеĿ飬Ѿ˲ٵ˽⡣Ҳ֪ؾеĿ飬һ˵ӡ
ӡʿʵʵ˺ǣȴꡢɼֲ塣
ֻʯˣܹسɹǫ́Ͽɡ
Ȼ˵ףѾǰ֪˿ľݣҲ׼Ⲣζܹ˳ɹ顣
Ͼ˵־Ǵڼ޵ġ
ڷ֮УЩ˻ָߣЩ˻ºڣʹĳ̶ֳ˵Щ˵־ƷʣԼͳ̶ȣȽϵͶˡ
һָߵˣҪ֮ǳѡǰ֪֮һ̶ΣգҲԲ
ڣһվ±Եŵûʹȥˡ
˵飬һָߵ˵ǳս
񣬽ؾеףҪٵսǳܹӡ
ӡǳֲʥ̳ҲԳܡ˵ҪԵսǳϾ
Ҳ֪˶ã׸оȫһ٣һƬ޵Ŀռ֮УȥһƬ磬سʱ龰

׽رģ̨һƬʹ̩ɽǰҲܹ治ɫĲ
أɻĿռ֮УһӴӡһģʮĻþȥؿӡ֮ϵڣ֮еһd֣ʮɼ
ǣϸ̽ʱӡֱһƬģˮ¾пƻá
d֣Ȼڵķ׭һģһ
ʼգû̧ͷͷϿյĹӡǣԺ֮УȴѾֳһһ޵Ĺӡ
ӡһdֵʱײ΢΢һԸоȡ
֮ԾȣΪ֮еądڵķ׭һģһ׸е𾪵ǣödָ׵ĸоȻϵĴ
ѵΪڻԵɺ֮£ںһִ編ԵʣԣŻödӦ
һ
Ϊ챦Եʣ׻һִ編
컯ɾǹһͶɵģеķ壬ȻҲڹˡ
ĳֲ˵յһִ編ڹ˵ĴС
ͬڹ˴еһödַ׭һϵĸоȻҲʮˡ
ȻϵĸоƮ첻Ҳûеһ£ȫرģ̨һƬ
Ҳֻ£׵Բܹž޲Ϊš
ۣۡ
أӡ֮ϣһɹѪˮȾһƬѪ죬ĿġһһյĹӡͱһѪܵơ
ѪܵĹӡһ֣գѹ׵ͷϿգͬʱһ˵ĺƵֱ׹£ӡ֮£̩ɽ֮µһֻϣƽһޱСĸоԺ֮УֳֻþƺױһƬۣھκеʱп㸲
һֻþ׸оԼ޾ԨеһյĻڿ籩ϯ£ܿҪϨ
ֻþЯ޾ĸӿ׵֮Уǧͷħаڷʳ׵
һɱ壬ɥȵȸָĸƻɽһӿƺҪһ˲ռ׵飬׺ڰײ֣ѱ棬׳þ֮һغ
׽رģԺеֻþΪ˱ⱻþǣ׿ʼĬھڵԪѪҲʼһĹ켣ת
ʱһɺȻ׵ϯ޾ĸֻþ
ڣڡİ֮£ҡҡ׹̨ȹ
Ÿոտʼӡδ£ҲûػϿɡ
أԺеֻþ涸ת
Ԩеڿ籩žһϨ
֮ϵһҶۣ͵رɡ
ָĶѾ󣬷ռ׵Ժ־ĸһ˲Ҫռ׵
ǧһ֮ʣ͵ͷХ˿٣죬һͷѵĶħ



1207 Ǳ
Ž壬ΪĹʮеһĴڣѰʿֻѪ繯ơڽһĴУΪ
̺޾ĹӡУħͽ䣬׹һʢĽ֮С
ǣͬʱҲΪһ츳Ǳܣ
Ž壬˼壬ΨоŽѣܹ̺츳Ǳܣȫ
ԣ˵ӡһѣҲһԵ
ڹӡ׹ǧһ֮ʣ׵֮У͵ر޾Ŀֲ̾Ҫɣ˺Ѳ񷣬֮׷赲
𡭡
һϹ޵˷ϯڻɵĿռ֮У׷ǿٵص̹ţֺƴӻ֮ĺɣҪӻɵĿռѳȥ
ڹӡѹ֮£׾ȻһܹӡͥĿֲ
⾪׵һĻ컯ɾУһһκˣ
¡¡
ڣӡѸ£һص̩ɽ˲ҪһСףһѹѹһ̲ࡣ
Ȼ˫ѪͣʼնûлŴңҲûκҪͷͺһبŴʯӣϥ
һڹӡ׵нӴһɲǣյĹӡ̼仯Ϊޣʧ١
Ψһödַ׭׵ͷƹ鳲
ɹˣ
͵һΣǧӵĸһ˲ҷ𣬲ɵóһ񾭣Ҳɳ
ͬʱһԶƵ˷֮飬ӿͷĻŭţ㵸
ɹɹ˹ؾĿ飬ζʲô
ζܹصϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣңܹڵھŲ̨һʶӣӽһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾ
˵һ޾ıأ
ĳȵʱ̣ͷϿյһd֣ȴǽ壬þòȥͬʱһΪ΢ĸо׵ͷ֮С
ţ
öd֣Ϊθһǿҵϵĸо
ʧɢֵܣֺƴҵϰ뿪һѪ⣬Ըĸо
͵̧ͷ˫еضͷϿյądַ׭
ͻأģ׵ı챦磬Ȼҵ̺ķ壬Ƹܵһڤڤ֮еٻеҪdΪһ塣
ʲôҵı챦磬ΪͻȻˣ
ҵһַ壬ҲõĳٻҪҵƿأ
׵Ķͷ৶䣬dַ׭ҲΪ
ڻԵɺ֮£һ챦磬Ӷƿһִķ塣ⲿַ壬ڴ˵еĹˡ˵Ҳǵõ˹˵һַ򴫳С
񣬿Ϊⲿַ򴫳Уödַ׭ܵиУŻþҵͷԸȥ
ڣödַ׭Ҫҵı챦Уӵеһַ壬ΪУ
ƿصһִ編򣬱ödַ׭˿ôҵı챦磬Ҳֱʱҽ֮ݣ
һˣ׵ʱرģ̨һƬһ챦УʼȫػԼƿصһִ編򣬴粽á
¡¡¡¡
һһҹʱ䣬Ӵądַ׭ƴذƿصһڹ˴ķ壬ϧʼգûܳɹ
ڣdַ׭ֹͣת׵ͷϷ׹Ʒһת׵֮£һصɶš
ʱ׺崺磬һķ壬ӿ׵ʶ֮УΣһ̲ͣòϢ
һһظԺеķ塣
dַ׭Ȼһַ壬ӿҵԺ֮Уһַ壬յķҪöࡣ
Ժеķ壬ײʧ
Ȼ֪ڹؾ֮Уһödַ׭ûɹӡӶʵǳ̨ʿġ
ǣһödַ׭У̺ķ壬ԶԶ˶
Ҫܹⲿַ壬Ħ͸ƿصĴ編򣬽
һˣ׵ʱ̨ȫעشĦԺеķ塣
һȽ׵ĻףڷĦʱ״̬ͺǼϣ缢ƿʵؼȡ֡
ͬʱ׵ı챦Уһϴ֮ϣ޾ķ׭·׷ɣƽӻ뺣һɿ۲ģճһڅdֵľ޴
Ȼˣһö׭ڹؾеądַ׭÷ǳԶֻķһĳΡ
ǣȻһ漣
˵һĻ컯ɾе֪ˣ϶ᾪȵ°أ鱬ѡ



1208 
ʱһһţױؾѾȥҹ
̨·һ˵ȣһɫ̼ھ٣ȹϵϡ
ŽѾؾҹˣÿһÿһ룬ļ٣Ϊλûдӹؾг
ѵŽδܴؾʧˣ
û˳סؾĿ飬ҲӦӰҪ֪Ѱʿؾһʱ䣬ͻˡʱǷǳɰܣҲһ
˵Žʮа˾ڹؾɥˣҪȻΪγٳٲ
һˣһֱţʼҵòɿ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲɫҰףᵽɤ۵λá
⡭⾿ô£Ѱʿһʱ䣬ʹӹؾгˣΪҹûиӰ
ϷֱС
ΪŽ壬Լͣʥ̳δܹᲢۡţ־û˳سɹҲܹȻشӹؾг
͵߬ȭͷ
˵öԣ
ҹҧأ˫ֺʮִǵ֮ϲѾˡ˵һ漣ߡÿһѣܹΪģţһΣҲ⣡
ϴһҪ
ѽѣ˶ϵؾҲţһԶƵһҪ緢Ļɽ
Ž壬
Сز۴΢ţԹԵֹһվʲôû˵ֻ׵ʹ޸пذ̾һ
ŽСӣڸʲôΪλӹؾг
ٻüͷ壬һֲԤдͷռ飬ֹȥʱ䣬ӣһӦѾҵǵĲ֮ˡ֮ûмʱɱīĹͣ
ԣһˣһھ٣һɥؿٻ롣
ˣӳˣ
Ϊ˰Žʵǳ̨Ǵѵʱ䣬ĵشе򶴿һңиŵľǿӵûŽİæغѴӺĵشӳȥ
ˣԭͲӦŽһУಫŽ岻һغǶҲҪ֮ᣡǿɱ̾
һˣһʧ룬ҡ
סڣ
֣ûһܹ˳ӹؾгڵھŲ̨һʶӵģ
ϷǱ˲ȵβ͵èһȫë͵һѵšڵԪתɱڡ
һˣ뿴ɫǺϷҲ磬ֻ޿κεҡͷ̾ϢһĿ⿴Ϸתͷһϣؿٻ룬ڴŰٻ뵱ϵľ
š
СزС˪һһĨΪϾɫ˲両ӣǰһʼӧӳĵش񣬾ͽҰɡȫҵı磬ţֻҪʩչ츳ܣһ·֮СĽӦܹ˳ӳ죡
СزıΪ룬һ츳ؼܹԼûһӰӣӰ֮УԲҹĻ֮£ͬһ㣬Ӱȥ١
һҴߣʣ޼ˣʵáٻ죬ûһ顣
ΨһܹεģҲֻСزˡ
µû׵İҲֻг²ˡ
ٻؿھŲ̨ף룬ƺԸ
峤ˣܿ򶴿ߵһ壬ͻɱһ¶٣Ҫӳ죬͸ˣ
СزΪһһ峤أƿش֡
ɲΪһƼˮףһΪ֮ᡣ
ǰǧҪīš֣϶ûһӹؾгģ
Ϸһ֣̿һڵأгѪ
飡飡飡
ʱ֡ҹˣҲ̹ڵأ
һһ뿪īųô׾˳ؾҲɺûһϣݻ١
̼䣬ϵգʮѹ֡
λܷһ仰
ڰٻԾޱΪѵĵڣԶƣȺ룬ɵ˵СŮΪŽû
һ٣һͶıĿ⣬治ɫĲ΢΢°ͣҪ֪Žûǳ򵥣ֻҪѪɫûлžˡ
ѪɫΪŽİ壬ŽνѪУͬŽѾˣôѪɫҲһ˲ɢڣѪɫö˶˵ػţ˵ʲô˵Žû
һһ٣ҧ֡ÿһ֣һشҵشڳ˵ࡣ
˻
䣬ʱڳһ˵ȣһһéٿ
鼱֮£Ȼû뵽һ㣬ʧʧߣ
˵ŽѳΪһӵƣҲǷĵϣŽܹ˳ɹѵģ񣬼Ȼ֪ŽûҲǷǳ˵ģ
̫ˣŽǿžţǲ䣬δҲ̫źˣ
֪ŽڹؾʲôȻôöûгǵʱ䣬Ѿʣ޼ˡϣŽܹأ
һˣһ



1209 
ʱϷ֡ҹˣһ־ϲȸԾشӵ
Ҿ˵ּ࣬Բɥģ
Цͷֻڼ֮УҲûпȫҿѡ
̫ˣֻҪֻûͻһ
Ϸ߬ȭͷ
λҿٵȺһЩʱգֵ츳ѪԵˣظλҲ˽⣬Ҫ׷
ҹһ˹Ҿ
һˣʱһת˽
š
СزüչƺҲŶ룬ٻҲ࣬ҾǷǳбҪٵȺһЩʱա
Ž壬ֵѺһע
Сزһ
СزĿ⣬ٻ벻һ¶һĨȻЦ⣬ããȻСز㿪ڸŽˣѾݵϼһȻҲˣ
ԣСز΢΢һЦ
лɩӴˣ
лɩӴ飡
Ϸֵ֣л
Сزñݽҧ޲ǰȥһøһץ˵һֻϿŽ츳ʹ˷ⲢζҪЩʲô
ûƤûļһٸҺҸǵͷ
Сزһ
ϷһЦҲΪ⣬ҲûСزȤ̧ͷ˫ֺʮΪؾе
ؾУȻһ⾳֮У˵ȫע̽ոµķ壬ͬʱ׵ı챦У·׷ɵķ׭Ҳ𽥻۳һӴądַ׭
dַ׭̺ķ壬ؾеądַ׭Ҫһأ֮Ϊ֮Ҳ˿Ϊ
ڣ׵ĲϴĦ֮̽£û۶ɵądַ׭ϵɱΡ
񣬶˵Ϊʱ䣬㹻ԣʱ䡣ֻҪгԣʱ䣬׾ܹܵƅdַ׭Լƿصķ壬һ¥
֪䣬һҹʱȥˡ
̨ײһ˵ȣһüͷ壬ɫ࣬ͣⲽھ١
ֹȥһҹŽΪλȥǳҪ򶴿һ֣ʱӭǵĽ֣֮
ҿŽǱŵϣΪһֲˡȻûѾΪһˣԣûӹؾгΪˣȻŽûǣپȺȥҲֻͽ޹
Ŀǰ״ƺҲֻ²˵ͨˣ
һˣٶĻ̻̣һ˽۷׷ס
Ϸ֡ҹһ˵ɫҲøѿ
ȻޱȼܹΪģӹؾ˳أпʵȴһĶ⣬ֵңļ١
š
СزͲסˣٶ̧ͷٻ롣
ٻüͷһ֣öû˵
˵Ĵߴ£СزΣٶſڣ׼˵ٻ룬ţٵȥǵΣϵֱҪӳ죬ϣʮãϣܹȫ֣ҪһС
ৡ
ʱһˣȫһϣؿٻ롣
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲŵؿٻ롣
λֵܡµһȫ֣뿪ƾƼˮĹϵҪȰ˵ʱ䣬Ѿ̫ʵˡȻˣǲܻһЩˣ䵱ʣΨˣлᾡܵʱ䣡Ϊֶȡһϣ
ҹ侲
ãΪ֣ƴˣ
ΪֵܣΪУҲɣοһ壡
ܿ죬֡Ϸͬ˶ҹ飬һĦȭƣתԪ׼Ż
˭룬ûϷһ£Զ֮Уһ̶ĳԴڳ˵עȫ˹ȥ
ণ
ȥֻһֻͨ尵ɫĵȣɿϯΪһɫâһ
ǵȣ
쿴Ȼˣ
ʱ˷׷Χ£ǰһŵؿ򵶷ȡ
ȣīǰ״Σûнһ
ѯʣͬʱ͵͵뵶Ƚͨ
һ̣ӵȵУ֪ī
ʲô
īǰһ֧ǧ˶飬ͷ龳һǳѾõİë
пһңȻǹž޲Цݺ㡣
ûϵī˵òȻ龳ĸ֣ңһǳѾõİë
侳ʵԶī֮ϣ



1210 Ŀɳ
ɲ壬ôˣ
īǰǻ
һˣʮֹеѯ
Сزü΢Ҳһŵؿ˼
˻ȵĿ⣬һЦɵػ˻֣λȸǴһĺϢһ٣˸˸Ź񣬾īǰ˳һˣһѾ׸Ļ·ߣʱھԲѲ顣
䣬һˣʱ־ϲ
֡ҹϷˣҲϲЦտһ˷ܵŰٻСز
ī뽫һȫô
СزͷƬ̣˵ͷʱжϣīǰ϶ǽһˣĻѱ¶ˡ
ǲܸ˵̫硣Ϊ򶴿ߵ峤ͨԸǸرĿĲݵһΣԲ׷ŹǵġѲ鵽ǵĲ֮⣬Ϊĳ֣ŵľҲӵǵĴֻԽԽȣ
СزһϾ
Сز
ǰ
ʱϷǰһȻһѾīǰȫˣôǵʱҲøԣ˲١ȻˣپһЩʱգȴΣ
ֵȣɫҡ
Сز΢΢һأԼĬ
ûгҲûеͷӦֻ΢΢תͷٻ룬ȴŰٻľϡ
ٻɫأ˼׷ɣ˫һ磬Կ񣬡ɲ壬֮ǰ˵Ļ٣
͵һ飬ڰٻĿ£оԼһۿһ˽ԣ̬أȻ¶ţظĵֱ죬һǰɲ壬Ҳеλˣôſڿӣƭǣ
ģ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ֣ǧȷûа٣
һࡣ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһ󾪻ʧؿٻ롣˼֮⣬ֵҲ½뵶Ƚ֪ͨī
Ȼˣڼ˵£Ȳûнʵ֪κһһˡ
ǺãȻ˵ĶʵѪġа٣ϣ׺䶥ٻĳ
ﻰ⣬¶һĨڼĲΡ
ʱһˣҲ˽
ɲ壬Ϊ˾ܵʱ䣬¶ڻѱ飡
һҪˮˣһ壬ΪŽ壬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ŀĵطȥˡ
ŽȻ֮ţӵſž츳ǣѾٴӹؾгˡҪпʵ
һˣһɫҰף̾
ʲô壬Ѫģ
һ£ʱЩ
ʣڻѱ飬һѪģô̼ͽҷǧǧ磬ûκһʿ
һʱ䣬Щ
Ϊĥĥģѵڻѱ飿СزĿԲضż
һҧ׼һߵڣϣޣɲ壬쵱һŵǧһԾŶ֮УѾΪ˹ʶЩ컯ɾǶҵĻɣҲͰˣҲһƽϡǣΪһ仰ѪģδЩ̫ɲ棬Ķţ
˵ţֱͦڣһԲϾ׼Сز˺Ƥ֡
ңĪǽǵ˻ƿɶҪɻأ
żı֣Сزʱƶ˵ѣֵ֮䣬أԺԹԵΪֵ߲嵶ΪֵܣҲܹĸԸطϣ顣ȻΪԼӣԣ
ſڴƻƣѱ顣ĻûκɾܾѪģ
Сزģֱ弧ߡ
ɫٿȻ䣬Ϸ֡ҹһˣһһȫ߶Ԫ׼Ż
峤ɲ϶õһǳϢĻҲᴵ컨׹ӿԸ⽫ʵǡ
û״϶ǳӣѾܹˡ
ϣ峤ԴΪأҪСˣ
һˣˢˢعڵأһϣؿٻ롣
ٻɫ࣬һڵ˵ͷµ񣬿Ҳֻг²ˡ˵ţ˰֣ץʱ䣬׷Ž壡
䣬һˣһĻŭš
Сز׵ʹĬڰٻ´ʱʼնһԡ֮İ̾һ
֣
أ񱬺һȫԪڣƶħҲƵһˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ҹ֡ϷˣҲ׷׶֣Ѹףûһ˷ӦͺȦһܻʮˡ
Ҫʲô
ĹεļһȻôͷˣǰϹŵġ
峤ۣ
ܻˣһֻʧغ涡
ҺãϷҹһˣûɱ֣ĻɲǼ䣬ܹҴ˸¾߰˰ˡ
ס֣
Сزŭɱڵһˡ˭룬ֻһ̶ĳһֻȫɫĵȣ赲СزǰһԷ˫ɱŽ
ͬʱǧƵĽ׻ȳ׷س𣬽СزΧ£ֻһ£ܹСزûڳ泱֮С
ȣȻֻһֻ棬ȴӵʥ磬¸ʮӳ棬ͳ˧ȻĳȺǳɢǧֻҲһɲСսС
ңһֻȣҲ۵
СزЦһƺǳмһī˿ʱӿ³Ľ׻ȳϯȥͽֻ׻ȳ˿֮ϣԶ
ͬʱһɿ񱩵ƣѹȵóȺǰһ
Ϊ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣСزͬʥ֮Уǽ˵ĴڡͬΪʥĵȣ棬ʵ棬ռžԵơ
ণ
Сز糱Ŀֲѹȵʱһ£ֹ
𡭡
ʱֻһƽըװĺХѪɫצسСز˶צһӣһռѷ˺ѿŵСزʧɫαˡ
Ȼ˵ѪɫľΪ𵶷Ҫв磬ᱻСز
ǣѪɫİ壬õһַ򴫳Уܹ˺ѿռ䣬ɱ˵ˡ
СزȻӵʥľΪҲóȻһռѷУͻᱻɱǧƬһغ



1211 ǧһ
ס֣
ٻ뱬ȳŭ죬һŭضϷһˣǾҪʲô
Ϸ֡ҹʧһЦȳǰǲҪ˺Ƥơֻǣеϣܹٸһʱ䣡
ˣ
ҪȻҲֻг˺Ƥˣ
Ϸ֡ҹˣһס˵Ĳһɹɿ񱩵Ԫӿֻһ£ܹһغ
СӣǾȻҰٻˣУδҲ̫˵㡣
ٻЦһϷеʣƺںֻĵҲ֪ҵı꣬Žı챦硣ֻҪԸ⣬һ֮䣬Ϳ磬ŽһغϣǲҪɵ£
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹһˣʱһһֱġ
ǲΪŽ岢ûôһ˿ϣ׼ȴŽӹؾпôãȻ׼˺ƤǵôҾŽı磬Ҳһ롣
ٻϣ¶һĨļµζЦ⡣
Ҫ
Ҫ
񡢷֡ҹˣȫٱ
Ͻ˸ҷˣ
Сز
񡢷֡ҹһˣ޿κ֮£ֻɿܻˣһɫҰףҡ
峤ҪǱ𰡣
峤һﵨ죬Բˡǣ
峤Щһһ֮򶴿һ㱨ǵȥôǵĴΣˣҿ罫һϾɱ
ûһϾɱ󻼣
ܻˣػ֮֮󣬵ʱԹ죬ƻŰٻʹɱ֡
ԣСزЦһ
һ˸Ͼɱ
ڰٻ뻹ŵʱ򣬿»ܡ
񣬰ٻΪһ飬ʵޣټСزôһսҪսʤеȡѪɫػϷһˣѾǳˣϾɱˡ
˵ˣһ˵µĵ֮ץʱ䣬ȫǿպԪϷһɱһ
߰ɡ
ٻ³һϢ
ãͳīţСز˵ͷ
ס֣
ס֣
Ϸ֡ҹһˣʱ赲Сزǰ
ģŽ˳ɹ˹ؾĿ飬ôܹڵھŲ̨һʶӣҪīӪȶĿռ䡣
ǣûܶɹؾĿ飬ôӭģɺڿֲѹ£ֱӴӸ߿׹׹Ԩ֮СʱǿҪע㣬㾡ȫ
СزأһҪīš
ƴˣ
ϷԸ𱬣ʱ׼ಫ
սһ
ಡ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰԴԶѸףͬʱһ糱Ŀֲƣϯ죬˲ʿע
еϮ
ֻһȣһˣһ߶ȫ衣
Сزü΢
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһľ
˵֮Уܿ죬Ӱ˾ǣǰģȻ״̬µī룡
ǿ쿴īǰû뵽īǰȻû
īǰôˣһأ
һˣһĿࡣ
СزٻһۣüͷĬ
һˣ
īɣܿ˵ǰлһ״ž졣
īǰ
СزǰһҪȴϷͷãһҪ˺ƤˣǾͲԿˣ
ԣī벻ɵΪ֮һһؿڵʵʲô飿
ϷҪڣȴҹһѰס
ϷǸԸ𱬵ļһܽԭԭؽ
£ҹһһʮؽī
ī׽ؾʱ򣬲ɵɫһֽŷ䡣
ٻӣϣܹ˰ﵽףͷ͵죡
īŰٻ빰˹֡
ٻ΢΢̾Ϣһī룬ҲˣƱۣ
ī΢΢һЦǷģʱڲʿѰΪѾһǧ˶飬׽ˣ
δ䣬ٻСزڵһ˵ȣȫһ󾪺һī񣬳һĨš
㡭Ȼһǧ˶նɱˣ
ٻզпδҲ̫ˣǧ˶еͷˣʲô
Ŀ⣬īһЦ΢΢°ͣ˵һΣ飬ɰë׹εġ
˻
ʱȫΪ֮ȻһĿ¶֮ɫīĻ֮Աǡ
ңȺ֣ī龳֣ȻҲſڴƻƣ׹ëһպյ龳֣ʵ֮ǿҪī֮ϣο֮£ī͸ûл֮ˡ
ûǰëȻ֮ī֣
⣬īҪһΪУôӵ˫ʵԷռƣ峤ŽܹҪЮŽȻΪˣ
һˣһ۷׷ס
ţ
ĪǲҵĻ
īüͷһЩӶеĶ״ǾǲҵĻҲӦе״ɣ
˵ţ߶Ԫ״֮еʱӿֳһյĿֲ֮
ৡ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽˶״֮ϡһĿ¶⣬Ѳѡ



1212 רd
򶴿߶ϵı״֮⣬ûӵн״
ӣīǰûſڿӣƭǣ
īǰʵνë׹޸һնɱأ
һˣһ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ˫Ź⣬īеĶ״һզ̾ѡ
ī룬ûжϴ׹޸ɱİɣֻã˶״ˣ
أٻҡͷһЦͽҴīĻԡ
ԣī룬ɵɫһЩΡ
ˣҲˣǴ˵еĻ꽫׹޸ɱˣһĻغĵش飬ȫĿã
ԭһĶ飬ǲ˻ŻᱻģīȻȫԼϣûû꣡
ô˵ȻһĶѾˣôǵҲôżˡ
һˣһࡣ
ϲǰϲǰ
ǰõһ״֮սһɳ죬պͬ龳֣Ҳˣ
˵һĶϣǵõ״ܹû׹ޡպֻҪǰܹ˳̳ж״е壬ôҲһܹΪ׹ޣʵһɳ죡
֡Ϸҹһˣ׷׹ָīϲ֮䣬βסĽʺޣ
īһЦǺǣҲֻðˣǵûɱң̸֮ǰǽʮƬ͸ң

䣬ȫٶΪ֮ȻһˣһǿϹһī룬βסۡ
ʲôıףǿǼֵǧ𣬼Ϊı
۾ĴڣıףͷƷʳ׿һף
ʮƬıףǧѷĵرͷԻףѲϣ
ˣһ˫Ź⣬ˮҪ
һˣǼʶİٻ룬ҲΪ֮ݡСزЦеضī룬ߴī뽫ı׸ٻӶ۸
ī΢΢һЦǵûнʮƬ׸ٻһ״Ҳ˻С
ٻӣ˵Ҫ뿪Žˣ
īɫһ䣬̬ȼתֱ¡һӣ絶һһһɨ
ÿһɨˣ͵һ£ȫƱһ
ʱϷ֡ҹһˣһЦһɴ۾Цеؿٻ롣
ī룬ĪҪҲǹȫ֣һʱͿ²ߡ񣬼Ȼ㿭һȻûŽ壬Գĵ
ٻһε˵ϾһϵĻ飬Ӧѹ󡣡
ʱ˿̣ٻ˵ȳĻ
ЦһһҪҪīǰҲѪģΪſںߣޣʲô֮ǰ˵ĻǾȻţī뿭飬û˵˰ɣ
żͱ˵Ŀ⣬ڳˣһεصͷ
û취µһҪŽ壬룬ǲܵ顣Ͼīļ룬Ϸһ˵ʵҪһ֮ϡ
һһҪ壬СزҲһ
һĻԲǰٻҪġ
ģŽһģ
īϥٴһ壬΢΢̧ͷһϣؿ߿еĳ̨֮£̨ͱڷһĨҫ۵ĹâʮĿ
ʱһһţ̨·һ˵ȣһƣھ١һУزอÿһһ룬ͻǧ£۵ѷΡ
ͬʱؾ֮Уϥ򣬿мнšͬʱڱ챦УһöǧĻ۶ɵądַ׭ҲڹϣûΡ
ɹˣ
͵һ߬ȭͷ˷ܵ
û뵽ڻԵɺ֮£ҾȻӹؾּ̳֮һִķ壬ƿصķ壬ƾһΡڣѾܹûһöģądַ׭ˡȻؾеądַ׭ԶѾˡ
һ
أ͵һӵɵùԲ⣬Һڹؾʮҹֵѵȵˡ
Уīǰֻһν׶༪١ûܼʱϵھŲ̨ףһīǰĴǳΣ
Ҳ֪ôˣ
л̼޲̴ӹؾгȥ
ʮʱ䣬ܹıǳ顣
пܣ״ӹؾгһϷһˣȫѾҰһ¡
ʱ׾ǳɹڳ̨һʶӣҲĪ
Ҫȥ
һµądַ׭һ
顭
ʱǬתֻоһת׹Ԩ֮С
īǰ
֣֡֡֡ã
һˣǶҪúõģ
˫գֻ̼غ
Ƶ̨Ͽգӿһ֮󡣶ڳ̨ײеʿȫ۰Ͱ͵šϵĺﳯʥߡ



1213 ´
ҹīŨء
̨ײһ˵ȣһĿ˸˸ƺڰеһյյһգգضų̨Ͽա

ͻأģһ̶Ŀռ˺ƽ˺ѣӿ˵ĶĤ֮Уͬʱһռѷƾճ˵֮С
ţһͦǹӰЮ޾ı֮УԴӿռѷ֮ϯƷһƮƮ˳̨ھŲ̨֮ϡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽˷
ǿ쿴Žӹؾгˣ
ţûпɣŽڹؾķʮʱ䣬ΪѾӡŵûɢΪһ߸ʬˣû뵽ӾȻ˳ɹ˽ѣңĿǰŽƺѾ˳̨ϿɣҪڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
ĿãҸģһԪСӣܹϵھŲ̨ףѾƾˣ˭룬Ȼ˳̨ϿɣҪڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
Ҫ֪ھŲ̨еʶӣһɫʥ֣ңʥУҲǳ͵ĴڣӣȻԪ磬ܹΪ͵ʥȡ֮
һˣɴţۣǶϹһס
̫ˣҾ˵ּ࣬һܹΪģ˳ϵھŲ̨׵ģ
Ϸ־ϲһ߸ߡ
֣̫ˣΪе
ּ£ϲ
񡢶ҹˣҲһп˵˷뼤
ʲôŽ壬ȻĴӹؾгˣң˳˵ھŲ̨ף˳̨ϿɣСزһһ㵵ضͦǹӰСǵͨ죬öûл
СزΪһһε峤Ϊ룬ǿٻᲢ۵Ĵڡӵ컯ɾ֮УҲָĿš
˭룬Ȼһ걬ţ
СزЩԽܡ
ǣòϣڿ״ӹؾг˳ϵھŲ̨׵һɲǣСزѾķڷ
Ž壡Сӣûп㣡
īһ󻶺ʱ˿̣ҲԶеļ֮飬һƿɶ˷ܵ㵸
СӣǻԵѲǳ
ٻҲЦգһ
һ̣ɤ۵࣬˳ءÿһʿǻȽһȥһƬЦظ衣
缸īǰ
ҳˣǻðɣ
״ովӣһ̼ؿ̨ײ˶Ȼʱ򣬲һ󻶺ȸԾ˲ͷĺ顣
֣Ҫǿ¾ֻȥڤظбˣ
ϷЦرԹ
ȻǱԹЦݣ˿崺硣
СӣǺõúܣ赣ǣ
īһοףһ״ٻ˳ž졣
ʱ׵Ŀⱻ״סˡ
һ
ܵ״ɢĿֲƣײɵȻһīǰΪλһ
īЦҴһĳնսƷӳ̨֮һһݴҪ͸㣡
īһصĵ
һ
ûϵīȻܹһĳϸһնɱնһ
ڣظŵҪһ
ײЩڴ
ţ
īǰѵҪʮƬ͸֣
ԣϷ֡ҹһˣɵһ־ϲ˷ܵش궯˫֡
ʮƬףǿȽı
û˲Ľѣ
¡¡¡¡
̸֮ʣԲʮɵĳ̨ؾҡ޾ıϯ죬ҡػΣɽ顣֮䣬ХŰĩա
īǰֵǣŽ壬ɹ˵ھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣûʧ
վڵھŲ̨ϣȻػ˫֣ᣬѡ
Ǻǣ̫ˡеĸеϣȫ˻رŽ壬һܹеΪһʷĴ
īЦ
Ϊ׻ǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡīһ·ζԵȴԹ޻ڡ
ڣ׻ǫ́Ͽɵһ˲䣬˻ر
ֻҪڳ̨һʶӣʮһ׾㱻͵壬Ҳܹһ֮䣬컯ɾ
ī֮Ե֣
ͬʱٻҲϲԽ׵񣬾ͺĸ￴ŮĿĺáĵΪСزĿɽѡ
ڣΪ£Ҳǳʺϡ
ٺ٣ӣֿΪһӽҵҪ컯ɾе壬ʲôԽпԣ
ֵϳ̨غܿͻ䶯Ҫã컯ɾ鶼ʶ֣ʿü
붫ҹһЦ



1214 Сز
ɩӴˡ
ϷһҡεСزǰһζشк˭룬һ仰û˵꣬͸еСزбŽһưɱҪ˶ɣʱŵĿڣӦýСزá
˭ã
ϷһµģСزɰЦ
Ϸһյͷ
ֲܽɩӴˣֲܽСزãѵ׼׽ô
תһ룬Ҳ
֮ǰϷһˣΪ˸ʱ䣬ϧһ˺ƤһתƤЦ׽Щӡ
һˣϷǷļЦһСزҹֻ㣬Ϊһһ峤˭츳Ѫһ
ৡ
ʱϷҹһˣ׷תͷһЦؿСز
ûлǫ́Ͽ֮ǰСزԪףνмһˣô˳ۡһٵϵھŲ̨ףСزһڵھŲ̨һʶӡ
һĴ
ĸµСزҲɵķڷ
һЦϷҹһˣСزƲƲ죬ǿ򶨣Ž츳ѪʿУΪ͵ġڴлܹһͬ
СزĻ˵÷ǳתȻûֱӳѹԼһͷǣ׵̬ȣѾʮǫѷ
Ϊһ峤ܹѻ˵ϣҲ˵Сزķڷˣ

ʹ죡ʹ찡
Ϸ֡ҹһˣûȻأ˵ЦЦǽһſ˼˵ĸܣСزɫǺ죬޵
һҴߣСزľģҲЩ߿һ뵽׵ΪȫȻûа㲻ģֻһֹ确ɲŮò˫ɡ֮Ů˲Ĵ
ˣŽ塣Ϊλڹؾķʮʱ䣿
īٿһؿھŲ̨ϵס
ͬʱڳһ˵ȣҲ׷׿ףüͷ΢
˵ľ֮ɫ׵һЦһһʮؽʵҲûʲôҺܿʹسɹˡֻ֮Уӡ̺һödַ׭һ˿ǅdַ׭̺ķ壬ҴӴаõķ壬һУԣұ鲻ԽؿʼĦ̽ʱѾȥʮ졣
˵ţһεͷīһ
˭룬䣬ȫһƬš
ڳһʿһŵصű˴ˣԼĶ䡣
ţûɣŽ壬ǵ׶ɹ˹ؾĿ飬ңӹӡ̺ķУõһ˿У
һֱһȻ˴ķ壬ȡǾף
ѹŽܹʷǰԪǫ́Ͽɣһûм̳й²ļһѾ˹˵һַ壬Ȼ˵һַ壬ǲ׺һǣҲѰʿܹᲢ۵ġһַ壬ʵǳ̨ĿУȻҲ׵õϿɣ
Žƾƿصķ壬ھͶ֮˺ѳһռѷ죬ʮֲֿƿصķ壬ƾһΣ֪ܹʲôĿֲ
һˣ֮ʮҵ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣЩЦá
ʱ˵Ĳ̫
ϷһΪһʱƴƴʱ׾ȻֵõһԵԼľΪ
˺޵
ãã
īͷܹ˴ądַ׭һ˿˵ʮԵպʵǸߵ̨ףڵϳ̨ۣ֮𻯷Ҳ档
һ϶ſڿӡ
СزĹĵҧűݣֹһ
ؾСزǽȥһΣԹӡʱʥ쾳СزЩɢһԪСܹ֧Ѿƾˡ
Ȼõ˹ɷĴУ
ʣһѹСزһͷСĸ鲻СزЩҪһطȥĳ嶯
¡¡¡¡¡¡
Բʮɵĳ̨أ𵴸ͣҡػΣعѡ컯ɾ飬ȫ侪һӶų̨ķ
ںĵشߴ㳲һĿɿڴؿҡεĳ̨档
ʲô֮ӵ˳̨ʱڣϳ̨֮ӣδҲ̫ˡڣ½ѵʵǳ̨Ѷ½ˣ
֪һΣǺηʥ˳̨Ҫ˭ʶӸ棡
Ƕ֮ŵ֮ӣһʵǳ̨ң˻ִ˵еۣвţ
ŵĸ߲㡢ϣһӵۣһصؿ̨ķ



1215 յ׽ҿ
һƬޱȲԭҰ֮ϣͨͳһһ̲ͣسŻķϯȥĿ䣬ɫء
ĳ֣֪һʲôͷ
źܿͻиŵӿĵشѰһĺۼʱ򣬺ĵشӿҪҵٻټڴ룬ޱȵüѣ
ͨһ
ڤһʱԣ峤ǲֱӽٻ飬ɢţŵõϢ϶ȿֺز޵һһ򾡣
һ뵽̵ֵİٻ룬ڤͺ޵Ĵ̹ǣͲ̽ٻʬΣ⽴ȥֵܱѩޡ
ţ
һٻеɫʯ¾пˡɫʯǳҪԲ׷䲻жУ
ڤ촽˼£ƺҪͨɫ࣬ԴĮҲٳԲѷ
ʱһһƸһԳԶϯȥһ·֮ϣû޵
ת֮һգ̨ҵزرɫعѡ
ͻһĻͨȻһһؿ̨ķ򣬡ʲô˳ɹ˳̨Ͽɣ
ͨüͷ壬һֲԤӿͷ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ڤһпǰãһСزŸոյϳ̨¡ô̵ʱڣôеڶ˵ϳ̨
Īǣߴ֮ӣ׼һٷСزȡ֮ô
ڤĿ塣
ͣ£
ͨһӣն
ʱеȫͣ½Ųһ
һߣڵĳ̨·һˣһ࣬ҵš
ŽѾɹ˳̨Ͽɣһͻ콵߲ʱ⣬ɺඥʺ죡
֮Žڣͻһ˿ԵõɵĻᣬҲһЩ
īһЦ׵񣬾طһĨˮ
ǰ˵ֻἷ˭ڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
Ϸµؿī롣
ī΢΢һüͷ壬΢˼Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ˵׼ҿܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣʮѷֳһߵ
ԣϷƲƲ죬
ǰ˵᲻һ
أǰһЦ˵ֵʶӣСزʶӸȡˣһСزոջǫ́Ͽûõļһͽ̨
δ䣬ȫΪ֮ȻһˣһţɫٿȻ䡣
׵ʶӣСزʶӸȡ֮
ֿԣеġ
ͨ˵һ̨½Ͽɵ֮ӣȡʶһԱ
Сزʶӣھöʶ֮Уģô׵ʶӣͷǳпȡ֮
ʱ򣬾Ǵˮһ˲֪һˡ
ˣǺãСزȡʨʶӣѾ˵Ԥϣ˵ھŲ̨еʶӣʵѷֳһСزէȣױȡ֮
СزʶӣŽȡˣôֳ裬СزĸƢԣǾԲ̵ܹģϾСزʥĸ֣Žֻʥ߾磡
ԸŽʶӣҪȡСزʶӣĻܻܿΪһĿɳ𣡡
һˣһ˫ֺʮ
ޣŽܹǫ́Ͽɣ϶˲شΪˣŻᱻŽ˿ӡʥ磬ᵣıһԪСȡ֮
Сزǿ򶨣һʵκ˶óʱ˿̵Сزֱġ
û취Сزʶıһȫмһ˵СȡˣôǶ⣬̫ˡϵˣԳܡ
οǸոճΪһһ峤Сز
ʱ񣬽ԵעٶͶھŲ̨ϵСزһּ˷ܣ׼֤һʷԵʱ̣
Ҫ֪ԴߴҸͶ𣬹Ϸ˺ĵشܹ֮ߴ֮һνָ
龳İٻһĵؼ˵ھʮŲ̨еһʶӡ
֮󣬾ǱΪСزҲ˳޵񣬶ңѶϵȰٻ뻹Ҫѡ
ǣһУױֵһᣡ
ףʷһԪ磬͵ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɵĴڣ
䶯ЧӦɫʣעҪڰٻСز֮ϣ
Х죬Բʮɵĳ̨ھһĶֹ֮ͣ˲Ŀʮɵĳ̨ȫ޾ı֮Уһ貶Ŀɫʺ磬ڶڳ̨Ͽգԣҫۡ
̼䣬ȫĦƽʥϴ

أƹӱ죬һϯӴһ쳹컯ɾ̼䣬ϵ޾ʿȫ񣬽ĿͶ˳̨ķ
Ǻηʥɹ˳̨ϿɣΪ˸Ÿ߲еһգ
£յףҿ



1216 ɺ
޾ı֮УͦǹһƷ壬ӳ̨ڲɿϯӿڲ˵ӣ廨˲ɵȫһ
ţ׾͸ܵԼɿ켯ᣬ۳һöټʶӣԺ֮߮׼
ף鸽һظܵһ˵Ŀֲ᳹飬ĸоһλ˵еˣƽһɳݵ
ţ
̨ƺҪҵʶӣǲһھŲ̨ô
һʱµ߰˰ˡ
ͻأģһŹֵĸо׵Ժ֮УЩ಻סļ
ˣ̨ǹͶɵģһСڻԵɺ֮£˳̳˹˵һַ壬ҽⲿַ壬ûһödַ׭ʶС˵̨ϵӽһЩ
һˣ׵˫ȫ߶ڵķ壬һǧľͻûһöָ״Сądַ׭С磬˳ʶڲ
ȥ׵ʶӣͺһǶŽɫĵˮһϢ
ɹˣ
Ϊ
Ȼôֻ׵һûʲô̫壬ǣ˳ں˅dַ׭ʶӣڷıݻ֮£ô
ಣ
ڣһ̨ɫʺӳ֮£һöȭͷСʶӣɢĿı⣬ڶȻֻȭͷСڴʱ˿̣ȴ޾⣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫסˡ
ÿһ˵ĺȫΪ֮ͣͣضöʶӡ
ǿ쿴ŽһöʶӣѾˣܿ죬Ҫϳ̨ۣ֮˾
Ϸ⣬һЦ
ţŽʶӺ֣Ȼںһödַ׭
ٻ붨ȥʱʧ
˻
δ䣬̨ײһ˵ȣȫϸƣڿʶڲǶһöָ״Сądַ׭ʱȫ׾ˣ
ţҿʲôһödַ׭
ûпdַ׭˵ądַ׭һޣ֣˵ądַ׭ΪλŽʶ֮У
ѵӵõ˹˵Ĵ࣬⽵һödַ׭ݻ
ʱȫɧңһ۷׷ס
ܣ
ֽԴҡǲ˹һѻ죬ôδŽһödַ׭
ԣͷǡ
һַ̣׷üͷĿ¶
ǣdַ׭ǳԹˣִӺζĪǳ̨ڲ̺ķ׭
ô˵һödַ׭ʶӣŽ˵һϲ£
۷׷ס
ǳ̨·һ˵ȣݹ컯ɾһöںŅdַ׭ʶӣ޾ӳ£ϳ̨֮۵ʱÿһʿΪ֮е𾪣Ϊ֮е
Увںĸ߲㳤ϣһ۾жϳʶڲądַ׭Ȼڻڵķ׭һޣһеġ
һ֣ذը˲˸ŵĵӣ
ʱֲ²룬׷ɣķ
һ̣ڻǫ́Ͽɵ˶ԽԽ
ڣĿ֮£ʶӣƵƤөһ˳̨ۣ֮أƯţĿһĻˣ
ֻһˮһȪ۶ɵĽӣ͵س𣬷Ͼ죬ԽȭͷСʶӸС
ȥоȪӿ𣬺һʶӸڲϵؽнʶڲʸ޳
һĻУƽһף˲ˡ
ţʲôΪʲôоȪͬʱ֣Ҫ֪Ѱʿǻ˳̨Ͽɣ˵ھŲ̨ףҲֻһȪӽʶӰˣ
һͷһοڻǫ́Ͽ֮󣬻ὫȪһ
˶ĻԵҲ֪ǺηʥȻܹǫ̃ƫ
ɲǼ䣬컯ɾ׷ڣеʿȫĿؿ߿ĿһĻ档
ͬʱ̨ײһһ˵ȣһǸײ´½һ־ϲͬʱֳС
Ž壬ǵһ棬ңƺҲõ˳̨Ĵ࣡ȻѰ֮Ÿ¡صĴ
ò˵һĻ󣬲ò˸̾Ž̨ǷǳԵֵģпܣõ˵²Уһٵϳ̨ۣ֮
ʶеądַ׭Ǵʱ˿̵ľȪӣ˸еϢŽ壬һžţʱΪÿһ飬ʷǧš
һˣȫ׸۷ˡ



1217 º˲ʶ
ԶСز͵ؽһ΢΢˫һŵؿ߿еľģҧ촽һĨӿͷ
ƾʲô
ƾʲô׵ϵھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣܹʶһödַ׭ܹñѰ֮ӸȪӣ
Ҫ֪֮˵ȪඥһĻԵܹÿһǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣܵõԵպͨؼһƽڣһԵгһյõɣ𻯷Ҳһϣ
˭룬ףȻһӵõ˾Ȫͬʱඥϴ
ζʲô
ζ׾壬Ǹ۲۵׷̥ǣھඥ֮ڵԵɽֺ
ڣСزɽĺҪʤһ
õɵļʣҪö࣡
컯ɾе飬޲еĽʺޣ
ͬǫ́Ͽɣгһܹù²е֮ӣڿ׵Ĵ֮󣬶ƽһǿҵĲʣ
֮£Ѱ֮ӵĴֵһᣡ
ţûпɣ𣿡
ʶī룬ʱ˿̣ҲԶеľ֮飬һ㵵Ÿ߿еľöϲ£졣
ī룬һʶ飬ѡһӣ
ٻ벻ɵһпꡣ
Ҫ֪ٻҲǷ绪һȻǫ́ϿɣΪŵдж
ȻѲǣȴСزһͬ޵ĽӰˣ
һε컯ɾΪ֮𾪣
ǡ
һУͬĺ䶯ЧӦٲȻЩ̫Сˡ
˵׵ĺճȻ컯ɾΪ֮ڣΪ֮ĤݣΪ֮̾
Ǿ޽еĳ棡

ھŲ̨ϵףһΣʶӾඥͬһʱ䣬һĸоӿͷůģƮƮɣ˵꣬һ̲ͣؾŴϴӡ
ʱ䣬ʶͱø⿪ͨµо
ͬʱɸ߿֮ϣʶ޾Ȫ֮УɿתƺõһƵõɵĻԵȪĲϴˢ֮£ȭͷСʶӣ𽥱þӨ͸ԲϾˮһ㣬ɢһĹ
һʶڲһödַ׭ҲɼɢһɰƣҪ£
öʶӸ˵ÿֲȻʥ֮ӣҪΪǿʢ
һզ̾
Ŀ֮£ԼĪȭͷСʶڲ측ֳһӰңӰɫʺ£ӳһϴ֮ϣʱһͦǹӰ£·һ㣬羴
ȥֻһ㣬Ƿ꣬Ȼ˿٣ǳȻ컯ɾκһѾõĸ֣

̼䣬컯ɾˣΪ֮Ȼ
ԭΪܹǫ̃˴϶ǳѾõĸ֣ߴٲãҲںĵشĺ壬Ǹ
˭룬Ȼһȫİף
ʲôСӣҾȻûпĵϸһ֪
֣㣬ڸ֮жߣ츳׿ӹҵ۾ǣȴԴδţ
һδıţʱİ׵ϳ̨ռߴ컯ɾֲҪֱ仯ˣ
ŵĸ߲㡢ϣһ˫һϾؿ֮ϵӰ
ΣǶҪ콫ӵĵϸһӵʶӣܹںһödַ׭оȪӽඥ˵ӵĻԵˣԶˡڸţһǳв
ܴǺʲôɽţܿͻ飬ˣԴӽвݵ׷ɱνľַش֮ʵ̫ͷˣ
һΣһ£ǣͬʱҲΪŵжд̣ûǿĿɽӾͷǳѹˡ
ţŵ峤һʼ̽׵ĵϸ
ͬһʱ䣬ڲ
𡢰ѻܿܿȺ֮УĿתضԶеĳ̨
û뵽һǫ́Ͽ֮󣬶ʱڣλ֮Ⱥǫ́Ͽɣ컯ɾеţеҪö࣡
ѻܿܿƳˮܽصϣ΢΢һĨá
Զһˣų̨ϵʶָָ㡣ȵһϤӰƾһϴ֮ʱѻܿܿˣ



1218 ڿഫ
ţȻŽ壡
ѻܿܿɵʧһĲ˼飬⣬⡭ôܣ
ѻܿܿһǳʧ̬ģгԪλʵȨϣ׵һ˲䣬ȫԭأƱʩչ˶һʯˡ
֮󣬷źһŵ
ţûпɣȻŽǸһ
һʧоԼƤͣš
Ž壿
Ԫɫ࣬ǰֻһδ̤ԪʥӣȻõȪлΪԪʥߣǣҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣҲδЩ̫ھˣ
ৡ
ʱԲԶļϣ׷״ǰһؿԪ
λϣƺ˶˽⣿
һִϣգ˫ʵ
˻ȵĿ⣬ԪһɬЦ⣬ԭ뽫ī·鹫ڡǣҪƺЩ̫ܡ
׵ĳ֣еţе˼в
壬ӵŽ壬ڼǰīĴ£˺ĵشʱӻһδ̤ԪʥӣҪڳ̨һʶӣҾ÷ǳЦ㰲һЩڵ̳бԡ˭룬ͬʿУȻһ֣
һڳһݣȫһоϢ̫һʱЩ
ʲôʥӣʥӣ컯ɾҲֻʮʱ䣬ܹʮʱڣ˳ΧشĵشѾʮ˲ˡû뵽ӾȻһ˵ھŲ̨ף
ʲôþ죬ߴ֮һ˾ϸѡ㿼ˣνŲ繷ȻûһŽĶ֣
ѹִʮԭ壡ϢδҲ̫ˣʮʱڣٿ죬ҲֻԪ磡һԪСһȻ˵ھŲ̨ף
ң೤ϣ㲻Ϊ˺Լݣ׫һЩϢɣЩ̵ˣᱻƭ
Ļڳĳϣһͷ׷ҡͷ
׷̥һԪ綼ṳ̂ʥӣȻҲϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
ֱһЦ
Ҿȷ䣬ûа١
Ըϵɣɫ䣬ž޲ǿʰѻܿܿҲŽ彻֡ʱѻܿܿӵʥ۷徳Ϊ뻹ʥӵŽԣֻǿһƽ֡⣬ҳҲΪ֤
˵ţһ㱵İѻܿܿԪԼ֤
ʱڳһڳϵȫ۽ڰѻܿܿԪϡ
೤Ͼȷ䣬ȫȻûа٣
ѻܿܿ
Ԫͬظġ
һĻþһĳϣȫˣһԭأľһ
ʲô
һУȻģ
ԭڳϿٲȻһޱ׾ӵĻԣȻΪ£
ֲԳܡһĺĳϣʶ㣬ʱ˿ҲһҰףһʱӦ
ţһԪСȻ˵ھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣ
ѹִܹǫ̃Ĵ࣬壬ֻԪ磬ô츳Ѫ˵ǼΪһݹ컯ɾҲֻеһɽе̳ܹᲢۣ
û뵽飬Ȼӵ˾춯ص츳ϢǴ϶컯ɾΪ֮𶯣
һĳϣһʧҲ԰еľ֮顣
Ž壬뿪ʱйԼ˵Ҫȱȿ˭ܹȵϳ̨ԭΪӮˣڿҲռΧռƣ޼ɵؽʵǣʵǳ̨սУҿνһͿأ
һΣķڷ
ѻܿܿϣһĨӵɫ
Ҫ֪ѻֹܿܿԪ۷壬һƿҲҪ̨Ҳ޿ܡ
֮ױһ֮󣬲򣬿ǣһͻƣʥ磬ٷ˴Ȫ̸֮󣬰ѻܿܿ˳ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
ס
ڶ̶̵ļڣҲܹԪ磬һԪСһȻ˵ھŲ̨ףһ˳̨Ͽɣһô׵飿
Ҫ֪ѻܿܿʥ۷徳ʱҲδϹ̨߲ס
ȴһٵ˵ھŲ̨ףһ˳̨Ͽɣ
֮£ѻܿܿ׵Ĳ࣬ν󣬿֮Ҳ޲ɡ
Ž壬һȼսϣ֮ľܹһֱȥ
ҰѻܿܿԶͬһˣ
ѻܿܿ͵˷۰׵֡



1219 Ϯ
û뵽컯ɾеĳ̨һһµʶӣܴ谡
˶컯ɾе飬ƫģĻҲ컯ɾڣڤػĸֲ컯ɾ˭룬Ͽ£Ȼһžţ˵ھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣ
Ϣغܿͻᴫ컯ɾʱ򣬸һȡʩţûһţܴ裡һ˰ռ̨һ
һĳϣһ۷׷ס
˵컯ɾе飬壬һԽСΪȫ׷̥컯ɾ飬ǳˣô飬ǲ۲۵Ұ
Թ컯ɾûнһΪڤػ컯ɾ޿֡ҲΪ츳Ѫ컯ɾеҪѷɫࡣ
壬ʷƾã컯ɾôһõĴҪϲɣĶ࣬ǣȴһ۾ĴڶûУ۷ֻв𾳽磬ңǲ𾳽ĸ֣Ҫ컯ɾѷɫࡣ
ΨһֵҫģеĸĹңϼУŴ˵ĵ
컯ɾеĲ𾳸ģ
Ϊˣ컯ɾеĸţǺߴҲʼ𽥽ħצ壡
ʼӶԴ
ûϵгһգѹҰȻ˳컯ɾһޱĶ⣡
裡
һգ˵컯ɾ˵ȫǶ˳ϵһ죡
ʣ׵ĳ֣һ
컯ɾеĸţпܻ׵ʶӴӳ̨Ĩڣ׸Ͼɱ
ԭŻʮֵǿĿɽ˭룬׾ȻһˡþӸµ飬Ҳû˹˼ɣһչп׷ɱ
ϾΪ壬Բ컯ɾԣõ˻д
ףһֻ䵥ǣնɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ȺĽ䣬һӰ˫ĿضϵӰ־ңٱơ
˲ˣȻͬһʱ컯ɾĽ𻢣
ڹǽһ
ԭУ𻢲ûн׷ֻŴ컯ɾгȥнһնɱ
˭룬ڽ컯ɾ֮׾ͻϣһɳ졣𻢸ԶԶ˦
ң֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ󣬿֮
컯ɾ֮Уй֣ȥһϢӽ󣬶ȻӰ
İ£ýױһʱ򣬽𻢾Ȼŵøεѣδսӡþһ嶪
Դˣ𻢺޵Ͳ̽ʬΣԽͷ֮ޣ
Դ뿪죬ĵشÿÿҹε棬ϣܹңһغһȻص壬صǣ𻢾Ͳһ;սˣ
˭롭
׷ǵûҰңһ컯ɾ鶼Ϊ֮𶯵漣
һӣΪ컯ɾм̳й²ѡ
֮£ھڲʦĽ𻢣ǿ޲һ鶹һͷײ
褺
ͨһڵأͷɢһҵо
ͬʱŹŵϿգӰնų̨ķ
̵ֳĹųϣ񣬰дŻǫ́˶Ǻηʥ
أһӰɫʺ£һϴ֮ϣ̼䣬ųһȻʧһ˼ضϵӰ͵ҡͷ
ǧСӣ
ӵŽ壬ڻԵɺ֮£˱챦ļһ
ų͵صɴ˫ƿʮֲֿ飬ȫ鲻Խض

£ųһӣеǧɽĵӸٻ˳
ʱǧӰƾճڰС
ݼųϡ
ݼųϡ
ǧɽĵӣһΣ㹧سŹųϹҾ
ǿ쿴һɱǧͬŵ𣿡
ųʮּسѯʡ
ڿӰһ˲䣬ųϵ˼άȻһƬңֻΪԼˣ˻þ㽫ɽĵӣȫһԵظٻ˳
ʲôȻŽ壡
Ž壬˳̨ھŲ̨ףһԵ
Ž壬նɱǧͬţǲɽѪ𣬲죡û뵽󣬾Ȼܹ񣬻ڻԵ֮£˵ھŲ̨ף
ɽĵӣһǿϹһһֵض֮ϵӰ



1220 ʰ·
ųϵɫ÷ǳѿ
ǹųһۻˣϴˣǻ˵ùȥ
ǣǧɽĵӣͬʱϴˣ
۹ųԸԸţϳ̨ˣŽ塱
ѾΪһȶʵ޷ı䡣
Žһ壬츳ڣڽԪʱ򣬻Եɺ֮£õһ챦磡
ʱһһҪı챦˭룬ӾȻһʱշ籩֮УӴ
ų׷ĪʱһΪӶˡûϵȻ˳ң˵ھŲ̨ף
ųһпҲø׺ݡ
ûв´ĻΪõ챦Եʣƿһִ編򣬴ӽܹȻڿռ֮شһ龳ĸ֣Ҳܹݵѣ
УһҪϢ峤ӣ컯ɾһǳв
ųһˣʱһΣƾʧ١
ಡ
ڣ֮Ӱڳһӵʱɢͬʱڳ̨֮۵ʶӣ͵£·ȥ
ʱȫעĸŵĸ߲㣬һϢͣͣ
Ǻߴĸ߲㳤ϣԼŵ֮ӣȡ֮
Ŀ£Ө͸ʶӣ䣬˰ٲ̨ף߰ٲ̨ףٲ̨ףٲ̨ס˳̨ĵײͬʱҲΪؼʱ̡
ٲ̨ףһʮ̨ס
Ϻ٣ӿ죡
һٶʮ̨ףһ̨ס
ŵĸ߲㲻ȫΪ֮ͣͣͷˢˢ䡣
ಣ
أӨ͸ʶӣӹ˵ھʮŲ̨ף£ŵھŲ̨ȥ
ʲôȻ滻˵ھŲ̨еʶӣ
ǲ˼飡ûϵھŲ̨еʶӣȻڶ̶̵ʱڣҪ֪ܹڵھŲ̨ռһϯ֮صȫǿѰţ
ţ֪һʲôȻӵ˾춯ص츳˷ֽ滻˭ʶӣ
ʱŵĸ߲㣬һΪ㵵׵ʶӣЩš
һЩ֪УֻΪ龳֣ҪԼʶӣھʮŲ̨֮С˭룬ŵĸ߲㳤ȫͬ
׵ʶӣڵھŲ̨֮У
̨·һˣʱðΧһ˽
ŽǧСزʶӸȡĻǿҪĿɳˣ
пܱȡ֮ʶӣһСزһھİѻܿܿλʿǳէδȣױȡ
һˣʱתͷ͵Сز۲Сزɫ仯
СزӱϿʲôǣʵǣСزޱȵĽƣձһ
ԶϷ֡ҹһˣһЦЦؿСزĿζ
ڣصһӨ͸ʶӣ͵Ƕ˵ھŲ̨ڲɢ䣬һ̨Ϊһ塣

վڵھŲ̨ϵףͺһһΪܵӡ
ͬʱһĻˡ
ˣˡ
ھŲ̨ԭеľſʶӣ׵ʶ̨ڲһɲǣʱҵزȦŵþſʶӲϲһ׵ʶӸλá
ţ
Ϊʲôᷢ
ͬһʱ䣬Сزһͷ৶䣬һǿҵΣӿͷ·ԼֱһȫƿأĸоСزʮ
ʲôˣ
֣ŽʶӣȻһΧ룡
һˣһſڽࡣ
Сزû°ɣ
ٻ˼磬һСزŵģ꺮ů
ţҡҸоԼʶӣƺҪȡˣ
Сزһ
˻
䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫһ
ʲô
ŽʶӣҪСزȡ֮ˣ
ȫһȻ
Ϸһ˿СزΪͬ顣
ԭĸСزΪ׵ĴڣӶܴҲͰˡ˭룬ȻʶӶ׸ȡˡ
Сزף
Ž壬ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣٻƽһըףǧ׼ȡСزʶӣĻұı磬һغ
īΪ֮һüͷšһ֡
ûϵٻΪСزֹڳ̨һʶӣ



1221 Ǭ
˵ʵǳ̨ٻΪһˣǳᶨһֱʮͦڣѾ׵һĿɽСزչޡ
˭룬ڿ׵ʶӣпȡСزʱ򣬰ٻ뻹Щסˡ
û취Сزһһ峤˵׶ڰٻ壬ȻûôҪ
˵ˣ֮󣬰ٻҲʮСزʶӣұ׸ȡ֮ˡôСز츳ѪҪٶȡһϯ֮أڵھŲ̨һʶӣǳ˵Ρ
֮£ٻȨףǺ˾
ٻӣһԡ
īھ٣׹һ񣬻æȰ裬Žʱʣ޼ˣǷһλᣬ̤컯ɾһûа취Ϊһ屣ݻˡСزΪ컯ɾܹΪؿʵǵ㣬ţֻҪСزչǱһʱ䣬һܹٶȵϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣ
Ϸ֡һˣҲһ̼ؿٻ롣
СزԾʵǳ̨еǻᡣ
ףпҲûеڶλˣ
īĽĿ⣬ٻ΢΢̾ϢһƺҲ޿κΡ
ţ
ʲôΪʲô
أСزҵزͫţ񿴵һ䲻˼顣
˷׷񣬿Сز
һָо񡭡񲻽ңľſʶӣҲʱпܱȡ֮
Сزһ󼲺
䣬ȫʱһļžеˣȫĿ࣬ԼĶ䡣
ţûɣŽʶӣȻþſʶȫַƮҡҪȡ֮ĸо
Ǿףţ
ͨ˵½ʶӣֻܹȡΪһʶӡŽʶӣȻȡſʶеһţһô׵
ƺŽõ˳̨Ĵ࣬ȡһʶӣ
һˣһȻ
ⲻܡڳ̨вʶӣǱѡһΪʶӣһû˵һžţѡһʶȡ֮Ž壬δҲЩ̫˼ˣ
ٻһؿס
ʹٻʶ㣬Ҳ޻˵
ţ
ŽСӣƺֻһѡ̫ˣֻҪȡСزʶӣ´ˡİ˿ʶӣŽҪȡ˭ûʲôϵ
ī벻ɵϲ⡣
ٺ٣Ϊǵϴ󣬾ţ죡Ȼľſʶӣȫ׳ƳǸӣ
Ϸ㵸
ܹڵھŲ̨ʶӵһ֮ӣǿĿɽ컯ɾеδ֮ǡǣЩǹڵδ֮ţֵǰȴȫֵһᣬȫƿֵ֮У
һпꡣ
ʹ찡һΣŸ壬ϴӡ̣
Ц
ͬʱھŹŵʥȪȡʨ롢졢Ǻ򶴿ߣԳɽߴ֮ӣһȫɫ䣬ңֱ˶סʺĸо
˵ЩڸʥڸԵϵУǾԵĺĵӣ޾Դ»Ǹδϣ
ƽЩ֮ӣԸ߰Ŀˣߡ
׵ʶǰȴܵһǿҵСƺʱпܱ׵ʶӸȡ֮
ƽ߸ϵ֮ǣصشϵˤһס
ϿգһٻӰնȫһȾƴӻ߳ӡŮȻǾ³衰ѻܿܿҲΪʥ磬ͻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡ
Ҫ
Ȼʱ˿̣ѻܿܿȴɫһ˼ֲ飬ͷ৶䡣
ܿܿʲôˣ
ִԪһеѯʡ
ҵʶӣҪȡ֮ˣ
ѻܿܿһɬ֧֧˰֮ڰ̾
δ䣬Χˣȫһ־ɥ
ʲôŽǸСӣȻҪѻܿܿʶӸȡ֮
üһɿֲɱŽû뵽ԮŽĵشգȴǰʯͷԼĽţǿɱЦ
ӽī֮䣬Ѿû壬еģֻгޣ
һࡣ
Ȼһ̣ѻܿܿһ󾪺ܡҾȻһַǳֵĸоŽʶӣ鸽壬ҪȡһʶӣͿȡһʶӣ
䣬ȫһƬȻ
һˣǳߵͣȫĿ࣬һ
ûϵŽȻ˵Ԫ͵ϳ̨ҲͰˡȻڸŵ֮ӣӣҪȡ֮Ϳȡ֮
Ԫһۣȫɫ䡣



1222 ͷϴ
̨ھŲ̨֮ϣ׺˿٣ǹͦ˫ִƽȶƳ
ȥ˵״̬ʮڻ԰ͥŲһ
Ҳûϵʱ˿̣ڸŵ֮ӣһĵذš˵Ϊ׵Ĵڣűֵüɹ

ҵʶӣȡһʶӣ
һܵ˵ھŲ̨ڲɵһƣΪ˷ܡ
ԭ׻ԼʶӣὫСزȡ֮һɴһ巴Ŀɳ
һҪöࡣ
ףûбȡСزʶӣңھſʶѡһʶȡ֮
ǶôĴ
ٺ٣Ϲèˡû뵽ʶڲںһödַ׭֮ҵʶӣȻǿ󣬿׾ٵѹʶӣ
ҡͷһЦĻŭš
˵ƾ׵ľΪҪԼʶӣھŲ̨ԭеʶӸѹסȫǲʵ顣
ǣʶڲںһödַ׭һоͶпˡ
ˣ²˳٣Ҳþˣ
³һʱһ
ಣ
ں˅dַ׭ʶӣʱžſʶеһʶȥ
̼䣬컯ɾ飬ȫɤ۵λá

һ̨̣ײСزһģЩ̱ڵء
̨ڲ׵ʶӣȻɵСزʶǰƺҪСزʶӸȡ֮
һԱĿֲѹȸУϯСزַƮҡĸо
ס֣
ٻ鼱֮£ٶȴ
ھŲ̨֮ϣ˫ֱأһ޿ֵؿ·İٻ룬ǰĪҪвң˵ţζһЦ
ৡ
ʱһˣϷһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾ۽ڰٻϡ
ңҡȻûҪв㣬Ž壬Ҫ֪ǷǳģҪȻҲὫҵıİ巨ȫ˽ط׸㣡
ѾһϵĻˣϣܹ˲С˹һ˼һƽϡ
ٻŵ̬˲С˹Ļܹ˵óȫû֮ǰҪ׵в̬
ܹٻŵ̬ǲף
ʹ찡
ޣٻĽǸɻ飬ôͲҪֵı磬һ˫и񡣡
Ϸ֡ҹһ۷׷ףŰȻЦ⡣
СزСҰףΪ޵صףתͷһ۵ؿٻ롣
ٻһغΪ˸Сزǫ́Ͽɣ㾡С
ΪСزȴҪһСĸİٻ˵Բһ׵顣
ǣΪСزһ裬ٻ˿ûԹԡ
˭룬԰ٻĻھŲ̨ϵףƺ⣬һͲٿԼʶӣϵسСزʶײ
飡飡飡
ÿһγײСزʶӾҲʱпӦѡ
ͬʱСز̱ʹطһҺС
ٻ࣬ʱ
ס֣ס֣
ٻֻʧ룬Ž壬Ҵ˻ͱһƽˣˣӳ̨֮Ҹһ٣ú÷йһͨ
ٻһɬ׵Ҳû˰ֺ˵Ļ쳣΢׶ţڳ˶ȻŰٻ˵Ļ
Ϸ֡ҹһ˫Ź⣬к»޲̷Ц㵸
ǣվҪ˼һЩٻ棬̫ڷһסЦǺ졣
ǰ˵ĻôأҲֻǿЦˡ
ھŲ̨ϣ׷ɣ˿ٵףһս񣬴˿ȴһƤЦؿٻ룬һֹͣ˹Сزʶӡ
Сزһܵʶӵѹ轵ʱ¶һĨ΢Ц
ٻûس׷һۣغһ
ãСز֮⣬һа˿ʶӿѡ񣡡
촽أܵһΪϤϢʱĿһתǸֳһĨЦ⡣
ûжϴʶӣӦǾһİѻܿܿģ
ѻܿܿһԣָ£Ϊеһź
ǽʶӸȡ֮ţһģҲһ˳ӣü
һˣ׵ʱû̫ĳɣٿԼʶӣԳŰѻܿܿʶȥ



1223 콵
飡飡飡飡
ʱ׵ʶӣϵسŰѻܿܿʶӷҵĳÿһγײʮ׺ݣƺҪѻܿܿʶӸһٻ
ͻıʣþһ£ס
쿴ŽʶӣƺŰѻܿܿ˳
ģŽһĹεĶôṩȻһ֮ӷ˹
Žڳ̨Ҫ£Ҫȡѻܿܿʶӣôһ壬ûжˣǣŽ壬ѡΪʲôƫƫҪѡѻܿܿⲻǶʲô
һˣһƿڴ
֣㿴⣿
Ԫһ̼ؿԵ
ԪƵĿ⣬ԵΪõݣɫž޲˿һ
޷ҲŽ壬ֻҪڰѻܿܿǰʾһˡҪѻܿܿʶӸȡ֮
˵
ԪһƬ̣ƺЩš
Žʶӣںһödַ׭ƺǹ˴ķ׭ö׭ŽҪһʶӣͿһʶӣȫûбҪѻܿܿʶӷ𹥻ţֻҪŽԸ⣬һ֮䣬ͿԳ׻ѻܿܿʶӣ
ԣҸҶ϶Žô޶⡣
˼硣
ԣԪɵһŵɳ˼֡
һŽ壬ƺҲ֪Ѿһɳ죬ˣȻʶҵʶӣ
Ҳ޷ҪҵʶӸȡҲûаԹԣڣһе˷ܣΪΪܹѪڵˣ
ѻܿܿҧݣĿһգգؿ̨ķ
׵ʶӣһӵʱ䣬ѻܿܿʶӸýڽڰˣʮֿ֡
̨ϣϲЦտаԲŰѻܿܿ飬ٺ٣Ŵʱ˿̵İѻܿܿһô붼˸еأ
ѻ֮ܿܿ䣬ֻǵԾǵжԹϵԣҲûбҪȡʶӡ
ңǾһīŽ飬Ҳжҿɲܹһİǡ
Ȼ棬˳̨Ͽɣǣû˶еƮƮȻΪ˴µķִ󣬻Ƿǳλġ
Ͽգһˣһ׵ʶֹֹͣĹƣʱһ󻶺ȸԾ
Ԫһؿ˴Ĵָ΢΢һЦ
ѻܿܿ΢΢³һɫɵȻֻǾԺ׵ģǶһֱĸо
ѽҶʲô
һһҳҪÿ
ѻܿܿھкųƱɽˣ䣬ЦһʿҪѻܿܿ£ϵΪ£ն˱Ÿ˵ѻܿܿǸ۲۵񣬴ûзĵĹעһʿ
ڣȴǿӲش˰ѻܿܿģðѻܿܿҲƽ
ͬʱ̨ײХɳ
ŽСӣǵƤ
īһЦ׵ľٶ
ϴ󲻻ҪſʶȫϷһ飬ȡеһʶӰɣ
һİȻЦ⡣
Ļǽе֮ȫˣ֣ѾǳߵˣѾΪŵжд̡򲻵ѣûǱ̫࣡
ҹüͷ૳
ں뿴ŵ֮һʲôı飡طǳ桭
ϷЦ
̨ϣױ˫֣ⲽƺЩԾ
Сزʶѻܿܿʶ֮⣬ʣµöʶӣҶȫ˽⣬ԭȡ˭ûйϵǣһšһ֮ӶԣȴǴ£пܻ˽𡣡
ԣ΢һЩźá
һˣ׵ʱʶڲɢһʼ̽ʶӵϢ
ϧϢܣжϳʶӵݡ
λǰ
촽ų̨·İٻīǿҽһ£ЩʶӶʲôҲ񣡡
ԣٻī벻ɵ˵ͷ
Ž壬˵ЩʶӣСز֮⣬ںߴУŹŵʥȪȸռϯλǺԳɽռһϯλ򶴿һ壬ԭҲһϯλǱѻܿܿȡˡʨ룬ԭϯλһҲСزȡˣֻʣһϯλ
īһһʮؽʮֳ



1224 ħ
֣ҿҪǣֱӽŹŵ֮Ӹȡ֮ˡŹŵĹųϣɱһѽޣһΣԻ
Ϸ顣
ûǾŹŵĹųʵ̫ɶˣΪֵı磬ЩͽǸһ򾡣
ֵͷͬ
ŹŵĹųϣһɽѾħצ壬ɼŹŵҰжǼȻѾŹŵվ˶棬ôҪȭ飡
ȻҲԾŹŵ֮ǡ
ţŹŵô
һԺеʱֳŹŵųһֶУԼɽʥӵĲбоʱƻɽһ޾ŭӿ
ãҾͽŹŵ֮Ӹȡ֮ҲþŹŵĹųϼʶҵ
˵ţһͲٿʶӣһɢŹϢʶȥ
ţ
ʱīٿŽ壬ܲܰһ飿
ԣ׻æͣ˹ƣһȵؿī롣
īǰҲֱ˴ˣʲô飬ܷԸ
һЦ⡣
ϣܹȡʥȪȵʶӣ
īҧأ׶ƺ˺ܾõչҪ
ʲô
ȡʥȪһʶӣ
׵ʱɫ䡣
ͬʱһˣһȻ۷׷ס
ī뵱걻ʥȪȸƺģһйڣȻŹ
˵īҲǷǳģΪһ˵Լ̵񣬸ǳΪһͷͨԼˣ뾡ǧټƵҪأѪˣ޶ԣ
ʥȪѾΪīǰһĽᣡҪᣬɲף
һˣһп
Ϸ֡ҹһˣΪ֮һһһֹŹֵī롣
ȻûϵīһҪ
ȡʥȪһʶӣ
Ϊһˣīǵάһ壬ң˺ȻѾױʥȪȸ͸ġ
īǰ㿼ǺҪǿǺˣ̾ͿԳ֣һʶӸȡ֮
һ
ңҡ
īһΣһʱ侹֧֧ᣬЩ
ڳһ˵ȣ΢΢̾Ϣҡͷ
ȻīȻʥȪһ廳ģǣһ壬վйеģҪصУΪһһԱ
ҪȻīҲԥ

̨ھŲ̨ϣײҡͷпһȰ˵īǰȰ㻹ǿǺ˵ɡҲϣΪһʱ嶯еҾǳֵá
īһû˵
Ž壬ȡһʶӶԣߣ˿ʶȫ顣Щߴ֮ӣǸ顣
ٻЦ
ڰٻУߴʵûһöǰٻĳˡ
ײһЦ
Ȼ˵׵ʶڲںһödַ׭ǣҲܹȡһʶӣܹ˿ʶȫȡ
ԣٻȫܵġ
ɣһǾȡŹŵ֮ӡ
һ˾
Ϸ֡ҹһˣϲЦտ
ಡ
ٿأʱھŲ̨ڲһīʶӣҲʶڲɢһһּа񡢱Űյĸо
ţ
ǺηʥʶڲȻɢһ
üͷһһĺ档
ʱһϯҪ̽еʶӣǣ֮еʶӣһַǳƮõĸоѾƾʧһ㡣
طȻܹԼʶӶǸ֮
ҵʶӱҪѷɫ١ȻĻҲʾͼԼӶӹҵɱ¾
һ
˵ҰеʶӣʶӣһЩͬ
ʶӣȪĽ֮£þӨ͸ˮһ
Ψֻһöʶӣͨī̺һԵӵаϢ
Ž壬ǱǺıǾ֮ӣųơħ껣
īǺһֱ컯ɾеĽأ̲ؾءǣգһУʮа˾ԻųǺڲͳһΪɣʮֲӡУһԱǾΪ𣬱Ǿһӣ츳ˣųƷħ껣Ǹʮаļһ



1225 
Ǻ𣿡
һЩ
ڱǺһˣǱȽİġȻһˣڶ̶̵ʮʱڣ˺ĵشҲŵĵй֡򶴿һ壬һ壬ʥȪһ壬ŹŵŴ塭һ̶ȵ˽⡣
ǣڱǺȻһ֪
ʵϣէˣ컯ɾڱǺҲһ֪⡣ֻ֪Ǻڲ̲֮ؾأǣڲľַǳıңеʿһǾһ˵Ǻ֮Ϊ֮أҲûʲô⡣
׵˿ⱩǺͺеĽһ㽣ȴ
Ž塣
ʱī΢΢һЦҪȡǺʶӣҲǸǳѡ񡣡
ţ
סϷֵˣȫתͷī롣
ϾǺˣٻȨƣ̡ҪǽħʶӸȡˣȻԼһǿСǣҪٵ鷳϶ҪȵҪ١
ī
ԣһˣһͷ
ī˵û
ٻͷһЦǺڲԹ˲ϾٻֺĵشսۡҲٻ˽ĵشѰҪǽħʶӸȡˣǱǾģҪ׷ɱ㣬ܹǲҲܶࡣ٣ܹһεĴڡ
ǣгһ˱ǺôҪˡԱǾڱǺеҪնɱ㣬ֱ׾١
ٻһһʮط
׵˵ͷ
Ҳá
΢΢һЦҾѡȡħʶӰգ
˵һȻŹŵޣ졣ʵϣЩȫԹųϸĲɽŹŵĺ𲢲󡣲ֵþŹŵ㾡ŵ׸Ͼɱ
ǣ׵ҽŹŵʶӸȡ֮ô϶᳹ŭںĵشΪֲȻ
ʱҪǧټƽ׸ϾɱģɲֻйųһˣŹŵ¶޲ý״ңǧС
Х̨·һ˵ȣȫ׹һĿ˸˸
ȣ
ֻһͺȣ׵ʶӣವһһöڵ͵سֵʶȥ
䡭
ʱһֲĺƵƣֱӽħʶӸѹƬɿɢ
ţһöں˅dַ׭ʶӣ̨Ϊһ塣
ȥ˾ǣ׵ʶӣλھſʶӵ룬İ˿ʶӣһ׵ʶӸڵУƺѾȷϵĵλ
û뵽˵бǾĶӷħгһҲᱻ˸ȡ֮ĿãҶȻģ
شʱ˿̵ķħ϶ץˣϧҪѩޣҲûʲôˡһҪȡŽʶӣһܵ顣ҪҵİףԱǺںĵشҲǴ롣
ӣǺķħֻưͳԻп˵ˣ
һһϲЦտ
ͬʱ컯ɾе飬Ҳһп۷׷ס
ڸŵĸ߲㳤ϣڿ׵ʶӣȡ˱Ǻķħʱȫһо˵ӹһ١
ףνְֺޡ
ǣڽһʱ䣬컯ɾһ嫵˳ţϵڿഫ׵ĵϸ׵̬ȣҲ̥Ϊ˵
ɹˣ
촽һȻЦ⣬νͲⱩǺķħ껣ǲʩչԼʶӣҲע⵽ὫʶӸȡ֮
ڣħ껣Ϊµĵʯ
촽һЦ
ವһƴչһڰлһĻߣԴ
Ȼ׵״̬ʮǣڻ˳̨Ͽ̨֮ڤڤ֮жһ˿ӦھŲ̨µĸ߶ȣûʲôѹ
֣
֣
Ϸ֡ҹһ˵ȣ׷׷ǰ׸̧Ÿ߸˦߿գһʱ䣬ֱģֿЦһȺͯ
缸ҳɹˣûйǵ
ЦݲãԶеϲá
СӣҸе
īһϲҾ̨ʱʵҵҲûеסֻ֪ΨһϣϣãҲҪƸۣ㾡ȫû뵽Ҵһһϲ
īипǧ
ܷϵھŲ̨ףеʶʿΪǳ롣īй𣬻мʶİٻ룬һΪīǷˡ
ڣīɹ֤Լжϣ׻˵ħɻһΣī׿νǳ׵׵ķһѡ

ȴ컯ɾ飬׷ˣ



1226 
𡭡
˳ڳ̨һʶӣѪɫΪܣХͣצ·衣
ণ
Ȼ˫ҲǷĵļ
֮˵ƽϷ֡ҹ˵Ĵӵ֮£״ǵߵ鸴ӵСزǰ΢΢һЦСزлҴīšҪȻҾûлڳ̨һʶӡ
˵ţ׼Сز⡣
Сزû뵽׾Ȼ˵ǫѷò
ԭΪڻǫ́Ͽ֮󣬻ĿˣСز׸ֱַ̣ġȴһ漣νǺشСز
׵ʶӣǿԽСزʶӸȡ֮ģûô
ȻûôѾԭֺСز˱΢ĳ֮УҲҲˡ
һƣԭԶСز䳰ȷʤߵ̬Сزѿ˭룬ײûôƺѾСز֮ǰĸֱַ̣ģȫ֮Ժˡ
ؽСزɸеһ죬ҲЩ
ӦýҵʶӸȡģĻҾͿö֮һɱȶҲ÷ֳһ
Сز֣ס׿ƣ˵
ƺȻЩԽʵ
ϷɷһۣЩ޵ؿСزֹСزȻӲ˭ʤ˭һĿȻôѵҪȹһ֪
ǺǣԵĻֻҪԸ⣬ҿʱ㡣ڲУﲻǾ֮أһҪһİΣش󣬾Ͳܴ󶯸ɸˡ
΢΢һЦ絭ػӦСز԰ơ
Ȼ׵ʮֻͣ˵ʱʱ̴Цݡ
һϯСزĶУȴⲻζ
ʲôֻҪСزԸ⣬ʱԷ㣿
ƺСز׵Уʲôǿľ֣СزҪʲô׼κʱ򶼿սʤ֮
Сز޵
Уᵽһ㡪ڽ·;УһİΣСزҪػζʲô
ζСزһ壬ûԼҪף
ȻСزһ壬ҪػԼİΣôСز֮ĸ𱰣ѾͼӰô
ҪԸʲô
һˣСزСϣʱǵһƬͨ죬ƺ͸ƻ̲סҪҧһڡ
ޣһļһ
СزһĹĵģҪ䣬ȴҲɡ
СزִεģϷ֡ҹһˣڰ಻סôЦЦú飬Цü̱ʹСز꣬޲һطȥ
׸ֶվһԣ¶Ц
Ž塣
ī֣Ц㻹ǵãӦ㣬Ҫ͸һĴʱ򡣡
ԣ˫һ˷ܵش궯˫֣ī롣
ʲôĴ
ȻֻԪ磬еı٣Ѱ׵ķۣƲʲô
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһ󼤶ƺѾµīеĴʲôˣһ
Ž壬Ҳʶˣǿۼĸ֡ҵ񣬾еϵ
ī벢ŽͳһЦһӡ
ʲôһϵ
Ȼһ鲻Խͨͨ
ûϵīеĴ񣬾Ȼ봫˵еۻϵ
㿴ʲô
īһӣһƬƬɫӴϯÿһƬ磬̺һֹ϶ǿϢϸƣؿ֮ԿŸָĹϷģһͲǷƷ
ţ
ʲôÿֲϢѵǻĹף
һ󾪺īǰĪǼ˻ĹףҪתҰɣգ˫һؿī롣
īҡͷһЦĶĻֻǻĹףֵСʮƬףɶǻıף
˻
δ䣬ȫȻһˣһضʮƬĹףˮһء
ıףǲɶõıκ˶󣬲ÿһʿӵĸ
ʲôЩףǻıף
ײһʧ
ţûɣīǰȻõ˻ıףҡͷԣǿŹһī룬ǰ㾿ôõģ
Ȼ׿ɲΪīǴӻڣʮƬסϾ۾Ļǰī뱰΢ľͺǾµһֻϰˡ
ͲҪٸʵˣֻҪ֪ʮƬףףһƷ㴩֮պǿУܹȫöࡣ
īһЦ۵Ŀ⣬һ
ʲôҪʮƬ͸ң
һʱԴҡúƲ˹һУԲСȻ֪ʮƬ׾ôõģ֪вɶõĴԵһСûʸȡ֮
ңѾӵһܹϽۣͬʿУһĴڣҪʲôס
̬ȼ



1227 ౦
ԣڳһ˵ȣʱһ󾪺ʧɫһؿס
ţʲôŽϽۣȻԲһ׿ķ
ŽϽۣƷʼѣǲܹҲǳǿǼֱһ޼֮ڣҲضá
Žϣжûйš
һˣһǿŹһס
СزСһĿ⸴ӵؿס
۱
Сزһһ峤ƺû׶ࡣ
׵Ужѵɽ衢ʯдȪŵǣһԪСȻӵһǹ
׵Ͻۣһ׿ף
չıСزĽʺˡϰ׹֮û¶ıǾ͸˼ˡ
˵еıκһ龳ֳ
Ž壬ҵһƬ⣬ζ¡
īһײԸԼʱЩѾ˳˳̨ϿɣܿͻصȥʱҾҪֱټ棬Ҳ֪ҪáӣļվҶﲻæҸеǳҪܹʮƬ׸£ﻹܺһЩ
īؿףƺԼ⣬һָԸС
īǰ
ҡͷһЦģһص֮УǿĿɽиֵͬܣЩֵܣں壬ѰʿԡԣҸҪʲôס෴ʮƬףҴ鷳
νƥﻳ˵ľ
Ȼǳıףһ̬ȼؾܾīĺ⡣
Լǡ
ֵ˵ͷڹ֮ϵһеϴı̫̫ۣ࣬˵ȷʲô£пܻ֮˵죡
īǰͷİɣڲǿŲ𾳵ĸϺһţǻĹңҪԣҪúõһʮƬ׵ãҲôҪ
ϷһЦ
īǰЩֵڣϴءУǿɶаԵˣûʲôηηβĵ
졣
Ȼ˵컯ɾиֵһᣬһֻֻп޵ϡǣһص壬ǱһÿһһѰʿȻǡ
īǰҲѾǫ́Ͽӣʱص컯ɾ֮УϡϾһҪػһİΣְ
׵һЦ˵컯ɾеİΣǷǳҵǣҾãʮƬףԼã㷴һ׽֮󣬾ǿУҲһԱ֮
һ˵
ҷԴĴͬī컯ɾУһͷͨ˵ö֮
īȻҪס
ǣҡ
īһ飬ůůģû뵽ܹס޴ջ󣬽īİΣڵһλ
ˣλ
أתͷ֣˵ؾǾ֮أظŵѾӿ˺ĵشҪץʱ䣬Ͻ뿪
ԣ˷׷׵ͷ
īǰ
תͷī룬Ҿˣıнжأ·վΣһѯʵī롣
£һѾΪ򶴿һͷ֮ǧټƵҪϾɱ
һˣָոڳ̨ϴչ׵ӰӡԺ֮У²¶档
ȥֻīΪʡ
ǣδ䣬һ˾ͱ˲ͬ۵㡣
ⲻ̫ðɣīǰȻӵ龳Ϊֳһ״սһɳ졣ǣʮУʥȪȵͷͨǱ˸ϳ롣
ûǾԲܽһͨϡ
һˣƺī벢ġ
׿Цһεٻ롣
ʵҲԸīðգǣҲֻīΪʡ
ٻͬУ֮ī뻹Ҫ̲Ǹŵö֮Ĵڡοİٻ룬ѾΪһ飬Ҫˣվ
֮⣬ҲֻСز׵ʵΪˡ
ǣ˶ѾڵھŲ̨һʶӣһٳ֪϶Ҳ鷳
Ϸ֡ҹһˣʵ̫ڲյĺĵشνǴ粽С



1228 ǿϮ
Ҳֻг²ˡ
ٻһʱͬ׵飬īһڤݷǳءѰ龳֣Ҫץסī룬סǶıУֻҪ̫Ľɫܹ˳ѡ
һսʤǿУҲ̽Žٻ˺ѳһռѷ죬ռ֮а
ٻ뷢ˡ
һʱĬаԹԡ
ȥ·;ңԶԸֵܹװգīܵѹ³һʼ߶ԪԾԾԡ
ȣīǰ򵼡
׳ŵ
ণ
·衣
˵ȵӳ棬ȻѾջǧֻвٷɢڸȻ˵ܹӵĵʮޣչҲܹṩһ
£׵£һˣһֿ׼īıڲ
˭룬ʱԶ֮һ⼫ЯһŵĿֲƣ˲佫˵עסˡ

̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
һɤƽըһ㣬쳹ĤһЯһǵĿֲƣڳһ˵ĸҲ
ǺηʥȻӵ˿ֲƣ
ƣûжϴӦһ𾳽ĸ֣
⣬ǾȻһ𾳽ĸ֣ӣǽ·ţҪҰˣ
һˣŵϥǷɫ
ţ
Ϣƺ򶴿һ壡
΢΢˫
ͨǸˡ
ٻһͲ³˵ݡ
䣬ڳһ󵨲ľԼĶ䡣
ʲô򶴿һͨˣû뵽һ峤ȻԳҪһϾɱ
ͨɲʲôǵģŽ壬죡˺ѳһռѷǸУ
һˣһʧ룬һͨţŵûɢϥǷ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣɫϾĿ絶
λ
΢΢һЦɫʮֳǲǶƿصķȽϺ𣿺ܿ죬Ҿͻøλ۸ʶһɱ֮ķ壡
ԣ΢΢һһֿŰ׳һ񣬿ס
һĪǷ
ѵ֪ԵǿУǲ𾳽ͨ
ȻϽαͼչֱǲ֪
ܿ죬ĺ⣬;Էɵ˾˲ǧ׵ĸ߿УͷһˣһϮۣĿ繳磬ɲ⣬էһۣ;׹Ԩȫһܿԡ
˺Ȼǲ𾳽ͨ
ͨһλã˫Źڤڤڿٻһ˲䣬һЦıóһܿٻͻᱻĩȥλֵܱѩޡ
Ӵǣͨһ峤𾳽ĸ֣ԸôһˣõԳ̧ˡ
ٻζһЦͨ񣬳Ũĳޡ
˵䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫӵ׵ʱ׼׵ı֮زز
Բӡٻ룬㵱Ҳһ绪ߴŵ峤㶼ȻѾΪһˣҲҸ㹻ء
ܻͨһɨţɵ˫Բһ˼ؿٻ룬ʲôٻ룬ȻֻʣˣƺƺǽԼһ飿
δ䣬ǧһˣȫһһȵؿٻ롣
ٻǣڻûɱֵһ֮󣬾ͻָ˰ٻӵòһ
ʲôٻȻѾˣΪһ飿
ٻԪ϶⽫Լһģһܹ
ò˵ٻһѾԪľ϶ֻأ
һˣһĿ¶ؿٻ롣
ܡ
ڤڵ֪ٻѾΪһһɲǣɵɫ䣬ٻΪʲôѾˣһҪңȥֵܱѩأ
һˣڤ͵սȭͷ죬ˣˣΪһ飬ҲˡһҾͻὫ꣬ûɢ㳢ͷ
ǿ쿴Ǹ崿ƤŮǵϵھŲ̨׵֮ӡ˵ȡʨıʨ
ŮȻǰٻĺ丸ӣ
ޣǣٳڵ츳ѪΪջӰΪ峤µ꣡
һˣСز̲һ˿ͺڿŽ֮һ



1229 ذը
֮ǰ򶴿һĸ߲㳤ϣСزİ׷ǳ棬һʱ²СزʵݡҺڤСزйһ֮Ե֪СزһĴˡ
Դˣ峤ͨһ˶ЩŽɣ̫һѾΪ˵İٻ룬ȻܹСزž
Ȼʱ˿̣Сزĳ˵ǰʱ˶鲻Խؾ
Сزĳ֣򶴿һӼᶨҪһϾɱľϡ
ϾСزչֳ츳Ѫѷɫ۷ʱڵİٻ룬Ǽ̳˰ٻ²Ϊһһε峤ô򶴿һ壬ĵشһǳв
Ϊһ峤ͨԲ鷢
˭룬Сزĳֻ֣һθСˡ
һ忴ȺеʱɵһʧһذըĿࡣ
ţҿʲôǸ½ĳ֮ӣȻҲ
ӵſž츳ѪҲ֪õʲôĻԵȻܹʶڲںһödַ׭һ⽫ԭȵھŲ̨еľſʶȡ֮һǸţһвŵ֮ӣҪʶӸȡĿǰûϣģ
ÿһǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣµͬһʱ䣬Ҳʱʱ̶̿ĵҹԵΪһи˸ȡԼʶӡǣȴûַգΪںһödַ׭ʶӣͺƵõ˹˵ıӣûʲôʿֿԣͼԼʶȡ֮
ӵ츳Ѫʮֳ׿ں˅dַ׭ʶӸβơǣӵıȴΪ壬ǿҲֻʥ磬ֻҪų֣ҵӣ̿նݳӽ󳹵׸ǡ
ţŵĸ߲㣬Ѿ࣬ʼǧټƵشӵ䣬ҪŴûеϳ̨ۣ֮ù˵²֮ǰһնɱ󻼣
û뵽ӾȻٻһ·ˣ
ٻδҲ̫˰ɣһСزѾƾˣȻһžţ
򶴿һˣһ۷׷ף׵񣬾ͺӽֱ֣ð⡣
ȻϡţҲٻһ·ġڿӵϵھŲ̨׵ʱҾͷǳơһӷǳҴû˵ʮа˾Ųߴӵϳ̨λãƺκһߴΧռ䣬һʱʵǵϣ
ǣСزϳ̨󣬳̨ĿռʮңɺХֹֿܳʵǵȶռ䡣
ΨһĿԣֻаٻеɫʯٳһȶʵǵ㣬ӵϳ̨
û뵽ҵƲ⣬Ϊ˰϶ʵĻŭţ
ͨһİȻЦ⣬׵񣬾ͺһֻѼӣЩȲҪУá
δ䣬Ϸ֡ҹһˣȫΪ֮һһ
ڣһˣҲ棬Ϊ
û뵽ͨ˵ͷͨȻܹôƲһΪ˻飡˳ϣҵǵĲ֮
ͨı֮϶ûкùӳԣ
ˣͨ˵ٻһöɫʯʵǵģ֪һ¡ͨûи״ǰٻһֱƭǣ
Ϸҹֵˣɵ
λʦʦáͨȻ˵峤һöɫʯʵǵģһñ˿ͨ
ǺǣҲͨ϶ǹªţûŪ״
ԣ˵ǵ峤ٻ룬ڳΪɽ֮ǰɽһеĺĵӣصɽ֮Уһסɫɽ֮Сÿǧ꣬ͻᵮһöɫʯпܣ峤ӵһöɫʯǣɫʯܹһȶĿռأ
֪ˣͳ̨һҪĲϣɫʯȻ̨ڲҪɫʯô峤ӵһöɫʯһ̨ܹĳϵһٳһȶʵǵ㣬Ҳûпܣ
һˣһ۲ֹ
ܿ죬һˣ͵õһ˵Ľۡͨ˵飬пġٻ벢ͨһñ˿ͨؼʵǵ㣬һöɽɫʯ
ûϵٻĻ֮Ȼ֮УԼ˶ڹС



1230 ؿɽ
ʲôٻһöɫʯʵǵģ
Ϸһ󾪺
֪ȫͬѵǰٻƭǣ
üͷһ
Ϸһһв޵ʱ̣īɤʱ˵Ժ
λ
ҲûʲôʵϣѾٻİϷˣǣΪ˼ɣûֱӲ𴩡
ī΢΢һЦʵٻôҲǳ⡣Ͼɫʯ̨ܹһصϵڳ̨Եκεص㿪ٳһȶĿռ䣬ֹã̫ˣνƥﻳٻй¶һķǱһƭˡ
ԣϷҹһˣʱͷ
ò˵ī˿˿ۣǳе
ǧļһһͽҵѸ£ֱҪҸ
ٻһݺݵضͨ
һǳ׵Ļ˵Ŀɱ˵ĻͨѾʬˡ
ûϵҾȻЩСһҵˣһǿһٲͷ֮ģҾԲǻյģ
ͨЦԶеĿϲ
ڤһˣҲŷЦģſ̬
һˣȫɫҰףŵøεѣɢ
ϷҹһˣȴһЦؿ𾳽ͨȫȻûһľ֮ɫеֻǵζЦ⣬ͺڿһϷ
Ψһ𣬾ǻϷеһӡ
ҪǸһ𣿡
һƣ˼⣬ƾǣδҲ̫ˣһ뵽Լƿصķ壬õʵɱ䣬׾ЩȲҪչˡ
ȻˣҲûء
أͨ׵ֹͣЦһζؿٻ룬ٻ룬ֻҪϽɫʯ׸ңô̾ͿԷһ·Զ߸߷ɣΣ
ͨ͸ٻ빴ճһͼ
ϧٻǸµһ۾ͿͨĻԡ
Űٻһ·
ޣ
ٻҿ϶ͨɱҲһĸ֣ѾΪһİٻϾɱ
Ϊһ翵Լɫʯ׳֪֮١
ңİٻ룬ɽ˵Ǻ޾ɫ
ͨҲԼĵУߴ֣ҲûܽɱһȺҷΪܹҸϾɱˣٻһֿŰ׳յͨ
ͨȫһȮҧֱ죬޲ýٻ̻ˡ
򶴿һˣ𾳽ĴȻٻ裬ǿ벻̣
ţͷȻӲ峤˲𾳽ĸ֣ǽնȻһ
ڤЦÿŽ֮˵ٻ롣
𣿡
ٻ뵭һЦһЦϧȻǳ˵ҵǵĲ֮ǣѾҵһǿĿɽƾǵʵ޷һë
ٻ׵νİٱ
ʲôûɣ˵ҵһɽƥУ
ʲôĿɽܹ޾岻𾳽֣ǿģ峤Ƥӵӳ죿
ǺǣҿٻͷӲѣʼˣ
һˣһٻ롣
ڤͨȴԸоȣʱܻɢȺϸϸ˼顣
գڤͨעȫеīϡ
ʣڳ֮УīϢΪۻġȻīΪɫѪ츳ѪҲǿѰģīδؾѪԣ츳ֻΡΪһ龳ĸ֣ǲôױԵġ
ԴӰٻΪһ֮īٲȻѾΪһһеĵһ֡
ңһΪǺηʥԭֻһHС
ͨ嵭бһī룬ɵЦһٲȻûнī
Ҳѹ֡
һ𾳽ĸ˵龳֣ͬһֻϣ֮ͿԽѹ
Ͼ龳벻𾳽֮䣬һǵ蹵ʵɱ䡣
ݹ컯ɾ龳飬ڶ࣬һţ龳ĸ
ǣ𾳽飬Ҫٵöࡣ
컯ɾ飬𾳽ĴҲƿĹ
գٻһ˲𾳽ͨУνʮϵûܹԮ
СӣǺηʥٱ峤ɱС䣡
ڤһмؿī룬ʵ
ʣڤͨȫܵؽī˰ٻĿɽ
˵龳ī룬ٲȻᱻͨС



1231 ʥȪ
ڤޱȰɤī벻ɵһ󷴸УʱЦһвգʥȪīҲ
䣬ڤɵΪ֮һ
ʲôʥȪһģ
ʥȪһ壬ڤηġ
һ̣ڤһһؿī룬Цҵ˭ԭǸСͱʥȪĵù˵ѾʥȪȵͷͨ˵ö֮
û뵽ΪһͨȻеĵشҪ㣬͹һƫƧش϶ˣ
ڤһЦīмˣղŰٻڿ˵ҵһǿĿɽһԣɣûв´㻹ûнʥȪȵĻѪоѪɣƾʵܲսʤһһ⣬ǲ𾳽峤ˣ
ڤԴҡúƲ˹һ
ͬʱһˣһЦһЦЦǰϡ
ģʲôſģһȺƵĶ
ƿڴ
ϷҲ֣޲ȥնɱǧٸ
Ǻǣ˵ûҵȷʲôǿĿɽǣֲЦ
īζһЦԿڤ˵ֵܣҲ龳ĸ֣ǣ֣ǰٻĶ֣ڣλֵܸǲұУ㣬Ҳֻǽӹһ١
һĶһȺҷ
˵ţīһµؽһ״˳
״֮ϣ˸ž죬ÿռһҲ
ৡ
̼䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫĿͶīеĶ״֮ϣһ֣Ŀࡣ
쿴ϵĶ״ȻīУѵϱīɱ˶ᱦˣ
ôܣӵŶ״ڱó׹֮ʵ龳ĸУνǳܹ֣ͣңϵߣóȻ֮İëԲܳʲô⣡
ī룬츳ƽƽΪҲϡƽΪܹȡϵĶ״п϶è壡
ڳһ壬һ˼ضīеĶ״һʱ侪ʧ룬۷׷ס
СӣеĶ״ǴӺζ
ͨһһϾسѯʡ
īʼһνǺǣ˵Ⱥ׳գ黹𣿡һ٣һҵī벻ɵһܣ˵һĶëѾȫҵɥ״ҵսƷ
˻
δ䣬ȫһƬȻһǿɱһѽѣ˫Ѫ޲ǰīҧ븹С
ţûɣëȻī
īĪѾʥȪȵĻѪأѪĻôӵ˾ʵ
һС֣Ȼ򶴿λĳϸնɱˣޣվԲܷŹӣ
һˣһҧһݵģ
ʲôȻëȫնɱˣ
ڤ͵شһԭһмɫ̼䵴Ȼ޴档ȡ֮һ֣Թ
ʵ˵ڤʵȶëеκһǿǶë֣ôڤûһʤ㡣
񣬶ëȫīУ
˵ʲô
˵īսҪڤ֮ϣ
ҿһ򶴿ߵ峤ͨڶĻƾڤһǧī뵶
СӣȻɱԱ󽫣
ͨڣ͵ϯһ糱Ŀֲƣÿռ䱬ѣž죬ܹǹƥնɱëôҲֵԶˣ
˵ţҪ֣նɱī롣
ţ
ʱϷǰһǳһ
ʱڳһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽Ϸϡ̽ϷֻԪ磬ʱЩͷȻȫûнϷ
ԴˣϷ⣬ֻ΢΢һЦζīǰѾ˵ˣǵĿɽѵͲʶһصĿɽ˭𣿡
ڤͨһۣһ
ˣҲͲˣھ͸ǰգ
һãȻڤͨϷ׵ԣ¡ؽܵλţҲˣû½֮ӣѾ˳ڵھŲ̨һʶӣңʶڲںһödַ׭˫
Ƕô˽⣬ҿԸǼ򵥽һ¡
Ϸɤӣһһʮؽ



1232 ţС
λžţףӵŻĹʮеһŽ壬壬ͬʱҲҵֵܣ
Ϸ˵ƺΪ׵ֵܣϷԺ
δ䣬һˣȫĿ࣬ԼĶ䡣
ʲôûɣӾȻ壿δҲ̫˰ɣ
û뵽ӾȻӵŴ˵еŽ壬ڴӿ漣ı֣ӵʲôҲˡ
ޣȻ˵ھŲ̨ףʶںһödַ׭˫ǣ侳Ϊ»ī룬ܹΪٻĿɽһ˾ˮ֮У
һˣھȸп֮࣬һЩɡϷȫӽſڿӡ
ৣৣ
ʱڤͨʶͶףز̽׵ľΪ˵ǽײһ׳졣
ԭΪҲӵʥΪΪ˰ϻűֳԪʵ
ǣֲӵͨᲢ۵ľΪ
ϾӵŲ𾳽磬ô׾ͿԳھʮŲ̨ףڵھʮŲ̨һʶӣڵھŲ̨һʶӡ
ӵٺõԼʵľΪҲȻƭ̨
ţֻԪ磿
֮ڤɵ³һһĲ˼飬һԪСӣȻ˵ھŲ̨ףǺķħȡ֮ˣ
ڤһĭѾ֪˵ʲôǺˡ
Ǻǣǲӽˮ˰ɣһԪСӣҲ𾳽ĸǰľͺһֻϣȻҲҷųԣ
ͨɵ̿һЦ
ǲЦһ֪ˡ
촽ҡͷһЦһͽһıǹ˳ʱ磬һɿֲϯһΪ֮Ŀ
쿴һ
һԪСӣȻӵһûˣ
ǺǣǴӵһҲԲ峤ͨĶ֣Ҫ˶ãͻΪ峤սƷ
һ۷׷ס
ǣǡ
һ循ĿУ˹ңڵĽɫѪӿγһƬ󺣣ӿ˱ǹ֮У˲۳һȫ۶ɵ
֣Ҫʲô
֣ǧһʱ嶯
׵ľٶϷҹһˣԼһ壬ȫĿ࣬ŵɫ
̵ģƿصĴ編򣬿Զռѷ֮У׵ս
һ嶯֣ǣڽսУȫֳһ浹̬ơһϷһˣҲȻûлĻᡣ
Ǻǣ˵ˣҪǴ۽磬úøһƿصķ壬жôֲ
һɣһȻ΢΢һЦ
Сӣ
ڤһ׾Ȼң֣ʱһ׼һĨɱס
˭룬ʱĿһĻˡ

ֻһĽһödַ׭ֳ˱ǹ֮Сʱһ糱Ŀֲƣϯ٣Գܡ
ţҿʲôһödַ׭ądַ׭һģһ
ӲôΪλõ˵ĴУ
֮ǰڳ̨ϣǻΪǹڴӵʶ֮ںһödַ׭ûϵӾȻܹһödַ׭ֱһ
ӵϣ϶һĻԵˣֻû˽ˣ
һˣǿŹһס
죬ſ֣
󣡡
һˣ׷ж߶Ԫſ֣Ⱥɷ
ԭһʥߵĹƣһ˸ǣ׵֮Уȴںһödַ׭ödַ׭˵ĴһޣͲòһĵˡ
һĪǵõ˹˵ĴУ
ͨɵôʧɫСӣھһףֻҪԸ⽫õĹɴУҷһ̾ͲΪ򶴿ߵϣ޾ٻͬʱҲȷİȫ컯ɾ֮޺֮ǣ
ͨ͸׻һ
һһ󾪺ʧɫ׸Ͷ򶴿ߣһ
ϾһòٻһޱնĴǸ˶֪ξ
תһ룬׵ƿڰٻУԣõ׻ġ
һˣһˣɰ̾ٻȼ֮



1233 ֮־
Ǻǣȸ֪֮־ΪһССϣܹ򣿡
ײɵЦһһЦ㽫򶴿ߵ峤λóңҲ࿴һۣ
׿ɲԸΪͨŪĿܣԣͨʢһҲġ
С֣ѾͷҴʴʣǻòͷˣ
ͨһھƲԳԷƵףҲûһġ
˵ӵɫʯİٻ룬ƿŴ編ףͨǳҪļĶ󣬶ͨ˵ŷǳüֵϧǰٻ룬ףͨʢмһˣͨҲûһ˺ķѿˡ
ѿ֮վ³ˡ
ΨоԵܹ˸׳Ƴ
ȣ
˭룬ûͨһ£ǧһնɱŹҵָɿ
ಡ
ֻһƿһ˲仮ƳգԳһ
˾ǣһ̺һödַ׭һԱĿֲƣϯ죬ƺҪض
ʲôһԪСӣȻӵ˿ֲɱ
ȫأ
ǧɱʱһæҡ
ǺǣֱǰŪ֪ߵغ񣡡
ѰĻҽȻͬǣڤЦһʱһ߶žĸӭǰȥ׼ֱӻûɵ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ̲һգ۵Ĺڤʹ߶ŷ
ֻϡһ̶ĽռΪ֮ҡΣ޾س˷ϯγһƬ󺣣һӾͽڤû
Զǧ⧲֮£Ҳвٵܲһ޵໲Һ
顭
֮䣬ռѣһƬưܾ˸εѡ
ţ
СӵĹδҲֲ̫ˣ
ͨһӣһεƣֱӽ񳱸˳ȥ֮ȴǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ҿʲô龳ڤƺмܣ
ֵĹ̫ˣ
ΪʮĹеһŽ壬ȻԲ𾳽ĸֵʱȻΣңڣȳƣ
ֵһˣһĿ࣬ǿһס
ϷŸոտʼ
Х֮У׵һЦһӣһεϯڳһ˵ȫУһ֮䣬ͿԽ˶뱦֮ڡ

ͬһʱ䣬һĻȻ˵֮С
ֻ׵ͺһһöаƴСądַ׭رѿƵȼıһһը졣
ţһɳĿռѷ죬Ϲ޵Ѫڣͻسڸ߿Уͬʱһɿֲ˷ϯһ˶ɵ޵׶һҪ֮飬ȫС
ʲôȻһռѷ죿
ڤƴسſһֵ֣Х񳱣Ȼһ̣ڤĲԶƾճһɳĿֲѷ졣
һռѷ츦һ֣ϯһɿֲ֮ƺڶһҪڤС
ʹڤӵ龳Ϊ֮ľڣһʱ֮Ҳѡ໲ҺһͱӲ˿ռѷ졣
峤
ǧһ֮ʣڤȣɤҪ޳
ڤûϵһ龳ĸ֣ȻᱻһԪСƵͶ·ǡ
һʱ䣬ڤζӳ¡
ԶͻһĻɫͨ󣬶Ϊ֮ɫ䣬һȻŸ߿еĿռѷ죬ʱ򣬻æ̯ƣһһ֮ӿһۿӵտɫ
һտɫĹһֻವһտɫĹͺһ˲仮գֱӽҪռѷеڤ廨ƴ
峤
ãҪֲסˣ˭ҡ
Ž壬ҾҲŹ㡭
ͬʱŽֲܲ˿ռѷ֮Уһʱ䰧Ұڤ֮С
ͻһĻһ׵ֵܿˣɵĿ࣬һŵǰݵһĻĻöûлع
ţҿʲô־Ȼһ˺ѳһɳĿռѷ죿
Ȼӵű챦磬ǣڳ̨ıԵشҲ˺ѳɳĿռѷûϵֵķھɱ֮󣬾Ȼ˿ֲȻԽ֮У˲˺ѳһ˵Ŀռѷ죡
ʹ죡Щ֮ǰ⣬һ߸ϵģһɱ˹룬ֻһغǽҴҲĵһ壡붼˸е죡
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһ־ϲ㵸



1234 
ӣ
һ׵׵ķӣ
һˣһĿ࣬ŵǰľԺ֮вԼͬظֳһͷ
ףֻԪ磬Ȼһ֮ںɱʵǶôֲս
¾龳ī룬ҲҪĪ
ǣ׵ڤ⧲֮£Щռѷ֮һغҿǧһ֮ʣͨ
ˣҲһۣһģһֻ˹
һ£ʱ˿ûͨڳǽһʲôĽ
пһֱӽ龳ڤأһͿǧȫû
ǹƥɱ龳ڤǧ飡
ò˵˿ֲսһԪʿ˵ֱ췽ҹ̷Ǵȥ϶Ȼ󲨡
Žķ壬ɱ֮֮ǿֱţʵ̫ڿֲˣ
Žƾƿصķ壬Ϳʤ龳ĸ֣־Խսɹӣһû˵
ѹŽһҪһ󶯸ɸģԭгһΣǴ۽磡
һˣһпĸ֮ʡ
һȻ˿ֲ
СزһһȻתͷףö˵
ûϵƿصķ壬ڷɱ֮󣬻˿ֲȻԸ˺ѿռѷ죬龳ĸ֣пһغ
ò˵СزģһĴݲС
ԭСزžϵƣԪףֻϳ츳ѪҪѷһǣսϣȴá
Ȼʱ˿̣Сزʶ׵Ŀֲɱ֮󣬲ɵҡ
˵ףƾɱķ壬ͿʤСز
ϾСزֻʥе̳龳ڤҪԶڤǰЩһغ
ɴ˿ɼСز֮Ĳ࣬жôľ޴ˣ
ҪǧС
ڤһۣѪȪһӿһŲҰ׵ϣ޲ǰ׸̻
ϧȻǳҪ׶⽴ңԽͷ֮ޡ
ǣڼʶ׵Ŀֲɱ֮󣬽ڤһٸӣҲȻԡָһڤһغ
ţ
ǳ
һЦٶȳңǣһΣ޾ѪҲƵӿ˹֮Уһٻû˰ֵ֧һǣÿһ֧֮У̺һödַ׭
ֻdַ׭֮ǰķ׭˵Ҫ΢Сһš̺ͬżΪֲ
ãСӷˣƺҪɱˣ
ڤȻһʧ
ԶٸҴ뾪ҲƵس˷ӿһռѷһغ
СӣԽԽ᲻ýնɱˡܹѧķ壬ҵľΪͬ׵ĲУҲûжֿԡ
ͨһпűǹϵİ֧֮Уûһľ֮ɫ
죬һһ򾡣
ҪܹɱͨƱؽΪһδ档򶴿ҲܿͻᱻߴΪ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһڴ
ɱ
׵ͺһָһɡ
ಣಣಣಣಣಣಣಣ
ʱ֧ϯһߣҲƵسһ
ͬʱ޾ϯҡػΣɽ顣֮䣬һư֮˻Ȼ֮䣬׹ڤ֮С
ţŽ˰֧
ӸǺã
峤ۣ
ҴֻһܵİɱʱϥǷܵûˡ
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣͨһ磬ವһûһտɫĹΣƾʧ١
ţͨӰƾڰ֧ǰɰ֧ԼأԸֶһƺҪѪ֮Ӳ֧
һĻһڤȫʧɫ
ţ
ײһһؿͨ
ৡ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲĿתؿͨ
峤
峤
һһʧ
Ȼ˵ͨ츳׿˵һɽе̳ӵŲ𾳽Ϊǣһռѷ֮Уֻͬ·һ
࣡
࣡࣡
˵Ŀȫ۽ͨϵʱͨƮƮ̧ƣһֻ̣һˮȵһ֧֧Ȼȫһ㵭տɫ֮УƱ˸˶һ˿
ʲôȻöյ˲ʯδҲ̫˼ˣ
ӣŽĹƣҲŻŻ龳ʿڲ𾳽ĸǰȻǵС
Ž˵ףϾֻԪ磬̫ǳֱͨ󿴴˵ϸҪͨಫȻǳ룡
һˣһ۷׷ס



1235 ˻
üͷ͵һ壬ʱһӣһε;ϯڳһ˵ȫ˱ڲ
һˣȫûз׽뱦С
һ̣һˣϷҹһˣȫƾճһƬɫϿգһŨѪΪ֮һ
Ǳ챦ôҲһԪļһȻܹӵƷ֮ߵı磡
ƺ̺ŴѪ֮ǰŽʵǳ̨ʱ򣬾չеѪеѪѾϡ˲١˵Ȼһıأ
Ըһܹ˳شͨƤӵӳ죡
һˣһڱ챦ڲһСУ챦еĽɽסˡڿһƬнɫѪ۶ɵ󺣵ʱЩˮ˳
ȥÿһɽٶ׸ߣľ죬һƬޱ޼ʣ֮ϣһ측֮䣬Զʱڡ
ţ
ţһƬӦþڱ챦Ļɣ
СزĿһ۾Ϳ·һƬ
ٻ˵ͷɫΪϾԵīһһʶ˱⣬ȫעش̽
硣
׵עһҴһȫ۽ͨϡ
ûϵȫļʸȻƽ޹ʵرڰУƾδ߶˿
Ű֧״ײɵöͷðڲ𾳸ֵַͨĵľη
ײûоʹ˷

ٿأֱ˰֧еһöödַ׭
Щdַ׭̺һĴ編һܹ̾˺ѳһɳĿռѷ졣ʱ򣬰ռѷͬʱ˺ѿ˵ͨ󶼻мܡ
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡ
ö׭̼䱬ըȻÿһödַ׭ƽˮıһֻһûнڲ̺Ļҩͷų
ȥödַ׭һտɫε£Ȼͱǧģ·裬תռ֮Уʧ١
û뵽ͨƿصķ壬ǿᣬȻƿصĴ編򡣡
һһп
ױƿصķ壬ڲ𾳽ͨǰֵһᣬ⵹Ҳʮ
ǣ״ӹ̳һִ編һִ編ȻֻǱɽһǣҲǳֲˡ˺ѳռѷɱС
˭룬һöö̺Ŵ編ķ׭ڲ𾳽ͨǰȻɿֽ⣬˻һööԭʼķġ
һĻ״ʧɫȫֶͨθסˡ
Ž壬Ÿʲôӣ
أī̼Ĵߴ쳹ϣγѡ
ಣ
ʱһΣΪһ⣬Զ˵ص׿ռ֮Сһգۣƾʧ١
ɹˣ峤ɹΣ
۹Ϊ𾳽ĸ֣ŽĵС峤ǰֵһᣡ
ڤһͨ赭дػΣɵĻŭš
ͬʱҴҲ裬㵸ͷӬһҴܡ

ͨһΣ³һƺdַ׭̺ķ壬ΪķѾ
ãŽҪӣ
˵ص׿ռ֮У
ˣƺѾŽıڲҪעһˣ
أһЩʶ׷ʧ
ţ
峤֣Ӹǧܱ߰
ڤ
һ̼ڤͨһĹž޲ڤϣʲôʱ˵СųˣһԪСŵɫһ٣ܵڤɫͨҲٳѵ⣬ģûܹҵƤӵߣοһԪСӣ
˵ţͨһϯ̼䣬ص׿ռһȫͨƿ֮С
ͬʱص׿ռļ
׶ͷðȫص׿ռ䣬ͬʱһӣֱ˺ѳһĿռѷ죬ವһһͷ˿ռѷ֮С
Ŀռѷ죬һЩصʯû֮ڿռ޸£ܿʧ١
ʱص׿ռڲϢƴûһ
һ˲䣬һǿ̽˵ص׿ռ䣬Ѱ׵Ӱϧͨ̽ĵص׿ռ䣬ȫûҵʲô˿
ͨһ󾪻ʧ롣



1236 ӳ
޾Ŀռ֮Уնȫǧ֮УƾֲϵسԼ壬أԺ
ա
³һɤ۵࣬ء
ֻҪ׶˿ռѷ֮Уǲ𾳽ͨҲûޡ
£һʶ컯ɾУ۲컯ɾеͨǿʶʱ򣬲ɵʧһ¡
챦ڲ
񣬽ƵصȴϢ
ϢŽɹ˿ռѷ֮Уӹһ٣
ī
δ䣬ȫڣһˣһ˷ܵ㵸Ц
ɹôҡ
Сزգգ˫ֹ
Сز㿴ô
ʱٻתͷЦ뵱ߴΧһ壬ʱ򣬶δܱȫˡֻżĸ֮ززڣԪŽ壬ȴڲ𾳽ͨǰؽеȫסˡһ㣬ҶҪ硣ţȵŽպΪһ壬档һܹҵһɽǵĸǧ򲻿£Ը˵ϲԴŽ壡
ڰٻĶ̣Сزɵص˵ͷ
Сز˰ٻһʮִϻۣǳԵĵȻ᲻ֻ״Сز𺳣һһ֮ĵλתҲʮͻȻһʱСزԽܡ
𡭡
ֻһХѪɫ˽ɫ֮Ϣ
߿еˣ˫Ź⣬ϣܹѪɫһɫ֮оؼȡѪϧǳ롣
ণ
ͬʱٻǧֻӳ棬ᳵ·سԶһӶȥһʧ˵֮С
缸ǸоûУֵı챦УƺŨˣ컯ɾƺҲˡ
أϷһ󾪺ղǳէֶעһʱҲûз֡һ˲ٵı仯
ԣ֡ҹˣ׷ɢ̽׵ı硣
Ƭ̺һզпͷ
ӣڻǫ́Ͽ֮󣬱ڲҲںһֵԴҪȻڲҲ˵Ũ
ҹһһʮط
˱ˣֵı磬ȻѾ˺ޱߣŨһЩ龳ĸ˵ҲѷɫЩͬʿ඼ʮ޷ֵıᲢۡ
ϷһЦ
ʮ
ȴǸоûʲôֵıѰı챦磬лɱΪĴڡǵı磬Ƿչ£ҲһСˡ޷ֵĴᲢۣ
Ϸһ۷׷׵ʱ̣Сزɫٶѿ˼֡

Сزδ׵ı챦֮ǰԴ˵еı챦ʮֺ棬˵ΪԼı粢ʲô챦١
ܷʵܹǸС
ԴСزһ뱦磬Сز̸ܵ˾޴Ĳࡣ
׵ı챦Сزʥı磬Щֵһᡣ˵׵ıᲢˣǿռ䣬Сزı챦İٷ֮һǧ֮һûУ
ǲ࣬Ĳ࣡
Ҫ֪Сزʥףֻһʥ߰ˣ
۾ΪСزɱ߳һ󾳽硣
ɵãСزУһּ褺ĸоʮ־ɥ
Ϸҹּˣڶݵ֮󣬺ܿϲЦտ̸Ȼһ·ϰ˻׵Ӱ֮¡
һ㣬СزҪöࡣ
Ϸͱ϶СزģתͷһСزһʹģûſڣԼֵòУһǷģ
λ
ͻأģһϴ֮ϣֳһǷӣȻס
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶ񷡣
ҳɹˣǾȺˣţͨһ˲ᶺ̫ãһ뿪Ǿͻص컯ɾ

ԣڳһ˵ȣ׷׵ͷһЦ
һˣǺ֮ʣ׸Щ˼
أɫһ䣬ĿһͶԶһ죬һľϲ֮ɫʲôȵӳ棬ҪƼˣ
δ䣬Ϊ֮һһؿס
֣˵ȺܿͿʮӳˣ
ҹݺݵһĭѯʡ
Ϸ֡ˣҲһϣؿסÿһ˵У˸˸Ź⡣



1237 ӳ
׼ص˵ͷ
ʲôʮӳ棿
Īǵʮֻ׻ȳ棿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һˣΪؿһˡ
Ȼ׿еʮӳ棬Щ
Сزٻ룬Ҳѯʵס
˵ӡУҲܹԦһֻˡˣҲѾǳֲˣΧش޼ɡ
˭룬׾Ȼڿ˵ʮֻ׻ȳ棬ʮ֣δЩˡ
΢΢һЦһһʮؽڽΪʥܹ֮ӳѾﵽʮֻ֮ǰǧֻĽ׻ȳзֳ˽ʮֻѡ
ʱȣҸȪιҵϳ̨ʱ򣬱˴Դֱ׳Ѹٳ죬ʮֻӳѾȫ죬Ըսˡ
׵
δ䣬СزɵƤһ׵Ϊӡ
ףһʥӣȻ˵òƴ֣Ϊιӳ棬ȻϧȪϣֱǱҪ֪һУȪʮıһ崢ȪҲָ
ûϵСزһһ峤ΧشôҲһȻûէļһӵеȪࡣ
ĸСزһθоµûš
ͬʱһˣʼҵ
ţʮӳ棡һʲôֱţ
⵶ƾʮӳ棬ȫΧشһƬɽ
û뵽һֻȻܹӵ˿ֲԤϵǣֻҪ龳ĸ֣ʮӳȫԺа˻ġ
һ̾
Ž壬ǿ۽ա
ٻϲЦտؿס
׵ͷһЦһӣʱһεϯֻһҡػΣһ̣˵ȶʱѾһ޷İɽ䡣
ӰɽȥؿһӴ̶ðŨһڣɵøо泩Ƣ
һˣһɴ˫Ըп
֮ǰ˵Ȫι׻ȳ棬һ˻Щţ̶ܵڲŨһ̾Ҳû˰ɡ
ȥؿ̶ڲؼһֻֻԼĪ̵ָĽ׻ȳ档
ÿһֻ׻ȳ棬ʰɫһס
ɫѰĽ׻ȳ߰˷ƣϸȥвͬ׻ȳıɫҪҲΪӲ⣬צ繳ƱޣȥҪѰĽ׻ȳ۾öࡣ
˸еȵǣ׻ȳĸ͸һѪɫĹâѪ˲
ণ
ವһһɫĹâԴ̶ڲȻһĵȡ
һ̶ϿգƺԵø˷ܣʳͣ
ȣ콫ʮӳȫٻôһ۸
һ¡
ণ
ȵһӦ
£ֻʳɿһʱϯ¡ţ̶ڲطɳһƬӳ档飬ǵأƻȳһ
̼䣬ʮӳ۳һյĳƣҲƵӿϲ񷣬һʱ䣬糱һӿһֺѹǳݵѹȸС
˻
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫһһɫ԰ף˫ϥ
ʮӳÿֲƣ˸оһͷϹޣƺʱҪ˶ɣ
Ҳֲ̫ˣʮֻ׻ȳ棬ƬնڵסˡѰʿǿһۣҪŵϣ
ŽǻԵ񣬾Ȼһֻĵȣ⵶ʮӳ棬԰ŽΧششһƬɽԼ
һˣһп֮ʡ
ҾԲһȺӻ۶ɵĳƣӵ˿ֲƣʥЩܲס
Сزһоѹֵûš
īٻ룬һЦֵúϲ£졣
׵õʮ׻ȳ棬Ƕī룬Ƕһ˵һϲѶûɲˡ
ٺ٣ȻϣЩĽ׻ȳ棬һ̶ȵɱ䣬ǸʵʵѰĽ׻ȳܹᲢ۵ġ
˫˸˸Ź⣬һ̬Ľ׻ȳ棬鲻ԽЦ
֣Щ׻ȳѵǳ˱죿Ϊθ˺ɫ
˵˵
ϷԸ꣬
ԣ׵ͷһЦʱɢʼ뵶Ƚйͨ
ণ
ʮӳ棬һ죬ϵʮӳûɸָƣ˵ǰʾ磬󡣴׵ָʾ󣬷Ź˳ͣ׽



1238 綾
ԼĪһյĹֹͣ뵶ȵϵİȻЦ⣬ͺ»òá
û뵽ӳ棬еĻҪ
ʮ˷ܣЩ׻ȳľΪ൱۷壬벽ԪֻһȻǵĸսͻǣֻ߰ӳ棬ԸһԪʥߣûġ
˻
δ䣬ȫһƬȻ
ֻ߰ӳ棬ܹɱһԪʥߣ
񵶷ʮӳ棬ζܹʥɵĴ
һʲôĸ
컯ɾ֮УѰϵҲ俹⡣
˵ֻҪԸ⣬һ£ͿõȴһƬɽռΪ齨һ̶ɽɣΪһ֮
Ȼվ棬޷ʿᲢۡ
ʿԼԦ鵤ҩƸָķ׭Уܹġ
ʮӳ齨ɵĳƣԿǧʥɵĴ
Ƿŵ壬Ժɨһ
ϵľ֮ɫ׵һЦǳҸеǣЩӳ棬ƺѾӵȵڼ̳һֵĶأЩأǾ綾ǳѰʥǲжһӵʱ䣬ͻѪҺ̣ʶѣɢʹһغ
ԣһˣǵһ
ЩΪɳĮ롢ʻʿһ̾Щ硣
Ҫ֪۶ԣһνмҡ
ǣѰĶԣЩĽ׻ȳɾҪһ
ʿǿѹѹһȺ棬ҪˡǲұȺû̼ҪʳɾһҶ
µǣЩ׻ȳڣ̲ž綾һУԪʿһûнҩҲҪһغֱ̫ˣ
û뵽ŽȻôһȺ
ڳһ˵ȣһզп
Ǻǣʮӳ˵Ǽʱ갡ʮӳ棬ҪӳĵشҪ׵öࡣ
īһοϲЦտ
˷׷׵ͷ
Ž壡
ʱٻͻȻһЦؿף㻿ĵԼʮӳ棬ǷҪȥ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶס
һǹϵҡҡͷѾڳ̨һʶӣӽ컯ɾҵһأһ᳣컯ɾҵĵڶ԰
컯ɾ޿ƵպҪͱҪӵԼԼĸǽ⵶Ⱥ壬ôȴӽҲزˣʮӳɵĳȺе˵෴ǽȺ컯ɾУȴǴ棬ԸΧشһƬɽպһص컯ɾҲܹһӦ
ԣٻ΢΢ü˵ͷ֮ϣȴǿϲŭ֡
īǰ
ʱ׾Կī룬˵мµʱ䣬ǾҪʱȥǸʱҾҪǷֱ𣬶ʱڿܻزҲڵ⵶Ⱥϣܹæտһ¡
ԣīһЦظĵֱ죬ģһȫȫذϳȺġֻǡ⵶ǩԼһҡ
׵һЦɲصǣֻҪһ£Ⱦͻƴӡ
˵ţһ´һ
ণ
һƺЩ鲻Ըվûз׵־˳īͷȦ䵽īļ֮ϡ
뵶֮䣬ǩԼȻԼô׵Ϊ˵ĵȣͱƴӡǩƽԼȵǿƾԼԸѡǷ׵ָ
ãã
żһĵȣīЦúϲ£졣
īǰȺ㣬ҲܹɱҲ԰뿪Ц˵
ī뵭һЦŽ壬ҵİΣǣңҵõ˶״δȫҳ˶״ٴĦڲ׵۴Уҵʵһɳ죬ټʮƬı׻ֻҪ̫̬ûʲôΣյġ
׵˵ͷ
ȷ
ī뱾ʵ龳ʿУͿΡõ˶״ʮƬıףǣīʵһ÷ǳǿ
ټϵʮӳػôֻҪǾްԼͲ֮ݡ



1239 
ʱٻСزʹһɫ
Сز΢΢һ첽ǰһֺõؿī룬īǰƸΪһϣǰҪ
ԣΪ֮һһµؿī롣
ʲôƸΪһϣ
īͷһЦȴǲӦתͷѯʵס
ʼ򣬲ûбԼ
īһӦСزұΪʥȪȵͷͨУǸһ嵱ϣһй¶ֻҪ鷳
ԣϵ飬պ̸
īίؾܾСزĺ⡣
һˣʱһ̾ϢСزҲЩȻˡ
īУԸһ鷳
ⲻֻһڡ
Ҫ֪һǾԵУûī룬ҲʥȪƲԣīô˵֮ʰˡ
Сز֮ҪīƸΪϣϣīܹΪһЧľػһ塣
Ͼī龳ĸ֣ӵŶ״ʮƬףҪ˶ãʵͻһɳ졣һ壬϶Ըһô
ǡ
ī벢ףҲûƿһС
ԣҪǿīػһ壬ȫǳ˵ΡֻܹȰīܹ׵ϣһ壬Ϊϡ
һһ岻ܹõһλ龳ĸּˣī뻹Ὣʮӳһ壬һĺôԶ
ǣֻҪīԸ⣬ȫԴŵʮӳ棬Ϊһ忪ؽԴһһɳ졣
ϧīܾСز飬Сزһ޿κΡ
Ž壬׼뿪쵶ʮӳ棬ΧشһƬɽɣΣ
īתͷֱӽ뷨ε˵˳
ৡ
ʱһˣСزٻ룬ȫһؿס
īҪռɽΪɣ
һīģ϶Լһֽϣһ᲻ǣԲһҪġ
īǰҲ뷨
˵Ŀ⣬׵һЦ컯ɾƵҪһպܹɾ͡ȻīǰһֽһǣҲһġֻҪһʲôҪ̾ͻϵԼһ빲
СزҪ֪īǰĸʵվ޵ģǣֻҪǽһѸٽ䷢չ׳ôһİʹˡ˵أ
ЦеؿСزԼһΪСزãΪһá
СزһΣֻƤЦⲻЦص˵ͷ
ˣȻˣǾ˵ˡ
һЦīļǰɽɣǳ֮ƣһʱҪһһӡĪꡣʲôѣȫȥһСزţ֮壬Сز϶˵ġ
īЦ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲЦ
ΨСزһˣһüͷЦá
һ졣ƿػһİΣ浽ڵãһȻǲһΪԼһûû꣡
СزǿƣС죬å۸˵Ů
СزĹĵģٻ벻ҡͷЦû취׵ʵĿãһܹôһĸ֡Ȼٻƿ׵Ҳֻһʱ֮ߣպ׵ľٻ벻һֱ׵İѱ
ԣٻԸ׽壬Ե֡Ƕ˺Ƥв׸һţ
ҲΪʲôٻСز׵ԭ
ϣгһգٻ벻ƿ׵Ҳܹػһ壬һ缺Сزеһ֣
Ǽֵܣֲսһ컯ɾдһƬ£ϧҲزˣ
Ϸһꡣ
ʮֵ컯ɾвսԵҪ뿪ȻЩ᲻ˡ
֣컯ɾпɣΪһ˻صиǽҲø缸ֺֺǡˣԺŷչҪʲôԴҲǼ壬ֻҪǼеģŸλֵܣһ˵󡣡
ҹظĵֱ졣
֡Ҳ׷ױ̬
żֵĵĳŵײһůͷ
һĻ˵УɵһĽʺޡ
һжڸ˳ؽΪֳڣ׼ɵʱ򣬸ֵܶԮ
ǣ˻ĹŶټңĹŷңĹżңػɽһĶ֧֣׽ţʷ棬жôĸ㣡



1240 ׳н
ת֮䣬ҹȥˡ
컯ɾУһ峤ͨ󣬽Ѱ׵䣬ǣͨ󽫵ص׿ռ䷭һ׳죬ҲҲ׵ټ
ò𾳽ͨץ
򶴿һ峤𾳽Ĵ֣ݹ컯ɾ飬ͨҲܹͨƥеĴڣһֶֻĹ
˵ֻҪͨԸ⣬ûܹӳͨħơ
ȻڣһԪСȻϢͨƤӵʧˡ
ͨ˵ֱܴ衣
ҹֹͨͣ˼Ѱ׵䣬ټǧ´һ
ȥҵһȫ巵򶴿ߡ
ͨһ


£ʮŲͬķӶȥ׼ͳɢڸˣ򶴿ߡ
峤ǻûҵǰٻ룬ѵҪѡˣ
ڤھ٣һŵؿͨ
ڰٻ룬ڤ޵Ĵ̹ǣԲԸʹ˷
Ž岻֪ǵʲôԵˣܹһ޵ądַ׭˺ѿռ䣬ңܹƾʧӰ١
ͨ΢΢̾ϢһҡͷпǰٻŽػңˮץסһݣö֮شҵƤӵӳ죡˵ŽȻܹҵƤӵӳ죬ô컯ɾУҲûʲôܹҵˡ
ķʱҪ׷ɱ˳ᢣһ׳н
ͨ΢΢˫ɱŽ
׳н
ڤһһؿͨ
Ǻǣıǳ򵥡Ž岻ôȻ壬ôصȥҪģ˽壬Žĵϸһ
ʱһԳŽɱֻҪûŽıӻٻһͺû˸ĸƼҪҾߣҳʱӭǵĽһ֮֡
ͨЦ
䣬ڤɵõһһؿͨ̾
峤ǸհԶȻܹ뵽ôһ׳нļıǸ
ڤͣƨ
˵컯ɾеĸţѾвٿʼħצ壬ʼڲ齨ӶԴ򶴿ҲԲóһλᣬҪѡһ壬ɽɣΪ򶴿ߵһϽ
˵ţͨһֱڤ
峤ȥ
ڤɵһ󼹱
ڤϣһֺˣ򶴿ߴ棬һλᣬҪúðհ
ͨһЦ
ԣڤʱɥһҡͷ峤ҿɲ壬ʲôϽһ컯ɾ׷ɱһ壬ۿٻһأ
˵ˣҲδ컯ɾһʶӣǽ壬Ҳزˡ˵£ûǫ́Ͽɵ֮ȥһ֮䣬컯ɾ
ڤӲͷƤ˵Լ뷨
ǺǣڤϡҾֻǲĵֽ壬ܹ޶ȵΪ򶴿ϽЩڳ̨һʶӵ֮ӣ򶴿δϣԲܽ껪˷ּëƤϡ
˵ˣһܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣʱʱ̶̿Ҫʵǳ̨̳й˵²СԲᰲͷɣΪ򶴿߾ľϽġ
һҾԲģ
ͨӽ֮
ڤһɬҪ
ϧûڤͨʹһӣˣôˡ
˵ţһ£ǧ˷׷ڿն𣬳򶴿ߵķӶȥ
ǸŽ壡һ峤ķҹûҵŽ壬ӣһŻ𡣶ңҿ峤£Ȼؾͳ峤ĳͲ
ڤҧֱ죬޲̽׸ʬΣҡ
ܿ죬ͨһˣʧڲãޱߵʡ
ɫܿͰҹĻ١
ô
ͻأģһ
ţڱ챦У׵Ӹ֮ϣλߴһϢͨѾ׷ɱǣһط򶴿ߣıԲߡ
䣬һˣһ赸˵˷ܡ
ٺ٣һζŽ壬ĻҰˣ
ŽһӣȻܹ𾳽ֵ׷ɱһпɽˣ
ŽػңҪӳĵشӦûʲôˣ
һһϲЦտ



1241 Сʻ괬
СزһϲŽ壬ȻͨѾһظˣôҲɵϿץʱ·ɡ
ԣһˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿס
˵ʣʱҲˣֻмµʱ䡣
Ҫڼµʱڣ˳شնĺĵشӳ죬ףҪֶС
Ǻǣż
׵һЦͨǸ˵ͻʹһǹǿɲȦסһЩĽ׻ȳȥ̽̽磬Ƿƽ˾Ǿͻص컯ɾ·
˵˵ͷ
ò˵հǰ˺󣬵ˮ©Сزһ峤Ҫ׵öࡣ
ŽԼǣȻ񴦾ΣʱȣҲһʱ
ٻͷһЦͬλǶץʱ䣬ԪԱ⡣
£һˣ׷ѡһɽͷϥԻָԪ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣҲ׵ıУͺԼһûһ˿һһͳȪʼ˵
һĻ˵Уɵðզࡣ
ǿ쿴ϷһˣȻжȪǲƴ֣
ŽŲٵȪŽԸ񣬶ԴֵǼΪ󷽣Ž죬Ȼǳĺģ
һŽϣҲܹմմ⣡
һˣš
ͬʱһֻڸ߿еĽ׻ȳ棬ͱһεסһξʧ١
ȣ
ռУȫǧĵףỮָ׾ٵ˺ѳһһĿռѷ죬һӣֻ׻ȳͽ컯ɾ֮С
ণণ
ֻ׻ȳ棬һ컯ɾɢŸӶȥŰ
ǺǣЩĽ׻ȳ棬ͬӵŸմǣʱڣܹܿԲǧĵ
ѵ촽һӻͳһȪԹԵϥڿֲʱ֮УĿ
ʱ׾Թ϶գ֮䣬ʱʹҴš
֮󣬱Ŀ޵ף˫³һ
λ
ڲ׵쳹˶Ĥ
ʱһ˵ȣ׷̧ͷ֮ϵһ
֮ǰѾý׻ȳΧĵûʲô״Ǿͼ·ϣλ׼

˷׷ǡ
ȡ
׵Ŀ⾶Ͷ򵶷ȡţֻವһƾʧ١
ʱ֮Уָһ˺ѳһһĿռѷ죬ͬʱһͽȸٻԼߣ׵ػ֮£ȫͬǧģʹֲʱϵŰҲ
Ͻӳйͨ̽һ״ߴٵ
ণ
ʱɿزʳᣬһϯ
һյĹ򣬵Ⱦյֻ׻ȳĻ˼Ȧ
ţ
Χǧûʲô𣿡
һЦ˵ͷ
´߶壬һ£ֻһһһ˶೤Ŀռѷ죬ƾճǰ
ಣ
һ̣׽Ųһת̤ӡͲ컯ɾ
ڲ컯ɾһɲǣʩչ̤ӡ䣬һ·ɶݳ֮Զڷûʲô쳣֮󣬷һϲЦտ
ֻˡ
һЦ׳ԲԶĵȵϽ׻ȳٻϾҪ·ˡ
ʳһӦ
λա
ܿ죬׾һӣī롢Сزٻ롢֡ҹһȫٻ˳
˸һסΣȫһϲЦտ
һˣһ־ϲͯһȸԾ
ţҶһжģǾȻʱУ˳ػص컯ɾ
û뵽ǾȻܹͨƤӵӳ죬Ž壡
ٺ٣Žڣһ·ǲ֮ˡ
һˣ׵񣬾ͺǿžһ
ĸСز׵ҲΪӡ
ˣ²˳٣Ǿ·ɡ
ڵȽֻ׻ȳȫ֮΢΢һЦߴٵ
λҵıаա
ī뵭һЦʩչڤݷΪѸݵķʽ·
ԣ˲ɵһЦ˵ͷ
£īһӣһεϯסϷһˣԼСزһˣȫԼıС
ڰٻ룬һΣһöȭͷСıڲ΢΢һͽīıС



1242 ¶
һת֮˽īıУһסΣ͸ܵһ󳹹ǵĺ⣬
ȥضƵһͣЪۣڤ֮С
īǰıôɭɭо˵ظ֮У
ò˵طа֮ķˮأҪⱦһЩڤ϶°빦
ϧⱦƺܹشȥһƬǿӿݵư֮ء
һˣһ̾
ī룬龳ĸ֣ⱦ磬ŽȴҪһΰ
ٻһζЦ
ԣСزһЦв泩ࡣ
ԭСزڿ׵ıܴһֱµûšڣڿīı˲ƽࡣ
뿴ֵı磬׵ı챦ҪѷһСزʥ̳Ҳ̫
ҵıشҾµڤɽ壬սбһ룬ҵıԪˣȲŽҲʵ
أī̹Ȼ쳹˶ϡ
ӿƺīԼıѷһ飬⣬ڣ֮УΪ׸е˵ľƺīҲմ⡣
ñ뿴īܵİٻ룬ɵҡͷЦЩûȤ

ܿ죬īһΣʩչ˽طûһϢسԶϯȥ
ȥֻһϯѰʿȻԲֲָҹĻ£͸Ѱټˡ
ʱһһţīıȺе˵˵ЦЦеľеһģʱش
תۼ䣬ʮȥˡ
ʮʱڣīһ·ͨ裬;Ӱûмţνһ˳
ڲԭĵˣҲƽ࣬ʼæԵ顣
ףͳնۡɳ֮ĹżϷ֡ҹֵܴģԼš
ײŸոţҪڻͨúܣҪ¹С
ڼżװۣһˣҲû⡣
Ǻܿ죬Ϸ֡ҹˣзؼĹУ򣬿ʼڱʱһ˿ɵۡ
СزҲʧ֡Ϸʩչġնɳۡڷ֡סˡ
Сزʶ㣬ܿϳЩǴ˵еɼҷʮ
СزΪһ峤ԳݣҲԸѯʡ
£ĽϢˡʱһʯǧˣһˣ׷ͣеĻƣʼΧϷҹһˡ
ϵѣ֪ʲôɷ֪һ
һЦʵ
Ϸһǰˣһֱضеһڷ֡żرڻһЦÿһʿŸԵأ͸¶ȻһѾֳΪ˻飬ҸҲ޷
Ŀɶɼҷ
Ϸ⡣
ԣһˣһզпĽѡ
ɼҷô
ٻҲЩģ˵ٻǵһɽ񣬵ɽҲѧһЩɼҷϧɽʱ򣬰ٻľΪڣԣѧɼҷҲǱȽϵͶ˵ġ
˵ɼҷ컯ɾУɾŴɽ齨ľŹŵΪ
ŹŵеɽЯ˴ɼҷºĵӣѡʵɼҷ
ҲΪʲôŹŵܹ컯ɾжռͷԭ֮һ
Ҫ˵ŹŵŴɼҷҲͰˡ
˭룬סϷҹһˣȻҲɼҷɾһЩﲻƽˡ
Ҫ֪סϷһˣɶǳէˣ塣컯ɾʱ䣬Ҳʮꡣ
Ҳûʲô
ͶĽ񣬼񵭵һЦǵЩɼҷīǰģīһˣǾŹŵһĺĵӣƿصɼҷʤīǰΪս裬ȻҲõ˲ٴСѧϰĲֻǱɽһǰˡ
δ䣬һˣһһԼĶ䡣
ϷҹˣĲǱɽһǣ
˵īƿŸɼҷ



1243 ˽
û뵽īǰУȻôɼҷ֪ҾҲҪīǰһ壬Ϊһϡ
īǰܹһЩɼҷôһ彫棬˵ĸսʵԷʵɱ䣬ƾһ̨ס
СزһпЩ׷Ī
Ϊһһ峤СزϵʮشͬʱСزҲеϣܹһ巢չ׳ܹõһЩɼҷСزĸԸط棬ٰ㰧īġ
ϧֻһΣҪڳ롣
ѣɼҷ˴۽磡
һˣһǸƨһΧڷ֡񡢶ҹ˵ߣ֮ʡ
ϲðһ̫ˣö֮һˣҲٳ߶š
ڼǸɴһǧ֮ģû˵ҿ
ҹ˼磬һżĿޣһ˲߶ŵģ
ΨϷϲӣϲñ׷ļһ⣬ĭĽһǰ꡶ڷ֡ʱʱرȻһһ˿ôкá
ٺ٣ǲ֪ǼֵɼҷĪ⡣ĻҪġѰʿ츳Ѫǵīط
Ϸһ⡣
δ䣬ȫһ󾪺
˿׵˸˸Ź⣬ͺƿһһޱȵĳ羴
û˵ҿף̸гϾ̫ڴ棬ϵĹ⻷̫࣬ٻ롢Сز鳤˵ʱҪþ䣬ѰˣȻЩȴֻԶԶһףһŭףɱ֮
ѣżܷǲļ죿
ڣһˣЩͣЦؿϷ
ͬʱˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ϷͺʸĸҪĺͯޱȵĿ봿⡣
ԣϷʱɫһ䣬һֱӽڷ֡˻Уһ˲ͷذ˰֣ǺǣҲԸ⽫ɼҷڸǣֻǵ츳̫̫ʺϣ׿պʱһ޳ɡ
䣬һˣһͷɥӿЦ
ϷȻͬҲûʲô̫顣
ϾɼҷΪϷû䴫ڸˡʵϣͬһŵʦֵܣҲʱȣñ˺ؽԼصıķؼõľޱط׳ǳ˵Ρ
ãһԼĪһǧˡ
أڲīƽըףһһ񾭽
īǰս㿪
˫
ĵ֮ɱ˶ᱦĵشǷ֮ء
УҲСĳײһ󣬱¶٣еȫ׷ɱҡīٶ
ԣڳһ˵ȣȫһѺ
ԷʲôΪ
һ
ʵǲǿͷ߰˸ʥĶϺзֵһᡣī쳹ϣҪǽҪķѲٵԪʱ䣬⣬ҲļҵսὫ˸
ҡͷһЦīǰС£ֵһᡣõȳһһʮӳ
˵ţкԲԶĵȣһΣԴӱʧ١
ʱϷҹһˣһ۵СۣҲһΣӱʧ١
ҲȥʮӳڣҪһӦʮþȣ
ٺ٣ʮӳǽǶôֲƣ˺ϷҲܹ
峤ҲҪ۽磡
һˣһ۰Ͱ͵ؿСز
СزһЦãԹս۾飬Լս
õСز׼ʣһˣһ½شӱʧ٣ĩˣСزٻҲӱϯ
硣
ɱ
СӣȻҳײǵĴ·㲻ߣŴ
գҪǧУ
һɱƺӴ쳹Ĥ
ȥǧӰ۳һҲƵ׷ɱī롣ʱػӶеıͷųһĽâīĴʮǱ
ಡ
أһĴϿգɿӴܵī룬͵ͣ˽ŲһΣó״̬һЦеϯǧʿ
ͬʱīڣ͵ϯһ糱ĿֲƣɨҶһǧʿӿȥ



1244 ʮӳĺϻ
ãȻһ龳ĸ֣
ˣһߵˣȻһλ龳ĸ֣
ͱ¨ˣ
īϯĿֲƣǧʿһŵøεѣƨ
ǰ
ͷһλ뷢԰׵ߣæǰһհڵأлҵ󱲣ڱҢɽһ˷۲ʶ̩ɽײǰϣǰдҪһʶǵһ⣬ϣǰЦɡ
˵ţһӣһѾʯ˳
Ңɽ
ԣīüͷһšЦӴû˵ϻ˵ǲ֪ôѰ·Ȼȫǣ
ಣ
ಣಣಣ
˵䣬סϷһˣ׷׳īԣһЦЦؿǧŵøεѵʿ
Ңɽ
Сز΢΢һЦһСΧشνһͷ绽ꡣںĵش͸ֵһˡ
ͷߣһҢɽͷȫûбīʱȶһ£Ц
ӣ
ۣٲӣֻ·һˣ
ǾͲýĵشĵشеĸ̫࣬ΧشаԵˣһЩ
̼䣬ǧʿɢһֻԼȡ
ӣûôף
׵һЦԲԶĵȵ˵ͷţһ֣Ľ׻ȳƾճڸ߿Уʮ׻ȳ۳һյĽɫƶ䣬˲ա
ͬʱһ̩ɽѹѹȸϯϢ
ͻıʣǧ·ӵʿɵˣһԼ۾
ɱ
һ¡
ণ
ʳһΪһ⣬׵سǧʿ˶ȥ

ʱĿһĻˡ߿Уһɫƶϯ£죬գۼͽǧɢӵʿûˡ
˻
ڳһ˵ȣȫƺƴһĻסˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ǧʿڱȺûһ˲䣬Ѿֹͣ˰УȵȺϣص߿еʱ򣬵һҶûʣ£ֻǵܹһЩ߲Ѫ˿˲
Ⱥǳ˲¹ͷĺݻ˭Ҫˣֻܹϵùˣ
ν϶˶ҧû뵽ʮӳ漯һ𣬾Ȼ˵ĿֲƾͿԽʥĸָס
䣬ͽǧʿɵһɶʮӳĿֲɱֱǺš
һˣһզп
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһЦĻŭš
ʮӳ桭
īҲǿüЦʮӳлҪֲö࣡ţʮӳΪҵĵɽΧشһƬɽ׾ٵ顣
ಣಣಣ
أԡѪӰ͵س𣬳˷ӿ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲ˡ
ʥĸ֡
΢΢˫
ҪԳˡ
īһӰɢҪһЩѶȣ©֮㣬й¶٣¾׼Զ֡
ϾʮӳʺȺսԸʥĸ֣Ҫġ
īǰģʮӳԶԸ⼸˵©֮㡣
׵һЦī롣
һĻԹ۵ˣȫһüͷ
ȣʩչϻ
һ¡
ণ
ʱʳһϯзһĳ

̼䣬ǵصĳȺҲƵشӵһţûһɫľצƳ졣
ţ
ţҿʲôʮӳ棬Ȼûһ
Ǵ˵еĺϻѰĺϻһ㶼һеʿʩչҲֻмʮˡҪ֪ϻĬҪ󣬿ƿ̣һͷһοʮӳʩչϻģ
һˣһĿɿڴȫɵˡ
̧ͷ߿ȫʮӳûɵĽɫſֲƣ㱼ͺһ龳ĸ֣˸εѣֽŷ䡣
ɱ
һľ֮ɫ׵һЦţһ¡
ড
һ̣һʯĳϯɽѣӵһʮӳûɵĽɫ͵شӸ߿з˶£צ֮䣬ӴצӣܻӶݵʥ
ſң
Ҹƴˣ
ɫܻʥһʧƴ߶Ԫͼ
ϧһжΪʱ
飡飡
ֻıʥͺˤѵϣ鿪һʱİ׵ıŽŻ



1245 ծӳ
˻
ֲһĻڳ˵֮Уʱһʯǧˣһ̾п
ţҿʲôʮӳûɵĽɫȻգۼɱʥս龳ĸ֣Ҳˣ
Щ׻ȳ棬ǱƷ֣ʵ֮ǿԶѰĽ׻ȳܹᲢ۵ģʮӳ棬ī뵥ǹƥΧشˣ
˴۽磡
һˣһɴţۡ
ӣЩӣܹĴڣ
ģû뵽гһգǻһȺӵ
ҴʥһֲĽɫȫᣬ׷ȼѪɶݣԼܹ˳ӳ졣
ণ
Ȼһ̣׵£һ
ʱڸ߿еľһβſѪڣӿһѪĶ˲佫һٶӵʥûˡ
ৡ
ʱڳԹ۵ˣȫɴ˫
ǡ
Щ׻ȳ棬綾ЩƺǼʮӳĶԣΪֲ
֪Ҵʥܷ񿸵ס
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ۷׷ס
ȥؿڶĵУľήɽʯѣеһȫΪޣ鿪Ŀֲʴԣɼһߡ
ʲô
ֻҪһ·Ը⵱ţΪūΪ͡
ҳŲסˣ±һҪѪծѪ
̼䣬һֵʥҺ˶ȥֻһʥ׷ãʴջΪһ̲̲Żŧˮ
ʲôʮӳʩչĺϻȻһӽʥˣ
ţֶԣδҲ̫ˣһĶԣѾˣʮӳȴǸֵһᣡ
֮治УǴ۽ˣ
һˣһզп
СزҲһ꣬Եİٻ룬Щơ
ȻСزʮӳսǹĿ࿴ĵ¶˾ģҪȫ£īһĹϵ
ʮӳػһ壬ѰţҴһ⡣
ʮӳؽԴ϶ҲһѺ֡
ȣɵúã
գ
׵һЦʮӳĵһսʮ͡
ণ
ȵõ׵ĳޣԵʮֿܣʳ׵˼Ȧĩˣͣ׵ļ֮ϣԵʮֵǡ
˸λҵıУʮӳȻ̫עĿˣһߴǵĴΣˡ
ʱīһشߴ
һЦҲҵһһΣī뽫뱦С

һӣûһʮӳ棬˱챦ϢԼǴŵȣһΣīıС
īʩչطڤݷƹһûһϢسΧشӶȥ

һߣǧӰͿշУһ̲ͣسŻֵĵطϯȥ
īڳһڵһʱ䷢֣Ⱥ˺ȻʥȪȵһ塣
ͷһˣīһ֮ԵʥȪɱͳ층롣
ԲԶһˣɽйľΪɫ룬븵һ龳ĸ֡
һΣ龳ĳ֣ǧĵشΪģΪ˻ȥ
˾ǣڸ빫ľԣһ۵նͦΣӢˬȲһȥʮֳڣȻīйһ֮ԵĻڤ
ڤΧش򶴿һ׷ɱҶīԮű
˭룬ڤв³īݣҶ𱨣īֵϢʥȪȣΪˣʥȪȲŻǲغΪ׵ȫΧī룬һīЩɥ
ҿغھķϣīһĻīͻˡ
Ȼˣºī֪ڤл֮ӵ󣬲׷Ī޵ͲýڤʬΣҡ
Ҫ֪ΪʥȪȵĻ̵ɱīĸףīĸ׷ѹڣīˣҲǻȦףһΧɱ
˵ϣī֮ǵˣԷǻĪ
ڻ֮ӻڤ
īȻҲûʲô̬ȡ
׻˵ծӳǷµծǽڤǧУնɱһǧΣһΣֲ
ϧīʧȥһնɱڤĻᣬҪ֣ڳ롣
ڤΪ֮ӣڳ̨ھŲ̨һʶӵʥ󣬼ӣ߳龳ĸֱѰ˸Խ



1246 ľ
ϣһĵش֪ҪòܹĿĵءѾֹʥ۷̫ˣȲҪҵĹˣҪ֪ǻĹ֮У̲һ̶ȵԪأЩԪأȻ࣬ƷʼߣռôܿͿͻʥƿһͻƣΪ龳ĸ֡
һҾͿԳŵھʮŲ̨׷ҵĳţһҸȹ̣Ҫ˶ãܹǫ́ϿɣڵھʮŲ̨һʶӡʱҲһĵ쵣ԼڵھŲ̨еʶӻᱻ˸ȡ֮
ڤһ̼ģ
ڤΪ֮ӣ츳׿ʥȪȴδ֮ǣͬʱҲеļܹʥ磬ͻǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨ʶӵ֮ӡ
ڤԼĴ⡣
һʱ䣬ѻܿܿСزˣȺǫ́ϿɣȵڵھŲ̨һʶӣԭеʶӸȡ֮ûڤձĽȸС
ر׵ʶӣԵ̺һödַ׭Ƶõ˹˵Ĵ࣬ҪȡһʶӣȡһʶӣҪǻڤã׵ʶӣͽȡ֮ˡ
ûڤʮʹ࣬ÿʱỵ̈ĵĹӣоǳ̤ʵһ죬ԼʶӾͻᱻ˸ȡ֮Ϊƽӹ֮
ΪˣڤƴޣҪͻʥƿΪ龳ĸ֡˵ֻҪ̤龳磬ôڤͿԽԼĿ꣬ͶھʮŲ̨ס
ǻڤܹϵھʮŲ̨ףһǫ́Ͽɣ˳ڵھʮŲ̨һʶӣôڤĴҪȫöࡣ
ϾھʮŲ̨Уɾʮſʶӣļҳ̶ȣڵھŲ̨ףҪöࡣԻڤ츳ѪȫΣһĹӡ
ǡ
ڤҪͻʥ磬˵е龳磬Ҳס
ʵϣڤڼǰѾ̤ʥ۷徳磬ϧǣǾʿһٽͻƵĹؿڣƿӴҲûа㳤ȫԭ̤
Ϊ˳ͻƿڤʾַ֭޼¡
˵ڻڤӣҲʮ۰СΪڤһǿ󷽣ʹ͸ĵرڣڻڤƿʱ򣬲ϧ׳ԼľѪ뱾ûڤӶܵؼڤڵѪ߾硣
ϧһʱڣڤŸ׻Яܹ࣬һ˳ɿ߾硣
Ǻܿ죬ڤʥ֮󣬵ĵرջı뾫ѪѾٴٽڤˡ
⣬ڻڤµǱʮޣԣҪƾҸͻʥƿʮѡ
ڤԭΪԼһӵľޣֻܾʥ۷徳磬Ҳͻơ
֮£ʥȪȵĹƶȣԼеݣ˽Լ˼˳йеĿơ
˭룬Ȼ򶴿һĸ֣һ·׷ɱЩɥǧһĹͷҿī룬Žһ
ڻڤ˽飬ڤܵʥȪȵ𷣣Ȼ׸
ڣڤһεԴʥȪȳ֮ǰͬǣһλڤ˽ӣǵõ˻Ͽɣ龳ϵػ֮£
ԭǳ򵥡ֻҪڤܹѰҵĹףչ̺Ԫأпܰһͻʥƿ̤龳磡
Ȼ˵ľѪ뱾Ѿٴٽڤ
ǣۼĴڣĹ̺ԪأƷ˵ҪԶԶس룡
֮Ĳ࣬ν֮𣬸һεĴڡ
˵ֻҪڤܹõƬĹףҽ̺ǵĻԪظռһ档
ҲǻڤеĿġ
ȻһΣڤҪ˳ҵƬĹףҲס
Ͼĳ֣컯ɾΪ֮Ϊ֮ڣҲ֪жٵڵһʱǲ˾פĵشѰŸֿı
ڤҪǧ֮ҵƬףҪĻԵ˲С
֪ǻڤ֪īʮƬףңЩ׶ǻı׵ʱ򣬻жôóԾĽʺޣ
˵ֻҪīóһƬıףûڤͻƿ˵е龳磡
ϧīڤУ޲ܽԷʬΣңҪīĸԸؽı׸׳ڳ룡



1247 
ʥȪȵǧӰɣƸһ㣬ЯһǰƳĵشһ·֮ϣνǳͨ裬ûʲô۵޵ֺ
ϣ˵ԭ׼ǲغ곤ػҵİȫģΪ;ˣ
أڤѯʡ
˵롮غꡯ
ԣ벻ɵЦһغȻһ岻ɶõ˫ɫ룬츳׿зǣѵΡ֮ǰʥȪȵõīϢ峤غ׷ɱī룬˭룬ǧټҵī֮غȻͷīˣУһΡ
δ䣬ڤɵȻһĿؿ򸵱룬ϣ򲻿¶ԡʲô֤ݶ϶سϽīߵģ
غ꣬ΪʥȪȶһ޶˫ɫ룬ӵŰ벽𾳽磬峤뻤֮⣬νһ֦㣬ѰܹᲢ۵Ĵڡ
˭룬ΪʥȪɱͳ조롱ȻҶغԲѷغзǡ
˵ʥȪһڲҲΪϵǻһɵԪϣڤһϵƣΪˣŲԣ赣ǻڤὫĻйȥ
غзǣ⽫ֻͨɴС˵Ǵ治ͼҵľٶԲɶϷ
ڤ뿴غ˫ɫ룬ð벽𾳽ΪһīôĶ֣
ī룬īӳ죡
һﻰ⣬غʮֱģ˵ˣغԭǷǷһšغ֪֮꣬Я֮ī룬ǷĶӡغпܹ飬īˡ
ϸһڤɵðͷ
Ҫغ곤ʥȪ⣬峤ҲͱΣ̱ƹˡ
һƣغȻȻװףǣѾ˸߲ľ裬һЩҪ񣬶ҲΪʲôĸ׻룬Ҫ;غ곤ϳ빫ﳤػԭ򡣡
ԣڤȻ򣬰˵ͷ
Ȼ˵빫ľʵ޷غᲢۣǣҲ֪֪ס
ʱҴţܿ¹ȥˡ
νɲ飬һգյգīûɵһѸ׵سΧشӶȥأһΣһ㵵ԶѹѹϯһȺӰ
ȥīȻ֣ǧɵȺʥȪȵƳۣǰһöʥȪȵѫ¡
ţ
ȻʥȪһ
īΪ֮һضŷɿ쿿Ⱥһʱ֮䣬аζӣȻЩ޴롣
ʱ䣬ǧӰڸ빫ľ֮£ƺƵī֮ľԽԽͬʱīҲؿ˵̬ò
ͷʥȪȵɱͳ층룡
лұۡľ࣡
īĿһɨͿ˸빫ľ龳ĸ֣жϳǵʵݡ
ûɵģīĵһ֮һ
ţ
Ǹһ֮ǰ֮оĻڤ
ڤǻ֮ӣ
ĿתƣīٶȻһһضŻڤԴ˵һƱ˸һӻһ
С
īǰʲôˣΪͻȻͣ˽Ų
һ·֮ϣһʶڱ⣬ԷԮڲīͻȻͣ½Ų󣬵ѯʡ
ҡʥȪһ
īͳɤ쳹硣
˻
ʱڲһ˵ȣȫһһЦ
īʥȪȵͷͨСʥȪ˶֪īڰ·ʥȪһȻ⣬Ҫѩޡ
īǰԷж۷ʲôΪ
īɥʧǣóȻ֣æѯʡ
ǧˣϺзֵһᡣͷɱͳ층룬龳кڵΪһұۡľͬ龳кڵΪ
ī
δ䣬ڲһ˵ȣʱɫ䣬һȭͷͷð
龳ĸ򡭡
ԲǣĻǾ
ϾһҲֻīһ龳ĸ֣ңī뻹״̬Ҳ۷ȥԶ涯˭ʤ˭Ԥϡ
Ž壬ȰȰī룬ǧһʱ嶯
ٻæȰ衣



1248 
ԣϽȰȰīǰǧҪһɱĻпܲǶ֣
νɽڲûգǧ°
һˣҲһ̼ؿס
û취ڳˣҲ׵ĻīзȰī룬Ȼõ;
ԣȴǵһЦΪȻīǰ˵һ仰Ǹɻǲɣ
䣬ȫһƬȻ
һˣÿŷһףһĪһ𣿾Ȼľٶ
·ֻҪīһ仰˾ۣҲҪಫ
īһӦҵҲ׼һɱ䣬һϾ񴦾Σʺٴ󶯸ɸ꣬ңĿǰʵҲһܹռϷ硣
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ǡ
أī뻰һתҿ˳˻Ķӡڤһαѩ޵Ļᣬǧѷ꣬ҾԲԸŹ
˻
ȫһƬȻһˣһɥֱš
ʲôڤ
Ķӣ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһʱ˻ڤйһ֮Եļһ
īһ˴Χشĵشһˣº֪ȵǳ˻Ķӻڤ
Ϊˣīһ׷Īϧûкҩɳԡ
ī֮ĳޣһҲ֪һܹī飬ʱһ߶Ԫ׼ī뱨ѩޣ
īǰû˵ģֻҪһ£ǽվͽһϾɱ
νծӳڤ˻֮ӣһͲʲô񣬽ץǧҲϧ
ɱڤܹīǰеĳ޳嵭һЩԸ⸰𣡡
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ׷׻ȭͷɱ졣
һĻ󣬿ֱͷԸпһ˼ֱһȺ֪ͽ
ã
ǵ֧֣Ҵο
īЦֻҪŽһ֮ˣ¶档
䣬Ϸ֡ҹˣйƤһȥ
Ҳûа취˭һԵĵ龳ĸ֣Ϸһ˵ʵ̫΢ײɱʱ򣬷ǵܹīɱУпܳΪƿ
һˣҲͬĵ
⣬һΪī뱨ѩޣ˽£ī벢ΪԼ飬Ӱһ塣
ಣ
ڲһΣƾʧ٣ͬʱʧĻеȡ
ͬʱһ˵ȣ׷׽һʶ̽磬۲

磬ǧӰٷӶܿҪīͷϿϯ
īһΣָΪ״̬תͷԲԶףһЦ
īǰƺˣһ䲻⣬һɱУ
һһǹ˳ǣֱӽһ¡
ʱһȫнɫѪûɵĹ۶ɣƴ
ֵһǣ׵һû̺ôֲҲûд߶Ŀֲƣϡƽһƽʱʥ߶ɱ
һ壬ڼʸڲ̺Ŀֲڹ˵һödַ׭
ɱ
ֻһͺȣ͵ָһɣֻһ̶ƿʱһ⻮ƳգԳŸ߿еȺȥʸ򣬺Ȼͷĸ룡
ãеϮ
ڹĵһʱ䣬߿еĸ빫ľĿһ˶ߡ
ʱ˷׷״߶Ԫ֧ųһһһңػڻڤǰ
ͬʱǧˣ׷״߶ŸԵķ׼
ңһΪǺηʥԭǸHСɱļʸҲ۵
벻ɵЦһƺмһˡ
ƣ
˼䣬һֵ£ֻһֲĵâһӾͽĲƬ
˭룬ʱһ˸εѵһĻˡ
ֻһ죬ɽѣҡػΣһɳĿռѷ죬ƾ˺˿Ϲ޵Ѫڣ͵سڸ˵ǰҪ˶ɡ
ͬʱһɿֲϯЮǧˣҪһɡ
ʲôϡƽļʸȻ˺˿ռѷ죿
ӣ
ģ⾿ʲô
һˣһǾ֮񣬷ҲƵس˷Ӵܿ
Ȼ˵ʱʱ죬⧲֮£һɵĿռѷ춸Ȼ֣ڵڶˣһʱ֮䶼ûܷӦֻ֮£ֱӱ˿ռѷ֮Уǡ



1249 ɱ
˭ҡ
ãұ˿ռ֮Уˣһ
ǺηʥȻ˺ѿռѷ죬ֱǺš
֮䣬Ӱؾ˿ռѷ֮УҺ
ֻһıʥȪһˣƵȼڣžûꡣÿһ죬ζһˣ˿ռ֮У飬һغ
ʹ죡
˷ܵػȭͷƮƮһɱٸˣֲֿɱ龳ĸ֣Ҳˡ
һ͵ϮΪҪĿ꣬һϺз龳ĸ룡
ȥ龳ĸ룬ڲֻ֮£ͬҵر˿ռѷ֮УΣ

һ˲֮ʣ볶ɤӣҺͬʱƴ߶Ԫͼӿռѷ֮ѳǸ翹ģͺƱ廨׼ƶǵҰʮֵ
Ϊһ޶꣬龳֣ûϵԼгһջһͷһ֦ϡƽļʸ
Ǹ֪һֻԪС֪θ룡
ͻĶˣøоͺһ֮䣬Լİ壬Ѿ޾ʱڲŷŰֻһı׹ռе̼仯Ϊĩķѣը׷ɡ
۵죬ʹ֮⣬ڵĿ־СһߵĿ־Уøֻ̼ʧ룬ھ٣ƴش߶űҪӳ죬ϧߵĿռͺϹ޵ѪڣŸøоԼͺ񱻾뼤еһҶۣԴ֮ѳ
ϣ
ϣ
ľڤڶ˵ػ£ƴ󳷡
ڿ׹ռѷ֮УʱпɥȪʱ򣬷׷̼þͺȹϵϡ
Ȼ˵ľڤҪԮվǣնĴ֮У˶Ѿѱ˵Ҫˣܷ˳شһ⡣
Ͼ͵Ϯɱ֣ûպ«ư˺ѳһ˵Ŀռѷ죬ڳˣҪɥȪ
Ҳۡ
ﳤϣһҪұѩޣ
ڣ˻ȵĿУҺһವһīĿռѷ֮УҲûһԴ
ϡ
ǺηʥȻ˺ѿռѷ죬һɱ龳ĸϣ
ڤŵɫҰףȫ
龳ĸ룬һɱֲֿûڤŵûɢҲԱƽ
ǣһλڤһ˿϶ǿУǿУͨ󣬾Ȼںĵش˺ѿռ䣬ӵͨؼǻڤһܹĴڣ
δ֪ĶԱܵûе־壡

ڣɳĿռѷ죬컯ɾ޸֮УܿԽԽС١
ȥزк̳죬ľۣƸոһսϴ١
ԭһˣ䣬ûس˷ӴܣһûͷӬһֻ޵ȣĶаɱԣ

ʥȪһ壬ɲӣһʥȪȵ
գսɳҲҪһӱ
ľŭըס
ʱзӴܵˣһŲһ٣΢΢ԥƬ̣ӲͷƤҧŹľķӶ

ʥȪһĹƶȣʮϿ
˵ˣȻ볤ϲұٻ龳Ĺľڣһ龳糤ԣȫϵҪԼҪöࡣ
ﳤϣϽɣЩҷˣ
ڤɫ߬Źľ½Щ޳

ľɫϾ΢΢ҡͷν߲߲һ͵ϮԷȻбҪӳ죬ûôףһ٣ľĻڤļҧгݣҽɱҳҲһʣҹľţҲҪȫİȫ
ԣڤһû˵
һߣīһռѷĸ룬ʱЦеļ֮顣
̫ˣû뵽һɱ龳ĸ֣
Цú»
ԴƿصĴ編һ֮컯ɾеսνһɳ죬龳ĸ֣Ҳ޾ɫ
񣬸һɱ龳ĸ룬׵ľһϴ



1250 
Ž壬һ
īǺһ͸һܱϲЦտ
һɱٸˣɱ龳ĸ룬׵׵һĵһǧҲûһɱ
Ҫѩ޵ī˵һĺϢ
ͬʱīıڲ
еʿȫһʶ̽˱磬ȫעز̽״
ڿ״չһɱ龳ĸʱԼͬصһʧһȫԼ۾
ţҿʲôŽĸӣȻһɱʥȪȵ龳ָ룿
ʥȪ龳֣һĺĳϣû뵽гһջŽէСУ
Ž壬ƾƿصĴ編壬龳ĸһϸ£⸵֮Ҳ²ԼһԪСУ
Ǵ컨׹ӿҲŽһʥߣܹɱ龳ĸ֣飬Ǵ϶һȻ󲨣
ò˵ŽһһרΪ˴Ƹ򣬴漣
һˣһڳޣͶء
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһЦΪ׶еԺ
һȻȻɱ龳ĸ룿
Сزɴһ˫ˮӣĿࡣ
ԭСزٻ룬ΪóȻһ忪սѰ·ʤ㲻
ǣڶ̶̵һյ蹤֮һɱ˸֮˵Ĺȫ߸ˡ
硣
ֻҴܵһ壬ڹľٻ֮£¼ȥÿһ˵ϣд˿־壬ûһɱ֮Ȼѱ˵ӡ
īǰʱسһİǼʶʶˣ
òһеıǹЦеؿԵī롣
īһЦһԾһɣԳһӶȥ
׽̤ӡƹһڸ߿شī벢
ﳤϣ쿴
ڤʶ񣬸һīӰʱʧΪ֮һ
ãˣ
죬ͣ׼ս
һˣһæңƴ߶ŸԵķʼȺƣ׼ӭս
ô
ľ΢΢ҲЩ飬ұֳ
ǧˣлĶӻڤɶָŹľܹӳأ
ش
ಣಣ
תۼ䣬ī׾һɣһ岻Զĸ߿У˫֣Źľڵһˣ񣬾ͺڿһȺ׵ĸ
Ǻǣǿɷʶң
ī΢΢°ͣЦžʧˡ
Ц绨ī˲һȻǧһľ˿ûη֮ɫ෴Ǭƿ֮еĸо
壬֮䣬ܹһ˸
㣿
ľ΢΢һȥɵüͷ塣
īϢԼĪ龳ڣڱ֮ǰһ֮˵ӣľֱɢʶв̽ԣֻܹԵعһī׵ľΪ
ùľǣīľΪľеô¡Ҫ֪ںĵشǲ𾳽Ĵ˺ѿռ䡣
ԭΪһɱҲһֳֵĲ𾳽֡˭룬ڹľǰī룬ȴֻ龳硣
ס
ľɨһۣҲûйע
Ͼ׵ϢжϣֻԪ磬һʥߣ龳ĹľУͺһֻһֵһᡣ
ʲôȻ㣿
ڤٿؾһȵؿī룬ǿһһ
ܵڤĪīײɵһЦЦζ
ڤʶһ
ľΪ֮һæתͷһؿڤ
ڤԴʱСһͷﳤϣ˵ΧشȹһжԭΪⱲӶټˣû뵽ԩ·խȻƬĽҰٶ棡
ڤɵһЦ
īڲ֪£ڤһڤȴǰʶīݣ𱨣īټ㱨ʥȪһ壬Ӷīɱ֮
ûϵīȻܹѲʥȪȵ׷ɱ˳ںĵش
Ӿȹһ
ľһϲ
ڹľΪīڤŽ飬Ǵˮһ˲һ˵ʱ򣬾ڤһɥûв˵ϣһϢ
δ䣬ľһתͷīϯİƣɵһ
ţ
һĪҲһˣ
ľɴţۣһؿī롣



1251 ɱ
ùľûϵǣɱĸ֣Ȼһˣ
ùľ˼άһŽһЩ㲻״
˾ʥȪȵͷͨī롯
ڤ̾һ³һ
ʲôī룿
ľɵõһһʱаζӣһضī롣
ͬʱڳһˣҲһʧ
ӾһĲ֮סī롯
ޣ峤ûкĽӶɱҡУǽʥȪȣ˭뾹һӣøΪ֮Ҳ֪ī룬Ҫһٻˮ
ԭһͽ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡽ǽնɱǴһīѾȣȻܹ˺ѿռѷ죬նɱ龳ĸϣǵҪϾɱǳ˵Σ
û뵽īʵѾ˿ֲȻһ֮˺ѿռ䣬ʥȪȿɾˣҲ֪ҪʥȪʲôı
һˣһݺݵضī룬
ǺǣϳˡôǲǺʧ
īʼ򣬶һ˿ţЦһīСʥȪȣ޾׷ɱӲÿһһߣ˳
֪Ǻ޲ýʬΣңϧǣû
գҾҪЩһīŭ𣡡
īɫٿرһ˫ӣƹһŻڤûڤëȻ㣬ڤϹۣڲ֪£һûϵȻҵɱ˻ĶӣԴҵ֪֮󣬿ν׷Īҹܹгһץס㣬⽴Խͷ֮ޣ
죬ԸԳˣ
īЦлѹµŭ𣬺ƻɽ緢һӿ
ī룡
ľһȰ˵ǧҪɱ˫ۣʵһУвٵˣΪ򱧲ƽϣܹطʥȪȵģ
ϾϣҲһѪʥȪһһӣΪˣҲԸƯ⣬¿꣡
ľܵ׽ͼīɾ衣
ͬʱд߶ڵԪ׼ī벻ʩչһ
ʲôʥȪȵˣϣһصʥȪȣ
ԣīһЦشЦˣƯ⣬ʥȪ޾׷ɱǱʥȪΪͷͨ컯ɾɱңޣȻͳ˺£
ԣԸԼڣһѪһҲҪʲôƨ룡ΪЩòʥ룬ҾöģҾҲԸΪ飡
īƺҪѹķŭȫйըף˶Ĥۡ
ī룬㲻ԸصʥȪȣԸһˡ㣬Ҳĸף뿴һĲ֮ףϵʥȪΪУһˣĸףֻʲôĴ
ԤϵǣԽ࣬ĸףʥȪҪܵŰҲԽ࣡
ľ³һһȰ컯ɾй͵ֱ뿪컯ɾԶҲҪˣ͵ûдڹȵûټǵʱ峤ͻ󷢴ȱĸ״ɽ·ųˡ
һĸ׷Ϣīʱһ˫죬ѽѡ
Զ뿪ٻ
īֿЦ״񣬡ҵĸʲôǾҪҵĸѹʥȪȵɽ£ҵĸףѡԼİ˽Ϊ£ѵΪʥȪȵһӣѡԼİ£Ҫ
뿪컯ɾô˭ܹΪҵĸϴԩ飬ҵĸһ
īȫҧø¸죬ЩòȻļһҼסīڣгһգɱʥȪȣҵĸ׾ȳһס
ҵɱˣЩŰҵĸ׵飬Լ׷ɱҵˣҶҪһɱһɶʥȪȣΪ֮أ
ī·𷢳һԸضΪ֮
̼䣬ڳˣȫ䣬һɫ԰ף¶֮ɫ
ˣīȫˣ
īѾѹ̫Թޣ´ӽʥȪǲˣ
価նɱʥȪȿҲûʲôˣ
һˣһضī롣



1252 л
ӣղˣ
Һ׼Ļ֮ûˣ
״ī룬ľЦһһӣֻһǺһӿѪɫϯ
һʱ䣬죬ѪȥȻһƬʬɽѪĿֲ󣬴̱ǵѪζõѪ֮³˻֮䣬Ϊʮ˲֮С
䣡
䣡䣡
ǧɵѪɫӣʬɽѪЯһŨҵаϢȥ죬ѪȾ񷡣ÿһѪˮӿѪĻÿռ𵴣ɽѣһѪɫеÿһѪһöڵ֮ǧɵѪɫӣһȫأ
˵ʱʱ죬ǧɵѪɫӣЯԺӵĿֲ˳سīϯƺҪī˲û
һ׹ѪɫУº֮Ҫǣ
ÿֲʬɽѪҵڤɽ壬֮ͬڤĺõط
ī˿٣ɱ죬ͻѪɫӣ޾ɫرһڵԪƻɽһӿ֮䣬޾Ԫ˳ͻ۳һƬ󺣣ҪһѪɫӡ
ͬΪ龳룬īɲڵһνУ·硣
顭
ʱԪѪɫӷײֲײÿռ䱬飬ҡػΡ
֮䣬һư֮
һˣ׷״߶Ԫ֧֣һ̶ܲһغ
쿴ﳤī붯ˣ
ȻһȫսȻ뾡ɱԷ
⣬ӳƺﳤҪѷһ
һˣһĵ
ڤɫ԰ף޴վڲԶš
񣬹ľѾΪڤһݣһľīնɱôڤҲʮ
Ǻǣǲ
Ŵīϯ󺣣ľɵһƣһЦվһʥȪһĴ֪֮ʲôǵ̣ʲôͳ
˵ţһ
ˡ
ʱӿȵѪɫ֮Уһʯ޺ǧͷϹޣҪѪɫһɳ죬˸εѡ
ͬʱڷӿŨѪˮ֮Уɿطӿǧ׭ÿһö׭аƴСһֹĸо˾ǣÿһöϵķ׭ڲƺһĻǣЩǣƲһצƴҪӷ׭֮ѳ
ǧ׭֮£ѪɫӵƵʱһɳ죬ȻѹԪ󺣣ӿī׵λá
ţ
ʲô׭ΪʲôһַǳУһеĸо
ѪɫĿֲƣī벻ɵþȿ׭ϡɼһлǣʱӵɵúһ
Щ׭֮УȻӡһĲлǣ
īʧԼ۾
ȥӿȵѪɫӣǧɳ죬Ѫɫӵڲ̲Ƶķ׭
һʲôĸ
ζǵĲлǣӡڷ׭֮УЩ׭ȴľٿأΪеķ
ľΪλƿ֮ĲлǣҾжϣЩлǣһˣ
īɫԵʮ
ŹľΪƷ֣ңһӾոлǡ
ǹªŵļһ
ԣľɵĮһЦ΢΢°ͣҲû£ϾһӣʥȪеһЩأȻһ֪⣬֪Ҳ֡
ǣһ˵ʥȪȵĻѪذɣ
ľ
ѪôȻ˵ģ
īüͷһ塣
ʥȪһĻѪأīȻİǿīҪĵط
ΪһˣΨн뻯ѪУܹڵѪȫ
īΪɫ룬ԭ츳׿һѰšֻϧī벢Ȼ֮飬ԣڵѪҪ뻯Ѫزܹ
ûмѪ״£Ī츳ѪһֻܹΣֵһᡣ
û뵽ľȻἰʥȪһĻѪأīЩ
֪Ѫأܺáǣ֪Ѫγɵ𣿡
ľһơ
Ѫγɵģ
īһʱЩɶͷԡ
顭
ں׭ѪɫӣϵزʳīͷŶԪ󺣣ʹī벻Ϻˡ
Ҹ㣬ѪصڲԿһͼڷġͼڷģʮֹأֻ峤֪
꣬峤컯ɾΪ˽ʥȪȷչ׳󣬺ķԪŽһöͼڷĸԿ̳ӴԺʥȪȾ˸ڻѪأҲΪͼڷ׭ļӳ֣ŵԳΡ
ľһһʮؽһˣƾҪڵѪ졣ǣһͼڷ׭ӳѪ̾ͿھǱһɳ졣ѰĪģ



1253 ͼʥ
ԭʥȪȵͼڷģдеġһˣ֮Խ뻯ѪأܹѸټѪǱΪͼڷĵĴڣ
ī뵹һʮָӡ
Ȼ֪˻ѪγɵģǣīҪһѪȫǳ롣
ϾʥȪһУͼڷĵҲֻ峤һ˶ѡ
ҪѪ츳ҪǧټƵǱʥȪȻѪвС
īһҧ
ī룬Ҫ֪ͼڷĵأԶԶ󡣡
ľ˵ʥȪȻͼڷģ̶˻Ѫأ˵츳Ѫܵھ򡣵ǣҲΪͼڷĵĴڣʥȪȵ棬ҲøϿĻͼڷľͻʧЧѪҲΪһ̲ˮ
ԣī벻ɵȫһĿ
ûϵͼڷĵĳ֣ȻơҪõѪشĺôͱҪ̳дͳάͼڷƶĹء
ī룬ĸ׷룬ΪʥĴɫ룬Ȼ֮飬ʥȪȷǳϡѪñѪͳĴ⡣˭룬Ȼ治һΪӵȵɫΪ£֮ס
ĸ׵Ϊ״ŭͼڷƶĽɣǲϳͣôͼڷľͻ⵽£ɢʥȪȵĻѪأҲΪһ̲ˮ
Ϊˣ峤Ϊ˱ȫ֣Ųòɱĸףѹĸס
һУֲ峤ֲʥȪȡҪ֣͹ĸûоη֮ģ˽
ľϣ˵컨׹һ׾ͻᱻɱǡ

һЦ
īЦ裬ľ㵱ǻƿɶƭˣʲôͼڷƶĹأǳ
ϣֻʿٿطģû˵Ĳٿʿ
ʥȪȵ峤룬ȻܹԿ̳ͼڷҲܹƿͼڷġ֮Ա֯˹ûʵĻѻֻΪڸԼһ֮˽ΪıУ֮İˣ
ò˵ʥȪȵ峤룬һĵļһȻ֯˵ӿЦɱԼˣ
гһգһҪɱʥȪȣնɱ룬ɳ˶೹׸ˮ棡
īڵѪӿԪ˳һٶȵѹѪɫһͷ
ţ
û뵽һͷͨҾȻԹƻǣڣɱ⣬Ǽ֣
ľ޵ҧгݣûоʹ˷ī룬翹ˡ츳ɫҪ˲١Ǵе
ҵһѪɫӣǴӻѪȡԭϣƶɵķڲ̺֮ľѪƵĲлǣҪƾѪѪɫӿ⣬ڳ롣
ľЦ

ֻһȣǧɵѪɫУһööƴСķ׭̼Ӧ飬Ƶȼڵһ˲䱬ըҡػΣɽѡ
顭
ڿֲıը˳УīԪ󺣣תۼɢһ
ۡ
īʧſһѪ
㡭ѪɫӣȻǴӻѪȡԭϣ
ī˫־֡
û
ľһռϷ磬ʱ죬Ѫеˣ󣬶һƲлǣͼڷĸավ쳤ѪбԩꡣҵѪɫӣֻǻѪصıɽһǰˡʲôʱ򣬵Խ뻯ѪУһᱻ̺Թŵûɢ
ŶˡʥȪȵӣѱͳ֮⣬½̤ʥȪһˣлʥȪȵĻصءѪء
ǿɱ
ľضī룬ͺǿһ˹һ
ͼʥ飬Һ
أľһдʡ

ʱƵķ׭ɿؾۼһǧɵѪɫӣҲûΣ۳һѪɫǹ
ȥһɳѪɫǹ磬ƺڤڤ֮еõͼڵķӳ֣ɢһԳܵĿֲ
ֵһǣѪɫǹǹͷλãǧ׭ûɣڲ̲޾Ĳлǣа졣һУѪǣҪ˲䱻ǧлǸ̳ԡ
ɱ
ѪɫǹһΣľȲһ£ŷɱ
䡭
ʱһ̶ƿϯɳѪɫǹƺȫī룬Ҫīһǹ
ţ
īʶ񣬵һʱҪʩչȻһ̣īεѵһĻͳˡ
ʲôҾȻˣ
ī뾪֣ȫֵһѪ⣬˫֮Ѫ˿ܲ
ī룬ȻѱʥȪȸ𣬱ͳ֮⣬ڣһѪͼʥѹ£Ȼͼӳ죿
ľһĿϲıóѵĸо



1254 ˭
ʱֽ
Ϊﳤϣһ־ѹסī룬˷ҪѪɫǹһ֣ܿҪī
ī룬ǽ뻯Ѫо츳Ѫ϶ܹΪһܣа˻ġǣī룬츳ѪϣֻǷ֮ﳤҪһء
ǺǣϽɱҲʥȪȻָƽ
һˣһݺݵصī롣
ԶĻڤ˫ֺʮзŹ⣬һڴī롣
ңʲôƨͼʥ飬ʲôлǣҴӹдķȣֵһᣡ
ʱشһǷһӣһödַ׭
ֻһƽѣһɳĿռѷ죬ƾ赲īǰ
䡭
һ̣ƿնѪɫǹԱ޾Ŀռ֮Уʧ١
ͻһĻڳ˿Ŀ࣬һ
顭
ɳĿռѷ죬Ϲ޵Ѫڣƴ
һʱ䣬ɽ飬طת֮䣬һƬư֮
Ψī룬ռѷߣȴƱ˰Уƾֲӿռѷϯأ˿
ţҿʲôǸԪСӣȻھͶ֮䣬˺ѳһɳĿռѷ죬Ѫɫǹˣ
ԭǻΪ˺ѿռ龳ī롣ûϵȻˣ
⾿ʲôΪʲôһԪСӣܹӵ˿ֲͨؼܹں֮䣬˺ѿռ䣿
һˣǿһס
һ
ڤؿףаζӡ
ܿ죬ɳĿռѷ죬٣֮䣬ٶȻָƽ
ͬʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϣһȫעضףɫӡ
ûϵֻԪļһȻһɱ˸ף
ԭڿīĵһʱ䣬˵עȫīϣû˻עֻԪס
ڣ˶׹Ŀ࿴
𺳣ױȵ𺳣
飬ӵϵͨ˵Ա
ʲôСӣһɱ˸ϵ֣
ľ˫һضףڿеıǹʱʱȫһûɵشһ
ȻСӣû뵽һԪСȻӵһıû뵽ǣһɱ龳ĸ֣
ľɫϾҽ
ò˵׸˵īҪֲöࡣ
٣ī룬һ˿ν֪֪ף⣬ľҲŲٵķѹī롣
ǣһֻԪ磬һܹɱ龳ֵףȴ鲻Խػ
īǰҳˣҲڣɴȺҷϾɱйͷ֮ޣ
ѵ촽˵񣬾ͺһͷǶһȺᡣ
ã
īˬشӦ
˻
δ䣬ȫڡ
˿׵񣬶̺޾󡪡һԪСȻҪǧһľϾɱ
δҲ̫ˣ
Сӣҹľɱ֮Ǻηʥٱ
ľ״ǳ⡣
׷һۣûдľ˼ֻζһЦīһļһﶼôϲ룡
һȸٻ˳׼ͷʮӳ棬ûˡ
ԣһΪʲôЩ죿
֪ˣǲ֮ǰոյϵھŲ̨ףڵھŲ̨һʶӵ֮ӣ
ԭһֱΪһʥû뵽ȻֻһԪʥߣ
һʥߣȻܹϵھŲ̨ף˳̨Ͽɣֱһ漣ˣӵʶڲƺ̺һödַ׭˵ǵõ˹˵ĴС²ʮа˾ģҪȻһԪСӣƾʲôܹھͶ֮˺ѿռ䣿
һˣܿϳףһ۷׷ס
ӵõ˹˵ĴУĪǻԵɺ֮£˹ؾ֮Уõһַ壿
ľһʱһ²⡣
ڤ
أľתһӣԳŻڤӶӵõ˹˵ĴУܹһ֮˺ѿռ䣬Ҫնɱڳ롣Ҫһʥߵ׷ɱҲࡣ
ڤʹӳ죡
ľڵ֪ƿһִķ֮Ҳû˰ս⣬̴Żڤ׼ʮΪϼƣ֮󼪡



1255 Ļɢ
ವһľΪһӰԷڤԣһһεͽڤЮԶշӶȥ
ٶ֮죬Ѹס
Ӱٲܾûˡ
ﳤ϶ˣǻ翹Ψ·һӡ
Ը׷ɱǣһ·
һˣһֻӴܵĹľڤʱҲûһս⣬һȫӣ˷ɶȥȥ漫ҡ
ǧڵˣʥȪȵľӣȻīŵøεѣһķ֮ûУȫӡ
һĻĵشɵУƱؽΪһЦ
µˣɹ˲ôˡ
ϵľУأǸ˶ֵܹףοǼΪϧʿ
Ǻǣӣûôף
Цһתͷŵʹһɫ
ͬʱһӣֻһƿ֮䣬׵ıУӿĽ׻ȳ棬糱һ˲佫һϴڸסˡ
ণ
ণণ
һ̶ĳĤòֻʶӵһȻһһĿضŸ߿еĳƣ̩ɽѹĿֲƣɵøεѡ
ţҿʲôһȺĽ׻ȳ棿
ǸԪȻһ֣ٻڶĳȺδҲֲ̫ˣ֮ĳȺ˵Ҳ֮࣡
ǵĴΣˣû뵽ӾȻƵĳȺҪӳ죬ǲ̫ˣ
ģʥȪȵľӢӣѵҪһȺӵУ
ǧڵˣɢ˷ڿǵصĳȺʱȫѽѣл̼
ɱ
׵ͺһΪбһɢڸˡ
ণ
ʱڵȵĺ֮£ĳȺ罭ӻ뺣һҲƵسϯȥʱ䣬ͽǧڵ˸ȫû
ﳤϾ
СӣȻɱʥȪһˣʥȪȾԲŹġ
ҲҪΪӵĸ͡
׻ȳȻо綾Ҫˣ˭ҡ
ʮӳΧ׷½֮£ɢڸطˣʱңһ·ŵľо
޿κ֮£ֻȫ߶Ԫеķ׼ˮһս
ϧȺؼƣʮӳܹն񡣵ǣΪͳĹľ֮ززĻɢҲûһ˿һս⡣
ǧˣΪսĶǧ׻ȳĶ֣һ棬ֱӱĽ׻ȳûˣΪ˽׻ȳĸ͡
Ǻǣʮӳ棬θڿɴúܡûιû뵽Ȼв۵Ĵ
׵ȻһЦ촽
Ž壬ǸϽ׷ľһΣǧܷ˻ڤ
ī뱬һʩչڤΪһīȫ׷ɱľڤ
īǰġһϢˡֻҪһͿ׷٣ƾӵĺǣҲӲҵģ
һơ
Ϯͦǹ˿٣ԪƵӿ˿еıǹ
ˣˡ
ǹҲƺҲܵеɱ⣬ʼΪܵزͣѪħѾҪ಻סеˡ
ٺ٣ľΪܹǹܡһҪùľæңΪһɥȮ
һڷӵԪͻû˰֧ÿһ֧̺ž񱩵֮дһödַ׭ֻҪһܹ̾˺ѿռ䣬ء
ͬʱӴܵĹľڤȻһһĿضǵصĽ׻ȳ档
ţǸԪȻһٻڶĽ׻ȳ棡нʮ֮࣡Ҹģ
ڤңɥ߬ȭͷӣһˣ½ᱻϾɱˣǵĴҲΣ
ľ΢΢˫ϰֱġ
Щһжٵûб¶
УҶҪȫڤİȫĻҽûٻصʥȪȣ
ľѽѣ
ɱ
أһȴͣͬʱƿϯȥֻ֧Ϊһĺ⣬ҲƵسŹľڤ
ã
еϮ
ľʶ񣬼ڵһʱ䣬ͲΣ



1256 ﴫͷ
顭
ʱľڵԪƻɽһ㣬ҵϯ
ಣ
ಣಣ
ľڤڲֻ֮£ɿѭһĹ켣ԶնӶȥǱģͺɥȮһ
ΪҪİ֧Ӧǲġ
ȻľС׵ʵ
ݡ
֧ɫ˲仮Ƴգ빫ľûȹľһһ̣֧͵صת򣬺ƹ֮һٶȳŹľڤȥ
ֲһĻùľڤȫһ
ã֧ȻܹǵϢһиɱ
ľҧгݣһӣһɽٻ˳
ͣͣͣ
ţȫתԪһâ
һ̺ſֲĵâЯ龳ֵһ֧֧ײһÿռ𵴣˻
顭
ţһĿռ̮ϯ֧â赲ڲ̲صądַ׭˲ķѡÿһödַ׭ЯżΪֲķ壬˲˺ѳһɵĿռѷ졣
ȥɳĿռѷ죬ƾճ֣һϹ޵ѪڣҪ˶ɣ޾Ŀֲڲϯ
ӣ
϶ǷˣȻһ˰֧ÿһ֧ܹ˺ѿռ䣬ݿռ֮У
ľоԼ׹ԨԱĿֲԼһҪקռѷ֮Уһغ
նĻ֮£ľҪػڤİȫνæңġ
ҺãľӦݣſӹһ٣̣Ƹ߿߸˿һ˶ɵĿռѷ֮䣬ľش
òףùľҵشӿռѷ֮˿ûվȽŸֱ֧Ǵһһ̲ͣ
ಣಡ
ľ̤һ̲ͣЪȫԶնӶȥ֮ľڣľӲеądַ׭ٶȱ飬˺ѳһ˶ɵĿռѷ졣
Ҫ㹻ľ룬ܹ֤ȫ
ϧǣȻľ׿Ҫ˦һȻǳ˵Ρ
ԣڹľŬ˼Σɥط֮ľԽԽʱ̣ľѽѣҧء
ڤӽҪ˳ӳ죬ǲ̫ˡ
Һãһһͼûٻ㾡ȫ֮Ӧÿһʱ䣡
ľһϾ֮ɫ֧æӶеķɽٶ⡣
⣬һͻûһӴıݣ谭Ĺ켣
ͬʱľһӻͳһö͹ĵɫ׭
ڤܷ˳һδ֪ȷİȫ
ľѵ촽˵ǻ뻤֮ǰҵһöﴫͷڽ㣬һöͷ͵֮⣬صʱīҪ׷ɱ㣬ǲ̫ˡ
˵ţһѽеķ׭˻ڤС
׸ﴫͷ
ڤŵɫ׭ˮץסһݣޱȵ˷ܡ
ߣ
ľֹͣ˲϶ӵĽŲ˫·裬ʱһööķĴӹľڷ׷ɶư쵵ĺһʱٻͼһˡգҪī֪ʲôʥȪһĴ
һڹľķģʱҵȼһʱ̹ڻеĹľƳ죬ͺ鸽һ㣬չֳޱȿֲ
쿴ǹľƺҪرˣ
īһһңϵ׷ɱŹľڤһľı仯Ϊ֮һ
û뵽һﻹеûչֳīüͷ塣
ߣˮڣζҪϾɱ̬ʮּ
һߡ
ڤﴫͷԽԽ֧һҧﳤϣһһҪúô˵ţһӣ߶еﴫͷһ׭ȼգһֶ£˲佫ڤӰС
ʱһƽضī־ĿУವһڤƾʧ١
ʲôڤʧˣ
⾿ʲô
ī벻ɵһĻ̼֮ɫ
ãǻڤǴ߶ﴫͷ
īʶ㣬һʱжϡ
ﴫͷ
һ졣
ﴫͷһķ׭߶ܹ֮漴͵֮⡣ڤ߶һöﴫͷѾ˳͵֮⣬ӳǵģ
ī޵ԭΪտ϶ԽڤʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
˭룬ڼֵĹؼʱ̣Ȼڤ֮زز



1257 
˫ü֮һ֡
ûϵڤУȻﴫͷıһ߶Ϳ￪⣬ս
Ҫ֪컯ɾ֮УǺĵش򱶣һľ룬Ѱʿɽˮķһʱ䡣
īǰ
׸ܵīĲģ̴ʵ˵ǻڤеﴫͷж٣
ﴫͷʮ󣬾ʥȪȣҲǲɶõıīĻһʱһƶҲ¿϶ֻһţĻ⹫ľ϶ҲﴫͷӳˣûбҪಫ
ԣһ
īǰȫ׷ڤȻѾ￪⣬ϢһͿԶķȥֻҪѭķ򣬳׷ϻڤ
һҲ̫ԶֻҪҿӱޣһܹ׷
׽üŷɱ
īһϲЦտ׵ļ򣬡Ž壬һܹնɱڤһǧл
ҡͷһЦ˰֣īǰ֮ˡ˵ţ߶ǹ׼һ׷ɱˣҽʮӳһ֮ţʮӳڣǹľ˲㡣
ԣīͷһЦҲҪСġ
һƣٿףݵһһţ̤ӡҲƵسԶշɶݶȥ
īң׵ӰĿ
ء
ʱһ춯ص޺ԴӹľϯҡػΣɽ飬ԲʮĵΪ֮
ţ
īȻһæתͷһؿľķ
ȥֻһͷ֮ߵ飬ƾճڹľͷϿգЯһޱȹϡءͳʥ·ڹľͷϿգƽһͷݵĳ嶯
⡭ʲô
īһʱεѣɴţۣ־ֵضŹľͷϿյ顣
޾ı֮Уϡбһͷʥޡͷʥ޵ģЩŹ֣Ƿһֺһʼ棬ģϴ󣬵Ǹīĸоޱȵ׽
ȣ
ľ˿٣£ս壬˫֮УҲûһη֮ɫһӣֻһĽâһ֧֧ڲԶԿˡ
¡¡
̼䣬ɳĿռѷ죬ھ빫ľǳλ˺˿ɽ飬ҡػΡ
һΣػľɵӹһ٣Ϻ»졣
ī룬㿴ûУͼʥһ˿ܻûɵʥޣΪһĺڵأͶش񣿡
ľһƣһضī롣
ͼʥûʥޣ
ī벻ɵΪ֮һţɫŤī룬һĲ֮ףСͱʥȪȣ޾׷ɱѵڲɣ
Цһī΢΢˫ڱŷ޾ɱ⡣
ī룬ߵǸСӣΪʧˣ
ľʧ٣ʱĵһš
ī룬׶ڹľвȻҪӴ
һľĴΣˡ
ڤǸС飬ӦǴ߶ﴫͷ˰ɣ
ī벻ʡ
û۹⡣
ľһЦûڤɥҹľҲǱܹˣ
ǺǣΪڤܹӹһ𣿡
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ī˫ֱأһߴ߶Ԫһ䷢Ц
ţʲô˼ĻڤѾ֮⣬ѵܹҵ
ľšüͷ
Ž˻ڤϢһﲻ̫ԶҪ˶ãܹڤͷ­ҡ
īЦӸµضŹľ
¹ľ鸽壬ޱȣīҪĻڽսУǳ֡
ʲôŽǸȥ׷ɱڤˣ
ԣľʱпһһĻ̿֡
׵ʵľҲ˽ˡ˵龳ĸ֣׶ûа취
ǻڤ䵽׵УôԶ׼ġ
̼䣬ľҲûһս⣬ҪɶȥԮڤ
ľˣ֪ڤ͵˺δܹģֻаˡ
īһƣŴĵȣʱ˵˵ˣѱǶΪԼǿǰգ



1258 ʥ֮
ľ΢΢һЦһΪζؿī룬ī룬ûŽĸƾһ֮ҲͼԣֱһЦοһʥ鸽壬ɱһӣֱ׾١
˵ţľӰһΣһƬŨ֮УƬ̼䣬һͷ񿥵ɫ룬ƾճڰУצ졣
ľȻû˱̬
ȥһͷޱ񿥵ɫ룬ʥ޵Ļ֮£ܹԾǧǧ硣
ʥ鴫ĿֲƣīûɵΪ֮һţһЦԵĵʹһɫ
ণ
Ҳ̬ܵԣʱʳзһ̶ĳ

һ̣յʮӳ棬ܵ˵ȵٻʼɿۼһ𣬻ûһɫĳì磬·Ҫһǹء˾ǣڰɫĳìˣɢɭɭɫâìͷ
ʣʮӳڵľ綾ںһ𣬻ûɵìͷһУƱؽ裬һغ
ţ
ʮӳ棬Ȼܹһʩչϻ
ûɱ״̬ĹľɵĿ࣬һؿ߿еİɫì
ȫʮӳûɵİɫìЯױȵĿֲƣľѹȣīҪ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
ľʥ鸽壬Ҳ޿֡
ɱ
ֻһȣī̤ƹһɫ˶
顭
ͬʱ޾ȭӰ䣬ÿһȭ̺ڤԪԺһǳ֮䣬ǧȭӰ£ÿռĵɽѣ֮һƬư֮
Сľ֮ԱǣԼ΢СķȲ
ʱһĻˣīڱصõİ繥ƣȻѸľֵֻһСڹľϣΪʥ鸽壬Ҳʹ
ণ
һ
ಡ
֮ϵһɫì͵ػƳգԳŹľ
һȺϣҲ۵ľһƣ͵ػзɽӭǰȥݣɽ̺һĨİ壬һ֮䣬ǧϯأɨҶһ㣬Ҫʮӳһ򾡡
͡
ǧ߽â͵ػ۳һĽâ밵ɫìҪײһɲǣ˾һĻˡ
ԭİɫìȻмѿһΪ
Ľâǡôӳìмȥһûì
һĻгĹľͫ׽һʲôʮӳûɵİɫìȻĶ
ʮӳͬʱʩչϻⱾһŵš
˭룬ʮӳȻʩչϻĹУĶӦ䡣ùľĲ¶֡
ɱ
īץסʱƴʩչ繥ƣסľָһ˲䣬һΪìͷͻƳգɫ
ӴìͷǰɫСľͺµһֻһ̼Ҫһĩ
ã
ʥ壬أ
ľ׷ɣ״ʥ͵ɫìͷײһ
¡
ʱƻײһΪ֮ҡΣΪ֮ѡ
ণ
ণণ
ֻ˷˳һĳϵӿĤɫĳìӦ飬ķѡǧֻĽ׻ȳ棬˲ҷһغ
ʮӳʥ޵Ƶѹ£̱ԭΣ˲ء
ণ
ȲһʳƺڵѪ
û뵽ʥ޵һʥ飬Ȼӵ˿ֲƣƾͽʮӳĺϻˣ
ī벻ɵһʱЩ̼

ī룬Ѿǭ¿ˣҵҪ㻹ʲôУ
ľһ֣ռϷ磬ɵòЦһʥ񿥵ɫ
ƴˣ
īһҧʱһΣûԭʼ̬
ʱһͷȫīޱа룬ƾճڸ߿С
ī븦һضΪ֮һڤ֮С
ণ
ܵīİɱ⣬һٶȴߴӳ棬¼ᣬ׼
սһ
һϢѹָУӿͷ
ˣīǰƺҪ빫ľಫˣ
ӣǵĴɾΣˣһīǰսܣҲһ
ûŽīǰ޷ڲ֮أǼսȥֻԷ٣
īǰƺѾɱۣҪ֣ͣ²ôף
ڲһˣһʧ룬۷׷ס
֡ϷҹһˣҲ˫ֺʮš
ī룬𣿿ס֣ǹľһʥ黤壬㲻Ķ֣
ٿأٻɤ쳹īԺͼī



1259 ʥ
ģзִ硣
īݺݵضŹľҧгݣ״̬ԣŲᱻСָѹһͷˣҲҪʶʶҵѹ׾һ棬ľһͷûˣɥȮһ֮ززδҲ̫ˣ
˵ţԪӿѪڣȫµҲƵӿͷϷС
еİٻ벻ɵһ㶣һʱ̾һ
Ҳա
Уī̫̫裬ܺú÷йһǾԲưոݵģ
ŵ񣬰ٻ̾Ϣ
ţǺã
Сزеǡ
ٻ뵭һЦСز赣ǡīʮӳػңսʤľҲɥ˵ˣҲӲ
˵ţӰһΣΪһӰһöڲ
ಣಣ
Ϸһ˾ֵУһö־Դīıϯ
硣
ݣ
һĻһţϢľûв
ͬʱ۾еī룬ѪڣƳ죬˵Ʋϵزǣħһ
ţ
ī룬׼ʩչؼǡˣ
īľٶΪɫĹľɵһЦҡͷԣ㻹ûпơʥ޵һʥ黤壬ǸԽ˵ţ߶ŷɽֱīͷ­
ɱ
ī뽣üըף͵رһ
ͣ
ͷϷһǣ֮ƫеسŹľͷ­
ī룬ǹľһֱȡԷҪͼһƵУս
ʥ黤壡
īȫһľҵȫ߶ԪٻһԪϣػǰͬʱȫ߶ʥ飬׼һѹī롣
顭
̺޾ԪǣһĳǹһһԪϣ͵һ˹ľ֮Уǰᴩ
ۡ
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵ĹǾһٶ˹ľţҿľӦѸ٣㿪ҪĻͷ­ѣԽˡ
ˣȻأһΣЩӸ߿׹
ܡ
ǣȻ˵Ŀֲ
ľϢţɫ԰ֽһ㵵ضī룬ǰһĻ
ޣҵڤɽʧ˴룬ٻѹ붯ǣ
īһ֣Ϊ˷ܣݺݵһڡ
ˡ
Ȼһֻ̣һϲɣ޺Ĵػڹľʥ飬΢΢һŷһɰԪһٽǸסˡ
ãҵǣ
īһɫٿȻɫ
ʥþ
ľǣŴ߶ʥ飬Գīѹȥ
ŷ˶ʥ飬īҽһ޸֮׷ˣȻ˾֮ĵۻʣŵ˫ϥϢҡָоڱܣèһһԵĿƣȻīԼʯҲԿ⡣
䡭
īо̶֮УֺƱ˸ʩչʯȫӲãֻضʥϯԼѹ̣ȫһķ֮

ī
ûϵԼʥ޵һʥӰʱȻûС
ԭī뻹ͷ֮û֣֮ܵززʮӳϺعľ׷ϲ
ûϵľٻһʥ޵ʥӰȻһ棬ͽīѹˡ
ΪΪ⡣
ī˲ƿڹľС
УһƬ
ˣīѹΣ
ǲīı磬ܱһĻһī䣬ʥƱػὫһ飬Ҳ֮ˣ
û뵽ʥ޵һʥ飬˿ֲȻ׾ٵѹһ龳ĸ֣
һˣһʧ룬˶׼֮زز
򶨣
鼱ͷСزһɫϾ
һˣʱѻȸ
硣
ҡҪ𣿡
ѹϵĿֲѹī֮Ĵ
ī룬ĺҲΪֹˣգҾͽɱԼ층ϵ飡
ľЦƵʤĽͶ֮䣬ƿս֡
ʥ壡
ľ󷨾Ĭдʡ
ʱѹīϵʼģһʥ飬ವһΪһƺ⣬ī֮С
ء
īҺоںӿ޾˺ƴ򣬺ܿҪѿƣʮΣ



1260 ʥ
ī룬ӦҪлҲŶԡ
ΪʥȪȵͷͨ˳ɱصʥȪȣһܵЯ֮࣬ٻ󣡡
ΪˣҾһȫʬʥ֮У꣬жᣬ̶ռ
ľЦī񣬾ͺ޾ıء
ѾԼīʬ壬ʥȪȣܵ˵׷Լ峤Яˡ

Ҳܹһûɡ
īҧѽѡоԼ꣬ͺǿ籩еһյ͵ƣκеһҶۣʱһغ
ʱ޾ĲʣӿͷָĻ棬ƸӰһԺһīڻ̼ƴ⡣
ٸ翹ˣûõġǴͼڷаһʥ飬ԲܹĴڡ
ľһƣضī벻ϳ鴤壬Ц
ণ
ʱǵصĳȺ˲ûһɫɽ壬Ҫһٽľѹһ̲࣬ȻǵȲ˾ƵϾ׼ƴˡ
һȺ˵ĳӣ
ľüͷ壬ʩչϵշתŲţͬʱһ̲ͣ·׷ţ߶ʥжᡣ
ʱһһţսԽԽϾ
ء
ѹī룬ȫ鴤˫֮вѪ˿ƴš
Ȼī꣬ʥ֮£ԽԽֿҪĸоָоīץ
ҳ֮󣬾ͱʥȪȣУ¿꣬һƾһǻѪ벻ʣ龳磡
һֱţܹɱʥȪȣĸȳһѩǰܣ
ϧһޣҪǹƥɱʥȪȣѰ·
īҲʥȪһУ
ǴСҪҵδҲ̫רԵˣ
īŭе˼ȫû޾Թ̼䣬ȫµѪҲƵطеҲӿƺʱҪӿ
īˣһﳹ׷ˣ
ˣһοǱӳˡ
ҲͰˣ峤СزɲǱһΣ
һ࣬۷׷ס
硣
ûõģֻ·һΪһٳĵʯ
īģľҡͷЦҡҡͷϧûнŽǸסĻҿɾ˸湦ˣ˵ţ̾һԸڤŽǸСӸץסɡ
ಡ
ʱһâϢͻûȹľӦ󱳾ͱӲضһȭͷСѪ
۵һľһΣƶߵķһԴӸ߿׹вӿѪ
ʲôȻеϮ
ľǿžʹ촽ֱ£ûжϴһ벽ķ͵ϮңϮĵһʱ䣬ľͷɿɢʶ̽
벽͵Ϯùľл̿֡
ͨ˵ܹӵа벽˵Ҳһ龳֡
龳ĸɱǰī룬ǹľĴΣˡ
ˣ
УһöȭͷСı֣תͣٻԴ
һߡ
Ϊľܴīڵʥ飬û˽вٿأҲͣ״̬
һߵī룬һס񣬷𷴹
߾Ҳʲôʥޣͼռҵ壬ǳ룡
ҵڣȻһѪһ죬ҪɱʥȪȣһ˸Ͼɱ
ÿһˣҵ˲֮ףչ޾׷ɱǴʼգҶûһʥȪȵ飡ֻҪܹұԣгһգҪʥȪ𣡡
ī״ȫѪҺڣ걩壬һħ
һߡ
ľһͳһö鵤УʱؿڵѪۿӵٶȣɿϡţһΣԾϸ߿գضŲԶһö֣һ֮ɫϢ룡ǺηʥϽ
˵ţľٿŷɽȫ衣
ָôľݵһΪһӰʧ١
ٻΪһ飬ٿű֣ҲǹľĶ֣ԣû
ڰٻ۷״̬˵һľˣ龳ĸ֣ٻ붼
ţ
ʧˣ
ľüͷһ֣ëȻĸо
ণ
ʱǵصĳȺ糱һٶȳŹľϯ
ľʱһæңԹ˲Ͼ



1261 Ѫ
תһյĹ
ȫԡѪĹľ糱ĳȺУɱһ߽߳һնɱǧֻ׻ȳ棬ľҲҧñˣΪصǣľ˾綾ֹۡ
ҿľΪ龳֣ʥȪҲǺĳϣЯ裬̳һö֮󣬺ܿڵĶؾ;Աų⡣
ಣ
һΣľɣٶɱΧ
ȻûȹľվȽŸһͶͷֶ£ľС
ţ
ãұסˣ
ľһæ߶еķɽȫ
ûϵʮ㣬ľķ˲ʱ䣬ſӹһ١
ˣڱʱ򣬹ľǲҵΪ׸İӣһ˷Χȫ¼ûһƤ⡣
ಣ
һöȭͷСı֣һγڲԶİС
һӺ
һľɣƴȫɱΧɱ죬Ѫɱ
֪˭ˣ
ûв´ӦþǴ˵еİٻ룡
ľ΢΢˫ضŲԶı֣û뵽ʱǨ˵ܹߴֽɱİٻ룬ȻҲһغֻʣһöֹҴˡ
ֵܵϢֲľɵӣҲ³һ
תıΪ֮һ٣ವһһӰӱȻǰٻӵģ
Сӣ
Ȼֻһ飬ԸҲ׾٣Ȱ㣬ǸϽͶҴ󷢴ȱܹһ
ٻЦʮֵİ
һЦ
ԣľЦƺʮֻνƽȮۣٻ룬Ϊһ飬ҵĶ֣ȻųҹԹԾͶҡͷһЦľû̫ԥɣЯ̩ɽѹĿֲƣԳŰٻնɱȥ
ণ
һһֵҪľ

ϧľһӣһâͽȸ˳ȥ
龳ĸǰʥĵȣһ֮Ĳ࣬ͺǵ蹵һԽ
Сӣ֪ô
ɱ⣬ٻһţӰһӣ˱֮УವһԶȥ
ûа취״̬İٻ룬ʮܲ龳ֵش
һУٻƱؽһ
ӣûôף
ľһƣȻҲ֪ȺΪλյһ飬ǣֻҪܹ˳նɱôͬǴһҷɻڴһɳ졣һˣľɱԽŨ
ˡ
˭룬ʱһӴĿֲ޺Դϯڳ飬ȫȻһ޴롣
ǰٻı֣ǵصĳȺͼѪĹľȫŲһ٣׷׳Դȥ
ֲħĲˣȻǱʥī룡
ΪʮӳٻİľԹ˲ϾȻûа취ٴ߶ʥīжᡣ
Ϊˣīŵõ˴Ϣ֮һٷ׼ѪǱص޾Ǳ
ī츳Ѫʥѹ£ھˣ
˵īΪɫ룬츳ѪһУһĴڡǣΪī벢Ȼ֮飬ԣҪ׾ѪҪʥȪȵĻѪزС
ûϵʱգӻѪͼڷаһʥ飬īԾڵѪ
ˡ
ĿУī벼Ѫ˿͵رһâ˿٣޾ڤϯ
ˣضΪ֮жħԲǧĵ򣬹ʧڵص׿ռеڤ桢飬׷Ŀ˸˸ضīڵķ̬ϣǳʥһͶش
ȥغ׹ڤظ֮УûɵظоëȻ
⡭⾿ʲô
ľһľ֮ɫ𾪵ؿī룬һ̣ùľҵһĻˣʲôҾȻܲʥĴˣܣǿʥڰһʥ飬ôīСܹĴڣ
ľɴţۣо׹ξ֮Уǰһжܲʵ
ľ˵һҪİҲŵԾѪ̲Ѫе޾ȫ
īӰһΣɣԷ߿գ·һµģľҲ̺һĨмɫ



1262 Աδ
˻
ľɵõһĿضī룬ǿԶһεѡ
ܣһӣôʥ飿
ңڻԵɺ֮£˳츳Ѫ
ľԴ˵һƱ˸ͷһðǣͷĿѣ
ԭΪ߶ʥռīī𣬼ǰ϶顣
˭룬ͼڷаʥ飬Ȼīˣң츳Ѫ
һĻùľڲ֮׵Ĵ˵Ųɡ
˵Ҳһܵ顣
ϾʥͼڷģʥȪȵĻѪأԴͷͼڷġ
ʥ壬ǵûܽī𣬻⼤īѪ
īһֱûа취뻯ѪؾѪֹֻܹ龳磬Խ
īΪɫѪī˵һϲ¡
ӽī츳Ѫݹ컯ɾ飬ҲǰéĴڣҲֻиŵ峤ܹīһϸ¡
С
ţʲô飿īȻʥ֮˳츳Ѫ
īôɫ룬һѪǿžţ츳֮뺷°ٻ롢СزҪĪ
һ츳Ѫī룬жôֲīǫ́Ͽɣ׾ٵ顣
ţ츳Ѫī룬ʮа˾ܹΪ𾳽Ĵ֣һ屧ȣ֮٣
һˣ۷׷ף־ϲ
Сزһˮӣϵش߶ڱһʶȷʵһջϲȵȷīѪ֮󣬲ɵϲЦտ
̫ˣīǰøѪ
ӣĹľƱֻ·һˣ
ȵīǰ̤벻𾳽֮ɱʥȪȵӣָտɴ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣ׷׻ȭͷЦ
硣
īն׷ɣЯһɾĶǵĿֲƣض޴ĹľС֣㻹ʲôҪ˵
ľϥһЩڵأ촽һضţԲԼ˫ģҾȻ˴īѪƲɵΪʥȪȵͷ֮
أľһҧ˫֮ӹһĨٿī񣬼׺ݡ
ī룬˴ǻصʥȪȣҲһᱻ𷣣
ȻˣҾҲҪΪʥȪȲ
˵ţľȫԪӿΧǧɵĿռ䣬ȫҲͬʱһټǬƾճڸ߿У޾
ľȻٻ˱磬Ҫಫˡ
ľ㻹û˸ҵԲһHСܹģգܹҵҲˣ
īЦӿ޾ͬʱһһ״֮䣬֮ϯƽӻ뺣һŹľıϯȥ
顭
ī츳Ѫɹ֮˺̥һӵ޾ټеĶ״ƥÿһ£ùľıӦѣһɲѷ졣
ۡһľһΣ³һ̲ŧѪ
Ҹƴˣ
ľرһƲӥã͵ظ߸Ծ𣬳ī˶ͬʱȫµĽѪ⣬׷˺ѣ޾ԪŽ
ãҪԱ
Զİٻæ
С
īնŷ˶ĹľеĶ״͵ֶɣЯ޾֮ڤԺ˹ľ֮ϡ
䡭
ֻһı龳Ĺľڶ״ĺ֮£һʱ侹ķѣѹһ̲ࡣ
ء֮ʣľֻüҺһҲû˰졣
Хɳ׷ɡ
īɣ˹ľʬϿգһľʬףͱīıУ龳ֵʬףǲɶõı˷ˡһЦתͷӶŶ״㽫ľıҳһټĿһԾ˱ڲ
⹫ľĲƸȻ˷񣬿ʥȪΪߴ֮һȷǳòƴְ
촽ī뼸û˿ԥһӣ޾ϯľıеĵر鵤ҩ辧ʯֱȫԼıУΪС



1263 ջϲ
һڽҾ츳Ѫ֮󣬾Ȼ˿ֲ۷״̬ûоԵİսʤ֮
īϯĿֲƣƶħһٻ벻ɵһզп
ͬʱ³һϲЦտ
ðٻûϵǣ츳Ѫ֮ī룬Ȼͽ龳ĹľɱˣѴ֮
īǰ龳Ĺľûл֮ͺһ޸֮ˡ
־޴ƣðٻ벻ò̾īı̬
˵ī츳Ѫͬ龳УѾܹ֮ƥˡ
ڲ
һľҳһ̲ʬƾճڱڣΧԶһˣŵøεѣ໲Һų˷Ӵ
СزһضŹľʬףһʱԲԼ۾
ǿ쿴ǹľīǰֱҳһ̲࣡
ʹ찡Ҳһڶ
Ҳţ
֡Ϸҹһˣ֮󣬺ܿͷӵǰȿֺز̤ŹľʬףйеԹ
ľЩȫû
ҿڱپĹͷīѪ˳Ťת˾ơ
ҪȻ˵ĴʮΣˡ
Ǳʬˣ龳ֵʬǳ󡣡Сزľʬ壬̤һĹͷûУЩۡ
ԣϷҹһˣᣬأԲĵŹľʬ壬֮󣬷ź֣ͣһӴЦ

ţ֮ĵرʯ裬鵤ҩﲻӿ˱ڲѵһɽ壬ɢӨӨı⣬˲佫˵Ŀȫסˡ
˻
һѵɽ衢ʯ˲ɵ˫Ź⣬һصĿˮ޲ǰȥѵɽıռΪС
ʣЩīӹľıнɻսƷν
ߣȥ
Ϊīǰϲ
Ϸ֡˵Ӱ½ӱڲϯ
СزϲЦտٻˣҲӱڲӶ
硣
ħī룬ҽҲʮײУһյĹ򣬾ͽľıѹεһɶʣµһЩ鱦ҪôֵҪôīۡ
ಣ
ѹ֮īӶ״һĺңֱӽľıҵ÷顣
ϲīǰ
ϲīǰ
īǰ˳츳Ѫݹ컯ɾܹ츳ѪᲢ۵ˣҲָδ
Ϸ֡ҹһˣһּشӵīһ㡣
СزˣҲӵǰ֮ʡ
еϲãī뵭һЦ˰֣λҵôáʵϣǴͼڷаһʥ飬ûؽҵѪ

δ䣬ȫһƬȻһɫŹֵؿī롣
īѪûȫ
ʲô
ʱһؿī롣
ֻǶԵļѪܿͻָ
ī밧̾һϾҵıΪɫ룬ҪѪѶȷǳ󡣿ֻ뻯Ѫ֣ͼڷĵļӳ֣ܹѪеǱھһʥ飬ҵİֻʱԵġ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһһĿɬ
ǿջϲһһΪīǰӽ󣬽׳Ϊžˣ˭룬ûľѪ
ӣɫҪѪѶϵ̫̫󣡡
ò˵īǰھѪ֮󣬼ֱǷɱɱͨ쳹أܵǣҪʥȪȻѪأɲô׵ġϾʥȪв𾳽ĸ򣬹Ǵɫ룬в١īǰ̤˲𾳽磬Ҳû̫İա
һˣһ̾Ϊīеϧ
ô˵һξѪҲǼʶīǰǱţֻҪīǰպһܹؾѪġ
Сزһؿī롣
īͷһЦٿһΣһǧɣҪӸ߿׹ͺ͸֧˾һɫ԰ףͷ¡
īǰ
īǰô
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׷׳ǰͳһöö鵤ҩīĿС
ī˫ɿ֮³һ¶һĨɬЦ⣬Ǹôҵˡ
ī룬ǻǸϽ뿪ɣһսҲ֪᲻ǡǶȻܶڴˡ
ʱٻǰ顣



1264 ·
˵û
ī˵ͷҹϷһһңī
īǰҪǾٱˡ
˵
ī룬ҿСزҸ·ɡСزȻֻʥ磬Ϊ룬ѰʿѲټٻ뽨顣
īһʱ˵ͷҲֻˡһ٣īɤˣȲŸ·µĵ֮ҪӦŽǣ˵Ҳ֪ŽĿǰôˣ
ণ
ʱȴ䵽īļϣֹ
á
īһʱЦŵ˵ͷȻˣ·ǩԼͨȻǣƾӦܹжŷλġ
˵ȴ·Ѱ׽ࡣ
λҵıɡ
СزһЦһӣһεϯڳˣȫЮ
˺һΣƾʧ١
ণ
һǵصʮӳϯ£СزɵСǺ죬һľʧ롣
Ҫʮӳ棬ҵıУ
Сزһĵȣһҡ
СزΪʥƷʣȻףǣʮӳȫûġ
ֻǣ׻ȳ̰ԣ֮ݲ׹ۡǽСزıڲԼһɨСزɾˡ
ণ
һƺܵСزĲ⣬һΣΪһ⣬ֱ񷡣
һӵȵڣӿһټĽɫԲ̣յһȻǵȵıڡ
ܿ죬ڵȵĴߴ֮£ʮӳƽӻ뺣һһ;ӿ˵ȵıڲ
ಣ
ţȴСزԣƺСز̸ʳһһȵǰȥ
Сزֹ޿κεҡͷһЦʱŲת
ΪʥȻҲб磬ֻͨ£ȶԸ⽫ӳ뱦УΪ׻ȳ̰ԣ棬ܹһ߸·һɨһ뵶ȵıУֻܹˡ
շ֮ʮӳڽɫУʮ󣬿ײڣʮӳĿ̫󣬾ֻóȺίһˡ
СزıڣϷ֡ҹһˣϵضСزıͷ㣬˵˵ȥ޷ǳСزıƷʣʥҪһء
СزƫƫҲĻֻûûһӰһһظ·

ת۾׷ɱڤѾ졣
ݣ
һգյգڤֳһһ·ʥȪȵķͿշУͷ䡣
ī룬һصʥȪȣһҪ峤ø쾫ңʬΣ
ڤȭͷֱ졣
ǸŽ壬һҪãķ塣ֻҪܹõ˵ĴУͶ˺ѿռѷ죬ôҵս龳֣Ҳ޾ɫˣ
һλѰһĹףͼͻƿһ̤龳磬ڿƺǲˡ
ڤһ߸·Ժе˼һ·׷ɡ
ݡ
أһĺ⣬Զϯͬʱһǿƣƾκһʱ˻ڤע⡣
ãиֳû
ڤɫţæһΣһƬɽ֮УϢĿתؿԶӰ
Ȼ˵ڤӵʥΪǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ龳ĸ֣ĻѰ˺ѶγвǣΪĳ֣ŵĸ֣ӿĵشпܻڤͻ龳ĸ֡
˵ˣ֮ǰīһͨȻûڤ˾֮񣬵ʧǿж
ܿ죬ԶһӰɿӰԽԽ
ȥϡԿһɫļʸһ·ƿնɣֵһǣ֧ȻȫûɣĿǣβȻһͦεӰӰ˿٣ʮֽ˶ڤϡЩ졣
ڤΪʥȪȵ֮ӣȻһڹһͷԣҲµЦ
үүݹ٣Ͻ
ըס
ɽ֮еĻڤɵȻһһʱɢŵɫ԰ףɫ
ʲô
ŽǸȻ׷ɱˣ
ڤҧ
ôܣҿ͵֮⣬һ·֮ҲδͣЪһȻڶ̶̵ʱڣ׷ˣ
֪ҵλõģ
ڤһʱ˼άң



1265 ˣ
ڻڤʧĵڣһ֦ڸ߿лһƯĻߣԳŻڤصɽ
ڤͫ׽æˡ
䡭
ֻһıټһɽ壬̼ķѣɽʯ䣬̳졣ֲ񳱣˷ϯҡػΡ
Ž壬㡭㾿ô׷ģ
ڤлңһŵضס
˵ڤΪʥȪȵ֮ӣССҲǧսʲôļѴ
˵һԪʥˣǧҲûڤңδսӵĸо
ǣ׵ǹƥֻһԪС
ڻڤʥ̳ǰȴ̫һûڤᣬûಫ
Ǻǣ˵ϢҪӳҵģǳ롣׵һЦ
ڤһţرƽ
Ž壬㲻ǸʥߣȻǹƥ׷ɱһʥδҲ̫ˣ
㣬ͷźţʥȪԮҪ˶ãʥȪȵԮͻɱҪʶģ͸ϽҿǸɶõĿţһ·ĻһʥȪȴɱɾûʲôˡ
ڤ
δ䣬һЦоʮֻû뵽ʥȪȵ֮ӣȻ˰Եˣսʤ֮ȻˣƤӡҡͷһЦһĵһڣ㣬Žֵû֣˵ʥȪȵԮʥȪȵ峤ˣҲ
ڤһһɰŭҭɤۡ
ŽĿδҲ̫ˣ
ʥȪȵ峤ǰ
Ҫ֪ʥȪȵ峤룬ǲ𾳽ĸ֣
ϧڤ֪ƿŹ˴ķ壬Բ𾳽ͨҲشΪˣ׶ڲ𾳸ֵľη֮ģ׵˾ȥˡ
Ž塣
ڤҧ֮䣬޳ԹΪβϷһ·
ʼ򣬡㲻ˬа
˵ţ߶Ԫʼеıǹ׼ɱ䡣
׸ڤг׵УڤʥȪȵ֮ӣѾǽ֮ˡһ֮ûʲô̸۵ġ
ţ
ڤһеıǹŵᶼҪˣŽ壬Ȼ֪ΪһҪҸϾɱǣϣܹһλᣬһιƽĻᣡҪȻģ
üͷһŶƽ
˵ųҿһһƣڤ㵥ѵƽôЦҪ˵ƽײžòƽء
ϾͨĶͬʿֻԪ磬ڤȴӵ磬˸һεġ
ûоòƽڤȴˣ⻹ô
㣬㡭
ڤ촽˼£һ졣ƺҲԼﲡѳڣҲֻӲͷƤ㲻Ź˴ķ壬˲һɱ龳ĸϡû˹˴ķ壬ҵһ֮С
бŻڤǿһֻˣӼĺһһʱ侹ʧЦ׼úöڤˡ
ڤ˵Ҫôǹƽ
üͷһΪζؿڤ
Уڤ˵κһ仰ǿջӰԼ⡣ֻãⶺŪһ»ڤˡ
Ͼƽ֮ӣƿɶһԼˣƤҲǸеΪȤġ
»ڤôҲ뵽Լ׵УһֻŪĺӡ
Ҳ壬Ҿһ£
ڤڳһģʵзǳ飬Ͼƿռݣڤ
׵һЦ
ҪǽӮ㣬ͰԼҵһƨˡ
ҪˣҪɱҪУϤ㣡
ڤ
ңʲôӮˣ뿪ӮˣȴһҪɱ㣬һһ𣿡׸оȻζ
ڤֻǸ廨ͷʵҲۣˣƤӵĹҲʮֵ¡
ǡ˵Ҫڤɫ৵һ±òҰֽһŵؿס
һʱ⣬ҪˣҲɱ㣬ǣҪڵأԺһʶӡӽҵūͣδţ
ʲô
ūͣţڤȻһޱؿס
ʥȪȵ֮ӣȻҪڵأΪ׵ūͣ
ҪǴȥƱؽΪһЦʥȪһ嶼ΪЦ
У
ҾҲܸʥȪĨڣܱϥΪūͣڤҧгݡ
ЦһҲٷϻǹǣһ£һ֦ȫɽɫѪ۶ɵƴ
ţ
һ׵ıǹڤʱϥǷһǻؿףҡҴӦ㡭
ʲôû˵㡣
һĲͷ
ҴӦ飬ֻҪ˾̹ڵأΪūͣţԹڤɤ
Цŵ˵ͷ˱ǹ
˱ǹڤʱһɣѹС˲٣ȴǰ˼⣺ߣҪ㣬ԸҲԲΪūͣڣʱɱһ£ҳ׼ʱһɱŤתս֡
֣ЦеؿŻڤ񶢵ûڤȫëǳܣڤΪԷһѪģΥֻءΣ
ڤһһֵضףûϵˮ©ûп϶ꡣ
ʱڤ
ȻעڤЩܲ
ȻˣҸ廨ͷҵūʮɣҪˣ͸īǰūͣţ̷ңΣüͷһ
ʲôҸīǸӵūͣ
ڤʧ
ī˭ʥȪӣһͷͨ
ڤ˻֮ӣǳΪīūͣһ˦ڻϣ
תһ룬ΪīūͣҪȳΪһ֮ūҪõöࡣ٣īҲһѪ龳֣īȥʥȪȵ˲
ãҴӦ㣡
ãڤ¶˾һ㣬͵
ãôڣǾ͸Ѫġװ˰֡
ڤϲ׷ڣָѪġ
ףͬѪġ
ѪģԲΥĻ⵽ԣڤõ׻
ֻҪôӹдķ壬ôҲûʲôµˣ



1266 һ
ԹŶһͨĿˣûоη֮ġ
Ž壬ҷǳĻԵܹù˵ķ򴫳У컯ɾġ
ǣΪʥӣէʲô졣ΪԼõ˹˵ķ򴫳УͿԺа˻ģˣ
ڤЦ׵񣬾ͺһֻĥƽצӵͻη塣
ѾѪģöù˴ķ塣
һ׶ڻڤв͵Ȼ޴档ڤȫƾŸһľΪѹס
롣
ĻڤײɵƲƲ죬ĮһЦ㻹ʥȪȵ֮ӣȻ޴ΪΪһʱ嶯ŴӦҪ󣿡ҡҡͷһƣʵ㣬Ҳ÷壬նɱʥ׾ٵ顣
˵ţ׵ڣԪȣ޾ıӿȥ׺˿٣۷׷ɣ˾ӨԲӲӡ
ãҾֽһ¡ҵÿһԪСӣжôʵ
ڤ׵Ļмһˣ߶ಣڸ߿°ǧӰ˲佫׸Χ
ÿһӰϢۻ룬ѱ١
׸ֶһ
ֿԡһʩչѰۡ
һȥǧӰȫɻֻһӰƶʳһ׵ļ˶
ޣӾȻʥȪһ֮ӣǸһ嶪
вм
һ֮ӣսʱ򣬲ӭսȻػص˵ıͼ͵Ϯ
ȣ
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲ڤͻһɽԳ׵ͷ­
ͬʱǧӰҲͬʱƣ糱Եֵ
ն
ǧһ֮ʣһһ̺ŰѪĽâٿش׵ֱֵڤ
ʲô
ڤ˫ɵúһܣôܹʶҵ
ͣ
ֻһûȻڤףɫĽâֱӽڤ˳ȥصСλãȻһǵѪۣѪˮϵشѪӿѪⷴת׹ɭɭ
ǲҵľ˿ôĿġ
ۡڤ۵һ³һѪźһֻưܵķһҵشϢ㡭ȻþŹŵĲն
˵һۿ˻ڤѾûڤϵĻôʩչġն͸ûڤĿˡ
Ҫ֪նǾŹŵĲǴɽ̳ɼҷ
ǾŹŵĺĵӣҲʸ
Ψн۳ϣ㹻ʸնɼҷ
ΪŹŵɼҷϸƣø޴֣ʩչ˻ҲûܴӾŹŵеõһɼҷ
˭룬һէʥߣȻ˾Źŵɼҷնңòƻʮִ죬ϰ˶һ
ⲻòûڤһ׵ʵˡ
Ǻǣⲻҵıɽһǰˡһиľϲȴ㡣
׽̤ӡһΣͺһöڵһŻڤ
ո
ڤѽѣֻһȣڤȫԡһöԲ̴СĻƾճ֣ڻڤͷϿա
ֵһ˲䣬Բǧĵ¶ֱݿήӴɺԣ׹˻¯֮Уȫʮָ
ţ
ʲô
һĹˣԳŻڤײȥڿҪڤײһʱ׵͵ӿ޾ĽɫѪϯأһԡѪɱս
¡¡
ƻײһʱɽѣҡػΡ
ȫԡѪףȫԡĻڤЯŸԵıԴ׺ݵسײһ
ţ˾Ե˳ȥƱ߷ɵɳ
飡
飡
ڤɳʮص׹صס
ʲôҵı𣬾ȻûһٽŽճɻҽڤҧгݣ͵߬ȭͷǵ͹ˣ
ڤ֧Ҫһ۵һһ̲ŧѪоŴ߹۶˺üʹ̡
ģҵǣΪڣȻһʥ߸ײ˽ǣд
ڤһͳ˼ö鵤ҩһ븹У߶Ԫܿ죬ȫµ˿ڱۿӵٶ޸ϡ
һߡ
һʹļɵһƣڤǣӦòʥΣټбϣֱһηңҲֻưͳԻķݣ
һ˿Ѫ׸һΣһǹ͵شӵص׿ռһɳ졣



1267 
ȵڤӵص׿ռǱʱһ㵵ؿն˫ֱأصȺԼˡ
ʲôشȻһָû죿
˵ʮĹеһŽ壬ȷǷͬ졣һĿ࿴
ڤ̾һ
׵һЦ
ҵǣʥʥУǳ͵Ĵڡû뵽ȻûռϷ硣
⻹ҵޣҵҪŽ壬жôֲ
״䲻ĵЦ⣬ܴ˵ĻڤһƬҪ֪ڤʥʥȪȵ֮ӣȻϣȻһԪС¡
־޴Ը߰ĻڤԳܡ
ʲô
̶ֳȣޣüͷһЩ
Ǻǣһͻŵøεѣͷߵˣ
ڤһЦٿƷɣĬдʡ
ʱȫµı𣬷ҲƵȼһ֮зɳһööصķģͨ죬ȫɻ۶ɡ
һƣȻڷǣ
׽Żڤȫ߶Ԫҵ
ҵĸף𾳽Ļ룬ҵʮöġЩģ̺Ÿ׵ı뾫Ѫҵ̥ǣǣǱƷʣҪһɳ졣
Сӣ̫ĿˣȻӦ˴ķ壬ಫڣҾһʲôʥȪһĴУ
ڤ
顭
һ̣ڻڤһööģư쵺һ͵˻ڤһڤȫⱩ͹һööĸƤĤ֮ϣȥȫԡĻڤһͭս

̼䣬ԲǧĻľ뿪ʼȼȹ̣䣬׹¯УȫƤⶼҪȼա
Ȼˣ¶ȶ˵ֵһᡣ
ԭݲµģڻڤ˳ںʮö֮󣬿ʼʧϾ
û뵽ڤƷʣȻܹһΣüͷһ֡
ɱ
ֻһŭȣȫԡĻڤЯ޾ĿֲѹԳ׷˶˵ĸоͺһƶĻɽ
Ž壬ʮĹеһĴڣ㣿
һЦӭǰȥ
ͣͣͣͣͣ
֮䣬һնͷŶûڤҶ㣬ʮֵǱ
յգ޴ɶ㣡
ڤдʣͷϿյĻ򣬵ʱâʢͶһ۵Ĺֱӽ׸С
ʱ׸оǰһƬããҹ⣬еľȫʧ١
ͬʱ˵ƤĤƺҪȼһʹ̡
Ž壬Ѫ繯
ײʾһ޾ĽɫѪҲƵش׵ϯ죬Ƹǵء
ȭ
أɴ֮УһӰһһȭͷһȭӳһӿûһǣ׺Ҷ

״粽ãȭӲ
һ׺ɨҶһƷ˳ȥȫƤ⽹ڣѪˮ硣
ǺǣСӣϷںͷ
һ֣ڤЦȭӰ׷ɣ꣬Ҫ׸û
顭
˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬰ǧǣͻ۳ϯһ£˵Բǧĵ򣬶Ϊһ޿ӡ
ǧһ֮ʣ׶޿ɶ㣬ۼֿ죬ͳһɳ˸߿ա
䣡䣡䣡䣡
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʱһǳѵĿֲ죬糱ϵӿĤ˶Ĥۣͷѡ
ȥڤ˴ͷŶĽȭȻһɳСĶײһһ̣Ӧѣ׵һһ˻㱼ֱΪ֮С
ʲô
ǾŹŵġɳ
ڤһˡ
ΪʥȪȵ֮ӣڤʶ㣬ֻһۣϳʩչǾŹŵɼҷɳ
Сӣ˶ɼҷҲһʥߣȻͨüɼҷ
Ž壬е㲻նɱˡӹдķ壬ɼҷʥȪ˵޾ıأ
ڤһղնɱ㣬վҪʥȪȴ޾ѣ
һˣڤ߶ģҲƵسױӶȥ
ġȭûп⡮ȭҲһֲɶõɼҷ
զпۼڤ˶ʱһƣһ޿֡



1268 絶
ڤΪþɳ֣ܿѵսʽ׽
űǹΪдɳټǳ׿ҪԶ뽫նɱڵ֮ѡ
ǣһ׵ıǹͺôˡ
οڤȫ£ںʮöģһɳ죬Ҫ俹⣬ʮּѡ
һˣڤ׼Ϊƹ֮סףڽս
Դˣ׺⣬ڣͶõĸо
Ϊ׵ǣͬûдﵽ״̬
Ͻۣ
׵ͺһ
ˡ
ʱһıԴ׵ͣһööϽɫۣ׵ȫ£һĻ÷˶ĻڤɵýŲһ٣ɫ졣
ţҿʲôӾȻˣڤ
ʱ䣬˵ǣͽ˶˺üͬʱȫȫ۸ǣֻһаȻ˫Ȼһͷޡ
ûڤŵǣȫµĸؽڴһ絶ļ̣һ˸˸׵һצ絶˸ѪĹ
㡭ʲô
㾿廹壿ڤضס
׵һЦڤܲ˼ظ㣬Ҳͬûнļ״̬չֳҵҪںʮöĵǿҵ۽ʤһ
û״̬ף˵Ҳ̺Žû죬̹ǡ
Ͻۣ
ڤЩڵأԺҡεúƲ˹һһԪСȻԽǴزδҲ̫ˣԭΪ׵Ž壬ڤƽʱ״̬޼
ֻҪڤںϴӸ׻봦õʮöģ̿ռϷ磬׸ѹһͷ
ûϵ׻ɱûʩչ
ûڤ
ɱ
ȣ̤ӡԳŻڤ˶ȥ
顭
ĿһĻˡֻʥĻڤʥ߼ףȫû·ͺһһȭӣÿһȭÿһţȭȭ⣬ʮ־
ȣһȣ׼һ϶צһӣһڤļϣֱӱ˺һѪܵƤ⡣
ڤ۵ֱС
߾
عڤȫҫٶȶȻһ̨ףֱӶ׵Ķצһƴϥײ׵߹Ǵ
һױ˳ȥڤ໲ҽУϥֱл
ҵϥǹǣȻˡڤҺ
ɳȥףһշסӣ¶һĨѪЦ⣬̤ӡû˿ͣ٣ٶȳ໲ҺĻڤ˶
һˣ
ںʮöĵȻ״̬µҪѷһ
ݣ
ڤӿ޾ı֮顣
ûϵԼ˸׻֮£Ȼ׵Ķ֡ףֻһԪСˣ

һƿһšһǳȺХֱڤͷ­һͷµĴա
ڤʶ񣬻æ㿪Ҫһ߶˼ιǣһֱ۶ʱ
۵һڤſ³һѪ˫֮вѪ˿
ˣҵʵֿȭⲫֻ·һڤҧٿصͺһǬٻ
Ǵۻ｣ʥĴڣҵȭͷѶˣţҵĴۻ｣׽նɱ
˵ţ͵ش߶ڵ޾һӿеڲ
ͣͣ
ʱڤе͵۳һһֽУԼĪɫи˳ѵĸоɫĽиһֱѩصĻþ˫϶ΪһǱ죡
ۻ｣ʥȪȺպıغ꣬͸ڤıڲӡűıԴһһȻƷǴʥ֮󣬿Ȱ벽
ۻ｣
΢΢һɵһЦڤ֪Ĺ֮ˡ
ԣڤüͷһһЦ
֮ΪıųʹĸֱЩżһҷҲܹΪˣ
ײмһЦ
ڤʱɫһ
С󣬻ڤľǱ˵ǸڻӻµĻ䣬Ϊڤһ·޶ٿɸĹ¼෴ÿһƿҪ׻ЯƽõĸĵرҲڻ롣
飬ʤö١
˵ڤĳɹһڴӻڴѪһ룬ǵڻ벻ƳɱĸڻڤŬȴǲࡣ



1269 ȫ
ٷϻνΪΪܣֻҪһնɱôҾʤߣ˵ĸ蹦̵£㣬ֻ·ϵһŵʯˡϣںʤٹ⣬û˻ںʧߵ
ڤֱУ޲ǰ׸ʬΣҡ
׵һЦڻڤеĴۻ｣мһˡ
ЦһʥĴۻ｣Ҳͼսʤף
ǰŪ
ϣϣϣ
˵䣬ڤȻ˶ƹ֮һеĴۻ｣Ҫء̼䣬Ŀռ䣬ϱѣڱײзѣ糱
׾ͺڿռ֮УһпܷǣУɲ⡣
Ȼ˵״̬µףȫһηȫͭԴʥ׻Ϊɵġ
ʩչӡƹȣڤһʱմ׵½ǣһشˡ
ǣڤеһԴۻ｣ܲ͸磬Ҫϣץס϶һٻڤνã
ڡ
ͣ
ڤ˫һ϶ΪһһɶҲƵسײƶƺҪ׸廨̺ɽȻͬƵȼڵһס̾ͻᱬѿʱƱؽըķѣǡ
ײɵȻһαˣ
ֻӴܵʱ򣬱ڤץסᣬһٴұۡһעѪĿġ
̶ֳȵƣ˵ȫϣ˿ڵλñۿӵٶȷɿ޸ϡ
Ž壬ڵˣڤһ֣ʱдϲ䱾ط
һƣҡͷһЦ
ʥĴۻ｣
ڽ״̬£޷ʹýǹΣҲڱľѹһͷ
ǺǣҲ湻ˣʱöˡ
û뵽ҷȻܹҵħƽצƳ
׵ͺһ˫צһӣ˫צ֮ϣʹ˰벽צס
ʱһصĿֲƣ׵ϯҡػΣ˻
ţ
ʲôһ벽
ϵħƽצڤһʱĿ࣬ᡣ
ûϵէСȻӵ֮ı֮䣬ͿӳѴѵɰӵŽǹ
ҲͰˣ˭룬׾Ȼа벽ħƽצ
Զսǽ׶ųֵķѹƻڤһͷ
һδҲ̫˰գڤץһǺη
ױڤ컯ɾе꿡ţͻȻоԼһǴ
츳ѪӵʮĹеһŽ壬ųһһˣڤȻҲŻѪѪϡŽҪһء
ȵ̱ڤʥȪһĻ֮ӣһͺŽԿף֮ٻŻЯ࣬·;νһ˳һУױЩС׼׵˼
ΪڻԵɺ£õ˴˵еĹ˵һַ壬Ͷ֮䣬Ϳ˺ѿռ䣬ɽء˵ڤǲ𾳽Ĵ֣ҪӶ׵ĻԵƿصķΪС
ǣȻ£ȴѹڤһͷڤںʮöģҲ״̬µ׵Ķ֡
ؼƿŴĲؼŽһĴطǾŹŵٶûڤ֮Ȼʧɫ
ȷڤ͸ˡ
һԪСӣȻӵ龳ֶĽǹԶսŴķ壬ֱһ̨龳ֶܹһɱ
ⲫҲϽۼħƽצְ벽ķ
϶ԣڤоԼͺһУ׾һ
ǺǣҿûнٻĻٻ벽ıԼ׹֪ڤ᲻᳹ױߵŰݣʰ·磡
׵ȻһЦ
µֻбˮһսˣأڤҧ¶˾һҲƵسɱ
ȫ·״£ڤ̵ܹҲֻʿˡ
֪Ķ
ĮһЦħƽצӭǰ
顭
һյĹֳħƽצףȫռϷ磬ڤñˣںϵʮöģҲѣѪˮƲҪǮˮһĴŽ
ս֣׼ħƽצһ̣ȫֳһߵ̬ƣ



1270 
ۡڣڤҲ֧ŲסͷϿյһŻӦѣ񱩵ԪĴҲƷƮһ׹ڵأˣһϢ
ʱ˿̣ڤң
ȣ
׺·һŲ̤ڻڤԴϣֻԴ߶ԪͿһٽڤɱ
ɱҰաڤʹ飬Ѫ
ܣȫλܣ
Ϊһʥ֮ӣһԪСȫѹƣӰƱؽֻڤһѹûڤ
״󷢴ȱŻڤһ·ӽ󣬻ڤҲѿãҲû˽ĿܣΪѾħгһնɱף򣬾ͽΪһˡ
ǣһĻս󣬴컯ɾô޴ĺ䶯
ڤһʥȪȵ֮ӣ˳̨Ͽɵ꿡ţȻһԪСûзֱ֮췽ҹ̷
ûôסɫĮбһۻڤһĵһˮûбѰ׵ˡ
ͬûбȻŸѵˡ
֮Ѿֳʤ룬ҲӦƣԼŵˣ׵
ڤȻһ
ʲôŵԣ
һˣڤɵôһ
ûڤйԼѪģһȡþʤôڤҪĸԸعīĽ£ӽ󣬸īţ˲ͷ
ʤѷ֣ڤҲʱöŵˡ
ңҡ
ڤһʱ촽£ˮ
ڣұ㽫ҵıڲīǰ֮󣬾ҪŵԡĻΥѪģֻءױ̹ǵĻ׶Ĵ̹ǡ
ڤһţһ˵ɥȮһϵضţͬʱ˼ǧһԺ縡Ӱһ֣ڤʥȪȵһһľϤӣ˶Լĸס࣬ޱܰĻ棬ԺУȴһĵӣޱȵ׶Ĵ̹ǣ˾
ڤ޲ðԼһû˼άֲˣһ߸ʬһѸ⡭
ʹҲָоգ
ΪΪܣڤǵĻôһƣںֻʤֻٹ⣬ϧ죬Ϊʯ㣬ҡ
һӣһɿ񱩵ϯҪڤ뱦ڲ
𡭡
ʱһ춯ص޺쳹ϣһյӰƾճڻڤǰ
ͻıʣһʹĻڤŵûɢ̧ͷһۿһצѪɫʱͫ׽εѡ
ʲôȻǴ˵еѪɫ
ѪɫΪʲôطڤ֡
ûȻڤŪ״ѪɫһȲسŻڤ˶ȥƺҪһڽڤ̳븹Ϊ͡
ò˵ʥĻڤһ壬Ѫ߹ǲɶõζ
󣬻ס֣鼱֮£߳ȡ
ءѵ⣬ѪɫʱرѪڣһȮ˳شյǰףһ׳Ƴģ
һԵСУ¶һĨɫƺ
⾪׵һĻڤУʱƽĺ׹һǣĳȣӡ
ûգͷ˵еѪɫȻ㻿ս裿ڤһо絶ʡ
ʼ򣬡ǸЦˡѪɫڹ̣ܽЩΪ˰Ѫɫ֮ٺúõһɹ֮󣬱ðѪɫ졣
˻
ڤЩûιȥ
һǷôĿѰʿѪɫҪŵøεҲɢдܽһͷѪɫǾĻԵ
׵ãȻһſڣҪѪɫ
ңǣ׾ȻҪô˵ޱѪɫԼ졣
Ѫɫһô׵ĳ棿
ҲֻŻ뷨Ȼվ˵ѪɫΪԼĽͨߣֱǱ
ԣӦɥ
ڤظоͷʹѣƽͨԼû˼άٶۣͺƷߡ
ԶһĦѪɫͷ­һ߰ػ˻֣һɿ񱩵ϯֱӽڤ˱챦ڲ
ಣ
һգۣڤӰƾճڱ챦ڲ
ûȻڤסΣӡľ󣬾ûڤٶץ״̬С



1271 
ڻڤǰı磬һ޼ʣ޾Ľɫ̺ŨѪĴһӿȣɲ⡣
һֱʵľ޷壬ƯϣӲɣ·³
һƢֱڱǣʮëչ໴ĳƴؼȡŨԪ˺׹ɾأԡȪȫůúòڡ
ţһԪСȻӵ˸Ʒʵı磬ڣ
żΪȶĿռ䣬ڤһľ֮ɫƷʵı磬ʥ̳ҪĪҲֻ龳ĸ֣ܹ֮Ტۡ
һ뵽ˣֻԪ磬ڤһĪĸо
ôӾõ˶ٻԵˣȻܹӵ˸Ʒʵı硭ڤо಻ϵس鴤ţһһĵۡ
ò˵׵Ĵڣһ
׵ǰڤ΢ľͺһֻϣһǴ
𡭡
ڻڤޱ𾪵ʱһצѪɫؽ˱챦УŻڤغһЩڤŵʧصתһβ׵Ѫɫʼһ̲ͣؼȡѪ
֮ǰŽڿ˵ѪɫԼһΪſڿӣĿãЩȻˡڤᡣ
ڤڻıӻ֮£ŻĶʲô裬лڱȻڤѾһʥĸ֣ȴһûж̵ĺͯ
ֻԪףɱ컯ɾǿڳ̨аռһϯ֮ءңѪɫֲֿ顭
϶ԣڤǰ۵þǸͯ
ʤɰܣڤڤ֮ж
ڤԼ֮ľ޴࣬ƺ蹵ǵԽһɥ
֮ǰԼײмһ˵ģһЦ

֮ȻһľûУԹԵعڵأǫȻҲҵԼȡұڵ
أ֮ϣһǷӣƾճڻڤ֮УȻŭĻڤ
ڤһ鴤ԭأһʱ֮侹Щ޴롣
أ
һ̣һεĿֱֲӽڤ廨ûڤоƱμӸʩչ˶ȫ½Ӳһܶ
ǡ
ţûڤһĻˡ׵Ĵ߶£񱩵ԪֱŤΣڤӲذڳһݵģͷأ࣬Ҫ౰΢ж౰΢Ҫж
㲻ɱҰգ
ڤɤмԹ߷ְ
ûǰ
Ļڤ˵Ҳһѡ
뿴ƽĻڤ󣬵λߣ׷
ȴΪ˽Ҫᣬܾ衣
һ뵽ӣҪΪīūͣţԹڤӿֳ޾ıˡ
Ҫ֪īʥȪһ壬ƺݡ
ǻڤīУȻûаӹһΪīĳͲܾǧĥʹ
ϧĻڤܵѪĵΥ
ٺ٣׵һЦ
硣
һ³һΪܻڤķҲʱ䣬˳ץסұѪġӽΪīǰū͡
ڤôǻ֮ӣΪɫ룬ǲ𾳽ĸ֣ʥȪһеݵλʮ硣
ţԻڻڤ簮һ֪ԼĶΪīūճĥ裬ԲӲһ뾡취Ȼڤ
һǾץס˻İѱʥȪ̸еʱīǰҲһĵ
ڣûڤΪȡһ뻯ѪصĻᣬҲǲܡ
ֻҪīǰܹ뻯Ѫأһ̥ǣһɳ졣츳ѪȫھʱΪɫ룬īǰ츳ҲضáʱգδزܹʥȪȽа壡
ͨ˼һ뵽ֿܣɸ˵һЦ
īǰǱߵôˣҵþǻϲǡһͻȻ¶һĨЦ⣬ţҺоҵķӶƺѾս׼һϡ
ͨӦ׺ܿȷ˵ȵλãʩչӡһ·ͿշУգ֮䣬ʧڲãĻҰ֮ϡ



1272 İ
պ
һƬϿգ׼˵ϤӰһЦն
ণ
һףʱ֣ʳ׵ת׵ļϣóƤظŪ׵ĲԵʮǡ
ĦŵȣתͷһЦСزա
䣬һٻӰʱӺеӰֳ
Сزһضףƺǳɻ׾Ȼܹһۿαװ
׵һЦȻСزԼӵѰۣκλαװĻ۽𾦡Ȼˣڲ֪£СزĴڣǣСزʵǳ̨ʱ򣬾ѾʶСز츳ˣ˼һͲµ߰˰ˡ
СزôüͷһȲѯʵ
Сزһ׶Լ꺮ůɵСһ죬΢૵һжܺãллǣҡ
һſڽվԭء
Сزʲô
Ҫ֪׵˼ѯī빫ľսôǹСزôƺΪ׵һʱﲡСزˡ
Сزӵģͺƻ꼾Ůݰף岨ﺬߣͺһ۵ĻոŻ٣ʱ
бգŮٻӰӳĵúƻеŮ޲ɷΪ޵Ĳɻ˴˾Ҳ޷ëá
һʱ䣬ڨڨһЦεͷƺЩ֪ôˡ
΢СزԶʮ
ಣ
ʱһӰʱ˵س˵֮УȥȻɫ̼ī롣
Ž壬㽫ǸĻڤնɱ𣿡īһεضףо˸˸
û˵һӰ½ϵشСزıϯ
īǰ˼ССʤ»飬Ͳܸһռ䣬磿
ϷһЦһֳŪī
ȻϷڳŪī룬СزĶУȴôڴȤˣСزһΣ׻ãϾǸˣƤʵЦЦҲˡСزһŮɾЩԲˣСֳ½󣬺޲ý·һŰݡ
ǸǸ϶飬СزҸⲻˡīһЦ˿Ϊ⣬תͷСزһЦ
Сز֣˻ζĿ⣬Сģæͷ㽫Сطȥ
Ȼ˵СزѾʥĸ֣˳˳̨ϿɣӴ¡ǣڶŮ鳤棬ȻһƬֽټϱŮƤϷһһŪߺ۸Сϱ
СزҪǲ⣬ȽŽһҰ£֤ԭⲻؽ㣬СºúôһᡣīƽǸЦʱȴǺЦ˵ĻҲʮֲŵ
ٻ뺬ЦվһԣЦеģ졣
ʲô˭ҪᰡСزһţûظīһۣٻӰһӣѵˮһںϽɣһҵĲƣǿ쿴ߵķ羰СزָԶɽˮû˻ش𣬾ѾԶˡ
ȫȻЦ
СزΪ˱ΣȻ׾ӵĽڳ뿪̿
ϴǿ㾿ʲôʱСŮģƤЦ׵ļһ̵ģ
СزƢϷֵ˿̹ģرر߰
ϷһˣҲǺ绽СزУ΢þͺһֵһᡣ
˭룬׾ȻܹСزĿ࿴
²ûƲƲ졣
˵ҲأôʱûСزԼ̬Ⱦһһٰʮȴת䣿
ƽʱСزദʱ򣬱ӲǱӣ۾۾Сزûиʲôɫ
һֱСزŮģͷˣ
ѵ˭Сزιˡɢ
΢΢һɵתͣ˰ٻϡ
ٻʼٸߣҲСزǷͬ⣬Ҫ˸һ𣬺ʣٻ
ôٻҲСزţôٻҲڸСز´ɢɣ
ԴЩͷۡ
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰٻʾ֭СزףСزˣ̬ȾͺéеʯͷֳӲô̬ת䣬ЩԽܡ
Ž壬˵ǿ
ٻ뵭һЦζ˵СزһִģԸ˽⡣ԴĮ߰ʵǵ춹ģһһˣܹס»Լ֪·İ
һηֱ˼죬ҿСزղ跹˼ɫǳԭΪΪһδǣеŮ黳
ٻ˵˵Ц绨
ʹƤٺҲЩֵסˣɿһ⣬ī롣



1273 ̫
īǰܱǸûнڤʬΡ׹¶һĨźı顣
ʲôûɱڤ
ԣī벻ɵʧһɥϵذ̾ض㣬ٲȻЩ׷Ī
ǻڤ֮⣬ǧɽˮҪնݳ̸ף
ְοһ䡣
֣ܹȫͺáϷЦ
˷׷װοīʱһƣЩסˣЦīǰλֵܡ˵ûܽڤʬΣҲû˵ûҵڤ
ţ
ҵڤˣ
Ȼҵ˻ڤʵȻûܽնɱ
ѵڤԮ
һˣһĿеͶס
ɲҡҡͷҲӣǺǣ֮ûнڤնɱΪҾīǰһ˶ϣʲһ٣һı飬׽һЦҽڤˣҵıС
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ð֣ȻˣǣϷһۣʱǰȭһźҲֵǷй
Ҿ˵ŽʵҪնɱڤֱ׾١Ҫ֪Žܹһɱ龳ֵ
ڤôҲʥе̳ҪŽƾŴӹеõķ壬һɱˣҵҲ⡣ҪڤܣѶϵɾʹˡ
ŽĴڣһС
һˣһ̾׺֮ʡ
Ž壬Ľڤˣ
īƺЩԼĶ䣬ȷϡ
ײ䷳صͷǡ
īʱüЦҸ̫ͻȻī⾪ϲ
콫ڤǸСָٻͽǧУңйͷ֮ޣīļٵشߴ
촽īǰˣҪĸɴؽڤɱˣйǷйˣ㲻Щ˻ڤ
īһʱΪȻص˵ͷ˵ĶԣҿɲС֡Ҫǧֿ̣ĥٺ٣֪ǸҪ֪ԼĶӣѾҵУûθ롣
һ뵽ھ٣ҵģīһʹ죡
īǰһһõļƻ֪ԸԸһƣص
īһ㶣æǰ
ڳһ˵ȣҲĿ˸˸ضס
νծӳڤǻ֮ӣ壬𱨣ôĥȻ顣ǣĥڤڤǧУҲ˵ǲǣ
Ц
īһ΢΢ͷ
һ취ûɨأһЦҲӣûڤߵŰݣĸԸ̷Ϊˣ̷ң˲ˮţһԾڤС֣ȥҲûɨأΪЦ
ʲô
ûڤĸԸ̷ΪˣҶʺţ
īһϲ͵һĴȣã̫ã̫̫ˡҵ⣡
ţûɣŽȻƻڤīǰū֪ͣ쿪гء
ڤʥȪȵ֮ӣԸ߰ɱҲĸԸظ׳Ƴīǰţģ
û˵ǻڤ󣬵λߵ֮ˣЩʿܡ
ڳ۷׷ףһ׵ļƻһ棬־Щʵʡ
˵ɣҲֻǵһЦλѾˣǻڤһͻĸԸظīǰū̷ͣңţԹ
ԣȻһһֹŹֵס

ýͣһӣһεֱӽϢٵĻڤٻ˳
ڤһڳΪ֮һŸЦƽкá
ԭڤƣȻڱ챦е̬ޱȱ΢ڵأͷأ࣬һĵɥȮҪ౰΢ж౰΢Ҫж
ڤϽŵԣīǰΪˡ
ɫҰףҵĻڤͻȻûһţߴ
ڤһΣ˲Եڵأȳһ̲Ѫ
ϵƶԣȻĴˣûڤʹ˻ζĿ⣬Ͷûڤ絶ʣ׶Ĵ̹һ
ңҡ
ڤһ仰û˵꣬ٶ۵һ³һ̲ŧѪһΣЩ̱ڵأȥ



1274 ū
ò˵ûڤĸԸøīߵŰݣīΪˣɱ˻ڤѡ
ϧڤѪģ޷ڡ
ڳ˶ĳĿ⣬ڤձ̣һʱѪӿЩȥ
װ
ϲЦտ׼ϷһڤǷģʱһЦСӣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҪҪСүҸѣǵ˻ڤǰװ˳
·һ̣һעȵˮҪͷк¡
ò˵취ʮЧ
ŵûڤһ¿ǱɥΪɵż¼ĵڳڤ
ҪˣڤԸóҲԸ
ȫЦ
֣ݼˣһһͷ߻ڤƨɡ
ڤ촽ͣﳤĶΪλҡ
ľ
üͷһЦеؿڤµ㻹ͼ㣿δҲ̫ˡ
˵ţ̧ͷī룬ˣ˵ľǽôˣ
ī뵭һЦǹľǸɽ󣬾Ȼӵͼڷаһʥ飬ЩɱҸǧһ֮Ťתս֣ľնɱˣ
׼õɴ˫ۡ
īǰ㽫ľնɱˣ̫ˣӣû֪˭ɱ֣ʥȪҪ鵽ͷϣҪһʱ䡣һơ
ܣƾǲսʤﳤϡڤҧأԲԼĶ䡣
ţ
īһŲסڤԴ䶯ãͬʱһӣһ̱ʬ壬ٻ˳һڻڤǰŽѪûڤǡ
ڤѵĨһϵѪǰʬס
ʬѪģѿʵ࣬ľϢڤϴһʱȪӿ
ľܷӳ죬ѾΪĻڤش
ֻҪľڤܵϢ׻룬ôһīһʩѹһڤһ
ǣľҲˣһĶȫû
û֪ڤ³ͨʥȪȣҪѭ˿ҵڤ䣬ҲǺܾ֮ˡʱ򣬻ڤѾĥ˲˹ˡ
ľûڤһϣӦҡ
ӣǾҽ鳴ųԣպԣīµسѯʡ
ڤȻһҪ
Ҫ
īüͷһ˵ҪͲҪΪǻʥȪȵ֮ӣŻԺа˻ģ޼ɵҸ㣬һҾͽľˣ⾡ͣ
īݺݵؿŵ
ڤŵ̱ϢţҪ㣬ǧҪҡҸͷˣӽһڤĸԸظ㵱ţ̷ңԹ˵ţ۽Դĵֱ죬ޱȹ˳īĽ¡
á
īоδйĿ׷ɱԼµĳˣһ͹һԼĽ£ֽ޵ĸоƺһҾƣȫ¶ůĺò죡
īǰϽ⹷ӵԺһʶӡһ֮䣬Ϳͷȫƿ֮СЦ
ಣ
īԺɣһֱӽһʶӸ˳Żڤϯȥ
ڤȫɪɪīʶӣҷʶԼԺУƿԼͨԼͷ
һīЦգ˷֣ܵС֣վ
ԣڤһæҵվأԲ̧ͷī롣
¡
īһ߳ȡ
ͨһڤڵء
ͷī´
ۣۣۣ
ڤͷսս
վī΢΢һЦ
ڤæ
ſ¡
ڤԹſ£аɡ
ѧС
ڤһ΢Ƭ̣һҧؽг

һùīǰһùۣ
һͷ
ڳˣſڵѧеĻڤһ̿׷׳Ȥ
ʶ࣬²òͷĵһƣҪΪһūͣں棬ôƱؽٲ˰ǧĥһīǰģƤ֮࣡
΢紵εϿգڤī£һ͹һȺȥֱл
СزأһĻ󣬲ĿԲʧ



1275 ޽
⾿ô£Сز
Сزá
ٻСز֣ЦеڤŽˣΪīūͣǴģٻߴѪ񿴵ʥȪȵ֮ӻڤΪīūͣνϲ
Ž˻ڤСزһһؿףȵתͷԼʱߺͷ
ڤôҲһʥ۷徳ĸ֣ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣû뵽Ȼһز
СزԹԵظпһ
ܹǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ
ڤСزһڵھŲ̨նһϯ֮ص֮ӡ˭룬ڤȻأ
һ̣СزЩҵ˰ٻĽ飬һ˳Ϊ飬ûзĿɳ
Ļ˵ڵСزͺͻڤĴһˡ
īǰ
ЦŶīЦȻɶ񣬵ǻЩüֵѹեԺһҪƺó߶ȣСָˡ
īüͷһƲƲ죬ӳ˸룬ʲôֵ
ײ÷񣬵һЦӺôҲǻĶӣ˵ܳ谮˵Ϊ룬ʥȪһס
ףʱڳ˵Ȥȫ
û
ƽ˵īǰΪһɫ룬һž츳ѪȴһֱûܼΨһİ취ǽʥȪȻѪءǣʥȪȽ䱸ɭϣĪ롣ΣأīǰΪͷͨҿΨһİ취ʥȪһס
ãܻ˻ڤȫΪ룬ɽס
׳
ȫһɧ۷׷ס
֣ûп֮ǰīǰ빫ľಫʱʥԵؼѪǱܣֱ鸽壬·вһͽľ龳ĸָնɱˣ
ֻɫŵ龰
ǰһ˸˸Ź⡣
ϧܿīǰͻָһź
鲻
֮ʣīأʱʥȪʲôס
ԣһˣȫһؿī롣
īڻѪصȫһīȻܾ׵Ľ飿⾿ǳһϷ
꣬ҲʥȪȵУҵˣǱļһƭ˰ΧȦвɥġ
īĿ䣬ƺ˱˵֮Уȴع͵һ˦˻ڤϣĵۣһȫûļһףȫֿԡ
ڤɥɺ˼ʾ飬īһɣ
װͷ
ȻˣҲΪҪģǾ뿪ĵشΧһƬɽȵʱˣҲ١ٻ
ǣϽҵĸϵţ֪ǵеţһǵκҪġ
һ˵īҪףڤһ޾ϣʱؿīס
ԭΪһΪīūͣʮֻгһܲ裬˶ϡȻһΥѪĵݣ𣬲ֻءڤ֮£Ҳûбĺð취ˡ
סڣ
׳һһūȻҲҲ죿
ڤŵûæߵŰݣԾԾԵļҪˮһ
飬ǳӣܹóġ
һ³һīǰʲôʱˣ̾͸ϻ컯ɾһ֮ʱǽʥȪȣ»ҲԶռѷ֮Уס
ī˼ص˵ͷ
ôܵ裬ҪһһʵڻڤһĬãīͻȻȻһЦҪûļ٣ң
ڤսսعһԣǾ΢΢̡
ô˵ڤһ˿ϣ˶ˡ
гһգ˵Ϊ׳룬ػ֮
΢ḧﻨ㣬ˮԣѵõһ
λǸϽ·գѾоʱղˣֻʣ´£ǾҪʱȥ״ߴٵ
֡Ϸҹˣͷ
Щʥӣڽ컯ɾʱھͱһ׭ʮһĻͻᱻʱȥ
ʱһˣ׷״յ׵ԣ׼׵ı챦С
ڣ˶ҵ˿̵Ŀɽ
š
СزԣովսԪ̫󣬻ҴŴҸ·ա˵ţһۡ
׵ͷһЦԡ
Ӵɩ⻹ûţ֪иϷζشȤһ
ٶ˵һ䣬׼ҵı硣
СزϷһۣϷҾޱȹǣɩӴˡ
˺ôЦ
Сزû취һţҲ˲컬Ϸˡ



1276 
졣
Ʋϼɡ
ΧشһƧСԺУԺⲽ˫Ŀ񣬺һʬһ
Դӱ׸֮󣬽𻢾־ȫɥʧ˾
ڿ׵ʶӣ˳̨ھŲ̨УΪǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ𻢾͸絶ʣ
ζûϵԼ۵Ž壬ڶ̶̵ʮʱڣȻɳԼĵز
޴Ĳ࣬ý𻢱ܼ尾ȫɥʧ˽ȡ֮ģƶգѻ
𻢱ĺĳϣԭΪһԵܵЯ࣬ɻڴǣ׵ľδս֮󣬾ͳױˣôһ涼ûšƺͽܣѾȫӼĨˡ
ԭ־Ľ𻢣ԽԽʬ⡣
񣬽ҹſ뿪컯ɾһܹصϤȥԼ컯ɾеļ䣬ҲᱻĽƸĨ
ʱ򣬽𻢾ͿԳ컯ɾзֱ˵ˡ
Ȼⶼ˵İ취Ľ˵ѾΨһܹӱܵ;ˡ
ǣĵʮ޿Ҫʱ򣬽Щ
ΪֻҪ컯ɾгȥ𻢾ҪԼ׽һݵ֮ս
ԽĿǰľΪ׵Ķ֣һָͷԽ
ԣ鲻Խÿ־
ÿһ죬ڽ˵꣬ڵʱ
֮£뵽ʦǰ˵ĳԺҪҵӦ֮
˭룬ûȼ𣬾ͱػڸ֮ۡĻ
ǰǰ󣬽ȥʮΣûһμ𣬽ڷˡ
ʣǲܽ𻢵ˡ
һգͥСԺУغƾơΪ𻢱鴫֮һЩϵʦֵܣˡޱȿƵĽ𻢣Ҳֵ徲
𻢡
أһϵɤ쳹СԺ
͵Ϊ֮һЩʯϹ
ʦʦ𣿡һؿ
ûпǰˣȻԪϡ
𻢣ǰЩһھڲʼΪŽľ׼ԣһֱûй˵ϼ㡣ôΪչΣ
һЦ
һһʱ侹Щ޴롣
˽壬רΪ˽׵ľ׼
ʲôʱҪˣ
ѹ֣ǰǰʮΣһӰûšҲûҹ𻢣ԭܽ塣

ȻЩ󡣾Ľ壬ҲԸ߽ΪʲôҪʧأ
벻ףҲŪףֻһصĵӣܹסǵõЯ˵ʲôĻ
ʦҡҳϣڵ֪Žǫ́Ͽ֮Щʧ⣬ս²ŽĶ֣
ʦʧˡ
ԼΪʱЩصͷ
޷ʦڣȻװ
𵭵һЦҾϾҪŽľѵģϣʱܹڽ̹ͨһӦϣ಻Ҫ鷳
һڽͣͲǰΪƺֻһᣬϡ
ƾʦԸһס𻢹
𻢣֪ʱҶЩ䣬ЩޡŽ֡
𻢻æӲҡ
ڴһ֤İȫ˳شʱӳ졣˵ţһƻӳһֲ겨糱ܿһӰ˽𻢵ڣϢʧ١
ǿķ𻢵һ־ϲ
ʦЯӸм
𻢰ڵأҾ
գʮҪʱˣϣܹиһԪϲӶȥ
ԶȥӰзᣬЩ񾭣иһЩ
Ž壬Σҽ𻢶
𻢵õһʮ㡣
һߡ
Ԫص˸ۡе졣
֡ʱ컯ɾзӿǸϾе˵壬ܰħ֣Ϳ̿ǳҡڹϣҪ˻ˮҿǾĺá
Ԫüͷһ֣Ǹ𻢣һ֮ģΪðգǾеȫ¶ֵá



1277 ϧ
ǽڳ϶ᱻԪϵĻҲõѪ
ȻʼգûܳʱҲûΪ׵ľκε׼
֮ǰ˵Ļһְοˡ
Ϊľǰ𻢵ýĸԸΪԼãΪԼеһ߿ܣڽڴһһΪ˰𻢣һΪ˼ӽ𻢣ʱ𻢱硣
˭˵ҪΪ˽𻢣еȫ¶ˣһЦʵ
ǣ֮ǰ˵ҪȫնɱŽ𣿡
Ԫһ
е̫ڵʱڲʺͷ¶棬Ҹ𻢵ŵһЩ滰ˡҪ˷ֳʱҲŲĽ𻢵ҵӣֻڹؼʱ̣Ҿƣң
ýһλᣬһýڽԪˣһǽڽ̲ܹĸԸسҾ֮£ΪǾձϽ΢΢һЦ
Ԫһʱбһ⣬һĴָߣʵǸߣ
ЦűһڲˮԹԵ૵ˣˡ

Źŵ
ʱųھŹŵеӣνǶ꣬尾
ųΪȫȨƹܲɽĸˣھŹŵһڳУҲͷص
þ׵ĺճͳΪ˹ųϵجΡ
նɱ˲ɽǧӣȻֻñ챦磬ŵϳ̨ΪĿ֮ӡÿһ£ùųϺ޵ֱùųɽĸ˵λʱְܱ
ҿų϶˲ھŹŵûйҲпͣǿסְ
ˣųϵҲǹĵ
Ϊܿ죬ҴһǧɽʥӣҪʱȥʱܹжʥܹһδ֪
ĹҪʱҴֻʮ֮һĸʡ
Ҳ˵ɽҴһǧʥӣܹʱգصˣҲͼࡣ
Ȼǹųܹܵġ
ڹų׼ظɽʥӴ˸Ӧ֮˴ķ鵤ҩ˵ܹʡ
ʱնڹųϵţΪҪġ
ʵϣųΪɵģס
ûס
벻ɽʥͬˮ׷ɻڴͨʱɽʥӣⲻҪɱ䡣
ʱһǧɽʥӡʥ֣δ׵Ķ֣
Ͼ׵ĿֲųѾˡ
һգųϽɽĵȫټ
ųϣŽһˣʲôӦ֮𣿡ɽӵͷˣк衣һ׳˶Ũܣƺܵˣ컯ɾ󣬵õһȪ̤Ԫ硣֮ɽӵļκƽУ£˳ڼλʦֲɥ֮󣬹ųϰٰΣֻڰհűú衳Ϊͷˡ
һЩ׻з͸㣬ϣܹʦֵ˳
ų΢΢̾Ϣһʹһһ׭˺衡
ʱ˫һæһķ׭ȫ뻳С
ɹųϺӸм
ɹųϺӸм
ڳһǧӣ׷׹뻮һسлƿνɽХ
ųľƣ˻֡
衻⣬һʦܣ뿪˹ųϵĸۡ
ͬʱޱ޼ʵԭҰ֮ϣһƹȰӰڴ֮һţƸӰһ
ʱҴţư׾Թ϶ܿ죬ʮʱ͹ȥˡ
ಣ
һգգСز׵ķԸ£ͣ˽ŲһΣСزıϯ
Сزҡԥãڹڡ
СزͷżⲻϵڵϻȦȦʮĻŮ
ಣಣಣ
˭룬ûһ仰˵꣬Ϸ֡ҹһˣ½Сزıϯ
ţīڤǰٻˡ
Ŀ֮£ЩΣСز۵СǽͰͣ˵һĻˡ
ˣлɩ˵ǾȻرһ¡
˼磬׵ľִ٣ѯһ䡣
׻æҡͷ
ֲ֣ǲˣʲôýģǣҪúÿɩӴˣԺɾͼˡ
ЦعȤ˫ҪСزӵСزһɻȥˡ

ûطһۡ
ڨڨһЦ뿪
ء
ȫûգ˰죬ֻ˵֡
Ŷ
СزӦһ׸ҪתСزæһ׻عСزǷӣƬ̣Ҳֻ˵֣أ
һԵϷֱҡͷ§һ꣬治ǸˣҪȥһףʲô
ĿԲһŴϷɲȥ
һĲҺ쳹ء



1278 
ī뵭һЦˣǾڴ˷ֱաڵλãΧشѾǺԶˣûŽػҲܹ˳شĵشСزˣȻ˵ص˵ͷ
ণ
ʳǵؿ׵ļ֮ϣһԳ벻ϵظŪ׵°ͣͣƺЩ̼
ʲôȣҪȥ壿
һ
ȵײɵÿЦá
ڵ֪Ҫص֮󣬾ȻĸԸطŨ컯ɾҪʮӳ棬һͬǰ塣
ȣģһġ컯ɾУŸҪ񡣡
ĦŵȣЦݲãҪīǰΧشһƬĽɽºͣɱ𹼸Ҷ
һ
ণ
Ȳ鲻ԸִҪǰ塣
֮£ֻýһ壬ȣҵΥ뵶ǩԼֻҪһ£ȾûΥ
ʱȰһɥش׵ļϷʮֱˡ
ˡ
ʱѪɫԴ׵ıϯ嵽˵ȵǰХͣ
ণণ
·裬һԷ˫ƺѪɫʲô
Զףһůʮָж
ԭڶѪɫ˵ζҪ׵İȫҪǱ֪һëĲѪɫ
ò˵ڻԵɺ±׽棬ڶĳϦദ֮У׵ĸѾǳˣڣײһ
ֻǡ
һ壬һ뿪컯ɾҲزˡ
Ѫɫһһ״̬ȫԴ컯ɾơ
Ž壬ص֮һҪͷҴһƬɽ췴ҪұݻīЦ
׽ظĵֱ졣
Сز
ʱٻСزǰǣСز֣С㶼ҵ֮³ɳڣҽ˿һδ㡣ţһʧġ
ܵٻеϣСزص˵ͷ
Сزϣһμ棬ܹ㡣ٻĦСزӣþòԸ֡
λڡ
׹˹֡
ڡ
ڡ֡Ϸһˣ׷׹֡
ٻᡣī˫֡
һ
СزһͺȣڳˣӦڡ

Сزһӣһεϯֱӽһˣȫ˱С
īؿһۣһΣҲСزıС
ಣ
СزͷҲأʩչûһӰƸӰһڵϲϷӣΧشϯȥ
Х졣
˵ǽ컯ɾʮꡣȴоǳ񼴽뿪ˣȻЩ᲻áһϷı䡣
ϷΪȻص˵ͷϣгһܹط컯ɾһʵǳ̨
ֵǣô˵һܹ˳شһ˶ûѾĻԵˡңÿһˣԪ磬ػص壬һԾһ붼Щء
ִ궯˫֣ϲЦտ
ԣ˷׷һЦ˵ͷ
һ棬˶뿪컯ɾΪᡣһ棬ڼص컯ɾ쳣˷ܡ
ھε֮󣬻ؼҵջûܹܡ
Ҳ֪ôˣİħǷѾϾɱˡҹһĵǡ
λ
׻˻֣ܿǾҪʱȥˣ˵ʱʮն񣬽ʿǾһǧġڣҸϽץʱ״̬ȡѵ״̬ʱգ
ԣϷ֡ҹׯƸһˣ׷׵ͷǡ
ಣ
ٻһöڲһ׵ı챦С
£һһɽĵײһ׵ĶһһȪȫ״̬
ʱҴңư׾Թ϶
һգյգڲһ˵ȣ͵˫һɫ䡣
ʱˡ
͵س
ʱÿһ˵壬ŷ޾ı⣬Өһöϵķ׭˵ͷϿգӲԴ£ÿһ˸оƱ˶һá
ţһС͵ĺڶ측֣˾ֵУವһ˸޾Ԩ֮С



1279 ż̨
һתƴ޾֮У֮ǰһһŴѹӢīĸ߿׹һ޼ʵԨ
ţ
ʱô
üͷһ壬ɿɢ̽Χ
ȥ̮Ŀռ䣬ǳռŰ޼ɣһƬ󺣣ϵӿȣ̼ͽһǳûη
ҾȻǶˡ
վ֮УױܵҪ߶Ԫ֧ųһ֡ͬʱȫʩչӹ˴õķ壬ͼԱ
˭룬ȫãƱʩչʯƾ޼¡
̼
ܿ죬׾ͷ˾裬ɳ
Ϊ׵ƯǧģЩģȫڹ˵ֱʣǧĵػ֮£ƾռϯŰأ
ӣǽ컯ɾʱ򣬹ڵķģʮ޵֮ǸʱУػǵİȫһơ
ܣԿһȫɢӨӨӰһ
֡
֡һ۾Ϳ˲ԶķϷ
֣ʱҲֲ̫ˣղһʱХһΪҪɥڴˡϷ
ұ־裬໥֮䱣ϵ
ɢѰˡ
·˺ܾãһ˵ȣͻȻ׹£һǳ͵س޾Ԩ׹ȥ
Ϸŵʧ
΢΢˫·ɫϾ֮ԨƾճһĹż̨˲׹ĹУż̨ԽԽԽԽؿż̨ϷһӴػԲӲӣһͳϣɣĸо
ʲôطһż̨
ͫ׽
飡飡飡飡
û˷Ӧص׹ڹż̨֮ϣһ죬ԭǧ˲ʧΪޡ
ʧȥ˷ػһʿԴ׹ż̨֮ϣһˤýǱƤ
䣡
͵׹ż̨λã˫ǧ׹ż̨ĵȳѷ֩һ˷ӿ
ֲĳʮֺˡ
ǿ׹ڹż̨ϣνˡ
ڿԻˡ
ķģʧ»֮һЦеؿԶķϷ
֡
֡ϷαӣԳ׵ķӶһüЦ
ߣѰˡ
һ̲ͣ
ϷһۣҲڿնѰ˵䡣
ż̨ǳһȥʮڹż̨Ͽգһػ֣ĻӿȵĿռƱؽӿ룬˸ĲƬ
ಣಣಣ
ûס֡ϷѰҶãһ쳹ż̨ӿĤ
ϴ⣡
Ǽ
һԶôţȻڹż̨Ҳɱ֮һΡ
׵Ĵ£˻ӰӣԳԴϯȥ
ԶϵӰ
𣿸ղǸƺǻĹżҵʥӼ񣡡
û뵽һҲ˳
ͬʥӣ˽
ܿ죬סϷˣ˼ԡ
˾ϲǣԻŶҹˡ
ֻʣׯƸûмϣҡ
Ŀһɨˡ
ˣһǿ϶ġһӣЦҸղһׯƸҲˡ
˵ͷ
׵һЦҲȻˣǲá˵ţһٻǧģػ˵
λûжϴڵʱգȻ컯ɾһֻ֣컯ɾıԵشռʮҲȡ׳
ţ
ʱ컯ɾıԵش
񡢷֡Ϸһ˲ɵ
ӵŴӹһַ壬Ƭʱյķ컯ɾûʲôͬײһ䡣
˵ʱͷ
λǿ쿴
ָŸ߿׹Ӱһп뵱꣬ʥӣкü˽컯ɾû뵽˳ֻô١
˷׷׹ԶӰȥż̨ϵӰʮϡ١
ʥӣ컯ɾڴΪڻҡ
ϷҧһУǲɽıƣɽΪȻʥӳ䵱ڻңѪ𣬲ܲ



1280 Ħ޷
ߣһ˲ɽʥӣҲ֣ɱǼ
ϷһЦ
͵Ⱥ򲻼ˡҹȫŷֲʥϯž졣
ҲؽѪ
׵һЦֶ
Ȼ˵ʱյʣǳСνһ
һ˶ŴˣʥߣȻ޿֡ڹż̨ϣǵû̫Ŀֻţңɱ죬׼ԲɽʥӽиϾɱ

ǣ
أƽһըס
ãׯƸ˵
ϷȻһʱӶ𣬳Դϯȥ
ס֡ҹһ˽
￪Ĺż̨ϣׯƸˣӰ׷ʹĵ⽣Ӱ˷ϯعż̨ʯѣɳ졣
ȻҶҽػɽһˣĪǻòͷˣ
Ϸһȣһһ׹ڵأ޿ֵصׯƸ˵ǰ
ಣಣಣಣ
ʱƸׯ׷ʹӰͣ˽ŲһĿ⾪㵵ضϷ
ǺǣԭǽػɽһϷˡ
ͷһˣֳһʥɫζضϷû뵽㲻ԪˣˣһĿϷ粽á
˭ıӵˣҶֵˣ
ʱֻһؽ
ס񡢶ҹҲˢˢÿһ˵ϣЯһɾ춯صʥ鸽壬Ƴ졣
ţ
ȻǻĹʮеһŽɲ壡
лĹŷҵķĹŶҵĶҹ
ڳˣһһˣȫĪͷˢˢ䣬ɫѿ
ûϵòׯƸߣôһȺǡ
ŵǣÿһʿӵԪΪ
ӴǣһΪǺηʥԭħһʥӣһȥʱЦ˵ʮƿĸ׵ĸ
ħһ壿
һһʱéٿ
ħһ壬˽⣬еһ壬ǱĹҪһЩ̡
ħһʮأ˵밵ħ಻ɸ˵ܣڣд˵ħһȪħһǰħ
λѣħһĦ޷㣬ղֻһᣬϣλѲҪƽϡ
һĿʵԽڶ̬ǫǸ
ׯƸߣô£
ϷȫôĦ޷㣬תͷׯƸߡ
˴Ӹ߿׹ˤˣԣͳһȪˡû뵽ȴһȺǣҪɱ˶ᱦ
ׯƸʮߡ
ԣס֡ҹһˣɵӿЦ
û뵽һȪȻҲɱ֮Ҫ֪еȪǡ
ȻˣÿһʥӶӵһ˵ȪϡıȻ⡣
ԭɱԽ
ϷϵЦԽĮɭ˲
Ϸ㾿ôħһ壬δؾɽһ㲻Ҫ̫֣Ħ޷ܵϷڵİɱɵЩֻʧ롣
֣Ƿϻˣȫɱ⣬Ҳһ徻
ͷ
ħһ壿
Ħ޷ȻͼñĿɽϷֱһЦ
Ҫ֪ڳһ˵ȣһǳ壿еڽػɽһеڻĹңħһĹұҪѷɫٵġ
㣬δҲ̫ſˡ
Ħ޷һĻʱҧ˵Ǽħһ컯ɾеõ˴ȫԪ磬Ƕսδֺܹã
˵ʵĦ޷ǲԸϷһ˷ͻģҲ˵˱ĿɽÿһϯĿֲʥĦ޷ЩϥǷ
ңһЦ
ϷһĲмŴļ񡢷ֵ˰˰֣⼸ҷ缸֣һ˾Խɱ
ԣ֡ҹһˣɵһЦ˵ͷվԶ
ǣһĻħһ˵Уʮֹˡ
ϷһȻҪһģ
δҲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ħһĸҴߣǺպʥӣԪ磬νͨޱߡϷһģֱֿԡ
ɱ
ûĦ޷㷴ӦϷһӣƹһǰ



1281 ¶
ɱ
Ħ޷һˣеһʥϷ
ѣ
ֻһʯĽĦ޷ֱӱϷһ˳ȥһɼǵ˿ڣѪⷭתĿġ
ۡһĦ޷һ߷ɵɳ׹ڵءһľ֮ɫʲôһȻһҸˣôܣ
ΪħһĦ޷ϷһսģûϵԼȻϷһ֮У
ĸĦ޷⾪֣
Ħ޷컯ɾеõԪ֮µһĸо
û뵽Ȼͬ׵Ϸǰ˵Ĳһ
ڷ֣
Ϸһת޾Х죬ֱӽĸħһʥ߸С
ס֡
ħһ岻Źġ
죬ż̨ӳһƬ죬ҵҡĸԪʥߣֱӱճ˻ҽգۼʧ١
⾪׵һĻ˹ż̨ʥӵע⣬һֵһĻզпѡ
ţҿʲôڻɽһϷȻͽħһĸʥ߸ˣ
ϷҲ֪õʲôԵˣԪ磬ңƺѧһֲֿؼ
ϷŽ塢ɲ壬֣ҹҲȫԪ磬Ľʺޣ
ʥӣ־ֵֿؿһˡ
˵Ŀ⣬һ˸ֶʮ̹Ȼ
缸ǿûУʥӶԶǣŹż̨һ˷ȥˡ
ʶ˼磬һȥͿ˲ٲֻӴܵʥӡƺһη֮绢
ϷһЦһħһĦ޷һʥʥ˭Ҫ˵ʥһħһıΪĦ޷ܹ컯ɾиˮʹı
֡ҹˣҡҡͷ
Ȼʥһˣһûʥ
Ҿˣͷʹ͸ڵĳϡϷһЦʥǬ赭дƺһʥǲΪС¡
࿴ʥۺʿץĸо
ȻмӰԳһ˷Ӷ
׵˷׷̧ͷȥ
λѡ
˴һϮۣñӣһ磬ڴԺʥӣλӢۺܡ
ͷһλʥӣ׹
Ժô
׵˵ͷԺһЩġ
Ժһν컯ɾҲв٣ôֻʣôˣüͷһ塣
˵һλʥһп˵컯ɾֲ̫ˣǼǶһɽڵѷʮ꣬˳û뵽ڹż̨һټԭüʥӣֻʣǼˡ
ԣһ˰ͷ
ȷ
Ѱʥ˵컯ɾΧشҲֲ̫ˣҪʮּѡ
Ǿ͸ԱߣֻҪңǻǳȥġ
׵һЦ
ɸλӢۺܱӻ£Ϊ
ԣԺʥӣҾ
ʣǴ˷ǰϣܹõӻϾʱΣգҪųȥǳѡ
λӢۡ
˭룬ûһмӰӶȻڴʥӣ˷ǰĿһһѰӻ
׵һЦûоܾ
ܿ죬һе㽻ʥӣȫۼһ˵Χһһ˸Χ롣
񡢷֡Ϸȫϲüĸо
ԶһЩʥӣеһųԹҿеƼˮ꣬óȻš
ңʲô⣡ǵõһЩԵΪʥô
񶼿丸ļʥΪм
С˵־
ڻĹźҵļλʥӣͬһ֮ԱǡȻһ˷ǳģǣȴұ¶һ˵ľ룬ҲǳԶóȻһɱ֮
λ
ͻȻȺ֮еļһȣص컯ɾʥӣѾ֪ʥӣΪ˲ɽ컯ɾڻң˳𲻱Ǿӣһǲɽʥ˹ż̨Ǳǳǵ
δ䣬ΧһΧڶʥӣȫȻһһֿŹһż
ʲô
òɽʥӳ
Ȼ˵ڳÿһʥӣڲɽʹͲýɽʥӸϾɱҡ
ǣɽʥڶ࣬ңûʥһһС飬ӴʥƵǲɽʥӵĶ֣



1282 
ɨһͷüͷʥӣɵòȻŭô컯ɾһ⣬ųϺ𣿾ȻûһӦҵĺ٣˵ţһɰʥֶ£ѹȵڶʥ
ʱһΧڶʥӣȫЦãһʱ׷Ī
ûϵ˳嶯Ҫ벻ɽʥԡ
ڶʥӿǲɽʥӣѰ·
ϧڶʥȫѰӻ뿪δЩ档
ԣʥһձʮֽơ
֣ˡ
װ˰֣նɱɽʥӣǸ缸͹ˡҪ˵İ˵ˣЩʥڣֻϺȡ
Ҳԡ
˼ص˵ͷ
䣬ڳڶʥȫϢһϣп˵
һˣȻ˿ֵ֣ҪɽʥӸϾɱδҲ̫ˡ
˵ʲôڳʥӻϺȣƽһ֮
ͬʱڹż̨ĸ䣬ڶڸŵʥӣҲȺһսˣⱣ־䡣
û취һ˷ͷ̫ʢʥǲ֣ȫ̫͡
𻢡
ʱһʥϲ˽𻢵ǰڹǱٽŵʥӣڽһ򽻺áû뵽ѾԪˣϲɺء
ԶԶһһۣصһЦ
ֻ֣Ҫһ£̺ʥӾۼԣڰٽŵʥӣڽޱƳ磬ߺߣţнڣƱܹѹŽǰһͷ
ϵⲻɵó鴤һ¡

һû
ٽŵʥɫһҧҧȥ
һѵ֪ŽѾ˳̨Ͽɵ֮һ֪ĴġȻŽͥ񣡡ɫ
ڽ𻢿׻ǫ́Ͽɵ飬컯ɾν˲֪˲컯ɾʥӣӦò֪
ò˵һ㣬ˡ
Ϊھʥ˵ܹ֮컯ɾ˳Ϊõʲôʥӣֻ˽⵽컯ɾն֮컯ɾıԵشѰһƧ֮ձչأνһĨϹ
˵ˣھʥ˵ĵشߴԼ̨ʲô֪˵֪׻ǫ́Ͽɣζʲôˡ
ǿ׵Ӱ֮ϣʮа˾Ҳ֪׻˴˵г̨Ͽɡ
Ͼ˼ΪʥӣûиʥӶںĵش˽⡣Ȼ˽׵ĵϸȻҲû̫ľη֮ˡ
ż̨ϣƽ˾ڹż̨֮⣬νӿĩ֮η
ͻȻ
쿴öӰˣ
أ˾
˷׷̧ͷ߿дӵһӰȥǧ֮ࡣ
˵϶ǲɽǰСֳˣ
û뵽ɽʥӣǧҴеʥӼ࣡
˵ֻҪ컯ɾһȥԺй컯ɾļͻȫĨʱ򣬿Ҳǵòɽֶˣȵǧ֮󣬲ɽٶҵ컯ɾڣʥӣǻȿֺع䵱ڻң
ڳһʥӣһʱ۷׷ס
ѵ촽һƣ缸׼ÿɱ
ٺ٣Ѿͣ׼òɽʥӵĸ¾ˣЦ
վͽɽϾɱ
ҹһûɵķڳڶʥӵһ󾪺

ڣǧӰ¡¡׹˹ż̨Ķǡ
ԭڶǵʥӣƾ֮һҲƵسԶӴܶȥ˲ɽʥӣɱ֮
󣡡
־裡
˭룬ɽǧҴʥӣһأڵһʱ伯ɫϾȫȻûаӲ񷣬ΨҶζ
ԸǸŽ壬Ҫǲɽ鷳ĻҺ衶Ҫ京ڴˣ
ͷĺ衣ɫϾɢȫѰΧӰ
ɽ
أһ춯صıùż̨ϵڶʥӷ׷ײĿ
ţ
ãɲŽ϶Ҳڣ
Ȼһͷˢˢ䡣
ಣಣ
ʱһˣЯױȵĿֲƣ鸽һڶʥӾ㵵ĿУһ絭سŲɽһʥӿ
ͷһˣȻһϮۣӵŻĹŽף
ԩ·խһҪǲɽˣ衸ҧɫ̼



1283 Ȧ
ż̨ϵʥӣ޲һ˵Űе𾪡
˵ŽԵδϵȻԵһ̶ȡֵܼˣҲ벻ɽǧʥӽа塣
һʱ䣬ʥӰΪһһѺЩʥӣǱЦЩȲҪһɥȪ
Ž壬ĪҪǲɽĵӸϾɱſϰݣ
ҧأɫϾضסͬʱ¶ֲʥϯ糱ż̨ϵĲʥΪ֮
ϣϣϣ
ǧɽĵӣ׷׼˸Եıһضס
ǺǣǲɽΪĿáҲٶ˵ˣЩʥӣ޲̤ƽɽЩĵָ⽴ױЦƱˡ
˻
ģȫΪ֮Ȼ
ò˵׵Ļڳڶʥӵߡڲɽÿһ컯ɾʥӣ֮ǡǣΪʵ̫ڹż̨ϣûһʥӵҽ¶
һЩʥӻŵȻص壬ټţɱϲɽΪȥʥӱѩޡ

˵ֻҪ컯ɾгȥͻᱻĽ֮Ĩȥ䣬ԣҪѩޣǲܵˡ
Ž飬ԸԿȻھԵ£Ȼ벻ɽһа塣
Ž컯ɾеõ˴Ҳ˵
Ҫ㹻ʵһŽһ𣬿ϧÿһʿӵĻԵ
ʥӣһп
ӴǣһƿɶȻҲٻŻˣϷںϵɵһЦһͽٻ˳
Ϸڶɽٵʱ򣬾֮ļУսӵ֮ࡣ
һ֣ʱڳ˵ĿסˡһզྪĽʺޡ
ҲһЩʥӱʾмңڻɽһϷҲˡȻ˵̺ⷨܣȴʮڣɽʥߣҪһء
ûϷķȻ൫衵ռơ
ЩĿⶾʥӣһء
ƺ˽ϷһЦػһֻһϷڣ͵ӿѵ
ֲ𣬸һ֣ʥȫĿһĻˡԭʮ˲䱦磬Ƴ죬̺ʥ̩ɽѹһͷֶ£ȫǹ˺衵ķ

һΣЩϥһڵء

ͬʱڳڶʥӣһ󾪺Ϸǿһ
ԭϷķƷʲֻͣǷǳ⣬Ҫӳ֣ܹܸȫչֳ
һߡ
罣ȫͬһ߰ķһֳķâоڷϵķһ˲ֱԡ
˵ҹķҪΪŹ֡
Ѱʥߵķͬҹķϸֱ̣ϣһСߡ
ǣֻҪҹԸ⣬еķͿ˲۳һ򣬾춯ء
ЩһĴڣ
ŽһˣѾǳֲˣ˭ߵЩʥӣҲʵף
һкϷˡ
ڳһʥӣһ˫˸˸Ź⡣
׼ɱ
һ˵Ŀֲɱ衸ҧһ
ɱ
׵һЦһӡ
ˢˢˢˢ
ʱ֡񡢶ҹϷׯƸһˣҲƵسŲɽǧʥɱȥһɱ죬Ȧһ
ƾǣҲ󣿡һЦ
䣡
䣡䣡
׳һӣ԰ټƵɳǧʥ֮СʱǺ飬ÿһɳرѿٿǳ뱬顣̼䣬⧲Ĳɽӣİ֮࣬ʧرһغ
ͬʱǧʿɵķҲ˲ķѣһʿˣȻս
ɱ
ɱ
֡Ϸ񡢶ҹһˣһͷͷǣ֮Ѫ׷ɣʬǱҰνĿġ
ȫ𶯣
һʥӣȫĿضǰһĻö˵
һȻһ֣òɽǧ˴룬Ƕô׵ֶΣ



1284 ͷ
ʲôͨؼ׳ÿһɳǳ飬ըԪʥߣЩɽ붼ûвԪ磬Գܣ
ѹŽ޿֣ҪɽǧϾɱԭб֣Բ޿֡
ҿ֮ǰûһʱ嶯Ž巢ͻĻԾĹˣ
ʥӣš
ɱ
ֳһ罣ɱ죬һȺͽ罣ýӰ죬ÿһһƬѪˮĿġ
ֵǣ˶ڣ˺ս
һʥӴһ

ʱʮӣ׷׳ŷΧ£һ˫Ѫ顣
˺ս
һƣһЦһ߶Ѫ͵һն
͡
ʱһɫĽâһ֮У˲仮ƳգЯϢĿֲԳʮȥ
⡭
ʲô˿ֲ
죬ȫֵ
ʮʿ⧲֮£׷֧֣еķͼֵ
ϧǵ۵
ͣͣͣͣ
ֻһѪ˺ʮʿ˲촦ŵ£һҵѪ֮Уɫ
ֻһ˳նɱ˲ɽʮӣ
ǶôֲĽ
ϵһɫĽâһնɱʮ֮δһصڹż̨ϣػ¡¡һ챬󣬲ָƽ
ֲһĻùż̨ϵһʿȫųһ亹
һż̨ϵػֱ飬ôеʥӶɥȪ
ҺãĹż̨Ƿּʿܹݻٵġ
ţҿʲôҵķ֣Ȼһնɱʮɽʥӣʲôս
նʲôôû˵
⽣̺һ˿ѲǴ˵еɼ
컯ɾҵɲأҪȻҲѧɼ
ʥӣһ۷׷ףɴţۡ
֣̫ͷˡ
ϷһЦʩչڷֱ֣ӽɽϰٸӸ䣬ȥ죬޾ĺڷХ˻㱼׹ڤ֮УûȷӦͲҺһճ˻ҽ
ɱϷƱҪһءȺսϷΪֲ
ʱ䣬ϰٸɽʥӣϷĺڷ֮С
ȫһȳ
򣡡
ҹһնһĮӿϰɽӣ͵һӡ
¡¡
һ̣ҡػΣż̨Ϊ֮𶯡޾ʥӿ糱ҲƵϯ
ż̨ϵʥӣ׷׳ֵ֣ɢĿֲ˳
Ƭ̺󣬵ȵʥסΣȥҹǰϰɽӣĶаӰȫըûҷһҶ¡
ûɵģż̨Ⱥʥӣ׷׺󳷣һ˵ľ룬ٶ
û취һ˵սʵ̫ڿֲˣһնɱϰɽĵӣֲ֮ʥᲢۡ
ż̨ϵʥӣ¶㷲һ˵ϴ١
˵˽ֶһ˵ʵ˽ʿ֮⣬˻ϵһˣǧɽսȻռѹԵƣһ鸽壬вһͽɽʥӸϾɱ
һʱ䣬ʥӣԸֻ̾ԼԵǳûһһõԵˡĻһʥǰͷˣԼˡ
쿴ɽʥߣȻŽΧ£ȥˣ
нʮʥߣʥ죬ӣŽΣˣ
أʥӾڳ˷׷ѭȥ
Ž壬֪Ҳɽĺ̨컯ɾľŹŵǵδҲ̫֪ߵغˣʮԪʥߣޱصס
ңñ̨ѹң
ײмһЦ˵Ѿˣ磬ҲηǿȨͼѹˣȻҴ˶
ͣͣ͡
նһĮŷ˶ĽʮʥߣƷɣһ̺ŰɫѪĵâ
Ȼǡն
ֵĳնͬǣʩչĳնҪѪɱȻ
顭
ʱ˶ʥߣһӦѣеķҲֶɣѪ
ò˵ͬʿǰʵ̫ˣ



1285 ׻
飡
׽̤ӡһΣƹһһʥߵǰһץͽסʥߵͷ­ֻһ죬ʥ߾ֵصɴ˫ؿԼԴһ飬ˤϣİ׵ıŽȻȫûл֮
Ҹƴˡ
ɱ
Ԫʥߣһһңеʥ׵Դ
նһЦЦضˡ
ϣϣ
һ̣ʥƫеؿ׵Դ֮ϣʥĻŭţΪһٽ׸նɱ˵ʱһɷֱ֮ӽеʥ˳ȥףȴǸֶأһЦЦı顣
ʲôһǣȻʥˣ
Žֲ̫ˣȻ컯ɾнƷʣ̶ȣƾ̶ֳȵǣֱһα
û뵽ʮʥߵΧŽ廹ܹͥŲŽȺΪ̬һ
ʥӣһʱԭЩʥӶ׻̫Ƕ׺ų
񿴵׵ĿֲսһȫĬȻˡ
ò˵ż̨ϵڶʥӣûоԵİܹսʤס
飡飡
ȭףֱӽʥߵԴ
ǲһһЦЦĿһɨŵʮҴʥȻһɢٴߴ٣Ҳû˵ǰһˡ
׻
֮£ֻýѹ׵ıһһɫķ׭ͳģ׭֮Կһɫ
ţ
ʲô׭
üͷһ
Ž壬վףǾŹŵĹųʹ͸ҵ׻ɱʥߣڣʥУҪһϢΪ˽նɱųϿѪˣ
Цһ˺׻һȼ
¡¡
ţһԼĪˮͰϸɫƾһЯױȵžҲƵشҪ׸һ̲࣡
ৡ
ʱ˵ĿȫΪ֮һһ
˵ʱʱ죬׻һ߶һɫ׵ʹ׸ֵ
ȣ
Ŀ֮£һȫĿľٶֻſ죬͵һɫ׻ȫ˸У
ţҿʲôŽȻ׻˸У
ӣŽҪˣ
ŽѵѰ·𣿡
ڳһʥӣȫɴţۣȫˡ
֣
֣
֡Ϸҹˣȫʧ׷˶
ں벻ɽĵӣĻŭţϲԽ
Ž壬׶ܹӲ̶ֳȵ׻
ɫǺ죬ȫǸ߸͹˿һȼڵڲ̺Ŀֲʱпӿ׸ըǧƬ
壬㲻Ҫٸ翹ˣվڣ
衲Ц
ż̨ԶĽ𻢡ҵʥӡ񶼵ʥӵȵȵгʥӣȫ٣һϣױ
УĿǰ壬Ҫ֧Ųסˣ
׶ͷٿҧأȳˡ
ʱһ춯صХ˷ϯƽһըףڳ˸εѡ
ţʥŵһĻˡ
ȫɢһӨӨ⣬˵忪ʼ͹ѪţһƬƬɫۣۿӵٶȣ׵Ƥ֮˳
ʱ䣬׵ȫ£ȫڰɫ۽֮УΨһ˫а۾¶⡣
ȥȫһͷޣ
ţҿʲôŽȻˣ
⾿ô£ŽΪαһͷޣ
û뵽Ž廹еûչֳʵǵϣ
ڳеʥӣȫǿŹһס
㣬㡭Ŀ״̬µףһʱ侹˵
״̬µףƷٶһ̨ף鸽壬Ƴ졣
ȣ
׸ҧȫڵ׻ȥֻȫ²ϵطž֮һ׻ǣȴûܶˡ
ֻ
ҵҪ˭Ҷһë
֡ϷҹһˣæػһĿ⾯ضΧʥӡ
ˣ̼ϣ
衴һټҴĲɽӣһֽڣҶһȻˡ



1286 ȫ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬³һһ
С㻹׻𣿸Ͻͳ׻ҵ۽״ųʣǷǳʡһЦЦؿ衡
һӵģ֡ҹϷһˣɵһЦ

ȫȻ
ڳʥӣȫ׻֮󣬾Ȼܹ
˼ǣ׾Ȼʥη׻𣬵˴Ĳҩʮֵÿ
ֱһ
㡭Ȼ衿׵񣬾ͺǿһħޱȵĿֻš
ɱ
ϷԸ𱬣÷ϻеķٶȳŲɽɱȥ
֡ҹˣȫϡ
һΣֵ˵ѡĿ꣬Ѱĵӣ̤ԪľӢ
з
£Ԫʿ׷ͳһöзȫ߶
зһȼգһűֶ£ԪʿȫС̼䣬ʿٶȣȫһɳ죬ƾ
ƾ֡Ϸҹһ׷ɱܹɵ֮زز
£ɽʥߣҲܹһ˸նɱˣΨһԸҪ˳شʱӳȥ
ָվס
һʱ׷ϲϣҽС
зȻ˾ٶȣҲֻʥܹ׷ϵϣ
Ϸüͷһ֣ڷ׷һ޿κεð̾һתеİŭ˲ɽ˶ٶϡ
Щͨĵӣûʲôз壬ʵϣзǵľΪҲ޿á

ǲɽŹǵġ
ŹŵʹһὫɱ⣬ΪǱѩޡ
һʱ䣬ҰѪɡ
ֲѪȵһĻĻùż̨Ͼþɳһʥӣȫľ
ӣûôף
û״̬µףĮһЦٿؽ̤ӡź衵ķӶȥ
ಣಣ
һ׷ԼŵûɢƴӴܣвϵʱյĳڿ֣һͿػˡ

׽̤ӡȫ߶Ѫ״̬£Ȼʩչзĺ˶٣ٿһſڣӿһɫ˿ৣͽ衸廨
ʲôʲô⣿Ȼһƴ˭룬ƾϵ˿ȴȫܸţڻԽԽ
ܹҵУҲˡ
׵ĮһЦһȭһ޾Ѫ˲佫衸û̼
˻
ȫһɧһʥӿ׵񣬳ž֮ɫԭײ̫ʥӣ׶ӵûС
սڳż̨Ѫ׷ɣУ֮ڤ֮Уսս
¡¡¡¡
ٿأż̨֮ϣһשѿ޾ķĴש֮·׷ɶ𣬺һֻֻ쵵ĺŹż̨Ͽϯȥ
ৡ
ʱʥӵĿ⣬ȫһ˲סˡ
쿴öĹϷ׭
Ҫ𣿡ʥӣȫ鲻Խؼ
ɱһնףȫԡѪĮбһ׷ɵĹϷ׭һƣʱսˣһˣ׵ʱһֱӽһıǹٻ˳
΢΢۾Ѫӿǣֱӽһ¡
֧ȫѪûɣһΣÿռ𵴣˻
쿴ŽȻǹˣ
ļһѵ´ݻٹż̨𣿡
ԸӲҪ˹ż̨ĻҶҪɥڴˣ
űǹĿֲƣڳʥӣȫһһŸ߿еס
ͣͣͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ȵĿ⣬Ӷָһɣ֧һ㣬ڸ߿лһĻߣԳӴܵĲɽʥȥ
Ҫ
Ž壬ҲŹ㡭
ʮһú
һ֧֧ҲƵسԼƴӴܵĲɽʥһң顭ֻһıƾзʥߣһ⣬ȫ׸ɱˣ
գ
֧˳ɱеĲɽʥ֮ڸ߿һȦٻ£ɢûһѪſһڡ
촽ſеѪɵһơ
֣
֣ü
֡Ϸҹһˣ׷״ӵǰ
ˣɽǧӣȫûһ



1287 Դ
ȫ𶯣
ʥӣÿһǼʶ㣬þɳ֮ûһʥӻϵһ벻ɽǧӵսһ
һֵܣȻȫ˵£ȫ߲ɽӣ
Ƕô׵ս
ԶĸʥӣȫȺ۷׷ףһ˵񣬳žη֮ɫ
ò˵һսֵʥǰ𣬷ͷһʱ
ѹҰٽͼͶ𻢣Žһ˷ͥ񣬽𻢸ȻܾˡΪˣһ˼⣬ԭ֪Լһ˵Ķ֣֪֮ԲŲԸףȡ衣ٽŵĵӣ˼һƣбһ۲ԶɫĽ𻢣һЦ
˵Ž֮䣬һʮ֮ԼӣӦô컯ɾȥ֮˾Ҫһˡ𻢵ʵҪʤһģ¿ǾΪʵս𻢶޷ŽᲢۣ
Žĳɳٶʵ̫ˣ̶̵ʮʱ䣬ͽԪڣٶȣһɣǶû˻Ķ֣
ǲɽʮ⣬Žһһĵĺ£ֵ
ʥӣȫ׵ıָסˣĸʥӣʱ˿Ҳ鲻ԽҪ̾һ䡣
¡¡¡¡
ż̨𵴣Ĵש֮·׷ɶ𣬺һֻֻ쵺ۼڸ߿գÿһöģ̺ſֲһεѹ
ৡ
ż̨ϣʥӣȫ̧ͷȫעضŸ߿еķģҽ
סϷһˣһ֮Ҳ׷̧ͷ߿еķġ
ܿ죬˹еĿ£ǧѸۻûϲɣϢϵشڣһöӴądַ׭۳Σƾڹż̨ϿգһƬƵ͵͵ѹͷƵ£˴Ϣܡ
ʱż̨ϵһʥӣƽһͷݵĳ嶯
ţ
ַģƺ
Ÿ߿еӴģֲɵһʧ
ǳڹ˵רġ
΢΢˫һЦڣйµķģ⣬ڹؾУҲַġ
ԣϷҹˣʱ˫˸˸Ź⡣
֣㲻Ǵӹ˵м̳һַ壬Ҳܹûdַôҹһƣʲôʱķģܹ߿еöһ̺ˣ
׿Цһ
ӹ͵ѧ壬Ķôף
ڻԵɺ֮£ҲֻѧһЩƤëѡ
ৣৣৣ
أڸ߿еĹϷ׭һĹ켣תͬʱһԴ飬гɰǧÿһ⣬ƫеһʥӣڲ
ʲôǺ񱻱ˣ
ÿֲƺҵȫеܣⱦ֮£һ࣬Ҳû˽ԡ
⣬ҵʶƺ֣ܵ
ܿ죬ɢڹż̨λʥӣȫʧһŵɫɷס
ͬʱסϷһˣҲıһӹϷ׭а뿪ıסˡ
˵Уÿһ뿪컯ɾʥӣҪܹ˵Ľ֮й컯ɾһЩĨɱʶ쳣ǿҲѡĪǣⱦҪǵʶй컯ɾļĨ
ҹ˼磬һ뵽һֿԡ
ûѾоԼʶȫˡɫϣͷˢˢ䡣
֮
üͷһҼй컯ɾһαˣôҵӰ콫ǳ󡣵ʱ򣬿īǰ˭֪ˡһСزվҵǰҲֻһİˡ
ǣ컯ɾѧϰġնɳȵȸͨؼҲӡڼһҵʵۿۣõԵҲΪջӰ
һˣ׵ʱ̼
׵ķ֡Ϸҹһˣɵѽѣͫ׽һÿĿ⿴ס
ûԸԼļ䱻ӡ
£Ψһϣֽģֻ̳˹һַ˶ˡ
֣֮
֣еϣȫˣ
ֵ۰Ͱ͵ס
һʱҧأüãȣҲֻҽˣ˵ţһȫ߶еķ壬ܿ죬׵ȫ¾һööķ֮УͬʱһƴСądַ׭ƾ֮ϡ
dַ׭һ֣ԭĹ̼;ҡ֣žһ鿪
ɹˣһȻͫף˼ı⣬



1288 乭Ʋ
Щš
û뵽ԼһһöƴСądַ׭׾ٵذϵԼ
ӣԼƿصķ壬ȫԱܿĽ֮
̫ˣһҼй컯ɾĲ֣Ͳñӡˡ
һЦ
֣ɹˣϷһĿؿס
֡ҹˣҲĿɿڴ
ȻֵܶϣܹƳĽ֮ôҲûϵ˷絭ؾͳɹˡ
š׵˵ͷ
ǡ
һ̼شߴٵ
ϣŰƴСądַ׭ɿسŷֱӶȥ߾ƣͺһһӣƴСądַ׭;Է׷ɶ𣬳űԼķϯȥ
ϣ
˭룬ƴСądַ׭һӴԼһ糱Ŀֲϯֱӽdַ׭˳ȥ
һΣɫȻЩ̱ڵء
ʲô
ı⣬ƺǳųҵądַ׭üͷһ֡
Ȼһͷ৶䣬ô죿㶼ûа취Ļϵûܹˣ
ҧҧŲתŲԶϷϯȥ߾ƣ
ָһӣdַ׭׵Ĵ߶֮£һεطϷԼ
Ȼһ̣һ޵ĳһݡ

ϥһЩ̱ڵأŲϵţһưܵķ䡣
֣Ϸеشһ
һɥҡҡͷ
Уҵķ壬ֻܹԼƳ֮ƺ޼¡Ϊ
ˣÿÿ˵

ҵʶ
ܣʴġ
أż̨ϵÿһʥӣҵزȫ⾷ΣϷֽŶ¸ͣ
֡ϷҹһˣɥʧĿȨͺ׹˱֮жȫ
У
缸ļǱӡôѧϰɼҷΪջӰÿһ˵ʵۿۣ׽üڷ٣˺һǹһӭͦ
Хż̨ɳ죬һޱĸо
̧ͷһڹż̨Ͽգ񷶥ɡһĹϷ׭˫Ⱪ˸
ȻҲֵܹຣǣֻҪһ׳нֱӽﳤądַ׭һ䴩̾ͻɢһĽ֮ҲʧЧ
ͻأģ׵Ժиֳһǳ뷨
һˣ׵ʱٳɣһǹٻ˳
ˣˣ
ıǹһ֣ʱ磬һƺܵеɱ⣬ЩȲˡ
Ž壬Ѫ繯
׿дʣ̼䣬糱ĽɫѪҲƵش׵ӿڸ߿л۳һƬѪѪ
ɢڹż̨ʥӣʱ˿ȻסӣáǣʶȻѡһ׾ȻԼָ֮һٻ˿ֲѪ˳ɵη塣
һЩйԹʥӣдģŲѡ
뿴Ĺż̨ϣÿһʥӣסӣʯһáʱôеʥӶϵ⣬׸
ףǸΨһһٵ
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԹԹг𱨳𣬽ЩԼгʥնɱ
ǸһΪʲôܹѽ֮ʵ̫Źˣ
ԸɱĻڳʥӶһ
֪ҲŽԹ
һ壬ʶʥӣԺ˼׷ɡ
ˡ
أ׷һХ죬ͬʱڸ߿еѪ˲ѹ۳һ֦ɫǶڱǹ֮ϣ
ǡ
űǹ˫ۼ߸һؽҸһ״̬ʱһɿֲĽ֮ɱϯ죬ùż̨ϵڶʥȫΪ֮Ŀ
ʥӿ乭ֱָ񷶥֮ϵĹϷ׭ʱȫɴţۣ졣
ţһĪǷ𣿾Ȼ乭׼ĹϷ׭
Žһ֮ͽȫ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ˶˿һ֪ôģ
ôȫԷ٣Ȼ츳׿һƣͿԽɱ
ʥӣ˼׷ɲֹ
֣
֣
ͬʱ֡Ϸҹһˣȫ˫Ѫһŵؿףа



1289 ׳н
˲֪Ϸֵּȴ֮ԸԸðΣͼ񷶥֮ϵĹϷ׭ȫΪ˰ֵ֮ķӡ
һʱ䣬ֵůůģǳж
Ϊһ뾭ֵܣ׵ƢҲʮ֪һ˵飬ͷţҲ
ԣû˳Ȱ裬ֻǰײҪΣա
ȣ
Źȫ¾Өɢ޾ı⣬鸽壬ֲϯ񷣬һ֦ƴƺʱп˺񷶥ɡǣǧǧ硣
أһöödַ׭۶ɣ֮ϣһԱĿֲ
ৡ
̼䣬ż̨ϵڶʥӣȫĿһһޱȾżӳ˰ö׭ıǹ
ʲôŽΪҲܹͷųdַ׭ң˵ϢоĹϷ׭һޣ
ĪŽ컯ɾеõɲأҪȻΪζ˸ķ壿
ѹΨŽܹƿ֮ԭлԵ
˱ˣŽ屾ʣѾ壬˭ĻԵˣȴȻ˵ķʲôʱܹŽʮ֮һĻԵ˾ͺˡ
һʥӣɵÿЦã׿νĽʺޡ
쿴־Ȼһٻ˰ödַ׭
ϷƺȴʶĴ̹ǵʹ
һ׼һˣҧء
ƣ
ͻȻָһɣѪವһƳգԳ񷶥ɡһĹϷ׭ȥ
ͬʱöƴСądַ׭ƴزһʮصĹ켣תš
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬ɿָһ˲䣬Ͳƫе˹Ϸ׭롣̼䣬һǳ飬ɽѵıԳ˷ϯҡػΣ˻
̺޾Ѫ˲䱬ըֲϵس˷Ž
ϢһϣһȫעضŹϷ׭
ڣˣɢȥ﷽ԲĹϷ׭أԺڸ߿Уԣһɹ̩ɽѹֶ¡
Ϸ׭Ȼûܵһˣأ
˻
һĻԭһ˿ϣϷ֡ҹһˣɵôͷɥҡ
תǬ
նף죬Ƿɫž޲ƺǰľȫ޶ԡ
ʵϣһֵߡ
ڹĹϷ׭ǰ׵Ѫǲ׺һֵһᡣ
ѹ׵ľöƴСądַ׭
öƴСądַ׭㾡ȫԼƿصķȼۣջûɵģ
ˣöƴСądַ׭̺ﳤĹϷ׭ҲֻǾţһë׺һһĴڣ
Ҫƾƿصһַ壬ԿĽ֮ڳ˵Σ
׵ĿģҪ߶ödַ׭Ϸ׭һӲӲĳײðöƴСądַ׭Ϸ׭ڲ񣬴ӶʹϷ׭ڲ߽⣡
ò˵һǳ󵨵뷨
ǡ
׵ȫ߶֮£öƴСķ׭˲䱬ѿ޾ķ壬ûһԱ⣬һ˹Ϸ׭ڲգۼʧ٣
ţ˫ַɣĬдʣƺڲϵش߶ŷң
Х׺˿٣㵸ͺһ߻ħķӡ
һѵһٻƹϷ׭ʥӰѽ֮ţ
ᡣŽԹԲؽĻ¡Ҳ£ֻҪԼֵܰˣ
ԸܹɹȻԵǳ컯ɾҲЩԵԸʹ˱ӡ
ʥӣһȴ˺ѷεʹȫעض׵һһ
׵ĳɰܣֱӾʥӵˣ
顭
ԼĪһյĹ򣬷񷶥ɡһӴ׭ͻأؾҵزͬʱӹϷ׭дıԣҲʱʱ֣˲١
ţ
ܵͻȻ˲١
˫һ
ţż̨ϵĲʥӣȫϲطԼֽ𽥿ԻˣʱưɹͨԼѹ׵ؼͼѽ֮ķӡ
ûԸԼļ䱻Ӵڼ
ȡ
߿У׺˿٣ȫͣƤǺ죬߸͹Ȼټޡƺʱ֧ŲסӸ߿յ



1290 Ư
ץʱ䣬ѾҪֲסˣ
߾
ʩչ˽һ⾳һݣ˳Լ˳
𣡡
Ϸȫԡ𣬺ƻܿ㽫ıһա
򣡡ҹ򣬽̤ζתܿҲԼ
ٺ٣ɲɲǷ֮
Ԫӿ̼䣬ͻָ֮
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ䣬ֵܾȫָ֮
ԶҲвٵʥӣ˳˳ϲ
ׯƸˡ
ϷܣĿͶ
߿Уͦǹؽҧȫͣ㣡
¡¡¡¡
ﳤķ׭عţһĿĵѷ죬ӷ׭˺ѿܲ
ãʱ䲻ˣ
Ϸһ̼
ƴˡ
ݽҧȼھѪʩչ˻ɽһĽƯ
ֻһ°ƵȼͰ˲ȼȥͺһϰĻһƾƯڰУ޾ʥ˻
ʲôǻɽһĽĿࡣ
֣ӦþǡƯɣ
תͷЦеؿϷ
ϷͷЦƯҪȼ°Ĵ̫ˡһΣҲȲѣʩչһɽһĽ
䡭
۷׷֮ʣһЯˣ˲Լ˳
̫ˣûָ֮ˣ
˷ܵػһȭͷ
áϷһסЦݺ㡣
Ц񵭣΢΢̧ͷһеؿ߿еס
ֻʣׯƸˡϷĿͶأڷƸׯˡ
ƸׯеľΪΪͶˣ֮ǰֱħһʥ׷ɱشҪԼΪѡ
Һ׵£Ϸ׭ƵԽԽߣһʥı⣬ҲԽԽ
ˣҪˣĻƿصķ壬᳹ױ
أһնף͵رһ͵شһӣĬдʡ

ʱһԴӹϷ׭д£ඥһӿ׵֮У̼䣬ױָƽͥŲشӸ߿н
ô
һеؿֵˡ
ׯƸֵܣ˶˹˵Ľ֮Ϸش
üͷ΢΢һ壬³һȻǲеˡ
ӵͷһЦ
ʹ
˭ңҿɲʧȥ
ʱż̨ϵĸ䣬ϵʥʧһ̣ӹϷ׭дµԱ⣬˲ɢΪޡ

ׯƸֵƺһϥһ̱ڵأһ˫вɵ¶һĨã֮ɫ
ףĶ
֣ǲǽ컯ɾΪʲôһӡûˣ
Ƹׯһ
Ƹׯ
Ϸǰֶ
ݼˡ
ݼˡƸׯæڵأҾ
Ϸ˻֣Ǽй컯ɾĲ֣Ѿ˵Ľ֮ӡˣؾᣬԵǻǿԿӡġ
ԣׯƸ߻ȻͷǣվվϷ
ͬһĻڹż̨ĸݣ౻ӡһּʥӣԵʮãȻ޴룬ڱ˵ʾ֮£ŪڵĴ
壬лˣ
壬һʵܵĶ󣬴û
壬Ǵʱгȥ֮һҪϯúøмһ
ͬ˽֮ʥӣԶһױл⡣
׵һЦΪ⡣
ʵϣֵܣʥӣ׸ĮģҲΪƼˮʥӣԸðΣո
¡¡¡¡
ܿ죬û˴ӽ֮влعڸ߿ﳤĹϷ׭¡һըѳǧ׭ư쵺һŹż̨Χϯȥ
һʱ䣬ڹż̨ı֮⣬Уƾջûһټǿһǿ֮ţɢҫ۵ı⡣
쿴ǿ֮ųˣ
ҹʶڵһʱ侪
ৡ
ʱס񡢷һˣ׷̧ͷǿ֮š
⣬ǿ֮ڹż̨ı⻤֮⣬ǳΣգüͷһš
һ˹ż̨ı⻤֣ǴͷǳΣˣ˵ͻᱻռɣ̼һغ
Ϸͷ৶䡣



1291 ǿ֮
ǿ֮ųֵһɲǣż̨ϵʥȫˣһȲĦȭƣԾԾԣҪһٷǿ֮ţ˳ص塣
ǿ֮ŵΧ糱ĿֲʱÿһʥȫɫϾ
˵Уܹ컯ɾ˳Ƿǳѵġʥӽ컯ɾҲֻǧˣνʮ֮һʣǳпᡣ
Ҫ˳ʱдҲͬǳѣǾһĴ
һʼ֡ϷˣЩšĿãɵÿЦá
컯ɾʱ龳ĸֲұУҪһغЩողԪʥˣ
̲ס
λ
˫ֻأһЦѵ˵ڵʱգ컯ɾıԵռ䣿
ৡ
Ϸҹֵˣ׷תͷһŹֵؿס
ȻǴ컯ɾıԵشǣƬռ̺ķ壬컯ɾûʲôͬһƣζЦ
̫ˣ˵ȫƾŴӹм̳еһַ壬شǿ֮ˣ
ֵɴţۣһϲصס
û׵ͷһЦҲǿգ޾⣬Ҳ԰ǽǿ֮ţƬʱա
ԣϷҹһˣɵһһЦ
̫ˣҿڣĻǼֵҪػص壬ǳ룡ҹʮ˷ܡ
ϧԴһʱգǾʧȥ뱦ĹͨƺһεˣȻĻǸɴֵıУҲ˳Щ
ˣ²˳٣ͳգ
һԶһЩʥӣеʥӣȫɫϾȫ߶з׼һ
ʱڣƺûһʥӣһȵһΪһսˡ
׵һЦһӣǧ׭ϯֱӽϷ֡ҹһ˸Уһӣһ˶ʱڿն𣬾Գſռеǿ֮ŷ˶ȥ
쿴Žǰһ׼һսǿ֮ˣ
ʥʧ
ʱеʥӣ׷˫ȫעؿһˣ׼һ˵սмȡѵ
ΪŽ壬ȻһзʥӰզп

Хһ׵Ĵ£ܿ˳µشӱ⻤з
һѱ⻤ֵı̾ɺϯЯϢϢͣͣƺһ̾ҪûĲƬ
ãһҪˣ
̫ˣҪˣǻص϶Ҫͬ죡
һһգż̨ϵһʥӣʱɫ䣬Ϊһ˵ĴǵģҲֻģһ㡣
Ȼһ̣ʥĿһĻˡЯſֲϢɺһһˣͱһεƷ˳ȥһˣ𣬷絭سǿ֮ڵķλӶȥ
һ·֮ϣڲӿǰ·ϵĿռռ֮ȫмһˣƺûзϡ
ţҿʲôŽɲǰһȻȫʱ
ʥӾ
ܣʱеʱƺƵһֻԵѹȸС龳ĸ֣Կ⣬һЩԪСˡʥӳ
ѵЩʱֻͽĻ󣿶ŽѰʦһ۾ͿеĶߣԲ޿֣
ʥԶ󿪣롣
ԣǿ쿴Žһ˵ƺŴĹϷ׭
أʥӼһż̨ϵڶʥӵĿ⣬˹ȥ
ৡ
ĸʥӣĿһȥܿͿһƵĹϷ׭
ţ
׭ƺ֮ǰʱʱػĹϷ׭һޣ
ʥһ죬ѹŽ岻ռԭз׭壡
ӣŽһˣƾŽƿصķ壬ܹ˷絭ڿռд󣡰Ҫǽܹʱվͺˣ
ܿʥƲʵࡣ
ಣಣ
ԼĪһյĹһڶʥȵĿУǿ֮ǰն
λȽȥһһЩ˽ҪһƣΪζΪ֮һЦ
˽£ʲô˽£
üͷһ塣
ϧ׸ýͣһӣһɰϯͽϷҹ֡һ˸ǿ֮ڲ
ԱīʱһƬӰһǿ֮ţ˸䣬ͳʧ١



1292 ˲
Ҳ֪˶ã㱼ƹһԪֺֻеָһ˲
һͷĿѣת֮󣬷֡ϷҹһǰһһƬϤǿ֮С
һסΣ־鲻Խһϡ˷ܴ̫ˣڻص˳˼ĺļңȻе컯ɾҪϡö࣬ѾȲҪصǣصĹŷˣ
ϷҹˣҲϲЦտͬĸܡ
ֻûлǵȵҹ΢΢һЦ
˵־ʲôǣ
üͷһ
ʲô飬ûв´϶ëˣ׼ûһʺơƲƲ죬ƺ׵ƢһԴֵܣǽһ󷽣Դ׷ǹʵİˣɱܰƤ̰
δ䣬Ϸҹֵˣȫ˼ص˵ͷ
Ǵһ̡
ֵͷһЦڣȷʥӰȫص壬һʴţЩڸŵʥӣΪһʧ϶ĸԸشѪһΣ׬һ
ֻѲƵ飬Щ棬ѹҪ֧ЦҹƲƲ졣
Ųء
߷߲ѣĵֻǲǷ߰ˡ
ԣڳһֵܣɵɫΪΡ
ǺôҲһ֡Ͼڽ𽣶죬ǽ𽣶ǳΪ̫һˣҪҪͼǿ𽣶췢չ׳󡣿бǲɹ鵤ҩҪǮơм࣬ЩںʥӣǾԲġ
Ϸ˰֣Щεա
Ĳ˵˵ϴ컯ɾжֵǵЯ࣬νɽֻҪһ仰Ǳţ˽𽣶졣ֻϴԸ°֮ʳֺޡ߬ȭͷ
ͬʱʱա
ǻǿ֮ǰףŲһתԵת˷򣬳Źż̨ķӶȥ
ˣˣ
ż̨Χı⻤֣Դǿ֮ų֮󣬾ͱԽԽȹ̣޾Ŀռĳ֮£ҡҡ׹ĸоùż̨ϳǰʥӣһ֣̿׼һ
ţǿ쿴ŽȻֻˣ
ʥӷԭ·صףɵþ
ʱż̨ϵһʥӣȫһŹֵؿס
ܿ죬׷絭ش˹ż̨Ͽգһһµĺ׳־λ֮ǰҲˡƿһַ壬԰ǿ֮⴩󡣲ò˵ʱеĿռʵֲ̫ˣһǳΣաңȴΪǱݻ
һ٣ڶʥеһƣżɽڣǲһסֻҪǸ裬ҾͿԴһʥӳȥ²˳٣Ҫ׻١
˵ţ˫ֻأһȻЦŹż̨Ŀһʥӡ
ʲôŽȻҪһʽף
裬ԹһȫصĻ᣿
̼䣬ż̨ϵһʥӣȫһ۷׷ףʮҡ
ţŽδҲ̫˰ɣȻ˲ƣҲµӢۺܳЦһʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ裬ôȥ
ʥӷ߷߲ѡ
Ȼ٣ڳʥһǺŵĺĵӣȻ󣬵Ϊ˱ǳģ
ò˵ŽҪۣǳ̫꣬ףҲ̫޼ƿʩ
ʥӣܿۿˡ
塣
ʱʵʥӣһȵ׵ǰ񣬡Ƕʮ裬ϣܹ˰ȫ塣˵ţһǬݸס
׽ӹǬʶһɨʱϲЦտ
˵һӣǧ׭ʱʵʿػС
ˣҵķ׭ػǲһΣգȥգ׻˻֣ߴٵ
ʵĸʿһۣ֮£ֻ׵Ȱ˵ŷӣſռеǿ֮ϯȥ
䡭
˭룬ûĸʿɳԶһɿռͷϯ£ʱż̨ϵڶʥӣȫһ
ںܿ죬ʵʿͰȻس˿ռֱ룬ǿ֮ڲ
ಣಣ
Ӱһƾʧ١
ʵʥ˳ص壡
ӣŽǸԶŵˣֵ
ҾˣҪŽнףֻ裬ֻҪܹص壬
ٵʥӣڶݵĳ֮̾˾ߡ



1293 ̧
壬ϣ㽻ס
壬ǵʮ衣
壬жʮ衣
ż̨ϣڶݵĳ֮󣬺ܿɧʥ𣬴Ǭͳ˴裬ףΪ·ѡ
߲ܣƽɣǧķ׭ϯ£ػڸʥӵ
¡¡¡¡
ż̨ҡεˣػڹż̨Χı⻤ҲԽԽƺʱӦ顣
塣
ʱŷ٣һ꣬׵ǰһΣԺҲɽףɬһʱòʮ㿴ܲͨһ£ǻص壬̱˽ʮš
һƣ˵ͷԺĵôãҴӦˡ۸Ҫǡ
˵Ժ׹ϵ컯ɾ͸Ժġ
û⡣
ͷһһԸͨڣæӦǳȥ֮ȥʮ衭˵һ룬һ״æĿڣʮ衭㿴𣿡
ˬһЦȻˣҾһ棬һѡ˵ţһӣǧ׭ֶ¡
Ժʱϲ𣬳ǿ֮ŷӶȥ
ԺʥӵľٶһЩվһԸɵۣͬΪɬ״ʥһ׷״ǰԸļ۸׽нס
ѪģұС
̧̧Ƥ־ʥӣδûԺţҪѪġ
һɿڣڸŵʥӣæģŵ׼ʮϰΪ͡
ն˫ֻأһ⡣
𽣶ĹżҺϻ˲ٽ컯ɾý𽣶췢һʺơ
û뵽컯ɾгȥֿԷһʺơ
һΣȫԶռʺơ
ͬʱйԹʥӣǺ޵ҧгݣͲȥ׸ǧˡ
ǻĹźңŽѪ϶Ըǽнס⣬ԸǽнףҲܹһǲǿ֮ͻȻķ׭Ǿֻ·һˡ
ûҪףӳϣһ˵ϣǼֱЦ
Ĺźҵʥ۷׷ףܿʹһ¡
ƴˣ
ƴˣ
£ҵĵֳҲƵسǿ֮ϯȥ
һĻ˲ʥӵע⡣
ಣಣ
ܹӰһӹż̨ػзɳȫȼվѪʩչ־һǿзɿζ
ʱԹ۵ʥȫΪ䰵һѺ
쿴ǻĹźҵĵӣûŽнףѡдأʥӾ
¡¡¡¡
δ䣬һ캧ϯ£ǧһ֮ʣӰֻҴܣֻһĲҺһӰ˲ķѣѪˮɡ
ӰҴҲ˾֮ƴسǿ֮ϯȥ
飡
飡
ϧӰûȿǿ֮ţ͸Աһռ֮иˣҡ
գֻһ˳ǿ֮С
ķ֮һĴʣ
˵⻹ǵһϲ׵İдصʥӡ
һ̣ԭЩʥӣʱдصͷ
Ҫ֪Ĺźҵĵӣ񣬴оԶʵоǰéĴڡĸĹźҵľӣȫԸأվȻֻһ˳
ķ֮һĹؼʣϧʥǣȫһɥ
ǣѰʥͼأķ֮һĴʣδС
ĸ˻һ
΢΢һЦƲƲ죬ڣ˾ԼֵĻҲûл
壬Ƕʮ衣
壬ȴǷѪģȳȥ屶۸񲹳㡣
ԥʥӣ׷״ǰһ׸ӵش
촽˫ֱأһЦˣҪǼۣÿһҪʮ裬˵ĳȥ˱
˻
䣬ȫһȻ
ÿһʥӵϣʹı顣ٵʥӣ޲ȥͱһ
ϧĿնɱǧɽ֮û˸ҷ
ңʥӵľݣ˭ͼı죬̾ͻ⵽Χߡ
ҴӦˣʮ裡
壬ھѪģȥȥ裡
ڶݵĳĬеʥӣٶѡЭû취ѪܵʵǰûٸóȻдء



1294 
ԼĪһӵĹ׽н׵ʥӣѾﵽٶ
ٶʥӣֱӸ״ǧٶ裡
⻹Ƿ׵ǧ裡
ò˵һǴ󷢺ƣ׬һǮ
˵ǧ裬׻ص𽣶죬һԱɲƴֵ̫ϵȫװεñ磬ӨĿ
Х׺˿٣ȫԶɣһޱȵ泩
ͷбһ۹ż̨ϵʥӣ΢΢һơ
Щʥӣһ룬׵ĳң𽣶йĦ׽нס
顭
ʱż̨שɶػڹż̨Χػ֣Ҳ𵴣
ʱ뿪ˡ
һƣ
ڳҵ׿ɹܲôࡣ
壬
ʱ˴һ壬ϣܹҽнס
ĵӣ
üͷһһ˵ͷǸһĨаĻЦ
壬׼ֵйĦǵж
ʮ衣
ĵ׵ǰװʮǬݸף壬һһӦңҲԸ㽻ףΪˣԸټ衣
˵ţͳһǬװ衣
ŶʲôҪ󣿡ЩЦСӾȻҪ
ҪѪģڻҵĹУԳķ׭ĵӱ˺þãڹ˵ﻰͷ¡
˭룬һƽǬ˳ȥһЦСӣ״ɣʸ̸𣿾ƾʮҲҷѪģֱ̫Цˡ
ǡҪ١ĵŵֱ¡
ͷҲصسǿ֮ŷӶȥһǧ裬ҪУҾʹȥҪûУรգ
δ䣬ĵӲɵõһ̱ڵأᡣ
һǧ裿
˵һʥˣŵ峤Ҳδһóô衣
ЩйԹʥӣûа취õİæˡСӣһʻӣ
û취ˣֻзһˣϣܹ˳ɹѣ
Ž壬ȣǻص壬һҪÿ
ʥؿײǿ֮ţһʧ٣ȫ
䡭
ʱż̨ϵػ֣ںȻ鿪޾Ŀռӵ롣
ӣ
尡
ʱӰ׷𣬳ǿ֮ϯȥ
һ̣ÿһʥӶȫʩչԵͨؼеȼվѪеʩչеĸɴԪʩչطȥνɹͨ
ÿһκлٵʥӷǵĲҺҵɺһغ
ʦ𣬷壡
üͷ壬֮ƾոֳһģķ࣬˺һѸһǿ֮ȥ˭룬շɵһ룬ʮռ֮Уնжŵý𻢻ɢæٻʶ֮е
ণ
ֻһ죬һɵת£ڵٶƾ
ಣಣ
ļӳ£֮յض˿ռ֮еϮһ
ԼĪһյĹ֮󣬽˳زǿ֮ţкɣŽ壬սȻ㣬ҵĵȴһŲ֪ĵƣѾһĿȻˡ
ڣѾЩڴǼľˣ
ЦһΣƾʧ١
ͬʱʥӿɾûôˡٵʥӣռûһغ
ܹʣµʥӣ˳ǿ֮ŵʥӣֻʮ
ò˵Щҡ
壬ƫƧǿ֮С
ಣ
׵ӰƾճϷһ˵ǰ
֡
֣ڳˣǿΪ㵣˺þã֡Ϸˣһףʱϲա
׵һЦ˰֣뵣ģûʲô¡
ϴʵǲǳû˲ˣ
رʡ
εͷЩ޿κΣû뵽ⶼǸˣٺ٣ЦЦ
֣˵óڣȻһʮ裬ҪˣҪֱһѵ˰
ҡԴ׵ʮָӡ
Ǵùİ
һ
ʣЩ϶й׵ʥ͸¶ġ
ӣܰƤıԣȫ¶ֵܵǰ



1295 ϥ̸
֣ҸղŴԵعһ£һ裬ǧ˳ԾһҡͷԣôһʲƸѰıң˵þõóġ
׵һЦҲϡ
ԶϷҹһˣɵĿ࣬һզп
ǧ裬һʲôĸ
ȻĹҵʥӣ˾޸ҲĲ
ֵֵܣҲѭзݵĹأ³һЩˮ
ƬʮƫԶңȶ궼ûУǾ֮ءǻǾ·ǰһȶĿռ䣬̨ͨصԵļ硣ײԸϾ̫ãܣ⡣
Ҫ÷֡Ϸһ˵֪׵棬߰ǧ裬ǿ϶ᵱѣڵء
ãѾȲҪؼˣ
һһЦ˵Ҳ֣ԭڼҵʱÿͣʱ޿̲ڵˣŲʮʱ䣬ЩˣԳһЦһУ׼ٻ˳
ʱһսƾճ˵ǰ
ǣ
һŴ򿪣롣
¡¡
׼绯Ϊһ⣬ɿ쳯ϯȥڲһΧһ𣬻ЦѾԻϰƼȣʳֵ컯ɾͬһ̫̫ص壬ܿҪǰ̣вɵðζӡ
Ϊˣƽ￴ʮִׯƸԸµһֻɽһרһԿŻƵ˿񣬴ɶʮ㣬ůѩأһƬȡ
ֵ֣ܵĻϻӺܿʹˣһӣϲˮҲһһص˶Уܿ죬ƹѲ˹ζȴ˿ûɺ°һƷƣ׼ҹЪشϥ̸
ԭϷеΪˣһ㣬֫磬컨꣬˱˵еŮҲֺӮúȲʡ
׼˰µʱ䣬һƬȶ
ͣ
׻˻֣ҵĴ̨ѾʾˣƬͿԽд͡
ԣ˷׷ͳԵĴ̨һ̽
ϧûϤҪȻ˵ԳǼһܿͿԻصʼԴǡ
ƲƲ죬ڣֻǫ̂ഫͼˡ
̨ĴͷΧʮޡһشͻԣҪԽǿգͱȽˡ
һ˵㼣鲼壬ֻҪѰǼˡߣɴǫ̂ഫͼΡ
ǡ
һ׼ĲŴ򿪣һȺϯ
λֵܣڡ
ϷһһվׯƸߣŷ֡׵˻˻֣пһҪһɽ͡
ģǺܿͻġ
ûѾԼˣ𻢾ʱٽһξۻᡣ
붫ҹһЦ
ֵҹϥ̸˵Ļ˵ˣɷȥ˵Ļô塣
ãʱһΪ
ϷһȭͷһУǬٻһ̨ׯƸ˸Ϸ̤ϴ̨һ˻ָ
ˣԵټһ˫ˮӽף᲻öգһ۾
׻ָЦݲá
ܿ죬ڽػɽһϷһˣʧ˵ǰ
ʣµķ֡ҹˣзЩʧ䡣
߰ɣһʼԴǡһУٻһ̨ʼꡣ
֡ҹˣһʼԴǣԣʱûֱʱ
׵к£񽫳׼뻳У뼸ֵһ̤˴̨
һ̨ըһתƬ̺ǰһһƬǿ֮С
Ϊ̨Ĵ;ޣԣһζݵĴͣȻǿյıԵشԶѾؿвٵƯԶǿա
ߣǿˡȥӦǿմ
Ŀһɨܿһ򣬵кˣԶһӶȥ
סҹֽ
׻˵ɽȻȥߣǣҪ˳ִ򣬻ҪһʱķС
ڻص壬ռ컯ɾҪ򱶣һ֮ͷɳǧ֮⣬ҲʮѸݡ



1296 
֣򣿡
š
ͷһЦ꣬Ҹ״ͣһȺŨܺӵŮϷ˵Ҳûˡ֪һĹˣǷ񻹻ǵĹżҵ竡
ҡͷһЦɵüӿ˽ŲЩȲ
ʲôһ壿
һɵõɴ۾˳ŨܺҲͰˣŮҪһģ̿
ҹҲһЦ
ԭǳһڵĳǡҹݻĹңױʫ飬ڳһȻҲš
תͷѯҹ
ⳤǷǳϣһŲʼԴСٵ򣬿νޱߡǣϵԴȴ޼ǴıԵشԣǵ˿ʮϡ٣һ붼ǳһˡ
ҹʼᵽ׵˼ռ֪ʶ˵ⳤǰŻǣݲΪһҲûʲôرģ֮˼̣ΪڹżĶһʱ򣬷ֳһˣŮ٣Ũܵĺ룬ǳӤҲһŨܺӣʮֻЦ
׷˷ƤЦݹŹ֡
Ӥ룿֮治У
ಣಣ
˲У̤Ѹס
ҹ뼧Ľܣ׶ųҲԽҪϿźӵӤ
ôţ΢΢˫ȥֻޱߵ֮ϣһصĺŨû˶ڲ״С
ţ
Ũüͷ΢΢һһɹŹֵĸо
Ҫ֪ȻһΪ򣬵ʼԴǲ¡˹һ򣬾Ȼȫûˣֱǿ̷
Ѱۣ
£ʩչؼŲ̽ڲ
ϧƾ̽飬ȫһڣ׵ѰۣҲԲ졣
³ųйŹ֡
һ˼⡣
ʱ
ˣˡ
أһ춯صХƺӴһ˷ǿմ˿˻ǧСΪ֮
ţ
ãǿϮ
ʶ񣬵һʱѭǿգܿͷһųϯȥͬʱһ˸εѵĿֲ֮ϯ˷ڻ㱼׹ڤһʱͣ١
ţҿʲôף
ƺǰħ
֡붫ҹˣȫĿضԶǿеĺ⣬УӵѰۣһȥǧҲܹ˺֡붫ҹʩչˡۡͨȻľû׿ǣܿ߰˰ˡ
ڿеľ徰һɲǣ˾ȫˣһǱμӸ˶һԭء
֮󣬷ַŵһҸģҾȻ˾ħһͭײģ
ֵܽŲͣ٣һձʮء
ħǰħ壬Ϊλ
üͷһ֣ĪǰħıԵش֣򣿡
϶ǰħ塣
ջĿ⣬ͨͨͣΪжྪ壬ʵϣȫǱܷӦͺ˵ַ¯У᱾ܵػһڿͭײĵһ˲䣬ļµĸоǧѵиԼ࣬ײʩչѰ۲̽ͭײڲ
ģҲ֪ħʲôʱƿˣħȻҪһˣ
ҧгݣڰħν֮ǣһشϢǱҪʱ֪ͨ壬ǻĹ壬һҪ뽫ųۼİħһա
˷׷׵ͷһ־ϲ˷ܡ
ߣҪ֪ͨ壬Ǽֵ֣նɱⳤϵİħ塣
죬նɱ򰵺ħ壬飬һ壬ΪһеĴ
ԣһЦؽһˮ֣ҷȰ㻹ǱˡǾħÿһӵʥΪһͭײġ׵ͫ͵һƱһһּΪаĸоһħ棬һ۵ûУ
˵ţɥ̾Ϣһ
ԭΪ컯ɾ˳ԼԣǾΪʵɱ䣬Ժа˻ģ˼ɡ˭룬һͭײǰȻо˵Сһ˵ûУ



1297 ͭײ
˻
׻䣬񡢷붫ҹȫľͷ䡣
û뵽Ǿ·İħȻʥҲ֪ǺηʥȻ֮󣬻˴ųȻʥĴڳ䵱
ͷͨ¾ȻоЩѷ
˵һˣǧǶܹоһɳǵϢ׹ڤظ
ҹٴУɫϾҿԿ϶ͭײеʬ壬ǰǿž
֡׷׷׵ͷ
ϾУÿһʥ壬۾һĸܹ֡ʥūձϥس䵱·ĿԼͭײежô
ˣˡ
һ۷׷֮ʣԶǿĵĿֲһĻʧ˵ǰΪһ⣬޾Ũ֮С

סҹһˣھ׵ľʧǰһ̣ɵúشϢɤ۵ʯͷأ֪亹ʪ½
˵ͭײоʲôʬ壿˲оð
ҹֽԴҡһ˹ġ
ĿǰųǺпѾݣ˰ħƿء
׷ѹ֮ǰһֱ͸Ǳԭǰħµǧħ
񡢶ҹˣɵľ
ô죿
ֺݺݵһĭľܹıģҽ飬ǸϽصǣ̽ȥţ۰ħʲôϷֻҪЭһԽħϾɱ档
С
׼ҡͷڳǵһֻ֪ǵļ棬ڰħҲһ֪⣬óȻȥ߱º˻š
ԣ֡ҹɵ΢΢ͷ
ϴ㲻Ƿ˰ɣѵҪ볤һ̽
ÿŰ׳һס
֣Ҳ˵ˣⳤǼпѾħˣҪóȻڲв⡣ҹȽϽʮþȡ
ҡͷһЦģųǷǳ󣬱ʼԴҲضáǰħٶ࣬ҲʼԴϵʿࡣȻųǵعϡôֻҪСأͲ˷
֡ҹأЩŽɡ
ʵڲУһء
һֱӽ׹˳ʱһŨҵħ𣬵ħ˿ֵܼ˸С
׹
벽ı
ৣ֡񡢶ҹ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲еİ׹
׹ǸħƵɱ죬Ȱħ廹ħͷ϶˷ֵġԾԾԡ
ã
ȵͷӦ
֣ԼһΣֻΪڱ̽飬ɲ³ç¡ҹأЩġ
Цŵ˵ͷ

һӣ֡ҹˣƨƨߵظ׳ǧħֵĳǷӶȥ
֮ǰвͬǣ˸ԵϢƣø
һת۴ȥˡ
һˣ˳ǵϿգȥŨûħԨη
֣Ҫȥ𣿡
ֳ罣ܵǧħϯĿֲϢɵȽҪһԲ߰ɣһֲԤУ
һ˷ֵƨϣֲҺһ׹ħ
ţסҹˣҲ׷׳ħڲ
Ҳ֪˶ãסҹ֡ˣ׼һ򲻶ǰǰȻһ͸˺صħ
¡¡¡¡
˭룬ò״͸ǧħǰһĻΪ֮Ȼһȫһ˸ŵϺɫָȥޱߵƺȫָˣħƵһֻԽ롣
ʲôüͷһ塣
ûпӦǴ˵аħġշӡ󡯣ɰħһ߶ģ׾ٵطӡһ򣡡
һʱһϾ
һ߶Ĵ
Ǻãûʲôƽ֮
һѯʣһٻ˽ǹ׼ǿдء
ǿ϶ǲеģΨ龳ĸ֣лǿͻִ󡣲ǿͻƣҲһķɣͬʱҲᱩ¶Ŀ꣬ħ֡ҹڵһʱͷ׵ļƻڰշӡ󣬶ҹҲΪ˽⡣
ײɵÿЦһ



1298 ʬ
ѵûа취𣿡Ե÷ǳġ
취ҲûС
ҡͷһЦʵϣⰵշӡֻڰħ屾ûơҼǵڹżпһ飬˵һսʱ򣬾һħͷƾŰշӡܷһƬħѪϴǧ飬Ϊڤظ
ͷƤ顣
֪ϢѸټһʱоԮϧȴշӡ⡣Ψ龳ϵĸ֣ǿдأȴԼս˲ص
Һã󼸴֣뷢ƿ˴־ɳǣħɱöףĶӣ

׿Цã³һϧڳûһǰħ壬ȻĻֻҪ밵ħıУͿԳûˡ
ҹ֡ȫҡͷЦ
ȷ
׷²һħ壬ڰħıУһͲܵӰ죬Ҳܹڲ
ӣһε̣лҪֲ
ҧҧݣҪȻħҲᶯô˵еĵշӡ󣡡
ݼĻշӡɵ߶ģҲ˵ڲһħĵ⣬пŲپ֡
ϴ󣬿ҲˣΪӦ˰գ
Ŀ⿴ףò˵ǧħûУëȻĸо
һ׹˳ö׹ǰħı֪ƾö׹ڲ̺Ĵħܷɹɻأƭշӡ󣡡
һˣ׵ʱȫ߶׹һȫ¾ͱ֣а졣
ҹ֡˾һԣؿס
һһ
ףҺ˳ͨˣ
һţ׾ٵؾʹ˴ֵķڲ
ٺ٣˰׹ȫð䰵ħˡ
׶ڰ׹֣û뵽׹ڹؼʱ̣Ȼܹ˴ó
ಣ
£׽̤ӡһӣ´ӴڲӶһӣһεͽ֡ҹ˸˱ڲ
ţ׹ʼʩƾŰ׹˳˳ؽ˴ڲ˳ǵľ
ɹˣţ
Եʮ˷ܣһӣৣҹ֡˵Ӱƾճ׵ҡ
û뵽շӡܹƭǲаһ̾
׵һЦΪ⡣
һУ׹ڣͬʱȫϢ֡񡢶ҹˣͷ·ľ
Ȼʮֻ
Ŀһɨĵطݲɳ׷ɣԶͱڣԼΪļսµӣСĽм׷Բ﷽Բһɱĸо
ʱûаħˣʮְȫ
ʶɢϸ̽һתͷס
½
´һָ
ಣಣ
ʱһ˺һϢشӾ֮з˻Į֮ϡ
֣ⳤޱ޼ʣֲóȻʹǫ̂Ϊһ״͵˵ĸӶǣãĿĵز̽ȥҪպİһضǻĮһӰûУʱЩй
ҹһ죬ޱȾز̽ܡ
е罣һȲҪѪɱģ
ҪģһһصĲ̽
ʼһЦֻҪҵҴͨͣ׾Ϳ֪Ϸʲô
ԣʱ˼ص˵ͷٶ
ò˵һмУ˼ܣıԶǵˡ
ӡ
׽̤ӡż񡢷֡ҹˣҹĻеĹһϵش󣬾ܵѰҴĳˡ
ԸһûбϾɱĻǿɾûл˽ⳤǵľ״ˣֻýһһӡؽֿЦá
Хһ˺˿٣Ƿɡ
ҹͬһ׵ˣµķ֡һƬ֮ء
û֮ء
ΪȥȫǰɭɭĹͷѵɽʰǣνĿģ𺳡
ţǷʲôһ֮أ
ӹͷʳ̶жϣӦûõ¹ǡ
û뵽ħȻѪԲб
ס񡢷ֵˣ۷׷ס



1299 Įų
ħɥĲ񣬾Ȼɱ֮飬޿еĹǺ֮ڣ
ҽС
⼧ʱ׷游׼Ӣǣڳһӡǳ
񿴵غǣɵŭգ޲̽ħϾɱ
ӹͷʳ̶ʱӦ֮ڡ
׼һͷϸжϡ
𶯡
ҹͺһֹ˷ֵĶ֮ʬǣôйŹˡ
һɻؿҹ
ǿɽҰĹǺѻɽͷ֮ϲմȾѪˮĩⱾ͸ŹŹ֡ҹ΢΢˫ȵƬ֮һϰĹصҲˣĻ˵ѪѾʱȫˡƬ֮أǺѻɽƫƫͷֶʵġ˵ħɱ˷ʽڲͬпö
Ȼһ

һһεϯֱӽһɭɭ׹Ǹ֮Уʼȥز̽
ȻͷϼпմȾ˾綾׵ͷ֮䣬һξ룬һεľͷסԣжҲܲ
Ȼֺ֣ܶǲӴҲδزж
ӵŽ壬Ѫ繯Ѱľ綾
֣ʲô𣿡ҹס
һָʴԼǿ״綾ܹɿ츯ʴѪ⣬ãһغüͷһ֣ûпĻ״綾ǲ࣬Ԫĸ֣ǳɥȪ
˻
֡ҹˣƤֱæڿնصĹǺһξ롣ͬʱſһ֣Ķ
飡
͵ؽͷ飬΢΢𣬡ô˵ҵһغܿͻشˡ
ƶǶ
׵һЦҲˣƬ֮ĹǺʱ֮ڣڸһаħֻҪǼӿŲѭ˿ָܿͻͻơ
ֲɵéٿ
ȣ
ڸ߿УʩչѰۣ·ĵ棬ԼĪʱ䣬ʹһӣǸʵ㼣Ȼɳڸ˲٣ҵĻ۽𾦡
̫ˣһǾͿ˳ˡֽ˽е罣һЦ

״һӣһȵǰȥ
֡񡢶ҹ˽
ɳ죬һƬߣȥڻĮ֮Уһһɳ𣬴˷಻䣬׾ΪԼʧ˷Զͬһطת
ԼĪһʱһԽʮǷһĮųǡ
쿴ǰһĮųǣ
ʶڵһʱ侪
ৡ
ʱһ˷׷״һϢĿԶ
ǧ￪ĻĮ֮ϣһȫӴשݳɵĹϳǱεضΡΰռһֹ񹤵ĸо
ֵһǣųԵʮưܣǶϱڲԫԿڳǽϵĸַĹâʧȥԭеáһдš۪ǹűĸֵģȻѣ䣬ʾĮűѾʧˡ
۪ǹű
΢΢˫
ǿ쿴вٵʿűҹĿ񣬺ܿͷһ·ɣæͣӰ
˾ǣЩӰֽ϶һֽħסˣжʮֳٻ׾
ϸȥȻ׵ؿЩ˵ĳʮֹŹ֡
ÿһסֽŵˣͷɣŨܺ룬Щɫʰ쵣кģа׵ģʵġɫͣһ㡣
ЩӦþǼֿеĳһˡص³һӳ˵ǳһȥ峤ֻ࣬ĺ롣ңⳤһˣƺ뵱棬ͺķһҪװ
һˣԴԼĺ룬һ
͵ңںɫһҲŲĵĹ涨ͨ˵Եĺ룬ֻһɫδ޵ŮɫѾ꣬мҵŮˣϵɫңŮͨÿһͻԼĺ϶һɫ
СʱϰɫŮˡ˵Ů˵ԽѤöʣʾԼԽҸԽǲʢ
һһʮظ׵ռųһϰס
Щϡٹֵϰףס붫ҹȫզ࣬ͣظпĶĶԪ



1300 
ЩһˣֽŶħסˣľΪҲߣǱħ䵱ˣ
һǵؿԶϷɣ˿Ӱ
ĮųǵϿգżħİħնгһǧɳޣһ޾ͿͻȻݺݵسڿϣÿһζԳƤǶѡ
ӣ֮ǰǿİ׹ǣĮųԭеľڱħ嶾֮󣬽׹Ǹ鶪ˡ
ҹ޵ħ¾ųǵľ񣬻вȲɥ׵ľ䵱ħ𻵵ĳǽơ룬ЩһĿһĸо
֡
ҡͷԣͨ˵ħ򣬶Ƿɱӣ֮ƨˡȻʹĮųǣѵħ׼ڳǳפˣ
пܡ
׵˵ͷħ֮ѡƫԶһΪռĶáշӡǣԲǿϳƶԴҪ˲֪ڳǳפǵɰħһӪ
һˣ֡ҹˣȫɫ䣬һɫϾ
ʵ࣬˵һôһΣħмƻԤıҪгսˡ
֣ô죿
е罣ϵطһĽƺѾЩȲҪѪɱ¾ˡ
ǳէز죬ⳤֱħռˣԲ³ç⡣
üͷ壬һ뵽һƲߡ
ѪɫĮųеİħע⣬ϣܹ˻ᣬúò̽һ¶Էĵϸ֮㡣
˵ţһУѪɫٻ˳
ǧɵѪɫһ֣צ׼һɵûش
ȥ򣬾Ū󶯾ǧ𱻰ħסһ

Ѫɫʱڿն𣬾ԳӶȥ
ΧɳѪɫȻӴ󣬵УƣʱҲûбĮųзڵİħ֡
סҹ֡ˣһſɳĺ󷽣ضŻĮųǡ
һյĹѪɫͷɳһƬɽкֱײһ׸ߵľ޷ײϣɽѣҡػΡ
¡¡¡¡
סϷһˣҲܹܵһֲĲ
ã
죬쾯ݣ
ĮųϷڵİħ壬ڵһʱ侪
أء
̼䣬һ̶ľ쳹Įųǡ
ৡ
һʱ䣬ĮųоӿӰȥǧˡһɱ죬ɫ
ţ
ȻлȪʼħڵ
ʶһȥ̾Ϳ˹ųϿյħ֮УŲٴŻȪʼħר۵ʿ
ޣȪʼħھ˵ǰħеýţ밵ħ˵Ĺϵ֪ΪΣһֱûбڣϵطչ׳󣡡
ձײԭΣͷһҪϢڣ̾ͺ徫ӢѪϴȪʼħڡֱС
Ԫʥߣжʮⶼϵġͷħʥ쾳ĸ֣һǻȪʼħڵʥͬľ硣
ʩչѰۣɿڹųϿյӰһɨڹųеһжϡ
ʥô
ԣüͷһ壬ʱЩӿɾͼˡ׵ָ£ʩչͨܿҲ˻Ȫʼħڵʥһ۾ϳ˴˵ʵݡ
ǻȪʼħڳ϶Ħݿˡû뵽Ҳ˳ǣΪŰ밵ħΪ˻顣
޵ҧгݡ
϶Ħݿô
ҹȻ򣬡ѹֹųƵľ񶼱涾ˣԭ϶Ħݿ˵İϷ
ֻ֣Ҫһ£ɱųǣ϶Ħݿ˸ҡѵ
ҡҡͷǴ˷ǰѰ£Ҳնħ̽鰵ħĵϸԣĪĿ䣬ŹųϿյӰ԰꣬оϡ
ʱٶ졣
ųϿա
ڶݵ֮󣬰ħʥǧħˣƺƵسӿȥƸһƺƴ
쿴ħʥһѪɫķ׷ɱȥˣ
־ϲ



1301 ͷ
Ŷ
üͷһΪϲ̫ˣܹһʥôǹݻĮųǵĻҪϲ١һѪɫѪɫħԽԶԽá
һѪɫ׵ָ£һ߼غֱײһ߷ɿسԶ롣
֣Ѫɫܹйһʥ𣿡
Щǵʵ
һƣЦŰ˰֣ģѪɫȻҵľΪһģһֻԪľ硣ǣʵսȴһλʥȻ˵ǻص壬ӹдĴ編壬Ѿ޿ãɲʲôóˣħҪɱѪɫҲǳ롣
ԣ붫ҹɵһЦ
˵ûѪɫӵһ˵ѪͳǷ֮ѵаħʥҲܹ֮زز
οѪɫ˷ֻǵɽûбҪ밵ħݡ
һǾɱĮųǣħһ򾡣
ֳ罣һʱɱڡ
׳ֹһﲻ
ԼĪʱʱ䣬ħȻԶĮųϿյҲ½ص˹ų֮С
λ
ٿ˫Ź⣬΢΢һЦ׻˵һı֪ɱȪʼħڵʥǾΣ
ԣ֡ҹȫһȵؿס
Լļƻһһʮظ֪λֵܣзŹ⣬ϵصͷ΢Ц
ˣҽҵıУȥĮųթթĦݿˣ
ܷ
֡ҹӰһӣ׵ıС
ȣ
ͬʱȫ죬˵ò̼䷢˱仯׳ʵа졣
׼˰׹ʱһаħ׸У֣һŨҵѪ֮
ৣ
׽̤ӡƹһɿسŻĮųǵķӶȥ
֪ǻĮųеİħ壬ܷϳҵʵЦЦΪ˷ܡ
ܿ죬׵ӰɣưسŻĮųϯ
վס
ûȿĮųǣһƽըװıڵʿڿն𣬳׷Ӷߺˣ
նŰ׹Įбһħ廤۪ǹűеĦݿǰݼң
䣬ħ廤ɵȻһһʱ
ûϵһԪļһȻ֮һĿˣѻȪʼħڵʥ
ڶݵԥ֮Ŀ⣬ͷɿĵİ׹һɨΣæ񣬡СӰݼǰȥͨ˵ţعˡ
ʣħĻͻ֮ڿеİ׹ʱȻ֪ʲôӰ׹Ľ֮ýа벽Ԫħʿľ
һӵŽˣǸһǰħӸλ
ټ׾̸ֹУ˿ûнȪʼħڵʥĦݿ˷ħĻŲɡ
Ǻǣû뵽ô׾ɻˡ
˷ܵ촽ԭЩŶ׾ӵݼƽҲиɻ
֣û뵽ħ˶ûܷʵݡ
ʱ׵ԺУ˷־ȵ
׵һЦնһŽΰĻĮųǡ
һЩסֽŵĿ̧ͷһ۸߿еףֻæͷһ̲ͣæһɱ֮
Хɳ
ܿ죬Įųоͷɳ˼ʮӰͷһˣȻǻȪʼħڵ϶Ħݿˡ
СǰãĦݿʧԶӭˡˡ
ĦݿһףʱһЦ⣬һͺʽ顣
΢΢°ͣңҡһֱĦݿǰʮ־ǰصҪֽһװ˰֣ŪŰ׹Ȼ˵ǫѷȫ޲ɢʢ˵ơ
ãá
ĦݿЦĦݿܹõСѵʶҵңʲôֻҪϷ֪һ֪޲޲
׵ص˵ͷ
£Ħݿһ˵֮£ԳŻĮųǵڲӶȥ
ʦ𡣡
ʱĦݿһ췢꣬Щ޵ƲƲ죬ĦݿˣħļһʲôҴϢжϣҲǸԪʥ߰ˣȻһĿ˵ļƣʦ𶼲



1302 Ӥ
񡣡
Ħݿ˵кǳһԼͽܣǰħĹ򲻿ɵ񰵺ħ׼壬ǻȪʼħΪħһȻҪȫϡֻҪĦݿܹһսºպսȵħɹ壬ʱȻ֮ٻ󣬻Եˡ
һֻԪ磬ʲôֵðͽģ췢أЩΪȻ
޴
ĦݿԵʮַŭȻֻԪ磬ѵûзаһö벽İ׹ôһԪʥߣȻӵһ벽룬ӵͷԷͬСɣʮа˾Ǳͨ竵ӡ
һ٣Ħݿһʧ°ɣﲻҪ㡣
췢һ㶣ҧҧʮֲĵشͷ뿪
ȻĦݿǵԼͽһʱ嶯ðףҪǹĦݿ˿϶ҲѲ˸ϵ
Ҫ֪ħ棬ԴƶǽıǷëǣǴûʸռС
һԪСȻռһö벽İ׹ȻĦݿ˸档
ӡһΪ֮Ħݿ˶Դףдһ΢ʼգ̽׵ʵϸ
ױһȺħһӵ룬û˿ľҡڣ졣
ܿ죬Ħݿ˵Ĵ£۪ǹűеһ
ĦݿæԸȥϯ׼׽ӷϴ
ϯͲˣҪŮ㡣ϲ徻˷ǰҲһ˼Ҫ̡ԣһƣСˣĦǰӳıɡ
װ˰֣
ãáȻˣСѲҽűеһġ
Ħݿ˵Цӡ
׵ͷĦݿ˽һҡ
һɷǳңмɽȪ滨һС͵Դ⣬ֵһǣҵΧ˸ƣܹŷǳǿķ
Ħݿ˼ɽԵһʯǰʯѱһƣ
ˣСѣһ֪С䣬ߴͽ̡
Ħݿк£̽Եѯʡ
ԳƺΪħ
׵һЦ
ãáħСѡĦݿһȻ׵ʮİܿһЦ
ȻĦݿ˶ڰħܣҲһ֪⣬ĴĦݿ˶δţ׵İţȻҲûʲôɡ
֪СѴ˷ǰΪ£ֻҪܹģһƴǡĦݿ˸¸¸¹Цֹ
ԹԵһƣŻش
ǰ
һ׾˱аٻı֣Ҫ붾ԽǿԽá
û⡣ҽ붾㡣
ٻӦʮʹ죬׵ָ£һα붾Ԫ׵֮С
õ붾׵ʱһƣһڽһδ졣
Ħݿ˻æƺơ
ǰһΣǰ𵹾ơ
һѴĦݿжƺȸԼһƣһڵһ붾ָ֪ص˾ƺУµظĦݿһơ
ĦݿܳЦϡ
׾Ʊ΢ʾ⣬һ
Ħݿ˵ԥһ˸׳졣
ơզпһ䡣
һȪʼħڵĶطƵļߢ˳Ӥ㣬٣פഺǳáĦݿ˵ħСҪϲ˸Сһ̳
Щθеľˮ³
ˮУȻں˳Ӥ
ȪʼħδҲ̫аˣΪƣȻϧɱӤӤӶᣬС׺޵ʣĦݿ˺ȵһƣ϶ҲںһӤ
׺޲ֱֱӽĦݿնɱĳ嶯
컯ɾ˺ѿռ䣬ռнɱˣװ
Ħݿ˶ƺظһƣһβŴ׵⡣
ɤӣһûٶƱһ֣صؿĦݿˣǰ˵һ־綾Ҫ뱾УӶɱʱɱǲҪ죬ԣǰֽֽ̡
Ħݿһʱͷ˵˵Ħݿ˺ų϶˵ֻҪСѽƵĶóƣһԸ飬ԡ
Ħݿһг񣬱Ĳ˵ƶĦݿ˻ǷǳлȨġ



1303 

ԲЦЦؿĦݿˣҲѾ㿴ôѵûио
䣬Ħݿ˲ɵɫ䣬۾ԼľƱֿһ۾ƺɫͻȻղŸ¶ˣ
׵һЦƽǰĪҪ֣Ҳ޼Ӻ֮⣬ֻҪ̽һǰǳеǰдҪҼƽϡ
޷޷ԣĦݿ˵ȻһЦΪȻذ˰֣ö֮ˣԶǳ֮£ò˵С¶Ĺ֪Գ϶ļһЩĪ
˵ţĦݿ˵ʱһȫ̽ıʣҪƳڵ붾
µĦݿȻûвµ׵Ĵ⣬ֻǵΪ̽ǳ
ĦݿûڶʱнⶾôԼöϵ裬ȻҲŷд̵ֽ飬͸ֵһˡ
ԣĦݿ˵ȫעؿʼⶾ
ȻˣΪ˱ַָ緶Ħݿ˱Ȼһ絭ģ˵Ц
ţ
ô£ҾȻȫܲ
ܿ죬Ħݿ˾ԱֵˡΪҲڵĶԼҲûʲôжĺۼ
ܣ»û˭ĶܹңɫζεĶҲ⣡
Ħݿ˼׷ɣԵЩҡ
ѵħСʼոû¶ֻǹŻ̽ҵǳһˣĦݿ˵ʱд󶨣һζƱһʹ³һЦСѣû¶Բԣ
üͷһ˻
ΪҸûжĦݿ˸Цһַ緶
һ̣һѪʹĦݿ˵ĿͬʱĦݿ˵澭ʼɿĦݿ˿ظܵԼڷɿš
ʲʲôжˣ
Ħݿһ𾪣ôܣ
ò˵Ħݿ˷ǳԽܡ
ôҲûϵһԪСȻöϣԶԼڲ֪˶Ħݿ˻Է
ǰҪҰæ𣿡
һƣЦЦ
޷޷ͽⶾûĦݿ˶ˣҲûнⲻ˵ĶĦݿһɫأǿϥʼȫƶ
ϧƾĦݿ˱ƶڵ澭ʼɿã˸ۿӵٶ˥ȥ
Ҫӻ
ңʲôƨ϶ڰٻǰı붾ǰΨ·һ
ܱ龳İٻǰֱһЦ
׵ıУ֡ҹˣɵЦ
ʮʱ䣬Ħݿ˾ͷбƶתһӣͳһѵƿƿ޹ޡæҵζҩȥܿͱķ֣ԼĽҩ׵붾ǰ޼¡
ʱĦݿ˰צģĸо
ЦЦĦݿһҧ޿κ֮£ֱӽһƿƿ޹Ĺҩһ顣
νҩֶЩҩеıҲǶҩĦݿһ븹У̾Ħݿʹȫɫ׹˴ȾףƤϸðһŧɿãƺҪ˶ãĦݿ˾ͽ׻Ϊһ̲ŧˮ
ĦݿģյŶȣʼնЦЦɫ䡣
ڡ
ͨһĦݿҲûа취ʹع׵ǰߵŰݣħСͨϷ硣СѿϷΪȪʼħЧҶķϣϷһ·
顭
Ħݿƴعڵأͷֹ
Գ϶Ħݿˣһ̣ױˡûϵϾȻпԶʥľ綾ң綾ǧ϶ﶼ޲ߡ
һ̣ױˣ̾磬ֻܹһ·ߵŰݣ׵ţ
Ҫҩô
һƣվҲǲСǣҵĽҩǲ֮أʦʶһʶӣĻһ̸
ԣĦݿ˲ɵһ¡
ҪҩͱʦңҪʶһʶӣ
Ħݿ˸ҧһʱ˼ҡ
ʵĦݿʦҲǲСʵϣĦݿ˵ĿУ󣬱ܹһߣĦݿ˵Ҳʲô¡
ǡ
ĦݿĸԸؽʶһʶӣеǿˡ
ϾһĦݿ˵ȫƿءֻҪԸ⣬һ֮䣬ͿԱĦݿ˵ʬʹһغ
ӽĦݿ˽Ϊ׵ūָɱ칷



1304 ū
Ħݿʥ˵ܹܵ顣
ϾΪһʥҲ⣬۾һĴΪ׵һ߹һūʵ̫ˣЩʥ׵顣
ǡ
Ħݿ˲׵飬ô͵òҩ
һö˵ɻľԼԳľ綾˸ƽˣƳ˽ҩ
ԣĦݿ˲ԸΪ׵ū;Բõҩ
Сӣ˷ǰҪ̵ֽİգ
ĦݿһԹؿףҪҵһʯһٳ
Թһ̹ȻԾһЦЦĿĦݿˡ
ò˵ĦݿǷǳΪ֮ʣ֪ԼΪζڹΪħˡ
¸¸£Сӡҵģû·
أĦݿ˴ӵϴȫõģͺһʬ⣬ͷɣɫǧ򲻸ãҴһңڣҾɱ㣬Ҳ֪
ҵҪҽİ׹ʱ㻹ԸԸ⽻ҩ
ĦݿҽУȻ׼׳˺Ƥˡ
¡¡¡¡
ʱһɹīɫĶĦݿ˵ϯĦݿ˺Ʋӥһ׷˶

һ̤ӡһΣʧԭأͬʱֵ׷ɣҡն
ͣͣͣͣͣ
ʱһİɫâ̺ŰѪԳĦݿȥ
Ħݿ˲ִ֮£âһֱ۱նϣ۵໲Һ
СӣҪɱ㣡
Ħݿ״񣬼һɽɱ
ˡ
һͻХ׵ڴͬʱ˵̬ɿñ䣬һƬƬϽɫۣۿӵٶȫȫֻ֣¶һ˫а۾
⣬ڹؽڵĲλһĵ̣ɢ˸˸⡣
ʲôȻܹ
ĦݿΪ֮һһ˼ؿףһ̣һ̲ͣسɱĦݿڵ붾Դ󷢣Ħݿǲܹսپô֮ݡ
ħƽצ
׽׹Уһͽħƽצٻ˳
䡭
ħƽצһΣɢһƣӲĦݿ˸Ʒ˳ȥ
ʲôһ벽
ĦݿĿ࣬ħƽצɢĿֲƣҲԱƽ
ûϵ˲ƴ֣Ȼ֮ı
ڣұҪΪİೢҵ
׽̤鸽壬ҲƵسĦݿɱȥͬʱ޾Ľɫң¡¡죬Ϊ֮𵴡
顭
̼䣬Ħݿ˽ϰٴΣĦɿ˳ױǣԼĹ׵ϣļ
ΪʥĦݿ˱ٱ
ţĦݿŵһĻˡ׵ħƽצ֮׾ٵ˺Ħݿ˵ƤǣצһӣһѪ˺ѿѪ׷ɡ
ͲóսĦݿˣж֮ԽԽ¶ƣ̬ھ㵵ķԼȻһʥߵĶʱң
ȣ
ֻһȣһһצ˺Ħݿ˵ţץסĦݿ˵࣬һƬ
һĦݿ˵һõͷ­ڵأ໲ҺƱɱҰһ
һЦһŲ̤Ħݿ˵Դϣڣı뷨ôǻԸӦңҾֻˡ
ҡҴӦ㣬ھʹӦ㣡
Ħݿ˻æ
û취ʥȻݼֵ̤һᡣ
Ӧʲô
ЦЦ
ӦΪͽܣӽ̷ҡĦݿ
ޣ
һĭĦݿ˵ԴϣһħҲΪҵͽܣһЦ
ĦݿһЩ׵Ļ
ʲôħ
ѵײħôôҲԼ
Ħݿ˵Դ׸ڽ£һɰԪ̩ɽѹһѹֻĦݿ˾ͽͷǱѣһغ
ҡԸΪūţδ
Ħݿ֧Ƭ̣ʹ໴ޡ
ãҾʶһʶӣ㲻Ҫ
ЦһͽһöʶӸٻ˳
৵һʶӳĦݿ˵ͷ­ȥĦݿ˲ƾ׵ʶʶ֮УϤ
ڣⶾ
֣ɵϲЦտ



1305 ˿
һֱͨ磬ٻڵıָٻ˳
ﭡ
ȭͷСıָһ֣һɺ޼ʵĿֲƣ;ϯ糱ѹĦݿԺ
ʲôƣȻ龳ֵƣ
ʣһͷ­ĦݿˣһʱĿ࣬Լ۾
ǰ
΢΢ǷЦźһ䡣
ৡ
ٻ͵شӱڲϯվһɽˮ߳ӣȻǰٻ״̬µģ
ĦݿϢһϣҶ࿴һۡ
ǺǣСҲԳ϶˷Ц
ٻ븦һΣһһĦݿ˵ͷ­ҡͷԣҰٻı붾һСܹƽģ˵ܹ֧ôʱûɥҲеǳĵˡ
ٻʮ㣬Ͷ䣬ûнʥĦݿ˷һһСĳƺ
Ħݿ˶ʱƽһĸо
ûϵһıУȻһλ龳ľ֡
Ȼ˵̬жϣٻƺֻһ飬壬龳ֵϢȴݲ١
ٻ룿
Ħݿһɵüͷһ塣
ȻڰٻţĦݿʮİ˵ǵһ˵
ǰūⶾ
΢΢һЦ
ٻĮбһĦݿˣӿ³һī˿ңΪͷضĦݿˡ
ҵ˽̥㲻һңӽ󣬰ٶ֣ѰĶ˲㡣ٻһΣ˱֮У׵ıУʧ١
Ħݿ˫һæſһٻĳ˿Ҹ̻С
ԭе붾һλ龳ܵı붾ѹȫûз֮
Ħݿһ߾׽˿ңһ߰˼š
ΪȪʼħڵĵһö֣һԪСУĦݿǶȻ޷ܵġ´ӽ󽫻ħöһǧɣҲȡý
֪Լǰһλͨ龳ܵУĦݿ˾͸оöˡ
𶯣ҸһЩ
ָצ͵ش߶ԪʱһԪϯҲƵӿĦݿ˵ͷ­֮С

һϢĦݿˣõ׵ʱʼȫ߶Ԫ޸Լ
ܿ죬Ħݿոµۿӵٶȣɿ
ԼĪʱʱ䣬ǻָΡ
Ϊ̳˰ٻһ˿ҵԵʣĦݿԵþʮ㣬һ뵽ӽԼٶ֣̲סҪ
Ħݿˣ¡
׶ʯϣбһĦݿˣ
ĦݿƤһ̾һһɥعڵء
˵˵һΰħ壬ʲôļƻⳤô¡

ԣĦݿ˲ɵȻһһؿףħСѡ𾴵ˡ㲻ǰħôΪʲô飿
µĦݿȻûп׵ʵݣ׵ѯʣʱоɶͷԡ
ǺǣȻʲôƨħˡ
һֱӽڵĳħڣţһɺ̺ѪϯͳԡΨҶƣ˵ʼԴǽ𽣶Ž壡
˻
䣬Ħݿ˲ɵƤһ˼ؿףöûܷӦ
㡭ǻĹʮеһŽ壿
㲻ǽ컯ɾôʲôʱΪʥߣ
Ħݿ˶ŽţȻİһ˵׾Ǵ˵Ž壬˼άʱΪ֮ҡ
ǳˣ
϶Ҳн죡
ʱ񡢷֡ҹˣ½׵ıзӶһЦЦؿĦݿˣͺһɥȮһ
Ǻηʥ
Ħݿ˸оЩãȻ޴롣
˱ҵķ֡һе罣ɭĽâЩĦݿ˵ͷ­ŵĦݿߵġ
˻Ĺżҵļ񡣡
ȻһЦһŲĦݿ˵ļϣֻһĹĦݿ˺òٴζ˼ͷ
ʲôĹżҵļ񣿴˵ʮĹеɲ壿
Ħݿٶ𾪡
Ҷҹвա϶ˣݻĹŶټҵʥӡ
ҹƽһЦ
Ħݿ˳ױˣһһ̱ڵأҡ
ϱӾʲôŻСڵ
ԭΪԼݷһħ콾£ûиͽܣһūֻҪľվҲгͷ֮ա
ûϵ׸ʲôħ壬Ž壡ԸǿͶƣ
һĦݿ˵ĴͷǳΣˣ



1306 ħĿ
׻˵а
ΪȪʼħڵʥ֣ĦݿûĹż塢𽣶죬Ѫ
Ϊ׵ĽĦݿܹҪллˡ
ӣýֺͷ룬֪ûʲôùӳԡ
㣬ǡδ밵շӡģ
ãҵĦݿˣ³һ仰
һ˦ĦݿƤӺףĦݿˣ㻹ΪԼǸ߸ϵʥ𣿡
ڣ㲻ҵһһūֻҪԸ⣬ʱһغ
׷һۣ㻰Ϊūֻ֪ͣ޲޲ҵ飬ֲһ졣
Ħݿսսشͷ
֡ҹˣһԣɵӶЦ
ò˵׳ȪʼħڵʥǴġ
֪ħ˷壬ҪĿģռڵ档
ΪѰҹ˵ĴСƺ켫ѹĹͷ­йء
ĦݿС˵
ʲôħĿģΪѰҹ˵ĴУ
û뵽İħ壬֪켫ѹŹ˵ͷ­ҪռΪУ
붫ҹɵȻһ
켫֮Уһ߻ɾĵʬػУ֮ǰഫ֣֡
һƴȫŽ켫Ľ޸һν˵ͷ­ӡ˵󣬽ƾͻԶ飬ʱ򣬹˵ͷ­ٴγʱ򣬿϶ӿӢۺܣظ֣Ⱥᡣ
û뵽Ȼİħ壬ҲС
һпӣԽԽϾˣ
ȻһЦޣħ岻°ܽƾҲͼ˵ľѪֱǳ˵Σ
˵֮ЩһҲɳˡʱ¹˭ֻһ
˫ֱأڰħ֮Աǡ
ⳤô£
üͷһѯʡ
Ħݿ˷ߵףųǣıԵشֹޱߣ㰵ħҪ󣬱ѡ˰ħĴӪԣǰħͼһȺһҹ֮䣬ʩչշӡ󣬽Ǹӡˡ
ڽʱ䣬ħɨųǣԳϵԭסзɱħҪϣ˵ϵѷ첢ȶԣЩ͵ɹħ壬ܹ࣬ҲֻһˣһʱҲѽϵɱ⡣
˻
δ䣬֡ҹˣȫһ
ûϵϵİħ壬Ȼ֮ڡ
ȻˣƵİħȻֲǣǲ׺һ
Ҫƾħ壬壬ռ棬ڳ롣
ǡ
򰵺ħ壬ڳ񣬾꣬ȵ˵ͷ­ƽƵʱȻƱؽΪɾѪһǿ
ʱ򣬶вͷǳˡ
Ħݿˣܷ񽫰ħܣгһԽ꾡ԽáһϾ
ν֪֪˰սʤ״˷ܹĵϸպǰΧˣ׶ˡ
ԣĦݿһɬҡԴˣҿɾͰﲻˡȻǻȪʼħڵʥڰħУһʹ߹ѣӴħĺܡ
ĦݿˣˣŲһֿ̽ĥƽһĦݿԴ졣
Ĳ֪а٣ԸĦݿŵȫ̱
һĦݿʶеʶӣ΢΢˵ͷ
ӣĦݿĲ֪ħľʵֻǵ֪֮ࡣ
ϴһûʲôüֵˣе⽴
Ħȭƣ׼Ħݿˡ
ĦݿŵҽУġ
װ˰֣һƣĦݿȻ񼫣ѾΪҵūͲҪ׷ˡңһʥߣҲһݱϡ˵ˣ񰵺ħ壬ĦݿΪȪʼħڵĳϣѹեļֵ
һ׵ĻĦݿ˶ʱһ
һʧػ˻䣬һĭĦݿ˵ϣΪŰĹһ
Ħݿʹعߵס
ˣ㡣۪ǹűôһ£ʵ
۪ǹű밵ħʥҮĦ˹ݵģ׼űΪһפ㡣
Ħݿ



1307 ҮĦ
׵˵ͷ
Ϊ֮ǰ۪ǹűеԼǧˣУǻȪʼħڵԣҲûٴѯʾϢ
ĦݿˣһĻᡣ
üͷһ
Ħݿ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿףֻҪܹϴˢϵɽ»𺣣Ҷûаɡ
ĦݿһԴǡ
òԶķ֮Աǡ
ãֻҪһݾģȫԸһŵ󣬻֮
΢΢һЦ
䣬Ħݿ˵ʱһɡ
ûϵ׾ȻһػɵĻᡣ
ʱĦݿߵףǷźݻǱġ
ȻײûѪģֻǿͷŵҲѾһƬڰĦݿϲˡ
һĻ붫ҹֵУɵðզࡣ
ò˵˷棬Ҫöࡣ
һǳõĻ
һƣ׼ɱħʥҮĦҪϣʱһӦϣһ˳ɱ
Ħݿ˲ɵȻһƤ
û뵽һҪɱҽĿֱָʥҮĦ
ˣҮĦʵʮǿҸĶ֡飬ǳɹˣȻԴϲʧˣ˼УĦݿ
ٷϻ
Щͷذ˰֣һʥˣֲ龳ĸ֡˵ˣǲ𾳽Ҳʶϴһɱһ龳ĸ֣ҮĦϡ
˻
䣬Ħݿ˲ɵһ
ʲô
һɱһ龳ĸ֣
ĦݿҡͷԣֻΪڴꡣ
׵һЦҲ͡
߰ɣȳȥ׼׼Ҫ˶ãҮĦҪˡ׿
ٺ٣һкϷˡҹ΢ơ
ЩȲҪնħˡ
ֳ罣ѵ촽
Ħݿ˴ӵһ΢һף첽߳ҡ
ڲ
ħСϷ۽磬Ҫ˶ãͿʤˣ
ĦݿЦ״˳
ϡ
һ̤ңͿ췢һڻֳַɱڵΧ
ɫһ䣬Ԫ糱ʱ׼ս
ʦ𡣡췢һĦݿˣæǰʵҿΧĴ𶯣ϵкΪʲôءֻϧػֻʯ˲ܹ룬ԣȻھ٣Ҳֻܴ⣬ʦʲô⡣
ź췢꣬Ħݿ촽˼£һʱ侹Щӯĸо
˵ҵ̶һʱĦݿ˵Ѿ˾ʡĵӵ֪ԼʦΪ׵ū֪θ롣
ֱǺ֣
Ħݿ񣬵ʱħСѣҵĹнд跨ʲô⣿
˵ˣʦʥĸ֣ȫԱ֮ҪһСػ
Ħݿ˹ģź췢һǳ⣬ڤ˸ϽħСѵǸ
Уһֲݷ˵
ʵϣȴԼͽܴŭףӶɱ֮
ĦݿάԼͽء
ңҡڤĺ췢΢΢һʱЩޡ
ʦΥ췢ȻһٸԸҲòݲǰ̲س׹˹֣ǸҲ֪أð˹
׵һЦΪ⣬ɢ̽ڤĵϸ
ܵ׵ʶԼ޼ɵɨӣڤͷЩƲסǰȥսһš
Ǹ֮ģѹĦݿ龫ǵά㡣
ζ̾һ䡣
ڤԪľΪǣԪͬʿУǳڡ
Ħݿ˾ϸѡ״ӡ
ޣʲô⣡
ڤһһߵתȥ
ڤٶĦݿ˵УŵͷƤͷð
Һãпһףƺûз쭵ƣ֪ûڤǲԸڤһƽϡ
ĦݿˣҷԸ
Ħݿʹһɫ

Ħݿ˻⣬ħĵӣȫ۪ǹűǴһҪ
ڻȪʼħڵȫϡ
Ħݿһ£ʱлҴȥת
һȪʼħڵˢˢӿ֮С
ڰħȴ˿˿ûнĦݿ˵һ¡һ˶ûǰפ



1308 
ţ
Ħݿһɨֹűеİħ˿ûнԼһ£ʱΪŭħĺڼΪλǼϣըף̺ŭ⡣
ʦǰħĺڼͳ죬ת㣬˵˵ûȨڼ´
˵˵ǻȪʼħڲǰħһϽֵһᡣǺڼֻҮĦָӣ
ڤŻŵزһΡ
ʲô
ĦݿһһӸ÷飬һȺ߹ȻҲҲҵһʱ䣬Ħݿֱ£ȪʼħڵĵھͽڼȫץҵҪ˭ĿˣǻȪʼħڣ
䣬һƬš
Ȫʼħڵһڵӣһɫɬ
ʦ𡣡
ڤһȰ˵˼СǻȪʼħڣ˵ףϾǰħһ밵ħĺڼԣԿֻǡ
ôҲ׼ҵ𣿡
ĦݿɤĿ絶ɨڳһӡ
ĦݿĿɨĵӣȫսսصͷ
ڤЩ˵Ҷס
Ħݿ³һЩ飬Ҳòôϣǿ˵ܹõģֱЧķǿԼȭͷͺһһӣ˵۪ǹűеİħȫã

ڤȰ˵Ӧ
£ǧȪʼħڵĵӣӿÿһӵУԪķɱڶȥ
űУգۼͱÿտյ
ˡ
ĦݿΣתͷһɬؿס
׵һЦ͵ص˵ͷĲ
õ׵Ŀ϶Ħݿ˵һЩο
һյĹ򣬰˰ٶڼͱ廨󣬴С
ڼеһͷĸͳ죬һĦݿˣƿڴ϶ȻҶǺڼֱ֣ǻòͷˣȴͳҮĦ󣬶ҪʬΣң
ڣҪǽǸˣܹ󷢴ȱ顣ȻĻϵûһܹȵ㡣
ͳǸ䰺صĴ󺺣ۣ棬ݡ
ȻֻԪ߰ľ磬ֱʥĦݿˣûһ˿һĵη塣
סڣ
Ħݿһ˦ֱӽڼĸͳ˳ȥһصص׿⡣
ǺǣһССĺڼͳ죬ȻҲҸҽǷˣ˵һȺϺзҮĦһһ¡
Ħݿ̬ʮǿӲˣЩĿ𳤵ļһͶУ䡣
ǣ
ڤӦ
˵ΪȪʼħڵĵӣ밵ħڼ֮нˡԭǳ򵥣ڰħĺڼһ߸Ŀ˵ļƣȪʼħڵĵӷʱҲͰˣҪԻȪʼħڵĵȭߡ
ĦݿֶΣȻ˵Щ֪أƺĿǰ˵Ƿǳĵġ

СҸͷ
ܿ죬Ȫʼħڵĵӣһ飬Ѻһڼȥ
۪ǹűһС类Σ沼޵ֽħһ𣬾ʥѺУӳ졣
ܿ죬ħĺڼͱȫѺ
Ħݿⲽ½Ȫʼħڵ˼֮飬һҮĦˣȻһκǶ׼͸¶ûУ
˵ţһʥĿֲƣ̩ɽѹһͷѹȶ¡
ʱеǧˣˢˢعڵأӦ
£
Ħݿ˻˻֡
Ȫʼħڵȥ
УֻʣĦݿˡ
ˡ
Ħݿ˹񣬡ѾķԸһڽħĺڼȫѺˡϣܹŵԣҪɱǻȪʼħڵĵӡ
Ħݿ˵У¶һĨϣ֮ɫ
Ž˵һĭһʲôʱ򷴻ڹ
׵һЦ
Ħݿͷǡ
ڣ͵ҮĦͶˡױ˫֣ĿͶԶĸ߿ա
ʱ
ৡ
һȺӰƻȳһƺƵ۪ǹű֮УͷҮĦһŭ壬ǵس
Ү֡
Ħݿ˿첽ӭӣ϶Цݣô
û뵽ŻߵĳϣȻһ˵еѪɫ
ҮĦһϣ޺޵ҧϧѪɫʮֽƻ׷˴죬ǱˣҮĦԵʮɥһǰܲǲѪɫ
ʲôһѪɫ
Ħݿ˵ʱһ



1309 
Ħݿһš
Ѫɫǿһ˵Ĵڡ״̬µѪɫǱ˪ּĴڣ֡
϶ԣħзǳİħҲҪһء
֣ͨ˵ǷǳϡĴڡ
ݹǧǧ磬Ҳǳϡ١
˭룬һŻƫƧĳϣȻһѪɫ
ǺǣһŽѪɫһǴһϧѪɫ̫ڽƻûдɱ֣Բűˡ
ųǶշӡ󡯸ˡѪɫζѲǣ綼ǰħС
ҮĦЦĵһаȻĸо
Ŷˡ
ٿأĦݿʲôҮĦڲһȥ㲻ڵʱ䣬һհ׹һǰħ֮ӣȥ档
ʲôհ׹֮ӣ
ԣҮĦɵȻһɫʮϾ֪׹ǰ벽ܹ׹ռΪеǰħеĴ
ҮĦ׷Ħ֣֪˷ǰΪ𣿡
Ħݿʼ򣬵һЦҲûʲô飬ֻҺų϶д轻ˡ
ҮĦ΢΢ͷȲسȥ
ĦݿʯҵĴţҮĦңһңͿһͦεˣڼɽԵʯǰãȻԵá
ħСѡ
ĦݿЦ¡ؽܣλǰħڼĴͳҮĦʥ֣
ײûҮĦ˵ͷǴкˡ
ҮĦʱϢһϣЩƲסҪ쭡
壬ǰħ壬ʵΪ𣬴׵ϢжϣҲǸԪʥߡ
񣬼ʥҮĦ򣬾ȻӭûУǺôͷ
תһ룬׿ӵŰ׹֮ӣȻԲһССʥܹԵģҲ͵һЦΪ⡣
Ү֣λħСѡĦݿЦŸҮĦ
ҮĦ׵Ķ棬üͷ΢ԥƬ̣ǸħСѡҺû˵ţҹªˣСʾ
ܵҮĦеһ˿ɣ׵һЦҮĦһƣԼоٱ³չǱޣ£㲻֪ҵţҲʵ
ҿԸǣа۽յĵˡһ֮ˡ
˻
䣬ҮĦɵȻһһĿؿס
а۽գ
ǿǰħкպĴڣǲ𾳽ĸֻ֣ϧһսв䡣
ö׹а۽յıƶɵı
û뵽׾Ȼа۽յĵˡ
ʧʧ
ҮĦڶݵľ֮æضƱЦû뵽ħСѣȻа۽ǰĵˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ˵ţһоˮ˸⡣
һԵĦݿ˲ϵس׼üŪۣ¶š
ʲôа۽յĵˣ
Ҫ֪а۽û˵а۽ʲôã״ӡ
ͻȻðһˣ˸档
Ħݿ˾ȵǣҮĦȻûʲôɣ׵Ļ
˵Ҳʵ
ƭһʵʵټ١
׻ƿڰҴԼа۽յĵˣҮĦ϶š
һö׹ɲҮĦˡ
˵ˣа۽꣬ܶ鶼Ϊ֪˵а۽дֻûͷ¶ˡ
ҮĦΪڼĴͳ죬ǸʥˣҲǶˡ
ܿ죬ҮĦͽյȵʮֳ죬ټĦݿʱʱȰƣˣܿһƾͺ˸׳졣
⻹һǧ𣬽óħСѷ
ҮĦֻΪԼʶ˹ˣҪ£ϵ˭룬ûҮĦͳһĴ̹ǵĽʹӿͷͬʱȫѪǣɿãš
ãжˣ
ҮĦҺһһѽеľƺˤ飬ݺݵضĦݿףˣȻҴͨ¶
ҮĦ񶾵ĦݿһЦ
վҡͷԣ¶ôˣʵ㣬һҪȡͷ
ৡ
أҹ֡ˣԴ׵ıϯһֳַҮĦɱ
ɱ
ڼͳ죡
壬ǳıӵˣ
˸һ֣ͺɱǵǰͷ



1310 ͨ
֡ҹ˵ĳ֣ҮĦȻһɵʧǡ壿
ܵҮĦеľ壬׵һЦڲ֪Ѿˣ
˵ţһֱӽħƽצٻ˳ɿؼսȦ
顭
ʱֵ֣ȫ˶ҮĦѹŴսһͱһߵ̬ơ
ˣһ֮Ħݿ˵ͺһҲսȦ
ĦݿˣĹȻ壬ͼѡǰħԲŹģ
ҮĦ״쳤Х
ʤΪΪܣ߲ˡĦݿɫƽ
ն
ֳ罣ķ֣ʱһɫĽâƳգҮĦ򵱳һӡ
ն
򡭡
ҹ뼧ҲʾĵȼԪ޾ĹƣҮĦк
ټϻû״̬µף̤ӡϵҮĦԾѹƵ״̬ȻʥҮĦȫûл֮
ܿ죬ҮĦ͵³һѪ̱ڵء
콫ħͨƸ
ĦݿһסҮĦĲӣʡ
϶ҾҲͽóѣҮĦУرһĨɱ
ͣ
ȻûҮĦԱ׵ֵ͸ɴпԴ
ҮĦƺһһغ
ղźա
Ħݿŵһ亹æתͷҾл˾֮ΪҮĦһԱɹڳ˶֮ݣǾǳĦݿˣʮа˾Žһغ
ҿ׷Ӧݡ
Сһ׮
׵һЦҡҡͷղ˵ͨƣʲô⣿
Ħݿ͵ħܲ˳ǵ߲ʹűУڲڻ˰ħľ󲿷ǣǻȪʼħڵ޷Ҫͨƣܹ߲ʹűڵ߲Ͽȡ
Ŷ
üͷһ˵ͷ
ңͨƣҮĦ϶ЯšĦݿһٷңܿʹһǬͳһƴСƣƾӨ͸ڲǶһħӰƺʱзɳһ
̫ˣͨƣǾͿԽ߲Ͽȣһ̽ˡĦݿԵʮ˷ܣæͨƵݵ׵С
ͨƣЦݲá

ţһӣһεֱӽҮĦʬ˱Уº
Σһʥʬ壬һأ˷ѡ
ߣȥ
״һӣ˳ȥ
δսеľ󲿷Ѿ٣ԺҲûʲôˡ
ڲ
ˡ
Ħݿ˴һ
ৡ
췢ڤһΣƾճĦݿ˵ǰʦôˣҮĦǰ̸𣿡ڤһŵѯʡ
ĦݿҡҡͷҮĦִⲻԭңǵҪնɱҪµ˸һ򾡡֮£ֻýɱˣ
䣬ڤϥһЩ̱ڵء
ʦ㡭˵ģ㽫ڼĴͳҮĦɱˣ
ڤã˵һ仰
ĦݿһƣǺǣɱ˱ɱˣûʲôˡ㴫Һ۪ǹűڵİħ壬ȫץ⣬лȪʼħڵĵӣϣҪ
ڤʶ̬ԣæ
һյĹǧȪʼħڵĵӣһμڲһЩҮĦص۪ǹűİٸħˣ廨ýħסֽţһʧ룬Ħݿƿڴ
ţѾҮĦɱˣ
Ħݿ˱˫֣ըף쳹ûȪʼħڵĵĸҲöûƽ
Ħݿˣ㵨죬ȻǴͳ춼ɱˣǻȪʼħҲˣǰħ岻ŹЩ߹ģ
ǳĶû뵽ȺȪʼħڵڣѾͬˣ˱ȻҲ֣
ߣҪ˶ãЩȪʼħڵĴģͻͳᣡ
ħİٸˣһƿڴ
סڣ
Ħݿ˱һһɿֲѹȶ£ǽİٸħ˸ŵ
ѺΡ
Ħݿ˴һӣ˶һΡ
ʱȪʼħڵǧӣѺİٸħ壬һСС
Ρ
֮䣬һ׳ݺύһ޵֮£һֱ۴ϸĽħʱ˿̣ħ·һɫݻƵİħ塣
Ħݿˣͽ
ǰħĴܿͻɱģ
ַſǣӸƴˣ
סİħ壬һĦݿڽУʱƿڴ



1311 ɼ
飡
״һӣ͵ؽһ߼Ѿõʬ˦˳
ৡ
һʱ䣬ǧڼ뿴ϵʬ塣ϵʬ壬ȻǴͳҮĦʱ򣬲ɵõһɫ־塣
ȻѾĦݿ˵Ŀе֪ҮĦѾҮĦʬ壬سԼǰʱǸоǳ𺳡
ҮĦ˰ٻı붾ȻѾȻõòӣʱһڵ˿һͶصľ
Űʱ֮ǰҮĦ򣬴ʱһ߸ʬڼʹ飬ٺڼθһΣڴڵŻ
Ǻǣ˭Ҫٸ֨һұ֤ñҮĦҡ
ʩչкڼһͷĿѣҲҽС
ͷ췢ڤһֵؿһףԭ׵Ĳм֮ɫʱࡣ
ܹһ𣬾ͽǧڼŵƨԲǷ֮
Ȫʼħڵĵ
Ħݿ˵ͺһ
ڣ
ڣ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣҮĦʬ֮ͬ𶯣ʱԵ÷ǳ˳ӡ
һ飬ѡһڼ
Ħݿһ¡
ȪʼħڵĵӲɵһɧЩĦݿ˵Ķ
û˸ҳѯʣǳѸٵһ飬ѡһڼ
ˡ
ĦݿһƣЩڼһȺƵĴģ֮ǰǻȪʼħʮֱģڣʱֻˡһ٣ǧһŵɫĦݿ˼ڣҪһ飬ǰĺڼʬΣǵ˫֣մ̵Ѫ

䣬ȫ𶯡
Ħݿˣ㲻ú
϶Ȼʹѱ䣬Ҫ⵽Ӧ
ַǳӶҪң
һĦݿ˵ǧħĺڼʱȺ鼤ܣþȫá
ڻȪʼħڵĵӣһ¶ɬŲҶ֡
Ÿʲô˭ΥҾԲϢһɴԼ̣Ħݿŭһ
ɱ
ڤһȵس嵽һڼǰ͵һצ˺˺ڼţһһʻ࣬ͱӲ˳
ءڼޱʹҺ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ڤͷȪʼħڵĵҲûԥһ׷׶֣ǰĺڼƤǣɱ
̼䣬ټһΣͺһ׳˺ѷεĺ쳹
ȥѪ׷ɣһɴĿĵĲ̾
ǺǣЩİħ壬ļ԰־򡣡׵һЦ
նħ֮£Զǲֶβ̡
ԼһӺǧڼͱ˶ѻɽ⣬ȪʼħڵĵӣһȫԡѪɫӡ
ãɵúã
ڣվһϣǳΪʮͽ
˭Ҫǵҽ֮й¶ȥô϶Ҳһϣλν飬úⲻʱ׷Ī
ĦݿԵʮ⣬дһв֮⡣
ʱ˿̣ȪʼħڵĵӣǻȻ
ԭĦݿ˱ȵնɱڼǧӣ밵ħ˺һҲͲ˻ᰵ˽ͨħ壬ӶĦݿңնɱڼͳҮĦй¶ȥ
ò˵Ħݿ˵ֶηǳú
Ϊ˱ȫԼȻǧӣȫ
һʱ䣬ڳǧȪʼħڵĵӣһңᡣ
ţǰħ׷Ǿ˵һѪɫڼɱˡ޹أûУĦݿ˵ͺȡ


ȫĺ
£ÿһȪʼħڵĵӣѾɼܹѸѪɫȻٺò顣
ã
Ħݿ΢΢ͷƺΪ⣬ˣںڼķҩ׵ȵһжǶռΪУⱻħ廳ɡĦݿתͷڤȥеʬ壬áҪкۼȫĨ
ʦģұ֤񡣡ڤӦ
Ħݿ˵˵ͷŷ׵ǰޱȹ˳Ҿˣ㿴𣿡У͸¶޾ϣ֮ɫִҪȪʼħڵһϾɱ
ԡ
׵ͷӦ
Ħݿһɫ滺
ȻһĻǧȪʼħڵӵУͺһ׹ƽĺ棬̼Ȼ󲨣һޱȾؿĦݿˣЩɶͷԡ
⾿ô£
ʲôʱΪĦݿ˵ˣ
ÿһӵУȫء
ʦǣ
ڤɫ䣬һֵؿĦݿˡ



1312 Զ
ܵڤһĹ֮ɫĦݿ˲ɵһůʱ΢΢̾ϢڤѾͶݷŽ£ΪˡΪŽūͣ
˵ūֵ͡ʱĦݿ˸оԼǧٸڸĴ̹ǡ
ûȪʼħڵʥ֣ȻΪһԪСūͣҪǴȥƱؽΪЦ
һ̣ĦݿȫȻû˰ΪʥĽ𣬱΢þͺеһ
ʲô
ʦȻΪСūͣ
ڤȻһЩ̱ڵء
ͬʱȫһƬȻ
ڳǧȪʼħڵĵӣȫޱȾֵؿĦݿףҵ
ţʲôز¶ļһȻǰħ֮ӣǽ𽣶Ž壡
˵УŽǻĹʮеһĴڣû뵽ѾԪ磬ŵǣӾȻ˳˳ǣ
𽣶ǻȪʼħƲû뵽ĦϾȻĸԸΪŽūͣУ϶֮
ܣԲܣŽǿҲսʤʥĦϣ
ڻȪʼħڵǧӣһĿ࣬š
סڣ
žһĦݿһΪĶ˦ֱӽڤ˳ȥףҵǸ
Ħݿֱ¡
û뵽ڤ˲ʶʱ񣬾Ȼ£ҳԲѷֱ
Ҫ֪ʥĦݿˣΪ׵һūͣҪնɱڤǼֱǲһֻһס
üͷһ壬Բá
ˣϢŭСͽ£ðˣʹȣͷͽ䣡˴дһСһʶͽһƨ˰ա
ĦݿͨһڵأϵؿͷлǸ΢¼ģûȪʼħڵĵһȻ
ǺǣСӡڤ
׿ÿһĦݿˣĿ⾶Ͷ˲Զڤ
ǡ
ڤѪܵâ񣬶ʱЩҡڿԼޱȾصʦĦݿˣһɥȮһ׵ǰΪԼ飬ƽһ֮𡣺޲ǰȥ׸ʬΡ

Ц֡
ڤ΢Ƭ̣ɫϾߵ׵ǰɫ쳣ӡ
ҿǸӲҸһᡣ
΢΢һЦֻҪܹһȭҾͲ׷𡣡
䣬ȫһզࡣ
ŽôĿڤʦֿǻȪʼħڳ͵ʥߣѵŽһȭܲˣ
Žʵ̫ˣϧĦ϶ˣڤʦ־ԲĶ֣
˵ɾŽ壬ӵſžʵ飬ܹ俹ָ
ô̵ʱ䣬Žͳɳľ磬Ѿˡ֪ڤʦܷɹ
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһʱ䰵۷׷ס
ʲôҽһȭܹܵסͷһ·
ڤüͷһһЦһʱ侹Щ䷢Ц
Ȼ˵׵ϢжϣѾ̤Ԫ߰죬ԪڤҪǿϲ١ΣҲ׵һȭӲˡ
Ƿ̫
ˡ
˭룬ûڤӦĦݿ˾ٴؿͷСͽ֪ߵغ񣬻˿ū˳£顣
ʱ˿̣Ħݿ˼ٱ
׵ʵĦݿ˿̡ʥĸ֣ƥУĦݿ˵ͽڤˡ
˵ֻҪԸ⣬һȭɱڤð߬顣
á
бһĦݿˣ΢΢һЦҲ߶ԪƾǣһȭֻҪܹܵסҾԭ֮ǰĳԲѷ
˵һȭʮȭȭҲ
ԼʦһɥȮһϵظߵ飬ڤŭ𣬶ʱƻɽ緢һףֻȭͷ̫Ҵᡣ
˵ţԪ糱ӿһʾޱȿֲ
һᣬһҪúðա
ڤа˼⣬Ž̫ڲȫĿ˵״̬ûнҷʱܹ䲻⣬һôʦҲٰݵϥ£Ϊūˣ
һˣڤʱЩ
Ͽգأգ쳣ѹ֡
׻ֽţӸµڤͺǿһֻ׵ĸ



1313 ۵
顭
ڤ˿ûȫתһ磬һսս١ͬʱԪû֣ػԼ
˵ʱ˿̣ڤѾԼõػνͭǽڣˮйͨ
ף˿ûзƣôƽվڤǰƣɱϡƽ
׼ˡ
׵һЦ
ڤһƣ֮У˸һĨЦ
ȣ
ֻһͺȣ͵ؽ̤ӡһš˦һȭ
顭
ʱ˻׵ȭͷͺһöڵһЯϢƣҲƵسڤҶȥ
ʲôܡ
ڤ׼أ˭׵ĳȭٶ̫죬ڤȫעҲԶֻһı׵ȭͷڤš
˻
ȫ
顭
һĻȫΪ֮ĿࡪֻһɽѰıڤȫûɵ֣Ȼ׵ȭͷ׾ٵû˷顣
дĸоͺǴˮһ
һ˲֮׵ȭͷδ͵ػڤţһͺһȭһֽӣڤžȻӲظ׵ȭͷһѪ
ԭʻ̼࣬仯Ϊһ̲ࡣ
ۡ
ڤӦ˾ͺһߵķݣҲƵص˳ȥ
һĻȫʿУһʱ캧ˣÿһڻȪʼħڵĵӣȫһÿħһס
ֲ̫ˣ
ʵֲ̫ˣ
ΪȪʼħڵĵӣ˶ڤʵһ˵ڤսʥУεˮ׼
˭룬ȫԸ״̬£Ȼ޷֮ر׸һȭˣ
ҡ
ץǣ״ʼգûд߶Ԫƾǣ˿ֲӾ
ò˵ȫ˷ڣÿһȪʼħڵĵӣεѣס
ȥ
ڤɵǰһ̣ڤ֮ϣʥĵâ͵س׵ͷ­ȥ
ֻһһĵâ˲׵Դϣϵһƴ̶
ˣ
ڤصطɳǧףڵأϼһĨɬЦ⣬ڷɿŵæͳö鵤ҩϥʼȫ޸ơ
СӣеȻһ֣ͼһɱ
ĨĨԴϱâɵͷɵòмһЦҡҡͷͺһûһ
ֻٿڤޱȵͺҪ˶һ

ֳһηˡ
ǿûУڤʦֵȫһȻŽûͻƣ
ҶģȻ˵ڤʦֻͽֹѰʥһԴƱؽһ룬ŽȻһ¶ûУΪ˵еĻĹŽ壬Ȼͬ졣
ʵ̫ˣȻڤʦŽͬһʿ˵ʵֱ֮࣬𣬸һεĴڣһ㣬ҲУ
һ̣Ȫʼħڵĵӣȫ׵ͨˡ
ۣۡ
ǧ׿⣬ڤڴڵѪȫβֹȻѾ̳˼ö鵤ҩ˵ƻԿס𽥶񻯵ơ

һΣڤǰӸµڤСӣ뿴ղҵһȭҪԴϣһʲôĽ
һЦЦ
ڤɵϢһϡ
ղŵһȭڤϣڤԴϣڤһʲôĽ
˵ڤֳǧӣҲ³˽
ʣ׵ȭͷڤԴϣڤ̾ͻԽѣһغ
ǣײûô
׵ȻûлڤԴֻ׸ûҪô
ףˣ
˻
ȫһ
ڻȪʼħڵǧӣһ
ûϵֵ£Ȼܹһȭڤðʲôս
ֱҲΪ
ϧ㲻ʶôȻҪҲͼ͵ϮңҹƷǳѸͣԾҪһұ㡭ʵ̫ʶ̧ˣĮһ̣׿ڤȻûһĸ飬ͺһ
ܡ
һ̣ڤױˣ̱࣬һ˿ûˡζûϵͬԪףȻǿزȫѹԼԼ



1314 Ϊ
ˡ
ʱĦݿ׵ǰظ׿ͷ۽ԴĵѪ磬СͽūԸܹһ棬ɱΨһ״ӣ
ĦݿڿڤóȻֹ׵һɲǣң֪ɽ٣Ҳѱ֤ԼΪ谮ͽˡ
£ĦݿֻһֻҪܹŹڤ
ȻĦݿ˵Ļ׵ĿУûʲô׵һЦһŽĦݿ˸߷˳ȥ
Ħݿ˲ҺһصɳȥѪ
Ž壬㲻Ҫ̫
Ž壬ɱĦϡ
ס֡
Ȫʼħڵĵӣһ׼ɱ䣬һʱȺ鼤ܣ׷׻еķɱڡ
ƵվԭأʮƽؿǧŭĵӣһЦǺη֮ɫ
Źž޲ףǧȪʼħڵĵӣȻŭȴûһĸҷһУǰƴ
Ϊ
֮ǰ׵ı׵ĿֲǻȪʼħڵĵܹġ
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽڳɱ⣡
ҵĹء
ڣڳϵɧƽϢ֮ѵ촽һЦ֮ǰԼֻҪܹסһȭҾһŽһĭһ˵
ڤһƬŵ˫֮УʱŽһĨ⡣
㵨ҳıɱˣȻҪ塣һЦ͵һ߳һֱӽڤĵȳƬ
ڤ⧲ʱ̱ڵأһţ໲Һ
ȫһƬš
ףûնɱڤǣȴڤˣ
ڤѾ뷲һ޶ӽȫϡ
ҪΪˣҪ
л˿ūм
һûնɱԼİͽĦݿ˶ʱϲһһ׵Ľűߣϵؿͷл
üͷһӶбһĦݿˣмһЦ
˵׼ıԣǴħģĦݿŻãҲòһ˿أĻĦݿһѰҲûʲôô
ңҡڤΪ˷ˣһ˫Ѫɫ˫ضף޾ޣһ̣Ϊޡ
ڤ֪ӽֻһ޸֮ˣԪʣ޼˵ǱѩˣܷԪ磬һδ֪
Ľڤ˵ֱɱʹ죡
ĦݿΪԼٰģڤֲѰֻ̼ǸоԼģʴһ
ˢˢˢ
ʱ񡢷֡ҹˣҲ׵ıзӶһϲЦտ㵸
֣Ҳ̫ˣȻһСȥ
Ц֪СӸܲһȭģⲻǴҪݲСĵ
ûϴʵʥҪ˱ᣬǰϻα
񲻶ϵظţٿػһתСӲʶ̧٣Ȼ͵ϮҵƢǾԲһ·ģҲϴȱΪŻһٶԭ㡣
˵ţΪмڤһڡ
Ҫ֪ڤֵ׵Ժϵʱڱ챦еļ񡢷붫ҹˣʵһΪһѺ
ûʲô󰭣Ļ˵񡢶ҹˣҪȪʼħڵĵӸϾɱˡ
ǿ쿴ɲҲˣ
йݶټҵĶҹ
ҵķҲˣ
û뵽ХǵʥӣѾɳΪʥ߼ĸˣ
ڻȪʼħڵĵӣһÿŹһż񡢷붫ҹ
ûϵڶ̶̵ʮʱ䣬ԪҲͰˡ񡢷֡ҹһҲԪ磬ΪĿʥߡ
ǣӽ⼸Ԫ֮ӣӵиӰɳྪ춯ص
ˣ۪ǹűҴĳ˸Ҵ
ּЦһٿ
Ħݿ˻æӦŵ˳ȥ
һУǧħĳˣضزһɫȻΪڽųɺ󣬾Ҫħ崦Լˡ
˭룬һűͿס֡ҹޱȹеӭǰ
Ͻħȥ
ŭһ
ŵûȪʼħڵĵӣ׷׳ǰæҵͳһööħԿףǵĿɿ
һĻǧĳˣЩ֪



1315 ȿ
һǧΪˣһɫؿһˣЩ֪
ԭǿԴӳǳ֮ǾΪ׸ĸ򣬳綼
˭룬һ˸ɿ˽ħЦӭǧ˵ˣЩɶͷԡ
ȵǸܵס񡢷ֵϵϢޱ𾪡
壬Ϊλڳ۪ǹű
ѵɱ˳ǣܿѵĳһˣ
һˣ˵ĳˣ鲻Խڴ
λŽ壬żȻ䷢ֳǱİħռˣǱҪһ۪̽ǹűѾȫƿأǣҲָ֮
Цˬʣ졣
䣬ǧ˵ĳˣɵû
ţû뵽ǾȻܹػŽ壬Ϊ˵ʮĹеһĴڡȻԹ۪ǹű
ôܣ۪ǹűʥ򣬶ңǧôᱻŽݣҿŽı󣬿϶иѹ
ô˵ǳһ˵һ¡ԭǳǱħİմӡԮֻԴеķˡڣԮҪ˶ãͻɱʱ򣬰ħĩվ͵ˡ
ǧػĳˣ־ϲҵ
ܵеɻײɵõһЦλһηְħֳǣֻǸ⣬ԣֵֻи̽飬ʱûдɱ
һ˵ûдǰųǣϲеĳˣɵɫһ
Ҫ֪ԴӰħֳÿһÿһ룬г˺޶
ܣûдɱ۪ǹűôӰħж
ŽȻǿ壬ϢжϣƺҲֻԪ磬ȻʥĶ֡
вٵĳ˶ʱء
λǺôҲǵɽǾȻ˹ۿ˵ͣ˵ϴˣɲ壬Ҳɵնɱһʥ
Ϊˬ
ৡ
ʱǧ˵ĳˣȫһһȵؿ񣬸ܵڵɱľզ಻ѡ
ûϵԾȻŻĹżҵӣĹʮеɲ塣
Ǻǣʵ̫ƫƧˣⳤǵҲªţ۽ǳ֪û˵ҷֵţֶ˶е罣һĽڳɫ
Ĺŷҵķ֣
ʧ
ŵ΢΢һЦ
һƨķ֣ҹɵҡͷһЦ֮£ҹҪࡣ
Ȼһһָ֮ӣֻԪ磬ʥĸֱ֮𣬻ŷ
ûҿɲ̫žƾ⼸ˣͽ۪ǹűˣδҲ̫ˡ
ٵĳˣһȻҵɣϵıȻǽŽɡ
Գ˵ɣһƣҲֱͣӸɴһӣһһ߸õʬ壬ص˦˳˵ǰ
˻
ʱȫһ
һɴţۣĿҮĦʬ壬öûܷӦ
֮ǰɱ۪ǹű˵ҮĦȻһ߸Ӳʬ壿
޴ÿһˣȫɫ䡣
һ̣еɣеȫɢΪޡ
ÿһ˿׵񣬶žȿѵĹҪ๧ж๧ҪϾжϡ
Ž壬һݣ
£Ϊ
һʱ䣬ǧ˵ĳˣۺᣬعڵأ׿ͷл
΢΢һæǰ嶼һˣĪҪ
ҹҲæǰ
һЩʥҩǷ֮󣬺ָܹܿȫһӣͳһװ鵤ҩȻ˵Ʒʲߣ׽ɻսƷڳ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ŽţҲҪĶ顣
лŽ忶ңǧл
˵ĳˣõʥҩм㣬Щڵأ׿ͷл
λ
½ĳˣײɵ޸пڰħԽŨ񣬵һڱûȪʼħڵĵӸǿͷл
ϣһӣ£
ৡ
ʱȪʼħڵǧӣ¡¡ڵأһսսɪɪ
ţ
ô£ΪλȪʼħڵĵӣŽĺˣ
һĿࡣ
ûϵгһվȻûȪʼħڵħԼл
ֱ붼顣
ܹ֮ǰԼ˺ɱħӣɥȮһģǷǳġ
ƺǸܵе׵һЦλȪʼħڵĳĦݿѾҽѾΪҵūһ£Ȫʼħڵ߹ĪҲӡ
һķ絭ᣬ˵һͨ顣



1316 ó

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ǧŵؿףأԲԼĶ䣡
Ȫʼħںպ³Ħݿˣʥ϶ʢ񣬾ȻΪ׵һūͣ
δҲ̫ˣ
˵֮ǰ׽ҮĦʬ׳Ѿóˡ
׾ȻֽĦݿˣóó
Ħݿˣ¹лѵҿͷһ𣿡
׽üһŭŲԶȽŴĦݿˡ
һĦݿӦݷڵأǧ˲ϵؿͷлǸڵģᣬġ
϶ıŽˣǴģ
ҲģŽ壬Ȼһʥ
ܹ϶ǿͷлǷǳʹ죬ܹǧУҾͺˣ
һ˷ܲѣ׷׳Ħݿĭ
λ
׾һԣȵ˷йһŭ֮󣬷ǰһʵǰѾħҮĦͬǧħնɱˣҲΪǳһһڶ
ĦݿȪʼħڵĵӣŻеáǷģǾûʲôùӳԡ
ظ֤
̫ˣŽˣǾү
Ž壬ǳһָˣ
ȪʼħڲǸΪŰţŽ張ıԣûбҪǣҪեȡǵļֵ
һ۷׷ס
ˡ
ʱһͻХ۪ǹűеʿȻһһ׷̧ͷ߿ա
ȥȻһŰɳѪɫ۪ǹűϿգƳ죬צһɶģ
ãѪɫ۪ǹűˣ
죬׼
һʱ䣬ȪʼħڵĽǧӣȫŵôʧɫæҵؼԵķ׼ӭս
ĦݿվٴһעŹűϿյѪɫ
ڽǧһˣŵûɢЩڵء
λ뾪壬ⲻҵһˡ
һƬҵֳ׵һЦһ
ʱһƱ׵ЮѪɫ˱챦ڲ
ɲǼ䣬ֳָƽʲôδһ
⣬⡭
ѪɫȻŽһս裿
ԭ֮ǰҮĦŽȥģı㣡
ò˵Žʵ̫ˣҲ֪ĳǸжжٵûչֳ
Ȫʼħڵĵ볤һˣȫÿĿ⿴ף겻ѡ
һ̣ǵѣ׸ȫˡ
ױǸԵ϶ĦݿˣҲǲֵһķ֮
˵ǰ֪ôĵƣĦݿҲǰŰסһ׷Ī
ˡ
촽΢΢һЦλ˵ز˾λҵıУҽħɸ֮̽󣬱ӳ졣
ǧȫ˫һ׷׵ͷӦ
壬ǵĳѱħİշӡˣܹȥ𣿡һЩΪǡ
ϻǼȻܹȻҲܹȥ
Щͷ
£ǧˣ׷һЦϲõú»
ֻҪܹշӡôָܹ֮ңܹٻľΧ˳ϵħ

һӣһεʱϯৣǧȫӦ׽Ǹ뱦ڲ
ȵǧ˽׵ı磬һСУ֪ҪﰲЪ׵
Ϊ׵ıУŨһƬ󺣻žѪ׵ıУǺ͵óէĳˣЩִٲ׹Բ˶ߡ
С
¶ǧ˸һ嶴֮У˱ڲɣɢ
ýǧһǧл
Ľǧˣ׶ޱȵ𾴣Լȡе
ڲ
һƣԿĦݿˣ߰ɣȥ߲Ͽһ⣬ҵҪƣһΰħ徿ǲ˶پ
Ħݿ˲ɵȻһһŵƤϳ鴤ˣҪȥ߲ϿȣǿǰħڳϵľӪܲƣ
һƣ뻢Ѩɵûӣԣ̳
״һӡ



1317 ߲Ͽ

Ħݿֻ׵ľ
ã쳣Ϊ˶ĿǱҽı΢΢һЦ
Ħݿͷǡ
ȪʼħڵĵӣȫĦݿ˵ıд
תͷڵصǧȪʼħڵĵӡ
Щ۪ǹűУЩģΪ˱ֻһߡ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣȫɫ࣬ޱ⡣
ȻԸһճڣҲԸɱߣһʲôʱ˳ǿͲˡ
ĦݿˣһˣѰĵΣ
Ħݿһӣǧӷ׷׽Ħݿ˵ıڲ
ৡ
ţ֡ҹˣҲһΣĦݿ˵ıС

һ£һΣҲĦݿ˵ı硣
ңʥıôֵıʮǧ
ⱦҲǿԳΪһƬأڲĿռʵ̫ˣ
˵ǣǿռȶԣŨ̶ȣֵһᣡ
֡ҹ˸һĦݿ˵ı磬͸˸ԵϬ
ոսһ̨ٻĦݿˣ̣ЩһͷԵڵءϧȻһӻȴֲҷйʮֱ
׵Ĵߴ£Ħݿ˻æסһ˵İ£һꡣ
ֱָ߲꣬ϿȣǾ߲ϿǧһƫƧɽС
Ϊ˰ȫ׾ȴ͵߲ϿΧ߲Ͽȡ
¡¡
һ̨¡¡죬Ħݿ˵Ӱƾʧ١
һת֮
Ħݿһ٣һƬ಻ɽϿգ̧ͷֱľ޷壬ľ죬ʯڣͷһɽӿ
ĦݿСɢʶ̽һ֮΢΢һ
ৡ
׵ӰƾճĦݿ˵ԣһö׹ɢſֲѪɷħӿ׸Уа죬˸оһʬɽѪĴħͷȰħ廹Ҫаٱ
ߣ߲ϿȽ
һ¡
Ħݿһ·ͿշУԳ߲ϿȵķӶȥ
һ·֮ϣϢǵͿշУԵʮֵ͵
ԼĪһյĹңңؿ߲Ͽȵķ
һ߲ϿȣĦݿ˾ͲɵӿЦһզп
ҿ֮ǰûֱ߲꣬ϿڲĻ϶ᱻ߲ϿƸֱų⡣ʱ򣬷ǵûϢǱ߲Ͽ֮Уɣɱ֮
Ħݿĳһ¡
׵һЦƺԴг
ȥֻһټϿȺǰޱߣƬƬٲһ֮к£Ͽȵ·Х䣬Ļըһ㡣
ϿȵϿգȻһɫʺڸ߿գס
ֻһۣͻƬϿΪλᱻΪ߲Ͽȡ
߲ϿȣǳϲɶõķˮأϿڲŨΪˣһĸ߲㣬ŻἯƬϿУ߲ʹűĦݿ˵
Ȼ߲ʹűҲš
˼ص˵ͷһ·ѷɽеĲľֲҪïʢࡣҲ߲Ͽȵĸõ
ΪעǣϿȵΧȻһ׵ƣ߲Ͽȫ߲ϿڲŨɾ߲Ͽ磬ȴϡľɱ
û뵽ħȻ߲ϿΧһԸϴ󣡡
ʩչѰۣһɨͲɵþ
ԣĦݿ˲ɵüͷһʲôǰԸϴ󣿡ĦݿȻʥҲǵһ˵ơ
Ͼҵרһ϶˵ȫһ
ԸϴɾžŰʮһƹͬɵһ󡣡
һϾǹһ󣬹ƶᱻʮһֵͬңָܵķɣνǹؼ汸ľơ
Ħݿпһ
ҪԸϴֻоŸڡŸڣرأ׳
һΣǸҪƾ󡣡ЦЦؿĦݿˣĦݿȫڡ
һ֤߲ͨϿС
Ħݿ˵ļ
Ħݿ˶ʱһ£ֱðˣá
üͷһšЦζðҪǲȥҲУɥȪ˵ţװ߶ĦݿʶеʶӣŵĦݿӦ
׵һЦ׼Ħݿ˵ı硣
ٿأĦݿĿһͶһ



1318 Ըϴ
˿쿴һѲڱˡ
Ħݿָһľϲ
ţ
ѭȥֻԼĪжʮħ壬һʽڼףֳֳìƣϿⲻصͿշСͬʱһʶϯ̽
Ϣ׵ͺһæʮëףϢ
Ħݿ
Ħݿ˵ľΪֻҪɢϢѲڱǶȻԲġ
һѲڱƺǰħĺڼͷһˣԪľ磬ֻа벽Ԫ磬Ϊ塣ʩչѰۣһۣͽԷʵһ
ˣһǧѷĻᡣ
ĦݿһؿףֻҪܻڱؾܹ֪̽ħðմ߲Ͽȣˡ
ԣüͷһ֣һЦĦݿˣôҲһʥȻΪһѲڱ֪߲أܵеļ֮ɫĦݿεشͷ
˵ڽ볤ǵʱĿһĻ׵ľҶڰħһγƣǳ档֮ǰ׵ľȫ鲻Խز
ǲܹ֪̽ͭŹоʲôôǼľҲδܹħһ򾡣
ԲҪõĽ
׿õĽܼĴͻȻɱֱӽϵİħϾɱ
һڰħ˵һش
˵ˣʧ˴İħ壬ܹǧڣϢָԪѾǳѵˡؾѪ飬͸ûаħʲôˡ
Ҫô֣һ־նݳնħĵã
ˣô죿ѵҪŹ֧Ѳڱ
ĦݿЩʣл롣
׵˵ͷ˴ݾߣȻ˵֧ѲڱʵΪ壬ǣ˵ؾ߲Ͽ̫һз紵ݶпοҪһնɱʮڼҲһ׵顣
Ħݿһɥ̾Ϣһ
£Ħݿɽº󷽣ĿѲڱԶȥ
ͣͣͣ
أһ̶ƿ͵شĤĦݿ˲ɵȻһ
͵Ϯ
Ħݿʧ
׵ɴ˫ͫĿһͿ֧Ѳߵĺڼÿһ֧̺ſֲʥƿնɱڡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮڼҺ̱Ѫ֮С

죬ὣ󣡡
쾯ݣ
£ڼҳһšͷʥߣһʮڼһ𣬾ͳŷɱȥ
̱Ѫеĺڼھ֮зжæͳһöö鵤ҩ̷ǣʼԽⶾеĺڼͳһľݣî׼졣
⾿ô£Ȼڸ
Ħݿһľ֡
üͷ壬˵ز˾ǱҪնɱڼСĻ˴Ҳ޴ˡһˣֵ
ͣͣͣ
ʱһɫĵâƿնƫеػվݵĺڼȻɼҷն
׵Ѹ͹£벽Ԫĺڼûз֮һغ
ɱ
Ħݿ˽̤Ʋӥһʣڼ
ǻȪʼħڵĳϣ
һѵѱ𣿡
ڼһĦݿ˵װһϲΪԮţ鱩ͻڷ
ʥĦݿˣնɱڼײ糯෴Ӷȥ
顭
ܿ죬˾Ϳ˴һŵ
һȻǺڼһܹʮˣͷʥԪ죬ĺڼֻа벽Ԫ硣
棬һʥߣս
ˣźɫĳ룬ҷضУĽ˶࣬лһɽģʥ󿪴ϣɱʮ㡣
һˣŰװڵĺ룬˾ǣװڵĺ룬Ǻڰ׻ӣ߶Ǻɫ룬ұ߶ǰɫ룬ֵһǣѰ˲ͬǣһĺ͹ʮ˳ںϣһģķУʮֶȤ
ţǸŮģ
Ŀһɨɵ΢΢һ
֮ǰ׽ܹһһĵĹ涨ԣֻܹһɫĺ룬ŮͬУδɼҵŮԣɫĺ롣ڳ˼ҵŮԣȴǿϵɫ
ңÿһ̥ͨһɫĺ롣
ĳ̶ֳ˵ŮԺɫԽǰ쵶ʣã
׿һŮˣɫĺ룬һһڣӦһûгɼҵŮ
ֻһŮź룬ֺЦĸо



1319 źڰ׺Ů
顭
˫սǳļңһȫԸܿƾʻԪɵ飬˳նɱڼԽѹ̬Χʣĺڼ
ħС֣ţٹڵأΪˣĻͱʹɱˣ
һǳදŮźڰ׺Ůд˳

ͷĺڼȻŭһǵļ԰ѱǸռҪͶǡʹ쾯ݣ޴ӣ˵ţһУһݾͳСͬʱαˣսȦ
ã
죬ڣ
źڰ׺Ů̼
ʱſɽ׳һһңйվݵĺڼ
ʱˣ
һƣĦݿ˲˶ȥһɹ糱Ŀֲѹϯѹûսе˫ȫ̱Щڵأһ̧ͷһֵؿĦݿˡ
ǻȪʼħڵĳɱˣ۹̫ˣһҵҪĶӣ
ͷĺڼһѶеľݣʥ׼ǰ˸Ͼɱ
ãʥĸ֣
죬ڻС뿪
տɽ׳æıзתĦݿ˵ķɱ
ס֣
ʩչһͺȣȻȴģֳֿɽ׳ȫһ١
ն
ʱһӣһɫĵâʹ׵һͷĺڼļ֮ϡǣǶѣѪˮӿ
ʱҴڼȫĿؿס
Ѫеĺڼһ˫Ѫ˿˫ۣŵضף촽ͣΪʲôΪʲôҪɱҡ
һһŲͷһЦΪʲôһǰħΪʲôҪļ԰أ
䣬׵ֳֿɽ׳һЩ޴
ףȻΪԼļ԰
ѵʿ
ǡ
Ϊʲôȫ³Ѫɷħħ廹Ҫаٱ
ӣ
źڰ׺ŮĦݿ׳ֵĵһʱ䣬ͷӴգۼ䣬ʧڴ֮Уûз֮顣
飡飡飡
ĦݿʣڼҲնɱ֣վ׵ԡ
˵ĦݿΪȪʼħڵĳϣӦ밵ħһӪģȴǿɱͬ壬νǳ⣬ֻҪܹЩܹܵķΧ
㣬㡭
װ̩ɽѹƣֳֿɽ޸׳һϾؿףɫ衣
λ׳ʿ䱸ʼԴǽ𽣶Ž壬ͬһӪˡ
׹Ϣϯ
ʲôʿǳһͬһӪģ
Ǵ˵еŽ壿
λ׳ʿһ𾪵ؿףȻˣں赲ʲô仯ƭˡ
Ž塣
׵ͷһЦ˵ز˾ǲ绻һط˵
λ׳ʿһ׳ʿٿһޣʲôŽ壬ֻǰħʥ߼ٰˣΪľǲȡǵΣӶҵǳһҴߵĲ֮
ûһ
һ׳˵ͷգսҲ͸¶ģİգ
λ׳ʿеâײɵÿЦãһʱ侹ЩԶԡ
ȷ
ˣȻ˵׵ţǺȻһ֪״һǻȪʼħڵʥҪȡԷΣֱǳ˵Ρ
ˣǺãĦݿ˲ʱؿԶ߲Ͽȣͷ£һǰħĴɱǵĴɾΣˡ
ιһڤ粻顣
ٿأӰԴĦݿ˵ıϯϴѾݣΪλǲţѵҪһ𣿡ŭգ߷߲ѵضһˡ
ǣ
ֳֿɽ޸׳ܵϢɵһ
˻ĹżҵӼɲ塣
һЦ˫ֱأһ״
ֳֿɽ޸׳ɵأЩš
˵е֮ӣӶس˵ǰֱƻһ㡣
ǿԲңܵԼˡ
һһУֱӴӱٻٸһˡʱӰƾճǰһŨܵĺ룬Ȼ۪ǹűķ²



1320 Сͷ
ףǵΪλıУ
⾿ôһ£
ֳֿɽ޸ĳˣһĿࡣ
ǳ˵һ׳Եһʾһ¡
°ݼǰ
һĳǰһһԷǰŵһöѫ£ʱֵޱȵĹ۪ǹűˣڲ֮ǰħĺڼȪʼħڵĵӸռˣŽɱŽǴˮи˳ǵնɱ˺ڼĴͳҮĦ򣬶ҡ
˵ţĳΪɵؿһĦݿˣĦݿûʲôӦ󣬲С˵ȪʼħڵĳĦݿ˸ˣĦݿˣֻŽһūͣ
䣬λֳֿɽ޸׳һеľ޸ֶ䣬һĿضס
ԪףȻնɱҮĦ򣬻Ħݿˣ
仰Ǵ˵Ŀ˵ǶȻš
㿴
źɫ׳һۣЩ󲻶
ҾΣǲܽǵĲ֮ءϾǵ׿֤ʵŽݣҲпвء
һ׳
ûһ⼸۪ǹűˣӸˣ߽ˣɱǵǣǾмˣ
һ׳ԹԵ
أԲŵλˣֱţŭϴҪڤ粻ļһ˰ɣǹҧʶģ
ಡ
ʱһٻӰԳ׵˵ķӶ
ৡ
סĦݿˡˣתͷȥɵ΢΢һӰȻ֮ǰߵǸźڰ׺Ů
û뵽Ůʱ˿ԭ·ˡ
С㣬ôˣ
λֳֿɽ޸׳һԭ·صŮɵʧ
ҶѾǵ̸ˡ
źڰ׺Ůɣλֳֿɽ޸׳ǰһЦתͷֱؿ񣬡ǣ˵ز˾Ǹߡ
˵ţͳһ̨һ꣬Ҫ׵뿪
ֳֿɽ޸׳һƣʱл̼Ȱ裬С㣬ǧҪһα߸ɱǣǵĻ©ٳԲʲôˣ
ģ
ΪСŮһЦתͷ˼񣬡Ȼ֪˵Ļм漸ּ٣ǣȴʶһСҴſɿһ͵Сһ
һȻѾˣϢȴϴ
źڰ׺Ů˫Ǻһż񣬿üƤ̣Ϊִ
㣬ǡСͷ
˹Ŀ⣬εͷ˰Σĳû뵽ôˣ㻹ǵң
ߣȸ뿪
źڰ׺Ůٵػ˻֡
£׽뱦У뼧Ħݿ˵ϴ̨
̨һζ磬һ̣һȺƾʧ١
һת֮һȺɽĻƧɽС
ߡ
źڰ׺ŮһȵصͿշУһ˳ɽļззȥ
֣㻹һͯʱ͡λŮĹˡЦż
Цһ
żξִٵģײЩ棬Ҫ֪ԼƢԣʲôʱ˺߹
֣Ůʲô֣ΪҲǽܽܣܲܶСͷɣ
׵񣬲źۼӹŮظȷе˵СͷЩǡӦþʹӲŹУ
˭룬ûȼӦͷ·Ůûһ仰ߣСͲǺöȻţôֵţ
üͷһµؿ
ˡͷװɵ
ˢˢ
ʱҹƾճ֣һһЮż񣬱ʵ˵ٲ˵ǲˣ
ƾճֵλʥߣŮλ׳ȫ΢΢һܿӦˡ
˵Ҳ˵ҧɽɡ
񣬲һʲô˵ģҸǰɣһţСССͷŮĲ
Ȼˣ죬ŨܺڵҲûܹó
ۡ
ʲôСУ
̼䣬ȫȻЦ
Цǰϣ֡ҹҲЦЦĦݿˣʱҲ̿
ǺҧгݣצޣʲôЦģͯ޼ɵʱûʲôõģҡڿɱСʱΰˡ



1321 ڤƶ
Ϊʵ̿һ·֮ϣûٱҹֳЦνڿ֮ܡ
Դˣһɥ⣬ɸû󣬼ϧ˭ҪСʱЦͶϾֵ塣
÷붫ҹ˲١
֣㿴ֶˣǾͲҪٳЦˣҲĴ˵ԲԣʵҲͦģҹһ
ǵģ˵ǱȽͬ鼧ֵģԼľΪǿԸĳЩλĶСȱģҲùֵˣ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
㣬ǡЩ˹ȥ
һ·֣ܿ˾͸СͷŮһɽ϶У߹հƣ̤һþ֮УһΣһƬСڲ
̤С֮ǰΪ˱ᣬȽеĦݿˣԼıС
СڲϪˮѵļɽǧ˰̬
һƬݵϣ뷢԰׵ߣϣšߵŵĹܣȥǧ֮ࡣ
ֵһǣЩĹ½ãػ㣬ĹЩԿ˱ģЩ򻹿ţ֪޷ߵݣûüԿ̡
ոսСסˣһĹȫɫһЦƽһĨׯأ˲ѹ˲١
Сͷʹ﷼ǣ
׿źڰ׺Ů
ҽе櫡
źڰ׺Ůƽش
櫣ЩĹǣʵ
˵һΰħֳǣ̶̼գǳǾͽݣǳһ߲ܲϿȣͬû⣬֮ǰǳһ̫ϳϣֿȡһϴųһһӳ죬ҪסһѪڱ塣
ܹԼǧ˳ϧһˣ˰·ϣʬǶҲˡˣȾ˰ħһڤƶǳаһʱأ½ȥЩĹΪոȥûжõġ
СͷŮ櫰̾һ
ڤƶһüͷһ֣ڤƶһżϷĹ˵ħǧǧѼʮ綾Ķ棬ͬһйʮ꣬칷ʳµʱ򣬴Уֻʣһֻ档ֻ棬Ƕ֮ųڤƳ档
˵ڤƳǳֲıƶԶ龳ĸ֡
һпңÿһҹʱ֣ڤƳ涼Ҫ̳ʮʮ괦ӵʻĸΪʳĻڶͻᷴˣǳаΪˣιڤƳħܣڲ껿ǧƵ꣬ʮҵĴӣΪľǸڤƳ洢ʳ
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ
붫ҹȫɴͫףЩš
ڤƳı綾Ȼܹ龳ĸ֣
Ҫ֪龳ĸ֣ݹ壬ҲƷëǣֶһľ뢣ȻҲܲڤƳı綾
ڤƳжôֲˣ
ڤƳ̫аˣȻÿ춼Ҫ̳ʮʻ࣬Ҳֶ֪ǺηȻ˴治һ߿
û뵽˷ħֳǣȻڤƳ涼ˡб׼һ
ҹզࡣ
櫣ڰ˳䡣üͷ塣
΢΢̾Ϣͷ
ܿ죬ڵ櫵Ĵ£˼ɽϪˮԵǰ˾ǣߵƤֳһīɫһ֩Ƶ磬鲼һʻһһ̲ͣƤ֮䶯ţ˿˲ɵͷƤθзӿŻ³
ʣλߣڤƶѾǳΣա
櫣ǻˡ
λ˫Ŀ磬һʱһ˵һɨüͷ΢΢𣬡ǣ
櫻æǰ棬ϣڹǵ֮ӡ˷·ǣ̽ħĵϸ
䣬뷢԰׵ߣ͵һһϲؿס񡢷ֵˣƬ̺ҡҡͷԹԵ̾ϢһĬ
Ž壬λǰ
׹
ݻĹŶҶҹݼλǰ
Ĺŷҷ֣λǰ
ҹ֣һ׹Ҳæҽܡ
ǰλһĳϣȻо綾Ϣ٣ӵʥ۷徳ΪС
ţ
ǵͷСȻ˵лĹҵӶˡϸɿ˼ĿͶףǴ˵лĹʮеһŽ壿
һЦ¡



1322 ͳ˧
΢΢ͷٿسѯʣô밵շӡģ
һֱӽ׹˳ҴӰħнɻһö׹ƾǲŵ׾ٵش˰շӡ󣡡
Ǵ˵а۽յıƶɵġ׹
ৣλߣȫһã³һϢզп
û뵽һԪСȻܹն׹ְ벽ķ
ڳλ̾硣
ѹҴϸܵһǿҵħԭа׹֡
ԱߵĿֹһ䡣
Ž壬Ǵ˷ǰΪ̽ⰵħĵϸӶٻĴһôһϣؿס
ͷħʮ⣬ΪһӣȻҪȫԸħϾɱһΣǾ׼ħĵϸ̽ӶصԵУ߲㣬бðħӣһ
׵УӹһĨâ
λһĳϣɵһϲȫ
ûϵŽػ£Ǿˡóһλϣʮּж
壬ܹǳһ壬ϹͷһˣĴ£
壬һݣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣΡΡظӣҪҾ
׻æǰҲҡ
Ž壬㲻֪ǳһȫڰշӡУܰħɱҴˣνޣȻҪӳ죬ȣҲûа취
ڣа׹֣ȫԳưշӡݵϢɢȥǳһ˵ֱǾݣڳһ壬Ƕɽĸ
һ֣ص˵
΢΢һЦǰ˵볤һҲԵתͷһһֱ¶ļ񣬡ҵֵܼڻĹżңǼӢ۵Ķӣ볤һãƾһϵҲӲܡ
ৡ
λϵĿ⣬ȫˢˢͶķڸܵϢʱ΢΢һһĴȣԭǼӢ۵Ķӣû뵽δѾˣǵõ漧Ӣǳһ͵ʱ򣬻һſɿСëǼȤС
ܵĿеĴƣ޲һطȥ
꣬Ҳڱֵ䵭ⳤһĹˣһ֣뵽Ĵºţüĸо
˷λˣǳһĳϣΪĹżҵӣȻҲʧǰһع񣬡λϡ
żִεģҹֲɵһЦ
ǰǼȻ밵ħй֣϶԰ħ˽⣬֪ⰵħ˷ֳǵıж٣۷ж٣
׷ʵ
΢΢һ̾˵Ȼǳһ߲ܲϿפʮ򾫱ڶ̶̵ڣͳݣûнħеȫȳ
֪ѶϢħһεǳǿᣬȻֻһˡǣǾУкڼۼľħ壬ܹаǧˡ⣬ŰħĺڻŰħħǶһĸ֣ʥĴڡǺڻħնɱ߲ϿȲʮˡ
ϳ
˻
䣬֡񡢶ҹһˣȫһ
û뵽̶̵ļڣѾ֮ħ徫Ϣش塣
Ǻڻħʥĸ֣С
֮⣬֪һΰħ廹ͳ˧龳ĸ֡ͨ󣬼ײУ˵ֵʱ룬ƺĳֲĻУʮʹࡣ
ʲôͳ˧龳ĸ֣
ţⰵħĸҲ̫˰ɣ龳֣Ժɨˣ
֡ҹȫһ
ûе֪ħĵϸ֮ǰֵ˻Ĵ룬ֻħɽһǵʵѾһɥ絶ˡ
ʣ˵Щͷͬ죬Ҫһ򾡣ס
֮⣬ħ廹Ųٵţڱ䵱ԮƩȪʼħڣ֮һϲһ䡣
׵˵ͷ
ˣϡ֪֪ħһͭŹףɾħǣţ׿żɽؽе˳һϣؿϡ



1323 ʥ
Ȼ˵Ѿ֪˰ħкڼۼľǧˡ龳ĸΪͳ˧¸н˰ħ밵ħĺڻħνǿ׳ָܹ֮ɨһƬ
ǣֻҪ֣оųɾŵİջϵİħ塣Ͼ飬ɲǰħֵܹġ
Ψһ׸оû׵ģڳ⿴һĻ׵ľ
ֱףǿͭײڲ̺һԱĿֲϢֱûС
⣬Բ龳ܹӵеġ
ͭŹʲôʵʩΧˣžص塣
ʲôףҴû˵
һȻ
׵ɫؽԼһĻλ
λ뷢԰׵ߣľû˵գ̾һҡͷ̾ϢǳһעҪһ٣һΣܹסѪҲûлָķòˡ
վһĬĬᡣ
ǰҲ֪ô
һֲĸо
û뵽λһĳϣͭŹһ֪ƽ
ȿȣȿȡ
أſڿȳһ̲Ѫȫ鲻Խؾʮʹࡣ
ǰôˣ
סҹֵˣȫǰ
ڤƶˡüȹϵϡ
ϼһʱղˡ
ǿ˺ѷεʹǣһ֣صؿףŽ壬ҿܹŵ뿪ǣǳһǧҲǳһ츳ѪΪڵӣȻڰħ
ǰĪҪۡ
׾ǰ̧סϵ׼̽ϵĲ飬˭룬û״߶Ͼһ˦׵֡
壬㲻ҪνľٶˡڤƶǳֲͨһӴڵڤƶ̾ͻܵȾʱҲӡ
һ֣ء
ʲôڤƶȻͨŵһ£ܵغ˼
ģѾڵֻҪұһľ룬ǲܵȾġɫڣͷ֩ͻ𣬺һ䶯š
Ž壬ĹʮеһĴڣڤƶδܹ˵ҡңҽһѰа֮ѹãܹⶾ
׵
֣Ž壬ûбҪΪһðաڼ縺Σܷ𰵺ħ壬Ϳˣǧжʦδ
һʼ򣬵ڱƳһɱһ˦֣ӿȥ
ȻˣҲͲһˣҵı㳢һЩڤƶûѹá׵
һҲƴǣ߷׷ſʮëףױƳı
һʱ֮
뷢԰׵ߣɵһϲĿ˸˸ؿף壬лԮǸоöˡ
һľϲĪ׷ʲͣϣ˳ϣųϡڵڤƶŽκˣ
ܵеϣ֮ɫ뷢԰׵ߣɵð̾һҡҡͷڤƶаȻûôƽ⡣˵Ѷʹ·Ҳδֻܹش
ıǽڵĶԣʱѹסˡǵԴϢµʱ䡣ϵ
ʲô
ϥһЩ̱ڵء
׵ıֻʱѹڤƶӳλ߰µ
ºһĳϣҲܵķĹһ֮УһĹ³ҡ
ѵûа취𣿡
üͷ塣
ҪⶾҲûа취ֻҪǱ߲ϿеһؾǳաǻǲҪȥˣΪϹͷֵá̾һ
ʲô취
߲ϿΪǳһܲؾһؾһˮأд˵еʥȪˮʥܹеĶʥ֮ˮܹժʥλϷãһܹⶾ
˵
ԣס֡ҹˣȫΪ֮һ
ʥ
ǼϡĹҩܹһжڤƶλ˵һݡ
ϧʥؾ߲Ͽ֮УҪõʥҪ߲ϿȲС



1324 Ȫˮ
ϧ߲ϿѾȫħռˣڣ˰Ըϴ߲ϿȡҪ͵͵Ǳȥûпܵ顣
˵ΪǱ߲Ͽȣνʾ֭Ȳѣڲϧð͵ϮħѲڱҪһԪڱӶıУϢؽ߲Ͽȡ
ǣǰΣûһγɹҴ˲˵
櫰̾
éٿ
ԭ֮ðΣգ͵Ϯ߲ϿΧѲڱΪܻͷԪ֣併ӶΪãλϣڱıУӶ
櫲ֻԪ쾳磬İ֣ҲֻԪ磬ҪܻԷһԪİħ壬ϣʮã
櫣ȫ԰ϢǱ߲ϿС
üͷһһЦ
Ҫ֪׿ǽ˻ȪʼħڵʥĦݿˡĦݿ˵ݣټͨƣҪ߲Ͽȣշǳ
㣿
櫶ʱ־ϲһ˷ܵؿף壬Ըô
ȻѾ֪׽˻Ȫʼħڵʥ֣ǣһˣΪ˳һλðգ櫻Ųġ˵ȥ
˭룬׾ȻԸҪһ塣
õϲ
λϣ̫ˡŽ˵ҪǱ߲Ͽȡ΢Ц
ʲô
ȻһһȵؿŽ壬壬ȻŰ׹֣һ߲Ͽȣܿͻݰ¶ʱ򣬿°ﲻǣǿȥ޻ذ
ϱܵΪҪͨ׹װħˣӶ߲Ͽȡ
ԣ׵һЦҡҡͷҲҲһӣһӰƾճڳһλǰȻ϶Ħݿˡ
Ħݿ˸һ֣͹ظ׹һˡ
㣬ǡȪʼħڵ϶Ħݿˣ
²ˣ
λȫȻһشҪĦݿƴ
櫻æǰλϣˣĦݿѾǻȪʼħڵĳˡ
ųһɻһۡ
ЦſһףתͷЦŽ͵Ȼ˵ԼţһʵȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣѾΪŽһūͣδţ
˻
䣬λнľĳϣȫһզпĿضĦݿˣöûܻعв߶Ų֮ܲĻ
ĦݿˣϿλϿͷ
ɨһĦݿˡ
ĦݿȻһæǰͨһڵأϵظλһĳϿͷлʹǰǵģ˿òɵΪ֮顣
ģ
ţҼֱʵΪĹʮеһŽ壬Ԥϡ
һλһп׵񣬶һ˿η
Ҫ֪ⳤһλϣһ϶Ħݿˣûսʤ֮İա۽併ĸԸΪһūˡ
񣬽Ԫףȴˣò˵ֱһ漣
Ž壬⾿ôһ£ΪνȪʼħڵ϶ˣ
ϣѯס
׵һЦľԵһ顣ȻЩأһԴ
Ӣ۳꣬У
ǳһҲһ櫣һһϸ£⻹ǴСιȪˮʳһöʥĽ˭룬һȽϣǳһĵ櫣ŽҪʮǧﰡ
۷׷ףĶ׵֮ʡ
΢΢һЦΪ⡣
ˣҵıУפ۪ǹűĽǧͬҪǳ뼸λϼ档
״һӣǧ۪ǹűȳĳ˸ٻ˳
ݼϣ
̫ˣû뵽гһջлλȨصĳϣ
ǧˣһλϣɵϲһڵأλҾ
λ뷢԰׵ĳϣݺᣬϲֱвϵ߶׵Ĵ¡
ԼĪһյʱǰһλϣ²˳٣Ӧץʱ·ˡȡǱ߲ϿȵؾУȡʥΪβ
ԣλͷǡ
£ԪˣڳһλĿеĵλǳ磬ǳһĶˣʵ׿֮ӣ˾塣
Ϊˣλʥ۷徳ߣҲԸ׵ָӵȡ



1325 ڻ
״һӣһεϯֱֳһˣâһֱӱ׸˱ڲ
Сͷ櫣û뵽ȻҲ̤Ԫ磬ԭһǳ㾿ǵʲôܹұ൱ľΪԭǷʥȪˮԵʡ
һᵽʥͲɵð⡣
޳֮ͽΪﲻ֪ĻӣСʱҼңҵĻǶҲͰˡʥǳһ֮һǧŽһŹʵǳϡɱͼռΪУ
һӵбһۼ
ιСͷ㽫ҵʲôˣҺôҲǻĹżҵӣʲôʱ˵ôˡʮַ߿
죬СС櫱һͦͦΰ˫壬ؿ顰Сͷš
һС֣ʱˣһǳɫҪξжΡô˵һʵж֤ԼСаɣ
ҪΪЦˡ
ż޴ģԶķ붫ҹЦ˼ɼɱ˵Ŀ⡣
λǰ롣
һƣ׵ָ£Ħݿ˵һӣڳȫԼıڲ
ţڿնһ̲ͣس߲ϿȵķӶȥ
Ħݿ˵ıڲǧȪʼħڵĵӣһ״ųһĳϽ˱磬ȫԾԶԶ˱ܣ³һĳǨŭҪǸϾɱ
վӹϵķۡ
壬ǣ뷢԰׵΢΢ۿԶɽϵĻȪʼħڵӡ
Щ׷Ħݿ˵ĵӣҲûнǸϾɱҲ˼ɡ
׽͵
˼ص˵ͷҲٸס
£ȻĦݿѾΪ׵ūЩȪʼħڵĵӣҲ׵ƿ֮£ôֻҪ⣬ǲٶԳһ𺦵ġ
ֻҪ˺һˣôҪɱҪУͼоϣֲָֻš
˵׶ڳһѾɽҪ̫ˡ
磬Хɳ졣
Ħݿٻһ̨̤ϣһ꣬ܿһΣʧԭء
߲ϿΧ
Ħݿ˸һסΣͷɿس߲ϿȵһؿڷӶȥ
߲ϿȱԸϴԸϴɾžŰʮһ϶ɡֻоŸؿڿԳ룬ĵطȫסˡ
ԶԶģûĦݿ˿ؿڵλãͿϰħڹؿڵλãڼɱڡ
վסߺˣ
һըװı
Ħݿ˻æڹؿǰλãңңرȭ񣬡»Ȫʼħڵ³Ħݿˣһǰʮ𼱵£Ҫͨͳ˧У
ţ
ʲôǻȪʼħڵĳϣ
һɫ׵һǵسĦݿ˷ӶһĦݿ˵ĴţЦһǻȪʼħڵĦݿ˶ô˵㣬˵ų϶ó¶кպʥ
ĦݿЦ棬û뵽ԼԶէİħ嶼š
ߣȻǻȪʼħڵĳϣǣҲܹ߲ϿȡΪͳ˧´ֳֻͨƵİħ壬ܹ߲ϿȣԱʲôݣʲôΪ׼̤߲Ͽһ
ͷһֲĿ˵
Ħݿ˲ɵɫ䣬лңʲôֻаħܹ߲Ͽȣû뵽ħСˮ©Գ롣
Ħݿ޴ĵڣ׵ʱĦݿ˵ԺĦݿ˶ʱǰһһһöͨƸ˳ݸͷˣҵͨơ
ţȻҲͨƣ
ͷӹͨƣʼϸϸӦܣֻͨǰħУΪȪʼħڵĳϣΪλͨƣ
ĦݿæŶҵöͨƣɺڼͳҮĦ򽻸ҵġί߲Ͽȣͳ˧Ҫ֮¡
ڼͳҮĦ򽻸ģ
ͷһЩɵؿĦݿˣΪʲôԼ
Ħݿ˱һССãЩͷʱɫ৵һ䣬ͺȣ룡һССȻ˶£Ѿʾͨƣ㻹ٰӣҪǻ˴£е𣿡
˵ţһʥĿֲѹϯ£ѹȵͷĿԴϢɫǺ죬㣬Ҫʲôס֡ʥ£ͷĿȻЩ֧Ųסȡ
ͬʱؿڴһش󺺣еһƽ޸ƺҲע⵽һͷһСĺڻͷɱ



1326 
𡭡
ֻһĻХһͷξ޴İħͷ˵Ħݿ˵ǰ͹ɱڡ
ħϣһŻƽ޸İش󺺣һԻĿɨӶ£ĦݿˣĦݿ˶Щ
ö˵Űħİش󺺣ǰħĺڻˣ
ô£
ڻӸ£ʡ
Ħݿ̧ͷĿֱźڻ޾ɫ
ʴˣҪҪͳ˧ʾһöͨơǻȪʼħڵĳϣͳ˧µĽɣǲ׼̤߲Ͽһġԡ
ͷĿһڻʱҵĹǣӵؽľ
ûͷĿѻ˵꣬ʵĺڻͲͷػ˻֣һԻĿͶĦݿˣ㾿кҪ£Ҫͳ˧ɣȸңҾбҪٰתͳ˧
Ħݿ˲мһЦʵѹ¹شһڻȻٰѯʣҲʹ󷢴ȱ͸¶һڷ硣
һ٣ܵ˫бŷ⣬ĦݿӶ˵ڼͳҮĦˣͳʵĻȪʼħڵӣڹ۪ǹű֮ⷢһѪɫң׷ɱѪɫĹУһؾ
˻
䣬ڳİħ壬ʥĺڻȫһ
Ѫɫ
վ˵壬Ȼƽ˪Ҫ߳һεĴڣ
û뵽ȻڳߵϣѪɫĴڣ
ʲôǷѪɫҵһؾ
ڻʵһԻĿУʱһĨ⣬һʱʶζʲô
һѪɫðħˣû뵽ȻһѪɫؾ
ϲռ䱦ýֺͷܹѪɫؾǶôмֵˣ
û뵽ųϻܹ˱أ
˵ǰħڹŻߵ֮󣬾ʹѹβƱѰؾϧŻߵ򣬸ûжٱأǳ١Ψһмֵģ߲Ͽеؾ
ϧͳ˧ץס˳һһ̫ϳ֮ҹ̱ƹû͸¶һͳ˧ǳŭû뵽һϢˡ
ڻһϲʵѪɫʲô磿Σ
Ħݿüͷһ֣Щͷ˵Ҳ͸¶ģڼͳҮĦһںڼܾڴѪɫӳ졣ǣҮĦʵҲ֧Ų˶ʱ䣬ԣұͳ˧ͳ˧ɱؾ
ڻ˼ص˵ͷͳ˧ڱչأǳ֮ԻתǡȻˣΪ˲սھʹһǰ󣡡
ʻеĻƽ޸һȲ
Ħݿ˶ʱЩȴ׵ָ
ܿ죬׵ָʾ£ĦݿĿζؿڻʣˡðֱԡ¹ش󣬿˵ˣҸϢֻǱɽһǡҲ۾жٱأƾʵȥҲǱˮнı䲻ʲô
ԾԾԵʶʱϢһϣҧҪЩԶԡ
ȻˣҲ޼ƿʩˡ
ҡҡͷͳ˧ƶ½ɣ׼̤߲ϿһգǴ컨׹ӿҲܹȥ˵ţһӣ¾Ҫԭ·ء
һ˵ڤ粻飬Ħݿû뵽߲Ͽ˼ѡ
ͬʱڱеһ˵ȣҲΪ߿֡
ϴҪɴĦݿ˽ƨڻһƫԶ֮أֱӽնɱһٱһ׻ԣ˵ֲ֧ԮͷͲٶˡ

ڻǲñͨдҹҡͷ̾Ϣ
ѵҪѡˣ
Щʡ
һ취
һ뵽һԣһĦݿˡ
Ħݿ˵õ׵ָʾ֮һӱ׵еõһöСƬƬͨѪ죬̺һŨѪζȻѪɫıۡ
ȵȣ
Ħݿ˴
ڰħ֮ϵĺڻתͷĦݿˡ
ĦݿɣٿʣҮĦ׷ɱѪɫĹУնһƬۣƬ͸㣬һǱл⣬ҲΪ֤Է顣
ţ
Ѫɫıۣ
һԻĿڿѪɫ۵ĵһʱ䣬ϲ񣬻æĦݿ˵нӹۣУ档



1327 
һ˫¶̰֮ɫĦݿ˾ͰЦ
׻˵ˣࡣֻҪȱ㣬ͿԶ֢ҩ
ʵϣİħ壬ǳ̰ԭǳ򵥣ħ棬Դĵر滨ݡ޷ڵʱᲢۡ
˵棬һԪħûһƷʥļֵߡ
ɴ˿ɼħжôƶ
ʣԷ˰ɣ
Ħݿ˵һЦŰֻҪ㾡ҽ߲Ͽȣͳ˧³֮ͳ˧ͣһġ
˫һŽɵؿĦݿˡ
ʱ˿̣ѾȫĦݿ֯Ļˡһ˵ĦݿҪͽ𣬶ʱ
ھͿѪģʱõ˺һ㡣Ħݿ˼׳һն
ãһԿһޣ
ʼԥؾʹӦĦݿˣԳ߲ϿȵĹͷڲӶȥ
ͷͷĿһɵ̼죬ؽʻ˶ӡ
úڻʵ֮£Ħݿ˳ͨ˹ͷ߲Ͽڲ
Ħ֣߲ϿȣҪϸѲģı綼ҪһԵЩȽھһˣ
ڻЦĦݿ˳ϿȵشӶȥ
߲Ͽȣ߰ǧ﷽ԲΧٲﻨ㣬һԴ
˻
ʵĻĦݿ˲ɵųһ亹
ڲһ˵ȣҲһ¡
û뵽߲ϿȣȻҪ֮ϸ飬ʿΪ˽ı綼ܹŹûܿԡ
ЦĦݿ˵ıУһˣŽǧһˡ
ҪǱʸˣ̾Ҫ쾯ݣĦݿ뱦ڲһ˵ȸϾɱ
Ħݿ˵ıڲ
Ǻգҿţǲܹӹһ٣
ҹӿЦ
һͼһԪħ壬ıڲӶϢؽ߲Ͽȡû뵽ǰħˣֳͨƣҪ߲ϿȣҪϸ顣ҿû˳ܻһԪħ壬ĻѰ·ˣ
һп
ô˵Ƕһ١ڵĴȻǳգҪһ߲֮Сͨ˼һԺо͸˸ָͷ
硣
ʣʵ·С£ҪһӾ͹ˡĦݿЦ
Ҫ߲ϿϢնɱʥĺڻǲܵ顣
ǣһͨİħҪ׵öࡣ
ϧĦݿ·ĦݿЩձĸоˡ
ϾĦݿ˿ɲϣͳ˧ʱһ¶ţԱҴˡ
²ĦݿˣͬڲһˣһһˣҪΪ֮ᡣ
ĦĻ
ڰħϵˬʴЦһϣܹͳ˧ǰԼ䣬ͬأ
ĦݿһвɿЦ
ò˵̰޶ȣĦݿһͽ𻹲ȻͬѪɫڵؾѹˮ
ãá֮Ͱˡ
Ħݿ˵һЦӦڵԪȴڰ߶Ż
û취ͼ߲Ͽնɱڻʣǲ̫ʵģΨһİ취һЩʵע⣬ӶŻȡҵؾڣ֪ضС
治ʱ򡣡
ԶԶһϿشһ߲ʹű߲ʹűĴɭϣЩźҡҡͷͳ˧Ҫ˵ȣһɲ߶šҲ֪ʲôʱܹءҪȸ㰲һסʱţҾ˽Ϣͳ˧
Ħݿһ޷أû뵽͸Ħݿһľѻᡣ
ȻޱϲãȻװʮֽƣô£ʵѣҲ֪̬ǳܹ顭ûĦݿ˵Ļ˵꣬ʾһҡҡ֣˵㷢һأİɱ˳ǣΣڵϦգͳ˧֣ܳ
ĦݿüͷһЩȡ
ΪʲôͲҪٸˣ֪Խ٣˵ҲԽáʵ˵ŲһתĦݿ˳߲ϿΧشһͥԺȥ
Ħݿ˹ԹԱ죬ٶԡ
ڲ
ȴһЦ˫΢΢ûв´ħͳ˧֮޷Ӧйأ



1328 ˮ
䣬ĦݿںڻʵĴ£߲ϿΧһͥСԺ
˵ͥСԺҲŶԺﰲʯʯʣ䴦һԴ񣬼ŵ㲻֪ҰȻ
Ħ֣԰꣬ڴԺƬ̡ǰűͳ˧
Ħݿ˹˹֣ˡ
ಣ
ʺ˼䣬˲ڿն𣬳߲Ͽشһ߲ʹűӶȥ
ͥСԺУʱֻʣĦݿһˡ
ˡ
ĦݿңʵӰʧæеס
ڲ
ǰ֪ؾںδתͷ뷢԰׵ϡ
һ㶣΢΢ҡͷתѯʵ櫡
Զھǵٲ·
׵˵ͷԾָĦݿˣؾ
櫵ͷӦĦݿͨĦݿָ·
ಣ
ಣ
ĦݿϢһ·ͿշУԳǵٲڴӶȥ
һ·֮ϣĦݿĵо඼Ҫɤ۸ˡ
Ͼ߲ϿȣѾȫݣΪ˰ħܲĦݿ˵һһпܱ˲ɱ֮
Ħݿ˸ԼĪһյĹ˳˵·ٲڡ
䣡
¡¡
ֱǧߣٲӿȵ̶֮У¡¡죬Ʊˡ
ɽȥ櫵쳹Ħݿ˵Ժ
ಡ
Ħݿ˵ûԥԳٲ˶ȥ
һһµٲ֮УĦݿ˾͸оȫۣƤĤƺҪըһ̶ֳȵĴĦݿʥ˵ֵһᡣ
ţ
Ȼж죿
Ħݿ˳˲ˮٿػȻʣǰһټҶĦݿ˵ʶҶز̽һ֮󣬾ûзκε쳣
ȫʲôؾ
ߣǳȥ
櫵ڱ
ಣಣ
£櫡סһˣԼһλϣλֳֿɽ޸׳ȫƾմĦݿ˵ıϯ
ˢˢˢ
̼䣬סֵ˵ʶҶɨӣͼҵؾڡ
ϧûʲôرķ֡
׷ѹˡ
΢΢һЦ߲Ͽܹ߸ؾÿһؾΪأֻҳһĻϵˣܹҵڡ˵ţ˫գдʣһööϵķģϵشӵ櫵з
ǣǡ
ܿ죬ܶеĵϣ측ֳһϵķģ֣ջû۳һͭţ˵ǰ
档
һпҵѰۣûܲ쳣
ߣǽȥ
֡
˲ҳɣһԵӿ֮ͭС
Ħݿˡ
תͷĦݿˣ񣬾ھܵıȫԼһһʶܶУʱ㱣ֹͨĦݿ˹񣬡ˡ
׵˵ͷһΣؾ֮С
¡¡¡¡
ͭɢûɹϷģܶĵ֮С
ҿٲ·󣬷ĻͭŹرյľ죬һħ塣
ৣ
Ħݿ˼ûκεĳɣһΣʹӷµٲϯΪ죬ȫµûմȾˮ
ڳٲĵһʱ䣬Ħݿ˾Ϣһ·ͿշУŶϷһͥСԺȥ
վס
˭룬ûĦݿ˳ִͥСԺһըװıֱŵĦݿ˻ɢһŵѭתͷ
ǡȪʼħڵˣ
ȫۼ׵ĻĿɨĦݿˣ䷢ʣ˵Ϊ˽߲ϿȣĪ췴
Ħݿ֣ᣬȫᡣҪҪͳ˧Ǻڻʴҽġ˵ţĦݿָָԶһͥСԺһǾҵס
λۼ׵ңһԶͥСԺ΢΢ͷƬ򣬵ȷʵĹϽءʣԽԽû·ˣȻ˸߲Ͽ
ҡҡͷбһĦݿˣţ߲ϿҰħĻҪصأܹйĵطû
Ħݿͷǡ
λۼ׵Ħݿˣ뿪
Ħݿ˷߷ߵ³һ߹ȻҲҶҴСУڿǻȪʼħڵ˵ˣЩΪħŵӸеֵ
΢΢̾ϢһĦݿһ̲ͣسԶͥСԺӶȥҲóȻ̤벽
Ըͳ˧չصʱԽԽãҪȻҿɲұ֤ҵĻԣܹĦݿ˫ֺʮ



1329 
߲ʹű֮⣬ɭϡ
ڻһͷħ壬˹ű⡣
վס
ͷ£Ȼһħ˿̿ڻʣͷħһ޵صʣʣ˷ǰΪ£ѵ㲻֪ͳ˧ޱȽҪĹͷݲһ߶ţ
ͷ΢΢һЦʦ֣Ҫͳ˧ˣʮ𼱣
ɣ
ûһĳɡ
ҷģԲ߶ͳ˧ֻܹڴ⣬ţͳ˧һܹӦġһ
㡭
һ㶣һ΢΢ͷ׼ʣʦܣϣܹףǰħ˷壬Ϊ£Ҷǳڤ޵ڤ޵棬ºպսдһƬɽǡ
ְأ⵽ͳ˧𷣣»صڤ޵̾ͻᱻţ
ɫƵʡ
ʦ̵ֽǣʦġʹ첽˴⣬ڵأ˫ֺʮһصԼһǻ֮УŴڲͳ˧ܹӦõ
űڲǧɳİħڵأΪһĵ񡣲֪ˣֻΪǹ񹤵Ʒʵϣڲ֮ǰǾİħ
ÿһħӵһɲĿֲϢǧ硣
ڲһؾС
һͭײģؾڲɣϣ⼣߰ߡһبžԶаϢ
˾ǣͭײĵΧһյյɫĳƣĹֶ£ͭײӳɭɭ
ʱ׵ħͳ˧ŽţͭŹ׻裬Уƹ죬̬аֹص赸һçĴеζ
֨֨
ͳ˧УͭŹƺܵεٻͻأطһ
ţײİһɲϢӿƺһͷħȲҪͭŹгһ
ҮĦ顭
ͳ˧еᶨΧĳžžΪ֮Ϩ

ؾڲ
֮ͭ󣬵櫡һˣܿͷһɭ֮ͨУһƬڣǰԶһͭţֻ֮ǰвͬͭŵ벿λȻһڰͼģĹϷġ
ô£
üͷһ
ǳһƬߣ߲ϿеߴؾҳһΪıأȻҪƱ档
΢΢һЦߴؾλãֻǻһĵϵˣ֪ңҪУҪлѪС˵ţһڰͼģĹϷ֮ϡ

ӵ櫵ӿһѪ˲Ϸġ
¡¡
ܿ죬ͭžһ¡¡пһɴ۵İ׹ۡ
ߡ
櫵һ޾İ׹֮УתͶֻ̥ء
׽
֡ҹˣһԥҲ
һλϣش󺺣Ҳ׷ײڲ
˴Ӱ׹Ĵ̼𽥻ָ֮ӡһƬޱ޼ʵɽȥһڲã֮ϣһ磬ĸо
Ũһһ󾪺û뵽ؾֻгһĻϵ˲֪ʥĳ϶޴֪
ؾͬ죬ѰʦˣܹһۿŴ
ҹһɽһզп

վԭأһʱЩš
λ
ĿɿڴģƺΪ⣬Цһһȵɽλȥ
ܹʮоʮС
һȥʩչѰۣһʱͽؾе̽һ
ò˵ؾе׵𺳷ǳô
˵Դ̤Ԫ֮󣬾͵õһרط˲
˲˼壬ҪѪɫս
ϧһѪɫѾ׶괢һգ޷ڶѪɫ
ʱУթ˽ǧ裬ӦܹڶѪɫһֱûҵᡣ
˭룬׾ȻؾУҷʮУžʮС
Ƕô޴ջ



1330 Ŵսū
ʩչѰۣһ۾ͿؾеѰľƷ
һ֧Ѫɫˡ
΢һƷĸҲ԰Ѫɫ
ٴһƷСܹͬһѪɫ
˵ؾеܹȫռΪУô׺ܹܿѪɫ
ҴӽԴ㣬Ҳõȱ㹻޷Ѫɫˡ
ѪɫսвҲµѪɫ油

ҡҡͷ׵һЦԺзӵͷ׳⡣
ô˵ؾеڳһģס
ܼܲ⣬ɱ˶ᱦգ
һгҲͰˣ׾Բġ
񣬳һͬһӪһĻϵ櫣뼧÷Ȼǣ⣬룬ֵܷĿ
Ƕҵ·ߣ߶ˡؾеŲҪĵشסһ
˷׷ųһڵһСıεƸų⡣
ܿ죬߹հƣ˾Χɵһɽ֮С
ȥɽɽˮ㣬һȪˮɢƢķҷȪˮԣһߵɫֲȭͷСĹӣɢŹҩе
ö˵ȪˮǴ˵еȪˮˡ
ߵֲϹŵȭͷСĹӣǴ˵ܹһжʥ
쿴ӦþʥȪˮ˰ɣ
һСУһȵط˶¡
ϣ
˭룬ûȼ񿿽ʥȪʥһͻأشżķٴ˴֮УȻһɫĳì
ţ
͵Ϯ
ֽһ͵ش߶Ԫһɱ죬׼صļơ
ŵóһ빫櫣׷׳ǰ
֣Ҫ֣
״һ̺üĤ˲ƽࡣ
ȪˮʥսūػŵģֻӵгһʼѪˣܹߢ
æǧڴ˶䣬һʥȪˮݻˣǿɾˣ
εͷһڨЦ
ٺ٣ˣֻǷǳ棬ȲҪһΪ죬ҲŲҪռʥȪˮأһᣬæ
ڳһλϣĿ⸴ӵؿɫ֮Щ衣
üЩĸо
һΣԲ־ôһСڵƢԣλǰҪ֣
׳ԲλϷ׷Ц˵û¡
ò˵׵ӾǴ
ʵϣĿǰʵӲģһҲǶ֡˵ˣ׶ڳһǶɽͬĸȻܹס
սūա
櫿һۼֿһףΪ˻գٻսū
ৡ
ʱӾɽ֮ϣӰʥսūϢᡣ
Ÿսū˵Ѿ˼꣬ؾػ񡣡
΢΢һЦȻܹʹǰҵ־£ǣΪлʼѪͳҲ˺ҡ
ԣס֡ҹ˷׷զࡣ
û뵽ؾоȻоŸʥսūǳһ洫ػؾʹߡ
ײЩսūˣҪĳͻ
櫣ժʥλϷ£Ҳýλڵڤƶ΢΢һЦ
櫵˵ͷǰִӰߵֲϲժȭͷСʥλ뷢԰׵ǰݸλϡ
ʥһǧܹһŹʵͨ˵ֻлһĵϵˣʸáūεºܰ
ʥǵˮžžવ
λϴԲӡ
æȰοʥ˵ǻ崫챦λΪһߣܴʥӦңһΣڵϦҪλԮһء
ã
ãҧҧ櫣ģλūսɳҲԲؿųһ屻ħϾɱģ
˵ţеĳʥһ˿С
ϣҲԵʥС
£λ뷢԰׵ĳϥʼȫҩڵڤƶ
ʥȻϡȻҪһǧŽһŹʵһ꣬˵ʥܹһжһܹƽԪϴ跥߸ԣ
λϣ̷ʥ֮󣬷ǵܹڤƶţңܹԼĸԣ츳Ǳһһδ
ҹп



1331 
ΪȻصͷǣȷˣ櫱츳ѪȻǳڣҪһܹ֮ھΪϲңǳȪˮԼһʥԵʡ
Ŷ
üͷһ˫˸˸Ź⣬˵λǰľΪƽʥ۷徳硣˷̷һöʥھǱǣпܻһٷ龳簡
Զλһİ׳ɿЦҡҡͷ龳ɲô̤ģһǧʥܹһͻƿ̤龳磬Ѿʵѵˡ
λϣѾֹʥü꣬ƾһöʥͼ̤龳磬ǲ̫׵ġ
λһ׳ʮʵ
֡ҹͷ
ȷôһ¡
ԵˣдССĻԵܹС磬ĻԵпͻƿһ󾳽磬ڣӰпܡ
ʥλһĳ˵ȷһԵǣܷ԰˳̤龳磬һδ֪
ԣ׵һЦԵг񣬡Ǻǣڣһ԰λͻʥ磬Ϊ龳֣
δ䣬λһİ׳ȫ΢΢һһŹֵؿס
ǷôĿ
תȪˮԣһƺװһȪˮ
ƺȻֻаƴ󣬵ȴԴһǧľˮңھƺеľˮ۶೤ʱ䣬ʣڣɫζ
λѡ
櫽ƺݸ񣬡ҵһ⣬ȪˮܹԴԴϵȡһܹһǧȪˮ͸ǣҲһ΢⡣
һ㶣֣ɣԲɡǴ˷ԮΪնħеҲΪ˱ļ԰ɲΪ˳û٣թǳһıأ
ҹҲΪ
һΣվԭأƬ̺һҧ촽תֽʥժ׵ǰ壬ڳһɽöʥΣҪ¡
˵ţӲǽöʥ׵С
ײɵôʧɫʹãʥһǧܹһʵ̫ˣҲҪ׽Դҡһ˹ġ
壬ͲҪƴˣƴǣΪһĹˣ
зᣬһĿƺײʥΪһ塣
һ΢΢̾ϢҲãҾʱΪܡһӣֱӽöʥ˱С
һʥһ˫ˮӶʱгתеľƺݸ˼
ͷһβûôƴǣһǧȪˮ
櫣΢΢һЦһУ櫻ǰͳһƿҵĻһҪ¡˵ţɷ˵ֱӽƿݸ˵櫡
λǰһͻ龳Ļᣬг
˼šƿƿʱһƢȫˬ׹ɾ֮С
ţŨ
櫶ʱΪˣŵ۾⡭⾿ʲôĵرҳô󣬻ûм˳ԣȪˮ
Ȫ
һƣ컯ɾеõĻԵÿһȪ̥ǣλǰʥ̷һȪͻƿ̤龳磬ֻʱˡ
˻
䣬ڳĳˣȫһԼĶ䡣
͸櫵Ļ񣬾ȻȪ
δҲ̫ˣ
ѹָղŽڣλ϶кܴĻ̤龳磬ԭԭ򣡡
ţŽҲ̫ˣȻȪʹȪļֵҪʥҪö࣡
λһ׳һ𾪵ؿס
û뵽׻еûչֱֳһ
壬ҡҲܹĻ񡭡
櫵ʹͷƿͻףĻʵ̫ˣǳһ屾ͿǷ飬ĺѰ˵ﻰͳöʥʱﻹЩ᲻õģֻûбֳˡ
˭룬׵Ļ񣬾Ȼȵ櫵Ҫʮٱ
õߺ޲һطȥ
ֻȪˣʲô
׵һЦֻҪܹλǰ̤龳磬ֵ˵ˣϾλǰܹ̤龳磬ҲһϢ



1332 ״
УʵڲС
Ž壬ǳһɽͬĸǱѸмʵڲٽ˹صˣ
Ǻ˲ӣڰ׵ĺɪɪ
֡
ʱҹǰЦףڽԪ֮󣬲ǵõһոµط˲ôֻҪӵ㹻裬ͿѪɫ㲻ֻһѪɫβһף
üͷһ΢΢һЦ
û뵽ҹȻ뵽һȥˡ
֮˿󷽣һ֣ͽȪʹȻԵɵġ
ؾеľʮС׿ȵĺܣ޲̽ռΪСֻһǿҲһֱûʲôὫ˵
ҹǰһæˡ
ʲôܹ˵еѪɫ
ѪɫһмΪϡ壬ȱ˪ƽһεĴڣôܹó
λ׳ȫһɵؿס
΢΢һЦһӣʱһѪ
𡭡
ֻһ춯صХһǧɳѪɫƾճڸ߿֮ϣצҡػΣؾƺΪ֮
ৡ
ʱλڳһ׳ȫĿؿ߿еѪɫöûܷӦ
ǺǣѪɫ壬ֻһ״̬µѪ
һƣ˼䡣
ϣϣϣϣ
ʱһֱػʥΧľŸսū͵һеǹɱڵؿŸ߿߮ѪɫѪɫΪ
İ塮Ѫ
һզп׵ʮֵĸӡ
˵櫵츳Ѫڳһǳ͵Ĵڡǣųһһ˵˵Ҫࡣ
ǡ
ûмס񡢶ҹ֮ǰһֱΪԼڷһöʥҳȪˮ£Ѿܹ콾һϸˡ
ϧڣڼʶ׵ı֮󣬵ظоԼ뷨жôĿЦ
׵ľΪƿصķս衢ū͡˵ǰԵĹ櫣ȫһǴ
õ櫶Щˡ
Ƕ׵ľ塣
ֻԪף˿ֲʵ׽ɵһգ廹˭ܹѹһͷ
𡭡
ܵŴսūİɱѪɫη壬צؾžŴսū˶ȥƺҪһ¡

׵ͺһѪɫʱԴ˳ػûΪһѪ⣬׵ı챦С
櫡
׳ŵºһЦ֪һЩһϣܹһסеȪ㽻
䣬λ׳ȫɫ䣬Ŀ⸴ӵؿס
壬һҪ㽲ؾܹʮоؾĺɣƻȻĻؾķˮᱻݻ١ȪˮݽߣʥĹҲԴ
һؿס
˵ʵڵģǷĵغ׻⣬ˡ
һһܷȫؾһδ֪
µǣ׺пܻԵĳһΪδóһһ˿ϣ˲𣬵ʱ򣬳һ»壬ͷ
ԣζҵס
ǣؾǳһ崫Ĺؾ׳Ϧ֮һ˵ʲôܴӦ
櫣ġҿɲǼİǡ
׵һЦ˵һĵ񣬡ؾеʮоʮغˮƻƻ˾ؾķˮһƻʮͬΣСпҲ޷Сˣ
ΪѰʦоǳ̡˿̽Լ渵˵õͷ
壬˵û
櫼صͷ˵ʮƻġǣʣľСȴǿȫ͸ģϣ㲻Ҫ
һϣؿס
׵ͷһЦС˵ѾǳˡСȫѪɫ櫣Ըף
ͦͦΰ˫壬ȻԸ⡣ʵϣֻҪ븨ûƻÿһǧ꣬ؾоͻһС
֡ҹˣɵõһ



1333 ߿
ûϵؾÿһǧܹ꣬һС
ֱǻ½𵰵ĸ
ѹֳһڼƶϣһȻܹʳǣϢԭ಻Ϊ֪ء
櫣ٸȪΪ
״һӣͳһƿ
˵컯ɾУܹõϰٵȪǣǰǰҲķ˲٣ʣȪҲֻʮΣҲòʼԼ
ǣܹȡС׻Ƿǳġ
Ͼ㹻׾ܹѪɫ׵ʵǷǳаġ
뿴ܵΧʱһ֣ٻ˰˵еѪɫǶô׵ĳ
һ룬Ѫ
УС
΢ҡ׵飬ΣҶܹҪˡ˵ʥС㻻ȡȪǻռ˱˵ġ˵ˣǳһɽýȫ͸Ŷԣ
׵һЦƿ뻳УҲǿ
ˣҾץʱ䣬С뱦ˡ͵𣬳ؾΧشӶȥ
ҹ֡ӶЦȫһȲģס
ಣಣ
׽̤ӡʱ䣬˳ִؾΧشһӣһ糱İϯ˲һС

ڲӨ裬׼ѣȲؽһ뱦ڲ
¡¡
¡¡
ֻһ춯صﳤľСգ۵Ĺ䣬ƾʧؾĵƽ֮ϡ
ͬʱ׵ı챦ڲ
¡¡
ﳤС׹ޱ޼ʵĽɫ֮УһɾΡ
𡭡
˵𶯣еѪɫˣ͵ˮžС˶ȥ
ء
̺ܵİʱѪɫʱ಻סſѪڣҪ̳ԣա
ס֣
ըװıƽŵѪɫһ£æһӣ֮Уʧ١
ѪɫǱҪǵƻҶȻġ
쳹硣
ţһ£
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
̼䣬ɽѵı쳹ҡػΣ˻С׵Ĵ߶£ȫ鿪۳һŨһ׹ش
ͨ
ͨ
ܿ죬߿ӴѪɫ࣬ƾڽɫĺϣţʾʢ
Ǻǣ̫ˡҪ˶ãܹѪɫˣ
ܵڲײɵЦƲסü
ˢ
ڣ׳³һ͵شٳشӶȥ
һ£
һҪĵش顣
Ȼûȵɶݣ׵ӰζɲǼ䣬ͳ˵ǰ
㣿Ŀؿס
֮ǰҴ·ʱѾ·ˡһЦ
櫲ɵûȻ
֣ô
һشǰ
ҹҲ۰Ͱ͵ס
Ҫ˶ãҾܹѪɫѪػһȭͷ
ʱֵʵֽһɳ죬ԶԶؽǸ˦ں棡
ֿЦϲƱʲôʱǲֵܹĽŲۣ
ϴ󣬵ʱҲҪŪһɳ֮ǰǿľһðѪɫŷɳ϶ǳ磡˷ܵؽ
Цŵ˵ͷ

ʱһֱϾ˵λ뷢԰׵ĳϣ½˫ϹһĨЦ⡣
ϣ
˳ϣ
ųϣ
λֳֿɽ޸İش󺺣һλ˫æǰȥ꺮ůôˣڵڤƶ𣿡
ܵλеĿ⣬ϡ˳ϡųλ߲ɵһЦ˵ͷ
ʥȻ鴫ڷ֮ڵڤƶѾܿʧˡ
û뵽⼸Ϲͷܹػƻð
զп
ϣڵ״ָ̬ôˣһֳ־޸׳ʵ
ԣҡҡͷȻѾ˳ڤƶǣÿһ˶ǳҪôȪˮָܹԪ



1334 ˼
ͷҪָܹ۷״̬
һƶϵҲҪһصʱ䡣Ͼһ˵̫ˣǷȪˮҲҪָܹ۷״̬
ʲô
櫲ɵʧҪʱ䣬ָܹʹ櫵ĿеƿʱһЦǰȥλϣǿʲô
֣ƿƿšݵλϵǰ
ʱһŨķҷϮƢ
λ˵ߣɵȫˬëſоȫůغòڡ
ţʲôȪˮȻ̺Ũ
櫣ô˱ģ
λȫʧɫһ˼ؿ櫡
֮ǰλ뷢԰׵ߣڷʥ֮Ϊ˾ƶ˷ҩԽʶȫעؽˣνһ֪
񿴵еƿȫɶͷԡ
Ǵ˵еȪǽ컯ɾеõı櫾
˻
λϲɵ𾪵Ըӡ
ȪȻ˴ıһޱϡ
ȪȻǽĶΪλһ졣
ŽĻ񣡡
Цٻ⣬һǧȪˮöʥ廻ģһģ⣬˵ˣλϣڸԷһöʥ֮ÿ˵츳Ǳȫõ˷ǳʱܹһȪкܴļʣܹٳ߸ͷһ龳硣
ʣ
һɫŰ࣬ǳ櫣δҲ̫֪ػˡǳһ壬νɽͬĸöʥһȪˮл⣬ӦõģȻջ񣡡
׵ǣ񣬱Ҫʮٱֹһɸֵصŵ櫡
櫵ʹͷСһ䣬һСһ͸š
ʲôС
һŭɶʣǻʣ櫣ΪһĹȻСȻ˼һϸ㣬ֻǽΪ͵ȵС͸ˣǶҪȫԽȫ͸
ǡ
櫸Ҫ⣬ȴ˳ϴϣʲôǣľҲˣǳһפĳǣѾˣؾеҪħ֡˰ħ壬͸壬ϾǳһνɽǳһܷѪϣڽϡ
ֻҪʮȫ뱦УͲӰȪˮʥųϵͷ͡
䣬֡ҹˣɵһϲ
λϵ˼ƺ׼ؾе͸ס
ֻҪƻĲ֣ôشȪˮʥҲܵӰ졣
ңң
λǰǵˣҶȻܼ⣬ѲƣҪȻŽװܻλǰҪɷˣ
׹
ŽţЩϹͷΪȻĿýɣȸ۷
壬ǳһܹɹ˽٣سΪĴӵ
λ뷢԰׵ߣضס
ͷЦ
λϣ콫Ȫհգȡܹͻƿ̤龳硣ʱǵʵͽ԰ħͳ˧Ҳһݵ櫴ߴһ
ãã
ϴӵ櫵нӹƿɫޱȵׯ࣬ƺԵĲһȪڳݴ˵еˡ
ܿ죬λ뷢԰׵ߣȫһȪʼһ̲ͣȪ֮Уɢǵӫ⣬ûһӫ֣סλߡ
ΪȪԵʣؾеŨ̶ȣƺƾһΡ
һ˵ȣҲϥص״̬
ˡ
ʱһһİش󺺣յ׵ǰһЦʣѪɫҪòܹΪ״̬
ͨ˵ǷǳƳģ£ԽǸ߽׵壬ԪԽڵڵʱ䣬Ҳǳ
Ȼ˵ٴѪɫǣҪüܹ꣬Ѫɫ״̬Ǵ۾̫ˡ
ϾʱڵѪɫսޣҪķѴ
ԣһƣһЦǸİ壬һУ壬ͬġһ٣׳ĿУ׾򵥵˵ҵѪɫһǳ壬ң侳ΪҴͬһˮƽߣ



1335 ħ
˻
׳һ˼صһ
ѪɫȻȫҪľΪһѾǳˣ
ңΪֲǣİѪһΪ״ͬһˮƽߣ
ζʲô
һ£ףԪ쾳硣һѪɫôܹ̾õԪѪɫΪս裡
Ҫ֪ѪɫսͬУǾǳ͵Ĵڡ
ʱ򣬹ǰѪɫĴڣ׾Ժɨͬʿˡ
ʱһţÿһÿһ룬ǣġ
߲ϿΧһƫƧͥСԺڲ
Ħݿ˱˫֣ȹϵһصŷ
Ҳ֪ڵôˣǳһλϣǷɹڵڤƶˣ
ԸǺڻʲҪôͼͳ˧ĻҿɾڵϦˣ
Ħݿ˰档
ˢˢ
ʱӰĦݿ˵ͥСԺ֮С
ţ
ǣĦݿĿתƣɫۼ׵ۼ
ģ㵽߶˽ɡ
λۼĿضĦݿˣͺ۾һ
ʲô
ҵģĦݿһ㶣ʱüͷпһ
һĦݿһЦӻͳһλѣ˻ȪʼħڵĳϣһЧϵİħ塣Ͳ˰գң߲ϿڲǰħĴӪҶȻҺΪǿҪͨͨڣ
Ħݿ˽еĲݸλۼ
ž
ۼһƽĦݿ˵ĲȷɣĦϣء𲻱Ҫᣡ
ĦݿƤһҧҧ
ģһۼĴͳ죬˹ڼңʵ̽˿ڷ磬ҪһĦݿ߬ȭͷ֪Լ֮ǰ߲ϿʱڻʵĶԻˡ
ֻҪۼͳҪ̽飬׾ܹ³һ
Ħݿ˵һһȻͼı졣
ϧĦݿ˵ۼȻʵһ㣬ȴܻ¸ְءĻۼͳһ֣һɱۡ
ұ˸ˣҪ߶ǳѣ÷ǳ⣡
Ħݿ˼öͷֱð
Ҫ֪ؾеһ˵ȣ׼Ħݿ˵ıУӳ߲ϿȡĦݿʧȥɣôһجġ
ͬʱڲüͷһ壬ɫѿ
Ϊ˲ӰΧ˵ײûг
ܿ죬һһҹȥˡ
֡
˫һƵؿףλڵڤƶѾˣǲӦ취ӳ߲Ͽˣܾܲλ̤龳ɣϾ߲ϿѾħռˣǰħĴӪÿһÿһ룬ǳΣգ
ҹΪȻص˵ͷ
΢΢ϵҡҡͷżڻõʱ֮ǰĦݿ˵߶Ѿ˰ħľۼһһҸûлٻԣҪӳ߲Ͽȣôӳ飡
ʲô
Ħݿ˱ۼˣ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫʧһɥҪѿжѿ
ģûĦݿˣƾǵʵҪǿд߲Ͽȣǲܵ飡һͳ˧ע⣬Ʊؽһ٣
ҧüͷ塣
ǵ͹˰ħľԣ̫ˡ֪߲Ͽ⣬֪ͨ壬ɱŭ졣
ڱԹѾûˣλǾԵΪΪӭǵսǳϾ
׳
壬ԲǳһǡСصǸ
һЦ˻֣γԣ԰ħʱ򣬱һϵƣͬʹࡣ
櫸мؿһס
ʱҴţÿһ˶ֶ롣
һ죬죬졭
ת֮䣬ȥˡ
һգʡ߲Ͽȵڲһؾ֮Уͳ˧ԻһͭŹף裬УƹŹ֣̬ſ̺һ˿ĵζ
˾ǣټһؾʱ˿̣ѾŨħȫ֡ħ֮Уһͭײľҵòţײİͣ
֨֨
ڣײİһ̶ĦУ򿪣Ȼһֻɭɭ׹ħצ
衭
ͬʱһ춯صħϯ죬ǧ磬һͷԶŶħҪ
ɡɹˣ
ͳ˧ʱͣ赸һ˷Īصͭײԡ



1336 ı
ؾУһλϣԴӸԵõһȪ֮ȫ۾ţž콫Ե״̬۷״̬ڣһͻʥ۷徳ƿ̤龳硣
һ˵ȣüͷ壬˼֮ߡ
ǧټƵǱ߲Ͽȣû뵽Ȼ֮ҹ̾ӣҪӳ죬ɾͲˡ
ϾһȵĶҹҲЩ̼ˡ
ֽе罣أڴĦšնĽ⣬һĲ
ڷֽ˵޹ؽҪֻҪнһ
֮£Щûûˣأŵ͸һȪˮ˹˺ȸû꣬лϵզпȪˮˬڣȰҪˣ
˵ţһݺݹһȪˮȫ̹ƺҪ
һĻòԶһ׳ĬĬһĭһĽʺޡ
Ȫˮ
һ岻ɶõıƽǳϼҪõȪˮǳѣҪºպսһ峤пʹһװʮȪˮ
ˣÿһõ͵ĳϣȫĻŭšҪϸƷãǳԼȪˮ
˭룬һװһǧȪˮȻһţȫȪˮɱͺ˽ңûʲôζͺ˸ѡ
ְܼҾٶڳһλ׳Ǳ
Ҫ֪ڳһеݵλûʸһȪˮһǧȪˮȻϧֱӽȪˮƼ̣û꣬˱ˣ
֣ҪҪһڣеľƺŷֻ˻Ρ
ֳڽ֮Уô
һûȤתͷҹЦ֣Ȫˮ˵Ǿƣȴʮˡ
ûʲô顭ҹƲƲ죬üȪˮã̺ȪҪ˺üΣʱϸãֱһȪ
˵ţʹͷšüͷأ˼δ߲Ͽ
ЦЦԱžƺ
Ȼ˵һǧȪˮڳһ˿ޱ
ڶҹ֡˿ôˣļֵȲһȪ
ס
͸ὫʥȪˣϾ׿һʮеȪϰٵΣȻ˲٣ҲʮΣ
ƶĳǰ׾һ
Ѿȥˡ
˫붫ҹһһšһ˼δ߲Ͽϧͷͨ뵽֮ߣûһо԰յġ
׷ǳơ
߾
أֻһͺȣ³һһԻǵ˫⣬Ʊˡ
ৡ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶ뷢԰׵ϡ
ϡһϣشյϵԡ
һЦӣ߸λһϢѾֻ̤龳磬Ӧ٣ֻҪԸ⣬ʱܹ龳磡
˻
䣬ȫһƬڡ
ʲôѾֻ̤龳磿˷ܵ㵸̫ˣһĺϢ
ܹΪ龳֣ôǵҪö࣡
ҹͷ
ǰ
һƣϽȫ龳磬ҿؾƷʲӦܹ龳٣
֡ҹˣ׷׵ͷ
ɡ
˭룬ϾҡҡͷҲ׼ؾг龳硣
΢΢㵡
ֹʥ۷徳Ѿµϣл̤龳磬ӦȲŶԣ˭룬ϣȻһʱ׼ӭ١
ϣΪʲôԸڴ˶ɽ٣üһ塣
뷢԰׵ϵһЦؾãΪԳһƬصС˵ǱȽϵӵģؾж٣пܻؾ𶯣ʱǱؾ֮İħ֣ǵĴͷǳˡ˵ˣҲûоԵİգɹٵĿ顣ԣ׼ʱѹԼľΪܵؽԼĸʵ˾Եİգٳ龳١
˻Ȼԭˡ
Ž壬ôˣٿתͷס
޿κεҡҡͷħͳ˧ʱûʲôǣȴۼȥĦݿˣһĦݿҪӳ߲Ͽȣǲ̫ˡ
ţ
ϴµİü΢΢ڶ΢΢̾Ϣ



1337 ڤ
߰ǧ﷽Բ߲Ͽ֮Уƽ˾Ƶİħ˾ְ
ˡ
ٿأһͻħ쳹ǣ߲Ͽеİħ׷׸εѣһֵؿԴ߲ʹű
߲ʹűڲһؾڲ
һֻɭɭ׹ǴͭŹ˳䣬Ҳû˶޾ǧħ糱һͭŹԴԴϵӿϢŨҡ
죬ڤʵĻ꣬Ѿɹֹ֮У̼ħԸнл꣡
ǧòڤʵĻֹ룡
һħͳ˧һ
ţͳ˧׷ٻ߲Ͽеаħ塣
ͬʱһͳ˧ֵ裬Խؾ˺ѳϰӣӿȵǧħؾӿ

޾ħش߲ʹűϯʱ䣬߲Ͽȡԭϼأ˼ɾ߲Ͽȣ̼һڤħϢŨҡ
ţ
ʲô߲ʹűоȻӿŨħ
ڹűĺڻʣɵȻһ
ܿ죬߲Ͽеİħ壬һĿۣͶ߲ʹűķ̬ϡ
аħڤ޵治ڤʵĻ꼴ѣҪÿһħԸ
ÿһħ壬߾ȫȫĵ棡
أһƽըװı쳹߲Ͽȣħ壬Ŀ¶⣬һХڵأĬдʡ
̫ˣڤʵĻˣһΣǰħ壬Ĺˣ
ڤһɹѣƱؽһجΣ
ǰħĹҪˣ
߲ϿϿգħӰعݣֿЦ״
ϿΧһͥСԺУĦݿһľ壬ضԶ߲ʹűǧħ˵ƺҪ
ڤʵĻꡭˣ
ãĦݿ˷źݺݵһĭ³һ仰
£Ͷش񣡡
ϵĲڤʵ
Ħݿ˵ۼڵһʱ͹ڵأĬдʣһۼݺݵĦݿһۣǳһ
Ħݿͨһڵأսս
ȻڵأĦݿȴû񰵺ħһĵ棬Ųڤܹ
ҮĦХɡ
ҮĦХɡ
߲Ͽеİħ壬һߵŰݣһͷϵس߲ʹűķȥͺǳʥͽһ
ȥԴӺصǧħпİħ壬ŹŹֵڣһʥͽһ·ߵŰݣ߲ʹűķӿƴ
ţ
ĦݿŲȺΧԭۼѽԶԶ˦һʧȥ˻ǵĿһһ·ߵŰݵس߲ʹűȥûעĦݿ˵һһ
ƺһûᣬ͹ؾеˣȡᣬӳ߲ϿȣĦݿһʱתؾһʶ
ؾڲ
ħһɲǣؾڲһ˵ȣȫһŵþʧ룬ɫ
ʲôħÿֲƣһħҪʮ˲һ
һСС
ħӦòͳ˧
׽üٿؾѵͭŹ׳ʲô䣿
һˣ׵಻ɵɤ۵λá
һڳǵΧ˾׵ľ󣬾𾪵ױȡԼᶨףҶ࿴ͭŹһۡɴ˿ɼͭŹовΪ֪ħ
쳹ǵħ˶ųһ亹һӾ뵽ͭŹס
ৡ
ڱչǱ޵İ˳ųϣҲڵһʱ˫ǵУ¶һĨ֮ɫ
£ÿһ˶ɢһʶ̽ؾ̽Ķ
ܿ죬˾Ϳħƹ˻ǵͽһ߲ʹűһ·ߵŰݶȥޱȵ뾴ηɵõһ
ţҿʲô߲Ͽеİħ壬ȻȫǿһͣߵŰݣ
־
ڤʣ˭ǲڤʣΪʲôôİħҪлꣿ
üͷ塣
ۡ˳ڤĸֵһ˲䣬͵һһںڵѪ
ǰ
ǰ
֡ҹˣ׷׳ǰȥ
û¡
˳ͳһö鵤УƬ̺ϻָһ˿ѪɫֻǱڤʸ˵ģԭѾҪ龳ıˣڵıȣ龳żֱ
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ



1338 ǧа
ûϵһʥ۷֣Ϊ˳ϵߣȻڤʵź󣬾ֱӱ˵ӣĶˣԼչͣͲǰ
ֱǺţ
һܹɱһʥ¡ҪԼţηڣʥԼź󣬶Ķҡˡ
񣬲ڤʾˡ
׶ڲڤʵĺģʱһΡ
ڤ˭
׿żɽѯʡ
ڤʣǰħڤ޵档
뷢԰׵ϣüͷҡͷ̾Ϣڤ޵ǰħһ壬ʮ꣬ĻĹ൱ڤʣڤ޵棬ʮֲֿųƲ𣡱ڤһսУɱķԶջ֣żնɱû뵽Ҫˣ
˻
Ƥ
û뵽ڤ˿ֲȻǰħڤ޵档ڤ޵ǿĹᲢ۵ĺ壡
ʲô
ڤʱ֣żնɱ
ײɵÿһĭɴţۡ
ڤʣȻ˿ֲҪۼĴ֣ܹնɱɴ˿ɼⲻڤʵľΪԲ֮£
ǡ
ȻڤʣѾ֣նɱˡΪܹ
һ㣬Щɶͷԡ
Ҫ֪ۣҲԵֵסʱĴݲУããʱ䳤УԪľմֲʻΪһg
ڤʣΪܹ
δҲ̫ˣ
ѵڤܹתߵ
ǰڤʼȻѾˣΪֿԸˣȫϳ׶ͷ৶䡣ʱ˿̣Ѿ֪ͭŹصħǺηʥˣȻڤ޵治ڤʣ
ڤʣųƲ𡣡
Ϊڤ޵棬ڤǰὫԼһԪһöڤʯУڤʯڤ޵֮⣬ڤʻһײطڤ޵ĵѧϰ
һгһգڤ䡣ôڤ޵ˣÿǧ꣬ڤʯһνлꡣһɹڤͿԵߵ
뷢԰׵ĳһ˵ȣȫ
ʲôʲôȻܹߵת
ҹһĲţȻΪĹҵӣС飬ʶ㣬ҹҲʹӹżзйزڤʵֻƬڲڤͨȴǲô˽⡣
һ˵ڤܹתɵôʧɫ
ʵϣǶҹڳˣȫͷðŽɡ
һʱ䣬ձʮأÿһ˶ɫء
ǰ
׹˹֣ʵڤҪӦûôװգ֪ûʲôƣ
뷢԰׵̾һµ䣬ϵ׹壬˵еۣȫʱĴݲСڤʣȻһܹҲĿԲ𡣡
ţ
üͷһ
ȣڤҪҪڤʯڤ޵֮Ҳ˲ڤһԪĽᾧһڤʯݻ٣ôڤʽԶûлḴ
ͨ˵ڤ޵Ʊڤʯ۸֣١ԣҪƻڤʯͲڤĻᣬνϣã
϶һ٣ܵ˽ƵĿ⣬ڶǲڤһĽлط˵һֹϵ赸ֵУɢ޾ǺеĻǣ۳Ρ
˼ص˵ͷ
ڤҲĲ𣬻а취Ըġ
ǣǲڤʵĻǱлˣûҲԸ
һɡ
һ壬˵Ϊ֣һ־һ֣ǻǡ
ǲڤа취ԼĻۣʱ䳤УѻΪҽҲûа취
ʵúá
뷢԰׵΢΢һЦʵϣڤ޵ĴˣҪͨڤʯɹڤʵĻٻҪҵһ̺Űıǡ
ǣҪ̺ıǣ
΢΢һ
һͷܹ̺ʲô
նĹͷĻѰʿĹͷһʱ䣬ͻţ𽥸ˡʥ֣龳ֵıǣһǧ꣬Ҳһ
֪ڤѾɹ֮ˡһθʱ򣬾˰ħһ۸֡ǧа𡯵ǣһαѪΪһٽлɹӶġңڸ֮󣬾ӵ˰벽۾Ϊڶ̶̵һǧʱڣ˳۸֣նɱλպۣ
뷢԰׵ϣɤͳ˻ơ



1339 ڤʯ
˻
ڳȫݴͷ৶䡣
۸֡ǧа𡯵뱾ѪΪô˼ص˵ͷ
ǧаǰħΪۣȻһ֮УһǧаţڻĹҵʥӣޱȵľη
Ϊۼĸ֣ǧа뱾ѪȻޱȵıڲ̺ҲʮʢȫΪڤʻǵʡ
ֻ׵˸еľǣڤ˳֮󣬾Ȼ̾ӵа벽ۼΪ
Ƕô׵飿
һոոˣ̾ӵа벽ۼľΪֱǳ붼顣
ңڶ̶̵һǧУڤʾʹӰ벽ۣۼ𣬻һնɱλ۸֣
˵ȻˣаĴڲڤʵϣԵòǡ
ţûɣǲڤʾȻһӵŰ벽۾磿
ңڶ̶̵һǧʱͽ۾磿
һڤʸɹôǰħ彫һ벽۾ĸ򣿵ʱ򣬿ǧ綼û˻Ķ֣
֡ҹˣһʧ
ֵ˵ĵǣ뷢԰׵ľųҡͷЦ˵ˣ˵ֻҪڤʸһܹӵа벽۾Ϊ
ţ
ס֡ҹüͷһ˼ؿųϡ
ʵϣڤʸ֮ʵǹ̶ģлı뱦ѪŷǳĹϵ
ڤʵõ۸ǧа뱾ѪںڤʯڲһԪŵһӵа벽۾硣лı뱦ѪƷʣߣôڤʾǳɹˣΪҲ̫ڿֲȻˣǱ뱦ѪƷʷǳߣôڤڸ֮ľΪҲˮǴߡ
ųĵؽ⡣
붫ҹˣȫ˼ص˵ͷ
ԭڤʸ֮ľΪ䵱ı뱦ѪƷҹġ
ӣǱ뱦ѪǲڤĽʣƷԽߣڤʵƷҲԽߣںڤʯеԪ󣬾ΪָҲߣ
׻˵һຣǿຣеĴǴϵˡֻдʵˣ˲ܹȡͬǱ뱦ѪƷ̫ͣ͵ƷʲôڤҪָշɣǶȻܵġ
ҹ
λǰ˵һβڤһɹˣôӵʲôľΪ
ײ˲޽ǵĺ飬һϾѯʵ
²
ûա
һϡ˳ϡųһȫҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵Ƕ²ڤһľΪһ㣬ܹ϶
뷢԰׵ϳһβڤʼǳɹˣҲȻӵ۾硣
ס֡ҹˣȫ۾һ
ԭǳ򵥡
ڲڤһθʱ򣬰ħ廹ۼĸ֡ǧа𡯴ţǧаһ뱾Ѫ̺ŰԴΪڤʸ󣬲ӵа벽۾硣
ڣ壬ǰħ壬ûһۻšԣڤ޵ĴˣҪҵһ̺ı뱦ѪƷϣҪԽǧаı뱦Ѫǳ˵Ρ
ɵط
֡ҹˣȫΪȻص˵ͷ
ȷˡ
΢΢һЦһеĶ֣Ҳֻв𾳽ѣȻҲ֪ħţħвǵµۣĻˡֻҪûۣôڤ޵ĴˣҪҵƷʳԽǧаǵıǣǲܵ顣
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ǲеҡһڤʳɹӵŰ벽۾ΪôĴͷǳΣˣ
ֽе罣һզп
˵Ҳ湻ֵġ
أһֱûгĵ櫽ǷǾ׵ͭŹףڲŲڤʡǣħڤ޵ˣΪβ棬ڤ޵ڲнл꣬ҪǧƫԶһ
ңҪлɹڤʯڤʯ֮أһܵ𻵣ôڤʾܹˡ
ħͲ֮ڤʯұ᣿
գգ۾
䣬ڳһ˵ȣȫ΢΢һţ˫֮оⱩ䡣



1340 黳
ò˵˼ǳܣҲǳе
˵ڲڤ˵ڤʯڤ޵֮Ҳ˲ڤһԪĽᾧǲڤʵһϣ
뵱꣬۸֣ǧټƵǱ밵ħڤ޵Ҫ͵ȡڤʯδܳɹɴ˿ɼڤ޵ڤʯıжôأ
˭룬ڤ޵ĴˣȻڤʯ֮Уʲôһٶ
ڤʯ϶߲ʹűУûв´ӦþʹͭŹڲ
״Ϣء
ѹһˣڳΧԶԶһͭŹףѪӿЩڵءԭǿͭŹڲһö̺ŲڤһԪڤʯ
ħδҲ̫ˣȻڤʯͲ±᣿Цһ
Ҳ£ħ϶ֻ̡ʱǲ²ǵ̣ʲô
ҹüͷһ֣ɤһ˿ԣ鲻ԽرɤǣҸҿ϶ħ̣һϣٲʲôͳ˧ڻڼۼ֮
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ħ̣龳ͳ˧Լڻڼۼ֮ôħȫԷ١
Ϊ壬Ȼûеۼĸ֣ȴǧѷʢӢۺܣſ𣬸в𾳽ĸֺճ
⣬Ĺңһȵĸۺ˭֪ʲôΪֶ֪Σһ仰龳ͳ˧Ҫǰռˣֱǳ˵Ρ
Ҳ֪һβڤлı뱦ѪʲôԸҪɹźã

ʱһش׵ԺС
üͷһ΢΢һЦĦݿ˴Ϣ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫɫؿס
һ׾Ħݿ˽ϣһϲؿڳˣλ޾֮·ΪڤʵԵʣ߲Ͽħˣȫһһ棬Ϊڤʽнл꣬ûעĦݿˡǻԳᣬӳ߲Ͽȣ
ȫһ󻶺
̫ˣɽˮ·һ壡
˷ܵ佣
죬ھ֪ͨĦݿˣ׼ӳ߲Ͽȡ뷢԰׵ϣߴٵ
׵˵ͷһͨؾ֮һĦݿˡ
ؾ֮⡣
ڵصĦݿˣõ׵ָ֮Сػܣȷûб˲֮󣬵Ϣ̤Ϊһ⣬ԳٲӶȥ
ಣಣ
ʱ䣬Ħݿ˸оԼ࣬Ҫһ
ڣߵʮ֮Ħݿ˳˷ֱǧߵٲһˮ֮Уȥһ񹤵ܶ
ৡ
ͬһʱ䣬ס֡ҹһˣԼ볤һˣȫ֮ܶС
ϻ˵콫ıڣȫٶӡ״ߴһ
Ħݿ˵˵ͷһӣһεϯˣڳȫεΧ뷢԰׵ߡ
ǰǣ
Ħݿһȵؿλ뷢԰׵ߡ
ˣ׼뿪ˡ
櫣ǿ߰ɣǳһϣһҪһѪϹͷǲԸٵ룬͵ˣ
Ϊһĳϣˣ͵ЦǲԸߣҲߣҪҲҪɳϣ
λ뷢԰׵ߣһ̡
ϣ
˳ϣ
ųϣ
λһ׳ɵһ̼ӯ
櫣ҪȰ˵ˣʱȣǸϿ߰գϱ˫֣ƮƮһƵЦݣȫ׼ӣϷһͳ龳磬Ϊ龳ĸ֣ʱһҪðħ峢ҵ
塣
񡣡
˳һݵؿ뼧񣬡ϣܹæչ˺õ櫣Ҫܵһ˺ǳһ˵֪һᱣǵģ
ǰ赣ǣ櫴ӽ󣬾ǵˣ
ϴԼǣ
뼧񵱼ظĵ졣
Ħݿˣߣ
֪λѾٶԣһߴĦݿˡ
Ħݿ˵˵ͷһӣȫԼıڲ
ϣ˳ϣųϡ
ѹ˻ƵΣ鲻ԽȻˡ
ৡ
λ׷ϵĿ£ĦݿһԾΪһâͷҲصسˮ졣
Ӵ



1341 СѲ
߲ϿУǧħ糱ŨûȥϡɼһӰһ·ߵŰݣ߲ʹűķȥһ߾ʬһ
ಣ
Ħݿ˵ӰһӷֱǧߵٲбӶϢûһ⣬һ̲ͣسųڴȥ
ԼĪһյĹĦݿ˽Ųһ٣ңңػڳڴļʮۼ
ˡ
Ħݿؿڴƺûİħһܵڤʵٻ޷˵س߲ʹűȥȻڸλϣǺã
ڲüͷһ壬һʶ̽磬̽Źؿڴľ󣬶ȥԿʮȫװۼأԴڹؿڴɫϣֻʱ˿ÿһۼĿ߲ʹűķ򣬿Ĭдʡ
ţһڳȥ׷ؿڵֻۼûʥĸ֣ʱһ
ǲеҡ
ã
Ħݿҧҧһǿ򶨵سŹؿڴӶȥ
վס
ûĦݿ˿ؿڣͷۼͷĿʹһؿĦݿˣôôҪȥˣڻûͬУ
ۼͷĿѯʣĦݿ˹򶨵΢΢һЦ͵Ŷôһ¡
Ҳˣͳ˧ȫڤʽл꣬Ͼ򲻵šһ󣬾Ҳͳ˧ҳȥȪʼħڰȱ
Ħݿ˴˴֣һ̼ģʱȣҪ飬ºڼͳҮĦΣˡϽսﲻ𣡡˵ţһɰʥѹػڹؿڵһۼȫ٣󳷡
ĦϣҲֻͨһССˣҲǰչƶȰ¡ԣһ¡ȥûúڻʸϾ߲Ͽȵˡ
ۼͷĿһΪѵؿĦݿˡ
Ħݿ˶ʱüͷɱȻСĴΪѣֱǲ֪ߵغѵΪûȪʼħڵĺĳϣɱһССĿŹ𣿡
δ䣬һ糱İԪԴĦݿ˵ӿ˻
սһ
ĦϣȰ㲻ҪΪһʱ嶯Ҫ鷳
˭룬ۼͷĿǶĦݿ˵в⣬һЦĦݿ˽ɱ˵ĿУŻգĦϡҲΪ㣬Ǻڻʲôͱˡ
ĦϳڣҪ˽ȥ̽һ̲Ϻûʲô쳣̷뿪
ۼͷĿЦЦؿĦݿˡ
ʲô
Ҫҵı磿ĦݿȻһͷޣһССۼҲҵı̽һЦҪһŹͷô̧ͷˣĦݿڳһģͷá
ʵϣĦݿ˵ıУסһˣһħۼ֣ӡ
ΣĦݿ˶ӦۼѲ
ĦϣһԸڻΪֲԸǵѲ飬ѲΪ߲Ͽ߾ߵĵطˣ
ۼͷĿζһЦۼʹһɫȥҺڻҪһ˵ڷǳ棬ǺڻʲԸʴˣ˽ӣ
˵ۼͷĿɭĦݿ˵񣬾ͺǿһͽ
㡭
ĦݿϢһϣʱԪӿҪǿдأûʲô̸ˣ

ֲ񳱣ӿһ߮䣬ž죬ֲʥ̩ɽѹ
Ħϣ
ۼͷĿɫϣһͳһݣҪ죬ǵҶ֣Ҿ̴쾯ݣʱ򣬰ħɱɾͱ˺Ƥˣ
Ħݿһʱֽһ١
ûһۼͷĿ쾯ݣô϶ᾪͳ˧ڻʱƾĦݿһ֮Ҫӳӳȥǲܵ顣
ðɣʵ㡣
Ħݿһתʱ뵽һԣʵѾڻ̸ˡ֮Ըͳ˧ҪҷһǣһʨӴ󿪿ڣҪҰ˳ɵͽԽܣԣʱȥȪʼħڰȱ죬ֻҪ˳뿪ҴӻȪʼħڰȱһʮΪͣΣ
ĦݿһϣؿۼͷĿ
һʮ裬ۼͷĿ̰촽ţȴ̾һҡҡͷ½Ƿ뿪»ܵطʱ򣬽֮ݡĦϣΪȪʼħڵĳϣҲӦ֪²òͷĵǻȪʼħڣ˵վǰħ㷢ѪɫıأҪ˽԰ȱƱδҲ̫쿪ˡ
飬ǰħ岻֪ãȻõϢ㻹ܹռƱ𣿡
ۼͷĿһЦٳɣ޷˵ش˾ݡ



1342 ʱ
ʱ˿̣ۼͷĿȻ϶Ħݿ˽ӣϲ⡣ԣ޷˵ش˾ݡ
ϾƾؿڴļʮۼʥĦݿ˵Ķ֡
أء
̼䣬һߵ죬Ӥһ㣬쳹߲Ͽȡ
ʱʬһ߲Ͽеħ壬һһĿؿԴ
ɱУȡ
ɱѰ·
Ħݿ˵õһƺҶһ̺ŰԪһƣֱӽ쾯ݵۼ˳ȥԽѣһغ
˰Ħݿˣ
ˣȪʼħڵĳĦݿ˷ˣ
Ħݿˣնɱǰħˣϵ½ûܹȵ㣡
ʮۼһĪؿĦݿˡ
ȥ
Ħݿӡ׷ɣ飬䣬ʮӴܵۼͳͳһغһرһ̲̲࣬ҡ
ಡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ħݿնɱʮۼ̻֮ûһ⣬ҲƵس߲Ͽȡ
ͬһʱ䣬߲ʹűſڣڵأĬдʵĺڻʣݵһɲǣһپԵİħҲƵسŹؿڵķӶȥ
ѵĦݿǸͽ˽ˣȻͽΪҪǧټƵǱ߲Ͽȣڻл̼еҪ֪𰸡
һĦݿͽôڻ֮ǰΪңһͳ˧׷ԳԲ˶ߡ
ͬʱ˷ǧħ壬ڿն𣬳ŹؿڷӶȥħӰ֮УȻżʥڻ
ˮڲ
һϣ˳ųϣ߶һʶ̽Ħݿͻýǧħ׷ɱһĻʱļ٣ȹϵһֱת
УҪֹǣŽȡʱ䣡
͵߬ȭͷû˿ԥͳӶȥ
ϣ
ϣ
һİ˳ųϣɵʧƴ
˳ϣųϡ
һڣһõŽ˳ѵġǣǸϽصؾоȵĴɱʱҲܹĴһӦϣʱһҪҶɱħ壡

䡭
δ䣬뷢԰׵ϣȫתԪһɹɰӿԪϯҡػΣ˻
İħ壬ԡѪսɣ
Ͻ̤ʩչһ䣬߲ϿȵϿգֱ߲ʹűķϯȥǲҪڤʽлôգҾǵңòڤԶ޷
˵ţһɫıһһĽҲƵس߲ʹűķϯȥ
飡飡飡飡飡
̼䣬߲ʹűϮػ߲ʹűΧĴ𵴣ƺܿҪ鿪
ʲô
Ȼǳһʥ֣
ģʲôʱ򱻳һĳϸǱ߲Ͽȣ
һ˲䣬߲Ͽеħ壬ȫնսϡ
죬ɱ
ǧܹƻڤʵĽлʽ
елꡣһϼһڻ
һʱ䣬߲ϿһƬңɱ졣
ŰħŰħĺڻڿն𣬳ϵķΧ˶ȥͬʱһħ쳹ÿһħԺ̺һ˿־Է
߲ʹűڲ
⣬ڹϣȻǱ߲Ͽȵң
ͳ˧ʱְأĻ׻ᵼ²ڤʵĽлʽһ񣡡
ģֻһССʥˣƲʲôˣڻȥˡ
ͳ˧һͲ̽˼תܿ˾ϡ
߲ϿϿա
뷢԰׵ϣ̤ƮƮһģеһɫ·׷ɣÿһ֮Уƺ̺ǳ£߲ϿȶΪ֮
ס֣
Сӣ·㲻ߣŴնҪʬΣ
䣬ǧħӵͷļڻʥĸ֣Χ£ϵΧ񣬿ϵ񣬾ͺƿһͷ׵ĸ
ȻһϣһƵʥպգڶħʥǰһ

ħ壬Ϊô׾ͽնɱ𣿡
أ뷢԰׵쳤Хɤ˻ƵͳϮӭ衣



1343 ƹ
ţ
ϼһĪǷ𣿡
ǰħΧˣȻ˴Բѣ
ڳһڰħ壬ȫһĿؿ߿еӰ
ȣ
أһƽըװı쳹ƮƮϣ͵תڵԪƻɽһһٳʥ̤龳磡
䣬һɺ̺Ŀֲƣ纣ش
¡¡¡¡
ʱΧĽǧħ壬ҺһͷһѪȫսֹ
ʲôϼһȻһ̤龳磿
û뵽һϼһȻܹն£ܹٳ߸ͷһ
ɱӽ龳磬ڲڤʵĽлʽŷǳвǧƻ˽лʽ
̼䣬߲Ͽеİħ壬ȫʧ룬Ϊؿ߿еϡ
Űħ밵ħڻǻһҲƵسϳȥ
ˮڲ
˳ų϶һʶ̽ٲ֮⣬̽ذΧ˳龳磬־ϲ
ϣһҪ
ϣܹɹƻڤʵĽлʽòڤʸʧܣǶ飬һպս
˳ųǵ˫ˮ
߲Ͽ֮⡣
Ħݿһ·ȫӣһյĹ򣬾ͷɳ￪⡣
ͣ£
ٿأ׵쳹Ħݿ˵Ժţ׵ӰȻӱϯ
ಣಣಣ
ţ֡ҹһˣԼλһ׳ҲĦݿ˵ıϯ
֣Ϊ˾ݣȴٳû׷
üͷһ
ǿ쿴ϵӰʶڵһʱ俴߲ϿϿȻһ֮Կǧħϡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽˿ϣһݿɬء
϶ϿѣԼնɢħע
һӢۡ
ҹ̾һ
ϡ櫰һһΣҪƴس߲Ͽȡ
櫣ˣҪ𣿡
׽̤ӡ˵櫵ǰѵ⡣
ÿ
ҲĿΪ櫺ޡ
ײɷ˵ֱ櫸סƾڻзأԲᡣ
櫣ˣ֮ѡԼΪǵӵиʱӶİɨħ壬Ϊһسǣȥĳ˱ѩޣ
ڣǷȥͶôϵûһԣ
ɫϾѵ
Ƭ̣ڲٶֻʣǶߵ飬ֺŽ޵úһӡ
λһ׳ǺۣеĿɽ޸һͭ岻ϲƴѹеı֮顣
ò˵ϸΪ˷ǳжַǳˡ
߲ϿС
˷ӿİɱЦȻ߲ϿѾǰħռˣôұ㽫߲Ͽȳ׻𣡡
¡¡¡¡
δ䣬߲ϿȵϿգյĽӿɿؾۼһɹϯ£ҡػΣ𵴡
ʲôϼһҪɽˣ
⣬ϼһĪҪ߲ϿϿնɽ٣Ļ׽ٻᲨ߲ϿȣҲᱻ֣ʱ򣬽Ƶһɳ죬߲ϿȻ׾٣
ģϿ콫ϼһնɱһ׽£߲Ͽȶ
֮ӿ糱Ľƣ߲Ͽеİħ峹׿ˣһʧæҡ
߲ϿΧ￪һɽϿգһ˾ĿԶȫעע߲ϿϿյĶ
ǿ쿴ϳɹ龳磬ڣ٣־ϲ
ٽٵĻκ鶼ÿĻͻᱻΪɽߵӶʹ߲Ͽ򰵺ħ壬һƸôٵʷǰĳ̶ȣ
ҹɵط
׵ΪȻصͷ
ͨ˵ɽǲ˿ģһʿ˵ɽǷΨгɹʧܣɹܽ߾磬ʧҷ𡣶Ͽᣬܹɹɽٵˣʮ֮һʱÿһɽ֮˶ȫԸҷġʱ˿һϮڶɽٵʿڶɽ֮˵ĴǻԵġ
ڶɽֻܹ֮ƾɽ٣Ҫʿķɽ٣ôٵ˲ʮٱöɽٵѶȣǵûнͣ



1344 ׿
йٵĸ֣Ϊ˰Ӷɽ٣ۺʵͼһ֮Կ١
ϧ˳ɹνã
˵ɽٵĳɹֻʮ֮һĻôͼʿɽ٣ɹļʾֻаٷ֮һˡ
˵ֻҪǶɽ֮˵ʵ̫ͨûʲôʿԸ⸨ɽ֮˹ֿͬ١
ϾĻпڶɽٵʱ򣬲ûܳɹ˶ɽ٣Լ
ʿ˵ҪΪԽߵʿԽϧ
˭룬һϣȻ߲ϿϿնɽ٣ĿĺԣҪħ֮УӶٵðħᡣ
ڽнлʽͼĲڤʣ
һٽ٣߲ʹűеͳ˧ͭŹףǱ٣ô¹ӵжô׵ʵļʣֻͬаٷ֮һ
˵һϣ֮ôͲܹɽٳɹҪٵֹڤʸ˳㽫ħ֮У
ӣϾҪˣٲߣһ߲ˣ
ϼһȻѡ߲ϿϿնɽ٣Ҫ֪߲ϿȫԸϴˣһٽ٣߲Ͽȶᱻ֮У
ͳ˧ˣߣ
̼䣬߲Ͽеİħ壬һ󼦷ɹֻ޴سŸؿڷɶݶȥ
һ֮Уǡ
ħǣǸղŲǺ𣿶ǳһ庰ɱɱ޶ΪʲôһȺɥȮˣ
Ҿһս
߲ϿȵϿգ뷢԰׵նͷϷյĽƣ
ϺһǹͦŲ֮ǰԼҫɱİħ壬תۼһȺɥ֮ȮɺЦ
ಣ
һ̣һӣֱɵ߲ʹűϿգѹѹĽƣһɿĺ׳ʿϯ졣
ħͳ˧ǰɣ˵龳ĸ֣պգڣҵҪǸҲһͬɥ֮У
ϳƮƮըס
߲ϿеĽħ壬ʱ䣬糱һҲƵӿ߲ϿȣһϢصңűԸϴ߲ϿȣΪ̡
ͳ˧ˣʮ𼱣Ͽ
ͳ˧ˣٲһٽ٣Ҳӳˣ
ͳ˧ˣڸϽϣԲڤʵĽлʽ׻˵ɽڲûաֻҪлòڤ
߲Ͽȵĸؿ֮⣬ӵǧƵİħ壬һͳ˧
ͳ˧ǳħĹǣǽˣҪ˶ãϵİħ壬ɥȪ
¡¡
¡¡
߲ʹűϿյĽƣƳ죬һˮ״ϸĽף߮īĽ֮УһֺѹǳݵĿֲо
糱ĺУ߲ʹűڲһؾڲͳ˧һɫϾΧһͭײΧƷ׷ɣĬдʡ
лʽѾҪɹˣ˭뵽ǧһĹͷȻһϼһˣ
߲Ͽеħ壬ȫ˳߲ϿȣڤʵĽлʽҲжϡӣѾҪлɹĲڤʣٴʧȥ˸Ӧ
ô죿ѵҪһλ᣿
ͳ˧һͷ৶䡣
У
ڤʯÿǧܹ߶һΣһΣûɽлʽôֻٵǧܹ꣬һνл꣡ǣв꣬˵ľѪҪû˲ڤǸûжٰսռΪС
ʧʧ
һ٣̽𱦼׵ˣҧȻûħ棬ֻҪͳ˧Ҫֹͣлܹ꣬άڤʯԪȼգ̶лṴǣʹڤʸģ
䣬ȫһƬž֮Уޱȵѹ֡ͳ˧أԿĬдʣȫΪڤʽлꡣ
ˡ
ͭŹϷһöȭͷСڤʯɢһİĹԣ˻㱼У԰ΡһɫĻ棬ڤʯʱʱֵȼţž졣
顭
ͬʱͭŹ׵Ĺײİ壬ϵţƺʲôħҪͭŹѳ
ϧþžһͭŹϷڤʯ;׹ڵأâ찵
ţ
ͳ˧ɫһ׷׿׹ڵصڤʯӿһ˿
ʣټٵĵڣͳ˧Ѿѱȫעˣһͳ˧ģôڤʯͻʧȥ㹻Ը֧ţϨ



1345 
ڤʯеԪѾȼ˽룬;Ϩ𣬶ڲڤʵӰ̫ˣ²һβڤ޷ǧٽнлʽڤĻᣬҲܴ󡣡
һźɫ籦׵Ů
ȥϼһնɱҾ߲Ͽ֮Ըܹڤʴʱ
أһȫףؿڴһͷģĻľ꣬Ȼվӧ
£ǲܹٵ٣˵ɹڤˣͳ˧ǡ
ͳ˧龳ĴûҪƽ޹ʵɥ
׿꣡
׿꣡
ͳ˧ȫһȵؿӧ꣬ɫӡû뵽׿ӧֱ١
ڤ޵峤ڤڤ޵棬Ϊܹðһոʲô
ϣܹרעڤʯõ㹻Ը֧ţ
׿국һЦ৵һƾʧ߲ʹű֮С
Х߲ϿŨǧħϮӿ糱յĽңңӦ䣬Ȼоڤظڲ
߾һ
׿긦һͼһᦣһӭǣ֮Сѽѽشӹ֮ӿųնϷ˶ȥ
ţ
ڤ޵峤׿ꡯô
û뵽ҾȻƳˣ
һЦӿĹ飬ȫмһˣеɫ͵һһ̺ŰԪĽ;ԻƳգɨɰǧĹ飡
ɰǧĹ飬Ȼɢһ۵Ӥǡ
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱƷӿһˮͰϸ׵磬ҲƵس߲ʹű
ৡ
̼䣬עȫе˴Ľ֮ϡ
顭
һ׽٣ϰˮͰϸɫ׵ƥÿһϵ׽٣ȫƫе˰Ըϴ֮ϡ԰ټƵı־Ҳ˻
Увٵı֣׽ٵĺ֮£Ӧ飬ɽѣɳʯ׷ɡ
ţҿʲôһ׽٣Ȼϰ׵磿ңÿһ׵磬ǹǳߵϵ׽٣
Ըϴ󣬷ǳ̣龳ĸ֣Ҫ߲Ͽȣڵ졣û뵽ٵĺ֮£ȻѾľˣ
ԸϴоžŰʮһ϶ɣһһôĴҲֱҪ˶ãͻ᳹𣡡
û뵽ٵﵽزĿǰԸϴ󣬸֧Ų˵ڶ׽ٵĹƣ
ɢ߲Ͽ֮İħ壬ڽܵ׽ٵĿֲ֮󣬷׷׳˷˿һ̫ܲӶһغ
ͬʱ￪һɽ嶥ˣһң߲Ͽȣɫӡ
߲ϿΧİԸϴƺҪˡ
üͷһؾеλǰ˵ٲȻһϢһӳ߲ϿȾҪ׵ö࣡
Ըܹ˳Ӳڤʸ
˫ֺʮ
ҹֵˣض߲Ͽе
ʥȭ
ٿأһ춯صı쳹ڤ޵峤׿꣬ͷųһ֮󣬽Ź糱͵ش߶ԪһǧɷԲȭӰͷҲƵسϺҶȥ
ȭӰ֮У̺ɽ£ƺȻԳһ硣
ţ
֣
뷢԰׵ϣȻһʱ߶Ԫͷųǧ֣ȥ뷢԰׵ٲȻһͭĽգȫ޾ԡ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ȭӰԻƳգϵϡ
ʱϾͺһڵһ˳ȥػǧӦ飡
ã
ǣ
￪ɽ֮ϣ֡סˣɵʧ
ͬʱ߲ʹűڲһСؾ֮С
Уڵչȥܿڶ׽پͽʱ߲ϿΧİԸϴ󣬽ڵָҷ𡣡
ʱǽҲûˣ
һŻƽ𱦼׵ħͳ˧ͺһ˫
ĸħͳ˧üͷ壬أ԰̾
ˣ¾ֻһ취ˡ
Żƽ𱦼ףٵ˵ͳ˧׳һıѪڤʯڲǵıѪһȼգʢڲڤʵĻƾһΡ
δ䣬ħͳ˧Ӽۣǰͷ



1346 
ۡ
ۡ
䣬ΧͭŹΧħͳ˧ſͣӿһɹɺıѪ
ܹѪһ³ڤʯڲ
һƴСڤʯڲ͵شһߣɫĹ棬ȼգʱһĴ̱Ѫζؾ
ĦХơ
ħͳ˧һڤʯȼʱɫһϲ׷׽˫ĬдʣʼȫעΪڤʽлꡣ
߲Ͽڲ
ۡ
شϣ֧Ŵ֮վصλãȻһ̲⣬첲λƵڼ򴦣ƺʱ׹֮С
·㲻ߣŴ
һССʥȻͼǰħ忹⣬ֱǲ֪
ڤ޵峤׿꣬ƽһȣ̤ս壬һ򣬴Գϵķ˶
ǺǣҪɱң
˵һЦҲһһǾͻˣ
飡
ٶȱ׿˳ȥһߵķݣصײ߲ϿΧһϣ׹ڵأ
¡¡
¡¡
ͬʱڶ׽٣ˮͰϸĵߣȿֺس߲Ͽȵķÿһ׽٣̺һĨµ־ֵ
顭
̼䣬ػ߲ϿΧľžŰʮһӦ޾˷ϯ
ȥԲ߰ǧ߲ϿȣƱһԭӵըһ׷ɣϿڲɽ塢ľȫڵָ仯ΪС
⣬׽ٴˣ
׽ٵƷʣٶһΣκһ׽٣Ժɱһ벽Ԫĸ֣
׽ٵƾף¾龳ĸ֣Կ⡣ȥ˵߲ϿѱˣǶпܱɲƪ
߲Ͽ֮İħ壬һǵ۷׷ס
￪һɽۣ֮׵ˣҲ˫ȫעز߲̽Ͽе
ڣ̳ɢ䣬һӰ𣬺Ȼ׵ڤ޵峤׿ꡣ
˿̵׿꣬ƺѾܵ׽ٵĺң׹԰ȫݲ
ãԸϴѾʮһǵ׽£߲ʹűԱ
׿תͷһ߲ʹűɫϾҪУ
߲ʹűǰԸϴۣػʱȻԸϴܹžŰʮһ󣬱ҵʮһǣ߲ʹűƵر
һ׽£߲ʹű֧
ʱ򣬶߲ʹűеͳ˧ͭŹףһ
ಣ
һˣ׿ҲƵس߲ϿȵΧӶȥͬʱϵش߶ԪһǧɵӡҶֱյĽơ
¡¡¡¡
ʱʮɫ׵磬׷״׷׿꣬Ҫûҷ
׿̤ͷ৶䣬ԼնٵĻ
Զһ޴ڲһֻʣ°ӵˣѵش֮˳бһԶ׿꣬ɵһЦҪٵĻûôף
˵ţҧ⣬߶ڽʣһ˿ԪΡΡس߲ʹűϿշȥ
ҲĶɽ֮ˣٵĵһĿ꣬Զң
ڣٵľ󲿷ֻἯеҵϣҵҪ׿ܹػ߲ʹűʲôʱ򣡡
ȥʣ°ӵˣȻǳһϣʱ̱߲ʹűݶ״һЦ
ţ
ʲôǸ϶Ȼû
׿ϵʱŲһ٣תͷһĿؿϡ
¡¡¡¡
յĽƹ糱һ쳹ҡػΣɽӱ
ܿ죬׽پҪˣ
ǿ쿴׽پҪˣΪն߲ʹű߲ͬϿȣһ˲ҷ𣡡
ʱ򣬰ħͳ˧벻ڤʶΪᣡ
￪һɽۣ֮һʧ
Ҫڿ˵ϵʱ򣬾Ѿ޳һˡ
ʱһ뵽׽£ϾҪɥȪޡ
櫣ӦΪϸеŶԣðħ龳֣Լ˵еĲڤΪᣬֳ羴Ӣۣ
һ˵
š
櫴ͷ̧ͷ߲Ͽȣһ̣ͽĿĲпһĻ
֡񡢶ҹˣλһ׳˫ֺʮΪ



1347 һƺ
¡¡¡¡
ڣڽħУ׽ٴһΣǧЯһɰԾصĿֲƣƺҪһĳֱӺɲƬ
ÿһħ壬ڿ׽ʱȫر˫
̱߲ʹűݶϵϣ΢Цű˫˲ݶӭӼ
ʱ˿̣ųϵǳӶ΢ȫȻûһ˿η壬һֺĽѸС⣬һ뵽ħͳ˧ΪԼᣬڴ˵еĲڤʣҲӴ伣̲סظеο
@
˭룬ǧ׽ٴһɲǼ䣬һ춯صħ쳹ǧ硣
еħ壬￪һˣȫ𵴣ͫ׽
顭
һֻɳֹǣ͵س߲ʹűݶЯһϢĺħϯ죡
ۡ
ݶϵһģЩݶ׹ȵסӣǰһֻӴƥİ׹ħצһɲǣȻһԭ֮ɫһ˲ɢȡ֮ҵľ
ڤʡɹˣ
ϸѵ촽˼£ҲϢ
ৡ
ͬһʱ̣ɢ߲ϿΧĽħ壬־ĵĵڣȻһֻ߲ʹűӴ׹ħצȫˣ
̫ˣڤʸˣ
˵еĲڤʣһθˣ
ڤʳɹٸֵһᣡ
ħ壬졣
ͬʱ￪ɽۣ֮һˣɵõһԼ
ڤʳɹˣ
׸оһĴ̹ǵܡ
Ըڤ޷ɹ٣һ׹
ֽü
顭
˵ʱʱ죬ǧ׽ٴһɲǣһֻ׹ħצͬһʱ߲ʹűϿգţħӿһ̺޾Ϸ׭ӰʹӰ׹ħצϯӭǧ׽١
˻
һ̣˶š
Ŀ֮УĿһĻˡǧƵĿֲ׽٣һɹϷ׭ûɵӰʱ򣬾Ȼ޷̼ͳ١
ţӰϯ죬ϵ֣֮˲䲦죬ԭյĽƣڰ׹ħצĲŪ£һϴǴûз׽١
ʲô
ڤʾȻһƺ˽ƣ
߲ʹűݶޱȾֵǰһĻöûܻع
ţҿʲôڤʳɹ֮һƾͺ٣ֱħܵ
ҶȻģû뵽ڤӵ˿ֲʵһһƾ£
̫ˣ֪ڤʸ֮󣬾ﵽʲô̶ȣܹӵа벽۾磬ôһǰħ壬ʮþȵˣ
ɢ߲ϿΧĽħ壬Ŀ˽һһĻ֮󣬷׷ʧ½Ϊڤ
￪һɽۣ֮һ˳ױǰһĻˡ
ڤʸһȻӵ˾춯صʵӣҪϵİħһ򾡣ǲ̫ˣ
ⲻڤδҲֲ̫ˣһƾͽ龳ֶԵֿĽƸɢˣֱһ񼣣
ǰװˡ
֡񡢶ҹһˣϵпѡ
ߣ
ǸϿ뿪ǣĻǾ߲ˣ
׽üͷ৶䡣
ڤʳɹͳ˧ָ֮һ˵جġΨо뿪ǣл
ߣ
״һӣһεϯֱӽȫ˱챦Уͬʱȫ߶ӡԳų֮Ӷȥ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬˵
߲Ͽڲ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
׵ӰԴ߲ʹűϯնһŰϣ
Զһ׿꣬һٻŽħ峯߲ʹűķӿ
Ǻǣǧİħ壬ҾҲǵ
ϢٵϾ˻һţһԼ磬ʱֲ񳱣˷ϯ
龳ͳ˧׷׵ɶʧ
ء
Ȼһ̣һֻ׹ħצͺһյϵ֮һһ£׾ٵؽӿȵ񳱸һٴݻˣ
ߣļһ֮ʣȻͼ˺ǣǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
Ϊʲôһĳϣ͵͵Ǳ߲Ͽȣ飬һҪ飡
ߣаݼڤʴˣ
ͳ˧½Ӵİ׹ħצʱϾǹһĨη֮ɫ



1348 黨
ʼԴǣϴ಻ɽУʱһ춯ص޺
ʱֵ磬յա
һӰɽͷһŮݣԼһϮװСĹյǰ͹̣էһͺǴӻ߳һ
ŮȻϺҵǧ
󣬸ŮһɫĶɫװȻҲһվԣ̾ԵЩȻʧɫˡ
С㣬Դӽǰ컯ɾ֮ʹûûҹĽҰޣɱޣǷùҩǶҰˡ
ԵһŮЩԹ
С㣬ǲЩѾߣҲӦԼһŮͷͣĶǧСһɽУһ绨ŮѽĺĿɮ
ǲɬһЦҵķǻĹʮеһŽ壬עҪһҵˡܹΪ£ĸ
СѾ΢㡣׺ųһһˣ⣬֮ŮܹΪ׵ӡϧÿһŮˣĸ
ǣҪΪŮˣһҪѧܼį
΢΢̾ϢгһգܹΪұۣһͬңǧ硣ĻҪڳõļįжɹʱ⡣ڣҵʵֻΪָƿԣҪڷȡԼл׷ڽԡ
СѾߣɵӻȻ
ԭô¡
˵Դ״ֻĹźңӺУ׳ɹ֮󣬾һֱࡣ˼֮࣬ҹܹ׳Ϧ飬ͷϡ
Ҳ֪ΪŽ壬츳׿עһˡ׵޾ǳ󺣵ġ
ԣҪԼܹõһݰͱҪܵԼľΪܹΪ׵ұۣһͬ¡Ͳ˼֮ˡ
СӢѾسޡ
ʵֻһŬָ粽컯ɾҲһֱڱչؿޣҾԲĵ
ɫװѾЦͷ
˵ϽŮһʮǢԴףŮ۾ôߣ˶£ڶŮ鳤ϣԶС۵ġ
˵ǧС㣬òܹͬŮһѾǳˡ
ҲֻףܹԸ
С㣬ӣʮҲҪˣ㻹ǸϽص𽣶쾲Ⱥա֪Ȳˡ
һѾ߾һЦ
΢㣬ҾˣǻصңҸʸá˵ţһӣٻһ̨Ҫϡ
Сټ
ڣ
Ѿߵֳֽһֻػ裬и
䡭
˭룬ʱһĽâ͵شһֱӽЦļѾ߸նϣ񱩵ĽŽ糱˲佫Ѿ߸ûһĲĩδ
ҪֻʧɫŵǰһĻ
߿УӰնһһɽĿֲϯ£ѹȵ
ѹԶʥĸ֣龳ֶеרѹ
ǡǺηʥΪҪնɱҵӣ
Ŭ򶨣Сֶתꡣ
龳ĸ֣һԪ綼δ̤ŮӣȻûзֻܹʮΪϼơ
ͣ
ȻСûӹ龳ֵķۣһɫ۵ͦӣ͵һ£Ƴգֱӽ̨˲Ƭ
һڵأɫ԰ֽ
ҵӣҵķŽ壬ǽɱңҵķ֪һŹǵġ
ҧ
ৡ
ӰɵӶЦǺǣķŽô֪ŽԪ磬ǻһССʥô
˵ţɫ۵ӣ͵ظǰһԴϣţһһƿеһճںɫճҺĿС
ĵ˲ʣ̱ڵأûһ˿һķ
ܿ죬̷ںɫҺȫ෢ϣ̵úһպ
컯ɾŮе黨ϣŽǸһҪʧ
ɫ۵ӹһЦ



1349 Űݷ
ڳһᾪȵط֣¶龳֣Ȼ컯ɾ컯ɾߴ֮һ족³ϡ𡱣
Ϊ𽣬츳׿ѪƷʼߣǾ峤֮һӥĶӡ
⣬һҲ˳̨ϿɣӵԵͬǣʶӣ˳̨ھʮŲ̨֮У׵ʶӣ˵ھŲ̨ڲ
ֵһǣڽ̵ʥӽ𻢣ݵ£Ϊ״ӡ
֮䣬һʮԼܿҪһս
ؼʱ̣Ϊ𻢵ʦ𣬾Ȼ컯ɾ壬Ҳ֪Ϊ
壬Ϊ˶Ըһ޸֮СŮӣ
վλߣ磬ɲ⣬ؿĻ£Կλߣĺĳϡ
һߣۣԪ۳ϡ
һߣ뿪£ִϡ
λĺĳϣ龳֣ңһҲڳ̨ھʮŲ̨һʶӡ
ΪĺĳϣűԪ뿪£Ҫ֮ϡ
ǣĸ˾峤ӥңӡԺһˣǹΪĳϵԪ뿪Ҳܹ⡣
ĺĳϣһ۳ϴ֣վġ
ŮɲƽϺҵǧͬʱҲŽŮ֮һ
΢΢һЦ
Щķ˲ռѶϢŮмʲôһ
ߣǸ壬Ҽ̳˹˵һַ壬컯ɾк޼ɣһص壬Ҳܹʥǰûл֮
ҿֱ֣ɱŽڵŽ𽣶죬նǽ𽣶Ǵ˽𽣶Ҳˣ
뿪Цһûн𽣶
ԣҡͷһЦǴ˷ǰҪնɱŽ壬ҡŽҲɱɱġλϣϣܹԽУһЩη֮飬ʱ׷Ī
Ԫ뿪²ɵɫһ䣬ʱȻŭϧƺôǣһӣһС͵Ļ֣𣬷߿С
ֻ죬ͻѡҸõĻ֣ӦûʲôΣաǺǣѾȲҪŽǸһڿ黨֮󣬻ʲôķӦˡ
һƣһǻҸոһƷʮּ
һ١
뿪ЦһԪ𣬸
߰ɣǻ
ߴһһͳһ̨ϡ
ǶԸʲôСϺװɣԪ
ǺǣҪǰڽ̡ţӦѾڽ̵ĸ߲˽ܣڣǾҪŰݷˡ𵭵
ڽô
뿪²ɵǰһ΢΢Ϲ龳ֳһɹһССĽڽ̣ôܾǵ⣬ΪǾϽأ
ҡͷһЦҵжûд󣬽ڽǶȻӦǵҪģ෴һɫƣһǵơ
˻
䣬뿪Ԫɵ΢΢һ
ʲô
һССĽڽ̣ȻҾܾΪϽ
ңҪ컯ɾλһɫƣ
δҲ̫֪˰գ
Ԫ뿪һʱ䲻Щ죬һۣϾǸֳһĨЦ
ǺǣҵҪһʼԴϵĶɣܸʲôɫƣ
˾ĳϣǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣӵԵһɶ壬δҲ̫ѷɫˡ
뿪Ԫɱڡ
Ԫ뿪һŹֵɫ𵭵һЦΪھ죬컯ɾеĺ壬ڽ̾ͻὫĴиãڽڽЩ컯ɾ飬û̫ԽпԡοһҪȡڽ̵Ĵиڽ̾ΪС
ⲻҪϷںͷһýڽ֪Ǿ죬ڽûδġ
³һϸֳһĨ֮ɫһȵز˴̨֮ϡ
뿪ԪԣҡҡͷҲŲ봫̨
ܿ죬Ӱƾʧڸ߿С
̵ɽΧһƬïܵ⣬̱ڵأʡ¡Զʱһ춯ص޺˸εѡ
ҹһЩ



1350 ˷
պһշתǳͨصʼԴǡ
һƬ󺣵Ͽաһ̽ʵǧսƾͣڸ߿УȻǳ׼硣
̫ˣڻص˳˼ĺĹǡ
ڴߣŹϤľɫɵ¶΢Ц
ѾȲҪصˣ֪ҵĸ׼ңһʲôı飡һϣ֮ɫ
ҹ֣ҲϲЦտΪ
ֵˣȫ˳ش컯ɾ飬ңȫɹԪ磬Ϊ˴˵еʥߡ
ֵˣ˳صԵ֮󣬶޴ĺ䶯
λ
ɤӣ˵Ŀ⣬ȫԼ֮һطԸ˵Ǹովǧգò׻ص˹ǡϾݲаи֮ġ
ħռǵ飬Ҫ촦
׵
֡ҹˣȫͷ
һţǵתŸ߲㣬պԼڻĹżͷһԲߡס飬ǧ˽⴫ҿɲϣİɱ֮ǰħѾ˳ǡ
׷Ըһ
ַģ
ҹ
ߣѾȲҪɱǣնħħɱˣҽС
櫡
תͷһĵ櫣漧ǰĹżң˵ŻĹżһӵġ
櫵˵ͷתͷ
ŵ櫿񣬼ͷоڣ櫣һȥԣԲ׼ٵڽҵСˣ
һεصͷ
ȫôЦ
һӣֱӽеǧ˸ٻ˳
櫣ǳһҴߣ쵼׵
櫵˵ͷǧ೤˷ܵУȫԼıڲ
ǡ
Ŵ򿪣һ
λպپۡ׻֡
ڣ
ڣ
£֡ҹˣٻһ̨һЩΪԴ꣬ܿʧ١
߿УֻʣĦݿˡ
˶ֵܣظңвɵһпҡҡͷָƽֽ׼ڣţҲͳһ̨˽𽣶ꡣ
þûлص𽣶ˣȻЩӡ³һ
¡¡
ܿ죬Ħݿ˵Ӱƾʧڸ߿С
𽣶ڲͱ˫֣ȹϵϣⲽ
ڲķҲˡһͷӶ˽
ⶼöȥˣΪʲôǸСӻ
ǺǣҲ̫ˡǲѾõ鱨˵ǽɹ컯ɾгңǽ壬ҵķ֣ɽϷĹżҵļ񣬻ĹŶټҵĶҹҲ顣
ףΪ
͵˵ͷûãΪ̼վڴڲⲽ
ף컯ɾгˣҲϿصţҲ֪ĶɽˮأȻصţôѵΪ

أһӳϥء
ˣ
̼䣬ڵȫ˫Ź⡣
ǡ
ŵĵҡҡͷǧ޽ڵʹ߹ʮ衣˵ǧ޽ڵʥӣַԮŵ˳컯ɾдʮ裬Լõ񡣡

̼䣬ȫ𶯡
ǧ޽͹ʮ裿
⼸죬иŵʹ߹ͼʮ裬̶̼գѾǧˣ
ңЩʹߵ˵Ƕһ˵ǸµʥӣԷ׻˳컯ɾдַĸ
ַȻܹ֮ţĸԸؽʮ׹ǧ裬ǽ𽣶νƴ֣ۺ񣡡
һʱ䣬ڵĸȫ۷׷ס
һһǻ
ͲɵÿЦá
Ϊʲôô˵ǽ𽣶ǧ裬Ǵһһÿ͡
˭룬ͱһһңЩ裬˵㣬Ǹл˵㣬ǽһܡңһӾ͵˳ɰǧšǽ𽣶еĵλˡ
һһƺȷ
˵һѾ컯ɾԪ磬һʥˣ
ٿأɫһ䣬ΪοСӣûʧ



1351 
ʦ֣֮ǰŵһɹ̤Ԫ磬ΪһʥߣҪλͣ𽣶֮λø壬İɣ
һϮ۶ڸ¶棬ʱһЦشȤ
д⡣
Ц帣Եδ𽣶ý쵼ǰ;Ϊ֮һֱûλͣΪһֱûгɳ񣬼ȻѾΪһʥôҲʱλˡ
ֻһ
һЦ
ʲô
üͷһʵ
ʽȢҵŮΪޣһҷˡ΢΢һЦ
ȫһƬЦ
ò˵Ǻơ
ȻλˣȴԼŮ޸ףһ׾ͳΪ͵ŮԼˣΪ׵ˣλ֮󣬳Ϊ̫ϳϣڵȴΪŮڣ
𽣶ڲĸʱһɫӡ
ԭΪ̫ķƽƽһתۼȥ׳ΪʥҺܿҪν𽣶֮λˡʱ򣬸ͽΪ׵£׵ĺ
øһʱ˼ת׵ķѾʵһǳߵĲΡҲұ︹ף̫ˡ
𽣶֮⣬նϵ׹ȴ׵Ŀ
ָô컯ɾнʶĸŮҸ˰ɣ
ߣҪٸŮ̸˵Ҿ
Щҳ˼ĺ룬ҹΪָǽλˡ˵ѾɹΪʥأΪҵָ硭
ԶգһıģһģʮָЦ
ˢˢ
ٿأƾճڸ߿֮ϣϰ֮ࡣ
ţ
ָ𣿡һϲʧǣ֮Уû׵Ӱ
ף½
Ŀ΢΢𣬲ɫ΢䡣
½壬𽣶Ĺϵǳš½̣½̵ʥǧѰմ֣ͼ췴ȡ𽣶֮λ󽣶³ջС
û뵽ʱʮ꣬½̵ٶ˽𽣶졣
ǵʱ̣Х½̵ͷˣȻʥǧѰʡͷˣͬ⣬ħ֮Ƶİ
𽣶ʲôĪҲлģ
һڶʱһֹ
ʲôл񣿡
һЦǽ𽣶Ž壬컯ɾթŵʥӼʮ裬ڣǸлδЩ̫Ϊˣ
½̵ʥǧѰʣЦһһ˦
һƣЯһɺƵʥǳ⧲֮£ֱӱȷ˳ȥ
ۡѪС԰ס
䡭
Ǻηʥ˽𽣶죬ǧ𣡡
ʱһƽըװıƾӰΪһ⣬һʱ䵲ǰ
ȻǸʥ֣
ৡ
ͬʱ𽣶ӵڰꡢշȳϵ£ɱڵر½
½̵ǧѰʡ
һֳȵƫƫӣЦһ޾ɫؿ£Ŀ͵һɨţ˸µϣǽǧѰʦܴ˵ĸ°ɣǺǣһΪء
°ȻǰһһڣһΪǺηʥԭ½̵һ߹ϹĹۡȻ𽣶£ҿǲˣ
ڣ͵ӿһ糱İƣŵ½̵˷׷׺󳷡
ʲô
һ߹
ǧѰֱ£ҧãõúܣһҾʲôǸ𱰣ʲôǷǺڰף˵ţתͷԵİħǳְգձҪ̤ƽ𽣶죡
䣬𽣶£ȫɫ䡣
һȻħ
ʥǧѰ֣ǽ𽣶ʤɾͲˣ
û뵽廹û͸ô鷳
𽣶ĵӣһʧ

ߵħˬһЦͣҾһӣŽ彻Ǵãôұ㲻Ϊǽ𽣶죬㿴ô



1352 Ҫ
˻
̼䣬ȫΪ֮Ȼ
û뵽ʥôĿһҪˡ
ߣʥδҲ̫Ŀˡǽ𽣶߾ߵĵط
ûȻǽ𽣶ˣǽ𽣶ĸ飿Эˣ嶼Ὣǽ𽣶쵱󡣡
Žδźѡˣôܹ⴦ãֱһЦ
䣬𽣶۷׷ףɱ졣
ħǲ˵Ҫ𽣶һɽ壬նɱ¡ôˣ
ǧѰЩ޵ؿ
ߵİһƣ廹׼𽣶ȫ濪սңƾǵܷնɱ£Ҳһδ֪һĿķǳ򵥣Ҫý𽣶콻Ž壬Ϊʥһ档
ǧѰϢһϣüͷ΢΢һ

ǳ˵ΣΪƾһ仰ǾҪԹԽˣ
ɱ죬粽ãǽ𽣶쿪սҲη壡գȻǽ𽣶죬ͼ棬Ե㵽ס
ߣȥ򡣡
ͰȻŰ
ħ֮ƵİɵЦһЦͣ㲻һ½ʥȻҲҸʥа壿ãúãҽվ֪ħĳƺţǶϷ
˵ţһӣϰӣ⡣
롣
³ƮƮһ˵ģʱҲǵȻһЦǧѰʣʣµĶֽ½̵ʥ
ߡ
ǧѰһҲ˱⡣
ĴʥֵԾһ״ϴԣҪս
Ȼ˸ոʱ̣һ̨ƾմ͵˽𽣶Ͽգȥ̨ϵӰȻͦǹף
쿴ˣ˾
ৡ
ʱ𽣶һ˵ȣԼ½ȫѭס
ʦ֡
һˣ
һ۾ͿͣʱϲЦտɣ͵Ļһܱ
壬ǻˣ
壬ãҪ½忪ս
շǰһοؿס
ʲô
½Ҫǽ𽣶쿪ս
΢΢һʱŭһɰɱ
ָ硣
һ׵Ӱʱһίسǰ޵滨ꡣ
ãôˣ׿ϵӡɵۺѪ˿
û¶ͺãͺá
æס׵С׵Ŀ⡣
½̵ʥǧѰʴģ̫İٴһ׿˷ܣʱǰ
Ŷ½̵Ĺִô
һƣЦЦתͷĿ絶ؿ½̵һڵӡ
ʱϰ½̵ĵӣȫûɵشһ
ʥǧѰʣܵеɱ֮ҲһȻܵ¶һ˿ų֮ɫ
ܿ죬ǧѰʾ뵽Լʥ֣ܱһСס
һˣǧѰʲɵһطЦ

ԭŮŮˣ֪Ҿͽ̣飬ٻˡǧѰʲЦ

׽üԪƻɽһ͵ϯһһ̺ŰɫѪĵâƾճǧѰȥ
ǧѰĶ뵽һС֣
⧲֮£ҪֵֵȻΪʱ
ֻһĵâֱӽǧѰʵָ
̼䣬Ѫ׷ɡ
ҵ֡ǧѰʥʱ˿̣۵ֱУްԡ

ͻһĻڳȫĿ࣬Լ۾
ףȻһǧѰʵָǶô׵ֶΣ
ţûпɣʵҲֲ̫ˣȻʥԵֵİһ
һǿᣬʱ򣬾նɱʥ߼֣񣬽ΪʥδؾͲǧѰʵĶ֣
˷컯ɾг½ˣտֲʲôˣ
ڳ۷׷ס
Ҫɱ㡭
ǧѰʴ߶Ԫѵ½ӻظϣţ״س׷˶ȥ
Ҫսսǣ
Цһ̤ӡ䣬Ѿռ֮С
壡
壡
һû뵽׾ȻǧѰʣҪһ֮



1353 ʥսū
Ȼ컯ɾп飬һһٽԪ磬ΪʥǣҪԵĵˣ½̵ʥǧѰʣǧѰʵǷǽ𽣶ͣҲû̫İսʤ֮
񿴵սǧѰʣȻؿ׳Կʱɣ⣬׼Ԯ
ָ磬ǧҪ嶯
ֱţæ̤𽣶һڵӣ֮С
˼ĺ룬ǽ׸λˣһҪʥսʱú£˺ѷΡ
뵣ǡʦ³ڣ岻Σյġ
շػԣȰο
½ǣأлңĬĬᡣ
ռ䣬ɳ衣Ųӡ
ʦܡ
һ֮
ˣһһң׵ԣɱ죬Ԫĵ
ʦ֡
תͷͣɵ¶һ˿ЦԸһССʥʦԳˣνɱţ½߹һ˽ͳˣ
˵赭дûнǧѰ
ţ
˵ʲôҪԶԸʥ
²ɵһʱ侹ЩԶԡ
˶˵ŽԵ׵ĿδҲ̫ˡ
һССʥȻҪսʥ֣
˵ʵǧѰϣ𽣶ĸ֣ҲûоԵȡʤաһССʥȻҪһж
ң׵Ŀƺնɱʥ˵ǲֻһ׾١
ʦܣĪ⣬ǧѰɶʥͨһۣԲ롣
üͷ΢΢вЦ
ӣǲչֳһЩʵˣǾԲðǧѰʶսˡ
ǧѰʲ֪ð𽣶죬ǳһƣ
˭
׵Ůˣ
Ž壬ԼŮ˶ãǴȥƱؽΪһЦ
֮£ֻһһӰٻ˳
䡭
ʱڻȪʼħڵ϶Ħݿˣ׸ٻ˳һһƣ𵴣ʧɫ
ʲô
һʥ
ֲܵѹǽ𽣶ĵӣ½ĵӣȫʧɫһĿۣ´Ħݿˡ
ܿ죬ʧ
쿴һڻȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣ
Ħݿ˺ų϶öƶʥ֮޳ңô
ĦݿƺŽӱڲٻģʲôʱȪʼħڵʥһˣ
˵Ȫʼħʮ֮ɣǰħϽ񰵺ħٶ壬Ħݿ˾ǵзѣ
һʱ䣬־˷
ȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣ
Ȼһһ䱸ضŲԶĦݿˣ䷢ʣĦݿˣ𽣶죬Ϊ£
½Ħݿˣһͨطֻ׼ʱҪʹɱ֡
ܵĿеĸɫĦݿ˿Цãæ첽ǰ׵ǰع񣬡ūŲμˣ֪˽ūٻΪ£
䣬ȫˣȫĿ࣬ԼĶ䡣
ţʲôûȪʼħڵ϶ĦݿˣȻƽΪˣһһūԳƣ
ʲôʱΪĦݿ˵ˣĦݿ˿ʥʵǳǿᣡôݵڽ£
ҶȻʵ
ȫһƬȻ½ʥҲ𶯣
ǧѰ֣ҲδܹսʤµϣǸ£ʥʥ޵֣ɲʲôֽϻ
ֶһڻȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣôý֣ǧѰѾˡ
ΣǧѰҲûսʤ¡Ħݿʥĳϣ
һ㣬ýֺͷܹ
λŴҶǳΪûȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣΪˡ
ܵ˾ɵĿ⣬׵һЦýԭǳ򵥡
׶һ٣һӣڿǧѰϵɫʱ䷢ЦҴ컯ɾгżȻֻȪʼħ밵ħᣬų϶Ħݿˣʮ⣬ΪħӺ顣ԣҾͽÿ޵ĸԸذݵҵĽ£ӽ󣬸а̷Ϊˣ
˵ţתͷбһ۱ϹϾվĦݿˣһЦĦݿˣ˵Ķô
Ħݿ˻æ񣬴ͷӦԼǡ˸ūָūܹаˡ˵Ĵ£ūԣͬĸ
δ䣬Ħݿϥһͨһڵء



1354 

ȫڡ
𽣶һڵӣȫȸԾ־ϲ
ɻˣڿĦݿ˵һһ֮ȫ𾪵ԸӣٲţҲı䲻ĦݿԸΪūʵ
һԪʥȻһպʥ
һʲô
ӽ׵Ʊؽ쳹壬һ֮ߣ磡
ţҿʲôŽȻһʥǻȪʼħڵ϶Ħݿˣ
ţŽδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣȻԽһʥ
ŽԴӳʼһֱóԽս˵ԽսǼҳ㷹ǣѾΪʥĽ壬նɱһʥǻǿԽܣ˭룬ӾȻһʥңĦݿ˵̬ĸԸΪ׵ūģ׸ǱϹϾֱţ
ˣӣóūĦݿˣ͹ǺһˣǧѰʻǰûʲôսʤĦݿˣ
½ļӣȫдģɫٿȻ䡣
ǧѰɫһƬң׵񣬾ͺǿһֻ
Ľ壬δѵӵѹʥʵĻĦݿΪλĸԸسΪū
ǧѰüͷ壬ͷ৶䡣
һΪԹбһǧѰʣ֮УΪ֡ƺڱԹǧѰʽ𽣶ֿԡ
ʦܣƾһ֮Ħݿˣ
öûܷӦݺݵһĭ󣬲һŵѯס
ǧȷʦ֣ʲôʱƭ㣿
ʼһĦݿ˵ƨϣŵĦݿͷūţûʦ񣿡
ūλǰͷˣ
Ħݿսսڵأһһ˿ͷĩˣĵһѯסڿޱ飬ƺ֮һӣһڽ𽣶ĵǰҾ̬ϣ̬Ɒ΢
һĻŵý𽣶һڵӷ׷״ʧɫɹ
ģΪ𽣶ĵӣʲôʱʥָҾңʥһ΢̬һҡβĹ͹
ˣ㿴
ϣĦݿһɬǰؿס
һǻӦ
ȫžš
ָ硭һʱԣ׵ȫˡ
߾һŽ壬ȻǷǺڰףö֮عҵħۣͬ
˽𽣶һ֮񹴽Ȫʼħڵʥǽ𽣶Ѿ˳ħˣ
ҽϢİ̾ͻ̤ƽǽ𽣶죬ʱҵҪŽ廹ʲôҪ˵
ǧѰٿرȳһȻģſھϸߣ׿һñӣڣֱӽ𽣶Ϊͽҵһࡣ
ǧѰʣĪҪѪˣ
Ϊ𽣶ǧѰĨڽ𽣶죿ǰһɽİƣѹȵǧѰʴʦѾ˵÷ǳˣĦݿѾаĸԸ̷ʦΪˣٿʵʹɱ½Ҫһ˵
ʱ˿̣𽣶һӵʥӵʵʵʥĸ֣˵ϣѾȫѹ½һ˵ȻƱˣη塣
ʦ֣һϹһƽϡ
ԵʮֵȻǺǣ˵һ½̵ССʥ΢ᣬҹΪͽҵһ࣬ҲûáνģһϹֻƬܹ̤ƽǽ𽣶죬δҲ̫ˣ
˵ţ΢΢̣ΪмƳһɫǺǧѰʡ
ȫôЦ
˵û
ȻǧѰʣ½̵ʥ⣬Ӱۺ½̵ʥԶԶ
Ȼ˵׽٣ǣ׵ѱ£ԺգǰĹźף𾳽ĵһܶԳ˵ʲôʵĹŷҡĹżҵȵÿһ˵֣ɱ½̵ľްˣ
ۺǧѰǰһδµͯ
ǧѰʾȻҪ̤ƽ𽣶죬ֱǳ˵Ρ
ȻǧѰʳΪ½̵ϹЦˡ
һֻлҧ˵ĹղŻҫҪնɱ壬Ҫ𽣶һڿǽ𽣶˶ڣŵ˵ˣΪʥˣ
ϹϽβ͹ɣȻĻһǾҪɱˣ
𽣶ĵӣ׳ʱˣʥҲǺ޹˼ɵسԲѷĭɣ֮ܡǧѰĻӿЩʡ



1355 ųɿ
ãһŽ壡
㲻ͽҵҲûйᰵħ壬ǣȪʼħҲԲŹ㣡
ҽȪʼħʥĦݿˣΪһū飬תȪʼħڣţҪ˶ãȪʼħھͻɱ𽣶Ҫһ˵ʱϣ㻹ܹӵнյǣ
ǧѰ¿ˮ̣أԣϷ
ȪʼħҪҪ˵ô
üͷһһЦ˵ĶԣҽĦݿ˵飬Ǻݺݳ˻Ȫʼħһ⣬ûȪʼħɨأ˵Ȫʼħһҵ鷳
ʵϣûȪʼħڳܿ죬ҾͻŰǰȪʼħɱƬײ
һİƣûнȪʼħڷ
˻
䣬ȫΪ֮𶯣
ףȻҪɱȪʼħڣϾɱ
˵𽣶ҲǿܹΪȪʼħڻҪһߡΪӵ˵ҪԻȪʼħڽиϾɱ
Ҫ֪Ȫʼħڵı󣬿аħ֧ţܹ֮Ȼĵ
һʥȻҪȪʼħڣ
һʱ䣬ͬһӪĽ𽣶ӣҲҡͷڴꡣ
ǺǣǷôĿ
ǧѰЦ
½̵ļٵӣҲ׷׳ס
Դˣɫž޲ȹ̣˿ûһĶݡ
Ϊֻ֪ҪϷ飬ɢʱĶ̻ţɱפİħ壡
ڻȪʼħڣΪħİ֣ȻҲѲ˹ϵ
ϻ˵
Щͷػ˻֣תͷ£ʦ֣˱ܣҪ½̽ǧѰϹ
һЦһΣû˿ԥ׵ļһԲ˱ܿ
ʱ˿̣¶ѾӵŲʥʵĻȻ޷Ħݿʥ
ţ
Ž壬ղſڿ˵Լƾһ֮϶ĦݿˣҿſڿӰɣб£һܹƾһ֮նɱңұķڷ
ǧѰһ׼֣
Ȼ˵Ѿʥ˱ˣ׼ս;У»֡˵ˣ׵ԣһĹūĦݿأ
ĦݿˣǧѰдˣ

ǧѰʣСɣҶһ˿֮Ķʧ
ҼȻѾųҪһ֮նɱ㣬Ͳõڶ֣
׺˿٣ըףһµɺ顣
ĦݿбһǧѰʣһЦһڣһεسսȦƺĦݿ˿ǧѰʸ׵Ķ֣ԣūţҲԲҪġ
֣ϣܹսݡ
ʱʥҲʮ֪Ȥһڵ˱ܿƺҲԸǧѰ׵
ʵϣľ£ǰҪԮҲǳ˵Ρ
Էʥ񣬰һһڶԷƿ֮£Ķֵõ
ã
Ž壬ǧѰʾһʵ
գһ
ǧѰʱһСƵ±ߣѾòӦսȣȫԲӲӣһ·࣬ǧѰʵı޾Ԫ˳һƬһգͨ쳹ء
һԹսڶӣȫ鲻ԽصһΪһѺ
̶ֳȵԪҲó԰ڣǭ¿
׻ֽţǵصĿֲѹ˿һЦȫûһ˿ɫ
ȭ
һ̣̤ӡΪһ⣬һöڵһǧѰʡ
ţ
ʲôһȻֶûд߶ǧѰʽˣ
ʱȫһƬȻ
𽣶ÿһӣȫͫ׽ЩԼ۾
ǧѰȫ߶Ԫٻ󺣰ޱߵԪ˳һ׹УҪû
˵ȻҲҪ߶ԪҲҪ֧ŻػܹǧѰʽ֡
˭룬׾ȻֿȭһçһԳǧѰʷ˶ȥ
ֱǲ֪
һܵشȻ޾ͨҲս
ģѰ·
һ׳ֿȭط˶ǧѰзŹ⣬ץסʱȫ߶ͷϷ·࣬µգųɿգھ䣬޾Ԫ˳ҲƵӿ·֮Уԭð·࣬ں޾˳֮󣬶ʱùڣɢһֲ



1356 ͷ
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ǧѰΪʥ֣սʱİգν¯ָ࣬һ˲ʱ䣬ͽں޾Ԫ˳·࣬ݺ£
һԻһǳ
䡭
ֲձɳ
·Ҫͷ׵һ˲䣬ƽһըװıʱһ쳹ǧ磡
ˡ
һǧս̺һɰԾصѹ˸ε㺮Ѫӿ
Ȼ׵Ľط֮һġ

ȻǧѰʣ˲Ϣս;УҲԤͻһʱ䣬ֻöĤ˺ѣĻңŴ߶·־ҲΪ֮һ٣
ǧ֮һ˲ͣʱ̣׽̤ӡһӹ˷ĺң֮յس嵽ǧѰʵǰ
ã
ǧѰʧ֮£һͳһƷʥͺݺݵشס
˭룬׸ù˼ŵʥһšԲ˸һݺ˦£
˻
˲ϢսԹ۵ĵӣȫĿ࣬һ´˾ʵս

ֻһװĽԴ˿ɽѣͷĿѣ
ȥȻǧѰеһƷʥ׵֮ϣֻĿǣðƷʥȻ׵Ƥⶼδˣ˵׵Ѫ֮Уشˣ
ȫΪ֮Ȼ
ÿһԹ۵ˣȫһĿͣÿŹһס
ǧѰеİƷʥȻû׵
Ҫ֪һֶûд߶ƾǵƷʣӲһ
ţҿʲôŽȻƾǣӲ˰Ʒʥİһң߶Ʒʥˣһʥ
δҲ̫˼ˣû뵽ŽǣȻƷʥѹֿȭ͸ǧѰʣԭеģ
˴۽磬û뵽һʥȻԽǴ˵زͭٲȻѾһα
ƾ˿ֲǣͬʥߣһ벻ŽĶˣ֮ǰ˵ƾһ֮ʥĦݿˣһɣĿŽʵνǴ۽磬У
ȫһƬȻÿһʿ˫עһ˿Ԫ˸˸Ź⡣
˲ϢսƾƽۣѾԲ׽Ļˡ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬׼Ϊ³һ⣬׺ݵ˦ǧѰʵ֮ϣֻһ죬ʯأƽһըףֻԭ׷ɣսǧѰʣͺһһصص˳ȥ
ݣѪĿġ
أҵǧѰʲҺһƲƤķ
ɳ˺üǧѰʲżѵסӡ
˷׷ϸƣǧѰʵİƤ⿪ѣѪⷴתİ׵Ļһ𣬾ͺһֻˤõϣֺǵеƤʬʱ򣬲ɵһƬȻ
ǿûУŽȻһƳǧѰʣİо
ǰˣŽųһһˣ˵ǵһغϣȫѹʥǧѰʣͶأ
ΪµǣŽƺûȫսֻǵǧѰսôľ
𽣶һڵӣһȸԾַǷ
һ˴۽磬컯ɾУһǵõĪĻԵĻʵҲز
һĸпꡣ
ʦܣͻȻҪΰ˷ȥһˡ̾Ϣ
˻
շһŹֵؿ¡񽣶治ڣ¾ǽ𽣶Ĺǣ𽣶벻¡
ŽǰϹŶƺѾûʲôڵıҪˡֻҪŽڣ𽣶ֻ˥䣡
һꡣ
շɵӴЦ׵񣬾ͺһء
ָúá
˷ܵñıΪޡ
֮ǰǧѰʸһƣΪ׵ŮˣȻˡ
ǿУ׺壬Ƴ죬һƳǧѰ֮󣬵һЦƺЩ񫣬תͷһЦãһúóһڶġϹҳһ⣬ҽҪһͷ
ص˵ͷ
ʱ˿̣ĿУٲȻѾ·ֻҪŵ飬һܹɡ
СӣȻʩչ͵Ϯ
ǧѰʼѵסΣݺݵһѪˮһ񶾵ضס



1357 ߲ʻǹ
͵Ϯ
ζһЦ㼼ˣҵĶ֣ԹҿͷлҴ󷢴ȱһȫʬǲͣسϹѵú𣿡
վ㴵컨׹ӿҲûãҾԲ飡
ضǧѰʣһͷ
ȫôЦ
ǧѰ΢΢һһʱЩѵ
˵ֻһʥˡǧѰʿʥ֡Ҫ߳һ󾳽磬ȫεʿ
ǧѰ׽Ծռ˷ǳıˣ
˭룬ûоòƽʥǧѰȴ˱˻ԣڿָʩչ͵Ϯ
ֱǻ֮Ц
ս֮ϣչͨʵΪĶʲôŵȣ
һŽ壬ΪʮĹеһĴڣ
ղˣռϷ磬ҿɾҪˣ
ɽХĳЦǧѰʸоЩҲסҧгݵһ䳡滰һ㽫һ߲ʳǹٻ˳
һ߲ʳǹһ֣ͷһһɿֲʥϯ졣ȥһֻӴĻ˻߲ʳǹ֮ϣ޾ԡ
䡭
նΪ֮
쿴ǧѰʽ߲ʻǹٻˣһƷʥǳֲ
ǧѰҪˡŽƷʣٿֲҲԵֵ߲ʻǹɱ
֪ŽҪӦԣǷǳڴ
ǧѰٻ߲ʻǹ𽣶ĵһʧΪһѺ
߲ʻǹ
ȺǰͲɵ΢΢üû뵽ǧѰһʥԪĽսȻٻ˳Ƕ˶ˣ
ãŽǹҲôԿֻǽսҪܵ룬սһпѹƣ
侲طš
շȳϣ񣬰Ϊ
ǿУɳХ
ͦǹ壬ȫûнǧѰʸܵƷʥ߲ʻǹĿֲѹʱײɵϷŰһЦһּǧѰʡ
񣬾ͺһԹɽ亣ζĴ󸻺ͻȻһؤԼǰҫոմ񵽵һͷһǿҵԽУȻ
壬ĩյˣҪеһ߲ʻǹͷ
ǧѰ߲ʻǹȫԡһֻӴĻ˸ͷϿա
һЦ
һƷʥȻҲֵ˽Ŀˣ
ЦǧѰʵҪľжġ
ʲô
һƷʥǧѰʲһЦҡҡͷ壬֪ӵнǹҵ߲ʻǹҪö࣬ǣƾľΪԴ߶ǹ
գҾ㳢ҵ
˵ţǧѰʺƻ壬̤֣лһ߲ʻǹɱڵس׷˶
ңԸһëСĶõűǹ
һЦŷ˶Ӱ˿Ϊ⣬̤ӡԻΪһ⣬շתŲͬһת˲䣬ԶԶ˦ǧѰʡ
ûУȻ׼ýǹǧѰʶս
ýĿδҲ̫ˣǧѰʺôҲʥƷʥ֣νɱɱ񡣽ٱ̬ҲֿܳȭǧѰʣ
ѵ廹еûչֳ
½ĵӣһ۷׷ף
ǹ
أһըװıǧѰ󶶶԰ǧǹӰʱÿһǹӰ̺ΨҶİ֮ϸƣֻȻ䷢ЩǹӰȻһֻֻչ߷ɵСˣľԡһΣ׷ףҪ׺ɲƬ
ǰǹ½̵Ĳط
ǧѰƾһװǹܹĹҵһʥӴԶû뵽ջĶսУٶʩչһµǹ
ǹԵֵ֪ܷͣס
𽣶һڵӣϰֱġ
ৣ
ʱһ٣ƾͣ˽ŲǹͦϯǧǹӰ΢΢̣ţͻһ춯ص쳹ǧ硣
ˡ
ǧսǿ֮еˣȫҽŵ÷̱
ʲô
԰ǹΧˣȻѵƽ֮ˣ
壬ҪǾϲ𣿡
𽣶ĵӣɵðо



1358 ʥ
ڴĿֲУ̼ͭͻûһʱ伡͹ƤĤ˺ѣ͹ȫһĿı֮С
ţ
ǿ쿴Ҫˣʶڵһʱ侪
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲۽׵ϡ
ԶǧѰʣҲĿһһŹֵؿס
ǡ
˵ʱʱ죬ʵϲֻǧ֮һʱ䣬׵Ƥ֮£ͷسһööϽۣĿ֮£һգ۵ĹƵϽۣͻۻûһ۱ףȥ׵ȫ£ԲӲӣǷ
˾ȵǣڹؽڴλãһļ̣˸˸η
һצ絶ɢŵѪζ
ȥ׾ͺһޣȫϽ֮£Ψһ˫ɫ۾¶⣬ɢһĨĮζЦЦؿǧѰʡ
ţҿʲôȻһӱΪһս񣡡
ѵǽһͨ𣿾ȻԱó޵ģ
Ž屾ǣƷʥˣ񣬴һϽ۱ף֪Ʒʣһʲôĳ̶ȡ
ȫһпǽ𽣶ĵӣ½ĵӣȫĿؿǰޣöûܷӦ
һȻһͷޣ
͵һ־ϲ̫ˣʵ̫ˡӣ컯ɾõĻԵˣԶԶҪö࣡
µɴһţۣѾ˺ŽţѹܹһʥҵǹƥǧѰʽа塣ԭӵ˾춯صط֣
ʦ
̫һĵӣڰٴ˵Ĵ£һ衣
顭
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲ǹӰʹ䣬״̬µ׺ݵؽɱȥ
̼䣬һɽѣײıըϯ糱ɳ޾У裬˲佫״̬µ׸ûˡ
˶һڴصɴ˫
ಣ
ڣĿ֮£͵ȫӲӣƺղԻһǳĿֲըȫû˺׵һë
ϹԳİǹδҲֵ̫һˣоڸ
һЦЦؿǧѰʡ
ǧѰĿ࣬ڿ״̬µףشӱըǿһһͫ׽ӿһʱ˼ҡ
ܣһʥôܹסƷʥȫɱ
Ҫ㣡
ǧѰ˦˦ͷ״һٶס
غϣʥǧѰʣȻ׵һëûˣԼȴһ⣬ƤѪɡ
ڶΣҪǧٱҪ
ĻǧѰƱؽΪ෹Цϡ
ã
צ裬һնûĽ߲ʻǹײ̮콣Ž
顭
ϢǧνսȥֻܹӰϵسײֿٶȲٶȷֿսΪңȻ
üң
ʥϢأȫ׾׵սˣŽ壬ֻԪ磬ܹڽ״̬ѹֳ߲ʻǹǧѰʣ룬ݹʼԴǣܹŽռϷʥԲһ֮
û״̬µףͺһһƾſֲǣǧѰʣǧѰʱϾʥ֣Ԫۻ룬һƷʥ߲ʻǹԣȻ޷ռϷ磬ףԼҲܹǿ֧ţһ־˲ܡ
ǧغϴ꣬˶ܹóʼգǧѰʶǴڱ״̬ȫ޻֮
ÿһĿսʿеš
顭
ڣӰٶȷֿһžưܵķһ졣
вͬǣһ߾ҴϢһ΢ЦԵʮ˷ܡ
ǧѰʣһߴϢһ߿ȳһ̲̲ĿĵѪ
𱰣һĿȻ
壬㲻ΪһһˣȻԪܹҴһƽ֡׻˵ǰˣҪ˼꣬ЩʥͶĶˡ
֮£һᡣνʶҾʹдһƽˡ
ǧѰʷز˲ǵѪٿػһЦ֮ʵؿס
ţһӣٻһ̨׼֮زز



1359 սپ
ǧѰǸˡ
սǳʣٳսȥôԶ׼һǧѰʵܶ
ʱǧѰʥԪĽսܣһӢһ١
µǣһɱôƾ¡Ħݿ˵ĳϣǧѰʸûзĻᣬת˲Ҫ˺Ƭһغ
ԣǧѰӽģ˵˼䳡滰Ҫ֮زز
顭
ϧûǧѰʲ봫ָ̨һһöͲƫеغ˴̨һЦ֮䣬Լһδ֣һ֮ˣ
׽̤ӡ䣬һǧѰǰ˵ˣڿ˵һƽ֣ƽ𣿡
ǡ
׻ȭţһЦؿǧѰʡ
壡
ҺôҲ½̵ʥѵҪϾɱ𣿡
ǧѰʴͷһߺ޵ضס
ЦһÿһɥȮǧѰʣϹϤҵ·ʽν˲Ҳˣɱ𽣶죬ɽţã飬ҾԲưոݣ˵½̵ʥǻĹҵ峤Ҳмһˣ
ž
˵ţһǧѰʵϣʱǼݼѪˮŽѪⷴתƤĤѡ
ۡǧѰصص˳ȥ

ȫһƬȻ𽣶ĵӣǺôЦ֮ܡ
Ƕ½̵Ϲһ򲻹Ҫβ֮ززˣһ۲۵ҷϣ½̵涼ˣ
ҪӻȻǽĶ֣͹ԹԹͷлܹϹȻӣڿ˵˴ƽ֣Ц
Խ·ǧѰǾûлĻˡ˭ãȻҴŮˣѰ·
𽣶ĵ۷׷ס
ߺߣһ½̣ǽ𽣶ȫ濪սĽ𽣶Ҳ޾ɫһ׵Ŀֲʵʮ㣬ûн½̸
ǧѰʼѵס壬ӹһĨ֮ɫ壬ֻƵĽˣ
䡭
ʱһɿ񱩵ԪǧѰʵ壬ƺҪɽһʱҪըͬʱһԳصС磬ǧѰʵͷϿգȻǧѰʵı硣
ţ
׼ƴô
üͷһɵ΢΢һ
ʣµѹˣôǧѰԸԱ磬ٱǣҲҪͬھ
壡
壡
ȫʧ
޷
׵һЦ˰֣Ϲϲ㣬ֽһŵƸƳˡ΢΢̧ͷ׵ֲһӦе
ţһֱӽħƽצٻ˳
ϵһħƽצ˫֮ϣԣһ޾Ŀֲѹϯ糱Ϣ
뽫һͷڿֻսپˣ
ħƽצ֮󣬶ʱƳ죬壬ȫѹǧѰһͷ
ˡ
ǧѰͷϿյı磬ڿֲѹ֮£ҲƺʱҪ鿪
ʲô
ǡһʥѾɱ˰벽
ǧѰʸħƽצڲϯĿֲϢʱɫ԰ֽϥǷЩڵء
ԭǧѰһƷʥưԵãնɱʮþȵˡ
ʵȴһһεطǧѰʵ뷨
ףûޣȫһ۽ףңٻһɱɰ벽ħƽצ
ħƽצǧѰʵı߲ʻǹֱһֵһᡣ

ͬʱԹսһڵӣһʧզп
ţҿʲôȻٻһ벽Ǿװ
û뵽˽ǹ֮⣬а벽֣òĻԵ񣡡
ӣǧѰʾȫǽĶˡ˰벽֣ȫڼغڣնɱǧѰʣ
𽣶ĵӾ
벽
͵һһ󻶺ãðһܹǴϲ
벽̺һ˿ħϢƺǴӰħнɻսƷ
°˼⣬һǲʡģȻɻһ벽ƺҲž޴ҡҡͷ̧ͷףְֺޡ
Ϲ
Ҳûзϻ̤ӡɱһǧѰʣԪ纣ӿ



1360 ײ
ǹ
һڵط˶ǧѰһֻ֮£ֻʩչ־
ͣͣͣͣͣ
̼䣬ǧǹӰԳϯȥ
˭룬δ֮ϵħƽצһӣɽԪ˳˲ûǧǹӰ
գۼ䣬׾ͱƽǧѰʵǰ
͡
ûǧѰ֮زز׵ħƽצ;ԳǧѰʵͷ­ץȥ
һץסô̼䣬ǧѰʾͻһغ
ǧһ֮ʣΪʥǧѰʶʱǹֵ˭룬һƷʥ߲ʻǹƾձħƽצ˳ȥһʯĽ˿쳹Ĥ
ۡ
ֱֲӽǧѰʵֹǸϣѪʹ˸Ƕߵķݣɶ
׽̤ǰȥ׷ᡣ
֣
ԶʥһǧѰΣʱһҪ̤սԮ
䡭
Ȼûħ֮ƵİսȦ¡ĦݿʥƾڰǰһֲмŰ
ȻһڨڨЦΡ
Цǰǿʥ֣ҲֻѰ·ķݡ
Ȼ˵½̵ǧѰİѣûеðΪ֮ĵز
壬Ҹƴˣ
Σ֮ʣǧѰʾһҪԼըס
顭
ֻһ죬ûǧѰʷǣԱ׵ħƽצͺĴ̹ǵĵһֱǧѰʵ֮УһǧѰʵĵռ䡣
ʱǧѰʷһɱĲҺ˵ͺǱ©Ƥһ񱩵Ԫش֮ӿɿɢڲãռС
ԴǧѰʵĵռһ飬ԭڵԪʱͳΪ޸ƼǧѰʵƿء
ڣͷϿյı磬ҲҲҪǧѰʵƿء
壬ȻҷǧҾҲԲù
һˣǧѰһٻŸ߿еı磬ѹ
һԳһص磬ڲԼɼɽݣޡ
ⱦ磬һѹ£ôӵͭǣҲҪʧ
翹
Ŵı磬׵һЦûȸ¡͵˸ԮһֱӽԼı챦ٻ˳
䡭
ʱɽռ䣬ɾһı챦磬ƾճ˵֮УȥһƬޱ޼ʵ󺣡
ѰʿֻΪһԳصĴ硣һԪʥߵı磡
쿴彫ٻˣţҿļٵģıƷʣȻ˳ڣڽıǰʥǧѰʵı磬һ۲۵
ֲ̫ˣƷʵı磬ֱ龳ҲضáһĴˣֲ̫ˣ
û뵽ĵ˳ڣıƷʣһز
𽣶һڵӣȫʧеıģеİڵأеĴľеȫȥ̬죬ÿһ˶׸ˡ
ʲôǽı磿
ʥı磬Ҫѷɫö࣡
ˣɵƽһԲλĸо
ûϵ̶̵ʮʱδ׾ͳɳһزҪ׽ӡ
ܡ
һԪʥô˹ޱߵı磿
ѾΪһ˵ǧѰʣŸ߿ͬһı챦磬ɵҧѽѡ

׵޸֮ǧѰʣһ챦ͺ¡¡سǧѰʵıѹȥ
顭
һ̣ǧѰʵı磬ȫûһ˿һĵֵɽµı챦ѹ£˲ķѣеɽľޣ˲һʱռ飬صתһתۼͻΪ쳾ҷ
ۡ
ؿԼı类ѹƬǧѰȫ̱֪ͣǷ˻ɵˡ
գ
״һӣֱӽջڣţ糱ĻУǵصֵͬһǧѰʣǰ
һ׽ǧѰʵ壬ǰһ˿ԪǧѰʵ壬ʹ䶯á
ãѾˣڽ㴦á
߽ͬһǧѰʣһҪһ㣬ǧѰʣѾ쵱ʥˣֻһ޸֮ķӣ



1361 Ͼٻ
ɱ
Ϲ
ֳһƬڣ𽣶һ˵ȣ²ؿ
˻ȵĿ⣬ͷбһͬɥȮһ̱ڵذǧѰʣɵ΢΢һЦһĵһڣҲŲ˱֣
˵ţıĵشյ׵ԣ׵ĸۣ¶һҸ΢Ц
׻˵ñطʤ»飬ͲҹһԶֿ
ãáȻ㲻ԸԼ֣ôϹðɡ
΢΢һЦһѽ̱ǧѰʸУһ˦ֱӽǧѰʸ˦˳ȥһд⡣
죬Ԯʳϡ
ǧʳˤţ
ͬǧѰʶϰ½̵ĵӣһ׽ȫ̱ǧѰʸԼһȺ˵ķ򣬻æ߶Ԫǿ֯һӴȻΪ˵ǧѰʸס
Ž壬־ɱңαһѾΪһˡ
ǧѰɫ³

ɱˣǱ㣡㲻ϲˣһŮӶϷŹôڣҽΪϳΪһ׷ˣҪƷӸ߸ϵƶˣ뷲
ЦתͷһȺսս½̵ӣȥ½̵ĽǧѰҴģ֮ûɱѾǿˡ½ҪʲôޣҪҽ𽣶ѰŽʱ㣡
һϯ׵Ԫ£ӣǧսһȺ½̵ĵҲֱ׵۾


𽣶ĵӣһȻá
ߣ
л岻ɱ֮
˷ǧѰʶ½̵ӣǧѰʵţһײûһӥȮΪѵ˼ʱϲ⣬лţ׷ͳһ̨ϣ䣬ʧǿա
֮ǰ½̵ϰٸǧѰʳϵĴ£ν죬ɱڣҪ𽣶Ϊƽء˭룬һת۾ͱһȺɥ֮ȮȫްӢš
һУΪ׵ĺճǧѰʥ뷲λΪӰ
ǿգɳ
΢΢תͷһЦЦؿʥ
½̵ʥǧѰʣѾʶ׵˲˹ڣֵİˡ
ܵζЦ⣬һ˵ȣȫûɵشһһ߶µشͷҴ
ħ֮Ƶİǽüһǰһ񣬡λ֮еᣬֻҪԸ⻯ɸΪ񲯣عںãԸ裬Ϊͽл񡣡
üͷһ֨
һۣһ뷨΢΢ͷ
ǽ𽣶˺ܹˣ
ЦһҸ㣬ǽ𽣶ɲ߾ߵĵطҪȻ뿪Ҫ׼
Ϣһϣʱɫ

͵һҧҵֻ裬ȫ͸𽣶죬Ϊ⣬һһǧϾٻһ͸𽣶죬㿴Σ

䣬ȫһƬڡ
ϾٻǧҩݵģֱǲɶõĵرֵԵֵһǧ裡
һΪܹȫˣҲǴѪˡ
ʦܣ㿴
΢΢ĶһЩò⣬תͷѯʵס
˵Ϊ𽣶¶ҪӴϿǣף¼ҹˣ޷죬޼ɡ˵ǲϣĹϵֵ̫ģ½̳˺£ڶ̫ĵж
ʥԸ״ĵرΪͽ⣬ȻԸþյġ
һжʦֵʦȫԹԡ
׻æ˵
Ȼ˵δ֮λĽӰˣͻλ׿ɲܽ͵ȨȥĻЩʢ֪ߵغˡ
ص˵ͷŰҽлһһĿ
һкͽ˼ʱĻŭţɵһڲ裬ԼһϾٻٻ˳˳ʵ͵ǰ
ȻǧҩݵϾٻ
ϸһߵĻ꣬Цúϲ£졣



1362 ͷ
Ͼٻҩʥ߼ʿлƿʥ磬ֹԪʿҩ
̫ˣһϾٻǽ𽣶պпٵһλʥˣ
ܹϾٻ׳Ǳ˵ŽԴǧѰһϳΪ裡
ҵҪӽ󣬻ĸ۵ţǽ𽣶Ϊѣ
𽣶շ硢ȳϣԼڸĵӣȫϲЦտ
Ҿһӡ
Ȼ㹻ǽ𽣶ȻҲ˴ˡǣպǻ֪ڸģǽ𽣶쵱ôǽ𽣶Ͳôˣ

һʹص˵ͷһӣһڵӣ봫̨֮䣬ʧ˵֮С
ʦܡ
ͳ֡
׹˳طɵ͵ǰ
һǧݵϾٻͻʥƿʥ磬ЧѾΪʥһóԣһϾٻ°ա
ЦŽߵϾٻݸס
΢΢һʲôϾٻ͸ң
ͷЩܳ
ʦ֣˵Ͼٻҵ󡣲Ȼ㿴ңҾʱΪܣȵгһճʥ磬ұóתá
ӹһת뵽һ軨׷ĺüƲߡ
Ȼ˵մȪףϾٻǿʢǣνˮ𽣶֮䣬ҲңֹĶǡνպԼò͸ҲǺõġ
ʦܣҽ𽣶ͷ
һ׽Ͼٻ΢ƣŹɫһ壬Ϊǽ𽣶ķŵʥӣ½ʥǰѰ𣬶ǽ𽣶˷ǳӰ죬νУҾͲ׷ˡ
֮ǰлһûգ飡
һؿס
΢΢һЦ˳Ҿ
ʣôڸ𽣶ĸ̬Ͼ׸𽣶Ļˣ񷴶ûܵ𷣣õһϾٻͣĲ
ԣΪƽϢڷߣû˺üǧΪҲпԭ
һ𽣶ʱòƴ֣ĵӣƱضܵͽ׷ǣȻԹԡ
˵⼸ǧ裬׸
Ͼʱоթ˺üǧ裬㹻ԼӻˡοڳǵؾУõ˾СгҲڽ
⼸ǧ裬׾׼׸𽣶죬Ϊһݹ׵ġ
ߣǻȥ
ʹһӡ
ʱ𽣶һ˵ȣȫʼԴǽ𽣶Ӷȥ
һ󣬽𽣷ɽ䣬һĴڲ
̫ͣϳϸ¡շˣԼķüһãΪϯӷϴ
ϯϣͶžƱЦеףʦܣû뵽̶ʮ꣬컯ɾУͲԪ磬Ϊʥǿϲɺأ
ɱ;ٱ
˷׷׾ٱ
壬ʥ߼죿һɻѯʵ
԰ĹѲ̽׵ʵΪʵϣֻҪײԸ⣬龳ʿĻһʿ̽׵ǳ
²ţҲʥ߰쾳硣
׵һЦ

ȫһƬȻ
ţҲ̫˼ˣ̶ʮʱ䣬Ȼͽʥ߰쾳ˣ컯ɾȻһԴˮأ
̶ʮʱ䣬Ӱ벽Ԫ磬Ԫ죬ٶȣҪ˶ãͿ԰ٳ߸ͷһΪʥˣ
ʱ򣬽ڹ֮ϣҲĸˣ
׷׸׾ƣ֮ʡ
Ц棬ȴЩɬ
Դ֮Ҫͻƿ߾磬ͱҪһǳѵ
Ȼ˵ڳɹ󣬾Ϳ˳˳ˮؽ߾磬ܹõһطǣѶȣǳֲÿһ䷢һĸо
ѾԪ쾳磬һС磬ֻһؿʱӭ׵ģֽһǳѵ㷲˷Ī
˵ܷ˳񣬷ǳؼ



1363 뽫
ʦ֣컯ɾʲôӵģǲǱزƱض涴
ʦ֣컯ɾжõʲôԵˣܷ˵
컯ɾųСɾ컯ɾ˴𣿡
һ𽣶ʦֵܣͲϵѯ׹컯ɾ⣬һʱЩͷ
λʦֵܡ
׷¾Ʊ΢΢³һ컯ɾʮҾĶ࣬޾ϸؽҹꡣڣʱȣ֮ǽ𽣶Ҫ쾫ַħӪ֮Сݵ飬Ҫ׼ǣ
ϯϵһ˵ȣȫ΢΢һ㶣һؿס
ַħ壿
ħ岻伣𣿡
ûӢǰѹ˰ħ壬ǰϽ޸Ѿû˵аħˣ
۷׷ס
ʦ֣һɻΪʲôôŻص𽣶졣ԭġ׿ӣԼֵڳϵһһʮز˳
͡¡շ硢˵һɫٿȻ䡣
ʲôǾȻħռˣһ˰շӡ󣬽ϵĳһϾɱˣ
һȳ²֮ƣû뵽ħȻϢǳǣŻ
ҿǼʱ֣Ļȵħڳվ˽Ÿͻṥˣ
͡¡շˣһп
壬֪ǳڲİħ壬жٱ۷ʲô𣿡
һǵʵ
ⳤϵİħ壬Ȼܹɨǣҽĳһ壬һΰħֵͬ졣
׶ƱһҾƣյһľˮǻɳ³һҵ֪һֳǵİħ壬ܹ࣬Ϊۼڼڻڻʥĸ֣⣬龳ͳ˧򣡡
˻
䣬ȫ𶯣
ټһһļž
龳ͳ˧򣬴ڻƣÿһ̾硣
ɫ࣬΢΢̾Ϣ˵⻹ʲôµǣ˵аħڤ޵桮ڤʡɹˣ
ʲô˵еĲڤʳɹˣ
ţֱһجģҿ˵ˣһսʱ򣬲ڤʳɹ̾а벽۵ľΪһγɹҲŰ벽۵ľΪô飬½ܵ
շһڳϣȫҡ
λҹ۲ǲڤƺֻ˹ǼܣûѪ⣬ֻǿ֮Ϊ壬ңľΪҲԶԶûдﵽ벽۵ľ硣
ҵжϣڤĹɾѪ
뿴ڤǳɹں˹ɾѪôľΪһʲôĲΣ
һϾ
͡µʱȫɫ䡣
ڤ޵治ڤʣ˻ŵġ˵һսʱ򣬲ڤںһλ۵ı뾫ѪӶɹңһӵ˰벽۵ľΪڲ֮󣬾ͽΪ۾磡
Ӵħ춯أе֣
񡭡
ڤ޵治ڤʣֻںعͷɹһ߰ĹǼܣûгɹΪ壬
Ϊ廹ǰħ۸֣䡣ԣڤںϵĹƷϣǾԲһսʱںϵıǵƷʸߡ
ǣֻҪڤʳɹںϹɾѪôڤʵľΪƱؽһǰδеĲΣ
ϾڤʳɹľΪںϵĹ뾫ѪŷǳĹϵ
ڤں۵Ѫһӵа벽۾磬֮󣬾ͳΪ۾ĸ֡
ǲڤʳɹںһιɾѪôڤʳɹľΪﵽһĲΣ
ϾɾѪƷʣ۵ľѪ˵Ҫֹһˡ
ԭħǴ⡣
üͷҧгݣ˵ħΪζڻرƫԶϢԭΪܹ֮ȫɾѪֻҪڤʳɹȡ˹ɾѪڣôڤʵľΪ̾ͻһɳ죡
ʱݹ飬ûһ˻Ķ֣
һħڲڤʵĴ£ɨ壬ռҲΪһ׾ٵˣ
һϾط



1364 
һΰħ岢׼ӲӲǲȡػ֮ߣɾѪһɹôڤʾͽΪܵ۷֣
³
壬֪ǲڤںʲôƷʵĹ𣿡һŵؿס
ҡҡͷҲ
ֻ֪ڤǼ֮һƾͺ龳ֵı١ױȣԲڲΪ֮£
׳ΨһĺϢǲڤֻǰ״̬ûںϾѪ
˻
ȫΪ֮𶯣ÿһȫеƤһֲԤӿͷ
ʲôǲڤʸһһƺ龳ֵı٣δҲ̫ˣгһգڤں˹ɾѪľΪһʲôĲΣ
̶ֳȵΪԣԲڲ𾳸֣û뵽˷ħ棬Ȼ𾳸ֶԳˣӣҪٵƣϾˣ
ڲӵŲΪһϺһܣһǻĹźҵ溫̫
ĻĹңûв𾳸Ǿ޴֪ˡϣһսۣиĲ𾳸ո¶ͷӭǿУ
΢΢˫
λΪƼΪϾѾ÷֡ҹ֪ͨŵĸ߲㣬պڻĹżҼϣһԲߡʱⲻҪ֣ȫɱϵİħ塣
һսۣǽ𽣶㲻ܳǰҲҪľնħװȻ
á
ͻȻվ𣬡ھ͵뽫պһͬĹżҡʦ֣ʱ䣬𽣶ͽƹܣڣҲġؿԵĸ¡
Ϊ׵ʥӣʱ䣬пܻги𽣶죬ܹһЩϡ
ְ֪ش󣬵˵ͷֿһսۣƱһսǽ𽣶죬һʵʱ򣬿ɱóȻǰӶҵڻҡҪðճ߶ȣ򡣡
ȫ΢΢ͷ
ɢ˰ɡ
Ͱ˰֣£ڸķ׷ˣ͵ķԸǰԵɽ壬ѡӢӣͬ
һΧ˰ħսۣ¹شǽ𽣶ǰһξûᣬɲܶ˽𽣶档⣬һսۿν춯أµӣҲһĥԲݴ
ԣÿһ뽫Ϊĵӽϣͬ
ָ磬Ҫ뿪𣿡
һؿףĬĬᡣ
ãһ¹شҷȥɡҴӦ㣬һ֮һúɽˮ
΢΢̣谮һǡ
ΪЦ׵ĻУСè䡣
ãʮδĳСѾ쾳ˡʮ꣬û¹򡣡Ħͷǰɢ㷢΢΢һЦ
Դǰ컯ɾ֮ǳ˼ĺ룬跹˼ͨˣҼȻĸԸΪŮˣҪܼįҪ㳯Ϧദ͵òԼΪгһճΪұۣͿһͬˡ
ԣʮҹչأǱĿޣϣгһܹΪ
˵˵ţĬĬͷһˣϧǣ֮Ĳ࣬ǵûСԽԽˣ
ŻеСˣ׵һЦЩ۵۵СһسáֱӽҵıУҵıʮֹڲŨɢģǳʡңһҲܹʱʱ̿ҵԡ
͵һˮӣ˼ضס
ּ֮ק׵ĸۣһ߸ߣָ磬Ը⽫Ҵԣ㳯Ϧദ
׵һЦ˵ǣСɵϣʲôʱԸһˣֻǵҳΣա
Ҹ׵ĻЦúϲ£졣
֪ôˣҲûҡ
ԹԵһĿ롣
һν𽣶ţˣʮ־ġ»г鷳
˵£ڽ𽣶죬һ⣬뱦ڲӰȫ
Ͼ׵ԱǷǳڵġټйѰʿԡ
ָۣ硣ŶãСˡ
ûһ´ȣ۵ֱţġ
Ȼ˵ǷǳҪģϾʮ𼱣ҲûйȥһˣֻеȽɱ˳ϵİħ֮ٻס



1365 ķ
һƣ׻æڨڨһЦһӻͳһƿݸãһֱģƣҸ㿴ϲϲ
һ˵գʱѹеĴ⣬С죬鲻ԸšƿʱһŨҷ׹ɾ֮Уȫůģʮë׶鲻Խſ˵ʡ
ʲôȻ̺Ũ
ƿеŨɵʧ
һȪ֮󣬻һ˿ԵǵΪһǧպԵҲ񡣡
Ħ޽ǵ˿һЦһȪؽ벽Ԫ磬ָտɴˣ
䣬ɵþæؽеƿݻס
ָ磬ȪҲգʵ̫ˡԼðɣܹߣϲŭ֣Ѿǳˡһ֪㳣ֵЦ⡣
ײʧЦãȪлвٴ㾡£ʲôʱùˣҪ
ЩŽɵʵĻвٴ
ʼһѴжƿ㲻ҪˣһȥһϺңȪ͸
Ҫ
ʱţִ׵жȪģطŰۡ
ˬʴЦ糯̫һȥ
̫һŵƽʣֵһڵӣѹʱˡ
ݼʦ𣡡
ݼʦĸ
üǧˣ빪
׵һЦ˻֣ããʺõģͣ˵ţһӣͳһǬװϰ裬̫һĹܼҰٴ
ٴа裬ʱ㱣ܡֳɫĵӣһͣ
ײƴ֣һ֣ʹ͸ٴΪý
ʦӸм
лʦʹͣǸм
ʱǧӣ׷׹һ׵񣬳޾ĳԺ
ףΪ̫һķǧӵʦ֮ǰսУһٻʥǧѰʣ̫һĵޱȵĽԱķµĵʱҪ߳һͷ
ĪΪΣ
תͷĪȸվȺǰɳѯʡ
ӲţʮֻһС硣
ĪͷСش
׵˵ͷ
Ī츳ޣָٷǲ̫ܵ顣
ʹ͸һȪΪһǧһУһƿʹ
ĪһȪ֣ɵûһЩԼ۾
ףȻһȪʹˣ
£
״ߴһ
Īܹսսش׵нӹƿл
лʦ
ĪȸһԷޣ׵񣬾ͺĸ
׵һЦȪýһ飬ĪȸĻŭţ׵ĸм֮Ա
ͬʱĵҲĿ˸˸һϣؿס
ĪõһȪʮ֮ڣͻԪΪʥĻͷȥɽڰꡣ׸һź棬̾ʹһӣʩ
һʦȫԸճΪʥ
ĪԭʮڽԪϣȪ֣ʱʮ㡣
ص˵ͷ⣬еӣֻҪ̤죬ͿȡһȪΪԪ׼ûУ
ˣ
ˣ
̫ϿգһɽХ죬ɽȫΪ֮һ
ˣַһЩʥ޾ˣ鵤ҩǸȡ裬ܵװԼ
״һӣֱӴӱٻ˳ǧķĿ硣

ʱ̫һļǧӣȫʧһ״˶ѵɽķ֮УѡʺԼķ
Щ컯ɾоսɻսƷԼòϣʹ͸µӣҲǳʡ
һЩ鵤ҩ޾ˣת˰ٴһϽ
ˣôûпѩǸСӡ
ԼĵͽܣӵԭʼѪѩ
ʦѩǰδ顣
ٴֻѾѩһյƣӦûʲô󰭡
׵˵ͷɵݸһЦСӣȻҲʦϣҴ컯ɾп飬һۡٴţʲôʱѩˣʲôҪ͸ԼҪ
ҵҪСӾǳޣǵɽˮ
һ
ٴЦعӦ



1366 аһ
Ħݿˡ
ʱһĦݿ˴ӱиٻ˳
ʱһϮʽ۵Ħݿˣس׵ǰ񣬡ˡ
ûȪʼħڵʥƺΪˣʱ̫һڵӣѾֲˣüĿ֮䣬ȻЦⰻȻβס˷ܡ
Щ̫һĵӣӽ󣬾ͶʦֵܣϽʺá
üͷһ
Ħݿ˻æ첽ǰ񣬡ϷĦݿˣλʦܡ
ֵܻæ񣬡ʦֺá
ĪȸһۣĦݿ˹˳ģÿֱЦ׷׻񣬡ʦֺá
ĵӣ뻹
˭룬׾Ǳһ߳ĦݿˣôĵӣȻ·ϣԼΪʦֱ֣𱰣
ĦݿŵϥһͨһڵأϷ򣬼λʦ֣ʦ㣡ӽ󣬻λʦʦЯ
һʥĸ֣۾һİȻڵأһȺΪֻΪ͵ʿʦʦ㡣飬ֱǺţǴȥƱؽȻ󲨡
ͻȻڵصʥ֣̫һĵӣȫ־ϲһЩ޴ÿһӶ֪ܹ֮ʥָ׳ƳȫΪ׵Եʡ
ĦݿˣȻĸԸسΪҵūôӽ̫һĵӣͶʦʦ㣬ҪޱȹһʦʦǣûУ
ѵ⡣
ʦΥĦݿ˹Ӧޱȿɬ
Ħݿˣų϶ڻȪʼħǿǺĳϣ۾һµӳǧ񣬾ȻΪ̫һ͵ĵӣڣ̫һӵۣҪ΢ࡣ
־޴Ħݿݺᣬû취ν²òͷĦݿֻ
̫һĵӣһ͵ЦǿˣĺһĦݿˣȫȻûһ˿η֮ġ
ˣĦݿˡıڲǧȪʼħڵĵӣٻ׵
Ħݿ˵ʱȻһһµؿסڶݵԥ֮󣬾˳ӵһӱнǧȪʼħڵĵӸٻ˳
ৡ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣһ¶棬ͷ𽣶̫壬ǰһȺ𽣶ʽ۵ĵӣֵһǣЩӸշŸֱײ£ȫ磬ǰǶѵСɽķ鵤ҩ
һʱ䣬Ȫʼħڵĵӣȫˣ
û뵽𽣶һ̫ӣȻǱһ޾Ƹ
ִȪʼħڵĺĵҪö࣡
£
Ͽ£
һĿ¶ѵħӣĦݿ˶ʱһ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣ׷عڵأ̫һڶɱڵ£̧ͷ࿴һۡ
ǶǻȪʼħڵĵӣĦݿ˹Ͻ
ڣĦݿѾĸԸسΪҵūԣҲҪԼѡ񡣡
һЦƽһɿ񱩵ѹϯ£ѹȵǧȪʼħڵĵӴһɫϣսս
һѡ˳ǽ𽣶̫һΪ̫һ½ӡһϴˢڵħа
ڶѡ񣬾лħѪǽ𽣶˷նħ;׳У
ըףûȪʼħڵǧӸε
ˡĦݿһ˵ʲôվû˵ڣֻ΢΢̾Ϣһƺһ

ͬʱ̫һڶӣը˹һ׷
ţûпɣȻҪȪʼħڵˣձ̫һ
Ҳ̫ŰˣǻȪʼħڿɲӣµʥΪ˷ū˵ȻǧҲҪа̫һ
ֱǳĴ֪Ȫʼħڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬻θ롣
̫һĵӣȫ׵ľٶ׾ˣ
Ȼ˵̫һĵӣ඼˷Ը׷ףŰ̫һΪ׵ĵӡǣʼգûйħ˰̫塣
Ͼ񰵺ħ壬ôһΪħжд̣Ҳ飬ɡ
ʦ𡣡
ʱֵĪ첽ǰ˹֣ʹʹˣǣ飬ɣʦ˼У
ֵҲ½ǰʦ𣬲罫ǧħ壬ȫնʾڣҲ忴̫һҸ嵨
ĪֵܵĻڻȪʼħڵǧˣŵûɢ
ҡҡͷһЦ˵ûǣŽǿɫµǻ飬Ҳں˵ˣŽնħϣȣ˭ҪǸҵôȻᵶ򣬴öԷûƢ
˵ˣȪʼħڴоԶµڵħѪͷǳϡֻҪΪϴ裬ħٴͳ似ͨôǴӽ󣬾Ͳħˣҽ𽣶̫һĵӣ
ϣ壬仰ײ˵顣



1367 ϴ
Ը𽣶̫һӽ󣬸аΪɵһԱ
ҲԸ̫һһۣޣɨɽţҲԹԣ
ǱѾǷ²ǰԸָһ̹;ǸмĶоܾĵ
̼䣬ڵصǧȪʼħڵĵӣ׷⡣
ƺƴɽХһ
༸ɽĵӣ׷׹׵Ϊָָ㣬ûһ˸ҳֱ룬̫嵱ָ׵Ĳǡ
ڣڽɽıڣƽͣ뼸ϣҲҡͷЦ׵ΪʾΡ
Ž壬˼壬ҪǧѡȻԵܹ𽣶รԵͬʱҲˡ
𽣶ȻѾףôȻҪ׵ȫ
ãã
Ǵˣûһ⣡
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣʾԸ̫һײɵЦͷ
ڣҾ͸ϴˢڵħеħӽǾˣҪ䣬أ
״һӣһ쫷ϯ̺ŰɫѪϯ£ֱӽǧħӸС
¡¡¡¡
ҽһıѪԵҵıѪϴˢ֮£ϡħѪᱻĥܿ죬ǾͿԸа
ױ˫֣Ȼͦɽۡ
ָ׵½ǣһС˵ģ
ԼĪһʱ֮Ѫɢǧħӣȫƣ̱ڵأÿһħˣϴ裬׸ĻѪΪһˡ
ʱ˿̣ǻȪʼħڵĳϹˣҲԿЩǳԻȪʼħڡ
ߣЩħ˹ʺˣȻܹõʦΪϴĳߴǽһıѪ
ţЩʧȥħѪˣýһıѪϴ֮츳Ѫȫõ˷ǳ˵ֱһϻԵ
ŪҶΪħˡһҲܹʦϴ衣
̫һĵӣһΪĽؿǧϴˣ۷׷ס
ˡ
ڣȫɹϴ裬ӽڲħѪҲħˡȫʶ
ӣЯһ˲Υ־
ǧովϴˣһԥȫ޿κεӦ¡
£һһööʶӾԴ׵ԺϯƻȳһԷǧӵʶ֮У
ͬʱһܴʶڲӿûһģֱӽǧħаȫӡ
˵ʱʱ죬̣һյĹǧħˣѾйħ֣ѧϰаҲ벻ˡ
ǿûУЩħ˵ʶУȫʦһöʶӣӽʦһ֮䣬ͿԶǵ뷨ЩħˣҪ֮ģҲ޿ܡ
ʦ¹Ȼˮ©Щħ˼Ȼ̫һͲȪʼħκεĹϸֻҪʦֻҪʶеʶӣЩħˣͻԱ
ô˵̫һֶǧңЩһľΪǾӣֻҪѧϰ̫һķؼܹܿӵмս
̫һĵӣ۷׷ףԭж׵Щǣһȫһ׵Ѫ
ݼʦ𣡡
ݼʦ𣡡
ǧħˣϴֱ֮ӡеаʱ˿ȻԼ̫һԱˢˢعڵأΪʦ
׵һЦ˵ͷãȻѾаôӽ󣬾̫ĵû𡣡
˵ţתͷغԵİٴʹһɫٴЩɵĵӣͳһţڹţַĵһ󡣡
ٴӦ
ڣǿԸѡһֵķԭȵƷ̭ˡ
ע⵽вٵ½ӣһֱڶѻɽķ鵤ҩɵõ
ʦӸм
ʦĿ󷽣ͬԣǸм
ǧ½ӣһŵؿף׷׹񣬽ţһѷ˳ɶѵķ鵤ҩһȿֺһȡ
һĻ̫һڶĿ¶֮ɫЦ
Ҫ֪Щ½еı̫һĵѡʣµģЩ½ӣԭȵĵǣƽһǿҵԽС



1368 ָɣ
ڶգ𽣶Ͽգǧۡ
ͷһˣ䳤ۣ䰺أȻǽ𽣶ƽ͡
͵ǸķһھܷȲҪǰչ¶ɣڰħǰչ۷磡
ڸ¡շ硢ˣ𽣶죬ûͬ
ַ
ʱһǰЦЦȤǸһھôֿտգûһһ䰡ǲ˱ˣ
ȫһЦؿס
ʼָָԹĦݿˣھڶࡣ
ȫϢһϣҲûһϻ
ȷ
ȻֻĦݿһˣĦݿʥ֣һھҪֲöࡣ
οױӵʥʵ󼰵ġ
λأ
ڽ𽣶죬ǵĺϢ
շ硢һڳϣŸ߿ջʾ⡣
֮ʹ߶̨𽣶һԴ뿪
¡¡
һת֮˻ĹżҵϿա
𽣶ˣ
ػڻĹżһźƺƵһȺϯæ档
ܿ죬ĹżҵμӢۣŶӼһˣӭӡ
֣þò
ӢЦеؿ͡
ɸ͹һЦһնħü쵼û뵽²пճӭǣ֮
ӦõģӦõġ
ӢۺˬЦ˵ҵСܹ컯ɾаȻŽЯڽ壬ڽ𽣶죬Ǹм
˵ţӢ׵֣ǵسżڲȥ
񹧹ظڼӢ۵ԣʱسװһ
𿴼ƽ޼ɣ´ڸ׼Ӣǰ͹˳С
ԴˣѼֲˡ
壬Ŷ𣿡
̧ͷʵ
Ӣ۽üҡҡͷ˲٣ԶԶԲߣ켯
׵˵ͷ
Ҫʱڼָħ壬ɲһ׵顣
ڼӢ۵£ܿ˾Ͳһؾ
ؾ֮Уȥ飬ѹѹмʮԼһӪǹףݡÿһʿնħľģһѪڣɱ
һŵľ𽣶ʱͦأɢһɰɱΪ֮Ŀ
ǿ쿴ǽ𽣶ˣͷˣͣ
Ǹɫ۵ǺպŽ壬ųһһˣ
˵ˣ˵Ž壬ʱɵʥӣһھǼʮ裬ֱ죡
ң𽣶첻һˣֵһᣡǻĹұ˲һ㣡⣬𽣶δҲ̫ˣȻֻǧħأ
Ǻǣϣ𽣶ǵĺȾˣ
ŵʿ׷ײĿмٷĽ𽣶ı
ʦܣӣزǽ𽣶ͷ

׵˵ͷһȣƺӴһ𽣶
ৡ
ؾеļʮʿȫΪ֮һ
ᣡ
״ǧ£Ź㳡ǰһյطȥ


ǧӣ׵ָ뻮һشռ˹㳡ǰһƬյء
ԶвٵʿΪ׵Ȳʡ
Ϊص˵ͷͬӢ۲һ̨̨֮ϣڷһȦΣ֮ϣѶʮʿһ
¹ҵļĹŷҵļףĹŶټҵļɽһϻˣҵϿ񣬽ڵĿ͡ȵʮǷ
֣ҵߡ
Ӣ۴Ͳ̨һȦЦеظͰһֱߵλ
صͷһЦͬӢۿ
ӴǣΪǺηʥرԭֻһʧ¹Ҽ̲һ
Ϳ¹Ҽķ̣ţֻתͷżӢ΢΢һЦ۹⣬Ҫﰲ룬С䰲ԶһͲܵɧˡ
䣬¹Ҽɫ৵һ±òҰޱȡ
ͣȻָɣ¹ҼС䣿
ʱһŭӿͷ



1369 ȡ
ݹ壬ĹҶһָĺ塣
Ĺ¹ңǻĹеһԱ¹ҵļν⣬ȨޣǶһţ涼ҪΪ֮Ĵ
񣬾ȻһĶ𽣶족ˣ
ֱһЦ
Ϊ¹ҵļ弸ʮӵ棬ԲĸԸڶ
¹ҼΪûĹҵһ֮λȨأΪ˳һʱ֮죬˺Ӷ򣬴֣ԵЩЦ
ô˵¹ҼݵλҪ͸߳һΣӸλȻҪλߵȣʧݡ
ԣ¹Ҽڶݵķŭ֮󣬺ܿ³һ̲΢΢һЦǺǣû뵽𽣶ĿˣȻȫЩļһν𰵺ħжֻҪ𽣶ǰʮþˣǸŵľֻǽ𽣶־ˡ
һЦ¹ҼһζػһȦĿ˻Ĺŷҵļ׵ϣ֣Ҳ缴̴ظñ˵Уĺȣ
״ض̴ľϣŭ¹ҼĻһĵشЦ¹ҪˣȫԴ¹ҵĵС֮ززǸѪʿԲ㣬ϾһҪԵİħ壬ǳײУ龳ĸ֣λ֮࣡ڣ˵еĲڤҲɹˣ
¹Ҽɫʱһ
׾Ȼ¹˶һȺų󱲣
¹Ҽһһһνɱħ壬ڻĹ¹˵һǧѷ¹Ҽ׼һοսУúչһĹ¹ҶĵɣԣŻĹ¹δսӣڴظζǲܵġ
Է׵䳰ȷ¹ҼֻһЦ֮˵ΪͬڹǱĻĹң¹һֱâĦϡ
ϣҶ󶯸ɸ꣬ҵȨߣڹڳϣҲԷһЩӣϵʮ΢
ȻǻĹŷһǻĹ¹ң֪һȫ濪սֵƣĽֻܾ˵ľأ˭Ҳֲˡ
ʱͼλĶԻʹˮȺ֮Ĺ¹Ĺŷһټ
ȻǻĹ¹Ĺŷϣġ
ԣûоԵʵܹԷ£Ҷȫ濪ս
ڣбͼֹǱ£Ĺ¹Ĺŷһʱ֣ͬ˹ϵƻƽ⡣
Ĺ֣սݹ壬ûмսͬ˵С
˭룬յķҼףȻȫ¹Ҽһ棬֮Уƫ̻ά͵ͼ
¹ҼЩԽܣںĸо
¹ҼĿУԼݵλҪһҪǿһ׶һӣ¹Ҽһ¶⡣
˭룬׷ǵûб¹Ҽ͵ķ߿ڣ֮Уά͵˼ΪˣϧڶԻĹ¹䳰ȷٲȻ͵ԼˣĹ¹ҵ˵ж
¹Ҽ˿գǴζƿǳζ
¹Ҽֻڶ͵ĲޣܿͿѹˣȵʹŽ𽣶뿪ؾ
ʱ򣬾ǻĹżҵļӢȫάͣڶ෽ı£Ҳ޼ƿʩ
һ¹Ҽһһ䣬ܽͳ𣬺ݺݵسһڶͬʱҲܹɫػĹ¹ҵ棡
ϻ֣ǽɽһʵ̫͵ˣҪ߶ĻһЩľ֮ܣҪưԣ֪ߵغˣȵһ죬ﵽǵͷʺ򣬾ѿˡ
¹ҼҧأЩģתͷ̴ľϾƷϻ˵
ϻҡͷбһ¹ҼһЦ¹֣ǽɽһײβһû˵һСһɽһԣҸˡҵ˵ǻĹ¹ҵʥӣѾ컯ɾпˣǿϲɺذ
¹Ҽһ㶣һЦ⣬װǫ飬ʵɤţûʲôûʲô¹ҵʥӣ˷컯ɾп飬ѾԪżܹ֮ʥˡʱһѣʢϯҹ裡
δ䣬ϻˡӢۡ׵ˣȫһһۣЩЦá
¹Ҽƺֵ֪ˣ̤Ԫ磬У׸̤Ԫ쾳磬ʥӣ



1370 һŭ
֮£¹ʥӵĽչֱţڷ֡ϷҹʥǰֵһᣬۺȺˡ
¹֣¹ʥܹ컯ɾп飬ӦףһҪºܣϯ¾Щ̫׵ˡ
ϻ˵һЦ
ţ
¹ʥӼԪ磬ϲɺءʱ¹ʥӣʥнԽڶΪβף
¹ҼţһɣЩ졣
ǺǣҲһˡϾһδ컯ɾпʥӣ֪мʮֳڵʥӣ컯ɾУ˳Ԫ磬Ϊʥ
ߣѾԪڰ쾳磬Ҫ˶ãлʥ磡
֮£ǻĹ¹ҵʥӣЩǹˣҪڱǰٴ죬Ц
ϻɵصһЦ
˵ţ΢΢תͷԶϷ֣ϻϷ첽ǰһСظϻˮ
֪⻹⣬Ϸһ˿ԪϸϸһȻʥߵϢ
¹ҼͫȻһ˫ضϷʱЩ߳ŭ
¹Ҽ˵ϻ֮ӣͬʱҲǽɽһʥӡϷʥһ컯ɾѰԵ
˭룬ϷѾ˳Ϊʥ¹ʥҪǿϲһǰ㣡
һʱ䣬¹Ҽþˣܹϲŭɫʱ˿̣ȴҲЩɫǺ죬ǳѿΪԼղŵİое
ǽɽв˳û뵽ɽһʥӣѾΪʥ
¹ҼϾϽڨڨһЦʱֺûһϻ˺ѿϻˣôϲ£ΪҪҴţϯķѵʱһ¹ԵãȻᱸº񣬽
ϻҡҡͷЦЦҲ׼ϯķϾ֪ҵʥӷ֣ҵʥӶҹĹżҵʥӼ񣬶ѾɹԪ磬Ϊʥߣ⼸ʥӵľΪҶ
ʲô
ǼĹҵʥӣȫʥˣ
¹ҼɵϢһϣǳɫ
ûϵ컯ɾпʥУȻ֮ʥӣѾ˳Ԫ磡
ϻˡסӢзǳϡƽ飬¹ҼȴһСֵģ¹Ҽ弸ʮ򾫱ǰЩ澡ʧ޹⣡
ȫһôЦ
㳡֮ϣʮǹľһʱȫЩ̿һϷŰ¹Ҽ
СӣȻôҪϢҪֱͣˡ
һȥһҪˣ
¹Ҽһ󸹷̣¹ʥӼ䲻
ͬΪĹҵʥӣ¹ʥӵı֣ȻЩ⣬¹ҼΪܷΪ٣ӶΪЦ¹ҼףֱҪһطȥ
¹֣Ҳ̫СˡһķʮӦغˬЦ¹ҼͷԽԽ̧

һֱϹ۵ͣҲЩ̿¹Ҽ֪ԸЦˣҡҡͷҲö࿴¹Ҽһۡ
ޣʲô⣬ҲЦң
¹Ҽһа޴йʱһۿֻı飬ʱЩ˲ʲôˣֱԲá
Ϣһϣüһɰϯ죡
䡭
ô붯𣿡
¹ҼһͶŭһЦ𣬾ҪʩչɱУؽͻڵء
ס֣
˭룬û¹ҼóѣӢ۾䱬һм䡣
λѣϣܹԴΪأҪΪЩĦʹ󶯸ɸ꣬ƽʵҪ֪񰵺ħĴѾ˳壬ڣѾռһųΪפأϾ
Ӣ۱˫֣һ㣬ƴԶ˴ƽһͷݵĳ嶯
ȻϢжϣӢֻʥ磬Щʱ򣬼ӢչֳֶΣȴһЩ龳ĸֶĪ
֣һԣһƽϡ
ͳһӣö࿴¹Ҽһۡ
¹Ҽŭ죬ԼǰļӢۣһʱЩѡ
¹ҼҪԶ֣úýѵһͣΪֱӵķʽҲȭͷΪԼһ棡
ϧ;ȴӢ۸ˡҪ˵һӢۣδؾܹסһս¹ҼμӢ۸ʮĹͷնħؽҪ飬˽˶ԹӦҶһԡ
ڹϣ¹Ҽǲֳϵغɱһ˱ģչԼҲ᳹׼ŭ壡ܵż



1371 
¹֣ĪҪ쭡
ʵǼŵʥӣܹ֮ҲԪ磬ǵõһûǸˣǼŵʥӣ˵Ԫˣܷ컯ɾŻһδ֪
ʱĹŷҵļףȰ˵
Ŷ
¹ҼʱüͷһȤؿס
ʱ¹ҼڽѵľأҪ˸һ̨¡
û뵽׾ʱؿڣ¹ҼȤ
˵ŵʥӣΪԵɺϵõһŵԲԪ磬Ϊʥô¹Ҽƽˡ
Ͼһڸŵļʮ򾫱֪¹ҵʥ֮û֡ҹϷһԪ磬¹ʥӵ⣬ֻ¹ʥӵĻԵ˲ˣ
νԵ춨Ե翣Ťת
ԣûбҪĽ
Ŷԭǵõ˹
¹ҼΪȻصͷͬЦǺǣ¹ʥӣҲܹõһҲܹΪʥ¹Ҽһƶ졣
ϻˡסӢۼһЦЩ̿
Ŷˡ
¹Ҽǰ׷ʵǿеĹˣǺηʥȻܹڶ̶̵ʮʱڣʥЯԪ磬һҪ¹ʥӱº񣬵Űݷã
ţһϸãЩһڲˮ˳
νԶ߽ǰǽ𽣶̫ķŽ壡
ӢˬʴЦ

δ䣬ȫһƬڣڸŵĵӣһҵ׷תͷ𽣶ǧͳ˧ס
ÿһʿ׵񣬶һ˿뾴η
˵ʲôǿеĹˣȻǽ𽣶Ž壿
¹ҼʱϢһϣЩûʹȥ
ûϵסӢۡϻ˿еĹˣȻС䣡
¹Ҽû뵽ǣŻڿ˵ҪºŰݷõĹˣȻڽ𽣶죡
ʱ˿̣𽣶ƽͣͶ¹ҼǰΪһ¹Ҽǵûһ˿һǫ̬֮ʱ䳰ȷҫ¹Ҽһ
͵䳰ȷ¹ҼûзϣƾݵλҪѹһţֱ練ơ
˭룬¹Ҽǵû˳óѣңƵԷ
ǣмδ͵£¹ҼԼȥ˴ģֱŰ
¹ҼҲûϵԼȥ˴ɻ
¹Ҽ̫ˣûĹҵļҪΪЦˣ
¹ҼϢδҲ̫ˣǸ˶֪Ž컯ɾеõϻԵˣҲҹթʥӣ˵°ӵ裬мǧ
¹ʥŽǰֵһᡣЦ¹ҼΪܷΪ٣սԼ涪ˣ
ȫһƬɽХĺЦ˷Զơ
¹Ҽɫϣ޵޲ǰȥ𽣶һ˸Ͼɱ
һνɱħսۣ¹شıἯᣬѷʢϣһ뱣ֵ͵ġû뵽һСľͳΪ۽Ľ㣬ĸѹɽ󡣡
Ŀһ˲ͶԼײЦá
һ¹ҼԱģ鲻ԽЦʹ죡
һ𽣶죡
һŽ壡
ԳˮЦ¹ҼɫϵȻ̴̱ľϣһɰɱȻûȴɢͱ¹Ҽѹס˳𲻱ǾӣûĹ¹ҵ棬ǱһССĽ𽣶ܹˣ¹ҵļſˣ
¹Ҽһʱ˼׷ɣܿ뵽һߡ
ʱһ¹ҼԺз׷ɶ˹㳡֮ͳ˧¹򾫱ͳ˧¹Ӻʥĸ֣
ܿ죬¹۳ϵ¹Ӻʱ⣬첽ǰ¹Ҿǰƽһȣ󣡡
ϡ
һ̶ĽϵشĤ֮С
¹Ҿ뻮һر䶯ԭĺתΪ
һ󣬲ûʲôϵȴʹԭԽܵͣøӵɢͬʱÿһ¹űĽУ뻮һػеıǹ˻ɱ
ã¹ôһ󣬺ܿҪռݵķǿռˣ
¹ң϶Ϊ֮¹Ҽߣͼѹˣǽ𽣶ɢ
ɶ¹ҵˣǽ𽣶ֻǧϣϣҪһأ
𽣶ʿһüͷ壬



1372 ֻǧ
ûȽ𽣶һӦ䣬Ĺ¹ҵľɽХ㣬سŽ𽣶ڵķλǰк˼ûУһҪϽ𽣶ĵӣǿаռ𽣶ռݵĳء
ý𽣶ĵ־ŭһæҵغ󳷣ЩƢ𱬵ĵӣƿڴ
¹ңȻҪǽ𽣶ǰǽ𽣶ˣǱ¹켦칷һֱӸߣδЩ޹⡣
¹Ҿڱ¹ҼխرСˣ
ޣ־ƽǽ𽣶Ĺ¹Ȼǳ˲ٵſҲ¹ң
𽣶ĵӣȻջ𣬵ǲ鲻Ը󳷣ɽ¹ڽʿǰûӲӲ
ǺǣһȺС
ңĶȻҲǻĹ¹ҽа壬ֱȡ裬ǻĹ¹ҾҪ𽣶ĵӣ˵ҷ̾ҪΪɥ֮Ȯ
ҪǻĹ¹ҵҪնħ򷢱ʱֱ̤ƽ𽣶ɽŶڻ¡
Ĺ¹ҵһڵӣƽｾˣռݾƵ£ϵŽ𽣶ĵӣ֮ܡ
̨ϣϻˡӢۡ׵˿һĻɵüͷһ壬һ۵Сۣ΢΢̾ϢЩΡ
Ȼ¹ҼҪһسӣûܹסֻŽ𽣶ܹʶʱ񣬲ҪĹ¹ҷνĳͻ
Ļһģеôڴ˴γӰ죬Ƿǳ޴ġ
ǲҪ̫ͽü΢΢ҧ
֣Ī³ç
ûͷ쭣ڼӢ۵һ͵Ժ𣬡ԴΪء
һ΢΢³һڲٺüԡ
ų򡣡
¹ҼЦЦض͵һһʧȥǣӶ֡
ʱ¹ҼͿö֮سֽѵͣһʧ¹Ҽķ
ϧͺܿ侲¹ҼЩʧֻɺתͷۿ¹ұϽ𽣶ӵĳ棬г졣
ϣ
˭룬ʱһӰ͵ػƳգڻĹ¹𽣶ӵش̼䣬һɳʯ׷ɣһĹƾճ˵ǰ

ͻһĻڸˣȫһܵؿ˹
ֵһͦΣɫ۵ӣȫⱩͻ˸Žеı⡣
˵˺Ȼʮ룬ųһеһ˵ġŽ塱
ţǿûУ𽣶ȳˣ
кϷˣҲ»Ĺ¹ҾԲ״ôһֵĺʱ𽣶鷳ˡ
ߣиŵԲģսһײǲɱˡ
ΪŰŽ壬ȻĹ¹ҶѪӲ
𣬷׷
Ž壬Ҫ¹ҿս𣿺ãǵȵľᣡ
ʱʥ¹ӺֳһƽսǹǵزȺ룬Ӹµбסͬʱ¹ȫĥ׼һ¾
ţ
¹ҿս
׵һЦҡҡͷ¹ӺΪ¹ҵʥ;ˡΪһػµĴɷû뵽ȻжŮģǷǺڰףػֲ塣
һʧ¹ӺǸ֮֮еģ¹ӺЩԶԡ
Ȼֻһ΢ʥҲ֪һıҪնħġ֦ˣ˲²ľġ
ɣƾ粻֮࣬һ͸¹Ӻһñӣȫѵ¹ҡ
壬㲻ҪѪˣȶֵģŵ˶ܹ֤ҾͲţĿ֮£㻹ܹɣ
¹ӺǸƢһ̾ҽУס
ԲӡЦЦҡҡͷҸûжֻ֣ǻһֽߣ¹ǽ𽣶ĵܹԵأҪ໥
ҲǻĹ¹ǳʲôĿͻȻıΡҿʮȷظ㣬ǽ𽣶ȻֻһҲߡνһգǽ𽣶Ϊ˱¹ұѾ˺üʮˣѾ㹻ˡ
ǻôߣ𽣶ĵӣôֻһ취ˡ
΢΢̧ͷ¶һΪöĵЦݣ̤ȥ



1373 ƾ
ţ
ʲô̤ȥ
¹ӺһЦǰϣֵúϲ£죬壬㲻ǽҵõԵܹڶ̶̵ʮʱڣԪ쾳硣
ƾ̶ֳȵľΪҲͼ赲¹򾫱δЩ֪ߵغˣ
¹ӺҡͷһЦԴǰҵҪƾʲôܹǻĹ¹ҽа壡
δ䣬һ糱İƣ̩ɽѹһһ𽣶һڵѹ
ãʥ¹Ӻˣ
ÿֲѹΪĹ¹ҵʥ
ȫֵɲһٶ˽𽣶ƣ
𽣶ĵӣװȻͷĹ¹ҽа֮ȫҵĹǣ׷ͣ˽Ųǹͦһվ׵˫ִɱ졣ʥ¹Ӻѹ׷״߶ڵԪֵ
ʥֵѹǽ𽣶һȺΪǳĵܹģ
۵֪
¹ӺζһЦѹȻһ̨ס
䡭
ʱһɾ춯صѹͷѹȶ£ý𽣶ڶӣȫ·׵Ҫһƨɹڵء
ڴ˷սĵӣȫǽ𽣶ľ񣬸ǣԣÿһȫҧأϹڻĹ¹ҵǰ
ǺǣҵҪ¹ҵʥжôʵ
һЦһʥֱҪǧ磬ҡػΣ˻
䣬¹Ӻѹͱ׸赭дصֵ
¹ӺʥôҴʧ¹ӺѹȣĲڻ¹Ӻ
ʲôһʥȻסҰ˳ɹѹ
¹ӺٿصһأЩԼ۾
¹ӺֳŵӢۺܣȫһ󾪺̾װԵƥƸסˡ
ߣ¹Ӻ˵Ƶʥϴǰȴֻһֽϻˡ뵱ϴ컯ɾУһɱ龳ĸ֣ڲ𾳸ֵǰӶݡ֮£¹ӺһЦˡ
ֱͦڼӢ۵µعĦ¹ӺĶԿһЦ
Ĺ¹̫ȻԶ٣ԴСǳ˿ҵһӦ
ɽһķǰϷսȭͷҧֱ죬һĹҶѣܹסˣȴסǽɽһ
ǺǣҪͷˣһ¹Ӻܵסֵģ
ԶҵķУһϮ۵ĶҹΣ˿̵һЦһ絭ᣬصģ绨ʦôӵңˣ绨ò˴ߡ
̨֮ϣӢ۳Ƭ̣¹֣һ㿴ΣӢһ˵鸽壬ų̆ϵһ𣬷׷׿˹ȥüռݵķóǻĹ¹ңǼһγڣó㹻¹ű󡣡
ڹ˽Ӣ۶ϣĹ¹𽣶ĦԣҪìܡ
˭룬¹ҼĮһЦ˰֣ѣԲӡһĹ¹˵ֻڣǾϸļԼɲܹǲġ˵ˣⲻ֮䷢һЩСĦԲΪ⣬һЦ֮ΪĲ֣ЩСЦˣ
ӢϢһϣüš
֣Ҳ˼ʱڡ
ţ
ӢԸвתͷһͣû뵽ʱͻܹӣȵ̴ľ̸Цڽ𽣶ĵӱ£Ҳ꣬һԹ۵ļơ
ǶµӵʵţĻԿ
ãȻˣҲͲٶˣֻ˵һ䣬κ˲ö֣Ļ̽ؾġ
Ӣ۵ڣ͵ӿһΨҶĻϢֱӣһԼȳըף⴫־쳹ʮԺƺӢ۵һһǽԣ˱ܵҪӡ
ţ
öô¹Ӻһ˫۲ɵ΢΢죬ڼӢ۵ĻǲΥֻǰ̾Ϣоףź
ףȻһž޲ģ˴Ħ͸е뷨
ߣû뵽ʥƾˣ೤ԶҲϵس£أ̩ɽòطˡ
ܵΧͶķĿ⣬Ϊʥ¹ӺϲЩ̣ʱٽ֣ҧ⣬Ҫʩչؼһٻ׵ĵֵ



1374 Ա
³һĨѪ͵һȼ졣
Ŀ֮£¹ӺȫԡһȦȦԹΰεض𣬶ȥ¹ӺͺһȫһȦһȦıǧ׭ڶ𣬻¹Ӻ̺һԱϡ

ɲǼ䣬˵ĿȫΪ֮һ쳹
쿴¹Ӻ˰˰ԱҪˣ
¹ӺΪĹ¹һʥ˷ΪĹ¹ҵͳ˧Բ֮峹׼ŭ¹ӺҪùˣ
˵¹Ӻʱǹƥ˰ٸǧ磬㼣鲼䣬µǣ¹Ӻ֮󣬾ͱչ꣬˰˰ԱÿһԱһϡ
˵¹Ӻİ˰Աȫ߶һ֮䣬һǳûһλʥܹʹ¹Ӻİ˰ٵԱȫ߶ǰãһλѾõʥҲͽ¹ӺİٵԱһͿأ֮ûУ
û뵽ԪĽ壬Ȼܹȵ¹ӺԱԶ׼϶ҪԿͷˡ˵ܹ¹Ӻİ˰Ա֮£Ҳǲԩˣ
ڷǳ棬һһ֮ƵףֵܹڼԱ
ڳļʮӣһ̾
ͬʱвйڵʿϲʿΪһѺ
壬ضҪΪɥ֮Ȯ
˰˰ٵԱ¹Ӻ˵ʻȻһ£壬Ͷ֮䣬̺һµϡ
ţ˰Աô
üͷһڵĽɫѪʱҷȻȫûһ˿һľ֮ɫЩĪ˷ܣұҪ̺˰˰ٴǧϵԱϣ㲻Ҫʧ
䡭
䣬¹Ӻ֮ϣʱֳһԱ飬Ӳɣϰٵ֮ࡣ
һٵԱ
¹Ӻ˵һٻһٵԱԡ𱦹֮£޷ֱӡͬʱһϯ£ѹȵ״Ϣܣǲƺ̼Ҫγϣһغ
ǡ
׽ǲɵһͭƺҪ˲һ̲ࡣ
ȣ
׵ͺһ߶еİѪһɳѪֱǿסѹ
ţ
Ȼסˣ
¹Ӻһ죬ʱٳɣԱµ¹ӺѾǲܲˣҪ׸һٻˡ
飡飡飡
׵ʱ󳷼˫ʯש֮УӲǱϳ¢
˸Ƿ«έһʱпܱκ˸Ʒɳȥ
쿴Ҫֵסˣ
岻һʥܹ֧ŵزѾǷǳˣ
¹Ӻʵֲ̫ˣʥĸУҲֻмӢܹѹһͷ
һ󾪺
ͬʱؾеķ֡ҹϷˣܹĵؽš
缸ҿɲؿϴ裬һϴҪǳԿˣӵһĹ¹Ҹɣ
ҧгݵ
ûһޣʲôĹ¹ңǼֵܴǰףҲû˹˭ҪǸͷʺǸ缸˱壬ҲҪ¹ƴˣ
ϷǸƢԾԾԣҪ¹սһˡ
ҷһһΪأΪֻΪߵļֵܣ˶ս÷ϻֱӴ߶罣׼֡
λ԰ꡣ
ʱҹһЦҾûôװ˵ˣˣǼֵΪֳҲ¹ҳ׳
ܿ죬׵ļֵܣѾ˹ʶ
գװܵ裬̾Ҫֹ¹ҡ
ʱ򣬾ǼӢ۵Ҳúָ𡣱Ͼڣ֡ϷֶǸŵӣ⣬Ǹδϣ
ַ
ַ
𽣶ǧӣһĿ¶еؿףɫ̼
װ˰֣һЦǿסӣţһ˱еһö֡
ǰ
壬Ҷ˽ˣģһ֮һССʥˣ뵱Ұٻ컯ɾʱ򣬴ӿ»ûأ֮УһӰϯȻ컯ɾһİٻ롣
õ˰ٻŵ׵ʱһƣ˵
Ǻǣ¹Ӻҿԣͱˣ
һƣЦζ



1375 Ի
ޱߵؾ֮УʮȫװǹĿ˸˸ض¹ӺĶԿ
ӴΪʮĹеһŽ壬Ȼͬ죬ȻܹסٵԱѹȣʵѾԿʥˣҹĿ࿴
վֻһʥǽ𽣶͹һϣ㣬ϾͻشһͿأ
¹ӺЦ׵֮У¶һĨ֮ɫ
׿̸չֳķǷ¹Ӻĸʥ̲סҪΪ֮̾
ǣ¹Ӻ׵ĶԿżʮԹۣ¹ӺΪʥ˵ʲôҲҪ쵶ն飬սЦ
ԡ
һΣ¹ӺֱӼٵԱ֮ǰٵԱһЯ޾¡¡ѹȶ¡
ţ
˭룬û¹Ӻһѹ£ƽһȣƺӴǧս⣬˻ǧľ
ţ
ôţ׼ʰ·磬ˣ¹ӺһƣһЦضס
ҡҡͷӭ¹Ӻм赭д΢΢һЦֱֻӽ˰ٵԱȫʡһҵ£вʣ
˵ʱɫ࣬һƺڲһʵ
¹ӺĶУЩ֪ĸоˡ
ʲôҽ˰ٵԱȫٻ
壬ҪѰ·ˡ˰ٵԱȫٻڵָ佫һ̲࣬ѱ
¹ӺЦһû׵Ȱ裬ֱȫ߶İٵԱسȥ
¹ӺȻҲĿǡ
İٵԱȫһٻףûбҪеԱȫϾ˰ٵԱ¹ӺԳľײᱩ¶˵ǰ
⣬Ҫȫ߶˰ٵԱ𱦻񣬵ʱܻһΣʵɱ䡣Ǹʱ¹Ӻսһɳ죬ͬʥǰȫһ
ûһܹȵ¹ӺԱñ
ԣ¹Ӻһصѹ׾
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲䣬İٵԱЯ޾ܣ¡¡ѹȶ¡
𽣶ǧӣһŵɫҰף׷׳֣ȫػอܲһغ
мӵĵӣæ󳷼ɢ
ס
ȴǱ˫֣һž޲ģȵܶͷѹȶ£׵һЦ޷һضǿƣƻɽһش׵ĵռ֮Уϯ
һص֮У̺Űǧܣ·ǧ콫ݡ
䡭
ƺƻײһ͵ײһ
ʱĿһĻ󣬾ӡʥ¹ӺͷŶܣϯʱͺеһҶۣɲǼķѣûˡ
ţ
ܣҵܡ¹Ӻʶ񣬸һ춯һңϧû¹ӺӦ˾ͱֱƷ˳ȥ۵һһѪȫ½ǴϣһıƱӡ
֮⣬ԭԹ۵¹ҵӣҲ⧲֮£һֱӱ׺ݵƷ˳ȥѪӿǹɢһء
ȥԭ뻮һ¹̼ڵľȫףڵش̱ڵشѪ߰˸˶ѵһҴܣѪɡ
ͻĹһĻڳΧ۵ļʮɵ𾪣һ촽£Լ۾
ǿûУŽڣȻϯһصܣޱޱǿᣬȻ¹ӺֱӱƷ˳ȥ
ֲ̫ˣ岻ֻһʥȻƾǿܣһٽ¹ҵྫƷ˳ȥ̫ˣ
ѵһĴ˶ǿ񲻹ֻһʥܹѹˣʥ¹Ӻ̧ͷȵгһգ񹦴ɵʱ򣬿ݹʼԴǣûм˻Ķ֣
Ǻǣ֮ǰ¹ӺһӸҫӣڿҪһ̲࣬ýһͿأû뵽һתۣˮתԼͱһɥ֮ȮȫȻûз֮˷Ц
Դ¹Ӻ˳˰ٵԱһٳ֪δһܡû뵽һܣȻǰһʥߵУʥߣٲȻӵòһ˸п찡
ټһؾȲֱ֯



1376 ѪΪԼ
㼸ʮ򾫱ǰ׺ܺõһϻĴתϷ
Ϊ֮̾۷
Ϊҵϴ󣬹ȻûʧǶ¹ӵܵĲǽĹҵˣ
⣬㵸
ûв´Ӧðٻǰˣ
ҹһжϡ
ֵͷһЦ˵¹ӺǳڵʥٻǰЬʸûˣ
ϷˬʴЦ˵ûǰٻ뵱Ǵ˳̨Ͽɣ컯ɾߴΪ֮龳֣𾳸ûܽɱٻ롣İٻ룬龳еٮٮߡȻΪ˰벽ڲһ飬Ҳ¹Ӻܹģ
Ϸ֮⣬вٵῡܣ׷׹ƻкãΪ׵ľݶȲʡ
̨֮ϣ¹ҼϢһϣͻȻоһɸѪˮӿϺЩѪ
⡭ôܣ
Ž壬δҲ̫ˣ
¹ҼݺݵضԶףԹٲȻǽ׵жд̡
ûϵջӶ裬Ϊ˵Цϡ
ڽ𽣶ͣǺεЦͷޣã̫ˣǽ𽣶ӵķɣ
ţϲ𽣶õһӣպĳɾͣԲ
вŪһ飬Цеؿ͡
͹һЦ΢ǫغ˼䣬ȴֿ˻
Ž츳ǱܣԵˣͬһʱһУһָǸĹҵӣŽð޹⡣Ӣզ̾׵񣬾ͺǿһ䱦һ
񲻹ֻԪ磬гһճΪʥʼԴУܹ忹Ҳֻ龳ĸˡƽʱ۾һưԵʥ޷Ტۣ
ϻ˸Ц
һѰ̴ľΧһȦûλ֣֮ҲǼӢǰĲá˿ڸˣȫ͵ߣ֮ʡ¹ҵļǷʽ԰ο˶ûС
֮£ʹ⣬¹Ҽȴң˷Ц
ַ
ַ
𽣶ǧ׽񼣵ı֮һ󻶺ȸԾһĪشӵ׵ߣеľ·׵֣죬ɽһ
żʮĿ⣬׵һЦϢͦɣһ
ƺһλѾõʥ¹Ӻ˵ֻһֵС£ֵһᡣ
¹޾ĳЦϷŰУæҵطҲ˲ñʲôƣһϥˣװڵصǹ׼̵ֻش롣
ۡ
¹Ӻ֧ſ³ںѪһаȻϣдį
¹ӺûϵԼгһջһԪʥУһǵŸ㼸ʮ棬ν֮
˵ӽ¹ӺԭеһǧɣΪ׵ĵʯֻҪᵽ¹ңᵽ¹Ӻͻ鲻Խ뵽ף뵽ӵʵˣԪ磬ͻʥ¹Ӻ
֮һ仰һսһٳ֪ԼٶһոµĲΡ
Ԥϵǣٹһʱ䣬׽ȪʼħʥĦݿˣϵ½ʥǧѰʵϢһɿشʱ׵һɳ죬ȫͬһ
һĵһˣʥ֮µĵһˣ
Ȼ˵ֻԪ磬ֻһʥӰȴѹ˸Ѿõʥ
һǶ˵׵ķɿҲŽ𽣶ĵλȽȽ
գ𽣶ǿܹһ׵֮£гһһܹһ⣬ڽ䳬Խ
Ž塭
̡ϷŰĿУ¹Ӻεض𣬺ƲӥһףһҪļơ
ס֣
һӢɣص¹Ӻǰüԣ¹ӺѵûҵĻ˵ˣ׼ģĻ̸ҹؾ˵
һɱӢ۵壬·һʱըʱпؾ
¹ӺȻһڼӢǰȻĸ¹ӺҲòһЩ
Ҳ
¹ӺҧгݣƬ֮ҧһ³֣ÿһֶһУһһޱײеи¹ӺอѪ⣬¹Ӻʹ
¹ӺȰ㣬㽫еĵȫչֳĻҵвʣ㲻ţںҲˣ
һζҡͷһЦʧߣ׸ö࿴һۡ
ʱ˿̵ף۽һʥ׷ϡ
ãһŰĽ壡
¹Ӻҧ촽һѪ˳°ȪˣǣϣܹҽһƽľսҪˣұߵŰݣʰ·磡Ȼ뿪¹ңʲôʱһǧٵԱٻһս



1377 ȥ

䣬ȫΪ֮ڡ
¹ӺȻҪ׹ƽԼս
ңˣĸԸظʰ·磬ҸߵŰݣ
һʥĸ֣Ȼ˲Գݣı׸Ƽˡ
¹ӺΪĹ¹ҵʥĿɲԼ棬лĹ¹ҵ棡
¹ӺھУףҹߵŰݣ»Ĺ¹ҲӦʮа˾Ҫ𽣶ȫսʱ򣬽𽣶콫Ҫһƽ١
Լս
΢΢һЩЦ¹ӺаսʤңɫƽЦЦؿ¹Ӻ
׵Ŀ⣬¹Ӻһҧҧûг
ȷ
ֽ¹ӺûоԵİսʤףԪף¹ӺķۡԴڱһޱضǿ֮¹Ӻ͸оЩзˡ
ȻûоԵİսʤңǾͲҪһʱ嶯ԼսΪ䲻𡣡ҡͷһЦ
¹Ӻ͵һͷ
ûϵ׾Ȼ˿֮䣬û¹Ӻ˼
¹Ӻ΢Ƭ֮󣬵ʱɣϸ̨¹Ҽǰ񣬡Ҹ¹Ҷˣ𷣣
¹Ҽһһûж
ϣŽһѪԼֳһߵͣ׿ϡ¹Ӻһ
¹ҼĬĬƬ̣ڰ̾һͷã¹ϡ׼󣬵Ҫס񱳸¹ҵҫʧܣֻɹ
¹Ӻһϲл
һʧܣһ̽¹ңӴԺĹ¹Ҳûаϵ
¹ҼɫĮɲԸ¹Ӻ¹ҵϺġ
¹ӺһỬۿ
˵¹ӺΪĹ¹ҵһԱΪ¹ҳЧ꣬¹ҼȻһ仰Ҫ¹Ӻ¹ң¹ӺΪĺĸо
ͬʱ¹ҲʹͷĬ
׻˵ĶʹĶվ
¹ӺڱѹһͷвʣΪȵҪףԼϡ
ͬ⣡
¹Ӻã³һ˾ͺһ˲䱻еľ񣬱һɱ򡣽ţһһӸ̨֮£׵ǰ۵ףղ𲻴ӦҶѡһӣֻǰ𽣶죬ϣʱ㲻Ҫʧ
˵ţתǵ¹ǰһ󣡺󣡡
¹΢΢һڶݵĳĬ֮󣬵ˢˢƶɢ󣬱غ
֮䣬¹˻ԭķУռ𽣶ĳظ˳
¹Ӻе˼
΢΢һЦ¹ӺִŶᶨıӰеЩ˼
𽣶ĵλ
ҡҡͷ񣬳Ž𽣶ǧ´
ϡ
ʱǧ뻮һжȻĹҵı̸ʲô˶ڣʱ˿̣ȴΪȣɱһ֧顣
ԭȵļ𽣶ķϣ׵ͳ˧ǸŭԣΪޡ
׻¹Ӻ֮󣬾ûٸ׵ˡ
˵𽣶֮⣬ڶ¹Ӻ
ͳ˧λãĪɡ
նļӢۣһ¹𽣶˹ʶûд󶯸ɸƣһԴص˸̨֮ϡ
λѣϷвʣиˡ
ʱ¹ҼվŸ̨ϵĸ˹֣𣬸¹ҵӣеӣ¹Ӻָӣնħȣõ


һʱ䣬¹һɽХӦУһ˿뱯顣
ģһħͳ˧ͷȥģ
¹Ӻڵأɫ㡣
¹Ҽؿһ۲Զһۣһ˦ӣһΣƾʧڹؾ֮С
̨֮ϣ׿Цһ̾Ϣ¹ֺôҲǻĹҵһ֮¹ҽ裬Ϊ˹ȫ֣¹Ҳֱ𽣶սֻձΪ˵Цֻǰȥˡ
Ϊ¹ˡ
ϻ˵˵ͷ˵¹֣һնħһԱ󽫡

Ӣҡͷ̾Ϣɳ£ͲӦһŵ֯һҲôĿĿİˡ
˵һܣ
üͷһѯʵ
ӢΪȻص˵ͷһǰ˲𾳸ֶ֣Ĳе֣϶Ҫ׵ö࣡



1378 
䡭
ͻȻ䣬ޱߵؾһҲһɰԾصĿֲƣϯ·ܹǧǧ硣
ؾеļʮȫһɫϾ
ܿ죬Ŀ֮£һɸȺؾڲۣɱֳָĿķؿڴԿһɷġ֡
ǿ쿴ǻĹźҵˣ
ĹźҺộһؾǧˣ
ʮǰǰףȵúһսνžڻ𾳵Ĵн֡źǣպһͿأûĹźΪЦȫĹźҵˣԭΪһνɱħ壬ĹźҲ¶棬˭룬Ĺźҷǵ¶ˣ̻Сǧ׼ǰˣ
ڳĹźйԹԸҪĹ¹һŷìܣ
ڸˣȫ۷׷ף򺫼ҴǾη̾
λѣҺˣλѱ
ǧǰһɫ۵ˣᣬ˫һ㵭ˮԿ
ͷһˣŲˮ֮Ƶĺĵ
ĵ龳ĸ֣ǰ˵ˮԴɱ䣬ʵٳ߸ͷһΪ龳аμĴڡû뵽ɺĵ캫ҴһκƺΪⳡնħսۣ
Ȼ𽣶Ľˣչֳĵ̣ȴʵʵڵ壬ЩҺ飬ϢʵֻԽԽֲ
Ĺźҵĵ̣ڻĹУǰéģմǧֻ΢ѷɫڻĹżҡ
˵Ŀȫĵˡ
̨֮ϣӢۡϻˡ׵˲ɵĵЩӡ
ʮǰӣȫΪ׵ֵܣ뵽˺׵ĶУνĹź˺û뵽һնħĹźҾȻӼҵĺ٣һھǰַħ塣
ԭǲˮʺĵʧʧ
Ӣ𣬹ҾҲΪ壬ػ£𣬴˷ҴڶľһܹɱðħƬײ
ϻˡ׵ˣǳңźĵĬ
̨ϵÿһˣһۣ棬˵зӪĸ߲㣬ʾá˼Ӣ縺ΣͼɳĴ֮⣬ûеڶˣŲˮʺĵ
Ӣ۵ĻĵһЦתͷһĄ̇ϵˣɵðȻһĹźҴǼ䣬˷նħսۣһĹźԵȣεͷ
ˣһĹźһ˶෽ˣȷ˴սۿսݣ
ĵȻ
ĵһڣͽĹźҵĵλĸϣ̬ܸߣϻˡסټˣкܲζˣԺպսٲȻһ̬
ʱͷȫ΢΢ü
¡¡¡¡
䣬мʮֳ˼ʮӪ룬ԪӴؾҲֿҪֲסӦѵơ

ͻһĻؾеһڱɵȻһȻ
ĹźҺôͷԼǧྫңٻ˼ʮʮ֮࣡
˵ĹźĺȻĹżҲʮǰɽչֳ˲𾳽ΪΪ֮𾪣Ӵһɳ죬̶̵ʮ䣬£˲ںҡ
ҿһ֮ⲻھƣĲ
һ۷׷ףĹźҵ񣬶мɵ
ţ
Ȼʮ򾫱
Ӣ۽üһЦããһպս˷Χ˰ħ壬ޣΪĹżҵļͿԼ޵ĺĹźܹΪҷֵΣٸż뵽նħУ˲壡
һѾ߰ʮ֮ˣ
Ӣֵúϲ£졣
ԽǿΧ˰ħĳɹʣҪöࡣÿһ飬ϣġ
׻˵Ⱥףһɢɳ˵ħһˡ֯ĽȽѡӢۣ㣬һͳ˭
ĵնûڼӢ۵֮£Ρΰĸ̨֮һӸµ̬һ׼Ȩ



1379 
ĵһϯͱˣһҪλá
һʱ䣬ȫһƬȻ
ûУĵһҪΪ䣬ֱΣ
˵ǲˮʺĵˣǺҵļˣҲȻ޷Ϊ䣡
֪ĵʲôĵ˵ⷬ
˽
ĵĪҪΪ䣿һƣһЦ
һˮʣʲôʱܹǰָֻţߺˣߣ¾ǺҵļǰҲȻ˷
ϻͬΪȻ
ӢɫһһǰһЦ˭䣬ǸŻûннۣǲˮʲô飬ȫ
ˮʺĵüͷһЦףҵĽǣ˷һĹź쵼֤ɹħɱƬײ
ĵĻ̺һɰԪǧսҡػΣ˻
˻
ȫ𾪣ÿһ˶һؿĵû뵽ĵ˿ԴֱƼĹźΪ䡣
ĵƾҲͷδҲ̫˰գ
ϻ˵һЦž޲ضźĵ벻ˮʺĵͬǣϻıԪΪԼˮԪصĲˮʺĵЩˮݡ
ĵԶͱȡˡ׸͵
ͬʱٺļҲ׷׳֮䣬ںĵǳм
Ǻǣֻ˵һĹź쵼û˵Һĵ䡣֪ҲˮʺĵᲢۣҺһˣԵ䣡
ĵһЦ˵Ŵһӣʱĺұ֮УһαĸԲ׳ŷɱ֮ϺȻ̱һλߣλȫɱϢ٣һнľģһԻǵż¶âȻӢۺΪ֮̾
Գˣţû뵽һնħȻúҵڶԳɽˣһκҵҰĲС
һʯӵŲ𾳽Ϊݹ棬ܹ俹ȼˣĵе䣬ʮа˾ָĺˡ
ú䣬룬ǲ̫˷ԵģһӵžԵʵǶԸڤʲɻȱĹǣҲûܹ
ҾͲһսУ治䣿⺫ǻĹźһƣ
ûв´Ļ⺫ԪѾˣҲ̫õʱ䡣һԳɽնħǱŲڤʵıڤʯȥġڤʯ̺ŲڤʵԪǺܹռΪУ֮һܹഺפ
ѹֻĹźܹһӺ֮ԭǺԳˡ
ڶݵ֮糱
ݼ棡
ݼ棡
һ棬Ӣۡϻˡסصˣȫһŷ׷ǰҾûһ˵ںǰżӣ̧̬
Ͼı֣ΪɶҪһںҪߵöࡣ
񣡡
̧̧Ƥֱǻˣţһ֮ƾ쳹˵Ժ˴նħ¹شϷԸΪļ԰ȼһԪ
סϻ˵䣬ȫ΢΢ɫ䣬η֮顣
ҺһְǷǳ׵ģ֪˭飬ȫ
ĵһһͳסڸŵ䡢ϲЦտʼ
ȫžš
𾳽ĺԳԸΪ԰ȼһԪʲô˼
˼˵׼ƴˣһ׼ƴĲ𾳸֣һ룬˸еεѣɢ
ʱ˿̣˵ҶԺ浣һְ飬ô³ǳҡ
Ǻǣûˡ
ĵһܣʶ߰ʮ޼ɵһɨű˫֣ⲽȻˣôҺ棬ӦسΪ䣡
棬սƻҹƣ
ĵ졣
ȫ߰ʮ飬ԸԸ׷׹ףһ˿һĵ
ߣϹֳˣᣡ
𽣶ǰǹͦʱ˿̿߿еĺ棬ɵǿҫĺĵǲмһˡ



1380 ̫žת
ĹźҵĶԹ飬ν˲֪˲
񣬺Գռһְڽ𽣶죬˵һϢ
Ͼ˭֪᲻ṫ˽𣬸жСЬ
ԣ׵֮£𽣶ĵӲûһ⡣
úȲʣĵһοٿأĿΪ֮һֱؿ𽣶ڵķλ׵Ӱʱĵͫһһӿͷ
ԭŽǸСߣȻҺ棬һҪѿ
ĵһһ֮ϵĺ档
̧Ƥбһ۽𽣶ķ򣬾Ŀ⣬ƺûнһ
ţ
ע⵽ˣ
һͷ
ò𾳸ֵܣһԪСܹģֻһ񣬶ߵҡ
̧ϷϷ㲻֪߳ܵ䡣
֮ϣδ濪ڣһ֮ϯ£ЯһĲܣ쳹˵Ժ
ȳһ¸ŵıþսơ
ϣһʶϯ죬ոգؾȫУʱؾе߰ʮȫɪɪɫ԰ֽһֻצǧֲֻ˵ȫ飬
ÿֲܣΪĹźҵ棡
ּĸ֣Ǵʥ߶Զ
ֲ̫ˣнľߣܹӵ˾춯صܣ
ؾе߰ʮĲ
ʱ䣬ٿƣʱ˷׷һѹÿϵһ̩ɽֱ̼
ȣ
ͺһһԱ⣬ȫɢ崺һ̼þ壬ȫȻûһ;ƿݵĸо
Ŀ֮£ĺ棬֮վɿݵһӣһڰƾճڰ֮УǧԴ£ޱ޼ʵؾ̼ùԲӲӣɾ֮С
ৡ
ʱؾе߰ʮʿȫ̧ͷĿ˸˸ȥ
ǿûУһڰ̣ڰƺ̺һɽı壡
ֲ̫ˣǧ콫ڸ߿УϢ
ϣܹʮӣÿһӣɢӨӨ⣬ȫһ۲۵ķҿƷʾԲڰ벽ʥ
һ̣գʮӣÿһӣӵ޾ʥȰ벽ʥǾף
߰ʮʿڸܵڰϴµ޾ܣȫһһ۷׷
ǡ
Ӣ˫΢΢ϸֳһĨ֮̾ɫƿ˴һޱȵ𾪡
̫žת̣
ϻһε𾪣˵У̫ʱ֮һƴ֮ɵ̣ÿһڲӵһؾʮ򾫱һ̣ܹ߰ٶʮ򾫱Եأ˼ɣ
ͬʱһ̫Ŵ󣬿ݻǧֱ仯һгͿԻûǧִԵУܾ춯أ
û뵽Ŵ˵ʧѾõľת̣Ȼ˺У
ϻ˾
䣬סټҼصˣҲ̾
Щ۾һưԵڿת̵һɲǣе֮顣
Ĺźҵĵ̫ˣ˵У̫žת̣ǹԵصļƷȻ˵ƷʣǴһ׾ܹɨһƬȺսļƷ
׳û뵽ýһչǰһν𰵺ħ壬Ŀֱָ꣬ڤʣî˾Ҫȡڤʵڤʯˣ
϶ǿҪ;ƿˣȻҲӶؽĹźҵĵƷ׼һˡ
̨ϵһۣȫզ̾
Ҷں浣䣬ֱ
ӢҡͷһЦԭҪƾٵһεġû뵽澹Ȼ˵е̫žת̸˳Ŀࡣ̣ʵɱħ彫ֵ飡
棡
棡
֪˭ͷӴؾ֮Уڸľȫеķкźš
ԭǴ˵е̫žת̡
׸ֶʩչѰۣһɨܿ׾·֣ûп̫žת̣ǲƵġʮӣֻжʮӿתӣأҪ޸С
ֻжʮӣҲͬװʮûǧֹ
զ̾вⷺҿǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣһ֮컯ɾīǰ컯ɾΧشսɳҪһƬĽɽɣƾΪһ֮
ǣīǰϾֻ龳磬ƾһ֮еȵĸҲڶʱɾ͡ҪҲܹӵһžתָ̣䣬ûǧֹƣͷų˵ܹƣ£ͿΧشһƬɽ
һˣײɵö࿴˼۾ת̣һʱЩ֣ҪΪеĸо

Ƭ̺ʹҡҡͷЦϧҪӲ𾳽ĺУת̣ǳ롣ӵоܣܹɨĹźҡĻֻǰΡ
֪ԼҪõת̵Ѷȣ˼һҷˡ
ظλҲ³̫ʱڵľת̡
߰ʮʿĽ񣬺浭һЦƽһɳ飬һָ㽭ɽ̬ƣõת̵ĸ԰򰵺ħ壬Ҳɱˮڣ
ϻ˵ڣҾͿʼǲѡеıа飬ĻϷҾ棡
ĳĿһҪʼ뽫
ţ
Ӣ΢΢һ棬ɷ񾲴գвŵıûе롣бˣٲ;նħİҲһЩ
뷢԰׵ĺһЦ֪ǳϵİħ壬ڣѾӵ߰ʮ֮࣬ǿ֮Ϊ
ѵİħɱ
ЦһһбһۼӢۣСӣҿǴĳԼƣҪٶ죬ͱû㣡
䣬ȫž
Ӣɫһ΢Ƭ̣ˡ



1381 ǧ
ӢΪĹżҵһ֮պգʵɲ⣬龳ĸ֣ҲڼӢǰߺָֻš
˭룬񺫼ȻӢۻСӣԲѷһΪ䣬ͿʼѹӢۣ
ԴˣӢ۲ûжԣֻĬĬܡ
û취Ͼǲ𾳽ĸ֣۱ҲҪȼӢ۸߳ΡӢ۾ķҲ
ʵϣں˵Ŀķǳȷնħ֮⣬Ҫ᲻ڤʵڤʯ
Ϊˣ治ϧ̫žת̸ٻ˳ٲȻҪ߾ȫһˡ
ǣҪȡڤʯҲֵ
ȣҪ˳նɱڤʲУΣҪӢۺܵľӱռͷܹóѡ

ĳ˵նħҲǶȡڤʯľߡ
ؾе߰ʮûзڶȡڤʯȫǳء
ǾȺȥȵôȻ𰵺ħļҪһҪ԰ռڤʯѶϵҲֱ
Ȼ˲𾳽ϹŶݹ壬ܹ俹Ļʯвٵġ
УΪԾһ𾳸֣Ϻһܡ
Ϻһܣ뺫Թͬˮ𡣵һŲӢۺܵ棬ܺ溫̫ȵúѪģȵ罻սҪԹԽꪸ׳ĻĹźҵĵӣҪӴΪˡ
꪿ǻĹźĵǻĹźҵĸ񣬾ȻҪãڻĹźңں̫˵顣
գǵһܼ뵽նħĶô̫ҪڤʯĸʾҪСöࡣ
ϾһܵʵҪں̫֮ϵġ
Ҳõƣ󣬴ΪҪöӣǾƳɰܵĹؼ
̫ըףҵӺڣ
ڣ
ڣ
ʱնǧຫҵӣҾɱ춯ء
󣡡
̫ͺһյľת֮ϣһöӨӨ⣬޾ԡ
ৡ
Ŀ֮£֮䣬ǧӣڲˮʺĵĴ£ɣԲ֮С
ɢӨӨӣӿһƱ⣬ǧˣȫӵڲռ֮С
û뵽תϵӣȻܹǧˣȴлҪֲö࣡
úҵӽ֮УΣ̾ƣˣۡ
󲢷̫ڸӵĴ⺫̫ƣжսʱ򣬻ʱ˵ϵÿһӣпףûй̶ĶԸ̫棬ĪҪ˽жΪѡ
ϵһöӣпǧ
һöӣɱ
Ҫսǳڵһ֧򡣡
̫ĳĿһת˾ĬļӢۣӢۣĹżҵĵɱϣնħӦǻĹżһȣ
䣬ȫһ
ҪöӣҲۣһһһɱһ
񣬺溫̫úҵȴüɱ
е⣬Զ
ȻĻȻԼҵüһǳʦȫԽ̵Ĺźҵϡ⣬ĹźһԹˮħĹ˳֮ϡ
ĹżĻһսȻ˲أҺûĹżҵѰţҽΡ
Ӣֳֵһһ֮Ϳ¾ǧħ壬мӢŻĹżҵĵӣһ̫ء
۷׷ס
ҵӺڣӢһͺ𣬿Х׷ɣڷ٣һϯ졣
ڣ
ڣ
ҵ
󣡡
Ӣ۽̤˾ת֮ϣżҵڣһöɱڲ
Ӣۺ÷ɣ
̫ȻѼңӢȴ˿Ϊ⣬Ǻȣ
ϻˣ׵˲ϵզп
ţ̫뽫һյĹ򣬾ͽؾڲ߰ʮ߰˰ˣʣһЩɢš
⺫̫ûὫҽ𽣶ţ
ͦǹʼգƲ
ڡ
𽣶ĵӣ󣡡̫ǵ˫У⡣
ͬʱת֮ϣһöɢŵɫĺɫ޾⡣
ţ
ʲôȻҽ𽣶ĵӣö֮УöӣףǰħĽؿڣһսƱؽӭӰħΪҵĹƣ



1382 ԪʼǬ
ʩչѰۣһ۾ͿеĶߣʱпһ
ûϵ溫̫Ȼ˼ԼȻý𽣶ĵӳ䵱ڻҡ
һսħҪ׵Ҫħ幥Ƶľǽ𽣶ڵӡ
ǣ𽣶첻ֻһʵǰٲȻҪѷһ
񣬺̫øΪǿöӣý𽣶䵱ڻңȻҪ˽ˡ
ߣϹǼǺҽ𽣶죬ǰף̫ϹҲشὫ洫ĵꪡ׳
ڣҪҽ𽣶죬Ǽթ
û
ͬʱ𽣶ǧӣ׷¶֮̿ɫ
ʦ֣⺫ϹȻڹǣвԸƵóѡ
̨֮ϵͣüüͷšһ֣΢Ƭ̺󣬲³һʦܣ֪⺫̫ҪΪǣǸûзĻᡣϾֻҪǽת̣̾ͻɺ̫еһöӣڲ
ھܾһöڲжսʱ򣬺̫Ҳȫһ֮бٲ
ԵΪɥ
ɫ৵һ±ò԰ֽ
ҪôܾսΪˣǧҪô͵Ϊ̫еһöӣ׷ǳᡣ
棬ҽɽһˣԸö֮УȫֵħĹƣ
ԥĵڣϻݲǰӧ
ţ
ϻǰһ㵵תͷϻ˵ķ
ϻ˵Ц˫֣ƺ壬ϻ˵ֵһᡣ
ϻ˵վһȲ꣬ŨüۣȻ׵ֵϷ
˿̣׾ȵĿ⣬Ϸתͷ׺ˬһЦգգ۾
ૣһ˿ů⡣
ϻˣɽһĵ̫٣ֻа˰ˣЩɢӣػ̴󡣡̧̧̫Ƥܾϻ˵顣
޷
ϻ˸Цһӣһ޾ϻϯӳһƬ졣
ȥϯصĻ֮УȻȫԡʿƣɱ졣
˻
ȫȻһɵ÷׷զп
ԭϻ˻һ֣أϻҲĶܡ
ɽһǲڻĹҵģϻǰμħսֻۣ˰پ
˼׷ɡ
ڲһöö֮УŵӢۺܣҲһп
ϻˣôĵӣ
ħ֣ʮ𼱣ĹͷǱҪֶ룬߾ȫСȻҵ뽫ʱ˽ؾǳıӵ
̫һһɰܴԳϻѹȶȥ
ţ
ϻ΢΢һȻһ̬֮ĿֲƣһͳһͭĬдʣʱƾʧ١
ʲô
ԪʼǬܹս˲ƶһʱȥȥ٣˵Уõ澵ӣȫڲ֮أû뵽ϻ˵УȻŴ˵еԪʼǬ
ɽһʵ̫ˣϻƾԪʼǬ¾Բ𾳽ĺ̫Ҳ޾ɫָ䣬Ϳʧ١
˾˳졣
նĺ̫һ˫ǵ˫ֺâһʶؾ֮غɨϻ˵Ϣǣϻƾһһ˿û
ǲ𾳽ĺ̫ȫϻ˵ϢҲ޼£
û뵽ϻ˵оȻԪʼǬǵԪʼǬնɱڤʽ׾ٵ顣ڣҵһܣնɱѩޣҲָտɴ
̫ϸŵĺ̼ü
档
أһͺں̫Ķ
̫ȻһͷƤըѭתͷȻϻ˵Ӱ֪ʱѾԼЦеԼ
ţ
̫𾪡
ò𾳽ĸ֣Զ϶һʶǬﶼ׷١
˭룬ϻƾճԣȻһķӦûУ
һʲôĸ
䣬ĺͷԭһΨҶµ̬ƣʱɢ
ν棬ϻպգһȻͬ졣
ȻӧҪö֮УȫػôұԸϣ㲻Ҫͬʧ
̫ĳ



1383 
á
ϻ˴һЦֻת֮ϣ̸ɫԣһӣɽһӺڣ
ڣ
ڣ
ɽȫԡڣʱȺǰżĿ̩࣬ɽһĴ󺺣ٲȻǴ˵еҾˡ
ɽӣ²
ϻըס
޾ֱǰ
޾ֱǰ
ɽ
󣡡
ϻһ¡
ʱɽһ糱һӿڲ
ϻѣɻɽһԮҽ𽣶Ϊ
̨֮ϣ͹һмؿϻˡ
ϻ˵һЦִԲӣ˵Ȯܹ컯ɾп飬˽Я࣬һɽһӦˮ֮ӿȪ౨
˫ֱȭɽҰĻɽˣöû˵
ʱ䣬ɽһĵӣ;ڲʱīӣŽһشصϻ˲ҿ

һɤ۵ء
⺫ϹһƲɣ϶ưոݣǽ𽣶ҪСС˼⡣
𽣶
ܿ죬̫Ŀ⣬̺âɨ𽣶ˣֲѹ𽣶ȫϥһЩڵء
ڣ
Ѫ繯ʱȫѪҺڣǹž޲Ȼ
󣡡
̫һһöӻƶɢɱ⡣
΢΢˫ʩչѰۣһ˲Ϳƣʱ΢΢һ
𽣶ӿɷնħ֮ģ
绢
ɱ
ɱ
𽣶ǧȡ
󣡡
һȣǧˣݲڲ
ţ̫뽫֮䣬ټؾڲͿһˣȫ˾תڲ
ں̫׼ͨǵʱټؾͻȻ͵һζһͨ쳹صĿֲƣϯ죬˻㡣
ţ
ƣǺηʥˣ
һ󾪺
նħҵķݣ
̫꽫ˣû뵽̶̼ʮ䣬ͻָ߰˰ˣ̾ѡ
նħ㺫̫ȣͷһ罻ս㻹ҪŵԣҴĵꪽ
һޱȵϯĲ
Ϻһܣ
һΪά壬ϧʩչ溫̫ˣȵúѪģ罻սҪꪷ׳յһ뺫̫ط֪꣬ʲôĻ𻨡
һˣ
ڲӢ۳һ
ৡ
ʱתڲһžӰƾճڰУһǰӭӵһܡ
ҹӭǰ
¹ҹӭǰ
ټҹӭǰ

һʱ䣬ͳ˧׷һܵǰ
һԣӰһǻȱһʡ
񡣡
һ֣ȻҶնħͲֵңӽͬ۹ãҪħϾɱ
˵ţһӣһѪܵͷһӵ˵ϡ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽˹ڵصͷ֮ϡѪܵͷģʱȫ촽࣬ɫϡ
⡭ǲɽ̫ϳϡͷ
ɽ̫ϳϲǴ˵е龳֣һǧ˰ǰ̤龳磬龳֣û뵽һǰŵһͷȻǲͷ
һǰΪλնɱɽ̫ϳϵͷ
һǰ̫Եˣ֮ǰǹƥ͸ĹźҶֽ֣ɽ̫ϳϲͷˣǾף
סϻˡټˣȫһզྪ
һ
߿У溫̫һһܵӰʱɫһ޵ҧгݣȫ¡
Ȼǧޣʱ˿̣Ҳҷ
ǰǣ
Ӣ۹ǰһؿһܡ
ڽӵ֪֮ͨڵһʱǰɽҪӣ׼ȫɱħ壬˭룬Ȼ֮䷢һء
һܵɫϾ
һȻ
ԭһһֱӰǰ˲ɽҪӡ
ӣڲɽҪӣͱҪǰɽһˣΪεһܷǵû˳ȡӣնɱ˲ɽ̫ϳϵͷ



1384 Ļ
˾ɵĿ֮Уһһһʮؽ֪ڲɽƿ֮£˷ħ壬Ҫħһ򾡣Ҫӣ
ǣҴ˷ǰɽͼӣʱȴ˷ǳֵ鷳
һɫϾĳ
ϻˡסӢ۵ˣȫһ㵵ؿһܡ
һܿò𾳽ĸ֣£ǰɽͼӣǸɽӣ˭Ȼ鷳
δҲ̫ˣ
Ͼ𾳽ĸ֣⣬翵ĲɽҲҪӣû˵ΥһܵԸ
뵱꣬ĹźҶһܵǹƥȫ޻֮𾳽ĺ̫һͿأڶ˳ԼһССĲɽƾʲôΪѵһܣ
ҵĵ飬ɽˣˡ
ʵϣɽȫ컯ɾеһ壬ڲϽʮǰ컯ɾɽ֮͸ʥӼʲôĺıѾҪʥӵڻң
ڲɽ컯ɾܿͻ˽ӦȪԡõԵŵʥӣܹѾðˣ
һĳ
ϻˡ׵ˣԼȫͷǡŵʥӻ֮󣬶Ŷ컯ɾļ䣬ԣڲɽֶУǺ޵
ĸ߲㣬֪ɽֶ֮󣬸ŭֱ͵̤ƽɽ
Ҫ翪սħ壬϶˷սͬˣԲɽ֣
ʱ򣬵ɽƭţһӦϦܹ֮ɽΪƽء
֪ǲɽɲʲôӣ컯ɾĵشߴ֮һġŹŵϽ
΢΢˫
ৡ
ʱȫˢˢתͷףһ֮ɫ
ھŹŵϢҲǴҷӷֵĿл֪ġ
˵ǾŹŵǾŴɵһ壬걻ܻ컯ɾռ컯ɾĵشΪ
һһʮؽ
˼ص˵ͷ
ʣŹŵͷСһܹ컯ɾưԣռΪȻС
ڣŹŵеһЩĹңҪΪֲ
Ͼ컯ɾųСɾ˵򲻱ޱߣڲĵرܹᲢ۵ġ
ߣû뵽ŹŵҰ֮󣬾Ȼ쵽壬̰ᣬ񣡡
˵컯ɾŨĵرΪξŹŵҪ͸
ңҪ컯ɾڱµĽƸӡˣͼ컯ɾųСɾĶ츣ؾΪˣ
ӲɽΪŹŵȻûģǸţҪ־С
һʱ䣬۷׷ס
λ
һѹѹ֣˵ʱһĿ˸˸ؿһܣҲˣҽɽ̫ϳϲնɱˡʵ翪սħ֣ұ벻ɽ֣ǣҷ˲ɽһ֮󣬾Ͳòˡ
ţ
ɽľأ
ϻˡӢ۵˵ĺȫ
ҲѾ֪ˣɽ˾ŹŵϽǣ´Ҳ֪ħܹ֮壬ս׾ǾŹŵ硣
һܺݺҧ
ԲԶĻȱеľųݶңһ˶ɵĿģ

Ŀ࣬ؿһܣöԼĶ䡣
һܵһ仰˵һʯǧˡ
ţħܹ֮壬Ȼ컯ɾľŹŵ
⾿ô£Źŵʲôʱ밵ħ年һˣԤı壿У϶м˵Ĺ
ϻˡӢ۵ˣȫĿ¶âɱ
֪ϣǾŹŵ𾳸֣һϵɼҷ׭ųɹƵģһĳ
䣬Ⱥ鼤ܣɱ
ޱ޼ʵؾռ䣬ʱҵҡ˻ҡػΡ
˵Ϊλѷ죬ԭߵݻ٣
дûϵϵףȻǾŹŵ𾳸֣
Źŵ̫̫ˣȻйᰵħ壬ļ԰Ҫ飬޷컯ɾҪŹŵΪƽأ
ӽڵ棬ֻаħһˣһΪ߶ˣΪײеߣڶǻ񣡡
ŹŵһȻӵ𾳽ĸ֣ݹ壬ûһܹ
ڸˣһҧŭػеķ



1385 â
ת֮ϣһöö岼
һöɢӨӨڲһܵĻ󣬲ɵʧʲôϵףȻǾŹŵ𾳸֣
һʱĳȣš
Ȼ֪ɽ˾ŹŵϽǣδҽŹŵ밵ħϵ
ǰ
Ӣݲǰһŵһܹ˹֣컯ɾųСɾӯĵرΪλὫצ쵽
ȫͷ
컯ɾƧ飬ӡ
һôᴹһе㿷ͷ
ⲻ
ûжϴ󣬾Źŵ֮ԹսΪҪĿģҪңӶûȡǸеĵ
֪컯ɾȻųСɾϾǳ崫оԶʷҲδ绪۸֣ǵԼֹϵķˣ
һɵط
ţŹŵԭڴĵ
ŹŵǺƣ罻սӶװ̵̫թƻˣ
ǰħ壬޷컯ɾѩޣԣŹŵⳡսУȫڲ֮أ
˾ԾŹŵ޵ȴ޼ƿʩ
Ҵ˷ǰɽһӣǣⲻɽƿھŹŵУŹŵ罻սʼٸߣ񰵺ħ棬δվȽŸĶ֣ԣŹŵԲԸ׾ٵӣ
һΪˣڲϧұͻ֡вҲûռʲôˣֻնɱһԱ̫ϳϲ
˻Ȼǽȥ˽
ϢҪ촫ɽΪĹС
ȳɹնħ̤֮ƽɽ
ϻɱ
ȫͷǡ
̫
ʱһ΢΢һЦתͷɫϣԴӵһͼĬĺ̫û뵽˿ش˴նħսۣҪȡڤʵڤʯˡ
һһڣú̫ɫ৵һ±òҰֽ
ǵһܴҪ뺫̫ڤʯô̫ɹļʣҪϺܶࡣϾ۾ʵ̫ҪӵŲĵһѷһġ
һܣΪѵҪڤʯ
̫Ƥһѯʣһɺϯ£սһ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀȫˢˢؿһ뺫̫һҽһԲϾʹ֣ʱ򣬸ǰնħľɲǼͻֱ

ԪƾãȻᴹڤʯڤʯ
ֻڤʯ¹شΨг״ݻ٣ֹܹڤٴԣϣڶȡڤʯ֮УڲʱһΪ㻤
һЦ
Ϊ֮һ
һܾȻҪ̫
ֱš
֮ǰ𾳽Ĵòɿ񣬵һܾȻҪ̫
һɶͷԵĸо
Ǻǣһ˵̫ʵϣȴڼӺ̫ڤʯˣӢͨһ˼Ͳ³еԵɡ
һԿһޣ
һܣ£λ磬ϣ㲻ҪʳԡڤʯҺ̫ҪˡҶȡڤʯ֮ǷһоϡģһһĽġ
̫
á
һһӣߴٵλӢۺܣٹΣҪħһ򾡣
ϻˡסӢ۵ˣȫӦһΣ¶ת֮ϣ˾λ
̫Ҵ˽ת̰գ
һЦЦؿֶĺ̫
Ǻǣת̿ǧֺγȱһֻǲ֪׼һУҪʲôְ𣿡
̫ĮһЦһζı顣
һܾȻҪת̣
к̫»
Ҫ֪κһתڲ̾ͻΪ̫еһöӣжսҲ䵱ڻҡ
ǵһӵв𾳽ĿֲΪΪ̫еһöӣҲȻûʲôùӳԡ
ǣ˾ϡ
һЦһӣʹʡȱˣһΣ˾ת֮ϣһöɢӨӨԱߡ



1386 
˲ĿУһܴʡȱˣ˽𽣶ڵԱߡ
壬Ǽϼһڲ㲢սգ
һܵȻһЦȤ
𽣶ǧˣڣȫȻһԼĶ䡣
һܾȻ𽣶ڵڲײս
Ƕô޴٣
һʱ䣬䣬ȫһпۺ첻ѡ
ȻһЩĹҵҲеϣһܽãϧһԹ°ϲһЩķ֮ͽԼصˣǳġ
ӵŻĹʮеһŽ壬ָԵǡǡǵһܷǳص
뵱꣬һΪףϧĹźҿսûĹźҼɹ溫̫棬һͿء
ɴ˿ɼڵһĿеĵλжô硣
񣬵һҪײսҲ֮֮е顣
ಣಣ
ʱ˵ӰԴڲӶһܵǰ񣬡ݼǰ
ǰܹ뵽ǽ𽣶Ӫ֮Уǽ𽣶ңǸм
һϲ
һܳ͵˵ͷӦˣţĿؿףʶºɨҪһۿһЩڡ
챦ڲ
壬ΪĪ𾳽ĸ֣Ĩɱң
ٿأһ̼ԺȻһ
ǰٻ롣׵һЦ
ٻñǽɫ󣬴Ӷƿ׵ı磬һ彻ãΪһĺܣɽ
׵ǶȻ޷Ѱٻġ
гһգײ龳磬ô԰ٻҲˡ
Ȼˣв𾳽ĸԮô֮䣬Ϳ԰Ĩɱ챦ڲİٻ롣
ǰ赣ǣҲûҪӺ˼
һٻ
˵ٻȻƿ׵ı磬в׵ûնָֻţҲûʲôֵ̫Ҫڣʱظ״һЩԵˣĵر
ԣײеҪѰٻƿأӳ졣
ڰٻ𼱻ǵУһջʶһ͵ص˵ͷ壬Ȼûʧ̶̵ʮʱ䣬һ̤Ԫ쾳磬ңõûп㣡
һܵ񣬾ͺǳʶ޾
ǰĸ
׵һЦ
壬ҪҵİֻҪ㿪ڣҵܹģһܾ
ٿأһʶ׵ԺڲȻǵһܵ
ײɵΪ֮һ
û뵽һܾȻ˱ڲİٻ룡
ҪȻҲ˵Ļ
΢΢һЩᣬ³һɿȭͷ
ǰʱ鷳ˣлǰ⡣
׵
һؿһףǸǻǻ㲻컯ԵҲͲٺӸˡ
׵ͷһЦ
һԵͣһֱЦʼն۹һ۵һܡ
ܹõһܵʶ񰮣ǷǳģͬʱҲΪ׸е
ˣ壬һҪ㡣
һĳص
ţ
üͷһЩһʲôҪ
⼸ѯħټɣһսޡ
һܵ
ʲô
ǰСޣ
־ϲ˫Ź⣬Ȳؿһܣʵǰôˣ˵̤Ԫ磬һôҶѾԪ쾳ˣΪλûаѶ
ڽһսϵޣ׻ǷǳصģΪһص壬ܹϵޣ˭룬ֱҲûϢȴһܸˡ
Ŷô˵𣿡
һüͷһһЦٶ̫ˣս޶жϴʱ䡣
һЩεͷ
תһ룬ҡͷ뷨
ϵΪһս裬ͨ׽Ԫ֮ϵۿ϶Ӧ˵ϵӦǡ
սޣҲͲ͸¶ˣֻܸ㣬ڵõһĻܹﵽʲôĳɾͣҪǸԵ컯ˡ
һһЦ



1387 Ѫ
ţ
СõһݻԵ
һ
ȻǳҪ˽СľǼȻһܲ˵ҲûбҪٽٸʵס
ԸСޣܹ׻õԵպط꣬ǿǿ֣
װƽһɳ顣
ߣ󡣡
һܴһӣһȵһΣڲ
ʡȱˣ
һЦͱ׵ļײ粽ڲ
ʦܣԭһĴǣº̫˽𣬽ǽ𽣶ľӵڻҡںˣеһ򣬾ټѵվڵһܵıӻ֮£ҲԲ̫鷳
͵
ΪȻصͷǡ
̣
߿У̫һӣֱӽһյ̸뻳У̻ΪһƱ⣬ݵڲţ̫̤һΣƾճؾ֮⡣
ĹżҶϷһ㳡֮ϣһ׼
̫̤νζɲǼͲתʧ١

Ǽʴ̨ͨļδͣȨĺ̫˳ִ˳ڵ
ã޼ʵǿ֮УһŹ޼ʵǳƯǰȥǳȫһŨǧħˣһɭɲĸо
ˢ
̫̤ʩչһֹصӼ䣬һӰƾն֣سɴһԾͺ缸ʮ˳ڲ
ͬʱ̫һһ̸˳Ȼ̲Ž̫žת̡
Ũҵǧħ
ħսթȻѡƫƧһǽ¼Ҳ˻ᷢ֡
ô˵һζҪħһ򾡣ðħ֪ɲ׸ţȮ
УڸˣһɱȲҪնħ
ˢˢ
̫Ųͣ䣬ȻŨ̽뵽ǵڲ
ǡշӡ󣿡
̫Ųһ٣һ˫ƵϻۣΪȵضųǱ渲ǵһ֡
ڲһզпԭǰշӡѹټһųǣᱻħ׾ٵطһֻ񶼳
ⰵշӡ˰ħһ߶Ψ龳ϵĴ֣лƴ󣬲ڲˣҲҪܵǳ͵Ĵɡ
˵
ΪȻص˵ͷ
ǰ
һʱֳⰵշӡȻǳֲ龳ֲڡǣڰħȴû˿谭ҵУǡһöӰħнػİ׹ܹϢضڲһ䲻ܹյǳõЧ
ȱʵˣɵһ˼ضס
׹һսħа۽յıǰħ岻ɶõıû뵽Ȼ䵽˽У
ȱ෢һǡ
ʵǸԵۣʵһЦ
塣
һ΢΢һЦԳ֮ǰܹ֮Ϣضⳤڲһǵİ׹ҲΪħͳ˧ȫȫעظڤʽл꣬Ͼ˼
ڣڤȻɹͳ˧Ҳ˾ְҪϢض볤ǣ䲻ֻ˵ǳˡ
ţħѾǵĵڼ׼ӭս
һһƶ
ʲôΪ֮һ
ǷԱʼԴҲضãڻй֮޲ӴһǳȻȫħƿ֮£
׶龳벻𾳸ֵͨԽ̾
ꪣ
׵۷׷׵ʱ̣̫һӣ˺۴һһһ޾Աⴹ˻ǳ𵴡
󣬽ȳһ壡
̫죬ٿźꪣ̧־һ
顭
ֻһ춯صıĺꪣЯ޾ʥ͵غҶ¡ѣǬ飬һֲĳ͵سײڰշӡ֮ϡ
¡¡
һʱ䣬ųǶаշӡػ³̾Ҫһ롣ˣշӡ֮ϣҲ˲䱬飬˺ѳһԲĿϹɲѪڡ
ÿֲƣΪꪣ
̫ò𾳽ĸ֣ȫ߶ꪣ׾پܹưշӡ󣬶ң׾ٵػ˴ķɣ
ȥ˳̫ǹƥͿԽշӡ״ݻ٣
ϵһööڲڸˣȫϲ⣬衣



1388 Ѫ
䡭
̫һ֣ͣ٣еĺꪷ裬ûһӰʱһ̺ſֲ磬ϵسŰշӡҶȥ
¡
顭
̼䣬ǧٿǳ뱬飬˷ıըͬӴġ
շӡ󣬷·˽ϵں䣬һһ﷽ԲĿ͵˺ѿһضɽҡ춯ɳӿ˻
ͬʱ̫еһףƾջûһյĴ̡
λ󣡡
̫һ¡
ɱ
ǵģ
һշӡѣֵһᣡ
ɲǼ䣬ڶʮöڲĽˣ׷îԪһͷų˿ֲĹ˳
䣡䣡䣡䣡
¡¡
ָ֮䣬һ̺޾ĺ͵غڰշӡ֮ϡͬʱһ񳱣ŹޱߵĳӿȥƺҪɲǼ佫ųǸһû
޼ʵİշӡһʱǧٿףϵسһһԲĿЩ飬Щ﷽ԲĿһżϵһֵһᡣ
Ͼ
ʵ̫ޱˣ
Ӱ
ĻԮˣӡ
̫ˣû뵽ǳһ廹ӳĻᡭ
ڳǸĳˣһշӡ֮ϳĿʱѪڣҲƵس𣬳һ˶ȥ
ųҴĳˣʱ˿ȫˣ
һЩħū۵ĳˣзŹ⣬һ˿ϣ
ÿһˣҹİܹɨħ壬һ򾡣
󵨣
ηʥȻҰħפҰ
ʱ䣬һ춯ص쳹˵Ժͬʱ޾ǧħӿ糱Գų֮ĺ̫һӿ
ˣ
ħҪӭս𣿡
̫΢΢˫еĺһ٣ͦգ׼ӭս
ܿ죬һȫףؿڴĻľһͷ꣬ħ壬ɱЩħ壬ȫװкڼۼŰħԼŰħĺڻ
ǿ쿴ͷͳ˧Ȼڤ޵峤׿ꡯ
̫žתڲһ۾Ϳͷͳ˧ģ
֮ǰڳڲ׿µӡʵ̫ˣһۿ׿꣬;
ţ
ڤ޵峤ôǺǣǸСˡ
ȱһЦ
˺溫ַ̫ǰħ壬ʶģ͸Ͻ͵ԲãһһĹźУЩħ
̫ӣ̺һɰԾصĿֲƣڳħһ
ʲô
Ǻ溫̫
ͷͳ˧׿겻ɵȻһ΢΢һѪɫӣؿһۺ̫ٿһЦһΪǺηʥԭֻһHС
ϼһûжϴȻҪ;ƿݣԪˡ
ְڻ֮еϹŶɱɱѵû𣿡
׿ɳ֮Ȼ̫ܵ˵ƣȫ˵䣬׶ֱ̺̫ߡ
С
ֱ̫£÷ϻһӣеĺꪾЯױȵĿֲɱԳħ忳ɱȥ
󣡡
׿ʧɫһͬʱһͳһıѪϡ˵ʱʱ죬գ֮䣬ͻϰٵĵâӭ򺣻ꪡ
䡭
ֲײ춯أƻײһΪ֮ƺһ֮ҪӦѡ
ۡ
׿ͷһѪ˺ƶߵķһֱӱŷĿֲһ˳ȥһصسײĴ֮ϣǣһĹϯ
ܡϹŶȻǲ𾳽ĸ֣
׿˫ͫУѪ˿ܲһ˼ضź̫Ӱ
Ȼڴ֮ǰ͸̫ܵԾصĿֲƣûϵ̫ȻǴ˵еĲ𾳸֣
׿ʧɫ
𾳸֡
ݹ壬Ҳָ׿ǰϼһȻ֮һ
ζʲô
ζź̫б
ħפѾǰ¶ˡ
׿ҧͦ¶һĨЦݣѾ޹ؽҪˣΪڤ޵治ڤʣѾɹˣգ鼯ڴˣҲԺħһë
׿Դϣ̺޾š



1389 ֺ
ǲ֪ߵغļһ弯Ҫǰħһ򾡡㰵ħҲҴʴʣ
̫һЦ׿ĻоǳûЦ
ɱ
⺫̫Ҳʶʶħ
վ⺫̫
ɹħ壬ɵָ£ʼͷųһһĿֲƣ糱Ԩƺʱ콵ʯʱ·ѡ
춯صĹƣÿĺ̫䣬ͺϵһҶۣʱҪһغ
԰Ĺ˳̫ɽеĵһӣʱԱ⣬ɲǼ䣬ͽ޾Ĺ˳ֵ̲Ѵ֮ȫȻһ赭д̬
ʲô
⺫̫սҲֲ̫˰գȻܹһֵ֮ǧ
ħӡ
̫žת̣
ħ循ͬʱ̫һյľת̣ʱѹ£һֺѹǳݵϢС
ɱ
̫һ¡
ǣǣ
ʱϵһӣ׷ױֲ񳱣ħкȥ
¡¡
ֻһֹ˳ͳ׽ħûУһʱ䣬Ѫɣ׹Ƿ飬һſɲͷ­쮷ɶļ¡
໣ʲô
ѵǴ˵̫ľת̣
⺫̫Ȼӵ̫žת̣ת̣ħǰֱһȺ׸⡭
ˣ⹥˳ڲŰǸǶ֣
ħ壬ڵһְ繥֮£˼ǧȻħ弯˴ÿһħҲ֧˻֣߶еķȫֵھԵĹ˳֮£һ
׵ڻҲһغ񱩵˳֮£ȫ飬һĲƬδ
Ҫ֪ڻսܹʥֵĴڣ
ھת̵ĵһֹ֮£ɥò˵תʵ̫ڿˣ
ڲ
ⰵħδҲ̫һˣһֹƣնɱ˺üǧħ壬Ǵģ
ǰħ岻һʵϣ˷İħ壬ȫǾеľֻоת̼ӳ֣˫ʵ̫󣬳Ҳ֮е顣
һնħȫԲһһ壬ͿԸ࿭ˣ
Ĵһ죬Ц
Ĺŷڵڲ
һǧ櫣ҲڲڿնɱħĳʱɵֿЦΪӡ
櫣ģܿ쳤ǾͻˡǳһֿԻصǰӡ
ο
ص˵ͷٿһеķɽ׼һֹ֮УԼһ
ħ壬Զļ棡ǵ壬ܹ̾ɥȪڣгһռǧɱ棬Щ˵ӬϾɱ
ʱǧǧ磬ҲûħĴڣ
ħµĶվҪӦħϣ
̫ѪȻзһ̺޾ϵƽԣҪħ֪Ѷˣ
ֺ
ƾʲôͿԻŨԴḻ֮УǰħֻԶڰյ棬ƶԴӲд
ħ岻Ź񣬲ֻŷԼȭͷֻҪǵȭͷӲһ죬Ӯǵҫ
׿ȣеıѪ裬ÿһλ裬һѪɫâЩâеĺȻըûһƬѪɫ󺣣еĻûһѪɫѪɫѪɫˡÿһͷޣȫԡѪɱƺǱѹҪؼħ
С
̫мһЦҡҡͷеĺٶȷ
ɱ
һ۵ѹϯ£һƬƾջûɣ֮ϣһգɢ޾ʥ⣬ǧѪɫħͷڶħѪ
֮ϣһ֮ϣоըףħߵɢ
顭
֮䣬ǵصѪɫΪڶѪɫħ;Ա飬һ
׿꣬ҲҺһصصɳȥеıѪ֮ϣǳһһĹѡ
׿꣬ǲ֪Ȼ뺫̫֣ǾΪеķԶԶһȼģ
ڲһУһֶܸȻһЦϷŸոտʼʵĻں棡



1390 Ӧ
Ӱʵֲ̫ˣв𾳽ĸҲͰˣȻоתֹ
ǰħòƫƧйռһźʵû뵽ôͱ˸ˡ
бǰħδڳվȽŸԵֵ
׿ٴܣԭʿħĻңһɢĶӣ
ӣûôף
̫һЦһ£󣡡
ǣǡ
յľת֮ϣһööӶתƣһ͵â󣬶ʮ߿ӣлȫ幥
ɱ
ħ壬ǵĩյˡ
ӣ棬ѵЩħ֣ΪǼҵĺ԰߾ߵĵط𣿡
ϣÿһöڲľˣȫƴ׼һ
顭
ɲǼ䣬һ춯صĹ˳ٶϯ£ŲֻӴܵİħϯȥǵصĹ˳֮£˷ֻӴܵħ壬ͺеһֻֻϣͱûһغ
ھһ֮ħȻѾ׼˷Կȫͷܡ
֮䣬ǧħ壬˳ش˳ӴܿسŰշӡڲӶȥ
Ϊշӡֻãħ˺ԣǧħһڲ̶һɡʮ
ɱ
ǳһ屨ѩ޵Ļˣ
Ϊ԰ȥ˱𣬽ħƴˣ
ٿأһ쳹ĺɱֱעĿ
ţ
ڲȻһ֧
̫üͷһһȵؿڲ
ͬʱת֮ϵһööڲҲʶһɨעͻıʡ
ȥؿǧýӰеķһԡѪɱⲫļƣ棬ʹðħĲбʣ½ڽڰˣӴܡΨмڻƴصֵͼս󣬿ϧǰǺл£ħеľȻĻɢҲս⡣
ԣʵѷԼĳˣҲףмܡ
ǳһ
ͷˣȻǳһİ˳ųϣ
𽣶ǧڵڲʩչѰۣһȥʱԶսһ
־ϲǣڲǧȷӿһǧˣͷλߣйһ֮ԵȻǳһİ˳ųϣ
λϣԭֻʥ۷徳磬ֻһܹٳ߸ͷһ˳̤龳磡
Ϊһֱ֮һȪϣܹ̤龳磬ųѾ˳龳磬˳ƺһЩ򣬿ܺͻƿиĽˡ
һ
Ȼ˵˳ϲû˳龳磬ǣܹųϸһ¥Ѿʮˡ
ϲǣԭؾеİ˳ųϣȻڶ̶̵ʱڣһŻİһӦϣݺݵɱһħ
ͬʱĹŷڵڲڿ˳ųϵһɲǣʱ˷ܵؾֱģҪڲӶ볤һսУ
ҿӢ۷ӦѸݣһס櫣ûõֻա
ħĲбܽȻǧڣЩħ壬װǾΪҪȳһҪһΣǣЩħѱɱÿ޵սȫޡڲֻӴܵĹУȻɱһħǻɢĶӭս
ȥħĲбܽһͺɥ֮Ȯһ˷ӴܣǸֻʧģֻ޵ȡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ĺ򣬳һƾһǻѪľɱħ嶪ףĶӡ
һİ˳ųϣǧûʲô̫ˣԴӴϵһϯ˺̫ǰ
һ˳ϰݼ棡
һųϰݼ棡
лǰԮһ壬ǧл
˳ųǰ
ৡ
ʱת֮ϣһӰӶ˳һǰ
λϣܹٴμǣ̫ˣ
־ϲسǰһȺӱͷʹޣ˵һᾡϵħϾɱģգһܹ׽ţ³Ϊǳһļ԰
櫺۾˵



1391 ڤʵ
ĳˣ̫նӸµǷģһĹźڣỹǳһһ
Һ̫Ϊ䣬ɰħֳǶӲ
£
̫֮Уһļƣȳһйͣȫ˻ĹźҵͷϣԼͷϡ
ھתеΪҲû˵ڹ뺫̫Ƿǰˡ
Ԯһм
ųϹ
ҵΪһĹһҾ
Ϲ
̫֣ǧڳˣæ˱һԣӰ쵽˺̫һܲꪸˣӶһغ
λˣʲôͶʹգǾ콫շӡ׻
ʱ̫תͷžתһ
ڲ䣬ȫһ񣬽˫Ź⣬˵ͷ
ǺǣһĹŷһο׼ɱ䣬ͷԣҽҵĵˣ
Ĺŷҵ峤ףһһٻ˳ʱһ˸εѵĿֲϯ򱦹
ţ
Ǹһ˵ô
Ӣ۽üһʱЦһĹżȻҲ󣡡˵ţһУһȻҲǵĴڡ
¡¡
һֲѣǬת
¯
ڽɽϻˣͬʾһӣһðϻ¯ƾڰУɽһڵӣʱ죬ƺһɽڲ
̫ˣȻһֳ
һеĵкֻܶ࣬ǻûȫٻˣ
ħһҪˣҪһļ԰ƾ⼸ں֮䣬ǸΪƽˣ
һ̾Ϊֹ
ɱ
һڵƣֳֺꪵĺ̫΢΢ͷٿأĿһת˽𽣶ڵڲüͷ
ڲ𽣶˶ٸһ̩ɽѹѹϯ£Щ
ߣϹƺҪҳ֣ϧڻֵʱ򣡡
һֶܸȻһЦ
͵һƵĵһܣ˼
ڣں̫һ£ת͵رһԱ⣬ϯ졣һööٶȱλãӵŵֵöӣƵĹλãӣǸ
ɱ
¯
ħ壬գ
ں̫һ£ڵıͬʱ͵غһŰշӡɱȥ
շӡȻҲħĵ߶ģʱ˲ıĺɱԵֵɲǼҪɻġ
ס֡
˭룬ʱһʯ쳹ǧĿֲħ˿
ʱһֹ̾һ㣬޾ǧħӿһϢϢ
ȥֻİħһͭŹףɿس
ͭŹ׵ĺ󷽣ɫ׵ͳ˧ÿһͳ˧龳ϵĸ֣
쿴Ǿף찵ħͭŹУ˯Ŵ˵еĲڤʣ
˵гɹĲڤڴһžսܿҪˣ
֪ڤʳɹ֮侳ΪһʲôĲΣ벻𾳽ĺ̫Σ
˵עͭŹ׳ֵһɲǣȫ˹ȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʱʱ죬ͬһʱ䣬ıͷŶĿֲһһԳŰշӡҶȥ
ۿŰշӡҪһݻ٣ǧһ֮ʣһĽĦֱţͭŹ׵ĹײİŲһֻ˳
һֻôְֲ
һΣЯͨ쳹صħǧħ˸εѣɢȥʩչѰۣУָ֣оͺڿˮ¾л

ֻһı죬ֱ˵޴ص֣͵ʱһضϯӭĴŷ񳱡
¡¡
һ̣Ŀ֮УĴŷ񳱣Ȼֵӭ֮£˲ҷ𣬻Ϊޡ
һĻתڲˣȫľһʱԷӦ



1392 к
ıŷһȻͭŹһָֻ׵סˣ
Ȼ˵ıУֻһɲ𾳽ĸֺ̫߶ģˣҲܹ߶֮һ龳µʿɵģ߶ĵܣǲİ֮һ
ǡ
ˣҲ׾ٵغɱһ龳֣ǲ𾳸֣УҲ֮ݣҲҪܵش
˭룬ıĿֲ˳ȻڤƮƮһֵ
δҲ̫ˣ
ţ𣿲ڤʾȻ׾ٵصסĴһ
ˣˣӲڤԶԶеҪǿö࣡ΪԲڲ֮£ڣпܲ˰벽۾磡
û뵽ڤδ˹ǺӵܣӣĴҪΣˣ
ˣȫľӿһɲԤ

ʵͽЦõȺϺзУǱﰡ
أһŵħƾ쳹ÿһ˵Ժҽͣ͡
ǲڤʵ
׶ͷĺ৶䡣
еĻҪϾĶ࣡̾һ
Уֳֺ̫ꪣʱ˿̣ҲЩؽͭŹڲһֻ֣üͷ壬ڤʣһս㲻ɥȻȡѵٶֱǲ֪ڸģѰ·
̫У̺һɺȻһͽڤʴӰһɨա
ò˵ں̫ĸ֣ڶսʱ򣬺ܶʱڱƴơ
Ǻ溫̫
ͭŹĴһŵħңһСҲԳ棬Ц˴СӣţҲڤݺǧʱ㻹ûأֲһСָֻš
찵ħֳǣҪսֻǵҪɾѪ
û뵽ô̵ʱڣǰħͱ¶ټ˰
ƾЩӥȮצΪУϿȥǸ滽Ѱգ
ڤЦЦˣᡣ
ⲻڤʺôĿȻӺ溫̫˵̫ı֣ڤȷҪ࡭
ⲻڤʿεϹŶˣսͲμӹöΣսĿɶǸۣڻŵУûмܹ벻ڤƽƽ
ڤʵĻʲô˼ѵ˵廹಻ϹŶܹһս
ⲻڤʵ̫ˣô˵аʹڤӵͨ쳹صͨҲһ֮
һ󾪺п
ڤʣٳϹ򣬴֪¡ѹ󣬸̫žתΪǰħȻܵòӡ
ƾһ֮ҵҪܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
̫һеĵɢɱ
ȣ
λȫս
Ӣ۱һ
ϣ
ϣ
ʱ춯صĵϯ죬ҡػΣɽ顣
Ȼŵƽ̼˵ӣĵ֮࣬ǰ޹˺ߣ
һսؽдʷΪŨīزʵһʣ
ߣȻڤʲ˰벽ۼ֣Ҳ޾ɫ
ֶжʱֶһ˿

ħ󣡡
ܵתڲϯ޾ͭŹڲһ춯صЦûмˢӣǰиʽգǿħĴգ
䣬ػͭŹ׺󷽵ͳ˧ʱһһӣԵıٻ˳
ʱһԳһı磬ƾ˵֮УȥȻԿÿһڲħ˵Ҳʮ֮ࡣ
еħȻʮ֮ࡣ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͳ˧һ£ڱеħ壬׷ֺϯɱ죬ƴ
ţħȻк֣
ͳ˧ıڲȻʮľħ壿
ˣİ˲ûʲôƿˡΨһ̵ܹģֻоתˣ
ˣȫһԼ˫



1393 ڤһ̾ħ
ûϵħȻкֻ֣һַǳٵı׾ٵعռ˳ǡ
֮ǰΪ˵ħڳϵĵϸϧ뻢ѨЩɥ˭룬鵽Ľֻǰħıɽһǰˡ
ͻȻֵʮħȫɫϾð
λսһһĶս
ϣÿһ飬ƴȫս󣬾Բħ
쳹ÿһ˵Ժ
ħʱ㾡ȫͿ׾ٵغɨħ
ڣʮħ徫񣬽ͲòȫԸˡ
˵ӵŽ̫Ŵľת̣ħҪռ˲ٵƵġ
Ψһƣڱˮһսħ壬Žᣬ־ɳǡ
һЩ壬ԲԸһս̫ľˣԼ»
һʼˮȫӭսħ壬ôȻռʱƣһͿصĿԸһЩ
ԣڿħʮƾճֵһɲǼ䣬һֱΪ͵ʣʱƷһӣԼıҲٻ𽣶˼粢磬ս
ͬʱɢʶѸҪŽһ£飡
ɱ飬Լļ԰ˣŸʲô
ħ壬ղ
һսǸŵһЦ̸ħѪ
̫žתڲɱ죬ڶʿѪ߸ĸȾ£ϺҲܹƽһɱοǰնħʿǸŵľˣǵѪľ
ʶһɨûзһʿųص˵ͷ
ò˵ȻѾ̫̫ãûۼĴӢۣǣʱȴǰٻţӢ۱ѷʢ
Ļѱǿ׳԰ħ壬ȫȲҪɱ䡣
˵ҲڤҲǾ˲ٴεսˣȻÿһζǰħܱǣÿһεսУǰħ嶼ԷǳСĴۣȡ˷ǳ˶ս
ȻԴḻӵ飬ǣǱЩħһɢɳŽᡣԣ·꣬ħ嶼ܹ崦ƵŤתս֡
ǽ죬ʵҹĿ࿴û뵽˵־ɳǣŽһ£
ϧ׻˵ҧ˵ĹУֹҽеļһһȺֽϻˣ
žתϯɱ֮ڤЦһΪм̬
ٷϻ
ڤʣϽһսĻͱҺ̫سͬͭŹһݻ٣֮أ
̫еĺ͵һһɳɱϯ졣
Ǻǣƾһ棬ҲͼδҲ̫ˣ
ڤһЦ
أͭŹ׵Ĺײİ巢һǵĦ̶˸оᡣ
˷׷񣬿ͭŹ׵ķ
Ŀ֮£һֻɭ׵֣ᶨͭŹףţ糱ǧħƽӻ뺣һӿ˲ڤʵ֣һɭѹֵĸоͷ
һҪʲô
ֳֺ̫ꪣһʱ侹ǲ֡
˵ʵȻ̫˷ǰĿǶȡڤʵڤʯԼԪ
ǣڿڤ׾ٵصסĴһ֮󣬺̫зǰһ֮벻ڤһ
ģ̫Ҫƣ
أء
ɭ׵֣ں޾ħ֮ɢһ˿˿īɫͬʱһߵÿһļ֮ͷƤз
ˣ׷۹۱Ǳǹģ̨Ȼ
˭룬֮䣬ǧħӰƾճ˵ǰ
ЩħӰһͷɢȫԡѪеһۣеɫеͷеȫáȥڤظ֮Уʮ˲е
ʲôΪʲôһֳ˼ǧħ壿
ˣѵڤһδżǧħ壿
ԼǧħǸûл֮
ЩħÿֲƺǴʬɽѪɷҿҪˣ
ͻǧħ飬Ľˣȫɢֽŷ
ԭֱİɱһ˲ɢʿԡ



1394 ŸС
յ̫žת֮ϣһööɢɱԵӣǧħ֮󣬺ܿͷҡΣֹһͷͷ˵ӵҰޡ
¡ߵA
ͬһʱ䣬ʮħͬʱħΣ֮˵˼άȫ鲻Խظħħƿءʱúޣʱߡ
ڣһЩʿƲסԼͷʹȫԪң߻ħЩŵˣʼɱ
أĩյˣ彫ħ£Ϊū
ӹ񣬶޳ܵذռԴħų⣬ڣӦˣ鶼ˣӦܷ
ϣܹתͶ̥ΪħţȮΪħ御һౡ֮
ྫʿк˵Ϊֹȫħˡ
һЩŵˣԱ׹ħǧħѹ֮£һԱɱ
ȥת֮ϣмö֮УɢһīħЩеˣȻʧȥǣʼٿս壬ʼع
̫Ŵľת֮ϣһʱһƬҡ
ãҵľת̣Ҫʧȥˣ̫һش߶ת̴󣬿ʼЩħٿصս塣
ƾź̫һ֮Ҫȫֹ໥ɱȻһ׵顣
ãǲڤʵľڤһ̾ħ
ͬʱתڲ𽣶ʵڵУʸҧ
ס͵ˣȫһؿʡ
ΪеһڣԽ𽣶ʵˣԱȽȶЩ겻ԶԶûеĵز
ڤһ̾ħһַǳаԲٿ˵˵Ǳʶ֮УӪֻ󣬴Ӷʧȥǣɱ߻ħڣΪħĿܣ
ʳ
˻
䣬ס͵ˣȫһеڤʵĿɲ
ⲻڤʣһ֣ƵصסĴһһ֣׵ؽŪüɹɱ߻ħһһ䣬Ԫˣʿԡ
ǰʲô취𣿡
л̼׷ʵ
ҡҡͷЦ˵⡮ڤһ̾ħȻֻһǣΪڤħڤ޵棬ڤ޵ħΪаһħ֮һڤ޵רռǳа龳ʩչǼõ֮ǿѹҲֵϧʩչǾֻصĲڤʣⲻڤа죬ǷķɮĻûܹƳ
ȫ𶯡
𽣶ʵˣȫԼĶ䡣
ⲻڤʵȻûܹƳ
Ҫ֪ڴĸ£Ŵң˵նħˣܷάԭеͶһ⡣
ǲܾƳôսֳһߵ̬ơ
һ취
ʱһֱüͷĬĵһܿˣ˵ע˹ȥֻҪܹһٺͭŹףͿֹڤʵ
סͲɵӿЦ
ڤʺɱȷǿֹ
ǣⲻڤʵʵףɱɱģ
ʣߣٻŵ䣬ȫΧ˲ڤʣ
һܴһӣҪһΣսзӶ
ţ
ʶȻ
һһ٣һؿʡ
شʦˡ
ĵ
ʱսڲʿʶȫϯע
ຣޱ߻ͷǰسɷ𡭡
ຣޱ߻ͷǰسɷ𡭡
һŴһϽĵϺУŸСУ˫ţȥ˾ȵǣǷػǷľŸСУȫ¾ûɢһķ
էһһ˾ͺ׷ؽֻԵУŷţ죬ڷ
ǣ
һ
غþ磬ԲӦ䡣ʾֹ̾
ܿ죬ĿһĻˡ
شžŸСУ˫ھת֮еǧħӦɢǬ֮䣬ԭǳ΢ķ쳹ǧ磬ǹʮħħ
ŸСУϣȻѹʮħ壿
һʲô
û˸ġ



1395 
ֳֺꪵĺ̫ĿǰһĻɵóһνаѹÿһսŶܹ´󹦣ֱĸ
Žҵľת̣ڳϺŸСеľ֮£ָ̫ܿжʱӿ޾ĸп̾
Ŷ
û뵽з˸ɮˣ
̶ֳȵķ裬ħͷǰֵһᣡ
ͭŹڲһħϯ졣
ţɭ׵״趯̼䣬еħȫ糱سŷŸСϯ
ãڤ׼ˣ
Ҫ߻ħˣǾûа취ֹڤʩչˣ
ڤаؿ²ְ
ڲڸŵˣѹڷؾǷǳмʱ˿̣վǣȫȹϵϣֱת
ϧԲڤʵ˷ַɮˣˣȫ޲ߣﲻʲôæ
Ĳҧ
ʮħħһ˺޷ķء
ͬʱǧħ飬һ¶׶ģצ򷨲ŸСС
Ҳ˭
ԲڤʵԹƣظ̾ϢһԵھת֮ϡ
Ŀ֮£һͳһԼĪƴСı
öһ֣ͺյգɢĿĿֲ
ŸСУΧڲڤʵ⣬һ˫ֺʮдʣԷ˶ǧ飬ȫ޶á
쿴ؼ˷
ĪǾǴ˵еľһöӣ
ʲô˵еľ棿ǿۼĴڰ
һ۾ĸɮıӣڲ̺޾ķöıӣ˵黹ת
ѹַشžŸСУ͸ҳ벻ڤԣԭžıӣ
֮ϣʿȫ־ϲ̾ѡ
ʲôıӣ
ڤڲɢĿֲһ˲䣬ɫ󾪣Ǹһһսдħ۸֣ӽ۸֮һ
۸Χ£һغ졣Ϊˣħа۽ҲɥȪһöӡ
а۽յıӣ⾻ıӣҪԶˣ
û뵽öӾȻ
ڤҽ
Ҳ˭
޾ħ˲佫ŸСиûˣظһ㴹ͷһڽıӸ˿С
ͻıʣڳ飬ȫĿ࣬飬İħ壬ȫһ˼ؿ򷨲ء
ǿ쿴ؾȻıӸ˸У
ⷨȻ龳ĸ֣ǣ̾ıӣѰ·Ϊпܻᵼ±
ڸʲôĪ׼һ𣿡
Ըܹ׻ĻʧȥһԱ󽫣
һզп˫ֺʮ
؅ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬̲ǧ֮һɲǣؾһڽıӸ˸Сһ̣޾ķϯ죬ûǳᴩǧ硣
Ͻĵķأͺسɷ𣬳Ϊ˷һȫɢ޾ķ⣬ׯϡ
ӿ򷨲صǧħħ飬ׯͳķϴ£̼ɢΪޡ
ţĿһĻˡ
ڷصͷϿգһӴķƾ۶ɣڲǧķҵӣ֮ϣŷ飬ķôľ㡣
Ǿ
ţؾȻٻˣӺˣǧаҲڻˡ
̫ˣ˵еȻеسˡǷ񼣣
ǲڤҲҪ˱֣ҵҪڤҪӦԣ
ϵȫһ󾪺̾ƶЦ
ʲô
Ǿ
ܣΪλܹ
ͭŹڲڤǿ˷ǳֲһʷǰ¶һ˿֮顣
ʣĵòڤʲˣ



1396 
գĲΪ𣡡
֮Уͷ޾źУɣԳǧħѹȥ
顭
Ŀ֮£ǧħ飬һӦ飬ȫһ
ǿ쿴Щħ飬ȫΪޣ
Щħ飬ڤ޵ռɵģͷųа֮Уƻã٣Էֱ档Һãؼ˴˵еһٽǧ
ǧ飬ڤ޵ҲҪռ°գڱһٻǴģ
ʿһ˲ǳǧ飬ѹӦ飬ȫ鲻ԽطЦ㵸
ãӣ
ֲ̫ˣЩħ嶼ƽһͷݣͶĳ嶯
еķڿħħҪЩ˾ӣʴɮܹһ𣿡
ʮħһѹµȫŵûɢЩҪɢӿ
ػڤʣ
󣡡
ǧһ֮ʣػͭŹΧͳ˧̤ûһâεķԪӿ糱سӿȥ
ס֡
˭룬û龳ħͳ˧һ֣ͭŹеĲڤʾһȣţһɺ̺Ŀֲܣͷϯ£ֱӽħͳ˧Ʒ˳ȥ
ƾǣҲͼ⾻
ȻǾԴ߶ܲ۷ʱڵ֮һҲԲСڤʵڵһʱ䴫ͳ˧Ժ֮С
ħͳ˧סΣһɫ֣ͷ৶䡣
ûϵ洫Ȼ˵Ŀֲ龳ħͳ˧ֿ⣬ȻѰ·
ˣˡ
ͳ˧Ŀ֮УͭŹǰľ찵ħͻȻͷ״
ۣۡ
أ찵ħĿУһ̲̲ѪЩѪ糱ƽӻ뺣һӿͭŹڲ
ţͭŹ׵ĹײİһƷ˳ȥһħ֮еɭͭŹڲ
쾪㤵һĻӡʿĿ֮Уɵ־¡
ǿûУڤʵڱ¶ǵǰˣ
ڤʹȻֻǸ˹Ǽܣû׹ǣ⣬
ţⲻڤʽ˹Ǽܣӵ˾춯صʵһ֮£ͻĴĺһݹ壬Ҳûܹһսˡ
ǿ쿴ǲڤʵĹǼܣ鲼֩һѷ죬ҹҰףȫΨֵĹǼɭ׽ܣƺֵĹƷҪһЩ
ʿȫһ˲Ŀ⼯ۣһͫ׽ضŲڤʵ
ֳֺꪵĺ̫ʱ˿̣Ҳ΢΢üֱͨͨ
һսۣ̫Ŀ꣬Ҫڤʸһնɱȡڤʵıӡǣ֮ǰĽսУ̫˵һնɱڤˣڤʵδܱȳ
ʱ˿̣ԸԳؼ˲ڤʵ̫Ȼе˷֮顣
˾ǣȥϡƵǧħڲڤȫµĹ鲼һѷ죬ҹƺһܹһٻ
ףһең
𽣶ʵڵսڲʧӲڤʵĹƺⲻڤڸʱ򣬽лʽûȫڲڤʸľΪָֻһ붼
ײɵһ
һ߲ʹűЩɹ˽лʽòڤʸʧܡȻշǵûܳɹڤʸһɱǣƺڲڤʻŷǳӰġ
Ҫϣ´ʱ˿̳ɹĲڤʣӵŸΪֲʵ
һˣײɵüͷƤ
ڤʵʵĿͬã˵Ƿǳֲ𾳽ĺ̫˭룬̶ֳȵľΪȻǲڤʵǿ״̬
ⲻЩ׵ĸо
ǰ˵ⲻڤʵľΪﵽʲôĳ̶ȣеƲѾ˰벽۾𣿡
սȭͷϢ١
һһЦҡҡͷûжϴⲻڤľΪֻǲ𾳽쾳磬ûв벽۾磡
ˣҲԶԶ̫ңǸСǿˡ
һ΢΢˫Ŀֱָڤʵֲλοⲻڤʻŵûչֳ



1397 Բ
ݣ𣡡
˵֮䣬޽سͭŹѹ
ǧǰһͭŹףֱеһҶۣܹ֮串
ʮ𼱵ĵڣڤʵ͵һӣ찵ħ¶ľѪ֮УۻûһΪĹϷ׭
Ϸ׭һΣһɾ춯صĿֲܣϯǧǧ硣
ʲôͨ
ڲſֲܵļӢۣɵʧ
ǧħ뾫Ѫ赲ʲôϷ׭ʵǣöϷ׭ٲȻǳֲżΪƾõʷ
ߣһöϷ׭Ҫ⾻洫ֱǲ
ϻ¹Ҽ˲ϵš
ͬʱ𽣶ʵڵսڲʩչѰۣһۿڤʵģöħ뾫Ѫڲط׭
ʲô
⡭ⲻܡⲻڤΪλᶮֹϷ׭
ڿϷ׭һ˲䣬ʱϥһЩڵء˵ɫǲ԰һƬͷĺ৶䣬Ž
ʦܣû°ɣ
վԵͣһ׷ģʱΪе꺮ů
ҡҡͷͲȻһЦ
¡¡
ڣ˵עĿ֮£ڤʵ͵غҶһöϷ׭ʱײǳһ޾񳱣ҲƵϯҡػΣɽѣ˻ɳӿ

˱ܵΪһ˲佫ڤʸѹʱĿһĻȻӡ˵ɲڤͷŶĹϷ׭Ȼ׾ٵغǧ棬޽ޱߵ׺飡
ܿ
ܣڤδҲ̫ˣȻһƾͺǵۼľİ
ⲻڤʾںʲôĹȻӵ˾춯صΪʵ˸е˼
ˣȫһСУԼ˫
ۡһڤһƺ֮󣬾ͺһֻߵķһͬİħͭŹףȫһԵƷ˳ȥ
֮󣬾İħſסΣסͭŹס
ͭŹڲ޾ħеĲڤʣȫµĻҰ׹ʱְ˼֣鲼֮ϵ֩һѷ죬Ҳ࣬էһƽһͷƤĸо
ߣⲻڤʵΪʵ̫춯ˣȻֻв쾳磬ǣʵսȴ𾳽ĸҪһΣ
ֳֺꪵĺ̫ɵñڤʵľٶˡ
Ȼ̫ûϵڤܹһٻ洫Ȼ۷ʱڵܣȻ֮һҲһ𾳵ĸֿһġ
٣̫ʣǾûһģʵϣǺ̫ȫ߶еĺꪣҲȻԿѹ
֮ǰѹǺ̫ǲڤʣô̫ĵһӦ϶ǲֻӴܣʮΪϼƣ
֮£̫ȻҪȲڤҪһأ
ԭһָǣ׼һնɱڤʣȡıڤʯʣ޼Ԫڿƺҵ뷨ЩɿЦˣⲻڤʵսԶԶҵ󡭡
̫һ˫ǵ˫Уâէ֣Ӱһ˲ƺ˥˼֡
ͬʱתڲŵˣȫɫ䣬һαڤʾ޵Ŀֲս۷ˡ
ڲڤ˿ֲսǰȻǧҲһȺֽ˰ˡ
ʿٶȵ㣡
ͬʱ𽣶ʵڵսڲ͵³һɫ𾪣Ҳµûдַ壬ܣȫҲ²һޣֻлҪ߶ˣӵö࣡
û뵽ڤʾȻõ˹϶صĴУ
ҽһ˿Ԥӿͷ
ˣǿ쿴أԲˣ
ãôͻȻʧȥˣ
ؿһնħĹɲܾô׵ɥȪ
ˣһ󾪺п
ȥյľת֮ϣϽĵķأԭ߰Դ˿ؿڣڱ֮ް



1398 ľѿ
Բˣ
һ̣ʿȫһһִݺĸоӿͷ
ò˵һսеӢۣûϵڲڤһٻ֮󣬷رһغɥʧе
˵⵹Ҳʲôϳ顣
Ͼֻһ龳ʿȻ龳ǳ߶ˣݹ壬ҲӢۺܡ
ǣֻصĲڤǰȻЩ
ڲ֮£̷˾һöӣӶ˴˵еһٻǧħ飬˲ڤʡǣôڷصԳ
ڡ
֮󣬷һغҲΪ̡
Хɳӿƽһɱɪĸо
Ҳ˭
ûһ˿ķأģ·ܹţǴȱΪػµĵõɮޱϵڶ𾭣˸ж
ΪӢۣˣ
ұҪѧϰأػ¡׺˿٣Ứ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ʦ桭
ʦ桭
ŸСУȫȫֳַŷţȵ˶ַ֮󣬾ŸǱСвŷӦһʧ˻ơ
ܿ죬ŸСоͿһԲͷԲԵСУӻͳһg˷ص֮ϡ
ХĿһĻˡص壬ڴһ˲䣬ʱƮɢΪһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ʱ䣬ص壬ͻûһѻ
ô£صΪƮɢˣ
Īǣصڿֲݲ֮£ֻʣһ߿տˣ
غգ
ˣһп
أһ⣬Դӻ֮˵Ŀȫ˹
ǿ쿴֮бɢ
֣ѾҷˣΪλбɢĪз
˷׷׹
ŸСһ⣬ʱһϲ׷˵ڻ֮У˫ܿٳһɢӡһɢ߲ʶĿı⡣
ǿ쿴Ƿöӣ
˵õɮΪնħϧԼȻǹһصҲʵ
ϧϧˡЩӵУƺûоıӣǾıӣڱظ̷֮󣬾ͱˣĻһɶõı
һصӣɵ̾ЩɮˣǲŪ飬ôľ㣬˫ֺʮʼسꡣ
Ҫʦ泬꣬ҵʦ沢û
ԲͷԲԵĳСУȻоɮǴһ
ԣȫΪ֮һ
ʲô
ػû
СУ뷨ŷǳ壬ȻԸŷѾˡװ̾Ϣ
ڳľʿҲױͬ뷨ûнСеĻ档
ϾصĿͬãҪ̸ף
ŸСһûԼٶԣ˵һصıǰƴطʲô̬̼
ٿء
ҵˣҵˡһཱུСи
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫཱུСи˹ȥ
ȥԿཱུСУһȭͷСĽɫӣԿģбɢ
ʣȻǷصıӣ
ԭЩСѰҷصıӣʵ˵ͷ
յǽħһ֮һŲڤʵͷ­Ըоȣһ͵ȭͷ
۷׷֮ʣ˵һĻˡ
һСĳСУӻͳһԵĲı߽ǻǲƵģСֽŲãϵĻŵ벧УţصıӣС˲
ˡ
ɫĲ΢΢һű磬һ̵ѿߣԴӻӭչ
ţʲôΪηصĹǻ뱾ŵĲУһѿߣ
֮治Уѵصıӱһӣһµ
飬һû˵жΣ
һ󾪺п
ͬһʱ䣬𽣶ʵڵսڲһ͵һĴȣϲ̫ˣ̫ˣû뵽ؾȻø֮еõһĻԵ
ʲôصõһԵ
ײɵΪ֮һ˼ʱЩӦ
طѾɥȪˣΪλܹøõһĻԵ
֪ܸ˼λ֮⣬ûܹ񣬷ȻΪһgѵܹ
ʱ𽣶ʵһˣȫĿһΪڴؿһܡ



1399 ʥ
ܵ˾ɵĿ⣬һɤӣڽ͵ûжϴĻؼпС˵û
ȻˣڷصҲĿͬáصѾҷˣճǶȻûлٸˡ֮治Уش˷ұ֮Ϊǵõɮһصӡ
־ϲǣصıӣƺ뾻洫ı֮£ںϣ
һĵ
ʲôصı뾻Ӳںϣ
Űû뵽صıӣȻԺ۾ľӽںϣѰ龳֣óȻ̷ıӣ³ֻбĽ֡ûϵطǵûһغıӸԼı֮У
ǣǷؽں˾ıӣڷ˵ҲûκεˡϾѾ죬ܸĵͯá
һȣֹ̾
漣ڣ
һܿĵɻ󣬵һЦΪصı뾻Ӳںɱ䣬ԣȻԭķѾˣǣһոµ
ոµ
ǰ˼˵ǿССѿ߰ɣ
תͷСеĲڲĻ֮Уһ͵ѿȻǽɵģΪϲһѿߵĵȴǷõɮζԳܡ
ֲĪʲôβɣ
üͷһ
Ǿѿߣڰ˰󣬽ɳΪһòòǴ˵еʥһϣػӶһȭͷ
ʲôʥ˵еķʥ
˵Уʥĳ֣Ԣ̫ƽʢʢ֮תӽǴ֮סԭΪⶼǹżеĴţ˭վȻļ˴˵еʥ˼֣
ԭصתӵĽ٣ڲõĽڷ̸Уһᵮһȴ󱯵ķ棡
һ󾪺пԭصһתӵĵ
Ǻǣǲ²Ĳʥĳ֣ζڰ˰һתӽǣͬתӣˣǷأ
ֻһǰˡ
һ˵
ʲôתӾǷأ
⾿ʲôһΪǾתҪء
ȻǵõɮϾֻһ龳ɮˣΪܹΪתӣ
⡣
˵ͻˡ
һɤӣ˵˵Ƿޱߵķ棬Ҳ޷תͶ̥ΪתӵġϾתӿӵдԣ۸ȱĿţδĳɾͼпܻҪڷ֮ϡ
浱겻䣬һöӣҲȻûϵöӣһתӵĵ
ûжϴ󣬷صı뾻ıںɱ֮ռλĲǾ棬Ƿأ
ԣڰ˰ʥһһʥʥ֮УһӤתӣ
ֻתȻһͱׯϣƣȻֻһӤҪͷֱгһգתӽ۾磬Ϊ档ôܹۣǰּ䡣Ǹʱͻ֪Լǰһзأ벻ڤʵɱģ
һܱ˫֣Ŀ䣬ƺܹδ֡
õһ
ûϵʥѿߣڰ˰󣬾ȻһʥΪϡŹֵǣʥڲȻܹһӤ
Ӥɷֻ֮󣬵תӣ
ô˵صȷ˵ǻšֻǻһ߻۸츳ȵгһ˳ΪʱͻǰԼ֪Լзء
һпһ
ò˵ÿһˣеοеݡ
ѹǰ˵صһ£øõһĻԵԭˣ
ر츳Ѫܹ龳磬ѾǳףδǱʮޡǣһֻͶ̥Ϊת֮󣬷ص츳Ѫһɳ죬ΪӵŴԣ۸ȱĻ𡣵ʱŷصĳɾͣԶԶԼ
ΣⶼһܵĺϢҪģǾȫ̸ɣػʥѿߣ÷תͶ̥ӣܹ˳
۷׷ףܿʹһ¡



1400 ת
˵ʱʱ죬֮䣬ʿȫ֪˳Сŵһʥ磬ʱÿһʿȫ־ϲΪظеοּ
ͬʱڤҲ쳣
ãƺıӣڻԵɺ֮£صıӸںˣңһ磡
һֲԤУƺ磬ǰħһžѣ
׻˵ݲ紵գζҪ𣡡
ڤһˣʱŭХһ˵ĿֲħӿַԲգת̶Ϊ֮һ
ˣˡ
İħƲ˲ڤаһ״ͭŹ׾ԳžŸСз˶ȥ
ħӿ糱ԨƺԿ⣬εѡ
ãڤͼݻʥˣ赲
ʥ磬ܹתӵıǧܱݻ٣
类ݻˣǷؾƽɥˣ
ת֮ϣһžӰսзӶһΣʱػھŸСеǰȥÿһӢۺܣǸֳڣֳֵ壬ɱڡ

ڤʣҪݻ磬ʹǰʬ̤ȥ
𽣶ʵڵսڲһ͵һһһΣƾճ֮УХ˿٣졣
һǰ¶ˣ
ٺ٣ħΪֻк̫ôһ𾳽ĸֵĻôʹشˡһܲɱﵣ̼ǵ꣬һʩչú̫仨ˮ֪ڵĵһǰܷսʤһĲڤʣ
˵һǰĹǣ˵Ҳõʥˣ߲ݻ٣
ţȫĿ˸˸ؿһܣ΢ƣ¶һĨĵЦݡ
ţ
һǺηʥ
İħקһͭŹףƺƵسžŸСеķ˶˭룬ûȷ˵ǰмʮ׵Ӣۺǰͷһˣ磬ɲ⣬̱ͭŹеĵһܶЩľʶһɨʡ
˭ҪֻҪ֪նɱ˾ˡ
һܵһЦһɺƸǶĿֲѹϯػľŸССƾڤʵʶ޼ɵɨɨȥǴŸСһһ
ţɱҵˣ
ǷôĿ
ڤͷЦЦдһ˿һ˿֮У̸ܹ۱ϹŶһֶֻĹһδɵĻƿɶҲҰףֱ֪
˵ţ̧ɭ׵֣ڲһŶ쵰Сɢҫ۶ĿĿֲܿͻûһаİǳ
ʣŸСнתۣȫػ
ܵڤʵвһܺʾĬдʣ֮䣬ȫع⣬壬ƺһǳضϵͨؼ
ϣһӣһεʱϯ־ŸСУ𷴿Ҵ󣡡
ŸСһʱһԥͷ壬ٵִ
ৡ
һ̣ŸСеӰƾʧʵǬ
󣡡
ţӣԾ䣬ͳʧ٣˾תڲ˾ǣߵҲûпʾǽһսڲ
𽣶ʵڵսڲ
ʵӰȻ֣һӣŸСоʹǬ¶һɫ
ǰ
ǰһһؿʣǣ
𽣶ڵս壬ɲʲôۣһȫ濪սǳħ幥ΪҵһöӣʽŸСдöΪ
Σյĵطȫĵطʵػңʥ粻Σաʵ˵ˣ۴ɻĹźҰѿأŲңһʥ뺫̫У롣
ԣéٿ΢΢ͷ
ս۽һܻԻʥصڵţκһĻ˹ƵóѡԹԵʮ־ᶨ
ɱ
λѣ֣ҾͲⲻڤֵܹסֵϹƣοл
ûնɱڤʣǿǺպս˭ҲҪ
֮УһԵļ䣬һȫƣ׼ɱ



1401 ڤ

ɣҰħȻ棬ڵļ԰˵ֱƧҲһò
ڣǼʶһڤ޵ĵڤ֡
ڤЦɺͷһһīķ־ƾϯЯ޾ɱһ֣˻ɢεѡ
ĵ׷ĸоͺһ۾߸ˣƺǧɥڤ֮£մȾ޾ɱ

ڤʵͺһ֮еǳ;ڤֵĺĵش߶ڤֱɺâģһƬƬƾոڲڤʵЩֻƴСеÿһǳâɣ֮Ķ顣
ʲôڤʽڤ֡ٻˣ
ڤֿƷڵ֮Ƿǳ߶˵Ʒ˵նɱԽ࣬ڤֵԽǿֲ񣬲ڤȫ߶ڤֵ֣ܹ
֮ǰڤʳֿȭѾ죬˷߶ڤ֣˭֣
ƴˣͲŻ򲻹һڤʣ
ڸŵ䣬һΪ壬ÿһ˶վǱˮһսû·ԡ
λѣ˺󣡡
ڤնɱǧ飬˴ԲܹģҾ͹ˣ
һһӶʨһƽըף̺ž춯صĺȻ˾һ̨
ȵڸŵٴζȥڤʴ߶ڤΧĶһƬƬ
һƬƬڤظĹ
֮ǰŵ䣬֮ԻὫȫǱ̲صǧ̨֪ʶҵľ֮С
񣬱һһ𣬶ʱȫָ
Щƽ۾һĺܣڷԼ֮˻֮ȫΪشͷЩѿ
£ҲûΥһָܵ׷ƣݲ󳷡
һĹ򣬼ʮڸŵͳ˧˻ص˾תڲ
ЩȻǿž׵Ӣۺܣȴбڤָ˵˲ڤʵĻǵ벻ڤʶԿȻ۵öࡣ
һܿɲϣиӢۺܣǷһɥڲڤʵС
ϾÿһˣŷõֻܹأΪתӡ
һ֮
ڤֵĿֲƣ̫һʱ޷˵ݲǰҪԮһܡ
һбһ۷Ӷĺ̫˵ͷĬ
ò˵̫ٶõһЩ⣬ΣҲû̫뷨
ʵϣ̫һУͲõһڲڤʵɥһ̫ҲѪģȵս۽֮󣬾ͽꪸá
ϧȻ̫ǳõһǲò˵ǵһˣôԺ̫ӲǲڤʵĶ֡
ʱ򣬿²һĹϵˣ壬Ĺźڣһ֮֡
Ͼ
壬¶Ĳ𾳸ֻ֣еһ뺫̫Ҫǰˣƶ᲻ȡ
οںꪣĺ̫ӿǲڤʵıڤʯ
̫ԪеϣڤʵڤʯԼֻмţ̫ܹӻĹźң԰

ڤһ̫׼սȦʱһŭȡ
ϣ

ǧú̫սȦ
ʮħǰħͳ˧һХΪ⣬赲ں̫ǰһźɫ籦׵ŮˣźһӣһɺѪĺâ;ź̫ϯȥ
ϺзҲͼ۵
̫бһͳ˧һһеĺꪷɱ⣬һ絶ĺâԳͳ˧ȥƺҪħͳ˧ǧС
顭
˭룬ħͳ˧ȻԷ˶ǧâ޶ãâԼı֮ϣ˻ҡػΡ
ħͳ˧ıףνħѰƸشǡ
ৡ
ħͳ˧ŲһһһʱоͶһɺѪ
Ǹʲô
̫أЩûзӦһŻԼħͳ˧
ǣǡ
Ȼһ̣ħͳ˧һеĺɫʱһâ״ƾճں̫ϣ̫ȫʹ䶯á



1402 
ã̫ʱڴ˵Уǽ۵ֻǾµϴѲƲˣȻӵŴƷʣһЩ벽Ҳضá
ħͳ˧Э߶ңȻӵŲ𾳽ΪҲѡ
Һãӵк֣źܹܿɱΧ
̫ȫӲͺ̶һʱΪ壬æ߶еĺꪣʼȫͻơ
𡭡ں̫ȫ߶֮£Ҳ޾ĹϷ׭Ӻ֮Ϸ׷ɶ𣬵ʱһͨ쳹صĿֲϯƺڲȻŭ
顭
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬Ԩƺܣ˳ɺѪħͳ˧ϯȥ
ħͳ˧龳۷弶Ĵڣͨ󣬴ʱֳ֧ųһ֣ȻؿѪҲҧ֧š
Ȼ˵ħͳ˧Ҳ֪ƾǵҪ̫ǲ̫ܵģܹ̫һʱ䣬ڲڤ˵Ҫࡣ
һڤʾֻȫעضԸһܾˡ
һߣڤڲڤʵĴ߶£𵴣ƺһҶ£ҪΪ֮

ڤֵĿֲвһܿȻһŭϯһƽһͷƽˣһͷƽ꣬һͷƽ롭֮䣬ǧͷԶ޻ûһΣЯͨ쳹صܣŲڤʷ˶ȥ
ĿǣȻǲڤʣһȥԷֱǧͷƽǻӰǻֻǸоһ޾ĲϢͷӿ£һʱЩ⧲
ǡԶŻƽȺ
ڤͫ׽æ߶İħӭǰȥ
ˡ
𡭡
ܿ죬ǧͷƽޣħһذ죬ɳ糱
һǰһʩչ˲Ǵ˵ǸɷͨĹ
˵ǹһνа֪ۡһа۾ʲôϵȻܹѧᲹ
ǲڤʵľ찵ħս龳磬֪һǰûǧͷƽޣܷ֣
תڲڸĵӣһͷӶ۷׷ס
Ȼܿ죬ŵһĻˡ
İħǧͷƽ޵ǰȻȫһǧͷȫƵԶޣȭϯЯһŷɥĿֲ
ƺǧͷԶսǧͷɽս
໡
һͷƽצȫЯһɲϢצ֮䣬ͽһİħ˼Ρ
ˡ
ͷƽ꣬һİħΧ˺ҧ֮䣬ͽħҧ䣬һϢ
ড
ƽ˿һ糱һͼӶݵİħյѪģа
ţ
ôܡ⾿ʲôͨȻܹٻͨ
ûжϴЩԶޣǶӰںһ˿лĻޣ
ڤʵɴ˫

㣬ٻЩԶޣÿһͷ޵ڣ̲һ˿ǣؼ˻ޣսԺɨħ
һֶܸЦ
˻
䣬ȫ𶯡
𣿵һܻûĻޣȻԺɨħ
֮ǰ̫һܽսʱ򣬺̫ûнһܵƸȳû뵽һܾȻǧͷԶŻޣ
һϵܣʵ̫ˡȣΪʲôаĲ⣬ռõǧͷԶ޵Ļǵģ
ǧͷԶޣǰʵǷĻƳɻ޺Ҳѹƾ龳İħ
ƾǧͷԶŻޣһܾͿԵǹƥħˣ
תڲһ󾪺пһܵ񣬾ͺǿһ
ء
֮̾࣬İħȻǧͷƽ޸仨ˮһϢ
ħ壡
ڤ³һѪһɲϢЮžſŹеħͷ­
໡
ܿ죬ſŰħͷ­ͳڳа֮УںϳΪһ壡
һ̣һǧĿֲХ쳹Ժ
໡
һͷħƾճÿһʿ֮У



1403 ͷħ
һɳԨƺĲϢӿ˸εѣɢ
ǿ쿴ǾİħȻڱ֮ʣںϳΪһ壬һͷħ
ͷħɢƣ벽𾳽ĸˣ
û뵽ħȻںΪһ壬ŵǣɱɹľͷħΪֱƲ𾳣
תڲڸŵ䣬ȫһԼ۾
Ŷ
ͷħ
һüͷһɵȻ
ءͷħһΣͳǧͷƽһХǱڤס̾ҪٶɱսȦɱ䡣
ҵҪǧͷԶŻޣܷ񿹺Ұ˴
ڤ쳤Хһӣ̲Ű˴ڤ֣ʱûһ֪֪ĺ⣬سǧͷԶŻ޽ɱ
¡¡
ָһ˲䣬ǧͷƽޣͱ˰˴֮УÿһڲͷƽޣƾƽײԴӻӳ졣
ͬʱÿһڲʬǳɽѪ̲Ű飬Щͣ׶
ȻƽʵǷһڲ˲䱻ԨƺûƷǳΣ
ãһܵͺһһȫٻػƽޡ
顭
һӵһܵڰ˴֮ϣͼһٺǧͷŻӴܡ
ڤ֣ն
ڤʾԲһᣬһ߶ŵڤ֣ͳŵһնɱ
һͨ쳹صħХ쳹ձѣɳӿ·ڤڲħͷҪڤ֮ϯư
ȣ
һ΢΢˫ڤ֣˫˲ûһ̫ͼ
䡭
ƻײõڤ֣صغ̫ͼ֮ϣ죬ǧٿǳͬʱ飬澪춯أš
ৡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫΪ֮һ
ɳɢ䣬ȥֻƥڤ֣̫ͼڲҪ̫ͼһΪ

ڤ¶һĨѪĿ⡣
䡭
̫ͼӦѣΪĹϷ׭ɢ
ãһƺ·磡
⣬̫ͼԵֵڤֵĹƣ
ڤֱϾǵһֿܳȭȻвҲδ֣
ʿһл̼

ȻҲ֪ǴĶѧĲаʲôϵҵУֻ·һ
ڤһٻ̫ͼʱ죬ڤִ߶죬գҪһһɱ
һܾһ̩ɽǰҲ޶Եģ
ţ
ǣ
𽣶ڵսڲ׼ǱʩչѰۣһȥؿһܵĵﲿλ̲㹹ɵ̫ͼ̫ͼһĹ켣תţѹһļµİ
һǰڣΪӵص̫ͼһ̲񱩵һʱеڸ
ݡ
˵ʱʱ죬ûڤնһܵǰתĵ֮ϣǧâÿһâ̺ŲϢǬױԺһǳ
á
յڲʡϻˡӢ۵˵ΣƾһΣԴ֮ϯһʮ𼱵һܣ׼Ԯ
˭룬û˷ǰһܱһζӭڤ֡
ǲ֪ߵغ֪Ҷô˵еĲȻš
һ˫죬һεӿ
ͬһʱ䣬׷ɵĹϷ׭һɶʼںϣܿ۳ǧٸƴС̫ͼ
Щ̫ͼƳˮһӵ˵һܵǰ۳һˮĻƾڤֶôǿᣬô񣬶ôһǰƲɵ̫ͼûɵˮĻУȫ޼¡
ܡڤɭۿбâ
ָоͺһȭ޻ϣʮ
аУܹɷͨĴڡҵУȻаǧ֮һӡڤ֣Ӧò⣡
һܺ˿٣۷ɣ˾ͺһ˱ǹһ͵һŲ̤ڤ֮ϡ
ˡ
ڤΪ֮һڲ̺鲻˻ȻԴӵһܵĽѳ
ǵһܵռе̫ͼˣ
Ŀ棬еĵһܡ
ͨѰۣ׿ؿһܵĵռڲһضϵ̫ͼԴԴϵؽֲ·ڤѹȥϢ˳ԲڵһܵĲٿ£ͺһֻε֣֮һסѪ궯ڤ֣



1404 ӡ
߾ӡ
Ŀ֮£һ͵һӣε˲ӿڤ֮У¡¡һɽѵıĿע֮£ڤ찵ձһסС˰ƴС

һһӣһϯ£ֱӽڤָ֮СһƣΪζذеڤ֣ڤ޵ĵ𣿿Ҫˡ
㣬㡭
ڤʲҺһһ˫ɭɲ۶ĺâƺҪ˶ɡ
ܣڤ޵ĵڤ֣Ȼӡˣ
ڤƴ߶ڤ޹֮³һһ˼ؿһܡ
һֻ̣صĲڤʣҲСһܣԭµԽ̼䵴Ȼ޴档ʣһܵǿԶԶ˲ڤʵ

ͬʱǰϻˡʡӢ۵ˣҲզпһʱ
ţһǰȻڤָӡˣ
ڤֿڤ޵ĵһܲǸ𾳽ĸ֣ȻԷӡ
ʵ̫ˣһܵĿֲԶԶǵ󣡡
ʡϻˡӢ۵һݲ󳷣ԶսȦÿһ˵񣬾˸˸Ź⡣
ţ
һǸһȻӡڤ֣
̫ңңбһԶսһʱӣٸн
ں̫˵ǲϣһڴжԼķͷġԣڿһܷӡ˲ڤʵڤ֮󣬷ǵûһ˿һļЩơ
ҹ
ϵһ̫ȫ߶еĺꪣɺâǽ˳ȥ
ۡ
Уʵ֧Ųסˡ
ɶ񣬽ƾͳ˧޷ֹġ
ħͳ˧صصɳȥһѪɫ԰ֽ
ˢˢ
̫˳ָ֮ûгʤ׷ħͳ˧Ͼɱǽ̤Ӽ䣬˵һܵԡ
һܣɵòȻԴӲڤʵжȡһ
̫ЦЦؿһܣ͵һеĺꪣռƣ̷ܹħһ򾡰գ
֣ⲻڤնɱ˵
һҡҡͷƺö࿴̫һۣĬдʣٶȴ߶
ʱ޾ĲϢԴӵһܵӿ塣
ѣҲһ
ʱڤʾԳһϣؿһܣҽ˴еĻƽ޸ųҲȥڤϵķӡΣ
ৡ
ʱʮ򰵺ħȫ۽ڵһܵϡ
һĲڤʣȻһ̸ף飬Ƿǳġ
ǺǣһЦΪʲôҪ㽻ף
Ϊ޷İ˴𣿡
һͷЦɡ
ȫžȫĿ˸˸ؿһܣһ̣һ׳ΡӰӡ˵С
ܷӡҲӡ
ڣҾȫͨɷͨһХ
ţ
˵ʲôܹͨɷͨ
ڤʮħ壬ȫΪ֮һһǿŹһŵһܡ
뵱꣬а۵ĹˣʩչɷͨӡġΪˣŵ޵ۣԷɽ磬½³֮С
񣬵һܾȻҪòɷͨͨ
ڤȫɪɪ֪Ǿ壬Ǽ
ݣݣݣݣ
Ŀ֮£һһӣһЯ޾ĲϢԳɷͨҶȥһգ۵Ĺ򣬾;ʧ١
ȫһҽ
ף
̫мһЦһܵĹʼʩȻƭ
һҲͬķʽɷͨɣЩĹźҵһٴݻ١
ٶȹɷͨȻҪһٹư˴
ˣˡ
أһ۵ĺХ쳹ǧǧ磬εѣɢ
ʲô۵ĺ
ѵڲۼĸ֣
ܣеĲл꣬ĺХ
ħһ۵ĺһɫ԰ֽ
ྪ޵ۣ֮󣬻ǲɢɷͨΧڴгһգܹͨɷͨʿлɽ磡
һɷͨЩ۵ĲлǣȻ˷Īϣܹ֮ͨ·
ܿϧҵ޷ͨɷͨ෴Ϊֲķ֮
һ¶һĨЦݣ͵һΣŰ˴ķ˶ȥ



1405 а۴
ԭǹ⹥ɷͨӶ֮ҵİ˴ģ
Ǳ޳֮ͽ
ڤŭХһһɲϢȶЮͭײģȵ赲ڰ˴֮ǰߣΣƵóѣ˵ţڤʻ̧ɭ׵ֹǣ˫ۿй˸˸Ծ
ڤ޵Ĵеڤ֡һ֮󣬲ڤٲȻѾףʱɱ죬ƺ׼ಫˡ
ɱĲڤʣһɫ䣬̤ʩչһֹͨɲǼ䣬֮УƾճϰӰ
һȥÿһӰȻѷα
¡¡
¡¡
ͬʱļһɵĺ⣬ЯһļµֱһɽҰĻӰ
׵һ⣬·һǣҪ˲
ţ
̧̫ͷżĺ⣬ŵƤæ󳷣ԶԶӶݿ
ͬʱһӣһεϯ֮ϣԭյľת̣ʱСûһ̴С˺̫С
Ӱ֮ˣ
ɷͨķֲ̫֮ˣȻ̺˰¾ǲ𾳽ĸ֣һУпһغ
ò˵һн赶ɱ˵İϷǳЧ
Զʮħŵûɢ׷ɢӿһףܷ֮ĲɥȪ
ħͳ˧ɫϣͷ৶䡣
𣡡
ұ
ʮ𼱵ĵڣ̱ͭײ֮еĲڤʣȻһöȼ˵ĵӭĺ⡣
ڤʣ
ڤʣ
ʱʮħ壬ȫʧ
ৣ
һܵڽҪͷһΣƾճʮɵ֮⣬ֶЦЦؿĲڤʡ
䡭
Ŀ֮£ڤȫ߶ɭ׵֣һơ
һƺһյӡƾϯǳЮԨƺĻ֮Ƴ죡
¡¡
Ȼֻһײı̺޾ĺ⣬һֱӽڤȫӡĲƬ

ûϵǣڤʵȫһƣ̺Űĺǰȫһ
˵ʱʱ죬ĺ⣬һٺյӡ֮ƲŲڤڵķҶ£
һ̣ʱֹһ㣬ʿһͫ׽ƺ̾Ҫظ裬첻ڤ
ڤʡ
Ҫڤʿǧ
ڤһǰħ彫ʧȥ䣬ܿҪϾɱ
ʮħ壬ȫпһҪ޳

ŴĿֲڤʸоԼͺеһҶۣ̾Ҫ籩˸ûɥȪ
ʱһɲӿͷ
˭룬һ̣ĿһĻ쳡Ȼӡ˵ڲȥֻһɳĺ⣬Я糱ĿֲܿҪڤʸûʱ򣬲ڤ΢΢̧ɭڲȻ͵һԱ⣬һödַ׭ڲ¶Ľޱҫۡ
ΪǣĴһödַ׭һ֣ͺһϯɺ߽ˡ
̺޾Ŀֲ⣬څdַ׭ǰȻ˲߽⣬ƺһȫûз֮
ܿ죬ɺɢɢһƵɢУ
ȫΪ֮𾪣
ǿûУڤٻһֹϵķ׭Ȼ׾ٵؽ̺޾ĺˣ
ⲻڤʵ֣ʲôȻ˵ضֲ
̫ˣⲻڤʵ֣ƺȵڤֻҪ
ʿһĿ࣬һǧɡ
ʮħ壬ڿǰһĻʱȫ־ϲһػеĵ糱
ڤʣ
ڤʣ
һʱ䣬ħʿ
ܣⲻڤʾȻ׻Σ
ʮ֮УһܵɵĿ࣬һ˼ضŲڤʣöûܷӦ
תڲ
⾿ôһ£ϻſڽࡣ
ⲻڤܹ֮ҪںһͷԭΪⲻڤȻɹˣлʽҲڤʸ֮ľΪҲںϵĹͷƷʱȽϲٱȲһںϵ۵ıǡ
ڣҸҿ϶ⲻڤںϵĹͷһǳضֲڣ۵ıҪ
΢΢˫һĲ˼顣
վԲԶףʱȴɫˢףſˮû뵽ҵжȷģⲻڤƿصķ壬һеģڡа۵ĴУ



1406 ˮʯ
ʿȫΪڤʵĿֲͨڳ޵ʱ򣬲ڤʱȴһãȻʧ룬صͷԼ֣Ĵądַ׭þöûܻع
ţ
⾿ôһ£
ҵ֮УΪλͻȻֳһöϷ׭
ңϷ׭ȻܹҶɹһ٣֮յؾһ
ڤϢء

ڲڤûŪ״ʱ̣ɢǿеһưٿػ۳ƽӻ뺣һسŲڤʵĴӿ
ǣ
ڤһ
ৡ
ʱڳһʿĿ⣬ٶͶڤʡ
쿴ڤʷǵ׻˽ѣңȻɢڣ
˿һһн赶ɱ˵İϷû˵ڤʣңƽ˲ڤһ񣡡
Щɷͨķ֮Ϊ񱩣ѰʿͼΨб³û뵽ڤʾȻ޼ɵЩ
ת֮ϣʿһ̼
ڤʴˣ
ڤʴˣ
ħͳ˧һӣ˲ڤʵԣһùеĿ⿴ڤʡ
ܿ죬ڤʾ˳糱ڡԭ޹üϣһ֩Ƶѷ죬£ܿ޸ڣų޾⣬Ƴ죬Ŀѣ롣
赣ǣҺˡ
Ǻǣò˵ڤ޵ڹżҵֹǣǷȻֵܹ֮ԭΪһζǾһˡû뵽еֹǣȻأ
ڤЦ
˻
䣬ħͳ˧ȫɫһԭء
Ҳһһ˼ؿڤʣԼĶ䡣
𣿸ղŲڤʾȻ˵֣У˹Ϸ׭Ӷ˷֮
ڤԼ֪ںϵĹʲô𣿡
˴βڤںϵֹǣڹżò˵ֹǵƷʣԲ۸ֵıǡϾڤʽںһֹǣ͵һٲ˲𾳽죡ںһͬƷʵľѪ̾Ҫ۾ˡǸʱ֮УûһܹĶ֣
ȫզп
һԼںϵֹʲô֪ô
һüͷһ壬û뵽ⲻڤʻлԵȻڱ龳£ӹһ٣
˺棬ⲻڤʾںʲôƷʵֹǣܹסɷͨķ֮
ʡϻˡӢ۵˵Уȫֳһʡ
¡
¡¡
ʱشӶɺ⣬һ̲ͣسŰ˴ڵķλҶȥʮɺ⣬̺İ֮ǰ˵Ҫ˺ü
ˡ

һ΢΢̧ͷæӲͷƤҪʩչӰһɺ򰵺ħķ
˭룬һΣûȵһ֣ܶڤʾûһâƳһʮɺ˶ȥ
ৣ
ȥֻӰţڤʾ͸߸߾֣֮Уһöضϵķ׭ԡ

Ŷͷµĺ⣬һ
顭
һ̣Ŀľһݡ
ʮɺȻɢ٣һ̺ſ񳱣ƽӻ뺣һŲڤӿȥ
ڤı壬һǧħеľ޴á
ͻȻԨƺ񳱣ӿ벻ڤʵ壬ڤʸоޱȵĻͺ׹ɾ֮УƮƮɡ
һ޼ɵͲı𣿡һһ𾪡
ܵġ
̫Ͱ͵ϣдţ𾳽ʿǿҲ˿񱩵ⲻڤʾںʲôֹǣ
һ̣ʱ·ֹˣǰħ壬ʿȫһգգؿһܣҽ
ܿ죬һյĹ֮ʿвڤʱĳ沢ûг֡
෴ڤʷǵûбңһٷӲ𾳽죬˲𾳽죡
һɺ糱ĿֲƣӲڤʵϯ

֪ںϵֹǣʲôˣ
ǲ쿪ۣҲڤʾȻڤڤ֮ںصֹǣһ罻սҰħҪɨˣ
ڤʵУƽһɳ顣壬Ͷ֮䣬һ̬



1407 
ŲڤϯĿֲѹȫεѣһ
ţڤ˴֮󣬾ȻӲ죬һٷ쾳磡
ڤԭʵѾǳֲˣİ֮УܹǿͥҲֻеһ뺫̫ˣ˭룬ⲻڤʾȻͻƣٳ߸ͷһ
ⲻڤʵֲ̫ˣҲ֪һ뺫̫ܷɱպضɳøӿֲһ
ˣˣһսضǽѪɣʬɽѪ
ʿԣָӿͷ
ͬʱʮħʱƸ߰ÿһȫװħ壬ػеķкſںš
ڤʣޱߣһͳ壬԰
ڤʣޱߣһͳ壬԰
ڤʣޱߣһͳ壬԰
뻮һĺ̺ųĺ飬죬쳹ǧǧ硣
ϲڤʴˡ
ϲڤʴˡ
ʱվڲڤʲԶħͳ˧һֵطزڤʲ벻𾳵졣
ڤʴˣ˵Ѿ֪Լںϵֹʲôˣܷǽ
һ籦׵Ůˣѯʡ
ûڤ档
ڤ޵ƽ׿꣬ҲһؿڤʣֹǣҴ񣬽һصż֮󣬲ջõĹϲкΪֹǣڤ޵񡣡
˵ϵֹǣڤ޵ĳ϶Сûһܹ³ֹǵʵ
׿
ৡ
һʿһܡ̫ϻˡʵڣȫ񣬾
ȵĿ⣬ڤʲɤӣˬһЦһĹۿףֱضŵһ뺫̫֮ǰҵ̺ſĺ֮ҵֻɣȷϡ
ڣ׺ʮɷͨķ֮Ҽȡڲһٲ߾֮Ѿȫȷֹǵʵ
ڤЦԳûжϴںϵֹǣĹˡаֹۡǣ
ȫϢһϣ˵ɫȫٿȻ䣬һ˾һͻŴͣöδܻع
ţ𣿲ڤںϵֹǣȻаֹǣ
а˹ˣ³ˣд˵а۵ѸãΨһͷ­ѹ޼֮¡Ϊʲôڲڤȴ˵ںϵֹǣаۣ
аǴ˵еˣôںϸģҪ֪ʿ벻𾳽֮󣬾ܹʵ겻ˡùа۵ḯࣿ
ڹа۵Ĵ˵ĹżҾù˵ûЩʿ˵ѸࡣпܵΪĳԭķѣɢڸ磬֮С
һզ²⣬ÿһ˵񾭣ʱ˿̶ýģͺϽ˷ĵɡ
ѹֲڤʵ֣ɷͨķ֮󣬿׾ٵػΪģڣտ񱩵ԭڤں˹ˡаֹۡǣɷͨаʩչ˲ģҲаɷͨⲼơɷͨƣ⵽˹˷֮Ȼ˵ǳֲǣ֮ⷴаһУͬԴġȻ˺ںаֹǵĲڤˣ
ԭˣ֮ǰǻһֱɻΪβڤʿ赭дص·֮ԭںа۵ֹǣ
˵һҵϢû뵽伣֮õаֹǣȻң˲ڤʵУ治֪ںаֹǵĲڤʣδöôֲ
˵һսʱ򣬲ڤں۵ı뱾ѪͳɹҲ˰벽۵ľ磡һΣڤں˹а۵ֹǣƷ˵۵ıǻҪ߳üΣ
һڤںһξѪǣڤʽ̲۾磬Ϊ˵е۸֣Ǹʱݹ壬Ҳû˭ܹͥ񣡡
۷׷ףͷ৶䡣
һȻڻԵɺ֮£ں˹а۵ֹǣ
һܿһĭϢٶңû뵽еĻҪö࣡
ⲻڤ壬֪ռǣΪפءĿķǳ򵥣ҪĹɾѪ
΢΢òڤʳɹȡ˹ɾѪôںаֹ뱾ѪĲڤʣ̽۾磬ңΪ۸г͵Ĵڣ
Ǹʱ򣬾ϹŶʯȫӷĹδܹնɱ
ͦǹ壬һʱ侹Ȼ鲻Խز


1408 Ӣ۳
˭ûϵڤںϵֹǣȻǴ˵йа۵ֹǣ
Ϣ˵һجġ

ĸǣ֪ҲڤʵĿֲ˰գڤЦһؿһܣ΢ƣСӣ֮ǰĺһףȴ顣ڣڵأߵҲȻ飡
˵ţڤʵ͵һӣһɰϯԨƺԳŵһܵķϯȥ
ȣ
߾
һ뺫̫һʱӭ
ڤʽ𾳵죬ͷһʱһ뺫̫֮ٶĳޣҲҪС
ϡһꪱŷâÿһâЯͷƤĿֲɱ˲
ڵһܣǻǧƣÿһƶЯ޾Ĳ֮
顭
ʱһҡΣΪ֮𵴡
ۡ
Ŀ֮£̫һˣ뱻˳ȥͺߵķݣƮ䡣
ѹ֮£̫һͷŶƣȻҪѷһ
ܡ
̫ɫϣһĲ˼飬ڤʲǽˣΪʵһôࣿ
֣ҲδĶˣ
һüͷ塣
ʿ̫һܱһɣȫĵð

ǲ񲻽˳죬ңں˴ɱܹģ
ڤһռϷ磬ʱЦޱȵĻޱȵ˷ܡ
ħͳ˧ʮħһӶЦ
ˣƺλǰУ
ǺãҳһɲΪǶǣ
һڵȺУС԰ףҡ
ڤ֣
ٿأڤʴһӣһɿ񱩵ʱϯֱӺ˷ڤ֮ϵķӡڤָֻɡ
ϡ
ڤַһ͵ػûһڹ⣬벻ڤʵ֮С
Сӡ
ڤĦеڤ֣³һԭҪһף㽫ڤͻһ߸ϵ̬ȫûнҷںˣ㲻޷ռҵڤ֣ңƺҪǧͷƽޣ
һˣڤʵͺһֺܿ۳һټądַ׭
dַ׭ƯУ̺޾ܣη
ǣ
һ뺫̫סӣһֵؿ֮ϵądַ׭dַ׭һ뺫̫һּΣյԤС
¡¡
䣬dַ׭۳ΣʼŰ˴ķѹȥ
˴УǧͷƽޣЩǧ໥ɱ˲ءdַ׭͵ѹ£ǧͷ̾ҪһغҲûл֮
ãҵĻޡ
һܺ˿٣ȫⱩͣһɱϯڤʣΪںа۵ֹǣͿΪΪգҶҪնɱ
䣬һ¶˾һ͵
顭
ɲǼ䣬ڰ˴еǧͷƽޣ찧һӦ
ÿһͷƽޣںԶ޵һ˿л꣬Ƴ죬Ա񳱣˲佫˴˿
һʱ䣬֮УɳӿǺ
˴̲ص޾飬˲䱻û޾֮Уһغ
ֲһĻӡ˵֮У˸εѣ־ֿ֡
ţһǰȻǧͷƽޣӶð˴˲䱬ѣǧͳͳΪƷ
һǰۣõŵ¡Σ£Ȼϧǧͷƽޣһɱһǧ˰˰٣
ò˵Ҳ֮٣һǲڤʼĹϷ׭ѹ£ǧͷƽ޶޴ӣ俴ŻƽɥȪһƣ
ʿһ۷׷ףгѪ
ء
˴飬òڤͷһѪǧħе壬Ҳ
㡭ǧ󣬾Ȼڤ޵飬ڤ޵ĸһ
գնɱƽϢµӵŭ𣡡
ڤͷѪɱ
һߣڤ޵׿꣬ڿ˴ȻһɲǣϥһЩ
Ҫ֪˴ڤ޵֮ƽʱһƿأײʾˡ
ǣΪڤڤ޵棬ǾΪ̸۱׿ʸƿذ˴ԣڲڤʳɹ֮׿ͽ˴ƿȨá
ûϵ˴Ȼڲڤʵи֮һ棡
ǣӽڤ޵ڰħеĵλһǧɣ֮۵Ԩ
ȻˣΨһ׿οڤ޵治ڤʵǿֻҪڤܹ˳ȡɾѪ۾硣
ô˵ڤ޵ˣǳΪħ䣬Ҳڻ£
ڡ
Ȳڤ찵ħ幥ļ԰֮ħ嶼ƾӵʱڤ޵ƱؽռһԴΪΪķˮء
һ㣬׸
ȣ
ڤȫֹǣڸոںϵͷ˳۳һƬ󺣣Ƭ󺣷ӿĳˮ֮Уһټądַ׭ɿתţΪ֮ǳ֮ϵ飬׷׼񣬹עڳⷢһžսÿһ飬˫ֺʮܹյʤ
ʿţصʱ̵ˣ
飬սҲԲЭǵļ԰øħ壡
һ͵ػȭͷ
ɱ
̫ȫתת̣ÿһսڲʿȫƴ㾡ȫ׼ӭӲڤʵİһ
ߣҾͲţǽֵ˲ڤʵط׭
ⲻڤںа۵ֹ֮ȻҲõа۵һͨٻ˾춯صĹϷ׭Ըܹ
˿񱩵׾ܹһƬаҲδܹսʤ֮
ˣµҲֻзһˣ
˹һ̩ɽںëΪ˱԰ɥȪҲԹԣ
ڼ˵վ֮£Ȼǰδеɱʿǡ
𽣶ڵսڲ΢΢˫ֱض֮ϵądַ׭˼ǧǹа۴ķ壬ƿصķһޣֻƿصķ壬ڤƺҪһ
ǣڤʸոںа۵ֹǣȻ̳˲ٵķ壬һʱҲ޷ô죬һ㣬ҪԶѷҡ
ԣҲԼһödַ׭벻ڤٻądַ׭ײײĹУܹ񣬴Ӷòڤʵѹɱлҷ𣡡
һ



1409 ͯ
һˣ׵ʱٳɣһΣԴսڲӶ
ʦܣ
Ϊ֮һɵʧ
ַôˣ
ΣĹͷַΪǽ𽣶ͳ˧ΪͻȻְˣ
Īǣַ̰֮ͽҪӣ
ޣַǸǵĺӣȫô̰֮ͽҿַ˷뿪϶ԭġ
𽣶ľӣһ
λи׼ȫһ
üͷ壬һҲûж׵ȥͺһŽ𽣶׼ɱС
Ϊ𽣶ͳ˧뿪ҲˣҲְأô׼𽣶˻ĶɢӶݡ
ʱƱؽΪЦųꡣ
ͬʱҲήʵ
֮У׵Ӱƾճֱ֣һ뺫̫˵ķ׼ԡѪս𾳸΢΢һ
壿
һֽ΢΢һ٣һؿһףȻûϵ׻ʱԵΪͻ
ţ
ǽ𽣶Сô̫ûбһףһ̰СӣĪǿʱ·磬Ҫ˰գ
̫ζ׵Ĳм֮飬֮䣬֮ܡ
һ㶣΢΢һЦûд̫ǽ̤ӡ˵һܵԣǰһƵ֮ߣǰ׼ʣ
һƤһʲô뵽һƵ֮ߣǵһཻѾã׵ƢԷǳ˽⣬´ʱĵһһΪſڿӡ
ϾڤѾڵȫͷ˳ȫһöյądַ׭dַ׭̺Źа۴ķ壬ǳֲ
ʮ𼱵£ƽ۾һĸ𣬸뢣ڣ𾳽ĵһ뺫̫ûʲôƵ֮ߣΨһܹģǱˮһս
һССʥȻԼ뵽һƵ֮ߣܹˮ֮У
δҲ̫ˣ
ʲôСȻ˵ԼӵƵ֮ߣ
̫һܵĻͰ͵ϣɵ¶һĨ˵ЦݣŻư򣬡һЦһԪСһ΢ĶȻһƵ֮ߣ
һΪ׼µ֮ززأ
̫Цһţɫһ壬ǳһܣֽҪץһʱ׼ԿڤʵȫһǱ֪ôСӸʱ䣬ôпΪ֮ɥϣܹ̬ػ
С㣬ϽĻʹɱ֣ˣһҪս۽֮׷ǽ𽣶ǽ𽣶ʮа˾Ѿħˣϲ⣡
̫ըף쳹һھһñӿ
תڲĶʮöսռУڸŵˣȫΪ֮һһƴͬʱ׷ײĿеף۷׷
Ž徿ڸʲôһʥȻһзͷһʱʱս»ֲһ֪Сգ
ŽƢԵһĿˣŵһܵıӻȻӹƶȣս
ŽȻһƵ֮ߣңЦˡаܣѵǰǻۣȲһССʥ
ò˵Žеʱʵ̫Ϊǣˣ
ҾŽ˵Ƶ֮ߡҪ֪Ž컯ɾлԵˣŵʥӣŽıӻ£ŵ԰Ȼġ
ŽǲػëͷСӣȻˣ¾ëë꣬ʮأŽôһԭ򡣡
ˣ۷׷ףʲô۵㶼С
еľʿ׵óȻ֣սǳΪڻȡ衣
Уͦǹ˳ɵĿ⣬Լ̫ȫ֮ˣֻ΢΢̧ͷĿᶨؿһܡ
񣬵һ΢΢üѯʣ壬ݲðءңƵ֮ʲô
׾бһ۲Զĺ̫ǰ˵컯ɾУԵла۵һ²У벻ڤһܹ߶һа۴ķ壬Ȼ˵ƿصķ壬ǲ׺һǣòڤʵĹƻΪޣ
䣬һܾͲɵõһЩӸɳ



1410 ɰ
ʲô
׾Ȼ컯ɾеõ˹ˡаۡһ²У
Ϣֱõһ˴˵ҲЩš
а۵Ĵа
飬˭Ҫõа۵ĴУ
ǣǵһΪصҲûܵõа۵²СȻΪأһа۵Ĳǣаƿصķ壬ȴһŲ֪
аƿصķ塭
һʲôĸ
а˴˵еˣյķ壬ȫ֮ܿܿϣʲô۾ĸ֣ҪüΡ
׾ȻڻԵɺ֮£õа۵һ²УӶƿаһַ壬ò˵׵ĻԵʵ̫ˣ˼ʡ
ãð
壬мɰܹƵУ
һܿһĭһϣؿס
һٶ̧ͷɡ
ɣ
һܽü
һܣ㲻Ŵӵһɺ԰գ
Ϊ˵صʱ򣬶ԣ̫֪˵Ƶ֮ʲôڵһܵķӦеǳ
һܴײͷ৶䣬ƺޱȾò⡣
ǺǣС㾿ʲôƵ֮ߣܹɵİգ
̫ۿһܲԼһתͷŭ׵ϣ˵ͬʱһɿֲѹȶ£ɫһſһѪ
ס֣
һΪ֮һæֵס˺̫ϹĪҪ̫ٸҶһëҵһܱ巢¶ģҪ̤ƽĹźңݣ
䣬̫ɵһ
ͬʱİʿҲΪ֮Ȼ
ţûУһǰȻΪŽ壬ϧ뺫̫а壬Ҫ̤ƽĹźң
û뵽ŽڵһܵĿ˵Ҫַ
ߣϹֿԣ뵱һǰǰĹźףûĹźҼɹܵУǿ罻սĹؿڣµһܾԲ̤ƽĹźҵģ
̫ȡ裬ڷǳŽеƵ֮ߣʲôȻܹõһǰɡ
۷׷ף׵񣬶һ˿ء
¡¡¡¡
ȫ۶ɵ󺣣ϵɾˣһյądַ׭ɱ⣬𵴣ʧɫ
Ѿ˲ݵĵزˣ
ǰҪԥˣҵİȻ󣬵ǣǵİж󣿡׶ͷ
һȫһ
˵û
Ȼ׵İֻɣʮþȡǣ׵Ľ飬ˮһսĳɹж
ýֺͷܹ뵽£һһӲӲ϶ʬɽѪͿ̿ˣδܹ˳ɱħ塣
ã
һ͵ȭͷ׵ļ򣬡Ž壬ҴӦ㣬ǣһҪСģʵڲУΪɽ
һܵ΢΢죬Ϊеؿס
¶ϲᶨص˵ͷģһͬʧģ
ţ
̫һһܴӦ׵Ƶ֮ߣʱЩգһܣҪҺ̫һնħ䣬ʲô鶼һİġ
ڣҪǲСֵƵ֮߾ʲôǾԲ׼һСܻģ
̫ŭ塣
һɫתͷ̫Ƶ֮߷ǳ򵥣ⲻڤʵȫһ˵ȣͳͳ룡
̫ɫ৵һ±ϣһԼģ
ͬʱʿҲһ
𣿽ȻҪǹƥӭսڤʣ̫ˣ
岻ֻһССʥˣڲڤǰȫһֻ΢ϣ񣬾ȻųԣҪǹƥӭսڤʣ
ң̫ˣһûм˲֪ߵغĪԼ̫ˣҪѰ𣿡
ϣһʲôΪ֪ܣĿԴɣ
ޱ𾪡

һܣ㲻˻ʧȥ˻˰ɣһССʥȻҪǹƥⲻڤʣ
̫ڶݵľ֮Цҿʮа˾ǱħˣʹթһֲҪǽȫϣȫëͷСӵϣһḶΪصĴۣ
̫һ࣬
Ժ̫ĳ𣬵һܾĬƬ̺΢΢̧ͷһЦϹȻ䣬ôãⲻڤʰɡ
˵ţʹһɫ壬ߡѣˮ֮аգ
׵ͷһЦʩչӡһ׼롣



1411 ȫ
ţ
һһܴ׾Ҫ룬̫ɵȻһæֹ
Ц
õһܾô赭д뿪ˣƾ身̫ʵڲڤʵľǰֻɥȪķˡ
Ψк̫һ֣ټϾת̰ʿЯֿ⣬пܵ²ڤʵľɱ
ȻִҪСսҲǲԡ
ǣ
̫
ʲô׿̫üͷ΢
һڴӶԿڤʵʱҲҪȫ׼֣ĪеϣһδɵСëϡ
̫
һܵͷ¹ش׸Ҳô
õ˵һ̫ܵͬһţתͷͦǹףɵζһЦڶ͸Ϊˡ
ϣܹ𽣶ˣһһҲܹľģͬʱҲһݱϣ㿴Σ
̫ЦЦؿһܡ
䣬һܲɵΪ֮һһŭؿ̫
Ȼں̫ûбħ򣬴ӶսĻô׵ԿһڤʣȫǿڣɲǼҪһغ
˵֮䣬ޣ̫ͲɥȪء
ֻȻ״Ѱôβ𽣶ȫӴϣ
һԼǧȫɥڤ֣֮ʱ򣬽𽣶Ķ̾ͽ䣬һ֥СɣҲΪҵжд̡
ò˵̫ƣǳô
У
һնسϹôδЩ̫թˣǧټƵһСһʵҲʿЦ
Եһܵѵ⣬̫ɱݵϣȻЩѵ
ȷ̫ЩսթȻ罻սڹϣǧټƵذԼˣҪý赶ɱ˵İ취ͷ֮
Ը⣡
˭룬ں̫һʱ̣׾
Ŷ
̫һȵؿס
壬㣿һĿһ
ҽ𽣶ˣûһ̰ܹ֮Ϊսǽ𽣶ţҽ𽣶ĵӣû˻ӣ
׺죬ȭͷڲһöӺһ

ʱȫһȻȫ׵ľ۷ˡ
𽣶Ӻڣ
սڲըס
ڣ
ڣ
ǧȫװĽ𽣶ˣ׷׻еķɱ춯ء
Ϊ飬Ϊ˱ǵļ԰ǣ
һȣսռзӶԳ׵ķϯȥ
𽣶ǧˣҲûһĳɣһ־ɳǣƺƵطס
һĻͺһĶ⣬ݺݵس˺̫ϣú̫˵
ţǿûУ𽣶ȻҪΪս
𽣶첻ֻһȻҪ縺ԿħΣҲ֪ܲУ
֪Ž徿ʲôûʩչȻü˵ĵһǰ
һսŽɹˣôŽĶˣ˺պս𽣶죬ҲΪڿഫĺ壡
۷׷ףÿһ˵࣬ȫ
ʦ֣
Ϊж޷˷һڵӡ
Ҫ֪һսҲûоԵİգһʧˣ˶ҪΪ֮ᡣʱ򣬽𽣶츶Ĵ۾̫ˡ
ʦܣʲôҪ˵ˡ
ˬʴЦͱ²㾡һҲܹ𽣶췢չһǣҵ۹⣬ҼȻѡΪƽ̴ˣһῴԣʲôľҶѡ֧㣡
׵ļÿһֶ
׸оһůʶؿһͣһоڲС
¡¡¡¡
۶ɵԽ񱩣ƺʱҪӿƬȫ顣

̫ˣͷȻû˿ãȻһδɵĻƿɶòڤʽֱ֣һЦ
ڤЦȫ߶Ԩƺһʤȯյģ
գǰħ壬ҪЩѹһ򾡣
ӣƺѾͶ·ˣȻһСϺ䵱ƣ
ߣһڤʴնɱЩ飬̾ͿԶȡĵ鵤ҩһ룬ЩȲˣ
ʮħһӶЦĦȭ



1412 ðƾ
Ϲҽ𽣶Ѿˣ㲻ҪңϽ
תͷΪѵأЩմĺ̫
ʲô㡭
̡̫
ûĹźҵ棬𾳽Ĵڣ飬˭Ҷߺָֻţ
˭룬һССʥȻſڱտڣǳ⺫̫ǺϹ
ŵһܱӻº̫̾Ҫʹɱ֣׸ǧУˣ
תһ룬Ѿһ֮ˣܿҪڲڤʵУһˣ̫ҲȻˣһʶ
һ֮ˣ첻µز£̫һƽϣֿô
˵ˣеһһԣ㺫̫ɱҲԸж
ߣϣһܹ˵شĻҲս۽֮󣬴̤ƽ𽣶ɽţ𽣶ĵӣȫ²ΪһĹźҵū
̫в
ţʩչƾ˱ܿɳ˼ʮ֮⡣
ͬʱһյľת̣Ҳգɵ˼ʮ￪⡣
أ
һ׵ļûжԣһΣƾճڼʮ֮⡣
ʿƴ
̫һȡ
ʮöڲʿǲҵһȫ߶еķתԪ׼ˮһս
ÿһʿֳһʶעżʮ֮е
Ҳеʿɴǰûһˮˮеľ󣬺ȻڵһƬա
¡¡¡¡
ȫɿ񱩵۶ɵ󺣣ʮ֮Ưһödַ׭һȫ汬̾ҪգתǬ
ž춯ص𽣶ǧˣȫεѣͷŽһ৶䡣
ЦԲ𾳽ľ֣
𽣶ˣò𾳽ĸǰֱһȺСϺףֵһᣡ
ھ޴ѹ֮£ûһ˻ܹ侲
ãûһΪְ̰أɢӴܡ
λһ֣һὫȫҵıռڲ
׵ʱشÿһӵԺ֮Уһ򾲼һľˣԸаο
£ܹˣֻˣ
ƽЩڸĵӣ׵̬ʲôģʱ˿̣ÿһɽŵӣϣ漣
ף漣ĵߣ
ȣ
Ŀ֮£һɫۣԪӿ糱ܿ죬׵ıڲӿһƬɫ󺣣Ƭ󺣣̺ŽѪѪ졣
ܿ죬֮УƬ󺣣һƬȫ۶ɵһƬɽһĽɫ
ò˵ȻƬռݵĿռ޼ǣɢĿϢȴȫһϵĴڡ
ͷŶ󺣣ǰֵһᡣ
ѵǽƵ֮ߣ
ɣȻԼе󺣸ٻˣǣȫ޼£
ָŽˡȻŽǻĹʮеһĴڣǣտҪˣ˭ԳΪģ
ʿУвٶǿͷףǳһЩͬΪһǾΪλ׸ԶԶ˦꿡塣
ǰ׷ѹ򣡡
̫Цһ
ͬʱ֡ҹϷˣȴһ񣬸ҧΪ׺
ʣ׼dַ׭ˡ֮ٻһƬ󺣣ȫ۷ˡ
ҹૡ
ɱӣһҪֳɹƵУ
ֽ罣֣ð
УϣһףٲȻѾΪϣ
Ȼ˵þ˶о̫ףô˵ݵĽɫˮеľ
Сӣ㲻ɱС䣬ʲô֣
ڤȫûǧħ֮УеһԹ
вգұǽ𽣶ס
׵һЦԲڤʵѹȣν治ɫĲ
һӵǵĺӣ
Сӣ·ħʮɣȻ鶼һȺҷô̹ߵŰݣұϴ裬ĻʣΪħһӣħ棬Ҳܹһӽ֮ٻ󣡡
ڤ
䣬ʮħħͳ˧ȫ΢΢һ
ڤǸĿ˵ļһ񣬾Ȼļһλˣң飿
һ¡
ޣҵϵħҲмһˡˣڤʣԸҵĽֺͷῼǸһᣬΪҵһŹϸҵҹ
ԣ֮Ĳˡ



1413 ʱͣ
ȫȻ󲨡
׾ȻڳԣҪòڤʸŹϻҪ׵ҹ
ǶôϬ裿
ŽԵҲʡ͵ĵơ
úãôģ죡
ߺߣǲڤԼǲ𾳸֣Ϊܹ£壬Ž£ֱ쿪
Žȫǵĺӣᱳ壬аħһ
˵ûдڤҲֻ嵹ҹһŹ
ȻҲôڤʣò˵ҷǳ
飬һЦ
˵ʲô
òڤ㵹ҹһŹ
ڤЩûʹȥɭɭҧֱ죬޲ǰ׸ǧУҡ
ò𾳸֣ǿݺǧ˸ҿĴڣԣȱķ֮ͽʥһֻϣܹڤʶ࿴һ۶ҡ
˭룬ֻϣǵڤʵ飬ңڳԣáڤʣڤʱ͵һǴ
һֻϵһŹڲڤ˵޷ܣ
СӣҪ㸶ۣ
ڤʲȻŭûеȶ߶Ԩƺϯ
ȫ۶ɵ󺣣׺Ѱʿһܲ̾Ҫһغ
Ƭϯգƫеس𽣶һڵû˵ĸоͷ·Լǿ籩еһƬҶСʱпܵ㡣
ۡ
ʦ壬ǡ
ֲ̫ˣַܹΪ𣿡
𽣶ǧӣۿϯ£һʧɢͯǳ
գ
׼һʱһӣһεϯֱӽڵһ˵ȣȫԼıڲ֮յضһ١
䡭
ͬʱ󺣵룬һöյądַ׭תһεѹϯգԲǧȫס
ȻһطԼӣͺʩչʯһȫá
ͬʱʮ￪ĵһ뺫̫ˣҲɫ䣬о׹̶жٻ
ˣⲻڤʴ߶ĹϷ׭ȻлҪֲö࣡
⣬ʿȫˣûа취ַ
Ϊ˵еĹˡаۡķ壬ȫЩϺзܹģ
ĪǰնҪڴ𣿡
תڲʿȫ״һ໲ҺкѪγϡ
죬ʩչֵѹ
̫һһʱ߶ꪣɱ⡣
ͬʱתڲһŷԱ⣬ϯ죬һڵ˷糱
һ̣Ŵң
ʿȫɢһߡصʱ̣û˻ע׵
ʵϣϿյĹϷ׭ʼеʱʿѾ׾ˣνң
ʣ̶ֳȵĹ˳£׾ͿԻûܹ
ֻԪ쾳Сˡ
Ž壬Ѫ繯
޾ѹ֮£ȫȼڵľѪͼԼ»صԼƿ֮С
ȥֻأ
ͬʱڲһöȭͷСıڲϯһ޾ܣȻǰٻڳ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲ˣǵص˳ͷֶ£һֱӽĻָ˷顣
˳Ҫ׸׽ɱʱ̣׶ˣָ΢΢һ£һ£Ȼ㹻ȫת壬֮мһԼĪϴСądַ׭
ˡ
dַ׭һΣϯһķ򲨶ԭӿ˳ַ򲨶赲£׷ɢ١
ȣ
׵ͺһ߶Ņdַ׭ƯԼͷϷʱ˽Ӳ˲ָж
ͬһʱ䣬յądַ׭Ȼգڵѹ
ҧͷһڱѪԼٻądַ׭ȾɺһƬţ˫˶ϵķ򲨶֮Уͺеһ«έŴذڶ
ڣյądַ׭ЯԨƺ˳ûڵգ⼸ʮճױѣʱղȣɳ糱
Ҫ
һѽѣѪ



1414 ˫ֻ
˵һǷǳ׵ģԣӦսڤʣ˷ǳľĵġ
ˣһҲ׵İȫǳǣΪԷһش߶׼֮ݵʱ̣Ԯ״ˮоȳ
ζûԤ⵽϶صądַ׭ڷתʱ򣬻˲ǧգеһжֹͣ˶
Ȼǲ𾳽ĵһܣ˫Ҳо׹̶һжٻ˵Ǿˣڵĵһܣȫѱ
Сӣô
ߣǻã
̫ȫתꪵͬʱֳһʶע׵ڿȫûɵ󺣸ûʱɵЦһţȫ߶еĵ׼ӭԨƺ񳱣ԼĪĹϷ׭
վֻԱˡ
ԸȫûĻһսʧ̫ˣ
̫һ
ͬʱԨƺ֮УһȫɫӰ˲ûһ˽ɫıǹ͵һԴԨƺ֮
ȣ
һȣƽһըף쳹գ˲Ŀ⡣
ţǿ쿴ŽȻû
Ž徿ôģȻ񳱵Ű֮£ܹˣ
ֲ̫ˣţŽ϶ʲô
ԸŽӵƵ֮ߣĻ½һ֣֮
ʿһզпӿֳһ˿ϣ֮顣
һߣħͳ˧һĿؿ׵Ӱһʱ
ʲô
ֻϣȻܹҵ񳱣
ڤһױ񳱸ûûüأһɵؿˮס

ڤʣһҵ
׺˿٣ȫ壬̧֮ϣȻһԲ̴СĹϷ׭̺ſֲķ򲨶
ȥ𾪵ǣ֮ϵĹϷ׭Ȼ벻ڤĹϷ׭һޣһödַ׭
ֻٻądַ׭ֻԲ̴С̺ķ壬ڤٻądַ׭Ҫѷɫöࡣ
ˣҲʿһ
ǿ쿴ŽȻһöͬĹϷ׭̫ˣ
ڤڻԵɺ֮£ں˴˵а۵ֹǣŵԼ̳еһֵķ壬Ӷһöյądַ׭ǣŽ壬ǺεºܣȻҲܹһöһģһķ׭
ѵ˵Ž壬ҲõһӶ̳а۵²УԲܹͷųͬĹϷ׭
ܣԲܣа۵ĴУΪ϶أʲôèܹõģ뿴òĵһܣԼںаֹǵĲڤʣɶǲ𾳽ĸ֣񣬸Ե죬ŽһСƾʲôõа۵ĴУ
ô˵Ǵʱ˿̶һϵƣĵϣܹ˳ƵУΪľ
תڲڸʿȫզпؿ׵ķ
̫ˣ廹ţ
һһˮף鲻Խؾȭͷ֡
ں̫Ǳʩչ˶һվԭأſڽ࣬һŸɱݵͺƱˮ̹һϺϺġ
ܣС֣Ϊʲôܹ
ң벻ڤһģһĹϷ׭
̫ʶſˮ
ò˵ʱ˿̵ĺ̫ǳøӡ
һ̫ǳϣڲڤʵУϣܹ˳ƳڤʼĹϷ׭ʿ
ּΪìܵһú̫ʮʹ࣬գ̫ܹ벻ڤͬھһں̫˵ǽԴϲĽ֡
һжǺ̫һԸˡ
һ̣ǰħ壬ʿȫȻ֪׵Ƶ֮ߣеһö̴СĹϷ׭ˡ
ֻٻĹϷ׭ڤٻĹϷ׭ʮǧƾƿصķ壬ܹΣ
ȫ㷣Ϣ١

У׳۷ɣ˿٣˵עĿž޲һȫеĹϷ׭Ư֮ϵӴ׭
ȥֻһѪɫĹâһţţ̴Сķ׭͵غյӴ׭֮ϣƻײձɳӿ
һ޵ķ壬ҵسײһ𣬸˵ĸоͺ˫ֻһʱѷֲ١



1415 д
Ȼö϶صķ׭̺ͬķ壬ǣеĲ𿰳࣬һεĴڡ
ǲ֪ߵغСһ
ȻҲ֪εõа۴еģǺȻܹƿصķ壬ҪʮǧƾӵҲ۵䵱ҿͽЦˣ
źȻײöϷ׭ڤ޿֣һʤȯգƿؾƵ̬
Բڤʵĳȫᣬն˫˵ȫһֹµķ֮С
ⲻڤʸոյõ򴫳Уڷãȫһ֡
ڣҾҪƾƿصķ壬񣡡
һʶ̴Сądַ׭һá
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲飬ͷŶądַ׭յĹϷ׭ĺ֮£Ӧѡ
ͻһĻж׻һ˿ϣ飬пһ̾Ϣ
ʿ׵ķ׭ױ飬ٲȻһŤתƣɹƵС
һ뺫̫ˣȴĿ˸˸һգգضնףһԲ
Ȼͷã׭飬÷ɢҳһţҪ񣬳ɰܾڴһ٣

Уӿȵ񳱣Ȼ׹ž޲Ǹ񵭰Ȼ״̬ͺ﹡˵ڡ
׵Ժ֮УŹ϶صķ壬ָоǳƻã߿߸˿ıҪսսѰ·
ڡ
ȣ
͵˫һ̣ͨ
ʱѿķ壬һֶضصɶӿһʼ
ˡ
֮Уһεķ򲨶תɳӿ𵴡
ƺʲôȫĿһصȴš
εķ򲨶ӿӴĹϷ׭ܿʹ͸յąd֣١
ţ
΢΢˫ضǰҴܣѵҡʧ𣿡Ķҡͬһʱ̣һɽѵıԴ
顭
Ӵądַ׭֮ϣһĹ֣ƾչѿȥԭ̺޾ذ壬һ̣һصɶ֮У÷ӻң߻ħʿһܿҪѣѪ
ۡһԶеĲڤʣͷһīѪһضԶľöδܷӦܣСӣȻʹҵĹϷ׭˹񣬷˲Ҳˡ
һˣڤʻæ߶ƣԴԴϵĿֲϯͼϷ׭Ҳķ壬ȷĹ
ϧڤںаֹǣŵõһضϵķ塣ⲿַ壬аۣȴڲڤʣڤȻܹ߶ǣûȫƿش죬ҪҷٲȻǿѡ
ͺһֵƲӣͻȻһÿӼвˣȻҲܹǿǣǳ裬ʱʱὫסĲ˵ڵء
ҪһƲӣһÿӼвˣҪõһ죬һݣȻǳ롣
ǿ쿴ŽƺɹùϷ׭˹񣡡
ԭŽ㣬һʼ˵Ƶ֮ߣһ̣ʱĿãͶء
̫ˣܹΣʱ̣ܹ侲Ϸ׭йԾԳˣ
ԸŽܹΪʿľ
תڲڸŵʿһɴ˫־ϲżʮ￪ս
¡¡
¡¡
ܿ죬ϵķ׭֮ϣһըڿʼ֮ȻѾȫ˲ڤʵĲٿء
һʼңԨƺ񳱣ҵķ򲨶֮£ɢŽӿ˿ռѷ֮Уת١
УƺѾƿزסˡ
ǧСӣҶҪǧУң
ڤʲҺһȫµãٴγ֩Ƶѷ죬ɢȻϷ׭飬òڤش
ڤ̵ĵơɭ׵ƣҲð޹⣬
顭
޾ıըУձɳ糱ǵضĽ񳱣Χǳ񳱵ĺ֮£ʱķѣΪǿ֮еʯĿĵƮš
ǿ쿴Žĳɹˣ
ţ⾪춯صսҶģ
Žǵľ
һս峹ǣħ壬д˴棬漣
񳱳ɢϷ׭Ӧѵͬһʱ䣬ʿʱ糱զп



1416 ħ
Ҿ˵һܹɹģ
ɽһڵսڲϷϲ
ΪĹʮеһĴڣɲ岻УĹżڵսڲԼ¸صųϣ˫ַ˵ʲôţϴԲʧֵģ
ҵļ뷢԰׵ĳϣһԶԣٲȻѾ׵ıָˡ
һսֵۣһ̨ףپһһ˵ͷˣţֶ֮Ϊ׷ľǧľˡ
Ĺŷڵսڲֽе罣Ŀ˸˸
һĹŶټҵĸ߲㣬ߵ̫ΪֵĻƢ̫ĳҡţ֮󣬼߲ǵֽãй
ҹдϲ
壬Ȼûʧ
һ־ϲضǹͦӰڵһʱݲǰӵ׵ǰ
ǰ
׳ɹ˲ڤʵľһпϲӶĵһܣһõЦݡ
壬һս˺պսĽȥ֮һټͳ˧ú㣡
һһ֣ص׵ļ˫֮ɫ
նħÿһΣģҳݡ
ʮǫѷ˭룬һڣƺһֱһģЩ׹ϯɳ֮С
壬ôˣ
һܻæ֣׸סͬʱһɾԪ׵֮У׵塣
΢΢̧ͷѵؼһ˿ЦݣǰҴ˷˷Ȼ˲ڤądַ׭Լƿصķ壬Ҳش
ڶ֮ڣ޷ٴ߶а۴ķˡ
װ̾һ
һɫϾ¶һĨο֮ɫ壬뵣ǡ˵Ϊ帶Ѿ㹻ˡͺú˰ա
ڲڤʣѾʧȥצͻͽǺˡ
һܵ
޿κεص˵ͷ
ʱ̫ʩչسɴͨһ˵ԣһӵؿס
ò˵̫ûϵܹⲻڤʵȫһġ
֮ǰ̫װٰ㳰޲𽣶ȫɥȪһ
˭룬̫еС䣬Ȼɹһ漣ʿˮ֮˳
νǹ
Ȼ˵һ¡ں̫˵ȴһĶ⣬ǿݵϡ
䣬Բڤ޲ߣһԪȻɹش˲ڤʣ
ú̫޵ݡ
Ϲ˼ʧˡ
̱ڵһܵĻУĿƳɫĺ̫ζһЦ
ʹ̼ú̫ΪЩһѪ˳
Уħͳ˧څdַ׭ĵһʱ䣬˲ڤʡ
ڤʴˣôˣ
ڤʴˣս𣿡
ħͳ˧һȵؿڤʡ
ȫ޹Ĳڤʣѵҧأһһٵ³˼֣Ҳڤʣֻأƴδδ˳ս
һԼıɱһȻһϰСˣԼشڤʾѵҪһطȥĸо
ˣˣ
ûбҪսȥˣҴսܵشҪ̽Ļ֮ҪڶӢۺɾѪǳˣ
ħ̳سǣԱ֮ߣ
ڤӴĹǼܣħ֮£ˢһͭŹڲͷħͭŹףͷҲصسųǵķȥ
ħ壬̳ˣ
ħ壬̳ˣ
ͳ˧һһػͭŹΧ粽롣
ǿ쿴ڤƺѾشսˣڣȻһɥ֮Ȯ֮ززˣ
죬ǳʤ׷һҪħϾɱ
׻˵նݲ紵ǿɲ飡
תڲڸʿӵ̫ĺҰһȿֺسħ׷ɱȥ
ӣͬͬ⣡
һ΢΢˫ԶмӴܵĲڤħͳ˧ɵһЦ
䣬һܵ˫֮УӿһϢĿֲ
䣬䡭
ƳգԺھͷħϣӦըֲϯ̺ŲϢǧٿǳ顣
ء
ͷħ˺üȦ
ڤʴˣߣϺ󣡡
ħͳ˧ת׼ˮһս



1417 ܱ
ɱ
ǧħˡ
ҪħϾɱ
УȥϻˡסӢ۵ĴƸһӿʮħ
񣬲ڤشٲȻѾսʹħʧȥĹǣҲûӭս̼䣬ͻûһȺɥ֮Ȯ̵ֻسųǵķӶݶȥ
Щħ壬ô׵ĴӸӢۺܵƤӵ֮زز
οϻˡ׵˵УŴ˵еĵ
顭
һıȿֺعĤĴͳ˧֮£Ϊ˻֮ʦ׷ɱʮħ塣
ܿ죬ʮħͱɱöף˲ءУѪɣʬɭɭ
ЩһȻҵָӣֱӴгˡ
̫һȫʧأ̡
ԭȫת֮Уɺ̫ǲһ̫ȫ⽫նɱħĹͣȫĹźҵ
ħķŵжԵǰֵ
ǡ
ȫʧأսһţ̫䣬ͷΣȴȫܿˡ
ˣȽڤնɱȡڤʯǣ
̫һڣţһԾ޾ԪӿԳŲڤʵķϯȥ
󣡡

ħͳ˧һ˶ĺ̫ٶȹʼʩͼ̫ڤȡʱ䡣
ϧǣħͳ˧ҪԵĵˣֻк̫һˣеһܡϻˡ׵ȸӢۺܣ
սһʼȫֳһߵ̬ơ
ħͳ˧֧ûãͱնɱλһ籦׵ŮˣԼڤ޵峤׿꣬Ǳһܸɹ²ˡ
ڵһܵĲķӡ£龳ħͳ˧ͺǱ˸ʩչ˶һȫá
ӡ
ٲӣҲֻ·һ
Ҵλħͳ˧ٲȻһϢֻ֮£æʩչûһħƾʧ١
֮壬⣡
ʱͷħͭŹףѾɹ˳ڲ̱ͭŹеĲڤʣŭһӶŹâֹǣȫͷųһεķ
ʱεķ򲨶ϯûһöödַ׭Űշӡϯȥ飬ܿ죬һöödַ׭ͳ˰շӡ֮УǵһݺἸĿ޸ңӹ˰շӡķƾ˺üΡ
ˢˢˢ
ʱһ뺫̫ϻ˵ӰȻִﳤǵػ֮⡣ڿȻһµػ֮󣬲ɵ
ڤںϵȻѾȫһգңƿصķ壬Ҳشһֻûצͻû뵽ԼһֹϷ׭޸ػ󣡡
ʵǣ˹Ϸ׭ӳֵİշӡѾһɳ죬֮ǰػҪ͵ö࣡
ˣΣҪƳƣħϾɱһһ԰
̫һܡϻ˽Ƭ̣ʱһȫ߶еĵҴ
䣬䡭
顭
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡ
ƾ̫ϻˡһܵιػ󣬴ҲͽǾҲ£鼸öϷ׭֮⣬Ȼһµİշӡ𣬸ûпԳڡ
ţ
ⰵշӡڹϷ׭ӳ֮󣬷Ȼﵽ˾˵ĵز
̫һţȫ߶ꪣԹƣ
ˡаۡƾŲɷͨӡˡаƿصķжôֲǲڤںа۵һֹֻǣ˵Ҳõһֲؾ˷Ϸ׭УӳػϣЧ
ϻĵ
ӣֻȡˣһ˼һ뵽һ취
ⰵշӡֻ飬Ӱħ塣ֻҪһܵˣסһħ壬ħıУͿ׾ٵض볤ڲڤʸϾɱ
顭
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻٶȳˡ
֮Уʮİħ壬ػɱ֮ǰ˳ڲʣʮҴħ壬ȴȫ赲ػ֮⡣
ƾħγײԲ밵շӡһ
ڤʴˣǧǰ
ڤʴˣڤ޵ĵӣĹǧܼȰ
ڤʴˣһͨǽȥգ
ػ赲ħ壬һңɤ˻ƵذţϣڤܹԮ
ϧڤȫΪ
ЦҪĴһͨȻܹħ壬ǣһܡ̫ˣ϶Ҳ롣ʱ򣬲ڤʵĴͷǳΣˡ



1418 ֮ⲻھ
֮£ڤֻʹʮİħˡ
ҪȻħ嶼ҪΪ֮ᡣ
ڤĺ
ӢңŲֻʮħ壬ܿͱΧɱɵ΢΢˫
ɱ
ħ壬գ
ǲһ̣Ӧ뵽ôһ졭
ʿȿֺնɱħ壬Ȧеǡ
һʱ䣬ѪˮɣʬǱҰ
ҰħηҪȻҲʱʱ̿棬ռļ԰ˡڤЦ
ħ壬ҪѪսף
Ҫħ嶪ˣ
ʱڲҴħͳ˧ɵôһ
һƴˣ
ܶɱһǰħˣҲܹһЩ
ɱ
ħͳ˧ļ£ʮİħ壬ܿͰ˱˵һҪಫ
Щħ壬ܹҲֻʮˣڽΧ£ܿȥ
һߣ̫һܡ׵һڸ߲㣬ۼһһ̲ͣŶԲߡ
ӦǺãѵûа취볤ڲˣ
̫ȲҪȡڤʯʱ֮⣬þͺȹϵϡ
塣
һתͷԶе֡
𽣶ǧˣػ׵ߣһٻ𽣶˵ӵ׷һܡ
ǰ׹˹֡
ڤڰշӡϼӳ˹Ϸ׭Ǽֺ㿴ûа취󣿡
һһϣؿס
ৡ
ͬʱʡס̫ˣȫˢˢؿס
ǰһһԪС϶ʿΪ֮𾪡
ڣûһ˸еȣΪףѾȫ֤ԼӮԼء
ҿ
΢΢üʩչѰۣշӡ
ڳĺ̫ϻˡסʵˣȫصȺԣʼգû߶ףԵ÷ǳġ
ڡ
ԼĪһյĹص̾һ³һ
ҲΪˡ
̾Ϣ
һܡ̫ɤ۵࣬ʱء
ûпڤʼĹϷ׭հٷ֮ʮϵĹƣԣҪ󣬱Ҫӳڰշӡ֮ϵĹϷ׭ȫ顣

˻
ԣ̫ʡ׵ˣɵӿЦ
ȥӳڰշӡ֮ϵĹϷ׭˵Ҳгɰǧ֮ĹϷ׭Ķôȫ飿
Ҫ֪֮ǰ̫㾡ȫ߶ꪷ˰һҲöϷ׭˶ѡ
ζʲô
ζöϷ׭ͿԳס̫İһ
Ȼӳڰշӡ֮ϵĹϷ׭ȴгɰǧ֮࣡
ٸ̫ĸ֣ͬʱһϣ
ʣǲܵġ
˾ǣڲĲڤʣʱصػûĹϷ׭ӳڰշӡ֮ϣ
ҪӲǾԲˡ
̾Ϣ
壬ǹʼʩ߶壬ǲǿüӳػϵĹϷ׭뱬飿
ϻĴһ˿ҡ
ԣһɬҡҡͷС֮ǰһսƿصķ壬Ѿشʱ޷ٴη˵ˣȫָҲ޷ٹʼʩˡ
Ͼ÷ǰ͵Ϯ֮ǰڤûзڷƿҲǳ裬˿ɳ֮ڤ˷ڷƿҲ죬͵Ϯɹȫǳ롣
˵ˣӳڰշӡ֮ϵĹϷ׭൱ɢ޷һݻ١
ɵط
䣬ʡϻˡ׵ȵڸŵ䣬ȫ̾һЦ
ǺãѵؿħڳǰӪկ
ҧгݡ
ֹ۰ϻ˳޷ȥڤȴʱԳΪǸŵܲʱʱ̿ڳ֮Ⱑ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ԡ
ʱһһ;ԳųǵķХڤʣ㲻ػҲԡһס
ף
΢΢һ
ڲĲڤҲһؿһܣףʲôף
ҽħͳ˧㣬㽫Ѻĳһ峤̫ϳϣǣΣ
һ̽

ҿ֮ⲻھư
ڤЦ˼һͲµ˵һܵĿġ



1419 Ů
ǳԣһͼ׵ĿģһҪȳһ峤̫ϳϵˡҪû볤ڲڤʸϾɱ
ڤʾ˼ǸϽ׾ӵĽڣǰȻ޷Ч
ڤʣĿڤ޵峤ĥȥ𣿡
һһһ׶̵ٿع׿ڲ׿˺
׿굹ҲһӣƾһѪ֮ش󣬽ѪģȴأҧȻ
ܿ죬һܾٶһһε׿ľһӲ֮С
εרŹ꣬һӿ׿У׿ȫзʵ
棬ҡ
ܿ죬׿͵ֵסгѪذ
ס֣
ڣڶݵĳĬ֮󣬲ڤҴӦ㣬нסǣһ
һüͷһʲô
ҪҷҲԣǣ뽫Ž͹䵱ʣһĳ̫ϳϡڤĳħͳ˧ƾǴá
˻
䣬ȫһ
ߣû뵽ڤʸںħͳ˧ǻһǰȫڶţ٣
һڤʣµȻնɱ壬ӶԳһڶر֮ͽ
ޣŽľṰֽ佻ħ壿
Žʣڤó¾㲻ڤʽȫɱˣһǰҲԸ
һʱ䣬ڸŵʿȫ۷׷
пһ΢΢촽
ѾΪ˲ڤʵджˣ޲̽նɱйͷ֮ޣ׿Ц
ﲻڤʣɲһ飬οײû̫ʱ벻ڤʿ⡣
ڤʣ㲻Ҫˡ
һܼûԥЦһȫûн׵ĳˡȻˣұ˳⣬ħͳ˧͵
˵ţһһһѸۡ
ڤʴˣ
ڤʴˣɲܽǸ²ܰ
ħͳ˧ƴ׵ĸһɱĺ
ãҴӦ㣡
ڤʰ̾һʥĵλԲСڤҪƾͽأǳ롣
ǱѪģˣСڤʵ
û⡣
һܵͷӦ
ܿ죬һ벻ڤʵʹһ£ͳһ˽ʵķңѪġ
峤̫ϳϾҪָ֮ô
̫ˣȻûܽħһ򾡣ܹ峤̫ϳǶָ֮Ѿˡ
˵һǰΪֹú̫Ȩ¸ǳһ˥һľֻҪȡڤʯ
һУ˶һ־ϲؿڲ
Ҫָ֮ˡ
ȺУӣ΢΢ϸ顣
ˣ
ڲڻڲڤʵָʾ֮£ܿͽһ߰˸߲ӹѺؾѺ˳һˣϢ١
峤
̫ϳϡ
һˣһѺ峤̫ϳϣһʧ
ȥգ
ǵػ֮⣬һڿ֮󣬺ɣţһֱӽӡ˵ħͳ˧˳ǡ
ˢˢ
ڤʷӦѸݣһöƴСądַ׭ʹػڲӳħͳ˧ǰ
˅dַ׭ļӳ֣ħͳ˧Ǻ谭ģʹԽػ󣬶˳ڲ
һé޵ʯͷֳӲÿձħĥ˲˹Ͻһؾڸ߸ңϧ
һŰħĺڻݺݵһڣˣܹպħ¾ûôˡ
˵ţڲڤʵָ£߰˸˵ĳˣȫ˳֮⡣
峤
̫ϳϣ
ʱһˣӵܿͽ峤߸̫ϳϸΧһţһӵȺС
ף
ᣬһ뷢԰׵߻УһΪⱲҲˣԴħҳǲ跹˼ߣÿնܹžۣγˣء
ѣ櫵ؾۣʱԿ½



1420 ﻢ
ҵĺŮˣⲻǺúõ
һ峤ظŵ櫵ͷ
Ÿ״ֲڵƣԼͷĦţһʱ޵øˡ
ʿʱȫۼһźޣȫ˼ĵ櫡
λˣлΪһһУҵϺһڴ˰лˡ
һ峤һȦһݡ
£Ϊ
һлͬԮ
һ峤Ϻ깪ݣڳĳˣʱҵһָڳʿ
񡣡
̫ˬһЦԲȺ˵Ϻ˵ǰҺ̫Ϊ䣬˷ͳʿǰնħ뽫ħһ򾡣˭δԸֻǳһܿˡ
̫ļƣͽԼݸ֪˳ƺһ峤̫ϳϵܹþȣȫĹһ
һ峤Ϻ꣬һǰĿ߾ȻǻĹźҵ溫̫Ǵ˴նħ䣬ʱһݣݼ棬Ϊ
˵ţչڵأ̫ͷлӽҳһԸ׷Ĺźңǰ󣬺Թԡ
ʱҴĳˣȫȻڵأ̫Ҿ
Ⱥ룬̫ݵϵһĨȻЦ⣬ҪڴӦϺ󣬽һ岢Ĺźҡ
˭룬ʱһѽչ򵹵ĵϺףҸ˵һܹþȣӦøлˣһǵһǰһŽ塣
ǿӲקؽϺ˵һ׵ǰĺ̫һߡ
ò˵ú̫棬Щ޴š
ڵ櫵Ļȴ޷
˵ûһаսһ˷ӵøǳһҪлӦøлǵһס
µϺ꣬λ˿ͷлˡ
ϺһǰĸߴӣʱϥһҪߵŰݡ
ڵһܵһ˿ν˲֪˲Ȼһ峣סƫԶ򣬻ǳķաڵһܵ¼ŵġ
ǵһΪ˰ף뺫溫̫еĿһսʱ˿̵Ϻ껹һԺС
һ˵ǰӣǴ˵еĵһܣΪһ峤ĵϺ꣬û˿ԥ׼ߵŰݣʾ˸ߵ֮顣
ȻڵϺĿУһҪȺ̫ΪڳһİҲȫߵŰݡ
˭룬ûȵϺڵأ׾һϺǰ鱾һˣȫҳݡ
һΪȻص˵ͷһӻͳһѹҩݸ˵ϺλϢٵ̫ϳϣЩƵľžŴ󻹵ǸϿȥָԪ
ŵϺϢһһĹС
Ϻһ㶣ضŵһܵݹĹҩöû˵
Ϊһ峤ϺҲ龳֣ǸӲȴ鲻Խйᡣ
лǰ
ϺµһĹҩַ߸̫ϳϣ̷ȥܿɫתٿһܵ񣬳޵ĸм
ò˵ڸ߸ϵĺ̫ƽ׽˵ĵһףҪ£ģóһ˸м㡣
ߣ
̫ҧأΪˬбһһܣһ̡
ˣΣڤʮħפڳڲȴ̤볤ǰ벽˵һǳвϽһȫ߲֮У
̫
ʱڳʿȫ˼⣬һüͷ
ڤʵʵ̫ǿˣݹ壬ܹסˣָǺһܴŰפڳΧĻ׼ڤʳû룡
ĳ
ⲻڤںа۵ֹǣδǱҪ콫ɱѿ״̬Ǹ㹻ʱϢ½û֡
ϻͬʶ̬Ͼ
棬н𣿡һϣؿ档
ô˵涼ǻʯϹŶ˵ܹһȫ֮ʿͶء
˫ڴ۾ˢˢضԼ̫ɵ΢΢üһʱЩڸ
ڣŤ˰Σص³һҿפڳΧԷһͬʱӣټˣͿɱ볤ڲˡ



1421 
˷׷׵ͷ
̫뷨νйоأƺҲֻһӦ֮ˡ
˴̾Ϣ޲ߵʱ̣һܾɤ̺֮һɳ飬鷳ߡ
ԣڳʿĿ⣬ȫͶ˵һܣÿһʿУȫ͸¶һĨ⣬ʮֺ档
̫ˣһǰа취
ΪصĵһܣǸǴϲ
һܾʲôơ
ʡסӢ۵ˣȫһϲؿһܡ
ˣʱرһ¡
ͶĿ⣬һܰ˰֡
˿
ʴһһȵشʵˣԶԶ˱ܿ
ţڸŵʿҲڸͳ˧Ĵ£Զ˱ܶȥ
һܣɾǶϷȰ㻹˼Сɱǧˡ
̫֮ǰΪζһ
һһٶ̫ķͷú̫ͷʵò˵ú̫ǳջ
ں̫Ѿһ£һܲɷ˵ؽ䳹Ʒ
ܿ죬ʿȫ˳˼ʮ￪⣬һɫڴңԶա
Уһն˫·׷ɣƺһּΪͨؼ
СӣƾҲͼ볤ǣˡҿ㻹ǸϽ뿪һָ˾Ԫһ򾡡
ڲڤʶݺݵһ䣬ȴǷǳɵ
ԲڤʵĽһ˿ᣬܿ죬һӡҶ飬ȥоŸӡÿһӡ̺޾ĲϢ˲ֱӡ
ֻǣ˶еΪǣһܵŸӡǳŰշӡҶȥǳϯȥ
ǿ쿴һǰƺҪɷͨշӡˣ
֮ǰѾ֤ˣһжڲڤȫЧңڤʵľΪȫԾĹΪ
Ųڤʿ϶ԼľϣǾĿԴɣ
ڸŵĸ߲㳤ϣҵţڵһܵΪȫоɶͷԡʿȫԵһһĪġ
ܿ죬Ÿӡʧãã
ڲڤڿһܵľٶʱɵЦСӡĪҪɷͨ·֮շӡ󣿡
ò˵һεذһæ
һΣֻҪٵõЩϺзҲûһ˿һĻˣ
ڤһİȻ
һܵһЦֶһı鿴ڤʣڤʣĪҪ̫硣Ҳǰ㣬һһ֣֡ǳԽۼĹϴڣ
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʿһĿɿڴԼĶ䡣
𣿵һǰȻһۻҪǿİ֣
ⲻܣ壬۶ûУ۳Խ۾Ĵˣ
һǰʲôӣ
־ɡ
Īǣǡ
̫һ˫ǵϻУӹһĨ⣬ĿնĬ
СӡѵΪҲڤŴ𣿡
ڤʶڵһۣܵȫмһˣҿǾ˼֮У˭̸ܹ۱
ҪܹһۻҪĹϴڣôҰħ̴ظҲ̤벽
ڤһ޿ֵģ
ʱһһţܿ죬һʱȥˡ
ÿһԭڴˣЩ겻Ψֶĵһܣһţδҡ
ಡ
ʱһ۵΢⣬˲ʿע⡣
ǿ쿴ˣ
ףѵһһۻҪĸ֣
Ǻǣ˵۸ĸˣһ벽۵ĴڣԽɱڤʣڲİħһ򾡣
۷׷ס
ڵһʱʩչѰۣ΢⡣
һӰȫŵ΢⣬ӡʿ
˾ǣͷ棬ĺݣϴһէһͺ֮б˺Ķһĸַɣ
ף˺֣ȫûһϢƺһˡ
һˣƾʲôųƱۻҪǹϢ
һ֣һǰܵģҿʼЩɵһǰеĸ֣Ƿʵˣ
ÿһʿڿ˵ĵһ֮󣬾һ죬۷׷ס



1422 λػ
۷׷ף˵ݱʾǿҵɵͬʱһȴǼ𾴵˵ǰ񣬡ݼʦ𣡡
һĻУͺһȫΪ֮һ
ţǿûУò𾳽ĵһܣȻ˵ͽܣ
ӣ˲¶ʲôȻܹΪһǰʦ𣡡
һܵʵݣأû뵽һʦƺһܽ׼Լĵϸˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؿԶա
ҲǸ߹㣬֮ʣſȣƽʱ򲻿ɽԼݸ¶𣿡
ڵˣŹݵĵһܣЩ֮⡣
ͽˣ
һٶһݣԽʦҴ˷ǰҲΡħ棬˷ǳв
ڳڲĲڤʣȻڻԵɺ֮ںа۵ֹǣƥݹ壬ܹ俹ʿָ
һγ̺ǿҵĿ֮⣬ɱƱؽ֣֮
ԣڵ߲ɵԸв죬ǺǣһΪǺηʥ޲ߣҪҳɽԭǲڤСһ
ҾǣڤʾȻԵܹںа۵ֹǡ
ҡҡͷɫ䣬ɤأ䣬ͽѵ֪ǰħ壬飬Ҷ𣿸ɱκһʿˡͼڤʣΪ屣ݻҴˡ
һһһǳɫЩᡣ
˻
ʱ˿̣ʿһȻ󲨡
ˣȻ˿ûнڤʸƺ˼ĲڤʣҲֻһé®СǺôĿ
Ȼ˵Ŀܴ󣬵Ȼǵһǰʦ𣬿һЩҲġ
˾Ǻηʥƺնɱ𾳸֣ǽӪ˵ֵħˣɱ棬ħϾɱҲûпܡ
ŵʿͣȫڴ˵
֡
ϻ˰ɷ֪һܵʦǺηʥ
ʿЦҡͷҲǵһ˵һһʦ𡣲˵̸£ҵ뵽һֿܡ
ʲôܣ
ϻæ׷ʡ
˵˵Ϊصҡҡͷ㻹ȥʵһܰգҪԸ˵Ȼ㡣
ϻüͷһ壬һҲûٽ׷ʡ
һߣ̫Ƶ˫УһֵضԶеˣŵɫݴԭˣеһǴ˵еǸ
˵һΪλᶮòԭ˴ģһ룬Ȼʡ
̫զпӿһĨ
ƺڵ֪˵һܵʵ֮󣬷ǳİա
ȻһܵĿɽǳĿֲǻĹźҵ溫̫Ҳʮּɵ
ʦ𡣡
һһȫûгֵ˼ʱȹϵϣתʦ𣬽ǲ֣ôҪ˶ãڤʾͻȡɾѪʱ򣬼пܲ۾磬Ϊ˵е۸֣
ʱ鶼ϾɱοҲһӣ벻ڤʸǽԲŹҵġ
ܲؿͽɥȪգ
һܼ˫ͨ졣
һȻΪᶨҡҡͷ˵ˣǲնɱκһʿġڤʣںа۵ֹǣδǳпܼ̳а۵²Ҿ͸ܽնɱˣĻ
˵̾һ૵Ҳˣҵ˫֮ϣһĻ˵Ļа۸Ҵϵġ
а֮䣬һԼǾκηǲΪѻаϿɵ֮ӡ
ڤʣȻܹںа۵ֹǣĳ̶ֳ˵ѾаϿɵĺѡ֮һȻܽնɱ
˵
䣬ȫһʿڰħ壬壬ȫضˣ𾪵˵
̫ˣ˾Ȼ˵еĹˣҪ֪پ޵۸֣δܼаһ棬³ˡˣȻ˵еаۣ˶ꣿ



1423 Ļ
ѹ˿ڿڤʳƺΪСԭǼ˵Ļʯ̫Ĺźҵ棬ƲϹŶֻһѽѽѧĻƿɶ
ǧǧ磬ûֵܹסµĴݲУ۾ĸ֣ããʱ䳤ˣ˾ʲôΪȻԴ֮ã
֮ǰһǰ˵ǳԽ۵Ĵڣǻšһļ˵еаۣôǳԽ۵ĴڣĻȻ޷ӵƾõ
ˣΪʲôӵƾõΪʲôȴûʶأڹż֮УҲûʲô¼
ʿ⡣
ѵˣǴ˵ػɷͨλػߣ
ʱһֱĬļӢۣ

䣬ʿȫΪ֮һ׷զ̾
ʲôλػߣʲôڣΪҴû˵
λػߣҵڹżж˵ÿһɷͨػػ񣬾ͺųλػߣרŸάɷͨشڡ
˵λػ߼أ侳ΪԶۣﵽ˲ླ磬ǽҪ𻯳ɵĴڣ
˵Уɷͨλػߣǣа·֮һλػ߱ɱһλػߣȴ֪ӣ˵Ҵλػߣǰˡ
ԭһܵʦλػߣѹ˿ĹҶҵ
ʿһĿ࣬пǧٿݵ˵񣬳˵ľη
ǣ˼ȻǴ˵еλػߣǲླĴڣ۸ֶҪĪΪֲҳնɱڤʣʵ˷ѽ⣡
һ
Ӣ΢΢һЦ⡣ͨ˵ػɷͨλػߣɽʹߣЩɽʹߣ½ʿɷͨΪ˵еˡ
ǣɽĸ߲Ϊ˲ʹ½ƾλػߵݣ½ԣǿ·ʹѪģ޹ʲɱ½顣
Ӣ۽͵
ûȻ򣬡ԭˡ
ȷ
λػߵľΪﵽ˲ླ磬½ʿȻĶ֣λػԸ⣬ȫԽ½ɱ⡣
ˣ½Ϲ
һӰ½
ΪˣΪλػߵɽʹߣѪģò½򣬸޹ʲɱ½ʿ
ǣɷͨѱа۸ӡˣݵȻɽʹߣҲѾ޼ҿɹ飬ΪʲôҪصԼ
ϻأЩ
룬Ӧݵ˴ŵľĻйذա˵ĻǴ˵еɼҷԶĴڡݵ˼ȻаþĻˣ϶֮
ʷ
ڲҴİħ壬ȫҲ־ֵضκݵˡ
ãƺǴ˵еλػߣŵǣһܾȻͽܣӣǿɾ͵˲ܵˣ
˵Уλػ߿ǲླĸ֣֣׾پܹݻһƬǵڤʴҲȫ֡
û뵽ǧǧ绹вླĹϴڡ
ħڵ֪ݵ˵ʵ֮󣬾Щᡣ
ͬʱڤҴļħͳ˧Ҳϻ̳Ͽ֣ľ
ʦĻѵûа취𣿡һҧ
Уοݵˣɵ̾һĻǴ˵еɼҷǴ˵еˣδܹƣҾ͸ˡ
ԣһܲɵҡ
ҪѾĻĽ붼Ҫڴ˵еˡ
ǣɷͨӡǲླˣԵõɣɽ硣ԣҪѾĻǲܵ顣
ǡ
гһգ˵õа۵²Уɷͨ״ͨǸʱͿԲɽ磬򿪼
ʦаΪʲôҪϾĻɽʹߣûһ취𣿡
һأЩġ
ʵϣҪĻġ
˰̾һһͬλػߵĻҵһʦֻ֣Ҫдʮ꣬ͿŽ񣬻ôĽ㡣ϧɽеţʮǰͺⲻ⣬ˣԭֻŹϽһ½磬Դ󣬾ͳΪ硣



1424 а
ȫΪ֮𾪡
ɽеţȻҲⲻ⣬
ʿУ˵еˣң죬ηĴڡ
û뵽ڴ˵еɽУͬ˲пľ
ǲ˴˵еɽ磬ҲԴͬŶթǿʳΨһĲͬǧǧ磬ɽһߵλˡ
аۣڵаŵ֮شӡֲһͨʹʧǣаѾаɽҲʧƣҪɽѰһ²ˣǶȻܵ飬һ©̾ͻᱻɱڡ
֮£а۾ֻУʩչӡɷͨ׼Ѱһ²ˡ
ĳ룬ƺ֮С
˻
䣬ʿȫһ
û뵽ޱߵ棬ȻֻаŹϽһϽ磬ţ֪˵еɽ磬жô󡣡
ѹִ˵еаۣҪУҷӡɷͨԭ׼ѰҵԼ²ˡ
ߣ飬ҪΪа۵²ˣƺֻһ⾺δҲ̫ˡҪĻԵ˲С
治֪аôģôྪ޵۸֣а۾Ȼһϣ֪Ҫа۵ϿɣΪ²ˣҪôϿ
һ̾
а۽뷨Һʦ֮ϣܹһ֮ػɷͨλػߣֻǵְ𣬲ǰ½ʿ𻯷Ϊ˵еˡ
Ǹаѡ²ˣңɷͨķӡܹ֮ʩչ޲ɷͨˡ
΢΢̾Ϣһϧǣҵʦ˵аѡӵļƻ֮ѡ˾ܾΪаҪѡ²ˣǳϿпܼʮ꣬궼δܹɹ˻а۵ϿɣΪ²ˡ
Ҫ֪ʦֶǲླĴڣǱûԸõɵĴǰ;½ĸԸظа۵һŹ
ԣҵʦ־ܾа۵飬Ҫطɽ磬ŸߵľŬ
ϧǣаҵʦֽɽ©ԣͲ̵ؽɱˡ
̾һ֮£ҾֻܴӦа۵Ҫ󣬼ػɷͨҴǶѧ˲һɷͨķӡɶʩչ޸
аΪ֮󣬻ܹԼң͸Ҵ˾Ļֻа۵²ֵһ죬Ҳָܹ֮
˵˿һܵĿ⣬ͻȻЩǸ⣬˵ҶǷġ
ԣһ΢΢һЩɻؿˡ
ΪĻǿһһȥġ
Ƥа֮꣬Ȼûкʵ²˳֣ԣ׼Ԫʱһ״ӣȥ
㻹ǵΪͽʱĻ֮һŻ𣿡
ؿһܡ
һ˼ص˵ͷ
Ԫľ֮󣬾Ļͻ׷ѰҵĻ֣ӳֵϡǸʱͲòλػߵݣΪһελػߡ
ɤͳһεؿһܣͽ𣿡
һܺ۾ҧҡͷʦû㣬ҰЯߵ˽죬Ϊ˲𾳽Ĵڣϵɽ»𺣣Ҷǣ

ȫһ𶯡
ԭ˽һΪͽܣԼ֮󣬽λػߵλôȥΪаѡ²˷ȫػɷͨķӡ
ѹֵһܶòԭλػߴģ˵λػҲǿɶɷͨķӡͱͨ۸ͨˡϧλػڣһɷͨķӡɶļ󣬾̽޸
˵Ǹ۸֣λػ߸⣬ҿҪͨɷͨҪնɱλػ߲С
ϧǣλػǲླĴڣ۸ǰֵһᡣֻڴгһɥȪɵһܼ̳λػߵλáǸʱնɱλػߵĳɹʾҪöࡣ
ǿδأûλػߴžĻ˶ѵɼҷһȻֻв𾳽磬ǣһȡ˾Ļʵ̾Ϳ۸֣ݹǧǧ磬ûܻ
ʿһСУզп



1425 վ
ڲһֱĬĲڤʣʱһˬЦ
һΪһ˭ԭǴ˵λػߵͽܣ
Ǵˮһ˲һˣ
ڤЦǳһܣģҳɹȡɾѪ֮󣬺ܿͿԲ۾硣ʱƱؽΪ̳а²˵Ψһѡ
гһգɹõа۴УһӺ㣬ڣҪЯʦһɽȥ֮ٻ󡣡
ʦԪΨһܹİ취Ǿҵܹ̳а²ˡȻݹǧǧ飬ϣѡ
ԣӦΪУ෴Ҫң˳ȡɾѪӶؼ̳а۵ĴУһʦҲܹѣָ֮
Ƕ㣬Ƕʦ𣬶ٺòˡ
ڤѭѭյȰ˵
ڤڵ֪Ǵ˵еλػߣǲླֵʱĶһء
ϾĲڤֻвңλػǰһ
ֻҪλػԸ⣬ͿԽնɱȡڤʯ
ʱ򣬲ڤʾͨؼҲ׳٣Զ޷׹ǣ⣬ˡ
ڤϲǣΪλػߵˣƺΪĻԵʣܹɱ޹ɱаϿɵ֮ӡ
ڤʳɹںа۵ֹǣĳ̶ֳ˵ѾǻаϿɵѡ
ԣΪλػߵˣԲܶԲڤʹɱ֣òڤʶʱ޿
㡭
һǺ촽鲻ͣһʱ侹Զԡ
Ȼһܺ޲ýڤǧУҡǲò˵ڤʵĻһĵġ
Ҫ˾ָ֮õİ취Ǿҳܹа۵²ˡ
ڤʣȻлΪ²˵ѡ֮һ
壬
һһæһ֣ס
ʮ￪Уͦǹףһܵĺûһ˿һĳɣһӣ̤ӡ˵һ˵ǰ
Ž壬ݼλǰ
׹ظҾ
ţ
ŽһĴˣ
ԣ˲ɵǰһΪ´ס
ʱһޱĸо׵ĵڶ
˸ûʶ̽׵ĵϸƾһ˫ۣƺѾ׸׿û˿ܿԡ
ǵġ
׵ͷ
ʦŽԵΪһĴˣɹŽ޷ԤԣңڻԵɺ֮£а۵ķ򴫳С
ȻҲ˵һΪа۵²ˣţһȲڤʸлᡣ
һŬȰ˵ˣϣܹվһߵӪ
˱˫֣ЦЦؿףͻȻĳ壬ȥ컯ɾ
΢΢һܿͻָƽǵģǰ
ãá
΢Цŵͷò˵СĻԵˣ˴˵ϹŶǳ𾪡˵ţһӣԷΧĿռ䣬ΪصȻȥ컯ɾңõ˳̨ϿɣҲ֪컯ɾаѡ²˵ء
ΪȻصͷ
컯ɾеɽ˵壬ǰħ壬ǧǧе飬Ҫа²еĻᶼҪСöࡣ
Ͼһ̨ӵһ˸ֻҪڳ̨˳һʶӣͿԻǫ́ϿɣܵԴ壬һ˿Եδϳ̨֮۵ĻҲ
˵УֻҪܹ˳ϳ̨ۣ֮Ϳ˳а۵²У𻯷Ϊ˵еˡ
밵ħ컯ɾе飬붼л᳢ʵǳ̨֮£ȷ컯ɾҪлΪа۴˵ĺѡˡ컯ɾȻҲаѡ²˵ء
壬˳̨ϿɣһΪؿףǿһ֮䣬ط컯ɾ
΢΢ͷ
һܲɵõһӿֳ־ϲĲЦݡ
壬ҹȻûп㣬ܹ˴ϲһԸп
ʵΪڴģ컯ɾܹ쵮а۵ĴϾ컯ɾеҪöࡣ
˱˫֣һʱпǧϧһֱûܵȵӵĳ֡ȻԪѾʧȥġ
Сӣҿһϣ
ۺؿףҴû飬ܹ컯ɾһǫ́Ͽɣֱ췽ҹ̷
״ǫ͵Цš
һ˫Ź⣬һϣؿڵˣܹõλػߵİպΪа²˵ĻҪöࡣ



1426 ˰ٴ

̾һƺ¶˾ģһӣ⿪˸ռķӡŵһͽǸˣʵԴҾΪ״ӵʱ򣬾ѾԤϵгһգҪһ
ڣҾȷظ㣬վһߡ
΢Ц
ԣһܶʱ־ϲ
ͬʱʿҲȸԾ
λػѡվڵһһߣһ飬Ȼλػ׼̻ˣ
̫ˣλػԸ⸨壬ͿԽħȰˡ
λػΪɽҵҪⰵħ廹Ҳҷ
ʿһȸԾƶЦ
ͬʱڲİħ壬ȴһһͷɥҡ
һֱа۵˿Ҳǧǧκ飬Ҹ򡣵ڷ֣ôƺػ֮ûһ˿һĻӰ졣
ԪʱһЩӣһЩˣҲòһ
ĳ
һϲЦտæ׾ҪҾл˵ࡣ
˭룬ȴǰ˰֣̲˵̫ˣȻվһӪǣǲܹΥ涨ɱ޹ԣҳնɱڤʣǾԲӦġ
Ҫ֪һ֣ŵľĻ̾ͻὫ߱ɱ
˵
ԣһ׶ʱЩɶͷ
ˣڿ˵Ҫ̻һܣȴûʵʵжϸ
ȻҲܹԶ֣ǣȴԽ壬һЩ顣
΢΢һЦ
ʦ˵Ҫҵһüͷһһ
˵˵ͷ
á
һܵ壬̨ȻվС
ಣಣ
ʱ˵˫У⣬̺Ϣһ̣ʱ·ͣһ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽
ȣ
ָһ˲䣬һܾͻӶһȭͷ˵ʡ̬Ȼһ£ǱһƵġ
ǰѵҪΥĻԼնɱаϿɵ²𣿡
ڲڤʼҽ
˭˵Ҫɱˣ
˸ĵһܣɵĮһЦ˫һӣ֮Уɱⴹ£ֻʶһа۴Ĳˣںа۵ֹǣѧϰ϶Ծһˮɡ
ҪܹΪа۵²ˣ϶лҴڸĲġ
䣬ɱûǧ׭ҲƵسųǵķϯȥ޾ӿȣϢ
ڲİħ壬ȫϢͣͣᵽɤ۵λá
䡭
Ŀ֮£ʿг˲ҷһĻûг֡
ȥֻǧ׭ЮŰڰշӡ֮⣬ƾջûһ֣ޱߵĳǸȫӡ
顭
µָһΣ񱩵ðշӡһζҪӦ顣
ڣڲڤʼҵʱ̣һͣ˶
ػ꣡
һȣһ⾶Դӵһ֮ܵϯӿ˵ڣʱһָܻж硣

ʦΪҵ壬ʩչ֮ǿҪǿǧ򱶣
һܳױ˵ֶθˡ
ֻǷֳһƻ飬һ֮ܵУӶͷųʼգеĹϷ׭ɵһܵɡ
ǣȴȵһܱҪǿǧ򱶣
ҪȡΪãܹӳĵ̫ǳܹҲ̫٣Ҳ̫
һʩչԺ˰ٸ磬Ӱ˰ٸռҪȻҪǿö࣡
Ƶ˵
˻
䣬ȫΪ֮𾪡
ţλػߣȻ˲Ӱ˰ٸռжսδҲֲ̫ˣ
ѹλػϢһˣȴȫڤʷԭͨѾ飬ó˵˼ά۶ϣ
λػ߿ǲླĸ֣У۶Կһ۾磬벻ླ硣룬ⲻླҪģܾһַ豹棬ȻΪһ塣
ȻλػûնɱڤʣǣȴǸ׷ƾ費ڤʵʵҪӳ죬ǾԲܵġһҲʱһ
ʿһпǧ



1427 ߰˰
䡭
ڲڤʴ߶ɭֹǣȫһơ
ӡɢ޾Ĳ֮Դ͸շӡ󣬺ڲûɵ֮ϣҡػΣ𵴡
Ȼòڤ𾪵ǣȫ߶һƣûкӡ
˸ûĴ֮ǿȻԶԶ˲ڤʵԲڤʵҪƷӡӳ죬ʱڿ϶ǲܵˡ
ҳӡⲻƽ
λػߣѾظ򣬾Ͳ¾Ļ߱ɱô
ڤҧгݵ
ǺǣֻҵͽܸʾһˡЯ㣬ӦøмҲǡ
Ϊ޹
ʦͽһݣ
Ĵ£飬һмģ
һҾһؿһܡ
˵һЦ˰֣ȱ˵̫磬ӡҲͿ֧ʱ䣬󣬾ͻԶɢ
ʱ򣬲ڤһػ֮
˳
ʲôӡֻܹ֧ꣿ
һΪ֮һüͷ
ɾѪͻʱǲڤʱӡڳڲ϶޷֡˵ҲһĺϢˡ
ֻڤڻԵɺ֮ںа۵ֹǣδûܵõɾѪ꣬飬ҲҳܹƥеĴڡ
һĴǡ
ģлвٳ겻¶ϼһģòڤΪġ
ƺ˵һܵǣ΢΢һЦ
ţ
һ΢΢һ˼ص˵ͷ
ò֣ţܹĹźҵ϶Ҳſžĸֻ֣ȼĸ֣һ㲻¶档
װ˼⡣
ˣҪˡ
һŵһܲһЦͽҵѾ˾ͷò˵ʱʷŨīزʵһҳƪ£ǾԲԸġ
ԣҾ߰˰꣬ӳԼʣ޼
֣µ˰Уصʱ̣Ҳ޷յźţ޷ɹѡ
Ҫ԰ΪսⱾûдֻϣܹرġϣڰ˰ܹȻһµ㣡
˳
ʦҪ߰˰ꣿ
һһ͵ȭͷİգûıӻҲܹ飬ػü԰ġ⣬Ҳ㾡ȫ㾡ҵܹ̳а²ӡ
á
˵ͷһЦವһڿն𣬲УӶȥ
ǰ
ǰ
һȥʿ׷չڵأޱ϶ηĿ뿪
Хɳӿ
λ
̫ɤӣݵϼһĨЦ⣬һսۣȻ˵ǴȫʤҲǴһƯʤ̣ȡ˿ź졣
飬вμӱնħͬǰһĹźͣҺ̫㣬ҪǧҹЪ
̫ϲ׼칦硣
ð
һμӡ
ܹǾֻйˡ
ŵĸ߲㣬Ͳ뺫̫£ϵʱһҪǰĹźҸ磬ʱ¸߰
һܡ
ʱ̫ӣ˵һܵǰڨڨһЦ֮ǰйʲôԹǲսսѣܲ᲻͹գ
̫ڵ֪һܵʦǴ˵еλػ֮󣬶ڵһܵĵʱ᲻٣һ˿ͽ£֮⡣
ϧһƢԹŹ֣Ǻ˵ˡ
罻սϾкܶҪסǻʤʱ㺫ϹģһͬǰɽҪ
һһһϹ˿ûи̫ӡ
̫һʱǳɫŻưҧֱ졣
ߣһҪ£ʱͲʦˡ
Ҿʱ죬ȻжͲˡ
̫ӦЦһĿˣ̫ȻٽƨˣὫҵɵһָӡ
壬ȥ
һẫ̫תͷס
׵ͷһЦ
ܿ죬;ʹŽ𽣶ǧˣ׵ԡ
һս𽣶Ϊ׵Ĵڣν˷ͷʱվʿУ
ܣҽɽһˣԸ׷㣬ǰɽҪһ˵
ʱϻŽɽһˣȺ



1428 
һĹŷңͬԸ׷ܣɱϲɽһϣ
ߣɽŹŵƿأ밵ħһߣԲܹϢ飡ҶҾԲӲܣ
ʵȻ󣡡

ܿ죬ϻ˵Ĵͷ֮£ŵĸ߲㣬νȺ鼤׷ױ̬Ը׷һܣɱϲɽҪһ˵
ʣµһЩţһߵòǺܽڶݵԥ֮Ҳȿֺر̬Ը׷һܡ
û취˭õһܵĿɽǴ˵еλػأ˵ǧǧǿɽˣ
תۼ䣬˻Ĺź֮⣬еţȫʾԸ׷һܣȺ鼤־ɳǡ
Ϊĺ̫̣Ϊεվһԡ
ҵӣߡ
̫ŭشһӣֱӽ̫žת̸Уźҵ̤˴̨ܿʧ֮С
ˣһǸǧȻԣҵķͷˣҺ̫Ҫһ
̫ҧ
棬ǵһܵʦ𣬲˵Ҫ߰˰˰ڣǵһܺⲻ⣬ҲԮ˵һûᡣ
ڣõһȵһӣ׻˵ǹͷһٲȻѾΪϵ䣬ڳ׵ﰵħ£תͷҪɽŹŵţܿͻɱ֮ġ
һĹźҵĳϣȰο̫
Ϸںͷ
̫һɵõͷһЦʱ硣
һߣڸŵˣȫۼڵһܵΧȴŵһָܵʾ
˷罻սѾ˶෽ʱʦڡ
⣬Ǿ˷սۣ٣ҪͲʵѪҺԣҾºɱϲɽ
һܵ
ãһΪ
ʱǰķԸ
ڸŵʿ׷ױʾͬ
ãºǼڻĹżҼϡһ΢΢һЦڣҶɢ˰ɡ
ܵѣڣ
ڣ
ϻˡסӢ۵ˣ׷׹
ٻᣡ
һܵ˵ͷǻˡ
Ϸҹ֡ˣǻ׵ԣ̸ãֱųϴߴ˺ü飬ȥ
һˣĹżҽżӢǰĹżңʱ
Уֻʣ½𽣶һܡ
壬һսۣȻͷҲΪжд̣ƽҪСĲǡ
һ׵ļ
İգǰеס
΢΢һЦ
˵һսУ׵˰ħ壬ʮΣաƾŽ𽣶ǿܹ϶ʵĿɽԲס
ڻеһڣó
⣬Ϊڳ̨һʶӣصʱ̣ȫһ֮䣬컯ɾѡ
ǿҲ޷׷ɱ컯ɾС
һԿ龳쾳ĸ֣鼱ͷҲܹһűĵơ
һһһһӻͳһľżݸס
ǰ¸м
׽ӹľżæ
֮ͲҪˣҵķܣѪһ΢΢һЦ
׵ٳɣҧ⣬³һξѪľż֮ϣѪˮܿͱһաͬʱһ޵ϵڵһ֮䡣
գ
һܾͻΪһӰ׵֮С
壬ºһɱϲɽǽ𽣶ͲҪˡһһ
Ϊʲô
üͷһ壬һԵҲһľ
ǵǫ̃Ͽɵ֮ӣδҪ컯ɾȡΪа²˵ġǲɽĺ̨컯ɾһŹŵ
ҲϣŹŵĹϵֵ̫Ժ컯ɾеķչܲ
һ㵽
ԣײɵҡͷһЦǰʵŹŵͬˮˡȻߵһܣɱɽӵˡ
ô˵㻹ȱܱܷͷաϾֻԪ磬ͷ̫ʢֻɱ֮
һüȻûЭ
á
׵ͷһЦʱ䣬һǱȡͻƣ̤ʥ硣ھһаս֮ױ۽翪ʵ׷
ãڡ
һ΢΢һЦ͵˵ͷ㾶Բһ̨ƾʧ١
ʦܣҲ߰ɡ
Цס
á
׵ͷһӣһ̨ƾճС



1429 Ѫ
𽣶У±˫֣ⲽȹϵϡ
Դӽ𽣶췢ǣ¾һֱΪס͵˸еǡ
ϾһҪԵĵˣǴ˵еĲ𾳸֣Ĳڤʣ

Ȼһɱڵأʦ棬ҳľ
ľ
µ˵ͷֵ
𽣶ĹϵһֱǳǢҵǧ˽׵Ķˡ
ľҵĺĳϣ˷ǰ𽣶죬Ȼܾ֮
ܿ죬һͦΣüĿˣǵزУһ£ʱ񣬡˵еĸǰе֮ӣһȻȲһ˲š
ˣҹϵãлԼһˣˡ
½ľõλϣԸŮ赹ˮ
ǰҴ˷ǰʮ𼱵飬ҪæҾֱӿżɽˣҪЦ
ľ٣ģʮɣʱȴüͷ壬ɫ̼
˵޷
΢΢һ
˵Ҵ˷ǰΪ顣ľһᵽͰ̾һݡ
ʲôˣ
µһɲԤС
׵бͷ⣬ΪϧǰĹźףûĹźŪüɹѪɺӡ
ʲôأ׿϶ᱩߡ
ǰ㿴֪ˡ
ľһӣһ񴲾ƾճڴڲðһɹɺı΢һЩ˲
֮ϣȻһŮò毺ãֻʱСϣϢ٣ƺѾһߣֻ̤˹Źء
⾿ô£
жˣ裬ʱпɥȪ
ڲĳǣ׷Χһֵؿϵ˯ˡ
λһ־綾黨ľ̾Ϣһ
˻
䣬뼸ȫһһ
黨
üͷһšʲôΪʲôҴû˵
黨ҵţ˵ŮƳһ־綾жˣֻܹ£ΨһĽⶾ취жˣлѪ
³
Ѫ
Ѫʲô£Ȼ˵ÿһ˵ѪͶͬҪҵͬѪ͵ˣǷǳ׵ġΪʲôѪ˴ǽ𽣶ˣ
𽣶ļϣ˼ؿľ
ĿеɣľɵÿЦһֻǵĻѪܹⶾôŮŵ黨Ҳֵ̫һˡ
ľ¶һĨ黨Ҫ֮˵ѪѪУңҪһ£ܹⶾ
Ȼһ
黨Ҳ̫ˣȻҪ֮Ѫܹⶾ֮治У
˵֮ˣǽˡֻýܹˡѹľҪǧǽ𽣶
֪˭Ȼ黨Կ϶ǣǳǽ𽣶죬Žģ
֮ǰ컯ɾУթʥӣ̫ˣ˰ƣҲʵֻǿˮСѾͷˡ
𽣶ļ뷢԰׵ĳϣȫҡͷп
ʽںηɷ̸Ѫľ˫вѪ˿һ
Ϣ٣ΣڵϦݲӡ
úܲɡ
΢΢̾ϢŽһͬŵӣǰڵնħȥˣҲ֪ʲôʱܹ
ԣľϥһЩһƨɵڵء
ǰ֪ͨŽ壬̸ϻⶾľ
һ԰꣬ǰȥ֪ͨŽ塣
˵ţԸȥʱȥ
еգʱ
˵һ黨ˣǸáУû֮ˣǾֻԴˣ
ֻߣжˣǸˮκŮˣǵˣһˣܹѪˣ
еʡ
ֻ࣬һˣ˵ֻʲô˼ľȻվŭ
һΣæԲĪʦֶֻһʱֱڿ죬ǸŮһ㣬Ŀõġ
ľһһٶ࿴һۡ
εشײһ˿Щļ١



1430 ɱ
ʱһһţľµˣһת
ȥʱˣΪʲôûϢľü
԰꣬ǳڵʮƫԶͣ㣬ͨپ̨ĴͣҲҪִܹ
Ȱο
һأҪʮˣľЩУⵢʱҲ̫ˡжʱɽȵ˷֣͵ңѾȥ˰µʱˣҽʦΣȷ֢״ֺķ˽µʱ䡣
黨ˣҲܹ£ͦһµʱ䡣¡
˵ľЩľҵĳϣҲ壬ʱֶŮΣν絶ʡ
¡ˣľѹӣҲǸͬܣ̾

ʱһʦ棬λϣʦַˡ
ģ
̫ˡ
ߣǳȥӭӣ
¡ˣһϲЦտɳ
ľ߬ȭͷֵú»̫ˣڸˡ
𽣶಻ɽϿգ͡׵ˣ˵Цµӣȥ
ʦ֣
ַ
Ȼ´һڳϣӭӡ
ʦ֣һնħսΣһؿ͡
һȥԿ𽣶ǧӣЩ
˵ˣܵ˵һ仰Ǵȫʤˡ
Ȼûܽħһ򾡣ʱڣħȫӡڳڲ޷ѡ
Ц׵֣ǲ֪һսʦܿνһսΪľҪǽҪȫûˡ
ûַܹŤתս֣ռϷ磡
ַǹƥӭսڤʵ¼ܿͽ壬Ϊʿ෹ζ̸ʡ
ǽ𽣶һս״ַ
ͬȥĸʱĶ׵֮ʣø¡ЩţֻΪǸ׵սֺס
峤ľš
ʱľǰһ͹
û뵽ľҲڣҪϯúÿ㡣Ϳľʮֵ顣
ʦ֣Ƚ˵գľ˷ǰҪ󡣡

£ɽķϵȸ߲㣬ȫӶȥĵӣǸԻصڵɽ塣
ڲ˸һ룬һۿ˰ڷڴڲ񴲡Լɫϣ˿Ů
ǡ
Ȼһ
á
ڿĵһۣͽ̤ӡ˵ǰǣС֣һ̼غ֣ѣָ簡ôˣΪʲôң
ವһӰƾմ׵ıзӶڿŵʱɵȻ£ôˣףȾ
һؿ͡
͵˵ͷѯʵĿ⿴ľ
ģڴԼһǰɽʱ򣬲ⶾ֣ͬɱһַǳ񶾵ľ綾־綾黨ж֮ˣֻܹ£Ѿȥһµʱ䡣
ľһһʮ
黨
ԣȫΪ֮һ
жϣ¶ˣҪĿ겢Ž壡
ͽüɶҪǱҳ¶ˣҪǧУң
һɵΪС֣оѪ
׽շģҳ¶֮ˣҪǧУĻԶѿ𻯷
аҧ
ò˵һѣ׼ɵġ̫࣬ҲԼὫϡ
黨ν⣿
׷ʡ
黨ŮţҪ֮˵ľѪϴˢѪ⣬һ²ܹⶾ
ľ
һµĻѪһ˵ͷû⣬ͽбչأѪ˵ţҪ뱦У첽뿪
ΪŽ壬Ѫ繯˵һ˻ѪˣǸǧѪڻ¡
Ҫ֪׵ıоһƬȫѪ۶ɵĽɫѪν´ࡣ
š
ľһ˵⻻ѪнģҪǧ򲻵³çĻ¹̲
׵ĽŲ˲ͣסˡ



1431 ɰ
ľǰңⶾʲô˫ͨ졣
ľþ䣬ѪҪþѪòһʣһѪٶȡƵʣҲнġΪ˱ϣܹһԶоĶʦ
ԣпһü
ʿ˵ΪԶ׷ˣԲѪҺٶȣҪöࡣʵϣֻҪԪ㣬̾Ϳ׹ǣ⡣
ǣѪĻȫͬˡ
һʿľѪǷǳϡٵģ̺ԪҪ൱ڷӵܵѪҺһʧѪ࣬̾ͻΣ
ʿҲһ
һʿľѪʧ࣬ͬǳΣգصпΣ
ǣľȻ˵ҪþѪѪòһʣңҪһµʱ䣡
һʲôĸ
ѰʿľѪһζԸ˷ѣȴҪԴԴϵط׳ϴ跥ңҪһ£
ھʿ˵ֱһɵ
ΪѰʿľѪ֧Ųһµϴ裡
¶Ҳ̫ˣȫҪذ
ҧгݡ
ûգҪþѪϴ裬Ҫһ£δҲ̫ˣ黨ûκãҪΪԪľһغˡ
ҿַӵŽ壬Ѫ繯ַһܹȻġ
սɹȻԼҲĴԪܳһʱڣһϢ״̬
һ۷׷ףþȻҪĴʵ̫ˡ
ָ磬ҡ
涵ؿףСֳ½ǣֹ
ȻǲԸؿ֮ݵģҲϣʹɥмΪᡣ
ҵŮˣΪ߳жԼŮ˶޷һŻʲô˼գҾǴһҲҪøȻ
οΪҲо綾ģЩҿǷġ
ɡ
壬Ϊ壬ңͷлˡ
ľʮָжͨһڵأ׿ͷܹ֮Σ£Ϊ
һľڵأԼͷлڵһʱҲڵأǰ壬Ҳҵ壬ôܹҿͷлأ˵Ӧͷǣ
˵ţ飬ؿͷ
ա
͡շˣæǰľ
ʦܣౣءǵȺĺϢͰ̾һ׵ļ
һЦĺˣʲô˶ˣһνѣὫһܵġ˵ţһӣĦݿ˸ٻ˳
ݼˡĦݿ˹ظҾ
ǡȪʼħڵ϶
ľһĦݿˣʱΪ֮һæ߶Ԫһ衣
ţ϶ѾҽΪҵ̴ӡ΢΢һЦ
ţ
Ħݿ˿ʥȻ£Ϊ̴ӣľһʱЩӦֶӵŹ
Ħݿ˺ų϶ڶоȻ˵׼һѪתͷü˳۵Ħݿˣʲô𣿡
Ħݿϸ̽һɫصعӦūֻɵİա
˻
䣬ȫһ
͡շ硢һڳϵɫޱȣȫؿף˵Щ𽣶ĸ߲㣬ǲϣ׳־ģϾҪĴ̫ˡ
ϧ֪ǸˣҼΪִ֣һ⣬ͷţ
ޣҲеίۡ
һ̣Щס
ÿһŮϣԼɾϦ飬ңֻƽƽصϡ
һ˲ʡģҪϵɽ»𺣣Ե
֮ǰ׵ǹƥӭսڤʣֱҪˣΪ˹ȫ֣ʼնûӰףֻĬĬΪ
ò׵ȵ׻ѣΪľûüΪ׸еˣһתҪðΣգϴ跥
ǿŮЩסˡ
ãˡ
ܶ£ϣܹǰһΪҳɹȻ֮һúò㡣
Ħ޽ǵķ˿
أԿ޸ͣ
ҪҾȻҲþѪϴ跥ε
˭ҪһѪ
յػŷȭ׵ţһס׵ϸӬֻϣܹúû
һҪ



1432 ı
˸ӵĿУһӣϵ˱챦УŽ̤ӡ׼ǰ̫壬лѪ
ΣڵϦ̲ݻÿһÿһ룬׸оĶڵѪ
ʦܣԸ㻤֣ص
΢΢һЦˣĦݿػԣӦò˵ðҡʦΪǣҶˡ
һ̾Ϣŵ˵ͷ
£͵˵ǳأÿһ˶ΪףϧҪԮҲΪֻĬĬһ
ľ壬һºһὫؽ㣬Ǿ;ҵĺϢգ
г
ľм㣬壬ౣأ
ಣಣ
£ײٳɣĦݿˣԳ̫Ӷȥ
̫֮ϣһؾУײһ򵥵ػ󣬽ţһеı֣ǰæһ
õġٻ̾˻Ӧ
ʱһ龳ֵʶ̫壬̫ĵȻһ׷
˰ٻ뻤д󶨣һӣֱӽ񴲸ٻ˳
񴲱ƣϵŮ࣬磬绨ŮΪõĻ꼾
ĦݿˣǸϿ쿪ʼաԣʼ߶ڵľѪһ֮ϣ͸ֳһŰɫľѪѪŨӲӡ
ŽľѪÿһζ̺żΪ񱩵Ǵ֮
ˣ԰ꡣ
ĦݿһЦʵһõ飬ԽѪĳɹųҡ
ţ
ɹųңüͷһ־ϲؿĦݿˡ
ˣ㻹ǵؾеõʥɣǿܹһ涾ʥ
ĦݿЦá
ʥ
ԣײɵһ͵һţҾȻˣ̫Ĵˡ
һ٣׺ȻһֹŹֵĦݿˣΪʲôڲŽңҰװĵôõʱ䡣
ܵеЩ֮⣬ĦݿЩί˵ˣôȫΪá
ţһ
밡һ֮Ի黨ΪԵʡȻǳмܹԮʼиġ
˼ص˵ͷ
ȷ
Ϊ̫࣬Ҳⶾ֣֮ݡ
ףײҾס
֮ǰ˵棬˵ֻɵĳɹʣ˵ľģľʶԡ
ӶľеĽ١
Ħݿ˵
éٿĦݿһĴָ
ò˵Ħݿ˿ǵ÷ǳܵ
ͬǸⶾĦݿ˸ľɹļھųϣô׳ɹȻľлǻ٣׽ˮϡ
ǡ
ɹļֻɣһʧܣҲҪͷǳˡ
Ͼ£ܹһУԸҲҪȻôԼ׶һƬġ
ʱ򣬾ҶʲôԹҲɢ޻˵
ĦݿˣϽΪ˴·棬Ҫϵö࣬Ϊҵұۣҵĸ
׳Ͽҵ
һ׵ĿޣĦݿ˻æ񣬡ˣūģǷ֮¡
׵һЦһӣһöʥ˳ݸĦݿˣȴĦݿ˸˻
ˣʥҩ뾫Ѫ֮УͽҰաĦݿг񣬿Ĭдʣܿ죬ǧ׭׷ɶ𣬻۳һصԲ̣֮ϣһƬӰɢ£Ľ
ȣ
׵½˫ſһһεԴ׵Ŀ¶еʥܿͻΪһƾҩ׸һա
ʱһһţ˾ҩ֮󣬲һ˷ѣؽյҩ뵽Ѫ֮С
ٽںҩľѪƳ⣬֮ϡ
ܿ죬ؾ֮УһƢҩζ
պ
ҹЪ߲ݣŽеҩĦݿ˵ָʾȵںϾѪ֮УұƳ⡣
һ־Ѫֻ࣬ռھѪʮ֮һңȴԸһλѪˡ
ˣ㾡һǲʧ֣ͻҪĦݿ˽׵ľѪصԲ֮Уǧ׭ļӳ֮£ԭȼΪ񱩵ľѪϡͿºࡣ
á׵ͷӦָһһȪģ׿ʼɿذա켣ɣָĵľѪ



1433 ս
Դ׿ʼѪѾʱȥˡҹУ𽣶ĸ߲ǣȫȹϵϣת
̫еһؾڲ
Ħݿ˴߶һԲ̣ؽںҩľѪһϸӣ֮С
ͬʱһذףĸһҵĿӣϺɫĶѪԴų
һԣȫͬʱֳһʶعע
ڿԼľѪУûгκεųⷴӦ֮󣬲ɳһ
壬׵ľѪųⷴӦ
ôֻһֿܡˣס
ʱ򣬾ҪҵˣѪѪ
ڣȻһֱǾ࣬ӡͬģû
ĦݿˣҪõʱ䣬ܹѪɹ
׿Ħݿ˷壬ɹϵԲתϡ˵ľѪڣ̲ס
ĿǰĽչҪһµʱ䣬ֹۡ
Ħݿüͷ壬̾һжʱ̫ˣѾľѪҪڶʱڣƳѪ·ǳѡ
ֻϣѪ̺ҩܹ췢ãһĻѪٶȽӿ졣
Ħݿһһʮ˵˿Ρ
׽üҽ
ͨ˵黨ʿҲܹ֮ã⻹ʢʿ
жʱ䣬Ѿһˣڽʮڣ޷Ѫɹ׶༪١
ֽĸоĵۡ
ҷģһҪ¶ˣѪծѪ׽ȭͷֱ졣
ˣˡ
ʱϿյԲ̣ȻӿתٶȣԲڲľѪƺܵһεǣӿڡ
ͬʱϣѪȪˮһʶ£׼õһС
ףʥҩˣĦݿǰһĻѪٶһʮңҲûвظƣ
һϲ
Ϊ˵ܹһ涾ʥȻͬ졣Ħݿϸ۲һʱ鲻Խզп
Ħݿˣղ˵Ѫٶʮ˵ܹ黨ɹˣ
׼Ħݿ˴ֲڵĴ֡
Ħݿ˸һ϶
ʱ׼һЦı飬һ
תֹ죬һգ𽣶һȺ֮͡
𽣶ڵɽϿգһȺڽʽ۵ʿնŵؽһɹɰƣӿ𽣶졣
ͷһ꣬ɫһſھըף𽣶ɽ΢΢Ž壬ٸҹ
ĶСȻҽ𽣶Ұ
ܿ죬𽣶ڲӿһȺʿɱڣͷһˣȻǴϽ۵͡
ףǽڽ̵
ͷ꣬Ȼǽڽ̵ʥӽ𻢣𻢣ַСȻûк¡
˵֮䣬һʮԼԼѵҿŽ𻢶սġ
սǿǲɣڸѪݲðţ˵𻢽ɱˡ
ޣӢۣѲһһ˵ͷΣ𻢣ֻԪ磬ȻҲսūĦݿ˶򲻹
𽣶ˣһԶѵĽ𻢣۷׷
һΪǺηʥԭǽڽ̵HС
һ𻢣Цһ𻢣ҽ𽣶Ұû𣿡
˵ţһƣϯ糱ƺҪһ˲佫ڽ̵һ˸Ʒɳȥ

˭룬ʱվڽԱߵһӣֹһһһɿ񱩵ƣͺƾˣֱӽ͵ѹ׻
ƺһһΣǿѹסӿѪһ㵵ؿԵˡ
ৡ
ͬһʱ䣬շ硢µˣҲΪɵؿ˹ȥ
һ﾿ǺηʥȻһ龳֣Ǹʶ
ϢжϣӦ壬ڽһǷ壬֪ǲǽڽ̵ˡ
û뵽һ龳Ϊɽǽ𽣶鷳ˡ
˽һȫо˶ԷеϾ
Ҫ𣿿ϧƺֿ԰
ζһЦ޿ֵؿ𽣶һ˵ȣˣҳ˵ֱӿżɽˡ
ɤӣҴ˷ǰսģ



1434 
ս飿
𽣶һʿɵ΢΢ľɫϾ
֪Ž֮䣬һʮԼӦһս
֮䣬ֻһ˴
𻢰ȻЦЦؿ𽣶һ˵ȡ
ã𻢹ȻΪԼսģӿɾ鷳ˡշ簵ҧ
ʦڸѪʱڸ޷أɹȻҲĴԪ״̬һǧɣʱڣ޷ָʺ𻢽ս
ӣ粻ƫƫʱ
޲ǰȥ𻢸˺
㻹ǽڽ̵ʥӣԭ֪Ž壬Ѳܹ󼰵Ĵڡ
ҵʲô𣿡
û뵽ûȥ㷴ˣ
͹ž޲һЦصŽ𻢡ͼýδսӣ뿪
û֮ǰаսУڤʶ˵Ĵڣսʲô
Ǻǣ˵ʵѰʥƥС֮ǰ½̵ǧѰʾͱƨȪʼħڵ϶ĦݿˣǱ彵Ϊū㲻ֻԪ磬½
Ȼǽڽ̵ʥӣҲҪ֪֮
շˣ׷׽аǻĶ׵֮ʡ
ԣ𻢲ΪȻҡͷһЦһǣ޿ֵؿͣǺǣȻŶڽʵţΪβýһأ
пһȴǹž޲ߣòʱ򣬽ʱҪܹ֮
ģ֮һһϣء
ԴǷ񣬾˸λ󶯡
½׳սǾԲܵ飬ͬ⣬ҵľҲԲ׼׽֮ˡ
֮£ֻñһԣܵʱˡ

𻢱һһЦûв´Ľ壬̫ڲֻүŵӣһͷڹ꣡
˻
䣬ȫΪ֮Ȼ
𻢣ƺڵĶҪȻҲԽյüͷ塣
пܣ黨ǽڽµġĿķǳ򵥣ҪΣӶýӦս
ѹԶԶǽֵĽ𻢣յսԭ֪޷ӭս
ڽǽթ֮Ȼĵֶȡʤֱ˲ݡ
𽣶ĸ߲㣬ǴˣһͲ³¶ǽڽָɵġ
Ǹ¶ģ
ʱһֱվȺ󷽵ľһһɱڣʦ̬
¶
΢΢һ㶣ģؼһ޹ɫɲҪѪ˰ҽڽ̿ɣ䣬ԸֲţĶõıƣ
ЦһһؿľϺҵĳľɣô׼ǽڽΪУ
Ҫˣҽڽ̶ֽ̡
в
㡭
ľͷ𣬵¾Ҫǰնɱȴһסľ֣Īһʱ嶯
ľڴڴϢ˫֮мѪµ֮£ų³һûж֡
ң߹ҲҲ񡣡
ЦһЩȻˣ֪ڶʱ޷Լоս
ûйϵҽ䣬ԲǿѡΪչ˽壬Ѿ㷢ǧŵĸ߲㣬ǰҽڽ̵ؽйսʱһº󡣡
ʱһһǳƽɰ죡
ǧŸ߲Ĺս֮£һᱣ֤ƽԭһ㣬ǿԷģ
졣
䣬𽣶ĸ߲㣬ȫƤһֱġ
ʲôһºڽڽ̵ؽһսңǧŵĸ߲㵽ս
һº󣬾ɹȻľѪҲ߰˰ˣ״̬һǧɣ޷ӭսʱһ˵Ľ壬սͲʲôƽ
Ĵụ́һȦףСΪģҪʵӶսʤ壡
ǽƻ֪޷սȴȷǧŵĸ߲㵽սһȱϯƱؽΪЦ
𽣶ĳǣһҧгݣ۷׷ס



1435 
Ѿ˵ˣʱڣǾԲġҪһºһսԽս齻ˡ
һأԾҧɽɣ׾ɽڲ
Ͼ˵һº󣬽׵״̬ΪԵʱ̣ʱ𻢽оսʤ١
ңսĵص㣬𻢾Ȼ԰ڽڽ̵أʱ׷ǳ

ţƺûŪҵ˼
ԲЦҴ˷ǰǽֻ֪ͨһ°ˡ˵ţһӣһӣ͡
ţ
ֽӸץУüͷһʲô
ζһЦ򿪿һ²֪ˡ
𽣶һʿɵĿȫееĺϡ
ž
һεԴ͵ϯһѽӸƿ
һ̣ÿһڲʿȫɫһԼ۾
ţȻһ֣
𻢾ʲô˼ΪҪһֻ͹Īǽ𽣶ڽڽ̵У
ޣڽ̾ȻҲԳΪɣ£ĵ⣬Ϊ˲ݣ
۷׷ס
ʦ֣ǣշǰѯʵ͡
ûжϴӦʦܵĹŵӡѩĶ֡
ɤ䣬΢΢˫һԹŽ𻢣˲

ȫΪ֮Ȼ
𻢾ȻַĹŵӣҪЮһºսڽأ̫޳ˡ
һڽ̵ʥӣǰȺ˵Ůˣǰܱ˵ĵӣֱӵоֱоһ޶
𻢺ôҲһе̳Ϊսʤ壬Ȼ伫Сһͷ
𽣶ĵӣȫƿڴĻ˷
˵Цζƺȫһ¡
ͬʱ̫ڲһؾС
׻Ȼ˫ȭֱ죬̫ҾҪȥСָʬΣ
½ûϵһӵд˵еʥӶ׵κ黨û̫Ԫ
գҾҪýͷأ
ζһЦ
壬վס
ʱһʶ׵Ժ֮У׽Ųһ١
Ȼڱڲİٻ
ǰ
ѽѣʵʲ㲻֪컯ɾУ˽һΪԼгһգ棬ؽնɱ˭룬ӸûҹƽԾи¶ҵİͽѩ°ˣ
壬Īǡ
ٻȪ׵ԺУ׳ŭƽϢǽ֮԰ѩĿΪ׼ʱԼҪ˺ѩԣѩʱӦûʲôΣա
˵ˣ龳ĸΪɽڳȥҲռʲôˣڣɱ֮š
ٻ뽲ʵڵɵȰ˵

׽ȭͷֱ죬û뵽һȻڻԵɺ֮£Ϊ˾ĳϡ𡯵״ӡǴ컯ɾ棬ȫ𻢡Ҫ˳նɱ𻢣²ôˡ
ԭ׶նɱ𻢣İٱʮþȵġ
ڣҪеҪϾöࡣ
컯ɾĺ˽ڽ̣𻢣ζʲô
ζ׼ԵĲһڽ̣컯ɾľ죡
˵𽣶Ȼɿ𣬵ڼϴҲǿܹǶڽҪѷһġ
컯ɾжǰéĺ족ˣ
ΪıӻҪնɱ𻢣Ʊؽηηţ˸Ĺǡ
壬֮ƣǰ䡣
ٻѭѭգ𻢣Ϊһº󽫻һϢʱֻҪҳսܹܡǺȻ̴ˣû̫Ԫս״̬ҲΪʢ
£һº𻢶սƱؽһߵսʱ򣬵ǧŸ߲棬ǽҲóȻ֮ľһ㲻ԸԳؽնɱңܹȳѩ
ٻ
ײɵһ
ò˵ٻʮ͸
µףһºսη壬ԣȫûбҪرܣûбҪƱ¶ϲĽ𻢡
ֻҪһµʱھ񣬵ȴսˡ
ʱ򣬽ƱؽΪ׽µĵʯǰһγͷ



1436 
䡭
һεѹ̺Űɱϯ졣
ǽڽδЩ̫ˡ
и¶°ҽ𽣶ĵӣѵΪǽ𽣶𣿡
ŭ
ϣϣϣ
̼䣬¡շ硢ˣ׷׼׼ӭս
ȫװɽŵӣɱ죬ڽһ˵񣬺˶ɵħ
Ȼ˵½龳ĸ𻤷Ҫ𽣶ռˡ
ǡ
Ѿ˸ˣ裬Ǹ˶ѹŭ
գǲڽҪһ˵ý𽣶ĵӺġ
š֪ǽ𽣶ǿĿɽѰǡ
ǽڽ̲ͬҽڽ̵ĿɽԶԶǵ󣬸Щ߹ܹ⵽ġ
գǽǽ𽣶ΪƽأҲδɡ
һ޿ֵģ
䣬͵ӿһɫĻ棬ȫԡ𣬺ƻ٣һ̬
Уսһ
ʦ֡
ǧһ֮ʣշ簵ҪսƾԷǿǽ𽣶£ֻһսǽ𽣶ɽţ½ܲڣϴҪܲ罫սתƵ⡣
ͱһӦ𻢷ҵ˿ɽ޲ýҽ𽣶죬ĶԸȥ򡣡
ԮڽҪսҽ𽣶䲻ݡ
͸ҧ
ã
շȥ
ס֡
Ȼûշ뿪һͳɤ쳹ʿĶĤֱ졣
ַģ
ַƺѾ
𽣶ĵʧ
壬ڳˡ
һ׵ɵòЦôƽﲻһаԵΪȴһֻͷˣ
ޣ𻢣Լɵĺ
H֮ͽұԸսģµ֡
׵ɤ̺һɺεı֮飬뵱컯ɾ֮Уһ·ûнϾɱҪԼһƽûϵЩ㲻ѾûʸҶսɥĲ񣬳һ蹷
ɫԺвɵøֳ컯ɾУֵ˶İٰٰ裬ʱ޵ץ񡭡
壬˵ûһ蹷ǣһжͣѾΪҵһħֽ֮꣬նɱҽԶ٣һˣ
𻢽ȭͷֱ졣
˵ʵ𻢵Ըʩչ֮ıȡʤ߳ж˭ù䣬ܵ𾴣
ǡ
Ľ𻢣ǰֵһᣬҪսʤףֻʩչĵֶΡ
ȻҲǳƲԼֻҪܹնɱ𻢱ѡ
߰ɡ
ģһºҶԸǰڽأһս
ڴ֮ǰϣ㲻Ҫ˺ѩһëĻҶýڽǧٱس
ҧ֣ϡ
ã
塣ҳϣ컯ɾУһ·ж
Խգұ㲻Ϊǽ𽣶죬һºֽնɱر̤ƽ𽣶죡
𻢲Ц˵ţһӣһȺʿһ̨ƾʧ١
𽣶Ͽգʮѹ֡
ʦܣǱΣ侲֮󣬵һʱ꺮ů
ʦ赣ǣһжãҪ˶ãܹþȡ

ԣ𽣶һڸ߲㣬ȫüЦľϲ⣬ᣬޱȳϿҵǰҧţպ𽣶Ҫڽȫ濪սǵýϺңϺҶ㾡ȫ𽣶첢ս
ͺˬЦصľļ
ߣǴظ
飬Ҫӳǡ
͵
𽣶죬ڲٿһᡣ
λԴʲô
Ͷλšüͷ
Ҿõ֮ҪܵѼܹڶʱڻָѪ鵤ҩȵʦܳأʳϣܹá
շ
䣬ҡͷʦܱƴ֣ӵŴ˵еȪָѪԪΪ󲹡ƾǽ𽣶ҪڶʱҵõĹҩǲܵˡ
˵ˣʦ֮ܳƱؽĴԪѪϡ״̬£·Ҳʹ䳹׿
ɳƵҪ߲С
÷׷׵ͷ



1437 ūĹ
ҪҲ˰ܽڽ̵ĵӣԴΪýڽ̽ѩų
µ׸ڽ̵Ľ𻢣һӣʦ
ǱҪΪܹŤתơ
շ
һͬ⣬ֻҪץס˽ڽ̵ĵӣһŤתľ棬ҲһЩʱ䣬ַָ
ڽ̺ųɣɵȴģǲԷֻܳưͿˡ
Ϸ׷׵ͷʾͬ
УڽԻҽ𽣶Ҫ÷չģɲڽһ
˭룬ڵһʱ˷
ҿȽϢ֪ǰôǰǳı߰ա
ʱһֱûгĸ£ڵ
ףҲһð취һǰǳַΪ˸ϧĹźң½ڽҪַأǵһǰ֪ˣ϶Ӳܡ
һǰܸߣ弫˼ĽǶȣҲҪǸ߶˵ö࣬龫ǣõһ
ţֻҪһǰԸǽ𽣶ǽڽ̾ͱƵóѡ
µ飬ܿõһͨ
ãˣϵһǰ
һ޿κεĴȣֻҵģʱ䣬һǰۿ³鲻
Ϊʲôüͷһ
֪һǰڽۼ벻ɽսӡڹϣһǰ϶Ͼˡ
ͽ͵
䣬ڳĸ߲㳤ϡȫ̾
ʱһһţ̫ڲһؾС
׼ΪŵضϵŮҪɤ۸ˡ
ˣˡ
ϿյԲ̣ʱ˿תٶȣԲеľѪҲѾҪľ
仰˵ĻѪɹˡ
ɣ
Ħݿ񾭽ͷ󺹣һ˫֣дʣڣһӣԲ̸ɢǧ׭ȫʧ١
֮ϣԭọ̈̄ɫϵʱ֮ϣڸֳһĨԣ΢죬ֻϢЩ΢
Ħݿˣôˣ׵ȫǺ
ϲˣϲˡ黨Ѿɹˡ
Ħݿ˲˲ͷϵĺ飬ص³һ
ǰһĦݿ˵ļ˫֮Ķ֮ɫĦݿˣһ˴󹦣Ҫú㡣
˵ţһһƿݸĦݿˡ
ˣūԴӳΪūʼĸԸذǰ󣬸͡
һҪԼĦݿŵڵأ״
΢΢һЦֽĦݿ˸ⶼӦõġŽȻ𣬵˽ͷԲֻðѪ
˵ţʾĦݿ˽ƿ򿪡
Ħݿ˲ΡΡش׵нӹƿСšƿʱһ˵ҩӿڱǣĦݿȫһ
ǡȪ
Ħݿ˵ɴ˫һ˼ؿס
׵˵ͷ
Ħݿˣ˵ҲʥˣôΪһֱгƺѾߵ츳ľͷ
ңǵõһĻԵЯ㣬ܹΪ龳Ĵ
׷絭
Ϊ龳Ĵ֣
Ħݿ˺ݺݵһĭһʱݺᣬޱȸж
˵ԴӳΪ׵ū֮Ħݿ˲ûūһܷ˵Űʱ׻ͦƵģȫһƿɱȨˡ
ŻҪĦݿ˽龳磬ñѾң͵ĦݿˣһֻȻĸо
ף뾴η
ˣĦݿˡѾɹⶾҪõʱ䣬ܹѣ
ԱС֣һۡ
ҲҪʮµʱ䡣
Ħݿ˵˵һøˡ
ø
üͷһЩ
츳Ѫʮޡһöʥҩֵõ˽һľѪϴ裬ɲһʿܹõĻԵ
ţѹĳɾͣԶԶ
ĦݿЦݺ㡣
ײɵǰһ˵ͷһܿˣýȻˡҪϧŶԣ
˵ţ׽Сյøˡ
ߣھͽϢתľİ׻Ȼվ
ʹãʹá
Ħݿ˽ԴεúƲ˹һˣѵ֮ǰĻˣҪ̬һЩһԽ⿪ľеĸ޻˵Ҳýڽ̵Ľŵϸ



1438 
ԣ׵ͷʾ֮ͬҾֻʱѹϲõ飬ȹһʱ䣬˷ˡ
˵ʱڽ̵Ľ𻢣׵ƿصһȻ׵ߣŽ𻢰ŵߡ
ʵϣ֮䣬ǵжԻѺãᰵаߣ̽Էϸһ㣬ѾΪԼ׳ɵǱˡ
ԣҪһº𻢵սУϻɱķ¾ͱ뽫ʵս״̬ڸס
սʱ̣ԲԽʵʵչʾ
׳סһʱ
Ϊ˲˻ɣҲҪӳٳأңҪαװǳ״̬ܹŷ
һӵһתʱ⡣
ˡ
ʱһХͻأ쳹ϣţһӴѪɫֱӴӱϯ
һӱзӶѪɫΪ̰ػΧ˱ŨѪ˵ذڶβһʮܵģ
Ħݿ˱ͻȻֵѪɫһ󳷼ſվ
ȻĦݿ֪׵ıУһѪɫ˽ظѪɫĿֲϢǸеľ
󣬻Ͻҹ
ΪصѪɫ´ѪɫһײһӣͽѪɫ˱ڲ
ȻѪɫ鲻Ըȴ˿ҷ׵
ѪɫҵľѪǳѡϧ֮ǰȫѪɫóȻ߶ţһֱѹе̰
ɹ黨ѪɫɳҪɢڿеŨѪȻЩѪ㲻ϴ󲹣Ҳǿˡ
Ħݿ˹Źֵ׵һЦ
Ѫɫİ壬һ֮䣬ͿԶѪɫ˼ԣѪɫľٶȫָơ
׼ʱչأþѪϴˢ߿Ѫɫ࣬ȡѪɫǰһҾͿԴ߶Ѫɫˣ⣬ʩչ˲
һʱϲЦտԺвظֳ׵ĳһʱѪڡ
ȻûоİħǣȴٻѪɫʱұðѪɫһǳ硣
̣ޱڴ
Ħݿˣˣ֪ͨңҪʱչһʱ䡣һһϣԱ߲ԶǱƵ񴲡
Ħݿ˹Ӧ֮ƯһȪһ̲ͣɣȡʵгһճ߾硣
ͬʱһʶϯע״̬
׵ı챦ڲ
һһģһĻӰƾճһ޼ʵĽɫϿգӸ߿и£ؿ֮ϣƯ߿ͨͨѪɫࡣ
Щ࣬ΪӴÿһѪ죬Ϲھţ
Ǻǣʱ߿Ѫɫĳɳٶȷǳϲ˰
ɢʶ̽߿ʢ࣬ɵϲЦտ
һ֮
׻ûĻӰһΣͷֳһ޵ķÿһػһŻࡣ
ȣ
һ̣߸ӰĿУ³һĨɫľѪŨѪӿڱǣƢ

Ѫһ֣߿࣬ͷһεϯ̰ŰɫľѪ
⾫ѪɲǾ̳ԡ
ҡҡͷһϯľѪһûŨѪֱӽѪɫУʼһ̲ͣϴˢ
ת֮䣬ֹȥʮʱ䡣
У߿Ѫɫ࣬þѪϴˢѪ⣬߿˼Ϊʢ
ףƺѾܹܵ߸Сںҡ
׿е߿Ѫɫ࣬ʮڴ
Ҫ˶ãѪɫͽҲһδѪɫʱ򣬡˲Żչֳ
ˡ
ʱһ׵Ժ֮УĦݿ˵
ҸղŸһ״̬һϢʮװ黨ң˼Ϊʢ
ŵǣľΪȻҲõһηǳ
Ħݿʮּ
ɫһϲæһӱڲջ˫ϵ
Уϲ



1439 ߵ
ʶһھϵһɨɵǰһһզп
ĺ¡ɢƣȻѾƽ˰벽Ԫ磬֮Ҫ˶ãܹ벽Ԫ磬Ϊһʥ
ػһȭͷ
ȻһøڷһöʥԼþѪϴ跥֮˵츳Ѫһɳ죬õ˾޴ɱ䡣
ò˵˷ɱĳ̶ȣĿࡣ
תһ룬Ƿһöʥһʿɱ䡣һĹ櫣ͯʱ򣬷һöʥҳַʥȪչؿޣܹ츳Ѫʮ޵£ԼľΪӵŻĹʵסˡ
ɹ̷һöʥǱ
Ѫ
Ȼƽ̯ƣ߶壬ӿ³һﴮ쾫Ѫ

ɫѪ׵Ŀ֮£ɿѹۣձһöԼĪ쵰СĽɫԲ顣
Ž壬Ѫ繯
һĻѰʿУһĿ࣬š
ˣǣ
Ħݿգգ˫ۣһŹֵؿס
ҽڽųɵľѪѹ۳һűѪ顣һ˵Ѫ״̬һǧɡ
ؾǽ𻢵Ҷţ쳣ǰڽأ𻢶սʱٽűѪ븹Уָܹ̾״̬
΢΢һЦоȫųɵľѪһ뿪ûжã˾ͱΪήңڵԪҲƺЩƿصơ
ǶıĦݿ˲źۼһƨ
ǺǣҵľѵȺʱˣǱء
һһӣһɾ֮С

һ˫ͿԲ԰׵ӣɵǰһ͵һԾ׵ĻУ˫ֽ˵ʲôҲԸ֡
ָ硭
ҾȻûң˳˼ĺɾ
Ū׶һ
ãûΣһжġ
ؽԼĻУΪĦ໬۵ӡ
ָ磬һΪҽڤظҲûлأ
ᣬ̵ͦظ׼ʵţԸ뿪
ҵĴ黨ҷģӽһܵίܵ˺
ڸ¶Ļ֣Һܿͻ׷Ī
ᶨ
罺һС£Ħݿ϶Щεؽͷƫ˹ȥ׻˵ӣĦݿ˿ɲð
ãŲɿعһǣãߣȳءľ壬ҽ𽣶ĸ߲㣬ȫھء
׵ļϣһ˳С˵ģ
𽣶塣
Щӣ𽣶һڸ߲㣬ҵĳľȫת
˵ױչҲһµʱˣȴȻûгأÿһ˵һּ尾

һգһȫװ񣬡ţһɢ޼⣬˵Ҫ𽣶¡
ԣͲɵ΢΢һ
¡շ硢ˣҲ˫Щ˼
ɢҪǽ𽣶죿
һһӣ
ǣ
ȥܿ죬ʹԼĪһǧʿӿ
ݼŴˣ
ݼŴˣ
ǧɢޣһţ͹ظ͹ÿһɢ޵񣬶ʮֵȡ
Ǻηʥ˷Ϊζ
Ͳ̲ʵ
ɢȺУһԽڶ񣬡ǰǼϴɢޣ˵˽𽣶밵ħĶԿУºպսԶ𽣶ţԼ̫ķףǧѰӢۺܣ⼯ܹ𽣶죬ΪһԱ
Žػ£ϧðΣգ봫˵еĲڤʶԿִ¼Ƿǳ壬ԣЩɢޣŻһɢԸϣܹ׷ڽңţǰҲްԹԡ
ϣǰܹǣȻ츳֮ӣһǻѪһų֮ģ
ٵɢ޷׷׳֮ͣУ͸¶ڽ𽣶㽡



1440 ľ
ǰһƬϣȺ鼤ɢޣΪ𽣶ͣĻŭš
ôûϵڽ𽣶նħս֮󣬻Զ𣬾ȻϴɢޣҪ𽣶£Ϊ𽣶һӣ
Ҫ֪һͬǰնħţǷǳ֮࣬Ǹ񣬲ƴֵĴڣ𽣶ոĶ˵ٲȻҪĳ
˭롭
ս۽ͷǽ𽣶Сɣ
ͷѹ享̫쵼ĻĹźң
ֻЩεǣЩɢ޵ĿУһڳ޵Ĳ𣬶̫ķף
˵ɢޣо󲿷ֶǳģ
ҪȻΪʲôȡΪۺţҪ𽣶Ķأ
׵ķͷ̫ʢˣ
ãá
ǼȻһƬ֮ģҽ𽣶ȻĮؽǸ֮⡣
ֻҪǽ𽣶죬Ҫ˳ͨС
һĳ
Ȼ˵𽣶ڷٷչĹͷɵӣز١ǣҲʲô˶ܹ𽣶ġ
һǵжԵףǽ𽣶ɾˡ
飿
ǰľʲô
һ£ˬͶ֮䣬Ϊš
ȺУвپԵͣ츳һɢޣʱ¶ɫ̾
ͳԵշʹһɫ
շ統̴ľվǧ˵ɢǰһЦʵ飬ǳ򵥡ҪǷͶǶһƬ֮ģô¹ʲôΪǽ𽣶춼߲ܡ
ԣڳɢޣȫ³һޱȼؿշ硣
ղײգҾпˡ
շһһͭ˳⻬ƽӲɣƺǸĹ
ǡľܹģһžѪģӽһΪ𽣶ЧΪ𽣶µӣڡڷĵĹУΥģôľܹ̾
շеľٿǰɢޣǸֳһĨζЦ⡣
ԣڳɢȫһһð
˭ûϵ𽣶ᰲһˣ̽ɢǵġ
ͶҲͰˣȻܹԸԳسΪ𽣶µӡһǱĿģ̾ͻᱻľʶ
ʱշ𿼺˵ųϣ¾ûô˵ˣһڵһʱ佫ɢס̱ƹʵŪ

һɢ޸׵ʱ̣Խڶһȵߵշǰշеľҧ⣬Ѫģϣ
Уľľ棬ûзһĲʣ˲޶ģ˵ĻԱġ
á
ʲô֣͸ƶЦΪ͵ؿꡣ
ţţɡ
깰ֻӦ
һţɣҷǳϲ㣬ˣ͡
Ц
ܿ죬һŮһţɵǰһЩҹ飬ȱ
лźӸмţϴϲ⣬л
ڳĸ¡ꡢշˣȫӶЦ
ţɣҿ㣬ֱЧգӽ󣬾ֱ쵼ŵӡһұ˰סȡװʲô⣬ʦʦѯʱǡ
һĲЦ⡣
䣬ڳһɢޣȫͶ˼ΪĽ
ֻΪǳէֱܹӳΪŵӣɢĴ
ʱвɢޣѾʼĦȭƣ׼Ƚпˡ
ţҡҡ
˭룬̵ţɣȻͨһڵأһֹģ˿öʮ־ᡣ
ţ
ʲô˵޷ͽüһ壬Щá
ѵţɣ͵ͽ𲻹ְ࣬λߣ
ҪĻδЩ۸ֵͣ˲ϲ
ɵĿУţŤ˰ΣڵʵʵҪ̫˵£׷ˣ
˵ţţ̧ͷᶨؿͣɫϾ

䣬ȫΪ֮һ۷׷ףĪ
ţɣȻȻܾ˼壬Ҫ̫£޻˵
ţרűŽģؽ𽣶챾ķչǰԴ
Ȼ˵ţһƬ֮ģǣʢ£ȻܾŵķͣתͶһ£ŵ棬պҪͷأˡ
ò˵ţɵ̣еֲͣԲˣдɾ͡
𽣶һڸ߲㣬һΪؿţɣȫţɵƫִľٶЦˡ



1441 ﲻ
͵鴤һ¡
˷ʥͣҲ⡣
˵ʵ͵֪ţ֮ԾܾԼķͣΪҪ̫һʱ򣬲ֺֺЦ
Լý𽣶𣬾Ȼһ̫ķġ
ЦţɾȻΪ˰£ϧԼɵÿɰ
ܿ죬ڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽͵ϣڴ͵ľߡ

ص³һеɨȥһĨƵЦ⣬ĵСӣеûʽΪҽ𽣶ĵӣ͸Ҳӡ
ţпһײͷ৶䡣
ֻһҪ㡣
ͻһתڲõĽҾͻὫ֮λ壬ʱŽǽ𽣶𡣶ǣǰһλ£ڽƹܡ
ԣڳһʿɵǰһƺ׼Ϊ𽣶һĺϢ
лſʾ֪ˡ
ţһϲæԵʮΡ
ҿһƬ֮ĵķϣʱҲͲǿ㡣Ƚ֮Խ壬Ը⽫̫壬޻˵
Ҫǽ岻Ը㣬ǵʱҲˡ
вڳɢޣȴ͵Ц
ʵϣǽ𽣶ٷչʱڣΪǾԲὫǰͶɢ޸֮ġ
֮ôֻǲϣͶɢޣ̫һӶʹ̫һҶԶԶѹķ壬ɽ𽣶ṹʧ⡣
лš
ţɳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵һԣƲסЦ˻
һ
շֳľָһȹŮ
Ůǰ̹ȻľĿˣܿѪģͨ˿顣
ţϣܹ̫һ
֮ͨŮûͿڣȱԸ
ˣ͡
Цܿ죬һŮǰҹ顢ȱʹ͸Ů
źӸм
ŮҾ
һ
һ
ܿ죬ǧɢޣһһ˿ˣа˸ɢû֮ͨ⣬ɢޣȫ˳ͨ˿ˡ
ֻǽ˷ǳ𾪡
ǧɢޣоȻһǧˣҪ̫һ
ֻٶɢޣܲסİٰջ󣬲ŷ˼̫һΪ˱ķĵӡ
ǡ
Ѿǳˡ
ȻһͶʿǳġ
ķЩ޴棬ؼҪһطȥ
Ϊͣͷβϲ£졣
û취Ϊ𽣶ʣ˴ѪҺǿ𽣶ʵζǸ˵ġ
ˣ˸ϲļһΣ̱ƹҵҪЩһͼҽ𽣶죬Ǻξġ
͵Ŀ⣬˰˸δͨ˵ɢ޵ϣ
ҪҪҴΣҳϣ֮Ҫ𽣶죬ҪŽ͵ѧа۷ֻһʱͿǾʹдҵһƨ˰գ
һʵˣͨһڵأͣؿͷл
ޣƾʲôҸΣûһƬ֮ģҲûʸҵɣ
һ֣ȫڵ׳ʮֲҪ뿪
͡
˭룬û׳ڿնշеһһâֱӹᴩ׳ͷ­
һһʬڴʯϣѪŽĿġ
˳ͨ˿˵ɢޣضŵϵʬɵһëȻΪ¡
ûͨ˵ɢޣһü˳ۣǴϽħѺ뿪ʼգҴ
ͬʱŮ첽ʱ䣬ͽϵʬϣȻһ£ɼˡ
һ֮󣬽𽣶ĸ߲㳤ǣһ˼ϣҳľЩ跹˼ҹЪĥ¿һڴⲽüͷ˭ᡣ

ڶգһţǧɢޣ˵Ҫ𽣶죬Ϊµӡ
ʲôɢͶ
ǽ𽣶һĳͷˣѾ˾֪ˡ
׻˵ߵ£ǽ𽣶аսУչֳһӦеػȣȻӢۺͶˡ
ҲЩɢޣҲǱŽģ
շ硢ˣһϲЦտϲ£졣



1442 

ϲ󣬺ƴ档
ţһοɲЩɢѡɽˣĻǸֻܱɳк컨Ҷˡ
ţ̫ĵ̫ˣͲƽ»ڲṹʧ⣬Ǹɽĵһ𺦡
ַʵ̫ˣڵȫԼ̳֮λڣɽڣͲҲ׾١֮£ЩһȺˡ
ڸɽķȫһɬؿͣϣܹıһɲŵĲԡ
֮Ͷǽ𽣶죬ȻǵĿǡӦˣһøˣˡҪǴ˳ȥԺ˭Ͷǽ𽣶죿
ڼĿ飬ţҪʣȫԶѰҿ֮ģ£Թص
䡣ȫɫһ䣬ҲҶһ䣬¼ŭ͡
˵⼸Ҳ֮ʿҪȻҲܳΪ
ǣױ͸ֵһˡ
ľΪµӣΪ𽣶Ĺףûһܹȵ׵İٷ֮һ
һ㣬϶С
ܿ죬ǧɢޣӿһ͹ظҾ
֮ǰͬǣ˷ǰͶɢޣȫͳһʽװһ֯ʿɢޡ
ңŮһ彡˶֣ǶǳǿƺͬһѪˡ
ɢôΪδͳһʽۣ
ͿżɽֱԼеʡ
ǰǱǧǹˡ
ҵǣһǰͬǧϵŸˣǹܹʮˣٸ棬ǲķӣȫɱȻǹ˷ֵҲֻһ˳
ҴĹ޼ҿɹ飬Ϊ˵塣
һӵ׳Խڶһһʮ˵ڲ֮ǰ˵˽𽣶ţ˵ŽаսеĴ¼ǹ˷ǳж
ԣǹһ;Ͷ𽣶졣ϣǰܹǡ
ӵ׳
ǰǣ
ǰǣ
ڳǧˣ׷Ҿ
ǧǵĹˣ
˵ˣ˵һ壬ó䣬ޡǧУһ
û뵽һӵʮ˵ǿţȻҲţˣǸʲô
ڳշ硢µ۷׷ס
ţȪʼħһʵţͬǰħĿ֪ʲôԭһֱûб
֪ŵԶԶģΪʲôܹ˸Ͼɱ
üͷһ壬ЩɵؿǰȺ
ǰǵõ˰ħ֧֣ŵǹ˿սģңǳǹٿһȵѱʢʱͻȻɱһֲǹ˲أѱ߽ޣ˹ȥ
ǰǹ֮Ͷ𽣶죬˽ĵġ
׳ʵ˵аսУǵ֪ŽǸӢۣڻԵɺ֮£õа۵ķ򴫳Уδпܼ̳а²֮ӣǰ;⣬Ϊնħϧ֮Ժ󡣶𽣶ˣҲǵѪжԣϣгһգ𽣶ܹǹ屨ѩޣŸ𣬽ħϾɱ
ŸϾɱ
ħϾɱ
ڳĹˣһػȭͷг絶һԹĿ⡣
ԭǰħ磬ѹƽɽ¶ˮţܹˣȡ߽׵ޡ
ͻȻͷ
¡շˣһһЦԭͶĹ˻о֮ģ£ȴ΢˽񾭡
Ҫ֪һŵĹˣɲһɵ飬ȽϵرɢҪѵĶࡣ
Ͼɢ޶ǶҲȺ໥֮û̫Ľ飬ھİ𽣶֮󣬻׹ѱ䣬ҲŪʲôӡ
˾Ͳһˡ
ȻǰĹֻǧ࣬ͷ˵ĿпԵ֪ҴĹһ࣬һ˳سΪ˽𽣶һӡ
ôŵȶгһǳв
Щܷӹ𽣶ĵܷгǺǰһ⡣
⣬һͼı죬˲˵Ķ飬ȫԶҡ𽣶ĸڽ𽣶Ӱ



1443 
ɤӣ˵עԼ֮ɻʵǹˣ˵Ҵ֮ࡣȻڶʱڶɽ𣬵ǣҪһ壬׾ٵġ
Ϊʲô㲻ѡţҪͶǽ𽣶أ
üͷ΢΢š
¡շ硢͵ˣȫͬصͷѯʵĿ⿴ˡ
һֻ꣬Ӧǰ˵ǹ˵ȷй뷨ġ
˾ܹڻĹҵĺ壬һǳǿĿɽõŵ˸Ͼɱ
һ٣ǣܿ뷨ͱǸˡΪǹȻҴˣһ࣬УսֻǧˡҪ壬ܵãǲܵġ
ںӣͶ𽣶죬׷Žԣһͷ
һһʮػش
ͷٲȻشΪ⡣
ʲô֣ҴĹˣͷôͿꡣ
꣬ϢȣжϣԼĪԪΪǸʥߡ
ڳǧУ⣬Ԫʥߣ֮⣬Ϊͻ
ҽаͶգǹĶӣƿػȨ
ӡ
á
һĴȣЦͶգˣͶǽ𽣶죬һǳõľţǽ𽣶һǹһõδ
Яҹм
ͶæлڳǧˣҲ׷׹
ھͿԸһŵ
ͳֻҪǹˣȫͨճϵľ顣ô̻ʹһɽǹˡ
ͶգΪɽķǽ𽣶ĸ߲㣬Ϊ³ϡ
ǹηͣţȫһ˵㡣
Цݺ㣬һſڣ͸˻һͼ
˻
䣬𽣶ĸϣȫһһ˼ؿ͡
˭ûϵͻһеĹˣңֱʹһɽ壬ùˡ
ڣͶոΪ𽣶ĸ߲㣬ƽƽλ۳ϡ
Ҫ֪ڰշȱɳϵУǷҪɹˣҲҪǧ˸״ɢڸɽУңԲκһίΣһĹ˽ľ߲㡣
ûУȻҪʹ͸ǹһɽ壬ǹ˵Žһ𣬳Ϊ𽣶һӡ
֮ǰڵǹ˲ܵ𽣶ãе˶ᱻɢ·䣬û뵽𽣶˵عʮ㣡
ºˣǹһ԰𽣶Ĵ£ǹ
ڳǧڹˣȫһ˼ؿͣ־ϲм㡣
𣿡
״ţİͶգԭأžҵöûܻع
ζûϵ𽣶ӹˣõһ
ʱΪţʧı࣬ȫɢһůӿţůġ
ţǸûбҪˣ׻˵֮Ĳޣǲ̫ðˣ

ҽ𽣶⣬Ӣۺܣ־֮ʿǰͶֹؼʱ̣ǿɲܽһĶֵأΪЦķ֮ģ˲Ÿ֮⡣
Ҳˣ֮ûѡĹ֮ĺ壬ҽ𽣶죬ҪõЯܵá
ҼȻѾҪɹˣȻҪǵԸĻ˼ҽ𽣶죬ҲĹĳΪҽ𽣶Ч
˵ˣֻҪܹ˳ͨճϵľ飬ǾûɻǵĶ
ͽе뷨֪
΢΢һٶԡ
͵ĻУôǾ˼ǵģһʱ嶯ң͵ľҲûӵɡ
飡
ֵİͶգͨһڵأֹסӿһ˵ʧ̬
ҰͶգˣлŵĴ£ҷģҹ˴ӽ󣬽ȫȫ⸨𽣶죬ϵɽ»𺣣޶
ϣصؿͷ



1444 ɻڴ
ȫȫΪ𽣶Чͣϵɽ»𺣣޶
ȫȫΪ𽣶Чͣϵɽ»𺣣޶
ڳһڹˣһӰͶչлȫݷڵأŰݡ
𽣶ĳϣȫΪһۣ¶õЦݣΪ֮ͷ
ʣΪ͵ĿðͶеĹȫõأҵ˼ҵĸо
һˣˡƽȡÿһ˶ܹͨľĿˡ
Цݺ㡣
ͶתͷͶһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ɳȵҲˣǹɽǹҪ֪ͼǸͿҲϧ
գ˭ûͨľĿ飬ôҴ壬ֱӽ𣡾ްؿ
Ͷӣ


ڳĹˣȫӦг
ľĿ飬ῼǷġֻҪԽ𽣶ĹδĻ죬ôһܹͨ顣
ÿһ˵츳ѪΪܷͨȴȫûһĹϵ

ȻͶһӣֱӴӱٻǧˡ
ͻȻֵǧˣý𽣶һڸ߲㳤ϣȫ΢΢һ׷ɢʶ̽Щ˵ĵϸ
ȥؿЩͻȻǰĹˣһЩ棬߸ɴ޷ķӡ
ǧ棬ӣһڴУһ̵عսսصʹͷӸ߲㳤ϵĿ⡣
ѾڱУͨˮ״ͬתǿˡǶڵҲʮ˽⡣
֪Ƕڼ𽣶ɷ飿
Ͷ̺һɵ̬ȡ
û顣
Ӷӵİţ顣
ǧ棬ӣæӦ
Щˣܹ˵شþǰͶЩʿķ֣񣬰ͶͶ𽣶죬ΪѰһׯЩ棬ӣȻκε顣
ʵϣǸûлȨͶ֮Իѯǵ̬ȣֻϵذˡ
ã
ͶոƶЦ
ǿʼա
շЩֳͣľʼߴٰͶա
Ͷյ첽ǰշǰʼľĿ顣
ΪͷˣͶȻҪʡ
ܿ죬Ͷվ˳ͨľĿ飬ӮúȲʡ
һ
շŰͶյ˵ͷЦе
ʱˣһһɵؽľĿ飬ÿһ˵ϣżֽŵɫ
˴죬ǧʿȫһ˳ɹľĿ顣
ý𽣶ĸ߲㳤Ϸǳ⡣
ˣȫվһҽͬʱǽпˡ
շ翴һʣǧ桢ӣԸ
£ǧھ۽һ𣬵ȺľĿˡ
շʶһֱӽǧȫʶ֮Уţ߶ľӾһ⣬ÿһˡ
ʱ䣬ͳˡ
ͬģǧˣһȫͨ˿ˡ
Ͷգͳ˧зܹ˵̵ر޶ģǸ֮ġ
ЦԸϣ𽣶ڲɽǳ֮࣬ŹѡһЩҲһɣɡ
ǣš
ӣƮƮ£˰Ͷյ˵ǰŹ˳֮Ӷȥ
֮ǰһǧлԲ׸

ҽ𽣶쿴ҪɻڴˡУʥ߼ĸ֣һӽҽ𽣶ĸʵ˲١
ϲ緢
ϲţ
ϲţ
ϣ׷׹ϲ
ʦ֣ʲôôˣ
ʱŷԶĦݿˡ
ৡ
䣬ڳȫǰһ־ϲؿס
ַ
壡
ڳˣǽǵȵú࣡
ɲǼ䣬еĳϡȫһԵش̴ľϷɱ£һӵ׵ԣæ꺮ů
ľһײײزȺ׵ǰǺƺǧҪ˵һʱֲ֪Ӻ˵ֻһֳס
ʦܣôСʵ
΢΢һЦƣʲôʱôʧһΣغȻʧ֡
˵ţһӣһٻӰƾճ˵ǰǳϸüӣС죬˭
̫ˣɹȻһ漣
׻˵Ѽ飬һѣַĸ齫ø񣡡
Ϊ˾ȻһοðΣգûʧ֣Ǽ࣡
۷׷ףһĿȣѵؿػ
ͶĻĿ⣬һʱЩ޴룬س׵½ǣСһ㿿׵ԡ

ľһץסźۣȪӿ˵
塣
ľĻУû£뵣ǡָ磬Ϊ˾ң˴ľѪֹۡ
䣬ڳˣȫעתƵ׵ϡ
ʦܣϢȻƲᰡ
ʶһɨʱҽһеؿס
ˣаµʱ䣬ַҪϸڽأ𻢾һս״̬ԣ½׶༪١
һжǽµȦףɶǣǰʶıҲòĻף֮ݡ
壬ʵǽ壡
ڳĸϣһпΪ׵״̬еǡ



1445 ط
ʦ֣λϣǷģҲ޴󰭡ºҶŽ𻢵ͷǰϺң
Ԫɫ԰ֽƿ籩еһյƣʱпϨ
ǣ̬ȣƺеһо֮Уޱȵֹۡ
ȣ೤̾ѡ
壬Ҵңмľ֮
ľ̬ŵúܹܵͣ𽣶ϲĸҵĸԵ
ģһȥ֮󣬶ὫðΣΪⶾ飬һһʮظ֪šţĸĸмġ
ʱ򣬲ȥҸҪŰݷãлĴ£
ɫ԰ֽףľʮΡ
񡣡
׻æǰľЦݲãˣҵŮˣӦ߾ȫⶾ̸ʲô¡
ľ׵˫֣жᡣ
㡣
ʱ֪ʲôط˹ֱ֣ϲЦտܹɹȣ̫ˡ֪ڵ֪ж֮ҵ춼ţҲҵĺýˡ
˵ţ˼شͷ˵ʵҶǴһ䱸֮ĵģָó裬Ӷܵ䡣
ǣ֪ΣյʱһǷĵϣܹ﷢ģֻҪһܹ˳ӽҾҲˣ
һŷ۵촽
ȫΪ֮Ц
һɰŮ
á
ǵС֣ЦǴӽҲϾˣҪԴˣһչָ磬మͷϡ
ص˵ͷ
ʱСӵһЦ绨
ǺøܹôõСأɷˡ
ǸӢۺܣԹ˰Ӣۣ޿ɺǡǣͬʱӵˣȴܹദǢý
ַΪһĴˣһҪѣܹĸԸظ壬ΪŮˣܳĹ¼ţҲ˺ܴģǶŴ󰮵Ůˣǳΰ󡣡
۷׷ףΪܰһĻе
ף㡣Ϣôۻ룬ȫǴ󲡳ӡɿеһ
Դ׽컯ɾʼʮ㳣չгһգܹ׵ԣͬʿ๲ѡ
ò˵ЩĽǳ
ԭΪھΪϣᱻԼԶԶ˦˭룬¸ɢۻϢȻֿҪԪƣʧɫ
Ȼ˵ʮͬδɣΪ˽߾磬ҹЪʮּࡣ
ǡ
ٶȣδҲֲ̫˰գ
Ҫ֪츳Ѫɲڣ̶ʮʱڣԲ˷츲صɱ䡣
ٶȣ¾ʮĹʣҲ˶ѡ
ৡ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢ˴󲡳һ治ѡ
ţľΪȻﵽ˰벽Ԫ磬ǰʥĴڣ
ҾԲһǰһϢܹ˶ݵʱڳ׿һ̥ǣ
ŽñѪϴ裬˵һĻԵˡֻûϵЧ˵Ȼһ˰벽Ԫ磡
Ϊ˵ʮĹеһĴڣȻܹڶ̶̵ʱڣʥʲôʱҲܹõһᣬŽñѪϴͺˡ
ڳһ˵ȣڸܵۻϢʱȫΪ֮һΪ۷׷
һνѣø
ľЦݲã׻˵Ѳк󸣣˳ϲҡ
ͶĽĿ⣬׵ʹһʱЩ˼׵½ǣһУǰָͣ˭ҵɾء
һᵽףЩ°ͣߡ
վһԣô޲ҲñѪԼϴ衣
ͷһָ̻ƽûȡ֣෴ΪĽеԵøˡ
ʦܣıѪֱ鵤ҩȻԽľزֱ˹Ŀ࿴
͸оЩڸΪ˼ؿס
΢΢һЦڽⶾʱ򣬸̷˴󲹵ĵҩԣܹ˳Ľ
ټñѪϴˢĽǣ˵ӽõ츳Ѫһء
׵



1446 Ƭ
ԣڳһ˵ȣһͷ
ԭڽⶾĹУ鵤ҩŴʹ˾޴Ľ׵ıѪ˾˵̲Ч
׵ıѪĿ鵤ҩĻʿᰵд׵ˡ
׾ʲô鵤ҩײû˵͵Ҳûм׷ʡ
϶Ƿǳĵҩ
Ͼ׵У˵еȪвٵģòƴ֡
塣

罺ľЩ˼س˵Դ黨֮¶ˡҾûǾ콫ϢҲǡ
ľѯʵҪȻһңͷ𽣶ɾ
һ˵ҪߣʱĲ⣬СԴҡúƲ˹һҪҲŲҪȥءָ˵ˣӽϵɽ»𺣣ҡҲԸ뿪벽ˡ
ڼ鷳ҴŰɡ
Сʤ»飬ȫһҸСŮ˵ģĶԸľײɢԧС£
⻹ûʽأôŷˣ
׻˵Ůóȥˮ˳ϲҡû뵽һת۾ͽҸһɶˡ
ľЦеشȤһ䣬û̫⣬ת͵˸ǣ㾶Էɳһӣٻһ̨ܿͲϣʧ١
ʦܡ
һڻǽеĵǸ˵˳֮ǰ𻢴ս飬Ҳˡǽ𻢷һȦףǧмư
ڳĸϡȫ׷׵ͷ
һһң׵֣ȫõĵס
ԣײɵÿЦһڽЮҵͽѩһսұȥ
Ǻ磬Ҳη塣
ʱһýѪծѪ׷Ī
͵߬ȭͷҧ
ǣ״̬
ֹ

΢΢ҡͷһЦ뵱ҵǹƥԲڤʣη壬˽һĴڣ
׵УɢһԱţ壬ȫƿء
ԣڳһڸ߲㣬ȫӿЦٶԡ
ʦ֡
ۿȻЩģ׵һЦҲ֪ҿǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӡһ֮䣬ܹ컯ɾ
ʱ򣬾Ҳн𻢣Ҳܹκ˶סҡ
ԣһսûк֮ǵġ
׵
䣬²ɵǰһɤ۵࣬΢΢ء
ãôڰºǱһǰڽأһ
͸ƶЦһʱɡ
׵ͷһЦ
ʦܡ
Դڳ벻ڤʴսһ֮ǽ𽣶ǳ״ʱΪٵɢޣ׷ǰͶ
УʿǱġ
Ǹǽ𽣶´ˣ
Ц
ɢ޶Ͷǽ𽣶𣿡
һ¶Ц⣬ǽ𽣶ҪɻڴˡȡΪһ
ʦܣо󲿷ֵɢޣΪִҪ̫壬ΪĵӡΪ𣬲ý˲ž֮⣬˽ԴӦϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ģÿһɵɢޣѾľĿ飬޶ġ
͵
ʲô󲿷ֵɢޣִҪ̫һ
ЦЦͷʦַģֻҪڣԲÿһ˲š
˵ţҪᲽ̫һȥ
ʱһڣڵأţĹŷҵʥӷ
ʦܣֵˡЦ׼뿪ף˻֣
Ҵȥ
ܿ죬üĿķ֣ʹ뷢԰׵ߣͦصز
·֣ݼλǰ
ֹظ͡µ
ʦѵֵܣ屡죬ҽ𽣶죬Ͳؾˡ
Ͱ˰֡
ֹһЦյ׵ǰһܱ֣ڿľˣŵʿڽڴĴ¼ֵܵģей⣬Ϊеˡ
ЦǫֻһЩҳݡ
ף֣Ϊʲô
ɿףȻ
̾һ¾ͽȥֽһ
֪ǽ𻢰˸¶Ϊ׵Ԫ޷ӭսʱ򣬷ֱ£ֳһ罣ɱҪţ¼̾ҪɱϽڽ̣Ϊֻһˡ



1447 
ޣ𻢼ֱһСˣΪɵʥӣӦ䣬̹̹ȻĵΪ˲ݣҲȫµЦ
֣˵һĹŷҲյ˽ڽ̵ºһĹŷҵĳϣͻӦԼΪǾһսļ֤ˡؼʱֵ̣ܵģȻȱϯ
ޱȵ÷߿𻢵ʮ˴һ飬һʱĭɣ޲ýǧУң˵ԭһԽ𻢵еǳ⡣
Ϊƾ𻢵ʵĶ֡ǵʮ֮ԼȻڣڹϣ𻢱Ҹڱܱܷͷǡû뵽㷢ǧŵĸ߲ǰڽس䵱֤ˣƺֵòһ
ҲףԭһȦףĲǶ֣ͰС
ҧгݡ
׵һЦһΪȻ̬
֣ô죿³һýƵס
ʼ򣬡ѩҵͽܣȳʦģԴ˵ţһ٣Цģ𻢵ĵСǰɵþСҼңΪǡ
һ׵һ仰һ
ȻˣҾͷˡ
ֲһЦȻһת֣˵Ҵ˷ǰ󡣡
󣿡һ
ûĹŷҵʥӣȻҪ鷳Լ
ϡ
תͷԵһ뷢԰׵ߡ
ǰһͳһƴСĽƬɢı⣬ͨҺɫ
ִӰߵнӹƬݵ׵С
׵ԴӿƬĵһʱͲɵΪ֮һţɢʶϵв̽
ƴСĽƬϣԿһöϵķģֻģֻʣһ룬Ĳ֣޼Ѱ
Ȼöģֻʣһ룬ǣȻΪ̾ز̽˼飬ŽƬػ֡
ƬǴĶõģ׿żɽ
˵ƬһĹŷҵһλϣʱһصĿռѷУӶ񵽵һƬ
һһʮ
Ŀռѷм񵽵ģ
΢΢һɵզпǿ϶ǷһءʮƶöƬϲķжϣҸҿ϶ö̺ķ壬ǳ֮֡
˻
䣬ȫ˵עȫе˷еĽƬ֮ϡ
öƬϵķģ̺ķ壬Ȼǳ֣֮
ζʲô
ζöƬпһķƬ
֣˵öƬпһƬ
һʱ伤֣ѵ˵֮Уҵа۵һż
ȻƬϵķģǳ֣֮ôʮа˾žа۵ĽˡϾ˵ӡУˣҲа۶ѡ
֮ǰħڤ޵ҵа۵ֹǣòڤʵںϣһٲ벻۷徳磬ͷһʱ
ǻĹŷڤ޵һ˵ҵа۵һżôпܻ֮ľϲ
ҵжöȱķģ̺ķ壬аǽȻͬġ
ҡҡͷǣܹжöȱķ̺ķ壬Ϊ·ӣа۵ķ崦ͬһȼģֻд˵еˣܹ
ԣƾһƬϵΪҵа۵һżֹ̫ˡ
ȻˣҲųԡϾ˵еɲܺԭس֮С
׵
˼ص˵ͷţСؽƬԵİ볤ϣЦ֣˵ǻĹŷΪһƬѾ߰ǧˣؿռѷ֮Уͼնһҵżڡ
ϧ˴ʧ
ֿյҡͷ˵ǳǻĹŷҺųѰңѰоǽ˵Ĵڡǣؿռѷ֮УڵļȨϣѰ̩ɽûҵڡ
ʲô
һڳҲΪ֮һ
ΪѰҵĻĹŷңʢѰʦ񣬾Ȼûܹҵżڣ
δҲЩ̫ˡ
ѰҶûҵڣ룬ܿڲڿռѷ֮Уѹûʲôż
׷
ҡͷ֪ѰʦȻûҳڣǣȴϳ˿ռѷеķˮãȻһķˮַˮһ㶼ۼˮģǿռѷûżΪλоˮ󣿶ңˮ󲢷Ȼγɵġ



1448 ȳ
ɵΪ֮һռѷһΪľˮ󣿡
һˣ׼ƶصĿռѷڲǲһżֻżڣһʱҵˡ
ǲаżƾöƬͷǳֵȥ̽һզ̾
ûҪҵżǴ˵еаżڤ޵һܹҵа۵źʱǻĹŷƱؽɻڴ
µͷͬ
֣Ҵ˷ǰڰæ֮гǻĹŷһ𣬽ռѷѰżڡ
һֿģֻҪܹ˳ҵżڣһĹŷҾԲ㣬Ϊ˱ǻĹŷҵĳ⣬ԴŽ𽣶ͬǰ
ԣڳһ˵ȣȫ΢΢һ
ĹŷҾȻ˵Ŀ󷽣Ը׽ż̽ң׼Я𽣶ĵһͬǰ
Ƕô
ʱ͡շ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ䵽׵ϣÿһ˵ȫ˿
ʣڽ𽣶˵һĸˣֻҪ״Ӧ𽣶ͽлżѰ
һʱϲЦտͷӦ֣ƾֻ֮꣬ҪҪæҾϵɽ»𺣣ҲϧοǻĹŷң˵
֡Ӧˣ
΢΢һûϵˬʹӦ
ζһЦķֵļ򣬼üŪ۵ôѵҪʨӴ󿪿ڣǻĹŷҪĶžú
ҪĻҿɾͲˡ
ɤӣװҪʨӴ󿪿ڵģ
֣ͱˡ
شһ׵ţЦƬ̺󣬺Ȼһתɵ֣ʵǻһҪϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
һһɻصȴŷֽĻ
Ҳ֪ǻĹŷңѰңѰ̩ɽĴڡ
ǻĹŷҵѰʦȻûҵżڣҪһСϢҪǴȥǻĹŷҵɷǳӵӰ죬ԣϣǽ𽣶ˣܹؿƿ
ֵʹͷŤŤ˵
ԣ͡¡շˣɵһЦ
֣赣ǣֲδµĻƿɶʲô˵ʲô鲻˵ǻǷֵġ
ģż飬ǽ𽣶ˣԲ͸¶ڷġڳˣǽ𽣶ĺĸ߲㣬ŵùˡ
׳ֿ
֣Ҵ𽣶ŵһ㾡ȫظĹŷѰżڣС֮ġ
պǳʲôأ㾡Ҫ˵
ӣ
лǰֻæҾ
а£ҾҪڽأ𻢽һսڴ֮󣬵ҵ壬һᾡǰĹŷңѰżڡǷɹҶ㾡ȫ
ʮѰҵѰʦδҵżڣܹɹĻᣬҲǺܴ
Ȼ׶ýһѰۣܹһżпǳ֣֮Ϊ£ȫǷӵܹͨ󼰵ġ
֣ౣء
ºһڽڽأź
ֹһ׸
׽һͳԳ̫Ӷȥ
ݼ
μ
׸һ䵽̫ɽ䣬̫һĵӣͷ׷׹

ٴᲽ׵ǰ񣬡ڰǰǧɢޣ̫һѾǰոԵľΪڲְͬλϣһϸĿ
ٴΪ̫һĹټңµˮ©
׵Ŀ⣬ϸһɨ˵ͷЦٴĲҪЩ¼ĵӹ淶ɣȷĿ꣬ɷȵϰߣǾӦ̫һΧܸ̫һˡ

ٴӦ
׵˵ͷҪɽϵһٴ첽ǰɫε˵Щ¼ɢޣȫĿȳߣ쳳Ҫһ棬㿴
΢΢һЦã¼ĵɽϣһǡ
ٴϲЦտһ·ȥ
һһң׵ԣʼЦеġ
һڰٴĴ֮£ǧɢޣȺ鼤̫ɽ䡣
ݼʦ𣡡
μʦ𣡡
һͦǹףǧɢ޷׷׹ÿһ˵ȫſ֮ɫ



1449 ͷ
ǵλʦĸ밲
ָָԵ
ݼʦĸʦĸ
μλʦĸ
ʱǧ¼ɢޣһʺá
ˣЩɬСǺ죬ȴ̵ġ
ã
ʺõģͣ
°ͣһЦȻǶĽͶŽ£ΪʦȻҪ񡣡
˵ţ׳Űٴʹһɫ
ٴæͳһǬǬװŰ裬֮ǰʹ͸ٴΪýġ
ÿһǧ衣
һſڣڳһǧɢĻŭţüЦ
Ϊɢޣһ㶼ǷǳƶģԼӵеԴѹӦԼ
˭룬һ𽣶죬̫£͵õʹͣÿһʿһǧ裡
һǧ裬Ѱʿĺܳʱˡ
ʦӸм
лʦϴΣӶ
ڳһǧɢޣһƴ˼ѪһڵأߵŰݡ
Щɢ֮Էɢѡ𽣶죬Ǳ׵Ҹ嵨ĳģΪƽעһܻ档
ܹõ׵ĿЯȻǷĵļ˷ܡ
ٴЦеģ뼸ӺܿͽϰʹͶɢ޳ء
ٴ󣬽ķ鵤ҩ޾ˡؼȵʣһó½ѡ
Ҹȡ裬ܵװԼԼ
׽ַԸһ

ٴӦܿͳ˼ǬһӣһѶѺСɽһıƾճ˵ǰ
ţҲΰɣ̫δҲ̫ƴˣǸķͶѵɽɵѡ
˵طˡɢޣƯÿΪʶգ⻹ǵһֱĸо
̫ˣǼ𽣶Ժ󣬾ԲΪѷԴˣʦǵļǿܣ
ڳǧɢޣһ˫Ź⣬ضǰѵɽһӦˮһء
վһԵ̫ӣɢð⣬ˮһصʧ̬ģɵһЦ¶һ˿֮ɫУ̫ĵӣѾϰָԣ
ǻŸʲôϽѡԼҪʰɡ
׿ǧɢ޹ڵأ̰ضŶѵɽıȴŲһȣЦߴһ

䣬ǧɢޣٹ˼Ե󣬾ͺؽֵؤͻȻһҸߵɽ亣ζɫ㣬һӦȫǷ蹷һܣ̳
ѰɢʵޣҪԴǳסЩ̫ʣµģ¼ĵӣȴ䱦
Ϊ̫һԱֻҪľ֮ٻ󡣡
̫ĵӰ
֮ǧɢޣǸѡ㹻ķ鵤ҩ޾ˣÿһʿΪԾֻõŵԴṵ̂ᣬеʣȫװԼĿڴ
һ㣬׿
š
ӽǾ̫ĵӡ̫ĵӣõԴǸΪ˵ġǣ̫ҪҲΪϿġ
ϣܹϸؽɣɸҪɵ񡣡
ӣ䣬̺һɵ̬ȡ


ɽХڸ֮ơ
ʱ˿̣˴ʹ͵ɢޣȺ߰޲̿ʼչԵľΪ
ãϻ˵ˡĹƶȣаٴǽ⡣
ֻ˵һ
ɤӣҪ˭˳̤۷壬ôȡһȪȪسԪ罫ֵ飡

ʱȫȻ
û뵽̫ĵӣ˷Ĵ˵еȪ׶ʹµӳԪΪ˵еʥߡ
лʦ𣡡
лʦ𣡡
ʱڳһǧɢޣð⣬޲۷ڣӶҪһȪԪ磡
һɹͽΪ˵еʥߣʱĺʼԴǶͷ
ĳͷأ
½ӻ֮ױɽһ֮УıչȡڰºΪǿʢ״̬Ӧս𻢡
Ȼ˵Դ컯ɾгʹûн𻢸ǣսǰ׼ҪһЩġ
һսϽӦеϰߡ
𽣶ЩŵƽʣЦ


1450 
Ϊ𽣶Щûô뿪
ڸɢޣϵĽ֯ﲻȫǰͶ𽣶ġ
ϲ⣬ķϣҲл
ǰͶɢһɢޣҪ̫£ϧڶ࣬Ƕ̫£ô𽣶콫̫һҶľ档
ʱ򣬽𽣶ṹ᳹״ңʧȥƽ⡣
ԲҪĽ
ԣ֮£ֻ飬ǰͶɢޣƽط䵽ÿһɽȥ
һɽµĵܹƽġ
ǺþϢͱ̫ױչص֪ˡ̫ĹټҰٴ󣬳嵽һɾƿص̫һԿ
ᣬٰ֮£ֻٴףȴǰͶɢѡӡ
ָƽ
ȴķû˵顣
Ͼÿһմ׵Ĺ⣬ҪףҲԹͲţǿԼ
οҲһܽνϱ˵塣
ͣĸαǰҪ֣ĸˡ
תۼ䣬ʮȥˡ׳أϸڽأֻʣ¼ʱˡ

һգһϯض򣬡ţ˺üٸŵĳϣǰġ
΢΢һüٸŵĳһ;վŸ¡շ硢ˣԳӭӡ
𽣶ϿգмǧӰնȥ飬ÿһ˶ŲͬʽۣŲͬװ磬һ֪ڲͬɵʿ
УʿͶʶ
磬ڻɽһĳϻϷ
ڻĹŷҵ峤֡
ڶҵĶٻ붫ҹ
ڴǬǬʵۡ
ȵȵȵȣʿͶһЩ顣
쿴𽣶Գӭˣ
һ
ʱն೤ϣ׷ݲǰ͹ֺ
λѣ֪Ϊҽ𽣶죿
ʧԶӭˡ
͹˹֣üһĨɻ
ʱȺվһȻǻĹŷҵ峤ףһЦǹ˶¡м죬Ž𻢾һսӣǸţյ˽ڽ̵ɳ˸ԵĴ׼֤һս
Ȼ˵ǽ˽ڽ̵Ƕڽڽ̲ûʲôøУԣԼͬڽ𽣶죬ϣܹŽʿۼ֤Žնɱ𻢵ľһĻ
Ц
ûǶ֧Žģڽ̵ʥӽ𻢣޷ŽᲢۣһι㷢ֱǶԼ
ҴǬȫ֧Ž壬ֽ֧𽣶죡
ŽӢۣǹƥ˲ڤʵĿһѾΪ෹Ľ̸ˣŽ壬Ǹһֱֵһᣡ
𻢿ŽλϧûۺʱȫѰ·
䣬ڸŵĳϣ׷׳ӦԼ
ʣڳ߰˰ٸŵĳϣȫ֧׻ʤġ
⡭
͡¡շ硢ˣɵһʱϲԽ
ã̫ˣ
Цлλѣҽ𽣶죬Ž֧֣ģŽһ᲻𻢸һնɱġ
λϯλѽӷϴ
Ͳʧ˽ǰֽ֧𽣶ʿһһ𽣶죬ϯ
Ϊǰ֧׵ˣǸͷ͸ҵ𽣶ĸϣȫг㣬ԼҲæǰæϲ
ǽڽǰʯͷԼĽšԭΪ㷢ʢŵĳǰڽ̣Ϳ׳ڽ̵˭룬˸ӡ
ҽ𽣶죬նħսУһٳ֪ΪӵĶŽǸž£
ϲãǰͻ״һ



1451 Ѫ
ҪӰڽٲȻҪȽ𽣶ĸΪ񣬴иӾԶ
˷ڽ̵Ľ𻢣𽣶׾һսԭӦֽ֧𻢵ʿһЩŶԡ
пʵƺеȻ෴
ףųһһˣѱ£ʡһܡϻˡֶһţ涼Ҫϼ׵ļǿܡ
ǵһܣ֮ǰնħսУѾԼʵݸڡ
鶼Ѿ֪һλػΨһ״ӣпܻΪһελػߣλס
Ҫ֪λػ߿ӵŻɾشڣ˵еۻҪΪֲ
˭ǣ
˵ڵһܵʵݹڵĵһʱ䣬ͳΪ֮̾
һЩһܽʼľԲߡһЩһܽõϲ󣬱档
ףΪһΪں֮ӣΪ˸ףϧĹźԣȻһֵ£Ķ
֮£Ϊύڽ̣Ž𽣶죬Բһǵľ
ԣڽȻ㷢ǧŵĳǰڽأҪܵزе߰˰ٸŵĳϣȴԼͬ˽𽣶죬Ϊ׹ʿ
ò˵ڽǰʯͷԼĽţ
ʢϯҹЪĸϣڲͬţ˷ǰͬĿġΪ׹ʿ𽣶£ϵ
ԣϯʼնǳǢгû˴ĵҡ
תֹȥ˼գսֻʣʱ䡣

һգ𽣶Уһɱڣϯض򣬡ţλϣҼһڳϣҽ𽣶
ԭ׼ˣ
һЦһڳϱǸع˹֣ǰӭӡ
𽣶֮⣬ҼʮնͷһˣȻҵļҼԱߣҵĳľ
ʱ˿̣һ˵˵ЦʮǢ
׼ˣʧԶӭˡˡ
ЦеӭǰеҼ֣Цź
׼ҼˣǱһˣͲ˵һˡ
ҼЦݲã˵𽣶ɻڴڸɢޣɽšŵĳϣºǰȾƳ⣬£ϵԭΪ׼ûսӼء
ҼЦŴȤһ䡣
׼ĻҾǸ£Ҳҵ׼Ұ͹Цһ˵ȣϯ
׼ңһܹȣ˽ȡ¶Ѿ˽ˣһľٶжˡ
Ϊ˱л⣬ұһݱϣ׼ҲҪת塣
Ҽ˵ţͳһǬݸ͡
׼ңˣʲôǼ⡣
ͻæƴǣҿɲգҪˣʦܿ϶᲻ġ˵ʦܣ컯ɾеõ˲ٱǸƴֵŵһҪԣͲˡ⣬һתġ
ҼҡҡͷᶨؽǬ͵У׼ңһδɲͨ򿪿һ۾֪ˡ
ܵҼļ֣Σֻʶһ̽ǬУһ̽
һ̣ͲɵǰһһϲؿҼ׼ңǴѪ
ǬڲռУտյֻʮѪƯڿռУһɹŨѪƮɢռ䡣
ʮѪֻаƴСͨ徧Ө͸Ѫתһſɢ欹Եҹ顣
ûһǻ˺ܴĴۣϽʮöѹѪڵһʱ͸壬Ҫý御ָʵڽ𻢵սУӳʮɵս
ҼЦݰȻ
˻
Ͳһ
ѪǷǳϡĵر˵УҵʥѪﵽǧ䣬пѪ
ɹļʷǳõ͡
һɹôӵǧѪͻή̲صıѪ۳ɻٵѪɢһء
Ѫǳ׻ҷʧ١
еľȫѪ֮С
Ѫжô
ҼԶʮѪһǸ˼ĴۣԼżĳġ
Ԫ̫أѪѷڽŵرչ֮УѪԴĻָٶȣ
˷ܵ۴



1452 
£Ҳ˲дˣһ˵ȣֱ̫塣
̫ɽڱ֮ļӣһˣæ񣬡Ӱݼš
񡣡
Ͱ˰֣һҪ档
ǡ
źܿʹƣɿ͵ǰɫЩѿ
Σ
һɫоͲɵÿһӿֳһɲԤС
Ҿ̫á
׵ʹЩָȫһ˼һżûҪ壬ָѪԪĴ㡣
ƺ׼ƹˤˡ
̾һǳףϽȥȰȰɣҺѾȰ˺üΣָ統˶Է磬ֻ˵ŮҲ⡣

Խü壬ص̾ϢһҲʦǾʱ̫ڽȣҪָѪʱǾˣ˷ʱѪͨؼܹջ񡣡
һԸȥʦȫгҪ̡
ԥƬ̣ƺЩԸתͷҵļλڳת˱֮С
һס£첽ӱ֮гһڳǰ
ףôˣ
һҼʱ־ϲҼĻ֮С
ܹ˽ȣҪúϧǡ
ҼĦ޷
㣬ǳһ˵
ףݼλ
һҵĸλǰæǰҾְԹϽҽܽܣҲôк
һЦ¸׽ҵĸһһʺãʼգʮĺƣû˿Ĳͷҵÿһλܵʵʵڵء
Ҫ˵ף⣬ʵʵʥڹҲһˡ⣬ףĵģľǵһܸǰĴˣͨ˵ȫʸųڼӵġ
ȴ˿ûмӣԴҵĳޱȵƣҵĸλϲ⣬ֿ˼֡
ʦܡ
Це֪ʱǳȣһҪгһҸλʺáҸһݺ񡣡
˵ţһֱӽʮѪ˳ʱһŨѪӿڱǣȫµϸΪ֮һ
Ǵ˵еѪ
˫һһգգضǰʮѪ
ѪڹżзĹ֪ѪΪ̲ѪӳԪ鵤ҩ
ÿһѪֵǣ̺Ѫǧľ
ƽѪһֱмУȨнǮδܹõ
˭룬ҾȻ״ʮöѪⲻЩϲĪΪضҵĸλ
һΪѪķ˴裬ңǷ飬ȫȫҪϽæ
ľЦ
ɸλǹģǺķѲǺķ飬Ҵ˺񣬽Ϊ
׹عҾʮöѪ˻ʵ̫ڹˣ˵ʲôգ
̬Ⱦ
ԴӽӺ׹֮׻ûʽرº񣬵סȴҪ˺ص׵Ĺȥ
ʲô㲻գ
ľˣɵ
壬мʱ䣬Ҫڽ𻢾һս״̬ʤļʷǳãѪȫڶ̶̼ڣָһֱѪʤĻᣡڹϣɲҪ°
Ͷ׵Ƣǳ˽⣬ʱǻ
壬Ϊ˸ⶾϧȣǺķһЩ顢Ѫ㲻ʲôҪٿǾˣ
壬Ҫǲǵûнҷˣӽ𽣶ҲҪϵˣ
壬㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪǿǣһҪһ̣ô
ҵĸϣȫĵȰףϣܹѪ
ײɵÿЦá
ʵϣ׸ҪѪ䱾ѪΪʼգ׵ıѪû̫֮࣬ԿǳȫΪ׽ھųɶıѪ۳һöѪؼʱֻ̣ҪУָܹ̾
ԣײѪ
û뵽飬ʢȴҪֲܾ̫ʡ
Ǻ˼Ƭ̣ԹͷӦȻˣҾʮöѪˡ
лλǧ͸ҵĺһ᲻ġ
һǷӣЦݲá



1453 ǽ
ҵһڳɵõͷһЦһ
񻰡
ҼľڵͷһЦ׵ļζ׻˵Ӣۣ壬ƶĺ֮ĺʱ
Ҫúðա
ľڴ֮ɫ
ͷ
ڴгһգ㹦ͣʽϺҵףΪϺҵŮ
ľЦȻһת˵Ϻҵһμȴһõѡ񣡡
˵棬ľڱضףЦľϥӣֻһŮϺҵļҵһŮ֮վԷڡԣϣܹԳݣ̳Ϻһμ֮λ

䣬ȫһȻ
ҵһڳϣǽ𽣶һڸ߲㣬ȫһ󾪺̾ԼĶ䡣
ţϺҵļľڣȻҪ֮λи壡ǶôĶͣ
Ϻҷǳؽ壬ȻԸ⽫ҵһˣҲҵԹԡ
ȻˣĿãܹΪϺҵһμ룬Ϻҵĸˣ
ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһǰǳؽ壬Ŷ£ĹϵϺҵļ׳֦Ȼǰɽ
𽣶ĸ߲㳤۷׷ס
ʲô
֮λң
ײɵõһأЩûܷӦ
ţ
ףģ˫һľڵĴ֣˷ֱܵ
˵ʵΪҵĹӻǱȽ񾲵ģϲթҶԸⵣ֮λ
ǣΪҵʥŮԴֲܲе
ںˣҵһֻҪ׵Ҽ˫޳ɡ
Ȼˣɵ椣ʲôʱƭ㡣ľЦе
վԭأЩ޴롣
˵ʵǲԸⵣҼġ
⵹˵ײĽͼȨƣֻײϣԼһʽıȡȨƵλ
ĳΪҵļȥ϶ᱻЦǵŮΪıȡ֮λϧˣֶΣӡ
ңٴʵǿϾǸˣǳΪҵһμԷڣԻġ
ǣľüͷһЩɵؿľڡ
ľڵľδҲ̫ͻȻˣȫûԤסľĺĳϣûʲô
һμ飬ͬСɣҪ˼С
ϺѰңҪμҪѰһ̶Ȳܹڡ
Ѱ˽֪ϺҴеѰ
ȽʽΪҼ֮ںҵѰغܹܿΪѰʦʱҵӽûл˵
ľ΢΢°ͣһģɣ׻˵Ͳףҽ֮λŮҲǺ
ľڳļҳϣȫЦá
׼ң
һľڵ׳֦ҿƣȫǿЦģʱˣҽ𽣶ķͱնΪһĽӰˣҪҵǽǣǴ̡
˵ţһѴ׵нʮöѪľڣѪ㣬帣Ե񣬾ûѪҲܹն½𻢵ͷ
͵ľٶҵһ˵ɫһ䣬һεվԭء
ľڿЦãû뵽˵ͱ˸Ц׼ңֻһʱûҪǽǡ
Ѫ˵ʲôҪ£Ļľûˡ
ľڼؽװʮöѪǬ׵С
һʱΪΡ
ױڵУҲˣһʱЦá
ǸѪҾˡ
Сز̽͵ɫһӻͳһƿݸľڣǰձ֣Ӧóƺһɡ
µһƬ⣬ɲҪƴǡ
׽ƿݸľڡ
ľڲɵ΢΢һһؿףû뵽׻Ҫ͸ԼŮТˣľڻǷǳ˵ġ
壬ǶһˣͲҪ˿ˡ
ľΪ˻գЦеش׵нӹƿšƿһƣɵõһ
ǡȪ
ľʧ
ৡ
ʱҵһڳϣ׷״ǰ̽ƿеȪܵŨӴƿӿӿڱʱеҳϣȫһ󾪺̾



1454 ֮
ףȻһƿȪ͸ľڣ
ȥһƿȪ߰˵ȪǶôص
Ҫ֪ÿһȪǳأ԰һʿ˳Ԫ磬Ϊ˵еʥߡ
龳֣֮󣬶档ԴඥδõɵĻὫ
УÿһȪ޼֮меĴڣֻ컯ɾвС
һ֣͸ľһƿȪڳһ˵ȫΪ֮̾
ҵһƴֵŮȻôĺˣӺùˡ
˶˵壬󷽣ĿãǰŲһ
͸ʮöѪΪ˱ȵĶ顣û뵽Ļ񣬾ȻȼﻹҪأ
ҵһڳ۷׷ף֮ʡ
壬㻹ڿ˵ҵأ͸ҵһҪصö࣡
ľڲɵҡͷЦռˣ壬Ȫʮ󣬶ǷʱȪԼãϹͷѶȪЧҲ󡣡
һľھͽƿס
һ
ɣҪǲƿȪҾֻýѪһͻˡȰ˵
ľüͷ΢΢š𣬺ܿ뵽һȫ֮ߣԵһЦƿȪת㣬ϣܹϽȡϽĽŲ
һ˫ˮգգ˼ҡΣУҲҪָТ׵ģôܹ¡
Ҫǲ£Ǿ̸һңһҪίءľʹɱﵡ
ҲŲҪȥһÿס
װû
ǺðɣҾʱΪܺˡΪѵ˴ƿ
ã񻰡ľЦ
͸ɵĺ񣬱ľڸתһҲܹȥҲ˽
ʦܣʱȣѪǾչաмգҪǰڽˡ
ʹߴһ
׵ͷһЦҿܻ΢һЩأʦ֣ȴǰڽ̣˳һʱ䣬ϣ̾ǰڽء
û⣬飬ܰҵϡ
ͽظĵֱ졣
£һڳ͵£ϯϯ䣬ظ裬߰˰ٸŵĸ߲㳤ϼüһãòɡ
̫ɽ䣬סˣĿ뿪㲢һ֮С
⼸գҪչأǰҰţ˭ý׵
á
áһЦమǣ֣һһңһػͭǰ
룬ȼһ¯һϣһͳöѪǸֳһĨЦ⡣
Ѫ̺ŷǳıѪȻҪǣȴѪɫ
һ
׵ı챦УѪɫ֮УҪ˶õʱ䣬ͽ
£׵ʮöѪǴ֮ιѪɫؽѪɫļʣ
һˣ˫˵ȫڱ챦С
챦ڲһƬޱ޼ʵĽɫ˳ӿ˷
󺣵شһſӴѪɫ࣬ͨͨͣɢʢ
ಣ
һͦǹӰƾճ֮ϣȻ׻ûɵĻӰ
ʱ׵У߿Ѫ⻪ĿѪ졣
ء
˭룬׵ĻӰһ֣һ춯صХٿع׵ĶĤ֮С
ţһӴѪɫʹӽɫ𣬹طɵ׵ǰһˮ״Сӣɢ˸˸â̰ޱȵضƯʮöѪˮһء
ţ
Ҫ̳һöѪѪɫͨһȥͿѪɫ˼
Ѫ׿ɲԸѪɫĿڸ֮
С
ⶼǸѪɫ׼ġ
Ѫɫ׵һЦһӣٻһǧ裬Ѫɫ
Ѫɫһͽһǧ븹УȫҪգͺƹйͷһֱ򵥡
ò˵׻ս裬һǿһ
գѾȲҪѪɫһ𣬽һʲôĳˣ
ЦƯöѪɣһԪע֮Уʱâɡ



1455 
顭
ֻһıöƯڰеѪӦѣһɹŨľѪˮ̮س߿ͨͨȥ
УżΪŨѪϢ
ԶѪɫ̰˱ڿеѪζ
ܿ죬öѪ̺ľѪ㾡ӿöѪɫ֮Уþκˣ˻
ͨͨ
ʱÿһŵõѪɫ࣬ÿһΣľѪͱУŷ
ɢ֮ϣһƬӲӱ⡣
ˣˡ
һյĹһſžѪɫ࣬ٶȣһХ󺣵쳹ϡ
ƺѪɫУһѪɫȲҪѳ
ÿһѪ̺ǧѪľѪɫνһУЧúã
ЦѪɫеһոµɵĻŭš
£ŹžȴѪɫĳ֡
ӷ𡭡
ٿأһſѪɫϷƾջûһׯϵķ棬𾭣ƽ졣
󺣵ϿգһʱԼԼķţġ
ԭϴѪɫŵһɲǣʱ˳ޱȣһѪɫϿյķ棬֮֮ɫ
ţ
͵˫һ𾪵ضǰľöδܷӦ
ûпӦ飡
׼֣鲻Խ㵸
飬˵Ѫɫõļӳ֣δдԵ컯
ǲ˵
˵ÿһڳʱǿţպܹĺɳһ춯صĴ¡
Ȼ
ѪɫڼĵڣȻ飬Ϊӳַ澰
ò˵Ѫɫδǰ;
ȥؿһķӳ£ϵбⴹһſžڲ
Ѫɫ֧Уǽ˵Ĵڡ
ңѪɫɱѪȣ̡ܹõ飬ӳֱ֣һĻԵ컯
֪ѪɫһʲôĴڡ
аڴ
ֵһǣѪɫǰ壬Ѫͨ
պֻҪдԵ컯ҲܹӰ״̬תΪһġ
Ѫɫ֮ڼĵڣܹõ飬ӳ֣Ѫйء
ѪںǧѪıѪѪǷ̵ʥԣںѪܹ飬õӳ֣ҲԵ֡
׵һЦ
ţѪɫڵõķӳ֮պתΪĻᣬ
͵߬ȭͷڴԼպ󾿾ܹﵽһʲôĸ߶ȣ
Ȼ˵Ѫɫϵһ壬Žһ˸ӴţϾЩѪɫģָ飬ͺԼĺһֹѪŨˮ㺡
ʱһһĹȥܿ죬ֹȥʱ䡣
һգ𽣶ڲڸŵĳϴ͵Ĵ֮£׷׶̣ǰڽ̵ء
ţΪβ壿
Ǭʮֿƣһ׼һݺҪֽء
ҲҪϥ̸ءˮī续һϧ
һЦĪҪż϶׼ʱԼģȽ彫𻢵ͷһٰ칦ᣬʱ򣬻Ҫǰ
ǬӵͷһЦˮī续ӿЦ޿κε̾һ
⣬Ѿ˭ܹˡ

ͳ̨꣬ڳǧʿϣһӣȼ˴辧ʯʱڷļӳ£ƾʧ١
һΣֻ˼ӵĳϣһһ䶼û
Ȼû͵Ҳ½ڽˣϾ˷ʿǧţͷĿ֮£ڽǸҳƿɱ𽣶ʿδЦ
ڽ𽣶죬иշ糤
һսƱؽΪ𽣶ڽȫ濪սĵ꣬ǽ𽣶ڷٷչԵǿȴԽԽֲ
Ǹо̫СŽ𽣶ܹڽĴ£׳󡣡
շĿڱ뿪аٸн



1456 Ů
ڽڵɽţνǱţڸŵʿ׷׵ŵãһЩѶ׼սʿҲһѷӿ˽ڽ̡
ڽ̵ν𲮻Ȼᵡӭɽţõʿɽţϯ׼һ׾һսӣͽ˴ڽ̵ء
ڽ̵ء
˵ǳأ˵ˣǽڽ̵ˣûмС
ʸеĽڽˣǺĳϣմȨĸ߲㡣
׽͸ǣڽ̾ȻὫһν׵ľսŵڽ̵ءȻ̺ľٶ
ԴˣŵʿҲǳڴȲҪһڽصĿ
ʱһһţ׾սֻʣʱ䡣
ȻŴȴֻɡ
ýڽ̵һڸ߲㣬Щɻ󲻽⡣
֣ӣľսʱ䣬ֻʣ졣˵ʱ䣬Ӧ˳ɲŶԡ
Ϊʲôֻ޼ʿã
ڽ̵ĸ½üͷ壬˫֣ڴ֮нⲽ
һΣ½ȫȨӴˡһҪܵ£ŵĹϵ
ǡ
ڽ̹㷢ǧţֻɡ½дҲɸΪ֮
Ҫ֪һν׵ľսڽڽ˵ǳҪֻҪ˳λôǰ;һٴңڽҲ
Ϊһսڽ̾ĳﻮ˺ܾãΪľǾܵؽһսӰɾĺ䶯
ʵȴ˽ڽ̽ʵʵһơ
ڽǧţֻɡζʲô
ζֻɵŸڽӣţûнڽ̵һ£
ø߾ӽڽ̸½кܲζ
ҽڽ̸񣬴оԶȻȲϻĹңҲǰֻ̤ĹҵţȻûУ
½ｫȭͷֱ졣
˵𽣶Ľ壬ڲ֮ǰаս湦ѾΪľǵһĶ󡣡
룬ܶſ϶ǵĻ˽𽣶죬Ųսİգ
һڽ̵ĳϣսս
ʲô
ޣڽʲôҲҽڽᲢۣ
½ݺݵһڣиΪɽǵƾҽڽ׾پܹ𽣶Ϊƽأ
½Цһƺûн𽣶ǽڽҲҵһΪǿĿɽͲ𽣶ȫ濪ս
ܿ죬𽣶ͽǽڽţʧ³֮С
ţһս۽彫ǽڽ̹Ŀ࿴
½ҧİٱ
ڽ̵ϿգӰɶȥȻһɫķŮ
ͷһŮˣһϮɴȹͷʹڣٲȻһʺװԲԶһɫľɫŮΪԸظŮʵԡһɵŮüĿ㡣
ĸʣΪʲôҪڽ̹սҶڽ𻢸Ȥ
̬ľɫŮΪ޵رԹ
ͷʹڵŮˣһЦĭ꣬㲻ҪԣŮ壬ܹڽ˫档ңڽ̵Ľ𻢣һ˲ţûбʺɾˡ
ߣڽ̵Ůһ廹в磬Ҹڽ̵Ľ𻢡ŮһҲûбҪίȫڽ
ĭľɫŮƲƲ죬۰Ͱ͵ĸʣԸ⽫ıŮ𣿡
ĭ֪꣬ĽڽѾˡ
ͷʹڵŮˣ̾ϢһһδսҲҪ𻢳ףֻˣǷԸ𻢳ףҪԼദö⣬ҾԲƻġ
ĸʣ˵ģĭһϲɲ׼ԶŰ
ҿŮһŮʣһԾŶ˵ٻ
ͷʹڵŮҡͷЦûطһۡ
ǺãΪѵصһΡһɱҸʲôɫ
ĭһһֱϣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ˣĸʡ
ٿأĭƺʲôʵ𻢴˷ս˻ĹʮеһŽ壬Žͷʢͬʿûܹ档ƾʲôеŽһս
ͷʹڵŮ˵һЦΪʲôҪ۽ԭˣܿͻ֪𰸵ġ
ͷʹڵŮЦݲãƺĭ𻢵ľٶеǳ⡣



1457 
̬Ůĭ꣬ɻ飬ͷʹڵŮʣŽڽ̷Ӷ¡
ڽ̵ڴӴ½һŮŮԴǧ𻢹ľʱϲ⡣æ֪ͨ𻢣ԼǴһڳϣӭǰȥ
ŮԼݵҽڽʧԶӭˡ
½Цӭǰ
½ˣڽŮ壬ܿͽΪһˡ
νһ˲˵һڽ𻢼սĹؼʱ̣ΪĸģȻҪűŮˣ
ŮЦݺ㣬½ĵûȡ
һԵľɫŮĭꡱȴ죬ЩΪȻ
ң˭Ҫ޸𻢣ҲŲӦأ
һλ󣬱ĺ˭Ҳҵңߣĸ뽫ΪƷûпܣ
˭ûϵΪ˳ĭУʵǳ棬Ӻһתʱ⡣
ĸ
ĭ꣡
½Ůĵûȵʱ򣬽𻢴ҴææشӴ֮зӶϲسǰŮʺá
𻢣ĿеŮһΣһҪһս״ԼţӭȢҼСŮŮҲй⡣
ŮЦһΪ͵ŴһϮۣεĽ𻢡
ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ
ĸģһһдؽŽնɱҲúʿ˭һеĵһˣ
𻢺죬ǰĭ֣ĭ꣬նɱŽ壬һ¡طؽȢţӽ֮ٻ󣡡
ĭüûؽСִӽ𻢵г˳Ӯ˵ա
һ٣ֵ˵Žͦġ
ĭƽ˵һƽˡ
ڽ𻢵ĶУȴʴģǧٸԼһ
ȻĭĻǡδܹսʤס
ߣҪ飬ʮǰͽŽնɱˣƾʲôᲢۣ
ĭ㿴ðգһʧģ
ҧгݣ޲ǰչ֣ʬΡ

ʱٻӰԶռٷӶһöЦƮУ
һҪˣȻΣ
˭࣬ûţҪΪѸˣ
Ů˽ˮȣߴ͸Ȼδ׼ԼĻ
ţ
ʱ˵𻢡½˵ע˹ȥ
ȥŮ毺ãţȻϹҵʿͷһʶϹҵϹġ˵ϹĶ׷İֻΪѾһֱûиҽϹġ
ϹĴڽ̣˵϶ġ
û룬ûţͿ׵ĶֽŮǧĭΣ֮Уȫûн׷ϹùǺȻڶ򣬵֮䣬ûʲôû
㡭˵˭ǹѸ
ĭתͷݺݵضϹģظҵ
ò˵ĭΪͱȽϷһַظȻҲǷǳ̡ͦ
һ㣬Ϲԡ
Ϲģ˵ص㡣ǽڽ̣ܹҰĵط
ϽĭͷĻҲ
һĭίʱǰҪΪĭͷ
ϹģȻϹҵǧС㣬бĽڽҲȣֻҪĭһ£𻢾ԲϹѿ
ӴǣﵹҪƣôҲ
Ϲңʲôʱ¹һССĽڽ̣
ϹĴ粽ã֮䣬ԡ
ǾƲԳԷˣ
ЦһһɿֲƵʱӿֱϹѹȥ
Ϲ⧲һΣɳԶסӣһʱϢңЩмܡ
ãˡĭЦһΪ°ͿϹġ
ϹС㣬ûпǽڽ̲ûϹսԣдظա
ʱڽ̵ĸ½廰׼Բ
ɲؿŽ𻢡ĭϹ֮ìܲ϶񻯡ô˵ϹĶϹҵˣڽ̻Ϊɵġ
ߣû뱾ǽڽϹ˹ۡﲻһƽϣֻҪۼ֤նɱ𻢵ľһĻˡ
ҪʵڲԸҽȥҲǿ󡣵ǣһصϹ֮һųϸһؽĳӣ
Ϲ΢΢˫



1458 ȡ
ߣҽڽܹ񣬻治һϹҡ
Ľڽ̣Ѿˡ
䷢Цٶȷǰ׼ϹһѵգҾ͸СѾͷһѵ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
˵ţһɿֲʥϯѹһ׼Ϲһѹ
¡¡
˭룬ʱͻȻһţǧƵӰƾճڽڽ̵Ͽա
ͻıʣýڽ̵½𻢵ˣȫ΢΢һŮĭꡢˣҲɻתͷȥ
УǧƵӰشӵһһѬ죬⣬һ֪˲ټơ
Ⱥ룬ȻһϮƽ۵͵ˡ
ţ
Ȼǽڽ̵͵ˣ
𻢲ɵһüͷ΢΢š
½뼸ڽ̵ĳϣɫҲǳÿ
Ҫ˵ڽ̵Ҳˣ֮е飬ҲûʲôԽܵǣ;Ȼ߰˰ٸڸŵĳϴͬж
߰˰ٸڸŵĳϴյڽɳĴ
ʹ߰˰ٸŵĳϴȵɫ죬Ѭ죬ڽ̵ʿˣȻζ
ζʲô
ζ߰˰ٸŵĳϴֽ֧𽣶죬֧Ž壡
ǣЩŶǽڽ̷֤ȴȫڽӣֽ֧𽣶죬ֱڴڽ̵
Ӵ½ϲɵһģȺܷͣ޵ȭͷֱ졣
һЦ
û뵽ǽڽˣȻΪһСҲʿЦ
һ۾ͷֱ˳ϵ״ʱЦʮֵıģȫûиڽһ档
ڽ̼ȻºսΪֽһС֮⣿ƺЩСˡ
ǼŽһսĽôΪ˲ݣһ߳жȻһŮҶֶţЦ
δѳɴ£ŽҪʮǧ
ӵΧĸųϣ׷׳ͣÿһ˶Ķڽ𻢵ı֮飬üЦ
۽½ˣɫŭ죡
ϧ棬ڽ̾ǴҲҪʡ
壡
Ϲһ˰֣ʱһΪطӵ͵ǰһʮίģ
Ϲģѵֽ֧壬һ͸ҵߣһͬڽء
Цеһ
л塣
ϹϲЦտȻȺɨӼ飬ΪʧʵףΪʲôûпָ簡
ʱһȻ԰ꡣĳ
ðա
ϹƺΪʧ΢΢̾Ϣһ޿κεظԡ
δҲ̫ˣѵĽҽڽ̵𽣶ĺ԰ˣ
ûǰչ֣˱ģмѹ̫ŭ𣬵ʱҪ
½ۼֿ죬ûȽ𻢷ȳ𻢣ȴĭϯҾ͹ˡ
ǣһȴ½˻ȥ

𻢸ҧ䷢ģߣҪ˶ãҾͻᵱڶӢۺܵ棬ŽʬΣʱҵҪƣͻЦЦĳ
˵ţһһЦĭǰûȿڣĭһƫȥö࿴һۡ
Ȼڽ𻢵Ϊǳ⡣
εڨڨһЦŮһ岽ϯ֮Уʼգûĭһ仰
½ѵ׼һȺ磿
ʱս񹬵һλϣΪͷشߴһ
λ
½ɫΣ̲ǧˣϯ֮С
ΪѾǳˣ˷ͬͶ߰˰ٸŵĴֽ֧𽣶һģԣ½Ҳû̫飬ûȤ
ֻ
ʹ߰˰ٸŵĴ֮ʱýڽ³һѡ
ǰϯٸŴҲһզпȻǱ͵ļƸסˡ
ǿûУһƺֽ֧𽣶죬֧ŽҪһЩ
磬ǿʳ˭ȭͷ˭лȨ𽣶ͷʢǿĿɽȻȲҪ£ϵ
ò˵һνڽǶˡһսҪǽˣǽڽ̾ͳ׳ΪŽĵʯΪһЦˣ
ϯ֮УŵĴ۷׷ס



1459 ǹལ
ڽ̵Ľ𲮻ڿͷ¡صز뱦ͬ߰˰ٸڸŵĳϴʱЩˡ
ֱǳش
͸һϯк߰˰ٸڸŵĳ˵ЦóԺúȣһ̬ý𲮻ֱ¡
ϯӣһɹǧͬʱͲ͡
ԭŵĴΧŽڽ̵Ľ𲮻ת˵ŸֹάеĻý𲮻ǳá˭һϯͽͷȫ˹ȥ
߰˰ٸŵĴΧתŽ𲮻棬׺֮ʣͬʱŵĳ϶ڽ𻢣֮ԱǣΪмý𲮻µ췽޴棬޲һطȥ
𲮻Ƣ𱬣Ҫ࣬ݲú֣½𲮻ͳǰȥˡ
Ϊһ֮𲮻ܹסġ
ǲһسӣ𲮻˵ʲôҲ޷ܡ
£𲮻Цƿһǳ飬ɤ̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ȫһΪǽ𽣶Ľû뵽ȴˡ
꣬뽣սһأʤҽҲ龳磬׼뽣սٻغϣϧƺҼҡ
Īңڶң
𲮻һͲ̨¡
꣬𲮻뽣̤ʥ磬һζᱦдսһذʧɫ
˫δֳʤ˭Ҳûռһ˿ˡ
񣬽𲮻ᣬٲȻԼ龳ֵݡ

Ȼ䣬ȫһȻ󲨡
û뵽𲮻Ѿ龳ˣ
ڽ棬˵о龳ĸ֣һֱڰУԲ̽ǳ˭룬վĽ𲮻ȻҲΪһ龳ĸ֣
ڽֶһ龳ĸ֣ڽ̵һ¥ĹҲضˡ
𲮻ȻѾΪ龳֣ӣͿҪùˡ
ڸŵĴɵôʧɫһ㵵ؿ𲮻ͬʱҲΪ͵Ĵеǡ
𲮻Ҫ뽣սȫԡһνľ֮ҽ𽣶ʽ̨㷢ŵӢۺǰ֤ýһƽ
˭룬ȫ޿֣ͻ˽𲮻﹥ơ
ţ
𲮻΢΢һٲȻûϵ;ȻҶԼʴʣһЦ뽣һƽ
ҡҡͷ𲮻һЦ֪ԪݽߣѾҰˣʲôҾ
ңѾ龳֣ݹǣܹҷͥһ֮ССĽ𽣶죬Ҹ
ֻǿϧҵûܽһնɱǽ𽣶֥СɵԴ񣬸ǽڽ鷳
𲮻һʮְյɫƱյϸá
ҽ𽣶ɣµһǻ¹䣬ǴţҲʵǽ𽣶죬ƾһЩĵֶ㣬αڳһʼģ˵Ϊ˲ݡ
ЦһоˮڵϣͬȾƣǶҵ
㡭
𲮻Ҳ಻סȻŭضͣһ˶ɵģ
ϣϣϣ
ʱڳڽ̵ĳϣҲͳ˸ԵıŻ
Ӵôţ׼ˣɱǸŵĴ
⵹ǽڽһ硣Ͷԭأ˿һضʧȥǵĽ𲮻
ʱڸŵĳϴҲƣʱ׼֡
΢΢սһ
𲮻ҧʱ͵ĻЦˣãһŪǷǣѪ˵͡ҽڽӰᣬɣ㵹˵˵ҽڽʲôʱɳĵˣ
𲮻񣬾ͺѵһҪ͸һ⽴
ԣ͵һЦǧʿעĿ£ɤӣĳԶĲ˵˵һǽڽٰ̾£ȫǽڽţԹ㷢ûǽ𽣶ͬ⡣
ң֮иʮ֮Լʱѵҽڽ̨ײսǺΪʲôҪ㷢ŵӢۺ֤ȻΪ˾ܵر֤µĹƽ
ûһϯ˵꣬𲮻ȲͷȻ



1460 ƾʵ
ޣƽȫһЦ
ȫµһȦףͼý𻢲Žλ
Ͳмһڣζڽ𲮻֮顣
˻
ʱڳǧŵĴȫ
һ㣬ҿ֤
ҼľڣʱվһУȫǽڽµһȦס
ৡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۵ľڵϣʿϳľϺҵļ֮Уʱһ˿֮⡣
ŽʵλѾš˵ͬʿУȫһ֦Ĵڣܹͥ񡣡
ڲ֮ǰаսУǲΣֻ˲ڤʵȫһˮ֮УȣϾ֣Ӣۡ
֮£𻢵ĳɾ͸ֵһᡣ
ʵ𻢱Ľ嶼̫Զ̫Զ
ľдʣ˶һдɻ󡪡£һսȫѰ·Ϊ
ʿ׷׵ͷͬ
ǡ
ľںȻһתȴĵذ̨㷢ҪӢۺܵһսƾʲô
ľڵһϯڶʿȫ˳Ĭ
ľʵûƾʲô
ǽ𲮻ҲϢһϣһʱЩԶԡ
ߴң֮Եӭս壬Ϊ˸ҵǧС㡮һ黨ľ綾
ֶֻ˵ıѪϴ裬һ
ľ˵鼤
ǸˣΪϧķ˾ųɶıѪŽ
Ľ壬Ԫ״̬ԣʺϽս
ץס˽һ㣬Ÿ
ľܿͽ⿪ڶʿеһš
ԭҪ֮Σ˲ݣ
ԭһжǽһֲ߻ģĵСоýڽ̵Ľ𲮻һ˾ӵģޣ
ľ˵ĶģôڽҲ̫ˣǵӮأΪЦų꣡
𽣶ڽͷ𽣶ѣԣľڵĻһ֮ʣʵд֤
һʱ䣬ңÿһʿȫ۷׷ף漸Ѿȫʧء
ѪˣȫѪˣ
ʲô鶼Ҫһ֤ݣҪû֤ݣͲҪҽڽ̵ף
ҽڽɣܹĨڵģ
𲮻ñף޲ýľڵһ
ľڣǲó֤ǽڽһ֪Ĵۣ
½в΢΢аȻضľڡ
ҿԶ췢ģ˵ÿһ֣ǧȷа٣׺䣡ľָһҪѪĵļơ
ңľڣ
ôҲһ֮ȻɣҪò֤ݣñ죡ҪǷã¾ûжˡ
𲮻һֿŰ׳һľڡ
ͶĿ⣬ľǺһʱҧأЩԶԡ
ȷ
ȻжǧȷģǣľҲò֤֤ǽڽ˸¶ġ
οѡˣҲǽڽ̵ŵӼڲϱƵá
ԡ
ҪһУȫڽڽ̣ƺЩ˵ȥˡ
𲮻ֻ˵Ǹɻº츳òѱ
ʱľڽΧǣڿǰĽ𽣶죬ӣԺĽ𽣶죬ҲԲǽڽܹ
ãĿԴ
𲮻Цһûн͵Ļϣƺ𽣶Уֵһᡣ
λǽǰѡȨİգ
ʱ½ＥЦһʮֱĵؿľڣҪˣǽ𽣶̫ĿˣȻǧŵӢۺܰһˣѵ𽣶Ѿܹĸŵĳˣ
½˼ܻһͿʼϵ
ģ϶ӭսġңһǽڽԸգ
Ӧȫ֮𻢾һսǸʱ򣬽նɱּĴڣһֻһд⡣
ֻǽڽָһĵ顪ץ˽״ӡѩΪʡ
ԣ岻òս
Ѫŭֱ



1461 о
ޣýڽ̻һС
Ѿ˵ˣʲô鶼Ҫ֤ݣҪû֤ݣƾʲô˵ڽ̰ѩ
𲮻޿ֵصһЦ
ȻѾӦӭսˣôܿͻֳһߵ͹ʱ˭ʤߣһĿȻ
ҺôҲһ֮ͲҪڴ˴ǹལøһˣ
𲮻ɡ
ľϢһϣһۣȻ޾ķߺޣʱ˿̣Ҳֻ
Ϊôһԭǳϯʮ塣
ڸŵĴȺһ˽Կʿֽ֧ڽ̵ģʿվ˽𽣶һߣԽڽ̵Ϊ֮Աǡ
һӪʿڼսڴ
ʱ䣬һһȥ
ת֮䣬ȥˡ
սӣֻʣ¶̶һʱ䡣
ͣĪŽԶ߸߷ɣȥˣΪγٳٲ
𲮻ȵЩͷ䷢ʣһСȡһСɾͣͲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻˣǸŵǰһˣ
ûһԾҪʼˣΪλ
ҪıܶսЦˡ
Ϸ׷׳͡
԰ꡣ
Цһ𲮻ѵôеҪͷô
㡭𲮻ϢһϣҪҧ
ٵȵȰգϾʱδ
Ȱ˵һ䡣
ʱһ׵Ľ𻢣ϯŮڵλĭԳԺȺȣ˵Цƺûн׸ľߴ󽫷ȡ
֮£׳ٳδԵЩ·ˡ
ܿ죬һȥˡ
Լõľսʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ǡ
Ȼû
ͣĪǶʱѵΪν廹𲮻Ѿŭˡ
Ǻǣڽ̴ôһʺƧҪѰ·϶ҪķһЩʱ䣬𼱱𼱣
һ
ڳһЩڸŵĳϣɵʧЦ
һͲ˵Ϲ۷ˡ
ϹϾϲ̨棬ʱһҪ浶ǹıƴĻֻȡ衣
ߣҲһʶʵϵ˽ˬԼҲãѾ㷢ǧŵӢۺڴ˼֤ҪǽˬԼĻƱؽΪЦ磡
𲮻Цһ
˽ƵĵȴУһʱȥˡ
ԼľսӣѾһ졣
ʱѾý𲮻ߴˣڳ೤ϣʼߴˡ
ͣͬձΪ˸׾ܵһЩʱ䣬أԲԸɿڣѡȨ
һ԰ꡣ
һЩųϴߴٵЩͣһٻһȪƯ֮ϣأԵϥʼ̰
Ũҷϯųϣȫ˫Ź⣬֮¶һĨϣ֮ɫ
ǿ쿴Ǵ˵еȪû뵽;Ȼ˹صı
϶ǽ͸ģȥ컯ɾõ˳̨ϿɣȻȪʲôʱҲܳһĵӾͺˣŶմ⡣
ʥ֣Ȫպٶȣ϶ҡֱϣδ
ǧŵĳϣһĽʺ޵ضеȪ۷׷ס
һȻ˵ˣǲͳ
½͵ķݺݵһڡ

ʱڽ̵һǷɱڵأ𽣶ǧҵǧã
ԣȫΪ֮һϲ
忴ǵˣãǷ
ߣһСȻĿˣһõȣ
һҪٿĪ磬ɨأ
վڽڽһųϣһڣ׼ʦ
𲮻
첽ȥ
ܿ죬ˣͲ粽˴֮УȫɢഺŮӡܿͽ˵Ŀסˡ
ǣûз׵Ӱһ˽
ָһ£ųǰսΪ˱أָԡ£о걸֮ݼλϣһһʺá
ڽڽָתһǡ
΢΢һЦϸֳһĨƤɫʡ

ʲô
½𲮻ˣȫЩɶͷԡ
һЦԵʹһɫ⣬һӣһһصͭӣͺݺݵ˴ʯϣʯҵ䣬ʯ׷ɡ



1462 չײ

̼䣬ȫΪ֮ȻʿĿ⣬ȫڴͭϣһʱ侪۷׷ס
ǿŽȻһͭӣʲô˼ƺҪ𻢡ա
Ž̫ĿˣûһӸڽ̣
Žƺûнڽ̸ھҪܷסˡҪȻĻŽĹˣ
֪ڽ̱ҪβܰһǣǷǳڴ
ڸŵĴȺ²š
ǡǸʲôһӸǽڽ̣ĪΪȲʤȯҪգ
½ҧгݣ޲̷ǰͭӸҵ÷顣
ŽδҲ̫ˣ֪һŵı֣Դ󣡡
𲮻һЦָһݵһһöԪ;Իգ֮ͭϡ
ѵһصͭӣ̼ķѣɢһء
ˣ
𲮻ЦЦ̺һηĺ⣬ǽڽ̵Ļ
ǡ
£ʿһ׹ײĸ̧˴˵һڷ͡˵ǰ
ͣǽڽ̵ĹײΣ
𲮻ЦǧľɵϵȹײģľעϰϣԽʬõرǧꡣ
ģһξսһý飬һȫʬġʱǾͿԽʬײУǧ겻һĹ顮ꡯֱ֣ƾ
ڽ̵һڵӺôЦ
ЦУɫǺ죬һʱŭӿ
ͣȴǲӣž޲ȫûн𲮻ڿ೰һ£ӺһתʱһЦ༥𲮻Ҫײĵı죬ǽ𽣶϶Ҫڽ̲ʮǧ
ǽڽ̵ƺɥҪȻǽڽײĵıΪ˳ڣ
͵ʡ
䣬ֽ֧ڽ̵ĸŴʱ̿ʧЦ
ò˵սȺ۵ı£Եһƾһͭһ粻֮࣬ûڽڽ̳һ
ʣ
ͣһٶսҵͼޣѲΪҽ𲮻Ҷô
𲮻͵վһѹϯ¡
¡¡
ټһΪ֮ҡβ
ǧŵĳϣȫΪ֮ɫ䣬һ񣬾䡣
Ϳ޿ֵضŽ𲮻˿ûΪԼľΪԽϵͣаõơ
𲮻Ҫ򣬲дһΣ
ʱһͳ𣬽ڳʿע˹ȥ
ȺУͲԶķףžƱЦЦؿ𲮻
ף˻Ĺŷҵμ龳Ƹ֡
龳Ľ𲮻ٲȻʵҪǿöࡣ
һʱ䣬ĸŵĳϣȫ۷׷
ǿ쿴ĹŷҵμףȻΪͳͷˣӣ𲮻ﻢˣ
ûĹҵļݵλǾΪҪѹ𲮻һͷ𲮻ζδϵ׻Ϊͳͷ
𽣶Ŀɽܶ࣬ڽȻһֻ̤ĹҵĴڣҪˣҲôס
˫Žսô൱ȫ濪սʱƱؽһѪɺӣʬǳɽսۡ
ޣڽ治⡣֮ǰаսҲûпڽǲһһ䣬ƽƽĽ𽣶죬аս湦񵹺ãڽΪ˴ϧŽ𽣶λ
ڳ۷׷ף˵ʲôĶСֻģԹ۵ģҲĦȭƵģҲҡڲģǿֲ´
ףΪĹҵļմȨ⡣ƺܵЩ̫ˣҽڽ𽣶֮ĶԹĪΪ˸𽣶ͷϧվҽڽ̵Ķ棿
𲮻䷢ʣȻȫף֮ƺһ˿ɫ
Ǻǣҷ£ѵҪָֻţ
Цһö࿴𲮻һۣҽǰΪ˸𽣶ֹڽǵˣҷ׵һӦ
սҲӦ
һƽҲӦ
ҲӦ
ʱ߰˰ٸϣȫ½Լ־ɳǣȫѹ˽𲮻һߵӪ
½һȫʧأЦʼԲλ԰꣬һǽŽ֮սЩľͲҪˡ
ƽȣɲǴ󶯸ɸ꣬ɱʱ򣡡
½һȰ˵
ߣǹ˼֣ҽնҪͷȡ
𲮻˳̨׶£Ϊ޵
ЦһҲͬʱŷԼֽ֧𽣶ĸϹֵл
ǽڽ̳ŵʱ̫ˡȻһ𽣶죬ͷʺˡ
Ҳãó״ҽڽ̵ʶһҽڽ̵
𲮻һ͡׵˵Уһ˿ڴζ
ǻ⡣
½һ˫ʱһٿ͵񣬶һ˿Թͣڿǽڽаרĵ顣ʵϣԼǽ𽣶졣ԼľսӣѾȥһ࣬ŽȴٳδǲѾȨˣ
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫе͵ϡ
£˫ţһԲϾпܴ󶯸ɸ꣬׳ٳٲпܽڽ̾ͻˡ
ʱײᱳһųĳƺţѩҲŰɱ
ԲҪĽ
죬ٸʱ䡣֮ڣŽ廹δȨҽ𽣶Եлһ֮ͨľϡ
졭
Ϊȡʱ䡣
ٵ죿
ԣ𲮻ɵʧЦͣŽѾʧԼˣյǽȻʤŽӦлŶԡȻǸŵĳ죿е˵ȥɣ
ĪǣڴŪǸô
𲮻˶



1463 Ѫ
𲮻㾿Ҫôͽü䷢ʡ
𲮻һЦνǿͣҽڽ̹㷢ǧŵĴǰսȻܹÿ˰˶顣
ҴӦ㣬ٸŽʱ䣡ǣʱڣŽδܹʱô˼ŽӦս
𲮻ƱˣĶ֣ң
˽һƽɱݣڳĸλӢۺΪ֤˲ò֣Σ
𲮻΢΢˫͡
˻
ڳĸŵĳϣȫһ
û뵽𲮻ȻսҪһݵɱ
Ҫ֪𲮻ɶһ֮ţκһˣڸԵŶԣǾ޴Ĵˡ
ߣ𲮻Ѿ龳֣ȻҪֻʥսˣ
˵һεȷǽ𽣶ȡŽ岻ܹԼҪ棬ҲֻܹŽӦսˣ
𲮻ǽ͸Ƶ±ԵˣͲӦսô𽣶ƱؽѣΪЦ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫе͵ϡ
ףǧҪӦս𲮻ĲһӵأͼֱţȰ˵
֣ǧҪһʱ嶯ģڳǽ𽣶ԳԲ˿װ
׼ңϺȻƽƽľȴһǻѪֻҪһ£Ϻڽȫս
ľᶨ
ڸŵĳϣ½д඼Ȱͣ߱ģԸ𽣶ڽ̿ս
һҡҡͷûнľ׵顣
գ޷־սô𽣶̼ȵףΪЦ
ԭȻһǻѪͶ𽣶ɢޣҲڶʱĻɢ׷ױɽţǰ̡
ԡ
ΣͶܾս
ãҽ飬֮ŽȻδôұ㽫Ž𲮻һս
̧ͷһ
һ׷
𲮻Цͷڣ¾ҪѪġ
ף
ѣ
ŵĳϣȫʧɫŷվ
Ͳ˵Ȱ裬Ȼ³һھѪ壬һѪġ
ͣҾһӣ֮Ž޷һһȫʬġ
ײģܿͻóˡ
𲮻Ц
ţƼȣ˵оˣ½ﲻشЦ
ܿ죬ŮŸƼȿÿһȣɽ亣ζ̺Ũ븹Уʤչա
ڽ̵ıУһʱǻЦڸŵĳϷ׷׽յ̸Ц
͵ˣл̼еܹ׼ʱԼ

ͬʱ𽣶ڲ̫ɽһڲ
أϥȫ񣬸̽Լı챦Уȫ߿ɺࡣ
߿ͨͨɺϿգһ񣬱ׯϣӲɢ£ӳ߿Ѫ֮С
ʱһһš
ӣƺѾԼˡӦ̣ǰڽأ𻢾һսġ
ǣҼѪɫĵڣ飬Ըӳֵǧѷɲ״һҪܵذѪɫ㹻ԸѪɫδǰ;ŷǳĺô
ȫע׿еʼȫѪɫ
ת֮䣬ֹʱ䡣
𽣶֮С
շһڸ߲㳤ϣȫⲽ㷲
Ϊλûгأ
ѪҲڶʱڻָս״̬
ʵڲУͱȥڽӦսˣȸջָ˾ɱڽ̲٣
¡շ׷ɣԺзڡ
ͬʱ׵ı챦С
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
һı׵Ķ֮У߿Ӵɺ࣬˲˺ѿ֮Уɳһ̬ӴѪɫ
ˣˡ
ÿһѪɫѪ죬ȫƣ˵񿥡
ȥؿһѪɫھ֮࣬צѪ죬һɹ̩ɽѹʥϯ£˳ӿѪ졣
ɡɹˣ
пϲ



1464 ʨӺ
ѪɫϯµĿֲƣײɵĻŭţ̫ˣѪɫӵԪľΪһУͨ
һʱܵѪĿ뼤֮顣
ͬǣѪɫһǳѪң侳Ϊ׵ǰΪһ¡
£ӵԪľΪԣѪɫҲӵԪľΪ
ʵϣΪİ壬еѪɫһ츳׽߾ʱѪɫἳȡ׵һ˿Ѫɱ䡣
ֻҪɱɹѪɫľΪͻ״ͬһˮƽߡ
⡮˲طǡ֮ͨһѪɫһӵҴͬһˮƽߵľΪɱҪʡµö࣡
˳˰ѪɫÿһѪɫӵԪľΪսѹʥĸ֡ͬʥߣ˵սʤˣնɱѪɫǳ룡
Ц졣
ѪɫΪ˵һ֧սΪˣͬʿսʤѪǰѪɫˣ
˰Ѫɫ׵İȫϵս˵ٶȷһͬʿ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ
飡
ϲĵڣ׾һĻˡԭڰеһѪɫƼĵһʱ䣬ȻѿΪһ⣬ٿӿѪڡ
ʱȫѪѪһ˿˿Ӳӵķ⣬Ʒħȱɱ¾棬νħͬ壬η壬أǳ졣
ţ
ô£
˫˸˸Ź⣬һؿѪѪ֮ǰѪͬԸӳ֣һĨׯϡ
׵һȫ̽Ѫ״̬
ϧ׷ǳơ
ʩչѰۣҲδֱܷѪɫ֮ǰѪɫкβͬһ˿֮⣬ȫûһĲ
ˡ
ֻһһѪɫʱѪһɳ죬˷ܵطѪɫ
ƺҵͬ飬ǳ
ѪǰƺҲΪǣܿʹһʮǢ
ˣˡ
Ȼһ̣˾㵵һĻˡ
ѪɫѪɫ˼Ȧ֮ͻȻצѪɫһŭ׶צһҪһµļơ
һƺҪСгưԡײݸһЦѪЩЦá
ײûֹֻǾ䡣
ˡ
˭룬ûѪҫãһѪɫ͵سѪһ춯ص֮˻ҡػΣǧս
У̺һ˿Ԫ
ʱѪŵһģЩӸ߿еһʱβĶӡĶ֮ǰҫͼưԵ̬

׿һĿࡣ
ղѪХƺҵطʨӺ֮ͬѵѪΪʳѪԵʣһ˿죿
һµһԡ
ȻѪսҪѪʤһؼԭ򣬾ѪںһöѪڳ֮Ըӳ֡
Ȼ˵ֻǲһı죬Ҳϲˡ
ǺǣҪ˵ӦѪʵһŶԣΪѪҵʱƽʱʳฯʬʯҪΪȹ̣ԪҲҪۻ롣
˭ȻѪ
ҡͷһЦҴӽڽػ֮óһöѪιѪܹѪͬһˮƽߡ
һˣ׵Ÿ߿еѪһ
ˣˡ
Ѫ׷״ӱзӶƾճ̫ɽ֮䡣һצ
ͻһĻ̫𽣶ĵӣȫһ
ǿ쿴̫ϿվȻ˰ѪɫӵԪΪʥĴڣ
ţĪ⹥ҽ𽣶죿
죬쾯ݣ
ףѪɫƺַսһģһѵַĽ
𽣶ӣ׷̫ϿյİѪɫ
أء
ͬʱɽ֮䣬صһٶʵľеĵ㳲һֳַɫŵؿ߿ա
𽣶ڲշ硢һڸ߲㣬Хĵһʱ䣬ӶԴȥ



1465 ƽ
ಣ
׵Ӱ˲ϸ߿գ˰Ѫɫǰǳסڣ
ء
ѪɫʱԹԵغ£ͣػ׵׵ĵǲ
һĻ𽣶ĵУɵ־ϲԭ񾭣ҲԷ
ԭЩѪɫŽ廿ս裬龪һ
ţ̫ˡŽ徿ʲôȻһӻ˰ѪɫңѪɫԪľΪ
̫δҲֲ̫ˣҲ˵µ࣬ڣַһ˵ͱɽҪֲ
ַʥĦݿ˶ܹΪūһЩѪɫҲ֮֮еˡ֮޷˼άַΪ
ڸĵӣһʱզпÿһݵס
ʷУྪĶǵĹഫ˿ڿഫÿÿ̸𣬶Ϊ֮İо塣
ǡ
˵ϾǴ˵ңɼΪڿഫٿĳɷҲԷֱ棬ԣ˵𺳣ܻи޶ȡ
ǣӣȫͬˡ
׵ĴڣУһĴ棬ÿÿ׵һһŵ漣ʱ鶼ܵһȫµ
ַ
ַ
һʱ䣬¡շһڳϣ׷ڿն𣬳׵ķӶһϲЦտΪ׸еˡ
ϲϲ
ʦ˲Ѫɫ
շ縧Цϲ
׹һЦ˵ͷλЩȫȫѪɫΪܹѪϧķ˴ѴѵѪ
˻
䣬¡շ硢ɫȫΪ֮һһùŹֵס
̼䣬һʶ׵һɨ׵Ϣչ֮ǰһǳʱȫӿЦĸо
ַڸʲôҼľںĺ͸ѪΪ㾡ָѪӶ𻢵սлʤȻúѪιս裬Ǳ
ʦܣǲòϣѪɫȷǳǣѪɫϾս裬㼴ӭսĽ𻢣ɲսɱЩŬȫǰ׷ѹ򰡣
ַҪͱȥڽӭսˣʲôʱˣʲôʱأڽڽǱߣһᴦ׵ġ
¡շһڳϣ࣬¸ͣ
ڹԼˣ׵Цûмųֻǵȵ˶˵ˣŲ΢΢һЦ͵λʵѹûҪƾսʵսʤ𻢡ʵҪ˵ЩѪɫҵľѪİ壬ܡʬԪؾͬһ͵Ĵڡ˵ȫھʹõġ
ǲѪɫҲȫаս𻢸һնɱ
һгģ
ѪԪ̫󣬸޷սշһؿס
ˬʴЦİɣǹһ֣ô˭֪ڽ̵ıС˻᲻ٸ°ʹУ
ԣ¡շ硢ɵõһһ־ϲ³һ
ԭʦһֱʵǵ˺þã
ȻҶַҹͬǷǳ˵ġֻҪַܹ˳նʤǽ𽣶ٳ߸ͷһ
һĵ̫ˣԶ޷µʵǳ
¡շˣɵӶЦ
ˣԼӣѾȥˣ㻹ǸϽǰڽظԼգ»ӡ
´ߴһ
׵ͷһЦá
£һӣӱٻһѶѽƬÿһƬŲӲӱ⡣
ЩһЩϵķɳ
죬ָһӣһɹεԪϯֱӽĽƬЮѹΡ
ǡ
ܿ죬ѵɽĽƬͱ׸ѹһʮĻƽ
ƽһΣɢҫ۵ıԣڻƽǰаãٲȻǸѪɫԤġ
ţ
ڸʲô
һƺҪһʽɳһĶ֣һﲻг׼ַǳ߶˵ķɴôﻹҪһʽķɳǶһ٣
㶮ʲô֮ǰаսУڤʵľģʿ׷Ч£Ҳ׷泱
۷׷ףúĿ⿴ס
ȣ
׶˵Ŀ޶ãһӣʹ߶εԪڻƽԿ԰ټƵķġ
ҪҶʱ޷߶а۴ķ壬һҪڻƽ֮Կһdַ׭
ֻôһķˡ
Ҳ޹ؽҪң⣬ѰʿðңһٻҵĻƽ
׵һЦԼĽΪ⡣
ȥ
˵У׵ͺһƽǰİ˸ףʱ˰Ѫɫβ֮ϣڰѪɫ£ڿն
λ;ҵļɣ
Ҫ˶ãҾͻ῭飡
һԾ˻ƽ֮ϣز˫ȣյذڳϣŸ¡շ˻˻֡
ౣأ
ǵ칦ƣ
¡շˣһɫŹֵس׻ָ
̫һĵӣһȵضŸ߿еľ󣬶ó뾴أͬʱÿһӣȻԼ̫ĵӣһǳǳԺ飡
ţػɽ壬һɽĵӣһĽ޵ı飿
ܿ죬Ŀ֮£ͳ˴̨꣬ţѪɫĻƽƾղ봫̨֮Уʧ١

һߣڽ̵ı֮С
ʱһһţ˵𽥵ý
͡ˣǼöͷðȹϵһת
ͣޣֻʣСˡҿŽʮа˾ǲˣȻŽȨˣôսա
֮ǰѾѪģ㲻Υ־ԸΪһ˵ġ
𲮻ЦһĦȭƣȲҪնɱģ
ף
ͽس͵
һ˵ͷվãǰսա
ʹ죡
𲮻ЦλǲǶǽڽ̵طǳôڣҾʹǰҽڽأͽ;һսĵط
ԡȫڣÿһŵĳϣȫ˫Ź⣬м



1466 ɺ
Ŀ֮У𲮻һȵشӱзӶһƬɽϿա
ʱ˿̣ڱǰһɽۣ֮ڽ̵ĵӣһʱĴͨڽ̵ء
ڴΧرأȥʥ֣𣬸磬ɱڡ
ڴΧȻżʮεһֻԿ
λͿֱӲҽڽ̵أ
½һŽڽ̵һڸ߲㳤ϣһȵسž޷ɽ۷Ӷȥ
ݼ
ݼλϣ
ػڴΧĽڽ̵ӣһ½һڳϴ׷׹ͬʱѸٳػڴΧķ
ߣ
½ͺһӣֱӶ˴֮Уһ󱦹ɢ䣬Ӱƾʧ١
ߣҲգ
𲮻Цſͣߴһ
ɫԶ߰˰ٸڸŵĴһɫӵػ͵ԡ
ף𲮻ΪҪսڽڽأп϶вΪ֪أĪۣ
͵Сǻ̼֮ɫ
̾һΪ˸ʱ䣬ϧѪģѾƵ±Ե˵Ͷ·ˡ֮ƣֻîȫȡսʤ𲮻
͵Уӹһ˿֮ɫţǲսˣǧҪΪұ𣬻ȥ֮׼̳ҵ֮λţ׻ԵֻҪ֮λһܹ𽣶չϣ𽣶гһܹΪϴһָʱرѪϴڽ̣ұҲ
ס¡
סľڵˣɵð̾
ʣһսȫûаյģͬ
ǣѪģʹסľڵҪԮҲΪ
գ˲ʮֱХɽصһƶ޵˲оëȻ
һ˵ıͬԶĵطȴһ̬ŮǧĭԣੲݵԴš
ĭ꣬һʶһҵľɵġû뵽ŽǸų򣬾Ȼսʧ͸
׻˵ܵ˺ܲܿǽڽ̾ͻ𽣶ȫ濪սرƽ𽣶졣ңŽͷʱ鶼Ὣע۽ҵϣ֪Ҳһһˣ
ĭɣһС˵־ģ
ĭʼնĬƾ˵ÿڸûȤһ仰
֮ǰвͬǣĭ겢ûвͷشϽ𻢵ĻýΪĭѾʼԼˡ
ǣԴ޵Խˡ
޷ۣ֮󣬷һڽ˺Ѱ졣
ˣ
ʱ𻢴һӣٻòڵĽڽŮЩŮڽڽ̵ųϣʱӽ𻢵ָӣ𻢵ǰǴ
ţǸϽû壬ŮĹ͸޷ۣ֮ҪĭΪĴ
ΪطԸһ
ԣŮŮ빫ĭ꣬ȫ΢оһŹֵؿǰλʥŮ
ŮһˣڸŵĴҲ׷ײĿ𻢵ľٶע


ԪŮ˵͹Ӧţзһ˲ûһֻֻɫʰ쵵ɺס
ÿһֻɺףߣȫëһɹʥϯΪ񿥡
ণ
ণ
ণ
ֻʥɺףŮĭ꣬ǰ΢΢ӣȴĭɺ׵𱳡
ৡ
һĻŹֵľ󣬺ܿͽڳʿĿ⣬ȫˡ
ǿڽ̾Ȼǲʥ֣ŮĿ˳䵱
ʥĸ֣һ⣬ͷȻĸԸظŮһ䵱˸о˼顣
ŮôӣȻҪʥɺײڽأǷޣ
۷׷ףһзŹ⣬вϵզ̾
ͶĻĿ⣬ĭ겻ɵоϲ΢΢һԾͺһһֻɺ׵ıϣչֳ˼Ϊ
Ůˣĵģĭ꣬ĭһͷĻᣬȻܾ
ʵϣĭУΪϲġ
ĭ겻᲻صɺ׵ļ֮ϵʱڳʿ鲻ԽطһȲ
վɺױϵĭ꣬ʱӵˡһžСͶĽĿ⡣
ĭ꣬ɺһʥ䵱ǵңһЦźۼƨĭ꿩ֱЦ



1467 С׼
ܿ죬ŮһŮʡǧĭꡱ͸һֻɺ׵֮ϣĽĿ⡣
ڣ˷ͬŮһŮҲմ⣬Ůͬʱһֻɺ׵ıϣȴɡ
Ůһǳأײβû뵽һνڽ̾ȻܹŮһŮǧ
֪ˣ˵ŮһڽǧСĭ꣬𻢣
ʲôŮһǧС㣬Ҫ¼޸𻢣ôܣŮһڽ˵ҪһĹȣҲࡣΪҪڽ
ֻ֪һ֪ţڽ̿϶Ůһ忴صĵطֻǲ֪ˡ
ڳһʿ۷׷ס
ণ
ܿ죬ֻͷһֻɺһ͵ƽȵط֮ۡ
ţֻɺףҲϡ
ò˵ֻɺ׷ʮƽȣɺ׵ıϣȫܲһ˿һĻζƽһд⡣
ţڸ߿ȦҪʿ֪ҽڽ̴ӽŮһͬһӪ
ĭ꣬ҵδӣ
Ÿ߿еֻɺףһʱĻŭţûɺ׽ھ޷ۣ֮ֻɺ´
ণ
ণ
ণ
£ֻɺӦųһߣڽڵΧ
ñϵĭꡢˣ־ϲ
Ůô˻ǲİգ۲쵽ԼıǧԴɺ׵֮󣬾һֱֵúϲ£죬ʱش̽ĭ⡣
ðա
ĭ꿩ֱЦҪƾССݣ뽫ˣȫǳ룬һҪԺı֣
ͷһЦΪ˵Ȼ֪ԭʯŮѾʼ𲽵ؽܽˡ
ֻҪĭԸܽ𻢣ôŮһڽ̵ˡ
ޣʲô˲ģ
ϹƲƲ죬Ϊмбһ۸߿еֻɺףЩǿЦԼȫƼξ֮ϣƫƫҪɺ׵ıϣԴԼݣֱ
ΪԼͷʥɺױϥ䵱һ˵
Ůһĭ꣬һͲʲôŮˣ𻢵䣬о仰ô˵ţŶˣζͶһ
Ҳ׷ױŸԵķ߿
ˣˡ
أĭꡢ˾زٿɺףڸ߿ŸŵʿͶĽĿʱһһƽһը죬ȫһ
߿еֻɺףԭе÷ǳƽȣͻһХʱɵñܵȫһ˫Щϵĭꡢ˸˦
ô£
ĭʧæԴ
ৡ
ͬʱڳʿȫ׷׿Դ
ȥؿԶˣŰѪɫһƽŽڽڵķ۵糸
ÿһѪɫӵԪľΪƳ죬ҡػΣ𵴡
ţǿ쿴ţȻðѪɫǺôų
ãǰħ壡˰ħ壬ѰʿԲ˴ֱʵľٶ
ĳ棬벻ڤʵľһޣҲ֪ǺηʥȻô˵еѪɫ䵱
ɽɽŮһʥɺףѾǳˣν˷ͷǣ𺳳ЩС׼ˣ
ڸŵʿȫɫŹֵؿ۵糸Ļƽ
أء
죬ڽȫԱ
òаħҽڽɽţ
ڽ̵£ⶼصżѹֵľ˷׷ֳַڿն׼ӭս
Ѫɫ
ͽԶеѪɫԭһ˲ƺʦսһģһѵʦˣ
һˣ͵΢΢˫̽ƽϵӰ
ˣ˅ˡ
ܿ죬ƽ˵ڻƽϵӰҲ˲ӡ˵֮С
Ž壡
ţŽ壡û뵽ŽջǸս
׻˵ղĿ࿴Žʲôʱ˰Ѫɫ䵱ģµǣѪɫӵԪ۷ΪǺôų
Ǻǣ֮£Ůһ˵ɺףֱһЦ
̫ˣ𲮻֮Լʱ仹ûе׳֣ô;𲮻жԾˣҪֳĽ𻢣
ڿ׵ĵһʱ䣬ȫһָӵıӿӡ



1468 
Ž壡
ʧһΣȻҲ⣡
ľڡ׵ˣȫ־ϲ
ˣСӣ
Ҿֿ֪϶һսģǽֱЬ䡣治֪Ķһµģ
ϷҪˣ˸оЩѪڣ
Ⱥ֮УϷҹ֡ˣһһӶЦ
쿴ָˣӣͲ𲮻ɱˣ
ֱϲЦտ
ָˡ񾲵վȺУһôض׵Ӱ˵ĻƺҪѿǶ
һߣڿƽϵӰȻ׵ʱɫʱ৵һ±ò԰ֽ׵Ŷ֮ɫԭģ̼ʧ٣ȡܻ֮ŭ
ףȻս
ߣҲãҿֽͷħ
գҪ޻أ
𻢵ڣ͵ϯһɳɱ絶罣Ϊ
ţ
ʿۼһƺҪڽ̵أ
ʩչѰۣܿͽǰŪһʱ³һɤ۵࣬ڻء
̫ˣڻǸˡһƣ𻢣վڣ
Ŀһ˵ϵĽ𻢣񣬾ͺһͷ׵ĸ
󵨣

ĶƤȻҳײŮһŮǧ𣿡
ֻڸ߿еɺףΪѪ𺳳Щʧ׹䣬֮ĭ굱ڳĭǳĲǳ⡣
ŮһŮһſڣ޼ɵáȫûб糡ס
Ůһˣ
üͷһԶ߿еֻɺױϵŮˣɵЦһңһΪǺηʥȻҶߺԭһŮˡ
Ž壬ǵǹƥԲڤʣδˣ
ζһЦӺһתʱһơ
£һߴŰѪɫɿسֻɺ׵ķϯȥ

ڶϺХգۼ䣬ƽֻɺ׾Ѿǳ֮ˡ
ڣһ¡
𡭡
ʱѪɫһХ˾ǣѪɫĺХУ̺һ˿İ壬Ԫ糱ɽʯ䣬𵴣ڷŵĽʨӺ
ণ
ণ
ণ
ֻʥɺף˽ľ֮ڣȻܽʨӺŵøεѣѪڣʱһΣֱӴӸ߿е
ͬʱϵŮһŮ׷æҵشӸ߿׹ڣŮһǧСĭ꣬Ҳδѡ
һʱ䣬ֻɺӰƶߵķһʮǱ
ҺãֻܿɺŮһŮĭ꣬ȫסΣնһڻƽϵŭĿӡ
ΨֻŮһŮ׵˽ʨӺɫȴǷǳѿ
ǿ쿴ţǳƨŮǶ˶ˣ
Ѫɫϵеĸ߽壬ѪɫֶӵԪ۷徳磬һֻʥɺ׸ŵƨҲʵ
Ž廹ǰһޱȣȻŮһ嶼ҵӣкϷˣ
ٺ٣ŽҪô¶棬һ¶͸𻢵δһǴģҪôճˣ
۷׷ף࿴Ůһʿ׷ֳƿ죬ȫںɱһĿ⡣
СӣŮһŮһСҲǰ֣һɫ͸֪ߵغ񣡡
ڵһɿֲܷɿһ˫мҪ
ĸʴˣϽСָɱˣֻҽޣ
ĭ건ݽҧý
ã
⣡ľڡ͡׵ˣһ쭣ʱпһ¾ҪػףȻΪʱ
䡭
ֻһ춯صĺһɺ̩ɽѹѹԳ׵Ļƽѹ£ƺҪѪɫֱӸƷ
˭룬ʧΪҪʱ̣˾ȵһĻˡ
׵ڣ͵ϯһɲܣһѹµѹʧ١
ǺǣϵҪ֣ԣǰñеİٻǰһ֮ˣ
뿴ҵЦûôף
һɵζЦ



1469 նʾ

ȫΪ֮Ȼʿȫһؿףǿһֻ֡
Ҫ֪ԵĵˣŮһŮʡӵ龳Ϊ
һ龳ĸ֣ͷŶѹȣȻԪף׾ٵػˣ
һʱ䣬ڸŵʿǾ̾
СӣȻҵѹƣ
Ȼûϵܹ׾ٵػ⹥ƣһʱפЩûзӦ
ಣಣಣ
ͬһʱ䣬͡ľڡ׵׹ϵΪ׽ʿ׷ػڻƽΧһضٶֹס
壬ˣһ㣬žҪӦս𲮻ˣ
ν粻ɣ壬ܹʱϵǷǳ⣡͵ſˣ
壬ʲôʱѪɫųֱ벻ڤʵľᲢˣ
֣ǼֵܣʿˣһβҪӮһҪӮƯ
ľڡϷҹˣ׵ĻƽΧסһ࣬˸ָ⣬һʱ䲻֪Ȼشһ⣬Щ޴롣
ʦ֣ҪӦս𲮻ˣ
촽һ˼ؿ͡
һЦұֻ뾡ܵظһЩʱ䣬ڽ̱ȵ̫ݣҾֻˡ
ʦ֣ˣ
Ϊж͵Ĵ֣ˣֻҪȺϷˡ
һὫնʾڣ
¶һĨŵЦݡ
ţ
壬״̬ΪȻ˵ԣ
͸Ѫѵû
ľڸϢʶһɨ׵ıѪǳϡʱ򣬲ɵΪ֮һʡ
ͬʱڳһ˵ȣҲΪеؿס
˵Ŀ⣬׵һЦҲûʲôʵϣʱҸûѪѪѪɫ
ľͲɵһ
ʱûлָѪԪֻԹԵѪɫ
壬Ҫƾսʵʤˡ
ʹԵز̽һ۰ޱ񿥵Ѫɫͷ˼·ѪɫӵԪΪնɱ𻢼ֱ׾ٵ顣
ǣһսκ˲ܹ֣սҲᱻսľڵһ䡣
ƾʲôͺüԣ˵ѪɫʦþѪİ壬ͨϵսͬ൱ڽƵĿܣս
ľ͵ۣײɵÿЦá
˵ʵ֮еҪѪɫһΪ׳ʵǿ䵱ƽĳ뿴ð˵еѪɫǿҪжˡ
ĽĽ
𻢶սǷܹʹѪɫ׸̫⡣
ĭ꣬û°ɣ
𻢹˲ףڿڶĭ޴վУСϵʱ򣬻æӣĭǰһֺõڨڨЦ
ޣ㣬ҳʲôƨɺףСˣ
ĭһ𻢣һһԷȭ޹һŽ𻢵š
ÿһȭ̺ΪԪýЩѪ
𻢼ȲұܿҲһֻ֣ҧţڴĭԹܹƽ
ĭ꣬㲻ҪˣģһҾŽͷǸô
ЦȰ˵
ĭͣ˴ҧ촽ΪصͷãֻҪܹŽͷҾԭˡ
ĻǴӽ󣬾ҲҪˣ
ĭһҲö࿴һۡ
ֻûεɺףսսطɵ˽𻢵ǰǵĴϳͣ

ûѵһ䡣
Ϊɺ׵Ůʱһϲæȥ
Ž壬ã
һ㣬;Ҫˡ
𲮻쳹أ񣬼ȻѾˣô𻢽һƽս
գ֮䣬ֻܹһˣ
׼𣿡
½ضףƺҪ׵ġ
ײȺЦеصͷӦʱս
ȻˣǾȽһεľսǽڽ̵أ𲮻ߴһڶʿ˾޷֮۵Ĵ
գۼ䣬ʧ١



1470 ʥ
߰˰ٸŵĴһӵ׵һĳȵشףܹ˵һ仰
ϧڳʿʵ̫࣬Χ㣬νˮйͨ׸к
ʱ˿̣׾ͺ׷żڶķ˿
ɸλ̧Զҹʿժ½𻢵ͷ֮󣬶Ҫϯú͸λʱ򣬻λܹ
׹ֵлЦЦбһ۲ԶĽ𻢡
磬һᵽģ
壬Ӣۣûɲ֧㣡
ߣڽ̵ľΪУΪУֻҪһ£ǸŵʿһԮģ
ڸŵĴ׷׻ͬʱЦⰻȻرԼܵ£׵Ĺϵ
ȫŵĴһ󣬱㾶ԴӻƽϷ£ЦеߵǰôǸڽ͵յû
һЦ˵ͷ
ñӶˣǺǡôû뵽աЦ綶һ֦Ҳ
ǡ
һ٣Щ̧ͷ׵۾֧֧ڽ̵Ľ𲮻һǡһڹײģ
ײģʧЦҡҡͷΪ⡣
ߣǸϳҴǶ硣
һһңλ˵С֣˻ƽλ֮ϣν޸ǳ
ȫ־ϲڶʿĽУɰѪɫĻƽҪж⡣
֮£֮ǰɺ׵ĭ꣬Եúˡ
ˡ
һеѪɫʱ쳤ХһƽըףҡػΣ𵴡
ԭӵڻƽΧʿ׷˱ܿ±ƽײˡ
ߣ
׵ͺһ񿥵Ѫɫʱڿնһƽס˸˸߿գԳž޷֮ϵĴͨӶȥ
ৣһʱ䣬ڳʿĿ⣬ȫ۽ڸ߿мΪĻƽ֮ϣŻƽɱ⣬һڳޣ¶Ľʺ޵ı
Ž޸ǳλң·˭ϣԸô뿪
ǳͷˣ֪ǵĽĭˣҪӦԣ
˵ģŽһӢۺܣĸŮϲĽܹõŽĴ࣬ʲôʱܹ˵һ仰¶Ҫֺһ졣
۷׷ףòϢ
С֣ȻķͷһҪʬΣ
СˣЦö࿪İͺ»һҺ޲ýǸι
ĭۿ״ƽ˾޷ۣ֮һʱ伵ʵ
ΪŮһǧС㣬ĭСļǿ񿴵ɫѷԼŮȫԼķͷֱ¡
ȻһҪɱڵĳ嶯̧ͷȥ߰˰Ӱ𣬲ظڻƽ֮󣬸ǸʵǿͷݲĭҰ
ĭ꣬ҽ׸նɱˣΪѸʱԾǣҲţ
ڨڨһЦŬذοĭꡣ

ĭһƫһԣö࿴һۡ
һˣŮˣôܹŮĸԸأ
οǴСļǿԵĭꣿ
ԴˣҲΣֻžնɱףҲƽϢĭͷ֮˻ġ
ܿ죬ڸŵʿȫ½½ز˴봫˵нڽ̵ڲ
ĭһǰһεӰֻؽڽء

һӴгڸŵʿסΣʼɢʶ̽
ȥǰ׳ľʱеʿȫ鲻ԽصһһĿࡣ
ĿԶطеʿһȫŻ硣̧ͷͷӣӿȵĻ𺣣ܴ𲻶ϵӿȣĻ𻨱Ž˵ľ
ֵһǣǬĻ棬Ѱ֣ǽڽ̵Ľʥ΢һпܱճһƻ̡
֮˷ӿȻǽʥƷʣҽɽһ𣬶ѷɫ
Ⱥ֮еϷһ޾Ļ𺣣ɵһ󾪲ɫӡ
ʱ˿̣ɴͶһʿһεڲƯ֮Уһǰľˡ
ԶԿڼ￪Χȫһ죬˹ľ󣬶ڲǷ絭ᣬľïʢ¶ˣһƯĵ죬ȫȻͬ硣



1471 ޳
Ǵ˵еĽڽôΪεǽʥ𣿡
С̫ˣȫǻ磡
̺֮Ľʥȫк¿ԽʼԴǶһգʵֲ̫ˣ
˽ͷӶȫǰľסˡ
λѾ˽ڽ̵ء
ŸλѾˣΧŽʥ𣬾Ԫʿ׹֮УҲҪΪ֮ɥԣϣǧҪóȻ뿪硣
ڽ̵ĸ½
˷׷׵ͷһɫϾ
𺣵ĺĵشܹʮƯĵ죬Ưĵ죬һνŽľսص㣡
𲮻һһȵشһڹ޳ΰ֮С
û뵽ڽ̵ػһ֮У
΢΢׿µĵ죬Թ㣬ԼĪʮ﷽Բڷ˵ԿԳƵһĴ½
Ȼˣʿ˵ֻһ֮ء
ಣಣಣ
£նǧӰ׷״ŵشһΰ
һΪ϶صĽһӴĽɣڽϣԿıڻԿŸָĹϷ׭У˻Ĺ磬ɵȻ𾴡
޳Բڲǧʿͬʱսƹ񹤡
ڸŵʿոԵӪԵطֳӪһӪֽ֧𻢵ʿһӪ֧׵ʿ
Ȼ˵֧׵ʿҪһЩǣڽ붷޳֮󣬾ͿԿмǧȫװĽڽ̵ػڶ޳ڲƣǽһҪռơ
޳룬һƬƽأשĵϣԿһֻչɵͼ̺һ۵ƣη
ˣˡ
׼ʻŻƽڶ޳Ͽ˼Ȧ콵ڶ޳㳡ϣ񫡣
ˣһԹսսܿͻġЦһ
أ
ǵ
Ȼǧ㲻㲻ԸʱҲûж˵һ仰ǳɶµڿն𣬷˹ϯ
ȣ
ʱһȻɱĽ𻢣΢΢˫ЦЦضף׵ĸоͺһ߸ˡ
׸⣬Ĵڣȫûз
λ
ʱΪ췽Ľ𲮻ըףҴ˷㷢ҪøλΪһ֤ýܹһƽԾ
ϣǶְܹ𣡡
𲮻
ڸŵĴʱȺ˽һɫϾضڹϯϣ׼йսΪһԾĲС
һһ޳еĽ˻ɾĸֲõĴκʿԲУֽ֮
ңΪռޣһһռ䣬ڲϵһ򱶣
𲮻
䣬ȫһȻ
˵нڽüɾĴڣΪˡ
û뵽ڽ֮УȻŻɸµĴѹ֣ڽҪսˡɴ˭;ֽĶԾһֻܹƾһսˡ
ޣƽ⻯ɴɽڽƿأֻҪ𲮻Ը⣬ȫʱɴ󣬰նɱŽ塣ǣȴ޷ڲս
ϣͲϵĹƽеĹƽԵġȻڽǧŵĴΪ֤Ž𲮻ǲġ
Ͼ¹ؽڽ̵ǶϷ
۷׷ס
޳ףԲɵһƣЦһ򱶵ռôǺǣ˵
˻ĹʮеһŽ壬Ѫ繯ǵƷʣͬʿУԳƵڶ˸ԳƵһ
˵һ򱶵ռ䣬˵ֵһᡣ
һ򱶵ռ䣬׶Գܣô𻢿ѾΪһ̲ˡ
壬Ϊ˱־սĹƽ㲻ҪھսĹУٻս󣬷ĻһжΪף
ʱһɴ㣬·޷㣡
𲮻в

䣬ȫһƬȻ
𲮻Ȼвף׷Ѫɫֻӭս𻢣
𲮻Ȼʱɴɱףȫһƽı
£ֻŽ𲮻ŵԣý׸ƾʵһʤĻֻҪ𲮻Ը⣬ȫұĽ
ֽ̫ҡˣһ¶ͽѪɫٻӽ𲮻˵ʲô׼սˣ
ɫӣһֱ𲮻



1472 ɴ
𲮻ֱ̫
ƾʲôܹƿػɴʱԴ߶Ž壿һӽ𻢣ֻؿŽܣ
УҲͬ⶷޳ноսɴɱǧŵĴΪ֤ͬԱֹƽ
ͻȻŽ𲮻һ¡
Ϊ𽣶;Բײμһȫƽı׵ɽ𲮻ƿء
ûͲƽ
Ƿԣ
֧׵Ŵ׷׳͵顣
ԣ𲮻ɵҡͷһЦһͬĿ⿴ͣĳͣʵ㣬ͬͬ⣬գ𻢶⶷޳һս
ȫԷģҽ𲮻ԲΪ˰һӣ˽ڽ̵Ͼҽڽɣܴ󣬲ǽ𽣶֥Сɡ
𲮻Ӧ
㡭
һ𲮻ȫû飬ʱһҧŶ޳е״һ壬ߣҾԲվ
䡭
䣬޳룬طһɽѵıţһεı֣ƾճ˵ǰȫסϯϵʿ
ͣ㲻Ҫˡ
ʵԴ̤ҽڽؿʼɥʧ̸еʸΪֻҪԸ⣬ȫڴˣΪҽڽ̵أ߾ߵĵط
𲮻һ޿֡
˻
ȫһ
ڵһʿ׷ɢʶŹ硣Ȼŵǣʥͣ龳ķף޷磬޷뿪ڽء
ڽڵС磬ٲȻдطӡסˣΨһĽڣֻд
𲮻̫թˣȻǸΣյĵطӣǸŵĴΪϵ׸ˣ
ߣ½𲮻ҲҶǸŵĴ֣Ļһǧŵĸ߲쳣ʦ½ڽ̵𡣡
ȻǳȥԱеģҪ֪˷ǰսʿУ龳֡׿ǻĹҵμǽ𲮻ʮӣҲﲻ𡣡
ڸŵʿɵ߳ŭ𲮻̺һĨԹ֮ɫ
׻˵²òͷʱûǿͷ𲮻ԡ
𲮻յΪͶģֻҪһһڣýڽ̰
ֱ£ҧ
ľڡ˵İο£Ϊ޵صشŴ
ԳĽ֮УʼΪмضŲԶ־Ľ𻢣һڣ𻢣̫ʧˡԭһǽڽ̵ӣһû뵽Ϊһߣȴȫûߵľ򣬾Ȼ̰Ľ٣ҪλһЦ
ʹıƣжٿɽԮգ㶼һ
˵ţһʼŹ컯ɾڲĳ̨
׵һʶ˳̨ڲֻҪԸ⣬̾Ϳһ֮䣬컯ɾ
ԣ۽𲮻Գʲô磬ƣֻҪܹӦ컯ɾеʶܹ˳
Ȼһ̣鷢ˡȫӦ컯ɾеĳ̨
ʵϣ׵ʶȫ޷ƽڽأ۸Ӧڤڤ֮е컯ɾˣ
ģյĴǳΣˣ
׶ͷð飬ɫò԰ֽ
׽ŵģ𻢲ɵЦһĵضףǳΪΪܣףҳϣұ츳ѪǻԵˣҪһء
ǣʱգҪԶѷңԣʤߣֻң
Ϣ𻢲ɵòЦ
ˣˡ
ƺӦеķŭѪɫ׷׷سŽצ޲ǰȥ𻢸̻
üͷΪͷشߴٵ壬ϽѪɫգѾȲҪͷˣ
˵ţһɳɱϯ𻢵ļ֮ϣظֳһֻ޴Ľʥ졣
ѪɫñѪİ壬һУƾʲôҪ
Цһȫᡣ
üͷŹϯϵĽ𲮻ȥ𲮻⣬һЦв壬ҪǲعأôҾֻʧܣնɱˡ
ɶ񡭡
ҧأװһʹļ׵ģһӣͽѪɫƽ˱֮С
ʱ޳Уֻʣ½Զ



1473 һǧ
ױѡЭڽ̵һˣɵӶЦϯϵĽ𲮻ǵð͡
ҧҧͻȻһ𲮻һνĿΪӹԣһЩͷΣ
ԣ𲮻Цһ͵ãǳȻҪͷȻ㡣
ɤӣ𲮻⽫Լһأ˶ܹһѺ裬ĽӮյʤ

ȫһƬզ̾
û뵽𲮻֮һ֣Ѻ裡
裬ɲһСĿǸ񣬴оԶĺ壬Ҳ˵þõóġ
˭룬ϯϵͣȴЦһҡҡͷ𲮻Ϊڽ̵һ֮û뵽ȻСҲЦ
𲮻ɵһ
裬Ȼ͵ĿУֻһСĿ
ûȽ𲮻Է;ͲѺһǧ裬ŽӮյʤ
֪𲮻û
һƵĿ⣬ֱӽ𲮻
䣬ȫһǧŵĴȫզ಻ѣȫ͵ľ𺳵ˡ
һǧ衭
ǻĹңҲ˵þóģһʾ޴ĲƸ
û뵽𽣶ڼϴֻܹǿƵ϶Ȼһ֣óһǧΪע
ޱ𺳣
ʲô
ѺһǧΪע
𲮻ɵõһ͵ǿһֻ֡
ûϵһССĽ𽣶𣬾Ȼ˵òƴ֣ᣡ֮£Ϊڽһ֮Ľ𲮻Եе㺮ǣСˡ
ģĶô裿ſڿӣҪװǰգ
½ﾪȵŴͣһĺɡ
½֪Žʱթ˳ɰǧŵʥӣʮϰ裬Ҳм裬˵թ裬ǧ
ܹóһǧΪעҲǴӣ
ڽ̵ļ˽Ļĳϣյ½𲮻ǰ
ԣ½Ϊ֮һţһЦ¶һḬ̃Ȼɽɽǽڽ̾ûоܶյĵ
Ӧս𻢾ܹʤ
½Ȳشߴ
𲮻һͺˬһЦ֮ͣǰ֮ԱĶעСҪ𽣶캮ǣѺ̫࣬ҵҲ⸶𣡡
ȻܹóһǧΪעҽ𲮻Ȼûоܾĵ
𲮻Ӧ
ǧŵĴڴˣΪڽ̽Ľ𲮻Ȼܹ͸˷ͷ
գ˵һǧˣǧ򡢰ǧ裬ڽҲҪӣһѣ
ã
ôǾѪģڱ֮ĵ죬ͽһǧ裬⸶ԷҪȻҪΪһˣ٣

ܵ
𲮻ҧ⣬Ѫġ
ͣȻҲͬѪġ
𲮻ѺĶע󣬱ҲѺϼȨǲģһһǧļƣǻǲҪˡ
𽣶ǲƴ֣һӾóһǧΪעҪǴȥ϶ý𽣶ٶ𣡡
̫ˣӱӾˣȻǶԹߣȴȫⳡסˡ
ڸŵĴھδʼ֮ǰͱ𲮻ĺģҲȤ
ԳڲԶƵŽ𻨡
壬˿Ԫǳȫһֻ׸ĸνƽȮۣҵҪʲôɱ
𻢰ϼһĨЦݡ
һĮȻؿźС˵־Ľ𻢣ЦԸ㣬ǲһֻһɣҪȫԸ
ֻһҲɱ㣡һû˯ѵģЦԲԶĽ𻢡
ϯϣеĹڵĿ⣬ȫ۽˽׵Ӱ֮ϡ
˾ǣ֮¾ʢĽ𻢣׵ʱȫһٴУиļơ
ѪϡףȴһɢģΨһ˫ǳӣʱ˸ʾһǿġ
˫Ȼδ֣ƸߵͣȴһĿȻ
ʱеĹУڴ



1474 Ŷ
ռ䣡
ϯϵĽ𲮻´
½ڽ̵һ뷢԰׵ĳϣȥ
䡭
ܿ죬޳Ľڲ͵һ򱶣
ǣǡ
ȫĽǣɵһʹϥǹǸǷһײӲûбͻһѹſ¡
ֻ˾ͺ˴˼̶ֺ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬üΪٻ
ߣֹͬۡ
ƺһһɺѪԿŷĵʯתǱ׵˫Ӳȳ
ţ
˿һ֮£ȻЩԳˡ
üͷһšȴʮֵĵȻ
ʥ𣬽ճȭ
΢Ӧһһ򱶵½͵һŵ棬˾ͺһöڵһ׺Ҷȥ
ͬʱȭӰϯ䣬ÿһȭӰ̺ȵĽɫʥ˲ҵֵ
ȣ
׵ͺһ̤ӡͬһɿڹ㳡֮
ͬʱȫ߶Ԫƴ
ܣûôף
һмܲסĶӣɵЦ´߶֮Ľ׷Ѱ׵Ϣѹ¡
ড
һ̶ԴĤ
ڡ
ûϵһʹ֣ڶһ֮󣬵½Ųһ٣ӭѹµĽͺһȭ
ˡ
һȭХ죡
Ȼط
ͻֱָ𻢵꣬𻢵ĶΪ֮һ١
ǧһ֮ʣ׽Ųӡ֮յرܹ˽ѹһΣ˽𻢵ǰ
㡭Ѫӿǵͨ죬ںò׷Ӧ֮û׻һâ͵һգ˽𻢵Դ
һĵâͨ尵ɫ̺ųһ棬Ȼɼҷն
նףɱ
˽£⧲ȫûжܵĻᣡ
á
ѵҪˣ
սôͽˣ
ϯϣڸŵĴȫ鲻Խطһ
˲Ϣս˽ŵ˺
˵ʱʱ죬͵һš˵ǣһּΪ֮յرܿҪλ
͡
ֻһڽѵ죬𻢵һֱֱۣӱĵâ
һʱ䣬Ѫ׷ɣ׹ɭɭ

ȫΪ֮ȻÿһڹϯϵʿȫȻһ˼ضǰһĻ
ǿ𣿽𻢵һֱ۱׸ˣ
Žսʵֲ̫ˡȻ״̬˵Ե£Ȼܹ𻢵սռϷ磬һͿ˽𻢵һֱۣ
ΪĹʮźһĴڣŽ֣˿ڿഫۿŽķɣ۷
ڽһζǰʯͷԼĽţҪɥ»Ҫ⸶һǧĶע˲գ
۷׷ףÿһ˶׵ֶΣ۷ˡ
⡭ôܣ
Ž壬Ѿ˾ųɶıѪ£ôǽ𻢵Ķ֣
½ڽ̵һڳϣȫɫɷףŵһ亹
Ҫ֪ղŽ𻢲һ㣬ͱ׵ĳնһбˣ
ŸոտʼϷںͷ
֪ʱڽ𲮻Եɫž޲
𲮻ҲǿȻȫûΪ·ļ١Ȼ𲮻Ҳ֪𻢵ʵûչֳ

˵С֣Ь䣡
ϧһͽ𻢸նɱˡ
ϷҹֵˣһϲЦտ㵸
޳ڲһ֮󣬲û׷ʹ򣬶סΣܵؽʡʣ޼Ԫ
ء
ڽ𻢣ص̱ڵأзɱĺҵֱۣ壬ҪʬΡ
˵ţʹȫȫɫĽʥ֣ƻ·
ڽʥļӳ֮£𻢶ѵұۣܿۿӵٶȣ˳
˵ֻʣһնɱ㶼´ˡ
شһǷζ׵Ľ𻢡
̣ȫֱ£ϵľ֮ɫȴԽŨȫû֮ǰɱһµһĿ̬
ǺǣΪŽ壬ܹҵŶ֮£Ҳˣ
Цһӣʱӽ𻢵ڣɳ˾Ÿ񣬳Ȼϣÿһ𶦵ɫȻͬȥһĹ켣Ưڽ𻢵ʥڲ¶ȶʱһɳ죬׹˻¯֮УҪۻһ̲ŧˮ



1475 ˽
Ŷǽڽ̵ľֻĺĵӣʸ
ͷųŶٲȻҪĵƸչֳˡ
䣬䡭
ŶƯڽ𻢵ɢĿֲѹҪ׸顣
ϯϣ͡ľڡ׵ˣɵʧ
ٻŶƺЩͬѰ
ľ΢΢˫
𻢲ֻԪ磬𶦣Բ֮ߵƷʣУ϶è塣
׳
䣬һӪʿȫɡ
֣˻׷ʵ
֪ڽ̵ĺĵӣҪŶƷҪϵؼꡣ꣬ڷ飬ֻжƷȥˣŶܹˮǴߣ
ɵؽǣӽٻŶƷʷǳ֮ߣһԪĽԼĶꡣ
ţ
ǣŶǽ𻢼ģôΪܹٿأľüͷһšأЩɻ󲻽⡣
Ǻǣһ㲻⡣
һƣûв´Ӧʥĸ֣ԼĶ꣬˽𻢵֮СһŶƷʣͿڶʱһɳ죡
䣬ʿȫȻһһ
ûϵڽΪȷܹʤȻʥĳϽ𻢵Ŷ֮С
൱ڽ˽𻢣ֲֶεɡ
Բӡ
ս񹬵һλҡҡͷ˷׵Ĳ²⣬Ȼǽڽ̵ӣǣƾݵλöλڽ̵ʥĶ깰á
˵ˣǽڽ̵ʥԸ⽫͸𻢣𻢵ҲδܹܵסǵҩһһˣóȻ̳Դ֮ҩпܻᱬ
ս񹬵ĳиоݵط
ͷ
ȷ
ʥԸ⽫깰ãҲҪиܲС
˵𻢵ĶǴӺζҲʶԼĲ²Щ©·ŵ̬ʣҸо𻢵Ķ꣬ٳĸ˵֣Ÿ𶦵ĶƷʣβ룬ȫ֤𻢵Ķġ
ԣս񹬵ĳͬص˵ͷҪ˵Ļ𻢵Уȷб˵Ķֻ꣬ǼĴһ£û𻢵Ķںϡ
һսڽ̵ʥͿԽߣν֪
ս񹬵ĳϴ
һɵôʧɫ
ʲôζŽڽ̵ʥ֣ƷʵĶĴڽ𻢵УӶսٻնɱף
ȫ׵Ϊ
ǽѾںЩĶ꣬͵˻˵ʲôֻܰԹڽΪʤֶΡ
ǣֻ˽Ĵڽ𻢵УսʱٻɱУôȫ׵Ϊˡ
൱ڽ𲮻Լķ˽𻢣սʱ򣬽Ȼϲٿŷˣȴǽ𲮻
Ȼ𲮻ûнսУ׽ɱٿصķȴսͬס
赶ɱˣ
ĸ֣ʱ˵Ժ֮С
񣬽𻢵У̺Žڽ̵ʥĶ꣬ȫһ׵ΪĵֶΣ
̫ɣ̫թˣ
û뵽ýڽ̣Ȼᵱףնɱ壬ֱĿ죡
ޣ𲮻ڿ˵ҪһƽĶԾȴΪһЦ
ʿʱ
ס֣
ŭӿ͵վݺݵضŽ𲮻𲮻𻢵Ķģѵ뵱ǧŴ赶ɱˣ
ԣ𲮻΢΢һţЦһ¶һĨɫͣ㲻ҪѪˣ˭˵𻢵Ķģ
ʲô֤𣿡
𲮻һҺεģ
𲮻Ϊûܹε𣿡
һԼһ֮ϯҡػΣټСȫΪ֮
¡¡¡¡
춼Ϊ֮ҡΣ޳ϯϵǧŵĴȫʧɫһĿؿס
ǿ쿴׺Ҫֻعˣ
ΪŽ壬Ȼϧ𲮻Ҫ˵Ҳ̫ˣ
зǰڣս𲮻Ҫ͵ˣǲˣ
۷׷ףһζ𲮻
ǵصĿֲ𲮻ɵΪ֮ɫ䣬ڽ𲮻Եȴǰһ΢΢̡



1476 
ףҾǻĹŷҵļҵ㡣ǣǸҽڽ̵Ұҽڽ̾ƴҲҪǻĹŷҪһ˵
𲮻ҧ֣ơ
ڽ̵ˣﰵʿȫƣ׼֡
Цһڽ𲮻вûзϣֻֻǾ̫רԵˣҪһ£ϣ𲮻ǿеǡ
㲻ǶͶǵɲмһˣó֤ô
ЦãȻҲһΡڣǵλõߵһ£ͽͽ𻢵ĶΪλ˷ͬѰҪƾʵݡĻȫԽĽ͵ɶԷ磡
ԣûƾʲô㣬Ҫ֤ݡǾͲó֤ˣ
װףͲɣǵҪ𲮻ܹóʲô֤
ҿзǰڣĻյľսûа㹫ƽԣ
ڳŵĴһεؿʼɽ𻢡
ţ
𲮻ҧһŭӿͷûϵڽ̹㷢ŴͷΪ˽𽣶İס
𲮻߷ߵתͷѯʵһԵɫ䣬ƺûжֵļ󣬳Ƭ̣ȻҪ֤ݣý֤һ£Ҳɵ˹ԹԱ졣
𲮻³һ΢΢ߵãףҸһӣҾý֤㿴
ǷǺڰף۶ϣ
˵ţ𲮻Ŷ޳еĽ𻢺һ
޳ڲ׼߶Ŷһѹףû뵽ϯϵķףȻٻˣŵý𻢶ͷðҽ
ȵ𲮻֤Ŷʱ򣬽𻢻æͷ絷⣬гɡ
վڽ𻢶ʮ￪ףڽٻŶһɲǣʩչѰۣŶĵϸ̽һ
ϣŶеľŸ꣬ȫһ·ӵģԲǽĶꡣ
ԣ˫ֱأһſЦģ
λ۾ˣ
վڶ޳룬ͺһֱӽŶĶ꣬ȫһԵظٻ˳
𣡺𣡺
ʱȫԡ񽫣ƾմӾŶ֮ϯһƳ죬̺Ϣʥ
ৡ
ʱϯϵʿȫһضǰľ񽫡
񽫣̬죬Ȼյ˵ԲͬһʿĶꡣ
ϾŶܹҪŸ꣬ΪЧʣͨͬʱһģһĶꡣ
һǼ꣬꣬ͬʱС
ǾŸȻͬôʱ䣬ҪűպҪƷʣҲҪֱԴȫֿԵΪ
ȻٻĶ꣬ȴ̬죬Ȼͬ
ⲻеΡ
ھͽҵıѪ붦֮УŸ꣬ģôŸ꣬޷ںҵıѪ෴ܹںҵľѪô˵Ÿ꣬ǳҵ֣
ָһбƳһľѪƾƯǰ
ʱ˷׷۾գһ£´ؼһĻ
꣬壬֮һѪ֮һ˵޷ֱİľѪģҪգҲӦýѪ֮УɾʵղŶԡ
ǣ𻢵ľѪŸڵѪ֮һޣôſա
Ϊˣ𻢲ŻҪ취֤Լס
ţ
ҪʲôŸǳ֣ΪʲôҪеѪ֤
ѵ˵ЩѪǰӶռģĿģΪ֤Լף
һˣʶһɨ̽𻢴ڱƳľѪ
ȫ׵ϡһﴮľѪȻǽ𻢵ıѪ𻢵Ϣһޣ
⾿ô£üͷһšоĪ
ȥ
Ŀ֮£𻢰ȻشһӣһﴮıѪ˾նĶ񽫡
񽫣ʮɸߣֲ̬ʱȴ˳վڽ𻢵ǰɴıѪεϡ
δ𣬵δ𡭡
ʱĿһĻӡ˵
ŵУ𻢵ľѪȻͬʱ𶦻񽫸֮Уһʱ䱦磬ԲӲӡ
𣡺𣡺
𶦻񽫣ǵûų𻢵ľѪңƺ˽𻢵ľѪ֮󣬻Ϊܣвϵغвͣƺ뼳ȡľѪ
ȫ𾪣



1477 ڱѪ
𻢵ľѪȻɹر𶦻񽫸ˣ
ζʲô
ζ𶦻񽫣ǽԼĶ꣡
ҪȻ𻢵ľѪǾԲܱ񽫸յġ
̼䣬ȫ𾪣ϯϵʿɵһզп
ôܣȻͬĶ񽫣Ȼܹս𻢵ľѪ
ûϵ𶦻񽫾Ȼǽģӣǰԩˣ
𻢲Ϊڽ̵ӣȻԪ磬ͿƷ֮ߵĶѹŽһս
ӣ˾𶦻񽫵İռϷ磬Ž屾״̬ԣҪ𶦻񽫣ǳ˵Σ
֧׵ĸŴɵ˽ÿһʿɫÿ
⾿ô£
𶦻񽫣Բǽģһвɸ˵أ
˫أԲԼ۾
׽ü壬
ҿһвΪ֪أֻһʱҲ𻢵İѱˣľڶͷ
޳ڲھ𶦻˳˱Ѫ֮󣬲ɵõһЦؿ׵ķһҺεļơ
ϯһߣ𲮻һƣضżĬķףҵףڽѾˣǲ˼ʧˡ
ױһһһӣֱӽڣ鲻Ըðˣ
𲮻ԵһЦ
ǻʲôҪ˵
½ˣû飬ȰǲҪóȻϱԹԵرǵĳ죡
㡭ɫһаٰ㲻ޣʱ˿Ҳֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
û취Ѿ֤˾𶦻Լģûн͡׵ˣ׷ᣬЩȡֵˡ
ڳǧŵĴսζҪ˼Ӱ졣

һһӪʿȫտڲ𲮻Цߴٽ׵ɱС
΢ḧû˷ֵǣڽ𲮻һλϣ뷢԰׵ߣЩ߶ſֻۣ¶һŸɱݵȻǽڽ̵ʥ
뷢԰׵ߣһĿ˸˸ضŶ޳ڲ֮һָֻֻͷС𶦣Ϣתš
ȥؿ𶦣ȻɫȻϣ붷޳ڲĶһС
λϣˡ
½ﰵ
ģǼʥĶڣŽ޻أ
վֻһ֣
Ǻǣǽ𽣶ͣվֻưͳԻп˵ˡ
뷢԰׵ߣڿУɱϼһĨ˵Цݡ
ȼ֮ǰýںˡڱѪӶý𻢵ѪƷһɳ죬ڵĽѪױղŽͷŶѪҺǽڵľѪǸոڵĽڱѪ
ҽһˣڻٶ̺ڵѪλʥĶ񽫣ڽڱѪȻų⣬ڣڱѪڶ˵Ǵ֮
ԴµĴ𰸣½Ϊ˷ܵظ𲮻
𲮻ЦһӦǺǣҲǻԵ񣬲˳Ԫ磬ˡ졯ĵϵ£ڱѪǲڵӵģֻδŽӰˣʸС
Ȼҽڽ̵ӣҪŽӰ˵λãԶߣ͸ˣʸӰ˵λá
Ҫǽǽڽ˳ˣҵһɽңʦֽƼǲĸԸؽȷΪŽӰ˵ģὫޱĽڱѪʹ
𲮻ĴһΣֻҪ˳նɱŽ壬ʮأڵĽڱѪͻȫ𻢵Ѫ֮Уʱ򣬽𻢵츳ǣһءǸʱͬʿУûмʿĶˣ
½ͬص˵ͷٿ޳ڲףɵüЦһͺǿһֻ׵ĸг֮ɫ
ϯһߣϹġϷֵһ˵ȣȫ񣬰Ϊ׸еǡ
һǺŵü˺
ʦ֮ǰ˵еûչֳԸʦܲſڿӣĻⳡˣ
ҲЩûףֻܹһٶȵһĿ漣



1478 Ի
壬ϵûһܹȵ㡣
ǹҿͷҴ󷢴ȱܹһȫʬҲôĹײĻȥʬ嶼û
һʤȯյģضס
ЦһĮضŽ𻢣ȫ𻢵Ļ˶Է硣
Ϊƾ𶦻񽫣ܹɱˣ
Цζ
ڽ𻢽𶦻񽫸ٻĵһʱ䣬׾ʩչѰۣ𶦻񽫵ս߰˰ˡ
˵𶦻񽫵սԪ۷ʿǰ벽ʥս
𶦻񽫣൱ھŴ벽ʥ
ȫʢ״̬£벽ʥȫڣϢ٣ԪϡҪսʤŴ벽ʥĶ񽫣ٲȻһܵ顣
ǺǣͷȻӲһҾҪĹͷǲҲһӲ
𻢼Цһһӣϣ
𣬺𡭡
ʱһ춯صټһ޳ҡ
飡
ʮߵĶ񽫣һеķɱڵس׷˶ȥ
ϯϣˣֱð
Ҫǽ彫ѪɫٻԿ𻢵ľ𶦻񽫡ϧǽ𲮻ǿʶƫҪ˵Ѫɫס
ľڷ߷߲ѵһڡ
޳Уͦǹɱɫ䣬ٿأһͳһöȭͷСİɫѪ
ȭͷСѪһ֣ɢŨѪӲӣԶĿ
ţ
ʲô𻢲ɵΪ֮һ
ϯϵʿҲ˫ʮֺ档
ҵıѪҾųɶıѪֻҪ̷£תۼָܹȫʢ״̬
˵ţָһֱӽѪ˿С
ȻѪڲ̺ľѪǳ񱩣óȻ̳ԣ׳ܲסӶอѣ
Ѫ׵ıѪ۶ɵģһУУ̾׵澭֮С
ȣ
ȫⱩ͹ӯԪ׵Ľอ֮δܣ˵ƣϵ
𣬺𡭡
𶦻񽫣ɵýŲһ٣һŲǰȥʹɱ֡
ףӵʮĹеһŽ壬νѪ繯̳˱ѪָƣЩ벽ʥĶ񽫣ܵһɷǳвһʱз
ܡıѪѾϴΪ㻹ܹڵľѪ۳һöѪ
ѽѣһ˼ضס
ϯϣ͡ľڡˣɵûȸԾ㵸
ǿ쿴ţٻһöѪⱾѪƱؽں̵ܶʱڻָΪ׸ĸˣ
ڴľŽҪչֳʵս𣿡
֣ŽΪҪڵıѪ۳һöѪΪ׽˶ߣп϶ء
ڸŵʿһͷӶ۷׷ס
ף֡ıѪѾϴΪλܹ۳һöѪ
ѵȻûľѪǣǲľѪ黨ôõأ
͸еЩ˼顣
ľҲЩɶͷԣҪ֪֮ǰ׸ϴ飬ľڳģԴһľζ󲻵ܹͳһöѪ
֮ǰ黨ôģľҵļλϣȫɻ
ü΢Ƭ̣Щε΢ҡҲֻ֪ҵעһֵľѪԶԶûдﵽϴĳ̶ȡģָ罫һִ֮ҩںھѪУעҵѪҺ֮СʱҲɹ黨ҵľΪ˳Ľ
ԣ˲ɵ
һ֣Ļжϣʼնû̫ľѪƾһ鵤ҩڵ黨ġ
ԭһֱʵĿķǳ򵥣һ𻢿ý𻢷ɾ衣
ò˵ǳǸֶ
ľզп
ܹ黨鵤ҩ
⾿ʲô鵤ҩѵǽ컯ɾеĹҩ
˸еʮֲ졣
λֵܣǻǵõڳڲʱؾؾõöʥ
ʥųƿԽһ涾ǾԵĴ֮ҩ
Ҳ£ֶǸʥųɹ黨κõġ
ҹ˼ܣܿжϡ
ԣڳһ˵ȣȫéٿͷ
ԭǴ˵еʥѹֿԽ黨
ǺôĻԵȻ˵еʥУǳһѹױ
ӽ𻢵ı˿գʤļʽ󽵵ͣ
۷׷ס



1479 ʥ
ϯϣڽ̵һڸ߲㣬ڿ̷һöѪתۼͽԭ˿״ָ̬ȫʢ״̬ɵɫ䣬һüͷ壬ҧ
ʲôСӣԭһֱڰϻ
ɶ񣬱ǽʾ֭µһȦףȻûýܴӣָսҪսʤ״̬µĽ壬ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ǺųһĵһˣȻֻԪ磬սʥǶ֣
½뼸һûüë
Ž壬һҹĿ࿴ҿǰ׼Žָ״̬Ҳδܹսʤ𻢡
һЦأԲӡ
Ϊڽ̽Ľ𲮻սһʼͶȨƿűĽ࣬ȴǺɣͷ৶䡣
׳ɹָսýڽ̱ѹ
޳ڲ˳ں˱ѪľѪȫ³Ԫ죬ȭͷֱ졣
ϣ
ϣʬΣ
ܻ
𣬺𡭡
ʱ𶦻񽫣ҲƵس׷˶
׵ȻһЦ̤ӡƹһھ𶦻񽫵ϵͷųһЮųһĵâ
Ȼǳն
֮ǰͬǣͷŶĵâ飬ǵأûʲôɹĿռ䡣
ͣͣͣ
ܿ죬𶦻񽫾ͲϵرâУ
ɶһ̫ڹܣ𶦻񽫸޷壬۽ɱˡ
һԿøżҪǰԮЩ±׳׼ʱһлС
ûɣ״̬µףɱ𻢵
֮£ֻͷųԪһ㻤֣ľضһԡͬʱй۲ս֣ܹ
ϯϣڸŵʿһզྪ̾ȫ׵սˡ
ǿûУԸ벽ʥĶ񽫣ȻȫѴ֮ͺͥŲһд⡣
ʵʥ𶦻񽫣ȻǶ֣ܿͻ
֪𻢻ûеܹס壡
۷׷ס
ͬʱ𲮻̣ŭתͷλſۣ뷢԰׵Ľڽ̳ϡ
Ǿô£һССĽ嶼ɱһȺҷ
޷ͷնҾͿ۳ǵٺ»ۣȥɽڣ
𲮻ôӵۡ
뷢԰׵Ľڽ̳ϣȫһ£һʼ˼Ƶ֮ߡ
УƾǵĶ񽫣޷ɱģҪһڽ̳ü˼
ȼն񽫣ʥ壡
һҧҧ
ʲôȼն񽫣
ΪնɱһԪСȼն񽫣ڶǷǳģֵá
λϻæҡͷ
ˣѾˣֻȼն񽫣һ
Ͼɲһͨľغǽڽ̵ǽڽܷһսڴһˡ
ģİ塣
ĸϣֻ̾ϢŴӦ
޳ڲھ𶦻֮УϵͷŰ繥ƣž𶦻񽫣ϵЦԽԽʢ
𶦻񽫣ȫԡ׸ҿֻòȡλսֶΣĵˡ
𶦻񽫣״̬µ˵Ϊ塣
𣬺𡭡
Ȼ𶦻ʮߵӿ˳ҵʥ𣬺һƶĻɽ
ЩҵĻ棬Ӿ𶦻񽫵һ㣬ڹ㳡ĵϲߣȥؿһĻߣһֹۣ׵Χǧɴ۳һ޴ԲΣԲ֮⣬߻棬һγһơ
ˣʥ󣡡
һ𶦻˳ؽ׸ʥ֮У˷ܵһȭͷ
ʥ󣬿ǽڽԳĴ֮һһУȻǧҲӳ졣
οʥǾ𶦻񽫣𶦻ʥִ߶ġ
ּʥԽʥָճɻҽ
ײʥУȻǾһľˡ
ʥ󣿡
ΧϷ¶ȣײɵ΢΢üȴȻʮֳ
ϯ֮ϣ𲮻½ˣɵɫһϲ
λϵλڽ̳ϣȫעش߶ʥҪʹɱ֡



1480 ȫ
ãǽڽ̵ʥ󣬼Ϊֲּʥ󣬾ʥҲһ
ڽڵãڽ̵Ľʥ𣬵ƷʣɽһҲضã̫ˣȻʥ֮С
ģ𻢲ֻһԪʥûпܴ߶ּʥʵϣǽڽ̵ʥ֣ǹƥҲΪҪʥֺгɹĿԣ
͡ľڡ׵ˣȫһ
޳ڲʥף˿ûмٻţһʹ߶ű챦е󺣣ӿ
¡¡¡
ʱƥѪ󣬷ش׵ӿûһѪƳ죡
Ž壬˻ĹʮеһĴڣ
Ѫ繯
գҵҪŽѪܷڽ̵ʥ󣡡
һЦЦ̺żΪš
ʲô
ŽڣȻӿ˿ֲѪ󣿡
ŽѪʢ׾ܹٻһƬѪ֮ǰǻΪıѪʣ޼ѾΣˣû뵽ڽ˵Ǳˮнˡ
ϯϣڸŵʿһ̾׵ľֶθסˡ
ʥɽڽ̵Ľʥ߶ģʥƷʣֱӾʥ񣬾벽ʥĶ񽫣ȼջ飬ͷŶĽʥ𣬾Ʒʷǳ֮ߵĻ֣
˵ּʥ󣬾ʥ׹Уֲ˶ã
û뵽ŽȻţȻҪԼѪʥ׾ɾ˭ܸһĿԴգ
۷׷ףȫ¸ǡ
޳УһͷųһƬѪ׼𷴿ɵЦ壬ѾޣͲҪٴˣһͻҷʧǬ֮䣡
𻢵зǳ⡣
ɽڽ̵ʥ֣ȫ߶ľ𶦻񽫣ûʥһԪСܹ˵ģ
ţ
׵һЦڽ𻢵䳰ȷȫûзϣͺһϯصѪ󣬾ͷȼֱ
ȥԲĶ޳ȫͱĽɫûˡ
֮Унڽ̵ĽʥҲнѪȼպѪ֣໥ײ˻ҡػΡ
顭
ʱֽȻͬĻ໥ײһıը
ϯϣڽ̵ʥȫעش߶ʥ
һ뷢԰׵ߣɵЦһʥ󣬼侫ͷŶѪܹģɣ
ڽ̴оԶԳʥ󣬿ν׹
ײֻһé®СҪʥٲȻǳ롣

ڽ̵ʥȻһǳҪףǼ̳˹а۵һַ򴫳С
Ȼ֮ǰаսУаϼ̳һַ֮ܵشʱԴ߶
ǣа۷̺İ壬ȴһ
׾ǲ߶ֻ֮Ҫһְ뵽Ѫ֮УͿѪһɳ죡
˵ʱʱ죬ͱѵĽʥ𣬲ϵѪ󣬳׵ķӿ£ƺҪ׸һû
Σ
ȣ
ֻһȣ׵ͺһǧɵѪ󣬺Ȼɿӿ۳һѪӣգ֮䣬ͻ۳һټġd֡
d֣̺һ˿һķ֮ȴɢһεѹȼյѪƺҲ˲õ˷ӳ֣ƾʥη񹥻ײҲ޷Ѫ֮еądַġ
һĻùϯϵһ˵ȣȫһһզпԼ۾
ǿ쿴ǹа۴ĹϷ׭Ȼһδ߶˴ӹам̳еķ֮
֮ǰаսۣķ֮شʱ޷ٴ߶ôڰϻǸ
ԣ岢ûд߶а۷ϸӦеĹϷ׭ûκεķӳֻ֣̺һ˵ġ⡯
ûĽ壬Ȼش޷߶Ȼá⡯ɱͺһشʧȥߣûҲƾѹˡ֮ǸΣ屾̺ġ⡯ȴǾ衣
ڸŵʿϵؽͷӶ

ʱѪϿնףرһһ˫֮ɱȻ



1481 ˷۱
䡭
׻䣬֮еądַģͺȻѡ
ͬʱӿȵѪҲһ˲Ȼը
̼䣬ֲ֮Ļس˷ϯƿռ̮飬Գײʥ֮ϣ
¡¡
ţĿһĻӡйڵ֮С
ýڽԳʥһ˲ķѣѪĳ֮£һ
벽ʥĶ񽫣ҲҺһصص˳ȥ
飡飡飡
У𶦻ӦѣΪĻƬǵصĻУֱӱճ˻ҽ
ʣµ𶦻񽫣ҲشҺ

ͻһĻ󣬺һڸŵʿȫĳȣ
ţ̫˼ˣȻ׾ٵسʥ󣡡
ΪһĵһˣʵԵ֮
ӣڽ˷۱
ڸŵʿȫҡͷԣһֻ𲮻ķ
ܡ
𲮻ڿǰһĻʱͫ׽ͷ乶䡣
Ȼ˵׵ľʵ𲮻Ѿһ׼Ŀ׵ս֮Ȼر׵ս۷ˡ
ˣ½һɬ
ۡһ𶦻񽫺Ȼͬһʱ䣬ڽ𲮻λʥĽڽ̳ϣſһѪɫ԰ֽ
ϣ
ϣ
ڽ̵ĵӣ׷ǰ꺮ů
ǧС֣ȻǺķĶ񽫸ˣ˳𲻹죡
û뵽ʥֵĶ񽫣ûס壬Ƕ˶Ѽˣ
һΣǶҪۣ䵽ɽˣ
ʧ˶񽫵ĳϣһӿЦ
뷢԰׵ĳϣȻٿصĶûбѣҲͬشٱʱϵıͬǳѿ
ޣһȺҷ
𲮻ʶһɨͽ̽һԭѾǳѿɫ
ŭ÷ǳĻáŽڽ̵ʥϡ
ȻˣеĻͨһûв
ͬʱϯһߣЦЦؿŴͷɥĽ𲮻һƣתͷľڵЦǷûУǽ𲮻λߣȻʥĸ֡
ûв´һνٻľ𶦻񽫣ǳʥĳ֣֮
Цζڽڽ̵ı֮ɫ½𲮻ûϵʥĳٻĶ񽫣Ȼǵûնɱ壬ش
һνڽ̿νɨأ𲮻ӲϾ𶦻ǳ֣֮Ҳ֮ˡ
ԣľڡŵĳϣȫˢˢתͷĿ۽ڽ𲮻λʥĳϡ
ͻıĿ⣬λڽ̵ĳϷǳܣָо·âڱձһط죬ڽڽ̵¸صĳϣ϶һʱȥ
ͬʱ޳ڲ
һۣÿһŷ·һףһʱоɣ˫ȷ
㣬Ȼʥ󡭡
Բܡ
ܵ׵ζĿ⣬һĭ׷Ī
֪գζҵףΪԩС
𻢣㻹ʲôƣóա
˫ֱأĿŸεѵĽ𻢣ٿؽ̤ӡΪһ⣬ԳŽɱȥ
Ҫ
񽫣һ֮
𻢷
𣬺𡭡
ʱҴ𶦻񽫣شӣͭǽһֵڽ𻢵ǰ
һɹ޵ѹϯ¡
Ǻǣ⼸𶦻񽫣ȻѱˣȻػ𻢣
Цһ͵һӣ˼ʮտɫɳ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʮտɫɳ𶦻񽫵ϣڵȻը
ʱ޳Ϊ֮һΣ˻·ʮȻը
ֲıըһһ񳱣ɴؾҲ
лɴػڴˣС綼ҪΪ֮
˻
ȫһƬȻ˽Ծ
ţʲôͨͶ֮䣬ձѣδҲֲ̫ˣ
Žϵܣʵ̫ˣ˿ǳ
ӣ𻢶Σˡ
ڸŵʿһȥ޳ڲ̳죬Ũأþö״
ÿһڵĵףһ



1482 
һ̣ϯϵÿһʿȫ񣬾ɢյս
Ȼûȶ޳ڲ˳ƽϢڽ̵λ뷢԰׵ĳϣ̿Ѫҡһ£̱ڵء
ϣ
ϣ
ڽ̵ˣ׷ǰ
ţ
ǽڽ̵ϣشҴĶ񽫣Ҳݻˣ
Ǵģһν岻սʤ˽𻢣ңش˽ڽ̵λʥ֣ǽ˹Ŀ࿴

һզп
һЩŵĴԭŽԮʱ˿̿ս֮Ľڽ̳һѪЩɡ
ʥĸ֣ȻԵ޹ʵؿѪ
δҲ̫Źˡ
ģʿȫλʥĳϣ𶦻񽫸ϵһ
ʱ֧׵ŴӶˡ
һЩֽ֧ڽֽ̣֧𻢵ŴһɣͷӶ
Ȼ𲮻ѰԮ׵飬ֽס𣬺ܿͽˡ
ҷϿҹǽҽڽ̵涼ˣ
𲮻ܻſ
Ϊ½æڽ̵ʥϣѸ뿪޳ĹϯǰŴˡ
ǺǣϷŸոտʼ
бһ۽𻢣аЦһ
ڽȫܵʱ̣Ϊ𻢵ʦȻȫ㵣ɥ
һ˵Ľ̲΢΢ǡ
쿴ס˽𻢣
Ȼϯϣ˴
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫˢˢؿ޳ķ
޳ıԵش˵Ľ𻢣ͺһˮ㣬ţȴԽԽ΢ԽԽ
ȥټĶ޳ڲ𶦻ȫʧ٣ʣѾ׵ɳ֮£ը顣
֧㻤ֵĽ𻢣ҲըðеĻ־Ӧ顣
顱һһŲ̤ڽ𻢵ϣ·ֱӽһعǸ̲飬۵ý𻢷һɱĺ
壬׻˵ʤΪΪܣѾսʤң͸ϽҵգҪĥң
𻢺۾Թضס
ɱ㣿
Цһҡҡͷ𻢣Ҳòһ󡣡һ٣׵΢΢һɾĻȣŽ𻢲һЦԴ컯ɾг֮Ҿһֱûн㵱ҵľ֡
һǽڽ̵ӣһǵӲҷ֣һıƵİܼȮ
Ҹеģ
˽һڡ
ϯϣŮһĭ꣬ɵü΢شλվҪϯȥ
ĭ꣬ҪȥĶ
ŮһŮæסĭ䡣
ĸʣսҲˣܿ𻢾ͽΪһʬҪҼ޸ڽ̣ҲŮ޸һʬգ
ĪҸ᣿ΪһƷ
ĭҧ
һ΢΢̾һĭĭ꣬ΪŮһǧӦ֪Ůһ峤֮λǴŮеģҿǷǳ̳Ůһ峤֮λ
ǣ㲻Ϊ֪ԡҪˣýڽôҿ׼ѣɣҪҪġ
ѭѭյȰ˵
ߣҲŲϡ峤֮λء
˭룬ĭ꾹һ壬Ϊ䵭ֻңعһӣ׷Ѱľ塣һ죬Ҫһ˫ޣҲԲǽֱСˡ
ĭ걻ǿӲקλϣһ˫Ŀתضף۲תְֺޡ
ĭ꣬㲻ǿŽ˰գбһĭ꣬ζ
ңŮһǧôῴһ֮˵ˣ֮ǰŽҵڳҺ޲⣬Ѫ
ĭһ
̾һĭԣȫû׵Ůȫ޲ߡ
޳ڲ׵Ľţ½𻢵߹ȫ֮һŲ˽𻢵Դ֮ϡ
𻢣ʶģ͸ϽҵͽѩĻҶʹܾΪʹǧֿ̣
ʡ
ǺǣҾ֪㲻ɱҡ
Цһһ޿ֵģҪѩôãҿԽǣһʱһ֮һս
ԣüͷһЩЦضŽ𻢣һЦ
һʱ䣿
Ϊһ֮󣬾ܹսʤˣ
ҡͷԣ¾ͽŴӽ𻢵Դϸ̧ûһڣߴٵ콫ѩҽ
һȣ̺ŽʨӺһ˿壬졣



1483 ʻ
ѪɫںѪ̺ľѪ֮󣬽һķӳ֣ڣѧطʨӺ𡱡
ʨӺ𣬿ڵط
ΪѪɫͨһԣҲ˳µصõһ˿У˽ʨӺһ˿塣
һȣ죬ϯϵʿȫ˹ȥ
ţʲôͽѩı𻢸ץʣ
ΪʤǲֶΣȻĵֶΣΪ˲ݣ
ǺǣҵǾʮν丸ӣڽ̵Ľ𲮻͸ҵǧŵĴȻסΪڽ̵ӣȻҲʲô˾ӡ
֮ǰ𲮻ڿ˵͵Ѫˣڽ̵סп˵Ļġ
۷׷ס
ڽ̵һڸ߲㣬ʱɫ䣬ɫѿ
ˣ̴߶ɴ󣬽նɱ
𲮻һԥ֮˾ϡ
ʲô
Ҫնɱ𻢣½һֵؿ𲮻
Ϊ˱סڽ̵棬Ҳֻг²ˡң𻢸ûпսʤ壬ҪԲ֮ǰٶҽڽ̵ˡ
𲮻̾һ˵ӣ̱ϣһ˲˼ʮꡣ
ǡ
½ЩΪѣӺһת𲮻Ե𣬡֣˵Ҫ߶ɴɱ𻢣Ϊ𻢵ʦ𣬸ϽȰ˵Ȱ˵ա
ԣ΢΢һתͷϸһĨЦݣ֣署ǿʳҪʵ
ֻҪ㹻ʵ±˲㣿
˽𲮻һĵ񣬡ģڣվǽսܣҲһὫڽ̵״
ҡ졯Ȼѡ˸ڽ̣ɲ˵˵ô򵥡
ĳ
𲮻ԣüͷһšͷ
޳ڲɿ֮󣬽𻢼ѵϥһӻͳ˴Ѵѵ鵤ҩ̲һУʼ߶Ԫ޸ơ
ܿ죬𻢶ѵ߹ǣ˺ѵĽƤĤۿӵٶȣɿ޸
壬ҪѩҸ㡣
һӣһϢ٣ȫڵӱ˳صˤ˵֮ϣ˵һƵ졣
ͽ
ݲǰһѽ̱ڵϵ뻳У
תѾʮȥˣԭֻһƤѩѾһͦεֻ꣬ʱѩϢ٣ʱпɥ
ѩô
ĦѩĶͷһĹ֮ɫ
ʦˡѩѵ˫һף¶ѩ׵ݡ
ҡɱڽ̵ĵӣûСûи̫һˣ
˵ţѩϢɤͳ
׻æһӻͳһƿһȪС֮УͬʱתԪСشȪ֮мȡעѩ֮С
壬һҪҲûнѩץʲôʡҽ𻢹䣬Բĵ顣
ΪʲôѩҵУԭǳ򵥡
ѩʱҽڽ̵ĵӷ˳ͻնɱҽڽ̶ʮλӡɣҸˡ
ҪɱˣΪȥ˱ѩ޵ġ
ǣ˵Сӣ״ӣԣϣܹ׼ʱԼѩ
ģһһָ״̬նɱ֮һѩһ·ҲĿ
ɣͽԼϴѵøɸɾһ˾ӵɡ
˻
ȫΪ֮𾪡
˭ûϵ׵ͽѩڽ𻢵г䵱ʣһʱ䣬ڸŵʿ۷׷ס
һ࣬ǰѩ䵱ʣȻһ˾ӵɣŻ
ôαˣǽڽ̵ӣĽǸŵĴδµͯҪڸ࣬Ǹɱˣ
ܽ˵Ǽ٣սѾزҺǣΪλŷΪʤģѵ𻢻еûչֳ
ڸŵʿһ۷׷ס
ѩţǲең
ֻҪѩžͺãҲðǰԼûаһˣ
ǺǣǶ˵ĴѾڽ̵ĳˣƱؽų꣬ΪЦĶ󡣡
͡ľڡ׵һ˵ȣпο



1484 ϼ
ǽڽ̵ˣ
ŸŵĴһԽڽ̼ķ֮ܣΪڽ̵һ̡֮
޳ڲȪȫѩˡǧɿĵطһڵҩһתͷϯķʮε̧ۿȺĽ𲮻
ߣ㻹ңô֤ģ˵ζҪŽͷҡ񵹺ãȻŽȫ޻֮һɥȮһֱǽڽ̵ˣ
𲮻һӦ
ܣʧˣ
һɬǣǽڽ̵ӣһξսִڽ̵ķϣȴ󱯣һѰգ
ҽ𻢶췢ģҾԲֻ̰ǲԸýڽΪߣ
һ𻢹ڵأŽ𲮻ķصؿͷ
𲮻һ΢΢ƫͷȥڽ𻢵Ĺȫûһ˿һ֮⡣
𻢣ҽڽΪ㣬ѾĹˡǸ¶ǰѩΪʣʹ͸ڱѪʥִ߶񽫸㡣£㻹ܻʤ̫ʧˡ
˵ңվ·Ҳﲻ㣡
𲮻ҡͷؾʮּᶨ
Ϊڽ̵Ľ𲮻ܲö֮صǧŴ棬ְ𻢰գ
δҲ̫ˣһڡ
𻢶ʱҡ
ǸѪжͲҪ¹顭㻹˶ϰգ
𲮻΢΢̾Ϣ
ʲô
˶ϣһ⻰ȫëĵ׷

Я֮ûҲľô䡣߶ؼ飬նɱŽ壡

ţ
߶ɱУ
𲮻һɵ΢΢һ㶡
ڽŹϼ飬ֻнڽ̵ĺĸ߲֪
飬ǽ˼ݵ棬Ҳǽڽ̵ػֻӵнڱѪĽˣܹڽ̵Ĺϼ飬Ӧ
ڽ̵ļ飬ڽڽ֮УֻҪ𲮻Ը⣬ʱܹ߶
ҽڽ̵Ĺϼ飬ҽڽΪصһŵƣײʾˡ
Ϊ˰նɱŽ壬ҾȻҪڽѹ׵ĵƹڣ
𲮻һʱЩ
ý𲮻ƣڽ̵Ĺϼ鹫ڣԲǽ𲮻ҪһĻ
ʵϣκһоԶţԸĵϸѸ£һǳðյľٶ
ǡ
Ŀǰǲٻ𻢣½Ҫƾնɱףȫǳ롣
ʲô½ǰһ𲮻һԥģ׷ʡ
Ҵ߶ҽڽ̵Ĺϼ飬һ֮ЩԥҪҪӦ𲮻̾
Ȼ𲮻Ը⽫ϼĵϸڣǣ𲮻ͬԸ⵱ǧŴ棬ôŽڽ̵ĽһͿأɥ֮֡
ǸҪü
½˼ܣӺһת̾뵽һȫ֮ߣ֮ǰѾڱѪʹ͸˽𻢣ϼ֮䣬Ѿ˸Ӧ
ֻüһƬ𻢵ڣͿý𻢴ɱķˡ
˵һССŽˣһʥԲǽ𻢵Ķ֡
½ｨ
ùϼһƬ
𲮻½Ĵ뷨һ
ǽڽ̵ػֻڽڽʱ̣ŻػһѪ
񣬽𲮻ȻҪüһƬ𻢣
̫쿪ˡ
תһ룬𲮻־鲢ûʵʩĿԡ
Ȼں˽ڱѪʱڽ𻢵ѪƷʣĿռ䲢Ǻܴ󡣶ңֻһԪʥƷҲʮޡܹܵƬҲ̫࡭
ǼԸƬܹ֪Ťתս֣
𲮻̧˶üЦһģͣʱһ޾ŭӿͷ
ã𻢣ҴӦ㣬ٰһΣ
һ᳢ϵڽ̵ļ飬һЩƬںϣֻҪ˳ں˼ƬôնɱŽȻǲڻ¡
𲮻
䣬ڵصĽ𻢣ʱ˫Ź⣬˵ÿϲ
л
һζʹٶصؿͷʩʩȻվ
ϯϣ𲮻˫ڵĽڱѪտˮһȫŽڽ̵Ĺϼ顣



1485 ǰ
ʱһһţ޳ڲȻȫȫظѩβˣȪ֮аľԪϵӿѩ澭֮Уܿ죬һϢѩ𽥻ָ԰ֽɫ𽥱ú
ԶĵطأϥȫڵľҩȴʮӴˮϰ¡
ԸϼԸһƬںգҪȻĻҾֻŽСֵˣ
аš
˵ʵȻ𲮻ѾӦ˽𻢣Ҫϼ鹵ͨȫ𻢡
ǣܷɹһ
Ͼǽڽ̵峤𲮻ҲûȨ顭
飬ǽһػλʮֳȻԶǽ𲮻峤ܹġ
ϯϣڸŵʿһصȴţȺ˽
ݵսûùڵʵϣÿʿ֪Ǳǰ
ܿ죬յľսͽ״졣
ˣ
أϯϵĽ𲮻͵˫ҫ۹â
ˣ
̫ˣӣֻҪ˳ںϼƬ̿Ťתս֣նɱŽˣ
½뼸ڽ̵ĳϣɵһϲ

ͬһʱ䣬޳ĵ֮ϣԿŵһֻչɵڣ͵عâʢͻȻ˹һ
ͬʱһʯƾʿĵ
ড
ڳʿȫһһĿؿ޳ϵĹͼڡ
ţ
ϼƺҪˣ
һϲæվһʼȫ߶ڵĽڱѪ

һ̣ӹͼ֮УһƽɫĻ֣Щ֣̺ԣһһգ˽𻢵֮С
ʱ˵ƣ
ʲôͨȻһƴǣ
⶷޳ƺһǳǿĹϼ飬ѵǴ˵нڽ̵ؼ飿
ڽ̫޳ˣȻ߶˵еĹϼ𻢣һŽûһȡʤĿܣ
ڳһʿһ۷׷ס
λ֪
Χ𲮻ɤӣܹͻƣѽڱѪùϼඥҷǳο
ǣǽ˳ͻƣ˸߾磬Ҳʤ
ùϼսϾҽ𲮻ҪֶΣҪϼֻ߶ɴܹ̾ý֮أ
ûȽ𲮻أ糱ĳЦáͳ׽𲮻Ļûˡ
ʣڸŵĴѾ׿˽ڽ̵αĿǽ𲮻ɣ컨׹ӿҲ޼£û˻Žڽ̡
𲮻̫ˣȻϧ߶ϼԸ壡
УҪ̽ͣԣҲ̫۸ˣ
øҧȻҪ쭡
֣԰ꡣ
ʱһԵķ׳Ȱ裬ûжϴӦںһּƬ൱̳˴֮ҩҪԴΪ֤ý𲮻ֹɲ㡣
ϾΪѽ綨Ƿס
ģ۵Ѿֳһߵ̬ơҪǵĹͷҷ׿϶Ӳܡ
ʱƾŻĹҵһغܹܿҷ죬ʱ־ɳǣ𲮻ʦҲ١
΢΢˵ˣԽ𻢵ǣںһּƬҲδŽĶ֣ҪŽ屣ģ
ڽڽڽܵ裬Ǹŵĸ߲㣬һŽһسӡ
׳
ҧҧ޿κε¡
ȷĿǰͻǷףҪǿֹ𲮻Բѡò
⣬׻ûгܵ羲䡣
ڱԽ֮Ƿ֯ڽˣԺ顣
𡭡
Ļҵʱ̣޳ڲĽ𻢣طһȫ䣬ԡһɲʥƣϯ죬ѹ޳

˵ѩ⧲֮£ͻѹɫˢףЩֿѪʹȥ
ѩȽҵıβˣʦն½𻢵ͷ㱨ѩޣ
һӣֱӽѩ˱챦ڲԼ΢΢˫ǧɿͬһĽ𻢣ڵɱҲԶƣƻɽһϯ졣



1486 
û뵽ںƬ֮󣬻ǿ󣡡
սһЩʥδҵĶ֣ǣǷ֮Ϊڣ
𻢸ŻȻһµ壬˺죬ٿԶףͺǿһͷ׵ĸ֮жһ˿֮ɫ

һЩûܱ𻢸ںϵƬأԻڽ𻢵һɢ˵Ĺ
ǣѾ޷ٳܸƬˣЩƬʮֱ󣬿ɲ˷ѣ
һЦжʱһǳ뷨
ȣ
һָ̣һһενڱѪʹָڰеƬ֮ϡ
ণণণণ
ʱĿһĻ󣬶ʱӡ˵
ʮƬں˽ڱѪ֮̾ͻûΣѪǣգ֮䣬ͱһֻмʮ׳Ľڡ
Щڣȫԡɱ죬ÿһֻڣӵʥĿֲս
ʮֻڣƾջûΣĿֲƣզп
⻹û꣬ʮֻڳεͬһʱ䣬𻢾ҧ⣬ӿ³һɺѪӣ˲ա
𣡺𣡺
໣
໣
գۼ䣬Ѫ֮Уðһͷͷ̬ȫԡѪޣǣ鱦꣬жϬţж۾ˡȥͷ̬ޣƾճս֮С
ÿһͷޣȫԡѪɱ졣
ͻһĻùϯϵʿȫĿ࣬Լ۾
ţôһת۾ͱˣƣǣԿʥ
µǣȻʮͷʥĽڣЩڣںƬûɵ񣬲С
ǿ쿴Ѫðޣƺǽ𻢻ս裬һ飡
ûпЩȫԡѪ飬Ӧöڼе֮꣬󣬻ûǿ飡
Щ飬Ȼ粻ߣֻа벽Ԫ磬˵飬ǰսʶǳֲ
ϯϵʿȫʧɫױ𻢵ľֶθˡ
УвٵʿΪװһѺ
˵ǿʥĽˣʮͷʥĽڣѾüͷޣһľˡ
ĭ꣬㿴ûУδƺпŤתŶ
ŮһŮЦһл
ߣû뵽𻢾Ȼõ˽ڱѪô˵пܻǽڽ̵һν
ĭһСϸֳһĨЦ⣬ǽڽ̵һνӰˣҲ䲻Ůһǧ𣡡
΢ҡĽڽѽȣһͻ֪ġ
𡭡
Ŵ˷޺˵ٶȻص˶޳ڲ
壬գ
ޣϣ
𻢺Ƶ壬һָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵļơһӣͷѪðޣͷҲƵس׷˶ȥ
һצŭХ죬ƺҪ׸һ˲ķѣ븹С
Ҫˡ
һɹɺ̩ɽѹĿֲƣѹײɵ΢΢˫ͺһ໡
һХ̺޾ɱһͽ˶޸ŵһ١
ǡǡ
ţĿ鷢ˡ
ȫԡű⣬˶ͦεΣһ˲͹ͣ׳˶˺üȥȫⱩ͹ǿŵļһǿҵӾ
ţŵһĻˡ
ֻһ׵Ƥ֮£ɿһööϽۣһת۵Ĺ׵ȫ£ͳױɢŰϽ۸ˡ
ˣ׵צ֮ϣצϥǣ֮ĹؽڴҲһĵ̣ɢѪɭĹâ
˵ʱʱ죬Ḷ́һʱ䣬ԭ״̬µףͱһͷޡ
𡭡
޷һŭХŷ˶ͷȥȫȻûһ˿һη壡
ȫը
̫˼ˣŽȻˣһͷޣ
ѵǽһĴţ
Ѱ״̬µףƾŽѪѾͬʿУǰéĴڣû뵽һȻܹ
ʣ޵Ž壬ٲȻѾΪһαûܹס
ϯϣڸŵʿȫɴһţۣþ״űΪ״̬µס
𺳵һĻĿãûʿġ



1487 ɱķư
޳УŶս˫սȻڳڵʱ׵
ɱ
״̬µףһ˫ɫͫУɢһĺľ⡣
ಣಣಣ
׽̤ӡӼ䣬ͳ׳˼ͷ֮С
ͣ
צһӣǰһͷ㹻׸ߵǣͰһԽѣһΪһѪʧ١
飡
šתһȣֱӽͷĽʨߵѣอ飡
䣡
Ԫ͵رһаɳİɫâƾմ֮
̼䣬ʮͷ޸룬һغ
˵ʱʱ죬սӿʼ״ɱķʱ䣬еޣѾʮͷ
Χ۵ʿûϵԭȫƵףȻһת۾ͻΪһɱķս񣬷¾԰ټƵޣͺǼꤵĶǣ͵Ȧʼ޼ɵ¾
顭
սĹУʱͷŶâӰӿף׾˿
ֻһٲ֣ףǺܿ죬Թ۵ʿһֵط֣޵Ĺ˳ȫϽ۵˵ȫ˲׵һë
սزѾǳˡ
ȻֻǵǹƥƾſƷʣԼŵĹѹסͷޡ
ϯϣеʿȫһǷƫʱ˿̣ȫ׵Ŀֲս۷ˡ
Žʵֲ̫ˣϽƷʼߣ൱һʥıףͷ޵Ĺƣ˺Ž壡
ţŽֱһͷβƾǣսʤʥĸˣ
ѹŽ֮ǰܹĦݿʥԭʵʵѰʥܹģ
ӣսֱøӾˡȻŽ⿳ɱ֮ǣĶ֣ʮͷʥĽڣԼʥĽ𻢣
ϯϣڸŵʿȫ˷ܶضŶ޳ڲս
Ľ壬ڱȵˡ
ǺǣֻɱھͽĻ
Цһһ£Яʮֻס
ণণণ
ʮͷڣÿһֻں˹ϼһöƬýڱѪʱͺһͷĽһЯһ۵Ŀֲѹס
ã
𻢴ʥĽˣ
ڼֻ֮շתŲתͷһЯʮͷɱڶʱһٵ
ȥ
״һӣһɳʮ
顭
ʱʮըֲ񳱣ҲƵ˼ͷޣ̼䣬ͽеһ򾡡
̳ϯ죬޳ڲһһƬ
ʥ𣡡
һ̣𻢱һϯʥֱӽ̳֮ɨһա
ȥ֪ʱ״̬µףѾױʮͷڸΧڽ𻢣ӣһӸµ̬
Ǻǣͼ˶ѹң
Ҹưգ
Цһ̤ӡƹһƾʧԭأʱһӰƾճ˵ǰ״̬µףڿն𣬳һͷڷػצƺҪڸ˺顣
ͣͣ
˭룬׵צոջнڣھһɣɿض˿
ţ
ڵľٶȣȻҲ٣
пһˣҪƣǲܵˡֻսپˡ
һ˿ԤС
Щڣÿһֻʥֶʹýʥһʥյ̾ҪյƤ䡣
׷ΪҲסʥա
⣬׵ٶҲռݷǳƣԣҪƾٶȣλսϵĶ֣ƣҲвͨ
µʱ׷ǵûܽһֻֻڸԼڵԪһա
ǼƬûɵĽڣѰʥ߻Ҫɲ

֮£һʱһħƽצ˳˫צ֮ϡ
ˡ
벽ħƽצһ֣ɢħа죬ΧĽڷ׷ʧŲǰ
˰벽ħƽצ׵ɱνٳ߸ͷһڣҲڼ֮ڽɱһ׾ͿսپᱻڵİΧȦУȺŹ
οԶŽڻ



1488 ɱ¾
ϯϣڸŵʿһͳ˰벽ħƽצΪ֮һ̾һзŹ⣬Ѳѡ
ǰħĽսħƽצʲôʱ˽У
˵Ž岻ֻԪˣоȻħƽצİ벽Ҫ֪龳֣ѵõһĽˣ
ħƽצŽĽսɱһɳ죬ЩʥĽڣҪΧ˽壬ǳѣ
壬һССĽ𽣶ķΪ˲ƴ֣ͳȪħƽצĵرš
һ۷׷ס
𲮻½ˣޱȡ
£ڽѾŬ𻢻ʤ׻ܹŤתս֣նɱ𻢣ô𲮻ң׾
ɱ
״̬µףڻħƽצ֮ٲȻһħҲƵس˽Ⱥ֮Уɱ¾
顭
ʱʮֻڣ״̬µףزɱ
һʱ䣬˻ټĶ޳ҡ
л󣬿¾ʼԴǶҪ
ɳ
צ֣
ն
󽣷
սǳң׼㾡ȫʮͷʥĽɱţϲǣ׵ķɱ֮£һͷͷʥĽڣɢΪĻ𻨣١
ǣҲ˲ƣȥ׵ȫµˣƤⷭתѪ⽹ɢһɹ˵ζ
ǿǱ̬һˣһת۾ָܹ
ֻεǣ׼ÿһҪͬʱϰٵƵΧǿҲסδȥ˵Ŀʹ
ˬ
ʹ죡
ڷɱսУЦϱ˷ܡƽϢõѪһηط
˵Դ컯ɾг֮󣬻ûܹ˺ɱ
Уȫĵسսеĸоǳƺȴзǳȫµϸ˷ܵ
Խɱ¾Խ˷ܣ
Խɱ¾ԽǼ
һ̣׾ͺһɱ¾ͷβѪħͷ
ϯϣڸŵʿȫ鲻Խסգһ۾
׵׵ɱ
ѾȫȾڳʿÿһˣƺ侳һɱ¾кɱ¾Цɱ¾Ѫɱ¾гɳ
˵ɱ¾ҲһĻʱ˿̵ףһңһ׷ɵͷ­кѪҺ鶯£˲֪УΪ֮Ϊ֮ܡ
һһ۲۵սţһѪ
ǲеĻ˵Ὣҵһ
ϧڣΨнնɱҲܹ
ϢսȦ֮⣬в֪ʱһϵ׷
飡
ٿأױͷ˶µĽڣײ˳ȥ˺ƶߵķһƮȻ塣
ȣ
״̬µףڵһʱסΣʶɢַ˶ĶʮͷڣѰſԶܵĿռ䣬ŽӦ֮ߡ
ಣ
ָһ˲䣬׾жϣһΣԳ෽һڷ˶ȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ԭվգ˲䱻һƬʥû
飡
һץ˺һͷڵͷ­һšһ߿˺һһͷڵצ
飡飡
ͬһʱ䣬׵ţܵһצӰĺңҧӲһ£ɫĵâ
ͣͣͣ
ʱͷ͵ϮɹĽڣֱӱͷ­˲ɢ𻨣һغ
ǹƥսʮͷڣҪԵսҪһһϾöࡣ
ܶʱ򣬶Ҫǻսƶָսƻ
ȻˣΪս˲Ϣ䣬û̫ʱжϾƣԾͨҲɲǼƶսƻ
ʱƾսľ飬ԼѪıս
ʱһʿսͳ׵˳
䡭
˳ʩչһ۷һնɱͷڣҴĽ͵ʮͷʱһϵ׽٣ƾ£ƫеף
ͻ͵Ϯ׵Ԥ֮У⧲֮£ֱӱõ˳ȥȫ
ˣ
͵ϮɹɵøƶЦ
ϯϣڸŵʿǵһһеǵؿס
ã𻢵ϵ׷˽壡
ϵ׷󣬿ɱѰԪ֣ͬѰ϶Ҳش
Ǳս𻢽ռϷ磬شĽ壬ʧȥĻᣡ
Ⱥҵš



1489 
񣬰ΪһѺʱ׻ףܿվ
ȥȫƤⷭתѪעϽۻ۶ɵıףҲϵ׽ٸ䣬ʮҡ
ţ
û뵽ôˣѾϢ٣ҵĶˣ
޳ڲ޿ֵسȥǸҫ̬ͺȦ
ڽ𻢵ΧʮͷȫԡĽڣ죬ɱڣ
Ǻǣ̶ֳȵϵ׽٣ҳԪٵ׽˵ֵһᡣ
ҡͷһЦĮضĽ𻢣ĳ׻˵ϲ㣬ʧȥ˼ˣȤ
ڣһ֮Ĳ࣬һɾ˶ϣ
һͺȣϵһԴڷɳһǹ
䡭
ıǹһ֣ɢһ糱ĺܣа콫ѹȵýϢһϣĵƽһҪͷݵ
⣡һȻǹˣǴ˵еĽȻǲƵģҲܹĴڣ
ҪǲұǹУ֮Σ
пһ
ԭشϽҲ䣬쳣˷ܣΪһɱ֮Լȫס

ȴý𻢴ʧɫ
ٶͳһŵƣ
ǹĴڣý𻢽Ųһ٣Ҳǰһ±ǹĿ꣬һģ
ͬʱϯϣڸŵʿȫզ̾׵Ĳƴָˡ
ǹýķŽֱһһ֣ħƽצǹıĽʺޣ
Ȼ˵Ž޷ǹչֳҲвһɱʥʿ
Ǻǣ˵ǹ˵Ϣ۶Էӵĺǣܹ׷ѰϢɱӣ޴
۷׷ףÿһʿȫᵽɤ۵λá
ʱ˿̣ÿһڶѾ֪һʱ̵ˡ
ʤɰܣڴһ٣
ȣ
˵ףڽǹٻ֮󣬸ûмˣǽеѪٻ˳
¡¡
ʱټһ޳УŰɫѪѪ죬ι
ǣǣ
񣬷űǹҷǵ죬ֲɱӱǹ֮
⣡
Ϊ֮һĵƽһǿҵΣУָоͺǱһ߸סˣ޴޴ӵľ֮С
УԲýһ
ұҪֹ
һһ£ڽʮͷȫԡѪĽڣʱҲƵس׵ķɱȥ
صĵڣʮͷԱҲ˳춨ʤֵһ
ণণণ
ʮͷȫԡĽڣʥʿһƣ׷ǳֲѹ
ǡ
ɱʮͷڣ׾һƣƺûнʮͷڸ
׹
֣
ͺһ׵ıУٶȷӳŰƴСӣһа۽յİ׹һڰٻı֣
䡭
ء
׹뱾ֵĳ֣˲ùԵףǿİ֣
ǰ׹Ǳ֣ǰ벽ķ
׵Ĵ߶£׹е飬뱾ڲ飬ȫƱŷɱڵػ׵ǰ
𡭡
һ̣׵ħƽצУǷɳһħŨħ׵߮һۣɢɭâضɱʮͷڡ

ͻһĻ󣬽ϯϵʿȫ𾪵ԸӣһĿضŶ޳еľ
ţŽֱͲˣħƽצǹ֮󣬾Ȼٻö벽ӣһУжٽķ
һ˵У֮Ľֲ嶼ҪĪڽǰýڽ̵ӣͺһǵҰ򣬸ֵһᡣ
Ǻǰ׹һսдʵа۽յıӣǰħıô䵽УҲ̫˼ˣ
ѹֽܹʥĦݿˣǽеЩ龳ĸֶȴˣ
ϯϣڸŵʿȫզп׵ǿһ



1490 Ѫ
ġǹ벽ħƽצ׹֡
ı飬նɱһʥʿ
ӵı֣Ҫսʤֱ֮ǳ룡
ǽں˹ϼƬӵıףҲȫǶ֣
һ㣬ٻı֮󣬾ѾڸŵĴ˹ʶ
ϯϣŮһĭ꣬һˮӣһ˼ضбĽ̰ſˮ
û뵽ڽ𽣶Ž壬Ȼ˵òƴ֣һ˶ռı֮£ΪڽӵĽ𻢣ֱһҰ򣬲ʮǧ
ĭӣ񼸺޷׵Ų
Ů˱ԶǰĽٵģһŮ˲ϣӵ˴ѵķ
һŮ˲ϣԼˣȨǮ
ʵˣǿ󱳾ֲƴֵˣֱÿһŮˡ
񣬾ڵĭ꣬鲻Խض࿴ۡ
С֣Ȼ֮Ľ
𲮻ɫѿľɥС
Ϊ˰սʤף𲮻ѾܹõһԴ˭룬еŬȻˮһա
֣нŤתս֣
½һڵϦʱĿ⿴
΢΢̣ģ۽սܷҶǽڽһسӵġ
½ﲻɵϢһϣض
ĻȻ״ҲΪ
ֻܾڽս֮þݣڽضʧ档
޳ڲѪ죬

ֱֳǹԡѪսзŹңƴ˵еĺࡣ
䡭
׵֮£׹ħƽצ뱾е飬ȫһ˲ͷųֲѹɿֲѹϯ죬һЩ龳ĸִ˵ѹȻҪǿʢ
ণণণণ
ڿֲѹ֮£ʮͷĽڣʱһȿֺس˷Ӵܶȥ
Ķ֮ǰ飬ͼͬھļƣ

һ
𻢼ÿҪ޳ˡ
ǺǣСӡƾҲƾһЩĵֶսʤŽ壬δҲ̫ˡŽ壬˼壬˻Ĺ֮ʱѵı壬ĴڣһֻıƵСֱһЦ
ٻĮضŶ־ȫ޵Ľ𻢣Цһ
İٻ룬ֻǱеһ飬֣Ǹ벽ķ
ԣ״߶֣ðٻսûΥĹ
ʵڴ֮ǰײûҪƾսʤ𻢣ڣԼѪɫûжá
һΪ׸ûн𻢸
Ҳ뾡ܵƾԼʵսʤ𻢣ýķڷǧŵĴ޻˵
ûϵ
𻢴ûд㹫ƽ׽о
ȻˣҲʥͣԴֱ֮ͽȻˡ
ҹ£
ǣڽǹһ£յѪƽӻ뺣һҲƵӿ˱ǹڲ̼䣬ͻûһɺѪļʸ
ѪһΣһɱͳ˽𻢣ý𻢸о׹̶ֺƱ˸ʩչ˶ȫ¶ˡ
ΨһأԿ࣬ͨͨš
ңҡ˫ϥǿûйڵء
¾͹£鷳
ػǰİٻ룬ͷбһ۽𻢣һһ𻢵˫ϥصعڵأƾأ
ϯϣȫһ
Ⱥе΢΢˫ޱ𾪵ضŰٻ룬ƬԺ󣬲ƽ³һû뵽컯ɾİٻ룬ȻûǽԼһ飡
ŵǣٻȻĸԸر׸ƣΪ׵ػ񣡡
һĭ
ٻĿֲ컯ɾȻһ
˵ǰٻһ飬ʵҲԲС
Ͼȫʢ״̬µİٻ룬ǵϳ̨ù²Ϊŵһѡֻϧٻ̫ߣԸκһ⵽ΧӴһ겻
ǿ쿴𻢹ڽǰҪˣ
Ѿ־ˣһʱ̣
һĶǵľ˽Ųѣȫʪ͸ˣ
ϯϣڸŵĴ׷վڴصȴС



1491 칦
޳УΪ̡֮
Х׺˿٣ֱֳǹƸ߸ϵ񣬼޶ˡ𻢡
𻢣ܹұǹ֮£Ҳˡ
ϣܹ䣬̹̹
΢΢̣ɿָ
С֣ҾǱҲԲŹ㣡ҪƤѪ⣬Ĺǡ
顭
˭룬ûȽһϯ˵꣬һ죬𻢵ȻըѪ׷ɣһѪꡣ
ţ
ô£üͷһо
Ҫ֪׵ĶѪδ𻢵ΪѾըķˣ
ӳƺҲǽ𻢿˶ϣ
΢΢תͷͶ˹ϯϵĽ𲮻
˻
ͬʱڸŵĴҲһ󾪲׷תͷɫŹֵؿ𲮻ķ
ͶĸĿ⣬𲮻ĵŭ죬ҧҧڲ鲻Ը³һ仰ҽһãսҲԲڵ
˵ţ΢΢˫һּΪԹŶ޳ڲףһ˶ɵĶߣ޲̽׸̻
ˣȻڽУʤѷ֣Щǰսʿ۸
ڽһǰʯͷԼĽţǶ˶Ѽˣ
ڽ̱ҪŽλû뵽ȴΪ˽ĵʯһƱؽΪ෹̸ʣ֪𲮻Ҫճ
Ǵģڽ˱޳ܣ˷۱
ڸŵʿƶЦĶڽڽ̵ı֮顣
ɹˣʦ˳ʤǹģ
һԾѹõƣһɨա
ʹ죬ʹ죡һһҪϯף𲮻
ľЦ
ͬСãѶӵһϲһ仰˵
֪˭ֲ֪˭ʻ꣬ټһ޳תۼһͷѤ̨
ڸŵĴ㵸Ϊ׵ʤе˷ܣ
ͬʱڽ̵һڸ߲㣬һɫ䵽˼㡣
Ž壬Ľ𽣶졭
ҽ𲮻ģ֮ǲܽ𽣶ΪƽأԶ޷Դõɣ
𲮻ҧŭ
ڽ𲮻Ե΢΢̾Ϣȴǿһı֮ɫƺ𻢵ʦ˵һֵñ˵顣
˵ҪǽڽһسӣһҪ˵
أ𲮻תͷض
ЦһͷӦ
𲮻
ʱϯϵͣըף쳹˶ϣڽѾ˳ʤŵĴȫۼ֤룬㲻ˣգ
𲮻һƫͷȥԸ࿴һۡ
û취һҫģ𲮻ľͺǱһʹ
Ȼʤѷ֣ô֮ǰĶԼҲʱˣ
ʹ˴֣Цܹһǧ裡
ৡ
ʱڸŵʿȫĿζؿ𲮻
һǧ衭
ɲһСĿǽڽĺ壬Ҳ˵óõóġ
㡭
𲮻Ϣһϣδӽ𻢺ıлָͱ͸ųծʱ̣¡
𻢵ľʼ֮ǰ𲮻;Ѿ˶ԼԼֻҪԽ⸶ծ񣬽𲮻ǴʣȻԸ⸶һǧ裬ȴԣΥ
ˣȥһǧ
𲮻Ŵ
½ﰦ̾޿κεȥ
͡סľڵһ˵ȣ𲮻Ա񣬲ɵЦĵ⡣
λ
ҽ𽣶׼ɽ֮ϯӢۺһͬףʤϣλܹ͹⣡
ͺǺһЦһתʿ˹֣
żȻѾһ
ܹۼ֤ʵǿν۸ܹǰ𽣶ȾƳ⣬Ҳǵң
һǴģԶ֧Ž壡
ʱǧŵĴ׷ֻһӦ֮
ýڽһڸ߲ԽܵǣԸμ칦ģֽ֧߰˰ٸŴ֮⣬ʿǽڽ̵֧ߣ񣬾Ȼ̾ͱѣת𽣶콻á
ý𲮻һ޲ýֽ֧𽣶ʿȫϾɱ



1492 ͷ
һ½ɫػص˶޳Էɵ˽𲮻ǰһһǬݸ˽𲮻
ǬУһǧ裡
òײŴģ
½ҧгݡ
𲮻ʶһɨ̽Ǭ֮УƬ̺󣬵˵ͷһףԽǬ͡
Щ裬͵ҽڽ̵ĺ񡣲Ҫ˶ãҽ𲮻ͻҪ
ҽڽ̣վͽ𽣶ʽս
ҵҪƣ𽣶Ƿҽڽ̸
𲮻ˣһſڣʽ𽣶ս
ţ
ǽ𽣶ս
ͽӹǬϸ̽еһǧ󣬲ֵúϲ£졣һ̣𲮻Ļ󣬾΢΢һ

ͬʱڸŵĴȫһȻ۷׷ס
ڽ̾Ȼʽ𽣶սˣ˫ìҪˣ˫֮ɱ֮Ļ𲢣
𽣶򲻹ֻܹǶڽ̸񣬴оԶνһֻ̤˻Ĺҵĺ壬ȻһԼСսͽЦ
Ǻǣ𲮻Ϊ𽣶ӣҲ۽𽣶ΣŽĿɽͲѰʿǵĶڽܹĹźôŽ˴ֻĹźңŪûĹźҼȮꪶҪãڽ̾Ͳ±壿
ǵһǰΪõ˲ţڽʽ𽣶սôһǰ϶Ӳܣʱ򣬽ڽ̵Ĵ൱鷳ˣ
ڸŵʿףȫý𲮻Ǳŭͷ
Ȼڽ̱𽣶ҪռžԵơ
ǽ𽣶챳ɽ࣬ǲ𾳽ĵһܣѾΪ龺ͽĽȡ
ʱ򣬽ڽ̾ȻҲ۵ֱǻˡ
𲮻ҽ𽣶첻ηκսڽҪҽ𽣶ȫ濪սҽ𽣶һ㵽ף
ʱǽڽʩչʲôıƣǽһǽ𽣶콫Ц󣡡
һһЦһ޿ֵı顣
סľڵˣһЦý𲮻Ļǵûãҵˡ
㡭
𲮻Ϣһϣߺ޵ؿҪҧ
ýڽ̵һ֮ȻֲԼλԼ𲮻ܹܵˣ
ͣҪһս
ڣǾͽ뻯ɴһݵľս
𲮻ɱ״ض͡
ȫĽ𲮻һƵᣬЦеǸѾӦ˸λѣҪϻɽϯٰһҹϸ칦硣ҪȫԸһλӡ
һζбһ۽𲮻кһʿ׼뿪
Ϊڽ̵أ߾ߵĵط
𲮻һ͵׼ϯʱЦ
ţ
𲮻ʲô˼
͡ľڡ׵ˣȻתĿɭضŽ𲮻
ûʲô˼ֻҸ˸ˡ
ҹΪڽ̵һ֮ǲڽһسӣηڣκµӣ
𲮻ĿâضͣҪһսһų򣬾ͲҪƴǣ
ɫ

ʱݲǰЦһŽ𲮻𲮻Ѿ龳磬ֻʥ磬֮һ󾳽磬ıԣѵʧ𣿡
ŶˡֱСˣ̸ʲôƽҲ̸ʲô
ЦһҡͷԣȻ˸ᣬһսˡһ龳磬Ҳпͷ

ȫΪ֮Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶһҵĽ𲮻
ûϵĹŷҵļףΪͳͷӦս𲮻
ûĹŷҵһ֮׵ʵνĿã龳УѷֵĴڡԶԶǽ𲮻ֳ龳ĳܹġ
οĹŷҴоԶŴ˵еĵͨؼԴȣ𲮻ǶϷףֱѰ·
ףܵδҲ̫ˣ
𲮻ɫ
ٷϻһų򣬾Ҿһս׽𲮻Ļԭⲻͻ˽𲮻
𲮻ƿԣһʱ侹ǲ֪νӻ
ʱһϷŰɤƾ𣬡ǺǣŻĹŷҵļףžͨʵǷǳҪһ



1493 
̼䣬ڳʿĿ⣬ȫѭȥ˽𲮻һλտɫۣͦεϡ
꣬Ȳüһı־Ͷ䣬̺һɼΪǿţʱ˿̣ŻĹŷҵļףȻҪԼս
һ﾿ʲôȻҪԼսֱ̫˼ˡ
ݹ飬ܹԵһǳưһľ뢣һȴǷǳϢжϣƺһ֪ʲô
Сǲ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻƷףǻòͷˣ
֣ȫû˵Īĸ֣
ڸŵʿȫɫŹֵؿ
Ⱥ֮УŮһĭ꣬Դӿ𻢲Һ֮ͷǳõ䡣
Ȼ˵ĭʼգûгϹԼǽ𻢵δޡǣ𻢱Ͼ⣬άףȴһĭɨأ񿴵׵Уĭʮֲޡ
ǣһ˿˿ϲãƺܹ״Ϊο
ָӶìܵ㺣һĭһʱЩ㱡
ֱŮһŮͱͱ֣ķʾһۣĭִ֮꣬Ҫڽԭǳ򵥣Ϊǰꡣ
ţ
ĭ΢΢һ̧ͷһŹֵؿ
һ﾿ʲôȻ˵ŮһĸԸڽĭ׷ɣϵشݡ
Ⱥ룬ٲȻûϵȻӦսʱĿһΪˬؿķ
ԭΪһ֪ߵغëͷСӣڷ׿ĵһʱ䣬׵ɫͱüء
Ϊ־ط֣ԼȻȫ͸ĵϸ
ܹڷǰΪԲ򵥡
ҷײɱС䣬Ǻηʥ
ײ̲ʵ
ڳҲһؿ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽Լϣ΢΢һЦĳţλһ˵컯ɾ¾컯ɾһָ졯ĺĳϣҲǾӥĶӣ
ȫһƬȻÿһʿȫʧԼĶ䡣
ţûգһȻ컯ɾĸ֣ңǡ졯ӣ
ѹִĿˣ׶սԭ컯ɾĸ֣
ɶ컯ɾеƺʼצˡǲɽĿɽ˵컯ɾеľŹŵɽΪŹŵϽӶԴƽɱʥӣνʮ⣡
Ϊ˴ŹŵһǰѾǰɽҪӣ˳ΪȥʥҪһ˵û뵽ôðһ죡
˵Уİħ壬ܹ֮ϣ壬ΪŹŵĸ֣лϣħġ˵컯ɾʿ밵ħһĻߣ干ͬĵˣ
ڳÿһʿȫĿ࣬ȫݸŴˡţһŭӿͷ񣬱ʮֵжԡ
ԭ컯ɾߣ
Ū֮÷ϻһֱӽٻ˳ԭ絭ɫҲ𽥱Ͼһɱڰ
䡭
һ֣޾ĵϯɫ΢䣬ϢҲЩҡ
ڸŵĴҲ׷׼һض
𲮻ûϵǽڽ̾Ȼй죬ͽ
ѹ㷢𽣶սԭǵõ˾ĸ޿ˣ
ͳݺݵضŽ𲮻
ԣ𲮻ɵЦһЦ˭˵ǽڽ̹죬ͽˣ
ŹŵɲһŹŵǴͨϣħסƿɱŵʥӣȻУ
ǣȴһţ컯ɾеݴӪ
ҽһ壬ͬݣ죬ʲôԣ
𲮻侲ط༥ڳʿУ˭ܹٳһ֤Źŵһ飿
ǿԣҽ𲮻ߵǸ
أڳһʿȫƿԣԶԡ
ȷ
Ȼ˵컯ɾеľ죬ǣƾų۶ϣΪǻ˵ö֮ȻظЦġ
Ͼ컯ɾųСɽ磬Աǧÿһţÿһʿвͬ



1494 ¶â
ڳʿƺңھ첻̫ذ
ٿһǵ˷ףھ׽һĵطվһЦףΪĹŷҵһ֮ľЧһͼӰ
ƾ㣿
Цһյ壬ȫ³һɰԾصĿֲƣ
ǳֿȭײûоԵİսʤɲ
ǣ׵УӵŵͽȻͬˡ
˵֣Է׵ľΪ龳ʿУûʲô֡
ǣУҲӵŴ˵еĵ
ɱţ
ŷһЦſڽһ˷׵ϣͬʱӰƾճ˵֮С
ಣಣ
ӰǴıϯݣɽͶ䣬̺һ˿ֲܣλȲߡ
λߣǵĺĳϡ
һۣԪǵ۳ϡ
һ뿪£ǵִϡ
Ԫ뿪£龳۷徳Ĵڣ
龳۷徳ĸͬʱ֣ѹڳʿȫҽѡ
һʱ䣬˷׷ɢһɫ֣Ҵ
ĸʣԭ֮ҪڽҪʸ컯ɾеľ죡
Ⱥ֮Уĭսսһ
ߴˮʹ컯ɾųСɾŨĵرŮһܹɹһߣպĻԵˣٻ󣬽֮
Цһ뿪¡Ԫķ˾죬ư𣬲ֻǾһĳϣӵ׽аʵһ֮䣬龳۷弶ĸս뿴Ǿĵжôÿֲ
ԣĭƶǶص˵ͷ
ȺУ뿪Ԫһ࣬Ŀˢˢرеĵסˡ
ǺǣôãҪȡһˣϧһֱûʲôᣬû뵽ȴˡ
뿪ԪһЦЦſף񣬾ͺǶǶŷĸ
ţĵҲ̫˰գȻһ龳۷徳ĸ֣
龳ĸ֣Ժɨˡڽ̵õ˾ĸδһƬ
ױΪͳͷģû뵽ȴӲͷӣ½ѱˣ
ڳһʿһΪ׸еǡ
ҪԶôǺǣһѣڽ̶һУǱ޳֮ͽ
׵ǹƥȻе֣ͬʱ뿪¡Ԫ𡢽𲮻Ĵ龳֣ҲЩз顣
ΪûĹŷҵһ֮ȫȻ壬ҧ⣬ſǻеѪζڵѪԶʱ׼
ˡ
һȣеĵ΢΢һѾЩȲҪ˶ˡ
ţ
Ϊ˵еĵȻͬ죬ҪСĽǡ
ŵĿֲƣ΢΢šüС뿪Ԫһ䡣
뿪ԪΪ龳۷徳ĴڣþɳսȻΪУʹ
ʱһһң߶Ԫͨؼ׼ɱһ
սһһžսۣ졣
ʱ𲮻ݲǰס֣
Ԫ뿪¶һ٣תͷһͷؿŽ𲮻
Ҳüͷ΢Թۡ
֣ˣ
֣Ϊҽ𽣶ͷȻʵǳҲԲͷڹ꣡
ҳϣҲҪȭ
ʱ͡ľڣԼڳڸŵʥ֣׷ݲǰ
ǰһвЩж
λҽڽأݲúҪҪɱȽ뻯ɴ˵
𲮻ͷ৶䣬ɲ뿴ڽ龳ֵĽսУ׻ΪһƬ档
סľڵЦһһЦ
ʱˣ˭ںǷ𻵽ڽأ
˵ˣɴΪֲ˭Ͷ뻯ɴԴУ
ףȰʶ㣬Ͻ׳աĻվļգ
𲮻в
롣ȫΪ
𲮻ҧҧָŻɴеףζһЦף㲻ϲӻ𽣶죬ԸΪŽͷ𣿡
ãھ͸һᡣ
𲮻ֻҪ㽫׳ҾͽŽӻɴзųĻһͿɴһٽŽɱ
ҪôѡԼŰ죡
𲮻һЦ



1495 
ڳһ˵ȣȫһһֹŹֵ𲮻
𲮻Ϊýڽ̵һ֮ȻΪһ
δҲ̫ʧ֣̫ˡ
𲮻ֱ̫޳ˣΪһ֮ö֮ΪһͲЦ
ǧŵĴڳͼɴɱŽ壬ֱоƱؽڿഫ˾֪ʱ򣬲𲮻ڽ̶ΪЦų꣬
ŽǵһǰǰĺˣǸŽһëһǰԲŹǽڽ̣ʱһɱڽ̣׷Īϣ㲻Ҫ󣡡
ľڡ͵ˣһƿڴͷ৶䡣
ûϵ𲮻޳̶ܳȣԶԶ˵Ԥڡȫһɵһ֮һսթֶεħˡ
˵áģЦһȫûзϣҽڽѾȣȫںǷУҪηηβǾͱ׷ѿˣ
ʲôʵʵǺ޹˼ɵظԼɵ飬ؿǺ
𲮻һ޿ֵģֱڳһ˵ȡ
оڱǴ˵еĵһܣ𲮻Ҳη壡
𲮻Ȼ˱޳ܵ飡׻˵õʧǽڽȻӵһǿĿɽһʧȥģΪĵˣͬ³ң
ɫˢףʱ˿
ãȡ׻
Բܡ
Ҫ֪ǳ󣬶ڻĹ˵ǿģݵʵ
Ƿ׽ãڻĹŷҵĴģ
˵ǷսҲԲὫеĵã
ʵϣΪĹŷҵμҲûȨáĹŷҵϹŶʯҲȻ׼ʷô
ǡ
÷׾ܾףؿױɴɱײĻΡ
Ͼһʳڣػµ֮ӣһ䣬嶼һǳʧ
˵ˣ׶ڻĹŷжĹŷҵʥӷֽ컯ɾһ·ӻͺʬҰˡ
Ϊѵֵܣζ޷ؿɥ
ңһη֮Իֳ׹ʿһΪ£ףױõĹϵ
Ҳϣܹնɱ֮󣬰ĹŷңǰصĿռѷѰұء

ɫصǰһףͷ촽˵һ仰
ȻǾԲԸ⿴ɥģǣȰ˵׹ԹԽҲûȨ
Ͼʲôλã˵ʲôĻȻǻĹŷҵӣغش󣬷΢ᣬûʸָֻš
׼Ĭüͷšи
ףϽϰգҵԿɲá𲮻һζضŷס
һͷ৶䡣
֣ǽ𽣶Ķ飬ˡգʲôϣǶܹܣ
Ͱ̾һһֿؿס
룬׾ٿŽ壬ҲὫõġϾڻĹŷҵ壬ش󣡡
ûȻյҪԣҪ˵ǻȡ׵ˣǻĹŷҵӡ֮֡ݣ׶Ҳõȡֵ
𲮻Ǹһ֣湻޳ܵģ
ڸŵĴȫ׷ɣڽ𲮻Ϊ
ͬʱ޳ڲ
Դ˳þʤ֮󣬾һֱֽ𲮻⽫Լڻɴеʱ׾ڵһʱѰ֮ߡ
ڽأʮֹ죬䣬Ҹ޷컯ɾ޷һ֮䣬컯ɾӶ컯
׽˫ŸӦ컯ɾϧʼûлӦ
ǰнƣתͷԵİٻ롣
ٻɢʶϸز̽һɴҡҡͷ⻯ɴȻоԶѾһЩɶҲԲܹƵģʵϣ۷״̬ʱڵңҲΪ
ԣһһɲԤ
ϯϣѹֵ˴ֳš
ףһֱĬ
ףѾˣȻˣҾֻܴ߶ɴնɱˣ𲮻ЦЦĳ
䣬ȫһƬ𾪡
ľڡ͡һ˵ȣȫңӿ־֮ɫ
ʱ
޳ڲһ챬ȣ𲮻ΪһССĻɴ󣬾ܹ𣿡
δҲ̫ˣ
Ȼ׵



1496 ֮
ʱʿȫ΢΢һһؿ޳ķ
˿ףұڻɴٲȻѾһֻޣȫƿڽ𲮻Уǧǧ磬ûܹԮ
ϾɴǴ˵еĻɸõģ龳ĸֲ׹У֮ݡ
Ȼ˵ɴѾʧޣЩ𣬵ȫ߶ɱһʥ׾ٵġ
˭롭
ѾΪףȻһ޿ֵģڳԣƺȫûнɴ
еʿȫɣһĿ⸴ӵؿס
Ǻǣͷ˻Ӳ
𲮻ЦһҪ߶ɴһٽ׽ɱĿһĻͶȻӡ˵֮С

ľżһӣһֻƴСľżʹ׵֮ϯţ˾㵵ĿУľżûΣ޾Դľżڲ䣬ţһͦν˶Ӱƾճ˵ǰ
𲮻ôĵӣȻйܣŽ¶֣
һȣƽըף̺޾ܣ͵ع˵ĶС
ţ
ţȻǵһǰ
ʲôһǰɱ˲ɽΪλҲ̫ˡ
ڳһ˵ȣȫԼ۾
˭ûϵһǰȻƾճ׵ԡ
Ҫ֪һܿò𾳽ĸ֣ӵеֶô˵еĲ飬ܹһһϸµҲ޼
ԲܡһΪλ
𲮻һһܣʱŵɤ£վվˡ
Ȼ˵Ľڽ̣ҵһǿĿɽ족޾κһҲÿһܵɫ¡
ǣһĳڽ𲮻ǰʱ򣬽𲮻ǲη壬ˡ
û취һܿǲ𾳽ĸ֣龳ʿǰҲȫֵһᡣ
۾Ϊ𲮻龳磬龳Ϊ֣Ҳ̫һа塣
ʲôⲻֻһ߷ľżˡ
һ
ԣ𲮻ڵĽڽˣʱΪ֮һţصһ
ԭֻһ߷ľżҰװ׽ˡ
𲮻һٿһܵӰɵЦһޱȵһܣ˵ֻһľżˣ׹˻ɴУҲǾһľء
գ·ҲŽ塣
𲮻
Ǻǣֻһɴ󣬱ɷͨػ󣬼ֱʮǧ
˭룬ɴеĵһܣȫûнɴʼ߶
򣡡
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲䣬һεı֣ƾսһܵķС
ţһܿĬдʣƷɣһɹεֱ
֪֮ͽ
ȥ
𲮻ȫ߶ɴ
䣬䡭
ʱڽ𲮻Ĵ߶֮£ɴڲĿռ䣬ŤըѡһıըĿһĻˡ֮еһܵķȻ
쿴ӦþǴ˵еĲˣ̫ˣȻԵɴķŰ
һǰķӦʩչ˲ɴڲһֿռӡˣԣǽ𲮻תɴͼɱ壬Ҳ޼£
˵еɷͨǹаʩչӡģྪ޵Դͨɷͨɴ˿ɼⲹжôĿֲ
̫ˣһŽоˡҲ֮ݡȵһǰɱڽ̾鷳ˡ
۷׷ףȫĲˣʿڿ𲮻߶ɴʹɱֵʱ򣬶鲻Խһס˺
˳İ
ⲻܡ
ûɴ󣬾ȻּĻֶԴݻ٣
𲮻ɴһţۡ
뿪¡ԪˣҲɫء
̫̫ˣʦоˣ
Ǽ࣬ôԵ޹ɥģ
͡ľڡ׵ˣȫг죬³һ
֮ţ
ɴڲ˳һֹƵĵһܷܿͺһƣ䡭ֻһĺķۻû۳һ֮š



1497 ֮
֮ŸһΣ𲮻ͲɵпһʧţȻܹ͸ɴȡϵ⡭⾿ô£
ߣ
ûȽ𲮻ӦһܵķЯף֮ƷһƮƮ˽𲮻ǰ
ܹں֮䣬Ӷǧǧ־ܹ֮ģ
һܵķĮվڽ𲮻ǰһƺͻһý𲮻󳷼ſվӡ
һƣףȻ𲮻Ϊ龳֣һʱ֮ҲԵֵ
ĸǣһȻףȴϡƽ𲮻ĽǶûˡ
ţ
ǺǣľżеǰֲһƣҵƤëδˡ
𲮻վӺ󣬷ǵûа㾪壬пϲЦ
˵Դӵһܵķһ֣𲮻һֱŵġֱһܵķ֮󣬽𲮻ŵ࣬ء
Ȼһܵϡƽɴ֤һܵķΪ塣
ಣಣಣ
ʱ뿪¡Ԫ龳֣ݲǰһֱֳɱڵһףɫơ
¾쳤ϡ𡯡
һ֣ܵжţվ̸ˡ
ŵһܹ˹֣׼֡
뿪¡Ԫңɱ䡣
Ȼ˵һܵò𾳽ĸ֣ȻܹĴڡ
ǣԵģֻǵһܵһ߷ϢжϣԼĪ龳ҡ
̶ֳȵķǫ́Ͽɵ龳֣Ȼ
Ҫսٵҷס
ǲҪȡеĵôڣҾҪΪҵĵ꣡
ѪҺڣһĨЦǡ
ǣ
УÿһɵӵΣ
Ǹֽ˷ˣ
̼䣬߰˰ٸŵĴ׷ݲǰһֳŸԵıŻ
ЩŴǸŵĺĳϣʵǷ߰˰ˣƺƴ󣬵ƣռϷ硣
һбһ𣬱һĮСӣҲ֪ǺηʥΪҪ棬Ū弦Ȯ
ֻ㣬Բӡ¹컯ɾߣ鶼յȫգǸϾɱϢ
һϣ
ϾɱϢ
ϾɱϢ
ڸŵĴһеķ졣
ԴһΧ˳֮󣬵һѾΪʵϵˡ
Ȼ˵ǰģֻǵһܵһ߷ۺǱȷ׵ıҪһ
ôƾЩҷ
ʶһɨҡͷһЦǲ֪ߵغҰȫ컯ɾľ޴࣡
컯ɾŨĵرνķˮأ컯ɾһգֵһ£ֲ࣬ǵ蹵Զ޷Խ
϶ԣ컯ɾе飬ǹ壬飬Ұ򣡡
һһȵļơ
ܣһҵ𡣡
Ŀâŭ죬޲̻̽
ǾԲ֣ܶ뾡뿪˵ز֮ߡ⼸һʵСǽڽ̵أǹѲڣһʱ嶯óȻս롣
˭룬һܵķ˷׵顣
лѹŭķף׼ɱ䣬ɵɫһĬĬܣӵв֣еˣξЩС󣿡
һοЦҵľż̺ľѪ࣬ǶԸһ龳֣´࣬Ƕϵ龳֣пܺľԪױ飡
ң컯ɾһ龳еٮٮߡ
һܳ侲
ǡ
һ⻰жʱֱģѾҪͣѾǲ̫ˡοǾҪ뿪ҲҲȥ·
һ΢΢һЦڣҲȥ·ô
΢΢һţéٿ
ȷ
һܶò֮ǰû֮ţװ˻ɴֻҪһܹʼʩӦҲԴڽ̵ش뿪
ϣ
գ
𲮻ɱڣһӣ޳ڲĹϯϣƾճǧˣȫװֳ



1498 ӡ
ɱ
ǧˣɱ죬ͽһɱǰ
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣһܵķͻȻһȣƽһըף𵴣˵ĶȫΪ֮һ١
𲮻ѾҵķӡΣڵϦͲһ֮䣬ڵķӡһغ
һܵķζ
䣬ȫһȻʿĿ⣬ȫͶ˽𲮻
ʲôķӡ
һ֮䣬ͿԽأ
𲮻ЩɶͷԣɵЦƺһЦ
Ž𲮻޿ֵģһܵķһЦζЦѵΪ֮ǰһһƣֻϡƽһιô
𲮻ɫʱΪ֮һ
£ʶ̽ڣŵز̽ڵ״
һŴ˵еĲղŵһƣ϶ͬѰ
һǺҲôԵ޹ʵػһأ𲮻ôҲûϵôһ졣
̫ˣܹ𲮻أôڽ̽ȺףҪ˶ãͻֱ
ڸŵĴһĿ˸˸ؿ𲮻
𲮻Σɫصؿ𲮻
𲮻ĺһ£ͷ䣬ãżѵ̧ͷɬҵĵռУѾһֹϵķĸӡˣҡڣȻ޷߶ڵԪռ䶼ˣ

䣬ڽ̵һڸ߲㣬ɵɫ䣬һңӵڽ𲮻ԡ

˵ʶһɨ̽𲮻ڣ𲮻Ҳʶ޼ɵڲ̽
Ƭ̺³һһ𲮻ţ̶ֳȵķӡܹءǵһӡҲ͵ɥʧһЩԪˡ
Ͻٻڽ̵ػ飬ɱпܡս֮λϻβˣʮأָܹȬ
Ȼϣ𲮻ʹͣս赭дһϯͽ𲮻ڵķӡһŽ𲮻ٻϼնɱڳˡ
𲮻Ҫˣһڵķӡ㼫пܻ龳磬ңܴش֮Ƿл龳磬һδ֪
һЦһÿһ仰׶̣ʹ𲮻ࡣ
һ磬δܹٶ̤龳磿𲮻һʱ亹ֱһ˿̿ӿͷ
κһʿ˵;磬ֹ֮;һΪֲ顣


½ڽ̵ˣȫŵؿ𲮻
ռ䣬һʿԣҪһ𣬻ָǷǳѵġ
ңҡ
𲮻ҧгݣһŭؿһܣŬɤһܣ㾿ô
Ǻǣô
һһЦżɽڽ̫ҪΪһڶô򵥡
˵䣬һƷ׷ɣܿǰûһ֮š
ֻҪ̤֮ţ̾ͿԴڽء
Ϊһڶ
𲮻һһ˿Ԥӿͷŵ̬񣬡ǰֻҪ㲻ڵķӡôУ㲻ҪôãֻҪһ仰Ϥ㡣
ҵȵľ仰
һܷشЦתͷԵĽʹһɫ壬Ļˡȥݺݵس𲮻⣬ҪƤžž졣
˻
䣬ȫһڳһʿȫùŹֵһܵķ
׳𲮻⣿
ңҪƤžž죿
Ҫ֪𲮻ýڽ̵һ֮⣬ͷȴҪ׵ý𲮻Ķ飿
ΪһܣȻļƲ𲮻ǰǺлˡ
𲮻飬ôһǰ϶ԥ𲮻ڵķӡʱ򣬽𲮻ĵռ佫شΪҲһǧɣ˵һĴǣ𲮻飬Ȼס˾Ϊǣڽ̵ϣӣΪһ繷ʺ
ǿ𲮻ĶڵѪǴİ
ڳĸŵĴɵ۷׷ףЦеضŽ𲮻
ңҡ𲮻촽£ɫһƬ
ûϵһܻһ
ҽڽʿɱ裡
ǸƴˣֻҪ߶ϼ飬һܹһ򾡡
½һڸ߲㣬ԼĹ۵㡣
ȻΪһ壬ڽ̵ˣϣһ֮衣
뿪¡ԪˣɫأŽ𲮻ľϡ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬𲮻඼ֻۣڿҧอ
ڵһܲͷشߴ£𲮻ͨһڵأйƤһҡҴӦ㣬ֻǡֻֻܲһ⣿



1499 ִ
ֻܲһ⣿
𲮻Ļ䣬ڳʿȫɫһĿؿ𲮻ԼĶ䡣
ţţ𲮻ȻӦýˣ
һţ𲮻δҲ̫ûйˣΪһ֮Ŀŵҫ񣬾Ȼŵ̬ĸԸ˦⣬ǽڽ̵϶ˡ
Ҳûʲôֵġ𲮻ܹ龳磬ķĿޣеǳܹģ񣬲ֻ˳飬һ̾͹ȥˣĿޣֵһᡣ
𲮻ô˵ú㣬踺أշ˵㣬ûƤûȫް˵Ĺϡ
ڸŵĴ֮ȫĵáÿһʿϣȫд˱
Ȼ𲮻ЭøŵĴȫĵƲ
һˣʲôλãӵжٲƸȨƣΪĹûˣͻ˱ġ
ͬʱڽ̵ǧˣ𲮻ӦҪ׳֮ȫɫѿεصͷĬ
ΪʲôҪӦ˵ڴǽǽڽ̵ˡ
ߣԸսҲԸΪЦ߳ȥƲ𡣡
ȻϣЭϸһƺ֮ϾǽĵشΪһǧɣôӽѵΡĳϣ϶ƻıȨλڲţҲȻ޴档ʱ򣬲粻ݵλԱȫ
ô˵ǽڽ̵һ֮˵ģЩڽ̵ĵӸе߳ܡ
ڽ̵ǧˣжΪޣȴָŭԡ
Ԫ뿪ˣԣҡҡͷûж˵ʲôֻ̾Ϣ
ȻǽڽĿɽûеȨĳ̶ȣ޷Խ𲮻һָֻ֮š
ɲֻһ⣿
𲮻㻹һ֮ĪΪ֮еĲг裬Ըּۻ𣿡
һһ𲮻ЭˣʱһЦ˵˳⣬һ٣ңÿһ⣬ҪƤžž졣Ļ͵
һᶨ˿ûЭ˼
𲮻ɫһһ٣ӲͷƤ˵ͷ
Ͼһ⣬ɨأȫޣû̫
¶˾ģ𲮻ԥͽ˵һڵӪ
£𲮻ĵռ䱻ӡˣ޷߶ԪһʧȥָһƷʱѰʿ֮⣬ȫһֻûצϻ
֣ݺݳ
ֱ֣ӴԴ
ϴһݣ
֡ϷҹˣһҪ𲮻ȫ˷ܡ
ܿ죬Ŀ֮£𲮻ߵ׵ǰվ
죬¶ŰЦᶼˣһС˵־ģý𲮻ֱҪͷߡ
Ǻǣ֪л𲮻ҾһˣҲ㿴ڽ̵һ֮ǸʲôС
һЦУʼߣӣԪӿȣһɱڵģ
㣬
𲮻һ׵ļƣŵúʪ½УΪ˰ȫǱȵѪģֻҪҴӦý⣬һͱҽӡ⣬Բܳû֣ĻΥԡ
׵ʵ𲮻ĿãҪȫȫһԴϣ½𲮻ҪԽѣһغˡ
ԣҪѪģ𲮻ܹġ
ãҪ
һܳʹһɫ£һף͸Ѫġ
ӣ𲮻ɤ۵ʯͷءһյЦݣԼɱ𲮻Щεձ
һƣǰи黨ЩɥҺľѪһƣҪ
һЦҪ֡
ס֡
ʱڽ̵ĸ½ڿȥˣݲǰ׵ǰ壬ܷҾˡ
˵ţףײ
飡
˭룬ٿһߣֱӽ½߷˳ȥһɳһصصȺ֮С
ޣʲô⣬ҲǰߺҶҵ֡
Цһվ޲ƴ½޿ֵôţͽһһսô
ãֻҪӦҾһսҾͷŽ𲮻һΣ
üͷһؿ½



1500 𲮻
׻䣬𲮻ɵһתͷÿĿ⿴½
ֻҪ½Ӧս𲮻ͿֱͦˣڽҲܹסϣһĺ¡
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽½ϡ
½пһɫϣҪѿжѿ
ҡʥ֣ŲһСһսñ˵ԴС½׵顣
ЦȻ½ʥ֣ʵʥвڣ׵ʵνĿãʥҪһ½Ӧսôȴ½³һҡ
Ĺͷ½Ͼ˼ŵ棬ΪάԼ
½㡭𲮻Ϣһһɸֵ½ϧûȽ𲮻½һмһת˹ȥ
ٲȻµĽ𲮻½ĿоһϵķҲǸ߸ϵһ֮ܵأȨǳԼ
𲮻ɫһ촽˵
ңڽȫһȺҷʧ
ЩʧҡҡͷŽ𲮻ŬŬ죬ͷ㣬Ȼһλã³顣
𲮻Ϣһҧҧ޲ý׸ǧУڶݵĳ֮󣬻ǹԹԵ쳤˲ӡ
һֻڹˡ
ž
׽Ųһš˦֣žһһͷ˦˽𲮻ϣý𲮻ͷĿѣðǡ
˺Ʒһصص˳ȥ
úã
ʹ죡
Ҳһ⣡
ԸŵĴ׷кá


ڽ̵ˣ׷ǰ𲮻
𲮻ɫϣѪұߵİѺһƬҪǱжǱ
Ÿոտʼһûءײ΢΢һЦ
𲮻³һ̲ѪˮȺվ׵ǰ쳤ӣȴŵڶ⡣
ڶƣΪҵͽѩǰнѩĥȥȫûΣֱ
һƣҪ
һڣžһһ˦˳ȥ
顭
һƣ̺һ˿Ԫƽըһֱӽ𲮻õɶصײ˶޳ڲһϣײúȻ飬̳

ǲҪýˣǾһս
ڽ̵ˣһŵسǰȥ𲮻ӵϸһؿ𲮻ڴŽ𲮻ɱ
𲮻ڣͷ棬ͷƽͷ˺Ķһ֮ɣ
۵һ𲮻ſ³һ̲ŧѪݻУĿġ
壬һơ
𲮻֧һһ⵽׵ǰٶ쳤ӣȴ׵һơ
һƣΪͷڽ̰йܣĴúɽģҪѪʶģ
һٴ̧ơ
𲮻۾ҧأصȺһơ
ͬʱڸŵĴЦһţֱķ̵Ļ糱һ𲮻ĶС
֮£׵ϴһʹȫû˵øˡ
顭
ٿأ׵ĵƺҶ¡
һƣûгڽ𲮻ϣǳ˽𲮻ΨһƤĶͷϡ
ֻһƵı𲮻ϥһһ֮ͨһڵأµʯשӦѣ¶һ֩һѷ졣
ҿ쿴ţ𲮻Ѫһɥ֮Ȯһ˽ǰ
һ֮ȻһǶ˶Ѽˣ
Ҫǽ𲮻̱Ķа
۷׷ףʮֻ𱬡
ۡһ𲮻Һһ̱ڵأֽųѪһΣļơ

ãˣ
ڽ̵һˣ׷׳ǰһѽ𲮻ӵϲ
һģߣݲǰϸ̽Ž𲮻Ϣ½𲮻Ԫɢ졣
˵˲׼Ϊλģ
½ҧŭס
ʼЦһģ𲮻ûֻǶݵĻ԰ˡʵǰˣԽϡ
һνģȫûн𲮻ϡ
֣̫ţˣ
ϴ󣬳𲮻ζôǽ
Ժ˭Ž壬𲮻һӣ
Ϸ֡ҹˣ׷״ӵǰ״Ȥ



1501 λ
˼ˣҲôظˡ
ʱһܻ˻ָ֣˲֮š
£ǧŵĴ׷Ჽȿֺز֮ţ½ڽ˷ҡ
ܿ죬еʿȫ֮ţӽڽڲ
š
½ͺһŭ㻹ûи⿪ӡء
ԣһЦҸûзӡ𲮻ôӡ
ѾѪģѵҪڣ
½ڽ̵һڳϣȫпһ
һЦҡҡͷ˵ʵǣҸûзӡ𲮻ĵռ䣬ղʩչĲǴˡ
𲮻֮޷߶ռԪֻʱ˶ѣһͻлָˡ
һһ˵һýڽĿĻ
ţವһһ֮ţƾʧ١
ģԭһܴһʼƭǾȻмˣ
½ֱ¡
ʵϸ룬鱾ɵءǵһܵķľżֻӵ龳쾳Ϊ̶ֳȵľ磬Ҫһ֮ڣӡͬĽ췽ҹ̷ǽȻȫȻ֪Լֻ˴ռʱ˶ѣ
ӣƱؽΪЦı˽ڽ̵档
ڽ̵ˣ׷̾Ϣ
ÿ
ʱһŹȵߣ˽𲮻ӵڽ𲮻Χˣһߣ׷ױá
ݵ֣ڽ𲮻ϣţһɹɾӿ˽𲮻ڣ𲮻ռвĺһɨգֽע𲮻ʶ֮У𲮻
ʦ塭
𲮻۾һɲǣͲɵɫһǰߣȻǽڽ̵̫ϳ֮һĽԪ
ԪһεĽڽ̽ڽڽ̵ĵλʮֳȻȻѾ˾Ļ󣬵Ȼڽڽк绽꣬ƿźܴĻȨ
ߣ𲮻ҽڽ̽㣬Ϲˡ
Ԫһվ˫֣һսıýڽɨأ㻹ʲôҪ˵
𲮻֧վͨһڵأʦ壬Ըȥڽְ̽λʦȫ
ãʶ࣬λ͡
Ԫһö࿴𲮻һۣתͷŽڽǧ˵ڣڽ̵Ľְλʱ½档ڽ𲮻˷ʹͷǳ֮ٴط䡣
̫ϳӢ
̫ϳӢ
ڽ̵ǧˣ׷ͣÿһ˵Уȫֿ˻ûһΪ𲮻еͬϧ
ңҡ֮λ
½־ϲ˺ƱͻҸͷãŷӦǵߵԪǰҾ񣬡ʦ壬һڽ̷չ׳󣡡

Ԫ̲ؿһ½ƶǽڽ̸δȣ𽣶ȫ濪սʱϣܹճ߶ȣҪУӶڽԨ֮С
½
Ԫ뿪ˣһ½˽֮λһ¶Цݡ
½ֻһʥ֣Ը³çٿȽ𲮻Ҫ׵öࡣ
½֮λΪڽ̵һν˵ڽڽ̵Ӱһ̨ס
ڽ̵Ͽգڸŵʿһ𣬽һ״ӵȺ롣
λǰ𽣶μ칦ᣡ
Ц档
˷׷кá
ȺΧŮһŮһ׵ĭ꣬ߴٵҲôظˡ
ĭ޷Ӧʧǵס
ĭ꣬㲻ϲϽ˰գЦŴȤ
ĸʣ㲻øղŽ嵱ڳ𲮻Ӻ𣿡
ĭ갡һͷСǵͨ죬ǱµĻŮ
ò˵׳𲮻ӣڻŮ˵ġ
뿴һŮܾţˣ
ĭ꣬岻ʺġ
΢ҡ̾Ϣһ
Ůһ壬֮ҪڽȫǿھϣҪ£ϵӶõḻԴ
ڵĽ𽣶죬ֻһŮһİ
⣬׵Ŀɽڶ࣬ŮһҪ𽣶콻ãǳѣƨɣڸ߹Ůһ˵ǾԲ̵顣
һĵһˣΪʲôʺң
ĭƲƲ죬˿ͬĻ
죬һתѾ֪͸Ըˣ
ңƾʲôƽƽ
ĭƲƲ죬ᶨƵ˵ĸʣģһý彫ݵģֻһŮˡ
ΪŮһǧĭǳš



1502 
ϢһϣȫĭûûĻסˡ
ĸʣ£ȻȥգҷζҪμ칦硣
ĭС
֮ǰ㵱ڳ㻹Ҫμ칦磿Եʮ־ȣԭǸĭȥĶˣ
νʶԩҲͷŽ岻ġ
ĭ°ͣıؼȺȥһкӡ󡣡
˵ţҲķӦԼȺ׵ǰ
ʱ˿̣һһңǵ׵ĸۣ˵Цڡ
ס
ĭ꼷ȺƵ׵ǰЦеס
һĭ꣬üͷһ΢΢Цкιɣɤ̲Щͷ
˼û¾Ͳô
ĭ걻ˣСֹһ䡣
ĭߵģͬΪŮ˵ɵɫһ䣬һۡ
Ů˵ĵ׼
ĭ꣬Ļ졣
üͷ΢΢һšûнӻ
ʵϣ׸оЩĪ
Ϊӳĭ֮ǰųǽ𻢵δޣ׵˵ĭ޲ý׸̻˲Ŷԡ
ǡ
ĭ̬˿ûзŭ˼෴аͽֺ֮⡣
ֻμ칦ѣ֪㻶ӭ
ĭ
һЦǿͣȻǻӭġ
ĭһϲĬдʣҾ֪ҵģߣĶвʳȵˣֳ߹ò˫ľˣܹܡ
ĭ꣬㲻ǽ𻢵δô𻢺ӦƾŶԣȥ𽣶μָ칦ô£
̲סˣһԡ
ĭЦһأԴػӦôԲӣҲǽ𻢵δޣֻڶ׷еһԱˡʵҴ˷ǰҪĿģҪһýķɡ
еʧ
ĭԴƵؿףУȫζǶ۾Źӡ
˵Ůһǧ츳ȺлᶨҪ̡
ˬһЦûнĭĻϡ
ĭһϲð֮䲻һ֮ԼӮ㣬ƾ﷢䣬ʲô͵øʲô
üͷһš
˵ɲŮԼսӮ˵ȥ
˵ˣĭ겻ֻԪ磬׸
ңôָĶֱ֣һЦˣ֪Ҫأ΢ҡЦ
˵Ļ
ĭüۺƳһףôô˼Ҿ԰˳

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ŮһǧС㣬δҲ̫¶ˡ
ԼսͷʵڴΣףڣԼҪ˵Ļƾ׷䣬԰˳ӻ֮˼жϣƺҲаԥ
Թ˰ӢۣȻ٣ŮһǧС㣬Խ˺øС
ĭûû֮꣬ǰö֮ؽܽ𻢵ʾʬδתͷΣʵ
޸ǳ۲ѡҪܹĭ̸һ仰Ŀˡ
ڸŵĴȫЦⰻȻؿס
ҪӮ˵Ļôô԰˳
ĭĽ׵ĺһ£ϵıȴǿЦãû׽ӻ͸еλãݺݵһ¡
ĭ꣬ͱˡָŲῴء
زĭС˼
ûָĿζ޵ģԷ⡣һ
ĭ겻ɵСһ졣
ζޣԷ⣿
ʣڷĭ֡
ģĭĲֻ֣ǿǷ飬͹˵ĭ˵ʮָģ磬ǰ͹̣Ǳ׼ħġ
Ȼĭ֣
Ů˵Ϊ񶾵Ļһʱ䣬ĭ꼸Ҫš
˵㵽ϲϲԷ⣿ĭֱ£ͷ׸ס
ˢˢ
ɲǼ䣬׾͸еɱ˵ĿԼȻŭӿ
޿κεɤӣһҲϲԷ⣬żǿԵġ
䣬׾ͲҺһҪѪ
ʲôżǿԵģ
ѵҪ죿
̫ˣĭŮһǧС㣬ε˭׾ȻǺôĿ
ĭǶ˶ˣ˼˵׷ŮɽŮ׷иֽû뵽ĭֺףȻһ³
ڸŵʿȫЦǰϡ
壬ݡ
ĭ건ݽҧмҪˮ͵ض˶ţؼȺԶ˵ʷӶȥ
˻Żŵ׷ǰȥ



1503 챦
׵һ仰ǽĭ׵ˡ
ĭ굱ױøУһǧС˵Ҫܴеġ
˭룬ǵûеõ׵Ĵ࣬׺һ
ĭ޵޲ǰȥ׸̻˲Ž
ָ磬ʵ㣬Ҫǽ÷͵ȣǲ
˵䣬°ȽеĲλֱð
סС죬վһûûεЦͣ
׶ͷ৶䡣
Ҫ֪컯ɾлһãǸŹңãѽ컯ɾСزҲԵ޹ʵش컯ɾг
һ΢΢һ
壬˼ˣҵķҲҪصľżˣĻķѶ
һܵķ׵һЦ
׵˵ͷһӣһƴСľż˳
ವһһܵķͻΪһڹ⣬ľż֮С
ŷľżСزǬ֮С
СڸŵĴܿ͵֮£봫̨ǰ𽣶μ칦ᡣ
𽣶ڲ
¡շˣر˫֣ڴ֮ⲽ
Ҳ֪ڵˣǽڽ̾ûģ˷ǰȥӦսҪնɱ𻢾ûôס
ңǽڽ̻ѩץΪʡ
ֹţʮӴˮϰ¡

Ȼһɱڣڵأ˷ܵλϣʦִŸŵĳϣˡ
䣬¡ꡢշһڳϣȫϲ⣬׷Ჽӭӡ
𽣶Ͽգף˽
ԶԶģ´һڳǰӭӣɵòһЦ
ʦܣΣ
Ŀ⾼ؿͣתͷһ۰ȻףȻµ߰˷֡
ʦ˳նɱ𻢣ңڳ˽𲮻⣡
⡣
˻
շ硢ˣõһԼĶ䡣
Ҫ˵˳նɱ𻢣Ҳ˵֮УǣײֻһʥȻڳ˽𲮻⣿
Ҫ֪𲮻ǽڽ̵һ֮龳ĸְ
һʱ䣬¡շ硢˵УȫɻѣҪѯס
λĪҪļϯ¡дλǰμ칦ĵѡ
Ͱ˰ֹ֣ꡢշ˵ļѯʡ
ãھϯ
깪Ҿȥ
¡շˣǸߣæдڸŵ
ȺУľڲУ˵ЦϵʮǢ
ľ֣ϺңѰϵ裬ҲʮֳڵģһĹŷһֱҪϺѧϰء
Цźѵ
˵ЦˣϺҵѰǻĹŷᲢۣǻĹŷңһѰңǸǴУҪҸ߳üΡ
ľԵʮǫѷ
ľֲǫ顣
װ˰֣Ȼһת˵Ϻһ洫Ѱ̣챦̣ѰѨѰزأһ֪Ƿʵ
ľɫһڨڨһЦ˵ЦˣϺĶ챦ǲɿĴŰˡ
챦̼ΪأϺ˵ǹغشǷľΪһ֮Ȼй¶й챦̵Ϣ
ŶľǧᡣҲҪ챦̵⡣ʵϣһĹŷҵһϣڲ֮ǰԵɺ֮£شһռѷ죬رϧһĹŷҵѰʦ޷ƽռѷе󷨣رأȴ޷õ
̾Ϣһһһʮ˵һΣһ֮ǰڽ̸󣬾ϣܹһ֮һͬǰռѷѰزءϾһѰʮǿ˵ܹҵزصڡ
ԣľüͷ΢΢һĬ
û뵽ûĹŷңһѰңȻҪһСѰѨҪǴȥֱҪЦ
£֮ԺؽʵľڣٲȻǽľڸԼˣľǸϽȻĴ
֣ˡҶ죬ǿռѷоʲôıأֵ˴ۣľ
һЦайء
䣬ľڲɵõɴţۣΪ֮𵴡
айصıأ
Ϣֱ̫ˡκʿˣԱ侲



1504 ʹ
айصıأʮа˾žаż
ǶôϢ
Ҫ֪飬ڷѰаżгһգܹõа۵ĴС
֮ǰħڤ޵ǽһаżżҵһصֹǣֹǣǴ˵еаֹǣ
ڤںаֹ֮̾ӵ˲۷徳Ϊõһַ򴫳Уͷһʱ
˭ܹҵһаżа۵ĴУ⽫һĻԵ
û뵽ĹŷȻҵһаż
ľڸеŵǣ׾Ȼôһ䶯أظ߸Լˡ
֣ǼȻûҵżڣΪƶһа۵ż
ľںݺݵһĭס
ǺǣȻǿѨ硣
һЦڿռѷмһƬңֿռѷһΪľˮһУ˵ǿռѷһż
˻
ʲôǼһƬ
ľڼûܿסԼЩʧ˲Ⱥߣʼգ˶˵̸һ֪
Ƭ
ĸ֣һذըһľ𾪲ѡ
˼壬˵ıɱȵҪ߶˵ö࣬ǷܹĴڣ
񣬻ĹŷҾȻصĿռѷҵһƬζʲôζſռѷУп˵ż
ڣǹаż
֣˾ţȻԸҷܳģľھԲй¶Ļͷء
ľΪ˱֮ģҪָѪġ
˭룬ȴһסľڣľ֣ҼȻѡţȻǽ㵱˿øԼˣͲҪһˡ
ľڵ˵ͷ
Ƭ̣ľڻȻ̧ͷ¶˾һ֣˵ϺҵУȷš챦̡ѰѨ
ԣײɵǰһϲЦտ
ȻҪõԷܣõİ취ȹԼܡ
񣬷׺ޱؽаżϢ֪ľڣľ˼ѡηס
ã̫ˡ
ޣľ֣ȻϺƿ챦̣ǺһΣ
ľ΢΢Цţȴŷ׽Ļ
칦֮ʹ챦ǰһĹŷңʱһǰؿռѷ죬Ѱżڡţ챦֣һܹ˳ҵżڡ
Ȼˣ˷ǰȥԴˣȽż֮Ѱҵıƽ֡
˷ܵ
ƽ֣ľһ
ŶѾˣʱ򣬽ҲŽ𽣶ĵǰռѷ졣ԣһ
׽һ䡣
ľڻȻЦŵ˵ͷ֣Ǻǣ֮
ԭΪ׻ˣռرɷ׾Ȼŵƽ֣ľʮּ
ľ֣ܹңѾʮָмˣȻϺҡ
һЦ
ȻһתǵʱҶû˳ҵżڣôǶܽϢй¶ȥҪ֮һͬѰԮ
ľڵͷ֣Ϻ޷ҵżڣԶ˳ԲͼԴ
ߣȥȾƳ⣡
дϲľڵļ򣬺ҵ˿øֵһг졣
칦ٰ÷¡أڸŵĴȫܵ˱Ĵ𽣶֮УҹЦ˰¡
µ칦У¡շ硢ˣ𽣶ÿһӣնɱ𻢣ڳ𲮻ķ¼һжԽþء
ڸŵĴƵƵٱ׾ƣܵ£׵Ĺϵ𽣶Ĺϵ
߲ܣȵûڵأҺʳ׿ȻĻ⶯ǧݵƼ𣬾ҲҪࡣ
һ칦磬Ѿһˣǽ𽣶һ⽻ᡣ

һգҪβˣһҴææطУǰţ桭˼ʹߣԳ컯ɾ
ɫٿһ
ڸŵʿҲɫ䣬һ˾ƱӿһɲԤ



1505 ɴȹ
컯ɾʹߣ
ڳһʿ⼸ֵʱԺȫֳ뿪¡Ԫ˵ģ
ԭֵգʱʮء
Īˣ
ڽڽϳ˴Բʹưոݣ˵Ѿ컯ɾеǲ׼𽣶ˣ
˿컯ɾеĺ壬𽣶˾죬ǳء
ڸŵʿһɫء
ߣȥᡣҵҪڽжͣȻ׷ʹ򣬾Ͳ̤ƽڽ̣
͵ؽеľƱһ٣ɱڡ
ʱڸŵʿȫ͡
ЩԾ
ϯλõףȴ΢΢üˣͳֹҽ𽣶ɽˣͨ
һ׺Ȼǰһ뵽һԣѵīǰСزʹߣ
һˣվ˰֣λ԰꣬ܲôء
˵ţתͷѯ˶ˣʲôΪʲôװ磿
񣬡ַܹ߸ˣһɫŮɴȹ
䣬ȫ΢΢һһɫŹֵ
ˣȻ
һȺɴȹŮ
ǽ
һŵʯͷأЦŰ˰֣ȥǽ
ǡ
ˡ
壬ǣѯʵס
΢΢һЦûв´Ӧ컯ɾеοҰˡ
һɫŹֵؿס
ǰ컯ɾ̶ʮ꣬Ȼύѣ
ʿŹֵУܿ죬߸ɴȹŮǵزڲ
һ߸ŮͱǰļƸסˡ
ȥټУӯǧͬʱƼȣңÿһʿϢۻ룬ǲɶõĸ֡
߸Ůе޲ߵǣǲ֮ǧʿĿ⣬ͺһһǣƺҪǸǧС
ںܿ죬߸ŮȺҵףҵ˾ǣһݲǰ׵ǰ񣬡һӣݼ
ͻһĻڳʿȫ¶㵣Լ۾
컯ɾʹߣȻظҾΪ
û˻ġ
ߵĶҹϷ񡢷ֵܣȴһЦһ
Сزߴֻȥˣ
ֲؼЦ
¶֪СزĴأҪǴˣϴûλɩӽˡ
ٺһЦһ׼Ϸļơ
ʦܣ⾿ôһ£Ϊʲô⼸컯ɾʹߣΪ
͸оЩɶͷԡ
׸ɿһ亹콫·մʪˣӺһת˸Ҳûʲôֵģ컯ɾпɣͽЩҵµӰˡ
ԣȫ𾪣
ʲô컯ɾпɣͽôܣ
컯ɾųСɾڵҪˣȻܹ컯ɾпɣ
ֻ˵컯ɾеצ壬巢չϽģû˵飬컯ɾпɣһأ
ڸŵʿȫԼ۾
壬㲻𲮻һͶ컯ɾĳ˰ɣ
ʱһؿףɫϾ
Ͷ컯ɾĳô𽣶ҲͳΪϽ˲ٿصĿܡ
ͷǳˡ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫˢˢؿס
ЦһҡҡͷǰŽҸ嵨˶ص߳жԲɳ⵳飬һ㣬뻳ɡ
׵˵ͷ
˵ڳǵаսУѾ֤Լĳ֮ģ˵ͽôûܹϴˡ
⾿ôһ£
üͷ
λ컯ɾнʶһλǰЯ֮λǰ֣׼컯ɾпɣһԼ峤λģǽ棬ʵϣǵյĿ꣬Ǻɨ컯ɾߴȡ֮
ʮ㡣



1506 
һʱ䣬ڸŵʿȫ۷׷
˵ʵڵ棬ųСɾ컯ɾҪƶö࣬Ũ̶ȣĵرҪ˺üΡ
е壬һ̸컯ɾͽס컯ɾʿʱ֮вһְһͷĸоԱ

֪컯ɾеצʱ飬ǼΪ߿޲ýɾʿϾɱ
ûϵ׾ȻҪ컯ɾиһɣΪһ
һʲô
ζ׽Ҫռ컯ɾԴɾʿ
ΪѾ˵һʱ䣬ڳһʿûܹ֮ѹ
壬֪õ˳̨Ͽɣһ֮䣬컯ɾǣƾʵҪɣͲţ»㡣
컯ɾеĺߴһϸˡ
ʮԣɾʿν֪컯ɾеĺߴжôÿֲ
˵۸۴У컯ɾĺߴĹضãڣҪһ
ԣ¶һĨЦݣǰ뵣ǣ컯ɾиȻʱ޷ĵش޷ߴһϸ£ɾΧռΪͲŻû̫ġ
΢΢һЦתͷ˷֡ҹϷֵܣţǿҵļֵܣ컯ɾе飬ȫ֪
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶ˷֡Ϸҹ˵ϡ
λ˵ûûа٣ҿͷΪ
ϷԸ꣬һΪ׳
ֵȷҪ컯ɾпɣңһλ˸δһƬ
ҹЦʲôʱŷչ׳ˣٲҪֳһЩԴ𽣶죬ʱ򣬽𽣶ƱؽٷչΪһ
񡢷ҲظΪ׵
ʱڸŵʿȫŲɣһ͵ס
ϲ壬ϲ壡
Ȼ˵ֻ컯ɾΧشɣҲ԰ˣ˵⻹״컯ɾأΪ⣡
壬ɵúãϣгһգܹչ׳ѹߴʱҲЩҽצļһ
ڸŵʿ׷׾ٱ׾ơ
Ц棬ٱؾһ֣³һתͷվһԵ߸ɴȹŮǴ˷ǰкҪ£
Ǵ˷ǰҪ顣
һ毺õŮȻһЦɵҾһ飬㣬īǰһĸ£ѾɾΧش˳һƬɽµӳǧѪģѱҳ֮ͽ
ǰһƺá
īǰǸһš
Ů˵ɽѾϣµҲ˰ǧڣŵţȴһֱûж
ʲôʱпգȥһˣҲýŵŸ
һŮ
ԣȫʿٶȵһһùŹֵס
û뵽ײδſڿӣԼҪŵ峤飬ʵ
ײ峤ΪʲôŵţҪ
֪ˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
һ飬ʲôüͷһʵ
һ飬һ峤ԼīǰǸһЩҪֽ㡣
ͷһŮ
һЩҪֽңһϲû뵽īСزģ磬Ҫ˴Դ͸Լ
ʲôȻСزīǰԶԽ磬˸
Ŀ˸˸԰˰֣ﶼԼˣҲͲڵˣٽ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ڸŵʿȫĿһΪؿ߸Ů

һ۵ŮԸãһһӣһӸ˳سʵ׵ǰ
ţ
׽ӹӣһɺԴӺ֣ƿӣֻڲѵһſžӨ͸ĳѡ
ȥǧö֮ࡣ
ÿһöڲһ׳ӰڻζƺȲҪӳڲ
ѣ
ţǲɶõıҪ֪ǷǳĴڡ
֪ʲôƷʵѣڴ
һĳѣپǧ֮࣬ǲƴ֣
ڸŵʿȫĿ⾼ؿеӣһˮֱ



1507 嶾
ڿѵĵһۣͱܵΪЩѣǽ׻ȳѡ
ǵ׵ʶӳɨʱ׾ط֣Լжϳʧǰǧöѣǽ׻ȳĳѡ
һѯʵǰŮ
˵ɻĿ⣬۵ŮһЦһһʮؽЩѣһ徫嶾ĳѡ
룬ǰٻǰǧǰʼƷ֣ǵԳɹ峤Ǵһ֣ר͸
Ů
һר桮嶾롯
һɵлϲ
£ʶһ̽뱦УŹ֡
ǰ嶾ɵģ֪ʲôƷʵ棿ʵ
¸¸£Ҿ嶾룬ڳɹô
ٻɤʱ׵Ժ֮𣬡Ҫٶģϧնʧˡ
֮£ת嶾룬Ȼֻ嶾룬ÿһֻ嶾Ķ֮Уַ̺ǳֲĶء
嶾ֻҪͿɳ꣬嶾룬ԶһʿϰֻۼһԪֶܹ
еЩ嶾ѣǧֻһܡٻǧֻԿʥĸˡ
ٻؽ
嶾룬Զһʿ
һֻ嶾룬ͿԽһԪʿأ
еЩѣ֮Կʥ֣
һĭм֡
ԣڳһʿȫһеĳѵĿ⣬˸˸Ź⣬Ѳѡ
ǲţ嶾֮󣬾ͿԶһʿ̶ֳȵĶԣδҲֲ̫ˡ
µǣԪʿпܱ嶾붾
еĳѣδһȺԿʥĸ֣һɱĴɱ
Ҫܹõһֻ嶾ͺˡϧ漫Ϊ嶾˳ɫ棬͸мˡ
ŵʿ׷զ̾
嶾벻ʵ׻ȳƺҪһΨһϧǣû񵶷һĳ
ҡҡͷ嶾ĳѣΪģȻź
˭룬ʱٻɤ׵Ժ쳹ƺǿ͸׵˼һޱ𾪣壬嶾Ŀ֮Զֹڴˡ
΢΢һʲôиµģ
ҵΪٶ룬ķ£֮£ת嶾룬ǣһֱûзٶ롣
ԣ嶾ʱ嶾ϸעһֱ򡣡
ٻ
򣿡
׸еЩɶͷԡ
û嶾ĳȺУﵽһĿʱ򣬾ͻ໥ɣһֻ
ǰٶ룡
ڰٶĿɲҲ㣬õһֻٶʱ֪ˡ
¸¸£ҵıѪ
ٻһģ
Ŀ࣬ͷƤ
֣嶾ĳʵˣָֻ棿
Ϸ಻סͷЦס
֣ҪǸ֣ɲңֵݵ
ϴҲҪѣǣһһͬʰ˫ֱأٺټЦ
֣Ѿ˽ʮֻ׻ȳˣҲں⼸ֻ嶾룬תֵܣǶģӿȪ౨
ҹ˵嶾ĿֲҲЩ಻ס
ԣײɵɫһЦá
⼸ֵܣûнԼţ
תһ룬Ѿӵ˽ʮĽ׻ȳ棬ʥ۷徳ĵ֣嶾Ȼһˣ͸ֵܵҲǲԡ
ǣÿֻôеǧֻѣʿϷֵġ
ԣεҡҡͷλֵܣѣʱת
۰Ͱ׵Ϸҹ֡ˣɵð̾ҲûٳԹ
ԭܼ򵥣ҵЩѣ֮пܻ졣
һ
죿
ǰһһؿס
û
׵˵ͷ嶾ﵽһ̶֮󣬾ͻ໥ɣһֻٶ
ֻٶ룬Ϊ嶾
ÿһ֣صô˵ġ
һʱ䣬ʿȫһ嶾ѣ
ֻϧ嶾ѣֻԶ۲棬ռΪУΨһܹģĽʺޣ



1508 ʯ
û뵽˳ɫ嶾룬Ȼܹб죬ңڱ嶾ﵽһ֮󣬻ܹһֻٶǾˣ
嶾Ѿ˵ĿֲˣΪİٶ룬϶ӵĿֲһ룬˼Ѱ
嶾Ϊ棬Ʒʾϳ˵ģȻԱ죬嶾ļ۸񣬽ֱǣǿۣҲ˹򡣿ϧǣȻǮԲὫѳá
ڸŵʿȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿףһѲѡ
ãǧöѣ޼֮ͷһǰ컯ɾúøлСز
һֱӽԼıС
ʲôҪ
ЦеŮ
ǰ׶ڽıˡ
ףڳĸʿȫ治ѡ
㿴
һŮݲǰһӣһǬ˳һûеѪǬŮ˫ţسʵ׵ǰ
ţ
׽ӹǬʶ̽Уɵǰһ
ǣ
׺һ£ǬУؿѵһСɽĿʯЩʯ׶ʶ
һڰīǰؽʱ֮ڵ˼⼸Ȼ󣬵̲صĶϡнٺòˡ
ܵ׵ĿɨԼŮС
Ŷڵ˼ϡп
һֱӴǬͳصĿʯа档
ʲôʯ
׻Ӷһеɫʯ
ǧٺʲڣϣʥ
ŮӦ
ʦܣơһѴ׵УɫĿʯ֮УƬ̣ɵզ̾Ʒϳ˵ǧеʷǳ٣ٽصͿ㹻Ĳһʥˡ
ԭǧǷǳĲϰ
⻹ǧݵģʥ´ˣ
Ϊ컯ɾصĵرǧ֪ж٣
ڸŵʿȺ۷׷ףÿһʿĿ⣬̰ɫĿʯš
ʦܣǧж٣Ŀȵؿס
һɣûϸǬУǧѾѵߵСɽˡӦÿǧա
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿÿһף޲ɱ˶ᱦеı
ڸŵıͣǽ𽣶ĸϣһĴѡ

ͺݺݵһĭص׵ļ򣬡ã̫ˣӣ̫һǽ𽣶죬Ҳóû㹻ʥˣ
׵ͷһЦֽһֻɫĿʯ˳
ֿʯͨ죬ˣʯͷһȻ·ҿǳ׿¡
ʲôʯ
Цʵ
컯ɾеġʯͷ÷ЯԪأڷϵӳɣ
Ů
ԣһЦŵ˵ͷ
֣ҳ򡣡
ϷһѴ׵Уʯ˹ȥаţĩˣһʧʯƷʣǵĻɽһĳһʯҪһǲɶõı
ȫʱ֮УÿһʿͲôϷнʯһþ
ʲôʯƷʣȻȳһʯҪһҪ֪һʯļƷϣڻϵ൱ļӳɣû뵽ȻбȳһʯĲϣ
ţҪ֪һöһʯǧļ۸һʥҪĳһʯҲҪʮС
ּ۸Ѱʿܲ𣬾ʥòһʯּƷϡû뵽ȻбȳһʯΪݳ޵Ĳϣ
ȫĿȵؿʯ
ʦܣʯж٣ٶѯʣ֪ʯҪǧҪ
һԥڨڨһЦʯҪٵöֻ࣬һǧա׻˵Ʋ¶ȻĽ𽣶ȣ˵ǣ׻ѡ˱
ʵǬУʯǧ֮ࡣ
һǧ
Ϸһ֣ЩʣһɽһÿҲܹʮĳһʯˣʯƷʣһʯҪߵö࣬ȻһӾһǧʯ



1509 ϽѪʯ
壬ǧʯܷóһЩһһ
ĿɽһλЦʵ
ûҪóһЩʯÿһҳǧ蹺򣡡
͡
ҳǧٽ裡
ߣСÿһʯҳǧ蹺ж٣
ڳһ˵ȣȫۣغ̧Żʯļ۸
շ硢ȳϣһ֣ȫڶʿ̧۵龰̼ˣȫڴס
ÿһʯѾ̧ǧ裬йĻʯǧгһһĻʯǻʯİˣ
һ֣
οеĻʯǧҪȫóǧ裡
ĿʼԴǵһЩһ壬Ҳ˵óõóġ

üͷһЦҡҡͷʱҲóԺ˵ա״ͷ
ԣ²ʿɵð̾еʮֵϧ
ʵĽ𽣶ƴ֣ӵ֮֮ߵ衣
֮ǰթʥӵ裬мǧ֮ǰ𻢾һսִӮһǧ衣
µĽ𽣶죬ȱľˡ
ԣײ㽫ʯó
Ըʯ̿ɽŵӡ
˵ˣҪҲһóǧĻʯ׿֪ɽһĳһʯ֮һֱ׷мСΪɽһгνϡΪԽϡٵĶ۸ŻԽߡ
ԣгһҪʯҲһóǧĻʯÿһóʮĻʯøҾӶ̧۸
һܹʯļֵȫھ
ʲôʯ
΢΢һЦһͳһöƴСľʯ
һɺѪľʯɢ˸˸⣬Ө͸ܹظܵһˬ֮С
ţ
ʯùŹ֮֡УȻоڵѪҺڷؾۼƺҪеһ龧ʯˣ
׸ܵеľʯڲһεɵһʧ
˵ţһһ˿˿֮ϯӡ˾ʯڵѪָƽ
ס͡ľڵˣȫ΢΢еľʯ
һʱȫûͷƺǵһμ־ʯ
ϽѪʯǼƷϣ뷨ڲɱʱ򣬿Խ˵ѪӶ뷨ڲ
ӹѪգӶƷʣ
һӺݴ󷽵Ů
ʲôǴ˵еϽѪʯ
ţȻǹżмصϽѪʯ˵ֻ֮زŻľʯûϵ컯ɾоȻҲС
ϽѪʯǰħΪϲϡ֮УʬɽѪɷ֮أпܳħ峣ħר˾Ѫɱ¾˵ħмĴѪԽ࣬ϢԽŨħƷʾԽߡ
˵еľʯǹżмصϽѪʯʱڸŵʿȫһզ̾
֮ǰͬǣڸŵʿûпϽѪʯһȻĿⴹѣһԲ
ϽѪʯ͵ķΪаҪϵɱ¾ƷʣֻħŻаķɶֹ
ԭϽѪʯ
һҡҡͷԽеϽѪʯ˱ڲ
壬ӿǵõ˱ˡ
ȻһЦԺȻڱڲı֡
ڲٻޱȵ˷ܣੲݵ˵ϽѪʯǸҵĲǸӵֵƷʣҲǷǳЧ
壬һҪϽѪʯá
ٻ
׿ЦһίؾܾǰֻٽϽѪʯһҪЩϽѪʯħƽצڲһҵħƽצ˵гһգܹΪ˵еĽ
ţ
ħƽצ֮У
ԣٻ΢΢һͷһЦƾľΪħƽצİ벽δҲ̫˰գ
ɫһ
ȷ
ףֻԪ磬ҲܹþѪһʥҪ벽ħƽצΪġ
գֻҪһϽѪʯһ룬Ұæħƽצڲ֤ħƽצΪһĴɱ
ۿԥٻ׷Լ



1510 ɢϯ
һ͵ͷӦ˰ٻ
û취ħƽצ飬ֻ龳ĸֲܹٻǰ龳е̳ûܹʡ
˵ˣٻøŵùˡҪħƽצϽѪʯȥ˰æһģҲǷ顣
һϽѪʯٻ룬Ҳδزһ£Ͼİٻ׵ػ񣬱ֵƷˣҲкô
ԣ׷ǳˬشӦ˰ٻ顣
һˣһֱӽǬеǧϽѪʯʯȫ˱С
ʦ֣һһЩʯǧϽѪʯ̫ڲʲôʱ򣬸ҪˣҪ
΢΢һЦתͷʹһк
Ц׵ļ
˵һ컯ɾʹı͸׵ģȫȨΪУ
Ըڽ𽣶˵һĺ¡
ȻˣȻһֿʯ̫ĹټҰٴǣⲢζŽ𽣶ĸκʱ򶼿ǰ̫
ٴΪ̫һĹܼңúܣҪӰٴлÿʯҪΪĴ۲С
һ㣬Ȼ˵ȴҲ֪
ˣϣȫ׵ж£塣


ʱ߸ĸ毺õŮȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿףԭһˣ峤ԴѾ޷ص컯ɾˣԣ
߽һУԭרģϣܹ嶾롣
߸۲תؿס
ˬһЦЦŵͷǼȻһˣôǽ𽣶һˡھͰ̫һΪĵӣרŰ嶾룬˴ۣ塣
һ£ܿŮľ̿аڷŵ̫һʽۣǴźĵӵɫԱ߻ڷһ龧Ө͸ƣɷԿš̫֣źĵӵݡ
ר뾫壬߸һŮͿĵһɽร
ЯСŮӸм
Ϊ
߸Сã׷׽ӹľУһϲذڵأ׹
ǾһˣҪٳƺΪˣҷˡ׷Ը

ǡ
߸ŮһͳΪ̫һĺĵӣνϲ⣬׵ĻĪҲӡ
ˣ
һŮһԥ嶾룬ϣܹһԷյĵطţϣš
ԣ׵ͷһЦû⣬ðٴǰſһ˽˵Ķר嶾롣
һԵ̲ڵ˳˱룬ڴ˵еİٶʱһᵥǰһɽ壬档
лȫлЯ
лȫлЯ
߸ŮԲɵϲ⣬л
û뵽̫һķף𽣶ţ˵Ŀ󷽡
£׾˽߸Ů̫壬סϤ⣬רſٳһƧĶ߸Ů嶾롣
ڴѵӣҲ߸ŮȫȨί档
ʱɿţ¡ص칦磬һ£ڵɢϯʱ̡
ڸŵĴ׷״ӵǰ׻ָ
ܵһһߣ޷ޡ
壬ʱͰ壬ºľһĹŷҼϡһǰصĿռѷ죬Ѱżڡ
׵ļЦһ
ףҼľҲҪǰȥ
Ըо
֣ľҸİ֡ϺΪѰңԲС˵ˣľڿǴӦҽ챦̡ϵġ챦̣ǳɹҵżڵĻὫ
һЦ
ԣײɵǰһû뵽˵е챦̾Ȼġҡͷпһ䣬Ϊϲá
Ϻҹϵã׵ŮˣϺܹһͬǰռѷѰżڣȻǾ˫˫Żӭġ
ǰºһ׼ʱ
׹˹֣һЦ
ս壬Ǿ񣬶Ѿƣο׵ķ֮ûȫָһαչָ
µʱ䣬ȻݣǶ˵Ѿ㹻״ָ̬߰˰ˡ



1511 
ʦ֣º󣬽𽣶켯ϣܹ˳ҵżҵء
׸бͣЦͣһ
ģѾԸ˸ѡΪĵǧʱ򣬾̽
ֳһȣ˹ҡš
ԣײɵһʦ֣һηֵżпǴ˵еżǽ𽣶һҪرһɹҵżڣᾺᱦǽ𽣶ɲ·硣
֪һλĹŷҳΪڶ࣬Ųٵĸ֡ҪڻĹŷǰرɲס
ҡҡͷ壬Ը̫ڰԵЩǷǡһ٣ܵ׵ɻ΢΢һЦһż̽һͬǰȥǻĹŷϺңһǽ𽣶춼ѡԣ֮䣬ǱʵľϵԣǸûбҪ㳲
ϾżɻĹŷȷֵġǽ𽣶ܹżѰҲ˻ĹŷҵĸҪǲı࣬ûĹŷҸܵвǽ𽣶ʧͳ˫ĳùϵ˵ûʲôô
һһʮط
ͷ
ȷôһ¡
𽣶ͬȥһǻĹŷңһϺңͬһϵƣûбҪ
˵ˣĹŷҵļף֮ǰ𻢵ľսУǰڣε׳ͷνɽ׿ɲܷˣΪǧָİǡ
ʦ֣Ҿȱչˣºټ׵
Цŵͷ
ܿ죬׾;ӣ̫ɽ֮䣬֮еĵӣһףȫع񣬲˿ĵ


һǣһŮԲһ֮УһͬչذգǵõȪҲҪչǱ޵ʱ̡
Цŵ˵ͷ
ٺ٣Ѿǰ벽ԪˣȪĸ£Ҫ˶ãܹΪʥ
ŷȭһĵ
һȪһ˿ţһ뵽Լ֮Ĳ࣬鲻Խذ̾
Դ컯ɾг󣬺лǱˣҲѾһ˿ƺѾԪıݣܿҾͿͻƿһٲԪľˣ
촽Ϊ졣
Ԫ죬ʥ۷徳磬ϣˣһոµľ硣
˵ÿһ󾳽磬൱һһȥ׾ܹɱ䣬Ϊһɳ졣
ǣҪͻƿ߾磬νء
ѰʿѶҪϼǧ
֪һӭҵĽʲô˳ֻ֮õһʲôոطʹš
һոµطоӿֳһ޵
һˣ׵һ֮ϣԺиֳķ壬ڵضĹ켣ʼһ̲ͣת
ͬʱڲһƬɫ󺣲ϵš
һƯĵϣٻû壬ڷǧϽѪʯʯֶѵɽĿʯΪأ԰ٻæңûͣЪʱ䡣
Ǻǣҽں˴ϽѪʯ֮ҪѪҪɵöˡ
ٻдʡ
ΪһлǣٻеҪԼʵӶֵƷʡ
ħƽצ
ٿأٻĿ⣬תڰеħƽצ֮ϣħƽצһ벽ҪںϽѪʯǳѣҪѹסеС
һޱȺƴḶ́ϣұˡ
ٻ絣ΣɫϾ֮
ܿ죬µʱҴҶһգһ̫һܼҰٴӦһٳϣ˼ʿ˵ѩġ
ѩģ
ٴ΢΢һüͷһšѩشȫչκ˶Ӵȥؾ͡
˵ţ˰֡
ǡûȷӶȥһӰͻȻڰٴǰ
ʦ֡
ǸͦΣЩ԰׵꣬ʱϢۻ룬˫Ź⣬Ȼ׵״ӡѩ
ѩ㲻ôôˣ
ٴһѩ
ѩʼЦŻشҵѾָȬˣңһ˳ͻһС磡
䣬ٴɵΪ֮һò˼ѩ



1512 ʦͽ
û뵽ѩڶ̶̵ʱڣʹһϢ״ָ̬߰˰ˣһָٶȣֱ
ΪԭʼĺᣬƷʾǳܹġٴզпһ
ʦ֣ҵʿǰʱύһЩѣҪԼȥɽһʱա
Ҽ̾Ҫ
ѩһЦ˴˫֣¶һĨֺõ飬ʦ֣̫һĴܼңΪصֳɲһЩҩã
˵ţѩڨڨһЦһڴŰٴ
ٴɫһһһǺ˰ۣǰøձڽץȥ䵱ʣЩʦʦûüءոջָƣͣܣҪҩ
ѩ׵״ӣʮֿأӰٴҪһЩҩȫһ仰顣
ڣٴȴһٸԸ
ϾһѩŪʲô۶׷ٴ󲻺ý
ʦ֣иգʦǶһҸʱ㱨ġѩధ
ѩҪȥĶҰ
ٿأһͺ쳹ϣѩͰٴ׷תͷ򱦵ŵķ
֮УĴӵ£ŲЦеشѩ
ѩһʦˣʱεشͷ֧֧˰ΣҲ˵һĻ
ʦ𡣡
ٴǰȥЦǺǵѩǼǳԲǴ򣬸ˣҪһЩԼȥɽǺɽǼϴĽأѩóȻǰֱڿЦ
ԭһԼȥɽ
üͷһɽ˵вټΪײеĶʦóȻɥ
ѩľ磬ֻǰŲСΣϵġ
ʦ֣ɲſںߣҵʿɲʲôѣǰʱύֵܣڸſǻ빲йĽ顣
ѩһٴĻʱˣ
΢΢һЦͷò˵ѩƢԼǳвסϲýύѣ
һˣʱ˲٣ѩѾˣԼжȻҪύѣһ£ΪʦģȻ޹ӡ
ʵϣ̫һǳֺηðվľЩĻ䡣
ûһϯ˵꣬ѩð⣬кƺһ
ǡ
ٿأ׻һתΪʦ̫࣬ᱻ˰㡣ԣ˷Ҫ֤ȫС
˵ţһӣͳһƴСĽңѩ
ʦǡ
ѩŽңЩɶͷԡ
򿪿֪ˡ΢΢һЦ
ѩæ򿪽ңֻжʮɢԱɳװڽ֮Уʱ˫˸˸Ź⡣
Ȼɳ
̫ˣôɳǶսʥҶηˣ
ѩ˷ܵ㵸ٿ׵뾴ˡ
ʦ̫ˡٴһԿһĽʺޡ
ЩɳǸģ򲻵ѣʹáȻҪƾԼʵвɳ֣ҫͷӶԼΪ
׽ѵ
ʦѵüǣͽܼסˡѩӦ
ˡ
ȻһӣֱӽһӰӱиٻ˳ȻʥĦݿˡ
ˡ
Ħݿ˸һ֣͹׵ǰҾ
ѩ˷Ħݿػԣİȫ׵
ѩһʱЦá
ģĦݿ˻ڰб㣬ֻ֮ݵʱƽʱġ
΢΢һЦͽѩеĹǸһɨա
ѩǳ˼һͺɿˡ
ײûѩɵ˼
ĦݿˣӦ֪ô˰գתͷбһĦݿˡ
ǵˣһְأѩ֮ǡ
ĦݿӦ
Цеص˵ͷŹԵİٴѩ䱸һЩʥ뵤ҩ̫һӡ
ٴӦŵ
ѩһ߸ߣл
һЦ𣬴Գķϯȥ
µʱתۼţʱǰĹŷң׼Ѱصżˡ



1513 ɽ
𽣶ڵɽϿգʮɫεŮһ𣬽صȴѩĳ֡
ߣѩǺôļӣȻǵôõʱ䡣
һ٣ֳȵ꣬ͷⲽԹص
ѩڳһϳڿԺʥٹٹǸ黭ͨĲӣӷεģڵ츳Ѫͬʿк
ŮϣΪٹĵ¡
Ǿǣһǰɽǲ׼ѩģʵֻϺȡǣҪ˸㲻
վԵһ꣬͡
ٹ㲻Ҫô˵һմɳĮѩؽܸˣѾҰΪѪвˡ
һӺݴ󷽣̬欵ŮæΪѩ˵û
ֵһǣŮĽᣬ۽һ룬һҼҪӵ뻳кúϧһĳ嶯
ŮΧͬװŮһɫڷȵĵӡ
㣬ͲӦý׾ʯϢ͸¶ѩģҪ֪һɽѰ׾ʯǳϾԪʥߣδظա
ٹЩԹֵٿأһת㣬֪ôΪһܹ˳ҵ׾ʯ䣬ҿѪˡ
˵ţٹһӣ⾶ԴٹǬϯȻȫװĿܡ
ţ
ǡԪĿܣ
ȵһŮһۻĿܣȫ鲻Խطһľ̾
գգ˫ɵøƶЦ̫ˣʥ߼ĿܸǾҲˡ
㣬Ƚ˺ɽ֮㣬Բ˵һë
ٹظĵ
Զֳⷨ꣬ϸڵٹȫһƫ˹ȥ
ٹ˼˾֮·˽֪顣
ʵſвٶ˼ǣſٹҪһЩԣû㹻ĵٹо
Ψѩ첻µزµļһԴһմɳĮɾһ֮󣬾˲֮Ե
ÿһҪͬУٹʹ߷ǳŭ޲ýѩι
࣬۷׷֮ʣ̫һڲѩڰٴĴ£˴ѡһֵʥһףִ˸鵤ҩ뿪̫塣
õʥӣҵʵһɳ졣ٹҲضˣ
ѩɺ촽ޱȵó졣
ಣ
£ѩȲطӶ𣬾Ҫٹ˻ϡ
˭룬ûѩɳԶһӰʹ粽ظ󣬲ö˵׷ԸѩڡĦݿˡ
ĦĦǰʦ˵ڰңͲҪ˰գ
ѩŲһ٣תͷһЦؿĦݿˡ
Ħݿ˹ҾɷūˡūĸǰҲ˵һūֱūˣǧٳƺΪǰˡĻū̹
˵ţĦݿ˾Ҫƹڵء
ѩһǰĦݿ˲޿κεҡͷЦãúãҴӽ󣬾ֱˣͲҪˡ
ɤӣѩڳһλߵ̬ĦݿˣȻΪôھ㣬Ͻҵǰʧ
ѩ΢°͡
Ħݿ˹ѩĻš
ūֻ˵ұ֮ǣū㲻ҷɾ衣
Ħݿһ
㡭
ѩֱţ޿κ֮£ֻЭϢΪά磬ǧñ˿ʵΪȻĻһʦǶ״ʧְ
ѩûϵĦݿִ֣֮£ֻ˱֡
á
ĦݿûоܾܿͽԼƷʣά¡
߰գ
ѩ𣬴Ħݿ˳Ž𽣶ɽΧӶȥ
ԶԶģѩͿһȺնصȺɽ֮⣬ӭȥ
㡣
λֵܣ
ѩЦǰһغʺá
ѩ֮ǰڽ̸ץȥ䵱ʣǶΪһѺΪΪˡ
ȻһЦǵǰѩЦǺǵҿ㼪࣬˳ػΪģĻһǰɽգҪһˡ
ѩһЦģҵأˡ
ѩ֣ƻָôˣ
һֳַĿʵ
ûʲôˣҴʦǶõһȪҾΪһ¥
ѩظĵֱ졣



1514 㽣
˻
䣬ȫһһĽѡ
ѩܹŽΪʦĸʲôʱܹ˿󷽵ʦͺˡ
ȪǲɶõıŽ忴ʮֳ谮ѩĽʺޣ
ҪһȪ˵ܹͻƿԪˣ
ڸŵʿһ
ߣһȪˣʲô˲𡣡
ٹһвмҿǿԺʥӣе鵤ҩʤϡʲôƨȪ
ٹģЩʣȴֲϣԹʾмʼˡ
㡣
˭룬ѩʼնûж࿴ٹһۣһӻͳһտɫķɽݸ㣬㽣͸Цɡ
˵ţɽݸ㡣
ʲôҪ㽣͸ң
㲻ɵΪ֮һ㶣ЩԼĶ䣬΢΢ɢʶ̽еտɫɽɫ⡭ƷʥǳҺεºܣôܽ˹ص
˵ţæеĵ㽣ѩ
㣬㲻ý⣬㽣ȻΪƷʥʦУֵһᡣ
֪ôҵʦһʹ͸һƷʥķɽһƷʥıס
ң̫һĵӣԽ봢ңѡƷ׵ʥס鵤ҩĵرѵɽνȡ֮֮ߡ
Ϊʦ״ӣܹѡʥȻҲΪ߶˵һࡣ
ѩһͽһһһؽ˳ػһ¡ʱһɳ콣ϯһεϢС
ȫ𾪣
ţѩʦδҲ̫ƴˣȻµĵȫ䱸˷ף鵤ҩ
Ҫ˿󷽵ʦ𣬿һǧ
ѩܹŽ£ΪŽ״ӣĸ
ڳһſȫüĽѩ
У׻˵޹»ҲԵ޹ʵ˹ص
ԥƬ֮󣬻ǹϵؾܾѩĺ
Ʒʥں壬ҲֻкĵӲܹСѩ͸˺Ȼܳ
ѩһЦȰ㣬һܹǽɽѰ׾ʯĸ͸һ㱡ҲӦõġ
˵ˣȥɽǳΣգ㽣ҲܰȫһЩ
ѩ㽣ٶȵݸ㡣
ԥˡ
ǰɢտɫķɽκһŮѲġ
ߣѩȫͲˡٹڣԲܵ˺
ʱһֱĬٹͲס㣬ΪõʥͿԸˡҸ㣬ƾڵʵɽȥ޻أ
ʱ򣬱ϴҵĺȾллˡ
ٹԴϣһͺѩ
ԣѩ˫ֱأúЦٹٹȫëܲڣٹľΪƺҲûб٣ôţĪҪдһ
ѩеؽһҫͱ˵ļơ
㡭
ٹǺݺݵضѩ¶һĨ˶ɵɫ
һ뵽ѩԭʼĺᣬڼѪ̬֮ȫһǧʬٹͲɵзˡ
ϲòٹˣƱؽ˳Ц֮£ٹֻӲͷƤϡ
ߣƾ㣿ҵĿܽ˺Ƭ
ٹһЦһն߿ܣͺȻӶ̧ͷĿɭѩ
໡
ʥ߼ĿܣͻȻ޾ʥϯ£ѹѩεѣЩһ̱ڵء
ס֣
ס֣
ڳſȫʧݲǰֱӵѩǰĿԲŭصٹٹ㲻Ҫ̫ǽ𽣶ĵ̣Ͳɱ֮
ԣٹпһæһ߿ܸ˻
ȷ
ٹڽ𽣶ĵ̣ǽ𽣶˸ǳˣٹԲ˶ߡѩʦףװԵǿԸ񣬸߶ʮһֱӽٹնɱһֻһɡ
ʱٹ¿޶ûеطȥ
СӣãҷһָŮ㡣
ɽݺᣬһУʲô鶼пܷȰΪ֮
ٹ˫ֱأζһ䳡滰
ԣѩЦһҡͷԵǺǣˣ˸˵ٹΪ߿ܣ͸ǰҫˣ
ѩ΢΢תͷԵĦݿʹһɫȥ߿ܴ򱬣
ǣ
Ħݿ˵˵ͷǵسſܷӶȥ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿؿǰľ



1515 ̳
ѩȻһȫеūͳ֣Ҫʥ߼Ŀܣ
ĦݿɢϢжϣĦݿ˵ľΪҲˣ̶ֳȵΪ˵Ǵʥ߿ˣһж
ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ٹЦһ΢΢׼Ϸ
˵Ŀ֮£Ħݿ˴ǵʥ߿ǰû߿֣ܳĦݿ˾͵غȭ
䣬䡭
ȭΪѸͣЯѸײڶ֮ƣҵ߿ܵԴϣ죬ʥ߼ĿܣȻĻᶼûУԽѣͷʬ
һĻͻӡڳ˵УһʱԷӦ
ˡ
Ħݿдغȭ˿ܣصѩǰȴָʾ
ãɵò
ѩ΢°ͣΪ͵ص˵ͷ

ȫΪ֮Ȼ
ţҿʲôѩūͣȻȭͽٹʥ߼Ŀܸˣ
ʥ߼ĿܰȻһˡūʥΪ
ʥĴڣݹʼԴǣǿɶǳưһպĴڣΪλΪѩһūͣѩΪ
ڳһ˵ȣȫΪ𾪵ؿѩһʱš
㣬㡭
ٹſһ̲Ѫɫ԰ֽܣԲܡȵ÷ŭ𾪣ٹѾԱ侲
ŶˣʦҰŵһ鷳û˵
ѩʼ赭дǸʥա
ȫ׷ڡ
ţŽ徿ʲôһȻԼͽܰһʥΪ
ʥ֣һǺ绽ĴڣȻŽ䣬ϧŵ̬ѩ䵱֮治С
ӣٹߵˣ֪ٹҪճ
ٹҿԣΪԼǿԺʥӣͿĿˣû뵽ձѩݺݵһͨǴġ
ڳһſһʱ۷׷ףȫζٹ
ѩҵţ˳𲻱ٹĲΪˣ
ٹݺݵһݻҲҶһӣͳһ̨ϣ뼸תʧ١
ңҿߵ磬ҪǱʦײˣ϶ҪƤѩЦתͷһ㣬бǸ㣬ô㲻Ұգ
ЦеģԴҡúһ˹ģᡣʵٹˣңŮˣ̫Եˡ
һǺܸ˵ġ
Цġ
ˣʱˣǸϽǰɽաѩЦ
ߣ
ߣ
£ڳһſȫΧ£ѩΧѩСŶӵͷ
ѩһӣٻһ̨ϣתʧ١
ͬʱǰջĿ⣬ЦҡҡͷѩǺҵƢ߰˷ǸϳԿϲ
˵ţվǰЦӭ͡µˡ
ʦܣָˣ
͹ʵ
֮Ѿָɣ״ָ̬߳ɡ
΢΢һЦĿǰһһɨȥ֮ǰѼ˸ľӣǧڣ̫ĵռ˶
ã̫ˡ
׵ļһѰżڣҪУϺҡĹŷұֺǧ𶯲ˡ
׵ͷһЦӦ
𽣶
״ǣǧྫǰ


𽣶ǧھӣ͡
ǰĹŷҡ
״һӣһ̨ƾճڰУȲϣڽ𽣶ǧڣ룬ƺƵز˴̨
ʦ֣λϣڡ
׻˻̨֣꣬¡¡һ춯ȼ˴֮һֶ£̨ǧȫƾʧ١
Ĺŷҡ
ȥ¥ã¥
ʱһ¥ڲĹŷҵĸ߲㼯һĵصȴš
ϣ˵Ļô
ױ˫֣ڴнⲽٿؽŲһ٣תͷԲԶһ뷢԰׵ߡ
Ĺŷҵĸ棬Ѿδ¶ˣʵϣĹŷҵ棬ײβǷ֪ҵĸںηֻ֪ҵ涼һصؾбչء
ƽֻش¼Լ޷ϵʱ򣬲Ż뵽ϵ档
Ҫϵֻһ취ǰصĻ̳
ڻ̳УҪ˵Ļ˵һ飬òϢʮ󣬷ͻյϢӦ



1516 ˮŶ
ĹŷΪһָѰңѰϵĴ裬ǽ˵Ĵڡ
ĹŷУѰʦв١
УΪģǻĹŷҵ桰족
죬ѰȻ츳ѪΪڻĹŷͬһʱڵвͣҪѰܹġ
ĹŷҵѰһˮŶΡؼǷǳѰʧѾãǻĹŷҵľԺģܹҲָ
⡶ˮŶΡ֮ʧΪĹŷҲԸˮŶΡⱾؼó˷⡶ˮŶΡҪ̫ߡ
ҪѰʦܹöˮŶΡⱾؼѰѰʦǵõˮŶΡⱾؼǧ꣬Ҳһ
ΪˣĹŷܹˮŶΡﲻ֮
УѰʦҲͿܹΣΪμһλ棬ҲĶΰˣδ͸ؼľ衣
ĹŷҵĺʸûС
ȻĹŷҵ桰족ȴǳɹβΣ
ܹˮŶΡⱾѰżΣ׳٣νǰ޹˺ߡ
ݹ飬ܹѰһϸµν޼
죬ƽײβһؾбչ£ֻڻĹŷĹؼʱ̣Ż¶
һΣĹŷҲΪҵһаżıأ¹ش󣬲Ż᳢Źͨ棬ĹŷΪѰʦܹأĹŷҵżڡ
һգĹŷҵһڸ߲㳤ϣڼ׵Ĵ£˻̳УڴصȺϢ
ʮ֮ǰĹŷҵĳϣڻ̳к죬ӵϢԸصĻôһ¶
̳һټԲγȣ˴䣬˵Ļڳڲϵش
ʱ˼ڻ̳ڲȴûһ˸Ҵ˵һƳʥһ£ׯϡ
ʱһһţȥˣڷΪ첻صʱֻ̳ڲһУȻ䱦ʢһӰƾճ˵֮С
ǿ쿴ˣ
̫ˣˣһܹҵżڣ
Ĺŷҵһڸ߲㣬һֵ̳Ӱ鲻ԽػȸԾ
ӭ棡
ӭ棡
ڼ׵Ĵ֮£ڳһڷҸ߲㣬׷ϯضͶش
ⴹ䣬һӰ˵֮С
˾ǣ֮еӰеŷǳķ˻һ׷ͯյߣƼͶ֮䣬һƮƮɵĳ֮ˡ
ʵϣǰߣȫڣͷ棬ǼûϴһɢŴ̱ǵĶ
˹űһ¶˶Ļưʮˡ
ģĶ˵̬
ֱ֮ؽֵؤ˶ö࿴һۡ
棬ôһģˣ
ΣЩԼ˫
ķҵӣҲɫŹֵض졣
˵ʵڳУָʱ򣬾ٹܣײβҲֻѧʱڣһˡ
ԣڳˣ̫ʶģϢ
Ҫǰˣеشӻ̳רͨгڳķˣû˻ὫǰؤԺյѰʦϵһ
ߣСһûϹʲôҴӸػþ˹֪ôΪ˳ɹ붨һͻƿѾķ˾Űʱ䣬ѾҪ󹦸ˣû뵽СӸˣд
ǲһĽͣͳͳΣǧ̵ֿĥ
΢΢һ̹ǵĿ⣬Ʒĵһ˵ϻ˸εѣз
û뵽ѾչؾŰˣѹڣͷ棬Űʱ䣬Ĳ˿£¶³ˡ
ʲôȻ˵֮ǰɹ붨Ҫƿ߶Σѵ˵ѾˡˮŶΡеĵ߶ΰ𣿡
˵ǻĹŷδĸ֣ɵøпǧԭǻĹŷҵĵ̣ԶԶֹ濴ôǳ
ϯضһڷҸ߲㣬һʱ䰵۷׷ס
ǰڣͷߣȻȫɢŶжϣȫһ龳ĸ֡
ңѰϵ裬ݹ壬ҲûмܹᲢۣ˵Ѱ̩ɽ
Ⱥǰķף˫ֱȭ칰˹֣棬һ֮ԺΪҵһصż



1517 
ʲôؾ
ߣʲôؾֵ˴£ϧϹŶӱչлѣ
һĲã˫֣
棬һҵżӦһżǻɺпǴ˵еаż
һһʮ
ţ
㡭ղ˵ʲô
ԣ첻ɵǰһȫ鲻ԽزǷ˵żңпܾа۵ż
һĭ·ҵ´½һ˷ܵ㵸
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ζ̽Ѱһżû뵽ôõһᣬȻҵǰ
ֻҪʩչѰɹż֮УҵѰ϶ܹٳ߸ͷһ˵һͻΣ߶εżҲпܡ
˫ֲЦ
ٿЦȻֹͣתͷ˫һضŷףߴٵŸʲôǸϽǰżҪúʩչһȭţ
һ˵żЩȲ
棬ǡѾϯӷϴ㿴Ҫϴһǰ̤Ҳ٣
һԥεسһ䡣
ţ
ҽӷϴ
ԣ첻ɵһͷһڵԼεԴһӣʩչ峾ʱһȫ΢΢һ̼䣬ɢ١ԭͷ棬ڵ棬գۼһķ٣ֳһһĲ˿ۣЩ˵ģˡ
ֻһ죬¶˶Ļư˴θڡ
Ҫ˵ľΪ˵ǻû׵ˣǻûһεſҲ׾ٵ顣
ǣȴԸô
ʵϣʿѾٿˣ׷Ȼʡ
ݣ䣬ֻʣŻưܺÿ񣬾ıò
ֱò棬άֳģΪ˵Ҫǰٳ߸ͷһ̤벻𾳽磬ϴĵıؾ֮·
˵ˣ署ǿʳǿΪòûֵһᡣ
ˣѾϴˣǿԳˡ
Ǳ֮һ˫˸˸ŹؿףȲشߴ
桭
˵ǻҪ˻֮ܳҪ㻹Ȳμᣬζȣȸ̶֮١
ĵȰ˵
ʲô֮⣬㻹Ԯ
ԣüͷһ¶һ˼ı飬ޱȵ˵ǻ֮
ݹ飬Ѱϵ裬ܹҸһˣ޼գЩҪôѻΪ˿ݹǣҪô伣ˣĪΪƾҷѰ޷ҵżڣ
컰һת䷢ʡ
׶ʱпһϢŭҲǿѰպգ֮Уû˸Ѱһϸ£һΣ֮ԻԮΪڴ֮ǰҸȷǷԼأѰҵżڡԣΪȫ׼
ޣҲҪĽڡ
ҡҡͷԵЩͷţھҪǰżʲôԮǼȥɡ
һ٣ȻһζСӣǴ˵еż̲ĵرѵҪ˷һ
ԣһһʱЦѡ
棬һԮͷСϺҵļľڡԼԸ׷ڡ
ϺңǺǣ˵ǸѰҰˣǻĹŷҪһľʲôͷҾȻû˵϶½Сǰȫʸָֻš
ûнϺľڷ
ǣľڵд˵еġ챦̡ҾáЩģæ˵
Ȼûȷ׵Ļ˵꣬һ֣˷׵ĻһǲõЦݣСӣղ˵ʲôϺҵľڣŴ˵еġ챦̡
ص˵ͷ
ã̫ˣ
챦̣ζҪõıҪܹռΪУĿˡ
СӣϺҵľˣû챦Ȼ׸ңһͣ
˴˫֣¸¸µعЦ
ԣڳķˣȫһԼĶ䡣
ûĹŷҵ棬ȻһſھҪǿȡᣬĶǺ棿ֱħˡ



1518 ʷצ
ϢһϣЩʹȥ
棬ϺǻĹŷһܣѡΪɣôܹĿŵǿȡأ
ƲƲ죬ǰ棬Щ޼ƿʩ
ԭѣŪˡ
ڳһڳͶĹЩεڨڨһЦһȻˣҾΪѵصȴϺҵʱζҪ챦̰һ
Ȼˣֻǽ裬
ţϺΪǵѣӦòܾգ
һڴ׵ˡ
ڳһڸ߲㳤ϣȫûطһۡ
챦̣Ϻҵ֮ô׾ٵó˰棿
չ̫ˣΪʶˡ
׿ɲҽĵĻ˵ܻ֮£ٶҪ󷢱ָϺң챦̡
棬롣
״죬Ż̳Χȥһ¥֮УڲѰں˾ϯζȣɽ亣ζӣ˹ǿһۣ鲻Խؿˮֱ
ãóԣ
¸¸£ұչ̫ãѲûˡ
챾Щ겻ȲҪ챦ż뱦϶ѻɽζʱʱеĲȫ׵˾⣬һ˵ϣҲƵغԺ
תۼ䣬ֹȥʱ䡣
һգո
Ĺŷҵıڲ켱͵شߴ죬ͷ㣬ղʷצƣǳݡ
ѾԺҹȫûҪͣ˼һ߳ţһߴߴϲˡ
һԵķ׵ˣȫɵˡ
Ķһõ˵̬
ֱһĶ
ͷѾҪûˣʷצ뱱ƵĿҲˣҪǰٶȥºܿǿʳĶҪһˡ
һɬ˷׵ǰ
̧ͷһںԺȫ˵죬εҡͷһЦж϶ٰգʳĹˣ΢һƷʳġ
ܹĶǶʳģÿһȣ̺ųԣֵǣȥΪ̲
ͨ˵һʿһҲֻ̲ܳˣõü¡ٶ࣬пΪ̫ڳӯ
죬ȴͣغԺȣȫûҪͣ˼
Ȼۣȴֹ棬ѵҲͰˣһ쳳ҪȥżѰ׿ɾ鷳ˡ
ϾϺ𽣶ûе룬ײܹԶš
ڣʱ֣һɱ룬ϯض򣬹Ϻҵļľڣǧ
ľô
ײɵдϲվԳӭӡ
ĹŷҵϿգľǧˣնȥȫװĻ֮ʿ
ľ֣ˣʧԶӭˡˡ
һڳϣӭǲЦݡ
֣õˡ
ľڵͷһЦʵûУ
ҡҡͷû
ľڵ˵ͷײһ֮С
ľ֣ȺҴһˡص
˭
ľЩɶͷԡ
ǻĹŷҵ桮졯һ
ʲôǷҵ죿
ľԲɵʧ
ĴһѰʦ֪ǿѰ̩ɽ֮죬ν׹
ÿһѰʦζܹϷһ棬õϤָ
û뵽ľھȻл˵е졣
˵лĹŷҵʧˣ˵Ѿˣ˵ǱչǱˣ˵ĺȥˣһ㡣
գܹһ棬Ҳǵ֪ࡣ
һλĹŷΪ˽żѪˣϧ伣ɽ
ľмȼ˷ܡ
ܿ죬żľڣڷ׵֮£һڲһ̧ͷͿһ̰ͣرһ޴Ʒ˺ͷɵɫһЩԼ۾
εڨڨһЦɿһѵ棬ҽľִˡ
ԣǳһȻһ˿ؿҧеƣľһʱЩ޴롣
ܿͽбŵһֻ޴Ƹ̳ԸɾһĨͺͣľһЦ¶ŽСӣ˵챦̣棡



1519 нл
ԣľڲɵΪ֮һʱЩ޴վԭء
챦棿
仰Ŀд˵д⣬ἰһҳݵ֥С¡
ľڵĶУȴ·ƽؾһεΪ֮һ
棬⡭²̫գ
ľһˣСز̽·ߡ
ò˵Ļ˲ᡣ
챦̣ѰѨıʿҪõ䱦
쿪ľҪ챦̣˵ǽ棬龳ĸ֣ʥľڣҪһ󾳽磬һǿĨȥ챦еѪ֮񣬽챦̾ΪУôľƱؽ׷Ī
ģľһɲԤ
ѵ˵׸ûзаżеһУΪ˽ľƭĹŷңӶȡ챦̣
ǡ
Ĺŷҿɣôɳɥ飿
ľЩţǷǳġ
㣿ʲôģ
ǵգЦģ湻ˣһỹġ˵һȻģ
ľɫһʱŭӿҪ쭡
Ϻҵ֮ȻҪó÷쾡ذ棬Ҫȷ湻ԭ黹
δҲЩ̫ˡ
ľϢŭ
һβһЦǰȰ裬չ̫ãƢԹŹ֣ûҪ챦̾Ϊе˼ð֮ϣ㲻Ҫȥ
ľҧҧ޿κε̾Ϣһ׻˵²òͷľѾ뻢Ѩֱ龳ĸֻעţҪ쭣Ҳûʵ
֮£ľֻõԼ̧̬ͷ칧ع˹֣棬ҪһΪ죬ô͵ǽż֮˵ʱһ챦ٻ澡档
ľʩչһսȽż˵
Сǳ
ľڵȻǳޣ¾ͰһҪѿжѿǺǣƾϺҵѰ챦֣Ҳδܹҵżڡ
ʱ򣬻ҷԳ
Դޡ
ľڹվһԣԡ
ʦֶȻϺҵѾˣǸϽ·ա
±ƻˣЩͷʼͣشߴ١
棬ǻһûе롣ڨڨһЦεͷ
ʲô
һ
첻ɵΪ֮һʵǺηʥȻ˴ļӣôɵȣ
ǡ𽣶Ž塣֧֧
Ž壿
첻ɵһŽȻǻĹʮеһĴڣ֪ŽǴ˵еķ壬û뵽һȻдˡ
Ž壬ɹ䣬ң츳ѪΪڡ֮ǰаսУŽ嵥ǹƥԲڤʣɹؽˮн˳ȻֻԪ磬սѷɫκһʥ
æؽ׵һϵй¼Ȼûȷ׻䣬Ͳͷذ˰֣ߵһѰֻǻȭȣĶܸѰᲢۣҿǻǲõˣڣ֤ɹ
һԪŽ壬ҹʸûУ
һıģȫûн׷
Ҳѹ֡
ǽˮŶΡε֮ӣ飬ܹᲢ۵Ѱʦ޼
ȻӵŽʣǣѰϵ裬Ტۡ
⡭
ԷҪ󣬼ײЩΪѣ΢һԴ֮󣬲޿κε棬˵ŽͷɲСĿɽλػߵ²ˣǿɲ׵
ʲôŽĿɽλػߵĴˣ
ԣ첻ɵÿһĭһ˫۾ɵúһ
λػߣȻİ֪λػ߿ǳԽۼĴڣһֻѾ̤ɰ֮еİɡ
׵ĿɽλػߣôٿĿˣҲҪһЩ
ϾλػߵǰĹŷްԣûʲôƿԡ
ֻҪλػԸ⣬ַӾͿԽĹŷҳ״ݻ١
û뵽ŽȻĻԵˣȻ˵еλػߣĿɽ
üͷһľĻôһż̽ͱ÷ǳˣǸüһãη䱦һ׵Ĵ⣡



1520 ٰ
ģѾȫźˣȻΪȴֵѣҵаżҲᷴĿɳ𡣡
ʮֵš
ţ
ѾȫźˣһƣôսƷģ
ԭ˵˭ҵı͹˭СҪͬʱֵıôƽ֡
׵һЦ
ۡ
䣬ЩһѪ
㡭ڸҿЦ𣿽սƷƽ䣿߳ŭתͷȥưܵķһҵشϢŴ괭ͣ
һܼӣʦֽ֮λҷϹˡ
ĩˣһֺɸֵĿǺݺѵס
׶ͷ亹ˢˢ£εվԭأɫҪѿжѿ
׺ôҲһ֮ƽܵ˾λȨأȴһ˴СһĹѪͷ
ľڱ˫֣վһԹۣûһ˿Ҫ򱧲ƽЩֻζ

ʱһɱڣ׵ǰϯض򣬹ŽŽ𽣶ˡ
Ŷ
ô̫ˣ
˵ţľһЦӭ׵ĵ
ߣҵҪλػ߱ӻ֮ӣǷͷۣһڱ֮УЦ
ĹŷϿա
״ǧھӣȫװֳַӣʿǡ
壬ˣǵȵúࡣ
壬ãһһˡ
ľЦӭǰȥ
ݼλǰ
׹Ҿûʧ̧ͷмһ˿죬һˣ
ǻĹŷҵ졣
ľںĽ͵
죿
΢΢üٲȻȫûӡ
㲻ʶãһ
һãȻ֪ı飬ʱЦͽǻĹŷҵ浱һĸͯͳˡ
˼ص˵ͷ
ǰһҲҪһͬѰôʵ
׵ͷǻĹŷУѰϵΪڵһˣܹõĶѰҵżڵϣ
ԣ˼ص˵ͷ
ܿ죬ڷ׵֮£һ񹤡ıǰվס˽š
ǽ𽣶ĵȺҽȥˡһ
׵˵ͷĵʹһɫ
£ڽ𽣶ǧڵӣȫͦ뻮һĿбӣһǽܹѵĻ֮ʦ
ڷ׵֮£״ǵز˴ڲһ̧ۣͿһͣһʷצͷ̰ؿеʳҪ໬ж໬
ʷצķ죬ע⵽˽뱦ף΢΢̧̧ƤĿһɨͷԹԵеζƺôס
׶ʱЩΣ޴վԭأصȴŷƷеζ
ԶľҡͷһЦȻ׵ĴѾʵˣҲΪ⣬ûΪܵ
ʱһһţ˾ǣԭҪķ죬ʱƺǼһķ˰ʱʱ䣬ŽеĲʷצȫ̹⡣
֣֮ɾ죬վŷһ䣬ˣǳգ
׳һȵþһ仰ϲЦտ
ľһۣȫЩЦáǶûеָڼӣֻǽеĲǿѹȥװûһڷ׵ҡ
ţ
˭룬ûȷסľ߼׾͵תһϡŹֵضľףĳ˭Ǹˣ
סľȫΪ֮һ㶡
Լõġľæ
ǺǣҲйʲôԼֻǣд㣬ҪǵİԣǴĶͻĶȥա
ƽÿһÿһ仰絶һʹľڵࡣ
ʲôǧȻŸˣ
ŸҲˣȻˣǿ벻̣
ľȫɫϣȭͷֱ졣
桭
ûϵ˵Ļǰһ˾ʮȣһؿ졣
Ȼûзڵ˼ڷ׵Ӷ
棬ǲͬýľͬǰżҲȥˣۿûзڵ˼
㡭
첻ɵϢһϡ
Ҫǲ̣ô֪żںδԣҪ״·С



1521 ٻ
ߣ˵ûиǻᡣ
޿κ֮£ֻЭһתľЦһڣҾǵĽ²һٻҪܹһʱ߳Ҿ׼ͬǰ
˵ţһӣһԿĵ졢顢áʯһһ׷ɶڷĲٿ֮£ܿʹľΪģһٻ
ڲĹУһ㵸дʣ㲼һյĹһ˫֣ͺһˣ
䣬һ졢ʯƾ۳һٻô
ʱĿһĻƾճľڵǰ
ӡǰ磬һƬããƲƵƶһֺ׹̲֮У˲ɥʧ˷λУ֪ںδ
ʲô
ƺ׹˻þ֮У
ľڵͺһתͷҪкףȻһ̣ľĿǣߵλãԭվŵĵطտյûһӰ
ãþʮָ߶ˣԽֱʿʶ֮УʿʶȫڻþУ޷йͨϵ
ľΪѰҵһ֮ϺΪһѰʦ֮һ£־ʩչѰʼŴӻþ߳
ľڱѰѰʦ֮оǳ͵ģԣھܵ£ľڲ׼챦̡
ףԹԵվԭأ˫Ŀ񣬴ֶ˵ĸо˵Ѿȫʶ֮Уѡ
磬֮ĵطףԼĹŷҵһڸ߲㳤ϣϺ𽣶һھӣȫĿ˸˸ضŰٻ󣬴Ҵ
棬ٻʲôĻ󣿡
װΪľһѺʵ
ٻ󣬿ҡˮŶΡؼеεһƷһٻ֮Уһ˲ϰٸͬʱǧܹ⸡ǰҪӰٻѰѨϵ裬ҲҪﵽѰʦĵز
ؽٻ
ͬʱһӣϾͳһ㣬ͷʼȼա
һʱڣľȻ޷Ӱٻгôˡ
ʱ򣬷׾ľ飬Ҳûˡ
Ͼٻ޷ƣ͸ܹѰҵżˡ
һʱ䣬ȫΪ֮𾪡
ʲôٻ󣬾ȻǡˮŶΡؼеεһƷּĻ󣬾ѰʦڶʱҲܳɹӣĴʮֿǣ
ϰٸͬʱǧܹͬʱǰ£¾ɣҲգ
ҿûģǹҪϺ𽣶ࡣ
ڳһ˵ȣȫĵΪľװһѺ
ʱһһţľڲϵʩչ洫Ѱϵس߳󣬵ǣÿľߵһʱ򣬾˻ңǿʼԭȦתԭ·أԹ۵ʮϧ
ףȻһվԭأһľ׮һȻ
棬ܹͨ˵ļж󣿡
ۿŰѾˣĨĨͷĺ飬תͷЦķ졣
һЦ¶ŽĻưľȻǸѰʦѰϵ裬ƾѰҪͨϵѰҳ·ҲҪµʱŹ
ϾҪӰٻ߳Ҫʮ˲ÿһߴһߴҪͷҪʮϿ
԰ػش
䣬Ϻ𽣶ˣЩڵء
ΪѰʦľڣҪѰٻҲҪµʱ䣿
ǣ޶ʱ䣬ֻһ㡣
ʣľҪƾԼѰѰٻǲ̫ܵġ
棬Ҫľڶ챦̵Ļأɹļʻ᲻ֱ
׸ɿһʵ
Ҿ˵׼ˣϾֻ˵챦̣챦̵ƷʣδĿùԣϹ¡
Ҹҿ϶ǣľҪӰٻ߳һᶯ챦̵ģʱȻҲܹ۸һ
թһЦ
棬ǡĳɹж󣿡
תͷһȻվڰٻڲһף¶С



1522 
壿
ԣͶһףЦһ岻ֻһԪСѰϵ裬˵ͼӰٻ߳ˡܹڰٻдһʱ䣬Ѿǳˡ
ţ
棬Ϊʲôô˵һĹŹ֡
Ҫ֪ҵİٻ󣬻ͬһʱûϰٸþǧ⣬Щ˲ʿʶʥʿڰٻдˣпܻͷʹѣʶ壬ֻһԪСʶͬʱ֮пܻ᲻ظʶѣӶһغ
ҺãǸ֪֮ļһûóȻ߳ٻ󣬷ĻÿһʶҪܵѹҪһһҪ˼ʱ䣬ͻ᳹ױΪһɵ֮ˡ
΢΢°ͣһ԰
棬ôʵ̫Σˣ
壬ǿܵģһ֮ΣͷǻĹŷûа취λػ߽
״ʧɫ֮ݡ
ģٻҵƿ֮£ý֮ǵġֻҲý崹Ǹ߹ͷ­ģһ뵽λػӻģҾĪĻϲ
Цֹ
Щ
û뵽֮Բðٻ󣬾Ȼôԭ
ĵԭ򣬾Ҫһɣľڸ֮߳֡ôԭܼ򵥣ǲҪ𽣶Ϻҷżеıء
Ͼ쿴ҵżڣѾǰ϶ˡ
ľڣǵ棬ңռݾıأǷܹܵġ
⣬ðٻ󣬻ܹľе챦̸ƳӶһ۸
֮ǰľڽ챦̣ľڸһھܾ÷ЩҲסڣһֱӽľڵ챦̸ƳҲǸԼһ˳ӡ
󣬻ӵǿɽļһ¸߹ͷ­ģġ
ò˵Ȼ񲣬ճɵɵȴһ峺͸Ǹ
ǿ쿴в֮һʱˡ
Ȼ˾һ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؿȼյֻʣСص㡣ʱϺ𽣶ˣȫҽͷ৶䡣
챦̣
ʱڴһĻƾӡ˵֮С
ٻڲľڵͺһֱһӴ̻Ӱ̻ӰͨڣŨīȾʯīһƾճľڵΧľڵ壬ȫں̵ĺĲλֵһǣ֮ϣǧֹϲƵķģ̵תϵתֻһۣͷĿѣĸо
챦̣
ľڣڽ˵е챦̸ٻô
ȫ־ϲһɴţۣһգգضǰľ
Ӧֻ챦̵ʵ壡ǼˣѾǳֲˣ
΢΢˫ض챦֮ϲʺٲһķģһʱĳȡ
ΪѰʦȫ֪ϲʵķģڷŰٻĳڡ
һɹݳ·ľڽѴ֮˳Ѱٻ
ҾͲţҴٻ󣡡
ڲľٻ챦̵壬ʼһߴ߶챦·ߣһ߰ݳȷ·ߣһһС߶š
ৡ
ʱ˵ĿУľھһǵˣһһӡСŽŲԻȽĽŲӰٻôĺĴسΧش
Ϊ˵е챦̣ȻֻǶһ壬Ѿܹڶʱڿưٻ󼶱Ļ˲𣡡
ľ챦̣Ҫ˶ãܹɹѰٻ˳أ
ص³һ챦̵̰
ľͨˣӦûʲôˡ
һţĿվڻһϣһνҪ˳أǲ̫ˡǣҽ֮⣬ƺЩ
һǰԵ죬һǷֵֵף˭׶ܡ
ʱһһš
ڣֻʣ֮һʱƾ챦̵ָľ˳شӰٻ˳˳ͨ˿ˡ
֮յسɹˣ
ľڴӰٻ߳Ȼȼյ̴㣬ص³һɤ۵࣬ء
̫ˣ˳ͨ˿ˣǸϺʣҲûĹŷϺҵѰǳصģ
ֻǴ߶챦̵壬˳ͨ˿ˣʵʵ󡣿±Ҳضˣ
ӣٵ̱Ҳ޻˵˰գ
ڳϺҵˣһʱ件裬ȺϵΪľڵ˳ض⡣
棬㻹ʲôҪ˵
ľڴǵǰ΢΢°ͣԴƵҪǻиΪ߶˵Ļ󣬾ܲóһʱ߳
һЦԴοľڵļѰν¯࣬ǳڣڳˣȫѾˣ֮һѰ֮ãٲҪʱ򣬻ϣ㲻Ҫܾ
컰һת˲佫ľڴӵжԵӪ£ͬһӪ֮Уʼ£飬ٶȣȷ黹졣
ף廹ڻ֮У
Ϊνһ
ľ΢΢һЦٶԣתͷأվڻһףɵôʧɫ

䣬ȫһÿһͶ׵񣬶һ˿֮ɫȻڳ˶Ѿ֪׽Ϊ췢йŭĿˡ



1523 췴ת
桭
һؿ죬ŷ̧ܹ֣һȻƺ˳Գȣһٴס
֮£ֻðɢʶŹٻڲס
׽ƫִԸ񣬷һ˵ϵɽ»𺣣ҲԸġ
ǣٻ󣬶ֻԪ˵ʵ̫ˣпһ嶯֮ǡ
ԣ׼еҪ׽йͨ׷أ䣬һȻ棬ܹԱ
Ȼڷ׵ʶո̽ٻΧʱ׵ʶͺһռڲڲһ
ףô£
һ
֣㲻Ҫٰ׷ˡ
Զľڲ׵ľٶʱ̾ٻǼΪ߶˵Ļʶо̶󣬸Ǵ粽С
ָʶָ·ˡľڵ
ɫ԰ֽ
ľ֣Ѱʦӵ챦֣ν绢֪ܷ߳ٻ󣿡
һεؿľڡ
ľ޿κεҡҡͷٻֱÿһʿʶ໥֮䣬޷ֱӽ빵ͨġ
ԣȻҿԽٻУٰȻ߳ǣһٻڲǲһո¶İ磬ԱѾǳѣûа취ҵ塣
ľ΢΢̾Ϣ
ǺãΪ׵ֵܣһԼֱš
СվԭһܹܵؽͻʶѹȣǣҾԲ㰲ȻسŹһʱġ
ҪİҸе֡
һζؿٻеףΪͺǿһͷ׸ĸ
䡭
ܿ죬һͺУٻڲǧٸþƸӰһ׵ʶ
һĻĹڣȫһ
ÿһʿ֪ٻĴ߶֮£Ѿֱ߷˺ü
׵ĴνˮȣΣ

ʱȥˡ
˹нŵĿУվڻףȻһţûһǵس
˾ǣ׵ĲݶᶨͥŲģͺԼҺ԰ɢÿһ֮ǰСľһޣ߳ȷ·ߡ
һĻΧȺڵУһ˳Ȼ󲨡
ţŽƺҲɹˣĻΪʲô֮شӻ֮߳
Ű̶ֳȵİٻ󣬾ʥĸ׹У֮Σû뵽Ȼ׾ٵؿˡ
岻ֻһԪʿȻѰʦľڶҪȻǹ仨԰һɢŲʹӰٻ߳ˣһ
˹ŵĿ֮У׵ݵشӰٻ˳
һĻ󣬺ذըÿһĿõʿȫţһʧͷƤը
⡭⾿ô£塭Ȼ˳شӰٻдˣ
۾𾪵ضס
ܣԲܣ
ľǰռһɴһţۣѰʦƾԼѰ޷Ӱٻдƾ챦̵ĸ˵شسɹȻ츳׿ǣѰƺûزܹѰʦᲢۣ
ΪҵֳܹΣ֮ʱ޾漣
˷ܵ㵸
ǺǣŪʲô˲Уƫƫһҡ
ǰһȫףΪһЦޱȵ⣬ν̴Ҫ֪ҵѰۣܹһϣһõּİٻȻܹסѰʦȴ޷סҡ
ҪѰұѰʦԶˣҵרڿƻȻҪֵöࡣ
׵ЦǵһĿ࣬Ƥ졣
˹ŹֵУһЦΪسҡҡָЦһ棬Ҫ뿼ңҲóһּĻǰֱͺСӹҼһûս
㣬㡭
촽£ݺݵضҫףһʱ侹ЩԶԡ
˻
ͬʱȫһƬȻÿһʿ׿ԿקըΪסˡ
ףֻһԪСǾΪѰʮǧһˮƽϵĴڡ
ûϵǣݵ΢ףȻ̷Ļǳӣһ
ȫǳص



1524 

ɲǼ䣬ڳʿȫˢˢתͷĿͶ죬׼Ц
Ĺŷҵ죬ԼѰܼһͲһٻҪΪľס
˭룬ľѰʦ˳سɹѰСҲ׾ٵشسɹˡ
ǣСڷİٰ֮£ȻͥŲذ˰ٻ֮󣬻İٻһǴ
ùΪ̩ɽķ죬ֳǰˣǰɳ̲ϵľУϻģ޲һطȥ
ԹӢ۳꣬˳ϲҡ
׺ѵУһ͸ıԭĵж̬ȣϼһĨЦ׵ļ򣬵壬ܹԪ磬ʹҵİٻֱ߳漣
Ҹҿ϶Ѱϵ츳ǰ޹˺ߵģ
ֻҪԸϯض򣬰ΪʦôҾͻΪͽӽȫȫָѧϰһĹŷҵѰò˶ãܹΪѰʦڣˮŶΡⱾؼڸ㣬⡣
Цеؿף񵥴ֿͺǺͯİߡ
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ÿһʿԼĶ䡣
Ĺŷҵ죬ȻҪΪ״ӣңҪ׽ΪѰʦŵǣȻҪĹŷҵѰؼˮŶΡڸף
һʲô٣
Ҫ֪ǻĹŷҵˣҲδʸˮŶΡⱾؼ
ο׸ǻĹŷҵˣֻһ˰ˡ
һʱ䣬ȫ𶯣ϺҵˣǻĹŷҵĵӣȫһĽʺ޵ס
źκһʿϣŶԥصͷӦˡ
ϣû뵽֮ǰԽٰ棬һת˰УҪΪŵӡ
ƢԹŹ֣һ׽ʲô鶼ó˵ȻѰڣûչͽءܹΪĹŵӣô̸۱Ļı־Ҽһˣ
һ֪ôسɹģȻ춼̲סҪˡ
ҪܹΪĹŵӣ˯ҪЦˡ治֪ΪʲôҪԥ
ڳһʿȫΪĽؿס
Ϊŵӣ
ңҪҽѰʦ
ڣҪˮŶΡⱾؼڸһˣ
ɫٿȻ䣬ԼĶ䡣
ԭΪԼһСķ죬뽫׳˺˭룬ǵûһŭֺ֦ס
׷ǳӦ
³
ûбͻҸиͷԣһ˼⣬ожϣĹŷҵѰ⴫˻Ĺŷҵ棬֪ܲӲԹ涨ǣȻҪΪͽп϶è塣
һʱ峺ŵǣȻҪҽѰʦҪˮŶΡڸңǸҹһõͼϣܹȦ֮С
ǡ
΢΢üΪĹŷҵ棬һԾŶ׷ĴӦΪĹŵˣһ޷ڡ
ŷΪͽҲὫĹŷҵѰڸңὫˮŶΡøҲ򡣡
֮ҪΪͽһĳֲɸ˵Ŀġ
һˣһ֮ҵͷе˳ͷȫӭжˡ
ˣҸղʩչѰۣ˰ٻһ˷ţһѰ˳ԵˣһеҪ֪еء
ǣֱӵңҾԲὫƹڡ֮£׾ֻгŽΪŵӣһֻƽʩһЩССݣܿͿģʱΪʦķҵĵƣȻ֪޲޲
еһţȫ͸׵ףɵһƣΪζؿ¶ŻưЦķ죬˼ȻҪҵʦôȵķڷС
һ٣ĿĿУ΢΢һЦʣղƽİٻģҪܹ˵Ȼ̹ڵأΪʦ
ɫһһۣޱԹؿףҲеŭ𣬺޲̷׸̻ˡ



1525 Ȧ
СӣûĹŷҵ棬ҪΪͽǸӣ㵹ãȻҰˣǲ֪ô
ߣȻ㲻ԸΪҵĹŵӣôǿźҪҶ˲ˮҲٿˡ
챻׵Ļߣһʱ侹ǲ֪Ӧԣֻ޿κεתƻ⣬λߵļˡ
ԣĹŷҵˣʱطˡ
ߣŽǲ֪ôӶҲǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ҿǻĹŷҵĺʥӣǣȻѰϼ츳ǣȴķۣܱΪŵӡҪܹΪĹŵӣѪͳķҺᣬһЦúϲ£죡
ǸҪò˵ǳ֮󣬾Ȼ붼ܾˣǰ
Ⱥָֻš
棬ҼȻһʱ˳سɹؿͬǰѷ죬Ѱż˰գ
һüƹ
ߣȥҲ޿á
ƫͷȥƺö࿴һۡ׵ҪȴĬˡ
Զսսķףһ˵һ£ʱϲЦտǰԲ˵һͨû֮󣬿ʼ
ܿ죬ڷ׵ٻ֮£Ĺŷҵǧھ˼ϣ龳ĸ֮⣬ʥĺĳϣνݺ
һߣϺҵ𽣶ĵӣҲԼ롣
ˣͳȡҵżڡ
һӣٻһʱһȵزУʼꡣ
ӪˣƳˮһӿʱ֮Уֻһ¡¡ȼ豻һա
ͬʱʱеȺһ֮£ƾʧ١

һת֮סӡȥԿ춼糱ɳʯγһ˳ϯǿգǳƯǿ֮УεΪ׳ۡ
ĿԶؿһɲĺڶǿյΧһȫ֮У߶ڶˣ糱ɳһͱɣһϹ޵ѪڣѪб
ʲôΪʲôǳȶ
ľڸһǿǿĺڶϯӳԼϣЩëȻ
˾޴ĺڶ׾ܹǧٿǳ龳ĸ֣׹ڶһغûĿܡ
ԣľڿǿĺڶЩľ
ŴҲˣǿյһڶ˵ϵײ־µݱ䣬ջûɺڶġǳΣգ龳ĸֲ׹Упɥ
һһʮؽ
䣬ȫһÿһ²ʿȫε㺮˴ء
֣һβҪһصĿռѷѰżôһΧûппռѷ찡
ľɢʶ̽һΧǿգһ
Ǻǣʵúá
һһָǿĺڶظλ֪żλðɣھ͸ߴңںڶ档
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ÿһ˵ȫΪ֮һɴۣ
ţⲻİգżôںڶ棿δҲ̫ˣ
ڶΣգ龳ʿ׹УпɥҪڶڲؿռѷ죬Է٣
֪ǺηʥżһڶУĻԵû˻ڶܻᷢż
۷׷ס
ʦֶ˵ʲôżںڶ֮У
콣üɫʮϾ
ΪȻص˵ͷĵؽλ赣ǣȻ˵Ǵ˷Ҫؿռѷ죬ǳڶȻںȦΧֻҪʧ󣬲ΪӪӦǲᱻڶеġ
ȻˣΪǳڶȦһǵҪ򱶵ѹҪ׼
˵ţԪӿ֧ų֡
ԭصĿռѷںڶȦԵ
Ҳ·żʿʧ׹Ȧĵù˵شҷżǴѲк󸣡
һλȫԸž޴ѹһһӡظڷ׵󣬲󡣡
Ϻҵˣȫ־ɳǣȫ֣Ħȭƣ׼
ڽ𽣶ĵӣҲʾһӣԾԾԡ



1526 ½
£ڷ׵֮£ϵرȫĵسǿĺڶȥ
ϺҵѰʦǻĹŷҵѰʦȫעһһӡ̤ʵصſռѷ
ԽǿڶĺȦҪܵĿռѹͳֱ
ļǧܿ򱶣򱶡
ʿȫо׹̶󣬾Ͷ㶼÷ǳѡʥʿǺϢء
Ѱʿȫ߶Ԫ࣬ˡ
˵ڶḶ́ȫһ̡
УҼֲסˡ
Ϻҵһӣɫ԰ֽͷ৶䣬һؿľڣҿҪŲסˣܷıһȵѷ죬ٳ
ӵŵʿˣ׷תͷóӡ
ϺҵĵӹȻѷɫĹŷҵһλĮһЦ
ߣС
ôһĥҪǶܲסôδҲ̫ˡ
ľһ̬ȷǳüһ;֮٣ҪһѾͼѰҰô޷𻯷
ڲ㣬ǡǡΪãĥԡ
ľָһһö鵤ӣܹҲֻôˣΪ֮
ԣȻҪߵӣɫ࣬ҲܹľڵıԹԵؽе鵤븹Уʼ̲Ԫܹҵѷ죬ٳֲѹˡ
Ǻǣû뵽򱶵ͽʿĥȥˡ
״ʼգû֧һ֣ƾʥǣ׵ؿס˼򱶵ѹȣµǣһ·ɣĶа㲻ظģ
ȫƽһд⡣
ʿȫðզ࣬ΪһĴָ
𣿡
תͷµŴϢصĽ𽣶һڵӡ
ۣ
ۣ
𽣶ĵӷɽХĺд˸ǿ
ã
ص˵ͷ
ĹŷϺҵˣ𽣶ĵһ־ɳǣȫ̾ѡ£ڵѪҲ׷ˣһҧš
ȻǲۣҾϢһˡ
Ȼһʿ۵ĵڣһӣֱӽһƽٻ˳
𣬺𡭡
ǧѪɫһԿŹϷĵĻƽƾճ˵֮С
ݲϻƽŶȣӱͳһˮѣյƷʳơ
ƽڰѪɫ£һȣŽ𽣶ĵӴ粽ǰ
ַȻ˻ƽˮѣĽˣ
꣬ۻҪˣû뵽ַȻڣ˱ˡʲôʱҪҲһĻƽͺˡ
ҲϻƽϢһϧ֮ǰǶ˲ۣҪϳϢһᱻַһ˵ˣڰﶷ˭ԸԼʿѹһͷԣΪǽ𽣶Ҫ֣
𽣶һڵӣĽŻƽϵףаζӡ
֮⣬ĹŷϺҵһˣҲͶĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬޲ýƽ
ţ
ϵһѪΪ߶˵Ѫɫ
Ĺŷҵ죬һƽİѪɫЩӶɳˡ
ȻѪɫ˸߹ϡе壬÷еǳϡ档
ûѪɫǽİ塣׽͵
Ȼ̫ͨˡ
˫Ź⣬ֹס̾ϧǣҲ̫ϧˣȻø߹Ѫɫ䵱ǻƣ
ое⡣
ڨЦ˼ר־·
ǿ쿴ǰԼĪɵĵطصĿռѷ졣
ʱһһţڣڷ׵ָ֮£̧ͷһмӴռѷ죬ǿ֮С
ֵһǣռѷ죬һȦ֮еģֻһСĿռѷ죬¶Ȧ֮⡣
һΣ˽ռѷ죬ҪȦΧѷڵ½
Ϊ½ǳȦԵʣԣǳΣա
λǰ½ϣͳ˧ͨҪµӰװðһ䡣
½Ȧ̫һȦ龳ֶ֮ݣѰʿܹðճԵġ
ԣͳ˧ʱҪӻµĵˡ
Ȼ
¡¡
һ춯صľ죬˷׷̧ͷԴֻһǵصɳ˳Ȧ֮гײԳڵǿϯ



1527 ľ
ãɳ˳ǵķϯˣ
ˣһȦ룡
˭Ⱦǡ
ʿһӿɳ˳ȫ֣ʧ
ţ
챣µӣ
ס졢ľڵˣһһڵһʱ߶еķҪӲɳ˳
𣬺𡭡
˭룬˾ǵʱ̣һХӰѪɫĿУϯһ磬ϯܿͱóһ磬ӿɳ˳ȫС
ȥԭǵأҪʿȫûɳ˳գۼͱС͵ɢ˿֮Уɳ

ڻƽ֮ϵף赭дΣЩǣеһˮѸУϸϸƷ
䣡䣡䡭
ʱƾձըʧȥǿԵɳ䣬ĿĵƯǿ֮С
˻
һʱ̣ʿȫĿؿƽϵףһզ̾ѡ
Ž̩ɽǰ治ɫܹڵһʱ仯Ϊģ˵Ϊͳ˧
ӽĻƽֻǵΪˣ˧ؼʱ̣ܹóġ
һζ˽壬ʿû
ȫͶȥ˸мĿ⡣
Ĺŷҵĵֿҵı
׳Цŵ˵ͷţתͷһسŷҵ
£Ĺŷҵǧӣȫȴű׵ıС

һӣһεϯֱӽǧˣȫ˱ڲ
һߣϺҵľڣΪҵһ֮ڼյ£ҲûٶϿҪ編Ƶؽ˸˱ڲ
ৡ
ʱ𽣶ǧڣȫεס
ܵ˻ȵĿ⣬ˬһЦζҵı磬ƽһ棿
һ˵Եϻƽ𽣶ÿһӣȫ˫Ź⣬ʮֹ񫡣
Ҫϻƽ
ţҪܹϻƽϹ񫣬ǱڶҲֵˣ
̫ˣҲҪַһϻƽһ
𽣶ǧڵӣԼͬѡ˵ϻƽ
ã
һӣһεֱӽǧڵӸ˻ƽ֮С
ǧڵĵӣһƽ֮УƽϵĹϷľ͹âʢգۼ䣬ƽ౶ǧڵĵͬʱϳ˿ӵ
Сӣʵ̫ˣˣ
бһףһһ
׻˵ľַش֮ףͷ޴棬Ȼ˷ŭ
塣
һ˻ƽķһ½ʱ򣬿ռǳȶҪСģҾΪԷһ㻹ǽµȫ뱦аա
ԣ׵һЦǰģƽйϷļӳ֣аԪ۷徳Ѫɫȫϵǳߡ
˼ص˵ͷٶԣһȵسſռѷķӶȥ
ಣಣ
ľ˽
ǰѪɫĻƽ
ΪռѷһȦеģʱпܻɳ˳ӿռѷ죬˱뾡ռѷС
ԣȥֻס졢ľˣȫΪһ⣬ǿһţһ
ڵĻƽȻǧڣȫһʱ䣬˳˿ռѷ֮С
һռѷ죬˵ǰͲɵΪ֮һڿռѷȻѵҹ飬ɢžӨů⡣
ţ
ռѷ첢ûʲôŹְ
ʩչѰۣһռѷ죬ȥ˶ѵɽɳҲ
С
һȵسſռѷڲӶȥ
ռѷڲȫһС磬˷Уϵسϯȥ󲻶ϵش絶̹ǵ磬Լ糱ɳ
˰ʱ䣬˿ռѷش
˾ǣռѷشһεϣķɳȫ⡣
شĵϣȫһɳ
Ũ
ţŨ̶ȣȻ컯ɾҪŨʮ
û뵽ռѷȻһķˮأ
ľ׸һش͸оһŨӿڱǣ档



1528 
ڿռѷشмٸĹŷƳ۵һȫעš
ڿסľڵ˷˿ռѷ֮󣬻æӭ
ϣһʱڣʲôûУ
׵һЦʵ
ϿɬһЦ޿κεҡҡͷȫһĨϹûһĽչ˵ţתͷע⵽죬ŷϢһʱЩֹ
ȻӷϢжϣƺĹŷһУǣ龳֣ǻĹŷҵĸ߲㣬ϾԲûм
Ŷλ
ǻĹŷҺպ桮졯ǻĹŷΪѰʦ˵ѾˮŶΡβΡ
æ
죿
ǻĹŷҵĴ
̫ˣҵżڵļʣ
û뵽˵ײβ棬񶼳ɽˡ
ٸĹŷҵߣһ˵Ǵ˵е棬æϯض򣬹ع񣬱ʾ𾴡
ݼ棡
ݼ棡
糱
ãúã
ĵõ˼㣬ͷƺãмʶ˵ҷţǾ֮ܡ
ǷģڣһܹҵżڣǾ;ڴա
гİٱ
ٸĹŷҵߣǷҵһֱפصѷܹҵżڡ
ϧһֱûܳɹȻǷǳġ
ǣ
ĹŷҵϣЩؿŻƽϵһȺˡ
׶Ѫɫһצ÷ĸѹ
Ŷǽ𽣶
Цף׻⣬һӣƽ˱УǧڵӣҲѸ룬һѵصģ
λŽ壬һҵԮһؽ
ԭŽ壬Ƕ˵ľ¼ȫһ
ŽȻɹྪ춯صĴ£ǣ˵ײֻԪ磬ѰֲڣΪʲôҪԮ
ǻĹŷѾȫҵżڣ˲֣
ԮĻҵżڣõıҲ϶Ҫ˷ʵ̫ˣ
ĹŷҵļٸߣȫɫŹ֣Щ׾ǷԮ
Դˣ׸ɿ˼ΣĻҲûж˵
λǣ
תͷľڡ
λϺҵļľڣóѰϺΪһѰʦѵõǣ˷ǰ챦̣ͬҼԮ
ЦŽǿˡ챦̡֡
˻
ڳļٸĹŷҵߣȫ־ϲһǰľشк
ʵֻľû챦ֻ̣һѰʦȻҲõ˵أȴܵõ˵׷
챦̡
ÿһѰʦ˵ÿһѰʦܹӵ챦ֻ̣ǿһ۶ʮҸˡ
ľںܿͱ˰ΧЩмܲס
֮£ΧԱߵҪٵö࣬ļλߣǰ״һλػߵ顣
գ
ҵӳ
ܿ죬ѹľףԵ˸ٻ˳
һؿռѷش;ۼˡ
λǾͷɢѰżڰա
һ
á
˭룬û˸ɢͻ˻֣ЦڣֻҪصһھˡ
һʱ䣬һܹҵżڡ
Цʾһǿҵġ
á
ǾĿԴˡ
ľһЦϥһڴؿ졣
ȻӧľҲٶ˵ʲôֻþԹۣȴչ֡
ȣ
Ŀ֮£΢΢һֽ۵½䣬˫վ׮ȵ֮˫ֲϵĴƺʲô
ʲôͨؼһȻҲˮֱӾͿʼݣɶͷԵĸо
ľ磬Ѿȫǵⷶ룬ǻǲҪӴˣڴ㹻ˡ
Ⱥš
ʱһһţ˴Ҵ֮£ĹϷĸֳֶһһͷϸ꣬һⴹ䣬һīڣԼĪһֹͣڡ
ǵ͹żĸӳ̶ȡ
ƣص³һ



1529 ֮
촹ͷɥģڳһ˵ȣȫһһɲԤ
ãƺҲûҵżڡ
涼Ҳżڣôûܹҵżˡ
żصҲ̫ˣǺòҵżȴȥǰצһʹࡣ
ˣһʱ۷׷ס
棬ô
һڴؿ졣
΢΢ҡͷûжϴѷȷΪķˮ󡣵ǲеľʵϣˮƷԶƣһǳĸϴ󡣡
Ӧֻϴеһְˡ
ʮƶ
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʲôѷķˮ󣬾Ȼһϴ󣿡
ѵôѰʦҲżڣԭһֱڹֻ˱ɽһǰˡ
ǸϴĻҪƽɾͷǳˣһһϦܹɹġ
˷׷̾Ϣ
棬˵ķˮһϴ󣿡
׾ޱȵػܣŸϵͭӣʣŸӣǾš
ǡ
һ͵ķˮĻΪʲôֳֻŸӣһУȫ˵ͨ
˵ֶΣǷܹģ˵һһľܹó󣬲ڲϣ󷨰塣
ʱĳһģѹһأһ֮С
͵
ðͷȷ˵ֶΣѰʦܹĦġ
ʱֳյȵףʮֳء
棬жİգܹ󣿡
۰Ͱ͵ؿ졣
󣿡
ɬһЦҡҡͷǽˮ󡷲򵽵ڰ˶Σܹܺܿҵڡ
ڣ¾Ҫķʮˡ
΢΢̾Ϣ
ʮء
˵˵̡̲
һʱ䣬۷׷ףɫӡ
ʿ˵ʮزֻǵָһ˲ֻҪܹ˳ҵڣȫȵ𡣵ǣȻ˵Ҫʮأÿһ˶֪ǲǷڸԼ̨°ˣ˵ʮأҲδܹɹ
棬ҪǳŴݻһţǲлὫ۵ķλҳ
ָָܵľŸͭӡ
ԣһЦЦżңˮǸʹ󣬼ȻǸʹ϶ٲйҪǵҹˮţ³һǳҡ
˵ˣƾǵܷͭӣ˵ء
Ц
ɫΣʱĬ·ա
ľ֣챦ѰѨ˵ܹҵڡ
׿ľڣû뵽ϣ죬Ȼûܹɹһҵżڡ
ڳ˴ʧ
֮ǰһг̬Ŀû뵽һת۾ǰˡֻܽϣľڵϡ
ϣĿУľڵ˵ͷվȺ롣
ľڣһ䣬ˮƷԶ֪Ȼ챦֣ҲҪעھİѿأþ͸֧
첻̲طһ䣬˫֣Թۡ
ľ΢΢һЦ죬һֱӽһ̴С̸ٻ˳ȥֻһϲɣ̣ľڵ֮Уһ֣ͱƣһ֪Ǹر
ৡ
ʱڳʿȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿľе챦̡
챦̣ѰѨıÿһѰʦıǵһο࿴ۡ
챦ôþıƺ̺ǧָķ֮顣
һȥɵ󶯡
˵ףѰѨĶ֮ÿһѰʦѰѨʱƾľǶڸַ⡣
ͺд£ѧʣһͯдǳֱף̸ʲôѧʡԣͯһո˲£ǲһڵĴѧʿסģǷѧʿգҪɬӵö࣬ͯҪƽˡ
Ҳһ
Ǵ˵еˣΪڳʿܹᲢ۵ġ
ľе챦ڲȴ̲ǧƷ׼ߵķ֮顣
֮ⷨ飬ͷ󣬾˵ǻĹʱķ֮飬ÿһ̺֮ķ壬ԶԶѰʦıѧ
һЩ̺֮İ壬춼
˵챦̣ǧٸѰʦڰæѰѨһ
Ȼˣ챦еķ֮飬߶ʹ߶ģҪ֮ʮ֮һ壬ܹ߶֮ѰѨ
ľȻ챦̣ܹ߶ķ֮飬Ҳֻǧַ֮еİٷ֮һˡ
ңһЩƷԵӵķ֮顣



1530 Ѱʦ
˳һŹ
ܳضһС
ȶڴĿУľ챦̣һ׸̲ڸ˼׷ɣƮƮ֮С
ͬʱī챦ڲ䣬ǧĴз׷ɶдСһֻֻɫʰ쵵ĺ·ɣľڵ
ʱľڵӰ֣һɲ⣬׽ĸо
쿴ľ챦еһ֮飡֮ⷨɢķİƷ׾Բ֪ܷͣƽ⸴ϴ󣬳ɹҵżڡ
˵У챦ڲ̲ǧַ֮飬ֱһƶıءЩ֮ƷףѰʦľڵôرֻҪϴĦѧϰ챦̺ķ֮飬пܽѰһܼĳ̶ȣ
ʲôʱľܹ߶һѰʦķ֮飬ôϺƱؽΪһ𴫳оԶĻĹҲضá
۷׷ף챦̵棬ȫ޲ڡ
ȣ
ľ챦̣Ųתһַǳ̬ţȫ߶֮£챦еķ֮ɢʼƽ⸴ϴѰżڡ
ĹϷɢƶëѩŽž˵֮ϣǵӫ⡣
һķ򲨶ˮһ
ף
Ȼľƺ֣һȫ߶֮飬תе챦̡
ǣǡ
챦ľڵĴ߶֮£ϵطǵıٲȻѾ֮߶˼µ״̬
һʱ䣬ǧ·ɣǬ
ڳһʿȫ񣬾ڴš
һҪɹȭͷš
ֳ챦̵ľڣѾǷΨһһ˿ϣˡ
ߣ̶ֳȵķ֮飬ҵѰҲû̫ƣҪƽּĸϴҵżڣǲܵ顣
챳˫֣ЦζԹۡ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬˸оޱȵü尾ƶһ
ڣʱȥˡ
ľڵķ֮Ĳ̽£ڿռѷеĸϴ󣬿ʼ𽥵¶һɽһǣ˵Թп
øӵĸϴ󣡡
ڳѰʦڿһָϴʱȫĿ࣬пɬ
Ȼ޷ϴһ࣬ǣ¶ıɽһ临ӵĳ̶ȣ̺İƷʣԶԶǸѰʦܹĦġ
ֳ߳ƵѰʦʱܵԼС뱰΢
˲õǰ˵Ƿˣվ˵ѰʦͬһСǲ࣬ǵ蹵һĲ࣡
ۡ
Ȼ۵һľڲҺһ˵Ϊ֮һΣţһڵأе챦Ҳžһڵأɱ˲ɿ
̼䣬֮ǧģ׷ɢӰ١


Ϻҵˣһľˣ׷׳ǰȥӵľڵùеĿ⿴ľڡ
ǰ׿첽ǰлҡ
ľ֣ô
дģŵؿ̱ڵصľڡ
˹еĿУľڼѵ̧ͷ¶һĨЦҡ߶ķ֮飬ҡ⵽˷ɣѾ״ݻˡ˵ţ˺һ˲˼ʮһ̱
ԣȫһһ״
֮顭Ȼ״ݻˣ
Ҫ֪챦̲صһ֮飬ޱȵһ״ݻ٣ô챦еķ֮齫Զٵһ
챦̵ƷʣҲһ˺Ϻ˵һش
Ͼľڵܹ߶ķ֮鲢࣬ÿһܹ߶ķ֮鶼쳣ľڼȻѾܹ߶֮飬˵ľѾƿ̺֮һַ塣
ֻҪľڼʱգڼӴĦպ˵ܹ̺֮ķдһµѰص䡣
֮鲻ұݻ٣ôľҪ̺֮ķڳˡ
ľյһַ壬ֻ֮İ˷֮һңһֵķ壬˳ҲǲȱģƷʣϺ洫ѰƷʸߡ
˲ĸϴδҲֲ̫˰գȻ֮ˣ
̫ˣѹֻĹŷҵ֮󣬾͹ϵѡԹۣԭΣյһ顣
ˣֳ챦̵ľ춼޷Ļݹ飬Ҳûмܹ˳ˡ
ֻнЩܾûгϹŶһϣˡ
ڳһʿȫզпޱȵı



1531 Ʒ굤
ľ֣һöƷػ굤ڻĻָЧϽ¡
״ͳһöϺɫĵҩݸľڡ
֣ô˼
ľڽԴҡúƲ˹һѧղøλʧˡ˵ţͷаûڲѡ
û뵽һηǵûܳɹҵżڣһ֮顣
ľ֣°գһˣҲΡƷػ굤Ϊ
ľ¶ɫ
ǰ
ʱǰһӻͳһƿݸľڣһȪȥָܹܿĻңܹϴ裬ѪǵƷһΡ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫе׵ϡ
Ȼÿһλʿ׵Ĵֱʸˡ
ͳƷػ굤ƷѾߵˣûϵ׾Ȼһ֣ͽ˵еȪͳˡ
ôһ־ͳһȪȻĹŷҵļҪ
ȻŵȳڱѵʱԸ⿶ңԮǸ۲۵ĺˡ
岻ǽ𽣶һССķȻ˴
һѵؿеĴƿ
壬Ȫ̫ˣҾ͸Ҫˡľƴǡ
Ȫ̧ŵֱ۶ʱЩεؽƷػ굤ջԼС
ʣһöƷػ굤ļֵԶԶȪʮ֮һ
Ϊ˾ľڣֱӽȪ˳÷Ĺŷҵһ֮Ҫ̾硣
ǰϽ°գ֮ˡ
˵ţ΢΢תͷԲԶʹһɫ
ͱƴˣǶһˣǧ𹼸ָһƬ⡣⣬ɵȰ˵ľ
ȻˣҾֻйˡ
ľһڵ˵ͷ׵нӹȪšƿʼ˵
ʿȫڵأһץнơ
ת۰º
ʱֵ磬ľǽһȪȫһ˿һ˷ѡ
һȪ֮ľ˵ľ񶼻ָ߰˰ˣ˫֮ȣϷź⡣
ľ֣ڸоôһֱľڵԣʱһľ˫æ꺮ů
ҵ״̬Ѿָһ룬˽ѩ̿
ľؿף֮бм֮顣
΢΢ͷһЦ
ã̫ˡ
Գһţüͷһֹ֧֧ģľ֣㡭ܲܡ
֣Ҷ˼һܷ߶֮԰ɣ
ľΪϺҵһ֮ԹɫеģһſڣľھͲ³˷׵˼
֪£Ҫ󣬷ǳ˵ǡҲˣǸѰʦ޲ߣܲѰҵżڣȫָˡ
һεؿľڣ¶ϣ֮ɫ
Ҷ
ľڵ˵ͷɤ˹еĿУλҵ챦Уȷм֮áǣЩ֮Ʒʣ֮ǰ߶ķ֮û̫ƣԣҪǹʼʩ߶ķ֮󣬿»ܷɣƽ챦̡
ԣ˻Ȼͷһ̾
ûа취żˡ
һأȴȥ̫ˡ
ʵڲУֻнعܵòϹŶˡ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
˴ͷɥضʱ̣Ȼľڻһת˭˵Ǿһ޷ҵżˣ
ৡ
䣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫľڵĻˡ
ǰ˵Ѿһƣ˫Ź⡣
ľڵһЦҸղѾ˵ˣܹ߶ķ֮飬Ʒʶ̫ߣƽ˲õĸϴ󡣵ǣ챦еķ֮飬ǧ֮࣬Щ֮Ʒʣǳֲȴ˵еѰʦ
ңڴĦһֵƷʷ֮ͬʱҲǰʼŴĦһƷʵķ֮顣
ȻٶҾֻĦ˲ٷ֮һķ壬ǣֻҪڳѰʦȫԮһϣ
ľڽеļƻڡ
ȫһһʱÿһʿЩԼĶ䡣
ľڣȻҪǿд߶챦еһƷʵķ֮飡
Ҫ֪һʿҪ߶κһ֮飬һӲǱҪĦ֮ʮ֮һ塣
Ψˣܹѷ֮飬ܹڴ߶֮ʱ򣬲⵽֮ķɣܹõļԦ֮顣



1532 ʮԱ
˭룬ľھȻֻĦٷ֮һ£Ҫǿд߶һƷʵķ֮顣
һ뷨
ľ֣Ҳ̫ˣֻƿ˰ٷ֮һİ壬Ҫǿд߶Ʒʵķ֮飬ֱѰ·
ɫ԰ֽһʱľڵ顣
ֻĦ˰ٷ֮һİ壬Ҫǿд߶Ʒʵķ֮飬Ҳ˵ܷɹˣĳɹ˷֮飬Ҳ޷Ԧʱһ֮зɣôľƱؽ˷۱
ʵ̫ΣˣڳѰʦȫ֣Ҳδܹɹ
۷׷ףľڵ飬ȫ̫ϣ
쾲ĬӺֱתƺʲô
ҳϣҵ뷨ǳ÷񣬵ǣǣбİ취𣿡ľ侲
ԣȫѻȸһѰʦѰʦȫЦ̾Ϣ
ȷʿѾ޲ˣȻ˵ľڵļƻǳ÷񣬵ǣҲֻΨһһ˿ϣˡ
ľ֣һ֮зɣĴˣġ֣µѵ
ס
ľص˵ͷǣΪܹżѰұأҾȫֵöһѣ
ã
һֱĬķ죬ʱЦǵߵľڵԣСӣǸҪľˣҷĸԸ㵱֡
Ը֡
ǶԸ֣
ڸѰʦѰʦȫ׷ױ̬ȡ
ãνʰߣ˸λӢۺܵİţҵżڵϣһġ
ľվһʱ졣
ֻҪʮʿң̫ľҵʶһܲס
ľڵ

Ѱʦұ
ǲܷ֮ķɣҲˣ
ʱڳһʿ׷׾ӧ
ľ޴£ڸʿҲȿֺعԼһ
Ѱʦϡ
ľڶ˵ǳ⣬һӣԸһ
£ڳѰʦ׷ǰӵľڵԣȴľڵָʾУ󲿷ֵѰʦڻĹŷҵˣٲϺҵˡ
ڽ𽣶
ѰΪڵףҲѰʦʿѰһϲͨûа취ľڵİ
ܹһʮλѰʦеҪࡣ
ľһһЦʣµʮˣҺѡաľתͷѯס
׵ͷһЦͬľڵ
ܿ죬ľڵͼ˸ʿһȿֺûѡϡ
Ȼǿд߶֮ǳΣգǣܹԸܸƷʵķ֮飬ĦƷʵķ֮飬ÿһѰʦ˵ջǷǳġ
ΪܹظܸƷʵķ֮飬ðΣգҶԥ
ǧңҵѰƿ״̬ҪһͻƣӶٳ߸ͷһ
ڳѰʦȫȡ
ǰҲһ֮״ǵľڵǰӧ
㣿
ľһЩЦã¿ʼҪίؾܾס
Сƨҡ㲻ֻԪ磬̫飬ûʲôס
˭룬ûľڳȳһ죬ͽ׸̵
ҡ
Ϣһϣ޵תһ룬ȷôһ¡
ȻѰԶˣǣƾǽһѰۣѰѰʦȻͬΪֻԪĿ͹ʵھ棬һЩƵѰʦѰʦ˵ҪһΡ
壬㲻Ҫϡ
ľһǸذοһҪɵǳΣգ㲻ҲǶһֱ
áһĬĬ׵һЦ
ܿ죬ľ׵侲ѡ£ʮ˵˳롣
˶ҾλһϵʱҪעҪ㡣
ľ֣бѡеѰʦѰʦ׷ײΨ챳˫֣°ͣһΪȻģ
һΣӦһλˡϣܹ˳ҵżڣĻǿ½æһˡ
˲õĸϴδҲ̫ˣһںڶ֮У׽
ľǰһҪ߶ķ֮飬ʲôƷʵķ֮飬ڴ
ڸʿȫȺ۷׷

ĵ³һڽ׳٣гڴ



1533 ®ɽĿ
ʮѰֵϣǳûǣҪȻͬѰһϳһ壬Ҫķѵľν
һϣǳ򵥣ǽ͵ľڵʶ֮Уľڴ߶챦еĸƷʷ֮顣
ټֳʮλѰ֣ϽԺܿͽϣԾԾԣ׼һ
ţ
Ȼһֱô˵ķ죬ľڣþʮѰ֣ԵĻͬʱ͵ʶ֮УܹԦס
οʮɻͬͬԴҪΪãҪǣ
Ҫ߶Ʒʷ֮飬Ҫæգ
侲ط
⡭ľһʱͷ৶䣬˵ͷƺΪͬĿ棬Ǻã
мŦʿĻȫ͵ҵʶ֮УҽʮɲͬĻǣϣ͵ʶ֮йʹá
ӧ⣬ʮѰ֣ԷΣгһۣΪšһǷ֮зɣҲֵܹ˺һ˳еķգ
䣬ȫһ󾪺׶
棬лĺ⣡¸м
ľڹ˹֣ʶ˷һ
ʮλѰʦֵ˺ľڽȫࡣ
һΪ۵ķ죬ƱؽΪֲķ֮ڷ񣬵ʮ㡣
һĵذ˰֣ʵֻżһ̽ˡ
һЦ
š

ƾǲ
˷׷
ڷİ֮£ܹʮλѰʦгһǷ죬ľڸ֮С
챦̣
¾㱸֮ľϥһֱӽ챦̸֮Уȫش߶
ǡ
챦̷һıһʱ䱦磬Դ䣬ķĴ챦ɢ
λ֣
ʱͺһ͵˫ֺʮǡ
顭
ʱڳʮλѰʦ׷ƣڵĻûһεĺ⣬ŷϯȥ
Ǭϣ
ӡ׷ɣǰλãûһ̫ζ˳ؽеĻȫУǣ
ټĿռѷڲâҫۣȥͺƽӻ뺣һʮͬʱһ̫ڲ
̫ڷĴ߶£ϵعţڲͬʿĻۺϳͬһɻ
ʱһһţԹ۵ʿȫһضǰľ
ľڣգ
ڣԼĪһʱ֮󣬷ͺһ̫һģһ͵ɫʱ̫ڲϯľϯȥ
ľſһ޾Ļͱڡ
ʱľȫǺ죬۾ð⣬Ƶʧķһɲ
챦̣
õ˴ľڣ죬Хһǿд߶챦еĸƷʷ֮顣
顭
ʱ챦̷ҲƵزķĴת̷϶ɢӭ緭ɵİ쵺Ʈ
һ̣ʿȫס˺۾һգգ
ɰڴһ٣
ǰһҪѷ֮鰡ź
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬һֶĸо
ڣյʱˡ
˶Ϊľ޷ɹѷ֮ʱ̣ĿһĻˡ
䡭
ī챦̣͵һ𣬼Ҫľڵ֮Ѷͬʱ糱ĳɫģش챦̵ڲϯӿ
ľڳɹ˸Ʒʵķ֮飡һ漣
ЩɫķģùأҺôҲһѰʦȻоǳĻɬѶ޷͸
û뵽ǿĴʹ£Ȼɹ˷֮飬ԸƷʵķ֮飬ܹ˳ҵżڣ
۷׷ףһҧأΪľ

ľڳɹ˷֮飬ûȸˣȫ߶֮飬ʼ̽˲õĸϴ

ɲǼ䣬糱ĹϷģӿǬ˻Ȼ׹˻ռ䣬ΧһƬãã
ǿ쿴
Ȼʧ
˷׷ѭȥʱɴ۾
ȥؿĸϴ糱ĹϷĵϴˢ֮£𽥵¶Ŀ
żҪü®ɽĿ



1534 ̫
ʿȫ񣬻Žʥľη֮飬Ħһһ¶ǰ˴
糱ĹϷĵϴ֮£ϴ®ɽĿǰ
̫ˣϴƺҪ¶®ɽĿˣԸ߽׵ķܹ֮ҵżڣ
Ϊ˲õĴȻֻ¶˱ɽһǣ̲صİ壬Ϊɬ£ԶԶǵ֪
ʲôʱܹó˴ʮ֮һƣͺˡ
ڳԹ۵һʿȫզпȫǰֵƸˡ
ףҺȻһַǳϤĸо⾿ôһ£
ͬǳרעعĦţٿأһиֳһʶĸо
Ȼָоǳ΢һţ׽͸
ǳֻþ˰գ
ҡҡͷŹֵͷ˦Ժעеǰ׳ϡ
ʱ
ءһ챦̵ľڣſһѪе챦Ҳܿƣֶɡ
ã챦ʧȥˣľʧڵĻʱҲ߰˰ˣ޷ǿвٿط֮顣
⣬Ҫˣ
ѵһҪһ𣿡
׵˵Уȫһ
ֶɵ챦̣ڰУҵתţڷ֮Ĵ߶£ɢɱ⡣
ϲǣ֮ȻľڵĲٿأƺûǬֱ֮ײֵҰһ
䡭
ϧþȫʱ̣糱һķģʧȥ˻֧֣͵س챦ӿȥԭȸǰ˴˲ʧȥټĹϷģҲת˲ʧһ롣
֮ƺҪ»ع챦ˣ
쾪
Ƿ֮ػ챦̣ôһεĳԽʧܶգ̫ϧˣЩͳɹˣ
߬ȭͷ
УҲܾʹưոݡ
Ȼľҧͷ챦̣÷֮޴
һˣľһڰзת챦̣ʱֹͣתһڵء
ʱĹϷģһȺͷӬһ˷ײȥ
顭
ټĿռ䣬һʱüΪȶƺʱ̮䡣
ϣʣЩϷģܹ󡭡
ľڽϣ⣬ȻϣãҲûиõİ취ˡ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأвٵĹϷĳײεĴ֮ϣһ͵رѣΪ֮һ翪
ţɽѰıڶǧս
ףϤĸоֳˣ
Ƥһ
ڷĳײӦһ˲䣬׵оͲϵظһʶĸоָоͻĪһʱԷֱ档
ľڣ㾿ڸʲôջЩϷģҪȻǶҪռ飡
ŭȳ
ľۿɢķѾȫʧأҳɣȫ߶е챦̣ʼת
ǡ
챦̸һת޾ķĿ񳱣ͺҵйĳһس챦ϯ
һЩۣʧȥ˻ֵ֧ľڣȻõƿ챦̣ԣֻƬ̣ͲҺһе챦̾ٶȵڵء
䡭
ͬʱ糱ķģԳűϯ
ã֮зˣ߶󣬽еֵ
ȡ
ȣ
ƴˣ
ڳʮλѰ֣ڵһʱ䣬߶Ǵ󣬽п⡣
ʱķģÿһѰʦ֮ԳӿķĿ񳱺Ҷȥÿһģ̺һµķ򣬲ͬķײΪֲ
ˮŶΣ̫򣡡
ǧһ֮ʣ챬һڽ䣬һټ̫ڸֳ
ʱ糱ĹϷģȫ̫Уָ̲һ˲䣬ĹϷģ;ӿ̫֮Уˡ
һĻΧߵУһ𾪡
ţǿûУȻ˴ĹϷģֶοƾ춯أ
֮ΪĹŷʢѰʦȻͬ졣
ҿз򣬷ĻڳʮλѰʦҪһڷ
˵һȫľֶθ۷ˡ
Ѱ֣Ҳɹͨصֵŷ֮ķɡ
һʱ䣬ǳ䶨
ʮλѰ֣һ
ǣѰżڵҲٴθ洵



1535 Ī
ֳգһ˲÷ǳѹ֡
ʿȫɫ࣬ȺΧһ̾
û뵽ʮѰʦ֣Ȼû˳Ѱҵżڡ
ľ죬ȫ㾡ȫʮѰʦҲ£Ȼʧܸգ˸еĻ䡣
ֻн˵Ѿ伣˵ϹŶѣлҵżˡ
ҡͷԣɥ
Ⱥ룬˫һټ̫أ˫գ붨״̬֮С
档
ǰСغһ·ڷ֮Ĵݲ£ܵˡ
֣档
ľһ׵ľٶæֹûпӦǵõһԵֻҪܹյúã˵ܹˮŶΡһͻƣͻ߶ξ硣
˻
䣬ȫһʿɵõһһò˼졣
ѹַ֮ǰҪ䵱ϧڷ֮鷴ɵʱ򣬳ܾķɣԭҪᣬһַ壬Ϊãո˵󰡣
Ѱݹ壬һЩӲ¶ˣûмܹᲢۡһܹһٽˮŶΡⱾϵؼξ߶ξ磬ǾһĻԵ
̫ˣɽˮ·һ塣Ѱܹٳ߸ͷһôĻϣҵżڡ
۷׷ףԭѾҵڶѰʦһ˵пܽѰľٶһεʱ򣬲ɵ˫Ź⣬һ˿ϣ
λ
һ˵õĻԵɵһϲѹѹ֣ڳڶʿڱչ֮У¹شϣλҪ߶ţǾػԣȴ漣ķ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
£ܹԼĪʿȫԼͬһ֮ϣ
ָоϤ
𽣶һھڵķλͷףϥԺвϵػζ֮ǰӿֵĹо
ֹĸоǳν翣ţץȴ顣
ȻָоͻĪεس֮Ѿ㹻ӡ
ڣѾһԤУֻҪָܹоȫĦ͸˵ܹ˳ϣƽ⸴ϴ󣬼̶ҵżڡ
ʱһһţʿϣȫϡ
ľѰʦ֮ǰУٶһֻһһ߾ȷͻơ
ȥʱۡת֮䣬Ѿȥһʱ⡣
ټĿռѷڲʿأȺؾۼһ𣬸š
ʱģĿһ۷ķеϣԽŨ
ȣ
һ磬ڷؿڲλ̫򣬺Ȼ˿ţһʯŭХԴӷĿд
¡¡¡¡
һߵľ޴ʯ飬÷䡣
ৡ
һһıڳһ˵ȫȻһţ˵Ŀ⣬ȫˢˢؾۼڷϣһĿ¶ϣ֮ɫ
棬ڳˣôѰû
״ǰʵ
ȫͶĿ⡣

ҲһΣҵѰ˳ͻƿˮŶΡ߶Σ
ңȻȣ˵۽أȫȻһ£
Ц
пϲ
̫ˣһĺϢѰٳ߸ͷһ˵ܹƽ⸴ϴ󣡡
һø˾塣
֪ѰܹɹҵżڣѾһϣˡ
۷׷ףÿ졣
ε񣬷ɫһλھȫƽ⸴ϴѰżڣ
ȻղǺܴ󣬵һϣλܹ
˫ҪʩչѰѰżڡ
˭룬ʱһͻأͻȻֱȻһ
ˣѾҵżڣ
һֱĬףȻ˫ʱֱӴ׵˫˸˸Ź⡣
ৣʱڳһˣȫѭתͷһޱȹŹֵס
ʲôŽȻ˵ҵżڣδҲ̫˼ˡ
ľѰʦƴȫδ˳ҵżڣŽһֱûж֣ȻɹˣδҲ̫˼ˡ
ĪŽſڿӣ
ʧͷ뷨ӦоС



1536 ʵ
㣿
΢΢һţһֳףСӣ㲻ڿЦգƾһԪСȻܹƽ˴ҵżڣ
Ѱݹ飬ܹᲢ۵νָ
ľڣδƽ⸴ϴѰҵżڡһСȻ˳ҵżڣ
ֱڵ
죬ľڣڳѰʦȫ֮ݺݵسһ⡣
λȨأܵ˰һС˷ͷ
ԣΣ춼׵Ļġ
壬𣿡
״ǵ׵ǰýŽɵʵ
Ȼ⣬½漣ڣ׿ڿ˵ҵżڣ˵Ƿǳ޴ġ
壬˻棿
ľҲһشǰ۾һգգضס
ͶĿ⣬׵һЦҲ⣬ֻһʼ߶ڵķ塣
顭
һһöƴСĹϷģƾճ׵֮ϣȥȻһdַ׭
쿴һdַ׭ǽам̳еһַ塣
Ҫѵам̳еķ壬ܹóƽ⸴ϴ󣿡
ҲŽҵżڣȻõа۵ĴУѰǲʮǧ
ǳɹˣԶΪ׷Ѱʦ
Ⱥ۾һգգضףҴ
ȥ
һеądַ׭ʱһһ˵֮ϣһʱ䣬ټѷռΪ֮ҡΣضɽҡƺռ䶼ҪΪ֮
ã
ˣҪʲô
ĪǷ𣿡
ʧ
ʱ
¡
һ춯صıʿעȫ˹ȥ
ÿһʿȫѭȥֻڿտĵϣŸӱɱ⣬ӵĵײһһһѸٵۣûһöӴądַ׭
ɵądַ׭ɢڱ⣬ƽһɾ춯صѹڳһʿѹȵϢһϣȫϢܡ
⡭ô£
һ𾪣Լ۾Ϊʲôƾճصądַ׭ңdַ׭ƺа۴ķһУ
ԭżаһżϴҲа۵ֱʣҪȻԲdַ׭
һΪŽΪ˳ͷԵڴ꣬ſڿӡ壬ţҵżڡ
ڻĹŷҡϺҡ𽣶ʿȫһп־ϲؿǰһоͨͨͣöδƽ
棬ڻԴ𣿡
üͷһµؿ죬΢΢̣Цζ
첻ɵϢһϣһŸݵӶʱƣεؼһЦ¶Ŵ׵˵ͷΪĹʮеһĴڣ׽ˡ
ǺǣʵûҵżڣĿǰѰƷҲܹҵżڡ
ڨڨһЦ˿Լ
Ŷ
˭룬ȴ˿ӣһ˦䣬һԣҲ졣
壬ôϴа۵Ľ
ľأЩţ֮ǰ߶챦еķ֮飬δܲ̽ϴĵϸ׾ȻѴ֮Ͳ˸ˮʯ
Ҳûʲôֻãҵõа۵һַ򴫳УŻڸϴʱӦˡ
ײΪЦһ
壬һ˴ˣ˷ܹаż㽫ӹΰǵһ󹦳
Ϊ˷ܵ׵ļ򣬸
׵һЦް⡣
˵֮ǰ׽ףĹŷҵ죬ǳΪֻһһǴСûʲôá
˭룬죬ľڣû׸
֣㲻Ϊҵֳ̫ˡֳǰһܱ
ţ׷ʵ֣ȻѾȷϴǳа֣֮ô϶ҲӦżڣڣ͸Ǵɽա
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫĿ˸˸ضףһȲصȴǲż
һƣζ˵ǳǸҵķ壬벻ڤʵĶսУشָֻʮ֮һҪúһܹŸӦżڡ
ҪǵȺ򲻼Ļǽżա
˵



1537 ׸Ϊţ
䣬ȫһһЦõؿ졣
ʣ׵жϣ׸ǸӦżڣڹ춷
֮ǰ˳ؽѰһΣ緢׼ƽаĸϴ˭룬Ȼ׸ȡ
Դˣǳ֮з֮⡣
ϧȻ΢һԷİٰڿ࣬һõᣬͻѡ񷴻
ң׵ԸҪôһҪöֿ಻ԣᡣ
һΣ׵ķȻֻȴ£ѡ
׵ķֻӦ֮ߡ
һ֮£һƾԼһεѰҵżڣӶ޻˵ҲܹסԼΪһѰ̩ɽϡ
ǡ
ôĻһʧܣ롣
ûĹŷҵ죬ӶʧܣҪŵ̬һСҪǴȥƱؽΪЦ
һӦ֮ߣɴ䣬ֱˣŵֺ̬ףӶƽϢŭҵżڡ
ôûĹŷҵ棬ҪūϥֺףŵԼ̬λȨأܵ徴ķ˵Աɱѡ
һʱ䣬ɫ࣬üԹף޲˶ɡ
桭
׿Цõǰ촽˼£ֹ
ߣСӣǸλػΪɽһż֮УһҪ취
ͶĸĿ⣬һһǳζ
ʿϣ˭һתۣͳΪʸ֮ˣ֮Իڶ̶̵ʱڣ׹ȫǰ͡
޲ǰ˺Ƭʳ⣬Ѫ
ɶѰȻ˳ͻƣһոµľ硣ǣҪһƽ⸴ϴѰҵżڣǱȽѵģ
ϣǳã
һ
֮ǰʮѰʦ֣߶챦еһƷʷ֮飬δܳɹƽ⸴ϴҵżڡ
񣬾ѰһΣɹļҲǳã
ǡ
ܹһа۵еõһֵķ򴫳УĻҪƽ⸴ϴҵżڣǳ˵Ρ
ѵûĹŷҵ棬Ҫֺһϣ
ҪǴȥԺͱˣֱڸĹŷҶ
ҧ

ڷ־ĵڣЦһһ̵λҪһαչָķ壬ģʱ䲻̫ãҲʮؾܹء
ʮأ
⡭ǺãѵҪʮأ
ҪǵʮأΪܹаżҲֵˡµǽڸ氵ﶷҪĻʮֻ֮Ҫ컹Ϸŵ̬ˡô϶һڹӡ
ڳһʿȫЦãһĿؿס
װһ޶Եģ
֮£ֻÿ죬ϣܹŵֺ̬ףһܹ˳аżмĵѰˡ
棬ܹԴΪء񰵺ħ壬ƷǳϾܹаżջôаսУһܹͼӰЧԡ
ԣϣܹСڣȫ֣
ԥƬ̣ڹ߾ȫȰ˵졣

ڣص̾һ˵ͷƺǴӦ˷ס
ţ˾ȵĿУǵ׵ǰع˹֣׻˵ΪʦȻܹƽ⸴ϴҵżڣߣԵǸѰʦʦ𡣡
ȻķܵشôҲһʱȫˣٽż١
⣬ʲôҪԸ飬ֻҪҷܹһ岻ݴǡ
ôʾ䣬ޱȳֿ˵
˵ĹУʱ͵һ׵ı飬ײ⡣

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʿԼ۾
ûĹŷҵ죬ȻܹѰʦʦǶ׵һôƳ磿
ңŵ̬׵ʹƺĸԸΪ׵ţ̬ڳʿˣԼĶ䣡



1538 ƫɽ
ǰȻܹĸˣΪʦǺš
ʲôʱܹ˴ӣҹҾٻһǧ궼ĸԸ
ȻĸԸţ˭ʹŽҲȥϾĹŷҵĹϵһֱǳǢΪ̷ˣĹŷڵжӪ֮С
۷׷ףһóݵס
ףȻֻԪ磬ڳʿҪ˼ΡѰϣҲԶԶϺĹŷҵѰʦǣȴܹ÷Ѱ̩ɽŵ̬¸߹ͷ­ֶΣʿΪ֮Ĥݡ

ˣҲֻһĶܹΪǰʦ𡣡
촽һЦɣȻķܵˣܹܵżڣھʹǰż
䣬ȫһƬڣеʿȫмʼȲĦȭ
ҪаżˣҪܹ֡аֹǡıǾͳ׷ˡ
һζ˽壬Ļǭ¿ˡ
һżһҪĽŲż̳аһַĽ壬а۾͵żУһй˵ơ
ϺĹŷҵʿȺ۷׷ס
ಣ
׽̤ӡһΣͳſռѷһϯȥ
һٶڳȻһһɴ˫Ŀࡣ
ţ壡
׵ͺһһΣΪһ⣬Գ׽׷ȥ
Ųһ٣תͷЦؿ˶ķס
壬ռѷһС룬ںڶĺȦ֮⣬ȶȫöࡣһĿռ䣬˺Ȧ֮Уǳգȫʧصա
ǣһóȻһĿռ䣬пһ̾ͻᱻɳ֮УڱڶڲɱƬ
һϾѵ
ԶһʿԼĪˣʱ˿ȫɫŹֵؿס
Ȼ˵ѾΪʵϵͳ˧ǣ׵ΪȴЩ˲ҹͬ
˿׵ΪѰ·
ǺǣǲҸ·ô
ܵ˶Լɣ׵һЦ΢΢ھڸ·ôǲң
ԣȫһȫŵ
ʲôڸ·
δҲ̫˼ˣǲ׹˺ڶĺȦգۼͻ˭Ѱ·
ѵ˵żڣһĿռУ
һʱֱġ
壬⾿ôһ£ѵżڣһߵĿռ֮У
ľڴʱҲǰüͷšһ֡
ҡҡͷ˷񶨣ǸǵĲ²ⶼ׼ȷһ٣˵ĿȫеԼϣ˵ھֿ϶ظǣҵĸӦżڣںڶش

䣬ȫһԭһĦȭơԾԾԵʿȫԼĶ䡣
ţⲻİɣżھȻںڶڲ
żںڶڲôǸûа취Ͼ龳ĸ֣ұڶ֮УԴ
϶ſںߣûҵżڣΪΣ͹˵żںڶ֮УΪ޷֤٣Ҳ޷֤˵ѻ
۷׷ף׵жϱɵ̬ȣͬʱԭȺ鼤ĳ棬Ҳࡣ
ǲţΪƭǣ
ʼһνģȻǲţôǾͲҪȥˣһҵһ˽оˡ
ҶԽż֮Уҵ˱ǲóһͬģһ㣬Ҫ
촽΢΢һЦ
𽣶ĵȻһµؿ𽣶ĵӡ


𽣶ǧھӣһľЩ㡣ͬա
һ׼ڶڲѰżڣ˭ԸҲУ
Цζ
ȫһƬţ𽣶ǧھӣֱðһʹͷ
ȥ
Ȼ̫һһʿʦ츳׿δνһƬԸಫҲֻһçȻûж
Ҳȥүǲˣ
ģһʮһúƴˣ
ͷˣʱĵӣȫһҧյľϡ



1539 ɳ
һʱ䣬𽣶ǧڵӣȫӦ־ɳǡ
ĹŷϺҵˣȫ𽣶Ӻη۷ˡ
ãΪҽ𽣶ʿ
͵ص˵ͷ˵һ֣ҪŽ𽣶ǧڣԳȫʧصĿռѷӶȥ
ţ壡
׻æɱǰɫϾûбҪ³çѾоʮþˣһݽûдġ
˵ţһӣֱӽһöָ״Сٻ˳
ҾĻɳ棬̽·ٺʲˡ
ָһָ״Сɳ棬ųɵ׵ǰתȦ֮ƮƮ׵ļ֮ϡ
ţ
ɳ棬ȻӵԪ磿׸ɳɢۻϢɵԸоȡ
ɳ棬֮ͨҲһ
׵壬ҽɳ潻㣬ٿ̽·ɳܹɹҵżڣٲż١
ûҵżڣұɳɥˣǾҪ¿Ƿˡ
һط
ڳһʿȫ˵ͷȻǾ÷׵ķǳÿס
ɳ̽·
Цһҡҡͷһͷ˷׵飬ǰɳ㻹ջȥգҲɳ̽·ġ
Ϊʲô
һûϵ׾ȻܾԼ顣
δҲ̫ˡ
бֶβãƫƫҪգⲻֿ
塭
֣
ľڡֵˣҲɫŹֵؿסȫִֵţƢŪˡ
ɵʼ΢΢һЦ͵Ǻǣλ֣Ҳǿص顣ҿͺǳԷȲһϡƽ
ǣڳԷȲʱ򣬻ΪжҸԳ𣿡
һƣüΪ٬˵
ţʲô
ŽδҲ̫ˣԷȲܸڶᲢ𣿲֪Ž徿ţǿ
̫֪ߵغˣһһ˲أ롣
ڳһ˵ȣȫ۷׷ף׵оŷŭ̬ȡ
壬޾η֮ģǲȡֵġ
׵׵ǰŲľ׮һʵᶨ
Ȼǲ̽·ǲͬյġ
һյԪƣһҽڶ֮УԪƻţ˵˳żڣǿԷĹȥ
ԪϨˣǾ˵ҲˣʱҲûбҪٰװˣظ
һһȫ֮ߣȴǿЦãƺǾýڶȫһڳԷȲС£ûбҪʦڡ
˵ţһӣһյԪƸٻ˳ţƾڰС
ȥ
ֻһͺȣҧ⣬һξѪ˳ֱӵԪƵĵо֮С
ڵһ£олֱ壬ҡҷֹǳʢ
Ԫƣ뾫Ѫ֮һУ׽ѪԪ֮УԽʢ֤׵Խʢ
෴Խǰ֤׵Խϡ
һƻϨôҲζѾ
ԪƣȻأҲ׵
ԪƣֲɵӿЦ
ߣ
ûٶȳȰ裬׾ʹһӣޱ𾪵УŽ𽣶ǧڵӣ͵ڿն𣬾ԳԶϯȥ
塭
֡
סľڡֵˣȫһʧ
Ŷ԰ŽȫԼļһǱȽټġ
ͷֻ࣬ڳԹ˿֮󣬲ŻᶮҪ
Цһֱҡͷ
ಣಣ
׵£𽣶ǧڵӣһҧأ粽ظ׵
ʱ䣬׾ʹǧڵӣ˿ռѷıԵش
¡¡¡¡
һ춯صıĤڿռѷ棬һɳ˳ؾţƺˡ
Ǻǣƺˣʵֻп˲֪һжֻǻ󣬺ڶڲǷǳȶĿռ䡣
ʩչѰۣһȥϯյɳ˳붼ǻвɵô󶨡
еӣȫһ£𽣶ǧڵӣȫ壬׵һεϯˡ
ߣ
ľڡ׵˾ֵУһԾǧڵӣ˺ڶ֮С



1540 Ϊū
ʦ𣬾
ǿɲ
ʦ𣬾ԲŪƴˣ
𽣶ǧڵӣڶռһɲǣס˺ÿһ˵඼ᵽɤ۵λá
壬壡
Ȼ׵ͺһӿֳһɷ壬ϻɬķһӿ֣ͻûһdַ׭˸С
ϵһڅdַ׭ûεһ˲䣬һټ־ʹӅdַ׭ֱ֮ӽ˸ػС
ţɳĳδ֡
ֻоһתƶˣֺƵԨһʱͷĿѣۻҡ
ͬʱϺĹŷҵһʿȫͷð۾һգգضԪơ
ԪڲĵƻҡҷأʢȼţʾײδΣա
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬һֶĸо
ԼĪʱ䣬׹ڶеһˣʹ޾գһΣһȶ֮С
ˣ
һЦһػӦʧ١
ڽ𽣶ǧڵӣȫһᣬԴӸ߿е
һæ֮У˷׷סӣĹˣĦΧ
ǰģһȫɱͶɵɸһȹ϶ص̽ţǧɵĶǰŨ۳˵ǰں֮䣬ͺ̳һöҩȫµë׶ſƢ
û̫ˣҾ֪ʦڣǾԲ֮ݣ
֪ϺĹŷҵˣҪ֪һʲôı顣
ɽδҲ̫Ũˣ
ɸȫһˮأһʱһ¡컯ɾҲ޷
𽣶һʿڷԼ˳ش֮һ㵸ͬʱǳعĦΧ
ַ
ʱһŮ׵ǰֵϲ˳żҵڣǸϽż֮ѹαϺĹŷҵûúѹһ
Ǿǣ˴ҵżڣַǻĹŷϺҵѰʦֵַһᣬǸûбҪǡ
Ҫܹҵаôǽ𽣶ͳˣ
۷׷ףȲҪɸڲ
ǡ
׼Ĭ΢΢̧ͷɸе̽ţϴ֮Կ̵ĹϷʱɵ΢΢üͷ
ЩķģһַǳɬϤĸоȻǳа֣̺֮İ巨ԶԶ׵⡣
׾ǣɸĴϷɷԿһϴ֡ū
ū֣Ѫƺò֮Ѫдͣɷ
һȥ͸еľҶ࿴ۣͻæƿ
ū
ΪʲôɸǰҪдһū֣
üͷ壬
ںĵʹ֮£̤ӡɿ˹֮̽ǰ
̽ţǧɸߣվǰͺһֻСϡ

׵ͺһʼ˫š
ǣǡ
ʱһǿӿ˫ۼѾʹ˳̵ľҪ콫Ÿƿ
ˡ
һХ
һǿǣڴʱ˿չֵ쾡£׵˫֮ϯӲǧɸߵ̽Ÿƿˡ
쿴ɸſҪƿˣ
ɸаıأ϶֮ıأҪܹõ˵еɵͺˡ
𽣶ǧڵӣȫ˫Ź⣬һĦȭƣԾԾԡ
¡¡
ڣ׵Ұ֮£ɸ֮ŻŨڰУڲǳģĹţ룬ɢصıԡ
ףɸڲΪλǳţ
ǳţƺͨÿһǳţһڡ
ܹڣҪһźã
۷׷ס
ţ
ƿţ˳֮У̧ͷ߿еǳš
ˡ
ʱ⧲һĻˡֻһ죬ȫһķƮ£˲ûһԼ׵ֽ֮ϡ
ʱױһִˣǳùŹ֡
ãʲô
ַȻˣѵɸˣҪΪū
ɸҪΣյö֮࣬ǰڶֻһˡ
𽣶ǧڵӣɵôʧɫһɫ԰ףҿס
ɸǳŹ֣Դ룬ǵϺĹŷҵǰȫ˵
׳



1541 ʯ
ת֮䣬Ѿȥһʱ䡣
ĹŷϺҵһʿӵһţȫעضԪơ
˾ǣԴߺԪƾһֱȼգûϨļ
ڣԪڲĵƻ˥ļûС
ζʲô
ζ׶ڶ֮Уǵûһغ˵ûС
ȫ˵Ԥϣ漣
ҶˣԪƣһֱƻʢ˵ǰȫġ
׳һɤ۵ʯͷأǶˣжȷġڶеǰɲ
ܹǰһУˡ
ľڶͶء
ţ츳ѪǵʶǣһһָС
ǳǰˣЩϹŶҪ̭ˡ
ϺĹŷҵĳϣɵһп
Ϻҵ
ľںȻһҰΪ֮һ
ڣ
ڣ
Ϻҵˣȫ룬Ӧ
ڶڲ
ľһ¡
ǣ
ǣ
Ϻҵǧڵӣûһ˿һԥӦ
֮ǰ˶ڽڶ飬Ƿǳܵġڣ׸̽·ûаֳɡ
ǵ֪ڶڲаżмЩȲҪڶڲ̽ա
Ĺŷҵ
ҲɣٻĹŷҵˣ׼ڶڲ


£ĹŷϺҵһʿľ׵֮£Գһ˵ĿռѷӶȥ
ಣಣ
ţҧأһԾ˺ڶ
ʱ˿̣Ȼо壬Ҳ˲ôˣҧƴһԾʱеһת·ƶˡ
ԼĪһյĹǰһһŨɸǰ
̫ˣû
а̫ˣȻżںڶڲҪҵżҪԵҪдС
Ҫ׼¸ղڶһ˲䣬ҾҪˡ
ϺĹŷҵһ¡
壡
壡
סľڡֵˣһ𽣶ǧڣɵЦݲ׵ķӶ
ǰˡ΢΢ͷһЦ
֣ô£
ע⵽ֽϵļɵоȡ
׿Цһľһһʮؽڳ
ʲôһɸţ޷ǿд
һ˵׵ɵþ

ľɫϾǰһɢʶϸز̽׵
Ҳǰһ̽
ǽħħ
һľھ̾Ϣһ
ȫɷĻûɣȻֻһ˵ֽϣڲһħħֱУ۸ʶҪԲĻ˵˵อʹʶѡ
һϾس
ڳȫݿɬĿ׷Ͷ˷졣
棬ʲôİ취𣿡һϣؿ졣
һħ󣬲ǷǳӵƣΪħԣҪ󣬾ֻһ취
ħͨɹϷĻûɣЩϷģԿһʯ֮ϣʯǳϡǽħĸɽ磬ǲɶõıֻҪܹ취ħħеʯϢشݻٵͿ˳߽ħ󣬻
һ
ſʯ
šüͷ׷׿׵
׵ͷϵķģܿҵϵľſ˸ڹâʯſʯаʯѰԺֺ
ʯʵؼӲܽĺң𡣡
ͼƾݻپſʯǲܵ顣
ɢʶϵʯӡ
ѵûа취ݻʯӶѽħħ𣿡׷ʵ
취ûУϣǳã
쳤̾һ˵ģʯȻҲпСȵĿ⣬˵ɽ֮һɻ꣬רſʯıֻҪõһöɻ꣬ɻڲ̺ɻʯܹ׾ٵؽʯʴ
˵ҪѽħħҪҵʮ˿ɻС



1542 ɻ
ɻꣿ
Ϊ֮һ
ɻһͷһ˵ֻڴ˵еɽСǣǶ𻯷ˣôܹҵɻꣿ
û뵽аɸ֮һ壬ҪɸͱҪħħסֽţڵԪ޷߶ҲǱӡˡƾǣҪڲɸڲʵ̫ˡ
ǺãһǱħħסֽţΪһˡ
۷׷ףϷĹ£ٲȻǰ֮һɸ֮УҲᱻħħס
һʱ䣬ÿһ¸߰ʿ֮ġ
ҪɸᱦҪΪ˵ĴۣʵԽܡ
λ
΢΢ͷһЦҾһа۵һ顣
飿
һ
뿴а۽ɸżںڶ֮УǷ֣һ顣ֻŴԵηʿܹڶ֮У̽
ʵϣڶеֲһва۲õļˡ
ĽħħźпڶһһŻ˵⣬ĿľǿѰߵġ˵ǽɸż֮Уܹҵ˵еɻ꣬Ӷ⿪ϵļ
ȻסֽţʼûһĻңʱһͽԼķ˵˳
е
аżΪܹ̽һĻԵҪõԵҲҪ㹻С
ľװͷ׵Ĳ²ʾͬ
ȻֻһǴ֮ǰ־׵ĻǷǳпŶȵġ
ʵǸûѡȨ
Ȼ챳˫֣Цһ
ţ
ΪʲôûѡȨɻؿ졣
ѵûз֣ԴڶһǾѾû·
Ȼû·ǰǵǹ𺣣ҲֻҧأȫԸ
̾
˻
䣬ȫһÿһʿЦ
ȷ
Դ˽˺ڶѾû·龳ķ졢ףƾӺڶѳ
ȻˣֱֻǰɸڲһѰһѰҳ·ˡ
Ȼû·ҲͲҪپˣɸڲ̽ա
ħħȻǳֲܹӡڵԪ뱦磬ǣٻǿ뷨֮Ա
ƴˣһβɹʣ
˷׷߬ȭͷ
ţ
ٿأ˰֣ЦȲŽɸ˵ţָָɸڲǳţǿɸ֮ǳţǳӦһͨһ·ΪսΣ
һǾͿԸжᱦ˭ܶöٱȫƾԵ컯

ʲô·ƾ̽
һ
棬ɸڲǲϲһ໥֮仹ܹһӦľίԼĽ顣
Ҳ˵ͷ
Բӡ
˭룬һͳ׷ľڵ飬һ룬ɸ֮еǳţͬĴͨпÿһǳŵı󣬶һ⡣ǺϲһҲܹȡһĲƱǣ·ܹеĲƱһ򾡡
ûжϴǳȫǵͨζǽУҲ޷ͷˡ
һһʮط
éٿͷ
ò˵ķǺеġ
·лὫ󻯡
ľһۣȫЦãûа취λȨأ˷һͬǰĻĹŷңΪӴһľھвҲֻܹš
ȻҶĬҵ飬ڣѡһǳˡ
Цһָһǳţѡһǳš˵ţһӣһ¡
Ĺŷҵĵ
ڣ

ĹŷҵǧˣһȫװӦ

һӣһȵزɸڲ
ڷ׿ЦãˣҲֻ˳ˮۣŻĹŷҵ˲ɸڲ
顭
ǧڸһɸڲ˾͸еһ̶֮Уȫ¶á
ţǧϯ죬䣬ûһеķȫ



1543 ·ʯ
գ֮䣬ĹŷҵǧڣȫħħֽţڵԪ뱦ȫӡ
ԴˣһɧΪ׼ܿƽ
ɱ
죬һȵݲһǳڲˣ롣
ָ֮䣬Ĺŷҵȫʧ١
壬ʣǳţѡաľ΢΢һЦǫõ
ʼνǳţһģһѡһûȻǰѡҾֻйˡ
˵ţ֧վյɸڲĵһǳš
𽣶ǧڵӣ
ڲɸŵһ˲䣬𽣶ˣȫ׵֮£˵һǳš
ľڣͬϺҵǧڣŵǳŷӶȥ
תۼ䣬ɸǰһƬտյ
̤ǳŵһ˲䣬˸оǰһģһתԼĪһյĹ򣬲ſסΣǰȻʡ
ǰһɫеıֱһȥͷ
ڴʼһһߵʯ֡·ʯ
·ʯ
״ǵʯǰ΢΢ƣ·ʯѵܹ·
䣬һߵʯٿȻ䱦䣬һɫ飬ʯ֮ϯûһɫ۵ֶ꣬ضǰˡ
ף·ʯ飿
üͷһɵþ
𽣶ǧڵӣҲ׷ײĿһؿǰꡣ
·ͯӡ
΢΢°ͣĵȣϲڻԵɺ֮ҵаһż˳ߵ
ǣֻͨ·Ŀ飬ܹõа۵Ľ͡
·ͯӵ
·Ŀ飿
·ô΢΢˫֮һ߼ʵ·
˵ʱǲҪ졣
·ͯӲбһף΢΢һЩεͷȻвޣȴҷ
û취·ͯȻʵ΢ȴܹ·ǲҪĺá
ҪǵǣǴһһŽɸǳȥ֮һھͻ᳹ʧ
Ҳ˵ȻҵɸڣǣȴֻһλѰ̽գһ뿪ɸҲԭȵڽɸˡΪһѾʧˡ
ǻɸֻѰããеˡ
·ͯӲ
䣬ȫһп𽣶ǧڵӣɵӿЦ
ţǷѾţ֮ҵһصĿռѷ죬˳ϣҵ˺ڶڲɸżԭΪӽɸΪȡ֮֮ߵı⡣ûϵǺķ֮ȻֻһѰĻᣡ
ӣɸżڣֹһƺڣҲͨɸżֻǻûзְˡȳȥܹ֮ҵڣǿٶȽɸżѰģ
һǧѷĻᣬҪɸ֮ȲѣǧóȻȥһҪؼȡɸеѹɸеı
𽣶һڵӣȺ
ɫϾһɥȴûٸóȻ
һ£ǡ
ǰһžɥ·ͯȫΪ⣬ڽɸŵʱӦѾǳͨɸڲҵѾǳš
׵˵ͷ
Ȼ·ͯӵķÿһ··ʯ֮УΪԵ֮˴ɽѡ
Ϊˣ·ͯӶ˵Ϊ˽⡣ϺҡĹŷҡ𽣶˽һ
Ҫ˵ǣǳţֱͨͬı⡣ǣ֮Уֻһܹõء
·ͯӵ
ţһ
Ȼǳţֱͨͬı⣬Ϊʲôֻһܹõأ
ȻоɣȴҿѯʣֻѯĿ⿴·ͯӡ
ƺǸоĿе·ͯĳǲþȣа۲õһأǳжͬ·صѶҲֻͬҪǳһȴ·ôǳڲ·̷գصʿҲ֮ʧ
䣬𽣶ǧڵӣȫʧᵽɤ۵λá



1544 Ҷ
ֻҪǳһȴ·ôǳڲ·̷գصʿҲ֮ʧ
û뵽Ȼڤڤ֮гΪ˻ྺĶ֡ϧǣǽ𽣶ʵȻġҪ໥Ҫס
·ͯӿеʧʲô˼ѵ˵ʧܵ
𽣶һʿһʱ硣
ˣûʲôĻǾ;촳ذɣףǺˣ·ͯĳ
ţͯӡ֪ʧܵĺʲôʲôͬ·һͬʧ
׷ʵ
¹ش󣬱ҪѯС
ǺǣǺΪ֮ա
·ͯһЦش׵⣬һΣΪһ⣬һߵʯ֮Уƾʧ١
ţ
·ͯΪʲôشַ⣿
·ͯЦú⣬һֲõԤУ
𽣶ǧڵӣһš
ʦ𡣡
һ̫һ꣬첽׵ǰ·ͯӵĻУǿԵ֪ʧܵĴǷǳɲģпɥȪ³
ǣǽ𽣶ʵĹŷҸûñȣҪβܹʤ
ڳʿȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿס
üͷ΢΢š𣬼Ĭ
˵ûһǰ̽УĹŷһ֦㣬𽣶ϺҪεͷһ·ѶȿɲһϵĴ
ɶɸ֮УҸûа취Ӧ컯ɾĻڴʧܵʱֱӹ컯ɾһ֮䣬ܹվ
а̾Ϣ
һױ΢΢ͷƺǴ⣬ǣԹˡδսܹǰεͷ𣿡
𽣶ǧڶʱεشͷ
ܣ
شס
ȻԹˣδսӲܰǰεͷնʤôǾͲҪԹ԰ҪľȫԸ
𽣶ĵӣث֣
׺죬ػȭͷ
ث֣
ƴˡ
׵Ĵ£𽣶ĵӣȻкûеȫƽһѪ飬׼ˮһս
Ȼ˵𽣶졢ϺĹŷͬ˵ѣһϵơ
ǣһĹͷ˭Ը⽫Ȩá
Ȼ֮Уֻһܹô˭ѱ޷ٹ˼˵İΣˡ
壡
һȣǵسƵ·ɱȥ
ͬʱͬһĻڻĹŷϺҵǰš
ϺĹŷҵ˸һ·ʱ򣬾·ͯӵʾ֮£ֻ֪һܹյʤ̽Ȩ
ʧܵǻͬ·ʧ
Ĺŷڵ·
ã
һ˵ҪоʱлЦϺ𽣶죬ôܹǻĹŷᲢۣ
һΣ˵ǻĹŷƱؽյʤ
İٱ
ڳǧˣҲȻ̧ͷʮ㡣
Ϊ񣬴оԶĻĹңʸӵĵ
ϧˣǺķ˴ľȻֻȡһνɸ̽Ļᣬǳȥ֮ھͻʧҪٶȽɸҪѰұˡ
û뵽ǻĹŷҾȻҪϺ𽣶쾺ȻǻĹŷҲ¾ҲԸϺ𽣶ΪʧܣɥȪ
̾Ϣһ
֡͵һе罣˲ӯۿ

ȻһƽըװıȫΪ֮ྲÿһҵȫվֱӣȴŷ׵ָʾ
ȫԸεͷһٿرȳᶨ
ǣ
ǣ
־ɳǡ
״һӣ첽·ȥ
ȻסľŲǳĽ飬ϣ𽣶ϺҵⲻңǣվǻĹŷҵ峤ǴӻĹŷҵ
ԣڻĹŷپʱ򣬷׾޶ȫ쵼˰εͷ
ͬһĻϺҵǰͬʱš
壬ϺҶԲסˣһΣȻǻʤļʷǳãǱý߾ȫ
ϺΨһ̵ܹģе챦ˣԸ챦ܹó
ľ̾ϢһϺҵˣ첽·ɱȥ
ĹŷҡϺҡ𽣶ʼһҶĽ𣬴ϵʵĹŷһ֦㣬Ϻ𽣶ҪʤѶȻǳ֮
ǽ𽣶컹ϺҵûѡȨǴȫԸ
һĽ𣬻漣



1545 
⣬𽣶˽Ųأȫɱһ·֮ϣϵطϵ죬̶
˭ҵ
𣡺𣡺
Ȼڽ𽣶˸ոձܼʱ䣬Ƶ·ʹһ޺
ƽըףͷۻ𵴡
ãƺǰޣһ
УǶħħˡڵԪ뱦綼ˣʵһǧɣ̵ܹľֻ뷨֮ˡ
ãҵƷʣʥҪһ⣬ƿصķ֮а۴һְ壬ӦҲʥƿصķ
һˣʱİٱҧ⣬ͺһ˵壬ʱһ֮Уȫµļ߸𣬶ȥͺǰһӾ
ͬʱһƬƬɫϽۣƤ˳һʱ䣬ͽУ׵Ĺؽڲλһһĵ̣צɱ졣
ˡ
ɹΪ״̬ףŷצһ
ǿ쿴ַˣһޣ
ʦǣʥҪѷһʦڣٵѹҪ᲻٣
ϧǣһŶӱƴǵʵĹŷҪʮǧǾģ
𽣶ˣ׷׻еķѶŬظ׵ĽŲ
⡭
һ·ɱܿͿһͷͷߵλޣ˫˸źâ͹ˮһء
Щλޣţһ׳ǰצȹ𣬼һŵأͺ֮˷˶
ȥϰͷ֮࣡
λޣ
Ȼ֮࣬кüͷ
ɱƴˣ
𽣶ˣһͷλޣȫһ󾪾壬Ⱥһǰ
ಣ
ʱһɫӰһ
צ֣
ƣ
ȣ
ֻһͺȣշתŲȫ¾ֻ֮һӰ
顭
ʱ֮צӰȭӰӰϯ䣬ֱӽһͷͷλ޸ҵӦѣ໲Һ
ЩλޣԼĪӵŰ벽ԪΪּĴڣǰͺһһ
һЦвмʩչһЩͼ似λɾ
Ȼ޷߶ͨؼ޷ʩչƾǿǣ׾ͺһͷɽͻͷλ֮Уͷ·Ȧһɱ¾
ʮʱ䣬ͷλ޾ͽ飬Ƭɢһء
ɱ
𽣶ǧڵӣڽϣһеķλɱ
ȻڵӵľֻصĲк
ǣ
һ̫꣬ɵĿ̧࣬ͷŲԶսһշתŲ޷赲Ӱеľ֮Զơ
ܿ죬ͷλȫһ˸ˡ
𽣶ǧˣһ·ɱֻǿ¾λ޵ĽŲ

նɱˣ
׽һͷλ޸նɱ֮󣬲ڴϢͣ
ʦ𡣡
ַû°գ
ڶӷɱǰӵ׵Χ´ǷֵһЩһ棬ĸ̫ˡ
ҡͷһЦҪץʱ䣬ʱͱͷβˡ
˵ţŲһתһͷԱһ·ĸɱȥ
ϣ
ǧڷ׷Ŭϡ
һؿٶʮͷλޣŽսӵϾа־衣
𣬺𡭡
ûƽܿһŭǵؿ𶯣ͳ
ţ
ǻ׾ˣ
ȫɱһ·²Ӱǰͷжʮ׸ߣȫֻ⣬лһ޴𴸵ʱһ
ãȻǻ׾ˣ
׾˵Ϣۻ룬ƺӵʥΪ
·δҲ̫ˣǸոûжãͷʥĻ׾ˣ
𽣶ǧˣһǰͷ׾ˣȫһһ
𽣶ǧڵУֻʥſʿδܲԪ硣
ʥĻ׾ˣĿ־壬ױȵġ
ʥĻ׾ǰ𽣶ˣͺƾ˽µϣʱܱһŲ
׾ֲ̫ˣǶҪҺȫ弯ս
״̬µף΢΢𰵽ɫͫзеɬ



1546 ׾
𽣶ǧˣȫͣ½ŲȺʼһɫϾҵ
Ȼÿһʿɱ֮ģǣʥĻ׾ʱֻܽϣ׵ϡ
ɱ
ֻһͺȣһħƽצצ֮ϣĺâĽɱ졣
˾ǣħƽצı棬һ˿˿Ѫ⣬ơ
ħƽצǰĴ֮£ȻʱûдӰ벽ɱΪĽǣȴǶѪ
֪ħƽצı仯ڰٻĴзǳϲá
𡭡
ͷʮߵĻ׾ˣſһ£һԳϯ
һ𣬴һ󾢷磬ת£γһȦһȦ磬ǽϯµĻУһ࣬һߡ
䣡䣡䣡
ûվӣһ޴ͶͷҶ¡
˫һ˫צӲһ
һħƽצ޴׺ݵײһһʱĽ
⣡⣡⣡
޴ĺֱӽʮߵĻ׾˸
ûᣡ
˫һӲ²ȳСӣһ׾ʧȥƽ⣬͵عš׾ˡ
ʦȻ˻׾ˣ
׾˵ǳȣʥܹۻʦǰսķշǳô󣡡
ʦСģ
𽣶һʿʱʧɫ
ͣͣͣͣ
ȵĿУצ裬צӰϯ䣬ֱ׾Դһƶȥ
ƣǻ׾˵ҪΨйƣ׾˲Żɥ
һצӰ׾˵壬ʧ٣צӰȴǲƫеػ˻ƣʱ׾˵һͷ­ץϡá
׵壬Ҳ˲䱻˸ɡ
ء
׾˲ҺһȻ̱ڵءʮߵ壬Ȼɢ
ʥĻ׾ˣȻһҪ
ʦǺÿٶȣȻܹ׾˸һֽս
׾˵ȻߣǣΪȫɻûɣѰʿҿԣҪл׾˵ԴɱѶȷǳ֮û뵽ʦȻڻ׾Ļη壡
𽣶ʿһ󾪺ʧȫ׺ηĲɱֶθˡ
ȣ
Ϊ׺ȲʵͬʱеʿȫΪһѺȻһͺ׵Ӱƾմӻ֮зԾһͷԱ
쿴ʦɹˣ
ף֡׾Ļ¶ȣȼʥ˭룬ַɣȻˣ
ַʵֲ̫ˣʥֱһδɱ
һشӻзɱȫȸԾ
䣡䣡
ͷ׾ˣƴػеľ޴׺Ҷ
׽ŲһתԾɿضͬʱצ裬ʼʼʩ
ͣͣͣͣ
צӰϯ䣬ʮʱ䣬׾˳ؽ׾˸նɱˡ
ʦ𣡡
ʦ𣡡
𽣶һʿڵһʱӵǰһ׸Χ£
û£̶ֳȵĻ֣Զˡ
һЦӵϽۻףȫ»׾Ļ档
ǿʲô
̯ƣ֮Уīľ꣬ڲ̺һģĻơ
ţ
ʲôꣿ
˷׷״ǰɢʶе龧ꡣȻûһʿܹϳ⾧
ûжϴ龧꣬ӦþǴ˵еɻꡣ
һʮƶ
˻
䣬ȫһƬڣÿһʿԼĶ䣬
ʲôǴ˵ֻɽеɻꣿ
̫ˣ⾧ɽɻ꣬ôͿʴħħϵʯˡ
һǾлѽħħˡ
һ˵еľ꣬Ǵ˵еɻ꣬ȫƲסϲ
ʦ⾧ӺζСʵ
Ǻǣö꣬Ҵӻ׾˵ڵõġö꣬ڻ׾˵ڣǣ׾˵ĻȴȻͬȻǺ챻ǿע֮еľꡣ
пܣа۹Ϊ֮ɻ޵ڣսĹУռɻ꣬Ӷ⿪ħħ
׵
ͷȷĿԡ
̫ˣԭǻΪ޷ѽħħˣֻΪһˣû뵽ɽˮ·һ塣
𽣶ʿȫϲ



1547 ֮
ǲɻֻ꣬ҪԿ֪ˡ
΢΢һЦһöɻģسŽϵһöʯȥ
һɻ꣬ԼĪСָϸĻ֣һ㣬ϯʯ
͡
ʱһһյϵشĤ
ڳһʿȫᵽɤ۵λá
顭
ڣʱ䣬ϵһʯһ˿Ϩ١
ɹˣ
Ǵ˵еɻûˣ
̫ˣȻ봫еһģһɻܹʴʯ
һ󻶺ȸԾ
΢΢³һзٻʢ
ǺǣֻҪռöɻ꣬ͿԽħˡʱҵٶȾܹһءܹռʮöɻ꣬ôԽħҲһ򿪡
ʱҾָܹ֮սҲˡ
Ц
ϲʦ𣡡
ϲַ
𽣶ǧˣ׷׹ֵϲ
̧ͷһ۽𽣶һʿȻһʮֿա
ϧǣֻʥĻ׾ڣŲһöɻ꣬һˣҪָ֮ҪʮöɻꡣҪɱʮͷ׾˲С
ҪǵĽħħȫҪǧöɻС
һʱоһɥ
𽣶ǧˣȫӿЦ˵Ŀɬ
ǧöɻ꣬ҪնɱǧͷʥĻ׾ˣǲɵ
˵׸նɱǧͷ׾ˣӵս·֮УҲδػǧͷ׾˹նɱ
ʦ𣬱ˣֻҪָܹ֮㹻ˡ
ʦĹŷϺҾͽ߾ȫεͷˣ˼ˡ
ǸûַܰæΪۣǲӦá
𽣶ǧˣбȴ׷׳οס
׾ĬƬ̣ҧ³һ仰ǷģڣԲһӳܽħħ
˵ţöɻ˳ʯԱߣ飬ֺϯһʱ䣬ͽϵöʯʴϡ
ߣǼ·
״һӣһȵس·ϯȥ
𽣶ǧڣȫϡ
һ֦
˵ڻĹŷڵ·֮ϣǧķҾ񣬼һ𣬺Ƹһ·֮Ϻֱײûܹ赲
ڵһؿλޡǰĹŷҵǧ׵Ĵ£ֻķϢʱ䣬ͽͷλ޸ɱһա
ڵڶؿ׾ˡǰ״λ龳ĸ֣ǳ׿ƿŸ߶˵ķ壬ȻħħˣɱȫѹסʥĻ׾ˡ
Ƿףǽ˳ڵ޾ѹ֮£׾˷׷׷ܿһغԹԵؽöɻ
̫ˣ׾˵ڣȻһöɻ꣡
׽öɻģŲõЦݡ
Ǽ룬նɱޣ˵Ƕָܹܷ֮

׺ɣһӣŻĹŷҵǧڣ·ϯȥ
ĹŷҵͬǣϺҵĽչҪࡣ
ڵһؿλޡǰϺҵûʲôѣͽеλ޸նɱһա
ǣ˵ڶؿ׾ˡǰϺҵǧھѡ
ϺҴ˷ǰʿУҲľӵʥΪѰʦҲԪ۷徳硣
һͷʥĻ׾ˣϺҵһʿʱЩв
˵ͨˣʥľڣڽħħ£ɥʧԪƾǣҲǻ׾˵Ķ֡
ڼľա챦̡֮£߶챦̣֮ٻ˳
֮飬Ȼ챦ƷԵӵķ֮飬̺ķ֮ȴǷǳֲġ
ľڴ߶֮飬ͷ׾˼գ˳ؽͷ׾˸նɱˣõöɻꡣ
ڳŽɻʴʯҳɹ֮ľȷ˻׾ľʯǴ˵רſʯɻꡣ
ȻҼѵնɱͷ׾ˣõ˴˵еɻꡣǣÿһͷ׾ڣֻһöɻ꣬ʵ̫ˡ
ҪָɣҪʮöɻ꣬Ҫնɱʮͷ׾ˣҵ⼸ǲɵ񡣡
˵ϺһǧҪָ֮ˡ
ľΪϺҵһ֮ϵ˰Σһ㣬͸оѹɽ󣬺һ̩ɽѹͷ
ܵ˵ļҽ֮£ؿ֮󣬻ĹŷԺܣĽ𽣶죬Ϻһƿǡ



1548 
ಣಣ
׼ɣɿس·ĸ񱼶ȥ˳նɱͷ׾֮ЩȲҪնɱޣʣʮöɻ꣬Ӷָ֮
֮ǰһŽ𽣶ˣһ·񱼣ʮʱ֮ǰȻʣֳһϰ׸ߵļ̨
һͨʯ͵Ĺϼ̨ķ̨֮ԿŸָĹطģ׽ֻоһĵϢ
ףȻһ̨·ϡ
׾һ̧ͷԶļ̨²ͣ˳ż̨̨ףɿʰϡ
𽣶ǧڣҲ׷׽
ܿ죬˱˹ϼ̨ıԵһ̧ۿ̨롣
ֻһۣȫһǿ˼ΪֲһĻÿһ˵ףȫȵŤ
ʲôޣ룬塣ϢΪۻ룬Ȼʥޡ
˾
һĳûжϴӦþǹżмصޣҽ
Ŷʱ𽣶ǧڣȫؿףȴ׽һĽ⡣
˵ޣɽһֱȽϳޣȻֻһľΪʵսȴʥҪһ
һϾĿż̨еʮͷޣ䡣
Ϊʲôܹʥ˸е˼顣
Ϊ޵ĹǳǿǽɱΪڣӰȥ磬ٶʥĸһָѰʥмܣͨͬʿһޣױڶʱ͵Ϯ֣Ӷһնɱ
׳
ȫһ󾪺ʧ
ʲô
޾Ȼ˵ĿֲӿɾˣǸ޵Ķ֣
ʦûнħħ£ܹսʤһֻޣѾǷǳѵˡͷޣ¾ֻķˡµą̃ڲʮͷޣ¾龳֣Կ⡣
ô죿ѵҪֹڴ𣿡
˼һš
׵üͷšһ֣ĬΪ䡣
ڴ˵Ⱥȥȥ
Х׵졣Уƽ˵һ仰
ʲôʦҪż̨޽ɱ
Ҳ̫ΣˣԲȥ
ʦʮͷޣ龳ĸ֣֣ͲҪˡ
һ˵Ҫż̨ȫд󼱣׷ǰȰ衣
΢΢ƣҡҡͷ˵޷ǳɲǣҲû㡣
һ㶡
Ȼٶȿ죬ߡǣǵķֻҪܹǣ׾ܹˡ
⣬ǿѹ֮£ͻսɥʧս
΢΢һһʮطӵϽۻ壬ȫûҪֿɹЩҪʱڽնɱǲܵġ
ֻҪܹսپעλȫûлʤ׵
ʦмɰգ
𽣶һڵӣһ׵ķȫΪȻ
Ҳ˵״Žħħˣȫʢ״̬£Ҳսʤʮͷޡ
ʵϣǻָ֮龳ֻ֣֮ززķݡ
׵ǹƥϽۻ壬ҲսʤʮͷޣϾһڵ£׸ֵĻᶼӵС
ɰգ
׿Цһҡҡͷһɡ
һɣ
𽣶һڵӣпһƴ赲׵ǰ˵ʲô׽ż̨ڲ
֮£ֹֻ
ʦ԰꣬취Ȼʱ޷ɹأǣţϺһǻĹŷңڶʱڴؿ
ԣǸż
һ̫һ
ҡҡͷЦѡ
һأϺҵľҪسɹҪ߶챦еķ֮飬Ҫٿط֮նɱʮͷޣǲɵ񡣳ǣϺһ֪ĵơ
ǣĹŷҪͨصĿ飬Ӧǲġ
׷
ţ
ΪʲôĹŷܹͨصĿ飿
Ϊ֮һ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣȻɱٶȾˣҲǳԡǵķѹ
ֻҪǰڵѹ֮£޵սһǧɣʱ򣬻ĹŷҵΧ׾ٵ顣
߬ȭͷ



1549 ɳ©
˵һһЦѡ
񣬽𽣶졢ĹŷϺڽмҵĽֻͨ·Ŀ飬ܹýɸż̽Ȩ
̭·һʧ
·õĵؿǳĿֲֻлĹŷʵͨζʲô
ζŽ𽣶Ϻңпܻᱻ˫˫̭롣
ѵҪԴ𣿡
ԸĹŷҲ޷أһȫڵأûʤһôҲͲܻ̭ˡ
ҪҲһͺˣѹޡ
۷׷ס

һʱ΢΢һЦȻûеǽȴǲ١˵ţһ׹ǹ˳
ͬϴŵħƽצ
Ȼ˵׹ħƽצֻа벽𣬵ܹɢƣǳֲŲСӰ졣
ϧˣǰı֣˱У񱦻类ӡҸ޷ָٻ
ԸܹԸԳ
غһ
ǧ˵Ŀ֮£һȫ߶
𡭡
໡
ˡ
ֻһ춯صĺХϵشħƽצ׹ǹڲ
ƺͷϹޣȲҪӽڲһһޱȿֲѹȡ
ʱһѹ糱سŹż̨ڲϯȥ
𣡺𣡺
ͻѹùż̨ڲʮͷ궯ڹż̨ڲشܶзһĺϵʳ᲻ʱȶţ󾢷硣
ȫᵽɤ۵λá
֮󣬵޲ûдӹż̨з˶ļƣ΢΢³һ
ż̨ڲƺһ󷨣һ룬Ͳ׳
Һʮͷ޲ܳĻǿ϶Ҫꡣ
ѹ֮£ʮͷܵ˲СӰ죬ÿһͷ޵Ϣάڰ벽ʥһϢ
۷׷ס
벽ʥô
׿ЦһȻ⡣
ʮͷ벽ʥޣȻܹսʤġ
ˣ۳ɰܣֻзһˡ
ʦ㲻еһǰķľż𣿸Ͻó˵һܵķڣصϣ
˽
ľż׿Цһһͽľż˳ʶ̽ľżڲҡҡͷԴҽżڣľżѾʧȥáɸżڲһһܹҪȻĻľżʧȥЧá
ľżڲŵһܵķֻҪͳľżһܾܹǧ֮ӦӶ߶׶ɹѡ
ǡ
ľżҲʲôʱõġ
׽컯ɾǰ˱λ棬Եһܵ޷ٸӦľżĴڣȻҲ޷߶ˡ
׽ɸż֮УطͬйϴõһܶϾľżĸӦ
ԣҪ·֮ͳľżõһܵķԮȻǲܵġ
ҡҡͷһֱӽľżڡ
ʦһ֮
ûҲԵɢȻǧڼƣҲδһǿᣬʤޡ
ʦһһҪСģʵڴ򲻹˻׻˵ɽڲûգ
𽣶ǧˣ׷״߶еķڵϯѹŹż̨ڲޡ
ܿϧǣǧڵˣͷŶѹ޵Ӱ첢
ɱ
ױһɫͫУɢǵĿֲâһΣسŹż̨ڲ˶ȥ
顭
Ȼһ̣˿ЦõһĻˡ׵壬׺ݵײһ͸֮ϣصط
ۡ
׷һҺòסΡ
ʦû°գ˷׷ǰ꺮ů
ҡҡͷܣѰŹż̨ڡ
ܿ죬׵Ŀ⣬һһߵɳ©档
ɳ©ǳŹ֣ǿż̨Կס״ǵһߵɳ©ǰһӣֱӽɳ©˹
ʱɳ©еɳӣ䣬ͬʱһɫţɳ©Աߡ
Ҳµûɳ©ȷǿż̨ԿףֻǣеĲ̫һɳ©壬ܸʱ䷽档
׽Źż̨ϵɳ©оɲѵɳ©еɳһŸɾż̨ĳھͻ
ʱ򣬾ͻᱻڹż̨У
뵽һֿԣŲż̨ڲǾԣȴɳ©еɳ⡣



1550 Ĺ
˵עĿ֮£һߵɳ©صţɢŵӫɳӣе»ţʱһһţԼĪʱʱ䣬ɳ©еɳȫ©⡣
ɳ©еɳӣܹάְʱ
ڰʱʱڣҪʮͷȫɱС׹ʱ䣬ɫʮϾ
䡭
ʱ˾һĻˡ
һߵɳ©ո©꣬ż̨ڲϣٿرʢֳһټĹϷġ
ͬʱʮͷޣȫΪһտɫı⣬ʧ١
ףż̨еȫʧˡ
ǹż̨ڲĹϷģʲôǿһۣ͸һ־޴ѹ
𽣶һʿȫզпһصɴ˫
𣡺𣡺
Ŀ֮£һ̣ĿһĻƾճˡ
ڹż̨ϣһϯÿһ⣬һýӰȥȻһͷͷϢۻ룬ɱڵޡ
ЩޣȫŽ⣬˫ʮ۾
ܿ죬ż̨ڲֳʮͷޡ
ţ
ֻˣ֮ǰޣ״̬Ҫõöࡣ
Ϸģзӳֵģܹ޻ָ״̬
һ󾪺
ԣʮͷޣ֮ǰʧޡ
Ȼѹɤ
ʲôʮͷ޲֮ǰʧޣ
ѵһ޳ˣ
һؿס
׵˵ͷûжϴż̨һʱɱҪڰʱʱڣʮͷȫնɱлһٴһؿĻʱһͻµʮͷ޳֡
ԣ𽣶һʿȫһԼĶ䡣
ţż̨ҪδҲ̫ϿˡʮͷޣѾǳֲˣȻʱ䡣
ڰʱʱڣûܽ޸ȫնɱôˢʮͷ޳˷նɱ
һ̾ϢаĹؿʮֵĲ
ֻ龳ϵĸ֣ϣͨ·Ŀ飬Ѱʿǽҵɸż·Ҳͨ顣
΢΢һЦٿ˫һһȵؿż̨ϵĹϷġ
ǣǡ
˫ð⣬զп
ʦôˣ
ȫؿס
̫ˣ޾֮·
ӣҪͨż̨Ŀ飬Ӧ׾ٵˡ
׸ƶЦƺ뵽һơ
䣬ȫ𾪣𽣶ǧڵӣȫѯÿһʿǳʲô취ܹż̨Ŀ顣
ʦʲô취ܹͨż̨Ŀ飿ٵĿеʵ
΢΢һЦָż̨ϸֵĹϷģǿż̨ϵĹϷģһdַ׭
а۲õķģңõõа۵һַ򴫳УֻҪҴ߶壬ûһdַ׭ż̨ϵądַ׭ɵɱԺɱ󲿷ֵޡ

˷׷׵ͷĿתؿż̨ϵĹϷġ
ʮͷޣſڹϷ֮ϣÿһͷ޵ϣɢŵӫ⡣
ʿ˵ϵķͼΡ
񣬾һѣ˷׷ϸ̽ż̨ϵķģϵķģһӴądַ׭ʱȫʧ־ϲ
̫ˣʦҪܹ˳һܹɱޣһǾܹˡ
ɽˮ·һ塣ַƾа۴һַ壬ûһödַ׭ǽڤʸˡֻҪʼʩһܹɹ
ҪܹͨؿĿ飬ôǽ𽣶˵ᳬԽϺĹŷңεͷ
һ裬üΪ
ȣ
ٿأ׵ͺһתڵķ壬ʱһ»ɬķ򲨶طܿ죬׵Ĵ߶֮£ûһöƴСądַ׭
ˣɳ©ͽż̨
׳
δ䣬߰˸ʿɱǰְ˽ŵذŪһߵɳ©Сص
С
ʱһɳӻƽ˺ѣϵشĤ
׽Ųһ٣֮ڲ
ʦСģ
һҪɹ
𽣶ǧʿȫ˫ֺʮš
𣡺𣡺
ײż̨һ˲䣬ſڹż̨ϵʮͷޣͺһͷͷһس׷˶



1551 ȫû
˶ޣ׺޾ɫһӣƴСądַ׭ϸһı
ʱ˾һĻˡ
ԭɱڣĿޣ׵ǰٿͣ˽Ųһŵһ˫ضףĿã
ƺȫŅdַĵףЩС
ţ
ЩޣƺҶҶˡ
üͷһɵϲЦտº޹˼ɵؽŲһתɿسŹż̨ɱȥ
⡭
ܿ죬׾ʹ޵ĲΧ˹ż̨ϡ
ĲʦܹһȺɱڵ֮ͥŲ߶
ֳօdַ׭ַз壬ƺҶˡӣЩޣΪӡ
һַֻҪ÷е޶һغ
𽣶һʿȫ˷ܵصɴ˫궯˫֣ȲҪ״ɱķ

ٿأְֳƴСądַ׭ԳŽµľ޴ȥ
ˡ
ֻһż̨ϵądַ׭׵֮£ҵزһеądַ˹
¡¡¡¡
һʱ䣬ż̨ҵ޾ķ֮ա
𣡺𣡺
ż̨ڲһͷͷޣƺܵΣգÿһͷ޶һĲҺڹż̨ڲš
ܿ죬׵Ĵ߶֮£Ҳķ֮Ȼ𵴵˼״̬

ٿأֻһȣȫ֮
¡¡
¡¡
ʱǳѣ޾񳱣ԨƺһسŹż̨˷ϯ
顭
֮ЮޣȫʧҺŵڵأԽѣҡ
һЩڹż̨Χޣѣ̱ڵأһʳ᲻ʱزһ¡
ǿ쿴ʦ˷֮˵ˣûһͷܹ˵ضһ٣
֮ϯż̨ڲĿռ䣬޾ٶ죬Ҳ޴ɱǼΪ顣
ҿǶڹż̨棬Ŵػ񳱸ڴڲĻҲ˴롣Ҳַ֪ôˣûˡ
𽣶һʿһ࣬۷׷ס
ż̨ڲ罥̳ɢ䡣
˹еĿ֮У׵Ӱ˵ǰ˾ϲǣȫŵЦݡ
ɹ񣬻ʮͷޣȻиˡ
ʦûˣ̫ˣ
ΪĹʮеһĴڣͶأ
룬ǵĻĹŷңҲԲܲһһ䣬˳ͨؿ˵ѾԾһλˡ
˻ȭͷΪ׸еԺ
սеҪõöࡣ
ż̨ڲͦǹĹˣʮֻޣһ붼ˣʣµޣҲˣս
һ׸Ҫ£ܹսɨϣ˳ͨż̨Ŀ顣
ż̨Ŀ飬ǳϿǻĹŷңҲδܹڰʱʱڣʮͷնɱ
˵Ѿ˻ĹŷңԾһλˡ
мᲽµһͷͷȥ
ţ
ʲô
û߼ٿǰһһؿƤ֮¶һ塣
һץһħƽצץ֮£һö˳׵֮С
ɻ꣡
׽еľ꣬ɵļϲ
û뵽޵ڣҲɻꡣ촽пܣ½Ųͣһͷͷ޵ʬ֮շתŲ
һʱ䣬׾Ѽ˶ʮöɻꡣ
ǿ쿴ʦ޵ҵ˴˵еɻ꣡
̫ˣɻ꣬ʦͿѽħħָ֮ˡ
̫ˣʦָ֮Ͳˡ
𽣶ĵһ󻶺ȸԾ
ȽҵĽħħ⿪˵
ż̨ڲŶʮöɻ꣬΢΢һЦһɻ꣬ϵһöʯ֮С
͡
һʯӦѡ
Ʒɣɻ꣬ϵʯȫʴһա
һ׽ϵĽħһڵأһ죬ţһҫ۵Ĺӽħڲϯɢ˴ķģɢ١



1552 Ļ
ڳɹ˽ħ
촽ļѡһ˫ţĿܡ

ţֽŲͣöɻ׼˽ħϵʯ飬죬ħڲľſʯӦѣħһڵء
΢΢һЦŲõЦݡ
飡飡飡
պȭÿһȭþХ鱬졣
׻һֽţǵسŹż̨ΧʮͷһϢȥ
ûϵʮͷ޵ڣҲɻ꣬ӣҵԻָ֮ңԴռɻ꣬ҽ𽣶ˣҲָܹ֮
һˣһͷ޵ǰħƽצ͵һӣһֱӽ޸նɱˡ
צһһöɻ׵֮С
ܿ죬׾ͽͷ޸նɱˣռöɻꡣ
ż̨еʮͷޣֻʣͷޣһϢţ״ǵǰͺƿ٣ɵĻ䣬һİ
ƺģƺڿߡ
˫ֱأ·ûиϾɱ˼΢΢̧ͷŹż̨ΧĵӴʣ¶೤ʱ䣿
ǧڵӣ׷תͷɳ©ķ
ʦ𣬻ʣһʱ䣬նɱͷޣǴ´ˡٵش
á
׵˵ͷһӻͳһö鵤УأԾĵ
ţ
ʦΪβʣͷ޸һնɱˣ
ֻҪʣͷȫϾɱôܹͨż̨ĿˡǿĹŷϺҾҪֶС
𽣶ĵһ󾪲
ż̨Уƺڶӵۣ΢΢һЦҪȨһο顣Ӷùż̨ˢ³ʮͷƿа۴ķ壬նɱ޸ûʲôѡ
ֻҪռ㹻ɻ꣬ͿԽϵĽħħȫ⿪һָ֮
˵е뷨
𽣶ǧڵӣȫΪ֮һԼĶ䡣
ףȻڻָ֮֮ϵµӣֶͷʱռɻ꣬Ϊµӽ⿪ħħ
Ƕôΰľ
ʦ̫ΰˣΪǵͳ˧λȨأȻܹ˽ŵͷֳܹ˼ǣ˷ٶ˸м㣡
Ȼǳϣַܹʹһɻǽ⿪ɻ꣬ǣôһʱʵ̫ˣпܣĹŷңʱ򣬺롣
ͳ˧ΪģǸͿأǡ
𽣶һڵӣȫ۷׷ף׵ľٶжˡ
ʱҴţܿ죬һߵɳ©Уɳȫкһա
ż̨ĵϣʱֳһӴądַ׭ҴͷޣԻΪһ⣬˵ڲ˲ʧ١
ȣ
ײҵǵسŹż̨شɱȥţȫ߶ڷ壬һöƴСądַ׭û֮С
ಡ
֮䣬ʮͷޣͻûһӵ֮ϯƾճڵ֮ϡ
񣡡
ϧûʮͷվӣ׾ȫ߶壬
¡¡¡¡
ʱ֮ǰһĻ龰ٶݡ
ʱ֮˳ռʮöɻ꣬ͷޣ֮ԷͷޣҪȷż̨ˢ³µ
ʱܹռʮöɻ꣬ôһʮʱͿռ˰öɻꡣͣЪҪʱ䣬ܹ㹻ɻµӽ⿪ħħ
һжʱԤС

һ·Ϻҵһ˵ȣҲһصļ̨֮ǰ
ãȻʮͷޣ
ľһż̨е͵һһʱд
ʲôޣ
˺ѯʡ
ľһһʮؽһϺҵˣȫһ󾪾壬оɥ
ʮͷʥޣ˾ûʤĿܡ
οܿ˷ɳ©ڽɳ©֮󣬷ʱƣңͼɹء
ؿʵ̫ˡ
ҲֻлĹŷܹ˳أĽ𽣶죬Բܹء
ľڰ̾һʤѷ֣ʤǻĹŷңϺ𽣶춼ʧߡ
ûбİ취ǿɲɥڴ˰
˰
ľ̾Ϣһתͷ˹ż̨ãջûС
ԭ·أѯ·ͯӣܲбĳ·ľڵ
ˣƺֻ취ˡ
Ϻҵһϵͷͬ
ߣԭ·ء
ľڴһӡ
£ҵǧڣ׷׸ľڣͷɥԭ·ء

Ĺŷҵǧˣ˹ż̨ıԵĿصŹż̨еޡ
ΪĹҵļ棬Ȼ֪޵
ʮͷʥޣؿѶȣʵ̫ˡ
ңʱģҪڰʱڣʮͷ޸ϾɱҪȻż̨е޾ͻٶˢ¡
ںķһʱ֮̽󣬷Ȼڹż̨Ĺؿָơ
˵޵ķֿѹҲǳӡ
ֻҪ޺ܿͽΪ׸߹ֵһᡣ
Цһûн޸
Ľ飬һһٻ˳
һ죬һֲܾ࣬ͳŹż̨ڲѹȶ£ʮͷޣǾ֮һ׷װڹż̨ڲδܡ
ǿ쿴Щ޵Ϣֻ൱Ԫ쾳磬̶ֳȣֵһᡣ
мڣڰʱڣնɱʮͷԪޣ׾ٵ顣
ǺǣǻĹŷ֮⣬Ϻ𽣶Բܴء
Ĺŷҵһ󻶺ƺѾ˳εͷΪյʤߡ
ɱ
ɱ
״صسŹż̨ڲɱȥ

ǧķˣһŷ
˵Χ֮£ܿʮͷޣͱһ롣
ţ
޵ڣȻһöɻꡣ
նɱһͷ֮µķ֡
ס֣ס֣

ʱΧ޵ķˣȫֽͣšһɻתͷ졣
벻ָ֮һƣζһЦ
룬Ȼˣ
˭һΪˣȻеϣָܹ֮
а취ǻָ֮
ͬһĿ¶ϣؿ졣
ҡͷһЦȫԹ¼ͷޣӶùż̨ԴԴϵˢޣһͿԴ㹻ɻ⿪˵Ľħħˡ



1553 
Ĺŷҵһʿȫ־ϲһĿ¶ؿ졣
ǣһǽ˷Ѳٵʱ䣬ⲻǵһ·εͷ
һ뷢԰׵߳
޷
׵һЦ죬عż̨ѶҲˣ˵ǻĹŷң𽣶ϺҶܴһأԣȫԷѼɻꡣ
һЦȫͬص˵ͷ
⼸ͷһˢ¡һӡ
ܹǧˣÿһҪʮöɻָܹ֮꣬ż̨еɻ꣬ÿʱܹѼʮöҲ˵ҹЪҪһʱ䣬ܹе˻ָ֮
ãǾҹЪȫѼɻ꣡
һЦ
л
л棡
Ĺŷҵһˣȫл

ʱư׾Թ϶ת֮䣬Ѿȥʮʱ䡣
ʮʱڣŽ𽣶ˣҹͣѼɻꡣͬʱĹŷҵˣ׵Ĵ£Ҳһ̲ͣѼɻ꣬Ϊ˽⿪ħħ
ΨϺҵˣڼľڵĴ£ͷɥԭ·أ޿κεѡȨ
һգľڴˣ·ڴ·ڴһʯ
·ͯӡ
·ͯӣܷһ𣡡
ľڴ
ಣ
ٿأһտɫӰƾճľڵǰ֮ǰֹ·ͯӡ·ͯһ磬촽˵÷Ρ
Ϊʲôˣ
·ͯӵĮɨϺҴͷɥˡ
ͯЦϺҵһͨ·ĿˡǰػܹǿӦһأͷǳˣǻûȡʤĿԡ
һѡȨϣܹ׼ʣǴ·֮гȥ
Ϊһ֮ľڣһҾ̬ʮֱ΢
·ͯӵһЦϷŰʵһ·Ҿ֪Ƕ޷·йؿൽأҪظ
ȻҲһš
·ͯһȻ
ֻϺ˵ĶУ׶̣˺޵ڸû˵ҳԹ
ǽ·֮ǰѾ߹ǣ֮УֻһԽ뱦̽·һʧ
·ͯĮ
ʱϺҵһˣȫĵһĽ֮ɫ
ͯӣֻҪܹһϺҵ񣬸ʲô۶Ը⣬̧ܹ֡
ľɤɲϣԼȫɥȪ
ߣа۶µĹأһСС·ͯӣܹ˵ģ·ͯһЩм
ˣˣ·ͯȫûأƺֻ·һˣ
ааһɸżȻؿ԰Ρ
û뵽ǷǵûҵأҪڴˡ
Ϻҵһˣȫ̾
ҲǸǿһЦˡ
һҵˣ·ͯٿЦ׽Ū˵С˳óһǳ⡣
ţ
⾿ôһ£
һɫŹֵؿ·ͯӡ

ұɸ̫̫ˣõѾ֣¡
òһʿȻԸŹûᣬҪǿһСЦ
·ͯӺȻ̾һ鱯
ľ뼸ѰʦӿЦ
ԭϺҵˣȫ·ͯӵӡ
ͯӣ˵Ǽ㴳ʧܣҲˣľ׷ʵ
·ͯЦŵ˵ͷֻ˵ǽ·һͬʧɴû˵ǻᱻǹˡ

䣬Ϻҵˣȫһһϲͯһֱ
Ȼǲñǣûҵ׼ʣȻ޷·гȥ
Ȼ·ͯ˵ע˹ȥ
ͯӣֻҪܹ⿪һ·ʲôҪ󶼴Ӧ㡣
ľһһǬ˳ǬУе衢ʯ鵤ҩȫ׸㡣
˵ţĨȥǬеѪ֮˫ţݸ·ͯӡ
ң˭ϡá˵ˣֻһ飬ɸ֮УòЩ
˭룬·ͯӿö࿴һۣЦһһת˵ɣ죬ҽ£Щ緢£ʲôʱˣȻǿڣǵԴ·гȥ
·ͯüͷһһϣؿľڳһˡ
죿
£
ϺҵһˣЩͷ



1554 
ûϵ·ͯӾȻһҪ󡪡Ϻҵģ£·ͯӶ֡ʲôʱ·ͯˣͿ·ĳڣϺҵ˷ųȥ
ȻҪǳĻǶϺҵ˵һĺϢ
٣ⲻúķʲôֻҪƤӣͿҴ
Ƚ
һЦЦ˺öꡣ
ҸͯӽҵӢ¼գ
ϺҵˣȫԸ£ҪȽ¸·ͯʱһƬҡ
Դˣ·ͯʼЦģ˿ûз˼Щϲ
һһ𳳡ľںǳһʱѻȸ
ãһ죬¡Ѿ¶̫õʱ䣬еϣܹҽ
·ͯҪ
ǺãͯӵҪ󣬴һͯӣͯӽϣҶ䣬ҪҪͯӲˣ롣
ľһ
£ϺҵˣȫС䣬ͨ·ͯӽн
ͬʱǧڽн·ͯ˿ңĵ࣬ĳȡ
·ͯӵ˷ģľڰһ
̫ˣԭΪʧ߽ĴۣڿƺеĲ̫һ
ľڰһ𽣶ĵӣҲغⲻˡ
ľڿʣĻĹŷ𽣶Ľտ϶ԻĹŷҵʤΪ֡
Ȼ츳׿һǣ𽣶ʵ֮ĹŷҪһΣǲʵ
Ƶָһ˲䣬µʱʹҴҹȥˡ
µʱһ̲ЪѼɻ꣬Ǵ㹻ɻꡣ
ȣ
϶صĹż̨ڲ͵һֵһ޸նɱˣһΣһնɱʮͷޣ˳˹ż̨Ŀ顣
¡¡
Ȼ䣬һɽѰľ죬شĤ֮С϶صĹż̨ɿ³׹ص֮Уգʧ١
һԾڹż̨ص׵ǰһ̣˳
쿴ʦɹش˹ż̨Ŀ飬
ʦѾѼ㹻ɻ꣬ӣǽ𽣶ˣܹ֮ˡ
ͳ˧ǵĸ
𽣶ǧˣȫϲЦտЦס
ڣַɻꡣ
״ǵǧڵӵǰ
ǣ
ǣ
ǧڵӣ׷룬ȴ׷ַɻ꣬ÿһӵƲסļ
ȥ
һףһεɻһưôꡣ
ܿ죬ǧڵӣȫõʮ˿ɻ꣬һϹел
ʦӸм
лַʹͣ£
ÿһõɻĵӣȫ¶һĨõЦݣ׵Ŀ⣬˸м֮顣
׸ֶЦһ˳⿪ħħĵӣ˷ܵıģǳһ
ܿ죬׵Ĵߴ£ǧˣһؽ⿪˸ԵĽħħ¼ͣȴ׵ĺ
ڣȫ弯ϣ

״һӣһȵس·ļɱȥ
ħħȫȥˣ𽣶ǧڵӣνһɳ죬ʵһΡ
ͬһʱ̣Ĺŷҵǧˣ׵Ĵ£أһ̲ͣռɻꡣ
µʱͬջ񲻷ơǣΪż̨еޣÿʱˢһΣԣٻҪʮʱ䣬ܹ㹻ɻꡣ
µʱĹŷҵˣ˼٣ȻС˵ܹܵķΧ
û뵽ɸżеɻ꣬Ȼֱ֮֮࣬ȡ֮
Ц
ǺǣɽУΪӵޣ൱һаֻҪԸ⣬ץپܹץ١
ɻ꣬ɽ֮УҲȱа۵ͨ챾죬һЩɻʲô⡣
΢΢һЦ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
Ѿ¹ȥˣŽ𽣶ϺѾ˰գ
ǺǣǻĹŷң𽣶ϺҶܴż̨Ŀ顣
ʮ죬еˣָܹ֮ˣڴ
ÿһĹŷҵˣȫ˷ּ
ڻĹŷҵĵڣѾŻָ֮ǧڵӣǵԽ˹ż̨·ĸɱȥ
·ĸʲôĹؿڵȴ



1555 ѱ
֮ǰͬǣǧڵӣɱ˴ʱ䣬˵ĵؿǰ
ȥؿһټľ羵
̧ۿףᾪȵطڲȫȻûһֻϺһˮݣһϢŸС
ȫ˺󣡡
΢΢ӵһۿ⾵ʱ׵ĵӿֳһɲԤС
ʱ˻֣ý𽣶ĵȫˡ
𽣶ǧˣ׷׺󳷣Υ׵
⾵һּΣյĸоΪʲôҷĹˣûпһֻޣУһŹŹ֡
ʩչѰۣѰҾпصޣѰãûзһ˿
ѰۣǽһؼԿһлһȥ峺ףûһֻУԵ
³
ȥ
׺źˮ˾ش
顭
ȻԶһƬվŤһӰ˵֮С
ţ
ˣ
üͷһԶеӰ
һ̣ĿһĻˡԶУûεӰȻһģһ͵ŵ̬һֱͬͬһģ̳ġ
˻
ʱȫһÿһʿĿضԶӰ
쿴ԶľϿգȻûһӰֹ̬ʦһģһ
һǻ󣬵˱ĻҲǳѵˡ
һεľ飬֮ǰضͬԿ϶ǣĹصѶȣ϶Ҫǰǿ
𽣶ǧ۷׷ס
ţ
ѵǻ󣿡΢΢
壬һսա
ٿأһģһĻ󣬾һڣΪ֮һ
¡¡¡¡
䣬Χʱظֳһ͸֣ȫڲ벻á
˭ΪʲôҪûҵģһƣ䷢ʡ
˭װ
һЦЦ
ʲôף˭
ЦһмбԶӰ
ðƻȻԳףЩЦá
û뵽Ȼ˻ðԼ
ߣҵҪ㾿Ǻηʥ
һȫ߶ѰۣԶĻͬʱʶϯֻ󣬽̽һ顣
ѰۣԿһлȻڣԶеĻȴûܿ
ңʶĸĻòֹ̬һģһ
⵹ҲûʲôϾʿһ֮Ļò
ǣÿһ˵Ϣܸġ
ͨ˵ʿһʿİ취Ҫжϱ׼ǸӦԷϢ
һʿǶʮ䣬ֻҪϢû䣬ͺ
ǡ
ǰðƻȻӵһģһϢ
״ʧɫ
ǧǧ磬治Сû뵽ҾȻһٰðƻ
΢΢߬ȭͷһɱӿͷ
ÿһ˶Ƕһ޶ģ˫̥ͬȻڣ׵ǰͻȻһԼ׷ǳԽܡ

ŬԷʱ̣ðƻٿЦһڱһŽ⣬ȫţ˵Ⱪ͹צţһ׶ģ
ˡ
һХܿ죬ðƻͱɹ״̬һͷޡ

ͻһĻڳһʿȫĿɿڴ
⾿ôһ£ðƻҪ˵̬ϢʦһҲͰˣȻܹʦһΪ״̬
ѵһҲǽһĴˣĻΪʲôܹû״̬
ˣҪվһ𣬿ǶԱαʱ򣬲֪˭ǵͳ˧ˡ
𽣶ǧڵӣһֱ֣ð
ʲʲô
ȻñΪޣ
׵ɴһţۣһؿŶԷϵϽۣöδܷӦ
Ǻǣⲻʲôһħƽצء
״ʧɫģðƻһЦһͽһħƽצ˫֮ϡ
𡭡
벽ħƽצһ࣬ͽһǵĿֲѹϯ𵴣
Ȼħƽצ
׵пһ
΢΢ͷһ˫֮ϵħƽצشϣ׵ʱо档
ħƽצ״ħнɻսƷֻһΪʲôðƻУҲһħƽצ
ֱţ



1556 ֮ս
ʱһһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
һ׹һþ֮УǰĲֻһˡĻһжͲͨ
ãӪһĻþ̤뾵ʿԼսʤԼ
װ˼⣬ɫΪϾ
սʤĵˣǱˣԼҪһأҪսʤң
΢΢Ԫӿ
ɱ
ٿأðƻħƽצԳ׷˶ಣðƻ̤ӡӰɣƹȡ
ͬʱצӰЯϢѹԳѹ
ն
׽Ųһתȫ߶ħƽצͷųһĽâ
͡
צӰ뽣âغһ𵴣ѡ
ɱ
ҾͲţսʤһðƻ
ŭȳѪڡ
׹
ɷ̣
ðƻܿͷųɷ׹ײʾͬ׹ɷ̣òɿ
û뵽ðƻȻʦʵ£ֱš
ðƻȻʦеͨؼӵʦӵезʵ൱ɱνƾУ
ⳡսַҪսʤԼܹյʤǣҪսʤң̸ף
𽣶һʿȫΪһѺ
Х
ն
ɳ

顭
ðƻذ𵴡ٿأӰڵһЯױȵƣسײһһʱצӰ׷ɣֲӿȣҡػΣձѣӰΪ֮һΣƶߵķһصص˳ȥ
ۡһðƻѪ߹ǾϣüΪ
ۡ
ҲǿѪڵԪҪһա
Уðƻӵͬȵǡͨؼ츳Ѫڣսɱԣͬһˮƽϣѷֳ١
ȥðƻ֮ѷֳһпܻһܾˣͬھ³
촽Ѫһɴ̱ǵѪζӿڱǣɵһ
ֻͻң߾磬ܹյʤˣ
һˣ׵ʱҵʣ޼Ԫʼش߶աת·ߣȫתš
𻢶Ծʱ򣬾Ԫھ쾳ıݣһΣұҪͻƣһٲԪ죡
ҾͲţðƻҲܹһͻƣ߾磬ĻҾζ޷ȡʤˣ
ҧ⣬ĵʹȫļϸ
ɱ
ðƻ֮󣬾ͺ׶Ұһ׷˶ŭһʾͬǰ
顭
׻ðƻʱ˿ڵԪѾʣ޼ȫ˸ͨؼȫ߶ŷΪЧ似ɱš
ʦһҪӮ
Ҫսʤң̸ףһ;ÿһؿҪսʤңԡϣʦܹø߾磡
ַΪĹʮеһŽ壬Ѷһûɰ
𽣶һʿһ࣬۷׷ס
ͣͣͣͣͣ
սҹðƻȫ㾡ȫľڵһ˿һξѪ
ðƻص̱ڵأŭĿӣ׻ðƻУŭӿ̺һ˶ɵѪâ޲ýԷʬΡ
Ȼ׻ðƻ֧վԷһ
ҲǸˣðƻһһȪʼƴ
ðƻľٶϹž޲ûðƻһͳһȪջָϥܵر侲ڵѪأ԰ա·߷תš
ԪھĸоǿңƺһֻѾײԪھ졣
ʱһһţУȥҹ
ףߣȻȪָԪĪѾ׼Դˣ
ðƻ˴֧վ˫ϵħƽצɢ˸˸âһενɫѪҺ˳ʶ£ǡ
ãðƻȻָԪҪˣ
ʦΪβȫָԪӺˣ
ַ϶ԼĴ㣬Ҫ⾵ָˣھͿԲ뾵ڲַնɱðƻ
𽣶һڵӣȫᵽɤ۵λá


1557 ͻ
գðƻǵ׵ǰɿ˫צҪһٺ׵Դɱ
ˢˢ
ʱ˫Ŀζؿðƻ΢΢̣¶һĨ΢Ц
ļٲˣٵ治ˡ
֮䣬ʱһ˶ˡһðƻĿУһԾ𣬵ʱӿ޾
ֲѹϯȵѹסðƻ
ƺһʱһͣ
ʲʲôȻԪھ쾳磿Ŀֲѹðƻŵضףһͷģ
쿴ʦɹͻƣԪھ쾳磬
֮ʣַٶתƣѣò˵ַǼ࣬ڤڤ֮鱣ӣ
̫ˣһִһأεͷϣ͸ˡ
𽣶ǧڣȫϲЦտ

Ȼ͵رһȭðƻһȭ̺żΪµķ壬ȭӰ֮ϣûһödַ׭
ټһƬգһȭ֮£ƺ
ðƻ˫´һԴƺѾˣٷȭӰĺ£˵ȻըһͬƬȫķѣΪһƬޡ
顭
飬ҡػΡ
֮һлָƽ
վ³һ¶˲õЦݡ
ϲʦ˳Ĺأ
ַѲк󸣣
𽣶ǧˣ׷״ӵǰһӵ׵Χϲ
̷˼ö鵤ҩشһӣǰһҪڻĹŷ֮ǰͨ·Ŀ飡

𽣶ǧˣ׵֮£ǵس·ĸ

Ϻڵ·ڴԼĪǧˣӵ·ͯΧɫظ·ͯӽ£ӣܣ·ͯΪį̫õʱ䣬׾ͱָĹ¡Ц˵Ц֮䣬ʱҴҶ
ˣ
ܹҳô죬ѾǳˡڣҾͿ·ĳڣǸųȥ
·ͯӺȻ˰ֹ֣˵̸ЦЦ˵
䣬ȫʿȫ־ϲһΪ˷ܡ
ڳɹˣʱŬûа׷ѣ
̫ˣ·ͯԸ⿪·ĳˣȻûܰεͷɸڲ̽ǣܹҴˡ
ʵ·ͯҲͦģа۸ɸ֮У¶ȣû顣
۷׷ס
ͯӣһ󣬻ܹӦ
ľڳã¶˾ģǵ·ͯӵǰ˹֡
ʲô£㾡˵ա
Щĳģ·ͯȻڳʮϤˣ̸ס
ġ
ľһֱǳ֮ноûв´֮УֻлĹŷһлᴳ·𽣶Ϻңᱻ̭
һ٣ľڹ񣬡ϣܹͯ󷢴ȱ𽣶Ҳ·ĳڣĴ£Ϻ𽣶û
Ŷ
ԭǸ𽣶ġ·ͯӻȻһЦ˵ͷ
Щ·ͯϺҵǧ죬˽⣬˷ɸżеĽ𽣶졢ϺĹŷ˸Ϊ˽⡣
һľڸ𽣶飬һƣЦЦľڡ
ͯӣ
ľһϣؿ·ͯӡ
·ͯӺһЦ˵ͷãҴӦ㣬𽣶Ĺŷ˭̭ˣҶΪ俪·ĳڡ
ľҾлͯӣ
·ͯӰ˰֣һӣһȫŻ۶ɵĴţƾճ˵ǰ·ĳڡ
ͯӣǾиˡľڵ
ڡ·ͯӵͷһЦ
ǸˡϺҵǧˣľڵĴ£Դӳ˳ȥ
̼䣬ʧ١
һת֮ľϺҵˣ»صɸڴ
Ըһܹˣɸ֮УҵаıأҲǴҵż
ȵȽա
ľϯضʼ
Ȼ޷ɸżѰаıأǣɸڴȴǼŨһ鲻ɶõķˮء
䣬ͺԡɾ֮УȻԸ˷ȫһ̲ͣŬŸԵľΪ


1558 սū
ɱ˴ʱʱ䣬Ž𽣶һˣһ·ľͷ
ȥƣһɸ֮Уһ֮С
ɸڴϰ׸ߵ̽ʨӣŭһֻֻɺƶ˷裬ʱطһһڿʯ·ϣƮƮ֮С
Ѿ˳ͨ·Ŀ飬ɸż֮С
ٵЦ
֮ǰ·ͯǣ˵֮Уֻһܹɸżڲ̽
ʦǼȻѾɸżڲǲζǵһ·
ʿ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
û뵽ҾȻӮӵ龳ֵĻĹŷңǲװһп
ϧǣȻӮˣϺĹŷҵˣпܽ·һͬʧź
װ̾һ
ʦҲǱΣŻĹŷϺҵھȪ֮£һԭǵġ
Ȱοס
˦˦ͷʰһ飬ţһӣԳɸڲȥ
ڴ̽ʯʨӣɸŵʱһϤʯ˵֮С
ಣ
ʱһӰƾճ˵ǰȻǴһϮȵ·ͯӡ
·ͯӣԸоȣû뵽ɸڲܹ·ͯӡ
ϲǣǵһ·˳ɸżΪеյӮҡ
·ͯЦеףζ
Ҷѡ
׺һ䣬Ȼʲô׷ʵͯӣôˣ
·ͯ΢ƣζϣô
ױ·ͯӶЩëʵڵĽ𽣶죬ϺҡĹŷѣȻϣƽ¡
ãȻϣƽ£ôǾһܹƽ¡·ͯӵͷһЦ
䣬𽣶ǧˣɵ·ͯӵĻŪˡ
𣿴·ͯӵĿжϣƺʦûĹŷϺҵôܹô
ѵǽ𽣶ȴ·֮󣬾ӵɱȨܹϺĹŷң
ϺĹŷҵܹȻһĺ¡
۷׷ס
ףһ¡Ȼ·ֱͯѯһ顣
Ϊ֮һ㶣Ȼǳ·ͯӾȻܹ֪Լ֣ܿͻָƽ֪ģ֪޲𡣡
á
·ͯص˵ͷҴϣܵа۵Ϣǵõа۵ķ򴫳У
׵˵ͷ
ͯӲµò׵ڻԵɺ֮£컯ɾ֮Уһǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӡ
⣬һа۵һַ塣׵
ã̫ˡ
·ͯզ̾Դ׵̬ϣгһգܹ̳а۵²Ϊа۵²ˣ
·ͯһϿҵ˵
ңҡǫ
ϣܹɸá·ͯ΢΢һЦ
иǡ
״ǧڵӣƺƵزɸڲ
ɸڲһȺţʱߵ·ͨĴ֮ϣһҡ
ɷдһū֣ȫѪдͣɢǵѪϢ
ū
״ǵǰ̧ͷһϵū֣˼
ʦ㿴Աߵϵдһ֡
ұߵϣдһ֣
ҿһдš桯֣
С衯֣
ؾ
΢΢ɸеıأѾűഢˣ˲ͬţܹͨͬı⡣
ʦ֮ǰʱֻǳţҲ˵ֻ·Ϊıôࣿ
ʵ
׵һЦ·֮ͯǰ˵ôаɸżڣڲͬĽ䣬һνڣֻһ룬϶ڣܹͨı⡣
˻Ȼ
ֺ⣬ж봢鵤ҩ衯Ҳ⣬ʮа˾ŴʵǿսӵпֲѪ޵桯Ҳ⣬ڶ봢ѡ
ǡ⡮ūνͣ
˰ö²һȻ
ߣǽȥ
΢΢һЦǵؿдūֵڲǧˣæÿһ˶ȲҪ뱦һ̽


1559 õ
Ĺŷڵ·ڲڷ£Ĺŷҵǧˣȫһ̲ͣնɱޣܵѼɻꡣ
вʮʱ䣬ǾܹѼ㹻ɻˡʱǻĹŷҵˣȫܹѽħħָ֮
һ˷ܡ
¡¡¡¡
ȻʱټĹż̨ҡһʱ𵴣ҡػΡ
ţ
ô£
ãƺ
һʧ
ȥԭż̨еĶʮֻҴޣ˲ûһӰ˹ż̨ڲƾʧ١
ͬʱ϶صĹż̨Ҳɿس˵ص׿ռ֮С
쳷룡

ಡ
ʱĹŷҵһˣȫᲽӹż̨ڲԾ
Һôʱڹż̨Χ֣ѾʧˣĻĹŷҵˣҪŹż̨ص׿ռ֮С
ܿ죬ټĹż̨ƾʧ˵֮С
⾿ʲô
Ϊʲôż̨ͻȻƾʧˣ
ѵ˵ǿѼɻľٶڤڤ֮да۶µĹأ
Ĺŷҵһ۷׷ףо塣
ʱѼöɻ꣬Ҳǹż̨ڲɻ꣬ѾǸһˣ֮£ż̨һأֻͨˡ

˷׷׵ͷ
Ȼ˵ɻޣа˵ֵһᡣǣĹŷɱޣѼɻľٶǷǳģпܣа۲ûб㹻ɻޡ
ϧһ㹻ɻ꣬˵Ľħħ⿪ģڿƺǳ˵ˡ
װ̾һ
ߣǼ·һӡ
ųصĽħħһһӡ·
Ȼû߳ԶʿĽŲȫͣһɴ˫ضǰȻʧٵ·档
ȥһƬĿռ䣬δʱա
·Ϊʧˣ
֣⾿ô£ѵѾ·ейؿǣɸżΪβӰˣ
ʧ
ߣǺ󳷡΢΢˫ӿһĨԤС
ԭ·ء
Ȼͬû߶Զȥ·ҲͬʧˡĿһƬĿռ䣬˳ӿҡػΡ
ʲô
Ϊʲôȥ·Ҳʧˣ
һ̣Ĺŷǧڵʿȫʧɫ
ȻһӰӻռ֮һϮۣ٣һȣһģ
·ͯӣֶȥʱǰһ
ৡ
ʱʿȫѭ߿е·ͯӡ
˵Ŀ۽Լϣ·ͯ΢΢̣Į˼Ѿ˳еĹؿεͷԣѾ̭ˡ
ȫѻȸš
ĹŷҵˣÿһɴţۣԼĶ䡣
˵ʲôǱ̭ˣ
ȻͨеĹؿɸż֮Уôܣǽ𽣶컹Ϻңͨż̨Ŀ飬ǲܻ䣡
ˣӳˡ̫ڿԴûڵһʱ䴳أʧȥ˰εͷĻᡣӣǶΪ˸Ĵۣ
ҿɲҪǾˣδҲֵ̫ˣ
ĹŷҵһˣȫĻңһᡣ
ͯӡ
æݲǰ񣬡һ·ֻҪԸⷨ⿪ǻĹŷԸеĲƱ鵤׭⣬ΪţҲĸԸ
У޲ù·ͯӿͷл
ͯӷ⿪
ͯӸ̧֡
ʱĹŷҵˣȫһ¶֮ɫ
˵ľٶ·ͯӲɵʧЦҡҡͷҾȲǡа۶µĹأֻаεͷܹɸżңȨ
䣬Ĺŷҵڶ˲ɵϢͣ٣ɫѿ
ðεͷ
û뵽ǾȻˣΪ̭ߣ
֪˭ɹɸż֮УϺһǽ𽣶죬ǻĹŷҽãճƶϣǶܻؿǻĹŷѶŲʡ
ԸܹҴ
ĹŷҵһʿȫһֽĿ⿴·ͯӣš
ǻˣ
ȵĿ⣬·ͯӶһ٣չһЦǲлңҪлллװա
˵ţһӣֱӻûһȴţƾճ˵ǰ


1560 ٸ
ʲôͨ·˵ǽ𽣶죿
ûϵǻĹŷұཫ㣬ȻһĶ
ûĹŷңȻ˽𽣶ڼϴǿ϶ܴ裡
̰ᣬϵѹɻ꣬ںķ̫ʱ䣬˿ɳ֮˵ܹͨż̨Ŀ飬˹Ŀ࿴
ô˵嶼ǻĹŷңҪȻǻĹŷҵǧʿҪɥȪˡ£ǱضӿȪ౨
Ĺŷҵһ
ܡ
Ӱ͵һΣЩ̱ڵأûĹŷңȻܸһƿɶ
ܴ谡촷ض㣬ݺᣬ޲һطȥ
֮ǰһã˼棬Ѱżڡգɹƽżڣͷһʱѹһͷ÷ʮֲˬһúýѵһס
ã·𡱸˷һᣬֻҪĹŷ˳εͷ𽣶Ϻҵ·һʧ١
һܹ֪سжд̣ңҲ˵ʲô
˭룬ռݾ޴ƵĻĹŷңȻܸĽ𽣶죬ңջĹŷҵǧˣҪ׵İܹס
ֱһĶ⣬ϣ
Ҿɥĸоͺǳһֻĵĳ棬ÿһκţ
һδ漣ǲУ
ϣһΣǻܹҵɸżڣǸʱǾͻἳȡѵٺҵغķʱˡ
߰ɣȻûܽɸ̽Ҳһľˡ
׵Ĵ£Ĺŷҵǧʿӿ˳ڣһʱ䣬;ʧ١
ɸڴϺҵˣۼһҹЪš
ȻǧӰƾճ˵ǰ
ͻıʣھɵϺˣȫһһɴţۣĿؿĹŷҵˡ
㣬ǡʲôһͷɥķףľڲɵʧ
ҡǱ̭ˡװ̾һЦá
ࡣ
ǻĹŷҾȻ̭ˣľһĲ˼飬ܣǻĹŷҵΪڣҲֻǻĹŷлᴳعż̨Ϻ𽣶춼ܴż̨
ѵڴż̨ʱҲʧˣѡ˷
ľ뵽һֿԡ
пܣż̨Ŀ̫ĹŷҶѡ˷һϺĹŷҶѡȨĽ𽣶죬Ҳѡ
ʱȫ顣
ľڰļʱ򣬷ȳô£ǻĹŷȫ׵شż̨ĿˣֻЩԴصȴˢ£ӶѼ㹻ɻ˻ָ֮
û뵽ȻָûԽˡ
ְ̾һƺǳġأһת˵ûֲΪҵֵܣҸ嵨ǹ䡣һΣǻĹŷҵԴֵ˼
ľڵ˵ͷԴˣ·ͯһ֪ͨεͷӵɱȨ
ֻǣľ󣬶ûϵյӮһĽ𽣶졣
ȻǻĹʮеһŽ壬츳Ѫеķͬʿܹ󼰵ġ
ǼˣҲڰʱʱڣսʤʮͷʥޣ
ǺҪ֪һ﾿ô쵽ġ
ľϺҵһˣȫ۷׷ףȫ׸ˡ
һΪһʮþأû뵽Ȼ̭ûܽ뱦̽˼ٺˡϣżڱѰҵаıҲˡ
ҵһѰʦ̾Ϣ
ɸż֮Уǧʿһţͱǰΰ׳ľˡ
ǰģڱٸһΰĵЩĿ׶гУһ˫۾һһۣ͸о񱻶߸ˣͷƤëεѡ
ȥСС̬ıٸǧ֮࣬ÿһٸһ
Щʲôǵıٸ
ҸоЩٸ񣬺ǻһԣÿ£
ЩԲϡƽıٸһ
۷׷ףǵسһߴıٸȥ


1561 ҹ
׵֮£һǧߵľ޴ٸǰһ˫˵ľ鹭֣ͷһ״·˫̬ڤڤ֮ƺĳ˵İ塣
ǰҹ鹭֡
׿ٸµһʯдżйϵС֣ᵽˡҹ鹭֣֡Ǳٸݡ
ֵһǣʯϷдѪĴ֡սū
ৡ
ʱڳһʿȫǰϸĶʯϵע͡
ţٸȻǴ˵еսū
ԭɸıǴ˵еսūѹֻдһū֡
аǺôֱʣȻɸ֮дǧսū̬죬һЩսūͬ͵⣬սūͬǼƷսū
𽣶ļʿȾ
սū
һͷˮȻ״˵
ʦսūһūרŻսңսūѰūͬѰūҲǩԼһūͿԻָ֮սūȫͬˡ
һٵĵظ׽
սūʲôͬüͷһ
սūǩԼԼҪϿٱ˲ˣսūҲָܹ֮ǻ˵ָʾ£˵ﵣսūǸ˵²˵սūֻҪ˲Ը⿪սūڵԼսūֻΪū޷
䣬ײɵõһһľ֮ɫ
û뵽ϣȻбԼΪϿ̵Լ
ײУȻƳսūҪңԸ˶ϣҲԸΪսū޷
̾Ϣһ
֮£׸ܹܵǿܡ
ƿܣһֻҪˣҪ塣ңƳɹĿܣԳΪս
Ȼˣսūơ
һͬĿܣսūĶ֡ƿҪķ̫̫ľĵرսūȴǿЯࡣ
սūУΪ˽˵ĲƲһܣҪ˶øߵȵĿʬܹزٿؿΪá
ģսū壬ӵǣսУ˵İԶǿܹᲢ۵ġ
ӣ࣬һ㡣
׸пһ֮󣬼Ķҹ鹭ֽµʯڵעзһС֣ʱ׸ŵɫ԰ףöûܻ
ţûпգҹ鹭֣ȻȻǲ𾳽ĸ֣
׸
䣬𽣶ǧڵӣȫʧһ˫ɵúţһ
ʲôǲ𾳽սū
а۲ΪаۣǺþ˵ֱʣȻò𾳽ĸ֣һ΢սū
ݹ飬¶Ĳ𾳸֣Ҳֻеһ뺫̫ˡû뵽ǾȻɸżУһ𾳽սū
ҪܹõսūսūǺͺˡֻҪսūĸǽ𽣶Ʊؽһɳ죬һٳΪһ
𽣶ǧڵӣһ
ţ
ʯ·һۣһd״İۣ
Ȼ˫һԿʯϵһdַ׭İۣʱһΪ
ʦ쿴ⰼԿһС֡
һ䡣
΢΢ȥܿͿСֵݣõа۷򴫳е˶лսūĸ
ʲô˼
üͷһ˼˵ɸдսūΪֵõа۷򴫳е˶׼ģ
ûܵõа۷򴫳еʿ޷õսū
һˣ̵ģǳһ
ףǸõа۷򴫳е˶Ҳ˵һԵطˡ
̫ˣ֪а۷򴫳еֻһʦһںаֹǵĲڤʡ
ڤ񱻽ڳǣҵɸżڣԣսūǲᱻġ
һƺսūΪʦ׼ģ̫ˣ
࣬ÿһʿ񣬶Ľʺ޵ؿס
׵һЦȫתڵķ壬ܿ죬һƴСądַ׭ƾճ׵֮С
ˡ
dַ׭һΣڵϵǧսūΪ֮һΣţһ˫˫¼͵񣬷Ͷס
񣬾ͺǴһӹˣгһͻȻõһŮĴ࣬޷ѳסԼ


1562 
ǧսūͶĿ⣬ײɵ΢΢һЦǧսūеϣʿܹ併Ӷɸż
Ȼʿ֮Ȼݵ΢սūܱżбһĵҪǿöࡣ
һʹսūڴ뷨
壬
׵ͺһŵądַ׭ʱ׵Ĳٿ֮£âʢ̺һ˿˿ķ򲨶˵һԳŰҹ鹭ֵądְϯȥ
ܿ죬ƴСądַ׭û˅dְ֮Уȫҹ鹭֡
Ըܹˮɣ
ʦõ˲𾳸ֵսūǽ𽣶콫Ӵ˷ɻڴ
𾳽İҹ飬ݹ壬ܹ俹飬ָ֪𽣶ûĸ併
𽣶һʿȫ
ȣ
ȫ߶壬ͼҹ鹭֡
¡¡
ֻһĺ¡ǧɸߵİҹٿرʢӅdְзɳķģư쵺һ·裬ڰҹͼ份ѡ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬ޱȵýơ
ʱʱ䡣
Уƿصķ壬̫Զˡܻⰵҹ鹭֡
Ȼƺһһͽdַ׭˻
ıɢ䣬ҹ鹭ָֻƽ
ʦ𡣡
ʦ𡣡
𽣶ǧڵӣȫӵǰһɻס
ٲȻǳΪλ;Ѱҹ鹭֡
ǵõа۷򴫳е˶Ϳ׾ٵػսūҪ𾳽İҹ鹭֣Ҫƿصķ壬Ҫƿصķϰٱ
ңҪսūҪĴķ֮һγԻѰҹ飬һķ֮ҺҼʱ֣Ļҽеķ֮һգҲˮһա
׳
˻
˲ɵõһһզп
ǿϧַҪܹõԱ󽫣ǽ𽣶콫һٽһ
û£ǧսūǿѡܻѡʵսūġ
ȻܹѲ𾳽İҹ飬ǣǿ˶ΣƷԵһЩսūҲǲԡ
Ȱοס
׵˵ͷ
ȻѵһΣǲúòιһʶɢһսūϯȻǰһضŵһŵĵһսū
ǡսūɢϢȻȻԽ׷ɾ
ѵһˣ
ײɵʧ
𽣶ǧڵӣȫΪ֮һһ׷ѭȥ
ˡ
𻯳ɵˣȻΪսū
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ߣȥһ̽״һӡ
ʱ˺ƺƵسŵһŵһսūɱȥܿ죬׵֮£˾˵һŵһսūǰ
һǧߵĵ񣬶ȥؿһüĿչȵէһûʲôرġ
Ȼսūһ˿˿ȴڳһڵӣȫľ
ʦ쿴һٵָսūµһʯʯԿһС֣һɾսūɣаµһĵӣа۸Ƴһսū
û뵽ɾĸֶƳսūаĺ
ɣӦǧսūƷߵսūˡȻǳ󣬵Ǹܽ份ѡ
ӸսūϢƷжϣƺǧսūǰƷӽеġԽǰƷԽߣԽƷʾԽӡ
۷׷ס
ߣߣϣܹҵܹսū״һӣǵ˳һŵսūźȥ
𽣶ǧˣ
ڶŵսūΪԼĪ۾磬ܹѣ׾ܹɨһƬ򣬳ư塣ϧƿصķ壬ǲܽ份ѵġ
ŵսūΪԼĪڲ𾳽磬֮ǰİҹ飬һţܹͬѵġ
սūΪԼĪ龳磬ܹһ𣬶ǽ𽣶˵һĺ¡
һŵսū֮䣬ܿ˵ţһЩ
龳սūȻȲϲ𾳽硢۾硢ɾսūǶڽ𽣶˵ȻǲɶõĿɽ
һ龳ĸ򣬽𽣶Ӱͬն
ʦ𣬿쿴սū
Ȼ˴
üͷһѭȥֻһֳ磬ͷ˾ŮڲԶ̤ˣϢƽͣһּΪĸо
ţ
Ǵ˵еĺ
׾һ


1563 
ںĴ˵Ѿã˵ǺһĻ壬ǳϡ١
ż֮йںļطǳϡ٣Ȼֻǵļʣȴӡ̡
˵ڻĹʱ캣һ壬ĹһžĴս
캣һĺսۼĸ֣ͬھ
־춯صսƿžף˿ڿഫ
û뵽Ȼа۵ɸż֮Уҵ˴˵еĺ
Ŀǣ˵йΪһĻߣ츳ѪΪڵĺȻΪ˽Ϊа۵սū˵ֶΣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ҶȻĴں
ǻĹʱ飬ȻֳˣϢҪǴȥһܹȻ󲨡
ʦҪܹһ¡ţԺ츳ѪҪ˶ãܹ𾳽磬۾磡
սĿã굥ǹƥӭսۣδ·硣Ҽţʵ龳г͵Ĵڡ
۷׷ףһתͷϣס
ѵ촽һĭ

ʶɢڵսūɨһȦ¶˾ģͬΪ龳սūУܹ뺣һϸµļûСȻľΪΪڵġţ⺣δǱһ͵ġ
һˣ³һһʼȫش߶壬ͼѺ
ڳһˣȫ˫ֺʮΪ
壬
ֻһͺȣ׺ܿûһöƴСądַ׭źµİϯȥ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬˸оꡣ
ڣһյĹ֮
УʧˣȻ̾Ϣһҡҡͷջ˰֮еķ֮
ʧˣ
û뵽ʧˣ˾ɥ
Ҫкǽ𽣶δǰǿϧˡ
𽣶ǧڵӣȫϧ
³һϿЦãҵķ֮߰ʮҪѺǲܵġ
ʱص컯ɾܵƷˡȵһлٽɸżУܹѸսūˡ
̾Ϣǳա
ʦʧû£´л㻹лỽѺġûľսūٵοһ
׵˵ͷ
ߣֱǰһš
΢΢һսūɱȥ
𽣶ǧڵӣȫ
֮ڵķ֮һ룬ͬʱҲԼķ֮һжϡ
˵ƿصķ֮а۵İ֮һûУҪѸƷʵսūǲܵ顣
ԣڸƷʵսūǰ˷ѷֱ֮һսūѡһʵսūнá
һ׾ʹǧڵӣһսūǰ
ţ
ô£
Ȼ׵Ŀһŵսūλϣ˾ǣԭսūλãʱ˿ȴǿһֻʣһʯ
֣һŵսūΪʲôˣ
ʧ

ʱڳǧڵӣȫһһ
սūˣ
ζʲô
ֿܣһֿаڴսūʱ򣬲С©һսū
һֿܣ˽ɸż˳ػһսūΪˡ
һڳĵӾһʧ
ѵ˵֮ǰѾ˽ɸż֮Уһһսū
Ҫսūɲ׾ٵ顣Ҫа۵ķ򴫳вУʦҲڽ컯ɾ֮󣬻Եɺ֮£ŵõа۵ķ򴫳еġѰʿû־
û뵽Ȼһɸż֮Уһһսūʦˡ
۷׷ס
һɸżһһսūô
״ǵһŵսūʯǰȥܿͿʯ֮ԿһС֡
룿һػޣΪ綾֩룬սʥҼΪóƾ綾ЯսпЯ綾֪нء
װͷʧսūһŵ˽⡣
֮ǰͬǣһػսū
ҳȥ֮һҪǧټƵشϢֻҪ˳ϣҵ룬ܹҵɸżʿ
һһǵõа۴еˣպһǿľߡҪ콫С
׵һŭ
û뵽ںаֹǵĲڤ֮⣬׾Ȼַһõа۷򴫳е˶
ײΨһһ֮ӡ
ң


1564 
ɸżڣɢǧǧĸ䣬ʿ֮ǰɸżΪ档
ңɸżеʿпܽ˱ı֮Уһսūı⣬⻹·̭ʿ
侲ط
ڣǾѰһʺһѵսūΪؼ
΢΢³һ׿Ժеר־ѰҺʵսū
ҹħ飬Ѫ飬ʷ۵֣һսūػսū
ЩսūƷʶ޼ҪԵĹܲͬͿʦҪһػսūˡ
ɢһսū
շתŲͬһսūǰѰԼػսū
ػսū˼壬ҪĹܣػսṩָ״̬ӳ֡
ƩСħЯܹ֮˵Ĺ
ҹħܹ˶ص
飬ܹȡȻеĲľ֮飬˻ָơ
Ѫ飬ǿ˵Ѫ
ʷ۵ܹ˵Ļˮƽ
ȵȵȵȣһ㡣
ʦЩսūƷʶ޼ɴཫȫѵˡһŮߴߴ
ԣײɵʧЦ
սūûеô򵥣ֻҪ㹻ķܹ֮份ѣҪ㹻ķ֮ѹǣٿǡ
һһʮؽȻ˵ķ֮аջһŵκһػսū
ǣҲܹٿһսūˣҾЩвˡԣһһֻػսū֮󣬾޷ٻѵڶֻսūˡ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰʿֻһԭ򡣡
ĵؽ͵
ԭˡŮéٿ˼ص˵ͷ
ˣҾˡ
Ȼ״ǵسŰҹķ˹ȥ
ৡ
ʱڳһʿȫˢˢתͷҹķ
ҹ飬óֶܹ֮˶ص
ѡҹ飬һɣһΣϣʦܹɹѰҹ顣
һΣһҪɹĻһɸżۻȫˡ
𽣶ǧˣ׷˫ֺʮ
壬
׵ͺһȫ߶ڵķ֮ܿ죬һöƴСądַ׭׵֮׵Ĳٿ֮£ɿ˰֮Уʧ١
һ֮б磬޾ķģӰڲϯڰҹ
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬һֶĸо
ڣһյĹ
ণ
ֻһͻԼĪƴСİҹ飬͵һžһҹ๸ʱķѣ¶ī
⡣
ҹ鸦һָ֮һᣬǵػ׷ɶšʮȦ֮һö϶صķģԴӰھϯֱ׵Ķͷ֮Уƾʧ١
ţ
Ǵ˵еսūԼô
׸оڵķĴĶظӦһ󳩿졣ڷڵһ˲䣬׾밵ҹ˽ܵϵ
ɹˣ
̫ˣʦڳɹˣ
ػսūǳϡ٣ϲʦ𣬺ϲʦ𣡡
𽣶ǧˣ׷״ǰΧ£׵һֵϲ
׵ͷһЦ

ֱ̧̧ۣҹؽ䵽׵ļϣһտɫ۾ضס
ҹ飬ԺҵػսūˣһҪúְŶԡ
ģҵߣҾԲġ
ֻҪֺãгһ᳷սūԼһ֮
͸ҹ鹴ճһͼ
ণণ
ҹʱһᣬԴףʮǡ
ҹ飬Ȼó֮ڣ͸չʾһա

ণ
ҹʱӿһɹŨħһͽ׸С

Хħɢȥ׵ƾʧ١
ףʦĶȥˣ
֣ղŻģΪһգ۾Ͳˣ
ǰҹıô
𽣶ǧˣһ֣զп
һĿɿڴĵӣ΢΢һ㶣ͷһԼ壬ɵһ
Ϊ
׸Լ塣
ҵ壬ˣ׾
ңҵϢƺҲʧˡ̶ֳȵϢ¾Ǳ΢߳һʿ޷ҡ
һϲ


1565 ҹħ

ⰵҹħҵƾһΡ
һЦұŽ壬ΪǿᣬǹǷǳڡ
⣬ŰѪɫΪս裬˵Ǳཫ㣬Ҫ
ⰵҹ飬ҵŲСòҵĶ̰塣
г졣
߰ա
Ȼ״һӣ׼뿪
Ѿ˳ؽ˰ҹΪսūпνջķᡣѾû̫ˡ
ϾĿǰķ֮ҲܹһͷҹΪսūٶ࣬
𽣶ǧڵӣأ˷ܵţؽ
һ׾ˣǵشӱ֮˳
ɸǰʱವһһߵʯзӳһӰһϮֳȣȻװ·ͯӡ
ͯӡ
һ·ͯӣʱ¶һĨȻЦ⣬·ͯӹ˹֡
ϲϲ
·ͯЦŻ񣬡ܹõһҹΪػսūǲСĻԵ
Ǻǣֻðˡǫѷſ׼ϵİҹ飬صһտɫӣ·ͯӡ
ϣǻܹٴĻᡣ
·ͯӹ˹֡
׵ͷһЦڡ
·ͯӴһӣһȴʹţƾճ֮С
״ǵشŽ𽣶ǧڵӣ˴ʹ֮Уһת֮˾ɸżڴ
ʱϺĹŷҵˣȺϥһ𽣶һӰƾճǰ׷˫Ŀеؿס
ˣ
֪ڱ֮еõʲôı
Ҫǵõаֹıͺˡ
ľڡסֵˣ׷վӭס
塣
֡
˴ӵǰһ׸ӵ롣
壬ȻŽ𽣶ľϺĹŷȫѹһͷ
ľڿЦã׻˵ԹӢ۳꣬Ȼ١
ֻðˡΪǫѷصȻһЦ
ңҪǹڹż̨ǰͣµʱ䣬ôֵǽ𽣶εͷ
űӵȺ룬ͷһʱףһһĲΪȻ
ţ
ԸоתͷԵķףǰôһ£Ϊҽ𽣶սп϶ˣû뵽Ȼ֮εͷһֱĴɻ󡣡
壬ĸ㲻Ҫ˵һǻĹŷҵ㣬ܹء
׽׵֣һм˵
֣Ƿҵڵعż̨ʱ򣬷˹ż̨һ©ԣŲȫѼɻ꣬ϣܹ÷ȫѽħħػ֮
ԭΪԭΪǽ𽣶Ϻζصģû뵽Ȼɹˣ
޻˵¾͸׽
׵˵ͷʱ⡣
ԭĹŷԼһ˹ż̨©ȫѼɻ꣬Ϊѽħħ
ԭһܹ쿪ʤЩ֮Σˡ
׵ȻһЦŷ׹˹֣ǰˣ
עĻԵǿ󲻵áҡͷһЦ
С˵־
ǿ׳죬һ׵ģ
һĻ𽣶һʿУʱЩŭٵӶʱ򱧲ƽ
ңҿûĹң룬ûУС
û˾ˣûнڡҲǰˣȻСһƽϡ
ĹŷΪһܹʤȫǽ𽣶˿ɳ֮ǣûϵʦͬڹż̨һضµʱ䣬ĿĹŷһҲѼ㹻ɻ꣬Ӷѽħħ
˵öԣҪʦ£ƴȫѼɻ꣬Ǹָܻ֮
ż̨ǵأʲôĹؾĿ飬ŽпֲҪǷҴ˵أʶһվ˵ˡ
۷׷ס
ϺĹŷҵˣȫΪ֮һһĿ⾪ؿ𽣶ˡ
ȥȻ𽣶ˣÿһʿϣûнħħӰʣǧʿȫָ֮
ţ
壬ǽ𽣶ˣȻ˽ħħ
𾪵ضǰľ
š֣ҾܹڰʱڣնɱʮͷʥޣѾǳֲˡû뵽Ȼϵնɱ£˺üɻ꣬ȫָ֮
һʧ֮£ǻĹŷҪԶˡ
ϺҵˣֽҲˣáľզпһ֮ܰ



1566 ͷͦ
׶ʱתͷΪصµĵһۣƺǶ졣
ܵ׵񣬾ĵӣȫͷĬһЩʿȴԼûִذͷأûл⡣
ʲôС֣ȻҲڹż̨жµʱ䣬˼öɻ꣬µ˸˽ħħ
һǵӵɵùԲأЩԼĶ䡣
ܵģΪ𽣶ĵһſڿӣ𽣶ĵӣȫָ֮֮󣬲ɵõһ
һ̣ϻģԭеİ벻м˲䵴Ȼ޴档ȡ֮ģǻĻ޵ݡ
Ȼ׵ʤΪĹŷ˽Ų˿ɳ֮ı쳬Ⱥѹ˷һͷ
ûĹŷң񣬴оԶȻĽ𽣶ѹһͷվЩζ
壬صģ
׵Ŀڽ𽣶һӶеŨңҷǽ𽣶ĵӣƺһδδҲֲ̫ˡ
ǻĹŷҵǧˣ´عż̨ʱ򣬿кüٵ˲ɥˣˣǶѾǳ֪ˡ
׺ʵ
Ҷ˷֮׼򵥶Ҫ˵û޾ϸؽϸг
ԭˡ
ǸϽһײû˵ʱҲ׷ʣǵ˵ͷһꡣ
ڻԵɺ֮£õа۵ķ򴫳Уһ֮ⲻڤʣΪӢۡ룬һνܹ·һа۵Ĵйء
ûӵа۵һַ򴫳Уа۵ɸżȻˮĻԵܹᲢ۵ġ
ǻԵʲô¶ķݣʲôʱܹнٷ֮һĻԵˣҾʮˡ
ϺĹŷҵ˰۷׷ף׵壬羴
壬µ˵ڴ˵֮󣬾Ȼ˵ĹصĿ飿
Ȼļ̌ͷһѯʡ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫ۽׵ϡ

΢΢һЦһβû̫ı¿ӣ֮еĿһһʮؽ
ýζʱľʱƶЦȫ׵Ļ֮Сƺ׵ĽԼҲ˾֮Уһƽ١
Ĺأǳѡ
ѶȣӵʲôľΪҪսʤңܹյʤ
ǣҪսʤң̸ףǾΪͷǳߵʿڶʱڣҪͻƣ߾磬ǲܵ顣
Һڵعż̨˺ܾõʱ䣬Ļһ뾵пܽɥ
һզп
ڳʿȫ׷׵ͷͬ
֣ѾԪھˣһĽʺ޵ؿףɥһΣҲԪ쾳磬֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽ󡣰ֻΪֵܵңԺ޷һͬ̽ˡ
֣ĶĻֵܣΪβһ̽գһ
ҿɲΪƿĺȡ֡
ʧЦһʱ䣬ȴ֪ôο֡
˻Ĺŷҵӣ츳ѪʮֳڣƽﱻΪ֮ӣĸȻһȽϣ͸ֵһˡ
޴÷ַǳƣɲܹõġ
塭
ʱ״궯˫֣֧֧ѯʵ˱֮У֪Ƿõʲôĵر
ȻˣҪǲԸ˵ҲԲǿĺˣĻԵǲͼȾָġ
æ⣬ᡣ
׵һЦǰ˵һҪɸеõ˽ɽɽһռеģ϶óһͬ
˵ţʼ޿κεϧֻõôһֻػսū
ণ
ণ
ҹħſ׵ļϣܵ˵ĿͶԼʱݺݵֿ¶һԷȮݣйֽиͣ
ػսū
սū˵пеսūû뵽ɸ֮оȻĶ
ףǹżмصİҹħǷǳϡػޣȻõôһĽˡ
ⰵҹħϢۻ룬ӵʥΪǼƷػˡ
˴ŰҹħһѲѡ
ҹħô
챻˵ľ΢΢ƫͷбһ׼ϵİҹħʱˣҲβ۾
ϧⰵҹħѾ׽תοײ·͸޷ᵶᰮˡ
ܹģΨгײע⣬͵͵Ƴһ۰ҹħĬĬĵ֡


1567 
ɸڲ౦⡣ÿһֻܹһڲ
֪ɸΪ࣬еıдһ֣еıдһ衯֣едһ桯֣ȵȵȵȣһ㡣
һνı⣬дһū֣ڲǧսūƷʲһÿһսūǳ󡣡
֪ϺĹŷҵ˶ڱڲľǳ棬һһʮؽ
ľڡסֵˣȫһ۾
壬ʲôսū˵ľһĭ
ҹ۲죬ǧսūаۿģƷʸߵͽСһŵһеսūΪɣӵŻɾΪ
׳

䣬ȫһʧÿһʿе𾪡
ţûգȻлɾսūڣ
šûɾʿôݹ飬ܹƽƽģҲֻػɷͨλػˡ
Ҫܹõɣ̼ư壬׾١
Ҳֻа𻯳ɵˣܹӵлɾսūϧûиûܼһ档
զп
ȻɾսūУ
һʱоڸ壬㲻ڿЦգǷ׼ʶ㣬ʱ˿ҲˣأЩš
ǰҺʱ˵ٻ
΢΢һЦǻɾսū۾սūڲ𾳽硢龳սūҲ
ȫٶ֮УڳһˣȫһȻ
лɾսū۾սū𾳽硢龳սūҲ
ţҪгһգǧսūȫѣ·ַ̤ƽ棬ͳһ嶼׾ٵ顣
δҲֲ̫ˣ˭ҪܹõЩսū׾ܹư壡
Ⱥпǧ
壬Ȼ֮սūΪֻȡһʥİҹħ׺
׿ЦȻǧսūǣҪ份ѣΪУɲô׵顣
ȣҪõа۵ķ򴫳Уܹǧսū׵
˻
䣬ȫʿȫɫһյͷ
ʲôҪõа۵ķ򴫳УܹսūδҲ̫Ͽˣ
ݹ飬µõа۷򴫳е˶Ҳ벻ڤˡѵ˵ֻܹǧսūʿû᣿
аǧսūȷĿԵġֻеõа۴е˶лỽսūζʲôζֻеõаϿɵ˶ܹսūıӻѰʿǽɸż֮УҲ޷õսū
Ҫܹõа۵ķ򴫳оͺˡʱ򣬾ܹսūưһˡ
۷׷ףȫһĽʺ޵Ŀ⿴ס
ϺĹŷҵˣһٰεͷɸ֮УҲ޷κһսūڤڤ֮⣬ý˱֮С
ľһп
˱Ҫõа۵ķ򴫳֮⣬ͬƷʵսūڷҪҲͬ
׼Ŀǰķ壬ֻܹһŵػսū΢ƷʸһЩսūҶ޷ѡ
˵ţһε̾Ϣһ
ֻܹһŵսū
û뵽õа۵ķ򴫳УȴֻܹƷΪӵսū˸е⡣
ƷΪӵսūҲʥİҹħȻҹħóɱ˵ĸȴС
Ϊ׸е̾ϢͬʱָеһС
ԵףֻܹƷΪӵսūǾжĻԵˣܹѻɾɣ
壬û¡Ψла۴е˶ܹѸƷʵսū֪а۴еˣ֮⣬ҲֻаˡаȴǱλػ߸ӡڳǣ޷
仰˵㹻ʱ䣬Լķ壬ȡҵɸżڣٶȽɸлѸƷʵսūгһգܹѻɾɣô飬Ķ֣ȫҪĽ£׳Ƴ
׿ο
ҡͷЦǰֹۡһν뱦Уз֣֮ǰȻ˽սūı⣬ҡң˳ػһŵػսū롯

䣬ϺĹŷҵˣȫᵽɤ۵λá
ʲô˽벻ڤ֮⣬Ȼ˶õа۵ķ򴫳У
֮治УǲһȺ֮ܣ֪ʵ̫̫ˡ
Ψһֵصǣڽ֮ǰɸżļһƿصķ壬޼Ļ϶ѡѸƷʵսūֻѡһŵػޡ롯ˡ
˵ûҪɸżһηǳѣҪǳĻԵУһҲôһλᣬû˻Ʒʵսūȥһػޡ



1568 ݺ
ľ֣˷ǵԽɸżУһĻԵȻûܻĵرȴһ۽硣
Ѿǳˡ
Цľڡ
ľΪȻص˵ͷȻתͷ󱻽ħħסǧˣЩɥΨһźҵǧھ񣬱ħħˡӽҲû˽߾ϣϺҵҲۿۡ
һҲĸоľ֣Ҳ㣬ֻǷһѼɻ꣬Ҳֻܹǧ˽⿪ħħʣµǧˣΪˡ
֮һֱûн˵⿪һֱھηǧ
һ£̲ס̾
ſղѵķľڣҲЩͬܣа֪ռһЩɻ꣬˵ܹϺĹŷҵ˻ָ֮ˡ
塣
Ȼһֱûпڵ죬ǵףʵ֪ȥ·ô
䣬ȫеʿȫˢˢתͷס
΢΢һһʱҲЩȻ
ȥ·
ҪǷѣ׶ûпǵ顣
˵˴˷Խɸżð˺ڶ֮вųɹġǣڶ׳ȥѡ
ҪӺڶгȥڵ֮ѡ
ҪҲȥ·˾ֻһӱڴˡ
ȥѯһ·ͯӡ
һǵسڴȥ
ಣ
ƺ׵ĻٿأһֳȵӰƾճ˵֮УȻ·ͯӡ
ͯӣãһ󡣡һ·ͯӣʱǰһ
ǵ̸ҶˣͽȥĴ֮Ŵ򿪡
·ͯӴһӣʱһȴ֮ƾջûΡ
лͯӡ׹
ÿܹɸ֮Уֻа۵ķ򴫳УҾԵˡ˵ˣⶼҵķ֮£ˡ
·ͯ΢΢һЦ
ߡ
һ֮ŻûΣͺһһȵسŴ֮ȥ
һνɸ̽ΪѰ̩ɽķ죬εر裬Ըٶһ룬ٿס
վס
˭룬ûȷ쿿֮ţһĵͺȡ
Ųһ٣һؿ·ͯӡ
·ͯӵһЦĮֻгɹɸԵˣʸ뿪ʿֻڴˡǡõ׵׼ʡ˵ţתͷףдѯʵɫ
ϢһϣһһƬ޲һطȥ
ţȥ׼
Ҫõ׵׼ʲУ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪͷѣ޳
ûĹŷҵ棬Ѱ̩ɽһҪɸ֮гȥõĵ飿
һˣһһͷײĳ嶯
ϺĹŷҵˣҲΪһѺ
桭
εؿŷ죬֪Ը߰Ըŵ̬ġ
ǣ֮һֱڽ٣׷ˣô޷ӳ˵ˡ
ҧҧڰ̾һ³һͲҪˣҾһ顣
֮ǰΪҳɸڣŵ̬һΡΪˣ޲ýʬΣԽͷֻޡ
ûϵһתۣԼҪ׵ĵģҪǴȥûˡ
壬һĹŷǧһûʽл
˾ĿУǵ׵ǰع񣬡ϷڴлϣٰܹǻĹŷһΣǵӳ
ЦŰ˰֣ˣǶһˣͲؾˡ˵׸ûǰ˼
һֱʮȹֱ״ӦҪ֮󣬲ʩʩȻȻŭȴҷ
𽣶һʿǱģɵ͵Ц߸ϵ棬Ѱ̩ɽȴΪڶӿеЦϡ
ͯӣһһ󡣡
һϣؿ·ͯӣҵĻǣŽħħܷǻָ֮
䣬ϺĹŷҵʿȫһض·ͯӡ
Ǻǣ飬ңΪԼͿ԰쵽
˭룬·ͯӾζһЦһĿĴ𰸡
ʲôԼͿ԰쵽
һʱЩɶͷԡ


1569 ħ
ȫɫŹֵؿס
ѵڹż̨Ѽ˷ǳɻ꣬иࣿ
ֻײԸóϺԼĹŷҷ
ͶĹŹĿ⣬šüͷɫŹˡ
ףػޡҹħ԰㡣
·ͯӵһЦʼɽа۸ÿһսūֻҪԵܹõһսūͿԴ߶սū⿪ħħ
ţ
˵ֻɻܹʴʯ𣿡
üͷһأЩԼĶ䡣
ҲҲ
·ͯһЦĵؽ͵ħħͬѰɻܹ򿪽ħħսūҲһּΪķģַģаǿйÿһսūڵԿס
ȫȻԭˡ
ʱϺĹŷҵһʿȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿףÿһʿ֮У֮顣
ãá׸ƶЦ
塣
塣
ľڵһʱǰ׵ƣһУϺĹŷҵˣȫָָ֮ˡĴ£ϺĹŷû
׵ȻһЦ赭д֮ͣҳݡ
ҹħ
ϽϺҵ˽⿪ħħ
ণ
ҹħĿзһӶ𣬾ԳϺҵǧ˷Ӷȥ
ɽæˮ֮ӿȪ౨
л£
ҵĸɽ
Ϻҵˣһ룬ȴŰҹħǰ
ণ
ֻһҹħų򣬴ӿһķˣЩѸٻûΣһųȺɫĹΡ
ڰҹħĴ߶֮£ȺɫĹδһӰУܿ죬ȺɫֵʮʿȫһֽϵĽħħٿʧ٣ָ֮
ʱʮʿȫ㵸ϲԽǧлͣع
ЦⰻȻظֶ
Ĺŷҵǧʿڼʶҹħ֮һ˫Ź⣬ĳЩȲҪָ֮
ΪĹŷһ֮ķףͣش궯˫֣վ׵ԣҪſڣ촽˼ֹԹԱˡ
׶Ϊշװæȫһ仰顣
ǣƫƫε׵鷳һ˵͵ļƣΪžţĸܵ˱˵ɫ
ȻĹŷҵӷֵܣŹĽ飬ײӲܡǣҪ˵׶һ㶼⣬ûһ٣ǾԲܵ顣
ʱһһţɸڴĹ㳡ϣϵشϺ˵ĻȸԾγǿҶԱȵģѻȸɫĻĹŷˡ
ڣԼĪʱʱ䣬Ϻҵǧʿȫɹָ֮
ণ
ҹħ˳׽ĵһ񣬿лһų򣬽׵ļ֮ϡ
ġ
ǵظһ°ҹħЦʵҹħҪʲô
ণ
һ˵нҹħտɫ˫ʱâʢų򣬿йֽвֹ
ʱ밵ҹħϬףһͶ˰ҹħ˼
Ҫʮ裿
Ц۰Ͱ͵İҹħͷӦ
ðա
һӣһķʮ裬ƾǰ
ء
ҹħзһֺƴų򣬳˶ȥţĿһĻƾճ˵֮С
ټһķ裬ֻаƴСİҹħ͸ɵһɶһҶûʣ
ǺǣⰵҹħҲ֪аʩչʲôȻһ񣬿Ⱥ£ŵȵҵĵ
ⰵҹħѾкܾûмȡˡ
̻ʵİҹħɵøпǧ
˵ҹħֻһʥػޣǣⰵҹħӡɸżеʱȴǳ
£ԶԶһʥʿӵеޡ
Ȼаʩչķӡ˰ҹħң˰ҹħԪ
ĻڳɹѰҹħҲῴһֻѪʢػޡ
ҹħԵǹ
Ȼسһһħ˳аƴСħһ֣ӭǣһСɽСȥؿħڲӡżǧǣһĿ޺
ণ
ҹħһǧĻǣһ˫տɫ˫ʱһ⣬лֹһͣǶǿһȺĸֹסؿˮֱ


1570 ö
һҹħߵģͲɵаϲ
ֻҪҹħ̳ħеǣ׾н٣Ҳڼӣ̬
ȻȴһһʱԭзŹ⣬ˮֱİҹħ˲̰ԹԵ£򣬿ħһۡ
ͻıʣпһϵЦݶʱһɨգ޲ǰ׸̻
Ž壬δҲ̫֪ôˡûĹŷҵ棬ŵ̬ε飬ֺãȻˣ
޵˵ǣǻŭȴûа취
塣
ڨڨһЦǰҪ˵ʲô˭ȴ˰֣ȳǰģĹŷҵ飬ҲӲܵġĲ˵ֿ빲ֵܣҵ顣
׳Ͽҵ
һ׵Ĵ𸴣׶ʱпϲ׵֣Ըɿ
ֵ֣֮ԣǣһ¹طǧΪֵܵģҪúøлһ

Цŷ֣ͷһЦ
ֵ֮䣬Ѿԡ
ҹħˣ͸Ͻҵ˽⿪ħħ״ߴٵ
ҹħųڿն˼ȦŴķ˷Ӷȥ
Զ̣λ󶯡
ģûĹŷҵ棬Ѱ̩ɽ˵λȨأŽȻ˿ӡ
ڣҵ棬һССķ֡ŭ
Ȼʱ˿̣ĹŷҵˣǸж£ͣعлȴûһһԶ졣
ʱһһţܿ죬һʱʱȥˡ
塣
Ȼ״յ׵ǰһһǬ˳ݵ׵ǰǬУװöɻ꣬ڹż̨ռģΪౡл͸㣬ϣζҪ¡ĻѰ
΢΢һЦŰ˰֣ǰǸʲôֵܣûбҪ⡣
壬Щɻ걾⿪ħħġҲòˣת㡣ɻǳֻɽУպһܹϴó
Ҫƴǣҷ׾ֻ¹򣬸лĶˡ
һس
⡭
һ˵ҪԹлԼĶ飬ʱлңЩ
֣ǲû׼лɻζҪ£ĻƲһĹŷңǵл̫ˡ
ְǻ
һʱЦãεҡҡͷ
ðɣҾֻйˡ΢΢һЦֽǬ֮С
һûеѪǬʶһɨ׾ٵ̽ǬڲǬеɻ̽һ
Ǭеɻ꣬öһʷǳĲƸóȥÿһöɻ궼ܹ߼ۣΪΪϡ٣˵ǳмС
ıǲ׳۵ġ
Ŷ׿ɻ꣬ʱЦ𿪡
ҲЦŵͷ
ܿ죬Ĺŷҵǧˣȫڰҹħİ£˳ؽ⿪˽ħħһϲأЦ档
ʱ뿪ˡһ
˷׷׵ͷ
ôҪ뿪ǲɶõķˮأһ죬ֵһ£ǸûбҪô뿪
˵öԣȫڴ˾ԵǱܳ׼
ھ뿪˵ʵЩ᲻ء
۷׷ס
ڴ΢΢һɵͷһЦ
ȷ˵ƣ㣬ǲɶõķˮأڴ°빦
ס
ͯһЩͷҪڴҲԡʲô˶ܹڴģҿûһЩν֮ˣҪǲߣҾ͹رճˡ
Цһ޿κεؿľڡ׵ˡ
ߣ뿪
ͲͷˣɸдܵƣҪɫĶ˴ĵط
ţ
˭룬һڣ·ͯӵĿֱ죬Ŀ̺֮һ˿⡣
ʱŲһ٣ԭأҲҲǣʮΡ
Ǹߡ
׻æǰԲʾ𽣶һ
ǺðɣǾһˡ
΢΢һЦһӣߣ
һǧˣӿ˳ڣת֮ʧ١
Ҳߡ
ߣĥ䡣
ľڻæŸԵˣȿֺڡ
ͯӣڡ
һڳڴ֣صسͯӹ˹֡
ڡ
ͯЦŵͷ


1571 ħ
ಣ
ײ˴ڲһת֮ǰһʱסΣ̧ͷΧľɫ
ĿľɫȻһƬ޼ʵǿգɳӿԶǵļǳ˸ɵĹԡ
ʱ˿̣ĹŷҡϺҡ𽣶ܹʿȺؾۼһ
ƬǿվصĿռѷڵաֻϧԭĺڶѾƾʧˡҪٶȽɸżֻѰұˡ
´̽һ󣬲ɵȻ̾
˷׷׵ͷ
λһڡ׹˹֣иǡ
壬ౣء
ľڱȭ񣬡пնϺͣУǧ
׵ͷһЦһġ
壬ԺʲôҪҷףֻҪܹģһ岻ݴǡ
𽣶ǧˣһ׵仰ʱӶЦ
Ȼǽ׵Լˡ
ܹõĹŷɽʿ顣
õġ
׹֣תͷЦŷ֣֣ҪӰѾˣĻԺǾͺ̽ˡ
ϢһϣܵҪ䣬ߣȻַûʲôԷģʱֻñߵش̾Ϣ
£𽣶졢ĹŷҡϺֵ𣬸ظҸҸ衣
ܵ˵һѰ֮ã۽磬֪˾ءȻջľֻһˡϺĹŷңİˡ

𽣶ڲ
Դ뿪𽣶һ䣬½ɢĽ˽𽣶죬˽𽣶£оʿ̫һý𽣶ṹʧ⡣
Ȼķ΢ʣǣΪһ֮ͣȴʮָˡ
Ϊģ͵Ů׵ԽǿԽǸˡ
˵ˣ׿ǽ𽣶ŽӰˣ׵Խǿ󣬽ɹ֮λҲ׷ڣš
Ѿһˣ֪ôˣ
Уͱ˫֣ⲽ
赣ǣַ࣬µġշ΢΢һЦ
帣Ե񣬴˷˵ܹõСĻԵ
Ц
Ը˰ա΢΢ͷ
䡭
ȻһͻıƽըһԳ˷ϯҡػΣ𽣶ɽŶΪ֮ҡ
ãеϮ
ģ˭ıӵȻҽ𽣶ɽƣĪǲ֪ǵɽѾǿ׳ͬնˣ
ҵҪǺηʥҽ𽣶Ұ
һ˲䣬͡µȸ߲㣬ŸķƺƵϯ
ء
ͬʱ˴˾ݣɽ쳹һɽĵӣ׷ֳַɱڵس𣬷ȥ飬Ӱ֮ࡣ
ܿ죬𽣶ϿգͻһƬ˺
ߣһΪǺηʥԭǻȪʼħڵ
Ͷȥһ۾Ϳ˵ݡ
ʱ͵˵Ķ棬ȻǧӰͷˣʥΪȻǻȪʼħںպħ
ħǻȪʼħڰйᰵħ壬壬ѾΪͽȻͲΧˣ
䷢
һȪʼħڱǰħֵʲôʱΪһӣ
ڤħ棬Ҫ˶ãܹһͳ飬Ϊոµİ
ħЦܻȪʼħڰйᰵħ飬ûһ˿һļɵңһ޿ֵļơ
ǺǣƾҷҲͼҽ𽣶Ұ
΢΢°ͣһɢޣеʮ㡣Ľ𽣶죬ѲĽ𽣶ˡ
ն޻ءһԪӿȣҪ׼֡
¡ͣħ˷ǰҪնɱǣǴɷġ˵Ǵ˷ǰֻΪһˣֻҪǿϽŽԹԵط׳ƾǻȪʼħڴãǱ˱˽𽣶һһ䡣
ħһĨЦݡ
ʲôǹԹԵؽŽ
ֻҪŽ壬ձ
Ц˵Žһ֮ˣҽ𽣶ۣҲǻȪʼħڵҪ߾ܹߵġ
һЦŵЦ
㣬㡭
ħҧ͵߬ȭͷ£㲻ҪƲԳԷƣǾֵʱ򣬾̤ƽ𽣶ӣ
ŽıӵȻҷ²һȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣֱǳǻȪʼħڵζҪһ˵
ħ۹ֽС


1572 ת
ǿ֮Уһӣֱӽһ̨ٻ˳꣬Ҫڷؽ𽣶졣
˷ǰɸż̽գ۽磬õ˰ҹħޱػޣܿɹǣ𽣶ǧˣһûֱһ漣
ˡ
Ȼ׵ǬڲһƴСķľżΪ֮һһӰԴӷľż֮ϯ
塣
һܵķһ׵ǰһŵضףʶȫɨ˺ü飬û£΢΢꺮ůʱһֱ޷ӦľżĴڣһΪˣ龪һ
һĨĨͷϵĺ
΢΢һɵʧЦ֮УȴһЩж
û뵽һǣԼİΣ
ţ
壬ѾԪľˣȻһĿһһضס
׵һЦ÷ص˵ͷ
ãáȻӢ۳꣬ûãΪоҪ˶ãܹ磬Ϊһպյʥˣ
һʮص׵ļ
ǰˣҲֻһˡǫѷ
壬ȻΪܿ죬Ī˽³ç嶯Ҫ֪졣̫࣬ǰֵǧųϵ棬նɱ˽ڽ̵ӽ𻢣ǵڴ˽𲮻룬ڽ̿϶ưոݵġ
ĽڽѾˣš졯ɽҪСģ
⣬ħҲһֱҪжд̡
һɫ
׵ͷǡ
лǰҲûд󰭣ֻһʱ䣬ŻĹŷҵļǰԼϺҵļľǰһͬǰɸż̽ա
׺̶
ʲô
ɸżѵżһܵķɵΪ֮һһ˼ضף۾ɵùԲ
żǶô˵ϢҪܹУѰҵܹܿɻڴ
ûżˣˣаۡ׵
а۵ż
һٶ𾪣ʱ˫˸˸Ź⣬Ȳѯʵ壬Ǵ˷ɸżǷõʲôĵر˵
֮ǰڤڻԵɺ֮µõа۵ֹǣһһ˵׽а۵ż֮Уʱķǳʢ
ʮģһһʮ޾ϸؽɸżеһ
һһ󼤶ʱ̾ʱ̾ϢʱĬνζӡ
û뵽а۾ȻɸżǴսūı⣬ӵŻɾսūš
ҪܹɸżеıȫռΪУͳһǧǧ磬ʲô¡
һһп
ǰǱô֪һŰɽӣʱʮֺʵ
ɽĿɽ컯ɾеĿӡŹŵ̱лҪֲ
һһ̾ϢȻټǧٸ壬˼Ļ֮ʦǣҲûڲɽռˡ
񣬲ɽѾɽţŹŵһ𾳸ʩչͨɽŸ͵һռ֮С
ʱ䣬ȫ׷Ѱɽȥ¸ոЩͷ׼ɱһ֮У׷ʹҪӸ׷ء
һܵķĳ
ľ
ɽȻ˾ŹŵĲ𾳸ֶԿһܣңʩչͨӡ˲ɽɽţɽ͵һռ䣿
ǶôֲֶΣ
Ȼ˵ɽһƯɽţǿƯƣûо꣬ǣҪһɽֱӴ͵һǿգֶΣ˸е˼顣
񰵺ħ֣ҪŽһ£СǣûӣǾͺѸٵؼԿħ塣
ɶǣһٵĵˣǰħ壬컯ɾеǾŹŵ죬ŷǳвҪԴ
һأɫϾ
أ߬ȭͷ
壬Ҫ˶ãͻڽһռ䣬ʱҵķľżʧ飬һʱ䣬һҪ£ʲôѣһ˵
һ
ģǰ
չһЦظĵֱ죬ҿǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһ֮Ϳ컯ɾôġ
һܵķ˵ͷΪһӰ˷ľż֮С
ߣǻȥ
ȼ˴裬ڴ̨˽𽣶꣬ʱ̨¡¡죬𽣶ǧڵӣæᲽ˴̨
գ֮䣬ʿƾʧ١


1573 ĻȪͼ
𽣶Ͽգոѹ֣սһ
ǺǣƾҲǽ𽣶ҰǳıӵˡЦһԪӿϻ˵Ҿħʵ
µͷһЦǰһվ͵ԣ׼Ͳս
ħƵʥ֣ħǻħ⣬ǳۺ񣬱ҪʤһҲ˿ѷɫ
ħ֣жûʮİսˣڽ𽣶Ѿȣʿ󣬾ǲȡ˺սҲɱħ
ǺǣΪûʲôɱﵣͻǽ𽣶Ҫ˵
Ÿ͵ѹħЦһһӣֱӽһɫٻ˳
ӡ
ɫһ֣𵴣һεѹϯ죬˸оһɹϲɣڤϢ
ţ
ÿֲܣʲôüͷһĿ⾶ͶħеĽɫᡣ
֮ܣϽĹƣõʲô
ܵ¡͵ͶľĿ⣬ħЦһеĽɫͻһչʱһصͼ˵֮С
˾ǣ֮һŨŨĺΪ͵ʿͼеľ
ʥĸͣҲֻܹ͸ŨŨͼϡɽһǡɽһǣѾøͳˡ
𡭡
һХӻڲҡػΣǿձ顣
ףùŹ֣Ȼһʧ
⻭飬ӦþңϢǳۻ룬ûжϴӦǽķ
зǳơ
˻
䣬𽣶ʿȫһһɲԤС
ʲô
ħУȻӵһĻˣħʥ֣н¸߳Ƕˣ
ԭħн֣ѹţԽ߳Ÿ
ģƴˣʿɱһͲŵвһƣ
𽣶һʿȺ۷׷ס
ãħеľᣬĪǴ˵лȪʼħڵĻȪľĻȪͼ

ĻȪͼ
²ɵȻһ
ͣʶࡣħЦؽµûõǻȪľĻȪͼ
ĻȪͼǵķȪ۾ೡƽ٣ղ䣬ĻȪͼҲشӵ׹䵽˽𡣲ԸǣǴ´ġ
ħһؿͣͺǶǿֻĸ
ȫȻ
ţûпգħеľᣬȻǴ˵лȪ۵ıĻȪͼ
Ȫ۵һպۣƾžĻȪͼңǧ磬˵档˵ھĻȪͼе飬֮࣬ɱأڣۼﶼ䡣
Ȫ֮йؾĻȪͼĴ˵һֱţ˵˵Ǳ˻Ȫʼħڵأ˵Ǳħ˹ȥû뵽ĻȪͼһֱڻȪʼħڣ
õľĻȪͼǵĴڣȻˣձ󣬸ѰʥܹĴڣӣǵĴˣ
𽣶ĵӣһɧҡ
ĻȪͼ˻ȪԳķ֮ͿԽھĻȪ֮УѪԪĻȪͼ
Ȼ𽣶ĵӣ֮ڣǣһħ߶ĻȪͼô̼䣬ڶӾͽĻȪͼУ˸ɡ
е
齨ĪĻȪͼУ
ͱһۻ룬ƽըһ
ϣϣϣϣϣϣ
ʱ𽣶ӣ׷ɱ֮ģʼȺһħҲżǿľ֮ġ
ͣٸһλᣬͷĦݿˣȻٹԹԵؽŽĻͱʹɱֱ֣ӽ𽣶ĵӸĻȪͼУ𽣶ĸ֮һ棡
ħһ
ħ˫ֱأһζЦض͡
ħǾȥֳһߵ͡ɱ㡣
ħִҪý𽣶콻ףǣԲܡ֮£ֻоһսˡ
ǣĴʥ֮ĶԾҪǳ״죬Ҫһ룬ʱ򣬲ǽ𽣶ɽŽ֮һ棬ŶҪ꼰
ȥֳһߵͣ
ħһЦһЦΪʲôҪȥ⣿񰵺ħ棬һȪʼħȻΪʸ֮ģѲٵˡһս˵ǽ𽣶ɽŸ̤ƽˣֱӴ򱬹ǣҲڻ£


1574 צ
򱬹ǣ
䣬ڶʿͲɵ֮Աǡ
֮Ⱥ̾ᣬǻĹҾв٣һħǵĶ
ħִⲻԸȥһսô𽣶ĴͷǳΣˡһĿս𽣶ɽŽ̼ҷ
ħǲҪ̫ҧгݣڵѪƼĻɽһ
ħбһͣ÷ϻһеľĻȪͼͱ㣬һצԼԼҪŨ֮з˶ǵѹϯ졣
ޣҽ𽣶վǲţҲȪʼħڵͷһٿ𣬻Ϊһâħȥ
ͣͣͣ
ȥ͵壬ȫȼ޾Ԫ۳һƬƺҪ˲ûħ
顭
޾գӦ飡
쿴Ŷˣһȫ׼սپˣ
ߣħȻֳ־ĻȪͼǣƾǵʵ޷ĻȪͼչֳ˵ͻȻϮܹľϲ
һʧ
۵
ܵϯԪħһƣЦһ
ţһŨֵľĻȪͼڲٿһֻɫצ
ӴĽɫצǧɣһ֣ùǲ޾ӿžһֱӽ͸ץצ֮С
ʱȼյԪ̼ɢצһѹ
ǣǡ
ɫצ͵һ͵ʱһĹƱӣž죬ľ
ţ
ãűסˣ
ţſʥĸ֣Ȼһ棬ͱĻȪͼѹˣĻȪͼֻнΪʲôӵ˾˵ܣ
ĻȪͼԶԶеҪǿ󣬾ԲѰĽܹᲢ۵ģģѵǽ𽣶Ҫ𣿡
ڳʿȫһһĿеؿ͡
ס֣
±һ͵طǰ
飡
ħ̤һΣ赲˸µǰȭͷֱ죬ϸֳһĨȻЦ⣬ͣȹһ˵
ŭĿԲҪ뻢ħһսȴһĲҺֱӱ޴צק˾ĻȪͼڲƾʧ١
ţ
ãű˾ĻȪͼˣ˵Уһ˾ĻȪͼУ൱˵ҲûĿˣ
ѵǽ𽣶Ҫһ˸ɣ
ʧ
ǿӣ
ɽڲûգ
ҵŽ壬һҪչ˺ҪΪұ𣡡
ĻȪͼڲĺĴ̹ǣ˾ġ
͵һ
˵ûħӵžĻȪͼǽ𽣶ܹĴڣ֮ߣΨʮΪϼơ
ӹһ٣ѰҿɽɱϻȪʼħڸͱѩ޲١
Ȼ˵һ׶𣬵ǣֻҪԸ⣬ʱҵ࿿ɽɨȪʼħڣȳ͡
ǵ翹¾ֻν
ħҲŹǵġгѪ͵һΣͼٺ󳷣׼롣
ǺǣҪ𣿿ûôװɣ
ûն½ͷֻȽ𽣶Ϊƽˡ֮⣬ûʲôǽ޵ˡ
ħЦһתͷħʾһɫ
ħ΢΢һЦٶȴ߶ĻȪͼ׼ɱ䡣
飬顭
ҳȥħǵӾĻȪͼд˻ƣȻھĻȪͼƴϧצѹ£ûлӳ졣
롣
ħмһЦһӣĻȪͼڲӿħ˲佫𽣶Ͽոڱˡ
ʱ𽣶Ŵңһɫţ̶󣬾Ͷ֮䶼ýӲ

ʱ֮һĺ¡ţǧӰƾճ֮С
ͻӰڳʿĿ⣬ȫ˹ȥ˵һ˲䣬˲ɵ־ϲ
쿴Žˣ
ףַȻǡɻˣ
̫ˣַʵĿãʥĸ֣˵ܹŤתƣ
ˣղ𶼱˾ĻȪͼУַҲǰװķݣ粻ƫƫʱǵù
𽣶һʿȫһ󾪲ؿ߿еӰͷһˣһտɫۣ˭


1575 
ʲôˣȻһĿ⸴ӵؿ߿еӰ
ˣ
Ž壬ã㣡û뵽Ͷˣħͽǽ𽣶һ򾡣
ħһף˫Ź⣬Ц
ţ
ʲôˣ׸һסΣһǰһĻΪ֮һ
ಣ
׽̤ӡһΣ;˸µǰԳѯʣʦ֣ʲô飿ΪʲôȪʼħڵǽ𽣶죿
ǧھӣҲ׷ͳԴ
°̾һĽ͵ͷħħǻȪʼħںպʥ˷ǰΪģΪĦݿ˵鱨ѩޡ
ײɻȻص˵ͷ
֮ǰ׽˻ȪʼħڵʥĦݿˣΪԼūȫڴȪʼħڵûȪʼħΪЦճȪʼħڿ϶Ҫһ˵ġ
ûϵʱòڽ𽣶죬ħòɣ
ħֻʥ磬Ҳǽ𽣶ף
ɨһ۽𽣶ڵӣɵõʮ㡣
²Ц壬ɲҪСħȻΪǣǣеȪľĻȪͼ
ĻȪͼһ
ڻȪ۵׻ŵģ֪һλպۣĻȪͼǻȪ۵ı
û뵽ĻȪͼǵĴڣܹ侲
壬㲻ûţĻȪͼѾشֻһȱ壬ȻӵŽƷʣңȾĽҪߣ
ѹɤ̺޾ŭʦܣѾҾ˾ĻȪͼУʱ֮ݣ
䣬ײɵȻһȫë
ಣಣ
ͬʱӰƾմ׵ıڲϯȻ͵ŮԼ
סһһҪ̱ڵء

׻æǰɫϾģڣһʦΣյģң
ᶨ
ָ磬һҪȾҸס̣һԵæǰ
¡
װ˰֣ʵǳʥĸ֣һ֮֡
ɵص˵ͷȥ
ħǵĿңֱӳҵʦ֣ŭһԿǰ
Ǻǣ˵˾ͷˣ
ħһЦضףʶɢ޼ɵ׵ɨӣԼһ̲ˡ
Ž壬ҲжνĦݿˣħֵУ߹ֵһᡣ
ħЦһ΢΢°ͣ㲻ǷŵҲǲԣͽĦݿ˸ŵĨȥʶеʶӣһ֮
ɫһ䡣
ŵĦݿˣָ֮
С
׼ûκεԥҡͷ
ײԸĦݿȡͣĦݿ˲׵ԣ֮ǰѾ׸ȥѩˣҲ֪Ķɽдء
УħɵΪ֮һһ˼ؿס
׾ȻܾԼ飿
Ħݿ˲ԣȻĻһн׵ġ׻һתĳˣԼʦ֣Σ
ħ뻢ħһۣɵչһЦ
ͣһ׬
Ҫ֪׵ļֵҪ͸ߵöˡ
һնɱ֮󣬹ϵĽ鵤ҩĵرҪͷöࡣ
ףǰħжд̣ħܹ׸նɱˣذħһͣʱħ϶ܵЯࡣ
ֻҪնɱˣôĦݿʶеʶӣҲ˲ʧʱĦݿ˾ָܹ֮ˡ
׬⣬һʯĺûɲӦ
ãһԿһޣ
ħûʲôԥʹӦ׵󣬡ھѪģ÷ڡ
׵ҧ⣬˼ξѪָѪġ
ħħһЦҲɵѪġ
壬ǧҪ嶯
ַȫѰ·
ʦûбҪôģ̫һĵӣɻأ
𽣶һڵӣɵʧ
һƬ֮С


1576 ĻȪ
塭
ɫӣ촽˼£Ҫ˵ʲôȴվû˵ڡ
Ϊ𽣶ĳϣȻϣΪܹյġǣҪ׵¾Щԥˡ
Ͼ׵㣬Ǳδ𽣶֮λ󣬶ڽ𽣶ķչ
Ҳ֪׵Ը񣬷ǳǿһ˵飬ûܹġԣҲûгȰ衣
ָ磬Ҫһ̡
ף֮޷ᡣףˣͬ޷
ǿһգʹ飬ǧٱ⵶Լһ
ʱ˿̣Ϊʹ˾ˣѪݣһΪ
ǿʼʰա
ɫƽֱħͬʱһǬķľż
ˡһǬеķľż΢΢һһʶϯȡϵ
壬ʲôˣһܵ쳹׵Ժ
򵥵ؽľһ顣
ĻȪͼô
һܾĬãų壬һĻȪͼ֮ҳſܲӲȻĻȪͼѾӵˣǣұϾֻһޣ
ģҾ޷ĻȪͼĽҲһʩչӡ㱻צ˸ɡ
һܳ
á˵
ͣϲһͽ󣡡
ħһһһ˵ӰʹӾĻȪͼڲ˦˳ۼֿ죬һԾͽ͸ס
ʦܣû°գһеʵ
ҡͷתͷףʦܣΪôɵҸֵಫĽ𽣶죬޷󰭣㣬ȴУ
Цͣʦ֣ҪЯ࣬Ҳн졣˵ˣһνѣҶ׻˵廹ϵˣӦеĽѡ
˵ţɣһԾͷɵħǰһ־̬ܵ
һ壬ģҽ˸֮һὫʬ𽣶ġ
û˸ʬ
ħЦһһĻȪͼڲ͵һֻӴצһƲӥһֱӽ׸סһק˾ĻȪͼڲ
ס֣
ſ壡
ʦ𣡡
𽣶һʿ׷ʧ
飡
׸оǰһΣţ˾׹˾ĻȪ֮УȥǵصħΣ䣬ȫµƤǶֲܿĸʴƽѪ֮ڿҧһ
ʱ׷һԪת
𡭡
ŭХһĽɫѪӿ˲۳һƬ󺣡
ͬʱ׵ȫ£Ⱪ͹Ƥ֮Ͻۣһ׵ӣ㱩˺üɲǣ׵Ĺؽڴһָ̣ǡϥǡϣһ絶ĵ̣ȫһα
ҹ
˳û״̬µף͵һǵȻѪȼգԪڣֻһס׵Ӵצֱӱ׸˿
ƬƬѪӸ߿䣬ȻצѪ
ء
ʱצһҾ徵İƽһըףҰ
硣
𽣶һʿؿױצ˾ĻȪͼڲȫҽð
Ȼһ̣һĲҺʹ˵ĶĤ֮С˾ǣҺȻ׵мצ
ף𣿸ղŵĲҺƺצ
צսңצܣ
̫ˣҪǽܹѾĻȪͼͲðװˣ
־ϲ
ָ磬һҪҪȻңҾֻиˡ޵滨꣬˫ֺʮ
¡͡շˣĬ
ձʮء
ʲôŽ˺צħһ
ģצ˾ĻȪͼ飬ǵ飬۶ȻԪΪҲһǧɣԲһԪСܹġ
ħһЦûн׸ϡ
һħһټľĻȪͼչ͸ŨħΡϡÿצӴԼ״̬ס


1577 Թ֮
ħһٶʱʿעȫ˾ĻȪͼϡ
ǺǣȽ˳նɱ֮ħ̤ƽ𽣶죬֪ðȪʼħǶôǵΪ
ħ죬һƵŸ߿еľĻȪͼ
ֵ˳նɱŽ壬𽣶Ϊƽ֮һܹõħӣδνһƬ
ħЦתƵ˾ĻȪͼڲ

צشŭڶӴ壬һСɽСͷչ¶˳
ţ
һߡצô
צеɱ֮⣬ײɵһƱһȫӲá
צѹȣֱ𾳽ĸ֣ȻѾΪȻܹĴڡ
ֻһ񣬾ŵ׻ɢεѡ
ǰң
֮£׼
ಣ
ʱһֻƴСķľżֱӴ׵ǬڲʢԴ䡣һεϯ죬ֵסצѹȡ
ţһԾǬӰƾճھĻȪͼڲ
ȥ˿٣׳ţȻĵһܣ
˻
һܵӰֵһ˲䣬𽣶ӣȫÿһӵУȫϣ
ǿ쿴һܳˣ̫ˣеһԮͻƾĻȪͼӦò⣡
ħζûϵоȻӵŵһܵķľżȻֻһľżǱԽ٣ҲԲС
һ䣬ܹ⣬еһܵıӻһܹ׻ģ
߬ȭͷ
壡
壬һҪ¡շ硢ˣ
ãУȻӵŵһܵķľżģѹСӸҽĻȪͼУԭе֣һˣ
ߣֻҪǵһܱ٣Ǿȫõġצһܹѹһܵķ
ħ˽ԭɵɫʱý
ĻȪͼڲ
ڵһܵķ֮צĿ⣬˲תƵ˵һܵķ֮ϣεѹȣȫŵһܺȻ䡣
һܵķ΢΢һɫ΢䣬վǵֵ
һΣצѹȫоһɡ
ǰ
һʶڲİٻ룬
õġ
䣬һ龳ϯУȫػ׵İȫ
ħƽצ
ͬʱһӣ벽ħƽצʹ˫צƽ˼ɱ
צûȪƵ飬۱һǣȻΪŽС˳ЦͲ¸Ȫ۶
һܰȻ˫ֻ裬ķϯһּΪĸо
ޣëͷСӡצʲôʱֵָáˣ
צͳɣ¡¡𣬡ǿΪʲô͸ʲôǻȪۣԲءҪӵгԽȪ۵ʵһƿأΪǻȪ۸ҵģ˽ȪۣҲָֻţҸ㣬Ȫ۾ˣҲֲָָ㡣
צƽըף쳹죬õһܸεѡ
ţ
ΪצκλﶼԶҡĵġ
һܳһʱ΢΢üЦãһǿΪҾצʵҲƣλػߵ״ӣǲеϣ
˵ţ͵غһơ
䣡
һƣ̺޾ܡԪ֮һƥӣӿצ
ʲôλػߵ״ӣצɵ΢΢һ
λػߣצ˽ģȪʱ򣬾ͼͨɷͨϧɾλػ߸ֵ
û뵽λػ߾Ȼ״ӣ
צʱ˼֡
ĻȪͿ̿
צأӾĻȪڲӿһɳԹ֮ƼǧԹΪֲ
¡¡
ʱһܵӡԹ֮ײһþĻȪͼڲĿռ䶼Ϊ֮ѣҡΡ
ÿֲ
ɫ䣬æ㵽һԡ
ۡ
һܲҺһ˵ƶߵķһ͵صɶȻش
ãһǰķƺ·ˣ
⣬Ҫǵһ޷צǽΣˣ
ļ
𽣶һڵӣȫֱš


1578 
ȣ
ȵĿУһܵķסΣڵԪĴ룬ɫ԰ֽ
һצһ֣˿ֲ
һһ󾪺
׻˵ձ󣬵צǵ飬Ħİ壬Ҫ߳һܺüΡ
£צȻ׹˽飬ǣƿصķĸ̶ȣȴûб䡣
Ȼ֮ʮһȴҪȵһܸöࡣ
ͺһϰ֮ˣóǹȻˣҲȿһçҪǿöࡣ
צУһܵķ壬ֵһᡣΨһܹצģֻиΪ嫵Ԫ
ϧĵһֻǸԪϣҲռơ
ԣצȫûнһܸ
СӣŽһĴˣ
צĿ⣬ٿȻ۳ס
Ȼû
ãã
ħСӣǸһ¡һĴˣһƳ䣬ѪҪѰʿʢöࡣҪܹѪԪ֮Ҳܹõ󲹡
צʮּضף̰ͺһͷǽһȺĸ
ಣಣ
ĵ̤ӡûһӰ䣬ͷɶݳ֮⣬ϧǣӶݣӲĻȪͼ
ӣûôס
צЦһͺһʱӾĻȪ֮УӿһīīÿһīǧɣȫԹ֮ûɣצس׷˶ȥ
ಣಣ
ƴתԪܵӴܡ
ȻĻȪ޾īӰһ׾ͱʮīΧˡ
Ѫɫ
΢΢˫ͺһֱӽڲİѪɫٻ˳
𣡺𣡺𣡺
𣡺𣡺𣡺
ʱֲѪɫƾճ׵ÿһѪɫ磬ɱ
Χ£Ķʮī͵һѪɫȫֱܵصӡ
ţ
Ȼ˰Ѫɫ
צһؿ׵ķȻǱ׵ֶθˡ
Ѫɫצһһ˵ĸ߽壬ΨһͬǣצĻߡ
ѪɫǱ֣һ
ڣϡ̶ȣѪɫҪצҪϡһЩ
ϾצѪǿԴеģֻҪצ߽׵ĸԣһļʲצΣҲһ߽׵Ľ
ǡ
Ѫɫȫͬˡ
ѪɫһıƷ֣Ѫϡ޷ŴǸ߽ǵͽпܲѪɫ
ԣצһٻ˰Ѫɫɵøе𾪡
ǺǣЩѪɫİˡ
׵һЦ
İ壿
צ΢΢һ˳˼
צĵңҪŽѪӮ˵
ʱһŭһ˫ָϹ⻪ת
ţ
ʲô壿ҾȻȫ͸צתͷһһȫתĹϷģɵΪ֮
Ǻǣҵķ壬Ҫһءǣҿλػߵ״ӣƿа۴ĲڣҾһ²
һζһЦһΣƾʧ١
ಣ
һ̣һܵӰƾոӴͷϿգһƣҶ¡

צо壬ſһűס
¡¡
¡¡
ޱ޼ʵĿռҡΣƬƬΪֲ֮ɢ𵴡
̳ɡ
˻
𽣶һڵӣȫ۰Ͱ͵ضžĻȪͼڲգһ۾
˶֪һǵһܵѹ׾޷צôҪӳ죬ϣǳã
ʱҴҶţ˹еĿУ̳ɢ䣬ȥԿצʹħ֮طƬƬѪ䣬һȷѪꡣ
ͷ֮ϣһټѪɼ
ҵķ֮Ȼˣ
ļһҽ⿪ӡ
צ໲Һ
һһΣ䣬׵ԡ
ʱ˿̣ŰѪɫɱԹ֮ûɵīɱ˫Ѫ졣
壬죡
צҶ˷֮ڷǳϽųȥ
һ
һ
ǹ
£һǹٻ˳
ˡ
ıǹһ֣һͨ쳹صϯ˲ٷī
ɰܣڴһˣչңء


1579 һ
ǣǡ
״̬µף˫͵һһʱӿǹĹҸǱ졣
忴׼һˣΨһᣬԲ׷Ź
צķ֮ˣǳûߵľʱһֻ׸ķˣ
ַ࣬϶ܹ׻ģ˫ֺʮա
𽣶һڵӣȫзŹ⣬۷׷ס
ĻȪͼڲһٽ֮һ춯ص޺Ͳϵϯ
𡭡
ড
ˡ
໡
𵴣ϯѪ˲˱ǹڲ۳֧
֧ѪɫһΣ͵žĻȪϿյһȥ
Ŀ֮£һĻˡ
֧һңͻûͷԶޡȥؿ׻ȸĴޡ
ʯϯͷ޻ûɵԻƳգЯŻصĿֲƣ˺գȻ鿪֮ɽӻ±ɫ
˻
ֳսÿһʿȫᵽɤ۵λá
顭
ڣֻһ춯صıĺ֮£ĻȪϿգȻһʮɴСĿ׶
ɹˣ
һ߿еĿ׶һϲһӣֱӽѪɫ˱Уͬʱ̤ӡ䣬ͳ˿׶˳˾ĻȪͼ
ಣ
߿У׵Ӱһ֣𽣶ʿ׷ǰӭף¡͡շˣڵһʱ嵽׵ԣһ׸ӵ룬ؽ׸
ӣ
һ˳˾ĻȪצŭ죬һ͵һֻӴצԳץ
צĵң
ͬһʱ䣬һܽŲתצȫԪӿ޾ķ˫֮ϣԳצײȥ
顭
һ̣һɽѰı˿죬ǧսǳѡ
ȫ׹ɫϾ
ء
צ𷴻һצһܵķץǣҲش̬ήңϢ١
Ž壬צѪģǲһ˸ɣõɣ
צŭƴ⴫·һǧشش׵ķ
Ǻǣצ˷ܵش޷սˡ
׵ȻһЦ΢΢̣˵һĺϢû˾ĻȪͼƾħʵҽ𽣶Ķ֡һǾҪ췴ĺŽǣ
΢΢˫һѪ̵Ŀ⣬ħ
ܵ׵ıħûɵشһţɫŤȫȻŽӳˣ
⣬ûϵУȻӵŵһܵķľżˣǷǵûһնɱ壬ȳĦݿˡǻȪʼħڵĴ֮ĻȪͼشƷٶ׹䡣
ʱ˿̣ħĶڵѪ
ĻȪͼ
ܵצϢħ̾ϢһһӣֱӽĻȪͼǬ֮С
תͷٿ׵񣬺޲ǰȥ׸̻ˡ
ħû˾ĻȪͼΪ̣ʧȥצϻҵҪƣǻҪγף
Цһȵسǰħ񣬾ͺƿͷ׵ĸ
ģζҪŽնɱĻǻȥ֮һᱻ𷣣
ħüͷ壬ҧء
û֮ǰǵ˶ģŴеõ˾ĻȪͼĴ֮˭룬ǵûɱ壬þĻȪͼܵشҪǱ֪ˣǿ϶Բ˶ߡ
ħɫϾȻһҧʵڲУǸƴˣҾͲţħ޷̤ƽ𽣶
ħ΢΢ͷһӣһɫĳǹٻ˳Ȼһ벽ķ
һ֣ҡػΣ𵴡
ͬʱħҲٻ˱ͷաͬǰ벽ķ
ʥ֣жӵһ벽սԲС
׼ӭս
͵ͺһһʱ
ǰһԴ߶Ԫ
£ʥ֣ףȻֻԪ磬ʵʥ֣η壡


1580 а
𽣶Ͽգʮֽţ˫Լսһ
ҷһСնɱˣҪǻкã
ȻûƴɱһԶˣһӰɶȥԿһۣźڰͷߡ
ţ
Ȼһ龳ĸ֣
ãϢжϣӦħͬһӪϹ֣
ʩչѰۣһ۾ϳߵʵΪʱΪ֮һ
ӦǻȪʼħڵа棡

а棡
ʱڳڶӵĿ⣬ȫ۽˸µϣȴŸµĽһ͡
а棬ǻȪʼħڵһ̫ϳϣ˵ǧ˰ٶǰѾ龳磬Ѿǧûˡд˵ѾԪľˣû뵽վȻ¶ˡ
ĳɫʮѿ
˳ӳ˾ĻȪͼ𽣶켯ȫԾطħƨġ
ûϵʱȪʼħھδаˡ
а龳ĸ֣ǽ𽣶ʿܹĴڡ

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ţаȻǧ˰ٶǰѾ龳ˣӦǸ龳Ƹ֣
ˣ˵Ƶ龳ˣһ龳ĸ֣Ҳǽ𽣶ܹġ
ģû뵽ȪʼħΪҪһ˵Ȼǧδ¶а涼ɳˣǽ𽣶ǲðˡ
𽣶һʿȫɫࡣ
档
档
ħ뻢ħһаɵһţһɥʮְա
аʦħ϶ⲻҪһ١
аħ˵Ҳȫûкô
ħѾ׼һˣа浽̾ͷ䡣
ӵ龳ֵа棬ȪʼħһռϷ磬ȻָͣҲȡʤĿܡ
ӭ棡
ǧأ𻯳ɣ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣ׷׹̬ȹ
ߡ
абһħ뻢ħеĲ֮飬΢΢̧ͷƳһȺаͦף¶һĨ˵Цݡ
ЦݣƺҹеһЦɭɲü˵ĹͷͷƤ
Ϲž޲˫צ֮ϵħƽצȴ΢΢һһ

аֻһۣջƺûн׸һ£תͷ˹شӿһֻݵ֣ݵħǰ
ħ뻢ħԣ͵һ
ǡ
ħսսؽĻȪͼ˳˫ţصݸа棬ȴֱġ
һԹĻħȫֽŷ
ƽһʥ֣˱΢һ档
ţ
ĻȪͼΪʲôˣ
аӹĻȪͼĿһʱһĿ䷢ʡ
Ѿ˳þĻȪͼŽˡû뵽ŽȻٻһľżľż˵һƣķһΣʩչ˴˵еĲצױûñǹ䴩˾ĻȪͼ˳
ħһһʮػش˿Һ
ʲô
һܵķľżаһ˵֣ʱпһһ֮ɫӣߣû뵽һǸһ˿Ž壬ȻԼƵһ߷ľżʹ͸Ž壡
аҧгݣ˹ؽĻȪͼǬУԹԵ૳ߣҿһβģԸ˹Ļ֪ҷܲƵؽĻȪͼš
Ҫǲʧ˾ĻȪͼôǽǸң̻Ҳϧ
аĵ
ѵüǣ֪ˣ
𷣣
ħ뻢ħæ񣬸̧ͷ࿴аһۡ
⣬ӡ
аЦһãҵԪѾʣ޼ˣԼ״̬ǴĺĽ֮ˡȻصţ͸ȼԪƳһöԪҷþͺˡ
ȼԪƳһöԪ
䣬ħ뻢ħɵһһģ
ʿ˵ΪľԪû㹻Ԫ޷Ӷ𻯷õɡ
˭룬аһſڣҪħ뻢ħԪƳԪá
ò˵а𷣣̫ˣǳпᡣ
аѹܹôõʱ䣬ԭǲϵطԪġ
ǰһ
ԪΥĽҩǽԪǿȡᣬΪеһּаֶΡ˵Ԫǿʿ𽥱Ϊٰٳ߸ͷһ¥һ᲻ϵص䡣
⣬ǣڵԪһ̶ȵ˻
аһֱԪǿĻôаʵһһ̶ȵ˻˵Ļһս֮
Ͱ
аϢжϣаľΪӦ龳ҡ
ϧȻ˺ܴ˻ҲܹĴڡ
°̾һ΢΢ҡͷ
аúݣȻħԪԪҪ֪ԪƳɹļʷǳͣˣҲܹһԪ
ħԪΪԼԪаʵ̫˽ˡ
ڵЩͬħˡȻʥ֣Ҳ˵Ŀʹ
𽣶һڵ۷׷ס
ʦܡ
ʱ͵תͷףǵǫ̃Ͽɵ֮ӣڸϽӦ̨һ֮컯ɾһаҲ޷ء
ҳ룿һŽԴҡúƲ˹һУԲСôܹƲ²ܡ
ĻҶ̰ڽ𽣶ͷ֮룬񲻳ͽˣ
ᶨͦǹ˿ҡ
˵ˣûҪչءתͷԶ
ָ硭˲۽ǵˮ˵
ʦܣҲûáǸаĶ֡Ͻ컯ɾȻٴ컯ɾгȥطȱ
ǻᾡܵʱ䣬ֻҪܹʱȱ𽣶Ͳš
һʱ뵽һƣȰ˵
ȱ
һ
ʣһǳõİ취
Ȼкܶ࣬ɽҲв٣ȻΪǿĿɽһܡ޷ǰȼǣ׻ȥʵĹŷҵ龳ȭ
ֻҪܹһλ龳ȭ𽣶Ͳᱻа


1581 Ԫ
׶ʱԥˡ
Ž壡
ʱаٿؽףЦųϽ־ܣ󷢴ȱһȫʬ
ĻҶҪ̤ƽ𽣶죡
а
һ΢΢üͷ
ʦǧа棬ħսթûһֵεġٴ֪ʱ׵ԣ
һʱа棬Ҫɱң͸˵ţ̤ӡԳӶȥ
ಣಣ
Ӽ䣬ʧ˵֮С
׷
аһӣһȵ׷ȥ
ħ뻢ħԥƬ̣ҲᲽӶȥǧȪʼħڵĵӣ
ߣʦȭʹһӣӳȥ
̫嶯ˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣǲʮϣ򼸸𽣶콻õĺȡ
ֻҪʱȱһоͶת
¡¡¡¡
ܿ죬ʮϣ͸Եһ̨ŲͬĿĵؽ
⣬ɳӿ
û״̬µףԪӿѪʢ
ܿ죬аʹħִ⣬һͣ˽ŲɵӶЦƺѾ׸֮
塣
塣
¡׵ң°ѾǰȱˣǴսҪܵʱ䡣
׵˵ͷ
ҹħʩչһſ׼ϵİҹħʱһֽУϯ˴ƬƬı⣬סһ̤ӡԻΪһâԶϯȥ
ٶ֮죬һǣ˲仮ա
Ϲб¾׷Ұ
Ϲ
䣬ȫһЦ
ûȪʼħڵа棬Ȼ׳ƺΪϹ
ֱ̫ˡ
ò˵ǵ졣
ʲôȻΪϹ
һСӣ
а̡һɶݶȥףҲ׷ϣֻЦһɤƽըһŽ壬֪˳̨Ͽɣһ֮䣬ͿԴ컯ɾԣҪӣҸס㡣֮Ҫӣ޷뽫ӻ𽣶ĵӡ
ϧҲŲϵƭ
аһЦһ׵ģǸӣҾ̤ƽ𽣶죬ԣ
һ٣ԹԵת
Ǻǣ񻰡аЦһΣͷسɱȥ
ס͡ˣ֣׼Ӳ
ס֡
˭룬ʱһĽâգЯױȵĿֲܣֱӽɱа˳ȥ
ͣ
а⧲֮£ϱһǵ˿ڣƤѪ
档
档
ħæǰ̽ơ
޷
а˰֣ɫϾؿâķ򣬡𽣶ǰȱˣû뵽ôԮˡң˵ľΪͣҲƾһ֮˺ң
ͬʱ𽣶һڵӣҲ׷תͷԶա
ಣ
ȥؿһͦǹӰһĨâᴩգǵط˵ķ
֮䣬ӶӰͳ˵ǰ
˾ǣǰģˣȻǽ𽣶Ľ棡
ǿ쿴Ȼǽ棡
ţˣ̫ˣ
ˣңϢжϣƺѾʥ磬龳磬һĺϢϲɺء
˽棬аǲٷˣ
𽣶һڵӣһӰȫ־ϲƶЦ
棿Ȼǽ棿
ǰһ鲻ԽزҲˣǽ𽣶оˣ
棡
棡
˷׷ᲽŽӵȥ
ܿ죬ͱ𽣶ĵӸΧ£һ꺮ů
棬ˣǳ˼ĺ룬ҹܿ飬ڼˣ
һŽ֣شЦ
Ǻǣˣˡ
ˬһЦЩΪͻƿ龳磬ط㼣鲼ǧǧ硣򲻸ˣһɹز龳磬Ϊһ龳ĸ֡
ȻЩ궼ҵȴһֱǣŽ𽣶죬ʱشŹڽ𽣶Ϣڽ𽣶Щķɿ췢չǷĵظеˡ
΢΢һЦ
¡͡׵ˣһ˵ɹͻƿ龳磬ʱϲЦտһӶЦ
ϲ棬ϲ棡
Ϊ龳磬ǽ𽣶۷һɳ죬۷µӣԶԶĶѾĹҿ£ˡ
ˬһЦƲסļ


1582 һ
ʲô
СӣȻѾΪ龳ˣ
аһɫ
аǰȻҪǳö࣬ûϵĽҲѾͻƿ龳硣
ǧ˰ٶǰͲ龳а˵Ѿγ˲Св
ãȻΪ龳ˣӣٶתռϷˣ
ħ̾Ϣһ
Ҫ޷նɱŽ壬պûʲôˣǸеźħʮְա
Сӡ
ʱԽȺͶס
°ݼ棬沽龳硣׹
壬ôһֱִţò˵ǽ𽣶Ľҽ𽣶㣬δ
̶̼ʮδȻѾԪˣҪ˶ãǽ𽣶Ҫһʥˣ
һȾͺ֮ʣװһ
¡͵ˣȫЦؿס
ˡ
εشͷʵЩûٸ𽣶鷳ҪңȪʼħڵҲ
޷
ˬһЦбһԶеаһۣվҲϼһﶥšĺˣ⼸߹Ϊǡ
һſڣ죬ûна
¡͵ˣһĿȫһϲ
龳֮ʵǣηа档
л档׹

ʱаŭȳղ˵ʲô˵һȪʼħڵֻһȺ߹Ϊǣ
ǺǣΪҲ龳磬Ϳ޷죬Ŀˡ
գҾͽնɱǧһ
аҽУһͽһ벽˳
沦Ⱥǰа棬Цһа棬˲֪ĵϸҿǶһǧ˰ٶǰͲ龳磬ǣΪһֱħطϵȼԼԪ˵ӦúľԪһغˡ
ܹ֮ڣȫΪ㳣Ԫ
÷ǳô󡣲ľΪһǧɣǣԪķִ֮ȵ˻㣬Ȼӵ龳쾳磬ǣȴδܹսʤֻ龳һң
죬ͽаĵϸһ
аϢһϣɱһƬϣŭؽҧֱ죡
Ļһ⵶Уÿһ֣һ⵶а֮С
¸¸£ɽϻӳƴа̫ûгˣһҶҳԲѷˡ
ҽվ֪аô۵ĵжôĿֲ
аһо͵ӿ޾ħܿ죬ͽԲʮɵĿռС
Ƕ¡
һɫۣӭɫ˿䡣
͡¡׵΢΢һԹԵشŽ𽣶ӣٺ󳷣ս档
˵ܹʤ𣿡
Ȼǳϣܹյʤǣò˵аԲ˵֮ľΪȻѾ龳쾳磬ʵȴС
ûаһʯȴֻһ½֣֮ĵ̫ԶһĴڣϣ滹еûչֳĻ롣
ҾýһܹʤҪ֪Ըȣûаյ飬ûаնɱа棬ǲ׳ֵġ
𽣶ʿȺҵ
ͬʱȪʼħڵһˣҲħ֮£ٺ󳷣սа档
۷׷֮ʣаȻһЦƺѾȲʤȯһѾҵħˣڣҾʶһҺķǧİ˰飬Թ
䣬ае͵һʱ޾ħ֮Уƾջû˺̺顢Թ顣
ȥԹۼһ֮࣬էһۣ鲻Խзս·һС׹ڤظ֮С
ţǿ쿴аȻһٻ˰˰飬Թ飡
νԹ飬ǰҺвʣԹ۵㣬Ӷûɵ塣壬ʿŷǳвһܶԹҧһڣǶҪ̳һգ


1583 
ǿɲԹ鳣ڼ֮ܵ󣬴Ӷûɵĸ߽׵Ĵڣ
ʿвΪأ鲢ûʵ壬ȴϢʿ꣬ʿ𣬱һ׳գصģһˡ
аٻ˰˰飬Թ飬ֱһ֧ڤѹаȫԭа棬µĻУѾ齨һ֧ڤ
ǰ˰飬ԹͲѰ龳ܹĴڡҲֵ֪ܷ
𽣶һڵӣȫΪһѺ
˰飬Թ飿
ڼƵԹ˰飬治ɵüͷһŭ
а棬Ϊ齨ڤɱ˶飿ֱҾ徣
ڣ͵ر˳Ľ𵴣
˵˰飬ɾѡ˶ٵԹ顣ǾڵԹ飬оڵΪаҺ
ɴ˿ɼажôĲɱΪԼսϧ޹ʲɱ顣
ҲֻħˣŻ˵ɱ
ɱأҲֻ˳Ӧˡ
аЦһЦ˵ˣһʿûɱˣȻÿһʿɱˣôʲôʸָң
ҿʲôɣʲô˾ӣһЦˣ
ˣһὫĻǱƳһƷʵ飬ӽ󣬾ͳڤ
аЦеϻ裬Ĵ߶£Թ糱һӿ˽档
أء
ء
˰ǲһ¶ļצ̰򽣶棬ƺѾȲҪ̳ԽĻˡ
Ŵ˷ӵԹ飬汳˫֣أһƺûнڤ
˻
һĻ󣬽𽣶һڵӣȫһһĲ˼顣
ţôˣΪβ㲻
ԹǳɲҪǲұҧһڣò˶ãͻᱻʳһգ治᲻֪
ĪʲôҪȻĻΪλһ
ȫľϢ١
ţ
ڸĪ֪׼Դˣ
азŹ⣬ȴΪ档
⽣ҪΪһˡߣаɱҲԼӡ
ֻҪһ𽣶ûܹסаˡ
ħ뻢ħһЦ
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡ
໣໣໣໣
ĵɻĵڣ˰Թ飬Ѿȫûˡ
ǾĶǵĳ棬ʮѪỴ̄˲ֱӡ
𽣶ӣȫһɫѿ
䡭
Ȼ֮һ춯صıըϯ޾Ľֱӳ˷ϯ֮еԹȫķѣ˲ɢ
а棬Щ顢ԹѰʿв˵ȴһöûСΪѾ˽ꡣҵ꣬һеĽҵĻ꣡
뽫նɱͳ۶еĽգ֮⣬ûеڶְ취
쳹գÿһʿΪ֮һ
ҵڤ
а溿һŰ˰Թ飬ڽĽ֮£ɱ䣬۵һһѪһΣЩ̱ڵء
档
棬û°գ
ħ뻢ħǰа棬һе꺮ů
Ľû뵽Ȼ˽꣬˴һѹɱԭе֡
а΢΢˫ضŽ档
һߣ¡͡׵ˣһ˵а˽꣬ȫ־ϲ۷׷
Ȼ˽ꣿһ¡
¸ƶЦ꣬˼壬ǽ϶Ϊһ֮Ĳ˽꣬Ӵ˽һսһɳ죬ң뽣϶Ϊһ֮󣬻дŽѰħָҿѹֽ԰˰飬Թ飬һҲţԭ˽꣬Թ˺
˷׷׵ͷ
βܹ۽ꣿ˺ʵ
Ҫ۽ֻ꣬нһֽýţлɹңҪһǳͶԵĽСҪѪܹ飬ܹ˵ϡ
һ˽꣬ӽ뽣˽ڽڣ
ɫ֣صؽ͵


1584 򽣹
ڽڣ
˸֣𽣶һʿȫȻ𾴣Ϊ塣
꣬ΨнеĽΪĽգŻ᲻һеɹѰʿȻὫԼĵеĽ
ǣҸûпĽ
ٴһ
΢΢һЦԶսζЦģһǾͿˣڽѾ˽Ĵڣ˽һͶܹ֮ͷųĽҪν
ȵνʱ̣һ֮ʡ
ͷ
ȥ
ٿأһƽըװıԴаֱӻûһâ˽档
Уþ
ħƣħӿ糱ҡػΣ𵴡һƽضɱ֮ϯ졣
һ̣а潫ڵܳͷ˳ҰȥԲʮɵУ𽣶ĵӣȫ̶ȫӲá
ʱһ˶ˡ
ɱ֮浭ĮһЦһӣоһâƾճڽ֮С
һһؽӣûаĵԿ̺ۼеֻǰ߲⼣д˲ɣ
ؽһ֣͸һ˽һΪһĻþ
ৡ
ʱڳһʿȫɴ˫ضŽеؽ
ǿûУ潫ٻˣһӵؽӣ׼ȫսˣ
ţǺ֣⽣ıΪʲôһƽĸоƺʲôֻһеķ
ôܣ龳ʿ꣬ڣԲὫԼһеġ
ûһΪ̫ǳſؽʵƷʡ
ʿȺŽеı
ţ
ӵؽΪʲô˹Ź֣ҵѰۣԲ̽ʵʩչѰۣؽȻȴһջûС
ϵؽɢĽһӵʥ磬Բϳ
ȻĴɻ󣬵Ҳûмֻ̽˫ֺʮϣܹһնɱа棬յʤ
˵ʱʱ죬а򽣶棬νӭУ̲һʱ䡣
򽣹ڣһƵУ
ֳؽĽ棬˲任һһ˷â¶ͺһ෴еؽȴһּΪƽĸо
ն
ѡ
ڣа뽣ıصغһһʯĽش˿
˶Ĥһۣǧս
ÿһʿǻȪʼħڵĵӣǽ𽣶ĵӣȫɴ˫۰Ͱ͵ضսҴ
ߣ⽣ǲȻٻһӲаǰ벽ķ
ħЦһһʤȯյģ
ǳȻаӲӲһ϶ħЦ
͡
䣬ĿһĻˡ
а뽣ȫӲһ֮󣬽ӣͺƶߵķһ߸ߵصɶ۵һһѪ
棡
棡
𽣶ʿһ汻˳ȥȫĻңڵһʱǰסر
ˣܵشħһɵĽ棬鲻ԽͷЦҾ˵⽣϶аĶ֣
һаնɱ˽Ž壬һѪԪ˵ͻãŹֵһˡ
ħ
һߣ¡͡׵ˣһŵΧ£ڽԣһ¶֮ɫ
Ǻǣʤˡ
ŷӵԼΧȺؼһĨЦ⣬ſڽ͵ݹļ鵤ҩ˿Уɫܿͺ
ʲôʤˣ
ǣɵˡ㰡
һʱЩŪ״
ۡ
ɻĵڣһ˺ѵ촫Ĥ˷׷תͷаķ
УаκƶסһһȻХа壬мһΪ˲룬ɺѪҺȪһһ˺Ѱ죬津Ŀġ
а棬Ȼˣ
һĻʿȫĿŴͣԼ۾


1585 һ

һʱ䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿԼ˫
龳а棬Ȼһնɱˣ
δҲ̫˼ˡ
ڳʿȫɴ۾аһΪöûѹ
ǿӾ˺ڶʱڻָƽ
ţаȻһնɱˣ̫ˣҶģ
׻˵ղĿ࿴ʮ꣬һһնɱ龳а棬ϢҪǴܿ콣ͻ峹
̫ˣаѾˣȪʼħڵĿɽȻƾħ޷ǽ𽣶칹вˣ
еıʲôƷʵĴڣǿֲȻһ֣նɱһ龳֣ѵ˽֮ʵ𣿡
𽣶ʿ־ϲһƶЦ衣
һնɱа棬׵춨ʤ֡
棬㡭ȻѾնɱа棿ĽЦⰻȻֹסЦ
ǽ𽣶ӽ󣬽龳ˣҵҪһҽǽ𽣶쵱󡣡
±˫֣ȻͷŻȪʼħڵǧӡ
Բܡ龳֡а桯ôᱻСָһɱˣ
ħɫ࣬ɴţۣأԲҽʵ
ˣ´ˣ
ħŵɫֽ࣬Ŷˣ磬ǸϽӰɣҪȻһ߲ˣ
ħԻһ飬ͷǡ
ಣಣ
ʱħ뻢ħ̤⣬һӣǧȪʼħڵĵӣƴسԶӴܶȥ
ʼգûҪаʬ
а棬ڲ֮ǰҪ̤ƽ𽣶죬Ҫ𽣶ʿ֮أûϵԼһת۾촦ʬ˶ûС
ţ
ӣûôף
һһͽǹٻ˳ǣһ£ָһɡ
ಡ
ʱļʸᴩգ֮ҰʬǶѵɽ
׷
ȪʼħڵϾɱ
ͷ׷׽̤⣬ħ뻢ħӴܵķ׷ȥ
Ӱ𽣶׷ɱˡ
֪ˣǾͲ𽣶ҰˣǵûֵˣҪ
ħȾǡ
Ȫʼħڵǧʿ׵һʸɱһС룬ʿɥ֮ȮһӴţܿ죬ͱĴ׷
һʱ䣬ȷѪ꣬Ѫɡ
ڸʥ֮£𽣶ĵһȣɱأۻȪʼħڵĵӣĶаս֮ģһֻ޵ȣƴӴܡ
ߣҿһȺڻҸ׷ĻǽտҲҪˡ
ħ뻢ħηɶݣԼĪһյĹ򣬾ͷɳ˺Զתͷָ͡δ׷һӣһ̨ٻ˳
ħ뻢ħԾϴ̨꣬ʹ
һ¡¡¡ħӰƾʧ١
ಣಣ
ʱ䣬¡ˣͷ˶һʧٵħ뻢ħɵð̾
Ȼħӵˣǿϧ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ߣ´Ҫٱҿһ˺˵ˡһ
λʦ֣Ȼȥա
޿κεʼ
͵˵ͷ˵УŽ𽣶ķӶȥ
У𽣶ӣΧ˲пܵսҲѾ𽥽ӽβ
ǧȪʼħڵĵӣֻмʮ˶ӹһ٣ӣȫ𽣶ĵӸΧɱһա
档
档
¡͡˻صԣε̯̯֣ħˡ
ˣշˣ𽣶ɲ˭ܹ۸ˡ
΢΢һЦһӣֱӽƯǿе֮С
ϵһ˽ģֱһħӿա
Ǻǣһ벽ΪҵսƷ
Ħ˫Ź⡣
¡͡೤ϣҲϲ
¡
Ȼ潫ݸ˸£ѾΪ֮̵Ѫ벽սһɳ죬ʥУΪεĸ֡


1586 ؽڣ
ʲô
ʹ͸ң
΢΢һһȵؿŽ棬ɫЩŹ֡Ȼûϵ˿󷽡
Ҫ֪һ벽ǳ龳ĸ֣ζӵһ
ϧһֱ޷ԸԳ
񣬽նɱа棬˳õһ벽ΪսƷӦռΪУԼս˭룬Ȼû̫ԥͽת˸£
ߣ˵ʲôܹҪ׻˵޹»Ҫ㼰ʱ𽣶춼޷ػãұΣܹİõܴ˺
һͼؾܾ˽ĺ⡣
£°ɡѾ˽꣬Ӵ˽һҪķˡ浭һЦֱӽ˸µС
ı䴥УһʱЩ
𽣶һʿϡȫһĽʺ޵Ŀ⿴£ԼҲܹõʶ
аǧ꣬ħأѪ֮ҪʱʱڲħԸѹΪáĻ쳤վ֮ǵ޷ƿпܱƣɥʧԣΪһʮħ
һϾһ
һ
ʦܣҪðգǽ𽣶һ֮ʵˣ߳ȥҲǽ𽣶档
һԥеתø͡
ʦֱȻʹ͸ģİõ°աͿЦã֡
ͲʥûжãǳԽеħԣǽ͸ͣĺ
ûȸٶȳȵ
ԣéٿ΢΢̾һڹС
棬һʣ֪
ȻЦؿ򽣶档
壬Ƕһˣʲô;ʺˣֻҪ֪ģһ֪޲𡣡
汳˫֣Цݺ㡣
֪ıʲôƷʵġ׵
䣬ڳʿȫ׷䣬һؿ򽣶档
ȵĿ⣬浭һЦسֻһʲôƷʵķ
ʲôıֻһ
ܣôֻһֻһĻôܹһնɱ龳а棿
龳磬ôܽԼһ֮Угһգ۶ϣ涼Ҫ
ڳһʿȫ࣬һԼĶ䡣
ǺǣҵȽ⡣
΢΢һЦȻ˵ҵֻһǣҸҿ϶һֻ³˻Ϊһ
ţһ
ؽӺ
һʱ
˵ʮǰһػþ֮СڻþڲһϵĽڣڣڲŽЩŽѾˣżģҲƲ
ΨһŽãԣҾͳŽŽγΪСǣŬ꣬ûܳɹ

ԭһؽڣڲõġ˵Уڣǽ߲ɥ֮󣬸еĽõķĹΪڽͿҲġ
ţʲôʱܹһڣУõһͺˡһܹɻڴϧһԵǳû
Ϊ˰γķĹҲ̫ˣΪʲôҪ˼ᶨƣ֮Ժ㣿ϾŽֻһˡ
һզ̾ͬʱֶԽΪе
ɬһЦĳǸʱѾоԼԪߵͷǴӽڣڲȥҲѵõʲôͻƿ龳ˡԣĿĵεڽڣŬ
һ٣ܵĿеɻ󣬽һЦʵڳ԰νʧ֮󣬾û׼νֻڽڣȫǺÿµʮգŽвһʵĽҵע⡣
ҸоŽڿң̺һĽ⡣
һϾǺҾͿʼȫȫشĦ̺Ľ⣬֪͹ȥ꣬һգڽ̺ĽĦͨ͸֮˳ͻʥƿ龳磡
ңҺؽŽ˳
氺ͷһĽŽȻʱ䳤УΪһǣΪҲܹĽ⡣ԣڰγŽĵڶ죬;꣬еĹŽ϶Ϊһ


1587 Ͱ˷
һ̾ȫ۷ˡ
ǻֵáΪŽȻһУǣֻһ˵˶ãͻѡ
³һһĨõЦݡ
ҼţӽֻҪҹϵؼһָܹķɣΪһУ
ᶨ
ðͷΪƽкá
棬еĹŽȻֻһȴ̺һ˿Ľ⣬ƾ˿⣬ͲѰķܹġҪȻаҲᱻһնɱ
·
ЦŵͷȻȿȿȿȵؿ
棬һնɱа棬νһٳ塣ӽ󣬽𽣶Ҳ֡
ʱ䣬ͰգŲʲôҹˡ
΢΢һЦ
˵ͷ
档
ݲǰһһƿݸ˽棬ҵһ⣬¡
ৡ
ʱڳһʿȫˢˢתͷס
ţ
壬ΪҪ͸
ִ׵нӹƿšƿʶ̽ڲҪ֪͸ʲô
ţǡ˵еȪ
һ̣͵صɴ˫һ˼ضף㡭ȻҪȪ͸ң
龳Ľ棬ڿȪĵһۣ鲻Խؼȫ¸ͣ
Ǻǣֻһˣɾ⡣
ʼƵսأȪָҲܹһЩ⣬ոս龳磬ȹ̵ȪҲܹ°빦
ͷ˵ļһԥֽƿסƿݸס
壬ȪʮףԼðգС
һϾǽ𽣶δϣҪȪ̲Ϊ𽣶棬˵ʲôҲԸĺ
ţ
һʱչһЦ棬ǧȪһвٴ㣬áʦ֡áٴѩˣҶʹȪԣҲؿˡ
䣬治ɵõһһ˼ضס
׾Ȼӵ֮Ȫǽ𽣶ʿʹ˲٣ֱɵǮĵʺ
ãúá
һ浱Ҳٳɣֽӹƿϵظл׵ĺ
װ˰֣Сһ׮
ǿŽ壬涼Ҫܵʹͣ
ַ̫ţˣ֮£ʦЩѷɫˣַȻֻһǣȴƴ֣һ֣涼Ҫлĺ£Ȼǽ𽣶ϣȴҪķ֣վǸ
ʲôʱҲܹ˲ƴ֣Ͱ˷ͺˣǷޣ
𽣶һʿȺ۷׷סÿһʿгһܹɻڴȻһߵ˻ܱ˵м
ߣǻţ
е׵֣ǵسŽ𽣶Ӷȥ
һһҪ𽣶ɽػ²һ£ʹȫһͲµҰˡ
Ȳ
ܿ죬һȵطɵ˽𽣶Ͽգ¡͵ˣǹػں
¡¡
ʱһʮӰƾճ˵֮СʮӰһ֣ɢһƣѹ˴
ţ
Ǻηʥ
ȻһתͷԶӰ
֮ʿȫһ
ԭϻ˴ŻɽһĳϸԮˡһЦ
壬û°գ
ϻ˸һסΣɢʶѰ׵Ӱֹ֮е꺮ů
лǰ޷󰭡΢΢һЦ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺãˡ
ϻ˳һٿƱǣؿ˷ѰħаӰߣ˵Ȫʼħڵаħǰ𽣶ɽţأϻһаʵ
ԣ¡͡˲ɵӶЦ
ǰаѾնɱˡ
Ц
ʲôаѾնɱˣ
ϻһ𾪣ʵ˭ɵģ
ָָԵĽ棬ǽǰɵģһնɱа档
˻
ϻԵļɽĳϣȫΪ֮һһתߣڽϡ
ˣ
ϻЦϵզ̾û뵽ʮδѾ˳ؽ龳ˣǿϲɺأ


1588 
ֻǽҰˡ
ˬһЦ˹֣ϻܹԶǰԮҽ𽣶죬£ҽ𽣶ĵӣģ
ϻ΢΢һЦ빲ѣˡ˵ˣ񰵺ħ棬Ȫʼħ˰ħϽ˵ö֮ڹ˽ҶܹӲܡ
һ٣ϻۺؿ򽣶棬ʵѣаǱһնɱģ
ͷһЦ
̫˼ˡаƵ龳ֻ֣֮ϣû뵽ȻһնɱˣֱŰ
ϻ˵һ
ǰĽ棬ѽˡ
һЦڻԵɺ֮£һصĽڣ֮УõһŽңһ˽꣬Ȼ龳磬ʵȴС⣬а泣Ԫѱһ廨ͷΪǡ
ɽһĳȫ˫Ź⣬һʧ
ʲô˽ꣿ
˵ֻĽգл꣬ǺôĻԵ
ǿƹһնɱа棬ӽ󣬽𽣶ƱؽɻڴΪһ
ɽļ뷢԰׵ߣ֮ʡ
¡¡¡¡
ʱ𽣶Ͽգһλ˲ٵӰ
𽣶һڵӣȫѭȥ
ǻĹŷҵļסǰ
лĹżҵĳϼ仨ǰ
ٴһȥһʱͽ˵ݸȷˡ
壡
壡
뼧仨λһһʱͺ׵֡ٲȻǵĿУ׵İΣҪġ
ڣȽ𽣶ǷŻҪҪ
ǰڡ
׵ݲǰӭӡ
û£Ҿͷˡ´һףȷû֮󣬷ųһ
ߣȪʼħǳıӵˣȻ𽣶죬Ҽ仨ҪúûħңħĶ
仨˼ҵеļλŮ֮һǸƵʥ֣óһ롣ɢʶ´̽˷ѰħӰ
ˣаѾնɱˣħǽˣǶˡϻһЦ
ţ
ʲôа汻նɱˣ
ʱ仨׵һ˵ȣȫһĿתƣͳͳ۽ڽϡ
ˣһϲؿŽŽۻϢһզ̾
û뵽ʮδѾ龳硣
һˡ
ˬһЦ˹֣ʱҲڣλѱӻ𽣶죬м
ӦõģӦõġ
뼧仨һЦ
˵ǿܲš
ϻ˷ɵ뼧仨ǰ΢΢°ͣаǸһڽǰûл֮һ͸նɱˣ
һնɱа棿
ⲻڿЦɣаȻδô˵ҲƵ龳֣ᱻһնɱˣ
ĹżĹŷҵԮȫ˼ؿϻˡ
õһӶ˳龳磬ңõһŽ˽꣬Ȼֻǳ龳磬սȴǳֲ
ϻ˽͵
뼧仨ɵ֮г˾֮ɫ͵Ļ뼧仨Щɣϻ˿ϢҲûаɡ
ϲ㣡
٣㲻Ҫֲǡ
뼧仨׷ǰ뽣к
λܹǧԮҽ𽣶죬ϷѾмˡ
ʮǫѷ񣬡ߣȻѾˣұϯλѡ
ǶҪ飡
ŷסϻˡ仨ˣŽ𽣶Ӷȥ
ܿ죬͵İ£ڲ¡صϯζȡɽ亣ζһӣ桢¡͡׵ˣζϻˡס仨ơ
ѣǸһϲ㲽龳磬ǿƹӽ󣬽𽣶콫Ϊһްˣ
ƵƵٱ¸߰
лԣȸˡһһɶ
壬ʲô𣿡
ٿأתͷԵס
𽣶µǱǿ׳ʱǿƹҺܸˣʱһˡ
׶žƱõҾպǰ컯ɾȡͻԪƿʥ硣
⣬Ҫȫ֮ȡԼķ֮ɱ䣬ٳ߸ͷһ
׵


1589 ̶ܶ
ͷ
壬ʱ䣬ǲ˻Ĺŷҵˣɢڸ֮УѰɸżڡȻϣǳãô˵ҪɸżУҲִֻı취ˡ
׵
׵ͷһЦ
ǻĹŷ˳ҵ˵ڶڣһġϣʱһҪԮ
һϣؿס
׽ظĵֱ죬ǰκʱκεص㣬ֻҪҪһ浽
õ׵Ŀ϶𸴣ײɵúˬЦ
Ȼ˵һνаżУĹŷһûšΨла۷򴫳еףõ˰ҹħػսūǣײԸʹ˰ݡ
ϾаżУֻսū桢鵤սȵȸֱ
ֻҪĹŷܹһУõƱؽɻڴ
ϯգ˷ɢȥ
ͬʱǿƹһնɱ龳а¼ش˿
̶̼գ飬˲֪˲
𽣶һ쳹壡
̫ɽıڲ
ٴż¼㱨̫ʱһһңż򣬲ʱϸĵظװһˮѣ׵
嶾ôˣ
Ȼʵ
ʦ𣬻嶾ˣ컯ɾˣķԸҵһǡƽǵֻǸشһ
ٴ֪ǧֻ嶾룬˳شѾҪˡѯһΪá
ԣǰһ
ǧֻ嶾룬ӳڣҲʱˣȷҪˡ
׿֪嶾֮󣬶Լǿ׶һ֡ǧֻ嶾֣ʥĸ֣пɥ
̫һ嶾֣һǿ
ߣȥ

ٴæǰ·
ܿ죬ڰٴ֮£סˣɽһǰ
ݼʦ𣡡
ݼʦ𣡡
λ˸Ϣۻʿػڶ࣬һ˫ִĿ⾼ƽһ˿̾ͻǳ⡣
£״ǰȴʮֵù
׳λ˵ͷ
λʩϣæڰٴĴߴ£򿪶š
ʱڲ߸ŮƺҲ˶һ·Сܶ׵ǰ΢΢Ƿ
Ӱݼʦ𡣡
Ӱݼʦ𡣡߸Ů毺ã崿ɰ
񡣡
װ˰֣żɽҴ˷ǰӲ嶾ġǿǰȥ

ǡ
߸Ůƣסٴˣ˶
ڶĵطһ˹ܶܶϷʯϣǶһſҹ飬ɢ͵ĹâܶҫһƬ
ܶĵײһ̶ϵðŶϵطӿŶݣȥؿڶ̶ڲһֻֻƴСɫ֩룬ؼһڶ̶
ٴסж
úܺá
ʶ̽ڲܿͷ̶ֶеǧֻ嶾룬ѾҪ꣬һǳ׳˶ҹĹĵġ
лʦޡ
߸Ů׵Ŀޣһ΢ЦǷ
͡
׳Űٴʾһɫ
ٴ󵱼һӣǬͳһǬݸ߸ŮǬ߰ٽ裬߰ٿ鵤߰ٿƷʯʦʹ͸ǵġ
ʦӸм
лʦ𿶿Ϊ
߸ŮһϲЦտл
ˣʦ𡣡
ȻһŮһʱ䣬嶾֮УʮƷ֣ǵץˡҪҪҲ
ײɵüͷһ
ʮƷ֣촽Ϊ졣
ٴˣҲ־ϲ
˶֪嶾ĳȺУһļʣֱƷ֡嶾룬Ѱ嶾Ҫöࡣ
Ϊؼǣ嶾ۻһ̶֮󣬾ͻ໥ɣһֻٶ
ٶ룬ǳȺĳ
䶾ԣԶԶѰ嶾ܹᲢ۵ġ
û뵽Ŷ̶̵ļʱڣʮֻ嶾˱졣
£סٴˣ߸Ů£һ֮УڲɢһЩʯ裬ʮֻ嶾ĵţʱؿɼ衣
һĻסĿࡣ


1590 
ûϵ߸ŮȻֱ뾧ʯι롣
ɱҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿ̫壬ƴ֣ԴԴϵعʯ衣Ҫڱɽ壬ıǮûС
ѹһԴ࣬ԭ˱롣ٴȻصૡ
֮ǰٴõ׵߸ŮҪʲôԴҪ㡣ԣ⼸ŮԴʱ򣬰ٴȻ磬Ҳûоܾǣ׻㱨ʱǰ̽һ
Ŀķǳ򵥣ײ鿴һ߸Ůûб˽ҡ
߸Ůûеô֮ڹ˱룬ʵ˴һ
֣Щ뿴Ϊʲôֻһɫ嶾ıƷ֡ʶ̽ڲı룬Щ룬Ҫͨ嶾һȦ֮⣬ɫ嶾ྶͥһƷ֡
Ѱ嶾룬ɫɫʰ쵡ǣȴֻеһһɫ
ʦ嶾ڵֶأһԾġҪֶʧȥƽ⣬ô
룬Ϊڵһֶطǳͻֶأǣ漣ػ롣
ЩĶԣǳֲԶѰ嶾ܹģȻˣȻңǶԵһұҧ֮󣬽ⶾһЩ
ֻҪﵽһֻôǾͻ໥ɣգֻһֱֻ룬ͻûɰٶ룬ΪȺĳ
ɰŮظ״ɽ
ûȻ
ಣ
ȻһöƴСı֣ƾմ׵ıϯڰУת
ǰ̧ͷ֣΢ơ
һ̣һò׵Ůƾճڸ߿УȻǰٻ롣
ݼ峤
μ峤
߸Ůһٻ룬æ
ǺǺǣȻôʮֻ룬ûйҶǵ
ٻһЦеʮֻ룬˫˸˸Ź⡣
߸ŮӶЦ
ͣ
ȻٻָһһĻ飬һƿ֮СƿװҺҷȴǴһɴ̱ǵζ
һŹֵؿٻ롣
Щ룬ոձ죬ڵĶ׷ɣҪزСƾ뾧ʯԶԶġ
ٻҵıѪЩ˵õĲƷѾʧȥԣֻаһЩҺУΪƷˡ
ԣײɵûȻ
ԭٻǰԼĻ̲롣
š
ٻֱһӣһεͽƿͷһŮС
Ůϻ̳ϿֵŴƿһСĸˡ
Ҫú룬ʲôʱɹ˰ٶ룬һᵥһɽǵġ
͸߸Ůһͼ
лʦ𡣡
ʦЯ࣬ӶȫԸ
߸Ů
ò˵߸ŮڣĹСز֮Խ߸Ůġ
ǰ׼ǰ컯ɾˡתͷٻ룬Ƚ컯ɾָ򡣡
ǺǣҪ컯ɾˣһΪ㽫Сزء
ٻЦǺǵһ˵Сزֵʱǿ
Сز
Сز˭
ȫתͷףò˵Ů˵ĵо׼ȷһ˲Ͳ˲Ծ
Ǹһ빲ѡ赭дŬ侲
ָ磬ܲܲҪȥ컯ɾ
Ÿջû꣬Ҫ뿪ˣ᲻ã
һؿס
ҡͷЦǣŮ֣οԣһ᳣̽ǵġģҸƿа۴ķ壬컯ɾУҪȫöࡣ
ڼҪŬȰٶɹˣҾͽȺʹ͸ǣƿءʱҲܹǵʵ
΢΢һЦ
ӿЦŮҲһˣ֪׵ƢȻ׾˵飬˭Ťת⡣
ðգǾ룬ˣһҪ
һ
׽ظĵ죬һܿģ֮˵Ѿһʥĸˣ


1591 ع
𽣶죬̫ɽһڲ
˫ֱϥһ֮ϣ˫΢΢𣬿ʼץסһ˿Ӧ
ɲǼ䣬׵ʶڲ͸ֳһ߲ʵĳ̨
ಣ
һʱ˵ƾʧ١
ǰһתƹ˼ֺֻͣеָһ˲䣬˫סεʱ򣬷ԼѾ˴˵е컯ɾ
ŨȫëȫſʱشһǷ
ڻˡ
촽̧ͷ򱳺Զĳ̨һظƣɢһɲɣϵϢ
޾ĺڳ̨ĵײɢһɹɽХ
ʩչѰ̨ۣھŲ̨ڲ
ſȭͷСʶӣ˵ھŲ̨ڲɢӨӨ⣬һţȻ׵ʶӡ
ֵһǣ׵ʶӣϢۻ룬ڲ̺һödַ׭ֱӰռλáİ˿ʶӣһ׵ʶӸ룬׵ʶӣһľ룬óȻ
Ǻǣ뿪Щû˭ʶܹҵʶγв
촽г졣
˵ܹڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣвֵܹһ˽ܡ
ȻǳңҲ˵ͱġ
ң˵ʶӱˣҲһǴǿʶӣں˅dַ׭ʶӡ
ԣ׸õԼʶӻᱻ˸ȡ
٣ʱڣûҪǡ
Ǻǣҵʶ֮⣬СزѻܿܿʶӣҲȻûб˸ȡ
΢΢һЦ
Сز׵Ļ飬Ȼϣʶӱ˸
ڰѻܿܿ
ѻܿܿǾţҲ׵һУȻעһЩ
Ϊնɱ𻢣˾ĳϡ𡱣ĹϵҲõжԣѻ֮ܿܿѺþϵҲø
ǰ
һʶ̽챦ڲ֡
ڻص컯ɾˡٻϲЦտ壬͸·ѾȲҪСزˡҲ֪ʱһСز£ʲôˡ
˵ţٻɢʶʼλ
Ϊ컯ɾһƯ磬ûй̶Ŀռ꣬ԣ̨컯ɾиá
ǰٻ룬ҲҪһʱ䣬ܹµķλ
ƽ
һӣֱӽǧɵѪɫٻ˳
𣡺𣡺𣡺
Ѫɫһ֣𵴣ɳ졣
ͬʱڰѪɫһɵĻƽ
ಣ
׽ŲһתһΣ˻ƽ֮ϡ
壬컯ɾĵشͲɱٻҡеЩЦá
жʲô컯ɾ͸ʲô͵ˡ
Цûнٻѵһ¡
ٻϢһϣҪ𣬲תһ룬׿Ǽ̳а۵һַ壬ܹھͶ֮˺գռѷڲ˲𾳽ĸ֣Ҳܹӳ졣
ԣ׸ûбҪηηβ
ҵ֮Կ㣬Сزύ̶ܴϾǿƿصķ塣û뵽һתۣҾͽˡ
ٻȻһЦָһµķ
̡
һ¡
𣡺𣡺𣡺
Ѫɫʱڿն𣬳ԶշӶȥգۼ䣬ǧɿ⣬ƼӰһ
ȻˣΪ컯ɾĺĵشǳֲѪɫҲֻܹάֵͿշе״̬
ʵϣҪΪ׳ɹڳ̨ڲһʶӣѪɫɲ˶ԶҪߡ
Ϊ׻˳̨ϿɣԣҪܵѹҪѰʿСöࡣ
Ѫɫİ壬ȻҲһеģҪܵѹҲҪСöࡣ

Х죬ͷ˿ӭƮ
׾ĿԶ컯ɾеĴúɽŨоƽһɳ顣
ǰҪãִܹһĴӪ֪һĴӪ˿ȴ֪ںδ
Ļ͵ˡٻĻҲʱ䡣
׵˵ͷ
컯ɾһ㲻ã޷ʹǫ̂׺ķڸ·ϵʱв١
аѪɫ䵱ԼȫڻƽĦŷ壬ȡ촥Ԫ۷徳ıݣһٳƿʥ硣


1592 С
ת֮䣬Ѿȥ˶ʮ졣
ʮʱڣ׶ڻƽϣյƷʹĦšǳġ
Ϊĵشĵ򣬻ѾߴָˡңиɱϽ߮ԣʿ޸ڲĵش
ǽĵشҲǼΪóȻ֡
ԣһ·Ƿƽ˾Ҳֵˡ
ʮҹЪİɽˮ˺ĵشıԵش׼ĵشʱһ춯صĺ׵ע
¡¡¡
ţ
Զѭȥһɽһߣһըװĺ죬ϯ񳱣죬ƺڼս
ͣ¡
״һӣðѪɫֹͣ˵ͿշС
ಣ
ţһӣͽѪɫ˱УðѪɫú
壬Ҫʲô
ʱٻ׵Ժ֮С
Ǻǣȥ˵ܹ©׻ֽţ΢ơ
壬£Ҫǳĵشǰ˿ٻæȰ˵
û£׵һЦһΣͻΪһ⣬ԳԶɽӶȥ
Сӣвסٻ޿κεһ
ԼĪСʱʱ䣬ϢؿԽɽ壬ſһɽĶʯ֮󣬿Դ
ণ
ſ׼ϵİҹħһϯһɵĺ׸Уʱ׵ϢƵڸǡ
ȥֻʮʿۼһ𣬸ŰۣݿΣŮ
Ⱥ룬һӺݴ󷽵ŮŵĴҹ㣬һɴȹͶ֮󷽣ƺȺһվȺ֮Уһȥܹܵİ
ţ
ЩһǿһҲֻԪ쾳磬ʿ磬ԪʿҲ
һȥܿͽǰʮʿĵϸ̽һĴҡҡͷ
׿ʮʿʵǳһ㣬Ȼҽĵش̽գֱѰ·
Ǳɱˣ·һ
Щһĵش΢΢ü󣬡ѵ׼ʵǳ̨ȡȪ
׿ǰʮʿûпܻǫ́ϿɣӶڳ̨̨һʶӡ
Ȼûпܻǫ́ϿɣôֻռȪһֿˡ
ϾֻҪһ̨ףܹһȪ
Ȼǰʮʿһ㣬ǣٻܹϼ̨׵ġֻҪ̨ܹףܹȪ
ȪĪĺô
ǡ
ܿ죬ҡҡͷЩһҪʵǳ̨ռȪĻΪʲôҪⱩ¶٣
׹۲һĻֲûκδ򶷵ĺۼ֮ǰȴϵش챬죬ѵΪ֮
еסӣع۲ǰ
С㣬һ˽ҪǱ峤ˣ롣
ҪǻǾȥա
һ۵꣬һؿȺӺŮ
ߣһγǲһЩɼǾԲȥġӺݸ߹ŮǿİͷɣҿɲһֱĻ䣬Ϥĺǻҿ޶꣬ڽСǧ֮УСһʱ̣
С㣬ܹ֤Լ뷨ǣһͽĵش׼ɱŹŵɱδҲ̫ðˣһпɥȪ
һŮȰ˵
ôˣ
СĵŮɵһҪˣ뿪աһˣҲܹ˳ؿɱŹŵɱ
С㡭
ǲ뿪ģϵɽ»𺣣ҲһĳɡȻѾ⣬Ǿ鵽ף
ڳʮʿһСȫް⣬ʱ޿κεһ̾Լ
ͬʱԶɽףȴһصɴ˫ԼĶ䡣
ʲôЩһȻ׼ɱŹŵɱ
׵һһЦг˲м
ĵǾŹŵΧʱɱѲ߮Ǿ֪ŹŵɱǳֲͨʥӣǰʮͽʿܹĴڡ
ЩһУߵСģҲֻԪľ磬˾ŹŵɱǾһ
ƾǣҲɱŹŵɱδҲ̫쿪ˡ
ҡͷһЦ


1593 ׷
ãƽûпǣǻġ
СĵŮ˻֣Եߴٵ죬ȼ׷Źŵɱ


˸꣬һ֮ͳһķֽ


ָһ꣬һ׷ڿն𣬻һȼ
¡¡¡¡
ʱһ춯صը˷մ⼸ʮɽΪ֮
Щһ﾿ʲôͷȻ־ͳһ׷δҲ̫ƴˡ
΢΢˫һ˼ؿе׷
е׷߰ʮ֮ࡣ
Ҫ֪׷ǳһԪʥŷǳвƽǺʥҲͳ׷
ڣǰʮʿһ֣ͳ߰ʮ׷ҲͰˡ
׸е𾪵ǣЩһƺûн׷һ£ּ̧һ׷ĿģΪɱֻվŹŵɱϹˡ
ü˴ףЩԽܡ
Ҳ֪ЩһһİܼӣȻ̣׷촽ԭеʱһɨա
ЩһҪƾʵɱŹŵɱпҪƾ֮ߵ׷սʤ֮
״
ݣ˭ʤ˭صкܶࡣһΪߣһܹʤ
һԪʿһ׷ô׺ɱһʥĸ֡
СһȺˣΪ˽ŹŵɱϹͲϧķ߰ʮ׷У϶иĸƷʷֽһɱŹŵɱʲôܵ顣
ٺ٣ǵһˡ촽Ϊ˷ܣһҾһװ̵
¡¡¡¡
СһȺ½ʮ׷֮ڣԶʣһȺӰطӶɱ
쿴ˡװǾŹŵɱ
ȻȺ˾һ
ô̫ˣϷˡСתͷбһۼٷӶȺ΢΢̣һӣ󡣡
ϡ
ʱڳʮʿ׷׼һһΣӸԵӿһɹʰ쵵ء
ǺηʥҾŹŵĵҰ챨
ܿ죬Źŵɱɱ֮࣬ͷһˣǸʥ֡ĻҲвټʮԪʥߡ
۷ʵԶԶСһ
Ǻǣ˭ûʸֻ֪Ҫ֪նɱ־͹ˡ
СİȻվŨ룬һЦضɱһȺˣ˿ûаĵ뾪塣
ʲôҪնɱ
ɱͷʥ֣һЦ鲻ԽЦƬ֮󣬷ЦһޱȱĵףƾһССʥߣҲҪնɱң
ǺǣҾʶһҵ
˵ţʥɱ͵һָһ
ͣ
ʱĽƳգСġ֮У̺ʥֵı֮ԲС
һСһӣһ֮ϯ赭дؾͽˡ
̶ֳȵķ֮Ҳó׳ҴʧСµس
ţ
ܣԲܡ
Źŵʥ֣һ˼ضףզпһԪСȻܹͶ֮䣬ҵķ֮
һˣŹŵʥֵʱ΢΢˫ɫϾ
ϣ
ҵҪСѾͷжʥִһӣ˵ʱӵϣһ߶ɱ졣
ɱ
ɱ
УʮԪĻ׵壬һȿֺСģ±ͷ
Сǧ
ŷӵȺСЦһڣ͵һ콣
ͣͣͣͣͣ
˵ʱʱ죬СڵĽ˲⧲ǰļʮԪʿ⧲֮£ʱʿģһغ
ҡ
ⲻܣһȻܹ߶˿ֲĽֱֲ̫ˣʥ֣Ҳû˿ֲĽ
һʿĽȻ˳棬ǧˡǼ֣ǰȻڽϻ·磬ǲ˼飡
ʧһͣסŲҲǰ


1594 ˮ½
ţСĵʵδҲֲ̫ˣ
֮ǰЩСˣ
Զһɽʯ󷽣ײɵһʧɴһţۣԶս
СչֵʵʵսԲʥ֣
׸е𾪵ǣСĵǹƥȻѹŹŵʿҪ֪ʿУżʮλԪĸ֣ԲС
ȻСľȻں֮䣬ͷųǧһ棬նɱλʥߣʵ׶еԵ̾
֪С˰գ
ҵڣһСǧҵһЩ߹Ҳͼ棿ֱѰ·
Сһֽ֣Ųͣٶȷش߶Сǧ¾žŹŵһʿ
͡
콣׷ɣ𵴣ҡػΡ
Źŵɱĺ֮Ȼʱ˿̣ûл῿СģͱĽ䴩
һʵĻ֣ӦѣСĵĽɱ֮£һ
ʲô֮оȻһ󣿻Сǧ󣿡
Źŵɱͳ첻ɵõһСĵУһĨ㵡
ͬʱԶɽ䣬Ҳһ̾
û뵽СĵڣȻһһš
ҡͷ̾Ϊһ龳ĸ֣ܹ˽һѾǲɶõˡǱСҪʮǧˡ
СģֻԪ磬һСǧ󣬾ҼΪĽʿ
׺֮ʡ
ǰ
һеİٻ롣ٻһֱڹע׵ĺʱڵСģҴδ˵һ½֮ӡҸҶ϶СĵʵԻǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
ײɵصص˵ͷ
СģȻֻԪ쾳磬ǣʵȫѷɫʥ֣ңӵһ򵱹Ī¡ֻҪС˳ʥ磬ҪڵھŲ̨лȡһϯ֮أֱ練Ƶ顣
ǰû˵Сģ
ɫŹֵգգ۾̾û뵽컯ɾ˲ԻСһǳں壬ȴʮء
˵ţ̧ͷս
ס֡
ɱͳ죬һĽ֮£˹룬ɲȻṳ̆ش߶ܣСѹ¡
¡¡¡¡
ʱĽʥѹ֮£ɢ࣬Ȼвٽϵвɱ
ˮ½
ɱͳһӣһ벽ıٻ˳ˮ½һ֣𵴣
ϰٸɱһͳ֣ݲ󳷣ͳ
ţǰ벽ˮ½ôǺǣ̫ˣҵСǧ֮УȱһȫҪܹˮ½ΪУҵСǧ֮УһܹʵһΡ
û뵽Ȼ㣬ˡ
СķĿ΢Уضˮ½Ŀ⼫Ϊ̰
ߣҹݺСɾǧ꣬⣬ΪŹŵնɱҴ뾳ڵܡˮ½ҵսƷ
һССʥߣȻںСǧҲҵĶ֣
Цһһеİ벽ˮ½ʱһ͵һһĽ
Сǧ󣬵
СĽ߳һ߶ڵСǧͷųǧӭǰȥ
顭
ֻһ죬콣飬СĵĽͺƶߵķһɶ𣬿ɺѪ
áˮ½
ԽԽϲˡ
С֧վؿŵλãһǵĽۣѪⷴתѪ硣
ϣȴǰδе˷
ͳ䣡
ͳúãϽնɱΪȥֵǱ𣡡
ߣһССʥߣȻǾŹŵĵҰҲԼӣ
ŹŵɱһͳɵЦ
ಣ
ʱСһΣվŨ֮У΢΢һֻЦݶŹԡ
ǧ
һֻ̣һСĵڽ

Х˲£ûһε֣ԲɵȫС
ھŹŵһɱȫУѡ
ͬʱǧӵ֮ԳŸ߿еɱȥ


1595 ǧ
͡
Ľֱײ˷ϯֳ˷ϯȥǧеɱɱñˣΣ
һʱ䣬Ҵϰɱ׹һӴĽڲǧķɱ
ǾȻ׹˴ǧУ
ģԭŮа֣ǾȻһֱûз֡
ˣǧ󣬿ҪСǧʮٱҪӳȥǳѡ
ͳ죬칥ǧ󣬾һ
ھŹŵɱһʧ콣Ĵݲ£ˮ˷š
ʲô
Ȼ˴ǧ󣿡
ˮ½ʮ𾪣üһбרҪɱҾŹŵɱˡ
ûʶࡣ
СĽЦһȫƣʱ˿̵Сģ˵ǣһСǧͬʱǴǧһۡ
ߣƾһǧ󣬾뽫ҹԿɱδҲ̫ˣ
ŭХһȫѪڣͬʱеˮ½ڲƾջûһ£ڹԵͷˮĽػڹԵ
ʱϯĽȫˮ¹⣬赲ڹԵʮ⣬ǳŹ֡
ն
һЯ޾뷨֮ԳС
һӳһǧɵĽϯɺѪ̺ŹԵıѪǳֲ׾ͿԺһǳ
񣬹ȫ߶ˮ½СģҪСʧء
һСʧأôǧҲ˲ֱ
Сǧתѣ
ŴĿֲСĲҳɣתСǧͷųЩһһ𣬷תɱ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ̲еָһ˲ʱ䣬һɽѵĺ;Դ˿𵴣޷漫Ϊֲ
ۡһԲҺһɶŴƾճһСѪǰᴩȫʶѱɱһ
СģҲòĶȥϣؿڴ鶼һǵĽۣɺѪˮӿ津Ŀġ
¡¡¡¡
ԲɵΪ֮𵴣ǧҲܵ񳱵ǿҳҪάֲסˡ
ڴǧڲɱʱ˿̣Ѿɱ߰˰ˣֻʣǵļʮʿأڸ翹ж붼Ԫĸ֡
ЩҴʿϢ٣ңƴش߶еıŴǧ
Զɽ׵ɴһţۣɵõһ
СǺôȻֳˮ½Ĺಫǳţ»
һҡͷп
ʥĸֳ֣һ벽ȫɱ̶ֳȵսʥҲǼΪ͵Ĵڡ
£СľȻӲƴԼСĶԼŶô޴ġ
Ȼ˵СŽĸǣȻʮֿɹ
׸е𾪵ģСĲӲƴһѣңɹش˹ԣȻԼҲش֮䣬ǲ¡
׶ȻϻСĴڡԪ쾳磬ܹӲһְֳ벽Ĺԡ
ͳ죡
ͳ죡
ǧУҴļʮʿηӣɿشӵ˹ԵشĹԸ
ȣ
Ԫתܿ죬ۿӵٶ˳
ͬʱСҲ֧վ̳˼鵤ҩѵ½ӻ塣
ΪСشǧ񳱵Ĳʱ˿̵ĴǧѾǿ֮ĩĸоܹ߶Ľǧɱвûǰˡ
󣡡
׷ɱǣ
СĽһ
顭
ʱɢڷԲɵĸ䣬ʮ۵ʿ¶ɱע
ôⲻܣǵľΪҲԪ磿
һֱΪʥڰæ߶ǧû뵽ֻһȺ߹
һǲĸ֣һڹϼ壬ż崫С
ҴļʮɱһųǰʿĿ΢΢תƣÿһʿе׷ɵõһ
ȥÿһʿУһ˵Ҳмʮţɢľķ򲨶


1596 
ţһ﾿ǺηʥȻ˵òƴ֣ÿһʿжһǾף
ˣȺһҪͬʱ߶е׷ǿ·ַӾҪɱˡ
ӣ˾ֻ·һ
ʮʿе׷Ҵɱһʧس˷Ӷݶȥ
ÿһʿƴȼھѪֻ޵ȡ
ɱͳԣֻ֮Ҳ˲ҧ⣬ƾһ˿Ѫʩչ˽طȼѪɶݡ
ﭡ
ˮ½ãڴʱ˿쾡µչ˳
ڹԵȫ߶֮£ˮ½ûһɫϸߣһգ۾ͷɳɣٶ֮죬ƼӰ
ɱ
׷ȼգ
ɱȺɱ
ʮֳ׷ʿһֻӴܵɱ׷״߶е׷ͷųɱС
顭
ʱһˮͰϸףԺһӴܵӰ
Ȼÿһɱ߾ȫǣ׷£Ȼûѱɱˡ
ֻһ춯صĺһɱ̵غĲ⣬Ѫ֮һغˡ
һʱ䣬ʮҴɱһر׷ɱ
Ǵɨսȥ׷ԣ
С֧վŹӴܵķ׷ȥ
С㣬ˣͲҪˣ
С㣬Ī׷
С㣬ǹȻشˮ½֣׷ϣһŹŵԮˣǾ߲ˣ
ʿ׷ݲǰСġ
ұҪõˮ½
СɫᶨһΣһ·ɣŹԵķ׷ȥ˵Ȱ˵
ʱˣ
ͬʱԶһɽ󷽣شһǷһΣʱ̤ӡԳŹԵķ׷ȥ
ɲɵǣӴܵķڵɽ岻Զȫ԰·ء
ಣ
һΣһͷԱһǱɽ֮У֮䣬ƾʧ١
ߣ׷ңûôף
һ׺˵ͷƤըϢңܿ죬Ծϲط֣Լͳ׷ķ䷶ΧСһȺҪʩչ׷ɱԣҲûпˡ
ܿ죬ԾͷУһٻӰִŵ׷ɱԼö˵Сġ
СģȫȻشǣˮ½֣ͬ˵СҪ׷ǲܵ顣
ܿ죬ԾͽСԶԶ˦ûȹԷɾ裬ëȻһĻͳˡ
ಣ
һӰƾճڹԵǰǹͦ
վס
΢΢ͷЦеضżӶĹԡ
ţ
ֻһԪСô
ʶһɨʱǸԪСԭɤ۵ʱ΢΢أŲһתתһ򣬼Ӵܡ
ȻԲ׸ǣһСһģ׷ôһ׷ķ䷶Χ̾ͻɱ
ԣԽѡ˱ܿ

ôױܿģ

һͽǹ˳ıǹһ֣𵴣ҡػΡ
ţ
ʲôСӵоȻһ
ԶԶӶݵĹԸŽ֮ɵøеͷƤӿӶݵĽŲ
ǡ
ʩչ֮ͽǹĹҸһ¡ͬʱӿһƬѪ󣬷ӿ˱ǹڲ
ಣಣಣಣ
ָһɣ֧ɫ˾ǣ֧һ뿪ңͻû׻ȸĴ

໣

ণ
ͷЯ˸εĿֲƣسŹɱȥ
ʲô
һ˭ȻŽ񹭣
СĽŲһ٣ŴףҲǰһ
ȻֻԪ磬СĵĸоȴвһΣ

ɱͷ񣬹ҺһֱӱĲƬ
¡¡
Եı׹ɽ֮УһŤ
ɹˣ
׽Ųһתһ·ӣ˹Ե֮һͽ벽ˮ½˻С
ͬʱʶɢ̽Եıڲ𱦱
¡¡¡¡
ܿ죬һͽԱжѻ鵤ҩʯȵһӦȫԼıУΪС
ΪŹŵʥȻֻ쾳磬ĲƱȴǷǳ񰡣
ѵ촽ǳü
һ֮νǴգ


1597 ̸
޼ɵѹιµıʱСһֱվڲԶλãһֹŹֶӵס
С㣡
С㣬ô
ܿ죬СһʮʿϵһӵСĵ꺮ů
С΢΢ҡͷû£ֻǵѼӷˡ
˵ţһޱԹ񣬶ԶڷƵס
ৡ
ʱʮʿĿ⣬ȫ۽׵ϡ
ԱСӸɱˣߣһգȻֱ֮һСˣ
ӲֻԪ磬ȻܹնɱԣҲһˡֻҪԸ⣬ܹɱ
С㣬ֻҪһ£̳֣ˮ½
ʮʿһ۷׷ףеĸĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ӲСӵһ񹭣֮ǰһͽԸɱˣǧܵġ
Сһƣ׷Ӷȥ
˫ֱأЦеŷӶСһˡ
ʵǺηʥΪΰ·ǵıСĲ̲ʵ
Ǻ˾Ͳˡ
촽ЦеСģҶǵݣǷǳĺ档ҪǸ˵˵
׵Ŀ޼ɵСĵתһƷȫСĽɱ˵Ŀϡ
ٷϻСӣϽˮ½Ļǲ
ûһʹɱ֣Ҫˮ½ҪҲΪУʱ㽫׷Ī
С㣬С˷ϻˣֻҪһ£̽ɱ
ʮʿһŭ壬׼֡
ôʱ㡣
Цһȫûн˵Ļϣֻ΢ƣǣ˵ǸСˣ·ٲƣҲͬ⡣
׶һ٣һƵؿСģʵղҲֽɱԣѵǾܹɹ׷ɱ𣿺Ǻǣˡ
Сһݽҧ
ȷ
ײֽɱԣСҪ׷Ϲԣնɱˮ½ĿҲǳСǲܵ顣
˵׸ûдСĵʲô
Ȼˣܹõˮ½ԼĲƱȷҪСͣһ㣬ײϡ
һ컬֮Ҫƴشԣܹ֮
Сʮ⣬Һ޲ýǧУ
û뵽ǵһƿɱɱ·ٲƵǿն񣡡
ʮʿƿڴ
С㣬Ͻְգһٵ꣬ߴһˣ¾ŹŵԮʱ߶߲ˡ
Сü΢Ƭ̣ٿ̧ͷʵѣҲǱǵ׷İգ֮ǰս㶼ˣ
΢΢һЦҶ۵ףò˵һžš
С΢΢³һ˼ضףȻɱս㶼ˣôҺܺ档
Ϊʲôǹƥĵԡ
Сĵ
䣬ڳʮʿȫΪ֮һ
ȷ
׼ȻѾڰйսãôСһ˵սӦָƲŶԡ
ǣ׾ȻʾСһԣ˵ʲô
˵׸ûнСһ
ҪȻСĵ˿׵ʱ׾Ϳѡܣ
ǺǣΪʲô
Цһһӣһ˺ѣһһĿռѷƾ˺˿
ͻһĻڳʮʿУȫȻһһÿŹһס
ţղŷʲôһȻھͶ֮䣬˺˿ռ䣬̫˼ˣ
Ǻĵش̨ռ伫ȶǲ𾳽ĸ֣Ҳ޷˺ѿռ䣬һΪʲôԣ
ѵа۵Ĵˣõ˹а۵ķ򴫳У
˵ɴţۣضס
㣬㡭ĪǾʮʮǰ컯ɾŽ壿
Сĵ˫бһž⣬һضס
΢΢һЦ˶䣬û뵽컯ɾоȻһЩЦˡ

ԭǴ˵Ž壡һ
˵Žõ˹а۵ķ򴫳Уԭģѹʶڲ̺һödַ׭ûһ֮ӵҽȡ֮
Žߴʵжд̣û뵽ǾȻˣ
ѹִӵǹƥ͸ӭսǣԭǴ˵еŽ壬һ֮䣬Ϳ˺ѿռ䣬˵ˣǲ𾳽ĸ֣ҲԽأ
ʮʿɵõһһɫ԰ֽ


1598 Ĺ
գһ˲ʮѹ֡
Сһ֪׵ʵ֮ԭΪռϷǣʱ쳣û̿֡
ƣ̼˾ת
Ȼǹƥǣƾƿصķ壬Ͷܹ֮˺ѿռ䣬ѷ֮УʲôǿУܹڲ֮ء
˵Сĵˣǲ𾳽ʿҲܹ治ɫĲ
ңҪСĵ벻׵Ķ֡
Ĳ˵ֻҪ֮һǧɵĿռѷ죬ܹСĵ˹롣
СĵȻŴ׷ȴ׺в
ԭСɾŽ壡
ǰŲһҾһ˹Ŀ࿴
С΢һǰظһ񣬡СģǹĹɵĴˡЩҵˡ
˵ţСĳԵʹһɫ
Ž壡

Ĺɵʮʿæ֮ǰҫҪɱ˶ᱦİ̬ʱȻ޴棬ȡ֮ޱȵǫ뾴η
Ĺɣ
üͷһ⻹һ˵Ĺɡ
ʲô
ЩСһȻǹĹɵĴˣ
Ȼʱٻ쳹׵Ժ̺֮εľȡ
ǰʶĹɣʮֺ档
ĹɷǳأҲ˵ˡ
ٻĽ˵ĹɽһͷĹɵĽһǵһɽ񣬲ұˡаۡУӶ°ӵ컯ɾ֮С컯ɾеĹĹˣɽĹɵĴˣĹɵĽɽĹɵһš
һû뵽ĹɣȻǴɽ紫Ĺɵˣ඼ǵһɽ
˵ĹɵĽһţȻΪֻ龳磬ǣȴڲںһɱʵһЩ𾳽ĸֶҪη
ٻ
䣬ײɵõһ
û뵽ĹɵĽ˵Ȼܹɱڡ֮£ںСǧСģֵһᡣ
ɱ󣬿һǳֲĽ󣬾龳ʿóȻУǹĹɵĽȻɱ֮Уֱ̫ˣ
׵ɴţۣĳȡ
СֻԪ죬ΪںһСǧ󣬾ʥ֡
ĹɵĽڲںһɱʵжǿһ˸еͷƤ
ţ
Һīǰ˵ˡȻһƺʲô
˵ˣ
ٻΪ棬ĹѰͬǳ͵ͽֻһ˼Ǳ뽣컯ɾиǲйˡ⣬ΪϸִһԵʣ˴δǧصǾ񣬶δ˵һէˣȻ˵
׿϶ص˵ͷ֮ǰ컯ɾⷢһḶ́˵ϹĹĹϧҵѰȽײ޷ƽḶ́ӶϹĹѰ
ʱīǰ˵һ˵ںɱһž󷨴ʦѰ裬ǳ뻯¯ࡣ
ܹ붯кܴİƽḶ́ϹĹڲ

û뵽īǸһȻҲ˵ĹɡĹɼΪأײβ꣬ߴ𣬶ʢĹɵĽ̴ƣһһ񣬿ϧնؾܾˡ
īƾʲôܹöĹɵĽɽ
ٻԵʮɡ
īǰ˵һˣĹɵĽ֮ԣа˵Ҳ̫
ʵ
ԭô¡
һīһˣٻͲ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪īһˣǿžţΪпܵϳ̨а²е
ϧղұʥȪƺ
컯ɾȻŹִ¼
˷绪˵ܹΪĹؽ֮
ԭСڴ˵еĹĹɣѹԣȴʵǷֲƴ֡
׻ȻٿСĵУʱ˼֡
ȻСǹĹɵĴˣīǰ׼ĹɵĽɽһƽĹ̡գһ˳ˮ飬Ҳ˵
׳Ƭ̣жʱһ⡣


1599 Ϊ
׳ö˵СĶʱһЦǹĹʮֵ͵ͽӲû˵Ҳʵ
ҡͷһЦɣ˵ĹɣңڹĹʮֵþ
Сڳʮʿȫ΢΢һһ
ףһէˣȻ˵Ĺɣ
ңǳþ
Ĺɵ˸ĴΪںѿס
Ǻǣʦ˵׽һ䡣
ʦǣ
Сһϲʵ
Сڵ֪׵ʵ֮󣬻׻ʹɱ֣ǸϾɱ
û뵽˵СĵڹĹ̬֮Ⱦһһٰʮȼת䡣
ī롣ʵ
ī룬Ȼϲ׵ʦ𣬵ȴЯ֮˵׵ʦҲΪ
ʲôʦǴв⡮ʥȪȡī룿
С鲻Խʧ
һڣپʧһǸ˼ֱڿ죬ð֮¡
޷
΢΢һЦֵû˵ʦȷǱʥȪˡһ죬ʦɱʥȪȣ˸ѪĴۣ
һ٣׻һת׷ʵˣʦ˵ĹɵĽ֮壬֪Ǽ٣
Сص˵ͷȷôһ¡Ȼȥ˺ܾãǸʱһûгڵ˵ʮֿ֮СѴĹɵĴӪҪ֪ǹĹɵĴӪһգѰǹĹɣû˳ɹܹСѴǹĹɣ̹
õСĵĿ϶֮ײɵһϲ
Ǵˮһ˲һˡ
ЦȻһˮ½˳ݸСģ˼Ǹᣬʧˣˮ½͵ҵˡ
ţ
⾿ʲôŽȻˮ½ˣ
ŽǸѪжһȻ鴫Ϊһ壬ȻԸ⽫һİ벽ˮ½ˣ
治֪Ž⣬ԴŰˡ
Ĺɵʮˣһȵضף۷׷ס
㣬㡭
СȻһ׵ݹˮ½һʱ޴ĸоȻûϵ׻һٶ
Ҫ֪ףڳȫռϷ磬ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽСһ˸Ͼɱ
׷ǵûгɱˣˮ½ã־ٶСЩˡ
Сڵ֪׵ʵ֮󣬾ͲϷŵԼ̬ܹһ·ˮ½Ѳϣˡ
ûϵ׾Ȼܹԭ֮ǰˮ½͸Сģ
Сһţ֮ôȫСһˣ˹Ĺɡ
ֻΪĹɽöѡ
壬Ҫˮ½͸ң
Сĵһ˫ˮӣ鲻Խضеˮ½Ȼޱȵÿȴǿûֽӹܳسѯʡ
Űգʵ˵ܹ˳ˮ½Ƕǡ׵ȻһЦ
ǣǡ
СŤһ£ȫûбҪôģܹдǰȫ뿪ǾѾмˣĶ˺񣿡
ò˵Ƿǳü֮ǰСĻҪҪ׼жȡˮ½ˮ½ȴֿ
Ϊһˮ½˺֮壬ֵá
΢΢һЦС㲻ǾΪѣӴͬ󹲻ѣΣ׿Сĵ۾΢΢
С΢졣
Ĺɵˣȴǰˡ
˵ŽǲǿǴСˣҪȻΪҪˮ½ã
Ž϶Ļ죬С۾ڷһǸӻӵ
ߣǹĹһͨ飬ŽǴˡò˵ŽΪ椣Ѫ
ҪǴС㣬ֱˣ˭ŽװҪײҪ
۷׷ס
ܹŽΪѣȻС顣С΢΢һЦʵ㣬֮еҪΪ˵¼Ű಻סȵģҪСɾдһĺ
ܹΪѣͬ󹲻ѣѺþҵĸ
СЦԽԽ


1600 λ
ãʹ죡
һЦˮ½СĵС
Сľȵ̧ͷף˵ˮ½ʵ̫ˣʵӦԼõġ
΢΢һЦ˵Ѿнˡ
ĽǱǹԶսˮ½ǽսľѷСĵ
ҡͷһЦҲٷϻһ׵˫֮ϣʹһħƽצ
벽ħƽצһ֣ͽһǵѹϯҡػΣ𵴡
ĹɵһʿȫһĿ⾼ضϵħƽצöδ˵
ţŽδҲ̫ƴˡΪĹɵĴˣԭѾ÷ǳˣǱŽҪһأ
Ž岻ֻԪ쾳磬û뵽һ˵УȻǾף
龳ʿܹӵһϧȴòŽ岻ǸȻһ˶ռ˱ˡ
Ĺɵʿȫ׸ˡ
ǺǣħƽצҴӰħսƷҵ֮£õĽл𣡡
΢΢һЦ
ħƽצڰٻĴ֮£ں˴ϽѪʯɱǣδпܽ
Ʒʣɱˮ½ܹᲢ۵ġ
һ
Сãűһ仰
Ǻǣ⻹ҵȫҵһЦ
Сڳʿʱ˱
ǹħƽצϣȻ׵ȫҵ
˱ˡ
Сĵ˳Ծı飬΢΢һЦҲ͡½׹뱾ָٻ֮Ⱥ˻ֱѪ
λ׷
Сˮ½ܿ͵Ѫڣתͷʮһ
£ʮʿ׷Сĵǰһ׷Сġ
ܿ죬һǧ׷ռϣСĸװһǬУݸף壬ҵһϣ㲻Ҫ١
׷
΢΢һ㶡û뵽С˿󷽣һ־Ƿһǧ׷͸Ϊ
Ҫ֪׷ǳÿһ׷ԶԪʥɷǳвһǧ׷һʾ޴ĲƸ
Ϊӵ֮׷
ײûйԥͽǬ뱦Уʵ
ǺǣڵһЩġ
Сĵ
䣬ײɵõһ
û뵽Щ׷ǹĹɵĳģѹµӸһ
ǣ֪׷ǳѣҪĲҲǳǹĹɾȻܹ֮׷զࡣ
Եظп
Ǻǣ漰ǹĹɵһˡʲôʱлᵽǹĹһ⣬ͻ֪Ϊʲôˡ
СһЦ
ŶлȥĹ𣿡ǰһ
Ҫһ㱨ܹ֮ᡣ
СһԥȻһӣһīɫƵݸףǶλƣһصʾ֮ǽԸӼ㣬Ҿ鶨λƣʱĶλоͻһ㣬ֻҪҵ㣬ܹҵˡ
á
׽ӹλƣСУҾ͵ĺϢˡ
СЦŵ˵ͷ
˵ز˾ʱ뿪ˡ
һҪͬУ
̫ˡ
СǰһҲ뿪ĵشܹͬУͲ֮ˡ
ĹɵһʿҲлϲ
á
һӣʱ䣬ǧɵƾ˵ǰ
𣡺𣡺𣡺
𣡺𣡺𣡺
Ѫɫһ֣̳죬Ƶǡ
ʲôѪɫ
ţŽȻٻ˰Ѫɫ̫˼ˣ
ѵѪɫŽ廿ս裿Ҫ֪ѪɫǷǳĸ߽壬û뵽ŽȻӵŰѪɫΪս裬̫ˡ
ҿ֮ǰûһʱ嶯Ž嶯֣ĻѪɫԽǸһˡ
Ĺɵһʿ״ͻȻǰİѪɫһ߶еķݲ󳷣һѪɫУΪʳ
ϳա
һԾ˻ƽ
ʱ˷ŻȻ֣ڰѪɫı󣬾ȻһĻƽʱڳʿȫ̾


1601 
ҵﰡŽδҲ̫ˣ˰ѪɫҲͰˡȻѪɫǱﰡ
ҪһѪɫΪս裬ÿóԺúȹô
̫ûгˣΪĹɵˣһֱ죬Ҹоá뵽죡
Ĺɵһʿһɴţۣ׵ʮָӡ
ಣ
СĵһԾϻƽЦе׵ԣʵ壬û뵽Ȼ˰Ѫɫ֪ѪɫѪͳΪ߹Ǹ߽׵壬ǳϡ١
úĻצҪ
Сһ۵Ű񿥵Ѫɫ
Ǻǣ㲻ʲô
׵ȻһЦûнѪɫԼİ˵
ô˵Ϊ߸ϵƽʱҪһߵ̬һζش̼ǡһ׸̼þɰޣǵòʧˣ
ԣһЩΪá
ǸϽϳ
һƽͺŶʱһȦϼʮʿȫڻ¡
ǾͲϳˣѪɫ
ǾǣǾ͸ڻƽˡ
ĹɵʮʿƾȰ˵ԸϻƽһǱѪɫ̸סˣҲǲԸСĵĶ硣
ڹĹɵһʿ׷һı
ȻûϻƽǣĹɵʮʿǴӻͳһ̺ڻƽĺ档

״һӣѪɫһŭХʱƽӶֱΧϯȥ
һ·֮ϣС̸˵أ֮ܿľ롣
ԼĪ֮Сһˣ˳شӺĵشгΧ
塣
СתͷײһЦллʱ飬㽲ôྪĶǵ¼ֵʱ⡣
СؿףѾΧʱֱˡҪңʵǹĹŽɣΥĻһʢȥ͡
΢΢һЦ޷Ķλƣǻлټġ
Сص˵ͷ
ͣ£
״һӣƽ¡¡
С㡣
С㡣
̺ϵʮʿһСĴӻƽʱ׷״ӵǰ
壬ڡ
СĻӶС֡
ٻᡣ΢΢һЦ
ڣ
ڣ
ܿ죬СľʮʿĴӵ֮£һƬïܵĴ֮Уգʧ١
ԶȥٻӰЩ˵Сʧ䡣
˶ˣ㻹ʲô
Ȼٻ׵Ժ𣬽״ӳ˼оѡ
ǰǼ·
εͷϻƽʼ·
ߣŽ塣û뵽ҿˣԭΪǸˣ˭ӻӣҲͰˡǱϾСز֮ǰҲͲ˵ʲôˡǣŸջص컯ɾ㲻ŸϿСزһ棬ȴֹһŮŭա
ٻ̹ǵԺ
ϢһϣʱЦõһ͵ǰˡҸûжͷֻС£ϵպĹɵĽɽƽϹĹĹḶܷ́ͻԪƿ磬ΪһʥҪӰ졣
ԣҲŲֺСģɲҪԩˡ
дʵ
ޣԵαԵķ࣬һǵСžţ
˭룬ٻ׵Ľȫмһˣһ仰Щ׸ҭ
Ǹǰôûлص˿ѵȲ˰գΧ򣬿ռࡣٶȣȫϸ˿
״˸ȫ߶Ѫɫ
𣡺𣡺𣡺
𣡺𣡺𣡺
ѪɫХΪһѪɫâڸ߿һ
໡
˭ıӵҵĵţ
ȻֻһŭһʨͷʿһȺ£һӿڵس׵ĻƽӶ
ûȿƽڿѪɫһɲǣŵöףĶӡ
˵鷳ˣ׸鷳Ͳˡ
ǺǣһȺû߹
յƷƣһˮѣУʱһƢۣӿ⣬˷ĵ㡣
аѪɫ·һЩ۵ޡʿԹƵУûʲô˸Ҳʡ˲¡
֪Сزôˣ
īǰִһɽ
Զ㱡


1602 
˺ĵش׼ԦŻƽڰٻָ֮£һ·շתɽˮķһʱ䣬һΪƫƧĻ֮ء
ǰжòִܹ˿
ʶ̽еİٻ롣
ѾҪˡ
ٻа಻ס˷ܣ壬ϽƽΪС
ΪʲôҪƽ
üͷһЩ졣
ƽȻã̫ҡˣİѪɫѪͳǳ߹Ѫɫһ·֮ϣҲ֪˶˵ע⡣ʿڿѪɫ֮󣬶ɧ
ҿɲΪĻƽ˿鷳
ٻ
ԣײɵʧЦ
ԭ׵Ļƽ̫ҡ˵졣һ˰β棬˿λãô˿պͲðˡ
ãԡ
΢΢һЦһӣֱӽƽ׶Ѫɫ˱ڲ
񻰡
ٻ΢΢һ͵壬еͬ˿ǴͳϻΪҵ˿ʮأҲӲǱ
ԣ򲻵ѣǲὫ˿ľλñ¶ġ
׵˵ͷ
˵˿Ĺɵм񣬶ǳӵײ¶档
Ȼˣס˿ڲһ壬֮ԳӲҲΪĹһЩͬ
ĹɵˣҪǱ޹뽣ҪרעԣˣҲײβ
˿ڲһͲͬˡ
ΪٻԵʣһߴΧЩһϾɱ
Ȼһ˵ӹһ٣ǣһһפ˿¶˳Ȼߴķ¾
ԣһڱ֮£ֻóӡ
ಣಣ
Ϣ̤ӡ˺һһڴзɱŲͣ
ণ
ſ׼ϵİҹħӿһڵİ׵ȫ֣ʱ׵ιŹֵŤէһˮһʿ
Լʮ֮һƬޱ߼ʵأصڲܲ洦ɼֶ桢֮ɫʰ쵣˿һۣͲɵëȻ
ʱٻͣ˽Ų
ǿҪˡ
ٻ΢΢һЦ
ôһƬ󡣡һһզп
һƬһϢ޼
ɢʶѰҶڲɳĮĳѡٻһ
ʲô
ѰɳĮĳѣһʱЩɶͷԡ
Ҫ˿ΪѰɳĮĳˣ
ƺǲ󣬰ٻ뵭һЦѰɳĮĳѣΪȷ˿ڡ
ǣһ峤Ȼ˿λöһ
ƬзԲ˿ڣǳأһᾭתơһˣ˿ڲȥ֮ҲҪѰɳĮĳѲȷ˿ڡĻͬ޷˿
ҵΪ˽õһؿĿľ±͵Ϯһһ򾡡
ٻ
ԭˡ
׵˵ͷ԰ٻĽе塣
һ壬ںߴΧ׷½֮£ܹ˳ش񣬲ûеġ
£׾ɢʶһ·ͿշУãޱ߼ʵĶѰɳĮĳѡ
֮
ҵˡ
ٿǰһԷԶһ֮ϣһӣһεϯֱӽڲһ׶ƿڲļŰƴСĳѸС
ǰӦþ˵ĳ˰գʶٻ롣
ಣ
ʱֱӴ׵ıϯһ˳׵ǰȻǰٻ롣
ҿ
ٻһӣһεʱϯЮųѣʼϸ̽
׸е֣һųʲôֵ÷̽ġ
ˣѾȷ˿ڡٻ΢΢һЦ
ʲô
΢΢ǰϾʲôϢΪʲôҵɳĮĳѣܹȷ˿λã
Ǻǣ··ֻһſöЩѣǾӹġÿһ˿Ļڣڶ´һЩѣһ˴ֻҪҵɳĮĳѣ·ܹȷ˿ڡ
ٻ΢΢һЦ͵


1603 
ûȻԭһͨϳϵ·ȷ˿ڵġ
·һר֣ѰʿܶҵɳĮĳѣҲ޷ҵ˿ڡ
ǰȻѾȷ˿ڣǾ͸Ͻ·ա
ЩȲ
á
ٻ΢΢һЦߣǳʮɽ
ʮɽ
תͷɽȺɽ࣬εΪ׳ۡ
ǰѵ˿ⶾ𣿡ɫŹ֡
Ǻǣ˭˿ⶾеģ
ٻһЦ
ײɵһզ̾
ò˵Ҫҵһڣʵ̫ˡһˣҵ˿ڡ
ҡͷЦ
ಣ
ٻӰٿһΣû˱֮У׵ıڲ
ᲽֱӳʮɽӶȥ
ԲױʮɽҲҪһʱѾķһĹҲںһʱ̡
һʱ
ףˡ
Ȼ΢΢˫ԿϷĶֻһȺ˺ƺƵطɵ˶Ͽգͷλʿʥ۷徳ĸ֣ǧӰ
׸еǣȺ֮УȻи˫ֱŵŮ׳ѺϿա
ŮϴŵķװȻһʽװؿڻԿһе·
ǰ쿴
׵һʱΣϢһƬĹľСſ׼ϵİҹħһŨŨĺСⶾα鲼У洦ɼΪ׵ڻ
һˡ
ٻʶ̽һ۾ȷŮݣǰȡ
ȣ
üͷһǰŮƺ˸ٳˣҪҳ𣿡
á
ٻ䣬ĵȿʲô˵ⰲһĳϣӦòѱġ
׵˵ͷ
һĳϰȱٳ֣һȺ˶֮Уֳɡ
пܣѾѱˡ
󣬾ѰɳĮĳѣӶȷ˿ڣһϾɱ
ԶһȺҽ̸׵񣬲
ȣ㲻ҪˣϽǽ˿
һĺ׳ͷشߴٵ
Ҧգ㲻ҪҵɳĮĳ˵˫ֵİȰ
ɳĮĳѣ
ҦյĺӵʱȻŭޣȣǲɳĮͨ籨ţӶһǰߣ
ģǽҼӣҲҰͨ籨ţ
ģֻСè䣬ôֻҪȷ˿ľλðˡ
ž
䣬һݿ꣬һĶ˦ðƤ
ΪһĳϣȻ֪˿λڣѵǽǵɲµĻƿɶ𣿡
һ
ңҡ
Ž͵Ȼһĳϣǣһ뿪˿Ҳ޷ȷ˿ڣΪ˿Ǿ任ġеʱͱ任һΡѾûлص˿ˣڵľλҲ֪
ֻҵɳĮĳѣϵ·ܹȷ˿ڡ
ž
꼫Ϊͷһ˦Ӳ
ԵĺҦһס꣬Ȱ˵˵пġһԴӱߴΧ֮󣬾һֱٹܣûܹҵһĴӪ룬һصһǳ
һһȣϣ㲻ҪˣҪȻһַܹĥ
ȵĽ͵һ£սսصͷ
ˣȫɳĮĳѣһз֣ϱ
һӣǧӰʱɢڶѰɳĮĳѡ
Դʮǰٻٶ֮ߴһֱȫͨһ塣һܹҵ˿һһ򾡣϶ɻڴõߴʵ͡
Ц롣
˵û
ӵ˵ͷ˵һ峤СزǰЩڳ̨ھŲ̨һʶӵ֮ӡһܹܣƱؽĺһٳ
ٺ٣ҪƽֵδСزĶ֡ǰã˵Сزʨֵܸشˣ֮Уһɳ֮
΢΢һЦٿɫСزôҲ뵽ǻ²ǵĳϣֱգ
ǰ꣬һ壬ֵΧڵĿǱգ˵ʱˡ
׳ҦЦһ


1604 
ðľ
Ȼڴһ⣬׼ҵ˿ڣһһ򾡣
ҿײһĻĻһ鷳ˡ
ޣһȣҵô۰㣬ССزŮСزֽ֮ЯΪϡû뵽Ȼѱ䣬̫Һˣ
ٻֱ£䣬̺ŨŨɱ⡣
ȣҲǱΡҡͷڰȵһ˿ͬġ
ǰȲӣֻ³ʿ˵Ƿǳֲ顣
ΪһˣҲԲѱ䣬ΣҶԭ°ȡ
ٻһ
ҡͷһЦ
ȷ
һ˵κһ˵ѱ䣬пܵԣǷҳϣش
ǰͳ֣ȺС󡣡һ΢΢һЦ
á
ٻ΢΢ͷСĵ㡣
ҹħ
׵ͺһſ׼ϵİҹħʱֽһӿһںףܿ죬׵ͱһ̲࣬˶֮С
ಣಣ
׵û˺࣬ɿسԶλʥַӶȥ
ټĶϿգʿѰɳĮĳѣһʶϯ£׵תǣûһʿ쳣
ǰҹħ
һػսūڹؼʱֳ̣˼ֵ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬С˺Ҧ߸
ҦգڼǰͲ쾳磬Ҫ˶ãܹ龳ıˡ
һΣҪǳɹСز˵ܹߴʵΪһĳϣӴòٻ󡣡
㣬Ҫͻ磬Ϊ龳֣Ҳϣˡ
߸걳˫֣һЦ
ҦȻֵͬܣȴʤֵܣǳɹΪ龳֣һġ
ҦյЦ
ϧǻˡ
Ȼһӱ
˭
ãеϮ
ͻȻİҦҦȻһæת
ͣ
ȻûҦҦתһʮɵĿռѷ죬ƾճ˵ࡣ
¡¡¡¡
ʱ޾ӿռѷϯֱӽ⧲ҦС
ҪҦҺһһ죬飬һغ
㣬˭ΪʲôΪʲôܹ˺գ
ҦŵɫҰףæݲ󳷣һֵؿͻȻֵס
һػ񡣡
׹һЦವһҦշ˶ȥ
ӣӣ
ҦշһĲҺ𣬷Ӵܿ
ͬʱɢڶϿյһʿɥ֮Ȯһ˷Ӵܿ
һɫֻ֣޵ȡ
ܣûôף
һƣ̤ӡڵѪȼ
ಣಣ
׾׷˺ҦգһֽܱźưצһҦո廨

һ̣һӣ֮һʮɵĿռѷʱ˺ѿֱӽҦո˿ռѷڲ
ڿռѷ˲պϵͬʱ׽һʶ֮С
飡
ǿУҦͱֲĻ֮ɱͬű綼Ӧ飬Ϊޡ
ףȴȫط֮У
ϧֻüҦյ
״߶֮˺գ»ص˶Ͽա
ӣһܹ˺գֱһĴڡ
ѹһܹԭһΪɽ
ͭɽλҪֱˡ
ϿգǧӴܵʿڼʶ׵ľ֮ͨȫŵøεѣһȼѪɶݣҾ
Ħһе΢΢һЦǸȻʥƷʡ
׷ǳؽǬ
壬߰ȡ
ȻٻȻ
ܣܿ죬ͷһϢ٣ӴܵٻӰ
ಣ
һӣ˰ȵǰһİȻЦ⡣
㡭Ž壿
һ׳ǰʱһ󾪾壬ܿͻָƽ¶һЦ
̫ˣǰʱϵĻҾҪͭɽҦҦɱˡء
ȿף޵滨꣬ᡣ
ĮضŰȣɫž޲ǿһʬ
ಣ
ȻһöƴСı֣УٻӰ측ڰȵǰ
ȵɫʱٿȻ䣬þ״ưռ


1605 
壬峤
־ֵضŰٻ룬߶µһ仰˵
ȣ̫ʧˡҴС۰мӣܹΪСزұۣû뵽Ȼұţ̫Һˣ
ҿײĻһ½
ٻݺݵضŰȡ
峤ǱΣҪҲ˿λãǻὫĥ
Ƚһҿٻ۾пɬˮ
ޣһ˴̰֮
ٻһڡ
峤ҹ֮ţٱ
شͷȻһѪһͷԵڵء
ţȺԾˡ
ʶһɨԸоȡ
ޣʶ࣬ҵ֡ٻƫͷȥɫĮ
ǰʬôã
ʵ
ˡ
ٻһΣ˱֮УѾѳ˿Щһ֣֮˵
ζʬģὫİ˿С
ٻ̬ȷǳ
̾Ϣһûж˵ʲôת뿪
ȵʬڶ֮УҪ˶ãͻᱻֶ桢߸һա
Ȼ׷ǳȴٻ롣
˵ˣǸͽȻǱΣô˵Ǿȡ̬׸ܲ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬׽̤ӡԳʮɽķӶȥ
ڰٻָ֮£ԼĪһʱһǳ۵ɽǰ
ڵˡ
΢΢³һ
Ϊ˽˿ǷѾۣǵִĿĵˡ
ɢʶɽУȻܿ׾üͷһһŹ֡
ûзڰͷ
ô׾ҵڣһҲûбҪѾĻڶаɳĮĳˡ
ٻ΢΢һЦת֮ܿһ·ɽµһʯ
һ֮һʯɢͬʱһȹƾճ׵ǰ
ߣȥٻ΢΢һЦСزѾǻˡ
׵˵ͷǵز֮С
¡¡
һת֮󣬹׵ǰһ㱣Ƭ̺һƬСС
ȥߵһǳذεض𣬳ǳڲ¥Ųٵڳǳڲ
ڳ⣬ֲŴƬƬȣԶһĺ΢ḧԡ
һƬԴ
զпһϲ
ǺǣΪһӦڶֵطô
ٻ뱥΢΢һЦ׳ΡĳǳطӶȥ
εӡ
һ˿֣ܵΪ˿Ǹ䳱ʪĶ߲Ŷԡû뵽ȻһԴĸ⡣
ţ
ʱǳڲһٻӰһ˵ȣţӭǰͷŮĸ龫֣Ȼ˿Сز
Сز
ٻЦеؽСز뻳Уһѣ֡
ţˣôڲŻСز
ǺǣⲻѾ𣿡
ٻ밮ĦСزķ˿
ʮδСزһഺ˫֮ȴǶһ˿ȡȻʱͳһ壬óࡣ
壬ûˡСزЦеףЩЩС˷ܡ
ˡ
һЦǲ˸͵ҶյˣлĹ
ߣ˵
СزŰٻ룬ǵسųǳڲȥ
ݼ峤
ݼǰ
ڳǳص·Եˣ׷Ҿʺá
Цŵͷǻ
ǳرƸػУϵʯתϣ·һзġ
׸ڰٻСز󣬺ܿһڲ
ˣʢ磬Ҫӷϴ
СزԸȥ
ܿ죬ɽ亣ζʳȣ׷ױӡ
СزԸٻƣٱơ
ٻȻֻʣһ壬ֱƣһᣬͽеһգϸֳһΡ
СزҲڵЩǹôһЦеСز
Уܵ˵
Сز΢΢һЦһԵŮ̸ˮ
˵ˣôһ£
΢΢ͷȻʵ
ţ
ô֪ˣ
Сزü΢һ˼ؿס
ٻײɵһЦ


1606 
ײûгֻͣǾؿСزȴСزĽ͡
˵
Сزʹͷ΢΢̾Ϣ˵ʱһȫīǰؽ򣬷չΪеʮӳ棬ټһνһƽܿʹһƬĽɽԲ֥СɽĽӵӣٲҲΪϽӴÿʮҪϷĹ
ɫϲ
û뵽īǰڶ̶̵ʮʱڣʹ˽ĽɽһСνսպա
ϲɺصǣûãǾϽĵз˼ڵص׿ռеĿƷʼߣǧĿϽѪʯĿϧΪܹĲã©Ϣ˸ᡣ
Сز̾Ȼƴȫס˴󲿷ֵĿʯҲʧٵĲƸ⣬ڸΧ£˲ء
ҵˣڰīǰԿʨֵܵʱ򣬱˵ġ
Сز̾Ϣһ
ʨֵܣüͷһЩ档
ٻҲǾ
ʨֵܣֵλʨ޳ɾһֵͬܡң龳ĸ֣Ȼֻ龳죬ֶ֣һ벽ķħͭʮīǰֵܵĶ֡
Сز͵
һôģ
Сز³һҿīǰɹƳһ׻屦ףǿʨֵܴƽ֡ټʮ׻ȳһȫƴɱֵλʨֵܲŲ֮˱
īǰҶˡСز̾ҵ˻أīǰͲˣȼ˲Ԫ˵
һȻ˫ȭ߬˸Ż⡣
壬ȱż
СزæȰοīǰںܺãȫչأŲٵȪػָٶȻܿ졣ңֵʨֵܣڶս֮УҲ˲ˡҲҪһʱ䡣
ص̾ϢһȻ
ҪڵĻīǰ϶ƴܴˡʮ
ڣƾам̳еһַ֮Խʨֵܸˡ
СزĬ
壬㲻æĲɿûʱҲʵ㡣
ʱٻˡ
ٻһֱ׵ıУ뿪컯ɾ֮飬ٻνָƣȻΪɢ̰棬ŲīСزİΣ
׶Ʊһƾơ
СزģڻˣӽһǹϺӣǵͳͳʧ
׽Ʊһϣʾ˼ᶨġ
ţ㡣
СزһЦЦеףȻһתȤ壬Żصʮ꣬ͽԪ쾳ˣӣƺҪ˶ãͿԲʥˣ
û뵽ٶȣܹ
Сز
׵һЦ˰֣ˡһã׺Ȼһӣһ˳ݸСزСزҸոսɻսƷһʥĻ㣬Ϊ

Сز˫һеĻɵлϲΪһŮˣһϲΣ
ңеʥĻǳ
Сزڶݵľϲ󣬲ûֽӹ
°գϽۻ壬ʥò⻤
СزƴǣȰ˵
ʮδľͷǿˣŮ˻ˡ
СزЦشнӹ׵жһ˿
һԵİٻһһس׷һۡ
ŵ亹ֱ
ʲôʱľͷˣͺܻŮ˻ĺòã
Ҫǰٻ뽫ӵã׷ߵСزСزͻӷ
ҿٻǸϽȨأûн׵ĵϸͱ
ʮָмϵֺõЦݿٻ롣
ٻȴǰһһֱΪһץסװѱԸֵļơ
ıĸоһʱЩЦá
ף⻤ҺĶһʱȴ벻ˡ
Сزһ֮󣬺Ȼһü΢̧ͷʵ壬ǴĶõ⻤
ԣˬһЦҲ˵ôҸոսɻսƷҲɣ·ϣһȺ۵ļһ˳ָˡ
ʲô·ϽɻսƷ
СزԾȲѡ


1607 
Сز·뵽ʲôȻվһسʵ壬㡭Ī·ͭɽҦҦֵܸɱˣ
ܵСزеϲ֮ɫʧЦҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
ûȥͭɽ
ҵȷǽҦҦɱˡǴϽɻսƷ

ʲôѾҦҦɱˣ
桭̫ˣ
õ׵ĳ֮СزϲСϰٻʢ
Ǻǣ֪ܲ
Сز֮΢΢ƽ飬ԳͭɽҦҦҵжд̣˫뽫ԷءϧҦҦңʱڶ޷Էݳ
ʱˣһֱڱչǱޡͭɽҦҦȴǷ˿ľλãҪûһ塣һֱûθڣ˯Ҳ˯ȣΪ˰ȫɳ˲̽ӳ̽
˭룬ɳĳϡȡһˣûлֲԤС
˵Сزü΢̾һ
תͷһԵİٻ룬Щӡ
ȴССزŮСزͬ㣬һĺĳϣΪСزұۡ
ʧȥϢСزڹ˽İ
ײԸ⽫ȵ鵱СزСزܲˡ
Сز
ٻһƺǴ⣬ɤӣȡѾѱˡ
ѱˣ
Сزһһ˼ؿٻ룬ţ㡭㲻ڿЦգͬ㣬һĺĳϣôѱأ
ⲻܣԲġ
Сز΢ҡĽëСһգš
Сز֪ܣûƭ㡣
ٻ밧̾һʵһʼҲŰȻѱ䣬һж
ҺͽڶѰɳĮĳѣҵ֮Ҫ뿪ͻȻͭɽҦҦˣѺŰȽ˶󡣡
ٻĵҦҦ֮£̰һ壬Щ˿֮֡
ҿǼʱ֣Ҫһ룡
ٻ
Сز͵һ£ȣΪʲôҪѱ䣿ҺҪȥ̽ͭɽͲᱻסˣѱˡ
СزĬĬᣬ絶ʣķǳ
Сز㲻ҪѹˡǸ̰֮Ҷ۰๼ûнɳȥ̽ͭɽ˿ҲΪȺ֮ġ
ٻĦСزļȰο
СزֹסسƾٻȰ⣬š
һӣСز΢΢ƽ飬۾ţǰôˣǾ𣿡
ٻ밮ظСزȥ飬䣬ߣǸڼ֮ѵѡ˶ϡ
ûиʬ
ٻƫͷȥΪͽ˿ء
СزԺ۾ֱ㶵ضԶһǽǣβ˵
ٻһۣ΢΢̾
ǰ֪Ǿ͸СزȵˡʱһСزȻµѾˡ
װ
ҸҪĥ£õɳպĵĴĦһ¥Сز̫ˣΪһ֮Բ¡
ٻ벻ΪȻСزˮģǳɳһ֡
ҡͷһЦ
Ҿˡ
ȻСزȻ̴ľվ۾ӹһ˿ᶨھϴͭɽ
ͭɽλˣʣµĶһȺбʣ£Ҫͭɽûʰϸȫ֮ǰǸϾɱ
Сزҧݡ
ضСزʼ
Сزһȥ׵
á
СزҡҡͷС£Գһȥ㹻ˡһ٣СزһŮ׽ܵ壬һľųϣһָ·ȥīǰ
ݼǰ
ɹظʩһ
Цŵͷǻ
ˣСز
Сز뿪֮ǰһӣһ׷ݸСز׷áǽɱͭɽĲбʣ£պŷô
Сز΢΢һ㶣壬Ķô׷
Сزš
ٻһѴ׵׷ĵбһףһһǧ׷͸ţĹ
˵ţһһöƴСı֣Դ׵ıзӶСز֮С


1608 Ѫϴͭɽ
ԣСز㵵Ŵͣһŵضס
壬оȻǧ׷㡭Īϴ壿δҲ̫ˡ
Сزʧ
εͷɾһѣ͵ġ
ٻЦһֻ𣿡
ɫһĵٻ롣
ڵСزһ˼׼ѩޣû̫⡣
ţҪʲô
Сزű֣ɫŹֵؿٻ롣
һȥ
ٻˣҾûбҪһֱˣߣܰ㡣
ǡ
СزһǵŰٻ롣
Ҫ֪ٻ֮ҪףΪٻĻ۳׵Ѫһ֮Ϳɥ
ԣײűСزΪ飬ĸԸظСز
Ҫǰٻ뿪׵ı磬ָܹ֮̾ˣ
ʱ׻᲻Сزһ⡣
СزģҾǲڽԣҲܹӦֻۣҪһ˶Բ飬̾Բ˶ߡ
ٻȻ°ͣĮƳһס
ڨڨһ²ӣεǰҵΪֲǲ˽⡣Сزͬ㣬㳷ѪеĻ֣Ҳ᲻͵ذСزġ
һ
ٻ΢΢һЦһΣ˱ڲ
׵ĻٻûлɵģȻϲģŮ壬ǣ׶ߵĻ飬νøҸ嵨ԴСزҲ㾡ܣ˽ġ
ٻ볷ױеĻ֣ٻҲԸţײСزܡ
ʵϣٻ֮ԿףҪһԭ򣬾Ϊ壬Ǹ溺ӡ
ҪȻǰٻôգҲЭĸԸظСز
ʵֻҪԸ⣬Уֻڲ𾳽ĵһܣַӾͿϢغٻĻۡ
һ׾Ͳܰٻвˡ
ǣûô
Ϊٻ֮ѾΣݻŰٻ벻Ե޹ʵ˺Լ
һУǵѰٻôпܽʧȥٻǿ
һҲ׶ȥ
׳էǿɣǿؽ򣬶ҪһĶ
׶᱿ٻĹϵŪ
壬ˣౣء
СزΪؿףפ룬Ȼתȥ
Сزĸβ裬һһģΪɰ֪أǹճһɾĻߡ
ܿ죬Сز˴˾ݣټǧˣƺƵش˿зӶԳͭɽķϯȥ
ɱ
ɱͭɽһ򾡣
ͭɽȺףҪͭɽϴһգ
һˣɱ죬һ¸߰
˿ڲǳһ·ϣ֮£ڳڸ֮еתһȦһ¡
һ·֮ϣ׵ˣϻ̳ϿֵظҾʺá
һһͷЦʾ
߰ɣȥīǰһߴٵ
á
˵ͷͰ֣㱣ݻ˵ţҪתкˡ
ˡ
΢΢һЦڣκΣա
һɫŹֵؿһףһţ¶Цݡ
𣡺𣡺𣡺
𣡺𣡺𣡺
һӣǧɵѪɫƾճڰУһצֲϯǳء
ǳڲˣȫϻ̳Ͽ֣һؿա
ȥؿ׶ѪɫڰѪɫһ϶Ļƽ
߰ɣϳ

ͻȻֵİѪɫŵòᣬһĭŵ˵ͷ
˵һĳǳϿգƽһĳϣڳڷУա
׾֮ٻ˻ƽȴû˵ǰѵס
෴˿߿ɰѪɫĻƽһ֮ȫ¶Ľ֮ɫ
׵ϻƽÿһȫĵĽʣۣ޲ϻƽԼ

һԾϣԣͺһѪɫƽȵسųӶȥ
󣬿쳷
ҪǳײŽ壬Ǿǻˣ
ǲˣҪǳϿյĴС
һˣһæңòײŽǳϿյĸƸĿŰ񿥵Ѫɫһƽڿնȥ


1609 
Ѫɫ֮£ƽһ·ɳۣ죬һƬɽϿա
ǰǰīǰͳĵˡ
΢΢һЦīǰĽɽзԲͽҲڣνǿ׳ΧУһĴڡ
׵ͷһЦĿǰɽӣƽһɳ
ĽɽīִģףλΪƬɽˡ
Ѫɫӿٶȡ
鼤ѾЩȲҪīˡ
𡭡
Ѫɫ͵ؼӿٶȣʱƽͺһһһ
֪īǰŽʲô𣿡
ȻתͷЦ
ЦЦඣˣƴС̣ǳö
ǰǹ˶£һ˭֪Ƭɽͳ졣īǰһֱڵ
Цףܵ׵Դɬ޽ǵķ˿
īǰαִš
ҡͷһЦ
Хһʱ⣬ƽͷɳϰ𽥿īĴӪˡ
վס
ǰΪأ˭Ҵ
Ȼһƽըװıһ뻷׳ڿնɱڵسŻƽķӶϰȫװһɫŻƽ
Ӧīǰµ΢΢һЦ
ɢʶ̽˵ʵڸܵӵʥ֮󣬲ɵ΢΢һ־ϲ
ûϵīǰ£Ȼд˻һЦ
ͷһˣȻӵʥҵΪ컯ɾΧشȫпɽɣΪһ
ٲãҲܹ׵ؼߴıһλְ
û뵽īȻڶ̶̵ʮڣͽһλʥĸ֣׹Ŀ࿴īֶμΪ塣

ܵ޼ɵɢʶ뻷׳һìƳسǰ
Ȼ񣬿ǾƲԳԷˣ
˵ţһӣΧ
ಡ
ʱٺʿؽ׵ĻƽΧϰٱֱضס
֣һᡣ
һ˵ļƣһԲϾпܷͻԲǶһˣɱ˺ˡ
˿
뻷׳бһɵýü΢ͷ˵˵ôͳһˡҪ˵Ȼ̾ҪɱѪɫһ磡
׳ʮ㣬ȫûнѪɫ
𣬺𡭡
Ѫɫһŭצ裬׿ţͷǰ˸ʬˡ
һ°ա
վָһ뻷׳׽ܵǰǸֱɺӣ֮ǰһһһζ෽սУЩɥīǰ·;ӴԺ˾Ͱīǰ£ΪǸʥ֡

Ц뻷Ϊ͵ص˵ͷ
СӣôͷүүܲھҪƾʲôţ壡
׾ӸµļƣҽУףһѽӻƽקһԡ
ţŪеĳìͳ״̶
ⳤìһʥ磬£ƶţʮִ
Ǻǣá
΢ƣһ˫֮Ͼƾճһ԰ɫצףȻħƽצ
һͽץס˳ììͷƺǯһؽìУƾνأ԰γì
ʵڵ֪ī뽵ʥ֮󣬾͹Ҫһдһ
Ŀķǳ򵥣һǿʵΪסɽ𻢡
Ͼ״˷һְģҪΪһ֮ҪסͽóϷ
Ļī£ΪҲԷڡ
෴ܹ˻ᣬʥһסô׵ʵܵͽĹϣûٸ׵
Ϊŵһʯ
ʲôҵĳìȻͽץסˣ
˼еìˣ޷׵нìγʱͨ죬ҽУǳǰһʿ£үүҪëͷСӣ
˵ţȫ߸͹ѪڣʼȫìҪ׵ħƽצǯ°γì


1610 ţ
ըףԭΧ£һʿǳ¡Ѫɫ׵Ĵ߶֮£ûмĵǻضźԶеļʿеͺͣ
ǣһ⼸ٺǰͼԶ٣ôѪɫ̾ͻɱ䣬еĻʿ븹
֪ڸʲô𣿲ĻϽס֣
³شӻƽקԶգòסΣƿڴ
졣
һ׼Լݹڣǳ⡣
ԹԹԱ죬֮Уȴǳһ˿
ȣ
еĳìͽǯסٸ޹⣬¸ҧеĳìȫⱩ𣬺һιޡ
ϧ㾡ȫҲûܴ׵Уìγ
ľ
ܣұΪţɾȻԪСӸѹһͷ
һ˼ؿףѡ

ɵͽס͵һɳһֱӽì˶˦˳ȥ
⣬ɶأ˫֮Уϳǧ׳Ĺ֣Ǳֹסӡ
ܣ㲻ֻԪ磬ȴǻʵʥΪҵҪѷɫ֮ࡣ
ҽУ׵񣬶ʱһ˿ء
Զһʿ׾֮佫ʥ֡˦ˣȫһȺ۷׷ס
ţǿֻԪ꣬Ȼһ֣ͽ˦ˣ
Ϊţɾʥĸ֣ܹڴϳģǳ١ǣ꣬ȴ׾ٵˡ
죬ܹѪɫа벽֣ʵʵ˵ɲ⣬Сһ˶֣Щ³ç嶯ˡ
ڶʿһʧ׵žη֮顣
Сӣ㾿Ǻηʥүүҵì²ɱ֮ͽгì͵һǹĽʵ
Ҫܹ˵ңҾ͸㡣
һƵؿ
㡭˵ʲô
ûðɣ޲ǰ׸ǧС
ǺôĿȻȫʥɶǣ׾ȻΪ޷˺Լ
ֱǳ裡
ʥ˺׵ûУδҲ̫ˣ
Сӣ
ŭһЯһ˸εѵĿֲƣƶһףеĳìһǹӰÿһǹӰ̺ľķ֮
ź̩ɽѹһĿֲѹ΢΢һЦ˫һð벽ħƽצڲӿһɾ춯صƣ𵴣ҡػΡȫѹѹһͷ
ͣͣͣͣ
İǧǹӰʱһצӰϯûһɫĻ浶âӭǰȥ
Ȼǳն
顭
һʱ䣬𵴣޾ײһɽХҡػΡ
ܿ죬ͲϵرɫâУȫ±ˣһǵѪ˺ѿѪӿ津Ŀġ
ףʼȫһͥŲģȫ𣬸ûбǹӰС
ģСǿֲ֮Ȼɼͨ
תԪȫ޸ϵƣ׵
ڶֽ֣ٶ·磡
ȫȻÿһʿɴ˫ΪһѺ
ݡ
Ȼ׵ͺһ̤ӡԻûһӰû̳֮С
أ
֮УͻȻʧȥ׵ӰʱĻңɢʶѰ׵ټ
ϧûҵ׵һëȻĸоͻȻڶ
ˡ
һɤԺţ͸оԴһ׵İɫצסˡ
㡭ôģʲôȻܹʥֵʶ̽
оأЩʵسѯʡ
ণ
ſ׼ϵİҹħֽһ̰ϵ촽ƺѾȲҪƶǣˡ
Ǵ˵еػޡҹħ
Ŀһʱ׼ϵİҹħɵ̾ϢҰˣҪɱҪУϤ㡣
һƣҲֻ֣Цʵ
뻷΢΢һһŹֵضףƺЩ²͸׵뷨


1611 óϷ
ףѾסֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾ءڣȴЦƺҪûƢóϷС
Զһʿһʧ̼ѡ
ˣȻԪСӸˣţ
СӾǺηʥֻԪ磬ȴɲ⣬аѪɫΪս裬иżΪİ벽ĸɼͨҲ£ںߴ֮ӣ
ʥĸ֣Ȼʼնû˵ӣֱ˵Ǻš
Զһʿŵøεѣһд߶Ԫ׼ߡ
ģ֮ǵġ
ʱڳһʿһǿ룬˵ˣһˣ̫һͺɱѵһҲӦõġ
ʲôĲ֮ݣ
ǰǣ꿡壬ǺηʥΪҪ˵һˣ
Ļڳһʿ׷׷ӵǰɻĿ⿴
ڶʿͶĻĿ⣬ЦһɤӣǺǣ˵ǣɲ꣬δŽ塯
΢΢°ͣȻ˵

䣬ȫһһĳ
ţÿһʿ׷ˣһ־ϲֱ
㲻ڿЦգ꣬Ǵ˵Ѿ˳̨ϿɵŽ壿
īǰһֱǿδѾڳ̨һʶӵŽ壬˵ŽȻֻԪ磬ʵȴʥֻҪʤһȻ٣
˵ŽڻԵɺ֮£õа۵ķ򴫳УܹھͶ֮˺գҪŽܹΪǵǵſ϶ɿ𣬷ɻڴ
ԭǴ˵⣬СɽŽ壬ѹŰĿˣȷʱŽ£Ҳԩˣ
ڳһʿΪİΣǣΪԼĴһתۣϲ㵸
ڣмʿ۷Ứģˡ
ԶУ׸ܵû˵̸أԸҧһԣһҪɱҪϤļơ
ǲ
üͷһЦݸ
ߣɼͨӵа벽Ȼ򲻹㡣
һڿˣһȫûз̬ȣΪм
Ǻǣá
ɿצһֱӽħƽצ˱У˳ֿȭֶЦеҲħƽצҲɼֻͨƾǣܹӮ㣡
ţ
һؿףأЩԼĶ䡣
ףȻħƽצŵɼͨƾɱ
㡭ģ
͵߬еĳì³һ仰
ò˵׵Ļÿһ֣絶̣ΪһСɽʥ֣ȻһӶͣѪӣ޷ȳ衣
£Ȼһ·ȴмףײɱ
ΪģӮϣӮȨ
Ծ֪ˡ
ѵ촽Ѫڣ˵ļͣһ׵;ͱ˼ȫ͹ʾǿǡ

ŭһʥĳì͵һֱӳ׽ɱ
ಣಣ
׽̤ӡ󳷡
Ϊûħƽצ׸Ӳĳìֲʩչնɳ֮ɼͨԣֻʱ˱ܡ
ܿ죬ĿһĻˡ
ǣǡ
׵ŭȣзһţ׵Ƥ֮·سһϽۣһ׵Σͱһͷޡ
˫צ⡢ؽڵλãһ̣ɢ˸˸â
ǿ쿴Žóһͷޣֲ̫ˣ
ŽĴ˵̫̫ˣΪԶﴫĿŽŷϵκԣԵôĲ԰
ǽһĴֲ̫ˣıΪţȻ츳ѪѾǳˣĹʮеһŽͲʮǧˣһĴڣ
ǲأȻһһŽĳƺҲŭͷԲ˶ߡ
ܹӵţǵĸ
վԶսʿȺȫó״̬µ׸ɵˡ


1612 Ѱ̼
㡭Ȼܹ
һضף𾪡û뵽ڷʹħƽצɼ֮ͨ󣬾ȻܹΪһͷƷʡ
Ϊ׽ƾǣֿȭսʤԼǾԲܵ顣
ƺСˡ
ɱ
ΣҲòʥ»ӮԪףô׶˵ͻ˶ϡ
ʵûٻˡ
顭
ܿ죬Ӱͷزһ޾ӿ𵴣ɽѡ
ֵһǣս˫һֳʥĳìؼͨʩչȲҪأÿÿҪֵĹͷܹ֮յض
෴ǣ׳ֿȭʩչÿһÿһʽƽͷƦŹʮּ򵥴ֱզǣ׼򵥶ֱȭͷܹȭȭ⣬뻷ҽУƤⷭתѡ
ս˲һӵʱ䣬һΣһߵķһӸ߿е׹֮С
ۡһһѪеĳìֵ䣬ϸֳһĨҰ֮ɫҰˡ
ಣ
״΢΢ϢȴһĨЦݣܲҺüǹ
׵ϣȻɼǵѪŽɫѪҺ
״߶ԪܿѪۿӵٶ޸
һ
׻ָƣЦе
ҡ
͵ҧ֮ӹһĨ֮ɫƬ̺Ȼ̾ϢСӣ㲻Ը͸¶Ҳ㡣ò˵һķڷģھ˶ϣͷ㶯֡
˵ţԪӿҪԱ
ס֡
ɫ䣬͵һ֣˺ѳһаɵĿռѷ졣
ǣ
ȫͻȻֵĿռѷˣڵԪʱֹͣתţһɿ񱩵ֱӹЮ˿ռѷ֮С
Ҫô
ͷĬĬر˫
ಣ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰǰֱס壬ţǧɢС
֮УɳӿΪԼҪռ֮ɱʱĿ鷢ˡ
ףô£Ϊʲôû֮˫һ˼ؾ
çʹ
ûŭһ
ȫһæתͷףɫӣΪʲôҪң
׷һ۵Ҫɱ㣬ˣīʲô
ϢһϣεͷʼնûҪɱң
ص˵ͷ
Ϊʲô

Ǻǣܿͻ֪ˡ׵һЦ˵ơ

ţһӣһķ֮£һѷٶȳ֡
һΣǵشӿռѷ»ع컯ɾ
Զĸ߿УһʿΪ˾һѰϧ˺յʱȫһΪһѺ
ǿûУŽ壬ӦǵܹھͶ֮˺գߴʵĲ𾳸ֶ
Žõа۷Ĵˡ̫ˣͨ´²𣿡
Ҳ֪ûԸδɹ
˫ֺʮ
͡
Ȼֻһռ˺һټĿռѷƾճ˵֮С
Ӱ½
쿴Ž
̫ˣ˭ûǽԴϲ
ߣȥݼδ
ڶʿ֣ɣҪķӶȥ
𡭡
ϧûһʿɶѪɫסȥ·ڶʿ̾óȻǰ
˭ıӵҵĵҰ
ٿأһ춯صŭ̺ſ񱩵Ԫƹըһϯ˸εѣĤʹ
ৡ
ʱеʿڣȫԴ
Զ֮УȻһ۵Ӱһ״һ·ɶɱڵطӶ
īǰ
һ
ˡ
һīӰʱ־ϲī龳ĸ֣Ȼ׵Ķ֣ͨվԪ磬ܹ龳֡
ī׵ĺӾ͵ͷˡ
תһ룬Щлҡ
ӰգҸһʱ䣬ԶҪתͷ֣µؿס


1613 λ
ΪʲôҪߣ
ЦЦ
ӣе˼Ȼ׸ϽߣԼһʱ䡣
ɴ˿ɼ壬𱨵ıСˡ
ĻһǧټƵסףߡ
ţ
ǲ֪ôҪΪܹ˺գܹսʤ
һûطһۡ
ʼգֿܲԴĿ˵Ը
Ȼ׵ȷʱ
ಣ
ܿ죬һӰƾմӸ߿зӶһϲس׷˶
壬ڻˣҵȵĺ࣡
ī뿴ףʱüЦɷ˵سһܱ
һĻԲԶĿɿڴ
⡭ô£
ͷЩϡͿԭΪīһ״֣û뵽˾Ȼʶңƺǳǡ
īǰˣܿˡʮھΡ
ʱīΪ˸״һƬɽս𲻶ϣҹѪ˸Ǽҳ㷹
֮䣬ʲô
īˬһЦ׵ļΪԺظ׽ܵ壬㲻ڵʮСزİ£ѾһƬԲĽɽһϯҾʹȥ
׵ͷһЦתͷԶ֡
Цеس׵ķɱ
𡭡
Ѫɫīֵʱ򣬾ͲϵغХţһצɱ졣
Ѫɫ
״һӣֱӽѪɫȫ˱ڲ
壬Ѿɹ˰Ѫɫ
īһԾԶѪɫī붾۹һ۾ͿЩѪɫڲͬ
š׵˵ͷ
ЩѪɫЩŹ֣ƺ֮ǰĵһѪɫҪһЩ
īһ
ѪɫںѪľʱ顣׳
飿
īզпǿ˲õ飡ЩѪɫδԲ
վһԣҪ廰Ҳʵʱεվһԡһ˵Ѫ̾ѪǺö˵Ѫľ
׵˵ͷ͵ؿһ
īĿбһһߵô£ǲëַˣһԲϾʹ֣
Ҫǽ飬ˡ
˵ģö˵϶Ǳ׸ݺݵһ١
īгţѾˣҪǶģܻ
ҡ
һί˵ֲ˵ϵĺüһҪѿжѿ
ʣī׵ĹϵǳڣĹϵҪҪȻĻͻīҲһѵ
ߣҸ˵˶ٴˣƺΪǲںˣˣԺͳƺΪա
īûسһۡ
ʲô
ǵ
ɵõɴ˫һ˼ضס촽ãû֯һĻ
û뵽δҪ׷ȻǸֻԪС
̾һҡͷЦԭǴ˵ла۴Уڳ̨һʶӵŽ壬۲ʶ̩ɽ
˵ţظ׹񣬡֮ǰðǰдҪһʶ
״ǵǰ΢΢Ц޷޷ҲһʱҪҷǳ⡣ţԺһܹΪĺ
ңҡʩϣվֱӣɫŹֵؿī룬ղŵĻʲô˼˵׼λͣ
ʱһʿȫ˹ڶʿ׷׹ظҾ
׵ͷһЦǻ
ʲôλͣ˵ˣδңˡˣŽ壡
գŽҸͶΪӣ
īûسһۣĲ¡
ֻȫ԰ѯʣ֮ԴȻǹ˵еĲ
ߡƫȥû˵ʲôϵĲȴ˭óġ
ʵī֮Ϊ˱ж֮飬Чī롣˵īҪΧһƬɽʱ򣬸ǳǰΪŵ׳˺͡
īԼΪ˵ʱԸˡ
Ϊ֮ԸЧī룬Ϊīľ֮ͬĸ
ǣ˵ĻͲˡ
Ͼ׶ûж飬ûбҪΪƴƴֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾ߴıһٺ»ְλΧһСƴƴ


1614 
īһΪ˰īֱӷΪƽҲЯ࣬ܵ£ġ
ǣ֮һӵĲԸ
īǰ
ʱ׿ˣûбҪλ֮ͣ䲻ֱ˴ˣûбҪǵҳ
˵ˣ۱֣㶼Զңҿ֮λʣܹˡ

īҡҡͷţ֮ҪŽ֮λеġ
ȻǸ龳ʿǣҵ츳ѪŽʮǧŽδĳɾͿ϶Ҫ֮ϣ
ôǵδķչǰʮޣԶҲܳĵشߴͥ񣡵ǣŽ嵣ôһжпˡ
üͷһ塣
īΪɫ룬츳Ѫǳڣ׵ŽҲѷɫ˶١ֻʱûнʥȪȵĻѪأѪˡ
ɣ˵֪Ļˡ
īʵݣڳڶʿУҲֻ֪Ѱʿ֪īʵݣԣīô˵Ҳûʲôɵġ
ңλЩڶ࣬Ϊһ϶ΧʱĽɽ̼ͽڤ
ŽͲͬˣŽƿа۴һַ壬ǲ𾳽ĸɱҲԾ֮䣬˺գеͽ֮Уԣþκγң޼ɵؿ
ī
˼Ҳ΢΢һЦ
׿֪īСͱʥȪΪǲ֮ףҵرʥȪȸˣˣʥȪڵ֪īΪ龳ֺ𣬻ͨī룬ҪīϾɱ
īǵ죬°ʥȪĴ󻤷֮һ롱ıӡڤ飬Ҫ©˷·һ
ʱ򣬾īΧһƬĽɽʥȪҲܹ
̾һаٰ㲻ζ
Ȼвʣīᣬ˵úеȻ³ç嶯ޱˡ
īݣʺͷ¶棬ʵľǳ䵱Ļʹ
ңܹ֮ڶ̶̵ʮʱڣʹƬɽһ뵶ȵĶЩǵŽԴ
ûŽԴҲнĳɾ͡
ī
ѹһһֱǶηգԭǿŽϡ
˵һ峤СزҲһڳ̨ʶӵ֮ӣֿžţҲҪֺٰŽ壬ΪľԺܹõŽıӻɴ˿ɼж󣡡
Ž岢ɵ֮෴˺ֻͣһֱǶ֪ˣ
ڳһʿȺһۡ
ণ
ٿأһУԶգط֮Ľ׻ȳ档
ȥͺһƬƬɫƶ䣬ֺӿȵĽɫ˳
ͷһֻȫɫĵȣһֵ˸˸ɢֲеۻơ
ǵȣ
üͷһһԶգɵ΢΢Ц
ȺͻȻӶڳʿȫЩлңϢ١
Ȼ֪Щ棬˺ǣǣīͳʮ棬´ýɽʱڳʿۼʶ׻ȳײпֲ
ʮ棬֮ݲʬǲ档
һĻĻĿĵĻ棬ӿ鲻Խشһ
ণণ
˵Ŀ֮£ƹī룬һȵطɵ׵ǰת˼Ȧзһ
ǵؿ׵ǰĺͯ
ڳһʿĿɿڴ
û뵽ƽͲ̣ͳʮĵȣ׵ǰȻĺͯ
ţ
⵶ȣīǰ𣿡оЩɶͷԡ
һֱʮӳ棬ī룬ܵΪī뽵档
֪ʵˡ
ףī롣
ʮ𾪡
һԪʿܹ׺ʥ棬ο⵶Ȼͳʮӳ棡
ȣþò㻹ô
Ħŵȵĳ룬Цݺ㡣
һƺǳܡ

ʱһѪɫԴӱзӶһȣ˷ܲѣХͣ
ŤͷѪɫʱһֵ»裬ֹ
Ǻǣһ컯ɾо˭Ҳ˭Դףڶδһֿʼˣͷۡ
΢΢һЦ


1615 
ণ
ӵ磬һֵܿѹѪɫ
Ѫɫδʹ˸ʰ·磬صͺһ
𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺
ʱһѪɫӰƾճ֮УǧɵѪɫˢˢسڵȵǰÿһѪɫײУ˲ֱӡ
ʳ͵һ󳷡
ţѪɫͷѹȵѹס˵һͷ
ণ
Ȼ󾪣ȻûϵѪɫݣѾ˰ʱʳᣬطɵ׵ԣʵصţƺ߿ࡣ
һЦԲˣѪɫˣ뵶һҵұۣԣҪŽѺãŶԡ
˵ţһӣֱӽѪɫ˱ڲ
ţ΢΢̧ͷŸ߿飬׵ͷϿʮӳ棬¶һĨЦݡ
Щ׻ȳ棬˶׳ʮûô͵͵Ħŵȡ
Ȼһ

ʱĳȺӿ£Գ׵ķ˶

״һӣһεϯϿա
һʱ䣬׾ͽʮ׻ȳ˱챦Уʮ׻ȳԾؼȡѪеѪ
ڳһʿĿɿڴһþηס
׻˵˲ò࣬Ȼˡ
˭ܹ󣬽Ԫףܹ֮ٻѪɫʮ׻ȳ棿
壬ߣǴظ
īЦек˰ʢ磬úøӷϴ˵ţŲԶ㶵һȥλҲǸӣʽɽɵӣ
ǡӦ
š
˭룬ûᲽ׾ͳֹתͷ׳ī΢΢һЦīǰӲһ´ýɽһһݷù֮ٽпɵʽ
ԣīһ˵ͷ
Ϊؿһס
û뵽ģҪŵ̬һһݷøϡ
Ҫ֪״ɲֻҪīĶ֣ҪΪû˸顣
ȴûô롣
׿ԼֻһէˣһΪһ֮ͽ϶ԹԣҪǰԤС
Ͼһӣ׿ɲϣԼʱһƬ
ȥϯҪ÷¡ءī뻰һתתͷȸǰϢƬ̣㵽
ǡ
ȥ
õġһЦ
ܿ죬ʹһʿűķӶȥ
ī룬ǲУسŶϷһƬȥ
īǰ˵ɹƳһױףɷҿ۽磿
Ȼ׺ؿī롣
Ȼԡ
īͷһЦͣ½Ųն
׵ɴ˫
ʮʮǰīڻԵɺ֮£õۼĻʮƬףЩףȫīƳһ׻ףʮʮֺ棬ʮƬıףƳһʲôı
ȵĿУīȫðһĿĺ⣬ţһ׾ףȻıףƾճīϡ
ֵһǣī벢ûƻ׵ıṹһʮ״Ƴһס
ͬʱʮ׵棬ǶŴıʯ꣬ԿŸֹϷķġ
ײףҷҲǳãֱӽīͷ÷ǳܣֻ¶ֻ첲Сȡ
ǾףΪıףȻͬ졣
׸ɢĿֲϢɵһʧ
׵Ĳ̽׵ƷʣȻﵽ˽ڣڽУҲϳ˵ļƷˣ
Ϊʮıףǻ͸ҵģԣʮҵϢʮϣûкķѶپ˳Ƴסס
׻ףһ׽ıףݹ컯ɾҲûжʿĻܹᲢۡ
īһ⡣
ף֡һüЦȻһתʵīǰ׸ҵĸоǳΣգƺһ׷ߣܹ
׺ؿī롣
ʲôһ˫۽𾦡
īͷһЦһһʮؽģҵĻײǷеļƷң֮ܵ󣬻ܹзɣ޴ʮ鱾֮ϣֱԿһɴ󣬸ͬһȫʥ֣пܲɱ


1616 ؽϻ
ʮ鱾ףÿһ鱾֮ϣԿһɴһȫ׾ܹɱʥĸ֣
õһһզп
ףͬʿҪսʤī룬÷ǳѡ
Ͼī뱾ǣͷǳɫнĻ׻壬Ҫƿīķͷǳѣ˵īɱˡ
ңΪֲǣӵŷǳֲķ֮ʮ鱾ͬʱɣƾ춯ء
˵龳У۷īǷǳڵģܹ
ϲīǰϲīǰ
׹ֵϲ˻׻壬ʵȻһɳ죡ѹ˵龳ʨֵ֣ûսʤ㣬ԭл׻
һʨֵܣīʱһһ
ҳҪʨֵܸϾɱģһ˶࣬һֵ̥ͬܣӦսϼΪĬҵǹƥȻƣмܡ
ī밦̾Ȼһתϲ§׵ļ򣬡ڽˣҾͲʨֵˣˣȥѩޡ
׵ͷһЦҶСز˵ˣʨֵܾȻǵĿֱǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
Ҫǳǵ
һЦ
ʨֵīǲʤ˭Ҳκβ˭ڣ׵ļ룬״ƽ⡣
ǺǣСزֻ֪һ֪
ȻīһЦ
ţ
üͷһɫŹ֡
īˬһЦ壬ȻСزϵУǣվǸˣʲôҶ̹Ȼ֪ġ
īǰ˼ǣʲôīôصģСز
ٻ뻹ı𣿡
īѯʵ
ڡ
ʵǰԴСز֮󣬾ͰСزȥͭɽˣҵıС
Ǿͺá
īһʵġīɤӣЦʨֵܣ֮ԲĵֻΪô򵥡
ڿʱõΧĵ²̽ѰҿԹ֮УʨֵܵĵУһ׷ɱʿʿʨµĶϣʥľΪΪ͵ʨ޸ոյֵıأ׷ɱ
ʱʿѾϢ٣Ⱦ˳ֽնɱˣҴ䱦ѳ˴ıء
īЦ
΢΢һԭʨīлء
أ׷ʵ
Щ׷ɱ׻ȳӶݣճɹˡҲʧ˲ٽ׻ȳ棬֮û꣬ȵĳȺ׳ʮ֮ī
׵ͷ
ĿǰľΪͳʮ׻ȳ棬ԼԦֻҪȾͻ׻ȳзֳսȺάʮ֮¡
ʨֵܴӱչг֪͵ؾеıѾѱ䣬ʱҪץȣظ
ī
ʲôأʨֵ⣿ʮֺ档
Ȼ󣬵ʨֵܷŭʨֵģһؽϻ
ī΢΢һЦϻӻ˳
ʱһһĹϽϻ׵ǰɫԿĹϷġ
⽣ϻʲôŹ𣿡
ʩչѰۣز̽һϻûзʲô֮Žϻ򿪣ֽϻһ壬ûпԴ򿪵ķ϶
Ǻǣ㿴
ī뽫ϻתָһͼ
׶ȥͼ̲һ⣬ڽλãԿһַġ
ʲô˼أЩɶͷԡ
壬˵Ĵ˵𣿡ȻīЦеʵ

ҡҡͷ
ʵ仰Ӧý˼˵ֻҪܹ
ֻܹŮ˲Խ
ܹ˳Խ
īص
ֻҪܹŮ˲ܹ˳
ײɵõһм֡
ÿһʿ顣κһʿԪޣ۸֣ҲȻš
һڳĴ˵ɵм


1617 ʮ֧
īǰ⡮һʲô˵
ǿѹеļ׷ʵ
һڱǺĴ˵
˵ڱǺУʮ֧ޡЩޣаʩչ˾ͨǿץ컯ɾеġ
˵ľʮ֧ޡ
īɫϾ
ʮ֧ޣ΢΢ü
壬ǽܳѰʦӦöʲôʮ֧գīʵ
׵ͷ
ʮ֧ѧеĻ֪ʶȻáֻ׾ȵǣɽȻӵʮ֧ޣһ˵еĹˡаۡץ컯ɾС
ʮ֧ҲСΪȣΪУ繷ΪţîãߣδϼΪ
ǰз֣ôеΪΪľΪˮΪ𣬳Ϊ繷Ϊ
֮ϼΪîΪľΪˮΪ𣬳ţΪδΪ
Ϊн
ī뽲úȻĶױ֪ĶȻǳģûкҲ졣
ν˵ľǴԵޣܹŮ˲Եޣܹ˳
Ϊ˵ʮ֧컯ɾֹط׷ɢ֮£ʮֻ֧ö˱Ǻ֮
ʮ֧޸ԽһƲл꣬ûһΪɢڱǺֻڻԵɺ֮£ҵʿл׷Ѱİء
ī
˫Ź⣬ĳȡ
ʮ֧ޣֱûʮ齣ֻҪռеԵıܹŮ˲
ռԵıܹ˳
еĽϻϣԿһ֣ζѾõһԵ齣ֻҪҵԵ齣лó
ûϵϻȻ˹أֻҪռԵ齣ܹ
ѹʨֵƴҲҪϻ
һп
ī΢Цŵͷ
īǰ˵Ĵ˵𣿡
Ȼһƣ΢΢üе㲻ţϾֻҪҵʮ֧ûɵ齣ܹĻĹаΪβռΪУһа۾ܹبųˡ
īһЦĵ˵ûⳤĴ˵ܿܲ˵еţ˳
ϾǴ˵Ѿ𻯳ɵˣҲ޷ĳϣبų档
ǣҸҿ϶ǣʮ֧ûɵ齣ֻҪڻԵɺ֮´ˣһܹЩδõɵʿԪ
īһϾ
éٿ
ӣĴ˵пԶﴫڲϵؿڿഫ𽥿ɵĽ
ʮ֧齣ãֻǸʿԪس
Ļ˵컯ɾеˣɽˣҪ׷·ʮ֧ûɵ齣ˡ
֮ûᣬȻʮ֧ûɵ齣ڴ˵еûʲôջ
ǣ׷̥ʿ˵ȴı
ϾѰʿ˵ԪΪҪģֻҪӵԪܹ׷Ѱ壬𻯳ɡ
ǣīһӵ齣Ϣȥһᣬ컯ɾһȷѪꡣ
īǰʮ֧޻ûɵ齣Ѿжٱˣ
׺Ȼʵ
īҡҡͷ壬Ҫ֪˵ѾǳԶˣʱǨʿѾ˵ңʮ֧ޣڶ뱩Ǻ֮󣬾伣Ȼʿǰ̵ؽ뱩ǺѰұأܹųȴ޼
ԣǺ֮飬ʮ֧û齣֪֮١
Ҫ׷ʮ䣬Ҫ뱩Ǻвһϣ
ī
΢΢ͷͷ˼
ʵڵõ齣ʱһǴ˵ʮ֧ûɵ齣Ͼ˵̫Ʈˡңʮ֧ûɵ齣ڱǺУ̫
ȷؽϻǴ˵ʮ֧ûɵ齣֮һʨֵܵԵʡ
īЦŽϻݸףҪʨֵܷ׷ɱȣҪؽϻǲ뵽ǸʧѾõĴ˵ġ
׵˵ͷ


1618 
ڣؽϻͽ㣬ϣгһܹ뱩Ǻɹҵء
īһ
ʲô
ؽϻң
ײɵΪ֮һīǰؽϻһɽҿɲҪңôصıԼŰա
ʮ֧޻ûɵ齣أǱ֪أ컯ɾΪ֮䶯ĺ壬ǰᡣ
ʱ컯ɾƱؽһȷѪꡣ
壬ͲҪˡ
ī΢΢һЦؽϻǵҵıֻʱΪܰˡˣȻҪת㡣
У֪ʲôʱͻᱻʥȪȷ֣ɱҡʱѱ˵ʮ֧޻ûɵ齣ˡ
˵ˣ㶮а۴һַ壬ܹͶ֮˺գ𾳽ĸ֣Ҳܹ˳ѡؽϻٺʲˡ
īһһʮط
һڹؽϻС˱УīУһ˿ж
˵īûбҪ߸סֻҪīԸ⣬ȫԽؽϻռΪСֱӷ׸ߴīУʥȪȵͨҲкԸӻңŵλʹ͡
ī벢ûм壬ǽؽϻƱܣ׹֮תףɴ˿ɼī׵һƬҸ嵨
ϧ⽣ϻ޷򿪣ҪȻҲ֪⽣ϻװŵ齣һˡ
׿Цһ
õ齣׵У˷뼤Ҳѹ
ϾҪռʮ齣̸ף
ֻռԵ齣Ҳǳѡ
īǰҽʥ֮󣬱Ѱһ뱩ǺѰһ
īһƣѰʿóȻ뱩ǺѰ·Ͳһˣ㶮а۴ķ壬ǽ뱩ǺҲ֮ǣ֧㣡
Ҫʮ齣ڵ֮ѣǧҪǿ
īһ
зִ硣
ص˵ͷȻһתڴ֮ǰǱҪ콫ʨֵܸɱС
Ļһ©ӭǵĽֹ׷ɱ
׵
īΪȻسͬʨֵ֮û©ȻҪж齣ǳ룬ȻδĦ״ڲ̺һ˿׹壬޷Ϊ׹ޣǣڣ϶ܹ
īҪսʤʨֵܣֻн״еһ˿׹ĦΪ˵е׹޲һ˿ϣ
׻ˣͲô鷳ˡװī룬ʨֵܾԲǶ֡
ٶȲ𣬳ԶĺӶȥ
īǰ
׺Ȼʲôʵڤôˣ
ڤʥȪĴ󻤷֮һĻ֮ӣʮǰ׸²īٰ裬Ϊīһū͡
ڤҷӡҵıУҹܷ˵ĥѾΪһˡ
Ҫǻ֪Ϣ֪θ룿
īҡͷһЦаٰ㳩졣
֮ƺ׻˵ծӳī޲ýڤ
ڤһǳҪĳ룬ɲܽŪˡ
ҡͷһЦΧվȽŸҪ취һסʱȡʥȪȵĻѪУѪʱƾ㴿ɫ츳Ѫڳ̨һʶ׾٣ڣ𾳽磬ĸ׷ʥȪнȳҲпܣ
ī͵߬ȭͷһƬƬ֮󣬺̾һҪʥȪڲĻѪأ̸ףŻڤΪʣҲɽסҿ֪ǻթƻĺ˵ԸڤҪء
üͷ壬εҡҡͷȰοģīǰ׻˵ˮͷȻֱһܹ뵽õİ취ġʱûڤıкúܷ˵ĥա
֮䣬һƬĺϿաȥԣƣɾأƮƮ֮С
壬Ƭ塯סǧʢ顣Ѿ˳齵Ϊǵһ峤ȱҲΪŵ峤ϡ
īܵ
ʢİһô
һƣͷ

ʱشһȺٻӰˮԳīķӶ
ȥȻʮò绨ŮֵһǣÿһŮı󣬶һǡͷһŮͷ׵Ļʹڣ˷飬òէһ͸оŮ·һ


1619 
Ȼ׼ܶǵŮէһȱʮɵİŮ̲סһҡҷ컡
£װתԪ̨һƬ
ȱݼīǰ
ͷİ峤īǰǰҾ
ʮŮҲ׷Ҿ
ȱһ£λҸŽ壬δ
īЦŵ˵ͷ׽ܸ˰ȱ
䣬ȱɵһզ࣬Ϊȵؿס
ȻûϵԪףδһ֮𡣵Щæңǰ״εع񣬡°ȱݼݼ
ݼ
ˣ
ʮŮҲ׷Ҿ
񡣡
΢΢һЦ˰֡ͬʱʶɢǰʮŮһɨ
ܵ׵ʶڳİŮȫϹϾ¶һķ
ܿ죬׾жϳ˰ȱľΪԪҡŮβ룬Ԫ磬ǰ벽Ԫҡ
ȱһա
ī
õġ
ȱУǧǰһʣòףƷĺ֡ϧǣ츳ǷȱսǿԪʿҲԭںҤɽܰ಻񣬺Ҥɽīǰڽǰһգָм
΢΢ͷ
һΪսǿҪΧҪǿҤɽǰһ֮ǰĿɽ
Ϊһ飬ԣÿһʱ䣬ͻҤɽϹȻҤɽ˰շǳϿڰһп಻ԡ
壬һ屾ںҤɽͳ£ÿʮҪϽɰöƷ飬öƷ飬ǧöƷ顣⣬ҪδµŮҤɽʿãҵͳ£ҽе˰ȫˡ
ī˵
׳Ų
ȱڳʮŮʱͷð׻˰ʱ򣬰һĸ͸ˡ
ȱÿʮܹ꣬飿׿ڵ
ǰһǧˣȫ飬ÿʮ꣬а˾öƷ飬öƷ飬ǧöƷ顣
ǵԽԽ٣ҲԽԽݽߣǲҲ١
ȱʵش𣬲˿˵εشͷ
׵˵ͷвһꡣ
Ӱȱ㱨Ҥɽǽһ彫ųɵȫռΪˡ
ò˵Ҥɽͳ죬ֱ̫̰Ѫ档
ī뽫˰֮󣬰һѹȻ˲١Ȼֹۡ
ǰһΪ𽥼٣
üͷһ壬ʵ
ǰһǳעѪһ㶼ԷֳֻԪﵽİܹһңÿһ̥Ҳӣֳǳ
Ϊÿʮ꣬ҪٸŮԣǰһѷչ׳ս͸ˡ
ȱ״˿ڣһ̾
׻Ȼص˵ͷ
û뵽һԷֳֻԪﵽİܹһÿһֻ̥
ѹټڲֻǧ
壬һŮֻлƻŮܹ飬һ£ͻʣú޼ֵ
ī벹ΪһŮʣòףѪּ䴿ļֵԶļֵøߡԣڰһ˰УҪÿʮϹһŮ
ƣֱƣ
òȻŭƿڴһʣѵҪΪŪĹߣΪϹĹƷ
ȱţھͷϳԼӴԺǰһ岻ҪϹһŮһ׷
׳
䣬ȱڳʮŮȫˮ˫־ϲضףöδܷӦ
ţ𣿴ӽǰһҲҪΪŪĹˣ
̫ˣǰһڿֱͦˣϣ
û뵽»˿ǰһҵõĿɽˣ
һŮһȸԾߴߴ۷׷ס
Ĵ£ȱеİȫģ
죬л
ȱзᣬ
£ʮŮ׷Ҿл


1620 ȶ
Цŵͷ
Ҫţ£ģӵֶǿвš߼ֶرˣ±ˣΪı
ţԼԶڰһǰҫԼҪǧٱ

Ȼĺ֮УǧƵٻӰˢˢشӺ֮ˮһзᣬ׵ǰߵŰݣл
ţ
һȫˣ
ױͻľˣһзᣬмİŮɵʧЦ
û뵽һˣһֱˮ°й۲ȫ׵Ŀٶˣһ޷еĸм֮顣
ҰһԸÿʮɵ˰Ŀ
ȱڳƬ֮¶˾ģ
īƶ˰գǰһһ󣬰һȫܹܣɣҲֻ߰˳ɣһ廹ܹܵġ
ֻҪðһϹŮһ˾ܹ࣬չ׳󡣵ʱҲԽԽࡣ
á
΢΢һЦҪģҲ˰գҪǵĸ
ܵīͶĽĿ⣬δһЦȱţӽֻҪϹɵͳˡҲӲԹ涨Ͻɶ飬ϣǰһܹ𽥷չ׳󣬲ֻҪǰһ귢չ׳ˣͻԽԽ࣬ʱȻõĻر
Ҫĸмңͺú÷չȺðһ巢չ׳ǶõĻر
ÿһֶصشŰȱڳһڰŮġ
ȱڰ಻סеĸм֮飬ˮӿ£ͨһգֹסز
ҡҡ
ʱ򣬰ȱȻ˵һĻˣֻоͷ̵̹ġ
ԡ
ݲǰȱЦ˵֮ǰ˵ԽԽϡˣô£
ȱŬסеļ֮飬ȥ۽ǵˮǰһԭǼȡֶͨΣעɳ֮Уʹµϴ£ɱ䡣ҪƷʵ飬ҪǳŨķˮأҪ³֮ԺȻҪӵи߳ļգȱһɡ
бһСǳ㣬ϧҤɽͳȥˣӴ֮еÿ£ǰһ飬ҲԽԽ١
ȱ
׵˵ͷȻһͳһǬȱǬ裬óһָˣһ֣ע棬īǰвüܿͻһˮصġ
ȱڳһڰŮȫΪ֮һò˼ס
ףΪһĿɽǵһ壬󷽵ʹһ壿
ֱҲ̫˼ˡ
ţ裬Ǻ嶼һܹһóô
Žǲƴ֣ܹΪ񣬼ֱǰ˱ĸ̫Ҹˡ
裬ǰһ϶ܹܿ췢չ׳˵ľΪ˵һʵ
ǧŮһʧ׵񣬾ͺǿŴ
׻˵޹»ʵ̫ˣ¡Ұһ峥𡣡
ȱǺȻǳҪ׵ʹͣǣһԥѡ˾ܾ
衭
ʵ̫ˡ
һÿʮ꣬Ϲɵ󣬿¼궼δܹ
˵ˣҪģǲ
һЦǿߣԸ˵ˣǰ˵ˡ
ȱƶǶ׵ִҪ£ǧлش׵нӹǬ
īǰͷ֣вü󡣡
תͷī롣
īһЦ˵ͷʵôˣֻǰһʱʨֵܴսˣȲֻ֮ñչˡԲûüøúøһ¡
˵ţī̤һӣ졢ʯ׭ͷɶīָ֮£Ȼ䡣
밲ȱˣվһԣۿī벼þ
ڰȱ󣬼ԪŮض׵ıӰ۾һգգöŲ
ƺŮȶˡ


1621 ελ
ܵԶȵĿ⣬ȱ΢΢һЦƺ˼ŮС˼ε£λǲǿˣ
˼ҲûС
Ǵ˵еŽ壬ֻ˳̨Ͽɣһ߸ϣĶῴѽ
ǣ˵һ峤СزкøУǸܷ֦ͷˡ˵ʵ࿴һǾˡ
ε£λŮ׷ߺСӦ
ȱ΢΢һЦһ;ε£λҵŮҵĸαòʣ۲գǶǷǳڵġ
ǰһܹ˿ǰ˱ĸϣΪһ
˵ȱһ٣תͷһελ绨ŮҪ׸ܹϣΪңǰһӾͺùˡ
ٲãܹѾʲôģҲǰ;
ȱһѯʵǡԸ𣿡
ʱελŮһǺСֹ
ҪǲԸ⣬ҲǿֻǾÿǷ̫ˣЩ̤ʵ
ȱҡҡͷ̾Ϣһһ˲·ࡣ
ĸףԸ⡣
ʱԸΪҵεȳ˵öԣҪܹϣǰĸµһѾߣҲպԪҪĶ࣬Ը⣡
ȱһϲؿεһʱϲЦտ
ĸףΪǰһģҲʱˣҺʹһԸţ
ʱ϶ҲԼ
ĸףԸ񣬲֪ĸһΪҺãҲԸ⡣
λŰȱһЦ
ãúáҵıŮĸ׵Сް
ȱϲЦտελõ֣ϵŲõЦݡ
ʱī˳ﲼ˼⣬˼뷴ɴ
һʱ䣬ټϿգŵŨ̶ȣʱһΡ
̫ˣ÷ǳŨˣԺǵһܹһأ
û뵽ǰһ廹ĸ
īǰܹ䣬ǵĸ
ϿյǧŮһƶЦЦ
壬㿴ҸɵΣ
ī֮ӣϲ
ǳãƹ񹤣
ֹ̾īǰһ־ǲŰһԴ˿϶㣬ж¡
īǰԮȱһ壬лīǰ
ȱǰظī񡣱ȱˣƺīǰΪ
ˣȱҪĿˣһʱֲ֪γƺ׳ƺīΪǰ
ǰʣܲ
лīǰ
лīǰ
ʱڳǧŮȫ
лңҪллˡ
īЦ̵ģΪ£ġ
л
л£Ϊ
ǧһŮַ׷ת׹
׵ͷһЦǻˡ
ˣȱһһʱȥϣҪǻʽ
īһ

ȱ
īӶЦڿն
һҪߣελãʱۿˡ

ȱʲôһ
ţתͷ
Ҹһ£ҵŮòʣǳ͵ġҸ֪ó黭ҾͽҵŮ׸㣬Ҳñǰһĳ⡣
ȱ˵
ī벻ɵӶЦû뵽ȱŪһ顣
ȱ㲻ҪҼȻͻὫ㵱һ˿ģΪһ飬Ƿ֮°ˡ
˵ˣѾϳϹŮΪʱҪٽŮԼԼҪǴȥҺţ
ɵȰ˵
ǡ
ȱһҪܾʱ״ΣҵŮĸԸģ֪㿴ҵŮҵŮɶ£Ѿ߻ʤεġ
ϣҪƴǣǰһĳ֮ģ
ȱధ
ɫһüͷ΢΢
û뵽ȱ˹ִ鷳̾ҡͷ
īЦһԴȤһ峣ѹեＫȱȫУôãǸо̤ܲʵһҪһЩرܰġҪǲܣðȱɹòʧ
īĿελõת٬壬ҪͽСѾͷգҾСѾͷͦϲġ


1622 ۴ɽ
ײɵһЦãû뵽ī붼ҡ
壬Ѿˡ컯ɾҲСزȻԲ˳˫Ѿ㺵ˣֻǻûüһǡĻͱǲֽˡ
ҪŮ¾֪Сز֪ˣҲŭԶҡ
̾
Ӻɷ檺οžţ
īҡͷһЦȰ˵İգֻҪСز֣Ů֮ϣСزһܵġ
ҪǰٻǸ鷳㿸žˡ
ī뽫ظĵֱ졣
Ӻһתʱ⣬īǰҪŮøˣ㷴Ҳû˫޵£ŮҲܹһ顣
һЦؿī롣
īʱһɫҡͷҲŲҪҵĸ׻ѹʥȪȣҵϻ縺ѪʱǾԲܹԼ̸˵Ϸġҿĸףȥˣһ£
īᶨ͸һɲЭ̵ζ
΢΢ͷٳԴȤ

ī˴һ˽һǳΪѵģλεòһۣϸֳһĨį

ȱڲԹɫһ׷ǳᣬȰʵڲУϣܹελãΪѾߣ֣Ҫңɺã
ελãһᣬضס
ܵе֮ɫײɵһ̼Ļʵ̫ǷŮˣ˭ԸԼǧС㣬˵Ѿߣʹá
ȱһϷ֣£¡ֻҪܹǳϦ㣬ǵţԸ⡣
Ը㵱Ѿߣ˲ˮţֻҪԸ⣬һ㾡ܡ
ãһʧġ
ελãʱڵأһÿҪˡ
壬°գѾߣСزˣҲ޷īȰ˵
á
³һڵͷͬ⣬ȻһƬ֮ģҲɨǵ¡ӽελã͸ңҵѾߡ
л
л
ελãʱһ߸ߣϲЦտϿһЦ
ȱģŮȻҵѾߣһúôǵģһίδӣֻӸ㣬Ӱȡ
ȱŵ
㡣ȱЦúϲ£졣
ˣҾȸˡ
׹˹֣ī벢Ӷελûæ׵󣬹ޱȡ

ߡ
ǧһŮ׷׹ףÿһŮϣŲõЦݡֱ׵Ӱʧʣ˲Ŀ⣬ȻһԾˮ̶֮С
īǰһǻʽϣҽΪ̫ϳΣ
һ߷Уһʵ
̫ϳϣ
ī֣ãá̫ϳϵı֣ҪߣԲС
ȻͱƿػȨҵλֻܱܱͣߡ
ī
׶ʱüͷѵľء
̸۱ǱȾΪī붼Ҫ֮ϡ׳Ϊôֻܸīһ̫ϳϵְλˡ
ϧī벢ǹ׵ķͷЩץʮΪˡ
գҲΪˡ
īҲ񣬵Ҵñȳҵĸ֮һΪžľʱƹʲôְҾƹʲôְ㿴Σ
һؿī룬īǰίˣ
ѲںˡīˬʴЦζ׵ļ򣬵˵Ӹλζż縺Ÿѹڣֻһ˼ҪѩޣҪȳҵĸףΣѾ縺ˡ
˼ص˵ͷˬӦãҾͰ˵˼졣һ٣īǰģڵһ죬Ҿͻ㲢սҪɱʥȪȣΪУҶԶҡ
īˬЦ߬ȭͷ
ѣȻֱ˴ˣͬ빲ֵܡ
壬ҴȥطǵڵһɽţɽͷͳСʯǸԪʿΪ۴ɽףҲΪĳϡ
īܵ


1623 ۴ɽ
Ԫ۴ɽô΢΢ͷ
۴ɽףǴɽһе̳츳ѪΪڣǣҲܹ컯ɾΧشռһ֮أ޷վڽ˵ĸ֮Ტۡ
֮£ӵŽף츳ѪϣȻҪ۴ɽ׸˦˼֣һεĴڡ
ţɽλһɽ֮Уһɵľ޷塣ɽ䣬ƣһɾ⡣
ʱ˿̣ɽλãǰںƺƵһǰͷһˣȫףüԲ
īڳһϳ˱ǱΪ۴ɽ׵ġʯ
ʯ죬ҹ
ʯڶǰվǳ⡣
ǡ
ʱʯŴ򿪣һȺֳַʿɱټףŭŴСеʯ
ʯͳ죬֪Ҽкιɣ
һ뷢԰ףߣǶʯǰ
кιɣҪʯˣʯˣΣʯСΪ˾磬ʮöԪ˵֮ңѾȥˣӰûп
ʯһֺŭȳ׻˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ҵŰݷãҪʯǲ׼
뷢԰׵߹˹֣ͳ죬ڱչǱ֮Уһʱ˹أģһأһἰʱϢġ
䡭
䣬ʯ͵һȭҶһȭ̺ſ񱩵Ԫֱӽ뷢԰׵߸˳ȥصײ˰ɽʯϣþʯ䣬¡졣
ʯ㲻ҪԼϣϡҸ㣬ʯƺŵʱֱܹ棬ڣʯƺţɽȻҸУͱûȤǰָֻˡ
ĻһҾͲˡ
ʯЦſڵزϿѪʯЦ䡣
ಣಣ
ԶУīˣԶԶؿţɽҪһٵɽ壬ȴǱͻĺĿ⡣
ףô£
ʩչѰۣǧܹɽ̽һ
ţɽ壬ַսˡ
īܿжϡ
ţɽ壿üͷ΢΢
壬֪ţɽԭģͬʱҲͳ졣һʯһʯƺʯƺʯһ嶼۴ɽסΪʯԸһµҲʯҪһЩ
īܵ
΢΢ͷνһɽݶţɽ壬ͳľΪ൱Ȼ˭˭ҲǼΪ顣
֮£ʯԸթƻʩչֶΣ¶ñͨǷȱޡ
ʯƺ࣬ı㡣ܵ˵˲¡
ī۵
ʯƺΪʲôûбΪϣ׺
Ȼʯƺʯ£ʯΪĳϣʯƺûɲΪϡ
֪ţɽҤɽΪԴˮݣĦսʮǰţɽʯƺҤɽһλУɥʯƺҲ˹롣
Ǹʱôŵɱ˵أʯµˣͶҴϲΪ˸ţɽ̤ƽ˺ҤɽһƬء
ī
ײȻ
ԭţɽʯƺͳ죬ҤɽвɥˡҺīϵҤɽ̤ƽˣĻţɽĲ¶һ
ȻʯƺѾˣ˹룬Ϊ֮仹ᱬ׺ؿɽֵʯʯ
ī뵭һЦʯƺȻˣʯƺȴһӣʯ죬ǸţΪ۴ɽף츳ѪʯʯƺҪ߳һء˵ʯѾҪԪˣһɹԪ磬Ϳģʯ˵ȻһвȫǿԤϵġ
۴ɽף
üͷһȤ
īǰϢΣ׼ɽۻ¸߰
á
īһӣһŨҵڤϢϯελ˸䡣
ʱ˵Ϣʧ٣ȥһƬɡ
ণ
Ȼ׵ļϣһֻҹħƾճ֣вϵطֽУƺΪ˷ܵӣһ֣ʹʳڤ
ףʲô
īʧ
ελŮҲҹħª׶ģŵûʧɫ
Ŷҵػսūҹħ
΢΢һЦ͵


1624 ʯ
ػսū
ī벻ɵʧǴ˵еġҹħ˵ɽУҲڹżпһЩصϣϡ档
īҪһ°ҹħ˭ָҹħſ죬¶һɷģ֮£īֻա
壬εõⰵҹħģ
ī˫ʶɢڰҹħһɨظܵҹħۻԵϢȻʥػսū
ī𾪵úϲ£졣
ڻԵɺ֮£а۵һżУⰵҹħżбҽġ
赭д΢΢һЦ
аż
īٶȵһоֱ
аżʲô
ݹ컯ɾ飬һҪаż̽ϧ˭ûĻԵˡ
Ȼײаżһ赭дģ˱ˡ
īǰаż飬˵һȥ֮ҹ̸Ц
ãúá
īŬر侲ٴɰʵס
ǸеӿƽûϵһڻصĶ̶ʮ䣬Ȼӵ˷ḻʵľڣڻԵɺ֮£˴˵еаż
Ľʺޡ
ܿ죬ī˵ߣٶͶţɽɽλá
ʯһȭɵʯվŭضʯſ³һ̲ѪҧгݵʯĪҪ̫
̫
ʯЦһЦʯ׻˵ʶʱΪܣʯƺǲȥҪ㣬˳ң˵ıһԶǰ̡ϧڤ粻飬Ǹ̡
˵ţ͵һȣ̺Ԫƽըףţɽ΢΢ʯ죬ϽҳٲҾҪ˹ȥˡʱ򣬱ĺǲϾɱ
ס֣
ڣһȴţһٻӰԴӶ֮зӶʯǰŭĿӡ
һŮӣһɰȵģէһۣ̲סҪһˮ۵
ʯСȣ
ʯһŶȹʯСȣʱЦ棬Ż׻˵Ůʮ˱䣬ǳԽԽƯˡ
ܵʯе̰֮ɫʯСƲƲ졣
СȣãҪ㡣
ʯ궯˫֣һЦ㵱Ϊ˾ĸʯ죬ʮö󻹵˵֮ǰϢңѾˣΪʲô
ҡỹġ
ʯСϢһϣԥƬ̣ٸµʱ䣬һϢһ塣
ٸµʱ䣿
ʯЦʯСȣ㲻Ҫʶ̧٣ҵҲǺĺ⣬㣬Žʮö󻹵ġͱҲˡ
˵ţһӣʯСȸץ
ǡ
ǡ
ʱ׳һԾͽʯСȸס
ʯҪʲô
ʯСȱݽҧŭʯ
Сȣ۱֣ôҲóƺһʦ壬Ȼֱ̫ʦصˡ
ʯаһЦҪúýѵһ
ʯСֱ£ſһڣޣ㲻õҵأţɽҤɽ𲢣˵õһӭУ㵹ãսһͻȻµĲ峷ˣҪ㣬ҵĸҲս
ѹʯСŭһʱӿССţҪѳʯƴ
ס죡
ʯѵ⣬ʯƺǸçܹᲢۣңʯƺ
죬Ȼ󻹵ҾֻʱѺˡ
ʯ촽ЦСȣֻҪԹҸ̺ˣ˵Ҿͻ󷢴ȱΪҵѹկˣʱ򣬳ĺģٻò
ޣҲŹ㣡
ʯС档
ʯؿһ۶ⲽʯСȵǰĦʯСȹ⻬۵գĮһЦСȣΪ֮󣬿ϧȴһųۿ뻢ڣȴͷڹһҳЦ
ʯСһЦÿ׳һʯʯͲҪ׷ѹˣʵ㣬ҵĸѴŰ˰پ͵͵뿪ţɽʱ˵Ѿ˳ɹʥ٣Ϊʥ
Ҹʱ򣬾ǲģչ׳ӣ
ʯСȵ
žž
䣬ǻĶͽ£˦ʯСȵϣʯСƤѪ


1625 Ҫ
ǻĶ⣬Ź̵Ѫ˳չ䣬ʯСأԽҧݣһԡ
ôСȻ˽ӣҸ˹ղ跹˼γʯжд̣ǧ˾ȻһֻСϺ׸ˣˣ
ʯҧϼ鶯ŭƺҪ˶ɡ
ʯСȣȻĸѾŰ˰پԶ߸߷ˣôͱҷˡҾҪúõ㣬ĥȥΨˣܹƽϢҵͷ֮ޣ
ʯ΢΢˫һ˿аľ
ԶУīˣ۲Űɽľơڿʯһͳ죬ŵĳϣȻΪһ޸֮ŮҪǿ䷢ˮ֮Ϊӱ˼Ϊݡ
ʯû뵽ȻֱӵĻɫϹ˹ۣˡ
ͳ֣Ⱥܻ֮ŵ
īŭ죬ҪԳֽʯɱ
š
׻æǰīǰȱ𼱣ϷŸոտʼ˵ţ׳Ϸʹһɫ
ī̧ͷȥɵǰһ
ס֡
ֻһƽըװıһȫ׵ֳ꣬һ䵶ɱڵسţɽ˶
󣬺ȻŰ˰ٶྫʿ
ǿ쿴ʯˣ
ߣʯãͳҲأһҪĥȥ
ǧ⣬ϸ۲죬ʯƺѾ˳̤Ԫ磬Ϣۻ룬̺ʥ֮
ɽһʿɵ۷׷ס
ʯˣ
ãҵҪ۴ɽڲԪ֮жͣ
ʯתͷ˶ʯһˣɵһЦ΢΢°ͣȫûнʯ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ʯʹŰ˰ٶྫʿʯһ˵Ķ档
ʯ죬ſҵãʲô
ʯƤѪʯСȣ۵ֱ¡
磬Ϊʥˣ
ʯСΪϲʯ졣
š
ʯͷβסۣãһҺܿͻὫȳ㱨ѩޣ
ʯСһЦɵص˵ͷ
ʹ죡
ʯ촽Цʯ죬̯˫֣ߴٵʯ죬ˣҾֱӿżɽˣܹǷʮö󻹵Ҫ黹ʮö󻹵ա
ֻҪ㳥ծ̾˽ʯСȸˡ
䣬ʯһеʿɵõһһĿ࣬ŭضʯ
ʯ㲻ҪʨӴ󿪿ڣҵԼıϢʮö󻹵Ϊʲôһǵʮö󻹵Ҫۣװǡ
ʯ콣üŭ
ǺǣһϣһСƤҸ㣬Ҫ֮ǰʱ黹󻹵ȻᰴԼֻҪʮö󻹵µʱ䣬ӰţԭĿȻԽԽˡ
ʯ޿ֵЦЦʯ죬һ㲻˵ļơ
ʯֱ£Ԫӿһֶ˫˫֮ϡʱһǵĿֲѹϯ𵴣ضɽҡ
ʯĪҪ̫
ʯҧһһֵҾԲȡ֣Ҫʮö󻹵ûС
ʵ㣬ֻö󻹵ҽеĲƱ֮о۵ģѾҵļˡ
ʯһһƿ˳һʯ
ʯһѽӹƿšƿһᣬʱһƢҩӿڱǣʯ΢΢ͷϵζЦȴԽԽʢƺûЭ˼
ʯ죬ڴ򷢽лö󻹵뽫Ҹˣ
ʯҡͷԡ
㾿ҪôʯԪңܶ
ô
ʯЦգȻ㳥ծҾһȫ֮ߡɤӣʯһͶɱʯ˿Ϊ⣬촽˹˵˵ôҲͬѹѡǸˣԸؿܿۡ
ԣҾǲ岢ҵĲ֮Уڽ¾ϯʯСȸӭȢţΪҵС檡һʯҵĴˡȻΪҵĴӣǾһˣծһʹҵߣΪҵĵɽ϶ĺģٻò㿴Σ
ʯЦݹأ͸ʯ카һͼ


1626 ಫ
ʯ콩ԭأһƺҪۿеɳ
ûϵʯ˹ֵҪ
˵ҪʯСӭȢţʯ쵱ԼĴһԴ
ʵʯʵضԴʯСȣҪȻҲὫʯСΪС檣ƫ˶㲻ϡ
ʯĿģ̲ʯĲ壬ΪţɽΨһһͳ졣
ʯǽʯ飬ôǽʯСԨơңӽԼʯԣҲһʯĴѹ޷
磬ңҾҲ̣
ʯСȴһΪҡ
ʯüͷ΢Щͷ
ʯҶɵӣͲȦˡ֪һֱҪң̲ҵĲ壬ǣֻҪһһҾͲЭ
ֻҪϷŹҵĲҵãԸ⵱ԷΪ㿴Σ
ʯ˫ѪȻ̧ͷᶨ
Ŷ
ԣʯɵǰһȻûϵʯһЩϲ⡣
úãҴӦ㣡
ʯһЦѪģֻҪҷĲ壬ԷΪΪһˡ
ʯһֱʯджֻҪʯԷΪΪһˣôʯĲ壬ʯ˵ȫвˡ
ʱţɽȫʯһҶ
Ҫ
磬㲻ôǸ׵ϣɲΪԷΪ
ʯСȼˮ磬š
ԸѪգƴһս
ζӱģ
ʯĲʿһ׷ױԵ
һʱ䣬õضɽҡ
ʯΪжϼһĨЦݣλֵܽãǵˣҾѶκ˶޷ģ
˵ţʯֱʯָͿʼѪġ
ס֡
ʯС˻ƣۿʯҪѪģʯС֮£ֻռ䣬׼˶ϡ
ǺǣСǱ뻵ҵĺ£ʯۼֿ죬һӣһӶʯСȸͬʱһɹʯСȵอ֮УʯСȵĵռ䣬ʯСܡ
ʯСȱֽţԪʧȥ˿ƣֻĬĬᣬ
ܿ죬ʯѪġ
˰ա
ʯ
á
ʯһӣЦŸʲôˡ
£ѺʯСȵļ׳׷׳룬ʯĲʿæǰȥʯСȸס
ߣ
ʯͺһ

ǲߡ
˰پʿһӯɱ޲ʯһಫ
ߣ
ǲߣҲǰװסҪǻڣǲѪͲϣһҪúûȥ
ãҪסĻԶҪ
ʯ
硭ʯСȳʣҲ˵һ
Զĸ߿Уī뼸Ҫȫ׸סˡ
壬ٲ־ˡ
īһ̼
Цеؿī룬īǰΪʯԴ𣿡
ī΢΢һƬ̺󣬲ɵðͷ
Ȼʯ첻ɵϣʯʯСʯĲˣʯҲԷΪ
ȻʯѾѪģһΥᱻΪһˡʯ˵ûʲôµġ
Ǳһˣʯβһ
ʯ˵ҪĲҵΪһˣʹ졣ԣпܣʯʯС벿Զ֮磬ʯಫ
ܹ䲻⣬ʯըˣôʯ׬رˡʵڲУشʯҲ
ڣʱˡ
һƣһȵطţɽɽ
īһؽελãɵظ׵
ְ
ױ˫֣̤ӡ䣬ʹɽ䡣
ৡ
ʱɽʿȫһ˵Ӱ׷Ϊ֮һ
ݼˣ
Ӳμˣ
ڶݵľ֮ɽһʿ׷װڵأ
Ǻǣ˵ٴˣҲǵλ
īָף΢΢̡
ʲôԪ꣬Ȼǵ
⾿ô£ĪһǴ˵еŽ壿
컯ɾŽ𣿿ƺûʲô֮
ڳһʿȫĿؿףһʱԴЩת
Ÿʲôʺˡ
ī벻ͷشߴһ
ݼˣ
ݼˣ
ʱڳһʿʯʯڣȫ˵


1627 η
ȻֻԪ磬ǳէīûһʿ
ң˶׵ݣҲţͶء
գԺǶһˣؾ
Цݺ㣬˵ĸоǳС
˷׷
ǰôˣҲǰһкҵȵʧԶӭˡ
ʯһĵӭǰīҾһΨǴӵĹūģ
ߣţɽҪǰ㱨
īЦһһ仰ҭʯβѣ޲һطȥ
ʯת۾͵̬תҾҽܵţɽͳʯҲŵĳϡӽţɽһȫȫЧ㣬ϵɽ»𺣣ֻҪһ仰ǣ
ϵɽ»𺣣ǣ
ϵɽ»𺣣ǣ
һȺʿˢˢڵأȭᶨ
֮ǰѾʯҪʯĻ򶯡
΢΢һЦҡҡͷǺǣһǳϿˣȻīǰΪĳϣǣһ廨ͷпã̾ܽΪƽ㶮ҵ˼𣿡
׾ӸµʯһȫûнʯļơƺУʯ䲻ϳϵݣֻһ͵ȵƽ
ʯɵϢһϣòͳȻ裬ʱһɫ촽Ƭ̣׵磬ҳײֻǵرұΪ۴ɽף޿ѾԪ쾳磬ΧһѺˡ
вУԶ̫Զˡҡͷԣŵıǿܳһɹȫʯϡ
ʯһײٳ⣬ȴΪˬ
ģҲֻԪ쾳磬ƾʲôƲԪ쾳磿
ȻʯķǳޣϵıȴǼ乧˳˿¶һ˿һĲ֮ɫ
׻˵ڶھҵıҪһ޾η֮ġ۾ߵֻͣҪһǻѪ߳ߺжֵþء
ɱУҲ
׻ϣٿػһת㣬һͳ죬ȻΪһ޸֮Ůʩչĵֶ̲˵Ĳ壬ȾԷΪУʲôǿߣ߹ޣ
һſڣһĭʯϣʯۡ
ʯղŵ־磬Ѿ۵סһòͳ죬Ȼ˱ӣҷǳʧڣֻΪŵĺȺ֮
īͬеĲ
δ䣬ȫһˣȫ㵵ī룬аζӡ
ʯһĲˣһʧ룬ͷð
׻˵¹ѻʽһְȻҪɱӺš
ڹϣʯٲȻײǹڣҪΪƷˡ
ˣҪƲǵͳˣ
ˣ³ˡԭΪǲҪ˳һͳţɽˣû뵽ջһ³
īǰҪͳôͳԲܻͳһţɽͻʯУǷ·ת
ʯһĲˣһᣬ׷Ī
ʯһĲˣϲ⣬һ㵸һڴī룬ȴƲʯ
̫ˣҪΪˣ
˵Ž壬ȴзִ磬һȻеӢۺܣ
ˣԸܹʯС˸
ʯһĲˣȺ۷׷ס

ʯŵɫҰףȫ̱ڵأһ˫ţۣͰ͵ףԩԩʯȻ㲻ʲô˾ӣ踾棬ˡղšղҲֻŻŻʯСȰˣûв֮ģϣĿɼ
ʯһѱһᣬͻıʣϽЩмܲסһʱʧȥ˷ִ磬˵ˡ
̶̵һʱڣʯоԼ˹ɽһһƶˣһֵ˹ȵףʵ̫ĥˡ
ǺǣҸѡ񡣡
촽ʯζһЦһѡֻҪܹһУҾĲ뿪ҵ֮
ڶѡʯһܹʤͬԸ֮
üͷһЦݰȻضʯѡһ
ζʯпһûԥѿڶѡʯһս


1628 ʯС
ѡһжϡ
һǽһУָܹ֮
һʯһսʤ֮󣬾ܹ֮
һѡ񣬿ΪףֻҪһУܹǣ˴˵еŽ壬ʮĹеһĴڣֻ˳̨Ͽɣа۵ķ򴫳УֿžĴȫһ˵ֻԪ쾳ʯˣһЩʥֶмܡ
ʵϣ׾Ͷ֮䣬ܹ˺գֻҪԸ⣬һ֣Ϳ˺ѳһռѷʯС
ԣʯ۵ѡ˽һУô³ǳңעһ
ǡ
ѡʯһսŷǳĻյʤȻ˵ʯıǽ۴ɽף츳ѪҪʯһء
ǣʯϾŸոսԪ磬ǳҪԪ쾳ʯһ£ȻЩۡ
Ϊһ֮Զţԣʯǳǵѡʯһս
á
׺Ǳĵسʯһۣ΢΢ͷӦ
Ȼ׶ʯӲǳмʯѡһУ׹ΪԳݣҲһ˺գʯ֮ǻ΢ŵˮʯһ
ʯѡԪʯս׷ǳƲˡ
ʯ죬Ըս𣿡
תͷЦʯ졣
Ը⣬֮ã
ʯǰ׵ǰҾʯгѪĹâ
ã
׵˵ͷ΢΢һЦȻˣǾͶҵıսֳһ𱰡
䣬ڳʿȫ΢΢һɫŹֵס
׵ıɱ
ײֻԪ磬Ʒʲܷǳ߶ˣԪĸ־һս񳱣һʥߵıܹܵסġ
пܣὫ׵ıֱӳƣ
ʱҲǣ֮ǡ
ҪǾһ°գʯһ
׵ıУʯ죬ʯţȫսɱú졣
Уҿɲ׼ɱٻ˴úɽīƺǿеĵǣҡͷ͵ǷĺˣıƷʣҵıҪ߶ˣƾèĹ򣬸𻵵ı磬ԣǲõǡſֽɱˡ
ʲôıƷʣȻ龳īǰҪ߶ˣôܣīǰڹ̧
ţǵϣŶأ
ôһ˵Һıһˡ
۷׷ף׵ı磬ʮֺ档
λҪûĻͷֿҽҵı
״һӣһεϯɽһ˵ȣȫ˱ڲ
ʯһ˵Ҫ׵ıսпһԸ⣬Ҳûбѡˡ
ಡ
һ̣ɽ佫ǧӰȫ׾˱ڲ
챦ڲŨɽˮȥһƬޱ޼ʵѪӡһֱƶ˾޷壬Ư֮ϣŨҵϢƽһɾη֮顣
ţı𣿾Ȼ˹ޱߣ龳ʿҲûø߶ˣ
ǻīǰĻŻ̬ȣȷ䡣
ţû뵽ǵǿǽʥ磬֪ı罫ɱ䵽ʲô̶ȣ
࣬һп
ʯնޱ޼ʵѪеԱ
Ϊ컯ɾĴ
ʯһипǧ
¡¡
ʱһƯľ޷壬˷˶˵Ľ¡
λ
֮ϣһ˰Ƭյ۳ΣȻ׵ӣҸǰ˹սΣա
ɽۣ֮ȻڷһʯΣȻʱûġ
ಣ
£īһȣʲõϯ
ʯĲʿʯĲʿҲ׷״ҵ¡
ʯСϵ˿ʱ׸ʯʯСҲû벻Ҫ˶ϣ˫ֺʮŸʯܹյʤ
λ׼ˣͿʼա
׵ӣ˰ƬգʱնʯʯӰ



1629 տ
ʯ۱֣ҵʦ壬ǣгһܹһˡ
գԸˣҶȫԸģ
ʯԪӿ͵ʥϯ𵴣ضɽҡ
Ǻǣ˵һֱҵжд̣һݳĻᣬȻ顣
ʯ죬ģܹܿĸžˡ
ʯ΢΢̣ʾǿġ
һһɫķͳУʱһϯտɫâ俪·յգʥѹסʯһͷ
տ벽ʥ
ɽ֮ϣʯСȲɵһʧнŲѡ
ʯھΪϣѹƳʯһͷһ벽ʥտ֣ʯ켸ûսʤ֮Ļᡣ
ϡһʯһֱӽһд󵶸˳д󵶲һƷʥʯտòһǰ㡣
ɱ
ǧΣ
ʯһתԪȳ֣ʱտ֮Ľ˲ͻûΣʯϯȥ
ɨǧ
ʯ첻ʾеĿд󵶣ͣηĽʯ
顭
𵴣ХʯϣܿѿһѪӣѪʯ첻ܲˣʯ
˭룬ʯһתһ̲ѪĽһںϾѪܿγһɿֲѪɫ磬ֱӽʯС
ͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ʱķзɱʯ죬ƺҪʯѪ֮ɱһ̲⡣
ۡ
ʯſһѪһʱȫˡ
Ҫ
Զɽۣ֮ʯСȷһҺɫ԰ֽ
ϾԪ磬ǳǾΪеķս飬ʯҪһأ
һͳֳһߵ̬ƣѵҪʯ𣿡
һˣͲˡ
۷׷ףܶʿΪʯһѺ
ʯĲʿȴЦг죬һ޿ֵбʯĲˡ
ʱ䶸
߾
۱ף壡
ֻһƽرȣʯƤ⿪ѵʱһ㵭ɫۼףܿ죬ʯӣȫһ׸С
ͻһĻڳĹȫΪ֮һ
֮ϣ׻ûɵӴӣɵĿ¶棬һ˼ضʯ죬զ̾СӣȻܹò˵СӵĽ۱ףҵϽ֮ͬ
Ϊ͵ʯ졣
һ̣۴ɽ׵츳չ˳ȫ
ȻˣȻʯĽ۱ף׵Ͻ۷ǳ񣬵ǣ֮űʵĲ
׵Ͻ۱ףƷʣ̬Ҫ۱׺üΡʯܹ󼰵Ĵڡ
һԪʥ˵۱׻Ƿǳġ
ϣϣϣ
ӵн۱׻ʯ죬һΣʱҧѪɫ磬һˣʯǰ

ʯɫ䣬ش߶еտʯԴ£һУʯ콫̼һغ
ƣ
ʯη壬͵һϣ󿪴ϣֻϵһ죬ʯеտΪ֮һЩֶɡ
ͬʱһɺѪˮԴʯ󻢿ڴĿġ
ʯһΣЩɶ
ʯ죬ʯӲƴһǣξȻһ٣ٶȷ˶ϡ
ʯ컹ҪռϷ硣
ɱ
ʯķ̳ʯƺսηʱ˿ٶϣеĿд󵶴󿪴ϣƺҪʯɶϡ
ռϷˣ
ڽԪ֮󣬾Ȼܹû۱ף
̫ˣǽսƺҪռƣʯΪ۴ɽףҪ·磬óԶս
ɽ䣬ʯĲˣһ߬ȭͷȸԾ

Ȼֻһ̶Ľʯеտֱӱʯ˳ȥ
ʯ壬ҲƶߵķһӸ߿׹ؿڵ罦ѤõѪ
ʯ죬ؿڲλۼף䣬һǵĽۣȫ߲λûн۱׵ػʯѱնɱˡ
ۡ
ʯҺһֱֱصѪ֮УãסΣҧгݵŸ߿дڴϢʯ졣
СӣƺСˡ
ʯѽѣɱߣһ㳢ҵ
𡭡
ȻûʯտУģһ춯صХֱ˸εѡ


1630 ۱
ͻХڳһ˵ȣȫпһεѡ
ţһˮһԼĪǧɵѪɫ͵شѪ֮зӶһͣצѪ֮ϡ
𣬺𡭡
ÿһХ̺ž춯صʥԶ޷ϵһʿŵ˫ȷз
ţʲôΪʲôѪڲŴ˵еѪɫ
ܹаѪɫͣÿֲ
ı磬ΪλѪɫѵѪɫս裿δҲ̫ˡ
ʯĲ壬ʯĲ壬ʱ˿̣ȫŵɫɢ

׹Ѫеʯ͵һѪɫۻ룬ʱŵȡ
û취ѪɫÿһӵԪ۷Ϊ죬ҪɱκһѪɫնɱʯ⼸ǲɵ顣
ʯĺȣ֮ϻûɵӣʼն޶ԣһζЦ⣬ƺµԹۡ
𡭡
һѪɫ˶£צ裬ƺҪʯץס
ʯŵõɶ𣬷سԶӴܡʱѪɫŭХһ׷ɱ
Ⱦͳգٲ֣ûˣ
֣
ʯĲˣһʯ׷ɱûŤתƵĻᣬʱ׷װڵأɫ̼ع
֮ϣ׵ӼһĨЦĵҵѪɫȻңһһƢ꣬ǶѪ˯ʮְȴʯˣȻҪ־͹ʯۣûѪɫ
ӴܵʯɵһЦ
ģĶ֪ƬѪ˯ŰѪɫ
Ҫ֪ĻʯҲһƬҰ϶ԶԶġ
±ԹҲûˣֻ׾Ѫɫֹֹͣ׷ɱĻʯ»üսʤʯ죬ѾΪѪɫĸʳˡ
ǺǣСӣࡣīеʯϣЦеԶ־硣
ͬʱ߿еʯ죬һӻͳһö鵤УתԪܿ죬Ľˣۿӵٶȣɿ
һͻָ
𣬺𡭡
ʯָƵһ룬׷ˣѪɫǲˣҲˡ
׷ʯѪɫʱͺһ鲻ԸתһͷѪ
ʯŵɫҰףЩɢ
סΣŷڵԪڷ֮Уȼһ룬Ѿʣ޼ˣʱЩᡣ
տ
ʯһտҪϸ߿գʯս

Ȼһ̣ʯһĻˡȥһѪɫצ֮УȻץտǳ˷ܵ»裬ƺտһߡ
ҵտ
ʯϢһϣЦõԶյѪɫһʱЩ޲ߡ
ȻѪɫûĨȥտڲѪ֮񣬽ΪСǣʯҲóȻٻտǿдѪɫнտ
֪ߵѪɫһ᲻Ὣʯһߣ
ġ
ʯҧгݣͷȻԹԣȴҷ
û취²òͷֻҪҶױֳһ˿һĲ̾ͻҪ
ԣ׸ʲô⣬ֻĬĬܣԽԽӵ龳£սʤʯ죬һл֮
ʯ
ֻһȣʯػеĿд󵶣ʯɱ
ʯ̤ԶշӶȥ
У˴ܾô˭֪һѪɫ᲻ҡ
ʯѪɫΧսȫҿԣҪԶԶС
ಣಣ
£ʯʯһ׷ս˾ǣ׷ɱĶǾߵʯ׷ɱȴǳԪʯ졣
壬æǡī
¡¡
ʱƯľ޷壬Ѹײڶ֮ƳԶϯȥһ·ϼƽȣɽ֮ϵʿܲһĵ
׵ıУ׾ףһ֮䣬ܹժ£컻ա
飬ֻһͷܹ㶨顣
վס
С֣׷
ʣԶԶĴһЦԷǡ
ڣ׷˰ʱ֮ʯŲһ٣ͣ˽Ųţһһǹ˳
ǹһʥƷķȻȲϰ벽ʥտܺùֿȭ


1631 ԽսԽ
ߣҾûտһܹնɱС֣
ʯһŷ˶ʯ죬ɫ
ɱ
ʯ쿴ʯͣ˽ŲҲϻһͷػеĿд󵶣ؿɱʯ
ϡ
ʱһĽʯʯһԶսһⲫذĽ
տʯƱòʮԣңսԽãƣ̬¶Խǳס
֮£ʯԽսԽ£ԽսԽѪܹУƫ棬ʯȫްԣ𽥵лңӡ
ԶɽϣʯĲˣһЦʱطһ󻶺ʯĲˣһɫأײ
䡭
ڣƴɱһʱ֮ٶһӲӲĽƻײ򣬿񱩵񳱣ϯþ죬𵴡
Һ׵ı㹻ȶĻпܻӦѡ
ۡʯҺһһֱֱӱ˳ȥҲ̱ڵأӸ߿׹¡
ʯҲòĶȥؿλãдǰᴩڴСѪˮͷһ罦Ѫէһۣ;ôĿġ
ʯ첻ͬǣʯֱӱԶеһɽ壬һһͷײھ޷ɽŴʯ䣬ܿͽʯ

磡
ʯĲˣʯСڣȫȻվһ٣ҡ
ͳ죡
ͳ죡
ʯĲˣҲҧа
̳ɢ䣬Ӱöδվÿһڶ
ڡ
ȣ
ֻһıըʯȴӱľʯվȫѪؿڲλĹͷһ飬ģǳֲ
ͳ죬ͳ컹ţ
̫ˣҾ֪ͳ첻䣡
ʯĲˣһ˷ܵ㵸
ʱʯСһˣȫ߬ȭͷʯ׹Ѫ
С֣㲻սʤҵģұС磬ǿ͹۴ڵĲ࣬ƾһǻѪֲܹģ
ʯţЦһͳһ鵤һУš
ণ
ʱһŭȻʯȻһ
ţʲô
Ѫɫĥ֮ʯѾ÷ǳжκεĴˡ
ণ
һһ̣һȫɫһֵĵȣƾմɽһѨзӶŭ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫȵӰסˡ
ǵȣʥĴڣ
ףôıУīǰ𣿡
ˣͳƺ߶˵ȣ군ˣһŭַӾܹնɱͳˣ
ʯĲˣһĻңҪ޳
Ǻǣ˭˵һ棿⵶ȱ棬ֻǰʱ䱻ҿؽˡ
īЦһĮؽ͵
ʯһĲˣɵõһϵɫѿ
û뵽׻˰ѪɫΪսҲͰˣȻʥĵȣ׻棡
Ҫ֪ײֻԪ簡ֱһ
ԸȲҪŭĻͳ군ˣʯһϰ

ʯһɽĵȣʱŵɫֽŷ
⵶ȿҪѪɫ¶ˣ۾ΪȿʥĴڣԸʯѹơ
ѽ۵ĶոѪɫƵȣ㲻֪ɽĵײ̶УŽ׻ȳ深ĳµã޷屻ײһ֣ʯ̶ֱ֮УҪǱ飬һְܹæ㷸˲÷ĴҲﲻ㣬ֻรˡ
׻ûɵӣЦһʯȫ޶ԡ
׵УȿҪʯҪˣʯ˿ģȱ꣬Ǿǲܵ顣
ণ
ʳһ˶£ʯǰһλεֵʯǰƺ̾Ҫʯ⽴
ʯ̱ڵأؿͷ
ণ
ȽһΪмطƺԸʯԼ֡
лǰɱ֮лл
ʯһڿն𣬵ʱϲЦտһ
ণণণণণ
Ȼһ̣ʯץˡɽĶѨУطɳ˴ƬƬĽ׻ȳ棬飬żĿڵʯ


1632 
ʯʱһЩĸо
ԭΪŅ֣̀һ·ˣûϵֻԼ֣ԲٻĽ׻ȳѵ
Ȼ˵Ľ׻ȳ棬Ϊ壬ǣмֻ׻ȳһգۼͿԽʯɸɾһĹͷʣ
ণণণণ
üֻ׻ȳ棬һҲƵʯٲȻ˺ѵļһＫҪ̻
ۡ
ʯҺһǿŷӶ𣬷ҲƵسԶշӶȥ
ϧʯˣ¾ȼѪɶݣٶҲڣܿͱƬƬĽ׻ȳûһ춯صĲҺ˿
ǡ
ʯϴŵһɫףڽ׻ȳĿ֮£ϵطһ죬ܿ죬͵ɫףͱҧһۿӵٶȹѣ𻵡
һɫ׳𻵣ôʯѪ̳֮ΪȺĸʳ
Զɽ䣬ʯһĲˣһʯ֮ʱɥ׷״λվ˫ֱȭϽȾǵͳգٲȣͳҪˡ
ԮȣҵȵӸм
£ҵȲ
ǧˣڵأ˫ֱȭܹԮȡ
֮ϣ׻ûɵӴӣ΢ƣЦЦʵʯŪ˲ٳѣҪǲһ˵϶˵ȥġ
ɣǵ˭Ըվ滻ʯΪȺĸʳôҾͿóȺŹʯ
Цеɽǧˡ
ʯͳĲˣȫһһɫҰ׵Ӷͷ৶䡣
ֻҪܹվʯ׾ͿԷʯһ·
δҲ̫Ͽˡ
κһʿϧ˭ԸƽԼһҪɣΪȺĸʳ
ױĿɨ֮£ʯ£ȫײʱ䣬ûһվԸΪʯ
֮ϣ׻ûɵӣЦһҡҡͷ
ʵĽ׵Ԥ֮ˡ
ʯ֮ǰ֮µˣ֮Ϊ飬ǵʯ֮ǽʧȥɽ޷ţɽˡ
ҪʯȴûһԸ⡣
˵ʲô
˵ʯ£ûһҸ嵨ʿһЩǽͷݡ
ʵϣʯƣ˽ļթСˣģĸԸΪ
ʲôͳ죬ʲôı䡣
ȣ
ȻԶѪ֮УһӰ͵ˮ˵Ŀ˹ȥ
ǿ쿴
̫ˣţ
Ҿ˵࣬ǲɥġ
ɽ䣬ڵһʱͷˮӰʯ죬ʱʯĲˣһ㵸˷ܲѡ
ʯĲˣͷһ˿ԤС

ʯҧأ˲̳ҩʧȥһֱ۸ͳ֮ϵ׿̧֣ʯһ
䣬ȫΪ֮һ
ʯȻΪʯ飿
˿ʯͲÿʯźáû뵽ȻΪʯ飬ǳ˵ϡ
ΪʲôüͷһΪ档
Ҫ˶
ʯ
á
׵һЦһʬ壬Һʹ͸ȺƽϢеŭ𡣡
ʯæͷӦ
ȣְͣա
ড
Ȳ鲻ԸصһԭҧĽ׻ȳ棬׷׳ˣʳᣬʯ˼ȦվԷ˰ɽһѨ֮С
ۡ
ʯɫףʱ˿̣ѲӰҿȺʱ˱ܣĻֻ輸ʱ䣬ʧȥɫػʯҪɵһɶˡ
ʯ죬òȣ
ʯ۵һ³һ̲ѪϢ٣΢΢̧ͷŭؿʯ졣
ʱ˿̣ʯԪľɫҲ𻵣û˼սǰ˳ȺҲʯĶ֡
ʯҪֽ㡣
ʯЦ͵ҧ⣬Ųش壬ҡҡλεطʯʯ죬ͬǿ֮ĩ
Ǳʯһηɱֱܡ
һ˲䣬ʯڵѪƻɽ緢һطʯʹΨһĨɱԺ

ҡҡληӶʯ죬ʯͺһƴȫӳһǹ
͵һǹ׾ٵʯţǰᴩѪӿ


1633 Ӣ
ʯһ֣طЦ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһһ̵ؿ߿бһǹᴩʯ졣
Ϊʲô㣿
ˣҲѾǿ֮ĩˣֱһǹᴩƱؽ֮ǡ
ǧ
ɽ䣬ʯµĲˣһѽѣ͵߬ȭͷ
ʯ죬վҵ°ܽʯųǹ΢΢ѵ³һ仰ϵЦȴá
Ǻǣ𣿡
ʯЦһ͵سʯȥͣؿڴǹᴩѪʱһ˺ѵ죬ѪǾһӿ
ʯǿؿڴʹһʯǰӸµظʯ΢΢
ܵʯĹЦݣʯɵһͷ৶䡣
㣬㡭
ʯſڽ࣬ͷ
飡飡
ʯ˦ʯպףƤѪյѪ罦νĿġ
óҵɱ⣬
úãʯɽУ
ʯѾɥʧսȻΪϵ⣬׸ˡ
ɽ䣬ʯĲˣһӯΪʯֶνкá
ò˵ʯһݽɫ
ƣΪʯСȴġʯضҵʯϳ˵ҵãҾͻ㸶ٱĴۣ
˵ţžžžžһİ£ÿһƣž죬Ƥ
һʱ䣬㼸ٸĶ£ʯ׵ĺһֻͷһѪģİ׵ںһ˲⧿
硭
ʯСȲöЦŸ߿ƴΪԼĸ磬ůůģ̵ˮֹסػ䣬ǣʯСȴеǰδеҸ
С֣ҪɱҪУϤ㣬ֻ㲻Ҫĥĥĥҡ
ʯϢ٣Ʒвʱʯĥ£ν޲̻졣
Ǻǣûôף
ʯЦһؿ͵һϵһʯŵĳǹʱʯڲһǰᴩѪӿ
ء
ʯҺһЩ۵ûʹȥһ̲һ̱ڵء
ʯ̸۱ҵ壬ұӦ㹧мӣǣΪһ֮˽⽫ҵĸٲ֮ͼ̲׵Ĳ壬Ŀ
ڣҾҪΪҵĸףҪһ˵
ʯǵʯǰ΢΢˫УӹһĨ֮ɫ
СҲŹ㡭ʯŭһڡ
飡
һ̣һĻߣƫеػʯԴֻһ죬ʯԴͺƱըһȻķѡ
Ѫ俪֮䣬ѪŨ
쿴ɹնɱʯ̫ˣӮˣ
ΪӢۣΪţɽΨһһͳ죡
׻˵ɻʯǶж񱨣Ǵģ
ɽ䣬ʯĲˣһϲЦտӵһ䡣
ʯĲˣǱ˳˻һһɫɥ̱ڵأҪ౯ж౯ࡣ
ʯˣΨһĿɽûˡ
˵ǽΪʯƷʯĲɱ
ԶһĳĽ׻ȳ棬ʯɥһ̣ȿֺط˶̰سʯѪ֮ӶȥؿʥѪ⡣
ʥѪ⣬ڽ׻ȳ˵ǲɶõĴ֮
ף㱨ˡ
ԶʯͨһڵأŲ񷣬£ֹסʶš
ɵúã
֮ϣ׻ûɵ¶һĨЦݡ
λա
һһεֱϯڳһ˵ȣȫ˳
ţɽɽ
ǧڣڴˡ


ʯĲˣһ̱ڵصʯ죬æӵǰĿ¶֮ɫ
״ǵʯ죬һһƿݸʯ졣

ʯһףæ֧ҪվȻ˼ζδܳɹһԵ˻æְ˽ŵؽ
һȪȥˣȡտ
΢΢һЦеĴƿݸʯ졣
Ȫ
ʯ첻ɵ΢΢һ
ڳĲˣҲĿסȪںĵشĺУǲɶõıһ֣ͽһȪʹ͸ʯ죬˸еȡ
ӽţɽͳ죬ͬʱҲŵĳϣͲҪٿˡ
һЦʯļ򣬡һٿᣬԲΪĳϵģ


1634 ı
񰮣¸м
ӽҶж£첿壬ȫȫΪЧϵɽ»𺣣ǣ
ʯһڵأɫϾ
飡飡飡飡飡
ʱʯĲˣҲ׷ϯض˫ֱȭģȫȫΪЧϵɽ»𺣣ǣ
ǡ
ƴ䣬˸оѪڡ
ã
ЦҿһȺ֮ʿǷģӽһڳԵģͲǶţ
Ц
ʯµĲˣʱӶЦжþжá
ʯСؽƿպãͳ˼ö鵤˿Уʼˣһʱ䣬ʯϵƤ֮ˣۿӵٶ԰ֽɫҲÿࡣ


ʱʯĲˣڵأһÿסһ뷢԰׵ϣ˫ֱȭܹ⿪һ·£
˵ţۣͷ
⿪һ·
⿪һ·
ǧˣߵݣϣס
׵ȻһЦ˫֣ûãҪʯգֻҪԸһ·Ҿ
䣬ৣڳʿĿȫתʯ졣
ˣʯ𣬴˷϶ҪǸϾɱˣ
֮ǰΪûٸһЩ£ʯǺ֮ǣ
Ըʯܹһ棬ĻǾֻкЦȪˡ
ʯĲˣһȵĿ⿴ʯ졣
磬㲻ڵʱһû۸ǣڱĻˣɲҪʯСȴսʯԣСԹһ䡣
ʯü΢һʱ⡣
ǧ˵ĿУʯǰУĿ絶˵һһɨÿɨһˣ˰أһ̺ų޵Ŀ⡣
ȻţɽĲ壬һֱˮݣĦҵĸײ֮ǸΪʯצǲ壬ͼǲ̲
ʯϣвȫпһԴ֪׶༪ˡ
˾ʯζһЦɤӣȻһתȻǸ˲ٵĻ£ԸţǶȲѶΪ֮ԣﲻ
ڸѡ񡣡
һѡҵĲ壬ǣŮףǳֻܴ𡣡
һѡ񣬾뿪Ӵ˾ˮˮ
ʯ
䣬ʯµһǧˣȫɫϲһȫöûܷӦ
ʲôʯȻһ棬һ·ˣ̫ˣ
ʯĳȻܹԭЩӯˣʵ壬ҾˣҪ׷ʯ죡
Ҫ뿪ȥĶƾǵʵжֻкʬҰķݣЧʯ졣Ȼֻܴ𣬵ʯ֮ʿһͷ
ܿ죬еĲˣʹһ¡
ܹһǧˣûһˣѡ뿪ȫѡǵţɽ׷µͳ조ʯ족´͵ȵҲԹԡ
Ӱݼͳˣлͳ첻ɱ֮
Ӱݼͳˣлͳ첻ɱ֮
ܿ죬ɽ䣬һƴĺضɽҡ
ã
ʯͷһЦзǳ⡣תͷѯʵס
ױ˫֣΢΢ͷͬ
ò˵ʯȻֻһԪС󣬼ԦģһףǸɴĶ֮š
ղţ֮ҪʯĲˣʯ죬ʯһ顣
ʯֱӽеĲ˸Ͼɱô׾ͻʯǸ࣬ıǷȱç丸һδĳɾͷǳޡ
û뵽ʯȻǳõذᣬ£ģõжԵĲˣȫ˳Լ׳ţɽ
׹Ŀ࿴ˣʯǸıĶ֮š
ãһǻ켯ͭӣʱʿҪμĵǻʽ
ī΢΢һЦһ

ǡ
ڳһʿȫعӦ˿ĵ
ߡ
𣬽̤ī벢Уһʧʡ
ʯʯС˲ңңԶȥӰĿ룬öδܻعֱҲ׵ıӰ¶һĨҸЦݣ


1635 
ಣಣ
ī벢Уһ·˵Ц
Ǻǣ塣ǺֶΣһþԵóϷȻֽ˰һ˰ðһж¡ţֽʯΪĳϣţɽĲˣء
ҿһٿᣬƾΪû˻ᷴˡ
īЦû˻ᷴԣڣ֮λ򡣡
׵һЦǿδأҳէҪ£ģţס
īҡͷԣ壬㲻ҪԷƱʵϣɹǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶ֮ĺΪ˴ƾݣͱҸš
ټֶΣţڲűһҪʤһ
īһ˵
ʵϣīԤıڴ·ԲĽɽ֮ī벢ûкķѺܶľµҲûרųʱϴϥ̸£ġ
ī֮ôΪԺ֮󣬸λ
īǰˣұԶպҪЯСǫѷ
īͷһЦ
Ŷˡ
Ȼʲôʵīǰ˵ľ
ľ
īգգ۾
ľһܹⷨ˵ġľĿ£ûʿܹľͿԲǷҳϡ
׵
ľǳá𽣶ľ¼ɢǷģûд©
ŶһΪʲôԭľáīҡͷһЦһһɫ˳׵ǰ΢΢һΣ塭ʱɫһö
̺һصħܹƻģ˻㱼ҡҷ
ľࡣֻҪ˵ѣܹԳƷʣҪľߵöࡣ
ī

׸еǳֽɫУ
ϣԿСģǳ
ҪһѪҺ֮󣬲ܹںϢвѡī͵
׵˵ͷֽݸī롣
Ȼ󣬵ټΧ򣬻Χռ䣬ֻҪЩĺ壬л
īһһʮ
׺治ѣ̺Ļ󣬷ǳ£¾龳ĲʦҲδܹĦöΪλ֮
ڶݵĹ۲֮£ѾŪĹԭ
УԿŷǳĻֻҪںһѪܹʿϢʿƻڻ֮УʶȫΡһ˵ѣܹ̾졣
ȻˣǱķҪʿѪڲĻԼá
Ļ޷Чġ
īƺеɻ󣬵͵۸֣Ҳ޷ͳΪ컯ɾеͳģǵһɽɽġ
׵һȻ
ԭǵһɽӴ˵еɽģѹ
ɽ粢ټȻ컯ɾǳ󣬵ڴ˵еɽڲȴڱȽϵͶ˵ĲѷԺܶһɽУܶж
īǰΪҲ׺
Ŷҵ˵
īɤɳơ
΢΢ͷû뵽һСģīʹ
壬ǽҪǰĵطɫɭ֡ŵĶϣסɫɭ֮С
ǧɾǧǧɾС
ī򵥵ؽܵ
ǧУ
һЦЦָˡ
˼գīһƬѹѹĺɫɭ֣˾ǣƬɫɭֵϿգһ㵭ĺɭڲ˲ںڰһ
ѹֽɫɭ֣Ƭɭֺ֣ϿվȻƯŵĺʩչѰۣ׾ʹ˺ɭڲ
ֺǺɫɭеһ֡ɢܹľָߡ
ī͵Կɫɭ֮У֮⣬бĲеҲһЩԵľֲ
棬һְԵֲǶֲʿޣ˾


1636 ֮
ߡ
īףźɫɭֵӶȥһ߷Уһ߸׽ܵ壬ʵһַǳԵĹֻҪﵽ꣬ôܹû
üͷһЩ
ֻҪﵽܹ꣬û˫
ҪûǳѡҪĻԵɺϣµĿ޲С
Щǧľ޷ɹûû뵽ﵽܹ꣬һٻû
ȻܳǣûɵһЩͽ׵СˡҪͬҪµ
óټһѺܹ֡͵Ϯʤʩչʤǿ
ī
ɫɭж׵˵ͷһӡ
ǧֻڼβпս˲٣ֻʣһǧֻī벹ʵɫɭԭһֻȻֻԪΪΪóһѺ֡
ϧһʨֵܵļսУҵˡһȺףһɢɳ
ī̾Ϣһ
𣿡üͷ壬һ˭ͳ죿
ĺɫɭ֣ܹ䣬һǲͳڣһǧͽһǧͳڣͬǧӡһ壬Ҳһǧֻ
ǧ˫޵£ɥһǧͳ졣
īܵ
΢΢ͷʵǧ벻УԶʲôΪ
ǧ벻һԪΪУΪǧת츳Ҫһǳǧ
ī

΢΢һЦǧΪǧбΪǧ˶Ԫ쾳磬ҵЯ£Ҫ˶ãܹ磬ʱžͶλʥ
īЦŵͷ
ܿ죬˾һϿգӸ߿ոӶ£Կݣǧ̬壬䡣֮УвٵĹ֣ɫ޵
￪ĵطǽһԻ͵Ľ̴С澭
ö˵īѾڵĴӪˡ
ֵζǣڵĴӪȻԶల¡
֣Ϊʲôǧӭǣ
īüͷ΢ѵһںɫɭУ
ī붼ûڲϢڵϿգԲǧΪӦͷ˲Ŷԡ
ն˫֣ȻЦû˿ļ͡
Уǧݵӭӣ
īŭһͬʱһɿֲ龳ѹϯ£õضɽҡ
ˣˣ
ӭݹ٣
Ӽ
ֲܵѹڵĵӣ׷׷ɱϯض򣬳Ÿ߿еī׹
ͬʱǧΰ͸ҲΪһϯϯعݡ
ಣಣ
ţһһӰҲ½ڵһзӶ䣬ͷīǰ
ǧӭʧԶӭˡ
һοݣɫ۵İͷ
ڲУӭݹ٣һͷ͹ӣǳֻۣʮģ۲ת䣬һֶµ졣
ʣΪôųӭݣѲɣǵУûнҷīͷһͨ
ңҡ
ǧ벻ŵҾͷ৶䡣
ǸղΪ֮֮ģܹµϣӶһµ
Ϊȫעûע⵽ˡ
н͵
֮ģīüͷһɫ
Ҳᣬǽһ£λŽ壬ܿҪٿǻ䣬ʽǻ
īָףЦŸǧ벻нܵ
Ž壿ǵ
ţǴ˵ڳ̨һʶӵŽ壿ҪΪǵ
ǧ벻ȫΪ֮һһ˼ضףٲȻûϵ紫˵еһֻԪ硣
Ԫ磬ܹһʶ̨ھŲ̨ףֿž츳ֱš
ǧŵĶϣݼˡ
οݵİͷ첽ǰչڵأߵŰݡ
²Уŵϣݼˡ
ཱུĲУЦظߵŰݡ
񡣡
ǰ˲ӽǾһˣˡ
ǧ벻ЦŵͷӦ
ܹΪҲֵø˵顣


1637 Ϸ
ϣղ˵֮ģʲôЦʵ
֮ᾧɥ֮ǽ֮Ƶرҹܹ֮ҵһˣڣӶµ
һһʮؽ͵
ֻҪ˵ں֮ģܹɱΪ𣿡
գգ۾
û
ǧͷ
ߣȥ״һӡ
£ǧ벻ī룬ԳڷӶȥ
ڡһ塢ڵĵӣ׷ԣӭ״ݹ١
ڵ߽߳ʮָӣڲе£ֱӴӸ߿нǰĹ㳡
㳡룬ڷһ̨ȼ̴㡣̨֮ϣԿһԲ̴СˮƯڼ̨֮ϣˮڲȻһϺɫ࣬ԹĽ࣬ͨͨš
ڹ㳡֮ϣڷǧֻţԭڵС֮ĵط
ʱΪ׵ĵտҲеķͽȫӭվԣӭ׵Ĵݡ
һ˽㳡û֮ǧͽǧԼǧڵĵӣȫ˹㳡֮ϣȴ׵ָʾ
׸һأʹǵ֮ĵǰɢʶ̽ˮڲ֮ġ
̺֮ƺڲʧȥҪ𡣡ɫϾ
ӷ˵û
е˵ͷ֮̾ģҪһڣ޷ҵһʵΪӰˣôͻ١
ʱһͽʧȥ峤ˡ
תͷǧͽŸʲôŸ֮𾭡
ǡ
ǡ
£ڵǧͽ׷ҵԵţϯضͳһ飬ʼ۾ŷ𾭡
ʱ㳡Ͽգƣ˳Уƽ͡
еȫվΪΣȴ֮ĵѡ
ǧǧһ
ʱǧǵ֮ǰĹ㳡ϣվΪĸߵ𱰣ϯضһ˫ֺʮĿ¶ϵضˮڲ֮ġ
ܿ죬֮ڵˮ򣬾͵תһ㱡Ĺâɢ£ǧͷš
п첽ߵһڷͽ֮ǰϯضʼȫע𾭡
סī롢ǧˣվһԣԲ
𣬺𡭡
Ȼ׵ıڲɳѪɫһ춯صХƾ𣬺һŵڳһڷͽ塢ȫȻһɢ
ţǴ˵еѪɫ𣿡
ѪɫΪλ⣿
죬׼ս
㳡ϣȺɧһƬҡ
ĪҪš
΢΢һЦɤ̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ÿһʿĶϣЩѪɫİ壬˺ǡ
ȫһһùŹֵס
˵λ嶥˵ѪɫȻİ壿
ǧɵһۣе𾪼Ա
˵ģѪɫͲǲǧܹĴڡ
ȻѪɫȴֻİˡ
ɴ˿ɼжôĿֲ
Ѫɫǳ
׽üЩŭŸ߿ͣѪɫ
໡
ѪɫϷŷ⣬һͣ
ѪɫϬףʱȻ֪ѪɫΪʲôҪ
壬ô£
īɻؿס
ŶѪɫʥʱ飬ڷͽ𾭣̲סҪͽһͬ𾭡
׿Цá
ʲôѪɫҪͽһ𾭣
īһ
ǧĿŴͣԼĶ䡣
Ѫɫʥ
ΪǧĲУضŸ߿צѪɫ֮һզпѹҴѪɫڣܵһǿķӳ֣ԭǵõѪķ֡
ѪǷҵı侫ΪʥѪɫںʥʱ飬ȻǷǿķӳ֡
ѪɫȻҷԵǼǣһͬΪ֮ɡ
Цݺؿס
Ҳá
׵˵ͷӦ
𣬺𡭡
Ѫɫڵõ׵׼֮󣬶ʱϲצط˶£ż̨ϯ
ס֡
ǧһǧɵѪɫӶʱһ󾪻ţæڼ̨֮ǰĿ¶ŭ
ҲɫŹֵؿס
ѪɫļƣƺҪ֮Ҫһڽ֮븹С
Ŷˡ
һѪɫһ󣬶ʱЦŽ͵ҵѪɫȻ֣𾭣ǣʽ
ʽ
ǧȫ΢΢һ
û
׵ͷһЦϷ顣
Ϸ飿
лȻԭѪɫϷ飬Ϊ֣пܻ֮Ĵǿ
ǧҪСİ
ǧ鲻Ըÿ߲һ䡣
׵ͷһЦ
ʱǧɵѪɫӶ£ż̨·裬һϢעˮڲ
ʱԲ̴СˮϢĴ£´ܶ䡣
һʱ䣬̨ɢǿҵķ⣬ˮڲ֮ģҲҵԭȻΪʢ
ףǿ쿴ˣ
֮ĵƺǿˣһ漣
û뵽֣Ȼ֮ˣ
ڳһ˵ȣȫϲż̨Ͽյ֮ġ
ǧͽϵ棬ȻûѪɫ֮úأ
ż̨ϵ񼣣ã̾Ϣһ
ǰǴæˡһлĴ£
ǧβ촽ǰۿʪ
ǺǣⲻǾ֮Ͱˣҳݡ
Ĵǧļ򣬰ο
ಣ
Ȼˮڲһ۵Ĺą̂µǧ
ʱǧ˫ֺʮǱĵȫһӿֳһĨ
ˮһĹâǧתգ۳һȺŵһŮϡ
ৡ
ʱʿĿ⣬ȫ۽Ůϡ
쿴֮ˣƺѾµˡ
ţŮֻл磬һУΪͽ׵Ĵڣû뵽֮ĻѡΪһ
֮ĿеĲǾΪǴ飬ֻԽ飬ʱܹ°빦ܹں֮֮󣬲ųⷴӦŮΪһһŮ
֪Ů壬ܷܵס֮ģ
۷׷ףÿһŮУ¶һĨĽʺ޵ɫ
࣡
ٿأһڼ̨ϵˮ򣬶ȻһȭͷСĿţһǿϯӲŮˮС
ȥֻоŮΪһˮڲʼһ̲ͣںϡ
̫ˣ֮ڷӳ֮£ѰҵյĹޣԸŮܹ˳ں֮ģΪһŮ
ϲЦտ
лĴ£ǧûǧкᣬ߬׵֣˵
Цսǧ֡
ǧһ˫޵£ɥȪֻһ֮ġ
֮ģٲȻѾΪǧĲΪԸǧζ뿴֮ҵµĹޡ
Ըڳˣ
һУҪ鹦


1638 Ө
ϣģҪ˶ãҾͻնɱʨֵܣȥѩޣȴһ׮Ĳ
ǧϲ֣һŵ
ԣǧݵ͵Ϊ֮һ־ϲضףԱ˻棿
׵ȻһЦһ׷
ãã
ǧصͷҪܹʨֵܸɱˣǧĸԸ㵱ţϵɽ»𺣣ֻҪһ仰ҾԲƴǡ
ǧ۾һʱݺᡣ
Ϊǧ˫޵£ǧ꣬δ룬֮ʱʨֵܸɱˡ
ɥ֮ÿһҹǧе꣬絶ʡ޲̽ʨֵܸʬΣѩޡ
ֻϧǧֻԪ쾳磬龳ʨֵܵĶ֡
ɱ֮ޣʹ飬ĥǧ
ǧŵܿͻնɱʨֵܣΪǧһ˿ϣ
ȻֻԪ쾳磬ʥ㲻ϣǣ츳׿ز©龳ī붼ĸԸظס
ɴ˿ɼȫʨֵγвġ
Ĳ˵״аǼ̳еһַ壬ʨֵŷɥˡ
ܿ죬ڼ̨Ͽյˮ򣬾ֹͣת˹еĿ£һŨɫϯգۼûһӰ
ȥȻ֮ǰ֮ѡеĳŮ
˾ǣ֮ǰѡеĳŮֻл磬˳ں֮֮Ϣۻ룬Ȼ˰벽Ԫ磡
˾˵Ľٶȣֱ
ֵһǣڳŮͷ֮ϣһɫۻʹڣԿķģȥ˸ʮѤ
̫ˣ֮˳ںϳɹˣµһŮˣ
ţŮں֮ĺ󣬾ȻֱӴӻ벽Ԫ磬ַٶȣδҲ̫ˣԽ˺ü󾳽硣
Ҳûʲô֮Ůںһܹ벽Ԫ磬ʲôֵ顣
ô˵һǲһɢɳȺˡ
ڳǧȫȺ۷׷ס
Ÿʲôͷл
ǧһ´ԭصĳŮЦò绨
Я࣬Өм
Ůƣ׵ǰ΢һǷ
޷֮Ͱˡ
΢΢һЦӨܹ֮ѡУĻԵˣһҪúðһλᣬΪһϸŮ
ӽһͳˡ
ױֱضӨĳŮ
ʲôŮ
ҳΪŮ𣿿ֻһСʲôʸ峤һְ
Өһ˵ԼҪΪһ峤ͳ壬ʱЩˣ־ܾ
Өҿ㡣һơ
ǻŸʲôݼһ峤
īߴһ
ݼ峤
ݼ峤
ʱڳǧ׷׹񣬲˿ĵ
ңҡ
ϯضǧӨʱЩ޴룬촽һżѵա
ǧһȵĿⶢӨȴķԡ
Өͷ৶䣬ֱ£æס
ɫž޲εĿ⿴Ө
֪ôģ׵Ĺ֮£ӨȻоûôˣһɵ
ҽӨұ֮ѡУΪһεŮеǳҡǣұϾֻһ֣Ҫλǰָպʲôòλĵطλൣһ¡
Өа۵طԡ
Ů
Ů
֪˭ͷһʱ䣬ǧȫػȭͷӵӨŮ֡
ӨΧ£ȺУ־ϲϺ»һá
ӨһҪ͸㡣
ȻһӣһƿݸӨӨɻգգ۾ջǽӹ˴ƿšƿһᣬʱеһӿڱǣһʱԡɾ֮Уǳ
ƿװһȪ
лĿңӨмӨ˫Ź⣬۲תЦеضס
ӨոճΪһεŮ¶ҪһһӡҪ³çð㽫һþ˳Ԫ֮ҾԲΪϣۼƣ
͸ӨһͼӨĶѡ


1639 
أӨһԪ磬һܷͼǿ
ӨЦع
׵ͷһЦ
λһ£գҪٿǻ䣬ʱ˶Ҫء
īһ
ǡ

ǧ벻СӨˣȫ
߰ա
ī벢糯شıӶȥ
壬Өδķչǰ;ΣīЦס
ӨȻǸŮں֮ĺ󣬺ܿͬԼݣеŮݡ˵ΪŮǿҵĿġ
ţҪ˼꣬ͻΪһְ峤
׷
İ˾Ųʮīͷ
һ·У̶֮󣬾͵ִһʹһԻ͵ĽȺϿա
ӭ
ӭ
ī״ǵʹڲһ·֮ϣȫװīʺá
īǰֱ쵼ж٣׺ʵ
һ·ϣ׿ȫװϢۻ룬ת䣬͸һɺɫһǾþɳϽ
ֱ쵼ױǧˡڸսѡ֮ʿЩ֮ʦΪ׼ġ
īЦ
׵˵ͷ
ܿ죬˾;Խ˻ʹڲİ֮£ʹŵƽʣһɽ亣ζʮ
ڻʹڲһ㳡ǳ԰ڶӣĻҪٺʵĵط

˵īص˻ʹڣ첽ǰ񣬡Ѿʢ磬˸ŮŮֻȿϯˡ
á
׵ͷ쾯ӣұٿǻ䣬ʽҸͶΪ
ǡ
Ӧˡ

ʱһ˷˿ȥ
պڻʹ㳡ϣڸط
Уǧױһִ㳡׺ϲֵһǣµױŴ쳤ۣŭԵ÷ǳϲɡ
ǧһǧڣϲһǧڣͬʱִ㳡˺񣬴棬ϲ
ˡ
ǧһЦŹ˹֣մźۣϲ󣬿׼ƨˡ
û뵽ͷɽͻȻҲĸԸظ׳Ƴչ¶˳һ档
нӹ磬Ц
ª뻷Ƣǳ꣬һǧ벻е䳰ȷʱһˣ߷ģӿɲ˭ƨĵģҪͨ󣬴óϷҲŲԸ׳ƳΪ
ǧ벻вһֿۣ˻
û뵽Ȼ׽֡
Ȼʥ֣ǲر׸һ١
˵ҲǣѱߵļһҲֻþԵѹƣܹ丩ΨǴӡ
Ө
ʱӨǧ㳡ǧ£ɵҾ
һεŮ
бһӨ΢΢ͷһӡ
л佱ӨƢܳҲ
ţɽ
ʱһߺһ㳡ϵһʿעȫ˹ȥ
˵עĿ֮£ĳʯ죬ţɽǧڲǵ㳡ţɽˣԸڱɱǰӡ
Ȼ٣ڵǻ䲢δʽҲ
֣ţɽͳ첻ʯΪαʯСһˣ
ʯСһѾΪԪˣ
ǧ벻һզп
ʯ죬ţɽͳ죬ݼϣϡʯ찲վ÷󣬱ǵǧСӨǰʺá
ʲôʯ죬ʲôʱΪţɽͳˣ
һ
ʯ΢΢һЦ͵˵򵥵˵ұУΪţɽͳˣͬʱҲŵĳϡӽţɽʽ϶Ϊһֻһͳ졣
ʯ콾ͦͦظһβסԺԶʯСȿ̿
Ϊţɽͳ죬ҲΪţɽĳˣ
һ棬ʯأ
ʯЦһɱˡ
˻
ʱǧСӨˣȫһԼĶ䡣
˵ţɽĲǧ벻еҲţûϵջݻһ
ȨյʯȻɥϵʯλȨˡ


1640 
ǧзǳȵı飬ʯ΢΢һЦûȼ˴ɰʵףͽľԭԭؽ˳
֪龭ǧУ׷զпͷ
ʯ죬㱾Ϊ۴ɽףδĳɾ;Ҫʯ֮ϣܹĳһְǷǳο
Ϊе
ǧ벻Цʯ£ϵ
ЦʯǸ࣬ͿˣʯɵúãǾһˣҪʲôҪæģҡֻҪܹģһƴǡ
ʯĽУܹܵ׷ǳʯ죬ƽʮưԴʯҲø顣
лλϣСܸмʯиж֡
ӨŮݼĳϡ
ʱӨƣʯǰҾ
һεŮ
ʯһȣæػ˾ģһԵĲСǧЦ
峤ϼݵ
ʱָߺһ˷׷ײĿ㳡ڴ
ܿ죬峤ϰȱʹǧˣ㳡к÷󣬰ȱЦеСǧǰ׺ѣͬʱҲʶһεŮӨԼţɽͳʯ졣
ڣϵˣܹԼĪˡ
ǧеȸϵͳ̸֮⣬ĸʿȫĬԣ뻮һŷֻȺţʾߵѵʡ
ݵ
ʱһȣȫ̧ͷʹĳڴ
ȥֻһϮɫۣͦεףǶԵλãī룬ֻīҪ΢һ֮Զ
ٿĵطǧپֳַϢۻ롣
ݼ
ݼ
ǧСӨʯ졢ȱˣһ׵ӰͻæϯضͶش
ϵʿȫѧ׷ϯض򣬹ӭס
˹ӭһˣǺƴĳ棬һܹġ
һ̣ļ鲻Խƽһ顣
ͳɽռΪĸо𣿡
лϲ⡣
ѪжԾ֮ϳưԵоֱȰշ
ײûм񣬶īĲ£ؿ׼õĵƤһӣ
࣬ελλŮңẒ́ơ
ƽ
ϯض򣬸ԼͶش׸еǳοһӣƽ
õ׵׿ϣ㳡ϵڣվһףֱ׵
գҾеǻ䣬ҸΪܹǰҸеǳ뼤
ӽǾҵͬ󹲻ѣ
ɤ̺һ˿Ԫ׹鲻ԽΪ֮
ˣң
һ¡
£мױС̧һмʮɳ̽ң׵ǰ
ھ͸ǵһ֣ʽš
״λнһɫëʣһӣӳⷽһˮд̽֡
ڡ
ɫëʣȻһķָд꣬ɱ⣬Ǭ
ڣ֡
ī벻ϵͷͣ㱾ΪŽ壬ٶһΰľŻڣǳԼݣҪٲľ񴫳󣡡
֮ǰīһֱѯҪʲô֣ӣˮʯˡ
֣īеǳ⣬¾ӽֵ˳
ڣǵŻڣ
̫ˣ˷ţӽǾڵͽˣ
ţڿ϶ܹչ׳гһ컯ɾ
ڣڳܹɱĵشߴһϸ£
ڸϵʿ׷׹ƽкãһʱ䳡ף糱
ң
ž޴ңһһε;ңƫеع˻ʹϷƫУ
֣̺εѹ˲ֱӡֻоɱɢ֮ġ
áҪʼʽµˡ
ελĲ£ϱ˵
ʱ㳡ϵڣȫΪ֮һݣĬ׼ϴ
ȣҪīǰΪڵĸ
һڣͷīΪһ֮֮ϡ


1641 
ȫ׶


ڸϵʿ׷׻ȭͷš
īΪ׵ĵɽһ龳֣īû˵Сڡ
īǰȻǸӵһȨµӣīǰͬһҪϹϾмӡ

䣬ȫһƬȻ˭ûϵ׻īôȨ
īζʲô
ζīȻҪһأʵʵȨϣ൱ġĳ˵κҪڣҪ˼С
ۣ
һ¡
ʱ½һ̣׵ǰֽ۽ī룬īһף۲ƫеԼϣǳؿڴԿһɫѪģı־ǳ
ò˵Ͻ۵ī룬˿Ҫࡣ
ǻںҵıѪԵڲбͽΥ
ֽī룬ī빧лСؽ뻳С
ȫһǧСȱˣȫĽѵضī룬ԼҲܹӵл
ʲô
īܹڲϵ
˻ÿһϡÿһӶҪīΥ
ãҪ͵ڵġִϡලŵӣӵնȨ
΢΢һЦ
ִϣ
ңӵնȨ
ϵʿȫһզྪǧˣ
ণ
˾ȵУһֻİɫ棬ƾճ˵֮С
ȥȻǽ뵹ʳ裬һԷֵĵȣ
ԭǵȣ
û뵽⵶ȾȻҪΪڵִϣԺҪСˣһʲô飬пܾͻᱻִϸն࣡
ӵʮӳ棬ڵĵڣԿ׻ȳӰֻҪԸ⣬ʱضܹҹЪؼе˭Ϊ
ò˵õȵִϣٺʲˡеȵļලû˸ҡ
ǧСȱˣڶݵľ֮ȫϿ˵ִϵݡ
ǿʵӵʥ磬ʮӳ棬κһϵĳϣ뵶Ტۡ
ԣȲΪִϣûĴ治Էԡ
ণ
ȸһ¶棬ҫ㳡Ͽ˼Ȧţʳһɵ׵ǰǹɵ׵ϥ£ĳ
ˣͽ𵶣
״һӡ
ܿ죬¾һ̣׵ǰ֮ϣڷһ𵶣ڲͬں׵һαѪ׵Ϣ
𵶣ʹնȨ
΢΢һЦԽ𵶵ݸȡ
ণ
Ƚһ𵶾ҫس㳡ϵڻ˻ӣţԼıС
ԺһҪֺõȲУĻһʲôܹ̾Ǿ͵ȫûУ
⵶ȵõ˽𵶣Ȩǳ֮նն˭Υ
ѾȻ֮ˣҪа
СǧӨˣһ۷׷ס
ˡ
ѹȫʱžҪڵĻޣ
ޣ
ڻлޣ
˸еǳ档
𣬺𡭡
֮ʣֲѪɫһצطӶ
ԭѪɫѪɫΪڵĻޣضЩһǳв
Ѫɫϵһн˵壬ΪڵĻޣ´࣡
ɣ̫ˣ
㳡ϣÿһʿͷİѪɫΪη
ˣѪ
һ¡
ʱһױȺ˻ʹǰİ˸ǰһγӣ󣬽Ѫˮӵײ
໡
Ѫɫ˸ӡڵӵѪʼӳѪġ
顭
ֻһضɽҡľ˸֮ϣȻԿһɷѪͼЩͼȫɰѪɫıѪûɣڲѪɫһؼʱܹ飬ػʹ


1642 
μޣ
ݼޣ
㳡ϵʿ׷˫ֱȭҾ
ڻޣǷĵس羴ǣϣȴҪѷһ
Ѫɫ˱֮ԵΪ˷ܣأڹ㳡ϿգԸ뿪
Դˣ׵һЦûж档
ǸλϵĲ⡣
׵Ŀһƣǰ⡣
Լ֣ʱϲطɱǰڵأֵڡ
ҲΪϣŵͳϵ

񰮣Ҷʹ
һϲһϹ
ͽơ
״һӡ
ܿ죬¾ǰֽݵۡʹ͸ǧлмѡ
ΪŵͳϵȨʵСˡ˼λ֮⣬λߵĴˡ
ǧ
׺һ
ǧٺһЦæǰϯض򣬡ڡ
ΪڵĶϣҪȫôúɽ׵

ǧߵס
ˣʹͽۡƣ״һӡ
ܿ죬λ̿ֽǧϡ
ţܷΪϣʯܷΪĳϣȱܷΪ峤ϣûʲô⡣
Өǰܷ⡣
׵Ŀ⣬ͶһεŮӨ
ӨȻûϵ׻еԼ֣ʱֻŵؿǰع
ҲΪ³ϣԪ֮׷Ϊ۳ϣ
΢΢һЦ
ԣӨɵһϲ
³ϣȻΧϣҲùûС
ң׻ŵֻҪӨŬԪ磬Ϊʥ׷Ϊ۳ϣʽĸ߲㡣
Ө˿׽רƵݸӨʱӨоȫ¶Ǹɾ
ϲ֮ÿһ϶»ص˸Ӫ֮С
棬īǰڵĹ˰䷢ɸλϹĿ
׵
ī뵱һһ˳ǧе˵С
ǳϸ࣬ȷ涨˸ϵȨޣµΪŵӡŵӡ۵ȵȸݵȨУҪս񣬵ȵȵȵȣճĸ棬һ㡣
˰ͱȽϼˣȼʾûˡ
òСǧ˾ǣҪɵ˰ǳ٣ѹǳᡣܵŸǳö࣬ۻҡ
ÿһϣÿһӣȫϲЦտĻŭš
̫ˣˣܹ׷ǰ˱ĸ֣
ûϵҪɵ˰Ȼֻôһ㣬ֱ̫˵ˣ
ҾˣڵˣڵĹԶҳϣ
ڸŵʿڸԳϵķ֮£ܿĶеݣһ鲻ԽĴָ̾ѡ
ԼĪһӺλʲôǹͬ顣
ȫѻȸÿһӣÿһϵϣ»Ķ˻
ãȻˡǾͽһ̡
תͷī롣
ī⣬һһɫ˳ڳĸλ˵Ҳ֪ãڣҪľǶЧڣѣҪֹ׷ɱ
ī˻еʱһ˿
ʱȫѻȸÿһʿɫ쳣Ͼ
ʼա
īһףӸ
λǷģǲԸЧڣ̾Ϳ뿪巢ģԲΪκһ뿪ˡ
һҪĳ֮ģµ÷Σ
ȫһɧû뵽˿Ȼܹͽѱ뿪
˺һӣû뿪
ܹЧڣǵĸɵӲ뿪
ûңҲ뿪ġ
һ׼ŬгһܹۣΪأô뿪
۷׷ףϹЦݡ
ӹԹԵҧָһѪҺʼЧڡ
̣һǳɣȫȻûһĳɡ
Ĵͷµ˷׷Ч£һʱ䣬µˣȫŵԡ
ϣˡ
ǧڵ׼ϣһһؿʼġ


1643 
Чҵ̣ܿѸٵؽˡ
׸еʮοǣϵһǧʿûһʿ뿪ӴھˮˮڳÿһʿǰЧң־ɳǡ
ã̫ˣ
һǧʿûһѱ䣬ȫҵϣ
ȵĽ֮һզп
˸ûԸıӻīЦףѾ˳ǻΪڵ
ԣڹ£īΪ˽һЩƺСӡ塱֮ĴƶǿԵġ
ʵīĹϵʲôƺҪ
еӣȫϯ
ʽʼҪҹͣЪ
Ц
ϯඣ
俪ʼˣ˷ܣ
ǧеˣȫŸԵϯÿһʿϣŲõЦݡ
ȥŵӣʮ֮࣬ÿһ棬ڷŴɽ亣ζ˹ǿһۣ鲻Խؿˮֱ
ܿ죬ټĻʹϿգ˵ľƮеĳӶˡ
ī룬һڳһϡ

һʼվһ໨ɵľƺ˳һױĵģƿĺҶأһֱ᲻ÿƷҽ׸ϣܹڷչ׳󣡡
СǧˣȫզྪЦе
˵ĺˣҪƷؾܾˣԭҪ׸ġ
ǧ߷߲ѵ
ǸֵĺӣȴҲһѺ֡ҡͷԡ
ߣǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôĺ𣬾Ҫ׸ģһζ볢
һһ໨ɵľƺݸס
ĺô
üͷһлϲӹƺ¾Ϳһ˵ľϵһڳϣȫʳָ󶯣ˮֱ
ϵĳϣһʱ䣬ټ㳡ʮʿȫˢˢתͷ̰ؿеľƺ

ЦΪĳƮʮƢ
׳Եλʹһɫÿһλ϶
λɵشӦһСžƺϵĸλơ
һȻǸ׵ľƱˮ
ţݸߵͣīƣٸλơ
ƿʹ͸ǵģӿûʲôҪ˵˰գ
ǧžƱЦеһڣʱȫ֮УƮƮɵĸо
ۡȻǺУȴһ⴩ĻУʱǾţһſڣͽһˮ˿Уشһá
ߡ
ʮۣȻԸ⽫˷Ҳûл˵
ĺ̺żΪŨһ¶ǣоʮëףѪжӯʮ
Ժŵ˵һĺԵֵһµĿޡ
һʱ䣬һĺ𣬾ͱڳϸϷһա
ʣһҾˡϾǸղźȵ̺µˡ
īЦ
ĳϣȫеǳϧҲûʲôԹԡ
Ȼûĺ𣬵Ȼ٣˻̺ٵƣ޼ɵӺ졣
ȻѾҲʾ
Ȼǧվһ¸߰ԾԾԵģ
Ŷ
ϣҪ׸ʲô
ڳϺǧ
Ҫ񣬱ҪĲòСϾҪǵ;ʯ衢ȪЩĵرеǣұÿһλ϶Ҫԣöࡣ
ԣҪֵ׻ģͱҪд⣬ҪĲòУͷǳˡ
ٺ٣ǿ㳡Ե𣿡
ǧһЦָ㳡ĵı̲ˮ
˷׷׵ͷ
׺ǧ֪ĺ«ʲôҩ
ھܹпʻʤգ
ǧִϵһУץһӣңõӣӡ
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻÿһ϶ÿ׳һǧ
ǧȻҪӣֲ
ңҪʹػʤգ
ֱ񼣣Ϊ顣


1644 ػ
ϣ㲻Ǻȶ˰գӣôѿ
ʯЦǧһЦ̬
ϣҪǸˣ۾֮Ҫط峤ϡȱȫǿϷ´
īһЦµؿǧ
еĲΣǧһЦȻ˵ǲΪѿˡ
ǣ˵ֻҪһ˿ľ֮ӣܹѿ
ǧǧܹܵ˸ܲĲľ֮
ǧһӣܹظܵһ˿˿ڲĲľ֮
Ȼǳ΢ֻҪУǧܹ
ľ֮
΢΢һ׷׶ǧеӡ
ȣ
ǧͺһһŨĲľ֮ʱϯǧơбӣڲľ֮£عţɿؼȡŲľ֮
˶žƱضӵı仯
ԼĪһӺİоһĻˡ
ڲľ֮£ʮöӱ棬ѿһӣһ۵ѿߡ
ţǿûУӾȻĳѿߣ
̫ˣζûϵܹΪӣ
ϣҪǽУܹҵĶƤѿ𣿡
ˣֶΣѾǳ뻯ˣС
˷׷ױȳһĴָ档
ؿǧ
õ׵ͣǧ¸ǣһףѾѿӣ˹㳡Եڲ
δѿӣǶһԣЩѾ׶Ͼ˲ľ֮ûа취ˡ
ڣҾʹЩӣһػƮΪλˡǧһӣ˸߿УŷȻһӣɾŨصĲľ֮Եڲ
㳡ϣӽʮϣÿһʿͣ¾ƱŸ߿еǧ
ʮŷѿӣˮУܿͷؼȡľ֮ʼѿҶ
ʱ䣬ʮ使εʢ˳
ã
ϲΪǧɾȻڼʱڣʹӡ
ϧֻмʮ˵˼Ҫܹпʻͺÿˣ
ػһԤףԤʾڴӴ˺𣡡
۷׷ףİоͬʱָеЩϧ
Ǻǣ𼱣Ϸںͷ
ǧ΢΢һЦһĲľ֮ӿ糱ʱʮʢ̵䣬һ˶˳ڲǶһſű˶ӣΡ
ȥ
ǧͺһһеӣ׷ڲţڲľ֮֮£ܿѿһ使ƻ
̣һӵʱ䣬ټУͿȥ䣬ǳˡ
ãϣɵò
զ̾
ӣػƮˣ
ϺֶΣİо
ǾˣֶΣҪȴϵҪף
ټĹ㳡ϣڸϵʿȫкã档
ǧ׵Ŀ֮󣬵ػһȦΪƵؿ򲻶Сʯ졢ȱˣ֮󣬲ʩʩȻһģ
ǧ˷ͷʮƣԹԵغƾơ
СɮţҲһҪ͸
ʱвվ΢΢һЦ
ʲôҲҪˣ
дϡǰϻܹʲôͷ
ǧʯˣȫؿ򲻶С
ЦһƣµŲУϣʲôҪ׸ң
пһվλãһЦҿѾŮƺûͯҾ͸Ū֪ɶµͯ
䣬ȫһƬ
ңһΪʲôأԭֻǸҼͯ
ҪʲôͯҲҪңЦ
϶ǭ¿̰ð˭ȴͽЦˣ
ǧȱһڳϣطڿŲУһòе̫ɵܡ
лһȦأЦģĬȵ˵ķڿƽϢˣŲؽ͵Ҫ׸ͯѰͯͬİ塣


1645 źͯ
İ壿üͷһЩ
ȫѻȸһùŹֵ򲻶С
Ҫ壬ɲףҪзǳͨСϾɲǿЦ顣
ֻһҲǳס
ףҲˡⲿɼҷлýһľѪѪɫֶİ
Ѱʿһͼİǳѡ
񣬲оȻҪͯ
Ҫһ˵ЦܱͯҲͰˣȻ֪磬Ͳˡ
ÿһʿǳú档
еľ֮ɫͷһεسԶطӶȥɻ֮ʣѾаγһź
еĹٶ㳡ϺȾƳʿȫˣһתͷ򲻶С
ϣҵź
ǧеǳеľٶüʧȥ˸룬ֱӿȻػټ仨ûʲôҪǧеľٶȫԣǧ̬Ե÷ǳǿӲ
Ǻǣֻܲܿûͯգ⼸ʮźҵĲϡ
Цؽ͵
˵ţ˹ŹֵУнɢڵϵźβڳģ
ţ
ϣҪźΪϣɰˡ
źƴӳΣܹɰ壿Ҳ̫˼ˡ
զпе档
Ǻǣҵıǧӣ֣۲ľ֮ұֻǿ
аȻһ仰ǧֱ¡
˵ʵǧҲûа취
ȷ츳Ѫ۲ľ֮ΪǧӵĲУҪǧһ
ֻǧǲеǰڲе·ָԣݵλҪڲ֮ϣλжϣֻϡ
ֻǧûϵǣĶļһȻΪǰ裬ϧ̧Լǧǳơ
ȥ
˺עĿ£нһεαѪźϣʱһȦȦķ⵴εź
ɰڴһˡ
ȫ
ܿ죬ڷ£ĿһĻƾո˵ǰ
˱ѪźȻɿسƤǣܿ˳Ρ
һʱ䣬ȫ𶯣һֱ
ԼĪʱʱ䣬ĵصȴ֮£ԭεźͳ̥ǣལԲüĿͯ
ͯһΣʹӵһԾʮֿɰܵ׵ǰ׵·ˣҪ·ô˿ǣú߰
ײɵΪ֮һһ˼ǰۿɰͯ
ͯոȻͶúˣ
Ц̲סһͯţλεʹһɫ
ܿ죬ελһСŵ׵ǰ·ָͯ
֮ͯüĿ㣬ףһСһ
ˣǻú÷ģҸ㵹衣
ˣҸ¡
㿴飬Ҹҡӣд֣Ҹī
Сͯһɶһŵ
Цȫϲ£졣
ڳһ˵ȣҲ棬ϲеֶθˡ
ҵ㻹𣿡Ц
⣬̫ˡ
޲ڡ
еõ˿ޣǹӵľ೤ȫüͷ΢ʮֲɲвܲˣҡͷԣŪһ⡣
ǧԵͷȾƣԹƣԽԽ
ĳϡ峤ϣʲôҪ׸
Цʯ밲ȱ
ǧҲЦؿˡ
ʯʱǺһ֧֧˵
ȱǺǿûУελҵҽĸαбг𣿡
ǧСˣȫΪ֮һһʱЦ
ȷελŮǰȱŮŮǰһеľŮ
Ҫ˵⣬ȱȻгˡ
ž
ȻǺʯ죬͵һӣһһɫŹֵؿʯ졣
ʯȻǺ˲Ǻ˹ŹֵУ˫ȭգҡҲһҪ͸㣡
ţһг
ʯ
ԣǧСȱˣɵɫʯ졣


1646 
ʯȻҪһг͸ף
ǣǰʯҪͳһгȻǳѡ
Ǵ𣬻ǶǧػƮ㣬ϲеźͯȦɵ㣬ס
ʯҪλϣڵ֮ѡ
Ҫȳ⣬峤ϰȱѽĸα͸ףбг
ĪǣĳҪʯС͸
ϲЦŴȤ
ңǽʯСȵ͸ҲԶԶȲҵŮг⡣
ȱͷ˵ˣҵŮ츳òԸ񣬶֮ѡ˭ܹģ
ʯŭбһ۲밲ȱ֪ʧԣʱͷȾƣ
Ǹʵˣô໨Ҿ򵥵ķʽҵĳ⡣
ʯһ
ЦŵͷΪڴʯ졣
ȣ
˺ĿУʯͺһ˵ζʱɿ仯Ƥ֮£ۿӵٶȣһ㵭ɫƬһʯˣһ֮С
ĳ⾿Ҫ𣿡
۱ĳϵĽۣϽ۱νر𣬸һεĴڣڰŪ𣿡
һҪʲô׽͸
ؿʯ졣

ʯӣһƬ۸Ӳ˫ţݵ׵ǰҵıΪ۴ɽףܹû۱壬ǣҵ׽۱һ㡣
Ƭۣҵ㡣
ʯһϾֻҪҵƬˣҵĽ۱׾ͻ᳹ʧȥЧãҽƬ۰׸ǽҵ㣬ҵȫ˵г
䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿ𾪵ʯ졣
ĳϣ㽫۰ʱͻ᳤µˣһЦΪм
Ҳ
ʯҡͷϣұΪ۴ɽףһص㣬ҵۣҪ֮󣬲ŻµңҪµҲҪȼԪ
ҽ۰ֻҪۣҵһֱƿгһշб֮ģȫһٴݻۣһҵĽ۱׾ͻ᳹顣Ҫ۱ҪȼԪ
ʯ
˻
˵һû뵽Ϊ۴ɽ׵ʯ죬һ٣Ľ۱׾ͻữΪޣҪ۱ףҪȼԪС
ǣһԪʿ˵ĶжԪӻ
Ԫˡ
˵ʯ콫۵͸ף൱ڽԼףò˵ֵǣʮ㡣
ĳ̫ƴˣһͽԼı۵͸ӽֳĳϵۣ൱ƿĳϵָĳϲҪɽĳϲˮ
ѹĳ˵гģȷˡǵĽĻ˵ĳϵʵڸг⣡
ǧС˲ϵͷ
ĳϣ㽫Ȿ۵͸ңǱ¶ˣײûнӹʯۣΪǵ˵
ģҵȻҰεˡ¶ĲλҵĲ·طǲ˻еġ
˵ˣһƬ⴦ϣȻ˵̫Զڵ˲֪£Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʯײ
ԥƬ̣ʯУʯıۣƬǱʯģ۵ĸմȾѪɴ˿ɼʯĳġ
ĳϣһ񣬶кô
СؽУţ΢΢һЦһһտɫķ˳ʯ졣
ǡʯտ
տǰ벽ʥĳǴ׬׬ˣ
Ϊʲôǻ̫ƫˡ
ǧеˣһеտȫ˫˸˸Ź⡣
ҡ
ʯһʱæң֪λӦźˣҲΪŽͳġ
װ˰֣ʯĻĳϣ㽫տ֮սһءʱܹأһԱͽҿ㡣
л¸м
ʯڲ˫ֽӹտлòС


1647 
ǧȱ˴ѵĿУʯҧָʼѪ
ϡ
ʯѪҺտ֮УɿգһһѪƵܿ죬ʯܹܵԼѪ֮տڲʹտһĽ
ɹտѪʯտػ˼£Ľڡ
ҲҪ͸㡣
ٿأ峤ϰȱվһ޵ģ
ƺǱʯ˷ͷзǳζ
ǧеپף۳⣬ȲϰȱڣĳϽ۵͸ףȱЩסˡ
峤ϣѾŮ͸ˣܹܵĳ⣬Ͳٷķ׼ˡ
ЦŰ˰֡
С
ȱƵؿʯ죬Ҫ֤Ҳгġ˵ţһӣһöȭͷСļƷ˳
ʱ磬ټ㳡Ͽգϼ׷ɣһ챦
ৡ
ʱڳʿȫˢˢؿȱе飬һݺݵһĭ
һöƷ飬ȭͷСӨ͸ı棬һ㵭ɢŨŨ
ΪǣڲȻ̲һŴɫӣָֻͷСոշѿߣʮֵ
峤ϺôֱʣȻһ֣óһöƷ顣ö飬Ҫľпɡ
ҿԿı棬ԣȫһö˵е飬ֵǣѰܹᲢ۵ġ
˵̲飬ܹǳáֵ޷û뵽峤챦ȻԸ׳ȡĻġ̫гˣ
࣬۷׷ס
ö飬档
ײشӰȱнӹȭͷС飬һ֣͸ܵһ˿˿ĸоͬʱһŨ׵ʮë׶΢΢ſ̰˱žŨ
峤ϣڲӣôһ£
īʵ
Ȼīʶ㣬ͷһοڲ̲һӡ
ʵϣīֻꡢʯм̲жĶֲ걾ӣ黹ͷһμǳϡ档
֪ɳڰڲ֮󣬲ܹ𽥳εıʯ
ԣڲֲֶı걾οȱóļƷ飬ڲ̲صӣǻŵģ̺żΪʢ
ֱ£
ܵ˾Ŀ⣬ȱͷǰ컯ɾг˺꣬Ӧö˵գ
ȱʣڳһʿȫЩӵͷ˵˵ǵ컯ɾ޾ƯʱײһƬصըȻ컯ɾа۲õػ󣬵вٵǳ׹컯ɾڲȼյǡ
˵ǴУͣЩܹͣסػĽɱ컯ɾͨĴڣʮءֻǺҲû˼Щ͡
˵ҵǵĲкڲкз˲챦󷢺ƣ
˶ǰ̡꣬飬ʱ䶯컯ɾ˲֪˲
еʿѰǵĲкΪȫ
ȱͷ˵۷׷ףؽԼļš
ꣿ
üͷһʱ¸߰
컯ɾһƯСɾ޾޹ɵظû֪컯ɾȷλá
ÿһÿһ룬컯ɾ궼ᷢ޴ı仯
ҲΪʲô컯ɾ꣬ǲȶԭΪˣ컯ɾУ޷ʹǫ̂ǳ
׸еΪ𾪵ǣ컯ɾɹаһִСɾȫܷ״̬Ȼ꣡
ԭ׵֪УҪ컯ɾΨеȴһǧ꣬컯ɾڿԪµʿл컯ɾ̽
ûϵȻбķ컯ɾ
ɹаһֵ컯ɾضƮ죬ļ᲻ɴݡ
Ҫǿн컯ɾɲô׵顣
֮Ի컯ɾȫΪ컯ɾػһǳֲըˣŻһЩǳײ֮£׹컯ɾ
飬ԵɺϣҪΪƣǲܵ顣
Ͼûܹ޾컯ɾҲٿһƬһըǿƿ컯ɾ


1648 
˵𣿡׸е档
ͣǰ꣬컯ɾʿ
ġ
ǧһص˵ͷ˵вʿͣǵĲкУһЩʬĲкȻ׹컯ɾеǲ࣬оǳѾڰ;ȼճ˻ҽû͡͵Ĵ˵ȴǿڿഫԽ˵Խ
֮ô϶ͣΪǰŹŵλ龳ĳ֣ǧҵһǵĲкǣûãֻʣһϲֻӴܣص˾Źŵλ龳ĸ֣Լǧȫ䲻
ȵŴϵǿ׹ĵط˵սĺۼŹŵǧȫͷʬѵһ𣬳ǳֲ
ǧĵظ׽͵Ĵ˵÷ǳ
ɣλ龳ִǧྫȻֻһ
ʿȫͷʬ
ײɵõһһľ׷ʵλӹһٵ龳˭϶Ͱգ
ǧһƣ˵ͷλӹһٵ龳֣޽ҶǸΪóĸ֡صֻ֮˵ĸ֣ϢһֶԸ͸¶
Ҳ֪ǾŹŵϢǸұһ޽ҶڣԸ¶ࡣ
ǧ̾Ϣ
ʮüͷ΢΢
˵ҲΣ޽ҶȻһǣصŹŵ֮󣬲þͱ÷񲣬ÿһ꣬ľΪͻ׹龳磬ٵԪ硭̶̰ʱ䣬ѾΪһ鷲ˣԪľɥȪ
ī벹
ײɵõһ档
;ǺηʥȻӵ˿ֲͨȻܹնɱ龳ǧ񣬾һٵ޽Ҷ֮Ҳ÷񲣬ա
׶ͷǳ棬ȫֲͨˡ
׷Ѱ͵ټ٣ʧΪ͵˷ǳ٣ԣ޴Ѱ
е
׵˵ͷҪڲã޼ʵ컯ɾѰֱͣǴ롣ο͵ʿǳ٣յҲʮޡ
˵͵ˡ
ī˰֣תƵȱϣ峤ϣΪʲôͻȻˣ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫۼ˰ȱϣȱɤӣЦе˵ǰʱڱһ׹벻Զĺˮ֮СǲкֻзԲףͨȼһ𣬵ȵ׹뺣ˮкѸ׹ʧ
ȱĻÿһʿ£
ûϵȱǰȻۿһǲкֱһ漣
ʿ˵һЩǲк׹λ컯ɾһƬޱ޼ʵУƬΪ⣬
˭һǲкȻȱˡ
ҵʱδԪ磬δ޷ȫ뱦УǬûԥǱѰǵĲкգҳɹҵˡȱ΢΢ظϹŽɫ
أǲкзʲô
峤ϣûУ
峤ϣûǲкҵʲô챦
˺ۣһѯš
ȱҡҡͷЦǱҵʯкʱһȦûʲôֻ֣һͨͨĲкûʲô֮˵ʲô͡챦ˣһﶼûп
ֱüǿûдϰȱĻһصȴŰȱĻ
һ֮£һƽǲкһķ϶ʱҾȵһĻˡ
ȱڷ϶֮УһĨı⣬ǵĺĴɢ嵭ȴǳ򡣡
˵ȫᵽɤ۵λá
ҵʱ˸߲ңΪҵ챦æҵؿʼǲкҵ˷Դ
ȱҡͷһЦǲҵʲôҵһӡȱָеļƷ飬ӡ
ڳÿһʿȫĿŴͣö޷£
ȱȻǲкĺĴҵһܹӣңȱһöƷ飿
δҲ̫ˣ
ţǲкڲΪʲôһӣҪ֪ǵĲкһǳĺģܹɹ׹뱱ûڰоͱĦȼյǳһŷǳ͵ǳһǳĺĴȻ̲һӣ
ô̫ˣ峤Ϲ׫Ĺ£̧ƷʰգҪĻӣȻĻҲΪһŴǳĺġ
֮治Уûϵһž޴ǳģȻһŲ۵ӣ峤Ը⽫ӷ׳ǳʮ㡣
Ӿʲôһ̽
ߴߴڲ̺ӣȺ档


1649 
ȫȱĻˣȭͷС飬ֱͨͨ
û뵽ӾȻ˲
ǺǣǷģ˵ÿһ仰ǧȷҸġ
һЩɰȱʿȱ粽ãҪģ֤Լʵ
ȱǰõöصӣûзӵ֮
׺ʵ
ȱεҡҡͷЦȻõöӣҲ֪öǣһֱûзʲô֮Ϊҷǳϧԣһֱֲиؽ̲أ꣬ڽӸһżƷ飡
˵ö飬ʱһ顣
Ҫ֪ǰҪһ飬ҪµңҪϵطճҺ飬ҪõһžӨ͸ļƷ飬һ춼ֹͣĻڲͻʡЩʱж֮УǶѪ֮УɳѪ˺֮ʹҲǿнγ顣
ȱڣ֪ҽöƷͳжôĳ˰գ
ҽļƷ飬˳Ҳǽ͡ʹûĹʵȫ˽ط׸
˭Ҹг⣿
ȱž
ȫĬÿһʿÿһλϣȱĳˣˣ
°ȱ׳飬һżֵǵļƷ顣ڲҲδ̺Ƿӣƾʹʾȱĳ⡣
峤ϣǸʰ·磡
峤ϣò˵гһλϣ
ţȻܹΪô࣬׻˵Ʒ֪ǧ٣ǰһܹһ֪һǰ˱ĸܹøжͬ˸ж
ǧеˣ׷׳ȱȱЦݲá

ȱͷЦףĳ㲻ʲô֮𣿱һֱΪڲӣֻһŻӣԶѿˡǣ֮ǰӷѿˣһССѿߡ
ҴӴԺӱ㿪ʼڲһܹ顣
Ȼ˵ܹȡ棬ǣȴǳǴġ
ȱ
˼ص˵ͷеɢľײɵ΢΢һЦΪϲ
飬ܹᴿκһʿ˵һ¡
飬൱һ⣬ÿһʱ䣬ܹóڲ
ȻöܹյޣᴿҲ࣬ҪȻȱҲὫöͳ׸ס
Լ鱣ã;
꣬Ӳųɹسѿߣ
ңȥˣȻûʲô仯ֻһѿߣ
ײһզྪڲӣδҲ̫˰գ
ϣϣܹӦľܷ֮񿴿ǲʲô⣿
׽е飬ݸǧ벻С
С飬ɢʶ£̽˺һӣûʲô̫ķ֣һɥ
ǲδڲӦһĲľֲ֮֡вľвľϢŷѿӣȴûһĲľ֮
δҲ̫ŹˣΪľȴûвľϢҪԴԴϵҶΪǻġ
ǧ벻εؿס
ʼû뵽ǧ벻У޷ӣһʱ˳֮УƬ̺׹ϵݻ˰ȱ峤ϣܹõӣĻԵˣҲǿӶˡҿ飬㻹Լðա
˵ţݵ˰ȱǰ
УСȱæ֣öȻʵЧȴֵһᣬӵŴʿ˵ȫǿп޵Ĵڡ֮Խ͸ǶҰһ˰ĸмЩϣ㲻Ҫƴˡ
˵ţȱתͷһվһԵελãһתЦŴȤȻˣҲЩ˽ĵġϣӽܹҵŮõ㡣


1650 С
䣬ǧСʯˣɵӶЦ
ò˵峤Ǹˡ
ǧƱһڣȻ󣬵ǣʵЧȴܵͣδǱҲ翣佫ϣϣ罫׳ȡĻġ˵ˣ˰һ˰ңʹ˴һ塣峤ϣһ˵ֺףץסһûʲôôҪʵö࣬Ҳʵõö࣡
峤ϵĿƺҰĲڴˡû峤Ůõô
ζһЦ۵ʲôжıŮõ㣿ŮڸѾߣȻֹڴˣҪ֦ͷˣΪҡ
һ峤ϵŮңôӽ峤Ͼĸˡڲ˭ǰһ壿
զп
û
ʯҲ۵Ҫ峤ĳΪĸǵʱ򣬰һ廹ǳĺģʲô˰ýˡ
峤һ飬ȡĻģһ˳Ůλֱһá
ʯ찵п
ڼϰ۷׷׵ʱһǹӰȱУ˹
ҲǸϽܲ²ȱ⣿
Ȼ˵׶ελλõӡ󲢲ǣھͽελңýȢδЩ̫ͻˡ
ҲĸܣǱϾ컯ɾ֪컯ɾе״ǣҪǱСزٻ֪ˣҲԳԲ˶ߡ
ǰٻ룬һҪٳСز֮ĺ£ϧһֱûܵóѡڵã̶̼ղ׾ͽȢң˶ӵоҪǱٻ֪ˣ϶Ҫ׸̻˲Ž
ʱ׻ڶϳҲ޼£
峤ϣ̫񼴱ˣҲ˽ռС
飬תͷελãελʱǴΪܡҵѾߣұܲǷ֮¡ʲôʱˣҪ
һ֣ͽεС
εʱһ㶣Щ޴ˡ
û뵽һת֣ͽ齻ελôΪˡ
ελǰȱŮΪ飬൱黹ڰȱУûб׸˽ռС
һȱ˵ĵˣˡ
ҡεҪ˵װ˰֣Ļôˡεʱ׵ʹ˵ˡ
ȱһɸֵسελһۣǲ¡
Ϊһ֣֮⣬ܴܲǣܹһֱߣ㣿
ʱ¿ǰЦеס
ûж룬͵˵ͷҪ󲢲֡
ȴһٸԸ㿴⻹ֻǸѾߣˣҪýȢң鷳
Ů˾Ǹ鷳
仰ֱԡ
þΪޣԣֻ㰡С
û£ҿԽҵıУսʱ뱦ڲûйϵˡ⣬ҿڱһ޹Ǿס
ſھŵ
Ǻ뿴޹ʲôӵġ
ĿԽıгھס̫ˡ
ελɵӶЦлϲܹ뱦糤ھסܹϦףѾˡ
νվ飬һóҪݼˡ
ǺǣС£֮͡
һڲʱʯ׷ɣһһ޷İɽ䣬ƾһĹ
ţһӣͽελø˱ڲ
ȱһԿЦģϲ£졣
һʱ䣬λεãʹ׵ıп³׵
ôҽ޹ɣ׶žƱһڣЦʵ
⣬ʵ̫ˣ
ãסôһ޹̫ݳˣ
ελӶЦ

һƵóѵؿףѾ޹ڲʲôʱҪʱó㡣
˵ţƤգգ۾
ײɵϢһϣһʱ侹ЩԶԡ
£Ȼ޹У
˵µΪƺûʲôԡϾλεõľΪͣƾҪػãס޹УȻһð취
ǣõ޹׵ıڲζʲô
ζϢؽ飬ػףңȫ˵
ò˵ʮִϻۣǸĵСС


1651 
Ůˣһͨ׶ʱЩЦãƱ뼸λϿٴελá
ελ䣬ûаʧģһЦеվ׵󣬸˾ְÿױоˮˣŵʱظ׼вˣѣź΢

ƹѲȻһϮ۵ӨվžƱףѯʵܲҲһ
ৡ
ʱǧСȱʯλ۳ϣȫתͷһӨ
û뵽ӨҲҪ⵹ǳ˵Ԥϡ
Ҫ֪Өڲ֮ǰһлҡһ䣬ͱͳһ壬ȻΪ峤ϾոճΪûãԸһʱûı䣬Ծǹģ
аȻˡ
ЦӨҪ׸ʲô
Ө˵ܡ
˵ţ׳ͽżһڣӰһӣɵ˹㳡Ͽա
ͻĹٶڳʿȫͣеľƱŸ߿еӨ
ҪûһӾ飬ϣ㲻ҪЦҡ
Өնɿɢһܿͽ㳡Ͽո
ԭӨҪʩչڴ
һóˣԴ۸ˡ
ӨճΪ峤ûãģѾǳˡ
ǧеˣһ۷׷ס
𡭡
ড
Ȼ˵֮УһȫðŽצԼһֻȫĽˡ
צˣ׷Ϸǳ׳ۡ
飬ǺԢ⣬ԤʾڽӴ콵ƣԶ
ͷ̾
īһЦҲ͵عƵͷ
ǿ쿴ֱˣ
ǽԾţ
Ȼ˾һצʧ٣Ͽգһ˶ĽֻзţҪԶһš
ԾţԢҪ㷭гһܹΧһСɱĵشΪ壡
Ԣ⣬Ԣ⣡
޲ڡ
ǰ˷вƣ
Ȼ˾
̧ͷȥؿӲӵԪ˷ӿڵϿգѵɽ纣
Ԣ⣡ԤʾڲԴӴ˳ԺȲ
īЦ
Өʩչһһ棬س˵ǰӨǰ֪ܶ˻Ϊгֵĳʵڵġ
һӵʱ䣬ǰǰʮÿһͷ׶ʣİо
𣿡ӨϺ󣬴ϢֹӰзӶ¡
⣬⣡
ЦеؿӨ޵Өģݵúܳɫ
õ׵ĿޣӨ̵ģһӣСֹסֱֿЦǽֵľ˼˶̲ס֡
ϯҹһգԶˣһȺˡ
Сزǰˡ
ʩչѰۣڵһʱ䷢ԶӶСزٻһˡ
һ֮Сزٻʹǵ׵ǰ
ǰ
Сز
׹˹֣ٻСزʺá
壬ҸͶΪǻ䣬ΪҲң
Сز߷ߵشؿһȭǲҳǮ
ЦСز͵㲻Ǵȥ׷ɱпʤµ¡
Сزûطһۣˣˣ˭ñƤôأǵһ˺񡣡
˵ţһһ˳ݸס
һƣ
״СزнӹƣĿһɨɵ¶ȡ
ھΪһϣܺĳϴСز˫ֱأһζضס
Ϊһϣ
ͷһʱЩЦá
Ѿڵˣһ֮ȴСزΪһϣζʲô
ζȻΪһڲֻһϰˡݵλҪ峤Сزһء
СزǱװĶ
СزңѣӦͬ࣬ԺʲôҪ㾡ܿڣҵڻΪļǿܡ
ֻǲϵ飬˰ɣδҲ̫ʽˡ
׵
С
Сزһڻؾһת޵ڡԭ㴴Žڣֵмζ
ƵվһԣýӲ硣
ƳƲֵӣСزɵݸһЦͱͱ׵ĸۣЦˣͽĺ


1652 ֮
ױ˫֣ȤʱΧͭɽջķۣ
СزЦеص˵ͷ͸ĺ񣬿ɲʲôĵرҸҿ϶ǣ͸ɽɽҪֿ
üͷһЩڴ
ʲôܹԼֿ
š
СزתͷЦŰٻ룬ٻ˵ͷײһЦ壬㲻һֱܹ㱦ڲı۸ô
ҾͽеĻۣȫջأһ֮
ٻЦףʵ֪ϲϲ
䣬ײɵǰһϸֳЦݣ»
ٻҪջױеıۣ
ڱѪУޱ޼ʵĻۣЩ̺Űһ׵ı綼пķѡ
˵׵һֱƿڰٻУ񣬰ٻĸԸջرۣһ֮Ȼϲ⡣
̫ˣҽյõЦ
壬ǸˣţջرۣҲȫСزΪһĿɽ
ٻһ
Цúϲ£죬ظĵֱ졣
ಣ
£һӣһεϯֱӽٻ˱챦ڲ
С
ٻնХ졣
ٻ븩ޱ޼ʵѪϸֳһĨЦۣ

̼䣬ƯѪ֮ϵıۣɿؾۼٻǬ֮С
һӵʱ䣬ٻͽڲıۣȫڡ
ಣ
һ̣ٻӰƾճڱ֮⡣
лǰ̧֣м
׹
ǺǣԺúôСزٻЦе
Сز׵ʹϸֳһĨΡ
ͷڨڨЦ
ǰСزǸϿϯգˣһ£ܿ˰̴ľΣСزٻ¡
СزһˣǱŵ˱ӣڵĵƣһʹһƬ㳡ϿŻЦ
壬ҾһƣϲΪڵʽΪһ
СزžƱվЦеظ׾ơ
£֮ˡ
װ˰֣ƱһһҾȫУĸоȫˬ졣
žƺվһԣ׾Ʊһ͹ɵظˮ
λѰһ϶һˮѣ׵ĿУɿڣǳˬ
εվ׵ظż˳ָжȣǳ
壬λǣ
Сزü΢Щơ
εЦЦ峤ϵŮҵѾߡ
Ѿߣ
СزȻŭҪ쭣תһ룬Լ֮仹һֽûͱƣԼƺûʸָס
ʱĹĵ죬һغƾơ
׶žƱСز˼ΣСزŲʡ
ߣ壬Ǻġ
ٻ뱾ΪճױеıۣһٽСز֮Ĺϵ˭룬Ȼһ¡
Ϊ谮СزίٻʱЩסˣſڱû뵽СӶô죬ż첻ͶѾߣҳԾСۣ
֪ҸղžͲջرˣĻӣӦֱ۽ըŶԡ
ٻŭ塣
ǰ˵ЦˣǶҵѾߣҹΪһ֮мѾְ̣գ
ڨڨЦתͷī룬īͷװûȻԹԵغžơ
ޣ˭ţѾߣ峤ϵıŮɫҿҰĲС˵ʲôʱͻᱻңýȢˡ
ٻЦһһƾƵСزСزߡĹεļһ첻ͶѾߣĶ˵㣿ҿǻǱ˼ҵˡ
Сزվۿ죬߷ߵصλεһۣڿն
һˣһ峤Сز뿪ɿ켯ϡ
Сز
ǰ
׻æվҪô˵߾߰һء
ߡ
ٻŭСزˣգۼʧʡ
񣬰ٻѾû׵޷ҪЮףܹģֻ뿪ܲζ
壬ģСزȡֵˣӾͺˡ
īվ׵ļ
̾ϢԼҪţˡ
顣
ȵСزһ˵ӰʧʣελûŻŵߵǰһ֣̿ǡǲʲô飿𷣣
׶ʱЩЦã˰֣û£ǣա
ελһ涣ڵأǲ
ΣֻԽŮһһ𣬶ʱһŮе˱Ƕһ
׿Цá
ŮˣȻǸ鷳


1653 
Сزһȥ֮ϯҲβ
īǰƻжܹȫ׿ī롣
īƬ̣Ҫһʱ䡣
á׵˵ͷǾֵʨֵٶһꡣīǰȬ֮󣬾ʨֵܵļգ
׶Ʊ΢΢̣ڴ֮ǰұҪʨֵһɫơ
֪ڿɲǺǵ
Ѿ⡣
޲ɢϯڵĵȫ㷹֮󣬸ϣ׷ǰ׹ָ
Ҫ̡⽫೤ϣȫظء
ܿ죬㳡ϣڸϵʿ׷ȥһƬǽ壬ȥɨ
īкһԹԵؽ˱ڲһؾУʼչˣ˳㴧Ħ״е׹塣
ֻҪܹ˳Ħ׹壬īܹΪ׹ޣʵһɳ죡
뱦ڲ׶ڱ֮ϣЦе
кҪ£
Щŵס
ֵṹɷ˽⣿ʵ
ֵʨֵܣŽֶΣǣǷǳ˽ġ˵ͷ
׻˵֪֪˰սĵʥȻġ
á
΢΢һЦھ͸ҽֳʨֵ֮⣬Щֵһĸ֣
ɤӣһһʮؽ֣ܹа˸ϣϣʥĸֱ֡Ǵϡɡϡߡϡٹ
װͷ
Χһƺţʨֵλ龳ĸ򣬻λʥĳϣۺʵոճҪ߳١
ʥĳϣһȽϺ֣
üͷһ
΢΢һһؿף㲻Ҫְգ
Цŵͷ
ʱһûϵ׸ոճڣҪƺ֣
δҲ̫ˡ
ˡֱԡڸոճȣƾӲƴֻ»ֺá
Ȱ
ζһЦ˰֣˭˵Ҫȫ濪սˣֻҪֵʨֵ֪Ž岻Ǻ۸ڣܹĴڡ
ҳڣΪҪɱӺšõ̤ʯȻƺˡ
һЦ
΢΢һɤ۵ء
ԭֻҪһɫƣһҪȫ濪ս
ֵλʥϣдʥ쾳磬ӣûҪҵǳѡ
ϡߡʥ쾳磬ͳȫʨֵ֣ǸӲӡңأʨֵܵıýӽ
ϡٹʥľΪȻսλʥĳУͻǣͳʵĺʵڵĵӳԾ˿ͷҪҪٹ֡

ʥ쾳ٹô
׵ͷһЦһͳʵĺкΪʲôŵĵӳԾ˿ͷ
һᵽɫ࣬̾ȫһʥټףǹ룬ˮ֣⣬źȥ硣һνУٺնɱǧӡ
ãҾٹĺ΢΢һЦվ׼
ȥټתߡ
á
˭룬ҡҡͷЦͬȥˡ
ʲôˣһʱס
Ц˶˷׸ҪҲ·һ˾㹻ˡ׾ֹͶ֮䣬ʾǿţ岻ѡ

ӦᲽһȵشӱзӶָ·ܿ죬˾ͼ粢磬ڵķӶȥ
㲻֮ǰҴˣʱҵıա
ҹָͨ·ˡ
׸һ·Ϳռɣɽǰһ
á
ͷӦ䣬͸ܵһ׵ıڲ
һ̣ವһ׽̤ӡٶȻʮ˻ûһӰڰзӶ̼䣬ͷɳ￪⡣
ڲɵһΣЩЦá
ԭ·ٶ̫ˣΪչģûֱ˵ƣһڣԼıУӶлӿ·ĽŲ


1654 Ӥ
ָ֮£һƬľɭϿա
ȥһ޼ʵֺľд䣬ƣһɼҸصĸо
ಣ
һΣƾմ׵ıзӶ׵ǰ
Ѿ֡
һΧĻָϷ͵ٹڵĵˡ
׵˵ͷһʱһֻİҹħƾճ׵ļͷ
ণ
ҹħֽһӿһɺ׸Уʱ׵Ϣƾʧ٣Ӱޣƹһ
ҵıУͰĿҵıݰաһЦ
ҡðɡ
Щ鲻ԸԥƬ̺󣬻ǵ˵ͷӦ
ʵϣ׵ʵ̹ȻֻԪΪսȴʥܹ󼰵ġ
׵ԣǵװæҡ
ವһһӣֱӽ˱ڲ
ţ׽̤ӡɿسϷӶȥһ·֮ϣֺϿշӣУоͺƮƮɵˡ
ת֮䣬׾ͷɳ￪⣬ٹڵĲԽԽˡ
ۣۡ
ȻһӤ䣬׵עסˡ
ʲô
ͣ½ŲתͷŶԶȥȻŨ񣬵ʩչѰۣܹؿһԦһ߲ʷ̺ϷӶȥ
̺ԼǧףԼף߲ʷ̺֮ϣһϽĿǣںϽڲȻһ۾ûſӤЩӤһӣŤڷ̺֮ϣһʹ۴ޡ
һȥǺϽеӤپǧ֮ࡣ
ЩһץӤ
׽üЩãЩӤӤһʹޣ˸о絶ʡ

ʱ׵ԺУûжϴЩӤץιĿ
ʲôǧӤȻǺĿ
õһһʱŭɱ
ǳ̣Ⱥ̳ԳӤԽÿһ£һͷҪ̳Ӥ
֪ٹÿ궼ҪץʮӤι


û뵽ֵٹȻźּΪа֣ϧѲӤιд
׵½ŲһתɿسԶ߲ʷ̺ϯȥ
ҪɱӺֵʨֵƣ֪ڲܹӡ
ڣ׶ֵӣѾﵽ˼㣬޲ָΪƽء
ಣಣ
ηӣΪһ⣬һͿ߲ʷ̺
߲ʷ̺ϣһϽ֮⣬аʮʿͷһˣһϮɫףǸԪʥߡ
ţ
ˡ
ܵԶٿӰ̺ϵͷˣתͷ׵ķ򡣵㹻ʱʶɢֱת
ӳĪĸӤˣ
һʿʵ
ᡣ
ͷҡҡͷȻѾص˴ӪĸֵٴҲ̤һ̽һ£֪
ߣǸСӣȻҲҳҵǰ
ͷͷһЦ˻֣߲ͣʷ̺
ţһӣһ˳Űʮ£ڵس׷Ӷȥ
վס
СӣǺηʥΪҰ
һƽըװıԴ׵Ķ䣬õضɽҡϣʮֳַʿΧ£
Цеͷ죬赭дֻ·ѡ˰ҹħİ׽ԼϢάңһǰʿԲ׵ʵΪ
·
ԣͷ죬һЦЦСӣδҲ̫֪ߵغˡֵأһܹ㴳𣿡
˵ˣҪᴩ㣬ҲøΪͽаգΨˣֵܹء㵹ãֱֵֺϿշУ޼ɵؿҵҿǻòͷ˰գ
ͷЦһɨס
Ǻǣ˵ô죿
˫ֱأһνģ
ͷʱȻŭͷ𣬡ô죿Ҫôͷ£Ҫô͵·Ǯ
˵ţ߷ߵػһеķ
·Ǯ٣
ЦЦ
ʮ裡ͷһھҪۡ
ãû⡣
״Ӧطǳˬ죬ǵǰװͳһǬ
ףû뵽ײȻһͷ򣡡
СӲֻ磬Ȼܹһ־óʮǷǺĹӡ
ٺ٣һʮ֮ٽСɱˣϻиıɲܽͷķˡ
ʮʿһϲЦտȲҪɱ˶ᱦ󷢺ơ


1655 Ϊ
˻ȵĿ£ͳһǬ׼Ǭʱ׵˻ȥ
ʲô˼ͷЩŭ
Ŷһ¡
죬һȫȻµëͷСӣ˵ֵĺʳӤץĳӤӦþǸĿգ
ʵľͱʣ
ͷһ
ͷı飬׵ʱһƣʣͷĬˣĻΪʲô״
ĥ䣬콫·ѽ˵ĻҸıͺĪˡͷ첻ͷشߴٵ
ǺǣҸıˡ
΢΢¶һڰѡͷǵͷ׵ݵǰһ˵ȣһĨζЦݡ
ʲôҪǵͷ
ƾһֻëͷСӣ
СĪǻòͷˣҪѰ·
ʮʿһЦ鲻ԽЦ
Ȼһ̣ǾȫЦˡ
ͣ
ֻһ̶Ľ˺һӣһķ֮ʱϯֱӽΧĿռ˺ѳһϰɵĿռѷ졣
⧲֮£ڳİʮʿȫ񱩵Уգۼ鱬ĲƬ
һΪʲôܹ˺գ
ԭһһֱڰϻúԩ
ļһŹġ
һĲҺУȴȫšΪİ࣬˿ûͬġ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻ̲һʱ䣬ԭΧ£İʮʿȫ֮һغ
Ψףأն
ǺǣҲеˡ
ҡҡͷǵس߲ʷ̺Ӷȥ
ӣһǸɱ񡭡
ۣ˭ҡ
촵쾯ݣɱ֡
ػ߲ʷ̺Χʮʿһ׺֮նɱ˰ʮʦֵܣȫɵۣȵʱһ޵Ų·ɶ
ϧѾ̫ˡ
ͣͣͣͣ
ֻһƿһĵâԽӴܵʿɱȻǳն
һؽͶϾɱ֮˷̺֮ϣŴ򿪺Ͻ
˭룬ЩϽǳʵΧһС͵ķ
ĸӤŽЩӤġ
̾ϢһҪ߶ԪСغ俪Ͻ
š
ವһƾճ׵ǰЦеؽǽƾͼƣٰѺӤĻһӽٹʱҲǵע⡣
ǰһЦŵ˵ͷһӣֱӽ˱С

ٹ㣬㲻¶档ȫᣬһ˴߶߲ʷ̺ϷӶȥ
ֻвִܹٹĲˡ
ಣಣ
һʱ䣬׾ԶԶؿһֵɽɽµλãһƬɽȡ
ʱ˿̣ٶͷɽ뻮һźϻ
ʿһֳֳìһ߼ԦźշתŲһ߻еĳìͷųһһĹ˳Ϊֻǲûȫ߶ԪȻõضɽҡ𵴡
ҿɽΧȲ˷󣬷ĻԲɭֶһ
עǣɽһڼ׵꣬һϣ۾ŰϵɨɽеȻֵٹ
ʩչϻ𣡡
ٹͷһ³һˣ
໣໣໣
һ̣ٶڽʿ׷״߶ԪԦµĺһ춯صĺХ
ٶͷͬʱХɽʯ䣬
ã
ɽ䣬ٹ΢΢ͷƺǳӡ
ţ
Ȼٹ΢΢ͷԶɶ߲ʷ̺һƣ̫ˣĿˡ
ˣػ󡣡
ٹûô鿴˵ݣ´
ܿ죬ɽеػ󣬸ȫ
ǺǣǸһٹô
бһ۰ɽĺڼ꣬һЦĿһתɽеĺʿʱ˼ص˵ͷ
Щڼʿȷһ֧֮ʦȻܹʩչϻ
װ̾
ģΪʲôôŽ͹Īǲˣ
ʱһ뷢ŭŵ׳ŭһߴ١
߶߲ʷ̺ɿؽɽ룬һϽչ¶ٶͷǰ


1656 
໣໡
ͷһ۴޵ĳӤȫֱˮһǰڿգз˻ȲسźϽɱȥ
ϵʿ׷׷úóӤ
գۼ䣬ͷΧ£ںϽΧһسײźϽҪӤ븹С
ιСӣİգϿ콫Ͻ򿪣ѵҪȭͷ𣿡
뷢ŭŵ׳״󺰴С
Ͻǿҿ˵ĳӤԣһ㶼Կ״򿪡
һ̺ⷨԿףһϽԿ׿ףƥ䣬ϽͻԶ򿪡
ŶһǵϽΧһȺһߵĺɧѡ
Ȼתͷ׳һЦ˵Ѫɫһ
ʲôѪɫ
׳һû뵽׻ͻȻ⣬ʱֵģСӣû໽ˣ㻹⳶
Ȼ֪Ѫɫһ֪ӵȭͷ
׳ŭһǵسףҪֽѵһס
飡
Ȼһ̣һΣһӰһһȭֱӺ׳Դ
׳ƺһ̱ڵء֮ǰôһ۵ļһȻӵ˿ֲʵ
ãеϮ
Сӣǵˣ
죬ɱ
׳ɱˣԶʿ׷׻еĳì׵ķ˶
ɽ䣬ٹСɧ˫ʶϯ׵һɨţ˫Ȼûн׸С
ٶʿڣַӾͿնɱס
໣໣໣
ͬʱͷҲƵسףҪײ̤븹С

һЦһֱӽʮ׷˳ͣ׷ȼգһ״˺
顭
ͻϵ׽٣ú⧲գ֮䣬ϰͷ
ɱ
һӣֱӽϽԼıУţ̤ӡشں֮У֮ͣĵ⽣Ӱһͷͷ͵ḻ́Ѫ֮С
ʲôһԪĸ֣
ңлŴ׷δҲ̫˰գ
ɽ䣬ٹ͵˫һ˿â
֮ǰٹʶ̽һ׵ľΪֻˡ
˭룬׾ȻǸԪĸ֣
ңսǳֲǹƥںȺУɱһܵ
лŴ׷
ҵģ֪Ͳ뿪ҵĺˣ
һգȻٰǵˣǵĺ䵥ʱ֣
ҪʬΣ
ʿһųìڵɱΪԲܰװ
ʿ֮Ϊʿ˫赣ȡ̣ʮһ䵥ֻһȥܰˡ
ϧٶǰֻһЦѡ
á
תͷ˶ٶʿһһɳ

һ̣һƽըף쳹׺Ҷ£ÿһףԶԪʥγв
ʮϰ£ɲǼ䣬ͺɱʮδѵʿ
ʱʣʿо壬ʼǰˡ
ɱɱɱ
һ
һħƽצͳϣΪһɱ񣬷¾ź
ס֡
ɽٹڰ಻סˣڿշӶ£Сӣſҵĺ
˵ţһɰʥϯ£ѹú໲Һ󳷡
ЦתͷٹһƵģ
ƾ㣬
ҡͷһЦһЦ
㾿ǺηʥΪδĻǵҵɽҰٹһһëʸС
ʱһɺȻ
ʵúá
ͦظȻڵգҪһ˵
ڣ
ٹһȻû˵ڵš
໣໡
ؽװΧһ죬ȴݲǰ
롣
ײͷһӣֱӽѪɫٻ˳
໣໡
ʱһŭϯ죬ǧɵѪɫƾճɽϿա
Ѫɫһ֣ͽһͨ쳹صϯ£ҡػΣɽʯ䡣
أء
һͷͷںƵѹ£ȻعڵأΪ𾴵Ĺ


1657 ߱ʷ

ǺԳı֣ȥؿнͷǰڲݵϣ߿еİѪɫ
ȻǱѪɫĺƵѹסˡ
ʱ˿̵ĺȫѾɥʧս־
쿴һȻһٻ˰Ѫɫ
Ǵ˵еѪɫ𣿺ÿֲ
ˣǵĺƺѪɫȫˣѺս־
Ҵٶʿسڵصĺ׼Ѫɫһս
໣໡
ȻûٶʿϵǧɵѪɫͷ˶£һצ˺צ֮䣬һͷͷڿ־аȥ
顭
ʱ䣬ʮͷͳΪѪɫĸʳޱȡ
ʲôȻŰ˵еѪɫ
ٹĿŴɱķѪɫͷ৶䣬ٿ׵Сӣ㾿ǺηʥΪܹ˵еѪɫ
ٹ׵ݣе棬ͬʱҲе־塣
ʵ̫ɲˣ
֮ǰ˵Լڵǣٹû˵ʲôڡ׵һһܹٹĿ࣬ĵļɵ
ಣ
ʱһӰƾճ׵ǰȻֳַɱڵ
һ֣ٹ̾ע⵽ˣһٹ͵һɫ˫㣬
Ǻǣٹձڣ
Цٹͺǿһͷ׵ĸ򣬡㲻Ҫ֪Եλ˭Ҹ㣬ҵڵ
һȻؽ֮ܵǰδȣεǣǵԴڳԴţҪһɫҵǣҪпļһ
ԭǾǴ˵еڡ
ٹпһŪ˫֮ĶԹֻٹɻˡһԪļһƾʲôܹΪڵ
Ҫ֪ԵΪǸʥ֣
۾ΪҪ߳һ󾳽磡
˵龳īˣ
һʥƾʲôݵλҪī֮ϣ
ѵ׵ʵ龳ī뻹Ҫ
һˣٹ亹ֱ
ʱѪսѾٹΪͳ죬ݲаȴȫ߶еëʣ׷ߣҵҪʵ
˵ţһƾдһɱ֡
ʷ䣬ټһɱ֣Яױȵɱȥ
ƣ
״߶ħƽצӲһһû飬Ѫ
Сģ
ǰеؿס
ȥѪɫɱʿٹҾͳˡһƣھδڵѪʼ
㶣˳صͷӦǡ
˵ţתɽڲʱ˿̣ѪɫϰʿɱذѪɣǲҡ
ΪĲǵǱʷ棡
ܹͽֽҵǿһҷǳȣƾŰ벽뵲סҵıʷ棬Ȼǳ˵Σ
ٹһ֣סףΪˣһǰֽд߸ɱڵġ֣
߸ָһΣ̺ſֲܣ𵴣ƺ̲޾񳱡
ΪĲǵǱʷ棿
üͷһһЦСӣ˵е˼ֻǣǰһ֮ܣһ̸۵Զ
һֱӽħƽצڣһζЦضٹ㲻ΪǿŰ벽ŵǿһ𣿡
벽ҵҪͽ״̬£Ϊıʷ棬ɱҡ
ױ˫֣Ȼٹ

ٹɫŹֵضףûϵ»˿Ŀ˵ļһ
ֻԪˣȻʥ쾳ٹʱˮֱ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ٹƾеһ߱ʷ棬һ֮ɱʥ֡۹ʥܹᲢ۵١
ħƽצٹһɳԾɱ¾ˡ
Сӣݵò񣡡

ֻһƽըװı߸ַȥֻһ춯صıըǧսǳ飬޾һ˲ûס
ˣ
ٹһתһе߱ʷ棬гޱȡħƽצǾԲܿһĴġ


1658 
Х̳ɢȥ
ٹĿһĻ󣬶ʱӡ̳֮Уһ˶ţ޳ǰȫŰɫۼף磬һǵɱϯ
㡭ǣ
ٹɴţۣ˼ضǰޣ÷ŷӦһĭȻܹ
ȫϽۣ߸ֺըأԺףٹε
Ǻǣ㲻֪ء
һЦ΢΢°ͣòмĿⶢٹڣֵҳ˰ɣ
ٹ΢΢һ
ಣ
䣬׽̤ӡƹһٹ
ͣͣͣ
ţĵâÿһâ̺ſֲԪĲ
ٹۼֿ죬æеëʣһдһ⡱֡⡱ָһд꣬һˮ֣ƾֶ¡
䡭
Ȼնĺ£ָһγɣȻըѣˣٹϣ˺ѳһǵ˿ڣѪ硣
ۡһٹһΣЩӸ߿׹¡
ǺǣһûأͳŲסˣ
û޵ףЦеر˫֣ſѪٹ
СӣٹһӢܻһ
ɱҾͲˣʥ֣ȻһʥĶ֣
ٹɱۣе߱ʷ棬ҲƵס
顭
ϧڻû޵ǰٹһɳȫ׵Ķ֣׵Ŀը£ٹ˿ûлֵĻᣬ˾һɳһ÷ȥѣѪɡ
飡
ڣٹֲи֮£ҵһ϶Դ׵Ĺ˳ۿѪ
Ǻǣ˵ĺţնɱǲٵˣҾһɫƵġ
Ҳ֪ڲʲô߹ַģɱһӣҶʮٱҪ
ЦɫͫףɢһĨǵĮ
໣໡
ɽڲѪɫνǴɱ䣬һٶʿ֮кֱײɱ¾
ȻʿΪ£ǣʥǰȫһټϰ׶Ѫɫʿֻбķݡ
οѪɫܹ˺ѳһռѷ죬ʮʿУɥ
ɱһѪɫʿȫţֻɢӴܵķݡ
С֣ҺʿţҾҲŹ㣡
ٹҧŹǣ߷ߵضףвɵҡ
ʱ˿̣Ϊһʥ֣Ԫ׸ȻûһԽУ˵ĳС
ٹʹģǲɱĺʿţ
Ѫɫķ¾£ٶĺʿȻ˵ˣûлᣡ
֣
ٹ͵ش߶ڽʣԪҲƵسԶӶݶȥ
£ٹӲƴֻ·һΨһܹģֻʮΪϼˡ
ֻҪܹʨֵڵıôڱչ˵ʨֵܣ϶Ԯȡ
ʱ龳ʨֵܣΧף׾ʮ
ӣ
Цһ̤ӡͺһҹħ
ಣ
ʱһŨҵĺϯ׵ȫУţһ৵һգٹ
ٹ߶ŽʣԪҲƵӴܣȻûӳԶһ͵ǰ
գ
һһӣһʮɵĿռѷ죬ƾճٹǰʱһɿֲϯֱӽ⧲ٹС
Ҫۡ
ٹҺһҪӿռѷѳϧѻ췦
ಣ
ʱ׵Ӱһٹͬʱ˿ռѷڲ
ȥ
״һӣķϯ䣬ٹ
ţ
⡭ʲô
ٹر˫ȻĵȴƬ֮󣬲žط֣Լûбһ˫ȻԼһֹŹֵķġ
ԶĵطȻվһӰǻûεס
㡭Ϊʲôܹ˺գ
ٹһĭԼ˫
ЦݵĮֱضٹһԲ
϶ǵõа۵ķ򴫳УĪǡǴ˵еŽ壿
ٹʲôʱʧһ˼ضס
û뵽㻹˵ҵţеʶ
΢΢һЦ


1659 ʮ
õ׵Ŀ϶𸴣ٹɵһϵľ֮ɫŨԭڵŽ壬ѹ龳ĸ֣Ҫλˡ
Ž壬УҪɱҪУϤ㣬ҾԲһ
ٹضס
Ǻǣ𼱣ǧַʽԽĥȥҺúýĥһ֮ٽɱ٣
¶һĨаȻЦݡ
ʱ˿̣ٹȫͷŶķķӡˣȫãϵ⣬׸
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫǧַʽĥٹʹ
ôС֡
ٹϢһϣɫǺ죬Ȼʮֲʣȴûκΰ취
Ƭ֮ٹ̾һ̧ͷף壬ҶǴˣ֪ҽձɡǣֻҪԸһˬ˶ϣҾԸ⽫һܵĲƸȫ׸㡣
һЦ˵ͷã㲻Ǹˡ
Ƚëʸգ
ٹ߱ʷ棬һɶõʥ
Ҫҵ߱ʷ棿
ٹЦһұһеһ֧ëʣҹдܹһ;ǻԵɺϣ֧ëʣǷƷþѪ࣬ҹɣ߱ʷһǵòģ
ţ
׽üٹǲײĲᡣ
ʱ׾׼ʩչֶΣĥٹ
š
һɫãٹһԼı磬ұеıӦûġ
ɫԻͣͺһһεԪ͵ӿٹıڲ
һٹڲıأ״۽硣
ȥһ衢ʯѵɵСɽɢŶĿı⣬һЩǧʯϾ󶼶ѵһСɽֱһ
üһû뵽ֵһϣȻӵ˾޴ĲƸ
׵һ߶Ԫһʯʯأȫٹıо˳Լıڲ
ȻٹռУͷŶķģϯԲĿռ䣬ȫõĻҡ
һʱ䣬׾ͽٹеĸĵرݣȫΪС
ţ
Ȫ
Ȼǰһһƿ֮УšƿʱһƢҩζڱǣײɵȫˬ
ƿУʮȪ
ؽƿ˱УЦݡ
һսۣײȫʤһջķᡣ
壬һĲƸѾȫѹȥˡڣԸһʹ˰գ
ٹƽ
һЦı̸һʹ졣
׶ٹëʣ顣
˵ˣҪҲûá
ٹһһȻǳһëʸٻ˳
һӣëС
ٹ΢΢ͷ˫ȴ׸һʹ졣
˳ջ¡

͵һƺҶһٹȻѣֻʣһͷ­£һס
͡
һ׵ָٹԴ֮У̼佫˶ϡ
ԵʴȣǶԼ̡
ھþɳ˵ġ
ԣڿٹʱûа֮ġ
һ;֮٣ʿ磬һǿʳ硣
֮Ա衢򣬾Ϊڲǿ
׳ڣڵһ̨ףֻܹϡ
ţ
Ȼնɱٹ֮еëʣȻһ죬Ϊһ̲Ѫɢ
ëʾȻˣ
ΪŻΪ޵ëʣипǧѹٹ˵ҵòëʣˡ
źҡҡͷ׼ʶӣ»ص컯ɾȻһűĽɫֽţ׵ע⡣
ʲô
׶ȥֻһűĽɫֽţѪ֮зӶƯڰУֽ֮ԿŴӬͷ׭ɷ裬˹ǿһۣ;ú׹Ԩ֮Уͷʹѡ
׵תͷǿŲȥɫֽϵĹ֣۹۱ǱǹģԴ߶ڵԪաת·ߣϵתš
ܿ죬ͷѵĸоʧˣָ̨һƬ
׵״̬һУһεͽɫֽŸ֮С
ȥֻɫֽϣɷдʮϵ֣ÿһ֣̺ŽȻͬİ壬ɲ⡣
ʲôֱһ飡
׿ٵɨһ۽ɫֽϵĹ֣еʮ𺳣ɫֽţܹԿʮϵ֣ÿһ֣̺һר塣ʮ֣ܹ̺ʮֲͬİ巨򣡡


1660 Ѫܵͷ
ڵѪտˮط
û뵽ٹϣȻ
ŽɫԿ̵֣Ϊ϶ɣÿһֶ̺һֶصķ塣
׵ٵڽɫֽܹܿܵɫֽϵĹ֣Խ󣬾ԽǻɬѶ
ɫֽϵ֣ͷһɱ֣ǿһۣܹܵһɱ֮
ľȶʿ¹ǿһۡɱ֣ҪѪңѪֹ
ڶǡէһۣ͸оһƬУǧǳӦѣҡػΣձ
׶ʱоȫһ˺Ѱʹæ۾񣬵Ƭ̺ǻָƽ
ţٿ֡⡱
⡱ָһֶӡʱյĹоŷּӣ˾ͺƱʩչ˶ȫá
ɼҷ߶ԪתȦǰ˸š

ʮ飬Խ̺ķ壬Խǿֲ
ٹд֣ǰļ֣̺ķ壬ܹĦ͸̺ķ壬ҸĶ֣
еĽɫֽţ־ϲɫ
Լܹ֮նɱٹȫΪԼƿа۴һַ壬ܹ˺գٹڱ֮
ٹڱλɱôٿصа۰壬ûֲˡ
Ҳ£ٹҲǵһɾ񡣷ĻǽĳؾеõⱾʮ顣
׸пⱾʮ飬ٹֻǴĦ֣ʥ磬ǽʮȫĦͨ͸ǽﵽһʲôľΪ
е㲻ˡ
Ψһܹ϶ǣⱾʮ飬һȫڡķֵǣ
ٹ֮ǰûнʮ˵ȻǲҵõⱾ顣ϧǣһǷܡ
СؽɫֽǬ˵Ļϲ
Ȿ飬ĵ·ԽԽ
ȥ
һ컯ɾʶӣ߶壬һӣһһռѷʱǰ
һΣͻصɽϿա
ʱ˿̣ѪɫҲ̽ս
Ѫɫķ¾£ֻǵļʿ˵ӹһ٣ĺʿȫɱһա
໣໡
Ѫɫ·ɣʿѪ⾡˸С
أء
ʱԶһľ
ţ
Ǳˣ
΢΢һЦԶա
ΪֵϿգо޷ԣȻɽϿշ˼սԶ֮ĵطҲһۿ
ϵĺɢڸʮ־
һжΪʱ
ٹսսپǰǰ󲻹һӵʱ䣬˶̵ʱ䣬龳ʨֵܣҲѺ缸ʮϵ
ɵúãգ
״һӣֱӽѪɫ˱С
Ѫɫõ׵İһϲڱ·׷ɣѪˡ
Ѿսɨϣɻ˴սƷ
һǬ
ʶһɨ̽ǬУֶһЩסƷʶڣһЩ߽׵ʥ׶
ЩսƷպãȻȥ֮󣬷ַҵױĲ¡
װ˰֣
л
һЦӵĺ붼Ų
֪ʨֵڵıĸλ𣿡
תͷ
Ҳ鿴һ¡
𣬷ϸ߿գΧĻܿжϣǸ򣡡
ѭָķȥһƬãʩչѰۣܿ죬Ϳʮ֮һƵıʹ
ǺǣֵıķǳֺڣҾҪʨֵһѵ
һֱӽǹ˳ǣ˫ۼ͵𣬶ʱһɰ˫ֱۣӽǹһ¡
һȫѪûɵƾճڹϡ
һֱӽٹԴڹϣָһɣݵһһѪܵͷ­ͺᴩգԳʮ￪Ļʹȥ
ʹ죡
ʨֵܣٹͷ­ҪѪ˰գ
˷ܵ㵸۴Ц
ʱظˡ
һ
õġ
ͷӦзǳ˷ֽš


1661 ȥ
ಣಣ
ӣسԶշӶȥ
˾ȵǣʱǳѸߵʱȴһȫ׷ļơ
ĽƵŵùǺնɱֵٹʨֵܿ϶ưոݵġ
Ѿ˾ݣҪ˶þͻἯǰ׷ɱǣʱǵĴͷǳΣˡҿǱüӿٶȣ룡
һؿס
ζһЦ΢΢ҡͷģڣˮڣʲôΣյġ
˵ţһӣһƽٻ˳
𣬺𡭡
ʱǧɵѪɫƾճڰУһԻʹĻƽƳ졣
Ļҡ˵ûһ׷ɱȻˣǱҪ÷⣬ߵɣܸڶ
һЦһԾ˻ƽ
÷⣬ߵɣ
ϢһϣɵһЦá
תһ룬Ϊڵһһڵ棬ȷҪһЩ
ңȻֻԪ磬ȴƿа۴һַ壬ֵ׷
ʨֵ׷ɱҲܹݲȵضռѷбס
ŸʲôϽϳ
׿ͷشߴһ
һϲû뵽ԼҲʸϻƽô˵еѪɫԥһԾ˻ƽ
𡭡
ֻһХƽڿն𣬾ԳԶϯȥ
ͬʱʨֵڵĻʹϿգһһ֦ƳգƵһһѪܵͷ˱ϸ߸ҵ̽ϡ
̽ɷд֡֡
̽ңȴǱһѪܵͷˣɺѪˮͷӿټһ̽ҸȾôĿġ
󵨣
˵ַ
ಣӰӻʹзӶնһɹɾ춯صĿֲϯ£ҡػΣ
ȥӰһϽۣŻʹڣٲȻһ֮ࡣ
īڳһڵһʱϳӰͷʨֵܡ
ʨֵܣֵͳ죬ӵ龳ΪĹ׷Ǹ󡣶ĺһСɽ˰ࡣĲǸüĿ㣬ͦꡣ
ͳˣ
ͳˣˣٹڵĴƺ˸ˣ
ʨֵܸһ¶棬ǧΧ£һӳǶ㱨
ͬʱֵĸ䣬ӿ˴ʿɸ죬سٹڵɽȷӶȥ
Ȼ˵ҹ֣
ĲҽУģֱǲˣھʹ˸ϾɱҵҪǺηʥȻҰ
ǿ쿴
ĺָŴϵһѪܵͷɫ䷢ٹɱˣ
˷׷̧ͷȥɵëȻͷƤһ顣
ֵٹȻɱһͷ̽ϣ
ģδҲ̫ˣһնɱٹٹͷֵϣֱڴǵ
֪Ǻηʥƣλͳһưոݵģ
˾Բ򵥣ĻҲϵĶֻ֣λͳԳˣ
ڳһϣɵ۷׷ס

ʱһƽ׵׳ԶշӶԸʿȫһµģ
ϣʲô֣
Ĺ΢΢ƽ׵׳׳ֵĶϡߡʥ
ҵ⼸Ҵߣ˵˷ǰֵˣڵ

ڵ
ԣʨֵȫ΢΢һһȫһ
λǸոճţī龳ִ֮ǰйλƴȴīļһˡ
ƺѾϢ̽ˣһһʮؽ
ԭǸīļһﴴţޣһΪǺηʥԭHС
һֵ֣ûܽǸīļһɱˣǿϧڣΪֵжд̣
֣īļһò״һƬɽΪ
ʨֵһ˵ھīţʱһͬʱݣΪ档


1662 ǿվ
λͳ죬õϢڵˣʮǰԶŽ壡
Դ䡣
䣬ȫһֵʿһԼĶ䣬ʧ
ʲô˵Ԫ͵ϳ̨ھŲ㣬ڳ̨һʶӵŽ壿ǿһﰡ
˵Ž壬û뵽һļһȻܹǫ́ϿɣԪ磬ȡʥֵʶӣԵ
˵ŽȻֻԪ磬ǣȴڻԵɺ֮£õ˹а۵һַ壬ܹھͶ֮䣬˺գռѷ֮Уǲ𾳽ĸ֣ûޣ
ûϵŽȻڵֳΪУ
۷׷ףŽţ䣬ǳϤ
Žô
Ĳһ΢΢¶һĨм֮ɫ˵ţֻһõʥ߰ˣֵþһֻϣ
˵ţһ£ߣұضŽͷ
ǣ

ڳʿ׷׻еıɱ졣
ţ
˭룬ûĲ׷ɱһУϴĹĳ׷ˣСթ
ʲô
ĲɫٿȻ䣬ͷ𣬡磬Ϊʲô׷ŽѾֵͷʺˣڶζʲȥ
ǲŽնɱƱؽΪ˵Ц
Ĳž޵
˵ˣĪ׷
ĹǳǿӲɨһĲܣȻΪ龳֣ǣоԵİսŽɱ𣿡
ĲɵһƬ̣վûг
Žǻа۷˶Ͷܹ֮˺ѿռ䣬˵ˣǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷ɱ
෴ķ壬˵ȴŷǳвһ⧲֮£˿ռѷУ룡
Ĺ侲ط
û
һԵĺҲǻŽȻֻԪ磬ܹǫ́ϿɣԲһ򵥵͵ϮնɱٹܾʧȥǣóȻ׷ɱû׼ѲһȦףϹأ
ߣŽ岻ֻԪ磬ʲôˣȦ֮УҲİȫػ
ĲأӲϷ
Ǻǣܣ㲻Ҫˡ
ĹĮһЦ֮ǰֵ֣ǿīϴһƽ֡īֶһܹ˺ѿռİ֣Ѿ·磡
ǡ
Ĳҧҧ޿κε̾ϢһطŽѾˣǵƾӡʿšˣնɱٹӣζҪһ
ȻʨֵܵĶţ
ĲϢ٣úưܷһһ˫ĿҪ
СҴı
Ĺ侲ģҪ˶Ǿܹ̤ƽڣ齣ֻǱѱǿվޣֻҪܹǿվ޳ɹѱǵоͶһơʱ򣬾īŽ֣ҲȻֵĶ֣
ϧȻȦǿվ޸ˣƾǵҪѱһ׵顣
еǰ취ĥǿվ޵־ҾͲţǿվβˮ֣
ĺ
磬Ҫѱǿվ޵ĹУҰǺãܷܲβܰգȥΪڵĺ԰ˣʲôʱ̣һ̣һ
ĲЩ
ģоԵʵȫ濪սˡŽ֮ٹ֣ˣƲʲô˻ġ
ֻҪలһЩߣʱעڵĶˡ
ĹĮ
ߣǳɹѱǿվޣ̤ƽڵӣʱСңһҪһ򾡡
Ĳҧгݣ޲ɱڣɱ䡣
ǺǣֻҪǵõǿվ޵ĸôֵһɳ죬ܵ
ĺЦ˫бһž⡣
ϣձ
ĹһӣǵسŻʹзӶȥ
ĺĲϡ
¶ڳʿһɫŹ֡
Ȼֵĵӣʨֵܵеǳ


1663 µʶ
ɰѪɫĻƽһ·سڵķϯȥ΢ḧϵյһƿƣš
һ̴̫ʹˣôãĴüһѣ
һµ
δ֮ǰֻбķݡ׽ҸͶ̾ʹһ̣ʵһڶ
ǺǣϷںͷڵĸȹ֮󣬳Ҫ̤ƽ֣ѩޣ
ЦݵȻ˵һϡƽ顣
ҸеģʨֵܾȻû׷ɱˡһʹ泩سһ
΢΢ҡͷûж͡
º׵ĻƽԻصڣһ·֮ϣƽʿ׷׹ʺá



ελˣѵȺڱϿգӭ׵Ļƽ
á
΢΢һЦһֱӽһ߲ʷ̺ٻ˳߲ʷ̺ϣڷһϽϽڲһ໴޵ĳӤ
ѽĶôӤ
ÿЩСΪζˣ
ελãһϽ໴޵ĳӤͲɵĸԴ󷢣һϧ
ЩֵٹץĳӤιĿƽ
ʲôٹȻóӤι̫˵ˣ
һӦŶԣ
ôµۣ
λεһ˵ӤǺĿ޵ñݽҧһʡ
ǷİաֵٹѾɱˡʿҲһٽˡӽҲûкʿˡ
Ц
ģ̫ˡ
еˣ
žôС
ελ˵
˵䣬ѾСؿ˺Ͻ߶ڵԪеǧӤСƵ߲ʷ̺ϣתͷελ˵ǶչӤ𣿡
ελɵһ㶣ʱߺС
׶ʱȻڨЦҡҡͷ
˵ελãٰĻƻŮŮ֮¶ãܹչӤ
ɣȥ峤ϰȱһвŮйľӦöչӤ
Ըµ
ãȥءװ˰֡
ȥһӵʱ䣬ʹ峤ϰȱ˱㳡ϡ
ЩӤҰɣұ֤źúúõġ
ȱһǧ໿ĳӤĶˣظױ֤
׵ͷãǾ鷳ˡ
ⶼӦġ
ȱ߶߲ʷ̺ԳķӶȥελòģҲͬȥ
ͽսƷַױҵĲˣ㻹ʲôķԸ𣿡

û£°ա΢΢һЦ

ȥȻû߶ԶȻԶһ¡¡𶯣ضΪ֮
ֲƣֽ٣Ȼһ׷̧ͷ컯ɾĺĵش
ʲôˣ
𶯣ֲ̫ˣԲΪɵģǳ̨𶯣
̨컯ɾĽʯ̨һ컯ɾҡΣѵ˻˳̨ϿɣҪڳ̨ڲһʶˣ
ڵĸ䣬ʿ½ڿնһĿԶ컯ɾĺĵش
Ȼ˵컯ɾޱ޼ʣƾ۸̨ǣ˽ʶ˳̨ڲôһӰӰ֮ϡ
һ컯ɾκһ䣬ܹһ
֮ôʶ컯ɾڿഫΪɹڳ̨ھŲ̨һʶӡ
쿴ɱϯ죬˻˳̨Ͽɣ
̨ڲʶԱ϶˵ʶҪ滻ˣ
˽Űÿʱ˺
һզп
˻ǫ́Ͽô
նĵشƮ죬ʮɡ
Ȼ˵׵ʶб滻ķգǣȴ˿ġ
Ϊͨ˵滻ʶӣͬһ̨ʶӡΪ̳а۷Եʣʶڲںһdַ׭ûκһʶӵҿ׵ʶӣ˵滻׵ʶˡ
񣬾µʶӵõ˳̨ϿɣҲġ


1664 
ȻײΪԼʶӶģǣȴΪһ峤СزһѺ
ϾСز츳ΪھΪҵĵھŲ̨ڲû̫ƣһµʶӣҪȡھŲ̨еʶӣôСزĴͷǳˡ
ಣ
Ȼһ۵ӰӻʹзӶ׵ԣתͷȥȻī롣
īǰҲˣЦī룬ī뱾ȫչˣĦ׹壬û뵽Ҳ಻סسˡ
ī뱳˫֣ңźĵشķһʱ룬̨꣬еʶӱƵ滻̨ľԽԽˣ
֪һ˭˳̨Ͽɣ
īͳһڴ֮ɫ

ͬʱ˿ڵɽϿգСزٻˣնΪŵضźĵشķһţ
˻˳̨Ͽ𣿡
Сز˫ֺʮԸҪңһǫ́Ͽ֮ԵٶȲͬն
ҵʶӱҵȡˣҵٶȽȵףԸҪ飡
Сزš
¡¡¡¡
ȵĿ£Բʮɵĳֹ̨ͣ˲ȥټĳ̨ȫ޾ı֮Уһɫʺڶڳ̨֮ϿգԣĿ
ڸŵʿ׷Ħ
Ǻηʥܹһڳ̨һʶӣ
ÿһ鶼Ϊڴ

ڣһͳϯӱ죬쳹ޱ޼ʵ컯ɾɲǼ䣬ϵʿ׷׳𣬽ĿͶ̨ķ
УŹŵʥȪȡ졢򶴿ߡǺ컯ɾĵشߴĸ߲㣬Ҳ׷һɢΪضų̨䡣
һɺƴͳеܴƽһͷݵĸо
ಣ
Ȼɫʺӳ֮£һűʶӣڶȻȭͷСȴ֮޾⣬ǧעȫסˡ
һ̣ÿһĺΪ֮ͣͣضöʶӡ
ڣĿ֮£ʶӾԷ˳̨ۣ֮ţ޾Ȫ۳𣬷·Ͼ죬ԽȭͷСʶӸԡС
ʶܵȪඥת·õһƵõɵĻԵȪĲϴˢ֮£ȭͷСʶӣ𽥱þӨ͸ԲϾˮһɢһĹ
Դඥ
ô˻ԵӽھܹһԴϣޱȵɣõҲˮ¾лˣ
׽žӨ͸ʶӣ̾
ڵʿȫĿɿڴԼгһҲܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӡ
ǿ쿴
Ȼ˾
˷׷̧ͷȥֻھӨ͸ʶڲȻֳһӰңӰɫʺ£ӳһϴ֮ϣ·һ뾴
ʱ컯ɾעȫ֮ϵӰϣһ۷׷ס
ȥؿϵӰһͦΣĹϡߣ䴩ŵ·һ۾ͿжϳʥȪȵһˡ
ʥȪȵˣ
״ʧɫ
ʥȪȵĻ죬ǻֶӣڰ˰ǰֻһ۷徳ʥֻ֣Ӵ伣
û뵽˰֮죬Ȼһˣһٽ龳۷徳磬ңɹϳ̨˳̨Ͽɣ
īҧгݣĮض֮ϵӰ
죿
һǻֶǵһۣ
īѪī޲ɱʥȪȣնʾڡ
񣬿ֶ죬˳ǫ́ϿɣīȻǳ⡣
ͬʱһڵɽϿա
ԭ伣˰ٶĻ죡
ңҡ죬ڰ˰ǰѾʥ۷徳ĸˣѾ龳ˣʶӣҪڵھʮŲ̨еģȡҵʶӣ
Сزص³һ
ʥȪȵĻô
ٻضϵӰһ񶾵ߴĳˣһҪһ壬̤ƽߴʬΣң
ٻ߬ȭͷ
Сزһ԰̾
ɹǫ́ϿɣһʥȪȵǿҪսʤߴɲһ׵顣


1665 ɱ
Ӱ컯ɾУ컯ɾһȻ󲨡
Ÿϵʿ۷׷ףȻûϵʧѾõĻ죬ͻȻ֣һǫ́Ͽɡ
ΪʥȪȵԵʣ򶴿ߡŹŵǺ졢ʨĵشеɥ»ʶӣȡŵʶӡ
֪ʶӣȡ˭
ʥȪȵˣ϶Ҫȡжˣ
ʥȪѾֲˣֶһǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣͷۣ
ĸ߲㡢ϣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ಡ
Ŀ֮£Ө͸ʶӣٿشգԳ˵ھʮŲ̨ס
ڸŵʿȫᵽɤ۵λá
Ϊʶӣ϶ҪȡжʶʱĿһĻˣ
һĻ˲컯ɾȫһԼ۾
𡭡
ֻһ춯صĵͺһʶһ˿Ө͸ʶӸȡ֮
ţǿ𣿻ȡʶӣȻǺպı롮غꡯʶӣ
غ꣬ʥȪȵĳϣӵŰ벽𾳽Ϊǳ˴ɫ֮ĵһˡ񣬻ȻغʶӸȡˣζʲôѵҪűλ𣿡
̫ˣû뵽ȡԼˡδҲ̫ˣôڶĽĻǾԲȡԼ˵ʶӵģ
ˣغ꣬ǲ𾳸֮µĵһˣ龳ĸܹȡʶӣѵѾǲ𾳽ĸҪǻֻ龳磬ƾ츳ΪҪȡغ꣬Ȼ̫ʵ
ͻĹŹһĻøŵʿȫզྪ̾һš
˭ûϵʥȪȵĻ죬ȡͬʥȪȵı롰غꡱ
غ֮컯ɾ֮ν
Ȼ˵غֻа벽𾳽ΪһЩĲ𾳽֣һβСľ롣ǣغȴЩ𾳽ĴܻҪ
ԭǳļ򵥣ΪغܹͬʱԵǳңڱԵϣͬʿмﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ͨ˵˫ԡʿ
ǣ˫ԡʿԣ໥ơ໥ų⣬ܹͬʱڵ
غ֣ܹͬʱļһǧ궼ѵһ
Ͼһ˵ĵռ䣬һ¯ҪͬʱԵ߻ħԱǺš
˾ǣغ겻ܹͬʱԵң軹ǳøߣ󼰡
ŵǣغ껹ԴһЩԵⷨؼԣͷųһЩ˵ķ
˵غʵڵھʮŲ̨ڲ˲𾳽Ĵܹѹһͷ֮⣬ʿûһʿ˵ԼľΪҪغһ
˭룬غʶӣȻ˸ȡˣϡǣȡغʶӵˣȻͬʥȪȵͬʦֵܣ
еƣʵ̫Ѱζˡ
ʲôˣ
ѵǷΪʲôȡжʶӣҪԼ֣
ȡغʶӣڴѹԼַֺͬõ飬ΪʲôҪ
һľתͷ˼еī롣
ܵѯʵīɿһ˼شûжϴ󣬱غ꣬Ӧ⵽ʥȪȵĴѹ
ʲôغ걻ѹˣȻһڱغ꣬ױкøеġ
Ϊغīĵʱ򣬾һ
غûʥȪȵĴѹǽһٸӣҲԼ֣ͬ
ī֮Ըҹȡغʶӣ϶ڲݣ
ڲݣզྪīǰû˭Ҫѹغꣿ
īЦһߵ˭ǻֶҰĺܴһֱغΪжд̣񣬶ץغİѱӶܹĿŵشѹغꡣ
˼ص˵ͷ
ʵϣغΪеԭȻ츳׿ѪڣȴһֱûܹʥȪȵĺĸ߲㡣
īԭǳü򵥣غ꣬ҵĸס롯ĽҵĸףΪʥȪȵĽɣѹʥȪȣҵıΪī룬ԴһͲ𣬱Ϊ֮ף
˵ţī͵߬ȭͷ˫֮¶һĨ޵ɫʡ
ǧԭ׷ĸ׷ĵϵҲֻбغ껹ö˶˵ػţû뵽ҲӲѹ³
īҧгݣͷ͹
īǰҪ̫ѹغǰ˱ҡװοһ
īҡҡͷҷ²˻ڤ֮ʥȪȵ顣ڤ˵غʥȪȵĵλԽԽԵҪնݳ
һΣغ걾ŴõĻὫնɱϧշһ飬ʥȪȵĸ߲ǳһЩĻļһͼӴ£غʥȪȵӷǳѰ
ⶼҶ𣬿ϧҲܰ
ī밧̾һ񿴵ʥȪȵĴѹҵзǳζ
īļ򣬽ü塣
īǰ˵죬ƾʲôܹȡʶӣѵľ츳غ껹Ҫǿ
׺
⻹򵥣
īЦһֻҪغˣ״̬ԣôʶҲð޹⣬ȡ׵öࡣ
죬Ǹɫ룬ƾԼľʵȡ벽𾳽غ꣬غˣ״̬ԣŸ˻һɳ֮
Ըغ겻ǱͬŴ˵ģĻҲ̫˺ˣ
ī
Ƭ̺󣬺Ȼ¶ʲôһˡ
ಣಣ
ӳǰ
Ǵϰʮȥ̽غ䣬һϢ棡ī
ǡ
ǡ
ӳҪ뿪
š
һӣֻ׻ȳٻ˳ǽЩ׻ȳϣ׻ȳ뵶ͨʲôΣգҲһӦ
л
л
񣬺ܿʹϰֻ׻ȳǶȥƬ̼䣬һʧʡ
Ǻǣ׻˵֮⸣֮Сκ鶼ԣīǰͱˣû׼飬һ¡
׵ȻһЦȰο
ˣˡ
īתŻʹڲȥϣ㼪԰ա


1666 ɱ־
ȡغʶӣΪһλǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡͬʱҲΪ컯ɾĴ
ʥȪȵţٶȱڿഫ
鶼ǳ棬Ϊʲôȡͬʦ֡غꡱʶӡ
ϧǣţʱΪһ֮ա
Ͽգڸϵʿɢȥ
ī뱳Ӱ²˻ʹУչˣĦ״еһ˿׹壬гһܹñ׹ޡ
£̤ʹѡһңͬʼ˱չǱޡ
̤Ԫ쾳磬ѾܾˡϧһֱδܴıݣӶлͻƿΪʥ֣
ʱ䣬ҪȫǱޣȡմԪƿ
һϣһȪʼһ̲ͣش߶ȫ
֮УŨܿͳ˵ɾһ㡣
ת֮䣬ȥˡ

һգ˫һ¶һĨɬЦݣıչǱޣȻҵеԪԽҵҲøӽ˶ǣһûܸܵıݡ
ҡҡͷֹͣ
һ;գԽԽǼѡ츳׿ſԪͣټǧ꣬ǼΪ顣
ҪԪƿһٲ磬Ϊʥ֡Ҫ㹻츳ѪҪһĻԵ˲С
Ȼ׹ΪĹʮеһŽ壬ҪͻԪ磬Ϊʥ֣Ҳûôס
ˣʱˡ
һ;ժĲ񡣡
׿Цһ˵֮£ͳɹͻƿıˡ
һˣһǬͳһűĽɫֽţ״ٹϽɻġʮ顱
Ȿʮ飬ҵġҲضáƿʱʮ飬˵벻ջ񡣡
һȫעؿʮϵĵһ֡ɱ
һ;ѭ򽥽һһӡȻ֪Ȿϵʮ֣Խ̺ķ壬ԽǸ߶ˡ
ǣ׻ѡӵһֿʼṵ̂ΪĹ֡
䡭
׵һɱֵͬʱһɱ֮һ̲ס
۹۱Ǳǹģǫ̈̄Ħɱ̺ķ塣
ܿ죬޾ĵ⽣Ӱ׵Ժ֮У׺һսڲȥĵ⽣Ӱɱ֮Ũء
ɱ
ǵصĵ⽣ӰԼɱ֮鲻Խرһ߶Ԫһ
ͣ
һӰϯЯȼյһ𣬺Ȼǳն
ϧһͱĵ⽣Ӱˣ̼ʧ١
ţ
ͷųĽȻĵ⽣Ӱȫһ
ʧ
նǲɶõɼҷȻδܽն̺а壬ȫĦͨ͸ǣҲΪˡû뵽ĵ⽣Ӱȴǲ˺Զ
ҵĳնǽ֮뽣ںϣɱȻҪѷһ
ڡɱϵУֻż𣡡
תһ룬ʹеԵɡ
һսУսɡɱֻûһþþУֻɱͷŵĳնȻ̺ɱȴǿң֮þȴ֮ءԣͷŶĽŻ˲һ
ÿֲĹս
ÿֲɱ֮
׽˫ȫĵ⽣Ӱ֮С
ʱ˿̣ȫս̺ɱˣʼȫشĦ
ʱ䣬һһţ׶ͷ৶䣬˻ҳȴȫ֪
ת֮䣬Ǵʱȥˡ
ͣ
һգ׳ԺûĻþУ͵ش߶İ壬ӳһ
һϡƽһû̺κεĽУһ񾪣ɱ
顭
ͷŶĽֱ˼ʮɢȻ顣
ˣ
һϲ͵˫˵Ŀϲ
ʱǳˡɱ־̺İ壡
ڣֶһɱУ
ЦվһϵĻҳƾʧ٣д󲽶
ʹ֮⣬ġ
㳡ΧվŻһһңĿ磬硣


1667 庢ͯ
Сһְա
Ŀһжʱ⡣
£״ǵ㳡ڴ
ݼ
ݼ
ڴһףͻæ˫ֱȭһʮֵعһ˿һи
һұչǱޡû˭ҹң
ʵ
峤ελλãҹΡ֮⣬Ǵҹ㼸Ρ
ӳ
׵˵ͷ
峤ϰȱԼӤ飬ڲʲôҪ飬ԣûдڱչǱ޵ס
ãԸȥô峤һΡװ˰֡
ǡ
£ӳͰȥ֪ͨ峤ϰȱ
ˣīǰûУ
ʵ
Ƕûпûгءӳµһҡҡͷ
΢΢һЦȻɫһ䣬ͱһĨɱ֮б
Ƶһһһͬʱܵеɱֲ֮Ʊ߸סˣһȫĺë˲ը𣬵ʱһŵͻ̱ڵء
ۡ
˻ӳܹ֧֧˵֮⣬ȫŵߵ˵ɥʧˡ
û뵽ҵġɱ˳ңƾһ񣬾ܹĻŵƨɥʧж
ҽɱ־ĦøӾһ񣬾ܹסǧ
зǳ⡣
ҪֱӶ֣ͷŽЧ϶УǰĻǰһ޷Ч֮£ֻ辶ɱ־û뵽ЧҪõöࡣ
Ǻǣֻ뿴һЧܾˡ
һЦеɱǰȫ𡣡
һһŻȫһʱЩŪ״Ƭ̺ȫʧЦû뵽ǽǸƷˡ
ˣǻΪʲô飬ǵ㲪ȻŭҪʹɱˣ
ӳһµס
һЦһӱٻ˼ǧ裬Щʹ͸ǵȥѹѹ
ǰüǧ裬ڳĻȫǰһһϲЦտл
лʹͣӸм
ңܳ
̶̵ʱڣǵͺɽһʱƶˣʱԨνǵ
Ż־ϲı飬׵ȻһЦ˫֣ƵسŻʹڲȥ
ǿ󷽣Ϊ˰ο˵飬һ־Ǽǧ裡
ȻҸղŵҪⶼֵõģ
ҰͲ飬ٺ٣һžܹõǧ裬ֵˣ
ǹĿʧУʩʩȻһ˷ܵǰļǧ裬˱ȡ

зݡ
ӳһеĻȫ֣ͣӳǰ⼸ǧ䣬ƽ䣬зݡ
һ˵ƽ䣬ÿһԹԣĬ
ԼĪһʱ䣬峤ϰȱελãһ·ҴææطӶʹʱ򣬸ΪͽǰС
峤ϰȱݼ
εݼ
¼
λΪ밲
ȱû뱦ڲһף͹ǰ
񡣡
װ˰֣Цʵ峤ϣ˵ұչصʱҹҼΣʲô飿
ȱȻһЦǺ顣һ٣ȱϼһĨõЦݣ֪һǰҰæչ˵һǧʮӤһûа;زۡðװ֣ġ
Ŷһûô̫ˡ
׵ͷһЦ峤ϣˣҪʹ㡣
ȱǰһ
ʵиҪҪ㱨
ȱ׼νͷչ˵һǧʮӤѾˣһ·˵ˡңҾǣЩСһƻȻֻ꣬ǸθܹʳһϲʳСһܹسһͷţ
ʲôĳӤѾ˵·ˣңǴθСһܹһͷţ
鲻ԽصһЩԼĶ䡣
ЩСһʲô
ܹ꣬˵·ңʳѰ׳Ҫֲ


1668 
˵ܳһ£˵Ѫʢอǿ
ĺͯһپܹһͷţ˵ЩͯอѰ׳Ҫǿδ򰾽°빦
Сһͨ壬ĺӡһЦ
²ĲСһĶͷϣһѪƣûпĻѪӦϹ֡˼ǡ
ȱЦ
ͷ϶һѪƣϹ֣üͷһΪ档
ӦϹеһ֧塯
һս塣ЩͯӦöĺ
ȱ͵
Ϲĺ᣿
һĭһĨõЦݣ˵ͷãúáֻǵһЩСû뵽ЩСȻϹĺӣֶһЩѪҺ
ȱελþӶЦ
峤ϣϹ컯ɾеΣʵ
һƵĺ壬ͽʮˣΧһǿɢϲԣǿȻʮˣȴɢڸ䣬֪岿䣬ϰٸ֮ࡣ
һЩ岿䣬ֻмǧˣ㲻һֻǵļ岿䣬ӵżڣһǿ
ĳӤӦǴӼСġϾƾֵĴа塣
峤ϰȱһһʮط
׶ʱüͷЩƣϰٸ䣬Ҫĺͯͻ岿䣬Ҳ֪ĸͣ鷳
һ׾գȽĺͯȵǳˣԼ֮󣬾ͷɣڣǻع岿䣬ҶԸ档
⣬Ϣɢȥϣ岿졣һ˵ܹ彻ãܵ
׵
ȱӦ
컯ɾֻһһѣǳܹߣڵķչǴġ

ʱǵؽ˱Ҿ
á
һʱϲЦտ峤ǧ庢ͯСޣĺӣ׼Щ庢̣ͯδܹΪڵ
Ǹ뵽һȥˡ
һ׵ĻʱЦúϲ£죬庢ͯ飬˵ˡ֮ǰҹ㼸ΣϣܹЩ庢̡ͯ峤ϱϾǰһ壬庢ͯ㡣
˷ܵش֣Цס
ʧЦԭд⡣
ƾʲôҪҽ庢̣ͯ
ȱʱֱţǰһ壬飬ͬһѺ֣δؾͲܹ庢ͯ
ǧ庢ͯδһɲСܹƿԼУ峤ϵİһ˵һ¡
˵Ҫ庢̣ͯȱȻǲԸġ
峤ϣ׻˵ҵרıΪţҲ庢ͯٺʲˡͲҪپˡ
΢΢һЦͳǬ˰ȱ
жʮ裬ÿһʮǶǵİ
ȱǰһ־ϲؽӹһǬЦúϲ£죬Ҳûһί˼ˡ
лȫһ߾ܣ庢̳ͯһ֧֮ʦġ񣬺ɡ
á
΢΢һЦȱѯһһǲˡ
ελһЦ棬ǵؿ׵ԣ״磬źס
ελȻҵѾߣҲܹʱ򣬻߱չصʱǶҪѧ÷ɲǡ
һ
Լǣǽöȥˡ
ελЦһ

Ȼ½һףŤŤ֪ʱĸ״չĳӤչ˵ÿɺˡһӣǾ̲סĸԴ󷢡
ʱ룬ʲôʱҲܹһԼĺӾͺˡ
һؿףֱë
ελҲؿף¶һĨ
ײɵöͷðعһ¡
Сﻰ˼Ҫް
˼ţвɵÿЦã˵ҵѾߣЩʲôҲʵǣελ峤ϵıŮҪĻҵ֣Ҿͱ뽫ңýȢˡ


1669 ٶ֮
飬ױǲִģʵϣΪһѪյˣ黹Ϊ㽡
ǣ¶һ󵽶Բԣ
Ȼελãò绨ǲɶõľˡ
ǣױϾѾãټСزѾŮˡ
ңСز׶Ǿ飬λε˵
׶ҪȽСزһ֮󣬲ܿελõ顣
Ҫ֪£ελһޣǺ롣
µʱڱʹ֮£Ƕ𣬻һ޶ϵ׶ֻбͷʹ޵ķݣ
˵ˣδȷϵСزͲһʡ͵ĵƣҪǱСز֪׸Ѿһޣ¶˵ͻɱڣȻ׵潫޻
ɲҪĽ
Ӵǣô׼ˣôҲ֪ͨһҲøʲôġ
Ȼһ⴫ƽըףԴ졣
ελãȫͷĿѣЩ̱ڵء
ţವһһöȭͷСı֣˻ʹڲ
ǰ
һ֣վɫΡ
û뵽ٻɲɣǡʱңҰֱӶ˻ʹѰס
ವһٻӰӱڲϯɫĮضס
ǰʲô罫ˣһʱС԰ٺ٣Сز𣿡
ڨڨһЦ۰Ͱ͵Űٻ롣
ߣ㻹ǵСزˣһζû㡣ΪĹεĶͽСزˡ
ٻûطһۡ
׵ʱεͷǰ˵Цˣǰһʱ䣬ڱչҲ֪ѾԪ쾳磬ҪͻƿΪʥ֡ԣһֱûй˵ȥ
֪СزôˣһЦÿٻ롣
СزĹǺʱǷһ˶֣һҲв˭Ȱûã춼Ϊһʱ嶯
ٻ밧̾һΪСزжֵ
ʲôСزһֱⶫ֣
׵һظǰ͸ȥ˿ֻҪСزǸҵԴҲˡ
á
ٻϲЦտֵҵȵľһ仰ҿɲҪԴֻҪӦһ¾ͳˡ˵ţһӣһֻͷ׵ٻ˳
꣡
ȴС룬һ֣оͷһ̶ǽĦ
ͬʱһʵڰٶȥɫʰ쵡
ףʲô룿
׶ȥɵһݡ
ελãһٶ룬ȫɫɷףŵˡ
Ǳ嶾룬սɵİٶ룡ٻЦе
ٶ룿
ʧ˵ٶıأǿԶʥֵģյüȻͬ죬һֻƷ棡
׳ߵٶԣҪشһ°ٶ룬˭׸һٶʮ־ػצӣһŵĶ
ױΪŽ壬ƽĶظ׵ڡ
壬ٶ룬͸ˡ
ٻζһЦҿʹտյģůͦʺϰٶģ磬ͽٶ뻿ʹаա
ٶڻʹ
һЩɫŹ֡
ڻʹлһֻ綾ޱȵİٶ룬ⲻû
ô㲻Ը⣿
ٻ밧̾һʧҡҡͷҾͻȥСز˵͸ػؾˣӴ˶ˮˮ
ʲôСز͸ҵ
һ졣
ٻ벻÷ص˵ͷٶǳǲɶõĳСزʹ͸㣬ҪúιУǧܹСزһƬ塣
һһ
һСز͵ģʱԴúСһһᾡȫֻٶģ
ãӦ˾ͺá
ٻ΢΢һЦаԸˣֹƵóѵĸоɤӣװһʵֻٶ͸㣬һôܹ˿ʱ硣
ٶ룬µӳǿҵӦһ˿ʲô飬ʱϵ㡣Ҳͨٶ룬ϵ˿
ٻº͵
׻Ȼص˵ͷٶ뵶һģΪµӳŽܵӦض
̫ˣٶ룬˿Ϳʱˡ
һЦһһɰѹ£ԾԾԵǿнֻٶ룬Ϊˡ
š
˭룬û׶֣ٻʹֹ׵ĶֻٶѾˣ˾СزԣͱΪˡ


1670 ٻ
ײɵһ
ٶѾˣСزΪλҪ͸ף
δҲ̫ûгˡ
꣡
װ˼ʱȴСİٶ룬سελȥٶȷɿ죬ֻӰһελá
Ҫ

ελŵֱ£
ۼֿ죬Ųһת͵ελõǰһӣһε͵ڵİٶ롣
ǰ֪ˡСزٶ͸ңҵģ
ûرԹ
ٶıأԶһʥ֣Ҫǳײע⣬ҧελã
ʱ׿޶ûеطȥ
ελÿ峤ϰȱ飬ɲܳءĻײȱ
Ŷˡ
ٻ˸æתƻ⣬ħƽצأϽңҺò˵СزչǱޣ£øħƽצȡѽħƽצƷʸ𣡡
һ˵ٻҪæħƽצ׵ʱϲãһħƽצ˳ݸ˰ٻ롣
ˣһп˿һˣСز
ٻӹħƽצһΣû˱ڲʱ򣬼ǵðٶ֪ͨǣҺ˳ȥ㡣
׵˵ͷҪ˵ವһͻƳգƾʧ١
һ
εЦЦתͷڽɪɪελã޿κε˰ٶ룬ԣҵıҵıһƬѪԣǳʺ档
˵ţһһεϯְٶ롣
꣡
˭룬ٶԸףǿεһΣһʵĹӰƾʧٵġ
ʧˣ
ɢʶڻʹڲٶӰϧ˺þãûҵӰЦá
ٶһͷҪסס
ټٶСز˿Ĺͨô򲻵ãȫûа취
ٶľסڣ
СɷףͰ͵ؿס
εص˵ͷ
ǡҪҧô죿ε˫ᣬһӣС졣
Ҫȥܱܷͷ͸˰ٶƢ˵
εҡҡͷһȸٻ˳
ȣһٶ룬ʥߣȻҪѷһıأȴԶʥ֡
ڿŵ㣬ٶΪ
һ
ণ
һ˵һֻĳ˷ܵʳ·衣һһʧ١
׿Цҡҡͷ
ελãһԴΪɥ
аٶڣελҪӽ׶ѣ˵ˡ
ˣˣ
Ȼ׵ڲһ
ţǶλơ
һһλƸ˳ⶨλƣǹĹɵС׵Ķܹ໥ϵ
Сںҡ
׶еƣִɫڲһɫĵ㣬ʱǰһ
ǲص塣ıУԶҡ
ɲܶǲܡ
ǲﲻãˣ
ελΧǰ׵½ǣʼַ
׶ʱЩͷ
ҪҪȥһ£ǵԺ˵
׽̤ӡһΣʹӻʹڲһɳ죬һӣͽƽٻ˳
𣬺𡭡
ֻһֱХѪɫһԻɵĻƽҲƵسԶշӶȥ
ڵĵӣ׷̧ͷעĿ
ĿŵڻʹϿշеˣ֮⣬޵ڶˡ
֪Сʲô飿
м棬˿٣ԸĹɵӦҵҺīǰĹɣݷ˼ҡ
ǲǰĹɣܹƽĹ֣Ҳһ¡
װ˼
ȻδıݣҲʱ֪ʥҪɵʲôǣڽ磬Ϊһʥʼձżǿġ
ϹĹ̽ǧѷĻԵˣƱؽΪһ׷ɻڴΪһɳ졣
ֻҪܹƽĹ֣ܹϹĹ̽һ鲻Խؼ
غһߴŰѪɫӿٶȡŵĶλƣײɥʧԣȫ˼ɣȫǰ


1671 Ѫħ
ХѪ
ƬƬճѪɫƶ䣬͵͵ѹڿУ񱩵ķɳӭ裬಻ɽʱһεѹ
ȥһƬѪɫɽɺѪɫŨīزʣ˷ָ㱼׹Ԩ֮С
Ⱥɽ룬һӴĲۼأһϢۻ롢ֵ׳һߵľ޸ɽε
Զһ۵ɽ֮ϣʮӰӭĿɽ֮С
Ѫħڵҹ龳Ҳһˡϴ˷ǹƥǱѪħڣʲôգ
һӸŮϹһĨǳɫ
ʦ÷ģûһѪħڣɰвͷĺˡ
һߴӢͦ꣬˫֣վŮԣʱֺõЦݿŮ˵ˣϿǽ콣֮еĽʦƾʵڰʦ֮ȡϽ׼ֱ˵練ƣ
˵ţɽ֮еһ¥¶һĨЦݡ
Ըˡ
Ů̾һ
ڳһڵһʱжϳŮݣòѵŮڹĹɵСģ
ˣʦá
Ȼʲôʵ˷ҪǼŽ壬ж
СһһͷҲֻ̫֪Ȼֻһʥʵȴɲ⣬ҸĶ֡
㶼Ķ֣
΢΢һȴǱһһߣŽҲ˹ʺˣڻԵɺ֮£õ˹а۵һַ򴫳УܹͶ֮˺գռѷ֮С֮⣬ֻһˡ
ʦ֣Բӡ
С΢ҡһҿۼһɱһƵʥ֣ȻʥѾһϢֶΣԲСңԪ磬ϳ̨ھŲ㣬˳̨Ͽɣ׳٣컯ɾνǰ޹˺ߣǧС
ңҪǹĹ̫͵ˣͽӣǱнƣĶֵõɫĺ
ҼŽ壬һ֪ʲô죡
˵ţ΢΢˫бŽһĨĹâ
ʦ֣ǧŽǺѣҪҲòˮ½ŽˣζҪмӣǹĹɶ
СüЩǵؿꡣ
һˮ½ʲô˲𣬵ҽе׷ˣһһƷʸõʥ
겻мƫͷȥһ
ΪСĵʦ֣ͶС˼һ㣬СҲ͸оˡǣСĶܣȴһֱ䲻ȣ˵ĹϵҲǿάʦ꣬ûܸһ
ԴϴС˽֮Сľͳ߶Ž֣磬ˣ˺档
ܷǳƣǵ֪һʥġˮ½֮󣬾Ͷ׸Ǻ֮ǡ
һΣĹɵɳϡʮСĳͷҪ̽׵ĵϸ˳Ѱī䡣
֪£ȻŹǧѷĻᣬҲųһͬʱҲüʶһĺСĻǣƵ׾Ǹʲôģ
ţƬƬķɳХŴɽϯɽ֮ϣС׵ʹһ˫С½ǣҲ֪Щʲô
Ȼ
أء
ɽ֮Уһ̼ľԭƽĲһƬҡ
еϮ
ţˣ˸ɱˡ
ˣѪħڳͷˡ
һĲҺֱҡػΣɽʯشع䡣
ף̫ˣ
ƺǻϵˣ
ǰһ΢΢̡
֪ôˣ
Сļʮͳһʽװʿ׷Ρ
ಣ
ȻһӰɶգۼ䣬ʹɽ֮ϡ
ϡ
ϡ
Сܵһʿ׷״ӵǰһеضŻϡ
һűݹ᾵ͷһϮۣϣǵ۾΢΢էһΪǸ׼ĹϡͷȻǻżէֵȴ˲С
ϣˣ
һ۾ͿŵһѪܵͷһļ֮ɫ
ǺǣҹǰұȽӮһУʩչ˽ǿӶһǧԪ飬ΪС
ûϵˣгһվȻܹɽ𣬽콣ڣΪһʦ
΢΢ͷŰ˵ɫ


1672 С޲
Ͻܹ֮նɱϽ׼Ͷأ
˫ֱȭźۼŻϵƨ
ϣû°գ
Сһǵؿʮ
û¡
һЦ¶ŻưֻУնɱҹȫˣһ
˻
䣬ȫһÿһʿԼĶ䡣
˵Ѫħڵҹɲ򵥣ڰ˰ǰ̤龳磬һƵ龳֣û뵽ڻϵǰȻ˵Ĳһ
ԴӰܸҹ֮󣬾ͳչǱޣڳΪһʦڵ콣󣬽ɱ󣬿˵龳УܹƥУ
ƾϵʵҪϳ̨ڵھʮŲ̨һʶӣֱ׾ٵ飬ҪǹĹɵ͵ĺˡ
ѪħڵҹնɱˣѪħڽΪһɢɳҪ˶ãͻᱻ̲
һզпŲõЦݡ
ϣҪҪѪħڸϾɱ
ѵһˣȲҪɱ䡣
á
ҡҡͷЦҹ˽˶ԹѪħûֱӵϵѪħڵ˥ûһĹϵ
ҲϣǹĹɣΪҵԵѪħڽ𡣡
ϵ
ǡ
ܲ鲻ԸشӦһǿѹɱ
Ȼ
𣬺𡭡
һ춯صХԶʣһƽշӶ˲˵ע
ţǡ˵еġѪɫ
ܶһɵõһ
ȥֻǧɵѪɫһƽɿɶֲϯ죬ա
ܸеȵǣڻƽ֮ϣȻһͦε꣬ϹŵȻЦݣһ̩ɽɲĸо
̫ˣŽˡ
СһϯĻƽʱǰһ
ʲôһǴ˵еŽȻŲһŽһͺɣ
ΪĹʮеһĴڣȻܹ˵еѪɫѪɫֱǱ
ܹԪ磬ͻǫ́ϿɵȻͬСɡ
Ĺɵһʿȫ˫ŹؿӶĻƽ
ಣ
СĴʮ£նǰӭס
ͣ
׿СĵӰ϶ʱ¶һĨõЦݣһӣͣ˻ƽһɰѪɫĻƽͱ׸˱С
Ž壬ˣҵȵúࡣ
СһףϲЦտЦź
һӵϢͿӱޣҹ̣ҵһӵʱ䡣õˣʵڲ˼
Ц
û£ǾѾܿˡСЦ󷽡
ʱʮܵȹĹɵʿշӶ𣬳׵ķӶ
壬һ¡
СЦŽʮܸףλǹĹɵĻϣŻʮǸ콣ڵĽʦ
Ϣһϣ΢оؿʮ
ûϵòߣȻǹĹɵظ֣ӵ龳硣
ңڻں콣
콣׿ţ龳ֲ׹콣󣬶пɥ
ʮں콣󣬾Ͷܹ콣һôֲ飿
ףݼϡ
һˣ׹ǰȭ
Ǻǣ׻˵ŲһȻ١ռ½šŽ塯̾Ȼһ˲ۡ
ʮֿ죬¶ŻưһͺԼ֮ʡ
ǰˣҵ
ǫѷع
˵ںĵشСģСһˮ½ΪģҪллǡ
ʮԵ÷ǳ̬Ⱥƣ˿ûλߵļӡ
壬Сĵʦ֣ܣСĴСһ𳤴÷С޲¡
ʦ־ˡ
ܿʮ̸ЩȥˣӲس˵̸
ңһڣ̬ȸ߰Ҫ׳ƺԼΪʦ֡
ԭѣ
Цеسܵ˵ͷüͷȴǲźۼ΢΢
е˼׵һμ棬˵Сһ𳤴÷ʦ֣ٲȻ԰ԼСĵϵ
ΪʲôҪôһǰǿԼСĵĹϵ
ЩѰζˡ
⣬һ׳ƺΪʦ֣Ҫѹһͷ
ǣܲͬţƾʲôҪΪʦ֣
ӴԸʦ֣
ܱһЦһбףζ壬Ԫܹϳ̨ǫ́ϿɣǳǱǹĹɣ㲻ʲôҪԸ⣬ҿָ㼸У㿪۽Σ
ЦףԾԾԡ


1673 һʱƽ˾
һ⻰ʱüЩˡ
ܵĿδҲ̫ſˡ
ǵΪʦ֣Ҫģظָ㼸У
ʲô˼
Ҫѵһףλ
Ȼ˵Ĺɲ⣬ͽޣӵһϸµ
ֻΪĹɷǳ͵ͽճڽƵ֮Уͷ¶棬һֱԡ
ǣױϾڵھŲ̨һʶӵ֮ӣ
ܹڵھŲ̨һʶӣζʲô
ζ׵ʵ컯ɾ֮УʥϵʿУǳ͵ģܹ俹⡣
é®ļһֻʥ쾳磬Ȼһȫ׷ļƣʵзǳ
ҪƽʱͶ˵ַӾͻˡ
Ȼ˷ǧҪĹɽύģŹĹɵ󷨴ʦܹԼƽϹĹϹ̹ˡ
ԣײԸ⽫˫ĹϵŪ̫ܵĵƣҲֻһЦ֮
Ǻǣ˹Ĺɵſܹ̼Уҵĸ
׵һЦٿػһתڴ֮ǰλƲǰСۣҺúдλ֮˵
ڣ
Сüһ
ţԲͽ򡣵ȻˣĹɸֵһᣬøλǰЦˡ
Ц
㴴ţ
ӵŰĵ򣬹ͽΧҲһˣ
һզпû뵽һԪСˣڶ̶̵ʱڣѾ컯ɾһƬɽΪˡ
ңӵйͽӵŷԲĹɽ
Լǣҿǲ綼ȥһۡ
СһΣæԲͬʱֵһܡ
ãá
ʮ죬˫ֵ˵ͷ壬˵īʦ𣬿д£
ǧȷ
׵ͷһЦʦΪеԵʣֻڹҸְȫҡ
õ׵Ŀ϶ʮɵǰһص˵ͷ
壬Ǵ˷ǰǷ֮ѰīǰģܹīǰǷǳˡ
СЦ
׵˵ͷ
ߣһΪŽһأû뵽ֻһͷڹ꣬ʧ
һûԹԵЦһֹһ䡣
Ȼ󣬵ȴڳȫõ
ʱʮСĵɫЩΡ
ɫӡ
壬ĪҪ֣ʦˣͺöǧҪ֡СһǸס
ҡͷһЦ˿Ϊ⡣
Ȼ
ҵɱˣ
ˣΧɽ壡
һƽըװıǧӰ糱һӿգۼͽסСһ˸Χ£
üͷһ壬ɫô£
壬㲻Ҫ֡ڵĵطѪħڵĴӪΪѪħڵҹйڣԾ˳ǰѩˡ
Сģ͡
Ѫħڣ
ҹ
üͷšѪħٻ뽲֪ѪħһǿѪħڵҹһƵ龳֡
û뵽ʮȻżʮ£͸´Ѩ׷ǳ⡣
˵ҹһƲ磬ǸƵ龳֡һࡣ
ģҹѾɱʣµЩһЩϺзֵһᡣһس
ɱ龳ҹ
ײɵĸһŵϡ
űʼЦֺǺǵСͷĶаַ緶
Ȼһͷ֮ڣɱѪħڵҹʵò塣
׸ҿ϶ǣԸʵǳ̨Ѵܹ֮ϵھʮŲ̨ףڳ̨ڲһʶӡ
ߺˣΪʲôҪѪħҰ
׵˽֮䣬һ߲ʱ׵׳ǰһһǳʮһˡ
ɤ̺ʥֵרʥõضɽҡ
ҹ֮һЩ˽˶Թ޹ء
ʮĮ߲ʱ׵׳˵һϡƽ飬ҪǲĻ͸Ͻ
˵ţһһѪܵͷ߲ʱ׵׳
ǡͷ
߲ʱ׵׳һӣʱ͵һ£¶һĨֵɫ


1674 콣
֮䣬Ѫħڵǧʿѵصؼһ𣬲óһ͵Ľ󣬽ʮСġһ˸Χ£ڽڲ
Ѫħڵǽҹµڽ뽣ϵ裬ǳڡ
ԵĵˣȻ龳ĸֻʮѪħڵʿžԵƣֲ˴ͽһĿɱȫȻûаų˼
ɱģ
߲ʱ׵׳΢΢־ŭضŻʮ
ʮϢϡƽէһᷢ龳֡ʱʮƴǣȫչֳһ龳Ӧеƣ߲ʱ׵ʥͳ찵ľ
ʮֿ죬ĮһЦ
䣬Ѫħڵĵӣȫһ
ϼһǺȻܹɵնɱǵƺûˡ
˵һնɱֻУĶ֣
ּĸ֣ĺڣΪʲôǴδ˵
Ѫħڵĵӣһʧ
̸մ
߲ʱ׵׳ԥƬ̣չʵ
Ǻǣǲˡ
ʮζһЦǵͻȻ¶һĨľ⡣
ʮҹ֮䣬ֻ˽˶Թǣ̫࣬뽫˽˶Թ֮ĶԹ
ƺѪħڵʿԸʹưոݡͼ̽ʮպñѩޡ
Ȼ˵Ļʮɱ䣬һ֮Ѫħڡ
׻˵նݲ紵ԵʴȣǶԼ̣ǳ׶ĵʮԲ᲻֪
ߣδҲ̫ˣ
Ѫħǧ񼯽ڴˣѵһ˵Ķ֣
߲ʱ׵׳һǿװ򶨡
ϣϣϣϣϣ
ڳǧʿзȫ߶һʱ콣׷ɣý磬ضɽҡ
ǺǣƾѪħڵѪɷҲסң
ʮЦȫ߸һͷ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬һԾصĴס
ٿأʮ͵ȫһһɳĽϯֱ
䡭
ֻһ춯صı޾ĽϯֱӽڳǧʿƷ˳ȥ
ܣǧʿĺ߶Ѫɷ󣬽Խɱ龳֣ȻȲϼһ赭дͷŶһɽ
ʲôǧʿɵѪɷ󣬾Ȼϼһ׻ˣţ
ˣظˣտҪʬҰˡ
ǧʿǱ˺ɵһҶۣѪعӦѣÿһʿʮУȫ˾ɫ
ﭡ
ֻһĽ쳹Ұһӵؽ측ڻʮͷ֮ϣɢһçĹϵζ
͡
Ľ˷ϯɳ죬ɽʯ䡣
Ǵ˵е콣𣿡
׶ȥʮͷĹؽɵһզп
콣Ȼһ󡣵ʵֻһŽͷŶĽ콣
ΪŽĽʵ̫ңԣŽƾһܹûһϽһһܹ׺ɱǧɱΡ
ڻԵɺ֮£ʶ˻ʮ콣ν۽硣
ϣϽﲻ۵ļһϾɱҲ֪ʲô죬ˡ
ܱ˫֣Ц
ס֣
ȻԶ֮УӰûɵĺ⣬ԻƳգӶ
գ֮䣬Ӱ˻ʮ˵ǰȥȻһһˡ
곤ģһ뷢԰ףİߣü֮ٵģһݰףͦε꣬һϮۣ˫Ѫ죬
ֵһǣ˶ʥĸ֣ʥĸ֡꣬ʥĸ֡
λʥ֣
û뵽Ѫħ֮ʥ֣ۺ񣡡
ңٶʥҲ
Сġܵ˰۷׷ס


һ꣬ڳǧʿȫǿһɫشӵǰ̾

ʮɵüͷһЩʵĪҹĶӣ
ǰɫضŻʮûҹĶӡľ㡯նɱҵĸףҾսҲа
˵ţһһķɱ


1675 ľ
ľ㣿
ʮҡͷһЦζľ㣬ܹսʤңĸױѩޣ
ľ򶨵ҡҡͷұذɡŻʮɵľֻһ
ľɤͳᶨ
ʮ˼ص˵ͷ
ľ㣬֪ɵ£ҪʮһսȻޱ֮١
ûʮЩĿ࿴
û뵽ҹȻôһӡ
ʮһЦһתСӣҪ֪ҵĽ´ûлڣһҰνͲ飬׼𣿡
ľһһɳĽϯȫѪҺط׼ʮһս
ţ
ʮĽ黯ͬʿܹƥеָѵҪƤ۸һ𣿡
ʱľԵİ׷ߣǰŭ
ţǺˣΪ֪ҵ֣
ʮ΢΢һתͷһؿ뷢԰׵ߣеɱŨء
ʮѾǵˣ
ȴǵ㣬ҹɾ޷֮ɱҹһϧܣ
ҿΪһһֱհ
׷
Ŷ
ʮһڻȻص˵ͷԭ㣬ա
ʮԼҹȽʱҹһ꺢ͯԹս꺢ͯȻ·ҡҡλΣڽĳ衣
ֻһ꺢ͯʼһľǳԷ˯δɿеľԴǶԴԼһ
ʮҹȽ֮ǰʮʹҹΪʲôҪһս
ǵҹʮ˵䷢ֵһţһʵĽգȻֻ꣬ȴܹĿѣԣҹɴཫ꺢ָͯĳˡաӴ
Ȼֻһƿɶ꣬ȴܹ漣һЩ򵥵Ľ⣬ҹºڣΪδĳɾͣҪ֮ϣΪһʦ
ûϵǰǸͯȻѾɳΪһʥˣ
Ȼ츳ѵ
ʮû뵽㻹ܹǵңҴ⡣
ΪյߵĮһЦٿػһת֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãһϧܸ֮ҪնɱġǣڿҪֵʱҸ顣
صضŻʮ
䣬Сܡ׵ˣȫ΢΢һ׷ײĿʮ
ʮҹɾ޷ϱȽսܵĻʮܹ֮˳شȻһͯ飿
ʮɵóĬˡ
飬Ȼĵ޻ȴȷ¡
Ȼ˵ֻ꣬£ֻ֮˵һ䣺ʦɱˡ
ͳɹ˻ʮ
ҹΪͯһ仰ʱı⣬ûʹɱ֣ʮϾɱ
Ȼˣҹʮν֣ڴս˾ү֮ѾӢϧӢ۵ĸоˣ˵ҹҲϣʧȥʮһǿĶ֡
֮ڶصĴʹ֮£֮䣬ʮҼһ
׻˵ӣȻʮұһȴҹӶ˴ԪƳ顣
ɥʧ˴ԪĻʮΪһˡ
Ϊˣʮҹĳޣǣ콣֮ĵһγɽ;Ѫħڣҹնɱ
ҹζϵ걻Ӷ˴ԪĻʮȻܹ񣬶ң콣󣬽˵е콣֮УΪ˲ɶõĽʦ
˵Ҫǽ֮µһ仰ҹҲⲻ⣬ʮɱ
գǷһ顣
ʮ̾һ̧ͷ򽣳գ˵գʲôҪֻҪܹģһӦġ
ãʹ죡
յʱǰһȵľ仰תͷеؿԵľ㣬ǸϽӰգ
֪зǳʣ޲ýɱʬΣǣľΪҲֻķݡ
ɷ죬ӵ㹻ʵ֮һʮѩҲ١룬֮飬ҲϣƽԼ
һεؿľ㡣
˵ҹǼȱģ֮ԱΪҹ˽յʦһ֮ʦΪҹⲻ⣬յľͬһܡ
֮Ϊջһ꺢ͯʱԵؿڸʮ飬ҹѾʮɱˣҲһ½յĽѡ
ԣΣƴҪػľİȫԸľΪһʱ嶯Լ
ʮǷŽһ飬ֻҪľԸߣػʮҲ׷ᡣ


1676 
Ѫħڵǧӣȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿľ㡣
ֻҪľһ仰ѪħڵĵӾܹɹסԼúʬҰ
ȵĿ⣬ľĬˡ
ɽڲûգ
׻˵ˮת˵гһ񹦴ɣܹѩˡ
ǧһʱ嶯ĻѪħڵеӣҪᣡ
Ѫħڵӣȫһ̼ؿȰ˵
Ȼпܵǰ£˭Ըƽ
Ҿˡ
ڣľ͵̧ͷֱضŻʮʮҪѪħڵĵӣ
ֻҪѪħڵĵӣǷʦֵһʹ
ľ
Ѫħڵĵӣ
ʮüͷһ죬¶ŻưЦζ
նݲ紵ĵʮϽȻһʵϣʮһӡ
ҹҪûһʱŻʮһ·ҹҲһ촦ı³
Ҫǻʮûб¶Ѫħڵĵһ·
ڲˡ
ʮѾָϳˣ˾֪ѪħڵĵҪһʮѰ𣬶ڻʮ˵һ޾Ļ
ԣûʮѪħڵĵӣʮԸ
Ȼ˵ʮǷŽһ飬ɴСֻҪʮƤȫõȫһ¡
ȻвޣҲûʮûа취
Ҫ
ľһʮûдӦ˼ʱü䷢ʡ
գֻҪѪħڵĵӣѪģӴʱ˿ѳѪħڣ໥֮ԶҾʹӦһ·
ʮһնǡ
ٿأһתЦеضľ뽣ˣ׼ߡ
ղɵһɫضŻʮһ
ʮȻҪѪħڴӴ˷ֱӴʧ컯ɾޱߴ½ϡ
ңҪ½ľˣ
ʵϣڻʮвˣҲֻʥա롰ľ㡱˰ˣѪħڵӣֵһᡣ
Ϊ˽ʮеĵӶҪѪģſϷһ·
ã
һ˾׷龳Ĵܣ˵ĻԲᷴڵģ
ľ㼸ûʲôԥʹӦ˻ʮҪ

һŭתͷ׼ȰľͿЦҡҡͷʦ֣û̸еʸ񡣡
Ϣһϣҧҧվǵͷ
λ
ľתͷѪģӽѳѪħڣ໥֮䲻һͿ԰ȫ뿪
ǲԸ뿪㡭
һߣ
ѳѪħڣԸȥ
Ѫħڵľӣ׷ҧָѪġҲһСֵӣһĿԸսɳҲԸ
סڣ
ҪǻҵǵҵĻ
ľŭһ
䣬һЩвʵ֮ʿڲһǿᣬʼҧָѪġ
ϡ
ľһʯеһѪܵͷ֮Уһֽһͷʬӱٻ˳˵ͷʬѪܵͷҹ
ľҹʬףһʱ䱯ʹѪƬ̺¶һ֣µؽʬ׽һ߲ʱ׵׳УҸ׵ʬףϣܹѡһ羰ĸطᣡ
ģ
߲ʱ׵׳ӹҹʬףҧͷܹΪѪħһ£һṼϣģ
ϻ˵Ͻ
ٲҵĿɾҪĥòˣ
ʮһʶɢǧѪħڵĵӣÿһĵĹȫ۵ףеĵȫ֮󣬻ʮͷػ˻֡
ಡ
ʱǧѪħڵĵӣһس˷Ӵܿɢһʱ䣬;ʧ֮С
߿֮Уֻʣ½ľѪħڵĵӡһó޵ʮ޲ǰʮ̻
ľ뽣յɱĿ⣬ʮδȫûеһ£شһǷЦеҪһϰգ
ʮûнʥ
ʮ֪ôȻɹնɱʤ֮䣡
Ȼĳ
ʤ֮䣿
ʮüͷһÿЦ򽣳գΪǰ͵Ϯųɹնɱҹˣǵ棬ԾԵʵնɱģ


1677 Ѫħ
ʮУͽҹնɱˣ̫ھף˶Ϊʮǳ֮Σ͵Ϯŵֵġ
ʵϣʮǵҹ棬ԾԵʵնɱġ
ԣûʲôʤ֮˵
ʮ֪
յĮһЦ͵ѪħһѪħ飬öѪħ飬ں޾Ľľ
ǣʮ֮ǰѾڵѪħˡѪħ飬˶̶ʮʱ䣬֮ǰѪħʮǧ
ճ
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ԭˣѹҹᱻʮɱԭҹڵѪħ͸ľ㣡
ҹԼĶӣ̫ˣȻԸ⽫Ľᾧ͸ӡϧǣԼ׹޾Ԩ
ΰĸΪ˰ʵԸԽΪ˸ж
Ĺɵʿһ࣬۷׷ס
ʲô
ҹڵѪħ飬ʮ֮ǰľ㣿
֮ǰҶսҹȫʢ״̬µҹ
ʮһΣ¶һĨ㵵ɫǵ˫У壬ָӵһš
ģҹҶսʱΪʲô˵
ҪǸ˵ҾԲڽնɱ
ʮ͵߬ȭͷΪʡ
Ȼ˵ʮҹ֮ǣ޲罫ʬΣѩޡ
ǣҹҹĿ֮УǸִ֧Żʮߵ˽һ
ڻʮ˵ܹػҹȡҹΪҪ
꣬ʮһϧܸҹЩӴΪˡ
񣬻ʮɽҪģԾԵʵѹҹϴˢĳ裡
˭룬ʮնɱҹѵ״̬
ʮ֮г֮Σˣ
ߣҵĸףѾѪħҵڣǽɱĻûа취ѪħҪȥ
Ҹ׽ʵ㣬ʲôã˷Ҹһ𣿡
ľһҧһ³һ仰
ʮЦһΪߺ޵ضľ㣬һһٵҪ֪ʵʵһֽնɱڰѪħҹգ
Ȼپһս
ľһΣɫ԰ֽ
û뵽ʮ˿ֲһӡΪܹսʤҹԸֶΡ
ʮܹԪ£۲ӣɽҺ壡ǣվӮòʣһ㣬㽫ǸɱˣҲɷϡ
ЦһһĵضŻʮڣҪ׼ôã˾ԲĶ֣ҪɱҪУϤ㡣ǣǾǻΪҲ㣡
ʮһɱŽ
ã
һݵļһ
ʮŭתͷŽգ㲻Ҫһƽľôԣ˵ɣ㾿Ҫ
յĮһЦתͷܡСġ׵˵תʥܡ
ΪҹϯӣԸǹĹɵʥ־һսҪˣҸԸͷҪҽӮˣͷΣ
ͷЦŻʮ
ʲôҪҾһս
΢΢һ㶣ţһĨõЦݣ̫ˡͱˣҸ˱һգΪҹϯӣֺųһţزһߣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
˵ţܴǰضŽգȫνĽո
ǺǣĽ鲻ǣܲ
ʱʮȻһЦñĵ򽣳ա
㲻ͬ⣿ѵǹĹӭսû𣿾ֻó֮ΣǱ޳ܣ
һʮͬ⹫ƽԾʱſڱʮֶ񶾡
סڣ
ʮŭһҵ˼ǣĳɰܣֻܹȥľҪֻƾԼ
һ
ľʹͷ𽥵һĨЦݣ͵ͷڳʿмҡҡͷϧʮ֮⣬ڳƺûܹƥˣҿɲ㣬ϲˡ
ʮɵϢһϡ
ߣľôĿȻȫûнǸд
ľôҲʥ֣˻֮⣬Ҳֻʥ֣Ѿ뽣վһˣսƺûܹƥľˣ
ľʵԲСΪߣң̳ҹѪħ飬Կֲ֮ͬʿܹĴڣ
۷׷ףһŭؿľ㡣
ϣԸս
Сظûʲôԥʹǰս


1678 Ѫħ
СΪĹɲɶõţԪͽСǧ֮Уʵ֮ǿᣬͬʿѷ֣ʥ֣δܹսʤСġ
ľ㵱ڽСȻԸͷڹ꣬һʹǰӧ
ƾ㣿
ľ㲻мбһСģһ
ľ㣬ĪҪ񣬱Ҫնɱ㣬ǴһǷһף
Сһ޾ϯ𵴣
Сģ¡
ʱʮһɫ
ϣҡСĸҪȴʮػִϡ
ľ㣬õҹѪħ飬Գʥʥ֣ûбʤİա
ʮ˵
СýֱȻһǧԸҲ
ȷ
СȻ֮ţӵѪħľ㣬ȷʵûбʤİա
ϣġһ˽֮ٻɱľ㣬ʵһ϶ûʲôϵֻɵĹԻǣ
ʱһЦݣҪһжֻɹ
ԣľ뽣ȫɫ΢䣬ŭضܡ
û뵽ĿˣȻҪͬʱӭսľʥֻ֣ɹ
ϳûܵĺ׳
ǰ
ֳգʱʮΣʱһֱԹսףҡҡͷЦеǰһ˵ԵĻԸӭսľ㣬ʮþȡ
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫɫŹֵؿס
û뵽׻ӧӭսľ㡣
㣿
ʮȻûϵ׻սɵ΢в졣
ϾײǹĹɵˣûбҪ˻ˮУ˽
ǺǣһԴԪСȻԲѵ˵ʮþȣЦľһһö࿴һۡ
סڣ
ľ㣬۲ʶ̩ɽȻŽ嶼ʶֱһ֮ܣ
Сһױ裬ʱյسѵ⡣
ʲôһǴ˵еŽ壿
Ž壿ǸʮʮǰһԪ͵ϳ̨ھŲ㣬ڳ̨ڲһʶӵĿţ
ľˣȫһԼĶ䡣
Ƭ֮˻عٿ׵񣬶ʱ̬ȣøú뾴η
ףʷϵһԪͻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ츳Ѫ֮ǿᣬֱԳžƥС
һľսȫʸ
ڣ֮£ľ㻹Щ˵ĸо
ϾܹڵھŲ̨һʶӵףʵʥҲǰéĴڡ
ľ㲻ֻһʥ֣ĺûʸͬ׵ʥгưԡ
׶ľ㣬˵ʮþȵĻûʲôס
ã
壬ԸΪҳ棬ҺܸˡȻˣսľ㡣
ʮЦĴ׵ļ򣬡ϣ㲻ҪʧҿǷǳڴʵʵ
Цŵ˵ͷʼնһƵģ
ӴŽ壡һΪֻһ˹ʺ˵ͷڹأû뵽㻹ͦѪԡ
ôҪҪǱһ
һ˵Ҫӭսľ㣬ʱ˾񣬺ơ
Ҫʲô
׵ȻһЦһҪʲô㵽׵ļơ
ò˵ʵ̫ˣҪٲչһԼʵܺܿҪԼͷʺˡ
Ǿͱȱ˭̵ʱ䣬ܸԵĶ֣Σ
˫ֱأƵؿףȻˣΪƽһҶһսپİա
νʼ򣬡С΢΢һЦѡľ㡣ϷԸĸģǱȱ˭ٵսʤ֣Σ
䣬ȫ΢΢һ
˭øٵսʤ֣
Ҫ֪˷ս˫ʥĸ֡ͬʿսڶʱڷֳߵͣͨս켸ҹʮ
ΪˣܲŻҪױ˭̵ʱսʤ֡
Ǳ˭øٵʽսʤ֣Щˡ
ζʲô
ζףѹԵƻ֣ܹܶڼ֮ڷֳߵ͡ĻһսǺܹ֮ǧٻغϣʽĶѣûʵʵ塣
ãҵĶǽգ
һЦӦһΣƿգŵµĽϼһϽ
ľ㿴һĿ˵ļƣͱǻŭ𣬺޲ǰܶι
ɱ
ŭһϵһһɫؽһΣΪһĽ磬ԳŸ߿ȥ


1679 VS
͡
ѪɫĽ磬˲仮Ƴգն߿еܡ
һ̺޾ʥԪɲǼ˺ѳգɱŽ
Ľ
Ϊգ赭дһȻ̺˾˵ɱ
ʦڹĹɺųһ뽣նսˣ
һզп
ĸ֣ܹƽ֮¶¡𿴽һϡƽ̺Ľ壬ǳ
ã
Ѫɫ磬Цһٿȫ͵һһεƾո֣Ŀռ䳹׷
ϡ
ֻһ̶ĽѪɫ͵سײε֮ϣһ¡죬·ǳ飬ѡ
¡¡
¡¡
޾񳱣˷ӿʯ׷ɣ޷̮޾̳
쳷
ܲ
Թսһ˵ȣ׷˱ܣһþֵ߿еɱһ
֮
΢΢˫ؿ߿еܡ
ľ㱳˫֣΢΢˫ۡ
壬µûʦĽ֮򣡡
СĴյԣЦŽ͵ʦǸţȻ츳ϡƽûܹһڣǣڽϵ裬ȴڣɹˡתϫľ裬һޱǿľתϫ򣡡
תϫ
üͷ΢Ȼû˵תϫ
תϫɽһɼؼֽǳ£ɽ磬ҲΪһؼ
תϫҪΪڵ츳СȻˣΪҪľˡ
ʦǹĹнеɹ򡶾תϫˡңΨһһ֮Ľţ
СЩԺؽ
ΪСĵĴʦ֣ƽȻԸ𱬣һЩСᷳϾͬʦ֣ǹĹɵſСĻͦΪܸеġ
ԭתϫǴɽɼؼ
ѹ⽣֮˿ֲ
Ÿ߿еܣſֲ֮ɵðͷ
Ĺɵǵһɽ񣬴ɽĹżйؽƵĹ顣
⡶תϫġնɳͬһɼؼ
壬ɲҪС⡮תϫֽһʩչͬǿճϫһԽԽǿֲ
ѰʿܹµһѾˡÿһҪ
ڶһ㷭ıĽ㷭˰˱彣㷭ʮ㷭ʮ߽㷭ʮıڰ˽㷭һٶʮ˱
ֲľǾתϫռһ㷭ʮ֮࣡
˵һʥˣʦȫʩչתϫռһԺɱ龳ĸ֣
Сĵظ׽⣬ܵռһʱ鲻Խüɫ裬ɫ
˻
䣬ײɵõһо
ԶľҲΪ֮ݣɫž֮ɫ
תϫܹŽÿһᷭ
ѵ촽ռһ㷭ʮԺɱ龳ĸ֣
׼ԼĶ䡣
û뵽תϫеĻҪֲ
ƾⱾؼܾԽնɱ龳ĸ֣һʲô
Ҫ֪龳ĸ֣ʥ˵һĴڣ֮Ȼֻһ󾳽磬ȴ֮
ףʵʥжǳ͵ĴڣҪɱ龳֣Ϊ
龳ĸ֣ȫʥ֮ϣܹƥеĴڡ
Ȼƾšתϫܹһնɱ龳֣
ѹĿˣԭԸ߰
ȷнʱ
װզп۹Ҳʩչа۴İ巨ĻܵľɱҪ֮ϵģ
׷ǳ侲طܵĹ۷幥ܹһɱ龳ֵܣȻҪ֮ϡ
Ҫսǲʩչռһģ
һζЦ⡣
ԶľΪŵضŸ߿еս
ƣ
ֻһȣסΣٶȴ߶еɫؽʩչ˽һİ壬سܿɱȥ
顭
ʱһıըϵش˿𵴣ҡػΡ


1680 
ȥɫĽԵعնܣĽ糱ɲǼͽܸС
ڳһʿȫĿɿڴȫճĽˡ
ΪգԵĽʥоǷëǵĴڣ
ÿֲĽյĵԪֱһƬĴ󺣣֮ȡ֮
ʦֵĴΣˣ
˰ΪһѺ
顭
ܿ죬նܣɫ䣬¶һĨ֮ɫһգȻܹƳҵĽ֮Ҳһˣ
ĽҵġתϫǰֱСƣ
Цٿһһһտķ˳֮ϣԿһϵ·һͳһɿֲܾϯ죬ڿռзתһһĲƣƱ̲ˡ
ףһ벽ķ
ŷܣײɵüͷһ
Ǻȷʵһ벽ķ
СЦŵ˵ͷ϶׵Ĳ²⣬ʦֳɹʥ磬ˡתϫİ壬̶ɹ˽֮ţڴϲ֮£㽫ʹ͸ʦ֣
С˵ţһ˫ˮ˫Уͷһˮʮ۵еĺ
ȻҲҪõһ
ϡ
˾̾ĵڣܵĽ֮Ȼ׹ƣɫ̺һɴصĺ֮Уܷѹ
һ죡
̩ɽѹһѹϹž޲Ԫƻɽһӿеĺ͵һӣһĽϯ˲ûһƬ󺣣ϯ
䡭
ȥɺɫûĽӿϾƺҪգ˺Ѳ񷡣
顭
ֻһʯıըһصɫϯĽĳ֮£Ȼ̼ɢ٣Ρ
ۡһһΣһ̲ѪĽУҡһΣǿסΣȥͺеһҶۣʱиΣա
ͻһĻԹ۵ʿȫզ࣬Ϊ֮п
յĽΪأһ£ͺ̩ɽѹһû뵽ܵĽǰȫһͺеһ޷壬ƽ󣬷ᱻû
һզྪ˵⽣ͷŶĽԪѾǺޱˣǸܱȴҪһΣ
ʦǹĹɵĽһ֣ǸǹĹʣ
ʦֵľתϫŸոʩչ˵һվĸоˣҲ£ŲУ
ձһܣνʦ֣ҲǵѪùˣ
ڹĹɵʿһϲЦտΪܵĳе
ڶˣ
ٿأһƽըװıӸ߿ֱڳ˸εһɫ䡣
䡭
ֻһ죬ĽڲһտɫĽϯ죬˲ûɾˣŽɶȥ
ȣ
ɶɾˣֳɫؽ׷ɣ״صͺһֽ죬ȫͷԪͼɾˡ
䣡
ʱһɽѡǳľ촫˿ϯĽڲɾɢ䣬һѪӰƾճ˵ǰ
쿴ƺˣȫ˿ڣ
˾
˶ȥؿڽڲ׷ԲԵĽգеɫؽȫ²顢ǵ˿ڣɺѪðҵģĿġ
ʦ֡
ľҺһ͵һΣ˫֮бһų޵ɫʣ޲ýʬΣ潣ձѩޡ
ҡû¡
߿УѪ֮󣬲԰׵¶һĨЦݣܹŵס
ţ
״ĽգüͷһЩͷգѾˣҶҪһŲ⣡
ԼҪھٵսʤ֣ȫʩչתϫȻȾϷ磬ǣûлܽգЩơ
Ѫħף
ٿأֻһͺȣ˿УӿɺѪˮ̼һһӴףֱӽոУܲ͸硣
һĻÿһԹ۵ʿȫһ󾪺Ǿȡ


1681 
ף
׾ɳʲôؼȻܹѪˮ۳һףػ
׾ط֣յӣȫѪɫ׸֮˵Ϣ˲٣١
Ѫħеһؼ
ʱһֱ˫Թ۵Ļʮĳ꣬ҹɾ޷֮۾սҹƾףҵġȼѪʮʱ̳ɹתƣһеսʤң
ʮ룬ǳ֮Уһп
Ŷ
һ׵ķǳڣ
壬𿴽ѾѪһϢˡʵѪԽ࣬ܵԽأͷŶĽƾԽǿֲ
СĴյ׸ǰһϾ
üͷһɵøеЩ
Ѫħõҹ洫Ҫ֪Ѫħһص㣬ѪԽ࣬ԽܹڵǱҲԽܹѪħɱ
ԣ𿴽ˣʵڵĹȫʢ״̬»Ҫֲö࣡
Сĳ
档
û뵽ѪħȻܹΣ£ؼǱѪħһΡ
ǲ֪뽣նսռϷʱһ⣬пܱΣĽ͵Ϯ֣һӶɹתս֡
ȻܶڽյĵϸΪ˽ģԲշĻᡣ
ף
ӴѪɫףζһЦΪмҵҪҪ㵽ʲôʱѵһֱڹУ⿳ɱ
Цһܽһתһ糱
䣬һɵĽʱϯ죬һɾˣسѪɫĹϯȥ
һ˺ü
ʱڳÿһʿȫ񣬰ΪһѺ
¡¡
¡¡
Ŀ֮£ɽûɵľˣ͵شӸ߿Ĵ£ɲǼѪɫĹףغš
ɽѵı˿𵴣ɽѣǿձ顣
ΪǹĹɵſѾɹնɱ˽գ
ڹ֮УѾǷ˷Ϊϵ⣬Ӵ׸
ʦֵľתϫʩչռһ龳ֶܹնɱܹҲʥе̳ˡ
ĹɵļʮʿȺһЦǺǵš
Ȼ
ǿ쿴Ѫɫ׾Ȼڣ
˾
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫѭȥʱһɵۡ
ڷԲĽڲһɳѪɫףڽڲһҶۣʱп㸲ڹ׵ı棬˺ѳһָϸѷ죬ȻѪɫĹף̬òûгѡ
ʲô׾ȻûбɱɲƬ
ţû뵽⽣ջûףӵ˿ֲķֱʥıףױʥĻ׻ҪΪͣĻҲܹӲµ
Ƕ͹׵ƷˣϧʦһӲˡ
һզྪÿһʿȫĿضѪɫףһ𾪵Ըӡ

׵ƷʣҵϽˣ
оΨһȱ㣬һʩչֻܱһͷڹ꣬׸ûҵϽ۷㣡
ߣôһҲΪѪħеһɴУ
˼峪˥յʱ򣬲Զľ㣬أЦһ˵ǧΪѾΪϵ׸ˡʵϣлԪƴ׼ȫһ
ԶСһ죬һʱԡ
սֲûǰһֳһߵ̬ơ
ʮ˫֣ΪȻص˵ͷ
뵱꣬ʮҹɾ޷֮۱ȽҹƾսӮ˻ʮһС
񣬽ձΣҲʩչף˵Ҳܹҹһط
ţ
ȻûбҵĽ˳飿
߿Уԭܣһڽгףɵ־ŭҧҧʱ䳰ȷ׻˵ǧ꣬ҿѪħڵĽǳһ㣬װͷڹȴµһ
˵ţ͵һеĺڵԪӿعĵ
ĽҶҪͷڹ꣬˴ǸɲƬ
ܽһתɽϯһضĹ켣תһһϯĽƾճ˵֮С
顭
ɵĽܵȫ߶֮£ɲǼ䣬ףؽɱ
һʱ䣬ʯıϵشĤϵһ޷壬ڽӴǣ£˲εض𣬱˽ڲ飬ֻһıɾ޷̼ͻΪĩ


1682 һƼ
ͷԪסΣĻ뽣У̾Ҫɥ
ǿɲΪһʱʦָɱˡ
ÿֲĽ׽һǳ
ŽϯĿֲڳһʿȫ׷ͷųԪסԼΡ
˵࣬ȫᵽɤ۵λãһصɴ˫ɸ߿еĽ
ԼĪһӵʱ˺ѵصĽɢȥԲҲ𽥵ػָƽ
ɹûУ
һεĽ˺üƾյףǲܿģ
ʦֽУͳɹնɱʥաʦֿνһսӴĺ
۷׷ףÿһ˵񣬶ڽзѰţûп׵Ӱӡ
ʱĹɵļʮʿһϲЦտΪкá
壡
߿УĿһɨûз׵ӰӣʱһЦһظӶ£ЦףζشȤҲˣֻоͽոնɱˣȻɼҷǳ⣬ǣҪӮңνã
ϣܹҹĿ࿴
źһشЦƺʤѷ֣ȻΪҡ
ܵױһЦһÿСһܣǺǣΪѾɹնɱ˽գյʤ𣿡
ñĵܣֱ񲻽Щ﷢ë
˿ʩչѰۣȴһࡣ
ţ
΢΢һʱüһĹŹ֮ɫѵջûԲܣҵĽǡ
䡭
һ仰˵һʱٿأһһɷԲѪɫףظ˺棬˵֮С
ţǿ쿴׾ȻڣֻƺС˺üȦ
ţû뵽˼ͣǽУȻܹӲֱǴСǿ
Ϣ뽣ãΪѾˣС｣ˡ
Ĺɵһʿһףȫһһʧɫ䡣
߿УԭΪɹʤܣ͵һ֮еףɵɫһϵļһ鴤Ǳ˵ݺݵس˼⣬Щ޴ĸо
Ҫ֪֮ǰܻһļƣչʾԼ˵ս
˭һתۣΪһЦ
ܸо澡ʧ޲һطȥ
ͬʱܵ޾ŭ޲̽ոʬΣԽͷ֮ޡ
ȻӶҳ󣬼ֱʮ⣡
һǻܺǣҾʹӴˣ
ŭش߶ڵԪһ޾ϯ糱׽׸ס
ۡһܿһ̲Ѫ뺣֮У˸˸ĺƽһɱ֮
ͬʱ͵һֻϵһһɵĽʱϯ֮ϡ
䡭
ͬһʱ䣬׺Ȼ飬ǻɽɽѣ޾ϯ˷ӿȥ
顭
ȥ䣬էһΪһ
ɹˣӣĲˣ
ҲӲ彣
ò˵ѪħĽɴУǷͬ죡
Ĺɵһʿһʧ˫
Ȼ
ǿ쿴ûʧ
ৡ
ʱڳʿĿ⣬ٶѭȥ
Ѫɢ䣬̳ƽ֮˿ؿһԡѪİߣֳһɫؽѶִŵնȻһϢĽգ
ţ⽣ѵǴСǿ𣿻Ǵ˵žèȻܹӶ
ǿյؽؽƺشѾѺۣƺҪˣ
ӣ֮ǰûɵףеҪյı֧ŵģѣյıҲҪѡ
ʧŵҧֵĽա
ġ
΢΢˫ЦеضŸ߿ŬֵĽգ΢תͷЦһϵܣȤܣղŸ˵ʲô˵Уͳɹնɱ˽գҿ˵Ĳ̫һ
üѾʩչУǽջվǰһڹˮɣҪȻƾ׵Ľýմ񣿡


1683 Ӱ
׵ڿֱ̣࣬¡
ȴҲκһ䷴Ļ
ʱתͷ÷ߺ޵һϢĽգеĺ͵һҪʹɱ֣ոϾɱ
˭룬ûʹɱ֣׷׷ɵĽգ̧ͷɲܣСӣΪѾû˷̫ˣ
˵ţһΣʱ˵עĿ֮£͵ػûʮӰÿһӰֳɫؽ̬һģһ
Ӱ
ܻĿʮӰɵЦһȫǰʮӰ
Ӱ˵û塣
Ϊȫʢ״̬µĽգԿܣγв˵ûĻӰˡ
Ҫ֪Ӱ֣һֻһʵ壬ĻӰǻ۶ɵ塣
ֻӰսûκεİΪȫ٣ֱӽɱеĻӰ
һֻӰÿһʵ壬ǣÿһʵѳȥģԣʵȽһ㡣
Ȼ˵ˣ˶ڣǣȴˣͬʱ֣ͬʱֵʮĹ˳ƾ轣յĻӰҲѶɱˡ
ԣڿھ֮ʩչ˻ӰʱЦȻյһĽ֮ˡ
ڸ翹
Ѿ飬û˵ƣֻ·һˣ
ţղӹ˽ˣ
Ĺɵһʿһ
Զľ㣬ȴһ࣬˫ֺʮдʣƺʲô
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
Ȼ䣬ʮӰ붯ܣһмҪѵɫؽԸֵĽǶȳ

ŭһеĺ͵һһת͵һһɽʱϯһһʮӰ
顭
ʮӰæתŲշתŲƴضţͬʱЪ˹ܣеɫؽܵ塣
ͣͣͣͣͣ
һɽϯ죬𵴣ҡػΡ
̶̵ĵָһ˲䣬ʮӰͱܵɽɱ߰˰ˣֻʣǵӰ˳س嵽ܵԡ
ɱ
Ҫɱ㡭
״һеɫؽܡ
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ֻһöĽĸӰɫؽȫۼֿܸ˳ֵ
ţһĸӰʱ촦һغ
ͣ
ͬʱһҪɫؽ֮ܵУҪǰᴩһɺѪˮȪһӿ津Ŀġ
쿴յһӰˣ
ߣ̶ֳȵƣΣʦֵʦ̷ֻһö󻹵ָܹܿơ
ʮӰֻʣһˣֻҪһӰɱͳɹʤˣ
Ĺɵʿȫɴ˫һΪܰһѺ
ۡһſһ̲Ѫϵɫɲ󣬾Ȼ˺ҵ
ڳɹ֮֮󣬲Ŵû˵Ľܹ˺ңǵһҲһ
ǿĵʹѸؾеĺ
ȻʱսʣһӰ̧ͷζһЦҲģ
䣬һתһɫؽӦ飬ֲӿĽ󣬸һٺɢ
Ҫ
ǧһ֮ʣ͵سˣͬʱȫû֣ػ
˻
ͻһĻȫһƬȻ
ǿ𣿽վȻΪ˴ϧԱ
һ飬Ҳᶪʧ֮£Ҳֻˡ
ϧƾֶΣҪŤתս֣δҲ̫ˡ
Ĺɵʿȫŵɫ԰ף׷̧ͷ߿еܡ
ۼֿ죬˳˿ӹһ٣ûбըС
ش
ҧгݣ򽣳յĶǳޣ޲ý븹С
Ͻȥ
͵һеĺҪ򽣳յķʹɱ֡
Ȼһ̣͵ͣס˽Ųд˾֮ɫ
ɹˣ
ʦ֣ˣ
ͬʱľЦޱ˷ܵ˴Ӹ߿׹£һϢĽա


1684 
ʦ֣㻹ŸʲôϽɱ˽ա
ʦ֣ΪʲôͻȻͣˣ
ʦ֣ǧ飡ԵʴȣǶԼ̣
Ĺɵļʮʿһߴ֣ܶնɱ
ȻȴնǱʩչ˶һһһ㵵صɴţۣһܡΪʲôڵԪ޷߶ˣһ͸оһĵʹǧֻڿҵĽѪ⡭
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʲôʲôˣ
ʦڵԪ޷߶ˣ
ʦĪжˣ
һʧɫ䡣
СӣҵĽѾڣֻҪһתԪҵĽƣͻͷųƶʴʹ
ʱһϢĽգһȻЦ
ʲôĽѾҵڣֻҪһתԪͻܸʴӴʹ
ܲɵȻһͷ৶䡣
ʲôǽƣһ档
ƣǻڷеһֹƳ棬Ҫõ˵ѪҺ̲ԽǿĽƣԽҪѪˮ
˵ÿһƵʿһɱħ
Сһ࣬͵
˼ص˵ͷһզ֮꣬治УȻڷڲܹƳ档
⽣ƶʲôãʮֺ档
Ƶöˡ
ͨ˵ƻԽǷ˶ԽǿɱĹУԽܹɱ
ңǿһĵزܹ飬ΪĽꡣǷˣֻҪ겻ҵһʵķУܹ̾÷ƷһΡ
һ˺ָܹܿʵΪʧ˱ش
Сĵ
档
û뵽⽣Ƶ֮
ܹɱɱңܹ飬ΪĽ꣡
ֻҪƳɹ飬Ϊ˽꣬ήͷƷʣ÷ɱ䣬Ʒʡ
ңӴԺǷ飬ֻҪƲʱѰһµķΪΪµ
ѹֽջΣͷ鱾Ǳ˱ӰҲûеô󡣡
ֻҪƲѰһֵķУ飬ͿԳΪµĽ꣬ڶʱڻָս
׺ܿжϣյֶΡ
ѹֽͷҪʩչӰԭӰֻһͷɱǽƣ
֮ǰʦһʱ⣬յĽڣ񴦾Σˣ
һգսթ֮
Ĺɵʿһ̾Ϊܸеϧ
ƣÿʮ꣬ҪһνƵķɣȫ鴤ǧֻҧ
⽣ΪԼĽɱԸÿʮһη˵ĥʹҲҪƣȻһա
ʮ΢΢һЦ̾һ
ϣʦ˽ƣաһٵʿƺܵʦܣһ̼
ԣʮһЦҡҡͷģһ˷ʧȥˮ㣬ûжвȻʱ޷ѽƣ⽣Ʋ
⣬ܱԸ߰ĿˣҪԴԣĥĥǣҲһ¡
ʮ˫֣һƵģ
ԣĹɵļʮʿȻл̼˵֮ܲǣ԰
߿УҧأȫӣѰŽƣֻҪҵ˽ƵĶ֮һ֮䣬ܹƱɱ
Ǻܿ죬ܾ;ط֣ҲƵӰ
һߣľŽһ⻪ƽ̹ʯͳ˼ö鵤ҩ£߶ջָơ
һϵ˿ڣۿӵٶɫҲÿ˲١
Сӣ׷ѹˣҵĽɫҲ
Իָ״̬ĽգңŸ߿еܣسֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾อѣʹ
߿еܲɵһɫϣգĪҪҽվǳ˺ѷεʹ࣬ҲҪնɱ
ţֻҪնɱˣһеĽƣһغʱȻҲͰ˽Ƶв
Ҳƣѡ˷ܻв
Цһһνܣɱң֮ǰͬýͷųΪҵĹƶһԱǰδеش
ŵʱ򣬹ƶ裬شҪָȬҲҪʱ䡣֮ǷһţͲһˡ
޿ֵЦܡ


1685 ƽ
ͬһڽţշǳܵ
һţƽʧʱ䣬ΪˣĥֱɱҪܡ
ʲô
ֻҪһ֮䣬ͿƣҲҪָܹȬ
Ȼһ˵ҪʱָܹȬŵɫҰףͷ䡣
ͬʱĹɵһʿҲ۷׷
ʦ֣˰գǹĹɵĽţδǰ;ǧΪնɱգһڶԼƽӹƽ˷ѿžĲŻ
û취ˣҲʦֿ϶ŽһһûӮһƽ֡
ǳ˵ϣԭΪһһߵսû뵽һ
ʦȻ֮ţսȴǲ罣ֳսɳëѪϽǷȱһˣϣʦܹһһǣø죡
˰̾Ϊܸеϧ
ʼЦܣȴܵվ
ζɫǺ죬ѵȨһ֮ص̾һͷգϲ㣬Ƶóˡһ֣Ǵƽ֡
ܴǵ˽յǰһһҧ֣ŨŨĲʡ
ڹ⻪ƽ̹ʯϣ΢΢ͷܣȻŵģҪ΢΢ӣȴȵطִʱ˿̵ܣȻӸ£Ҳû˿԰Ŀ˵̬ȡ֮޾ʧȻ
á
յһЦ˵ͷӦܵ飬ͽڵĽƸջһԣǾǴƽ֡
˵ţһ͵һת
ͣ
ֻܵؿڴƿһָͷСѪһȫ͸ĹƳһ˽յĿУʧ١
ʮҲˣҵʦܴƽ֣֮ǰԼӦҵʦ֣
ľ˸߲ҵؿʮʮس
ʮϣⲻɵó鴤һ£Ƭ̺޿κεذ̾һͷģһʮһԼȳ׷ȻճɹȻһ·
ֻǣϣԺܹβˣǧĻҾԲ顣
ʮ̲
õ˻ʮĿ϶𸴣ľ㲻ɵǰһŽյļЦʦ֣ɹˣ

սŻʮļЦһܹŽ壬ʵҿҪǿö࣬һܹɹģ
ľгص˵ͷ
ϣܣҰգ
ʱܴǵߵ˻ʮǰͨһڵأ׹ʮ𷣡
ʮһһܣ֪Ϊʲôͬ𣿡
ԣһãȻҡҡͷ
Ϊ̫֮أֱԿĿˡ˷棬һ㶮ǫɽɽĵΪĥĥǣóһЩ
ĻпžĽ츳պҲѵΡ
ʮѵ
ģѾظܵˣϽѵüǡܹڵأһģ
ʵϣҪܿԴһ뽣յǾԲܱ͵Ϯ֣ӶƳƽֵġ
ò˵ܵĽ飬дġ
ϣ㲻ֻ¡ϣܹؼסѵգԭˡ
ʮ˰֡
лˡɥվʼյʹͷԲ
ʱһЦеߵܵǰţղ˼нָܵģ
Ϣһϣû
˼л֣ܶ
ܸûл֣ܶƳƽ֣Ķ̸üУ
Ŷˡ
ͻȻʲôȻûӮѽǵԼúˣüսʤľ㣬Ҷʤˣ
һӮ˵ա
ЦɫȻܣЩúЦ
ţ͵һһ̤Էϸ߿գȴľľһս
ʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶ˸߿еףڹĹɵʿȫ׵ʵǳú档
˵Žܹսʤľ𣿡
Žǻǫ́ϿɵĴڣʥУܹƥеﶼǳ٣ƷëǣŽһܹսʤľġ
ǿɲһľǻҹѪħ飬ʵ֮ǿͬնңնľʵҪǿҾľʤĿԸ󡣡
ҲľǿϾľʥ֣Ž壬ֻһԪСǻ˳̨ϿɣҾҲΪһа۷Եʣʵʵ
Ĺɵʿһ


1686 ּۻ
棬ŽǶа۷˶Ͷ֮䣬ܹ˺ѿռ䣬֮СֻҪԸ⣬龳ĸ֣Ա֮
һʵһʼѾڲ֮ˣôľ㣿
СͬʦֵܵɵЦһ
䣬ȫһļž
С˵û
ֻҪԸ⣬ǵвľ㣬Ҳܹ˺ѿռ䣬֮Уľܻʤ
࣬Ҳܹһƽ֡
οһܹھͶ֮䣬˺ѿռĿֲڣô׾սʤģ
ľͲҿףĻһСģͻᱻռѷУһغ
ߣһ˹ʺ˵˶ˣʲôֵҫģ
ܲرԹһ䣬ȴζ
û취ܾǼСĿ˺ãСĿ׵ʱĵ⾢ܺ޵
ಣ
ľһΣ˸߿գ⣬ױһαȽԶľ룬һϳһľš
ģսᶯ˺յģԣԾɱ
ľŵģ׵һЦ
ļٵģ
㲻÷˺գ
ľǰһƬ̺һŽɵضףĻƾʲôսʤң
ľ㣬Թ۵һʿСڣȫĿ࣬һŹֵؿס
˿ɱﵣǴӹаǼ̳еһַ壬÷壬ԾĹ
ƾʲôսʤ㣿üͷһеЩЦ
׵ڶ࣬ѵûа취˵ʤ
ƾҵȭͷ
׿Ц˫ȭ
ľҧҧһŭضסףδҲ̫ˣһһȲʤȯ׾ܹսʤԼļƣһȭͷҪԼƺԼһɳ輸ȭͷܹԼƨɿľܵ˼衣
壬ҪĲ÷ĻҾͷʹѪħ顣һҲԹƽһЩ
ľ
ҪʹѪħѰƽ
üͷҡͷԣУԲС׶ҹѪħ飬Ƿǳģڽı֮кúøһѪħ̺˭ľȻ˵ҪʹѪħ飬ôУ
ҪǲеĻٷҵĽƣΣ
ľһײӦƺΪ׾òƽͼӴԼ롣
δ䣬һʱһָֻ״СȫѪɫĹƳٻ˳

ľĽƸһ֣ͻؽл˼ģưЩƣľ˼Ȧľļͷ
ҵֻƣһֻԪ쾳ļƷƳ棬ҵĽǳĴҵĽɱɡ
ֻҪһ仰ҾԸʹҵĽƣѾòˣ
ľضףȴ׵Ĵ𸴡
׶ʱľĻЦˡ
ľ㣬ȻΪںּۻۣŽ壬ǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣһССʥʱ򣬾Ȼһ˴һּۻۣ
׶ʱоԼ̣Լ˸ͳͳǰδе裡
ͬʱڹĹɵԹߣȫҵ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣľѾԼɱﵣȻ㣡
Ҳ˵Ҫ֪嶯÷ĻⳡԾ͸ûСľһᱻһ·׷Ŵ򣬸л֮ԣľʲôɱﵣԻȡĹƽ
ҵϣ̸ˣ̶ܲ˵ش֡Ƕֻ˵ܹھͶ֮˺գûؼʶܹ۽ҲǺõġ˵ˣľҲûɱĿԡѪħ飬һѪħзĽ֮˵һɱ塣
Ĺɵʿ۷׷ף֧׵ģҲж׵Ϊееġ
ʦã˵ˡСӣһ˹ʺ˵˶ˣ̴алõķ壬һʵʵķܻСƤ
ܴյСĵԣס
СüŲһԲŸ߿еס
壬Ҫǻͬ⣬Ǿͱ̸ˣɴ೨һգҲڻʮǸ϶Ҫã
ңһһ䣡
ľ͵һһ𷨽˳һķͨڳҵĻ֮УһС̫һԲǧĿռҫһƬͨͬһ
ȻһƷʥ
쿴ǳ𷨽ʥ
ΪѪħڵһ־ͷͬ졣
۷׷ס
Ȼҭ
ľ㣬Īһ׳𣿡
Ѿȫľ̸۷ˣ޿κεسȻΪںּۻۣ
ҡͷԣƵ˵һȫĻſֽŸҸɣҪҷˮҪбҧҵƨɣӾӮ


1687 С׼
ҪбҧҵƨɣӾӮ
仰ȫ𶯣ڹĹɵʿȫ鲻ԽЦǰϡ
ûգԭһֱûּۻֻۣľˣ
̫ˣȻľ㵱һҲܹҧƨɣЦˣ
ΪĹʮеһĴڣʦֻҪĿˣ
̾
ʦ֣˰գ
СɫһϲЦеתͷܡ
һһֿԣһкϷˣ
߿УľɫǺ죬ҧгݵضף˫мҪ
壬δҲ̫ˣ
ľһ
ܵľеĲײɵζһЦεʼһǹ˳
䡭
ֻһ¡¡죬֮ϯ죬𵴣ز
һ
ţŽ岻ֻһʥоȻһ⻹ò˻ˣ
˱ˣľֳһƷʥġ𷨽ѾǳĽˣû뵽оȻһ˹Ŀ࿴
ʲôʱҲܹһͺˣҪ֪龳ĸֶı
ڹĹɵһʿȫһ۵ضеıǹһѲѡ
ǺǣǽıǹԶսԲС
ǽսԶսľ㶼ûһƣ
СİȻͦͦظбһԵܡ
һضеĽǹζ˵һ仰
ԭܴӹĹеõĽ͡ѾԼͬʥڲƴ֮ˡ
ûϵԪףȻҪƴ֣
ӦǾ׻ɽɽ
һܡ
ȻһƬĵڣС΢ԼЦҿ֪Уһ벽ļħצħƽצǽս
䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿɴţۣԼĶ䡣
ס
һʥоȻһԶսǹ⻹һ벽Ľսħƽצ
̼䣬ڹĹɵʿȫֿҪʵĸо
ЩڹĹɵʿǲƴֵ׵ǰֵһᡣľΪѪħڵǰҲȫûмжѣ
㣬㡭
ľеıǹɫϺ죬öû˵
û뵽׳˴ӹаǼ̳еķ֮⣬ɱﵣǽķһսһԶս
֮£ľ㵹ԵЩˡ
㲻Ҫýô
аûʲôԣ
һЦһӣĽ׻ȳ׵ıзǵأһӿͷϸ߿գһƬյĽɫƶ䣬˳ӿڸ߿ƺˡ
ǿ쿴öĽ׻ȳ棬˵Ҳмֻ
ֹֻҿʮֻ֮֮࣡ĳȺ׾ܹһţţ
ожٵĵƣ˴۽磡ǵصĳȺǰľĽƼֱһЦ
ľĽһֻԪĹƳ棬ǳѵˣǱʮȺЩС׼ˡ
ڳһʿȫɵۣһŵŴƺеĽ׻ȳ档
⡭ʲô
Ǳ˲ȵβ͵èһ͵ؾһһĿضŸ߿еʮ棬þö˵
ò˵׵ĵֲ֮֮ڳÿһʿ۽磬塣
ö࡭öĽ׻ȳ棡
ľض֮еĳȺϼ鴤Ȼ˵һĻˡ
׵ʮľĽƸֵһᡣЦһûͷųȺһֻƵľ㣬Ȳؽչ¶ҫֻҪԸ⣬ͿýƣˮԴ֤ƽЩЦ
ҪǲˮĻ׸Ҫʩչ巨ֻ轫ʮӳٻټħƽצǹڳϣѾѹľ㡣

״һӣһεϯֱӽʮӳ˱УһеĽ׻ȳ棬鲻Ըӿ׵ıڲ
εʼ򣬳Žľ㣬Ц˼ȲڣҪȻȺӳҲôĥĥ䡣
ȣǣǡľһû뵽ʮӳ滹гһܹͳʮӳĳһʲôĴڣ
ֻһʥĳӰˡ
׵һЦƺǿľеɻ³
ľһЩûҭ
ֻһʥĳӣ
Ҫ֪ľΪĽƣҲԪˣʥĵȣᲢۡ
οȻͳʮӳ棡
ҲˣҲ÷壬ܹսʤҵĻҲ΢΢οһûнеĵƸչֳ
ľ㲻ɵȫһɫҰֽһ̣ľҵĸо
Ȼδ֣ľѾоԼȫȻûһ˿ʤϣ
ǣѾƴ֣ۺֵزˣȻûнеĵչ¶
ûò˻ˣ


1688 յ
ʿһһþ㵵ס
ףѾչ¶ɱﵣÿһɱﵣףľɥʧ־
˭룬⻹ȫĵƣ
˱˰
һжôز©ľоԼѾҪˡ
׵ȻһЦЩز©ĸ˷緶
ȷûչֳǰҿѪɫ֮һ˵һɱûȫʩչ
СһݵЦ
˷׷׵ͷǡ
ȷѪɫʵǷԳƵһɱˡ
Ԫ۷徳ѪɫԽɱһʥ֡
ֻҪԸ⣬һ֮ͽѪɫٻܹľɷǳ鷳
ľ㣬֪֮Ĳ˰գ
ʼ򣬿ʼǣ׼֣ϣսһҵͬʱҲϣܹҸĵƸȳҪʧ
ã
ľ˵ͷ³һɫ쳣Ͼ
£ľѾûκ·Ψһܹģ׿һˡ
ƣλ
һѪɫĽƾವһľеĳ𷨽ڲʱ𷨽Ļ⣬ȼգҡ
ಡ
ͬʱȭͷСѪħ飬ɿľͷ֮ϣһĹ켣תš
һĽľڲʱľƳ죬ɱڵسɱȥ
㳢Ѫħ
ľһһҵĽƳգس׿ɱȥÿһƴ̺۵ʥܡ
ҵҪƣѪħĳնǿ
һЦȫתԪɲǼ䣬̧һâЩɫĵâȫڳҵĻУ˲仮ƳգϯĽײһ
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
ȥֻһǧɵһҵĵâӭײһƻײ򣬾춯صıըձҡػΡ
޾¡¡Уس˷ϯɲ֮䣬ͽԲüɽΪƽأֽ١
ͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ɱɱɱɱɱ
ľֳֳ𷨽״һԽսԽ£һĽϯ¡
ףֿȭƾֵͷŶĵâľø൱·硣
ǣľһӴԼĹ˳ʱ򣬳ֿȭ׾Щмܲסˡ֮£ֻý̤ӡʼշתŲһЩҪλĽһײȡսҲ֮ǰԺ䣬Աطط
ħƽצİ벽֣ΪƫƫҪֿȭľսδҲ̫ĿˣҿܿҪȼħƽצˣĻҪ·ˣ
ò˵ʵǰԵֿȭ״̬£ֳֳܹ𷨽ľһƽ֡ҪǴħƽצ̾Ҫһѹľˣ
ӦǾŹŵһɼҷննǳ󣬾ǾŹŵĺĵӣҲǶܹлģû뵽Ȼáն˳Ծ
Ҳûʲô˵ŽʦǴ˵еī룬īˣǾŹŵž֮ӣġնö˵϶ī봫ġ
۷׷ףһɴ˫Ÿ߿вһף˭գһ۾´һ̡
Ȼ
յգ죡
ľ͵رһеĳҷʢһոھ֮ϣ⼸ֲ˲䱻ȵչÿήȥˮڣӴɺԣعѡ
ͬʱһǬΣ䣬ȫ۾ʧȥ˷λУӴѱ涫ʶ
ţ
ʲô
һ̧ͷ͸ܵһΪǿҵչⶵͷ£ֻоǰһΣĿǰãã㾰ɫ
ǧһ֮ʣ׵ܵɢ˭룬һɢͱ¶ȵչ£׵ʶ˲ͱΣɢ١
ã޷λˣ
ҵʶɢˣ
пһ
ϡ
ţһĽһ˺ѵصĿֲҲƵس
⣬ÿֲɱ
ľƺɱУ
ȫë𣬺Ʊ˲ȵβ͵èһܵظܵΣ
ǣȵչ֮£׸оԶǿͺˮѾҪɥʧʶˣʶ
Ѱۣ
ǧһ֮ʣ׵ʩչѰۣͼλɱС


1689 
Ѱۣܹһһϡ
׵Ѱ۸һʩչǰϣʱʧ١
׶ȥʱֲ󷽵λãľ̽𷨽Ľ⣬ֱָԼԴ
һ춯صĿֲգۼ
⧲֮£ҪշתȻЩΪʱ֮£ֻӲͷƤӲ
ɱ־
ͺһȫ߶ڵѪɫѪӿɲǼһûһɺѪġɱ֡
֮ʣܹ˲ɱﵣҲֻиոѧɱ־ˣ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ѪɫġɱָһεɲǣĽͺһѪɫġɱֳײһͺƻײ𵴣ձ顣
ҹ˲ɢ˵ط䡣
ʲôˣ
ľ㶯һؼ֪ûгɹ֣
ؼΪѪħڵ
ڹĹɵʿڻָ֮ȫһ㵵ؿ߿еľɫÿһ˵Ŀⶼ֮ѰľӰ
ÿһʿڴյĽ
ۡһȻһӰĵش֮۵ˣȫðѪ
ľ㣡
˶ȥɵʧ

ѽѣ
ʲôľ㣿
ľˣռĵλΪʲôˣ
ľ㲢ûгɹնɱ壬ش
Сĵ˵Ŀ⣬ڸ߿зɿѰš
ܿ죬̳ɢ䣬նףƾճ˵ǰ˾ǣ׵ŲλһָϸѪɺѪͣðĿġ
ʱ˿̣ͳö鵤ҩ˿Уɿ޸ƣɫʮء
һŵ˿ڣۿӵٶ
ǿûУҲˣ
һν֣Ȼܾˣľ˵һβɶõĻᡣû뵽ǧѷĻ£ľȻûܹסᣬǿϧ
һɱﵣľĻͲˡ
۷׷ס
ŽһȻᱻ̶ֳȵĽ˵
бһ۸߿еףɵЦһһмһ˵ģҪңֱӶý֮ľ
СЦЦתͷܣЦеʦ֣˽֮תϫ㻹ʲôɱﵰ
ܲɵϢһϣ촽ãվû˵һ䷴Ļ
СĵĻȻʵȷʵˡ
ܳ˽֮תϫ֮⣬ûʲôɱ׿⡣
ܳЦףһ߸ϵģ˾ޣŹ׳ֿȭ״̬ĻκһʿΪһ顣
ʲôͨ
д־ȻҲ˿ֲɱ
ľ㿰סӣһѪˮͳһ鵤ҩУһź
ľ˵һξõĻᣬһס˵ܹնɱףٲҲܹױռѷУɥ֮Ȯ
ûϵҪֵһ˲䣬дһɱ֣˲Ťתս֡ûбľɱС족նɱɹشľ㡣
ľ㣬ǳʩչʲôؼգ
һûڵľ㣬ָƵһЦʩչҸոѧġɱ־
ǵһҶôеˡ
׵
䣬ȫʿһզп
ɱ־Ž嶮õͨδҲ̫ˣÿһͨؼɼҷ
ɱ־ʲôոѧᣬȻܹľѹɱУֲ̫ˣ
ľһţŽ壬ͱƽӹ֮֮£֮Ĳν֮ɽɽ
һզп
ģɱŸոտʼһ㶯øɱﵵģ
ľ̷鵤֮󣬺ܿɫͻָ˺г𷨽͵һ׵ʱŨŨ
ôҵҪܹұȵʲôز
ų𷨽˿Ϊ⣬ٿصͺһӺзһХ
ţһ׵֮ҫĿ
ţ
ڸ
ʮСġܵˣȫɴ˫
𡭡
Ŀ֮£׵Ƥ֮£ʼɿس˴Ͻۣһʱ䣬׵ȫ±鲼ףֵһǣؽڵĲλһ̣˸˸էһ۾ĵ׷
̣ʱ䣬׵Σ׳˶˼Ȧȫ¾ֻаɫͫױ¶⣬ͷβرһޣ
⡭ѵǡеؼޡ
Ȼʮɴ˻ǵ˫ۣһĿϲ֮ɫãۣû뵽ϾȻеڶ˶ѧˡ


1690 
ϣ⡶ʲôͨؼȻ㶼ںСĺضŻʮ
ʮһЦ¶һڻưɽ紫ӡһͨؼӣƾⲿɽưһͬмûж֡
ԹǹĹɵʿȫип
û뵽֮󣬾Ȼɽ紫ӡһͨ
ңӣƾⲿȻܹڴ˵еɽưһڣͬУж֡
ɴ˿ɼһôֲͨؼ
ţ⡶Ȼɽ紫Ӵĸͨһѧ֮󣬾ܹɽưһ
ϡƽûϵȻһͨ
Ž˹ʺˣȻܹõⲿ
׻˵ƥﻳŽҪǴȥҪ˶ãͻֻ
࣬۷׷ס
ϣ⡶˵ɽ紫ĸͨ
СأЩš
ǧȷ
ϵͷ϶ҿǵһɽ񣬶ɽ黹ǱȽġȻûۼӣȴ˵¼
ӣһ۲۵Ĺˣɣһɢɢޡȴӵž޵Ѫ츳Ħؼ棬չֳ˳󼰵츳
˵Ӿһܹͨкüʮ֮࣬һԴͨĿˡ
ңǳڷһɹԴһ֮ͨ󣬾ͻ鴫ǧ
˵ɽ֮У֮ţ֮ˣаٶͨ
ô˵ȻɢԸ߰һɵɢޣҲû֣֮а֮֡ǣټһɽ磬ͽͽߵǰһɱ𣬶Ϊ衣
ϳ
ȫһƬȻһɴ˫ԼĶ䡣
ӣһ֮УԴ˺üʮͨǶô˵һ֣
ټһɽ磬ͽͽ
ߵߵһӪ˸裿
Ƕôӣ
һʱ䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿԸпʮĻˡ
ϣ˵ǲϵаһɢޣңκһϵˣͽͽ
СĲɵզпһˡ
СĿĶ˻ȫûģаϵ̫˼ˡ
ʮͷһЦ˵ɽ֮УϵӪҪ£ӣ˵ֻҪõһӣ൱ڵõһƶ⡣
˷׷׵ͷ
ʱΪʢҲΪԾĽ׶Σʱ鴫ٶԽԽ죬ңԴͨҲԽԽ߶ˡ
ÿÿӴһµܹͨɽһģĳ־õѪս
ʱɽľ뢣׷׵ݳ֦¶ĳ£ӡϧŵӶĵرǶŮǶٽɽȨնһһؾˡ
ʮص
ðΪӸеϧҲΪ䲻ηǿȨмڵĸ߷ڸе塣
ˣ
ʮĹˣ
ϣ鴫ΪλѪսСĺ
Ϊ鴫ķǳ졣
ʮֿһЦ鴫ΪΪƣֻһԵ֡ԣɹԴһ֮ͨ̾ͱչ飬ɹ֮пֶһӴ֮УпܻһڲҲпһɽұ飬Ҳпĳؾ顣ڣһϪԼһŶʯֶʯԿӬͷС֣Դһ߶˹
һһ㶵ġ
鴫ΪΪƣֻһԵ֣
ң鴫ֶΣҲŶĿࡣ
ѹһ˷Դͨ©ϢͻģѪսˡ
ʵ鴫ķʽ̫ˡ
ϣȻһ˼ʮͨΪԡģ
Сʵ
Ϊйһɳ죬ưɽĸͨ
ңڡһЩΪ˳ƵԨԴ
ʮһЦ
Ŷ
ȫǰһʮֺصȴŻʮĻ
ƾʲôܹļʮͨΪɽĸͨ
ÿһʿеҪ֪


1691 ϱ
˺Ŀ⣬ʮɤӣؽò˵һʮĹˡ
ΪڷԴͨ۶ô߶ˣôֲԼ鴫´ڡ
ǣȴһǳ롣
Լܹһ׶һ޶ĸͨ׸ͨ鴫ʱ䳤УҲûеڶܹɹ
ϧһûܳɹһ׸ͨ
ʮĵ
˫Ź⣬һ졣
һһӶڴͨļһȻŴһûеڶܹѧϰĦĸͨ
ЩìܣְʯͷԼĽŵĸо
ϣΪʲôҪһ޷ѧϰĦĸͨ
Сü΢ʮֺ
ʮһЦ΢΢ҡͷӵ˼ûܹ͸˵ӵΪ˲ٵķ顣ɽľ뢶ڱԹͨؼԽԽֲԽԽ̣ѧϰɹеɱ
Ȼӱһɵɢޣû֮֡ǣΪɽ޾ɱѪɺӣ׹ǳɽ
˳ӣ˵ɽĻˣȻӵ˫մȾѪģӶķȴġ
ʮĵ
΢΢ͷǳ⡣
鴫ĸΪ鴫ķȴԽԽ࣬ӳΪɽĻˡ
ӱΪɽĻ֮ıʹٸнǺж鴫ʼ˼ģ·⣬Ѱľ塣
˺üʮ֮ջԵֵ鴫ĳ嶯˵鴫ԼƷѾΪһ񫡣
ǣֲԸΪԼԭ򣬶Уϡԣܹһ֮⣬ûеڶܹĹңⲿΪһ
ʮ
̾
һž˵ʶԼƷܵԼĲŻһĪź
ǣΪԸͽɱ¾ӾȻҪһֻԼܹĸͨͷǳˡ
ƺƷͬʱ޷ɼһַǳĸо
ӷǳڷǣֲԸͽɱ¾ɴ˿ɼһˡ
ǣҪһ󣬿ƸͨѶȣδҲ̫ˣ
Сĸпǧ
ʮͬص˵ͷʵϣΪ˴һͨķ˰ʱ䣬ûаͷǺӸĻԼ˼·ִҪһֻԼܹĸͨҪѰһ²ӣƷȫڡ
һĲŻܹԴԴϵشȥŲͬʱҲܹ˿һ̳Լ²ĵӣжô㣬ͬһƷңһƷ
ʮ
Ҫͽǿ϶ɽһ£ҪΪӵ״Ӱɣ
ֻҪܹΪӵĵӣܹõʮ־ѧ裬ջʵ̫ˣ
˭ҪܹΪӵĵӣǰ˱ĸ֣պշɽưһ׾ٵ顣
ڳÿһʿȫôϢ٣ᵽɤ۵λá޲ԼܹΪӵ²ӣõӵıѧ
ܵеľ⣬ʮ΢΢һЦҡͷпʵӾͽʱûзųһϢͽ츳ѪֻһԵ֡
Ϊ֪һԼųҪͽϢǻɽһǰδеģ
ʮ
ϣյͽͽǺˣСĺ
ȫɴ۾һضŻʮ
Ѿ˵ˣһԵֵĹˡ
ʮ۶ô޵֮ӣôžĺܣԵҲΪӡټĮ˼ůװ̬ԼһеΪ׼򡣡
˼ص˵ͷʮ˵
ӣΪѰһܹ̳Լ²ӵͽܣķ˼ǧʱ䣬㼣鲼λ棬ûԸۿԼԪԽԽ̣ı
ֱһΣһĶϱ϶̾Ϣʱ򣬺Ȼµ£һһϢڵһǺͻȻǰһ־Ȼ˺ҽΪԼΨһһ״ӡ
Ц
ʲôӵͽܣȻֻһ
֮еĵ͵壬츳Ѫϡƽƾ츳Ѫܷõɶһ⣬˵̳ӵ²Ҫô츳ˣҾУ
һͼõӵĴУǲܵ飬Ҳһܹӵıѧ
࣬۷׷ס


1692 
ʮһЦ˵ˣһǳԵֵˡ
֮ԻὫΪԼͽܣԭġ
ʮһЦ
ʲôԭ򣿡
УʲôԨԴ𣿡
˺ؿŻʮ
ʮͷһЦӣɽһ֮飬޸ĸСһܹɱķɽң֣Ҳĺġ
Ȼ֮󣬺һвɥˡӶںȴĸ飬ʼδı䡣
֮УӲճΪɽһ֮󣬻Եɺ֮£ڶϱ֮¿һΪյȻһԵ֡
ԣ޷˵ؾȻҽΪԼΨһһͽܣ
ʮ
ûȻ΢΢ͷ
ԭСʱһԣڶϱ¿һΪʱͻһԵ֣ҪΪԼ²ˡ
ǣ츳ѪϾޣҪõɶǳѣܹ̳ӵ²
Сü
ʮҡͷһЦСģûȥɽ磬㲻ǧǧ츳Ѫǳ£ҪõɶǳѡЩʲô⡣
ɽ磬һϴ赤һŸǵһ۵ܹúɱ䣬Ѫ
ټɼֶΣǷܹġ
ʮ
С˼ص˵ͷڳһʿȫܵ˴˵ежôĿֲ
˵ͨЩܹȵģһ㣬ᡣҪǹаۿٳһ컯ɾҲ
֪ûһܹõɣӶ½ɽһ̽
ϣǺȻõӵ²У϶÷ǳ˰գ
һп֮ȫؿŻʮȴŻʮġ
ʮͷһЦӵ״ӣһ֣ͿԿӵľĿ꣬Ҫһžĵһš
Ҳûʧӵİ£ɹ𻯷Ϊһˣҽӱľѧȫ߰˰ˡ˵ͬУǾԵ֮ӣܹ俹⡣
ʮһ٣Ȼһתǣûϵǣ͹Ұġ
Ŷ
Բһʡ͵ĵƣ
˴ӻʮвһ˿һġ
ĸ߲ȡϵձģǺй뢣ԼʦӸƭ硣
ӱΪȥ紫ҵģûϵȵľȻһпɱ
⵽ܵΧˣȻսҵǣӵȴѾߵ˾ͷ
ʮ
ʲôȻΧԼʦ𣿡
ӶɽΪʲôҪ
˵һԼĶ䡣
ɢȻɽǣȴ㲻Ȩ
⣬ʮֶɣܾڴҵĹûޱؽľѧȫڡ
ԣйĸ߲㣬ҪӣӵĻǣһļ䣬ȫ뿪һܹؽӱľѧȫռΪС
֮⣬ܹ˳µ絣θλΪһţǧǧ綼ҪһĴ
ʮĵ
ҧгݣ˫
һӶ̻֮֮ͬĸȻΪΪȨƣйΧԼʦ𣡡
ҿӽӹһ٣ĻҪǣ䣬Ŀ
ôҲϵԼһʱȻջԼʹɱ֣
ϰǸӦ
˶Ϊеʮһá
ϣӺôˣ
Сĵ룬ƾӵ϶Ҫпͷ˰գ
ʮͷһЦ˵ı֮ȻұһȴشѾ֪ɵңʹ
ǡ
Ըʹ˺޶գԣһαչǱޡ׼ľѧȫһ֮УӶ漣شˡⲿ
ʮϡ
䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿȫֵŴͣԼĶ䡣
Ȼµģںӱѧһ


1693 ԵԵ
ţȻںӱѧһŽõⲿҳɹ˵Žպпܰշɽгưһ
֣ΪʲôںӱѧĹҪ
һںѧĹһʲôӵģ
࣬̾
˼壬ӻŶĳޣһ֮˵ⲿںӱľѧΪⲿǽ׶ԵģÿһΣܹõһططͬʿܹΪط
ʮһһʮؽ͵
˵һһզпе𾪡
ÿһΣܹõһط
δҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ֻҪˡͬʿУжˣ
ƺǿеɻ󣬻ʮͷһЦǲµûֻҪɹˡôÿһ磬ܹõһطӶͬʿѰ֡
ʮתͷ߿еףǿ״̬µĽ𣿾֪ܹ֮óޣˡ֮õһط
⣬ٻ˰Ѫɫǰ壬ӦҲط֮һ
ڿİѪɫʱɣȴܹȷϽˡϾī˵Ѫɫ飬ȴδۿٻѪɫ
ҵǼī˱ó޵״̬ԣױó֮Ҿ̶϶ѧˡһӵдԵ
ʮ
䣬ȫһһĽʺ޵߿еס
ǺȻܹѧᡶںӱѧļƷ
ҪҲܹѧᡶͺˣһպշĻҲܶ࣡
ѧˡܹͬʿгưԣĻԵԶԶֹа۴һַ壬ĵƣǡ
ȫտˣһÿŹһס
ɫ԰ףضףͻȻоԼ̫Сˡ
ԭΪԼǹĹɵſֻһ˹ʺ˵С˽ĵϸ֮󣬲֪֮俰Ĳ
ϣ֪ӺɹԴˡʲôȥ縴𣿡
Сĺ
ʮ˵ͷһǳͨƾⲿʣ޼У󾳽磬ӶһԾΪɽΪֲĸ֮һΪ˸𣬵ǹƥɱ磬߽߳ѪɺӣʬǳɽҲӵߴɱʱ򣬱Ӹնɱһ֮𣡡
գųɹӡ
ʮ
ǹƥɱ磿һ߽߳
˵ɽƽеһλ棬ǳֲӵǹƥ͸ҽУһλսδҲ̫ˡ
δҲֲ̫ˣѧⲿȻܹ⴫˵е磡󣡡
ô˵ܹնɱͽҲǴˣ
ڹĹɵʿĳȣ𺳲ѣϵıǳӡ
ӳɹ֮ĳޣȴһ˿һûм٣Ǻ׼ⲿ鴫ǣΪѧϰͽͽɱ壬ѩޡǺˡˣÿһΣҪһ޵񡣷ĻԶ޷ߵĲΡ
ʮһ
ÿһ磬Ҫһ޵񣿷򣬾޷ߵľ磿
ϣʲô񣿡
Сĺ
ʲôҲֻ֪гɹ˶֪һԿ϶Щ񣬾ҪΪеƩռѪǣ֮񡣡
ʮ
ðͷȫӵĻǸˡ
ʣһĹҪѧᣬͱҪɱ壬ɸָ޵ЩҪɱ壬Ϊӱѩޣ
ţǣһ鴫ǽᵮٲһ
ʱŶڷؽɱ壬һһجΣ
ʧ
ʮ˵ͷ֪ӵ뷨֮󣬾ʧ룬պ߲㣬Գ顣
ϧһŲˡ
֮£ʾ֭Ϊƽеŭ𣬲ϧץʮƾӴãһĺ
ˣڱˣȻԼԼĺɵΡ
Ȼ˵ӷǳǣĺȴ֮ΪԵʣͿɱʮǶԼĺҲһֱѣͬһΪ
ԣЭˣͷʮ
ǣӵıѧӲ˶ⲿͨԣӻ޷˵ؽⲿ鴫Ѹˡ
֮ǰͬǣٶȸⲿΨ֮ʿпܿⲿңΨԵˣܹлⲿ
Եˡ
ʮЦе


1694 Ұ
ֻ֮ʿл涨ãӲⰮͽѣȻǶԱ֮ʹԲ涨
ֻ֮˲ܹҲζţһЩթƻӯˣǲܳɹˡ
֮⣬ˣҪԵУԵȫһ翵⡣
Ⱥ˽
Ǻǣɹ嶨ȻһȫѪжҪȻҲɹ⣬ҲԵ֡
С΢΢һЦȻתͷһؿʮϣҪԵûһı׼
ʮҡҡͷ
˵ˣԵ֣ˣû֪еĵϸ
ʮЦһ㣬ҿԸߴҵǣȻӽⲿ鴫ÿһжⲿͨǣֱԪľ֮ļʮ֮䣬ǧǧУûһʿɹ
˻
䣬ȫһÿһʿȫɴһţۣԼĶ䡣
ʲôֱʮ꣬ûһ˶ɹ
û뵽Ȼɽ𻯷ˣûܳɹ˸е֡
ӾһûԴһԼܹĸͨû뵽֮󣬡ͳΪһ
۷׷ס
ǣ˵еˣûһܹɹƾʲôܹ
Щ׵ĻԵˣδҲ̫ˡ
һԵ֡
Źŵһɽɽġī˳ɹ֮󣬽Ϊ˵ڶɹˣ˵˶ǳˡ
ʮֿ죬¶һư֣µ
ʲôƨԵ֣ƨˣҿ壬δرǸö١ֹܵһзǳ
˵ʱʱ죬ʵ׻û֮󣬻ʮһҲƬ̵ʱ䣬̧ͷ߿һս
ľ㣬һҿҰǣ
׻û״̬˾Ƴ졣
ಣಣ
ûľлع׾ͻûһɫĹӰľ㡣
ն
ľһеĳ𷨽һĽÿһ˵
顭
˭룬Ľ׽ǻ˼צͽ󲿷ֵĽһٺ飬һЩǵĽǸܲˣԼϽϡϽʮּͣڽĺ֮£Ȼûһ
ǿ쿴Ͻۺÿֲʥıˣ
ϽۣľĽȻδƷ
ֱһûĹ˵ͬʿˣǸһʿҲֻбͷܵķݡ
ڹĹɵʿһĿض״̬µףǿһһ
֮䣬׼շתŲͳɹľ㣬ţĿһĻˡ
ͣͣͣͣͣͣ
צ׷ɣɲǼצӰϯ䣬ľƣڵֵеĳ𷨽졣
һʱ䣬ľȫ£Ͳ˴Ŀĵ˿ڣһǵ˿вϵɺѪˮ˿ôĿġ
ɱ
ľǿĵʹ͵һеĳ𷨽ͷס
ȣ
ϧ׵һӣצס˳𷨽һɿ񱩵Ԫצ֮ϯȵѹס˳𷨽ĻԪء
ɿ
ľƴ鶯𷨽Ȼ׵צͺǯһǯס˳𷨽ƾľδ߶޼¡
ҹ
һ͵һߣһľĸҰıֱӽľ߷˳ȥһǡ
䡭
ľڽײ޷֮󣬲ſֹס˵ɶĹԣǶֿҪɢܵĸо
ǣ⻹ûꡣ
ȣ
׼Ӽ䣬ľǰһšߣľ˾
飡
ûľ£һɽ⣬ľļ׵ϣֻһĹľļ׵Ӧ顣
ءľҺ
顭
һĻĻڳʿֱӡ׾һоһҰ³Źľ㣬ƫƫľһɳûл֮
ǿǰǲڵľ㣬ٲȻϵ׸
ǣʥľ㣬嶼Ҫһأ
ȫѾΪһɱ¾ʵ̫Ұ̫Ұˣ
ʤѷ֣ľǽĶ֣⻹ǽ屣ɱﵵ£ҪǽȫԸĻľ͸Ӳһˡ
ȫ׾ҰĴ򶷷ʽˡ


1695 ռԿ

ľ۹䣬Ҫˣס֣
ХҶڳˣûһὣա
ľ֮䣬һݵУľ㣿
ಣ
Ϊսʱ̣ٿֽͣţնЦеŴӸ߿׹ڵصľ㡣
ʱ˿̵ľ㣬ȫ飬ͺһ̲һãҲ¶һĨʹҵɫ
ľ㣬ҸһλᣬϽָƣҪľս
˫ֱأ
Ҫһλᣬҽľս
ľüͷһЩԼĶ䡣
ԭΪͻὫԼնɱˣû뵽ȻԼһλᡣ
£ľɵһֱӴӱٻ˼ö鵤СţȫתԪһʱ䣬ľѵĹ˿ڣҲƤѪ
壬㻹ŸʲôϽС
鷳ľ㶼Ѿɥʧ֮ˣȻˮһϰµĳⶼûС
ľǶ֣廹ĥĥһ
ĹɵʿһΪɻؿףбԹͣ
ȻʮȴǱ˫֣ЦеضŸ߿еףûдߴһԵ÷ǳġ
ʱʱ֮ľڳָƣ𷨽֮Уٶ׵Ķ棬ӵضס
㻹бɱûʩչԲԣ
Цľ㡣
ľϢһϣһͣ٣վǵ˵ͷ˵ûҵıɱǴҵĸǴѪħ飬Ҫȫ߶ѪħеĽնɱκһλʥ֣
Ѫħ飬ľԵ÷ǳš
ʵϣľҪʩչɱնɱˣҪ߶ѪħеĽҪٵʱ䣬׸ôʱһһ籩Ĺƣľȫ޻֮ǡ
ԲɵǰһԵΪ˷ܡ
ã
׸ƶЦƵؿľ㣬ȫ߶ѪħնɱңҾԲ㲻ҪӲһСҵҪҹѪħ飬жôֲ
΢΢ͷЦеضľ㡣
䣬ȫһڹĹɵʿȫӵضס
Ƿ𣿾Ȼľʩչɱʱ䣬ңŵ㲻ȫӲһֱֿԣ
׻˵ո˵󣬽Ȼһˡţ֮Ըôһаյġ
ľֻҪȫ߶ѪħеĽ׾ܹնɱκһλʥ֣˺գռѷ֮Уһŵ㲻ͷǳˣ
ӣȫһ۲۵ķӣ
˾һþֵס
ǺǣһԴļһһСԷˣҾˡ
ǲźۼ΢΢ƣشȵ
ϣֹ壬ʵ̫ˡ
Сһ׵ľʱСɷףŻʮ䣬
ʮҡͷһЦģ帣Ե񣬲ôɥģ˵ˣа۴ķ壬һԼֵ̾ͻ˺ľĽģԣõġ
ʮôһСƽһЩ΢΢ͷ
壬Ͳһնɱ
ľЦһ
նɱ
ʼЦҪǸʵҲˡʵû취ˡ
ľϢһϣⲻϳ鴤
²׾ˣ
ףľ㵱ʲôˣ

ߣ
ȻУ˵Ļֱ̫Ŀˡ
Ѫħ飬
ľһȫ߶Ѫħ飬ಣʱľͷԼĪȭͷСѪħ飬תһٲһѪк£ľ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ľȫɺѪƴʢеĳ𷨽鲻Խط
ȥʱ˿̵ľ㣬һѪħ
Ǻǣҳɹɱ־İ֮󣬾һֱڲ룬ȫʩչɱ־ҵѪΪһ壬۳һɱ֣жգǿԳһˣ
΢΢һЦʱһ
¡¡¡¡
ڲһƬޱ޼ʵ󺣣ӿһεķĴ߶֮£𽥻һ𣬻ûһɵġɱ֣


1696 ɱɽ
Х׳٣졣
ƴʢһѪħͬǣ΢΢˫ȫϢʮƽһɱ
Ȼ׵ıڲʱ˿̣ޱ޼ʵѪȴڷۣȫûһӴɱ֡
׵ıڲ괢֮ѪЩѪȫ߶۳һɱ֣⽫ǶôֲһɱУ
ɱЧĻôպֽһɱﵣ
ֶΪ
飡
߿УľȫѪ죬һѪϯ죬𵴣ž졣
ڼǧԶն棬ƽؽ˫೤ͬڰɱС
̧ͷȥԿľױԱȷǳǿҵˡ
һɱɱ
һƽˮӿ
˵ᶯʲôɱľԿ
Сʵ
ȫҡҡͷһãȻ
Ȼ²ҪʲôɱﵣϾ׵ɱ̫ˣǣȴܹһɲĸо
׵ıڲ
һɵɱ۳Σɵɱ֣ȫѪûɣɢһɫĹâʮҫۡ
ˣѾҵļˡɱ־壬Ҳܹ߶˶Ѫٶ࣬Ѫͻҵƿأ׷ֱˡ
һйһԼķѵѪⲿѪʮ֮һѪ㹻ĳɳռ䡣
׸ոɱ־ûжãɱ־̺İ崧Ħû룬պڼӴĦ϶¯ࡣ
⣬׵ľһĿռҲ֮ɱ䣬ʱ׵ѪѪҲˮǴߡ
ܵ˵ɱ־һɳ͵ļܣ׵ľΪԽߣʩչҲԽ
ȫѹɱ֣
ڲڳɹûһɴСɱ֮󣬿ʼһ̲ͣѹɱ֣ؽѪѹᴿ
ʱһһĹȥϵԽԽѹ֡
ʮСġܵˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ضŸ߿еӰѡ
ľԽԽֲԽԽˣһ龳ͷŶƣڳÿһʿеľ
۶ףʼƽˮһӵģ˲²ⲻϸ
ڡ
ǿ쿴ľ㶯ˣ
Ȼ˾
˷׷׶ȥֻȫѪľ㣬ɱڣһɱһеĳ𷨽𷨽ϵųҵĻ棬𵴣ֵһǣҵĻѾѪɫһִĿĵĸо
壬׼𣿡
ľھ춯صĽеǰδеš
ƽ˫Ƶضľ㣬Ц׼ˣ͵ˡ
ã
ľһЦٿһΣ͵һһѪɫĽâ͵ڽâһɲǣƬնӳĵһƬѪ졣
ÿһۿʿȫһΣоԼƱ˺һһʹ̡
ǿһۣܹظоһ˺ѷεʹɴ˿ɼһжô춯ء
ϰɵѪɫâһ֣׵ǰҪ׸׺顣
ɱ
ǧһ֮䣬͵һӣһɫɱƾմ׵ڱ
¡¡
һɵġɱ֣̺żΪ嫵Ѫһ֣ҡػΣ𵴡
ɱ־
ɱ֣Ҫ֮ǰǿɱ֣ǧٱ
þ嫵Ѫ
ʧ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬̲ǧ֮һָһ˲䣬ѪɫĽâ嫵ɱֺһƻײһʱձ춼
ſ֣
ǧܲ
ϣ챣ǣ
ڹĹɵһʿɽȫʧһɿ֧֣ڻʮıӻ£
顭
ܿ죬һӵʱȥĿ̳ɢ䣬̧ͷ߿еӰ
أ
񲻼ˡ
˻һȦûмһӰ
쿴ǣ
Ȼ˴һ˷׷ѭȥ
ֻǧ֮һ֮У׻һϢľ㣬شɽڿն𣬳˵֮С
ţǽɱ־һ
ûϽȻ˲٣˵û̫ܵصˡľ㣬ǱһϢö˵϶ɱ־һԲܹں齣â֮شľ㣡
Կóɱ־Ҳû٣ĻֱӾܹɱ˵ľˡ
˷ܵضףظԱԼĿ


1697 

һϢľ㣬ղҺһ𣬷ҲƵس嵽׵ǰһѽ׻еľ˹ԼĻС
һҪס
űˣ˿ľ㣬ոо絶ʣæӻͳ˼ö鵤ľĿУתԪľҩ
ಣಣ
ʱʮСġһڹĹɵʿҲӶ
һʮСĵ˿ձܵ裬ľ㳯ԶӶȥ
վס
˭룬ûȽշԶʮͱһľѾսܣԼӦлѵҪΥԼ𣿡
ʮ΢΢˫ĮζŽա
һΣͷ৶䡣
ǰĪľ֮黹ûн
׳Żʮ΢΢һЦתͷһϢľ㣬ʵľ㣬ĸҹѪħôҸоǳʧ
ľһŭҧޣҪǾֻ̫ܹͣ߶ٷ֮һĽͽնɱˣ
Ȼ󣬵ȴܹظܵľĵĽ
ʲôֻ˲ٷ֮һĽ
΢΢һ
ԭΪľ߶ѪħͷŶһѾ߶ѪħенûϵƾľľΪҲֻǴ߶Ѫħİٷ֮һĽˡ
׼˷־㵡
СġܵˣҲ
Ǻǣ
ʮЩΪȻҹƵ龳֣ľѪħУиľ㣬Ȼľİǳ֮󣬵ľ㲻ֻʥ죬Ҫȫ߶ѪħеĽڳ롣
ʦ֣Ͽߡ
ľһЩҩӽյĻһҵطףٲȻѾ׼Ҫˡ
ȻľŲһ٣תҴҵ˽գһһȭͷСѪħ˳ݸ˽գʦ֣ڽѪħת㣬ϣܹúõػţ
ҲܹҪиıҺεºܣƾʲô̳Ѫħ飡Ѫ
뷢԰׵Ľգһʱݺᣬ˵ʲôҲҪľѪħ顣
Ž壬㣬ŹգԸһһ
ʲôȻݲǰطɵ׵ǰҾһؿס
׼Ĭüͷ΢΢
Ƭ̺תͷѯһԵĻʮ
ʮɫž޲һԹߵ̬ûҪ˼
׶ʱŽ΢΢һЦԸľ
ȫչף̬ϡ
ʦ֣Ҫ
ľ㼲ǰһģľ㶥أξһҪɱҪϤ㣬ľԲһ
װͷľ뽣ֵ֮֮жˡ
ľ㣬һĶ֣ǣһ㣬㻹һֻܹ߶Ѫħٷ֮һĽĻҾͲˣ
΢΢һЦ
䣬ľ뽣ȫ΢΢һ
һľ㣬ľ㲻ǿĻͲˣ
ζʲô
ζ׽ղʹɱ֣նɱľˡ
壬㡭Ҫһľɫ͵ضףЩԼĶ䡣
ʼҡͷһЦʲôʱ˵Ҫһˣǽֻǿƽְˡ
˵ţ״ǵطɵ˻ʮǰ񣬡ϣʵǶԲ֮ǰͷšɱ־ʱ̫ѪһֻܹΪֹˡ
ԣСġĹɵһʿȫһƬȻ
ʣҪľһ·һڡ
壬Ȼһ֮ʿ
ʮЦ׵ļ򣬵ȻԸľˣôҾͷľһҲδɡ
ײɵǰһлϳȫ䣬תͷôߴٵľ뽣ա
лϲɱ֮
ջæǰ
ľȴͦǹĮмضŻʮƺмҡβҲҪ
ʮö࿴ľһۣͷػ˻֡
壬лʹ˱
ճ׹˹֣ľ㣬Ҫɿӣһ̻ʮͻı⡣
ʮһὫնɱҸױѩޣ
ľ֮ǰݺݵһݻ
е˼
ϲЦտЦеתͷʮϣƺһ鷳ǱǸ
ʮһЦ¶һưٺ٣һʮݺǧ磬ɱ¾޾һС
ʮȫûнľͽո˿Ϊ⡣
Ȼһתζؿף壬ò˵ҹĿ࿴û뵽Ȼѧˡ


1698 ȡ
ţ
׶ʱ΢΢һϣ֪
û뵽ʮȻѧᡶˡ
ʮɵЦ˵ͷ壬ҿǵһɽ񣬶ڴġô᲻֪
üͷһʵɽ𣿡
ڡֻ֪ԼǴīеõģ˵ǾŹŵɽɼͨ
ⲿǳΨīһɹ
ҲǻԵɺ֮£ҳɹˡ
û뵽⡶ɽպա
㲻֪ȥ
ʮһȵؿס
ãȻҡҡͷ
ʮһզп˱ˣҲ֪жſӢۺܣΪʾ֭Ѿû뵽һʲôҲ֪С׳գȻóˡ
ϣܸҽڡ𣿡
ײ˼ͷԵ÷ǳ档
Ȼԡ
ʮͷһЦ׵ļζǹĹɵҪ֪ɹˡһϲģ
һЩԡ
ʮҲûгͣ΢΢һЦ壬˼ˡǸϽ·գ㲻Ҫȥ㴴ʲô·̸Ҳ١
á
׵˵ͷһӣֱӽһƽٻ˳ɰѪɫĻƽһ֣ڳ˵Ŀ⡣
𣬺𡭡
ǧɵѪһ˻
ϣ롣
֣ʮ
áʮȻܣһԾ˻ƽı
λҶա׳ŹĹɵһʿ֣СĲ˻ƽ
˵Ц֡
ڹĹɵĵӣһ˵ԼҲܹϻƽʮƽƽʱЩϲ⣬һ־ʧͷ׷װ־ܾ
ң˭ҪƳʲô˲𣡡
ܿСǵģɵһһӣ˳׼ɡ
ʦ֣
Сһûϳ˼кһ˭ܾȻװûпأһ
Ǻǣѡһԣƺƽָ֣£Ҫֽ̾أ㲻᲻ɣ
һЩϳʱЦŴȤһ
˭룬һ׵Ļɫѿ
ʲôһƽ֣
ӳ뽣մƽ֣ǱΡ
ľƽ֣ȫ׹ˮԵʡֻҪԸ⣬׾ٵؾܹɱľ㣬յʤ
ңľʵҪڽ֮ϣȽ֮£ٲȻҪѹһͷһ㣬һɵӶܹó
ĸܣЩԽܡ
׵ĻΪʢһ
˵Ҫֽս飬ָеʱ򣬷ڹĨǵسܵ
Ҫ֪׳μʱܾս飬Ҫָ׼н
ܵΪԵ÷ǳЦ
׹ᵽһ㣬ⲻԶ
Ļƽ̫ˡ
һ
ĹɵļʮӣҲ׷׼׼ɡ
ҵĻƽ̫
΢΢һеЩЦɰѪɫĻƽٶȿǷǳѸġ

ܴһӣһȵػΪһ磬ԶշӶȥ
Ĺɵļʮӣ׷档
𣬺𡭡
ѪɫƺҲܵܵζһŭ壬ͺһವһŻƽԶա
ʱƽΪһɫĹӰڸ߿һʱ䣬ͳԽɵĹĹɵӣҲԶԶ˦
ʦֿ㣬ˡ
Сתͷܴ
ЩһѪ˳
壬ʵ̫ˡҧгݣзߺޡ
Х׺ڷ٣졣
ϣܸҽ𣿡
״˴֣µضŻʮ
ʮͷһЦԡ
£ʮؽԴȥһһʮؽ
׵֪ɽĴܡӡʱ򣬲һզྪ˾κˡ
ǵ֪ǧǧ磬ܹɹˣȵʱ׸־ϲþöƽ
û뵽Ȼɽܡӡķ˱Ѫĸͨ˹ʺˣ
Ц˵Ļϲ


1699 ʯƤ
ʱƣת۾͹ȥһʱ䡣
ڵĻʹڲһϮ۵ī룬ӱŲһһЦװҵȫָˡȻȻûܽ״е׹Ħ͸ǣнİţֵʨֵܣԲǵĶ֣
һˣīʱϲЦտġ
ݼ
ݼ
ʱ㳡ϵһѲīأæǰʺá
񡣡
ī˰֣Цʵ֪ɷ֮У
ͷһǰһعֻӦ֪һǰͳԶˣδ顣ȥĶ¾Ͳ֪ˡ
Զˣ
īüͷһ壬˰֣֪ˣ°ա
ǡ
ǡ
Ѳ߻ӹӦ뻮һش뿪صԼĸλϡ
Īǽȥ˿ˣ
īһˣҡҡͷˣȥӲһŸ˵
Ȼīһ˦ƹǸ񲢲ʣȫȨ
ײڣī£ҲΪھְء
ಣ
īһΣͻΪһӰʧ㳡֮ϡ
ڻʹڵĲ䣬ʱ˿̣һƬټĻ㳡֮ϣǧԼĪĺͯ룬һһߵʯǺС뷢һᶨı
߰ʮģ
߰ʮ壡
߰ʮ

ÿһͯؽһߵʯٹͷÿһ֣ͽʯٹͷһΣǿȷǳ
ȥÿһʯȺͯ廹ҪһȦҲٽأ˳صʯһȺĺͯо裬濴ǳùŹ֡
סҶס
˭Ҫǲܹ趯ʯһǧ£ҪƤһ£
Ⱥǰžһ鶯һеƤޣѵ⡣
ڳǧͯˣмͯЩȶӴҪеʯһûһǧ񣬾Ҫӣʱҧأƴʯ
ȻÿһͯеƤӷǳ־塣

īǵһضǰһȺĺͯڸʲô
ˣ
һī룬񣬽Ц֪Ⱥͯǰֽŵʱ˳ĳӤڶѪѵδԳΪŵѪΪų
Եļī룬æī˵ͷ
庢ͯ𣿡
ī΢΢ͷѹﺢͯģܹ趯˳صʯԭᡣ
ȺͯѵˣδΪŵĵ֡
ī͵ļ
ıţҲѵĺͯٺʲˡ
ī佱Ҫú񣬱ʧ
ǡ
ظĵֱ죬ģһṼġкѵƻﺢӻСҪʵ
ī˵ͷ𣬾ԳԶɭַӶȥ
ɭУǧڡϲеڣԼӨͳʵһ壬סУԶ

֣Хϡ
Դ׽ֵٹŸɱֵ֮վһֱǳѹ֡
ĳϣĵһ׾ͻɱ
Ȼ
𡭡
һ춯صĺХֵ뱦ڲϯ죬ǧս̺żΪ񱩵ܣŵָʿ׷̧ͷ뱦ķ
뱦ڲһؾУĺĲĹʨֵܣվһǧɷԲϿգЦеضڲһͷޡ
һͷԼǧɵӴޣ̬ʨֻצһβϵſѪڣȷȫ²տɫۼףɢӨӨ⡣
Ѫ޵˸ε
ʱ˿̣Ӵ޵ϣȻһִصÿһһͷұڵش
ſ¡
ȻվϷĹͺһ
ء
ӴޣһĹѵ⣬ʱһԹԵſ
ϲֳۣڳɹǿվޣ
ǿվΪҪ̤ƽڣ齣ֵ飡
ĺĲɵӶЦһ˷ܵؿĹֵϲ


1700 
ĹͷһЦԵΪ˷ܣֵܵҲָ߰˰ˣǿվ̤ƽڼ׾ٵ顣
ڣǾټȫڣҪ𣬽齣
Ĺͺһ
ã
ֵܵһȵ̫ˣ
Ĳĺ򣬲ɵһЦ
ƽϿգȻһĵ¡¡ȫ弯ϵĺ
ĵҸϽϣ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪټ
ֵĸ䣬ڸͳ£ɿ켯ϣֵ뱦Ӷ
С뱦ڲ㳡ϣʿһһȴʨֵܷʩ
˵λΪʲôҪģ
Ҳ¶Ҫȫ濪սڵ֮ǰ̵նɱٹѪλԲưոݡ
Ҫȫ濪սڴ
ֵĵӣȺ԰۷׷ס
ಣ
ȻһӰշӶƳ죬ȥһһϮۣ߳źڰ׺ӵߡ
ǿ쿴ɶˣ
ûչǱޣ¶棬û뵽Ҳˣ
һԤУƺҪдҪˣ
˿Ӷɣ׷ߺݼϣ
ɴ䵽һλªɫϾԣϣɷ֪λΪҪģ
߱һЦ֪ڲ֮ǰڵٹɱˣҲȫû
λȬҪȫ濪սˡ
߳ʨֵֵ֣ܶжϵñȽ׼ȷ
ڣüͷһЩ
ھīϴţ
ĵ
ԭīǸļһﴴţ
ɸͷȻ̧ͷһŹֵʵʲô˵ڵīϣ
īһִĽɽȻī룿ɸе
ߵͷ͵ڵǡŽ塯ǰЩԪͻǫ́ϿɣӶ컯ɾĴ
Ž壿Ǹһа۴е˶ɲɵ΢΢һ˵ľȡ
ǡ
۷׷֮ʣ뱦ŻĹĺĲֵܣɫϾƳ졣
ݼλ
ݼλ
ֵڵӣ׷׹ڵأ
񣡡
Ĺ˰֣ǵ˱ǰĸ̨ϣֵڣλټҹԭܼ򵥣Ҫ̤ƽڣΪȥٹѩޣ
䣬ȫһɧ
˵ڵīϣһ龳֣Ŷ״֣һ׻Ƶǹ롣ϴλ֣Ҳǿīϴһƽ֡ٶȽ棬Ҳռˡ
˵ǿ׳ȻƾãҪһٽڣף
λ϶Ƶ֮ߣ
ڸʿ
𡭡
Ĺƺǿһڵ벻һӣһͷԼǧɵ޸ٻ˳
ʱһ춯ص޺ϯ죬һ˸εѵĿֲѹ£Ȼ龳еѹȡ
ɲǼ䣬ڳӣȫһһͷݵĳ嶯һþֵצӴޡ
ǣ
ɾ㵵ضǿվޣһʱЩĿࡣ
ֳǿվޣײУһͷڱǺޣӵ龳Ϊó깥ʵս龳кܹ俹⡣
ǵõͷǿվ޵ĸ̤ƽڼǲѴ֮
ĺһЦǿվ޵
䣬ƽһըףÿһʿȫ־ϲһ
һͷڱǺġǿվޡ
ӵ龳Ϊңó깥
ԵĶ߲ɵһЦʮּ
龳쾳ǿվޣö˵һ
ѵõǣǿվó깥ȫīĿǡ
Ҫ֪īܹ֮һ֮ʨֵܴƽ֣Ϊīӵһססǿʨֵ޴֡
ǿվޣҪǿƿסķֱӽ깥Ϳī飬ʶɢӶһغ
գǶҪڣ
Ĳһ
ڣ
ڣ
ʱڳڵʿ׷׸кŸеķһѪڣɱ
ǿվ޵ÿһʿõʮ㣬Ҳû˰η֮С


1701 ͨ籨
ɣߣ
Ĺתͷˣ߻æλϣһͬ೤ϣڴӪûҵָ


߻æӦ˵УȫһĨϲõĹâ
λϣһ̾еǳź
ܹɹڣˮǷǳģ޷ͬ޷ɻսƷҲ޷սˡ
ĹָȻȴû˸顣
ʵϣܹаλϣʥĳϣֻˡһǳûĴɣһǳ궫ֵĶߣһͳʺŵٹ
ٹұնɱֻʣ´λʥĳϡ
˷ȫ濪ս۷֮⣬ʵǷǳҪġλʥͳȫ濪սʨֵҲܹطſֽԸīס
ֻҪܹī׸նɱˣô̾ͽȺףһɢɳʱ򣬽ڵؽ׾١
һʱ䣬ߣֵĸѡӣÿһѡеĵӣ쳣˷ܵػеķһĦȭƣȲҪɱ䡣
еӣȫҵıڲ
Ĺһ£һӣʱһεϯѡеľӸУÿһȫֿεǾĹıڲ
ǿվޣҲ
ĹתͷǿվޣһӣǿվҲԼıڲ

ĹͺһһȵطӶĺĲλֵܷҡ֮⣬ûеӰ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬Ӱͳ𣬳ڵķλϯȥǡ
ֳΪʲôҪǿվ޺뱦У
ĲЩԸ㻹ǵڵŽ塯Ұʱһʲô̬𣿡
ǼһɰѪɫĻƽģҪж硣
ڱǿ׳ǿվ󣬺αҪ˵͵ҾȫԴĵɱڣҲֺƴų
ĲɵԼĹ۵㡣
ܣʢ¡
ĹҡͷЦһΪмһȫ濪սڲΪҪĿġҪĿģҪ齣
ǴĵɱȥһīǸϼ޻ļһûô죿컯ɾ˹ޱߣҪҵīϣֱǴ롣
Ĺ͵
˵öԡ
ĺ˵ͷͬûмī֮ǰʱȱݾߣīϱɾ֮񣬴Ӷ֮زز
Ĳ˼ص˵ͷɫȴǱЩȻȻǾûܳһ磬еǳź
̶̵ļʱ䣬ʨֵܵӰ˲ʧʣÿһֵӵʧ
ҶɢˣԻص䣬Ӵ󾯽λ֮ǰǧܳκεĲء
ʨֵϡһߣĳٲȻΪߵ£ĳϾͿʼʩ
ܿ죬ۼ㳡ϵһӣ׷ȥǰԵĲ䡣
ˣʨֵܾȻõһͷǿվΪΣˡ
ȥȺУһƽ꣬ʹͷüͷһͳһֻȭͷСĽ׻ȳ档
׻ȳ棬죬ͨӦڴݽ

еĽ׻ȳʳһ¾ͽҪѶϢ鹵ͨķʽ˿ȥ
Ϊ̫ңԶ׻ȳ޷һӴܶѶϢʵϣ׻ȳܹģֻǴһΣźţ֪ڼֵĽ
ԸܹյϢǰ
׻ȳ棬ңڵķʮֽơ
ȻƽȺиעĿֵ꣬ߡ
˴ó

ͬʱڹϽеһƬɭ
ণ
ɿ׷ŵϵİٶ룬зһƺǳϲٶϷ֡
ȻصһͻȻײһ͸֩ڲȫճ׹̶һá
ٶƵóѣ͸Ĵ֮ϣżʮëķצӣ׼úһȡ
ʱ䣬ȼֱٶ뵱һߣŪ۸ٶѻѹ˲ŭһᣬȻҪú÷йһͨ
ণ
ȻûȰٶ뿿ȣȺȻʳһƺǸӦʲôһֵʱԼߵƵʲһâϯ
顭
գۼ䣬ɰٶƿһȿڿն𣬾ԳŻʹķӶȥ


1702 ν
ٶ뿴ͷųâԵ÷ǳֻƺԼдʱͷ
ڣͷų˵âȻѾΥˡ
ٶȼٵĽл֮󣬾΢΢һԥƬ̺󣬿ʼͨ鹵ͨڼѵϢ˿ڲӳ桰嶾롱
ণ
ণ
ȻΪһɫĹӰس˻ʹڻʹϿռУɤ̺ۻԪƽըһٲȻҪ컽ڱչصī롣
ԶɭڲīӲȻһըװĳʱüͷһ壬˼
ಣ
£īڿն𣬾ԳŻʹķӶȥ
ǧϲвɵīŹֵľٶŪЩɶͷԡ
ڿն𣬽󣬳ŻʹķӶȥ
ܿ죬īǧˣ˻ʹϿգ˼תĵȡ
ȣʲôˣ
īһϾѯʡ
ণ
ʳһͷɵīǰʼ
ǧ벻Уȫüͷ壬һ㵵ضŵȡ
ʲô
ֵ߷Ϣ˵ֵѾ·ˣϾҪˣ
ī΢΢һɫ䡣
ǧ벻ҲǴʧɫ
ãֵʨֵҪ𣿡
ڸոճûãδȣһεֵĹѾԪһٶػУοΧشһžá
ǧ벻ȫ̼һѯī롣
ߣҲʨֵܿ϶ˣ׼ˣ
ϧڣĻ֣ȫһٻʨֵܵϣһط
ī͵߬ȭͷ̾Ϣ
ȣ̽Ϣ壬Ҳ֪ںδʲôʱܹϻǼˣ
ʱ˿̣īȹϵϣת
ণ
ȵʳʼͨӦӳϵ
ͬʱһƬߵƽԭϿգĻƽһ·ֱײڸϻڵ·ϡ
壬ǳĻƽƳһ··ٵ֮٣ǵ;ʮͨ㡣
С׵½ǣЦеֺס
׵ͷһЦƳһ뼸ʮĹɵʿҡͷһЦҿƺ޲öһЩ·ٵźãһ·ϣѾնɱ˲ˡ
СһЦΪĴڣ˺ʦֵġƽĸļһɥʧš
εʼһʱЦá
εҲ磬ڰٰ֮£Ź֮ʶɽɽġ
Ȼ
ţ
ɫһ䣬һӣǬͳһֻ˶Ľ׻ȳ棬ֻ׻ȳ汻ΪͨѶߣιøһЩ
ʱֻ˶ĳӣɿزʳᣬͣ
ʲô
Ҫڣ
üͷһšɵʧ
ʮСȫתͷɫӵؿס
ˣֵʨֵܼڣûڣīǰԿ
׼ֱţѪɫȫٸ·
𣬺𡭡
ѪɫƺҲܵĽƣһһ׷ʹ˳̵Żƽ
ʱƽٶȣƾ֮ࡣ
壬ʲôˣ
ʮеʵ
ҪҵţǳΣ
׳λãҵţŻµ·̣Ѫɫȫ֮£ֻҪ¾ִܹˣԸܹϵϣ
֣
Сͷֺ𣿡
λΪʨ޵ֵܣ龳ֶ֣ӵһ벽ķ֣һ޼᲻ݵǣƾīǰһˣҪֵסǵĹƣǳѡ
׳
壬ûҡӳ潫Ϣȥī뾡ܵʱ䣬ֻҪ˳ϵܹ̾Ťתս֣ʲôƨʨֵܸնɱ
ʮӦͻıʡ
ϣԸɱУ
һϲؿʮ
ӻʮĿжϣƺʮҪν
׻ȵ񣬻ʮЦеص˵ͷ壬ģֻҪڣҲκ˶𺦣
ɻϺ񰮣м
õ˻ʮĿ϶𸴣˲١
Ҫ֪ʮһ֣ܹڼ֮ڻɱ龳ҹʵ׸
˵ֻҪʮԸνʨֵܾûء



1703 ˼
ʦ֣
ʦ쿴ƽٶͻȻһأȫ˦ˣ
ڹĹɵʿһ㵵ŷԶȥĻƽ
ߣ϶ŽҪ˦ңóûСʦദ
ӹһתʱжϣͺһµĺһž⣬ٶ˲ˣڣԲƵóѵģ
ܵǼ޵ŭ
ʦ֣ȵǣ
ʦ֣һѣ
ʮڹĹɵĵӣһʧ±˦Ӷʧ
鷳
ûطŲһӣһεϯֱӽʮʿԼıУţȫ߶׷Żƽ
ͬʱڵĻʹڲ
ī롢ǧˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ضŵȣȴŵȵϢ
ণ
ȻʳһƺõʲôӦʼõϢ֪ī롣
ţ
ڹ·ϣҪµʱܹ˳ִˣ
Ҫܵʱ䣿
īɫһϲһã̫ˣʱ䣬Ӧü
Ű¾ܹϻ
ǧڿ˻ʨֵܸո뿪֣·㣬ԼĪҲҪµʱִܹӦܹϣ
ڣʨֲֵܾˣ
΢΢һЦ
ϣϡھ쾯ӣȫԱս
ī´ս
ǣ
ǣ
ǧеȥһʱ䣬ڵϿվ˾ӵ¡¡죬ͬ
ԼĪһʱ֮ڵĸȫ롣
λֵѾ·ϣǼӭһս
ǷģܿͻϵֻҪʱϵܹ̾Ťתƣط
ҪģǾܵӭս׼һЩ󣬶༯һЩ׼ȫս
ڵѪжûĻУ
īѯʡ
ģ
ģ
ʯ졢ǧСȱˣͷ۸ߺ
ڵĵӣ׷׻еķƸ߰
ãʱ䣬Ҿ㾡ȫս
ī벻ٶ˵ϻһӣǲɢȺ
£ŸԵҴȥʼƶսƻ׼սĹߡ

ããɽȺеһɽײһϡƽɽ˭֪ϡƽɽ˿ڴ
˿ڲһƬС硣
һ񹤵ĳǳڲУСزϤ»㱨սƷ嵥
ʱСزǶ֣ȫͣЪҲ֪ҪһЩԴ׳һ壬ڸҪһйڡ
е嵥Ѿ㱨ˡ
һŮףһҳֽɵվСزǰ
ãЩսƷʱȫ棬η䣬պپ
Сز˰֣ƺЩĲɵģ
ǡ
Ůˡ
СزС֧°ͣϣãһҲ֪Щʲô
Сز
ٻӰȻСزԣһ۵Сزʱս̫ˣһʱա
С
СزִҡҡͷݽҧţҿǴӦ㣬гһҪһ巢չ׳ߴп⡣һΧشվȽŸұҪŬС
СزŵĻ㲻еƣۣҲѸеˡſĽֵϣԱȥһ˵ˣ˸ٶԴʲôã
ٻȻЩѵζˡ
СزĬãȻֽϸոճдսƻһԵظ˺ˣ˫ֱͷسţҸΨսҲܹעչԼ
ٻ밧̾һظСزԴ˵ţӲҪճһԣýΪһһɽûϵǸһǸӻӵĸĺСز˼
ţҲŲΪǸǧļһѹģֻǡֻΪһδеİˣ
Сز
ٻЦҡҡͷûгԽҴСزĻԣΪһˣٻ֪һȶŮһ˽˵Ŀռ䣬һжôҪ

ȻһŮŻŵس峤ٶ뷢Ϣˣ
ٶϢˣ
Сزһ˵ٶϢˣʱһϲֱӴӱ˳׶£һסŮļ򣬼ʵ˵˵ǲң
ǣ
СزȵĿ⣬Ůһεس


1704 ǧȭ
ҡǻʲô飿
СزϵЦݣɲǼɢȡ֮һĨ̵Ȼ֮ɫ
ȻСز뵽ʲô͵ҡŮļ򣬴ʵĪ׽ελøΪˣ
Сزһ˵ضǰŮ
ò˵Ůһ̾ͻһ۲۵İ׳գʲôпյ뷨᲻ʱ˵ظԺС
ۡ
ŮһʹؽСز˫г
˷ӰٶǵõϢŽ²޹
Ůĵ
ţ
Ǿʲô飿
Сز΢΢һƺҲʶԼʧ̬ЩǸسŮЦһЦ
ݰٶ뷢ϢֺܿҪȫ濪սˡ˵ֵʨֵܣѾͳʴɱˡ
Ůһ
ʲô
ֵʨֵͳʴҪȫ濪ս
СزһɫٿȻ䣬ΧشУһƺţڲŸոճȫ濪սڵĴǳգ
СزʹͷԺ˼׷ɡ
Ҫȫ濪ս𣿡
Զİٻ룬һϢҲΪ㵣ü
š
Сزתͷٻ룬ᶨˣǰһ֮
ã
ٻЦŵ˵ͷѣͷһӦó
һ٣ٻ벻ɵζһЦȤСزôͲ
ţ˵ҾͲˣ
Сزŭض˶ţתͷȥزٴٻ롣
ȥ̼ᾫ׼ǰս
²˳٣̾Ҫ
Сز
ǡ
Ůˣ˼ĺŽǡ
ԼĪһ֮Сز˿ǧˣƺƵسڵķӶȥ
Ըܹϣ
ǧģǧⰡ
СزԦһ߲ʷɴӭ洵Ŀ磬а
Сزġ
ӵŴадķ壬һܹ֮˺գڲ֣Ҳܹȫ
ݵСزٻƺĽƣο
Сزͷ

ʱˮת֮䣬͹ȥʮʱ䡣
һգڵ㳡ϣۼǧױֳַ׼ӭս
Ⱥ룬īڹ㳡ϣĿƽ䣬ɫϿϲŭ֡
Ȼ
ಣಣಣ
ԶʣӰһɿϯͬʱһ˸εĿֲѹ糱һϯ̿֡
쿴ֵʨֵˣ
ֵôһսʱ̵ˣ
ʨֵƺһս÷ǳ࣡
㳡ϵǧױһʧԶϯӰ
ͬʱڸĳϣҲ׷󡢽󡢹󡢻׼ӭս
ʿţʱ䣬Ҫս֮󣬲һսʱ̣
īڵʿ׷Ӧ
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ䣬ʨֵܵӰѾɵڵĻʹϿա
īϣŽ壡
ˣٳ
֣Ҫ̤ƽڣΪȥٹѩޣ
Ĺȣ̧һâԳŻʹȥ
飡飡飡飡
â˻ʹػϣһı𵴣ػǳι̣ûб׻ơ
ʨֵܣ
ವһī𣬴㳡ػзӶĮضʨֵܣҪȥǾһսû뵽ǵˣҲãǾһ˶ϰգ
˵ţīһӣֱӽһضӴĶ״˳
״һóžһ죬һδܶ
ͬʱʮƬıɵĻףҲεظīī뿴᲻ɴݣ·
ɲǼ䣬ֳֶ״׵ī룬ͻȻһ£鸽һһɿ񱩵ϯ죬˲ֱӡ
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ĹĲĺֵܣ׷һӣһһǹ˳
һǹǰ벽ķʨһȫ졣
Ҫһ𣿡
ֳֶ״ī룬һĵضʨֵܣ΢΢̡
ǺǣҪԸˣɲֹ
Ĺ΢΢һЦһӣֱӽֵӸٻ˳ʱӰڸ߿Уɱ糱ϯ


1705 һǹ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ֵӣһеķһɱ졣
ͻӣīɫٿȻ䣬ͷ䡣
ֵɢĳһ֧֮ʦǵʵҪѹһͷ
ϾڵĵܹҲһнһʿΪ̫ڵ£ϳսսҲǧˡ
֮ʦĹƣҪٵѹǳ֮
ҺһսĲԣҪǷػȫûһս֮
ѾȲҪɱˣ
Įضڵĸ䣬һĨЦݡ
Ǻǣȥգڸ̤ƽ
Ĺһӣ´

ߴһӣǧʿɱ˻ʹ
ʹڲǧױȫ߶ػȺؼɽȫͷŹơ
͡
ʱ쵶⽣Ӱ糱ϯ졣
˵ȣ
ֵĴɣʾǧʿɱԶĺɫɭ֡ڡһ壬ͬǧʿԴ
顭
һʱ䣬ʹϿգսһţĵ⽣Ӱ
ʹػֽǧʿҹ£𵴣ֿҪļơ
𣬺𡭡
ʱʹİ˸ϷͻȻɳ˰ѪɫĻӰֱֵȺУÿһѪɫצɱ¾
ãѪɫ
ÿֲѪɫϾۣ
ͳʵǧʿէһѪɫĻӰȫŵƨԭĽҲֱһ޺Ӵܿ
ڵػޣ
̫ˣػҪػ󣬶ҪصĴۣ
㳡ϵױһϲЦտ
ڵػޣ
ѪɫĻӰҲƵȺдɱ䣬߲ɵɫ䣬߶еķƴѪɫĻӰ
ͣͣͣ
غ֮ڣ߾˳նһѪɫĻӰס˾ơ
Ҫ£
ЩѪɫĻӰɲ
ڣܹܿеػޣ
߻еһΣͳһѪɫķ
ণ
ʱһɫĹӰ͵ĵâֱӽ߸˳ȥ
ۡ
⧲֮£ػҺһһѪ΢΢תͷһŭؿС
еģȻһֻȫɫĵȣһԺ˸˸ֵɱ졣
СȻ͵Ϯң
ҲʬΣ
ŭһŲһתת˵ȡ
ȣȻֻһֻ棬սֶβʿײУͬʥĴڣ˿·硣
𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺
߱˳סѪɫĻӰʱҲûһ˿һĹ˼ɣȦһ¾ֵʿ
ֵǣɱ
ɱȥ
㳡ڲʿһռϷ磬ŷػг˳ȺŽֵʿսһš
ͬʱԶţɽϣʯ쿴ֵ·һ·ɱʹһ·ɱɫɭ֣ȴûбţɽϵؾţԮʹԲֵ̤ʹһ
ɱ
ɱ
ʱţɽϿգһǧʿɱڵ˻ʹķ׼ȫɱֵʿ
ţ
ǵȣ
߿УĲĿһ߲ĵȣʱҧгݣĳӣ㽫ǵ齣ˣգҶҪֽնɱ
˵ţһǹ͵һҪ򵶷ȡ
ಣ
ȻĲһīӰ͵ǰЦĮĲĶң
һīеĶ״׺ݵĲһĲеһǹȫֵȻīĿ;̩ɽѹֱӽĲҵõɳȥòײסΡ
ܣ
ܣ
ĹĺæǰĲĲǵѪҡҡͷû£
ܣֵһ壬ܶж
īֳֶ״нĻ׻Ҫǳʲô⣬ֵҲĶ֣
ĺֵƳһĲ
ĲʹͷһǸ⡣
ˣֱӽǿվٻա
Ĺҡҡͷţһӣֱӽһͷǧɸߵǿվ޸ͷ˳
໡
ǿվ޸һ˻һ񱩵ϯҡػΣްݷڵʿ׷׾ֵ̧ͷ߿еǿվޣһŵøε
īϣбҵҪƣ㵥ǹƥܹĴ龳֣
Ĺٻǿվޣʱ޿֣ī롣


1706 Ӣս
ǿ쿴ʲôޣÿֲƣȻӵ龳ƣ
ˣû뵽ʨֵܾȻ˰֣īϵǹƥԲǵĶˣ
ô죿īȻл׻ҲԵס龳ֵΧ
ʯ졢ǧеˣȫ̧ͷ߿еǿվޣһɫ䣬ҡ
Ǵ˵бǺǿվޣ
īĿضǰӴޣһľ֣ǾȻһͷǿվΪ֣
ǿվ޵ţīŵġȻ뱩Ǻ˳ʿǳ٣ڱǺѶϢҲٵĿǣǿվ޵Ĵ˵˿
˵ǿվεڱǺеһּΪײеޣΪȺʳѪҺرó깥ÿһ뱩ǺʿجΡ
ûϵʨֵܾȻһͷǿվΪ֣
ңͷǿվ޻һͷ龳Ĵڣ
Ǻǣīϣ֪֮Ĳ˰գ
ǿվΪֻ֣·һҪĻ͹ԹԽ齣ĽϻҽǴ󷢴ȱܹһ
ĻǽղҪնɱҪ̤ƽڣڵĵͳͳɱ⣡
ĹЦһһ޿ֵضī롣
īҧþò
ӣǲ㽻ϻˣãǾ;ɱգ
ĹЦһĺĲʹһɫվһλãīΧ£룬Ҫ׼֡
ҪϻôܿϧϻѾҽŽ壬ǾɱңҲòϻ
Ȼī뵭ĮһЦĳ
ʲô㽫ϻŽ壿
ĹüͷһʵôŽںδ
īʼ򣬡ҾͲ֪ˡ
īϣ
ĹһֵܼǽīܣϵĻףĶ״Ȼ䵱ʣŽ彻ϻ
˵ŽǸˣҾͲΪ˽ϻʦ죡
Ĺ
ϣϣϣ
£ʨֵȫ߶еһǹɻֱֲƺҪնҪԲ¶ȣȻһأ˷׹˻¯֮УȫðƤ̵죬ƺҪˡ
ȣ
īеĶ״ʨֵܴһţĽǧսҡػΣ𵴡
޾Ӹ߿ɢĩ֡
ȥīһ֮ˣЩӢսļơ
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ĹĺĲеһǹͬһʱīĸҪѸףīŶ״ǿһǹĹһǹߡ
ʱһ񱩵âֱī࣬ƺҪīһ͸īл׻ȵصһ
񱩵ļ̣ȻīѪҲͣ˺ü롣
䡭
ī뱻һǹ˳ȥһһɳףſסΡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ĺһǹл׵һɲǣԿ̵ķɴ󣬺һһɿ񱩵񳱣ԽĹɡ
ĹĻӦѣ˺Ʒ«έһ䡣
ֳ
ֳ
ĺĲæһһҳǰȥĹ
û£
Ļף̫ڼͣһԿʮɴһȫˡ
Ҫǿվˣ
Ĺҧҧ͵ͦǰ
ಣಣಣ
ʱʨֵٶī룬īԥĹĺĲֵܡ
УΣұҪսپܵնɱһˣĻʨֵ֣ټǿվ޴ԸҸûʤĿܣ
īһˣȫȼڵѪҺʱīԪӿһĻīϯ죬ž졣
𡭡
Ȼûī뿿ʨֵܣǧߵǿվޣͿҰī룬һѪ͵ſӿһ
ҹ
īоǿ֮УΪŻػ壬ī޾ɫԼϣ͵س嵽ǿվ޵ǰȫеĶ״һǿվ޵ϡ
һɺѪԴǿվ޵ӿһмʮɷԲѪȻǿվ޵֮ϡ
ء
ǿվ޳ʹҺһȻһ˫տɫͫȴɢһĨƵóѵĽĿ⡣


1707 
ೡ
ֻһŹֵǿվ޵ĿУ͵һȦȦ״չĵ˻
īһ֣ҪһͷųըĹƣ˭ûī붯֣һֱԣһīԿ֮УīֻоĿѣ룬ͷؽᣬֿҪʵĸо
𣡡
ī붯ͣͷۻĵڣǿվ͵һצһīԴϡ

ʱīǷһصص˳ȥҿлԴĻػĻīѾԽѣһغˡ
īϣ

Զʿһīػһʧл̼
īΨһһī벻ɥˣôڽȺףΪ׵ĸ
ɵúã
Ϊǿվޣ깥ƾܹʶңߵ
ǿվ޵սǳḻȻʾӶյ룬ʹɱ֣īЩɥˣ
ĹĺĲֵܣɵӶЦÿһʿǿվ޵׿Խɱˡ
īϴϢĻᣬ죬ʹɱ֣
ɱ
ĹһӣĺĲλֵܣҲƵ˵еī룬ȫīһʱ䡣
ǿվ޵깥ֲ̫ˡ龳ĸֿ֣סӲƴˣ
īĸֽǣصؽҳһεĴӣȻͷǣī뻹ڵһʱ侲̨סꡣ
ţī˼һ͸ıսԡ
ಣ
ûʨֵɱīξ΢΢һΣΪһīḶ́Զ˵֮Уƾʨֵܵʧ
ţ
ˣ
ʨֵܺƲӥһӸ߿ɱ£ȴǾȵطīӰѾƾʧˣʱüͷа
Ӧʩչ˶ˡ
Ĺ˼άܣһͲ³īȥ򣬵ȫɢ̽ص׿ռ䣬ѰīӰ
ǣ
ʱ䣬Ĺͷī뼱ٶӵӰ߶еһǹϵһâīڵĵص׿ռȥ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ÿһâ׵ؽһǧɡľ͵¢һʱʯ׷ɣ𶯡
ĲĺҲ󣬷׷״߶еһǹΧĴӴܵī롣
ԼĪһӵʱ֮ವһһīḶ́ƾմӵصɿسԶϯȥ
Сб¾׷Ұ
ī뱻Ƴ˵ص׿ռ䣬ڰתһȦϷɽӶȥƬɽ̣ȻϽĵΧȴûʲôԴɹɡ
ԣī⽫սתƵƬɽһΪʱ䣬ȴ׵ľԮҲǵʨֵܽìͷ׼ڵĵӡ
īϣֱӣ
ĲҽС
īϣӣͱĺڵĵɱ¾һˣ
Ĺһв
īӴܵĽŲ΢΢һ٣ּܿ·ǺǣڵĵӸѪжҪɱҪϤ㡣
ǣһԶõϻˣ
ŵҾóϵջҪһЩ
ī޿ֵط༥
ĹҪӵвī룬˭룬ȴǱīһ
Ȼīյĳ룬ҪһЩ
ģǧīϸˣһڵĵӣӵĺǣҪҵɾǴˣ
īϿ϶ǴҪˣϾҲܱȫµӣڣԼ
ĹĺƬ̣˾ϡ
׷
Ĺһӣֵ˾ͻûһ⣬ԳīӶݵķ׷ɱȥ
ǿվޣ
֮ǰĹһǿվޣǿվҡӴԶԶص˺ͷ
ǺǣҾ֪ʨֵܿ϶Ϲû취ǾԲؿŽϻǰʧ
īѪڣȫԶӶݶȥԸܹϵڴ֮ǰֻоܵʱ䣬ʨֵǿվ޸Զĵطȥ
һˣīӶݵٶԽѸˡ
ಣಣಣ
ĹĺĲȫ׷ɱī֮ٶȣԽԽԽ󣬲ɵл̼ͷ৶䡣
ˣīϵĶ¯࣬ǸĽŲȥǾֻؿ뿪ˣ
ĺҧгݡ


1708 ļ
ǿվޣͷīϣ
Ĺϣһ¡
Զǿվޣеٶʨֵܲ£ʩչڤīҪһء
ԣʨֵܣǿվޣҪƾٶ׷ī룬ǲܵ顣
ೡ
֮£ǿվֻĹ֮£ٶʩչơ
ʱǿվ޵ѪУһ״Ѹޱȣһգۣϯīλá
۵һīͷһѪоǱ˶ͷһһʱðǣЩӸ߿еȥ
ɵúã
ɱ
ĹĺĲˣһīУʱϲ񣬷׷ɱǰ˫֮ľ롣
ಣ
Уǧܱ׷ϣһ׷ϣܾҲûлˣ
ԼĪʱ䣬ī뿰סΣ̨תͷɿƽʨֵܣī뵱ʩչڤԶ˵ص׿ռ䡣
ڵص׿ռУٲô׵ñ¶ΣӶǿվ޵һٻС
⣬īܵشīҲѾһЩ׼һ߷ɶݣһ߾̨ȫػԼꡣ
⣬е·ҲŤްɿԡǿվ޺׼ķ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ٶȱԭ˾ʨֵܣһ˫֮ľٶȱʱûðɡ
ǿվޣʩչ
Ĺܻ
ǿվ޵ͺһͷī˹ȥֱߴΣ˳֣ī롣
˫֮ľ룬һα
ߣҵҪīܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
īȼѪɶݣҪ˶ãͻֲסģ
īѾǿվ޵ܴΪأֻҪ׷ᣬųɹ׷ģ
ĹĲĺƬ̣ʱͳһ˸Ե
ܵ˵һ仰ī룬ֱ׷Ϊֹ
һè׷ӵ׷սīʨֵ֮չ

ͬʱϽΧڵһƬɫɭϿգֵĴǧӣڹڡڵʱ˼鷳
ǧʿһɫɭϿյʱ򣬾ͱУ㱼׹һþ֮УǧʿʼɱȺòɿ
һʱ䣬ĵ⽣Ӱɵ˸ͣɺѪˮ䣬һȷѪꡣ
Щļһȫ׹þʧȥңʼɱ
ֵһֱǳıӵȻǺɫɭҰȫ׹һ弯ӪĻþУֱֿԣ
ڡڵĵȫɱУ
ɫɭڲɡеˣڡڵǧʿȫͷŹ˳ɱþеֵӡ
ͬʱǧŮʡӨĴ£ȫӪһĻþסֵĵӣ䲻ֵңɱ
һʱ䣬ԭɱǧʿգۼֻʣǧǧֵĵӣڻþΪɱԼڡ˵Ĺɥ
ļ绯꣡
Ȼһըװıƽض
ţ޾Ľϯ죬ڸ߿лû˿
ڽûɵĴϴ֮£ֵɢʧ١
ԭ׹þ޷԰εһڵӣҲһָѣһ亹ٿɫɭڲ񣬳޾ĳޡ
ãʲôȻܹ绯꣬ϴǺò׻ûĹƻ
ֵĴɣһƵʥ֣ɾΣˣ
ǧɹĻڳûܹ俹⣡
ӨؿŨڴ绯Ľ٣ɵ絶ʡ
ǧз׷ͽӿɱٶȣܹɱɫɭ֮ǰܵض¾һЩˡ
ļյգ
Ȼһȣ˵ڱһȵĻ⣬һС̫һʱԶɢ١
ಣಣ
ηӣںɫɭֵϿղϵش󣬲һʱ䣬ԲɭϿգҲûһƻ
ϣ
ϣʧǧٶʦֵܣҪΪǱ𰡣
ҴĵӣΧ£ɵһɫǺ죬ŭ
ģҼǵһŮһεսУѾնɱˣΪλĻ
ҧгݣޱȷŭؿɫɭڲתɿѰŮʵӰ


1709 Ӱ
ಣ
ܿ죬ɵĿ⣬һŮϣȻں֮ĵһŮʡӨ

ŭһ̽£ҪӽնɱӨ
죬Ө
ڵǧֳһȣ͵س赲ɵǰ
һŮʣǧ˫޵£ֻԧ첻ɵϧǣһڵսУŮʲɥ
Դˣǧһѡ
ǧҲصޣһεŮԼǰɥ
ǧѰ
ʩسɷ𣬿ຣĻͷǰ
ڵĲһţɵǰ
֪ĶҲ۵
Įбһǧ벻УһﶼʥߣʱЦһȫûн벻з
Ҫ֪ɿһʥ֣
Ҫնɱʥߣֱ׾ٵ飡
ļѩ
£趯еķʩչļĵСѩ
ʱ콣Ӱ׷ɣΪ˰ѩ䣬˾ǣѩϵʱ򣬾ͺճĽˮһסֽţ˺׹̶ж쳣ٻ
ɵĴ߶£ëѩֱǧ벻жǧ벻շתŲͼȻ޼¡
ɱ
ɱ
ǣΪ˱Өǧ벻лûһ˿һԥŭһһһҵɡ
飡飡
غϣǧ벻оͱ˳ȥÿһ˵ؿڣ˺ѳһǵ˿ڣƤⷭתѪ硣
ϣ
ϣ
ڵĵӣ׷״ӵǰǧ벻С
ģֶɵĶ֣һƵʥ֣
ƴˣΣڵϦǾƴһҲҪף
ɱΪս
ǧ벻ɫϾƺѾս׼
ǧ벻еĴ£ڡһĵӣҲҧأ־ɳǣ׼־һս
ǺǣȻôҾͳȫǣ
ĮظźɫɭеʿЦһзһӣҪɱ䡣
쿴
ָԶʡ
ɶһ٣תͷԶĵƽߣȥֻǧӰƺƵϯ
ӷװһɫŮװ
ĪڵԮ
Ŀ΢΢һɫЩѿ
ϣûпĻӦ˿Աߵһ
ɳչأû˽⡣
˿һ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
δ֮ǰ˿һ壬ī뿪ѡѣ˿ǰԮҲȻ顣
˵һ峤ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡСزǸʥĸ֣
ĪǾŮ
ĿһתԿȺǰͳŮһ崿͸һ˿龫ֵŮէһΪǸµСŮԲ뵽Ȼһ峤ǳưһĴ
̫ˣ˿Ԯˣ
СزǰԮˣѩ̿Сزȭ˵ܹŤתƣ
Сزˣоˣ
ڡڡһĵӣһ̧ͷԶʼٷӶȺɵ۷׷ס
ʱ䣬СزǧʿƺƵطɵ˺ɫɭֵϿա
ֵܣݵò񣡡
ڣǱҰ
СزһһԷۣԶֳַɡ
ǧˣֳַɱڡ
Сز
Сز
ǧ벻СӨˣһСزϵ˵ŸԵĵӣСزԡ
ǵأ
Сز¹Σûз׵Ӱ
Сزһǰˣδ顣ѾӵϢҪ˼ͿԻˡֻҪסȵˡ
ǧ
ȥô
Сز΢΢̾˵ͷĿһ˵ϡ
ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ô
һеķĮضСزЦһҽյҪһʵñʧ
˵ţ͵һеķֱСزɱȥ
ã
һŭŷйأǴ
СزЦһһΣƾջΪһӰʧڸ߿С
Ȼǰ츳ܡӰ


1710 
ţ
ʲôӰƾʧˣ
ƲӥһɱɣֱһգʱʧЩ޲ߡ
£ȫɢʶѰСزӰ
Ȼƾɵʶֶ£ʮ飬δҵСزĲ֮
ಣ
һȭͷСӰǰһ
ɱܸܵһԱΣУæתͷ˽еķ
ͣ
һ̣һĽâһֱӺɵĻ֣ǿĹں黤ֶ֮ɵţǰᴩѪɣɺѪˮȪһӿ
ۡһһΣЩӸ߿׹
ʲôط
Ȼܹ㿪ҵʶֱ̽Ӱɱ֣
ľ֮ɫҿӦѸݣڻǰһ̣ػסҪĻԴѾķˡ
ϣ
ϣ
ֵǧҴߣһΪɵĴеǡ
û£ҸղֻˡСزҪ͵Ϯǲܵˣ
ɰ˰֣з͵һʱ޾Ľϯ죬Ϊ˾գȵĹâ£յҫ֮£ɫɭһƬȫûһӰ
ûӰСزûɵӰӣͺױ֡
ಣ
ȻһԼĪȭͷСӰƾջûһΣȻСز
Ǻǣ֪˰ɣ
ҪǣֻǿθˣĺϷںͷ
СزЦһζɡ
ٳϹ򣬱ȹ֪£
һٶɱǰ
Ӱ粽
СزһΣֻһĻӰƾճǰٶ֮죬ȫʶĸӦΧ
ɶһ٣ͷˢˢ䡣
ͣ
һ̣һŰɫҪɸУ
ȣ
ɷӦѸݣֻ̧һ󶣶죬еķϣһĽȻδܽ顣
ҵıܹݻٵģ
СزӰƾճɵǰȫסжٻɣϵЦ
顭
սȫֳһߵ̬ƣɣֻǿһЩûл֮
һϵ⣬׸
ס֣
ȴϣ
ֵǧҴߣۿһҲƵСزķ

ڵĵӣɱ
ڵķͽʱͶˣ
Ȼûֵʿ嵽Сزǰ˿ǧˣڡڡһǧӣʱ˵ǰ
ԭռƵֵӣȫơڶಿֿɱ£ܿɢһɢɳɱÿ޵˷Ӵܿ
ƣΪСزһ˵ĵܿͷת
СزΪıܹס𣿡
ȻĮζĤȫ뱻ɣƺеûչֳûͶ·ˡ

ͬʱʮ￪ɽϿգīأƴӴţʨֵǿվޣȻһ̲ͣ׷ɱī롣
˫һս
ȻһζƴӴܵī룬ǳΣգӴܵĹУ½˼ܴء
ȥҪ˼գīͽɢΪһ߸ʬ
ߣҵҪ㻹ֵܹʲôʱ򣡡
īϣϽͶգǴ󷢴ȱܹһȫʬĻĺǧַĥȥ
ûĥ֮󣬻ҪƳһ߿ܣʹǶʺ򣡡
ĹĺĲֵܣȫ׷ɱīͬʱҲڲϵī룬ͼī߳ױʧȥսľġ
֣ټ֣
ӦúܿҪϻˣ
īȼѪɶݣɿţīģȴʼûжҡһһ
ʱҴţܿ죬ֹȥҹʱ䡣
Ѫսеڵ˵νǶ꣬ÿһÿһ룬Ѫνܼ尾
ֻټְʱˣҪǽûܸϻҾֻԴˣ
īûɵһƺ̣ɽвϵشĸеǳļ尾
īϣѾͶ·ˣͲҪٸ翹ˣ
Ĺ﹥ƣδֹͣ
ֳ쿴
Ĳпһ̧ͷԶеĵƽߡ
𣡡𣡡𣡡𣡡
ֻһʯֱХһԻ͹ϵĻƽƼ硣


1711 ȼü֮
ǡڵŽ塯Ļƽ
ãҲŽأû뵽С־Ȼˣ
գǶҪΪƽأŵӸϾɱ
Ĺĺѭʣܿжϳ˵ݡ
ԶȺɽϿգûһƺ̵ī룬ХһɲǣɵһϲָΣʵĻƽʾ⡣
壬⣡
ī뼲ϲ
ôãڵס
ԶеĻƽϣѽվӣƽڵϽΧûжã׾ܹԶս죬ɽѵУļ٣޲̵ִڡ
īǰ
Ѫɫȥ
һ۾ͿԶеī룬߶ƽɿسīķϯȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ڵĻƽī˳ϡ
īǰ
ûȻƽͣ£ʹӻƽһԾ£һסīļ򣬹ʵô
ʮСģҲ½ӻƽվ׵ԡ
ֵʨֵܣ֪ĶһͷǿվΪ֣һͷ龳ǿվޣó깥ɱУвֻýƬߵɽУ
īžһưܵķ䡣
ɫһʲôʨֵܾȻһͷ龳ǿվΪ֣
ңǳó깥
Ȼͷһ˵ǿվޣǿվ޲˽⣬ǣīĻУ׵֪ǿվһͷ龳ޣּΪó깥ÿӵл׵ī롣
ǿվޣ
ԶĻʮɵ΢΢һһĲ˼飬ǿվ޿ǱǺжеޣΪʲôΧشҲ̫˼ˣ
īתͷʮСģĿдɻ
Ŷǽһ¡
ܵīǣ΢΢һЦܵīǰҲ֮ǰύĺѣСģڹĹɵ콾
ԣī벻ɵǰһһضСģʧʲôǴ˵йĹɵĵӣ
ڹĹɣīǳ˽⣬īĵһˣĹɵ֮
컯ɾĹɷǳأµӴԡ
û뵽׾ȻύһλĹɵĵӣһǹĹɵ콾
СģīǰĴһһᣡ
Сʮֹǫع
ī룬㻹ǵ𣿵ҿйһ֮Եģ
ʮֿ¶һӲӵĻưЦһ˾ջ
ǡ
ī΢΢һ㶣üͷ壬˳˼֮Уܿ죬ǰһ͵һĴȣϲǵѻʮ
Ҽǵһţ껹ҵ˱Թ˺öΣɾǲ
ī˿һſڣͱ˻ʮ¡
ȿȣȥͲҪˡ
ʮڨڨЦī˰֣ǹط꣬úó̸һ׷¡
Ұǽȼü֮˵
ʮһЦ
ţ
ʮԸȭ
īһĺϢһϲؿʮ
̸۱ʮı֣īҪ߳һء
ī龳ʱ򣬻ʮһ龳ˡ
Ȼ˵Ǹʱʮûн콣󡱸ڣҲǲɶõ龳ˡ
ʱǨʮΪԾ٣˻ʮȭټīףδ޷Ťתս֣ɹֵĴ
Ȼ
ʮͷһЦ
ī벻ɵӶЦǳü
ಣಣಣ
˳ĵʱĹĺĲˣǧɸߵǿվޣȻ˻ƽĲԶ۹һˡ
ֳ쿴Ž˰֣Ϣжϣƺһ龳ĸ֣
ĲһԵĻʮ΢΢һɫð
ѹīƴӴܣԭڵȴԮ
Ĺ޵ҧгݣ̣ˣΣǶҪؽϻ۶˭ҪѪսף
Ѫսף
Ѫսף
ĺĲȫػһȭͷ
Ž壡
ĹȺеףɱ֣նɱٹҽ˺ô
ԣǰһһмضĹң
ã֣
Ĺֱ£û뵽һԪСȻҸ˵̫֪ߵغˡ
㣬ϻǷϣ
Ĺһ⣬ֱӿżɽѯװ齣Ľϻ䡣


1712 ǹལ
ϻ˵ʲôϻ
׹װͿ
㡭
ĹҧȰ㻹ǹԹԽϻĻһ׷Īģ
˵ţָһԶǿվޣܹһͷǿվΪ֣˵ҵıǳǿᣬܹĴڣʶ㣬Ͻϻ
ֻҪ㽻ϻǿ˱ӽ³ɺһʹ
Ĺϡ
ǺǣȻıŻң
Ϊҳé®ëͷС𣿱㼸仰ͻסˣ
ҡͷһЦһЦ˵ˣǺߴҶȫ
װ̧ͷӵŴаǴķ壬׾𾳽ĸ֣Զռѷбȫ
ԣĹνǿ󱳾
УҽʲôƨϻԸ˱ӽ³ɺһʹ
ЦҡͷΪһŹ𣿡
䣬ĹĺĲˣЩÿѪ
һδҲ̫ˣ
ĹԷŹһӽ³ɺһʹû뵽ƵλףȻͬˣ
ƺ׵УƵĺţֵһᣡ
壬̫һײĲļһ
ȻˣǾֻӲˣ
Ĺһеһǹ͵شһشصһ
ĺĲеһǹҲâʢһɱ졣
ˡ
ǿվ˻ҡػΣԶİѪɫҲ׷׵ʹͷҳ
СģϻƽǰʹԮ
׳Сİ˰֡
Сɵ˻ƽѪɫ׵ĺ£ҲƵسŻʹķϯȥ
Զؿʹķżҵս
СȻֻԪ۷徳磬ȴƥʥ֣⣬аѪɫԮ˵һ
οСĵУ괢һ׷ؼʱ̣ϴó
ۿСŻƽҴ뿪׶ʱҲû˺֮ǣͺһ˵ɿػû޵״̬Ƥ֮ϳһƬƬϽۣۿӵٶţһʱ䣬׵ȫϽ֮£һεɱ¾
ţ
ŽȻˣһͷޣ
ʨֵ΢΢һһض״̬µףȻе棬ǣȴûнԪ׸
Ȼǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣʥ֣ûмܹƥС
ǣ׵ĵ龳ĸ֡
龳磬Ԫ߳󾳽磬֮
ԣʨֵܵעķڻʮϡ
ʮէʨֵܲʮĵϸԸСĽ
ī룬ĸСһУɵһ
ʮ˫֣ݵնƺʱпܱ紵ߣʮô赭дնһǿߵϯ˾̾
ɵһ
ī΢΢һЦ˼Ȼó깥ǿվˣʨֵܣһ˾Կ⣡
ã
ҾȰǿվޣ
ʮͷһЦٿأǵسǿվ޷˶ȥֻ֮䣬ʮͿԽ˳գǿվǰƺһسɴĹ
һֱŽһУͬĿˣԴ󣡡
ǿվײУּΪó깥Ѱ龳ʿĶ֣
лʮϼһȻһſھҪնɱǿվޣδҲ̫ûǿվ޵ˣ
ĹĲĺˣǿվ޵ĻʮɫȫֳһĨЦݡ
īǰ
һһϼѵ鵤ҩ˳ݸī롣
īſһе鵤ҩͻΪһҩɿӿīĿУһīɫͺÿࡣ
ãīˣ
֣նɱī룬شǧҪϢĻᣡ
Ĺһī̷鵤ҩٹ˼ǿվʮսתԶī롣
ĺĲ˽һɱڡ
ã
īǰǲս
һЦһǹ˳
˵һıǹһͳͽһɿֲϯҡػΣ𵴡
ţ
͵ңͽҸһ¡
ವһָһɣһȫûɵͻƳգԳʨֵȥ


1713 
С
ĲЦһݲǰеһǹ͵һҪļʸ
ȻڼʸҪ䵽ĲǰʱûĲֲʸһʸб˿
ţһϰɵĿռѷ죬ƾճĲǰϹ޵ѪڣһɿֲϯҪĲС

ĲҺһſ͵Լɵôʧɫ
ܣ
ܣ
ԶĺĹæȣһε˵ϯ͵ؽĲק˻
Ĺĺİ֮£ĲӰٱˣ˿ռѷɣһһʱɫ԰ֽͣشϢŴɫǧ
Ž壬Ȼ˵һͶ֮䣬ܹ˺աµǣļʸ̺а۴һ˿壬ܹ˺գ˸У
ղһʱ⣬Щ˵
ĲΣŻعٿ׵УҲûһġ
ȡ֮޾ľ֮ɫ
СŽ壬ǧĵ
Ĺһ
ʨֵҪԵĵˣīˣȻ֮׾Ϊͣȴв
ԭܼīȻӵŶ״ףʵǳǿᣬȴûһ
ʨֵīʱֻҪ󣬶ʱû֮ݵġ
׾Ͳͬˡ
ֻԪ磬ʵ龳ʨֵǰֵһᡣǣƿصķ壬ȴܹɱκһ龳֡
һ⣬пɲصĲһ
Ǻǣ֪ҵ˰ɣ
Ȼһδ֣ܵȴһʨֵܣзǳ졣
壬ȥסˣ͵Ϯȡܹնɱһˣ
ֻҪնɱһˣʣµ˾ͲΪˣ
ī뽨
ã
׵ͷϿīս
ȣ
£ī̤״ƿ͵ʨֵܡ
顭
ʨֵͦǹӭսη֮ɫǣڲĹУȴʼЩţʱطֳ̽׵λãװ͵Ϯͻʩɱ֡
ҹ飬
һ
ſ׼ϵİҹֽһʱӿһź׸䣬һʱ䣬׾ƾʧ
ȥȺɽӣɾ޷ɽ䣬ų겻ɢûɵ֮䣬Ѱ١
Զĸ߿У᾵Ļʮɣǿվ޵ǰ̧ͷǧɸߵӴޣ΢΢ƣͺ񿴵һֻĸ
𡭡
ǿվ͵ſѪڣŻʮҧ
ͣ
ʮһΣ˵ڣ͵޾ȫɲǼ䣬ʮξͻûһӴĽâ
ֻһ˺ѵ죬ʩչ˽һĻʮ;ǿվ޵Ѫ֮С
顭
ָ֮䣬ǿվ޵ļ֮ϣ͵˺ѳһʮɳѪûɽâĻʮֱ͸һѪ
ء
ǿվ޲Һɢտɫĸֽǣʱ˿ȫɺѪˮȾˣԡѪ
Ĵ̹ǵʹǿվ޲Һ
Ǻǣҵһûɽâǰ벽Ĵڣĸֽܹģ
ʮնֿ¶һڽӲӵĻư
ӡ
ǿվ޷ŭصתͷŻʮͷųһˣ˳״˲ֻʮŻʮ꣬ͼûʮ飬һغ
깥
Ǻǣ˽꣬һ壬ּ깥ܹ˺ģ
ʮͺһȫĽâ͵رɣ䡣еˣһĽâɢ˿
ʱˣ
ʮ΢΢˫͵˫ֺʮһ֣׷ɢ£⼸ɵ֮С
콣󣡡

ʮһ
¡¡
¡¡
ʱÿһеĽ֣͵رɱ⣬˲Ͼۣ֮ڸ߿лһĻߣջ㼯һ㣬һ
֮УǱ޾Ľâסǿվޡ
໣໣
ǿվƺܵ˲Ϊ̼˻Ѫвϵ³һſⵯŽ
ͬʱԭǧɸߵǿվޣͣգۼͻûɸߵӴޣء
Ȼ޾ĽֻûɵĽȴ˿ⵯڽϣֻǵһڽȴûһ𺦡
ţ
ǡ콣󣿡
ͬʱڲԶսīʨˣҲһ㵵תͷԿԶӴȫͨ쳹صĿֲâˡ


1714 ʬ
콣ʨֵܲİһǳֲĽ󣬾龳ʿ׹У֮ݡ
ǣҪһ콣󣬷ǳѣǲ󣬾ͷǳѰʿܹΪ֮ġңҪַǳࡣ
˭룬ʮǹƥһ콣󣬽ǿվ޸У
ʨֵܾԲġ
ֱ̫ˣ
ⲻܣʮȻܹƾһ֮ˡ콣󡯣
콣Ϊֲһ׹У龳ĸֶпɥӣǿվ޵ĴǳΣˣ
ѹֻʮ˿ȫǿվ޷ԭ֣
ʨֵܣһɫ̣ŵؿ콣еǿվޡ
ͬʱڵĸ䣬ԶĵطڼսеʿҲ׷ͣԶе콣󣬾ʿͻ콣еǳ
콣еǿվʱڵĵӾ֪˰֣һһǳİ֣
ʮĪǽ콣֮У
׻˵ղĿ࿴Ȼ١ôҲϵʮʵѾ̶ȣ
īͬһ㵵ضͨ쳹ص콣öδ˵һ仰

ٿأĿض콣ͬʱʮ͵رһ콣
ֻһ¡¡ıǧٿǳͬʱըֱӴ͵ͣһĽâ˲ǿվ޵ɲǼ䣬ͽɸߵǿվ޸г˼ٸƬ
ء
ͻɱǿվ޸ӦֻüҺһͳһغ
顭
һǧɵѪ⣬һɽһӸ߿еɺѪˮǷĵĺˮһк¡
ˣǿվ޾Ȼһնɱˣ
ÿֲ콣󣬾Ȼ׽ɱ龳ǿվޣ
ʮǺηʥδҲֲ̫ˣֵ֣δĶ֣
ʨֵܣһɴţֵۣضŲʬǿվޣ༸ֹͣ
Ҫ֪ǿվ޿ʨֵ̣ܵҪûǿվ޵İæƾʨֵܵľΪ龳֡ī롱սʤ
ǿվ޺ⲻ⣬ʨֵܵĴ÷ǳΣ
ս֣˲Ťת
ֳǿվˣǸϽӰɣ
ˣûǿվޣǾʧȥצͻ޷γвڣпܶ
Ĳĺȫһһҡ

ʮʵǳҵϣӣҵҪʨֵܻܹʲô
īЦеĶ״ʨֵܣʨֵӶݵĻᡣ
顭
ʱʨֵīսһš


īսڵԪйһкʨֵܽڽڰˣƺЩмܡ
û취ʨֵܣսֻһʱŵĨͣսʱҲ޷չֳԼ״̬
飡
ȻīĶ״͵һתһֱӽĲһǹ˳ȥ
Ĳһ˴ǹȫɶ
ಣ
ʱһƺϢӿĲವһΪһưצһĲ廨
ţ
ʲô
Ĳɫ䣬Ҫ׼ѣȴһϤˣ
һĲǰȻ˺ѳһϰɳĿռѷ죬޾˲佫ĲС
磬硭

˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬Ĳͱ˿ռѷУѡ
ܣ
ܣ
ĹĺתͷռѷеĲɵʧ˫Ѫѽѡ
ͣ
ռѷڽĲ֮󣬺ܿ޸ϣʲôûзһ
ɵúã
ĹĺǵǿվѾʬǵĲҲ֮УҵҪǻʲôŤתս֣
īЦĹĺ趯Ķ״ضѸͣգҪǸһ򾡣Ҫͳʴ̤ƽ֣
˵ţīսһعĺĹʧȥһĹĺ򣬸ûл֮һҽͷ৶䡣
ѵʨֵܵһӢҪڴ𣿡
Ҳİ
Ĺҧӿ޾Ĳġ


1715 ɽɽ
֮У޾ǿӿţη
ಣ
ĲӰ֮УʱܵһƤ⿪ѣҪĸо

һ̣ķϯ£ĲȫУʱ˺ѷεĸо˲ʧ
Ž壬Сˣ֪͵Ϯ
Ĳعû״̬ףش
ǺǣԹʤΪΪܡ֮侳ΪôҪֱⲫȱçô
ЦһһЦ߼ΪʲôӲҵĹأ
ЦĲ
ĲϢһϣʱƿԡ
ȷ
֮ǰ׵ļʸЩĲռѷ֮УԺĲҲӲ׵Ĺˣ²ɥ
ûϵջ׵С
ãˣ
ҪɱҪУϤ㣡
Ĳ̾ʹͷһһģ
Ǻǣ𼱣Ҳô׾ġ
ҡͷһЦǧְ취Խĥȥʹ
һ٣ܵĲɲ׵ȻһЦȻˣֻҪܹʵʵػشҵ⣬ҾͿԸһʹġ
ǴĶõĽϻڱǺпɽ𣿡
һʵ
Ĵ˵һֱڱǺװ齣ĽϻҲһֱڱǺ֮С
ʨֵܵõһϻǳ֡
⣬ʨֵܻٻһͷ龳ǿվΪֵ֣ͬɡ
Ҫ֪ǿվǱǺеޣĵطڡ
ּʨֵڱǺпɽб
ȻӵŴадһַ壬κΪڣΪԺķչҪܵ˽˵ĵϸ
׻˵֪֪˰ս˵ľ
֪˰ɣҸ㣬ҪɱңڱǺĿɽǲ̤ƽڣ
ʶ㣬Ͻңһܹ󷢴ȱӴ㾮ˮˮ
Ĳһ״Ǻ飬ʱааһЦв
žž
˦ֳĲ⣬ĲƤѪ
ҷϻûиҽаʱ
ɫĮ
С֣ˣҾҲ͸¶㣡
һСͷس˼⣬Ĳʱ̣ȫ¡
£Ҳáȫ߶磬׼ͬھ
ţ
Ҫ˶ô
һʱĲľٶһ
һĲķģ̼١ֻһ죬ĲǿŰ£Ӧ顣
ҲŹ㣡
Ĳ˻

һӣ벽ġһǹ֮УһǹĵָУɵһЦг졣
Ǻǣһ벽ġһǹǲɶõķ
ΪҵսƷ
׻һеһǹؽԼıС
ĲһһǹҲ֮׾ͱ׸ΪС
¡¡
ͬʱһӴı罵ȻĲı硣
壬
׻æ߶壬ַɣ֮жʱɳķģټı硣
ҵҪеŶֵǮļҵ
ʶһ̽뱦УѰ
һ̣ĿһĻĲıڲضǶѵɽĿʯ鵤ҩʷĵر滨ݡ֮˿ۻң
ˣӳ׷ˣ
ҵһۣ
Ӳıɽеļ֮飬һʱԱ
Կ϶ǣĲıдıԸɵй廹Ҫе̡
̫ˣôһ⣬ڴӽҲȱԴˣܹ̾ҡһ䣬һ壡
ϲһӣֱӽһƿԼУšƿһᣬʱüЦ
Ȫ
ǳԴ
ʶһ̽һ´ƿеȪʱȵصһʲôƿоȻٵȪ
û뵽ĲһȻѹ˶ĲƱţ
˫Ź⣬޷ѡ
ٵȪһʾ޴ĲƸٵȪȫڶʱһ֮ʦػ԰
ĲֵֻңǶҡĺ򡯣󵱼ҡĹӵиĲƸ
һˣ׵еĲƱȫԼıڲһΣ˺գƾһʶӣصϽΧڵһƬɽϿա


1716 ݲ

īеĶ״ӿĲһһһ󣬷سĹĺк£κλֵء
Ȼī׼һĹĺȫ¡һʨֵܾͽȫ
ҲȺףһɢɳ
ʱʾ֣ˮɵ飬׾پܹ׽֡
飡飡飡
Ĺĺȫеһǹֵī籩һҹƣֽƣͺȹϵһ
£ǿվĲƾĹĺ˵ʵ
ֻҪīʮ֣ԶʱܹĹĺȫɥڴˡ
磬ǽҪ𣿡
ĺͺһīĶ״һ
Ĺһдį
û뵽ʨֵܣССսĺôãջ﷭
Ĺ̾һٿܣ⻹һöﴫͷؼʱ̿
ھͽöﴫͷ㣬û
Ĺһͽһŷ׭˳
磬ҲҪ
ĺҡͷԼãûҿԣû㣬пܾʹűķ׭һҪԼã
ĺ
ܣţĶôķϻ
ѵĻ𣿡
ĹŲתŭس嵽ĺǰ־ҪеﴫͷӲĺ
ҲҪ
Ĺеһǹȫ˶ī룬磬ɽڲûգϿ뿪ҵţ
ߣٲ߾ˣ
ĺŭһھѪȼһʱ䣬ĺȫԡ𣬺һһսȻǡ
ī뱻ĺסʱ޷Ĺ
ģû뵽һлһﴫͷ
īҧгݣԽԵýܹģĺڽڰˡ
ͬʱԶĻʮһɣԳĹķ˶ʣʮҲĹеﴫͷҪĹδ֮ʣɱ
ܡ
Ĺ߬ﴫͷԡѪսĺһʱӯ΢΢
ۿŻʮӰԽԽĹ˲óɣ߶еﴫͷ׼Ӷݡ
Сӣӣ
˵ʱʱ죬ʮ͵һ֣һĽâͻƳգĹ
Ĺִ֮£ֻ㿪Ҫһұֱӱжϣɶ
ͬʱĹеķ׭ҲȼմһƱӿĹС
ಣ
һ̣ĹӰƾʧڰСХ̳ȴҲĹİӰ
ãһ
ʮ̤ɵһź
ʲô
Ĺˣ
īһĹ˳ѣжʱһʧ䡣
īϣ㵨ΪУֱǳıӵŰɣҪ˶ãھͻᱻΪƽأ
ǣҲΪȥᣡ
ڿĹ˳֮ĺɵ÷ЦƺѾ֪ԼǱĴˣ˫ٿӹһĨ
ಣ
ͬһʱ̣׵ӰƾճɽϿա
塣
ʮתͷƾճֵףɵ棬˵ܹڿռѷ⴩󣬽һˣ̫˸еˡ
ʼ΢΢һЦתͷȫռϷī룬ʵĹأΪֻʣĺһˣ
ʮź̾ϢһĹһﴫͷǲע֮ˡ
ʲô
Ĺˣ
׵ɴţۣһض㣬оǳź
ǽʨֵһ򾡵ĺûᣡ
׻˵ݲ紵Ĺպ󶨻ڴ޾鷳
οֵıͬѰ˵ڱǺڲǿĿɽ
īϣǽվͬھգ
Ȼ״ضĵڣԶĺȻ˻һҲƵīϣƺҪԱ뱦磬һͬھ
ã
īһٸвٱˣͬʱȫ߶ףеֵ
䡭
ֻһ¡¡ıĺӦը˿޾񳱷ҲƵس˷ӿȥ˲ûī롣
īнĻػ׼ԣĺԱīĴ˲
ɱﵣĺı磡
һ龳ֵı磬ԳһأһСȻ飬񳱣ǧٿǳ顣
һܲīĴǳǡ


1717 ǰǺл
Сģ
ס֣
ʮڿĺԱʱ򣬾͵ͫ׽
ǧһ֮ʣŹ߶巨Ѹһ
һϡƽȴ̺ŴаǴһַ壬˲仮ĺλá
䡭
Ȼһδĺ򣬽һ
ȴڱԱǰһ̣˳ִȻһеķ壬ȫ˿֮˺ѳһǧɵĿռѷ졣
ţһ¡¡ľ죬ĺıȻֲ񳱣ǧٿǳͬʱ飬һľ޴Ģ˲ֱ
޾񳱣˷ϯҪīһɡ
ȻʱǧɵĿռѷڲ͵ӿһɿֲϹ޵Ѫڣ͵ؽ޾񳱣ȫС
顭
ը˼ʮΪռѷĳ֣񳱣ȫ˿ռѷڲƾʧ١
Զī룬ǡΪռѷ콫ȫյԵʣӹһ٣ûܱ籬Ĳ
ҿ弰ʱ֣ĻһҲҲҪˡ
̳ɢȥһ׵ī룬ͷش̳г˳һ¡
ֲıըԲǧɽȫΪƽأӸ߿ոӶ£ԿһӴӡ
īǰ
īѣ
ʮ𣬴īš
⣡
ī
ಣಣ
ʮѭӶգۼ䣬Ͳīǰһеضī룬꺮ůô
īʼһЦģл׻̶ֳȵıըҲֻǸҴһЩƤ˰ˣֵһᡣ
ұչ£ָܹȬ
īһν
׵ͷһЦʮīô˵Ҳһ
ˣĺԱʱһǹƺֶɣ֪䵽Ķȥˡ
ǸϽңǿǰ벽ķ
īɢʶȫһǹӰ
һ֦
˵СĳɰѪɫĻƽִڵĻʹϿյʱսѾβ
ֵĶߣ뵶սòָ£ʮּҡ
ȴڵĴʱɱһ͸ӭͷʹ
ڵĴʥĴڣֵȣνǿǿ֡˵֮£Ƕľ֧ܿͰ
СĳɰѪɫĻƽִʹϿյʱѾһնߵͷ­
ڵȣڵһڵӣֵҴ߽˷׷ɱ
һȫɥʧ˶־ֻ޵ȣһƴӴܡ

Ѿնߵͷɻһ벽ʥ
˳նߵͷ­һƽʱ˷ܵس𣬾˻ƽ֮ǰ
Ȼƽŵĸףһò߹Ů
Ԯ
Сزؿڴŵڵı־һۣ֪ڵĳϣʱ΢΢һЦһ䡣
ãڵ
СĹ˹ָ֣һԶĺɫɭ֣սѾβҪԮˣȥɫɭǰæ
˵ţ͵ػеķҲƵؼ׷ɱбʣµС
һ۲۵·򡣡
С뿪ıӰ鲻Խ΢΢һЦߴٰѪɫźɫɭֵķӶȥ
𣬺𡭡
Ѫɫԣת˺ɫɭֵķ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ɰѪɫĻƽ˳ִ˺ɫɭֵϿա
ɫɭϿգֵĵӣڵĵԼһĵս쳣ҡ
ΪһǧӵԮһռϷ磬һֵˡ
һߣСزִɵսҲβ
СزϾǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣȻǸʥ֣ҪѷСزһ
ڼս˼ٻغ֮ѾˣһϢֻƾһ֧š
СزҲشȻҪɵ״̬õöࡣ
ɣ㻹־ܣ
Сزնŵɽеɣ
ߣ־ܣûôף
Цһٿ̽𣬻Ϊһ磬ԶʼӶݶȥ
ɲɣԶʣһƽӭӶ
ãǡŽĻƽ
ɶȥŵûɢЩһͷڵء
£ɵת򣬾Ҫ辶
һתͷСزɱڵɱ
һʱ䣬ĸо
ǰǺл
һ֣


1718 ԩҾ
ݵأ
Ͷ·֮£̾һͷ˵棬ʩչ˶ݵգʧ١
ã
СزĿһл̼ҪʩչӰ׷
ʱವһһöȭͷСıַӶٻӰСزǰ
СزˣͲҪص׿ռ׷ɱˣ
ٻˡ
˵ţ߶֣Ҫصס
УţʧȥֻʣһǣܴˣָΪѣȻһ֮ͽʱпಫԲȥðգ
Сزǵ
ģҾֻʣһ壬ʰһһϢʥֵ顣
֮ǰƴɱûгֻҪĥһˡĿĴﵽʵˡ
ٻȻһЦȫûнСزĻ
˵ʱʱ죬Сزٻ뽻̸֮ʣɰѪɫĻƽѾ˵ǰ
Сزٻ̧ͷȥɵ΢΢һ㶡
Ů˭
Ϊ׵Ļƽ֮ϣ
Сزɵ΢΢׵ʹ˼
ʣܹϻƽˣ׵ĹϵͬСɡ
ֻǰŮǳİСزûڼƺڵĵӡ
Ȼڵĵӣܹ׵ĻƽЩѰζˡ
ӣûôף
ڻƽϵСģûȻƽȹ۲ƣ˵ж˫ͼص׿ռʱ򣬵һͳʮ׷ȼ
ȵƽ׷ѰɵϢһƬɭϿյʱСļû˿ԥ͵һ֣ʮ׷˲ȼգʮ׽ٶ¡
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
ʮ׵׷ѰɵϢԺ˵ص׿ռڲ
ʱԲǧɵɭֱûҷһӴӣƾճ֣ľҲ׻ʴ֮£ȼ
ۡһҺԭص׿ռӴܵɣֱӱʮ׸Ӧͱûҷ𣬻Ϊһ
Ǻǣǲһ
Сһֱӽеķ֮Уɻһʥ
˭
Сزݲǰ̲ʵ
ǹĹɵСģǣ
СЦСز
ĹɵСģСزüûлشСĵ⣬ֻһŮеСġ
ƺҪСĵпһЩ
ٻվһԣʱЩΡ
Сģٻйһ֮ԵٻҲ֮һЩءԴˣٻ뻹ѵףΪӻӣǸ׵ˡ
û뵽ôСľСزˣһ棬ʹζʮ㡣
Сģôˣ
ٻ΢΢һЦҳᵽ㣬˵ǹĹɵĵӡˣڵī룬ƺĹһԨԴ
˷ǰҪīİգ
ٻ⽫īĹɵĽ˵Сزеǡ
Сĵ˵ͷǹĹɵīǰǺѡǴ˷ǰһҪѰҹѣһ棬ҲҪҪ̡û룬ȻڣǾ˳ˡ
Сᵽ׵ʱЦúһ˫ˮ۾гһ죬Сزдġ
ɵķң
СزýĿǵ
˵е𣿡СеսƷ
СزֱСģ˵ͷ
ҽɻսƷΪʲôҪ㰡Сĵһ˫޹۾޾ɫضСز
ʱ˿̣ŮƾĵУܵ˶Էһ˿⣬ʱ˭Ҳ˭âĸо
ɻսƷЦ㲻ֻһûᱦǿˣ
û㣬Ҳܹɱɣ
СزЦһܳ壬ЩͷҷȰ㣬ϽңĻҲ
Ӵ
Сͦͦʵظ޿ֵ㲻ҿǹĹɵ콾ֻԪ۷徳磬ȴںСǧĽţѰʥҵĶ֣
Св˿ûӵ˼
Ĺɵ콾
СزЦһ΢ҡҸû˵ʲôʲӹĹɣҪ˵Ĺɵ콾жôˡ
Сز΢΢ͷһҵУ콾ڳ̨һרʶӣѾڵھŲ̨רԼʶӣ㡭
СزһĵҡҡͷƺҲûпʶӣ


1719 Ů
䣬СĲɵϢһϣһ㵵ضСز
СôûϵСزȻڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣ
֮£СڹĹɵ콾ȷЩ
Ȼ·磬СȴζԸ䡣
ߣǹĹɵӣ͵ԸȨĻҹĹɣвٵܹڳ̨ڲһʶӣ
СһȻֻԪ۷徳Ϊǣһҽʥ磬Ҳа˳ɵİգܹϵھŲ̨ףڳ̨ڲһʶӣ
СزЦһζСģȻǾСſڿӡ
ȿȣǼȻǽĻ飬ûбҪǵߵˣӦһźŶ
ٻǰһŬ˫Ĺϵ
ţСİ·ɱҵսƷ
ζȥ
Сز
ʥҵսƷƾʲôҪҹãĪǾҺ۸Сͬ粽á
ٻʱЩЦá
ǧеˣҲһ֪Ȱ˵
ǿ쿴
ָԶϯӰ븱ˣ
ৡ
ʱ˷׷תͷȥһϲЦտ
ʣī롢ʮһˣսʤʨֵܣǿˡ
һסī롢ʮˣ;Էɵ˺ɫɭֵϿա
壬ã
СһףӻƽϷӶ£ǵشյ׵ǰεεҸղ׷ӵɸɱˣʥǴϽɻսƷСزŮҪҽսƷã˵ǰ·ٲơ
һЩ޴ͷ
˵ߣҷѾţ֮ŽɴһϢ㲻Ҳܹնɱɡ
ǹ֣ҵսƷ
Сزط
ͬʱСزεεתͷίסһۿشתƺʱ¡
ܵССزίײɵ¶ЦЩ֪롣
һڹĹɵСģδпܳΪڵһɽһ˿Сزͬ˵ѡκһ׶Ը
񣬿ССزļƣƺҪ۳һߵ
Сزܹǰӣѵʱ򣬲ηǰԮΪڵĵظм㣡
һ̧ͷСزһЦ
׾ȸοСز
ϾСز֮壬һˡ
֮ǰΪŮ飬СزȻСزȴܹ̣Ҫʱ޷˵شǰԮ
ɴ˿ɼСزһôŮ
Դˣзǳж
ߣ㻹еġ
Сزûذһۣԡ
СزˣҸιҩ
һͳһ鵤ҩԸСز£ţһһƿ˳ݸСزҵһ⣬Ͽ¡
ԶСģԸСزιҩ۾ֱˣҧ촽Ҫֹףתһ룬ƺԼûʸô
ϾСײֻƼˮ̸꣬ʲô顣Ҳûʸ׵Ϊָֻš
˿ѣĹͷ˿Ȼ㾡ȫԮڡôΪлԣﻹջȥա
Сز̷鵤ɫÿ࣬װ˰֣׼ȡ׵
Сز֮ͲҪˣһսۣڲҶһ٣һһŤת˾ƣնɱνȫʤ
һΣǽɻսƷͷǳ񡣡
⣬һһʮƿһٵȪֻ˽˵һСС⡣еսƷ֮󣬶˸˿ȥһݺģҾԲ㡣
˵˲ҪǲҪСز죬һӣһ˫ˮƳԶСģһһٵҪģ͸ֻرҵսƷ
СزǴҪСѿˡ
ɫһЩᡣ
ԶīʮһЦҲ޿κεҡҡͷ
ϡ
ī죬ƺҪ˵ЩʲôȴǱʮִϣǺǣСΪĶȥ
īһЦ΢΢һ
壬ֻҪһ仰Ͼͽʥá
Сĳǰһضףۿӯӯݽҧһίòеļơ


1720 ʤ׷
СΪĹɵ콾С˵гݸ߹ǧС㣬ûܹʲôί
ȴǱСزۺ⡣
СίףаֻҪеʥô̵ͷ뿪ӽҲף͵ûʶ
Сͱ˵ڨڨһЦСģˣڵĹӦ¾ϯúдһŶԡôίأ
˵ţһֱӽװһٵȪƿݸСģһܹӹһ٣ϵİæҵһС⣬װһٵȪϿ°ա
ͼڵŵľơ
䣬ȫһÿһʿȫ׵ľˡ
һ֣һٵȪ
Ǻţ
壬㲻Ҫƿ͸ҵôָˣ
Сز
ɵͷƤһתͷСزԱߵİٻ롣
ٻݺݵصһۣųСزͱΪˣΪѣˡ
Ҳܡ
СزƢǳִ֣˵Ҫ͸ҵĶΪʲôһת͸ˣҲ׼
εͷ㲻ǲҪ𣿡
ҿԲҪǲ͸Ů
Сز˵һɵ۵Ļ
ʱ򲻵òпŮ˵߼⡣
壬лл㡣
СƵĴнӹƿšƿһСزɱһУؽƿǬ
壬㡭
Сزŭضס
Сز⻹С
һͳһƿСزУ͵͵ظ㣬ƿһʮȪСĵĶʮΣ
Сز΢΢һЦһʲôҵƿһʮȪСĶʮΣ
⻹ࡣǱΪѵˡ
СزһѴжƿҫضŲԶСġ
СĵУҪ
壬һǷǵˣҾ֪㲻ҽʥΪ֪ҵսƷ
С֮£ֻתսìܵصʥϡ
Сزͷ𣬵Ҫ쭣ȴǱһס
Сز֪նɱĲ֮˳ɻһ벽һǹҽһǹת㣬ϣʵܹٳ߸ͷһ
һֱӽһǹ˳ݸСز
ৡ
ʱڳһʿڵĵӣڵĵӣ˿ˣȫһĽʺ޵Ŀ⿴Сز
ͬʱÿһʿȫ̾׵ľȻһ֣ͽ벽һǹ˳
ں壬Ҳǳ
ʲô벽ġһǹ
Сһеһǹɵ˫Ź⣬һǹСͻȻԼеʥһֵһᡣ
壬㡭Ҫһǹ͸ң
Сزò˼ס
һص˵ͷ
ǣҡ
СزʱЩζûϵ׻Ὣһǹ͸
ԼãСز׵ĿУӵжôҪĵλ
Сزš
ٻһĺմǲݣĵʱɲˣǧλᣬҪúѪС
ÿЦãʲôеմǲݣ
С֮䣬ûʲôòã
Ȼôг⣬ҾֻΪѵˡ
Сزҧ촽Щߵش׵нӹһǹԭСֵò죬ʱ˿ɢȫ׶ĺУ۵޷԰Ρ

ʱǧʿƺƵӶ
תͷ
û°ɣһеؿס
ʼЦλǰֵʨֵܣֻһλѾɥȪ
ԣ˲ɵǰһһƶЦ˷ܲѡ
̫ˣֵʨֵܣҪɽ𼸺ǲܵˣ
ʨֵʣµһҲΪˣ
֣Ʊؽĺ׳Ϊһǿ
ڵȺ۷׷ס
ǱߵսΣ׹ʵ
뵶նɱֵĶߣ⣬ֵǧӣҲɱ䣬ֻ˼ˡ
һһʮ
װͷЦ
ã
һսǴȫʤ
߬ȭͷҪʤ׷һٽִ֣컯ɾʧ


1721 ֮
֣
̤ƽ֣
ڵĵӣһɱڵػŸеķʿ߰
תͷѯĿ⿴ʮī롣
ֵʨֵܣֻʣһĹšҪ̤ƽ֣ƾһ˵ʵǾԲġҪī߻ʮԮС
ʮǰһһЦ¶һư壬ҸһͬǰնݳīˣϤĵ
лϣ̫鷳ˡ
׹˹֣һϲؿʮ
ʮܹӧϲڣĹֵһᡣ
޷Сһ׮ˡʮ˰֡
ͷˡīһмؿʮ
ǧ񣬸һͬǰ֡˵ȣؽɽ׼칦硣̤ƽ֣Ҫһ
´

ǲǧױִڸǲһǧӣƺƵس𣬼һ׼
Сز
Сġ
׿СزСģǾǰʹЪϢһ֮ٺúÿǡ
Сزɵһ·Сġ
СĲվһԣԹףֱȫë
ȵȣ塣
ȻٻһΣԷɵ׵ǰЩʱҴδйиġħƽצѾɹʹɱ䡣
ȻûгɹӰ벽˳ɱ𣬵ǣĽҲѾԶˡ
ٻֻҪħƽצɱܵһЩѪˮҪ˶ãͻ᳹ɱһĽ
ԣײɵǰһпϲ
ҵħƽצѾɱ䣬վܹɱΪһĽ
һĺϢ
˷ܵ㵸
ħƽצ׵Ľսħƽצɱ䣬ԺĽⲫеİǷǳġ
£Ӱٻнӹħƽצһħƽצʹ˫֣˸һɺѪ⣬ɱ
ڳһʿȫͶһĨĨĽʵĿ⡣
׵ħƽצǰ벽һǹҪѷһ
龳ĸ֣ζҪһ˭룬һԪСͶռ
һһԶ

״һӣһԾ˻ƽ
ʮŲһתƷ紵һ˻ƽ
ܿ죬׾ڵǧ񣬺ƺƵسֵķӶȥ
ϡ
īĿһ뿪ʼ񣬡˸ؽɽһսڵĴúӴĿģҪ޸С
ģһ߾ȫָԭò
ǧ벻
Ȼǧ벻жֻԪʥߣɽĹȴѷɫʮµʱ䣬ȫͿԽڻָԭģ
峤
ī뿴ȺеİȱȱæӶīǰ
ϯҪŵ÷¡أɫζȫī
ǡ
ȱ
˵һսۣİһ٣ԭܼ򵥣һս츳սǳޣܹṩİǳ١
ҪȻһҲѰܹӻԼǿɽ
һĳոٰ֣ϯѡ
֮ī˿СģԷ˻ʹ
Сز
Сġ
ȽʹϢҪһ¸ķ󡣡
īԸһСزСȫͷӦ
ǰġ
īЩģССزһٻ롣
ģͽˡ
ٻ΢΢һЦ

ƵƽΪһ⣬ڸ߿һ
ԶĵطںƺƵǧӡ
壬һ¡
ʮһؿס
ǰʲô飬޷ʮǫ
ûпǸСزӦþǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣͬʱҲһε峤ɣ
ʮʵ
üͷ΢֪ʮΪҪСز飬ʱЩĻ䱸
ϾһߴΪУǺĵشߴжд̣ݷǳС
ʮ״Сز׶ʱЩ֪λش
Ŷûб˼Ҳ֪ǹĹɣķԣ㲻õһһ岻
һΪѵӣʮ̳͡
ǰΪ£üͷһ
˵һǷǳٻġȻܹܾߴʢ޷˵ߴΪС
Ȼһٵ³Ҳǧš
֮£ǹĹɾЩηηβˡ
ʮĸ̾һ䡣
ǰ˼ǡ
Щ棬ѵĹ֮Ե͵ķǱΣ
ʮ÷ص˵ͷ
ܵ׺Ŀ⣬ʮ˰֣飬պ˹Ĺɣǵͻ֪ˡ
ʲôҿԽĹɣǹĹɵнײɵ΢΢һЩԼĶ䡣
Ĺʮأ˸֪Ĺɵλá
û뵽׾Ȼл봫˵еĹĹɣҿĹɵĽ
Ҫ֪Ĺɵһ𾳸ֵĴڣ
㵱Ȼԡ
ʮһص˵ͷɹˡǲɶõ˲ţǹĹɷǳҪ㡣ţǵΪ֮ģ
ԣ׶ʱЩɶͷԡ
Ϊ׳ɹˡԣܹĹɵΪ֮
ңӻʮУƺܹܵõĹƺҪԼİ
īһˣĹɣĹɵΪ֮
񣬻ʮȻ˵ҲܹĹɵΪ֮ͷ϶ʲôء
װ˼
ˣܹ˳ϹĹһߣ˵һǳ˵顣պҲһǿĿɽ
ҡҡͷԺзӵ˼׳⡣
ԼĪµʱ䣬׳ĻƽǧӣƺƵصִڵϿա
ء
еϮ
ڵ
ûڵɱֵ֣ʹ˾ݡ
ʱָĵӣ׷׳𣬼׼Ӧս
ɱ
ҽֵĵɱ⣬һ
գҪ̤ƽ֣
һӣһȵسȺУһͷȦĶǣ֮һȷѪꡣ
Ϊʲô
ǵλǿվɱ˵ҪһٽڣΪʲôڵҰˣ
ˣʧˣ
ָĵӣһڵǧ֮ʿȫŵƨ
Ҫֽ֪һӣǰͱʨֵܴɱڣʣµĶһЩУĶʿĶ֣
սһʼͱһɱ
ӡ
ֿǺ壬ѵҪ𣿡
ϣ˭뵽ֻһոճڵ£
ֵĵӣһɥûֵܵãͷ׷ɢ


1722 
ɱҹҹʱڣֵļصˣɱȥ䣬޵
ҹ֮󣬷Բ֣ҲûһܹˣҪô齵ڣҪô֮زز
ˣֳױ
ԶһʯУһӰʯ֮У˫ѪضϿյɱ¾ö˵һ仰
ڳһڵһʱϳ˵ʵԭĴͳ조Ĺ
ʱ˿̣ĹԣվʮȫԡѪʿĹҾ֮оȳױ
ױһۺᣬҧгݵԶеˡ
û뵽Һķ˱Ѫ֣ǧ꣬Χشưһĺ壬ȴܸһԪС
Ž壬ɱλֵܣţѪҾҪʮٱس
ĹѪҧףڵĳޣѾ衣

ѾˡǸúȥδӣ
ʮױһĹ
ҪɢϢŽݹڡ壬Ǻߴһǲرǰڵġ
ϾŽĴڣúߴܵǿв
һױ
赶ɱô
Ĺһ΢΢ҡҡͷҲҪݾߣŽ壬Ҵам̳һַ壬ܹھͶ֮˺ѿռ䣬ǲ𾳽ĸǰҲδܹնɱ
˵ˣŽУҪһԲñĺ֪ĻҾҲ᲻Ǽˡ
Ĺϳ
еıʣǡ˵еһؽϻ
ױͷ̾
ߣǰǺҪɽ̤ƽڣ
Ĺ̾һŲһת;ԳԶ񱼶ȥ
ʮȫԡѪױ
ֵ뱦Ͽա
һʿڹ㳡ϣһʹͷսս߿еס
ʱڹ㳡ΧǧӣһΧȺΧֳַضŹ㳡ϵʿ
ܹһǧ˰ѡ齵ڡˣնɱˣٲˡ
׵ǰ
ɵúã
һЦ͵ӿһɿֲѹѹù㳡ϵ˴׻˵ʶʱΪܣܹͶ齵ڣ֮١
ֻҪպܹЭΪڹδһǵġ

ǰɱ֮ҵǣ
һĹΪžľ
ڹ㳡ϵĽһߵ
ãֻҪܹͨĿ飬ܹΪڵĵӣӽЧڡ
һһ˳
ʱ㳡һɧ
齵ˣûϵѱ֣ЧڻҪͨĿ顣
ֻҪ͵ҪЧڣôͲͨĿ顣

ֳԷǰļʮˣʮָ㵽ʿǰĿ顣
һԵĽˡ
ʮˣа˸δͨĿ顣
Ȼ˸ֵĵӣǱгģһʱ޷ŤתĳЧڡ
תͷѯס
΢΢ƣҡͷ
Ҷˡ
ͷӦǰͣһֵ£δͨİ˸ˣȫֵԴһʱԽѣİ׵ıŽײޱȣĿġ

ֲһĻùڹ㳡ϵĽȫ鲻Խһɧһʧŵɫ԰ס
Ҫǻ˱Ź͵뷨Ҫɻأͱûˡ
նɱ˰˸ûͨĵ֮
ÿһ֣һشŹ齵ӵţ鱬졣һЩŽʿʱͷ

ʮ˸̨ϵ̴ľϣյƷ·
ԼĪһʱ֮еĽȫĿ飬Уֻһٶʮ˸ʿδͨ飬ɱһӣ˳ͨ˿飬Ϊڵĵӡ
壬һս˳֣ɻⷽԲĴúɽңõһǿϲɺذ
ʮЦ
˻ϵԮ²һ˳Ҵ֮һᵥʱлǰ
һǫѷ


1723 岿
Ǻǣ塣˵⻰ͼˣҰ㣬Ϊл񡣶Ҫύѡ
ʮһ
˫Ź⣬ӻͳʮٱ
ܹҵһཻѣʵ̫ѵˣҪúϧǡ

֣ǵ׵ǰ
ȫѹֵĲƱܵؽϴһա
׵
ǡ
ǰһһǧױֵĸӶȥ
ѹβƱ飬ˮʮ㣬Ȼᵡ
ϣ˳ռֵĵ̣˵Ҫòźã
ΪһϤʮ̡
ʮվĿԶƬ̺ʩʩȻ̴ľϣĵҹ۲һ֣ڵĵŨطȪƣһˮأҪǾʹ˻ķˣʵڿϧ
Ϊȫһֲ
ʮ
һֲ
һͷãһھƽ׶˼Ĵúɽ
Ǻǣû㹻ķˮµáңȴӵúɽԴ
΢΢һЦҹռ֣νƴ֣ʱбԼˣ
װ
׸ոսڣδΧشվȽŸ׼ĵб
˳ռ֣ɻĲƱνƴ֣ƽ
պױطӵ׵ǰһûеѪǬ˳ݸס
Ѿѹʮ飬еĲƱŵǬУûһ˿һĿ˿ۣ鿴
һ档
ڵĴϣĹҶȻһٶʮġ
΢΢һЦʶһɨ̽еǬС
ʱײɵõһһľϲ
ǳ׷ˣ
ΪоԶĺ壬ˮǷ񣡡
еǬУ˸ֿɽƱ֮⣬и鵤ҩĵرԴʶ˶档
ϲ
ϲ
벻ٵױ׷׹
ЦŰ˰֣ˣǾʹظټгϣͬԺķչ
ģҾԲκһӡ
׵
ǡ
ǡ
ڳһױȫЦϲá
쿴һȺӶˣ
һױָԶգ
ৡ
ʱڳʿ׷ѭȥһ龯衣
ԶзӶȺԼĪǧˣһƳ죬֣Ϊ˶ÿһʿڣһεѹ
Īİ֣
üͷ΢ֹ
壬뵣ǡгͷһһʥ쾳֮⣬Ԫʥߣ֮⣬ֵһᡣ
ǹκεв
ʮĿһɨͽֵһ
ԣײɵ΢΢³һƽ˲١
˵ʱʱ죬ʱ䣬Զеǧʿ;ӶֵϿա
ͷһ׳ǵطǰŻʮ˹֣ʵմ
Ȼ׳Ǳϳ˻ʮ龳ĸ֣ܵΪʮʱðһʮ
˭룬ʮȴЦһûд׳˼
ʱ׳վԭأЩεӡ
΢΢һЦһƣʵǺηʥΪҪ˵أ
׳׵ѯʣûбֳһĲͷһЦһһʮػشѣһ֧פǧ￪Ⱥɽ֮С֮ڶΪǰ꣬˳ľڣǲǧӤ
⼸ǲһֱ׷£շ֣ǲӤǱָˡ
ԣ˷ڶҪҪһ˵
׳
Ŷ
һڼ֮ǰǧӤѪͳĺᡣ
û뵽ʱ꣬岿ˡ
Ǻ壬µλͳ龳ĸ֣ƾǣûʸʨֵܽаɣ
΢΢һЦЩ˵ĵʶ
ԣͷ׳һЦƾǲȷûʲôʸֽа塣ǣֻһ֧лвٴģֻҪԸ⣬Ϳ붯֣֡
˼ص˵ͷ
壬һ̫Ž壬ȻѪͳʮֳڣȴʮַɢķ֧
УһЩС䣬ԡǣҲһЩ䣬ʵۺ񣬲С
Ȼ˷ǰ岿䣬㲻ʲô䣬ֽа塣ǣƾѪͳеҪһ˵ġ


1724 ͻ
ֵ֪ĵӣ֮ҪĳӤҪֵĺ׼
ĳ
֮ǰ׺ɱ֣նɱٹţҾȳǧӤ飬Ŀ
ԣڳӤ飬Ƿǳ˽ġ
ʲôֵ֮ĳӤΪ˸׼
캦ɥʧԣ
ģֵƴˣȻǵӤι
һĻǧˣʱȺ鼤һá𣬺޲־һս
ʮֿϧˡѾҷ𣬱ڸˡ
ܵ˵ɧ΢΢һЦʼ
䣬еˣȫ΢΢һһ
˵ʲôѾҷˣѹǹֵսĺۼ
ֿǺ壬ȻڸˣھʲôͷΪʲôҴû˵ڣ
µ龳ĸۺȻţţ
ô˵ҲΪǱѩˣҪúøлڲǣ
ǧˣȺһ۷׷ס
ѡ
׳ǰŻʮ׹˹֣һȻ֪ǽ֣ΪԵʣ׻˵˵ĵ˾ѡ
ɥǧӤΪĿָܹҲǲĶˡ
Ҽͻ𣬴ɽӣмڵĴ£
мͻ׳ظʮ׹˫ִأһʮȡ
峤Ըʮ׹ǧӣҲ«ư׷׹ʮ׹
񡣡
ɥݣǽ֣Ҳ˳ӦλͲؿˡ
һЦ˰֡
ӦõģӦõġ
ͻһ
ȻͻһգŴȵѣǴ˷æûЯƱҪȻһϷΪл
ʮԲɵһЦ
ͻһ˼ˡ
׻˵˵ĵ˾ѣȻǶѣˡ˵ˣڽ֣նսƷǳ񣬲ȱԴƱ
΢΢һЦԾܾ
ͻɵǺεشײ
ҲǣȻܹ֣϶Ҳһ壬ȻǺ壬ɽ΢
˵ˣڽ֮ɻսƷִмǧл
õӴĲƸ̰ͼһ⣿
ǣô˵ͻģ׻ܹܵõġ
ˣһ£ƺбҪ֪ǡ
׺ȻʲôĳһΣȫ濪սȻȫʤֵɱ䣬ӵӽĽǣֵĴͳ졮Ĺȴˡ
ǼȻҪֱѩޣ԰æѰĹ䡣
׵
ֵĴͳ졮Ĺˣ
ǿϧȻĹˣ
Ĺʨֵ֮ףһ龳ĸ֣ɽȻı𣬿ҲΪ
ڳˣһʧۡ
ͻŨü塣
ͻѣ֪ɽޣǣֻҪܹæѰĹ䣬Ѿǳˡ
ţɽԸһҲܹնɱĹ׽ֵնݳ
΢΢һЦƺ͸˼ͻ˼
á
ͻ˹֣ڶɽжպʲôҪ󣬾ֻҪɽܹģһƴǡ
ȵľ仰
΢΢һЦԵҲͶõЦݡ
Ȼ£ɽ䣬ɽܵڵĶ顣
Ҹ㣬ɽǧӤûθ룿
ȻһЦĳ
ţ
˵ʲôǧӤû
ͻԵʮּڳǧӣҲһ㶵ضףö˵һ仰
ѣ㲻ڿЦɣ
ɽĳӤѾߺüˡҲ֪ЩӤѾˣΪĿ
ѵ漣
ͻǺʮֵļһضס
Ц


1725 ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ҪúøлһǵΪڼ֮ǰɱ֣ŵʱɾȳǧӤЩӤȫںϽڲ۴ޡ
ǵһʱնɱѺӤĳӤȫ
಻סˣͷ˵
䣬ȫһļž
ɽˣһ˼صɴ˫ԼĶ䡣
ɽʧ˺üӤȻö˶˵ػţ
ң˾ڵ
ţǲ۰ĳӤȻӹһ٣
£ڵɽĹˣһҪúøлУ
ڵĻǵӤֻ·һˣ
ɽˣȫʧһɫϲȺӵһֱöƽ
л·ƽνɽǧӤ£û
ͻ̤ǰʮǰϯض򣬿ʼߵ
żͻľٶײɵӿЦҡͷ

ʮЩƣæߴ١
ˣӦġɽĶ飬ҵļߵȻ顣
ͻأԹڵأ
ԶˣһͻľٶҲ׷ֹͣףǵ˻ʮǰҪϯض
ʮһңҪƲסˣվһͻ˭ҾڵˣֱǺ֣ҪлӤĶˣҲҪҶ˰ɣ
䣬ͻɵ΢΢һ
ڳǧӣҲЩɶͷԡ
ڵѵǻʮ
ϾڳУҲֻлʮΪߣ龳ĸ֣УֻʣǸʥ
ǣĴŴһ֪ڵĳϣ
ǰڵǣ
ͻһľګسѯʡ
ʮЦҡͷԶ߽ǰ˵ţָһ¶̴ľһϸõס
ʲô
һȻڵ
ôܣλѷֻԪΪһʥߣΪܹڵ
ڿǽֵĺ壬ô˵Ҳһλ龳ĸ֣ôһԪС
ԪСɽ䣬ҲֻܹγһְȻڵš
ɽһˣһ˼ؿס
˵ɣЦԹԵƷűе裬׼Ӧ
۲ʶ̩ɽǵȻֻԪ磬ȴǵϳ̨ھŲ㣬ڵھŲ̨һʶӵ֮ӣ
˵Щ͡
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ
ʲôλѣĪǾǴ˵еŽ壿
ţ˵Ԫͻǫ́ϿɵĴȻͳǵǰ
ŽԪ磬ͻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӣ׳٣νǰ޹˺ߡû뵽̶̵ļʮ䣬컯ɾһµţҽ˺š֡Ǻþ˵ֱʣУ
ɽˣ΢΢һ֮󣬶ʱľһĿ¶ضףһզп
Ȼûϵ̴ľƷ꣬ȻǼʮǰĺĴŽ塱
컯ɾÿһʿ˵ܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӵһĴڡ
ܹۿĴеǳü뿺ܡ
Ǵ˵еŽ壿
ͻǺ΢棬Ʈ۲ʶ̩ɽǰЦˣǰ˲С˹ԭ£
ͻԽݣƺΪǰ
Ҫ֪磬ֻ֣ͨΪĸߵΣֳһ𱰡
ʥͻ𡱣ƺΪǰ֤ͻ׵𾴡
ǺǣóƺΪǰԵ÷ǳ衣
΢΢һЦЦкͰҪǿңͳƺΪˡ
ң򲻸ҡͻԴҡεþͺһ˹һ
һ٣ͻЩɵ̧ͷһϣؿףѯʵǰǧӤںδ
΢΢һЦǷģɽǧӤڵĴӪõĹƽڵĴϡһûͷԣĺӡ


1726 
̫ˣû뵽ɽӤʧ˼֮󣬷ǵûңңõڵĹʥרǡ
ͻʮּ
ɽһˣҲüЦЦס
ҲһЩˣȺ۷׷ס
˵ǲҪɽĺӾΪУҪȻΪҪķԴǵĺӣǲרѵ
ĺͯĺӡŽ彫֮ͯϤȻ׼ǵĺͯڵѪҺδҪΪЧģ
ȻŽҪǵĺͯΪУôҪŽҪǵĺͯ¾Щˣ
ɽ壬֪׷ǳĺͯǺķԴǲѵʱеѹײ׷ߺͯ
ʶ񣬺ܿ˵ĵۣʱһЦƵؽ͵ͻǷģȻҷǳɽĺͯҲҪǸɲţδΪЧ
ǣȻļˣһԸǻصĻġ
ϾʲôȲϼů
Ե÷ǳͨŵҪϤ˺üĺͯͻɽ塣
ʵǧ庢ͯʱ򣬾ôһ졣
ʵϣڼ֮ǰĴ̽ͯҪԭһֱѶˣҲʱǵĺӻص˵Ļˡ
һϿҵ
лǰĴ£ɽû
Ҵɽ䣬ͷˣ
ͻһĴ󺺣ʱжӯһϯض򣬹ظ׿ͷлͷײʯשϣֱ졣
ͬʱǧɽˣҲ¹򣬳ĳظ׿ͷл
գҪˡҪȻԵˡ
ͻֳϯضǧ˺һ
ˣɽĴţʱΪ㳨ʲôʱһһӭ
ʲôָʾֻҪɽܹõģϵɽ»𺣣Ҳ岻ݴǡ
ͻһ֣ص
˵ĺá
һЦȻˣɽ䣬ӽͽΪˣΪһϵƣиͬ
иͬͬ
иͬ
ɽˣ׷ۻһЦݲá
ɽ˵ܹĺŽΪˣһĺ£ƽʱͽᶼأû뵽׾ȻҪɽΪˣɽˣһΪ
ߣȻشӪ
ͻطǳʧɢĺͯҲȥա
״һӣһεϯ㳡ϯضĽȫ֡
ոչ齵һܵϯµкηһԹԵرε׵ı챦ڲ
鷳ˡ
ͻ׵֣жѡ
Զܿͽڵǧʿϣʱ׼̡
״һӣһɰѪɫĻƽƾճ˵ǰ
𣬺𡭡
ǧɵѪɫһ֣Ұ𵴡
ʱɽˣһ״ʧ
׺һ󰲸˲һ㵵ؽ˴˵еġѪɫ׻սŵʵ
һʱ䣬ɽˣһ۷׷ף̾׵Ĵֱʡ
ϣ롣
Цʮ
ʮŲһתƷ紵һƮ˻ƽı֮ϣա
ͻҲա
һԾ˻ƽżͻ֡
ң
ͻһԴҡεĺƲ˹һ˵ʲôҲԸϻƽҾͲϳˣô˵еѪɫһоﲻ̤ʵ
ĵعȰ˼䣬ͻȻʮִֹһսǵһ˵ʲôҲϴٹĽһ
֮£Ҳǿ󣬴һӣƽ𣬾ԳڵĴӪϯȥ

һӣǧʿƺƵظں󷽡
ɽڼͻĴ֮£˶󷽣ҳ嵽ǰ档
壬Ϊ˴۵£ɽ䣿֪ɽڣõļֵ󡣡
ʮһ裬תͷЦס
΢΢һЦһܱȶһҪõöࡣ˵ˣɽֻһֻ֧Ҫɽһߣδ˵õ
ʮɵðͷЩ׵ؽԼͬ˵ĳԶĿ⡣


1727 Ůһ̨Ϸ
ڵĻʹڲװûֺŵ£ͭ¯ð̴㣬䣬ľƽͣˬ
Ȼʱ˿̵ĴڲȴЩŵ˼
СزһǧˣڲθռˣⲻСλ
СñݽҧȴҲ޿κΣֻһӣӱڲٻһԧţϯض泯ŵķⲻȥСزһˣ׻˵۲ΪıӾӡ
СеĵأԽ˫ʼ
ˣϲ衣
СزһСĲԼƣʱЩĸȤǿƵСز׼ʹ˷ŹСģһ˫ں鶯ӵһתʱ뵽һƲߡ
䣬ܿŮһ˱ǵ裬뱦ʼÿһĿ赹ˮ
һַǧ⡣
ֱŵģελСزһˣʱü΢ͷذ˰֡
ǡ
Ů¶ίСزָյҪελ赹ˮʱ򣬶ʱеЩΪѡ
ελã޶ˣĻ׵Ůݷǳ⣬ƽֻһˣñʹ
˵ˣελ峤ϰȱĸαû˸ҵ
СزŮελ赹ˮȷʵЩǿѡ
ôελ赹ˮ𣿡
СزһƣһɾƯĻȣҪǲеĻҾֻȥˡʱͲԺˡ
ǰԵƬ̣ҡȥ֪ͨελã
ŮһСزƣﻹҵϵصͷӦ
ܿ죬ŮʹҴææطɱ⣬ʧ١
ϷҪˡСزŮҴȥıӰɵζһЦ
ʱһֻʰ쵵֩룬Ӱ֮˳Сز̴ľ£ĥСزĽס
Сز͸ڵ嶾룬˿ͨͬʱҲСزڵߡ
ԡ
СزĦһ嶾룬Ȼһƺ뵽ʲô嶾³һīɫĶңңָֻ״Сڲ嶾ı붾
СزϢؽ֮У΢Ц
ʱһһĹȥһӵʱ䣬ελãʹҴææر˱Уÿһ˵УһһСز񣬶Щĵɵ
ڣСز֮ϵν·˽֪ελͬһ
ǡ
ελãҲʡ͵ĵƣȻֻ׵ѾߣδҪ֦ͷˣΪýȢҵġ
Сز֮䣬ϵǳš
ײڣСزָյػ赹ˮȻ⡣
ε㣡
¼㣡
λ㣡
ελãһ͹Сزǰ΢һǷһ
ߣΪʲôôǲǾԼó裬׳谮ңֻһˣʸ赹ˮ
Сزüһѵģ
ңҡ
ԣελŵɪɪڵĹһõѣܸ赹ˮõĸֲŶԣ
˵ţελ¾ͿʼС裬µСز
ǺǣǶ¡
Сزһελŵ̬еʮ⡣ͬʱźۼ͵һ۲ԶСġ
ȻС˵ελ谮Ľʱ򣬰಻סеĺ棬΢΢ͷһελá
ελøòɣʳʱ򣬲ɵļһۣǱؿһһ
Ľ壬ԭһĴܲ
Сҧ촽зǳζ
ελãڸСز˲ˮ֮һһظһ赹ˮЦ񵭣ֽûһ˿һĲͷ
ĩˣСزָӣߴٵȥСҲһ裬˼ҺôҲǿˣȻԣҲܵ˲ǣ
СĽһСǵͨ졣
Сز仰ʲô˼
ʲôԣ
СزĻƺڽѵελãȻڷСƽӹ
Сز˿峤ǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӲᲢۣ
ǿ벻̣
׻˵Ůһ̨ϷŮһʱٲ˹ĶǵĺϷ
οССزкøУйϵ
ټελĲĽãǳ΢
õġ
ελͣЪظһǧ赹ˮ۵ֱˣû뵽СزȻֺʹǣελøеǳ
ȻǳζǣҲֻš
ϾСز׹ϵУһֿѣټСزĹؼʱǰԮͿ๦ߣۣСزĿеĵλҲˮǴߡ
ʱελãҪǲСĵСز϶ûʲôùӳԡ


1728 Ϊ
׻˵Եÿп࣬Ϊˡ
ελãҪ֦ͷˣҪϵͣȴɻڴһ̵
ڴ֮ǰнĬĬأлصƿ
߱ǿͣǾԴκһ˵ġ
һЦֲֳСظСһ裬سСȥ
㣬Ȳ衣𺰵
С泯Ŷûд¡أԽ˫˵š
СΪҹ㣬еģµдԲ޶ãԡ
ǣС˵ελ׵ŮδҪΪýȢҵʱСĵͷǳζ
һĸо˵ȴһѼĵһĸоͷþòɢ
£Сܹ侲ѾǳˣָܹЦӭ
ಣ
Ȼ¿ҪߵСǰʱһ͸˿СزϯϢذһµĽţ⧲һģеĲˮʱһ˱ԼСġ
ѽҪʲôΪҪˮҵϣ
СıڵĲˮһͷʱñ𣬷ĿԲŭض¡
ҡҲǹġ
¶ʱٿĪ磬СǺ죬ҸղҲ֪ôˣͻȻһ£˵ţæͳһɴϵظСزϵĲա
Сıõȫʪ͸½ɢңæҵһãԽҲСһƿ¡
ԶСزֱЦһˣҲСزĴ·һ̶ıЦ
Сıݽҧоǳʱŭض£һϯѹȵ˫ȷҪڵء
ʱֳնʱý
ᣬһᣡ
²ģԭ£
ελãһ´˴³ԿǰµһЦͣµǸ
СظͣελõĵǸȫᡣ
ΪĹɵǧС㣬Сĺ˶
˵һȲ費˵˿ЦֱҪһطȥ
侲ҪȻСزĹˡ
ʱһСĵԺУȻλ
ţ
С΢΢һü΢
֪СزкøУΪŮԵʣͿãԴǣһΣ³ײ˽㣬СزµȦףĿģҪ֮ìܣӶĿеӡһСزܹѴ֮شѹá
λԼķ֪Сģͬʱһתþ͵ʵΪŮˣҲóкøУ㲻ҪϣΪдϡ
˵˭˵ҶԽкøˡ
СһС΢죬ؿС¹һײ
ŴʼλƶϡƬ̺󣬺Ȼ̧ͷ˼Ƴһ۲ԶƷ迴ϷСزλңôоСزҵڳ󣿡
ҪȻҲ˲Сĵؽˮҵϣǿ϶ͬı
˵ǲСزָʹôɵģ
СԴǣʼá
λεõһ𣬽Ƭֻ̺һãȻЩɶͷԵû㰡㣬һᡭ
ίᶼҪˡ
λεҲԹȰСģСĵԭ¡
λĲСزڽ赶ɱˣ
ҪȻƾµĵԲô
ѹСزôģ¸赹ˮԭҪһȲ裬ҳ󣡡
С˼ܣ˺׼һ۾Ϳ²ڼװԣͽελСزֵĿԸųˣֱӽеìͷ׼Сز
ԣСزĵСزˡ
£Сɫ˲ת磬¶һĨõЦݣñţѾԭˡ
˵ţһһԪ𵴶ϵĲˮʱɢ١΢ḧСɢʮˡ
ʲôԭˣ
һضСģٲȻûϵСĵ̬Ȼôһһٰʮȴת䡣
ελҲһؿСġ
Сص˵ͷ
СúСز֮Ҫһ־磬С·ìܣĿĺܼ򵥣һ뿴СĵڳС֪СزԵ³һĿģҲΪҪһĿģС·ìܣԽԽãԽֵòʰԽСز⡣
Ϊһ׻֮󣬶СελõΪеʧӡȻҲ󽵵͡
һСزѴܹ֮ѹСελáӶ͹ԼĿеĵλ
СΪµһʧ󣬶ģֵ޷ʰôСز»
ԣС³һǿѹеŭ𣬻һЦԭԼڳ¡
һǵûмԼελõĹϵң˫֮ľ롣
ͬʱҲελСزĺףСελСزƱؽһˮɵ顣
ԲСزҪĽ֡


1729 Ѳ
ã
˷ܵǣСĵֱ֣ɰĺӡ
λεɵӶЦЦضСġ
ǺǣҿɲһЩСǼŮһΪһС¾͹ڻ뷽跨ƺˡ
ãƾһ㣬Ҿûٲġ
СĽС֣ЦǺǵ
ԶСزɫһ䣬΢΢
Сˣ˲˵ȻĨǵЫĳдСزֱ£ۿżƻõ־磬Сĸˣʮֲġ
СزʣԼһ޶Ļˡ֮ҪελСز֮ĹϵΪģֻΪ˵õɵġ
˵һŮˣƽʱôϻۣôܸɣô￪ʣһ׹̾ͻ㣬˽Į
Сز
һȽ׵ľʽݣСزĻҪֻСزװ
£ôôСİ˼ҿͷһεŰݷãһͰѿóһɺͳ
Сز̴ľվߵµǰѵ⡣
׵ʹȻ޾ίʱ˿Ҳһڡ
ελȫؿСزͬҳԶײ
Сģû°գ
СزѵһͨתͷС΢΢һЦ
޷
СζһЦǣµС֣ʶλεãҷǳˣò˵۹ǲӸˮ齿ۡ
˵ţתͷһֱĵĿ⣬´һȫѪСزƲƲ졣
СزոսսȫŢմȾѪˮࡣһ㣬СĵʱΪСزߡ
СĹελˮ齿ۣԴȫŢСزĺ۹⡣
ǺǣСġ׻˵ʶ֮ǰһСᣬҲûȥϣҲûȥ
СزһѴεжһЦеСģƺȻЩɣԸ㵹һ裬Ǹˡ
˵ţСزһ໨ɱСһ裬ݵСĵǰ
Сزһٶڳһ˵ȣȫһһùŹֵСز
ελҲǼ˹һɴˮ˫СزʶСزһ
Сز̬ת䣬δҲ̫˰ɣ
˿峤ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣε赹ˮ²ʰɣ
СЦһ顣
˵һѣǹĹɼʱԮĻھҪˡȻΪ˿峤ʵʵ˵ǹĹһ廹Զ
ҶӦ÷ŵ̬㾴һ衣
СزԵ÷ǳǫѷ̫СģԼ
С΢΢һЩӡ
һӲ˸ӲģʮٱԷҪǸģҲ
֮ǰСز̬ǿӲСĴǽɻʥ黹С˿Ϊ
񣬿Сزŵ̬ͽ⣬СȴЩҡˡ
СģѾ㵹˲ˮҪǸһ棬ͺⱭ裬ӽǺƽദòã
СĳСز΢΢һЦ˫Ų豭СصݵСĵǰ
Сķǳ⣬ǰһСزڴĿУһ²豭Ȼɿ֣õЩˡ
ˣ
Сزһ㶣Цգû£Ҫϲ²裬Ҿ͸㽵¡˵ţһ꣬һϯŲ豭˲佫豭е˴롣
СزЦٶȽ豭ݵСĵǰ
Сĵǣ˵עĿ֮£ٶһ²豭΢΢ҡͷУеˡ

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ÿһˣѾˡСģڹڼӣСز
СزΪ˿峤ǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣŵ̬СͺãȻ⵽˰ٰѡ
һˣһ޵Сĵ񼸺Ҫ޲ǰȥСĸ˺
𣿡
СزϢһϣµСʱһһϣܿ죬СزǿѹͷŭŬǡ
ٸһ£ԵƬ̡
Сزٶȴ߶еĲˮһ¡
ĩˣٶ˫Ų豭صݵСĵǰڴĿⶢСġ
¶С
СһûٵСزСزнӹ˱ӣһڣЦСزȻҪͽ⣬Ҳ͸һӣ㶷֮䣬Ҳͽ˶ѣҪ㽻ѣ


1730 ɫת
СĹΪĹɵǧС㣬ĴָΪ˴·棬Բ£ǰԼ
úθڵˣͳΪѣòϿζˣǶԷƤСҲԸһۡ
ʣСزڲϿζһˡ
ελãһЦСģССزǰֺģĵĽгһգҲܹСһ㹻ʱСزԡ
ǺǣģԶΪѵġ
Сزûһ˿һƺԵΪˣһҡͷɵ֡
СزľٶСɫһĿ⸴ӵؿСزƺЩ²͸Сزġ
ΪҲܹʱˡ
Сزƣػص̴ľϣĿ⿴Сġ
ʲô
ֻܹʱ䣿
СĶٸв죬γԣ
Сز˫¶һĨ޿ֵضСĵոպȵУ˶ǰٶı붾֮ڣûҵҩͻᵤ飬ȫö

䣬ȫһ
ελһľ״ȻĿ⿴Сز
ԭСز֮ǰŵ̬Сľ裬ڷ곡ϷĿģ¶ҪСģ
ʲô˶֮ڣ޷ͻȫö
СŵɫҰףһеĲ豭ˤ÷飬ֻžһˮһأһīɫݲϵð˳һʱ䣬ͱʴһڴСĿ
СĿͫ׽ȫ䡣
СزδЩ̫ˡΪһ㼦ëƤС£Ҫɱ֣أ
СıݽҧŭضСز
λεãûɵȫûСز˺ĻС³ελõʵдա
ֻһЩëƤС𣿡
СزҡͷһЦĿζɵӶóԽкøУҪǲһɫƣҪĿŵҵˣ
ʱ˿̣СزȻȻͱԼ֮һ㴰ֽ˵棬ƺΪԼɡ
СزЫĳŮˣͲ±巢ʵĿ𣿡
ţһһսթıС֮һаġŮˣ䲻Ͻ壡
СϥʼнⶾһСĵĶͷ˴Ŵŵ亹ɫò԰ֽ
ȻСƾԼҪⶾǲܵ顣ңٶı붾ҪСеصöࡣ
֮£Сֻ˫ŭСز
˵һЫĳŮˣ
СزҡͷһЦȻƲϹ䣬Ҳ㲻ʲôˣǣκһ飬ԵأԵԼģԲʲô޶ı֮ͽ
Сز̴ľɫ࣬СĲתȦĵ㲻һǹĹɵǧС㣬ŹĹɽǵңһ˳谮ǧС㣬ַſڣȨùĶǣǸŮ
ڲһˣһ峤縺һʹδҪߴΪУҾõҲˣ
еһУûܹңҪԼȡԣеʱұҪֶΣ˽һЩ
Сزһ棬СĵǰȻ߬Сĵ֣ͣСģҪң֮Ը¶ҪӺ㣬ֻҪ뿪壬Ҫɡ
ֻҪӦңӽԶҪ̾͸ҩԲӺ㣡
Сز
ǺǣΪ뿪壬͸¶
СĸеЦҪǲӦ㣬ǲǾҪңСֱضСزСزͷĬ
СЦӣƺûѡˣ
Сģ֪ôЩӣǰ˽ġϣܹңΪһŮ˵𣿡
СزһϣضСģӯӯ
С޶ԡ
СزЩģȰ˵Сģոսûã鲻ֻЩøаˣžڷ֣뿪壬˺Ҳ󡣡
մӹĹɳãδҼţŮ϶ܹҵõ˵ģ
Сزһ˫ˮӣ⣬̬Եøı΢
һĻڳһ˵ȿĸв졣
ûϵհѱСزȻ˵ĵСģǼ򵥴ֱҪЮ
෴о綾þͻɥСģȴһ߸ϵģһɥҲЭļơ
Ů鳤ʱһܹø߸ϵŮͷҲܹüĻҹ߰°͡


1731 ǧ͹
ò˵СزĹķʽǳӲʩСĲòЭ
ȻСǸǿƢСزĲֶΣСĵĶ־
Сز㻹һ֮𣬾ȻҪ˲ֶάϵԼĸ飬ǿɺޣ
СЦһҡͷԵҲ̫˽⣬һǳִŮԽҪЮңҾԽҪ
ҶԽֻеøжѡڣȴǶһҪһչˡ
СͷСز˫ƵһƣҪڸϺݺݵػ㣬㳢ʹΪҶеڣ
ʲô
ҪڸϽһܣӶң
Сزһ㶣ЦһĿⶢСģˣѾ˰ٶı붾ûҵİҲܹ죡ҪǲӦңԹԵ·Զô֮󣬾ɥȪӡҵҪ֮㻹ôɣôڸϴң
СزƿСĵԵõʮ㡣
㲻ɱҵġ
Сһ޿֣Ϊң
Сزһһʱ䱴ݽҧɫ
֮˵㲻ң˵ұĹĹɣ㺦ɱ֮޷彻
ҪĽɱˣţϿ϶Ϊұѩޣ壬ҲῴĿ㳹ʧаŮ鳤
С޿ֵ
С˼磬һжϳСزֻŻԼԼ֪ѶˣҪʹɱ֡
㣬㡭Сزߣʱֱ£촽ãأ˵һ仰
Сģϣеϵһһŭ֮һֻ֮Դеķˡ
ʱ򣬾ǽΪ飬ҲˡңһʱҲز
СزأԲɿڣ﹥
СĻ˫泯ŵķϥٴСز
СزһСĵľٶһţתص̴ľϣСǺ졣
ţҵİ취ûáСزڲİٻ룬ǵûʹСЭұһСˡ
ڲٻ밧̾һû뵽潭СѲˣˣҵҪСܹż죬˵һͱסЭˡ
Ը˰աСز΢΢̾Ϣ
ԭСزֶεգǰٻڰָʹģĿķǳ򵥣Ҫ취Сףֶһ֪
ʱһһţо綾СģоԽԽɫ԰ֽͣصСȻݽҧûһ˿һЭ˼
ת֮䣬͹ȥʱ䡣
һգԶʣһǧӰӶͷһˣԣĸˣһʥ֡
СڳһڵһʱϳͷݣˣСĵʦ֣Ĺɵ콾ܡ
ǰǰ治Զˣ
һ³۵ˣظҾ
ã֪ˡ
ɣԶһʱ鼤ǸŽ壬Ȼ⽫Ҹ˦ȻǲԸҵˡûңĻŽ壬ܹҵСʦõദˣǸ
ܵ˺ܲҵҪƣŽܹ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ܷԶؿһƬһƬɽǿֲսۼɵǰһϲЦտں˵Ϯ֪ΣҪŽ岻սˣǾͽԴϲˡ
˵ţһӣӿ˷еٶȡ
ֵһǣܵ󣬸ǧʿһͳһʽװͷϷƯһոµĹײġ
ʦ֣ڰ·˳·һǧʿ˴ǧ׹ײ͸ڣ֪Ž忴ˣθ룿
ѾȲҪŽıˡ
ܴͬװʿЦζظܵԡ
ܵͷһЦ˷ܵش˴֡
վס
ߺˣ
˵ʱʱ죬һǧ˸ողڵϿʱһƽըװıõضɽҡ
ͬʱһƬɭ֮УɳǧʿͷˣһǿߣһཱུСС
ڵǧ벻λĳϡ
߹ؾڵĵӰɣ
ɣǧʿܿǧ벻еǰ΢΢۽ǵǧ벻С
ʵϣܰ·ϽǧʿΪǳͣ޷ڵʿᲢۡ
ǣͷܣʥĸ֣ǹĹɵĽţǳɹתϫţϣѹסԪǧ벻С


1732 ײɷ
ܳƺԼΪ߹ǧ벻еɫʱ
߲ƣ
ǵȷڵĵӣе߹
һͻ֪ǵˣ
ǧ벻ЦһһӣĵӾʹ˾ݡ
أء
ܿ죬̼ٵľ쳹
ڵĵӣ׷׳𣬳һڵķλϯȥ
ȫ޷ī룬Ҳ̧ͷԶʣһԻΪһ̣ܵķϯȥ
һʱ䣬ڵǧʿͼһһ˵ǰ
ʹڲ
Сزէһɵɫ䣬͵ش̴ľس嵽⣬ݷĵط
ҵʦˣ
С΢΢ſ˫һԼʦܣʱǰһ
Ǻǣԭʦôԭһᡣ
Сزһ»صλϣŶȣЦأŵСģСģѵɥҲԸЭ𣿡
СıһһôСز
Сز޿κεҡҡͷ
˰ٶı붾ԽԽѰĴ̹ǵʹġСѾ죬ѾЩΪ̣ӽӼ尾
Сز㵵ǣСƺȫûһҪЭ˼
ԶУ˫ٿնš
ǰǧʿɵһЦһΪǶôһԭµӶһЩֵһ߹
ܵʶǧڵӵһɨȫûз
ڵľɲڣˣҲֲ
ǧһơ
ಣ
ٿأīӰƾջûΣܵǰ
䡭
īһΣһɿ񱩵ƾϯƾսܵƸѹһͷ
ʲô
Ȼһ龳ĸ֣
⧲֮£񱩵Ƹ󳷣ͷ৶䡣
СӣҰ
īƲӥһ˶£һѽܵĲӸסһСһ
ܶʱϢ٣оԼĲӼҪֶˣæģᣬһᡣ
ǰڹĹɵĵӣǵˡ
ܴ
ǹĹɵˣī΢΢һϵľʱ˲٣Сʲôϵ
ī뿴ܵĴţʮʿĴŴ磬Сķǳƺһŵĵӡ
СҵʦãҹĹɵĳϡ
ܻæ
Ǵˮһ˲һˡ
īһæɿܲӵ֣εЦЦǸǸҲ֪ǹĹɵĵӣһͶˣܾˡ
ܸɿ˼ɫϣҪѿжѿ
ϣϡô£ΪʲôСѵݣͺҳݣ
īһŭתͷѵǧ벻С
ղ˳Բѷһ߹ԡг͡
סڣ
īһСѵǸ
ǧ벻һۣȫЩ鲻Ըī£ǲΥǰһ̲ع˹֣Ǹ
ϻ˵ҵʦõģأ
ܲͷذ˰֣һӵŭ
ܵľΪͬʿûмĶ֡
˭룬ܺɲɵһλ龳ĸ֣ƺƢ̫ãһ͸һ
Ȼ츳׿һ֮ӣ龳ĸ֣ǲʮǧһεĴڡ
ΨһܹõóֵģǾתϫռһնɱһ龳֡
īһסܵĲӣһСһʩչĻᡣ
Сڻʹȥīһ
ǧͷӦһһȵسŻʹķӶȥ
ǧӣظ󣬾ԳŻʹķӶȥ
ȵԶ֮ī΢΢˫ѯԵĲУϣ֪λСѴĶЩʲôˣΪʲôÿһ˵ͷһ׹ײģĪʬڵĵӣ
һãȻҡҡͷ
ˣǼ
ī˰֣ڸ߿еǧӣ׷ɢԻصԼĲ䣬ʼæΪսϱڲлš
ʹڴСһܴǧӽ㳡֧վпſڵλãس֣ʦ֣


1733 ʦ
һСкԼʱϲЦտæǵسСġ
ʦãɫôô
ܷСĲ԰ֽɫ󣬲ɵһĻ̼Ľ壬Ȼʦôصˣôѵ
˵ţʹ׵֣Ҫˡ
ʦ֣ؽ顣˰ٶı붾Сĳ͡
ʲô˰ٶı붾
Ȼһʵٶʲô
Ȼʶٶ룬ڰٶı붾Ҳ˽⡣
СĿЦһ˰ٶı붾ֻܹʱ䡣Ѿȥʱ䣬죬Ҿͻᵤ飬ȫö
䣬ʮĹɵĵӣȫһһ̼ؿСġ
ʦãѵûа취ⶾ𣿡߬ȭͷͷ৶䡣
Сתͷ̴ľϵСزĵŮ˸˶Ҳֻӵнҩ
ܵתͷɱڵض̴ľϵСزŭȵˣȻҸҵʦ¶Ͳҽιǣң
˵ţһɾ˵ѹϯ£ѹסСز
СزЦһܵɨһȦҡͷЦƾ㣿»գ
䣬һɼΪֲϯ죬ֱӽܸú˺ü
ǲײĲˡվȽŸоЩһǰҪСز֡
վס
СزһܣһçҪǽɱˣʦԶҲòҩֻܹԴˣ
ܽŲһ٣ͣɫ˼ǿŷŭ㾿Ҫ
СزСĵİѱܡ
ģҲ˺ʦáֻʦһѵˣӽ󣬲Ҫپҵɡ
ֻҪԸѪģӽ󣬶Ҫ̾ͻⶾ
СزһЦ
ʲôŽɣ
ֻҪҵʦһѵӽҪپ壿
ܲɵ΢΢һһؿСزȻûϵСزȻ׵Ůˡ
ʱܵĿЩСز͹µתƬ̣ŲջĿ⡣
ߣŽиȻܹ˼Ϊġ
ԹԵһȻһתˣҪһ仰ҵʦСģûоŽ塣
ʵϣŽһֱƤزҵʦãһ㣬ҿ֤
Դǵ
ǺǣȻСĶԽû˼ǾҲûʲôΪҪأ
СزЦһĿ⿴ܡ
Ů˵ĵһǳ׼
СزһܿСĵĿ⣬̶϶ܶС˼
СĶʦֲð
⡭
һ㶣һʱЩԶԡ
Сزúܶԡ
СĶûиоôĴӽԶʲô¡
ǣСԸ붾ʴҲԸЭ˵СĺпǶиоġ
ʦã㡭
תͷһĽ㲻ĶԽǸСиоɣʲôãȵң
СƫͷȥȥܵĿ⣬ʦ֣ҵ˽£ͲҪˡҪңͰҳúýѵһСز
ǡЩҪ׷ʣСİƴСʱü΢
֮£ܶʱ̾һ޿κεǰһֱСزǽСزҿǹĹɵĽţԲҵĶ֣ʶ㣬ԹԽҩĻΪʦãһŮ֮֡
ǺǣһΪǺηʥԭֻһС󡣾ƾҲͼսʤңһЦ
СزЦһúЦܡ
㡭
ֱܱ£ùĹɵĽţȻ˸ˣ
ܵܵǿҵĴ
ǺǣҼ峤ϵھŲ̨ףڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣһܹ֮Ƶģ
СزԵһˣЦ
ţ
ǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣڵھŲ̨һʶӣ
ɫ䣬ʮĹɵĵӣҲ̾
ûϵ֮֮⣬Ȼּ˵ڶǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡ
Ҫ֪ޱ޼ʵ컯ɾܹڵھŲ̨һʶӵ֮ӣҲȾŸ˰ˡ
񣬾Ȼͬһط֮ӡ


1734 
ǺǣҹĹֻǵԸȨưˣҪȻĻҹĹɵĵӣвܹǫ́ϿɣΪĽĴڣ
СزȻڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣҾ͸ҪսˡҲ֪ϣĸ֣
ڶݵ֮󣬶ʱЦǵûһ˿һ⣬ңСز̺սóҡ
ӣǲײĲˡ
СزһվܵĮһЦھͿԴӦ㣬ֻҪܹսʤң̾ͽҩ˫ַϡ
ǡ
Сزһ٣תͷԶСģҪӮ㣬ҪСķԶҪΣ
ǰһЦеؿСģСĵ
Сĳ˿ܣֿһСزЩ׼
СͬʦֵܣСĶܵʵνһ֪ܵͬʿУܹ俹⡣
ǡ
һҪԵĶ֣ͬʥСزңСزǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡ
ܹǫ́ϿɣǾʵͬʿУܹСزƥеĴڣԲ˫֮
ܾܷսʤСزСĸоûаա
ԣѯĿ⿴СĵʱСԥˡ
ΪһˣôСľͱ뷢Զ֣СǾԲԸ⿴ġ
ʦã㻹ԥʲôģһܹСزģ
СĳþòܶʱЩͣͣسȰ˵
ʦ֣ǹĹɵĽţҲһӢһҲϣΪҶðա
ǸҲСز顣
СԥƬ̣
ܶͷֱš
ʦãѵĶ˼𣿡˫ֽץСĵļƺҪСĽӸΪʲôңһܹսʤСزģ
ʦ֣ҡ
СʹͷҡͷҲ˵ҶԽ徿ʲôо֪Ҳʹ˽еͶСز
ܸҧɫǵͨ죬ʦã侲һ㡣Խûʲô飬ֻڸСزˡ
˰ٶı붾Ҳܹʱ䣬Ѿȥ죬죬ˣ
ܴ󺰴С
СɫƽȻչһЦҡҡͷҾҲ˵ţƵĿ⿴Сز
СزһСĵ񣬱ʮָӡ
ʣСܹɹĻôһΪСزС
ңһǳǿС
ιʦúͲ㰡
СزЦһܣ㻹Ҫս𣿡
ܸоǳ׵ļȻ衣СزƣǰһЦʦ÷ǵĸܹģ
ȻҸҵʦ¶ζҪѵһ㣡
ܽȭͷֱ죬Ӧս
Сز˵ͷȻһһīɫĵ˳ܣǽҩʦ÷¡
΢΢һеīɫ裬һʱЩӦ
СزȻʹؽ˽ҩ
ѵܣ
ڳһʿҲеǳ֡
ⵤ裬ǽҩ𣿡
еĵ裬һɵؿСز
˵ˣҲ˺ʦãֻһѵˡȻһ˼ҪɣôҾֻ÷㵽ˡ
СزЦһ
˼ŵߵСĵǰʦã콫¡
СĿһеĵ裬ĮһЦ̧ͷԶСز΢΢ƣΪľٶڵġΪӽһжд̣
˵ţСһѴܵж裬˸С
īɫĵһڣһϢֱӿ飬ԭȫ飬ǧֻϿҧĸо̼ɢ
СüҪ
ʦã㲻Ҫ£鲻ǶϷҪΪ˶ȥһϲ˶顣
ǵûһ壬ң˺Щõˡ
һӣоԼ࣬һѷĵ档
ʦ֣лѣڵңκʱ侲
С̷˵֮ɫܿͻָ˺˵Ҳʮ㡣
СزһҡͷЦСزͳҩݸܣϣֺܹСģӶСĴճһԡ
СĶܸûио
һСƱؽΪСزһǿУ


1735 ü
׻˵ʶʱΪܣСزһˡ
ҪûܹԹԵؽҩͳôһ飬Ὣݺݽѵһ
мѹһŭ޴йתͷСزһЦ֮вζ
ţ
׳գĪΪҸҩ㲻ɣ
СزζһЦñĵܡ
ʼ򣬻Ӧѵ𣿡
һЦ
Сزһȵؿʹҳһڵġ
㵽ס
չһЦǵ
ͬʱһǧˣԼĹɵʮӣҲ߳ʹ㳡ϣ׼һս
ʦ֣֧㣡
СĻһ·ȭܼ͹ľ
ģһúΪġܸСһĵЦݡ
ಣ
Сزವһһɿֲѹϯ£޾Ԫϯ糱
ܲʾһ˳׼ʩչתϫ
ס֡
ȻһӰȻһϮ۵ī룬֮䣬㳡ϿգضܣǳǶڵĿˣιҪ֣
Сز΢΢һЦֽ͵īϣֻд轻ˣǶġ
ûīϣֻдԣͲҪˡ
ЩõƳһī롣
īڲ֮ǰܵڳȻûʲôɫ
Ŷԭд裬龪һīԷµ˵һԣ׼ս
峤ʤ
峤ʤ
һˣһȭͷΪСزʿ
Ĺɵʮӣһһ磬ʱҲټǧͷŹײĵʿΪ
ʦս޲ʤ
ʦս޲ʤ
ǧʿһ졣
Сز㳢ҵġתϫ
ƾʩչռһ龳֣Ҷܹһɱ
ܰ죬ս֮ǰйСزǿѹ
ಣ
СزĮһЦٿһΣûһӰƾʧ١
С
ܵĮһЦɢʶѰСزӰ
Ȼһ̣Ŀ鷢ˡ
ܵʶ㳡ȴûҵСزİӰ
ˣ
΢΢ü
Ȼһ󾢷ӼϯƽһΣУȫë
顱һСزȭͷƿ籩һ£⧲֮£ֻüܿҪλֱСزȭͷ鱬죬գۼͱ˿
ǵһܵļ׵ǱСزùѣһı
úãʹ죡
ߣڼţǲҪ峤ֵһᣡ峤ǻǫ́ϿɵĴڣܹƥеģ
ϧҪ峤ȭͷܹܵԴôսѾˣ
Сزһ֣һ˶ʱһ󻶺кá
۹ĹɵʮӣһƲ֣ȭͷΪܵĴеǡ
СزȻ͵Ϯд
ʩչתϫ֮ҵҪ㻹ô͵Ϯ
ŭһҪ߶תϫ
ʱ
ǿ쿴ˣ㳡Χһ
ৡ
ʱеʿȫˢˢѭȥ
ȻԶ֮УӰƺƵӶͷһɰѪɫĻƽƽ֮ϣʮ
ˡ
ī𣬾Ҫǰӭӡ
Сزȫתͷȥһͣն
ڵĸӣҲ½״Ϸ׷׳𣬽ӭӡ
һʱ䣬׵Ļƽʿ˻ʹǰ
ڻˣ
ɹûУ
ûлɱĹӶʨֵܸȫնɱ
ǧСʯȳϣ׷״ǰһĿضס
ԣ׵ͷһЦѾָϴһգӽֽڡ
״ӻƽ˵Ĵӵ£ǵ㳡ʼնûпĹӰҲ¶ˡ
ԣһϲѡ
δͳֵѹ׵Ĵ£ܹɹŤתս֣֣ڵ˵Ȼһĺ£ÿһڵĵӶüһѡ
Ψһ˸оЩźǣʨֵ֮׵ĹˣΪһ


1736 ΪЦ
壬Ǻηʥ
īע⵽ŵǧʿһ֣ʮֽ˶ɵ档
īǰ˵ˡ
ɤӣĵ㻹ǵǰ־ȳǧӤ𣿡
ī˵ͷ
ЩӤɽᡣ
ɽ壬ڶʧǧӤʱ򣬱ʹһֱûзһԼĺӣڲ֮ǰҵһЩ˿֪͵Ӥסԣͼʿһ·ɽˮǰ֣ҪҪһ˵
ֻЩʿûϵǣѾڸ׽𣬴ӽ󣬽ˡ
һЦ
ī΢΢һЦ˼ؿһʿ
Ҳãҡһ֮Ǿϲطֵ궪ʧӤûǱҸϤ÷ǳ
ԣһҴͣҪܹԼʧɢĺӡ
׵
ԭôһ¡ī˵ͷ
ˣλǰγƺ
ͷͻīڴһֱī׽֮󣬷Źǰʩһѯīݡ
īϣڵĸЦŽܵ
ɽ峤ͻ𡯣ݼīǰ
ͻ΢죬æҾ
ûϵī龳ĸ֣ȻڵĸݵλҪѷһ
һʱ䣬ͻĿ࿴
һԪʿȻܹһ龳ĴĸԸطŵ̬ɴ˿ɼ׵˸жôľˡ
á
ī΢Цŵ˵ͷӭͣǷģǵĺÿһǳûͷԣĺӡ
ͻԣл
˵Ĵӵ֮£״ǵز㳡ʱСزնһŭĿӡ
㳡ΧвٵĹڡ
Сزܣڸʲô
̧ͷȥʱ΢΢һѯʡ
Сز׺Լ׵ǰǵǰ׵ĸۣЦڸд轻ء
˵ţ˼ǳ
д轻
ĿһƳ̾Ϳеġд轻Ҫð벽ĺ
׶ʱüȵܣڸСزд轻𣿻Ļ죿
ܵļʣҪ׼ʱϵܿ϶ʩչתϫתϫĿùǳֲ
һȫʩչתϫô㳡ΧƿܻΪܲס񱩵Ԫ鿪ʱټĻʹпΪ֮顣
ңСزոֵɽһսδȫָʱд裬ҪԿġ
׾ԲСزԿ
ΪһˣߵŮ˶ˣк
ಣ
ܴɫϣǿѵļ׵ǣӲſףĿƵ壬ã
Ҳ¸㣬ҲֻǵСزд轻ҪĿģҪѵСز
ͦţһ
ͬʱܰתԪ޸ѵļ׵ǡ׵ǵѣǣ񾭣۵ⲻͣس鴤š
ʲô
ҪҽѵСز
ŭЦҡһͷܣʲôʱֵѵСزˣҲ䣿
һ٣״ǵǰھܽһľͣҪѵһΣ
Цܣȭͷֱ죬һɳɱϯܡ
ûɵϢһϣܵɫһ䡣
ѵף
ûмʶʵʵ£ܴδ׸ڣʶ֮ľ޴ࡣ
Ķֲܾˡ
壬ĪҪʵҸûгԿԿܣ
СزһղԣԸܵĹϵֵ̫ǰһȰ˵
ţתͷСز
СزչһЦҸղŴһļ׵ǣҪˣһѾˣ
ԣײɵʧЦζĿ⿴ܡ
ܣƢܴһͷųԣҪ׽ѵСز
ûϵǣԼǵûشСزСز˼׵ǣ
һЦ
ǶŮ˶򲻹ҷ
Сزǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣСزֻùˣ
Ƕˣ
ǧСʯˣȫЦζܵıġ


1737 С
һʱɫϣ޲һطȥ
ߣֻûжġʩչ˾תϫСزҵĶ֣
ʮӲأԲԸԼСز
׺ЦƳһܣܣ´ҪǶʲôˣҷ㵽ףҪǨŭߵˣĻҶģ
ɫǺ죬ƿڴ壬ĪҪ̫ԼСزΪʲôҪѵ
ΪһȡֵС𣿡
ҧгݣùĹɵĽţʱָűôɵĵһˡ
΢΢һ˼תͷѯʵСز
Сزεʼ򣬡ֻǸСģû뵽Сĵʦ˻̣ҪСĳû취Ҿֻ÷ˡ
ʲôֻģ
ܶʱЦˣСزС¶СķԶҪĻҪȡСز
غ飬ѵֻģ
׼ƿڴʱСĿǰ˳ܵ½ǣü΢Щãʦ֣㲻ҪˣҸСزȷģûйϵ
ЩһѪ˳
СزС¶ЩСɥΪʦ֣ΪСĳͷڰСġûϵԼȴⲻˡ
ʦãڰ㰡ΪʲôҪô˵Ͳºʦֵ𣿡ɫǵͨ죬ޱƵضСġ
ڳ˵Ŀ⣬ζձоԼһС
СĵĮһЦ΢ҡʦ֣ҵͲҪˣֻҡ
˵ţߵСزǰСزͺãСز㣬֮һЩᣬϣܹõ½⣬عںã𣿡
СȻδȴʮֵôϻۡ
֪²Сزַʱ
ϾСزʶѾãǻ꣬СƼˮֻ꣬м֮ԵŮܹᲢ۵ġ
Ҫ˺СĿеӡִ١
õġ
СزȻһЦСС֣ʵҲдȻǸΪģȻҲ̫СӽǾǺýˣ
˵ţСزСԺͣӶЦ
û֪ǣŮ˿ƺƵĿУӹһĨղĽ
ȻСزСĶף֮ŸոĻĽշǲһе˺Ƥ˭á
һĻܿĿɿڴзһ̾
ţŮ˾ʲôְ
֮ǰ˻ֵòɿһһļƣһת۾ȻԽƣõƺͬһӣŮ˵綼һЩʲô߼
ܸоԼҪˡ
ڲ֪˿ھһСΪ˲ȡʦСĵĻģǿΪСĳͷҲСǷϣô
ǺǣһЦ˼СķͲϲֺ֪ܵСģǸ˶
ǵݣǸСĳͷͷСĸ顣Ҫң϶һ鶹Լˣ
ҾСĶкøУܳԴˣŻ˹
۷׷ףʱʱЦĿͶܡ
˳Ŀ⣬ֱܲ£еĺ߬ýģ޲ǰȥʬΡ
ΪĹɵĽţѼ£Ȼʱķǳòʣȴܹ侲
ԭֻһᣬЩСˣ
ܺȻһЦѵȻˣҾͲŮ֮ˡ
˵ţչһЦ壬˵˵ϮƷǳϾƽɹһٰ
׵һЦ˵ͷ˻ԮĻڿⲻ⡣
ʮīվڲԶ̸ʲô˵ЦʱһˬʵЦδעߵ
һ˵ǵڻʮԮڲ˳ɹһ٣ܶʱһȻ̧ͷЦҹĹʵۺֻҪõҹĹɵıӣպ󽫷˳û˵֣
˵ţǧʿ֡
ǧͷһ׹ײĵʿǰͷϵĹײСڷ㳡ϡ
壬ȻûмʱϵɱǣȴǸھ׼һݴ񡣡
ţһܹõõġ
ζһЦָŹ㳡ϵǧոµĹײģƣǧ׹ײģ˺ķϺõľĴģ͸ڰµӣԺá


1738 

̼䣬ȫΪ֮Ȼ
һٽ޵С֡һϲɺصϲ£νķ񣬾Ȼǧ׹ײģ
ڴϲʱ͸˹ײĵģ
ҳӵİ
ʱǧСʯ˿ܵУһ˿⡣
ֳգһʱЩΡ
ã治
Ŀһɨϸϸشһǧ׹ײģЦܣл⡣ǧ׹ײĸ̽£һǲɶõĹƷˣ
ҡͷԣȫһŭ⣬ȻһƣµЦڴ˷նɱܣ㾫Ĵǧ׹ײģ»ԶԶʬġ
ǸϽ֪͹ײģڱҳӣѿ
ǣҪķ쭣˺Ļôͻ˺ĹɵĹϵ˵ʲô¡
Ͼܹɹ֣ʮ˺ͣܵӣҲҪ˼ʮ档
ԣײ׶ŭҪֵóȣڲ˺Է
壬˻ӡҵЩײģʬģϧһѻ˾ˣûбҪᣬ׼ײġҵЩײģڵĵʬõġ
ζһЦ̾;׵Ĺ۵㡣
ĩˣһ䣬ȻˣȻôϲҵһǸĹײĵġ
ܵذͷָǧʿ㿴ûҸոսһС䣬ཱིˣɣֻҪԸò˶ãܹ㹻Ĺײ
ؽԼǧʿܹһ֮ǧˣɾʵ
䣬ǧСʯˣȫüͷһŭصܡ
ܱ¶˼ƺǰͲڵĵԽԽã޲ڵĵȫ˲źã
Ǻǣ鷳ˡ
װ˰֣һЦܱǸȻһεĵ˷ǳǿһ壬ǣĵӣмˣЩײĸò꣡
˵ţ׻һתЦܣѣѵģڴһݺΪڵһûУ˳Ц
ָԶһɽ壬㿴ɽƣһˮء
üͷһѭȥϰ￪ɽУȷһɾ޷壬ɽƣ뵡
ҿˡܵ˵ͷɫЩŹ֣͸׵⡣
Ҿˮ͸㣬Ԫľʱ򣬾ͽʬˮ֮У
ңһҪ޷úĵԶǵš
׵϶ЦݣЦܡ
ϢһϣЩһѪ˳
ڸʿɵ÷ЦһǰϣϷŰܡ
ûϵ׵Ļ񣬾ȻһˮϼѵĹأ
Ͳɫظǿķ
˵컨׹ǳʵϾҳӵģϧǣһףϬޱȣ
һˣȻҪ͸һˮϼѵĹأǱ˼ɥأ
ǧСȱˣզ̾׵ĻǸˡ
㣬㡭
촽ֱ׵񣬺޲ȥ̻ˡ
׵ȻЦ޿ֵضܡ
ֱ֣ں֣
ʱʮī벢ܹĶǣڿ࣬ʮɵŭ𣬴ѵܣܣҹĹɵĽţһһҹĹɣɲҪ̫ݷˣ
һҧҧص³һͷ
壬ȥء
ʮתͷЦݺؿס
װ˰֣ЦϣҲдЦˡ˵ţתͷԲԶȥĺͯ⣬ټĵӣҪٿȫᡣ
ǡ
첽ȥһʹϿվһ
ڸʿ׷׼ϣ㳡ķϯ
峤ϣϯ׼׵𣿡׿ȱ
һж׼׵ˡ
ȱ˵ͷ
һٶ׼һЩɽ亣ζζȡ
һӣһӰƾմӱϯһʱ䣬ͳ˵ǰ


1739 һͬ
ֵĽմӱϯ͹عڵأ̧ͷ
ڵͷһٽ֣Щﶼǳһֵ÷ǳǫ̬ŵúܵ͡
ʱڳ˵Ŀȫеϡ
ʲô
ʿȻǽ
ܾ㵵Źڵصʿɵõһ
ܽһС䣬ǧʿܻҸоǳã׵ǰ԰ڡ
˭룬ܵĽױͲֵһᡣ
ǸսܵĽ޷׵ĽᲢۣȫһεĴڡ
ЩҲ֪
ǧһǰһЩԥס
˵޷״һӡ
ҾһսЩǷ׵
ϾڵҲһӼôĽŵŽкܴĸӰ졣
⣬Щڶ붼ĻޣǸձˣ»
ǧеĵǽ˳
ԣҡͷһЦģЩͨĿ飬Ĺ齵ڵġ
ңһὫеĽɢ벻ͬĲУһǽǲأһɢƲʲô
ڵʱǲ࣬ǣڲƴ֣Ҫ˶ãͿбչ׳ġ
һЦ
ǧ˼ص˵ͷʱЦգ˹֣ױ׸˵ˡ
ò˵ͷͨ˼磬ǴֹۻϸϣǳڣǸְ
ЩҲҪμϯ𣿡
ʵڲпֵĽڵĵӵһȣΪϱμϯɽ亣ζƼȡ
׵˵ͷȻѾĹ齵ôҾҪһͬʣɫ۹ȥκһˡ
ֻҪĹպΪڵķչ׳ԼӦеĹףҾԻЯ͵ġ
Ц
ԣڵصĽȫɫһϲʮּ׷ǳĸм
ΪʵÿһʿѾԼһȵʵʣЩڲһִܵѹ
ǡ
׵ƺ׸ûӽ˼һͬʣͷ
ÿһĵһɨգֲĸо
ǶգǾһˡ
һЦ
л
л
빪񣬿
ܿ죬ڸˣȫ㳡ǧױγһ󡣶ǧڵĵγһϲγһĳʯţɽγһ峤ϰȱһγһ
⣬ӨδΪĳϵŮʣͬһҲγһ
ȥڸĵӣվһṹηһĿȻ
峤쿴ڵڲȻֳһĲ䣬ɲͬĳ쵼
һ꣬յ˼ͻԣ˵
ͻ΢΢ͷ˼
ͻĺͯˣЦżͻһˣָ㳡ڴ
ʱɽʿˢˢؿڴһۺ⣬㽡
ȥؿǧĺͯгһأ뻮һ㳡
ÿһĺͯһĵߣһûͷԣĽ˶
ĺӣ
̫ˣǵĺûѣö˶˵ػţ
ҵĶӣ϶Ҳ棡ҪҵҵĶӣ
һʱ䣬ɽǧʿһʧ־ϲ㳡ǧͯһѡ
ݼˣ
ݼˣ
ܿ죬ǧ庢ͯһױ£׵ǰ۵ʺá
ЦŰ˰֣СһǣǲһֱܺԼ֮ǰΪ˱֤ǵĽһֱ˶Դ˱ܡڣҾ͸ǣҴֵо˶Ҫιϡ
䣬ڳǧĺͯȫ΢΢һһҧ촽ۺᡣ
Ȼһδ죬ͥůĺ˵δҲ̫̫пˡ
׽һ仰ʱеĺͯȫǰһ
ڣһϢҪǡҵǵĲ䣬лǵĸžˣ
Ц


1740 
ҵǵĸˣ̫ˣǲҰˣ
ԭҲмˣҲиĸء
ҵĸĸĶأҺǡ
ڳǧ庢ͯȻֻ꣬׵Ļûģһ֪Լĸžۣʱֱ
һӲϣӵмͥů
ǣܿˡ
ʱͻڰ಻סеļ֮飬ǵسǰȥǧʿҲۺᣬһǰ˼ĺ˺üĺͯӵ뻳С
Ūˡ
ǵļۣļô󡭡
ҳҲһʵ𣿡
ÿһĺͯʿΧţһ׵ˮ۰òˡ
ʱأһЩЩܲˣʼƬֶ̺Ц᲻뿪˵Ļ
ѪԵ֮ףܿúǴһƬ
ӣ⼸ܿˡһʿҵԼ⣬߳ж޳һˣϵĦźӵͷ¡
ףһҲÿడ
ظȥˮڣÿ춼Եú˯úãʦ
㿴ʲô
ִӻͳһʯС飬ڸ׵ǰһΡ
飿
Ⱥøߵ飬ڲ̺Ŵٺòˣ
ʿһصɴ˫źеƷ顣
ףÿһС鶼飬˵Ҫõеˣи顭
Ц
ӣи˽Ķš
ʿжѣŻеĺӣĵĸп
Ҫ֪ɽ䲢һ䣬Դޣ֮£ĺͯɽĺͯӵиԴ
ӣǷģܿǾͿԻؼˣص˵ԣܼͥů
һߣһŮͬҵԼĶӣο
ǡĸףҲҪ뿪ڰ
СӳĬƬ̣Ȼ۵һ޳
ޣޣ˵ǾͲߺĸ׶ġ
Ů˺òһ˶ӣǺ»ˣ¶ˣһӿޣĶҪˡ
ʱ˳Լĺӡ
Ů˵뿪ڣӺܿסˮٺޡ
ܸܲ˵˵Ϊʲô뿪ڰѵȼ廹𣿡Ů˺ʵ
ϲڣԵĺ˯ĺãʦͬһڣ͸оڼ
ҵǳ֮ǻҪЧڣ
Сѽѽ˵ʱŤŤʮֿɰ
ŮԲЦˡ
û뵽˳ĻȻһӵĿ˵š
תһ룬֮ԻڲԸ뿪ȷڸ˺ú˹С
ⶼɽǶûġ
˴ʱʱ䣬ɽʿƽ飬ػӵļл
ˡ
ͻбһӣǵ׵ǰ򵹣ߵŰݣҵĶӣܹҵ˶ˣ
Ҹͷˣ
ͻԻͷԵĺӣӹɵعڵأ׿ͷ
ͻ𣬲ؿ𡣡
׻æǰ
ˡ
ˡ
ʱʿһӣǰ׿ͷл
ƴڶ࣬ҪȰҲ֮£ֻĬĬܡ
ǧСʯһԿðͷüЦ
ɽĴˡɽ䣬һΪڵѣ
û˵ɽҲĲ䣬Ȼγսʿֻ࣬ǧˣΪҲߡ츳ʮֳڣ⣬ѪҲǲɺӵһ㣬Χشһ
ǧ벻еˣ۷׷ס
λա
֮װ˰֣ǰͻ
ͻĨһᣬվ
ףס
ȻԻͷԵĺӣһ¼ͻ½ǣͷʵʦһǲӦýˣ

ͻüͷһЦΪʲôʦҪһְ
ԣͷԵСһͷҧ촽һԲ
ԶЦ͵ΪСһ̫öˣƽʱС׷֣ʱҲ֡ϣܹһ㣬͸һΪ
ͻһۣɵЦ
ãá
ͻظһѻͷԵСһԴЦӽ󣬾ͽˣ


1741 һԱ
Ŷඣඡ˷ܵһ߸ߣ˺üͷϵСҫԼ֡
ֻһĺͯʱôֳһƬЦ
ˣûϵǵĺӣȻܹõ˸߹ԵúãúãһƷǳǵϡ
ͻһؿףпϸһ룬ɽǷĶʵ̫ˣ𡭡
˵ţҪ¹
׻æǰһ
ͻɽڼȻѾΪѣͲҪٷˡǵģҾԲǿռСңǽӴȥʱһȥ㹻ʣ֤ǽҲܹ
ϾЩ⼸꣬ǶԺҲиġ
׿ŵ
ʹãʹð
ͻʱԴҡúƲ˹һ
ɽѾǷںܶ飬Գˣٴڵȡʣ
΢΢һЦǿ
峤
ʱһݳ˶ӿǰ°ϳһɽ
Ͳ
ͻתͷˡ
ͲֱȼͻҪߣǼͻʦΪֻԪ磬⣬ݵλҲҪѷһ
ˣҸղŸڵļϽһ˵ڵĲ䣬Զģô𣿡
Ͳһϣؿףʮ
׵˵ͷЦȷˡϽĸ䣬ɣƩڡڡţɽһɡһ塢һȵȣԶġƽʱҲϽ飬ÿһ䣬ҡ
õ׵Ŀ϶𸴣Ͳɵ鼤û뵽׺ͣʵ˵бд£
üͷһƺ˼ͷʱЦûһٽ֣նʣȷ׼ĵбչ׳󣡡
Ͳѣһסͻ֣Ȱ˵峤ɽܵУս尾β˽ɽձˣڵشﲩ׼бɽǲһϺӵģ
ԣͻüͷ΢
ȷ
ɽɽܣǿУսɽ䱸ܼ尾ܹຣڣһǳõľ
㻹ԥʲôҲˣڣǲ仹ܹ֤Ϊڶɢûк֮ǡ
Ͳĭ䣬˼ͻһ
ɽ䣬ҲֻмͲԼͻ˵ˡ
˵ʵڼ֮ǰ׼ɽ䣬ѰһˮذӪկһֱûҵһûᡣ
ǶԸɽ䣬ҼͻԸݵڶ˵Ľ£Ϊ˵񣡡
ͻ˹֣һضס
Цǰס˼ͻֲĴ֣ͻԸŲڣڵҡĶо֮ĵ
ģɽںһǣѡһˮأǰӪկ
͸ͻճһͼ
ͻͲɵӶЦ
ǧʿҲһ˷ܵػȭͷ
ŶŶǲ뿪ඡ
̫ˣǲ뿪ڣҲܹžˡ
ӽھǵļˡ
һЩĺͯһ˵뿪ˣʱ˷ܵŰƣ
ˣۡơ
һ£ܿŮһ׵ǰ
ͻڲΪڵϣֵĸͳһְݵλۡƣ¡
ֽۺƵݸͻ
ļͻ𣬶ʱعڵأнӹ̣˷ܵȫлͻһĹΪڵķչ׳Ŭ
ص˵ͷ

ͻıʣڵһʿѣһͷӶ۷׷ס
û뵽ɽʿȻ齵ˣ˵ɽˣˣܹμսʿҲǧˣһڣ̾ͻΪһ
ʣɽĹ齵һ׮¡ǣԭеĸ䣬һвˡҪ֪ͻʥĸ֣˹ƾʲôֻһϣ³֮⣬ûܹһϸ¡
ɽ䱾ܵУڵشﲩʳԣбɽŶ飬ɽĹ齵֮е顣ô˵ֻҪձɽ䣬ʵ׳٣ңõһԱʥּĴ󽫡
ڸʿһ࣬۷׷ס


1742 
ǧСʯ졢ȱˣһԡ
ֶһǿĲ䰡ͻʥ֣϶кܴİ
ֻǸϵĲ䣬ھж·ˡ
ǧ̾һ
ϣüͻһҰĵֻΪһϣ
ʯ쿴ǧ
ƾͻĲԼľΪԲֻһϡǣϾէǳһЩƳͷϡ
飬Ͳ˵ˡ
ȱĵ
һȺĿ֮
ʱһֱû˵ĲпˣľڼѽĺҪ𣿡
ǧʯ졢ȱȫ΢΢һ
ϡϣǺĳϣݵλָ¡ڴٺ»ȻǶͶã¹Խˣܵʹ;ԽǷ񡣱Ͼһͷˡ
е
ԣǧȱʯˣʱ˼ص˵ͷ
ȷ
һһλû壬УصĻʵ
ͻʥ֣˹򣬾ƾʵھû˸۸
⣬ҲˡͻΪڵϣңƺͻΪֵĸͳ죡
ֵĸͳ졭ְλѷɫκһ֮λ
һ䡣
䣬ǧʯ졢ȱˣɵһĴȣʧ
˵ûͻ𲻽ϣһΪֵĸͳ죬˫ݼƿصȨƣԲЩƳ֮£
Ƿǳؼͻģ
û취ͻʵǣԲܿ
ǧȱʯզп
һԴһ۵Өҧҧ촽¶һĨźԭΪܹΪϵģû뵽ȴͻȣ
ӨһεŮʣʹ£ΪΧϣŵӨԪ֮󣬾Ϊĳϣе
ڣͻΪϣôӨΪԪ磬Ҳֻӵˡ
̫ˣǵ峤Ϊڵˣ
ϣһֵĸͳ죡
ֿһˮأǵ峤Ϊͳ֮ɽˣ϶úܺã
ɽʿһϲΪͻеˡ
īǰҲķˮءҪ־ΪУҪĹԣҪһλ龳ĸС
㿴
֪ī벻Ը¶棬ίīְʱ򣬻ŵ̬ī

īһȷʵǾû龳ʼһͷӦ
һϲڵĸīϡֵĴͳ죡ֵһȫīƹܣ
ϲīϣ
ϲīϣ
ʱǧСȱͻˣ׷׹ֵϲ
ī뵣ֵĴͳ죬û飬
棬ĳϣһѡһּԼĲ䡣ȻǽҪһͬʣаѹ
״һӵ
䣬ǧСȱʯϣȫ˹㳡һˣõӾͱĳϸϷˡ
ʱһƬҡ
³ϡӨ֮⣬ոսΪϵļͻͬûмᡣ
ЦһƬҵĳ棬תͷСزЦСزһϴ֣νգһҾͻ˽սƷһݣ͸˿
Сز΢΢һ㶣Ҫܾͱ׽Ļסˣţ֧һӻʱ䣡
֧һӻʱ䣿
˷ԴСزÿΪԴȱץ峤Ȼ޷ܾġ
ڣԼĪһӵʱֵһཱུȫλĳϸϷˣÿλĳϴŷֵǧ
ȻңȻңÿһ϶侲ûжռͷܵ˵ĽǱȽϹƽġ
ˣױţǧڣеڣʯţɽһȱ壬ǧʿļ룬˸ԲѪ
峤ϣϯ׼׵ûУ
׽֮Цеؿȱ
һ׼׵ֻȿϯȱ
ãϯ
һ£ܿ죬һӴӱϯ޾ζȳϣʮˡ
׵ĺ£¼ڵʿǹ齵ڵĽȫʸϯɽ亣ζƼ
ΨɽļͲڼͻķԸ£һ̲ͣظɽ䣬ҪѺϢɽ䣬Ҫ˵ڣΪڵ


1743 ̰ƶ
ϯҹظ衣
ڵÿһӶǳˡ
ΨЩƲ֣ԹԵغȵͨ졣
׵ͳ£չԽԽã±ǿ׳ٲȻѾΪһǿܾͼʵ÷
ԽܵǣԼ÷СʦСģƺԽм֮Ե˼ϯ䲻ϵ׽յʱЦ
ܸоƺһѵӣϵԼĿڣѪ졣
ǰ
ʱһŽµߣһƱСڵǰűӸЦҾһ
תͷмбһߣʱһһ
߲ˣǰշһС峤
СˣɣཱིĶ˵ˡ֮ǰʹСҹӹǧ׵̷ĹײģĿķǳ򵥣Ҫѿ
ϧͷͨ׾ٵؾͻεĴûеڳ
ܷǳơ񿴵С峤ȻҲûʲôɫ
ǰ
ͷ׵εضžƱۿܲûȾƵ˼٣ǹڵ˵Ĺһĺ壬ҵǾѾã֪ʲôʱܹĹɣΪĹɵĵӣ
һϣؿܡ
Զһžϣͬһˣȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿܣ
ܹĹɣǰ;޿

һЦ
һЦһŽ߸߷ڵأƿڴùĹɣЩèܹģͼ󡣬ҲЦ
˵ţһĵһĭ
߱߷ڵأѪһʹشŴ
峤
峤
ԶĲˣ׷׳ǰߴӵϲһŭĿԲŭضܡ
ͬʱסī롢ʮˣҲתͷ˹Ʒ裬ʮСĲɵüͷ΢
ǰһѽһСһζߡ
ܼѹӵŭûеطйС峤ײǹڣȻҪú÷йһͨ
ǰ֪ˣһ
Ǹͷˣǰ̧֣Ҫɱǵ峤
Сˣǧˣ׷׳ǰϯض򣬸ܿͷ
ǺǣһȺҲ˷ԴתͶ̥ա
˵飬ȫû飬෴ȴ̼ı̬ɱ
ǣ
͵һһֱӶߵԴɱ
峤
峤㲻ۡ
ʱСǧˣһڵغޡ
㳡ϣԭȴ̶Ŀ޺ա
ʦ֣ڴϲӣͱ˺òã
СĹĵضܡ
ܣ̫ˣ
ʮҲһŭضܡ
Һ֣ҹ֣
һЦؿСһۣһССڣֵһᣬҲֵأ
ҡͷһЦ𣬾ԳŹ㳡ڵķϯȥʦãţò˶ãҲܹһµţΪһǿʱҲμҵϯ㿴ұڴʮٱ
δܵӰȻʧ١
ʦ֣ǹĹɿйصģҪ͸ġ
СһվȰ裬ϧʧ١
ϣ㿴
Сתͷεʮ
ʮĮһЦ˰֣޷СӣȻǽţĲȣ̰ƶʣȥһδزʲô顣
ǣǹĹɣӲ緢ʦֵĿƺ׼һȷѪˡ
СЩǡ
ʮƬ̣ȻһЦҹĹɵȷǳ̫ˣżһ˶ǹĹɵ֪Ҳǻ¡
Сģе״ҵƿ֮Сȥ֮Ȼ峤Ͳòˡ
ʮһģ
С˼شͷüȻЩǡ
㳡ϿգСǧˣأΧߵʬ޳һţʹѡ
Щãͺһˣ
̺һ˿Ԫƽըһʱԭ޵Сˣȫֹסʹޣһľؿס
ˣ߷ᡣ״һӡ


1744 Ծǽ
ʱһױǰȺҪ̧ߵʬ塣
ȵȣ
Ȼһ˿粽ǰ׵ķ˱ȭǰһڹײġ
üͷһ˵ͷ
һӣʱһ׵Ĺײĸٻ˳һεϯ£ԶСˡ
˴ױжߵʬ壬Сطײڲ
ǽʲô㣿
Ȼ׳ѯʡ
һ㶣ԵļʿӼۣǰһ˫ֱȭǰʾ
΢΢һЦģҲǵɣǿԻصԭĲ䣬ǰһ
ǣԸ⣬ȫԼţΪڵһӡ
׵
䣬Сǧˣɵǰһһѡûκεԥǧ˾ͲԼͬϯض򣬸ллǰ񰮣ԸڣЧǰ
С˲ɵǵĲ䣬ΪײС䣬ûʲô֣ããɾУʱиΣա
ܹڣΪڵĵӣôͰȫˣԴҲ࣬δνһƬ
񡣡ص˵ͷ
˵ţתͷԵһһǷĹ齵֮פأʹԴְ񡣡
ǡ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ױ֮£ײı̧㳡ڲһɽУѡһˮأ˷ء
ϯ䣬ٵ۷׷ס
տڴϲӣû뵽ȻѪǻ
治ǶȻѿ
Ǻǣ˶ӹţܵΪֻͽЦˡ
ԸǲҪĹɽ𣡡
ڵĵӣܵΪһǳм
壬ʲô㣿
ʮתͷЦס
һƣ΢΢һЦⳡսۣһٽ޵֣չĺʱ׼ʱż꣬ס⣬ѾԤУҺܿҪͻԪ죬벽ʥˡ
һҲ벽ʥ磬Ҿܹ֪ҽĹؿʲôˡ

ԣʮ˵ͷ
壬Ҿڵ㼸꣬ڳȶ֮ٴīѣǰҹĹɡ
ʮЦ¶һưţҹĹɵ峤һǳϲġ
ܵʮЦеЩڡ
Ĺɵ峤һ𾳸ֵĴڣһɱĿš
ĴȻϲԼ
壬ϿлϣܹĹɣݼĹɵ峤ҵҡīдϲæߴס
á
׵ݡ
񡣡
ʮæҵطסףСһԿüЦ
Ĺʮأ˳ӣײβܹܵĹɵټ˵Ĺ֮䣬ŷͬѰԵ֡
պС׼ĻᣬҲܶࡣ
ܹõĹɵټĻϲǣڿٷչľʱʵڷĲ£رĹŶδһܴ
ЩǣĹڵв̫ˣҲ˵Ĺǿ󱳾˵ĹʵͲС
һī˸Żʮǰ˹ĹɣĹû¾ڣǺ롣
ī밵ͷ
ò˵ڶкôǣʱҲΪīǣòķػš
Ĺô
ʮƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷЦ壬һ顣Աȫ֡
ԣī벻ɵһۣһϲؿʮ
ǰʲôð취Ȳʵ
׼ڵĻʹֵĻʹһԾǽԾǽں˻󡢷󡢷ɴ󡢹󣬾龳ĸ֣ҲóȻ롣
ʮĵһǾҲûк֮ǣĴˡ
īȫɴ˫
Ծǽ
ǿǺպĽҪķѵĲϲǵʦΪû뵽ʮȻܹóԾǽ
̫ˣҪܹаԾǽػţҾͲˡЦ
ϣΪһУǶġ£ΪīƱ
ī֪ԾǽǳӣǲҪһʱ䣬ҲĹҹЪҪǳϿһжϣҪͷҪķѵ񣬼ֱԱ
ʮΪ˰ڣȻҪָԲһԾǽīϣ־ϲ
Ǿ֮Ͱˡ
ʮЦе¶һưȻһתˣðԾǽĲϣǿҪ𡣡
ԣīһЦæӦ
ãһҾ͸һ嵥һЩĲϣЩϡеĲϣϾУǷȥѼ
ʮ΢΢һЦΪĹɵĳϣ϶󷨵мݹ컯ɾܹᲢ۵Ĵڣָ


1745 
õʱǴҴҶϯСز׸𣬷˿
īʿǰ֣׼ؽ֡
ǧСȱӨһڳϣҲԻصԼĲ䣬ѵˣչ
ʮױİ£ʼڵĻʹðԾǽ
׵£Ȼ죬ݱطչš
һһƬɽ֮Уѡһɽ壬һ׵ɽͶУʼչ
ײԪѾЩˣоҪͻ벽ʥ磬ҪһС
ಣ
׶ɽ֮Уһ֮ϣʼɵ
ণ
ȴʮӳ棬ɽϿգ׻
ʱҴңת۹ȥʱ䡣
һգʣһϴ
ȣ
͵سɽһЦڳɹ˰벽ʥ磬ҲӦ˽ڣ
ϧҪ磬ΪһʥҪںһǡУ
һ뵽ԼҪԵĽƣ׾鲻Խ¶һĨЦ
ò˵ѶȣԽԽţÿһ󾳽磬Ҫ˷ĽҲԽԽѡ
һ˽׽ʥ磬ͻһ˳ҲûаƿѰʿ˵ڳ˵Ρ
⣬׽ʥ֮󣬻ܹõһոµططǡĴʼ˾ϸѡܹͬĶط
Ϊˣײܹƾһͬʿгưԡ
һתۣѾչˣſ
³һݲ˻ʹķ򡣲һʱ䣬׾;˻ʹϿա
ǣ
״Ӹ߿иӶ£ؿʹΧ˾Ÿ뵣Կ෱µķģ⣬ڻʹ㳡ϣһӴİͼ̺һԱܡ
Ǵ˵еİԾǽ𣿡
촽Щ͵һƣ͵һһɫĵââȼŻ棬ž졣
䡭
âգ˲ˡԾǽ󡱵ػϡ˵һһεĲ͵ص̺ŰԪĵâʱɢΡͬʱŸڲ͵ӿ˾Źǿķ糱һɶ
ȣ
׻һһɰԪϯӿ񳱸˲ɢϵЦԽԽá
Ϊ˵龳ֶ̤İԾǽ󣬹Ȼͬ죡
Ц
Ծǽ󲻽ˣҷҲǳţ֮ǰػҪ߳˺üΡ
Ծǽ󣬾龳ɱڵĵֻҪڻʹУܹȻ
΢΢һЦ
ʱ˿̣ʹڲӿ˴ױ
ಿĵӣҲʹķȻ׵ľٶڵӵע⡣
ݼ
ˣ
ʱױӵǰһ׸ӵС
״ǵز㳡
塣
ǳˡ
ʱʮī˲ӻʹڲ粽ЦСġ
īǰ
ϡ
ЦǰȥǶڰ
īͷһЦҵָ£ֵؽѾˡֵĻʹвһԾǽһҲõĹᱨˡ
ԣɫϲתͷŻʮ˹֣лҹͣľΪڲ󣬴Ϊ
޷Сһ׮ʮ¶һư

ʱǶ׵ǰ˫ֱȭʱڣвɢǰͶڣܹǧ˰ʮɢͨĿ飬ҽЩɢƽ˸䡣
̶꣬ǧ˰ٶɢǰͶ
һϲͷã̫ˣǲƴ֣бĺʱŬɢϢȡ֮ʿ
ǡӦ
壬ɹ˰벽ʥ磿ʮЦס
׵˵ͷ
ҪɵĽʲôʮµʵ
׶ʱͷһΣҪʥ磬ҪںһǲС

䣬ȫһƬȻһÿЦõס
ī֮⣬ÿһʿΪһѺ
ʲôҪںһǣܹʥ磿
ǣĶȥң
ӵԪ壬ǳϡ٣һ㶼Ǹ߽壬Ҫҵǣǧѣ
Сġʮ˲ɵһп


1746 ʧ֮
¶һĨɬЦݣתͷī룬īǰڽʥʱҲҪںһǰգ
ǴĶõģ
һϣؿī롣
īҡͷһЦҵҽʶʱ򣬾Ѿһλʥˡҵǵ顣
ԣײɵǰһ
˵ҵ˵Ϊҵʵǣ˾Źŵ컯ɾдѰǡ⣬ϧɳλǫ́Ͽɵ֮ǰλ棬Ѱǡ
ķϰ꣬Źŵһλǫ́Ͽɵ龳֣˳Ѱҵһǣ컯ɾҵˣںǣ˳磬Ϊʥֵġ
īһһʮؽԼ֪ظ֪ס
䣬Сġɵ΢΢һһզп
Źŵ컯ɾһˣû뵽ĺ壬ΪѰһǣҪϰʱ䣡Ҫҵһǣϣãˣ
Ϊ׸еЩǡ
ƾŹŵѰҵһʵǶҪϰʱ䡣ҪҵһǣҪķѸΪʱˣ
СΪ׵Ĵе
³һ΢΢һЦ̬ŵúɡ
Եÿп࣬Ϊˡ
֪
ҲҪȴꡣ
Ȼ׻һתϲЦտ
Ŷ
ʱʮСġˣȫһؿס
ҵһβ컯ɾʱ֮зһĹ֣жϣǹĹֵڲӦһϹĹ
ܹƿĹ֣뵽ϹĹڲ˵Ҿܹҵǣ
׼˵
ʲôĹ֣
ԣʮɵǰһΪĹֿǴ˵Ĺػû뵽аڴ컯ɾʱ򣬾ȻϹĹ컯ɾ֮У
ϹĹ϶Ϲʬˣ̫ˣ
С˫Ź⡣
֪̰Ƶ壬ϰռֽ鱦ܹϹĹУ϶ܹҵһ󱦲ء
壬˵𣿡
ʮЩ׵ĻǷʵҪ֪ϹĹǴ˵еĴڣ
Ҳҿ϶ǷϹĹǣȴ˹Ĺ֡
һ棬˵ͷһεϧǣҵѰòңƾѰѨֻƽ˵һöӣҲҲڶöĶˡ
׵ʮͷȷ˹ĹֵһЩϸڣȫؽʮ
˽Խ࣬ʮԽǿ϶׵Ĳ²⡣
мĿܣҵһϹĹ
壬ʲô㣿ʮЦЦؿףƺ׵˼
СĽãҲ͵һˡ
ǰɺϣܹϹĹ֪̽Ĺɵڽϵ裬˫
΢΢һЦԼҰġ
ǺǣСͷ
ʮһЦ飬¹ش󣬵һȥ֮峤һٸ𸴡
⣬ҹĹһͬ̽ϹĹ
ʮЦ¶һڻư
Բɵϲãл
ˣ壬ֵķչѾ죬ʱǰĹˡ
ʮĵ
á
׵˵ͷ
ʱȣǱҪ̳ССĴߴһ
ʱȣ
üͷһЩ⡣
С΢΢һЦ͵壬Ǵ˷˼īǰ֮⣬һҪĿĵأǰʧ֮ءῪ۽硣
ʧ֮أ
üͷһǵһ˵ʧ֮ء
ʧ֮أڼĮеһƬޡΪ޵·һȪڣÿһ꣬ͻ緢һΣһҵʱ䣬Ȫ緢ʱʧ֮صŨ̶ȣĵشķˮأԣÿ꣬Χʿǰ
ö֮ÿ꣬ʧ֮ضһģľۻᣡӢۺܣǰʧ֮أ̨ԣᣬͷףҷǳ
Сһϣ
Ե˵ͷ
ǸСӣѾ뿪ˣԸ϶ʧ֮صľۻģԣҪʱǰʧ֮أϣܹҵǸСӣš
ʮһ䡣
ԣ׻Ȼص˵ͷ
Ϊ׵뿪˵ҪһǿʮٱţӴʧ١
컯ɾޱ޼ʣһʧ֮صľۻᣬҵõĻᣬԲܴ


1747 ⰵ
Ǽ̳Ҫãܹ˳ִＫĮʧ֮أ
ʵ
ʮһƽٶȣҲֻҪһʱ䣬ܹ
ԣ׵˵ͷһӣһƽٻ˳
𣬺𡭡
Ѫɫһ¶棬õضɽҡ
ϸȥԷְѪɫϢۻ˲١
壬ѪɫԽԽˡСһ۵ؿ׵İѪɫ
׵һЦѪɫİ壬һСҲ˰벽ʥ磬⼸ѪɫҵıУҲ׳ɳ˲١
С˫Ź⣬޲ǰȥѪɫռΪС
ϳա׳Żʮīʾһ¡
ʮī뵱Ӷ˻ƽ֮ϡ
Сģҷ㡣ЦǣСĵС֣˻ƽ
СһҸģ
λ˷ǰʧ֮·;ңԶҲһͬϳա
׿Ĺɵʮӡ
ңҡ
ǸںˡĹɵʮӻæҡͷ̧ٻһ̺׷Ϸ̺һ˻ƽ֮ϡ
ƽٶȼ죬̺ٶȣԲܸϡ̺ƽͲõĻᱻ˦ˡ
΢΢һЦЩĹɵĵûа취
ҲڵھͽȫȨƹܣһҪľתͷһ
ģҾԲ͵ˣظĵֱ졣
ণ
ʱһɫĹӰ׵ļ֮ϣȻǵȡ
ȣػڣһΣҾͲȥˡĦżϵĵȡ
ҹħԭſ׵ļϣȻ˼һͷʱų򣬳ŵ졣
ণ
ȲʾһֵƺʱҪǰȥ밵ҹħһ̡
ȣ
뵶ܹͨظܵĵᣬײ׼һͬͳʮӳ棬һɲСػ
׵Ȱ˵£޿κεڿնʳ䣬ƾʧ١
һ¡
𣬺𡭡
ɰѪɫĻƽʱգ۳㳡żϯȥ
һ·֮ϣСġʮī̸˵أ˵Ц
ΪƽɰѪɫģƳ죬Ѱֺܡܸأһ·֮Ҫ˳öࡣ
ϣС˵ÿ꣬ʧ֮ؾͻ˷Ӣۺܣһʢľۻᡣ
˶ʿۼһ϶ٲ˷Ҫάأ
׺
ʮ΢΢һЦʧ֮˰ռһųơ⡯ˣһųơˡÿһڲа˸壬ÿ꣬밵˾ͻ˰ռʧ֮أ򻮷ֿÿһ롣
밵˵ΧشǾްһĴڣڲÿһԱҲ׹ĺ壬󣡡
ʮĵ
밵ˣ
ðͷÿһڲŰ˸壿ܹʮ֣ȷûʲô˸ȥҰˡ
ʧ֮أǳͷҲܹ䡣Ļͻܹ밵ֹ׷ɱ
зҪͱҪ뿪ʧ֮أĮоһ
Ȼˣһַǽ뾺
ʮ
׵˵ͷ˵ά򣬾û˸ҵҡһÿʢᣬܹԴԴϵطչȥ
Ϊǰʧ֮أ˵ҲҪһʱ⣬ױ㽫˱С
ڲһŰɫֽƯڰУɢɽ⣬Ȼʮ顣
ѾĦʮİ壬Ѿܹתɱ־شˡҽɱ־Ħͨ͸ĻҾֶһǿɱﵡ
һϵĵһɱ֡
һ׵Ͷһþ֮Уɱ졣
ת֮䣬ʱҴš
һգ͵˫һϹһĨ޿κΡ
ɱ־İ壬ԽԽѴĦʱ䣬չ
׶ԼȸеЩĿͶʮĵڶ֡
ʮ飬ֻܹʮ֣ÿһ֣̺һķ壬ңԽ̺ķƷʣԽԽߡ
ȻҶʱڣ޷ɱ־Ħͨ͸ҲԴĦ־ķ壬˵ջ񡣡
һЦ˱־
䡭
ֻоһɿֲӾ˵嶼Ϊ֮һ
ţ׾ͶһصĻþУȥͺһޱ޼ʵǿڲһſž޴ǳÿһǳʼԴǡ
顭
Ȼʱ˿̣Щǳȴǽϵر˿𵴣ҡػΡ


1748 ־
ʱƣתֹȥ˴ʱ䡣
ƽҹͣظ·Уڽ˼ĮĮڲΨһޡʧ֮ءѾԶˡ

һգ˫³һϹһĨõЦݡ
壬ˣ
Сһ˫ʱ־ϲ׸һѣ㻹һ˰һ·϶ڱչҲ֪жġ
ڨڨһЦͷ
תͷȴֻʮī뽻յ̸Ц
Сģϡīǰ״Ȥһ
̫ˣû˼
Сһ
塣
ʱʮתͷף΢΢һЦѾ뼫ĮˣΪ˰ȫǽƽգ̫עĿˡ
׼û˿ԥ͵ͷӦ
ʧ֮ÿʢۻᣬӢۺ̫ܶߵ˲ʲô飬ɱ֮
˵ÿľۻᣬܣڻĮڲרŽɱǰʧ֮صο͡
ī벹
ǹ밵˲𣿡Сʮʵ
ܵù
ʮҡͷһЦֻʧ֮صΧشл˵Ѳ߱ңЩѲ߱ҲȽޡ
С˼ص˵ͷ
գ
״һӣֱӽƽ˱Уʮī롢Сնһ·ͿշУʧ֮صķϯȥ
׵зУԭڷ̺ϵʮĹɵĵҲ׷ظں档
īѣ龳֣עĿûһϢ
ʮһ䡣
õġīͷӦʱȫڤϢԭۻϢڸˡ
סСĵˣֻԪ磬ʿעĿ

ţĮݲһ紵һǵصɳ˶ͷĴ£׵˶л֣Ϊ⡣
ɳĮȵˣһ˺䤱
һµʱҴҶš
һգһһ̲ͣسʧ֮صķСȻΧɳĮڲ飬һƽըװĺӰ𣬽һ˸װΧ
ãеϮ
ģɳĮͽˣ
ڹĹɵʮӣһæҵͳ˸ԵķԴ
סī롢ʮˣȴһƵᣬΧһǧܡ
ƲҪѾǵĽˣ
ʶģԹԽ糨ǾѹΡĻͱʹɱˣ
һֳؽͷǰĮ׺ݵسһ˺
ǲ֪ĶƾҲĮҰ
Цһȫûнͷ
Сӣ
ͷǸҵʥ֣ϣҪѹ벽ʥһ׿ڳԣҪɱӺ˼ʶ˵
һͷĸֵЯһɿ͵ľ磬ͷ׵Դ¡
ಣ
Ȼ׽̤ӡ͵ؽŲһתͷ󣬽ţָתһɫġ־ƾճڰС
֣̺ſ񱩵ԪѪһΣ𵴣¡¡졣
ã
ͷһɲԤУæһԶӶȥȻΪʱ
䡭
һ־ͺȻը˿ֲ񳱣سͷķϯȥ
ȥǧɳĮ񳱸ûˡ
۵һͷŵĮ֮УȫѪһ۸Ǳ񳱸ɡ
ͬʱԭΧһΧܣҲĳɵʿ˲˵ˣʮֲҡ
ӣǸӲ磡
û뵽벽ʥϴ֣
ŵһνٵͳʦ
ɲǼ䣬Ҵܣȫʩչ˻Įڲʧ٣Ķ֮ǰ׺͵ķԣ
һʱ䣬еȫʧ٣Įعƽ
壬ҪǣЩʮ⣬͸ɱ˲źá
СյǰԹһ䡣
ҡͷһЦƺǵһνٵﲻңҸղֻǸͷҳյġ־
ĻҾħƽצսˣҪ֪ҵħƽצҪȡ˵Ѫʵɱء
Ц
־
С΢΢һɵզп壬ղʩչؼѧؼ
׵ͷһЦ
СһĲ죬û뵽ڸ·һʱȻһǿؼ˱˰
߰գǼ·
ЦŻ˻֣Ը´ĽٷˣҪôһ
Ѱʿͬǣ׶ɱԽܷǵûһη壬ڣǳϣʵǿܡ
Ϊ˵ܵĴڣ൱ͱͯӣɱܣܹܷķȡĲƱΪС
ܿ죬һٶ̣ʧ֮ؽ
壬ǰҪ˶ãͽ˼Įĺĵشʧ֮ҲԶˡܣҲˡ
ʮЦ
̫ϧˡһЦ


1749 
˻ʮĻΪٷ˵ʱ򣬰ºһ˾һȺĻĮٷˡ
һǧ˵Ĵţʮ·˸Χ£Уɱڡ
㿴
ʶԶԶؾͿ˰֮ƺһ͵š
ʮīȫѭȥ
Ȼڰ֮ĻĮϿգȻǧܣ·١
ͷʥ֣һʥ߰ʥ֡
ʧ֮ذʢ󷢺Ƶ˲
ʮī벻ɵøпǧ
ߣȥմ֡Сһ˷ܡ
ѵóһΣСķǳϲ֣ڲ´
תͷѯʮī
ʮīȫνʼ׵ͷ⣬һֱԶǧϯȥ
Ȼ˵ǧӴʥĸ򣬵һ龳ĸ֣ǻʮһ׿龳̶ֳ֣ȵûз
ܿ죬һ˾ͽӽţȥҲʮˡ
ʮˣһϢؼ򵥣뷲һ޶ΨһעĿǣÿһ˵Ĳһ˸˸Źˮ׹
ˮ׹ԿŷķģȻһɶõĻ
ԹԽϵĹ׹ȫĻʹɱ֡
ͷһͷв
磬ûбҪǷϻ⼸Сɱ˵ˡһԵһͷЩͷ
㶮ʲôܲ־Ͳ֣һ֣ǿСвӢۺܸʧ֮زμӰʢᣬовټʼϲװӢ۵ĸ֡
ͷͷʹһתͷĿͶ˰ΧȦеʮˣô˵ܹоͷеĲͷ
ͣ
ԶУһɿسŵķϯȻʮͺһͣ˽Ų
סī롢СĵˣҲ׷ͣ½Ųɻʮ
ҾЩԾ
ʮüһƵһ𣬡ǿʮΧļһûһ㺦µĸоڰϻ
ԣסī롢Сķ׷̧ͷȥ
ȻڰΧȦڲʮ˫šصļһǧܵİΧ֮£һʮƽ˿ûη˼ڣʱӹһĨ֮ɫ
ǺһʵΪĸ֡
һȥʱ϶˻ʮĲ²⣬ʩչѰۣҪʮ˵ʵʵ
ȻΧʮУһ˫ţͷƤֻһСӵĽ׳꣬вһٿתͷ׵ķ
ţ
ױһûɵظоͷƤǱ߶סһ
׸еǣʩչѰۣҲ޷ʵΪ
һȻɲ⣡
׻æĿ⣬ȴΪ
Ǿա
ī뽨
׵˵ͷʱʮСһˣ;վԶԹۣ̬仯
һȺ֪ļһȻң
ʱͷʮ˵޶Ըŭˣʱͺһ֣
ϣϣϣϣϣϣ
ʱǧܣȫеķҪǰȥʮ˸ʬΡ

˭ҹ˵ĵҰ
ʱԶһϰȫװʿͷһˣһʥ֣ˡ
δɵڵĵطͽһӴϯеȫһ١
ãǹ˵Ѳ߱
Ȼ徻ĲӬ
ǵùߣ
ͷһǹ˵Ѳ߱ʱֱҧȻѲֻ߱ϰˣţʮӣҲҵˡ
£ͷ֮£ǧȫȵɳĮ֮Уܿʧ١
ǹ˵Ѳ߱𣿡
̧ͷȥؿѲ߱űףֳʥƲɵðզࡣ
ϧһϷˡС죬ڴһϻĴϷ˭ȻһĵĽ֡
߰ա
ʮҡͷһЦǼע̬չ˲ᣬ뿪Ϊá
׵˵ͷһȵسԶշӶȥ
ؿһԶȥıӰ΢΢˫
û°գ
Ѳ߱Ķӳѯʮʿ
лԮǾҪʬҰˡһ˹˹֡
Сһ׮ܹʧ֮زμӰʢᣬǶ˵֧֣ȻҪ֤ǵİȫ
ǰߣҪ˶ãͿԿʧ֮ء
ˣҲüѲˣǶСġ
ӳһڿն𣬴ϯȥ
ģڵԽԽˣȻʧ֮صĸҰǳıӵˡ
ҿܵÿ죬ȻĻҪǸʹĴۡ
Ѳ߱һ۷׷ס
ʮŮʱǵسʧ֮صķ򼲱ȥ˾ǣÿһǧɣɴ˲ɵֳƿ졣
Ǻǣһʧ֮صİʢᣬһЩ˼Ҫ
һЦ


1750 ؿ߱
һҹЪɿسʧ֮طӶȥ
Խǽӽʧ֮أԽܹܵһȵĻĮУ˸оԡУȫµëף鲻Խſ
Ϊǳʧ֮أһ·֮ϣһ˺üѲڹ˵Ҳڰ˵
ֹ밵ˣһЧķǹ۲ϵıɫ
׵ɫɫģôڹ˵
Ǳ׵ɫǺɫģôڰ˵
˵밵ˣʧ֮ظһΪΪ˲磬ķ˾޴óһ󣬽ʧ֮ظˣֻڡ
һȥһڵĵ򣿡
ʮ΢Цʵ
ȥˣ˵Ƕ̨˷ӢۺܣֻҪʥµʿǰȥһʼǽ̭žǰʮջʢĵһ
ÿһܹڰʢϳΪ֮ˣԶΪˣ
Сļ
Ƕ
̭
üͷһЩȤ
һöⰵ˵ľ˷ӢۺܲμӣȻԸ
˵ᣬҲݴʮЦЦҪȥ˹䣬ȥ˲μᡣ
á׵˵ͷ
֮һ˵УڳһƬޣڲľ죬뵡
޵ΧһѵĹųǽһڵصػŻĮΨһһƬޡ
ȥؿһ͸֣һ޴ɡһԲǧʧ֮ظ
ǿ쿴ǵʧ֮ˡСԶеģɵü֣ͳϽڣڲԶ
˷׷ȻһڡڴϰӼ׵վڡ
ʱʿزڲ
һ˲˰˵ڴǵؽ빰ڡ
ȻһЦİӿ첽ǰһ˵ǰϲЦտҿѿʷǷʧ֮ؿ϶ҪһطЪЪŵġʧ֮ڲϺõĵؿ߱ڲʮƷȪۣΪ㣬֪ѿɷҪ
һ޺ģЦݶ׵˷С
ؿ߱
ҡͷһЦ˵ʧ֮صĵص֮£һȪÿ緢һΣû뵽˾ȻȪΪԴͷٳ˵ؿ߱ΪӯֶΡ
ؿ߱ʲôλСʵ
ؿ߱ֻҪʮȪͿˡ
ӺһЦ
䣬סСġīˣȫһþ㵵ĿⶢŰӡ
ţһؿ߱ȻҪķʮȪ
ֱʨӴ󿪿ڰ
Ҫ֪Ȫǳ󣬶δԪʿ˵޼֮һȪܹһЩֹʿлΪʥߡ
˵ȪκһڲΪϡԴ
һؿ߱ʮʱ䣬ȻҪķʮȪСںǧС㶼еԳܡ
ǲҪù󣬵ǽ˵ؿ߱ܵؿ߱ڲŨ̶ʱ֪ʮȪõؿ߱ʮʹȨֱ̫ﳬֵˣ
ңǹһؿ߱ͿԽˣȫؿ߱ǧˣʮ֮ÿһ˵ľΪܹɱ䣬һɳ졣ʮȪѾǷǳŻݵļ۸ˡ
ӵʮ㣬ƺԼǼ̣һһʮظסСĵ˽⡣
Сġʮī˽һ񣬼ȫҡͷûҪõؿ߱Ը
ҪӹǻõĶṩЩڲҲȪۣȻ޷ؿ߱ᲢۣҲĵشķˮء
һ׵˲ûõؿ߱Ըʼ˵ڶ
ж
üͷһĸȤʲôλ
λߣһǧͿһǣڲŨʮޣһҲܹ֤һʥһ࣬ͻ÷ǳϡûʲô塣
ԣҽһһ
ӿӣܵشӹ˿͵եȡ档
һǧһ
΢΢ͷȻ۸Ȼǳ߰ȫܹܡϾʧ֮صİʢᣬʿĽԴǷǳ޵ģ۸߰һЩҲȻ
ÿһ
һͳһǬ׼ˡ
һˣסСġʮīڣټʮĹɵĵӣܹʮˣҪöʮܹҪķǧ衣
裬ƴֵ


1751 
ͳǬ׼˵ʱ򣬰гһ˫ٿ˸˸ð⣬ʱһ·СܣŴһǧʿɱȥ
Ӵݹ٣ʧԶӭʵˡˡ
ӿ첽ͷһǰͷÿһӢĸоͶ֮һĹʡ
סС΢΢һ㶣̧ͷȥ
ӣ
׿꣬һ۾ͿǸƵʥ֣ӵʥΪ
ԶĵطһҲ۵ߣϢۻ룬˫ִϥһǸز©ĸ֡
ߣӦһ龳ĸ֡жϵ
ϹأҪؿ߱һԼãһҵá
΢΢°ͣӣӣ㶼׼𣿡
׼ˣͰźˡضõĵؿ߱⣬׼ʧ֮еơ
ЦһҲһ̬
ã͡
һЦ˻֡ʱһ޵Ůͳһƿ˰ӡ
šƿһƣʱüЦЦúϲ£ˡ
лʹ͡ӵͷһ·ͻһˡ
Ӱͷǧѵءȫװˣǵز˹У·׵˵ʱ򣬲мбһ׵ˣЦҡҡͷһƲ˵̬
һʲô˼õؿ߱Ƶģд
Сñݽҧһ䡣
ȴ΢΢һЦûнĵĿϡ
ʮī룬Ͻ㼦ëƤСڡ
СģҪҲһؿ߱գʮȪһǸġһСı⡣
ҪҲŲǸǳļһһΪ˵ؿ߱͸һˡС΢ҡ
ܿ죬ӻһķ⣬һ˵ǰ
ǧ衣
һǬе裬ӡ
ӽӹǬʶһɨȷֱǬԴ׵ˣȴһʮЦݡ
ǵӣһǽڲԼѡûйƵĶͿֱס
ס֮ǵýӹ⡣
ֻҪѪ֮󣬾ܹ붴ԳɹƣԺǾʱ뿪Ҳ޷Ķ
˵ţ׶ʮƴСơ
׵ͷһЦеƷָСġʮīˣĹɵĵҲһ
л塣
л塣
Ĺɵĵһл
ЦŰ˰֡
ʸղŵĻʲôͷСѯʵӡ
ǺǣҲܹģ
ЦһмƳһСģȻмǽ͵ӿСүǸŽԿ׳Ĺˡ

Сһʱ˵ͷ
ʲôͷ
Сġʮʧ֮أʵ
ΧһްԣǸ𾳽ĸ֣龳ĸ־ͳʮͽǳ󡣡
ʮ͵
˻
õһ
û뵽컯ɾΧ򣬾Ȼ˿ֲ
ӵһ𾳽ĸ֣»ʮ龳ĸ֣
µӣͳ
һʲô
Ҫ֪ڲĸ֣ڵһܡ̫ĴڣҲǲ𾳽ˡ
龳֣к绽꣬Ϊһˡ
˵ǰ壬ȫѹĹһͷ
ѹǸ˰ĿˡԭСү
ҡͷһЦ
˵䣬һ˽ʧ֮أսʧ֮أ׵ˣͱֵ֯ĳ𺳵ˡ
һĽֵϣָ飬ؽֶʲô鱦ꡢ鵤ꡢŶ֮ĵ̣洦ɼ
Сһָĵ̣ʱеĲ֮Ժ˷ܵһҵ䵽һҵ꣬ȫûͣ˼
Сģǻѡ˶֮治١
׿ȥˣӲСĴһ鱦ߡ
СľһŷཱུС죬һĲԸ
Ӧˡ
īָżʮ￪һɸߵɽ壬ȥؿɽ֮ϣ俪һĶѨÿһѨҲֻʮɷԲĶѨ鲼ɽ壬ͺһӴķ䳲һ
ʿϵһѨн
ʲôǰӴĶ
С̧ͷһۣʱ÷ζҪըˡ
û뵽ӿеĶֻһªĶѨ
ֻʮɵɽ


1752 鱦ĲҾ
̲鰡ײҡͷЦ
ȻԶǳҲûа취ֻܹǿһˡ
ߣȥ¶ڲ
ʮԵΪֹۣԶһݵ̬
һڿն𣬳ɾ޷Ӷȥܿ죬һжʮʿɽ֮䡣
ǿɽµĶռˡȻԽǿصףŨ̶ȾԽߡ
ָɽµĶ
ѨڲȪۣɵصڲȪģȻԽǽӽȪۣ緢ԽŨˡ
˵ҲʮѨǰ׬ˡСһզ࣬ʱһ̾ˡ
ߣȥǡ
ī뿴ɽ嶥˵һſĶЩûʿסһǽһģ໥Ӧ
µ׵Ҳûĵʸˣ𣬷ɽ嶥˵ĶѨ
ȡһҧ⣬ϵһѪˮ
˵һ΢΢һһȦʱ׸оһѪĸо
׽еƣһѨíϡ
һһʯſ
״󲽽ʯţСġʮīˣҲ׷׵Ѫеƹ϶ڵíϡ

һ붴Ѩ͸ܵһʱ̰˱һ
̶ֳȵҲͿܹĵشŨ̶ȡ
ҡͷЦһǧʮ꣬ҪܹסʮʱĻҪҲԿǣǿ϶ⶴѨбչʮʱ䡣
³һҡҡͷһͳһţǽϵȪ·
ѨʮɣһȪ֮⣬տҲ
ʱչӶѨ˳
Ƭ̣СġīˣҲ½ӶѨ˳
ڣ
ƶѨǹĹɵķˮزԶˣȻҲ˼շѣ
СĶڶѨǳʼչڻ
ŮҾС
С֮һΪѨȷʵªһ棬ҲΪĻӸ˵ԭлѹŭ
СģȥְաΪСĿģԼ
ѽѽҸղǼ鱦꿴˺öƯƷȥǼ鱦䡣
СĶʱ˫Ź⣬С֡
ײɵÿЦá
Ǽ鱦еƷʵװ֮⣬ӳֵöڣȫۡ
԰Ůȴ޷Ư鱦ջ
á׵ͷӦ
ϣīǰһͬȥաתͷʮī롣
ˣˣԼ䡣
ʮһҪȥ鱦֣꣬Ц¶һưʧ֮أû˻Զ֣ԣȫ治õģҪʧ֮ؾˡЩʱڶѨͷ
ҿɲǵĶ硣īһ仰ҭס촭

Сǵ׵ֱۣԶһĽֵӶ¡
鱦ܹΪʮ¥ÿһ¥Ʒһ⡣
СĲԸκһ¥һһ¥䵽˶ʮ¥ÿһ¥ҪܾãѾһЩʵƷ
Ȼˣе˿ġ
һ㣬ΪˣûʲôñԹġ
ǡ
Сִ˲ƣشһ䵽ʮ¥£ЩԲ
СĻѡ֢ÿһƯƷҪ׸ϣѯ׵
òÿСĴһʯ
ÿ
òԵ˵
أСִһ
Ҳÿ΢΢һЦ
һӡ
Сʮֲ׵̬ȣһţŵҵҿƷȫҰ
ȻһȻס
׵ͳ򵥡
ڣ鱦궺СµʱСЩɺ׵£ŴϰټƷش鱦˳
Сģ鱦̸۽Ƕ飬ûнֹҪҲȥ
׽
Ƕ𣿺ѽѽСĸƶЦȻһݣѽ˵ҪǲμӾĻһÿ
ĸָʣС˷ܵؿס
׸оԼͷҪըˣǳСһ֡
˳Žֵ߹հƣܿ죬Сľһ־ԵӴǰȫһӴľʯݳɵĽǶǶϷһ޴ͷ
ʱ˿̣Ƕڴвʿڱ
Сľһû˵Ĵڡ
ãҪҪμӱ
һݺݵˣ̧ͷףòشк


1753 ߼
΢΢һЦҪμӱ
ԣݵ΢΢һЦܵʧ֮صĽǶΪһԪµʿԲĵͼ¡һµʿԲμӵĸ߼¡
˵ţɢһĨʶСת΢΢һЦҪμӵͼ°ɣ
ѣÿһȪǵĺơһǶԶǷ֡
ÿ֮䣬ֻһϢ
ͳƣݸСġ
23653ţ
23654ţ
׶һϵֺȻ࣬ɵ΢΢һѵѾ˱μ˵ͼ𣿡
û
һЦҪѭֱ̭ǰʮ֮ʱ䣬Żյľ
úķѶõʱ䣿ײ
ֻҪĸˣȻˣҪܹɱǰʮĻǰѭ̭ҲҪʱ䡣
û˿Ĳͷ
ʱ䣿
ЦһʱҡҡͷɲķʱһȺ޾ս
Ȼ˵ɱǰʮĺΪˡ
ǣ˵Ǻ⡣
ʵϣѾڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮˵õͽµĹھû̫
ͼ̫ˡ
üͷһңڵͼǿҲһ۷ʥߣ˵ûʲô
ҪμӸ߼¡ƶ
ҲҪμӸ߼¡
СĵʲãҲͬŰˣϣ߾ʿһ¡
μӸ߼£Ȫ˱ȳָ
һٻĵȪ˺ˡ
ڴ֮ǰҪһ䡣
Ȼ˽һ򶪸СģϸĶ²ҪǳΥ󣬺Ƿǳصġ
СĴʶһɨʱеѶϢһࡣ
߱Ҫ֤ԼľΪҪ󣬷Ļᱻ⵽ϰ̵ֿ
ڱĹУСͻҲС
׶һ˳
Բ׼Яκսս衢衢ػޡȵȣһ֣Ҫϰ̵ֿĥ
СҲ˹ؼһ
ܿ죬СľŪ˹ܵ˵ǱȽϼ׶ģСҲûʲô塣
ˣǵĲơ
ݵͳƣСġ
СĽӹƣϵֱַǡ798796ʱһ
Ǻǣ벻߼µĲѡҪٵöֻ࣬߰˰ˡ
̫ˣĻͲ˷Ѻܶʱˡ
СһЦ
߼Ҫһ֮ŻУϣǵʱܹȡúóɼ΢΢һЦˣΪǱܿ˴ˣѡ˽ŵ˫ƣһ£ֻյĹھУп˴ˡ
ԣǲõԼ˻ᱻֵһǶɱ
Сģ¶һĨЦݡ
лѡ
׵ͷһЦС߳˽Ƕ
壬˵Ǹӻ᲻ȻСѪʵ

üͷһ΢΢Ц˵׼
ҪܹĻǾпܺˡʱһҪƨ޵
СĽշȭػһ¡
һЦźۼСĵ磬ɲҪС˻ӣСүʥ쾳ʥ϶öԸ
СƲƲ졣
ˣ˵ʦֻ᲻Сĵ
ʧ֮صĻһμӵġ
׶ܵԸ񣬻˽ġ
Ըܹҵʦ֣ΪˡСİ̾һ
Ȼ׵񣬱ȺеһӰסˡ

һȥһ꣬ڽֵϡֵһǣڳϣȻһɫƣдһ֡655
ȻҲμӽǶĸ߼ˣ
Ҳ˵һʥ֣
һһľ㵣һɲ⣬һʥȴһ׽ĸоǳء
֮ǰʩչѰۣͼ̽ĵϸԷǵûܳɹˡ
ףǲ֮ǰڻĮ𣿡
С˳׵ȥҲ˳ƣɵ΢΢һЦ655ţ壬Ǽסƺţһ֮ȥı֪ĵϸˣ
ǶÿһڹϯˮĻֱڿѡԼȤıйۿ
ǺǣѾȲˡһЦ


1754 ʯ
С׵ĸۣ˳ӿĽֵϡ
С¸߰һҵ̰һҵ̹´һҵꡣ
ɴɱһǧɷŹһִž̾Ϊֹ£ҲСĹ֡
תһµʱȥˡ
һգС˳˳һҶʯſڡ
ʯǰһңɷдĸ֡һҹ
ʯ
һҹ
׿һ۶ʯǰңɵƲƲ졣
״Ӳһҹ飬ԣڶʯáһҹΪ˿͵ķʽΪм
壬ǽȥɣ㿴öˣ϶˼
Сĳ׵䣬
СģǶǮͲҪ˰գЩԸ
ϣһҹʿɢޣײƴ֣ʯȻûô
ǺðաСƲƲ죬ɵشӦ
ţ
ĿһǰԶʮʿ˶ʯꡣ
ǡǺʥȪȵˣ
׵
׼ʥȪȵʽۣһ۾ͿǰʮʿϴľʥȪͳһĳۣʮа˾һ塣
ʥȪȵĵӣСѭȥüһ
ߣǹȥ׵
ô˵ͱ
Сı׵Ʊˣһ䡣ܹһҵ꣬СĻǷǳ˵ġ
׼ӿŲܿͲȺ˶ʯСһʯ꣬һСӭǰЦӭ͹٣ҪʯĻԽǵؾһλһٽ衣
á
׵ͷһЦһУͳٽ裬˵С
СһӣٽǬӻͳƣصݸס
ǽؾ֮󣬿ѡλǣֻܹؾдһµʱ䡣
һ֮󣬾ͻᱻԶͳ
Сһ
Сһһƣŵڵһؾȥ
ʯĵ治󣬵ڲȴһؾж졣
ಣಣ
Сĸһ̤ؾڣ͸оһתһ֮ǰһһټؾ֮С
ؾԳһƬأȥ಻ɽӱ޷Ұãã䣬·һ硣
ͳһ̺Ѱλ
һͳ쳹ϡ
С̧ͷȥֻڰеλãһԲǧɵӴ̺ڷ̺ϣһŵλܹλϺõ̴ľΡ
񣬷̺ϵλѾ߳ɵʿ
ߡ
ĿһɨܿʹȺʮʥȪȵӵλãʮһĵӣڷ̺λãʮʿһ
Сڿն𣬾˷̺ĺ󷽣ѡλ
СѡλʥȪȵӵλţܹؿ˵һһ
һɨȥͿʮ˵ΪԪʥߣĵӣ硣
ʥȪУҲһЩȽϵ͵ȵˣĻҲʯѰһҹĻᡣ
壬Ҫʲô
СİʵǲҪīǰ𣿡
С֪īʥȪ֮䣬Ѫ𣬴СͲʥȪ𣬶Ҹ׻ĸױѹʥȪС
ԣһˣΪҪī뱨ѩޡ
˭룬ȴҡͷһЦ𣿲һʱ˵ˣɱ⼸ϺзҲԸƽīǰеʹ
һ٣׾ֱֻһᣬЩ˵ĿУ̽һЩҪ֪ˡ
С˼ص˵ͷ
ʵҪʧ֮вֱ֣ܶӽʮ˸°ӹǿбʾˡ
ҪʩСƲС
΢΢һЦ˵䣬Ҫǰ˵Ľ̸
ȻΪ̺˶ӵԵʣʮˣҲѡûֱӿ˵
һҪ͵ǲ̫ˡ
Ժܺãһʱ
ܿ죬½ͿϷ̺λȫˡ

ʯһʥ֣ϰٸ˷̺һӣ߶ŷ̺ԶһƬɽӶȥ
ͬʱ·Ķʯƣٻһոµķ̺ӭһ˵ĵ
λҽʶ࣬Ҷʯĵ֮һҶʯ꣬ǰ˵ĲҵԣλҪǵĹأҪֿԡ
ʶһſڣͽʯı˳˲ҪͼñıƸ
аɽ̺ϵʿȫ࣬û˻ᵨعȻ밵ԡ
ڣΪ˹ƽҪƴ󣬷˵ʶǶʯĹأϣλҪ֣
ʶʥ΢΢һЦŷ̺ϵһ
˶ûʲô顣
ʯȻǶģȻҪʶĻЩѰʦؾֻҪһʩչѰܹ׵ѰѨһʯ꽫
ԴˣʯĿˣȫ׼
¡¡
ܿ죬ʶĴ߶£̺ϾͳһӴĽƣ̺׽κ˵ʶԳƽƣ̽
Ψһܹģͨ˫ۣԼḻľжϡ


1755 ƭ
ǵһҪȥĿĵأһٶʮ֮ķˮأһϺõŸλ
ʶ༫ƻɤ쳹ȫ
˵ţʶĴ߶£˽µķ̺ɫԭɫ͸
ʱ̺ϵʿ׷׵ͷ۲·ķˮȺۡ
ȻЩͽУвѰʦѰѨжϷˮ
壬ѰѨ𣿡
Сĺʵ
ᡣ
׵Ļشһ٣ֲǿһѰʦաΪǫ顣
֪ûˣѰѨϵ裬¯ࡣС׵Ļƺ㣬ʱ̾һ˵ϧҾͲԶˡ
΢΢һЦСģǧҪΪѰܸߣܹڶʯѺԱ
ţСһЩؿס
׵Ŀ˿һɨ΢΢һЦʯȻҪӯȻкֶܶΡ
ܶ㿴ǷˮصĵطпǶʯķˮʦΪõġܶ㿴ĵطҲΪαġ
ңҸҿ϶̺ϵĿУкܶ඼ǶʯڲУΪľǺ̧ۡ
һˣЩڲоͻ̧۸˲òѾ޶Ĵ
һĿõҲܸߡ
׷
ԣСĲɵõɴ˫סˡ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
һõƭ֣ζ޷һҹд
С
ҡͷһЦΪʲôҲԸʯԵɡΪҲ뱻Ūڹ֮䡣
ûоԡ
Ȼ׻һתοʯΪ˱֤ǻһЩСͷġͿܲץסˡ
СƲƲ죬ȱȱͷʼŪԼ鱦ԵƷ
ܿ죬̺˵һĿĵء
λһϺõķˮء
ҿԿ·ɽƣľïʢһɶõ
ʶ฻дԵɤ쳹ȫǽ·ɽȫ˺ţܹɽ塣һͿʼۣϣλܹһҹ
˷׷׵ͷȥһ˽
ķˮ̫ˣǵ͵ķˮṹԸܹĵһ
ķˮ֣̫йоˣҲ¶ΪġҲ׼Ѻע
ҵĳ벻࣬ǿ˵ա
УŸ˼Ŀ˶СһĿ⾼ؿ·ע˷ŵɽ
СĺشͷȥĿڱעֵɽתһãȻҡҡͷ
ȻСĶѰѨһϲͨȫûʲôͷ
ûвǣ΢΢˫Уӹһ˿Ľ⣬ת˲š
壬ʲô𣿡
СЩģתͷѯס
ɽڲ裬ҡĶǿڡ׵
ʲô
С΢΢һһؿףǲµİɣҪȻƾ˫ۣôܹô͸
Цûг͡
׿òѰѨı£ܹһЩϵġѰۡ
Ѱ۵֮̽£ע˼Ǻŵɽ壬ȫһࡣ
ˡ
ظλѾ۲ϣжϡ棬ǾͿʼоġȣҪĵһɽ壬׼һǧ衣ÿμӼ۲һٽ衣
ʶΪˣ˵һξ۵Ļ
һǧһٽ裡
䣬˾еơ
ã777λĿˣһǧһٽļ۸񣬻иߵļ۸𣿡ʶһЦ
һǧٽ裡
һǧİٽ裡
һǧ˰ٽ裡
ܿ죬־ĵʿ˷һʱ䣬۸Ѿһǧ衣
ʱ򣬾ʿ侲ٸۡ
ҳһǧ
ԵһŮ˾֣
СףȫתͷһԵŮ
ܵСľŮͦͦʵظһǮԵģ̧°͡
׵һЦתͷ
СƲƲ죬һĲˬ
һǧ
ǰһٶȼӼۡ
裡
Ůڡ
һڣڳʿȫΪ֮Ȼ
ŮȻһӽ۸һǧ裡
δҲ̫ƴˣ
ңŮûбҪһӼӼôࡣ
ȻŮûн
ŮıۣʶϲЦտеһӣûп˼Ӽۣ
һ
һʶһ
һɽ壬ļ۸


1756 ͷ
뽻裬Ϊ
ʶ첽ߵŮԣ΢΢һЦ
ŮһӣһǬ˳ݸʶࡣ
ʶʶһɨȷ󣬵߻ط̺ǰ
ʱ̺ϵˣȫ²ؿ·ɽ壬һȴſ
ɽ
ʶ˻֡
ʱϰٸ˵һɽ塣
Щ߮ڷ̺Χڷ̺ĽڲԣᱻƸס
ಡ
ܿ죬ϰٸ˵һɽϿգмԪͷųһԪֵһɾ޷塣
ţĴ߶£һ׷ɣ飬ɽʯȫи˿
ʯʮֽǶõķʽǴ⵽롣Ȼƻڲ裬ܹ֤ԡ
ңشеڲҲܹ֤
¡¡
и֮£ټɽʯ׷ɣ̺ÿһ˵࣬ȫᵽɤ۵λá
ܿ죬ɽ屻иһ룬ȻûпӰӡ
̺ϵĿһҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҳֻ
ŮɫЩÿ
ܿ죬¡¡¡һ죬ɾ޷Ȼ飬ֱӱг޾Ƭѳһʯѡ
Ȼһ趼ûп
һڣǿϧ
ҿûѺĻͿˡ
˷ˮأ˱׼ṹȻпڣ
۷׷ס
źɽ岢ûгʶһϧҪŽɽ壬һøλʧġ
ˣǵڶɽ塣׼һɽһһǧ裬ÿμӼ۲һٽ衣
ʶ΢΢һЦ˿ûΪһɽڶõ㡣
һǧٽ衭
ҳǧ裬һͲˡ
ǧ裬ɽ۵λãҪˡ
ܿ죬ڶֵľۿʼˡ
һʱ䣬۸ͱ̧һһǧҡ
Ϊһɽ巽˿ڣ˾۵ĻԽ˲١˼Ӽ۵һһǧʱûٴγۡ
ټӼ𣿡
ûеĻҾͿʼˣһʶеĴӣҪһ
ʱһɤ
ҳһǧ衭
ৡ
ʱ˷׷ѭȥ
̧ͷȥɵһЦˡ
۵ĲˣȻǰʥȪȵˡ
ã
8678λĿ˳һǧ裬˸𣿡
ʶЦݲãеĴӡ
ֳѻȸ
һ
һʶһ
ţʶ첽ǰнӹһδѪǬڲװŲ಻һǧ衣
ɽ
ʶһ¡
ܿ죬ٶȿɽ
˵࣬ٶᵽɤ۵λá
顭
˹еĿУɾ޷ܿͱгʯ֮ǰһ˿ڡ
ģǼ
һǧ裬˵ɲһСĿ
ʥȪȵˣŭһʥȪȵһԪʥߣһǧ裬ҲҪܲС
ǳźڶɽҲ˿ڡ
ţɽһôʧģ
ʶɫ䣬ֱӿʼĵɽ塣
һڴҿʼġʶ
һǧһٽ衭
һΪõķˮأҳһǧٽ衭
Ҳˣ˭뵱ԩͷ˭ҵһˮء
˳۵ļȻߣһ۵ϡϡ۸Ҳ̧ǧٽ裬ûġ
ǧٽ裬˼Ӽ𣿡ʶЦдһ˿ζ䡣
һ衭
ʱ׿ˡ
˻
ʱڳ˿ͣȫˢˢתͷס
һԩͷ
˵мԼͬظֳͷ
ǧٽ裬һӼӼ۵һǮյû
һһǧ
ʱԭǧٽĿˣҪڣȻҡҡͷҷˡ
á
ڵļ۸һ裬û˼ӼۣûеĻҾͿʼˡ
ʶЦ
壬𣿡СùĿ⿴ף֪һƭ֣ΪʲôҪѺע
׵ĮһЦһͻ֪ˡ΢΢ͷ׿ԭ۵ǧٽĿˣ΢ƣҲҽΪһͷˡ
׵Ľжϣԭȳ۵ǧٽĿˣǶʯС
гǧٽܹµɽ壬һһ䶯
ȻʵϣʯֻǰǮְֻˣûʧʲô
ǡ
һӽ۸һ裬ԭиҪӼۣͻȻˡ
˵ʲô
˵ܿΪ˵ʶ࣬з˺̧۸
ΪԵпܽڽľУʯ
ԣʱͷ£δزһ¡


1757 
һ
һʶһɽɵ9234Źĵã
˵ţʶǵ׵ǰЦ档
׵ЦһͽһǬ˳ڲװŲ಻һ衭
ʶСش׵нӹǬʶ̽Уܿ죬ȷתͷʩɽ
ϣϣϣϣϣ
ʱ׼һ߶ڵԪʼһ̲ͣؿɽ
顭
¡¡Уڳ˵ȫ΢΢һе񣬽ɽ壬еһļЦſ׵Ц
һҪѺУһҪѺС
ССֺʮ
ףȴһƽˮƺһжԼûһĹϵ
ܿ죬ɾ޷е֮£ϵ̮һʱ̳죬ֻʣºĵĲ֡

ȻֻһûһĨӨĹâɽʯڲ¶˳
ˣ
ɽˣ
ʱͣһЦ

ʱ̺ϵͽȫɴ˫һĽʺ޵ضſɽ壬۷׷ס
ģɽȻˣ׬ˣ
֪ɽܹжϣӦòһ
ʲôʱҲܹһ󽱾ͺˣ
̺ƽõգһ˲䱬ըĶͽȫתͷĽʺ޵ס
ϲ9234Źͣɹһ󽱣
Ҫǰæӹ𣿡
ʶЦſףǰõѰʦ԰æʯ
ˡ
۵Ŀ⣬׵һЦҡҡͷ
ñʯ
Ц
ױһΪڵѰʦʯϵ裬ԶһЩͨѰʦܹᲢ۵ġ
ͬԼʯԱȾѰʦг
ҪǸ˵Ѱʦʯһ˷ʯϣҲҪһļӹѡ
Ǻðɡ
ʶ΢Цŵ˵ͷǻҪһҪһʱ䣬벻Ҫ⡣
˵ţʶ·ʾһơ
ܿ죬еһ˿粽ʶɽ壬ڽŵؽ
ԼĪһӺ̧ͷŷ̺ϵʶɽе裬㹻г裬ֻ಻١

䣬̺ϵͽ˫Уʱһž⡣һѪӿ׵ǳӡ
ģǸСһɽ壬һת۾׬裬ˬˣ
Сӿ϶ǸмңҪô֣һ־ʹ׬׬һҪúù۲һֵʱٳ֣
ޣСӲֻԪ磬زʲôѰʦֻðˡ
˽˵ʲôĶС
ߣ˹ʺˡԵİŮмرһһ
ǺǣǳԲ˵ᣡ
СĲ̲طһ䣬ŮСǺ죬ȭգ޲ȥСľһս
ڰŮסеŭ𣬷ĻҪ˵ץϳͲ
Ů֪ǣûпɽ֮ǰͿ˵ɽ裬ңжϵһ
ֱ
壬ز©СóݵףͻȻϻкܶԼδ֪
׵һЦСС֡
ʶָ£һɽһ«У˷̺ϵʶࡣ
ʶһ«˳ش˽ƣ˷̺ڲ
ֻ̺ϵһһˮƣࣵһָֻ
ȥ
ʶԸһ˫ź«͵׵ǰ
һ«ԼС«һֵͽ׵Ŀռ䴢﹤ߣǬЧòֵ࣬Ǯ
ʶ̽«ȷֱӽ˱ڲ
ǺǣλҲˣǽ쿪һ󽱡
9234ŵĹһ׬裡
ֻǱ֮õһССĿˣиĴ󽱵ȺŴңϣԥĹſֽţһ
ʶ฻ջĻ쳹ÿһͽĶϣʶĹƻ£ͽ鲻ԽѪӿ
ǵɽ֮ǰһ׼һǧ裬ÿμӼ۲һٽ
ʶ໰䣬˷ľ쳹ϡ
ҳһǧٽ裬ģҲ㷭ˡ
ҳǧ裬˭
ҳǧٽ裬Ѿҵļˣλ
һʱ䣬ɽļ۸񣬾Ѿ̧ۡڣļ۸񱨳ԭ˼ѪһĶͽ侲ࡣ
ǧ衭
ʱԵİŮĳ
˻
䣬ȫһһþ㵵Ŀ⿴Ůһզп
һǷ˰ɣȻǧ裬ǲƴ֡
ͷǳģСģû׼֮ǰ˶һһҲ˵
ŮǺĵӡ
۷׷ס


1758 ʮľ
Ůڱǧļ۸󣬷̺ϵնʱƽࡣ
ŮͦͦʵظƳһԵСģ°͡
СĲеЦ
Ǻǣһ׳գɽҲһڣһ޵ʱ򡭡
СаЦ
ʱ˿̣СĶ׵ѾŲɡ
֮ǰ˵Ƭˮڲ˵ɽ֮⣬ûһɽڲ衣
ԣŮ˳ĵõɽ壬Ҳֻпķݡ
ֻһΣ˽һ
ûҪһһģ
ʶ฻дԵɤٶ쳹˵Ķϡ
ҳ裬ģҾͲˡ
Ȼһͳɤ쳹ȫ

ʱȫڣÿһͽȫתͷѭȥ
ˡѭȥɵ΢΢һЦ
Ů۵ˣˣȻʥȪȵˡ
֮ǰ˳˵ڶɽ壬ϧûܿۿнȻЩסˡ
ã
λѿǧļ۸񣬻˼Ӽ𣿡
ʶЦݲãڴͶŮķ
ৡ
ʱڳ˵ȫе˰Ůϡ
Ůɫǵͨ죬ݽҧ
ûϵ֮󣬾Ȼǰ֣ðŮ
ҳ衭
ȵĿУŮվԸ°ͣһſڣͽ۸̧ۣ
˻
ʱȫȻһÿϷ̬ŰŮ˵ľۡ
вټʶʿϳ˴ŵʽۣʥȪȵרװʱһզ̾
ӦʥȪȵˣ
ʥȪȵĵӣǲƴ֮ΧشܲһǰɣҪˣɾ͸ʥȪȶˣ
кϷˣ
۷׷ףһڴؿˡ
ʶҲЦеؿˡ
Ϊʯϰ֮һʶԸ⿴ľ֮以಻̧ܡĻ۸ͻᱻ̧úܸߡ
ߣҳ
ͷһԪʿƣϳԼ֮󣬶ʱʾ׼۸ǧ裬Ȼոտڵ˲䣬һʶԺ΢΢һ㶡
ѣѺˣһڡȻ׵
һȵתͷ׵ķ
׳΢΢һЦòص˵ͷ
ڰô
תƣŵİŮʱһЦϧҲӵġ
һԼˣ׵ʱЦһˣλŮ޹ϸֻҪ㽻Ѱˡ
ҪҽѣΪʲô
ƵĮһЦ׵Ļ͸¶һĨм
ܹʶʥȪȵĵѣµңѳȫ
壬źۼؽ졣
ǺǣáҾ͸һ档ǣҪ֪ڹˣңһ׷Īģ
вתͷ
˼Ӽ𣿡
û˼Ӽ۵ĻҾͿʼˣ
ʶһʥȪȵƣûмӼ۵˼ʼһ
һʶһ
ϲ㣬ĵ˵ɽ塣ϣܹеô󽱡
ʶǵŮǰŰŮ΢΢һЦ
ŮһӣһǬʶ࣬Ƥգһ£ƺں衭
ʶɢʶ̽ǬУܿȷɽ
顭
һ¡¡Уͽȫؿɽ塣ĿǰΪһɽˣÿһͽڴɽڲܷ񿪳
ŮԵ÷ǳȴʼû뿪ɽ壬ʱſˮȻ֮УΪġ
Ͼ蹺ɽ壡
ҪǷ˿ڣɾȫˮƯˡ
䡭
Ȼжͽ鷢˼ϣĵɽ壬Ȼ˿ڣ
ǲֵû뵽蹺ɽ壬Ȼ˿ڣ
ûе£ɽĵλãӦǷˮص룬Ȼɽ忪裬ɽҲӦÿһ󽱲Ŷԡ
컯Ūˣ׻˵ʮľ䣬ܹһҹˣϾǼġ
ڳͽһҡͷԣԭΪ󽱶ѪڵĶͽǣһࡣ
ǳźɽûܿ
ҪĲҪ٣Žĵɽ壬һôʧģ
ʶ赭дؽɽһʼɽ壬濪ʼɽ壬֮ǰһ׼һǧ裬ÿμӼ۲һٽ
䣬ֻŮܻسµɽ壡


1759 ҵ

ʱȫһȻ
ÿһͽȫþ㵵Ů
ˣ׷ˣ
ŸոտʼģŮȻ͵Ⱥ򲻼ֱӽ۸̧衭
ȻŮѾĺۣеܻˣ
ѣܹû
ʱ׵ԺУһ
ȻʥȪȵơ
̧ͷȥֻЦеؿԼ
ɽ壬׼ǧģΪ׵Ȱ裬ѡ˷
ҪȻĻǧ裬ͽ״ˮƯˣ
˵ʵǶΪмġƻǷǳɻΪʲôܹ֪ɽڲǷ
Ҫ֪ÿһͽʶƷˣ׵ġ
ǣ׶ѰѨĴʦ
Ǻǣ˵˵΢΢һЦһ̬
˼ص˵ͷȻѣлĳһЯЯСܣȥ֮һúñֳ
ʥȪȵĵӣΧشǷǳġȴĸԸسƺΪֳȻܹЯһѡ
û⡣
Цŵ˵ͷֱסɽ壬Ҫ֡
ǰһԭĺʱƽŮġ
裬˼Ӽ𣿡
ʶһŮЩǶĺ۾ʱаϲɿسۿû˼Ӽۣɿصһ
һʶֱһ
İŮѾܻɥʧǣʱʶʹһٵĴʱȻԸ
ȥŮʶǰһӣһǬʶࡣ
ʶֽסʶ̽ǬУʱϲЦտ
ɽ
ʶһӣ£ʼæҵؿٵɽ塣
ڳĶͽȫµؿɽ壬еҪ֪ŮķѺעܷ񲫳һ󽱡
顭
ĺ¡Уܿ죬ɽ̮һʯʼնûпһ衣
ʱȫһƬȻһøӵŮ
Ůɫǵͨ죬͹µḺ̴̌ľϣڴڵشŴ˫֮ˮ󷺷أ¶һĨʵɫ
ϵķſڣðŮѾʧ߰裬ĿκһǧС˵һСĿˡ
ץᣬɽ壬Ƭˮصһˣ
׼Ȼһǧ裬ÿμӼ۲һٽ裡
ʶɿ˵
ҳһǧ裬һɽ壬Ҫˡ
ҳǧ裬ܸ˰ɣ
ҳǧ裬Ҳÿһˣܵڡ
ڶͽ׷׳֣Ըһλᡣ
衭
ȻŮҧԥƬ̺ٶȱۡ
ȫٶһƬšÿһͽȫ㵵ؿŮһĿ⸴ӡ
裬һ
һʶǳɴһ˲Ļᡣ
ȥ
ŮһӣһǬʶࡣ
ʶ࿴Ҳû˻Уһ£еʼæҵؿɽ塣
һ̣ÿһͽȫᵽɤ۵λá·Ѻע˲ǰŮԼ
жͽˣʱİŮѾעһҪѺһѲС
ɰڴһ٣
顭
¡¡УɽȻ̮ÿһͽеǣɽȻ˿ڡ

һʱ䣬۷׷ס
ʲôôõķˮأȻͿһ󽱣ɽȫ˿ڣнҲ̫ˣ
ҿûѺעĻҪˡ
ǸŮ˿ˡ
۷׷ףٵĶͽȫͬĿ⿴Ů
ʱ˿̣Ůһ̲һ̱У˫񣬺̴١䡣
תͷȥоŮһͿ˵ʬ⡣
׶ŮһҲͬ顣
ͽȻѡ߽ݾͼһҹҪñӵ׼
ܣⲻܣ
һˣǿ϶һ֣ҪȻĻҲܲС
ƭӣƭӡ
Ȼ̱еİŮڳĬƬ̺󣬺ȻǷһʶһʹ
ˡʶɫƽٻ˼ɱǰͽŮס
λ˵еʧأͳؾ
ʶĮ
ǡ
ѺŰŮԳƣؾĳڴӶȥ
һĻڳһڶͽУͺƽĺжһʯӣһʱ伤˲
˵ⰵ˵Ķʯ᲻İв֣ǵǮ
Ҳ֣˵һа
ǻǱˣҪȻĻǵ³ǸŮһ
ڳͽһͷӶ˽


1760 ŷ
ŮĲҾ磬ǸÿһͼһҹĶͽͷһÿһͽ˹
ģһƭ֣űۺ񣬾ö֮ؿɢ͵ǮǱ֮
ҲˣҿɲΪһʱ̰ҵ
ҲˣɵӲԸⱻӣ
ֳͽһԸĶͽվ
һʱ䣬̺һƬңŭ
ʶüͷ΢ɫ
ͻıʣȻʶЩӦ
ʶôҲǼ˴ϽܿͳλҪ꣬ҸҶ췢ģҰ˵Ķʯ꣬Բʲôƭ֣
ҪǲŵĻ뿪ϾͿԳƣ
ʶ˵ҪЮȫһ¡
ʧ֮صİʢᣬοڶ࣬е˲ʯȱˡ
λ밲һ㣬˵һ仰
ʱ׾վʳ
ৡ
ʱڳͽһѭףĿ⸴ӡ
һҪ˵ʲôΨһһн˶
ޣ˽ȻҪʯ˵ûˣα
û׼ǶʯУĻţ
۷׷ף׶һ˿⡣
ܵĿеĵ⣬΢΢һЦתͷʶ࣬ĵʶǰҲˣĿˣǶʯĴɣΪǶʯһƭ֡
ΪΨһһнߣӦöǶʯԹԵģǡ
׻һתζһЦҾǶʯҪŷҪóжУһζسϹ򡭡
ʲô˼
ʶ΢΢˫ЩƵؿס
ڳͽҲһؿס
û뵽Ψһһн˶ȻվڶʯĶ棬ҪʯԼĳ⣬ÿһͽв졣
գһС顣
ˬһЦӭʶĿ⣬˹Ϊ֤Ƕʯ겢һƭ֣ǱŹƽԭ꣬ҽ㿪һЩûбǰ־ɽоģ
ĻǷ˿ڣҲû˻Թˣ
׹һЦ
ʲôһЩûбǰ־ɽģ
ʶ΢΢һüͷʱšһ֡
Ȼ׵ǳƻ
ʶ࿪һЩûбǰ־ɽģһͱǰֵĿԣʯҪֽţҲˡ
ãǳãʶ࣬־ͿһЩûб־ɽǾģ
ǺǣҪǸһЩû־ɽģǾ㣡
ҪǲңôʣǶʯʮа˾кĻ
ʱֳһƬ֮
ͽһĿеضʶ࣬ȴʶĴ𸴡
㡭
ʶʱϢһϣ޵
׵飬ò˵ǳƻݶֱӽʶƵ±ϡ
Ҫʶ಻ӦĻôʯƱؽԶοΪһΪƭ֡
ǣʶͬĻôòԤϡ
ϾһЩûб־ɽģζʲôζžĵɽ壬ûп֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ǷῪ
ʶҲԤ֪
ߣؾ޽Ųٵķˮأǣ̺ɽ壬ȴ֮٣ͬóһЩûб־ɽģҲſڣļʺСС
ԣҸûбҪǣ
ʶһжʱ⡣̧ͷһ޿ֵضף΢΢һЦãΪ֤ǶʯףҴӦ
ȻĽ飬Ҿȸһλᣬѡһɽģ
ʶʮס
Բɵǰһȵþʶ仰һЦãʹ죡
˹еĿУ׼ûһ˿һԥһָָʮ￪һɾ޷壬Ҫ㾺ɽ壡
ৡ
ʱڳжͽȫѭȥѡɽʱȫЦҡҡͷ
ѡɽ壬ڵλãʲôˮأһһƽɽˣܿ
һΪʲôҪѡϡƽɽ壿ɽûκε壡
Ϊһһأû뵽ֻǹ
ɵӲŻỨǮͨòͨɽ壬˼Ҷʯȸɽ壬Ȼ֪Ƿ񶯹ֽţڷˮ֮Уۼƣˮϼѡ
ڳͽһҡͷԣ׵ľٶʮֲм
ΨʥȪȵƣùŹֵףЩ׽͸
Ҫɽ壿
ʶ಻еЩЦΪ׻ڷˮΧѡһɽģûϵ׻ѡһˮɽġ
ʶʱһԭĵһɨա


1761 
㿪һ׼۰ա׵˵ͷ
ǺǣҪɽĻҸĵ׼һٽ裬ÿһμӼ۲һٽ衭
ʶһЦھͱԼĵ׼ۡ
ÿһ־ɽ壬׼۶һǧ衣Ϊ־ɽ壬ڷˮУкܴļʿ
ѡɽ壬ϡƽûпܿԣ۸ӦһЩ
ҳһٽ衭
΢΢һЦȿڡ
С˼ؿף󣬵δѯʡ
֮ǰһϵ֮СĶ׵ѰǳΣײڻȡ裬֮ѡһϡƽɽ壬һԼĵ
ױ֮ĿɨڳһڶͽȴԼۡ
ȻϵǣڳͽȫòмĿ⿴ףãûеڶͽۡ
ȻÿһͽУѡɽ嶼޼ֵһġ
ڣеĶͽѾʼȺ˽ΪǶʯĸ߼Уڸʯһϴ׵Ļᡣ
ҪȻΪʲôȻ˵ùûʣ飬ȴȫף
ۿûеڶ˾ۣЦתͷʶࡣ
ʶҲϻһӣɽ
һٽ裬ʶõԸҪ¶Լ档
ǺǣϷҪˡ˫ֱأһڴؿԶɾ޷塣
ʮʶĴߴ֮£ɿسѡɾ޷Ӷȥܿ죬һı˿쳹˵Ķϡ
ڳͽûʲô˹ĿĽ˿ѡɽ壬Բܿ
̺ԷԶɾ޷壬ɾ޷Ͽգֹ

ȻǸտɽûãһĽͽ쳹ϣ÷̺ϵĶͽ΢΢һһͷ·ɾ޷塣
׻˵Ҫһһ
˵ͷȥʱֻɾ޷ڲһӨĹâ俪öĿ
ͬʱһŨӿڱǡ
ţǿɾ޷ڲȻӴ
ĲģΪʲôһϡƽɽڲ̲˶裿
ѵ˵Ǵеֻд˵еŻΣ׽͸
ڳͽȫĿ࣬һɴţۣضſ󽱵ɾ޷壬öûܻع
⡭ôܡ
ʶԭأɫһһϡ
ûϵһϡƽɽڲȻ̲һƷ
ңһ˵е
һǺΪʲôڽܹһ۾Ⱥɽҵ
ˣǶʯҪѪˡ
ʶź
Ǻǣʯ겢ǴеôǲһҺڵ꣡
һЦһϵʶԸҲҪǵѰʦʯԼˣ
ʶһһʬ⡣
ܿ죬еһѰʦӶϣŷ̺ϵʶ๰񣬲ҵģ⡭ɽڲ̲Ŵٶ衭
˵ţѰʦشͷ
ΪʯѰʦûнƵȻûܱӶֹ׵ľģöʯֱʧٶ裡
ζʲô
Ҫ֪ÿһΰʢᣬʯҲֻмˡһٶ裬еȫã׸ף
˻
䣬ȫһƬȻ˳죬ÿһͽ˻𣬳ҡ
ţһȻһٽ裬裡Ű
ʲôһҹһ͵ӣԭһŶʯıһȷ䣡
Ľʺްһ﾿ʲôͷӵʲôͨĻƾʲôܹƾһ˫ۣܹȺɽ֮ҵһ
ڳÿһͽһþ̾۵ס޲д󽱵˲׶Լ
ˡʥȪȵƣһʱĿ࣬˵ˡ
˵Ļ̾ͬǣʼգֵ÷ǳƺеһУôȻûֵüеɡ
ʶ࣬ǲ׼𣿡ʶһһϵײɵЦһ޿ֵؼ
ϲ˴󽱣˵ˣǶʯ겢ʲôƭ֣෴ǴԲεĵط
ˣϽƷ
ʶҧһһٵطԸ


1762 
ʶоԼڵѪ
һѷĵӣԼĿϵؽţȫʮë׶Ҫըѿ
ζδϵڶʯؾУȻһȻ
ûб˷ֹȴէļһУͺһ޶ǿˣӶʯ裡
裡
ʮĳ裡
ܿ죬ͽһ«Ӹ˷̺ϵʶ࣬ʶŭһףװĺ«׺ݵס
׵ĮһЦһӣһεʱϯֱӽ«Լıڲ
ţһʶζһЦЩˣͲˣ򿪽ƣ뿪
׻˵ƥﻳ
رɲ⣬ͽʶס
ⲻʱ䣬׵ԺУǧڸͽġ
еĶͽϣܹΪʦ
еĶͽϣܹΪ׵£Ӵ˰ǰ󣬶˲赹ˮ
ڣеŮҪ˫ޡ
£׾ҪʯҲ̫ˡ
͡
һ˵Ҫߣʶһ˿ûʲôɫһӣֱӽ̺ϵĽƸˡ
Сģߡ΢΢һЦڿն𣬳ؾĳڴӶȥ
壬̫ˣֱ似ȫˡ
Сǵ׵֣һĳݡ
СĿҪʶϽ׬Ǯǲܵ顣
ˣһеƭӶһͿأ
飬侪˵
ֳȵҡ
һҪߣʥȪȵʮˣƵĴ£ڿն𣬳׵ķӶ
֮⣬ǧͽҲڿն𣬷׷ףлš񡱡Ѱʦ֮ơ
ƣһڵֵĲ¥棬ȳˡ
׽Ųͣͣ
ܿ죬׾ЯСģ뿪˶ʯؾŵַɱȥ
ҹħ
׸մӶʯɱ͵ͺһ
ʱſ׼ϵİҹħ͵ſһŴ죬ӿһīСĸûС
ಣಣ
һգۣСĵӰƾʧڶ׷ߵǰ
ۿһ񼶱ĴڴǰƾʧڶĲĶͽһض㣬ʧ䲻ѡ
֮ڵֵĲ¥㣬һò裬ϸãȴʥȪ˵ĵ
ڣ׵һҪ׵ʱʮ˲̵ֻس˲¥
ڶ㡣
һֱעŲ¥·Ķһƽ¥
Ƶʱɫϲʮˣ㡣
һ䣬ŨΧƣڰںȲ죬ʿ޷
ֳܵˣˡ
һףͻæ̬ŵúܵ͡
ݼֳ
ݼֳ
һƹڳʮˣҲ׷׹
һԵͲÿˡ
׵һЦ
ֳ̫ˣȫֶθ۷ˣ
ƴСĵнӹһ豭һ裬Ȳؿס
ֻһЩˣֵһᡣԵʮǫѷ
ֳͱǫˡ
ЦʲôʱҪܹѧʮ֮һٷ֮һͺˣ
Ц
ֳ
ȻƳƬ̣ƺЩݣز©ĸˣͽǡֻҪԸ⣬׾ͿԳΪʥȪȵĺĵӣıȡλܷٺ»
ԣҶΪҪһ£һֱĴɻ󡣡
ǸֱӵˣһͿżɽ
һ裬һЦȻˣҲͲȦˡ˵֮ԻǽύһǿǱãһӢšҲҪǴһЩĻϢ
һ˵ԼƶʱüЦظĵֱ죬ֳʰɣֻҪ֪ܵϢһһʮ𣬾а
˵Լûüֵ
á
һЦԳ֪ǰЩʥȪȵı롮غꡯʶӣΪʲôᱻʥȪȵԼ˸棿
ɻѾкܾˣȲҪ֪𰸡
롮غꡯô
״̽롮غꡯϢƲɵһЦظˮĵ飬˵ˡңҶˡڣҾһһʮظ㽲


1763 ֮
ǰЩ꣬컯ɾһ춯صĴʥȪȵĻ죬ȡͬʦֱ롰غꡱʶӣ
컯ɾÿһʿе졣
롰غꡱīž֮Ҫغһ棬īҰˡغ걻ͬʦȡʶӣī붼Ϊġ
˵飬Ҫһˣǡ졯
죬ʥȪĴ󻤷֮ס롯ֶӣڰ˰ǰֻһ۷徳ʥֻ֣ӴѶ
û뵽˰֮󣬻Ȼһˣһٽ龳۷徳磬ңɹϳ̨˳̨Ͽɣ
ֻǣȫûϵʥȪȵĻ죬ȡͬʥȪȵı롮غꡯʶӣ
ƾһ˵ˣŽ£ɵظ׽
΢΢ͷ
죬ī֪ǻֶӡ룬īʹĳˡ
ԣ׶ڻ죬ܵЩС
˵Ȼ츳׿Ͼһɫ룬츳Ѫϣ롮غꡯһĴڣ
Ҫȡغʶӣûʲôϣ
ƻһתᵽغ꣬鲻Խ¶һĨ뾴塣
һ
غ֮컯ɾν˲֪˲
Ȼ˵غֻа벽𾳽ΪһЩĲ𾳽֣һβСľ롣ǣغȴЩ𾳽ĴܻҪ
ԭǳļ򵥣ΪغܹͬʱԵǳңڱԵϣͬʿмﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ͨ˵˫ԡʿ
ǣ˫ԡʿԣ໥ơ໥ų⣬ܹͬʱڵ
غܹͬʱļһνǰ޹˺ߡ
Ͼһ˵ĵռ䣬һ¯ҪͬʱԵ߻ħԱǺš
˾ǣغ겻ܹͬʱԵң軹ǳøߣ󼰡
ŵǣغ껹ԴԵⷨؼԣͷųһЩ˵ķ
˵غʵڵھʮŲ̨ڲ˲𾳽Ĵܹѹһͷ֮⣬ʿûһʿ˵ԼľΪҪغһ
첻ֻ龳۷徳磬츳Ϊֲغܹ֮꣬ȡغʶӣһء
˲֪ǣȡغʶӵʱغشЩɥ
ܹ֮ȡغʶӣȫǳ룡
ȻʥȪȵһԱʥȪȵǰϬ˿ûй˼ɡ
һ㣬׷ǳ͡
ԭڻǳ룡
ײɵûȻһզ̾ƣɷ˵˵Ϊʲôغشɥ
غʵԳƵǲµĵһˡغΪʲôشɥ׷ǳú档
飬¹شУͲ˵ˡ
üͷ΢΢ԵЩɣҿԸ͸¶һϢ
˼ؿơ
ֳ֪ɷ˵롯ƲŽǻһתʡ
ô
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵˵һ촿ɫ룬츳ѪڣǣΪ͵ȵ߲˫ޣ˱Ϊ֮׵ġī롯ʥȪȵŹ棬ӶѣѹʥȪȣաĶӡī롯СͱʥȪȷǳΪʥȪȵͷͨ
ǰ΢΢һȻûϵһԪʥȻ˾Զ鶼ָơ
ʥȪϿŹ棬ÿһȽ׵룬ֻܹͬȽ׵˫ӣĻҪϳͲϳΪΡٴ𡣡
ʥȪȵˣԴɫΪ𣬽˫ɫ룬ɫ롢ɫ롢ɫɫ룬ȻˣΪӵ߲롣
Ϊ촿ɫ룬ϣȻΪ͵ȵ߲˫ӣֱǶԽɵһμ̤ȻҪϳ͡
ĵǷ룬ĵɽҲ³ŵģҲֻб롮غꡯһˡ
׵˵ͷһ˿ԤС
غڲ֮ǰˡ
ƿЦһ̾ϢĴ󻤷֮׵ġ롯غѱɣ˵Ƿغ깴ҵͼȷ룡
䣬ײɵõɴţۣ㵵ʲôغ깴ҵͼȷ룿


1764 λ޴
û뵽غȻ˵죬ȻȻĮʥȪȵ棬ͼȳ
״ʧɫ
Ǻǣⲻһ˵ǰˡҡͷһЦ׾̧ͷȥȴǲٶ˵ԹԵƷ衣
һʱ˼
غ깴ҵͼȷ룿
ϸһãʱоǳûơ
ϾغȻųƲ𾳽֮µһˡƾҪȻʥȪΪУӼλ𾳽ĸнȷ룬⼸췽ҹ̷
ʵϣݹ컯ɾܹʥȪȿҲֻһ֮ˡ
Ȼغ겻ܹȻʥȪȣôΪʲô˵غ깴ҵͼı
һˣ׶ʱһЦԺиһ仰֮λ޴ǣ
Դӷʧ֮ĵɽȫ³ңΨı롰غꡱѣʥȪڲӸλ
ǺȻʥȪȵĸ߲㣬ûΡغꡱ෴һֱغΪжд̡
غ경벽𾳽磬пܰٳ߸ͷһΪ𾳸ֵ£ʥȪȵĸ߲㶼Щ
غʳڣһɹ𾳽磬ʱ򣬽ƿأһѱ䣬Ҫݳͷǳˡ
ԣʥȪغδ𾳽֮ǰغ꣬Ŀĺܼ򵥣ҪغδĶɱҡС
ͷͨһͰ˿룬еɻȫ˳ˡ
һʱ䣬¥еձΪ
һƷ裬һŸոյõϢ
ƣغôķǳǡ
غ񱻹ѺʥȪȵ֮С
̾һҲ֪غ̫ʥȪҲţҪıҲ֡ҪһһذܻغܹӰ콵ͣ
ѺʥȪȵУüͷһ΢΢ͷ
ƵĿȻغʱΣգʱһͲ˵ˡ
ˣ˵֮ӡڤӰɷд£׺Ȼ̧ͷơ
ԣƵ˵ͷڤѾ޹ʧ˼ʮˣ˵ǽĳؾǱޣҲд˵ѾˡЩڻĴ£ʥȪΪѰһڤķ˴ϧһֱûʲôչ
׵˵ͷһЦ
׸ƣǻ֮ӡڤԼַ²ģ֪ƽθ롣
˵֮ӡڤ񻹱īѺڱУΪīūҹܷ˵ĥ
ֳо仰֪
ƹظһ裬С˵
˵޷ˬһЦ
ҺֳܺΪζʥȪȵ˺桭
һ߳һع۲׵ı飬ײãȻˣҪֳԸ˵Ҳǿ󡣡
һЦûʲôġ˵غǰйһ֮ԵжԣҿغǰʶӱˣнҪһ̽
ͱ֯һԣƵˮ©
Ŷԭˡ
Цŵ˵ͷҲ֪׵ĻǲԸ׵Ļԡ
ơʶҲһԵ֡㱡ֳһ⣬벻Ҫ
ͳһǬݸơ
ֳʹãʹð
ƻæվƴǡ
һͬǰʮˣȴһѵؿ׵ǬڲжٲƱ
˵֮ǰոձһ󽱣ƾյõٶ裬ֲ̫ںᡭ
ƣҪƴǣӽǾͲҪˡ׹һ
һ㶣ڨڨЦֳȻ˵ˣҾֻйˡ˵ţ׵нӹǬʶһ̽ڲʱһ
⡭Ҳ̫ˡ
ƾ㵵ط֣ǬкȻװŶʮ裬һ˵ֱһʾ޿
Ǻǣ಻࣬ͺá
һڲ裬һЦ
ʮ裬׸ûз
Ҫ֪׵ʥУǧ衣ϴ֮󣬸ǲƴ֣ӽ
лֳܸܵм
лǰʹͣǸˣ
ʹһɫʱڳȫվҾ
ʮ衭
Ƿ̯ڳʮˣҲһʲСĲƸ
׵ͷһЦǻˡ
ˣһڡվƵ΢΢һЦ
ֳߣ
ֳõõܵܵĵطܷԸֻܵҪܰæģһ岻ݴǡ
ֳпʥȪҵܵܣҲõܾܵһµ֮ǣúдֳ
һᣬѰأǿ׵ļƣƺԸ
֮£Ҳֻй׵ķݡ


1765 ھս
Сǵ׵ֱۣڽֵϡ
壬ΪʲôҪʹôǣСĶ׺ɵؿ󷽸е
΢΢һЦ͵׻˵ǹ׶㰵ѷѲľСˡƴôʥȪȵأǲһЩô˽µҵĵϸ
ҳΪνġ֮Ʒǳҵʵݣ
һƣЦ˵ˣԺ˵ҪһߣһСͷģֵá
׸ûнʮһ¡
С˼ص˵ͷ
Ƚ飬Сé®ĳױʮǧ
ܿ죬Сľ˶ڵءڿն𣬳ɽķӶȥ
ףīǰˡ
һۿīڵĶˣʱ΢΢һЦǰī롣
ಣ
īһΣԴӶϯһ΢Цؿס
īǰҪҪ̡
һ࣬ī벻ɵ΢΢һתͷһһ۵СģɵûЦһģҲСزǰġ
׶ʱһʱ
ⶼĶĶ
ôСزˣ
ī뱾ܵΪС֮ĹϵһīæܣҪСز֪ԣױ֤ȥСز˵
ǸȻȥϢˡ
Сƺī˼ʱߺСһ;ԷԼĶ
īǰҸղһȺˡ׳
ʲôˣ
īһʱ˫Ź⣬׵ļ򣬽ԼĶ붴˵
СĶԶ
٩٩̸Լ̽Ϣ޾ϸظ֪ī롣
ʵڱ롰غꡱʶӱȡʱīĴ̽غ䡣ϧһֱûлš
ˣѯغĽ
һӺ
ߣҾ֪϶ǻǰһݺغ꣬ͼնݳ
īĵ׽󣬲ɵòȻŭ͵һĴȣ
غ걻ѺʥȪȵ֮УΣ˵ʲôʱͻ⵽ˡװ̾һ
Уغжһĸ׵ĽҶؿѡ
ī͵߬ȭͷӹһĨȻ
īǰǧ嶯ڣʥȪ˺ʱ򡭡Ȱ˵
īҧأɫϣһһٵģҲġ
˵ţīٿЦһ˵ˣһֳɵĳ룬˵غꡣ
΢΢һЦ
ī˵ĳ룬ˣǻ֮ӡڤ
ʥȪǺĵشߴ֮һʥȪȴ򽻵ҪܵСĽ
Ļ롣
׵
ī˼ص˵ͷ
īüչģȰ˵īǰģʥȪҪغ꣬ҲһһϦ飬ǰĹɻٴӳ顣
áīӦ
ģгһһҪɱʥȪȣǰʥȪصġѪءоѪ
ˣҪһϾɱΪ㱨ѩޣ
վǵ߳˶һתͽԼĶڲ

ˡ־İ壬ǳ󡣵ǣҪá־ΪҵһɱﵣҪŬ
ͳʮ飬Ŀϵĵڶ֡ʼоĦ
ܿ죬׵ԺУ͸ֳһþȥƯǳȿֺıը˿
ʱ䣬ҾҪμʧ֮صĸ߼ҪԵĶ֣ڸطʥ֣һҪúþС
а⡣
ʱһһţת֮䣬ʱ͹ȥˡ
һգڱչǱޣǴĦĹؼʱ̣Ȼ漱ٵĺˡ
ಣ
һΣ˶⣬һСġ
СһףʱϲЦտȻط׵ı䣬Ȳ壬ȥա
üͷһ
⼸죬ǽǶͽµľˡܹʮλֳɹͻΧϾҪйھսˣ
Сһļ
ԭǵͼµĹھս׻Ȼص˵ͷ
ϧؼϾҪˣȥˡ
һź
˵׶ڵͼµĹھսûжȤ
ΪУͽµĹھԼһĲֵ
Ҫ֪׿ǹΨһһԪ磬͵ϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ
֮£ʧ֮صĵͼ¹ھûʲô塣


1766 Դؼ
Сԣɵð̾һһľɥ
СǷǳҪۿͽµĹھսģϧؼĹؼʱ̣޷Сġ
ȻеǳźСĲΪĴС㣬ǿؼһ˿Цݣ˰֣壬û¡ҪҾͲˡ
׿СЩãСĵԴοʵڲ˼Ҫһȥɣ㿴ˣٸҽ
㲻ȥĻҲȥˣҾڸڶеȺĺϢ
С
ײЦãЩж
ɣˡСĸܵеĲᣬʱЩɬס
Цŷ붴Уһϣͳʮ飬ܿͳڵڶ֡Ļþ֮С
СĴվ׵Ķǰ˫ʧԹԵ૵ղȻҵͷ
΢ḧС鲻Խ¶һ˿۵Ц⡣
ʧ֮صĵͽ£ڽеھսʱֵϵο࣬οͣȫۼ˽ǶۿյĹھ
ھʮ̭ʥнеġ
ЩʥߣǰĲϱУѾڵע⣬ÿһܹչھսʥߣԪ̳ԵţÿһʥߣΪڶ֧ߡ
Ƕڲڱ
ڽǶڲؾ㹻ϰڣȫ⡣
ͬʱһֲٿصĽǶʱػ˶ľ֣Ŵ̼Ĺھսƽ˼ɫʡ
ʱҴҶµʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ĿĹھսܿĻ
һĹھսûʲôűǰ׶֧ߵλ֮š
Уõͽܹھ˶ħڵġաֳһ벽ġħԴӲһֱңܵǽյĹھսҲֻһһ鷳
õڶ˶ڡڡʥŮóδŵؼܹڱĹؼʱŤתս֣һÿһڶľ񫡣
õ̽ڼĮıšĮšĲԭǡͰӵΪǿǣΪֲľս˺֣μӵÿһ£ѪɣѪȶб
ΪˣͰӮڶ֧ߡ
ڲУͽµĹھսĻ
ǰ׵ġաͰҲһսΪ˽ڴе֮ţһʱΪ˷
ͽĻſʼǾΪңΪ𱬵ĸ߼¡
߼µĲսѡ֣ʵǸʣԶͽһءԣδĹڣѡۿ߼µı
ͽͬǣ߼µĲѡ֣ܹҲͰ˰ˣԶԶûеͽµڣԱĳҪٵö࣬ǣȴ˿ѷɫ
һգ絭ᡣ
ȣ
ڵĶڲһɫġ׵ǰ̺һɼΪֲ·һȼյǺˣһը̾Ҫǿա
׽˫ͷ৶䡣
͡
ȻɽɫѪûɵı֣ȼ޾Ѫ׵ʮë֮У׵ǵͨ졣
ȣ
͵˫ͺһ˫
ˢˢ
ʱһ
û뵽һʱķ뷨Ȼɹˣ
Цһ˱ĺͯ
ಣ
һΣԴӶ֮ϯ
塣
С˿һֱڹ۲׵Ķһ״ӶзӶҲԼĶпһڴؿס
ôɹͻûУСգգСһĳëʮڴؿס
׵ĮһЦ˵ͷڡ־ϵУ˳ؾһ档ңһɹԴһֵؼ
ʲôԴһֵؼ
С΢΢һ㶣־ϲؿףʵʲôؼܲʩչҿ
΢΢һЦҵؼһȫʩչ̫ҵǿԸ㽲
á
СĺСһϵصͷ׵жϣȻԴؼһǿؼ
Ȼ޷ĿԴؼܹһҲЩСġ
־ԼѪ巨ת£ʮٱǧٱը
Ѫһըҩ־̺İ壬һһȼܹա
׽ܵ
С˼ص˵ͷ


1767 Ѫ
б־ʱҷһֵ顣һҷʩչı־˶ô˵ıըԼȴһɱûС
ţ
С΢΢һĿ¶棬˵ͷŶı־ֻ֮ԱɱˣԼȴûһ˿һɱ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
СĶʱһզ̾ЩĽġ־
Ȼ־ĸã΢΢ԺԲơ
սУʩչ־ԼȫԲöܣսĵˣ͵ùˣҪʮٱǧٱıը
ҷǳ棬Ǳоҵóһۡ΢΢һЦѪûɵı־ѪıԴ˺֣һһΪ󵨵뷨
Сһʵʲô뷨
룬Ȼ־ѪһУҵγ˺ôҺβҵڲ
׵
ʲô
𣿡
䣬СĶʱɴ˫ÿһףҪԼѪǵԱˣ
ÿһʿ֪һԼôؽ·һ
ͨ£ֻбʿŻעһԱͼͬھ
׺ö˶˵ģȻҪԼʩչ־ⲻǻòͷ
ܵСľ㵶ֵǵ׵һЦģҲҪԱʵϣֻһѪˡ
˵ţ״һӣڱƳһѪдһɷ裬ɱȻġ֡
Ҳˣġ־
ָǰġ֣΢΢һЦֱҲˡȻˣΪβֱܹ֮ת־İ壬ֱдһ֣
ǡ
Сֹ˼Ƭ̺ɻðôķգʲôô𣿡
ʵúá
չһЦ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ־ıʣǽԼѪڰ巨Ĵ߶£ʮٱǧٱը
ԼҵѪʮٱ˺һеҡ
ǣֻҪõõⲿͿתΪһ֣Ϊã
һִŵ

СһʱԶԡ

ʵ̫ˣ
׾Ȼ˷һƻҪԼһѪӶõʮٱǧٱ
壬һܲ˸ǺãСĵǵ
ÿһʿ壬һܹԪܹܵѹȫ޵ġ
һѪĳܷΧô׺пܻอѣ
ģҵǣԶͬʿܹ㹻Ѫ˵ˣҲʩչ־Լܲˡ
˵һСģ̫ĳܷΧҲԽ⡣
׵һЦ
֪ײΪˣСĲɵóһǷ
ôһ˵ԽԽˡ뿴󣬻һʲô״̬
Сһ˵
Ǻǣʱ䣬Ƕĸ߼ϾҪʼˣҪ˶ãҶϳʱһʩչؼлῴˡ
һơ
Сĵ˵ͷȻһü壬Դıؼʲô֣
ʲô֣
ššüͷ֮Ի뵽ҪѪǽԼһ棬ÿһϸһǳʩչ־һſǳһһ̡
Ȼˣ罫ؼΪѪˣ
͵̧ͷǰһ
Ѫ
Сһ󻶺ȸԾĴһ˫С֣̾ѣһ֣û뵽ȻܹԴһؼѡ
װŭһСĵΣСһ㶣һžϸСǵͨ죬ûس׷һۣյشͷǹһ˿ײۡ
ˣͽµĹھս㿴𣿡
ײһԵЩʧ񣬵ʱûж룬ȴЩǣС
׷
ȻСıգɵӶóСĵеС˷ܵġ
ڱչصĹؼʱ̣й㣬Ķȥ˵ı
Сĵʹͷϸŵش


1768 ¥
ԡ
Ϊ˲㣬ȥԴ͡
һЦǣСĵ֣Դʮ￪һɫľ¥Ӷȥ
¥ֱȽ¥ƣǲȣֳƿ졣
ܿ죬Сľ¥ǰ
͹ʼλ
һСЦطɱǰòʵ
λһᡣ
΢΢һЦ
ϡСߺһ¥롣
š
СĺȻס˵СתͷɬһЦǡǻڴг԰ɣѵôųһΣϲ֡ңھոĻܶ˶ۣǻܹԱ
С˵ҿ׵۾
΢΢һ㶣ʱҡͷһЦ
СģĶҪ֣֮ǰһƨɣ﷢ţЩ֪롣
ΪһȶĻƻŮĶ£Ƚ˷ܣЩ֪롣
·ϣСĶоԼЩͷؽᣬԺģͺǺһ
ʳҪһİᣬ֪׻᲻ٶֶţ
СȻϲף׼򵥴ֱĹƣû㹻׼
ԣڸ鷽ͺһŰֽСģ׽Ӷع£ܵѡӱܡ
Ҳá
ζһЦûֱ˵Сĵ⡣
ڴСûһ˿һĲãС˴һǡ
һ¥УѾ˲ٵĹ˿ͣȥԼĪмٺˣȺΧһȦɽ亣ζƼȡ
СԶ
͹٣ǲ˵Сһһ׵ݵ׵ǰ
˭룬װ˰֣ܽ¥õľƣƵĲȳǮ⡣
䣬Сæһϲǰȥ͡һ׷ڡ
˵¥ĲȲˣǺĵӣҲԺȣȫǮǱȽټġ
һĹھȻûʲôţȻǳʡΨһҸеźǣڵʥŮûܹܶھֻõһ۵λá
Զһϣһ׳žƱѳ̸ŸոսõĹھ
ħڵġա֮ţа벽ħ֣ʥŮ֣Ҳ֮е顣ϧûյıѺע̫ͣĻҲӮһ㡣
ʵľĮšİͰˣÿһҪ˺˶֣սʿߡÿһ۵Ѫɣʮ־
ûûҲر𰮿Ͱıһʮķӣ
̸ͽµǰףһ²
ܹھħڵգ
ǱڵʥŮ
̽ĮŵİͰ
СĽζţܿƵ֡
һʱ䣬С׵ǰһӣʹǬн׼õĸƲˣرƵƸ
Сһһ˱ǵζʱӿڱǣŨȫµë׶Ϊ֮˿
һʱ䣬Сȫʳָ󶯡
Ǯ׶ƺСһƣǼĮеĹƣǲժ˰ƵĹʵƵƣ뵷ҷƢ
ܹǧ衣
С
ǮһӣһƴСǬ˳
СæнӹǬʶ̽Уʱϲ
ǬУܹǧٽ裬ȻɢɢʯȫӰƷʡ
л͹٣͹áСˣʲôҪܷԸ
壬ƺңյɤۣȴһݵĹ㣬ͺʿ֮õķҷ
Сһڹƣ·۵Сͷ
һЦĮľƣȻҡҾƣϸãҪʹ
һеľˮһĨĨ죬ƺơ
ƺȻ󣬵ȴװϰٽƣ㹻Сĳ
Ȼ
һ¥Ŀˣȫ뿪
ħڸаˣ
һͳɤ쳹¥¡¡졣
ʱϰٺſˣȫѭȥһĿ¶ŭ˴Űͳһʽڼ׵ʱÿһŭˣԹԵر죬ѡ
ţ
׽üһ޵תͷѭȥ
ȥֻмٺʿӿ¥֮Уһֵ׳ȣҪеľƿ뿪
Ⱥ룬һӢ˲꣬ϹŵЦݣһģ


1769 ߺ
ħڵˣħڿǰһ壬ܹģҿǻǸϽա
ǿ쿴ȺǸ꣬ǱεͽµܹھաҲնǶܹھҪ¥аھ칦
ԭħҪ¥ھ칦ǿɲܻǵ£Ծ뿪;ĻֻֿԵķݡ
ľƿͣһۣ׷״λվ½뿪
ħڣǰһ塣Ѱʿʧ֮вܶ䣬ħڵȴԡ
ħҪһ¥߿ˣһ仰飬˷ֿԡ
ħڵգҪ¥ھ칦
üͷһĿ⾶ͶȺꡣ
վȺ룬Ӣ˲꣬ƺܵ׵΢΢°ͣмбһۡ
ȻҪھ칦Ϊʲôһ䣬¥İ䣬ǧ˶ܹɣαҪһ¥ھ칦
СЩãĹĵ˵
ײضеľƱһҾƹУĮһЦǺǣ⡣
ڰаھ칦˿ɡ¥һ¥аھ칦οܹͣԺúõ԰һ
ͽյ˼Ħһ
ң١
СƳһգһһΪһܹھǸ˲Ӣۺܣԭֻһ̰ĽٵСˡ
˵ţСľͲ鲻Ըվ׼뿪
СģҪʲôĿ΢
߰ѵбİ취𣿡
Сķʵ
΢΢һЦСľģڣҲûλʸ㰲ƼȣҵҪ˭Ұ
״ִֽСС֣СĸоرаȫУʱɵ
ιϹ˻ˣ
һһ¥еʳ;߹ˣΨСأûһƳԲˣȫûнħڵ˸
ħڵһ۴󺰡
Ǻǣħô
Цһ̧ͷһ׳ħڵҶδƾϺзҲǰָֻţҲͷ

䣬ո߳¥ʳͣʱͣ˽Ųһȵתͷס
ͬʱ¥οͣҲפͣһ¥һս
Сӣҿǻòͷˡ
󺺱׺һ٣ҽУ˦־Ҫ׵Ķ⡣
飡
Ȼû󺺿ףһεȭӰ͵غ󺺵ؿڣֻһ죬󺺵عǶʱ˼
˵ʱʱ죬֮ǰҫ󺺣һת۾ͱ˳ȥعǶѣ۵۴󺰡
ǺηʥȻʧ֮أħڵ˶֣
ʹ죡ħڵʵ̫ˣǷʰҾпߵĺֽܳѵһ
ħڵġաոնõͽµܹھͷʢСӾȻҵǻòͷˣ
۷׷ף౻ߵʳͣħԹԣŭԣ񿴵׳жΪһѺ
Сӣ
Ҷħڵ˶֣ҿǻòͷˣ

ܿ죬ħڵϰٺʿ͸ٻ˷ڵΧ£ǰƺҪСĸʬΡ
ţ
Ȼһϵɤ쳹ȫ¥¥ϣһλŽ۵ߣϢȣһλʥ֣첽¥֮󣬾ա
ա
΢΢һЦϲնܹھΪħӮҫ
ǰ
տˣһ
λ۵ߣ¥ˣ¥Ŀɽǰĺ֮һѩħڡλ۵ߣǱѩħڵһλϡ
գܹ¥ھ칦һӭ֮ǣҪ¥֣¥߶ҵʳͣɾͲ̫ˡ
ɤº͵
ùǰЦˡ
շŭбһףתͷߣͽʶ̧ٵļһϳ¥¥һһΡ
áߵͷ΢Ц
Сĵ߸ģĵԼ¥ʧ֮ذʢᣬ¥𱬣Ҫ¥ɱɱ¥ˣǿɾûˡ
СӣҳղȺǵ׵ǰ־Ҫס
ž
һѽյָƿЦʲôҲǰߺ


1770 С
ʲôҲҵǰߺ
׵ĻͺһѼ⵶յĿϡ
գħڵ֮ţֶһǶĵͽµܹھͷһʱ
ʧ֮أͷβľ¥ݣοͽڴյĴν
˭룬˶УȻһ
ǿ벻̣
Сӣ̫ˣգһСܹģյͺһӿҪʹɱ֡
գ
ٿأһɤ쳹ϡ
նʱһΣΪ֮һ١
һʱ嶯¥ﶯ֣ǱѩħڵĹﳤϣ϶Ӳܡ
СӣĪǴҪ¥ɣ
䣬һضס
Цһҡҡͷնô˵ոն˵ͽµܹھʵһС
ɣ֮һΣ
ƵĿ⿴ա

䣬ȫһƬȻ
ħڵʿһüףͺǿһ֮ˡ
գѡӱܹھ˵ԪµʿУܹտˣָ
չ¶ϢжϣҲԪ۷壬־Ϊոֻ·һ
ͬʱ¥ӵһοͣҲһ־㵵ؿס
ףһԪʥȻܹھաҪսһ
ⲻǷ
Сӣ
ҿǻòͷˣ
Բɵ÷ЦһЦҿǴӺüɱΧհεͷܹھȻҪһϸ£ǲ֪
һ٣΢΢ƣһСûʸұԵģǣҾ͸һᣡ
ߣھǰǶ̨ս
մһӣһȵؼȺŽǶķȥ
΢΢һЦ˾㵵ĿУվЯСģظյĺ档
壬һɱ飬ҺúһաСһ׵½ǣϲЦտ
׵ʵСĻ˽ģ֪׵ĿֲܹĴڡ
ȻСĸûпյıСʼռţ׸һεĴڡ
ʧ֮صİʢᣬȻ㼯ӢۺܣǣϾֻһ֮أ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ʮǧ
Ϣ˳򣬸ոհεͷܹھաҪ׾һսϢɿش˿
ڱֱĽֵϣһȺ׼ֵοͣڵĶ鲻ϵ׳
ԽԽοͣڵ֪ҪһСս֮󣬶ſϷ̬ǰǶ׼ս
ȵ˽ǶѾǧڣһ²׼ս
մǵزǶУǶڲһϵӭǰЦʵգʲôԸ
΢΢һЦָԵףСӲ֪Ҫҽһڳ࣬ұ͵һĲֵ
Ұһ̨Ҫбķʽ˽

á
ǶĳƳһףЦشӦյҪ󣬺ܿͿһؾڡ
СӣڵˡճĮһЦһȵزؾ֮С
ǣСĵ֣زؾ֮УƵĻȫûеһ£ͺǶ߷һ
տǴѡӱܹھСӾȻգǲ֪ôдģ
Сӣ֮ҪնսҲ¶ҪλΪ˳ϧðΣշһҲǺˣ
յÿһһζΪûл͵յıˣû뵽СӾȻһϲ
ǧڣƳˮһӿؾ֮С
ͬʱǶ棬ԴԴϵοʹҴҸҪۿ׵ı
˲ؾڣǰһƬ̺ǰһһڹ޳һĹϽǰ
մǵز˶޳УƱǹһͦţòмĿ⿴ס
˫ֱͷزǶ׼վս
ǧڣһʰϣ˹ϯСĻȺУѡһһλ׼һı
ֻеĹڿ֮ûΪ׸սʤգСĿղһ񹷰ˣֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽ̻ιǡ


1771 ħȭ
Կʼˡ
һ
¡¡
ʱǶڲƾճһε֣ƾ𣬽ټһǶȫС
ڲΨԶеĹȫ֮⡣
Ƕķ֣ǳǿܹͣ顣
ε𣬹ϯϲɵһɧ
ܹ֮εͷΪһͽµܹھΪշǳȫ棬һûȱݵļһңлһ벽ġħͬʿмǰսʤûе֡
ҲСӣҲܹŵùУ֮󣬱ضһغ
յʵһЩʥһܣӾ޿սʤգ
ϯϣۼֳһߵ̬ơ
ҿ쿴ҪˣȻһȣ˷׷׵ɴ˫ؿǶڲ
Ƕ룬Ƶ𵴣ز
СӣҪ֮ûժͷҾӮ
ʮ㣬Ϊ½ܹھǳǿ󣬹վ͸һҪӵĸо
У
ײɵЦһһЦҲУܹ㣡
һʱҧ׵ƺҪ̻
ͷȻҲ
ȣ
׵ͺһռ֮УһɱѪһεİ巨Ĵ߶֮£ñһ֡
ʱȫƤǺ죬ͣͺ׹˻¯֮һһε׵ӿÿըѣƱ׻һ鱬졣
ϯϣСһ׵仯Ͳɵǰһ߬˷ȭ̫ˣǽԴġѪ֪һܹ˶ٱѪ
ħȭ
ֻһȣӿ˴ƬƬӿ糱ԪյĴ߶£ٿӿȭ֮УûһֳҹĶħҲƵس׺Ҷȥ
ħȭյıɱ֮һڵͽУƾħȭһ֮ںɱ˼ʮˣ˵÷ǳ
ѵҪһбɱ𣿡
ϯϣйڵȫᵽɤ۵λá
ã
Ŵ񳱣ĮһЦ͵һšȭһһɰɫ񳱣ûһϰɷԲӴȭӰҹײһ
һȭϡƽʲôǿ似ͨǣȴסѪ
ʲôȭΪ֮һȫ׵ָˡ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ֲײͺƻײһ˵֮С
顭
ţǧĿһĻڹڿ˵ս޲ʤġħȭȻ׵ȭӰ
ͷŵȭӰ˲һԪѡ
׵ȭӰյħȭδ¡¡һ죬ֱӽ⧲һ㵵ո˳ȥ
顭
ս˶ͦεģͺǿ籩еһҶ«έغ˳ȥصײεϣһ棬ϽƳɵשҵ÷顣

ɲǼ䣬ȫһƬȻտķˮһ׷ˡ
ţܹھգȻ˸һкˣ
СӾʲôȻܹһкգҪ֪Ԫʥܹտ޼һȻӵ˾޵ʵ
СһˣһͷСһز©ĸ֣ζûϵԼڴϻһֵĴͷ
ϯϣһ̾˷ÿһڶȫ׵ǿʵˡһԼ۾
ۣ
С˷ܵشӹϯϵĴԼС֣Сǵͨ죬Ҿ֪ԴġѪһǳؼһֱҵ󣡡
ߺߣҵָʲôƨܹھһҵҪղǸҫһգڻʲô˵
СĵؿǶڲ
Ƕڲ̳䡣
Ѫصڵ棬ȫ鴤ͣѪɫ񣬺һͷҰޡ
ιֻվˣ
бһ۱˵գЩʧҡҡͷһһļһ֣һҸոԴؼû뵽磬治֪ķôܹھġ
ۡ
׷̵ĻͺһУյĿϣĿѪ


1772 ֮
СӣҪ㣡
ҧأǿʹվϹһĨɫ
նͽµܹھʧ֮طͷһʱ
˭룬ȻͬΪԪ׸һкɣ
յܹھͷΣȫΪһЦ
ǣӽ󣬱һᵽգܹھͷΣ׸һش顣
ף֮
һգ˫ֱأĿ⿴գҡͷЦգҲʲôƨܹھͷһĲֵΪǧ˶Ŀˡ
Ҫǲң㻹ԵܹھϧֻΪһɥ֮Ȯˣ
ɤĮʼˡ
סڣʲôҲң
յУֻһС䣬ԼζܹףĻ澡ʧܹھͷҲΪЦ
Ȼղ֪ǣܹھ׵вһġ
ϣ
ҧ֧վһϵһһķٻ˳𵴡
СӣܹҼħҲǽˣ
ڣҾҪʶʶʵ
յͺһŸ͵һŵأ˾ͺ֮ס
顭
ͬʱеĴħɱ죬Ҫһ׵Դ
ʱȫһÿһȫᵽɤ۵λá
Ǻǣͼƾ벽ѹô
һ͵һʱɫħƽצƾճ׵˫֮ϡ

ǧ֮һָʱ䣬еĴħʹ̵׵ǰǧһ֮ʣ͵һӣֱץסƱ˵Ĵħ
ʱոоԼĴħƱһǯǯסһƾλ裬˿á

ȫһȻÿһڣǰһĻ󣬸𺳵ˡ
ֱ̫˼ˣеĴħǴ˵еİ벽һȻͽץס˴ħ̫ˣ
һһӣȻͽ־͵յȫһ־ѹԵİԵò̾
һֻԪΪʵδҲֲ̫ˣʥ֣¶û
ϯһƬ̾ÿһڣױ׸ˡ
ǺǣҪȷĻķȫͳȫ԰ոСЦе
գܹ֮նһĵͽܹھһƾŷǳڶȫҲһ벽Ĵħ
ǡ
ͼƾеķսʤ׵ĻȻڰΡ
ΪеĽҪԶաƴװȡ衣
ܡ
һֵضŵץסħףس鶯еĴħȻ׵ֱ̫ڿֲȫⲻˡ
ȣ
׵ץסյĴħһ亹΢΢һЦˡ
䣬׵͵һӣֻһŴħұֱۣӱ׸˺
أǧС֡
ұ۱˺۵ȫ鴤кѡ
飡
͵һ̺߳ſ񱩾һţֱӽո߷˳ȥ
ǣǡ
յعӦѣ˾ͺһ©һصײεϣһڵء
һȫһ
һδҲֲ̫ˣȻͽ˺յұֹۣĮŵİͰҲҪ磡
һҪǲһܹ׾ٵذεͷΪܹھʲôաͰʥŮ֮ڴǰֽһһ
֮
ϯϵǧڣ׷վһ󾪺ʧɫÿһ˵ȫۼ׵ϣһҡͷпզ̾
Ү̫ޣ̫ˡСĿĿ˵գ˺һֱۣһ߶عǣ߷ɣʱһ󻶺ȸԾ
糱Уһһᶨ̱ڵأһһա
Ҫʲô
˿һֵضףǰδеľ֡
Ҫʲô
촽Цˬʣѵˣڽеʲôǲݵս
ڣˣ
׵Į
㣬㲻ɱҡҿħڵĺĵӣҪɱңħھԲ㡭
ڷңڵأҿͷһ̡ܹ
һҪʹɱ֣вס


1773 
ڷ㣬Ҫڵأͷ
ײ㱻ĻЦˡ
գ׵ǰһɥ֮ȮֻҪԸ⣬ܹ̾˽
˭룬£Ȼҿڳԣֱǲ֪
һƨħڣһûз
ˣħڵҲ
ħŻӣɵÿԣ
Цһ̧͵һŲյԴϣյȵüŤ
۵ðһоԼԴײȵýѣվҪһغ
ۣ
ѣ۲ʶ̩ɽײ㣬ʹдҸ˰ա
հ˻ơ
κһʿǧԪ磬Ϊһʥߣǳϧ
οħڵ֮ţδǰ;ȻԸʹɥ
Ǻǣ֪ˣЦһмһڡ
ͬʱȫĹڲɵһƬȻ
ļһоʹһͿأģӾͷС
սһӢһܹھȻ˲ԴģǱߡ
ӣǸħڶˡնܹھħҲĺı֡ڣ̰Ϊ˹͵˼ϣΪ˲ˡ
ϯϣοͶչΪмһˣʮֱġ
ɱһаԵĿˣֻΪһСǣһ
ס֣
Ȼһ쳹ȫ
ֽǶ˲䳷һӰ˽Ƕڲ
΢΢תͷǽǶһϡһݾݵġϢжϣһʥĸ֡
ѣڰ֮һɽޣܹ飬һ
һ
Ǻǣ˵žͷţ
ǽеĿȻȻǲݣûлء
˿ûб޵ݸס粽ãԡ
ѣ˵֮䣬ֻǷһСĦȻСĦͲ˴󶯸ɸ꣬˺
׻˵ʶϣһϯǻìܣΣ
޲ĵ
޶ԣϵȴǼӴһЩ
ۡ
ѣֻҪϷңԸ⽫Ҷõܹھܹһ裬ȫãֻܷһ
ŵûɢĻԣʼʩչǮơ
һ裿
ЦһҲǵǮ˵ţҪһŲȱյԴ
ѡ
ʱ޻æǰһһɬؿԸһ裬ֻܹ
޿޵Ķˡ
Ϊ֮սȫһһߵս޽ԾԵնɱס
ûϵȻһ
յ޲ġǣ˽ǶôƱؽӰɽħڵĹϵ
ڽɽ˵һ¡
ԣֻۣ׷Źޡ
ޣҲӣʵ̫ˣħڵŻңҪǷֻ»
Цһ
ġ
ѣֻҪңҾԲᱨ㡭ҷģҿѪģңħڣд
һѱһᡣ
ǺǣʲôľͲˡֻҪԼ˵Ļ㹻ˡ׵ĮһЦɿ˲յĽš
лѵĲɱ֮
дϲҧ֧ϵس׹ֵлǸǫģĶаӢţ
ٷϻǮ׿ö࿴һۣ̯쵽յǰ
ãúá
ջæӻͳһǬصݸס
һԵ޻£һʱ䣬ҲǬÿһǬУװŲ಻ǡһ衣
ǺǣҪȥȾƳԲˣ㻹𣿡üͷЦеؿա
ûûѾ״ˣĶԣ
ǡ
׳޹˹֣ǵسؾĽǶڴȥ
Сһһǣ׵֣һҸģ
һ﾿ʲôȻҹȻħڣĪǺߴĵӣ
СͣȻħɽҪǮţ壡
ӵļƣƺħɽĴԲһƲ磡
ϯϵǧοͣȫһզྪд׵ʵݡ


1774 鳽
գ㻹ðգһеؿա
̷˼ö鵤ҩأϥʼʼն壬Ĭöû˵
ʦ֡
ʦ֡
ʱٸħڵĵӣ׷׳˽Ƕ룬˵ոһ꺮ů
ǧСӣҲŹģ
ҲĵϸҪʬΣ
նݺݵ仰˵Ĳ£߳˽Ƕ
վԭأһ뿪ıӰҡҡͷЦգȻģѵǸܵļһԷͬСô
׵֮Ужϳȫûнħڸ
׻ܣҪƾħڵնɱףֿԵΪ
Ƕ֮⡣
˵Ĵӵ£ǱشӴ˳ΧοȫͶЦζ
ոоâڱں޲һطȥ
ʦ֣ǻȥ¥칦𣿡
ħڵһʵ
žһ˦ֳ˵һƣ˶ĵʹգһίա
ѾΪʧ֮ЦˣĶٰʲôƨ칦磿
ҧгݡ
ಣ
Ȼһ۵ϵһ˵ǰ
ʦʦ壿
̧ͷһˣʱ˫Ŵʼ
ħڵˣħڵĵӣ䣬Թ͵ܹҡβ
ϵһŭѵգǺɸֵζ
ʦ壬ҡҡյʹͷһʱԶԡ
ʦ壬Ǹһʵ̫ˣȻŻ˵ħиһĲֵħڵҲм
ʦ壬һҪʦֻع
չϵܺõʦֵܣ׷׳ϵձѩޣħһ档
ţȻ˸ʧ֮ؿڳԣȫħڸǳıӵˡ
Ȼȥͽ
ϵ̾Ϣһ˰֡
ǡ
ǡ
һʦֵܣҪ̧뿪ȻӰƱ˵ϵǰ
ৡ
ʱϵ͵תͷˡ
һҲŲһ٣һɲԤС
ǣ
ϵ΢΢ˣһ͵ߣһϢۻˣϵΪ龳쾳ĸ֣һ۾жϳ˵ʵԲԼ֮£龳ĸ֡
ǺǣڹĹɣǻʮ
ʮ¶һưϵһЦ
īվһԣؿϵһˣ˸оĵ׷
ĹɵĻʮ
ԣϵ΢΢һƬ̲ɵȻһָŻʮһզྪǴ˵йĹɵˣ
ʮĴȻ伣Ѿãǣ׹ҿ֪Ľ뻯һʦ
꣬Ϊд轣ֻħڣλ֮ȫˣǸʱδ龳磬ֻһ
˵ɾ޷ۣܸ֮ѪħڵҹӴ֮󣬱伣ˣû뵽ٶˣҾȻʧּ֮ˡ
ϵ˵ǻʮʱһľ
Ҫ֪ʮڽĳԣѾ˵ħŲٵĽţ㵥ǹƥɱħڣλʦ֮󣬰Ȼɽڵʱһʱ䶯
ǣʮ÷ص˵ͷϵû뵽ǰϵȻʶԼ
鳽
ϵ˹֡
Ǻǣѵܹʶңұһ顣ʮһЦҴ˷ɽһǰѪħڣնɱҹңѪħڳ׻𣡡
ӽ컯ɾУҲûѪħˡ
ʮƽƺ˵һϡƽ顣
ʲôѪħڵҹնɱˣ
ңѪħҲˣ
鳽Ȼһӿ
Ѫħڵҹһ龳֣û뵽ȻʮնɱˡңʮѪħڸˡ
ʵ
Ǻǣ˵ħܴǰһšһŰݷãúһ
ʮһת
鳽ʱɫһ䣬һ㵵ضŻʮϣħڿûе㣬ΪʲôÿγأҪħҰ
Ļʮܹնɱҹ龳֣佣ڻþɱħڣ롣
ûе
ʱһֱĬīЦһҸղŻ˵ҪǵʦֶأѵҶˣ


1775 ѩħ
յСӣǵʦֶ
鳽ɵʧͷ৶䡣
ûϵ׾Ȼǻʮʦֶ
鳽ħڵɱףձѩޡһ˵ڹĹɵţʱϢģˡ
ϣ˵ЦˣҪ֪ǵʦֶùĹɵţôҴأ
հܸǼˣûдĵҴһҪǵʦֶѧϰء
鳽Цݣֺõ˵
īһһ
ʮֿ¶һưٺ٣˵̣һʮһҪȥħںúֽһ
ãáħһʢϯϡ鳽ɫһЦʮǿ
ߡ
ʮö࿴鳽һۣī𣬼䣬ʧȺ֮С
ŻʮīʧӰ鳽޺޵ҧŭһڣޣʲô⡭
ʦ壬ħڣʲôʱ¹ˣѵΪʮļ仰Ҫùˣ
һҪұѩް
һƲ鳽֡
סڣ
ģ˴
ĹȻǳأͽǹĹɼֲԲСħȻԽԽ󣬵ȫΪһʱ֮Ĺɣ
ţٶĿԣٶĲʣҲȥҪ֪ͼҽʦš
鳽͵һ˦䣬ŭؿ뿪
һſڣ۵һӿһ̲Ѫֱ¡
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ħڵĵӷ׷ǰһĿ¶С

СĻص¥ʱ¥ܣڡѩħڡġﳤϡɵôһ
㡭ôˣﳤһضס
յ²ŶԣȻûһص¥
ţ
ôﳤϣ̽ͷһһ¥õüͷΪʲôǵľƲ˸ˣԸǸһòŶõʱ䣡
䣬¥ĵС빫£ȫɴһ˫ţۣǿŹһס
׵Ŀƺȡʤ
ѣĪսʤգ
Щţɡ
ʼһƵᣬʲôֵ𣿡
СɵɫһһʱЦá
Ǹ
΢΢һȷӦ֮󣬻æСģλ¥룬˸׼ϺõľƲˣǷģⵥȫ⣡
˵ţԵĵСߺһСȥ
⻹ࡣ
СһЦǵ¥һᡣ
С¥֮󣬵Сĵشյ˹µǰ´ˣСӻգ˴ħڿ϶㽫ȾƳ᲻е㲻ʣ
ԣ²ɵЦһСӲֻа벽ʥľΪȻܹսʤգҲ࣬δؾħڡ
˵ˣұѩħʲôʱֵħָֻˣ
һ˵
СҶԣһ·С¥׼õƼȳȥ
СڰƼȣѵ徲
壬ġ־һоͽյħȭˣСһڹƣЦⰻȻ
׶žƱˬʴЦղֻԪ۷徳磬ԸҸò㾡ȫĻȫһԽջɱ
׾Ͷ֮䣬¶һǿġ
ǣ㽫մһϢħڻ鷳
ң㻹թǶ裬վԲưոݵģ
СԥƬ̣૵
ˮڣħء˿Ϊ⡣
ҿǻīһա
СƲƲ죬
Ʋ֮СйһȦص˶
ǰʮī˾;ԴӸԵĶзӶһЦؿס
λǰʲô𣿡ͷоЩ֡
ٺ٣СӣǵĶõ͵˼ոնܹھûãͽλǳ˷ͷ
ʮһЦ
ԣײɵڨڨһЦû뵽ʲô鶼λǰ
īһЦǰһ壬ģѾȴ˺֮ǣħھԲ鷳
Ŷ
ǰһ
𣿡С־ϲЦѯʾ
£īһһʮؽľ֪Сס
лΪҳ棬¸м
˵ǻʮ׻ìܣع
УʮΪ˱ȫףѳΪĹɵĵӣͽħڵĳޣתƵ˹Ĺɣò˵Ĺɵܴ
޷
ʮʮִİ˰֣ǽħʮӣҲǹĹɵ鷳
СЦزħھҪҹĹɵ鷳ҲҲǹĹɵĴӪֻ鷳Ŀܣ
䣬ʮī롢˲ɵͷЦ


1776 
ʧ֮ǰ˵ĵ̣Ҳ̫ˣһ¾һ¡
īȻһתף壬˵ҪμӽǶĸ߼£
׵˵ͷ
壬ǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣǺߴжд̡ȻΧشҲҪܵغԼݡ
ĻһòǶĹڣ⣬סϢĻһò˾Ͳµʵݣ
ī뽨
õġ׵˵ͷ䣬ĹƤĤͷһıƬ֮׵ͱøҲøΪ塣
էһȫ޷֮ǰģϵ
壬㻹øĻһ֡
СЦеת˼Ȧ
ұף˫ľһף͸ľˡ
΢΢һЦ
ľֻ֣ǽṹһ仯ǣȴˡ
壬˵թ裬ôҲϼһһ»ʳ
īЦŴȤһ
һƣһӣһǬݸī룬Ǭһ裬㹻λǰĹɵĵѳԵˡ
ã󷽣
īͷһЦڸǰһĹɵĵȫٻ˳ǰ¥Ժȡ
Ĺɵһڵӣ˵ȥԺȣһ˷ܲѡ
СģǸԽ˶ϥȴűյĵ
֮ʡ
ڱĿ񣬺Ȼеһƣ˵ز
ţ
üͷһһӣֱӴͳƣȥֻƲϲ⡣
ֵұˡ΢΢һЦӶ˳
塣
СĸһӶ߳һ۾ͿףʱЦŴǰǵ׵ı䣬Ҳˣ
׵˵ͷ
߰գһͬμӱСЦ
СĴǵسŽǶķɱȥ
һʱ䣬Сģ˽Ƕڴ
ȥֻǶڴųǧοͣѹѹؼһţҪǶۿĹڡ
öο͡ҡͷһЦֲȺ
𼷣𼷡Ͷ̥
ǰ˲ͷתͷ֡
׿ЦãԵСĺȻǰһָԱߵһСţ㿴дŲͨӦÿֱӽ
תͷȥȻ£˾Ϳ첽˲ͨ
վסʾơ
һ۵ߣ̲س
СĵԵƵ˳һ798ţһ796š
߿һСĵƣ˵ͷСĽͨнӹƣдġ798ʱԵ΢΢һ㶣׵ҲΪζ
զˣüͷһ
û£ȥգϾҪʼˡ߻˻֡
üͷƲ˲ͨ
壬ôˣСĺؿס
ƲƲ죬ǶĹ£ƺҵĺرУҲ֪Ϊʲô
Сһ㶡
ˣǻȲμӱա״ǵشͨСĽ˱ս
սһڲͷܶа˰ˣȻǲμӸ߼µĲߡ
ڱսһߵǽϣһսбдŵһ̭Ķս
ϧûпҵʦ֡
СĵĿ⣬ڰ˰ٶѡֵһɨһźƲƲ졣
ܸûʧ֮ء
׵Į
ܣǱȽģ˿ԴĿˣҪСͬʦõԵʣͺݺݵؽѵһˡ
С㿴Ķ124Ųѡ֡׵Ŀڶսһɨʱҵ696ѡֵĶ֡
Ķ006ѡ֣
СĿһ۶ɵüͷһ֣²˵ǵĶ˳򣬶йɵôΪʲôĶ֣006ţ
СĵĿڶɨһȦܿͷһɣ˫ǡ820ǰպβ֮ͣŶ˳
ǣ׵Ķ֣Ȼ006ţȫϹɡ
ˣҸں˭һƣһĴݡ
СһЦ˵ͷ
֮£СĻЩСŵġȻСΪĹɵĽţս˴СĵĶ֣ʥĸ֣ݲð

Ȼһ´ǵز˱սֳһͭ࣬õ졣
սİ˰ٶŲѡ֣ȫѭȥ
Ѿλѡ֣ȫ³
£˰ѡ֣׷Ŵһȥ
һǣʱһڣдŶĺ롣ÿһѡ֣Լĺ룬Ŷӽ
Сڵ
٣Сӣҿǰ˵ѡ֣ڱѩħڵġﰲᡯ
Ȱ㣬ֱȨգñҸ˺Ƭ
ߵͿڣ׼ʱһߵ׳ǶڴʱɵЦ¶һĨɶЦݡ
ʲôǰ˵ѡ֣
СһɵΪ֮һʵΪʲô006ѡ֣ǰ˵ӣ
ڱѩħڵġﰲᡯСĵĻתͷɵǰһӻͳһͮͮСݸСģŶƯС椣ϲ͡ȻôƯҾ㡣
Ƕǰʮλ룬ǰڶʮѡ֣ǰŵĵӡ
ȻеװƯС椣ҿܹھʵŶ
ﰲȻǸ׶ߵ׳˵ᣬһСݵСĵǰһɫеı顣
СҪŻµĸо
ӣȻϴ鷳ˡȰ㻹ԶȨգĻٺ١
Сζһڣһ˸Сƾʧ١


1777 ﰲ
ȨңһЦ
ﰲЦһΪɨ˵ؽеСƬͷתͷߴٵСӣϽ볡գһʮϢʱ䣬ɱ
˵ţ̤ڡ
׵ĮһЦ̧׼봫ͿڡȻĿһ˲ԶһϤӰ
Զĵطһ꣬ɫĮز˴ڣת˲ʧ١
صļһ
һҪսȻȥı
׶ڳǳ棬ܾóŲɸ˵ܣսپʡʱۿı
һˣ׵˴Ϳڡ
ӡ
ǰһ㱣ţ׾Ͳһؾ֮Уؾڲһƽԭȥݴïʢһࡣ
ʱ˿̣ߵ׳ﰲᡱѾվƽԭϣ˫ֱأ׵ĵ
ˮ
̧ͷգˮÿһˮԣת
ӣĹڣͨˮսġ
΢΢һЦжϡ
Сӣգ
Ȼһƽը죬ﰲǿҰʨһס
⹫ﰲᣬʥ켶ĸ֡ΪӣʵС
ŷ˶Ĺﰲᣬ׷ǵ㲻Ÿһ٣˺Աһӭȥ
ϣϣ
׵ϣħƽצƾճ֣˫֮ϣɢŰɫĹ
飡飡飡飡飡
ﰲǿһⲫ˫ȭ趯÷ɿ죬ÿһȭ̺ſֲԪʥһȭ𵴣鱬졣
ϧﰲȭͷȻѸޱȣ̤ӡףӰܣƹһ
ƾﰲδû׵һ½ǡ
ɶСӵù죡ҵȭͷȻȫˣ
˵ʱʱ죬̶̵һɲǣﰲͺϰȭȻϰȭȴȫա
ﰲڴϢԷŻȴΪ衣
ʱ
ಣ
׵Ӱ˹ﰲᣬգ۾ʹһצܲ͸磬ɱȻ

ﰲ¶һĨЦݣ͵ػȭǰ
ͣͣ
̶ֻ˺ﰲֻؿһۣڴСѪ˺˿ѪشѪڿӿ
أȥ
ﰲʹҺеȭͷ
飡飡
ﰲȭͷƫк׵Сϣ鱬졣
ٺ٣ɣ
ﰲһ֣ʱϲЦտȭֻҪУԺκһԪʥߵĵռ䡣
Ȼһ̣ﰲɫһ䣬㵵ط׾ͺûһ˿
˼ҵǣƷʥȭӲ
ĮһЦ˫צ͵һӣֱץס˹ﰲ˫磬ûȹﰲᷴӦ͵һ
ͣͣ
ﰲ׳ı۰򣬾ͱ˺
ѪӿĿġ
ҵֱۡ
ﰲҺ۵ش
һ֣ϣ͵һߣϥֱֹﰲԴǿֱӽߵĹﰲ˵ϣȫá
䣬ѡһ
Ŀ䣬Į
ң䡭
ﰲͷ亹ˢˢ䣬һľɥ
£Ҫǲ䣬׵ħƽצ̾ͻϯ£Դ
006Ųѡ䣬698ѡʤ
ʱһɤ쳹ؾ
ȻǽǶ췽˾о
׷һħƽצڣȻЦ첽ؾĳȥ
ȵȡ
Ȼﰲͺһ
㻹𣿡΢΢ƫͷ
Ҳ
ﰲҧû뵽һʥߣȻӵ˿ֲǣԣˡ
Ҹղչʾʵֻҵһ롣ɱﵣûչ¶Ҳģ
ﰲһûڡ
ǱѾˡ׵ĮһЦ
֪ҲҪı
ﰲֻҪٸһιƽĻᣬǵϵҶԸ㣡
ҪǾôһʥҽɨأҾԼһ
ﰲ
ǺǣΪʲôҪ᣿ЦһһЦ
Ը⸶ʮΪֻ꣬Ҫٸһλᡣ
ﰲƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷҧ˵
ʮ裬һ׹ƽĻᣬǹﰲ˺ܴľĲľ
˭룬ȴζһЦҡҡͷң֮ûбҪٽеڶˡ
˵ֻһսңֻɵսˣ
㻹ǲԹעҽı
Цһǵ߳ؾ
ʲʲô
ֻǶɵ
ﰲ΢΢һأЩԼĶ䡣
ֱ׵ӰȫԼʧﰲ᷽ҡҡͷܣһֻԪ磬ôֻսͻң
϶ſڿӣһ
ﰲһ
Ǳǰ׵λģû뵽ȴڵһ־Ͳ̭ңǰһʥУ
һصѩħں󣬿϶ҪΪ˿еЦûˡ
ﰲӿ޾İû
ಣ
߳ؾǵشӱս˳ŽǶĹȥ


1778 
ܿ죬׾˹ϯڡ
վס
ſڴվһȫװīףɱڡ⻹һ۵Ĺһ̴ľϣյһˮű
ۿҪʮ衣
һ
ǲѡ֡һͳһƣǰ
ʱ̴ľϵ۹̧ͷһף̲˱ѡ֣ҪۿеĹһҪ볡ѡ
üͷһЩˣ˼ʧˣӮ˵һ
۳Ŀһض࿴׼ָۣһԵĲڣȻӮ˱ͿڱսѡһϢңϢѵˮۿ
Ϣң
׾һ׼ԭ·أѰϢҡ
׸ձͣس˳ûй۲쵽ĶϢң㣬ŷԼ
塣
ȻûײͨһϤɤʹԺ
תͷһ۵īӹǷɱ첽׵ǰһЦѺʮ裬׬˶٣
üͷһʵ٣
빫ﰲ17һ׬裡īһЦ
Բɵһզࡣ
û뵽ԼôߣҲǣԼֻһԪʥϵĶǰѡ֣һʥ֣Ȼߡ
Ѻע޶𣿡һæʵ
ī˵ͷÿ˵Ѻע಻ܳһ裬ⲻʲô⣬ȫԶмѺעĹɵʮʿǷǳõѡ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷãҸһǧ裬һѺӮ
˵ţӻͳһǬݸī롣ǬУװǧ衣
û⡣
壬Ϊ㲻ʵȥһαܲӮþһ㣿īӹ׵ǬЦеؽ
ڹڲׯҿ˶̣īѺעһ˵Խǿѡ֣ĿԾԽͣԣҲܵ͡
ױֵ̫ǿƣôܿ׵ʾͻȥ׬̫Ǯ
Ҿա
ҡͷһЦ˵ͷ
īһЦǵسŹȥ
׸ī룬мǹųСģǵ˲ͨܿ죬˱ս
ڱսڲʱһţд֡Ϣҡ
ſվһǹͦ

׳ƣһͳһˮͷȶһ׵ƺ룬ȷ󣬳׵˵ͷ
׵ǵزϢҡ
ϢڲһŽŵķ䣬ʱѾǵļŰϹƣѾ˽˱˷Ϣ
ţ
ƺ롭
ĿһɨȻһ˫һƺ룬655ţⲻǸƺô
ҡͷһЦһȻеһǿ󣬾Ȼô̵ʱڣͽսϧҵıͬʱУûа취йսˡ
ź飬һ䣬ڲж죬ȻһټĹ㳡ڲСˮ뵣ܶǿĽƣԳܲѡκεؼ
׽ԼƹڷŰϣ˦ֹ˷ţ첽˹㳡
ڹ㳡룬ԼĪ׸ߵĵطһˮ
һˮʱ׵֮СȥˮŶ
ֻҪᴥˮѡһܹۿ
ȻˣѾı޷йۿˡ
Ŀһɨڶҵ696Сĵıδ˽ȥ
ʱˮһ󲨹תһֳ̣Ļͳ׵ǰ
ˮУСϵһʥ֣ͬһŮˣһϮƤ£磬ʹһɫŵƤޣһͲöԸ
žžžž
ˮвϴƤըÿһö׵ң׽ˮĻоۿСĵıԼҪš
ƤŮ˵£СĽڽڰˣ֮£ֻǿд߶ˡСǧ󡱣аƤŮ˸˽֮С
ţ㳹ʧȥаƤŮˣǿһͱСǧɱñˣġ
԰սᡣ
̫ˣСӮˣ˷ܵػһȭͷ
򿪷ţ첽űսȥ
һСܷشؾ˳Ц⡣
Сġ׺һ


1779 
壡
СЦе׵ǰҫôұֵûɣ
͵ص˵ͷɵúܰ
˵ţǣСС֣Ϣȥ
Сģ֮ҪʼһֱҪ̫أƱؽӰı
׹е
û¡
Сľǿ˵ţܵһֵָѪڣһЩеĵطѪⷭתѪĿġ
ãжˡһСĵѪʱһСĴϢңϷţҪСˡ
жˣСʤϲУûвʲôʣѣŶȻɵл
£Ҹһ¡
׵
СĹɵ
˫ִСıһ̽Сĵڣһ׾³һжϣһֹܹѪҺ̵Ķأж޷ⶾʧѪԽԽ࣬ջΪʧѪ
һϾ
ССһһס
ǸǺãСһؿס
׽üԿ˵ţſҧָͷƳһﴮıѪ
ɫıѪ׵ָӿ˳ִСļϵһѪڴ
飬顭
ĿѪɿشѪڴӿ׵ָ棬ܿ찵ɫıѪѪҺ֮У׵Ĵ߶£СĵѪ֮С

׵ıѪӿԼѪСĲɵƺһоȫȣˮ乡
ˣ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬׺Ȼǰһϲ
СĵͷȥԼϵѪڣڰɫѪˮ޸УѾɿؽ裬˶ѪҲ𽥻ָɫ
׵ıʮĹеһŽ壬Ѫ繯Ѫǰٶ֣СڵĶأνҩ
СģϵһѪѾ޸ˣ
׿һСȫµļʮѪڣһϾسĿǰǳΣգûд˿ڣʧѪԽԽ졣ҪǲƣпܽΪʧѪ
Ȼ˵СԪ۷徳ʿѪ㣬ǣȫ¼ʮ˿ȪһкڵѪҲס
ǡСıܵصͷЩԥ
Сϵ˿ڣǣм˿СĵвλһδµŮ˵һѪյǰչ¶ԼвλǼ߳ܵ顣
һʱµСеǣͺȵСģ죬ͲҪٺ˼ˡұ۾ˣô
һĽš
ɲϣؿСɥ
áðɡСıݽҧƬ̣ڵ˵ͷӦ
Ͻ·˰ա״ߴٵ
ңҡ
Сɫһһ˫ˮ˫ƺҪˮ
㣬ĥˡ׼ȹϵϡ
СĵʹͷߺЩ֪롣
ǰ½һ˿ңСζȻ˵СĶкøУΪһδµŮʼǲ
鷳
̾ϢһӱٻһƬʮ׷ԲĻԣԴ䣬˹㳡ϵĲݴС
ǵˡһСĵ֣ײײ뻨ԣ³ᣬСһ˿һĻᡣ
лԸڵʲôװģҾԲɢʶ͵ġҿԷģҪĻ׺䣬ú
Сü΢ƺǳþᣬƬ̺ͷӦ׵飬ɵ
һߣСԶмïʢĻԣ˴ˡ˵ĻУֻܹԷ΢ĺ
ѰաһһٵĪҲЩ
СĿʼ׾ؿ½Ϊ˲ǷǵСĿ½ʱ򣬶ỺһӺ󣬲ϸҺˡ
׵ָ̽ԣСĵķ
ΪлײСľλãһ֣ʹ˲ôĶֻоһ׶ʱһ£εɿ֣֧֧ؽ͵ҡҲġ
СߺֹסزţؿڵС¹һҪ˳
ûûϵ
ΣСķɤػشһ䡣
Ҽˡ
̽ͣ˰Уλðա
СĹɵһǣ׵Ĵ׳Ĵ֣Ŀĵ˿ϡ
׸о˿ڴѪҡҡͷ˦Ժ컵ͷʼרעظСβˡ
ȻĵĻ㣬ָ˽ۻƤΪһѪյˣ鲻ԽЩԳ


1780 
һ죬׵Ϥĺǻ£СڵĶȫųɾ԰ֽСҲúࡣ
СĻһ׷ɫװӻ˳
׽վĬظСĵ
һʱʮΡ
壬㡭ԺҺ𣿡СĺȻ̧ͷ˫ضףѯʵ
СɵϣҵȻõģһġˬһЦڴ
ֻǡֻ𣿡
Сûɵļһۣ׵ʹȻҪһĳ嶯
ѾǴֲĴ֣СĽϵÿһ缡Ȼ˵ҪСĵԼã
һ¹ޣ
ǡҿԽָ𣿡
СȻвʣҲֻ޿κεؽʵϾк֪ܶҪŵס
˵ˣСĳɹ׵ģСزǿĶֵأ
Сףϲ׵һĸ֮·վƽ̹
ɵϣȻ԰װСĵԴ
СģڵĶȻѾųɾˡǣڵʷǳҪϽС
ҪıͲҪˡ
һеؽ
УԲССҡԴѵóһΣԱɽ̸·Ӣ۵ĸУ˵ͷ
СһƶƾȰ˵أԲȨ
֮£ֻÿЦһСĵԣһٻһȪݸСġ
мʱ䣬Ҫץˡ׵
õġ
СĴ׵нӹȪǳǳһЦ˫нشϢ

ܿ죬Ȫо͵һŨСĵСȫµë׶鲻Խſ
ؿһСģ漴Ҳ˫
һʱ䣬ײûһƬ̲ͣǾſԼԴԼ˼ڵط
ܿ죬ֹȥʱ䣬ڶֱʼ
Сģָôˣ׹еʵ
á
СһЦȪĸһָúܿ죬Ȼֻʱ䣬Һѳ׻ָϾɱﵣСǧ󣬾ǴҲûйϵ
װظһСĵԴСģ֪ԸǿײԸͷǣһҪǲж֣䣬ҪǿĻ㻹ܹ֪𣿡
šСĹɵص˵ͷؿףƬ̺ߺС׾صͷ

һӣһεϯֱӽˮ֮С
ʱ˿̣ˮѾչʾ˵ڶֵĶңÿһʣҲʾ˳
ĿһɨͿСҪԵĶ֡
Сģһһ壬һֵĶֲǿлʤЦ
ŶСľһ
ԪʥμӸ߼£ͨ˵Ԫʥʶǳߣһʾһߡֻһһ壬ֲǿ
׷
С΢΢һЦЦݣػһ·ȭƺڸԼ͹ľ
ף
ָ磬ʺøߣȻһȾţ
ȻСǿʲôһ㵵ضˮϵĶ
ҵĶ003š
ҡͷһЦ˵ǰʮλĺ룬ǰѡ֣һҶĹﰲӣû뵽ҵڶĶ־Ȼӣ
ָ磬ҪСĲǣ
Сü΢еǣǶô£Ϊʲôÿһθ㰲ŵĶ֣˱̬
ǺǣҰŵĵԽԽãĻһӮˣʾͻܸߡ
һƣҿǸīǰһǧ裬׼һִ׬һѵģ
ʲô
һǧ裿
СȻһȻоһѣ
һǧ裬ҪȫѺ׵ϣһӮˣһȾŵʣӮǧ裡
һʲô
¾ǺĵشߴҲ˵óóġ
ˣˡ
ʱСеƣ
СվϢҵĴţǵسűսؾڴȥ
ʱϢвٵĲѡ½˳
ÿÿ
ù·
ȻСĵ󣬴һͷĴߴתͷ󣬷ʿӵһӳķˡ
ˣ°ͣһĿ˵ļơ
ͨԵĲѡ֣׷ױÿͣ
СĶһɵһйһ֮ԵĻӣ



1781 ѩ
ΧһްԣǸ𾳽ĸ֣龳ĸ־ͳʮͽǳ
ΪĹӸ磬ǺŽԿ׳Ĺˡ
ڰ˴϶ɵİˣҲԺ޹˼ɵغаԵûһ
ӵĻӣ
Сķ߷߲ѣںаԵĻûһ˿һĺøС
ЦһǣСĵ֣˿վԭء
ʲôù
׶ʱŭδҲ̫ˣµצȻСĳΪԲܹܵķ롣
ι˵أùϽҹ
һǻӷˣǿͷԵˣ
һֵ׳ǰ־ҪСġ
ǣ
˭룬һ֣׳Ĵ־ͱ׸סˣһֹһ죬Ҫѿ
֣֣ˡ
׳໲Һ
ಣಣಣ
ͬʱʿ׷׳ǰͳ˸ԵıһɱڵؽСĸΧ£У׼ΧŹСġ
Ӵԭ⵰
ӲⲽǰбһСģɵЦһҡͷԵسҼǵһؿ߱סû뵽ǾȻҲˣ˳˵ڶ֡
ϧԶܽǰʮֻҵʯ
ӵԽб
ɿ׳󣬶ŻӵĮһЦҿɲĳЩŽԿ׳ĹӸ磬һЩпõ廨ͷϣҵȭԴݻһУǮֻװġ
Сӣ
ȻҸǻӶ죡
ӵ߸£Ҫ֣ѵס
ս˽ԶŹĻҪȡʸѵ뱻𣿡СĽһ
ʱСϸĶĲ֪֮⣬ѡ֮䷢κƵ
Ҫֵ߸׳ȫͣߺ޵ضСġ
Ǻǣֹƨ涨Ա𣿡
һЦһ£Ҫ¶֡
ӣҵĶص㡣
ȻһĮɤ쳹ͨ
ৡ
˷׷ѭȥ
ֻڱԶһϢУ߳һȫɫе꣬ߵʱȫûͺƯһ
ֵһǣ߳ʱ򣬿Ȼñ̹ǣ˱˪ѩԭ֮ϡ
ǡѩӡ˹
תͷһˣһЦԵ÷ǳ飬˹ҵѣּˡ
˹ĮؿŻӣҡͷһЦӣǺɣ
˹ô˵ɾ̫ҵˡһʢᣬǿһͬɱǰʮȻûн֣Ҳˡ
һơ
˹һüһʢᣬֻ˵һһҪεͷ
Цһƣúúãϣǻлύ֣һϸ¡
˹һЦ
ȽҵĶָˣҿɲϣҵĶ֣ΪĹϵӰҵ˹ףһƣĺǡ698ǳĿ
Ŷ
΢΢һһؿһףˬʴЦû뵽ȻڶֵĶ֣̫ˡ
һ٣ص˹֪һҿѺǧ裡
ϧ̫ˣҲӮİ裬Ҳʤˡ
ЦŰ˰֣ԭΧ£СΧ߸׳׷˱ܿ
˹ûӣ߳ͨ
˹ԶһģƲƲ죬Щһ
߰ա
ǣСĵ֣ͨȥ
ָ磬һҪԵĵˣƺǳǿһ߼µĵСĸܵѩӡ˹Ϣɱ֮󣬲ɵս׵֡
ǿ󣿺ǺǣôûпһЦ
׷絭ģСĶʱתͷƳһۻӣ֮顣
һȻڰ˹Ѻǧ裬Ǵֱʣ
ǧ裬ƺҪˮƯˡ
Ϊ׵Ŀֲǻܹģһ̽Ҳܻ䡣
һ뵽ʹӣСĵʱͱ泩
ܿ죬˾˸Եؾڡ
СģΪϣܹӮ׳С΢΢һЦ
һġСĵƤգգ۾ָ磬ĶַǳǿǧҪİ
׵ͷ󲽽ؾڡ


1782 ˹
ǶڲһУˮڲŸεıͬʱڴһǽϣһĻһЩ̵Ϣϵѭš
ɽļλϻһãĿ⾼عעŶ̵Ϣ
ǿڶֱУͶעı698ѡ003Ű˹ı
һһĳ
ڳһڵһʱϳʵڽɽġޡͬʱҲǽǶĸ߼֮һ
ʮ£ȫĿ⾼ؿȥ
698ѡ003Ű˹ıܹͶעΪǧ衣޽ܵУѺ698ѡӮܹǧٶ衣Ѻ003Ű˹Ӯܹǧٶ裡
޽ܵ
˹Ǳӣһʢĸ߼£ն˵̽λãһٶ˵˹ʵͻͽһ£ϣεͷ
ڱѩħڵİ˹ųƱѩӣʵǷȻ˹ʷǳͣȻиĹڣеĳ룬Ѻ˰˹ϣ
ҾѺ698ѡϵĳҲ٣ǧٶ裡698ѡʲôͷȻܹôĳ롣
еһЩ£۷׷ס
һʿɣһޣһЦ͵ظλڰ˹ʵûʲôɣܹǧٶ裬ǼΪ෴λ698ѡܹǧٶ裬ƺеǳ档
ԣڳһڹ£ȫΪȻص˵ͷ
յϣ698ѡ֣Լǡľһ벽ʥʿ޵ƾľΪѩӰ˹սΨ·һûаȡʤĿԡ
ǣڲ֮ǰһ顣һʱǷ꣬شҶš
΢΢һЦ
ʲô飿ڳĹȫؿޡ
ǵͽµܹھգһͬΪԪļһɻˣشҶ˵գ
Ц
񴫵Ƿ꣬˾֪ȻҲ˵ˡû뵽Ȼĸ֣ҪյļһܹμӵͽµĻôܹھͷΣͲˡ
տǴӺüѡӱܹھȻһͬʿɻܣ飬δҲ̫ˡ
յļһ᲻ԼΪʵһʥ֣
ڳĹۿˣǰʱյǳ档
һЦλҵǸյļһΪȰնɱգ
ڳĹȫһøӵĿ⿴ޡ
˵ǿܻоϡ档
ɤ֣µǸɻյʥμ˸߼£ң698ţ
ľļһڱʱйһ֮Ե֮վһսʱһϳˡ
ȻΪ˶ĿıԼòϢȴ޷ı䣡
ζһЦ

䣬ɽһڹ£ȫΪ֮Ȼһզྪ
ʲô698ţɻյ
һıߣֻа벽ʥ磬ǲμӵͽȫɶڣҪμӸ߼£ʥĶֽжս
˼˼кܶĹڣɻյİ벽ʥе棡
һզп
ľÿһֵĶ֣԰ŵġΪ˲ԳľĵϸҸŵĵһֶ֣006ŵĹﰲᣡ
ùﰲúýѵһľճһڶ
һЦҾȵǣ߼µѡ֣Ȼľˣ
ľӹﰲ᣿
һļһȻﰲѡֶܻܣҪ֪ﰲʥְ
һȻֻа벽ʥ磬ʵսȻ걬ʥˡѹôڻὫѺľϡ
˰ͷױľʵˡ
Ϊľľһ̧ߣҿǻ˺ܶ˼
һЦڵڶֱʼ֮ǰҾͰɢϢ698ľ¶˳
ڵ֪698ľɻյʱǣľʵʵǳ档
ȻֽľһֻӹﰲϢдӣǳը˹
ÿһڣڲľļᵽһʲôĵزϾֻа벽ʥ磬ȴܹսʤﰲʥ֣˵ܹһ漣һսʤӰ˹
һЦҽľ밬˹ʣһȾš˸ߵʣش̼ÿһͽֻҪľܹ漣һٻܱѩӡ˹ÿһѺľӮĹڣܹþűĸ߰ر


1783 ѩƽԭ
ÿһ¶΢΢ľ̾޵ֶθ߳Ҫ޽ӶƣҲǧٶĳ룬Ѻ698šľϡ
ޣôƱð˹Ӯñඣ
һ΢΢һЦʵ
޵˵ͷٺһЦȻѺڰ˹ϵĳǧٶ裬ǣľ밬˹һȾţԣǰ˹ӮñôֻҪ⸶ˡǣȴӮǧٶ裡ﵽһǧ˰ٶ裡
ԣڳ߰˸£ȫǰһһϲЦտ
ǰ˹ľһֱܹ׬ȡһǧ˰ٶ裬֪Ƕ֮󣬲ٿض̵ġɽܹܹ׬ȡô޶
ǣһľӮ˱أ
ȻһֵĹһȾţǰ˹˱ôǾҪ⸶ڽ裬ȴֻӮǧٶ裡ܵ˵Ҫһǧ裡
䣬ȫһһɫϾӿ졣
һǧ裬ǽɽĺ壬Ҳ˵óóġ
ʵϣһǧ裬ֵϽɽüĻ
ǲС˱Ǻ룡
ԲɶϷ
ڳһڹµĵ֮ɫ޵һЦһɵλⳡϣǸŸ߷աһ㣬ҾͲøǿˡ
ֻҪѴңľҲֻһ벽ʥʥˡĶְ˹ʥ֣һ̽ڵĴţ
һʥҪսʤ˹ǲܵ飡
޻һתζһЦο˹ľսҲúõģǶ԰˹ġѩƽԭڱѩƽԭϣǧѩƮŶëѩ֮£˹սɣ
ľҪսʤ˹ûһ˿һĻᣡ
޴һָƺһжʤȯա
ãáޣ¾ǿף
ѹƿذʢĽǶûпˡ
Ǿ׬Ǯա
ڳһڹ£ȫЦⰻȻһ裬Ŀ۽ڰ˹ľıϡ

ײؾڴһĺʱƤ̹ⷢǡ
䡣
ױܵضһ£ܿͻָ
ΪĹʮеһĴڣŽʣԲһ㺮ܹܵġ
ȥһƬߵıѩƽԭνǧѩƮ䣬ͺ˼֮ء
׿һ۰˹վһɽۣ֮ףͺһͷԱ˷
ûɵظоһ
ò˵˹񣬱ɽҰı˪ҪΪ䳹ǡ
СӣұѩӴӲɱ֮ʲô֣
Ȼվڱɽ֮۵İ˹Ʈɢڿ͵ĺУ϶ȴƼ⵶һ˵ĶĤ˸оһۡ
ľһƣٿڿն˰УĮű˪Ӱ˹
ײϲӱˡ
Ҳɱ㣬Ͻա˹΢΢ҡͷ־ļһ޷ҵս
ЩһͷӸ߿Ե
ģΪʲô˵ѡֶһµһ̬
ͶҪһ·һʴģ
ȣ
÷ϻ͵ظ£һӰ˰˹ͬʱڵļ⣬ȫ

˹͵һšȭס
飡
ֻһ죬˹ֱӱ˳ȥͺһֻߵķݡ
ȣ
ףǿĹ£˳˰˹֮ȵ˱ɽۣ֮˫ȭգЦеضűڵصİ˹
һȭ˰˳
ڣս𣿡Ц
һ˹Ӻı˳Ϸǵûа㱻׺ɵķŭһ˷ܡ
Ǻǣû뵽һ벽ʥСӣȻǿᣬһʱ⣬Ƕˡ
˹˵ЦһսȭͷʱΧ¶ȼ½׿ظܵ˹ɱڡ
ľΪ㣬ҲĶˡ˹΢΢һЦ
νػ˫˫ȣдš
ȣ
ٿأ˹ҲƵس׷˶Ųתʱ׵ǰ߰ӰÿһӰٶȼ죬ۻҡ
ã
һþ˵ٶȣ
һٺ󳷣˫ֻסҪ
䣡
ֻһ죬˹ȭͷ׵Ŀڣһ˺ѷεʹͷ۵ֻ鴤Ҳѩ˼ʮײſסӡ


1784 ˪ս
ʹ죬ʹ죡
ױһȭУϸֳһĨЦ⣬ȫµÿһϸƺ
ȭ
ȫ߶ǣȫκεĻУƾһƣȫս
飡
ʱ˹վһţǽͷåŹһȭӣ𵴣ѩ׷ɡ
͸ˮսڵοͣؿ˹Ӱһڱɽ֮۳ಲ񶷣һڱ֮ɱһֱѩԭ֮ϣͷײеıܣڲҪ໥ɱ
䡭
ಲһӵʱ䣬ֻһıֱӱһšȸ˳ȥ
ͬʱһȭֱӻ˰˹ߡ
飡飡
˼ٺ󳷣˺üףſסӡ
꣬ꡭ
״ڴڵشϢŴžͺưܵĹķһȫµ˺ѵ˿ڣعǡֹǣҲ˺ü
۰˹ҪԺһЩҲѪ٣׵ӡ
ǺǣǣҪʤһսḻ¶пɳ֮
ǽƾҿҪѷһ
촽ĮһЦ
˹ЦҡҡͷǱڰ벽ʥ磬ǾͿȼƷʥǳѵáʥҿ¾Ͳռˡ
˹ųƱѩӣһڴ߶ԪأҲΪ˽ǳĮＫ佾ٻޱˡ
˹ף˵׵ʵеصõ˰˹ء
ǺǣҲҪʥ磬Ϳѹһͷ
׵ĮһЦϸֳһĨζЦ⡣
ǣǡ
˵䣬׶ѷĹͷƤⷭת˿ڣȫڰɫѪҺ޲Уɿ
Ž޸ǳڡ
ȣȻ׵ͺһ͵رһҫ۵Ľ⣬ȫС
ڰ˹㵵ĿУ˵壬˲һ࣬һ׵ľˣȫ¼ⱩͻȥӾ
ͬʱ׵Ƥ֮£ɿسһϽɫۣÿһƬ۶ɢӨӨ⣬Լָ״С׵ȫÿһƤȫУ¶һ԰ɫͫף˸ļµĺ⡣
ʲʲô
һȻܹ
̬ף˹ɵһ󾪺ɫ˲䡣
ͬʱ͸ˮעűοͣҲʧһѪڣšľľ֡
ľϵظ˴ϲɻܵͽµܹھգֻӡﰲᡱ
һ̽ѩӡ˹ⲫоȻҲԿ
˾ǣ£Ȼеûչ¶
Ҫ֪һ벽ʥʥ
Ǻǣ˼Ϊ۷̬ڣǺⲫһգ
Цɫ˫ͫУӹһĨѪĹâ
ãԽԽҹĿ࿴ˡȻˣҲͲٱˡ
˹ֿ죬شЦ˪սף
ֻһͺȣ˹ָʱķĴƺһΧڰ˹

طĵٻ£Զı˪֮ƺܵٻӿ˰˹
ʱѩ׷ɣһɹɺ˳һı˪ϯ׼۾
ǣǡ
һʱ䣬Щİ˹ƾճһɫı˪սסһɫӫ⣬˸䣬ʾΪǿ
˪սô
ЦһҵҪı˪սҵϽ۱׸һ
ŭһһͷŭʨһ˰˹
ɱ
˹Ѫڣȫ׼˶־ֱɱҧ״ӭȥ

ʱһһӰⲫţʽ򵥴ֱȴȭȭ⡣漫侢ʱѪ磬Ѫɵĳ档
˹ףƺԼ̶ͬˣ˭ûжڵƾǾһ¡
¡¡¡¡
һһӰ֮ɱɽӦֱ̮飬׹޾ı֮С
ڴУüʮοͣȫ˹׵ıˡ
ÿһڣ񣬸᲻գһ۾˲Ϣս˽ңһСľʹһʵĳ档
˹ȷʵһ֮š
ʮһЦ¶һڻưҪһأ
īΪȻص˵ͷٺֱЦһܹѺһǧٶ裬ֻҪӮˣǾͿԵõһڶ裡
һڶ谡
ʲôһҹͽһҹ
ī촽ѾȲҪõһڶ⸶ˡ


1785 ȭ
飡飡飡飡
ͣͣͣ
˹ȭͷ׵צعŶԷȻ˭޷ͻƶԷķʹԷˡ
ȣ
߾
һײײ״̬µף˪ս׵İ˹سײһ𣬽ţ־ԵɳȥصسײڱϣӲغҳһεĿ
꣬ꡭ
밬˹ȫϢأһ˫̽ŶԷ״ٿһЦ
Ǻ޷Ʒ
˹һЦҪǶԪա
׵˵ͷҲֻˡĻǾǴҹҲûκε塣
˹Ľõ׵ͬ⣬һЦڵ糱һӿûһ˪
𡭡
˪˻һ𵴣ѡ
һڵı˪֮Ȼܹûһ˪
һƣʾش߶еѪһԵϯ
䡭
ʱһƬѪƾճڱѩƽԭ֮ϣ˵ҡػΣձѡ
һѪÿֲ˹̧ͷǵصѪɫٿȻ䡣
̶ֳȵѪ󣬼ֱǺš
û뵽ײǿѪԪѷɫʥ֣
𡭡
Ȼ׵ٻ֮£޾Ѫ֮Уܿͻûһɳצ
צһΣ˻ʾ˾˵ɱ⡣
ǺǣҪǱвܹЯμսһٻ״̬Ѫɫˣ
ȴֻܹǿѪûһצ
װһ
Ȼ׻ûצɣս״̬µѪɫҪԶˣһȼĴڡ
ȥ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬˹׾͸Դ߶˱˪צ˲пɱ
츳Ѫ˪еĸ߽塣
ǣצȴе壡
츳ѪצȻҪһ
˭һñȹ֪¡
໡
ɲǼ䣬˪צɱһţذضɽҡ
ȭ
˹ȫ٣һһ׷Ӷȥʱ׵ǰ˼ʮӰ
һεľ飬һѧˣֱʩչѰۣһȥ˲˰˹
顭
ȭӰϯ䣬ÿһȭӰЯž˵ı˪֮ˡ
ն
ײʾֵϯһɫĵâȼյĻУȭһ
ܿ죬밬˹ٶɱһòɿ
ȣ
͵һšһ߳Ⱥƴաһն˹ԴûɵУƺҪ˹һ
飡
˹һȭӲ׵ıȣֻһֹӦѡ
ʹ֮£˹ȭڵʯ֮䣬һǱȭֱӻ׵ߡ

ֱӱ˳ȥһ˪֮Ужû˲١
ûᣡ
˹һܶѵۣ˺Ʋӥһף˫ȺĴաһ׵Դɱ
Ǻǣȵľʱ
׵Цһٿظҧʱڵһը˿
䡭
ʱʮѪ׵澭Ҫ׵ű
ȥ
ŭһ㾡ȫغһȭһȭѪк˵ĸоͺƻɽһ

Ŀ˹Һһ˾ͺƿ籩еһƬҶֱӱ˳ȥ
ǣǣ
ƣ˹ı˪սףӦѣ׵˫ȹǣǾ飬ȷ·һû
ۡ
˹صˤɳǧ׿⣬׺ݵײһɽɽʯ֮Уö
ǺǣʮʮѪˣ
촽¶һĨѪȵЦݡ
ͬʱڴУʮοͣȫעض밬˹ľͻȻ󱬷һȭƷ˹˳ȥʹ˹ȹǶѣɵ÷һɽХľ
ţľʲôͷȻ˵Ŀֲһ̽ѩӡ˹һʥˣҾԲģ
ľһǳֲһʱ緢ɻɽһʱй޾΢ע⣬пܱһɱ
ѵѩӡ˹Ҫľ𣿡
Ÿոտʼң˹ûнƸչֳ
ĹڣеʧеҡͷпеĹףеİ̬̾һ㡣


1786 ˪ħ
Ƕһ߼Уɽһڹ£Ŀתضűһ亹ֱŵֱ¡
ޣô£ľЩˣ
ľڶ࣬ǲֻһʥ̫ˣӳпܻսʤѩӰ˹
һģĻ˰˹ǿҪ⸶һǧ谡
Ƕ췽ڽɽһڹ£ȫľҪ޳
ڶµɣ޵һǵͨ죬ͷ
ܡ
ľҲսʤѩӰ˹˹ʥе̳ڱѩƽԭսʵɣľûпܻġ
Ұοţȴ̲סţİ
ޣһʧ֮صľҪǸˣĿͷԣ
һֵĹһһѺ
ģľ϶ûôһĭԴҡһ˹һ

˪ƽԭУսڼ
һ֣˳شѩӰ˹֮󣬰˹ûı˪ƺҲܵӰ죬ȫצѹŷ
գצһٽ˪飬ı˪֮׹ãã޼ʵıѩƽԭ֮С

׶צı൱⣬ͺһ֮ϵצʱû޾Ѫ󣬱׸ջ˱С
飡
ʱıʯİ˹͵һԾӲشǧ׸ߵʯг˳ն
ֵһǣ˹˫ĿУһҡڡ
˫ȵȹǾ飬̶ֳȵƣҪʱڻָǲܵ顣˵ˣҲ˹˵Ļᡣ
СӣʲôؼҲ̫ͻȻˣ̫ˣ˹ͺһӿ˴ı˪ֱӽ˹ͷ˫ȸ
ڱ״̬£˹˫ȺܿľˣٸеһĴ̹ǵʹ⣬ҲڳѪ״
ԴؼѪ׵һЦ
ľǿһ֣Ҳ㡣
֮еİ˹ǰδеƽһٻһˮȨȣɫ;ͽṹ˻ǶһȭͷСħөһǵ㣬ϵػħ
ҵıѩħȣ벽ķ
˹һϾһӣһɫ۾ƾճ˰˹ϣ˹˶УλƵ˫ȣҲܺõڵ
㡭Ȼһħʦ
׿Ű˹ͣһզྪ
˵ʿûоְҵ֣֮ûħʦʿսʿ֮֡ǣսķʽȴвص㡣
еʿǸΪڣóⲫɱ˵ʤսʽһսʿ
еʿȴͨ־׵ͨսķʽҪǿʤôʿħʦ
еʿóùˣδܹһͷսʽͺܽӽ֡
࣬һ㡣
ͨ˵ÿһʿսʽһص㣬ʲôᣬʲôó
Ӱ˹֮ǰıһʵʵսʿӵžǣб˪ս׻ƾǣܹսʤʥ֡
ڣӰ˹װȻһַͨͨͨ˵ʤħʦ
˵ת䣬״һ
ζʲô
ζŰ˹ܹⲫóͷŷ˵ʤ
ҲٻգսŸոտʼ
˹ƽ˵һҾͻܵս
ǺǣѾȲˡ
׵ĮһЦһɫħƽצ׵˫צ֮ϣ˸һ⡣
ʲô
ȻҲӵһ벽
˹һٻħƽצͲɵõɴţۣһš
ײֻһʥҲиʥˡ˭룬׾Ȼӵһ벽
ңħƽצϯĿֲħƽצƷʾԲͣڰ벽оƷ
˪ѩԭҵٻƬذɡ
Ȼ˹һһҵػеı˪Ȩȣ߶ŷҵĿھ
ӡ
һ֮УͳһĲƣֲƺһķΧԽԽ
¡¡¡¡
һʱ䣬ټı˪ƽԭȫʼƺ̾ͻᱬը


1787 ߴ
ŴؾҵĲԶı̮вһһ㵵ʧһȻܹٿ˪ѩԭ
¡¡¡¡
ٿأԶһɸߵıֲ̮ıҪ׸ѹ档
׻ħƽצ͵ͷųһצӰʱ᲻ɴݵǧӦ飬䡣
ѩ籩
ʱһ𣬶ʱΪģһϯصƽض𣬽룬ؽɱ
ѩ籩һΣܿͱüǿķУи׵ƤۡڲĿֲϯ˿Ϊ̮֮ѣգ۾ͱѩ籩С
顭
ѩ籩ĺĵشÿһ֮䣬гǧķУ׺ݵи׵Ͻ۱֮ϡ
׵ϽۼͣܿҲһѷ졣
ÿֲıѩ籩ҿϽۻѰʥ߲ұУҲ֧Ÿһӵʱ䣬ҪɱĲ⣡
ױѩ籩ǿķ׾ȥ׵ͺһͷӬһײεͷĿѣθз
ȣҧأҪѩ籩Ȼ˺üΣδܳɹ
ò˵ѩ籩Ϊǿ󣬾Ȼܹסף
ڱѩ籩׵Ĵ˲һʱײǡ
׸еǵǲӰİ˹
˹һԴͷ˱ѩ籩֮󣬾ͳʧ٣׸ܲκεϢ
ټѩ籩УǵصĶǱԲΧ
ѩԭϵǣҵٻǵļ԰ɡ
ٿأһƴ⴫һħ
ǰ˹ٻ
һʩչѰۣѰŰ˹Ӱ
ϧױѩ籩úɶ۵ĶķĶõӰ
ֻоһƴ⴫
໣໣
ȻԶıѩ֮У͵һͷͷצѩǡÿһͷѩǣһţӣΪ׳մѩվХһ˫ֳͫѪɫ
顭
գ֮䣬ٶͷѩǴѩ˳һѸ͵˱ѩ籩λá
𡭡
ͬʱںصıײһϰɳıߴƿδ˳ȥ飬ϰߴÿһߴɺɫţ˲
أأ
Զѩһϰ׸ߵıɽȻչ˿Ȼȫëıܣէһ߰ʮͷ֮ࡣ
Щϰ׸ߵıܣΪ˶ųضȽĲ˱ѩ籩ķ
ʱһɿֲĺ
ٶͷѩǣϰߴ߰ʮͷܣγһ֧ѩشܿ͵ִ˱ѩ籩ΧһûƵĳűѩ籩е׷˶ȥ˾ǣѩǣǱߴǱܣһѩ籩УûһܵһӰ졣
¡¡¡¡
ʱضΪ֮
ѩ籩ڲױнۿٶͷѩǣϰߴ߰ͷɱʱһ
ٻޣ
üͷһΪ֮һ²ǹ涨˲׼κսΪʲô˹һٻڶٻޣ
һ
𣬺𡭡
׾֮䣬ٶͷѩһſѪڣӿһУЩмΪĻ׵Ͻϣشػ
ȻıУˣҲ൱һֵıУ˳ףÿһУƸһȭ۵죬һ
УҪһ֮С
ҧҧ˼⡣
ڵһʱ䣬׾뵽˶а۴ķ塣
ֻҪһ߶а۴ķ壬ܹ̾ݻٱѩ籩ɱеٻޡ
ǣײô
ԭܼ򵥡
һôˣô׵ʵҲͱ¶ˣеĹڶµ׾ǰЩϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӡ
Ҫ֪ߴǱڵвǺ֮ǣΪжд̣׿ɲԼѡ
ԣͷһ֣׾Ƶ֮ߡ
𣬺𡭡
ʱһٶߴ˴ƬƬıЩӵżΪֲıһУͺ׹̶󣬾Ͷ֮䣬쳣ٻ
ȫǲ׹һƬ֮Уȫ̹ǣܹ
ˡ
ȻԺиһͷ΢΢ơ


1788 Χ
УʮοͣȫΪһ亹
˹ųƱѩӣһ̽Բ˵ȫսľʱûл֮ľǲٴ漣ˣ
˹ʩչ˱ѩ籩ܹסʥֵľУֻܹڱѩʩչǡһΰ˹ľսؾǱ˪ѩԭľ
˹ٻѩشЩٻޣ壬սȴСٶͷѩǡϰߴ߰ʮͷܵϣһЩʥ֣δֵܹסοľֱ˱ѩ籩У
ÿһοͣΪװ̾Ϣ׵ļҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
ͬʱǶһУɽһڹһſȫעضŰ˹׵ı
ⳡǹϵһǧ裬Բ
ΰİ˹Ұˣ
İ˹ʩչȫ֮ľûл֮İ˹
˹ʥе̳ľҲܿԽһ󾳽ܰ˹
ױڱѩ籩У֮ԭճصĴ˲ڽɽĹǣһٱ죬·˹Ѿնյʤ
˹ȻûʧΪⰲŵı˪ѩԭһЦһŲЦݣƼһš
˪ѩԭУ޾ıѩ籩ϯأ𵴣ز
ڱѩ籩еףٶͷѩϰߴǿҲܲϵĴϽ˲ˡ
еս⣬ȴԽԽ
ȼ
ٿأ׵ͺһڵİɫѪȼڰɫĻ֮У·һصս
ȼյѪ죬пıСУȫӦ
ն
׽ŷתıѩ籩ٿػûһɫĵâ͵һ޷˵˿񱩵ıѩ籩֮С
Ȼ˽һ⣡
顭
ûһɫâףһűѩ籩Χ
ȣ
Ŀֲ谭׽ҧأڵѪȫȼգͣ׵͵ӿĻ
໣

ۿͼƱѩ籩Χٶͷѩǡһٶߴ׷ſѪڣعף谭׵ĽŲ
͡
˵ʱʱ죬ָһ˲Ĺ򣬰ɫĻӰâ;Գ˱ѩ籩һ·Ƴգ˳
ಣ
һ٣ն¶ˬʵЦݡ
ڳѩ籩Χ
ѪڷȼյѪʱϨ
СӣȻܹѩ籩ΧϷŸոտʼ
ʱһصɤ⴫Ȼǰ˹
˹־شսһŭ죬ɢʶƴѰŰ˹Ĳ֮
ϧƾûзһ˿
ҪȰƽҵѩش˵ա˹صĴһĨ⡣

ϯıѩ籩ɢʧ١
Ѿ˳˱ѩ籩Χ˹ٺķѱѩ֮߶ѩ籩ȫǵòʧΪ
𣡺
໣
ͬʱٶţһѩǣس׵ķϮһϰɵıߴ
󷽵߰ʮͷܡ
߰ʮͷܣóԶ̹Ϊ׺߰ʮͷ֣һЩʥ֣Ƕ֡
һЩ߹ˡ
Цһ͵£Ⱥȥȥ
໣
ͣͣͣ
״̬µףͷһɱȺ֮ݺأ֮һͷͷţһСѩǣ׷׵ıı
ɴ˿ɼЩѩǲ壬ֻǱѩ֮ûٻޡ
ɱ
ɱۣ˫֮ϵħƽצ趯һʱ䣬նɱϰͷѩǡ
ʱ򣬽ϰߴӵһſ糱ıҪ׸û

һԾϸ߿գ˫͵һֱٻ˱ǹ

׵ͺһ˫۷͵ؽҸһ£ȫûɵļʸವڰлһĻߣһϰɵıߴ
໡
ļʸһߴĴȻļʸԶٵƾߴζأԲƫе˱ߴԴ
顭
˸ʸϯգۼͱɱ˰ߴһϰɵıߴҺһͷ׷ױѳı


1789 Ա
ಣಣಣಣಣಣ
˫ۼ߸ᣬһʸ̾˵ڶļʸţһһļʸϵкܿ죬ϰıߴͱ׸ɱһɶ
໡
űǹϯĿֲƣҴѩһԵʮη塣
ɱ
һֱӽǹ֮Сŷ˶£ٶȳٻУɱ¾
˳ɱϰߴ֮Ҳù˼ɱ糱ıûӶɥʧж
Զɱ׸ϲⲫ
ⲫ̼ĵԪҲҪ١
ñǹԶɱÿһʸҪɴԪѪûɣһܴġ
ͣͣͣ
׽̤ӡȺ֮շתŲ֮һͷͷצѩǰһغ
ǳڵıܣȻƤ񣬵ٶԻ׽̤ӡͺƹһܸԽ
ɱɱɱɱɱ
ɱ죬ɱȻȫһɱ
ȻһɬѶڣ⴫ɤ䣬ҹһ˲ɵøоëȻ
ײܲˣȫնɱٻޣʧٵİ˹Ҫ
Ͼһ˹ܲԶ߸߷ɣԶŲ
ڴУԭΪѾٷ̵Ĺڣڿʩչ˽һ⣬˵ûһâӲس˱ѩ籩ʱȫһ󾪺
ţľһ£Ȼܹǲ˼飡
ѩ籩ǳֲʥѣû뵽ľȻ漣ˣӣֱ˷ˡ
ǿûУľȻٻһܹԶ빥ı
һֻһʥȴķĽʺޣ
ڳļʮοͣһʧզ̾
ǶĴڲڽɽһڹ£ȫĬɫ÷ǳѿ
ľȻһ
һֵĹ¼Ϊŵʧһ﾿ʲôǺСүҲ˲ƴְգ
ˣѩ籩ȻûסľһһҪսʤ˰˹ǾͿˣǿһǧ谡
һ°̾
ޣ´Ҫ֣鷳㽫˫ѡֵĵϸ˵
ⳡҪǳֲأӣ
һ۵Ĺ£ɤضޡ
Ϣһϣһʱһһף֧֧һ˹ġ
󣬿ԼÿŶȲߡ
Ȼ޴ˮһɬѶڣɵǰһʱʮûУ˹ռУشУ˹һ߼ֻùһΣǰʮΪؼһС
û뵽˹ڵڶֵ̭УҪʩչռˣ
Ц
ԣڳһڹ£ȫ΢΢һ㶣һ˫Ź⣬ϲЦտ
ѩӰ˹ռУǶ԰˹˽ˣ¡
˹ռС
ǿǱȱѩ籩Ҫֲöıɱ
Ҫֿ˹ռУûпܵ顣
˪ѩԭ֮ϣëѩ䡣
׷ɱһв˵ؽеѩ뱱ܸնɱˡһͷܻΪıһغ֮΢΢̧ͷЦ˹㲻׼һӰɣ
Ҫٻһ֧ѩش棿
һЦ
Ҫٻôһ֧ѩشҪĵĻѩ֮ǳ֮󡣾ǺųƱѩӵİ˹ҲƵؽٻ
ľ
Ȼһɤ׵ı΢΢һѭתһѭȥ
ԼĪʮ￪һƬϿգɫ۵İ˹нűѩȨȣס
ڿˡ
촽ʱ̤ӡسŰ˹ķɱȥ
˹شȻܹⲫһײסͷŷʱҲС
ԣڿ˹ĵһʱ䣬ͺһͷѸ͵Ա˰˹
⡭
䣬׾˵˰˹ǰһצʱץȥ
֮䶳
׵ɱ˹ɫƽ³˼ֽڡ
ʱ˹ȫʢеıѩȨ͵⣬ϯء
࣡
ֻһĵˮȪ˲һס
˵ʱʱ죬̲ǧ֮һָһ˲䣬ףʱǱμеʩչ˶һȫá
ͣͣ
׳ɱħƽצ밬˹ֻʣ¶̶̵һ룬ۿžҪץ˹Դϧǧһ֮䣬׵屻׶ˣ˿á


1790 ״̬
ۡ
˳ͷűɱ䶳׸ӡסİ˹ǱͿӣ۵һſһ̲ѪҡҡλεصڵأѵشϢš
Х˹شӻͳ˼ö鵤˿СϥԹԵ
ͬʱ򱻡Աӡף΢΢ƣ¶һĨƵóѵЦ⡣
ˡ䶳ףһ˱һɷԲ֮С
ãΪʲôˣ
ӡףоԼ壬ͺ׹˱ħ֮У䳹ǣḷ̌ܿʧȥ֪
ʱл̼
Ȼ׶Լ壬Ȼʧȥ֪Ѿ䶳ı⡣
ʲô
ҵȻڼʧȥ֪
д󾪣ȹϵϣһʱھ١
ڴڲмʮοͣȫעعע밬˹ıױ˹ıɱ䶳֮ȫһһʧ
ˣľ˰˹ռɱС䶳ǰ˹ıɱһУ˲ͻʧȥ֪ѪҺʼ̣อֹͣ˵Ҳܿɢ
⡮䶳ǰ˹ĳѩ籩Ҫֲöࡣңڰ˹ķǳ޴һ߼£˹ҲֻΪؼһжˡԱռУϧΪֹ̫ڵ̽ҪȻһ찬˹ͺлڣ
ľֻһ벽ʥСȻܹȵð˹ʩչռУҲǷǳˡҸҶ϶ʩչռɱеİ˹ڽıУܹھͷˡ
ľһţÿʱܹǴϲû׼һλ漣
ʮڣȺšеְ֧˹е֧ףЦŭ̬һ㡣
Ա
ϯУʮһ㵵ضеˮһŲֵǾ֮ɫԱһǳֲĽؼڴ˵еɽ֮УҲľҪɹҪߵԪ׺ԼԵ˲Уû뵽˹һȻѧˡԱֺŵɱУ
ŶīڡԱؼ˽⣬һؿʮ
ʮǵһɽ񣬶ɽ˽⣬ȻҪīҪ˽öࡣ
Ա̺żΪֲıϵҪƾԱҪơԱ̺ķУ
ǣԱɽУҲǲɶõĽɱУ̺ķ弫Ϊ£ǰ˹ĿǰƿصķǳǳԣҲѰʥܹƵģ
ʮһص˵
˹Сʧ֮صӢۺˣ
ī벻ɵƤһĽ֮ɫ¿ΨһƵ֮ߣƺֻʹôаǴķˡ
ֻҪ߶а۴һַ壬׾ܹͻơԱ⡯
ī˵
а۴ķ壬Ϊ컯ɾıԴԶ
״߶һַ壬ô׾ܹơԱ⡱ػ֮
ǶĴУڽɽһڹ£ڿ˹˳ʩչԱ׸ӡ֮ȫȸԾһһԾ໥§·ѾһˣҲѾǹ׶һ
˹Ϊӣûʧ
Цػһȭͷ
ѩԭһߵıããޱߵı֮ϣڲһޣֻʱ˿̵ޣڷɿţ˫֮еҲ
׵壬һǳΣյľأĿǰֻǼ״̬ڶʱ޷ơԱؾпɥȪһ
ԱķӡҪƾǳƳȫûпܡ
ңڵѪҺѾˣɱ־롮־޷߶ؼҲʩչ
ļ٣ƴѰ֮ߡ
ħƽצ
ǹ
׵ͺһ
׵ȫٻ֮£ħƽצǹֻ΢΢˼£㲻ٶ
ãҵѪѾҪ̣ʹ뱾֮Ѫϵ÷ǳ΢
ң⡮ԱƺҲŷǳǿķӡãҵʶ޷ɢ
ѽѣгѪ
û취ˣֻܶɱˡ촽΢΢һ
ˡ
ʱһصķ򲨶׵ϯһ˿


1791 뽻
顭
ʱɷԲĺҵز·ʲôҪӺ֮ƿǶ
ţ
⡭ôܣһĪҪҵıɱԱ
ϥȫİ˹Ȼ̧ͷǰߵı񣬾㵵صɴ˫
ⲻܣҵľԱʥ֣ѣ
ֻһ벽ʥƾʲôܹ
˹ֲѡ
ء
Ȼֻһʯıı˷ѿڲףʱָж

׸һָжȫ߶ڵԪڽ֮зתܿ죬ԭѾҪֹͣ࣬ٶȻǿеѪҺҲ𽥻ůȫľףһԼĸо
ڴУÿһעĹڣȫһһİױ׵ˡ
һ﾿ʲô˹ռСԱȻûܽӡ
˹ΪʩչԱռУϧͿԼԪ֮û뵽ȻûܷӡסһССʥ
˹ѾʧȥսˣȻռûһնɱ֣ô˹ֻˣ
ⳡƱؽΪһսľһսΪߵѡ֣
ڴУһƬڣĹڻȭͷšľľ֡
ͬʱǶĴУԭΪѾûһڹ£ڿس˾Աָ֮֮ȫԭأľһ
ܡ
ľǺη
ˣˣǿҪ⸶һǧˡ
εѻȸ֮ԭϲЦտĹǣһɥᡣ
ۡ
һֵޣ۵һһ̲ɺĿѪҡҡλЩһͷԵڵء
һǧ裬һǧ衭Ƿһз߶һǧ顣
ޣ͵űְգҪ֪飬Բģ
ģΪһʧǽɽµ󣬽ֱˡ
һֵĹ£ֻбޣЦ
һ͵صڵأ˫񡢿նͺһʬ⡣
˪ѩԭϣ׵Ű˹棬ػֽţܿ죬ͻָ״̬
ò˵ΪĹʮеһŽ壬ָΪڡ
˹뽫һһ񰡣
˦һƣ˰˹ϣžһ˹ֱӱɳϰףϧֻˣ
ಣ
׽̤ӡƹһǰûȰ˹أһǿʮȱȣһߵð˹鱬죬Һ
䣬䡭
ڣصصڵ֮󣬰˹ۿٶȷǰæһҪ׸
003Ųѡ֡˹Ȩ698Ųѡľʤ
ڰ˹Ļոصʱһۻͳɤ쳹˪ѩԭ
׸Ҫµħƽצʱͣ˰УԥƬ̣ڼΪĵ˻
û취й涨һѡ֮һѡ־Ҫ֣ͣøϾɱĻҪǿ
󡣡ױһһᲽҪ߳ؾ
ľ
˹ѵ̧ͷһףһ˵ıķڷϣܹҵ룬½ı˳ضȡܹھ
Ŷ
˹ףײɵ΢в죬һֲҡͷһЦ
˹е˼
ģһܹھġΪʲô룬ֻΪ˺档׵һЦǵ߳ؾ
һʥμӵͼ£μӸ߼£Ϊ룬ֻΪ˺棿
˱ˣ
׵Ŀƺȡ߼µܹھҲʲô˲顣ֻһ˼Ϸˣ
ÿް꣬ζȡܹھİ˹Ѫĳ嶯
˹ʧıӰ˫öûлع
ڴУ׵ʤͺһըһ˹ڴеļʮڡ
ÿһڣԼͬվػȭͷšľľĿںš
Ȼ¼սʤӰ˹İ벽ʥѾÿһڵġ
ٺ٣ǸСƺһսӵ˺ܶ˿ʮٺһЦ¶һڻư
̫ˡһ׬һڶ裬ˣ׷ˡ
ī˫Ź⣬ȲվŹĹɵʮӣȲسŶ̿ڵλ÷ɱȥ
ʮЦеظں档


1792 
״ؾ߳ĵ³һҡͷЦû뵽ڶ־ôǿĶ֣ԽԽ˼ˡ
ѩӰ˹ôȻֻӣ֪һӣǺηʥŶô˵ս
˼׷ɣʼԳϢҵķȥ
ⳡ˲ԪѪıһҪսپС
ĻȵǰʮսҾˡ
װ
Ȼһ̧ͷһϤӰϢҵڴһ꣬Цеؿֵһǣһˮпڴǽϣƺרŵˡ
ҡͷЦڶֵıԼֿıˡ
ܲ
ʱ򣬳Ȼ΢΢һЦøɬķ˵
Ŷ
׽Ųһ٣΢΢ųһЦЦˡҾһǿĶ֣ϣܹ档
ս顣
ȻԼûлۿıǾ͸ɴϳʵʵսһˡ
ҺڴЦݲ̲ʼնƽ͸ǳ
׵ͷһЦǵһյϢҡ
֪Сĵıôˣ
׽Ϣеһˮ֮УɿѡСĵıˮһ󲨹ӿСɱĻ棬ʱֿ
ʱСѾٶȴ߶ɱﵡСǧ󡱣ס˶֡һСĵĶ֣ǿܿͽеͶˡ
СĲӮ˵ڶֵı
̫ˣɵƯ
Ц˷ܵػһȭͷ
СӮñ׵ĸоԼӮñҪʹ죬Ҫ졣
һǵ߳ϢңϴؾгСġ
ָ磬Ӯˣ
СһףʱϲЦտһС׵ĻУֻоһŮеķҷӿڱǣһʱ᲻֡
ҿˣɵƯ
װСĵǣС§׵ĸۣСҸĸо
ָ磬ôӮ𣿡СƤ̧ͷס
΢΢һЦоհա
СĵһЦҾ֪ûָĶ֡
ߣǳȥ׵
ȥ
Сһ㶣ŵڶֱ죬Ҫе̭ˣ׻Сģʱȥй䣬ȫ˷ʱ䡣
һֱӮ˾ǧ衭
ص
ʲô
ǧ裿СĲɵõһСǹĹɵǧС㣬Ҳָһ
ܿ죬С׾Ϳ첽߳˲ͨŹڴķȥ
ʱīʮԼĹɵʮӣվſڵλõȺСˡ
õ⸶𣿡δߵǰȲʵ
õˣܹ׬һǧ裡
īЦ˵ͳһǬݸףһڽ裬һǧı𣬾ǧӮý𣡡
׶ʱдϲæīнӹǬʶһɨ̽Ǭڲ
һǬǬڲȻѵһȫɵܹڽ
˻ĿһɨɵǰŹ⣬Ʋסʧ
׼ʶ㣬ʲô涼ʱҲԱĵƽ
ˣڽԽԽƴ֣
Χش˵ԴȱһǳϾ⣬ǣȴ֮ĲƸˬ
Ц
īǰ
һӱٻһǬݸī룬һǧ裬ȥȲ衣
ҲҪī˰֡
׶ʱüͷһ壬īǰ֮ͲҪˡ
ī뽫ԴҡúƲ˹һҾԲڿʵ㣬һҲѺ˲ٵĳ룬ϣ׬ǧ裡
ĹɵĵӣһҲ׬ⶼȶ뾪ޱ֣
īЦе
ڳʮĹɵĵӣʱٺֱЦһøмס
Ŷ
һЦ˵ͷҲٿ
īǰóǧ裬ѺעִӻͳһǬϵǬܹǧ衣
õģû⡣
īǰ׵нӹǬҡͷһЦʽúܵͺܵ͡ϾսʤĶ֣һǹﰲᣬһǰ˹ǰ˹ǶڴŰ
ʼ򣬡ӬҲ⡣
סСʮī˺һ󣬱ת˲ͨ
֮ǵֱһжδ֪ҪץʱС


1793 
սŵϢУСĽͬһϢң˸ٻһȪʼһ̲ͣرչ
û֪ǣΪ׿漣Ļ˱ѩӡ˹ȻΪ˼Ĵ
׵Ĵ˵ԽԽࡣ
ʲôţõսȵȸְ汾Ĵţ֮
û취˭׵ı̫𺳣ɻܵͽµܹھգսʤӹﰲӰ˹
Ϊһ벽ʥʿ׵׳٣νǰ޹˺ߣƴ档
ͬʱҲΪףǶˡޡɽְλһװֵĹ½޵ְλ
װֵĹ£һǳƣޡ
һһݣȻͬʦֵܣڽɽֶǹ£ȴ࿴ҪѹԷ
һΣýɽ⸶һǧľ޶ӣְҲȻ顣
˵һǳõĻᣬȻҪúðס
ޣҪ֣ǷҪǲѡľսһѯʵ
޺ٺһЦҡҡͷľѾ״ΪµһƣʱҲ̭ԣıһһЩĶ֡
ţľǰʮĹھܾʱӰǿǰġ
΢΢һЦ
ŵڶ̭ǾѾ˺ܶǮȥǽɽ˷Ѿ۾ٰľú塭
һݣ°ͳһɽͷɵ
ģȦǮˣ
޺ٺһЦ¶һĨЦݣһὫ̵ģбǰѡϣЩѡֶǵԼˣϵ÷ǳá
ԣڳ߸£ɵһЦ
޻л漰Ļ˵ڳĹһ֪ȴû˴
ת֮䣬ʱҴҶڴ֮У̭Լʼ
սһϢУСĻеƣɵ˷׷˫һЦֵˣ
ָΣСһеؿס
һЦݣоأ
СһЦҲоȻ̶̼ҪָȬǲܵ飬ڵ̭ǰܹ״̬Ѿǳˡ
׵ͷһЦһУˮ֮УĿˮһɨʼѰԼСĵı
ָ㿴Ķ534ѡ֡
СǰһһϲָˮϵһСֱ֣㲢ûǰһҪѡ֣ʺõͰȻһ
һʣҲ˵׵Ѻעһǧ裬Ӯ˱Ҳܹõ衣
ȻѾΪԼۣȻֱ߽͡
һֵĶ֣һӡ΢΢һЦ׼ԣһʱеź
Ŀ΢΢ƣ׷СĵĶ120Ųѡ֣һ
СģһֵĶʵҲܸߡЩǡ
õģ
СһЦ
һʱЦãСǧܲÿһζЧգѡ֣ڤ˼ѰСǧӶһٻ㣬ҪСĲǡ
ɱﵣܹ֮ΪɱﵣΪɱƽʱãֻڹؼʱ̲ã˲ش֡
ǶֶɱзôɱﵵЧãҪ͵öࡣ
˭˵ҳСǧ󣬾ûбˣСĲ޵ؾС죬ߺߵ
ǰһҲٸףСһͬվϢҵΧȥ
ÿÿ
ù
ɲɣСĸ߳ϢңʹһͷĴߴ
СĶΪϤȻĻӻצ
תȻϢۻ룬Ľ˶׳һΧ룬ڵسͨȥ
Ӵԭ㣬ľ
һףʱЦһǵسǰʮضףСӣ㺦ʧǧ裡
ܹսʤ˹ҷǳȡû뵽СһȻһˣ˶š˹
ϧˣغټȥˡ
Цһس԰ڵû취ÿһ˶ܹһܹں»ֵܶģ

ţܹ
ԵצһޣһӵĹ̬
Ǻǣϣлܹ棡
׵ĮһЦÿСһбŻӣ˵žתȥ
㡭пһһʱ
ϣлܹ棿
׵ĿжϣûнӸ
Ҳǣ׿һܹܶڴš˹ȻηСŽ׳Сү


1794 ɱ
ģС̫ˡ
ŴǶȥףɫǺ죬ҧû˸ұҸţ壬Сǵһˣ
ӣҪҪһ٣һ
С
Ӿҡҡͷһ̫죬Ҫ֪˰ɱЩѶȡ
Ѿһð취ˣľʹ֣
ӺȻһʱƲסشЦ
Ŷʲô취ȫؿӡ
΢΢һЦǿľԵŮôȻҲ˳˵֣ʵҸ
ŮľӰ룬ǵ¡һֱҰͨɽĹ£ǽŮŶ󣬵ʱҾͿԾۿɰСˣ
뵽˾˴鲻ԽͷЦ
ߣʵǸ߰
ӲΪӣǶı
һӵļıһ׷׳ޣȳһĴָ
ӱ޵û̹·ƮƮġ
СĻףһ͸Բؾڡ
ǰһΣ׶ȥԼһƬޱߵĲԭϡԶɽϣŲٵţеصͷԲݡ
ôõĻһǲ̣һľʱȫˡ
ಣ
Ȼһ׸ߵĽ˶Ӱؾڴ˲ԭС
΢΢ͷˣɵ΢ƣǸһһԺúùˡһˣ׿ʼֽţ׼ս
˭룬ߵ׳ǵ׵ǰһ񣬺Цľ֣ʵĿãܳ磬ⳡѡȨ
䣬ײɵɫһһؿǰ׳㡭ҪȨ
ײɵÿЦá
Ϊһ׳Ժúõսһˡû뵽Ϊ˶ֵļһȻֱѡȨ
û취̫ǿˡһСĶ
ܳЦһʵʵ˵
ε̾Ϣһʼ򣬾Գųڵķȥ
534ѡܳѡ698ѡľʤ
ʱһͳɤ쳹ԭ
ľ֣ҷǳ㣬ϣл̡ܹܳһҪߣ첽ǰ׼׹ϵ
׸ôܳǵ̤ؾڡ
ಣ
׻ص˱ս
ţһӰܳ׷˳
ľ֡ܳһʹһ׷ɱ
οЦѡһϢңУرշš
û취׵ҪʹϵʿȥˡܳһԱ
ң׶ܳûһĺøС
һδսӵų
׿֪ս˫ʵв࣬ҲҪ㾡ȫһսΪֻϳнܹ۾顣
䣬Ҳֻһ
ȨĻ˹һӡ

ײ뷿Уһˮ֮Уȿıʶһɨܿҵ655ųıһˮĻӡ
һޱߵĻĮȡ˫ֱأվһɽϣԶһֳַٵꡣ
ɱ
ֳַ꣬ͺһ͵ػеķų꿳ɱһϯĽӰ
Ľһƽˮ̬ٿأڽҪʱһΣеĽ;˿
ţ̧ȭͷŷ˶Ķְڳһȭơ
顭
ֻһ죬ԭƲӥһ˶꣬ʱ͵һ٣ؿڳһȭͷСİݣͷı۵졣
ʲô
ôܣ׵ɴ˫һզྪ
ؿÿһϸ΢Ķ׿ǳŶһȭĶȭͷϲûҲûȭ硣ǣȴüףֵؿڻһڴСİݡ
صĳ꣬ȻܹϢظչ
һզྪ̾ڳӡ
뿴ԼսĻͶ䣬пͷųһҴʼնףϢδҲֲ̫ˡ
ȣ
׾֮̾ʣٶȻ˻ȭͷһơ
飡
һ̣׵Ķ֣һԴ÷飬˾޴ûһ
һʱѪɣɺѪ˿ôĿġ


1795 Ǯ
һÿ¡
ıѾˣ׵ȴǾþòܹƽ
Ķ֣ȻʲôʥôǸʥ쾳ĸ֣컯ɾҲһ绽
˭룬ڳǰȭͽնɱˡ
Ϊɲǣʼնûп꾿ʲôʽ˵ʤġ
أ
ֲ
ǳ˵ӡ
û뵽һıȻĸ֣˷ܰƲסüѾȲҪһϸˡ
ϧǣĶ̫ûн̽
ҡͷЦһ
һֱ׶ĿǶš˹ƴȫջʤ׵սҲչ¶еĹǰ
һ֣˳꣬ô֮£ҪռһЩ
Сĵıҡҡͷ˦Ժзҵ˼ͷеˮ
ܿ죬׾ҵСĵı㿪ͱ
¡¡¡¡¡¡
˭룬һ㿪СĵıͿһϵ״غһλ쾳ʥ
Сģһ׷ϵȼգϵͷףöϴûлֵĻᡣ
һȻ˱
ױСĵսʽˡ
СģȻǲҪǮһȼ׷˵ʤС֮ǰ״ɱﵣ׷
׷Ϊһֳõķ׭еġ
ǣٻвѡֻ׷ǿķ׭
Ͼ׷ǳ󣬳мУҵõ˼ţҲڱʱá
ĶСƾ׷Ͱ˸ģ
ǲƴְ
䣬䣬㣬ͷ׷ˡ
һСĵĶ֣Ͱģѡ˱
䣬һۻͳɤ쳹ȫ˱Ľ
ٺ٣䲻͵ˡ
Сеһ׷߳ؾ
ò˵СĵսʽǳƤƾʵñʤ׷ȡʤĹʵ
ƤƤҪģҲûʱϾǮˣҲ㹻ǮУĻЦ
ָ磬ӮòѴ֮
Сһϲõشؾ˳һײɵ־ϲȵ׾ȻҪýսϲԼһսʤ˶֣˵̭
СƤ
ƲƲ죬Сĵսʽͬ
СıϾǹĹɵǧС㣬С˵ĳ谮г潭⻹һЩСеİ
ҪֻҪСһʱ򲻰ˡ
ٺ٣ҾƤһΡƻָ߰˰ˣҾͻƾ汾»ʤСڨڨһЦױԼ
޿κεҡͷһЦ
ߣǼչأ׼ֵ̭
״СĲһյϢңֻҪٴ̭ǾܹΪ߼µǰʮյĹھܾʱǻһϢʱ䡣
ֻҪټ̭ܹǰʮ𣿡
Сˮˮ˫Ϊ֮һһС
һСٶϥϣһȪʼһ̲ͣ
ʱҴҶת֮䣬ʱȥˡ
һգǵ̭ʼӡ
СĶƵ£˫һʼˮѰڵ̭ϵĶ
ҵĶ259ţԸҪ׿ԼһֱӸ߲£ҡͷ̾Ϣ
׬˾ǧ֮ҪԼ׬Ǯǲܵˡ
ָ磬㿴
ȻСһֵضŶһʧҪ431Ż
431Ż
üͷһȻˣǸôޣǸֻҫ
ָ磬ףҳɹաͿ˳ˣǧѷĻᣬȻҪúðա
СһЦȫûΪһʥֶ¶ǣ෴ƺΪ˷ܡ
СģҪСģһǰĸ߼Уɱǰʮĸ֣Բ⣡
͵ץСС֣СûȥԼĻ
ģҲµģҪʵڴ򲻹ҿСĿ׽ŵӣĪЩ̵ĸо
ãҽս֮󣬻ģ
£˴վ򿪷Ĵţ˸ؾڡ


1796 зŮ
׵֮£Сʮزؾڣӭսġ
һС˵ǳؼ
һµǰʮСҪܹսʤôСĽлɱ뱾µǰʮӶһٳ֪
ಣ
׸СģԹԵزԼҪؾڡ
һת֮׵ǰʱȻʣȥһƬ޼ʵ󺣣İˮӿĿԶһ޴ʯһϴ໥Ӧ䣬оر׽Ȼǳ
һ
Ȼ׵߱ԶһĻŮˡ
Ůĸǰ͹̣˵߿ħټϰˮ۵ƤէһΪǴƶ׹䷲Ů
ľ
һ׵ĵĻŮͷһСЦݣʮˡ
ѾþˡŮǰһ׷ǳӡ
ô
ʼЦǾͱ˷ʱˣҪôҪôҽƨ
ĮûбǰĻŮòԻ
ôԴŮأ
Ůһ׵Ŀʱ΢΢̵ͦβ̧һģһβӿҪҵƨɣ˼Ҵ˾͸
ŮɤȻ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬ζ˵ţ̧̧裬˵βչ¶׵ǰ
ĮһЦҡҡͷֱӽħƽצٻ˳˫֮ϣһ׼սļơ
˵һ飬ҪôҪôҾͽùģ
װľϲҹŷ𣿡
Ůҧҧ촽һСƤ£ƺЩģҪڳһС̬ס
ţ
ⶼʲô˰
ŮˣȻҲܹ̭
Ȼ֮һȻ֮
ôӵȻ֮δҲ̫׵Ķˡ
һʱ˼ɣٿ³һס
ͣ
ţһצӳһצӰŮĽϯ¡¡һԶһɾ޷ˡ
ŮȻһæЦݣһģ˼ֻҪΪ˫޵ҪǲԸֱ˵ˣŻ˼ң
˵ţһһžӨ飬Ϲ䡣
ίСģᡣ
Ż˼ң
ģܵŵ׺òã
ۻŮȻ׸һס
ϣ
͵һħƽצʢһ̶Ľ
ҡͶ𣿡Ůز˲ᣬһߺ޵صһۣһһٵ
תߡ
256ŲѡѡȨ698Ųѡľʤһͳɤ쳹ؾ
ǣǡ
ײؾĳڵʱ˾̾һĻˡ
ԭĻȻŮ˵ĹʼǵĲһʱ䣬˾ͱһ˶ţ׳ӡ
ģľСӵƷζ
׳ߵáһ䣬鲻ԸسؾĳڷӶȥ
һĻĻ棬ͨˮۿĹڣЦˡ
û뵽ͼɫƻ׵ĻŮȻһֵ׳αװģǹĵġ
ҿûнŮ˫룬Ļڵ֪֮󣬿϶Ҫһء
ಣ
״ؾĳ߳첽ϢȥһһյϢǰƿţС
֪Сıôˡ
нһУֱӽˮ֮Уһʱ㿪Сĵı
СĵطΪĲԭո£ͷڿ¯֮С
аеĶ̽Ҫú㣡Сһͽ°ͣһϮذ׳ۣͺƳɡ
ƾҲѵӣ
СĵĽһЦ˶鲻ԽǰϣСģľߵúܽĪ˫޵£
Сһ㶣СϸһΣһŮĽľûúưצģֱ
ٺ٣ҵҿҪúõһ˫ӹһĨЦ͵Сġ
ֵһǣһ˫צûץСĵҪλֱСĵظȥ
ȻҪĿģǻСģСģӶܡ

СƣָܿһĽ

˭룬ЩڻϣȻһĽû˻һë


1797 뱦
ʲô
ҵĽָȻûƷС΢΢һЩԼ۾
ҿһʥġ뱦סƾĹҪ˺ңֱǳ˵Ρ
Ц͵һһ˵˲ѿ
ʱ֮£뱦ױ¶˳һīɫ뱦ףӨӨ⣬ڻϣʮ䡣
ʥ뱦ףǳ󣬳мУӵһ뱦ףɱʱ򣬿԰ֵĹ
Сˣˡ
һЦǰҪͼ졣

Сĳ𣬿Ĭдʡ
Сǧ
ŷ˶ĻСЦһڣ͵һ콣
ͣͣͣͣͣ
ʱ콣׷ɣγһǵصĽسŻɱȥ
ಣಣಣ
˭룬żΪĲһշתŲֻһĲӰϯС߶СǧֻмΪĽ˻ǣ뱦׵ķ֮£ѶԻش
ȣСĽһȫ߶Сǧ
顭
ʱСڵǧȫͷŹơ
ҵСǧȻ޷ˣǣУĥķǲġ
СĵһЦһͳһ׷
Ҳը㣡
СĵһЦ
ڴУвٹڹۿСսСͳһ׷Ҫըɻʱȫһզྪ
СģǺηʥδҲ̫ƴˣȻ׷˷ֽһʹãͳһ֡
Ļӣһǰʮ۲װвѡܹһϸ¡ţֻԪ۷徳СľԲǻӵĶ֣
ûÿһˣܹľһϵش漣ġ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
ͬʱڱսһϢУˮ۾عעСı
С˳Сǧ󽫻סͳһ׷׼ըûҷʱ򣬲ɵʧЦ
СģࡣһЦǳСĵս
콣׷ɣСǧеĻûţɵ֧һֵ֣µĽ
һСǧ󣬾סңûôװգ
Цһٿ˫ֺʮȫԪŽϯ
ĩУ֮⣡
ٿأһӻ˫룬͵һɱ⣬Щһϵնʱʧȥ˹ʡ
һ̺ſֲ֮⣬𣬳˷Ľײȥ
¡¡
ֻһɽѵıĽ˲ɢ˿ʧ١
ۡ
СͷһѪһΣֱӵڵء
СģϢУʧͷ乶䡣
ľ֮⡱ֱӳСĵСǧ󣬶С˷ǳصĴˡ
֮⣬Ƿǳڵɼҷʥ֣ȫʩչ֮⣬СһԪСȻ⡣
ӰⲨ
һָ֣֮ᲽƻسСķ˶˫һӣһīİӰȦԳСϯȥ
顭
ӰⲨ̺żΪֲķ֮СıײͷĿѣѪ
ͬʱꡢŭɥָһ˲ӿͷ
ⰵӰⲨȻֲָܹ뵽ֵ֮Уöʧȥս־
׷
С͵һȼеһ׷Ҫͷϵɱ
ǧһ֮ʣһӣһɫͺһһϯͽСĸ廨
ǣǡ
Сȫ±һţͺǰһʱʧȥж
ٺ٣Сˣˣ
䣬Сĵǰε´СĽһЦҪúŪһСģСĵԼߡ
㲻Ҫ
СһΪȳæҷ䡭
696ŲѡС䣬431Ųѡֻʤʱһͳɤ쳹ؾ
䣿
Цһûͣ¶ЦԽ޳СģǺƺҲûáҲҪ˺㣬ֻҪڵ棬ľ棬úõһ
شЦ˵ţ֣Ȳ廨Сġ


1798 Ů
ˡ
Ȼһ͵վͷ͹еˮҪ׸ץ÷顣
û뵽ȻĹС֮󣬻ҶСģ
СǸδµĻƻŮҪǵڶڵ棬ˣԺͱ̧ͷˡ
ǧһ֮ʣСѽѣһ
䡭
ֻһ춯صըһϵ׷˾ǣһϵ׷ȻǱŻȥģǱСĺ¡
Ŵϵ׷ŵһ£æ󳷣ܿ
¡¡
գۼ䣬ϵ׷ʹƫеغСĵϣһʱ䣬СıÿѪȫǡ
СġײҺ˵ӼҪ
ͬʱڴУۿСıĹڣҲʧСҵԸˡ
Сģһ֮ŮԸ˶ϣҲԸñ˸Լ
Сһùϧ˻ַӣ
ϵ׷ƫеػСģǲɥҲҪشСǿϧˣ
ȫ꣬ΪСĵҾٶ
㣬㡭ҪķѾͷ
һһ㵵ŻСģæһУСϵɫ˻СţݺݵһڣֵˣȫޣĻҪ̵÷
ۡ
С̱ڵأнϵѪдʣҿҴšԧϡǶĻҪƴˡ
˵ţͷһᣬε˹ȥ
Сġ
ϢУһ߷˷ţҲƵسСڵؾڴ
ʱѾؾĽٶȿ
ಣ
ؾпһۿףʱǰһ°ͣһź˵ǿϧûܺúŪһСģһ롭
ү
ûȻĻ˵꣬͵һ⣬˦ϣĸоϯһͷһֱӱ˳ȥ
ӣ
ӣû°ɣ
߰˸ȺԵ£æǰæҵؽһ꺮ů
㡭ȻҴңź׵գһ𾪵ضס
ЦΪʲôҴ㣿
׽ȭͷǱ죬ҧгݵɱĶУ䣬ͻΪһӰ˻
ϣϣ
һȫʧȥǣƷ蹷һ
߸Ȼо壬ڻĴߴ֮£ҲûҳǰΧŹס
飡飡飡飡飡飡
Ȼʱ䣬߸£һһص˳ȥǶֶϽžֱӶ˵ڵϣ໲Һ
㣬㡭Ȼڱս֣̫ˣûн˷
ȴǰһϸ¡
ЦһᲽҪǰȥһնɱ
ס֡
ʱһͳɤ˿Ӱ˱ս赲֮䡣
ͷһˣȻǽɽޣҲĿǰµܡ
һΥ˹涨ȻĿŵڱսɱˣ콫ץһɽڶµʱ˵ָ׵Ĺ
ľ侲㡣
ݲǰסŭףҪٸڱսҰͱǰչذˡ
˵ţİ˸´ǰγһԲ׸Χ£С
һѹֵѹȶ£ײ
ڴģҪɱ㣬ұգ
ˣǱҪǧٱسСܵĴˣ
ÿһֶ̺޾ŭɱһһ˻ļ䡣
ಣ
ǣСģͣ첽̤ؾڣʧ١
ιô£Ϊʲôץ
һѾ뿪ǻŭ޴йһ˴´
ҪԸ⣬һͰľֽնɱ㿴Σ
תͷһЦζŻ
ңҡ
ʱɫһ֧֧˰죬εذ˰֣ˣҲһçһƽϣ˼¸ʲôǾ͵ʲôҲû˵ˣ
䣬ͷҲصسһϢȥһϷš
ޡ
һɽ˲ȻΪΪ˲ݡľȷΥ˹涨ΪҪһ
һЦǽǶһƣҿɲϣʹսҪĻǻ˺ܶڵġ
ԣڳİ˸£ȫéٿͬص˵ͷ
ô᲻ɽĹ¼ʵ
ǺǣĻȻȨ죬ǽɽҲǳصģʲôʱҪͽˣ
ЦһҪǻвҪǾˡ
ڳİ˸ȫͷ
ɽȻɽǰ˵һԱ


1799 
ಣ
׵Ӱһȶ;Сĵķ
硭
СĺһСǻҳ
Сģ£ˣ
һѽСĸ˫ִСĵļ֮ϣһȵ̽澭֮УСĵѪ⡣
һʱ֮С۵³һѪٸϢ˳˲١
磬û֮ǣֻˡһƤ˶ѣ㲻õǡ
Сһ֫һ̱׵ĻС
ò˵Сĺ˼磬صʱ̣ҲԸⱩ¶׵ʵԭ׵ĳƺָ硱Ϊˡ硱֡
һеĹھͲ׵ʵݲɡ
㶼ˣ˵û£
۵ؽСӵ뻳Уվɿسؾĳڡ
ಣಣ
׽̤ӡ֮䣬ͳ˲ͨŹڴķӶȥ
ʱ˿̣ʮīĹɵһڵӣȫصȺſڡ
ϡ
һʮʱΣһ
죬
ʮ˲ϰοףִСĵϣ̽Сĵ
ڳˣȫضŻʮ
Ƭ̺󣬻ʮ³һĵãСĲû֮ǣǲеҡ
СļҪ̱չأˣˣСδʮУҪָȬȻϣã
ʮһ
ʲô
δʮСĶ޷ָȬ
ױһСû֮ǣʱ΢΢ɣһ˵Сڽĺܳһʱڣ޷ָȬʱоʮ־ɥ
ңӦֹǸ˵ֵģĻСľͲشˡ
װ̾ڲѡ
壬ѹˡûйϵСԼľ񡣡ī밲ο
Сĳ潭ڽеջ˽⣬ⳡ˵һηǳľ顣
ʮ΢΢һЦҲѹҾδزһ¡
ʮĻѹֵ飬ʱ˲١
ϣҪɱ˻Сĳ׺ȻԴϡ
䣬Ĺɵʮӣȫÿһס
Ƿ𣿻Ĺӣ龳ĸػҪɱ²һ׵顣
˵밵˵ĹϵǳУҪǸʧ֮ͼ죬пܻɱ֮
壬ɲҪΪһʱ嶯˴¡
Ĺɵʮӣ׷׳Ȱ
壬Ȼӵа۴һְ巨ûк֮ǡǣҪڰ˿Ƶʧ֮նɱѶʵ̫󣬶Ҳ̫գȰ㲻Ҫ³ç嶯
ʮ
׳Ĭû̸ı⡣
ī׵ƢԷǳ˽⣬֪׾˵飬ܹı⣬һת壬ȱżԻ˷Ӧܹɱǰʮɱǰʮǰ϶顣û׼ǻͬһ̭ʱ㾡ʹɱ֣նɱɡ
ԣһ
ȷ
ܹ棬ô׶նɱ˳ˡ
ϣСľͰˡɤ˻ơ
ģڣСľԲʲôصġʮ׵˵ͷСģԶĶӶȥ
Сϵ׷شʮҪչ˲С
վԭأۿŻʮСĵӰʧ֮Уջ
ī˺˼䣬ױͷһԲ˲ͨ
ײμӸ߼£ֻΪ˺棬ѰӰˡͬʱҲܹӢд裬һβʵսᡣ
ڣһȷĿնɱΪСĳ
֪֮ҪСͼ죬ȫΪԭ
ڵڶֱУսʤ˱ѩӡ˹ûǧ裬ȻҪһʵĻ
ֻûϵǣСľȻΪԼ
ಣ
׽̤ӡԳ˱սһϢУʼչ
֮ǰֱֶѡȨ׶һЩĻᣬݴ͡
ӡ
һУһȪٻ˳ʼн򣬲һȫµʮëףſ̰޴ڵŨ
ʱҴңָһ˲䣬ֹȥʱ䡣
һգ׵УһƾҲ
һͳƣһһεϯˮС


1800 ޼ؽ
׵ĿˮһɨҵԼһҪĶ֣Ȼ008ѡа޺ۡ
008а޺ۣĪǰ˵8ѡôһơ
Ѿսʤѡ֣һ006Źﰲᣬһ003Ű˹ʥе̳
񣬱Ѿ˵֣ʣѡֻʮˡٱ֣ͿԾǰʮĹˡ
վǵ߳˷ţԳؾڴȥ
׿ڴȴƬ̣ǾãûмӰ֮£ֻ̤ؾڡ
ಣ
һҡػ֮һƬĮ֮УХɳַ䡣
Զһɽ֮ϣһӰǹͦԵʮֹ¼Ŷį
008а޺ѡ698ѡľʤ
׸ղؾһͳ
ף֡
üͷһЩȣ008а޺۲ѡôȻܹΪ8ѡ֣ʵһΪҪ
һʱЩɶͷԡ
ľϲ㣬һβսʤһһȫе꣬ʹǵ׵ǰĮ̺һĨŨŨĲʡ
üͷһ΢΢һЦ
ΪʲôҪʵа޺۸׵ĸоǳ䣬Բһӡ׿϶а޺۾ԲδսӣвѵĿԡ
ǰֱУǿУ̫ѾΪˡа޺۰̾
ԻȻص˵ͷ
߼µĲѡ֣϶ʥͶܹ֮ɽԽ棬̭ѶȾԽԽμģ־һǳҪĿ⡣
а޺۾һӡ
ᵽһ㣬Ͳò˵ˡֶѡȨνǳ
ʧ֮صİʢԴӾٰڸ߼Уûгֹ
ǿȺӵĵһˡ
ϣһʧ֮صİʢᣬ㻹Ƕʱһϵġ
а޺ĵ
΢΢һЦνʼ򣬴ǵ߳ؾ
ףȻΪһˣӵǧ˿ͬʱҲҪԼλͶߡ
а޺ֶԼսҪսʤ׵ˣ״һЦ֮ᡣ
ȻˣҲܾս
ಣ
״ؾ֮߳󣬽һϢУһˮʼۿı
һֱԵĶ֣ǰ˵5ѡ֡޼
޼һ߼µĵҪǰ˱ѩӰ˹ľԱ֮£޼λпܻҪ
ǺǣԸ޼ܹҷһʵıѵ촽һڴ
ˮתȥԿ޼һĲߣǳ˶ļһϿһ˸ߵؽԼķǳЭؽųơ޼һĴɱ
ֵһǣ޼ɱΪң֮ǰֱ޼Ķһȫɥ޼ؽ֮¡
ڣſĻᶼûС
ɱ
޼һϳͻе޼ʩչһɽʽ̩ɽѹһӽն˳꣬ƺҪһһΪ
ŴĿֲ޾⣬ԹԵšŤ裬͵һȭҶ
䡭
һȭƽ棬ȴ̺żΪֲܡ
֮ǰƾֿϡƽʽɱһλһλʥ֡
顭
ȻһΣɵȴǳꡣ
޼ΪֲĽ֮£ֱӱɳǧ׿⣬ؿڵĴֲҲ˺˿¶һ˿ڣƤⷭתѪ
ǵһ˵ҵˣͷһԼƣĮһЦ̧ͷ޼񣬱Ϊζ
ӲҪ㣬Ҫɱ㡭޼Цһһ֣ٶȻ޼ؽƲӥһ͵شʱһ˵ľܴΪ֮
áϣһģɫƺȻ˸һ£ţ͵ػӳһȭһȭ֮ǰһޣšŤ裬һѸ͵İȭ
ȻһΣ˾̾鷢ˣ
ȭͷȻս޼ؽ˳ȥ޼Ҳɳ˺üǧףǷһ޷
ۡ
޼ѪؿںȻһڴСѪӿɺѪ
ǲһ
޼ǰȭͷҪһȭɱ޼
䡭
޼


1801 ǰʮ
˾ȭͷһĨЦݣǵһ˵ҵĶ֣Ҳɱ㡭
˵ֱ֮תؾĳڴȥ
һδҲ̫˰գ5ӣȻӮ˸ɴ䣿׵ɴ˫Լ۾
ò˵ʵʵֲ̫ˡ5ӣҲȭͻ˶֣ʵ龳ˡ
ڴУÿһעųĹڣȫһֳһƬڡ
ţصĳ꣬жǿ󣿾Ȼʼնûչ¶ĵϸ
޼5ӣڵĴţû뵽Ȼȭܲˣ̫ʧˣ
꣬Ӧѡˣڣ֮ǰͷʢľҪѷһ
һʵȫǶʥֵ֪˵Ҳ֣һʵҪʵǳ̨ؿ׾ٵصϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӣǣΪʲôǴûмһ
ÿһʶ꾪ʵĹڣȫʧɫһզ̾
вٺߣʼбȽϡ
ĺ࣬ѡ֮⣬ֻӿĸ㡣У˳Ƶ698ľѡ֣սʤ6ӹﰲ3ӱѩӡ˹ʵСһ͸¶ĳˡʵ̫ǿˣ5ѡֶûܳסȭ
ҾóһĶţľ磬ȫеĲѡ֣
һǸϲľľֻһ벽ʥȴܹΣͷһһѪ漣Ѿڻ룬ľ˱ܹھΪʷϵһδΪʥն߼ܹھͷεĵһˣ
ö˵ĲѡУܻӭľλˡ
ĿһתˮѰıһҵ˻Ķб
ϧǣıѾˡûκε⣬˳˱ʤ
̭һֻ̭Ҫһ֣ͿǰʮסȻ󣬾һʱһ֮󣬻һΪҵĹھս
Ըһ֣ǻĻҾͿԾСıѩˡĻпҪһʱ䡣
а
֮ٶͳˮѰԼĶ
̭еĲѡֻʣ¶ʮÿһӡ
ֻҪӮ˵̭ܹɱǰʮΪڶʿеˡ
Ҫĵ012ѡһʱĮһЦһѡ֡
ѡ֣Ͳʲôӡ
ףһֶսĺ9ѡ֡һת˳Ķ
ҪԵ9ѡʱɵοЦ
Գʵսʤ9ѡֵ֣顣

ܾҪķѲٵʱˡ
״ǵ߳ϢңԼҪؾȥ
ಣ
һת֮һƬӲɽʱ˿̣վһ޷İɽ䡣
ڲԶһɽİɽ䣬վһĻٻӰʣ12ѡˡ
ɱ
׸ôкһͻñ״̬ٻħƽצҲƵ
Ȼûϵ׻ͻȻʹɱ֣⡣
顭
սһӣԾԵƻǺ׵ĵ̭ʹ˽Ҳ˳ǰʮΪ߼ǰʮס
״ǵشؾгֱϢң׼ۿı
˭룬ʱϢͨǰվһװֵļһȻޡ
ϲ㣬˱߼ǰʮ䷢ĽƷƣ
޴һŮеУһ壬ݸס
׽ӹƣɫǳáɷдż֮֡
֮
һƣое˼
һǧĽ𣡡ЦеؽһǬݸףڲ಻ٵװһǧ衣
Ŷһǧ裿
üͷһɵøоһϲȻûϵɱǰʮ˷Ľ
ҪǶܹھǶ٣üͷһʵ
ܹھǧ裬ǧ裬̽ǧ衭һһʮؽ͵Ե÷ǳġ
˻
ͣû뵽ɽĽ˷ѹôӢۺǰ߶Ľû


1802 
ľܹھһ֮Уϣ㵽ʱܹѵ״̬սȡǵΡ΢΢һЦȻʲôˣڴڼ䣬ᣬѹıȥ򡣡
᣿üͷһ֪˵ĵڣиָᣬǰ˵ĽǶ̨һһɫ
ֻǲ֪ǣỹеεĲ
޵ĿжϣƺᣬѹıһɴĻᡣ
õģпһȥ䡣׵ͷһЦ
ҪȥĻеƣԵõһѵİᡣҪ֪ڹϣҪԤһǷǳѵõġЦ
һʱüЦû뵽ÿһڸ߼ɱǰʮʿŻݡ
޺˼䣬׾߳˲ͨ
塣
ڲͨ⣬īѾȺʱһ׾üЦϲ㣬˳ɱǰʮ
ʼ򣬲ûнӻƺûоɱǰʮһֵø˵顣
ϧûҪȻҾܹʹɱ֣Сıѩˣ
̾
壬㲻żԺеǻᡣī밲οҿҲɱǰʮڽıУкܴĻ档
Ըˡ׵
̸䣬ŶķӶȥһʱ䣬͵ִɽĶǰ
īϣֵѡ
ݼλǰ
Ĺɵĵӣغڶԣһī룬ʱҾ
Сĵˣ״ʵ
ڻ̫ȫСβˡһʱ²ءĹɵһһһʮؽ͵
̾Ϣһʮָӡ
壬ڶолڣСĵƲɴ󰭡ī밲ο
׵˵ͷ
ԽһС
ԼĪº󣬶֮ӣһ󻶺̫ˣСƿסˣǼ࣡
ʦ㸣󣬳ɹɹΣڣһϢ
īڵһʱӶϯ
һͿһ΢ЦĻʮӶ˳
ϣСĵˣ׽ŵһĭʵ
ܺãѾסƣָٶȱеҪöֻ࣬Ҫأܹ׻ָȬˡ
ʮЦ
ԣһϲ΢΢һ
Ȼ˵СҪָأܹȫǳࡣʿ˵زֻǵָһ˲ʱһչҪķʮʱ⡣
ԣⲢʲô
ָ硭
ʱһӶдţһذȹСĿС԰ֽ޾ɡ
СģôˣҪúõС׻æǰСġ
С΢ҡ΢¶һıݣѾûдˣָ㲻õǡ
ˣָ硣ıûУɹɱǰʮ𣿡
СĳĽëͺһһڴĿ⿴ס
һЦظĵ죬ɱǰʮ˵ǴһǷһס
һԿš֮˳ݵСĵǰƣҶǰʮƾ֤
Сһϲش׵нӹƣ֮ذ棬һʱ䰮֡
ҪҲܹȡһöƾͺˡС죬
Ҫϲ͸ˡʮִ󷽡
ҲŲҪֲӮõҾҪҲûκε塣СƲƲ졣
װظСĵ㷢Сģżŵ磬Ϊһʥ֮ɱǰʮ׾١
Сص˵ͷȻйһ̾ȻѲԪ۷徳磬ȴδͻƿ̶ٳ߸ͷһ
ңˣضδܹҪ磬̸ף
Сҧ촽һģ
Сģʧ֮ÿٰһʢᣬһ϶ѳΪʥˣû׼һλʥˡ
ʮٺһЦѵ
ŶˡһʢᣬҪһžٰ죬еʱ䡣С°ͣϲ쳣ߺߣҽʥ֮һҪϵھŲ̨ףǫ́Ͽɡʱؽһʱ䶯
ԣʮʮĹɵĵӲɵԡ
ĹɷǳأӲ뽭µҲΪ͵߽Ҳúܵ
˭룬СľȻҪʵǳ̨ڳ̨һʶӡ
һСԸԳô˲ΪˣĹһض͵Ȼۡ


1803 
һ̸Ц֮ʣ޷ĶУ½ʿӶԶӶȥ
ʶ񣬲һ󣬾֪ԭ򣬶ʱ΢΢һЦ
ǸʲôȥΪʲôôˣ
ĹɵһӺ
˵ǹҪٰһʢᣬƽʱĶͬһҪĶѹ׵ı
Ц
Ŷ
ʢҲȥոְɣ˵ҲԵһЩö
Сһ˵ᣬСȸԾ˷ܲѡ
Сģ飬ҪĵͲҪˡʮεСģǲʡġ
׵ͷͬ
ҵѾסˣ˵ˣʧ֮صĵ̣û˸ҷ䶷ʲôΣյġ
Сĳ׵½ǣ˵ˣдˣҲػҵ𣿡
ԣʮɵӿЦ
ҪǲСȥ֣ǲưոˡ
ðգߣһͬǰȥڽǶĶӮ˾ǧ裬ټɱǰʮһǧ裬׬ڽ衣ȫԺ޹˼ɵػӻӻ
Ц
õ׵ͬ⣬Сĵ˷ܵسǰ׵ı䣬Цۡ
ಣಣಣ
סʮīһˣʱ𣬳ԶĳڷӶȥ
Ҫ뿪˹Ͻĵ̣Ҫ;Ƕ·ǶʱСľطڽǶſڴҳһټͼ
ͼϣܹʮͼƬÿһͼƬ϶ӡһͼһͼϣȻӡ׳ಲɱĻӢˬһɱ
ָ쿴Ļ񱻹ҳˣ
СĽָǶڴһһǽСĻ
ʱī롢ʮһˣȫѭȥ
Ҳתͷȥ
ԭǱ߼ǰʮܡĿһɨʱжϡ
ʮˣ֮⣬ֻԳ˽⣬Ĳѡ֣Ҷδš
ĿһЩԼ˽ĻšĶŹÿһı¼顣
ڷȵĻһӣһʥóٿزľ֮ʢ
׵ĿһŮϣĶĽܡ
񣿡
ȻСһ壬һʶʮǰϹ̨ĵھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӡֻþʶӾͱߴſȡˡ
ˣҲΪļΧشȴܹڳ̨ڲʶӵ֮ӡ
СĳģңúƯ˵ţ΢΢˫ӵĿ⿴ס
׵ɿһĿӻĻƿò˵񳤵õȷǳƯԼ˹ŵŮ˿ʮ
״ʱ˿̲ûκεаֻ˵Ϲ̨оǳˡ
ϾҲڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣʵǳ̨Ѷȣġ
ָ磬ǲǾƯСһвףСϢ쵽׵СϣֻҪ׵Ļش⣬̾Ҫ׵ĶƤ˺һ
ƯôһҲûƯҡҡͷ򶨵ػش
𡣡
Сķһۡ
׵ĿתƣԱߵһﻭ񡣺ɲɣһŮֻ뻨ͬǣѩһϮذ׳ȹøɾ㣬ͺƴƶ׹ӣֱֲӵĸо
ڡѩɽѩĶӣһʥóѩ֮ࡣ
߶ܣΪ˲СĳԴףĿһתſﻭ
ڡԨѪ̶Ѫаĺӣһʥóⲫа
׿һĽ˶ڷ٣͹꣬ɵƲƲ죬оһѪһ
ĿһתԱߵһﻭеڽΣһ֮
ڡáľĪߺӣһʥǽսⲫԶսԹǷʮóһȫѡ֡
΢΢һЦĪеȫѡ֡
ָ磬쿴úó󣡡
ȻСĳ˳׵䣬ָһﻭ񽿺
̧ͷȥɵʧЦ
ڡħڡƣΪͷ쾳ʥֳ֣һųݶңóⲫ
ЦⲻǸˣҲÿˡ


1804 ϯʦ
֮⣬ӿֳ㣬ˣһǣ쾳磬Ǹʥһаī쾳硣
׵ĿͶ㣬СĴЦָ磬ǰʮУֻһδ硣
Цŵ˵ͷ
īһԲʧ֮ʷһδ磬ͳɹڸ߼ɱǰʮʿ
˵ǿʷˣ
īһЦ
׵һЦ˰֡
Ҫ֪Ԫʱ򣬾͵˳̨ھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӡ
֮£ʧ֮شһССļ¼ֵһᡣ
һ˳ܿ߳˰˿ƵĵһȦ˹˿Ƶĵ
˵ڴһ޴ĹţŵϷһ̫״ͼڣɢӨӨ⡣
ʱвٵʿһһŹڲȥ
һ˴Ҳ˹˵ڲ
밵һڲĽ۴αȣСؽֽһЩ¥ݡꡢߵꡢꡭ洦ɼÿһҵڣĿˡ
һ˳Ĵ򣬺ܿһƵӴǰ
һɫĽ񹤣ſŴɫȹŮЦӭſˡ
һ˴ڡ
һ¡
һԵһδʵķһ˵ǰÿλҪһٽ衣Ҫ뾺ģҪٽ裬Ϻ󣬿Իһĺơ
ԣ׵˵ͷ
СһҪڴУܵü΢
ǹĹɵĽ֦ҶǧС㣬ĶԸ뷷䣬ݲʿͬһң
۸񲻹СĲû˵ʲô
ʵϣֻҪܹһСѾǳˣյЩԣѾࡣ
Ҫһᡣ˼磬һ۾ͿСĵĲá΢΢һЦ
Ҫס᣿
ԲɵҡͷһЦ´һףǳ󣬲һܹܵġңʢỹмʱ䣬ʱΣͱ˸Ԥˣõܹõġ
СĶʱ̾һ˵ļһ
Сģģڣ϶Ūһᡣ׸һСĵķ˿һһԿš֮Ƹ˳ڻǰһΡ
ǡ֮ƣ
ڸ߼϶ǰʮ
һؿף̾
΢΢һЦ
һ£һ¹´ˡһȻǵس˴֮УƬ̺һɽСͷ˳һ׾ЦеѽѽԭľѣʧԶӭʧԶӭ
΢΢һû뵽СͷȻʶԼ
ҿʵڡƺܵеɻɽСͷ΢΢һЦ
ߣͰźһᣬ
һˣǵ˴ڲ˳ǵ¥ʰϣܿһװ޵ùɫİС
ڲݺ裬ȺƣԼŮغڴˡ
ľѣᣬһ࣬ؿ·ᡣ⣬ҪǿǵıֱӾġλŮ㰲źһеġ
Цеؽܵ
ãáһЦǰˡ
޷
Ħһɽ˹֣Ҿиˡ
˵ţתȥ
ǺǣǶȷǳã壬û뵽ƣȻЧáʢеõһᡣ
īһƨһ̴ľϣ϶һ裬򣬶ʱƮƮɵĸо
ԼŮСظī赹ˮ̵÷ǳܵ
£סСġīһˣȫΧڰУ͸ˮֿ·Ĵȥֻȫͷַ̣͵ʿһ㡣һȥ˵Ҳмʮˣޱȡ
ǺǣҿаᣬȻĻҪڴˡСһЦ
ܿ죬ʱҴҶţĿʢʽʼ
һϵ߳ӵĽܹ˿̨һЩ΢ֵˣԳơǮ౦ЦһкĸоԴ˽ʿ֪һթ̰ļһóƻ֮ҪȻҲΪ˵ϯʦ
һʢᣬÿһıǾƷ˼ʮ˵ÿһʿǳڴǳƷ


1805 ϻü
ˣϻ˵ֱӳϵһƷ
Ǯ౦ҽһֱ֮ŮһƷ
ֻһĻź۵Ůһ̣չʾ̷̨ϡ
ϣһеıڵ
˷׷ΣһĿ˸˸Ⱥ۷׷ס
УסСġīˣҲͷȥ˫Ź⡣
һƷһߣϻüסǧϵı˿Ϊϻûɡһ벽ķ
Ǯ౦дԵɤĵһڣͺƽĺжһذըڳʿȫһһɴ˫̾
ţʢȻ벽ķó
벽ķǳ󣬾Ǹ壬ҲֻǵļгϺУмСû뵽Ȼа벽ѵõǣϻüסһߣ
ҪǴϻüף¾ʥ֣޷ɱǱľװ
һʱ䣬о糱ÿһڶѣѪڣ
ڲһˣҲԭأԼ۾
˺ôֱʣһƷǰ벽ıϻüףţ
СĽһ
׺пѣ벽ǳʧ֮صʢȻܹ˴۽磡
ŵǣϻüףһߣ֪ͬķУΪġһҪķѵĵر࣬ҲΪҪԿ̵ķӡ
ϻü׵ļֵһǹ
׳
һǹ״ʨֵǽɻսƷܹǰ벽ķһһǹʹ͸СزһһǹԼš
Ȼ˵һǹһǳķҪñϻü׿϶ԥشӦ
ͬƷʵķ빥ԷĲ𣬿νࡣ
ָ磬ҪϻüףҾͲװܸǸˣôصˡС˵еıϻüף᲻Ųߡ
ȡϻü׸׵
˴˷̾У̨ϵǮ౦ֽϵĺ첼ʱһĵɢ
ͬʱһɿֲϯ˸оһ̩ɽѹͷϣ޷
ðıϻüף
֮õıףǳ
ûһĲ𣬷ǳѵã϶Ҫһ۵ģ
еһڹڣ۷׷ס
ϻüף׼һڽ衣ÿһμӼۣʮȪǮ౦̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ȫ

䣬ȫһһǮ౦۸ˡ
׼һڽ裿
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ŵǣÿһμӼ۶ʮȪζʲô
ζҪϻüףķһڽ費ֻһ۵ʱȪĵģ
ȪʿãԶ
ÿһȪпܸıһʿˡ
컯ɾУȪ˵ĸ߼Ӳͨ
ϻü׹ǵ׼۾Ҫһڽˣˡ
ҲֻЩǮĺŹǧ𣬲ܹˣ
ϻüһıҪܹõռΪУôӽɥˣ
еĹһ󾪺һŸ̨ϵıϻüף̾
ȻھĹ˵Ҫ±ϻüףǳ˵ΡΨж࿴ۣˡ
ڵİС
ù󡣡
īҡͷԣû뵽ϻü׵ļ۾Ҫһڽ裬ҪĻҵġסǸӰˣ
īĻף۾Ļı״ɵģƷʣҪڱϻü֮ϡ
ΪǮˣһʢ϶²ٵıûϵһ׽ĸо
׿Цá
Ȼ˵һӮ˽һڽ衣⣬׵ıУҲ㿪Ҳһڶ衣
裬ܹڶ
ǣҪ¡ϻüסȻԶԶ
Ϊ±ϻüף׻׼һ
Ȼ˵ӵſԲϽۣҪϻüףǣǽϻü͸СģôСƱؽܸж
Ŀʼ
̨ϣǮ౦ϻü׵ĻϢһ飬ֱŷؽϻü׸һͨۿʼ
ҳһٵȪ
䣬һͺȴӸ̨ϵһд˳
ৡ
ʱеļʮڣȫѭȥһĿ⸴ӣгĽʺ޵ζ
ϤСıݽҧɫ˲
ǻ
ڻСϤˡһͲ³ˡ
ãŰῪһٵȪļ۸˭Ҫ۵ץٶȣ˿ɾͱ˸ˡ
Ǯ౦Це
ҳһʮȪȻеһߣĳ
ѭȥһȫۣϢߡΧĹڣȫĪظоĵ׷Եһǧʬ
ʬڵĿǰ
ʬڵ˷ǳóʬҷҲǳڡΨһȱ㣬Ƿϲÿǰõ˱ϻüףôǰʵƱؽһɳ졣ͬ׵ʿУܹĶ֡
ҳٵȪ
˭룬ûǮ౦ߴ٣һ˿һεľͬڸ̨ϵһᡣ
ã9ŰĹͳٵȪ˸𣿡
Ǯ౦ϲЦտ
ҳٵȪ
ʱ׾
䣬Сľ־㵵ףƺǷˡ
ָ磬ϻü׵ĵ׼۾Ҫһڽ裬ʵ̫ˣΪʲôҪģСɻ
ǺǣֻҪϲϵǣҶժ
΢΢һЦ
СĶʱСߺ죬۵صͷֱ׵۾
5ŰٵȪǮ౦
ҳٵȪ
䣬ڵİУʹһܵ

ȫһ󾪺
δҲ̫ƴˣÿμӼۣʮȪӼһΣãͼӼٵȪҪǮ˵Ľࡣ
ٺ٣ϻü׶ҷǳáҪǵõϻüףʥУû˭ܹùҡ
֮ҾҪμӽǶܹھսֻҪõϻüףͲκһ֣ڵϣ
ԣ۸ʲôĴۣҪϻü׸ΪУ
ţһ˫ţ۵ɵúͭһһڱصõļơ
ĪǷ𣿡
5ŰУҧгݡ
Ҫ֪еȪҲֻ߰ٵΣ⻹ϴ֮նսƷ
񣬻һſڣͽ۸̧ٵȪѾҪ׵ļޣ׵кܲζ
ָ磬Ǵ˲ҪˡСĳ˳׵½ǣҾû塣
СΪһʱ嶯еĻȫģæ


1806 
ζһЦһĨ˸ǺǣҾǵòϻüףҲҪûǸСֶһЩѪ
ûǮ౦׽źҳ߰ٵȪ
ȫʱΪ֮ȻһĽʺ޵5Űᣬһ
ã5ŰῪ߰ٵεȪҪӼ𣿡Ǯ౦˷쳣ʦ˵ϲģ֮໥໥̧ˡ
һ̧۵ļ۸񶼻ֱ
ģ5Ű᾿˭ȻҸ̧ܣ
6ŰУһеľƱ÷飬ŵһԵŮȫ£Сɷס
ߣܳʲô۸ϻüҶҪˡ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣ
죬ҾҵҲҪϻü׸
ҧ
û˼Ӽ۵ĻҾҪʼˣǮ౦ƻڳĹڡ
ҳһǧȪ
ٿشһ
ʱȫѻȸ
һǧȪ
֮Ȫ¾Ǻߴĸ߲㣬Ҳ˵óóġ
Χشʿ˵ҪõȪҪɽˮǰĵشѰҺʵʵǵ㣬лǵļȪ
ÿһȪġ
һǧȪ
Χشʿ˵Ǹ붼ľ޴Ƹ
6ŰеĻȻһۣʱڳļʮʿȫ̾Ϊֹ
Ҳ6ŰеļһںߴҲֻкߴˣȶΧռʵǳ̨ԴԴϵػȡȪΧʿҪõһȪ죬һЩ壬ɽˮƴҲδܹȡ֮Ȫ
ǿɲһ˵Χĺ壬ߴΪˣרΪߴṩʣߴȪȡʡ˵6ŰеļһΧشĺŹӻǧ𡣡
ҵģʲôʱܹõһȪͺˣĻҾлԪ磬Ϊ˵еʥˡһǧȪ붼ĲƸ
ڳļʮڣڶݵĳ֮󣬷׷ʧظп̾
ʧ֮صʢᣬÿһǾƷ۸߰ĹڣֻոֶѣֻмҲƴֵˣŻṺһĵƺţ뾺ġ
񿴵ǷǮľٶüʮĹڶ۸ͬʱ鲻ԽһЩĽʺ޵޲ûӽԼ
5ŰС
һǧεȪ˵ŹŵϵУʱóȻ١
ܹһóһǧεȪԲżȻ
ʮɵΪ֮ݣĲ̾Ϊֹ
Ҿ֪ƴҲҪϻüף׶ʵ̫Ҫˡ
׻ЦѣΪҵ̧ۣٵεȪ϶ʹѣ
СĿЦͣһ׵
6ŰĻ۸̧һǧȪ֮ȫѻȸû˼뾺ġ
չʾ̨ϣǮ౦ڵȺһ֮󣬿ʼãҪ±ϻü׵ıҪץʱˣʧʧڣҪʼˡ
һ
һǮ౦еͭ£һöĽ
һƷϻüס6ŰĹãϲϲ
Ǯ౦Ц˵ų滰ȴһҲᡣ
ܿ죬ŮһϹµͬ£װűϻü׵̸6Űȥ
һʱ䣬һ˾6Űķš
š
ڵһŮæǰš
ϲ±ϻüףϷ˹Х졯˷ǰרŽϻüġһĸߴߣϢۻ룬һ龳ĸ֡
ѺͲƷû˵ͼ졣
ԭǰʧʧæ̴ľվХҾ
ǹĺţХΪĸ⣬һ
ùĸǰ񣬻ĹӸ磬ȻҲҵ
ıϻüףãһ¡Х΢΢ͷָеıϻü׵
ϻüףذһأЩδҪХڳ»᲻÷еıϻüס
Ŷˡ㽫¸ˡ
ܵХĿеĲͣʱһţڨڨһЦӱٻǬݸХ졣
ǰǬУһǬװһڽ裬һװһǧεȪĿ

á
Хʶһɨ̽ǬУһ̧ͷЦãáӣǺڡ
˵ţ˹˹֣໥


1807 Ѫ
ǳϵڶƷ
Ǯ౦дԵɤٶ쳹ȫÿһڶ߰Ρ
ܿ죬һŮһչʾ̨֮ǰһϸһ첼
ڶƷһӡƣӡһͷ쾳ġѪ
ѪǸ߽壬ǳϡ٣лĽ˵Ҫϡͨ£ѪҪǧܹ꣬ԪƳ塣ڵѪͨӵ龳ʵ
ڣеѪܹ𾳽磬Ϊ˵еĴڣ
Ǯ౦䣬ȫһ
˵еĸ߽֡Ѫ
һƬȻһĿ࣬
ûϵʧ֮صʢϣȻд˵еѪ
ƺܵ˹еɣǮ౦ֽϵĺ첼һѪɫƣڼʮڵǰһΡ
˶ȥؿѪɫԿһ˫˫צѪɫ̬һ̬Ƴ졣
ܽѪٻ𣿡
ҪѪ
һûм˵еѪ۸
ֳһƬң
ӡƣ֮ҪٻҪѪС
Ǯ౦΢΢һЦҧ⣬һξѪѪɫϡ
ˡ
һ£һĨĹεƬ̺Ǯ౦Ѫ֮񣬾˷ӡУΪѪˡ
Ķ򿪡Ǯ౦һԵĹԱһ
ǡʱ˷ɱȥ
һϿյķǵطֳ֣˿̧ͷȥؿơ
ڣҾҵԸѪٻ
Ǯ౦һЦͺһѪҺɣ
ֻǮ౦еѪɫ͵һ£һѪɫı⣬ʱϯ
𡭡
һ춯صХ쳹ȫ᳡òҡΣϵĻҳشض䡣
ţĿ֮£һһǧɵӴ˵ǰ
Ѫ̬ȫͣ¹ͷ߾ţβһɺѪĳһȣһǵصķ籩ϯ˿
Ѫһ͵һ˫ᣬεƳ졣
ѪǺÿֲʥ
ѪһѪɫ޼ֻ֣ѪɫǶֵѪѪֵѪѪɫһѪͬǳֲѪߡҪʤһֻצҪѷɫһЩ
˭Ҫӡƣ൱ڵõһƴ֡ѪȻֻ쾳磬ţսԲѷɫһƵʥ֣
еļʮڣһ̧ͷֵžϵѪһҪܹõѪôѪϣʱ򣬽ôɡ
תۼܹΪ˵еʿ
5ŰУһ۷׷ףѪΪ档
Ѫûг꣬ȫ״̬µѪǣѾǳѵˡ˭ҪܹõѪһǿ֡
īпѡ
ҡͷһЦѪȴûжȤǺǣѪ͵Ѫ͵ѪѪɫ߰츳ѪࡣӵŰѪɫһУֻҪҽ߾磬Ǿܹõվܸҵľ硣ȻѪɫ壬ҪԼѪʵõöࡣ
ӵŰѪɫǰѪ
Ҫ֪׵Ѫɫİ壬һУңѪɫСˣֻҪӵ㹻裬ܹһͷոµѪɫȱ
֮£̬ѪҪǲСıɱˣôӡƾͻһõķӡƣҪӡµս
񿥵Ѫ
СĿһ۸߿еѪ鲻ԽظпһܿЦһתͷףָ磬һǾѪɫһЩ
һص˵ͷ
ѪɫͬʱƣȻһѪܹᲢ۵ġ
ΪӡƱͷǳԵʣԣӡѪƣ۸ҲԸ߰һЩ⡣
ӡѪķӡƣϻüһ׼һڽ裬ÿһμӼ۲ʮȪ
Ǯ౦
䣬˿ڳۣʮȪ
ҳһٵȪѪһ꣬ͻΪ龳ޣǱǳ޴󣡡
ʣѪһֻƷս裬û˵ҳٵȪ
ܿ죬еĲٹڣʼ˷ؾ


1808 ƽ
ҳٵȪٺ٣ӵһͷ˵еѪս裬붼ûţ
ҳİٵȪҪͷѪһúû󣬾һͷ龳սˣ
ҳٵȪѪѪͷǳűһǽѪˣҾֽзû׼ܹѪĸ߽
ҳٵȪ
ܿ죬˷ľͳ᳡
һʱ䣬ӡƵļ۸Ѿ̧һǧٵȪļ۸ϡ
ʱȫѻȸ
5ŰУСһȵʵΪʲôӡƻȱϻü׻Ҫ⣡
΢΢һЦѪļ۸񣬱ȱϻüҪ߳һ֮е顣Ҫ֪Ѫһ֮󣬾ӵ龳Ϊһ龳ѪΪս裬һϻü׿ҪʵöˡңѪѪҲǳַܣֵҲܴ󡣡
С˼磬һͨʱȻص˵ͷ
ϻüȻ󣬵ʥֵУҲܹʥгưԡһ龳ĸ֣ͲǶˡ
龳ʿűϻüףҲδܹЦе龳֡
Ѫ֮ӵ龳ΪѪ츳׿ײУսһ龳ֻҪǿһ
ѪҪʵõöࡣ
ȻˣҪ뽫Ѫ״̬ҲһһϦ顣
û˾ۣҪû˾۵ĻҾҪˣǮ౦Цеѯʡ
ҳһǧٵȪ
Ȼڸ̨ϵһУһϵɤһֳӸλĴ
ã15ŰĹһǧٵεļ۸񣬻˼Ӽ𣿡Ǯ౦һļһء
۸һһǧٵȪɼ15ŰѪľģ
ȫžš
Ƭ̺Ǯ౦ʼ
ҳǧȪ
Ǯ౦̧еͭ׼һʱ򣬸̨ϵһУȻ˿˸ߵļ۸һŮˡ
ǧȪ25ŰĿ˿ǧεȪ̫۹ˣ
Ǯ౦˷ܵȫķⶼҲҪӼ𣿡
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫͶ15Űᡣ
15ŰǵϵĬƬ̣أ򶨵ؿڣҳǧٵȪ

䣬᳡ը˹һһʧ
ţ15Ű﾿ʲôˣȻǧٵȪһͷѪ
ʧ֮صʢϼ쿪ʼһЩںĵشĹǧǰ룬Ҳʲôˡ
϶ںĵشˣĻû˾˵Ĳ
۷׷ס
ǧٵȪ۸Ѿ̧ǧٵȪҪӼ𣿡
Ǯ౦һڴؿ25Űᡣ
15Ű25ŰĿˣڷӡѪƶһڱصõļơһſڣֱӽ۸ٵȪ˴ֱʣĿࡣ
ҪôؾۼΣôʢͽˮǴߡ
Ŀ֮£25ŰеŮˣйһ̾Ϣһٿڡ
Ǯ౦ʮĵصȴһֱȷûټӼ֮󣬲ؿʼһ
һǮ౦һ
ϲ15Űѣ˷ӡѪĹƣ
Ǯ౦ϲЦտһӣھ֮ϵѪ;ԻΪһĨѪ⣬֮С
Ǯ౦ڳ˵棬Ĩȥ˷ӡеѪ֮Ȼ󽫷ӡСطŻУú첼ϡ
һԵŮ̿뿪ڹХ족ͬ£Գ15Űȥ
λѣϷŸոտʼиΪصıҪǳҾڴ
Ǯ౦һЦ̨»˻֡
ܿ죬һŷɫȹŮһ̨ź첼̣Сذڷϡ
Ҫıšƽ𵤡
ţλڷƽ𵤣ҲţڴҾͲˣ
Ǯ౦ҿϵĺ첼¶ŰڷöָͷСĽ𵤣ԡ
һŨҩζ᳡ļʮڶΪ֮һ
ƽ𵤣Ǵ˵еķƽ𵤣
˵ⷨƽ𵤣ɵǵһɽ񣬴ɽļƷҩǳϡ٣ÿһŶֵǣû뵽վȻҼ˴˵еķƽ𵤣̫ˣ
˵ƽһִ󲹵ʥµʿصˣֻҪһڣһŷƽ𵤣£ָܹȬ
ˣⷨƽ𵤶츳ѪҲһãɽ磬ܶʿֹԪ磬޷һֻҪһŷƽ𵤣ɵʿܹ˳磬Ϊһʥöƽ𵤣ǳһöЧ
ֳĹȺ۷׷ס


1809 ɵ
5ŰС
һڲ裬Ŵйǵܿ죬ͶԷƽһ˽⡣
ⷨƽ𵤾Ȼ컯ɾһɽɽɵ
µʿֻҪһڣصƣһ֮Ҳܹڶ̶̵ڻָȬ
һöƷ󲹵ۣ
һզྪ̾
ƽ𵤷ǳϡ٣ɽҲǱȽϹصһ൤ҩⷨƽȻ߶ˣ޿áǶһЩͶ˵ʿȴ޼֮
ϧƽ𵤵ǳӣ˳֣ѰʿҩЧ˾˵Ľ
˵ȻһɽУмΪˣϴŷƽ𵤡ⵤҩȴԽԽ١ݹ컯ɾܹƷƽ𵤣νϡΪڷƽ𵤵ļ۸񱻳ԽԽߡ
ʮΪһɽ񣬶ڷƽŷȨ
ţʱ˵ͷĩˣתͷСС֣ЦʵСģֹԪ۷徳Ѿˣ
Сգգ۾ϸһ£˼صͷšʮ˰ɡ
ʮꡭ
ھʿ˵ƿܶ༸ǧ궼δܹͻơСֹֻԪ۷徳ʮ꣬Ҳˡ
ҪСһֱûܵõӶһͻƿĻôԺǳһʱڣȻͣԪ۷徳磬޷Ϊһʥ
ʱ䣬пǼ죬пǼ꣬ҲпǼǧꡭ
˵ⷨƽ𵤣һö󲹵̷֮󣬶ڳżӳá˵ɵʿƾһŷƽ𵤣˳磬Ϊһʥ
С㱾츳ѪʮֳڣƾԼʵҲܹ˳ΪʥǣҪǷһöƽ𵤵Ļţܹܿٳ߸ͷһ
ңشҪصʱǣֻҪһöƽ𵤣ֻҪ̶̵ʱ䣬ָܹȬ
Ц
ԣСĲɵһ˫һܿ죬Сľץ׵֣ҡҡͷָ㲻뾺İգУԲСʢĶʵ̫ˣܹܵġ
СΪԭѪСԴҡúƲ˹һ
ײɵõһЦѾ⡣תͷչʾ̨ϡ
ŷƽ𵤣һоĵģ׼ǧ裬ÿһμӼۣʮȪ
Ǯ౦˵׼ۣʼ˾ۻڡ
5ŰУһǧıۣʱһоԼϣ
Ҫ֪ǰƷĵ׼ۣһڽ裬ճɽļ۸Ҳǳ߰һεŷƽ𵤵ĵ׼ֻۣǧ裬ǰƷҪ˲١
Ǻǣƽ󣬱ϾҲƷһ֮ûˡȻϻüѪð󡣡
ŷƽ𵤣׼۾ͿǧۣѾǳˡ
ī
ʮ˵ͷͬⷨƽ𵤵ãһǾֻܹʥµʿһǰԪʿͻƿ磬Ϊʥʣֻɡ
Ȼƽ𵤵Ч÷ǳãϾԵȺȽϾ컯ɾУвپҩġ⣬ѪǵĵҩҲûУֻûзƽ𵤵ôðˡ
ȻдƷⷨƽ𵤵ļ۸һ޶ȣ᳡֮еǧĵ׼ۣҲ㹻ĲųԵʡͨһЩµĹǧá
ʮ渵ʮ͸
˼
ҳʮȪ
ҳһٵȪѾֹԪٶˣҪһŷƽҽ
ҳٵȪҵĵ36ӣ츳ٶʱ䣬Ԫ磬ŵϣ꣬ٶԽԽʼƿҪܹöƽ𵤣ܹһ֮ˣ
ҳٶʮȪЩӣΪŷƽ𵤣Ȼô߰ļ۸񣡡
һʱ䣬˾ͽŷƽ𵤵ļ۸񣬸̧ٶʮȪļλϡ
ʱ򣬾۵ֻǵļÿһμӼҲȽϵýʮȪʮȪؼӼۡ
ϾƽȻϡЧðҪǳ̫ߵļ۸񣬾ˡ
6ŰУո˳±ϻüףȲ䴩ϵĻһŷƽ𵤣̲סش궯˫֣Ŀ¶̰֮ɫ
Ҫܹõöƽ𵤣ôܹھʱ򣬾Ͳ̫ܵˡսҲܹϼѵ״̬
ңöƽ𵤣ҵѪǣҲһĸҪ
Ϊܼӣ̰һ𣬾һʰ


1810 е
ϧΪ˹򡮱ϻüסѾ̫Ǯơֻʣǧ裬벻ٵεȪˡ
ǧ裬֧öƽ𵤵ĵ׼ǹˡǣȪȴֻʣ²ٵΣ۸Ҫöƽ𵤣ǱȽΣյġ
һ鲻Խذ̾
ܿ죬ҡҡͷпģ֪ͶһЩȪˣҲôǱ
ˣٵȪٵȪ˵û˾ۣͱҸˡϾⷨƽ𵤵ļֵҲޣ̫ܳߵļ۸񡣡
ҧҧƺ¶˾ģһѣҳʮȪ
ҪʼǮ౦һŰᴫ˱ʱϲЦտŰĿǺ۹⣬ÿһγֶǳ׼Ҫŷƽ𵤣ǿǴ׬׬ˣ
˵ţǮ౦תͷ˴ڴܹٶȳۡ
ϧȫѻȸûäĿؼӼۡƽ𵤵ļֵޣʧȥԵط񾺼ۡ
Ǯ౦΢Щʧ׼ڵʱŰдһ
ҳٵȪ
Ȼ׵
ã6ŰĵǸóʱͳۣǮ౦˷ܵķⶼڲ˼Ӽ𣿡
ȫûһ˳
Ǯ౦Ŀ⣬Ͷ6Űᡣ
6Űڣֱţ֣ģڰС֣ÿһζҪҪ֪˭һҪʬΣ
һɱӻϯŵһԵŮС԰ֽɪɪ
ι㡣𣿡
бһŮʵɫЩΡ
ĹӣߵﶼֻиСѵķݣʲôʱ޹ˣ
Ůæҡͷǰ᳡ǸŲ˵ġ
ʲôˣ֪˭𣿡
ҧгݣվ̣ҿĹӣȥǹµĽ
Ůŵ˫ȷ뿪ˣһĻʱ첽Űȥǣȥǰ
䣬ɵɫһͷ
ڹХ죬ǳıƢ˵һȻĹӣǣҪХˣûôס
˵ˣХ˹ĸ̸۱ֻһȻ͸Хǰָֻˡ
˼Ƭ̣ػһת򿪷żŮȥǰˣҲ׼ˡģǻ
ŮɵһΪźת˰ᣬŸˡ
ףղ˵ƺǻ
ƺҪˣ
ʶ񣬶һʱһƣЦ
һΪǮԭҲˣȻҲṷǽü˳۵˽ǮЦ
ʮֳ죬Ӻһת뵽һƲߡ
ָ磬ҲǷǳҪõŷƽ𵤣ҪȻĻҲ뵽Ҫˣ
ƺѾɬǮˡ
СĿֱЦ
ܹûԱСȻǸ˵ġ
̨ϣǮ౦ھһ֮ۿټӼۣӶеͭһһ
ϲ5Űĵѣ˳ŷƽ𵤣Ǯ౦ϲص
£һŮ̨ŷƽú첼ڸǣȻХͬ£ֱ5Űȥ
Űڣһض㣬ֻԼûЯ㹻ȪҪȻƽ˵ʲôҲˡ񣬾ֻܹؿŷƽ˵У̾ˡ
һʱ䣬ХʹһŮŰſڣߵš
ĹɵһӴ򿪷š
ХŮԲ5Űᣬ˵⡣
ڹĹɵĵ˳Ҫرշŵʱ򣬺ȻָڲԶһУ̽һԴü۵سŰ
һƣȻƽʱƴ֣ţĻ
һЦһڣʲô˵ţһϷţ
̽⣬ҪŰǺηʥĻЩõѪ
Ȼ
ģҳô󣬻ͷһôң
̣ɫһһס
תһ룬Ű˵ȷʸô˵
ΪڸղŵľУŰˣһѹ˻ŷƽ𵤡
۲ռϷ硣Ҳδɣ
ˣˡ
ȥʦ壬˲Űĵϸʧ֮һ̤ʧ֮صĴţǺʬѪɡ
ʱҿǻҲţ
ҧгݣͷһһġ
վһԵŮģŵòᣬȴҶֺĻпܻɱ֮
֪ѾŭĵĻ᲻ὫͰ


1811 ɢ
ŰУһǬ˳ݸХ죬ǰĿ
Х׵нӹǬʶ̽УƬ̧̺ͷ΢΢һЦû⡣
˵ţʾŮŷƽ𵤵ݵ׵ǰ
ֽװŷƽ𵤵ĺֻоһƢҩӿڱǣʱһˬ΢΢
Ȼƽ𵤵ƷʣΪ⡣
ľСѣҿıǳ㡣ϣܹܹھϼѵı֣ȡܹھ
Х׵ļһ˵ŸоǷԷθڿ׺ѡ
лǰһ㾡ȫ׵һЦ
Х֮ŮɵؽŸ
Сģ㡣׽һŷƽ𵤵ݸСġ
СĵʹͷسףЩ˼кȻһС˵Ļһϲϲ㣬ҪԸԸϻǮ
Сĵĸ龭һƬհףű˵Ļϸϸһ룬ɵĻŭš
ҪǲϲƾʲôҪķؽķƽ͸
ллָ硭СŤһ׵Ĵߴ£һŷƽ𵤣۵Ц⡣
öƽ𵤣¾ָܹȬ⣬ͻƿĻᣬ
΢΢һЦһƽ𵤸С
šС΢㡣

Ȼ׳žһԵŮ֣Ůƣɵ˹Ը
״ֽʣд˼֣۵ãݸŮֽŰˡ
ǡ
Ů˵ͷֽԿųŰȥ
壬дʲôʮʮ̰һѵƺȸͣ˵ʱʱشһá
Ǻǣ÷ƽΪնԼʢ¥ĵСۡ
һЦɱȻ
Ŷ
īɫ΢䣬ʵ壬ĪŻ֣Сıѩޣ
صص˵ͷ
Ҫ뱨ĻΪʲôԼʧ֮ĻĮͷīһɻ󣬡ʧ֮һ֣׾ɱ֮
ʮСҲúĿ⿴ס
ҡͷһЦĹӣ˷ǰʧ֮棬ǧ龳ĸػҡҪǽԼڻĮͷ϶СĻҪѩޣ¾ûôˡ
˼ص˵ͷ
ǽԼ¥Уз֮ġʱа취֪ؽնɱ

ʮīԲɵһۣ϶ֳһĨ΢Ц
ò˵˼ܣѰԴĦ͸⡣
ֻҪҽᣬȫ⧲֮˺ѿռ䣬ռѷ֮УζϵľǴ˵еŽ壡
ʮһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻư
Űķűߵ졣
ţ
Ҫ뿪ѰԼʦ壬ŰĵϸӶɱԷ˭룬ûžͱߵˡ
˭
һڣÿһᶼǲ෨Ψд濪ţܹ
£ûԥֱӴ˷š
ŰŮһֽҪŮɵؽеһֽݸ˻
ŶӹֽչһֻһдӡҪƽʢһ¥㣬ɢ
¥ңɢ
ʱЦһӺһתɵһƣС֣ûˣˡ
ã
ҵҪǺηʥҪˣʲôУҪǲԹԽƽ𵤽ҶҪԲ˶ߡ
һǰŮһȥŰС˵˵ӵ
ǣǡŮŵһ飬æӦ
飡
˦ֽŸˡ
һŰķűߵ죬Ĺɵһִ˷šŮˣýӡ
ô˵üͷһŮ
˵˵¥㣬˵ҪԲ˶ߡŮ֧֧ظ
ã
˭룬׷ǵûһŭ̿Цһһʵϼѵ˳Ůʹ͸Сѣȥ档
Ůһæҵؽӹ飬ϸһɵǰһŴŴǷ񣬡лʹͣСŮм


1812 
Ʒɹصйڵ£ȫԼ߰ļ۸ȥˡ
Ǯ౦⣬мΪ泩
вٵĲƷԣ˿иɤӣٶóԵɤˣһǳأŸλһǳȤ
ԣֳļʮڣһȫ˫Ź⣬Ρ
һŮչʾ̨ú첼ţڲ
ŴҶ˵͡Ĵ˵ɣ
һΣǮ౦ûһͼŽܲƷǻһת˵һ˵˵θڡ
͵Ĵ˵Ȼ˵ˣǰ컯ɾһ꣬䶯һʱ˲֪˲
ڵĳ̸˵ǵ컯ɾ޾ƯʱײһƬصըȻ컯ɾа۲õػ󣬵вٵǳ׹컯ɾڲȼյǡ
˵ǴУͣЩܹͣסػĽɱ컯ɾͨĴڣʮءֻǺҲû˼Щ͡
˵ҵǵĲкڲкз˲챦󷢺ƣ
ֳĹһ࣬۷׷ס
Ȼ͵Ĵ˵˽⡣
Ǯ౦ΪʲôҪͣ
ѵһεƷйأǴҵı
̫ˣҪǴҵıǾܹ۸ˣ
Ƿ׷״Ǯ౦⡣
Ǯ౦΢΢һЦҲٿӣǲ²ûҼҪıһҵر

䣬ȫһڲĹڣȫ鲻Խֱͦ˼̧ͷչʾ̨ϡ
ͬʱ̨ϵĸУٵĹҲһǰŹ⣬ʮֺ档ÿһ˶Ҫ֪Ͼʲô
ǿ
ܵƵĿ⣬Ǯ౦΢΢һЦһ첼ֱӽϵĺ첼¶һаƴСԣ֮УһԼĪ̵ָ硣
ΧƯһɵŨ
ףʲôһ磿
磬ĪǾǴҵرңǮ౦ĪǷ˰ɣôûпʲô棿Īſںһ£Ǯİգ
˵ҵ౦󷢺ƣһΪʲôأԭֻһ겻۵硣Ҳ֪ʲôƷ֣ΪʲôǮ౦˿أ
ҾԲ򵥣뿴ըжôֲܹը˳Ҳʵ̫̫٣˵Ϸ˲ٵʬ壬ǻΪ˻ҽ磬ƾʲôܹ
ֳĹ۷׷ףٵĹڿ֮ȫʧһʼǮ౦Ļ
ҲһЩԵĹڣʼ˵ͷͷǵ
ŰС
ڿĵһۣͲɵȫһԵʮ־㵣硭Ϊʲôһַǳĸо
񣬺ʲôط

ָ磬磿Сĺתͷס
壬˵û
īһ࣬ڿɽڣʱ峤ϰȱһżƷ飬ǿżƷڲһŴ̵ӡûпǿӣͬһࡣ
ԣ׶ʱһĶͷһӱнһżƷ˳
һͳƷ飬һŨϯ˿Ƣ
СġʮˣȫһؿеļƷ顣
ڼƷڲȻһ̵ӣոճѿߣɷǿɰȻ˵չʾ̨ϵ˵ŲСĲ𣬵ϸ۲죬ǲѷͬһֲ
ָ磬ǴӺζĪҲǴлõģСĿƷеӣʮֻϲգ۾ʵ
׵˵ͷ
飬ڵ峤ϰȱ׸ҵġ˵е֣ٶǰʱԵɺ֮£һǵںҵģʱ÷ǳ֣ͽڣҹվͱһ顣
ʵ˵
ѽô˵Ǯ౦ûѣ̨ϵȷǴҵı
Сľ
īһЦ΢΢ͷ
ǺǣȻõö飬ڲӣҲһֱĴɻ󡣵ȴһֱûŪס
ʢ֮ĳ£Ǯ౦ͬһóԷͬѰ
׿̨ϣʮֽš


1813 ¶ˮ
мʮһ۷׷ףŸԵĿв˶Ǯ౦չʾʾǿҵɣϡƽ磬޿Ǵҵı
ԴˣǮ౦ֻ΢΢һЦֻͣǲͳһö鵤ĵλŴҶ磬ʮֵú档Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪһſϡƽó¡ص
ڣҾߴΪʲô
Ǯ౦е鵤һöϺõ鵤ڣҾͽö鵤ŵԱߣע⿴ǧգ۾
һΣ
ֻǮ౦װֵ֣һö鵤Էŵһ֦Ҷϣʱ֦Ҷиоһ͵ؾָ״С鵤ʵʵذţ֦ҶһĹĶھ׽鵤һ
ŹֵľٶֳĹһ󾪺
磬Īʳ˲ݣ֦ҶȻܹ
Сˣ˵źܴ
Ȼʳ鵤š
ֳļʮڣȫʧ
ŰУ׵ɴţۣһľ档
Ȼܹʳ鵤
ö鵤ƷʿɲͣԪʿҲδظؽʳ븹һСģױ
û뵽һСС磬Ȼܹ޼ɵʳ鵤
һզп
Ѱī̾ѡ
ʮСѿĿɿڴ
һӺ֦Ҷٶ˿ԭ֦Ҷеһ鵤Ѿױʳһɶ
磬ҲΡͬʱϿյҲŨ
̨ϣǮ౦ŰװֵСʱһ˶ľջЦգλҲˡܹ鵤һ滨ݣ
ǽˣҲὫó¡
ĺϷŸոտʼ
Ǯ౦һУǬͳ˼ʮԣһЩݲݣеֻаߣеȴһߣʮïʢ
Щϵȵ滨ݣҩľҩġǮ౦ܵ
˷׷ùŹֵ̨ϵĻݲݣ֪Ǯ౦Ҫʲô
Ȼһ̣˾һĻͳˡ
ͣͣͣͣ
ָ磬Ȼ΢΢֦ҶشضʱΧһ滨ݣǱӪһѸٵؿή˥
˶ȥؿһ滨ݣۿӵٶȣɿ˥ܡһת۵Ĺе滨ݾͶһЩ֦Ҷ
ֵ磬Ȼܹľ֣
署ʤ̭ǿʳ࣬壬Ƕֲκһ顣Ȼϡƽǣȴһַǳǿֲδ׳˵һ
ʳһ鵤ְһڻľӪҲͱøΪдһЩûʲô̫ı仯Ҳ֪糤֮󣬻һʲô֡
˷ǳú档
Űеףھ̾ͬʱü壬˼
ʲôܹܲһֻؼҹգǸûкô
ʱ̨ϵһУһϵɤɤ̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ȫ
ֳļʮڣ׷׵ͷ̧ͷɻ̨ϵǮ౦
ʲô
ΪҪһ⣬ҲǽóΪҪһ⡣
еĹڶ֪ĶôϡŹ֣Ҳԩͷ߼۽ؼҡ
ٴĿǰ磬Ҳܹ鵤Ӷ֮⣬㡣
Ǯ౦һЦػӦλҪżܿ죬Ǿͻ֪ˡ
˵ţתͷؿ硣
һؿ磬Щɶͷԡ

Ȼ֦ҶɿضΧӿ֦Ҷ֮Уһʱ䣬ѿϣðһˮδС¶ˮ
Ǻǣɹˣ
Ǯ౦һЦһУһεϯֱӽѿϵ¶ˮЮ
λ뿴
Ǯ౦ָ¶ˮһЦҪΪһƽƽ¶ˮʹشˡ
һȪ
Ǯ౦һؿ
䣬ȫһƬȻһþֵǮ౦
ʲôǮ౦ſڿӰɣȻһȪ
Īǣ˴֮󣬿ԽеתȪδҲ̫˼˰գ
֣̫ˡҪܹȪôȫһ޴ı⣡ԴԴϵزֵǵȪ˸е񣡡
ֳļʮڣȫĿ࣬һ


1814 ؽ
һܹԴԴȪֲֵжߣ
붼룡
ȻܹȪһ˵ı
ر˾ȻóδҲ̫Ŀ˰ɣ
Ҫ磬ǲҪðΣǰ̨ʵ̨ףܹԴԴϵصõȪˣ
ֳļʮڣһһʧ
ÿһʿ񣬶̰֮ɫҪǼɵڹ˵ƣ̨Ϊˡ
ֻǴеļʮڣ̨ϵһУ󡢵λĹҲ٣˫Ź⡣
κһʿݶô磬λôߣȪǷǳʵġ
Ǻߴĸ߲㣬ҲҪȪܹõȪġҪ㹻ɹ׵һС
񿴵һܹȪ磬ȻԿе޲̽ռΪУ
ŰУһϲض̨ϵһ¶ˮöûлع
¶ˮȻһȪٰ
û뵽֮УȻõôһ޼֮ˣ׬ˣ
鲻ԽشЦǱе˶˸˵òˡ
Ǯ౦¶ˮչʾһ̣׾ڵһʱʩչѰۣα
׾ǣȪȻȪ
ǱҸͷһȫµʮϸ鲻ԽԾ
̫ˣָ磬ҪҲܹȪĻһѽ
Сһϲõ§׵ĸۡ
ʮīһۣȫһĨ΢Ц
˵Ҫࡣ
ˣϻ˵ڣҾͱ׼ۣʽоģ
˭ҪܹȪؼңҪ׼һˣ
Ǯ౦Цʱ׼ʽʼ
磬׼Ϊڽ裬ÿһμӼۣһٵȪǮ౦ʮ
䣬ȫһһɥ̾
ǵ׼۾ڽ裬Ҫ˵ˣ
ȻһЩƴֵıͣ׼һ
ƾʲôļ۸񶨵ô󣿡
Ȼһͳɤ쳹ȫĮɤ͸һŨŨĲм̺һ˿ۻԪƽըһ쳹ȫ
ৡ
ʱڳйڣȫתͷеһӰӰվӰ֮Уϡ֮УȻܹȫһۣ˵òȫǳء
ţ
Ǯ౦תͷȥüͷɵΪ֮һ壬ǺˣΪҪƻʢ򣿡
ˣ֪ô֮ͽҺȥ
Ǯ౦
֮ǰ̨ϵİУ˳Ǯ౦ҲͰˡ˼ұϾǹﲻ
һλûУվڴļһȻҲҵָǮ౦ǻòͷˣ
ҪǲһɫƣеĹڶ޿֣ʼ޼ɵؽ᳡򣬵ʱʢҪУڳ˵Ρ
ϡ
ʱмȫװǵس˴ǣҪȫеӸߡ
ಣ
˭룬ȫеӣȻ͵һԾ̨
Ǯ౦Ҳʢ򡣵ǣҼ˵Ϲ׫һƭߡ
Ҫ֣ҵż⡣Ҫû֣˽Һȥǣ˵й
ȫеϣߵ˵
˵֮䣬ؽһۻϢ¶˳Ǯ౦ʱ΢΢ľǰȫпĿļһȻһ龳ĸ֣
С֣Ȼǹ᳡ҰϽ
ǻòͷˣҲǽʬΣι
һ֪ߵغļһҲϯʦţʲôʱèҲƽȽȨˣ
ٸһֳַ𣬽̨ϴ۵ӸΧס

ͻıʣһɧ㼸ʮڣȫ˫ɫӵض̨ϵһĻ
ʲôһǺηʥΪҪƻ᳡򣿡
һ֣ΪʲôҪƽ޹ʵصˣ᳡թ򲻾ˣαҪ壬䵱Ӣۣ֪˵ǰ׳պãӢۺã
ҵǷǳһ˵ƭʲôѵǮ౦ǣ
Ⱥشһһ۷׷ס
ŰУסʮīһˣһĿɿڴض̨ϵһ־磬һΪ档
һƺĶ
Ȼī˵һ仰
Ŷüͷһؿī롣


1815 ǹս
ǵȷ
ʮһϾص˵ͷһһġڸʧ֮ص;У
ֻһϵۣƺһܹ̬ϢѸʲôӡ󣡡
ʮ
ʲôһһģ
ԣײɵһ
꣬Ϊһʥ֣ڽǶĸ߼Уһ·նĶ֣۶ôǿһ֮ڽ֡
ңзǳ򵥣ϡƽļȭеĶ־ͶһɥȪ
۶ֶôǿ󣬶ôֻҪϳֻ꣬һͿصķݡ
׶ڳݣǳĺ档
ڳսҲǳȤ
ܵģ׾óԷͬѰȻ˵Ȼȴһֱ
ңӴԽãоԽǿҡ
˵ǰλ̨᳡ˣһģʱһһֹŹֵԤиͷ
̨ϣȫװѾӸΧסڹĸХ죬һߣһߣҲܹ龳֣γһΧȦضӡ
˵ΧˣһЦ˫ֱأһζǮ౦ȴǮ౦ľ
Ǯ౦ϵļ鴤˺ü£ոһҧŭЦسã
ҵҪ˵ƭ־ʲôڣҾ㵱šҺ뿴տڰܴʲô
Ǯ౦ܹΪ˵ϯʦԲ˵֮ΣͷӦӦǳ졣
֪ӵĻѾֳĹɣʱǲ˵ôƱػһйĸо
ĻҪһǰδеĸ߼ۣǲܵ顣
ã
Ǯ౦㲻ǹ˵ϯʦеǣ
ӷЦһƵóѵĵģҪذΧţƽ𣿡
Ǯ౦ϵķ͵һ鴤һ
ХߡߣһԥվǳǮ౦˵ͷ̨ȥ
Ȼ˵ڹУХݵλҪǮ౦öࡣǣǮ౦᳡ˣƿػȨǸˡ
ʱХˣǻǮ౦ľġ
ȻХ뼸ǫ̈̄վ̨ԵɱȻӣֻҪһвԾĵط̾ͻǰȥնɱ
Ǻǣҵĵһ⣬ǳ򵥡
һƣʵ˵磬ܹԴԴϵȪ𣿡
Ǯ౦ظǧȷ
ã
ƺڵȴǮ౦ĻشԲɵһЦȻˣһȪôô
䣬Ǯ౦һŰװֵʱͨ죬һԹضӣ˵ûǸҪ˰ɣ
Ǻǣҿǲ˰ɣ
ĮһЦмбһǮ౦أתͷ̨µļʮڵλûҪܹԴԴϵȪôΪʲôҪó
ȫԽΪУԴԴϵȪ׬׬
Դϣÿһ֣һУ뼸ʮڵС
ûҲɻ󣡡
޷ԴԴϵȪͲʵ
Ǯ౦б¾һȪҪǲеĻ˵Ϲ϶ǰһȦף
ڳĹڣһͷӶĶҡ
ǡǱСһɺԣ
Ǯ౦һڶĹڶӵĻ˵ˣʼƷʣʱֱţæ⡣
Ŷ
޿ֵתͷƵĿ⿴Ǯ౦˵ΪʲôһȪ
Ǯ౦֧֧ҲܹһȪֻǳۣÿһȪҪƬ̣᳡ʱޣûʱ˷ѡ
һЦ
˭룬ûǮ౦Ļ˵꣬ӾЦһ˵ֻҪƬ̣ܹڶȪ
Ҳ£˵ʮҲδܹһȪɣ
ЦңÿһҪһȪҪǰմĻÿȪʱ仹᲻Ӻ󣡡
̨ܹ֮϶̶̵ʱڣһȪֻΪ׼ʱ˴ֻһ˿ͿµȪʱιһö鵤ֳ滨Ӷ֣ȻһȪˡһУһ󣡡
ӷ·һۿ͸Ǯ౦ƭ֣ͽǮ౦ĲõƭָҴˡ


1816 ӽ
סڡǮ౦ܻȻһʱҲܹĻʱֱš
˫ֱأЦѡ
ͬʱȫһ
ҪʮܹһȪĻǾ͸ֵǮˣƾʲôڽĵ׼ۣ
ԭǮ౦ںˣ񣡡
Ǯ౦ĵˣò˵Ǯ౦ǳ˵̰һƣ
ǲǮ౦֯Ȧ֮УΪ׸ţҺͦ塣
ֳļʮڣһͷӶǮ౦Ʊӵоһƿڴ
λǧҪſڿӣûġǮ౦ץƴؽ͡
ȻûϿǮ౦Ľ͡
ֻҪǮ౦ܹڶʱһȪôǮ౦컨׹ӿҲûκε˵
ļһһŹġ
Ǯ౦ۿѾʧأ۳ֳһߵ̬ƣʱ
ǰ漸̵Ǯ౦Ĺƻ£ѾѪڵ׼һǧ𣬽
˭룬Ǯ౦׼׬׬ĵڣȻ·ɱ˳ҧǮ౦׬ǮƴˮƯ
ǿ벻̣
ǣ̬Ѿ񻯣ҪؼѾǲܵˡ
֮£Ǯ౦ֻܹ⣬ͼӮһЩΣҰһ£лҪ˵
ȫʮڣϡϡذ
ȣҳÿһһȪҪһʱ䡣һ㣬ûλ˵ǳǸ
Ǯ౦һֿ
ֳһƬеĹȫ֣ˡ
ǡ
Ǯ౦һתҪ뿴磬ָֻܹȪˡζʲôζԷͬ졣ȻÿһȪҪһʱ䡣ǣֻҪгһܹɲôһԴԴϵȪ
Ǯ౦һ࣬
ԣֳĹڶʱһȺ˽
ȻҲϲǮ౦һʦĿľҪƷߵļ۸ԣһƷȱ㣬ؿƷŵ㡣ǲò˵ķͷͷǵ
ʵ˵ȷǷǷ֮Ȼʱ޷ԴԴϵȪѱһ쳤ɲܹһҡǮˡ
ߣ˵û׼糤ɲ֮޷ϵȪҲǼпܵ顣
˭Ҫ磬ȫںģڽۿģ
࣬һƬҡ
Ǯ౦ۿвٵĹڣԼ˵Щҡжʱһ
Զ֮ǰҡ
ǰΣ
ȻһЦһЦǮ౦˵糤ɲ֮󣬾ܹԴԴϵȪƾʲôô˵
һƵضǮ౦ֱǮ౦ȫëѵ촽촽һ֪ʲôֻ֣֮ʲô
Ǯ౦ǰװֵʱǵͨ죬ҪγѪ
ȷ
羿ʲôƷ֣δ᳤ʲôģǮ౦ȫ֪ȫǿƾ
ʵϣϷֵģʲôƷ֣ûʶ
ʱȫʮڣȫȫעӵķ
λҲҪǮ౦Ļѻķûʵݣȫпյغ˼롣
ڣҵһһ֤ݣҪ֪λ
ζһЦٿתͷǮ౦
Ǯ౦ɫһһףܵ絶񣬾Щӡ
Ǯ౦˵ǴϻõĶôʵ

Ǯ౦ͷʱֻһδѿ֡
ã
ӵõǮ౦Ŀ϶ʱϲЦտλˣǮ౦˵ˣǴϵõģ
ÿһ˶Ӧǽ컯ɾʱٶǰ
ȻǮ౦˵ٶǰϻõģôǾܹ׵жϳٶʱֻǴһֵ״̬һָֻ磡
һﷸ̣һ״Ѹ£ٶʱ䣬ֻǴһ֣һ磡ζʲôζٹһǧꡢ꣬綼δܹɲ
෴ǵܹһң뻹ããʱ䳤лΪһg
һƣͽһǴ


1817 Ļ

ȫʱһƬȻ
ÿһڣȺؾۼһ۷׷ףһӵķ˵ˡ
ӷúܶԣδǱǳޡ
ʱ䣬ֻǴһֳһָ磬ǽļǧ꣬δܹɲʱ䣬Ծɴ֮䡣¹ҲȺ𣡡
ȻеļֵǳޣδķչǱҲʮãǮ౦ƾʲôڽĵ׼ۣ
Ǯ౦ʵ̫ˣȻһдƷðĵرĿŵƭο͵Ǯƣ
һʱ䣬ֳļʮڣһ֡
Ǯ౦ʢᣬڹˣΣһǿҵĵִ
Уһ𱬵ĹڣֱֽһЩõĹϹ̨Ǯ౦ȥһʱ䣬Իʹ̨ͱָõĹϹҵһƬϡá
Ǯ౦ҲΪǱҶ㣬ͷˢˢ䡣
ס֣
ס֣
̨·Х죬һʧأһƬҡһӿһɳɱ᳡ͼù侲
ôǹ׼ǿѹ
ֻҪô̾ͻ޾ĻˣǰʢĹڣӹˣ
붯֣㲻ɣ
ХֲɱֳĹһŭӿʿֱӼ˷׼᳡һ¡
ǰǧ嶯Ǯ౦һХڷ˾ҵĳͻһԲϾҪ֣æ̨һԾ£סɱȻХ죬οǵʳĸǿɲܹ
Хҧһɱ⡣ţ߷ߵתͷ񶾵ӣҧֱ졣
̨ϣһⳡӣȫ֮Уֻ¶һ΢΢ƵǣһƵóѵģХʾ֮󣬺ܿͻָƽ
Ȼ˵ڳĹһƺʱпǰȥ˵ʿսһš
ǣ˱ϾΧһްһĴڡûǿͷ˭ԸѰ·
СӣҹȻǹ˵鷳һԲ˶ߣ
Ǯ౦̨
ȫеӣ·ûǮ౦вһνʼ
λѡ
Ǯ౦ɤӣ䲻ȵ˵־絽˽
ȻλѶһɣôҾͳ硣һƷ
һƷһøλʧ
Ǯ౦
ԣȫ
ܿ죬һŮС̨׼̡
˭룬ʱһۻɤ쳹
Ҫˣϵͳ̺һĨɡ
Ŷ
Ǯ౦΢΢̧ͷѭȥ8ŰдʱСۣЦʲô۸񣿡
һڽ衣8Űᴫһ
һڽ裿
Ǯ౦¶ɣЩᡣ
Ҫ֪ص磬Ǯ౦ĺ£ǵ׼۾ܹڽ裬8ŰȻһڽ裬ҪҲ̫ˡ
Ǯ౦Ҳֵ֪ԶԶûһڽôࡣ
Էܹһڽļ۸ѾǼıˡ
8ŰļһĪǷ˰ɣȻһڽһûжõ磿׽
Ǯ˵뷨Ǵⲻ͸
Ҳ8ŰˣֻǵҪǰչ¶ԼĲӶϵԽУ
ֳĹһƬȻһùŹֵ8Űᡣ
ŰУСģΪһֽƵĵʶкãȻϤɵǰһ
ǳ꣡׿϶
ꣿ
СһһЦ̨ϵӣһġӰٰļֵȴҪ磬Ȳ߻õⳡ־磬ĿģǴѹļ۸񣬴Ӷ֣
װͷ
϶ô¡
һզ̾û뵽˽թȻַʽ硣
еĹڶ֪һߡԣû˻
ȻһƣζһЦǣҿɲó׵óѡôõĻᣬҾԲ
£ɤӣҳһǧ裬Ҫ磡̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ȫ
Ǯ౦ھҪҪӦ8ŰıۣȻ5ŰдһۻɤǮ౦ɵǰһ
һǧ裿
Ǯ౦˲ɫһ䣬ϲЦտʣҪӼ𣿡


1818 ƻ
ԭǮ౦Ѿгһգȹ˽յ־֮ٽó
ûϵǣӽֳɹ֮ȻԸΪһûʲôõһǧ
ԭѾĻǮ౦ȼµϣ
8ŰУһŵض̨ϵ磬ԭΪԼһڽļ۸Ǯ౦ӦþܾŶԡ
˭룬Ȼ·ɱһҧ
ģŰļһĪԴ¿ˣȻҾۣ
ɫ΢΢˫һ͵һҧȵҳڽ裬ǧȪ
䣬Űеʮʿһþ㵵Ŀ⿴꣬ӣǸûôǮ
ҧҧǸֳһĨЦݣµѾûбİ취ˡ
ʮʿʱ̾Ϣһ
̨ϣǮ౦5Űıۺ󣬲ɵΪ֮һţ˷ܵһ߸ߣһŷϵķز
ڽ裡
ټǧȪ
۸񣬾ûӽֵ£Ǯ౦ҲѾǳˡ
û뵽˽֮ȻԸ⿪˸߰ļ۸磡
ʱȫԾ
еļʮڣһùŹֵ8Űᣬһ̾Ŀࡣ
һһ۲۵ķӣ
ڽǧȪͲôһʵľ޿ˮƯ
˱ˣһӶûмôǮ8ŰļһȻӻ
˸пѡ
ŰУСġīˣȫɴ˫һŵ
Ȼ˲ƴ֣һӽ۸زֱûнǮƷ
׸о˼飬Ҫĳôߵļ۸񣬺αҪ˽֣ѹļ۸ƾĲȫл磡
СΪȻص˵ͷ
ڽ裬ǧȪ۸ȫҵĳܷΧ
Ҳˣ
ҡͷ̾ϢһЦգδزһ¡
ţСüһ
˵ļֵԶԶڽǧȪļֵĻǲῪ˸߰ļ۸ģ
΢΢һЦȻû磬ҲһͬһƷֵ֣Ҳֵǣ
СĻȻͷ
̨ϣǮ౦ãƽʵʻλǧҪۣһǧѷĻᣬûҵˡ
˵ţεŰᡣ
ϧѾ˾ۣþδܳ
ã
Ǯ౦һеͭһ8ŰĹҪı⡣ִ֮£ĳ֮Ժˡ
ϲ˺Űĵѣϵ磡δͼչԴǮ౦Ц
΢΢תͷñӵֵӡ
Ե÷ǳĬ֮ǰ״̬ȻֻͬһԾ̨Ҫ뿪
ߣûô򵥣
Хǰһӵǰ
⶯𣿡
Хһ㬵زóһ·
Ӵǵس᳡ȥ
Х˸ȥ
һĻ˴ʮڵУһ겻ѣΪ
˹ˣҪȻ뿪Ȼǲʵ顣Ȼ龳֣ܹܲ߳ʧ֮أȻһδ֪
ಣ
Ȼ·Ųһת͵һԾ˴ȺУһڵλʩʩȻ
λĹڣһŭȴŭԣس˴һϻûҽ
ӿһҹȻƹ˵֮ͽ佲ֿʲô
㡭
Хߡ龳֣ӣ׼һ߳᳡ֽɱ
˭룬ӾȻˣö֮˴Ⱥ֮С
һХߡҪ־ͲˡΧ޹Ⱥڣ˭ʡ
ң龳ֵĴ򶷣أ᳡пܱݻ١
СӣͳǵĮһϸ£
߷߷
ӵʹͷֻ¶һ°ͣпλϣȫߵĻ˶Է硣
ղŲ𣿲ſΪʲôһֻͷڹˣ
Х޵ϵطӡ
ȻۼáأԳţλϣɡ
һʱ䣬˫˽ֽ׶Σþ޷ƽ֡



1819 
Ǯ౦һ˫˽֣˭Ҳκβ˭ʱЦҡҡͷ
ǰҪСֶһʱ䣬ʢ֮ˣ
Ǯ౦
˫ֲ£ʢĽֳͣ㼸ʮڿȺΪϯʦǮ౦ȻҲļ١
һԹԣ׷ϯȥǮ౦ɾͿˡ
Сӣ˳һ㲻ʮ壬ҵţ
Хҧгݵضӣ׺ݵһ仰ߡ߽һ;Գ̨ȥ
̨ϣһỤ̊ѵȺʱ
ХǮ౦˵ͷŮŰ˺Űȥ
һʱ䣬Х̵Ů;˰˺ŰſڣŮߵ췿š
ǡŴ򿪣һŮ˱һԣеСŮ
ХŮ˵ͷһȵز˷Уһ۾Ϳڵĳ꣬ɵǰһЦԭ㣬655Ųѡ֣ҿ˷˿Ҿһĸ߼£лܹھˣ
ХĶڳĿޣȻ˵Ϊ꼫͵ԵʣХ춼֪
ǣֻҪˣͲǳķɡֵݣƿȫ֣ʲôĶ֣֮ڽսǣ˱
վХ칰˹֡
Х죬ĸХ΢΢һЦ򵥵ҽϺ󣬳Ů֡
Ůһ˳ǰ
Х΢΢һЦ
ãֽϵ֮У粻ֻаƴСá
ǺǣʵҪãص˵ͷ
ХʱĻŭţЦų꣬żɽȻѾˣǸýɷ˰ɣ
Ŷõġ
һЦԭ£ЯǮƲѾȥҵʦҪˡһͻԵƬ̡
ţ
Хüͷһ壬ɫʱһǿѹŭûе꣬ǳŵ˵ͷ
ʵϣ᳡ȷĹ涨Ҫ뾺ۣϱҪ㹻ǮƲСĻʹ᳡ĽɣҪϳ͵ġ
ϵǮûд˳ȥãΥ飬ֻҪܹʱˣХǲ׷ġ
ô˵ˣһܹ黹Ҫġ
̨֮ϣʢھһ֮󣬺ֻܿص졣
Ǯ౦˳ɹһΣϵЦãϵƷ
Ǯ౦£̧ܿͣһ̣żΪصĽŲ̨
ӽǺ뱩жϳһҪĲƷΪء
ڳĹڷ׷̧ͷ̡
һʱ䣬һԼĪһɷԲ̣Ͱڷ˵ϣıԼĪߣú첼ڸš
λѣǲǶӵһ߳޷ǣ
ǣֻô򰾽ǡַǳʹѰЧã
Ǯ౦΢΢һЦصգҪλһλʣһǧܼ
ԣڲļʮʿȫһһؿеı
Ǯ౦Ŀжϣһγ̨ıƺһ巨
ʲôܹЧһǧ
ҵǷǳսɥǣҵ츳ѪҲܹ޵Ԫúзһ棬Ҫͬʱȫǣǲܵ顣ҪܹõһҾͿ塢ˡ
һڵΪ档
ŰУüͷһԵȤʲôܹЧһǧǮ౦Īڴţɣ
׵Ʒʣͬ׵ʿУƳͣûмܹǱó״̬ʱ򣬾ʥ֣ܹѹס
Ȼ׵Ƿǳڣ飬ȻΪǡ˵һܹЧһǧʱм
ǺǣҶǳ档
ܵȵĿ⣬Ǯ౦΢΢һЦһһֱӽϵĺ첼קȫòչ¶˳
ȥֻһߵľŲ㱦˵ǰڣס
ÿһķܶһ΢ḧһ
ͬʱһʥϯ
һ
ʲôΪʲô˵һ
Ӧһʥ
ˢˢؿŲ㱦һɴ˫д⡣


1820 ʯ
һ
ܵ˵飬Ǯ౦΢΢һЦܹΪŲ㣬ÿһ㶼һĿռ䣬УһƬСڲֻÿһڲ̺βͬ
ԣڲļʮڣһȻ
ԭһʲôء
һɽ񣬶İɽ磬һĸ෨ȻǳϡɽĸţҲУֻƷͬˡ
ģͬռ䣬ĴŷǳõáǵһɽġƷʺֻܵͣǼӳƣƵķӴһֵͽ
۷׷ס
ŰУƢ
üͷһЩ档ǵһ˵ָķ
һָķģͬĿռǡһЩڴǵʿŷǳõĸá
ʮĵΪ׽ɽ磬ܶ˶дǡ
ʲôܶഫ˵еˣдǣ
ײɵǰһ
˵еˣʲôĴڣȻҲǣɴ˿ɼжôı
ǺǣȻЧһģƷȴǧеƷʵ£ͨӳǿġ
еĸƷʵǶ˴˵еĽʯܹӳֵͲѰܹˡ
ʮ
ƶǶ
ͨӳǿһ㣬ܹס
Ƕʯ
׾Ͳ̫ˡ
ʯ
üͷһʵʯǴ˵һĻʯѹһĺô컯ɾĳ̨
һӾ뵽컯ɾеĳ̨
̨ĳ˵ǽʯֻǱȽĽʯˡ
ˡаۡһִ컯ɾʯΪϣһʯѹ컯ɾ룬û˳̨ҽ̨ΪʿһֻҪܹϳ̨ͿԼ̳йˡаۡ²Ϊа۵²ˡ
׵ӡУκһŽʯǷͬѰıһĺġңе磬ܹӵнʯġ
ƩܶþûнʯֻһС硣ռȶԲߣǿ߶սʱױѡĺܶУʱ
⣬Ԫʥߣڶһ
磬һС硣ǿռƷʣŨ̶ȣǳ¡
Ͳͬˡ
컯ɾӵų̨ʯռȶԾͷǳߣΧҪҪ߳򱶡
ңǲ𾳽ĸ֣Ҫ컯ɾ˺ѿռ䣬ǳ롣ΪнʯĴڣռ̫ߣ˲𾳸ֵļ޹ΨִаһַˣܹھͶ֮˺ѿռ䡣
˵̳еķ󣬳˲𾳸ֻ֡Ϊ컯ɾУа۵ķǱԴǴһŵԿף׵õԿףͲƾ컯ɾֻҪŤԿףܹ컯ɾյĿռһš
񣬻ʮȻ˵ǶһŽʯ
һʲô
ֱţ
ƺǲеɻ󣬻ʮһЦ壬ûȥɽ磬ڴ˵еɽ磬˽⡣
ҿɽɽ˵ǱȽ˽ġ
㿴һĻʯΪһЩšɽ磬˾ռߵ顣
ܶഫ˵еˣڵı綼˴磬һ֮ƷʵķУ̺һ磬顣ڣд˵еķڲǧǧ磬
ʮĿ¶ã·»صɽ
õһһզྪ̾
˵ȫ˽⣬ĽǶ˵ũʵ۵кܴĲġ
ʲôʱҲܹ𻯳ɣһ磬Ϊ׾ͺˣԸпһ
ʮīһЦ
̨ϣǮ౦ĵصȴֳƽϢ֮󣬷Ųɤӣ
֪컯ɾǳǿ󡣾ΧûнԪʿҪʱķУǳѣҪĴԪһΧռ䣬ʥ޷ϵسʱСΪͬԵʡ
õľԭ
Ǯ౦΢΢һЦ


1821 Ħ
кüʮڣһǮ౦Ļ
Уĵһռ䣬ԼĪ൱컯ɾΧԼĪ110ĦԪʿڲУҪɽǳѡ
ĵڶռ䣬1020Ħ
ĵռ䣬20100ĦԼΧռʱԪʿзǳҪĺܴԪʥܹС
ĵĲռ䣬100200Ħ൱˳̨ıԵҪܵѹԪµʿͶͺ׹̶󣬷ǳѡ
ĵռ䣬200300Ħ൱ʵǳ̨һŲ̨סܹڵռж磬ôϳ̨ھŲ̨ף練Ƶ顣ʱ򣬾ܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
ĵռ䣬300400Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵ߲ռ䣬400500Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵڰ˲ռ䣬500600Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵھŲռ䣬6001000Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨סܹռж磬ôƾǣܹϰʮ̨ףǼӳԪܵĻɾܹϾʮŲ̨ףӶھʮŲ̨һʶӣΪ˾֮ӣ
Ǯ౦һһʮؽÿһ仰ÿһ֣شһôÿһʿġ

̼䣬ȫʮڣȫɴ˫һ٣޲̨ȥΪС
ܹΪŲ㣬ӵ͵ߣηǳµʿֻҪܹڵռж磬ܹϳ̨ھŲ̨ףǫ́ϿɣܹڵھŲռж磬ܹϵھʮŲ̨ףΪ˾֮ˣ
ƷȻߣɽڱȽϵӵһǶ˵ȴһõ
ҪܹõҵиµµӵƷʣܹõǳõĴŵķչźܺõİ
ʵǳ̨ڳ̨һʶӣ⼸컯ɾÿһʿԸǣҲ˵Χռ䣬Ѱҵһʵʵǵжôѡʵǳ̨ѶȣþųɾŵʿȴˡǾܹдǣȵаյʱȥʵǳ̨ˣ
еĹڣȺǵ۷׷ףÿһʿżȤ
̨ϵĸУÿһ˫Ź⣬ߣ޲ýΪС
ŰУ
ʲôĦһɻ
ĦһλɽУһʡʮ͵컯ɾΧһʮĦңԸһ¡
˼ص˵ͷ
컯ɾҪ߳򱶣ȻֻһĦ
׸оЩЦã˹Ȼˡ
Ӧáݡʮ΢΢һЦһŵһĦ
׵ͷ
ڴǵİܴ󡣶ңΪһıߣжԼܹϳ̨ڼ㡣ʿ˵ǷϾÿһʿдʱᣬϵؽΧռʵǳ̨ġ
Ըп
Ҫܹ֪Լܹϵڼ̨ˣСĽ
ʮҡͷһЦǺǣּɽֵǮ洦ɼȴҲļ۸񣬿϶һ·
īȫͷ
̨ϣǮ౦ۿǣɵչһЦе⡣׼ڱۣȻһϵӸ̨ϵĵ25Űд˳
Ǯ౦֪ÿһҪĶ
ɤ̺һ˿ƴǵɣ쳹ȫ
ʱȫһεǮ౦
Ǯ౦ɫʱǵͨ죬޵
ģĺĺ
ŰС
üͷһÿһ
ʮΪȻص˵ͷ壬֮ǰѾˣƷǧУƷʵڲǶŽʯҪӦܹʱضܹ
ƷʵǼӳƣƵķӴʱ򣬾ҪӦ֧תˡ
ʮ΢΢˫̨ϵжϵ͹Ѿ𲻿ˣڲԿ̵ķѾϻءʱÿһҪĵͷǳˡ
׻Ȼص˵ͷ
̨ϣǮ౦ɣǺƬ̺³һ֪Լ޷ˣʵؽλһżҵıΪԶԵϣͺܲȶ⣬ҲϻأÿһҪȼմ衣
֪Ҫһռ䣬һʱҪȼʮ衣
ǣֻҪ󷨴ʦһ£ǿ޸ġ
Ǯ౦


1822 ©
Ǯ౦ĻǸÿһǵʿͷһˮ
ڶʿ˵һǵ
ǣȴŲٵȱݡ𲻿ڲķҲϻӵռϣͷǳȶϵʥ˵Сˡ
⣬ÿһҪȼմܹСǵһռ䣬һʱҪȼմʮ裡
һʲô
Ҫ֪һռ䣬ֻ110Ħ൱컯ɾΧҪά̶ֳȵȻҪȼ֮裡
ҪǵڶĲռ䣬һʱҪȼո裿
ʱϰǧ裬Ҳܹάһʱת
ÿһ˵һԳ֣ܵ
û뵽һƵѹǮ౦óǹԼòϣŻóġ
ʵ̫ǮˣһʱʱҪȼռʮＸǧ裬Щܹõģ
ʿ˵һαչؾҪʮأڲչһҪļＸǧ裬ʮǽ컯ɾеҲά֣
û뵽ֻһпõĲдƷ
һ̾Ϣ˭ɵӣһܹܺģʱųɾŵʿȫùġ
̨ϰĹҲҡͷ̾Ϣѡ˷ۡ
Ҳò𰡣
λѲػġ
Ȼǳɽ磬ǱϾƷʵ£ϵķ󲢲ӡţֻҪܹҵ󷨴ʦܹܿ޸ڣϻķ¼ӳһʹȻһ£ǲԡ
ʱһ޼֮ˣ
ϣܹ
Ǯ౦ѭѭա
ȻֳĹȴЦǮ౦Ļ֮Աǡ
ޣκһϵķ󣬶ޱȣѰ󷨴ʦܹ޸ġҪܹ޸ǹ֮󣬿ҵ󷨴ʦ޸ˡ
ûǹ˶ûб½޸ʲôϣ޸
Ǯ౦ĪΪǶһȺɵǮİ׳գ
֡
ŰС
תͷʮʵϣа޸ô
Сīȫתͷʮ
ʮҡҡͷܡ
ԣײɵ΢΢еʧ
Ҫ֪ʮں콣Ľʦ󷨴ʦݹ컯ɾϵ裬ܹȻʮߵ޼
񣬻ʮȻû޸ôҪҵ޸ǲܵˡ

ٿأʮһת
ʲô
˵Ĺɵ޸׵ɴ˫һľϲ
ʮȻͷ뽣ϵ裬Īţһϣܹ޸
ȻˣҪܹͻƿ𾳽Ļϣ͸ˣ
ʮ̾Ϣһ
һ
Ȼˣ˵ʲôҲҪҧҧ
ΪģֻΪһ˿ϣ
һĹɵ޸ˣôһ޼֮
̨ϣǮ౦Źƻɤ˿Ϲأĵ׼һڽ裬ÿһμӼۣʮȪ
ȫžһصɴ˫Ҫ֪Ƿ˻ķѸ߼һƷ
ʱһһĹȥ֮ǰļͬǣһǮ౦֮ûʿ̿ʼۡ
ֳѻȸţֻܹϡ˵ĺ
ŰУ񣬾ȴš
̨ϵǮ౦һû˾ģʱнʼһϲؽôȻƾǮ౦컨׹ӿûһ˾ۡ
ڣһӺǮ౦̾Ϣһ׼ջ
ʱһ쳹ȫ
ҳǧ裬һٵȪΣ
ȻǴŰдġ
ৡ
ʱйڵĿ⣬ȫͶŰᡣһ˽
ǧ裬һٵȪ
Ǯ౦ѭȥŰᣬʱɫ
ÿһǮ౦ʱŰƺܹǮ౦ġ
һŰĿۣǮ౦ǧ裬һٵȪ֣Ǯ౦ĵ׼۶һء
ΪϯʦһˣǮ౦ֻ֪Ҫ˱ۣлأһ͹һεؽ͵˵ǹУֻǴΪ׼ۣģȨġ
ҪҪҪͳһڽ裬һٵȪ
Ǯ౦̽Ŀʵ


1823 ǿȡ
У׶Ȼܾ̬ʮǿӲ
ڹöƽ֮еҲֻһڶҪٺķһڽô׾Ҫҵˡ
ңܹܲ޸һδ֪
ԣȫûбҪƽ޹ʵΪһ˿ãϣķ̫衣
ԣǮ౦ķ˲촽˼£ƺȰ˵䣬תһ룬ҡҡͷ
ΪϯʦǮ౦ĦǷǳġһڷǮ౦֮Ǯ౦֪Ҫ˵׼Ӽۣǲܵˡ
£Ǯ౦ѡֻʣһǴӦ׵ıۣһǳƷ
һʱ䣬Ǯ౦ЩΪѣԾ
ҳһڽ裬ٵȪҪˣ
Ǯ౦ľĵڣȻһӰ˺Űд˳
ȫʱһȻ
û뵽ôɵǮΪһûʲôôĶķؽ
ţ
Ǯ౦ϲ쳣ѭȥֱ۵ڰ˺ŰᣬʱϲЦտã˺ŰĹһڽһٵȪĵ׼ۣڣλҪۣϽץʱʧʧ
ŰС
ģǸصĳ꣬ƻҵĺ£׽üЩ졣
֮ǰ磬׾ûֱ꣬ߣȻǳơ
˺ŰС
ѣǲӦýǷȽˣپһƷ
ХüͷһѵζҲ̫ûнʢĹصˡ
Ǯûн壬ծ̨Υ᳡Ľɡ
ǰģҵʦһ͵ܿܽծ񡣡
¶һĨЦݣذԡ
̨ϣһǮ౦еͭһϲ˺ŰĹ˳ϲɺأ
ŰУһͷɥ
ͬʱ˺ŰУһЦХߴٵǰ鷳㽫͹
͹ԣýұܡ
ХһΪʦˣһֽǮһֽ
˵ţ־Ҫӳж硣
ಣ
˭룬һֱӽڡ
㡭Ͽ콫ҽ
Х콣üЩã
ٺ٣ҵʦѾˣ
ȻһЦ
ŶʦģΪʲôûпХһ㶣תͷ⣬ûһӰ
飡
ʱ͵غһȭһȭͻ̺ſֲܣڵһֱӽХ˳ȥ
ۡХ⧲֮£˾ͺƶߵķһӰ˺Űˮ˳һ˴ڲȺ֮У˲棬Ѫ
˺ŰеŮһŵʧ
ͬʱеļʮڣȫһһþֵ˺Űᡣ
̨ϣЦǮ౦ͻȻХ죬ɵõɴ˫㵵ŴͣһʱЩ֪롣
ʲôˣΪʲôĸХ챻˴Ӱ˺Űкˣ
ĪҪȻƹ˲ɣ
֪ǺηʥȻڹ˵ĵ̴֣
еļʮڣԼ̨ϵһУÿһʿĿ⣬ȫͶ˰˺Űᡣ
ŰУȻһһֵؿ˺ŰᣬɵʧţȻǰˣ
һȻҪ췴
һʱ䴭ϢþֶĿͶ˺Űᡣ
Ȼ˵һֱڳĵϸǳ棬ǣûϵȻӵ˾˵Ȼƹˣ
ʦ壬֣
Ŀ֮£ʮʿˮ̨
ಣಣಣಣಣ
ȥһӰ絶罣쳣ͬʱһĵĿֲѹ£ѹ֣Ϣܡ
󵨣
Ȼ˺ǰֱǲ֪
Ǯ౦һ˶µʮӰŵɫ԰ףϵķһҲƴǿװ򶨣в
ϧһ˸Ǯ౦вһգۣͳ̨
飡
һѽеУЦҪõĶûֹܹ
Сӣݵò񣡡
ʱȺеХ죬͵س𣬸ҧֱ졣ýı鶢̨ϵһ˵ȣǵҹ˷һҲ뿪
䣬᳡ļȫװ׷׳ǰȥ̨Χ£
ͬʱ龳ĺߣҲ̨һѪսչ


1824 ֮
ӣҪӵˣпܻܲ
ӣЩһһȺ۲۵ķӣȻڹǿȡᣬǷ񣡡
Ǹһɱ߼ǰʮĳ꣡ɲ⣬ȻҶ龳Х춯֣ǵ죡
ڲļʮڣһһսݣ׷𣬷ҲƵس᳡ĳڴӶݶȥһС˲ǡ
㼸ʮڣӵһ᳡еļڸ޷ܿɢȺڡ
ǣǡ
˼ʱ᳡Ķһ̶ĽĦУеļʮڣƴӴܣֻ޵ȡ
ʱ䣬ټһУֻʣǧ˰ٸʿ
ǧ˰ٸʿΪڵĸ֣ǲߣҲԱ֮
أء
ܿ죬᳡Ͽգһ̼ľӤޣ쳹ʧ֮ء
ϡ
һгɰǧȫװʿһ̲ͣس᳡ķɱһɱڣжѸݡ
СӣѾΧסˣϽе
Ļ̾ʬ
Хһв
ʱ̨ΧˮйͨмٸȫװʿŻ׼ɱ䡣
֮£һֻʮˣ˳ʥ֮⣬Ķֵһᡣ
³ƴеݻ٣Хʹɱˡ
ټĴУʮȫɹɢХʱûʲô˼ɣֱӼһɫĳǹɱ
ǺǣƾǼҲҪ־ܣ
һЦһЦ
һĻХλ龳ֿһ㶡
ģ㼸ٺžټ龳֣Ȼһʥˣ
ǲ֪ߵغ
ʱеһȫеӣʩʩȻλվ̨ķ򲻽ⲽ
̨ϣХ켴ǰһ̣һУֱӽһٻ˳һЦò˵ǹªţȻõġ֪֡Ц˴
ʲô֣
ʲôѵǴ˵֣֮
˵Уֱܹ֮ӹɽ磬ܹ֮˺գӵжɽû뵽Ǵ˵е֣
Ǯ౦Хһɵõɴţۣһе֣г˻ں֮⡣
ͬʱŰС
֣ȻǴ˵е֮ӣʮɴ˫һš
ЩɶͷԣԹԵͷʵϣʲô֮
֮Ǵ˵еһֱܹӹɽ磬ɽԴԴϵؼȡ
֮ߣ˭Ҫܹ֮ıԴģܹ콵Եշ
ʮһ˵ֻһ˵û뵽ǧǧУ֮Ĵڣ
䣬סī롢Сĵˣȫһ˫бһž⡣
ܹ֮ɽ磬ɽԴԴϵؼȡ
ң֮ߣ硣ܹ֮ıԴģܹշ콵Ե
һĭһʱ侪ϲ쳣
ôûϵԼгһվȻܹõһö֣֮
ʣһ޼֮
û뵽ڵ峤ϰȱȻһ޼֮׸ף
ò˵񣬸Ե೤
̫ˣе֣Ȼ֣֮
ҪܹһôֻҪ䱾Դĸֱܹ˺գɽ磬Ϊ˵еˣ
׵ɴ˫ӿ
޾³УҲ֪жӢۺܣһΪɷͨķ䣬Ϊһg
ȻɷͨȻӡţǣȴõһܹ˺գֱӶɽĻᣡ
Ǿе֣
Ԥǣǡ֡ϢɢƱؽΪǧǧжд̡
ÿһҪշʿҪеָΪС
ƥﻳĵȻ᲻
̨ϣһһһһ֣ϹŵȻЦݣЦеضХˣƺûнǸ
СӣϽֽǹˣ
Ǯ౦һ˵Ǵ˵е֣֮ϵķʱһҲ˳꣬Ҫӳж֡
飡
˭룬͵̧һţͽǮ౦߷˳ȥһֱײǧ׿ǽϣó졣
һţ̺һɰɱ޴


1825 
Ǯ౦Ϊ˵ϯʦôҲһʥ֡
ȻƮƮһ߷ɣⲻ̾
ǡ
ХϢһϣ΢΢˫ضų꣬㾿ʲôˣΪʲôͶ֮䣬ܹͷų
֮ǰХ˳һȭһȭ̺ͬŰХֻǵΪ궯ʲôĿó߷Ǯ౦һĻХ췢Լ´ˡ
ûжκηھͶ֮䣬ܹͷų
һʲô
Ҫֻ֪д˵еˣܹھͶ֮䣬ͷųֻ꣬һʥ֣Ϊܹ˺嫵
ϳ
ŰУʮī롢סСĵˣȫעض̨ϵıʣһ־ͷųʱǵһ
ѹڸ߼УʲôĶ֣ܹ֮ɻʤ
ԭڴź嫵һ֣޾˳ϯ
һʱȻ
ʿ˵ԴԪͬһε
˵ıԴʿԪűʵĲ
ͨˮۿ꾿Ƕʲôʽܹ֮ڻ֡
սһӾҵĹؼ
һ﾿ʲôΪʲôܹھͶ֮ͷųĪɽ·ˣ
ī棬һţûܵõɵʿǷӣӵǣܳܵĴݲС
龳ĸ֣ҲóȻһȪ븹УױȴǸһȡ֮֮ߵĸо
īɴ˫
סʮСĵˣȫüͷ壬ؿ̨ϵĳꡣ
Ǻǣ¸㣬ǾǿеͣһڡǺӡġ塯
ܵеľһЦܻس˵

䣬ȫһƬȻÿһʿȫ𾪵ųꡣ
ǡȻǴ˵еͣٶǰΪը컯ɾ壿
û뵽ǽ˴˵еͣ
ԭǴ˵еġ塯һǳص壬ԪƳΪǿ󡣾˵塯ػ֮һ壡
ٶǰըԭǺӷ˱ըӶǺеġ塯컯ɾ
ڳһ˵ȣȫһԼĶ䡣
ŰУһ񣬲ɵʧ꣬ȻǴ˵еġ͡ѹһֱоһ˵ظУ
ԭǴ˵е壬ųưɵ壡СĽ
Ǵ˵е壬˵ػ֮塣Ѱ鲻ͬǣˣһҪδҲҪϵؼȡĻΪͻͣͲǰҲΪʲôĸԸػ֮ԵʣΪֻܹ֮ԴԴϵشԭΪֻǹżж׫壬û뵽ȻĴڡʮī벻ɵһۣȫܵԷе֮ɫ
һţƺǳ⣬Ц˵ڵǺӣһԵһƯǺӣ֮ǰΪǸϵĴ˵Ӷ⵽λϵԣ岻˥䣬ػ֮Ҳ𽥸࣬ٶǰ֮ıԴĳɢ壬Ҳʧȥĸ
ڳȫųĻ
֮׸ˣԴĶɢˣһ̾
֮ıԴɢǰһ̣еû˾ſ֣ɢǺС
ſ֣Ϊĸ
ûϵǣû彫ɢǺеľſָȫڵǺӣΪʧȥ˱Դģ˶ʼǿƯʱǳըٶǰ컯ɾײһ𣬷˿ֲը
ⳡը屾Ͳˣ
ҪģܺҪȫſֲСĻпܽ᳹
ɫϾըһһ
ֳһʿûȻ
ԭ֮ǰһ̣еû˾ſ֣ɢǺС
Ҫ˵ſ֣Ĺؼ
ԣڷһƴҲҪ˾һս


1826 
ŰУ˵֮𣬻Ϊſֺ󣬲ɵøпѣû뵽֮һι¡
֮û֣ܹҲ;ſšܹõ֮һĻԵ
лϲ
֣δ׾пһֻ֮֮ҪıԴ֣лƿգշ
κһʿ˵
ٷϻǹ˵ĲƲʶģǸϽ仹Ļͱ뿪
ʱǮ౦ΡΡشӵһŭȳ
ÿ˶˽ġ
˭ԸĸԸؽ֡ıˡֶ˵ޱȵҪ
ǺǣǶս̫
ԣЦһһЦ壬ųưɡΨһһδɾܹ߶壡
츳ѪмܹᲢۣ
ЦһȻХһˡ
ǲײĲˡХһɫҲʲôƨɣǰǸơҾͲǿ󣬻ܹǵİΧȦɱȥ
ϣϣϣϣϣϣ
һ˵ȷ׷״߶Ԫеķֻһ£Ҫɱ䡣
ƾҵʵȻСʦڣͲһˡ
΢΢һЦӡ
ţ
ʦ壿
һתͷȥһȫеӿһԾԾ˵ͷ̨ϡ
ԭʦ壿
Хӣͷɵñ͹
˭û뵽ӾȻһģһǳʦ塣ȫеӣҲһԱ
һ˲䣬Ǯ౦ȫԼ˸ˣʱŭ
ʦֶӿһ۳ꡣ
굱ؽеֵֹݸӡ
ҧָ⣬ڵγһαѪĸ봦ʱһתȫתԱһŴɫĹ֡ţһֱӶӵüĴ
ƿͷ֣¶һͷԼһ˫˫ʮ壬էһΪӡ
ӡ
һӵüĴͶһɫơ

һһ˶ʱݹƳ졣
ǺǣѾõһ֣ӽ󣬿ֹֻҪһղҾһղ
Цֵ⡣
ϲʦ壬ϲʦ塣
ʦ壬˸Եõһö֣ȫл۷磡
΢΢һЦ
ŰУ׿ӵľٶɵΪ֮һʲô־Ȼ֮Уɹֹܹ֮Ԫ
֮Ԫ޽Ǵӽ޾ˣ
üͷһ鲻Խӿ졣
ĻƺҲһ֡СĽ
ͬʱ̨µһ˵ȣڿֱӸ֮һɧҡ
һȻָ֮У
У˵ʲôָܽãܹõɵı
һ󾪻̡
ɱ
Х챬һһȵɱǰ
ɱ
ǣ֣
ڳһںλ龳ֵ£س̨ɱȥ
ܣ
ӵͺһ͵ӿһ糱ֲƣֱӽ˶ļʮɱ
ȫȻһ׷˱ܿš
飡
һʱ䣬糱ͻûһټĶƣڳһ˵ǰ
ÿһ˶ڴɫı֮Уӿ·Ҫշ
ߣ
ֻӵͺһһ͵س𣬳᳡֮Ӷݶȥ
أء
̼ľͣʧ֮ظɿس᳡ķϯһ˸ոշɳ᳡ǧİΧ
ɽɱҲܽǷߣ
ͣײݣһ
Хֳֻǹ͵س𣬳֮ϷӶȥɱڡ
ŰУһתͷŻʮīλǰֽסˣΣ
īһףԲЩɣųưɣʵǷóȻ֣ˣ
ʮȴһЦԾԾԵãһƬңǳҶᱦĺûᣡܹǾͷˣ


1827 ڽ
õ˻ʮ֧֣׶ʱѪڣһȭˮָ飬һԾ˳ȥ
ʮͺһһΣӶ
ָ磬ȵңСĽһ
Сģõǣ
īһѽСĸסĵȰ˵ʵǷ¡Ͷ֮䣬ܹ˺գ֮ǣͲҪȥˣԶˡ
ԣСգգ۾ЩЦãûеǵİȫֻҲҶᱦһһأ
īϢһϣɵÿЦá
СģͲҪˡīûѵһ䡣
ЦƾСĵʵҲͼҶᱦĲ
ðաСΪʧ̾Ϣһ
ಡ
ͬʱ᳡еǧ˰ʿҲȿֺس𣬳Ӷݵķ׷ɱȥ
ˣڸ̨ϵһУҲ½ʿӶ˻ս
ʱÿһʿ״һƴ޲ҲҪᡰ֡
ıûʿԸ֮ʧ֮ۡ
֮ϣǧЭͷųһ˽һ˵ƣ޲ýһ˸ɱ⡣
顭
ϧǣǰ棬һ޴ƣƾ糱Ĺƺϣأ
ã
ƺǼǧ֣Ȼ޷Ʒ
˵ǧȫװʿһʧ

ʱХеĻɫǹɷ磬ûһɫҲƵسܺҶȥ
ˡ
ɫһΣ˻һצسɱȥ
һɫȫԪûɣƳ죬赲
䡭
ֻһ죬ӱÿѪ赲ǰһӴϣҲһѷ졣
ǰΪĸ
ٺ٣һ飬ôЩͽҲụ̂
ڳǧڰλ龳ֵ֮£һҲƵػеķ糱
ɱ
Ȼһɫ۵ߣ𣬼սȦ
޼ԣѹ
ֻһͺȣһ֣İͼͻûɣ̩ɽѹһ͵شһѹȥ
顭
ֻһıһˣѹϢȫⱩ͹
ͼУһεķ֮ѹ£˷·̶Զ
󣡡
Хתͷһֻһ߼սȦɵŭͺһڸʲôĪҲҪ֣
ԣһЦХ죬ĪҪšֻǰΧҷ˰ˡ
Χҷˣ
ХһЦǹ˱ཫ㣬ɱ⼸߹Ҫ˵İæȰ㻹ǸϽ֣ͣҪΪѡ
һ˵ţХȴһ̲ͣգۼǧǹӰʹϡ
糱Ĺ֮£ϵѷԽԽ࣬Ҫ˶ãҪױ
Х˵Цˡ
ҪͨˣҾԲ֡ͣ컯ɾ鹲ͬĵˣ˵ö֮ҳɱͣܲŰɣ
лĻߣЦһ˿Х졣
㡭
ХϢһϣʱ޵
˵úʵ˭֪⣿ҪҶȡ֡ô
󣿡
ʮʱҲϵսȦ֮⣬ȥɵüͷ΢
ϣǸ龳֡ʮܵ
΢΢ͷ

˵ʮ
˵ö֮ôܹԹأ
ֻһˬʵЦһ۵ӷӶڷ磬룬һŵỊ̇˫һ԰師һ׶ģ
һͻеظͷغܣÿһͷ˾޴˺
ɢޡڽա
ХתͷһʱлңɫԽԽѿ
ڽգһպɢޣʹ師ɱءһطԵ޹ʵؽɱ¾ŵͷͨŶ׷ɱڽգǣ˳ɹ׽ù鰸
ʮĽܵ
ڽգ׿ӣ΢΢ơһλ龳ĸ֣ƱԽԽҡ
Ǻǣɱֺ£˱̣
Ȼһĺ쳹ԶһֻӶڵ׵ļϣһֳַ۵ĵá


1828 ɹ
˶ʱѭȥ
Ƿȵĺɹã
ɹ龳Ƹ֣ó깥ǸѲĶ֡
ԽԽ龳ּսӣҪء֡ѶȽԽԽҪԸĵˣͣڸŵ龳֣
᳡ӴܶļʮڣûԶԶԶվ԰ȫĽֵϣң᳡ϿյĻս
ͬʱڵĵУÿһʿ΢΢ͷ߿еľһϢ١
ɹãҲû٣
ХһŭĿӡ
Х죬ɲҪѪˣĶҳûˣ
׷ɵǰɹ͵شӵ׵ļһԾ£ĥ͸ֻɱͰˣ˵ˣǱҪɱ˶ᱦҲδؾǿ᳡֡ҿ֪ǸڣҲһ֣
ХϢһϣɫһһס
ȻķǳޣХȴûʲôð취ֹ˺ֻ֡ܰ׼ڹؼʱȫԸ
컨䣡
ֻһȣɹеķ͵һӣʱĻ࣬ƢĻ˱Ƕȫ׹ɾУůòԸ
߿еǧȫ¶һĨܵı飬ҡҡλΣҪӸ߿׹
ãǺɹõԵþ
ϿرʶĻҪ׹ɹõԵþʧȥң
ʴʴĵ컨㣬һεĶҩ
Х챬һлɫĳǹ͵һһɨǿĿʱϯֱӽĻϯա
ȻͺƴĴһ಻ɨȥһ꣬һ꣬ˣն
ɹã
üͷһ΢΢һЦԽԽˣڵһʱȴԶʿҵţһЩڡ֡͡Ĺؼۣϵ׵Ķ֮С
ͬʱԶһЩʿϵؼ뵽ս֮УģԽԽ󡣲һʱ䣬߰ǧʿ˻ս
ӿ糱Ⱥ룬ƾһƴֵһˣЩв
ʦ壬ǱΧˣҪû֮ߣֻܹҰˣ

Եӣдʣвĺ
ڡ
ܿҪʱӵ˫͵һų绨ЦݣǺǣġ᳡ĸһ˸ۣķȪȵľһ̣
ڣЩ̰ļһԼµĿ
һЦٿ˫ֽӡ͵ػƶ
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
ӡɶһ˸ӡ˸䡣
ÿһӡ£һŶʱը¡¡һ죬һټ
¡¡¡¡¡
һ˸ӡ£һ˸
ɲǼ䣬ذضɽҡԲʮ׵Ŀռ䣬ȫһˮ״Сš
ۣ
ˣұˣ˭ҡ
ô£Ȼһ֣ɱʥ߸֣
ԭȿֺΧ͵ʿΪһɱ
֮Уʥ֣
мںλõ龳֣ҲһЩˡ
쳷
ˣ
ಡ
һľУԭȿֺΧ͵ʿ׷׳˷˱ܿÿһʿϣ˾ֵɫΪһζ̰ǰ
ಣ
ಣ
ʮʼնȺΧֵһ˲䣬˱˿޴󰭡
˾Щ¡
ЩͿ׼ʮ΢΢˫
׵ͷһƬҵڶʿ
ɱ
ǧˡ
һȶһЩ֮󣬺ڽաɹõˣһȵɱǰȥʹΧ׷½Ӷݡ
ɱ
Х첻󣬴һеĻɫǹٶɱǰ
Ǻǣã
ɺӷ籩
ٶɱǰڶʿӲɵЦһӡһתͺһ
¡¡¡¡
ʱˮ״С͵໥ᣬתһγһɺӷ籩
ãݣ
߾
ɹáХ졢ڽյ龳֣һƲ󳷣һգۣͳսȦ
顭
ۡ
Ҳ
ǰҡ
ɲǼ䣬ǧʿֱӱɺӷ籩ɱĲƬֺƴ󣬾Ķǡ


1829 ɺӷ籩
ȫһļž
߿Уۼʿȴһɢɳһɢڸءһþֵǰɺӷ籩ŵȫֱ¡
¡¡¡¡
޾ɺӷ籩ϯֱӽ᳡Уݼΰʣɱɻҡ￪ʿоһεƴԼţͷһ㣬һСģױɺӷ籩Уһغ
ʱһһţҲûһʿóȻǰٳʲôԤ֮ıʡ
ɺӷ籩ڲϵţƺҪʧ֮ضС
ҿ쳷ȫλãĻܲ
ͺÿֲʵǹƥȻܹ˺ŵɺӷ籩Ϊ˵еİɣ
û뵽ǽʿʮλ龳ĺûһնɱʮͣҪжȡַǳˡ
һզྪɢɺӷ籩Χɺӷ籩Ĳ֮£ƴسΧӶȥ
죬ֹɺӷ籩
ɺӷ籩Ҫȥǹͳʧ֮ؾҪΪҽˣ
ХɫƴеĻɫǹϵͷųơ
顭
Ȼɺӷ籩Ƴ죬ƾ˵Ĺңһɺӷ籩̻Ϊޡ
ɺӷ籩ڲռʮȶ
ۡ
һΣڵأɫҰֽ
ʦ壡
һѽӸš
Ҳ޴󰭣ֻɺӷ籩߰˰ˣЩ͸֧
Ӱ˰֣ڳĲ£վͳһö鵤У˿
ɺӷ籩ϯʮɣĵһʱҲûа취
ھŬûһһɺӷ籩һЩһسȥģǴڲȥܵ˺ҪСöࡣ
ǳȥ֮һȶĿռ䣬ͷﴫͷ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ӳ
ﴫͷһɵ˫Ź⡣
ԶУīСĹɵļʮӣԶԶ˱ֵܿϵһҼҵУʿ̷ֻɱܵ
Ϊɺӷ籩ԵʣʮʿֻӴܣ춯ء
ಣ
ಣ
ʮӣһ԰ȫĵش
ϣа취Ƴɺӷ籩𣿡׶ͷˢˢ䣬תͷʮ
ʮҡҡͷһַǳ߶˵ƣʮţʮۣҪƻɺӷ籩Ҫɺӷ籩ڲܹʮһһ
ԣײɵȻһ
תͷǰɺӷ籩޾ӿȣǷӸڿġ
Ҫɺӷ籩ڲ̸ף
֪ɺӷ籩ܹãʮĿ⸴ӣ΢΢̾Ϣ
ɺӷ籩ӿ糱˸ҿ˵ǳûˡ
ϣҪգɺӷ籩ڲٿ
ţ
ʮǰһЦףҪ˺գ
׵˵ͷ
ã
ʮһʹӦΪ˶Ŀʩչһ˺գٳһͨȥ
ʮһļϣ˼䣬ȷսԡ
ҹħ׺һ
ɡ
ҹħһͳŹֵĽӿһīĺ˲ͽʮ˸С
ಣಣ
һ̣һΣһ֮
ǹ
һֱӽǹٻ˳ǣֱ͵һһֱӽҸһ¡
һȫûɵļʸƾճڹ֮ϡ
ֵһǣһʸ϶һööķģɢ˵ķ򲨶
ȣ
׵ͺһָһɡ
ݣݣݣݣݣݣ
ʱܹ֧ʸγһߣԳɺӷ籩ȥ

͡
ֻһ죬ɱȻļʸתɺӷ籩ײһ𵴣ضɽҡ
ȫûɵļʸֱӱ˿Ϊҽ
Ȼʸ̺һ˿򲨶ȴ˺ѳһмʮɵĿռѷ졣
ռѷһֲ֣񳱣ӿ˿ռѷڲ
飡飡飡飡飡
ţʸҲ˿ƾ˺ѳһټĿռ񳱸С
һʱ䣬Χռ񳱣÷ǳϡ
ߣ
ʱʮͺһһ׳ɺӷ籩֮С
ಡ
ȥֻһϸɲĽ磬һһĿռѷ죬ɺӷ籩ڲգʧ١
ʹ
׸оȫ£ǧٸиԼĻӦ顣
ʹûгãڻʮĴ£˳ɺӷ籩ڲ
˾ǣתɺӷ籩бޱȣڲĿռȴȶһķ綼ûС


1830 ᱦ
ȣ
ȫ߶ʣ޼Ŭûһµ

ۻϯӵĴ߶£ػûһܵĳΣҪûһܣҪ㹻ʱС
ʮλͣȫһŵؿӡ
裬˷ܵУȻǴ˵еİɣ˵һҲǲܵġ
ಣಣ
Ӱ˺գɺӷ籩ڲ
ţ
ǡôܴ
ʮͣȫһضʮ
ȫûܡӣҲ΢΢һ㶣ɴһţۣԼ۾
ɺӷ籩궼žԵš
龳ĸ֣ҲóȻ룬ĻԾһ
˭룬ʮȻͻɺӷ籩ɱڲ˲ɵΪ֮𾪡
ϣϣϣϣ
ʱʮλͣȫ˸ԵķֵһǣķȻһɫĽȭס
㡭
üͷһĮ698Ųѡľ
ʼ򣬺ǺһЦ˼ҵֲľҲὫֹ㲻Ὣ͵ݹһ
üͷһšһЦ
һݱȽС
˵ڰ˵ľϣĿ֮ӡ˶ڶԷҲΪעؽԷԼͷŶ֡
׻ǳڴܹܹھսһϸ¡ֻϣȻɺӷ籩ڲˡ
Ҳֵôʵ
ʼ򣬵˼ҵ
һʱȻ򣬵Ű᣿
׵ͷ
Ը㡣
꿴һ׽͸ĻʮһתǣҪ֣ûţ
û𣿡ʮһЦ
˶ΪһȥͿѾսˡ
û龳󣬽ƾʮΪƽƽһʥĳ꣬ʮûз
顭
ʮһӣһֻһ죬ɺӷ籩еӦ顣
ʱϯʮɵɺӷ籩һҡ񱩵ҲΪ֮˲١
ãһ˼ۣ
Ӿһ𾪵ؿʮ
ȻûϵʮȻһ۾Ϳɺӷ籩ڡҪ֪ɺӷ籩ǼΪӵƣ󷨴ʦҲδܹ͸
ʮˣȫһң
Ǻǣ
ЦеҪȻǽܹܿݻеۣʱǽʿΧ֮У˵ֻһɣɣҲڽӣ
㡭
üͷһšҧֱ죬ȻЩԥ
ף
ʮļȻֻΪҪǽʨӴ󿪿ڣó꽻ָǺã
ǲ׼Эˡ
һԥŻʮʾһɫ
ʮֵ飬һӦ顣
ɱ
ɺӷ籩ʼˣǽĺûᣡ
ɱͣһ
ɺӷ籩֮⣬һ׺ݵĺɱóһ

ʱӰ꣬ȡһʱ䣬ҵѾҪˣ
⣬˵ͷһٻ˳롣
ҡ
׵һЦĳ
ľ㲻ҪһôǾһΣҪӮˣȻáҪˣͱҺᵶᰮˡ
΢΢°ͣһס

ЦһЦʲôʸ̸
ϻ˵ϽĻûиᣡ
ϡ

δܵóѣߺ޵ҧҧһף׵ķȥ
ಣ
һһεϯԼ֮С
ˣ
һϲ
ϣسתͷŻʮһЦ
ã
ʮǰ¶һڻưСӣϿ콫ָĻʹɱ֣
ʮ˵ʱЦݺ㣬ϵɱĽ⣬ȴ˲
ǲҪôߣѾ׸ˣǾȻҪ֣ǳ룡



1831 콣
ôߣ
ЦһҡԴı֣Ǵӱ˵ȥģǴкβɣ
µı֮˵֮˭ȭͷ˭ȨռиԴ
һ
а˵
ͺһ͵һԾƻһףҵҪȭͷҵȭӲ
䡭
˵䣬һ˫ȭѾͷҶɫȭ˸ҫ۵ĹâЯɽһѹ¡
ȭƴ׺һǳ
СҲó׳󣡡
ɱ׵ĮһЦһӣһһмʮɳĿռѷƾճ׵ǰ
͡
ѪһĿռѷһΣ޾ʹӿռѷϯҪɱĳС
ʲô
ⲻܡ
걾ȣҪһȭסûϵ׵½ǶûЩ׹һмʮɵĿռѷ֮С
ಣಣ
ǧһ֮ʣæšתٺ󳷡֮յشӹһ٣û׹ԨбɱĲƬ
ӾʲôΪʲôܹ׵˺գ
컯ɾǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷˺գСΪʲôܹҶģ
ˣӾͶ֮䣬ܹ˺գǸܿĻΣգ
ѹܹɺӷ籩Ȼضڲռ䣬ԭô¡
ʮˣȫ֣һþס
㡢ĪǾǴ˵еŽ壿
Ӷͷ৶䣬ڳʱ򣬳ûˡܡһ裬һӴܸûɣѵһǰ
׾֮˺ѳһռѷʱ΢΢̧ͷף䷢ʡ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
Ǻǣû뵽Ͷ˵ҵš׵
ʲôǸ漣Ž壿
û뵽㣡
һ㵵ضסûϵʧ֮ص698ѡ֡ľʵǻ˳̨ϿɵŽ壡
˵Žǵõа۷˶һ־ܹ˺գһȻ١
΢΢°ͣ׵һ˿أŽ壬ʸ֪ҵ֡
һ٣ıУһһһٵҽСء
أ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷǺǣá֪ڽǶϣʲôĶ֣ܹ֮ڽܡ
ڣҾ͸һᣬҿͷҽ֡׸ҡһ󷢴ȱһ·
Ц٬
аصĳ꣬Щ׵Ļ
׿ͷһҪַ׸
δҲ̫ˣûн˸С

ظһҧҪ߶еİɫȭףٶͷɱСֻһβäĿǰȥͼսǿⱣһξ룬׼Զ
ͣ
˭룬ûȰصĹϯһɱȻĽһظ˳ȥؿڴ˺ѳһƤѪڡ
Ȼǻʮ֣
ǲ׼ˣȻˣͱҽǸһˣ
ʮ
һƣӵжһ˿ͷ·ǿһȺ׵ĸ
أ
ʮˣɿؽزһ꺮ů
ѵһڵһʱ佫ܸǰٿʮ񣬶һη塣
ƾһܾҪô
ʮЦһ΢΢˫Ȼ䣬˫ֺʮһĽ֣׷ɢ£⼸ɵ֮С
콣󣡡

ʮһ
¡¡
¡¡
ʱÿһеĽ֣͵رɱ⣬˲Ͼۣ֮ڸ߿лһĻߣջ㼯һ㣬һ
顭
콣ϯ֮£ɺӷ籩һƬң޾ĴɢɽѣӶĩյĸо
ãǱˣ
Ǵ˵е콣һȻܹգ֮һ콣󣿡
ˣǱ콣У龳ֶδܹóȥӣǵĴˡ
ʮˣһϻ̳Ͽ֣ȫ鲻Խز
ʦ壡
ҧһֵؿԵӡ


1832 ת
ˣˣ˾Ȼ콣֮Уڽϵ裬Ƴ뻯
콣Ҫȥǳѡ
ʹһ̾
ʦ壬ѵҪԴ𣿡ؾ
Ҳģ
ᶨ岻ɶõ֮ţϣҾԲƽɥ
͡
ٿأյ콣ڻʮĴ߶֮£мǧâĽϯ£ӿ糱գۼҪ밬һ˸顣
ȣ
ӻæӴܣֵǰ
飡飡飡飡飡飡飡
ʱһıԴĤشػǴܸ鱬죬Ҫѿ
ǺǣҵҪܹ֧ŵʲôʱǷܹҵ콣дӴ˸ǣ
ʮЦһ
ʱһһţ콣ڻʮĴ߶֮£ϵͷŽ˳Űһˡ
һˣȫܺ󷽣֮⣬
أ
ӳƬ̣ʱ˫죬Ƶ֮ߣһҪҵķԸ£
ʲôƵ֮ߣһϲ
ﴫͷ
һһﴫͷ˳ݸء
ǡ
ԵЩɣʦ壬ֻһŴͷңô죿
ˬһЦƵ֮ߣͲҪˡ
һ٣һһתɺӷ籩ɺӷ籩콣ײʱʱջһƬҡһȥһȥȼաﴫͷǧҪñ˸
˵ţתͷܺ󷽵ʮˣȫ밬صıС
ǡ
ǡ
ʮŵûɢеϣȫӵϣȻǰ˳
ಣ
һӣһεϯֱӽʮ˸˱С
ʱӴܺ󷽣ֻʣ°ˡ
顭
ǼٵغϣӦ졣ѿһָϸѷ죬񱩵ðӿвѪ
תɺӵ
ϾӸ˲βˣͺһзɿ
¡¡¡¡
ʱɺӷ籩صת޾ѹۼֹͣ˲ƣתڲ
¡¡
¡¡
ֻһ춯صı޾ɺӷ籩콣󣬷ײһ𵴣޾˷ϯ
ãɺӷ籩ƺתˣ
Ҫը𣿡
Ͽ쳷ĻҪɺӸûˣ
Х졢ɹáڽյ˵Ĵ£ǧʿ׷ͣеĹƣҲƵسԶӶݶȥ
ಣಣ
ʱ䣬˾ԶԶ롣
ɺӷ籩ڲ
ãΪ󣬲ϧתɺӷ籩ҵ콣ײ
ȥҵ콣ɺӷ籩ȫҪΪ֮飡
ʮҧ
ϣ쳷콣󣡡׹еĻˡ
УҪǳ콣һлɳˣ
ʮҧأȫ߶콣󣬶ʱյĽڲĽ𣬽ơ
¡¡¡¡
תɺӷ籩ȻӵƿأһŶʱըʱᱬը
ۡһ³һѪɫء
ʦ塭
ػæǰ
أ׼áɺӷ籩ҪױըˣѾ󲿷ֵڶϷһһըǾͳӶݣƴеܣͫһĨ֮ɫ

ɺӷ籩ȫʧȥٿأӦǰһ̣ʮһӣֱӳϯ콣󣬷ȥֻһſŽִ֮˻ʮ֮С
ϣ𷴿
һӣֱ˺ѳһռѷ죬һΣʹŻʮ֮С
޾֮Уʮ˵ƲӬһķģʱеԺˡ
ͬʱϯʮɵɺӷ籩رը޾س˷ϯȥ
ȥ
ʱȫƳ˱ըĺ
顭
ܵİأǷ«έһ糱ɺҡڣΡΡسը
ӣǵһ˫ۣ״һתͷ׼ػʮס
¡¡
ը˼ʱ䣬Χ㣬޾ͳεʧ֮ظΪƽء
гǧʿ޹ɥ
ԶСīһˣ˱ܵ˰ȫһɴ˫ɺӷ籩ĺǹ֮ɫ
ϣָ磡
ǧذССֺʮš


1833 ض
ɺӷ籩ıըһӣһӣ಻Զʧ֮زμӰʢʿ˵һ۲۵جΡ
Ĵɱ˳ǧˡ
Ҵʿ͵ԹŨء
ըĺ̳죬Ũ̹
ಣ
һռѷͻأ˺˿Ӱһʮ
ǣ
׸һʩչѰۻܣһȥܿͷİء
ʱ˿̵İأеܼѾ٣ȫԡѪء
ɱ
ʮ𣬾Ҫնɱء
վס
ȻһӰ͵سڻʮ׵ǰ
ţ
˶ȥɵһЦ˲ˣȻӰصʦ塣
ʱӣϢ٣ڵһգޱȡȴܹظܵľġ
ƾҲҪǣ
ʮЦһһӣһĽһֱӽӵһ۸ն
ƤⷭתѪ졣
ۡ
Ϣ٣ֻ֮ҲֻܱܿҪλȴ޷㿪Ľ
ʧȥһ۰ӣҲûа
֮㣬Զ޷õŮףԪľһ̣÷
һһسŻʮ߶һ̫Ĺڡ
ң
ʮüͷһɱʱء
ȻûȻʮ֣ӵͿʼҵȼͣһӣһε֮ӿ˻ʮ
ӾȻϧȼձʮ

ʮһΣɫϣ÷ǳѿ
ϣ
Ȼһæǰʮ
û£
ʮ˿԰˰֣ҪɱֻҵĽմȾѪҲܹ֮ʴ
ԣ׵˵ͷɵش˵һԡ
ȥ
ʮŲһתһֵȫȼյӡ֮ǰӲ㲻ֻһֿնȴ͸ŹаŻʮ΢΢һĻߡ
飡
ƲһϣӵԴһİ׵Ѫӿ
ಣ
ٿأһϯƯڰС
֣
ʮݲǰһͽָ֮УһĨϲ
ϲϣ
üЦ
ߣǼ׷ɱأʮһֱӽָ˱УһԾ˸߿еİء
Ұڴģ֮ǲܸʦ屨ѩޣѿԶ޷õɣ
߿Уҧ˸۽Ѫᡣ
쿴ǣ
ɱ
ɱܹˣ
Զһʿʱȫ˰ص׷׼Եķɱڵ˰ء
ʮףҲڵһʱǰ
ͣ
ȻһͳһﴫͷһеﴫͷȼʱһĨֶ£
ãҪˣ
ס
ʮʧ
ӣûôף
͵ؼǹǣһ¡
ಣಣಣಣಣ
һ̣âļʸƿ
ϧͲһ㣬صӰƾʧ٣ʸȫա
ظˣ
һź
壬ǿ뿪Ƿ֮أ
ϯǧʿԼһۻԵϢʮæ
ã
Ҳ£ҹħ
ɡ
ҹħֽһһɹī˲ʮ
ͣͣ
ʱӰΪڹ⣬һ֮ε·ߴӱըĺϯһԶеСī˻ϡ
ָ硭
Сһףʱϲط׶پһŮеӿڱǣɵѪӿ
ָ磬ɱ𣿡Сĺ
׵˵ͷնɱ˰صʦ壬ϧظˡ
ͣǳأ壬ÿһ컯ɾһѣسΪ컯ɾĹС
˭Сü΢
ؾǸ׽͵
СĻȻ
ϣ컯ɾĴӢۣ
Сһ˵ʮնɱ˰صʦ壬ɵϲЦտŻʮһĴָ
ʮٺһЦ¶һưһûûεģ
𣿡
īһһڴѹɤʵ
ʮһۣɵ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ
Цõһö֡
䣬īСģȫǰһһ쳣
̫ˣֿ޼ܹ֮һѾǳ˲ˣ
ڲõĽǹĹɽõһ֮ˣڴ
Сһ߸ߡ
һ۷׷֮ʣԶʿ糱һӿ˱ըĺһĵѰÿһأڴܹڷ֮֡
ߣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ī
׵ͷһȵطӶ𣬾ԳŰڵĵϯȥ
ɺӷ籩ԵʣϽĵѾΪһƬ棬Ũ̹ȥ洦Կһ߾ߺµʬ壬津Ŀġ
ಣಣ
һ˾ԳŰ˵ķӶȥ
˵ڴٵʿƺҲɺӷ籩ˣϵʿӿǰڵĵ֡
еʿв߶š֡͡ȹؼʣһ֣׿ЩЦ
¥
͹СԶԶӭ
ҿһᡣ׵
֡͹ԵȣһϺþƺòˡ
Сʶף֪ǽѵյĺˣɱ˸߼ǰʮǸˣд
ڵСķԸ֮£һŮ׵ϸ¥һС
ڲ׹ϷţȻ֪ΧŸƣȻ̫ģīֲ˼
ǿһӣٻ˳
ıϯᡣ

С˷ܵظеһʱЩ֡Ƭ̺Ĺĵ̾ϢϧǸȱƷҪɣǳѡ
ֻˡã秵˵һ䡣
СƤطһۡ
ϣǻǿְաī˴֣һڴؿʮ
á
ʮԶֺǺǵģûгǸûĻϤˣԶ
ಣ
ʮһУֱӽһٻ˳
̵磬Σһɵ˲ɵþһ
ð
СĸƶЦ磬Ӧþַѿ״̬ˡ֪ʲôʱܹһ֮


1834 
ϣԿܲܵѪīߴٵ
᳡ϣӣڽָѪü֮УüĴûһɫĻơ
á
ʮ΢΢һЦҧָ⣬һѪѿϡ
סСġīһˣȫض硣
͡
˺ĿУûʮƵ鷢ľѪһѿߣȼճһǳɫת١
ף
СԸоȣԾϣľѪûбգ
Īֻˣʸ𣿡
īüͷһ²
Ҳ
ʮʹĬƬ̣ԳΪұ˵Եʣ
㱻ˣ
˭ˣΪʲô˾ͻ⵽ֵų⣿
īСȫضŻʮ
ʮЦһҵǸɱ˵ӡʱϧȼľԼеĻҡ
磬ӣѪȻ˲ų⡣Ȼ˵ѾΪ֮ʮ
ԣСī벻ɵ
ϣѵûа취𣿡üͷ΢
취ȻС
ʮٺһЦֻҪܹѹסڵ֮Ҳϵϴһ죬һ䡣
̾
ӻʮƺҪ䣬һǳḶ́ڲõ
ָ磬㲻Ҳһ𣿡
ȻСǰһʲôתͷףҪԿܲܵѪ
ʮīȫؿס
д⡣
׵ͷһЦһУͽһȭͷСļƷ˳ڼƷڲһŴɫ֣ոðһѿߣǳɰ
ƣ
ָⷢһɴ羢͵ϯ£һƷӲһѷ졣
öƷǳǸɶõı
˵͸ˣСĿʮۡ
Ʒ󣬱͸ֵһˡ
ҧָ⣬һѪ˼Ʒڲ
Ѫ˳ϵѷ죬ڲܿϡ
ʱ˵ȫᵽɤ۵λá
ӡ
ٿأһգۼͽеѪһգţڲӿһƱ⣬Χ
ಣ
һ̣־ԻûһƱ⣬׵ü֮С

һʱоԺжһ꣬һĸоȫ׸о崺硣
ɹˣ
̫ˣָɹںһö֣
С־ϲ
ǿ쿴
ʮָ׶ͷϵĻƣЦֵӡǡ
īСĵȫ̧ͷ׵ĶͷܹؿһҶģɫӡǡ
ɫӡǣ֣ע⿴
壬Ϊֵˣī븧ƶЦ̾ĻԵˣҪ֪ܹҲ;ſţ
׵ͷһЦ
ָ磬ͷϵӡܹ𣿡Сĺʵ
ֵĻӡǣѰʿ֪һ˿˾ͱ¶ˡ
ԡ
׵ͷһЦһͷϵĻƾʧ٣ֻҴ߶ֵʱҵĶͷϲŻ¶
ƽʱʱֻҪҲԸ¶ӡǣͲᱻ˸֡׵
СһЦ
ö
ȻûͷûԵ˵һ䡣
ˣ
𼱣Ʒܿˡ
Сһ㶣ЩЦؿס
ʵʥ߸֣ҪͨʳӪֱӼȡ֮Ϳˡ
ܹٹȵʿ˵Զʱֻһܵķʽ
ȻˣһЩǳζɽ亣ζ֮⣬ʳʳҲ̺ųʳһܣҲܹܺõĴٽ
ŶҶˡ
׷Сƫ֮󣬲ɵһЦ͵Ҹոںϵġ֡ˣ
ֶˣ
Ϊʲô
Сī벻ɵԡ
ֻ֣һոշѿӣҪմ֣ȡ֮׳ɳ
ϧǣֱһڲһˣҪǳѡ
ȻˣöƷ鱾һƷҲܹһֻ֡ⲿֶ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʮһͽԼķ˵˳
˵û׵ͷ
īСҲ΢΢ͷ
׽ִܷڲ˳Լ֮Уӽ־ͱϬһ
ԣܹظֵܵġ

һֱӽָٻ˳
ಣ
ͷϵɫһȭͷС־ͷɶڰвϲ
һͳһƿšƿһȪϡ
ľٶСī˿һĿɿڴ
һ۲۵İܼӰ
īЦãѰʿζõһȪ߾磬ȴ
СıīĻÿֱЦٿ׵񣬶һ˿ԡ
ĸŮϲǮˣ


1835 ѩ
ֵõȪʱʢССѿ̰һ໴Ӥ
Ȫеܿ죬ټİУŨ䣬ɾУȫµʮë׶鲻Խſ̰ؼȡ֮
һʱ䣬־ͽһȪ̺İȫʳϣССѿߵƤزšಣȭͷС֣׵ȦһɫС顣
ʲô㻹ûԱ
üͷһЩЦõؿǰġ֡ҡҡͷִӴƿеγһȪ
ֵõһȪ֣˷ܵضѿߣܿٶ̰ʳȪ
һӺٶȻûһ̹⣬׵ҪȪ
֮£ֱӽƿڷϣֽʳ
ʱּ֣ವһûһ̹⣬ֻһָϸƿ˽ȥ̰˱Ȫ
Сī롢ʮһ˿Ŀɿڴ
龳֣ҲóȻһȪֵãȺȪȻȫû˼
ڣֱӻûһ̹⣬˵˴ƿдʳȪĿࡣ
Ҫ֪ƿпװʮεȪ
ˡ
ű졣
С򿪷ţǰϲ˵ŮСĴ򿪷ţС
ŮСزУһӣֱӽһڵɽ亣ζٻ˳Ȼˣٲ˼ĮеҾơ
ãʲôҪܷԸŮЦģˡ
ʱڳʮˣ׷׿ʼʳҾƣгޱȡ
Сģһ˷ͻص̷ƽ𵤣ȡ콫á
΢΢һЦҪֱܹͻƣ磬Ϊһʥ־͸ˣ
ԣСһЦ΢ҡУһ뿴ĹھأҿɲϣΪ˵Եʣı

΢΢һЦҡҡͷҸںʲôھںơ
СС΢죬۵شͷ
㿴
ȻīĿһָŴһĽֵ
ţ
ѭȥɵǰһ
ؽֵһĽֵϣһмʮˣǵ˹ؽֵʿ׷ױá
ǻǸСˣ
΢΢˫
Сü΢Сӿһŭ
Լġ
һ΢΢һЦ֮ǰ᳡У˸һֽԼ¥棬֪Ǻˣֻ֪Ҫת÷ƽ𵤣
ǺǣĻˡ
һеƸһһĨ졣
ȥҴ
ָָһСС꣬ǹĹɵһӡ
ǡ
ЦվԸ
һ㽫ֻ׼һ˹
ĵҪҵݣԲ͸¶
õġ
ϸţ˵ͷԴ򿪷˳ȥ
ϣīϡ
̧ͷʮī룬Ҳرһ¡龳ڣ»й˼ɣϹ
ʮīһۣ΢΢ͷ
á
¥¸ŷ磬㵲ס󡣡ʮ
˵ţŹĹɵʮӣ߳˷䣬¥µĴ
ָ硣СЩţС߬׵ƣȫǺ顣
ģڣҪû󸶳ʹĴۡ
ĦСĵ㷢ᶨ
šСصͷ
ֵϣ󲢼У̸͵顣
û뵽ǸȻǴ˵еˣٶǰΪը컯ɾͣ
ҡͷп
ܿϧû֡̾Ϣһ
ٺ٣ҲáһߣҾһ֡ǰʮĲѡֻ֣ʣ¾
а벽ıϻü׻ȡܹھĻὫ
ͦأŲõЦݣҪٵõöƽ𵤣ôҾް֮ˣ
ȻֵһУ߳ٻӰȻ࣬Ů
һŮĸپ£ǵ͵ĹŵһϮɫȹ΢ḧɫľ΢΢˲
һŮ㣬ͬΪһذҷسȹһֲʳ˼̻ĳ֮ˣƶ׹Ů
һȥʱ΢΢˫ۣЦζһӻĶѩ
ΪһŶӣˮݲŶԣһ
Щɶͷԡ


1836 ս
ڻ֮ʣѩѾ첽ŮЦٻ⣬ЦеŻ
ûоЩܳ
Ҫ֪ƽﻨѩǶǱԸ߰ıɽŮǻĺŹӸ磬ѽӽ
û뵽ջѩλŮȻˡ
ӣ¡
ȿڣֵģȫ顣
ӴλŮʲô£
һЦݲá
˵ز̸ĵطȥ¥СΣѩЦúܸɾⶼġ
ȥ¥С𣿡ʱ裬ĪǻѩѾ֪Ҫ¥ƽ𵤵ˣ
ҪȻĻô᲻粻س
ӹһתҡҡͷУζܽǴ¥ȥĻѱǲ뾺ۡ
һˣеаһͷʲô˵ˣһҪܵ顣
ԣѩȫЩΣ֮ɫֻһţͺɫ㣬Ϊ飬ֻ˵õһϻüסǰ벽ıסõϻüףǰʮѡУܹ㿹Ķ޼
°ͣе⡣
ԭѩ˵õһϻüף
Ȼһӻѩõ˱ϻü׵ĻһǿĶ֡
ҪȻҲǵӡ
ûǵõһϻüס΢΢һЦ׼
Ǻǣ㣬ʵҪ˵顣
ѩ΢΢һЦ
ˣ
üͷһɫЩŹ֡
ˡ˵ͷĹھƣͬ
Ŷüͷһ
Ҳ֪ǰʮеġꡯͣѾݱ¶֮ززԲٲˡ
Ҵ߲еõϢĹھֻܹʣ¾ŸˡŸˣֳ飬ÿһѡ֡
Ϊ飬ÿһˣЩ⣬ʲô
ֱΪұұܹŸѡ֣ռұ˳ɼĶԱȿʼѡֽжսĶԱѡսǱԱѡ֡
ÿһԱѡԼԱжսֻܹѡԱɱѭһֱܹھΪֹ
񲻽ؽ͵
һ
ܹΪұ飬ռұ˳ѡֶս
ԣԱӵžԵȨΣԱֻбķˡ
ңΪÿһԱѡԼԱжսĳ˵ûʱ̣ͬһԱ໥֮ǲвġ
ʲôƻ𣿡΢΢һЦ
ҪˣΪͬһԱѩ΢΢һЦ
Ŷ
üͷһšôֵģ
Цͨǩġ
ΪʲôܹƷ飿еȡ
Ǳѡ֣췽ĶȻһЩΪֶ֪Σ
ҡͷһЦصֻҪԸ⣬ѩΪԱ㣬ԸǽΪͬ˵ĻҲὫ
Ҽ飿
ɵм
ӻԱȻռƣ֮ܹΪһԱȻǼõġ
Ҫʲô
һ;뻨ѩˣûѵ֮ͣǰҪ֪ԼʲôС
оһ֣˳֮⣬698ľǶڵв󡣡
ԣǻὫڱ飬в͡
ʵµһû˻ὫΪ֡ԣҪͦ
˵һתһؿ
ѡ698ľжս
һӾץסĹؼ
Ȼѩҵԭ򣬾ǿõһϻüףлսʤסûܻףҲܹסȻڽսУѩ׶սʮþˡ
ıߵĻѩ䵱ڻңȻǲԸġ
ƺǿ˻ϵĳ֮ɫ΢΢һЦӣõһϻüףʵľԲĶֵġ
ҪԼģ

ӣʧʧҪҪ飬ҪϡĻǾҪұˡ
ѩ
һһ


1837 ޳
˳˼
ҪնڣʣѵķʽֻмܹȨԱˡ
ңĻһӻ񡢶ѩͬһ顣һͿԱһŶǰ
ǡ
Ҫ飬ҪڵһѡΪ֡
׿ǶڴţҪ̸ף
»бϻü֣ҲûоԵİա
ɹףô׶ڻĿ϶ǳ󣬻ҪڽĶսʤݴ͵Ļѩѡ֣ɹܹھνǳã
ܹõöƽ𵤣ҾͿڶʱڻָơĻҾͲľĶ̫ˡ
ĻǲԸľġ
һожϡ
¾̧ͷŻѩ΢΢һЦǸһʱ䣬ҿǿǡ
һҾ͸Ǵ𸴡

ѩһۣ΢΢ͷ
ã
Ǿļ
ѩ΢΢һЦ
ʱһСС꣬˻ǰ˹֣ʵǻ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ҽҹ¥Ⱥʱϣܹ츰Լ
Ŷ
ɵǰһһ½ǣǵس¥ķȥͷ·
ǡǰ·
ѩˣں󷽣ϵš
ܿ죬һ˾¥ſڡ
ӣҼҹӷԸˣֻ׼һǰȥԼԡһΪѵؿŻ¡
ã
ûгɣ˵ͷ£¥ȥϣȰдһѩ뻨һ
ЦŻѩ˴ѡһ¥ݵλ
ǰǴ˷ǰǳĳҪ˵ģϣܹ˵ӡ
ϲͼû˵顣
ֻЦƷ衣
ڴһУʮīһˣΧһţй۲Żһˡ
ˣ
ī뽣ü߳ⲻһӻѩô˵СѾͷƬǶڵĴţǻǻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӡȻʶѱĵشĺŹӸȡˣʵȴɡ
û뵽һѡ֣ҲҪˣ
īʶһӾ˻ĻʱƲƲ죬ʾм
ǺǣϧҪ˵ĶһҪ촦ˡ
ʮζһЦյűеĲˮ
ڰС£ܿ¥һ⡣
˷š
ǡ
Ŵ򿪡
깰֡
ǵز뷿֮Уһ̧ۣɵΪ֮һ
ǡǣ
һԾСģûϵҪн׵ˣȻΪжд̵ĳУ
һ꽫ŴϣҴ¥
ǲǺ⣿û뵽ģ
չһЦһһװŷƽ𵤵ĺӸ˳ҪǺµĻھ¥Ҿ
ȻˣҪһ׵Ļһʮ⡣
װеķƽ𵤣˵
£
Ĺӣôֻ߹
Цֵһ˵ɣҪôף
֮ǰѾ˺ܶ׼׼˴Ȫ⻹в鵤ҩϡķȵȣڵõƽ𵤺ġ
ڣ׵ĶʱЩ׼ˡ
ϾǳУ˵Ϊ˱Ҫۣߺ׻һ
ûûס
˵õһϻüף𣿡΢΢һЦżɽʵ
ϻüף
ЦһҡͷԣľĪҪұϻü׵ɣǺǣȰ㻹ʡʡɣϻüԲΪ׳ġ˵ˣеķƽ𵤣ʸҵıϻü׵ȼ۽
ˬһЦýĿ⿴ҡҡͷ˭˵Ҫ÷ƽ𵤸㽻ϻüˣ
˵ţֱӽеķƽ𵤵ݸĻҴ˷ֻҪöƽ޳͸ˡ
ʲô޳͸ң
΢΢һ㶣û׵нӹƽ𵤣üͷ壬ӵĿⶢףƺҪ͸׵˼
ȻʼЦݲã޷Ħ⡣


1838 ܹ
ΪʲôҪƽ͸ңüʵ
׵ожд̣޲ýɱ˲źãһ㣬֪
׷ǵûгûҪۣ޳ؽһöƽ͸ûоǳ֣ûס
һʱһʱ
΢΢һЦ׻˵ʶʱΪܣõһϻüף֪Ķֻ֣ܹھʱҪҲˣ飬Ҫ̫ѿ
Ŀ⿴
Ŷ
΢΢һ㶣ţϸֳһĨЦ⣬ãľò˵һˣʱơ
ھʹӦ㣬ܹھʱҪˣһ̨µġ
ظĵ죬Ҫж⡣
ѩ뻨սˣŵ飬ΨһҪڵһ׶ԭȻЩԥԼûоԵİջס
˭룬ڵ֪õһϻü֮󣬾ʾʰ·硣ûǺһһ̵ġ
áСһЦֽƽ𵤵ݸ
һʱ죬Ҳƴǣ־Ҫӹеķƽ𵤡
飡
ȻûȻף׵͵һеķƽ𵤶ʱƾʧ١ţ͵һֱ֣ӽסãһǱ죬ֹǼҪ鿪
ۣۡ
ϳ鴤۵ֱУľ㾿ʲô˼ȻҶҶ֣ͲҽʬΣ
ס˻мطһۣ͵һӣһ򲨶ʱ
ͣ
ʱһɳĿռѷƾճ֣޵ѪڣһεϯƺҪ˸С
ʲô㡭Ȼܹ˺ѿռ䣿
ɴ˫һʧŵûɢҪ̱ڵء
ʱ³ɺһ˽ˡ
ĮһЦ͵һһͱ׸ק˿ռѷС
ſҡŵûɢƴͼ׵ѳϧ׵־ͺǯһѲá
ಡ
һ̣Сˣһ򲨶£ֱӱռѷС
һֻĿռѷ죬ڿռ޸£ܿʧ١ڲһЩѵ֮⣬޴󰭡
޾С
סСġˣƾճӿ糱ĿռСÿһ˵ϣķģЩģư쵵ĺһУʱֺ
㡭㾿ǺηʥΪܹھͶ֮䣬˺գδҲ̫ˣ
ֵضףƿһ
Ǻǣ˵ľֻһˡ
СĵһЦ°ָ֣ͣףǴ˵еŽ壡
΢΢°ͣ˫ֱأŻʱ˿̵Ļ׵Уֻһͷ׵ĸˡ
˵ʲôľֻһʵףΪŽ壿
㡭ĪǾǴ˵Ԫ͵ϳ̨ھŲ̨ףһаһַ򴫳е֮ӣ
һĿضס
Цһ÷ص˵ͷ
ʱŵȫ̱Ҫ޳
ûϵľȻǴ˵еŽ壡
Ҫ֪Žǻ˳̨Ͽɵ֮ӣ츳ѪһӻҲҪѷһ
Ϲ̨ھŲ̨ףϧܿͱ˸棬ֻ꼻һ֣ھеĲѡУѾԳΪһӣҪױҪԶˣ
ľŶ壡˲С˹һ·գ
Ҫ֪Ǵ˵еŽ壬ҾҲΪۡ
Դһʱ
ΪĹӸ磬ǰ;ɲƽɥ
Ǻǣҷһ·
ҡͷһЦҲǲС
ģ
ǰһŵضס
֮УֻҪԸ⣬һ֮ͿԳķ򣬵ʱ򣬻̾ͻᱻ޾ʱʳɲƬ
Ȼġ
ζһЦ̯ƣֻҪԹԽϻü׷׳Ҿͻһ·
ʱϢһϣϵļһջҪѿжѿ
ϻüһ벽ıףǻķ˴Ǯģ׾ȻãʵЩǿѣ
ô᲻ã
üͷһЩͷĮһЦ
ãȻá
ͷо絶ʣȴ˿ҷ׵˼


1839 
ϻüȻ󣬵ҪûãҲ塣
ϻüײֻһ֮ˡ
壬ҡܲһҪ󣿡
֧֧ؿף̺һ˿󣬡ȻѾӦңֻҪҽϻü׷׸㣬ͷһ·㡭ɲѪģ
Ѫģ
׶ʱЦˣһ˦˻ϣž졣
ʱеһƤⷭתѪ
ĪǻΪԼĹӸ磿κ˶ҪǨ㣿
ʲôʸ̸
ЦգıԵҶ׻˵ʶʱΪܣϣŴ㣬һ³
Ϣһϣȫ޲ƴһεط˷
˵ûʶʱΪܡ
ףƿŻʲôֵҪ󣬻ֻбܡĻһ̾пɥ
塭
ҧҧ侲֪㲻ŹңնҪȡҵǣҪһϡ󡯣һ龳ĸ֣һ¥ҡҪ㽫ҸɱˣһŹģ
󣿡
Цһ˦һ˻ϣһƣֱӽ˳ȥѪ졣
ʲô⣿ҲңЦ
׵޲ƴ
ָ磬ҪϻˡǧַԽĥȥֳø
СĽһ̧һ˻Ŀ£ƫеؽСߵ÷顣
໣ŮˣҪҶӾﰡ
۵໲ҺȫΡڵһʱתԪȫ޸ơ
ŻҽеģСĿֱЦ𵱳ڱʱ򣬻ɧԼģоͷǳ
һжӾţֻһθ˶ѡ
ҸһᡣֻҪԹԵؽϻü׷׳ҾһĻ̾ͽĥȥ
׳
ܵΪͷ񣬻ɥصذ̾һڵͷӦã
壬ȻûѪģһһԾŶģ
ҧҧһһɢտɫıϻü׸˳һӣͽϻüеһѪ֮Ĩȥˡ
ʱϻü׳Ϊһ֮

ʹؽϻü׵ݸףһɥ
Ǻǣʶࡣ
һУһεͽϻü׸Уűϻü״еһ˿ĸоײɵһЦΪ˷ܡ
ϲָ磬ֵõһ
СЦס
Цŵͷһͽϻü׸˱С
ţһνؿСģСģСֽˣεҪ㣬㲻ϧԲУЩɥ
СѾΪޣʱ򱨳ѩˣ
׳СһЦ
Сص˵ͷתͷУһĨŭ
㡭Ҫʲô
壬һ˾׷ĪҪʳԶʣ
һضס
ûʳ԰
΢΢һЦҴӦ˲ɱ㣬ȻͲԶɱ㡣СѪҪɱ㣬ҿסۡ
˵ţһĨζǿŶ԰һֻӡ
㡭
ϢһϣЩѪ
һףƾûԹԽϻü׸˳񶺹һˣһѣ
ȫѹ
СģҪĥ˫ֱأյСĽš
ҪҪ
СһʱЩɬЩسҪղ׺ݵʩչӾȣһһε߱ĵ
䣬ײɵõɴӣЩЦˡ
û뵽СһǧС㣬Ȼ˺ݶֶĥˣնϽʰ·硣
㣬ɱҰɣһһص߳жҲһķʽȥ
ɫһһףȻ̾Ϣһһضף
ۣ
΢΢ͷһӣ͵һһĵâֱӽԴ
ţһһɿ񱩵ӿԴ֮Уֱӽ׶Ͼ

Ѫɫ˫ͫĿ
һĻᣬԲСģһ͹һβͶԶԶġ
ϧֻأֻһΣûкҩ


1840 
Ѫɫ
һӣֱӽѪɫٻ˳
ʥֵǴ֮׾Բ˷ѡ
໡
Ѫɫʱϯһ֣ͷ˻һǼһͷĸһſѪڣȿֺ̳š
һͱѪɫ̳һգǿѪѪɫڵ֡
һ֣ͽѪɫ˱С
ָ磬ллұѩޣСһؿףֿ
һˣҪߵŮ˶ˣǻŻʲô˼
΢΢һЦСģסߣûܹ㣡
Сʣжص˵ͷ
ߣʱȥˣ
΢΢һЦһʶӣһӣֱ˺ѳһռѷ죬СһԾգ۾ͻص¥İС
¥УһЩӰ֮⣬޴󰭡СĻص˰УһЦص³һ
СģѾ㱨ѩˡʧ֮ٴҲûʲô˼ˡǽվ뿪ա
׽⿪һĽᣬٸһɣһ
㲻μӹھˣҿأ
СգգˮĴ۾ȵ
һЦҡҡͷ
ʧ֮ذʢܹھ
ͷΣ׸мһˡ
һѾ⣬СͷΡ
ָ磬Żͷ
Сע⵽һѪܵԴɵü΢
΢΢һЦҪǸƨһ
˵ţһѪܵͷ­жʱһѪһӣһεϯѪƾջû˼֣һӡһѩ׵ǽϡ
ѪܵĴ֣Ȼ֡ɱߣľҲ
ѪܵĴ·һ꣬Դǽϡ
ˣ󹦸ɣ߰ա׿һԼĽص˵ͷ
СһȻؿһ׵ĽЦã򿪷ţԳ¥ȥ
ܿ죬СľͲ¥СһˣĵЦǰȥ
ȥһͽһǬ˵С˲ͷѣһзСѡ
Сʶһɨʱǰһæл
һ¥Уʮīˣһֱע¥ϵĶһСĴ¥ʱ׷¥ݿȥ
ףѩ㿴
Ȼ¥ݿڲԶһ䣬ĿһĿתضסĩˣ˳ѩ½ǡ
ѩתͷѭȥʱüһ698ľһιھľ֣
ߣȥ
վԾԾԡ
áѩ
Сļ粢磬¥ſڣʮīһ˻ϡ
˭룬ѩŮȴֱ׶
ľ
һ䣬Цеؿס
ţ
תͷȥɵ΢΢һѩ
ԣѩɵһЦ׶ǲİ
ϲ㣬ɹɱǰʮĹھΪ˱һƥ
ѩչһЦһִĸо
ʼǫˡ

ҡͷһЦζɱǰʮÿɲһ٣һתѯʵôڶмɰգ
ڣ
Цһʼ򣬡Ҷʲôƨھ⡣ΪְˡһиҪҪѾ׼ˡ
䣬ѩɵϢһϣһʱԡ
ÿһѡֶܹھ׵ĿУȻֻһƨ
ңײĳֻΪ֣
ţ˱ˡ
Ҫ֪ѡ֣ŵǧӣΪ˶һΣڼʮǰǱĿˣȻȴ顣
׵ãֻǹһ棬Ȼ׵ɱǰʮ
㲻ǰɣ
׵ĻЦһҪȻҪ
ѩΪȻص˵ͷ׵ЩС
ˣûм˿ˡ
˵ײֻԪˣܹɱǰʮѾҪոˡ׵ãһµһûнܹھͷηļƣѩĵ÷С޲ȥһףҲ֪ʲôߵغ
Ϊǣ
ԲеЦҡҡͷ֪Լ޷˵ǰŮҲǷϻֱһ䣬ҲաСĵĴߴ£ʮī˻ϡ


1841 ɱľҲ
ˣ
ʮī벢һףЦеسʵ
׵˵ͷ
ʮī벻ɵһЦ
߰գʧ֮ѾûмȥˡشһǷ
Ҳã
ʱˡ
ʮīȫʾͬ
һ˵߳¥һ·ͿշӣԳʧ֮صĳϯȥ
¥ڲ
ˣľǸһѾˣô󣡡Щ߷߲ƽһʧķ
ǺǣֻһĿ֮ͽˣᣡ
ѩЦһٿػһתľȻѡôǶڵĻὫҪΪͬˡ
Цһ仨˵û֮ҪˣֻΪڻңľľѾҲûбҪ£ˡ
˵ţƣѩ粢س¥ȥ
ˣˣ
һֻ˻Ƶ¥ϴŨŨĻ̼֮飬쳹¥
ʱһ¥Ŀˣȫѭȥ
һҲɻ̧ͷ
׼뿪ĻѩһСĺҲŲһ٣תͷ¥ݿڵķ
ȥֻһֲµĵСײײش¥ˤһʧǣϵشţӡˡ
䣬һ¥ڶʳͣȫΪ֮һһɴ˫㵵ضŵСȫԼĶ䡣
ʲô
ˣ
ѩ΢΢һһʱԡ
˵ʲôӵ׳ʲôˣ
һСĻʱȻŭ͵һԱˣһֿס˵СĲӣյõСҪˡ
ȿȣӡӵͷ͹¥ϵİССɥ˵϶ƴֱָۣ¥ϵķ
飡
ֱһ˦ֱӽС˦˳ȥײ˼ӡԼһڵӣҲƵس¥ݡ
ˣ
ô¥
ѩһզྪдʣҲų¥ݣ¥ϵİɱȥ
¥һŷŵİڲѪȵζ
һڵӣԳ˰Сһ۾Ϳǽɷ֡ɱߣľҲ
ѪܵĴֵ·ȻһĿȫǵͷƤⷭתѪܣƽֺĻ
Сү
ȫһҪڵأǱʲôסһ˺þò³֡
ӾȻˣ
ɱľҲǺðǸ698Ųѡľ
ľȻ¥ɱˣϢֱ̫ˣ
һڵӣȫ״һʧǵضǽϵѪܵĴ֡
ʱѩ˲粽˰Уһ̧ۣͿǽɷѪܵĴ֣Լһɫͷ
ǻͷ
ѩһȥûɵشһҪӸ˳Լ۾
ɱߣľҲ
ɱ֣ȻǸղǼľ
һ𾪲ѡ
ľ
ҪʬΣ
ʱЪ˹˻һɱڵس˷䣬Ҫǰȥ׷ɱס
һڵӣʱæҵؽԴǽժſ첽¥׷ɱ׵Ķ֮С
˵ľϢɱģ
ѩڼȵ𾪹ڻعš
Ҳ֪
ľȻҡҡͷ
ڻѩУ׵ʵҲͰõһ벽ġϻüסǷǻĶ֣һδ֪
˭룬Ȼ׸׵ɱˣϢͬһ¥еʳͶδ
ζʲô
ζŻʵǰֵһᡣֻҪԸ⣬׾ܹնɱ
ѩ˵ľΪʲôҪɱĪҪɱ˶ᱦϻüռΪУ
Щɻ
ѩ΢΢һЦռľϣ֪һСĵŮϵССڱв裬ľΪ˸Сı𣬲Żնɱģ
Ȼص˵ͷԭˣû뵽ľһĴɷ򣡡΢΢һЦָп˵ΪʲôҪԭնɱ˻ˣԲ֮ززˡ
ѩüһЦҡҡͷҾľı
Ŷһؿѩ
ѩˬһЦ㿴ǽɷѪܵĴ֣ɱߣľҲҪıβϢضߣҪĵؽԼݹڣ
˫һΪȻص˵ͷ


1842 ƽ
ѩҿľĴڣûн
ҪȻҲɱĻӣңдƵĻһҪ˶ãͽΪһ䶯ԵϢ˾֪
Ϊ棬᲻ϧκδۣҲҪľնɱ
˼ص˵ͷ
ѵ˵ľ֮ҪΪҲȤˣȻȻʧЦҲԡľҲڱиûнʵչֳȻܹ׾ٵնɱҪȡܹھֵ顣
ѩ΢㣬ЩЦÿ
֮ǰ˵ľҪǻΪмΪһųû뵽һһѡ֣һѡ֣ľУԳΪֵһĶ֣
̾һһʱһԱĴܸС
Ϊһѡ֣ѩĹǷǳġ񣬾Ȼһа벽ʥˣȻܲζ

ಣಣ
һһ뿪ʧ֮أ˻ƽڻʮָ֮£ԳŶϯȥ
ϣǴҪòִܹĹɣЦԵĻʮ
ʮٺһЦҪһʱ䡣
һ룿
׿Цһ޲̾͵ִصĹĹɣĹɵ
˵УĹɵǽɱڵشڡȻδܽ𾳽磬ǣȴûκһ𾳽ĸֵС
壬ɱ˻ûеõʲôսƷīЦеؿףһڴģ
׵ͷһЦҽϻü׸˹
ԣʮī벻ɵһЦױȳһĴָ
ϻü׿һ˱ϻüףʥĸ֣Ҳûмܹ˵㡣
ʮЦ
ϽۣҪױϻüסʼתͷԵСģЦСģҪҽϻü׸㣬˱ϻüףպ磬Ϊʥ֣ͬʿоѷˡ
ϻü׸ңСһһ˼ضס
ϻüףð벽ıףΪıף壬Ҳǲɶõı׾ȻҪ͸Сģ
ʮ׵ĻҲһȣ΢΢һ㶡
ҲŲҪ
С㶣æСԴҡεúƲ˹һôصıףҿɲҪ׻˵޹»ָһ͸ôصıǲǶʲôɸ˵ͼ֮İ
˵ţС΢΢°ͣһˮһգһգӵס
Ҷʲôɸ˵ͼ֮ģ
ײɵʧЦεͷ
ģСȶײøУƴ׵ĺòãôĻˣ
ѵ˵С˵Ĳɸ˵ͼ֮ģָŮ֮£
һˣײɵ΢죬ɿһ
˵С֮䣬ѻ㺣ֻһ㴰ֽûͱơСĵĹϵĿǰҲֻͣǣǣֵĳ̶ϡ
׽ϻü˹صı͸Сģò˺˼롣
ʮͳһƺЦͷȾƣһϷģ
īһЦضףЦӣŪ׷ǳΣ֮£ֻýϻü뱦Уڳһ˾ӵģ
𡭡
ѪɫͺһٿؼӿٶȡХɳ۾
СģҪһʱ䣬ܹĹɡ㲻̷һöƽ𵤣콫ƻָ
Ȱ˵
õġ
Сĵ˵ͷٿü΢ܲڻƽϱչ˰ɣ
Խҵıˡ
ʮٺһЦ
СĵҡҡͷҲŲҪıУ˸ָҾƣҽı磬ǽһƽУζҾˡ
˵ţǳȻس˳׵½ǣЦеָ磬뵽ıò
ʼνشӦ
ಣ
£һӣһεϯֱӽСĸԼıС
ڲСѡһɾ޷ɽ䣬пһ׵ĶУһϣһΣʹӻͳһöƽ𵤣ſڽ˸У˫ʼһ̲ͣ
磬ɳ졣
⣡
ƽϣʮȻһ
īȫתͷؿŻʮ
ʮһɥҽ˱УҾղصһƽеƸһɨˣ


1843 ֦ѿ
ʲôֽղصİƽеƸˣ
һľ档
á
īһֻģ֪ǿӶģΧֲᱻӶָɿݶȻҽ뱦Уֿԡ
ʮԴʮơ
˵޼֮ʮֻнԼıУܹġ˭뵽־Ȼƣ
һСš
壬أʮתͷס
΢΢һЦˡʮȪ֮ƺڳ˯
ʮˡ
ҲһڣΪ֮ӡǣ䣬޷Ѫ
ī롢ʮؽ̸һ֮һԼıڲ
ڲһƬޱ޼ʵ󺣣ϵӿţХһѪˣεΪ׳ۡ
׵Ĵ߶֮£һŰɫֽˮֱɢĽ⡣
Ȼʮ飡
Ѿʮĵһ֡ɱڶ֡ȻĦķ壬ֻƤëҲܹΪҵɱˡ
ɱ־롮־ķ壬ҪڶʱڴĦͨ͸ǳѡҲֱӳŴĦ֡⡯Ҳвһջ񣡡
һ۹۱Ǳǹģȫעעʮϵĵ֡⡱
䡭
էһ⡱֣׾͸оƱ˵ͷһһʱͷĿѣ˵궼Ϊ֮
ãҵ궼ˣƺҪ߻ħˡʧڵһʱת
գۼ䣬ڵԪӿȣϵ׵澭ܣһضĹ켣תš
ֻоһ˵̨ࡣ
ա
ջĿ⣬ص³һ
ӣĿǰľΪҪ⡯־ǲ̫ˣ
ε³һ
ǼĦɱ־롮־գ
ȡ־İ壬ĦøһЩ
װ
ʱһһţת֮䣬͹ȥµʱ䡣
һգһɱ־뱬־˻
ţ
һͿСڵĶ
׵ıڲ׾һƬصסһ֮䣬ܹ
С̷˷ƽ𵤣˵Ӧھܹ׻ָȬġڣΪʲôûгأ
Щ棬һ̽Сĵ
һɾ޷ɽ׵ĶڲСһϣһһһֹͣˡ
С붨ˣ
Ŀһɨ΢΢һӺһתЦС̷˷ƽ֮츳Ѫõһ̶ȵɹ붨״̬ǳѵá
˵Сĳֱ֮ӽΪʥˣ
΢΢һЦ
磬ڰѪɫҹͣظ·Уƽ뿪˼Įһ̲ͣسŶӶȥ
壬Сĵôˣʮע⵽˫ѯʡ
΢΢һЦСĵѾָȬˣѵõǣˡ붨״̬
붨
ʮǰһʱٺЦã̫ˣÿһʿ˵붨״̬ǷǳѵõĻԵϣСʱֱܹӽ磬Ϊһʥ֣
ͬص˵ͷ
תۼ䣬ǰʱȥˡ
һգơƽһƬĲԭϡ
ಣ
ٿأڻƽ˫΢΢һЦֺӳ˯ѹˣ
һˣһֱӽָٻ˳
ಣ
һ̣һȭͷС֣ƾճ׵ǰƤ׵ת˼Ȧͣתɢɫӫ⡣
ţ
̫ˣҵֳһЩ
׶ϵһССѿߣһʱϲЦտ
ֵѿߣ¶ǣȴѾһѿߵҶƬҲԭƬҶӣƬҶӡ
ӴʮȪƺ˲١
ī뿴һٻ֣͵ص˵ͷ
ϣֳû
תͷʮ
ûС
ԣʮɵÿЦҡҡͷҵ֣һ۲۵ǿںɨҵİƽ֮ƺȻ㣬ֽұеһɨһա֮
ī벻ɵһЦ
ʮǹùģ


1844 
գ
һֶʱûΪһīɫĹâ׵Ķͷ֮С
촽׳񣬼Ħšɱ־롰־̺ķ塣
׶ɱ־뱬־ĴĦԽԽ롣
ûʲô̫ͻơ
׵̬ǳƽͣһʱ
һ;ˮۣҪһ˳졣ʿһյĿޣһ˿ϣ߾硣
𣬺𡭡
ƽڰѪɫ£ϵسԶϯȥ󣬽˵½žž졣
ף
Ȼüͷһĸоȣҽ֮ΪҴĦʱ򣬸о̨һƬͷͨԭоǳɬѶķ壬ƺҲҵһ˿˿ƽͷ
пϲ
ĪǣֶҵŸã
װԴ
һֱڳ˯֮УײδоֶԼʲôáִӳ˯׸оԼ˲öĿͷͨ
û뵽֣ܹ
˷ܵ촽һȻˣҲ糢ŴĦ⡯־˵֮ϲ
һˣ׵˻񣬽ɱ־뱬־˻ͬʱԼʮĵ⡱־ϡ
䡭
׵һ־׾͸оԴ˵һǱ˶ͷһһʱͷĿѣ
һ̣һ˿ת׻ԺʱָһƬѣ֮⣬ް㲻ʡ
һϲԿʼĦ⡱־
ڶɹΪѵĹؿ֮״Ħ𡰷⡱־ʱһƽ
м˷ܲѡ
ֵĸպϵЧʣһΣ
˵һ֮ϲ
ʱһһţת֮䣬ֹȥ˰ʱ䡣
һգ͵˫ĵ³һ
Ǻǣҳɹˣ
һ¶һڰǱĿ֮УѾ˷־İ巨ңֶһɱУ
־תͷƳһõĻʮ΢΢һЦϣŻжõʱ䣬ִܹĹɣ
ʮһײ֪СһЦҪ˶ˣ໹һ£Ǿִܹˣ
ĹɾͲԶˡʮֿ죬¶һڽӲӵĻ

üͷһǵһ˵֡
һأһƬȫ׵۶ɵĺѰʿҿʮƺ˫еɻ󣬾Իش
һƬȫ׵۶ɵĺ󣿡
ײɵõһ
֮治У
û뵽ϣȻ˿ֲĵط
壬㵽һʲôĵطˡʮһƣǱȱǺҪֲĽأҲһ֮أ
һЩȲҪһ
ǱȱǺҪֲ֮أ
Ҫ֪ǺѾһ֮ˡÿ궼ʿ뱩Ǻ̽ϧȴûмʿܹŴӱǺ߳
ȻǱȱǺҪֲ֮أǽһʲôĴڣ
ҡҡͷһʱпǧ
ϣǹĹɵĵأ׿һۻƽ󷽵ķַ̺̺ϿһˣʮĹɵĵӣȫӰ
ŶǶҵıбչǱˡʮ΢Ц
׵˵ͷȻһƣЦϣһ󡣡
ʮٺһЦ˵޷
Ҹոѧһؼ֣ܲܽٻһ
һڴضŻʮ
ãǡʮ΢΢ͷѯʮӵ
ʮıУʮĹɵĵӣһ˵ҪǵһԴҡǲ˹һͬ⡣
ЦУһ۲۵׵ֱǻòͷˣ
ʮЦãֻԾܾ壬ұеʮӣڱչ֮Уʱ鲻޷㵱ˡ
һź̾һ
ոշ־ķ壬ǳҪԿ־ϧûкʵĶ֣׷ǳơ
ȻĿһԿŻƽѪɫʱǰһ
Ѫɫǰ벽ʥΪ츳Ѫַǳڡ֣ʲˡ
һˣ׵ٳɣһѪɫͺһ


1845 ǧͩ
ȥȥǰ̽̽·
𡭡
ʱһǧɵѪɫ˻ƽҲƵسǰӶȥһʱ䣬ʧ١
ҹħ
ۿѪɫʧУʱһƣſԼϵİҹħһ
ɡ
ҹħֽһӿһīʱ䣬ͽ׵С
һ̣׵壬Իûһ৵һӻƽϯ£˵ص׿ռ֮С
壬һӣΪȻԼѪɫŹ
ʮɫŹֵҡҡͷ
īɫž޲׵־ٶϰΪ
ಣಣ
׻ûɵڵص׿ռ֮һ·ֱײɿǰС
ԼĪӵʱ䣬׾˳׷˶ǰȥ̽·Ѫɫ
ٺ٣װѪɫʵҲʲôʵˡ֮£ֻҵˡ
ص׿ռУʶɢǰԶѪɫʱζһЦ׼֡
𡭡
ȻѪɫǷʲôͺһƬï֡
ïֵϿգƣŨ
شȻһͩм׸ߣڶǧ׵ĲУۡ
ϸȥܹڲͬ
ͩͨ徧ӨʯɢӨӨ⣬Χƣһ֪Ƿ
Ѫɫշת֮䣬ͩϿգѪɫ˫֮Уһ̰ľ⣬һ̲ˮƺǽͩһʳ
ǣ
׽ѪɫïܵУʶɢһ۾ͿɢžӨâͩʱһ
û뵽Ȼһñ˷ܵػһȭͷ
Ȼ֪ͩʲôһ֪ǷֲܹԼıУһĺ¡
𡭡
ѪɫͩϿ˼Ȧڰ಻סе̰͵һˣ¡
˭룬ʱ
ণ
ֻһһƬïܵͩУԷɳһͷɵĽɫˡͷˣȫŽɫ棬һâıɫͫһɱڣȫɢŹɱ⡣
ţ
Ǵ˵еġ۽
ʶһɨʱһ
۽һּ̳˷ѪǷһе̳츳ѪһЩ߽壬Ʃʲô˪ʯȵȡ
岻ͬǣ۽ҪԶԶڱ˪ʯȸ߽塣
ϾڷϣһΪ£ңֲǰңֵĺС
ԣܹ۽ǳѵá
Ѫɫ
۽һϯѪɫɵ΢΢һȻûϵ컯ɾ֮УȻѪɫĴڡ
վס
ⷽԲǧ֣ͩ켪ĵ̣ٸҹĻҲ
۽һΣʱûΪһ۵ͦ꣬һ˫ĵУ¶һĨа˲ֱӡ
𡭡
켪ĽѪɫͺ˼˿ûӵ˼
켪
ص׿ռУ΢΢һЦ켪һʥĸ֣֡
ಣ
һˣ׵һΣֱŸ߿зӶȥ
һ۽Ȼвҵս裬ǲ֪
׼֮䣬Ѫɫԡ

Ѫɫһףʱʮ㣬צسű۽һͺɱȻ
ţ
ͷѪɫս裿
켪΢΢һ㶣һ˼ؿסɢϢжϣҲֻа벽ʥˡ
־ΪȻһͷͬȾѪɫΪս裿
켪ȻԼ۾
ǺηʥΪҪǧͩ켪һϾضף˿ҵġ
ǧͩ
һϲ
û뵽þӨͩȻһǧĹľ
ǧͩô
ұ㽫ǧͩΪˡһſڣ켪ס

켪Աŭ͵һӣ˵ʱûһɫĹâ絶âһѪɫ
𡭡
Ѫɫ˶ϣצ밵ɫâײһ
䡭
ֻһıѪɫֱӱײ˳ȥλֱӱ˺ѳһһɳѪڣѪ졣
ء
Ѫɫһʹ಻ѡ
ס֣
򹷻ҪˣȻһѪɫǲ֪
ŭһ͵һˣƲӥһ켪
ߣ֪㣡
켪Цһŷ˶ףг˲м֮ɫ


1846 Ѫ
͡
켪̧һӣһ̺Űܵĵâס
켪Уһδİ벽ʥԼĶ֡Ͷ֮䣬ܹɱ
ϧײǷ̤֮ӡ͵һӣͶ㿪ĵâ
ţдһɷİɫ֡⡱
֣ȫɱѪûɣһΣϯһɷͬѰķ򲨶
ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ʩչķ־Ͷͷ켪ȥ
С
׶㿪һ켪Ըоȣһ̣Цһȫûн׵ķ־
飡
켪͵һȭ񱩵ȭֱӽ־Ĳ
ˣ
ǰһʮּ
ȥֻķ־Ȼȭϯ֮£Ĳͬʱһɹķ֮к켪С
ʱ켪һ٣Ǳʩչ˶һá
⣡
켪״ƴתԪͼѷ֮ǣƾ켪̶Ужʮֳٻ
ʲô켪һһضס
׳ûͷƣĻĴͷǳΣˡ
ǣײûг֮Σ˼˫ֱأµض켪
һʱ䣬켪˷ָ֮жٿ׵񣬶һ˿Ͼ֮ɫҲóȻ֡
Ǻǣ
׵ͷһЦƺǳ⣬ҵķ־ܹһ쾳ʥһʱ䡣һʱڣ㹻ҽˡ
һʱ䣬ּʿ˵㹻ɺܶ飬һŤתս֡
ڣƾһʱ䣬һɱҲǺпܵ顣
ӣʮϵʮ֣Խ棬̺ķ֮Խǿֲ
ҲŸոշ־ķ壬ҵսһ̨סҪҽ־ķ壬Ħø룬ɱʱƱؽס
ӽֶһɱﵡ
촽ʮ⡣
ղΪʲôɱ֣켪΢΢˫ЩһսϽɱʥҲв١
һδİ벽ʥȴ޷ӶԷ̬в׽һľη壬ƺ׸ûн켪Ƿŭǲ
ǺǣҲһҸոѧһؼˡ
Цʼ
ʲô
ֻǽҵ
Ϊ۽켪ֱ£Щε
켪ôҲǼ̳޷һѪı۽츳ѪǱ˪Ҳ൱
ƽ켪ԽɱǼҳ㷹˭룬һԼһ󾳽ļһǵûռϷ磬ԷŪڹ֮䣡
ǿ벻̣
ѡ
켪һǰһ׹˹֣ǧͩҾѡľñѪ꣬ʹ䲻ɱ䣬ջûΪһáѪ˵ļֵҲ൱һȪ˵ȴҵҪҪԣϣ̧ܹ֣÷ѪΪ˱ʾлԸ͸ȪΪл
˵ţһͳһƿѯס
켪Ȫջף׾ûɾܾ
Ͼֻһδİ벽ʥȪ˵ǲɶõı
ǣ켪ζûϵһйȪٵΡûа
Ϊʲô˵÷ѪҪҪ
΢΢һЦûһڴӦ켪󣬶ѡɰʵס
׿ֵֻܹһȪĻô켪ûбҪñҪϳ
˵켪ֻҪڸ࣬׷Ѫ
켪ɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˿ŭɫӡԥһڻҧѣǱ۽ɽٵķ̫ߣԣҪѰһϡͩǷһ˵һȻϡҾǧͩ԰ҵĵ¡㡯ڶʥٵʱ򣬶ɵİգ
Ŷ
ԣײɵüͷһһľ
û뵽켪֮ҪһͩҪԼĵ£Ҳһͷ۽ɹʥ١
ʥٵգȻ֪ʥ˵ҪʮֹңԽ츳ѪڵʿɽٵվԽߡ
Ա۽츳ѪҪɹɽ٣ǳѣҪҵһϲС
ǧͩȻǱ۽ϡ


1847 ɸ
ԭˡ
׻Ȼͷٿ켪񣬶ʱһ˿͡
켪Ǹ֮ˡΪ˰Լĵɹʥ٣ϧķʱ䣬ϵԼıѪͩʹɱΪһѪ
ɸ
ܷĵ¡㡯һ棿΢΢һЦ
ⲻ̫ʰգ
켪üɱ⣬һٶãȴʼղģ켪ѾЩ޿ˡ
𡭡
ʱԶʣһƽϯǧɵѪɫһſƳ
ţ
ǡѪɫ
켪תͷȥɵͫ׽иһĨԤС
תۼ䣬ƽϯʮīӻƽһԾ£׵ǰ
һȻ龳ĸ֣
ˣտҪ֮ˣ
켪һʮīˣʱпһҪ޳
壬ڸأ
ʮһƺյЦס
ǺǣѪɫһǧͩһñѪ꣬ŻûɵķѪ
ֻǾеˡ
΢΢һЦ
Ƿһģī΢΢ű۽
ǰ켪ҵıΪ۽
켪Σæ񣬹ػش
۽
īԸоȣǺټ
켪ʹͷֱīʮˡ
һ¡
ղҪһ಻סͼնɱףô롣
ĵ㣬Ҫһغ
Ѫô
ʮ΢΢ͷһЦһɽٵʱͨᾫһѪɽ١
ѪΪʲôܹɽ٣׺
Ѫ÷Ѫ࣬ѾɾΪһķڶɽٵʱ򣬿÷Ѫֵһ׷
ʮĵؽ͵
ԣײɵûȻ
ɽ٣Ҫܺü׷Խ츳ѪڵʿҪܵ׷Խ࣬ҲԽǿֲ
ͨ£׷ԽԽ
ܹ÷Ѫֵһ׷ô۽ڶɽٵʱΣϵСöࡣ
壬ҪǺ棬ֱӽķѪ˲͵ˡƾʵ۽Ƕ֡
īһν
۽Ϣһϣжʱֽ
תһ룬Щޡ
Ҫ˵ʮīѪĻ켪ҷһ벽ʥƾʲôսʤԼ
ȵȡ
Ȼ켪ʶʲôʱ̧ͷ׹ع˹֣ʵγƺ
īʮƺΪ壬켪ԺкȻֳһĴ
ס
ף켪΢΢üƺδ˵֡
ʷϵһδ磬ͻǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӵŽ塣
ī벹һ䡣
䣬켪ɵõһ亹乡
ʲô
㡭Ǵ˵еŽ壿
켪Ŀ࣬촽ͣ
Žţ컯ɾпν˲֪˲û뵽ǰ˿٣ʼչһĨɢЦ꣬Ǵ˵еŽ壡
ѹīֻҪԸ⣬ȫԴ켪ж߷Ѫ
켪ûϳ̨ھŲ㣬ǫ́ϿɡһεĴڡ
ҿղûɱ֣Ļҡ켪һ¡
ǰ
켪һ׹񣬡ֻҪԸһԸ⽫ҽеʮȪȫáǰ̧ܹ֣һ·
īʮɵһЦҡҡͷ
׿һںʮȪ
켪ˡ
ˬһЦ켪˰֣ҲҪȪҲҪķѪ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ֮㶯ֻ֣˸ˡ
ˣҲҪ뿪ˡ
΢΢һЦһԾֱ˻ƽ
ʮīҲϻƽ
ôˣ
켪أԲԼĶ䣬ΣùŹֵһˡ
ףԸĵ¡㡯˳ɹʥ٣
׳켪˻֣ͺһ
𡭡
ʱڰѪɫ£һֺϵĻƽ
ȵȣ
켪Ƭ̣ڷӦ˹͵ذεض𣬵˻ƽǰ
ţ
üͷһɫŹֵض켪㻹ʲô£
ǰһҪ͸㣬ҵһ˿л⣬Ҫ
켪


1848 
Ҫ͸һԸоȣЦ켪ɵҡͷ޹»ûɽ
ж
켪һûн˼ʱˣ׿Լɱ֮Ķ飡Ȼֻһ񣬵Ŷڽǰһôġ
ɱ֮Ķ飿üͷһЩЦһе˼ðɣȻִҪ͸Ҳֻùˡ
켪Ҫʢȴһζƴǣֻ켪о׿Ϊ˱ʾأҲֻΪѵ
Ȼˣ״һ̰ͼС˵ˣȻ켪ȻҲ׼һݷĻ켪
ǰ뿴
õ׵ĴӦ켪һϲһһ֧ɫëʸ˳
һ֧һëʣͲ֪ʲôʣɢŵĽ⣬ͷһ˳ϸܵëϡƽʲôı
ǰ֧һؾõС⣬ǸȻʲôķҲ֮
켪΢΢һЦֽ̧ëʶף֧ܵʺԣҷʱֻʣһʸˣͷ䡣
ҾԼΪ˳ķһͷװڱʸϡ
켪һЦ֮ǰǰʩչһؼдɱǳ֧ʡԣд£ܹ˼Ȫӿд֣ԱǰӦЩá
һһεϯֱӽʡ֮С
ʣ
װеëʣûзʲô֮켪ĽܣȴΪϲ
Ȼ֧ëʣʲôƷʵķȴͷñ۽ķģһ
Ȼˣ켪ֻҪõ֧ʣܹ̾±˼Ȫӿǲŵģֻǵؽ켪ĻԿ䡣
лѣ֧ʣҷǳϲ
һֱӽʸǬ
ǰܹϲұˡ켪лϲ
µѡ
һͳһƿ켪ҵһ⣬ǿϣ㲻Ҫƴǡ
ţ
켪һ㶣ֽܵӹĴƿšƿһᣬʱ˱ǣȫһˬ
ǡȪ켪ɴԼ۾
׾Ȼһ֣ͳȪΪ
δҲ̫ƴ˰ɣ
Ҫ֪켪ƴƴô꣬еļҵ׻ҲֻʮȪˡ
ףȻһ֣͸һƼˮİȪǶô˵

켪ʱһĻţƴҡͷ˵ʲôҲҪ׵Ļ񣬡ǰ֮͸ʣΪ˸лĲɱ̰֮ͼĻ񡭡ԣ˵ʲôҪ
ţ
ĵϾҪɽˣЩȪԱʱ֮衣
νذ˰֣ŵͺһѪɫ͵һɳ壬ֱԶϯȥ
𣬻ƽת۾ʧʡ
켪еĴƿն棬ңʧеĻƽ켪þö޷ع
֮ǰԼΪѪϧһȪջףʱʱеһ޲һطȥ
˲ƴֵῴһȪ
һЦ
𣬺𡭡
ƽ׵Ĵߴ£î˾طɳۣǧɵѪɫȫ߾ȫظ·
вһµ·̣ҹͣȫ·ֻʮ¾ܹ
ѾЩȲˡ
壬ϾҪˡʮһЦһ۽ġ
ڴزһЦ
ȻüͷһšɫΪѿ
ʮīȫȫĿһס
ãСĳˡװһ뱦ڲ
ڲһ޷ɽеɽڲ
ڷһöƽ𵤺Сľͽ붨״̬֮У˭룬ոѾͷһѪԪߣɢشСĵϯ׵ɽڲҵñضʯ
Сģôˣ׵ɤСĵĶС
СıݽҧƴѹڱߵԪɬʱ̰ðҪһٳ쾳磬û뵽߻ħˣڵԪͺƾ̵Ĵһʱпܻᱬ
䣬пһ
ϡīǰ
׵һʱ˫С߻ħ֮ǡǿҵıв鿴һ


1849 ͷ
ԣʮīȫȻһһӣһεϯֱӽīʮԼıС
ɽһ׶ڣʮī׵ָ֮£һʱ˶ȫߵСġ
ã
ʮһСĵ״оͿһæСĵȫ߶ڵԪ̽СĽ֮УСѹƱߵԪ

СĶͷһϸܵĺ飬С԰ֽ
ڻʮİ֮£СڱߵԪʼ𽥵ȶ
īŵվһԣҴʮֵǡ
ԼĪ֮󣬻ʮͣص³һ
ϣСĵˣ
׿Сһ̱ڵأʮֽ
ѾѹסСڱߵԪʱ߻ħˡСĵһֻѾ磬ʱпɱΪһʥ֣Ĵǳգ
ʮɫϾ
СѾһֻ̤磿
˵Сĵ״ʱȶˣɵ³һ̫ˣСԸԳسΪһʥ
ǣΪʲô˵أ׸оЩɶͷԡ
磬ΪһʥС˵ɲʲô顣
ī뽣üͳпܻΪһѡ
ѣ
ɫһ䣬һʱȻ򣺡īǰ˵Сһ磬пܻô
Ȼ˵ÿһʿ磬١ͨ˵츳ѪԽǳڵʿԽпܻ⵽ϲԵĶʼɣӶɱʿ
С˹ĹɵǧС㣬ֻԪ磬ͽСǧڣ츳ѪһĴڡ
˵С֮ţֻҪ磬һ٣
ǡ
СģΪ̰ð߻ħȻʮʱҲǿסѡ
ٽ٣Сģûпܶɹ٣
˵ʱ˿̵Сģ˳ͻƣΪһʥֵĻ˵ʲô£һѡ
ϣʲôð취𣿡
ʶ̬أεʮϣʮܹһƣСĶɹ˽١
ܵеĽƣʮ޿κε̾ϢһĵܹģҲֻǿѹСڵԪܵĽŲ
Ҫʮ£Сվǻģ
ʮҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ȼ˵ʮѹСڱߵԪǣȴǿŤתСѾɱɹĻ׶Сĵγв
׵Ķʱϰ£ͷˮ乡
Ҳܹʮµʱ䣿
׼ֱš
ҪʮڣСıǲܵ顣
Ҫ˵ɹɽˡ
Ҫ֪ܹɹɹʥٵʿҲֻʮ֮ҵļʡ
ȫʢ״̬µСģҪ˳ɽ٣סοСģѾˡ
ˣʮµʱڣҪСĻָ״̬˳ɽ٣ǲܵ顣
ī밦̾ѵСҪ𣿡
ɽأҧҧԺͻȻһǳ󵨵ͷ
ʲô
ҪСĶɽ٣
ʮīȫһ㵵ضףԼĶ䡣
壬𣿡
īһס׵ļƴҡɽٿɲǶϷʿҲҰɽ٣οʥ٣
ҪСĶɽ٣пܻɽʧܣƽ
īһ࣬ɲԸ⿴ðνΣա
ɽ٣һǲ˳ġ
ΪһԮôٵͻ˲ɽٵѶҲʮ
һ˶ɽ٣ɹҡ
˰æôɹҲֻаٷ֮ҡ
ǳʿԽߣٵͻԽǿֲҪɽٳɹѶϵҲ
СҪɽ٣ǻʮҲҳһ벽ʥļһȻҪСĶɽ٣
ǲ֪
ңû˿԰СĶɽ١
һƶȻ˵ƾҵʵְСĶɽ٣ɹʷǳ͡ǣӵһִаǼ̳ķ壬Ͷ֮䣬ܹաֻҪڶɽٵʱ˺գУӦþܹˣ
ԣīʮɵӿЦ
壬̫ˣ
īЦҳϣаǼ̳жķ壬ȷܹ˺աǣ̶ֳȵķ壬һεĴڣ
ֻҪְСĶɽ٣ôһȥҲܹᴩǧǧ磬׼ȷ㣡
īϣÿһֶһشصû׵Ŀе˲̮


1850 ɽ
컯ɾУһֱǳам̳еһַ塣
ⲿַ壬ܹ컯ɾУͶ֮䣬˺ѿռ䣬֮С
׵һɱﵣҲǱľֶΡ
ǡ
ͼ˺٣Ȼǲʵ顣
Ͼаķ壬ֵһᡣ
׶գҲܹᴩǧ磬׼ȷס
ڶɽϣûнݾߡ
ǣѵǾֻؿСɥ𣿣
׼ȹϵϣת
ī밧̾һԲ
ʮʹͷϵƼһţƬ̺󣬺Ȼ̧ͷҲһ
ţ
ϣа취
īףȫתͷʮ
Ҫܹٽ֮ǰĺĵشɽܹסСĵ
ʮ
ɽüͷһЩ
ɽĺĵش׵Ϊֲ龳ʿҲóȻڲ
ʮĵܹɹɽôͲþʥˡ
õһ
ȫ׵۶ɵѾ׷ǳˣû뵽ȻɽĴڣ龳ĸ֣óȻУɴ˿ɼɽжôա
ϣΪʲô˵ֻҪɽͲþʥ٣
׷ǳ棬ɽʲô֮Ȼֵܹʥ١
ɽĻʯӵоŸÿһܹͷųסоŸػǲ𾳽ĸ֣ҿɽ
٣һ̾ͻᱻ׸ҪСĶ֣׾ܹСĳɹɽ١
ʮ
ɽоŸػÿһܹͷųף
СĶ֣ܹɹɽ٣
Ϣһϣ־ϲ
īҲһզ棬ףǷǳֲĴڣǲ𾳽ĸ֣һУ֮ݡû뵽ɽȻоػСܹɽôͲõʥˣ
ǡ
īһ٣˻ʮȻɽоػǲ𾳽ĸֶԿܹɽ
΢΢ͷͬ÷ǳʮ
ʮ΢΢һЦƾǵʵ˵ǵɽˣǿɽֻ·һʶɽϵֻҪܹõͬ⣬Ǿܹܿɽ
ɽϵ񣿡
ī벻ɵһۣΪ档
û뵽ɽϻ
ӻʮĿжϣƺƿɽˡһܹƿɽ߶׵ʲôĴڣ
׸
ƺܵīеɣʮЦһ͵ɽϵɵ£һ𾳽Ĵ֣
컯ɾܹһµָ
ʮ

īȫΪ֮һ
ɽϵ񣬾Ȼһ𾳽ĸ֣
Ҫ֪𾳽ĸ֣컯ɾ۷ˡݹ컯ɾ𾳽ʿҲָ
οƿɽɵ£һһˡ
ҪȻƾʵҪϳ̨ڳ̨ھʮŲ̨һʶӣ׾ٵ顣
û뵽ôʿˣұΪ컯ɾڳ̨ڲʶӵЩʿϸϸһ룬оԼЩˣ
һʱпǧ
˵𾳽ɵˣ˵ΪصĹĹУвٵĿţӵ㹻ʵڳ̨ڲһʶӡ
ƩĹɵƩʮƩܵȵȡ
ϣȻʶɽϵ̾ȫٸ·ȡϵɽҹζࡣ
׵
ԣʮЦһ˵ͷϧǣȻʶɵ£ȴûʲôְСĶɽ١
ţ
һһضŻʮ
˵
ʮпһĵɵ£ǹĹɵһһǵһɽ񡣡
ɵһţɽоͷǳͬʿУûĶֶ֡ܵĸо
ϧǣհܸǵӴǵͳΪһĽᡣ
ʮһп˵ǿܲšа۽ǹĹɵǧӶᣬǿ컯ɾ֮ɵµ֪ϢζǵһĶ־Ȼа۸ˣɵԽܡǺͨڵѾϵаۣаܹŵ컯ɾ


1851 
ԣīȫΪ֮һһ˼ضŻʮ
ɵ¾ȻҪа۽ŵ컯ɾУ
ɵĪǸ𣿺úõɽ粻ȻҪа۽ŵ컯ɾ
һʱпǧ
ǧǧ飬ζõɣɽȥɵ£Ϊɽ飬Ȼȫϧᣡ
ʣ˵еɽ컯ɾеؾȵȣԶԶһεĴڡ
ɵ뿪ɽ磬Ȼ˷ǳġ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ҪҵĹɵܣ
˵ǿܾò˼飬ʵˣ
ʮֿ죬¶һưʵϣǵѾΪɵµһħɵҪ֮꣬޷ػǵһΣôԶ޷ĨԼħһǳӰ졣
ī벻ɵ
ɵΪǱŵ컯ɾ츳Ѫһ𻯳ɣշʱǿػɽ硣˵ûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ϧɵʧˣûϵа֮ǰȻʩչ˲ɷͨһɵгһܹõɣҲδܹػɽ磡
ʮпǧ
ɵµݵλ츳ѪúõɽһܹõɣΪ˵еһˡ
ŵ컯ɾδܹػɽ磡
ϣɵɽʲôݣ׺
ɵڵСү츳׿ڣɽһˡ
ʮɵ°аȡϵа۲Ӧŵ컯ɾΪа۵µһȦסΪа۷ģɵ°͵ڵһؾĻʯؾǸʯɽɵ°˻ʯƿɽֱӴҵаۡ
ɵµΪڵĽǴ治ΪҪд̣ɵ¹ΪڵСү⣬Ҳӡ
ɵڳɹ͵֮󣬱ԼľģѾû·а۲ŴӦŵ컯ɾ
ʮ
ɵڸв֪īпǧ
ϣɵ컯ɾ֮ûǹĹɵ֣
ʮֺ档
ʮͷһЦɵ·Ѿǧ࣬ķ㼸ʱ䣬ҵǹĹɵڵءңǹĹɵڵظСһǹĹɵһһɵµķۡ
ǹĹɵʡΪùĹɰǰɵ½֡
ʮһᵽԼ϶ʱһĨν֣ǰǵӮˡɵ»ܣɽŰݡϧûа취ɵ³
ӮΣ
ǰһٿ˼һʵǵνأ
ʮ΢΢һЦνֵʱɵѾΪ𾳽磬Ƴƽ֡
Ƴƽ֣һզпɵִŰΪ˻ǰϧһдۡ
ڴƽ֮ɵǵʡˣԱչǱޣȫѾȥ˺üˡ
ʮ
ǰֻ龳۷徳磬δ𾳽磬ܹ𾳽ɵ±Ƴƽ֣Ѿǳѵˡ
ī
ν֣Ѿȥ˼ʱˣ׵ɴ˫ɵһʧ⼸УΪɵ²ǰˣ
׿ɵԴӽ𾳽󣬾ʵǣӲؽʸƳƽ֡
ɵѾ쾳硣ʣƺȻֹ龳۷徳硣
˳֮£ɵ»ʤĻὫӲǡ
ǲ˽ɵµƢ
ʮҡͷһЦɵǵ֮䣬ûʲôޣ෴ЩӢϧԴһν֮ǵʣͱչˣʼûɵڴڼ䣬ûսΪ֮ΣҪģػǵʡֻܹеħ
ԣī벻ɵ
ɵ£һ۲۵ĹˡҡͷһЦ
ϣȻɵʵ˱뺷ǰ޷սʤǴ˷ǰɽжİܹɵ³
īеǡ
ɵµΪҪնɱһˣѴ֮ʱûܰСĳɹɽ٣˵ȥˡ
ʮһЦҡҡͷûʲôգֻһһˡԸɵܹһ˿档
˵ţص̾Ϣһ


1852 
īһɫΡ

ɲʲôòԣƺҲûиõİ취ˡ
ϣΪβֱȥĹɣǰ룬ǰԳɵӦûһ㱡档
׵
ˡʮҡͷǰĹɣٻаµʱ䣬һһؾһ£ûôʱ䡣
˼ص˵ͷ
ѪɫȫǰȡСĶɽ֮ǰִɽ׵
𣬺𡭡
һ̣׵ĺ£Ѫɫȫ˻î˾ŻƽȥֻлһɫĹӰһһš
ڻʮָ֮£º󣬻ƽһƬӿȵϿգȥ̺죬ӿ
ಣ
ʮӰһΣī˾Դ׵ıϯ˻ƽϡ
ϡ
ű̺죬Щʵе㲻˵׵ɵ𣿡
ҷĹˣûпʲô׵硣
ɫӵؿʮԼߴ·
ǺǣƬ֮СʮҡͷһЦһͳһͭ壬һһö
ʮƬ̣ʱгָŻƽеһϯȥ
ϣΪҪҡһͭ壿׺
塣
ʮ΢΢һЦǹĹɵĴӪһؾ֮УؾڣƬ󺣵һСƯģûضꡣԣǹĹɵĵӣӹĹг֮ҪٶȻȥҪͨİ
׻Ȼص˵ͷ
壬ʲôЧ׶ǳ档Х󺣷ϯ׵ž졣
壬ҡһͭ壬һͭͻᷢ񡣵Ȼˣķȡͭľ롣
һ£ͭľԽԶô֮ͭĹԽͭԽ֮ͭĹԽǿͨǾͿҵһͭڵλá
ʮĵؽ͵ǹĹɵڣһ֮Уڲһ塣
׻Ȼ򣬡壬һȫԽŵĴӪһؾ֮УӶױ˸֡ŵĵӣǲ·
ٺ٣ҪҪͷҸһ塣
ʮظŵ
ʲô
ϣ壿һĲ˼顣
岻ֻһС⣬ֻҪ㹻ǧͭҾͿһ
ʮǸ󷨴ʦҪԿ̵ƣӡ
Ҫǧͭϡ
ȻˣǧͭʲôĲϣֻҪԸ⣬ܹչ
̫ˡǰһ£ΪСĵСĵôˣ
ʮīһۣҡҡͷѾȫѹڵԪˣѹʮʱ䣬ѹƲסˡ
໹ʮʱô׶ͷ৶䣬٣
𡭡
Ѫɫ߾ȫطС
ಣಡ
󣬻ƽһöУͣһƬϿա
ƽϣʮӶ£һ۾ͿϾеһСС
ǣʮָУϲ
ǹĹɵڣ
׵ͷȥɵÿЦá
û뵽˵еĹĹɣȻһϡƽ֮ССУ洦ɼ
ѹôʿûҵĹɵĴӪԭô¡
ϣɵôҵǹĹɵڵģī
˵ɵǲܷصڵġҪãã컯ɾҵôһ۵ڣһѡ
ԣʮɵһ죬Ƭ̺̾ϢһȽɳգ˱ȽһЩɵ͵͵ҵңƬ򣬽˹Ĺڵؾ
īԲɵ̿û뵽ɵˣɻʮġ
塭
ʮҡеͭ塣
СУظһף׵·һ壬ᷢ
ʮͭ壬ʹһɫ
ߣ
״һԦŻƽ¡
ಡ
ƽϯ£ڿҪڵʱһɵӫϯֱӽټһƽСһ̣ͬǧɵѪɫһƾʧ١


1853 ľս
һת֮˲ɵǰһ
ȥؿһƬ׳󺣣ֻƬѰĺͬƬ󺣣ȫһĵߡ׵硢ûɵġ
Щߣеָֻϸеֱ۴ϸһԵһããؼδܣϸΪһˮ׵ͷǳֲˣһը죬ͻأش·Ҫ˶ɵŵͷƤ顣
¡¡¡¡
ʱģһ춯صıըҡػΣ𵴡
Ǵ˵е𣿡
һĭȻ׼ʱ˿ȻЩ¡
ʮѹǹĹӵô׷Ǵвɼ׵գ
ī̾ѣתͷѯʻʮ
²û
ʮͷһЦ
׷ǲɼ㹻׵磬Ƴɵķ׭
壬ǰСĶɽٺȫвɼ׵磬ɳ
īԵ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷ΢ЦûȻ׷ȴɳ
׷ɳҪСһ㣬ǣսʱɳͷٶҪѸݣӳϡңͬʱͷųܶɳǵأΡ
Ψһȱ㣬޷׷һĿֻܹ꣬зΧ
ܵ˵ɳ׷Ʒʣڲ֮䡣
Ҫɼ׵ɳõİ취
ʮΧ׵磬һЩĵߡռǳ
𣬺𡭡
ѪɫڿһɲǣͲصͺţܵЩη塣
壬Ļƽա
ʮһһӣֱٻһԼĪɳս
սͨīɢŵӫ⣬սд̽֡ľս
ľս׶ȥɵǰһϣľսʲôƷʵս
ԣʮҡͷһЦľսֻһҰ벽ʥսǣǧСսľսǲɼʮǧľĶɵս׵ŷǳǿķá
׻Ȼص˵ͷһӣֱӽƽԼıС

ʮͺһǵһսĲŴ򿪣īˣŻʮս֮С
ಡ
ڻʮļʻ֮£ľսȫɿسشϯȥ
һ·֮ϣĵϯһľսͻ˿תʧ١
ľսһԵһзǰ
ľսһľս躦ĵˡ
վսڲԵط̾
Ѱľߵĵ֮£ȼգΪһgҽˡľսȴûһ˿һˣò˵ľսݺһ
ֻΧսûе
ʮɫϾһ޴׵Ͳֹˡ
ԣī벻ɵӿЦ
ľսҲȫܵġ
¡¡
ľսڻʮļʻ£һ·ֱײسشϯȥ
СΣڵϦݲð㵢顣
֮
һ֡ʮһť
ǡ
ʱľսһʵ֮Сĵ߳ײĻ𻨡
ϣΪʲôҪ֣
׾ȵƺܹεߡȥҪ˶ã־ͻᱻĥġ
ī˼ؿʮ
һ֣ܹĥ֮󣬾ͻԶ
֮Ҫ֣ҪĿģǷֹĹ
ʮ
׵˵ͷ
һ·֮ϣһ˲δܵĹˡȴĿ˲ٵЩˮ״ϸ磬ֱнµϵ޼
ľսܵ׵Ĺ롣
䡭
ʮʱͻȻһ죬һֱʮɵͻأش˾ľսʮɵĵط
һʱ䣬𵴣ҡػΡ
顭
ĵϯľսܲž죬ѷ졣
ա
ɫ԰ףΪ֮һЩǾ⵽׻ˣ
ʮɫϾʶɢȫעǰĺ棬޾ĵɨӣжпܲλãܵڵһʱܿЩΣ
ѹ뱩ǺᲢۣΪһ֮أΧش׵˿ֲĵشǶôա
ī뽣üš𣬰̾


1854 
¡¡
ľսڻʮļԦ֮£һ·ٷɳۣܵرܿһЩΣ
վûܶе׻
ľսʱԽԽ״ףͲƫеػľս
Һľսһ֣ǿֵڽ׵ĺ֮£Ӧ顣
ľսĴҲܵ˲Сˡ
ʻڣʮأȫעؼʻսīɫϾվһԡ
ϣľսҪ׻¾ͻ᳹ˡĽ֮ɫ
û£а취
ʮỵ̂͵һת䣬սлһĻߡ
¡¡¡¡
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ״ľսո뿪
īȫųһ亹

ʮһɫİť
ǣǡ
ʱ㰵ɫĻ֣ƾճ֣ľսΧȫ

ǰһû뵽ľսȻз֡
ϣжִܹɽīʵ
Ҫʱ䡣
ʮ
壬Сĵˣ
īתͷѯס
ҡͷ̾ϢСȫȣڵԪƺбߵĿܣʱп٣
СΣڵϦǱֶУīҧҧ
ƴˣ
ʮһɫİťȼľսȼϡ
ಡ
ʱľսһڵĻӰһš
תպ
ľս㰵֣Ⱥ󱻺顣ľսشð̡ϵһҶۣʱпܱû
εεΡ
ڲһľ
ˣսѾ˼ޣٿȥпܳˡʮΪɥĴһ·ֻ̣̾ˡ
У
īɫ࣬һͽһ״˳ж״̺һ˿׹壬ȻûܴĦͨ͸״׵磬׵ŷǳǿķá
⣬һл׻ǿ
壬һǸҵ
īӧڵһʱٻ˻ףɫĻ׸һٻɢӨӨ⣬һȵϢ
ã
׵˵ͷʵڲеĻһ˺գжһ٣һȫʱһ㰵ɫĹ֮Уת֮䣬˵ȫ¾ͳһϽۣ֮䣬׾ͻû޵״̬
׼
⣬ʮһľսʱûһڹ⣬ʮڡ
һ̣סī롢ʮˣնڳŵ׻дС
žž
ĵߣϵϯʮīΪ龳̶ֳ֣ȵĵߣǵĻ֡
׵Ļ֣Ҫࡣ׻û״̬Ͻ۵ػҲûʲô̫ˡ
ಡ
ڻʮ֮£ͬһɽķλϯȥ
һˮ״ϸ׵磬Ѹײڶ֮£

ֻһ죬ʶī룬ڵһʱеĶ״Ӳسһ

īƺһɫǺ졣
īǰΣ׹ʵ
û¡
īһĭһЦ˵һֱûܴĦ״̺׹壬ӶΪ׹ޡܹһʱ䣬϶׹Ħ˵гһգܹ˳شĦ׹ˣ
ԣײɵ÷һۡ
յ£īȻġ
ã
ǰУǿ㿪
ȻʮһīףͳԶӶȥ
īѭȥֻԶϣһ޴Уǵص̳ϣе£ؾУһ춯ص¡¡졣
޾ĵδиһʱ䣬һ׵ͻûΡ
ˣ׵򣡡
ʮ͵سסī룬ȵ壬죡˺գ
׺ɣд߶壬һʱ˺գһӣһεķֱӽīʮС
ಡ
˵Ӱ˲䱻ڲ
䡭
һ̣ɷԲ׵򣬺Ȼը޾׵˷ϯĩһΪ֮ҡΡ
ڲסī롢ʮ˵ȫķ֮С
ͨеһʶӣع۲쵽׵ɵĩվŵɫ԰ס
׵겻һը龳ʿп
ǸղҪһпܱ׵У˲ҷ𣡡
ʮһ£


1855 ׹
û뵽գ
զྪ
ҪܹھͶ֮˺ѿռ䣬С׵ıը˲ܹһ˸û
ʱ򣬱˵ǰСĳɹɽˣסʮīһܹ˳شһ漣ˣ
ϣУ𣿡
īһضŻʮ
ճ̶ȣԶԶīȻ˶׼ЩԳܡ
ᣬ֪аѵһ
ʮ
˵ùǺˮ졣
ҡͷЦǵʱ䱾Ѿǳˣû뵽Ȼְѵһѣ
Ҳ֪ⳡըҪã
̾һ
ʮīȫε
£׵ոձը洦ɼ׵ʱȥһСľͻ֮ǡ
ԼĪ֮е׵ϡ
壬еôˣʮһѯʡ
̫ΣѾ˲ôˡһҧ֮䣬˺ա
ಣಣಣ
һ̣סʮīˣʹ߳صϿա
ͷ󣬽м䣬Ϻ󣡡
īŶ״ףƳͺһս
ã
ã
ʮͷӦһʱγɶС
īͺһ˷ɿسɽķӶȥ
ʵյ֮أ׵ȫԶڱУûбҪ
ǣײûô
Ϊ׵Ĵڣڻʮī˵һ衣
ĽѣڣͲõĻɥ
׹죬޾ĵδ䣬ƽԵøΪһЩ˽Ų˿ͦ˲İȫ
ˡ
Ȼһͷȫ˸׵ͻһĺХԶ
ৡ
ʱʮסī˵ȫͷͻˡ
ͷͻÿֲϢ
ϣΪʲôлޣ
һʧĸо
ûв´Ӧ׹ޣ
ʮȥܿɫ䣬־ϲ
׹ޣ˵ר׵ޣ
˵׹޷ܹ֮۾ޣ޲£
īһ˵׹֣ʱ⾷Σһ
Ǿܿ
ҪǱˣ룡
ʧ
ͷ׹ޣܹ޵Ŀֲڡ֮󣬾ܹۣΪҪǣͷ׹УȫһƽصĸоȻĵߡ׹⡢׻𡭡׹˵ȫûа˺
ǡ
סī롢ʮһˣУȴʱ
һ׹޸ˣǳء
Ϣ
Ǿܵ뿪ߣ
ī밵
׵Ϣͷ৶䡣
ã
ʱʮ֪ͷ׹ޣӦɵ»һͷս衣ɵ±ŵ컯ɾʱ򣬳˴һͷ׹̣û뵽̶̵ļ䣬ͷ׹̣ѾɳΪһͷʥ켶Ŀֲˣ
ʲô
ͷ׹ޣɵ»ս裿
ī벻ɵ
ߣȥͷ׹ޣ
ͷ׹ޣԣ˵⡣˵·
ʮ
ϣжٰգ
īҧҧһضŻʮ
һ׹޷ˣǴ֣ôһ˵ĴͷǳΣˡ
ʮüͷšһʱ䴹ͷ
޷ڣٶУͷ׹ٳ׵
ã
õ׵֧֣īص³һһȵسԶ׹޷Ӷȥ
ಣಡ
֮䣬ī롢ʮˣͳ׹޵ǰ
ˡ
׹ʮ־ضһˣк죬ĵ׻ҲԽ궯
׹ޣ
ǹĹɵĻʮɵǰѡǴ˷ǰ޶⣡
ʮݲǰس׹޹˹֣˵⡣
ĹɵĻʮ
׹һʱ˵ͷƺڻʮеӡ
׹ޣʮ𼱵ҪɵǰܹǴ·ʮһ׹ʶԼʱһϲżɽ˵⡣
𡭡
ٿأûȻأ׹޾͵һˣԳסī롢ʮһ˵ͷϿɱ

أ
īʮȫʧɫīڵһʱŶ״׼ӭս


1856 Ʒ籩
ûϵ׹޾ȻһԲϾʹ֣һȫûʲô׼
䡭
Ȼһ̣סʮī˾㵵鷢ˡ
׹͵һˣԵʯٶȣ˵һ˵Ͽգͬʱһ㹻ɷԲ׻ž졣
ˡ
ֻ׹͵һſڣһͽɡһɽһСľ׻𣬸˸С
ǲɶõζ
׹̳׻֮ʮܵ˫һζģ
һĻסī롢ʮ˿Ŀɿڴ
׵Ϊ׹ҪǴֵģû뵽ȫ⡣
׹޷ǵûǴ֣ңԮһ
Ҫ׹׻ĸ֪ǳУԤСһ⧲֮£Ҫ׻ɣǺ룡
л׹Ԯ
ʮδһ֮󣬵ݲǰ׹޹˹֡
лǰȣ
Ҳǰһ׹޹
׹ط˸ۣǸղźҪҶۣ
׹еķ߿ʮסīˣʱһΣæسǸ
ûУûУǽʮӣҲҸа尡
ʮЦ
ߣǲҪżҵ𣿡׹޵Įһһתѯʵ
û
ʮͷ
ǾԼҰա
׹ЦһƾҲҵɽһЦ
ţ
ԣסʮīȫһ
Ȼ֮ǰ˱ܵؾٶ׹Ϊŭ񲢲Ը·ˡ
ֻûʮеǣ׹ƾʲô˵Ҳɽ
ǰɽôߣʮһԥԳѯʡ
ɽ֮УƾҪҵɽҲҪʮء׹ߡ
ԣ׵ɴ˫һĻ̼
ǰ
ݲǰһͳһƿǰ˲С˹һѡʮ𼱵Ҫɵǰ
ҵһСС⣬ǰ¡
׽еĴƿ׹ޡ
׹һԹԲӶʱΪ֮һͷһ죬ͽƿ˿Уһ̣ࣵһƿ˳ס
ޣΪʲôöԭֻʮȪЦ˴
׹ЦһֶҼ˵жȥˡ
ԣײɵǺһʱЦá
ڴƿзʮȪֻ׹޸·Ϊ׹޲ܾ˭룬׹޾ȻȫûнȪ
塭
ʮһεس˳׵½ǣ֮ǰ㽲ɵɽͬ׼£ŵ컯ɾġԣȴԴȪջ׹ޣǲܵ顣
ײɵûȻ
ȷ
ɵ֮⣬еɽ񣬶ں޷£аӶᣬŵ컯ɾġ
ɵ£Ҫа۽ŵ컯ɾġ
˵ɵɽУڵСүƾݵλЯıԴһǳ÷
ǡô죿
׶ʱеЩ޲ߡ
׹޵ķӦȻԸܻ¸ġֻһһʱҵܹ׹޶ĵı
ƺסʮ˵Σ׹ˬһЦʮǹĹɲռ׵֮˺ܶ׷ô
˵ǵʣֻвɼ֮šƷ籩
ҪܹһƷ籩Ҿ̸Ǵ·
׹˵Ʒ籩ʱһ̰
Ʒ籩
üͷһЩؿʮ
Ʒ籩ǹĹɵʡһеʱðΣնУɼ֮ɵ
һƷ籩׾ܹɱһ龳ĸ֣
ʮ͵
䣬īףȫһЩԼĶ䡣
еĿֲīȫᡣ˵׼ʱ˺ѿռ䣬֮Упܻ֮ǡ
ȻĹɵʣȻֻ֮ռ֮
пΪеĵط
ո˵
ǰһˣһզྪ
һƷ籩ܹɱһ龳֣
ī빾һ˿ĭоѡ
׹ޣǳǸ
Ʒ籩ҸûС
ʮһĿЦƷ籩ðΣɵҺεºܣܹΪУ


1857 ֵ
׹޵ɫʱ
׹ޣȻûƷ籩׷ҵв١
ʮһֱӴǬͳ˽ʮ׷ݸ׹ޡ
ʮ׷ѾǻʮеĴˡ
ڻʮּʿ˵׷пޣЯ׷ࡣ
෴СġεʿͷǳҪ׷Я׷ҪһЩ

׹Ƴһۻʮе׷һ
ʮɫһʱεתͷף壬лж׷
һֱͳһƴССӣһף׹ޣе׷ȻҲʣࡣǣһСɳϰٿšϣ׹ǰҪ
ʲô
Сװɳ
ԣ׹޶ʱǰһϲؽӹ׵Сӣʶ̽Уȷ󣬶ʱ˷ܵȫֱ¡
ɳɳ
ɳȻƷ׷޼ȴҪζö࣡
׹ЦСӣǴĶҵôɳģ
׿׹ԼɳЩ֮ϲٺһЦʵǰеɳƵġ

ɳ
׹Ƿ´½ԴսףɴһͭСӣ˼ضס
ױȫëνʼ򣬡Ƶģڲƭǰ
Сӣ
û뵽Ȼɳ
׹ϲЦտæ׵ţˣʲô֣
ף˫ľ֣׵ס׵
֣֡
׹޲ڣЦֵѣԵӽǾˣҾԸһ㣬ͶԳΪֳ㿴Σ
ܹύ׹ǰҵĸоܾĵ
ЦȻˣӽҾͳƺΪֳˡ
ֵܣ
׹Цʮֵü
ԶīʮĿɿڴ
׹ޱδҲ̫˰ɣ
ղŻһǧ֮ĸģһתۣȻ׽ύѣһֵ֮ƣǱȷ黹졣
˵׹ܹ׽ãһ¡
ֳҪϲƵɳպ󶨻ƣТ㡣
ظŵ
ģ
׹޵ɴһ˫һϲضס
һ˾׷һЦ
ã̫ˣ
׹ЦȻЩѣȻֵ˿ֳΪֳģȻҲֵܵܡ
ֻǲֵ֪ϲʲô
׹
ֳ
ۿʱ죬ǰһֳµܵ󡣻ֳܹæ·ǰȥɽ
ֵܣ˵ҲǰɽֻҼڱչڼ䣬óȻɽҪ߶ҼˣҿɳԲ˶ߡ
׹һΪѡ
ֳ˵ʮ𼱣ŵϱֳæױȭ֡
ƽȣҲ˲ѯСĵͬ⣬ԽԼŮˡ
׹ֵƣ׵Ůˣ׹޵ĵϱϱ֮ǣΪֳ׹ܹ޶
غϱ
׹ȻһһҧҧãֵܣæҰˣ
˵ţӿ³һټݣࣵһסʮī˸䡣
ҵı׹֣ǲõĻ׻
׹ĳ
л׹ޡ
лѡ
ʮī룬æسл
лңҪллҵֵܰա׹ҡҡͷ磬ɿһˣĺĵӶȥ
ããУ˺ѱλ˵ҵеɽˡ
׹޵֮£ʮھȵط֣ԼǰߵķɽڵķλŲСƫ
Һãûгײʳ׹ޡ
Ļǻʮ󷨴ʦҲҪأܹҵɽλá
ǸʱС֮ˡ
壬Сĵôˣ
ʮʵ
ǳΣգСȫȣϢңѪ³Ų˶ˡ
׽ʶ̽ԼıУƬ̺һĻ̼֮ɫ
ȥסСĵƣ
ʮһͷ𣬡Ѿҵɽɲܹһ񣡡
С
īס˻ʮȰ˵һɽɵ飬˵ͽҰգ
˵ţʹһɫ


1858 
׻⣬һӣһεϯīԼıС
ڲīһ;ԷСڵɽУ߾ȫذСˣ
ֳǳȣܷӿŲֿؿ
ã
׹޵˵ͷӿ˽Ų
һһҹһƬãã֮Уȥǰããɾ֮У˾ǣڲȫȻûһ˿һĵߡ׻
·Ѿ߳һ
ʲôط
׹ڲʮȫɴ˫۲ãã޼ʵ
ߣǰԶɽˡ
׹޵
ʲô
ǰԶɽˣΪʲôɽ
һľ
ǺǣҪԼۣҪȥܡ
׹һЦ
ȥܣ
΢΢һ˫ɢʶĸһС
ܿ죬ܱðš
ž
Ȼײһδܶ
ߣ
͵һզ࣬ȻУδ뿪
ͣ£
ԼĪһӺ׹ͣ˽Ųٿشӿһɫ硣
䡭
ֻһ¡¡죬һһ̣ãã޼ʵ̼ɢԶĵطһƵľ޷һ˵֮С
һīľ޷壬ɽϴݲȥȫǸᾶ͵ɽʯɽ۵λãһֺĹϹһңʮ̽֡

΢΢˫һЦɵǰӦþ֮аգ

׹޵˵ͷ
ǿӦþ˰ɣȻʮָԶһǧɸߵԿĹϷģһɫĵδϡ
ѭȥвɵһɾη֮顣
̺ž׵Ŀֲڣػɽ
˵ôɽ̾ͻ⵽ŸĹʱŵ״ǲ𾳽ĸֶԱȫ
ȥͨһϣҼܹǡ
׹˵ţʮϵ׹ָ˻ԼϡţһԾֱɽȥ
ಣಡ
䣬׹޾ʧīɽС
ɽͨīԶͺһյӰһһɭɲѹָС

ǸһԼս𣿡
Ȼһɣɤ쳹ء
ţһɭɲӰƹһգۼ䵽ʮ˵ǰ
׹޸Ӱ󣬻һֻ˳è䡣
ʮȫ΢΢һһɴ˫ǰˡ
һװʮīɫӼף׹أν˶ǷէһһеĴ
ֵһһͷͷԿһͼƺһ־
žž
˾ôƽվʮǰȫĵδܶž졣ͬʱһεѹѹ£˴ϢܣҪڵأͷݡ
»ʮݼɵǰ
ʮع
һԵضǰΡɽˣһʱδֱܻʮ˳׵½ǣ׷Ȼһæ̧ͷ񣬡ףݼɵǰ
ɵһĭһ˷ܵضŻʮʵ㣬ǲԼսˣ
ܵɵ˫еĽ֮ɫʮεҡҡͷʮֱǸǰǴ˷ǰԼսġ
ʲô
ǲʵУԼսģ
ԣɵ²ɵòȻŭʱһǧɡһ˦ۣҪɽ
ǰ
ʮһɵҪߣʱļ٣æȰ裬Ҵ˷ǰȻܵУǣȴԽ֪ǰ
Ŷ
ɵԽŲһ٣µתͷбһۻʮЦΪʲôҪô
Ϊʵ϶֣ɵζʣǻʮܹɵ£ɵµıսвСİ
Ϊ𾳽ĸ֣ɵҲϽˣһھʹĹؼ㡣
ʮһ˼·ԳǰôΪģֻǰܹһæȾСģ
Сģ
ɵ½üһĨĨԼĹͷЦС˭ƾʲôҪ
ǰСҹĹɵǧС㣬Ů
ʮ
Ŷ
СʵŮ
ɵһ˵СʵŮʱǰһһ̣һζЦ⣬һЦǺǣʵŮʲôϵȥͳˣͨǧô£


1859 ֮
ǰϵҲֻܹСģҪǼȣСľֻԴˣ
ʮɤ˻ƣöͷ
׺٣Ǻ飬ȴóȻ廰
Բ𾳽ĸ֣һ벽ʥóȻ죬Եʧ
ͺ׼һƷ֥٣ھĻʵǰ̧ͷʵһۡ
Ŷ
ɵ΢΢һǣ΢ЦΪʲô˵ϵֻܹСģ
ʮתͷʹһɫ׻⣬ɤӣ͵ǰСʱ򣬲߻ħǡͻ磬ΪһʥٺܿҪ٣С״̬ްֵܵ١
Ψнɽػл
һؿɵ¡
ɵûȻ΢΢ͷһʱ䣬ϵЦ׽͸
ʲôϵ
ȻɵЦҡԴСΪʵŮڵϦΪβ飬飿
ȻʸûнСĵİΣϣȻҲûԮĵ
ɵһȻı飬ȻȻתɽȥ
ǰ֪Сʱ򣬲߻ħġǸϻعĹ飬ʱϸ
֮£ֻùɽǰԮ֡
ʮæؽ͵
˭룬ɵµĽŲ˿ͣƺûʮĽַͣ·ǲԸʮǵɽۡ
⡭
ʮһۣɵл̼
ֳ
֮£׻æ׹æԼ䣡
ҾΪ׹
ˡ
׹ҪύףۿɵûԮ˼СسȻСʵŮǺβСĵһնʸճʵһν֣İٶǰһƽ֡İٶʱ䣬˴Ӳ𾳽ڣ𾳽쾳磬١ţһܹսʤʣȴһ׮Ը
ԣɵ²ɵýŲһ٣΢΢ͷЦ׹ޣ˼СҪЮʣ
׹һսսؿɵ£һʱЩ֪롣
ҪôˣǺǸ޳ܵһˣ
ɵЦһԳɽȥһʮ׸еĺĻҳֻԹҲŴӦĻͲҪ˷ѿˣ
ʮԣɵÿЦá
飿
ʱüʮ϶ôģʱȣСʱп٣Ķʱȥʹ
ۿɵʩչسɴطߵɽ䣬׶ʱˣشһǰҾӢţΪ˹սʤǰϧ䵽컯ɾǣ亱СûϵȻȣǽʧ͸
ɵ½Ųһ٣һεŭϯɽ
ұսŰܣȴԽԽ¡ƾɰ۲ӵľ񣬳һܹսʤǰڷ֣СԶҲǰĶ֣

壬ˡʮɴ˻ǵ˫ʮ𾪡
µѾ˲ôˡΨ̼ɵ£ı⡣
ಡ
ɵ׵ĳʱȻŭ͵شɽ˶£Ʋӥһס
ǰϢŭ
ǧҪһ֪Сһʶ
ʮʧɫæ׵ǰɵʹɱ֣׸նɱˡ
ɵǲΪҪɱһ벽ʥһֻһ򵥡
ˡ
׹һ̼׵źɸֵζ
׵һϯسɵ£ɵµƢԲ׻졣
ʮƾҲ뵲סң
ɵЦһҪֹʮ
ɱңҲıԼĹ۵㣬һСˣǰԶˡ׺ش̣ȴ߶ŷ壬׼˺ա
㡭
ɵ¶һ٣ҧҧͻȻŭЦҡԴһСӣеȻҵɵµ泰ң
ȫûбҪһСһʶֱӽɱҲδɡڣƫƫҪһ˽࣬ʱܹʲôǷǺڰˣ
ɵ˫棬ףƺܹһ۽׸

ۿɵͣɵ³һ΢΢ָоͺƸ߿߸˿ʱɥΣС


1860 Դʯ
ȣҲʲôӢۺܣʲôӢϧҲûнʵһĵˡ֮а۽ŵ컯ɾǱΣ
ɵһڣըףԴ졣
ʲôǰǱΣҪа۽ŵ컯ɾģ
һ
ʮ֮ǰ׵Ϣȫһ
ڻʮ£ΪɵǽʸһĵˣңѾΪ˻ʮһħΨսʤʣɵ²ܹħٳ߸ͷһ
˭룬ɵ¾Ȼ˵ǱΣҪа۽ŵ컯ɾġ
״ʧɫ
ϣô£һתͷʮ
ʮҡͷͬһı顣
ʮı飬ɵºЦһҾ֪ǸαӣǲὫʵǵġ
һ٣ʮ£ɵ·ߺ޵֮ԲϵսΪڵһνֵʱӶҵġԴʯԴʯڵıԴÿһڲԪʱ򣬶ںһöԴʯΪԼıԴʯһʧ˱Դʯʽһǧɡ
ҵıԴʯһöԴʯڲ̺һ˿֮Ƿǳ챦
ɵ˫ѪΪ߿ؽ
ʲôǰıԴʯ
Ϊ֮һ
û뵽ɵ֮䣬ôһβΪ֪ء
ɵ£㲻ҪѪˣ
ʮûðɣƺɵҲþƣֱǵûӶʲôƨԴʯ

ļһ
ɵЦҸ巢ģ˵ĻһֲԣԶ޷õɣ
ɵڡ
ԣʮȫϢһϡ
ɵ¼ȻѪģȻ˵Ļǲмˡ
ʮͷĬˡ
ǰΪҪԴʯҡҡͷЩ벻ͨ
Ǹһɽʱ򣬾гһܹɱڡҪûɱ˽ľˮʯ֮⣬ҪһöԴʯΪۣ
ʣӶҵıԴʯΪгһܹɱڣʵϣҲóˣ
Դʯļӳɣʻûɱ󣬱ѰɱҪö࣡
ɵҧгݡ
ǰΪβӶ˵ıԴʯƫƫҪıԴʯ
׺˵ȻıԴʯˣβһöԴʯ
ɵ±һĨĨͷݺݵΪҵıԴʯǲɶõԴʯԴʯеļƷ̺һ˿֮ʵõöԴʯɱ֮УԶѰԴʯҪö࣡
ײɵéٿ
ԭɵıԴʯһöǳԴʯѹֻ⵽ʵ졣
ԭǰɱУںһöԴʯ˵Ϊʲôǰ龳۷徳磬ȴ಻𾳽ĸֲС
װ
ҵԴʯߺұֻһöƷԴʯҲģҪ¶ҵԴʯ
Դʯڴһ˿֮ϣЧʼ죬δõָտɴ
ɵ·ߺ޵֮Ҫа۽ŵ컯ɾҪʣҪжԴʯ
ϧǣûϵа֮ǰȻɷͨҲûлػɽ硭
ⶼǸִҵֻ
ɵ¶ͷĭɡ
ʮһۣǿɬЦ⡣
û뵽ɵ֮䣬ôһβΪ֪ĶԹ֮䣬ûʲôӢϧУ෴˻һͷ
£Ψһܹػɽϣǵϳ̨ۣ֮
ɵ֪ƾڵΪҪϳ̨ۣ֮ǾԲܵ飡
ǣǡܹҵԴʯ
ɵ͵߬ȭͷ˫֮бߣž졣
ˣӣҪɵǰ־Сģǲ̫ʵˡ
пһ
ʮҲͷ̾
Хɽлصص죬ưٹޡ
ԴʯǳҶ֦ԲŽǲ֪Ҳ
ɵ²мƳһף֪ҲʲôС֮˰ɣ˵ҵУҸûбҪŮǣԸһսĻҸûбҪԮ
ʮȫĬ
׹ޣͿͣɵµͺһ
׹޵ɱһεؿʮ
ȵȣ
ȻʮȻ̧ͷĵرߵ֮ʵǿԴʯ޿ɺǡһ˸ΪǿʵһжԴʯģ
ʮ˵û
ɵЦһȻ̧ͷҳһҪʣԹԵؽԴʯ׳ԭ
˵ţмƲƲ죬һŵɱ߰գһԼҾԲɱǹĹɵκһӡ󣬷Ļûˡ
ʮϢһϣһҧأȴ˸һ˭ԸŲŲ
СΣڵϦҪǻʮȫˣСľֻ·һˡ
ҲɱǣѾǷ⿪ˣǱʶô
ۿʮԭزߣɵڵɱʼڡ
ɵ£սΣÿһսܣûȡͳһ㣬ҲӦþСġ
ʮ߷߲ѡ
ʲô
ವһɵһΣΪһȰڹ⣬˻ʮǰѸװؿסʮĲӣһСһ˵ܹ֮죬ʵ飿
һЦ
ɵֱһεѹ£ʮѲãҸ㣬֮͵ѳڣҪԼ
ҳϣڶεľУܸʡÿһΣʶ߾ȫҪɱݳ
ÿһΣҶ˳ɽƾžŸػŴ
ɵЦѣ˦Ƴ˻ʮϣž죬ԣ㲻Ҫſڿӣ˵ʲôʶвɱ֮ƨ
˵ţֱһ˦ֱӽʮصˤ˵ϡ
ϡ׷ǰʮһĹ֮ɫ
û£
ʮһѪҡͷϵɥ֮ɫȴΡ
߰ա
ʱ׹޽˶ɽӰ˹˵ʱͺ޹һ
ǰ
ҧţֻҪСģǰ֪֮һᵱлģ˵ͻһƽһлԴʯˣ


1861 çĽ
ҸҪʸһᣡ
Ϊʮʱ䣬ʾͻҵǰҾһ£
ɵӣ
ţ
ʮʱ䣿
׶ʱЩɶͷԣǰΪβɱĹɣֱʾأ
ɵ¼ȻѾҵ˹ĹɵĲ֮ûɲȥʶԴʯ
Ϊң
ʮЦûаսʤһ뿪Ƭû˱ֶΡҪٱܣһˣ
ʮⴧ
һ㶣漴˵ͷ
ȷ
ɵεսʣһƽ֮⣬ȫ渺ɵ˵ÿһսܣƾžŸŵԱ
ҪɱĹɣʻܣǾֻкʬˡ
˭˵Ҳң
ɵ¶ͷ𣬶ʱҪǰѵʮȻŲһ٣ԳһЦҵȷǲҡǹĹɣСçĽѹóȻɱĹɣֻᱻçĽçĽˣ
ɵǸϽͻ˻ʮĳ
ʮǳɵ²ɱʡɵȴʵĴڣǿçĽɱ
һ˵ɵ֮ԲɱĹɣΪçĽʡ
çĽһ
ʮ΢΢ͷһһʮؽ͵çĽһǹĹɵǧ콾ڽʱ򣬱а۸²ġǣçĽа۸ˡ
çĽ˵ʲô컯ɾȴû˵ӲĽأ
ʮһᵽçĽʱһİȻ֮ɫ
˵еɽ磬ĳ
һп
ɽǹĹɵçĽɽдڵĶЩ׿˲õıɽ粻ֻϡƽСˣ
Ƕô˵Ĳ࣡
ȻˣǰΪλҪεؽս
׺
ʮ΢΢üҲЩɻؿɵ¡
Ѿ˵ˣʴжԴʯɱ֮СҵǣûнԴʯеѪ֮Ĩ
ʵϣҵľΪһֱ֮ϣƾΪҪĨҵѪ֮񣬷ǳѡ
ΨһܹģǳµĥԴʯеѪɷ֮
ÿһʱ䣬ʾ޷ѹסԴʯеѪɷ֮ҪҵıѪԴʯܹʱѹסڲѪɷ֮
ĻԴʯͻƿأɱҲ˱ϣ
ɵһЦ
ԣʮײɵ
ҪĨһڷеѪ֮һ취նɱһ취ֱĨѪ֮񡣡
ҪĨԭеѪ֮ľΪҪ߳ԭеһβУĻв
׷ɵѾǲ쾳Ϊǰ˵ͣ龳۷徳磬˵ľ˺ܴһءǰҪĨɵµѪ֮񣬵ȷ̫ף
һν֣İٶǰȻƽ֣ҵıѪȴʲɼ˲١ˣİٶҵıѪԴʯѹסԴʯڲѪɷ֮
ʮ꣬ҵѪɷ֮ᱬһΣʱҾһ
ҪôɱҪôϲɼ㹻ıѪĻԴʯƿأ
ɵһţͬʱЩصǡ
ȻʳµĥԴʯеѪ֮ѾгЧˡʱһԴʯеѪɷ֮пܻᱻĥ
ʱʾܹƿԴʯ
ǰΪԴʯܹϳ̨»ص˼ĺɽ𣿡
ҿǵ͹˳̨Ѷȣ
ĮһЦ
СӣĪɵ͵߬ȭͷ׹˸
׺η壬粽ǰͦͦظǰΪĸ֣һ벽ʥʲô£
Ǿһģ
һƣ
ģ
ɵüͷһһЦã˵˵Ҫʲôģ
ҪܹһУ䡣۾ǵɽСĶɽ١
Ҫ޷һУˣǾֻֽܹȡ
׽
ʮƺ뵽ʲôɵǰһһڴؿɵ¡
ʲôҪһУ
ɵ²ɵ̿Цһ벽ʥһĴڣȻҪһУ
һЦ
ɵҡͷԣ׵ͺƿһֻϷŵĺӡ
ǰ㵽׸ҲҶģһ治ɫ
ãúãҴӦ㣬ģ
ɵЦݣһĨɱ˫бŽ
ֵܣǲ֪ļһ
һԵ׹޼ھ٣һ˵ɵ´Ӧ׵ĶԼǰӧˣɱţѵ֪ôСӺˣ
㣿
ɵתͷƳһ׹ޣһ͵˵ͷã֣ɲ飬ҪʩչıԴһɱ
׹޿ܹ޵Ŀֲڣͬʿмûж֡һͷʥ׹ޣҪɱһ벽ʥⲻ
ǣ
׹һϲƤţȴǰԴĦһܹȫİ취һԼܹȫսɵ¿ֲ˼׵պһɳֵܡ
׹޳ս
һɵ¹˵ͣǲս衮׹ޡʱЦһ׹޳ǲĸĹ򡣡
һ٣ɵ׹޲УĵֻҪ׹ܹսʤңӮ˶ϡǡҽӮˣҪӦ


1862 óԸ
ֻҪ׹ܹսʤ㣬ӮСӣδҲ̫ˣȻԼܹ׹ޣ
ɵЦѣòмס
׹ɵ»ս裬׹޵ʵɵˡ˵һ벽ʥͬʥ֣׹޶ֵġ
ֵܣȻң
׹ЩƣȻˣҾͲˣรգ
Ϊɵµս裬׹޿ܹ޵ĴڣδܹΪۼޡ
һа벽ʥСˣʱŭ
Ǻǣ֣ҿɲҪ顣һƣΪŵ
ˡ
ֻһŭ׹ȫߣ޾֮ƴ
ȣ
׽̤ӡ͵׹ޣʱ䡣
ͣͣ
׹޻ǰצץףצ絶̺޾׻һʵ̾ҪˣƤⷭת
ϵһǧһ֮ʣٻħƽצ
顭
ֻһ죬׹޵ǰצ׵צһһƵı
ءȻ׹޲Һһ۵ðšǰצץһǵѪۣѪ
Ǻǣ˼
׻˫ϵħƽצһЦţ͵һˣϣ׹ޡ
׹ޱ״ˣзŭҲԸ֣ſѪڣҪ߶Դ֮ɱס
͡
Ȼʱһ׹ޣ͵һӣһʮɳĿռѷ죬ƾճ֡
ռѷһ֣һɿֲ˲׹ޣק
Ҫۡ
ǿռѷ죿Ȼܹ˺ѿռѷ죿
׹ƴҪ
׹ޡ
Զɵ˫ֱأյعۿźϷ˭룬һ͸׹һӲӲһռϷ磬ţ˺һռѷ죬ֱӽ׹޸С
ɵ´ʧɫΪ֮һ
ס֣
ۿ׹˲䱻ռѷûɵ²ɵʧǰȥҪԮ׹ޡ
ǣΪʱ
ಡ
һΣ׹ˢˢض˿ռѷ죬գۼ䣬˺ѵĿռ޸
Х̳ɽ£ʲôûзһ
⡭⾿ʲôǸСӣΪʲôܹھͶ֮䣬˺գ
ɵǺأԴڴϢͣ
ΪĴڣɵ½߾ȫҲ˺ѿռ䡣ףȻˣ
Ǻǣ׵Ž壬ڻԵɺ֮£а۵һַ壬ܹھͶ֮䣬˺ѿռ䡣
ʮ΢΢һЦ͵
Ǵ˵еŽ壿Ǹа۷˶
ɵʧɫ˵СӿǴʷδʥ磬͵˵ھŲ̨ףǹŽĵһˣ
ѹִӵĴģԭԼаǼ̳һַ塣
ɵһʱп
͡
ʱͨڰеһʶӣٶ˺ѿռ䣬׹޴
գۼ䣬ռ޸
ֵ֡ܡ
û뵽Ǵ˵еŽ壬ʧʧ
׹̱ڵأһ£ˣһΪҪããأ
֣ô㲻أ
ˬһЦ̧ͷɵ£ǰӮˣԼҪǾСģ
ԶĻʮ΢΢˫һڴؿɵ¡
ɵ˫棬ضףƬ̺ȻЦСӣò˵ǳƻȻСס
ûгնɱ׹޵ķϣҾͼˡȻˣ˵ĻȻǡ
һ٣ʮУɵһƣǾͿԴСɽ
ģ
̫ˣ
ʮһۣȫϲЦտ
ನۣ˳˵ɵ£ǳѡ
壬콫СĸٻʮЦס
׵ͷһӣӰƾճǰȻǻСԼػһԵī롣
ݼɵǰī׵ıڲͷֳһʶ۲һݲǰظɵҾ
ɵƳһī룬ɵζһЦʥȪһˣǺǣе˼
˵ţһӣһټ׹ֶ£ֱӽһ˸С
ҵ׹ػǾͲܵ׵Ĺˣɵĵ
лǰԮ
Ϊ
ʮ׷


1863 ɫ
ۡ
Ȼ̱ڵصСſһѪߣ͡
Сģ
Сģ
ʮ׵ˣȫǰһѽСĸͳɽķɱȥ
ָ磬ҲСķƤ˿˵
СģҲģģ
ᶨ˻еСġ
ܿ죬סʮīˣʹСɽɽۣԶĵطһֺĹȻɵճӵ
׹ޡ
ʱɵҲɽۣתͷԵ׹ޡ
ˡ׹޴Ӧһ
ȻصϢˡһСĶɽ٣۳ɰ㶼ɽɵһ
׹޵ͷӦ
ಣ
һ̣ɵһΣƾʧ֮С
СĻ
ʮ׽СķڵϣϥԼСĵ˫ִСĵļϣڵһůעСĵڡ
ھͳСڵԪһͻƣʥ磡
ʱٽή٣ϣܹһ٣
ʮžžžžСĵļĴ£Сƺһ޾Ԫϯӿ糱ɽ΢΢ҡΡ
ֻһȣСĵӿ糱Ԫ˲ɱ䣬ӿһʥеܣϯء
ɹˣ
С˳ʥˣ
ī벻ɵӶЦ
СѹõԪϯν춯ء

Сƺһ̱ڽڱߵԪȫϯ˾˲١
ʮͳһö̱ԪĴ󲹵Сķ£Сĵɫʱÿ˲١
¡¡¡¡
ʱһ˿̧ͷȥԿһյĽƣӿ˲ֲ񷡣
ˣ
СҪʥˣ
īɫ䣬æˡ
Сģģһܹ˳ɽٴ˽ٵġʮСĵļݲ뿪
Сһ崿СŹĽƣӿֳһĨãȻ
һʱ䣬ɽϿյĽƣڵסеĹߣһһ㸲һ𣬿ؿһˮ״ϸɫ׵磬ڽδܡǿһۣ֪ǳСҪٵ٣ǳֲ
¡¡¡¡
һը쳹ϣסʮīȫһ
˫ֺʮΪС
ֵܣģּʥ٣ǲͻɽģ׹Це׵ԣ
Ըˡ׵ͷ
䡭
˵ʱʱ죬Ȼ֮䣬һˮ״ϸɫףƫеسСĺҶ
ã
Сģס
ˣСĸûз
סī롢ʮȫʧɫ
ʱ˿̵Сģϯضȫûһķ֣ҪǱɫ׸ˣ롣
顭
˵ʱʱ죬ɫµһɲǣػɽΧľŸУٿһ׻ϯ졣
ֻһӴıɫף˲䱻ŵ׻һ
סʮīˣɵ³һɤ۵ء
Ǵ˵еľ𣿡
תͷһ׹ޡ
׹ЦҡͷǾףֻɢ׻𹥻ˡһ٣׿ڣͼ˵ܿ죬Ǿܹľˣ
䣬ŸɽΧȫ
ǧɵڲϵɢһȦһȦ𵴣ضɽҡ
䣡䣡䣡
䣡䣡䣡
䣡䣡䣡
ٿأŸУһīŵЯ޾ܣͬʱ۵˸߿еһ㣬ţһɫûΣϵĹơ
˻
סʮīˣȫɴ˫
ֵһǣӾŸڲϯľŵīÿһ̺ſֲɱܹ׺һǳ
ȻŵīΪһ壬ûһɫʱȴһƽȻĸо
·ɫ֮һ֡
䡭
ԼĪǧ֮һʱ䣬ɫľףͻ֮ϵĹơʱյĽƣһɢɳһ˲Ѹ١
һʱ䣬Ĺƣȫʧ١
Х̳ɽۣһ֮࣬һؼ
ɹˣ˽ƣСĵþˣ
СѾʥˣ
Сܹɹ˽٣ʵף
һп
¡¡
ɢһɲǣСڱ߶Ԫʱʮƽ˳Сĵٻ£½ӿСĵڡ


1864 츳
Сģ
Сģ
ʮڵһʱСģһЦգƺ
ϣָ硭
СЦȻЩ
Сģϲ㣬ɹ磬Ϊһʥ֣һѽСĴӵϱ
׿ʵţСĲɵϲӶȭһ׵ţһЦָ磬ǲͣҶɽ١Ҫǣˣ
ɵϣⶼӦġֹһСĵıӡ
ʮվһԣٺֱЦ¶һӲӵĻư
СЩɬСԴ׵ؿڡ
֮󣬲Զ׹ЩȥˣǰɿһλɽǾ֮أܹϵɽѾʵסСĳɹɽ٣ǲҲӦø뿪ˣ
ԣʮ׷׵ͷ
СҲ׵Ļ״̬Լ߻ǲġ
īǰôˣ
׿һأվԭأ΢΢ͷī룬ɵóѯʡ
ī·û׵ĺأԱǸƣ񷣬Ʊʩչ˶
īǰ
һīʲô⣬ǰȥһīļϣһ
ī͵һ飬˹
īϣʲôʮǰ
ŶҸղſףڤڤио֮ǰĦ׹壬һ˿˵ϵһʱôҼЦˡ
īεӡ
ʮ׶ʱȻԭīǹĦ׵ʱһЩ
㶮׹壿
Ȼ׹޵ɴͭС򣬺ؿī롣
Ŷô¡
īһֱӴӻͳһ״ҵõһ˱״ãȴ޷ͷų
׹޿еĶ״ɵǰһ״Ǹö
״̺һ˿׹壬ΨдĦ͸һ˿׹壬ܹɹػû׹ޣǸʱ򣬶״ܹ
ī΢΢̾ϢһϧǣǱ޴Ħ˶꣬Ȼûʲôջ񡣡
˵⡣
׹һЦص
⣿īǰһض׹ޣ׹޵ĿƺǸмҡ
һ⣬Բ
׹޵
䣬ī벻ɵ÷һۡ
ⲻǷϻ
ҪīߣʲôһѧͻᣬҲÿպôʱˡ
ڶ⣬ΪʣԪص׺ͶȲ仰˵ڣûԪص
׹޵
ԣסʮˣȫͷ
κһʿʱ򣬶ҪСҲиߵ֮Բ졣
īǱĴĦ׹ô꣬Ȼһ˵īԪص׺
ʲô취𣿡īͷƤЩƵʵ
ңҶˡ
׹޵һЦ׹ޣ˼壬׹ûɵޡһͶ׹塣
Ȼֻʥ쾳磬ţõ׹壬һĶ״
׹ްȻ
סʮīһˣȫǰһ
׹޾ȻһͶ׹壿׹޵츳򣬾׹ˡ
׸пһ
īҵһʦҪ׹Ը⴫׹壬룬Ҫ˶ãܹ򡣵ʱ򣬾ܹû׹ˡ
ʮЦ档
׹ޣһݣ
īһһݣĩˣ̧ͷһڴؿ׹ޣܹ׹崫ڸ𣿡
īȵ׹һʱЩЦáӦҲǣܾҲǡ
׹޽츳崫ڸˣ
ֱڿЦ
Ҳ˵׹ûôʱ׹壬˵׹׹޵ҪԣͲ˽⴫
׹ް֮ƾʲôҪڸһƼˮİˣ
īһ׹˳Ĭʱöͷðץ
վһԵҲżȻǰһЦֵ֣ƣҲ㣬ҲǹĹɵˣ˷ȥ֮Ҳ֪òܹ
ʲôҪ뿪
׹һԭΪǹĹɵĵӣܷ㣬û뵽Ȼһ
ӣҪɳǲˡ
֣ġȻʱ޷㡣īǰȴɳ
΢΢һЦ


1865 
Ҳɳ׹΢΢һһؿī롣
Ȼˣ֮Իɳīǰڸҵء˵īǰҵʦ𡣡
΢΢һЦ
īʱ°ͣЦеؿ׹ޡ
ãá
׹ؿһī룬ü֮䣬أЩչ
ȻīԸ׹ɳ׹Ҳ̫⽫׹⴫ī롣
Ͼ׹˵ɳֻһζȰˡ׹壬ȴǰ츳塣
أһĿȻ
֮ǰ׹֮׽ύ໥ֵ֮ơΪ׹Ҫ£ףܹɳ
ʱ׹޾ܹζˡȻˣ׹޾Բף϶зĻΪл
ǡ
Ҫ뿪׹ҪɳֻܰīˣīϽɲô£
īһڣҪ׹޴츳壬Ҫ׹޵ӡԣ׹ԥˡ
Хһʱ䣬ձγĬ
ī˰ΣȻڵɣҿԽɳڸ㣬츳ԣܹܿѧᡣһԺͿԼɳˡ
ΪֻҪ״̺һ˿׹ˡľͲҪˡ
īһϿҵ˵
ԣ׹޲ɵǰһȻЩˡ
īԸ⽫ɳŷڸһݵ顣Ѱʿ׹޶ɳĳհ׹˵ɳζļȡܹѧŷ׹޾ʱؿζˡ
ңīĿжϣƺ׹޵츳岢ȤҪѧϰֻǶ״еһ˿׹塣
׹Ȼ׹޵츳壬ҲǸ׹޾ΪĲİŻŲġ
׹Ȼֻʥ쾳磬ƾ츳Уī봧Ħ״̺һ˿壬׾ٵ顣
ʮСˣȫһεؿ׹ޡ
ڣȵĿ£׹΢΢ͷһЦãҴӦ㡣ֻҪܹڸҡɳɼҷҾͰ㴧Ħ״̺һ˿׹壡
䣬ī벻ɵǰһϲЦտ
̫ˣīǰƿ˶״е׹壬ܹó׹ˡʱīǰľΪ϶ܹһ̨ף
ϲ
ʮСҲӶЦ
īϣԺƺ㣬㿴в׹Цī롣ǿΪī龳ĸ֣׹ֻʥ磬ī룬׹޶ٻЩнġ
СīһЦذ˰֣ʵīҲδɡ
Ҳҡ
׹ҡˮ״СԴѾֵƣֵܵʦҲ˱֡
īʮɵĸкЦ
īϣڡ
ʮī빰˹֡
ڡī˫ֱȭ
īǰҴӹĹг㣬ͬǰϹĹ
õģҾļ
īЦݲá
𡭡
׹޺Ȼ³һݣɿͣգۼͽסʮС˸С
ñ׻ûɵ׹֣Ա˳ǰĹɡ׹ĵ
л׹ޣ
ٻᣡ
ʮסСĻָ
ಣಡ
ʱӰͻûӫ⣬˲ϯգ֮ʧɽ
ããУסʮС˳˷ˣǵصĵߡ׻𣬲ɵƽһɳ顣
ӡ뿪ôˣڻˡСһ
Сģȵˣһ㡣
ʮһ
áСĵͷ΢תЦеؿס
׻⣬һӣһεʱϯֱӽСĸԼıнбչ
Ҫǰ˵еĹĹ𣿡
ңʣһʱпǧԺ뵽˴ʡ뵽˹ĹɵġçĽ뵽īˡһʱ˼ңڿɢƮ
׹׹ֵػʮ󣬻ʮһˣһаڴ
˵ڵڲǴ˵йĹɵĴӪˡ
Сģǵˡ

ಣ
һ̣СĵӰƾճ׵ԣǰһǣСĴһۺɫȹԵÿɰʧׯأϻ׸鱦貶Ŀ
׻˵˿װȻ٣Сһ·ʹеĹԱ˹ĹɵǧС㡣ȫ³һɸ߲ʵʡ
СģƯԿ޵
С׵ʹ૵һҪþ㡣


1866 
΢΢һЦ
ŮһЩ
˭뽫Լõһ棬Ϊ׽ˡ
ˣա
ʮһӣֱӽʮӸٻ˳
ʮĹɵĵӣһͷֻص˹ĹɵڴһЩЩʧ䡣
ܹؼˣΪϤžۡ
ʧǣѵõһγǽˣԺҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬲ܹٶ
Ҵʮһʮӣһ
ʱʮӷ׷׿ʼװһǴ˼Ѫһӡ
С͵͵ԼϢʶúСģСһЦֹһϲ
Цŵ˵ͷ
С˳磬Ϊʥ֣һϲɺص顣
壬
ȻʮֵݸһһĽͨɫɢŵӫ⡣
ΪʲôҪ
׺ؽӹаһö͸¶һ˿Ľ
çĽһǽçĽķ䷶Χö֣ͲܽĹ
ʮЦ
׻ȻͷԭöǻԱçĽˡ
ߣ
ʮһȵزڡ
סСʮλӽŲС
ĿһƬãã׹˰׶֮Уһת֮һؾ֮С
Ũ
θһȶ׾ͱŨˡ
ȥؾ֮ƣïʢʢĽ޻ݣһĽû֮Уֻ֡ɺϿգżöĺվ֮УܹظеһŨ˱ǶȻ׹ɾ֮Уһɶõ涴졣
ǺǣǹĹɵĵشҲضáСĽ
ѹǲмԭǹĹɱסһ涴֮УûбҪԴҡͷԣĲ˼顣
ΪĹһɭɭĹĹ֮أû뵽Ȼһɾľ
ָ磬㲻ΪǹĹɵĵӣĹѨеĹ»Ұգ
Сƺǿ׵˼ûشȤһ
ڨڨͷֻһЦ
ݼϡ
ݼǧС㡣
ʱػڴʿ׷ǰ
񡣡
ʮ΢΢һЦ𣿡
ϣһֱڲؾжż
á
ʮ˵ͷСһˣǵسؾȥ
ܹظܵŻʱбľ֮ɫ
Ȼ׵ݷǳú档
Ҫ֪ôĹܹҲֻм
ݼϡ
ʦá
һ·ϣʱбĵǰʺÿһӿ׵ʱȫһľ棬ְڻʮڳóȻǰʡ
СģŽ嵽䣬ȥؾһһǡʮȻͣ½ŲСһ
áСЦŵͷ׵֣첽ȥ
ʮһΣƾʧ١
ʮͬĵӣҲɢȥ
ָ磬ߡҴúùǹĹɡǹĹֻǧˣؾȴʲôǧٹֵıС
СĽЦ
׷ۻܣһ۾ͱԶһ콣Ŀ⡣һоʮŲߵĽֳһֺصɫĸоһʵܣâ¶
ö˵һǴ˵еçĽˡ
ȥçĽ׵
á
С׵ĸۣǵش׳çĽȥ
һ·֮ϣвٵĵӶСָָ㣬Ⱥشһ˽
ܿ죬СľçĽ£һɺطѹѹ֡
ˡ
Ȼеһöһ˿˿Ϣӿ׵ڣ׶ʱоࡣ
Ǵ˵еçĽ𣿡촽Ǿη֮ɫ˵𾳽ɵǰóȻɱĹɣµľçĽ
룬ϵشçĽѽһûС׵ԣæԵʮġ
ʱçĽ£ѾΧ˺üʿһŽĿ⾼۷׷ס
˵ʦܹɹժȡʮ𣿡
ʦǳС֮⣬츳ߵŮӣ˳벽ʥ磬϶ܹСĵļ¼õʮƣ
Ҫʦ˵ʮƣǿɾͽСĸȥˣ
ʦСʦСͻ಻ƵϣҲҶᣬ˭Ҳ䡣ԴСʦ˳Сǧ֮󣬾һֱѹʦһͷʦ޶֪ܷ꣬֡


1867 
Ŷ
Сʶ񣬺ܿ˵ʱü΢΢һؿçĽҪҵô
Сģʲôƣ׺ʵ
çĽһܹΪʮŲ㣬ÿһ㶼һؿԽϣؿѶȾͻԽ󡣡
Сĵ
üͷһͷ
ӣçĽ̨֮ͬֻçĽֻܹоʮŲ㣬̨ȴžŰپʮŲ㡣
ңƺçĽѶȣ̨Ҫһء
çĽܹʮŲ㣬ÿһ㽣һơҪƣҪٶȴһĹؿܹá
Сһһʮؽţ㿴çĽÿһķϣһƣʮµϣѾˡ
̧ͷȥȻִ¥ʮµϣһЩÿһƵˡ
ȻǰһĿ⾶˵ʮơϣȻСĵ֡
СģʮƣƺġЦ
СİȻͦظЦҿһţçĽȻһϯ֮ء㿴ûУʮϵ¥㣬ֻδ磬ȴɹơһңһʮϡ
׿ʮƣʱ΢΢ͷ
˭ƺ֮ľͦҵġʿϣʱҲЩ档
һǧ۱֣Ӧýһ㡣츳Ѫ޼һֱнϾ໥ʱȡ
Ƶʱ֮䲻ֲ١ǣԴ˳Сǧ֮Ҿȵѹһͷ
С΢΢ͦظһĽ
Сģǲÿһֻܹӵһ飿״çĽϵƣֲûظ֡
С΢㣬ÿһˣֻܹȡһơңҪø¥ƣҪһһ϶ȡƲСƩ˵ҪȡҵʮƣҪӵһ㿪ʼһһϣϵضȡƣֱõ˵ʮ¥ƣܹʮơ
˼ص˵ͷҪø߲ƣҪµŬС
çĽĳϣǹĹɵӵʵСһЦ
Զˡ
Сҡͷһĸ֣ƩһЩӸλĳϡ£ƣΪӸλӵзٺ»ںʹ͵ĽһЩ龳ĸ֣ƩϣҲƵᡣǸںʲôԼλ
׵˵ͷ
çĽֻǹĹ缰µʿһλӸλ뾳ڵĸ֣ǲƵġ
˵ƣн׺
ȻнˡȡƣɲֻһʵܹǵġÿһƵӵߣᰴʱõŷŵԴѰʿ˵ƵĽǷǳġ
С΢΢һЦ
׻Ȼ
ĹΪµƵ飬Ҳǻ˲ٵֶεġ
С֮䣬Χ£µʿС׵ӰһͶĿ⡣
ʦ㣡
һɴȹŮһ·СܶǵСĵ֣Цʦڻˣʦˣ
ãҲڵѾԪ쾳ˣϲϲ
СЦеŰʮֽСɰСĵǰͺһСá
ʦָ㽣УҲн죡ЦǺǵԵʮǫ飬ȻǰһСԵףʦ㣬λ˭
شףƽｾһֻСģȻ׵ĸۣðоЩ˼顣
СԽЦһҪܣ׾ƽشҽף˫ľ֣׵ס
ָ硣СЦ
ָ硭
ɵ
ãá涮¡ˬһЦ
ʦ㣬˵㲻ڵЩʦ˳벽ʥ磬Ҫȡأ
ָçĽһ˵
СʮƽʼЦҪܹȡƣ͸ˡ

û뵽СĻô˵һ˼ؿСġ
ƽС֮䣬ˮݣâĹϵʲôʱСıôˣ

ʱçĽĵʮ㽣УһӴ죬˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˹ȥ


1868 δɷ
ȵĿУʮ㽣ϵƣ͵رһ⣬ţԭӡϵġСġ֣ˤĲһ˿
һ̣һոµ֣ӡڵʮ֮ϡ
֣СķǳϤȻõġϡ
Сĵ֣ǽһ㣬ӡ˵ʮ㽣ϡ
ʦɹȡ˵ʮƣϲϲ
Ϊʦ㣡ӣСʦҪŬʦжˣ
СʦԴںСǧ֮һֱѹʦһͷʦüһѣ
ϧСʦҪˣǲʦɵؽƸߵģ
£Ⱥʿһʧ˽۷׷ס
УвٵĵӣȫӵתͷСġ
ζĿ⣬Сһ̹Ȼȫһ˿һܻ
СģǸƺƸ˰ЦеؿСġ
СʼˬһЦ߾Ͷ¡һ٣΢΢Сؿ˵ָ磬һ˵һηǳľ֪ǰԼһ۲۵ľ֮ܡ
ԭҵĿ⣬ֻçĽϣʦһ꿡ƣΨһȤҪѹͬʦֵܣһٶ
ڣһ֮Ҳ֪ôͷ׶ʣôز¶֣˽⡣
ڣٻصĹɣٿƣЩȻˡ
СЦ
ӹһ˿죬ؿһСġ
ò˵һˣСĳɳ˲١̬ϣСģѾǰǸ쳵ܹˡ
ܿ죬һɽХĻУһٻӰԴçĽĳڴһķŮ߲ʻŨīزʣǺɫģһ쵶ʵЫˡ
С̧ͷȥ
𣿡΢΢һЦűһڵӰΧһӵȺеϡ
ߣС˵־
ܹ֮ʦƣǳ룬ʦʱ䲻ϳʮƣŽҳɹģ
ʦˣҪƶ
߷߲ѣҫģΪߡ
ʱӵȺеϣƺ˵֮£ҲȺΧСģһƣЦеسСĵķ
Χ£ΧȺǳԾóһͨٵĵӣȫ˫Ź⣬һ׼ֵļơ
Сʦãû뵽ѾˡϿСĵ񣬳һ߸ϵ̬ܲ˼Ҹոȡóɼ˵ʮơҪ֪ЩʱٶƣҲøӡ
СǳǳһЦ̲û£ҸںƣʦҪҪߺˡ
䣬ڳһڹڲɵ˽һСĵ񣬾ǿһֻܵĹȻȻ䡣
ʲôвںƣ߾ߣ
ûٴϵжԼһ̨°ˡ
ǺǺǣСʦ˲ٵ棬ѾںһˡһȻһתһЦģΪʦ㣬ǲ̫ѿġģѾ벽ʥ磬Ҫ˶ãܹΪһʥ
ʱҿ϶᲻çĽȡߵƣܸΪĽ
ʦãԺҪʱȱʲôԴҪҿڽõķϣһʹ͸һЩиʣġ
һļƣҪЯСģȴڷСġ
ৡ
ʱڳӵȫˢˢؿСģȴСĵķ
ѾŵسСˣҪСԾѡǾͲǱԸ߰Сˣ
ȻڴУСĵĮһЦϲʦɹ벽ʥ磬ҲԤףնɹʥ٣Ϊһʥ
Сûһ˿һֵܻñ
һŹֵؿСģΪСҪ˵׵ʱС赭дزһ仰ǸʱǾܹվͬһϽоˣ

䣬ȫһƬȻһ𾪵Сġ
СĪѾ磬Ϊһʥˣ
ܰɣСԪ۷徳ѾܾˣһΣȻͳɹΪһʥˣ
СĲſڿӰɣΪ棬ⴵԼѾɾʥ磿
ҪСʦĽΪһʥʦɾǴδɷˣ
һŹֵؿСġ


1869 ȫ񹫵
ϵɫһ˲伸仯һ˼ضСģͿĨڴʵ촽ţص³һŽɵʵСģѾ磬Ϊʥˣ
âУСƽǳǳһЦĪǾڴꣿ˵ţϢһһʥֶеϯ𵴣̩ɽѹһѹ˵ͷ
ʱڳһڵӣȫоѹ֣١
СʦѾΪʥˣ
СʦһջǳѾһΪʥˣӣʦǴδɷˣ
ǿϧʦոնȡ˵ʮƣܿҪСʦȥˣ
ڳļӣһ֮࣬׷תͷϣÿһ˵ĿⶼΪζȫǿֲ´
㣬㡭
ϷĽ鲻Խضҧ޲һطȥ
˳УǿӣƤЦⲻЦСʦǺĻԵˣȻһΪʥ֣ʦԵף㣡
ģҪ˶ãҲ磬Ϊʥ֣ʱǾֿԼˡ
ǿջЦ鲻Խس鴤ͣ
õģŬСĲ̲ػӦһ䡣
ȻǾϵĻǳûӪȫǳ滰
Ҫ֪ϲŸող벽ʥ磬Ҫڶʱһɱ䣬Ϊ磬Ϊһʥǲܵ顣
ͨ˵ҪԪ磬ΪһʥҪķѷǳʱ䡣ңҪС
С֮ţͣԪ۷徳ǳõʱ䣬ƾһöƽ𵤳ɹ
ȻһֻŲ磬ϵ츳С޼Ҫͻƣʵϣã
ʦѾʥˣСǧٳ߸ͷһʱ򣬱˵ʮ㽣ˣʮƣҲڻ¡һȫʦȥˣǴģ
ںϵĸܣһſڣЩѪһʱҲһǣʱý
ǺǣѾʥˣСǧЩˡ׼úñչһʱ䣬ڵСǧ󣬽ǧ󣬵ʱҵʵᷢʵɱ䣡
СǳǳһЦ
ڳļӣ׷Ϊ֮ȻһشǰӵСĵΧѯСһЩϵ飬ҲЩӣŬС̸ţСĴ硣
һʱ䣬ȫ˸ԺһӰûСеĵӣȫؽСĸӵ룬һӵСġ
ߣʲô˲Һܹܿ㣡
ɫףԭѾǳڵ˫Խð޹⡣ߺߵض˶ţض뿪
ȺУʣСĶԴرԸͬʦֵܷ磬ڶͬʦֵ÷ǳһϥΧСĵΧһʦεĹѧ
վСĵԣʼЦеģ
ʦ㣬λǣ
Ȼһӳѯʣֱضס
СĶԴ׵̬˾ܹо֮ĹϵͬѰң׻ΪļĹɵˣڶĹɵĵӣ
ָ磬ףŴҲˣʦϵǳҪáСǸĴȣһ˰ԣ¿ˣҶָ̬ȹЩǵʦ㲻졣

䣬ȫһһĽʺ޸̬ס
Ĺһֻ죬ͬʦֵܰſ׷󣬿ϧڶ׷ߣն½ʧܸգ˳ڵŮ񣬾Ȼһ˵Уڶ˵ֱһ
ߣСӾʲôƾʲôܹСɽŮƱϲϹˣ
ӺεºܾȻܹҵŮģɷҲ
ӴɢϢƺֻһ벽ʥĸ֣ΪҲжڣҲǹĹɣ
ǹĹ׵İգ
ܣǹĹɴ˵òļһˣ
еӣ׺޵޲ǰȥѵһס
˶׵ݴ⣬Ҳ⣬ƺ׾һӯĲɻСֻһʱסǣŻᱻ׸ˡ
ܵͶĸֺƵĿ⣬ײɵÿЦã޿κεʼ򣬲ûг


1870 Ҷ
˵С΢죬߳һ˵ĸоһɬһۡ
ȻСƽþһֻ졣ʵϣСĵĸ龭ͬһŰֽŮ̬鲻Խ¾¶˳ڶӿóʹ
ÿÿ
ԼĪһӺԶĽֵϣȻһȺ˴ǵçĽ£ͷһˣȻǸߴ˧꣬ͦΣģʣһͦӥǣʮעĿ
쿴Ҷʦˣ
Ҷʦʦ֣ǹĹɵţ۽ʦҪʤһ۲ҶʦȴҪһܵ˵˵츳ʵڲ֮䣡ֵһǣλʦ֣СʮĽҲ֪ĶϲСģҪռСģԴԷҫ
СĶҶʦ˵çĽϵһҶᣬ˭Ը۹ϵ̶ܳȣʦСĵĹϵΪһЩϾʦָóʱԸСһЩָҶʦҪӽСĵĻͲˣҲСںСǧʱҶʦֲл׽Сĵġ
۷׷ףҶڶɵǰһ
Увٵĵӣתͷòףһֻģ
ܿ죬Ҷʹ˲ȺСĵǰһϲʦãڻˣЩҶǳ˼ĺ룬˶һȦˣ
Ҷʮֶ˵ڶʦֵܵĶУȴԵ÷ǳġ
ڳһʦֵܣȻҶ飬Ѿֲˡ
վСԵף΢΢üûж˵ʲô
лҶʦֹʦúõúܣʦַġ
Сע⵽׵ɫЩÿʱһһҶһŸ

ʦã˵Ѿ˳磬Ϊһʥˣ
ҶεڨڨһЦܿ죬ͻָƤôܱҶҪ硣
С΢㣬û˵ʲô
̫ˣϲϲ
Ҷһϲʦã磬Ϊʥ׼ڵСǧһΣɴǧĶ԰ɣ
СĲ̲һ
Ǻǣʦи󷨣ڴǧĴĦν¯ࡣҿԸ㲻ٵָ
ҶĦȭƣ˫Ź⣬һĨεɢ˵ĸоһͷĲǣ޲ǰȥСĸ̻ˡ
ŶҶʦַˡ
СǳǳһЦѾϹͨˣҽСǧǧ󡣡
ԣҶɵϢһϣɫǳһϡ
ʮҪССǧƷʣ
۲ҶȷǸ֮ţʮҪʮǧ
ʵϣ󷨵ϣݹ컯ɾҲûмǻʮĶ֡
ǻʮԸְСģôССǧ󣬽аΣտԡ
Ը㣬ٺòˡ
ҶڨڨһЦ̧ͷһçĽһЦʦã˵ʦơţܹܿġʣվҪʦǿһ
ҶźۼؿСģϧϵɵʯ
СòԵЦţûʲôӦ
ʦãѾʥˣĿ꣬ѾֻʮơӦýĿ꣬ʮϡ
ҶһİȻЦ⣬ʮϵƣҿǾʮ㣬ʲôʱҪƿˣǵ̡Ҷ֪޲޲
õģлҶʦ֡С΢΢Ƿ
Ҷ쾳ʥȡ˵ʮơ˵δȷǾḻ
СģʮϵĽѴ𣿡ײ廰ʵ
СΪȻص˵ͷÿһʮ㣬Ѷȣһʵɱ䡣ʮŲĽʮĽѶ˼ʮȻѾΪʥ֣ûнڵСǧǧ֮ǰһûʲôĳʮϵĽ
˼ص˵ͷ
ʦã˭ҶЩ壬һضס
ҽס΢΢һЦҶشüˣûҫԼС֮ϵ֤Լ
СģҶ׵һ֪ν׷߽׵ĸۡ
һĻֳüʿΪ֮ȻֵСģȻһ˵ĸۣ
ҶҲɳۿ
һǳ׵ĻݾǣܹɱˣôѱҶǧˡ


1871 ը
Ҷŭһͷʨ
оԼȫµƤⶼڳ鴤飬оԼ絶
СģһֱҶܵˡçĽ֮⣬СľҶ˵ս
˵Ҷеκһˣܹɹ׷СģԷһ
öԷ
ҹҶԼгһգƾԼǳи׷ܹлСǿűģСĳΪŮˡӶһصĴ
ûϵСľȻ֮İ˶ģ
ֱһ
侲һҪ侲
ҶͷŬشڴϢţԼСĿ϶ڹңôܿòСӣ
ҶвϵֹţܵذοԼ
һˣҶһٿ׵񣬶ʱһĨζᣬСӣǽ׶԰ɣ֪ʲôĹӸ磿Ȼܹ뵽ǹĹɵĴӪƺǷ
ܵҶеĲɣͶĺĿ⣬أʼ򣬵ȻһЦҲʲôĹӸ磬ҵԴһţڡڵ
΢΢һţɵ˽
׾Ȼһ֮ΪѹСʦῴ
ߣһ벽ʥԴһţŶҲһ֥Сɣֵһᣡ
ӼȲǺĹӸ磬ΪֲڣСʦƾʲôῴ
ڳļʿ۷׷ףһɵؿס
ʲôһʲôŵ
ҶȻЦһЦͷ׶ʣһ벽ʥȻҲܹԴšʥǿԳˣ
Ҷس׵ȻһЦûзϡ
Сĵ֣׵ĸϣʤףԣòܻҶһʧһʶ
Ҷʦ֣˽ڿһԲĴţµơ
СĻæڽ͵
Ϊ֮һ
һ벽ʥԴţȻмأңͽ
ҲڵηͽֶʲôľΪֺ֤׾ƽӹ֮
Цһ벽ʥܹжͣʦãҿǲ£ӻӵļһƭˡ
ҶЦһһſڣͽ׸͵һĲֵ
üͷһŭ⡣
Ҷʦָ֣ص㡣ĹҪٸҳײָ磬ͷҸҪ㣡
С
ҶϢһϣɫʱһһס
û뵽С˻ףȻϧѹҶ
ԽҶԽǼʵ÷ԽԿԼ
СģҶʵΣ
ȻһЦתͷСġ
ţ
Сû뵽׻ôʣЩǣ׵£ʵʵ࣬ڲ֮䡣
׶ʱʧһЦһźбҶһۣҡͷԵźΪһ֣û뵽ܶ򲻹Ц
㡭
ҶĹҵģһ߿ضףʲôҲô˵Īǻòͷˣ
ϵһҶһֱӽ˳
һʥķͨѪ죬ɢǵɱ⡣
ڳļʿһҶνʱŵɢԶԶعš
־Ͳ˰ɣּĶ֣ҵĶ־ƽҶ
ҶֱҪ׸õѪˣ
ģҶ츳ڣӵǧ콾ĹĹɣҲǳ͵ĴڣʥУܹҶһϸµģҲֻܶѡ
һ벽ʥȻһмطԼ
ҶоԼķζҪըˡ
СӣĪϹ򣬱ȹ֪¡־һϸ£ҶһѪɫķﭵһָס
ûطһۡȴǰ
׳էһˡ˷ǧҪĿľǻĹɵʣֹͬϹĹ顣׸һĹɣҶ֣ȻЩ̫ò
һʹҪϹĹͲˡ
ɹغǷܹҵǣһٽ磬ΪһʥĹؼ
һ֮׳ҶҡҡͷΪˣէ㶯䡣СӣӦҲǣΪǵһҸôţȴܹӹһٵ˶


1872 ҶƳ
ٷϻҽҪǲͷιҾ͸գҶЦһ׷ˣеɶԵ÷ǳÿն
ʱһҪס

һ֣һֱԼǰ˺ѳһһĿռѷ졣
ͻıʣҶ״æʽǿͣ½Ų
Ȼ޴ĹԣټϿռѷӲҶռѷϯȥ
ȫΪ֮Ȼÿһڳʿȫ㵵ǰľһĿɿڴԼ۾
׾Ȼܹ˺ѿռ䣿
ֱǺţ
˵һ

ǧһ֮ʣҶɫ԰ֽ
飡
ͬһʱ䣬ݲǰһѿסҶĲӣһֻСһҶУƾռѷɣأ̩ɽ
ڣգ֮䣬˺ѵĿռѷ죬˲޸һжƽ
㣬㡭Ϊʲôܹ˺գ
ҶɫһһףһȻЦףǿһͷ
׵ĮһЦ㲻֪黹أ
˵ţ͵һ˦ֱӽҶ˦ɳϰףֶһһһҶصصڵء
ҶƺһȻûдӸղŵһ˲عµصڵأһʱû

ȫ궯
ţ׺ֻһ벽ʥȻܹһ֮ڻҶʦ֣
ѹţȫҶʦʥԭܹھͶ˺գ
컯ɾĿռȶԷǳֲǲ𾳽ĸ֣˺ѿռ䣬治֪һʲô̥
ڳһʿһøӶס
վԲԶİǵɴһˮӣӣС죬һδģ
Ҷʦ֣ΪҪȡأ
ŵڵأҶС̾Ϣһ
Ҷʦ֣
Ҷʦ֣û°ɣ
ʱٵĵӷɱǰְ˽ŵؽҶ
Ҷ٣һ޵ضףҧǱ졣
̫ˣ
һʥȻһ벽ʥСһлˣ
Ҫ˶ãͻΪĹɵЦΪڶӲ෹̸ʡ
СҶû˶
ʦãϲҵһɾ
Ҷһһٵ˵ÿһ֣ƺܹҧ
С׵ʹĬ
壡
ʱһͳɤ쳹ȫ˷׷ѭȥֻǧ׿ĵطһۣɫ̿ų˴Ƕ
ˣƳȣһ̩ɽĸо
ǿ쿴ҶʦֵĸҶˣ
ҶϿһ龳ĸ֣Ը𱬣˷ǰҪӳģ
׳է͸ǹĹţҶϿ϶Źģ
۷׷ף׵ȫһ˿֮ɫ
ס
ҶһԼĸˣʱǰһ˵ٿ׵񣬶ʱһ˿ζЦ⡣
ݼҶϣ
ݼҶϣ
䣬ҶƳɣͿȺ֮Сڳÿһʿȫһ
ҶƳҶĸףǵһɽеǧ콾֮һͬʱ龳֣ڹĹӸλһʵȨϡ
񣡡
ҶƳɺˬЦӡ
ף
ҶǵҶƳɵǰһί븸Ϊ
Ŷ
ҶƳһ죬ɫŹֵؿҶҶкίܸ߸ףҸ
ڹĹɣҶֻ۸˵ķݣûб˸۸ʱ򣬽ҶȻһίԼĸҶƳɸ״ҶƳɸоΪŹ֡
ף׳էĿˣԲѷһʱ֮£Ҫѵһû뵽
Ҷ˵ǺҲ֪ʩչʲôȻܹ˺գЩҪ˺
ҶƳɫһò
¿ˣû뵽ҶϾȻˣСһĻ̼
СģҶʲôͷ
Եʮֵ
ҶϣҶƳɣҶĸסͬʱǹĹɵִϣλȨأԸ꣬ƽΪ谮ԼĶӡҶ
һΣЩҪҶҪҶϹĴͷǳˣ
С
΢΢ü
Уðȥһϣ˵飡Сֹһ֣Լԡ
ȻûСĽȥѰһʮϷ绯һĻˡ
ʣ
ȻҶŽ嶯֣ǻòͷˣ
ҶƳôӵۣһɸֵģҶسŽǹĹɵĹϿͣȻͼֽѵһĪҪ췴ɣ
ףҡҶϢһϣһίԼĸףûϵҶƳɷǵѵףȻѵԼ


1873 ӷĿ
סڡ
ҶƳϿŽǸҪŽ岻ԭ㣬͵űҹؽհգ
˾㵵ĿУҶƳɴӵ۵ضҶһֲΥĸо
ʲôСӣǡŽ壿
ҶΪ֮һ㵵صɴ˫
ȫÿһʿҲȻһ
ԭףǴ˵еŽ壡ѹܹھͶ֮䣬˺գ˵ڻԵɺ֮£õа۴һַ壡Ǹ˶
ŽǴʷĴԪ͵˳̨ھŲ㣬׳٣νǰ޹ˣ
ѹףһƲҶʦֵļƣԭŽ壡˵׵ȷʸ˼ӡ׵ĳɾҶʦֵƳɼֱһЦ
һСʦ۹ܲȻῴһòļһڲ֪Сʦܹ׽ãȫСʦĸ
۷׷ףٿ׵񣬶ʱһ˿η塣
ԭһЩСķΪŮеӣʮֵķУϧøֶܹõСĵķģȫ˹ʺˡ
Ȼڣ˵֪׾Ǵ˵Ԫͻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ʱһʱı̬ȡ
ԭӿС׵Ĵ䣬ȫŮҰޣð̲ܵõСĵķġڣ˵ϣ˵УȴǱһԽͯŮĽ
Ծһ˱Լ㲻˶ٵʱܻʣҪȡ֮
ǣ˱Լ̫࣬ȫԽԼˮƽߵʱ򣬾Ͳʣȡ֮Ľݣ
һƾеĶ֣ÿ̨սȭţвЩߺޡ
ǿһٳ֪Ӵ˳ĺģԼȴ²ʳǼֱҪʵ÷񣬺޲˵Ĵʻ֡
ǣһɣӵ֮ɽƱٻòҲһ˿һļ뷢෴ἵʣݣ壡
ףδԼʵݹʱ˵оһС䣬ȻòӦеء
ǣÿһ˶֪׵ʵ֮󣬾̸ı̬ȡ
ʵݣλӰ죡
Ҷ㻹Ÿʲô
ҶƳۿҶٳٲʱŭĿԲͷسŽǸ㻹Ͻȥ
ףҸСǸ
ҶһĽӲоԼڵѪ
ΪҶƳˣúõؽѵһ
û뵽ףǵͷѵһ٣Ǹ
ˣ
ৡ
һʱ䣬ڳһͬʦֵܣȫҶһζֻصЦţ׼Ҷζ
ףҼǸҪĽҹؽգϤ㣡
ȴ̹ǵĿ⣬Ҷ߷ߵҧҧ΢΢תͷؿһۣţҧŹǣһִֵضԼĸס
һ¿ˮ̵ģ
Ҷţƽ谮ĸףǲĽؽյġ
޿֡
˵һΣ̸ŽǸȻĻҾϳ㣡
ҶƳɵһźһевζѾΡ
ס
Ҷֱ£һ˼ضԼĸףҪҪƲңΪŽ壿
ҶƳɳĬ絶ʾһֲɵ̬ȡ
ףҪɱҪϤ㣬б½ͽҸ廨ѹçĽ֮£ĻҸСǸ
Ҷŭȳ
ž
ڡСָ֡ո˵ڵʱҶƳɵһ⣬׺ݵ˦Ҷϣֱӽ⧲ҶתȦص̱ڵء
ףң
Ҷѽѣ𾪵ضԼĸҶƳɡ󣬴С谮ĸףȻгһջ
ԭ򡭡
ȻΪһէİˣ
ҶоԼڳ鴤ǧٰѷĵиһһһѪ⣬ʹ顣
ӡ
ҶƳɷŭشڴϢļ˻˻֣ҶҰæ֮󣬶Ҫط䣡


ҶƳļִһԥƬ̺ڿ첽ǰؽҶ廨
һĻڳһڵӣȫʧɫ
û뵽׵ҶΪƽϢŭ⣬ϧԼΪ谮ĶӶ֣
ҶʦֺòңҪֽѵһУû뵽һ٣⻹㣬ԼףȻվ˶ԷӪԼ
ҿҸղסûгףĻҵ³ɾͲˣ
ڳһڵӣ׵У˼Ľ֮⣬һ˿η


1874 
ָ硭Сǵ׵ס
ҶϾСĵʦ֣ƽ̧ͷͷΪ׵Ĺϵ֮ĹϵֽˣԺСĵӾͲ̫ùˡ
׻⣬ڵҶϣҶֻģͲҪϳˡ
׵ƢǳҶһ䡰С֡׾Ҫȡͷ
ǣΪСԺӿǣֻ΢ò
Ŷ
ҶƳ΢΢һûϵ׻Ҷ飬ʱǰһлϲ壬ҼСС軵ˣԣίˡ
ҡͷһ۱廨Ҷ
ί
׸ûʲôί
֮£ίӦҶŶԡ
ңҲŲҪ顭
Ҷرһ䣬絶ʡ
ôҲϵԼҪϳԼԼľȻ֮ǵУ
סڣ
ҶƳתͷһǲ֪СҪٲʵҾԽѵһ
˵ţҶƳߣߣӡ
Ҷæͷٺ
֮ǰҶƳɳҶһ⣬ʹҶ׵һͷ
ҶţҪٳԲѷĸҶƳɿ϶ֳġ
СѣȻûҾͷˡ
ҶƳ֧֧ᣬЩؿǸСѣһ󣬻ܹӦ
Ҷϵ˵޷Ц
һʱܷҪᵽС顭ҶƳ̽ѯʵҪ֪飬СɾҪϳˡ
ײӦҶƳ˫ֱȭ
ȻҶƳɿҶΪʵϣǷǳ谮ҶģϣҶܵϳ͡
һĻڳһڵӣȫĿɿڴ
ִҶƳɣڹĹϺŵȻ׹˳ԾС
סҶ˫Ѫ죬Ҫ޳
Ϊһ߳жǱؽգϳܹͣܡ
ǣΪԭ򣬶Լ׵飬Щܲˡ
һʱ䣬Ҷ׵ĳޣǡ޲ǰ׸̻ˡ
ͬʱҶֶԼΪеǳ
ҪŰ裬ҲᵼԼĸ׵ظǸ
ָ磬ǳ㰡ºˣԺҵҪ˭۸㡣СЦף
ҡͷһЦأЩ
ĹɵʡΪ˵ÿԼĹɵִ϶Լʵǰ״
ס
û׿ڴӦҶƳɵ󣬱廨ҶȻˣӣ̺һĨ֮飬ԸǸ
Ŷ
ҶƳǰһһϲҶ»˻֡
ಣ
µһһУҶϵĽħͳɰҶָ֮
ৡ
ʱڳеӣ׷׿ҶһĿ⸴ӡ
ȵĿУҶʹͷ޾ɵףͺһֻ˵Ĺһ
׵ѣҴˡҲΪһʱ嶯㶯֡
Ҷʹͷҿ׵۾ҪֻңҾԲ
ҡͷһЦҶļ򣬡Ҷ֮䲻ģ㼦ëƤС£Ҹûзϡ
Ҷԣص³һǷ˿
ҶԼظǸ׷ǵܣҪĻĸҶƳɿ϶ҪѾظ飬ҶԲϣġ
һ㣬Ҫȷһ¡
׻һת
ţҶҶƳȫһؿס
ֻСĵ֣ҶǰһΣЦҲˣСһġ֪СıͼϣԺܹƺԼĳ߶ȣҪСľݡĻһˣ
Ҷͦν˶ʱ͵һ絶һʹ
Сĵĸ飬ɲһˣСģֱɱܡ
ҶǿжᣬӵĿ΢΢ͷҲ޷еı࣬ͷ񱼶ȥ
ҶСӣһ֡ҶƳ̾ϢһϣһδӴһ겻ֻҪܹɹĥѣպԽӳ졣
ͬʱȫһڳڶʿһСָָ㣬š
СģߺСǵ׵ĸۣСԴǵһƴ׵Ļ꣬еɬеҸģ˿۾ֱˡ


1875 ˽ͤ
һԧ£ɲŮòãϲϲ
ҶƳЦˬʣ׵ϲ
лҶϡ׵ͷһЦ
壬߰ɡ
ҶƳɸЦѾڰ˽ͤеȺʱˡ
á
׵˵ͷתͷһСģСģȥȥͻأһ㡣
С׵ֱۣأԲԸ֣΢ҡҪҪһȥ
һ˵ͷ
˵ҶƳɣŰ˽ͤķӶȥ
˽ͤλãڹĹɵĶСĸҶƳһ˷ԼĪһӵʱ䣬һƬˮ羵ĺǰˮտһۼס
ͷȥؿˮеϺˮ壬ˮʷǳá
΢˱
壬˽ͤں룬ȥաҶƳָźλá
׶ȥɵΪ֮һ
һƬտյĶʲô˽ͤ
׾㵵ı飬СĲɵЦָ磬Ͻȥ㵽˺룬֪ôˡ
׵˵ͷԥٿ𣬳źλ÷Ӷȥ
ಣ
׾ͺһֻһںϿһӶ
֪ǲԭ򣬵ںϷӶʱ򣬸оԼƽԭЩŵҲ𽥵ƽ
ܿ죬׾˺λãնɢʶܡ
ϧһ
ƲƲ죬ʩչѰۡ
Ѱۣܹһãԭﱾ档
ʮ㣬Ϊܹҵ˽ͤλõʱ׿Цõ鷢ˡ
Ѱ۵̽Ѱ£Ȼûҵ˽ͤڡ
壬
ʱһϤɤĤȻǻʮ
ϣģʵ
䣬һ͵ϯ״Ӹ߿
࣡
ֻһ·ĭٿǰһԼһ˽ͤڲ
֡վڰ˽ͤУĹˣ˽ͤں룬򰶱ߣؿСҶƳɵ˵Ӱ
˽֣ͤʩչѰۣδҳ˽ͤľλáװ˼⣬˽֮ͤУȴܹõߵľ󡣡
Ȼֻһϡƽİ˽ͤ׵ȴͬСɡ
ΪĹɣϵ裬ѰʦܹĦ͸ġװ̾ѡ
ţתͷ˽ͤС
˽ͤУֻһʯʯʣʱ˿̣ʮһ׷ͯգŽ۵ߣʯϣЦеԼ
λǹĹɵʡǰˣװв²⡣
һˣ׵첽ǰ׷ͯյһ񣬡ףݼǰ
ݼϣ
׾ʮȹ˫ֱȭԵмӡ
ǺǣСѣؾЦŰ˰֡
лǰ
׵˵ͷǰʯϡ
ֵһǣ׼ǰһֱΪƽ֪Ϊ˽ͤԵʣԼѾĥµʮּ̩ͣɽǰû˿Ļҡ
壬ɽơҲմĹ⣬ŵһڸƽʱûôõĴ
ʮһˮˮϺɫɢϢ
վžƱл

ʮƣЦеؿס
׵˵ͷٱһھˮ
һ̣һĹζ˲׵ζ٣ȫµϸ
΢΢˫ζоƴ֮䣬þ޷
׸еǣ̺һ˿֮ԼĽอ֮УǱĬ׵
þƣǺþơ˫Ź⣬Ҫλǰڳ׿̾Ҫţеľˮһˡ
ɾƣ˶ҪľơʮٺֱЦ¶һӲӵĻư
ɾƣ
װͷղŽһСڣȫµĽƤ⣬ͺԡȪ֮Уů˵ˬ
壬˵ɹˡд£Цס
Ȼ֪Ǹžţ಻𾳽ĴֶĶ֣ʱ˿̣ʵʱȴܲһ˿һѹ
ھͶ֮䣬һʶиУ׷飬޾ĸо
ǰȷд¡
׵ͷ
ЦףĬ
ܵʵ׵վһӣʱһХ˿Ѫɫ˽ͤƽĺ
״̬Ѫɫ
úãѾˡ˲ⲿطˡȻˡ
ʸƶЦ׵ʱһ˿⡣
˵ûɣǸšʮһЦ
֤ԼݣһӣѪɫ㻯ΪһѪɫâ׵ıС
壬һǳҪ֪Ϊʲôһ˽Ĺɣ
Цס


1876 赹
׵ͷ
飬һֱĴǵġ
ĹɼΪأµӴӲ뽭ڹĹɵĴԣҲԽԽ˹Ĺɵĵӣû֪Ĺɵľλá
񣬻ʮȻ׸˹ĹɣһʲôΪ֪ء
һ㣬Ҳ˼
֪īһˣܹ֮Ĺɵ˶
ףܹ֮Ĺɣ롶йء
ϾʮҲڵ֪׳ɹѧˡŽĹɵġֻǵҪīɰˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊѧˡ԰һæ
ʺһſڣ͵еĹؼ
æ
һ죬ܰʲôæ
ֿžţƿŹĹһӴţ¸ڶ࣬ʲôҪһæ
ƺüɻ΢΢һЦæֻܹң
Ŷһüͷ΢΢š
Ҳ֪īһˣ֮ҽ˹Ĺ͵顣
ĵ
ðͷ飬˵ˡ
ʵ֮ԻΪ֮Ϊ԰һæϧûܵȵæͲмƣˡ
ʸпǧһϧ
ǰ˵飬ǲ롶йأʵаһۡ
û
ʵͷһЦҵæֻˡ˶ܹҡ
ֻˡ˲ܹ㣿
ԽԽ澿ʲôæҪϿ
Ҫ֪ɽӴһ׹ֻ˶ܹɹ
˵֮ǰǰеɽɵ£ʲŻش𣬶ǻһתѯס
΢΢ͷʵȷд¡
ôһ֪ɵ֮ĶԹˡЦеס
΢΢һЦӣֻ˵ֻƬʲôҲ˽⡣
ǰɽɵԸʮһ˽֮顣
ͨɵµĽײ֪ɵ֮ԻҪɽŵ컯ɾҪʵж챾Դ
ϧǣȻҵʣȴһֱûܳɹ챾Դ
ڸ㣬ɵ¸㽲飬ġҵȷǶȡ챾Դҵɱ֮С
ЦݺͰһſڣ״ʧɫ
ƤһɫŹֵؿʡ
û뵽˳ʵȻ׽ʵ
תһ룬ƺҲûʲôڵġ֮㣬֮ࡣ
磬һǿԽԽǿԽԽĻ
˭ȭͷ˭ռеԴͶࡣ
һߣرôͻɱ֮ƥﻳĵ
컯Ū˰
һھƣпǧҵɵµж챾ԴûϵһȻִ֣һ·ɽ׷컯ɾ
ңҵǹĹɵĴӪǣһǹĹɵĳڡ
Ϊ˱ȫĹɵĵӲвӦÿһʱ䣬Ҫ֡ˣȻҪ챾ԴҪӮˣҾͻᾡܵش϶ȡһЩѪĥԴеѪ֮ڴгһգܹӵ챾Դ
ʵ
񣬵ʹͷ˼
ǰνУҶսʤϧÿһûܽܡһһ·磬͹ɽвϳɽоŸػһб׺ɱķա
һ뽫֮һӶϾ챾Դͷϧһζûܳɹ
ɵ£ƾŴɽķԴڶ̶̵ļ䣬ͳɹ𾳽磬ʵǡһνУӲҸƳƽ֡
ʽüпü֮һ˿ǳ
ǰĪţˮڣһƵ֮ߡװο
Цؿף塣˵ҴҪ챾Դɵµġֻڣʱˡ
̧ͷ죬Ŀ롣
Ŷ
һ
ʾȻҪ챾Դɵ£
δҲ̫˼ˡ
׿˵챾Դɱһ̨סƾ챾Դʲܹ龳۷徳磬岻𾳸֡
ʷ챾ԴԴɵ£ôɱһǧɣʵʵҲۿۡ
˵ܲš
ܵײĿ⣬һЦĵ˵ɱǿҲܹв𾳸֣ϣЩˡ
ԣƵƷʣ˵üޡ



1877 ɾ
װͷ
ֽڵʿһĽ׶ΣҪƵƷʡ
ƩСģڲΪʥ֮ԭСǧЩˡҪСǧǧС
ҪȻĻƾСǧ󣬺вͬʥ֡
Ҳһ
Ȼɱǳֲǲ𾳽ĸֶΪɵǣ˵ҲҪĸﻻġ
֪ǰʲô뷨𣿡׺ʵ
΢΢һЦϸֳһĨеţ˵ٶǰе׼ֻһͳڵɱһոµơ
Ŷ
˫һؿʡ
ܹɱֲֿڣѾƺˡû뵽ʾȻҪƳ³£ĸﻻ
֪ǺƣȻܹɱ󣿡׺ʵ
ԣʮɵһЦ
ʮٺֱЦֱضף΢Ц
ױЩ˼ڨڨӣǸǲߵĻҾͲˡ
Ǻǣ塣ҼȻѾ뵽ĹͣѾԼˡ
ʺһЦҲ㣬ҽҪڵƣɾ󡣡
䣬ײɵΪ֮һ
ɾ
ƣһͷˮжϣͷͬСɡ
ƺɻ󣬻ʮҡͷһЦ͵ɾ󣬿һַǳֲơΪ֮µһɱ󣡡
Ǵ˵еˣóȻУʮһ֣˵
׶ʱɴ˫һ
ɾ󣬾ȻΪ֮µһɱ
˵ʳɹɾڣôʵǴ˵еۡɸ֣޷ˣ
ΪʼڵƣǱɱֲҲֲĶȥ
ûϵɾȻ˱̬
Ǻǣ˵Щˡ
ʸЦƺе𾪣΢΢һЦɽʵɾҲǷֺ׶εġ
Ҫڵɾ󣬲ֻǳ׶εɾ󡣲ԳΪ֮µĵһɱ󡣲ȴԶеĲ𾳸γв
һȻ˵
һĭʵΪ塣
ֻǳ׶εɾҲвеĲ𾳸ˡǣгһգʳɹؽɾڣôݹ컯ɾܹ俹Ĳ𾳸ָ֣
Ԥףǰɹںɾ󣬳ư컯ɾҾ
ЦŰ˰֣⼸һֱΪںɾŬ׼ţڵңȻ߳ɵİգܹɹںɾ󡣵ǣȴûһʵĻᡣ
ʵĻ᣿Щ档
ںɾΪʲôҪһʵĻ᣿
Цף͵˵һڵɱ󣬳ɹںɾô̾ͻ𾳽磬Ϊ֣
ʱƱؽ٣
֪ٵĴʣ಻һɣ
һᵽ٣˵ʱø
Ҳɫ䣬ľ
ܹ˳ɹٵˣֻвһɣ
ò˵һ;ȫǧľšľԽߣҪٵĽѾԽϿᡣ
Ҳ֪ɵ³ɹ˲𾳽磬Ϊ˲֡
Ȼʻһתʵܹ֮˳ɹ٣ȫǵػ
ҪȻƾľΪҪɹɽ٣ϣͬǳã

԰ͷ
Ȼһöѹɵ²ϧðѳħڵΣգҲҪ͵ɽ
׼
ҲĽ
ʱһһ̺εĿ֮ģֻҪҳɹںɾô߳ɵİնɹ٣Ϊһ𾳸֣
Ҳ֪ƾԼɹٵʿһЩɽٵʿҪǿһЩ
ΪٵĴǣƷʣᷢɱ䡣֮Ҳһ˿Դ֮
ɵƾػѴ֮Ͷɹ˲٣ͬʱҲʧȥһɱĻᣡ
ңͲŹᣡ
ʵҶɹ˲٣Ϊ˲𾳸֣ɵǰһ
ǰһɵñʵĺ۷
ʿŷɥĲ٣ʾȻӵ߳ɵİܹɽٳɹɲƾһƤܹӵеš
ȫǿڵʵܹš


1878 
ǰȻ߳ɵİգܹɹɹ٣ΪγٳٲԸͻƣ
üͷ΢΢š𣬺ʵ
κһʿ˵߳ɵĶɽٳɹʣѾˡ
ϧǣҲܹڹĹͻƣ
һź̾ϢһΪһɹɾڣ١ôеɵ£һڵһʱɱĹɣûҡ
ʱȻ߳ɵİնɹ٣Ҳһ
ҡͷп
Ŷһ
ɽ٣Ҫȫע㾡ȫ˵ңǺ롣
ͨ£˶ɽٵĻҪиԻ
ǣʶɽ٣ɵɱĹɵңûܹס
ǰΪβ뿪ĹڵؾѰһƧ֮ؽͻƣһ˵
ҡͷһЦҸ뿪Ĺɡ
Ϊʲôüͷһ
Ҳ֪ɵµ챾ԴöԴڲһ˿Ѫ֮ûĨȥ
ԣɵܹӦҵλá
һ뿪Ĺɣôһ̣ɵ¾ͻ޼ɵɱĹɣĹɵеӣ¾һգ
ɫϾ
ʲô
׵ɴ˫Ϊ֮һ
û뵽ɵ¾ȻܹӦʵλãֻҪ뿪Ĺɣôɵ¾Ҳûһ˿һĹ˼ԾɱĹɣеĵӸ¾һգйͷ֮ޡ
Ǻãզп
ζûϵ֮Ծþûн𾳽磬ƿΪɵǱڵвӶóȻ𾳽硣
ڹĹͻƣɵ¾ͻɱĹɣʶɽ١һ뿪Ĺɽ٣ôɵ¾ͻԥ¾Ĺɡ
ǰ˵һçĽǲ𾳽ĸҲóȻУΪʲôɵ£
һȻʵ
çĽ˽ò࣬ȴ֪һв𾳸ֵı
ʮһۣɵҡͷЦ壬ȻǹĹçĽػǣֻҪ̤ĹһͼԶ߸߷ɡôһ̣ɵ¾ͻתûĹڵؾʱ򣬾çĽҲԷеĵӶ޾׻ɥ
çĽȻǿϾֻһɽҪһġ
̾Ϣһ
˼ص˵ͷ
ĹɲӵçĽܹǡçĽȻܹвɵ£ɵתֹĹڵؾôçĽҲԷؾΪһ˼
£ɵ֮ԲôǱһ˿ϣҪʵн챾Դ
ǰˡҶ졣ȫԴŹĹɵĵһԶ߸߷ɰһͲõɵµĴˡ
׵
ʮҡͷԣ壬Ҳն޷СȣеĵӣȫԼıһߣҲûáΪһ뿪Ĺڵؾ̾ͻᱻɵȫǺᴩ֮ǰסȻ˵ƾɵµʵδܹǽƼˣ̾ͻʱ򣬾Ҳѱ
ɫ䣬һ
⣬Ҫ룬ƱҪçĽһߡʵϣǹĹڵؾѱûһçĽɽ֮ߣôڵؾͻΪ޷ѹȣ鿪ʱؾữΪޡҲɥʧΨһһ·
ʮ
׵ʹͷ˳˼
ӣҪںɾ󣬳Ϊ𾳸֣ҪɵС
ɵӵŴԴǵٶһǧɽУҪնɱֱ˵졣
Ǻáװ̾һ˼ӡ
һǳģ΢΢һЦֱضףΪʲôҪԭΪֻ㣬ܹ˳ɽ١
ʲôֻܹ˳ɽ٣
׾ʣоЩڸ
Һεºܣܹǰɽ٣
ײ
Īǣ˺գʴȥ޾жɽ٣
ܣ
һˣҡͷ
ɽ٣Ҫûиţɳӿ޾ǿ֮֮ϯ糱жɽ٣ֱѰ·
ػҲ޼¡
ôֻʲôԭ
׳˼
壬㲻Ҫɡ
һЦΨһһܹҶɽٵʿΪõĽıУͻһʯ


1879 ֮
ʯ
һɫ䡣
ڽʯײİҪ֪ÿһУлʯʯܹѹס磬ӶάһĿռ䣬ȶ
˼壬ʯһĻʯ
һ磬Ψӵ˽ʯܹ硣Ļֻܹһռ䣬һؾˡ
˵Ԫʿڶһ磬һĳΡ
ĳܹһ磬ֻܹǿΪؾ
Ϊûʯ㲻һ硣
磬Ʃ컯ɾųСɾһ硣СĻʯĳ̨
˭̨ܹôܹ̾Ϊ컯ɾףΪ顣
ʾȻ˵׵ıУδһʯ
һʲô
ζţ׺пܳΪһףƿһ磬Ϊ֮
붼顣
ǰ㲻ڿЦɣҵıУȻܹһʯ
ƤЦʣΪڿЦ
壬ûи㿪Ц
һ棬һһʮ˵Ҳ֪֮Ϊɹˡ˶ÿһ󾳽磬ܹһط˵ûɣ
׵ͷ˼
īһ֮׵ġǴīеõģʶԡ˽Ǻ顣
֪龳ʱ򣬽õһططܹʯʱıͽΪһС磬ҲΪ֮
ʵ
ʮһɾƣЦضס
ɣڽ龳ʱ򣬾ܹõһطӶܹʯ
׿һĭأԲԼĶ䡣
ʮʶǿЦģ׶ʱЩˡ
һʱ䣬ζӡ
ȻѾ֪Լġɽ紫Դһÿһ󾳽磬ܹһͬʿǿط
ûϵ龳֮󣬾ȻܹһʯΪ˵е֮
ֱǲ˼飡
һʯΪһסʱܹõһ˿֮һ̺֮ŴԴ֮󣬽ͬ졣˵еۣԵֵ֮
ʮ˵
ģ
׵ɴ˫ипǧ
û뵽һʯ֮󣬾Ȼܹõ˵е֮֮籾ԴܹûΪ֮۶Կ⣡
û뵽⡶ȻгһܹΪ֮õһ˿֮
һʱĳȣɫǺ졣
Ȼ׵ĥ쳣ͣʱ˿̣ȻƲס˷뼤
ʵϣκ˵֪һĺϢ֮󣬶Աƽ
壬һΪֲطܹͬʿгưԣңԽԽǿֲ
ʯ֮󣬲벻𾳽磬룬ݹǧǧ磬ܹһϸµˣָ
һƶ
ӿ죬Ҫؿ
ҵСѣȻõⲿطıƷ̫ͣһʯֻеȵ𾳽磬Ʒ㹻ʱлһʯϧһ٣˼˵ĶƣӶһغǳϧ
īһˣɵð̾
ΪƷʲӶҪȵ𾳽ܹʯ
׾һգգ۾
ǰ񲻹ֻһ벽ʥҪ𾳽磬Ҳ֪Ҫȵ¡ңÿһ󾳽磬ҪͨһĹؿܷ𾳽磬һδ֪
Ȼҡͷ̾Ϣһ
壬ҪģҾĻԵˣλСҪʤһ
ʶʮġ
лǰΡ
ڨڨһЦЩ˼ӣȻüͷһšɻǰѵҽ𾳽磬Ϊһ֮֮󣬰ɵ£
״
˵Ψһһܹˣ¿ƺֻֿˡ
׳Ϊ𾳸ֺ˳ʯʱõһ֮ڲ֪ͻʩɱ֣ɱɵµĻǳ
ԣʮʲɵһЦҡҡͷ
ҵȻҪһɵ¡
Ц񲻹ֻһ벽ʥ𾳽磬Ҳ֪Ҫȵʲô¡ʮڣҪɵ¾һ¡Ļ챾ԴеѪɷ֮ٶȱǲɵµıѪ࣬пܻҵƿأʱڵɱ󽫱һɢɳ


1880 ֮
ʮꣿ
пһ
ʮڣʾͱҪɵ¾һ£ζʲô
ζױҪʮڣ𾳽磬пܰʽɵ
ǣҪڶ̶ʮʱڣӰ벽ʥ磬𾳽磬ǲܵ顣
ԣͼ׽𾳽֮ɱɵ£̫ʵ
ǰҪβܹǰԽ
壬˵ˣǸСѸ츳ΪڻԵɺ֮£õа۴һַ壬ܹھͶ֮䣬˺ա
΢΢һЦĿضס
׵ͷ
֪ܹ֮õа۵һַ壬ӦڽԪʱһı磬ô
Ц
΢оû뵽ʶԼ˽⡣
תһ룬ҲʲôܡʮСĵˣֹһεĽıУȻ׵ıͬ죬ͬʿıܹᲢ۵ġ
ݻʮ˵һͿ׵ıһıˡ
ǻʮߵʡ
ûײ÷
ǺǣΪʲô˵츳ҵСѸõԭ򡣡
һЦʵϣÿһ˶δı磬ܹһʯΪ֮
㲻δı緢չһ̶ȣҲܹһʯΪ֮
ʻһת׵㣬ӵһı磬ңˡôҾ͸Ҵ󵨵ز²ֻҪ龳磬һʯΪ֮
һ
һʱпϲ
˵öԡ
īһˣڽ龳ѾõһطԼıһʯΪ֮
ǣıƷʲΨеȵ𾳽ʱ򣬲лʯΪһס
Ȼ׾Ͳһˡ
ڻԵɺ֮£һı磬۱ƷʣͬʿиûܹᲢۡ
ʵϣֻһ벽ʥף۱Ʒʣ龳ĸ֣Ҫһء
׵ơ
īһˣȻõطлʯɸΪ֮ûܳɹ
ȫ龳磬һʯ
ʱ׾ܹΪһĴףΪǧĿе飡
һˣ׵ĺؼɫһһ죬鼤
ǰҾ龳һʯΪܹ֮أ
ҡҡͷԼƽ
ϱ֮ľںĩŲ̨֮ǧ֮Уʼ¡
ײֻһ벽ʥ龳磬кܳһ·Ҫߣػûʧֻͽհˡ
Ψߺڵÿһ·δлؽ龳硣
˳˱ʯܹ֮õһ˿֮֮ıͻɱΪһС硣ǸʱҾͿıжɽ٣õĻݻı硣
΢΢һЦ
ǰһ
ּĸ֣ǽ𾳽磬Ĳ٣ԼֲѰʿı磬޷ּ٣һ˲ͻᱻٸݻ١
ǡ
׵ıñһС磬нʯѹôܹ
ǡ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ̧ͷʣǽҵıжɽ٣ɵǻӦʱһɱĹڵؾҿ޷ס
ʮٺһЦӹͷ壬ˣܹ˺յĴڣʱȫԶ֮УǹĹɵĵӣԶıУɵ¾Ҫɱ㣬ҲҲ㡣
ȵɹںɾ󣬽𾳽֮ɱɵ¾ԲǶ֡
ʮٺһЦ
ԣڻȻ򣬸ƶЦ
ģҪҳɹںɾ󣬽𾳽磬ҾͻὫ챾Դóɵ¡
ʱ˾Ͳ֣ɽĵĻ顣
ҡͷһЦ
Ŷ΢΢һ˼ص˵ͷ
壬ǹĹеϣϣֻҪܹʮʱڣɹ龳磬ʯôǹĹɾоˡ
ʮζ׵ļ
׶ʱоѹǳ󣬲ɵ¶Ц
Ҫʮʱ龳磿
Ҳס
Ͼֻһ벽ʥ綼δ̤룬龳ˡ
˵ˣÿһ󾳽磬Ҫһ쳣ѵĹؿǷܹͨ黹һ
Ҫʮʱڣ龳磬̸ף


1881 
ƺǿĵ׵ǣ΢΢һЦο׵壬ѹô󡣡
ģûʮڣɹ龳磬ʯҲһ֮ߡ
̾Ϣһ
Ŷ׾һ
ʮûܳɹôҾͻɵ½̸СʱһὫ챾ԴֻֽܹŹҵˡ
ĵţôӦòܾ
ײɵΪ֮һ
ʮûܳɹôʾͻὫ챾Դֽɵ£ԼƽϢɵ³»ŭ
Ϊģɵ·ŹĹɵˣ
ײɵһĭɫøء
ʮڣױҪɹ龳磬ܹʴ
ޱȵشǳޡ
壬˵ôҪ㣬Щ֡ϾҹĹɲ޹ϸ𡣸ûбҪΪǹĹɶƴ
ȻʸпһһͳһƣݸףֻҪԸ⣬Ҿͻ߾ܰ㾡ңʲôҪֻҪǹĹܹģһ岻ݴǣ
ҵĻƣǹĹɵĵλͺһκ˼㣬Ǽұһ
ӽǹĹеԴçĽ㶼ܹá
Żƣһף׻ܾ
Ϊܹ£ףѾʹ˻ĳ⣬ֻܹӦ
ʮƽﲻЦݣͬʮֽŵؿס
üͷ΢΢š˳
˵Ӧʵ󣬶ױ˵аһ顣
ΪûʵҲ߾ȫԼľΪʵϣÿһʿˡ
ǣֻҪ״ӦʵôܹõԴĹڣçĽҲܹá
Ҫǣ컯ɾУһǿͬˡ
˹ĹΪܣպĵشߴΪУҲһݵ
ҪǣС֮ĹϵѾ·˽֪ײӦʵҪôҪСĽһչĿԼûС
Ҫ֪ĹɿǴӲͨġ
׶ҪӦʵ󣬲һҪ߾ȫذɹѹء
ǰҴӦ㡣δһ߾ܣɹ˽١׺Ȼ̧ͷ˫һس
ã̫ˣ
ʸжӯһס׵֣׵С
Ҿ˵ɣǸˣǹĹɽãûɾܾ󡣡
ʮٺֱЦһʡ
ǰ⻢ƣ򲻸¡׻æеĻƻʣһֵĿһ
壬ȻӦҵճɹ񣬶ǹĹɵĴˡӦܵߵöƣζҪ¡ĻԵ̫ˡ
ʹһȴֿ˻
ʰѻ˵ϣ޿κεص˵ͷΪѵ˻ơ
ˣ塣
Ȼ΢΢һЦϸ֪ոմһţڡδȣڷٷչĽ׶Ρ
׵ͷ
ҪǲĻҾͽɸ㣬ǲ龳ĸ֣ػڣ㿴Σ
Ц
Ŷ
Բɵǰһ
ʵʵ˵״ڣȻϽ﷽Բҷչ״ǳϲˡ
ǣȻŲٵ
ƩλʨֵܣȻ׸ɱ֮ȴһλδһ޴
⣬ߴҲᷢī׵ݣʱǲ̤ƽڣ׸ûл֮
˹ĹɵԮڵİȫϵ
лǰЯֻ࣬Ҫһӡ
˼̧֮ͷ˵
ʱҪǲλ龳֣˻ʮ֮⣬ˡ
ǣȴֻҪʮһˡ
ΪΪڵϾֻһ벽ʥȻʹ͵Ļ֣ܹĹɵʿǣĶԹĹɵ龳ָֻţߺû׼ͻ龳ֲ졣
Ͼ龳֣ۣ˭ԸⱻһСѵ
˵ˣڿţ׾ϵĴڣ˵Ļǽԣû˵ΥĹǲλ龳֣ȴ˿ĵȥ׵Žкܴ𺦡
Ҫ龳֣׵Ĵڣ׸Ǻã
µʱҲǴҲǣֻܸż
ʮͲͬˣʱʮĽӴѾԻʮǳϤ֪ʮǵ
ԣûʮפڣΪڵһŵƣٺòˡ


1882 
ãϡתͷʮ˵ôδʮڣפڣΪڵһҪȫڸ𣬴ഫ
ģһ壬Ϲᡣ
ʮЦݣһվӦ
͵ص˵ͷ
оͷ·»á
˻ʮλ龳ĸڵһΡ
ˣǰ
ȻһٻһһߵıУݸʣһϣܹæ
Ŷʲô飿˵޷һЦͷȥȻǰһǡ
һĭ׵нӹ°Ȼذû뵽Ȼܹõһֶֻд˵еɽС
Ǵӹ˵ʢϾ۵õģϧǣһдƷҪĻҪĺԴͲ㡣
ԣǰܲ޸
һؿʣ޸Ψһϣʶûа취޸Ļôǧǧ磬Ҳûмܹ޸ˡ
Щء
ʷһ֮󣬲ɵ̾һ¶һĨϧɫ
ǰѵ㶼ûа취޸𣿡׵༸ᵽɤ۵λá
ʵ˵ҲûоԵİս޸
ЦˬʣǣҸظ֤û޸ô컯ɾҲܹ޸
һ٣԰ɫһһʮʵȻûаս޸ǣ޸߰˰Ӧⲻ󡣵޸ȻҲҪĲٵܹ϶ҪҪԼöࡣ
׳һŲõЦݡ
Ȼûа취ȫ޸ֻҪܹ޸һ֣ҲǼõġ
Ҫ֪һļ÷ʽ޸߰˰ˣôպ׾Ͷһķ
ǰҪܹ޸ã
״궯˫֣ȻЩȲˡ
ʸЦƬ̵ҲҪصʱ䣬Ҫõʱ䣬Ҳ˵׼
΢΢ͷ
޸һΪƴḶ́ǳϦܹ֮ɵġʱҲ㹻ġ
壬էǹĹɺúһʱ䣬ǹĹȻ󣬵ɽˮƣʧġ
ʮٺһЦƱеɾƸһ
ҡͷЦϣѾ˰벽ʥ磬ҵһǣܹһͻƣΪʥĻҵľΪͻһֱֹǰڵңûʲôɽˮ
ʮЦѡ
ϣ㲻ýһЩʱգƺôûطһۣز˻ʮͼ
ʮͷȾƣҲЦֹ
ɾƿɲʲôʱܳģһҲѪɾдףʮŵմ˹⡣
壬ʲôʱ̳תͷףЦеʵ
ַ̬ȣʷǳ͡
ȻԽԽˡʵ
á
ʵ˵ͷһӣһ۵Ӱƾճʵǰɣȥϣ˵ҪҪ
ǡеˣȥֻӰһΣƾʧ׵ǰ
׶ʱһľ
۵ɣϢۻ룬һʥ֡ʶֻһۣ֪಻Ƿ֮
ɢһĽ⣬ȴͺһδϵؽ
Ĺɵĵ̣лöࡣ
壬Ҿһ
ʾƱЦеؿףͺ˿ŮԽԽϲ
׻æվ
һҪϳʮеľƱһ㵵ؿʡ
ûĹĹɣ֮⣬ֻаƳĹ̡ͬȥȷһʧ
ʵ˵ͷ
ԸŹ֣Կ·ƣҪͬȥĻ᲻⣿
ʮüͷš
һҡҡͷЦϣ֪ڵʲôģȻƽﲻСڣڴϣǲվġ
Ҳ˼
̾Ϣһ촽Ƭ̣ƺ˵ʲôվסû˵ֻԹԵ̾ϢһͷȾơ
׸оЩĪȻʶϡƾֱҲܹоϲ򵥡
а˽ͤУסʮˣٱ̸˵أʮǢ


1883 
ಣ
֮ɵӰƾһͳڰ˽ͤС
ɣأ
̧ȥֻһˡ
ϡ˵ûпգԾͲˡ
ɵʹͷЩš
ʲô
˵ûпգ
ʮֱӴñӶˡ
ʿһ֮ǰȥΪ£Ӧ̹ǡãȻһ仰ͽʹ߸򷢻ˡ
дԽԽˡƽĿҲͰˣȻ
ʮýҧֱ졣
üͷ΢΢š˼
ʲһھƣ΢΢̾Ϣһεذ˰֣ɣ°ա
ǡһΣգʧ١
壬Цˡ
һεؿף͵˵ǹĹɵϯϡʵ۱֣һҪһʦء
ɡаۡçĽӶˣڵǧ콾ȫΪУʸϵңҲһʦ֡
ʵ
Ŷ
׻Ȼ򣬡ԭϱָߣѹֲüԦ
ǵǱŵ컯ɾ֮󣬷컯ɾһ֮أ޺УͬʱУ൱ңǹĹɵĵӣŽһ£пƬ
ʮʱӹͷԣǾ컯ɾУҲһĹɣɽĹɵѪ
׵ͷ
ǣڴҵһƾ£ʦֱټΪʸϵʦ֡
ʮ
üͷһЩɻ
㲻ҪȣһǿΪ磬ǵһǧ콾УȻʦʸϣǣʵǿġң츳ǱܼټܹѡΪȻ顣
ʮ̹Ȼ
΢΢һЦͬص˵ͷ
Ȼʸϣ̸űʶҪһʦ֡Ƕɽı֣˵ˣʿ˵ر֣صʵ
ΨʵܹӮء
ʵʵǿ츳ǱҲһʵ˼ʹϵıԣҲӵóͣһ֮ţһ֮Ȼ顣
ǣΪʸϵˣȴҪԼʦһŵ˭϶е
ҪԦȻס
Ϊ˰ʦ֣ΪĹɵϯϣƿçĽǹĹɿһ֮֮ϵĴˡ
ʮǣϣȻʶʱһĿ˵ӣ˺޵
˵ţʮתͷʣҿ罫ϸţһʺһࡣ
ϣ̫ƫˡҡͷһЦеƢʲô£㲻ô黳
ʵҸ֮λںܷгһػɽ磡Щɽ˵ǸǳȺһˮưԣҲ塣Ψ»ص󺣣ܹɡ
Ŀ䣬˵
ǣһ뵽ʮرԹһ£졣
ߣȥϳվɫ
У
ʮϴʾܾһΪһ֮ӦӦеϣϣҪòˣԺϾ͸ˣ
üͷһš˳˼
ʲô취𣿡ʿʮ
ʮԹԵֹƬ̧̣ͷɣȥϣҪٲӣҾ͵ʱһʶҵʵ
Щˣƾʲôǹۿ˵ͣʵܹϴѾҪոˡ
ʮҧгݡ
ע߶ȡ
ģ
õʵɣʮʱһϲʹһɫ
վʹ˹֣ʮ𣬳Ű߷Ӷȥ
ߣСĿʮӰʱӭǰȥ
ָ磬ôСһŵضףСġ
ǰͦƽ׽˵ġ΢΢һЦ
СģġָѾ˺ĹɵĴˣദû˸Ҷ졣
ʮһſڣʹŮҵС˼СߺСطһۡ
ߣȥ
ʮֱһȵسçĽķӶȥ
СĲУ


1884 ʮ˽ū
һʮסСˣçĽ
ʱçĽΧ£һȺʿȺһ²ذš
ǲᷢڶӵĻ⣬ʮа˾йء
û취ڹĹּյ˵էˣעĿ
ңһ¶棬Լߵ̬һ֮ڣ˹ĹɵҶ
ңùĹɵŮСΪ֮ġ
˵ǳ˷ͷ
ʱСģڻʮ£ٶçĽʱ˵עȫ׵ϡ
ÿһ˶ʶȤرͣ±Ҫ鷳
ҳ
ʮǵçĽײըףçĽһ
ȫɫһ䣬ʮľٶסˡ
ڸӡ
ϺųƽգϺųƽ񣬱ϵʵҪһԴӻϳɹ콣ں󣬾е޳Ͻаˡ˺񻹴δԹ
޳ϿǴϣˣçĽУں˲ٵçĽȻϳɹں콣󣬵Ҿã۵̣ǿһ
۷׷ס
ãçĽУûдƺçĽеûʮĻ
Ȼңʮôӵۣͷ
СģΪçĽУѯСġ
ǹĹɵçĽͨ£ڵʮ㽣СÿеӳԵϾͻڰбֹµڵصĹвɥ
Сĵ
׻Ȼͷ
çĽڹĹɵҪԲԶܹƿçĽɼһʵȨϡ
ٲҿҪӲçĽˣʱ򣬿ɱҲӣ
ʮЦһв˵ţǵçĽҪǿ
ӷ׷׹һֲ´ļơ
ಣಣಣ
ȻʮɫӰçĽײһзӶڻʮǰ
ϣ
ҼڱչУӿ͡ҪмµĻҼ˳֮Ի㴫
һ׵꣬ǰһ񣬿Ϳ˵
ͬʱʮ߸һɫ׵꣬һΧһԲʮΧ롣
ѽ޳ϵʮ˽ū
Сʧһӵؿǰʮ׵ꡣ
ʮ˽ū
üͷһЩɻ󡣶ʮ˸׵꣬ɵƤһ
ʮ꣬Ȼʥ֣
ȻϢжϣʮʥֻ֣ǳ磬㲻ʥ
ʮʥ֣ϣǲʮλ龳ĸ֡
ָ磬ʮūǴϵʿֻڴһˡûԼ֣ƽʱλһ޶һֱʮˡ
Сһ˵Ҳˣʮūʥ֣ڴϵİ£ںһ˿çĽʵǷ
ʮū
ײɵõһ
û뵽ȻӵʮʥĽū
ѹƽĿˣʶӣԭĵ̡
һҲң
ʮбһǰĽ꣬һЩм
ңҡ
һæͷŲȴ˸һվԭأ˿ڱչ֮У⣬ҪΪѡ
չأ
ԣʮɵЦһҡͷԵһĪǽҸɵӣ֮ǰոǲ̸ȴؾܾˡڱչ֮УΪθղй˵ھûˣ
Īһŵñͷڹ꣬¶ˣ
ʮԴϬһ
һһʮʿʮĻɫЩÿȴҷʲô

ʮøһϻһ̸һ֣ҪһǿдçĽ
ϣ
һˣ˫ȺƹǦһ˿ִҪӲçĽǾͱǵˡ
䣬һİνʮūԼķ
󣡡
һָ£ʮūգۼͲóһɫϾؿʮ
ȫȻ
Χĵӷ׷׺ͶȥĿ⣬һﲻѡ
û뵽ϵʮ˽ūȻҪʮˡ
ǲ֪
ʮֱ£ҧҪֽѵһûûСС


1885 ҹ
ãҪʮ˽ūˡ
пһ
˵ǾԲϣʮĹϵֽģϾ˶ҪһͬǰϹĹƿĹ֡
ǻʮʮ˽ū֣Ϊ˵϶ưոݡ
ʱ򣬻ʮһ˵˺Ƥ˭Ըòһ֣ƿĹ֣ϹĹ̽Ͳ̫ˡ
ԣҪֹʮʮ˽ūֲС
ţ
һˣ׵ͺһͳ嵽˻ʮǰһס˻ʮ΢΢һЦϣûбҪ⼸С׻˵ɱţǣ
㣿
ʮ΢΢һͷһЦã壬ϰգǵǧҪ֣
˵ʮ˽ūʥ֣ʮֲ󣬾龳ĸ֡ʮҲ˵ġ
ʮ߾ȫ󣬲׳һԼͲѹ
ϾʮΪ龳֣ǹĹɵĳϣ޷ڶʱ󣬿϶˳Ц
׾Ͳͬˡ
Ȼֻа벽ʥ磬ھͶ֮˺գƾһɱﵣ
ϣ͵ſҵıݰգ
õ˻ʮĴ𸴣΢΢һЦݲǰ
׳ʮŷǳĲͬ
ʮֽѵʮ˽ūôΪʮ˽ūˣԲӲܡʱ򣬻ʮ֮϶ᱬһս
ĻΪǰֻܹѵԼʮ˽ūûãһ벽ʥһʶ
СӣĻ͸ϽçĽܴĵط
һбһףü֮䣬ǲм֮ɫ
ͬʱʮ߸ūҲ¶Цζݲǰס
ô֪أ
촽Ÿ͵һŵ棬˶ʱ֮һʮ˽ūĽ

ʮ˽ūͬһʱӶеķɲ֮䣬Ľʹ̺֮һ˿ç֮˲γһŽͷ
͡
ǧһ֮ʣһӣֻһ˺ѵ죬һʮɳĿռѷ죬ƾճ֡
Ľ˲䱻еɣգʧ١
ͬʱʮ˽ūȫһΣоһɾ˵ϯҪǸռѷУһŵɫҲ˲άֽˣһֻ޵ȣûس˷Ӷݿ
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ʮ˽ūֲõĽ󣬾ͱ׸ˡ
ɾ䣬ˮ
ȫȫʧ׸ˡ
壬ɵúã
ʮƶЦͷçĽеͷڹꡣʮ˽ūôоʮ˸Сأ
䣬ڶӷһЦ
ʮȻϯϡͷڹ꣡
ʮ˽ūʮ˸Сˣ
·ĹɣҲֻлʮ˺ˡ
ϣֱ̫
ٿأçĽдһŭçĽΪ֮ҡ
ͣͣͣͣ
ȥçĽڽΧ䣬ҪŵΧʿ׷˱ܿܲһغ
ţһŵӰ̩ɽѹһçĽʮ㽣ϯ¡ֲܣѹ˵ͷ˸обƣѡ
¶ˣ
֪ϻ᲻϶֣
һϷϾҪˣ
ڳһʿһֻؿӰ
ţ
׶ȥ˿еĴϡһͷ෢ӵһͭɫĿӣߣͺһͷҰޡ
Ӵͷڹ꣬¶ˡһΪçĽءʮƳһЦһ
ϣǿçĽεáңǺ⣿
һϢµҶߣĪƤˣҸɹǣ
ɹǣ
ʮҡͷһЦϺ޾ɫаҪĸˡղײգǽվһ¡
ˣû˼ǲӵͷ
ʮ޿ֵЦҪˣ͹ԹԽϵλøҡҪˣƾ㴦ãΣ

ԣЦһЦããԭҵ֮λ
ҴӦ㣬ǽվһ£ҪˣλͣǣҪӮˣҾҪçĽҹǸ
һؿʮ


1886 ˭ҷ
˲ɵõһ־㵡
ʮλʵȨϣȻҪһ£ңעǳ
ǻʮӮˣҪλ֮ͣλøʮ
ǻʮˣôҪçĽ¹ҹ
ϺúݶȻûçĽҹ
ϿʵȨϣҪçĽ¹ҹɱأ
ϣ׼˺Ƥˣ
ĹɵĵӣȺؾۼһһ۷׷ס
ʲô
ˣҾҪçĽ¹ҹ
ʮϢһϣһŭض
δҲ̫ݶˣ
㲻𣿡
ЦһһĵضŻʮȻλͣҪп˷յĻ͹ԹԱ͡
ʮͷƤһɫһһס
УԲ˽֡Ļͻ˴ˡ
һ
֮Ի飬ϣܹʮ֮Ĺϵģûϵһâ˭ԸòҪ֡
һʮĶˣô˭ܹȡյʤܾˡʱ򣬱˵һͬȥϹĹˣʮҪչˡ
ң˭˵Ҳˣ
ʮһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻưһ׼ȥֵļƣֻҳ̫أһСľͽˡ
ã
õ˻ʮĴ𸴣ͷһЦߣȥһϸ£Хʮ֮Ŀֲײһ΢ɳ졣
ţ
ȻݲǰڻʮǰǰֻһᡣλϣǹĹɵͬʦֵܣͲҪ˰ɣ˺
ţ
תͷбһף¶һĨͷɫСӣǺˣҲǰߺ
ס׹ֱȭ

ͺһôס
ȻȴһЦվǰĺǳȫǳš
ৡ
ʱڳһʿȫɫŹֵؿס
ǵ죬ȻڴǰᣬҪ֪ԸƽŵʵȨϣԶ֮岻ֻһէˣȻҸϽа壬ǲ֪
ƺر󣬲ٽҲܹ۸۸Ҷʦ֣ϣֻȡķݡ
뷨ǺõģҪȰλϡǴ֮ìܣҲֻһáֻҲڵķݡ
ƢǳϤĵӣȫͬĿ⿴ס
ҹ
ҡͷһЦ˿Ϊ⣬ǰ֪Ʋһ㣬㻹ûʸҹ
ʲôûʸһʱ׵ĻЦˡ
ڹĹɣҸô˵Сǵһ
ϣָĹɲС׳Կæǰ׵קͬʱвϣܹ֪Ѷˡ
ǺǣĹҾͲҽѵôһĿ𱰵СӣұҪúýѵѵ
ҡͷһЦǵǰҪ֡
ֳ
ʮͺһһɿֲĽϯ졣
ѵףȵù˻ʮһزС
Сģϡ
׾ԭأһνЦЦǲýţûܹ˵ҡ˵ţһͳһöơ
Ʊ˸˲佫˵Ŀȫ˹ȥ
ǣ
׼ѵףȻһ̧ͷеƣɵɫ䡣
ͬʱڳһڵӣҲеƣһһٿ׵񣬶һ˿η塣
еƣǻƣ˻ƣǹĹɵĵλƽκ˼˽壬͵Ǽˣ
Ҳ֪徿ǺηʥȻ˵ÿϧƶʹ͸ɷˣ
ѹֽ˵ûʸѵԭлƣ൱һϵȷûʸѵסǵûʸѵףһҪ׵ĺ
çĽµһڵӣеĻʱȫʧ۷׷
ָ磬Ȼõ˻ƣС־ϲеĻƣӣС쾪ȵȫϲ£
ƣͬˣǻ񣿡
ʮͳ˻ƣɵһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻư
£
֪˭ͺһɢΧĵӣ½Ҿ
һӹçĽµĹ㳡ϣֺ롣ȥԿһ˵ʿ
׻һܣΪ⡣


1887 
ȻĿһתԿ˴
ʱͷƤһһʴӡ
ֳֻƣ൱ȻΪϣҲҾʺá
ĻĿ𳤣ûн
޴ģʮСĲɵһЦ
ڣСʮͱ˵Уε˫ֱȭΪܵسһ
׵ͷһЦȴֿ˻
ܹùĹɵĴϸԼҾĸ֡
Ȼ˵Ҿʱ򣬷ǳԸʱҲôࡣֻҪϷ׾ˡ
ǰھǲǻǰָֻأ
΢΢һЦ޿ֵؿ
ֵ֡ѣֳֻƣ൱ȻҪһӡһ鲻ԸسŻʮһۣϣҾ㡣նҪһͿأçĽҹ
ʱ㵽ףʮ粽á
ˣ׵Ȱ£ŵĻʮȫ
ǰʵǴ˷㣬Ҫ̡
΢΢һЦҪȥݼһͬһ
ҲáڴĿУ鲻Ըص˵ͷ
õı̬׷ʮСǰߣں档
ʮ˽ū档
ģ
תͷƳһʮ˽ūһɸֵģ
ʮ˽ūľӢʮ֣Ȼ׸󣬼ֱĨڡ
ʮ˽ūѵ⣬һͷ
ĵȴʮֵò
ҪǸףа۴һַ壬ܹ˺գǵĶ֣
Ҫһܹ
ֻðˣϧǣջƣǸûлһسˣĻѳĹɣΪУ
һһ˰˽ͤڵĺԡ
סʮˣԶ˰˽ͤССʮ˽ū˰ߡ
ˡ
СĿʮ˸ͦǹһſվڰߵĽūоһľͷˣر˼ʱǰЦŴȤ˼䣬Ҫƽʱָʹƨˣ
ʮ˽ūĬ
ˡ෴ǵĵ׺ܲ
֮ĬֻΪǲԸСһʶˡ
ϾСڹĹйΪ콾󣬸ʮ˽ūܹġСջƵ׽ãû˸Сˡ
Ӵǿܲ
СĴʮ˽ūɫЦƲƲ죬ȤҸǣָǴ˵еŽ壬ǵһԪ͵ϳ̨֮ӡ
Ҫǣղ֮ȫԸƣǿ޵
СĲһΪģ
Ž壿
˵Ԫ͵ϳ̨Ĵ
ʮ˽ūɵ΢΢ɫԭĲм֮ɫʱɢһüͷ壬ӳĬˡ
û뵽׾ȻŽ塣
С˵ĻûˮֵĻô׵ʵѵʮ˽ūеκһʮ
ʮ˽ū¶㵵ɫСΪؽЦ
ʦ㡣
Ȼһˣ࣬ʮ˸ֵܣһϵƣʮ˸ΪսôֻǷֵ֮һᡣҲ֪ʮ˸ˣһ壬һô龳ĸҲη壡
ԣ㲻Ҫеκһ˽бȽϣ塣
һһ
ʮ˽ūСľһոСŮӶɵŵ㣬޲ý׸졣
ǣСڿ׵ʱʮ˽ūʯЩˡ
֪ʮ˸һ塣
СĿֱЦشϧǱָ֮ŵĴӴܵӣɲһŶ
䣬ʮ˸ūȫϢһϣЩһĵˮС
Ů˵죬Ȼεɱ
İ˽ͤС
סʮ˾Զ˰˽ͤС
ҽͽˣ˵ҪɱҪУ
ʮ˻û¿ˡ
ûسŻʮһۣǰһҾݼ
̧ͷ˵ͷɣȺȾƣȻٷԸ顣
ǰҪһƨȾơ
˭ˣôôûֵõ𣿡ȻʮĴɤ¿ˡ
ŭغ˻ʮһۣûҹΪϣĪǻҪ
ʮ˫ֲٺֱЦҿû˵Ҫ˵סֳֻƣͬ˵ǲҪ֣


1888 ƽ
ʱЩƿԡ
ʮĻȻȷʵеջƣ֮󣬵ȷҪһ
вϣⶼʵ
㡭
ڻʮĿУʱҲվҲǣһʱΪΡ
ǰҪ⣬ɡ
׻æΧ
Ȼ˵ӵлƣɲżëƣûû˵԰Լݵλ
ֻԼ֮Ĺϵ
ɲҪĽ
ãáһЦ̤ʵһƨ׵΢һЩ
ߣСԺ󻹸ҸšʮΪ⡣
ƺʮơ
ò˵ʮˣһԻһСͷ硣һΪ׳ͷ෢һͷҰޡӾˣһƤӣľϷС
¶֮ЩΪ£㲻˵ǲ̤ʵ
ΪĹɵĴϣƽǸçĽСС飬ʺٻ飬Ҳֵˡ
һΣ϶вΪ֪顣
˵һҪ֣ǰϹĹƳĹ֡
һھƣ˵
ʲô
ȥϹĹ̽
ԣɵǰһлϲ°û뵽Ὣҡ
˵Ѿкüûˣ˵ϹĹʱЩȲ
Ǻǣûôס
ҡͷ΢ЦȻһתϹĹһĹָˣ֣ĹָƳ˲С
֣ӦкܴϣܹƳĹֵġ
ʵ
Ĺô
ԣüͷ΢šԹԵ˼š
ȻڹĹ֣ţ֪һַǳӵĴ󡣼ϵ裬Ѿǳ֮ߣҲҴƱ˵ܹĹָƳ
ƳĹ飬һ˾㹻ˣòŻʮ
Ȼ̧ͷ˵
ʲôƨ
ʮûſݵ֣ĭɣһҴ棬档ֲָֻšģҪǿķϣԸ㣬һͬǰϹĹ㲻ҪҪ
ԹԵصͷȾƣڻʮĻš
΢΢Цţûв뵽
˵ʮĵжԹϵδزһ¡
ΪһʮͬʱȥϹĹ໥ǣƣҪ˭ʲôĵرҲ˽̡Ļһ˾ͻʡ
ԣǻʮҪԼһжʶǡ
ǲҪ뵱ȻΪȥϹĹ̽һȥġ
񣿡
ʲô񣿡ؿʡ
ȣǵĻ񣬾ػȫҪ֮ǡҪҷˣʡ
ɫࡣ
Ŷ
һؿףû뵽˿ףȻҪʮҪػ׵İȫ
⣬Ҫ御ܵҵǡֻˣܹͻƿ磬Ϊһʥ֣
ؿһס
Цݲãʮָмضʡ
Ҷһ䣬Ϊ˿شӣ
ʵ˼ˣ޷Ҫ׵ӿҪ׵İȫҪѰǡ
ŸȥϹĹ̽ġ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ֪ǹĹԺܷɵµƿأǹؼеĹؼǹĹɵĴˡ
ζ˵
䣬ɵ΢΢һһؿסû뵽һ벽ʥȻǹĹܷɵµѹȣؼյĹؼ
һʱ䣬šüͷͷ˼
㿼ǵôˣ
ʳʵ
ãҴӦԸѰǣҽ߾ܵرİȫһ
ʶžƱûпһۣƺĻûеһ¡
װɵ㶣ı
ʮһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻưտڰ˵ٺʲôãҪǳĳذ壬ѪġĻɱȥϹĹ̽
Ѫģ
һжʱЩŭתͷһףֵ˵ͷãھѪġ
£ҧָͷ巢ҪѰǣһҪ߾ܵػ׵İȫ
Ҳǲ㡣Ҳ֪ҲֻǳʶôΪý尲ġ
Цݲãؿ


1889 
˽ͤУʡʮıãǽ˵һ¡
ˡ²˳٣ǸϽ·ա
վ΢΢һЦ
ǰڡվһ
һùĹɣȻһЩСܵ˵黹Ƿǳ˳ġ׵»
ڡ
ʵͷ΢Ц
£ʮˣԴӰ˽ͤзӶŰϯ
ʱ䣬Ӱʹ
Сģ㰲ˣҴϹĹг֮㡣
׵
Ҫ𣿡
СһʱˣУҲҪȥƺ׶һקס׵½ǣһײӦ;ֵļơ
ˣʱ޷ϹĹΣأȥĻҸûйչ㡣
Ϊѵ
УҾҪȥС죬գ۾ƺίҪ
׶ʱΪѡ
壬ʹСİաǴȥϹĹ·;ңԶСı
ȵϹĹ˵ƾͿˡ
˵ˣʵڲеĻ㻹Խ뱦У͵ˣӵа۰壬ûܹ˵㣬ڣСľԲһͷ
ʮɵȰ˵
Ҳáһ˵ͷ
Ҿָ֪ˡСĽЦʮ˸м֮顣
ʮһƺ«ʱعһڣƺ«װ˲ٵɾơ֮ǰʮƤشҪġ
ˣǳա
׵
ʮ˵ͷ

ɫؿʮ˽ūʮ˸ҷˣһҪȥִһǳҪǶҴ
ʮ˽ūһͦñͦ
ಣಣಣ
Сʮն𣬳ؾĳڴӶȥ
ϡ
һӣϡ
ʮ˸ūʵʵظĺ棬һɫϲѹֲסļ
ôˣлˡһǧѷĻᡣ
׳գǸҸӻҪһȺͰ𣿡
Ȼתͷһʮ˸ūʱһȥػֵѵİȫҪһëҾͽǵƤˡ
䣬ʮ˸ūȫһ㶣һЩ㲻״
Ƕͷ
Ϊʲôһת۲ô׵İΣˣ
Ȼзǳɻ󣬵ʮ˽ūΣһɿرǰظСĵ
ܿ죬һ˾ؾĳڴһȵض˹֮Уֻһתһ̣ԼУĹˣߵĵߣ׻գը
ʮСġʮ˽ū
ߣȥīǰϡ΢΢һЦһȵس޾֮С
ʮæػңʮ˽ūǴ粽ػСĵܡ
ţ
ڱ𣿡
ŽԼΧһȦʮ˸ūͷ
û
һͷǷ˵İȫ
ЩʧЦƾǣҲػҵİȫҡҡͷײ
ѽָ硣
Сҡ׵ĸۣЦеʮ˸һҲȫǷǿԸǳ䵱ڻҰһ׻Ǻôһ
䣬ʮ˸ūЩһѪ˳
ģʮ˽ūǳʥּ֣ľΪ컯ɾУҲһˣĺظױݻȻˣ
ܵǣСľȻǵûʲôõڻң
ʮ˽ūֱĶˡ

ʮһӣһɫĹâϯһ̣һɳİɫսƾճС
ףķ꣬ġս˵һƷʥĴڣ
СһǰսͲɵзŹ⣬
ս
׶ȥսĲӲӱ⣬ɵðͷ
ٺ٣ΪǼٸ·ʱ䣬⽫սˡ
һЦؿһ
һתͷȥװûпʮУЩĽġ
սһٶ֮죬硣
ϣʲô
СĺذԵ
ءʮ΢ͷһƨʱǡ
ǡ
СӵУʮһսĲֱӴ򿪣һ롣
1ػ֣
ʮһɫťʱɳİɫսΧֳһ͸Ĺ֡
žž
ٵĵ׻𣬳ײڹϣȫ׵
սķսΣ
վڻʮԣЦʵ
֮𡣡
ʮҡͷһЦٿսشӶȥֻҪԸ⣬ȫԼԦսɽ
СĲɵһЦ
¡¡¡¡
ԶǵĴһսе׵ˣȴԵøаȫС
ºشӰٿسսǰ
ǿ쿴īǰ׹ޣ
СһȥʱϳԶеӰ
ʮѭȥɵ΢΢һЦ
īǰ˭Ϊʲô׹޻һˣ
һĹŹɫ
ǡ
ʮսī׹޵ǰ򿪲š
壬Σ
īţһʱѯ̽ùĹɵ
΢΢һЦһһʮؽԼڹĹз齲һ
Ĺɵʴ˺ī벻ɵĻŭţЦúϲ£졣
ʥȪȵˣ
Ȼֱضī룬
ѪͳʥȪȡīתͷ΢΢һЦǽɣܹˣϣܹ졣
ģڣ岻һë

ī΢΢
ˣīǰѧ׹𣿡һȲѯʵ
ˣҲŸոѧһƤë
īͷ׹Ҫɬö࣬ȻֻҪѧţһëҲǳϦܹ֮ɹġ
ô죿
ʮüͷ𣬡㲻һͬǰϹĹ𣿡
īǰʱȣǿµ鲻áüͷš
ɡ
īƬ̧̣ͷһ׹ѧϰ׹壬˶״е׹壬ʱüĻҾȥϹĹλǡҪʱ̫ˣҾֱӻصڣš
Сһۣ΢΢ͷ
ȻˣҾףѧ׹壡īӵһ¡
īϣ쿪ˡûѧᡮɳ֮ǰ߲
׹ûбһī룬ֱӴӲзӶ
īεͷӰһӣϯ
£סʮīָ¡¡д׻֮С


1890 ռɽΪ
г֮׵ָ֮£սͺƷӶ⣬ӹӺɽ롣
ٶ֮죬׵ĻƽҪһء
Ȼˣսٿ죬ҲûаѪɫĻƽ硣
ʱȣսڻʮļԦ֮£Ѹ׼磬ûƬ̵ͣ١
СϷһ󣬾׵Ĵߴ£鲻ԸؿʼǱˣʵ
ϣԹԵҲᴧĦɱ־־־־
־׵½ɱС
Уڡɱ־־ϵ裬ѾΪڡ־ĴĦڳ׶Ρ
ʱƣת֮䣬һʱ͹ȥˡ
һ·֮ϣսڻʮļʻ֮£û˭ءżһЩ֪ޡʿսʮֻҪһ龳רϯܹ֪̾Ѷˡ
һգڻʮĺУһӱչ˹
壬Ѿָʾķнһʱ䡣ָ·ʮ
׵˵ͷá˵ţɢʶϸع۲ĻܵѰϹĹλá
֮׵ָ£սͣһƬӲĳɽϿա
ʱʮˣȫ˼ʻգһһҵվ׵ԡ
ǰһƬɽϹĹڵءָԶһƬɽ
ʮȫȥ
ţ
ʮüͷһ壬Щ죬壬˵ǰһƬɽ𣿡ʮָǰɽ㲻˵ϹĹڵɽһƬ˼Ļ֮ΪʲôǰɽͷģѾռɽΪˣ
᲻Ҵطˣ
٬һЦЦף컯ɾô󣬵ò̬Ҳʱ仯ҴطҲʵ
׳Ĭϸ鿴Ƭ̣һ϶ûҴطƬɽֻǲ֪ʲôʱƬɽ˸ռˡ
ҽһɲԤӿͷ
϶ԼûҴطϹĹڵɽǰԶ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʱ˸ռˡ
ҪռɽʿҲǼʶ֮ɽصϹĹǿɾʹ²ˡ
ˣһϹĹ˸ȵǣǿɾͰһˡ
Īš
ʮҡҡͷѰʦÿˮϳϹĹλãţҲ޷ƳĹ֣ϹĹ֮С
ԣһۣɵһ
ʮ˵û
ϳϹĹҪƳĹ֣뵽Ĺ֮ȥҲ̫ʵ
Ҫ֪ϹĹڴһĹ֣ĹһǳϷӵơѰѰʦܹƳġ
컯ɾܹаƳĹֵ󷨴ʦһֶֻĹ
ϣϹĹڵɽѾ˸ռˣ˵Ǻã
תͷʮ
ʮһͳһƺͷһڣȲҪݾߣȥ̽һ¶Էĵϸȷ˶Է߲֮١
ϣһС֮
һԵЦƾǵʵҪ˴£ֱӳȥﵨռɽΪļһһ򾡲ˣ
ʱϹĹȻǵС
Ȼ
ɣɡ
ʮҡͷûеԷĵϸ֮ǰһ©˷ҪȵƿĹ֣ϹĹûôˡ
׵˵ͷ˵СһΪáϹĹǳһ©˷컯ɾеĸ壬ȫҪһʱǵĴͲˡ
ðɣġ
ױ̬ˣȻΪҲûж˵ʲô
û취ڳ֮ǰʾежҪΪġ
вҲò׵ĵǲ
٣ȥһǻϣһļƻ׵
ãСġʮͷ
ǡ
ʱʻҵĲŴ򿪣СЦе˹ָ磬ҲҪȥ
ãһȥ
׵˵ͷСĲɳսԳԶɽӶȥ
գ
С뿪ãʮʹһӣս˱С
Ϣ
һʮ˽ū׷ԵϢһɽɽۡ
Ҫһ𣿡ʮһƺԹԵƷţܵʱͶĿ⣬ɵ΢΢һЦƺݸ
һһʮ
ƢŹ֣Ը߰ŲԸܻʮء˵ˣʮçĽ¶ƿڴûڲûдʮ͹ϵ


1891 Ҷ
ಣಣ
СĲУԼĪһӺ󣬾ϹĹڵɽϿա
⣬ռƬɽˣѾϹĹĴڡ
ɢʶ´̽ţΧǧɽ壬ȫһģɽϣѾһʱʿ
ΪʲôСĺؿס
ϴηϹĹʱ򣬹Ĺٿصɽ壬Χǧɽ塣
ҲˣƬɽеɽ壬ͬС죬ƫƫռƬǧɽ壬һоԲżȻ
׳
ˣҪǱ˸ȵˣɾʹ²ˡС¶̼֮ɫȻ˫һһգգضŲԶһƮġ
ָ쿴ʥȪȵġСĵ
ʲô
СģȷʥȪȵģ
ȻһһԾضȥϻһͷϹޣЩơ
Ȼĳ˵ʥȪȣȷľʥȪȵġ
С
ãҪʥȪȵռƬɽ͸ˡ
üͷһš
ʥȪȣǺߴ֮һͬʱҲ컯ɾ֮һʥȪȵˣɵһɽеһɵģˡ
ʥȪȵʿϹĹطɽҪƿĹ֣ϹĹ̽ͱüΪˡ
˵ǵĵͣ
Ȼһըװı쳹ţжʮʿڿն𣬾ԳСĵķӶ
СĶȥ˴ʥȪͳһʽװжʱ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ѣǿʥȪȵˣ׹˹֣ͷĺ󺺡󺺣ֻһԪʿĻ͸ֵһˡ
۹⡣
󺺰ȻͷСӣȻ֪ʥȪȵΪλڴ˶ͲǽǧУ
׵ȻһЦʥȪ˺ߴ֮һԶݷãϣܹʥȪ£ΪʥȪȵһԱ
Ŷ
󺺿һףתͷһСģٿһ˰ֵλ뿪ʥȪˣֻһ塣˶ûѪͳͲҪʥȪˣ
Ļˣѳȫ
ײĵ
СӣѾ˵ˣǲˣҪپݣͱҲˣ
üͷ壬в
ԣϵĺЦݶʱɢתͷСһЦ
ӴҵҪܰ
Сһź󺺡
㣬ǡ
ϢһϣһζЦݵСģжʱЩ飬󳷼ʹһɫ
Ϯ
еϮ
ʱʿ̺һ˿Ԫ쳹ǧɽ塣
һʱ䣬ɽĶУ½ɳӰڵسС˸Χ£
ʲô飿
һֳȣ۵꣬վȺ룬
Ҷʦ֣˵ҪʥȪ£ôȰ˵ǶԸȥҾǿ϶Ļ졣
󺺹񣬹
Ŷ
ֳȵбһСģСĵ΢ͣһ󣬽ţЦһȶеȣҪʥȪ£
뷨ʥȪȶһҷھû뷨ˡ
ЦȫһǷı顣
Сӣ̫ˣ
ֳȵԲȻŭȴûڵһʱ֣ǿͷŭŭ컯ɾ֮Уû˸ʥȪȡھʮҹϴ󷢴ȱһ·ĻҶһְ취ȥȴ޿κΣ
ҪǸоԼʵ棬㵽סǺǣһףҶӲ˵ջҪʵ񣬲ȻĻҲһȷѪꡣ
ҶȻϹһĨΨҶ
СıҶĳƨЦˡ
˺ð׳հСתͷ˵
ͦ׳յġص˵ͷ
㣬ǡ
ҶɫǺ죬ͽУһһԳɱ
ҶһʥȻ㲻ʲôʥ۾ΪܹҪСʥҪǿöࡣ
벽ʥҶûз
ԣҶֵĵһʱ䣬Сģס

׵ͺһݲǰһһ֦ϵëʾͳУʼ˸ŰĹâһͲǷ


1892 ©֮
⣡
ֻһͺȣᶶеķʶʱɷдһɫġ⡱֡
⡱ָһΣ̺һεķ֮𵴣ԳҶҶȥ
飡
Ҷûԥһ˷֣Ҫӽֱ׵Դ
ֻһ죬ķ֣ٿػûķģ˲佫ҶСɲǼ䣬ҶоԼ̶֮УжüΪ
ãҶʧʶȻΪʱ
ͣ
͵һצϯֱӽҶĸ۸Ӳ˺ʱѪ귭ɡ
أҵֱۡҶҺһ
飡
һ֣͵š˦ȣͺһաһֱӽҶ߷˳ȥֻһ죬Ҷͺһɳһصؽײһӡ
Ҷʦ֣
Ҷʦ֣
ʱΧļʿȫʧǣһ׷ɢ
׷һսЩʥȪȵˣȫ˵Ķҳǰȥ׶֣
һȻʹҶʦȫ޻֮Ҷʦֿ쾳ʥ
ļһߵˣ
ӰգҶʦֶĶ֣ǳȥֻķˣ
ʿĻ֮󣬷׷׳˷Ӵܶȥ
ӣ
ҡͷһЦѪɫգ
𣬺𡭡
ʱǧɳѪɫһצطӶһ־˻ĴӴܵʿ
˵еѪɫǳѾڶʿ˵οһѪɫ
һʱ䣬ĴӴܵʿֻ޵ȣûƵӴ
ಡ
еҶ˵壬Ҫʩչ˭߿еһΣһ̣ƾճҶǰҶ¶һĨζЦ⣬Сӣղ˵ʲôţ
ҪҹϴʮĻһְ취һȥ
ҡͷһЦЦԽԽãҶУȴԽԽˣźһϲΪڵ˶֡
˵ţ͵һצӳֱסҶĲӣһֻСһڰУ˫̧棬ֻͿҶһغ
Ҵˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ
Ҷŵ˫ȷɫ԰ףæýʣһֻ֣ƴسԼգž죬һ׵úͷһƤѪ
ЩʧҶһɣ䶪˵ϣţҿһǣʶ֮һʶӣӴĸԸطΪˣҶ˲ˮǰ󡣡
ңҡ
Ҷɫ䣬˶鲻Խض
Ϊ׵ūͣЧһˣ
κ˵޷ܵʵ
ôĻ׾ͻὫնɱԲҶܹܵʵ
ҶĽƣͷ£Ķʮ־ҡ
ԶİѪɫɽɱһͼӴܵʥȪȵɡ˺飬һҺص֮䣬ġ
׿ҪʧȥĵʱҶͨһڵأسҡҶԸΪūͣЧ
˵ţǶ˵Ĺһͷ
ã
һӣһŽ͸ʶӾͷӶҶȥҾʶһʶӣһз֮ģܹ̾Ӷʶӣʶ飬һغ
Ҷʶ׵ʶԼʶ֮УӴƿ׵С
ԶһɽϣʮһˣĿתض׵˵սԭ֮ɫ˲ɢ
ռƬɽļһʲô֡һ˾ܹɨˡ
ʮһھƣ𣬳սӶȥ
Ǻǣ˵ˣֱӽǸһ򾡾ˡαýðȥ̽Էĵϸ
ЩرԹһ䣬ʮ˸ūڿն𣬷ս
̶̵һʱ䣬СѪɫֹͣս׵ԡ
ɵƯ
һӣֱӽѪɫ˱С
ָ磬еʿȫˣû©֮㣡СЦ
á
͵ص˵ͷɽеĶûѰ
Ѱʮ飬Ӧò˴ƤӵߡСŵ
΢΢һЦ
Ҷ絶ʣڵأ
졣
ײͷصͺһ
ҶæҴ
塣
ʮʮū׵ǰ
ܵɼΪǿϢҶһ̧ܵͷ͵һۣһ̣ŵС඼Ҫˡ
Ȼ龳ĸ֣


1893 Ԫ
ϣǰ
׳Żʮ˵ͷܵƬɽʥȪȵ˸ռˣƺѾɽصܡ˶ں֮ڣҶ֮⣬Ѿɱ˸Ƭײ
ʥȪȵˣ
ʮȫ΢΢һɫЩࡣ
Ҷöҩ
һףһöѪ󻹵Ҷ
Ҷǰһæ鵤УԹԵϥʼˡ
һҶ۾ֱѾ˳˵ľ״̬ȻЩήҲ
㣬ɷ֪Ƭɽصܣ
ʵ
ܣʲôܣҶһͷ
ˢˢ
ʱƵһͶҶŵҶ͵һ£æŶҺˡƬɽУһĹ
ʮɵһЦ
ȻʥȪȵ֮ԻռƬɽǷϹĹżȻΪ֮
ʲôĹأ
׼ʵ
ҾͲ̫ˡ
Ҷʵ˵ҲֻǷƬɽȴ峤ϴ飬ҾͲ̫ˡ
峤ϣĸ峤ϣ
ʵ
峤ϱԪ࣬ʥȪȵһʵȨϣΪɫ룬һ龳֡
Ҷش
Ϊε֮ôĹģСʵ
򼸸ʥȪȵսʵģڻȥ·ϣ峤ϲ˵뵣Աͣһ̽û뵽Ȼһ峤˵˵һĹأڴķΨ󣬲ܽĹ̽ԱҴһش˵أȻصʥȪȥԮˡ
Ҷһһʮ
΢΢ͷĿǰҶĻʮƣƾĻԣ峤뿪ˣ
ʮȫҶѡ
һĹ⾰ˡ
ҶƬ̧̣ͷ˵
һ룿
пһתͷʮϣһʱ䣬峤ܷصʥȪȣ
ʮɫصҡҡͷ֪峤һ龳۷徳ĸ֣ȫ·ĻҹЪòһܹصʥȪȡѾȥһʱ䣬룬峤Ҫһ̲Ъظ·ĻпѾڻ·ˣңʱпܻصط
סСĵɫ̫ÿ
峤ϹΪ龳۷徳ĸ֣Ȼ˹Ĺ֣ȴ޷ԮΪ֮ϡ
ǣݹʥȪȣΪܹ峤֮ϵģֻв𾳽ļ󻤷ˣ


ݺݵһڣҪʥȪȵĻǵĴɾΣˡ
ʮҧҧû취֮ƣֻ󣬽ϹĹ̽ȡʥȪȵԮִ֮ǰϹĹѹһաҪһʥȪȵԮǾҪˡ
û
ͷͬ
ȽҵıһʱȻᴫ㡣׿һҶһӣһεϯֱӽҶ
ȵȡ
Ҷæѯʣˣһ֪أ
ҽףƺΪ˾ˡײͷ
ಣ
һ̣Ҷͱױ˱챦С
²˳٣̶ա׿ʮλ֡
ã
ʮƺԷɽϿգʼʩչѰѰҹĹֻ֡ʮն˫һ⣬Ĭдʣ΢ḧ졣
ϣͱˡ
ͷ෢һçĽһɽ֮ش󣬺һ⣬һ˾ˡ
ʮأĬдʣǧɽпŹĹ֡
Сġʮ˽ūվһԣһѣ˺ˮ
һΣܷ˳ϹĹ̽ȫʮܷɹˡ
ʱһһţһʱ֮󣬻ʮأĬŻɬѶڡ
͵һӣçĽ۳һʮ￪һɽ塣
䡭
ֻһ챬죬çĽĺ֮£һɽ˲ѿΪĲƬ
ţ
ǰҵƽ֮׾ϲصɴ˫
¡¡
һ̣𶯣Χǧ޷壬ƶͺһϵһ
ʲô
ʮƿڴһûн̵·Ħ͸ΪξͶˣ
ЦϣѰ̫㽫ֿһһĦ͸ʥȪȵԮ͵ִ˵ˡ²˳٣ݲõ飡
ģڣ׾٣
һȻ


1894 
˵ţٶָɽٿָʮ￪һɽ塣
䡭
¡¡ǧɽ壬δָƽһ죬ڶɽͱçĽˣ
ʱǧɽƶٶȣ˲һΡͺǧöӣһߣ·۸ӣԿ·
³çļһ
ʮ߷ߵسһۣٶȳзɿĬдʡ
ȻѾʼˣʮȻûֵͣĴ㡣
ԶСĽ¡¡ǧɽ壬ŵֱð
ҪǧɽУȺ׼ȷҳʮɽ壬̸ף
׸пǧа̾ϢȻӵѰۣ㾡ȫҲܹҳһöӣӣҲҲˡ
֪ǰǷܹһҳʮöӣ
촽¡¡ɽ塣
ȥ̳죬йʯҶڵҳ
顭
߶çĽϵƶɽ֮䣬ûһ˿ԥغһɽ塣
ƺӴıըÿһըһɽƾըѣΪĲʯ
С˵ŹĹһһƽ⡣ֻҪʮöȫҳô׾ܹԸԳؽĹ̽ˡ
Ѿжʮɽ屻ˣʮöӣܹɹƳĹˡ
׵ĺ鲻Խؼ
ȻСĵ֮УƽֵٶȣȴԽԽ˶ʮɽ֮Ҳ֧Ųס۵һӿһɺѪˮ˺ͿһήҲ
¡¡
ǧɽȻһ̲ͣƶţʱƣƶٶԽԽ
ָ磬쿴Ϻˣ
СŵС԰ס
ţ
׶ȥɵüͷһɲԤС
ǰѾ͸֧˻¿ˣתͷ𽥷ٶȵһɽ룬ƤһҪǹĹֵӣȫֹͣƶôĹֵʮöӣͻᱻáʱ޳֮ǰŬˮһա
͵߬˫ȭһض
ʲô
еֹͣƶʮöӾͻᱻã
Сʧ
˵һηǳġҪǹĹֱõĻҪһҵʮöӣɾûôˡ
УԲܰ;ϣ
һҧ˲òǵѪ͵صͺһ߶çĽɽߣѰһöӡ
ʱһһعȥÿһÿһ룬˵ꡣ
ģΪͻȻ˷ˣ
ǧö֮УĻþ̽
ʶɢǧƶɽ壬оͷѡ
þ
лþǰʶ𣿡
΢΢һšüͷһ޷˵سççɽӶȥ
ָ磬ҪСȻһæק׵䡣
һ׵½Ǳ˺׽Ųͣһͷţһ̳֮С
ָ̫嶯ˣ
Ĺں󷨣ֻҪߴһֲ̻ܿķɣңԽ󣬷Խֲ
Сᵽɤۣʱ˿̣СԴУûʲôڹĹϹĹͷ׵ӰȫռĿ˫ֺʮײҪ⡣
ಡ
ܿ죬׾ͳԡ
ǰ״һ
Ƴڷӵ֮Уû׵ĺִ˼ֱ㶵ģȻûʲôӦ
𵴣ǧɽݺύƶٶԽԽˡһֹͣôĹеʮöӾͻᱻá
þΪʲôôĻþҡͷԣͷˮ৶䡣һΣЩӰе档
ǰ
׻æݲǰһѲסʵû°ɣ
ʱȻѣľګתͷԵף촽أͣöӣȫڸĻþУҡò׼
þô
׵ϵǰңɽһöӣܹæ
һƺΪŭ͵һѽ׸ƿƺһСʵ̫֪ߵغˡ
˹ؼʱ򣬾Ȼҡ
ҡ
Ҫͼ䣬ʶرͣۿŹĹ־Ҫ챻ãĽƣþͺȹϵϡ


1895 
ʱһһţ˫Ѫ񲻶ϵɽ֮ߣжһһöӡ
ʶԣȻûиɽɣѾУҳɽ塣
£ױȫʩչѰۣɽ塣
ɽ޷壬ɽ⣬һɵ֣ȥֻۻңڻ֮ʧȥжϡ
˵ʵҲԽɱΡ
ѰۣųܹһмӹѰ۵顣
ԣʱ䣬׾ͿеĻжϡ
ģѵҪһ𣿡
оʱȣܿ־Ҫãɵھ١תͷԶնĻʮѰʮİ
Ȼʮ˫գĬдʣƺȻֵ·֮УûҪԮ˼
ǰ
ȻĿ⣬гؿ޴Ѿ˻ҳһöӣ
ţ
΢΢һΪջתͷ׷һۣ壬Ѿǳˣ㲻Ҫһٶսҵĵߣ
ѵ⣬治ɫƶ˵ǰ֪һطܹƻҵĹ۲£ɽУֻһɽɢϹ⣬뵣ڲƺ
ɵƤһתͷò˼ף˵ʲô㿴ɽУһɽɢϹ⣿
֣µص˵ͷ
㵵صɴ˫һʱЩϲ£졣
˲֪֪Ĺֵʮöӣֻ֡Ѱǳܹƽⷱӵƣ⡣
һƽ˶ʮöӣѰҵڶʮöӵʱƿû뵽ʱ׾ȻԮ֡
壬ûиҿЦ𣿡˦˦ͷһضס
֣صص˵ͷ
ã
ק׵ĸۣߴٵңһɽɢϹ⣿
׺ԥָžʮ￪һɽ塣
壬ɰڴһ٣ϣûиҿЦ
ȥָɽ壬۲ɽ֮һ˵ͷ׵жϣһѡ
û취ǧöӵƶٶȣԽԽȥֺܿͻᱻá
ҪǽƾоɵĻҲֻ֮һĸʡ
һء
ƣ
ٿأͺһ߶çĽһʱ䳯žʮ￪һ߷ȥ
䡭
ֻһ죬׸ߵɽ壬Ȼ˿ɰʯ׷ɲͣ
ȫᵽɤ۵λá
¡¡¡¡
һ̣ԭѾٶȵǧɽ壬ٿٶȣٶ˴۸ӵ·֮С
ɡɹˣһĭЩԶա
ص³һһʱ˲١
壬ȻЩ͡
תͷһ͵׵ļ򣬽žٵ˵͸һлһ֡
ã΢΢һЦ
ȫ߶çĽڴ۸ӵɽߣѰŵʮöӡ
䣡䣡
׵İ֮£ܿ˾ҳ˽öӣˣѾʮһöӱҳˣֻʣöδ֡
ۡ
ٿһΣǱͿһɫ԰ֽѪ
ǰֲסʵô
ҧأȻľѾҪݽߣµֻһţζԸ෴ԽԽ
ԽѶȾԽ󡭡֮ǰС˹Ĺ֣Щ³çˡ̾һǿ߶çĽ
ʱһ˵ĶĤְͣաѾ·ȫĦͨ͸ˣ󣡡
ȫ־ϲѭȥֻʮɶϹһĨŵЦݡ
ϣɲҪܡЩˬضŻʮкܲζ
ʮЦЦؿһתͷٴ壬ܲڵڶʮöӵʱҲ鷳㣬·һƽ
΢΢һЦΪԼܹṩο
ƣ
ʱʮָһһʱָϯգϰ￪һɽ塣
¡¡
޷Ӧ飬ٶȱô۸ӡ
飡飡飡
ʮֽŲͣ˳ҳ˽öӣ˳һؽ顣
ˣʮöӣֻʣһöˡ


1896 ֮
ĹܹǧöӣҪ󣬱ǧöҳʮöС
ңԽѶԽ
۷徳Ѱ컯ɾܹᲢ۵ָ
ǣҳʮö֮Ҳƿҿ׼ʱԮǿҳʮһöӣ
ˣҲǲöӣ
ʱѾե˾Ϊ̡
Ȼֻʣöӣ֪ʣµöӣĹؼ
һöӣ
ҺãʱʮճһƳöӣֻʣһöӣ
ʱȫضŻʮ
ǳӡ
ϣʮܹɹҳһöӡֲԸʮ˷ͷν֮
ԶСʮ˽ūҲ˫ֺʮš
ܵͶĹĿ⣬ʮһķ絭ᣬתͷɵ׵ǰһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻư壬ϾҪҳһöӣƳĹˡ֪ĹķԽԽǿֲԣһһ
ʮǲûаգҪûаյĻ
ԴЦһ
ʮôס
á
׺ԥص˵ͷ
ߣ
ʮ֣˲УһɿƶɽϿա
ʱ򣬻ʮ壬Ҹ㣬ĹԶԶҪֲöࡣ˳ҳһöӣɹǹĹڲͬͷųһ
ʲôҴӣŻܷ𣿡׵ɴ˫
ʮҡͷһЦҲҲһöӣǰʮöȫȻͬҵȷӣһĹڣܷͬɣҲ֪Ϣ͵͵ҵġ
Ŷ΢΢һǰΪʲôϢ߸ǰ
ʮһͳһƺ˵عһӣЦˡ
ҲˣǸԿԼԦˡӣϹĹֲ̽ô
ԣŽҪϢ͵͵߸ҡΪľл磬ǵĵǲ
ʮص
ײɵʧЦһҡͷп
ȻΪĹɵԴʮλʵȨϵ̬ϣԵĲġ
ϣһöӵķ֮ж󣿡ʵ
ʮɫ࣬жǿҲһҸҿ϶Ĺķ֮Ժɱһ𾳸֡
ңһöӵķ֮˵ϢԶܡ
ʮ
䣬ײɵõһԼĶ䡣
һöӵķ֮Ժɱһ𾳸֣
һʱ䣬Щû˳һٺʮöˡ
ڲ֪£óȻ˵ʮöӣ̼ͻᱻĹķ֮ɱ
ϣģڣܰˡ׵
ʮЦŵ˵ͷƺȻѰһöӵڡ
ʱһһţһӺ󣬾ϾҪõǰһ̣ʮ˫ٿһָӳ
͡
ֻһĽգԶһɽ塣
¡¡
һ̣еɽӦɽڲһâЯԿܣ͵سŻʮķ
͡
ڻʮֵͬһʱ䣬׾˺գתаǴķ壬ֻʮ
ԣâƿնʱ̣ʮһΣ֮Сռѷ˲޸ռָƽȡ
Ҫ
ã
Сʮ˽ūȫľԶҲɴ˫Ȼӿ졣
¡¡
â˲ʧĿ꣬ʱƵȼڵһӦը˿
̼䣬޾񳱣˷ϯ޷ڿֲ񳱵ϯ֮£Ӧ̮
ȣ
⧲æ֧Ż֣ھ̫˲ٵĳɫ԰ףȫ
ģɽѣһӵʱ䣬ƽϢ
ˣ
ָ硭
Сʮ˽ūԶշӶܿ죬ԣһ꺮ů
͡
ʱ˺ѣϤӰϯʮ
ɹˣ
ڳɹˣ
ʮӶЦ
ָ磬ˡСһףͳǰק½ǣкŭ
΢΢һЦ԰˼䡣
ӴĴϣôˣ
ʮתͷɫҰ׵شӦðղŹĹķ֮ǱģҶûˣһֵˣȻܵˣ


1897 ص¥
ôӵۡ
ԣʮ֮Ҫ׸֪з֮ǻʮȴûи߸ȻǰҪܡ
ڻʮЦĿУȻвʣȴҲֻôʡ
Ȱ´βҪóȻ£ǵĵǲȻĻҪʲô鷳ɱû㡣
ʮ䱾ڿ
񣬹ĹѾƳѾˡʮԴ̬ȣҲҪĮࡣ
ǺǣġĮһЦһͳѪ󻹵ǳԶһС
ò˵อѰʿܹᲢۡ
ϹĹڣֻάְʱĹ⾰ʱ֮ڴĹĹͻ
ʮһ۲ԶڣߴһǻǸϿĹա
ã
Ǵ˵еϹĹڴ
Сȫһļ
ಡ
£ʮСġˣԷڴ
ڶѵɽʯУԿһϰɷԲĵѨѨ֮ðҫ۵ı⣬һ֪ڲһؾ
ϣ
ʲôʮȵˡ
ʮ˽ūػڴ
ߣ
СġʮһԾ˵Ѩ֮Уתʧ١
ʮ˽ūҲûһ˿һԥ˵Ѩ֮С
ܿ죬һȫ˵Ѩ֮С
Х̳׷ɣԼĪʱ֮󣬾˵һĻˡһĴ߶£ѨڲıⰵԶǧɽ壬ɿƶʮʱ䣬ָֻһӲɽ
һת֮׸оǰһ˫ʱ򣬷ԼһƬ֮أȥǻɽԭΧÿ£ûһ˿磬ûκεУĻڵģصľͷҲڵģУǱ˸˵һһѹָС
ʲôط
ɢʶԼʶֻܹ伸׵ķΧȲԼ۾Ͷ֮䣬Ҳһǿӳϣǧء
ѹֵĵط컯ɾҪֲٱ
ʮ־ػһ󣬷Էпһ
һΪϹĹһһ뵣ɽˮķˮءû뵽ȻһѨ֮С
Щʧһ
ߣҿûʲôʮ
׵ͷ˵ϲռ䱦ϹĹеƷԲٲŶԡ
˵ţһ˴ǵسǰɱȥ
ȻΧһƬڣһ˵⡣ÿһ˵۾жһ⣬˺֡
⡭
ڻҰϴ󲽷ɱܵѰűȻС죬ûκεķ֡
УǲܹĿĵѰĹ
ʮǱҪ׼һС
׵ͷ̧ͷԶƽϵһɽȥɽҿɡ
ͬ⣡
СĵͷڻҰбС죬˻ĲݾɳûʲôҪڻҰм˭֪ʲôʱǸͷ

ٿأʮһӣսٻ˳
ǡ
Ŵ򿪡
סСġʮ롣
һԥҲս֮Сʮ˽ūһظ
¡¡
ڵҹĻ£ս¡¡쳹Ұ
ܿ죬ս;ԷԶɽ
ԸܹϹĹҵǣҪȻĻҾֹֻڰ벽ʥˡ
߬ȭͷΪ
ָ磬İɡϹĹǴɽһؾڲ϶ǵģڣΪԶǶС
Сİο
Ը˰ա׵ͷһЦ
ɡ
ȻһĹֽ쳹ϡͳ죬ѻڵҹĻ£˲ɵëȻ
ʲôڽУ
΢΢һ
ʮˣ׷׳ʻգ̽
ȻŹֵؾУ˵ʶ޷俪ƾۣʲôر֮
֡
ʮղŵһֽУ񲢲ǴĳطģֱӴĵðġ
ԣСġһϸһ룬ȫһ亹
ʮ˵û
ղŵһֽУ洫ֱֽ˵Ժ֮С
׵طǵʶǲ˶ĵط˽ǿ϶
ǻʲôСЩŵ߬׵½ǡ
п顭
ʮĬãȻûɵ˵һëȻĻ


1898 ȻѨ
飿
СĲɵ
ڵգʱЩѹ֣š
Ȼſ׼ϵİҹħٿΪ֮һųͷзһ̵ֻĹֽ
ҹħôˣ
׺ؿҷİҹħ
ҹħûףԹԵڴ˼Ȧ㬵䵽׵ļϣ쳣
밵ҹħͨһ
Сĺؿ׼ϵİҹħҪָҹħ飬εѡ˷
Ƭ̺͵صһɫ÷ǳѿ
ָ磬ҹħʲôˣСʵ
ҹħƺһּа飬Ȼ֪ʲôڰϵоҡͷЦҹħң϶зǳаڰȰҸϽ뿪ط
ҹ飿Сɫһ䡣ʿ˵ʲôޡΪ档Զԣڰ飬ëȻĴڡ
ʮƶпڰ˹ֽУСľѾǳˡ
ҹħķӦ֤ʵ˻ʮ۶ϡ
㲻ʲô飬Ҳʲôаİҹ顣
õģǱǿ׳ʲôҹ顣ο磬ʵû㹻ʵڰֽУҲܹŻŻˣûʲôʵЧԷʵĻͲöڰˡȫͷ¶棬ö֮ؽЩԴĹ߸ȥ͵شҲȫԡ
װͷʾͬ
лʮ龳۷ڣݹ컯ɾܹһ˲вĵطǲࡣԣûбҪη塣
СһеĿ־ʱɢ˲٣ɫȻ̫ÿ
ɽǳѸսҲʱ˳ִһƬɽϿա
ǡ
ʮ򿪲ţ
ȥһƬ׸ߵɽ壬һһһֱߣһͷ
ֵһǣеɽǻɽݲͺͺģӸ߿и£еһذ
ȥ׵
ʮһһػԣһɽɽ֮ϡ
֣֣
Ȼʮҡͷͺ
ôˣϡʵ
ʮûףԹԵؾĿԶƬ֮תͷԿԵ㷢𣿡
ɫصص˵ͷ
СԽͿˡ
ʮڸʲô
ܵСĺ񣬻ʮɫ쳣ص˵Ҹղų鿴һƣзƬɽ룬γһȻѨ
Ѩ
΢΢һ㶣ѹƬɽݲԭһѨ
ϣ˵Ѩ᲻ķĹСĺ
пܣ
ʮɫصص˵ͷȻһתͨ˵Ĺ޽ڷˮϼѵĵطرһЩŨķˮأ޽Ĺĺõطٻ˽Ĺ޽ѨУˣҲᱻжֻأԳѡ
š
ȻϹĹ϶ʬǣΪʲôķĹ޽һȻѨ֮У
ûе
пһ
üͷ
ȷˡ
˵УϹĹڴһĹ֣ΪľǷֹ˽ϹĹУꡣ
Ӵ˵ϹĹȻһ츣ķˮء
ǣеģȴһȻѨ
ϣʲô뷨
ѯʮ뷨
ʮʼ򣬵ҾΪȲҪǰѨĴУҪƻѨĽṹ
ѨʬǵĻţΧɽڳ֮£϶ɱԣȴӽµɽʼѰ
ʮ˵ſԵѯ뷨
Ĭûгʾ
Ȼ֮ǰĽѵѾ÷ˣʮа塣

һ˵ʱЦ˻æɢҪ̽ɽѰ
ƣ
һӣһâֶ˦˽ڵʯϡ

ֻһĽ׽³һԼߵѷ졣
ʲô
ҵֵȻֻôѷ죿
׾㵵˫ʧɽʯǳ͡˵ţӵϼһ鼦Сʯͷһ
飡
ֱôеʯӦΪĩ
ּӲȣ꾫ضˣһп


1899 ᱦ
һȥ
Ǹӣһ˰˰֣ҪԿɽ壬Ѱ
Сġʮ˽ūæڿնܲ
ʮշһǵòҪɽṹֻһھ㹻ˡ
ͷһڻʮոڿնĵڣȲһƻ¡
͡
һƻӳ˲һĽââ̺һ˿çĽ˲ɽڲɣֱһͨ
ʱһӫɽڲɢҫ۶Ŀ
ͬʱһɵˬ

նףʶڵһʱ䷢ѷڲɢӫ⣬ʱ־ϲ
ٺ٣ҵһء
ʮʱԡ
Сġʮ˽ūҲɽۡ

һӣһεʹѷоһʯ׵С
һ鴿ȷǳߵĿʯɢŨͺһ龧Ө͸ʯ
ô裡
˷ܵĦеĿʯֿʯĴȣǳߣѵõļƷ룬һɽڲӦþܹг衣
ʮ㡣
ʮȫһЦֿ˻
ϣǰǻʲôϽʯաȲش˫֡
ʮЦ˵ͷ
ЩΪȻҾòҪʱˣʯ飬ȫԵȵȥ֮˵
ڣҾͽɽҵıڲ
˵ţʹ߶çĽʼɽ塣
ţ
Ȼʮһ˵ֲǲ֪ĵһȻѨƶɽ壬ƻѨĽṹʱһѨʲôǺã
ϣʲôʱˣҪѨڲķӡʲôֵ
ģڣԲýˡ
ں˵
Ϊһ۷徳ĸ֣ʮ̬ȡ
У
˭룬ʮ̬ȷǳļᶨҪɽҲֲ
㡭ʲô˼
ҧҧ΢΢˫
ʮζһЦüë˵ѾǳˣҪظˡ
ֻҪס֮ǰĻ
ʮʮ΢΢°ͣﲻ˵㣡
ϢһϣΪ޵תͷһס
׳Ĭ
ʣǻʮִĻװٷ֮һվڻʮͷġ
ãáϣ֣
ʧЦЦаڵҹĻ˲ɵøоëȻ
ʮòЦЦתͷף壬㽫ɽ뱦Уȳȥ֮ʯ
һɣϵص˵ͷ
Ȼʮڰȡ档
̺ɽ壬˵ĻȴϹĹгȥ֮ҲԲὫó׻߻ʮ
ǻص˹ĹɣóսƷϽɸţҲȫƾԼԸ
ϾΪϣʲôʱʶȨʵġ
ȣ
׵ͺһ߶Ԫûһ͸ɽ壬ҪɽֱӰ
¡¡¡¡
İζ֮£ɽ嶼΢΢ҡò˵ϹĹеǳֲ컯ɾΧشҪ߳ϰٱ
Ҫһ׸ߵɽ壬ΪѾ
ϣæȥǱ߿
ɫسĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷ˵
ţ
ʮ΢΢һæ˵ҪȥĶˣ߾ȫİȫղϹĹҪְأ
ѹҡ
мһתͷԶҲˣڸûʲôΣաȫûбҪغڽԡ
˵ˣھͶܹ֮˺գò
˵žڿնʮ˽ūӶ𣬽ĽŲ
վסʮôӵۡ
ˡ
һЦʮ˽ūգۼͷԶˣûץʱѰĻһʥȪȵִ˵أҪȥɾˡ
ļһʮҧгݣһضš
ϣҡͷһЦοʵǰ˵Ҳûеʱȣǧܹ飬ΪʥȪȵʱпܳǵǰ
ߣһҵʲô˽Զˡ
ʮһԺҾпܴӮˣ
ԣСĲɵ
ӻʮĿжϣƺ֮䣬Ҫһսʮ֮Բж뿪֮ײȫҵʲôʹսӶѹסʮ


1900 
׸оֺЦֺ
ԭΪʮڹԼȫǧټƵҪʮ˽ū
ƺʮں׵İȫǺҵʲô˽ԾΪУһʮͲĶˡ
ò˵ʮ˽ĵġ
ǺȻƾʮ粻֮࣬Ǻ˵ġʵϣ¹ĹɵҲδػӡ
شءشء
Ȼһٵ죬ɽڲ˿ͬʱɽ嶼޹
ʲô״ˣ
Ҫɽף·ǲʲôæͣɽϵһѷ졣
֨֨֨֨
ȻһеɽڲԴĤ֮Уʮȫ΢΢һ
ɽڲжʮɫһ׵ǰ
顭
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
׸ߵɽϣһʱĿһֻֻһѪɫ𣬴Ӷ֮ųӶ
գ֮䣬ֻɽ
ǡ
ʮȥɵΪ֮һǴ˵еĹ𣡡
𣿡
һɻʱɽΪ˴ĶѨһֵɽ̮ȥɽڲ֮УŴѪɫһССĶѨ֮Уƺڳ˯
ȻЩɽڲ˯飬ǿһ߳˯һġ
ûϵ˯֮ͣȻҪȺϳһˡ
һȳʬ飬ƽʱʬʢʪĵطҪǲҵرҧһڣ̾ͻжĶһ־綾ܹɿظʴһ˲ֻþ
⣬һı죬ܹʿĻǡΪʿ˹ͻᱻɵһɶһ߸ʬ
ʮһϾ
ʲô˿ֲ
׵һٿ񣬶ʱһ˿أȻֱܹʿĻǣ
ҿɲ뱻ֳªҧһڡСһźҷĹ
֨֨
ʱһֻƺǷһˣֽǰಣٶȼ죬ڰһѪɫĲӰƺ˲Ҫɱ˵ǰ

ʮָһһĽƫеػ˹𣬽һжʧȥƽ⣬׹ء
ǿϧõȻ̣ˡ
װ̾һ
ʮҡͷһЦ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ׻˵⸣֮У˵δزһ¡
ΪʮڰοԼûпڽӻ
ʮ΢΢һЦƺµ׵뷨ҸǣÿһֻڣһѪӡһַǳĶмУҩƳ֮ڷã츳ϴ裬Ļǡ
䣬СĲɵ־ϲ
ҩѪӣ
Ѫҩ֮ƳĳƷҩܹʿԼ츳
Ҫ֪ϴ衢츳ҩƷΪĵҩˡ
ΪҪϴ裬Ļһ˵ĸǣǷǳѵһ顣
츳ѾǳڵʿҪԼ츳ٳ߸ͷһ͸ϼѡ
ڵѪӣȻ鵤ҩСȫϲ
ȻѪǻŸʲôϽѼѪӰգ
׻Ϊǧٿ׵еʧһ˵Ѫӵļֵʱ˾񡣵Ҫֲɱ
壬Сġ
һҪСġٶ죬ֶգ֮ĹսȰ벽ʥߡĹ𣬶г˯֣ʵӦòʥߡ
Ҫ벶ɱǣǧҪעΧȦ
ʮ
ڻʮǰֵһᡣնɱ𣬶ڻʮ˵һֻһסС˵ȫͬˡ
С֣µص˵ͷҵġ
ɱ
ʮ߶ڽ͵Ĺ֮У֮ĹӸ߿׹ڵأ
ಣಣ
Сͬ£һȺȥ
СģעûСǧһٽɱȺ𣡡

ã
СǰһŲһ٣һξ룬д߶Сǧ
ɣСһǣ
˳˹ȺУһٻħƽצ׼ɱ䡣
֨֨֨֨
һ˲䣬ϰֻףȥֻоһѪɫâӰզࡣ


1901 ǣ
顭
ƹȣػеħƽצצӰ֮һֻֻӦ飬׹ڵء
ϰֻͬʱӵÿһֻ͹׶˫ȭѵֵ֣Щ
ʱ䣬׵Ļ־ڹΧ֮£𵴣ʱпѿ
ʱһͳХ׵ϯ
𡭡
ʱ׵壬һ㰵ɫĹâ֮УƤ֮һϽۣ˲佫˵ǣϥǡ⡢ؽڵλãмĹǴ̡
Ͻۣ
ޣ
ó״̬µףһͷ۲۵ҰޣػħƽצڰշתŲצ֮һƬһƬĹΪĩ
ಣಣಣ
׽̤ӡڰݺأȻڶ࣬ҪΧȴҲ̫ס
ʱһƽ

͡
ĿСģȫ߶ڵСǧ̼䣬ĽϰֻУɱ
գ֮䣬˳ɱʮֻ
Ҫ֪ЩʵԪʥߣ
Сĵ͵Ϯ֮£˲䱩ʮֻ
ԲСһŮӣܹ˲ͷų˿ֲĽ
۽Сһˣϰٸʿˣ
ͻıʣеĹȫʧɫҲΧף׷׳˷ɢзһĲҽ
ٺ٣ܣ
ҡͷһЦǰûôף
ಣಣ
׵˲䱬Ϊˣڰݺأ֮һֻֻͼӴܵĹȫ׸˺ɼΡ
Сģȫ߶ڵĽؽɱŲԶĹ
ͬʱԶĻʮȫɢų콣Ͷ֮䣬ͷųһɽĿֲһ֣мʮֻɥȪ
ʮʼնվͬһλãûһֻܹΧʮɡ
սһʼͳֳһߵ̬ơһӵʱ䣬սͽβ
ָ磡
СĶͷϸܵĺˮȴ˲òãһʱɵ׵ǰ꺮ůû˰ɣ
΢΢һЦʼ򣬡Ͻۻļݣκβҡ
ԣСĶʱЦһ
ߣȥѼսƷСĴ׼ռڵϵĹʬ塣
ţ
׺һСЩɻתס΢΢һЦһֱӴ֮ͳһףɢű˵ĺ
ǰ벽ıϻüף
ָ磬ǣСľ㵵˫鲻Խؼ
Сģ촩ϻüסȻѾʥ֣ǣȴڡ˵عڶ࣬һҧǳءϻüףİȫϵһЩ
һֿؽϻü׵ݸСġ
ָ磬Ҫϻü͸ң
СأЩš
ϻü׿ǰ벽ıףֵһЩķҪһ
ͬķУߺΪġ
еϻüף컯ɾеĺڲǳϡ
һ֣Ȼͽϻü׸ʹʵ̫ˣ
Ϣ컯ɾʿС˶ͶĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣
׵Ͷء
Ǻǣʲôʱ㿪ЦײΪȻ˿ûнϻü׷СһԼòϵıϻüףûôҪţСá
ǣϻüʵ̫ˣʵǳܲ𣡡
СԥƬ̣̰Ŀӱϻü˻ᶨָ磬㻹ջȥգ׻˵޹»Ҹûʸõϻüס
Сɵϣֵ֮ô
׼ǽϻü׸ӲСĵУҪٿˣѪա
ҡ
СźصıϻüףűϻüеϢж˫׵Ҳɶ
ָ磬ˡʱȽıϻüףȴϹĹгȥ֮ٻ㡣
Сһ
εؿЦҡͷ
ò˵еʱСɵÿɰ
ҪǱ˵õһ»æ£׷ڡ
Сĵã׽ϻüӲҪ
УС³һʼѪܿ죬ϻüоðһѪΣâһΣСĵϡ
Ůҵ˼Զĥġ
׿ζ뵽С֮ԲԸȡ׵ΪΪһֻҪĻƿ
֮£СĸԸ⿿ԼŬ׸ԼǿԼĿеĵλ


1902 
Сڴϱϻü֮ԭˣһĨӢˬ߹ʣǴıɽŮ˲ֱӡ
ȵĿ£СЩɬͷһɾβ
ÿ
׶СԿһ
Сߺ̵ģ֪λӦ̧ͷֱƺҪ˵
ǸȥռѪӡ
Ƭ̺޴Сģķʽ㿪ס
ЦеСæµٻӰֵС
һСľ»ص׵ǰһͳһǬݸףָ磬ܹռһѪӡǵջ񻹻࣬㣬̫ءеĹѾΪĩҲѪˡ
һ㶣εͷ
û취ŽѪһսͼǴ˼ѪһԼ಻ס
ǵջѾǳˡ
ЦЦ룬һѪӵҩüֵ϶ҪʮҪöࡣ
СΪȻص˵ͷ
㡣СĽǬݸס
Űɡν
УҿɲҪѪӡЩţΪһ֮кܶʱҪõѪӵġ
Сᶨ
΢΢һЦҲǣ㲻پܾСĵнӹǬ
ǬûеѪʶһ̽УǬеѪӸ̽һ
಻٣һѪӣÿһѪӣֻˮδСɢŨѪ
ǺǣϹĹĵһͰ𡣡촽΢΢һЦ
ʱԶĻʮҲսαӣЯһɿ磬Сĵǰ
ϣջΣ
Цʵ
ܹռ˾ʮöѪӡʮһСģ˶𣬶ʱ
ʮΣ
Сһؿʮ
ҷָһ㣬Ҵ˷ա
СĲУʮƺЩ˼һͽһƿ˳šƿҪֳһֵѪСġ
ϣǿɲҪѪӡ׻æ
û£Űա
ʮ˰֣ѪӶ˵ûжļֵȻصУҲϽɸţȡѫ㡣
СĲɵһЦ
ʮˡ
ϣĲҪѪӡСĿЦŽ͵ΪҲջ˺ܶѪӡ
Ŷ
ʮ£׷ʵСһռ˶Ѫӣ
ײĴʮأЦ
Сһ°ܹͣնһѪӣľʮʮΣ
䣬ʮɵɫһЩԼĶ䡣
ڻʮСˣҲܹնһЩѪӣҪǳСĽС
СģܹԱѾˡ
Ȼ˵СĵĹǳǿǣȴƽӹǲҵرȺĹΧˣʱҪΧնɱٹ
ƺǶСĵĻЩɣʮתͷףЦģȻڿЦ
ˣǺηʮԳЦЦ
䡭
Ȼһ춯صıƽһףסСʮȫȻһ׷תͷѭȥ
ǰһ۾ͿԶʮ˽ūӰ
ˣһȻڹѨۣ
ʮȥɵɫ䡣
СȫΪ֮һ
УҪϽֹ̫³çˣʮʱ𣬳Ÿ߿սӶȥ
壬Сġ˾ԭأҪ߿
ʮһǵһر˲š
¡¡
һ̣Ӵս˲仯ΪһɫĹâʮ˽ūķӶȥ
֪Ѩ澿ѹʲôСĵһĽ֮ɫ
ģǰڣӵġ
һţһ䡣
䣡䣡䣡
ʮ˽ūͣعѨۡһʵľ޷塣ʱڷĹ֮£Ѿ˴ѺۣƬƬʯ̮ܿ죬ͻ᳹ױ
Сĵ࣬ȫ鲻Խᵽɤ۵λá
һʱ䣬սִϿաǵһʮӰʹսзӶ
ڸʲô
ʮһΣʡ
ͷ̧ͷбһۻʮеȴһ̲ͣûʲôֻҪѨ¾ӡʲôˡ
ס֣
ʮһӣֱӽսڣƲӥһҪİ繥ơ


1903 Ѩ
æ֣ŭضŻʮ𣿴ǲǣ
ѵ⣬ʮᣬֻһѵǧѨطҪֲö࣡
㲻֪֮ǰҵڲһȺĳѨ
ʮŵرȻƣܵƵգмֻÿһֻ𶼸ǿ׳Ԫʥߡ
𣿡
ҡͷЦϣǵСֻ𣬾ͽųˣȰ㻹ǸϽظաٳҹĹɶˡ
˵ţԵʮ˽ū˻֣Ӵȣ
顭
ʮ˽ūĺͷŰ繥ơ
¡¡
ڣһıУľ޷Ȼ̮̳ʯ˷ӿƳˮһеһжûˡ
ʮʮ˽ūڵһʱڿն𣬸·
ԶİУСҲض۴
𡭡
ٿأһ׶޺Դ·ϯǧս˶Ĥۡ
ãҪˣʮһľ֮ɫ
һĳЦ⣬Ȳش궯˫֣ƺ׼ɱ䡣
ʱһʯīҹոҫһƬͬʱһķĵѨƾճ˵֮С
ȥҫ۵Ĺ֮УؿеѨڲһĽݣƺѨڲж졣
ʮȫŵѨɫӡ
ߣǽȥһ̽ԥػ˻֣ʮ˽ūҪ£Ѩڲ
ʮüͷԥҪҪһͬѨ
Ȼ
𡭡һ춯ص޺쳹ϡţѨڲı˲ûһڻʮһϡ
ಡ
һ̣ڻʮʧĺУʮ龳۷徳ĸֱ֣ӱק˵Ѩڲ
ʮ˽ūȫӲ˵ûС
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ʮʮ˽ūͱѨûˡ
Ѩڲİ׹⣬Ҳ˲ӵѨڲðŨĺգ̡Ĺˣֲָҹɫ
ϣ
ǰ
СĿľɵʧ
ˣǰǱʲô˵ص֮УСק׵½ǣһĻ̼
ϲ²ûǡѨ·ӡŷǳֲǺжϣӡԷͬѰԸǰܹ˳ɹ˽٣
װ
ָ磬ڸǺãСؿס
һ̧ͷ˵ʱȰǵһĶҲȥ
ŻǰʵʲôҲᷢġֻҪȺǳġ
׵
С˼ص˵ͷܵذ׵࣬׵ĸۡ
ڹ¶ʱСΨһ
¡¡¡¡
Ȼһ̣СĿ鷢ˡ
ȥ಻ɽƺΪѨۡɽѾ飬ȫʧȥѹƣ
ã
׽üһɲԤС
¡¡¡¡
¡¡
һ̣ҵ鷢ˣƵľ޷壬һεĴ߶£Ȼ鿪
һʱ䣬ҡػΣɽѡ
Сģڵһʱ𣬳֣
ÿµıըСĸ£ǳĢƣɵɳأ۾
֨֨֨֨
Ȼһ̶̳дСĵע
ǹ𣡡ʶ񣬼ڵһʱ䣬жϳˡ
𣿡
С΢΢һ㶣æظ̳
áֿԴռѪˡ΢΢һЦɡ
شأشء
Ȼһ̣СĿǧƵĹ𣬴糱̳ӿȫɫ䣬ŵͣɫ
ã
ӣ
͵һקСģûƵسԶӶȥ
ǧƵĹ𣬾龳ĸ֣Ҫ˱ᣬο벽ʥ
ˣˡ
СŵҰףû뵽ЩɽУȻľ֮Ĺֲ̫ˣ
֣ٷɶݡ
֨֨֨֨
ǧƵĹƺܵ˾ţڸ߿ĴҷɣУвٵĹᵽ˻˵ϢʱϵطۼԽԽĹ𣬳С׷ɱȥ
ٶȼ죬Ѹףգ֮˾롣
ָ磬ǱˣϿ˺գжһӰաСĻͷһۣ˰ء


1904 
ã
ʶƵϾ˵ͷ߶壬͵һ֡
͡
ʱһаǴķ壬ϯ𵴣ž졣
ʲô
еа۷Ϊû˺գ
һĲ졣
֨֨֨֨
ʱΪСͣ˽ŲĹȺԽԽ׼ܹܵѪ֮
ָ磬ʲôˣСо̣Щؿס
ߣ
һקסСģ̤ӡƴسԶϯȥ
ҲղţЩˡ
һΣ
Ұοһ䣬ٶȳ֣׼˺ա
ˡ
һһ
ͷŶа۰壬û˺գ𵴣һı
ˣĪҵа۰壬ϹĹвã
пһһĨԤС
СĽҧ촽Щǵضס
ʱȻСһļ٣֪νԹãڳĬа֧ס
ˣǶص֮СȺܲʩչ
תͷһۼϵİҹħģҹħ֪ܵʲôطȥˣû˰ҹħİ׵ĶҪһΡ
£Ҳ˲ôˡ
ݣ
ʩչһϯСģ˼£˵ص׿ռ䡣
գۼ䣬СĵӰʧڵϿա
ȻʧȥĿĴȺһϵعֽţڸ߿кֱײͼѰСĵӰ
ص׿ռС
ҺãǺܸߡʩչ׷ɱǡʩչѰۣ͸ʯ㣬߿·Ĺ
С΢΢һָ磬ǿ뿪طգ̫Σˡ
á׵ͷͬ
£ʩչҪϢ뿪
ড
ʱһ̶һһ͸˵ĶĤļһۣеͷѡ
ʲô
СһӶݣһתͷʩչѰۣ̽ŵرϿյ
׵Уһֻľ޴һֻͨɫ͹ģª
ǻʮڳ϶һʱϳֻɫ
һֻɹΪֲʵ۷֡
ʲôʧ
һ֣ڵرϿյĹ𣬶ʱɿؾۼ
ӡ
һֻ̣زʱһԲĿֲ˷ϯ
ٶȼ죬ȹ٣˲ϯãء

Сȫһоʲô֮д͸˵壬һֶĵĸоӿͷҪſŻ¡
ã
Ǳ¶ˣ
׸һҧ͵ؼӿ˽ŲЯСģڵص׿ռзɿ촩
ড
رϿգ͵һᣬҲƵسԶһӶȥ
֨֨֨֨
ͬʱȺӵĹһֽţڵҹĻУͺһŹ
˷ϵشСĵ壬𵴣оԼƺҪ롣
һʱ䣬ꡢŭʡ嶯Ƿϡȵȸָ˲ӿͷСĥ
Һ׵ȹ̣£ܹ֧šСľЩǺǲϵѪҲЩ
Сģ𷴿ҽҵıСһקһεʱСģֱӽСĸ˱С
һ̣һֱӽǹ˳
ҵҪֻªܲܳҵ
ŭգһڵһ͵س˵رǵһǹԲͬʱڵİԪ뾫ѪΪһ壬˲û֧
ơ
ָһɣ֧ͻΪѪ⣬˲Զյ
ɽǹ֧˲仮գȥ
Ȼײδ뽻֣޷ϢǣȴƾңѪ
ড
֧ܳѪһĸػ
顭
Ȼ͹˱ǹ
֧Ѫ˲䶴ֻһըһߵ˲䱬飬ΪѪ
ɹˣ
һ֣ʱϲЦտ
ûʣµĹȻڶ࣬һɨֻֻʩչܹϢߡ
ǣһĻǰʱ׳׾ˡ


1905 
Ѫ鿪һɲǣһ͸ĻӰ˲˲Զһֻ֮С
һֻ̣һĹ𣬾ͷһʹĹֽ屻һɫĹâ֣ͿһƤĤ˺ѵУѪ֮£Ѫ
һʱ䣬ֻϡƽĹ𣬾ͱóһֻոµ
ûи
ʲôĪǽ
׵ԺУȻðһ˵뷨
˵طڱܹ֮˵ԡ
û뵽׾ĿһС
׸ɱȻһת֮䣬ͽңƺ֮ǰûа
ড
ոճΣоͷһϵس׵ķϯ
Դ˵һƱ˸ͷһһΣЩһͷԵ
ãªֲ̫ˣ
׸ҧ̤ӡɿӡ
֨֨֨֨
Яֻ𣬷׷ɱס
׸оԼǳңȻһȺ׷ɱĶӡ
Ҫ֪ףʥֶĴڡ
ֻϧ˫ȭѵ֣ΪڶĹǰҲֻʶʱߡ
ಣಣ
ٶȼ죬ڽһطӡһּΪڵڶʱڣڱ׷ϡ
ϹĹзУļΪء
Ҫ֪ط컯ɾҪٱ
۹ȴоһ˿һһٶȲ
ȥױ׷ϣֻǳ顣
ģƴˣ
׽ҧء
ʱԶУһϤӰһϸֳһĨЦ
ӶӰˣǰҹħ
һԴʮ˴ɽп֮󣬾Ͳ֪ˡû뵽ؼʱ̣³ˡ
ɡ
ҹħ֮ε·ߣɿ׵ǰ˫һȵ׵ļϡ
ȥĶˣҵ˺һӣ
ײ޵رԹһ䣬ߴٵҹħ죬Σʩչаҹħڣ׵Ķˮ׼üΡҲܹ׷ɱ
˭룬ҹħйֽиͣûиʩչ˼
˵ʲô׽̤ӡȫӡͬʱ밵ҹħйͨ
ŪװҹħҪ˼֮󣬲ɵõɴ˫һš
˵ܹȺ𣿡
һؿϵİҹħ
ֻҹħǸ۲۵ƽſ׵ļϢɱʱҲӲӭսǴԸ
ȻڳԣҪԵǹƥ֮Ⱥ
ƺǸܵеĲΣҹħͷһܿʹӸͳűɫӣݸס
ʲô
ɫŹֵöɫӣǰ۲졣
öɫӣֻмС֮Уȴһֵĸо
öӣһʻ
ò˵ָоǳù죬׾ָо
ʱҹħϵعֽ˵öӵ
һˡ
˵öӣǻ飿һľ֮ɫңɱ֮󣬴ڳĻ飿
ڰҹħĽ֮£֪˰ҹħеǽ׷Ķӣܹ˲ĳª
ôܣ
ʵʥ۷徳ĸ֣ܹҶԽɱ
οһȺػԣûлҾ֮нնɱ
׶ڰҹħĻŽɡ
ড
ʱԶǷһԴ죬ЩһͷԵڵأŲʱóٻ˲١
ۿֻ𣬾ͿҪ׷ˡҹħҲ˲磬͵һϯȺ
ҹħ
ײɵʧаΪҹħһѺ
Ϊ⣬һٶȽǹٻ˳ǣ˲£޾Ѫӿ䣬ܿͻû֧
һλû֧֮ǰѪͬ׵һؼ
һܹ̾ûϹ޵춯أ
ʱɱƬƬĹ
׵ǵĿУҹħգ֮ͷɵ಻ʮɵİУзһֽС
ͬʱһڵƳ졣


1906 Ļ
аƴСİҹħֻǰ˻ֽУͣس죬ƺҪŻ֪Ѷˡ
һĻ׵֮УɵøоΪ
ֻͣһİҹħ޷ӴᲢۣڣвٵĹ𣬶ҪȰҹħΪ˶
ôһС㣬Ȼڳһ˵Īļƣ
ǲ֪
ȻôΪҹħ϶ҪȺŹʱֻ𣬺ǿʲôһһɪɪ¶Ϊη
ţû򳡵ĻֻĹһɢˡ
ড
͹԰ҹħƣԵ÷ǳ÷ŭĸ磬һʱ̳졣
֣ҹħס˹𣡡ȫעűǹָֻ֧ҪҶܹ̾ɱ
ùŹ
ֻ𶼱˾ˣս밵ҹħ֮С
밵ҹħùŹֵһ󣬰ҹħȻת
ţ
ҹħɵ΢΢һ㶣ʲôҪңҲ֣ܲĻҪŹȺ뿪
ЩŹֵŰҹħΪʲôҲ֣Ҹ㱣ݻܱԼǿ
ңҪԸ뿪Ļ˵ٺòˡΪʲôҪܾ
Щʵ
ҹħһ̼ɿŽ͡
ܿ죬׾Ū˰ҹħ˼
˵ҪһսӮ˵ĻܹȡڵĻ飿ңܹһֵĹΪӣ
׳ԾС
û뵽ҹħܹƾԼƣȵڶսˡ
񣬰ҹħ֮ҪһսҪȡԷڵĻ飬ҽһֵĹΪӡ
ʵԲСжİգ촽ǵ
ҹħ¶һĨı飬ƺûн
˵ѪҪ߳ܶࣿնɱ׾٣
ң֮ǰѾնɱֻˣ
ҹħԼö飬ʱɫһϲ
ȻҹħѾնɱֻҿûʲôˣôնɱһֻҲ׾١
ãҴӦ㣬Ҳ֮ɱ
׵ͷӦȻһתǵٻսҾԲӲܵģ
õ׵ĴӦҹħһ˷ܣҪ˱ܿ
һ޿κεҡҡͷڰҹħĴߴ£ֻɣԷɵ￪⡣
ϹĹУٶľ룬ҲҪһӵʱ䡣
ԣҪ밵ҹħսǺķڸ·ϣҪһӣ
ȻˣȫŹɱ
Х졣ȻವһԣһӢˬٻӰö˵Ǵ׵ıзӶСġ
ָ磬ⰵҹħжİգ
СȻ֮ǰ׵ıУȴһֱһʶ棬ƣҲ߰˷֡
ͳö飬ݸСģǰҹħҵö飬˵ǴڶȡսƷ
Ļ飿
С΢оСش׵һö飬зĦĩˣԵظпһ䣬ĻƷʼߣҩ̷ֱǾԵĴ֮ѪҪǧٱ
ŶСĵĻƺСĶڻо
ܵ׺С΢΢һЦ飬Ψǳǿ飬ܹ۶ɡó깥ӵлʵ˭ҪܹһöеĻԼ꣬һηǳ̲⣬֪ƷʵĻ飬ҩľѲϡ
ܹꣿ
׺Ȼһ뵽һֿܣ˰Ѫɫǰ壬ȻܹѪ֮ȴǲȱģֻܹǿ֮Ϊ塣
Ȼ״̬µѪɫѾǳֲˣʵѹͬʿǣܹ޸ǵĻǣӵһꡣôǾͽһ壡
ʱ򣬰ѪɫսƱؽһΣ
ĹЧ֮󣬵һʱ䲢û뵽ҪԼãǻ޸״̬µѪɫǱһ壡
ò˵һΪ뷨


1907 ħ֮
ড
ȳУӴ˲ûһ⣬һʵ˰ҹħ
ҹħӦѸ٣ֽһڰӲǻһĻߣĲӰϯ䣬ֲ٣ҵһա
ড
δ֣ܵʱͷųһɫĳ˰ҹħ
İҹħ͵һƺ˻֮УоЩͷؽᣬжҲ쳣ٻ
ʱ͵һˣ˰ҹħƺҪҹħһ븹Уɸʳ
ԶСģȫĿһס˺
ӡ
ǧһ֮ʣҹħͻȻһߣһֲιߣ˹ǿһۣͻоͷۻʧȥռ뷽С
ҹħߵĸ£ʱ΢΢ƫԭĹ켣Űҹħ˶ȥ
ಡ
ҹħץסʱ͵һӣࡣ˵ʱʱ죬ֻҹħ͵ӿһŨŨ˲ûһѪɫа촽ֱȥ
飡
ߵĸ£ѾЩʧȥռУܹάƽ⣬ûдӸ߿еѾǷǳѵˡڰҹħ͵ϮȻҲԵֵһֻһ죬ֱӱа촽СӴʱһӲǱ˸ʩչ˶һ
䡭
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
һƽըװıУȻ飬ûĲĩ

Զ׿Ŀɿڴ
ò˵ҹħսԶԶ׵
׿ƽСһȻӵ磬ʵֻһ廨ͷΨһþǸԼս
ûϵҹħӵ˾޵ʵ
غ֮ڣͳɹػɱ
Ƕħ֮ǣСĿĿ࣬ɵʧ
֪ħ֮ǣ
üͷһЩؿСġ
СȻĴָȴڹĹжżвٵɽҵĶʱ׻Ҫࡣ
ħ֮һַǳаطܹʩߵķ˲˵Ѫ⣡
Ȼطģǳֲʩ߱˵ҲһּĴݲСΪ޴ƻȻɽеһЩаͽšû뵽ֻҹħȻáħ֮ǡּصķ
СһضԶսԼ۾
õһ
ħ֮ǡɽһǿĽط
ɽУǳ
ϸһ룬ҹħ״аؾеõػޣЩػޡػսūа۴ɽӶǿйѺؾеġ
ԣҹħɽĽطħ֮ǡûпܡ
Ժ˼ǧ۾ȴһضԶս
֪սûн
ܹգ۵ʱڣͽĿֲڣ
ড
Ȼһ̣һ͸İ׹⣬;ӿԶĹȺ
˵ʱʱ죬ĻոճҪʱ׼İҹħ͵ſһһɰϯֱӽû꣬һ˿С
ţ
ײɵһҹħȻĻ̳ˣùŹֶ񣬿ҹħ
СҲһС첻ǰһС
Ļ飬ɲëӣԺ̳ԣһܲס˲ͻᱬ㹻ǿอ㹻ͣ˵ԼĻĻ飬Ҳᷢͻ޷ɶԷĻ顣
֮һ仰ҹħ̳ԻľٶǸ߿߸˿һΪ
СĴ͵ĿУԶֻ궯ʼڰкҵ·裬зһĹֽС
ڣеĹȫʧȥĹǵɢһûƵس˷Ӷݿ
һʱ䣬ͷɶݳԶ
ӡ
ڣɹ˻İҹħָжзһߣǰĹ
ʱʮֻУֻжʮֻһǿӶݿʣʮֻ׵ߵĹֱûͷӬһڰкҳײ½½سײ˵ϡ
ಣಣ
ҹħʮֻϿգӿīʮֻ֡
ͬʱһɰϯɱȻ
֮£ʮֻȫʧǵ˻룬˵ᡣ


1908 
ߣȥ׵
õġ
Сĵ˵ͷ
СһЦ˵ϲá
˱ڶ׷ɱüǱһתۣΪҹħĴڣֱɱңֻսˡ
֮ǰûвµġ
ಣಣ
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬Сģ˳һƬϿա˵ͷīûóȻС
ţ
ʩչѰۣܹһãһȥɵõһ
ΪؿŨڲҹħޱײеؿҧһֻֻ޼Ĺ
ҹħȻҪ̻ζȸ븹С
ֻÿһֻĲҧһڣöӡ
ҹħڸأЩֹһ
СľصȴţһŨɢȥҹħʮֻ˵ǰ
СĸеǣʮֻޱȹػڰҹħԣƺѾݷڰҹħ£Ϊӡ
ಣ
ҹħһףͽ䵽׵ļϣвϵطһ˷ܵĽ
Ƿǳ
һЦָŰҹħһҪ㣬СĵĴΣˡ
ҹħƺǳ׵ĸϵԴ׵ġ
ˣҿĻ飬ܹܵס𣿡
׺Ȼһתѯʵ
ҹħͷ絷⣬ϵ
Ŷ˵ʲô
ǰһипǧ˵ֻҪչһʱ䣬ܹ˳ؽĲǸգ
ңɹʣµĻ֮󣬺пܻ̳һ
׿һĭһ󵨵ͷ
ʵǳڣ깥ǽǳޡҪܹ̳ⲿԺʵƱؽһΡ
զп
µӡУΪ̵ľת֮ʱڽطƾס
ǰҹħܹ̳ôӽ󣬰ҹħΪڣǺⲻ⣬ҲԶ
Ȼ˵̻ȷʵԼ̳ǰһ䣬ķʵ̫һ״ʹܴǡ
ҹħոĻ飬ھȻ˻治֪ǸңǸþˡ
СĿЦõŰҹħ
תͷһ۵ϵļֻʬ壬⼸ֻʬ嶼ֻʣһɱǣѪⶼʳһա
ʣ⼸ֻ𣬶˰ҹħĿ¡
ҹħЩʲô
ָָϵļֻĸʬָһ²ԶĶʮֻ
ҹħظ׽
һ׾Ū˰ҹħ˼Ϊҹħеο
ָ磬˵ʲôСͬΪ棬һس׵½ǣϵѯʡ
ҹħɹʮֻ𣬲ǵ˱أʮֻǸѱ䣬öþͻᱻֻҪԶҳϣҹħͲ߶ڵĶء
Ц˵ڵϵǼֻ𣬶ΪԸ齵ҹħҧĿ档
СûȻ־ϲؿҹħ
̫ˣû뵽ҹħһת۾ͽ˶ʮֻЩʵԪʥߡȻֻжʮֻȴһɲС
СĸƶЦûϵҹħת֮䣬ͱΪˡ
ǺǣһѾжʮֻΪˣޱȷ⡣ĦŰҹħԴ
ָ磬Ȼʮֻǹ齵ڰҹħġҹħػޣ˵Ҫʮֻ𣬾һ仰顣
СһĽؿףӵһҹħػް
˵û
չһЦͬص˵ͷ
밵ҹħǩԼ˰ҹħˡһ֮䣬ܹжҹħ
ԣֻҪԸ⣬ðҹħ̷׳ҹħҲֻӡұѡҪ˵ǽʮֻΪ֥Сˡ
ҹħֻܹ𣿡
׳Űҹħգգ۾һڴ֮ɫ
ǰҹħܹƵؽǿɾ׬ˡΪؾУǧֻеǻҹħ
ʱ򣬰ҹħܹһǧֻ𣬳Ϊ
ǽһʲôľ
Ҫ֪ЩӵԪʥߵʵ㼸ǧֻ𣬾൱ڼǧʥߣӴɽֵܲһᣬ壬컯ɾǾס


1909 Ŀ
ܵȵĿ⣬ҹħ׿ļƤر˼º󣬾˽͡
׵룬ȫ˿ա
ȻҹħȻܹǿнһЩ𣬵ǣȴͳԺǧֻҡ
ǳǳ׶
ͺñȰҹħһͷϻȻʵҪҪһΡǣһͷϻͳһȺǣǸܵ顣
࣬ϻƾԼѹȼֻҰǣҲֻǼˡ
ڵİҹħһ״Ȼܹǿнʮֻ𣬵Ҫһͳ켸ǧֻ𣬾е㲻̫ʵˡ
ָ磬ҹħֻܹ𣿡Сߴߴѯʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҲܹʮֻҵĹٶ࣬ͺѹסµĹˡ
ֻʮֻ𣿡СЩʧ̾Ϣһ
ҹħܹĲǸգ˵ܹĹҪܶࡣ
׺Ȼһת΢΢һЦ
Ŷ
Сǰһ
ȷ
ֻҪҹħܹĻȫôͺпܴǶ̳һֵ
˵ʱһֻǵİҹħͳϣҲдȵǡ
һطţʱһʱ䣬ǰϢ˳ҹħĻᡣ
һͳ
Сĵ˵ͷʾͬ
£СһˣͳԶɽӶȥ
˰ҹħ׸ò¹вԿýһЩ
ȻˣΪԷһ׵Ҳû̫ڿľۼء
ҹħµĹͨҪ֪ǸʲôطЩʲô
СһϿһ׵Ķź׿ʼҹħָ
£ҹħͿʼʮֻ
ܿ죬ҹħ͸һǳĽʮֻ𣬶֮ǰ̵ʱ򣬾ڲ˯Ҫһιƣɽ飬ʮֻȻĳ˯֮С
ԣҪʮֻϴϢͽ޹
ɣȥ̽Σ˽ЩطǹľۼأЩط򡣡
ֻҪŪһ㣬֮ɱռжͻúЧʡ

ҹħ׵µĶʮֻ
⡭
ܿ죬ʮֻһĹ𣬾ͷɳ˶ѨʧīҹĻС
Ϊͬ࣬ʮֻȻѾҹħˣĹȻ֪һ㣬Ϊڱ̽Ϣٺʲˡ
ҹħҵıգȫʡһӣһεϯֱӽҹħıС
ָ磬һһֱûŪס
ȻСĳֱ㶵ס
ʲô飿
׷ʵ
Ϊʲô޷˺ˣСĵ
һü΢΢š
ȷ
ԴϹĹк׾޷˺ˡǳաҪ֪аǶ̳еһַ壬컯ɾ޷ھͶ˺գôҲ컯ɾ˺аԵ͵ﱳӵܡ
ҪԣСĵ
ã
׵ͷһӣһϯ𵴡ǣû˺ա
ǲؾĿռȶ̫ǿˣĿǰķ˵Ѿ޷˺ˣ
С˼Ƭ̣Ȼһԡ
˵ϹĹе컯ɾΧشҪ߳ϰٱ컯ɾΧռᲢˡ
ᡣ
һ˼ҡҡͷСĵ²⣬ҾΧռ䣬ܹ˺աؾĿռȶԣΧռҲ޼Ҳ޷˺ա
üͷšԵΪա
ǾΪʲôСҧҧ촽
ҹɫŨ񣬼žڳĬ˽һӺ׺Ȼ
˵
׳˵ϹĹڵؾ᲻Ѿ컯ɾ컯ɾ֮⣬ҴаǶ̳еķ壬ûа취תˣ
а۵ķ壬컯ɾıԴ׵õһֵķ򴫳УֻҪ컯ɾڲܹھͶ֮˺ա
ǣ뿪컯ɾа۷޷ˡ
ͺ׻ص壬ʱаǶеķ壬޷˺ա
ܡ
С΢ҡаɽھؾأ컯ɾУЩɽһЩδ֪ԴϹĹһؾа۲ܽ䰲컯ɾ֮⡣
׵ͷص³һȻ˵ĻǾֻһֿˣ


1910 
ʲôԣСĺգգˮӡ
һ˵пܣϹĹһ磬Ѿ˻ʯһ̳еа۰޷Чˡ
Ŷ
СüһЩ졣
תһ룬׵Ĳ²ȷǺе
ϹĹһͨؾʯ硣ô컯ɾĴ編޷͸ϹĹ̳еа۰壬Ҳûа취ھͶ˺ա
ϹĹһʯ磿
Сҧҧ촽оЩ˼顣
û뵽ײȻһУȻϹĹ컯ɾֻһС磬һЩؾȫʵɱ䡣
Ѫɫ
׺ȻһѪɫٻ˳
𡭡
ѪɫٿػΪһѪ⣬Ӷڶ֮⣬˻
졣
ûطһۣѪɫһצģÿһγҪһ±˲֪
һϹĹУһڰ˹롣
Ѫɫ׵ѵ£һԹԱ죬ùɿģס
˭ղŻצİѪɫһת۾ͱһ˳ĳ
ҸǴʲô
һֱͳһö飬˰Ѫɫ
ɢӨӨ⣬һŨĻϯΪעĿ
ѪɫʱӵǰһĻϷĺϷ
ǺǣǴ֮̳֮˵ܹ޲ֱ꣬ɰһ塣
촽һڴؿѪɫ
ȻСεĿ£һѪɫĿشݣȻûһѪɫҪУȫһߡ
գ֮£ֻý¾֮УùŹֵѪɫ
ָ磬ѪɫΪβ̳Ի飿Сͷ
һѪɫһɵÿЦãѪɫȻȻĻ飡
ʲôǿϣСĶʱЦˡ
ѪɫһЩ壬ĻǶûСʹ»ǾǲɶõĴ֮˭룬ǾȻģ
ûˣ
ͺñһһƶϴţɣгһܵʴ۵ĽͣŮѡһλţţ˰죬Ȼؾʴ۵ĺ⡣
ڸв֪
ҲǲƵĻǣʺ뱾Դ̫Ļա˵
£Ҳֻˡ
֪ڰ˵ΣԣһҪΣյöࡣ
пܻų⣬
ڰѪɫ˵еĻ飬һ֮һŶʱը
ˣȻǶԸ̳Ի飬Ҳܹǿ󡣡
ҡͷһЦ˻УţһӣֱӽѪɫ˱ڲ
ҹɫīСĸϥ
ת֮䣬µʱȥˡ
ڣ̽Ķʮֻ½½ػˡ
ױеİҹħƺҲԴ׵ıϯȵ׵ļϡ
Σ
ЦŰҹħ
ⰵҹħȰǰҪˣƺѾĲ顣
ҹħڿļıģзһֽС
Ŷ
Ѿʮ֮һĲ飿ңʣĲ飬Ѿѹˣ
Цŵ˵ͷѾǳˡ
׵ָ£ҹħʼʮֻнռϢ
һҹħͽõϢתס
ָ磬Σ
СΪڴʵ
ݶʮֻѼϢܹڸֱֻͬĵطÿһֻѵ㣬Ĺ𡣡
⣬дĹ𣬳ŸңԶɽǨˡ
һһʮ
ֻ
СһϲȲشվָ磬ǻŸʲôϽȥѰȡռһЩ顣
СȲģײɵҡͷһЦСģһθǳðҹħȥˡ
СĲɵ΢΢һϵĲñʱ
ȻзǳԸ׵ľûд
ڽɱʱС׶ﲻʲôæ밵ҹħͬȥֻҹħ
ðҹħǰСֻҪˡ
ҹħǧҪôϲҼסùʹ򣬴򲻹ͳΣҪȻ
һƺСĲסԼҪһͬǰͽҹħˡ
ಡ
ҹħֽ˼ڵشӶзӶգ֮ʧڶڲ
֨֨֨֨
֮ǰձҹħĶʮֻһҹħӶߣܵҪ
룬ȴҹħˡ
֮£ֻûصػСĵԡ
Ҳ֪ϵˣˣһ㶯ûССü΢һǵԶʡ
ģԻǰʵʲôġװοСһ䣬ȴҲЩĪĵ
˵Ȼʮ龳۷徳ĸ֣ݹ컯ɾһ֡
ǣϹĹУͬɵġ
ΪϹĹǹа۴ɽҵһزأ֮컯ɾ֮С
ȻɽزأϹĹָʲô׵
ʮȻ龳֣һ׹ʲôɽɱ֮УͬС
ʱһһعȥСĶڡѨĺԽԽأ˶ǳҪѨһ̽ѨоʲôȻܹʮ龳۷ָС
ǸǣҪܵر侲ûоԵİ֮ǰԲðա


1911 ޹
ʱһһţСľͺȹϵһתÿһÿһ룬Ƕһ尾
ĵȴ֮Уתֹȥ˴µʱ䡣
һգ͵һһĽԶĵص֮ϯ죬˲Сĵע
ţСĺУһϤӰ˵Ѩ
ǻϣ
̫ˣڳˣ
СĻشվһʱ䳯ԶĻϷӶȥ
֨֨
ʮֻų򣬽
ಣ
ʮһʹ䵽һǧ׸ߵʯϣԹԵϥӻͳ˼öҩС̷ȥ
ǶϸƣؿڻϵϣѪܵץۣÿһץ۶⣬Ƥ˺ѵ÷תѪȪˮһӿէһؿѵɭɭ׹ǣûɵصһִĿĵĸо
ͬʱʮۣϣտյİڷ졣
ʮ۷徳ĸ֣Ȼܴˡ

ʮ̷˼ö鵤֮ɫÿࡣһӵʱ䣬ͽȫµƣָ߰˰ˣԭѵۣҲ˳
ȻʮüͷһƺǲԶӶļӰʱȥͷСĵʱ򣬲ɵóһĿڵһʯͷ΢΢ء
ҺýСĶû¡ȻĻҾûˡ
ʮ
ಣಣ
һС˾ʹ˻ʮǰ
ϣôˣ
ԶĵطͿ˱˵Ļʮеǣһأæ꺮ů
û£ˡʮڨڨһЦϣȴζһ˿Ц
кҩԳԣʮԲٽѨС
֨֨֨֨
ʱʮֻϵ׷״Ҫ䵽Եʯϡ

ʮüһһָҪɱ
ס֣
׻æֹЩɱ
ʮ΢΢ؿף΢΢һЦ͵Щ𣬶ѾҵػޡҹħˣΪ˰ҹħӡĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˵ҵĳ
˵ţʮֻģªĹ𣬾䣬Ⱥػ׵
Щػ޽ӣ
ʮͷЩ׸ƺͿˡɵ΢΢һ㶣Ƭ̺ϲɵøֳһ˿Ц
壬һ۲۵ػҲ
ʮԵظпһ
ϣǲ֪֮ǰѨƣɽ뱬飬ܹмǧֻӶһֻֻ׷ɱǣЩͶ
ؼʱ̣˰ҹħųɹɱ˳Žʮֻ𡣡
СȲؽڰҹħ֣ν䡣
˵ǰҹħʱɱСĵĴǳΣ

ʮ֣Ҳɵ΢΢һ
ʮȻţ֪һó깥ʵС
ϣΪˣĪǰˣ
ʵ
ʮܴˣĿܾˡҲֻͬΪ龳۷徳ĸ֣пشʮ
ҲҵǱѨзӡĹ˵ġ
ʮЦ˵

Ѩ֮оȻй
Сȫһ
һַǳǿİڹСĶš
ԭǹѨ֮УӡǹײɵöͷðɫϾ
ϣжȻ㶼ˣ
С߬½ǡ
ǹѨУܹʮͷÿһͷӵ龳һΪ
ҧ
䣬СȫоͷƤ˫ȷ
˱ܵΪѨֻһеҪö࣡
ѨУܹʮ
ңÿһӵ龳Ϊ
һʲô
ҪǽʮųԺɨ컯ɾ壡
ǺߴҲδô龳֣
ʵֲĲǹһ֫ľ޹
Ȼʮһת¶һĨˡ
޹
üͷһЩ졣
ڹײİǹھ޹Ͳ˽ˡ
޹һ׳ľ͹֫ħסˡǣƾԶκһ龳ֹв
ʮһ٣̾Ϣ޹Ǳħ֫ҲӵŲ𾳽Ϊ
ʮ˽ūڲ֮У˾޹Ķһʯ񣡡


1912 
СĲɵɫ÷ǳѿ
ħ֫ľ޹ȻӵŲ𾳽Ϊ
Ҫǳ˽ħָ֮ǻ˵ã
Ҫڲ𾳽֮ˣ
޹δҲֲ̫˰ɣĪ޹ӵۼΪ
ײɵʧ
컯ɾУҲ͡ꡱӵۼΪ꣬Ǵ˵бų̨ޣа۽ĿֲޣԪ޽
ҲΪˣɡаۡŻὫų̂
û뵽ϹĹУȻ˿ֲĴڡ
ʮĬһذ̾
ϣǶʲôʮ˽ū˶ĪǾͻɥ𣿡
СŵСҰף˵߶µġ
ᡣ
һַǳǿķ˶֮Ѫ֮ܿͻᶳһʯ񡣾Ҳ𽥵ɢʧΪһʯ񡣡
ʮͳ˵ʮ˽ū˾޹Ķ֮һʱȻǣܹӾ޹нǸĻǵͻر޹һա
޹ܹʯȡеľ񣿡Ĳ졣
ѹ־޹ɱʮ˽ūʩչǸһʯԭ뽫ǵʳá
ÿֲľ޹
ϣѵǾûа취Ӿ޹жǰ𣿡
͵߬ȭͷһ̼ʵ
ʮͷһذ̾
龳۷֣Եֵ޹ĶʮΪҲͰҪӾ޹Ƥӵ¶ʮ˽ūֱǳ롣
ѹҪçײϧҵȰ衣ںˣһʯֻؿԼһ߸ʬ
ʮض㣬б
ȻʮĹϵǢǣΪͬʦֵܣѣʮҲЩࡣ
ϧҵа۷طʩչˣĻҵǿգŴӾ޹Ƥӵǰ
һ߬ȭͷ
壬Ҳˣʮ΢в̧ͷЦס
üͷһȴŻʮĻ
˵ҲϹĹһ˽ʯˣ
ʮ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
ϣ֪ģʱСĴǰʵ
ҽ˹ѨУŻȻϹĹĹ죬һ͵ĵص¥ĵص¥һΪΣԽ£ռԽҲԽ󡣡
֮ǰ˹ѨУǴӵص¥Ķ㣬˵ص׵ڶ㡣һУͷʮ
ңΧһƬڣ봫˵еĵص¥һĹ졣
ʮжϵ
ص¥
΢΢üǵһ˵ص¥
ص¥˼壬һ¥ṹ磬ͨ˵ÿһص¥ײ㣬һʯѹص¥Ļʯÿһ㣬ͷһСһԽϵ¥㣬ԽСҲԽС
ʮܵǽĵطӦǵص¥㣬Ҳһ㣡
ĵطһ㣿
һզпһ¥ҪΧشٱΧռ䣬Ҫǲص׶㡢㡢Ĳ㡭ǻ˵ã
ϣǸǺã
׳ĬƬ̣ٿ̧ͷʮ
ʮüͷ΢һʱ侹˵
ʮͬ׽ϹĹ̽Ҫ󷢺Ƶġûϵûҵ٣ȴһʱΣյľء
ϣϴܹ֧ŶãСʵ
˵׼Ҳһ£Ҳ궼
ʮȷҡҡͷȫҪȡھ޹ʲôʱʯеȡһա
СײɵӿЦ
ҾãȻƾǵʵ޷Ӿ޹жشϣ̷ţͬԲߡ
Сĵ
С
׹ϵҡҡͷһһأ˵ҲҪأУѱ֤ǰţ
⣬޹ӵŲ𾳽ΪôǰҲδܹɹԮǰ
οǰĿǰĴͬǳΣ޷뿪
׷
СĶʱֱţǿǺãĪҪؿŴɥ𣿡
ʮ̧ͷص̾ϢһСģܹ顣ʵϣҲǳǡΪǿ׾ٵ뿪ط
䣬С˲ùŹֵʮ
ϣʲô˼
׽üһĨԤС
ص¥ɲͽ߾ߵġ
ʮһҲˣҪϹĹҪƽḶ́Ҫ뿪ͬס


1913 ֮
Сȫɫһøӵʮ
֪Ҫص¥뿪Ҫҵռ֮ŲСʮ
ռ֮ţ
üͷš𣬳ǣǽϹĹ󣬲ûпܹȥĿռ֮Ű
СΪȻص˵ͷ
֮ǰһƽ˹Ĺֱ֮Ӿͱ͵ϹĹСûпܹȥĿռ֮š
Ҳζţƽ˹Ĺ̺ڣֻһĴͨ
ҪȥҪҵĿռ֮ŲС
ϣĶܹҵռ֮ţѯʵ
ʮѵ촽ɾ˵׼ˡҵѾҵһռ֮š
Ŷ
Ѿҵһռ֮ţ
Сȫǰһ
ϧǡ
ʮ̾ϢһǸռ֮ţڵص׶֮Сң޹λòԶҪռ֮ţҪ޹һزС
䣬СȫɫȻһʱЦá
ˡǵص׶Уʮ𾳸ֵľ޹Ҫȫռ֮ţǲܵ顣
߬ȭͷ
һǱϹĹгȥˣ
Сļֱš
ʮȫͷ̾Ϣ
һҪ뿪ϹĹҪ޹һأǾ޹ʵǷ𾳸֣һҪȫ뿪ϹĹӵԿ޹ʵ
ǣҪܾ޹̸ף
龳۷徳ĻʮܹڶʱͻƣһԾ𾳽磬һ˿ϣ
ʮѾֹ龳۷ˣҪͻƿǳϦ֮飿
һˣסСġʮ˵Уȫǳܡ
ɡ
ʱԶһӰٷӶзһֽС
֨֨
ʱеĶʮֻ𣬾Գ˶
ʮСȫתͷȥ
Ӧǰҹħˡ
촽΢΢һЦ
ಡ
ܿ죬ҹħڶʮֻӭ£˶֮С˾ȵǣһΰҹħָֻ
ҹħֻֽ𣿡գգ۾ؿ¼ֻ
ҹħһֻ½Ĺ
ʱֻ𹧹شڵأ
ҡͷһЦһѾʮֻˡ
ˣҵ𣿡ȻĿ¶ڴؿҹħ
ҹħӸһŻ飬ݸס

״Ӱҹħĸпٳ˻飬֮ĦϵһĨЦݡ
һ˼׾ͽ˱УҹħһöҾͲûˡ㽫ڵĲȫ֮ٽöóá
ԣҹħʮ˷ܵ׵ļرƺ׵Ŀ󷽣ǳм
Ȼ˵鱾ǰҹħսƷ˭ǩԼֻҪԸ⣬ҹħ׵ģοһö飿
ܹóһöʹ͸ҹħҹħѾǳмˡ
ػޣǽʮֻ𣬾һɷǳǿˣ
СԵ̾
ʮ֪ʱͳһƺԹԵغƾƣʱ̧ͷһ۰ҹħ֮ɫ
ȻҹħɹֽʲôҪ㱨ס
˵ʲôǧ￪ĶϷ򣬷һȺʿ
밵ҹħ󣬲ɵΪ֮һ
Сʮ׵ĻҲͶ˺Ŀ⡣
ʲôʿ
׻æʵ
ҹħЩãȻҡҡͷ
Ƕʲôװ׽ʵ
ҹħϸػƬ̣һ
׵ɫԽԽ
ϹĹУôܻʿСһ
ʥȪȵϵˡ
ʮһҾƣ
ʥȪȵСĵʱһɫ÷ǳѿ
ҪʥȪȵϹĹô׵˵ĴøӼѡ
ݰҹħֵʿʮа˾ʥȪȵƽ˵
ʥȪȵ𣿡
Сü΢ţǿˣ֮ǰɱǵˣҪǱǸǵټ롣
ΪȻصͷͬ
һʱ䣬ձʮֳأš
û뵽ʥȪȵˣȻҲܹƽḶ́뵽ϹĹ֮У΢΢̾Ϣ
ûв´ʥȪȴ˷ǰУ϶ǸһҲֻѰϣܹᲢۣˣҪƽḶ́²̫ס
ʮĳ


1914 Σ
ϣ˵˭ʵ
СҲؿʮ
롣
ʮһһٵ
׵ʱһ
롭
ڻ룬׿ɲİ
룬īжд̣Ѫˡ
ǵѹīĸס롱⣬ѭν棬īĸ׸̴
֮⣬Ϊ˽ī롱ġ֮סնݳȺīˣ
ҿī븣󣬲Žҵӹһ٣
ڻ룬ī޲ýʬΣҡ
˵ѾΪīһħīҹгһܹնɱ룬ѩޣ
ǡ
Ҫնɱ룬̸ף
ʥȪĴɫ֮һɽԨ¯飬ӵŲ𾳰ľΪʵ֮ǿ
īҪѩޣǳ룡
ҿīǰûȻĻ˵ͻ̲סҪƴˣ
ص³һ
Сĺϣ֪ʲô𣿡
ʮһھƣҡͷһЦ룬ɽԨ¯֮飬˵һ𾳰Ĵӵɵ£ǰЩ
СŵСҰס
𾳰쾳硭
һʲô
ƾСĵСԴԴ󲻳
Ǻǣ˵һᡣȻ
Ŷ
ʮ΢вؿס
᣿
СĸоЩɶͷԡ˵ĵһ۲۵ѡ
Ϊʲô׻˵һ᣿
ĴǳΣҪӾ޹Ƥ¾ȳǰʮ˽ūǲɵϹĹгȥѰԮҲ̫ʵ
ǡ
ܵʮСĺ΢΢һЦٿһתĵ˵ı棡
Ҳ˵ˣһ𾳰쾳ĸ֣ɽԨ¯֮顣ʵ˵ܹ޹һϸ¡
ֻҪǽǸص׶㣬ô޹֮䣬ƱؽᱬһսʱֻҪ֮ˡ
һһʮط
ʮСǰһһϸ׽׵ĻлȻʡ
˵ûĳ֣˵һвҲһֻҪǰպ˵ܹƳ
ʮ͵عһھƣһЦ¶һӲӵĻư
ָ
СЦݲãס
壬ʲô㣿ʮס
ü˼Ƭ̣׻˵֪֪˰սҪԻһ˵һ˽⡣֮󣬲ܹӳ顣
ͬ⡣ʮͷ
ȥ̽һǾҵĺϢ˵ţٻҹħ׼
ָ磬㲻Ҫȥǲ𾳰ĸ֣óȻǰȥ͵С߬׵½ǣСϹ˵֮ɫ
Сģģȥȥ
΢΢һЦСģģаҹħ϶ᱻֵġ
ʱʮҲվЦ׵壬˵ˣһȥ
ֲʮСģֻõ˵ͷ
СģȽҵıСʲôһġ¹شԹ˲ϾûоչСģԽСĸ˱С
ԴˣСĲû飬ֻҪ뿪ͺˡ
ҹħݣ
׵ͺһſ׼ϵİҹħУʱһڵ˲佫׸С
ಡ
һֱ̣ӻΪһƺ̣˵ص׿ռ֮С
ȵң
ʮһΣԻΪһâ˵ص׿ռ䡣
֨֨
ر֮ϣʮֻųӶ׵ָʾ£һȵǰУʮڻ
ϹĹУǲ𾳽ĸ֣ʶܹķΧҲ󣬵ǣȴпܻһЩ졣
˹䵱ڻʮʩչʱ򱻲ˣҲһ١
ڰҹħ£ʮһ·ɶݣԼĪһʱҵ˻һˡ
顭
ԶλãһȺ˷¾ֻУһֻ
ϣ쿴
ʮӵص֮Σſһʯѵĺ󷽣Զս
ǸһӦþǴ˵еĻˣ
ָһɫף෢٣ߡһͦӥǣݣϢ¶˵ĸоһبŴڵʯءɣȡֻھͶ֮䣬ɱĻ֮УϸֳһĨ΢Ц
ʮ˵ͷࡣ


1915 ߾ȹ
׵Ŀ⣬þõŻ룬һʱ˼ǧ뵽ī룬뵽īˣ뵽ī뱻ѹĸ뱻ĸס
ԼĳŵīĵسŵҪīնɱ룬ѩޣ
ǣԻʱ򣬲ͻȻоԼĲ֮
֮
ĳŵƺֻʱ˵Ц
ģʲôʱܹԽ룡
ұҪǿٱǿ
׵ĺʤı׵ؼˡоȫµѪҺҪ
壬쿴Ǹ׷ߣ
Ȼʮߵס
׵ѭȥֻһɫ۵İ׷ߣɫģм
һǻ죡׳
ʮͬص˵ͷ
죬ţ֪ǻֶڰ˰ٶǰʥ۷徳ĸ֣֮伣
Ȼڲ֮ǰճһڳ̨ھʮŲ̨һʶӣΪĿ֮ӡ
˾ȵǣȡʶӣˣͬΪʥȪȵ˫ɫ롰غꡱ
û뵽죬ȻҲŻϹĹ
죬һ龳۷徳ĸ֡ǳ˻֮ĵڶ֡ʮʿܹʮˣʥʮˣĶֵһᡣ
ܿ죬ʮͽһ˵ɸŪˡ
壬߰ɡ
ʮתͷߴס
أ˫һգգضԶĻ룬еĻ漸Ҫ
ֱʮ˼£ײŻȻعЩεͷ
￪ĵط
壬ҵһö飿
һΣ˻ǰЦеŻ롣
΢΢һƣ˵ͷ
Ļ飬һöȹڵѪӿҪˡһЦϧ̫ҡ
һ٣쾶Գ壬ҪҴһֿж˵ܹҵ
Ҳãעⰲȫһ͵˵ͷ
Ѿڳ̨һʶӵ֮ˡͱˡ
˵ţͺһٻʮˣԳӶ
￪ĵطʮ׼ص׿ռ䣬ٿؽŲһ٣ɫ䡣
ãǺ񱻷ˣ׳
ʮĬŷӶĻһˣȻҡҡͷûб֡
Ҫǻ뷢ǣ϶ɱǲ
˵ֻǱͷɵĹˡ
ʮָͷϷʮֻ
Ŷ
һʱ˵ͷ
ʮķе
ֿж𣿡
üͷһ¶һĨ֮ɫǺǣһϢ˵ţҹħʩչԶ˵ص׿ռ䡣
ʮŻΪһâŶ˵ص׿ռ䡣
ʮ˵һսʤĴڡǻͲһˡ
Ȼӵ龳۷ʵڳ̨ڲһʶӣ龳ĸУٻĶ֡
ʮȴһ⡣
ʮҲӲʵǳ̨Ⲣʮ޷ڳ̨ڲһʶӡ
ҪʮδزǻĶ֣
֨֨
׵ĺ֮£ʮֻûسԶӣܵؽԶĵط
һпܳûݺ졣
ϣһ뷨
ص׿ռУһ߼ٴУһ
ʲô뷨
ʮ
Ƚص׶УȻʵǿᣬھ޹ǰֵһᡣ˵Ҳǰһһ񡣡
ʱ򣬻Ҳ죬϶ᵽѰһֹᷢѨĴڣʱ򣬸ҪգͻԶص׶ˡ
׽Լļƻȫг
ʮһͷһЦʾͬһð취ǺǣβܹϢؽѨСðջ룬ȫԲȡ߾ȹķջ졣
ȻȴǵӡǲҵرˣҲ֮ݡ
ʮг졣
ҹħùȫУǧҪץס
õ˻ʮĿ϶׵
ɡ
ҹħֽһҰ
Ȼ̶ڱضϹĹУȴԵʮ
⡭
õҹħָĹ𣬶ʱʼȼѪҲƵӴ
ʱѸľ룬ܿٶ


1916 ն
ǺǣһС֣ȻҪҵӳ죬ǰΣ
ʮֻӴܵĹȻӿٶȣ첻ɵЦһ͵ظǰͺһöŵڵһ˲仮գʮֻȼѪɶݵĹ
һʱ䣬˫ľͷɿ
ص׿ռڲ
ؽҧԳãƾŹٶȣҪյѨУеѡ
Ҫһõİ취С
üͷš
壬ùɢܹܿ׷ϹˣɢܹһЩʱ䡣
ʱʮԴ׵ԺС
ã
׼ԥشӦ
Ȼ˵ù䵱ննΪڻң̫ܴ
µҲֻˡ
ڹȻ󣬵ϹĹĹԺеǻ
ڵһʱ䣬׾ðҹħ
ɡ
ҹħһ̶С
ʱۼһӴܵĹ˲ֳŶӣÿһŶжʮֻ𣬾Գ෴ķӶȥ
ţ
ģЩСȻļƣ
һԥ;ԳŶϷһֶӷ˶ȥ
ȥɱһֵĹ𣡡
ƴ׷ϵһ
ǣ
ǣ
£ʥȪȵʮˣͳʮֻɱȥ
ص׿ռС
̫ˣѡ׼ķֶӡ
΢΢һЦ͵صת򣬾ʮֻŹѨķϯȥ
׵ָ£ʮֻضӣʹ˳̵ľ
ƴ׷ϵʥȪˣǻ־ĸ֣ԶԣٶҪһѹҲҪСöࡣ
У
һʱ䣬׷˶Ϸʮֻ͵һȭҶʱ洹䣬γһУֱӽʮֻС
⹥ʮֻ𣬶ʱȻԴӻѳ
ܿ죬ʮֻͱˡ

ΪضŲյĹ¶һĨЦݡȵ𱻻֮󣬻һһεϯֱӴӹھһεѪӡ
ʱ䣬ʮѪӾ;˻С
ѪӵƷʲҪܹҵֻͺˡ
һеѪӣһֱӽѪӸǬᲽӶȥ
תһӵʱȥˡ
ʮֻڷӴУվǱʥȪȵʥ½֣նɱֻ
ڻʣ¾ֻܹȺʥȪȵˡ
ʱ򣬻ˡ
ʦ֡
ʦ֣Ⱥ̫ѲˣǷ˺ܴľնɱֻ
һʥȪȵŮԹһ
һȺģֻС㲻Цһ಻ԶĹٿָһһƫеضһֻصһ˵Ĺҡŵ棬ƴҪϧһѾʱɱһӣһĵâͽ˵ĹһΪֱӽڵѪӸ֮С
ʦ
ʦ幦¸ޱߣ
ʮˣһ̾еĳƺΪʦ֣еĳƺΪʦ壬һ߾ܵŻƨ
ʥȪ½֮ӣ˭Ҫͽͽᡣ
˵֮УЩƮƮȻ½Ӷģһֻֻ׹
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ҴĹ𣬾ֻʣֻ
ص׿ռУʮĽƣһʪ½
ϣǾѨٻӵ·ֻ̣ʣֻҪƾŹǸѨ̫ס

ʵڲеĻҾͰͷŽ죬ζҪѨʮҧҧ
У
׼һڷ˻ʮķ飬һ٣ϸطϣҪǳˣǾͱ¶ˡ϶ܹ³˽ϹĹʱǾɰ
⣬ֹ˻죬㽫յѨϿյʱ϶䱸֮ġ˵ͲóȻѨСʱ֮ǰŬȫˡ
׵
˵ô죿ʮʱЩ˼ݽߣͷͨ
ֻһ취ˡ
ٿ˫ɫ쳣Ͼðҹħ䵱նһ࣬ҲɡңҹħóѸ磬ҪһʱҪ׷²ס
ʮһ㵵ؿףû뵽ؼʱ̣׾ȻĽ顣
ʣðҹħ䵱նĻмĿܻԶʧȥҹħ۷ǳء
ϣңܵʮĿ⣬εššüͷ
Ƭ̺ƺǴ⵽˻ʮ뷨ʱ΢΢һЦϣǾðҹħ䵱ն̫𣿡
ʮΪȻص˵ͷ
ģҹħǱ׷ϣҲôɥġ΢΢һЦ֮ҪɱΪҪռڵѪӣɱҲΪҪӶ顣նɱҹħȴûκε塣
ҹħһǳ֣Ϊػ˵ϼ֮ѡŻԲҪɱҪ׽併
»쿴ҵİҹħҲȫԽóȥһİҹħһܹһۡ
׷
ʮɵǰһеɻʱһɨա
ò˵׵ķǳеûʮԶԡ
ãġ
ҪǻҪ԰ҹħͼ׽Ҿͻᰵ͵Ϯش
ʱûٻذҹħңҲսӡȻûаսʤ죬ȴʮĵƤӵߡ
ʮһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻư壬ġҾǱ¶ݣˣҲδܹããޱߵҵң
ã
׵ͷӦһʱᵽɤۣü
̫ϾһƻҪʮٱĴۣݲðء


1917 Ļ
ʦ֣쿴Ǳߣ
Ȼһٵָ꣬Զеһ򣬴
ѭȥɵǰһԼĪ߰ʮ￪ĵطһȺڰУԹ߰ʮֻ
ߣȥǱߣ
켸ûһ˿һԥ͵ת򣬳ԶĹۼطӶȥ
ʱʮƲҴֻ𣬷ɿϯߡ
ص׿ռС
ãıĿ꣡ʧ
ʮпһ
ѨѾֻӵʱˣҪʱת˷Ǿǰˡ
ҹħȥգ
ҧҧٰ֮£ֻǰðҹħ
ɡ
ҹħعֽһȫûж׵ɣʩչӵرϯ
ոҹħͽֽгһ硣
ţ
ʲô
ܿ죬һʥȪȵͺתͷİҹħһֻаƴСİҹħһʱ䲢ûϳЩ
֣ȻôС𡣡ûͷûԵһ
ڿʲôأ
ϣ
Եӣתͷǳһһ̣Ҳܵͣ˽ŲĿ͡
ǡ˵еİҹħ
쵹һ϶ʱӿ޾ϲ֮ɫҲû뵽ϹĹУȻаҹħڣǴ˵еļƷػް
ҹħ
Һڹżпҹħϣǰҹħ𣿡
ʥȪȵˣȫͣ½Ųһؿҹħ
ҪץסΪҵػޡ켸Ǻԥ䣬ͺƲӥһǰҪץסҹħ
ʥȪȵڶˣȫԭأһʱЩ֪롣
ŸʲôʦץҹħҪץסˣʦ϶ǣ
ã˶࣬԰
֪˭һڶ˶ʱηѣһҲƵطǰ
ص׿ռУʮڰҹħرĵһʱ䣬ͷɿسŹѨķȥ
ǱҪǰһ̽Ρ
ಣಣ
Ҫѣҹħȫһ˫͵һһɿϯ̳
ҹħͺһһڸ߿һӶ
þ˵ٶȣ
㲻ӵóҵģ
ܵҹħľٶȣ첻ɵ΢΢һž¶ϲҹħԽǿôļֵԽߡ
ֻҹħһֻƷػޡҪǧٱ
ǺѪҺڣӶǰҹħ
ಣಣ
һè׽Ϸܿˡ
ò˵Ϊ龳۷ĸ֣ڳ̨ڲһʶӵ֮ӣʵҪڰҹħ֮ϣǰҹħȺʩչӰԻʩչ٣ֻʱԵʱˡ
ÿҹħΪѾԶԶ˦ʱ򣬻ͻἰʱس󣬶ң˫֮ľ룬Ҳٵ̡
ʱһһţÿһÿһ룬˵ֶļ尾о
ڣһӵʱȥˡ
ѨԽԽˡ
Ȼʱ򣬰ҹħҲѾ׷ˡ
첻ϵͷųһѸ磬ʮȻĹزҪɱҹħֻҪˣӶ޷ӡ
ȻҹħƹȣײβڻĹ£Ǻܿͱˣ˼ҡҡλƺʱҪ׹ڵء
Уҹħֲ˶ã
ǿϧǾѨѾûжԶˣ
ʮ͵߬ȭͷڶݵó󣬵Ҫر͵Ϯ޷Ļ죬Ӷҹħ
ϣ
ʱвȻֹ˻ʮһ
ţʮЩȵؿס
ģҹħûôױһлϷҪˣһЦ
ʮ΢΢һ㶣Ҫɰʵף׺ܿͽעŵ˵رϿգûн͵˼
֮£ʮҲֻüעҹħ
رϿգٿһɣӿһ龳еĿֲܣѹŰҹħҪһٽܻ
ʱ䶸
ֻҹħɿƵʾˣĻӰӡ۸
ʱ̳ӿ𣬿Хӿ˷˶Ļ졣
䣡䣡䣡
¡¡
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
̳Увٵɫɳײ˻ϣʱǵȼ˵ڵһƽը졣
̼䣬һ춯صıը𣬿ֲϯ죬𵴵ķѣһǧĹƾճ֡
ۡ
⧲֮²ⰵĻ죬ſһѪһߵķݴ䣬Ũ֮У
ʦ壡
ʦ֣
ԶİУʮʥȪȵˣһˣ׷׷˶£һľ֮ɫ
ص׿ռ֮У˷ܵػһȭͷ졣
壬ǺļƣȻ˰ҹħôɳɳͨɳ𣬵쿿ʱͻȻýش
ʮ׵ıͶء
ò˵ļƣ̸ıԣҲһѺ֣еʱʮҪѷһ


1918 Ϲ
ǺǣҪǻһҪҹħ˾裬ҵļıٺãҲѵ֣
Ȼҹħɹͻʩɱ֣Ҳܹ˺죬ȴܹɥ
΢΢һЦһ̲ͣسԶĹѨɶݶȥ
ͬʱҹħҲ׵Ĵߴ£ɣȫӡ
ˣ밵ҹħ˵һˣҪ룬ֻȵŭĻٶ׷ʱ򣬲ſܽѨ
ಣಡ
ȥֻеĺӰһӶҹħ˲ͷɳǧס
ߵĴϣƾճһ޿ӣһǧﳤĹ֣֩һݺύɴ˿ɼղŵıըжôֲ
ʥȪȵʮˣȫŵŨ̳Уܿҵ˵ɳеĻ졣
ʱĻ죬ˣһȭͷСĿ鲼Ƥⷭת׹ɭɭͺһˣʮֲֿ
ʦ֣
ʦ壬û°ɣ
ʮ˷׷״ӵǰŵسѯʡ

ԹԵתڵһʱ䣬ϵƾۿӵٶ޸
ԼĪʮʱ䣬ͻָãò˵龳ֵǿֲ
İҹħȻҲɳ͵Ϯң
ҧгݡ
ɳ𣿡
ҹħΪʲôᶮɳɼҷ
ʥȪȵԵһ
ϹĹǴɽģɳⲿɼҷɽҲ󣬰ҹħɳûʲôϡġ
ƲƲ죬򼸺Ҫʧʵİҹħ͵سӿһɽĿֲܣһɽ͸Ļ˾ͺһŵڵһԳԶеİҹħϯȥ
İҹħζӳҵģ
Ҿ޷㽵ҲҪĥ
¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȼҹħ͵ϮŭգѾɱġ
ϣ
ʦˣҹħûʲô³
ʮ˷׷ڿն𣬽߾ȫ׷ǰȥ
ٶ֮죬Ѹ磬ԶԶʮ󡣲ڰҹħѾǰ˾룬һʱ׷ϡ
ʱҴţص׿ռеʮ࣬ȫ
ã׷ˣ
ȻʩչѰۣӰѾٽӽ
壬õġǰ治ԶǹѨˣðҹħʩչص׿ռ䡣
ʮһ룬
ã
׵˵ͷͨϵ
ɡ
ҹħð죬ͬ߿߸˿ʱ֮ݡ׵ָʱһһʱ仯Ϊһƺ̣ŵص׶ȥ
Хص죬ҹħӰٿض˹ѨԱߵĵص׿ռУתۼʧ١
ʧˣ
ߣҪʩչߣֱһЦ
գϯ˶£Ҫʩչ׷ɱҹħ
ȻɵѨϿʱȴɵñǰľסˡ
ȻһѨ
춨ȥᵽһ˿ΣյϢܵͣ˽ŲûóȻѨ֮С
ҹħǶѨ֮У
ˣǰҹħӵĺǣҶҪ񣡡
һԥ޷˵ظ£ŹѨӶȥ
ಡ
ȻڻӰսٵѨڴʱһεǿٿϯֱӽק˵Ѩڲ
á
ʧȻѾΪʱȻ龳۷֣Ҳѳ
գۼ䣬Ӱʧ٣Ӹ߿и£ֻѨڴīһ޵Ԩ
ص׿ռУʮڿ챻ɹ˹Ѩ֮󣬲ɵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ɹˣ챻ǳɹ˹ѨУ
ӣƱؽ׶༪ˣ
ʮӶЦпϲ
ҹħһ˴󹦣ȴϹĹгȥ֮һú㡣Ħżϵİҹħҹħر˫صĺ
ʱرϿգʥȪȵʮˣҲ½˹ѨϿա
ǿ쿴طһѨ
ŨϢѨоԱж죬ҷǳΣգ
ʮˣȫĸĽŲѨУܵϢȴṳ̂Ѩһ
ô죿ҪҪҲѨ֮У
һٵתͷˡ
˳Ĭɫӡ
ǻǾڴ˵ȺաƾʦֵʵֻҪ³ç⣬϶ʲôΣյġ
һԽϸߵĳ
˷׷׵ͷ͡


1919 ųߵ
ص׿ռУײɵζһЦתͷԲԶĻʮĵϣҪһ̣
ʮͷһЦã˵ţ͵ӿһɾ˵ܣɽ糱Գŵرϵʮʿϯȥ
䡭
龳еĿֲܣͻվڹѨʮʿͱ˹Ѩ
ãеϮ
˭һѣ
ˣҪѨˡ
޷ʮʿһʧУʿɨҶһֱӱ˵Ѩ֮Уƶϡ
Ψʥ֣أͦǹ˵ͺͦǹһԭأһ
ʥ֣ҲɫǺ죬ȻǷ˾ţ֮
ӣ

ʥͬһʱ䣬ڿն𣬾Ҫ롣
ͬʱص׿ռС
ӴСһȻҪ֮󼪿ûôףʮЦһҪٶȳ֣ʥ֡
ϣ
״̬µף͵ʩչ
ʮ΢΢һûֹס
ĳ˵̬µףǱ¶٣ҲܹԷӪһ
ϹĹУէһһޣΪһʿ᱾ܵؾϹĹеһ
ԣױ¶٣Ҳûô⡣
𡭡
׸һһӣʱѪϯһ̣ǧɳѪɫ;Գ׵ǰһצ˻
еʥ֣Ҫݲɶݣ͵ע⵽ƾճֵİѪɫһȫϽ۵ޣɵȻһ
ǡ˵еѪɫ
ʲôһͷεޣ
ʥֵɴ˫ɫضѪɫ
ĵڣ͵شһӣѪɫ͵طǰҲǽ̤ӡƴʥ֡
ףȻֻа벽ʥ磬ʵȴѰʥܹᲢ۵ġ
⣬Ѫɫһǰ벽ʥ磬Ϊ츳ѪʮֳڣʵҲһЩʥ
Ѫɫ֣ϣȫѹʥȪȵʥ
ӣ
ϹĹоȻ˵еѪɫУ
ʥڶݵĳ֮󣬷׷𣬽Ӷ
ȺϹĹмʶ˹ҹħϡֿ֣ѪɫȻҲ̫ھˡ
ӣ
쿪
Цһһӣͽʸ˳ৣд⡱֣
顭
֣Яһķ壬Իգʥȥ
ƣ
һʿֳһտɫķһʥȻ񿴵Σеķȫ
콣˲佫ָ˲ĩ
һ
·ϯ䣬˲һӶݵʥ
ãǺεķ֮ˣ
ᣬҵ񶯵
ˣмˣ
ʥɫۿѪɫѾǰ˸Χÿһ˵ɫ÷ǳѿ
£ֻӲͷƤսˡ
𡭡
һ֣ͺһԷǰһצܲ͸磬׵һʥ֡
ͬʱѪɫҲǰһצҪʥ̻
顭
һʱ䣬ҵսĻ𵴣ҡػΡ
ʥӭս벽Ѫɫһͷͬǰ벽ʥޣȵռϷ硣
Ȼսһʼͳֳһߵ̬ơ
ʥȪȵʥú޻֮ͷĸһͷǵΧУѪɣҰ
ն
һ״̬µף͵סһʥķ͵һһԷͱקǰ
飡
ͬʱ׵һצ͵ϯ£һͽԷԴˡ
ʦ֣
ˣǶҪڴ𣿡
ʥһΪߵʦֺⲻ⣬һбݣЩҵĸо
𣬺𡭡
ѪɫŽͷʬʳһա
֮һʥҲ׵ķ°ֱӱħƽצʬΣҡ

ٹҾԱͬھ
һʥһڵѪȼһģƺѪɫֻҪһ̾ҪԱһͬھ
𡭡
׵ͺһһŰѪɫ˰ΧȦתӶȥ
ڿҪѨʱ͵һ壬ʩչԶ˹ѨԶĵص׿ռڲ


1920 ²
ˣ
Ҵʥ֣ƺǰһĻ
ûϵԼ޵вȻ׾ٵؽѪɫһͷ޸ˡ
Ҳ
ٵҲ϶ʱӿһĨϲ֮ɫҳɣӣ˻ΪһӰڰһӶת֮ʧʣƺһѪɫͻı⣬ɱ
ХУһ˿Ѫζʾһɱ¾Ļ
ص׿ռڲʮܿ»ϡ

һӣѪɫ;ԻûһѪ⣬׸˱ڲ
ٺ٣ɵúãʥȪȵʥƽ۸ڶΧشʿǸһѵЩΧشʿ÷ǳ
ʮЦе׵ļ
ʼ򣬸ûһ˿һĵ֮ɫ·նɱʥ֣ʲôֵô顣
壬ǹһʿ𣿡
ʮЦʵ
׵ͷϣҿǹˣϹĹޱߣҪȻ뷢ֻһʧˣʮҲδܹҵѨ
ԣҸɴһڣȥͨ籨š
׵
ʮ΢Цŵͷ
ڣǾֻˡϣǸһͶã
ߣ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ʮȥԶһĵطõȻˣ˾ǰˡ
ã
׵ͷһЦʮһͬʩչԶߡ
ԼĪʱʮһԼǧ׵ʯУѡһ֮أ
ಣ
ʱһٻӰȻ׵ԣȻСɷ׵Сġ
ָ磬ո˵ıУʱ̹עҪˣ
Сק׵½ǣ˵ӡ
װذСÿͷϵͷ΢΢һЦҲǺúõ𣿡
СĽЦһ׵ϣһ̤ʵĸоȴƮ
ѡףĳ˵൱ڸ˰ƽ
СѡһΣǻһֻܲķɶ꣬ڡ

ХҴ꣬һ·ײײһʱ󣬷ڴɱĻһˡ
𻤷
갧һһ̲ͣسŻķӶȥ
ʱʮ˴¾Ź
ǺǣϹĹеĹ٣ֻҪģܹҵֻϧ̫ˣ١
ĦеöСĻ飬¶һĨ΢Ц
Ȼ
ţ
תͷԶգһӰٷӶ²ΪζԻˣ
𻤷
ƺǲģ²갧һӿ˽Ų
ʱһһ˿Ԥӿͷ
ʱ¾ĲˣҲѭȥͶĿ⡣
²ʲôˣ
û²סӣ;Գ
𻤷ˡ²ɫûͷûβ˵һ죬Ҳûܽ
ڻǳģ²͸¶Ϣܿͽȥˡ
˵ҵֶ챻һֻҹħһѨԨУ
һˣڵѨԨڴѪɫһͷ޵Ϯֻһ˽Ҵ
뷴ʵ
²ͷ
ʲôʦַһֻҹħǻѪɫ
ҹħѵõػޣѪɫǼΪϡĸ߽壬û뵽ϹĹелḻö࣡
Եļɵһզྪ
ǰҹħʲô磿ƽѯʵ
һͷ߽׵İҹħ²ʵش
˼ص˵ͷҵֶҪܰҹħȻĻԲðҹħ˳ѣ
һ٣ʵѪɫ޶ʲôΪ
֪ǰ벽Ϊ
²Ǻ֧֧ػش
ʲô
߳һ²
벽ʥѪɫޣȻնɱʥֻ²Ҵˣ
ģŭգˣҲֻܽʵ
ߣ
ȥ˵ĵѨԨ
ߴٵ
ǣ
²ҳɣһȵش·ʮˣĹѨ²ĽŲŵѨԨķϯȥ
֪²еĵѨԨһʲôط
ѨԨаҹħѪɫޡڲԱж죡
Żʦֿ϶µģ²ǰҹħѪɫޣԶʦγв
һ߷ӣһȺذۡ
һЩʥȪȵʿ˵ͬʦֵܺⲻ⣬Щɡ
˵ҹħѪɫϡѹֲס˷


1921 
īҹɫУţʮСˣȫԶʣа
ƻܷɹͿһˡ
쿴һˣʶʩչѰۣڵһʱͲԶӶӰ
ʮСȫѭȥһǰһ
ȵĿУʮˣһ·ɣ˹ѨϿա
²˵ԨѨ̽һѨоһĿֲϢûɵ־壬ëȻ
û
²˵ͷͽѨУʣʿطѪɫ޵ġ
˼ص˵ͷػһܣδк쳣
Ȼ͵غʮƣӡϯĴڵѨΧĴϣ飬һʱعѣ̳졣
Ļ֣ӡУ׷˷Щӿ˹ѵĵطУûһʮĻߣڼĵص׿ռشžըѣһΧɳʯȼ죬ֲָҹɫӳĵͬ硣
ڳһ˵ȫ裬Ǳڵв
ҵ֣ܹ۽һҵĻմϣ̾ͻԭα¶ҲҪѪɫڸпܻᱻҸƳ
Ĺˣƽز̽Χ
²ʿλڻΧϢɫϾ
ԶʮСĵˣɵһ¡
ʮһǱԨѨпѾָȳˡ
Ļ롣
˵ѪɫޣǶԨѨС
뾲Ƭ̣ĳ
ߣǶԨѨУҵҪƣԨѨʲôͷ۵
һΣһȵسԨѨ
²ʮʿҲǺ޳ɵؽϣԨѨ
ȻԨѨǳΣգв𾳰쾳ĻһʿǷǳеġ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ʮӰ͵һΣԨѨڲתʧ١
īҹɫУΨԨѨΧ죬Х죬оͺԨ֮С
ԶһʯѺ󷽣ʮһ˲ɵӶЦ
ɹˣһڽ˵ѨУкϷˣ
ʮһЦ¶һӲӵĻư
׵ͷһЦ֪ܹսʤ޹һֵÿ϶ǣǻˮѻᣡ
ϣѾ˵ѨһΣӦöڵѨеĵκϤ˰ɣ
תͷʮ
ʮͷһЦѨڲĿռ䣬ļʮһѨͻʮϮ⣬Զĵطпֲľ޹
л죬лΪڻңǳûУӦòᱻΧ
ʮ
ȻˣǾ͸Ͽ춯ȡǰʮ˽ū׵
ʮ
СģȽϵıУԷһһתͷضСһ
ҪҪһ𡣡С΢ҡƴС¶һĨִɫ
׵Щɡ
ϹĹУ׵а۰޷˺գʧȥıֶΡ˷Ѩ̫Σգпܲɥ
ʱ򣬶ױеСģ϶Ҳ⡣
ȫİ취СĽʮıСֻҪ⣬ƾʮľΪĻҪ״öࡣ
СضףһĹĵģ
СģĻԡ
ʮ֪׵⣬Ȱ˵
áСҧҧ촽ԥƬ̣ڹɵص˵ͷͷһԲ
ಣ
ʮһӣһεϯԽСĸ˱С
ϣߣ
һȵسԨѨӶȥ
ʮ粽롣
ԼĪʱʮˣѾԨѨڴ
¡¡¡¡
һԨѨ׸оһһ¡¡ϵشô𵴣ϵлӵѨӿ
ӣ޹һˣ
Ц
壬һȥ֮ǧ߶ԣӦ䡣ʮһ
׵ͷӦ
ಣ
ʮһΣԻûһâ˾һ磬ֱԨѨڲ
ҹħݣ׵ͺһſ׼ϵİҹħʱӿ˴Ƭĺ˲佫׸С
һ̣׵Ӱֱӻûһ̣ԨѨڲ


1922 ȭ
׸һѨڣ͸оһεؽ֣ͺһеĺڶһ˵ȫʧȥж
һǰһǴ׹ɳһһڵء
ȣ
ʮо飬ڿҪصǰһ̣סӣûǱ˫͵ز̤ڵϣȻȳһ޴ӡ
׵ͺһڵһʱܡ
ʮһʵأƺʱҪɱС
ȥӡĻ⣬ǽ˻ɽڲӿ糱һ
ʮڵһʱ֧ų֣һ
ţ
Ŀһɨ̾ͿΧǰ߲Ѫвٺ˵ʬ壬лвٵĲȱ֫壬ҡ
ö˵Щʬ壬ʥȪȵˡӳƺǸһԨѨͲɱ¾
壬쿴ʮָǰλá
׶ȥɵõһ
ԼĪʮǰԿȫڻеĻ룬ͷɱţ⣬ʮͷ߮һԣʱսȦ
ʮͷΧɱأԲ·磬ȫҫ۵Ļ⣬ͺһָ߹һÿһÿһʽɱŽһɲСĴˡ
ʯ׷ɣ̳죡
νң
ǹƥȻܹʮ·磡Ե̾һĳ
Ҫ֪Щɶ龳Ĵڣʮ֣ҲֻлֿžĴڣܹѹһͷ
ǡ
ȻĿԶԿϰ￪һӴ̨
ڼ̨ϣȻһɸߵľ͹ֳĽɫâأէһһֹ϶ɣĸо
ֵһǣھ޹צϣȫһִ󰵳סˡʣǻʮеĸħ
Ǵ˵еľ޹𣿡
׶ȥûɵƽһͷݵĳ嶯
˵ħľ޹ӵŲ𾳽Ϊ
޹ָ֮öôֲ
壬㿴ڼ̨·һʮ˽ūĵ񣬾ڼ̨ĶϽǡ
ʮһ䡣
׵ȥȻڸ߸ߵļ̨·һʯι״ʲôУ˵Ҳǧ
Уʮ˽ūûɵĵ񣬾λڶϷĽС
ãλÿ⣬Ȼӽлߵ񡣡һϲתһ룬Щ޿κΣҪ񲻹ضߵ񣬱ҪȻ޹ֲС
׸пһ׼ջߣȻǰһ߾ͶϷһ񣬡ǡ죿
׿һģ߷ƣȻһԨѨĻ졣
ûϵ죬ȻҲ޹ʩչһʯ
ٺ٣˳עҪ˶ã޹ͻ佻֣ǾϷգ
ʮһԶս΢΢һЦ׻˻֣ߣȥһܲ
׵ͷ
£ʩչǱص׿ռ䣬ɿغƶ
ǰʮսԽԽңѾ˰Ȼ
𣬺𡭡
ʮĿУϵһööףƳŵڵһ˻롣
շתŲͬһڸ߿ߣǶ˲ٵĹҲܼö׵Ϯ
ڻ˵̶ֳȵĹ޹ʹ
Ǻǣּףң
ΪɽԨ¯лûɵ֮飬ڻӵżǿԹףȫ޾ɫ
ȭ
ը
ٿأܳ죬һս͵غҳһȭ
һȭЯ޾֮˲佫Զһ˳ȥ
¡¡
ֻһ춯صıըǧɵĹӦ飬֮ĺ£ѳƬ׹漫Ϊֺ
ص׵ʮʱҲɵñעӵصԶ
ÿֲսȻһȭɱһ
һп
𣬺𡭡
һȭɱһֽŲͣʩչȭĹҶȥ
ʱԭΧڻԵĹһֻӴܣ޲õȡ
ʮòֻʶӣ
ӣ޹Ҫ𣿡
ʮһۻ룬תͷӴļ̨
̨ϣ޹ƽɲΪǹԵʣûν沿ܹ¶ϲŭ֣ǣɱ˹֮󣬾޹ʱҫ۵Ĺ⡣иǷһ춯ص˻


1923 
ء
޹Ե쳣ŭɸߵӴ͵شӼ̨վĸצĴ׳ڵקĴ̶죬ԭػڼ̨ΧʮҲ׷׷Ӷ𣬳ԶĻ˻
ʮȫᵽɤ۵λá
𡭡
ٿأ޹͵ſѪڣӿһɻҺɫҽԳŻȥ
Ƕ
һҺɫҽУ̻ᶳƤѣѪͣͣرһʯ񣡡
ʮһҺɫҽڵͲɵʧ
һ˫΢΢

޹δҲ̫Сˣ
ϢЦһȼյ֮Ȼȫۼ˫֮ϡ
ţһ˫ֱ۷ɿڻ
ҵľ桯
һƣû˫͵ؾһ𣬷š
顭
һ̣޾һϯһǧ׳Ļ泤ϵ
泤ϯ֮£޹ĻҺɫҽڵ˲䱻ٻת֮䣬١
䡭
ţһͲкڵ֮ƺҪƾ޾֮һٽеĹ޹ȫһգ
𣬺𡭡
ٵĹ׷׶ܿһЩܲǧ׵ĻУʱŴӸ߿еѡ
޹ɸߣɽֱӴļ̨ϣ޷ܡ
Ժܿ죬޾ĻϯӴļ̨
ء
̬߰˷Ƶľ޹зһӴڼ̨ƺҪƾӴĹǼܣĻ
ಣಣ
ֶηӣ¾Ӵ̨Ͽա
Ӷ£һ۾Ϳ˼̨·ʯУһʯа˾ŷƣö룬ʯ϶˶Ļ졣
£Ҫ£ûɵʯ뱦С
ʱ޹ķʼˡ
͡
ֻһռ˺ѵ죬һɫĹ͵ػգ˻룡
һ죬ͺƵȼı󣬵ȴС
ϸƣؿڻŴȻɫĹǰᴩɫıҲѪѪӿȪһ
ۡ
⧲֮²شһ̲Ѫҡ˼£Ҫ׹
㡭޹Ȼô˵еġߡ
־ŭضž޹ɫ֮ɫ
Զ׼ŻʮĿתضŻ޹ɱ
ʱףǳӡһ棬ǳϣ޹ܹܻ룬ɱһīѪҲ˽ˡ
һ棬ϣܹ޹һٻ
һʮлӼ̨Եʮ˽ūûɵʯߡ
ߣ
û뵽޹Ȼüߣרſƻϵɼط
ʮɴ˫һ꣬壬𿴼ߣֻǸȭͷС˿ڣʵϣڻĴˣǷǳصġ
⼱ڲ̺ż֮һմȾͻᱻʧȥжˣȻƾľΪҲᱻڵ֮ȴܵһ̶ȵѹƣʵۿۣ
Ŷ
üͷһû뵽⼱ǡѹ˻֮
ӻʮĿжϣеĻ룬ƺʵܵӰ죬޷ȫսҪмμߣҪˣ
𡭡
޹һ֣Ȼ̹ʼʩͷżߡ
һʱ䣬һɫĹϵգͼһǰᴩ
ĻѾ׼շתŲ֮У֮յûУԽ԰׵ɫȴ¶һ˿ƣ̬
ֶ
ʱ˿̣Ѿս׼һյԸ£ҪֽûɻʯԼıС
𣡺
ϧʮңݲû뿿
֮£ٶȴ߶͵ͷų𺣣У
䡭
̼䣬ȻеĻԪأڻٻ֮£һûһӴĻУǧ˲ûӴļ̨
ʮҲҵرУ໲Һ
ضΪ֮

˳˾޹뼸ʮ£һӣһεϯֱӽûɵʯԼıС


1924 ɹͻ
ɹ
˳شӾ޹ж˻ûɵʯ񣬶ʱɫһϲ
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱӴļ̨ȫϯĻûˣеľ޹뼸ʮǧɵĹţϯͼ糱Ļ𺣸һٺɢ
ȻĻУǧֻУһʱѡ
ûᣡ޹뼸ʮȫ˻֮УȫԳûȡǰʮ˽ūʯ񣡡
׶ȥɵɫϲ
壬ڴ˵Ⱥȥȥͻأ
ʮһһΣͺ֮һӴļ̨
ɫ䣬ûɵΪ֮һ
ʣʮ֮ԭصȴǵ׿̨Σա
ûʮжַŲ
һԥ׾ʩչ׼ʮڻ
ҿٻѪɫɢעһʯʱ򣬾Ͳױ֡
ҪǱˣǵĴͷǳΣˣ
װ
𡭡
ʱӴļ̨֮Уɵľ޹ϵ³糱ϢĻ𺣸ɢ˲٣ۿźܿҪĻ𺣸һʱХ
ھ޹ϢǧɵĹŴӻзӶŭ˻롣
ˣҵˣڼ̨򣡡
ǳȥ
ʱʮӰͻȻŻķػ˫֡
ȥͷһˣȻ²
ʱ²һڣǳɫ̼
ŶǸ˺ǡҷߵ˶
ʩչѰۣ͸ʵʯ㣬һ۾Ϳ²һʮˣЩһԭûһʩչ˵ص׿ռ֮С
У޹ۿžҪӻѳˣҪǱˣô޹Ŀ˵ͻתƵǵϡʱǰ̨ԵͼʯĻϾΣˣ
һˣвɵΪ֮󺧡
ƴˣ
һԥ׾͹ϵ˾ϣ˵壬ٿһ֮УƤ֮һϽۣڹؽڵλãǳһǴ̡գ֮䣬׵ӣͱһͷޡ
ɱ
һ̣ٿһֱٻħƽצԳ²һ˷˶ȥ
õģ²ˣ
ԶĻ룬²ĺӦһ䣬һʮţһ߳²ķӶսˡ
²ʮҴʿһеϣȫڻϡ
ԶѨĿֲԶԶ²˵Ҳֻв𾳰Ļܹȥ磬ʿһһͷϣͻʮľء
Ȼ
ͣͣͣͣ
һѪζϯֻƺߣ²ԵļʿͰŵѪ֮Уÿһ˵϶һǵѪۣѪӿԴǱץϡá
ãеϮ
Ǻ͵Ϯ
ˣǰǺл
Ӧ²ˣæתԵķҪɱ

װɫ˫ͫУ¶һĨĮ̵Ľ⣬²˵񣬾ͺǿһȺ׵ĸһӣֻһ춯صХǧɵѪɫƾճ²˵Χ
ɱ
û²һ˷ĵͺ׾һȵ²ѪɫǲʾȦһ߰˸Ҵߡ
ʥȪȵʿ񻹴ŵ˶²Ǹʥ֮⣬ҲֻԪ磬ּʿڰ벽ʥѪɫǰһ
սһʼͱһһߵɱ¾
㡭
²һ״̬µף־ŭ֮ǰͷѪɫʮʥȪȵʿɱ˸⡣
ٴ²Ǻ޵
Ȼ²ٶĲߺޣ״̬µѪɫ֪֮ġ
ಡ
²ûһ˿һԥӣʱ֮Ӵܶȥ
ֻҪʱ֮ţͿ뿪ϹĹʱ²Ͱȫˡ
Ȼᡣ
ն
ɳ
һӣɳ²ͼܵ·ϣʱһ춯صıը𣬺ǧսֺǧٿǳ飬ߵĴ˲ըһ޿ӣ޾صɳ˿ڱǡ
²ͻıըŵһ٣Ҳǰһ
ͣ
ٿأ״̬µףһצ²ı˺һѪ⣬һתѡ
ء²۵໲ҺвҹĻҾԱͬھ
֮ǰ²ƾвѪɫˡ
²ʼʩ״̬µѪɫܹ֪Ѷˣٴηһ
ǣʵǲпģûô漣
飡
һֱ̽²Сһ񱩵צӿ²ĵռ䣬ֻһը²ĵռڵҲҪ߻ħ
ˣҡ²ȵԶĻ롣
Ȼ˵ͬھĻвףͬھô׵ģһ£ڳɾʥ²˵ѡԲһ׵顣


1925 ƻ
ۡһ²ſһ̲Ѫó޵Ŀⶢףһһٵҧгݵɱң˿϶Źģ
žž
²в׵ĻӦΪ򵥴ֱ˦־Ķ⣬²պףƤݼѪˮк˳ȥ
²Ķˡ

ٿһšߣһȾͺһաһ͵ؽ²߷˳ȥ
һ죬²عӦ˼ҲһɳһصرӴļ̨
ʱ˿̵²شռǱ̴ݲУûֹסɳȥĹԺסӵûС
ˣҡ²ľڵһ˿
ʮΧˣһʱѭȥʱ򣬲ɵͫһһȻضžԻƳճż̨Ӷȥ²
ҹ
ҧ͵ʩչ˻ȭɱ̤¾ͷǰնյ²׹𺣵ǰһ̣²˻С
ˣ²˿૵
Ƚҵıҳȥ֮ٴӳ顣һӣһεϯֱӽ²˱С
ţŭתͷԶİѪɫһͷȫϽеޡ
𣬺𡭡
ϧڻ׼ɱ䣬Ϊȥ˱ʱ̣ʮצĹǰΧ£ڲ
¡¡¡¡
Ӵļ̨У޹ϢԭϯĻ𺣣һʱ䣬
ˡ
һ̣޹ĿУһߣѸײڶ֮ƣŻȥ
֪ߵĿֲæշתŲȻʮΧ£ɹĿռǳȻһվһߵĹ
һ˲䱻߸ǰᴩѪɣһȭͷСѪ¶ڿ֮Уֵһǣ˿ڵλãȻһ㱡ıһɳǵĺʴŻ
ҧƺһһʱû̶ڵ֮Ҳƺţ԰ٷ֮ٵش߶
顭
һ˲״̬˲Ϣս˵νҪ
ڻ֮ļ䣬ʮͳûһܼĹƣֱûڽڰˣԽԽء
ʮ龳ֵĹڲ𾳰쾳Ļ˵ʲô˵顣
ʱʱ͵Ϯľ޹ȴûͷ۲ѡ
Ǿ޹ļߣһУڻһصĴ
һ޹ҽ㽫㳹նɱҲһһ
ŭٿӿһɳĻ⣬һ̣һϹ޵쳹ء
ɢȥ֮󣬳ڰеȻģİߣһͷӵס¹ǡʨۡۡ㡢ţβһĻ룬ͷϰɸߣٲȻһƶĻɽȫڳҵĻУž졣
ŶȻȵֳԭΣ
Ҫˣ
Զ׶ȥвɵΪ֮һһӣֱӽѪɫ˱УţһΣ˾ವһ˵ص׿ռ֮С
ɲϣΪꡣ
ͣͣ
ʱ򣬼̨ϵľ޹Ȼһ̲ͣżߣ·ʩչ޴ɼҷҪһ˿һȫԴԴϵʩչѹƻ롣
Ȼһ̣벻鷢ˡ
ɫļߣһһ𣬾˲ҷ𣬻Ϊһư
һͨ쳹صƴӻϯ
һ̣ΪɽԨ¯֮飬볹չֳΪ֮Ӧеͨƣ
ԭΧڻĹһܵغһξ룬óȻǰ
޹ʱսˣ
ҪһҵռСƻ⡯
ûԭεĻ룬һڵ֮ٿΪһѹڶݵ֮޾֮𣬾ѹΪһīĹߣ͵ػգž޹ȥ
ƻ⣡
ܹնɱһĿֲߣ
𼱶Ҫ߳һΣ
˵ƻһУôпܻһնɱ޹
޹ʢҲҪشһϢ
أ
ƺǸܵһǿв޹һĵͺţӴĿоӿһɾ˵ŤתΧĿռ䣬ÿռλʱջҡ


1926 ֮צ
ƻ⣿
ص׿ռУײɵõɴ˫Ϊ֮һϡ
Ȼڡƻ⡱ɼҷײ˽⡣Ǹͨ쳹صĿֲƣ׸ܵеĿɲˡ
ͬʱѾп̨ԵĻʮҲһ٣һĿؿ̨Ͽյƻ⣬˲ᵽɤ۵λá
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ƻ䵽˾޹ǰ
޹ߣһӴɽĸצֶħˣѲá
ƻв޹ƺûа취ˡ
ȻڻĿУͻ䡣
ԭž޹Դȥƻ⣬ڴҵʱ֮Уٿؼת£ֱӳž޹һǰצȥ

ţһʯıֱȫͷŶľƻ⡱ƫеػھ޹ǰצϵĸħһʱ䣬䣬񱩵˳˷ϯ
ãʧĵӿһĨԤС
˳ɢȥڻĿУ˵ľһĻˡž޹ǰצϵĸħٿض˿
޹һǰצƻİӸħ˳
𡭡
˳һħľ޹˷ܵ˻Բĵ涼Ϊ֮Ҳ
Դͬʱһɾ춯صĿֲѹԲĿռ䡣
ص׿ռڲֻоϢһϣ̩ɽѹһԺͬʱڿֲ֮Уֹĵĳ嶯
׵㹻ᶨ̾ȫתܿͻָѡ
ˣ֮У˾޹һæ
޹һǰצӸħ˳ʵƱؽһΣ
װզࡣ
ħľ޹ӵŲ𾳽ΪսУҲ˿·硣
񣬾޹˳һħľΪƱؽһɳ죬ʱ򣬲𾳰쾳Ļ뻹ǷĶ֣Ͳһˣ
ӣ
ȫڳһеĻ룬ۿƲ̤ƣȫӴܡһ˿һˮ
ǣ޹׾ٵطŹ룿
𡭡
һƽըװУ޹ո˸ħǰצ͵˾޹ӴĹ֮һԻƳգŻöȥ
֮צ
һסԨ¯Ļ룬δܹ
ƴˣ
꣡
ɲ֮䣬֮צϯ鼱֮£뼸ûʲôǣ͵صͺһͷϵ¹ǾЯһ
䡭
֮צҵسײһͺƻײһʱ䣬ҡػΣ
һ̣ķѣ
֮צҲѳ˼Σ׹ڵء
Զص׿ռеףױǰһĻˡ
𾳸ֻصͨȻӡ׵Ժ
𡭡޹ҺһߵȻڵأô¡¡졣
ҲѪٲȻˡ
޹ҳȥ֮󣬶ǧ̤ƽ˵أһѩ֮ܣ
ҧһһٵһ䳡滰ǿŷʱ֮ţò𾳰ĴڣȻҡҡλΣƺʱӸ߿׹һ
Ǿ޹ֹƬ
ص׿ռУʩչѰۣڵϷνָơ
׿ı޹ľ֮צײһȫķѵʱҾΪ֮һ
ǿ֮צѳɼΣ׹ڵصʱ׸ǼѪҺڡ
Ҫܹõ֮צƬ˵ܹͻư벽ʥƿһٽʥ磡
ĳȡ
˵״˷ϹĹҪһĿģѰǣӶһͻƣΪʥ֡
ڿĵһۣϣڹϣȻЩĹǺǡ
һ㣬ϸ۲һʱ󣬾жϡ
ӵѰ۵ף۹ϬжϺ׼
ǡ
ھ޹ĹǺ׾ûʲôˡ
׿޹ĹǺǺпܾǾһϴǣȻҲпܲǡ
ʵϣǲǣҪõ޹ĹǺǲʵ顣
Ϊ޹ʵ̫ڿֲ龳۷徳Ļʮ֣Ҳֻƽķݣ
ûϵĳ֣ת
Ϊĳ֣޹ľ֮צѳ˼ΣӸ߿׹ֻҪܹɹռеһأлڣӶͻƿ
˵ֱĻԵˣ


1927 
ƴˣ
׸һҧ͵ʩչԳžԼһǷ˶ȥ
ҪͻƿҪռһǣͷǰζ
޹ǣϴǣô׾лһɳ죬Ϊһʥˡ
ಣಣ
ʮʱ䣬׾ǵĵص׿ռ䣬ʱ׾Ӵļ̨ңԶԶļطвٵĹǻš
еĹעе˻ϣû˻ֵᷢص׿ռеס
ȣ
׽̤ӡ˻ûΪһ⣬͵θһ¶һӣֱӽ볾еһǸ˱С
ȻֻǾ޹һǰצƬȴжʮ׳֮£ӴǰһСˡ
𡭡
Ȼ׷ǳվǱԶˣʱ˻ס
ХҪ׵ĶĤ˺ˣײҳɣһΣͻûһƺ̣˵ص׿ռ䡣
ʱӴ̨ıԵشǱõĻʮûԳǰԶһѶʯ˶ȥ
ʮ˽ūûɵʯ񣬾ڳȺʯΧֿɼȴġ
Ŷ
Ȼȫռ֮ŵĻ룬еһУǡɿ˻ʮӰʱüɫٿȻ䡣
ʲôʥȪȵ֮⣬ȻʿϹĹ
벻ɵʧɫ仯һʱ˼׷ɡ
УϹĹֻʥȪȵܹɣʿ̤ϹĹһ
ɫ˫
ûϵʥȪȵ֮⣬Ȼ˽ϹĹ
ΪǵһϹĹţȫ˳µضϹĹеĲƱԴպǿԷϹĹڣ׼˿һϹĹͽΪʥȪȵһ˽бء
ϹĹзİʿͼʥȪȵ뷨Щ쿪ˡ
ɱ
ٿͣ˷ʱ֮ŵĽŲ͵ſѪڣӿһȼյ֮ϯأ糱һż̨ıԵشϯȥ
뷨ܼ򵥣ҲǳֱЧֻҪܹɱʮİʿôһ̶ϣͷֹ˻ʮϹĹӳȥɢϢøʿ֪ϹĹܡ
ã
ʮȫʮ˽ūûɵʯۿҪ֣Ȼû嵽ǰǵصĻ𺣾ûеʯͬʱצĹ˷Χ˶ʮĴһ˲쳣Ͼ
ôĻ룬ȻҪɱڣʮ߷ߵصһԶеĻ룬Ųһת׼һ϶ͷسΧشӴһͽ˹İΧȦʱҪӳ죬ͷǳˡ
οӴ̨ϻſһͷɸߵľ޹Ȼ޹شʱᶯֻҪע⵽ʮǻʮϣͻ÷ǳã
ʮֻһ龳۷֣𾳰쾳ĴŷǳĲġ
ͬʱһĵص׿ռ֮С
ಣಣ
ʩչӶţĹֺĻ롣
׶˵ص׿ռ䣬ϵϢŵص׿ռеףһڿϢ¶ÿһϢܹ׾ٵغһǧɵľ޿ӡ
ҿаҹħʩչĻƾԼҪȫӴжܼϢǲܵ顣
׷һ֮󣬷ͽ޹Ȼת³ż̨Եķ˶ȥ
õص׿ռеص³һɤ۵Ҳء
ಣ
ڵһʱ䣬׾ɢʶ̽˱У̽ԼҵǷǡ
У׵ʶжʮ׳һӶʱһɲɣϵϢ
׷̽˼ΣвɵΪ֮ϲ
ɹˣҵ˴˵еǣ
ϲķȷУȷԼҵƬǴ˵еǣ
ӣֻҪսڣܹ׾ٵͻƿ磬Ϊһպյʥ֣
ֱһ£
¡¡¡¡
ʱԶĺըô𵴣ص׿ռеȻһæƽԼϲ飬תͷʩչѰۣȫ̽
ˣΧˣ
ǻϺ񱻻ˣ
׵һɫʱüΪϾ΢΢תͷʱ֮ŵķؿѾ˳ִʱ֮ŵǰȻȴŲʱ֮ţԨ룬µؿǱӴܵĻʮһĨζаЦݸӡ


1928 ʱ
ʣҪ赶ɱˡҪۿʮΧ˶һʥȪȵˣͲ˵֪ϹĹˡ
պֻҪʥȪǲرפϹĹڴôϹĹͻ˳µسΪʥȪȵ˽бء
Χˣûлٿ̨Ļпɥ
׶ȥֻʮȻһʱû֮ݣȴǳΣ
龳Ĺ֮⣬ڼ̨ϵľ޹ػʱ֮ǰĻ룬һŶʱը
ǻ޹˭ҪǳֻлʮʮпˣӶİΧȦΧ˶
£ʮѱҪ˵Ӿ޹Ƥ¶ʮ˽ūʯˡ
ƴˣ
ڶݵĳ֮󣬾͵ظһҧʩչż̨ķϯȥ
£ۻʮ鲻ԸΪһնɹ˹޹עҲڻʮϣÿԳûʮ˽ūʯ
ʧʧ
״һλᣬôҪڶʳ쿪ˡ

ΪβȥΧ˻룬׷ɱң
ʮƴӴţϵŹضȦӣȻһʱ䣬Χ˻ʮĹ֮࣬ӵʮʮѹʱһΣϢĻᶼûС
µĻʮν·ţҪضȦӣôҪΧȦ
ǣضȦӣʮ·ߡ
ΨһĳڣռˣʮҪʱ֮뿪Ҳûлᡣ
Ȼ˵Ļˣ״̬ԣҲԲǻʮ𾳵żûܹġ
Ȼʮһ뵽һ·
УֻػصһˣΨҲܹΧӮһʮ˼⡣
֮ǰʮԨѨһΣҲΧˣӻϹĹĵһ㣬ųɹ׷ɱ
ʮ֪ϹĹһ磬Ľṹһص¥
Ϊصڶƺܵĳַ޷ӵص׶صһ㣬Ҳ޷ʱ֮ţ뿪ϹĹΪˣʮܹɹѡ
ʮΣʱΣգҲֻһ·ˡ
ಣಣ
һˣʮʱٳɣƴسԶѨĶڴӶȥ
ͬʱӴļ̨Ե׻ûһƺ̣Ϣؿ˼̨Ż޹עԼϣûһӣһεϯƿ𣬽ڲһʯ˱С
¡¡¡¡
ʱһʯεض¡¡ӿ׵ıڲ
֮糱̨ԵʯȫûȻѰۣ鼱֮£Ҳҳʮ˽ūûɵʯ񾿾ںδֻܹƾģļʯ
ۡ
˳ضʮʯ󣬾Ҳ֧ŲסһΣٶȻûΪһƺ̣˵ص׿ռڲ
֮յƤȫɢһŨĽζ
ȻϽۻҲ޼¡
Ϊı֮ԲСδİ벽ʥ޷֮ڲ̫ã
ʩչȫӡ
׵ͻأ֣ȻǳСģվǱͷˣһͷһͷҲƵط˶
顭
ֲܼϢغҶ£ڻһꡣ
Ӵļ̨ϣ޹벻ϵذţǶѵצʹ֡
Ϊһͷ޹ûԣ޹ʧȥһǰצ֮󣬲ܹʿһתһոµǰצ
ھ޹˵ʧȥһǰצԶʧȥˡӽ󣬾޹άֲзϵ״̬
𡭡
ٿأɸߵľ޹ҡҡλεվô𵴣
ֻһƽըװĺ¡޹ĿٿһļߣԳԶʱ֮ǰĻ롣
״״ҲԭضҲܻʮһݲӣ˲ʱ֮ڲ
ֻʱ֮ڲ͵رһŽ⣬գۼ䣬Ӱƾʧ١
ء
ɹʱ֮ţԨѨþ޹ȻŭŭţóصĺŲ̤ż̨¡¡죬׹еĵ紸
ಣಣ
ԼĪһ֮󣬻ʮ˳ִԨѨĳڣתͷһ󣬷ʮצط˹ΪϾ
ˣҲ֪ˣʮеǡ
ʱ䶸


1929 ٺ
顭
ֻһ춯صըɳŻʮʮȥ
ͻıʣʮ⧲ÿһʮɳĺңһ춯صıը
ɳˣֻҪССһըһԪʿɳ䣬ʮشһ׹һըС
𣬺𡭡
ֹ죬ʹطмĹǺֱӱըһǷ׷ɡ
ţ
ǡɳ
ʮתͷɵǰһ
ಣ
ϣ
һ̣һɫӰҲƵسŻʮķ˶Ȼٵף
壡ʮЦգǹֵӾһŵľջ
𡭡
װ͵Ϯʮ׷ɱȻȴδ˦ԼʱΪͻʩɱ֣Ųͣ͵Եʣ׷ųҵϢҪһٽ׸û
һϢûôȻϽۻ壬ҲҪش
ֻһƿ⧲֮£صش˳ȥһײԶһұϡұײһΰӡ
ȥ
ʮһУʱȻһæǰȫ߶ڽسŲƶкȥ
͡
콣ԻƳգ׵ؽˡ
ʮΪ龳۷ֽ֣˵еġ콣֮Уȫͷڽʱ򣬾Բܹġ
ܿ죬ڻʮĽ֮£׹У֮ǰ׹еĹһ̳죬һƬҡ
壡
ʮһ֣ͣһΣͷɵ˲Զұǰһѽұе׸˳
ۡһſһ̲ѪȫںǴӻ¯ͳú̿
ϡɫ԰ףΪǿسŻʮһ˿ĿЦ
ʹӳԨʮһץס׵ļȫ߶ವһ˲ûΪһĽ磬ֱ
ȥֻһһţʮ׾ƾʧڵصڶԨѨС

īĵصһ㣬ʮףٿشһصԨڴһշתŲһԨѨ಻Զǰ
ƣ
ʮһӣһϯڻʮĴ߶£ܿͿһ׵Ķ
ʮڶǰ˼׵ķ󣬱ײ˶ڲ
׸һ붴ʹͳһţһƨڵأ¶һĨʹŵı顣
ʱһٻӰٿƾճ֣ȻǶڻʮеСġ
ָ磬ˣСС׵ļһ˫ˮĴ۾ܹˮ
ƽｾһǧС㣬׵ǰֵþһ׹ûʧСŮ
״̬µףͺһȫʱһУһ׾ͻָƽʱ״̬
״̬µףɫ԰ףԵðݣȻ˲ᡣ
ĹЩɥ
ױԹһһͳ˼ö鵤ҩһԵ˿Уȫ
ܿ죬װݵѵعǣͻָ
΢΢̧ͷСеײɵһЦСĵ㷢ѹˣҲû𣿡
˵û£ҲҲˣСûشһȭƵƲͷȥ
εЦЦ
壬Ѿ»ص˵صһ㣬ص׶еĹǲɱһģʱʲôΣգͰ˰ɡ
ʮһ
Ŷһ
С΢΢һ㶣̧ͷʮϣ˵ֻص˵صһ㣿
ʮ÷ص˵ͷ
ˣǲ֪Ҫ²лطˡ
õ˻ʮĿ϶𸴣СЩɥ
ʮײɵһۣ˳Ĭ
СĵıԹиݡ
ʮĿǰյѶϢҪϹĹ뿪Ҫص׶еʱ֮ŲС
ǣƾʮ׵ʵҪӾ޹Ƥ֮󼪣νϣã
һΣлΪնʮδ˳ѣûЭ͸ˡ
ֻһһˡ촽ĵʵҸĵǻ룬Ѿǡ
Ŷ
Сĺؿףȴ׽Ļ
Ѿ˳ʱ֮ţصϹĹڴʱֶԲߣһ־ڴáֻҪǵ̤ʱ֮ţ̾ҪĲ׷ɱ
һ֣ٶȽϹĹǸϾɱ
жϵ


1930 Ļ
СĲɵõһ
ʮͬص˵ͷ϶뽫ϹĹʥȪȵ˽бأ̤㡣
ǵĴڣһ޴ԣζ뷽跨زǣ
ʮ
СԽʶؿ׵ԡ
ĿǰҪôϹĹڣһֻҪһȥܹɱǡҪôٶȽϹĹֱӽǸϾɱ
׶һ٣һת޹һսشٶȽϹĹĿԲ̫󡣡
ΪУֻһȺϣֵ¡⣬˳ؽǸϾɱˣҪϹĹгȥûôˡ
෴ֻҪϹĹڴǰʥȪͨ籨ţԮԮһܹ̾ɱϹĹʱ򣬲ԽǸһ򾡣ֱܹնɱ޹
׳
ʮðͷʥȪȫܹɱ޹Ӷҵصڣٶص¥
һˣʮɵðԲǵص׶ӵв𾳽ľ޹أôص㣬ʲôĴڣ
룬ûɵëȻ
һʱ䣬Щѹ֡
ɡ
ſ׼ϵİҹħ׵ǰ˼Ȧ;Էɳ˶
һȻҪȥѰˡײɵÿЦһ
ҹħƺڵĻжӣԸŹκһûĻᡣ
Ȼһûܳɹӳ죬Ҳȫջ񡣡
Сɫ΢΢һЦο٣ҳɹҵǣңȳǰ
Ŷ
𣿽壬ҵǣ
䣬ʮСȫһתͷףŹâ
ܵȵĿ⣬΢Цŵ˵ͷһӣһεֱӽһжʮ׳Ǹϯ˵ǰ
ɭ׵Ǹһ֣һɹϲɣϢ
ǡ֮צǣ
ʮϸƣɵǰһƶЦûпĻ֮צǣȷǣ壬ϲõǣһܹͻƿɹ磬Ϊһʥˣ
Цգк»̵ġ
ָ磬Ȼõ˾޹ǣ󣡡
СΪԾضǰǣ÷ŻعƴС¶һĨõЦݣֻһ벽ʥѾˣҪǳΪʥ֪㽫öôֲ
ʼ򣬡Ҳǳڴ
ǣ׽磬ֻʱ⣬ڴģǲܹ֮õط
ÿһ󾳽磬ҪһɵΪ񣬳ɹһ󾳽֮󣬶ѧһͬΪط
Ʃ۽סϽۡ˲ȵȣõط
ǲ磬Ϊһʥ֪ܹõһʲôط
ڴ
һʱ֮Ҿȫںǣȡ硣Ȼˣڴ֮ǰҪȷǸһûٶȽϹĹĻҽ֮٣ͻ̱¶Լλá
׳
ʮ˼ص˵ͷ
ˣ塣˵ȳ
Ȼʮʲôһؿס
ܵʮȵ΢Цŵ˵ͷһӣֱٻʮʯ
ৡ
ʮСĵʱȥһҽ
⣡
СڵһʱҵûɵʯϲЦտ
ʮ첽ǰһӣһ̽ʯڲƬ̺ο̧ͷСһЦãһﲢûȻûһʯ񣬵Ȼ̲ʢ
СһЦ΢΢һ
ϣǰ˶Ҫβָܹʵ
򵥡
ʮֿ죬¶һӲӵĻưֻҪĻ濾Ҫ˶ãͻָ
˵ţʮһͳһƿšƿƿбƳһȪֻʮͺһȪʱһΪһûɵʯ
ţʮӱٻһľȼĻ濾ʯ
Ҫʮ죬ָܹˡ
ʮ
СĿԣ΢΢һЦ
ףʲôʯ񣿡
ȻʮĿⱻԱߵһʯˡ


1931 ˱۾
Сȫѭȥһ׶ߵʯʯһӵаۣģ߸͹ι
էһǰʵֱŵļ⣬͸ǿҵӾСͬʱһεѹʯ¶˳ʱʱ֣˲ҿ
ʲôȻӵŰֱۣ
СĿ࣬ʯסˣܵؿһ
ʮתͷúס
εͷʵ˵ʵҲ֪ʲô⡣ڵصԨеʱǱ˼̨Աߣž޹˵ʱǰʮ˽ūʯ񡣵̨ıԵشѾ֮ûˣҸ޷һʯǰʮ˽ūֻܹմµķλѰҡû뵽ˣ鼱֮£ֱӽʮʯҵ˱С
һ٣ܵʮСľ㵵΢΢һЦ룬ʯӦڲС֮ġ
㲻СģСĲɵÿЦá
һʲô׵ľٶɵó
ʯ񲻼򵥡
Ȼʮشһʯ󣬳˵
Ŷ
üͷһȴŻʮĽ͡
ӹżпɽһ壬塯ȳ˶üֱۡУֱ۵ľ壬Ҳֱ۵ľ壬ֱ۵ľ壬ͱȽˡͨ˵ӵаֱ۵ľ壬Ǿ֮ӣӵеۻ֮࣬δĳɾͲ룬ʯǴ˵еľ壬Ǿе̳
ʮ˵
䣬СĲɵһ㶣һʱĳ
ʯпɽġ塯һпǾе֮ӣ
һ˱۾֣
СĲɵһզྪ
û뵽֮ʯ񣬾Ȼɽľ壬һǾе֮ӡ
ϣ츳ѪΣ촽æش
ɽһ壬˵Ѫ츳ɽжϵȵĴڡǧǧеѪܹᲢ۵ġ
ңһﻹǾе̳һ˱۾֡츳ѪŽ˵·磬ڣҪһ
ʮһһ˵
ײɵϢһϡ
ʲô
˱۾ֵ츳ѪȻŽضãڣҪѹһͷ
Ҫ֪׿ǻĹʮеһĴڣ
ݹǧǧ磬ܹ츳Ѫһµʿ࣡
ֻܵЩޡתһ룬ɽ壬һܹɽг׵壬Բһܹġ
ο˱۾ֻǾе̳
Ȼкǲˬ׻ǽ˻ʮ۶ϣ΢΢̧ͷǰߵʯһʱЩӡ
Ȼ˫һ־ϲؿʮʵϣ˵ҪǸ⡮˱۾֡Ƕһǿ
Ȼ˵Ҫ˱۾ָĻ˱۾δػ׵ĺ
Ȼ˱۾˾޹Ķһʯܾĥô˱۾ֿ϶Ϊ޾޹׻˵ĺã˵ĵ˾ѡ
˰˱۾ֵİһӳϹĹĻᣬͻһЩ
ʯư磬ҵĸоԲ龳磬ҪܹǵĴúܶ࣡
СĸƶЦð˿˿飬ڴؿʮ
СȵĿ⣬ʮɵҡͷЦ̾Ϣһϧ޷˱۾֡
Ϊʲô׵
Ϊ˱۾ֵʯУϾѾͷβرһʯУѾ޹е
ʮжϵ
ϧСİ̾һ
ƲƲ죬ûж˵ʲô
ϣʯ񡣡תͷԶһʯ
ȽĽūҳȡջָʮ˵ͷȴżһͬ̽Ѱݲʯ񣬶תͷļʯ
壬ֻܹʮūʮһһźһ
ֻʮū𣿡
üͷ壬ɫЩÿˣң鼱֮ûϸ鿴ֻǺһʯ񣬿϶ڴæ֮©ūûɵʯ񣡡
ʮֽŷɿؽʮūûɵʯΧһȦԵһȪʼĻ濾
ûɵʯһʮָܹ״̬
һСĳ˳׵½ǣοָ磬ѾܰˣҪ㣬ǰʮūֻ·һոµͲҪˡ
ص³һüͷȴζ޷չ


1932 С
ߣ̫ˣϹĹ̽ġû뵽ȴýðΣ̫ˡ
ǴϹĹгȥص֮ҶҪǰú˵˵
ʮһûسʯһš
ʯҡ˼£ʮߵֱۣλƣЩҪ
СŵС԰ףŭسŻʮһۣϣ߶˴ϵֱۡ
ޣûһѾǺˡʮӻͳһƺһڡ
ЩЦõŻʮ
ò˵ʮƢʱЩ֪ء
ϣЩʯܹܲ
ָʮдСʯУʯ񣬴жϣ˱۾ࡣ
ܹĻҲ龳ĸ֡
ʮغžƣⲽ׵ǰʼ۲ʮδݵʯ
ţϬţûɵʯϬţӵһף᲻ɴݣ츳Ѫ˱۾ȻԲһЩϬţǱϬţܹõԵɹΪױĻô츳Ѫ߽֮ϣĽצҲδܹᲢۡ
ʮȻĿһԿһͷʮߵӴϬţ
СĶʱѭȥ˫Ź⡣
צĴڣ
ϧϬţʯͬû޷ˡʮ̾Ϣһſʯ
ܿ죬ʮĻͺһˮСеϣ
Ыħеóöͬϣ޷
ʯʲôͷҲʶƺÿ£ûа£ҾȻЩη塣ʯǰһҪĴڡ
ʮһʯһʯһش̽һ
Уֻʯʮܹжϳʯ񣬾Ǽʶ㱥żĻʮҲ޷
ûʮǳźǣеʯ񣬶ûаûһʯܹ
ź
촽ЦãҪʯԸǳˡҲգҾͽЩʯȫ뱦УպڵĻʹΪΣغɡ
С΢΢һЦͬص˵ͷ

£һӣһεϯʮʯֱӽ˱ڲ
Ȼüͷһͷʮɿĵ档
СĲ׵ľٶʱҲ˳׵˹ȥ
ȥһֻȭͷСʯͷڵ΢΢š
ǣ
Сĺصɴˮ˫ɫŹֵŵ΢΢ʯͷ
ǰȥִӵϽȭͷСʯͷ
Сʮ׷״ǰ̽ϸ
ƺҲһ˶ʯ񡣡
ʮֻһۣʧ
Сײ̽һͬص˵ͷ
ȻʯͷϡƽҪǶϸֻģͦǵġ
ֽʯϸǵĺϸزһʱ΢΢һЦǿ
̯ƣȭͷСʯ¶Сʮǰ
ѽÿɰһƻޡ
С̲סһ¡
׵һԼĪȭͷСʯ飬ǳΡһģƻƵԲģ޺Ĵ۾ڱˣʱܲκε¶
۾׿϶Ϊһƻʯˡ⣬Ķˣһ֦ѾģҶӡ
ܵ˵һȵ
ϣɷʶ⣿еʯ顣
ʮľȻҡҡͷ
סСһͷһμֶ
һϢҪǡ
ʮȻһЦùʯ飬ʯ鲻һ˵ϡңдһ˿
˿Ȼǳ΢һܹܵõ
ʮһƶ˵
Ŷģ
Сķȭ߬һľϲ
˵֮ǰС׶ϣܹʵǿʯ񣬵ȫԸΥ
񣬾Сȫɥʧĵʱһϲ˵ǰ
Ȼġ
ʮٺһЦ¶һڽӲӵĻưΪŵظ֤ȻǳĿԲ󣬵ֻҪҽ߾ȫӦⲻ󡣡
Сһϲ̫ˣôɰһҪȻ
ȴûرһһϣľСбҪ𣿡
׵ԸǸڡ˱۾֡ʯһ˵İǷǳġ
ʧ
ΨһһԸʯ񣬾ȻǸޱȽСɰС㣡
ţһĪķ̣


1933 
ô֪أ
ʮ΢΢һЦСƻģʯ飬ʼȪ࣬Ļ濾
̣ʮĿתϤĵϡ
ʮӳ̶ȣƺҪԣҪ߳һء
Сģȱչˣǰ֮һ
һϣһ̲ͣ
׳ɹصõһǣֻҪָȬ̾ͿԳںǣ̶磬Ϊһʵʥ֡
СĹɵشӦһػ׵ԣʱöԵףôһԲغһԣȻоĪҸС

ͬʱϹĹڴ
ಡ
һɫӰٿƾճ֣һΣһɽС
ڳһڵһʱϳ˵ʵݡ

һӣһӰƾճǰȻǰ²
𻤷
²һΣ־ϲػܣЦ̫ˣڴǸϹĹӳˣò˵νϹĹ̽ʥȪʧأҲЩɥ
ϻˣϽһʱ䣬ȻָһЩ֮·
ûطһۣɫϾ
·
²һɫŹֵؿ룬ѯʵ𻤷ʲô˼
ҪӵĶࡣ
ɫ˵ʥȪȵ֮⣬ϹĹзʿ
Ҳ˵ϹĹϢпѾй¶ˡ
ڱҪսͣ
ȥ֮̽ϹĹһһʮ峤峤϶ǲ֧Ԯġ
ϹĹȻգȴһɣʥȪȱҪ콫ռС
ɡ
á
²ΣæͷӦȻһ٣֧֧ʵ𻤷㲻һͬȥ𣿡
ζһЦҧҾͲȥˡҪϹĹĳڴһʿҲýնɱ
ֻҪҵȵԮͿԺ޹˼ɵٶɱϹĹʿɱ⡣⣬һҪ޹Ĩɱѩޣ
һ뵽޹ıǸˣľһۣ鴤ֹ
ֶ
Ȼһӣһʯٻ˳ʯ𣬴ʯģ뱾˵ż
ö˵ʯǻֶ족ûɵʯ
ľ޹ȻӶֶһҴٶɱصԨʱ򣬶ҪʬΣ
һֱͳһƿšһȪʯ֮ϡţͼһ˿˿ָͷСĻ⣬غ濾Żûɵʯ
ȻֻССһƣ̺ȴСһԪĸ֡
ʱתۼţܿ͹ȥʮʱ䡣
һգʡ
²ڼ֮ǰ·ȫسʥȪȵķӶȥҪԮ֧Ԯ롣
ڻ룬ɽУϥȫĵϢ
޹һսڻ˲С
ҪڶʱڻָȬǲܵ顣ǣƾľΪҪȫ޸ãŻʮһϹ
ǣǡ
ڻǰԶĵطһʯĻĺ濾֮£ʯϵʯϵȻһӡĻ͵һ񣬽ʯȫ˳ȥ
лԮҪ岻͡ηؾֶѾΪһˣ޹ʳˣ
һץŻ֣æظл
žͺá
Ż΢΢һЦȻɫֶġʥȪȵԮһҾҪѪϴϹĹնɱ޹㱨ѩޣ
ǰһ
Ȼʲôæʵˣ塣ԨѨпһֻҹħ
ܵеľ⣬ʱɫһ䣬ЩɸֵǴȻôмƣʧ
Ϊм֮Ѿµࡣûϵڻָ֮󣬾ȻȻֻ׹ԨѨЩɥİҹħ
壬ҡεͷһԳʵ˼˵ǰҹħǹ⽫صԨȥģ
졣
첻ɵõһظоЩʱһ£Щ
һΣҪлڣ»һӢҪһˡ


1934 
ϹĹص׵һؾС
һ׵Ķڲ
ʮһȭͷСʯȫעţʮʯʯѾ䣬𽥵¶Ρ
СغһԣһֱµضŻʮеʯаš
顣
ȻԼĪȭͷСʯٿһʯƬ¶ɫıƤ
һɫĹӣһɬƻһ֦Ѿشض
ٺ٣ɹˣһѪʮЦٺֱЦ
ѽÿɰ
Сĵɴˮ˫һضŻʮе
ʱѾɹȻϢǳ΢ϵһ˫ӣȴѾܹת¶
ӡ
գ˫һޱȺض硣
СҪһ˭룬Ȼһ´ӻʮзӶ𡣶˵ɿתһɷǿɰ
ӴȻСڨڨܵº͵˵С㣬㲻Ҫ£ǲ˺ġ
ƴСգ˫һؿŻʮСġƾСλֺأ޶ԡ
ܹɹ˵һ漣ȻɹˣȻǳ
ȪǴ֮
ʮЦЦһУӻͳһƿšƿһ˵ϯ
ӡ
ᵽζһ˫͸¶ɫȴûзɾ֮ģǰȥ
һСһ
С΢ҡ̾Ϣһ϶Ǳ޹Ķӡ̫õʱ䣬Ӱİ׽ˡ
һˣСףس˳׵½ǡ
˫
ָ磬쿴ǸСɹˡ̫Ը׽СָƯڰе
׶ȥɵǰһ
û뵽ʮȻɹС㡣
Ȼ˵״һʼͲ̫С㣬Ϊϣڰ˱۾Ĵڡ
С㣬Ϣ΢ƺûʲôô
һοҲЩ档վǰȥϸ۲졣
СԹԣȪ
ʮٺֱЦ¶һڽӲӵĻưһͼǹƭĹ
ò˵ۻʮαֵ޺һնĸо
ӡ
һأԲϿʮ
Ȼһ˫۾ֱضףǸײ´½һ˵ɿתԷס
ֻȭͷС׵ת˺üȦϡ
ţ
ΪʲôСָ׽
Сʮɵһ
Ҫ֪Сʮֺûʲôá׾ôֱͦͦվţȻǰֵʮǡ
˰˼⡣
ҲҴӾ޹н˳Ż׽ա׳Ħ̱˫¶һĨܵɫ
С˼ص˵ͷ
׶Сž֮С׽Ҳûе
ǣҲǽ˰ҶҲž֮
ʮ߷߲ѵرԹ
΢΢һЦʮͷϢȡ
ϣС㣬ʲôΪʲôϹĹ֮У
̧ͷʵ
ʮƬ̣ҾСпĳʿĳҲˣڵصԨУвٱӡʯЩʯа˱۾ɽ顣룬ϹĹûба۸ӶᣬͶ컯ɾ֮ǰҲɽУвٵʿѾĴڣҽڲ̽
Сðͷ
ʮжϺе
ô
촽ҪԿܲܽΪҵĳ
һˣ׵ָƳһξѪݵǰ
С㣬ҪԸΪҵĳĻʳҵľѪǩԼȻˣҪǲԸĻҲλƯСǩԼ
ָԵСģСһ޺ı飬ŵС㣬ҪԸΪҵĳҿǩƽԼ
˭룬СתͷһСĺ󣬾תͷԥغס׵ָͷѪʳһա
ԸΪҵĳ
΢΢һЦ̫ˡ£׾ǩԼƴСƻС㣬ΪԼĳ
ӡ
ɹǩԼ֮Ե÷ǳ˷ܣϵ·裬зһö
Ҷһôɰĳﰡ벻ͨСΪʲôѡָѡ绨Ů
СļʵÿҪ


1935 
Сĸоǳˡ
绨ŮȻֵĺԽܡ
ԽܵǣȻԸǩԼҲԸСǩƽԼ
Ҫ֪СǩƽԼĻ֮ƽȵģֻҪԸ⣬ʱԷϳԼػ֮
ԼͲͬˡ
һǩԼôӽ׾ˡ˵һ˵׵κӣɱҲһΥ
£ûκһ飬ԸǩԼΪ˵ʹӡ
ոոȴˡ
С㣬ʲô֣
װĦЦʵ
ӡ
׳ɹǩԼ齻ԼҪĻ
ʲô
ɽ޾֮飬һö
׺Ȼʧһľ
СʮҲɫһΪԼˡ
壬˵ʲôС㣬֮飿
ңɽ޾֮飿
ʮĿѯʵ
׵ٶƬ̺ص³һһؿʮСġ
ûдȷôҵġ
׵ͷɽ޾֮飡
Сһƨڵء
֮飡
û뵽۵С㣬ȻǴ˵е֮飡
֮飬Ȼ飬һЯһ˿֮츳ѪΪڡ
ʥȪȵĻ룬ɽԨ¯֮飬츳Ѫͷǳڣݹ컯ɾܹһϸµĴָ
òС㣬ȻԼ֮飬˾ȵ°ء
ɣСȻǴ˵е֮飿
С΢ҡһ˼ضǣۣĶ˵е֮飿
ʮ΢΢ͷʾͬ
˵е֮飬һĸƺƴ󣬻صĴڣ
ֻаƴСС㣬ôҲǴ˵е֮顣
ϣ˵𣿡
ʵ
ʮľȻҡҡͷ
ƲƲ죬ĻҲЩš
ԺͽСˣвĦһ
ӡ
Ӷ׵Ļʹĥţƺǳƺ
ױЩЦһֽץУһʵС㣬ػشң֮𣿡
׵ɣȻоǳޣϵش顣
ǣ㿴֮顣ҵ֪У֮鶼ǻصĴڣʲô£
Цеʵʩչ֮
Ϣжϣǳ޷ʵΪ
ʮСҲȴСĻش
ӡ
ϵطӵ׽š
ʲô
ѰʿͬӲԣûνľΪ
ĽͣɵɫһЩЦ
һ֮飿
δš
ϡΪ֮飬Ȼϡ档ʮһ䡣
ҿССǸţ
СĶЩʱ߷ߵضⴧ
С㣬㲻ʲôͣͷĵش
͡
ǩԼ֮׵ʹӣԸԸ⣬Ҫ׵Į׵ˡ
Ƭ̺ײɵǰһĿࡣ
ʲô
Ȼ׶Խ
ʧ
׶ԽʲôСʮһۣЩɶͷԡ
һײɵĻŭţʼĵظСʮС˵ܹ׶ԽֻǴڵһ׶̬δпܽΪڶ׶̬׶̬ÿһ̬ʵͻᷢһɱ䣡
ϡ棬СʽѰʿͬ
ʮ΢΢ͷ
ǧǧ磬治Сķʽк֣ܶնشϡ׵˲ƫһ磬ǧǧУϡŹֵȥˡ
ָ磬С˼˵֮󣬾ͻ仯һ̬𣿾óģһ
Сĺʵ
ͷҲɣʵ˵Ҳ̫˽⡣һ٣¶һĨõЦҶСĵڶ׶̬Ƿǳ棬Ҳ֪ʲôʱܹ
ָ磬ʣνϹĹСĺ
׵ͷ
Ȼɽ޾֮飬ȴӡϹĹУп϶һԨԴ
һӺ
׿Цõ̧ͷСʮ˵һܣ֮ǰҲһˣˣҲ


1936 ö
Ҳ
˭
Сʮؿס
ǰ˱۾֡
촽Ц
ԭǰ˱۾֡ʮ˵ͷ
ˣС㾿ʲôƷζȻԸΪ˱۾ֳªĹĳҲԸΪŮĳ
Сһ
ӡСĵıԹСԭ
֪ԭףɵûȻһЦԷ߷߲ѵС˵СģС֮Բѡ㣬ΪϵԵϢϵԵϢǿδõɵĿѡҡ
Сһʱ
ԭѡ˵ķʽǱȽ˵Ե˭̺ԵΪʢ˭ǱԺܹﵽĳɾҲߡ
ױΪŽ壬ֵ˳̨Դඥһö֣ȪԵҪСʮǧ
ͬӵֵĻʮҲҪѷһ
С㣬ɽ޾ûãͱɷİ˱۾ָˡţ˱۾־ʹһЩʿ˹Ĺ֣ϹĹ̽ҵǣ˱۾С㶼޹Ķӡˣһ񡣡
׽
˱۾ĸ֣УϾС㣬ȴдһ˿ճɹȷһ֮顣Ҳֻ֮飬ܹӵ˾˵
ʮ
׵˵ͷ
ָ磬Сչʾı£Ҳҿ۽硣СȲشߴٵ
ǳ棬ֻаƴС֮飬ʲô͡
Цؿ
Ȼ֪ʱѾ׵дƺǳģ
Щģ˵ˣոոǳƣһǽҵıУԺеǻչʾ͡
СƲƲ죬ȻЩվû顣
ɡ
ʱһ˻ڶڴ
ǰҹħˡʮһۣ΢΢һЦֳ˶ڴķơ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ҹħһЯʮֻ𣬷˶֮С
ӡ
ſеһӵ׵ĳУ¶档
ҹħһôһӴʮֻ𣿡
Щ𣬶㽵𣿡
һȥֶ鶼һֻֻ׶Ĺ𣬲ɵúʵ
ɣ
ҹħعֽһʾͬ
ָ磬ⰵҹħ֮ǰ˵ֻܹʮֻΪʲôһӽʮֻ𣿡
Сĺգգ˫
밵ҹħƬ̣ЦⰵҹħڲдһĻǸںһ֡ԣڹһΡܹĹȻҲǱˡ
ԭˡСĻȻһĽĹ
ЩÿһֻӵԪʥߵΪȻʮֻǰҹħģֻҪԸ⣬ȫԺʮֻ
ĳ˵ʮֻҲ׵ĳ
ʲôʱҲܹӵһֻǿսͺˡСĸпһ
˵׵ĳȷʵǿƾޡ
аѪڷǳϡٵѪɫеʮӳ桢ٶּϡ档
аҹħʮֻڻһܹ׶Խ֮顰
һֻǿ뻪ļƷ
СĲõôս裬ֻܹõһֻܹõóֵĳĻŭˡ
ò˵˱ˡ
ֻǡ
СĲ֪ǣ׵ĳﻹԶֹЩ
ڵУ׻нһרϵۡ⻹һͷδܹ۾ޣ
ҪС֪һ㣬¸ἵʵ÷
ɡ
Ȼҹħյ׵ǰĹҵĸչ׵ǰ
ǣ
̽븹ңܿͳöϰٸѪӣҹħ´ˣ
һ͵ĦŰҹħ
ò˵ƽﱹļһԴӽϹĹк󣬾Ͳϵظָľϲ
ಣ
õ׵Ŀޣҹħǳ˷ܣ׷˼Ȧ׵ļϡ
ӣ
Ȼ׵ĳУɳһֻаƴСС㡣ȥһ̣ͨģƻ߰˷Ƶ
˫ſ׼ϵİҹħһ󼱴ٶ̶
ɣ
ҹħͬԵ÷ǳŭһ죬һƺʱҪǰȥҧ


1937 
ۿƲ밵ҹħ֮пܱͻ׵ֹס֣
ĦŰҹħܵƽ
ҹħҸոսĳһɽ޾֮飬ӦúദͬҲǡ
׽͵
ɣ
ҹħϵس죬׵İ
ҲţȻոոϢҲϵسŰҹħУ˿·硣
ǺǳԴˡС΢΢һЦ
ʮһھƣ̬仯
ڣŲʲôĳͻ
ಡ
ȻһΣ䵽׵ҼϣƵسϵİҹħţƺʾԼĵλ
ҹħĶܹһշĳѹƣ
ʱʮֻֽһ
֨֨֨֨
ʮֻʱ׷ɶس˶
ס֣
Ͻס֣
״
Ȼĳ˵𲢲ֱףǰҹħʹӣֻڰҹħ
Ȼҹħ׵ػޣֻҪԸ⣬Ժ
ǣİҹħȻǴ˼Ҫúýѵһ׵
֮£һӣһεϯҪԼıУˡ
ಣ
˭룬ȻವڿնԷ˶ʮֻأ޾ɫ䣬һξ룬ţ˴Ĵɫӡ

Ķɿתһ磬ֱӽĴɫӴʮֻ
顭
ʱʮֻ˶Ĺһһ׹̶һöеֱӴӿ׹
ŶҪǿֹһͻףһĻ󣬲ɵþһ
ûеô
ʲôӣΪʲôմȾһ㣬̸оԼһּ⽩ˣ
ҲǡӺùŹ֣ɶһͻƤ֮УѲã
ʮСҲڶУҲմȾһЩɫӣʱʧ
Ŷ
ǰһ׷ʵϣӺ
ʮ֣µص˵ͷһմȾҵļ̾뽩ҵҲҪһӵʱ䣬ָܹһڣҵжܵƣȻ˵̶ֳȵƣӰ첢󣬵ȴǳᡣ
׵˵ͷתͷСġ
СĲɵÿЦõҾͲˣҸоҵжٽһ룬ңҪʱָܹ
һٿ񣬶ʱһ˿֮⡣
Ĳ˵һУ˵ʹ档
뿴գ֮ʮֻʥߵĹһ飬Сʥֵжһ룬ЧҪǷɱսϣôÿֲ
һʱ䣬׸оԼ񵽱ˡ
սеҪǿöࡣ
ɣ
ʮֻһ֮УҹħʱЩ죬ɹֽ
ܿ죬мʮֻٶȳ
ӡ
һΣֻһɫĹâһţɵض˼ʮֻ׷ɱ
ţ˴ķۺɫĩУŹϯ
һΣСʮȫسſ˻֣ٴܵ
ķۺɫĩϯ䣬ʮֻȫûС
֨֨֨֨
һԭʮֻһϵشӸ߿׹صڵأʹطš
ʲô
׶ȥʹ෭ʮֻһʱ־ϲ
Ӧжˣ
ĩж
ʮ̽Ƭ̧̣ͷ˵
ж
Ȼһ
ɣɣ
ҹħ˵ʮֻȫжˣʱ׵ļϷӶ𣬻׵壬ġ
ãС顣׳Űҹħ΢΢һЦܵذųԶС֡
С㣬
һףԹԵطɵ׵ǰ
С㣬ҹħ飬æⶾ˵
ҹħһģ
ȻǳʹҹħɲϣԼò׽ʮֻȫ֮£ֻʱͷġ
ӡ
ҹħʾһ˫˵۾ʱõгһȻವһ׵ϣŰҹħӼС
һֱǰҹħϲſŵĵطռˡԴˣҹħȻߵ¶ȴûгܡ
٣Ҽſţ
ȻθڣȻҪȰҹħдöࡣ


1938 Ϲл
ӡ
ವһ׵ϷӶڰһȦȵ׵ͷϡ
ţ
̧̧ƤЩЦõͷϵ
СһȻԼԴˡ
ǵű죡
ױܵҪԴȴƺڽ
û취׾ټ϶ϲʱ޿κε̾һʱſԼԴϡ
档
СЦͷһƻףЦͣ
õ׵ĬԵΪ˷ܣʱҫسŰҹħƺҫԼĵλҪȰҹħ߳һΡ
Դˣҹħ㲻
ˡ
ߴٵⶾգȻĻʮֻҪˡ
׵Ĵߴ£ش׵ͷƯ𣬷жʮֻ
ӡ
ֻӶ˵紦һεεҺ壬һֻֻжĹϡһʱ䣬ֹͣ˰
ȻڵĶأѾʧˡ
æԼĪһӵʱ䣬ʮֻжĹ𣬾ȫָȬһɶ̬ȣʱʮȴת䡣˵ǰȥ˺ҧˣûС
ӡ
ɹڸ߿˼Ȧ׵Ҽϴ˯Ϣ
С㡣
һͳһƿݵǰƿУȪ
ᵽŨʱһϲ˵˲쳤̽˴ƿо˱
С㣬ҽҵıУúõʲôʱ򿵸ˣٳ
һһӣһεϯֱӽУգۼʧ١
һԶĻʮСġ
ϲָ磬ֵһԱ󽫡СһЦ
ʼ򣬡ֻˡ
ˣϡ
Ȼƺ뵽ʲôСӣƺܹ˵ļ⽩֪Թûã
ʮͷһЦ϶ҲõġΪ֮ǰСӣ˽Ҳǹӣж϶ҲܵһӰ졣
̫ˡ
ЦգĻǼһˡСӣǿԴ󽵵ͱΧ˵Σգû롣
СĲɵǰһ
ϧӵ϶Ծ޹ûʲôáҪȻĻǴֱӳصԨŴʱ֮롣
ʮĳ
ǣǡ
ʱڲʮΧ£һʯҲһĲʯʯ
쿴ǰҪˡʶ񣬵һתͷȥ
ʮСתͷȥһǰһ
һʱ䣬ʮū½ָ
ģһΪҪڵصԨأ
ָжһ
ʮūҲʼֽš
ɵĺ£
Ϊ㣬Щɥ
ʮһָ֮ʱӵۣһſھͳָ
Իʮѵ⣬εر˱죬ûг
ȻҲʶԼĴھΡ
˵Ȼ˶֮󣬾ͻûһʯ񡣵ǣȴһ
Ϊʯ״̬µʱûʧֻ޷߶Ҳ޷ſ˵ˡ
ԣʮǱصԨƴԮ飬У
ò˵ʮܹðΣվǳøж
ϣҳһ³ç嶯ˡʲôŭ𣬾ܳҷйգҾԴ򲻻ڡ
һؿʮ
㡭
ʮû뵽˵һξȻʾǻŭĻʮɵøоƿԡ
ǻŭҲ˲ʧ˴롣
ߣȻصţҾҪɵĺһһʮظ߸ʮ߷ߵһ仰㲻ٴ
塣
Ȼǵ׵ǰϹϾظ׾Ϲ
ǰǸʲôʹʹáæֲ
壬Ȼ˾޹ĶȻܹõõ㲻Σգ֮гԮǵľģ
˲ûֻ˵һ仰ӽҵģʲôõõҵĵطֻ迪ڣϵɽ»𺣣Ҷǡ
˵ţؾһ
һĻʮūʮСĵУƽؾһһ


1939 ˮ֮
Ҫ֪ƽǱԸ߰Ŀ˵ĴڡʱҲԸǡ
һθ׽ϹĹ̽׵ģҲȽϹġ
ֻΪ׵һλưˡ
ˣأ̫Ը׵İš
񣬵ðΣգнȳ֮һֵ̬쳣ǫ
ڣŵԣӽֻҪһ仰ϵɽ»𺣣ûаԹԣ
һʲô
ζŴӽǷһ顣ʲôʱҪˣ͵ʱ׼Ϊ׸ǣ
ٺ٣Ⱳӻͷһοǫ
ҲֻнܹһͷʨĸԸصǸ߰ͷ­
ʮٺֱЦ¶һӲӵĻư
Ȼ˵ʮϲĿ˵Ŀ̬ЩŻ˵һԸ񣬻ʮΪ͵ġ
ɣո׵ŵһǧ𣬾Բᷴڡ
飬պصĹɣһǿĺܡ
ǰˣܲ𣡡
ٶȲ
վʮūȫĿɿڴǰһУƺǰʵ
һʱ䣬ʮūЩ֪վԭء
ǻŸʲô
һ˦䣬ɫתͷʮūŭһϽ˿ͷл
һ˿ɣʮūԻæǰ׵ǰ
ɶ˾֮Ϊ
лˣҸͷˣ
ԺҵĸʲôҪܷԸ
ʮūˢˢعڵأԼͬؽԴڵϣҳһӣл׵ľ֮
ǹĹɵĵӣǰһĻ󣬿϶ᾪȵ°ء
ڹĹɵڶУʮ˽ūÿһһ߸ϵ滤˴֮⣬ʵӡ
ңʮ˽ūǸ֣ڴ£һ˿çĽʵ֮ǿͬʿܹ俹⡣
˭룬ڶи߸ϵ滤Ȼˢˢعڵأ׿ͷлһǸгһԴĵֱ죬ɼÿһū׵ľ֮ĵĸм
Ѿ֮ˣͲҪˣա
װ˰֣һΣûǰݵλֳƵףҪԶԶ߳ūһءԴʮū̬ȣȻܹԴᲢۡ
ʮūһڵأǼŵ棬أһ
һƬ̺ЩЦõתͷ
ǻϿл
ƲƲ죬ǳ⡣
лˣ
꣡
ʮūл½վųһУĿбӵشͷֱ׵۾
ǸţӽǲҵĽūҲǽʹӡǵҪҵҲҪӽķԸǱҷ˵˽壬ҶȡûУ
ѵʮū
ˣ

ʮūӦ
΢΢һЦδ
ò˵ȻԸ߰³çȴǸ壬֪ͼ֮ʿ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǾ֮
ָ
Сĳճյվһԣ׵ų֮顣
һŮˣϣԼǿ
ܹͷʮūݣʵκһŮ˶Կܡ
ɷ֪ĴǳΣ޷ϹĹгȥڻǰ¶ݣпܻɱ֮
ʮĳ
ĬЩشͷ
ϣǸǺãСؿʮ
ʮһ̾ûʲôõİ취֮£ֻתͷס
սܶʱܹһЩ˼롣
ǶˣʱͲҪǱˣǾȡ̵ʱڻָȬ¡
ü˼Ƭ̣
ͬʮͷܵתͷ
ôţҾô
һ
䣬ʮСĲɵһ㶣ȫЩЦá
˹˳ֱӡеĴˡ
˴һƬ֮󣬾͸ɢȥһϣԹԵơ
սС֮⣬ÿһ˶в̶ͬȵƣҪúһ
Ҫʮūڶڸ˻ģʮūܶķӡ󣬱ӶһҲˡ
֮£СԼϡȫעػڶλãϢ˻
ͬʱСĵڰţҲ֪ûԮ֧ԮҪϹĹдʱ̫Σˡ
ԸָܹԲߣմຣ
СŶڣżתͷضס


1940 ޽
ʱҴң׾Թ϶ת֮䣬һʱ͹ȥˡ
ϹĹڴȺɽһ۵ɽУˣϥԹԵصϢš
Ȼ˫һؿ룬壬һ󡣡
˫գأԼнţĻûתʮ󣬷ĳ˵
ҪɱϹĹУѩޣ
˫ȭ߬ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ϊ龳۷徳ĸֹ֣ΪʥȪȵ֮㣬֮ǰڳ̨һʶӵĴӴ¡
պյĴڣȴϹĹб˸ˣתûζܲˡ
У
뼸ûһ˿һԥͿڷ˻顣
壬ڶʵʲȥҧгݡ
ûд죬ԹԵš
΢ḧһɲľ
ۿûиı˼ʱȰ˵壬ҪҡƾҵʵֻҪҽһЩǲΣյġ
Էһ龳۷徳ĸ֣һ콣ʵ֮£Ȱ㻹Ǳðˡ
̲ĶУȴһ̶
û뵽ڻУʮ֮Ȼڻ죡
ûζ޷ܣеŭԽԶƣ
壬ҡ
Ҫڣȴˡ
֪ЩΪʲôҪ⽫𣿡˫΢΢𣬡ΪԸ̫³ç嶯ֺôϲ̡
΢΢һɫӵؿ롣
Ҫסʿ˵ΪҪġκʱκ£Ҫ侲
ֻллõɣ޽
ѭѭա
ֻллõɣ޽
׷ѰκεĶԹ𣬶ԵɿЦֵһᣡ
Ļͺඥһûéٿ΢Ƭ̣ɵһ죬ʱЩεشͷ壬ҳ嶯ˡ
΢΢һЦĵظľƣҲˡֻҪǵԮ˳ִôնɱϹĹеʿѴ֮ԣûбҪȥðգ
²ľΪڣܷ˳ϻʥȪȣԮһδ֪ûоԵİ֮ǰûǰ

ûȻЩĳǸ
ȷ
Ҫ²·ɱûܽϹĹϢͻʥȪȣôóȻϹĹпҲ޷ȥˡ
֪һħľ޹öôֲ
Ϊ˴ϣȴܹøԶȫ

ϹĹڲصһռС
һ۵ļ׶ڲ

΢΢˫³һ
ָ磬ˣ
ػڶڴСĿ˫ʱЦеؿס
׵ͷһЦѾָ߳ɣҪץʱںǣȡͻƿʥ磡
Ŷ
Ҫʼںˣ
С־ϲС˷ܵɫ
Ҳطںǡ
촽΢ЦվŻʮķһ
ʮ˫ס
ϣǰ
׼ںǣ硣ǣλãص׶Ԩ̫ǻԮɱϹĹ׾ͻҵǡ
ңҳɹںǣΪһʥĻ϶٣ʱǵĲ֮ͱ¶ˣ
һ˵ҲϣΪҵԵʣڲءԣҪתء
ʮ̵ͷʾͬ˵ûλãȷǻᱻص̲飬ҪҪҸطɽ٣ҪܵƫƧƫƧʲô̶ȣ
ʮԴ𣬡ƫƧǱ¶Ŀ꣬һɱǵĲ֮Ҳ
׵ͷһЦ뷨
⡣
΢΢һЦ׵飬ԺǿĴƺûԼš
²˳٣ߣǼ̳
ʮվһȵطɳ
ಣಣ
סСʮū
¡¡
ֻʮһӣһɫĹӰϯգ֮ͻûΪһǧɳսƯڰС
ǡ
ʮһŴ򿪣롣
Хսīĸ߿Уͺһҫ۵һգԵʯٶȣԶӶȥ
֪ںǣܷһٳɹ
УĪЩ


1941 ж̹
սѸףڻʮĲٿ֮£ҹЪط˽µʱ䣬ͣ
ǡ
Ŵ򿪣һӰϯվȺӰȻס
һÿԲ㹻ƫƧžǻԮɱϹĹǾԲѵطġ
ʩչѰۣһܣΪص˵ͷ
ߣȥ
֣һȵطӶ¡
粽ػ׵࣬ʮūǳΧ£׵
ʮһӣսͻûΪһɫĹâֱӱڡ
ಣಣ
һȺ˴ɽײ
Ÿһأ׾͸оһˮ˵ľɵΪ֮һ
õطɽ뵣һ޵ĸء
һһֻһԾ˼£䵽һʮ׷ԲĴʯͷϡ
ָ磬㲻һֱںǣ
Сһ˼ؿס
΢΢һЦص³һˡлǰڣܹҲвģҲֻлˡ벢һϹĹϹĹһʱҲҲ
һӣһӴǾͺ׵ǰɭ׵Ǹһ֣һɹϲɣϢ
СģģڣԲý⣡
ظĵֱ죬һػһԣ⣬ʮūָ£ֱվڲͬĽǶȣǱڵв
ڻʮһƺڲԶһʯͷϣЦеؿס
С΢΢һЦԶһƽ̹ʯͷϣ˫ֺʮ
ò˵һ벽ʥʱ򣬾Ȼ龳۷徳ĸֳָ棬Ľʺޡ
壬޹ĹޱȣħƽצֺҪβܹǸڣ
ԶĻʮһھƣؿס
תϸֳһĨЦݣȻа취˵ţϵһֱٻħƽצ˫צ֮ϡ
ƣ
˫צйע˴͵һǡ
һƽһըףϽߵĻǣûѡ
ڰϯ֮£ϸĻᷢλãһϸ緢˿ѷ죬֩һӿ
顭
˫צͣӰһǡ
һʱ䣬ǧսصɽСŴӸ߿ϯˮײһζ
ǣ
ڣԼĪʱ׳ɹǡǸֳһζԼĪһСǡ
׽ħƽצڣص³һɫЩ
СģҪһæ
תͷСġ
ң
С΢΢һһԾ˳׵ǰָ磬ҪҸʲô
ָԵһǣչһЦһ㽫ЩǣҵѪ֮УҲᷴڣһż⣬Ǹ״ҵ塣
һ٣С˲ɫСװοģҲµġҪеǣȫҵ壬һ
ΪںϵԽ࣬ͻƿĿԾԽ󣡡
һ
ңҡ
СĿһ۵ɭ׷ǣСԴҡεǲ˹һ
ֽһһ׵Ѫ֮У
ֱĥ
С˵ױ̣Ҳܡ
оĻ˵ģʹġ˼
СģҪţһҪѡһĻһѡ
ҪҾֻûˣ
׽üš𣬳˵
ԶĻʮٺֱЦСһСģһҶֵĻɲءҵù˽ءɲҪڣ
ҡ
Сıݽҧü΢ƺżҵĶƬ̺εУ̧ͷͷӦ
˵仰ʱСһɨеϧ֮飬ü֮һֱɽŮĹң
һе̫ˣ
΢ЦſСġ
ò˵СڲôС˵ʱһֶصرŮ񷶣ǿҵ
׼𣿡Сһһǣʵ
׵ͷ
ͣ
С͵һǾ׵ļϣûҵȡѪ˳ɭ׵ĹȾһƬѪ졣


1942 Ҿպ
Сϸĵ΢΢촽ţЩֵ̿ؿס
СչһЦҡҡͷ̫Сˣȥɲɡսϵǣ͵һֻһб׵ļ֮Уֻ¶ָ״СĹͷɫѪˮӿ
СʧӣС죬Сǻ֮̿ɫ
Сģӿ춯ԽӣҪܵʹԽࡣ
״ߴһȻһĨдЦݣκεʹ
ټһ
С˫ƺŬƽ飬֮˫͵һӣһεϯֱӽѵڵϵļʮǣȫ÷ɶ
ৣ
ʮǣСĵ֮£һƯת򣬶׼ףȫĸλ
Ŷ
Ҫͬʱ뼸ʮǣ
΢΢һҡͷһЦСĵľٶͷ
νʹʹ
Сͬʱʮ׵ڣԼЧʣʹʱ䡣
ȻˣôĻһ˲ҪܵʹҲҪ౶
ԶĻʮһĻɵһЦ¶һӲӵĻưԹԵһ׻˵ģ˳ϲҡ
ҿСĵעȫ֮ϣûʮĻĻСĿ϶ǰȥúһ
ɣ
׳С΢΢һЦ
͡
һ̣ʮ͵׵壬ɲ֮䣬׾һȫ˵̵ĴһʮǣͺƷذһ׵֮С
ƺһĴ̹ǵʹɵǺ
⼸ʮǣһУǣѪ֮УҲһֱӶ׵׵อ֮С
һʱ䣬ȫмʮѪðŽɫѪҺ׵壬Ҳؾš
ָ磬ôˣСĴ׵ıиܵʹ࣬ʱ˻Ƶصͺһ
û£
ѵ촽΢΢תͷԶĻʮϣҾƣ
ʮһֱӴӱڲͳһƺšƿ̧ס
һסƺͷ˹˵ع
Ҿպĸоһֱӵ˷θ̵ӵĸо
ǵҾǣ׾͸оȫƶҪȼˣѪҺڡеʹʧ١
ȡ֮Ǻ죡
𣡡
׵˫ȫת
ڵʱתա·ߣתš
СʮԼػڲԶȫŵؿס
ʱף൱ھĵʹ˱һ⬡ǣת֮ھ˲ӿɽ⣬޾Ѫӿţէһۣڽеףͺһһ
顭
׵ڳ˸ָĶƣһĹϯ
Сġʮˣȫ۾ضףᵽɤ۵λá
̶̵һʱ
ˬ
ʹ죡
ȫڽеףһϹһĨõЦݣȥؿԭеǣʱѾȫڣ֮Сǿ壬Ҳָ
ں˼ʮǵף˷ǵû¶һ˿һƣ̬ڣһܣƳ˴󲹵һ
Сģ
״ߴһ
ָ磬ѾڵȫںˣСһؿס
΢Цŵ˵ͷҲɹںڵǣң˵Ľõ˼̲
Ŷ
Сһ棬ףʱٳɣһӣٶȾ˼ʮǣ
͡
һ̣׵ȫٶȲǣһ⬡
ʱҴңת֮䣬һҹʱ͹ȥˡ
һ̲ͣںڵǣм΢һʱ䣬ڣһҹ֮׽еǣȫ֮С
˾ǣܴݲеףǵûһ˿һƣ̬ڣݹ˵״̬ǳϲˡ
ָ磬ѾеǣȫˣСһЦ
Ǻǣˬ
΢Цŵ˵ͷںôǣоųɵİһͻƿ磡
˵ţص³һȹľƺ˻ʮԹԵرĿ׼ƿ
Ըָܹɹ˳磬Ϊһʥ֣
Сıݽҧ
ХɽеٲֱǧߣˮĿ


1943 ޶
գ֮䣬ʱȥˡ
һգĿףȻȫѪڣȫļһֿŵ̬޾Ѫش׵ϯƳ죡
ţָҪˣ
С͵̧ͷĿ˸˸ضס
ԶĻʮҲؿס
ƣ
ٿأֻһƽըװıϯĿֲƣһ˲һ̨ס
ÿֲơ
СԶʱо̩ɽѹĸоüѹСĵȴǸֳһĨЦݣ̫ˣûжϴĻʥֲܹӵеģ
С־ϲؿף˵Ļ䡣
ȣ
СϲЦտ֮ʣȻֵͺһ˵ƣʱٶȽڽһʱ䣬ɢƣѹССҰףϢҡ
ʲô
ָոͻƿ磬ܾͱ˿ֲ
Сһ˼ضףͷϸܵĺ飬ô˵ҲʥְȻָǰԱƽȣ
ʱ˿̣Сĵ൱ӡ
ΪĹɵǧС㣬Сĵ츳Ѫͬʿǳ͵ġ
ûϵԼǰȻصشСĵġ
ͬʱСַǳˣΪ׵ͻƶеˣΪ׵Ľе˷ܡ
ַĵļ뻶ϲȫڵСԼ磬Ϊʥϲã
ˣ
ԶĻʮشƽ̹ʯվЦеס
ڳΪʥˣ
ƶЦĿؿɽеס

ԼĪһӺ׷Ϣһ˫
ָ磬ϲ㣬ɹ磬Ϊʥ֣
СЦеף׼ʵţССҸ
ĦСĵ㷢ŲõЦݡ
壬ɹͻƿ磬ⲻ˵ģϿ׼
ʮһӣ׵ǰ໥罺ˣæһ䡣
٣κһʿ˵Ҫ顣һɥ
ȻףѾΪƿ磬ǣܷسΪһʥ֣Ҫܷ˳ضɹʥ١
¡¡¡¡
ʮ䣬ƺӡ֤ʮһ֮϶ʱ˴ƬƬصĽƣһɫĵߣڽ֮ش
޾׻ȼīؾӳĵͬ硣
ָ磬СģСرһ£ԹԵ˱һԡ
ģɽٶ˵ֻǴһѻᣡ
Ǿ͵ҵĺϢɣ
΢΢һЦ͵سֻವһ˺һ˱ǹһ˸߿С
ע⻤
һԾʮūػΧһصֵǱڵв
ʮСģԶԶ˱ܿնȫעضſҪɽٵס
¡¡¡¡
յĽƣظʮ㣬޾ĵ׻ڲڣĺĵش쳣ա
ɣѾȲˣ촽΢΢һЦ
䡭
ٿأһˮ״ֵɫףͻأش˲仮գ׵ϡ
׼ͻȻٵɫףûиеһ˿һ⡣
ǣ˾ǣ׸ûκεĵֵ
Ǿôֱͦͦնɫ׺ԼѪ֮ϡ
ָ磬Ҫ
Сŵһ͵Ϊ֮һ
ʮҲƤһ
ɫ֮ٶȥСʮͲɵһզྪȫ׿ֲǸˡ
׽ƾͿ˵һ׽٣ңϵɫ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
һ㣬Щš
̶ֳֻʧ
ɹ˵һ׽ٵףΪŵ̧ͷǵصĽƣٿһƣ¶һĨаЦ
ҵȺ򲻼ˣ
һɴģ
Цһ𲻿һħ˵ٿһ֮Уգ֮䣬׵ȫ¾͸һʵϽۣڹؽڴλãǳһһĵ̡
״̬
ಡ
û״̬ףٿس𣬺һǹһһͷ˽Ƶ֮С
ҪСŵЩһƨڵأСɷס
ʮˣҲľɫ䡣
Ƿ𣿡
һȻֱ˽֮Уⲻ𣿡
ʮüЩš


1944 ֮
ھʿ˵ɽٶһǳµ顣
Ϊܹɹɽٵʿֻռٷ֮ʮʿ᲻ҵٵ졣
һ;֮٣ٽ٣Ƕʿһֳͷ뾯档
ֵҵǣÿһʿڲһոµĴ󾳽ʱӭٵС
һ˵츳ѪԽǳڵʿԽпܻ٣ң츳ѪԽǳڣҪٵ٣ҲԽѡ
ҪԵʥ٣Ϊֲκһողʿ˵֮ɫ䣬޲öԶԶġ
׵ãǵ㣬ֱһͷ˽֮УҪ֪ǽڲ̺޾ĽףѰʥǲ׹У̾ͻҷ
顭
ըϵӿĤ޾׻ߣը˿׵Ӱûڽ֮С
壬һҪסۣ
ʮͷһҾƣ
ָ磬ǧܶһ˲ܣСĿ˫ֺʮľؿ߿еĽơ
¡¡¡¡¡
ʱһһţÿһ룬ڲٵըͬʱǧսַ·޾䡣
޾׽֮Уÿһ֮䣬Ҫٵ׵ĺը޾ϯ죬ɴ˿ɼĴжôΣ
ת֮䣬һӵʱȥˡ
ըĽףŻصĽ֮Уֻżӹߣ֮⣬еһȫƽ
ء
ʮ֮УһĨԤС
һӳϵĺը龳ĸֶûдϣ׶༪ˣ
Ѱ·ƾҪɹɽ٣ӦⲻģƫƫԷ٣
Ҿý˵ܹһԲó˼ά⣡
ɫصնԵʮūȫ̾Ϣһ㱣ƺΪʮа˾ɥȪˡ
ָ硭
Сģ̱ڵأ˫ĿضŸ߿еĽƣһ仰˵
ڹȥһʱڣÿһαըСĵ֮һ£ǧٱ⵶Сĵ˵ʹ
Хʡ
ʮСʮūڴضŸ߿еĽƣ
ϣô
ɫϾؿԶĻʮ
ʮü˵ΪŽ壬ǼΪڣں˴ǣƱؽһΣţܹģ
ʮڱʱһһ٣ƺҪ˵ֺ˵Լ
Ȼ
ʿҪΪѾڽзɻʱ򣬾˵һĻˡ
𡭡
ֻһƽըװХӽ𣬺Ϊ֮һ
ǣ
ʮüͷһ־ϲضȥ
û
ϲԵʮūǴľŵ̧ͷ
ָ磡϶ָ
СĽУȻһɿֲ͵سһ˫ˮӣֱضŽС
ХȵĿ֮УһȫŵߵӰ첦¶˳
ȥһߵӰⱩ͹ȫ¸һϽۣؽڴһһļ̣ʱһ䡣
Ȼ״̬µף
ǽ壡
Ҿ˵ӣԲȥģ
ΪŽ壬һҪĽѣɥأ
һ۲۵Ȼ»ܹǺţ
ڳһʿȫզпĵһĤ֮顣
ǿ쿴ı󣬺һԳ򣡡
ȻʶǷʲôָ߿еޣ
ʱСġʮʮū׷ѭȥ
Ȼ޵ı֮ϣȻһʮľ޴һɫĳģĳ߰˷ƣ£ʱ򲢲עĿһչʮĳʵ벻עⶼѡ
򣿽ȻһԳ򣿡
֣
ʮһľϲ
ڻʮ׼׵ʱ򣬽ţһ˵ľˡ
𡭡
ֻһ쳤Хһӣֱӽڵıٻ˳
ʱһ޴ıھ֮ϣڲѪȲֹκˡʮСĶȥ̾ͷ磬׽֮󣬷ɱ䣬ռϰٱ֮ǰ֮
˾ǣʱ˿̣ɱıڲѪһӴУһɿֲӱϯƺڶһ


1945 ½
¡¡¡¡
ڱĿֲڶ̶̵ʱڣͲֻһıϹĹصһеɽʯȫڷ֮Уӿ˱ڲ
һֲ쫷ϯؾ
Զĵ棬ʼعѡ̮޾ɳӵӿ׵ıڲ
һžѣڻʮСĵ˵ǰ
ţʲôı磬ȻҪؾеɽʯ
ӣƺ岽֮󣬲˵ʵɱ䣬ıҲʵɱ䣡
Ǵ˵еı챦磬ȻֻǳʥıƷʣ龳۷ֶҪ߳üΣ
Сġʮˣ׷֧Ż֣ԶԶ˱ܿ±׵ıڲ
һ̣׵ı磬һ޵׺ڶؾеɽʯ
ޱ޼ʵؾڲɽ̮عѣ·һѡ
ɡ
ڵؾУһֻͨڵĺڰѻɶŸ߿еľһӺҹһɭҹĻ˸˸Ź⡣
ǰҹħڳ϶ڵһʱڰѻĽ
һ˳ϹĹʱ򣬾һɡĹֽֽ·һ˵ħֱʿԺ𣬼Ϊ㤡
ʱ˿ֻ̣ĺڰѻŸ߿еľŹ⣬Ƭ̺ȻһΪһƺ̣ƾʧ١
ֲѣҹʱ䣬Żֹͣ
ȥؿ׵ı챦ڲɽʯѵһγһһ߼ʵĴ½
ףȻϹĹӶɽʯԼıγһ½
ò˵ʵ̫ˣ
ɣ
ڣ׵ͺһƾγһޱ޼ʵĴ½½ɽڣٲȻһ硣
Ǻǣҵı磬γһĴ½
ҵı磬˾޴ɱ䣬ǿռ˺üٱңռȶ̶ȣҲͬն
ʮ
ڱڲѪɫ·裬߮ڱϿգƺڻ裬ʾĵ
գ
ȻһӣֱӽԼ֮Сţɫһ˾ͻûһ⣬ԴӸ߿и£˻ʮС˵ǰ
ϲ壬ɹ磬Ϊһ½ʥ
ʮٺһЦֿ죬¶һӲӵĻư
ӢţǾף۽磬ʵͶأ
Ц׹ֵϲȻһתȤ´οɲҪðˡ㲻֪еʱжôĵǣΪأ
λǰܾˣ
ҲΪںǣıڶɽٵʱԿԼðճ˽֮С
˵شңøڵǣ׵תΪԼһ֡ԼƷʣһΣ
Ц
ָ硭СΪί׵ĻУǧҪ˵׵ĻУ׼ʵţеĳԹͶƮɢˡ
װظСĵĶͷЦݲá
壬ǣﵽʲô̶ȣʮʵ
΢΢һЦתͷԵһūıٻ
ң
ٵ꣬ƺԤеʲôЩ鲻ԸؼԼıֻϵһһɫؽͳ˵ǰ
һ۲۵ʥȻʥвʮֳڣȴʵʵġ
õʥң
΢΢һЦ
ʲô
ɲУʹãٵĽūæԴҡεúƲ˹һ
ʵһʼʮ˽ūԴ׵̬ȣѺá
ǣðΣգʮūӵصԨоȳ֮ǶԴ׵̬Ⱦͷһٰʮȼת䡣
ףǵľˣĸôܹνأ
㹥ң͹ңҪǡ΢΢һЦ
ٵ꣬Щɵؿһ
΢΢ףʾͬ
ãˣ
ٵ꣬ͺһһɫؽͳ¡
ɫؽ֮Уδ̺һ˿һҲʮƽȻūڹˮ
µɫؽױ˫֣΢΢һЦȻ׽ŲһתԴӭ˴ɫؽ

ֻһصĽʮūĿĿУɫؽصط˳ȥ
׵Դȴ
ţǣȻʥˣ
ֲ̫ˣǾȻʥֱһα
˵ƾǣͬʥУܹ俹ָ
ʮūһһ
Уٵ꣬׵ľٶŵʧЩ޳
ģһʧ׵Դˣ
ָ磬
СһϲףСĵžž졣
壬ǣδҲֲ̫ˣҵǿȣҪѷһ
ʮһÿһס
׵һЦϣǿޡ״̬µǣƽʱҵǣû˱̬
ޣ
Сĵˣȫؿס
׵һЦһȭţЦҲˣҵߣңڡޡ״̬ҵı󳤳һԳǡ֮ԳҵٶսһΡ
Ŷ
֮
ʮ̰ױЦʵ壬ܷչʾһٶȣ
ҡͷһЦշлչʾġҿظ֤ٶȣȫΪֻƨɺԻң
䣬ʮˣȫǰһ
ٶȣǿ̹ģǳѸݣΧ׷½أʮѡ
׾Ȼųԣ˵ֻԼƨɺԻң
ɴ˿ɼ׶Լٶȣжôţ
̫ˣһպǽص׶㣬ʱ֮ŵĻὫС˷ܵ߬ȭͷ
壬һʡ
ȻʮʲôһؿףīˣҲġûޡģǣȴδûɡޡ̬ûԸ֮Ϊʲôи֮
ৣʱС׷״ʿס
ܵеľɣ׵ȻһЦ͵Ϊ֮ĵҪ㹻ĴЧеġ
ں˴ǣ޾Ľ״Ż֮һĻᣬ̬ٶȷɱ䣬˸֮
֪īˣȻҲںһǣԣû޾Ľ״ԣû֮Ҳʵ
ĵ


1946 ױ
ʮСһʱȻ
ԭ׵ĵױޡ״̬һصĴЧڽΪһʥֺ󣬾һܹʹޡ״̬ͻƣ̶áޡĽױ
ڲ֮ǰҲ֪ԼܹӵСޡĽױ״̬
ֻں˴ǣ޾Ľ״ճɹ֮ϲ
Ⱪޣҵױ״̬Ҳҵջ񣡡
⡮ޡı״̬ҵƷ˺üΣ
Ϊܵػȭͷ
Щʱ򽫱Ҫɵ£ǻõӦĻرģ
壬ܹáޡı״̬ĳ̶ֳ˵ĻԵˣҪһ˻Ҫö࣬Ľ
Ըпһ
ʮСȫͬص˵ͷ
ˣ塣
Ȼʮ̧ͷףµѯʵȻ˵⡮ޡı״̬õطֻջ񡣡
ôΪʥ֮õطʲô
ʮ񣬵ɴ˫ס
Сʮūȫס
ܹõط
촽üëһ˲ɱؼһ깥ط
Ŷ
˲ɱؼ깥ط
Сľһ׵½ǣҪ״չ֡
ʮҲ׷׳͡
ͷЩεЦЦ첻úõرһԼĻõطСʮˣǲŹˡ
ˣˡ
СʮشߴУ΢΢һЦЭתأȵ˰ȫشٸչʾҵط
ԣʮСĲɵһЦ
ðɡʮ΢΢ͷ

£ʮһӣŸٻ˳ǣŴ򿪣˾Ҫս֮С
طȻ㹻ƫƧǣΪ׶ɽٵĹϵѾױ¶ˡ
һؾеĳطʵǿޣʥȪȵѾؾô׾Χˡ
ʱһ˵ĴΣˡ
Ϊȫһ˱Ҫɽ֮زС׵Ĵ˷ɽ٣̫ĺ䶯Ҫ͵ǲܵˡ

ʱԶУȻһƬѹѹĺϯ磬ֱһ˵ķ˶
ã
ʶڵһʱתͷԶա
ǡ𣡡
öĹдǧֻ
ʮСķ׷תͷȥɵɫ䣬¶֡
ʩչѰۣѭȥʱһ
ȥĹγһƬյƣϯÿһֻ𣬶͹żΪŭ˶
ҲУ
ţ֮Ĺ𣡡
ʮȻָһգתͷȥʱʮֳء
ָ磬ǲǷŭˣ
ؾеĹɱˣ
Сһŵؿס
εӡ
ö˵ЩŭĹ𣬿϶Ϊ׵ı罫ؾеɽˣĹʧȥԭеļ԰ЩĹҪˡ
û뵽ϹĹĵصһؾУȻ֮Ĺ𣡡
ϡǰǸϽʩչ
׽
У
˭룬ʮȻһھܾ׵飬ҷȺвֻǾǶ˵ص׿ռ䣬һ⵽ġ
ǿǺã
СĶͷϸܵĺ顣
ǷģڣȻù˺һëģ
ʮһӣֱӽսڡ
ŵͺһڷӿһɳ콣ţ޾Ľɢһɫؽڴ֮С
顭
ʱԻʮΪģסСʮūȫ콣֮С޾Ľϯ𵴣ɽʯ׷ɡ
ҵ콣ڣҵҪֻ𵨸ǰ
ʮɹ콣ϸֳһĨȻ֮ɫ
ý壡
˦˦䣬ɫϾ׵ǰʮūǷɢ׵һһػС
֨֨֨֨֨֨
һʱ䣬ԶĹȺѹѹϯֺѹǳݵĿֲơ
ȻǧֻڵĹ콣ʱȫŵɢһ״޾Ľ֮⣬ҿһ
콣еСģǵصĹȫ콣סˣɵοһЦص³һ
ªĹбҧǰ
СĵƤسǧֻŷȭ
֨֨
ȻмֻͲס˻˽֮С


1947 Ӱ˲ɱ
飡飡飡飡
ֻ಻סĹ𣬸һ콣֮УͱϯĽʳ˵һ˺ˣ콣ĻᶼûС
֨֨֨֨֨֨
˲ļֻ𣬳Ϊڶǰ֮ԭĹ𣬷׷˱ܳһξ룬ԵüΪֻš
ȻǶ뱻ϯĿֲɱ
һʱ˽ֽ׶Ρ
콣ػǵصĹ𣬸޷˺һˡһˣҲɵش콣г
ড
ȻȺеļֻзһ̶˻ͷųһ
ʮֻڹȺеƺһԼͬشӸǶȣ콣еһͷ
ã

ʮۼֿ죬ȫת콣޾Ľգʹڴ͸콣ʱܵ˼
ˣȻоĤ𵴣Դ˵һǰðһſŽǡ
Сʮū͸Ǳˣֱƺһ̱ڵء
Сģû°ɣ
ֽСĸСҰףһ˿Ѫ

ͺһ͵ش߶ڵçĽָŸĹȺȥ
ͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ʱһɳçĽָһУؽɱĹ
ֻһıƱçĽ֮һֱֻֻӱΣŴ
ɱ
ɱ⣡
ʮʱҲɱʢش߶޾Ľ˷
ǵصĹ𣬼콣ڲʮҪ׼ܹɱһֻֻ
գ֮䣬ʮնɱϰֻ
ҵģ
СĲʾȫ߶ڵСǧͬͷųһĽնɱĹ
ʮūǽһ󣬿ʼɵͷһĹơ
һʱ䣬콣еĹ糱ŰɱĹ
һĹ򣬾߰˰ֻɱ¾
УçĽһĲٿ֮У˳ؽɱֻȺ׵ĹȺңһɢɳһɥʧ˶־ҵһӵʱ䣬ȺͿʼɢ
Ĺ𰧺ų˷Ӷݶȥٶȼ죬һҪĽɱ
ড
ֻŬһʱ󣬷ָ޷˺콣еʿεذһ͵һᣬԶշӶȥ
ǺǣȺСʶ࣬ҪһǾҪɱؾеĹˣ
Цһ߶çĽؽɱʣĹ
ϣ쳷콣󣡡
ʱ׳Żʮͺһ
콣󣿡ʮЩؿס
ȺѾɢȥֻʣһЩֻС塣ȫԸơ
׵
Ҳãʮһ͵˵ͷһգ֮ͽϯص콣֮С
һϯ죬ɷԲĿֲ󣬾Ȼգ֮ͱһ͡ĺ߸ڡ
֮ӾֻĿòܹܵе𺳡
λ
תͷһСʮЦǲҪҴչ֣ʾһҸѧط𣿡
ڣͲ۾ˡ
΢΢һЦĸ֮͵һವһֱӻûһɫĺ⣬ҲƵǧɿһȺ
ৡ
Сġʮˣȫѭȥһ
ÿٶȣһգ۾ͷɵ׿⣡
컯ɾٱ
СĿԲһզྪ
ʱ׼ȼݣ
һʮūɿظǰȥ
ֻҪһΣվأʮūͻԮԲ֮ݡ
Ȼһͱߵط֣ǵٶȣȫӵи֮ףȫֻгԻҵķݣ
״˷׷ĹȺܹҲֻ߰ʮֻ׵в̫󡣲Ⱥһֻó깥ȴҪӽ
ড
ƺ˶ף˻һûκεԥͷųһƺҪһ˲䣬׵꣬Ϊһ߸ʬ
ǸһҵطӰ˲ɱ
ײϯ΢΢ƣƺûнС
͡
׿Ҫеһ˲䣬ױ֮һԸ͵ȫչѪڣ޾Ľ֮У˲ûһεâ
Ȼ˾ǣεâһΣವһƾʧ٣δڹ
ʲôط
ʧˣһȻʧˣ
ԶĻʮСĲɵõɴ˫һĲ˼顣
֣ҾȻδܲ׽Ӱ
һΪʲôƤӵʧ
״ضǰ龰һʱ䲻Լ۾


1948 ֮
ʧˡ
ôĿ֮ƾʧˡ
ʮ龳ĸ֣δ
˾㵲ĿУ׵Ӱƾ˲ʧڸ߿С
Ȼû˷ֵǣʧͬһʱ䣬׵Ӱȴûʧ
û׵Ӱӡ
ȻˣϹĹĵصһؾһƬκεӰӡ
ǣûй׵ӰӲڡ
ֻҪһ˿ͻᷢڲãĴϣһεâɿ촩ţѸ磬գ֮䣬׷ǰһƬӰ
ʱͷųһçĽɫĽ˷Բա
ǧҪذ
ؽҧΣ֮ʱ׼ݡ
쿴ϣ
ʱʶĻʮȻԶϵ䡣
ৡ
ʱСĶȥ
ֻڲãĴϣһεâɿ촩գ֮ʾ׷ǰһƬӰһƬӰȻǸ߿еĹӰӡ
͡
ֻεâ˲仮գӰȥ
һ̣ĿһĻˡ
߿Уԭƾʧףٿƾճ󣬶ңʱѾûһεâ͵
ড
ʶ׵ӰͻȻֵһ˲䣬ѾȻΪʱֻһƽ˺ѣεâ˲壬һΪ
Ѫ䣬׷Ʈ
һɱ
ţǿָȻһ֮ڣնɱ
Сޱ𾪵Զգһʱֱ
ʲôطȻ˿ֲʥ۷ֵĴڣȻһбɱˣ
ʮһզྪ
ʲô
һȻ˳նɱ
߶çĽʱ߾裬׼ס
Ȼ׾ٵնɱ󣬶ʱɫ䣬һľ֮ɫ
һ֮ڣնɱ
Ҿ֮ȡϽ׼
׵ոµطӰ˲ɱ˵Ƿǳ߳ط
ǳأԷңɱʮ㣬ܹɵԽɱУ
һǿ׵ط
˵ˣʧһ˲䣬龳۷ĸֶδܲ
Ըп
ʱ˿̣԰Ŀ˵ļһЩˡ
ʮūһһʱĳ
Ϊʥָ֣һ˿çĽƽҲĸ֮ȻʱʣȴȻԼ׵СӰ˲ɱĻͬûа취ܣ
ֻбһնɱķݣ
һˣʮūɵðˣоǳʧ䡣
ȻСġʮΪ׵ıݶʱ̣׵һֱˡ
飡
һնɱһӣһεϯ£ֱӽһö׵С
Ż΢ĴУײɵϲһЦһֱӽ˱С
֨֨֨֨
ʱ߰ʮֻʼһ˻ų˷ӴܿȻ˶ڣնɱ֮ѾеĹȫ˵ûΧס
ȥ߰ʮֻ𣬶ɥ֮Ȯһἲɡ
ʱʩչҵһط֮ˣ
΢΢һЦԣ꼤һεܴϯ
࣡
ţ͵ƶʱ׵֮УһȦһȦĻֲֳ֮ɫƽĺӽһʯӣһȦȦ˿
˵ʱʱ죬֮һ֣ڵʯ֮䣬˶ʮֻɢӴܵĹ
顭
ʱʮֻȫͷӬһŤشӸ߿׹ڵءһƴųҪӵϷӶȻÿһֻǺһʧȥ˷Уƾڿն
壬ֻ
ȥ
ٶͷųˡ֮ࣵһһϯ¡
ʱ֮еĹȫ͵һ˼³򣬾ɢһ߾߸ʬ
ɱ
һ֣ûйܵѾĹ𣬷͵һٶԶӴܵĹ
깥
û뵽ָҲѧһ깥
СһĿ࣬ޱ۵ظп˵깥ƷҪǳߣΨֻǳڵܹ깥ɱɱָȻҲѧ깥ɱǳˣ̫ˣ
ѧһǿ깥ط˵Ǵḻ׵սֶΣ


1949 
ɣɣ
ſ׼ϵİҹħԴӿĹʼͲͣɹֽš޲ɱȺС
ϧû𣬾ͱ׸ǿкֹˡ
ʱ׸ոͻƳΪʥ֣ҪùСţȻܹҹħˡ
״չ֣׵ס˻ʮ֮󣬱֡
ȥգҴɨս
תͷĦŰҹħ΢΢һЦ
ɣ
õ׵ͬҹħʱȻȴûи°״ɨϺ˵Ĺʬ壬ֱԶĴӴܵĹȥ

촽ЩεɶݵİҹħҲһӣһεϯ£ɢڵϵĹʬʿڵһεѪӸ˳
һսһնɱֻҲкüֻջѪ飬νջķᡣ
壡
ָ磡
ʱʮСҲӹʮūһ׵ԣһ׸ӵС
壬طʵ̫ˣСӰ˲ɱҾ֮ȡϽ׼ıɱ
ǽɽв˳ɧ꣡ЩϹͷƺѾʱĳ̭ˣ
ʮֿ죬¶һӲӵĻư
΢΢һЦǫѷֻһЩСˣΪ档ϵľ콣Ӱ˲ɱ롮֮һЩС⡣
ɲʲôС
һطǡӰ˲ɱʮΣ޴󣬾ңһʼҲûܷӦţƾһУȫɱͬʥ֣
ʮūһĽʺ޵ס
ʱףʮūУֱһĴڡױʮūĸ棬걬
ϲˣϲˣ
ʵϲɺأ
ʮūϲЦտǰء
ǵľˣ˵ǿ׵ķΪ׸еοġ
ңֻĳһ棬ʮūһʮūоЩĽ֮ĸ
ʮū׵ʵ˽͸֮Ǿͻᱯߵط֣ףͲͬһˮƽϵʿ
оŻ˵ĺãһ˱һʱʡһԶԶʱͲĽ
Ʃ磬ͬһѧõͯһǻõһһǻõڶôڶͯڵһͯĻʣȴΪĽġ
˵õڶͯȻԼһͯΪˡ
Ȼһٻ״ԪͯǰôͯͲἵ״ԪΪ״Ԫ֮Ĳ࣬࣬һȼĴڡͯἵ״ԪὫ״ԪԼĳݵż

ףʮūУһֵóݵż񣬶һֵøϳĶ֡
ӡ
׵˵֮ʣȻһɫĹӰһȵ׵ͷ֮ϡ
ö˵
ÿɰССһе֮飬Ҫ
ϧ֮⣬ϲİ˸ͷϵ֦ʱɿתವһ㿪Сĵ֣ת׵ĻС
ӴС㣬ָò
׽סȭͷСۻϢɵһЦ
õ׵ĿޣΪػ˼
ˣָ硣ǡ֮깥𣿡
Сıˣ㬵֣ס
׵˵ͷ⡮֮طҳɹ֮󣬾ͺӡҵԺУҸôĦˡǣȻѾƿˡ֮ؼϾǳѧէʮֳڡ
һ٣Сʮ˼ĿУ׺ȻһתЦǣңƾš֮㹻İջپ
ԣСİͷ¶һĨοЦ⡣
ѧ˻֮һȱ㣬ḻ׵սֶΡ
ףǣƷʣͬʥг͵Ĵڡ
ͬʿУ׼һĴڣȫȻûпɹߡ
һ֮󣬷׷׿ʼɨսһսһ˷ǵûгһն˴Ѫӡڣõ˺üö顣
Ǹ֮У⸣֮
ɡ
ܿ죬߮İҹħˣʮѪӡ鵹һҲûУȻÿһֻˣҹħ޴Ѱ
ӣ
һҹħڿնҫسŰҹħһл
ԴˣҹħδԹԵ䵽׵ϣشһǷ硣
ָ״̬Ҫú۸۸ҹħ˭밵ҹħȻȫˣЩһ
Ҳûа취ܰҹħǷѾ˯ˣҲûپˡ


1950 ۺ

ʮһӣһǧɳսƾճڰУâ䡣
ǡ
ڻʮָ£Ŵ򿪡һ롣
սڲ
һΣɢ䣬״ӡޡ״̬ת˲ͻָ״̬
λʱһӳȥˡ׳
ʮ΢΢ͷͬ
ϣʲô𣿡ЦŻʮ
ʮƬ̣ĳ壬ҾƾǵֻҪ޹ڵļ̨Ǻϣʱ֮ţϹĹӳȥġ
ǣҪ޹⣬Ȼ̫ʵ
ʮ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ҾãǿýΪģ˳䵱ķʽӴܡ
Ŷ
΢оؿǰʲôý𣿡
ܵ׺Ŀ⣬ʱԼһ˿ҾãǿʩչǱӡǽûбֵĻ´󼪡
ǣǱĴ߮ĹˣôǾͿýͷŶӻĽŲ
ȻȫıУýʩչӰ˲ɱؼӴܣ
ĻӰ˲ɱʮأ˲Ϣܹ֮ݳ֮ԶȻ޷һ˲ʱ֮ţȴþ޹ڶĹʧȥĿꡣ
Ƚ֮ѾһطˣʱǿԼʩչӴܡţȵٶȱֵʱѾǳʱ֮ڵλˡ
һһʮؽԼ뷨˳
⡣
ʮ͵һĴȣʾͬĵľǱ޹֮󣬸ͷһ߻߶Ǿˡ
ǣнڣֻҪˣܹ̾ʩչӰ˲ɱӴܣǾ޹ͷɱУҲǰ룡
ʮЩϣԭ飬ò˵оݣĿǰܹõļƻˡ
ʱСʮȫתͷףȴױ̬
ƻΧΪģҪõ׵֮ͬ󣬲ܹʵʩ
ͬ⡣
һͺԥرʾͬ⡣
ʱʮСġˣȫϲЦտ
£һ˿ʼϸܼƻöϸڡ֮˱׼ѵ״̬ʵʩܡ
ʱţת֮䣬ֹȥһµʱ䡣
ϹĹڴˣأһɽϢ˫գżнţĮġ
ڻ죬ûôˣʱ̧ͷԶաʥȪȵԮܹյִ
ĻǾܹٶɱϹĹ̽
ಡ
Զ֮УһīӰٿ֮䣬ʹԽɽ
ЩڳɹشĦ˶״еһ˿׹壬ԱΪ׹ˣ
֪ڵôˣǲѾϹĹгˣ
īɹѧ˶״еһ˿׹֮һʱ͸ϹĹۿžҪִĿĵˣʱü
䣡
ٿأīӰһΣóһƺ̣Ⱥɽ֮䡣
ΪһϽīɲϣԼٱ˸⵽Ӷ¶ϹĹء
ܿ죬ûһƹ̵ī룬ϹĹڵȺɽ֮С
ţ
īһȥֵǷת࣬ΧľۣϻвٵĹ֣̾Ͳ쳣ȺɽƺѾƶˣѾ˳Ƴ˹Ĺ֣ϹĹ֮У
īûΣһƽ̹ʯͷ֮ϡƺ׼ϹĹڣȴһ˴ϹĹг
Ҳ֪ûдϹĹгˣ
ҪѾȥˣҿɾͰ׵ˡ
ī밵һߺĿĵĴţȻīͷƤһͫ׽ǿϹһ˵ĺüٲ
ǡ
īоԼҪԼˣҧгһһٵ³֣룡
ûϵԼȻϹĹڴԼĳˡ롱
룬ϻɱīĸףīĸѹʥȪС⣬նɱīˣ
ʣī֮䣬ŲݵѪ
ҪҪ𡭡
īȫϸЩͳ嶯ط˶һս
ʱ˿̵ī룬޲ý̻ң
ҹҹշת࣬г޾ĳޣгһܹնɱ뱨ѩޣ
񣬻سǰܲ


1951 Ҫ
ǣǲ𾳽ĴīͲǻĶ֣
ī룬Ѿɹ˶״еһ˿׹壬ܹû׹ɱ
ҲԲǻĶ֣
龳磬벻𾳽֮䣬һʵɱ䣬֮
īһʱ嶯ǰȥɱôӭģƱؽ
һ㣬ʣ
̣ұҪס
ôҶˣûɳ嶯
īͷ𣬷ѹеĳ嶯ȫϢ±ԼĲ֮
ɽڲûգ
īֻлţϣȳԼĸףƽɥˣôĸƱؽգ
Ҫţ
Ϊʲôط
ĪǣʥȪҲϹĹ
īҧ֮󣬷»ָƽŬؿԼʼ̬
ò˵īʱ˿̵Ƿǳصġ
ڵһʱΪ׵Ĵ
ʣһ롱ĽƧҰ֮УǷϹĹĴڡ
ҲֻϹĹеļֵû
ʥȪȼȻѾϹĹôǵһ磬϶ὫϹĹռС
īҪĻһˣǱˣô³϶ǳҡ
϶֪ϹĹĴڣٷ֮ٻɱ֣
īɫ𽥵ر
֪ĴΣû롭
īҺһĵɣԺ˼׷ɣغ˼
ˣ˹ԼĴ˵
˵Уīǲ֮ף˴ֻ
īˣһ֮ӣΪԵʣƺˡ
գͬһĻ龰ٶȳīǰ
ǳ׻صޡ
Ļī϶ԳܽĴ
ģģ
϶ᱻɱģһţ
ī٣š
ʱɽеĻ͵سڸ߿˼ȦŵԶīæϢƴԼӰ
ģΪʲôʥȪȵԮû
ѾȲҪɱϹĹǸȫϽ۵ļһǸ˸ɱ֮ˣ
ҧгݵرԹһͷɥشɽ֮С
ڻ룬ʼնû˫ԹԵصϢš
ǡ
ī붨ȥɵõһ˵лֶӡ졯
ڻ죬ī벢İ
Ȼī벢δ켸棬ȴ䡣ڲ֮ǰȡغʶӣڳ̨ھʮŲ̨ռһϯ֮أν˲֪˲
֮ǰī۶ǻӰȻԵĻˡ
ʱӰ˭
Ŷ
ȫϽ۵ļһˣ
ıԹī벻ɵǰһ־ϲ
ʣǸȫϽ۵ļһ϶Ǳó״̬µף
Ǹˣǻʮ
̫ˣӻĻжϣӦûгʲô飬ö˶˵ػţ
īص³һ
ֻҪţһоͻϣ
֣ĿǺѾ˽һˣеҪǸһ򾡡ǣǺûǸԮִܹĻܹɱϹĹУ
ǣûʵȻ޷ɨһˣ
īʮֲ졣
ò𾳰ĸ֣ʮǰһֻһֵһᡣ
ʮ֣ҲǻĶ֣
Ȼûа취ɱһˣ
Ҳǽ˺գ֮Уûа취ֵİɣī
£Ҳֻ뷨ܹ˵ͨˡ
ô˵ϵĴֹۡ
غϹĹڴȻҪãһϴϹĹгͿʹɱ֣
ңϴ˼ϹĹУһʥȪȵԮɱȴǵͬһƽ٣
īһˣʱĳӿɫ䡣
УһҪ취ʮУ
īҧ
һʱ䣬ī뵽׵ŵɵ¡
ɵ¹Ϊ𾳸֣ܹ뿹һ
ȻīҪ붯ɵ£ûпܵ顣
Ĺɵʳ
ȱ˵ܷӹĹгˣ˵ʵľΪһ鷳͵ͬ
Ȼʺųܹ𾳸֣ǣǲ𾳰Ĵ
Ի룬ûκϣ
ԣīͬͷ


1952 ӳ
ˣҵлһŵƣ
Ȼīʲôüͷ΢΢һϸֳһĨõЦݡ
Ķӡڤ񻹱ڱУҹĥ
ǽһ˲ҵرסˣȫԽڤó̸У˵ӷǳ磬ԲؿԼ׹ⲻ⣡
һˣīһЦ˵
֪ۣ߰ڿԼĶΪīūҹŷ˵ĥʱϽ¶ʲôı飿
īѾЩȲҪһĻˡ
Хɳ죬һɹʵϢīϢڶ᾵ɽʯ֮УŶࡣ
ϹĹصһؾڲ
ಣಣ
īҹĻ֮£һӰٴ󣬷ɿسŵص׶Ԩڴϯȥ
ʮһˡ
˼ºסʮ˵״̬ȫָ߰˳ɣһӣȻ׼ԨڣŴӾ޹Ƥ³ȥ
ת֮䣬һ˾˳ִԨڡ
Сģ𷴿ھͽҵıУ
һӣһεϯֱӽСĸ˱챦ڲ
һεƻڳһ˵ȣѾ˹ʶ
ڼƻУСĵ񣬾ǱϺȡ
ԣ׵İţСȻвʣȴû˿ķ֮⡣˳׽˱С
ָ磬һеģСһʶ˱⡣
С㣬
΢΢һЦСĸ˱󣬵ͺһ䣬ವһһɫĹӰϯ׵廷˼Ȧȵ׵Դϡ
ͷӣҪų̈ΧĿռ䣬ȫӸռ
ָʾ
ӡ
õ׵ˢڷɶԴϵһѿ߷ɿ춶ʱĴɫӷԨڴһӴԾС
ִɫӣһմȾ̾ͻͬƹ֮һѪ֮У˷׹̶жøٻ
ȻûѪ֮Ҳһ١
һӺȷڴȫӸռֹ֮ͣͷӡ
ϣǰ
ߣ
׽ٻأ֧ųһ֣ȫһ㰵ɫı֮Уת֮䣬׵ȫһϽ֮Уߣؽڴһһļ̣֮ϸһԳ򣬺Ȼ׵ױ״̬
ȣɹûɱ״̬ףһȵسԨ֮С
ʮҲ֧ųһ֡
ߣ
ʮ׵ĽŲԨС
ǵһʱ佫ʮūȫıУ粽ظ׶Ԩڡ
ৣৣৣ
Ӱĵâ˲˵ص׶Ԩؾ֮С
𣬺𡭡
һëȻХƽըһøնص׶׵һæ̧ͷȥ
ܵӵš
ʩչѰۣȥ̾ͷڲԶİУȫմ˴ɫӣһŭ
ֻϧǣƾʱڣǶ޷ӵ
ҹħݣ
׳ϵİҹħһҹħſѪڣӿ˴գ֮ͽסʮ˸С
ಡ
˲ûһƺ̣Ϣȫޣƹһ˵ص׿ռ֮Уسʱ֮ŵķϯȥ
ʱ˿̣סʮˣɫϾᵽɤ۴
ɰڴһ٣
𣬺𡭡
߮ԨڴĹΪӵԵʣûע⵽Ԩеһˣһ˻һǳõĻᡣ
£סʮˣȫî˾ضӣ˿ͣ١
Ϊʱ֮ŵλãڼ̨һˣһҪ֪ضʱ֮УҪƹ޹ڵӴ̨
Ϊ˰ȫ׵ѡһǳԲ·ߣ¿̫ᱻ̨ϵľ޹
ʱһһţÿһӣʮ˵ƶһѰ
Ҫ˳öࡣ
һ˾ֻ̨ʮ׼еʱȻûбκһ֡
Ը޹Ҫǣ
ʩչѰۣӵص׿ռ̨ķؿ̩ɽľ޹Ϊһֻצڼ̨ƺû


1953 
Ҫõö࣬һԴӶԨؾδκһע⡣
ܹϢضʱ֮ţһ˵һ¡
ҵĽū
Ȼҧֱ죬ƺǳŭ
ѭȥֻ̨ıԵشĽūʯ񣬴ʱȻһʯԡ
ȻūѾ޹ʧ
˵һصĴ
ʮ˽ūȻ˵ūʵÿһūķѪͽܡ
ǽʮ˽ūԼһ
񿴵ūɥкܲζ
ǰڰ˳䡣
Ϊͬؿһ
˵ͷҧأȫϢסʮһɿӡ
໡
ȻӴļ̨֮ϣľ޹ƺʲô͵Ӵͷ­Хһ
ţɽͷǣת˹һڵĵص׿ռ䡣
⣡
޹ˣ
ʩչѰۣһֱڹ۲ž޹һһʱܵ޹ͷŶĳɱʱпһ
߮ڼ̨ļʮ׷׾ѭ˹ûһ˿һԥ˻ŷ˶
ߣ
׵ͺһʮ˼Լͬظ׳˵ر

һ棬׾һУֱӽʮԼıڲ
ţϵһԳ͵Ϊ֮һ˲ûһεâ
ȻؼӰ˲ɱ
໡
Ӵ̨ϵľ޹һһֳΣʱ͵һſڣ׾ǵصϯ糱һ˲أƺҪʮ
ಣ
Ȼһ̣εâ˲ʧ١
𣡺
ʮ׷ɱһצŭ𣬺޲̷׸̻
ϧûǰʧȥĿꡣ
׵Ӱͺƾһ˲ʧ١
һʱ䣬ʧȥĿĹһŭ˻ֹԵ÷ǳջ
죬죡
ǧܹ飡
ϣһӰٶӣһ̲ͣһȡ
ಣಣ
ʮ֮䣬׵Ӱͳ֮ĵط
ݣ
׵ġӰ˲ɱҪʱ̣һΣ˵ص׿ռУڰҹħĸ£ٶȻûһƺ̣سʱ֮ŵķϯȥ
ʱ˿̣׵ֻʣʱ֮ţѾȫ˹޹
ƴˣ
׸оڵѪȫ
ȻˢˢӰƾճ׵ԣһһҵػ׵ԣȻǻʮ
Ӱһ֣̹۲ܣžơ
壬У
ǰй
һ
׻æĻ·ߣʼС
Ӵ̨Χ߮ĹһҪ˳ִʱ֮ţҪ˳رܿÿһ·ϵĹ
ء
޹һգŭذͷڿնУٿɢһҫ۵Ĺâ
âϯأеһȫӡ֮Уƻ۽һеһжΡ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ʮʱ䣬޹ٶȷ˶ص׿ռеס͵һſڣӿһߡ
ˣ
ƴˣ
ʮͬһʱ䷢̬׸ոʩչꡰӰ˲ɱٶȹʼʩ
⼱գۼ
ͣͣ
һ˲䣬ʮȫͷųӭϯļߡ
¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬߼һ˲仮Ƴգ׵ĵص׿ռ䣬ײһʱɽѣĩս١
飡飡
ʮȫͷŽȻһľÿѪ˵˳ȥ
𷴿
һӣһε˵һ˲佫˱ڲ
ţ͵һԸ֮͵زӴ
ˢˢ
ĳ֮Уͬһͣ
ĵطһǧɷԲǧľ޿ӳ˵ǰ֮СµǣԲĴأһ˲䱻޾ıѩ֮׵رˡ
һ㣬һ˾ͱڵص֮С
죬죡
׸ҧѪҺȼգ˷ضӡ
Զʱ֮Ѿӡֻв
ಣಣ
ʩչȼѪ̤ӡϵĸ֮ȫ˵ٶȼѸ磬ۼ޷׽
𣬺𡭡
ǰʮﴦس׵ǰ
С㣬ӣ
״һ


1954 
ӡ
ؼʱ̣η壬ԥͷųķۺɫӡ
ֻವ죬˵֦Ѿתӷڿϯ֮£ֱϯȥ
ЩۺɫӣǶӣһմȾ̾ͻѪУʴǣ
𣬺
գ֮䣬ĹǼܾմȾ˴Ķӣʹ໲Һڹ˵ⶾӣͺڷϵᣬ̾ðỤ̃һ˺ѷεʹӿͷ
߾
˵ʱʱ죬ڹȫմ˶ӵͬһʱ䣬Ȼϣһӣʱɳ䡣
顭
ֻһ춯صıըϰٿɳ޷Ĺ
ʱһ춯صıըϯء޾񳱳˷ϯǳ飬ѡ
ಣಣ
׽̤ӡ֮Ӱıըзɿ촩
شĹһŵ޿֮УӴĹǼܱը䡣
еըһϢһըľ޿йӲд
һȻܹ֧ŷҪ׷ףǲܵ顣
ʱ֮ԽԽˣֻʣһʮ
׺٣ѪҺȼգľ罣ƵƺܹܵԼѪⶼҪ˺ѿ
һ̣еĹ֪׵Ŀʱ֮ˡ
ʱʱ֮Ÿצطʱ֮ţȻ׼áȴͶ
໡
Ӵļ̨ϣ޹ϵûϵһ۵СһȻӶض˹Χ׷½ء
ڣش
þ޹ŭſѪڣӿһɹɳȵϢԳϯ
壬ʩչ֮ڵһʱ䣬ʮľ׵Ķ֮С
ಣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҧ⣬ʹĸо׾ܵرѣ˲ʩչӰ˲ɱգ֮ͻûһεâ
顭
Ϣϯʱ̣׵Ӱʧ١
ಣಣ
ͬʱ֮ϣһƹȵӰ󣬾Գʱ֮ŵķ˶ȥ
ֻʣһľ룬ѹֵ˷
Զ˻ţɱ
ֻʣ°ʮ׸оڵѪҺƺҪ˶Ҫȼˣ
ƴˣ
ҧأ
ֻʣʮʱ֮ȻֿɼȻʱ˿̣׺ȻһһּΣյĸоӿͷƱһ۾߸סˡ
϶Ӵļ̨ϣ޹߰Դһоâ壬˲һƹȵӰ
ɽʯ᾵ĸӵϣ޹ȻܹᴩǧһڷδܵӰ
ֱǻ۽𾦣
𡭡
޹ڷûɵӰ֮󣬲û֮ǰһͷŹ˳Ǹ߰ž޴ͷǣһīĻš
ͬʱ޹һɹɭĹâɢ
ţһ֣ͷųˣΧž죬ھ޹ѪУϰ׷ԲһɽңŻڲϵ׳֮У
ʣ̺Իأ
ҪײУ̾ͻɥȪ
ಣ
ٿأϲδܵӰƾʧ١ͬʱĸ߿Уһεâƾճ֡
ȼѪɶݵס
ˣǾ޹У
ʩչѰۣתͷһԶļ̨޹еĻʱײɵȻһ׹˱ħУȫ䡣
𣬺𡭡
ʱΧ£
С㣬ǽ٣
ŤͷȻ񴦾ΣκγɵĻᡣ
ӡ
ɿͷϵ֦ѾʱĴɫϯһдΧ˶
һɱڵطǰ޲̽׸̻
Ȼܿ죬ǾͱӸմȾˣ׹̶ж쳣
ʱ
ȣ
׵ͺһȫʩչӡϵĸ֮Ƿ̼䣬׾ͻûһ⣬ҲƵسʱ֮ŵķϯȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬׵Ҫ
ʱˢˢӰһһҵس׵࣬ڱ챦еĻʮ


ʮһΣͷųһ콣Ѹײڶ֮ƣϡ
ӣһʱԻָжȻ˻ʮĽȴǶܲ
ֻһĺɽĹֱӱĽ˳ȥ
ء
ʱ׷찧˻ƶ


1955 çľ
ʮһ֣û˿ͣ٣һһػ׵ԣسʱ֮ŵķϯȥ
ʱ֮ԽԽʮѾܹܵʱ֮ϯϢ
룬ֻʣʮÿһ˵඼ᵽɤ۵λá
ʮʮ
ʱ֮Ȼֿɼ׸оڵѪҺһ̡̳
Ȼʱ϶޴ļ̨֮ϣ޹߰ɽͷ­͵صͺһõĻţʱûһ⣬˲仮Ƴգʱ֮ŵķҶȥ
¡¡
𾪵һĻˡ
ȥؿ޹¶ĻţһͷŶͻûһž޴ǣŷ޾񳱣
ɿֲ񳱣ҡػΣ𵴣ƺҪһ
ã
ˣ޹ͷɱˣ
ʮ͵תͷȥпһ
ǣ
ɴ˫ɫٿȻ䣬ţ;֣޹Ŀƺǣǡ
˵ɵɫɷףһһٵĿǡʱ֮ţ
䣬ʮȫȻһ
޹Ŀ꣬Ȼһˣʱ֮ţ
ϯǣ¶֮ɫÿֲĹƣ޹Ҫһٴݻʱ֮𣿡
˵ʱʱ죬ʵָһ˲䣬ʮ˵͵˹ȵס
ˣʱֻ֮ʣ¶ʮľ룬ʱܹ˳ִ
Ȼǧһ֮ʣ޹ͷų˾Ҫ׵˶ʱ֮֮ǰʱ֮Ÿ״ݻ٣
ֻҪܹȴݻʱ֮ţô׵˽޴ӣʱƱؽΪޡ
Ǻã
ѵеŬҪ֮һ𣿡
ʮȫһɫҰס
ʱжϣһҪȶʱ֮ţûпܵ顣һʮˣƺֻܹʱ֮ԼǰȻ顣
Ǽʱ֮ţͽҰգ
ǧһ֮ʣȻһȫⱬ䣬һѽʮʱ֮ŵķ򣬶ԼȫһçĽˡ
ǰҪ
תͷһ˿Ԥиͷ
壬ҵȵģڣұʱˣ
ҵģϿߣ
һ
һΣЩɵֱƺ׼Ҫˣ
ΪģǸʮһ˿ϣ
ʱһůӿ׵ļ䡣
ౣأ
壬ߣҪȻˣ
ʮһѳףûƵطʱ֮ŵλáһģȻЩģǸŻʮʱ֮š
ԶŵĽ鰡Σʱٻ㣡
ʮıӰ¶һĨЦݣſĬдʣçĽ˲Х죬ŷ޾ɱ
ʲô
ǰҪʲô
Ȼһʮٷʱ֮ţȴǸš
Ҫٻ𣿡
ʮƵ˫кȻⱬ䣬һĨϲ֮ɫӡ
ϣǣ׺תͷԵĻʮ
ʵʱ˿̣Щɵġ
޷ػŵĻôʮ޷ȶʱ֮ţңΪ뱬ը̫Ⲩ
õçľ޵ĴУܹçĽʩչçĽǽ߾ȫٻçľ˵ܹıƣ
ʮһ䣬һק׵䣬ӿ˷еĽŲ
µȻû·ֻзһˡ
ûа취ȶʱ֮ţôǵĴǳΣΨһĳ·ֻԭ·أӾ޹Ƥ»صؾһ㡣
ǺȻԷǳС
Ȼһһ
ಣಣ
⣬ʮȫȼѪɶݣеϣȫϣ
˵ʱʱ죬ָ̲һ˲䣬ϯçĽ֮Уͻûһɸߵľޡ
ޣأƴԽʱնȫֳ͸ɫʣɢտɫı⣬һ֣չĵʱΪ֮һ
Ǵ˵еçľޣ
΢΢תͷһۣɵʧ
ʮȻͬʦֵܣҲǵһĿçľ޵òɵð̾
𡭡
ԶĹϼ̨ϣ޹ͺһһ䱸ƾոֶçľޣݵвϵɢһҫ۵ľ⡣
߮ڼ̨Χڶһŵôӵضھ޹ƺһη塣
ޣס
ɹٻçľޣɫϲڵһʱߴçľͷųһϯصտɫ֣տɫ̺һɸµķ򣬸һγɣ͸أʱһΪ
¡¡
տɫγɵһɲǼ䣬޹ͷŶĻţ׺ݵغտɫϡ
ʱǳײ춯صײһģĻţ˺տɫ֣޾ķ֮鿪˲Σһֻȸ֩УҪ˶ãҪ˺ѿ
ƴˣ
죬Ļᣡ
ϯ䣬ʮ֧Ż֣ƴȫʱ֮š


1956 ʱ
ʱֻ֮ʣʮľ룡
ʮоʱ·ͣˣһ˲䰲ֻܹԼ
ͨͨ
ÿһ·ɹһôá
ֻʣס
ಣಣ
ڣʮ˳ʱ֮ǰ˼ͬһʱͣ½Ųתͷķ
ǰ
״
ʮɫصؿԶ
ǺеçĽȫͷ˳ƴάçľ޵ġȻʱ䣬çľ޾ڻǵĺ£âƺ̾Ҫ鿪
ҡҪֲסˡ
ɫϣתͷεؿһʮȻƺһ˾ͺһƷɵɳ˲䱻޾񳱸ɣƷ˳ȥ
ֻ¡¡һ죬ոջûεçľޣͳ飬ƾ١֮տɫ֣Ҳһ˲֧顣
䡭
Ļţйһӿʱ֮š
ǰ
ű޾ɵܵҪǰȥԮ
Ȼûǰȥʮһקס׵壬һѽקʱ֮š

һֻ̣оʱյתһۻҡţʲô֪ûˡ
໡
޾Ŀ֮УоȫµļƺҪҵĻˣ˲Һ
ǣ֮ʣĵΪǿҵ˲乴˱еʮū
콫ǵçĽһã
˻ƵߴʮūԺС
ʮūȻڲÿһ˶һʶʱʮū˲ͷųڵçĽޱط׸
ȣ
͵ſһʮçĽ˲ӿڣţȫתʮ޾Уʱ֮š
ಣಡ
ʮ
Ӱǰϯ񳱣ͬʱִʱ֮š
ವһӰֱӱʱ֮Ÿɡţ޾ȻУʱ֮ſʼ
ʱ֮ţһȣڴепʱѷ֮У߸ɴ౻ʱռв
ʱ֮żΪ̣糱Ȼϯ֮£أԿȻ
þǻ𺣳ɷԲĿռ䣬ʱ֮ŵʱʱ֮ſʼһѷ죬һž첻
ڣԼĪһӺʱ֮ٿغȻ飬޾ķƬ䣬ҡػΣ𵴡
𡭡
ɹݻʱ֮ŵľ޹߰ɽСͷ­ƴʤ̵ĽһȻХ
߮ڼ̨Χһھ޹У׷׹˳شڵأͶش
ϹĹڴһ۵ɽС
ˣϥš
Ȼ
һ챦ɽڲϯ˲˻ע
϶˳ˣ
һʱ侪
У
͵ڿն𣬳֮䣬ͷų˲佫ټɽȸڳĻ֮С
ͬʱԶһƧɽʯ󷽣īȻһڿâһ˲䣬ͽᵽɤ۵λá
ǽϹĹг𣿡ī
ಣಣ
һ̣챦䣬ӰƾճڰС
ã
ģȻڴãͶ
ʮ׸һΣͷɿ֧ųһ֣ʮͷųһ콣Ļ
ȺС֣û뵽ǾȻܹŴϹĹг˸е⣡
Цſʮ
ʱףףһԸ֮šûǰһǣ׵ϣȻſһֻҹħ
ʣֻҹħǵϹĹнصԨһֻҹħ
Сӣԭֻҹħ㻿ػޣ
ô˵ҹħ֮ԻὫҸصԨҲˣ
Ŀ絶âݺݵؿףĿܹɱˣѾж˿ˡ
û
װȻͷֱŻ졣

첪ȻŭҪǰ׸һɱ
ס֣
Ȼʮͺһݲǰ׵ǰб¾ͳ
㣿
΢΢һ΢΢תͷһۻʮɵЦһǺηʥȻҸһа壿
ܵ첻мĿ⣬ʮ΢΢һЦسвգǹĹɵĻʮ


1957 粻֮
䣬첻ɵ΢΢һϵĲм֮ɫ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ԶĻ룬Ҳ΢΢һٿʮ񣬶ʱһ˿⡣
Ĺɣ
˵еţײβ֪ĹɵλáУĹɵˣڽϵ述¯ࡣû뵽ʮȻǹĹɵˡ
ȻĹɷǳأʥȪеη塣
ԣԸв֮󣬻ЦһΪмбһۻʮԭǹĹɵС˵ǹĹɵóýҽյҪ̣
˵ţҪʮ
ţ
˭룬ڻɱ죬׼ʮʱ򣬻뵭Įֹ˻ľٶ
壿
΢΢תͷһؿ롣
ڻʮ׺֮ǣ޲ɱ֮죬ڻӸоǳɻ
Ӧö֪ǺˣڣҵУȫһ˵㡣
ô죬˫絶Զʮһɰ˵ϯ죬ѹ˼ڣҿ̹ȻظǣǲҪͼҵӳ죬ΪҲǻ뿪
ԣʮɵɫء
ȷе˵ֻġ
ʮе֣Ҳ롣£ֻҪѰһû˺գ֮оܹħצˡ
ǡ
Ȼ뻰һתֻҪܹң֪飬ȫңôҾͻһʹġĻͱʩչǧֶΣȥ
˵ʮֵȻʮĶУȴ̶
Ҫ֪ʲô
׽üЩ޵ضŻ롣
ǺǣҪ֪֮⣬˭֪ϹĹܣ
뵭ĮһЦĳ
ʱʮһۣɫΪӡ
Զһɽʯ󷽣пŵī룬һʮ׵ӰɫͱʮأīȴδżΪ֪ӵа۴һַ壬ֻҪԸ⣬ȫ˺գ֮С
һǲ𾳸֡롱Ҳ޼ƿʩ
һȻѾ˳ͻƿˣ
ףıȻһԳĪǣֶһ̬
īĿתضףΪȡõĳɾͶеˡ
ԶУסʮڶţʮء
УԲ߸롣
ʮһожϡ
Ȼ֮ԻôʣҪ֪ж֪ϹĹءû뷢ֹĹɵʡҲ֪ϹĹ飬ôʥȪȺпܻϹĹɱڡ
Ȼ벢֪ĹɵפأʮУеǰ취ʮ¶ࡣ
ϣ
һŻʮ
壬һ˵ʱŻעϽ˺գһ֮ͬСһǻ룬Ҳûа취
ʮԼ뷨߸ס
ǡ
Щɣǰûг
𣿡
ʮüͷ΢š̾һѾʱ֮һˣ
пһȻ֪ŵĿԷǳСȻԸʵ
ҪٵȵȰգʮ
ٵȵȣһ漣أ
Ҳá
ʮףƬ̺΢΢̾Ϣͷʼʱ䣬ǰ⣬¾ҷǳźظ㣬֮⣬вӢۺ֪ϹĹܡ
Ŷ
ɫԳѯʣЩˣ
ʮһЦĳǿɾͶˣҲ㣬ֻ̽·ڱձִϹĹʱͻ֪ҹĹ֮⣬ŹŵҲִ˵ء
ʮſںߣ⽫ŹŵŻ롣
ĹɵͷܹУԲҺӾŹŵ
ΪŹŵǺߴеľްԣɲľͷ
˵ʲôŹŵҲ֪ϹĹܣ
벻ɵΪ֮һӺһתЦһ㲻ƭҰɣ
ʮһ޹˵Ҿû˵ѣ㣬ǹĹѰϾŹŵŹŵΪѡϹĹܣǹĹ
ʮ˵ϣȻ˼ֿš
ˣҪǾŹŵҲ֪ϹĹܣʥȪҪռϹĹǲܵˡ
һ̼֮ɫ
ĬֱضŻʮƺжϻʮĻмʵ
Ȼ˻ʮĻһЦ˼ţ˲һϯѹȵʮɫϣֱվ
䡭
ʱɽ֮УȻһ֮Уһ˵Ӱ˲ʿע
ţ
ǡǰ
ʶ񣬵һʱͶȥжϳ˵ݡ
һǸ󣡡
ʮһʱϲЦտֵúϲ£죬ȫͷϷѹ


1958 ΢
ţ
뷴ӦѸݣһʱ𣬾
ʱʮӰȻԣһػ롣
ػˣ
ʮūһɫϾɱڡ
ϣϣϣϣ
ĻУʮūԼͬؼԵķһ
һȺ֪νİ׳գ
Ϊмһ̧ĳһƣʱһɰϯݿһ㽫ʮūɵĽ˲ݻ١
ò𾳽쾳ġ롱ǰʮūһֵһᣬ̼䣬ʮūɵĽ䣬һȺ˿ѪعǶѣŴӸ߿׹
ɣ
һ֣ȫʮū΢΢תͷֱӽĿ˱˵
龳۷徳ĸ֣ȻϢ٣ȴС
ֻһͺȣһӣһǧɳĻϯƺҪһ˲
ס֣
ǧһ֮ʣ׽̤ӡ֮͵һֻâһ׵Ӱ͵ǰ
䡭
ͬʱһɿ񱩵Ѫ񳱣ҲƵشӿصغһ
һ׾еһҶۣһϯĿбƷ˳ȥ
ǲ֪νЦһΪĿס
һʥĹѰ·
飡飡
صصУ죬׸оȫĽǺƺҪڻˡ
ȣ
Ĵ̹ǵʹƾšޡ״̬ǿӲǿ಻Ŀ񳱺ƴ𣬽Ѱλá
壡
ʮۿʱǰ׵ǰʵû°ɣ
ѪŻʮ¶һĨЦݡ
ಣ
˻ʮİæһӣһεϯֱӽԼıС

ˣǣ
ȵĻУ˵ʮūһڻͣغȡ
ˣ
׽̤ӡ䣬ͽʮū½Լıڲ
߿УһζʮĮһЦһĪǽԼ˾ϧǣŬû塣Ϊûܹ
ӸµĻ룬ƴ˵ףЦҡҡͷţ͵ط˶£Ʋӥһ˻ʮ
ţ
ŴĿֲɱʮɵɫ䣬Ҫ߶ڵĺ嫽ȫʩչ콣
Ȼᡣ
䡭
ƹȣûȻʮӦ͵ʩչһǻȭϣֱӽعǸҵðȥžĤ
ۡ
ʮͷһ̲Ѫֱӱ˳ȥһɾ޷ײ̮
ϣ
ʱȻʮūȫԼıڲһ̧ͷֻʮشɵɫ䡣
ҹ
׺˻ʮ£ӿһ⣬˲ڻߵľ޷壬еɽʯľڻıǰȫһգۼͻҷ
໡
ʮıطȫ̼ɢ󽹺ζ
Ǻǣû˵һǰǵһҲһ
һζضŻеĻʮĳڣ˵ʵ˰ɣң֮⣬˭֪ϹĹأ
ޣҾǱҲ㣡
еĻʮܼ尾һǣȴκεڻġ
ߣҲŲʹȥ
ɫһ£һӣֱץŻʮĲͬʱһֱӽջڡ
龳۷徳ĻʮȻ˸Уһһ
ͺһһɿ񱩵ֱӿ˻ʮڣȫ
ʱ˿̣ǻʮͼɱΪΪѾʧȥ˿ơ
ڣһὫϵĹһһ顣һǵʹ֮࣬ıġ뵭ĮһЦһ󣬻ʮֹǾӦѡ
ʮƺһȫļⶼ鲻Խس鴤
Ҫʹ뷢йһͨȻͷãûʮоơ
ס֣
ۿʮ˻Уϲ⣬ŭͷ𣬷ŭس˻ǰضŻ롣
СӣҪ֪һЩĻ͸Ͻҡҿ㱣֤һ϶һʹģ
ңһܹһȫʬ
ЦЦΪš


1959 
Ŷ
ɫ΢䣬ϲɵ¶һĨЦ
߳жξһ
οһʼû뿪
ȵȣ
Ȼǰ׵ǰ߰ԴӸµظףҲ㲢ȥһ٣쾲صȺ׵ɫ仯ȻײδԤеһ¶ϲɫ෴׿Եñ벻мͺƿһֻС
û첪ȻŭáСӣʶ̧٣Ҹ㣬ֻҪԸ⽫ҹħ׸ң⣬ҿͷĸԸҵūôͿԻõҵĶ͡
Ļҵǧַĥ
в޿ֵضס
ײɵʧЦ
ȻĸԸؽҹħ׳ҹͷΪˣܹ
ǻеĶͣ
û뵽ڻУΪһ߹ȻϵȥҪ塣
׸еݡ
Ҿ֮Խһףǣ׵ݣ³
ʲô
νף
̣֪νļһǷôĿ
С֣ʲôʱ̸ף
ʱȡͷ
Цһ
ܼ򵥣һʣʣˣΨһĶӡڤ
׵ȻһڣͺƽؾһûȫΪ֮һ
˵ʲô
ڤУ
գգ۾ЩԼĶ䡣
һǸĻ룬ʱҲ鲻Խغɫǵͨ졣
ڤǻĶӣڻڤĳ磬ʥȪпν˽֪
ȻڼʮǰڤͻȻ޹ʧ٣Ӵ䲻
Ϊˣķ˴컯ɾѰһڤ䡣
Ȼ컯ɾޱߣҪһ̸ףֱǴ롣
ʵϣôһ񡣱˵ҵڤˣڤϢ޼
Ϊڤһֱ˵ڤûܲ⣬ĻڤʥȪȵͻѡ
ȻڤţôһػڤĿܡ
δ룬ϹĹڴļһȻᵽ˻ڤ䡣
ҹ˼ڤĻ룬ɵһ
ǡ
һ͸о׵Ļš
ڤ˸ˣҲһʥ
СӣҲò˵ʮֽƻȻûڤԡʵ˵Ļұúܲ侲Щıơ
ϸһ룬ֻ֪˵ڤ飬ἰҵĶӣֻҪıһ·ˣ
絶ƺܹһ۶뷨
ǲң
΢΢һ㶣ŻȻһЦҲԣҵĻ̫棬һʱܲˣûʲôϵǲõģҿԸһڤľò׵һЦҪֻ֪׽Ļڤ
£׿ʼ뽲ڤ̬òΪϰߡһĲмȻһԽԽľԽԽš
󣬻ȫ£־ϲŭףǳСӣ˵ڤУʲô˼ĪҵĶӣͱڱУ
ʼۿѾԼ˵ʱ˹ӡ
Ǻǣ˵ڤ³ǳҡһūϴ棬ŷ˵ĥüֱ磡
ȻˣҵУΪҾãķҶʺ򣡡
ͼӴ׵ط̵ԴϬ
סڣ
òȻŭ͵طǰһקס׵ĲӣСӣϽҰѻ˵ˣҵĶ񾿾ںδҪǵҶã
ɫŤƼһټһ˫Ѫ۾ףէһ˸оǳɲͺһͷ˶ɵޡ
׾Ȼ˵Ķӣʺ򶼲䣬̫ˣǿ̣벻̣
ǣ׶ԴȴǲΪ⣬ĮһЦĳ׻˵²òͷңԣȰ㻹Ƕص㣬Ļ͸ɴɱҰɣһԶˡ
㡭
Ϣһϣݺݵصףץײӵצܵؼһ޲ֱӽ׵Դš
գûͣ֡
Сӣ֣
ҧҧΪʵɿ֡
ػ֮ֽţ޿ֵسŻ췭һۣǸҲὫҹħ͸㣬ҲͷΪūʹҪɱҪУϤ㡣
׹쳤ӵݵ˻ǰȴŻʹɱ֡
С֣
Ը𱬶嶯Ķܵڿࣿͱһһֵ£Ҫȡ׵


1960 ҫ
أ
ֻһĹ
ǻ׵Ĳӡ
෴ǻ챻˻ֹǣ۵໲Һ׹͹ļѼ
˻ˣˣ塰롱
壬㡭Ŷѵֹǣ۵ֱתһίŻ롣
ȻԴȴ޶ãֻԹԵؿףһֿ˵ɣʲôҪֻҪܹһڤ䣬κҪҶӦ㣡
ЦбһǱĻ죬ܵеԹɵõһЦ
ҵҪܼ򵥡
ɤӣеʣҾͻὫڤ߸㡣
ŶɲС
ҡͷһЦûмڤ֮ǰôܹ֪˵ǲʵ䣬߶ʮڣĥûʮ鴤ʹ쳣
ɫٿȻ䣬аΪʮеǡ
΢΢̧ͷ׸ŻԹ񣬲ɵ΢΢̾ϢһҪƾ粻֮࣬ûˣǲܵ顣
Ͻ׶ԸΪ
οʣ׵ʲôҲûС
ܹҼڤĻҾĻϼһҲΪԵʣĥҹҹЦһв
ҡ
ԥˡ
ȻҪûˣҪڤС
ǣڤڼʮǰΪīūҹŷ˵ĥ
ҪڤҪīС
īУѪ⣬īʥȪȵͷͨǱҵī룬ôīƱؽһѪ֮֡
׾ԲΪ˾Ȼʮī롣
Ӧúúÿһˡ
ЦһеŵĻʮȻҶ׿ؿʮؿڹһȭͷСݣԣڻʮδܣ֮ǴϡѪȫһ̲
ס֣
ҿǺˣ
׸һҧȷſϣ
ãҲӲߡ
뼸ûʲôԥͽеŵĻʮ˦ס

ʮƺһ»ƿȨ
ϣôһסʮ壬һ꺮ů
ˡ
ʮԣȳһ̲̲ĿĵѪˮ壬ҪңûбҪΪҶðյģ
ҡͷһЦһͳ˼ö鵤ʮ̷£ϣ֮αҪ˿
˵ţ̧ͷ¶һĨЦݡ
ͬʱڵӿһɷ֮ƴ
ֻҪ˳˺գռѷ֮УǻҲûа취
˭룬׼˺յʱ̣һɤԶдǧҲڽǰߺҾҵСֵܳ
ȫΪ֮һ׷ѭȥ
˵ӰʱȫȻһһʱͫ׽Լ۾
ǡī룿
ʥȪһĲ֮ף
ʧĲ˼顣
ʲôȻīС֣
̤ЬٴȫѹʥȪͨīô꣬ûܽ׽ù鰸û뵽ȴˡ·㲻ߣŴ
ڶݵľ֮̾͸ֳϲ֮ɫڵɱ֮ڼ֮˲ڣȻЩȲҪնɱīджˡ
ˣҹܹīնݳȴһֱûԸ
Σᣡ
īǰ
תͷȥɵɫ䣬ôˣ
ಣಣ
īӣ䣬׵ԣΪ͵Ĵ׵ļ򣬳޵壬ϹĹҵǣӶһٽ磬Ϊʥ֣ûʧ
ͷЦЩΡ
ⶼʲôʱˣīȻйע飿
īǰ֮ǰһֱڸһƶϵ
š
īתͷԹض˻һۣҴѧɳ֮󣬸оʱ磬ϹĹǻϡû뵽Ȼҵɱˣ
ǣǡ
ī뽫ȭͷֱ죬һɳɱϯ˾ͺһʵıȲҪѪɱ¾ˡ
ī룬СܹڣѾһ漣ˣû뵽Ȼǰ¶棬ǻòͷˣ
Цһī񣬾ͺƿһͷ׵ĸ
ǺǣΪܹɱңī߰ͷηضŻ룬ƺá
Ŷ
ƲƲ죬Ϊ˵û뵽ôѾһ׳գƶ޷ֱ棡ҵҪҪδҵд
壬һ֮
īʥȪÿһ˵ĹУնɱ֮ÿһ˶Σ
ԵЩƺܹնɱī룬ԣһĪҫ


1961 
īΪʥȪȵĲ֮ף˵ĹУ˵ö֮
񣬻ܹնɱī룬ǴһȻصʥȪ֮Ʊػܵ峤ŴټӾܷʹ͡
ǰҲܹޣܵھ
ƵĶҲǰָֻţ
īбһۻ졣
첻ɵɫһʱŭͷʥȪȵ֮ӣݽ󣬶īֻһӡ
һĲ֮ˣȻҲӻ֮ӣ
ǲ֪ν
ڻŭɶ׼ֽѵһīʱīȻ¶һĨЦݣǺǣʱǼʶһеˣ
䣬һӣһӰͻأس˵ǰ
ৡ
ʱ˵Ŀȫ˹ȥ
ǰģһڡͷˣģͺ׼ؤΨһͬǣ˱ˣһѪģ˿ʵòһ֣ҡҡλε̱ڵأϷһŻĶͺһͷСޣкߺһһϢģ
էһ˭ôкرֻ֮Ϊһͷؤ
ʲô
֮ˣȻеƣ
ɨһ۵ϵˣɵЦÿ׳һī롣
ܵĵī΢΢һЦ˿Ϊ⡣
ϷŸոտʼ
ҵĺ
Ȼֱضŵϵˣ˫Ѫ
ȻϵĿȫǣ峤ࡣǣΪһʿ̬ģǱݵݡʿ˵ҪıԼ̬òֱ練ơԣʿݣõİ취жʿϢ
ϵˣȻˣѪģǣϢȴϡ糣һ֣͸ܵһϤϢ
Ϣˣ˼ĺĶӡڤ
ˣʱ޿̲Ѱһڤ䣬ȻȴһֱûϢûϵӣȻīУ
ţ
ʱȻһһ㵵תͷò룬壬˵һҵõܡڤ
һ˲䣬ͷӦ˹ԭīеƣʲôͨĸ֣ǻĶӡڤлڤ֣ץס˻ʲôҪã

һϢĻڤᣬҵضʱ˿̣עȫڤռˣûѯʡ
̱ڵصĻڤƺûĺͣغߺţƺǳʹࡣ
Ұҵĸס
Ծ˲˻ڤǰ˫Żڤ˫磬ҡΡ

ڤã̧һѪģô͵Ż룬߲ʵҲΰɣ
գһʱʮء
ң
ٿȻ䣬ԭһϢĻڤƺȻ˹͵طǰһѱס룬ָסƤ⣬һ֣ͻǰʧ
ңҵĺˣ
ģӽҲĥˣ
ݺᣬɻڤָ״ԼƤ⣬ǰ
Զī벻ɵһۣƲƲ졣
ڸܵʹ˰ɣ
īɫĮ̲ĳ㵱˺ҵĸףҵĸѹʥȪУƺҵˣҴʥȪȥһþһ¿Ұ
ҵʹҪǧٱֿҵĸܣ
īҧأ˫֮Թ֮ɫ
΢΢һܿ죬ɫͻָƽֻƿ˻еĻڤһͳ˼ö鵤ݸ˻ڤ⼸ö鵤ģҺܿͻ㱨ѩ޵ģ
˵ţվһϢܴϯ˲˲Զī롣
ɱϢɱ
īǰСģײæһ䡣
ȻɷĻ룬ī뾹Ǳ˫֣һ絭ģ
Ȱڶ֮ǰȿҪǸҶһë̾ͻὫڤأ
ī뵭Į΢΢תͷбһ鵤ĻڤȻǳС֣ҩ𣿸Ͻˣ
ڤһлǵˮӣԥƬ̣ؽе鵤˵ϣţʹصʹͷһҰ
ΪһūǶ˵ӣīһ֮䣬ܹڤʶеʶӣأ
㡭
ޱ𾪵ŻڤһͲµ߰˷֣òѯʵΪīū
ôûϵһֱΪĶӣȻĸԸΪ˵ū˶ʺ˱̢
ûܵǣñԸ߰Ļ쳼ˣȻīѪĲ֮ˣ
ʹģʧ
뿴һʱΪӡ
Ż񣬻ڤſڣƺҪ˵Щʲôȴʲô˵ں޵ˮͺƾһӿ


1962 
һֱڤǻĽܵǧ谮
ȻΪ˹ĸԸΪīūīͷʺ򣬾ĥ
˹һ̩ɽںë
һص߳ж˵ϣеʱҪ
οǻڤƽĸ֮ӣ
ܵеʧڤоϻģһֺ޲طеȻ
Ҳ̰֪֮ˣֻ̣Ϊ֪гһգҵңҴԨоȳģ
ڴ֮ǰҾٱ΢ʹ࣬Ҳֵã
ҲӽҶǰΪĶӣԴˣеˣ
ڤѵͷڵأǣһҪĻϣܹڸ׵У˵ţԴصؿڵϣ졣
ɫһʱЩĲ̡ص̾Ϣһתͷ޵ī룬вī룬̽ڤҷˣһ󷢴ȱĥڤ̡
ǡ
뻰һתҪǲʶ̧٣һڰȻڤʹǧٱ
ԣײɵЦһҡҡͷ
ǺôĿ
ҵҪƣҪĥңɣұֻ֤Ҫ֣ɱιΣϤ㣡
ī뵭ĮһЦڻв˿Ϊ⡣ڣڵİһ־ܵļơ
㡭
Ϣһϣ޵
ιɲҪʶ̧٣ȻŻڤΪʣǣֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽǸϾɱ
ԣҪʶĻ͹ԹԷ˻ڤҿ԰ҵ飬֤һ·Σ
첻ͷطһۣ
ī벻мƲƲ죬ʲô⣿Ҳҵǰߺһ٣ڻ켸Ҫ˶ɵУī䱾ڣ͸ʮ£Ҫž졣Ļ̾ͻᵱǵ棬ڤС֣
ʲôԼʮҪž죿
ʱס
ģֱ̫
ݵλ۾ΪīһܹᲢ۵ģȴһȫӵ̬콻̸ûԹƽ޲ǰȥ̻ʶʶԼ
ǲ֪Ķ
ʱ챬һͷǰ·һͷʳıӡ
ס֣
ȻûȻ嵽īǰһɫӰ͵ǰȻǻ룡
壬ҡ콫ҧֱ졣
嶯

ߣ
ɱڵĻ죬īоԼĵλܵսΪһ΢΢תͷŲԶ̱ڵصĻڤǳȻĲԸ죬ô͸죬ҪƤѪ
£ʲôʱˣ֣ͣ
īȻ
ڤһ£һʱЩԥ
ʵϣڻڤΪūļʮҪīĸַĥ飬ֵһᡣ
Ҫƽʱڤ϶ûһ˿һԥͿʼԼĶ⣬ÿһƶž죬ֻܹīƽϢеŭ
Ļøء
ڣĸڳڤϣԼ繷һ棬Լ˸
Ŷ
Υҵ
ڻڤԥĵڣīʱüȻŭ
ʱīʹ߶ڤʶеʶӣʼسײŻڤʶ
Ҫ
ʱڤ۵໲ҺǱӣ۵ش
Ҳ˵
Ų̽㴦
ī΢ƣĻڤ
ס֡
һƲͺһͼֹīľٶ
Ȼīڻŭȳţ෴ļٵģī뷴оȫһ˵ˬ
ī룬ס֣
ҧҧ֮£ֻתһס˻죬˦־ͳһǻĶ⡣
žһ۵ƤѪһָӡӡϣպ̵һ
ò˵һǶ⣬ַǳء
壬ΪʲôҪң
ƽ׳˻һǶ⣬лңһ޹Ż롣
¶ᣬԻʣֻ޿κε̾ϢһĵǸֻǲûڤĥίˡ
˵ţ΢΢תͷī롣
ī߰ͷ˫ֱǰͺһλľӵĴ󽫾ưѵ죬Ҹû
Ҫ죬Ҫ²֣Ϸ԰æ
ʮ̷鵤󣬻ָһЩ񣬴ʱ裬зޡ
ûԷ𣿡
ЦǺǵͼӴףһ


1963 һҲܲ
һתͷһ̱ڵĻڤתͷһ޹Ļ죬̾һǸֶίˣģ³֮һúòģ
壬ҪԤвҪģϧİѾ˦
žžž
һΣҿ˫Բ˳ÿһƶɻݣɵݣŷɽѪʮ־
Ļ죬޹裬ȴֲҶ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮Ϊھ֮ӣڳɹϳ̨ʮŲ㣬ڳ̨һʶӡȫΪЯ
񣬻ΪԮӣûһ裬Ƕ޷ܣƱػἤŭ룬ԺҲõˣڣһŭ֮£ֽնɱҲǲܵ顣
ɽԨ¯֮飬Ը𱬣ȻƽǸܹʧصĳ֪һŭһǳµ顣
ãúã
Ҫͣǵľƻûأ
ʹ죡
ʮīӴЦʮīһƣ˺ҾƣǰĺϷ泩ҲΪζ
һʮƾ½£úһͷѹ⣬ƤⷭתѪϵش˿űᣬҪ౯Ҿж౯ҡ
硭
ԶĻڤƤһǱĻ죬ǻں֮顣
ʱ˿̣ڤ޲˶ϣһīҲûе̸н档ƾʵȫɱīסʮһˡ
ϧ
ڤû
˵ǻһҰ΢һҲǧٱ
׻˵ţڤһˡ
ʮ׵ľƣոպһ룬֣ͣתͷֱī룬ȴδ˵
ܵԹīδĮһЦߴٵͣӵľƻûأ
С֣ˣ
ӲҪûûˣһصʥȪȣ뷨跨ĥĸףʱĸ׿ɾͲˣ
īпһŭҧҧûٱ䱾
ĸףīĵ׵֮Ϊĸףϵɽ»𺣶ûһ˿һԹԡȻϣΪԼԵʣĸ״ȥѡ
ڣҲˡǲӦ̸̸ǵĽˣ
֣ī롣
ף
īüͷһ

벻÷ص˵ͷʣǵҵСҾȫƽ͵̸һס
ڤ
īûд룬ֻûسŻڤǳһ
һ̲Ļڤ˵Ϊѵ֧ҪվȻŬ˼Σȫʧܸգ֮£ֻŬī룬ͺһȳȵҰҪ౰ж౰
ʱ˿̣ڤɲаԥһڤٴ߶ʶĥ¾Ҫˡ
Լ⣬һȱϵҰһī룬оζҪըˣ޲̷ǰī̻
סĵĳ嶯Ļ̬޷ء
ಡһīһӣһεϯֱӽڤıСţһԵʮչһЦ缸ͷҪĥڤޣܸңһǵҪģ
ʮȫЦ˵ʹ졣
ĪǴ˼Ҫ𣿡
īûн͵˼һӻ飬ûԽŭɶ
̸ף
īЦһ絶âҶƺ޲óѪһԸ̸𣿡
ûȻīȻһתҪҪ̸ףҲԡȳҵİһҪʹƽҵʹڴ֮ǰҲЭ̸ʲôƨף
īһһٵҧֽ֣
ʲôҳİһ̸ܹף
ɫһī
û뵽īڽĥ˻ڤ֮󣬾Ȼ㣬ȻìͷֱӶ׼˻룡
С
뼸ûһ˿һԥͶȻܾСӣҪйҲԡǵĽ״֮󣬲ҸԶҪѪĲС
еŭȻﵽٽ㡣
û룬𾳽ĴһİȻҪīİһֱܻ֣һĪĳ裡
ã
һأīӦ÷ǳɴ࣬ʵҪνף
ܼ򵥣ֻҪҵĶӣûڤػ֮ҾͷߣѪģڣΣ
ԡ
īһڴӦ
ͬʱԵȡϵ壬аڻǰ˺գռѷȥ𣿡
ɰաܹתעĻҵİջ󡣡

õ׵Ļظīʱ˵̧ͷЦеŻ룬ڣǾ͸ѪİɡѪģҾҪˣҪ׼ã
īĦȭƣһȲģ
áȻûϵīӦˬ죬һʱЩϡתһ룬īƺҲûоܾɡ
Ͼڤͬھī˵㡣īĳˣǻ룬ûĸ׷֮ǰɥôƱؽڰŲգûɵӡ
īĶҪ󣬻ûзϡ
һ𾳰ĸ˵ī龳ʿȫһ¡Ͼ𾳽龳˵Ǹ߸ϵ飬ڲ𾳽ǰ龳ֵȫһʱֻǸˣ


1964 ֮ŭ
£Ѫģ̧ͷ˫˸˸Źضī룬ȵҪīԼŵԡ
ī뵭ȻһЦ巢ģ˻УϷһ·ڲ£سһУôҾͻ᳷ڤʶеʶӣָڤ֮
˵ţҧ⣬³һﴮľѪ
ʱѪûķģīڣ˲ʧ١
ˣ콫ڤųָ֮ۿīѪģʱд󶨣Ȳشߴٵ
Ҫżڴ֮ǰӲһУҲ
ī뿪ʼЦζŻ롣
Ǻǣɣ
뷭һۣƲƲ죬ԸܹƽҵķȻĻҿɲ󷢴ȱ˵ţ˲ϯ޾ķ֮ȫת˲ͻûһ᲻ɴݵĻ֡
У̺ŰԪһ˿䣬һһϢӿ˲ҿ
壬Сζ˲һë
ݺݵ˵˺ˣ㲻ã˲㣬Ҫķɣ
ᷴɣ
ԣʮɵ΢΢һæī롣
޷
ī뵭ȻһЦ絭ֻҪǸǻᷴɣҲ˲Զߵң˵ţȫתڵ֮׼ʹɱ֣һ
īǰ
Цеī룬ȻѾѧɹβ׹ʩչһҿǷǳڱΪ׹֮սһʲôĳ̶ȣ
īҡͷһЦҿɲ뽫еĵƣչǰԤǣ뿪֮϶᲻ϧһеصǲҪǸϾɱ׹޵ı״̬ҵһŵƣԲܹǰ¶
ģҾǲΪ׹ޣҲа취صĴۡ
ī̸Ц֮䣬һһɷԲͻûΣڲ̺ſ񱩵Ԫ׺һǺӡ
ɣ
ٿȻ䣬īͺһʱХŻգԳŻҶȥ
ߣ̶ֳȵĹȻҲõó֣Ц˴
ϯ񳱣һԵĻ죬ʱһĲм
̶ֳȵĹƣ˵𾳰Ļˡ龳۷Ļ죬Ҳûз
Ǻǣ̶ֳֻ𣿡
΢΢˫ЩĲɵϯ˿ûһ˿һţȻûн뻯ѪоѪķȻǴɫ룬Ҳһ֮
¡
Цŭ֮䣬һɷԲ͵ĻֳײһǺײĩս٣һ춯صıը˲쳹˵Ķϡ
޾УؿӰͺƱǹһ񳱵ϯ֮ƾ糱񳱷سĻ֣أԿȻ
̼䣬̺Ԫ뷨֮;鿪ǣ˵شˣǻĻֶδܴݻ١
ǲ֪ߵغļһһЦī֮ǣ޲ý̻ʱīʧ֣бжˡ
ԶʮɵһۣȫֳһĨʧɫ
˻ڴҪͻشĳ˭룬īȻƷδ
ƺǲʮ׵ʧ֮ɫīƽһЦǱżֻҵһ۷ΪԻ룬ɱУϾҪǳˣ
Ŷ
üͷһ
䣬ɢڲȻֳһɫ׵磬׵磬Ϊ⣬̺һµķ壬һ֣ͺһƳգڻĻϣ
ã
뱾ۿ򼴽ɢ֮ĵȻ޴棬ʱͻȻϯɫ׵磬ûʧɫȻȵӦȻΪʱ
¡
ɫ׵磬ֻһǸһл֣̬˲佫飡
ţɫ׵âһͻ⧲Ļ룡
һʱȫð̣һߵķһصƮ˳ȥ飬ڽײɸߵľ޷֮󣬷ſֹסǿĹԣ
塭
ȻһΪ𺳵ضǰһĻ˻Ƶصͺһڵһʱͷ˻ķ
ʲôؼȻܹһٺ֣˻룡
һضŵɳȥĻ룬ЩӸɳ
𺳣ʵ̫ˣ
̲ڵָһ˲䣬ƾͷʮȴתսӾκεݶԵò԰׶
ٺ٣һ۷ڻɱС֪ΣҪǲұˣǿɾײϺˣ
ʮ˷ֿܵ죬¶һ־ԵĽ
ߺߣҴ׹Ҫġ֮ŭ⡮֮ŭǴвɼĽɵļƷ׭ǳɹĿ꣬˲ɱ龳ĸ֡ǣҪɱ𾳽Ļ룬Ȼ̫ʵ
ǣֻҪܹ˵Ҿͷǳˣ
īŶЦ
ˣīҹгһܹնɱī룬ΪԼĸĸѩޣ
գˣ
Ȼ˵īһܹһɱ룬ȴī뺨سһڶ
ʲô
һöɱ龳ֵļƷ׭֮ŭǴвɼĽΪԭϣ
ʮɵõһ
Ŀֲ˵ΪֲģĪػɽػǲ𾳽ĸ֣޷̤ɽ
û뵽īȻ׹Ƕõһö֮ŭ׭
ûʮûϵǣīȻ׵ؾͽ˱ļƷ׭ĵˣ


1965 ̫
Ǳ
ˡ֮ŭ֣൱ڶһű
պȫƾűŤתƣ
īһűȻΪ˻˻룬ͺԥؽĵˡ
ڻʮΪʵЩ
ī˵ȴԹ޻ڡ
ˣīҹгһܹնɱ룬ʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
һᣬīȻĵһűҲϧ
Դˣױʾ⣬ڻĳޣȻΪ˻һħлħīȻһ˿һԥ
īǰҪָڤ֮𣿡
ɫء
ǺǣΪʲôҪ˻ڤ
ԣīһЦŲõЦݡ
ǣ㲻ѾѪ𣿡
ɻ󲻽⡣
ī֮ǰѪģǵΥŵԵĻ̾ͻ⵽һΪ̼仯ΪС
壬עĻͻ֣ᷢµѪģ©ġīһЦ
Ŷüͷһ
īµѪģ˵гһգ˻УһԸһ·ĻôΪףͱ뽫ڤˡ
ڣīֲδסôīȻҪ˻ڤ
ʮǳϸģ΢΢һЦ״ɽ
׶ʱȻԭīϷ
Ǵ϶Ϊīǰζ޷ѡԣīԣûокβס
͹īǰңҲҡ
չһЦ
ϣīǰƺͦصġ
΢΢תͷһԶ̮ľ޷壬ǻ׹ĵطʩչѰۣ˲͸ɽʯһ۾Ϳ˻Ӱ
ʱĻ룬ˣȫԵʮǱĶв𾳸ֵľɣ
顭
ȵĿУʯѣʼҲشĻ밵ԵͺһͻָƽȵĺһͷѪޣܿҪѪɱ
ײʱһٵشߴٵ²˳٣ǻǸϽɡ
ã
ߣ
ʮī˵ͷӣԶϯȥ
׻ûɱ״̬ϵĸ֮͵һ׷˻ʮī龳۷֡
ಣಣ
գ֮䣬Ӱͷʣһʵľ޷֮ߡ
ͬʱ̮ľ޷£ѵɽʯڲؿڱըһѪĻ룬ЯųɱһͷϹޡ
󣡡
һ֮ˣӵıݣ
ҿҸȹ̣Ļпܻ᲻ұС
Ѫؿڣŭ˻һĿһͿߵӴܵӰ
ʲô
һȻˣ
ȻһҧҧҪΥ𣿺ߣҲߵģ
һˣһͳ˼ö鵤˸Сţ߶Ҫȫ׷ϡ
壬ˣ
ʱǰŻؿڱըѪģѪ⣬ԼһĿĵĿɵľ
Ϊ𾳽ĸ֣ʥȪȵĻ֮һݽȨ졣ݹ컯ɾܹƽƽʿָƽ龳ĸֿҪͷݣһ˿һĲ
˭룬Ϊ컯ɾ۷֮һȻīһкˣ
ī벻˻Ļ֣ش
飬Ǵȥ䶯ǧ顣
Ҫɱ󡭡
Ի꺮ů˿ᣬʱ˿ֻ̣ʣīӰ޲ɱǰīʬΡ
ɱ
˵ʱʱ죬ʵʯ֮󣬽һʱ䣬ӣʼȫ׷ɱī롣
壬һ֮
һЦǰҪһ֮նɱīһˡ
棬ȻҪҵƤߣֱһЦ
żٷɶݵļӰ΢ƣĵƽһɳ顣
Ϊ𾳰ĸ֣ī
Բ뵽СһصĴ
ã
׷ˣ
ʮʶ񣬵һʱ
ʱīʮȫתͷס
ܵʮīеļ֮ɫ֮Ҫƽöֻ࣬ȻһЦ΢΢ǣ͵ӡ


1966 Ҿպ

ױϵĸ֮͵һɲ֮䣬ʹӸ߿и£һ޷ɽٿͣӡ
ಣಣ
ʮīһӵ׵ԡ
ƣ
ٿһ֣һεķ֮ϯֻһ֮˲˺ѳһĿռѷ졣
ߣ
׳ɹ˺գͣ٣һӣͽһĨаǶ̳ķ壬ϯ˲ֻʮī롣
ˢˢˢ
һ̣һԾ˲˿ռѷڲ
׽һʶУգ֮䣬˺ѶĿռѷ޸á
΢һʵĲľϢ
ʱ䣬ˣһǰһسһ˸ոʧĸ߿ա
ţ
ٿأһ٣ɫٿȻ䡣
壬ôˣ
ͣ½Ų¶һĨŹֵɫ
ҡҵʶ޷׷ٵǸīˣ
ܣôһգ۵ʱڣƾˣ
촽鲻ͣɫ÷ǳѿ
ʲô
ɫһ
лڣõĻĿꡣûϵòҲʧֵʱ
֣֣
ҵʶ׷ٵʱ򣬾ͺȻʧȥĿϢ
ҧ޵ֱ¡
ΪʲôͻȻʧˣ
һԭ򡣡
Ϊһ𾳸֣ŲκˣǡīʩչʲôΪֶ֪Σ
壬ǻ᲻ڡǬ˲Ʒ׭
촧
˵ţȫ߶̽һܣһ
Ǭ
ԣ벻ɵɫһͫΪ֮
˵û
īһšǬôһ˲ܹ˲Ƶ֮⡣Ȼǲ𾳸֣ҲѼ׷١
Ȼ˵Ǭǳ󣬳˺ѵõǣī֮ŭּƷ׭ӵе˶óһǬ˸е⡣

ڤҵĺ
ٿأŭХһըףɽʯ䣬ҡػΡ
ʱ˿̣ıŭ
ڿīĵһʱԶеĿϲУīѾһ֮ˡ
ϣī벻ɹشӻƤˡңɹ˻
ûԽܵǣӡڤȻīУһʺıū
Ϊ׵Ļ룬ûܹڤīоȳ
һˣ͸оһУ֮Уÿһ۵ó鴤
壬Ǻã
찧̾һѯ롣
ҧҧȻûз׷ī룬УһҪȳڤֶϹĹȴԮң׷ī䡣ûҵī룬Ȼϡ
ʱһᷢеȫѲī֮ˣǽ컯ɾһ׳죬ҲҪī뾾
ɫࡣ
壬ౣء̾ϢһƺҲֻˡ
ˢ
һ̣ӰһΣƾʧ١
Զʣ˼Ƭ̺ԹԵҡҡͷԶһɽȷӶȥ
޾УǺӱڣӿȡ
סʮī˵ŴϸСģһө棬˸䡣
˷ĵػվ޾ĿУأԺ
ʹ죡ʹ찡
ˣʹسһڶ
īѹеĳ֮飬ͣЦ
Ļŭŵī룬ʮɵһЦ
壬ˣ
ʮЦеؿס
ΪȼһšǬŴƤӵˣ
ڣƾֱѡһ򣬼׷ǵ䣡
죬ǱϹĹڣȴʥȪȵԮ
׳ĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷչһЦ
Ǻǣ϶ˣ
ϧļҲ޷ҵоȳڤ
īŻʮ˼۾Ҿƣ
Ӧúúףһ
ʮͷһЦһӣʹӱٻƣīһ
˾ٱҾоΪ
һνϹĹ̽Ȼನۣܵ˵ǻջģ
ѵ촽΢΢Ц
壬ʲô㣿īתͷס
һϻһǰ㱨һȻҾͻظ׵
ī˵ͷȥ㱨ҾȻһˣϣ뿪ЩУûзʲôõ飡
īǰģ
΢΢һЦ


1967 춹
壬ˣʮһҾƣֿ죬¶һ־ԵĻư
΢΢һЦһӣӰƾճ˵ǰ
ʱȻɹشϹĹӳ죬ȴˡҵǣһϹĹ˻شЩɥ
ʮסīȥΪĹɴϵļһǱˣһ鱻պڵĽ̿Ϣ٣ȫðһĿζ
ܵʮ׵ĹĿ⣬Ŭ۾ֱ㶵ʮãûɵƳĶǲѾɹӳ˻ħƣ
׵ͷһЦǰģѾ˿ռѷ֮УͨҲûа취Ǿ԰ȫġ
ԣ˳ǣοص˵ͷ
Ӵ㻹ûΪѾأ
ʮһſڣûʲôû
ߣӲˡ
Żʮûطһۡ
ûҲˡʮζһЦǰ󣬽˫ִļϣҪʼ
ϣҪȫɻʮŪԼ壬ȴЩ⡣
ֲļһҲˡҸûбҪ˷㡣
ʱ֮ǰΪ˰ǰȫ뿪ϧðΣӲ޹ľҶĿ࿴û뵽ĮˣȻҲɳůӵ
ʮЦЦһڵڡʱ͸еһůӿ˸ɺԵĽУȫů
ޣʮ㲻λͣϵλøҪˣɾγˡ˵ˣҿûҪ㡣ֻǷ˽һҪȥˡɲҪ顣
һڣ˿ˡ
ٺ٣ҿɲôˡһҪеڽܣɨءҪھˣҿɾûлᵱڴˡ
ʮϲˣǽһ˵һ¡
ײɵ΢΢һЦ
ʮһԩҡ
ڹͬϹĹ̽գһ֮Ѿȫı˶ڱ˴˵̬ȡ
𿴻ʮһһ飬˶óʵ˶ͦں˴˵ġ
ҪȻϹĹУʮҲðΣվԮʯҲʱ֮ǰԳܾ޹İһϣʮ
ڴһӣȱܹ˷ͷǾҪ·Ƭ̣ԿڵԣҶҪץʱܵػָʵ
á
ʮīȫͷͬ
˵ؾϹĹڴԶʥȪȵĴԮܿͻִǣһεԮУ϶в𾳽ĸ֡
ʱ׵Ҫлص컯ɾױʥȪȵ˸֡
ԣҪ뿪Ƿ֮ء
£ױϥһֱٻһȪ֮Уʼ
һ˿ǣ£ȪеܿϯΪǧ˿ƣС
׽˫ſʼн
´Ҵңת۾͹ȥһµʱ䡣
һգʮһϵ˫ָ
һµƺת˲٣Ȼɷǳܹʮ˵塣
ڻʮʵԼҲشֻǱҪϲٰˡʱڵĴ͸Լ״̬Խԣɫѿࡣ
ϡ
һµѾָȬһۣøӵʮȻصţұλ֮ͣλ㡣
Ŷ
ʮ̧̧ƤЩ㲻ΪҸˣ̰ͼ֮λɣ
ǡ
˵̾Ϣһʱ֮ǰΪ˿޹ǹٻçľޣۣҵçĽʧء䶼ָ̫ܻ
ڣҪսҲûʲôӮ㡣ԣҾλ͡ƻļһеսûҡ
λͣܲһܺùڻҪöࡣҸԼһ̨°ɡ
һĳ
ʮΪƲƲ죬ӾҪڻ㣬²̨ȻˣҾԲһû͵ϮСˣһָȬ֮սҪǹػ㣬ķڷ
΢΢һؿһۻʮԹԵˣٶԡ
ʮͳһƺع˼ƣŲؿʼˡ


1968 ع
ʱҴңָɳ֮͹ȥ˴µʱ䡣
һգһ˫
΢΢תͷһ۲ԶĻʮǱ˶ˣҪڶʱڻָȬǲ̫ܵ顣
Ͼݲа㵢飬ԣһʮ
ϣǰ
촽ʱ·ˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ʮȫ۾΢Цŵ˵ͷ
˶ҵıǱ·齻Ҿˡ׵
ʮһۣȫͷһЦӦҲá
˳磬Ϊʥֵ֣õа۴УھͶ֮˺գݹ컯ɾܹɱ׵ʿƷëǡ
ಣ
΢΢һЦһӣʮ˸ԼıСţ߶ֻ֮͵һ׵˺ա
߰ɡ
תͷһī룬ߵͷһЦ
ˢˢ
īӰһǰһض˿ռѷڲ˸һӿռѷϯ˲֧ųһ֣ȫ²̽¸
΢ḧΧһһľϤϤ죬ûʲô쳣Ķ
Ȼ첢δڸ
ҹħ
׵ͺһſ׼ϵİҹħʱӿ³һī˲佫ī֡ת֮䣬īͻûһƺ̣ɿһ޷дͣ
ºīһƬɭֵϿաһ·֮ϣΪʩչԵʣûбκһʿ֡
ԣһ·Ͽνƽ˾
ͣ
Щīһͣ˽Ų
īתӣ׵ǰЦʵ˰ɣǾ⸽ѰһƧ֮Ϣɡ
΢΢һЦԴ˻ƽһδһɳôԶľ룬һȫûб״̬£ȷЩв
컯ɾ򱶣ĵشǿֲ龳ֳҲҪȻֻΧشʩչظ·Ƿǳۡ
£īʹ洦ѰһôϥؿڴϢһûȪܿ˵һС
һǧ׸ߵĹľֱʮף׿ϣоǳ̤ʵ
ɣ
Ȼҹħֽһƺʲôų׵ͷ˼ȦҪ뿪
㷢˺óԵģ
ͨ鹵֪ͨҹħҪȥҳԵģʱ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
һ·ϣҹħԹظ׸·Ҫɷˡ
õ׵׼ʣҹħԵ÷ǳ˷ܣһ͵һҪ뿪
ʱֻ죬ûȰҹħԶ׵ıоͷɳʮֻ
ʮֻ˷ܵػڰҹħйֽиͣȻҪ氵ҹħ档
ҹħһڶĴӵ£ɿسԶϯȥת۾ʧ١
ӣ
ҹħʮֻ뿪ãһ̹ʹ׵ϯȻȭͷС
С㣬ҲҪȥ
գգ۾ײͬ⣬ʼǵ׵ϲȥŪġ΢΢һЦε̯̯֣һȥɡ
ಡ
׻䣬˲仯ΪһɫĹâʧ׵ǰ׿Цá
ȻһٻӰƾճ׵ԣȻЦٻСġ
ָ硣СһЦֱضס
סСĵ磬˲翿ڴϣʱ˭û˵ôţ͸оǳҸ
һνϹĹ̽СĹͬ飬֮ĸ֮бࡣ
ҹħʮֻĴӵ֮£һ̲ͣسӶȥ֮Ҫ뿪ףΪƾζᵽһصĹζ
һʮ˵ĹζһᣬƢĸо
˵Ĺʹ֮£ҹħԵ쳣˷ܣزŹԴͷϯȥʮֻƴظŰҹħĽŲ˿Ը
Ȼƾǵ޷ᵽض˵Ĺ㣬ܹðҹħԵģǱ
ݡ
ȻһɫĹâӰҹħʮֻһܶգʧ١ðҹħʮֻȫΪ֮һ
ɣ
һ˲䣬ҹħϳ̹ʵݣʣ̹ûɵġ
Ȼ밵ҹħһᵽعζҪһѰҵζԴͷҵζɿڵĹӡ
ǡ
ҹħ׵عã
ֻһ̶ļҹħֻǻûһƺ̣سʡ
ʮֻƴزȴֻŰҹħʧ֮С


1969 Ӱ
ɭֵļһԲϰĹȵأȵڲһΰĽķɫ㣬еĵ֮硣
ʱڽȺĹ㳡ϣۼǧʿ
˾ǣǧʿȫڵأһϻ̳Ͽ̧֣ͷһǰı
ǧʿǰһ׶ߵ̽ĵۻʱҪɻöࡣ÷ǳϾɣǶһϸܵۡ
棬ûƻĻƤɣʣů
ʱ̽Ƥϵһɫ꣬ͦΣʯ̣һӵɨŹڵصǧʿ
࣬վֳĺ꣬һޱ飬ϲŭɫмơ˵ĸоͺñǳʵʱпܱɱˡ
˿־ǣУһѪܵͷÿһͷֵ˫һĿӡ
Сڳһڵһʱϳڱϵꡣ
꣬ˣСĵʦ֣ڹĹɵܣ
ڲμڵʱ׶Ū˫ǳ죬һŭֱ֮Զ߸߷ɣҪԴһţѹסһͷ
û뵽ʱ䣬ܾͳɹӵһԼţңµˣѾǧȻһɲС
ɽȵλѾɱ⡣
˭ҪǲԸ⳼ңԸ˵
ܵƽͣЦ䣬ëȻܹظ֮ܵевζ
㳡ϵǧʿһŵɪɪʹͷ˵ϣĶٸҳ
ܵȺƬ̣û˲ʱص˵ͷ΢΢һЦνʵΪܣɽȵˣǴˡ
һ٣ܺȻһתڣǾԣӽҪĹЧңжġĻҪ⵽
䣬ڹ㳡ϵǧʿȫ¶ɬһ̾
Ҫװǧʿɣκһʿеġ
ǣھԵѹ֮£û˵ΥɽȵλѾܸɱ˸⣬Щͨˡ
£ܷ⵶һĿ֮£ڳǧʿ׷ҧ⣬鲻ԸѪģӽֻЧһˣĻҪ
ܹƵóѣǹճһɾĻߣ΢΢תͷԵһ꣬Ѿ˼ˣ
ˣǿƵĵˡһһٵػ
𣿡
ԣܲɵǰһлϲǺǣŵ˼ƵʿѾҳʱŵ˾ۼһ±šѡһˮΪӪܾͿԴţΪɽڵһ֮ˣ
ߣҪ˶ãܹһԶڵšҵŽɵһ죬һҪСŽǸСС֪ҵʵҲŽ֮ܵĲࡣ
ҾͲţŽʲôҺãȻܹСĵģ
һ뵽Լ˼ĺСģȴһģܵľͺƱһۡ
ˣĿǰƵţеţпɽġҪ˶ãͻ鷳ǵĴֹۡ
һ䡣
ڶ̶̵ʱڣһɨţŵԴʿεƿС
ǣôƱػˡǲ¾ţпɽôܾͱҪԽһϵֹš
ûн֮ǰſɽڵ飬δЩ̫硣
Ǻǣ޷
ܰ˰֣ƺûнĻϣҹӾͻĵشȡҵһȶʵǵ㣬һٵϳ̨ھŲ㡣
ʱƱؽ£Ϊ
ܶԼʵǳš
ңֻҪҳɹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ھŲ̨һʶӡôҾܹõԴĻᣬ˵Ҿܹ򣬳ɹͻƿΪ龳֣
£ʵʱ򣬾ͲҪʱشɽˡҳֻ֮һӣȻкĸָҡ
Ҫ֪ҵҰĿɲֻƫƧΧشһҵĿ꣬Ҫһܹĵشţߴʵƽƽ
͵߬ȭͷϸֳһĨɫ
꿪ĵʱ򣬹ڹ㳡ϵǧʿȻ½Ѫġһ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ܡ
ܵڶʿܴһӣѪĵʿӽǾҵһúЯǵġ
һ٣ܺȻһתĿ˵ɽʢġһּΪˮһ͵ֵϴµĿޡڣǾͽҳ
ǡ
һ뷢԰׵ߣΡΡشӵվܹع˹֣ǵĽŲɽһ԰


1970 ͵Թ
ɽȵҪҵֲһּΪ
һ̺άһʥһµģǳ󡣶δ̤ʿ˵ǲɶõĴ֮
ңƾζֻҪҧһڣ̾ͻᱻ֭ס
ǣֲǳӣҪΪϤĶࡣ
Ӳֵ磬ٵ죬Ҫһʮʱ䡣һʮ䣬ÿһնҪʱĽ޸¶ˮֻҪһûнˮôڶͻή
⣬ƽԲܹ¶ڷ˪¶УҪĽڷ絲ꡣĻͬ;زۡ
ΪֻҪһʮ꣬ҹϵؽ޸¶ˮܹԴԴϵջĻǿɾʹشˡ
ΪֲһֲֻŹʵʵ׹ֲ֮̾ͻ
ɴ˿ɼĻãǳѵáҪע
ԣÿһֻҪõܹ׵һȳĳһۡ
ʵ̺ҩüֵƲ鵤ҩ̺ÿһζܹ۵ԭǳζ
ζֻƷ˲ܹõѰʿҲԴĦе
˵һ־ζܹ˲ζ٣ƷʳĹУƮƮɵĸоһܹһζ;
ζǳʱζʿԿܣ
ɽȵĹ԰λɽȵǣǶһṹĽ磬ڽڲ
ƽʱ԰˵ȸûл῿԰ڣɽȵλȫܸնɱˡԣһβժ񣬾䵽˴·׵ͷϡ
ʵϣλ֮⣬·ɽеߵģλȫɥ£ƿػȨȻ顣
·ųضѵĲʮֲԸɽǵĽǰͣ½Ų̧ͷǰ԰ɵص³һ
԰ɽȵעѪڴˣһϲɺص顣ϣһת֮䣬ɽȵȨ߾ͱܣ˾ҲΪܿеʳ
Ȼʮֲʣ²òͷ署ǿʳɭַǵŭܣ̾ͻ촦
Ϊ˵·ΨнãĸԸط׸ܡ
¡
ݼ¡
ڴʮµĻ·׹
ɷã·ʵ
£ܹʮöһ١
ͷĻ
á
·׸ͷ磬Ҫժ׸ι
ʮӦʼڡ
ֻһ¡һһԲεĹžͳ·׵ǰ
·׿ڲһһߵֲϹŵſűɢŵĹһƢĹζ·Ƶϲɵ¶һĨ롣
ô˵ȴҪַ׸ˡ
ɣ
Ȼֻһ̶ĹֽԶѸٷһֻаƴСֻѸףûȽڴĻӦ͵ض˽ڲ
ãеϮ
죬ػ
ʮʱŭȳԼԼķҲƵɱ˹԰֮С
ɣ
ҹħ˳ض˹԰֮Уûһ˿һԥ͵һ£һſھͽһű˿С
ʱһԱζŰҹħζ٣ðҹħڿ·衣
һֻ𣡡
죬ɱ
ʮӿ˹԰һ۾Ϳ͵ԵİҹħʱžҪΧ˰ҹħ
ţ
Ȼûʮ֣·׾͵ͺһֹ˴ʮֻӵֵϢһʥޡܹĴڡңһȺҪڹ԰д֣״ݻٹ
£˵ǺãѲҪֻ͵ǵ
ɽѾεĹΪбҪǱǿصˣ»֮ݣ
ͷ켱Ǻ
ļʮҲֱš
ɳһˣȥ֪ͨˣһͬժѾ죬ܶժһ㣬ܹౣסһЩ
·һ
䣬һҴҵس˽磬ɽĹ㳡Ӷȥ
Ļ·׵Ĵ£ƴزժ
һʱ䣬ʮӰڹ԰شŲժæȻ졣
ӣ
ٿأһ̹˹԰֮УȻٵ˲££ֱӽϵһ֦ѾһöУʱԭӨۿӵٶȷɿɱ
ʱ䣬һͱ̳ϡ
ӣ
ζø⿺ܣȸԾȲڶö


1971 Ӱ
ӣ
Ҫһöȴ˸Ȳժ˹ȥʱҽС
ףʲôʵ
̫һ
ժĻƺҲһͳץȥģƣʺɫģȴǴɫģңĶ˻һε硣
˸ˣʮصŻ񿴵֣ʱسײȥ
ǣ
ֻһ죬ֹӦϣ۵ش໲Һ
ʲôˣ
ʲô
ļ첽ǰ˵Ļȥ˵һŭȫ΢΢һ
ӣ
ܵ˹ŹֵĿ⣬ֽһϵɿתʱķĩһϯ˲ʮ
ЩĩдɫģҲзۺɫġ
ɫӣܹ˵ĽƤУѪ⣬˷̶Уж̼ͻóٻ
ۺɫķĩǶĩܹ׵ظʴѪ⣬อһʥ۵شûнҩڶ̶̵İʱھͻᲡ
ãʲôĩҵǧأܣ
ҵĽƤⶼʼˣҺжˣ
ˣĩо綾
̼䣬ڳļʮȫʧһɫϣŵֽŷ
ǰһ죬ɽȵλҪԡ£ʩչ֮ζġΨˣܹޣ
ϧλû죬Ѿⲻ⣬ϣܹȫһҪ̫ܵʧ
·̼֪ǰҹħԶܹĴڡ
ԣǿʮ½̱ڵأҲûǰ̽ƣֶֻزժܵؽʧ
ɣ
ҹħƵغһһڹش󣬽һſűװԼĸС
һʱ䣬ĸҾװùĹҡ
ûᰵҹħֻһ

ɽĹ㳡ϣܶ̽Ƥϣ΢΢˫пϡ
ԵŮϸĵذһˮѣݵܵǰ
һڽˮУ˱һŮϸа׵ָŵŮʧɫС糺죬ȴаŭ
ŮߵģܷЦ

ʱһӰٷӶת۾ʹ䵽̽Ƥǰϯض
ʲôˣ˻ş̧̌ƤˣЩŭ
԰˵Ϯһֻ˹԰У͵
٣æػ㱨
ʲôһֻͽųˣ
Ǵģ
ܳЦһΪ⣬תͷԵĺһȥһ¡
ǡ
ǡ
£ǰһӦ
Щ꣬ܽӰӵԪΪʥֶҪ˱ᡣ
ಣಣಣಣಣಣ
һ̣һΣƾʧԭء
ɽĸ߿У꼫ٷӣѸ׼磬ת֮͵ִ˹԰ڴ
֨֨֨֨
ǡɣ׼԰ǰһ̣ԶУʮֻģĹӿ
ţ˵ֻһֻôΪôࣿ
һȺ۵ȻҰ
ɱһ
굱Եķǰȥ
һ֣꣬ʹʧɫ
Ǿط֣ЩòĹÿһֻӵʥߵʵʮֻ֣һѹꡣ
ˣǸЩĶ֣
ȥȣ
꣬ʮֻΧ£һˣѪ˲ɢ֮£׷׳˷Ӵܿ
ϧѪĹĶô׾ͷŹǣ
һ̶ĽУɿؿҧźꡣ
һʱ䣬갧һΪ˹ĸʳ
԰УʳİҹħƺӦವһ԰ս
ҹħļ룬ͼܵĺ곹ɥʧһ˿ϣ½ڹΧɥȪ
꣬һҴ档
ٵĻǰһĻŵƨӴܿȥ
ɣ
ҹħɹɱ꣬غһţڵʮֻӿ˹԰
԰ڲʮܾ綾ĻۿĹӿ԰ȫŵɫš
ˣ
ƴժ·ףĿǰһĻŵ˫ȷæʩչڵһʱӴܿһɣҪΪĸʳ


1972 

ˣ²ˣ
뿪õĻûãٶȷع㳡ɫ̼ǻüëһ
ţ
Ϊֻˣ
毺õŮЦ֣ٶȱˣʱŭ
԰һȺλӰˣȫҧˣ
߶µ˵
ʲô
ҾӰȫˣ
䣬ܲɵòȻŭ͵ش̽ƤվĿԲ
Ӱܺķ˼ľųɹ֡ЩܴӰ˺üţ˵Ӱܵұۡ
ӰȫҶ˵һصĴ
飡
ٿأ͵һƺҶֱӽڵصĻ˳ȥС
ûõķȻеʵҵĻװֱϧ
һնɱ˻Ƥûգһ£ӣԳŹ԰ķϯȥ
̽ԵŮŵûʧɫʹͷֱܡ
㳡ϵǧʿŵùڵأҴ
ಣ
ܿ죬ܾ˳ִ˹԰ڴ
䣡
һĽʱϯ𵴣ҡػΡڹ԰ΧĽӦ鿪
֨֨֨֨
ڴ̳Ĺ𣬸ܵɱȫŵڹΧ
ӣ
ڹ֮䣬ʱϢһù֦ͷ΢΢̧ͷ߿ɱڵܡ
ǹˣ
Ⱦǣжˣ

ʮܾ綾Ļһ°ĭɫϣ嶼鲻Խس鴤
ϧǵţƺǵ
󣬵ɱҵӰ
ܴ߶Ҫʹɱ֣նɱ
ɣ
ٿأҹħͺһǰػڶǰ
ţǣ
ܶȥҹħӰʱֽһ٣¶һĨҹħ
ڰҹħܲİ׵ļϼһֻҹħ֪һַǳػޡɽ磬֮кѼ
û뵽һδ԰͵ɱӰľȻǰҹħ
ĪŽػޣ
ʡĿ΢һɨͲɵðľ
ⰵҹħͳʮֻ𣬸ӵʥߵΪʮֻʵС
ѹʵڵӰһûܴ
ɣ
ܵĺʣҹħһȦһ޾ηܡƺܡ
ߣŽػޣվͰݵҵϥ£Ϊҵػޣұһ·
Ȼͱʹɱˣ
ɱŨҡҹħ񣬶һ˿̰֮ɫ
ܹһֻҹħӰ˵Ҫջöࡣ
οⰵҹħ£ʮֻ𣬹𣬾һɲС
˭Ҫɱҵػޣ
ʱԶգӰٷӶͬʱһͳɤӿܵĶĤ
ܵûɵΪ֮һ
ϤˣǸİŮ˵У
΢΢תͷѭȥȻףһһҹˣһСģһī롣
Ӱת۴ܵǰ
ʦ֣
СһܣͲɵ¶棬Ϊλط֪Һָܾã˽þò飬Ѿŭˡ
ʦãȻƺСΪָ磿
СسƺΪָ磬ûҧǱֱ졣ûнСĵĻС
СĵɫʱЩΣܼ޵ĿУȻȻǵ׵ĸ첲
֮ĶȻǶܵûӦ
Ȼ˴Сһ𳤴󣬵ֻʦùϵܲˡ
ܣû뵽ǻڴС
׿ܣ΢ƣһЦһĨʤߵ̬ܡ
֮ǰһ˱Զɭ֮׾͸ܵһ˿Ӧ֪ҹħһս֮Уûгɵظ˹δ룬Ȼˡ
Ӧýԩ·խЦһ䡣
ಣಣ
ٿأӰƾճ׵ԣȻǻʮˡ
ԭ׵ıһʶ⣬ʱܣ
ϣϣ
һʮȫ΢΢һţ˿ҵǰһ񣬡ݼλϣ
Źܣʮɫÿһһܣ֮ǰҴǷ֮Ϊ;˽뿪ұѵ⣡ǲ֪ô
ܹӣ̧ͷȴ쳣Ҫúôһʲôʱ÷ˮˣȻٹصţ
סڣ
һӣĪǹĹɵˣû׼裬κ˲˽ܴŹĹɵ߽
ĪҪгţ
Ϊϵܴ治ĻʱƿڴϸֳһĨ׶ƺҪ˶ɡ
ϢŭӲûдŹĹɵ߽
ʼգҶԻⴳδἰĹɰ֣
ܽ͵
һ΢΢ƫͷȥѵܡ
ȻΪĹɵĴϣƽçĽ֮⣬¡ڹĹеĿɽʵȨ
Ȼ㹻ѵܣص֮󣬶ǵһɧȫûбҪ
ʦ֣ϴ㲻Ƕ˵ҪԴһš˵ҪָڣǼ٣
Сƺʲôʵ
ЩһֱڷչԼ
ɷһԾŶ˵
΢΢һЦͷϹһĨЦݣȲСҫʦã֪ЩѾţµ˳ˣҪ˶ãҾͻѡһˮأʽɽɣΪһ֮𣡡
ʱһ㷢Ĺɵٰһʢ硣Ǽ֤ҵĻԻͣ
ϣÿһÿһ䣬βסҫ֮顣
΢΢Сĵ۾еҪСĶĿ࿴ɫ
ŶȻСֻǲ᲻صŶһҲɫܿ˵Сûʲôĵط


1973 
Խף
СĿȫڰΣ
ѰĿ֮ȣܸûʲôֵóƵĵط
Ҫ֪ڰ벽ʥʱ򣬾ܹѹܡ
˳ͻƿΪʥ֣ܾ͸Ƕˡ
˵ˣ֮ԼףȫΪСĵԵʡ
ǣⶫ翣˵ܵԽףܹСĵķģ׵Сĵġ
ԣܵŬСĿԵ÷ǳɿЦ
޶ԵСģܲɵɫһںĸо
ŭתͷŵȻЦһʤ̬ףŭ壬İҹħ޹ҵɱҾӰõ

üͷһȻû˵
ʲô԰ֲ
ʮһ˵ǰһʹ궯˫֣ٺֱЦܣ԰ֲóТТǣ˵Ҫһʮ࣬ҹҪ޸¶ˮһ춼Сζ̺żΪ
īȻҲ˵һ˫Źʡ
ɫĮ̲ҵɽͣȻʢһ㣬Ȼ˵ǣڴ֮ǰұҪֻһҵӰܰװ
ɣ
ʱҹħɲգۼ׵ǰǵĥ׵ա
ĦŰҹħִ丹ͳһööӨ
ʱһ˵Ĺζ˱Ƕ
ָ磬֪ǾζʿķؽֻΪһڸû뵽֪ɽУȻֲ
СŹ⣬Ŀתضе

ִӰҹħĸнӶͳǰǰܹϰö֮࣬ܵӲۿе˳
ɽҲֻٶöȻҹħϰö֮࣡
⻹û㱻ҹħ̣
ⰵҹħĸңںǬȻ󣬵ȴܹװܶණ
ײһ͸ʮīСĸԷöԼҲһö
壬֭ƢǾζ
ʮͽһö˿УһûȻζãֽһö˿Сһ˽˲ι̬棬ʳζ
СĵĳҪ˹࣬һСһСڵؿÿһڶҪζƬ̣ԵüЦ޲ڡ
лָ磬óԣһöССؽһöǬƺ᲻һӳԹ⡣
Ҫǰԣ⻹ܱ࣬΢΢һЦǳͳöݸСġ
СüЦؽӹճյףԵøˡ
ҵƿڴ
״Ȼܵ軨׷д

ҧһ˫ĮһЦǴ絽Ҫһʮꡣ㲻ʮʱ䣬ƾʲô˵
ƬɽѾҸռˣɽеԴȻȫң
ܾ޲ý׸̻
ΪܻûζһȴǳԵüЦûˡ
ǺǣһΪֵģԭҲǿȡġ
ҡͷЦȻģôҹħȻҲԴⱾǿʳ磡ѵֻ׼ٱŻ𣬲׼Ұյƣ
ӣ
ʱһ̹һȵ䵽׵ҼϣȻǳԵùĹҵ
С㣬˶ٸŵöҪըˡ
װظЦʵ
ӣ
Ƥգ˫
Ŷʮö
촽ɵÿЦáû뵽С㣬СθڴһӾͳʮö
Ҫ֪ÿһöܹĳһۣȻһʮö
̫ˣ
׵ĻԴ˵һЩһͷԵڵأ
ƴȫݵɽȣΪľǿʵͷԼһöûгԵȫҹħ̣ˣ
壬⻰ʲô˼Īǲ׼һˣ
ܽҧǱֱ죬ɫԽԽѿ
ʼ򣬴ӻʮнӹһƣ˳ƣҪھжڣڱ׵޶ã
ǿ̣벻̣
ӵܣ޿̣͵ڵһɳ콣ʱϯҪдɱ䡣


1974 ۸
ɽȵĹ԰Ϯǣÿһ˵ҡ
ܿ죬ɽеǧʿͷӵɽȵǡ
̧ͷȥǡɿɱڵܣȺҪɱ䡣
ס֣
ವһ׽̤ӡһ˲͵ܵǰ
壬ҪǲһĽұսҲҪ㸶صĴۣ
ŭĿԲڵĽϯ죬һĽ֮˲ֶ£ȫð⣬սһ㡣
Ҫʲô׺
ܼ򵥡İҹħɱӰӰ쾳ʥߣĹҹԵصұۣɥֻҪðҹħҶʮֻ𣬴ұڲᡣ
ĻҶҪɱҹħȥӰѩޣ
ȶ
ʵȹܸ׵İҹħҹħǼΪػޣײܹáԣֻ˶ΣҪʮֻ
𣬸ӵʥߵʵԸóʮֻǸôӰҪöࡣ
ʲôʮֻ𣬷ͲưոݣҪնɱҵİҹħ
ΪЦضܣоһ̫ԸĻǻ
Ȼʮֻ
ǰҹħðΣգϹĹзӣôܹã
˵ˣ׸ʸԼ̸
С׶Ȼܾ
ԣϢһϣҧгݵضף壬㲻ҪƲԳԷƣ
˵Ҫ⳥ҵʧ
ܵͱˡ
׵ȻһЦνʼ򣬡ʵ㣬Ҹ׼ʲôҪǲĻ֣ܶҵҪƣҵƤӵնɱҵİҹħ
䣬ܶʱ̣ЩһѪ
δЩ̫ˣ
ã
Ҫ۸ˣܴС󣬻ûұսҲݲСţ
ȫ߶ڽ׼ʩչתϫ׾һս
ɽеǧˣڿܵĽ֮ʱȫһһ¶ɫ
ܾƾŽ֮˲նɱɽȵλܹʼʩ˶ΪװһѺ

֮ܵв׵ٿɽУһ̣׵ͣһʱͻûһߣȫⱩ͹Ͻеޣ
ϥǡ⡢ָؽڵĵطһڽڹǴ̣˸ҫ۵ĺâ
ôܶȥɵõĮһЦ
״̬µף̹Ȼǿ󣬵ٻһս֮Կױó״̬ܲû̫
һ̣ܿױչһжʮ׳ĸ֮ʱ򣬲ɵɫһ쳣⡣
ǣܵɴ˫
û뵽̶̼δ׾Ͷһ״̬
ҵױ״̬ޡ̬
ܣڰ벽ʥʱ򣬾ܣҳɹ磬Ϊһʥֶ֣һ̬ҵҪƣܹǰУ
óɱ̬ףƾѵϹޣһɱ˵ɷϯ£Ȼֻǳ磬׵ƾȻѹһͷ
ʲô̬
ǵĹƺǶˣ
Ʊж񱨣ǲʱδû뵽ôӦˣ
ԸλĵѣܹһնɱܣһǾָܹ֮ˣ
Թ۵ǧˣۿܴ·磬ûһ˿һĵǣеֻ
вٵˣܹնɱ
ʦ֣㲻Ҫ嶯
ָѾ磬ԲĶ֣óȻֻ֣ȡ裡
СʱسȰ衣
ȻСľԲ뵽Ļǵûֹܣ̼ҽУƷƵһ߶֮ɱס
ԶİУīʮλǿ
˭룬ʮһ²ؼ߸߹̬ܵĽĮġ
ģշִġʮȻһЦһеơ
ԹԵƷеͷҲ̧һ¡
ī벻ɵÿЦá
û뵽ʮڹĹɵĳϣ˿̻ͬŵӡ
ܽǳԿԶˣ
տ
˲һտɫķһȫ߶֮ͼסͬһʱ䣬ʩչתϫ


1975 
תϫܹΪŽԽ󣬽ͻƾһΡ
ʩչھŽܹһɱ龳ĸ֣
ȻѾɹ磬Ϊһʥ֡
ǣֻҪʩչռһͬаһɱף
ϧףѲǰס
ಣ
ֻһ̶ƿױһԸ֮͵Ϊ֮һ׵˲䱬ɽ⡣գۼ䣬̬µףͻûһεâ
ã
ʶڵһʱͳſ֣ȫ˱ܡ
Ȼһ̣ĿһĻˡ
ʧˡ
Ԥ׵ģƾʧ١
ô£Ϊʲôƾʧˣ
ҵʶȫ׽κεټ
ȫתʶ׵ټϧһ
ûзֵǣڵϣһӰڼٴ˲
ءٿأһϤɤܵ
ܶʱһëȻͷƤɫٿȻ䡣
ףȻƾճ
ңʼգܶûһ˿һĲ
һʲô
ζţҪϢʹɱֵĻܺпѾ촦ˡ
£ڵܣҲԶ
㣿
ܾƬ̣ûжֵļ󣬶ʱ彩Ӳת˹ɫӵضףΪʲô֣
΢΢һЦֻһ֮ĲˣҪɱ㡣Ϊǲϵĵˡ
ңԸ㡣ҸҪ͵Ϯ
΢ơٿʩչ֮ʱһīĲϯӿܡ
ܻæеտȫ񵲡
Ȼ޾Ľϯ֮£֮û˿ˣƫеػܣ
ʱܵǶߵķһصص˳ȥһɺѪɫҪѿжѿ
ɶȻ깥
һڵأɫ˲Ϣ䣬һţۣöԼ۾
ûϵ̶̼δ׾Ȼѧ깥
Ҫ֪ҪǼѵöࡣ
ңʩչ깥ɱ÷ǳһɱһǧ˰ٵ³òʧ
꼫ǿ飬Ż깥
ˣͨҲֻͬʿɱʱʩչ깥Ҫʤǿǳѡ
Ϊÿһ󾳽磬ʿƷʶᷢһɱ䡣;ʿͼʩչ깥ɱ߾ʿֱѰ·
ǣףȻʩչ깥ɹܣ
ζʲô
ζųףƷϣҪһأ
һˣܲɵ롣
ʣóɡޡ״̬µףԭѾǳڵǣƱؽø
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫƾܣ
ײû깥شܣ
˵ײѹסܣƷϣͬռ˾ԵϷ磡
˺Ϣжϣֻһʥȴܹȫ޻֮
˵սͬСɣͬʿУܹ俹˾ָ
ǴģԸܹһնɱܣɽһƬ졣
ɽУǧԹ۵ˣȫĿصɴ˫ÿһĳסȺؾۼһ۷׷ס
ʦ֣û°ɣ
Сۿشɵ΢ҡ̾һܵǰ
ˣ
ûƫͷȥҧ֧վ΢΢̧ͷźƱǹһͦףɫΪӡ
ʱѾȫްս
ٴȥûбҪˡ
ʱܣ֮Ĳ࿰ǵ蹵ֻҪԸ⣬ȫһֻһ
ֻܼȡ衣
𣿡
ӸµףЦܣĿζ
ˡ
Ȼ̾һܵСܸоԼڵѪ絶
İŮ˵棬һٶر裬ܷŭÿҪ
УһҪĵشϳ̨ھŲ̨ףڳ̨һʶӡΨˣҲܹõȪ壬ϣͻƿһٲ龳磡
Ψ̤龳磬Ҳϣܽ壬ʦôӽж
ܰ¶˾ġ
׻˵ʶʱΪܣǸˡ
׵ͷһЦȻһתˣ԰еˡģһ¼ö㳢ʵġ
䣬ͷһѪˣ
öʣ
ʿɱ裡
Ӳϡ⣡ҧгݡ
ײΪ⣬Ħżϵİҹħߴٵȥ԰Уʣȫժʵ̫ζˣҿҪһЩƷ
ɣ
ҹħһͻΪһīḷ́˹԰Уʼѹ
ɽеǧˣһֺּޣȴֲҳǳ⡣
ϾεĹܣǰָֻţοЩСˡ


1976 ò
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ҹħͽ԰еժϡɵ׵ǰйĹҵġ
ЦеشӰҹħĸͳһöһöǰǰܹͳٶö۾ֱȴֲ
ûɵģܵֳһ˿
Ѿ۹ɽȣΪľǵ
ȻһöûеõеȫΪ׵սƷ
ŭܵĵȼա
԰ڴһλ뷢԰סҲ۵ߣżᶨصĲ׵ǰҾ·ףƬɽȵĹ£ƽ︺԰ά˷ݼǰһ󣬻ǰܹԮ
̧ͷһ·ף΢Цŵ˵ͷʲô飿˵޷
еתͷݺݵص·һۡ
·ףѲǿǽͷݣʵǿףܣ
ʱһĨŨصɱܵڶ
ܵܽɱ˵·治ɫĲƳǰع԰ʮ˶ΣϣǰܹԮȡ
ԣܲɵ΢΢һ·Ҫ˶ɵ񣬴·׵ƿ
Ȼ˵ܲʮ·Ƿѱ䣬Ϊ·ֻһԪʥߣûʲô̫áʱ˿̣·ͶϣǾڴܵ
裡
ܵġ
˶
üͷ΢΢תһۼϵЦʵС㣬ǲɵĺ£
Ƥգգ۾óԵùĹҵĦ׵ա
ãҴӦ㡣˶Ļȫ̧ɡ
װظƬ̺תͷǳشӦ·׵
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣·ɤ۵࣬ءɫѸת磬ŲõЦݳŹ԰зɱȥ
һܣһкվڲԶԹ۵ˣһæ˰æ֡
·ɽйΪ£䣬ʮԽڶ·ײ˹԰Уһ̧һȫá໲ҺĻΡΡشӹ԰߳˵̯һƬ
С㣬ǽⶾ׷Ը
ӣ
ԵùĹҵģ׵ָƵش׵ļڷɶ𣬽ţһһ˶ĻһεξӨҺ˻ĿС
ܿ죬жʮȫ½ָȻһʱԻָȬʶѾָѣܹ˵ˡ
лǰԮǸˣ
ɱ֮Ϊ
ǰ̧֣¸м
ɹȵʮ˵Ĳ£Ŭվ׹񣬱ж֮顣
ʼգܶĬɫࡣ
΢ḡɽӿ˵Ĺ㣬߷һȺ衣
΢΢תͷݺݵƳһֵСģһ㾶ǰʮǰ񣬡ϣϡ
ʮȫתͷܡ
СӣҪĻȰͷҲֻмöǽ忶ң͸ҵء
ҪʵһڸͺƤҪ϶᲻ǰӵʹ͸㼸öġ
˭룬ûܿڣʮȳԴǿУȴʵǲô
ܺƤҪ
ǻɱʹأ
ϷģҲҪҪҳ
ǳ鴤Į
ʵʮͬһŵĳϣճҪܳģܲѹ裬ʮһ仰˵δе˵ȥ
ƺѽʵδԹԡֻŬؼһЦѵλҵĵ̣ˣȻҪúÿλϣλϽӷϴ
ϣϡλɽСգøһТλϵĻᣬΣ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵
˵ܵйоأë
ܵӲģƼӲĺ˿ûг⡣
˰֣ҪܿҪţݵ飬ĺˡ
ʮͷ֪ͣ˴˷Ƿ֮һؾ̽գ飬ŷţ㱨ء
ɫһ
ʲô
ʮλʵȨֻ֣Ϊػ׵İȫ׽һؾ̽գ
ңǷ֮
û뵽һˣȻܹõʵʶܹĹɣһǰδе


1977 ʴ
ΪĹһе֮ӣڹĹеλ磬ܵǧ˵𾴣ͬʿУδܹȵѹһͷ
û뵽һˣȻ֮ܵӶδܵܶ׵ļ֮ԽŨ
ϣǰ
ʱײʱ˵˹ƤЦҾܵĽ鲻ȫɽСһʱ䣬塣·;һʱ
ңҶ༼ǳȤúѧϰһ
Ļ磬Ҫѧϰ༼
ν㲻档ֻҪѧֲôԺȫԼıֲ
һܹԴԴϵػζˡ
ȻԸڴ˶ûʲô
ʮȻһЦ̾͸ı⡣
ġ͡
ܲɵɫһһؿһףתͷһۻʮˡ
ʮԸƤЦģʵԴǳ࣬ƽڹĹУֻмʮϵܵĳཻǳ˸ʮ
Ϊϣһ֮֮ϣԸưƽʵټһŲܹçĽмһ֮⣬ײβ˵ѰˣһЩĳϡ£һ涼еҡ
˭룬ʮλʵȨϣȻƴӣһΨհ̬
ӿ־ּʡ
ʣµģӡڹ
壬ǲúֻ˵ڴСգʱˣ
ⲻļƣδҲ̫Լһˡ
Ը嶯׽Ӷش̼֮£ѹƲסͷŭſڱҪʶĻϽ뿪ƬɽȣԽԶԽã
䣬ʮСˣȫɫ䣬һ÷ŭܡ
ܣעԴǣ֪ڸ˭˵𣿡
ǹĹɵĹҲҳԲѷ
ʮü
ʦ֣ʲô̬ȣָѾˣӦøж²ǡȻҳԲѷͲָ緭ˣʹһ٣
СĹĵΪ״򱧲ƽÿһÿһһУܵࡣ
СӣҵľˣԸͣǸӣȻʶ̧٣ûнҵϸˣ
ٿأӿһɾܣѹɽѹƺһЩڵء
Ըֱʣϲֱֱȥв죬̾Ҫ֡ҿǹĹɵĵӣĻ촦ˡ
㡢ǡ
ŵصŻʮСˣɫ˲Ϣ䣬ίÿҪ޳
ΪͬţСΪܽаҲͰˣʮȻȻܷ첲գܴ
ãã
ʮʮӶˮת
֮裬ģ㷭Ҫʮٱس
Թضףɫһݻ׼ȥȻҪұ뿪
̫۸ˣ
ͷβ۸ˣǣֻ޿֮³һ䣬Ȼ̾⵽ΧǴʡ
ţ
׼߶ȥʱһֱȻЦףȻˣɲܾôˡ
ţܽŲһ٣彩Ӳת˹ҧһһһٵҪôɱ󻼣
˫ѪȫܹɱˣѺʬ
ҲҲ
ʧЦô˵ҲǹĹɵĵӣСĵʦ֣Ҳܹʹɱ֣
ֻ֪ͨһƬɽȱҳаˡ
΢΢һЦȻı⡣
ɽȵֲֽķΪܵ׾ֱӽɽȴܵжΪС
һɽȵˣΪ׵׸ҪѧϰֲֻҪɾˡ
ʲôҪҵжɽȣ

δҲ̫ˣҪĽɽΪУʵ̫
ɽȱڲ֮ǰոռģҾΪҲûʲôԵġ
ܽɱ˵Ŀ⣬νʼЦζضܣܻ᲻ͬ⡣
ΪӵоԵʵַӾܹܿ޵ҪǸҲͬ⣬ֻȡ裡
ʱɽеǧˣȫһȻʱȺ
𣿴Ҫܵж߹֮λû뵽̶̵ļ֮ڣɽȾͼ
ӿ϶ǿǵֲҪǸֲ
ԸһҪбĻԺӿɾͲˣ
ӱ񣬾Ȼܹλ龳ĸ׷ңԲǷ֮ҪܹЧͲٹŵµˡ
ڵˣеİ̾ʱ˲ã˶ⶡеϣ׻һʴȵĹ


1978 ֿ
ܺȻͷЦЦĪЦỨĽ
ϧɽеÿһˣҵв£Ѫģûҵ׼ʣǲܹҵ£ͶɽŵģĻҪ⵽գ֮ͻΪʧΪһˡ
ԣҪռɽȣҵ񣬱ҪõҵͬУĻǲܰݵµġ
ֹסЦõס
΢΢һѯʵɽеһˡ
ɽڵˣ׷׵ͷ̾Ϣ
˵ûɽڵˣȫвѪģû׼ʣû˸Ͷɽš
ð죬ھͳѪģ׼ͳΣͶҵ£ˣ
üͷһ˵һϡɲ顣
ʲô㲻ڰΰɣ
һЦÿ׳һף壬ֽվɱңĻҳѪġ
˵ţᶨذͷƵĿ⿴ףʮ
ܼܵű׳벻ʵ񣬻ʮĬصͷƣһļơ
ҲǳĬûавܹԹԾͷҲûа顣
Ȼ˵ʮϣվһߵģǹΪĹɵĳϣôҲܹͬһͬŵӵĶ
ҪǴ˹ĹɣƱؽһȻ󲨣ʮû취
ԣǻʮѡ˳ĬʱõĴֶΡ
׵ɽȫĬеζԽŨˣ֪ײʹɱ֣Ըס
ȻֻһЦܣƳǲײĲᣬұҪóɱﵣſϵͷˡ
ವһһһöӨ͸ƣ׵УȻǹĹɵĻơ
öƣǹĹɵ׵ıֻҪ׳ʾöƣ൱ĹɵĵҪԴһ
ǣ
ĿһضеĻƣöûܻعĪǡĪǹĹɵĻƣ
еĻƣЯһ˿ʵϢΪĹɵˣһ˲ɫ䣬Լ۾
ĹɵĻƣΪʲô׵У
Ҫ֪öƣڹĹеĵλڣʵȨϣ׶ҪҾ
һ
۹⡣
Ŀܣ׵ȻһЦµûǹĹɵĻƣöƣ൱ڼˡ
΢ƣܣ㻹¹񣿡
͵һ£ǵͨ죬ܣһˣƾʲôܹõƣ϶Ǽٵģ
ʱ˿̣ܸоԼҪˣ
ףȻֳֹĹɵĻƣ
ֱ̫ˣ
еĻƣģĿáԣм٣һ㣬ҿҵ
ʱһֱĬĻʮƳ
ܶʱңҡ
ѹ֣һˣܹõʮʵȨϵĸԭл֣
ǣеĻĻôĵλ൱ڹĹɵ
Ȼ׾ǹĹɵôʲôҪҲӦ
ܣ̸ҹ񣬷ĻҾ͵Ŀ𳤣ˡ
ʱ򣬿ɱ㣡
ϹζЦݣ»ԽԽá
㣡
ܽҧأһӢǳɫ˵ӸǷ«έһҡΣվûи׹
ʱɽеǧڳСİŮҲڳܸ׹񣬱ɱҪʹǧ򱶣
飡
ٿأܵǰ̧һţֱܵϥǴֻͨһܶʱһģڵأǾ߷ߡ
ʶСӣƾȻ¹򣬳ɺͳ
ıǿһͷسֽѵܡ

һʱ䣬ɽеǧˣȫһȻÿһȫĿɿڴضŹڵصܡ
ûϵ֮ǰǸҫҪɱ˵ιת֮Ϊ˽µһ
һްϿԵɥ֮Ȯ
ǰǰɱǲˣû뵽Ҳн죡
ޣǽޣҪλͨǰֽܹɱˣ͸ˣ
Ҫܹ׷λǰĸ
ڵˣ׵񣬶鲻Խشһ˿뾴ηĵƽһͷݵ


1979 ȥδ
ڣı𣿡
̧ţܸҪ̧ͷֱӸ֮Уݺݵ룬ŲƳ
Ǻ˵ң䡣
ζûϵ֮ӣȻгһջᱻǲһһڽ裡
һ̣յĽȫһЦ
ˮܿƵӿƾһӿ
ʦ֣ǺαأСᳶ˳׵䣬ϣܵĹϵʵϣ̬ѾСԿƵĵز
ɿ˽ţ̬ȴû˿ı仯
һ䣬ı𣿡ЦëȻ־塣
ҴӦ㣬ʲôӦ㣡
ܲΡΡ̧ǳˮģӣҵĨĨ̧ͷףֻΨΨŵŵشӦһ䣬ĬشͷһͿʬ⣬Ҳû˰㾫
ã
׵ͷһЦܰ˰֣ɣ
ܲûվǱʩչʯһڵأޱ૵ڣ̽ɢɽȣɽеˣȫָ֮ҪͶźɣΥµѪģ
䣬ҧԼָ⣬һѪЩѪΪģ˲ӿɽеڣ˵µѪġ
̫ˣǲۣڻָ֮ˣ
ֻҪܹƿأǾǵţĻм
ûʲôɸˣôϣܹһֱôǵȥ
ɽеǧˣڽѪĵ֮󣬰಻סظһػһü֮ŴϢ
ָ磬ưǶôİǴķ
СĿ˸˸ؿĹˣЦе׵ĸۡ
׶ȥɵһơ
ҿ뿪𣿡
ӿ糱ĻЦУûɵضһ£˫еĹʳ˵ĻЦһ࣬ʹ
оɤǱӻһ˿ڣ˺ѷεۣŬ죬촽˼£Ƿ˸ɬ
Ȼʱ˿̵Сĵˣȫ˵ĻЦУûע⵽ڵأһһܡ
ӿ糱ĻЦУĬĬһɥ֮Ȯһ¼ŵԶ
Ȼʱ˿̵Ѿ֪úȥδӣĽŲȴ쳣ᶨִšֱؿԼɼĳ̨Ȼֻһģڴʱҵ˵֧һ˿ϣ
Ψлǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣȪ壬ܲлͻƿһٽ龳磬Ϊ˵е龳֣
ֻгΪ龳֣ܲϣףԼʧϣͳͳһ
СģˣҶһƬģȻ˲̣
ҷģҪԹŮңһ򾡣Ļֻأ
ҧΪŭ߬ȭͷɺѪˮȴ˿ûв
ʱ˿̣ܵľѾ췭ظı仯
ҹгһԼܹףСĻת⣬»صԼĻ
ڣѾסС֮䣬һʼ飡
ģˣ
ԭǻİĽ֮飬ʱȫתΪޣ
ĳޣ
޲ðСĵƤСĵѪ⣡
֪˶ãܵӰѾʧɽУûïܵɭ֮С
ϵһĨ¼ţһ˿ƺɽУþûɢȥ
ʮȥıӰĬá
ϣôʵ
⸣֮У֮ϣһβʹĽѵܹܶСĳģҲϣܹҵķ򡣡
ֻǣ̫ܻعĹˡ
ʮ̾һͻһɼ褺ĸп
ΪȻص˵ͷ
ԺȥδӣֻϣҪԹޡΪʱҲɼĽ壬ǹĹɵĹɵȫϵһ£ܹģֻи壬Ϊһŵδ

ɽڲĻЦ֮ƽһ̧ͷס
ʣڷϳ֮Ҫȡ֮ġ
ҪһʲôĴÿһ˶Ļаϣ
ܵǧ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽Լϣ΢΢һЦ嵭λǿܻʶңףΪŽ塣
䣬ȫһɧ
ףû˵Ž壬컯ɾ˲֪˲
Ǵ˵Ԫͻǫ́ϿɣڵھŲ̨һʶӵŽȻŲһȻͬ죡
˵УŽǻа۴е˶ԭѹĸ֣ذУԭŽ壡
̫ˣҪܹݵŽ£ӿ϶˳˳ˮ
ڵˣ־ϲٿ׵񣬶ʱһ˿뾴η


1980 
ܵ˾㵵׵ȻһЦƺԤ⵽˵ķӦֻϰΪ
ɤӣڳһ˵ȶʱһĿƵضףȴ׵ķ
Уº͵ɤ˵λ컯ɾԴһţڡơȻ㲻ʲô壬Χشһġ
ǸλԸ⣬ԼҵڣʽΪͥеһӡԺֻҪһڷԣȻøλӡ
ȻˣҲǿȴҼڡڣȻһӭ㾡ЯǲԸ룬Ҫ֮ҲӸ档׻˵ǿŤĹϲϣÿһڵʿʵġΨˣ˲ܹŽһģ־ɳǡ
ϣؿǰˡ
ȫһȻ˲ɵоЩ˼顣
𣿽ǰȻһ֮һԲţµӸƣΧش쵱ġǰȴԵ÷ǳǫ飬˿ƽļӣ
ʲôȻǿǳΪҪ֮Ҳ𣿡
ڹɽ֮󣬵һʱѹ֬࣬žǿЧû뵽ǰ˵ÿʴȣǵɺ档
ǧʿȺشһ۷׷ס
׵Ǹе־ϲ
׵ֻҪԸ⣬ɽȵȫڵأΪūͣҲʲô¡
ûϵ׷ǵûаǵ֮֮
ÿһ˵Ķůģ֮У׶һ˿øС
һϯ˵꣬ŴߴǱ˫֣Цеһϲӡ
Ըڣǰ
ҲԸΪڵһӣľֲΪשߣ
ܹΪҰ˱ĸĶоܾĵ
һǰ׵ǰع׵Ľ¡
׻æǰ
½½ģԽԽʿǰ׵Ľ£ͶϡԹƣѾһǧͶϡ
ȻвٵʿأЩԥ
ҪڵĻƱҪ뿪ɽȡҵļ԰ҶƬɽŷǳĸ飬򲻵ѣĲԸ뿪
ǰ˭Ըⱳأ
ȻӴ󣬵ǼУܹõʲôĴȻһδ֪
ٵʿأЩǡƾ׵Ȼ޷ͷݡ
Ǻǣû뵽ôĵѿңԸ׷ҵĽŲΪڵһԱл˵һ֮ȻҪҷһЩ񡣡
׽һǬ˳ԵСģǬһǧ裬ȫʹȥ
һ֣ͽһǧʹƺûеһ¡
СĹɵص˵ͷƣܿȺУÿһͶϵʿַ
ж٣ҪʵϢۻ롢ʵǿʿСĻ෢һЩ裬ͨǧ衣ʵһʿٷһЩҲٽ裬һͨʿԣѾǳջˡ
лˣӸˣ
¸м
Ǹɵйһ־ǧ裬˿ָеǴŵҡ
ܿ죬õ͵ˣȿֺظҾм֮顣
ֳͷܶСǧߣ֮ܵʿΧ¡
ǰǶôУȻһ֣óǧǺ壬Ҳ
þ˵һ񣬾˷ڣǿĺˣ
УҲҪڣĲ˵ļ񣬾Ծܾ
׷ַԭвԥʿȫȲسǰ׵Ľ£Чסһûзļˡ
һӵʱ䣬ǧʿҪڣΪ׵
ʣһǧˣأЩƺȻ¶ġ
·׾֮һ
ȻǿᣬϾֻһʥ̶ȵľΪάһʿš
·а˼
Ϊһ˵Ͻ·֪۷һŵҪԡ
һǿͽٶ࣬۷ǿᣬȻϵһҶۣʱ㸲Σա
ɽȵλÿһԪ۷徳ʥߣԿʥ̶ֳ֡ȵľΪѾɽȵ۷ˡǣһΪǿܣ̾ͻҷ𣬺޵ֿ
۷һŵıϡ
Ϊһ֮Ȼʵǿᣬܹ׻۷徳ܣ·׸еġ


1981 
˵һǧͶϣһƾԼƾԼڵʵ
ţ˳չʾһԼĲĸ뿶󷽣ҡڲʿȿֺع˳׵¡
ˣѾǧʿ½˳ףֻʣһǧʿأ˽û¶ġ
λڵĸҪߴҵǣֻҪԸ뵽ڣͿܵĸ
зѧϰָ߶˶ؼڣ˵еɼҷѧ
īʱؿڲ
䣬ɽбһ󻶺ÿһͶϵʿδ㽡
ţλ龳۷徳ĸ֣Ȼڵĸ
·׵ɴ˫һʱЩĿࡣ
ī¶Ϣжϣһӵ龳۷ʵĸ֡
̶ֳȵΪ컯ɾΧشںɨ˷Ĵڡ
û뵽īĴ֣Ȼڵĸ
һݵλҪһ
һ龳۷徳ĸ֣ȻĸԸ£Ž塣Ž˸ʵС
ǰݺͽƣ龳۷徳ĺţشǳ͵Ĵڣƽ־µˣҪĺţǲܵ顣û뵽ȻõǧѷĻᣡ
ڱҪǿöֻ࣬ҪΪڵһӣԺͲĵعˡ
ɽеˣһ̾ǹ˿ӵׯˣϾҪʳǵЩϲ
Ըڣǰܹ
·˸ͣҧҧ޷˵ǰȥϹϾع׵Ľ£ĪЩ
ƽǰ·ײЦе˵·ףΪɽȵĴ£ľȻ˳ңҾͲΪ㵥ɽȵˡ
ȻˣΪɽȵĹƽʱҪҵĵǲġ
΢΢һЦ
Ŷ·ǰһЩȵףǰӦΪˣɽȵ֮ĲὫǲɢǱɽȵıƣͳһ
ͨ˵κһһ֮ˣǻǵġΪ˱յ췴ɣ첻ȡһʩǽ¼˲ɢ嵽ͬɱȥһͿ߽¼֤ŵͳһ
ǣײûǵûвɢɽȣ·ײΪһεĹһɽȵ
ȻײûнɽȵϡԲҪһЩӦԴʩ㹻ǿʵǰκвһЦ
û׵ͷһЦ
·ӰһΣжзᣬæعл
û뵽ԼȻܹΪɽȵιңɽȵıƻܹ
ɽеÿһ˵һϢ
ǰԸڣǰܹ
·׹ܹιһְÿһ˵ңϣɽȵļ룬ܹڸӷǿ󣡡
·׹¶ݷڽǰĽ£Ǿ͸ûʲôùǵˡ
˵Ҫɽȣҽ·ΪɽȵĹʣµ߰˰ʿʱҲûһ˿һԥһᶨݲǰ׵ǰڵء
ȥûһѡ뿪֮ÿһˣĸԸذݵ׵Ľ£Ϊ׵
գӽǶһˡ
ЦŰ˰֣תͷСģʾͣ¼ĳԱһݷļ񣡾Բܹκһӣ
СĹһЦѭ׵˼ɵطַһݷݼ
һʱ䣬˷׷׹񣬲ϵ˵һЩмĻձδеǢÿһ˵ϣŲõЦݡ
ϣǰ
΢΢һЦ²˳٣ǲ缴·ɣ
ġ
Ϥ㡣
ʮ׵˵ͷ
£׵Ư𣬺ƴսһʿĿȫ˹ȥ
λҾͽɽȸҵıУϣҶҪ
һ˷Ӧ͵һ䣬ʱһɰ糱Ԫϯ˲ûƬɽȡ
¡¡¡¡
һضɽҡУ˵һĻӡ˵
ټһɽȣȻи£˵档
ţһӿ糱Ŀֲ˲׵ϯգ֮䣬ͽɽȸ˱ڲ
Ӹ߿и£ؿϳһӴľ޿ӣǱʯҶİݣïܵɭ룬Եøô۶Ŀ


1982 ˯еѪ
׵ıڲ
ټһɽȣǴһƬһƮƮش
ûɽأرɽʯȻһƬ̼䣬ͳһӴӡ
ɽȣȱС
׵ıУ׾Ҫôı磬һܹ֮档
˵ı磿ţһʥȻӵޱߵı磬ţ
Ҫ׼ҿ϶ΪһؾУ
һʥֵı磬龳ֵı磬¶޷˵ʮ֮һ
ɽУոչ˳׵ǧˣȫһش׵ı磬һɫ棬Լ۾
ˣ鲻ԽһŨӿڱǣ˸оů
Ǻǣı磬Ǵ˵еıƷ֡龳֮ıУܹһʯʱ򣬽ıͽΪһ磡ͽΪ֮
ī΢΢һЦһ
䣬·һȺˣȫ㵵Ŵͣö޷£
ֻҪײ龳磬ܹһʯΪ˵е֮
һпѰʿ˵ҲԴ⵽׵ʵʵ
Ƭ½ոճͣǿڴ½߶ǼסǧҪǰɫѪڲŰѪɫÿһѪɫӵſֲʵܹ׺ɨɽȣ
īһһΣӱʧ١
˻˰Ѫɫÿһܹɨɽȣ
ֻڹżĶѪɫѶϢû뵽ϣѪɫ˵ǣ˾Ȼ˰ѪɫΪ
˱Ҫֲöܹ࣡׷ǰ˱ĸ
ɽеÿһʿȫһϲ˿īĻ
硣
תͷһԵĻʮ΢΢һЦϣսٻɡλãѾǳƫԶʥȪȵǲܷǵġ
ʮͷһЦһӣһǧɳӴսƾճڸ߿С
ָ磬Ϊʲôƽٻ
Сĺ
ҵİѪɫİ壬˳ͻƿ֮Ǿȫ˳˯֮Сԣʱ޷
Ǵӳ˯ضӵΪʱɰѪɫĻƽƱؽ硣
΢΢һЦ
ѪɫľΪױͬÿ׽һ磬Ѫɫͻ˯Уڳ˯ĹУɱ䡣ȵӳ˯ͻȻһ¡
СĳճյؿףԻѪɫӳ˯֮󣬽һʲôո̬
ǡ
սĲŴ򿪣ʮī½սǣСĵ֣ؽš

ʮһսͻûһ⣬ڸ߿һš
սڲʮ趨·ߣڴѡһƧ֮أʼơ
ΪīĿǰ״̬ѣػս
ףСһ󣬾ϥʼ
ת֮䣬СʱҴҶš
Сʱڣ׵Ѿָ߰˰ˣʼȫ
ףոսûжãδȣ躻ʵȹΪ
һգī뽫ʮ׵˻ѡ
壬ϡǾڴ˷ֱɡǰͲ˳·ˡ
ī
ʮѯĿ⿴ףõ׵ͬͣս
ǡ
Ŵ򿪣ʮСȫսгīС
īǰŵ鷳ġ
׳ī빰˹֣Ȼһţƺ뵽ʲôˣ˳㽫ɽȸȥлֳһƬãϣܹڡ
ģڣųʲôӡīЦظĵֱ졣
΢΢ͷһӣһεֱӽһӴɽȸϯɽУǧȫؿ׵ķ
һὫɽҵıУǻšʱزš
īһ䣬һӣһڤϢϯ˲ûӴɽȣһ̣ವһټɽȾƾʧڸ߿С
ǡ
ī׹˹ֳ֣ŻʮЦЦӣͷҲصʧ˵ǰ
ء׸ߺһ
һ·˳磡
Ժ󳣾ۣ
ʮĿī뿪ȵīӰʧ˵УջĿ⣬ս


1983 ־
ಣ
īʩչڤ˵ûһīḶ́ʯһӹɽӺɳһ·֮ϣһ̲ͣ
뿪ѾʮˣȻ˵ʿ˵ʮʱ䲢㳤ʱչһΣҪʮء
ǣʮʱ䣬ܹͬıܶ顣
ڷԲ񣬵˲ûһλһ⵽͵Ϯ롣
ͬʱīıУɽȵ˵ϡɽڲǧʿһشīı磬ʼߴߴ۲ͣ
ı磬ͺһڤڤɽ壬ķˮء
Ǹı𣿸龳۷ĸ֣û뵽ıƷʣҪ˺üΣ
ţǷܹ֮ģȻ˵Ҳ˵֮𣡡
ڿ˵ı챦ʱг˾ȣûио̫𺳡񿴵۷徳ֵı磬֪ıжôĳڣ
ɽеˣ۷׷ףʱīı׵ıбȽϣȻرī룬ǴͣһֽäĿĳݡ
ұ죡Ͽգһըʽıͻأع˵ĶĤ
īȻȫ·ڱĶȴָơ
ī˿ۣûȥǣϵױȽϵʱͲסˡ
û취˭Ըⱻ˲ڽ£īȻҲ⡣
ʱߴߴĵˣȫһɫ̣ī뷢ŭǡ
עԴǣǼڣڵ񡣶ڸҪԵù
øɲܹƷͷģ
·ɤӣغǳһ
ɽеǧˣ׷״Ӧǣ

սУʮһʱƵĻָչǳϲˣһͳһƺʼԹԵơСĿʮƣЦеشǰȥʮֽ̡ǧ󡱵󷨽ṹʮʮֿС󱲣ĵظСĽ⣬Ϊһλ󷨴ʦʮڽ󷨵ʱܹȥͼֱҪСһֱ׵⣬ʮ򵥽һܹСĻȻ
֪ʲôʱ򽫽ūٻ˳ʼūָơʵԼƣûлָȫѾǳˡҲǲ֮Ҫصţ˷̽գȻʧ˼ūȻ֪ϣҴĽūһһ޾ɵػصš
ûܿ飬Ҳ˴ͷɥػȥ
ΪϣǳԼ档
ڲһڲϣϰšʮ顱
ԴӵõⱾ飬Ⱥˡɱ⡱ֵķ壬Ȼÿһֵķ壬׶δܳ͸ǣܹսʩչңܹ𵽷ǳõЧΪ׵ɱﵡ
׳ɹ磬Ϊʥ֣ٻعͷĦɱ־־롰⡱־İ壬Ҫࡣ
̶̵Сʱ䣬׶ڡɱ⡱ֵĴĦ͸룬˿ϲĳɹ
˵ףٶʩչ־֮ǿҪһء

شһǷ˫Ǻǣɹ磬ٶȣҲһǧ˵ѾܹʼĦĸ־İˡ
һˣĿһתǰĽɫֽϡ
ĸ־ǡ
־֪кô
üͷһ΢΢Ŀ־̺ķС
ٿأ׸оԼԴ˵һһΣЩһѪ³Һ׼סѪϸĦ־ķ塣
׵ǰֳһþ
ȥǰããһƬɾ֮У룬һͨɢŰɫĹһķ򲨶ڲ
ùŹֵķ򲨶
׽񣬲÷򲨶Ӱ쵽Լͬʱͼ͸еİ
Īǣ־һַ͵ķ
һжϡ
£׳һȭҶصһϡ
ֻһ죬˿Ϊ׵ĺңϯ˴ķƣ˲ӿס
ȣ
׵ȫ̺İ塣


1984 
أ
ûͼĦϯķ壬׾ͱӿ糱ķ壬˳ȥ
ƿ籩еһҶ«έ
ƺһػվ
һηƵĳ׸оԴģ״̬ʮήҡ
ʱףһþ֮УܵҵĳҲˣܴ˵ꡣ
ҺףѾ˳磬ѧ깥ط˵Ʒʣ˲Сɱ䡣ԣʱ˳ܿ

׾ǿԸ񣬴ʱٶ¶˳ٶһȭҶһϡ
ֻһȭ֮ǰһȭҪ˲١
һΣһϯ˲ӿף֮ǰķ˵ҪСһء
ȣ
׽񣬽Ħ塣
Ƭ̺һʧҡҡͷϧô̵ʱڣҸ޷͸־İ塣ֻвϵظֲиشĦп־塣
£׾ɡʼȭʼʩغһȭ
أ
һϯӿס
׽񣬱ۣĦ
׽ϵغһƵϯ֮£ȫĦ塣
ǰǰ󣬴źҳ˶ʮȭȻһ
ʱľѾǳƣ룬޷Ħ־̺ķ塣
ˣվ͵Ϊֹҵľ״ָ̬֮Ħ־
ҵǣѾǳǿͬʿУ޵еĴڣҪʲôԵķ
ƲƲ죬׼־̺İþ˳
Ȼһʱ޷ɹ׾˳ڶ׼
Ȼ˵ױǣѾǳڣûбҪ˷ʱ־
ǣײûֱӷ־ͶΪĵ־
ΪȻ׶־󣬲ʢһɹƿ־ͿھͶ֮ʩչ־ߵ
־һԵķһԵķսУֻʩչ־дһ֣ԸԼ߷Ҳܹսսս
⽫׵սḻ̶ȡ
־׶սѵİ
ƩСײսܶʱ׶ҪֳһעСģС⡣
־׾Ϳ԰С߷һԼͿȫĵؽսΪСĵĴǡ
Ϊˣ׶־Ŀǰ־
ӣ
׼ͣСƬ̵ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬üĴֳһ̹⣬ţһ˿ĸоӿ׵Ժ֮Уƴ绯һΪ֮һԭƣ벻ľ״̬ʱָ˲١
֣
һƣпϲ
ڹؼʱ̣һΰ
£صԼľ״̬ٶͶ뵽˴Ħ־Ŭ֮С
飡
飡
飡
ֵķӳ֣ܹܵķҲΪǿһЩԣ΢ȭ
Ĺ̿ȤֻҪȫĵسУʱͻúܿ졣
ת֮䣬׾½ٶȭ
һΣ׵ľ״̬ٶȵ˹ȵףǶ˻һֵļӳ֣ҲΪ̡
£׹ϵֹͣʼաת·ߣȫ߶ڵ
ʱףһպ˯еũ򣬾񳹵׷ſգ˯
֪֮䣬սѾ˳ִ
ڻʮĲٿ֮£սоյشضס׻󺣣˳ִ˹Ĺڵؾڴ
壬ǵˡ
ʮ׺һ
£һվֳһʶ̽Ѿ˳ִĿĵغײɵ΢΢һЦ
Ҵ񣡡
ǰųһŵĽūǳһÿһūȫһ񣬷׷װͷͦأԼõľ״̬˳
ڻˡ
Сһ˷ǰϹĹ̽գνһۣöСĶΪǱ֮ˣն˳ضɹѹء
ʱܹصţоǳҸС
ǡ
սĲŴ򿪣һ
գ
ʮһӣֱӽսԼڡ
ţһȵزؾڴֻһΣ˲ʧ١
ϣһҪ㡭
ǰҪʮʮѾûӰǳơ
ǰģϲǰ״ġ
΢΢һЦοԵļ
ɵӶóһʮ̸ҪʮǰܹԼ䣬ǽӰţǳ˵ʵ


1985 
΢΢һɵÿЦáʮū֣زؾڡ
ʮū󣬲ؾڡ
Сǵ׵ĸۣ̤ؾ֮С
Ƭ̺һ˾ͳڹĹڲԶԶģͿһʵĽʣǹĹɵı־ԽçĽˡ
ֵһǣçĽԱߣȻһŲ㱦ǰеġ
׿һڵһʱϳ
ʱ£ΧһȺʿһ㽵ضȺ۷׷ס
ʣúú󣬱˫֣Цݲá
ǿ쿴ֻɽеıǼõı
̫ˣҪܹٶܹһǧ
û뵽رǵиˣ
£Ĺɰ˳ɵˣȫۼһĿɡ
ڲǷǶһöʯ
һϰ಻סеĺ棬ѯʡ
ʸЦҡͷֻǷǳͶ˵һ֣ûǶʯ󷨴߶ġ
ԣÿһҪȼΪԴȪ
ʽ͵
ûǶʯϧһҪҪȼˡ
֪ÿһǶ٣Ҫȼնٵ裿
ԸҪ費࣬ȻĻǿɳܲ𡣡
۷׷ס
ƺ˵ܹΪŲ㣬ÿһ㶼һĿռ䣬УһƬСڲֻÿһڲ̺βͬ
Уĵһռ䣬ԼĪ൱컯ɾΧԼĪ110ĦԪʿڲУҪɽǳѡ
ĵڶռ䣬1020Ħ
ĵռ䣬20100ĦԼΧռʱԪʿзǳҪĺܴԪʥܹС
ĵĲռ䣬100200Ħ൱˳̨ıԵҪܵѹԪµʿͶͺ׹̶󣬷ǳѡ
ĵռ䣬200300Ħ൱ʵǳ̨һŲ̨סܹڵռж磬ôϳ̨ھŲ̨ף練Ƶ顣ʱ򣬾ܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨һʶӣ
ĵռ䣬300400Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵ߲ռ䣬400500Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵڰ˲ռ䣬500600Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨ס
ĵھŲռ䣬6001000Ħ൱ʵǳ̨ʮʮ̨סܹռж磬ôƾǣܹϰʮ̨ףǼӳԪܵĻɾܹϾʮŲ̨ףӶھʮŲ̨һʶӣΪ˾֮ӣ
ĵÿһΧڳһˣȫһЦ棬Ļŭš
̫ˣһŲ㣬൱ڳ̨һʮ㣬ֻʵܹԼܹڳ̨еϼ̨ףʵ̫ˣ
Ǹˣܹ벻ͬԷǳǿ
ҵƿ޷һϣܹͻƿ
ǹĹɵʿעصǽ󷨵ϰǵǣҲܹޱǿ󡣾ˣҲδԽ
ÿһˣȫ׷ˣһϲԽ衣
ȺУҶվЦ
̫ˣҵٶȽһǧϣܹ磬ΪһʥһܹСĵĽŲˣ
ϱݽҧૡ
Ҫʵǳ̨ˣϧһֱ棬ûлḶʵˡ㲻ܹԼǷܹϳ̨
Ҷ͵߬ȭͷϲЦտٿأ¶һĨ֮ɫߣǸĽ壬ڳ̨һʶôʲô˲ģвһ飬ͻ֤ҵʵԻǫ́ϿɣΪھ֮ӣ
صʱʦСĿ϶ҲҹĿ࿴
һˣҶɵ΢΢һЦѾȲҪˡ
µĹ㳡ϣУÿһ˶ѣȺ򲻼Ҫˡ


1986 Ϊ
ÿһҪȼնٵ裿
ִҶƳɣʱѯʣҲǷǳȤ
Ϊһ龳֣ںߵŲռ䣬Ҫȼնٵ衣
ҡͷһЦسԭģҵĿǰֻ޸ǰ㣬߲㵽ھŲ㣬ȻģǿļΪֲܹܵġ
䣬Ĺڲļ龳ĳϣȫ΢ʧ̾Ϣһ
ǲ߶ԪܣƾǰЧǷǳõġ
ʵ
˷׷׵ͷ
ǰ㣬Ҫٵȼϣ
Ҷһĭʵ
ֻҪܹ㣬֤ܹϳ̨ھŲ̨ףڳ̨ڲһʶӡ
Ҷǳء
ৡ
ʱڳһ˵ȣȫʡ
ܵ˺Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦɤӣ˵ģÿһҪĴ裬άֵһתһʱҪʮ裡
䣬Ǹÿһ¸߰˶ͷһˮͷһ͸
һһʱҪʮ裿
δҲֲ̫ˣ
Ҫڶ㡢㣬Ҫȼ裿
һ˲䣬ÿһȫ̾
˵ʱҪȼյ裬ǰѾʸ޸ˣҪȼϽ
һˣÿһȫڴʡ
ܵеĻ֣̿һЦ˵θڣ֮Ų˵ڣǰ㣬ѾҸ޸ˡԣҪȼϽУһһ£ֻҪһǧ衣
ڶһ£ֻҪǧ裡
һ£ֻҪǧ裡
Ĳһ£ֻҪһǧ裡
һ£ֻҪ裡
һ£ֻҪ裡
䣬ȫһƬɧȺشһߴߴ۷׷ס
һһ£ֻҪһǧ裿̫ˣǲƵʱ򣬹һһʱҪʮ裡ȴֻҪһǧ裬ңܹάһ£һʲôǰǧ
һһ£ֻҪһǧ裬һҲֻҪһǧ裬ǹĹɵĲȫԳ겻Ъһ㡣ЩΪȽϵͶ˵˵ֱһĸ
һ£ҲֻҪ裬̫ˣ̶ֳȵģǹĹȫܵ𣡡
ͨ󣬾ȻܹһƵ޸̶ȣֱǻΪ棡
ϲ⣬ʵֶ䲻ڡ
㳡ϣڶһظЦʮģ

ִҶƳ˷ܵش궯˫֣Цеʣǰռ䣬׼ΰţ
ԣ΢΢һЦǰ㣬һ᳣겻ЪҪˣʱܹ롣ÿһռ䣬಻ܹһڣԣҪǰռˣҪǰǼÿһν룬Ϊһ£ȡκηáǣҪסһ㣬ǽˣô߶Ԫܣֻ׼ƾΥ̾ͻ⵽⣬Ҫܵϳͣ
ླΪԽϵ͵ˣһʵĻȫѣһƶЦǵͨ졣
ǰ㲻շѣ
ڱɬĵͶʿ˵һ
ǵĲ㵽أ
ҶƳɼ׷ʡ
Ĳ㵽㣬Ҫˣÿ˶ҪһķãõȡȼϵֻҪ㹻ķãͿʱصؽĵǣÿһеһˣͲˡ
һ

ʱԪϵʥߡʥȫһЦá
ÿһ˽ĵҪȡ˫ķã
ǰٷ֮ٵ󰡣
ҪһͬʱĲôʾͿȡһٱ
¸е
Ȼвʣһ뵽ֻҪɲ裬ܹÿһԪϵʿĻŭš
Ȼ̶ֳȵķã˻ܹܵġ
̫ˣھҪ
ûƷһֱǳҵߣҿɲ˷ξѵĻᣡ
Ҫǰ㣬ĶǼǣ
һʱ䣬µĹ㳡ϣУǵӵһţֳһƬҡ
ЩЦõǰһĻεҡͷЦ¾Ͱ֣ʼǼԱάĸ


1987 ֣Դ
ʰһЩָά򣬱뿪˹㳡
㳡ϣУĹɵÿһˣȫӵǰڸǼǵĳϡ֣ԴǰԣӵһţÿһʿУһǬƴ֣ԴϵǰϵţＱģƶͶ̥һ
Ŷӣ
˭ǲҾԶ׼
֣Դͺһࡣ
ΪĹɵĳϣڶ೤УǱȽεһλΪûʵȨҲûʳڵĵӣľΪҲڣԣڹĹеһֱߡ
ʮʵȨҪ˺üΡ
ڲһˡ
֣ԴʵʵڵȨ
ʣ֣ԴΪ֮ݵλͬն
ʱ֣ԴУǿϲġ
˼ȵУ֣Դص˵ϵĻҳǰһ豭һڣһڴӡ
֣Դĺǳ£ӵһŵˣæųһǰˣϹֺõЦݣұں󷽵ˣͷֱš
֣ϣƣǴɽļƷ͸ֻϣܹͨͨڣһ
֣ϣϴβ˵ҵҹǳÿϲʵ͸ˣһȥã
ϲ֣ϣϣܹЯЩ
˶󷽵ˣее֮ӣеӸλĹ£ʱ׷׳֣Դ£ϵͼһ
Ȩĸоã
ܵ˿ԼǾη𾴣֣ԴһЦоȫµÿһëף˿Ҫж
ܿ죬֣Դ˴ĴţȻߣӣһ֦ëʣʼеǼǡ
Եĸ֣һæȡãһæ֣Դ˲ˮ֣Դͺһ۵ĻʵһһӣһʿǷʸ
ʮסСĵˣ۴αȵĽȺֵǿտյģһӰҲûС
㳡ȴǲϵش
㳡ϳʲôˣ˶ȥˡ
Сĺ
ߣȥ򡣡
ʮһЦһȵؿ첽ǰ
ϣ
ŻʮĽŲǻʮһƺԹԵغȾƸ·ⲻ
΢΢̾Ϣһ֪ʮѾţ̫ǰԼˣ죬
ܿ죬ʮ׵ˣ˹㳡ϡԶԶģ˾ͿçĽԵһŲ㱦
ţ
ʮһЦ¶һڱ־ԵĽ壬ⲻ𣿡
׶ȥɵǰһ
ҵ
΢΢һЦҽǰæ޸û뵽ô죬޸ѾͶʹˣ
̫ˣҪܹͶʹõĻָԺͶһķǣøΪǿ
СЦףȲ׵ĸۣµȺ
壬һȥ˽ͤ档
ʮһ
ԶԶشӦ㱻СȺ֮С
ʮЦҡҡͷݲȥ
ŻʮȥıӰЦҡҡͷʮūçĽķ
ˣΪβһݼˣ
Ͳ»ڱ˵Ļ
֮λˣ˵ǰĹʧӶѹ㣡
ūһۣ̲סѯʡ
Ƭ̣һҡҡͷ֮ڽ٣ʮǰĺˣĴҵı˵ҵĻҸûа취ң϶ĻҵĻ
ԣҾʮһͬҲͽ޹
ص̾һػһתҾûʮǸˣǰҵġȻˣҷµĹʧʵ棬ҲǱ֡
ǡ
ҵ飬ǾͲҪˡһԭʮūʧʮһƽҪڼҿɲϣʮ˽ū磬Ϊ˵Եʣûˣ
ǣˣ
˷ģһȫ㶪
ʮūȫͦأɫࡣ
ܿ죬ʹʮūǵçĽһ·ϣв˿ʮū׷˱ܿóһ·
ݼϣ
Ͽ飬ʧԶӭʵˡˡ
Ӹ밲ˣ
ִ¡͡ӣ׷ʺãԲض˵
ʼնֻص˵ͷ̬Ȳ̲ܿʹʮūçĽ


1988 ͨ
£ǧųһ׳۵ĳ
УҶ˳ؼǰţ⡣
̫ˣλã϶ܹ
ܿ죬ҾͻѸײڶ֮ƣϵ㣬ţҲ֪Ҫȥʵǳ̨ϵھŲ㣬ǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ
ҶϲЦտȲش궯˫֣ȻЩȺ򲻼Ҫ֤Լˡ
ϵĴЩˣ˶ĺ󷽣ǰˣǧˡ
֣ϣæҺĲλã϶Ĳеˡ
볤Ϸ⿪ڴлˣ
ϼ㺹죬֮£ֻ͵͵ֱµ֣Դȡϵͼֺ֣Դ
ô
֣Դ̧ͷķ򣬵һЦ¹ΣҪ䣬磬˲ܹڡĻͻ»ԣҪͨڣҷǳΪѡ
ԣϲɵһ֣ԴԽ
ĸĸϵǳǢС£Ǿ֮ͣζġ
ϿҪʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ԴһתӦһһһͷҵæ֪ظһǧҪš
ϵʱϲ⣬лڽʱڣ˴а׵Ĳͺһֻ죬ȴ֣Դ֡
һ֣ԴȻȺе֣ϣֲСɣҵǼǣЩˣҪЪЪ
֡
ӦԽڶĽУ첽ߵ֣Դԡ
֣Դ˶һӣȻеëʵݸϣԼһ豭ŶȣյһϣҪھжڡ
л֣ϣ

ֵ֮ͣһᡣ֣Դ΢ƣҼ¼һͷҾͲźۼظһ˲׷֡ǷˣҲ˵ʲô
Ϲɵص˵ͷоǳһ
Сĵϣһ·ϼСܵȺųһȺ
Ǹأ
Сĳ˳һ䣬ѯʵ
ʦ㣬Ǹ֪ܲһÿһ㶼̺ŲͬƷʣٺòˡ
ոսóͶʹãǶŶӣҪһӶ
ʮ󣬶Сĵʻ֪޲޲𡣿ϧǣλñȽϿҪϣЩã
˵ǲƵģҪǿĻĴȼϣǺ嶼Ӧ𡣡
Сüͷ׷ʵ
΢΢۾ǳڴĻش
ʦ֪ǰ㣬Ѿ޸ˣΨ߲㵽Ų㻹ǲƵġͶʹõģǰ㡣
꺩һЦ
Ŷ
ײɵǰһʮοǰ㶼Ѿ޸̫ˣǰΪ컯ɾΪڵʦô̶̼ʱڣ޸
˵ǰѾ޸ϿͶʹã׵Ǻһһ
˵ǰ㹻ˣϣ׶Ԫ򣬲ܹȥ
ֻǣҪϵѾǼˡ
ˣȻǰѾ޸ˣôÿһʱҪĶٵȼϣ
ЦݣȲسѯʡ
һ˳ؿףƺʶף֪СĵɣͬʱŻƣʮ⣬Բܹ΢΢Ƿһػش֪ĵһһ£ֻҪһǧ衣
ڶһ£ֻҪǧ裡
һ£ֻҪǧ裡
Ĳһ£ֻҪһǧ裡
һ£ֻҪ裡
һ£ֻҪ裡
δ䣬Сľŵϴ󣬼һ
ûɣһ㣬ȻֻҪһǧ裿ңάһµʱ䣿
׵ɴ˫һĿࡣ
̫˼ˣ
Сһ󾪺̾ҿ֪δ޸֮ǰһռһʱҪʮ裡ȻֻҪһǧ
ΣСĲŴӾ޴ľϲ֮˹
ΪǰֱǻΪ棡
׼ֱ£޸õҪóȥܹһֵۣĽҪ߳һ
ָ磬ߣھҪ
Сǣ׵ĴֲڵĴ֣첽ɱȥ
׳ŽѴɵ˵ͷСĵ֮£Ⱥֱ֣Դڵӷɱȥ


1989 
һλ
һͽ˵ּ¼ڰֺһλ
ʦá
ҶֳһȣǵϵǰϹаȵЦݡ
ŶԭҶʦ֡͸¼ڰҪڼ㣿
̧ͷһҶ϶ʱһĨֺõЦݡ
㣡
Ҷƽ˵һϡɲ顣

ˣȫһһùŹֵҶ
ʲôʦҪ
һȻŴӣС죬ʧǣռе200300Ħ൱ʵǳ̨һŲ̨סй涨ֻ׼ʵǣĻ᲻̫ðˣ
СҶѡ
ģҵʵûκε⣬͵ſϷɣ
Ҷһȣɵȡ
ڰյëʣһʱ޷ʣתͷѯĿ⿴֣Դ
Ҷһ䡣ռڲΪüԽǺĵԽǿ൱ڳ̨ھŲ300Ħ֮󣬿ԴΧĵشƶҪΪܲ˳ôһȡ㱾νĻᡣҪУҪٶȽɷˡ
֣ԴһʹӦͬʱҶһЩҸ档
Ҷ΢ЦͷһͳһǬݸϡ
ϲԥëһӣͽҶּ¼ڵС
ʱȺһɧ˵Ŀ⣬ȫֱײӰˡ
ǿ쿴ŽСʦˣ
˵ˣͬǰдϣû뵽ôͻˣ
ŽСһԣɲŮò˼ʣ
۷׷ס
Сģ
ҶһСĵ֣Ͳɵһ񣬻æѭȥЩҶûмСģСĵָС
ƺҲ˵ü΢Ҳ̧ͷȥ
ܿ죬С˾ʹ˵֮УϲЦտһ·ͣҶǰͣ˽Ų
ʦ㣬ôڵǼ
Сһۿϣɵ΢΢һ
ϣǴСľ֣Сͻʱȣྺ˭˭ܵ˵˵츳Ѫ൱ΪҲֲ٣ʵڰ֮䡣
ǣԴСĽСǧ֮󣬾ѹһͷ
֮ǰСһٽ磬Ϊһʥ֣ͷȫѹһͷ
ԴˣǱһҪСġܹмӿٶȣӶСĵľΪ
û뵽Сôͻˣ̾ϡ
ǺǣСʦԴӵõ˰֮ԽԽˣ֪ʱϲʮ˸Сӣ
ƤЦⲻЦشк
СϢһϡ
ʮ˸Сӣ
ǽСĵĸһʮ̣
ʱСЩŭȴǺʾһЦͻӦʱû㽫Լ޳ȥءҵ˹ޣʦ㣬ǹ¼ҹһҪҸһµһūͦģʮֿʣԸҲáҪǣߴţ˵Ǿͺˣ
ٿȻ䣬ý̡
һСģԼһ˵еŽΪɾ⡣Ž壬ʵڣ츳ˣȨƣʵÿһŮˣɶǣСˣԼһҲͰˣȻҼ޸һū̫Ʋˣ
һˣʱ޵ЩûסȥСŤһ
ʦãʲôʱģôҲһ
ҶһĲЦݣ˧ظСĴһʮǵ˵
СŤͷһҶεطһۡ
ҶƤж񰡣
ϴα׽ѵôңû뵽һʱ䲻ǹƤҩһһСľͲԵ׷쭣ٶѿ
ΪŮˣҶڨСģĮӣҶʮΣζУ޲һطȥ
Ҷпɣأܹǿų棬ɿһ͵ʲô鶼ûзһ
ʦãҪ𣿡
ؿҶСǰԱеĸоʮָӣе㼵ʣе㲻ޣҪҶڶ
ҶΪĹɵ֮ӣܹõҶ׷ӣÿһŮԸ
СľȻڸв֪Ҷɫ
ˣ
ģһͷ׼ݺݵһСġ
û˵ˣҪָһͬһС΢㣬һĨС˷ܡ
׵ȻһЦǣСĵ֣ܵ޵Ŀ䵽Լϣأ޶ԡ
ŶǷǳǸÿһҪˣҪŶӡңÿһֻܹһˡھǸȥŶӣҲˡ
ϽһЦĿ⿴СģȻˣҲôͷɥʦҴһ³֮󣬿϶ҵĵõġһûнҲջˣ


1990 ȭ
С΢΢һ
ȻҪŶӣ
ңСȥŶӣҲ޿ܵõһ
ߣҪҪŶӣ
СľǿسϻﻰⶼʾԼԽУźۼسСģʮߡ
뵽ˣԼɡסСĵľ̤ʵˡ
Ѱ˽ҲҪŶӣҪɰķãСģͲҪˡ
ֻҪһ仰û˸
ţ
Цһ΢΢ƣСʦãȻһе̳ݽ󣬵ҲûʸĮ棬;Ӱɣ
䣬ųɳȺУ
С̫ˣȻҪȻӣ
ŶӣδܹõһƾʲôƤƤһܹ̫
СƽͦɶµģһԵǧС㡣һŽΪɣƺԸ񶼱ýˣ
˶Сĵľٶ˷顣
ȻˣСĵݣˣȻԹԣҲֻҵ죬С
˵ԾͿԡ
ϵɣСöͣ΢΢תͷԵףʵָ磬Ҫ
õģֻҪ룬ϵǳҶժ͸㡣ҲҪһͽС촽ЦеشӦҪǣСĵ֣
ʱһԲԶ֣ԴϣƵشЦЦضСģЦǸһ飬ܷ˵㣡
˵ţ֣ԴԵļʹһɫܿʮݲǰСĵǰ
ţ
üͷһЩЦתͷ֣Դ
Сģ˭
ʵ
ǹĹɵһϣûʵȨڲŲߡһֱʦһߵúܽƽʱûٵѡ
ᵽ֣ԴСĶʱ죬
֣Դô
˼ص˵ͷ
󵨣֣Ϊβ񣿡
ʱ֣ԴԵһ֣һڵسСĴǳ⡣
СԥƬ̣ǰǷǷ֣ϣ
ΪСĻǶø𱰵ģȻвʣδʧ
֣ԴһЦƳһСģţضףȴҾ
Ȼ׾ͺƽ˸һֱͦͦվţһҲûҪǰ֣Դ˼
ĪǷ˲ɣ
֣ԴԵĸ֣ȻŭҪǰѵס
ʱֲ´ҶˣǺǣ֣֪Žǰĺˣһƣ֮⣬Ѱ˵ȸûз
Ҫ񣬸ܡ˵Ҫͳƣݿͷأ
ҶζһЦ
䣬֣Դɵһɫʱúѿ
׵УȻһöƣ
˿ͳƣǾ൱ʱݱ֣ԴҪˣù֣Դ
żëùĹɵĳϸݿͷδҲЩ̫ˣ
Ͼ֣ԴϿǳ
һʱ䣬ֳȫ۷׷ףԭͶĻԹ޵ĵӣǶ򣬺ؼס
ǿ쿴ţŽȻҪżë֣¹ͷ
ߣŽ岻ҪǿڳǰҫǺôɣ
СĿڶӵˣû뵽뻢ڣΪһĿ𳤵İŮˣ
ȺУáڶ
СñݽҧҪ쭡
ʱСĵ֣ҡҡͷ
ȻԹĿУǵݲǰ˫ֱȭ˹֣ף֣ˡ
ߣûг⣬ȻбȭƺУ֣ƽƽͬǳ
һЦ̲ﻰ⣬񶾵Ĵ⡣
ʱȫһƬڡ
ȭ֮ͨͬеǲݿͷôҲҪϹҾŽǲ֪ô
ϽͷȻĻ֣϶Ҫú㣡
֣ϣֽѵһ֪С
塣
׵ıȭ֣ԴɫЩĮȻ⣬ҲûΪס
ô˵ֻҪԸ񣬾ò
ҪΪףһóƣ֣Դֻȡ裡
Ȼûа취Ϊף֣ԴʵȨеǰ취Сġ


1991 ߵڰ
֣ԴһЦ΢΢ƣǺǣСƺҪܱǸҾΪԣԶûʸ
֣Դһ
֣ϰ˽ԶûʸˣһǹԹŶӣҲûлд壡
ǴģŽʵ̫ˣһҪӣ֣ϲӳԵͷ˰ɣ
ߣΪõʶܹǹĹΪΪˣ棡
˴Цף֣Դǳ͡
ҶһеȣЦеף׳ԱƱ顣
ҲתͷСס
Ȼڶеʧǣ֣Դ֮󣬲û¶һ˿һգֻǵȻЦʲô鶼ûз
ָ磬Ҳ̫̫ˣ
Сֱš
ḧһСĵԴģ˵Ҫһûܹסǡ
˵ţǣС֣ԳԶĺȥ
һʧ˹㳡ϡ
㳡ϣ۷׷ס
ٺ٣ף϶ȥˣֱһûĳһҵ
֣磬ݺݵش˴׵磬Ǵģ
һҪˣ͸ˡţ֥С£ǲϵģ˵ˣдȣˣҲܹʵҾͲᵱƫ̻ףڲˣ
ûѾŭˣ
Ĺɵ£׵飬ӣһͬģ׳Աж࿪ˡ
ߣС׵ֱۣرԹָ磬˵̫ǣ۸˵ǣĶȻҪͬ⣿ӵ
֣Դϸǹ֣Ȼõȡʸƾʲôô
ʦҶʦҲǺˣֻ֪㿴ǿǳԱЦÿɲˣ
СıϾǸŮӣһϵرԹţģˡ
ֻЦţûжᡣ
ߣȥ˽ͤǰһ鶼Ҫǰ㱨
ǣСĵ֣ڷɶСĹɵص˵ͷ˷Ӷ˺롣
˽ͤڲʮΧһʯǰʮĭɵʽϹĹе־
÷ǳ˵ϹĹȻһص¥صԨиŲ𾳽ľ޹ʱɫΪ֮䡣
˵ʥȪȵĻ룬Ҳ˽ϹĹʸȻһᵽɤۡ
ʮЭŻΪģɹس
̫ˣ
ʸпǧû뵽ʥȪȵҲϹĹܹǸԵ񣡡
ʮЦŵ˵ͷһھƣȻ̧ͷЦСˡ
̧ͷȥ΢΢һЦһӣһεֱӽС׸˰˽ͤС
ףݼǰ
׹
СĲμˡС΢΢Ƿ
񣬶ɡ
վЦе˵
Сʯǰ
ʮСһˮɾƣƽʱûл᳢ǿɲ˷ˡ
׺ȹɾƣԶƱһڣоȫůġ
СѣһνϹĹ̽Ḷ́Ѿ˵ˡܹɹҵǣһٲ磬Ҵοţһܹʮ֮ڣ龳磡
ʶžƱԸ׾ƣˣ
æƱЦ˻ǰĶҲܹΪһʥ
˵ţһһƹ˺С
ʮЦʣվˮ
һ¶ǣձ÷ǳǢ
ǰһ󡣡
׺Ȼ
Ŷ
üͷһЦСʲôҪ󣬵˵޷ֻҪܹ쵽ģԲƴǡ
׵˵ͷԥһνϹĹ̽ǰȻһʼӵǲ˴ǣҪǰǸ޷ʱ֮ţϹĹ˳
ԣϣҪǰ
׿
ԣʮɵ
û뵽׾Ȼ뵽Ҫ顣
ʶʱˬʴЦЦõضףСѲصǣҲȻдȣҲʧū˵Ѿĳͷˡ
Ҳͣ
ŵ
СĶʱǰһ
һиܹûСͬʱΪ顣ҡͷֹһ
ΪתͷƷƵĻʮͷһʶʮһ
Ϊʮʮа˾Żʵǰ״һһг
ûϵʮȻһʵǰ顣


1992 赹
Ҫ֪֮ǰʮҪʮǰԼ䡣
Ȼʮû
ΪʮǾԲˡ
˭룬ʮȻôˡ
ϣ㡭׿ЦõŻʮ֪һֱĴ֮λܹȡ֮
û뵽ôõһԴѹʮȻˡ
ʮžƱھ͹¶ӣЦǺǵسӣ£ԵԼġ֮ǰ֮ûдӦǲǷһˡ
˼ص˵ͷ
ԭһʼʮѾҪˡֻǲǷ飬Źⲻ
һҪڻԹԵؽ֮λã
ʮٿػһת¶һ۵ĽٺֱЦ
׸Ц
Сѣ˵ǴУʥȪȵĻ뽻ˡ
ʳƬ̣ʥȪӴ컯ɾǵߣҪ˶ãͻҵڡҪС
ʮͣ¶žƱ֣ס
üͷΪȻص˵ͷҵʱǨˡҪһ֪ؾܹ
Сѡҵһ飬֪ͬͬ⡣
еףǹĹڵؾͷǳأ˱֮⣬Ҳֻ֪ңǹĹڵؾǳȫڡ
ҪԸĻȫԽڰ㿴Σ
һڴס
ͬ⽫ڰĹɵĻôӽĹɵˣͳ׵׵һο顣
⣬׽ڰĹɵĻ׵ҲܹĹɵĵӹͬˡڹĹɵ˵һϢ

üͷ΢Ƭ̣أЩò⣬¹ϵشһǻȥ֮īǰһ֮
һʱò⡣
ȻڰĹڵؾһѡؾԣһķˮء
ǣĹؾѾΧˡûнɵ޴в֮ǰؾеÿһʿͬˮ֮С
ңǽڰĹڵؾôԺƱؽǳ鷳
Ͼ׵ʵĹĹɣյ沢һ£ֵ
û£ʲôʱˣҲ١ЦûмŴߴ
ص˵ͷ
СģΪһֱһǲǽ۸ˣ
ʮע⵽СһƲֵģЦǺǵؿʵ
ˣһָ۸ңˡСĹĵ
˭Ȼ۸ǵǧС㣬ңҸ
ʮڵ
֣Դϣ
СĵָҪиһ֣Ͼܾ˲˵õذָ
ššüͷһǸؿףСѣʮֱǸΪһʱԾͽѾ޸õõһŵ֮󣬾ͽջأġû뵽ֳЦ
ֿĵǸ׻æ֣ǰˡܹ޸ѾǳмˡҪֻһпõķƷΪ޸ˣҲ֪ҪθлŶԡ
ȴڹĹУջءֻǣϣܹСи㣬ܹؽ
Ц
ʹá
ҡҡͷһôܹռСѵı飬ҿǾġң֮СΪµˣһʱ
ھͽջء
ʲɵվҪ˽ͤߡ
ǰ
æոɣĻϲҪھͽջأƱػʧ֮˵Ǻҡ
ʽŲһ٣Щԥ
˵û
ոɣʾͽջأ˿϶ʧ˵˶Ǻס
׿ǹĹɵĴˣʾԲ鷢
ðɣʱջܿҾͻûϴȥ㡣
ʱһطСѡ
ʳ
ʮݣһǹĹɵʵȨϣһڵĻ
ûн龳֮ǰʮػ׵ңףڡ
Ҳá
ֲ֪ʣֻùصͷӦ
ߣȥ㳡Ͽ
ʴǵشӰ˽ͤзӶȥ
סʮС˵ϡ


1993 ʧ
㳡ϣҶĿĿ£ӣԷĵС
һ˲䣬˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽ĵ㡣
Ҷʦ֣Ȼ˵ĺĴĦ൱ڳ̨ھŲ㣡
ҶʦܹĺĴôʵϳ̨ĵھŲ̨ףӦǲģ
ǣֻдأҶʦֽƾʹĺĴʵδҲֲ̫ˣ
ڳˣȫڴضĵ㡣
ϵǰųɳˣƶţÿһõˣȫĻϲڶ󷽵ˣԽԽ̼
ԼĪһӺ
ĵڲһһɰԪϯ糱һ
ãͷԪ
Ҷʦ֣
ҶʦվͷԪʵͷԪ뷨򣬸ܴĺĴ
˷׷̧ͷ㵵ضĵ㡣
Ҷ
֣Դ̧ͷ㣬ɫٿȻ䣬ķԪгĻҷˣ
й涨вͷԪ뷨壬ֻǽдء
Ҷãһ͹Ȼӹ£ֱȫأɿһͷ
䡭
ڲҶ˿֣Դϵľ棬أƺǴ˼ҪĴԴ֤Լӵŵϳ̨ھŲ
ҶٲȰ棬ҾҪԶˣ
֣Դơ
ڲҶƺ˾棬͵һΣţӿ˴صĽŲ
أ
ȻҲ̫ļˣҶڷ񴳹صĹУٿһΣվûܳסһߵķһĵе˳
һҶĿ֮Уһͷһڹ㳡ϣש̳ɵĵҳһӡ
ʱȫһƬȻ
ҶʦǴʧˣ
ǺǣȻҶʦֵʵԵϳ̨ĵھŲ̨ףδܹǫ́Ͽɣڳ̨ڲһʶӡϾÿһϳ̨ھŲ֮ӣܹȡˣΪеľŷ֮һ
Ҷʦ̫ļˣȻҪһĴֱֿԣ
涪Ҷʦֿ϶뵱˵ͷû뵽ȻˤһΪ˵Ц
ڳˣֻ˱ʾͬ飬еĴЦһ㡣
ǰǼǵϣһؿһ˲ˤڵصҶɵü΢ƲƲ죬ջĿ⣬ᡣ
ȻҶе˼ҲҶһЩٶ˵ֻԼڶ˵ǰӰˡܹҶſɲÿһŮеĸ
ǡ
ҶˤΪ˵Ц϶ʱʧȥȤ˵ǰˣϵжҶǼΪӡ
ģļԲȶ
Ͳһ㣡
ҶڼʦܵĲ£ΡΡվŶѵعǣɫǳʹࡣ
ʱԶʣһ˼ٷӶ˲˵Ŀ⡣
ǿ쿴ˣ
ߣŽȻǲҪ
ҾͲţΪһˣ˵ģ
۷׷ףɫƵضżٷӶһˡ
ܿ죬סʮСľʹ¡
ݼˣ
μϣ
ʱڳˣȫϯض򣬹
ˡ
֣ԴҲҺæϹֺõЦݡ͵һףҧֱ졣
񡣡
֣ȫʩʩȻ
֣ϣ˵õذСѽʸ񣿡
һͿżɽֱ֣Դ
֣ԴһΣɫЩӲȻǿżһЦˣ渵ôһ¡
СģعأһҪӣ˵ڲˡҲҲһʱ֮£˽ʸǲףţҾްԹԡ
֣Դֱ壬˵Ҳʮе
ǣǽСʦȲعصģ
Ҫÿһ˶ӣǹĹף
Ҿ֣ϴĶԣ֧֣ϣ
֧֣Դˣ׷׳֮ͬУҲڸʩѹ
ʮʲɵӿЦҡҡͷ
֣ϣɷ֪˭ģ
Щɸֵʵ


1994 
˭ģ
ʵ仰֣ԴЩɶͷԡ
ѵ𣿡
֣Դطʵ
ɽеı֣Դ뵱ȻΪʴɽı
ڳһ˵ȣҲɫӵؿʡ
ܵɻĿ⣬ʱ˫֣΢΢ҡͷǺǣҴɽıʵϣǽСʢеõıøңҰæ޸Ƶơ
ڳɹ޸ǰ֮ŽСûл֮ǰ˺úһҲǸˡ
û뵽Ϊҵһʱһᣡ
һһʮؽһ䣬ţ΢΢תͷñǸĿ⿴ס
׵ȻЦһ絭ģ
̼䣬ȫһƬȻ
߷߲ѵˣҪסǣ˵׵ģڹĹʱÿһȫˡ
ȻŽʢеõıֻæ޸һ£
ѹŽСһҪӣԭǽģҪȻ顣֣ԴЩˡ
ˣ˵ǽģһεпܻὫߣʱǿɾûлдˣ
Ⱥشһ۷׷סÿһˣȫɥһ̾
֣Դ˫һЩһƨɵڵء
ʲôȻŽı
ôܣ
֣Դ𾪵ضףԼĶ䡣
Ȼ׵ģҪԼ쾭Ȼ顣
֣ԴĳϵãСģһſڣԵȡ׽
̫ˣ
ǰһ֦ëʵϣžһеëʵڵأĵСϣֳ֮ɫ
ܣһֻһʥˣƾʲôܹӵ亱ı
ˣˣŽģǴӽ󣬿Ǳٽˣ
ϵ˲ȵס
𲻾֮ǰԼԽʮسСףϾͲɵÿЦá
ʱ˫֣ɨڳһˡ
ԭȣ˶׷ǳޡ
ȴ־ηֻ̿֡
Сѣ˵һ仰ɡЦס
ɤӣ̲˵λǰ˵ûҴʢϵõıԭֻǰæ޸
֮ǰһصţǰѾ޸ãҪһû뵽ȴһЩҪìܡ
ڣӦ֪ҲǲعƶȣҲǴҪ;ӵˡ׵
˷׷׵ͷǡ
׽ԼѵŶӣÿ֣ԴϵɫֱһЦ
λģʱջȻԽ
ٿأ׻һתһĺϢ
Ĳ̫̫ʴˣ
ػܵ˲ƽ֮󣬾Ȼܹ˽ؽ׳ã壡
̫ˣҪúøлСĶ󣬲ܹд壡
ǰҸˣ
ڳһˣ׷׹񣬸л׵Ŀʴȡ
׵ĮһЦ΢΢°͡
֣Դ
ʱʳˣһſڣ֣ԴӾûɵһ£սս̧ͷʣڡ
ڵϵĹУδƵɺԼıְھͰְʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɫᣬᶨ
ңҡ
֣Դоз࣬ˣǵõʵʶϣӵʵȨ
ûϵϲСʱ䣬̱ˣ
ʱ˿̣֣Դз࣬ɣҪƾжơ
û顭
֣ԴһһٵػӦһ䣬ͷҲû˵һ仰
ʵ˵ͷЦеתͷԵףСѣ˭ʱΪã
üͷһֳȵĿ⣬ɵõȻһЦɣСʱϺˡ
ң
С΢΢һһ̣СϾ͸ֳһĨϲ֮ɫ
ָ硣
Сĵ΢΢ǷŸʵظ֤Ǳ֤һŹƽԭΪṩõķġ
ײɵһЦͶСġ


1995 г𱨳
ȫһƬȻ˭ûϵת֮䣬Сľȡ֣ԴϵλãΪϡ
ˣϱСġ֮ǰǿǶӿţҪǼǳĻǿɾûлˣ
ƽʱʦСʦʦģСʦĹϵǢСЬ
֪Сʦϲʲôϣеҹܹȡһ
ųɳĶУϯ죬ÿһ˵ϣֳһĨֲ̿
ߣȥҴһͬȾơ
΢΢һЦһνϹĹ̽գҿҪúһǡ
ʮһЦ
˾˲ԶçĽ
㻹ӭӣ
ʮȡ
ಣ
£һīӰϯ£ݼˣ΢΢Ƿɫ
ƺǲеĲ׵ȻһЦļ򣬰οǰ㲻Ҫš϶ǰ㲻ˣ㣬Ҫأ
䣬ɵ΢΢һһתͷ˻ʮ
Ȼδϵʮ֮λϻͷȻʵǰԣ
ʱһůļʡ
ϣҡԥƬ̣졣
Ȼûһ仰˵꣬ʮͰ˰֣ĻǧҪлңôҪٽֻ֮꣬㰲ˣõĽҾͻᵱڽܣΪҵĵʯһͿأ
ʮᶨʮֲ档
һЦҵս
ߣȥȾƣҪ̸
ļһ˾ԳŰ˽ͤķӶȥ
¡
СıΪ֮ʮ㣬϶ǰһƣ㻹ڵʲôϽλɡ
ԣϽӲ͵һ£æҵվ
֮ǰϻСģСĽͬʱСǰ˿ԼԽС
˭һתۣСľͳΪϣϵĻǱһЦ
ڣܷҪȡСģ
ʣСǾԲġ
ʦ㣬˵ҹСЬ
СһƨϵëʣЦǺǵھȥŶӣҲһ֮󣬾ֵˡ
ʱҪõĻˡ
СĽһЦֱ¡
һĶӣֵԼȻҪСĵ飿
С鲻ѣͳ
δҲ̫̫ˣ
ߣСʦãģ
һţͼȺŹ㳡֮ɱȥ
СǾûϣġ
Сʦá
Ҷ촽ڼʦܵĲ£СĵǰһֺõЦ֪ʲôʱҪڵСǧΪǧ㲻֪Ϊ˰ɹںϴǧЩûдǧʲôʱпգҿԽЩĵý
СͷҲû̧ػӦлϵĽ̵ͲطˡŶˡ֮ǰΥ߶˷Ԫչ涨Ҫش㡣ɣҾʮ֮ڣܹٽ
䣬һֺЦݵҶʱɫһǳһֻӬɫҪѿжѿ
СĲûˣң
һ޶Ҷʮ֮ڲܹ
Ҫ֪֮׾Ҫˡʮ֮ԭڹĹˡ
仰˵ҶҲûлˡ
ʦã㡭
Ҷҧгݵһڣ߷ߵһţڼʦܵĲ£ȥ
ڳһˣȫŵѹɤ˽
Сг𱨳ԹԹˣ
Ҷʦʦ㶼˱񣡵ԸСʦ㲻ҪŭǣѰӵϡ
ٺ٣ƽʱûֺСʦ㣬ƺó
۷׷ףСĵλáСܹԼ˵ڵڼ䣬ܹƽ
Ⱥ󷽣һɴȹŮ쳤˲̽һСĵķս˷ȭ¶˾һһ·СܵСĵǰǵСĵ֣ЦϲʦΪϣ
˵ţһѴСĵжëʣֿۻôʦˡ
СЦеԴȤСͷмһ˿𣬵СĲûվøŵһһһҪڼ
ڶ㡣һЦ
á
Сĵ˵ͷһԵΡ
ϵ֣Դϣһϣʧ˻һ޾ɡ


1996 
̶̵İʱڣ֣ԴʹõԨ־޴һʱ֮Գܡ
֣ϡ
С֣ԴǰЦеغһ
֣Դ͵һ飬΢΢̧ͷСģɵһЦСģŶӦΪϲǡ
ʲô𣿡
֣ԴƤЦⲻЦ
֮ǰСҪƴġСĳΪϣȻûĺùӳԡ
Ŷûʲô顣ʣ֣ҪҪҿԸڵһһ
СЦе
һһ
֣ԴϢһϣɫʮѿ
ôһʵȨϣһ龳ĸ֣ȻڹĹûʵȨҲҪȥĵһ
Ǵ֣ԴʵҲҪȥ㡣һΪײĵȥġ
СĹ˵Ҫ֣ԴڵһһȻڹ֣Դ
鷳ˡ
֣ԴʶȤشվ֪ԼҲֻΪСķ̵Ķ󣬵ζĿУʧǵȥ
СһƨϣŶȣҪھжڡ

˽ͤС
ʺĵʹ˻ʮƱż鵤ҩȵȱ
ʮȫüЦ˾һȾƣҲԽԽá
壬´ҪҪʲôæһҪǵôҡ
õ˷ʹͣãû뵽ı˷񣡡
׺ǺһЦͷӦ
Ȼ
ţ
üͷһ΢΢鶯һ£һĨϲ֮ɫ
ʮʶ񣬵ؿס
ҵİѪɫѾӳ˯˹
Ц
Ŷ
𣿸Ͻٻǿ۽硣
ʮһۣȫΪڴ
Դ׳ɹ磬Ϊʥֺİ״̬Ѫɫ˳˯֮С
񣬰Ѫɫȫ˹ö˵Ѫɫ϶Ѿɹ׵ĽŲΪʥˡ
ã
׵һЦһӣʱѪɫâϯ
𣬺𡭡
Ѫɫÿһǧɣȫ˸˸ѪɫۣÿһѪɫ̺ſ񱩵ʥһ֣˻ĹڵؾΪ֮ҡ
񿥵Ѫɫ
Ѫɫһ쾳磬ʵԲСΪʥֶδ֣
׳ˣѪɫ˸ʥ֣ƾѪɫΧشɽɣΪˣ
ʮȫ޲ڡ
ǿİѪɫʵһɶõı
ѪɫӵŸ߹Ѫңܹ׵ľԼľΪ
ʵ̫ѵˡ
ţǿ쿴ϳ˰ѪɫÿһѪɫӵƣ
϶Žս裬û뵽Ž岻ڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣͽ磬ңµս裬ɹ磡
ÿֲƣѰʥ壬Ȳ˵ܷӮˣѪɫ;ѰʥܹĴڣ
㳡ϣ˶ע⵽˸߿еİѪɫÿһ˶̾
Ϊʿ˭õһѪɫΪս裿
ǣǷģʵǹǸеġ
ѰʿζòѪɫȴռ˰
˱ˡ
˽ͤС
̧ͷ߿еѪɫָ˵ϣ㿴Ѫɫ֮ǰϵۼ׸ʵˣҫ۵Ѫ⡣⣬ǵצΪˣ̺ź⣬ÿһѪɫƳ죬ɱȻ
ʮͷһЦѪɫɹ磬ÿһѪɫʵ췭ظɱ䣡
ҺѪɫ壬Ļһٽ磬˵ͻˣ
ʮ΢΢һЦ
ΪȻص˵ͷ
ѪɫΪ״̬Ȼ˵սҪһǣҲȫȻûƵġ
Ϊ壬ȫףĺôܹ׵ĽŲֻҪ׳ɹͻƣҲܹ߾磬һ;ûƿһ˵ȫһƬ̹;
⣬Ϊ壬ǿɵضٵС
Ҫ֪ÿһʿ˵ɽٶһجΡԽľԽߣҪٵپԽǿֲļʾԽС
ܹٵУѪɫ˵һĶ͡
ǺǣѪɫڽ֮󣬻ӴмУѧһЩµؼɱУ
촽Ц
Ŷ
ӴмѧµؼɱУ
ʮȫ΢΢һ
СѣܷѪɫչʾһҲǿ۽硣
ʾһƣЦе


1997 
ЩΪѵҡҡͷǰҲԸѪɫչʾǸոյ¼ܡ
ֻǣǸؼɱУֻɱĹУܹչʾңǵԪķǳ֮ԣҾͲչʾˡ
ίؾܾ
û£ܹ⡣
Щźˡ
ʡʮȫͷһЦʾ⡣
Ϊʵ˴۸ƽ޹ʵѪɫڵѪʵЩֵ
ܹõʮʵ£¿οһӣֱӽһεϯգ֮ͽѪɫ˱ڲ
Сѣʱ
Цеʵ
ЦǰҸճڲãУƼԣܲ鼸λǰˡܿ죬Ҿͻ뿪
壬ѵһιĹɣǶûо֮꣬ʢӷϴأô͸뿪ˣ
ʮЩϧ
壬о֮ұȸú£֮꣬Ϊ˵߾ˣ
Щ⣬Щᡣ
շеǻᡣ׵һЦ
СѣȻѾǾͲǿˡֻǣһҪ
ʲûҪ׵˼
ĽǶȳͲÿʱÿ̶֮УΨˣпܸʮ֮ڣ龳磬ʯΪ֮
ֻʣʮˣҪô̵ʱڣ龳磬Ѷȷǳ֮
ʲô飿ǰ˵޷
׵
֪Сǲȵʱ򣬵Ϊ˲С㣬ϣһηڣҪСҡ
ԥƬ̣̾һԳ
˵Сĵĸ⣬ǵ˽顣ΪʣûȨôࡣ
ǣŮ˽վ
СһֱףƱؽӰ׵
Ȼ˵СѾɹɽ٣һѾΪһʥ֡
ǣױСĵʵʮǧ׵ԣֻסң׼縺Σɥ־ڶŮ˽֮Уʶ
΢΢һչһЦ˵ͷҲáһҾͲСĸˣ˵ոս磬ΪһʥҪչʵԣҲʡ
ʮɵһЦЩ⡣ٲȻûϵôͬʵ顣
壬һʱСĽǧİ壬ȷܹɹؽںϵСǧ󣬽ǧ󡣡
֮ҾͻǰڣΪһ
ʮžƺعһڣֿٺһЦ
ˡ
׹˹֣Сĸл㡣
ʮЦԽˣ¶һڱ־ԵĽ
Ȼϻȥʱһظġ
ŵһ㣬ԷġֻеźǣĿǰľΪҲܹ޸ǰ㡣
Ҫ޸ߵŲ㣬Ҫҳɹ𾳽磬ո߽׵ķ֮ϣ
΢΢̾Ϣ
ǰҲҪȫݴڹ֮У츣ŵӡ׿һ
ʵܹ˶̵ʱڣǰ޸ãѾϲˣ޷ࡣ
˵ֻҪʳɹ𾳽磬ܹ޸ߵŲ㣬ײɵһһͷ
ĹɵˣȫϵһôΪ棬ء
֣׼˵͵һ֣նɵ̬ȡ
΢΢һЦֻù
ȻˣҾȥСĸ֮ͻ뿪¸ɾ䣬ˮ
ʮȫ΢΢ͷ
㡣
ʮ
ಣಣ
ܿ죬ʮӰʹӰ˽ͤзӶ𣬲һ˹㳡֮ϡ
㳡ԾУ֮ǰͬǣ׵Ӱеʱÿһ˶ֵóϻ̳Ͽ֣Ҫ๧ж๧
ݵ΢ˣǵʹͷֱ׵۾
Сġ
ڳһˣǵߵСĵǰСĵԴҪ̷ˣһΣܲ㣡
ҪҪһȥ
СһˣֱӴ̴ľһקס׵½ǣ·һ׾ͻһ
ҴȥأϾչ˵㡣⣬ոս磬Ҫʵչ⣬ҪڵСǧǧ󣬸Ĵûкô
ĦСķ㾫µӣ
СĳĬˡóЩûһСŮһԵҪߡ
ɹڵСǧ󣬽ǧ֮Ҿͻ㣬𣿡
ǣСĵ֣ο
ãһΪ
СĶʱǰһţɫٿȻһ䣬Ҳڵʱɲ׼һСزܣˣòѾߣҪǱҷҷ֮󣬾Բ˶ߣ


1998 
ײɵɫһ䣬зࡣ
û뵽СľȻСزελأ
ϣ߰ɡ
׸ɿһתͷʮ
ʮ⣬ᲽһͬؾĳڷӶȥ
ʱ˿̣ЩмʵĽˡ
׻˵Ůһ̨Ϸ
֮ǰССزμ棬ֵòɿ׷ǳͷۡ
Ҫټ棬Ʊһʱױм䣬ˡ
ָ磬һ˵Ҫ£ˣ
С׷ɿȥıӰ룬ƽ׵Ӱӡ۾УҲβ
ȵ׵Ӱʧ֮УСĵĵȻӿһ˿Ȼʧĸо
ؾгʮٻս
ǡ
Ŵ򿪡
ʮţԳΧϯȥ
ڲ
ʮžƣ֪䣬оյطɳ
壬ౣء
ʮȥ׻˻֣Һܿͻȥڣʱۣ
һЦŻʮ˻֣ȥɣ
ʮֻ̤֮˷ڵ;С
ҵİѪɫոս磬ҪͲǸˡ
һһӣһһǹٻ˳
һǹһ벽ֵʱ״ʨֵնսƷ֮һ
һǹ˵ЩߣҲһֱûͳȥ׾һֱš
׽һǹٻΪģֻҪһǹΪԼĽͨ߰ˡ
ʿ֪ð벽ġһǹУֻһõĽͨߣ֪θ롣
ߣ
׵ͺһӿһɰԪԹһǹ֮Уһ̣׾ʩչǹһ壬˲仯Ϊһ⣬ವһԶϯȥ
ת֮䣬ѾСʱ䣬СʱУһ߻Уһ߰дĦšʮ顷еġ־
һãһ߸·һûе
־һԵķǰǰĦ˺ܾãһֱûе衣
ڸ·ڼ䣬ҲԺУڲӿһ˿崺磬°빦
һգȻ׽Ųһ٣һ͵شһɽɽۣϵһһǹʯ֮Сĺϯвһ붨ɮ
־ķ壬ԭô£
˫дʡ
һʱ䣬ڵԪϯûһɫĹ׵Ϸ
ȥؿɫı棬ں˴Ĺģɢ˸˸⡣
΢΢˫еĽɫϸֳһĨϲ֮ɫ
ˣ
˷ܵ촽͵һɫԼϡ
ࣵһɫһ׵壬˲䱬˿ûһɫĻ֣
ҹħ
׳ſԼϵİҹħһҵĻ֣Ҫ⻤ܹʲôĹơ
ԣſ׼ϵİҹħ̧ͷһףȻһӣһƣſȥ
ڣһ΢ĺ
ײɵϢһϣֺֺЦضżϵİҹħЩ
һ
ҡͷ֮£ֻΪ־
ϣ
׵ͺһٿһǹԼ
һһǹصײڻϣһΪƵĽĽ
̶ֳȵĹӦѾﵽѰʥߵļˣ
Ҳ˵ҵ־ûɵĻֵ֣ܹʥߵȫһ
ǰһԼղʩչƣɵдϲ
Ҫ֪ףȻѾ־ķ壬ǣֻһ˿Ƥëˡ
㲻Ͼͨ
ڣ춼㲻ϡ
ԤϵǣֻҪڼϰô־ûĻ֣ƱؽӼͣ
ҼһЩʥֲӵеܽȥԿֵܷ
һˣһ˿ܣӳֵһǹ֮ϣţ߶һǹԼĻ
䡭
ֻһı־ûĻ֣֧Ƭ̣͵һӦ˿
ϯײ㲻ƾǿеϮ
촽׵ϲɵøֳһĨЦĿǰյ־Ҳܹûֵʥ߸ֵĻ֡ʥ֣Ͳˡ


1999 
Ŀǰ˵ּĻ֣ûʲô̫塣
Ҫ֪ǣ벽ʥ
ױ״̬ô׵Ʒʣӿֲ
յ־ҲܹʥߵĶսóǣʥ׵ǰһֻһС
ֻҪԸ⣬һָͷܹûбҪʩչ־

־׵ģ
ĸá
ѧ־սУܹʩչ־ս
һ㣬׵սḻԡ
Ǻǣô˵ܹɹ־⣬Ѿǳѵˣ˵һСջ񡣡
ֻǽҪڼϰУȡ־Ϊҵһŵơ
ԪվҪ·
𡭡
ʱԶһɽϿգȻһХһӾͽ׵עȫ˹ȥ
ţ
׶ȥһ̣ɵǰһеģǰѪ
Ѫ׵ѪɫһǶֻǣ׵ѪɫǣѪϣϣҪ׵Ѫɫ˺ܴһء֮䣬֮𣬸һεĴڡ
Ѫ
üͷһЩЩ档ʩչѰۣϸȥ
׻˵֪һһ
״ʱ˿̵飬ٺʲˡ
еİѪȻ񿥳̶ȣƸߵͣ׵ѪɫҪԶ
ǣѪ󣬾ȻһӴĻƽ
ƽ׵ĻƽҪҪţ䣡ƽͨ屦ƣ䣬Ȼ׵ɽͷԶһ۾ͱ۵Ľˡ
ʲôǰѪĻƽ
ҵĻƽһޣ
ĿԶеĻƽһʱ侹ǴԭأЩ޴ˡ
ûϵȻһ֮أڶƽ
˵ûʲôϲĸооЩš
˭ȻһһģһĻƽ
Щ죬ƽϵʿ˵ƽǶһ޶ġ
ƽʱûûƽװҫ
񣬾ȻһһһģһĻƽܲζֱĸо
ģûƽװƵˣֻӣȻҪԼƽƽ
ƺǸܵ׵ߣƽϵһͦε꣬һ߲磬ģΣ΢΢ĿбһۣŵͺһƽʱڰѪ£ɿ쳯׵ɽͷϯ
һʱ䣬ƽɽϿա
ƽϵ꣬ӸµؿףһƣмʵСӣǺˣٱ
׿һۻƽʮ꣬мƲƲ죬ûд𻰡
ϢжϣǰһֻԪ쾳磬һʥߡ
ּʿУͺȮֵһᡣ
СӣŽ㻰ȻװǲǴ
Ĭףƽϵŭһһɳɱϯ졣
׾ǣͦηε꣬ȻԳǡŽ塱
ʲôŽ壿
΢΢һܵسʣһؿƽϵꡣ
׾ģƽϵʱһЦԦŻƽ䵽ɽۣǿӻƽ˫֣һӸµģбףеʶȻ˵ŽšǺǣԴڳ̨ڲһʶ֮컯ɾе齫ҵĴڿഫѾ˲֪˲ˡ
΢΢°ͣһģԼǴ˵еŽһ
ЩЦõؿǰ꣬ҡҡͷ
û뵽ԼȻڻĽҰ⣬һðԼļһ
ðƻϷԵһĻ
û뵽ҵѾôˡȻ˿ðѰԽСڣŪһһģһĻƽΪƭˣɷѿİ
װ
̧ͷһƽİѪ
Ȼǰ꣬дһЦǣһΪģԼŪһƽҲһְҵµƭˣ
ѰʿǿһһģһĻƽͶŵð˾Ųʮˡ
û취ѪǸ߽壬ʮϡ٣лצҪϡ١
ܹѪˣҲֻŽһˡ
ϸİѪʱһ۾ͿеĶߣ
ͲǴ˵еѪ
ҪʩչܹһѰۣܹʵݣ
ʲôѪ
ֻΪͶ˵ĺ


2000 ײǹ
ѰʿֻڹżпѪļأʵУδѪ
ǣ׳껿ѪѪɫֱ̫Ϥˡ
һ۾ͱϳ١
ȻоûһڴİϷ̧ͷЦе꣬ǿһھŪݵС
ǺǣȻѾϳҵʵݣضҵʵҲӦ֪һɣ
ǿ׳죬һԶ׵ģ
ЦŽ˭ʶǿԪͻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣǰ޹˺ߣ
ã
ͷһЦȻҲ֪ҵĵϸˣҾͳ촰˵ˡɤӣЦҲ֪ҿǻǫ́Ͽɵ֮ӣ컯ɾܹһϸµʥָϢжϣֻһʥУֵһᡣ
˵һȫԶ׵ģ
ʼ΢ЦţԲ
ЩУûдʩչƭģ˿ɤӣҽãҪɱ䡣ԣˣסһ
ΪҪǹ͸ңԴлҵĲɱ֮
ʮ㣬һ˵
䣬׾һЦ
ģʵ̲סˣ
̫Цˣ
һðԼҲͰˣȻһͼƭеһǹ
棡ɣ
Ҫ֪еһǹð벽ѰĺĵӣҲδܹõһ
ЦƭӣһſڣҪ׽һǹã
ֱ쿪
СӣЦʲôĪǻòͷˣ
꿴ЦģʱЩз顣±׸Լĵϸ
ʶݣôһԪʿûлսʤһʥģ
ϾÿһʿһܹԽɱУ
ڶݵĻҹͰһǳףԼֵȻһЩ
ò˵ƭӾǸ֣
ȻҪҵһǹȥˣҲûʲôá
Ҫ꣬û˵ͽһǹݸ꣬һ벽һǹҲûеѪȥֱӿá
һӣͽһǹꡣ
ûϵ˵ˬ졣ܹһǹæҵؽ˹׵дһ˿ɡ
׼˵ǣ׼ͨһ׹Թһǹ
ûϵ׾Ȼ˵ͽһǹֶһһ⣡
ͷ鿴һеһǹűǹȸУвɵһϲ
ûдһǹɢһ벽
̫ˬˣ
û뵽гһգܹƾƭõһ벽ӷˣ׷ˣ
пϲԾ
ϣȻһž޲ģ׵񣬶ʱһ˿⡣
СӣʲôͷȻһ֣ͽһ벽͸ҡһҲۡ벽оһ޼ֵ
ͷԲС˵ϻб
У壬ûˣµɵӺܶ࣬ôƭֶĿɲࡣҿɲܹǧѷĻᣡ
һˣɫʱø˼֣ɤӣǺǣСӣʶࡣνʶʱΪܣһˣʱơ
΢΢Цţһǫѷģ
˵ɣϻʲôó˽أ
껰һת̴ʵҪǱҷ˽ͱ˺գͶռѷȥ
ȻˣֻҪԹϣԼıٻҾѡĵرһģ㼸
ĵ
Ŷ
üͷһû뵽ЦƭӣθڻСõһ벽Ȼ㣬Ҫ׸ϴһղŰݡ
ʼ򣬺Ȼû˶Ū¡෴׵ĵӿֳһĨɱ⡣
һðɹƭǳңֱϧ
˺գ
Цһòмꡣ
ҿǻа۴е֮ӣȻܹ˺գСӣٷϻϽ˵ȻĻһʧȥģɾֻ·һˡ
һͷģϵشߴףȴ˿ûҪ֤Լ˼
ͣ
ʱ׺Ȼһӣһεķ֮ϯֱӽǰ˺ѳһʮĿռѷ졣
޾Ŀռ֮ǿ˳ӿһɿֲӿռѷϯϹ޵Ѫڣ


2001 ʢ
ͻıʣ곹סˡ
״صɴͫףǿһһף촽ãδ˵һĻ
㣬㡭곹ˡ
ΪֻһµԩͷѣɶȻûϵ׾ȻܹھͶ֮䣬˺գ
㲻˵Ҫ˺ǡãҲᡣ
״˴֣ЦЦض꣬Ҫдд裿
͵һ飬Ǳ˸ͷһˮ
Ҫ
㾿ǺηʥΪʲôܹһ˺գ
ɫٿȻ䣬˾˵ı֮£̩ɽǰ治ɫĸ߼ƭӣҲǲɵš
׸ûشʻǵ˲Զİ
ûв´ӦþĻƽ˰ɣ
ĻƽݣЦеѯʡ

㿴ûУҵĻƽɰѪɫģݹ컯ɾҲֻŽ壬ӵǣܹô˵еѪɫҳ䵱
ǿ򶨣Ҵʱ򣬵Ѿûǰôˡ
Ѫ
ЦһҡҡͷΪʲôǰأ
졭
˹Ϸ꣬ɵɫһ죬ȻϣǹªţȻѪʶˣˡϾÿһʿŽһʶġ
ٿȻ䣬껰һתĵ׷ʵСӣ㾿ʲôˣΪʲôܹһڻ֮˺գ
΢΢һЦżش׷ʣֱֱĵ׷ëŹһЦ˭
һ㶡
ݹ컯ɾɹа۴е˶ֻд˵еŽһˣ
ҲֻŽ壬ܹھͶ֮䣬˺գ
֮⣬Ǵ˵еĲ𾳽磬Ҳ޷˺ա
㣬Īǡ
һˣɵĵ׷˫ȷܣ㲻ܻǸˡƴҷ񶨣ǰˣǴ˵еŽ塣
˵˭
һƣٿػһת̰Ľ٣ɹƭĶ˭ĵӡðүү
䡭
Դһըһ
ûϵԼðƻȻڻĽҰ⣬
Ҫ֪컯ɾԱУҪãã˺ѰһزʶˣϣΪã
ڣͲҵײǹϡ
ʲô
㡭Ž壿
꾪״ҵضף·ռ
׵ȻһЦҲشʣһӣʱѪɫĹӰϯ
𡭡
̼䣬һǧɳѪƾճɽ֮ϣÿһѪ̺һʥеƣһͽһѹ£ֱӽѹڵأ˻
ڰѪɫǰİǴµһ
ءһڿѪɫĵһʱ䣬ϥһͨһڵأͷϿʼŴŵĺ
ʱ˿̣׵ݣѾŲˡ
ײܹھͶ֮˺գٻ˰ٰѪɫǧǧ磬Ҳֻ׵ʵ
ǰҴˡĲǹҪðɹƭٻֻ̫ˣЩ鲻Խ
ŵȫǰһֱҵżҵĿУһ£
ϣ㿴ҶһƬ֮ĵķϣҵһƨ˰գ
˵ţ飬ԴĵѪ罦
֮ǰǸߺָֻŵļһһת֮䣬ͱһڵصɥ֮Ȯ֮ǰҫƣ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǳ΢
׵ȻЦɫζشǰ꣬ȴǶĻΪм
ΪݣԲŹðɹƭ
Ҳ֪һ׵ͷ˶ٻ£˶ٳҡ
ǲֻ״ԽԽ鷳
𡭡
ȻѪɫ£һǿζһڵصİ
ء
ΪѪȲбһĻ֮С
׵İѪɫб¾˰ؽ˺飬һ
ת֮䣬ԭΪİѾΪѪɫĸʳ
ҵѪɫ
໺һһ̲һ̱ڵأˮֹסӿ
Сӣѵǻ㲻ĽԼ˰ɣ
Ϊͽ׵ĺҪ˵ʲôʱ򣿡
Щͬź޵ꡣ
˵߼ƭԼƭΨˣŲ¶
ƭΪ죬˵ѾԼ״ߣǱʶѾԼףİҲȻرΪѪɫ


2002 ǿ׳
Ϊ֮һʱȻʧɫ
˵ûܶʱĻС
Դαһƽ֮Ѿɹƭ˲ʿÿһ˵ŽˣϹϾֺڣĸԸؽΪ˽ط׸
ʱ䳤ˣǱʶУѾԼףѾٵж԰Ρ
վûδġ
ģ±ˣƣҲվٵġΨԼǽ̤ʵأġ
ǺǣҵһǹѾ͸ˣΪβѪĪǿҵһǹ
һڵص꣬Ц
͵һ¡
æҵؽһǹ֮Уػشǰ۲ʶ̩ɽðֻҪԸһ·ʲôСǸʺţҲɡ
ǺЦˣţ𣿡
ײͷذ˰֣һӶ
ǰҿԽȫȫ׸㣬ھٻԼı磬ĵرξߢ
æ
ûȤ
ƲƲ졣
ЦңǺĺĳ϶Ҫߣ˵ǸɵйһҲ֣ôϡ˽أ
ҡопģȻһֲԤС
أ
ûһ仰˵꣬һͲƫеػţصɴ˫һΣֱӽӲ̱ڵءƬ̼䣬û
һһӣͽѪɫ˱Сţ߶һǹûһ⣬ɿسԶϯȥ
ССĲûӰ׵飬ڳɹˡ־ķ֮ѾȲҪصˡ
ת֮䣬Сʱȥˡ
һգڵϿգȻһӰһ·ֱ룬ֱӷɵڵĻʹϿա
󵨣ηʥȻڵϿշУ
ٹܷȻĻҿҪˣ
ػڻʹǰĻӳͺһҪ׽ס
Ȼһ̣׵ģʱɵɫ䣬ϲѡ
ˣ
̫ˣڻˣ
֪ͨȥټĳϣˣҪʢӷϴ
ӳԸһһ£׵ǰ
ݼ
ӭ飡
һڻ
΢΢ͷЦ𣿡
ڲ֮ǰյһ룬ǰһڵؾҪˣһʱ»ز
ӳ
ȥһڵؾҪ£
΢΢ͷû뵽īջڲãͱСزȥˡ
ĳϣɷڣ
ʵ
ϼͻפ֮⣬ĳ϶֮Сӳʵ
ãȻˣͲټˣԶһһݷøĳϡôûлҿǿڲ췭ظı仯

ǡ
ӳ

ʱԶʣһ׳˶ӰԷӶһ뻷Ĵçӡѭȥɵ΢΢һЦ
˲ˣڵϯϡ
Ϊţ׵ĺð֡
ڻˣ
뿪Щǿǽλˣ
һ͸һܱЦһЦ
Цеʵļ͵ģЩδѾٳ߸ͷһɹˣҪ˶ãܹΪһʥ۷徳ĸ֣
õ׵Ŀ佱ǺĴӼһţЦ
㲻ʲôǰҵľΪٸߣѾ۷壬ҲԲĶ֡
źۼ׵ƨ
׷ǳõһЦû뵽ЩΪƨĹҲ˳Ľ
ţ
Ȼɴͫףһֲ˼ףǷ´½һѾ˳ͻƿΪʥˣ
޵Ϣ֮䣬ŻȻѾΪʥ֡
׵ȻһЦ
̫ˣԪ磬ܹǫ́Ͽɣʥ֣Ϊʥͬʥ֣û㿹ˣ
ٶȣ̾Ϊֹ
ϵؿף׵ƨ
Щڵķչ״Σ΢΢һЦʵ
Ϊڵϯϣī벻ڵʱһ֣ŵȻȻء


2003 ʥ
Щչ䶼ڴбẉ̂ڼͶ벻ٵÿһλϣؾְؽŸԲפء㿴ڵĸ䣬ոճʱ򣬿𣡡
ָԶӲĽȺӴΡΰ
׷ȥɵһЦ
׶ڵĴʮֵǡû뵽ЩڲûܵϮңչԽԽкˡ
ˣɷ֪ɽȵںδ
ѯʵ
ɽȣڻԵɺ֮շһóֲա
Ŷϱߣţɽĳʯפ಻Զ
ЦеָϷ
ѭȥһټɽȣԭߵУɽȵˣɽϷһ㡣
Ǹõط
׵ͷһЦ
ߣȥڰɭһ⡣
׵
ã
׵ңԳźڰɭֵķӶȥ
ڰɭУһڣǧɾĲСһڣǧɾ
һһ壬峤Ǽ̳֮ĵӨ
Ҽǵǧ벻пɶԪĸ֣ЩҲ֪ûг
һᡣ
֪ϵ츳ѪͬѰϲУ츳Ϊ֮ǰһ·߸ͽɹͻԪƿҳɹɽ٣Ϊһʥ֣
ﲻݣһſڣΪ֮𾪡
ʲô
˵ϲУѾΪһʥˣ
־ϲʱƶЦã̫ˣΪɾ츳ѪȻٿ˷ᣬҪϣ
û뵽뿪ڵЩУϲѾһʥߣҡһ䣬Ϊһʥ֣
ӽֶһʥ
׷ĵο
ǧ״Σ
׽ʵ
֪ǧ벻еľΪ޼ǧ츳ѪҪ˲һҪгԽġֻǣ𲻶ǧϣǰԲܹΪϣֻܹΪϡ
Դˣǧ⣬񣬵Ҳں˭ݸ˭ĵλΪڡ
ǧҲǰڱչгɹżǱֻʱ죬ȫ磬ӭٵĽ٣
ͽǧ򵥵ظ׽һ
Ŷ
ǧҲҪ׼ɽ𣿡
üͷһԽϲ֡
˲֮⣬ǧҲҪɽˣܹɹô̶̼УھͶλʥ֣Ʊؽڵʵ
̸֮䣬Ȼ˺ڰɭ֣һȣڵڻһݵϳӭӣ
ݼ
ϣ
һ˳ǰ׹񡣽ţһ̧ͷϣڸڵڣ˵֮󣬶ϾҪȫ硣ʱ䣬һֱŶϣ粽롣
Ŷ
ȻͷֽԶڵĻ˹һ
ȥƬ̼䣬Ӱʧ١
ɷ֪ӨΣ
ЦеؿӨͳһ壬ǺڰɭֵĵϧǣŮɥ̳Ů֮λˡӨΪȽϵͣŵӰǸ˵жǵ׵Ĵڡ
Ȼˣһ徫ͨȻ֮һǳ壬ֻҪӨɳһҲɿ׳
Ө𣿡
εͷӦǸӨҲ˽⡣ʵϣԴ֮Өһֱڱչ֮УһֱûгأֻûԣҶ˽⡣
˼ص˵ͷ
аݼ
ǧˣ
ܿ죬ǧˣʹڵڲӶ䣬׵ǰһϯض򣬸
ɢʶڲǧһɨ
Уܹ˶ݵļУΪһʥҴ⡣ģҿ϶㣡
ڣҲᲦĿ֧ԮڵĽ衣
һЦӲеϢжϣȷѾһʥˡ
Я࣬¸м
й׵ǰо׾Ǵһһ˵λƣѹͷЩ
ܵ׵Ϣʱ˲סˡ
ҲΪʥˣ
̫ˣʥݣʥҪǧ򱶣
ƣʮУΡʱüɫؿס߾ȫֺס
ֱۡ


2004 
ƨĹֵçζûа취벻Ტ۵ġ
ϲϲ
ǿ֪ÿһ󾳽磬ܹһΪڵطɷǿ۽磿
ǧһ
ҲĿضףһȲģ
΢΢һЦܵлᣬһǴ۸ġ
Ϊһ֮ûʲôӣζµʲôҪ󶼵㡣
еʱ򣬱һľ룬άƽϣǺбҪġ
ԣǧˣȫΪźһۣ΢΢̾Ϣ
ϣ˵ѾоżվҪ磬Ƿ棿
Ŀһת۽ǧϡ

ǧ΢΢һЦͷֻǣҶʥٵİղ󡣡
Ŷ
üͷһ˼Ƭ̣Цģһһ֮ġҪʲô鵤ֱӸҿڣһᾡܵ㡣ڶɽ֮ǰҪ׼㣡
л£
ǧһЦϣŲõЦݡ
̫ˣæ϶ɽٳɹָտɴ
иһ
ǧ벻ˣͬ㣬ǧѣҲż
ǣһֱڸޣ޷ǧȼü֮
ںˣװæǧɽٵİվʹöˡ
ˣһΣӨʲôΪ
׹ʵ
һԴһŮ֮󣬾Ԫˣڲǿһսʮޡ
⣬ӨεŮȻ̳֮ģǣ̫ͣһʱѴһչ
Өһֱڱչ֮УǰӨѾ˵ܿҪˣҲ֪Ǽ١
ǧ
Ŷ΢΢ͷ
û뵽ǧӨ˽⡣Ҫ֪ǧһΪĵġ
һһٰʢ磬Ƕ뵽
һ
ǡ

ǧæ
ߣȥţɽ
׵
á˵ͷ
£˾ڿն𣬾Էţɽķ򣬲ǧվԭأĿ뿪ȵӰʧ֮󣬲Ŀ⣬ţ׼μᡣ
ĳʯٶȣҲǷǳˡıΪ۴ɽףǱޡЩǱĿޣѾɹԪ쾳硣
ȻֻԪ죬սȴԪڵʥ߻Ҫ
ʯ
Ŷ
׵ͷһЦΪ⡣
˵ڵĸϣ׶ʯڴҲϲʯҵļһ
⣬ʯս뷽ʽĳ̶ֳ˵żƣʯܹû۱ɱ׵ıսһޣҲ׿ʯԵʡ
ȻˣΪжǣʯʱһƬ֮ģڰ֮󣬾ı۽סҲζţӽĲڣһ˿һ֮ģȫһ֮ݻۣʯ׹޾Ԩ
˵ĳһһ㲻òᣬǾڹˣǳǿûߣҲܹͬʥгưԡ
΢΢һЦ˵տ֣޼᲻ݡн۱ףޱȡ
⣬һΪս裬绢

ʯСӣʲôʱ򽵷һ
΢΢Ծ
ε֣ƤƻǿΪս裬䵱ܣǹᣬΪڡ
ͷһЦҲ֪һĶ˵ǡɷһѵѡǱ£˳͵һöȴĵһ·׷ɱҺãӹһ١ĵѾüˣʮɳʮɸߡȻսǿպ󾳽ƱؽΪһԱ
Ŀ࣬û뵽һȻڻԵɺ֮͵һöĽ
Сӣ˹ʺˣ
һЦ
ĳܹ˳͵ܹǸԵĽĽ
ЦĵΪʯеˣֻǣʿ˵ĳģңǺѧͽЦ
ģң
һγԣ
밡ʯսʱ򣬻û۱ףϽ۱׼ΪơаѪɫΪս裬ʯҲһΪƵʵ̫ˡ
ԾȤЦǺǵ


2005 ģ
ϸһ룬ȷôһ¡˵׵ǲ̫ںʯǷڿģ⡣
ʵһ˵ʱ򣬾ͻ鲻Խģ
Ŀţģ£ҲǼΪ顣
Ȼˣ׵ĵ߽ģ£ð䡣
˹ðԼҴԼŸһЩɹƭ飬׾ͲӲܣ෴ʹɱ֣öԷ׷Ī
Ϊģ
һƣʵ
ҾĳϷںѧ
ûһ˿һԥֱ˵Ľ۱Ͻ۱ףֱһһأһεĴڡĵѪɫǲ˲ֹһȻıΪ۴ɽף츳ѪҲǳڣŽһЦ
˵ŬҲӵʮ֮һ
üɫ˵
ò˵ƨĹȷʵܴ
΢΢һЦ
˵ûҲȫԡ
ʯĽ۱ףȷ׵Ͻ۱мƣǣ˵Ͻ۱ףѾԼ̭ˣֻ̬׵Ķױ״̬£Ѿӵױ̬Ͻ۱ҲԭеĻϷ˺ܴɱ䡣
˵ʯҪģףƺҲѸ׵ĽŲ
Ȼˣһײû˵С֡
ˣ˵ģ£ҵһȤ¡
Ц
ʲôȤ£һԻĿЦ
ڷص;УһһðңԦһһģһĻƽаֻҵĻƽͬǣǵ͵ȵĺҵǸ߹Ѫɫ
΢΢һЦ
ðӴʲôС
׷ʵǽأ
һƣȤǣһﲻðңһҵңΪ˶⽫һǹ͸˭˾ȻĲҪϴһղſϰݡ֮£ֻʹɱ֣ðҿɹƭļһ¶ֻ֮С
һҲ湻ùġôҲûϵɣ
һΪģƽҲǺķ˲ٵѪ
һЦ֮䣬ֻǽð׵ˣһЦϡȴĮġ
˵֮䣬͵ִţɽ
ʱţɽɽһĹ㳡ϣʿŽؼʮֻ𱬡
Ⱥ룬һͿԿһ꣬һտɫķƺʩչһ־׵ĽΧ֮ڣûһ˵ҿ
һ·ɶư磬ܿʿע
ǿ쿴ˣ
̫ˣˣ
ݼ
ʱ㳡ϵˣ׷׳ŴϹ񣬽ţ׵ǰϯضйݴ
񣡡
΢΢һЦ˰֡
õ׵׿ϣ˷ʩʩȻվȻʥۻϢʱȺ˽۷׷ס
ÿһʿϣȫϲЦݣΪ׵ĽеԵĸˡ
ԽǿڲԽǿµӲܹӰġ
ʯ
ʯһУ첽׵ǰ
Цеؿʯ죬Ҫ˵ȻһƤ˶Ĥ΢΢תͷܹ̾һƤɰС׵ǻᷢһε˷ܡ
СȰݼϲΪʥ֣
ʯСЦǷ
ʯСʯãʯ컼빲׶崿ȴʮҹҵŮӡ
ʱʯСȺĽЦ˵Ҳÿࡣ
ʲôʱģʧԶӭˡ
ʯˬһЦס
׵ջôţɽΣ
ţɽˣѾչǧˣѪ䡣˼սвСջ񡣡
ʯһԺ
Цŵ˵ͷ̧ͷŹ㳡һˣɵðͷޡ
ˣĳϡ˵㽵һд£
ʲô˵
ǵġ
ʯ쵱һӣֱӽһʮ׳ʮ׸ߵĵٻ˳
һ㣬ȫҺɫźʵ͵ۼףһЩ롣
ȻˣԱҲǧٹ֣ʲô̬ʲôģСȻǴ壬ȴĵȷȷ֡
𡭡
һͷ˻һţһīӣʮɨڳһ˵ȡ
עӵ׵ʱٿһܵӣͷǼһַǳµС
񿥵ĵƺһس֮󣬶Ϊһͷǳǿս裡
΢΢һЦ֪Լġ˵һεѹ


2006 
׵ĿޣʯٺЦͷ
ʯĿУײһĵżƴ׷Ŀꡣ
ܹõżĿޣʯ˵һֵø˵顣
𡭡
ٿأ׵ڣɳ˰Ѫɫı⣬һ̣˵ľУǧɳѪɫƾճ˵ͷϿա
ÿһѪɫɢһǵѹ̩ɽѹһ˴Ϣܡ
ÿֲѹѪɫҲΪˣ
ӵаѪɫΪս裬Ƕôֲһ飿ѪɫԺɨˡ
֮£峤ĵǺ㣬޷ѪɫᲢۣ
˸ܵѪɫѹھ֮࣬ɵð۷׷ס
˵ʱʱ죬ʵֻǵָһ˲䣬Ѫɫȿֺط˶£Գŵɱ
ͻһĻʯʧɫܵҪǰֻȻΪֱѪɫֻ·һʱһ̼תͷס
ס֣
׵ͺһɫŭ
һڣѪɫ˲ͣӣһڵϿգߵضŵƺǽζȣҪһ١
ĵûҫãͲΪѪɫĿʳŵڵأֹסɪɪ
Ͼֻһε֣צѪɫûսοѪɫӵ磬һ׾Խδĵɱ
Ǻ֣´οɲ׼ΣҪҵͬС
ѵһһӣһεϯֱӽѪɫԼıС
ѪɫѰʿУǸ߸ϵޣɱҿ׵ǰȴ˳һֻֻСè䡣
˼֮ǰѪɫι˰ǿǳˬˡһĵͱܵΪҸ׼ĿԾȲ׼һ٣һᣡ
ԴǸ˵
û£û£
ʯĻ궼ŵˣϣȴŲõЦݣҶŭ
Ȼǵͽ׵֣Ϊ壬ûģ׺̶ȣԶʿȻɿιѪ
ʯСٿ׵񣬾ǿһһ˳֮ɫ
ѰʿǴ򲻹͸ϽǴùҲᾡΪԼս衣
׽˺ȻؽΪѪĿ
ʵ̫ˡ
ĳϣ㲻֪ڹ;УһðļһǸ۵ļһ˰һһģһĻƽðЦǣһȻͼŽŻӶϴϵĲƱ
ЦŷոȤ¡
ŶģͼԴŻ
ðƻϷԵһĻ
ʯ졢ʯСڳһˣȫע
ӲɱҲΪѪĸʳЦ
ڳ˷׷ϲЦտоȤ
Ψʯ쾪һ亹
˲֪Լȴ֪ԭǴ㵱֮󣬾һõһҲʿˡңԼżҲһͬ㡣
ڣɫˡ
Ȼ׵ǽɫģôðɫġһܹԼѷһĵλ׸еִңҲٻʱ㹻磬Ӷܹ۵Ŀ⡣
ڿƺǳǡ
׵̬ƺǳģҪȻҲֱɱðֿɹƭļһ
֮ķշǳߡ
ʯһ̴һͷ
һڵ֮ϣһʿˣ
ʯ찵
ĳϣܿҾͻٰʢ磬ԸЩһܽᣬͲʩʱʯСȶμӡǰ֪ͨһҲи׼
΢΢һЦһ䡣
ǣٰʢ磬Ȼǰϵ
Ҫ׼һĲõ͸
ʯʯСȷ׷״Ӧ
ߣȥ򡣡
һǷӶ
á׵ԡ

ߣ
㳡ϣڶ˷׷׻֣׸
΢ḧһ·ӣܿͿԶһƬɫĺ峤ϰȱͳİһϢˡ
һ壬Ȼսǿʣòףܹ̺飬ܹϵΪŴƸ
ڰһ壬Ϊصġ


2007 ĸˮ
һʱ䣬ͷɵϿա
Щ峤ϰȱϽ壬˴顣ƷԽԽã˵һ˿ڣҲ
峤ϲ֮࣬ÿϽŵĹ
Ц
Ŷ
üͷһû뵽ȱȻϽɵĹ
ͨ˵ÿһĳϣͲüÿϽɵĹû˵Լ˰ġ
һԿһ׵ͳ֮£÷ǳ󣬶ףڣҲǳ˸м֮顣
һ壬ȱս츳ȴһѺ֡һ壬˵һأܹԴԴϵزԴ
⣬׸оοǣһ˿ڲϵҲڲ׳
Ҫ֪һʣ޶ĿƳˮܽء֮ǰеİһڱʱÿ꣬ҪһŮΪŮūڰһһǳ˺
׵ȡԼһչ˶ҲԽԽҳϣԽԽм
ĺϣŮںˮ֣һŮˮ棬ɵþһ㷭һˮˮס
ܿ죬ϾͳһӴУʮӰϯ
ͷһˣȻǶׯ峤ϰȱ
ڰȱŮòףʳڣö˵Ůǰȱǧε¡λҲ׵Ѿߡ
ȱݼ
εμ
¸ˣ
λ밲ˣ
һףŲõЦݣ
УελãзŹ⣬һֱضףг˰Թ·׶ʲôݵ顣
񣡡
΢΢һЦĿڰȱ΢΢һɨЩʧ
ڰһ˳׵ʱ򣬰ȱѾԪ쾳ʥˡ겻ȻֹԪ쾳磬˿ûг
ĳϣΪ˺ܴĳ֮£ȱҪѷɫˡ
һ츳ѪϡƽȱȻΪ峤ٶҲ죬ԴˣҲܹǿ
Ŷ
ȻǰһԿελãõľ綼Ԫ쾳磬ɵΪ֮Ȼ
Ҫ֪ελãҲֻεԪ쾳硣λֻԪһ쾳ѡ
û뵽δһŮȻԪ쾳硣
ελҹĿ࿴̶̵ʮʱڣͳɹԪ쾳磬ҷǳο
ͣ
׳ελ֡
õ׵ĿޣελãɵһЦǻϲ
׵ĺ£þֻɵ׵ǰȴ׵͡
ţÿ˶зݣ
һֱͳƿÿһƿУעȪ
ȪԪʥ˵ʥ
Ȫ츳ƽӹʥߣҲܹɿϵͻһһС硣
ѽȪ
ȪȪǵٶƱؽٳ߸ͷһ
ʵ̫ˣ
ελֱ׵нӹһƿšƿһŨ˲ӿڱǣҡҷ׵Ҳһ˿հ
ȱЦеվһԣԼŮʮο
ԭȣȱԼŮ׸ף׵Ѿߵʱ򣬰ȱ˺ܴľģҲð˺ܴķյġ
Ϊпײ۰ŮֻǽŮ֮󣬾Ͷһԡ
ǰȱԸ顣
׶ελ÷ǳ󷽣ʹͣŰһڵĵλҲˮǴߡ
ðȱǳˡ
Ȼˣܲȱ֪ԣελһֱûõ׵ĳ谮
ελΪ׶Ȼˣȱĸ׵ģҲһĲ
󣬰ȱ˼֮󣬾һֱԪιԼŮ
һελľΪܹɿ
ҲֻελľΪˣպŸϣ׵ԣܵ׵ĳ谮
ò˵ȱΪԼŮǲġ
Ŭõ˷Ļر
Ȼ˵ЩȱΪ˴ԪԵʣΪʼֹǰڣˣܹελΪõ׵Ĺעȱ͸оһжֵˡ


2008 Եĳŵ
л񰮣ε㴷
磡
εԸյ֮Цسһ״һ磬ʱʱ§һ£һЦ
ҸȰɡ
λȽ󣬿ε¶ǰףԾҲҪЩʲôֺײǣһʱ벻ʲô˵һȡ
Ȼ󣬾˴͵ĿУλƣ׵ǰӣҪỬС֣ȡ
Ŀ֮£λС־Ȼֱ׵ĴȥЩΣһ֣λĦ絶һµݣЦ飬ôܵأ
λ΢΢һӦ֮󣬶ʱЩӣһŰƴСǵͨ죬ҪγѪ
Сʤ»飡λǵȲҪ̡ˣ
ǸçشЦ
εҲɴλСЦͣ
λСӣƽʱ˹Ķׯû뵽㻹Ҫţ
λǴȶ˰ɣ᲻˺ӣ
ε˽ܿЦһš
λʹͷϵر鲻ֻȡ
Լλգ޲һطȥ
΢΢̧ͷҲڹЦһҶԼλֱš
ɶǣʲžȻ˵ôܹأ⻰λҪʲô˵һ
д
عͷλЩ̵ġ
ܹڶؿմ˵һҸ顣
峤ϣ˵Ͻŵ˰д£
ǲλΣɿһӲתƻ⣬΢Цſȱ
ǵġ
ȱ˵ͷϵЯ࣬ǰһܹķչ˺֮ǡǰһԽԽУԽԽ׳ʱΪŶһЩˣ
˵ĺã
͵峤ܹľоǳο
΢ḧ淺̸൱Ǣ
ˣܿҾҪٰһʢ硣ĳ϶Ҫμӡ׼һ£ǰʹ硣
һ
ãһʢװϯ
ȱελúһСճˣϴһһͬμϯ
ǣĸ״ˡ
ελɵص˵ͷ͸׸𣬸ŰȱغС

Ȼεأ첽׵ǰֿ˵ʵҪĽͣʲôصһŵ
û׳ѯʣεͼϣܹһֱź㣬ſշҹչ
λҲתͷףкһ˿ᣬ׾Ǹʼί
ελõĿ⣬ײɵ΢΢һ㶣ŵ˵ͷЦŴߴٵǿȥúϴװһƯƯġ
ελۿûӦЩȻˣȻŲõЦݣɵشӦһŰȱ˺ˮ֮С
ױ˫֣նźϷĲþ޷ƽ
ʲôأ
׼Σ׶ڤ˼֮£ֻһ¡
Ŷûʲô
ҡͷһЦ΢΢̾Ϣһ
Ӧελԣ
Ҫ󲢲֣ʵҲҪôǣܶʱɼ
СزС֪ˣˡ
ֻΪ鷳֮УΣգɲϣԼں˸Լðա
ȻελԪ쾳磬ﲻʲôæ׵ԣֻף׵
ʵϣУ׵á롰Ҳ˵ƵĻҲ˳ŵȴδʵֹ
֪ô𽣶ڿɺã
ҽڰ֮һҪһ᷵塣
׺Ȼ˶˼еһ׷ɲֹ
и취ελĸԸڣٲ㡣
˵һģ
а취
üͷһû뵽ֵçȻڶŮ鳤ϸԼ顣
һģҲڿЦ㽫Žɵѯʵ˵ʲôӣ
ЦӣŮһ˺ӣе˼Ͷںˣʱ򣬲ȥĶǶᷳ㡣


2009 
̧һƨϡ
ʲô⣿
ҡͷЦ
ӣ
һֱϲӣԼӣЩˡ
ЦĻȴǸ׵һȴһͷ
ǣûоȥЩ顣
ǱߵΣ
Уɽ巢չô
̧ͷʵ
ɽϼͻͳ죬Ҳ̫˵չͷ֮ǰСزҸ顣ϼͻһʿˡ
ԣҪͻĻҪǻ
һһʮ
˼ص˵ͷ
ߣǻȥ
׻˻֣ԳŻʹķӶȥ
׵󣬴粽롣
ʹϿգһĹӭдǵسŹȥһ·˵Цܿͽ˹ڲ
ϯѾ׼׵ˣֻĳϯˡ
ʱӳɱ˫ֱȭϥء
֪ˡ
װ˰֣վڱԵ΢΢һЦһϯҪôҳһζ
ʲôζ
һ˫Ŀʵ
Ȳ㣬ȿϯˣȻͻ֪ˡһӡ
Ը꣬ԼֱţͣץĿⶢףȻȴǵݵ΢΢ЦţĿδ
ӳˡ
ʱʹΧ
һɫȹŮ뼸һš
ÿҽȥмҪ
Ȼ⴫һ̼
ǺˣҲôڵܸĪǳıӵ
ٱ
ѵ
һ˷ǰǷҼ峤Сز𣿡
ʮ𼱵Ҫǽҵ棬Ҫ£ͷ׷ǵ𣿡
ѵ
ԣʱŮԴȷ䣬һˡһͬ˵ѣȻܵ
ŶԭԼˡȥͨһ£ڴ˵ȺƬ̡
һ˵ͷŻʹɱȥ

ɱڣ׵ǰ
ʲô˻ţ
ѯʡ
һŮԳһǰѰ˵ʮ𼱵顣ô׷ʣǲ¶֡
һһʮ
һ
üͷһ
ǡ
ɱȥһͽһɫ̼һϮɫȹŮ˱ڲ
μǰ
΢΢Ƿ񣬽˵Ƿ峤æ
Сزʲôˣ
΢΢ü
峤ˣīǰˡ
ʲô
īǰˣ
׻شվɫЩأ˵īǰʲôˣ
һʱ˵ǰȥ˵طȻͻ֪
׵ĴɤŸŵɪɪҿ׵۾
жԶ
׵
ȫеĻҪĸµʱ䡣ʵ
ߣھ·
һΣֱӽУһֻСһ
ಣ
׽̤ӡܿ˻ʹ֮Ĺ㳡ϣһУѪɫٻ˳
žʧǵ˻ƽ
·
׳
ؿһİѪɫһĭ΢΢ͷӦ

ŷɱ̼СթСΪϣ
ЦŰ˰֣ģСһﲻƭҡøĳϸɢȥ븱֮پٰʢ硣
˵ţͺһѪɫʱڿն
æڹ㳡Ͽյơ
ಡ
ټĻƽ˲ûһ⣬ʧããʡ
ƽϣתͷֱضҵ۾
תͷҳɡ
˵һעӵ׵۾ʱȻԴһɣ׹޵Ԩһ˶ƮƮģɥʧʶ
ǺǣҵƷʣֻҪһ񣬾ܹʵʵ˵
΢΢һЦʵīǰʲô飿
ĿͣһһԹԿڣīǰ׹һУ
䡭
䣬׵ԴǱʯһȫµѪҺΪ֮һ
˵ʲôīǰ׹У
׸һҧŰѪɫһȫǰ
𣬺𡭡
ƺӦ֮еĽ֮飬Ѫɫ׷˻һ˲˷еٶȡ
ȫУҪĸµʱ䣬ҵĻƽ˰ٱֹһʱִܹˡ
װ˼⣬˫ֺʮԹԵԸīǰܹ׻˳ضɹһ٣
Хԭĺ˲׹˹ȵףһ˿Ԥӿͷ


2010 Ӱ
ççԲԵɽУХɳ졣ȥǻɵһƬ˵Īѹ˲١
СزһϮɫƤ£簼͹չֵ쾡£Ҳƽһ˿䡣
ʱ΢̧Ŀֱ㶵ضԶʣĬдʡ
Ҳָ֪ûл
ҪָûлĻҾֻԶڲһ̽ˣ
СزüСϳŻ̼֮ɫ
վǧˣʹͷĬ
Զɽ壬ԼĪһǧİˣ峤ͻ졣
Сزǧ򲻿աʵ̫Σˣīǰ龳ĸ֣ʧ׹к󣬵ڶûϢ
īǰʲôĻӾһأ㣬ֻƽɥ
ͻȰ˵
СزƬ̺΢΢̾ϢһҺʤ̫ǿƫҪīǰīǰգҶ֪Ҫָ罻
СزͲҪˡ˸ǿ󲻵á
ٻӱڲϯΪһ壬ϵؿοСز
СزԾüͷ۰Ͱ͵Զʡ
ԼĪһʱ󣬺Ȼ
ţ
СزǰһһϲԶϯһ⣬ָĻƽ̫ˣָˣ
ٻͻȫתͷȥɵΪ֮һϲ
𡭡
ܿ죬ƽͣɽϿգѪɫצɢŰһӣֱӻƽϯ£Сزǰ
ָ磡
Сزӯӯһʱ嵽׵ǰֹ
ݼ
ͻǰ
Ӹˣ
ߵˣ
ɽӣ¹׹
˿һ壬Ҳ񣬲ҵ
񣡡
װ˰֣ɫصؿСزСزôһ£˵˵
ףСزҵĹһһһʮ˵ָ磬ġʱɷƬɽкȻӿһֱʡǧظϹһ̽˲ŷ֣Ƭɽڲ̺ʮÿһ׳һ󱦲أ
š
׼ʱҲ⴦һǰӰڣһǺڡ
Сز
Ӱڣڣ
üͷ΢΢𣬶Ŷǳİ
Ӱ뺮ΧشǺ塣УӰڵˣó밵ɱĴ̿͡ڵˣ׽ϵһȺ
ӰڵԼĪǧˣһ龳ĸִ졣ڵһǧˣһ龳һĸ졣
һ̾˱˵ڰӰ뺮ڵƤˡҪǳѡ
СزһİԹ
ں밵Ӱڵλ龳֣һûнҷ໥Ҳʶ࣬ڵһʱ佫ҵıУʩչӰ֮زز
ֵıعˣվһʹ顣˼룬овʡֻǰڣҪīǰæû룬㻹ûлصڣīǰæѹƺ밵Ӱڡīǰһīǰ͹ϵشɽɱ˴˵ء
Сز޾ϸؽš
ʮ΢΢ͷ
īǰ龳۷徳ĸ֣ȻûѪҲԲѰ龳ܹĴڡ
οīն״ף˳Ħ׹壬һܹ֮û׹ޡ
ƾʵӰ뺮ڵ龳֣īǰǰһ
īǰִ˵֮󣬰Ӱ뺮ѾòɿҲһ롣˵Ӱ뺮൱
ǣīǰս֮󣬰Ӱ뺮ھѸܡغϣһ޵֮ززӰ뺮ڵλ龳֣Ҳڵһʱʩչ˶룬һīǰס
ͻ𰵰ͷСز˵һ㶼û
ʵһʼõķչģڴУһٴƣú밵Ӱƨʿ
ǽЩˡ
ǽӰ뺮ڸ֮Ǳ㿪ʼǷƬ̺裬ǳôǲɶõļƷ
˵ţСزͳһƴС裬ݵ׵С
ʶһɨɵ΢΢Ծ
ǰٷ֮ٵôһʶûСͿֱʹãҪѰʦʯ


2011 
ڴȻУ˴ǳ˵ǿž
ۣǳɹ˴ļƷ衣īǰڵӣ˿һ壬׬
ǣǽ˵صɨһգ׼뿪ʱīǰȻʩչ˵ص׿ռ֮С
Ȼڵص׿ռڲһӡ
Сزɫص
һӣ
üͷһšϵ죬ȥӡ
Сزͷ
£ڳһ˷׷ÿһ·СزףͻٻңܿɽڲһɽС
ɽȵشȻһԲǧɵӴڶɢŹϢ
˵ӣ
׿ɽеӣʩչѰۣҪһ̽
ȻʧǣѰҲδ͸ڶڲ
īǰڵص׿ռзӣ㽫رʯͨ¶˳
ǲû̫ӡīǰȴ˵ڲ
Сز
΢΢ͷƬɽڲ̺ٷ֮ٵôԲżȻſ϶ʲôԵɣӣпƬйء
Сز˵ͷͬīǰҲôģԣǵȰ裬޷˵ضС
ȻȻ󡭡
˵˵ţСزкᣬ˵ȥˡ
Ȼʲôˡ
׷ʵ
ȻǾīǰһҺд˳ţҲûаϢˡ
Сز
üͷ˳˼
ī룬ʵȺն״ףܹΪ׹ޣʵ龳Уǳ͵Ĵڡ
֮УȻ⣿
Ӿжôգ
壬ѾɹΪʥˣ
ٻЦеףһο֮ɫ
תͷĮһЦ
ɽ˿ˣԴһ̾Ͳڶ
ǿ쿴˺ѾΪһʥˣ̫ˣڰ벽ʥ磬ʹʥȫ޻֮Ϊʥܵˡ
˳ɹΪʥ֣ڵƱؽһɳ죡ܹ׷ǿǵĸ
ǰѾɹʥ𣿲Ϊ˵еʮĹеһĴڣ˿ܹҵһɽǵĸ
ǿǰѪɫÿһĴڣƳ죡ѪɫһɲС
̾ȫ׸ˡ
׻˵ʿյĿ˳ϲҡ
ָ磬
СزһϲףзŹ⡣
ʼȻٵ鹤е˼ǰϡ
ǰʲô
תͷѯĿ⿴ٻ롣
ٻǸʶϽ˵а
Ҳ׼
ٻЦҡͷӼΪ죬̽һĶߡǽڲ˭֪һʲô
ԣСزͻȫ̾
Ҳ˳Ĭ֮С
Ƭ̺׺Ȼ̧ͷ˫ȭֱ߬죬ҾˣҪڲ̽ӣ
䣬Сزɵһ
ָ磬ɲգ˵һ˵޵׺ڶ
Сز۰Ͱ͵ؿףȰ˵ҪĹȣҲĹɵĻʮܹṩһЩ˵裬Ĺɵǵʦ˵ܹӵĽṹ
ҹĹɵʰæ
εҡҡͷ
˵Ӱæˡ
һʮæǿԡ
ǣһһأ˵ҲҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬㲻īˡ
ÿһÿһ룬غīݲð㵢飡
ǧ嶯Ƕϣðգ
ͻǺ
ûҵ˼
׵ȻһЦҡҡͷ˵Ҫڲ̽һӵû˵Ҫ֮һԾ
Ŷ
ʲô˼
Сزٻͻˣȫؿס

ײûлش˵⣬ǳԶİѪɫ֡
𣬺𡭡
ʱǧɵѪɫϯ죬ͷɽϿա
УһѪɫԸ£ɵ׵ǰ
Χ£Χʿ׷ױÿóһյء
ҪѪɫ֮У̽ڲ
ָǰѪɫ͵Ѫɫİ壬Žܵϵңִҵлһ˿а۵ķ򴫳У˵Ҳܹ˺աңѪɫҲΪ츳ѪּΪڡ
ѪɫڲȫΪһڱ˽ڲ
׵


2012 
ԣǻȻ
ԭҪѪɫ̽·
ΪѪɫ֮ŽܵϵԣѪɫ֮˲⣬ô׾ܹӦõ
һ׾ͲҪգԶˡ
ǺôǣȻҪô˵еѪɫ䵱ڻң
Ѫɫ֣Ҫǲ֮Уǽôź
ζҪһѪɫΪս裬û뵽ȻѪɫ䵱ڻңڸв֪
ֳˣ׷һĽʺ޵ĿͶס
ƺ˿е׵ȻһЦҡҡͷҵİѪɫİ壬ǲˣֻҪ㹻裬㹻ʱ䣬ܹµѪɫ
ԣѪɫ䣬Ҳۣ
΢΢һЦ
˵ˣֻҪܹȳīǰҾʧѪɫҲûʲô˵顣
նȻ⡣
ٻСزһۣ̺Ÿӵɫ˭û˵
ȥɣѪɫ
׵ͺһ´Լ
𡭡
Ѫɫͺһ͵һˣԳӴиȥ
ǧɳѪɫһת۾ûڵ֮С
һ̣ڳʿȫΪ֮һ۾ֱضӣ˫ֺʮ
𡭡
Ƭ̺ڲȻһ춯ص˻ƺʹϮ
ʲô
ѪɫҲ˲⣡
Ƥһȫ̵תͷס
໡
ʱһڲ˿񣬺ըһ˫˺ѣѪ
ǣ
üͷ΢šǰīǰ̫ˣīǰûѣ
ڵһʱ䣬׾ͶԴжϡ
壬Ӧһ£澿ʲô飿
ٻȲشߴٵ
׵˵ͷ΢΢˫ʼϸ
һ˫뽹ƵĿУص³һλһϢһϢ
ϢǣҵӦ֪еѪɫûȻѪɫûôīľΪ͸Ӳˡ
׵
ԣȫϲЦտԭһֱüСزҲ΢΢һüͷҲ΢΢չ˿
ϢǣҵӦѪɫʧȥжƺʲôˣ
׻һת
Ŷ
ˣĪڲһ󣿡
ʲôƣȻܹѪɫīĸ֣̫ˣ
۷׷ÿһʿϣȫžɵɫ
ͷҲΪ⡣
𣬺𡭡
ʱڲֽϵشһХһ߹һжϣƺѪɫʹ֮С
ţѪɫʼʩչа۰壬ȫѽ
ͨӦܿжϡ
ڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۽׵ϣһ
Хڶ˸Ҫ׵תܹ֪ѪɫĴ
ѪɫХ˰ʱʱ䣬ƽ
̫ˣ
ѪɫѾ˳˽ָ֮
͵߬ȭͷһϲ
ʲôѪɫ˽
֣ѪɫΪܹѽīȴܣҪ֪īϿ龳֣ѪɫҪö࣡
īԴ׹֮󣬾ҲûжˣѪɫȴǲϹ
۷׷ףǾϲǾ档
壬ȻѪɫѾָ֮ôϿ콫ٻҲõѯڲ
ٻʮ侲һʱ͸һǳõĽ顣
ã
׵ͷʼͨ鹵ͨڲѪɫٻ
Ȼһ̣׾һεؿЦѪɫƺΧս֮У޷
Χ
֮УľУ
Сزͻɫʱ÷ǳࡣ
ôīѪɫĴͷǳΣˡ
˫ȭѵ֣ο׵˸֪ڲŶ
ھͽУһ֮
׵ϵ
ָ磬㲻ҪȥСزܵ߬׵֣Сǰ֮ɫ
СزġѪɫܹѽָ֮ûеС
ҾԲµġ
һЦ
ǣī龳֣ҲûѽҾ鲢ûе򵥡
СزȻǣīİΣں׵
ϾɣȻ֮仹ûһһңСزףͱ׸͵ˡ
񿴵ҪֻգĶҪɤˡ


2013 ڵ
΢΢һЦĦСز۵գοѪɫܹ֮ѽǴеһ˿а۷īǰȻа۰壬޷ѽ
ҽ֮ƾа۰壬ȫָܹ֮ʱ򣬾ΧҲη塣
ȻˣһҲĶ֣Ҳȫһ֮˺գڲһͲ֮ˡ
оݵ˵
ǡСز߬׵½ǣأԲԸ֡
ѾͲҪȰˣ
ֳСزС֣޷˵ڿն𣬳Ӹ¡
أ
壬¶Сģ
ͻٻọ̈̄ڳÿһʿȫΪ֮
СزǿȥıӰЩȥװæˡһ׳ʲôôСزһӶ֮С
𡭡
У׵ٿرɱ⣬˵ηӴɱ䣬ƴ顣Ŀ֮£׵͵ߣȫⱩ͹һϽɫ۱ףڹؽڴλãһ˸˸ĵ̡֮ϣҲһжʮĸ֮˸Ľ֮䣬է
ױ״̬ޡ
ţʲô̬Ϊʲôı󣬳һԳ򣿡
͵ߣˣı״̬ʮа˾ǽˣ
᲻󣬵õ״̬µѾǳֲˡ״̬һ¥ͬʥǰ¾ֽһ
һզྪ
ǣ
СزСϸֳһĨ֮ɫĿɿڴű֮ףǿһͷϹһ档
ͻٻǵɴͫףԼ۾
ಣ
ɹΪ̬ףһ̲ͣط˶£գ֮䣬˵Ӿͻûһ⣬ɲ֮С
ָ֮䣬㳹ʧ١
š
СزоЩģתڰٻԣкᣬݽҧƲסزš
Сز㲻صġҲˣѾʥˣֵõ˸Ϊ߽׵ı̬϶ܹǰ׻ġ
ٻ밮ظοСز
СزĬг˰ˡ
׸һӣ͸о˱޾ĺڰˣʧȥ֪ӾƱһ̥ȫȻ
ȻһΣоһӴԼһ޵׺ڶ֮С
ţǰһԼһؾ֮С
һɾһؾľ죬ɽӱڡУظܵɽ֮ɣ䣬ͺɾ֮УƮƮȻҪ𻯵ɡ
ϧûϸ续˵壬ͺƱʩչ˶һȫӲȫá
ţ
ʲô
ʶһɨ鿴Լ壬Լڲ֪֮䣬ѾһӴʯڲʯһʯƤѣ⽩һһʧ
ãǶ
Ѿһʯ񣡡
Ҫ޷ѿҪ˶ãҵͻʧңҲһغ
׸һҧ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϹĹĵص׶У޹ʩչ
׼ڶݵĻ֮̾ʹ߶а۷
䡭
ʱķϯ죬׵ӿ˳ɲǼ䣬𵴣ʱ˳
顭
а۷ϴ֮£׽ƤѪ⣬ܿʹӽӲ״̬˹̵ѪҺҲתǻµĻ׶һֽţԼѾ𽥻ָж
ȻһʹĤĹֽ׵ĶĤ֮Сѭȥгɰǧֻһߵʯ֣ԼӵЩʯ֣ͨɫӨ͸һʵϼѵʯ
ǷػϸֱۣͷųһīĳڵƺҪ׸ըɲƬ
顭
ĳڵϯ̱ǵĳζӿڱǣ鲻ԽҪŻ¡ڵһʱסɫ÷ǳŹ֡
ĳڵ׵ϣȻըǣ䱬ըʵޣǼΪڵļһ˵
ΨһˬǣһڵУϾͻϴĺɫֳ࣬Ƥһ֫סӰ׵ж
û뵽ӵڲһ
΢΢³һ͵һ˾ͺһս˲Ӵʯ˳


2014 ʯϹ
𡭡
һʯ̾һͷҰٿһɳ죬ɸ߿֮ϡ
һӶ¡
ϣǧֻʯ֣һȺҵϣ˷Ӵ˿
ǺǣЩСʯ֣᲻ս£
ɢʶǧֻʯֵϯЩʯ֣£׵ûа
˵һȺϣɲʲôȤ顣
ҡҡͷתͷԶеһǶһǧɳѪɫ·衣
ö˵Ѫɫ׻İ塣
ֻǣ֮ǰõѶϢͬǣѪɫûʲôΧҲûʲôΣտԡ෴ϵ׷ɱʯ֣ѵľһͷȺĶǣ¾Ⱥ
Ѫɫ׷£ǧֻʯɽҰӴܣȻЩʯȻһϸĸۣǵȴǳСټϱΪͣӵùѪɫ׷ɱ
ѪɫƺڶŪɽҰʯ֣ڸ߿ظ壬ÿһθ壬磬ŵڶʯֶɽӲϷ£۵໲Һ
ʱʱģѪɫצץһֻʯУֱ죬ͺ̳Żһ
һ﾿ڸ
ҡͷЦһЩѪɫ
΢΢תͷһ۾Ϳ˱ʯڲī롣£Ҳٳɣ͵һ壬ʯϿա
ţһӣȫ߶ڵа۷ͷųһ糱ķġ

ӿ糱ӿʯڲī롣
ʱī룬ȻʯѾһ֮ãϾ龳۷֣Ȼʯ񣬵ȻʢûɥʧûΪһ߸ʬ
ܿ죬ӿ糱ķģͽīϴƤǡ
ԼĪһӺī뽩Ƥǻָ
ȣ
īͺһ͵һԾԳʯػ֮
īǰ
ԾīǰЦеī룬㻹ðɣ
׹еĿ⣬īҡͷһЦû£̶ֳȵʯ󣬾ǽҽ꣬ҲδܹҪҵ
һ٣ī뻰һתʵ壬ôˣ
СزȥҲʮ𼱸Ϲģûʲô󰭣
΢΢һЦ
īȻص³һЦף壬־һ
װ˰֣īǰ֮ˡ
һЦ
֣֣
īĹˣ۲Χ续ľɫųɫ÷ǳŹ֡
īǰôˣüͷ
û뵽ڲȻһԴ
īҡͷһЦ̾壬Ҳܵˣؾе̶ȣĵشҲضã컯ɾΧǳԣϰٱֹһɶõķˮأ
׵ͷ
ؾȷʵһԴ˸еǣؾе̶ȣֱЩš
壬ߡȥһ̽
īȻڵ
ţһ
īҪ̽ʲô
Ҳ˵ˣ֮ҪڲΪ֮ɽУΪ
ڿЩΪؾе磬ɽеɽʯڳ֮£γ
īɫϾϵҲ룬ڲ϶ʲôܣҪȻǲܻ˳ġ
˼صͷ
ĹˣһǳؾɽӣľïʢٲȻһС硣
޽С磬ȻӵŨԷͬѰһʲôܡ
Ͼ˺嫵Ե޹ʳ֡
컯ɾȷ컯ɾΪڲҲΪ棬ڵ棬ֱ˼ɾ
컯ɾ֮ӵŨΪг̨Եʡ
̨ܹɽ磬ԴԴϵػȡ֮֮ӿ컯ɾ컯ɾŨ̶ȣȻ͸ߡ
ǡ
īؾΪ˳棿
϶Եʣ
ߣȽѪɫˣ
ī󣬵Ӷ׼Ѱࡣڴ֮ǰ׾ԷԶѪɫɲϣѪɫصؾкεȥˡ
ûؾĵϸ֮ǰΪá
𡭡
ѪɫɽϿ߮ţʱצץֻʯ֣Уҧֱ졣
ÿһʯ֣һƷϼѵʯ̺ŨѪɫ븹֮󣬺ܿͻΪһɹѪɫա


2015 ظ
ɡ
Ѫɫľٶſ׼ϵİҹħֱˮ޲̷˶£Ѫɫһ̳ʯ֡

߳һ
ֵѪɫԣ˳طɵ׵ǰӴԴһƾõģ
Ȼһѱ飬õ
ͷһͨĩˣʼ׷ѪɫΡ
ѪɫһȥȻǲ׼粵ˡ
壬Ѫɫʲôˣ
īʵ
ƲƲ죬úɸֵѪɫ̽·û뵽ȻΪ˶ڴ˵ضһ̳һЩʯ֣⽫˵صΣճ̶ȿ󣬺ĵ˺þã
īȻЦҡҡͷ
ѪɫȻİ壬ҲȫûʶʳǰѪɫѡƭˡ
ɴСҪײȻŭһ֮ͿҪѪɫһѪɫҲǲԡ
壬ѪɫǴӳ˯ѹˣ
ңѾɹĽŲ磬ǿϲɺذ
ī̾ѡ
ƲƲ죬ѪɫľΪˣҾĵҲˣȻҹƭҡ
һ٣Ѫɫü˳۵ģʵںݲѵټϴʱҪ²߷ߵһ֣һεϯֱӽѪɫԼıڲ
Ҵؾгȥ֮ٽѵ㣡
һ仰
ণ
ȻһɫĻӰīϯԷס
ȥȻһֻͨ尵ɫĵȡ
ȣ
һȣϲЦտı棬δȱøΪ׳˶Ҳȡ
ণ
׵ĻУǵĦ׵ţƺ׷ǳøˡ
ɣ
ҹħŵغһƺЩʣһԺ˸˸ֵʱҹħ͹ԹԵرͣ
壬ǰСزҳΪԷһʮӳˡҵıУڣҾٻΣ
īЦס
װ˰֣أȳȥ֮˵˵ţȻīǰҾؾУ϶иأ
īΪȻص˵ͷ
˵ûؾڴʯ󣬾;һֱʡ龳֣׹Уһʱã
ʿʵҪ֮ϣ˵һλ𾳸֣
īɫǳϾ
üͷ񾭽
𾳸֣
ؾǲ𾳸ֵؾô׵˽Դ룬˵ɱ֮
¡в𾳸ڴ˵أڣһܹ֮˺գռѷб
װοīһ䡣
ţ㰵תԪһף֮󴳴˵أе˵صǰ
׵Ŀת֮£˷˿ôպ֮䣬׵졣
ؾ֮Ув𾳸򣬿϶¶档
糱һ㣬˿ȥ
īȫɫϾԴ߶ԪС
ȻȺһӵʱ䣬ûκεĶ
īЩͷˡ
ûлӦ
촽üͷš𣬡ѵ˵ؾеʿʱڴ˵أ
壬Ҿãؾеظ֣пܲڴ˵أҪȻҲ׹ʯʱ򣬾ͻ
ҪǶǵĴ룬вĻǱʯʱȫͿʹɱ֣
īһƲ
˼ص˵ͷ
ī˵úе
īǰǺã촽
īһЦȻظֲڣôͱǲˡ˵ţһӣֱӽʮֻ׻ȳٻ˳
Ľ׻ȳƾճڸ߿У糱شӵһͺһյĽɫƶ䣬˲һƬա
ţ
΢΢һ㶣ɫŹֵؿī롣
壬ʮӳؾе̺ʽѰҪ˶ãǾܹؾ׳졣ʱǲܹŪؾΪʲô˳ң˵Բظһ˽⡣
ī
ʲô
ʮӳ棬ؾе̺ʽѰ
һʱī󵨵뷨סˡ
תһ룬ȻؾеظֲڣôҲûбҪˣԷſֽţѰһ˵ܹõ֮ϲ
һˣ׵ͷӦ


2016 벽
ȣ̸Ҵʮӳ棬ؾнһ̺ʽѰ
ֻҪ֣һ㱨
׵ͺһ
ণ
һʳһͷ߿գʮ׻ȳ棬ؾе˷ɢ
ʮֻ׻ȳ棬ÿһֻ׻ȳ뵶ȶŽܵϵֻҪ֣̾ͻ֪ͨȣҪ˶ãܹؾ׳졣
īնһЦصȺŵȵĺϢ
ס֣
ס֣
ٿأһըװ˻Զ
ţ
ˣ
ī뵱ѭȥԶʣԷʮӰÿһӰͬһʽɫۣͷһˣǸߣűɫƣһµĹȣȵĶǶһŴɫıʯ
ȣϿ켯Ⱥ
׻æͺһ
ণ
˻һԭѾɢ˷ӶȥĽ׻ȳ棬¾ۼγһյĽɫƶ䣬ڸ߿вϵӿƸ졣
īĿԶĿ䡣
˵ʱʱ죬һת۵ĹԶеʮӰ;Էɵīǰ
īȫڵһʱ䰵Դ߶Ԫ
īǰλ̵Ϣɲ⣬Щ׽
һȥֱӽעֳ־¹ȵߣ޵Ϣɵһ
׵ĸߵϢޣһ̲ˮ޷һۿ͸
ǣ޵Ϣжϣַǳ𾪡
Ϊ
ɢϢʮֲֿȫ׵
īڿʯʱһΪؾп϶סظ֣ңظֵľΪԲī֮£ڣпǲ𾳸֣
ڣīֱǰĿʱԭȵԤȫ߸ˡ
ߣԪһϢޣżɢϢľΪԶԶֹ𾳽磡
Ѿƽ۾磡
Ǿף
ߵϢӦа벽۾磡
ţû뵽컯ɾһУȻľ֣
ײ֮䣬ظ֣Σˣ
īɫһһһٵ
ɫӲԵЩ֣̿Դ߶а۰壬׼һ֮˺գռѷб
԰벽۾ĸ֣ī׶ֻǱ΢ϣֻҪԸ⣬Ͷܹ֮ī
ڣҪ˺գռѷбĻᶼӵУ
Ϊһ벽۾ĸ˵ɲܹ֮ɱףĶ˺յĻ᣿
ƣ÷ǳϾпᣡ
СǺηʥΪζ
īĵڣһ¹ȵȿˣɫ飬ҲΪƽͣ˸ܲŭ⡣
ǣīȴ˿⣬Իæ
ǰڵƽ̡˹أް⣬ðǰܹһ棬һ·
׳Ͽҵ
ī빧ҾǰоðˣԸеĳͷǧУҲԲһüͷֻϣǰܹԵλСһ·֮Ի˵أȫΪ˾ҡ
īе֮ɫȵ̵ȻһЦڣҴδ˵
Ѿܾû߶߶ˡ
̵¶һĨ֮ɫƬ̺īϣºһЦǼȻײ֮´Ĵ˵أôҲͲ׷ǵˣƽ޹ʵȡǵ
ֻǣɱҲٵҵؾ˷ˣŻҵˡҪһĴ۲У
Ļ޷ҵ񽻴
̺ȻһתúƺеС
˵ȡԼī벻ɵ־ϲһ̣˵׹˵
Ҫ۲У
ʲôĴ۲У
ԭЩʯ̵֣֮ǰѪɫ̰ԣʳ˲ٵʯ֡Ҫ׷ǵΣҲ֪ǸʲôĴۣ
Ϣء
īҲɫϾüͷ壬ֱض̡
лǰɱֻ֮ҪǰȡǵǸʲôĴ۶Сϵɽ»𺣣ֻҪܹģԲаɣ
׹˵
ã
õ׵ŵƵʱ˿һ;Գɣ⳥ʥһٺϺõƣұ㲻׷ǵˡΣ


2017 Ʒ
ԣīȫ΢΢һһԼĶ䡣
⳥ʥһٺƾͿһʹ
ۣδҲ̫ˣ
Ҳʿ˵ʥǲɶõıǣͷβ˵ʥֵһᣬڣ벽һǹ׵жֻһɲóļߡ
ī뻹ĻǣǰʨӴ󿪿ڣһ
һī»ǵв죬Ӷʹɱ֡
ʱīĴͷǳΣˡ
ûϵӵŰ벽۾̣ȻֻԼҪʥһٺƣ
īپϲ⡣
תһ룬־Щ̫ţ
īǰ̾ȻֻҪʥһٺơ
΢΢תͷһضī룬˵ôģ᲻ǹҪһ
īüͷͬоЩãȻ
Ҳɡ
ãī벽۸ֵ˼ǸⲻҲĸ֣Ƿ׳ʲôΪҪֻһ̬ȡ
˼ص˵ͷ
ī˵û
һ벽ۼĸ˵īּʿоֻ΢ϡںܹóʲôΪҪҲľֻϴ̬ȡ
һˣ׽šŵüͷʱ΢΢չ˿
ôĪûʥ
ī˰죬ûͳʥ̶ʱЩżԽơ
ǰĪͽʥϡ
׻æЦһֱӴӱͳһٺϺõƣЩƣʧ֮صľ¥صģԭŸԼõģóһ˿оۡ
ãþƣ
Źȵִ̣ӵһƺšӣһᣬɵüЦű˫ֻžƺ˵عī׵עĿ֮£һƸ˸Уδز˲죬Це̾һǹ񫣬þۣ
ʥأ
̸Ц˾֮ϸһΣʮӡ
Ŷǰҵʱûʥ
ҵһİ벽㲻⣬Ҿͽ벽׸ԴΪֿǸ⣬Σ
̣һˣָժĲǡ
ʲô
Ҫһ벽ʥ
ԣһЦ˿ûв˼̫ˣ죬İ벽׳Һúơ
˵ţȲش˴֣һضס
һ벽ʥ
ٺòˡ
Ҫ֪һʥļֵԻȡ嵽ʮͨʥ벽Իȡʮʮʥ
һ벽ʥ˵׬˵ģ
ţ
üͷһ̵оЩŹֵĸо
Ϊһ벽۾ĸ֣Ȼһ벽Ȥ
׿һ벽۾ĸ֣˴˵еĵ¾ǽҲ
óһ벽̾Ȼ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ĪǣҪ벽ʹ͸µˣ
ҡҡͷԺеĹŹͷ˦˳ȥٴеԵʣһһǹٻ˳
һǹɱֵͳնսƷͨɢһ𱦹⡣
һһǹ벽ı
˫һǹţǰ̵ǰ׸̡
̱ܵغ˼Ȼһӣһεͽеһǹ֮С
ĦһǹϽܵƣʱչ˿ϵ̾öǺö
īһۣɵһ
ֻҪͺá
ɣ
ſ׼ϵİҹħ֪ʱ˯˫һ۾еľ¹ȣī̵˫ͫ¶һĨɫ
ֻû˷һС
ǰ֪ɷ⣿
ī̽Եѯʵ
⣬ǳ⡣ǿ뿪ˡĦеһǹΧʮȫΧ£ޱȺضһǹߴߴ˵ͣ
лǰɱ֮
ڣ
īһۣ΢΢һɵԾ𣬾ԳԶĳϯȥ
Х׵ĺڷúƷƮ
ת֮䣬ī͵ִ˳ڴ


2018 ʯ
վڳڴλãīһۣȫЦ̾Ϣһ
һӣܹһѾĪĸˡȻ˵ʧһ벽һǹܹīʯоȳѾֵˡ
߰աīص³һ
׵ͷ
ɣ
Ȼ׼ڴʱſ׼ϵİҹħħһֽһŷԶ̷˶ȥ
ţ
ҹħ
תͷȥжʱһֱš
ģҹħĪҪѰ·𣿾Ȼȥǰ벽۸֣
Ǹң
ԾҪҹħס
īɫһƬ̣վǸ׵׳ʲôΣա
ɣ
˵ʱʱ죬ҹħգ֮䣬ͷɵ̵ǰſѪڣһˣ̵ľ¹ȡ
¹ȵĶˣǶһŴɫıʯɢİصı⡣
ţ
һҹ
̲ʱʧɫеĹȾҪôҹħ
ʱīҲϵ
壬ϿֹҹħĻⰵҹħɱСǣǿɾ´ˡ
īߴ١
ҡͷͷǺⰵҹħǩԼճ˵ҵǲΥġû뵽ҹħ֪ʲôʱıӵҺ˺öζҲŲʣ
ܲĽɣ
Ρ
Ϊˣ׼Ȼ밵ҹħǩԼôȫһ֮䴦ҹħ
ǡ
ҹħ״ӹżлȡϡػޣǳ׾᲻ôҹħ
СӣǾȻҷųңĪѰ·
ϽߣĻʹɱ֣һ򾡣
ƴػеĹȣһܻģ
ţ
ƴŹȵ̣ԭ̼飬Ȼƽüͷ˼ض̡
壬ΪһҪٲҹħջҪˣ
īͷŴŵĺ飬ɤЩˡ
֣֣
׽̣Ƭ̺󣬺ȻЦīǰҾ̣¸ʲô벽ۣ
˵ʲô
ī΢΢һ
һ벽۵ĸ֣ڰҹħ߶£ȻҪƴȣһ֮䣬ܹҹħɱ
ȻûϰҹħŻҡǶƭˣ
ϣ𽥱ɱ
ɣ
ʱҹħһˣ˳ҧס˹ȵĶˣһڽ˵̱ʯ˿Уţ̵áУ䵽׵ļϣ΢΢˫
콫ʯң
ǵĴ֮СϽʯ³
뼸ʮˣȫףһáв
СӣٽСȻĸͳʯңĻ̾Ҫǵڴˣ
̿첽׵ǰſ׼ϵİҹħӵûٸҿǹһ׺ݵضףͼ׾ͷ
Ȼûзǣʱ˿̣ī˿ѾĮȻӣȫû֮ǰ뾴η
ǣ
ٿأ͵һֱ֣ס̵ĲӣһСһ
һϲ⣬Ȼװ벽۸ƭǣƭȡһ벽ŵǸͷл
Ҫǰҹħ̰ԣǾҪɻˣ
΢΢˫¶һĨ֮ɫ
ңҡ
ʱŻȻ¶ˣʱŵɫףƴص˫ȣҪ׵ѳ
ǰ˵Ҹ̱͡ס˲ӣ˵üΪϸǺƴغţһŭ֮£ĻᣬֱŤԴ
ǰŹǵ峤
ϣǰܹ峤һ
ڳļʮˣ׷ϯض򣬸׿ͷȫ߶ֱ
ءһһֱӽ̸ˤ˵ϣ䷢ʣ˵ɣҵҪҪӽڵ˵ɰ׵ġ
̼ѵشӵֳϻ̳Ͽֵعڵأǰ֮Ҫװ벽۸֣ȫΪԱҲˣֻһԪʥߣҵʵҵļ԰
ǽǵļ԰ʯҶûǣֻʯķӡţΪһ߸ʬ
ûϵǾȻܹʯѳȫҵϣҪ֪ʯ󣬾ǲ𾳽ĸֲ׹Уһʱδָܹ֮ǡûв𾳽磬ǲʯģ
˵ʱų̧ͷһī룬˲ûʲô󣬲ųϻ̳Ͽֵؼ˵λǰָ֮ҵ֪Ƕ֣Ҫڶв¶ġǣǾȻٻ棬Ҫǵļ԰׳죬ͱҪװ벽۸Ǹˣ


2019 Ȫ
ǰңʼնֻҪԱѣǹװɰ벽ƭȡǵĲ
Ҳܹ⣬αװһ벽ۣǴɱҵֻ֮뿪׷ǵκΡţǷɡʱ˵Ĵ÷ǳΣգ
ԣΪǵĻ֮ģұҪʥΪ
˵صһԴ˵ϣλǰϷǷһ·ֻܹҵ˻ȥ
īһЦ
˵Ļоݣһ˵һж˵ûʲôŪĳɷ֡
㣬ǹϵıʯʲô⣿Ϊʲôֳֹȵʱ򣬻ɢһĨ벽۸ֲеϢ
двɻʱδɱһƣ䷢ʡ
Ǵʯ
̳˵⴫ʯǵ洫ıʯǵ棬һ벽۾ĸ֣Ǻϣ۾磬Ϊ۸ֵġǳңڵؾ˸ŲƵ컯ɾӽǵȫϾ˵õɵĻᡣټԪѾߵ˾ͷǧǰɥˡһ鴫ʯöʯ̺һ˿ԪȻǳϡ٣Яϣȴɢһ˿벽۸ֲеϢ
ҽ鴫ʯǶҵĹ֮ϣƽʱԼϢֻǴ߶ϵʯɢ벽۸ֵϢһܹɹƭλǰ

ûϵǳϧĴʯջһĿУ
ԭˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷô˵ؾڴʯҲǵ桪Ǹ벽۸ģ
Ȼͷǡ
ǺǣǲȦףİҹħȻǿɾԩˣ
ī볤һЦеס
ˣмҪѯ㡣
Ȼī䷢ʣؾУΪ˳棬ֱ컯ɾĵشҪ棡
Ҳؿ̡
̳Ƭ̣֪ī룬΢΢̾ϢһΪǵؾУһȪۡ
Ȫۣ
ԣײɵ΢΢һû˵ʲôȪۡ
ʲô
˵ǵؾһȪۣ
īһĺϢһض̣˫˸˸Ź⡣
̲÷ص˵ͷ
̫ˣ
˵Ϊؾޱߣȴ˳棬ԭһȪۣ
īпϲ಻סͷЦ
īǰʲôȪۣ
üͷ΢ѯʵ
ȪۣȻγɵһȪۣӿǼΪͨȪڵĵطγһˮء
ǣȪҲ֮֡
īĵظ׽Ȫ۵⡣
ȪȪʲô𣿡üͷһ
ȪۣͨΪغγɵȪۣȪۣдСӿҲǳǣ˼ͻɺԡݽߣջΪС
Ȫ۾ȫͬˡȪڲ̺һ˿֮֮سʱһ̺ŴֻҪȪҲͲɺԡ
īЦ
ʲôȪ̺һ˿ֻ֮ҪȪ۾Ͳɺԣ
˵Ȫش棿
ԶḲ𣿡
׾˫ЩԼĶ䡣
û
īЦȪۣɽУҲǷǳĴڡֻҪΪƻͻԶڡɽУĹĸǽһƷȪ֮ϵġ
û뵽ڲؾУȻһȪۣѹִؾܹɽһʵļƷ
īϲɫ
׵鲻Խͨͨݺݵһĭŵһۣ죬ȥȪۡ
⡭
ЩɡȪؾĸչָī뿴ôҲûκܿˡ
ô㲻Ը⣿
ơ
ǰĪţǰǰȪۡ
̻æӦгɡ
īʱһЦ
壬ڵĵ򣬲ʲôѵõķˮأңֵиʥȪȵĻ롣ʥȪȵҵڡʱƱؽһ֣֮Ѫɺӡ
ԣŰǨԽԽã
ؾһѵפص㣡
īһЦ

ǰȪۡСĶ˵
׵һοȪ۵ʱͻȻðһѵ뷨ҰȪڣôأϾֻҪȪҲͲɺԡ
ȪڣǿԸһ棬ⲻ׷ļ
뵽Խľ뷨С
ī뿴ɫ任֪ʲôֲҴףֻվһߣȴ׵ָʾ
Ƕ£ȥ˵ţһȪۡʱ׾͸оһ̣ͻȻãԼʵ̫СˡΪ˸һ棬׻ǾðȪۡ
ͬȪΣҪ㣡˵ţͿʼȪۡ
ͻȻһĪսȪۡ
ӡװһεı˫ۡ
֪ʱȥ˶ã׸оһǿԼ۾ϡֵ˵ǿ⣬۾
ֻǰȺɽƣǧһƬϼεⲻأ
ҾȻˣվۣ֮쳤Х
ɲǼ䣬ƹ˺Ƶӿصضɽҡ
ȫ꣩
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================