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ս
ߣֻСϺ

ݼ
ϵܵԻΪ½裬ҿ壬ȼɽӣΪķս֮б


1 ֮
ٺ٣С㣬ô㣿
ưܵСУһ쳣ӣһЦһɵŮӶֶš
˵ܵܵʬԸɣȥʦøɣ
¶̰࣬֡
С鱯ˣҧ촽裬ֻǱܵĿܣȴޱȵĵǣͣڵһѪϡ
ҵܵܡûŮӳؿšӣΪеĵܵܣֻǿš
ҲʱˣӱЩͷˣɫֱӾȥɫۣвܵ㲻ǲ֪ңôпܸһݼֵʮҵɢ㲻ӡߣߣܱܵɣ
СѲˣ
һԼĵܵ˾ͷңڣһˮ
Сʱ򣬾ƹϵ̱ʱڼУֻΪԣȻ׽ܣڸ飬ȴһҲ׽ܲ
֮ԻڴϣΪΪһãΪ̵Ṳ̊š
Լܵδ֪ΨһϣǰӣȴҪԼ塣
ٺ١ˣаЦ֪ԼĿҪˡǱ©һĨıóѵĻȣ建ĳ俿
˻ͻȻڷһ졣
ֻԭڻ״̬ͻȻһŻ棬һš
ţûκ˲ڻʧһָ̣˶Ѹٻָ
һɼʹϳԺͺȫɢһٴλ赹ȥ
ҾȻû
ţһζϢӿʶڡ
ǵΨһһλSĻϵߣĳһ죬ӴһŴػ֮ٻٵֻ޶ա
ȴû뵽ԼȻƬȫ޻档
Ȼ˶ǻϵ𣿡ЩϲԼǰڻڻû뵽ٴԵ
ʱһʵ϶ôôίע⡣
СΪԸ⸶һУϣһҪ۾۽ǻһᣬʵı۾ᱡ
С𡭡
С𡭡
žѪʶƽ
ʱݡ
ʮ꣬ʣ徳ףˣǱ󼸸µĽ㣬䡣
Ȼ䲢׽㣬Ǿƹϵ֪ġ
ʱꡣ
ԽڴϵģҲһʬˡ
ļ䣬䣬ӦһԸǿŮӣֻһ̣ȴֳ˴һ档
ڵһ¶û鵽ĸоڣܵǷݹػ֪ǲܵӰ죬£ӿһɴδйĸо
һ̣Լͽ𣬲ңԺϧ֮׵飡
ֻǣǰ龰ŭȼ


2 ɱ
ߣɱ⣡
һȣԭڴһӴһԾ̧ţǺ޷ӡ
顣
쳹ӱһģײһԵľȴҶѵ˿ڣڴϣ˿Ѫ
С𣿣
ؿڱȾʱæǰ鿴ơ
ıȻû˵ӣȴҲõһ񣬿ѪڳźݶĹâ
䣬ѵһľɫŮӵƺӳĴŮ֮Ƶ̣ǰҲ߰
ΪԳĬԣԳ˶˪õҪ׷ֹֻ
شΪϵĴˣѾеĻȻҲнӽĻᡣ
½ϣˣΨһܹģҩ߼һľ¶ɢ߼ģ˵ҩ
¶˵ҩɡʦơԣʦΪ½Ĵڡ
ȿȡ
ڿѪǣ˫Ѫ˿۾ȴĶŻߣƺ޲ýʬΣ
ֻǴʱϵˣȴ谭
СС𼤶ˡؿѪҰ׵գˮߵ㲻ϵĵȥ
֪Լϵˣǵܵܺ͸ףԲʧȥˡ˪ܹΪ˾ȥˡ
ɼĿеλҪԡ
㣬ҡû¡
ջĿ⣬ǰһĽ㣬궼ڳʹʹԶԶϵʹ
УһֱǰŮչԼǰǸȴƺû̫ΪԼ΢Ľ
ȻڵѾǰ𣬵ڸֿ֮ܵҪǻպһܵί
˵С˵ү㣬㾹Ȼʶô͵Ϯүǲǻòͷˣ˽ʱһǳ̶˹
ֻǳĿһɨš
¶ǿҪʮҵĹƷ
һңһٸңʮңһǧҰ˵ѪΪľҪһ׷
ѾˣƣƢǲóˣԴʱҲ˺Ƥ
̶䱯˵΢뵽ӵݣüɵ
ʱ֪Ѿ벻κΰ취Ѿ¶ģֻҪܹȻΪ֮һС
ȻѾˣԭͲ̵ľģ˲ҲǰռԼ˿˵ġ
㣬˭


3 
߷ס󣬵СʦǲҪͻĺá
¶ΪѵɫüͷҲǽ
ܹо߾Ӧڴңڵȫʢʱڵˣǰһ㡣ֻǣ߼ǲзϵϣе鷳
ĬߵС˵ô˵ˣûݱ»ҪǿǿЦһĶֻ֪Ů˳Һͱүа塣
üһԭֻѵһߣȴѾɱġ
û˵ȴվ˳ߣСȻѾˣûˡ㻹뿪ɡ
ߣԣ¶Ǯһǧңϻң𣬾ծӾʦѧͽҲסƶܹǵġʦˣԼ
ϵһĮСȻˣһʲôȥģʦҲһѣһ
ӣ
߻ðɣӶԵЩŤˡ
Ҫ֣ǣƳĨ֮ǽһͰˮ΢һЩ
涯ԿĿ϶
䣬Ҳһλﵽ׾ǿߡ
ǣֵĶˣܹʵ
ĳСӣ
ĿתƵϵʱ򣬻һݶҧˡûָѾˡ
ӷ㣡
ŭһӿֳһĨĹâֱĵԶߵаɣ
ţ
ֻϵǸ˲䣬оһɲĳϮԼԺֻǶݵĴ֮Ǳ㷺һЦ
ǰʹþ
ȻʶľƺǺǿ󣬵ƺϮԺľȴҪǿ֮ࡣ
Ŀ£ʶڵľܿҺݺݵķ˻ȥ

һ˲䣬ǻ߷һزҽУڵأ۽ѪһֵĶŵȻˮ
ܵģⲻܡǵĨЦɵĴ˸
ѾҪΪʦˣǿģôֻʦ
ǰ𣬲һʮѣôܻһλʦأ
ߣ㲻ҪôôѽǱӰһߣһ˹ȥ
۵³һѪ̱ڵءһȻûֱӻƻߵʶǣȴݻ˻ʶö͵ľӡҲ˵ϵģ𣬶ǻߣ
Ȼȵ
ظȥ
һϵеı仯ȴһԵ䲻Ȼһͷˮ
ԭѾƵ׼ȴûϵ߻ͻȻһˣͷһת
С𣿡һ²ؼڵŨˡ
صһһͼβˡֺõ
޷ԵЩӣǰŮ׳˶ѹȴպЩѹ
ȴЦȻǽ˴ʱǣܻǵһλʦѧͽ
شĵܵܣȥӦԻߵıأ
һƣȴһ£ʵ㣬⼸죬Ǳô


4 ǿΪ
ôԭģΪˣҶæŶԡҵ˳棬ôûС˱
ʻɫһ
̣ƺӳĴ֮һҵǧС㣬ǸڵϧԴҲû¶棬
ʱڴһЩ䲻ɵĵͷȥ𿴵Լâ
Ǳ֪ܵȵŮӣѾʱ˺ˣܳܵס
˼鶯飬һС
ЦһûҲãЩǰ˶˹ϵҲʡԺ鷳
ĻЩ⣺С˼ǣ㲻ȥˣ
㣬ͲҪЦˣһЦΪ̲㶪ȴһ۶ϣŮˣţҲҪôȥ
شһӿˮǸ̰Ľ٣£˽ﲻ֪˵˶ٻأҪܱãȴǾǿŲȴһһʱٸн
Сڶˡ
εЦЦ㣬ӽ쿪ʼֵҹĵģֻһˣòã
ƶ졣ΪЦӡ
ûãſڴͷ˯ˡ
ݶ㲵ܹĵʱζȹġ
΢΢̾ϢҪǿС
ܲпᣬǿΪΪۻһУȭͷ˵㣡
㹻ʵƷеԼĻʳƶԼĹûУκ˶Թһţ㱻۸Ҳͬ顣
˿֮㿪ʼĿ
һᣬ۾ָǶ΢Ļ磬һΡʵ̫΢ˣͨĵƻ𶼱Ȳ㴵֮ܽϨȫ߱˵
Ҫ֪ڵϣճΪϵߵʱ򣬿ǲԼķˡ
ԭΪһЩԼܹѸٻָܣڿ黹ûô򵥡
ʲôط⣿
ܿ侲˼еԭ
ϸĸӦ磬㷢֣֮ô΢ΪϵԪ̫ϡˡ
ԭʵԭ򡭡
ڻϵߵҲǿǿǶԻԪ׺Ķ١˵Ӧþ츳
磬ֻӵ츳ˣܹȻֻԷ٣
㣬ǳͬ
ԻϵԪûһ׺ôðȻĽڴȷǻ˵ġ
壬ӵ츳ԣž߱
ʣ̫ˡ


5 ҵŭ
֪ߴ˿ڵƺӳ棬ӵ츳ˣǰٷ֮һѡٷ֮һ棬󲿷ֻ֣һЩʣֻһС֣Ŵﵽһ츳
ӵ츳ģƺӳǣҲʮ˶ѣ˵ǸɶõšҲΪˣҲŻĬһ
ҪԼʲСĬĬ뵽
ȻϣģܹǣڴӵԽȴǾԵġ
Ϊڵϣһλɮõһ׽Ҳ׽ʹ̥ǣԪص׺ŵԳΪΨһһλSĻϵߡ
˻
ֻǣҪʱؿڵľʹȴʹһٴȥ
ԼˣؿڴѣϵδȬǸҲû취ȥϰ׽
˾Ÿͷ
Ӳ鿴һɵ̾Ϣһ
ˣҪָɲף޸Ҫһö߼˵ҩ
ĸ߼ҩҲǼֵǧҵİƷļͥġ
Ϊҩ֮ʣһ˼·
ſš
ľűõñٰ죬һͷ
ʱҲѣһ˵ɫֱӾȥ
㣬˭
İĽкɻʵ
ȥ
ԺӵĴ⣬һȥܰ׾ӣ׳˶Ĵǵʲô
ʲô£
Ժ֮һĮĿˣҲûа顣
ӰһۣȻˣǸûУ
˲ñ䣬һɺɢӵİϡ
֪Ϊʲôǰ⻨껪ŮһַǳΣյĸоﵽ׵ĻҲûа㰲ȫС
ǼСûκιϵ߰ɡ
⻰Ҳ΢΢һ㶣漴Ȼ޹أҼ˽Щ飬ɲҪᡣ
϶һ㺮˪ѾЩ˵⡣
ҵС̣ڻѧԺ֮һ컪ѧԺѡεУĳĹһ飬˵ǸѾƸˡ
ңȻǽҪǸĴ󴬡õѾǰ֮ȻҪϵ
һߣСڲˣ߰ɣﲻӭǡ
䣬ʶô
ӵɫҲһǳ⣬ִⲻǰѻ˵壬պҪǻҵĺ£ҵŭǳе𣡡
㣬ǽɣ
һʱ򣬷ڴ򶨵
߳Žŵӣҵˣ


6 һ
Ҳһǰɫ԰׵ˣ𣿡
վվȵӣӵɫ˱ġ
ǡ
ҵĹ£ҼҼ˵ˣǸ˷ѣԺ󣬰˹ӣȥǼСˣ
ӴЦóһһңɢɢľϣֵ
СӣҪ㣬Ͱӷѵ㣬պŵҵˣ⣡
ҲЦСӻΪԼǹȥǸ߸ϵأ
·߲˵ķʲôȥүȣ
񣬾Ϸʡ
ԭ˵ҪģǰǼҴС˫ԣõǼʲѣڣǸ߸ϵŵȻֵǰڼš
ǵĳŪûǰķŭ飬෴ģֺֺֻЦ
Ȼʮ꣬ԶԶֹЩڵϣڰ¼Ҳû⼸ҵūţû
ôžҪƲϵζĿʵ
ǶμУ̿ӽ𣬶ɵСܿ㱻ǣűߣԼû뵽ȴֻǼҶѣϲ⣬Īڴˡ
ô
ôһ˵ܼѹвȰ㻹ʶ㣬ƺӳôһˣû˻ע⡣
Ͼڣ˵һеˣԼҲˣҲǵǣ᲻һеȥỊ̃λү̲һЩУҵ̿ɾҪˡ
Ǻǣܼˡ
ϸֳһĨЦ⣬ҪƲϵģҶңҺദ٣Ϊ˱ȴѰ֦Ʒԣжûȥˣպϵ͵ҾһҰ
ܼҾúЦﻹǴԲѣѵԼзһ졣
һ뷭Ц⸱ӣպ䶼㣡
һԵļҲЦѡ
һ䣬Щūżƽϣἰ䣬Ͳˡ
ǲЦ޹أЩҹȥ
һӣһɾѾ
ܼɫһ±ò԰ףؿػѪҲ˵ɳȥˤ˸ࡣҲǲҽһļˤڵء
㡭ʲôаܼǿ˫ȲҲʪһƬ

ֻһܼƺ˶뵽޼Уžԩֳ꣬ץ

ֵĴһ亹죬һ㣬ײײıܳȥ

ȥȴס
˵ˣǴʰɾߣ
Ѿɥæҵʰһ֮ǱҲƵ˳ȥͷҲһء
ǵıӰһɻ󣺡С⵽ô£ǲʲôң
ʼ磺˭֪Ƿʲô裬һӦòˡ


7 ƴ
ҵˣʱ˼һô
˼ǰǾãƺӳʼղӦԼľ֮أҪ뿪ȴҲûô򵥡
ǡܹѧԺ

Ϊ׳Լʵÿһ涼趨һѧԺ
ڣģǡ컪ѧԺѧԺ롰ѧԺ׵ıǡ컪ѧԺ
ѧԺһֱҲ롣
ֻϧΪӭ컪ѧԺһȵ̵ʵŴȥȴڼ䣬컪ѧԺ
컪ѧԺ˸츳ʵ⣬һ涨ֻʮ£Ҳ˵ѾʮѾע컪ѧԺԵˡ
ǰ𣬿϶ᴹͷɥɥʧ־ڵȴΪ⡣
Ҫͷأɲֹн컪ѧԺһ·ֻҪ컪ѧԺˣȫڽŵ£͵ˣ

ҪҪģҪȻָϵƲУֻǣһ뵽۵ĵҩͷʹѡ
ֻʦܹƵҩ𣿡
ϼ䣬ѯʣڶʦһ˽⡣
ҪΪʦȵһ㣬Ҫ߱Խ˵ľ
˿ڸߴƺӳǣ߱ˣҲǶʮ˶ѡҲǵʦݸ߸ϵҪԭ֮һ
ΣǾʵ
ҩ޺ˣּ۸񣬶ƽܹġԣһʦЩͥ
ң˵ǰڵѧͽǮϰĽ׶ΣǳΪʦҲٷ֮ٵĳɹʡ
˵ƺӳʦĻ᳤ƵҩҲﲻɵĳɹʡ

һ˾ĿǰľԲ
˵ҲܹΪݵλߵʦأ
ţƽѾõĺЩһ
ڵǹ¶ɾٸߣҲûжĳɾ͸УΪҲˡڲһˣǿǻ˭۸ˣ
ţ㽫˼תƵʶ֮ڡ
һûü̽Ѱ΢硣
粢ǺʢҡҡקקأƺʱпϨ𣬵ȴǿĴţȼš
ʲôЩɻΪ棬ǲӦóʶڵĶѾ֪
ֻǣϣƺŴػӰӡ
ûʲôŵʼСþӽ桭
ܹ죬ûȸУ෴ģ֮ڣӦһЩأɬķţģ
ڸоӦòΣ֮Ӵ˾ȣȫȫĽоڣһķϡ
ܳһʱĹ۲ŵĿų׵ĳǰ
ֹѪˮһ䣬޺һöѪҺƳɵãֹѪˣָ
ⶫƣ˼ãһּ䣬ãػڸֳţƺΪصġơ
ƣעصľǴС
ƣǴϹʱġңǸʱǳԵ֡
һЩǿ󣬳޷ƣǾֻд½ΪǿڲЩ
Ҳ˵Щǿܱ֮˥һԭ򣬾ΪЩƵĴڡ
ԣƴУǷǳҪġ壬ţὫԼȥһЩǳĵͼƣܹڴ½ͨ
öֳϢжϣһöƣ
ֻǣöȴһָ


8 ⲻ
һֹܹѪĵҩܹһöңֹѪ˹ЧĵҩǼ۸ٶҪ
һö߼ƣ
һ
öǴȥֻƺӳǷʦĻ᳤
ǣȴֻԵһŶѡ
ʱɵĵһڳŻЩķţڣһƬ𾪣þòɢ
Ż棬ֹǻǰ򵥡о̫أĳλǿߵĴһ
ֻϧھ̫Ӧʲô֮ͬ
ֹҪ壬Ҳ¡˾
ȻԺҪߵ·֮ǾͺðˡΪˣãֻڴϣĿ
ûнݾԣҪʱۻ
ߵǶʱ棬ȻһԼľʽ
ȡΪԪ
۾ûжãת𡰻Ԫ
Ԫһתԭƽʶòƽƺһεڴ߶ЩԭֹľеʽתʱеȴûпתԪĺģǰľӣ滻ǣǶڷҡҷĻ硣
ڼ˼ҲһЩɫȻؿڶѵĹû޸ǣȴҲ߶ˡ
˽֪ڰ󣬾ǻģѧԺӡ
ԣҪָƲС
ںڣƣҲ߱ˣΨһǷȱģƵҩĲˡ
ֻǣϵǮòҲ鷳˵
ǵãƺֻҪԳӵгΪʦ츳ܼӲ빫ᣬܹʦȡһöҡ

ƺӳǵܣŹ϶ʵǽߣЧֹħ޵롣ʽ˵ƻֺ꣬Ҳܡʽ¡ʯ̾͵ĽֵϣַǷ
ڳе룬ȫҲظۡ
棬һʽĸۡģ˿ȳѷɫ֡ɽŵܽǸ߸߾𣬾ƶɵһŵУһĽɫͼ档
ƺӳǵʦᡣ
·Щʦȥ
ǰһ帮ۡſڴֻʯʨĸվԣϷдС֣͸©һʢ֮
ܾʱſڵĸȴƺϳ
ϣⲻſô߸·ҪŮ˷ˣһúĳ


9 ۿ˵
ҲżЦﻹСһأ
·Ҫ˷󡣿
޼ɵĳ·ڶ·˶׷ײĿǵӣϵ·˶Ǹеϧҡͷ
õˣôһˡ
ǣ˵ɻΪС˵ģҶȴܲʡ
˼СڴϴȨҵĹӣأôܳ桭
꣬С㣬ˣȻҪ¡
Ȼָָ㣬ǣȴҲû˸վ˵Щʲô
⼸ĳ÷ĿԲ΢΢
㣬غЩŹһʶ
Ŀбӣ⼸˵ƣоͺǼСڱһŭ
˵䡣
õõá
һƥͷɳ۶Ϊ׵һƥѩƤëѩ
ٶȣͨƥÿһƥֵǧ
ʱͷѩϣȴһ޵Ů︮ţһ˻¶
޳̣˫Ŀ棬·磬һʵȺ˿ŮС֣Ц
Ůݾ£˫糺죬ǣ֣ȴҲûз˼˫͸©˿˿⡣
Ůµ̣
蹫ӣС㡣
ɫһ䣬ϻһͽɫӭȥ
Һģô£
ǻ蹫ӵ꣬һɫʵ
⡭
⼸ɫʱЩӲʱ̣֨֨صĲ˵
̴ʱҲ𣬶ʱϵ糺ͽ˲仯ΪУҲЩͷȥֱӡ
Ȼǲ˵ǣ蹫Ѿˡ
ġ
蹫һĨâ΢Ц̵С֣
𣿡
ʾſԼֱνġС
ЩҲ˵ˣ̶ĺѣң̶о֮ȻѾл㣬ǣΪ̶δ򣬻ǾöǷ
蹫תǵĻȸŨˣһӣԸλһл񡣡
˵գûйͣһǣ̣һǣǼֵǧѪ߽
ҲУ˲һֻ϶ѣûԼţǰ˵ŮҪˣб£ң
ʼգ̣ûж˵һ仰
壿һâԴĿ˵ˣ̫ˣ˲ȵ£ǲ֪ߵغġûʱ˼ƽϡ
㣬ߡ
һߵ䣬תʦȥ
Сӣվס
һһǰݺݵĵ𣿡
û˵Ŀ
ٺ٣ҼүʴȣҸлһûҪ߰һЦӿڴץһСӣҪӺˣ
ꡭ
һеһöұһ΢ƿֱš
˽Ϯվߵ䣬Ҳûа취ֻĿöңԱߵˣתȥߵͷĿѪȵһĻ
ƺɵһöӣϵЦݸŨˣֻǣЦݺܿͽӲ
ડ
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10 ʦ
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Ϊһֱߣ伸ɣǰѾܵˡ
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ԳŪĻɫ΢΢Ǻ죬ҧȵ쵰Сӣȥ
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ʱһУʱЩңܵʲôײһ˳ȥ
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ΪĶÿһǰޱȣһܹĵġ
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ʦǼٵģԴȡһλʦĺøУֵõġ
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£׳Ĵ󺺱˽һ뺷ϢõΧˣá
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һԥӣʵӮˣʲôô


12 
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13 ¼¼
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ԣںСʱһֱϼרĵԴ޷
ڣðһСӣȴﵽĵزгԽļһĴ
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28
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һľãöƵļ۸񣬾Բֹڴˡ
ң츳֮ˣ빫󣬸ܻùıӻһõ۾һ


14 
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ǣǶϸ̫ˣҲûáΪƽȻ޷ʹþⲢľͲڡ
ڲǴ׾ľǿȣ൱ǶϴĽ׾ˣЧͻǶԷָͣܵһķɣ
ڵľȴߵĽϣԲһһǰļ򵥣ѰĽ׵ˣҲûǰǿȡ
ңԾĿȻûԹǣܹӰ쵽׾ˣ
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15 ҵı
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ƶͨң˻ȥǸȥȡңǱԣó̬ȱ㷢˸ı䡣
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16 ҩ
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۸ʵĻҪһԹʮ䡣
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ˮҲû취ȥ
ûģһ﹫עġʶһ׮õĴȻǻϲӦ

䲻֪ԼôصеģǰһЦСţȴû˵
ʦڣʵ̫ˣһѶľϣΪֻһξѡ
㣬Ժңҿţ
ĳˣˡ
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ټǿչҲֻǸŮӶѡ
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ҹ䡣
ûмȥʮݲϣԺУϵþճöƵ챡
һȥˣɻڽ裬˾ϰԪָ˱ϰһҲͣЪ
ѧԺֻаʱˣʱǳȣҲĻᣡ
ڲֹҪöƣһҪƳܹιϵĴˡ
Ǳ֪ļƻ϶ǻ֮Աǣǣȴ룬ҲһҪ飡
ˡ
һ۾˫޹Ķճһµûʱǰöصƣ㿪ʼ͡
һ罫Ρ
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ǲ
һ΢СʧѾ˽һƣѿʧڿС
ϣȴ˿٣˫֣Ƕݵͣ٣ٴ¿ʼ֯µơ


17 źһ
Ҫ볹ȫպһöƣͨʦҪʮ꣬츳ģҲҪʮꡣ
ԣܹƳҩʦһ͵ߡ
ţϰУͻȻ򣬲ܹڶ̶̵ļʱڣƿơ
ʮȥˡ
Ѿܹ۳ƣұֲɢ
ǲ
һֱ쵴ڶߵüͷ𣬡ű˲ӡ
ȻȻܹɢǣԲ̶̵ʱڣ֮Ƴҩ
벻ССƣȴ˵աп
ڵϵʱκμܣܹȫƿأԣΪܽľţ
ǣȴסˡ
԰ԹʱȴûµĳɹȥĻǽƽ𾪣
ҪְܱʱԼĿ꣬ϰ
߶ȱУľҲѸٵţǰʵ׼ѾǽӽĽ۷ĵز
Ҳ˵ѾѹƴĽ׾ˣԿ׾ǿˣ
Щȴȥעһģϰϡ
򲻸ˣڴĿꡣ
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֮ԶԼҪôϸҪԭ򣬻Ϊޡ
ˡ
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ԼķӣֹѪݱʧֻʣһСɫҺ
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˵һεĳɹӿƵٶȣһڣ㽫ʣµݲϡ
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ǰһݲ۵ľȴûҪͣ˼
Ҫ
·ضԶҪϵȡ飬պȷʱпܳɹ

ͷһһȫӿע뵽ƵУʱƹâһϸСȻ˹һž
Һ״ľܵƵĴ̼ȴǱҰޣʼͣҪѡ
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ȻһεʧܣҲɲ˶ʧǣȴԸô׵ط

ȫ߶ԪԺľХӿͫ׵һ磬ڷȼա
ҲתĹڷ񣬴ʶǶҲǣһ˿۲ɼĻǱ룬˳ľע뵽öƵС
ˡ


18 
ͻȻ䣬ƹ⻪һĵֱǴݿĴݻҩķߡ
΢Ȼ䣬ҩֻһСѷĩѩһ㣬
״عһСľУЩĩѸװãܷ⡣
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ڷһ˲䣬Īرӿһǿŵԭʧܣ˳ɹ
֮ԻСɢĴڣʵ˵ˣߣ޷׼ȷĿʱѹ˳ɵűˡɢ仰˵ɢʵǲдƷ
ֻǣдƷҩԣȴǱȡ¶Ҫϼԣϣÿһɢļ۸񣬶һöϣ
һεĳɹȴֻǸ˲ƸҪŪˣôܹƳġҩ
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19 ߼ɫ
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20 
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ףΪλʦôԵ޹ʵģȻͰ˺


21 ʮʦ
Ǵȥ϶ΪԼŭλʦӶ۵尡
ֱһ
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ʱΪһԼ㣬ԣ˶־Ҫ컪ѧԺͷء
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ܼ۾С۾ھǺ֮ɫã˵ȥһƶ

顭
һԺǰľֱѣľмĽȥܼ̽ӣ׳ֱӳ˽
ǣ
ԺűҵʱӷԺ⼸֮˸˸
СҵСˣ
ߣܼҵʮĵ۴

֪ڴʲô⣬һͷˮĿ
գʧһǧöң˲͵ָܱ˵ע⡣


22 ҹȥ
͵ԣĸ磬Ϊʹ޵顣
ԣܼҴʱЩΧ۵ˣָָ㡣
ЩĿ⣬õ԰ףǰͱ˵ܼңֱָܼңѪˣ͵ҵĽңʲô֤ݣ
֤ݣ
ķ䣬ܼ۾һĨ⣬ԱߵǸ̽˵ǽн
һᣬ߰һӣ˽
乺޺˵̯
⼸֮ӿһɲõԤС
˵˵Ů̯λ˶ٽҵ޺ˣʵ˵ܷ
һʮҵ޺ˡ
һʮҡ
һʮöҡ

˼ѾǽӽöˣȺУҲ˱һ󾪺
԰öҼĽףЩƶ˵֣һӶĲƸ
ԣǰл̬ˣʱɻɫ
벻һΪĵ벻ǾȻˡ
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ֲָħǰڣ˹ȥ
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ôһȿԴǼֵٽҵ޺ˣܹܽؽη󻼣νһ˫ð
ţԼеԼˡ
Ѿţص󣬼ҪôԼˡ
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ŸʲôҴߣؽηȥܼҳʹ˸ɫǶץˡ
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ܼҲҵһۣûʲôΪɱɱҲǺҪ
ڣȻǽһգǣһȴ˸ɽ񻢵ãԺҪ鷳ɾҪԼķˣ
ڣֻԱҪҲûǸֻڼº󣬿ѧԺٴӳ顣

ߣܼ̽ӵķ£һʧĻصң־⸱ģɴüͷţǲҪܼˣ
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һ٣һɧζʱƿڴ
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ɱԼƶǲмԼСﶯǸ֣
ʲô
־䱻𾪵ǵֶһĿĵԽһӸת


23 

־Ժֻһͷ
Լƣ¶˺ôľģŷġ
ʶ˵۹⣬ĳպسɴָܹͻƴ徳ﵽߵľ磬ԣŲȥƽƽݣԼŮȥӽ
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Ϊһε̫ϳϣǻʦ֮һ
ǿҲǵһˣôҲⲻȻ

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ˡ
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ĥϵУԼʮңڣҩתɹ̬۳ɵ


24 ٺ޵
ʱĸ£һ̣ƳԼĵһöҩ
ҲʹʮѾΪһλƴʦ
ĸ°ӵ츳ʦԼľû취׼ȷƣͱȥˡ
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һƬȺ泯յУȴһ䳰֮
ȥ˱㿴һ򵥲µŮ߽浱С


25 ̨
˿̣ԭȻ죬ƺӳѧԺϰ䳡ϣȴЩ䳡ԽԽˣĿԸ볡Ůϡ
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ʱϱǷһ˿̨ǵӰĿ⣬𾪡
ΰҵȷǲݰǣ۷ʵҲǰ裬ҪһлǴﵽĽ׾磡
ѵ˵ʮ𣬾ѾĽ𣿣
Ȼһ㣬˾ȵǣѵͲ鷳𣿻˵㲻һУһ
飡
̨ϣһĻ־һƾһԵľϣʱľķѣϵĲ豭Ҳһء
ߵˣܹܵŭ׷׶Ǳͣͷ۲첻˵
ԭ־λᣬڰףȴûϵҡ
˶
־һݶҧˣھŭ𣬵ȴҲǳλʦֻѡãҳ֡

٣ݰɺã
վ̨ߣǻûΰҵس
ԭΪû˲û⻰ֱ֮󣬶̨ϵڣԹ֮ɫ
ΰҵʱҲǱŭͷԣԲŻһʱ⣬³
Ȼ˲أǣʱǳΪȫ˵һˡ
٣ѵѵⲻ֪ߵغСӰɡ
һԣһƽʮ֮꣬Щֺõ˵̨꣬
֣ôȥˣ
²ŵʮ꣬ôȥ
ҪˣֿǴĽ׵ǿߡ
ȥ̨֮Ҳһ֮ɫǳͬ顣
ǱΪ飬֪飬֣ΪֺңԼ涼ҪˣҪԴС
Ľ𣿡
ҲϵϷ֮ɫһĨء
ЩȻָĲ࣬ȴɻǱڴ۷λϣ޷ͻơ
ĶУҲ˽⵽Ľ׵Ĳ
Ǵʱȴ
ս
˿ڣվ⣬һ㳯ֳȥ
֪
һĨмȭͷԺ˹ȥ
飡
һȭ֮£ʱ󲽣Ŷ֣ȴֻǵһСѡ
¶ٷ֣
һĻ̨µ䣬ҲЩţ˫յĺֻܽҪ£ͻʱ̨
ӦĽ׳ҡ
˦˦ЩƣһĨ⣬û˿ͣ٣ٴγȥ
һʱ棬˱㿴һδαˣһδȴȥƺһ֪ƣĹһϵĽš
ҲķǰҲôƴǵ£Ȼ벽
ԣǳƶҲߵһ
ȥɣ
ҲǱŪķʤʱһȫ׷ڵ˵е
飡飡飡
Ľ֮£ûзֻ֮ܲϵĺˣ˫֣ҲѾǱľ
ۿҪ˳̨
ˡ
жһ̾Ϣ
׵һѾǷǳĲˣţκһȥһ
һĻ־䣬ϵɫҲ΢⡣
ȥɣ
ٴγȭ
Ҳ䣡
ҧأٴγȭ֮ʣڣȴͻȻӿһͬʱ˲䱬˳ȥ
䣡
˴㵵Ŀ£ֵ˳ȥһֱʮ󲽣סΣǣֻȭƣȴѺףҶѡ
ԭӦñ̨ȴһδˡ
ͻˣ
ƺ˶õһճȭͷһĨϲ
ؼʱ̣ڳɹͻƵĽˣ
ֵˣ
һٴγ֣ٶȱȷſһֹ
һʱڣ̨ϵľ˷תֱƵˣûı̨
ȫž
̨ϵ־ϼҼͬʱվڶǳ˲šһԵƺӳǳˣҲһľȡ
˭ϵȻ̨ͻƣ


26 ڴ
ʮ꣬Ľ׾磡
Ϊƺӳǣֻһ˴ﵽǾ־Ĵӣΰġ
ǣΰĵ츳ȴĵȣ
˸е𾪵ĵط

ʱ̨ϵֱӶŸ̨ϵ־˵Щծֻģ
˻һ־ɫȻ䣬Ŀ⣬ǳɱ
ӲǴ󻼣
ǣܿ־侲
Ȼҵ˵ԼǾǴоԵĵԼһ֣£ԼԵѡ
ԣֻĿʾִҡڵ뿪˳ء
ǰʱ䣬ƺӳѧԺΪѸٵĴС
ʮĴĽǿߣ
޲е𾪣׷׶Ǵ̽ʱ
֪ʱֶ
ңƺӳǿνһ죬ȴȥҵȨһúõĻ
еĵ˼
ΪһеǣȴصУʼ׼
ʱ뿪ˡ
ȻϵѾָôҲóȥһˡңѧԺҲһµʱ䣬ÿһ·һ·ȥ
ƺӳǣ˵ʵڵģûа
㽫Լ뷨˵˳
ȻˣǾġ
ҲֻǳĬ㻹ǵ˵ͷ
Դӳ֮ţ;úѹ֣Ҹ־Ǳж
뿪Ҳõѡ
뿪֮ǰһҪһңǣһĨζĻȡ

ʱ硣
ңûΪϴε¼ܵӰ죬෴ڸиҵ⣬չݱϡ
ԭȻңһЩӦԴ
Ϊˣֺҵ˾͸ˣЩ˾ûϹ
죬һλϵſڣĳλ־վſڣЩеĻһֱûкϹ
ǰȻΪƺӳǵĵͷߣȴҪѹһͷڣ˶֪ƺӳκ飬ֻ¶˵㡣
죬Ǿͱ
˵
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ϼҼ
쳹ԭӵȺÿһ·˱㿴Щӣһ˿Ĵ󺺣
ˣ־ϵЦݸˣҲСӭȥ
ϲϲԵһСЦɣ
ĿƺӳǳҲһЦݣ־买ֵϲ־λνǣȴǱˡ
Էˣ˾ҵңôⰡ־Ȼô˵ţȴֱӽӹݹС
ңҲǰǰΪֱǽԷõƺӳǳкǲã
ǻവ֮ʣյϣȴһŮ
ŮźأȴҲпŮòһ˼ϱһҲûУҪԶУȴƫƫֹǹŹ֡
һ䣬־һۣʱĿ㶨΢ЦϣϵЦݣҲֱӽֱ

˵ħ֣ÿĳ֣Ҵõ顣ڣ־ҲΪԼġ
ǲ𣿡
𣬿ƺӳΪŵ֮һرǰ飬Ǽ¡
ֻǣȴףһٵƣΪҶѡԵأ
С˸ӣɲַĵط
һŶСΪֺң˳ǰıӺǳ
Ǻǡ
ҲŭĿֱ־ϣʵҲ˼
ʲô־üͷ塣
ȻܹƺӳǳưԣǣҲܹǵһλʦ
Ĺ߿סҵ·ˡ
⻰һСʱŭˣ۾Ҫ֡
ס֣־估ʱҳ߿첽
ҪǶСڣλֻҲɣ
ţϱ亹졣
С£ͽҴС
ҹһȥ
Сһֺõӭȴ־һƸȵڵأˣһãȻԼΪλᰤһơ
ŶǹӦſڵϡǴһĨζЦ٩
㵽ʲô
ǰһЦ꣬־ӿһɲõԤУĿҲĴɨţƺҵλصʦ
ʲô
΢΢һ䣬Ȼ˵ģ
ԭֵſڣʱȴЩ˵Ŀ⣬־ϡ
ˣ
ȷǷһʱȣﻹܹ󴬣
־伸οڣȴû˵
ǰ𣬸öʮöңǾͿĴˣڣһңҲݡ
ʦرһλʦȱٵľǮˡ
Ҫô㣿־̽Եʵ

ҡҡͷɫ䣬ǷʲôҾҪֻʲô
־ʱɫ
ǷģȻһ
𵭵ɨһֻۣ֣΢΢һץȴţȻպϣƵ
飡
Ծ𣬾Ŀ֮£һҴϣʱűķѣľмĽȥ
쵰
߻ټţ־۾һӴƣȻӿΧǵһҳ
ʵΪ磬Ҽ֮λʵȻ
ֻǣҪ֮ʣȴоһεľԼΧʱһͰˮͷϣ˹
ʱΧҲľ˶˼ĿһĻ
߻ټţ˦һơ飬˵ңЩСˣǲݵ飡
Ϊ־Ҫնɱʱϵȴʧ١
ɻѡ
ֻˣƺӳǳʱЩζ־䡣
֪վһͨ־ҲҶ֣ȻпܸҴһѣ
ϧˣôӲͦİɡ
ȫȻҵ˵ĸܣƺ󣬲־䣬Ƿҵһֻ֣ˣ
̫ˣ
־΢΢ȭͷקĿɱˣ֪˶ٻˡ
ԭǽ賤ȫȨ԰԰Լҵ磬ȴûϵᱻڴ
رǿƺӳǳĨζиŭգ
ҹݣԴ˵ʱѵͲù𣿡
һĨĻȡ
ʵǰɲ͵ֻ߻Ҵˡ
־Ĭˡ
˵ˣһУʵΪȭͷ˵㣡
㣬ߡ
Ŀһۣ䣬һͬĴȥԭ۷׷ס


27 
֮䲢ûֱ˳ŴǰУȺɽ֮ء
Ǻڤ֮ɭҲҪ֮
ǵһΣġһΣҪһͬ˳ڤ֮ɭΧ򲽽
ôһֿܹԸ·νһ˫á
ƺӳǺžһᣬ˻ڣҲ¶ɵЦ⡣
ֻǣڽӽڤ֮ɭΧʱϵɶʱ
ڤ֮ɭ޺ˣҩҪԴ֮أԣرӽΧΧشε
Щ˲ɱЩܵΧħޣɱԽ飬Ҳ
ʱо಻Ŀ⣬Լɨţʱµٶȱӿࡣ
ٺ٣Сߵô𣿡
һ𣬱׳ǰǵĿ⣬Ƿϣ۾˿ڸǡ
䣬ĶأСòȻǱǿǿзˡ
棬ŮӿɲرòŮӡ
ǣϧǵˡ
ΧһЩҲ붯ֵˣ׳ڶһĨϧվԭأ׼Ϸ
Ľ۷壬һס
þһɨ㽫ǵʵУʱǱһĨζĻȣڵ٣ֵǮĶһ
һõԭأƬ̣ŷӦ
СƨͷɣҪңվмĴƿڴЦ˶Цᶼˡ
һǵһμ˴ٻЦôĵˣѵӻˣҲЦĺܿģԭǡ
Сӣ˵˭ӻˣ˶ֹͣ˴ЦƢǣֱǰֱ
飡
ֱӳȭؿڣûзǣʱģˤڵء
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СӣȻҶүү֣Ҳ㣡Щ۵ؿڣŭǰ㣬
ء
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ʹ˸ɫǱЦĳȥ
ٺ٣СˣԹԸү߰ɣұ֤źġľ߹ģĽھ⡣

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ء
ڴһ㵵Ŀ£ǲ㵹˻ڵϣԶؿڣѪվ
ܣ
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ߣҲһӦһȭɣѪ˫ַ顣
Ȼ޷Ľ׵ƴ
ĨȥǵѪֱóһƿش¶£Ǳߵ״üһɱ
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㣡
һĨֱϮԺʱǱҽеء
ԭ֣˭ôʶôǱ㳯ؿڲ¡

Ŀѣ䣬Ŵ󴸣ֱӳɱڵĳ˹
һ̧ͷĶӼ䣬Ǵ뵽˱޼Уצֳץʱŵҵĵ˼ȴһȭڼϣһѪ۾ɵϴ󣬻ĵȥ
ţԼǣȻζɵСëϡ
һĻΧЩĻ˶ǳȥ˻鷳

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ͬʱҲԼľ޷ֱնɱ׾ˣһһˣƻӦԲ
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ѵҪɱңӦԶǼǿϢɫܲÿȴҡ
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һĨɱ⣬ӿԼϣϢͣĸλֱһӡ󣬲䣬ٵ뿪
أ
ûʱӰط
ʧˣ
һھɻĿɨΧ㷢µĸӡʱеɻŨˡ
֣ȻӦСӵϢˣôģǳһӥǵӱ۾ã۾Ҳء
ٴԵ׷˺ܳһξ룬ûзټֻܽԼ˵ʵ
ߣҾͲţ㲻ȥӥŭĳһ
ֻܶе·ˣǸˣҲһֱСӡһˣҲЩε˵

ӭų⣬һªɽ˳㿪ʼһĳ
ϰģȻ׽
ԽϰԽǷ׽ĺô
ǰͻƴĽ׾磬̶̵ļڣѾȹĽڽչļ
Сÿϰ𣿡
ʩչһ׽ʮƺɽ߳ڳµɻʵ
֣ԽԽԼܵˣĪĳΪʦڸڰŪЩŹֵƣ벻Щܴʲôô
㣬
ӭųӰ䣬һʶ˵
ƶ죡
һ̣ϱΣ֣һĶͷ
ٺ١
ͷһ죬뵽ʻб⣬ص˵һλ˴ҵģ˵дãֻҪÿϰܹ츳
׽ȻΪǣȴܹȡؼľԪϴ裬׽ʹ̥ǣǱܵ湦Ч
һ˴˵漣ؼ磬ɸĹǶԴԼˣ˿˽


28 һɱ
ܹ츳
һ㶣ɵĿš츳ģ˵Уû˵˭Լ츳
ȻţЩ򵥵Ķܹ˼顣

ϵЦׯأһ߶һ߽Ҫ죬ȿͷƽ΢գأֱɼ磬ȫȻɡ
ԭЩԸǼһ󣬱ҲŶ
ܿ죬ͷ֣򵥵ļҪ㣬ȴǼܾȷ𲻶ϵָ£ǿǿĺϸˡ
ǣڤ֮ɭУˣ֮⳯£ڳһƣһ糿
ȻûʲôԵЧ仹һˬĸо
˲ûʰһ֮󣬱ٴζ
һ·ϣȼ͵ħޣնɱ׵ģѡáѡԪӵҲоա
ڵ죬ˡ
ףһף
ӣ
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棡
׷
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ء
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СֹȻʦ
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ǿһæתȴʲôҲûһʱ䣬ıٴαصȭһѪ֮
ڵϣУŭ
Լһ׵ǿߣȻСëˣˣ
С֣Ҫ㲻úóһƿش¶һںȹ⣬㳯ķٴ׷ȥ
ӦٶȲûмЩա
ôָģʣֻԼƵĻش¶ˣʱְʯͷԼŵĸо
ܲģȥҲ˷ʱ䣡֣ǿߵĺɼʱжôŭˡ
ҲҪ׷˵һƿش¶ȥɵǿ߸ŭա
ʱ׷𣬿ǺܺģʱһֱȻش¶Լ½أ
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һŹģ
ԶԶ˻ҲɱȻǺһĨĻȡ
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һͻ׾磬аգ䣬նɱǿߣ
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һŲϵͻȻ۾һƬ죬ģһŻ磬Ȼɢȥ
ͻˣ
ֱ׷ɱĻ£ڳɹĿǵؿ

³һоԶǸٽӽϢվһĨѪĻȣ˭أ
쵰ָ𣿡
ŴǶѻȼյһۣǿһĨա
Ѿǵڶˣרó׷ٵˣȻѾ˦ˡһ·׷ҲΪƣ
㣬ȥץֻȥٻءָһݵӷԸһ䣬߱һԵĴȥ
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ԶӵĿǿ߻ҲʹˣһӺȥСʱڻȻͲҪˣ
ǣ
վǰ뿪ķѸȥ
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Ȼ˵֪𲻹Ǵף䣬ҲĽףϴεĽȴҲС
Ҫ֪۷ˣҲû취ôԶ·׷ɱ
ȥ
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ţԱó׷ٵˣҽһ˵ڵأ鴤˼£ûϢ
ţ㿴֮ǵˣӲԶһ˳
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ܲľѾ൱׵ĳ̶ˡ
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Լʵ㹻ţҲţ׵ľܹκεԼ
Կ֪ˡ
˵䣬һ磬Ԩεľһֱ꣬ĵףݺݵײʶ֮ϡ
䡭
ֹǿߣͬһͬԺͬشУֹ
أ
ģһǰһȭֱû˿Ŀλãʱ߹Ǳ㰼ȥҲߵķݰ˳ȥһУ۾ɵϴĿ
Сû°ɡ
Ҳһۣصߣɫ԰ף۽ѪʱһĶ
ûлش𣬶ֱӾȥ죬ֱӾ˻Ԫȶʶڻҵľ
ǿһķҲʶܴǳֱŻָĲࡣ
̫дˡ
ŻЩ۵ԴҲ¶һĨЦ
һЩþţֱþȥǿʶĻڵϵľˡ
ǽ˵ľһôʦľѾ͵ĵģЩѾ
ˣ˲ķɡ
ȴҲڣϾʱѾҪԻѾǲܣУ䶼Ҫ꣡
ָĲ֮Ǳһ·ǰС
úһһεķɱ֮ʮԵ÷ƽ˾ûٴҵɱ֡
û˶һ෴ĸСˡ
ȻҼȻ֪ǿҲ޷ɱ´γֵģǾп߽ǿˣ
ǾԲڵܹġ


29 
ָѹĻ£ºһ죬ϰ׽֮ɹͻƵ׳ڡ
֮࣬ͬʱҲ𽥵˵
ķɽȴ̾ѣͬʱҲԽԽ棬䵽Ǽ츳
峿
һʱڤ֮ɭҲƺһųС
ԭӦý𣬴ʱȴڶš
Ŀׯϣ˫΢գֽȻȻĽ׽ʮʩչˮ
ԭͣҪȥ䣬һĻſС죬֮ϣվԭأĵȴ
ʱ뵽һ״̬һһ֮䣬ƺγһĪѭ״̬֮£ڣȻһ΢
һ֮ĶҲֹͣ
ô̵ʱ䣬Ȼ޳ˣһƬϲ
׽⿿ʮƵĶȻ޷ϴ跥ëģֻ޳ܹϴ裬׽
뵱ڵϣǻ˺üʱ䣬޳һڣһµʱ䣬Ѿһ㡣
ȻҲɵãϾʱսӴ׽ʱ򣬲û졣
ǣȻѾ޳ҲڿʼѾܹԼ츳ˣ
ֻҪȥܹƿԪʱ磬˭

ͣ
Уɫͻ䣬Ѹٵصһʯ֮
ھǴ׿ĵطʱȴǾۼˣȴһٲֿң˭Ҳҽӽǵٲ
ףʲôŨĻϵԪأ
Ȼûп壬ǣǵٲĺ棬ȴǸӦһɺŨĻϵԪصĲ
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˿̣ٲԱߣۼ˲ˣУΪǿƵˣ߽ǿߴӣԱߵˣҲһ˼ȥࡣ
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ǴʱҳȴЩᣬʲôʱѾǿһˣ
ڣȺԵˣ֪ԼôͣǶԼˡ


30 ·ƽ
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˵ԻһʵķԾΪԺ룬Ҫѹдĳ嶯

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31 
Уλ߽׵ĸڣֵһЩħޣǸ߽׵Ҳͱ˳ֽˣͼģ֡
ദҲЩȣ֣ΪȻĽף裬ȻѾĽ۷壬ֱ׷䡣
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32 ֮
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ĳΪߣôмĶ֣


33 ɫŮ
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ʱڣһʻ˹עıͷĳѪ
Ѫǧߣӯٶȿ죬ǿΪƷÿһƥֵңңֻǮûȨҲ򵽣
ȻƥѪţɼڵˣ֮
ؿǰͣһᣬ߳һλŮ
ʱϣеˣ΢΢ͣͣǱͳͫڣ⡣
Ůһ°ɫ˿ʽȹӯӯһյ֮ϣһɫ´պǽϸ֫չ˳
裬֬׶ü͸һɵĳ󣬿͵ٻգȴ͸һɾǧ֮ĵĮ
ˮһĵӣɵǣε°ͣ޳񾱣ǧ˿٣ɢӯӯһյ£̵ͦĽΣ޳ȣı޿ޡ
ˣ
˵Ժﶼֳĸ֡
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34 ֮Ů
ȻûĸܹȵĹǣҲǶԼԣڹǰȴҲСĺܡ
ǻʼҾӣҲһݣĴñӿ˵壬Ҳܲ
ˣɫѿǹ˼ɶԷݣͶˡ
ѵŮԪ˧Աߣ
ӣȻӯӯС㶼ʶ
Զ˳ЦЦʶǳ
λֵܣѵʶλΧˣǿˡ
ǵԪ˧ɽΨһ飬ӯӯС㣬Ȼʮ꣬ȴѾǴ׵ĸ֣
ڴĿ£˵˵ʱȺһ󾪺
ʮ꣬ף
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Ž֮Ůκη棬Ҳκ覴á
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ԴʱҲǸŭԣǱȼ壬Ǳ츳ԶԶǰλŮ
ҳһ֮ʱŵ·ݹҲ棡
ӯӯȴ˿˼ĸܣһ֮жһƥѪϣ㳯Զڤ֮ɭȥɫ첻ɭվԭء
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ΪӯӯŮȴҲòпôĲƽõĶͬһϡ
츳ȫ
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ϷԵı仯£˴ݵ߽Ȼݵ¡
ǰȫˡ
ΪڣϽɱ˵ģ˫ԸޣȻˣ

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ΪѧԺĹϵһ·ʮҿջסˣ䣬ֻһһҵȥ
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ûһϷ
˵⻰ʱǵСǵĿ˺ɣǿϷҪʮһ졣
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۾һУóˮֱ˦СϣʱϱϽҰˣ
СӣѵûҼүҪס𣿡ȻóˮһԵǻȴˡ
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𣿡
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ƵɫһǲǵĽɫȻҪȴһס
үǻǻջɡǻȰϾºܲǡ
ߺǵСᣬǿᣬҲֻѡЭź׵ӣס
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ʦᣬҲƺӳǵҪԻ͵Ķ࣬էһǹŴۻʵĹһôİ
߽ȥԹһǰʮ֪ͨߡ
λ磬ҩ֤ıߣסһ·ʵ
Ҫ֤ҩ
ӻȽ飬˵Ҳ֤Ǿһ߰ɡ
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Ȼ֮á
Ʋ˽⵽ΪҩҪõ֤ܹóȥˡ
ΪʦȺ壬ʵ̫Ӵˣ
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Сиûе顣Ҳ£ʦȺβ룬ҩϸ
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ҡҡͷ˵õʦʦ֤飬֤Լһλϸʦҩ֤򡣡
ᵽӱһȣɫ


35 ʦ
Ҫôõʦ֤أһܹ˾
̫ˡ
ᵽ㣬ӱйƤһ˵ܹƳɢʦʸȡ
ֻһֻƳͨ¶ѧͽѣɢкңԶһξ롣
ŶֻҪƳɢ𣿡
һĨ⣬ѯȥ֤ʦ·ߣȻɻ󣬲Ϊָ·ߡ
ߵߣȴ˼죬뵽֤ǰ棬ǲ˶ѣңѾ͵ˣѰ׷
ɼҪΪһλʦжѡ
Ǽʮ˽ʱ򣬶ǲһ㶣ڶǳɫ
ҪƳɢǱǾĳۻֻܿµĳ߲˽ݾ
һʮСëܹꣿ
ǲܵ飬ǴʱǽǸֵ˰ˣҲǽǲ֪صˡ
ãһλŮһλߣҲ˽
᳤
һֱڲ̨ǰĲԱλ֮æվĻ
᳤á
μӲԵˣҲ׷ʺá
ʣλ棬Ϊ׳˶ߣʦ᳤ܻԬƣҲǻʦ֮һ
ʦڵһģȻλ᳤ܻڶλԻʼҵĹλҵ̫ϳϡ

Ŀ䵽λŮϵʱҲһĨޡ
λŮڽʱģλԪ˧֮Ůӯӯ
μӲԣѵ˵Ѿɢˣһ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮ƳɢȫʶڵǶ磬ǰŮȴƾʵʵ
СѾͷԼȥŶӰɡ
Ԭֻ΢΢˵ͷǶߵӯӯ˵
ʱ˱㶼ӯӯµ𣬶ʱҲһĨ죬ȴҲ⡣
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ʱֵˡ
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ڼ¼츳ָʱ򣬲ԱͻȻ̧ͷǾȵĿǰµ꣬ƺЩš
츳ָﵽʮϵĻǾѾ߱ΪʦǱˣ
һԣԬҲ΢΢һĿҲı䣬ֻǣȴһĨɻڡ
츳ָﵽʮĻǱȻһ䶯ˣ壬ʼҶȡ䵱Уȴûˡ
ѱ
ҲпܵģʱȴҲûƣϾ츳ָﵽʮĻֻʮ꣬ϣҲǻһ衣
ԱߣûȥˣҲɫ죬ֻǰԬڳԣҲûпʲôĿ⣬ǳ˲м
츳ָﵽʮĻܴô᣿
Ψһûжɫģվӯӯˡ
Ҫ֪ľ츳ָǴﵽ˾˵ʮ
ԣȻΧ˷У츳ﵽʮˣ۾棬츳ʮʮû
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ǡ
ͷЩڨڨ˵û׼ϣ֪ܸܲһݲϣ
ѾȫҵɲϣƳɻش¶ڻش¶ûȥ֮ǰȷûнȥˡ
㡭
⻰ԱѾнҵˡ
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ǲ֪ء
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ˣҲͣǲԱĲϺ󣬱뿪ȥ׼ȥˡ
ӯ˵ҪһݾϲǾͿʼɡ
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츳ǿԾǿ
ѾͣҪٽһϣãԣ㽫еľԼϡ
Ȼˡ
ûãӯӯ㽫вϣҽ֮¶
һĻ˶ĵͷ
ôһ͵ˣȻһʮС
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Ҫ
ʱԬƣҲһɫ
ǰҩıӯӯľһѹš
ʱҲɣ΢죬ˮ޽ǻ䣬ٿƵ˫ܷܷ֣ҲЩ΢ȴһֱҧţϷ

С淢һǣţƹâȻһ˲ʧҩȴĩ
ȻɹƳɢˣ
ȻΪĹȶ԰ףǣӯӯڣȴϲá
ԱĿɿڴѾ˵
ʮ갡
ԬƣҲ𾪣ãŷӦϲӯѾһλʦˣ
ɣһ漣ʮ꣬ΪʦǴȥȻһ䶯
лʦࡣ
ӯӯԭ԰׵ϣҲһĨΣչһЦǣֱܽӾͿɵۣĪģǼӿ˲١
һζһŮĶĸоָоء
һ뵽ԷλѸٵջĿ⡣
Ŀǰ״ɲǶŮ˽ʱ򣬶ң֪֮˼֮ŮôܿСӣ
ʱǸԱѾĲ˹ǰ
Կʼˡ
ֵҩˣ


36 츳
ΪԬƣ뿴ı֣ԣӯӯҲǵע£ʼĿ
۾ͬʱ˫ֱ㿪ʼ
мһ־֪ûС
ÿһûа̣࣬ˮľԼеһǰƣܿг͡
⡭
һһԬƶʱڵſһһϣȴû˵
˶ݣ֤е𺳡
ȷǱ𺳵ˣֻǵ𾪣
ӯӯܹƳɢ飬Ȼ𾪣ǣȴҲܽܡ
Ͼӯӯ츳ǣ츳֮ϣ飬Ҳǲܵ飬෴
ǣǰʮ꣬ԾĿƳ̶ȣȴˣ
ʣԼǱʮ꣬ȴҲﲻ̶ֳȡҲ˵ʮ꣬ԾĿѾλʦ᳤ܻˣ
ܣ
̥ͿʼҲֳɾͰ
п֣пŵԵˣֻƵٶеѣǣһֱԬѧϰӯӯ˿̣ƽһζˡ
ٿؾԬƽĵһÿγ̣ҲٿؾҪԣԣⷽ棬Ҳвǳ衣
ǣǰԼ˵ȴǲԶˡ
ͣʶ⣬ǰȴͬһ
˺һ
Ժиֳĸ
Ԭ˵ģٿؾ߾磬ҲǴ˵еľ硣ǣµϣȴ˺һӰӡ
ң֣۵ƣԼѧϰƣüǣĶȴôɣѹ
ڣκ飬ûܹڣ֣Ƶϣǰ꣬ѾԶԶĳ
һʱڣ޷ʵ
ǵһ֮䣬ѾϣţϣʼҺܿ۳¶
ңõʱ䣬֮ղŵӯӯҪһֹ̣Ҳһɣûаţƺ˵СһΪǵѡ
ǰˣ˿̣Ѿĵͷȥͨ졣
Ѿһˣȣκη棬ʮǧ޷Ტۡ

ǲԱǰеǵ㲻ͷ˿ҲѾ׵⣬˿ֻ̣𾪣ûеڶͷ
۳¶Ҳûд֣ǱʼתԪ
ѵ۳ɵ
ԬƴѹĶȴӿֳһĨɻɫ
ȻܹӦĵľǿȣûа취ģԣܲڵΪ

ͻȻһ֮öƹâ貵Ĺâ۾
Źâҫ£ҩǿʼ۳ʵ壬ֻǣڼɵʱȴΪһССĿʧ󣬴ӶµҩѣƵɢ
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Ƴһöҩľڻûа취ٷ֮ٵĳɹʣʱʧܣҲûж⡣
Ͼ棬ľ񣬻ûа취ٷ֮ٵļС
ϧˡ
ԬȻҲһĻ̾һĿ⿴񣬾Ȼһͷһ
ƺվǰѾһ꣬һλʦ
̣һ⣬ǰĲ裬궼ѾĵزҲκε覴á
ʣԼܲĵز𰸣ȴǷ񶨵ġ
Ҳ˵˾ǰǿ⣬κη棬꣡
ţţ
ľ츳ָĲʮ𣿣
ԬƿʼˣΪ츳ָﵽʮСԼϤĽ̵µӯӯҲ̶ֳȡ
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ԬѾ޷ȥ
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ţ
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ʮ갡ʮʦ
ңӯӯһӯӯֻǰ۳ɢѣȴѾ۳ɵ黯ɢģҲ˵ѾƳҩˣ
ԣĳƺӦǡƴʦ
ϢǴȥض
ʱˣһĻ֮󣬶ԼͬĻ˳ȥһҲ
λСֵܡУԬ˹ǳʵ
ʣӵֳɾͣ󣬱ȻһλǳǿʦңԶԶʦ
𡣡
𵭵һЦ

Ԭôһ˲һֻǣ۵Ĳ֮󣬱㽫ԺǸʵʵ뷨׳⣬ʵðһ䣬Сֵʦк˰
۵öƣ˵ҲǷǳİܶ϶һö߼ƣ
ܴﵽ߼ƣҲ࣬ʦᣬܹĸ߼ƣҲöѡ
ԣѾ𵱳ĳλ˵ĵӡ

ƺЩ֮죬ԥԥ˵ͷӣû֣ԡ
Ŷԭ
⻰ԬƸǼᶨԼе뷨̬ȣҲ͸ˡ
ĵʦһԵӯӯڣâ˸ƺĳ־ģǰʵ㡭ܲܽ̽ҿƾļɣ
ôһʣԬҲһĨС
ܵõһЩָ㣬һ¶Ծƿس̶ȣôڸ棬һͻĿǰĽﵽߵĳ̶ȡ

ͷһת˵ͷʵʲôҲûңһʼʱ򣬾ÿþˮĿԽԽСƷȻͱˡ
˵ţĿ£ЩɢϵĻشɢԶ£Ʈ뵽׼õľС
þʵԬӯӯͬʱ۾һ
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ӹ֤£һۻһԳſӯӯһۣ΢΢һԬ˵ʦ飬ϣ᳤ܹܣΪ˼ҿɲϣ˴


37 
ģһᱣܵġԬһɫɨǲԱһۣͷص֤
ȥľ츳ָǶˣ̵ֻ֪ܹôһλĵӵˣ϶ͬ죡
Ȼѡ⣬ʵģǲϣ˴
뵽λˣȻ׿ķǣԬоһ羴
л᳤⡣Ǻŵ΢Ц
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룬һԽԬƵˣǸжңҲҪԼķС
΢Ŀһ֮ûдרϰӯӯԬƸ֮󣬱߳ʦᡣ
ȥıӰԬоþòƽϢ
Ȼ˵ĺɣԾԾƿضȣǣҪֽ˺һĵز̸ף
ţ
ԬƸпڵɫǸӡ
䣬ӵʵֻ˵һ漣Ѿ޷ȥ츳жˡ
ʦأ
ʱӯӯǴ˹ɨһΧû˫ˮڣһĨʧ䡣
ԭϵϸҪģȴû뵽Ǹһô졣
Ѿˡ
λİͽЩյ飬ԬҲһĨŹ֡
ԼλͽΣ̫ˣκ˶ɫһĶϣڳһܸԤˡ
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ǹŹֵĿⶢţӯӯǾ϶ʱźΣŽţһ˳ȥڱ㴫ԬˬĴЦ
ǼһҲ֪ȥˣҪôҵأĽֵӯӯü
Ҫ˺ããĵ۶һ˳̸װ

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ͷĻش¶ĻûǮϼϰԣٲϲЩͭζ˽ӴҲ⡣
Ϊ˱ٴαϣڽ뽻гǰ㽫еĻ˳
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Ż¿Ƭ̣ûʲô㽫´ؿλãȻ󣬱߽˽г
һΣ·ϵˣڼǰĻºϵɫͬˣ඼ǶͶ΢Ц
ʦûԸȥһλʦ
ȻȥҸļУ߽һеȹģΪøļС
λʦҪϣҪҩأ
ӭС㣬ĿɨǰĻº󣬱Ťˮ˹ʵ
Ҫ֪ʦ£Ǵʦݵǿɲ˭ģǱð䣬ʦĳͷ
ԣᣬӭСҲС
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Ѿ޷Լеˡ
ʦ֤ʷǳرϵּҲԾƣԣα顣
ֻǣʮ䣬ԽܣҲš
ԵǼǳ˰ɣþòѳ
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Ա˹̬ȶʱ͹˲١
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Ȼƺӳǻش¶ܳǣ۸̫ˣ˼ÿһۡ
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ԱǼϺ󣬱ٴζ˵߼Ļȡٷ֮ѵģ鷳ַֻҪˣǻᰲ֪ͨ
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⻰üͷʵǵֱܲչΪҪҹϡ
ѾٽѧԺˣɲԸ⽫ʱ˷ѵ
ԱЩԥˡ
Ͼ¶̫ƽˣչȥǵ̿ҪһǮҲܹġ
Եȣȥʾһ¹¡˵գ뿪̨¥ȥ
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ӵֹЧǿǸ߼ҩʮ˵ʵڵģÿƿ׬ʮöϵĽң
ԼʮӺǹԱˣ𾪣˵ͷ
һʮƿӦһǧʮöҡ
ãЩȫɣֹѪݣˮ޺ˣѪҺóˮʱֹ
Уʮӣõ˲ϣˡ

¶̫ƽˣֻмҾܲԣˣŻõһȨˣѡɢǵҩ
콨һƽӵܣڷŬڼ뵽УΪһ
˵ģΪֶӳѡ֮һգǾѡ֮գ˵Ԫ˧Ҳۿ
ҲҪԪ˧ǰúõıһȡܹõֶӳλãԣ׼һЩҩá
ΪھѡʱǿʹҩġΪʵҲΪʵһ֣
ôпᣬսѵǿ˵ʹҩ
Դʱ콨Ե硣
ʵϣǸѡģǶˣԺŹ壬ʱһö߼ҩĻǾͿȫշѹԼ
ȻǲģǣǴܲҵһЩõҩ
һһ߹䣬˺ø


38 Ԫ˧
Ҳ콨ȥЩ߼У߶˳ȥҩǣûǸá
ȻǣһҲһǧҶѣҲ൱һöҩңǵͼҩ
˵һöͼҩʵڽս𵽵Чһеȵɢ
ԣ콨ĿģһЧеɢ
ǣںøƷɢһȦҲûпԼҩ̾һ뿪
λүҪҩɣҪߵʱһֱߵŮѯʵ
û콨˵ͷ
ǾүǽչҩΣ˵ţŮ˻ش¶Ĺ̨
ˣֹѪָԭ콨Щãǿش¶ú󣬶ʱڱһĨ⡣
ΪˣرϹսľˣ̫˽ֹЧˡ
һ˵ͬҩͬʱõĻôҩҩܻ֮ἤãӶ𲻵Ч
ԣֻһֹЧҩ򱻳ΪͼҩֹЧģ򱻳ΪмҩӵֹЧģǸ߼ҩ
û뵽ԼȻôãȻܹ򵽸߼ҩ
ֻش¶ô콨Щеʵ
ʮһƿ
ҪʮƿûУ콨ԵЩš
С
ˣŮϵЦݸŨˡ
һӾİٽң׬һٽң̫ˣ
𣬲֪ԼĻش¶ĳ̶ֳϣѾıһ˵ˡ
ܿ죬ڶ㵽˷ֶӳľѡ֮ա
ΪԪ˧ɣͬʱҲ縺Žͳһְ峿˽Ӫء
󣬻ĶŮӯӯ
ǿʼɡ
콨Ѿվ̨ϵȺֱӷԸ
һ£˱Ȼ졣
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콨ܲͷ콨ľз
ȻҾãźʤ㻹Ҫ㣬ңżҺΪ׼һöмҩԣӮңڶźġһԣͳȴЩΪȻ
ԻʼңȻĵ׻ǿЩçƽ
ңȻڿȥ൱ǣʵϣ콨ȴҪȶźҪĶࡣ
ϾźȨͥӵв似˾綼ڴ˽׵ĳ̶ϣбȽϴƵġ
ֻǣźԸȥ˻ˣԣųʽ֡
㣬Ҳûзԣ˼ȥĿ϶콨츳ϣڳϡ

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콨Ȼܲǽգ㻹Ҫ䣡
źһĨâ֣óһöҩʱΧĿУһɵҩ㣬ûԥֱӾ̷ȥʱϵĴˣۿɼٶڿٵĻָţһЩ˿ڣҲܿ衣
ô
Ƿû򵽻ش¶ǰ콨Ҳͷˣڣȴһ֮
ֱһƿش¶Ȼϵûжźָô죬ǣͬʱȴǻָ˲١෴ģźȻϵѾӽȬȴϣԣ콨ȭ֮£Ƶˡ
ô£
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ôܣ
ͳֱӾվĲš
Ӧ͵¶лָĹЧվߵӯӯȷеԭ
Ͼһλʦ
ֻӯӯȴҲһĨɻΪ콨ϵҲָ˲ٰ
ָҩǼΪѵõģҲͬЧҩںϣԣһָҩֻ߱һЧǣʱ콨ȴɡ
콨
ӯӯѣɺܿͷӦ˹ǿڽе
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Ҳû취ˣֱӾվ۾Բˣ˵Ƕ߱ˣֹѪָֹЧ
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ʱɣӯӯͳˣ붯ݡ
ӯӯȻ𾪣ȻֹܽЧΪһ壬Ѿ֪Χˣû˵ƣ߱ܡ
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ҩܹھеĻҪ˵ֻ࣬ҪܹӦһֻӢֶӣսϣҲ޵аǱһȻܻᵹ£
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Ҿʮƿʣ°ƿЩǰ콨ȻҲ˽ǽʣĻش¶ȫ˳
Ȼġ
һƿڱǼǳǳһţӯӯڱӿֳһĨ˼ɫ
ģȥ
Ƣɣ˵ֱӾ;콨㳯ӪȥӯӯǽͳҲѸٸϡ
Ƕ̫˽⣬ҩڸӰ

гֻƽ񣬻µȨ˲ŻϵȨ壬һ㶼ڶйԼƷ
Ȼһ죬гȴӭһȺ߶˴ϵεˣżֵĳѪֱӾͳ˽гС
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˺øǰ콨ߵ˵
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ŮȻûɣҲоǰȺ򵥣Ȼаӡ
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С˼Ԫ˧ΪԼʲô£Щսս˿˵ĵ
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һԵӯӯ⻰ԺȴͻȻһٵӰ૵𣿡
ʲô֣סȥ
ǼˣѾ뿪ʳѰˡ


39 
ʱøĹҲһЦΪʵģһش𲻳
ǼģȻиַǵʱֱģ˺ããȥң
Ҫ˵ģɲ˵Լʲôֻ֪ܽʱӴǸ̨ĹԱ˹
λʦС𣬶Ҳʮ꣡Ա˿һһʮĽԼ֪һж˵˳
ʮꣿ
ɣڶӿֳһĨɫλͳʱ򣬷ֶԷҲɻ
𣿣
һԣӯӯȴȻ
ӯӯʶɷӦ׷ʵ
š
ӯӯǳǳĵ˵ͷԼڴɫȴҡҡͷĻӦòܻΪµġ
ھƿطѾԼʦ룬ôһˣôܻΪṩҩ
ǿȣ
걳ʦҲһҲ˵
ɱΪʲôǷ֣ȷҲ˵ĵطûʳڡ
´ҩһʱ䵽Ԫ˧֪ͨңɽһ󣬱źܲĵ뿪˺ø
ӯӯѵǸˣǻصԪ˧ɱȲʵ
Ӧòǡӯӯҡҡͷ
ˣôǵصˣﻹƽ˾
Ϊ˵Ϊãɵ۾˵
ţԼһԪ˧㶨һʮСëˡ
ͱˣ˼ұʦǿأʲôʸҩƢӯӯû
ʲô˵ʲôʦԬǿһӷӦЩš
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㰮Ųš
ӯӯһۣԺڣٴθֳʱƵһĻ
ǸһĻ
ȥԬȥ
仰ȥˡ

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Сӣǻش¶ģɿɲֱ߹͵ͷʵ

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ȿȣԪ˧ǻǽһ˵ɡ
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̫ˣСӹȻˬ죬Һϲ
𰸣ɴϲֱӾ͸һܱĿⲻɨһߵЩ޵ݵӯӯһۣһתĶ˵СӣҰҼ椶㣬ԺרŸش¶ô
һС׬˵ɫȻԶԡ

һԣӯӯ糺죬ţǡɨȥһۣߵֱܳȥ
˴ĵط
ԼϵȻԼˣ
Ҳʵ̫ŮˣŮĸܰ
СӣҪ濼ŶҼŮǺģ׷ˣΧȦֱͷɻĲһ䣬õҲǲ֪˵ʲôá
ĵףǷǳϲһʲô˵ʲô˽ģ٣ˣԲڱһѡ
ҲǻʼһĵĽ˧λԭ֮һ
ȿȡ
ɿ˵ϣҪԪ˧׼
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ű֤˵ȥϵǮ⣬ÿƿش¶ҳʮҹ㿴Σ
С˵ͷֱҲʹӦ
һݲϣܹƳƿش¶Ҳ˵ÿһݲϣʮöҽˣ˵ڵ״ҪǿĶࡣ
ã˵ҪʲôϣȻҾ˸͹ȥҪȻֱԪ˧סôһҼѾͷҲ飬ôСӣҹ˼ɣɴϲӵ˵һѡ
ǵ̬ȣһԵԬƶЩȥˡ
һֱѾǽԷԼŮԴ˰ԷڻҪж£
ǻκһˣȷ룬ǣǰ꣬ںܶطԬƵ˰ˣɵŮӦɵҲŶԡ
˰ɣסǣҲͦϰߵģңһҪչҽ㡣΢΢˳飬ű˵
찡ܲ˵ôֱװ뷨ôһ˵Ҳ˼ȥס˰
СֵܣϹ¡
Ԭվ˳ΧŵѣߺεͶȥһм
СֵܣϴڹƵģǻشɣ
ʱ۵ƣ֪һö߼ƣȴûϵһö湦Чϡи߼ơ
û˵ͷ
ʲô˵ʲôشСӣƻشһߵɣΪԬƵһ仰˼״̬С
ԴˣˣʾΡ


40 
ڵ֪ܹƳشɢشɿĿⶼĵģõ¡
ǿҪ£ҲֻܴӦҪÿ¸ʮݻشɢһöشɣֻҪǧҡ
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ԬƷŶͷåĸԣҲĸͷʹ
Ҳ˵һݻشɢֻҪһٽңشֻҪǧңɵǣġ
ʲôɣûвָ߼ҩȥĻ۸Իֹᷭ
ԬƸеȵǣȻûȥƽļ۸ֱҲʹӦ
˵ĵӣСԬƸпѡ
֪ʵҲһ̺ܴ壡
˵СӣһҪҸ㣬Ҫ˵ĻŮˣɱڰ
ɱӯӯߵʱԶɴ
Сֵܣ֪˾٣ʲôı𣿡ѾȥĸŮˣԬЩζʵ
ҡҡͷ
ԭܱУֻģڣٶеڶԬҲ֮Ƥԭ
شҩʵ̫ҪˣֻҪһɾ齨һݺս޵еľӢСӡ
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ҪߵʱԬ룬óһݸ
Ͼ̫ᣬʵǿȨӺеǷͻ϶ǻԿӦǴﵽһʦֳܹһƾʯУӶνĸӦ
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ǱĶȻܷɣȻѾﵽ׵ĳ̶ȣܹӰ쵽׵ˣǲġ
ʱķǳ죬⼸棬ҲûĲ磬ĵ˼󣬱ѧԺӡ
ѧԺһģѧԺֻܹҪ컪ѧԺ˳ҵˣٰܷݾԣˣŻԴҲҪ컪ѧԺꡣ
ҲΪˣѧԺܹɵţۺʵǶʵѧԺܹȵġ
ѧԺǸȽѧԺֻлʼҹ壬ʸӵУƽӵܣ츳ǳ֮㣬ܹƸ¼ȡԣѧԺҲ֮ΪʼѧԺ
ҲѧԺģǣԪ˧˲ŵ㣬ųѧԺ
ҲΪģѧԺרΪṩѧԺżҲѧԺ͵ģԣҲȨϷΪƽѧԺ
츳õģȥ컪ѧԺȨӵȥѧԺԣѧԺһֱѧԺе׵Ĵڡ
ѧԺȴ΢ЩתԭȻԪ˧ǧӯӯ뵽ѧԺȨӵܣΪҪ׷ֺҲ׷׼ѧԺڣԣһѧԺҲͦǿġ
ҪѧԺԵЩˣ⿿ӯӯһˣҲŲһѧԺ
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ǡ壿ǵ˹άµӰ΢΢
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ߵҵΰġѵ
š
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û뵽зϣȻܵⰡǰĳУȴЩŭ
ǰɾΪҪ½𣬴Ӷӯӯںǳһ٣ûӡȻϡ
黹ءζ˵
ڣɲֻһ鹹ĿɽˣһӲĿɽ嶼ǲĿɽ
ô
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Ŷӳ
һ׵˵ˣһǵйϸȡҹ鱨ԣŶӳȥʣ
һУνǽУ˵㡣
Ȼ˵ܷ涨ǲɱˣǣЩ©ģץ©ѾòԵϢʧˡ
İ١
ŶӳֺһЦǵСӣһˣ
˵ţԸĸǰץ
û۵Ķ£
۾һɣֱײʶ֮ϣʱ˶ðǣڵء
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Сӣ㾹ȻϮ
ǶŶӳҲһ㶣ǷӦԳ֣Ҫֱӽ¡
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ʣϮ㣬Ŷӳнڣֱӽɱ
ȷҪץ𣿡ʱ𲻻ŲæóöԬƸĸӦл׶ţЩϷʵʵ
Ӧ
ŶӳһѾץ𲱾ƣӲͣĿת塣
ӵиӦˣǿɾ˵һλʦˣССһֶӳǵģ
ǸӦϸ۲һ֮ʱɫҲܲÿˡ


41 һ
ʱҸ壬УֻἰһλʦΪͽȴû˵һλʦôһλʦ棬ҪΪ𣬻ǲܵ顣
˿̣ҵĺøҲͣдҳ²࣬ǴʱȴҲﻢˡ
ܲȥԺͰɣ
ǶǼٵģŶӳٻɱϮļϸһתĺ
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ΰģ㻹ŶӳɱϸߵΰķԸ

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ΧˣǺһΪԼѣҡͷ׷׶ָֻš
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տ徹Ȼ֪֮ҵλͣҪԼ鷳ʵ̫ˣԣɴһܹɱԼĻᣬԻһ갲ʱ䡣
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ʱ䣬û˺С
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42 
ѧԺҪ󣬲ǺܸߣϾ˶ƽԣھϣ컪ѧԺû̫Ҫ󣬶صģǸʣ
ʣ츳ϰ֮ġ
Щ츳ãҵΰҵ츳ʮˣŴףһ츳ûʲôϰ֮ģ׻˵ܲ׾ϰ֮ģ츳Ǻܺõˣոһգ긴һֲиȥֻҪܴ漣
ڻһλŽ׵Ľľ磬ĵ츳ˣֻǣʵϣλǶ츳ѡ
ӵϰ֮ĵҪԡ

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ѧԺĸԺƺӡ
ԺʣÿһԪ˧ʱȴûг֡
ѧԺҪмˣҪкĵˣҪмʶˣֻˣʸѧԺȻ츳ѧԺһŲҪ
ƺӲûʲôƪ۵ݽڣһĺǳ⣬˵ͷһҲкܶڶǱŷеĿ⣬Ǽ顣
ڣΪԼܹˣҽԳأƺӾһУľ٣˵£У˿ˮ仰󣬱ֱӳѧԺȥ
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һ׵ˣܳܵӦǰٽңڣԣʵ˾Ļ£һٽĸ
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Ϊеȵʱһƾɲµ꣬뵽ȵС
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Сӣһѡ
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һĨ⣬ҲŵĵֻҪˣһܱ߳䣬ǣұ߳ôԳԼǷȻѧԺǸҲң
Ƿһŵ̬ȣ˶ð̣ҲûʹӦ
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Ҳ£ǰһۺ󣬱̤С
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ԭȴЦˣȻһ£ʱɫѿ࣬Щ
ƣСӣҿӲŵʲôʱ򣡡˵꣬Ҳҵ㶼ǰǰ


43 ϰ

ĺ˿תͷһԵ΢΢һЦ˲죬ǰҲȥϳˡ
һ·ϣˣԼ޷ȣѡ˷ģҲкܶվȴѡҲġ
˵ԣ˵츳һš
ҲЩ԰취
ԽʣµģȵģˣսȥȫǾ
߽ȥãɱӯӯ
Ժ
ƺڣΧ˶ǶλԪ˧
Ƿĵģ
ʮǰܱͻȻԻԣһʱ䣬˴ͼ֮Σʱֻһ֮ɣȻһ֮סһľԮɴԮзˣöԷ֮һľĶܣһս˧λֱӽһ֮ɣʱ䣬㽫ȫʧոΪһ
˵ڻİΪڣ
ֻоսʱڵˣܶúƽĿɹԣɣǷĵݡ
š
ɴʱҲһϣǵͷʾ󣬱ֱӶƺʵһûгֺӰ
һرһԱƺʵ˵
㲻еһˡһĨ⣬ͬʱĿڡ
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ţһʻƺӰңûһΪĺ󱲰
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ǧף˵˵Ҳ̣·ҲҪһСʱңļӳ£ҲҪ˫ʱ䣬ɡ

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Ԫ۾һֱӱͷ
ѾڣΧλʦȻʣȴҲû˵ʲôǽĿٴηȾͷ
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ҲǸܵɵĿ⣬̧ͷȥǿɣֻεĳͶȥһ񣬲ûйк
ѧԺڣɣȻҪԼϡ


44 ־
ԺǸ˸ңѧԺԣҸõһԪˣָ𣬶ָߵ䡣
䣬ȥҲǸŮվߵıڣţֻҪһΣգһʱ䵲ǰ
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ǣ˼һСҲİ׷ϣ
ѧԺѡʦɣôȷСԸײ
ҪˣһԵĵʦǶˬˣ׷顣
ղԵɣԲû˵ȻͲһˡ
Ŷ
ôһָעʱҲ˵ʱԼȡɡ
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ôһ˵ʱΧĵʦϲԪǶ˶ȴû˵ֻǣĿôᶨƺһҪúӡ

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ҼǵãѧԺļ¼ӯӯСһСʱʮӣӦܹơ
ȷڣȥҲôð
ʦҲ׷˵ȴǹάǷĵġ
ӯӯ츳ҲҳܹǿġڣһУ糬ģֻбΪһ˵Ķӣ
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Ǵʱ˽ȥѾСʱˣˣȴûгõıǺȥˣɫǺѿ
ɱ֤ھ粻⣬κη棬Ҫǿǣ
ʱǸƾɲµ꣬ڳˣ
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ź󣬱Ҳһ䣬ͬһʱ˳ʱбһů
˲ûźһЦ
飬оȻҪ
˳һĨ˼ɫ


45 չ
ЩˣΪ˲ƸΪȨλΪ˸ԭ򣬶ܹԼ顣ǣҲһЩˣܹЩȴġԣѧԺڶصĿˣǽƸȨλǰ档
ҲΪεĲԣ֪ۣˣ
߰ʮˣ
ݴкΪĵ˵ͷվϸ̨ȫȣҪϲͨԺĿˣһ̿ʼѾѧԺѧԱˣ
⻰µŮǣ¶˷ܵɫ˵ֻнѧԺܹıԼˣ
棬̨ڡ
ɵʾ£ƺվ˳ǰһߣܹ뾫Ӣ࣬صǰߣܵõ⽱ڣԸμ̨ģ
Ӣ࣬ѧԺɫһˣʮλʦ죬Щˣ߽ӣܻһľְ
ƽӵܣ֪ԼĽ󲿷ֶѡ˷̨ͳƳֻ˲μ̨࣬Ҫ֣ܹ뾫Ӣ༶
̨ѧԺ䳡еģ䳡м䣬ʮ̨ΪҪˣԴʱû򶷡
ƺ˿ʼǰ꣬һεĳǰ档
ǰɣ
һ֪ʲôʹģ
ǴʴʣƵĿ⣬뼤һս
ǸòҶʲôɣһĨζĻȣ٩
Ͷ㲻Һһս
һ׳ڵŭŭĺȵ
ǣ
˵ƤҲǷˡ
᷽˵£һȺ׵ˣһĽ׵ˣⱾһҪΪ
Сӣ˰ɣǹ⼤
ҵȷˡ
ܳʵĵͷҪڷ̵ʱٴζ˵ٴˣ
һ仰ǵɫЩҲס
Ǽô£Ϊλ̨̨ԵĵʦһȺ˳ٳٲ̨˹
ʦҪҺһսȻǸʵĺúӣָ˵
ʱ˵Ӷһ졣
ǻ˵һǰԼǷҹѧԺ
˵·ǵʦ뵼ʦΪ֤⵽ʱĳЩֲˣ
֤ǵʦЩɵĿ
ô˵˵Ҫһսһ£ֵԥˣȴ֮⡣
Ͼ֮ǰ˵УʵĿͬõġ
Ǹò˰ɣòǵԭ˻ȥ
˭˵ˣôһǵƤҲЩҲסˡ
ϾǷսܵĻҲ㹻ǶˡҪ֪֮һĲడ
ҾͲţ㻹첻ɣʵˣӲͷƤӦ
£⵼ʦҲЩΪѣϾǼǾ˵ˣѧԺȻ治һαԶ˸ϳѧԺ
һ뿪ѧԺһֱעɣһȺ˹
ԺԺΧ˶ĺ
ˣǶʵҲЩΪôçײĴӦս
ˡƺʮ㡣
𣿡վԱߵƺӣһĨ⣬ϸһ֮ȴʧҡҡͷ
ǰ꣬ȷӵܡȴƺм죬ϸһȴİԣҲû취϶ʲô
Ǽأ꣬ɵԾЩ仯
ҲˡǴʱȴָѼϼܵĸоĿ⣬ԽԽơ
Ȼ˫Ѿˣôѡһһս˭䣬ҪԼ
Ҳ뿴䷽츳Ρ
ҲΪһڴǵĹעȫĿ⣬ڵϡ
ƺӣûϣܹȡʤ
Ͼ֮䣬Ŀɲһ㣬츳ֻϰĳָ߼似ʵԽһս
Сӣҵģ
ϵ̨ЩĶ˵
ҲӮ˵ʱҲûиожѹϾÿ춼սȻڵʵ
ɣȭ
һȻǶ似ʱȭͷϣ͸ź⣬ȼһ㣬Ʋ
׾ѧ˻ƼƷ似츳һĻվߵһڵʦ׷׿޵
似൱е似Խã൱ԽȻɸ˺
似ȴǳѵãһĳеѧԺ棬еֻЩƷ似ֻѧԺýƼ似óѧԱ
ҲΪԴҲҪѧԺҪԭ
ȻҪһ似ҲǼѵģʮ䣬һŻƼƷ似֤ϰ츳ҲǼġ
飡
ٶȣˣֻӲһȭʱ˱ֱӱ˳ȥ˵̨ߣס˽ŲֻȭƣҲһƬͨ죬Ǳһ
ʵ̫ˣ䶨ˡ
һĻ󣬻˶϶䡣̨ĸ꣬жظ˿
ھĲϣҪ̣Ǿͱи߼似пܣڣԵģʩչģֻȭѡ
ԣӯӯҲЩԺˡ
ԭ츳ȴû뵽Դ󡣡ർʦҡͷ
似Ȼôǿ
˦ʹѵȭͷҲ΢
ȻڵΣǷһȭң
ڣףΪ˶ôҪõ߼似ˡ
ƼƷ似ѾˣǸ߼似Ǹǿƣ
Сӣҵģ
ڵ꣬ϴŵЦݣһƽ
ôôȷԼӮˣ
ԭԽӽһĨâţӶɢȫ
ء
һǧǰͻȻȼһĻ棬˻һˡ
ҹȥɣ
һ֮䣬һǳȭûعˣţʤ׷һȭһȭֱȥĸǰ
ߣ
ԺֳʱɣҲһ𾪵Ķ̨ϵǵӰ
ӵ츳˱٣ΪߵˣǾ͸ˡ
ߵǿģΪһλǿߣȻҲûôһ֮סһˡ
ҵ죬Ȼߣ꣬Ǹ̨ģ˿̶ĿĿ
ڣףΪΣκ츳ҪǿǣΪΣһսΪΣȥ壡


46 ƽ
ʱ˿̣ԭֵ䳡ȴ˶ݵİУǴصĺ
ߣںܶ˵Ƕڴ˵еĶڣһλվǰβ𺳣
ʵ̫ˣÿһλߣԴҲ˵̣
ɣֻҪٱضͲٴηԡһλǿߵ
ôܣû˵ļ¼״ӺζΪʼҵˣƺĸࡣ
κһطֻҪһλߣǲûжжʼҿ϶м¼ļ¼ȴһƬհס
ֻǣ뵽ԴʱƺӲûǰȥѯ𣬶
ţɲԲ飬ΪֻҪɵ꣬ʱܻʧ
ԺҲܹҲ˵ƺӷӦ˵
š
Ҳ˵ͷüͷ΢΢һѡֻһʱˣľ硭̫ˡ
ǸطҪ̫ˣ£ߣҲܱ֤ܹٷְٽȥңŲǴĽ׾ѣ̫ңԶˡ
츳˲Ԫ̵ĻӦûһ֮ġ
ƺҲ̾һһܹԽԽˣֻԺｫûһ֮ء
˵棬ɳĬˣһ࣬˵ǾԪ԰ɡ
ʤ
õĴ𰸺ƺ˿Ҳվ˳ʱҲһĨϧǵԼԼɣ
˵츳ǴʱΪҲòˡ
Ƿ
βȺ䳡쳹ȻĿ£԰׵˳ȥ
˴ΣǲûнѧԺҪǣǷǵûֺõ壬һλǲ
Ǽ̨ڽš
չֳߵݺȻûȥս裬䣬ҲȺǼ̨ҲΪ˴̨㡣
ǵʵǵòҲĿ
Сӣ޸ǳ֪ΪΣðһζĻõһԵƺɻĿһۣӯӯĿ⣬ƺһֱϺڲһĨ˼
ֻǣҲ̾Ϣѡ
ʼңжٻҪ׷ӯӯǣȴǣ˿̣ȴעϣȻû¶߰ĽǣһŮģעһеģǱѾ֤ˡ
бıҲ֪ƺӵĿϡ
ֻߵݣôܹӯӯע⣿Ҫ֪ӣһλǿߣң绹ӯӯ֮ϣ
ʱĺܿ죬ܿ죬ѡһˣ֮󣬱ǰᡣ
ǰĽ
ɵʾ£ƺٴվ˳һܹõһƼƷ似һƼƷ似ڶܹͬõһƼƷ似һƼƷ似ֻܵõһƼƷ似
˻һȫ
ƼƷ似ǴȨڣҲǼҵװĴڣڣѧԺȻóѧԱɼƴֵֵز
ͬʱҲ˵飬ĥȭƣ׼ȭš
С𡭡ߣЩǵĿ
İ㣬ڣԽߵԽԽȫο˵
ֻܸߵԽߵ߲ע⣬ôԽȫ٣ҲżӺ
㣬ҪŬµһŶҿҪȡڶģ
ǰ𻹲似ھŵĶս˽⵽似ҪԣڣôõĻܹõ߼似Ȼ
̭Ȼܿ죬ֹ䣬ǰʮֻǣ裬ȴźڵ֣Ǹƾɲµꡣ
ӦɽҰһͷɽԱ㣬ٶȣӵ£Ȼʲô似ǣȴǳù˵㣬̫Կһ㱻һǫ̃̄
ǰʮĵһ֣һ׳ڵꡣ󣬿Цֱˡ
߻ĳ棬ǿУȻ뱻һ١
Ӷ֮ǰģֻʣ£䣬Ǹƾɲµꡣ
ץκ󣬺ܲңһĶԾ
䣡
Ҫ֮ʣȴ̨ûȥֱˡ
ɣһ顣
Ҫ֪ӸղŵУȡһģĪ
һ֣Ӯǲ꣬Ҳֻȡڶˡ
ֵǲԾˡ
𡣡΢ЦŶ˵
ǣǲЩӲ³֣ϵɫûзı䡣
ʼɣ
ƺһ£϶ʱȼһ棬˱΢΢ӣһξ룬һͷĹǰ㣬ֻҪ¶һȥ˺顣
ȻӲۿǵ֪ٶȲǣȻȥ׷
вҲ
Դʱ̨ȴһֵֽУ˻Էȴûжֵ˼ǫ̃´һЩɧ֮
˶Բʮ꣬Ȼ˵ģʦȴ׷׸пƺӣһۣǿ˶ԷڵĶݡ
Ȼ˵䷽츳ԣҲ˶ӯӯǣģȴӯӯûеġ
رƾеս֮ʣȶһĿԿ϶Ҫԣȵľ˫֮˧ģ
ԣ꣬˧ţ
֣ǻͬʱְɣٶȵƣҲ֮ȻǿɶҪȲȥˡջؾϵĻʱʧͬʱԹ
ã
仰Ǳֱӳ˹
飡
˶ʲô似ȭͷ޻ڵһ𣬶ʱ˶һСţĶȭƺоʹһ㣬ˣȭˣȭѧԱǶɵۡ
ӣ˵
һʱ˶ЩǣĿȴɼᶨƺҪԷȥŻͣ֡
ͭǣʱҲľѡ
ǣԼҪͣǣÿһȭ󣬴ȭ⣬Ǵһĵʹףͼֲסˡ
ˣһ˫ֱҲľѡ
һСʱȥˡ

˶ǹŴˮʪ͸ǵǹǣһ˫ֱҲǺһš
Ȼ˶Ѿûٴγȭֻǣ˶ԸȵȥǸ˶ѡ
ƽְɡ
ƺ˵ĵһζսƽֽ
ɲֱӾ͵ȥȻóһлشɢǷȥĸ̨ϵ۲ѣܼҡ


47 ȭ
ɣ
һԵĵʦҪǵҩʱֱ׳һлشɢǣһ
СӣȻҲ˽Ҫ˼Ժϣ̨ȥˡ
ԭҪÿ¶óһЩشɢӲǱһʮݵĵزݳ޵ʹãܳס
ֻǣȴ֪ÿҲֻƳһݻشɢѣƾʶǶʱƻشɢ
Ҳû˵ʲôָ죬ӹֱӷ£ûãڱһĨ⣬Ŀ⣬Щ̡
ٺ٣ҵ⣬⣬ҲࡣٺһЦȴҲһС
ΪѾܵһ˫Ҫ˵۾סˣóһˣֻĳ˾ͻʧˣ
ǹĶսĳţǵٶȻ׬ˣԾԵľƣ̨֮
ɴ˿ɼڵʵǿģ
ʣһʤһƽȡһڶȻһʤһ䣬ǣ
Թǵٶ˵͵һҲûʲôΪҲҪ似
ӢѧԱ£ѧԱߵĵʦȥסˡƺӽȥûᣬϱֻʣһѧԱ
ֻһ仰ܽΪӢѧԱ֤ǶǽţҲһĶǣϣպܹȻͨ༶ѧԱܣǶĿԼ
ɿڣûйأеֻоʾ
һ;ˣ
䣬裬ǣ˹ԪʦڣǿԸԪʦȥȡǵĽˡ
ҲûЩʦͬͬ⣬ɱô

ԪҲûҪĸĵ˼ɱ䣬ɨһ˺󣬱Ǵ߳䳡
һѧԺԺСľ¥򵥵ֻ㣬ۣܲǣȴѧԺ似ĵط
ΧΧﻨ㣬ҲûرأԪľ¥ԪԭصȴԼ㳯ŲԶһһƹżǱȻȥ
ϣҷԺ֮ǰȡǰĽһŰԪ⴩صߣȴǷǳĹ
Ŷ
⻰̧߲ͷֻ΢ɨһۣǵͷеĹż˵Լȥѡɣǵãֻһ㡣
Ԫ֪
ٴζ߹ԪˣǸǰ˵סϵĻȥѡɡ
˵ͷ󣬱ǿЩ鼮ܡ
һ¥ɨһۺжϣٶǧ鼮Ҳʹǧ似
Ҫ֪һĳ棬ЩȨ壬ҲһõĳֵĻƼ似ȣֱɰ
ÿһ϶б鼮ĵȼָ˱˻ƼƷ似ǰ
ԣܵ鼮Ҫٶˣϡϡ裬ҲǼʮѡ
ɼƼƷ似ҲǼΪԴ
һۺ˷һ鼮
֡
һ似ܣǽȫۼָ֮ϣȫΪĲλֻҪ֣ضܹش֣ʹûս֮
ţķ˷סļɺ󣬱㽫֮£һ
ʮûҵһġ
ȭ
ܵϷһƤ򵥵д֣ȴע⡣
ƤϣûЩ鼮似һĳƪܣֱӽ⡣
𣬾֮ȭ۶ܷ
Ҫ򵥵ʮ֣±Ҫ뷽ͼ⣬
Ȿˣ
£Ǿ
似ɲ򵥣㣬Ǻܶģ٣Ҫͬʱ߱츳뾫츳Ȼת
Ҳ似ΪڻƼƷԭɡ
⣬ȭ˼ֱǸţȻܹ뵽ؼĻϵԪϣӶǿǺܶ˶顣
ѡ֮似ǰ
һ¥似һܣ㣬һǻƼƷмǻƼƷǲ㣬ͨ似
ʱѡ˶ʱˣʱ似ƺЩԥ
㣬ҿ°ɡߣĵ
ҶƲ
似ƮΪֻҶʺ϶ƲȴʺϽŻԥ
Ҷɡˡ
ÿһΣֻҪһΣգͻԥĵǰĵףͲԸ˵ĳ棬ɥԸΪԼðա
ҶԶΪúʺϣΪԺҪվǰˣˣ
ġȻ⣬һůͷӦˡ
ҡ
һЦҲʼѡ似
似Ǳͨ似ҪĶ࣬ΪѧԺѧԺӵе似ҲǺܶࡣ
ƼƷ似Ǿ͸ˣڵ棬ǰڷ߰˱ѡ
˱似𶼲̫⣬뵽ֻǵͼ似ѡһΪƮ첽似
Ʈ첽һ֡죬ҪǶܣǶ벻һ֣죡
죬Ҳ似ĺġ
Ȿ似ܹôãֻҪԴϰԼƶٶȣֻҪٶˣԺõߵ似Ҳ͸ˡ
ѡⱾƮ첽ԭ
ѡú󣬱ǼҲѡ似˳һϵɫƺе似⡣
ҲǵȷģЩ似ǹ۵ļɣڱӵһͭǣĹ˵Ȼô
ȥǼǡ
Ԫˣǰܿ죬߱ǽȡ似֣Ǽ˲ϡ
ֻǣǼǵȭʱ򣬲΢΢̧ͷһۡ
Ϊܹ߷ȭ˿ɲడҲû˵ʲôֱӱ㽫ǼǺãȻ˵ֻӵʮʱ䣬ʮ󣬱뽫鼮⣬鼮߽֮ʧǱ⳥ͬ鼮ס𣿡
סˡ˽Ե˵ͷ
ʮʱ̣ܶԺõˣô̵ʱڣҲƤëѣԣҲû취ĸϰ
Ҳǹ涨ûƽĵԭ
ϰôƱؾͻӰ쵽ԼĽȣ϶òʧ
һӺܲ
Ԫߺ߶Ŵһ߽ɣƺ˵
ٺ٣ֹһˣϣܹǸط˵
ǸŮȻǣȴǵ˵㣬ȥǸطеѰüͷ΢΢ЩɻĿ


48 Ӧ
Ԫ˧ɿˡƺӿˣһԪ˧Ҳλߵݡ
һԪ˧˧λ󣬱ڴˣΪѧԺػЩҵס
Ŷ
߻ȻҡҡͷӣȻӦûŮӰ
ǸŮĵܵܣһߣɵࡣ
ߣ
΢΢ݣͬʱһĨȻ򣬡ѹ֣ѡȭ
ȭɲǻƼƷ似ǰļ򵥣ֻǣʵܹű˻ƼƷ似
еѰǸطһֻʮ˶ѣ˵ǳ˺ü˵ţӯӯ٣Ŀԣ㰡
ҡҡͷǲãӯӯǺӣͶӣǺϣ̫ȨƣλǲǸطԣӯӯӦΨһһܽȥġ
ߵֱԣҲƺӲ̾һ
ԭ̫ӽǸطǱУǾǶԻ飬ǣԸΥλӣעҪһˡ
ʵôһȴõԭͺܲȶĻѩϼ˪
̫Ǹط򣬲Ȼһλ᧿Σƺ̾ھǡ
˽⵽ѡ似ƺӱ߸ǣ⴦ľ¥ٴС

ҡ
ѧԺڷ飬ȻС
ʲôߣ
ϢԭֱӾסˡ
˽⣬ӵгΪʦ츳ģڼߵݣպңҲһλﰡ
һվŵΰģ̣һ͡
ҾʲôĴ°
޹ʣȢ̣ƱػὫΪңǾ͵˵ԺҫǾ͵ͬҵҫ
ڣǷǵûзɻڴĻᣬң֮պҵ³ƻޱҡ
ر̣ʱиζƿܲζ
𣬻иģңҲʵĶȻҲȡ
ֻǣܹͽѧԺջ󣬺ͼгĴٳ£ѡѾϵ𣬸ԸΪС檡
ңʱദ֪ĶΪ檣ΪҶѡ
ĺԺһԵɵС檣տʼʱ廹۰мӣԴӳ鷳Ͷûкɫ
ڣ˵һλ˵е֮ˣ⣬ӿͷ
ԭǿԳΪһλǿߣʦ޵ģڣȴһȨ嵱УһܴС檡
ߵĲҪֶ
ߣ
ϵ״һڸһĨ䡣
ȷҲ⣬ǣȴѾˣѾûһ̨ˡ
Ϊңűκ˶ߵǿ
ΰġ
ڵ䣬ΰĵע󣬲˵츳ܼɳȥ
٣֪ôˡΰ˲˼ڶʱһĨ
Ѿܹˣٵһʱ䣬ΰģʲô뷨Ҳκβˡ
İɣֻҪ£ֻҪһڣͱԶưƺӳǣλã廹ͦĵġ
ֻǣΰȥɫȴٴһԵ˵һ䣬Ƿȥ԰һڱĴ
Ҹô졭ڵϣ˫ˮӶ

ʹԺ
̫Ӹ
̫ͣΪҲȻ츳츳ֻϵȶѣǣΪȴΪǫͣƽ׽ˣΨãԣĵһϳͣҲǾ츳ˣǿ̫ӣҲվֻǶӵԭ
죬̫ʦ᳤ԬƣںСͤ˰Ѿ£̸
ʱǰѧԺ̽ߵСͤǰ
˵ɣûˡֱ˵
һ죬ѧԺ츳ˡ
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츳꣬ƽʮ꣬ĽΪңһߣ
ǣ츳꣬ƽʮ꣬۷ΪһͭǣٶȾˣ𲻷£
⣬ǽ뾫Ӣľʮ˵˵ţ̽ӵһ̫ӡ
ŶǰΪƽ񣿡
̫һĨ棬벻ƽУȻҲܳһߣ治򵥰һ
ǺǡһԵԬȴǺЦ
ֻǣҲû뵽ӵôߵ⣬Ȼ棬Ҳôߵ츳и϶󣬿϶һλˡ
᳤ʶ𣿡
ͺܿ;쵽쳣һѯʵ
Ҳʶ
ԬҲп˵̫ӵ£ɲ򵥣ֻ˵̫ӵܹôôQжǿ˵µλã
Ŷһ
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ȻԬƲû˵츳Σǣƾһ仰Ѿˡ
᳤治֮ˣͽеɻʳ
֮ˣֻҪԸ⣬ʱ滻λãԬƴеǡ
һҲûжʣȴѾвϧһдۣҪϵͷ

Ӹ
벻ߣȻѡƽѧԺǿЦ̽󣬶ǲĶ
ΪߵĻ컪ѧԺѧԺǶƸ¼ȡģѧԺԴѧԺĺüֹ
Ƕӵ˼ǣһԵ̽Сʵ
ǹǾˣ˹Ҳң䣬ǽܵĹϵ𣿡ֱӽų£֮⡣
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49 ɱ
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50 ̵Ŀ
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51 
ݴ˿֮ģϾǵԴҲ
ƾնſƬҲ˵ܹаʱڵ𣬸ܹ´ڵ
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ڣȴֺһʮ꣬ȫԼΪԪ˧档
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ţõǰԵԽԽˡ
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56 ͭ
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ˡǰ·СͣΣŴŴ𣬵µôűʵ˰ɣ
ƲһۣóƤҹ۲ţӦ˭֪ǲطҵһûȥĵطҲ֪
׼ٳЦһС⻰С۾ֱ˫վܻ˵ôˣԼȥľɵ
ߺߣһ֮ɫƤǰȥ
ı飬СıӺ۾Ťһȥˣ˰죬ƺ뵽ʲôӰವһ¾ʹ˳ȥ
ৣֻһӰǰֹʧԼС
µȫ˿ǰ治Զһŭ֮
̽ͷֻǰŽٺΧһ޴ӰɵľһѪħ󣡡
ֻѪħŵضɽҡĽŲȺкֱײʱ⽣ӰϣȴֻǽһǣûʲôЧǼŭ
Ѫħ޴ĳһ˦Χ˱ҷʮԶڵһĳ鴤ѪأҲش
Щļµӣڰȥ
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ӣԡѪӦûڡ΢΢ġ
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ϵķӦûǼͬӪ
УӡһѵѪĳͼЩ죬ǻеڶӶţལıʶ
˵ལӶŵųһ̤Ž׵ǿߣ»кü˽׵ǿߣ
УһŻ£һĳ쳤ɢſֲϢǿߣȻǳལӶŵų̷
󣬻վϢһǿߣལӶţΪ˵õԡѪѾ㳲ڱصá
ⲻͬεУҲ˽ǿߣһ˵Ϣ̷֮ҲѷȻҲǰ˽۷弴̤Ž׵ǿߡ
ǰĳ̷ü΢ŲԶļ˵죬һְɡ
ôųѾͲסˣǳལôˣĻõҳ֡˽۷壬Ĵ󺺣еľ޸һ飬˵
ĿǰûжʧҺͳ̷뻢ıƤǵĲ١
ߣ
״̷һһӰ˵ȥǺһֱͷĴҲϹ˼Ҽҹ棬Ҳ᲻ͷ۰ɡ
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̬ˣ̷ָȺкֱײѪħ˵ֽǴԡѪ˭ܵõ͸ƾֶˡ


65 һ
ãȻųô˵ˣǾ²˳١
˼һ֮󣬲תǱߣʵֵ֪ô
üͷ˵ºֻҪħˣԡѪ飬ҾͲˡ
ڳзľѹԼһߣм˽ǿߣֵȻҲżʮˣõóֵİ˽ǿҲֵܣžǾͷҡ
Ȼľګô򵥵ĵ֪ģҲԡѪˣԻõħ˻㡣
ûˣǾһְɣ̷ЦһһѪħȥȳˡ
ɢǿϢӰս֮ѪħȻû֮ǰ޿ˣҲʱı̳һĿѪۡ
кϷˡǳ΢΢䣬ѪħɽСĿ˹ȥ
壡
ѪħƺҲǱƼˣ⼸ֻǿ׳ϽսȻʱûܸ˺ȴҲܵв
ԣˣ
Ѫħ󳤱ӣߵˣȻ𳤱ǣѪеſһεˣɭеľҲɪɪǹιһǿ磬ʱһɳʯľݻ١
˵һʯ֮󣬶ɹ֦ɽתѪħ̬૵벻ôͰƵزˡ
СˣҪˣ̷סΣһߵˣһߴȵ
ѪħڳХУһĨɺ˸֮ɫѪʼӣ䣬ѪħӴ鲼Ѫơ
Ѫħ֮ھŽħ֮ڣ޵УΪӵп񻯵
ڽ񻯺ɱΪֲѪħȵھŽװ֮λϡ
Ȼ񻯹һڣʱѪħʱ
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ҪӲСĵ㡣
̷֮ɫȻѪħٶȲ죬ֻͬ˵ģ߰˽׵˵񻯺Ѫħ󣬾جΣ
ѪħٶȱҪ죬ңֻҪҲشǰ˽ǿߣֻҪһΣա
磬Сģ
һֵӪ˰һѪħĳǣħľȴҵؿڣʱؿڱֱȥѪ³
أ
صͬ˵ķһԶԶ׷˳ȥѪգûأ˱ǻ˹ȥۿǻˡ
˽۷ǿߣԳһ
أ˻
죡뺦𣿡ҪǱ߱ȥ̷żشǳ
Яĺǳ죬ԶѾһۣ˫ĿʱһƬ죬һо޸ѪħȥӺƴˣ
ħ״̬ȻҪͻƾŽ׵ļˣ
ҲӣžԼԶأ̾˿ӻͳһСƿ
ΪԼֵܶԼԶȻڣҲҪһѣվŵʸ
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ԺȫصӰһںȾƣԼӦΣȥȥϱɻ飬˭֪ȴΪԼʧȥ
һҪʬΣ
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ڼȵھ뷢йУоһ֪̤˾Žף˲˹ͻȻһŨҵΣ֮д
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ߣǻҪлųĺˣһ˵
֣ǻǾ콫նɱȥǵܻܵеþû̷һ˵ţһ߻гѪħնȥղʲô¶ûһ㡣
ֵһһȺˣһĻݽҧﶼ飬·ֻڤɭķ֮һ
磡Ƕŭ졣
ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ǶСЩҪ̫ȻͿ첻ˣġ
䣬ĿⲻȻĿˤ֮ȴ㵵ķ֣һĲ£ѾվȻɫҰףؿʺһƬȻûΣˣ
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ܵһȵĿעԼ漴ȥһϲĿԼϽ˸ơ
ʱȻԼ¶ĺʱ
쿴ƣֿ޴󰭵أתΣѹסԼеĿϲȻϵĹѪħ󣬵ǣѾڱ
ѾͻƾŽף񣬾û˼ȥᡰԡѪ̷ҲδػԼ
ʱ򣬿϶޷һս
أ
˵ĻУѪħڵ˵ϣ˽׸ֽϣ̣Ѫħ㲻ٶʱ˶ԼͬĿħɽ˰ѪħԣԴһ޴˿ڴпȡһöȭͷСħˡ
̷վھ붴ǰ棬ڲϽ̸ţɴǵģ˲δЭ顣
ȡħˣ׼ż˻ȥ۽ȴƳĿԼȻлҪ˵
Сֵܣлˣ֪Сֵôƺ
߹Ǳȭм˵ŽĿ⿴أҲ΢΢һЦʾԼ޴󰭡
粻ôҲֻΪ̲סȡЦЦ˵ң˵ʵҲλ
СֵܹȻʵڣܺҵθڡ쿴ж˼֮ɫˬ˵ܿڣֻҪģ岻ݴǣ
򶴿ڴֻǳ̷Ѿֹͣ˽ڼȻѾЭˡ
õԡѪҲֱӿ˵ԼҪ
˵Ļüͷ΢壬ЦСֵܣʵ֪ӦûҪ󣬿ǣƾЩ˵ȣѺǳ̷
磬ղʹõĵҩһö߽׵˵ҩߵԣ˵Сֵܻ˵ˣԼƵģ
ʲô
һ𾪵ĿĲš


66 
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ȻֵҪõԡѪΪ㿪һ·˵գǴأ̷ֱˡ
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̷ؾȻ˶ݵʱڣܹվߣʱڱһĨ죬Ҳ
鵤Ǿ͵ͬӵеڶڣǳ̷ҲЩˡ
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Žǿ߶κβˣοǡ
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ʱһԶԶĴһӰڲԶˣѾ˵ٶǰš
ӰԭЩȺһ
Ф棡Ӱ֮󣬳̷ɫһ䡣
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һۿȥҲһ飬һŽף˽ףһ۷Լµ꣡
Ф棬Լĸоȫɲ⣬ֻվһɳصѹ
ȻҲǾŽ۷壡
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ôһǿĶ飬Ф룬ľѰˡ
Сӣ㣬ԶȻù˿ɱֱû㣡
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ĸ齩ڼ䣬һɵĺĴ˹֮ľǻήƺһ
ȣФ˲ûע⵽ֱѾۿɼǲž

ҽҲһ쳹ɭ֣ĸ鵱УЩ׵ˣȻΧЩһήȥͬʱҲŨˡ
Фһʱ䣬ŷԼŽ۷ǿߵƣɢΧĺһסߵФ
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Ļ˳һǵĹͥһһ˽ӣΪ˳ɳΪ˵õõ似ѡˣ͵ԣĹ
ɴˣҲԼһƬأһĬĬŵˣΪŽǿߡ
ֻǣʮǰĹϵʱ򣬱ֺҹӶӶ׷ɱڤ֮ɭΧ
ܣֹᴩţҲȷѾФǶŶĻʵ㲻ǶĻ㾿˭

ĻʱһЦФ氡Ф棬ʱҵȷڵϦǺҵõһű֮̽飬Ӷһ٣


67 ޵
ڶĻĿЦ£Ф˵ɫȴѿ
ĿǰҲԣĻǻпܣԵɺҵõԡѪ
еõĵͼȻǶĻɢȥǵõģΪľҪ
Ф棬ͣҲеýյĳɾͣĻФ棬Ũҵĺû˿أһɲ
ǺǣôĪΪСκǲɣФ滰䣬ƴΧΧƵĺֱɢס
Ф濴ǶĻԼⷽŽǿߣλϣŽǿߣȫûа־⣬һΣյϢϴФüͷһ壬֮˵Ʋ룬뿪
ųİɣֻҪ½˾һڣ;ųܵ˺Ӧһ󣬱վФߡ
Ф棬ҿôкνɣĻںеĺɫһФȥ
ûʸ񣡡Фһȭž޴ľһȭӭĶĻ
أ
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Сģ㿪ԼսФһ㶣Ǵѵ
վǲ˽ǿߣɹĺɫӰǺ⣬ФʱʱеĻȥ
Ф棬żյϢ
Ļһɱ̴ðˣֱ˽ǿߵĹǿнΧС
͡
һӴһɹɸʴĶʹð

սİ˽ǿߣڴ˿Ҳʹ˻
ѵǶĻһλʦԶһĻһղ˽ǿȥʱ˵ζһ˿ͣͣ˻û̫⣬֪ǾϮɵģ
ͬʱӰ˽ǿߣȻֻһ˲䣬˭֪ûоȫء
ųߣ˽۷½˾һĻĶ˰أ˭˵ʵΣûһ˿սͷФ뿪ֻϣܰȫĴδ뿪
ĻСˣФŭһ˫ϷųĹ󣬴žҵƷĻܣФͬһԴһ㣬ˣԭ˵ĺɫʱɢ롣
Ž۷壬Ȼǿ˹
˿ڲסʹ˻ŵİ˽ǿߣҲС
Ƭ̣˵Ӱʧ֮Уܱԭֻǵĺ˿̱ͬѪһ죬ͬѪĻѪеĶħ
ڲԶĳ̷ɫԵúܲȻʲţʵΪһȻ׾ŽףҲֻһõĳ֣Ȼи߽˵ǳ̷񸶳һۻǿ׵ĳȻҲңǽһ˽׵ҲԼΡ
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ְɣ磬ƲԸˡ
̷ɫѵĻ֪Ҳ֮ˣǺ
˻ɫҰղ˽ǿߣǲԼĴڣҳ̷˵Ҳ٣ɱ˲գ۵ĶĻ֪ԼˣԼ³Ҳһ
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üͷ˿ܣԼˣ߽ףѪУʧ˴룬Ȼ֣ܹɢһЩѪȴҲûФǵʵôɾɢȥҪ˶ãʣ֮ˣҲҪ˵ĺˡ
ã֣ϣǾԺһĻᣡл˵
̷Ȼ˼ҲʲôɵӣľѰȻ಻Ϊ֪Ľף϶ҲպԼĳལиĺ
Ф棬㱾𣿵絽ȥˣĻɵĶФĹʱԷ̵
ֱФѾФջߣɫֱõҲûٹĻͳһƿһŵҩȥ
ĻѾôĻǰֲô壬ͰɣФ浭˵
յϢˣôФųȲˣĻһ
Ļû뵽ǵӹһ١ȻԶԶ뿪ȻǰҲòһŽ׳豩ŭһ뵽⹷ҪԼ׵ķĹľƽ

ǵĺɫӰ˿ȴĴЦĥɰ㣬һ
Ф濴ɵİûԼĿġԡѪ
ȻԡѪѾĻ֣ȻĿŵԼҡ
ֻǰĻѾǵĶĻˣԼһ˹Ҳ֣֮ƣֻ֮ٶֱȽһЩ
ǣФǳľѰ߿˿ԱԼ̬ȡ
СЦʲô豩ǳ
豩Ī㻹ΪܳԶˣվһսߣĻȥۿ棬һź⣬ʱΧĺǼѪţƼ嫣ѾѹФһͷ
һϣ˵豩ŭһȷ𹥻һ̤μٵĻ
ͬʱһҳФҲͬʱ֡
Ǿٶ𣿡ĻβϵĶţƲĲȴÿζյıܿ˵Ĺ
һ󹥻ˣȻĻ½Ƕûд
Фľѡ
˿ˣԲǶĻĶ֣
ͳڣϽ뿪
Ļһ𣬳̷һ˫ӣһûкͨкˡ
Ͻؼȱ˾ҪȥľѰһתȵ
ˣ
仰󣬳̷ɫʱһ䣬Ǳ㿴ĶĻվԼǰ
ء
һ̷ǱˣֱС㱻Ļץסӡ
ɱңҪʲôҶ㣬ɱң
ܵױˣһ˽ǿߣȻʧɧ졣


68 Ϸˣ
ˣȻû֣
ˣĻǴЦõһҵˣ޹⣬һүүҾһ
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үүڣʹдһɡûİõһɫȥ
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Ҫ֪ǿӶŵľ񣬿ɶ˴¼Щ£ٶᴫȥһЩ
ӺҵĹӣĻȴƫԸǡ
豩ԼɹǳĻĹֻӲջؽס
˶֮£ô˵ҲҵĽ֮ܳһҪͷҲֲԼϵ
ϡſ豩
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ⱲǷ϶ˣ̰ҵ涪λȥڲţҲʲôвˡ
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ʶԡѪǿ󣬸ǼᶨҪõԡѪҲΨһܹĻˣ


69 ԡѪ
һʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̡
壬ɲˣ۵ȻҪʲôʲôԴ似κη棬϶õġ
ڣ˾⣬һ̣
˵ղǸݲļһܲʵ

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գǳΧȥ


70 ѵ
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ʣһµڤ֮ɭʹʵһʵķԾҲ㹻ĵȥӦͶӵĳУ
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ڵеЩܵĴУһ˿˿ҵıŰ֮Ҳ𽥵ı

һڰ̴ӿ³ܵԼڵ״̬֮ǰκʱҪã۷ΪҲȹ

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ת۾͵磬˻صԺУԺеȴԪ˵ģһ鴤ŵļ߽׻ظɢʹȻС
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ŹǵΣҲʹԼ似Ԫȥ
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ţڼԪ֮ʱǰһһޱӳǰؿһۣ˵ɳȥ
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壬ң֮裬Ҷӱ
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71 ֮
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ǲ٣ǣΨΪ濴أеʲôԭȻ֪


72 ɱ
ܺãգͿˣֻҪܻɱұҼ֮λ΢΢˿
ͶлˡһЦòŮȥ˺á
ֱŲԶϵЦݲˣ
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ڣǿǸˣҪȡɣҲһס

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73 
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75 
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76 ˭ҶҶ
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77 
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78 ȫ

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ûͣŻԵ䣬һӰѸȥ֪٣š

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80 һ
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84 
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85 ʹ

ҧ⣬˫ּ䣬ģӡʼʵĽ֮ɫӡɢ޾ѹ
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ǵ֮ɫӡ֮Уһɿ񱩵Ĳб˳ƴľӿ룬Ҫ;ݻһ
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һϯҲõĿǰ̬ԡ


86 
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ڶӰһ޴ʯ̨ϣʯ̨Ϸһ޴ˮ֮еĳһһ֡
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˭ҲûϵԭһϢͷħޣȻһս֮

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ʵǶԻˣзֻǣûϵǻô󵨣ĸͬʱڳľħˡ

ӶеĳǹڴЦغ㣬죬лǵħˣ
һˣȥĵ·ϣԾ¸Ϻġ
죬ôĵӣغһۣڣһĨɫ˫˫֣׷߷
ϣ
ҪԽʱһƿǹɨ˲òͣӰ
ء
Ǻģ˱Ǳ˳ȥײѪ
ǣûͣ£ץ𼸿ŵҩУһ壬ٴϮˣҪסǵĽŲȡʱ䡣
죬ȻִҾͳȫ㣡
һĨϣٴ˸Ű׹⣬ֱӡ˵˵еؿϡ
顭
ʱؿڱһѪҲߵķݰ㱻׷˳ȥ˼ʮԶǿǿųǹվ⿴ԶѾֹͣ
һӣһ콾ʹ
˻
쾹Ȼֱնɱ˻죬ʱȺУ쳹һ
˭ϵ쾹ȻҶԻ֣֮ԼҲûϵ
ĿȴǴﵽˣѾΪȡ㹻ʱ䣡
׷ˣͳͳɱ⣡쳹Ƭ֡
غ㣬ֻǵ˰վһۣҲûԥ׷ȥ
죡
ڣˮǰǱ߱һΪԵߣѾ죬ǲϵɢһױȵǿơ
ǣܵɲƵĴںƺ΢΢˹ûгֻ֣ŭųԡ
ͷСиʲô֮أۣǺ󱲼ˣֲִҼҳ죡һĨЦ˵
Ȼ˵֮أᷢһЩͻǣֻҪ漰ҳԱһߡ
ϾпܾͻΪսߡ
ǣͬˣѾû취ȥ
ʱߣֻѡ
վмߣĻȻüͷ΢΢壬Ҳûп˵
ϾȷûΥ֮صĹ
˿ǿѹ¼ŭ΢΢ţĿ⣬ٴתƵˮ档
ѳɶ֣޷ıˣܳ嶯Ȼֻûٲ֮ء
ԣֻöħ˵Сһܹӹһ١


96 ǰǺ
УȥȰ㣬ڴдû¶ٺۼ
죬һҪţ˿̣˵е
֪غ£֣õĽ֣Ҳǲзϣ
ûϵ쾹ȻѡԼΪԼϺȡʱ䡣
˽Ӵʼ˴˵ӡ󣬶ǺܺãǶ棬ڣǵ϶Ҳ׵ûˣʣµģֻеǡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴаɣΪҪԵǣ󶥼ŵ׷ӲĻ³Ҫң·һ
оڣһ·ϣ಻ͬĺۼܹƭǣܹȡʱ䡣
Ҳڣķڵǡǡ෴ģԣҲȥǡ
ֻҲֹۡ
غ죬ʲôĴڣһЩ۷˲һ۾ܿȥ׷Ҳֻǳ£

֮ӯӯ˷ֿĵطһƬӯӯһ˶Уûзκ졣
ѵСˣ
ͻȻԶһɫһ䣬һֺܲõԤдͷӿ
ôˣԵӯӯܿͲı仯ʵ
ֲ֪ԤСҧ۴˵Σ֮дûйôŨ
Ҫȥᶨеĳ
ʲô⣬ҽΪʲôһΪʲô
һǴ˳ǰǴȥ
䣡ӯӯе˲ӳʮԶˡ
ʣµѧԱǵӳӰĿⶼӯӯȻҲŲ²⵽ôеԭ
ӯӯüһ뵽ԵĿǿֲĹӢٶĵƣǵݣҲȡɡ
ȥ
ӯӯҧǵ϶ֹۣҲһǰȥˣȻҲĲ¡
˵գһӳУ׷αȥ
˼״Ҳֻ̾һ˵ͷ£Լ˱Ҫһţ
ĿĵУ֮ǰʮӰԶȥ
ͷɢſֲϢħڵϣ˿ͷ­϶ƿһ󶴣ħѱȡߣûһ˿Ϣ
˿ѾмͷûǵҰ⴦ԶԶĿڵɢһ˿˿ֲϢʬ塣
ھͷħԶһӰվǣĿ⿴ԶԵͦΣɻȴûһ˿ļ
ৣ
ͻȻһƿͷûǵҰ޾һɢܡ
˻
еӯӯһ˵ȣƻ֣ѧԱɵĵһǾŽħɵ𣿣
ħѾȡˣߵͷħԳ˵
йһսңභ֮˵ʵԶԶҡӯӯüͷһ壬Բħ޴ɵĺۼɫΪء
ü΢΢壬û˵˫ĿɨӹܣԶǵӰɵһ˫ͫҲɵһ
ģ߿ȥǵվűԼ˵ӰΪϤˡ
죡
컪ѧԺѧ״һӵߣαͬľһǴ
ҲȺִԣſ壬ؿڴһ͸ӡȫȥһƬѪģ£ѪһأûϢ
ʵΨӯӯǿѹһͷ˿ȴ³
һ˿˿˽ŵһɱϢļ䡣
ڽ֮ǰ֪鷢⼸ȻΣգҲûй˿һĻǵĳνޱȾ޴
ԭԼʵΪǿ֮һˣݻΪӣȻɥڴˣ
СС𣬲ⲻܣСһûµġһ˿㯣һ˿ˮӳ
ʵҪǿ춼ɥڴˣأΪûӰ
䣬û£
ӯӯѹеıݣͳ˵ⷽļӦΪ˰˶ϺɵģȻʵвҪȴҲ¡
ΪҳԱǶԷĿҪȥȻΪԲ䵽³
ӯӯͬץľһ㣬һס֣еʵ˼СħˣΪϺš
ӯӯ˫Ҳǲ˵ǵɫȻԼвǺⷬǿԭ䣬˿ŵģһ˵ֻĵ˵ͷο䣬ͬʱҲοԼ
ǽȥ飬ͽˡ˼£ӯӯһ˷Ը
ǲܹõħˣҪģҪƽ¡

ʱȫģƴȫڲţ֪óغ׷ϣԼڵʵֻһ;
𣡡
һĺǰƺھԼء
Žħޣ
һɱͣǹһ˿ЦӲ𣿡
Сô𣿡
һЦ֮һ󼱴ٵƷӰ
ǳغˣ
ȻҲ޺˵עŲԶվŲһ˿Ϸ֮ζ

һηͬ˵ֿһ㣬Ŀǡ
ôˣ
δеϷ֮⣬޾ɫʵ
ߣǸĶȻҵĽŲһƻɱˣһȻûһ˿⣬ͬ˵Լּ䴦һͷͨħһ㡣
ˣ
⻰ɫ˲һĪĵ׶Ȼ
ʣΪģ
ҲվѪ֮ϵģĪĳʹŭޣϵ
ΣǻиϼһڣǻͱҴˡ첻мƲ

۾ֿĵס
ԭҪһƴʹı⣬ҪȥҪ
ȻζԵ죿
СӣҰĲСȻô˼䣬öħһ͵ߡ֪֪θ̫׳أһԣغһעЦ
ٽħ˽ãܷһ·ţ֪ΪΣжһ˿һĨâԾѾɱ
Ҳ뵽غ㣬׷ϡ츳֮ˣӣ
ʱһO@ʮȺӳվİΧס


97 Ƿ
磬ǻ𡣡һ̽꣬ߵغ˵
ʱڵΪڶ߽۷ˣǸ̵ӡ
Ŷѹ߽׶ȻǰôԶغӦһһ˿Ȥ֮ɫ
Ȼ
Ĺ֮ˣˣһ
죬Ƿģе̾һȻΪλԼȡǵʱ䡣
Ϊ˻
İɣԸһɣңһΪᣡᶨĮĿų졣
ħ𣿡ЦһһӣһâХΪһ磬Զȥ
ȥɡ
ӳħ˺һͷ֮ǰ޺ּ֮䣬ת˲ʧС
ħӳ֮ʣӪӳӰħȥδѾʼˡ
غͳһۣжһ˿֮ɫöħˣֻһ飬ȻԼʱ䡣
ߣѰ·
֮ǰħ޵𣬲֪ǾŽ׵ħޣУЦһȴû׷ȥǿغ㡣
Ӫ֮˶ѾƴûȣغûпڣҲδϢѾס˳졣
˰죬һƬûһ˿֮ǰħϵĺҲδغһͻ뵽ʲô
ԣ
غ㽣üһ֮ǰħ˴Ӷȥ;غ˶ɫһ䣬æÿҵǰ
غ㣡˫ĿһɣŭһҲ׷ȥ
һ·˸غ㣬䣬غõöħˣʱһҵľֱĺ󱳡
غɫһ䣬ħϮĳȥŭһ
ӭħˣ΢һĽӹɫһ䣬ɫ˲
öħˣ֮ǰԼɢϢǾŽħˣʱһʱҲû̫ࡣ
ħһ֣Լ͸оˣûһ˿ϢֻһöѰľŽħˣ֮صʮöħ֮һ
˶ȻҺŪӣҪСȫ׷ȥŭһαȥ
ʣ֮Щ㶣˭û뵽Ȼô󵨣ȻϷŪˡ
ƺ˶ųȥ붫һۣغ㡣
׷غ΢˼Ҳ׷ȥ
֮ڣһֻʮöŽħˣҪǱȥöƱػǵȻҲԸġ
׷𣿡
ܵĶڲһĨɫûж㿪޺෴ģֱȥ
𣡡
һͷ޴ɫħܣһʯϣ˫űӣЩڴԼ̵ϣзŭĺУɽ֣ԶﷶΧĴСħ޶ǲֻʵӴܶȥ
ߣҪͷħס𣿡׷ĳ죬߳һĨм
䡭
ħֱԾĿȡȴ뵽Լ̵֮ʱΧ涼һ󶶲ҳ
ȥ
з𣬽̤Ʈ첽յĶһûκλҵþһʯֱħܵ۲
ء
صħܣϵǰСϣȻҷԼʱʯȻûиɴˣǣȴɹŭ
ħܵĳ޺ûԽħڵ򣬶ǳ׷ķȥ
ƾȻ޷ԣħܵ׷ɱԣ뼫ط
֪Сӣ
˻ϣʱ¶һĨЦ⣬˫һŰ׹⣬ȴײ

һҾʱһĨϷʵɫվһ֦ͷ΢΢һٺֱֵУֱת˷
ܣ
ڳҪ׷ȥʱһͷܣ߸ԾֱӾ֮ء
󣡡
ֻñȳһɭĻߣͬʱγơ
Ǵ˿̣ԾѾˣħѾ뵽˴ƺĶ鵱УһͻʱֱӲ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
ģ
컹ȥ׷𣬵κοֳ棬òͣǰħܡ
ȻҪǴʱңǷͷħȥôٻʧһҡ
ʧ
ҾͲţܵȥԹ޵һԶȥһۺƴչųħܡ
գ
һ·ǱУ˿
ţûˣǣȥħܵŭ𣬻תͷ죬ǶǼΪðյģڼ߸˿һʧ
⻹Ҫ鹦ĳ侲̬
˺ԶһξȷϳһѾڶԸħܣ׷ŻһЩŲͳһöش̷ֱȥ
žžž
ʱĴУȴͻأһ
ţǿعغ㣬ӲŻ˳ԴҲΪ
ܲ۷壬㽫ŽħŪڹ֮䣬òغ
غƣĿһ䱸ƺų֣һѾ֮С
Σ֪˲ȸں󡣡ǸһĨЦҲߣֱ֦ϣָĵ뾫
ԣ֮Եغų֣֤͸Լֻǣóһѡ
Ŀǰ״ҪӰ˽۷غߣûʲôᡣ
Ǹˡ
û˷ܣغҲһĨɫͬʱҲ˵ҵ鱨ǳԻһСǵƽܹ䣬ӵɾͣǳѵá
˵ʲôƳһۺ󣬱ŬĻָ
Ǻǡ
غ֪ʱ䣬Ҳ˿ż˵ұعǳϣż룬ֻҪԸұӪҿԸһöħˣڣ֪Σ
˼ѾȷҪ
Ȼ˵ʱľ粻ߣǣĳ䣬˺ܶණܸ㹻Դʱ䣬ǾԲԼ١
ŶЩĿ
غϣ죬˺Ӱӡԣ츳ô覴
ˣעܹɾһҵ
ǻ֪Լ֮ǰҲֻ֮£ῼغǣ֪Լϵǻ֮˺ôܹΪ˻Լ
غֵĺ⣬ˡ
ڵ棬ŲԶغ㹰˹֣˵ŵ飬غҲһҶǲѩޣɱ죬Ʒкϣ


98 
Ҳ˵㲻Ըұأ
һĻغɫȴ仯˲٣Ҳٳֵܡ
ǿǣȴǲ֮䣬ľ磬֮ȳԸһΪȳһꡣ
뱱أĲɱ˳죬ǾԻ֮ս
ɲԸΪһ˲ţĶ
ˡѴܵı仯ҲǷ
ԭΪһˡ
غϧ˵ͬʱȴͻȻɢһǿƣһһħˣһһ
ħģҪǴҵʬߣѾ˺ƤҲֱչֳ֮ͬʱתԡѪһɱҰްϢɢ
ŶȻе㱾£ƾЩԶԶʸ񰡡
۷𣬾Ȼ߽۷ƣغҲɵľ̾һĿһһ̤ȥ
ǣȻΪãǾ͸ֹڴ˰ɣ
ƣ
غֻƱͨ죬λδǹһǿȵľ磬ƣѰ߽۷ǿҲӲ
Ȼغû˿֮⡣
ΪԼ֮ǰŽħɱоеСˣᣬŽħޱһȻŵҩĸԼǿʱѹסƣе̫ˣóߵĶʱϵħ˭Уˡ
ߣûʸҪԹ֪
ЦһغΣ漴˫Ŀһ죬ϵĻҲ͵һȼ޻εĲܲãһȭ
֪غԼɱģҪܵҪѣȻȵˣԼ߾ˡ
ȭ
أ
ײ䣬һ޴쳹غ΢΢ɫЩصĿŶ
ȴˣÿһ̤һǳĽŲֱʮ󲽲סΡ
غ㣬ʵɣЩ΢΢ֱȵղһӴԼ͸оˣغ״̬ûбϵôá
ߣ
غһԭͨƸͬˮһ㾧Өٽһƣơ棡
ȭ죡
ŭһ溳ȥ
䣡
һеľɪɪƬֶ
Ǳߣ
СǱߣ
δɢȥսŭ֮Զ
غɫһ䣬ԭΪֵ飬ȻЩ֣ǹôģ
Զƿ֮غûԥһգǹõУһϢ˲ɢ
ܱƵҶǹ߽Уǵһ
غЦһǹңңһָȵǹ£۷ʵ˵ȥ԰ˣ
Ҳʹǹģ
ԶһƲް⣬Ǵһ˿Ц⿴غ㣬һɵѪ
ƣغüͷһ壬гǹһڣһǹֱǰ
ԡѪ
һȣһĨ콫ڸǣѪ˲Ǵһ࣬Ѫӭĳǹ
ƣ
غŭһгǹֱһ̣ǹͷһǺâֱѪд͸
𣡡
ѪŭһƿƬ̹⾰㱻ӵһ㣬ųǹغȥ
󷽣ѾܼϣӰˣƺѾ˹ˣȻЩɵԼδڵȴų˰ɡ
Ҳм˸˹վغ󣬶һŵĿһĻ۷СȻܽ콾֮غƵһز
غɫһ䣬һҧгǹһصĹ󣬺ȻһƵ
ǹ
غһǹޱȵƣܺɨǧһȻѪϡ
أ
ѪʱΪѪɢ
ʱغ˫һɫǿһڷӿѪǻѪеоһŨҵв֮дģϴ
𣡡
Զһʹ޺Ȼͷħڳ˵ΧѾҪֲסˡ
ʱѪ𽥵ȥغ˫ͫһڿǹв֮еԴвϽӡ˫֮䴫ģ
ʱһģӡѾ𽥳ͣһв֮дغĵ״
ߣ
غһҧһαˡ
֮˼״ҲǶ˵غȥ
غľû˼Ĳͷԡ
ⱱصţԼǿ󣬼Ȼ˵ߣǿ϶ҲԭģȻûغģ
ţغȻˣ
ô£ص˶ܹˣ
ǿ϶ͷĲҺ֪֮ǴҪˣԲô죡
һ֮˴Цһȥ
˼״ҲǼӶǼɵغ㣬۷Сǻɾ£
غ϶ƣɵǴĳ죡
öŽħ˰
˿ȴɫȻغ㻹ǲˣ뿿ԡѪʱסȡʱ䡣
ȻһǴ񣬾ɱغ㣬Ҳش
ʱ򣬳ˣǼ׷ɱԼغ̸ģغɡ
ܽغƳ֮أʣ»ôڵľŽħˣ
죬ȰյϢɣĿĿԼӰ
֮ˣǰһ˺Ȼ߽۷ǿߣ˿ǹһĨЦ⿴ǰ𣬿ǿǱǴ׵ɫȴûһ˿ĻҵɫһͻһĨ֮д
ȥɣӡ
һѳ͵ĽɫӡȻƳӡȥ
һľ㵣ֶĽɫӡǣδǰѾһɴСľƣ׵ǣԹȿֲֶΣʱɫҰףغΪβսˣϧѾΪʱ
أ
һӴһɰԵľϮֱ˵ķһ㣬˲Ѫͬ˵ķһȥ
䣡
һ쳹Ƭյľ𣬽ɫӡķ֮ȻͷĺԶһƬԡ
һۿɼĲӼ˲ܻĴ±Χľɷ籩ĵ£ǴĴҲıѣ粨һɢһӡĳǴ
׵ĵӰһ࣬Ѿû˿Ϣˡ
ꡭꡭ
ڵĴŴһŻشУЩصĲĵڵϵӰȥ
ŵϵľʬ壬ϲһɵѪɢУ˵ۿɼٶήңɿȥ


99 ԡѪǿ
ߣҪҵҾͽľӢһһնɱҾͲһ䵥
һ˿ɫԡѪԼǰħ޵ľѪѱƵ·ˣΪ˾Լǿϧĺ뵱Ļһĵ·
Ͼǰһ𣬿ɲʲôƲ硣
󣡡
쳤Хһηӵ£ųһĻߣ˲䴩ɫħܡ
ء
̣ԭѾߵľŽħȻأһѪг𣬳鴤һûϢ
Ž׵ն뽣ˣһѧԱͽʱһƬ֮
ƺһ˶һľ⣬ʵ̫ǿˣ
쵭ЦһȻãڳŽ׵ħˣ˵ȥ׷ǻС
³֮ƺλȻǵǷħˡ쿴֮ǰԶ˵
ųֵΪˣԵƺһ߽۷壬Ȼ֮˿˵
ǺãǷɢΧȥΣҪС·ӣһһ˿֮ɫ
ŵ¼ѾΪˣǿУǲȥպ˵Ϊͷ󻼣
ڳϵ֮ʱѾѪΪա
ȻûͻƵ߽ףǣĵȴֱӻָ۷壡
治
ȭͷܵ಻ӿһĨĹâ
ӵԡѪµӦþ˺սˣ
Σҿӣ
ٴμ󣬳еĳֱָҪ
ǡ
ܵɭϢǣȴһĻȣһʧԭأֱײȺУһһ߽۷֮˵ĲϣѪ룬˵ۿɼٶȸɿȥѪŨˡ
˲Ϣ䣬ɱ߽۷֮ˣʱΧˣëէ𣬶ȥֵĿħ
ʲô
ܵǿϢҲһ㶣Щ
ɢ
ٴɱһ˺󣬳ŷӦæͬʱ׷𣬡СɱҴӢҶҪٱ
㣬û
ֻǵĿһ׷ϮĵһЩѾŵľӢ󣬱ͷħܴȥ
ѾܵƿڣܹͷŽħ޵ľѪп߽ܽף
ڣˮǰ
ߺһĻĻ˶УɵģеߣǷǰǸӵϡ
Ͼôǽ֮Ϊ͵һˡ
ǣȴһˣ
ӡԾѾ൱ǰ˽׵ܣ޷
似Ǹߡ
رǴʱȫѾǽƺˣϷˣ֮䣬õĳߵߣɫ
˭ԼľӢո鶼á
˿̣ߣȴһĨϣ⣬ͬʱƺҲˣΪΪϺˡ
ԣǴ۷꣬츳Զ죡
ң߸֣ھУû˿Ļңķǳ侲ǰԣ𾪲ѡ
ѵĶӣ뵽ǰյ鱨һĨɲ⡣
֪زأӲӲḷֱ́иָɣ
ȻѾסˡ
ϾԿͷŽħܣʱ״غˡ
Ϊҳκβ𣿡
ŭһһɸΪǿϢٶȣҲȻ䣬Ѿı
˽۷壿ȣһȭ˱Ǳ˳ȥĺҲ˲١
ȿȡ
ǿվѪԶͷŽħܵʬ壬ʱһһѪ߰㿿˹ȥħڣȡľѪ
û뵽ұ¶ˣ㣡컺ھŭ
벻飬ء
˲ǵѪվĻӦ
ţ
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˿ңĿ£ΧѪ۳Ѫҡҷֱӳȥ

ǽӽ˿ԥֱӾѪ޴ĳֱӱЩĳϣʱ˱Ǳ˻ȥ»һĺۼʮ⣬ŶסΡ
ߣ
ǿѹЩѪɫԲ԰ס
ȻѪԱҲǺܲܣرǷǳܾŽħһƣҲиơ
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״Ҳ࣬նɱһͷŽħޣҲֱӳһشԣҪԸ죬ǻ˵Ӯ
⻹磬Ƚϻ㣬Ͼͳ죬ҲЩͬ˼
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ɽ
һö˵󣬳вʣͬĵ˵ͷ
ħˣȥɱħޣǣڲնɱʵ԰ģ
غ㣬ȻҲץס
ӣ
غǿ̣һ壬̤Ʈ첽ǳŴִȥ
ܣ
غץеĳǹһ˦ǹ㣬һ̶ƿϮ󱳡
أ
ȻҶȴغ׷ϣֱǱˣΧм䡣
ֻƴˣ
ۼѾѲˣһĺŨˣһɣħıϢӶϯбȵɣҲҪһȥ
ߣ룡
غ㣬ͬʱһһ˳ֽһǹɱ
һ̣ˮǰߣĶ
˶û뵽һǸոս߽׵ˣǱƵǿɱ
ԡѪ
ѪѪ۶һǷֱˣǰ󣬱ֱӱϵıˡ
ȻʱסغĹƣǣһʱɫҲ𽥵ĲҰƶСĺˮϵĴͷ£ڻл㱵ڣƺӯӯ䣬żĳԼ


100 츳
غ죬ôҲû뵽Լ˻ֶԸһ˵һ죬ңһԼ磬Լٵˡ
Ѿҡҡ׹˿
ͬʱУҲӿֳһĨ𺳡
Ȼ˵Լ˲۷״̬ǣҲڰ˽׳ң𣬾ȻסԼ˵Ĺ˳ʱ䣬ʣԼһ㡣
ৣৡ
ʱƿ̣ӯӰ
˭
غ죬ͬʱͷǿλŮһżʱҲһ
𣡡
С𣡡
Ůͬʱõ˵Ŀ
㣬ӯӯ
һ㱣㵹أһѷס
СϢͽҺӯӯˣѾƽغˣüһһ£ĿĿˣеŭû˿ڸ֮ɫ
ϣ
Ů䳤迴غ졣
Ŷڸ¶𣿡
һ˿㵣û뵽ľȻˣƽʱЩ֬׷۵ĳ죬еռ
غȴһ٣üһ壬Żǰӯӯһɵв֮д˵Ľ
λˣǻÿ·ҽСӣٺ۰ǡ
ֻһΪ߽۷ǲ߽׳ڣЦŤͷ˵غ㣬ֻöħˣλҪˡ
غ΢΢˵ͷĬϣаЦһѹ֮ǰû˿Ĺǽǻݵɱѵ֪ǰ߽۷ŮǻԪ˧ıŮ
ʲô飬ƻΪŮӵԵʣԻսȻԶԶ飬ؿ϶
غȻҲѳ졣
ߣ
ӯӯжһ˿ĻȴҲһöħˣϣ
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ŮЩǵĿվŶЩ΢΢
İɣǾ콫غߣұáЦ˵䣬ԭɢĵıջڡ
ӯӯɫ˺ܶ࣬漴һ۵˵ͷĿ⿴غ㡣
ߣ
һ˶˵ӣǲ
澣ƲԳԷƣɫһ䣬һгźХľŮû˿ϧ
죬Ķң
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ߣ
ŭһ𻹸ǰԭŮĳһһ佣һ˵ĽǶȥ
Լ֮ʱԼնɱԼӢѧԱѾ˱ɱ֮ġ
ղţԼغһʱûڻȻ˸óǷŭƴȫƺҪʬΣܽԼͷ֮ޡ
ΨһЦԼ״̬ûбϿôɡ
ǳ˽۷ľԶѹԼһͷҳҪԼҪǿһȣƾ״̬ԡѪԼʱܣȥҲֻǳ顣
غ㣡ӯӯһͬһһغϮȥҲֱӿ״̬һغ㡣
֪ǵȵĹ֮˶ˣǻ֮·Ҳ͵ͷˡ
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ŮĹƣûвһ㣬ֱӯӯеĳͬʱغߣغ͵һιһŲһŲһ
֣
غһ䣬һһâǹ绮˿ռһ㣬ɨŮеĳϡ
أ
Ůݽһʱɨ˳ȥ
ӯӯĿľղǰ㹥£ԼԣܶҪҲҪǳĴۡ
Ǹղغȴǵʯ䣬αһԵ࣬ǳǹһӾͽԼ˻ˡ
еĲ̫ˣ
𣡡ӯӯμ׾Σһɱߴĵȼ
ȫǾ似ȫѹƣ
ৣ
غɵ䣬һˣϸһŤһŴ΢΢һţһתԸٶغȥ
УҲܷ
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أ
ӯӯһ̤֮£³һӣеĳϸһ㣬غȥ
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Ǹνţһͻ߽׵СӶò¡ֽܵĳ
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붼ֱӷǱ֮ˣԶԶСŮޣȴǲôʱ䣬ҲӶ
ţСŮǱ
һϵһֱվм߿дĻܼ߲ɵͫһ
еֽԣҲʱͣͬʱߵڡ

غ㣬ȾţҲֻһ䡰պϡԲ߽۷壬֮ûŮӣȻܻۣ
߶һʵĿǸߣڹâ˸
ˣŮǻ֮ŮΪӯӯʮꡣһ˿⣬ûǵĿ⣬Ƕм߹˵
ɣ
мһ˿ɻȻû˵֣һЦ˵ȥɣ˵СѾͷܴһϲء
ǣ
ܱ˶Ǻ޺޵Ƴɫתͷһۣʵļȥ
Ȼִܱ¿еˣȻĲͬѰ֮ʱ򣬻ôһ츳֮ˣܹı仪ڵľҲ˵
Ͼ磬ǿΪȭͷ˵㣬Ĵִ¾Ҳֲִµһ仰


101 
ߣҪְ׷ѹ֮ˣغֻ΢΢һζǶһҲûжӯӯŮɱ֡
ڵȴȻԳӡϣԴս
Сҿ㻹ֶܼã
켥ЦһԼѹ£Ȼû֮ǰǰӯˣҲԼֵ˿ڡ
˿̵ľ̶ƽ˫ûһ˿ɫʣǲѪ˿Ҳû֪һ㡣
֪ԼΨͻƣѰһ˿
ͻƵ߽׳׵壬û㹻ľѪӵбȽԡѪҲͻơ
ǣʶеľ˿ȴڷתţɫƽȫɶԱȡ
ԭǴ߽׳۷ľŵľͻƣѾﵽ߽ڵĳ̶ȣڣҪ߽۷ƣ
ˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴʱʶڵľɽߵԵʣʶλõĻ磬Īһζһɫϯʶ
䣡
ԭɿˮʶʱµȪһľ籩Ȼӿ
ܵ˳Ķľϣ¶һĨǳǳĻȣϵȻɫõóһ
ߣƣʱ̣ľΪͻƣӿֳҸΪǿˣ
أ
һεĲΪɢ͵һǰطǳ˱仯һİת׽ĸо
Ȼķ֣ǰ޷õ飨ϵԪأȻٴΪƿˣ
Ϊߵһ̣¸ˣ
Υĸо
ֻһץһȫ۶ɵĻ棬֮۶ɣɢĸ£õΧĿռ䣬ǵһۿɼơ
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ˮǰΪִµͻȻһһƬȻɫ
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˶Ŀ⿴ʱȴѹе𾪣ǽĿϣûƿ
Եˣǲ⣬Ǽû˵Ҳѯʡ

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߾ǿְҵ
ֻԥ̫͵ԵʣܿƵ飬ԱȽϡģֻǳɫѡ
˵ӵɫ࣬ȣƣ̣࣬ϣԽ¶ȾԽߣܾԽ˵ܹƿϻ𣬱ܹƿռ䣬سɣ
ԣڹŻĹ˵Уʥ֮ʱǻԤס
ΪSߵ𣬻ĳ̶ȣҲѾﵽǳɫ¶ȣѾܹڻϵκʣ
Ҳܹڵݺ޵е̣
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ٴתԡѪѪһεӳԾĿ£Ѫ飬۳һѪ
ӵҰ޵ı壬ңӵĸ£Ŀ£ǻ㣬ɲ
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ʱһ˿ɫҲʼˡ
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غгǹصһ˸ǹӰٶѿ쵽£ͬʱԵŮ
Сģ
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ء
ǹֱѪͷ­ϣʱֻѪȻֱӱһǹ飬ѪƮĴ
⡭
һǹͬͷһ㣬ԺһĵĵǿǿסΣڣһƬģ
ˣǿԺڵʹžѪٴ۳һͷѪ
٣ն٣
غһųǹٴͻǹ⣬ָĸҪ
û𽻶Ȼ챻ѹǴʱѾվͬһսϣ첻жߣôҪӯӯ˵Χˡ

һȣغֱջ˹ƣƮȻˣǣκȴȻķ֣ѪʱڱһĨŭ
ȻϷˣңغŭɶһȣһɾΪģȻϯƷǷ
ϷˣΣ
ǿסԺڵ𵴺𵭵˵
غ㣬֣նɱС˵
ʱѾָٵĳҲվ˳һҪغΧ
Ҳ𣿣
һŭӲԶţǱ㿴Ѿﵽ˽׵زӯӯ
ͻˣ
غһһĨ㵡
ĹȣǣҲǰ˽׳ңӯӯ룬ҪɱѾãˡ
һۺֱӱ˶Է⣬ʱ˿ȥܳӯӯֱͬʱɱҪնɱڴ˵ء
ԡѪ
֪ҪƴˣٴӿһѪʱѪΪ׳˲٣Ŀ£غ㡣
ӡ
ͷ򾲣ͬʱѾʼӡһɫĹâʱ˫֮ɢ
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ͬһֱ̣Ѫͬʱ۳͵ӡ졣
䣡䣡
ʱ쳹𣬾˳ϯӰȺڱԶ
ۣۣ
غͬʱѪв֪һۣٿѾɱӯӯ䣬ڶһĨʣ󣬻ѡ롣
ǣȥӯӯûʤ㣬ֻѾȻ룡


102 ҫ
غҲûͣһȥʧС
Сû°ɣ
𣬿ǻһ˿Ѫɫ԰ֽһᣬˮۿУЩʵʵ
𣡡
ӯӯҲûȥ׷غˣᲽ˹ڣҲǵ֮ɫ
Լ˱ʹƣҺĹӢûиȻԼҪ¿ɾͲôˡ
غ죬Ȼ֣ԻǣȻһЩ޵ĵƣǿ϶ĵƣ
غĻأȻ𣬵ĿǰԻиΪҪģѹ죡
ھͽƳǵʱǱΪõħ˱ȴЩǿ´Źƴѹء
ȻҲɵӡ
ȻΪС𣬶˴Ƕͷĳ˲¹ͷغ㣬дмּɵġ
ûµģЩ뿪
ŮŨŨĵ֮ɫһЦ˵оǰһڣһɼ֮Ϯǰһڣ˹ȥ
ղ˵һƴײνǵִԼļޣ
ںԡѪѪѾľڷǳǿ״̬ˣһӡǳ뾫
ǿ۾ԼҪŮûд󰭣һɣֻǽһѵʡ
С𡭡еˮҲûסŹ⻬
ӯӯһִֻڼϣ˵ǿЩ뿪ɣûµġ
ҧеĵǣ΢㡣
ӰҲѸٵʧС

ৣ
֮صһǣһΡɽУӰмӶУɫһ˿Ц⿴Զһͷ߽۷ħھˡ
һˣԶһͷ߽۷ħսģˡ
֮ѾʱˣҲûгȥƾŽħޣԱأΪĵĹڰʱڣҲΣغһ˵õһöħˡ
˵ǻͶãӯӯһ˿ӵ󣬿ǰ꣬Цʵ
֮عرֻʱˣöħˣҲͲס˰ɡ΢΢һЦɫУһĨɫ
ܿҪˣ죬֮ҲҪи˶˰ɡ
ǳ֣غǳֶԸǡɫ˽Щǵ˵
غ𣿺Ǻǣǵδء
΢΢һգһ޿Ʊŷŵ˵Ȼа취غ㲻֣
ӯӯģɵĵ˵ͷ϶һĨ۵Ц⣬Ȼ֪ʲôôغ㲻֣ǴǲǺܿϣȴɢĪţŮѡ

ণ
һ֮ϷïֱܵȻ˺ѿһֻӶ£һצ˺ѿ˿ֱץ˹
ݣ
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֡
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ǫˣǻһУҲǾԵ̳ˣʱգͻƾŽҲкܴϣ˵
ҡҡͷһ֮ɫ˵ȥ𣿡
΢΢һЦĿ⿴Զɫ㡣
ȻˣҵȶȻҲ㵽ף̾һڣᶨ˵Ҳ裬زôһǰȥ
䣬ӯӯ뻪ʣ˶վԣƬռ˲쳣£֪ǰ·ĿΪԼеǷȻѡ˼ǰС
ΪǻҫЩԼơ
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죬İɣĳԸҶɵģ

ʱת˲֮룬ͷɢ׺ϢľŽħڲסŭţܱߣʮӰڲϵĴţһһ˺ۡ
غ㣬Ѿõöħˣöħ㻹Ҫ᲻ɣŭ
ߵ֮˭涨֮صħĲɣ
غɫȻĿЩߵĳЦңȥͷŽħޣҲûв𡣡
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ߣ죬˵ע㣬öħҾ£ҺΣغһ˿ҲδЩ̫ƻˡ
ԼһȫûȥʨöħˣѵǻǼ˲ɣ
뵽غлһĨɵǸܲȶء
ԼǲϲֲȶĴڡ
غ춼ûг֣ϴγ˿˿һöħˣǶ˸ֻۣҪԼȫ״̬£޻ء
֮ʮ֮һˣзٵӹԭħڶ֮أƬȴǸİûһ˿Ӱ
໣
𣡡
Ȼûغĳ֣ĹΧɱ£ͷŽħҲʵĵΣ֮˶໥ĿŶԷ
غһֱһͷħȥƺ˶ɫһ䣬죬вܹħ˵Ĵڣ
ɫһ䣬غģȫԼĴڣҲһһͷħȥ
ڳɸߵħʬԱߣͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼͷ
ݣ
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磡
һâųɫĿŵʯתͷУŭȵ˭
ȫհѻȸֻԼٵĺ֮ŭڿлơ
ʮĿⶼʯ֣֮Уߵνֱǰʱ뱱شγֻ΢١
ǰծ
˶סΣһʵɻǰһ㣬ֱߵǰ


103 ͼ
˿̣ȼһ棬кƣһѪȵıϢһԵħ㣬ġ
𣿣
Ĵڶ¶һĨ㵡
غ죬Ҳû뵽ʱվ
Ȼնɱͷħޣһֱ֣ǣǵʵӰȴûд󰭣ʱ֣ܴ
غ֣ħ㾡ȥ£ϣܲҪ֣δ쿪ڣǶغ㵭˵
غ΢΢һУĿ𣬳ϣ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ʵģغ񣬲ǹؼ
غ㣬Ҫˣǻһһٵ˵ܳ
Ǻǡ
вζĻغһĨâ΢΢һЦ˵㣬غ֮ĶԹ
غ㣡
⻰ŭɫޱ䣡
غѾõĿħˣԼŵõţöغߣԼƺһöħˡ
пǶûгֹ飡Լ£ôȶ֮·
غ֣ȥȡħ˾ˣšЦһһгűϢĳɫ۶ɡ
Ѫ۶ɣܣɲС
Ϣ
ģغ㲻һ˿ĪɫһÿζԼٵľȰ
ųãСӽڣƾԼʵȵǿѹһͷң죬ɲǺöԸģܲڳ»Ǹ⡣
غĿɨӹȫŲ̤һ㾶ֱǾħʬȥ
ƺʮǿߣĻɫһ䣬һʱ䣬ȴҲû˸ͷ֮ж˭غԲĴ
غ֮Բ֣ԭҲܼ򵥣Ҫס죬ʣµħˣû
غ㣬ǲ̫˵㣿
ŭһαغ㱬ӶȥһӰ˲Ϣ׷
أ
Ӳһȭ״̬δһΣסΣ˵ĲԶ׼
СغѾ׼ȡħ޵ħˣŭһгһâȥ
Ǻǣ죬ƾңǲ̫ԴЩɫȻ²Ʈ첽
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סŭһ߽۷֮һվǰһʱ䱻סΡ
Сʰ㣡״û˿ͣһͬʸһغȥ
Ǻǡ
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ڿ̻ƵǼʶüˣǷ̶ȣ棬ܹͨġ
ڻἫһʱңһǽ


108 
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壬Ǻĳ죬ƿԡѪѪؼѾˡ
ˣҲֻľѪҴݻٵķʽʹǽԼҪȥӲǾͭģҲס
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Уһʱܿ͹ȥˣյ˫Ҳ˿һ˵Ѫɫһ
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ƣһУ߽۷ӦûʲôˣȭͷһĨŵЦݸ֮ϡ
߽ܽ۷壬ô㵱ʱϳغ㣬Ҳ̫飬һƴ֮ˣ
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һȣһĪɷ籡һ񣬲˷һץһŰâֱ

һֱӱ޴ĳֱӳӭϣȻѾȫҪǣ˻Ǳϯ˳ȥû˿ģ̨֮⡣
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УȷУȴԼԷлܣ
ˣΪֹ˿ЦԾ̨һֵʱ򣬺пˡ


110 
̨ܣۼڶӣ΢ЩлһЩŨŨ𾪣Ļһ
ȻֵⷬĽǵϡ
ʵǿˣˣЩڿֽʱ޲ĵľ
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ȻⶼҪ鹦д֮ԼȴĴﵽҪĿģȻû취ɵĻѾǾŽ׳ڵ
ӯӯԿʵϴһ˿ЦһĪɬӿ𣬸ղŨɷ֮ʱǺܿӰȻͬɽһվԼǰΪԼǿ籩ɷ
𡣡ӯӯԵǹһ˿Ҹ΢Ц
ѵԶһɽϣӰȻɽ֮Ͽȴ˵½Ƕδһ˿
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ӯӯ˲ͷˣһĻ󣬶ʱɵһ˫Ŀװ֮Уûг
ԶĺиûзӦסź飬ȻЩ壬һĵֵŶڴĳȡ
ӯӯҲоˮʪۺ죬ֺиû泯ߣŨҵУ΢˿
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ৣ
Ŀ˱鸲ǵһۣûٶתˮһٲȥ
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һԵϿӯӯӰ˫䷺һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
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112 Ӽ
ʱ䣬ڲоŹȥܿ죬ѾȥʱʱٲҲвѧԱ˹
д֮س뵽ȥˣ˶ŵģǰã˲Ȼķ֣ʱˣӯӯųǸ˳̨ˣȴɻУûгļ
ʱ˰Ҫ֪ǳ½ˣҲǼˣǣǴ߽׵ȴɻڣûг
ие֮࣬ͬʱҲףʱҲȫΪȡɣʵ
Զѹʤû
ӽĸʱʱϢѾϯ˼չͻƵģʮӰվںٲԡ
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սȻܴﵽһǲ𾪡ѵ˵꣬һУ
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113 ֮
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пǻӼʲô۵ģѵ͸𣿣
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ḧŰ룬ԶȥıӰοЦݳ֮ϡ


114 ȱ
ৣৣৣ
ӰмӶƬ̹⾰ǻصѵϡ
ԭѵ۵еˣڼӰ֮󣬺΢΢һͣȫһƬž
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115 ˮ¸
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ţɻĿ
ˮ¸ǳŵĴڣȻھڣȴŵӰ죬ҡ
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ΪһУţһ٣ˮ¸Ҳ˲١
ˮ¸ܲ򵥰
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ʱڲԱֻ࣬ڰԼ飬ƺ˽Ų̧ͷĿˣûʲô㵵ɫٴͷ顣
ǾֿɣҲҪȥҪĶˣſڼ˵꣬ǺϤһд鵤ֵĲС
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116 ߵ
վЩĴУǷһĨǳǳĿЦҸȥԼҪĲϣһɫȹŮӣһĺ̨߳Լ߿˹
λӣģӦǵһǽаɣŮ΢Цߵǰһ󣬴һĨ΢Ц˵
δڣбһ󹰶ţ̽ͷڿǰŮӺ˫ӨڣʱһĨ⣬ֱӾʹкˣŮð
ȿȡ
İסͣŮǲĿ£ڨڨһЦ˵ûǵһԲ֪ӦȥԼҪĶ

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⻰Ůһ˿ɫ
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ʣҪʲôأŮ΢Цʵ
ҪħһöħһöѪҺö֪ûЩϡ
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ֻҪҪģˮ¸ͻУŮӹɵشȴһĨ졣
𷽲ſֱӱ˼ʮֲϣԾѾǵͼҩҪˡ
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еСһͷԵӣĴſȻûнвϡ
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ΣеĲ豭ʵ
λӣʵڱǸҪĲϣмĿǰûдҪգӱ͹ŮЩεĻش
˵ҪЩ϶ϡ󣬶ΪЩϣΪ;̫٣ԣûд

һĨʧһóһöشʵ֪ղȡҩ
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Ůӵ˵ͷҸһǧҵļλȡͨҩǸ߼ҩλǧϣ۸ҪҩĳɫЧ
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ʱ䣬ѾˣһζǫֻƲ㣬żĸߵȴ·ߺܶࡣ
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һóĵҩӼܼۣŮҪŸȡ֮ʱֽסŮӣ˵С࣬λӰһҸȻ󽫽תƵ档

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117 
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ƣҩƣֻҪӵо츳ˣܹƿأӶƵҩƣǾͲһˣӵо츳֮˵УܹƵģٲһ٣
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Ϊˮ¸ļʦ˽⣬ڣܹƴʦԲһֻ֮
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⡭ֿɫԭҪֱӾܾ𣬵ߵĻ˻
Ҳϧ֮ģָպմء
ӵҲûֱ˵Լе뷨㲻ͽһɡ
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ţ壬ҵ㰡ŮһЦ¶ˣȸԾȥ
ôûʲôرĵطء
ͷһ˿Ůһ֮ǰ߳ſڣ峺˫͸Ũĺ֮ɫ

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Ļ첻ɵؿһƣǳղִ뿪ʱ˵ģ𣿡
Դ϶ôɻĵطܶ𣿡
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˵磬ŮƯҳôûô˵Ůء۾ŲԶӯӯ˸
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118 ĳ
УǰŮһⷿǰһɢɭ亮âĸʽͰǰԶΧ¶ȣƺҲΪЩĴڣ½ࡣ
ӣЩϺõѡŮָһϵ˵
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š˵ͷѡ
ʱеСһ궯һԾվļϣԶĿֱⷿУһĨռ¶ɡ
СɫָСǴŮʵǰʲôط
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Ů΢Ц˵ţҲûע⵽СķӦ˵ҲȥǴҲм˵ܴиʲôأҹӦûûкֵıɣҲѡһʵ
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119 ı
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ųĻ֮ΧӯӯУȴҲû˸ȶ֡
죿ǳͷĽӰ˰ɡһֱûĺУĿʵ
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⴦춯ȻҲˮ¸ע⣬ǰһöα־ԱӺ̨
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123 
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ӯӯһٴεһۺ˵СҴˣߣ
˵գһõıӰĳֻĹһˣվڷڣֱ
ãǽƽĿٴηǱƽ֮ϡ
Ѿˣǣ⼣߰ߵƽȴ
ţǽУָȴȻķ֣⼣߰ߵĽϣȻżܲ۵·
ѵҲһ
һ󵨵ĳŽϵ⼣ȥ
ûϣǽѺۣǣȴûоʹѡ
Ǿ˵㡣УĻ˼ԭ뽫֮ȴ¾¡
ܹǶ򵥣ĳλùģҲĦ·ԼҲ˵

˿ҲƵ˳ȥɫת
ʵö˱̷ˣҲûջ
ǵڵ
ȥʼȫȫʶڵЩǵ㣬ľҲڷıš
߽۷塭˽׳ڡ˽ڡ˽۷塭һֱŽ׳ڣŻͣ
ң⻹ֻЩǵһСֵĽ
ǻҪȥǣκȴֱ͸Уǵûеõκͣ
Ž׳ڣ
󣬴ͫһĨ貵ľâǣ
ջ񣬱ĻҪ
ֱӴ߽۷壬һϾŽ۷壬ֱʵһʵķԾ
ңֻҪľȥЩǵ㣬Ȼõһεı⡣
죡
һĨâ૵һº󣬾ڣ
ͬУѾپκˣ
ţһºϣܶһľϲ
ĺŽ˳
ϰһ죬ԺöƣоƿصѾ൱󣬽ָ۷壬һ
һĿ£һӶֻɬƣǻǰ۳͡
ˡ
貵ƣ˸˸⣬΢΢Ļζ䣬ɢһضйϵϣԵüء

΢ĺ˿һһ٣һӡ
Ŀ£öڿеƣǻĳǣĪģȴƺһĪų֮õ޷
ּ䣬ͷϱǺܲҲ΢΢ѡ
ѹ̫ҪƿӡϣҪѴ󲿷־άƵƽ⡣
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һϸСķƵѣǱҲĪѣƬһء
ô
ѵھǲ֮ɫ
ףΪƵѻӰ쵽ңΪųƵĿ
˼⡣
ϻǼͶȣǶҪԶԶһıÿһļ۸ǧң
ںϵʱ򣬻ʹѡֱ˭ôҲȥϰ
ʱ˿̣ףΪôϡУôˣ
˼һûҵԵɣٴһϰ
顭
ûκģٴˡ
ţıȺˡ
ڵıѵʱȴоһ͵ʱͬ⡣
֮޷ӡϣҪԭ򣬻Ϊ
Ȼо๲֮ͨ
ƵǶϣʵ൱
Կ
ľ飬˳񣬱ǿʼþͬʱתԪ
ˡ
ּ䣬ʶڣ΢΢Ĳһںϻ֮ϯע뵽֮ڣʱƹâ貵޷ֱӣֱӴݿĳǹϵųֱ֮ӿӡ֮ϡ
ǲ
ȻѾǾİžǣǿĳ£Ǵ㣬ֱѿ
Ȼˣ
ȻˣǣڣȴӿֳһĨϲ֮ɫ
٣Ѿҵʧܵԭ򣬾ɹҲ̫ңԶˣ
˻
ʶһۣõһģתԪָһʱ󣬲ת
ȥһˮ¸ˣ
Ѿķʱ䣬࣬ƻᵤĲҲõˣվ߳䣬ˮ¸ȥ
ڻ֮ʱɸٽңĿǰ̫Ǿ⡣ǼĻѣǵңҲӻá
뵽ˮ¸㿴ŮӾվſڴȴԼ
ӣ
Ůҡҷˮ߰ӭ˹ЦӯӯĶ˵
ͷ·
ǳǳһЦڴڣ˴㵵Ŀ£ǸһԵĲţڴ۷׷ס


124 
壡
һźӰǳڣʱһˮ¸εŮԷһСľУȻȥ
СʱһϣǸող͵ģˣҿû㣡
תЦŶ˵
ǰڷʮľ񣬴СһĺӣҲһĨϲ֮ɫ
û뵽ڵˮ¸󣬾Ȼھͽϴ롣
뵱Ԭƣǻһµʱ䣡
ҪЩϣԼ㿴ָŵϵĺӣ嵭˵
ƺЩϴ룬ˮ¸˵׾ٵˡ
ţл塣
ֵлǿѯʵҴҪʮݲϣҪٽң
ȥͷһʮҡ
һҲֱ˵
ʮ򣿡һͻ
ôô󣿵ԬƸϵʱ򣬸û˵۸ڣҲġ
ҪǣȻЩǣҲǼҶѣ︶ʮ֮޵ķã
ţ
ƺҲľ̬üͷ΢΢˵λѾܱˣУֻ¼۸߳ϣ
Ͼи̫٣ޣħޣһܹնɱģ
ǣˮ¸ȴͬȻҪ֣ɼ֮
ԣڸޱȵĲϣȻҲͱ࣬ΪǵıȽϼ򵥣ҲС
ֻÿЦҲͬĵ˵ͷ
Ǻǡ
ץģЦһˣͳ壬Щ㶼߰ɣʲôʱС
⡭̫ʰɣ⻰һ
ǰ죬ѾԼֵҵˣǼֵʮĲϣƤ񣬴ʱҲЩ˼ˡ

ЦһһӣһӺôŤҪžţѵһЩ˲ɣ
ȷôûʧȻõģĸмֶΪ
СӾͺƤˣл壡΢ԥһǾ£ٴιֵл
ƺ뵽ʲôóһˮݸ壬˵壬⿨棬ңȵңʣµһüȥ
Ŷ
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ǣ
ŮӹӦһ󣬱Ƕ˵
壬Ҿˡ
ȻѾ̫ˣҲںЩˣٴζ幰ֵ
ţȥɡ
ǹһĨǳЦ˵ͷȴ뿪ǵЦŨˣȻ˵ȻûۣСӣȷƣֻ£Ⱥܴ󣬼ʱգͻƴ徳Ƴָտɴ
ܹƳƴʦһһƬǶڣҲ΢ʩӺôһλδܹƴʦĺøУʵ̫׬ˣ

ǿٲĵУӰϡϡУƬ̣һ˳ܲסվ˫Щ㵵ĿһۣǴһǵӰһۣӳˮ
Ǽǵãû֮ǰŮѾǴʱˣ
󣬲ϵ˽ȻȥǸŮȴûжҡľ㣬
ŮȻӯӯ
ҲΪˮ¸̼ܵĸΪڷˣʣҲȫҪǻʴ壬ԣϾͶٲ֮ˡ
ʱҲһƬ糺죬΢΢Ĳţʱһ㺹˳ջ䣬ûأѾе֮ˡ
ߣһͷƤëӨ޵СſڵϣǾ˵ȣƺӰ첻Ǳ飬չԡһɣõΧЩˣƵƵͶȥĿ⡣
ȴδţء
ȻͷСһëವһܵŮУ峺˫дһ˿ɫٲ֮⡣
ǸоСӯӯǳȻһЦͷһ˿Ҳǿˮ
ৣ
һƿٲ죬ΣһƬˮ˵С
ŻطкǵˣӯӯҲ΢΢һЦĿһǿǶеļһʱ΢΢
ߣ
ǲƵĿ⣬ӯӯһֻǰһҪ۸Ҫͨҵļơ
ԴˣҲεҡҡͷݺݵĵһе󣬱Ա߲Զϥ¡
תʱ䣬һʱȥˣӯӯ⣬еһҲǲʵ˳ȥ
һ˵ȥ𻺻˫ۣһڣһڰ
ûˡһһϸСȴۿɼ飬ϵ۹
ţ
ƺǸӦʲôӯӯеҲ۾ֱӿԶ˫ڣһĨӵɫ
Ƭ̣ԽԽŨˣС˸һ˺ôһ㣬ӯӯԾ£ŲСŲŵ˹ȥ
۽пһ˿϶ڿһԵӯӯںǱװ֪ͷСĶԼ
ûãӯӯҲ˫ۣƤϴ֮Уõü΢΢һŤͷȥʱڱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԭµҪʱĿߣڳһ̬ܵ
һǡ
ǴģӯӯЦһվƳһۺ󣬱Ҳȥ
ৣ
һƿˮ죬ӯӯҲ뿪
ӯӯ뿪˲䣬СͻȻҺһֱۻδ֮ʣԶԶһߣ¶һͰ͵
ǰװûõģٺ٣㣬㻹Զˡ
˫΢΢һգһԵ쳹վһ˿Цȥ
ȣһ¡Сǰǰ΢΢һ̧ڳһл˵ģ
ٺ٣ô㻹ʲôҪ𣿡
ǳһĨĻȣȴû˿ͣ٣һȥһģ
ǶΪģ˵ҪбڣܰǶС΢΢˼Դǵ˵
ߣ
һ۾ʵҳңǶĻ
ң֪ǶʲôͷԼ򵥵ıֱˣ뵽˺ŭ̡
˰һͷˣÿ뵽󣬶һҪĳ嶯


125 
Ȼ֪ĶλΣǣߵ̬Ҳϡ䱦
һдѣ𣿡
ӣڳһ¿ˮ̵ļƣ۾µңھ˱ҲѾòˣ
ٺ٣ô
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㡭ֱҾ徣
ŵĵԲ۾̬ȼֻôͷɥЭˣһת˵ͣף
ף
ͣ۾ã˵˵ٿǿǣ
Ȼ˵ƽʱ˵㣬ǣȴ٣ʵʵģ٣ܸӦͺܲ򵥣
ЭҲĿģ
ˣֻҵһĻᣬҲᱻ̡
ڲҪƵҩ𣿿гЩϣأҪʵġ
һĨâһ֪ģ˵

һĨɻ
ԻᵤΪҩĵҩ
˷ۣһܲģ˵ȴûӦѾӵǶ˰ɣ
۾û˵ȴ˵ȥǣģȴܲƽ
ȻҲ˽ʶǶԴأ϶򵥣ͷȴ׷ݵĵƵ֪;ʣͬ˵Ҳ򵥣
ǱҪ㣡
ͷĵ˵ڵľҪƻǳ˵Σ
ֱ˵ҪҲɫһ䡣
ʵԼҲԼǿƣһɵĳɹʶԣһֱڲϵϰȥƣ
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Ҳ˵ҪƳҪӵгԽ徳ľһĨʧ
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һۣڿĨΣյĹâ˵ҼǵãǵǱõ˰ɣ
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Ϊõδ
Щ˵һۡ
ңа취ܹڶʱͻƵ˽ףһ仰õɫת
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Ȼ֪ģǣʵĺ˵Ҫֻ˵䣬档
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ԣֻҪÿʱ򣬶ñߣ㣬οͻƵ˽ף
УҴӦ㣡
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ˣ
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һΡ
˼һΧۼӶγһףĺ˿ֱӳǵ߶ȥ
ৣ
״ٺһЦ׷ȥ

ٲ֮µҶȻɵģΪģ
ȻӦڵȱԴģΪģΪѪ
ڵĵǺ̶ֳȣ
ɵĸп
ǿһСȱڣȣôĵǵģ¶ȣûжôˣǾͿ֪ˡ
ܵһ㣬ǲͻƴ徳ǹƻûӽͻһ
˴İңܿ߾ͷҶѾһƬͨ죬Ǳպһ
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˸£ǾŽħޣҲᱻٻɻҽͷȴ˿Ӱ죬ֱȹﻹҪ
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ι㲻᲻˰ɣ
ͣͲתͷϣԴų
ߣ
һٴμӴ˾飬ٴκһȦţӭˣٴǰС
пһͻƵ˽ףվպΧڣŲԶЩԥ˵

ĺ˿һĨᶨ󲽣˹ȥ
͡
ǲͨĵϣ˫űð̣һսζ漴׼Ҫ˳ȥʱֱԾУڹâһֱӱо˲ࡣ


126 ٴͻ
ƲڳһƬĵϣ֮˳Žŵӿڣպĸ֮һ㡣
ڵ֮ǲϵӿ룬Ƥ⣬Ǵһ¯һ
˻
ʹֱǽŰǿڵʹǿеתžеһ˿˿֮Уһ˿˿ÿһתһǹȸ֮бǼЩ֮ıһֵ֮С
ǹɾҵʹǹ֮תӣõ̲סɫϷһֲ̬֮С
ǴŵĵΧ˾˵ȶȣĺ˿ҲΪп૵
ߣǰ濴
һɢһԲĲȫʴˡ
˻
񣬶ǰȥű̲סһ
Ҷľͷһɽһİݴӣ淺Ũİʱһҽͷż˳ȵ¶ȣ¶ȵ˿£ռ䶼ЩŤƺռ䣬ѾԳˡ
˽ɵľ룬ܸܵԼƤʹ¶ȡ
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ⲻǵһСȱڣȴȻʹǴΪȣҲѹ֣һֱʢ˥
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У
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ֻиջҪڶʱڴ߽ͻƵ˽ףЭԼҲܹҪܵס޴ʹС
ű˫ɫСҲһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼ޾ЩǻǾŽ۷壬ûͻƴ׵ǿߣҲֵܼ˶á
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֮أŨ飬𽥰СеɫԽԽѿ΢΢ĳ죬ÿһһ룬оôѰһѵ⣬ĸĥţõɵһǣĸܵԼ㻷¿ٵţǿš
ת˲䣬һСʱʱȥˣҲʼҵĲڵЩϡѾ㿹вĴˡ
סֻԼͻƼޣҲǸܵ𶯣ҲЩԽе
͡䣬һ̴·
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ˣɪʲôż죬δȣǽͻƣ˵δǺ¡С˷ۣе𾪣һˮ£˵
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һ䷿â貣ֲϵľڰյƹâҫ£ںš
ڳŨҩζʱƣԽԽŨңȻƵĵҩҲҪˣ

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ৣ
ҩδ£׼õƿҩС
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츳ţȵģҲ޼˵ʵѧϰʵʱ䣬һѣ
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127 
У׵ѣ뵱꣬һ磬־ģñǧ
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һۣƿַŵһߣ˫ֳСȥɭɭ˵أҪҪһԣ
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ಣ
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ߣ
û˿⣬һּźХƿ֮ץȥ
ಣ
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ôˣ
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129 
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СѾͷҺ㵥˵ɡŮڵǣУȴЯ˲÷֮⡣
ӯӯ˿һʱȴҲ֪Ǻá
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ȻŮӵλǿдӯӯҲûֹܹҲŮӻӯӯ
ȻҲɷѿĵӯӯ̸ˡ
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һ·ˣӯӯЩɻĿ
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ʲô֣ӯӯĬŮٴοʵ
ӯӯԻӯӯش
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ԥŮٴοڣֱӾ͵Ҫãڵ״ֹ𣿡
ҸߣǲǿԱ֤İΣ漰İȫӯӯԾЩҡ
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˴ɹʶɢȥ˹Ļ
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ֱִӭȥһĵ
š
Ůֻǵĵ˵ͷһѪͿԻصˣ»һҪ㡭ʲôκˣ˼СӵҪʱԳֹ
⻰ӯӯ˿𣬼ֹ֪οڡ


132 ŵį
һգûһֱӯӯߣȻûй˴ȴҲ׶Է˼
˾һƫƧɽ±ߣһ𣬿ɽǳ
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ĸˣ֤߱ĵĸȥɣһᾡȥģ
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СĵΪȥϵˮҲǲѣԲ𡭡
һΣˣûֹڣӯӯˣûʵֹ
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Ҫǿ
ûһ̣ǿҵ
ڼ֮ʣ˵ӣĿ£ǰߴţۼͲסͷСϡ
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Ǹ
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㣬ҵ㣡
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ôվɽ±ϣȥķ򣬾þò
Ҫ̵ʱڣͻƴ徳ţϸ΢ͷҲûأֱ˵

ӵĿһۣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ڵ츳ʣܹߵڣѾһ漣ˣһУ͵ԣ
ݣǾǡӣ
ȫƴƺ
û˵ʲôתߣȴ
ѯסֱڡ
ˡ
ƺϵԼ
š
Ӧһ󣬱ǶǰԶ
㸸׵飿
һ裬ֱ󣬲Ż˵ӣҼһˣҲŵˣ˵ʱţҲܵ˸߶ӣΪŷ̳ˡ
˵䣬ڳŽ㽣ֻƬ̣ȴȥǣԴŲμ˰ڳʥȴԵ޹ʵıţӴ·
ϵĻУŶǸһ֪ϵһ˽⡣
ţţ
ԭϣңŻߵ۷壬ǣȴĪĵعȵףһСеУݵĺ˺һҵ޷ݡ
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ϵĿϣ뵽ЩĿЩӡ
Ϊҵԭϸ˵ҡĸ׵ԭɣ𵭵˵
ҴһЩĸףһ̳ŻԼ㸸ףᵶᰮԡ
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ܣڣԹεļ޴壬ûͻư˽ؿֻڶڴ
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ᣬܹӵд˵Եˣ˵ʵڵģļʶҲδ١ֻܹõԴʵ̫ƶˣҪΪһҪһĻС
ţĿ⣬ǵƺһУ˫ڣ˸ĪĹԡ
ܰǶŪܰСһѣվߣҲһͬ˳ȥ
棬أʱ˶ۼһ棬վŸ̨ϣһˡ
ûɨһܣûзټ󣬲ߵĺ½ʵ
Ǽһƻڵء
½΢΢һ飬뵽쿴ǵ߳ĳͫһĨ𺳡
ɼһĻж
ߺ󣬳½Ҳſ籡Ҷ籡һ󡭡ûȻˣʵʵڴ죡
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ǾǸð죬³̾һ
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˵˼Ҿٶȿ죬Ҳûԭģʲ
ûѾ쿪ʼ˰ٳٲ̨֣ϵĸִҲЩꡣ
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ܳһʱȥˣûӰҲվסˣɣǲǳʲôˡ
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Сӣ˺õȣ
̨ϵϣֱ۾ǵϤӰǣ¶һĨɵЦ⣬


133 
ᣬţΪעص֮һ
νᣬʣҪһαȶΪϻõĳɼĺûǾÿһλպܻԴĶ١
ԣÿһⳡȶϣչֳԼȫʵڴص
ŵִҲںⳡʢᣬΪЩϵĳɼպ
һģȻ
ÿһᣬһض֮ƵĿռУǿռΧ黹ҪŨ֮ࡣ
ȻԽŨĵͻܶǿħޣһ˽ڣȥ޻ء

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˭ֻҪܹɽۣᱻΪĵһ䣬ҲȼһЩϣ
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134 Ͷȡ
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뵽ʲôֲһ㣬½˫ͫ΢΢һҲĸоΧ¶ȷ½˼һ㡣
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136 
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137 ս
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138 죬
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ˮǰѾȻΪˮУ뱱֮˻Ĵּ̧һӰ죡
˿ѪѾû˺Ȼֱӱ


139 
죬
Ὺʼǰ˭ûϵ顣
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غѪеģӰкâһһգɫǹٴδ̳֮Ũ·𶼱һǹ̴˿ǹżƿ֮Хȥ
ǰսǿúȻƲ٣ǱϾ˲ֹһΣԣȫþԵѹס

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146 
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ӯӯĵǰ꣬˪ȻǺΪǳ޳ܣ
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ŮڣɸܵŨĻ⣬ʱ㱻һɨգĵһЦ
ۣ
ʱҲðͷӯӯ󣬶ʱӨڱһĨ⣬ֱԾӯӯУҺݺݵľ߹ģϲ˲䣬󣬺ɱ˵Ŀ⣬Ƴ˹Ӣһۣµף׳˭
⻰ɱ⾡ȥǰǴ㵵ı飬ǲźۼĳ˳顣
ò˵ͷ죬һĶ
һΣˮ¸ĳ춯ҹ̨
˭ǰ׳գ
ӢŭֱΪӯӯƣͱʬˡ


147 ǿƹӢ
˭Ӧ˭ǰ׳ա
ӯӯУյֹ˿ȥǹӢɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ȴڳʱǶ΢΢˳飬ȻǿЦ⡣
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⼸λִ²ǣΪΣΪӯӯţ
ֽܣԼ˵Ŀ⣬ִɨ˸
ȻӦִ£ֱӽӯӯţ
һŵӣɲҶִǾ˵ӯӯ꣬ţһݵλ
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ӯӯҪļ
ˣ
ӢɫһŤСŵ˳ЦڳЦĻһͷһͷ
ŹӢŭ֮һһĨŨİ׹֮ϣ׹ƽ似Ĺͬ׹ǴӹӢġ
ӢɫĿ΢΢𣬿ŽڻеӯӯŭɫҲһ
ͷ֣ǿ϶ᲨӯӯԾԲܶ֡ԼܵסӢĿɨӵϣеŭ¶ɡ
ߣ
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أ
ţͬߵķһ㾶ֱķ˳ȥڰУѪȻأڵϣؿڻһƬ죬û
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ԼƵĵҩӯӯǺĵġ
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ӯӯɺܾĿǰȫûע⵽Ϣ⡣

һϵ̾Ϣִ֮µȻĳԣһץǽǵУͬʱһӯӯ
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Ȼûôĵ֣ǡȴΥ˼ִ̾һϵϣ¶һĨɬɫ
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148 ̫

ִִ¿˵֮ʱӢɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺȻǾη
ͷ˵ʲôˣʵʵ˵Ӣʵ

ִҲֻεЦЦҲûȥ˵Ը࣬˭˼Сӵ
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ӯӯҧأǿĵǰĿ⿴һ԰°ȹŮӣȴεҡҡͷ
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ΣֻҪʲô飬Ҳٹӯӯһ˿ᶨɫն˵
˻һǹӢǰ°ȹŮӣɫһ䡣
ӯӯжôҪǿһǣӯӯΪǵԭ򣬶ʲô飬ôǹӢҲù
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ڣϢ־Ǵλϣ죬Բȣһ仰Ҳû˵
˭֪ʧȥʲô
գ־ж˼֮λ

ʱ䣬ϵȬˡ
㿪ʼʶڵЩǵ㡭
һᣬԭƽʶǱĲƽһһ˳֮
ƺо״һֱſߵҲ۾Ө˸⡣
Сӣ죬ѵǴ̥ʹþģš
ʶҲɸпĳЩ棬׳һǣھƷ棬ȴҲΪ֮̾
ҲãĽ׶Σ·ͺߺܶˣңСӿӵ츳ˣڵˣɱ
뵽ʲô֮ڱһʹ⣬ñһѰɣ
ͬʱʶڣЩǵ㣬ѾϣǣľȴھŽ۷ǻٳһ
ҲǽЩʶȫͻƵĻôպҪҵͻ͸ңңˡ
䡭
ʱһą̂һϯ˽ʱ㼤ǧؾˡ


149 
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ôĿŲâ뵽ʶУʱ䣬ԭӽƽ˾ʶһξҵĲ
ʶǹ쫷һ㣬ͬʱһɾҵʹõ궼ݺݵĲ˼£亹ˮһ㣬ٵĵ£ˮݹһϡ

ĲҽڰķֱӴӴһͷڵϹţš
ͬʱʶеľڱţԴȴҪѿһ㣬ʹͣɫǼŤ۵Ѫ˿
ʹԶԶٲ֮µĵĴ֮ʹʹãֻϣڿһ
Сӣֻܰ㵽ˣȻʹ˵㣬ǣҪջû㸶ǲܵģٺ١
ڵϷŵߵһߣֹ
ƺҲΪǵâľ״̬ҲЩήңֱſڵϣ¶

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Ȼʹ࣬ǣȴܹĸоΪâľǴ˴߻һٵš
ͬʱҲһҵľ籩ʶһڲϵţƺڵľʽҪеľ档
Ȼ͵УȴǴܵʹ࣬ңңһֱȥֻδͻƣԼȱˡ
ΪߣԼڵ״̬ȴĺܣԣǿʹͬʱһֱ̨ǵѡ
ʶеѾﵽˣҪһǾҪҪһ蹬
νͷоŹӦ죬һν֮衣
蹬Ǿ´ߵĵһֻд蹬̤Ž׶Σ
䡭
ͻȻ䣬ʶڴһͷۻϣȴ¶縺صЦ⡣
ĸоʶڷʲôʲôһԭľܵһǿˮһӿС
ͬʱ־ҵʹҲ˶ʶָƽҲɢ

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ΪܹĸܵΧĴڣһֻֻСɵľһ߻Ծš
ۡ
ƣ΢΢һЩСɵľ飬Ǿۼ˹һųɫ棬ɢŹˡ
ţӴľ˹ʹûɫӵŨ䣬Ѿֳһ˿˿ɫĹ
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лˣΪӵĿһۡ
˵ʲôҲȻԼһ֮Ȼû취ͻơ
ߺߡСӣҸ˵ѱźˣԺеǺô
С˺ߣһ̬߰չ˳ԭЩм֮ɫɫ˲
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·ϣŵһЩϸ
ӵеԴţҲԶԶԼġ
ȵһ㣬ڣеԴҪùֵȡģ
˵ʲôݻʲôĲϣԾ׵ڣȡһĹֵӶܹڻȡҪκ絤ҩ似ȵȡ
Ҳйֵġ
ǹֵԴڷһЩ
˵ŵĳԱʱΪ׬ȡֵŬΪڣûйֵνǴ粽УǺĵӣûйֵЧҲǻĴۿۡ
似˼壬ŶԵлȡ似ĵطѧԺУҪϸö࣬ûе似ԽΪ߼似ҪĹֵԽߡ
ֻҪֵܹһƷ似
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ʯ㳡ľͷһӴľ޵ſڹŽ˸֣似


150 鼼
иߵʯ㳡֮ϣĿɨһȴȻһˣʱɫȴЩء
Ϊ̤ʯ㳡֮ʱĲһ޵ɨ壬ëէ
ܿȻˡ
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˼䣬ⶸȻһֱǰ
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һ
Ŀɨ֮󣬻ĶԺʵ

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û
˵ͷһ粽ʧںǰ
״ĺУܿҲͷӦһ˫˫ʧԭء

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һâѸٳץȥʱǰâϱǴһǿķ֮Ҫֶ
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һĨâһ𣬶ʱһϢǴݵԺУƣƼ߽似
ǰޱǿУʱһǣĶҲɵĵһ
ǣÿһŶһ似Ļղص似Ҳδֲ̫Щɡ
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ĻƺЩʲô
Сӣٺ˼ˣҪøߵȵ似ĻǿЩ߰ɣһ󣬱˻ȥ
˵ͷû̫ĳɣһǷɿĶǿȥ
ৡ
һͬһİâԻǴ˿ȴûһץ鿴ǽ˳ȥͼѰһЩΪҫ۵İâ
úȻķ֣ԼľȻȫ޷֪ЩǵĴڡ
ţ
üͷ΢壬ڳѰ޹֮ʱͻȻоԼǰеΣ𽥱û
ƺ޾ǿУһεֹǰеĽŲ
ǹռ֮趨һųҪøߵȵ似͵õסЩų֮ɲˣȥľȥĵġ
Ϊɻ֮ʱĿѵ
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΢΢˵ͷų֮ȻǺǿͣȴһ޿ɿܵζȥĻҪִǿǲܵ顣
ҲˣΪΣϣڸ߲㣬ôĵ뵽ˡ
Ǵ徳ǣܹӴķΧȫѾˣ
ˡ
Ϊų֮Щü֮ʱʶУƯ蹬֮ϵһػ磬˿̷΢΢ĲһεĲɢ˿һɴ⵽ĺɫâ˫˫ס
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151 ָ·
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Ĵ㵣ֱۣԼ⵽ĺɫĻڣ𺳵ɫ
ֻǼ򵥵ĺɫǣɫУȴܵһǿ޷ݵֱǰĺɫĻܹκ壡
ѵ˵ǿĻ棬ɫãĺɫĻЩ
ʣĻʶǶ硣
ǵãӴʱ򣬾ֺɫĺɫȴԼֱӷճɻҽ˿ĻᶼûС
ڸܵĻҲһĨâһֱǵɵȴеԵЩеૣֲˡ
͡
ʱĻȴһâǿӶȥ
СӣЩϣ
еɫȫ
š
ӦһҲһϲ˳Źٳǿš֪֮ǲйڵԵʣΧų֮ûκ谭
㼱Уӵʱ䣬ǰ治ԶǿУȻ貶ĿĹſռһŤһž޴ĹţС
ΪӴԼ䣬𿴼ǹ֮һֻεĴ֣ڲϵĽһӡһһ飬һֹϲɣζɢǡ
ʲô
һƬǰǣһž޴Ĺűө֮ǳĲһ㡣
ңҪǣֵǷӡһĪϤ֮С
Ĵǰ޴Ĺţǹ֮Уܹһ鶯ԼһЩʶ̬Ĵڡ
ΧЩͬǰĹûһŸڿţЩֱӹǣڽӽҵķΧŤת˹ȥ缫Ϊҫ۵Ĺһ㡣
СӣռУǼΪǿˣȥԣܷõǹţҲһ˿ɫߴٵ
š
˵ͷջĿ⣬λǹȥʹԼľ侲ƽȻƣĴڹ֮ϣһ˿С
еųУûг֣룬貵Ĺţɢֱӽ˽ȥ
屻Ű׹֮ǰľٶȳ˱仯ǿɢȡ֮ģһƬޡ
޵ǰһž޴ޱȵƾţһɺĹζ֮ɢһͷƤĲڵɢޣǱӳһȦȦۿɼ
Ŀ⣬ޱ𺳵ǰͬħ֮һľ޴ƣϵ·һµһ㣬أԵޱȵɬ
⻹似𣿡ѿھ
ǰǼ治ţ仹д˵ضǿĴڣ

似ϣƵЩ֮ɫ˿ʯ㳡صǻš
ִ£ǵȲ˿лȥ
似ſڣλϥ˵Ȼϲϵ߶Եúܲ
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ԳһЦɫδ̫ΣϾЩܹ䳰ȷ̫ˣ⣬ǿġ
ϾԼ̫꣬ңڴֵҲ̫ˣ
𣬺УǼͰ
ϼ˫нţһҲϥʯ㳡ϣֻ˫Ŀɽ似ͭš
ڵԽԽˣһ˽׳СӶܵõƺţ˾õֱ˷ʱԴ
Ȼûп˵ʲôȴţŵĹأǲҪЩˡ
ৣ
ʱ似ſһҫ۵İ׹˸ϥµ϶ʱһǿеļ֮ɫĿתͭš
ͽ似ǿǿϵƳһۣɮ붨һ˫
Ƭ̹似ſǵ׹ɢȥһӰһϲɫ˳
иһǼϣкȴϲмɫһĲ˵ı飬ʱסŲ
Уɡ
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֪ΪΣоڵľϴϣϤζ
עӼ䣬Ȼž޴ĺɫǰһģӰӰΧĿռ΢΢ŤţȫʲôģǽǵģӰȴɢһǵԵõвһҪĤݵĸо
Сӣ
ʶװȻ쳹
⵽ǡ
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ңǰӰֻһ־ѣ֪˶ˣȴɢϢ
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ӡȻǣǰµӡȴԵ̫򵥣ߣһεġ
ģӰϵĽŷӡΪĵշƬնΪӡŤңҡ
һ֣ǼȥƬգ˶ĸо
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ȣ
һ쳹صĳ֮ʱƬմѣã㵵ĿУĿԼҲƬƬ˿Ƭأȫ֧飬Ϊĩ


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Ƭֻ̺оǰһ˸һѣθдٴλصǿ֮С
ɻ䣬ǰסŰâҲѾȫǰǰ貶Ŀ
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Сһ㾪㵵ķ֣ǰԼԼȴ޷ƵĺɫĻ˿̾Ȼ˳ԼֱŰ׹Ӷȥңֱӽڣ
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֪ᱻٻŰâʼգûκη𽥵ļ٣ֻһĴָ״СԲӣ
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Ԥ׵ģСԲ飬ײüĴûзӦʱ򣬱оüһȣһâһЩǳ뵽ʶС
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Źâɢ˿ΪСһĹâʶǴػԡ
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似Ϊ֣ӡֻΪСһ֡ǣһӡͽˣ似ʲôȼأ

ĺ˿һĨµľϲǣҲ΢΢һĨŸϡ
似֣˭
ˡ
ӡ֮ʱƽͭŶȻһ貵Ĺֱ𣬰еͱ˿һ޴ޱȵӡ似ϷͣһɹϲɣϢǰо޴ӡϺȻͬľˣһһ㣬ϯƼƴ
гʱǵ֪Ҫǿ϶ٱ
۾ɴźϣؿڸޱȼ
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ৣ
似ſڵĻ͵һ˻Ȼվǰɫϵļм֮ɫȫޣüĿ両ֳŨҵ벻š
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һ΢ƿͭŴһ޳Ӱͻأĳ֣춯Ҳĳɢ˿


153 
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ĳ֣ϵ뾪ȣҲ𽥵Ļָƽֻͣǣͫâ˸ʱǺεȵĲƽ
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٣Ѿ֤ǿȡɣһԴû˷ѣңƺԼţֻҪһˣ
Ҫ֪ؼ似ɲ˭ܵõģ
Ϊ似ֻҪ˵ؼ似;߱һԣҲ˵Լ
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ûΪ𺳵ǣǰСӣǴ˽׾簡
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Ҳֻоһ΢ϣȥٶȣ޷ݡ
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ѹֲסеļļ˵Ժĵӣͽˡ
УһۣһЦ

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΢΢ĵ˵ͷδ˵ĿһǿһϮµӣȺֱԼ˹
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154 
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Ͼį˵ȷҪԣʹͣλִǿ϶ΪķԶġ
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ϾôҲǸոռˣܸƵףҲʲô顣

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ִüëһҲȤǶŵˣ˵һϸⱻ˿صСһжɫ
׿ɲǰЩְǿŽ۷һ˵

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׶ǰվ꣬˫΢УһЩŭӿ
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162 
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ԶˣЦſһĻ˭ûҪֵļ
˵λǺôѪҳЩ֮ˣڱСӸסɣԪƫͷΧվһӰЦ
ĻһЩüͷҲһ壬еͷ΢΢Щҡ
״ӣǿҪˣв
⻰һԭЩˣԥ
ڣǿɲǺģȻһưԣǰȴԵСĿ
׿˶ЩŵĿЩ֮ˣʱҪֵĻǾ϶쳣ҡ
Ѫҳǵ棬Ⱥˣڳ˶ݵĽ֮ʱԪһһվ˳
Ǻˣǵ»ֲ˵İɡԪߵһͷ֮ˣüͷһ壬˵
ߣ
ȫ֮У޷ĳֻ࣬һּ䣬һƳ֮С
Ƶĳ֣ЩѪҳǸ֮жһ˿㵡
˿Ҳɫ䡣
ִ´˲ӵеƣôڴУ׿˵
֮±ȻʯĴڣǾܳᣬھ׷ǵΡ˵
üͷ壬ǰòЩѪҳ֮˼ɵвҲǰӳƣ׻Ϊޡ
ʱоһСѾϢĴ󱳣գգС۾һ㶨ɫ
𣬵ҵ׼ˡ΢
ԣͫĬĬĵ˵ͷ
µľ棬ȷʺͣˣοСŵɫĶƺѾˡ
Ǻ˼ȻƶˣԼһ˰Ȼô
˵Ŀ겻ԼЩ


163 һ
ֳƵĺˣ֮£¶һ˫˫ۣĿһѼ⵶һɨһˣЩ˵ЦŸʲôѵʯҪ𣿡
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ϰǾĸˣѶˣ
ʯҵģ˭
һʮӰ꣬˱Ӷ
Ļһ˿֮ɫ
űӶˣͫ΢΢һжЩ֮ɫ

кȻӿŭһͬʱдϵľŻײţһɫ䷢ϯû˿ԥǽһ̤λΪһӰ߳ȥ
Щɫƺû̫ǿĹȴӰǼ䣬һ˲䡣
һǼ䣬˷ӶĹϵķı˶ЩԾ
ЩɫⲨɻ㱵ѹʱѾɭ֮УѸٵʧٶ˶ЩĿɿڴ
׷
ԭЩɫ˲䣬ŭһûйЩȥ֮ˣȥķ׷ȥ
ߣ
ԪҲһһӸˣЩϵкѪ֮Ȼ⣬ȴҲҷǸɭ׷ȥ
ҽյҪǾܵʲôطȥĿӳķ˵
Ѫһ˵뿪ʱʣµжȻֹһĨɵȴûһ˸ȥ׷ˡ
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˲ʶȤĵҲҶڵӳ֡ңǺ˵˼˭֪
չҲԲٷѪҳǣ
ʯˣ
֮ʱһ˶΢΢㶣Ƕȥ
ֻǶ֮£һǳȭͷССС
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ߣ
ħһȺȻƮѪ׷ȥĺۼȥ
Ȼģ
ϴ׷׷
׷϶
һһ˿ɫ˶˵лȥʰʰΣѪҳѾסˣ
ৣৣ
ղŻ쳣Ƭؼ䣬Ƭ̹⾰ӰɢһƬž
ЩھҲ˳ߣֻʣ˵ڵӣʱһƬ֮

ݣݣ
ѪҲǽ׷ţһӰХƿһƬľɭ֣ƽ
ܵӽӽϢ˵ɫ൱ء
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ȥǶӲߣסǡĸеĴ󵶣΢ͻȻͣ
ԣ׿ɫʱһ䣬ԣƳһۣǵߣȻһ߲
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𣬹˽Щԥ
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ĿǵӰϿһۣȴǳûаϻתߣ׿仯Ƭ̣Ҳֻܺݺݵһҧתӳ
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ӦѸ뿪ˣĴָڵ֮ϣǶ˫У˿˿̵Ĺâӿ֮ҲȻ
֪ΪΣǺ˵ӰϣʲôȻоһϤζ
ʹ˫̧Զһɭ֣ٵƷ֮Яһɷ֮ѸٵĴ
ৣৣ
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Ԫǰɽʯ֮ϵ꣬ȴ̲סһЦҡҡͷΪԪ˼ݲɱ㣬ʧˡ
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ǵҲ̫߿ԼҪȥʹеĴ˵
ЦϣɫʱıһǿĲڱӿ̶ֳȣǰҪǿ֣˿ûΪ֮ǰԳĴĵļ
ȻѾǴȫһƴ
̶𣿡
ȻԪȴЦһĻЦ
겢δڵϸָڵȻ£Ѫ˲͸̼䣬󵶱ǱȾѪ֮ɫ
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֣һЩԾ
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ৣ
ĺո£һǿȻӿ𣬰סеĳһӣһĽâǶ걩ȥ
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ܣ
һμȥ
ꡭ
ЩȴѪڣŵӰӹһԭеĶͣԭأ̺󣬲ĵ£Ѫ࣬һء
ԪȻ˺󣬵ҲӰεؿڴһ˺Ѫ죬ɼǡ
⻹ܿ£ֻʱҲˣ
µҩԪ亹죬д̾ҡ
ȻܹΪһ״ӵˣӵһԼصɱﵣ
Ѫҳһ֮ͽϵʱǡÿһĻʱз䣬һ


164 ˫
ϧˣ
ڴڵĴϢţˮʪ͸Щĵһ۲ԶԪһۣһľܸ
ûͣһ򣬿ȥ
ֻܰﵽˣܲѣԼˣƳһķѸٵʧڡ
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Ȼһ֮סˣ˭Ҳұ֤ܲڷһ
׷
˵Ŀһ䷽һѸٵĳڷ׷ȥ
׷ȥȻܹ꣬ǣ˴γ񣬿ɾ겻ˣ
ԪĿһЩѪһۣϡЩѪҳǵˣȴԥЩȻʧȥ
Ѿ꣬ѪҳǾԴȥˣ˵Ƕһһ㡣
ǿۺѾãڣҵһˣ

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λʦ֣ǻǷɢ߰ɣĬõͻȻڣߵ׿˵
У
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˲һߣҵҪӵȥ

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üһһȴڵɭȫϾǰ·ҪƵ֪Ҫ϶Զ
ǸŻЩ룬ܹоɭɢŨŨԼһȳ
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Ŀ⾯ɨ谵ĻǻһɭȣԵøİְ˸е
߼䣬嶼һֽ״̬תҲȻɢ˿
ţ
Ȼ䣬üͷһ壬һһӶ
뿪Ǵ֮ʱԭ֦ҶĴ֮£ͻȻܳһڵߣλϡ
һҧ˸գתͷܵεͫ˸ѪĹȳľУһ¶ţɫˮʱĵϵĿҶʴȥȻӵž綾
ߣ
һ͵һһתӶֱǳ֮ϣȻ˫صĲӴ֮ϡ
˻
ŭȥʱһɫĹ˸ԭ˻еȻֹѪͫ΢΢һһ˿ãȻ֮ɫ
أ
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治ɫһֵͷ­һħӸС߽űǺһٿҧ


165 Ů
СӣǲͱǰﾭͷǲĴһҧħˣССֹ

һȻɱͷŽ׳ھߣһ˿ԵҲ˲ɢ
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ڤɭ֣Сӻˣ
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ĸ£ϵ·Сţ˽Լʱ䣬ڵɭֵԶ͸һ˿Ҳõһ

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ৣ
ﻹδ˵꣬һɭ亮âĴ󵶱Ǽϡ
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亹죬˿ɣаɣǴ󵶱ὫԼĲ
ಡ
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£Ȼġ
˵ͷ⿴һ޼ʵĺɫɭ֣ͫӿֳһĨȡ


166 Ƶ
һνڤɭ֣Ҳ·ˣһ·Уûоκޡ
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Ϊ̫ȴǾ˲ޣˣҲϻнٶȣϢĻᡣ
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ŮϵĻɫȥ˿
˵Ǳͷǲޣ
ƳһǺŨĵش𿪿ڣһԵʵ
š
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ջĿ֮ʱӰ𺣣ڣʱڵڣȼܵŭ
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״ӣѾ龳˵΢飬Ŀ꣬Ѿ˹ӢǸΡ
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ڵһΪΨһһλSߣҲûаɾ͸С
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˿˽зҲϰٶȣϾŹȥû졣


174 ԰
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һͫײһǽУѸٵĽɿ
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̴ȻЩìܵķԸǻӦһ˳ȥ
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175 
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176 ط
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177 ̨
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㳡ǺѹѹȺǧӣҲڴ˿ԴʹһϣȴǳżǰһĻõǺ޲ŬгһգҲܻô˵١
ǰ𿴵һĻҲһԭӵУҫȻ˵ĳأ
İɣ̨һϯ֮أѪӿԼ˵ĻضҪ֣


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ڽ̸䣬ǷΪĸӪԴһǸԵӪУǱżеĽӰ죬˸Լһɵѹ֮С
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̫ûжˣ֮񶼱ô˰ЦȻɫ͵һ䡣


181 Ǳҽ
ৣ
ڴʱͬһӳһ֮£ǽӽ˸һ죬ǱǺޱȵĶŸʺ̶ȥ
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ȫû뵽ȻȷˣȴҲд󣬸ղԼۿɼħ޵ķô
ŭһгһΪӰǵصĶϯȥ
Ŀһش̳һһ𣬽â˸𣬽ЩֶĽӰĵ¡

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182 ʥ
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ƷȥĿ˿þ̽⣬ȴδоκεĲԣֻüͷǽ˿ռָС
ǲ֪ʲô;ĽƣٶȿʥһԼĪɴСĲ֮ϡ
ǲ֮УһƾĻλãһԼĪӤȭͷСĲɫƾһɹɾޱȵĻ飬ϵɢ
ζĸоԼԭ˵飬һ˿Ķ
ʥӹ㣬պˣ͸ҳԡ۾ɨʥҲЩɫ
ɢ˾ĵرϲʳ
ԣҲûʲôʥ۵Ϊ˵Ҳʲô̺ȴҪ˲٣Ҫգ϶ҪķѲٵʱ䣬ڵȻûʱ䣬ˡ
˵ͷûǰס֮еĲɫӡ
ˡ
סǲɫʱΧЩʱһϯһǳ˻
̯ƣһӤȭͷСĲɫӱǸ˳Ĺâɢţȵĸо˳Ĵݿ嶼ЩůڱҲ΢΢һ
ö
̾һֱ£΢ƽһм飬Ȼ˫һһ£ǲɫӼУһӿ
ǿǿŲɫӶʱҫ۵߲ʹâһҫ۵һ㣬ļڶ
ȻԭЩϲɫȻһ䣬ָ̽С
Ƶطܹյ黹һɣԭΪգоĴҲްǸһʼŷԼˣôŨ飬ԼƴȫҲֻһ˿
ֻܵȳȥˡ޺޵һۡ


183 ɫʯ
ҽ֮ϣ׷һӰӹϡٵļ˵ȻƬѰţϣѰһű©һ
ȻǰѹΣЩһѾߣҽΪɻŲٵĲ࣬һЩ֪֮ˣš
ҽһʯ̨ϣһӰţʱЩͷĶǳҽѰһпɵĶ
ǰ뿪ʱһĵӣһ˸ۣۼҽУɲ˿Ļᣬ뿪ʱҲһ˼һ淢δĶš
ֻڸΪߵǼ֮ˣе㲻ΪȻ
ΪУб£ǿʮӲȥģʱ䣬㹻ճɻҽˡ
ȻıҲǱ뷨ǶڸֲΥֻܴһЩˬ벻ͣ
ˣ𣿡
ĵĿĵɨڵҽȻһ˲ͱǻһĨ֮ɫӿ֡
ʱƬҽϣʣµһЩѰһһЩǿߣҲĵһı飬㵵Ķ·ҽ
ҽϣ˿һҽиֳȵҽţҽ֮еħҲڴʱ׷ɢ
أ
һ޴ҽȻҽ䣬һӰڶĿע£Ӷһʯ̨֮ϡ
޳꣬ǷϤӰõ͵ĵɴ۾
ǲǱҽе𣿡
ôţ
ôܣ
˼ʱʱǼ˹һ㣬֮ǰҽǻЩͬ飬˭뵽һȻܻţ
ǲδΧЩĿ⣬ͷǶ޳ƣƽգԼ۷״̬ĵ˵ͷ
ҽ£Ȼܽʥ̺֮ľͻƣҽ£õʥ֮ʱԼҲõĲ䣬ҵõⶫպֻҪʱˣԼʵܿһ󲽡
һЦ̧ͷһܣǸ뿪ҲǣǿûʱԼ֡
֮ɾͲ̹ˡ
ɫӹһĨ⣬һ䣬뿪ͻȻɫһԶһʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϣһ΢Ϥ֮ĿԼ
Ȼ˼ӣ
һˣɫʱ
֮˼ɫͷʱһԥıתӳͻƾ龳ʵȻĶ֣ڵǱҵ𻹻ŵ
ৣ
μӶʱǺ󷽱Ǵƿ֮۽һɨǾðֻӰѾǳ
ȻԶɣĮһЩɱ⣬ô֮˵ĶС
ৣ
ɫʱ䣬һգеĴ󵶱ֶһ𣬱ǺĶź󷽱ȥ
ߣ
һߣǿľʶȥͬʱһֻ޳Ǵӹӡӵĺ֮ϡ
磡
ֻ֮ʱӶʱǳ֣һѪ¶ĮԾһż͵ľ磬ݺݵĲȶ䱳ϣֱһŽݺݵ߽·ҽ֮С

ҽУʱҽһ˲Ǳҽǣڼ䣬ͷħιȻӡûüѻΪ˻ҽ
ָһǱĴҲǱҽУɫƽ֣תȥ
ΧڶӿһĻǾѣıӰҲԵøļɵԼ£˭뵽ȥ꣬ȻҲ˵׺ݡ
ǿ־Ǳĵӣֱҽвŷʹ֮ӡû
꣬ɲʲôӰǸǣҲеͷʹˡ
ǰҡͷܿǻعʼѰƬҽϲһ
뿪ƬҽԼĪʮӺ󣬱ǳҽķΧǰǳһƬƬĴʱһӰƻĳЩУѰһпֵܻı
ҽҪһЩ΢ֵ㶫ֱʲôΧǲʱǹϮ
ֻ΢΢һɨʧȥȤȻΪ֮أͺѳʲôıˣҲﶺ
뵽ҲͣһֱǴЩҵĴȻֱߣҲû
ǰĴһ޳ȴЩһЩϵĹſߣһЩӰҴҵĴʱʱһЩϲ֮ƺҵʲôöһǺܿ죬ֿϲ֮ᱻڸǡ
Ҳûôģ׼һһ·ȥҽ֮׵һЩʱ䣬Ҳ뾡ĸȥȻ˵ԼشͱϷˡ
μӶüͷҲ΢΢ţң֮ǰѰ˾ڸѣҲȥ
ֻ𲢲֪֮ʱĵѰ˱ӡȥˡ
ŵʱѾڶ̶̵ʮʱڣǧ׵ȣ;ʯߴûȥϸѰңֱӹµأģ϶档
ӦôΧˡ
Ųϵ룬ҲܹЩֵĴʯߣʼ٣ֹģȴҪΰ࣬ȻǰģҪԵø߹һЩ
ʱӹһȣһ޴ʯǳǰʱʯĴѱƣƺһӰǣû˿ĳɣ롣
ٶȿʼΪǰԶѾڶӰ
Ľǿߣ˿̶ǾۼǰǿƼģ΢΢ƲƲ죬ЩһֽŻͦİ
ӹȻ󿿽Ⱥλãٽ˷ŷ֣Ⱥϣһľ޴ɫʯʯϣԼܹһЩͼƣֻΪµԵʣЩͼѾǱޱȵģˡ
Щɫʯ£޴ĴɢһĪϢ֪ΪΣһ˿˿Ĳ
ǰоλλһ㡣
Ӱ룬һϵϢɢƬؼ֮£ð·޷ΥϢѹһ㡣
Զǿߵϣ


184 ֱնɱ
еӣɫЩأϢǶԣʵ̫ǿ󣬲ҵǣֻһֲġ
ҲĸֲܵؼϵϢһ˫ƻɫŨŨĻӿֳ
Ȳ֪ȥµԶǿߣжôǿ󰡣
һգԼҲǿֻʱ򣬲ܱԼںһУ
𿿽ȺıԵʱԶһ㵵ĿͶлż˫׺ݵĿ⡣
ҲǲЩ׺ݵĿ⣬˫΢΢һС
ԸΪľۼţŸ׺ݵĿ⣬һЦȻ˰
ƵЦݣɫ̲סҲǳ¶˲̵Цݣһһ㣬ݵĶ𣬳ɱҲƬ
С飬û뵽㻹ţҲãһ̫ˣһΣһὫץס֫
ǰһзһ˿âŸ
һ֮ǰѾ׷ɱԼһΣֽԼҽУСڣԼڽӣһﻹͬǰǰ㣬Լɲˡ
ǲЩʧûԸ䵭˵
ǲСҲͦʵģȻĮȻĿһգ󵶱ֶ
Ϊĸɴ࣬Ҳû˵ϻ뷨һ̤αǶȻӳ
ৣ
һƿ֮˻δǿĶһȥ
ڸȫԸòɫһһ൱Լѹѹˡ
״ȴЦһҲͺһгɨ

һȻڽ֮֮ʱ˵ӰǼٵȥƽɫ֮ơ
һĻһЩ֮
ǿԸǿƵĹӦֻܹŷǣȴûϵ߲ҲǷ˾˵ĹƣһӲ֮£ûѹƵơ
ߣ
ܵ𳤽ϴ΢΢һһºݺһ̤͵ȥ
һδʱоɫЩҲסˣʱҲٲ׾һ̣գۼ䣬ǳǰ
צ
һһצ˺£ǻΪצɭĹɽʯܹ˺÷һ㡣
Ķ˺һצϻһ˫Žףظ֪治ܶ飬׼İɡ
ɵ𣬲񰡣
ٶȱСӿϼСӻڸղһĺ֮УδӦɡ
һצ˵ǰˣǺȴûʲôʱԶ˶ȴҲûǰֵ˼
棬˭뱣ʵҵĿ궼أûԸ飬Ըʵǳ֣ʤҲߡ
Сӣɣ
ȵһʺƻδһɭɨεۡ
צ֮˲ٰ̧ͷ˫ĿŸȵգұ֣
ճڣһǿľǺθ˲ĿУӭޱȵһצ
Сӣ
ɫɻδһŨҵΣ֮бǴ
ʯһ˲䣬͵һбĸצҼһѪ˺
㣡
ڲ֮ʱĶУʱĸã˫һ˿־Ӷ

һĺӸкĺһѪĳӸ͸˵Ĳ䣬жһ㣬ֱֻ۶жϣѪɣϱء
˻
ЩŵĿһĻͽǳϴ󣬰춼ϲϡ
ӦͦġȾѪԵ쳣ĳжԸǷӦҲЩȡ
ղԼĺ£ǳһ˲Ļ㱱ǻعԼԭӺ󱳴Ŀڵһȴ̵ļϡ
Ȼж˸һֻ򣬿ЩԼĵѾ¶ˣȻû
Сӣҵţɱ㣬ҸĲΪˣ˻ȴͷҲصӶߣضǷˡ
Ȼʱ˸Ϊ𾪵һĻˣԭҪֵٶȣ˿ȴȻͬһ㣬һӰɿ׷Ǳĸ
һëȻвӸĵ𣬶ʱ͵һһӡ
̫ˡ
ڸͬʱһѪĳؿڴ̳

ȺĿøͻȻҵһȻһѪλأʱ󾪻֮Ŀ⿴
ȴΪ⣬ȻĳһЦȻĿ֮½ڸϲһǻ˹
ǴһĻʱǾȲѣ꾹Ȼ׺ݣɱͲǵñŭ𣿣
㣬㾹Ȼɱʦ֡
һɫѿЩŵ˵Щ룬ľ¸ȴû뵽ġ
ĺţ񾪺ıˣųʱ׼һ
СӣѾϢ˸ʦ֣׼ܱŭɣһһԼӡ
ݣ
ݣ
׹һʣļӶû˿ԥӡ˳ȥԼĺѾڴˣǿûٲأ˵һ˿ԼҪ
ѰǼ𱻻ҽһֱ˳
˵ע£治ɫľֱߵǰڵĵطĿһɨԭе궯ˣ˿̾˿ĿУǴżּɵ֮ɫ
ǰʵĺݳ̶ȣԶԶĳ˵
ɫ򶨵ʵҲЩղԼѸ͵ٶȽɱʱ˲پֱǽܶһ˿Ѹٵ׷ϺߣȻһġ
ʱԼľЩƣСƬʥ֮Ҳ˳˯֮УʱʣµļҪֶԸԼ¾Щ鷳ˡ
ݵʱ䣬źۼķŵҩϥǣָԼġ
㣬յʱ䣬ѾָĲˣƬе飬ڴʱҲǿʼȻ
ؼ鶯ʱĽյ˫ҲǶȻǴֻһ޴ĺɫʯȻǿʼɢ˵Ĺâ


185 ȸ
Ҫˣ
һĻһݣҲǳ
֪֮УʲôЩѧԱ
˳ڴĿУɫľâԽԽҫۣһ˿˿ɫĹ͸©Żһ޴ʯֺɫĹȻ䣬ȡ֮һּ˴ۣޱȵĽ⡣
ֵʱ˵۾̲ס΢΢
⣬ǡԶžѪ
һϲʱɫµ৵һ£ɴ˼֣˫ͨĿ⻯Ϊɫľ
ԶžѪ
ȣҲһڤͨڤͨǽһεſ˻õԶžѪŵͻƣнյĳɾ͡
żУõı϶ˣŰΪŵӵѡΣһЩǾ龳о޴Ķ
ƩԶžѪ
Զǿ֮ԶžѪϴ˵̥ǣҲǿĻ
Ŀ֮£ɫľһŽɫҺһ㣬䶯һּĲһɢǽɫľϵĹâҲһž޴Һֶð
Ǹһξ룬ܹŽɫѪҺ̺֮ĿԶǿߵ
˿һƬžֻ˴صĴϢ
ѾŷΪӪˣ˿ӪĺҲ໥ɨţǵĿɨӵʱǶ˼ּɵ
ǺǣҪԸ𣿣
ԳһЦ֮ǰ廹ҲûвţֱǽУЩЦݣһʱҲû˸
ʱƣŽɫľԽԽ䶯Һ廬ڽɫ֮£γһһҵСء
Ҫõ
аԼΪļ״֮䣬һβֻ࣬ԶžѪֶԼڶʱڣǵĲࡣ
ȻһԶžѪֻһ˵գĽʮӢӣ˭á
رͬΪ״ӵˣǺԶžѪȻҲȫᡣ
ԭһͬصӣ֮ѾҲֻʣһˣУʵǿľҪˡ
Ӫĵһս״Ϊģĵӣݾ걬κһ֮ˡ
ⶫӵĶҪѷһ˿ӵ״ӵǣҲǲСġ
ֻй¼ҹ˵Եòܶˡ
ֻǣΪ֮ǰչֳʵֶΣһʱҲûԸȥӲͷǣҪԶžѪĵûһͬģȶԸ
˼ˡ˫ͫ΢΢һǿȥԶžѪͷȤĿǷȺ
սþûкд裬֪ǲ˲ˡ
ڼڽ״ʱ״ӴЦţս˹ȥζʮ㡣
սüͷ΢΢һ壬Ŀ⿴ǱߣЦӣһЩ⣬˭ôӣң
ԭĹ͹һҪңǵθûô󡣡ս˵䣬ǽĳ˳µţȻҲһѲ
΢΢һУصıǵһμ
Ӽ״ҲóԼ
սǴ㣬Լ˳ȥɣִⲻԸأ߲󡣡
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ԶžѪֻһաս۾˵δǱ֮˸ˡ
սʱͲˣ黹ġ
ˣӣڿ»ƴһʱɣǱ߻λɱ˵ǿ˰
սüһתǳϡ
аųֲ˽սǻˮ
ֻսĻҲһ˸ȻҲΪɵս˵ģҲеǵġ
Ȼʱսһ˿֮ɫһ̤͵ĶԽһ˱ȥͬʱг˸Ķʺȥ
ս
ŭһгһǶսӶȥ
˴ʱҲһû뵽սȻȷѣӦ֮ʱǳѾľˡ
ȻȻҲǾ֮ˣΣյĹͷ͵һ࣬ǴʺһꪴһƬѪ⡣
ɱȺŭһ㳯ӿ£˹ȥ
ӣ˭սĶֻ֣һս֮
Ÿղսĳ֣еĳʱ
ĿųеĻսҲûгûȥԪžѪϾǶĻµһϳȥĻ
еĻսδ̫ãѹԵǰһӵĹһһĺӡδ
Ȼʵǿһ˿սӡ˵Χ£Ҳ׽⣬Թ˲Ͼ
ߣ
սŭһгϵһǿķһâˣԼⱩȥ
ĻʣļҲսˡĵҲû̫˭ʱƴһöԷռ˱ˡ
ӡˣ֮սģպضʮսԶԶӰѾʧڴС
սһ˵ȥеնʱýղŶԸսʱ֣Ǵ˿̶ǼɵŶԷˡ
㽩ŵԷЦó˫ʱҶԶԷ֣ΪԼ
֮ǰԼչֳļµʵҲûԸȳֶԸԼһжΪԷ˼ѡ
λˣԶžѪˡЦһ˵
ң
ͬʱȵ˫Ŀһ˿ɵһʱ׼ͬʱֶԸߵļơ
ǵɫЦЦֱԼĵӣֱǰӡ˼״ɫһ䣬һۣһݣͬʱϡ
Ѿ˵ȵزˣǱѡ񣬱Ҫƴ
Ĺȴûһ˿η֮ɫ棬Ļ龳Сɵǿߣеѹȴ㶼飡


186 ռ

ź£ϵѾǰˣȴûʲô
джǷһ˿ɫ
˵֮ʱǷѾŵѪȵζˣЩ˿ǣʱǵɫȴȻһ䣬ΪĸܵԼеĽȻǴӺߵк谭Ĵ͸
ȻǲӰ
ৣ
һƿ֮һ˲һĳӵĲ֮ϣһֻ޳ͬʱҲ˵ĺԡ
Ŷһ
˶΢΢һг˺Ȼô벻ףⲻܶĵطôٶȵġ
λڻҪԶžѪ𣿡ĿɨӹЩĵӣͳΪ
ڶĵӴ˿̶״Ӵ˿̵Уʱ˭Ҷ
һۣڣ¶һĨĿЦ֮ɫ
ɱû˿ĻɣԼʲôͷĻԻɱˣ²ɱ
Լ֮ǰһУ˿ԵôĿЦ֮ˣΪ˲鷳
ԣʱжô᲻ԶžѪջսʤ̰ϾԶžѪҲȲԼСҪ
˻ɣ˵ֿ壬ҲȻһ
ܹˣϾʲôѰɫǲһҪֵĻԼ˵ǸС鷳˺󣬶˫ԣõĽ
Ӯˣ˳
죬һ̾
һҲǿЦŵ˵ͷʾԼˡ
ôͶлλˡ΢΢һЦɿˡ
㣬ЦУ˲ʵ뿪⴦Ĺ鲻ģüʶʵٳᣬҲûĸǣӺ˶̬ˣֻȻ˳˴
뿪һ첽ߵԶžѪγɵСرϡ
ԶžѪ
ǰ˸ŽɫСأѹеļһᣬһѪС֮С
ડડ
Ѫĵ룬ⰲСжʱ
ֻǳУȻһϵĹƳ֣һޱȵϢСд
֪ԼѪѾԶžѪĹЧƣֹסϵѪȵǰСӡ
࡭
СеԶžѪʱһ㣬ʱðһСݣЩСݵѣԭճĽƵѪ
̶̵Ƭʱ䣬ԶžѪСأɱһڵɳأһصȻɢÿռ䲨ǹɽǱ˿
һȻ˿ԥһֱǻΪһӰԶžѪĳڡ
ͨ
ɫĳˮ𣬵ÿһγˮ·ǧµʱ򣬽ԶžѪĳУȴǦˮ
ǳʱǶȻоóΧĳˮɽһѹϣȻ⣬ÿһϸǷһʹһ
ԶžѪ
ִʹ֮еδõ𾪻ţһϲ
ΪܹоЩɫĳˮ֮־Ũ˺εȳ̶ȣǴ޴ĽУЩŨҲǲϵϴˢԼ壬Լһò˵飬ˢ֮£Ҳ˻Ծ֮С
ЩѪԶǿʵģǲûбκζȾҲȫҪᴿ
ڽɫСеüͷȻ壬Ĳִʹ֮ǿֱƤѿһϸ΢ơ
ͨľ龳ǿߣƤˡ
Ҳоѹɽ֮һ㣬ϵʹ⣬ļΪ
֮£ЩԶžѪͨëף뵽ڣͬʱСڵĽɫҲ𽥵ı䵭󻯳һ̲ˮ
䡭
ҽһ㣬ͨһƬǿɫһĪƣϯ
ЩɫԶžѪ뵽ں󣬲ûǰ㰲ؼζȻԭеżһߣھںֱײ
ˡ
ͬʱЩԶžѪУӳһĪѹֱӳʶȻҪռʶ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һ˫ͫױ˽ɫͬʱϵƸǿˣɢĲȻõΧĿռ䣬ǵһۿɼ
ɫǱޱȣ˫ɫ˫һۣὫ궳ᡣ
ͫһ˿ɫҪɫûʱͻȻǵڻһŻ⣬̼䣬㽫Щɫȼ
ÿµʶ
ŻͫҲָ䣬ǣڣȴǲһĨ
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һ𣬶ʱ㾯
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ڴʱƿסλá
ԶžѪеĲʶƺҲܵʶǶʶǣȴľҪ
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ǵѾԶõ飬סЩɫԶžѪȫš
ȻЩԶžѪȴް㣬׾ٵı˺أھкֱײƺҳڡ

ҧأǲסѪо֮ʣͷھںֱײޣȴȻͣ
һɫ壬ûɢôµƣǣЩԶžѪʱȴһ㣬ήҵ

һĨ⣬ԶžѪҪ֮ʣֱתΧס
ǾӰԶžѪеЩ˼顣
Ҫ֪ڵǱȽϡģڵ飬֮棬ų⣬ǣԶǿߵľѪȴЩϡǳľη
ûǾη
ĸоԶžѪƺǳ֮ĶûС
΢ĸӦһûĴֱӱЩЩԶžѪ
ʶڵĻ磬ʶѾռǾڵǧٿס


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ԶžѪһЩҲ˳
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ٶȻعʱѾһƵɽϡ
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ݣͨǿڵСϪĻôͨζǿڵ飬Ǻ
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۹⣬ܿǿ֮
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أ
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飬ȥҵܵɣ
ڱԼˣʱһſڵϵӰɱӹû֣ͣһգǱǹ৵һǶ˼ľ룬Ӱݺݵȥ

һ⼣߰ߵĳϣԭſŵҲһԾ˫һǱǹǱ˿
ţ
ĻϵĨЦϣһ˫ĿĶ˼
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Զĸ˫Ŀɵ𣬵ͺһһ̤ɫ飬ǰסαһѽסǹǹΪһĻݺݵײȥ
ȻκηĻᡣ
ৣ
ת˲֮֮϶ųɫĻ棬ֻȼԼĶԵüΪðԵ񱩡


205 ӡ
ڻĿ괦飬ȥǱԼĻյ˫ȻǺɫͬƽ̶һ㣬ĻƺżΣյĹâš
̧˫֣ǰϣһ⸴ӣȴЩϤζӡ
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뷴ʱڵ״̬ʵãٶ֣»һЩԻָ
պڷҲ̫į촽Ծ»񣬾ֱźػڵĴȥ

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˶ˣ죬ػУŸϺһʵ
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ˣȾϢɣȳȥ¡ػǰ꣬ܲԼǰȴһûµӡ
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ͷĵɣԲģȥʦֵ㵤ҩػ˵ȴ͸һ˿ѹֵķŭ
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Ƕ˶ǳ壬أ֮ˣʮ֮˾ű֮ˡ
Լôǵһ״ӣⲻżյĹ⾰飬˴Լ֮֮պ󻹻еڶνɱνɱ


206 ؼ
ţ״ӣǲĻǻͻ̳з֮λ
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ɽ壬ԭɽϣͻȻһ󼱴ٵƷ֮һӰš
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źһת˳ȥ

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Ӣ˽һİƱϣ޴ֱӽ˦˳ȥ󣬺ݺݵײǽϣ

̧ͷǺѪŸ׵գһ˼ĿԼĸס
˶ǲֻ𣬸ȥɱˣź˫ðٴһţֱӾͽ߷ɡ
ĵӣǣȴڵĵӣôһλӵгΪʦţ˵ǶôҪΪһ֮ˡ
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207 鵤
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뵱ԼҲΪ۵ţǣڲŽ龳ʱ򣬺ػǻǵãʱԼô鶼֪
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ֻǣΪдǿĵ̣ȴûгһЩأ


208 ؼ
𲽷УٶȣϢĴؼʯĴУͬʱĿ⣬ҲǲϵɨӹЩʯѵһؼȴĿļš
ƼƷؼƷǻ
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Ҳ֪츳жߣ

ָƽٴγ˿ţǽ˫֣һǲʯ֮ϣͬʱ˳˫֣Ŵʯϡ


209 
ԭΪоҷӦ𣬰󣬲ջƣЩɻĶǰĲʯ
ûκλӦ
ӴǾӴһǲʯʯһ˿Ϣû¶
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Ͼؼʱ䣬޵ġ

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һе飬һֻӿҽһ㣬֮ߣõûʲôһ


210 Ȼ
˫ֳֻ
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ȻС࣬ǣȴܹܵڷĻ棬¶ҪߣҲ
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ǰ⼸ˣϴվڵǼ
׻ݲӴκĵӣλʦܣ뻻ȡʲôҩ֮ģɡ
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ǣǰͲʮ˾ŵϣȴܵһΣ֮Уֻٿı־ʱеļɵǻΪ˼
׻ĵӣƲĵӣΪǶç֮࣬ӣǸ֮ϻ
Цҡҡͷǰ⼸еļ벻мȻǿУҲû̫˵۹⣬ǷͳһһֵƣڼǰһΡ
׻
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׻ʱбǺڲѣ׻ĵȻ԰Ƿڵλ磬Ҳϸǽ״֮£֪ˣǾڰ׻壬պ϶Ҳʲôùӳԡ
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һʻЩɧ˵ǱΪ׵ĵӵһۺ󣬱ûм˵ˡ
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뵽ǹһ˿ĪЦ⡣
ѵ˽ƾĦԼƵƷƣ
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ֻǣ벻׵ǣǺˣȻֵðƴʦءҪ֪¿עģѵȥ
Խţ;ãƺʲôԼ֪飬ڷ嶥ʱŲɼӿһЩ


211 
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ǰװʲôֵܼôãڶ˼Ϸȥֹ˵Ϊ̭
죡պʲôʱΪ£Լ˶֪
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ϴξΪ죬õѰ˰࣬Ժ󻹲֪㣬ҪԴġ
ֺǳ˼֮󣬼ǻָ֮ǰֻ̬Ѿûǰ԰ˡ
һʲôﲻǿûôʯ㡣
ʱڰ׻ϴǰĹ㳡ϣվ˰׻ĵӣΧһȦȻʽӣĴʮˣǱǰ׻ĺĵӡ
Ⱥ봦ĵӰӡ󻪡һ꣬Ŷʮģ
󻪣صû湻ҪҶ˸ۣˮ¸ţ治֪Ǹˮ¸ƷӶ
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ˣС츳޶ۣϰ䲻ţҲ֪һ츳ȻңǷڸ֪Ҳǻڹء
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ӣҩͯ⣬ͽ״ʸ˰ɣԣǽļһòƻ˵ǸŷǻǴ壬żŹ
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׻壬Ҫˣ
νĻ⸱Ҫ׻֮λ
ҲԣԼƳЩƷѾаʱˣƣҲΪڸûˣԲŸӶ棡

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һ𣬶ʱ㳡ϵڶӶǰԵ˵ͷ
ȷ츳ߣɲպɼԸߣʦ֣ǰ츳Ҳһ㣬˼ڶƷˣ
һǽԺİ
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ԭĹ㳡ڼʱǰ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱպΡ
Ƕ޼ɵ˵Ĳǣִﵽ壬ٻҪʱôû뵽ⲻһӵĹˡ
Ŷʦܰҽж
Цһ֣ɫûһ֮⣬ңֱӳΪʦܡ
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ϵɫ΢ΣأһĨĹâ
ȻĿǰΪ״ǿ϶飬ǣϾӻû
ôҲû뵽˵Ĳӣ


212 ͷ
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˭ûϵ飡
վߵİҲȻĿ
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ԣʱ󻪵ɫҲȥ
ȴΪ⡣
ʦܣκ飬ûȷʱ򣬶бģ˵š

ƤӲźۼɫʱѿˡ
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ԼûϣˣԣϣӶϣڴܹΪһΰ׻
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㾹ָʹң󻪵׻ɽۡ

Ǹϴɫģ̾һ֪Ҫⷢˡ
ȻδʽΪ״ӣǣȥ֮ʱѾҪöߣңͱճ꣬һʦֺηΪǳһ֮ìܣûκ˽ģ˭֪㾹ȻʹңѵΪӵ츳Ŀ𣿣
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аһҲֱ˵Ÿļȵʦ䶨øĵĳƺĵģҪκѣ


213 
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ԣףΪλǲ̫⣿
Ȼ֪ʶԾĿƳ̶ȺԼ⣬ͱˣУͺСӹҼһɬһ̶ˡ


214 Ҳ
׻嶥
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬Ǽ˶ϣЩĿУŸпĽڶԼӵʱ䣬һöƷ۳ͺ󣬳ϸֱӱһ󾪺

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ʦƴʦʣмأЦЦߵԣʵ
мƣĸУʱ΢΢һԭʦͽ֮˫ϥص£Ե쳣

üͷһ壬ȻҲǷЩԵĵطöЩĵ֮ǿ˵ղʦ˵ĻȻҲемأøҿ
мƣǼΪĶ
οǱƷϵмƣԻͨƣ
ôӵϡеأ
ʦƷƣȥ⾳õһݴãʱӱ±ԣ⴫պӻƳƷ֤ҵ׵ģԽ˵Խί£òģ
ԭЩɵ⾳ֵʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ٿҲûôˡ
⾳һƵĿռ䣡
˵ڵĿڱ棬Ϊ⾳лһλϹǿߴУӶŴԼţΪڡ
Լã⾳УһнпܣֻҪԵãǻõؼߵؼǶпܵ顣
⾳ѹһֱϳϣһˡӸİ룬Щп˵
Ȼ±ԣҲǿ㣬һһмǿС
ҲǺЦ˵Ϊ
ΪȻ⾳еİء滹кܶǿߵ²УңǰҲгֹǿ߲ʶ±Ե顣
ϰ֮ˣһ֮ˣȥΥԣΪΥԣߵˣպĳֹڴˣǴ
лʦӵĿԡ
һԩѩģ˵ȴĿЦ⡣
Ϊ״ӣǻɷѿ˰
аȻ֪⾳Ǵɫܿӳһ
ҲǸչֳһЩˣֻиΪҫۣܻԴҲЩС˵裡
˲ңҲˡڶѾȵͷˣòҲͲˡ
ʦܹƷΪʦҵģеˡ
һֳԶ˵Ż˽Ŀ⼯Ϻ΢΢һЦ˵ʦɣǰãҲһƣ֪ܷڴҲλͬŵʦֵǣָָ㣡
Ĵ˻һʱ㳡ϵ˷һЦǰͦһˣû뵽Ϊ裬ʲô˵ʲô
ҪöʦΥԣóƣӢ¶ʦⱲӾͻˣ˲òССȴĻ
ڣƣҪ
ѵǹҼ𣿣
ֻǵ˵Цˣ㾫츳ΪŸŷѧ˶õˣѵһ첻ɣ


215 ˺һ
һһϦ֮
Ƕ츳ߣ㿪ʼϰиָţܹƵҩҲ꣬˵һöͼƣţʱ䣬ųɹƳƷ
ƾʲô
Ҳ˵Ŷ󣬲ʮ߰ѣ
ңֲǳڣԴƶСڣֱǰ꣬ҽš
ˣֱ˵ǰʮ꣬࣬ҲֻܹѧһЩ֪ʶѣ࣬츳㣬ܹƳҩѡ
ţûܹԣûָܹңҲûƣܹѧϰ
ԣҪӴƣҲڽź
ŲŶʱ䣬ܳɹƣ
˿췽ҹ̷ҲǱŲŵ̬
츳ܹ˶ݵʱƣѵΪƣܹ
ԣУˣ꣬ǽ̤ʵصˡ
Ҳ΢üͷãǸ츳ߵСӣ̫İӶĸĿһˣ
飬ǰҲûзϾ̫ᣬĸ꣬Ҳġ

ɫԣɫ΢΢һ䣬첽ߵǰ˵𣬱ˣΪʦ֪츳ߣɲǡ
ʦҲѰҵƴʦ
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ӵĻֱͣסͫ͵һζʱͣȻѾ˹ȥȴһӶһֱصϢ
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Щ࣬ӶȻĳ
ҲãǾ԰ɣ
ѾվڶǰԵһۣѹе𺳣ϵ

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ʮ꣬ܳΪʦĿԣ͸ˣţڴˣ
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ˡ
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Ѿ޷ݴʱеĸˡ
ͬҲƣȻӵôһ˿ǣȴһȼġ
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ʱʵ۵ƣǲƣѾҪˣֻݾĿƳ̶ȣѾ嵽ˡ
һЩ֮ǰãضϰ׻֮λˣʱĵͷȥƫƽ˲
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ˡ
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εõ˸߼Ƶͬʱ˸޷ŵǣڵ䣬Ȼö߼ƣңԼ̵ʱ䣬˳
Ҫ֪ӣһöͨĵƣҲҪôʱ䣬𣬾Ȼʱ䣬۳һöǣ䷱ɬƣ


216 ȫ
׻֮ǰѹѹȺվ㳡Ȼʱȴžޱȣûһ˵ΨһǲʱһصĴϢ֮
㳡ڶ׻ӵĿ⣬޷ŵĿվڴǰꡣ
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217 
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ƳƷ˵ķ϶أԼԼڣ׻ҲݲԼҵĽС
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ӴЦԵҲΪ⣬Ϊܵĵӣ㣬պҰ׵ĺʦֳȥɽˮˣʲôѧϵ⣬һ̡
ʦ֣պʦЩ⣬ʦֱҷ˵
ȻĵӣȻ
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ˣСӣպû¶ཻͺˣЩȥɡԼϵЦŴǣ˵
һ·ߣ̸ţܿǰ˫Ŀɨӹܡ


218 
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ڴ֮ʱһֻ֮һӰ֮ͬСһӳվԡ
һԼĪʮ꣬СŮһɫȹһ˫ںڵ۾Եʮֵ鶯۵ɬüĿһ˿˿Ƥ֮ɫһ֪Ǹֵ
£ȥ𣿡
һŮʱԭºЦӶʱ䣬رᵽǸ桱ֵʱ΢΢鴤
вУϸѾӦ˵ģƭԼȥչˣأǲ㿪ġ
СŮ˵˵ţбǷһ˿ˮ⣬˵СһԵó

һСŮһҪ޵ģʱͷʹѣĿͶӡ
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Цһ󣬼˵һΣʱ䲻ޣܳŶãҪ˵ʵˣ

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ǵãѯʺػ֮ʱἰǣǵطƺκ˿ţֻһλԪϣԽС
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޷𵽵ôġ
ѵľǡ츳
˵̫𣿡Сߺ߳ѾԼצ׼ʱȥˡ

εͷƺҲ쵽Լƺ˵ˣ
˵ʵڵģӽӴƵڣǵƣƣڼ̵ʱڱ򣬲Ѹա
ԣŻãƣһǳ򵥵顣
ѵԼţɵɨһˡ
Сӣǰһ㶼ǫ飡ӵһۣȻô˵ţǣȴ¶Цݡ
ôһӣǳ鰡
ˣҲͱ԰ˣ
ûĵһۣǶһԵԸȥɡ

㹧Ǵ˳ȥ
뿪ӲǶʵ˼ǣ
¡
ʾº󣬲ûСӣֱ˵츳Ѿӹˡ
˶٣˵ǣȴеˣʮ꣬龳СɣǲһǺҩĻ£׷ˣ˷츳
Ȼʱ츳ڶûܵǣ𾳽֮죬ɲǸֻߵ츳˰
ԭˡ
˼ĵ˵ͷҲ⣬ֵлΪС롣
ǺǣҲΪС룬ΪŶѡ
ȻһЦǣЦ棬ȴһĨǡ
ΪҪΪڵǶȻŸϻԻͣǣҲʹٲ

ϲʦܡ
·ϣԴĽ֮ɫߵ˵
ѵʦ֣ûܽ𣿡ԽԽˡ
ǾʲôطΪ˱ܡ
š
˵ͷ͵ԭܹ˽ģǣ˵ӰǰʼڵͱĺܲȶΪ³⣬ԣͷˡ
ȶ
ЩԺֱӳֻɽ緢ĳ棬ʱɫһ
߼䣬Ѿܽӽ嶥λˡ
ܰûѲߵĵӣҲûκжûУžЩ¡
ֹ
һ޴ʯ·м䣬ֱжǰ·ߡ
ৣ
˿ʯ֮ʱһ΢ƿһɫӰǳǰ
˭𣿡
ֱʵ
ǡش

ǵɨһֱۣԽʯźȥ
ʦ֣Ҿȥˡ
һȭǸѾյ
ԽǽӽԽǾ쳣
̫ˡ
ӳΧɨȴ֣˵ʲôҰȸûһֻϡ
һһûκλ
֮⣬ûǰȸУѾܽӽˣɽȴ
һУܲ


219 
嶥
һ͸ĹĻ𣬽嶥ڣڣڣݡ
⴦ĻʮλһλһϢȣƱˣһ֪Ƿ֮
ǰһĻˣΪΣ嶥Χڣûˡ
ĵﵽһ̶ȵʱҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬱ܳһɽڵĵڡ
֮µ֮࣬Կɼ֮Ӵ
ǰľ뼴Ҫ籡ĻɽΪֻǣȴĻΣѹס˶ѡ
û⴦ĻţֻѾΪһɽ֮ˡ
ΪҪأ
벻ף·һľګģҲûпʡ
ȥ󣬱룬ܲסʱ򣬻صĻǰԻ
ǰ󣬻Щ˻ƵĶ𽻴һ䣬óһʯڹĻһţǸоԼһץ첲ֱ˦˽ȥ
뵽ĻںΧʮλߣ۾
ߵ츳еͰ
һλ԰׵߿ˣüͷ¶ɻɫ
֮ڣѾʺˣȻŨǣȴǳĿ񱩣һãᷴ
ԣŻ᲻׼κ˽ЩԪϣְҲֻǿѡ
˵СѾܹƷˣֻҪһҩһΪѣ𶾵ĵҩҲѾˡ
ǰĻ˿ˣ̯߱ǿһöɢɫâĵҩʱڶһĨȡ
µڣȷС޼ɵˣֻǣֲֻ̫ͣ˶ð
߿ˣ֮⣬ǾЩ̫˷ⵤҩ˼
ְܼʱ䣬ҲͶԵⵤҩˣ
ٴοڣ߽΢΢ͷûмȥǽĿ⼯ڹĻϡ
Ĳ˵츳ֵԣἰ֮ʱ˲ûзԣ

Ļڡ
ûüӦ˱ǱһɼȵǰһУҲȡ
˻
û˿׼Ƥˣһĵʹһæ飬
ÿ񱩵飡
¶⣬ܹƿܵȻҲܵĵ쳣
˵ȪôǷˮ
ȪȻʱãǣˮȥǻ᳦õģ
ԣʱ𣬲ȡ塣
ţ
ʱȴһԾһ˫Өڣ˸һĪĻâɨŻɽ֮ǹҽƺѰʲô
𣬲ûȥע춯Ѹٵһط͵ȥ
棬ÿһÿһ̣˱͹尾һȻ˷ʱùϡ
ʼɡ
һ˿ɫӡһᣬһڷʱΧĿռҵĲһȵӿȻһĳһ㣬棬˳ë׾ڡ
Щ룬ƤҲ𽥵ıùպĸְһһ˿˿ڶϣһͬ䶯ţȥΪ¡
ǿĲʣ߶ŷϵڵЩ飬ͬʱЩһһų⡣
ÿһľƺССɱ䣬ɱ䣬һ㣬ԭֻһСϪһСӣɵ飬Ҳǳɱ
ɣΧռĲҲӵľң֮أһһΧ飬ǣ˹ӿڡ
һֱʱֹ֮ͣΧŨˮ飬𽥵ĵӰҲֵĸֶ
ʱϲһڳɫѪЩǱųĻ𶾡
˫ͫһ˿˵ĳһͣɣΪܲˣڷİ£ɵԶԶͬȼǿߡ
ţܵһͻƵԲַֹͣɡ
ꡭ
һ΢죬ϵĳɫѪѿһѷ죬һ֮£
óѨˡ
£ڵ鶼˾Уһ٣͵ŶĵһѨȥ
ѵãûԥ
䣡
䣡
ڽγ£һѨѿһϸ΢ķ϶
䣡
һεĳһڻֱҰĽѨѸٵӿС

ղųƵһѨûĶ飬ɳӯ飬û˿ԥֱڶѨȥ
䣡䣡
ڷĳ֮£һɹɷ֮ľʹЩ鴤ǿҧݣϵĳš
أ
ھ˽Сʱʱ䣬ڶѨҲǱʱͷҲǲ˺ˮɫҲЩס
飬Ÿտٵľ۶ȥ˵Ѩ֮ǰ
ڴ֮ͨγɵһصѭڶرҪͨڶУҪѨǶĵѨߵѨ
˼ţһĨᶨĹâȻڻ޷ȫͨѨҪƿ
Ѩƣ
ŭһڵ飬޷˵ĶŵѨȥ
䣡
䣡
γ֮ҵһһ˿ѪǻǾ޴ķ֮£Ѿ˵ˡ
ټӰ죬һƺѾҪֲȥˡ
ƣƣƣ
зŭţڵһ˿黤ס֮ʣµǲϵĺѨ
ĳһֱһСʱʱ䣬Ѿȵ¶ȣѿһĿĵ˿ڣѪǴЩ˿ڣ
֮⣬ڼ䣬Ϊַ֮ľҲܴأõҲһεĿѪ
ƣҲЩ㱵ʱѨҲǱ˺ѿһ΢Сѷ졣
أ
ʱػһ㣬ǿʹƣе飬һδҵģޱģǵ΢Сѷϡ
ʮӵҳǵѷ󣬶ʱڵ飬̵ĺˮӿ룬ѨС
ڴͨˡ
һһǴڷеӿǵѪδãǴ߶ŷ飬žеġ
Уһֱ˽һʱڵŴﵽ˱״̬

³һڰ֮ϵɫҲ


220 Ǳ
ʱܿ͹ȥˡ
˿˿Ѿ谵ɫοĻȴҲûдȥ
СӲʲô˰ɣǾСɾѣдϰ죬ǰĻ𶾣ܹܵˣ߷ʡ
һ
龳ˣڴһ죬Ҳж⡣Ȼɲһ
Σڵ飬Ѿ굽ʲô̶ȣ֪ˡ
ҪҪȥ
Ͼ˭Ҳʧȥôһλ츳ƴʦ
ס
ڹĻǰǻҡҡͷҵȽڣֻ£ƿĻ֮ʱСĲʱֻҪ¡
ʵȥѾòס
ڴ˵ضܹоڵĲӵǿˣֻò˶ã󶼿ѹסˡ
˵ҲϹˣСֻһ³ç֮ͣɾͣʮУλ߿ˣһ仰ǡ
ҵҪСһﵽֶáǵǹĻڣ૳

ڡ
ϥգɮһ㣬˿ܹ޵Ϣ¼ˣΪʲôˡ
žճԼĪһңһĺȻơ
ƽȵĺıѭƽĺУ˸һ֮⣬ƺûı仯Ϥڴˣϸ۲죬ǻ֣ᷢϢøΪƳˡ
ʹڵΪþһЩ΢ı仯ѨҲ˽һ֮ࡣ
ȻջҲǽӵǿᾫĻϣ߿˵ȱһɡ
Ͼз飬ų𶾵ٶȣԸϡ
о
·ҽ쿪˫ۣΧŨ飬һЦ
˿ڣǾ⣬ڹϸǴ۷״̬һָоֻҪֱһǹԾԾԵɽһ㣬Ȼ緢
ͻƾ龳Сɣһ¶ʱ䣬Ѿͨ˶еٶȣǴȥ»òΪŵǿ
⾳磬龳СɵǿߣҪͨһѨǸ£ʱ䣬ǳе飬ɼֻ̾Ϊֹ
ʵǰһƨܱǧԵ֮ʱȻǲʵ
ƳһֱۣĻ
Ϊʵһֻ죬˵Ĺ㣬ò׷˰칦Ӯˣһ䡰ڤɭֵ֡ýԼǳԵġ
Сӣȥ
׼뿪Сʵ
ȥԼܰһۡ
Ȼ黤壬ǣȸУȴǺܲܣңͻƣҸطȹһ¾硣
ٺ٣СӣղҸӦһܲ⡣ٺһЦһĨ
ܲ⣿
ɫһ˵ܲĶɲɺһ䣬ʲô
ʲôҲܹоõõҶǼкôˣż˵
ŶǶ̲סʵ
档
ߵԱߣһֻӣָķϢҽ˵
棿
˵ۣˮ㲻סðݵҽ̲ס˳顣
Ҳֻô뷨ˣȥģ
ɾ˵ȥֻһ˲ͷᱻֱڻǾԲˣҲҽھôȻһľҲֻ·һ
ɲǰЩҽЩѵ촽ܲȷ˵š

ңʱѹƣ¶ȣԳҲȥðա
ͨĵö𣿡
˷ֱۣ̬һᣬµ˵ȥȥɣȥĻԺʲô鶼ˣ
ȥȥȥ
һ쭵ģ죬漴óǱ⼣߰ߵĳȻһ˦ΪһӰϷɽǿֱóûɽУֻʣǸ©⡣
ڳ֮ϣһ˿ҽ֮·꣬ҽ֮أΪģ֮Уҽȫ޷ǺҴУʱ˭֪ܻܲصҽ֮ϣ
һ˿ӡǣҲһӦʲôԾҲѸٵҵ׼ȷ·
һУ𷽲ԸзģһʾԼѾ㶨ˡ
ͨ
һۣһɫĹֱǽԼסһԾһͷճҽ֮УһڶѸٵıѶĻ֮ٶš
һҽ֮УȻǸֵĸ룬ǳȵ¶ȺһǿѹǴ˷ӿ˿˿Ҳ¶ʴȥ
ܡ
ʩչͬʱתʱһ㵭ɫĻ棬ǽڣ˲䣬Ǹоࡣ
Ǳߡ
˳ָֻΪһɫĻӰ뺣һ㣬ճҽ֮дš

ãã޾Һ֮УһƬɫⰵУʱȴһɫĹӰһּٶȣѸǱš
ڹ֮Уг֮ɫǱѾŽʮʱˣȻȴһֱ·һҲûҪֹͣļ
ǱѾȽˣܵѹҲԽԽֲǰʱзܹƳɫˣҲԲ֧ŵڡ
ҲֹۣھеٵţѾܿҪˡ
ȻΧŨȴȫȥЩ顣
ʱѾһˣǻһãһСģٲ
û𣿡
̽ʵȻֻǵƳһۣȫûлش˼
̧̧ͷ۴һƬ죬ڽҽǰǳһӡǣʧ˷ˡ

̾һԼô;أյأԲע⣬¾ı³
˵ףԼ̫̰ˡ
趨һʱʱһ㷴Ӧŵ˫Ҳˡ
վʱоһ𣬵ûаɣĿ⻹СĴܡ


221 Ǻ
һƬ磬ȥҲľͷΪĽ£ְɫҽϸȥ仹͸һĨļµڣסߣԶҲ֪ص׾ͷʲô
ɨһȦвɵ¶Щɻ
˴ûа֮ǣСķӦѵﻹʲôﲻɣ
ɻ䣬һɫĹâƮȻڲԶҽ֮ϣֻƬҽ䶯ţȻһɢŵâ͸Ȧҽ֮иֶ
ʣھ֮࣬Ҳǳ׵Ĵ߶ڵ顣
Ѿκεͻʣͷҽ֮һĻģ˻ޣڵܿģΪǵѡ
ٴаľĿ£ҽǵĹȦǳ׵Ĵҽ֮͹Զ
һֱעǵ𣬼ǳĹȦ󣬶ʱĿɿڴгž֮ɫ
ΪǹȦ֮УûеֻһѾΪ׹ǵĹǺѣֻǹǺ֮ϣɢŵĻɫ棬һɵѹɢһɼѹ
⡭ǡ
ϤޱȵĻɫ棬Դ̲סѣ֮С
վڵߵ۷壬ΪܹƿɫĻ棬½ǵһμ̶ֳȵĻ档
ɢޱѹĹǺʲô̶ȵǿߣ
ѵ˵磬Ҳߴ𣿣
һĹĺëȻ䵹Ϊһޱȵľ磬޵Ķ
ҽУȻĴڣ
һͷƤЩ
ꡭ
ȵľȻؼʱ̣չֳ˼޵ķӦֻŵ׳ɫâһŤһĻȣǵļɶȥȵľ磬ļһʹ
ܿһǼ˼ںʱĿҲǾ紫֮ҲǱЩѿ
ھԼĪʮ֮һɫӰεҽ֮С
ͨ죬Χҽɫ£ϸȥĻҲԷ֡
ϸһǿĿ
棬ϲһƬƬ˸ŰƬԼĪɳĺɫβ΢΢˦ţԲԲԴϣһԵЩϸСͫг׺֮ɫʱңңĶԼ
аԳԾһ·СĽȴûиӦ˿Ϣǰͷȴܹ޲£Ϯ
ȰǹǺԺдá
Ŀʱǿˣ˸Ĺ
ȻǹǺˣӦǲ˵ǿߣǣһ߹Ǻʲô;
Щ벻ס
ߴ
ȻδʲôͻȻâзһ̶ĽȻβһ˦צֱ˺ѿҽֱĶ𱬳
˿һξ룬ǵǺԱߡ
򿪽ָ
һȣϵĴ򿪽ָţâһǾ߹ǺǱռָС
Ȼ۷֮ʱܹƿɫ棬ǣڵǴɫ棬Ǳضᱻճɻҽ
մȾһ˿Ӷˣ
е𾪵ǣȻɫ棡
ͷʲô
ߣ
ǹǺ֮ǳ棬΢΢һһӣһɫĻ棬ֱ籡Ȼݺݵ֮ϣ͵ֱҷʮףߴߴĽΡ
Ȼڱ֮жʱӿײ񱩣ݵĴһţΧҽʱʶΪһСҽڵһ㣬
ߣ
һǲģһҲӿֳһĨɱ⣬ֱӺֻ΢΢ſȻȻһգҽٶȣʱǼھм׾ʱΪһҽѶܵҽ֮С
ߴ
ƵٶȻԼĹøǷŭߴߴĽиͣȻ첻ϵźϣһſҽǼٵϵĳȥ
ܼĹȴȻһ˸䣬ǽһſҽܿ
ȻһֱСҽ֮ʱüͷҲ΢΢һ壬³âӿδһҽĳֵָ֮ƣͬһֱӲĺ󱳡
ۣ
ȻϵǲۼΪӲгɫļӳ£ֵһҪӷ˽һ˲׵Ķš
ܵһҽʱҵϸС֮ͫУ֮ɫ˸ߴߴ죬ϵĴдˮһ㣬ҽ֮мɢ
ǼĽƬ̣𽥵ļеҲѸٵɢ
ĿĮĿ𽥽Ӳ˵棬Ż֣Ƽ˳ʱͻȻһһĵٳʱѾһöɫħˡ
䡭
ǳɫħУ׼ٿ͸ȦʱӳɫҽĶߴҵ궯
ɫ͵һ䣬ĿĶҽ֮ڵҲǴʱ׼Ӧٵ鷳
ɫҽһ󲨶ͫһǳɫҽ֮󣬴ȺȺĺɫӰȺһӵһĿ⣬ԼļݣͷƤ顣
Ǹ棬ղžȻڽоȱ
õħТأ㿴Ǿˡ㬵Ķ˵
ϻܾ͵ɣǱмһĻ˵
֣Ҳֻ࣬Ⱦܡ
ҸоǶǸλܼ䣬ҽһָ
ʲô
һ㵣ʵѵŵĹǺ˵Ƕ
ȻǣǹǺֻһǳѵõĲ϶ѡ
˵һ䣬ĿĶҽһ㣬¶ѵɫǣ⣬ǿģ
ţ
ôһ˵͵һѿڵѵǡˣ
ֿԣ
Ļ
зȺ飬ػмһ֮𣿣
ңڿ֮ڵп˵ף
һҪõ
һĨȡ
˵ģⶫ
ΪҪⶫҪ޾£һһϦ֮һδˣôͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬲ֻˣ


222 ػ
֪˺ԭҪԭ·ص𣬶ʱı⣬ǳҽĸжȥ
ԽǱ¶ȾԽߣѹҲԽ
ǳɫ棬ҲѹЩˣٶȣҲ
ء
һʧ˲䣬㱻һͷ׷ϣֱײ˳ȥ
͡
ſڣһѪǣͣһײ֮Ѹٵǰȥ
жԶ
ҧʵ
ˣǰ棡ָָǰ棬ҲЩ
Ͼǿ˰
ߴߴ
֪ΪΣһȺԭ棬ͻȻͣڲԶεĿ׺ݵĶ
ţ
Ȼ쵽ˣǣûһǾ
Ⱥ֮û׷ǿ϶ǰŸֲĴڣ
ȥɣ˾ļĴߴٵ
ɣ
ǰǺлһᣬȼһɫ棬ָķȻȥ
ৣ
ͻȻ䣬һᣬǰһУõͫײһ
ǰһȷ嶥Ҫҫ۵ĹĻΧҽǱſֲĸ£õΧĿռ䣬ǵһۿɼƺܹٻκ

ſڣ³һĹâ뵽ǲɫ浱УʱѹļҪϨĳɫ棬ȼ
ôд󣿡
ɻɨܣʱһ궼λòĲӹĻԶ˹
ͻȻıʣһæˣոҪ֮ʱȴǾķ֣һɾȻĽԭأõá
ֱõɫ䣬תͷ֮ʱһϵӰŤĿռУĳ
һɫۣݲϣƤһ㣬ǣ˫ȥ˫֮Уȴ˸˵ľâ
һ֣ܵһĵףӶѹ֮СܹĸоֻԼһ˿춯ᱻֱ飡
ֺ߳Ҳڡ
Ǻˣ
΢Ĵһ˫ž޲ڣҲһĨ졣
ɻž龳Сһô뵽ģ
һֱڴ˵صΧĸ£ǾԲˣһ˲䣬ᱻֱӷٳɻҽ
Ȼ𣿣
ʱ߲ע⵽ǲ㼸ҪϨĳɫ棬ʱҲ¶һĨ𺳡
ǰСڵӣⱻһȺҽ׷ɱⴳ˵أǴŵǰľޣ
λߺ𷴶˵ֿӲͷƤش
ڵӣʲô֣ģеɫʵͬʱһɵѹֱס
״ӡ
ʵĻش˿ɻã˿ɣֻҪԼ˵ѣǹɽʵԵѹ˲佫Լݻ١
״ӣôһ˵һ˿ɻ󣬵ǹɽʵʵѹҲɢȥ
ӽŴѡνţǰû˵ҲȻ
аһӦЩϵԣԳƶĳ˵ӡ
״ӣҲûнʸɡףоȻûһ˿𶾣
˵䣬ߵѾǻͲ٣ϸĴ䣬ٴһĨ졣
Ȼ֪ǰûƭԼ˵մѡγΪ״ӣǰСӿмΪ֮
硭ɫ顣
ʵӳ״⣬ǰ׻״ӣЩܵ𶾵ĵҩӽΪƳƷӵĽʵ˵
׻壿Ʒ
ԺһȻĿⲻϵɨ𣬷Ҫ俴һ㡣
ʱ˵һУŴûзģңʮСӣƷ
߱Щˡ
עӼ䣬һĪҲǴǲϵзǿǹɾ޴ѹԵú̹Ȼ
Ȼ֮ΣǣҲˣòˣ
ȻӦѾ˵Ĵڣϣֹ˵ӳȥ˿ӡ
ǰһöмƣ̾Ҳ
츳ֲˡ
߻Ȼ˵Ȼ˴˵أôϷ㻤úһʱ䣡
лǰ
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ȥɣǽߵɣϸֳһỊ̃ȭͷݺݵ˹ȥ
˶ȭͷɽһ׵ľʱѾһ˿֮ɫ龳ԲȻֲ˹ȫǶ֡
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أ
һӴǳɫĶƱǻΪ⣬׺ȭͷȴûа֮ơ

ȭͷɵʱһɫӰĳǰűȭͷû˿ı֮⣬ŭһͬһȭ
أ
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ɭЦЦɼ˵˵ͷǽĿ⿴졣


227 в
˭΢΢˦˦ΪǰӲЩľֱۣȵ
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СұҪ
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ʱҲǽѣԭԼڵʵǶͨľ龳ԲǿߣҲȵռһ˿Ϸ֣ǰϼһԲһľ龳ǿߣս鼫ḻÿһж͸©һѪϢ


228 Ъ˹
ýлæˡ΢Ȼ˫ͫ͵һһϲ֮ɫɫ֡
𣡡
һִίĽһ漴һɫӰͬСһ㣬һ֮
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ſңˣӯӯݵĳطϲ֮ʱһԹܲʵ

ŭһͬʱһ͵ĺӯӯĺ󱳣ƣȻ뽫һԿŮȻɱ
ڼǱǽװŮӣӺԺɱֱͬšСһ㣬ץ˳еڶ֮˶̲סҪЦȴ±췢֣һǿеЦ⣬ΪϷʵĿС
ڼּ䣬һǿɫǰһ䣬ϼһ治ҪԺ󱲳֣Ȼӱǰ͵ϮţҲ֮һ
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ŵһһСϡ
أ
Ǵ徳һ֮£޵ֿ֮ı߷ɶŵı죬ߵڿյһ¾ȻǶǺХײȥ

һѪˮűߵ־ʹȻһڰǼ澣ߣֻҪûЮ֣ҶҪʮ
иͷ֮ʱȻһɼΣյĸоӺ󷽴
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ž
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Ҽ۾һǼڵһȥ׼ȴԭء
Ұ
۶ߣ૽еǺȴһ˿ӦûС
ղǵ龳ǿ߶δܽ£Ǵ׵γܵһ
ȻҲ㣬ΨһĶӣҲΨһܽʵ

۴ӻͳһƿҩһű̵ĵҩеʱһŵһ𣬳ҩ
鵤
ұ治ٰ
ϵǵҩˣЩ۲Ŀöҩǵҩųƾ龳µĵһ֮ֻҪһڣϣȻ
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۲֣ҩȥǵָһĿڱǼ䣬ǶȻסһϻ
ģԭһ˿ϣʱһģҡ
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ڣֻҪˣͼӵĴȻˣⴭϢڽµ֮ڵܾһУ
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˵ⶫǣ֮⣬óһƷʯģң
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걳˭ֻ֮ҪԼڣ˭ҶԼֺ
ǣȫû᲻Լŵġ
֮ûԼݣһԼʵȳӯӯΪ̨Ĳ
̨㾹˹ᣬıŵӣõŭһ̨סΡ
֪˭
ָӯӯ̨ɻĿȵȸΨһ״ӣӯӯ
˻һʱڣţ˵Ŀ⣬ǿһ£ɫԲ԰׵Ůڣ𾪣졣
Ȼǲڵĵӣǣ״ӵ壬˭Ψһ״ӣҲ˵ǰŮΪպڵһ֮
ţʱ˲ɶһ
ŮʵĻҿɾ̯ϴˣ
ʱ̨Ŀ⣬Ҳ˸Եԥ
̨ˣĳ͵ˣŮӣǰŽڣôܳΪһ״ӣ̨˿ɱСƭˣ
ɫһ䣬Ҷ˵λֻҪְĳºĳʯһöΪл
ԣе֮ˣʱЩȻʵ϶ҧ飬֮Ƿ١
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ְɣλ˭СӣĳʮöƷʯл⻰һʱΧĺǳࡣ
ߣ
ûԥӯӯ˳˴


229 ɱ
壡
˳Ҵһ˲䣬һͷëķݣһ޷磬ʱһЩΪ͵ˣֱӱȷ˳ȥˤ䣬òҡ
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ѵ˵Ķġʱ̨ɫ˲ףĺ˼㱻ڵء
Ȼٺˣ
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˸ûзӦ£һţǱǿһĻ
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ˡֱ̱ڵء
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İɣԪ˧ֻҪһ죬κ˶۸ӯӯȻĵı֤
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һԣӯӯС죬ô˵ţȴۣС֣Ҳǣš
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УŮ۾ı
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һ·˫ȴܵ˶ԷŨŨ⣬һУڲС
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ھе飬Ѿһ͵״̬Ѿá
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ڳ£վһƬУʩչ׽ԼУȻһ΢̣ɢ
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ԶػЩֵĶҲɻ
ΪʩչÿһܻûκɱȻ似֮кã
ػףΪҪʱ˷档

սâڴ֮ʱһ󣬻˫Уоâӹ
֪ΪΣÿһΣ峿ϰ׽󣬶һжصĸоӱࡣ
ƺĳЩʣų⣬ʣõӵ׽Ȼ
𡣡
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ʦ

ף
ϸһ𣬺ػһĨ죬۾һУעãЩȻʵ츳ߵƷˣ
Ǽǵãŵʱ򣬲츳֮ʱ츳ǽӽߵƷѡ
ˣϸĴ˺üΣʳ

ͷҲ֪츳زˣǵ˵ͷ˵ôһ㡭
һ㣿
ػԲ۾
ǹ𣿣
츳Ȼ
飬Ϊһ֮˵Ƿżûй
ڣһӣȻǰ
ң˵ƺ츳һֱš
ʱػһһĶ
Ѿ벻κδݴʱеĸˡ
ŵʱ츳ʱǶ٣
ԼСܲˣһȽ϶̵ʱ䣬֪츳ٶΡ
ǡƷڨڨĵ
ػĬˡ
˵ʲôǣ淢Լ޻˵
ʱ䣬Ʒ츳ߵƷ츳Ƚ׵
ٹһʱ䣬ǰ˵츳оԼȫˡ
ңһֱܹȥĻ˵һ죬츳ܹﵽʮȣ
˵еġ壿
ҵ졣
һʲôĵӰ

ػЦЦŨǹź֪϶ڵĳӶҪˣ
ʱǺҵʱҹµѡ
ҹ£յĵ𣿣
һֱӵĹź죬û뵽һʱǴһʲôĻᣡ


230 ȥ
ϣһ˵츳ѾԺɾ͵ĸߵ͡
Ϊ츳ǹ̶ģǲɸı䡣
һ츳õˣ¸ٶŬɾҲ޵ġ
ź죬ػǿߣҲ֪Լļޣ󣬶˼Ѱ츳ĵϡ
ػ֪ڣź죬ĴΣڴʵ²ˣȴû뵽Ĳ廨Ĳ񣬱ȴӵ츳
𣬻һ£ҪŸ֮ˣȺ˵˵ܻһЩȽϼֵĶְɡ
Ƭ̺󣬺ػЦе˵
š
ԣаһ
ԼսʱΪԼûиıѡǸ˺ػȻǵʱź˵ĸ
ȡŴȡ
ĿǰʵǿģȻˡ
ἰ㣬ػɫҲһ࣬˵Ȼ岻Ϊ״ӵǻμŴȵġ
ǰ˵ͻ˾龳ĵӣʸΪĻųԴͬʱ
ػ˵ţСеر𣬶ңȥͻƾ龳ԣɻš
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ǹһȣҲȼһȵɫԼûǸǿ߽ء
ػɫЦҡҡͷҲûȰ˵ʲôˣҪԵͷŻ֪˴֮ĲģҲǼ̫˳˳ˮˣСԳԱҲδⲻǺ¡
ҪעĻˣһˣѾһ˵ģȸµĵӣˮȺͻƵ˾龳ԲʱҲ׼ˡػɫ˲٣˵
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ոŮӣڣԼҲû̫ŮӣԼʱҲĸоһΣյζû뵽ȻǾ龳Բͻƾ龳ǿˡ
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ػ˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪ǰʲôԹҪ㣬ٴĳԹУҲǾԲɱġ
ңڵݣǹӢҲЩڵôԸˡ뵽Ǵ𱻽ɱػлЩŭġ
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ŵţӢֱǺǳִ£Ƿּ׵ŪԼǹĪζŨҵЩ
ԼʵԸ죬һʱ䶼ò£ӢǱеࡣ
ȻΪԼδ¶ʲôƣԼԵĶ֣˭Щ˵ĵأ
һµʱ䣬һҪͨĵߵѨʱԼķһԼҲЩܺ;龳Բĵʱˡ
ӦѾȹ̵ĲˣգͿʼͨѨҪƵҩһš

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ͷȥֱӳ
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ңǰⲫþĶǣҲõڶףⳡսȷǸļҡ
ڶӵע£Զһǿײ˵ֹסŲסΣʱɫŹԶ
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233 񱩵
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Զ̲סʧʱǰ鱩ӿϣĸоһɽ߲ʣʱҪѹĽȸУ
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˵ƣԶνŭֺޣҪ֪״̬Ƿ˿񱩵Ϊʲôǵв𣡣
ƴˣ
Զ˸һĨ׺ݣҲǹ˼ɲô֣࣬³ֻһ
䣬Ҫ䣬ȥ
ӵĽ޷ܻڸһԼ͵֮ˡ
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⹴ԶȻɱ𣿣
һӱǿˣ⹴ԶǷ˿񱩵ֶרϮҪڵͬűԵУǴɣ
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ʱĬҲǻؿڵӲǰҪֹͷع۲ųе
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˵ע£ȫڹеɫҲӿһĨ֮ɫɫҲǱ

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237 һָ
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ԭֻǴԳȻܶѣ˭֪ţǶˣҲǾЩǸԲŹ֡
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ʦܣ˵ӢǼ֮еƣҲСġӢΪĵһˣԲǱϿ򵥡
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΢΢̧ͷŲԶеĹӢоȵս⣬һ죬ȴܾˣ
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΢΢ػһ½ǣҲƽصӢ֮ͽˣΪ˸ҪֻԴļһ


239 
˷ĵطҲֻһѷ֮У΢ɫһĶѣˣҹӢУֻһһķ
Ӣص˿ûа෴ʮֵţķڣҲûκεļɵ
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ӿļζص˶ԣķͣȭͷ
ⱾǿΪ磡ĵλ֮УȷҪߣ޿ɣǽǹȥ
﷢ģӽ쿪ʼκ壡
ͬʱҪչӢԼ裬
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241 
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𣬽ұ֪֮Ĳ޷ֲģ
ӢףǰģľҲ𽥵ʵӴ΢΢ζ䣬ſϯ


242 
һȻе㾪˵ĵư
ңңҲȻǹӢһˣɲضԴ
ڹӢǰʵһӹһĨɭȻЦݣָȻָǰ
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ǰǻɫܣǿֵסĹƣ֪裬ܷأ
ţʱ䣬һĿ⣬ҲˢˢתƣգҲգϡ
ȻǵĿתƹȥǴ㵵ļԹӢ㾪ĹƣȻûʩչǰǴһ似Ĵ㣬ǽһ棬ֱӱǰģȻҪӲӢ裡
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һǿҵȸУѸٵسԼȫǴڻ¯УҲ˹һе󣬶Դǰ
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ȭͷ̺֮ųɫĻ棬ȻδӴ壬Ӣɸоһȸڲϵش飬ͬһɻڷգǿеѹָоӢźˣӰͬһһξ룡
ȻӢΪԼܹ˶ܵĻ́ͷǰһζɫٶȳǰ
һԲͬħһ˫ȭػţ˲ݱʮųɫȭӰϵ˹ӢϣȻÿһȭдǵȿµĻ棬õùӢĲҽϵ
쵰
ĴʹУùӢִ֮УĹȫǽҹ಻ݲκηӦʱ䡣
벻ףΪԼ龳Բһܹͻƾ龳ǿߣȻǱ׷Ŵ򣬺޻֮
Ұյԣٶȫǿ԰ĹƣǲΣ˶٣ܹ˲׷ϣֻܱذ
ȻԣͻƶߵѨŶôҪɱ䣡
ûжκεʱ𼸺ǻһɫ棬ϵŹӢ˸󣬼дȭͷϵغݺڹӢϣ֮£ƣȭָ⣬ϥǣȻԼκһܹΪֶΣ
ܣ
һ˻ƵĵͺȻشһǿҵ鲨һεѸٵγɣ˹ӢǰԽݷĹǰ𽥵ظо޷ԣֻǶһ־
ܣӢʦ
һĻĵһǾ㵲ѣƺԼǰģǹźҲ¶㵵ɫӢȻƵܶóˣ
ܣü飬۶һºʵܣľ֮һųƹǿ
ˣҲı䲻ˣֻܱľ棬ǰһ̵ĹӢʩչ־ת֮£ȷʵƵܶʩչֻΪǷĹ
־޴Ȼ˶޷ܡ
һġ
ˮȺЦ˼ؿŷû뵽ȻǷ˹
ǲ
һȭݺݵ˹Ӣ֮ϣʱһ΢΢̧ͷ¶һĨЦǰɹӢʩչܣѾǸһϸ΢Ѻۣ
ˣĵɳô
˫ĿĹӢ͵̧ͷ¶˷ɫ޷Լϣôܣ֮ĶӣųǿһˣȻǱƵȵز
պοԼڵοԼҪǣӯӯοԼ
ţҲǲˡ
𻺻̧ͷһĨŵЦݣƳһڰ֮гֵĻǽʱ˿̣ɫһʱ޷֪һʤʱֳʤˡ
ǿؼӢʩչӢҲʲôֶοˣȻôⳡսûбҪټȥ
һս֮ڶƲĵӣ
ݵò񣡡
ӢվѾˣŭоŭ
ǣ
΢΢һҡҡͷûаĹӢڣ̧ͷŰ֮еĴ񱩵飬ȻҪ˻ܹӢôҪɾ㣡
ԭѾȥĻ棬ʱȷٶȵܵطĽż棬Ծ˰գһ˲䣬ӡϵر䶯ţɫҲǱʲϵ飬Ǽͬǳ׵سȥһ㡣
ٶܵĵӣǵɴ˫۵ؿǣҲ֪ƺҪһˣӢӦ֮ô
Ӣˣ塭ǳһ˲õ˰ڵص̾ϢһҲ
Ҳ͵̧ͷĿܹоõڵžⲢٶ֣෴ţĹƣ
ҪһٻӢ
ӡı仯ڰ֮еĳɫҲ˲ڣ״Ӣɫϲͬһʱ䣬еӡҲʩչҪٶתһ
裬ĹǿֶΣͲˣһĵӣкεܹ赲Լ
Ż澡ػصԼڣ˫֪ѾǸһĨײĳɫеӡҲǶȻֹͣ
ӡ
ƽĿһһ³Ȼһ֮ʣǰȫڵϢȷͬɽһ㣬ÿֲޱȣ
ȺɫĻӿ֣ռĴ󲿷ֿռ䣬ȵɽһתͣѸٵųɫںһ
ʱ˿̣ܵ¶ȣѾһΪµĳ̶ȣԱߵһЩΪ΢ĵӣѾ̲סͷð˿һβСľ룬ܵ


243 ʤ֮
ǰųɫ飬ϵط˲Ϣ֮󣬱۶һ޴ӡ
ˡ
ӡ΢΢ʱ㵴һưܣһĪƣ̾ϯȫ
ں˳ɫļӡǰʩչֶΣΪ£
ʱͬҲǵɴ˫ʩչֶΣǳһһεشϡ
Ϊʲôôǿ鲨
ʱ˿̣Ӣ¶һ־ֵɫһߣܹͻƾ龳磬ǣ޷ǿΪܹ
ɣ
ƽ׵ػһ㣬쳹˵ĶУȻһµѹǴӰ֮٣Ǽӡٶޱ֮죬˿ռľ룬һգ۵Ĺ򣬱Ǵ
裡
ѾֵزӢҲǳ׵طſ֣ٶת裬֪Լû·ֻǷһ
䣡
һ죬ȻشһһɵˣѸٵɢ˲Թ۵ĵӣ貵ĹâҫǸ޷˫ʱ˿̣㣬ò˫޷ⳡеǷʲô飡
ž춯صľ𣬽ҫ۵Ĺâ֮иŨĻҳ̨ڲƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ǱһƬ棡
Ǿ޴Ҫܡ
ãĲʵ̫ǿˣ
ӴвصµѾȫʧˣٲȡʲôֶεĻʧǳزأ˵鲨ǻ޹ĵӣ
Ҳǵ̾һ
˵ʵŹӢֱӵսѾΪ֮㵣Ҳҡҡͷ͵һ̤һ쳣ӿֶ
⣡
һĿдȻ·Ƿڲϵ鲨ҫ۵âȴͬʱ䶨һ㣬ûκεĶ
Ϣ鲨ƽȥҫ۵ĹâȥŨĳҲɢڿУͬһı̨𽥵س˵ǰ
Ȼǿ̨֮ϵ龰ɵһһ˫ۣ¶ʯһ飬ƺţ
ǰı̨ѾǻһƬ棬ʯ޴Ѻ۳ڵ棬ȻУӰţƺ໥ӡ
һӰϵ۶Ȼѿ¶ϰҲǸһѪۣĿģѪ˳Щ˺ʶ£ȷĿ¶ᶨɫֱŶԷһһصӢˣ
ӰȻʩչ˼ӡ֮󣬱ҲĵøɸɾҵǣӡĹƱ߰˰ˣʣһԼȻƣ
ǵӰ֮ȴͨһº£ӢϣŲģûа취˼ӡĹܹţѾǲеˡ
ҲǶջ˲ֵȻڵĹӢɾͲˣϣ
ʤѾܵĵӶ¶֮ɫ޷عǿˣȴвĵӣ
ôܣ
ֱǵ߸ǵ֪һֱڣĵǿΪȡ㹻֮Դ
壬Ҳ޿κΣֻĵһһǿ
ȷǳˣһܹսʤĵӣʵ̫˼ˣ
ʵ̫Ǹˡ
ڵ̾ѰӾò˼飬⼸ˣȻǲ˾ãǸ֮ӵĻҲ᲻ܡ
ΪǸ˵츳ͬһţǺɨкĵӣ
ǳĬɫб仯ȸķǲ֮ɫϣҲǸĪ
壬ʤ
£ӷӦ˹ԴЩȻҲûϵԼѡеӣȻӵ˿ھ츳츳
֮УȻֱĸ
ȻͬʱԼһеȡҲең
ʱ·֮ݣ𣬾ԲܳΪĵӣ
ӵȫǽܵĵѣϵĲ˼ɫѸٵתɿ񻶣ĪʧȵȣӦоС
ȻĵȻǸ˷ܣͬսʤӢԼһ㣡
ĵɫ࣬ǶԽܣӢǷУվûУҲһɺ⣬Ӣ޷֮ƥУһжôǿ
ӵ֮ЦˣؾٸԼƣճȭмѹֲסһƺԼʤ
ʦֺģ
̫ˣպĵӣ˭ӣ
ӯӯǻƵ𣬲ɵ¶۵ɫ˷ܵСһҲһЦˣҲԵΪеģǰΪһֱ飡
ʱŭһ֮󣬶Ȼظо۷ڣһѸٵȫվסȹڵϣɫüΪز԰ף亹ϵ˳ӵ£ƺһʧȥе
𡭡һֱעӯӯһĻɵסԼĺ촽˫гŵġ
İɣû£ֻˡ
ԱߵˮȺҲǿڵʱܹ֮սʤӢǶһЩ޷ʹõֶΣսˣҲҪΪ֮ۡ
ôӯӯԣһ
ĺǿȻӢĶ֣ôģˮȺҡͷеԽʵ
Ҿ˵ˣһԵġӯӯЦеصʮֵؿģһֱδκεĻɡ
ʱػҲ𣬹еʵΣû°ɣ
غһҡҡͷû£ѡ
áû¾ͺá
ػҲЦⲻϣˤһı˰˵漣պ˭壿
ӽ֮󣬿ĵλҪܵˡ
壬Ҳٵ׵ģ߳ȥĵӣҲܹŵ̧ͷ˵Լĵӣ
ҲЦЦһԼڵҿⲻֻǾ飬ķѹѣӡԼܹԦģպҪʩչ»˼
ӡ̺̫Ӵ󣬸ղԼҿͻƶߵѨʩչӡ޷ӡкӡܹʩչӡԺҪͷԼԲʩչ
úܺãܺá
ػʱ壬ĵ֮У֮˲ã˵ӶǴһֹ


244 ѡһ
Ϣű䣬Ϊ˴棬İɡ
ػŵΪ帶ô࣬ʾʲôôȻҲ˵ȥ
˵Ĳ֮ˣ壬ϾڵҲС⣬ս֮ͻƶߵѨԣǸ֮ϲҪ»кܶ࣬Ѹٵȹ̾硣
Ŀȥɫһƺ˼
죬Ҳ͹ӢȥɣҲˣвҪа
ڵصԹӢӣǰУҲˣǰУɶǸǳ޴Ĵ
Ӣ޷֮߳ⱲҲҪֹڴˣ෴ܹ⣬ôĵ·ߵøԶ
䣬ҪĻ̬⣡
֪лġ
źҲ̾Ϣһ飬˿ɰﲻˣһοڹӢħܲܿȥÿԼ˵ĹӢҲǱź塣
һεűԣ漣Ļʤǳ˺ܶ˵Ԥϣ
չ˱ʤôڵ»ˣԴ䷽棬ȻҲȨˣûʲôʲôɣڵɨӶ˵
˽ҡҡͷڵĹأȻ˷
Ǹ֮ôʱӻؿڵе⡣
ĬƬ̣Ҳҡҡͷһۺػ
ҲǺػҡҡͷ
ƳһȸķҲƽصӣйעһȥһĵϸǸ֮ӣ¡
ûаѻ˵꣬ڳ˶֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲǳĬձΪسء
ĻǾֻܽѩˣǣͻƵʦһ죡

һգۣŴѾȥʱ䣬ȻչȥڣɻβĴһʵսǹɻȵľͷȻûг׵ȥ
ʱУѾȬȻΪսĹ󣬲Ҳδ˼ڣƾԼǿĹЧ̶ʱ䣬һЩΪսѾõ߰˰ˣ޴󰭡
죬֮Ǵһּ˻𱬵״̬ٵƽ·ðͦ࣬ô廹ǵһۻᡢŴ֮ȡùھλãǻ˵ĵ⣬Ҳ֮е顣
ô𣬴ʱһľɽϣ˫Ŀ΢գ΢΢Ȼһ˿˿֮С
վսûмȥȡЩº͵
㰲ԼĪһʱңͻȻϸ΢Ʒ֮ǽյ˫ĿҲǻǰһ˵ӰƮӶǺػ
ƶûʲô˰ɣػԣЦʵ
лʦģѾȬˡ
վһ񣬵ͷ˵
εıֺܲЩСβͶҪˡػЦЦһĨο񣬿ǰꡣ
뵽屻ѹô꣬ǳô˽Щȫй˳Ҳ̲סʧЦ
⼸嵹˲٣ĵӣҲʱʱĻҪ㣬⣬ӯӯСҲΣҲûѰ㣬ƺܲˬػЦ˵
ԣЩȻܹ󣬻ʱӯӯֹűԹԼ˰ɡ
ȻȬǱȥɣŴȵĹھһЩĽػ˵
ػĻ۾һ
νȣȻǸõһЩʵаĶ
Сӡ
ģػ̲סЦһȻҲ˵˻ֱתȥ״ҲǼæȥ
źػٴǻֺĴǰ
ףʦˣءǰ߳㣬߼ЦŴк˵
ȥɡػҲʾ
˵ͷϣȻƿţСڿĴУǰĻƽ֮ϣһ۵Ȼ
𣬼
λڵƿߣҲһݾ⣬Եͣ½Ųȭ
ɡ
̧ͷºһЦָǰ˵״Ҳֱǰȥͦñֱ
ӻ㣬츳һˣҲ𣬻˵
ԣһ˫Ŀ΢΢һ죬Щʧ̬
ģԭΪ̽ϢЩɻ˿лȷǰ֮ӡ
֪ľҲ֪ŲҶ֪ܣҲĸӣڵĵӣֻҪ㲻˼ŵ飬ɣʼնվ󡣡
̾һ˫˸˫ĿУһ˿֮ɫ
˵λǵӵĸס
վʵܷߵӣҸģ
ڣһΪ̭ΪѰҸ׵ϢˡԼ飬϶֮ˡ
ԼѾ㹻ӣҲʱѯˡ
𼤶ɫҡҡͷ̾һ˵õһλ󱲣Լ˳ŵģ飬֪ˣûһô
ﵽ㸸ף;Լľɡ
뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ˵һϣҴδ츳պܰﵽ㸸ס
Լ˳ţԼ츳ܰﵽף
һǸԼ֮ʱһɽһ㣬վԼǰĸףȻǵڶǲ𣿣
ˣȲҪȥôˣٹ꣬ͻ˾龳Ȼȫ㣬ʱѡҲһЩڣȽεĽɡ
΢΢ҡҡͷһӣʱзɳڰա
ĻҲǿѹеһ˿濴ǰ֪Ȼ˵ˣ϶ĵ
ֶԲ֮ͨԴѡȡһ̬֡ı仯ĵ˵ͷ
ǰź⣬һ֮Уһͨĳ֮һһƣԼųȶֿ񱩵ĲɢģȻһƷ


245 
һ
⻹һμƷԼкܴȻôֶܽóڣƷҲûмѡ
ܿ죬ѹҪѡƷͷ
ƷȻɹ󣬵ǣţԼ츳ƳƷӦҲʱѣ
ԣĿⲻͨĳͣ㽫Ŀתڶź⡣
ֻڵڶź֮УһɫļУһɹɺ͸ⶫȻһδķס
Ƿ棬ԻһѪȵᡣ
ΪƼףףӲչӢ裬Ҳ˶ѣңֻˣ
ĿͣϣΪ͵
Ŷ
һӿֳһĨ𺳡
Ҳ˵ףƷһȼı
Ȼ۲Ҳû¾ǽĿͶһ⴦
һŹ֮УһöȭͷСӣ֮ϣƺһЩģ·忴ǰߣɫԵüΪͨ
Ϊⶫͨüͷ΢΢ΪԵʣ֪ɫ֮Уһ൱صĲңеСƳһǺɫӺҲǳʹ˸ɫ
ӣһϹżΪоӦöԾ⿴ͨӣҲĽһ£΢΢üͷʵô𣿡
Ŀһ˸ǻĳǼȻʵԼǿģõмҪϲ٣ܵõһĻսҲŲٵЧСĶɲడ
ûʰ
ԥ˰֮ε̾һָǱŰĺɫӣ˵Ҫˡ
⻰ʱҲӹһĨϸ΢ľ֮ɫǰŴȹھûôõĽҲóġ
ԼŴȽԼʱ浱ǸԼ˵Լѡ񣬵ʱԼǾȲѡ
Ҫ֪Լ״ӣͻ˾龳㣬ûлùƷ
ӣҲǼΪã
ȷ𣿡΢Цʵ
š
˵ͷȻ¶˾ģȴǲˣƷȻѵãҲûе޷ĵز
ԥҲǵһЦһӣŹâٶУʣµǵ⣬Ҳȥ
ƽסţ漴ǹҲǻɢȥ¶ǿźɫӣʱڼǺɫ֮ϣתԵʮµơ
⵽ʲôСʵ
ҲǺ
۾ҡҡͷ
ⶫҲδҲֻĻ˵ѡ
¡¡
⽻̸֮ʱͻȻһҵĲõһҡΡ
ٻ壡
ûӦ֮ʣֻ仰˱Ѿʧڴڡ
ʲô£
Ȼֻǲ˺̵ܶһʱ䣬ǣȴʵĸоˣӴ߳ȻĿ嶥
СӣⲻǺԵ⣬ǲزסģ
ðͷ۾˵ǿĺöÿһγһȷѪꡭ
˼ǡüͷʱڣ¶ǵɫ
ߣż˶ӡεĻͱΪƽˣ˵
ֵطܹҲ⡣
ⶫ۷ڳˣǾעһˣ
Ҳ˵޷ˣüͷĸˡ
һۣڣȻ͡

̾һŸӵ飬ص塣
ӵʲô
Ϸźǽöڵ˳
˵Ȼɲôˡ
Ҫ֪ƷǱƼףڵ˵Ǻаģ
رֽҪͷ
Ǿ飡˳еӣӨ͸ҲһḬ̃
ʲôãסҪһĳ嶯ĵʵ
ֻǿһزǿߣʶп۳ʵʵΪ顣
Ű۽ţСӵ֪ÿ¡
ʲôڷǰСҲᵱǷﶪ
˼ǡ棬һǿꣿʱͫױ΢΢ſһ
Һûʶȥ̽飬Ȼضⷴɶ
ȻУǿһزǿߣжǿǣԲԼ龳ģ
ߺߣ
˼󣬼˵⣬ҪǾ߹ǺҪ֮һ
Ǻ
һ뵽֮µõǾ߹Ǻ
ǿӵлƻǿ߰
ҲǽڵʱԼ۷״̬ʱǿߡ
˵ʲô˼ǹǺƳܿ죬Ӧ󣬱ɻʵ
ߺߣƳɹǿɲܱģ
ĺߺţ˵ƺҲȤϸ˵ǳ֮Ϊǿ񣬱ȡڹǺ飡
ڣǺȥģ鲻˵ֵ꣬ԽƳԽǿпܹʩչǰ似
˶٣˵ȫĻпܻܹɳ
˻
ãӦ󣬶ʱ㵹һ

ǰô˵ĻֻҪƳɹĻ˵ܹһ۷Լǿߣ
ֻϧĲϣһҡͷԵĴĻ롣
ʲôİƣüͷ
ˣ뵽УЩΪ
۹һ˵ţûΪǺһΪ⿿ǹͷʲô
⡭ҪȥأյС
ô֪
˷ۣڡ

Ȼϴ춯ܿƽϢȥǣŸȴһֱЩӰڴܶ
ٽһЩһЩţǰݷãţݷöţԽԽࡣ
Ȼȥƺʢǣλȴǳü
ֻǣ֪Щ˵ͼ
ǣֱֲӾܾǵá
ԽڸǣǾԽ˻ɡ
ȥһ죬Щ飬ǻᱩ¶ģ


246 ۼ
һʱڣڣȻƷƽ˾ǣ֮䵽ǳһֽŵѹȸС
ڣˣڵĽأΪͬҲڵƽΪɲʮλػڵߣǼǿ˲١
Ļڵ磬ͬľ
ããҽϵطţǶѰ綾İ̳ĵ磬ȻһУǱһʵĹĻӡţȵ¶ȣ޷ȥ

ڵڷӡ֮⣬˫ֲϵؽ˷ӡȻһɹɰ鲨ϵӶӡϵһ
ʱؿһʵĹâ棬磬ҽ֮УϵӿϣײһӡÿһεײЩ綼Ƿ貵Ĺâ
֮´ݶĿ˫ÿҪ˵һηӡΪĶҪˣ
ǸһƱػȷѪ꣬⼸ڶ˺ܶãĿľΪ̽Ѱص֮µܡ
ڶԣһ¡
ûв´Ļʮʱ˾ͳˡ
ʱķķҲǳ˷кػһǵɫ
ûõԽԽ࣬вҵǿߣǾΪ˶
΢΢ر˫ӻ֣֪ͨǵ״ӻЩĵӣɡ
ѵģػһ𾪣ʮֵľٶʲô⡣
ȥɣҪԵĵ˭ǶŹڵġ̾һ
ʱ֮ϣһݵϣǱޣ֪ΪΣĸһĨ˵׵궯޷Ծǳ͸ֻоõڵձúǹ졣
Сӣע㣬ûв´Ļ˼ҪˡʱͻȻس֣һض
ˣ
ɹ̫Ҫ˯ŵ֣¾ֱӵɴԼ˫ۣһ֮⡣
ţҸܵˣǸ֮µķӡѾǵֵס洫ĲˣȻĻ޷ģҹƣʮʱ˾Ҫˡ˷۵
סˣԺͷˣЩΪζôõǿߣһﲻͬҲǲõ
ô죿
üͷ˳ڸ޷ػˣö룬ʱ棬Ѿ໢ǿڵȴ
ô죬˺Լ˵ɡߺߵصڣƺ˹ˡ
ȻʱһȻ
㵽弯ϡ
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248 
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249 
ϴι飬˷һû뵽ǾȻˣޣ㵨󰡡Ϊ𽫾˶ǰߺȵ
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250 
ٺ٣ѵΪұŹ㣿ԭӵĶ֣ЩζĶŶ󻪣ϷʵɫŨ
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ҲǺ˸һĨҲٶӯӯֱǰȥ
ǰһɽֻҪԽܹ뿪ڵķΧʱԷ׷ҲùڵģΨһĵľǣ֪ʦֺʱˡ
֣ǰǺӥɽǿԽɽͰȫˡ
ͷϵӯӯ˫ֲɵյøܷʲô£ӯӯܵһ⣡
ӯӯɵص˵ͷƾԼɱ¾ıҹ棬ǰ֣쳣ůҲǸһĨů
ȻڴʱǰȷͻȻشۻϢͣٶס¶֮⡣
˵ùȻûܻ©֮ġ
һЦ𣬲ϵػصҹգֻʱУȴǸо쳣ر䡣
Է
һฮҪڣһЩҪĳڶ˰أΪľǷֹڵܡ
֮ӰͬӰһسǰۣƺ뱻֪ǵľ
Ǿ龳Բ
͵һǰһɲǼ֮һΪԶԸҪ֪Щ˿ɶֻļһǿɶǾߣս鷽棬Ӣǿ
Ȼͬһ磬սǿǸ˻ռơ
ӴиˮŮޣү˵һ
һڿӯӯΪľɫеǰһҲһЩ
ӯӯʶ׽ȫʱȻǲܹ˿Ĵ⡣
϶ǵ񡣡
һƺе㲻ɵüͷȳ
Щô˵Ĳǻ˻ʬ嶼ԣȻĻһһءĿ¶ɫ֮ĺҲЦ
ԼֵˣһҲҡҡͷ̾һԲģϸһ룬Ҳˣ˵ֻҪǻɱЩɡ
뵽΢΢̧ͷص־ܰɣνķһܸһȫʬ
Ĭ΢΢ӣӯӯ󣬵ӯӯҶܣжԶܶԶ
ӯӯʹҡҡͷôһܣǵؿУԼҪҲҪһ
˵ûõģܣһһҪҡ
غһӯӯ뷨Ȼ֮ǰĽ߻š
ΣڱҪ뿪ϣ
Ҫһ𡣡
ӯӯԼشһ˿ǻ֪ԼΪܸﲻæҲԸ
ۿŶԷԽԽƽһҧҲתӯӯңҲµģҪúչԼֻҪǾܹٴμ棡
֮һᣬ͵ӯӯ壬͵飬ֱӵؽӯӯƿʮףŭȵܣ


251 Ϻ
ӴСӣȡ壿
һЦŲ̤£鲼ƣҪ׷ȥһֱ̣ӵؽκεĻᣡ
ӯӯ˫ʣҧҧ촽ıӰܣҪ뿪ԸҲû취
κβҪฮΪᣡ
ҹ֮УӯӯȻתȥܿʧããɽ֮Уоӯӯ뿪һԼҲԲܹӯӯа£
СֲҸıעˣ˴ã
ǱĺҲɫصԼǾ龳Բ磬ǰڵӿ䲻󣬵ȴܹ׵ԼԿóСӦڵλͣȻã
ѸٽŮҲ׷ϣԲܷŹһڵȻ֪ʲôĺ
һǺʱжǸɱ⣬һһҵطס·
غһµҲûҪܣֻҪӯӯܹȻ뿪Ҳη壬ǰҪľǣʱ䣬ӯӯ뿪ڵķΧ
ɨǰˣжʱͷԼһս֮
ݣ
Էȵض֣ƺ˷ʱ䣬һһҼлż͵˺󣬵Ѹٵغһξ룬֮УѸٵرһᣬʮ˸źâǳǰ
â˸Ĳ֮£ʮǸԳǰӳӦеá
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ţɱϿ϶ĺöһĶ˵ĹҲǸΪۻ鲻ϵرӿ֡
΢˫ǰһԼܴѹǽһˣ
ҲǽоѷһϣȻͬľ磬ܹܳһΪöԸһ㡣
Ȼʱ򣬶ԷȴǰƷĳ֣Ե˺һǱ˴֮վλȴγһģڣüͷŶվλǽǷضܹ汸ԼҪԸһƺеѡ
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ҲǸ̾ฮˣܹ׾ٵظڣǲżȻµǿ߶ܹʩչϻ֮˵߸һϵ
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һâԱѸٵظ֣ڶϮҲõɫ΢΢ر仯ۺõĳɫ棬ȻػֱֱϮ֮ˣ
䣡
һͳ죬ɫѸٵرò԰ֽ͵һѪ³ղű֮ˣȻλ龳Բǿߣ


252 
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ЩųĵӺ۸ս鶼ûУһʲô𣿣
һЦƵȻԼ͵ϮΪ⡣
ޣһҲҪˣϮ
ѪݺݵصһһҲǰûڣԼ̫ˣЩ˿ɲߣΪ˽ǿԲֶΡ
Сޣô˵ʤΪΪܣ±Ͷ̥ʱǧˣ
һҲһЦµشƺѰʲôΪĶó־ʮƷСӵϿ϶
ɫҲһ磬ţϵشϢڵ鰴շپ·ѸٵתƯ飬ǼǱñӿϡ
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Ƶٶһ㶣һ۷ЦǿΪȡѣ˵ĺϻ֮Ϊ죬쾳ǿҲһս֮
ҲǿʼȻתڵ飬ǿޱȵ鲨ֶѸٵغ϶ΪһõܵĿռ䶼΢ŤǵҲ޷Զ
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ƽʱĬԣһʱȷǲõһЦƺȫȻ˴̴Լŵһ
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䣡
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Ȼʱȷþ˰֣԰׵ɫȥΪˣͻȻعⷵһ㣬һץסֵߣԽԶԽãһҪӳȥ

ѪΪҪΪҪһһǰȥһλںԼûãһæﲻϣ
ˣฮˣ˻ʳĽ涼Уοҡ⣬ǲζ֪Ĵڣߣ
þƿ֣ʾϽߣҪ
ҵ﾿ʲôˣ˫죬ʵԺ˵ܡ
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˵ʱǲ԰׺ѪɫһĨЦݣͬеŮԼˡ
ǡʡ
˵һ룬һ̣ϵЦݱ̶Ҳʧȥһ㣬ص£Ҳͬһ˲ֹͣ

һڸӦ˫ᣬ˫֣СĵĽ˫۸ϣ󻺻ع£ߵͷ
֪ԼԲȺ˵Ȼʲôã
ϢɣһţһҪЩ˸ӦеĴۣ
ǿеˮȻվһͷԽɽ֮УܵķӯӯһΪ֪Ȼ׷Լӯӯķһ»Ǹӯӯܴ
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ģһҪǸӣϣҪ̵ֶΣսǣ


253 ɺ
ȥԼĪʱ֮һȺ˲ǶȻسԭڵĵطΪ׵һ˿ŵϵʬ壬ɵǽüͷ
ѣѣ˱Ȼڵϣŭȵ֮ƺΪŭ
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֮ǿ߶һһԵطɢȥѰҡ
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죬ûκη֣
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һĨɫһ̤ʱǳȥţһֲѺ۳֣Ѹٵܣţŵشȫ飬ҽӿûһУʲôûдڹһ㣬Ϊһҽ֮ء
ߣˣ˳ˣԲܹ֪ǳֹ
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Ͼڻʳ棬ɲ˵ฮ
ң֪ฮΪ˶ڣǸǻฮ鷳顣
ˣκǿ߶ĵģ
ȻиѳȥǣҲΪ⣬ȥ׷ɱΪûǸҪ
ѵƾǼܷˣ

ৡৡ
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ȻˣǣȴʲôˣֻһľͷţԼδ֪
Ȼ䣬ȴǸͷ棬ʦһͬʦֵܣԼǰ
Զǳ棡
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Ů˵˴һ˵ǵϺûطȥҿ԰㵽£Ҳи·
˵꣬ݸҲȵʲôش𣬱תȥģ˺Ƭ̣εʼ磬黹Ǳɷ˰
ңɺ⣬ҲûʲôоȵƻָһЩҸ뿪ˡ
Դһǻص˳֮У˵ȣĴȻ̫ãԴҲδƽʲôϾУһ׸ɡ
ڳ˫ֽӡһɵڷһ˿˿֮ӿԵƣǸɺԵľУԭ֮УҲڴʱһ˿˿š
ڵı仯Ҳĵһ׼ʱ˳״̬֮ʱͻȻһ㵵ķ֣ԭסһ˿΢û˳ҲǻδͨĶڰ˴Ѩ
ղԼɵһ˿飬Ҳת⴦䣬ȻûзֲֿĻ֮Уֻμ໥š
⣬ǡ
ͻһĻĲ졣
Ҫ֪ӵе飬ߴδй̬֮ʱ߾Ȼûзʲôֲ飬ֻǶǸɺԵµľ
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㶵ĿһĻ֮ӿ֣ŮԵȷǹˡ
磬ϣʵ˺ܲģҰȻʱ˶ϣͷ˲Ųٶ˵ʲôġɺԣ˵
Цŵ˵ͷϣҲûʲôų⣬Ͼ粻۵ǿΪ𣬱˶ΪԺ󽫻һ޷ķˣȻҲԶʲôȤܹԼŶ飬ԼɽУѾ൱ˡ
ڳ֮У̸ཻţƽյɺԵԱȻó˽ΪҪҵԵʣܹܺõ˵̸š


255 ι
̸䣬ҲǴɺеõһЩйĸϢ
ͬŲٵͷϴı㴫˽ˣǡҡռĪҡ
УǽڻȨĴڣÿһԪ˧ʵҪǿ᲻١
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ӰӪصЩʵʱǲ²⵽ɺӦòҲû뵽Ȼ֮һ
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龳𣿡
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ԭ˴ͻ;ӵϢ˵ɳɭιĵԱת˵Ҫܷõɺ˵
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֣һ㶣ɫ΢΢ݣǾ˵ͻƵ龳ι
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ҵĻŭ׷˸ıϣ롣
Ȼʱջ̤Ծ˰գϣɭһЦΪ˵õιҿǻ᲻ϧһֶΣ
龳ʵ˿ȫֳӴ鲨õһȻ׷׺ˣϣҲǺ޻ֻ֮ؿջԼƽ


258 г
֪
ǵͳٶֻһƺ̺Щɱ⣬ƺҲѾŭˡ
Ȼʱ֮ʣȷǳŵһĻɢۻջʣǼǰӰڰ֮ȷǶȻͣٶסͬǱĳӲס
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ջʱǾֵؽΪռҵĵӣȻǼʶȽ϶࣬ҲǷֱˣԼǺε

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ԱЦŴⷬȷϣΪ֮һ㶣ŭջʡ
ջյЦЦ֪Ҳνˣ³һ
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ͬʱҲǽеõιϣ
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ϣ͵صɴ˫еԼز²⵽Ҫʲôһ֮ԿĪҵˣ
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غһҲ¶ɺϣɵЦЦ˵ʵ˵⣬ֻɺѾͷ
Уһ
ϣҡͷȻҵˣô˵дôܹܡ
һ鷳Ϊ϶Ҫǣ飬£Ҫرܣҵõ飬Ʊպ©ǸʱĻԼҪ鷳
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߰ɣЩҲϺȶѡ
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Ȼ˵ֱӣϣȷҧ˵ûǣ龳սڶ࣬Լȷ
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267 
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㣬ˣʲô
辧ò˼飬⵽׷ʲô飬Ϊҵһǣڵģ
죡辧
ϣŭҲǻͷһת˵ߣ
辧úίȻӦףҪߵĻôһ
磬ҲߣҲҪ㣡
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268 
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ûжĶһĽеƿܿǽˣʯϻһֵ飬ȷûĿƿˡ
ߣһߣﶼԼֻأҲιǰȡˣպ˵ؾͲιĳ֡
Ȼȷǿڵ𾡿سˣҪǲ顣
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ܹųȥǾ첻ǣУǾԶ
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Ϊǵ鶴Ҫٶȵ˼£һس˵Ѩ棬һֱۣӵԶȥ
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ȭͷÿԺ֮гֵĶһڱҽΧһĻѪͬʦֵܵΪԼܹƽ
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һҲǰŪոյ顣
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үүСϣǰɳɭֲѯһҵ棬ϣ˺еĳ㱨е
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ϣ˵ͷͻƳΪ龳һֱ׷󣬵֪ΪΣʱȴ޷便Ρ
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269 Ȭ
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ǵӰţƺ˵仰þеǻ˹ȥռȷΪ֮
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һʱɫǳ׵ػ谵ȻʱҲǼ˻ѣܶǶһЩС壬˵ˣֻҪиСﾭܹһʱزһк׼顣
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ȱ仯ϲģԭΪܹľƣƺܹԼõЧ֮£ƺڸԼǿ
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ŭһٴڵ͵ĳڵھŴѨϡ
ۡ
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ŻȻͨ泩֮УҲһ
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ԼÿһεͻƶðΣգ׷żޣÿδͨѨڱȶͻƣκһǳ⡢õġ
ûа취ϲÿ뵽ţ뵽ӡػһŹԼӣоͲԼаֵ
תղΪһ˿˿Ƹ
ɣҲֻһ֮ңˣһһѨɴﵽѭϢĵز
龳ɣ龳Сɵǿ߱ʵķԾ
ȻջĴľ磬ҲûɵڼȥԼڵ״̬¼Ѵͨ
۾ѾգԶҲϡϡĵӰҲĶȥ


270 Ƴ
ĶǡƳǣΪ֮ء
Ƴǿϵķһׯ۴ĸۡ塭ҡ
ҺԺʯƽ̨ϣһӰȻ˿䣬䣬һĲɢ
ܱߣҵӵʱ̵עߣżĽ̸š
ϣڵ鲨ԽԽǿˣͻƵ龳Ҳڴ˾ˡһϮµ辧ЩĽеϣ˵
ǺǣϣͻƵ龳һҲĪˣ
ϣɹͻƵ˾龳ǣռҵףŲٲİ
Щӵܻ˽ʱɺȴվһߣ˫ϵſƳȥСֽգʱʱӹһĨ֮ɫ
磬ôĻԪأû°ɣ
İɣǼһûô򵥣׶κβաĪҵˣҪߣûס
ɺ㶷ʱһȻǼ辧˫վ΢Ʋ˵
ɺԣҲǵ˵ͷЩԥ˵ѾôˣûµĻӦ͵˰
ʱͰĵŰɣȻʲôûãѾȥѰˡǲģϣɹͻƣȥæ鿴һͺˣ
辧Ϊ֮ǰݺݵһǰ˽ĽöιǣԼ˶Ϻڵɺ̬ȣҪ˲١
ǡǾ͵ȵȿɡɺţȻ˵ͷ

ƳǿĴ·ϣֱǶųȥľ飬һеشػвС
ȥңֵлĳ棬ɲϰߡƾƷô߳ɹʵѰһЩԼҪĲϣҪ»׾ٵġ
ÿÿ
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ԭĴʱͻȻüͷһ壬ǰԶǳ֮Ҳû˼ȥ˼ΰԵҲֻߵϣĿһӶӰɱ֮Ķ顣
ڶУȨ֮ˣ˶ְԵĺǳԭЩǿУдաĪֵĺ󣬱ǿѹסĵĲսսߵһߡ
ĻҲΪĲ죬Ƕǰʱ˫Ҳɵ΢΢һС
ף
ǰɫЩãһ԰֮꣬ռһһ˵ס
˻Īҵôߵһˣĸ۵ĸǰ
ǰһ˲֮ס𣿡
Ѿôˣ
֪ߵķ򣬲ȥ𣿡
ϣң
ⶼҪˡ
УǽڻȨνһҺһǶҪĪϣĿ꼫пңʱò˶в첻ѣͬʱҲǺĸĪ֮
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Χϸϸ˽ɺСӶԼչˣ΢΢ҡҡͷԼǵȥһˡ
ϾԼȻϣǵõιҲԼġ
ڶе㶯ҲǺܿͲˣ֮˶ǷɿĶżȥҪϢݸ
еϣҲ𽥵ĵִβ
䣡
һʵʰ飬ʯƽ̨ϣӶѹΧӵɫЩ˷ܣǶϣͻƵף
ѹǿţѹ֮£ԭĽһЩӵܣҲǲòһЩŸеǹѹһЩ
ѹԼĪӣЩӶİԪͻȻһ־˵ٶȶϣضȥ
飬վջϣ壬ǰƣҲڴ˿Ȼֹ
ϣǽյĿҲǶȻ
أ
˫Ŀһһ쳣ǿϢҲ˲ڱ
ϣ㣬ϲˣ
ΧЩӵܣҲѸٵΧ£ϲɫıȭء
ϣʱȻҲǼãƽЩ䵭ϣҲЦӿ֡
ϣͻƵһ˲䣬֮еĲǿȻܹоõӽ¶˻ĵЦݣҵһϣͻƵ˾龳ϣףʮǰϣĸ֮󣬱ǱƲӡ
ټңһûһ龳ǿߣ֮ǵ׵ģǼżǿĵ̣ǱĪָˣϣͻƵ龳ǳ˸ҵϣ
áϣȻûʧ
һˬʵЦȻظ֣Ӱλϣǻسϣһڵǰ
ϣүү
ϣҲ𽥵ƽɵ̧ͷʵүүɳɭϢô
ҡҡͷЦɳɭ־붼һξ룬ȥȻûô죬ż
ԣϣɫȻ࣬ͻƾϲòɵǱɢ˼֣εʣԺ֮ȷǸ鶴һ°ӰǶһ֮ǿֵıӰ
һˡôҪ鵤
ϣа̾ϢԱߵϣ¶ɫҲҡҡͷ۹⣬ȻǿϣƺԼҲδı仯ֱֻ仯ϣԣʱʱʱ֮硣
峤²ˣ
ȻʱһҵȻشõӶΪ֮һ㶡
ʲô£˻ңɺͳ
ɫ࣬ҲǶŻܽĻŭ
ռҡռˣ
صͨ죬ƺǼΪؽ
ռҡϣ΢΢һ㶣⵹еоõ⣬Ҳʵ˭ͷ
ףףˣ
£ϣʧɫȻףȻˣ
Ϊ׵Īǿ鶴Ȼʱȷܹ߻˵ˣ
ôܣ
ϣһʱ֮޷ţ˵ǿôܻ
ϣʱúңѵĻ鶴
ɫҲǻ˻ۣߵףһռңһûȥˣǵԶˡ
£Ǵҵڶֱſڶȥһʱ֮ҵɫϾٵӶǴ˸Եıһͬеǰơ
ʱǶ˷֮еռҺĪңɳ˲ٵǿΧң
֪֮һƽȻ֮иķȴδˡ
ܿ죬в˶ڰй۲죬ĪҵҪΣѵ㶦ľ棬Ҫ˶ı


271 в
һȺڿ֮ϣǰҴţһӴ԰ɫ˶Աһ˵ʦңӱǶ
ԱߵˣŻһۣԼĪʮ꣬һۻϢȷ޷Ĵڡ
顭
Ҳ૵صû뵽ȵطȻǳ顣
Ƴһ׵İɣСӲӣõ飬ϣսԲ磡
ԣҲǺݺݵص˵ͷԲ磡ֻҪԼǵȾ磬Ҳû壬еֻռң
лʦȫͽܹɾ;Բ磬ȻʦĴ£
Ҳǹصͬʱ֮Ҳ˸һĨݵɫһҪһʲô˵
ǼһҪ飬ȻĻҶΪ֮ᣡҪ֪һԼ龳ԲʦͲʲôͣھԵʵǰһжͽ͵ġ
Ϊ˺ⶼǵ棬龳Բǿ߸ûУֻҪʦڴ˵أ飬³ֻһ
ǽյҴŶȻش򿪣һ˻߶˲յһŵĵز
Ϊ׵ȻĿɨӶǰ˵ȷռҺĪ֣Ϊ׵ǸȻףԱߵǸ֮ʣĲһ¡
Ϊɾ͸ǰ˵ΪǱ˵˵ľ磬֮ϣ
ʱо
֪͸ˣ´϶򵥣仹ǶԷռңռҺεȳǿߣ
һռҺĪңΪΣۻ쳹ƺ֮⡣
𣬴±գȻվ֮գ
׺Ϊ飬ϧһֶΣҪҲǲںԣֻԼʦڣҸûзұôһȻ
ףҿӻ˰ɣ
һ˵ң仰㸸˵Ҳδ˵ˣңҪѰʲô𣬿ط˰ɡ
ע⵽ԱߵϣԷϢȻͻˣиԹ޲ѣصһϣιǱˣ龳ϧˣң
ջʣһûˣĪ˱ңָ㣿ϣҲǲʾ±վš
ƾ޾ݣ˵ʲôûŵġ
ջȷаȵһЦռҺĪҵǿ߶鶴棬ʣҪģ
ԣɫ΢΢仯һ£ռҺĪ鶴ǿ߶ˣ⡭ôܣ
ϣһô˵Ļ˵ƽ£
ȻѪϴңҲɱ⣬˷ʱ䣬ֻõ飡
ƾ˻ô
̤ͷųǿϢ龳ɾƣչţ
һ֮ΪȻǲȥȺ֮㣬Ҳǲòݱâ
ɶ񡭡ϲġɫɱ𣬲Ļȷ޷̫
У˵У
ȻʱԱߵȷǻؿڵҲע⵽ĴڣԼʦڣֲ֮⣬Цұ޹ء
˵ı̬õɫΪ֮࣬˰֣ҵӰ˵Բ⣬ǰ˵²òӣ
²ռ֮ˣΪҲҪ֮£
ʵΪڶ棬Ȼϣĸ嶼ĬһĵԼǾǲѰæ
ǰˣռ֮ˣǲֵĻδƻ˶ǵĹء
ŵִ£ͬ׵ʦ˵Ҹòù׵£
Ȼǻȴƽص׵ʦ⼸ϼܼ򵥣ʦͽܣ쾭塣
ʱɫΪԷ׵ʦΪԷݣŵִ£
ǣҲǲ˿⣬һе㲻ֹˣŵִ£ô˵ҲǾ龳Բǿߣһ㣬ӵ߸ң
ν֮ҲܣҲùܡǻ˿ڵֻҪ㽻Ȼͻȥ

֣ʱоͷޱȣһﵽʲôŵִ¶ʱ֮ڣ
𲢲֮УҲ֮ˣǿˡ
ԣҲһǵΪôȷûжĹϵȻеԵò壬ʵˣ𲢲ҡ
ҾǳҸ㣬ôҲøҸȷЦɱռҺĪҵǿߣѪծձ˽ˣ
ףҲδ޳˵㣬ռҺĪȣ㣿ϣȻǲҲʵ
˵ˣó֤Ȼ˭֤ռҺĪǣ
ȻȷǹһЦɭص෴ռҺĪҵеӣҵĵܵܣҲ鶴֤ɽ
㡭
ϣ˵û뵽׾Ȼ˲ҪԼȴ޷ǰռҺĪҵĵӶˣҵȴúõģһҲûУ¼ֵٴ󣬶Ҳû˿İ
ιˣռҺĪҵĵȴǱɱģȻҲɨӶˣǸһĨɱ⡣
˶Ҫ
ⲢǺݻȻĴ㣬õ飬ǲҵˣԼԽ£˳ңպⶼ棬Ҿͻǳ׵ʧ
ֻҪⶼ֮УӲˣ
𲻹ĽڰˣҪԸңֱ˵Լ̧Ҳ±˳ЦʱԱҲǹһЦΪһ֮ЩŵȻǿ
£һڶѣռҺĪҵìͷվǶҡ
ɫ䣬ֻҪõ飬һֶҲνοܹңֺԲΪ
ô˵𣬽в˾ɣ
׻سǱĺɫҲһصռ֮ҲˣѪϴң
˲رýٶȫ˺ƤԹ۵Ĳ˶ǰľնǹȻҪˣܽΣ֮󣬶ǻٴ塣
һУǲԶһУȻ


272 ž
ռҳڵʱղŵһУУ׵ȷǻţҲǽȭͷȷǳϣ˻ţܽܡ
ڳӡ֮󣬾Ȼڱ鶴ӳҲȷˡ
һģʦˡ
ǻϣӾأһԲǿߣڵĻԼҲСġ
ռҰҪѪϴңԼǿȳԼóֻǲ֣
ڳɲϾһֵĻҪ龳ԲǿߣһҪ֮УΪ⿴ġ
Щ飬ƺҪתͷȥ˵ʵǺɺǵѾͷΣն֣
غһҲ˶𽥵ҵķ߶ȥһӶ֮´
ˡҶǾ˽°ɡ
ȻʱҴ֮ǰ˫նǷǳؽţƺʱŶֵס
үүô죿
ŵϣҲǺ޾飬ҧҧѵҪô
ǡһʵͬҲ⣬ӵִռңҪңǼһ֮顣
΢΢ҡҡͷ̾һԭΪҵõιһ£û뵽֮ռҺĪҲˣŵִҲ֣޷ˡ
һӣƺǲ࣬Ƭ֮˫ǵȻǵ˫Ҳ¶һĨâռҪңҲԲöԷɣ
սȥżеĸ泷ˣӸһӭУ
֪û·ԣҪסѪսҲѪлٶȸң
ҵĵӶǽееǰȥ£ܶΪ˸ȡ㹻ĳʱ䣬ЩԸսҲˣ
׿һɫҲǻصѹǲ㽻ˣǾݹ飡
ǻؾеĳ׼´ռҺĪҵƽң
ףռҶ֮£ձȻбӦ
ҲǹһЦ˿Ծ̬һӣҵĶǣеɱ
һɱֵ𣬶ʱеӵܶǳ˸Ե˸ĺ⣬ӡ֤ӵȻֻսҵӣ
ӦУҲǵʱ򣡡
еĺɫ͵ػ£һ߳ĵѸرڵ滮һĺۼ
ռеӣϣһ
ϵػصҴ֮ǰǵԹ֮ˣжԶܶԶˣսǰٲ߿Ҫġ
ս˲Ļ׵ʦҲûţֱӵس֣ӭǶ˸ոǽ龳ϣ
ʵⲻһսֻҲҪѪսףռҵȻҲǲżҲһҽǳΪʷ֮󣬶Ǿֻռң
ߣιͻƾ龳ΣվҵĶ֣
׾еĺɫϣеĹƶǾظ񵲶£˿ûиоκεѹϣҧҧûзؽײмҡҡͷϣĽѰν׺ޱȣֻٳ
һߣŵִ£ûд˿Ҵ⣬˫ֽһѺǹŻ˶š
Էȶ֣޷һ£ΪԷ֮Բ֣ҪԼһ˲䣬ֱӵػԼ
ΣԼļӣһһǰָоǲǺ
ǻȷͻȻؿڵ׽±ŭһ˸ĺĳǹ£һ⣬ֱشȥǰ
޴
΢΢̧ͷЦԼǾ龳ԲǿߣԸֻҪһжѣ
ʵĲ࣡
Ǻܶ˶ڹעţҵӵ˶ҡͷ̾ϢƺѳɶˣȻ˶δע⵽һӰڻزп֮ˣȻؿ
Сӣǰǽˣ㲻˺󣡡ȻѣӰȫȻˣһһ𽥵ؽӽǰսĵط
ϣֵͦ
˫Ļȵʱһ̲Ĵȫ
Яŵ٩ζȻ嵭ǣǻ۵ˣɫҲɶʱһ࣬תͷ˹ȥ
һ국׵ˣǺɫ˫УȫĮͱ䡣
ףֶͦݵİ
΢Уֳֺڵףɭ˵ϴСǸľ
˫Į㶢ס΢ЩźڵֶЩǲڵŤŤӣԼʦ
ǰɡ
׵ɫѾȷ˲٣ǰ겻Ǿ龳Сɵľ磬ԼͽܱҪһ磬ôСأ
Ҳ֪㾿ʲô·Ҳ֪ͽ飬ǷҪϷһ˵˵
˵Ǹûʲô˵ԴһЦ˵˿ʲôӡ
ԣƤɵĳ鴤˼£Цɫǻŭŭ֮УȴżֿԷʵ
øСӣȻԼҲʡҲ˼գ͸°ɣ
Ӵһӣһɾ龳Բѹȱ
ǹǿѹȣɫ΢䣬Ųǲ˺һ
ŨӣȴǻıϢȫ壬ϸĸӦ֮ǰ굱һδͻƾ龳ͨߡ
Ƶľֹϣ˶΢΢һ㶣ȴδڴţֻĪҵ֮ɫŨ˼֡
üͷ΢Ǿֵֹ𽥷һĨΣ֮Уһӣɱ
ͦӵԵʮռҾӵܣһۣһҧȻƵĶɱȥ
ƵöԷľٶɫһ䣬ϣ˵ǾǣιڻǶϺĶˣһӣ˳ȥһȴͻȻһó֣žˡ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ƫͷȴϣĻУ֪ʲôʱѾһͷʱͷɰСƳһۣȴֱǽͷϣУŮһߺ졣
ĳϣ˵
ȻȴҲûʲôĪҵ꣬Щ龳δﵽռӵܶԸ˰ɣ
ɺĿĶЩɱȥռӵܣյУ΢Щˮ


273 鱨
Щռҵ˼﹥Χ֮ʱǽ˫ٶڵУ˼۵ĳ˼µĵĮɣ
Ŀ⵭ЩЯɱԼһռӵܣ𻺻̧ƣ޳ָ⴦ɫĻ棬һš
ǳɫŵһʮռӵ嶸ȻһȻ˵Ŀע£һɫĻĳǶ̶̵һʱ䣬ʮӰȫɫĻ

ټҡ
Ҳ
һĲҺ˺ѷε쳹𣬲Ҳ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ЩɫӰǳֹͣΪһ̲̲ҽڽֵϡ
СӣֶΡ
΢΢ĻļʶЩĿ࣬겻ǻּ䣬ɱʮ۷֮ˣʬ嶼δ£ңܸܵǳɫдļΣ֮У»ǳɫҲñشɡ
ʱǷһ㣬Ҵ˽٣ȹˡ
Ҵǰͻأɫմʮ̲ҽһĻõΧ۵һֽ͵ĳĬ֮С
˶ĶǸ޺꣬£ȻһɷĵĳǺ⡣
Եִ£ʱҲЩ죬ҲӿһĨڲ֪Ϊ׻ôǱӻ
ƫƫͷˣŲʮ̲ҽ֮дһ磬ЩҽΪҳ
֪ռұŵĴڣβ¶һЩ˼ɵʵµԼߺһŵı
һĿע£վ˻ǰ΢΢ͷǳ˳ƺ¶һЦݣ˵ϴһΪ㻹޴

׺ţһĭͷ֮ϣ亹˳ջ䣬̧ͷǺŵЦ꣬һƵĳǺ⣬ĵõ紦ѡ
ŵĵӣֲǳɡ
ǰһǰȻֶЩ죬Ǿɵ˲١
𣿡
ЦЦ˿ûвԶʮȻ֣ǰÿһ϶һµţȻȫƷĴΡ
СмЩ˵
ڵһصݣаϣʱջʱǵʱײδ⣬óôԼۺ첻ѵмɫʱһƬң
ִ£֪Сֵʦ˭ķ˫ͫһһۣʵ
˸ܴôƷϣóôƷ֮ˣҪмı߾ԼǶ֮ˡ
ǰ𣬻˵ᣬ߽Ա
ôƷǷԼţҲԻΪϱ£ˣҲ֮ΪеĴڰ
ԼͽףȻΪ齬ôһŵĴ֪¾Լϲ˸ϵ
ķʸ֪ģʦҲ˵Ҵ˴γ򲻵ѵʱ򣬲˼ҵ䡣齬Ѿˣ֪ǰǷҪó𿴵ɫ֪ԼҪЧѾﵽˣǵʵ
Сֵ˵Цˣͻ֪СֵҪ齬ұⲻͽһͬǰȥ齬˫ַˡͷһ˿亹ǰָ̬֮߰ȫޣһά˵
ǰ˵Цˣʦ˵ҪԼʵҳһ˵꣬ǰ
Сֵܣҵƣպпգȫӵӻͳһƣݸ˵
˵ͷҲ飬ǿ뻳Уϣȥ
ߣ
ıӰ󣬵һۣһǷȥ߼״Ҳɫ԰ף˿ͣռҵһҲѸٵȥ
үңǡ
ռҵȫˣһĪҵӵܶŻεѯʵ
ߣ
ĪҵĶүԭΪԼĴĪϱĻǼԼĪҵİһ㣬ε˵
һƺƵҪҵ־磬˶ŵĽճ
ԭֵһЩ˵ȣҲ㬵ȥǴҶ֪ңһ

ʱҸڣ𱻷ΪʱȻҲǲȻᣬȴ쳣ء
֮ܶλСֵܳˡ
ЦصһζҶԣȷǹˣȻ˵ʲôιǸղǵȾ棬ҵ޷⣬ĳ֣ȴĪȥ
һжĪıܹóƷˣΪɲ⣬˵ûʲôͷȻţԼҲϲĶ֡
峤ˣȻҶȻҲԹۣҴ鷳
ҲǿͿصӾˣôȻҲô㡣
һռҺĪҳ˸Ҳһ׮ˡ
źӣһĨȻ飬ܹȡĹ⾰ڵҰһʵûжٽܳĵӿԣҪ㣬Ѱ
ЦЦû˵֮£ȥ̫ࡣ
ƺҲǲԼʧ̬εһЦҲ˻⣬ʵСֵܣк飿ֻҪܹææĻôұȻ߾ȫ
ҡҡͷֻǳˡ
ԣҲǻȻص˵ͷΪ˾ֵýύģҲ˵صıڵĻⶼ֮У˭ң
ɣСֵ֪ӵзǳ鱨ϵ⸽ļ鱨Ҷܹ̽õСֵʲôҪ֪ģܹææ
ǵģҵ鱨ϵ˵ڶ˸˵һҲΪʲôȻǿ߲࣬ȴܹ֮һԭ򡣡ԱߵϣҲǵ˵ͷ
Ȼԭó鱨ϵģԼҪ֪ʲô˵ܹѰҵһЩ
ԼһֱҪѰҵ֮ģһֱѰңκȴûаϢõϢԼܹʣ²ٵĹ
£бԼ뷨ͨҵ鱨ϵ֪䡣
ȻĻиС󣬲֪ܹҴ̽һ¡Ҳ¶Цʵ


274 
˵ҲǰһµľҪҵİæֻҪ𿪿ҪæĻôԼҾܴ󴬡
һʻĽף
Сֱֵ˵޷ұȻǽ߾ȫ£Щٵѯʵг˳⡣

𻺻ؿڵ˵ĸ֣Ȼüͷƺ֪ʲô
ûеĻҲνҲѰ˺þãƬ̡״ҲЦЦ
Ϸȷû˵СֵҲżھȥ̽һ£ϢΣһ£Ҳǿڵ
ɫˣ㲻һΣ
ţҲûʲôףҲǵ˵ͷӦϾҵ鱨ϵ鲼Χļ˵ܹԼϢΪͣһ֡
ϣСֵȥͷϢһɡ
ҲǹЦҾȥһ£˸̽һ
ˡϵصܹԼ̽䣬ʵǰԼһæ
ǱϣݵĿͷǿʼȥְæ̽䡣
ǰͷ·ϣϣǰ棬ҲǳĬ֮ΪعŹ֡
ϣ۽Ƴһƽӣҧ촽ȵشֳĬռҵ˳֣ǲǲˣ
ϣѯʣҲһ㶣εӺԣϣ˵ûûռҺĪֹңûдѰϣˡ
ȿȡôءҲһԼΣȻеȷ룬ܲ˵ȥ
һƣ·ϻһʱ䡣
Ҳֻ˵ؽӦϣϣԣ˫͵һƺǺܿĵص㲻ǹ⿩
ô᣿ҿǻǵǷöԪ鵤Ϊص
õģ¾͸ù
ϣ֪ҲǱ࣬𲢲ǹŲңĳһĸо
ߣ˰ЦԪ鵤ͲˣҵȬˣԪ鵤ҲǶûжˡ
Ŷ
ϣʱ˲ʧ֮ɫܿǱߵһԺ䣬Ҳͣ
Ϣ֮أʲôҪĻ˷Ըһ¾Ϳˡϣͷ
һܵĻò˵ΪǳʺԼʶصͷţллˡ
лңɾңҡϣ˰֣ӲɵǸһĨ糺֮ɫҲˡ
˵֮ϣǵͷתһȥƿԵ
СӣӶ˼ʱļһص
һȥ㶮ʲôûذһһղŲ֪ȥˣڲų֡
ٺ٣ҶÿɶأϣСӣɺǸСƺҲĶ֮⡣թһЦȻһղȥɺˡ
ˣЩͱ˵ˣҶǶԣվһͶѡҲҡҡͷصʱ˿̵ԣŮ˽ЩǵķΧ֮ڡ
ŵѪǱϣ˿ķɣԶǣڱŵһ죡
ţغһе׳ȥģֻвϵԼʵ
ҹɫ𽥵ػ谵Ҳ𽥵ذֻʱȻ˯ţ̾
ϣһɴȹпڴߣһǱסԺ䣬ƽձӣʱȷǸʧɫȫСŮ̬
ϣϣֺ룬Ǻεȱ֮ˣôῴ㡣
Գϣ΢΢ر˫еŮ黳ƺȫΪҲ֪ȫˣܻн
ʱһߣɺ°ͣҹյһ³룬ô粻Լ
Ȼʱȷǽ״̬ȫȻزȻҲ֪ҵŮѾǶġ
һҹʱܿرǹȥڵڶ峿ǻ˫վһ½ǣһҹоԼΪӵȹࡣ
ΪˣһһʵֻҪȵкʵĻԵܹһӵر˽
ϣܹҴһϢɡ𻺻صҲǴ򿪷ţȴһЦϣƺڵȴԼ
߰ɣүүԸңֻҪѹʹȥ
˵ͷϣƺǱ仯࣬յĸоЩĲĥ͸Ҳû˵˾Ĭţһ仰û˵
ǰ·ϣȻҲɺЦŸɺһкɺҲΪߵص˵ͷ
Ƭ֮ٶ鷿̤ȥȷֽű鲼Ϊңϵ˽һЩϢݽ߳ȥ
ҪĵطֻҪҪ鱨ȥġϣΪ԰ص鱨һϣҵȷǿܹ֮ȡ
˵ͷҲǺЦϣԼҪ֪Ϣ
Сֵˡ
ʱͷ˽Ҳ̧ͷɵҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
΢΢һ£ǳƣ˫ۣƺһҹû˯ΪΪԼæвɵ˼ָм֮⡣
ͷˡ΢΢˫ֺʮϵص
޷ҡҡͷɫȷûж֮⣬һֱǸֻʧҪѰҵĶҶе鱨ϵû䣬ʲô֪
е޿κΣԼǰ˵ҵ鱨ϵģȻȴҪѰҵĶȴûаϢ
ΪʧϸƬ̣ҲȻȶֵط鱨˵֪֪Լ֪Ǻεȶ
ȻҪԼ
Ҳǰ̾һ̧ͷЦĪ̫⣬ⶫҲһֱѰңΪ̫ѵãҲǰ׵õ
˵㣬Ҳǳϣ޿κΣû˵еȥûκϢ
ȻʱһѸٵ߽ɫΪؽţһֽţݸڶߵ˼֮뿪ɫȷǱࡣ
үүʲô飿ϣԾҲѯʵ
ⲻǻǱߵ鱨ôڿԽԽˣڱ֮󣬻ȼ㿪ʼ˶ϣղŵ鱨˵ˣѾм׼ǶԸˡҲΪп˵š


275 ٳ
ڵûжĸоռ鱨Ƕԣǰʱǲϵű仯ƺܵȷҪԸˡ
һˣǿûûˡ
Ҳ̾һˣǿʳıڣǱԱ˶ҲǷǳ£Ҫ֪ÿһӵһЩԣǸ޷ܵջ
Ȼ˶ûע⵽ɫ֪֮ѾǷһЩ仯ضеһ鱨м޷š
ȻΧˣ
ܹ鱨ҹĿһ£
Լƽֱǳϣһۣǲ죬ʲô飿
ȻҲǴˣ±жϳˣƺ⻪ϵǳǽе鱨ݸ˽ʱйڻ鱨ǵݹһһĿ
±ǽ鱨м仰ȷһ
Ѿɳǿߣٻ֮£֮ڣƳǣ
ȭͷ±Ǽذ½ݹ鱨һһؿһ£жʱҲ˽⣬ԭڱ֮ϢڶǴȥˡ
ΪĵĻ±ǿʼĵ⣬ǰڱӻŻܹƽ£ڱһҹѪϴ֮󣬻ʼҡҡ׹
ȻҲֹǻĸҲֹֻۣǣǵһĶѣ
β뵽ڻĶУһǰһʱ䣬ܵɳǿߣش˻Ĳǿߣ񿴼ʱ죬Ǵۼƾֱ֮ӵصﻪĶ£
Ǹʱ򣬻Ȼ޷֣ο֪
һһ鱨ȥԽԽľû뵽ڱ֮󣬾Ȼ˲
ϣ˶һ۳ĬصɫƺŻŲǳԨԴ񿴼飬ҲǾʹ˰ݡ
Ƭ֮ǽе鱨꣬صһתǽ˫ƺ˼ʲô
ѣӲܣԼҪȥæ
뵽͵˫ѾһҪػ

ķʢȣջĶҪǰѹžֵ࣬ϣӰܵĳҲǱϣɼӲĻʯ޽ɵĸʳǽ֮ϣѹѹͷ֣͵͵˽Ⱥлصǻ
ģЩ˶ô뵽еģǰԪ˧ķ𣿡
˵ǼֽԪ˧ҲһֱǴڼ䱻״̬ܴչ˵λЩ˵ʮа˾ǳſ϶ġ
ô죿мǸһһʦ龳ǿߣɱɱˣھԬƻ᳤ڣһʱҲƲôⶾĵҩ
ǿ߶ϸ߾ȥˣﻹɵǱQ𣿣
ģʵڲо͸ƴˣ˶࣬Щ˲ɣ
ǰͲԶ򿪳ţǿǶʦóıһڣǾԵʵѹƣҪɱǿɲס
ںѹѹͷ룬һ׷ƣ̬֮ʱųǽµļӰ
ϤףǻʦĻ᳤Ԭơ
ʱˣĿͶڳǽӰϣɫЩѿ
᳤ô죿һֱҲǰ취˵в͵СбѪϴϢֶ֮ݣֻЩ̬Ÿɵó
Ԭһˣݺݵ·Ӱŭ˵
ػΣѵûǶʦԼͻ˾龳ôּǿߣǶжֻλ¾ǣʤҲǼС
ԬҲΪͳ˵ɵһǿȾӵ߾ȥˣĶǣʱ龳֮˸Ǳѡ
ֻܵˡ
ԣ˶һĬ֮У翵ĵ֣õ̫ãȻڶˣ˭Ȼ
Ĭʱǳǽ·ļӰȴʱ˶߶ʦ߳ƳƳǽ̶쳹ڳǽÿһ˵ĶС
ʮӵʱ俼ǣԼ򿪳ţϷʩе˿Ϊ޴ľٶᣡ
Ϻ߱ǻĿҲ⻰ڳǽ˶ɧ
ʱ仺ĹȥʮӺ󣬻ûзӦǸɿݵϲɵĸֳһĨ̵΢Ц˵Ϊǽܻס𣿡
䣬ͻȻӿһɫâһӣһŨɫӿֶ
СģٷסҪⶾԬƼ״ɫʱ䣬ȵ
ԬĴȣǽϵ˼æǰĵҩһصֶĶⶾǷµҩʱֵܵǳеİأ
ȻԬ᳤˼ӽɵҩˣ̶̵һʱ䣬Ҳ˶а
ƾЩĻɫҲֵϷɫ
ǽ֮µĻЦһһӣļ龳ǿæƴĹĶڵ飬ȻӪһ磬ЩɫĶųǽϴײȥ
ŶڣƬ̺󣬶ǽĴﵽ˳ǽĸ߶ȣǽϵ˰һӴʵԵ͵˲СһڣǸоԴһѣΣڹİ죬Ȼֱһͷεڵأ˻ԡ
ĻԬɫԽѿ˫֮Ҳǳ˾֮ɫ
Ԭƴˣȥǳ綼군
ӳǽ󷽣һϵӰȻǽʣ龳ǿ֮һҲǻҵĹ
ԣԬƻͷһۣȴҲû˿취
ǽµЩˣȻܴӱ߷ɭϵĽ䱸ԽսȻǱѰƾ񶼳ǵЩȥˣҲ³ǲȥⶾҲʧȥսʱøΪ
ΧһЩѪʿߵĻɫ˶ǿԬƣȴĻش
սɣҲҪסǶǣȵԪ˧֮ʱǶǶΪһƬˣԬȵ
ʱǽϵ˶Ǻݺݵĵ˵ͷеı
ǽ֮µĻߣųǽϵɧе֮ɫΪŨңƽʱɵű𣬶еǿ߸ȫܵ߾ȥˣûʲôɵġ


276 ʦ
ЦһһӣһŨҵɫٶӿϷǽ˼״еľ֮ɫŨ˵ȻǴŸϾɱͷŵڶɶĻڣȻ֪ȥҲѰ·Ҳû˿η壬һ
˶׼³ǽʱͻȻƬǽռ¶Ѹٵ¶ȵߣǶΪŨ֮ȼһɫĻ棬ʱЩŨɫͬһ㣬͵һ󷭹Ѹʧ
ͻһĻ˫˶һ£һƬãȻ
˶ãȻĹ֮ʣŷ֣ڲԶһȫڳɫе޳ӰͻȻֶ䣬ǳ˳ǽ֮£˫м䡣
龳ǿߣ
Ӱճʱüͷһ壬˫ݵǰ˴͸ǳɫ棬Էֻһ֮һ
ܡ
ɫĻɢȥ¶Ӱ
ǽ֮ϣЩԬƵˣɢȥӰһ㶣Ĳ˼֮ɫſϲ֮ɫӿֶ
𣿡Ԭ૵˵
ڳǽϵˣҲвټ֮ˣҶǶ漣̣ǽ˳
𣡡
ԬԵļһҲ͵ķӦ˹Ȼվ𣬼Ĵ󺰵
ΧĺҲǷӦ˹ǼĴʱǽ֮һƬ֮У̫Ϥˣ
һëûСҲϷ𣿡ЦһɿݵָһһĨԵñ̵Ķ˲Ϣֶȥ
Ŀ⵭źХĶ͵һɣһĿУֱȼΪޡ
龳СɵҲһ浱ǻ˲ɣȵɫĻХ
ݣ
ɫ磬ԻΪ׵ˣδӦǱɫĻʱһޱ֮ں濾ȥ

ȳܲסʦǸͻƾ龳֮ˣȻޱȺֶΣǾ绹̫ͣҽһֱӱճһŻҽ
СӺõ
ڱǳɫ֮Уһŭһ͵ıȻǽǳɫ˺һ
ߣ
һǱ⼣߰ߵĳС
ۡ
ֳֽδһӰӳ䣬ǻ˱Ǿףǻһ㣬մ
˲ɱ˺һڳǽ΢һ㣬ֱӳԬԣٻԹȥ˺󣬴ӻȡöҩȻϿУָһһĨɫϽһĨŨҪ
ΧһȵĿ⣬δ̫⣬ֱӶԬʵʲôˣ
⼸˴ӱ߾͵ģˡ
ԬƵǽڱ󣬱мۺ컪ҪϷֵ
⼸˴Ϸı߾͵±߾ҲǼˡ
Ԫ˧Ƕڱ߾Ԭ᳤ȸˡԳĿңԶĶʣͷҲٹԬƹ˹֣ȻαٳǽһηĿȥ
λסˣ
ңңŶʣһǻΪһӶȥ

һ޾Ļߵ棬Ϊɽͬڴ˵أɽվʯͷѰ˸ԽȥȻɽľͷȴһ޴ĳǱǻı߾
˫ɽ
˵ͨǵĵ·ҲǻΪҪķߣֻҪﱻƵĻ˱ֱܹ룬ͬһذ׺ݺݵز࣡
ǱΪ޴󣬱ϾΪҪķߣͨ嶼ǺɫʯɣԾ龳ǿߵĹǱҲܹܾá
ȻڳǱ棬ŵյľӲϵعᴩÿϹɱ⣬иǲȱһЩصʿȻշս
ڳǽ֮ϣʿγһֱߣעǰɽ֮еһκ쳣ܹһʱЩʿһЩмǿԵѾ׼ãֱ۴׳ĺɫ˸ź˵Ĺâ
ȷ֮£Ȼ֣һʱҲԹƣ
ҪƣҲø޴ĴۣҲΪʲôܹ֧֮ãأǵķ
ڳǱߵһطʮӰţЩһǻ֮ˣиǰɣԪ˧
Աߵһǻһоӵǿߣһεս£ػ֮ڵǿ߶Ǳɳһֵǰߡ
Ȼ˵ɫɣǴһĨͬɽǵܹԼؿʱӰ˫ɽһͷϵӰ˸ϵĿ˸ĺ⣬õɫΪ¡
ǣܱߵɳľ񲿶ӣȻ˵ǵĲЩѰľӣЩھ֮еߣǴŽ׵ǿߣһ㹻ܹɷǳ޴ƻ
˵֮бȻž龳ǿߵ
ӣѾ¶˾ģƱҪһһټ𰡡
૵صһɢսûоۼһ֣ƺԷͲסˣĶ򣬹ĹƣܿǻᷢȻǸʱĻǵķܹô
ɣΪһͳ˧÷ǳ͸ǳ֣ܹ߾߾޴ѹ˵֡
ѹ£ɵΪԼϣͻƵ龳ɣȻֻһ֮ңǣѰ˶ԣһʱǻһӵʱ䣬ҲԿԽȥ
Ͼÿ˶ӵĪĻԵѰͻƾ龳Ϊ龳СɣѾǺܶ˵ļˡ
ǰʱ䣬һ͵͵˷ߣ֪ǻ᲻Ǵ鷳
һ׵Ľ̾ϢʱΪĵǶ֮ڵ鲻ǵĻȥ׷һˡ
֮ƹͻҵǿһСӦ첻̫в
ҡҡͷĵģȥĶʦǾͲ鷳ˡ
ɵĻнһʦ֮еǿߣ
ڽյĶУҲǼʶ˶ʦĹ֮˵һɶʦֵĻǱһҹ֮ͱƣ
ɱ˰֮⣬ֶϢΪؿ£ҵĶʦࡣ


277 
СӻڵĻⷬ棬ֻǲһɡɻ̧ͷƺڵƷ
Ԫ˧δãǼϢɡԱȰ˵ȻҡҡͷңԶƺڵȴʲô֡
ˣȻҲɿ˵С˭ֻڱˣô
ɣŮӯӯҲ֮УȻڱѪϴϢȥѰԼŮʱ䶼ûУҪ߾Ը
ȻԴˣɲûֻƬǣһֱŮߵ᲻ģѹأ
ֻڴеǰûʱȥЩ
Ƭ֮ɲǽջҡҡͷҵƲ޴󰭣ԬƵҩȻȲ۷ʱڣҲսˡ
ɽһˣɵЦǿսĻҺĶʦȻĻǺ֧ȥ
˻̧ͷԪ˧࣬˶֪ǻҵĹΨһһ龳ǿߣ
κܼ֣ɳ龳ɵǿߣֻӭսһҲܹһһĻް취ص
Ҳû취ˣµֻԼЩһͻߵĻڸˡ
૵صΣ߾ǷסεȵĴۣһʧȥĻͿ̿
İɣƴҲҪһˮһ֮ҲǸֹһĨɭ֮⡣
ҲΪʲôǰʱһֱ湥
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ŹǱʿͬһʱվɫ¡
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Ǳ˷״̬ԶͬһӿҲһƬɱųӿ
ȻЩӰ֮УвȱϢǿ֮ЩеǿߣЩ˵ĴڣõóǱķ߸еѹ
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ף
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ɺȻˣҲûа취ϾԵľݲð
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֮еǿѹһͷҪȫֻǼӿ컪
ǵʱԪ˧֮ڴ漣ĳ֣Ȼ֪ûʲô漣ɷ
ڵĻǾͺ˰ƾʵҪҲ¡
ͷҲֻһţڱţԼŮο


278 ޳֮
ȻʱڳǱ֮£Ѿ˶ţƵƺ˭׼ʼֵͷ
ɲҪԹֶԸ㣬Ͼ֣ĴǸֵܼ⡣
ʱҲЦеصȫ޽֮⣬Ͼľ棬ɶǵƿ֮С
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һĨЦͶ׵ҲǼΪزмֱӵؿڷ̵Ȼȷ̣ΪĶǿߣȻҲһҩʦı졣
΢΢һЦ˫΢΢طתһ£ָױԵ͸ɫĹâȻ̺綾
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ҲһЦ֪֮ԵĻû˿İնԸֵĻֻҪҵᣬȻܹһ
һǱ̤ƽ
ȻʱΪͳ˧Ƴһǳǽ֮ϵɣҲͻȻصԪ˧ƻһһ䣬˵нգλûתͶȻպٻز١
ûֻҪӦֺαظŻһأҲǺٺһЦ
ˣСôȻѻҲܹ˵ĳҵ͹ǵƤ
˶ֱۣһ˸¶Լıһ߳߳ɱȾ֮£Ϊɭ
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˶ԸɳҲǳûд֣ǽɵϡ
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ȻɲǾ龳СɶѣǣǾ龳ɵǣҲС
ԣŶһҲǵ˵ͷ˸˺˴֮ľʮֵ΢
ƺܼ汸Ȼ֮ͬĬҪѵͬһʱ䣬˵뷨һģһ
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öֶιȻ鴫ܹ۽硣ԱߵĶҲɭһЦָһỊ̃ȻҲΪɵ
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΢΢һЦΪóһѾ޵ҳʽǿɽնԢΪпɽٵ֮ܣ
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֮Уһ׶Ըòʮ־ԡ
ΪһܵĻǺǴҲԼܶ˻ĵ·
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𷵻سǱʱ򣬾Ѿǳ׵رˣʣΪ׵ĺľѾǱɽӵӣʣ౻׽ĿɶǳΪ˷²
еʿʱǿ񻶵źţǰһĻŵĴǱ֣֮ȻȴΪĳ֣Ӳس漣һתۣ
ǻһҲܵһվ֮ûκεܹԸһε޷Ϊµػ֣߳
һȻǻҵһȻһȻ𣡴ʱо˵Уɾһػߡ
̫ʱˣЩӶˣ
Ѹٵطأɶ³¸һȻʡ
ҲǾԶǸһ㣬¾ǲˡ΢΢һЦʵϴӶǳϵ߾һ·϶аи
ǣ񶼳ðɣԣҲ׷ʵǵҲ˿ǡ
ǰ赣ǣȻеС鷳ҲǽˡĻش׵һΪҵһŻҵĹϵǳ
ţȥһ
Ҳص˸ֱӵ뿪Ϊ֮һЩҪġ
Ŀȥ͵ضɵȹ£ͷĬ㶯ɱһҲæΪΣ
ҶԲ㣬ûչ˺ӯӯ˻Ƶص
ҲţڱţܻţѾǺܴ컯ˡɸ̾Ҳǿв
̾һҲ޷Ԥϵõģڱţ֮¾ҲܵǣܹţȷǺܴ컯ֻÿǰˣĶޱȵΡ
ǡӯӯɳһ£ջǿʵѾĴ㣬ֻȴĿȷϡ
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һ汻ס׷ӯӯԼȥȻ֮ұӯӯʧȥϵ
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̾ϣˣʵӯӯûĻôһʱӦǷػûУԭΪܹڻӯӯƺӯӯ䲻
İɣӯӯµģҲļʾҪйΡ
µ˭ģҲȻʵ
ʵҲ֮ԻڣûбǶΪ˼Ҹмǳ֣


283 ɱӺ
Ĭһ£ȷ֪˵ΪҲ˵һ仰ûбҪû֪ЩҲҡҡͷ̫ˣͷ
ԣҲҪҡͷǰĳǱ̾Ҳֻˣûڵıӣ˭ǰ̤㹻֤һ㡣
ȷûڵıӣͬеʱǱɱ
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˵仰ʱ֮˸һ׺ݵɱ⣬΢΢һ㶣˼ǣ
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𻺻³ĸ֣ɨӶսͷԺһҲǶɳҪûܹҲֻһ취ˡ
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ţ˵ûǣ龳ɵǿ߶ûУֻǼѡҲͬ˵
ĶףѾǱˣԺӣںľ΢΢˫ûȻҲǺõȥ
ҪݻٵΪ㵵صҪĻҲǲԣϾ
ݻ̸ϣֻûдڵıҪˡ
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ȷҡͷ뷨ҲǿǹȴУΪ֪ΪڱӣҲΪڱ֮󣬲ŻǱ˶ϣ˵תټ򣬿ɵһ
ĻͻǷͷ̫ʢһʧȥűӵȴһ㣬Ȿ˳˲ɣһһЩ˵׷飬ͻǷĴڣӶ뵽ڵһЩߡ
ǸʱΪǿĵˣѪϴڵĺ֣Ǹʱ򣬱˵ǻҲûκεֵֻǽһΣ
Ҫľǣܱߵ֪ô۸ģȻڲڣҲ۸ӣһֻҪȻؽͺľһЩҪȻͻ
ܱߵɲŹᣬǵʱ򣬻飬Ȼܹ˸𣬶ͬһʱ䣬ҲǿеɵٶԻ֡
ĻûڵıӣΪҪľʱǿߣպԶУٶƵ鷳Ҳоľ֡
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ǵڶʱǴĶ֮£ĶǣҲѹһԼĶ߰ɣȥҸط϶֡


284 ɱ
ĶǣǷޱȣƺ˿ûܵ߾սҴϢȻ֮£˳Ǳ˶֮УѰҵһջһֻȴڡ
һʳؼֻҪǸˣôǻ᳹׵شҡ
ڿջ֮У𾲾ŴڣŽֵϵĬƺ˼ʲôȻʱһͻȻƿ˷ţеȹµ´̽ʳĻƺһᣬҪҵ˶ھۼһ𡣡
ԣ΢΢̧ͷҲĻȻãʡ²ٵˣȥϢɣϳ
⿴ƽʳƺ˿ڼѪȷûκεԤ֪
ʳĹ֮͢Уһλ۵һλ۵̸˵ɫƺΪ죬ν˵˵Ĵڡ
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ҲЦʵȻʦػشĪڵģʱѾǹ˫ϿȵķֱĶǶȥˡ
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ڲ֪ʲôˣѪϴ֮⻪ȻҲûдڵıҪˡʦɭɭһЦ
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վĹ֮͢⣬Ƭ̵ȥɱЩֱϵǹʦԸ
͢ĵͼȻҲǱ֪ϾҪ֪ЩԪ˧ԣѡ
ڻɱ˸ԵĿ֮Ѹٵسˣùҡ
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΢΢˸һ£ӰѾʧԭأֱӵؽ˹֮͢УȻ֮ЩѲߵĻ޲ֱ͢ĶȥҲǽĵص㣬ܹѰҵõҪҵˡ
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۸ʱҲһ飬һǧǿ൱ʮ˰ˣ
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ڽĿ֮ʱԶȴɫƽվδһֱۣתȥ
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ƽڷԲνǺаԵΪͶฮûʲôҲ۵ȥڣĺײҲ֣ڵˣֻ֣һɵӣпฮʵ֮ˡ
뽣භ֪Σ˽֮ˣʲôɵӣڵڶ֡
뵽˴ĿһСһ̤αͬŮһӳ
ǲ֮ʣȴǶȻһֱӳ˽ǰһɾ˵ɷ֮Ϸ
ܵϣӿ⣬ͼˣѾ޷æȵСӣҶң׷ɱ㵽ĺ𣿡
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ܼвûһЧõɱأæ࣬ȵȣˣ۹ⲻãǵˣҵǸ
ȻǺɫ֮У·һĨģƺڳЦ޴оһ㡣
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𻺻̧޳ƣһץסĲӣͬСһ룬Ȼ˵㻹Ǵÿԣ
㲻һεĵ׻ԪżͼԵʣֻҪһ뵽ű֮գζ޷ԭ
ңȻѾײˣȻ˿飬ΪףظԼ鷳⽣ڵܿģԣȻлȡϢĻɲΪԺƽ


299 ɱ
ԪżĲͼ
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ȷǺֱնɱ⽣ܣǣҲʱ˿̣϶ĿעԼֵĻôڵĸ֣һֱ׷ɱԼĺǣ
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ġȫû֮ǰİ˵

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ȻҲûΪڻôɵķŹԼ
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ͨЩͷ棬ٴǱ۱ǣڸУȡĲϡ

ֻˡϸһвϺ˿
⻰ƺ˵ʲô죬ȴֱ͡
𵭵Ƴһۡ
Ȼû˵ǣԼҲԲһɵ飬϶źܴķա
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뵽֮ʦ֮ĿӼᶨˣȭͷҲڰкݺݵק

ھɭֵһƬʵɽ壬ߵһΪԪɽ
ǰһǿڣţھ۱ǵǳսĪĹϵ
żУõ۱ܱߵκ˶Ϊ֮Ķʱ䱻ԪżһݲͼƬΪ֡
ˣڸϵƬʱ򣬱ǱǺƺƵһĻ壬ΪĵطֻӰǵصĴ˷Ʒ֮صĳɽּ䣬û˲ͣ١
ԶԶվһɽϣһĻ̲סһЩεĿЦ
ͨһżͼѾȫˣ۱ܱߵ˹ˣԭ͵͵Ļˮ㣬ʱвͨˡ
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Ρľɽɽ̫Ӵվһ㣬ɽƺɢŨĲ̵ɫ·Զݻһ㡣
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ǡ󣿶һһµĻɱ󣿡üͷһЩŵĿڵ
ֵķΧӴ𻹲δ̫ԾϾҲһڴ󣬿ǰԪɽǴ޲õһ֮С
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ֻǽ֮ͨԻĻôڣ֪Լôġ
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һ˵ʱЩʵģٶУž龳ǿ
ƽϡٵľǿߣȴԵЩĳ֡
Ǻѹѹ˺УҲܹһЩޣȴԵøΣյĲȻŲپԲǿߣҲȻĳ֡
õǲͼӦԪɽԿףҪԪɽӦҪͼССĿӹΧȻ˵
΢΢ͷһգǿͼȻУǽ뻳У΢΢ĦţҲ΢΢һ
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ĿΧʱƣе˴ĸԽԽ࣬ǺƺƵģԵüΪ׳ۡ
֪ļֲͼЩСֲܹͼʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ĵž֪ˣȻǶͼǱȻҲԪɽȻĻǲͼҲûá
С˵˵ͷҲͲٶԣҲǾĵȴš
ʱĻţƬؼҲ֮ˣˮĵȴΡͬԶžްԪɽĿ


300 ż
ھ֮˫Ŀȴ΢΢£˹ԼĪʱɫȻһ΢յ˫ĿҲǶȻͬʱĿ붫ߵķطƷ֮Ȼ쳹
ৣ
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ৣ
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ৣ
뵽˴ٶٶȱǣ৵һλΪһǳʮɿ⡣


301 б
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ĻٶҲ΢΢һ£ɫصƬͷƽԭǾ֮ɫɲΪЩԨȻγɵģô׵ԨΪ
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ৣ
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Ҫ֪ͼɲǿԪżԿףи̺һܣ
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ǼɵʵǡҶˣ˵ǰͬ죡
СֵҲ֪ǽˣСֵܵĻ컢Ӷţ컢ӶѪӶŻϺ󣬵ǲξڵ컢һЦ˵š
컢ųĺˣպٿɡ
üͷһ壬˵ǲȻȶ֣Ȼáȥ컢Ӷţûɵһ
ɫ컢һ˿ŭ⣬ȴҲûж֣֪ڻǶֵʱһ﷭ɾ͵òʧˡ


302 Ѫɷ
컢Ӷŵһǵ󣬵Ҳûֱ³ç̤鱦ɽȻȻѣҲû鱦ɽͷԡ
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Ĳ²Ҳû̶̵ӺЩĿ̸۵ԽԽŨܲסеĴֻ৵һһ֧鱦ɽ
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303 ᱦ
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컢ҲǿǰЩ˵ĶǼٵģô˵־壬ȴܹһĪ֪˵صΣ
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컢һۣ꺺ӲǾ龳ɵľ磬ǲģ뵽ʲôҲǿӦ˵ԭֵܣôֵܶЩҲȤ
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ҵɫʱ࣬Ż˵Ļ㣬Щ̨滹ŵĸʬνͣңǴʱصҩͱ˰ɣ
ǺǣλСѣӵʵҲ˲ŬɣΪƾܶԸ𣿡
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304 ɱ
ͷҾǳɲôǰˣ㣬ݹҲˡߺ˵
֮Ĳ࣬ǰĽ֣ȷܹۿҵ⻰ɫһף߳ŭ֮У֣ȴ·ƺֹˣֻúݺݵĵһۣĻصƵԣһεĵܣҶˡ
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ƻ˻֣ɫص˵Լ͵ʵԼΪܼˣСȴƵᣬ˿ѾˣʵԼ硣
컢ųһ֣ͬСӣ˵ܰɣƳ˵
Ȼ֪ԼĶ֣ܶ鱦ɽûͷҪ컢ֵͷ
Ҳ޴ˣ컢ܶٶԹֻȱһ
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Ȼ컢ȷ΢΢üͷƵĻɷϣĶˡ
ϾҪؿ౦̨޷ӵΪУʵǲܣǶ֮ϵ֥ǿǧѵõıԼõĻǽһԵ
ԼĿǣһֵĻ͵ں𳹵׵˺Ƥû˽ܹȻǰҲеӳͼļһɵ
ϴҿֵһԣһȻΪĻӦܹȵѹסֻҪеó˵εܣ˼պҪҲ޾塣
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ֻҪ컢¶֣ôպҪ鷳ҲǨŭ컢Ӷϣ෴ͷƿɾҪùˡ
컢֮󣬾ȷǲԵҲ΢΢̤ǰһ˫ֱȭλСֵܣҳ⣬Ϊƶѣ鱦ɽıһҲ޷ȫߣһӣθ˵պ컢Ӷŵĵط컢Բ
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ܼ򵥣ֻҪܹսʤҵĻȻǻὫ˵صܸ߸ң෴ĻҲĳˣֶԸңҲøܴĴۡ
΢˫֮˸һĨ⣬ضƣôͷԼǳȫ㣡
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ƳԷԣʱ컢ȷһڴӦƵļЦϵܣɲǻ˰ɣ
ƴʱĶУ컢ǰԼƣֲϣƾʲôҴӦ
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305 ŭ
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ƻȻ͸¶һĨ׺֮⣬㽻֣ԼҲҪ𣬴Ŀеó˵صܣȻһֻԼŲĪ鷳
ԼظоõˣȻһΪȴû̫ˣƾԼ龳Բľ磬ӦܹѹסСӡ
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ƿ̬ȣҲǲȻŭХһһڰɫĿ³˿Ƶ鲨øΪǿᣬǸ˪֮ɫƺøΪŨ֣ƺżΪµ


306 Ľ
ۿƺٶȱǿƣǣҲ¶صɫ֪ɾͲݵԼˣ˫ֻطתǿ鲨ѸٵţƬ֮󣬸о˶ǽȫʡս״̬
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ѣԵ˵ͷϾԪʱпܴһЩƣһĴˣӭԼĿɾǼΪҵ³ˡ
ȻѸѡһͨǰ֮ͬһʱطȷһЩı仯ԭ޹ͨͻȻرóһЩ˸оǰջǺЩΣյס


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313 ֮
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ĸǻʳĳЩӶѣһĳ֣Ǹ⡣

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˳˼һεԪżᣬȴǻʳһνԼоεķȷǶȻضԪŵĹеȤǿߵĹ¼Ϊز򵥡


314 ϲ
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һĻаһ˫ʵӵӶ糺죬ƤǸһ֮ɫҵ鲨ڲϵɢѾǺá
Ȼƺʶڵֿ͵ظһĨ׹⣬׹⸡֮£Ҳһ㺹죬еȻҲɢۺɫĹâǽӴѵ̬Ⲣû֯
ڻָ֮󣬵лâ˫ֲϵؽӡȻһɢŹâҪǻҵ鳹׵ƽϢȥ
Աߵ𿴼һĻɵǰ棬Ӳǵ״лָǣһԼѹڵȻ˵ܴĹ͹鹦еȻҲܹóӲߣһĨ


315 Ĺ
ʱ˿̣ؿƺڵ˽ֵ״̬С
ϾԪŵǿº֣ȻȻ໤Ϊʶ֮ĲǴڣϾǿһλǿµֶΣԲǾ龳ܹ⡣
㽩ֳԼĪƬ֮ȻɢĹâʼ𽥵رӻƤǳһĨ糺֮ɫ㺹죬ҲЩ١
˵ʵЩӶԣδһ£ϾĹҲֵЧ̺ܹ⣬Ѿۻһĳ̶ȣ𽥵رǳΪ֮Ч
⵽ʲô
ӻؿڣɳޱȣͬҪŻһ㡣
ңҲ֪ô£ԿⱮġ
ҡҡͷæԼ޹أԼӦʱڵ³ûʲôȻס壬ûС
ԣҲǿڴȸоʯȥ
֮ҧгݣû˿İ취Ȼ޷ӵ忪ʼûͬǱһ㣬˫۸ܹͬγˮһ㣬һ۶ܹܵõ޵⡣
ȻǿҲȻǵвһǿµֶΣʱоԼͬһŻ𽥵ȼգԺظоʱĹȥŻ𽥵ػʴǣ
ɫ˸̧ͷϡ
㡭µǵһ°вغ¶˽ɫ
ɲǻˣ
ӵɫò𽥵ӿһĨ죬ڵ鲨øΪػңֱ𣬻ؿڵҪ⿪µϣֻҪӴӦæūңպȻسꡣ
ʹҡҡͷΪصҸйδ쾳֮ǰ
Ȼ֮ǺԣܴӦӵҪ
ӷģūҳڣȻа취Ů֮¾ܹõЩɣֻҪӵͷӦ
Ļҧ´Ҳǿڵ
٣ССĵ㣬Ů޿ҪǿгڵһĻûˣԣǻģŪûӰ塣ͻȻҪСġ
ԣɫʱ˱䣬ӾȻôȻŮ˵˼ӡ
ķʽȥں㻹ǶǼΪкôȻڣƺǴ֮뽫ӽ㣬ɱˡ
ͷ˺˫ֺʮӵӣ滹н죬ȥǣҾˣʵǲʡ
ӡ
ӼܾҲǱȻΪղ˵Ǿ仰
ӣֻҪӦڱȻ㾡ȫ𣡡
ȻвˬӻסҪԼڵ⣬»üϣԼ¶̬ͼȴʧˣѹû뷨˺ȭӣʵˡѴ
תʯгߣȻͬһʱ䣬һۺɫƥѸٵػѸٵزϽһƺγһС
ӣˡ
ۼˣҲҧҧӿ´ʱڵԡѾǷǳˣȻĻҲǶԼ֣ǷԼ֫ǱƥţƺҪס뿪Ļᡣ
ȻӲϣҲūˡ
ҧҧƽʱǲ֣ǴʱڵǷϵϢʼ鲼ȫԼҪٶʧȻһǸʱӾͻǳ׵־塣
Ҫ֮ǰҪҵİ취ȻֻһܹǿҲҪԼ
֮ʣ͵ش߶еȻ飬ǼʵĹâȻγһ˿飬ֱӵϯƺҪסֽš
վѡ˶֣üͷ΢΢ڵ˲ӿи˳ɫĻ棬ӣǲ˿Ĵ⣬Էɲһߡ
䣡
ͳ죬ϵ԰֮дĻǴбĳɫɢƮڰ֮УеȻ鲻ò˵һ߶龹ȻڵĻ治µļ
ŻȻƥϵؽӴɫ࣬оõһԴԴϵǿȻ滯˲٣ֹסĽŲˡ
Ȼǿ˹
оԭΪԼȫĻӦܹһսĿǰȳ̶ȿҪƴԼԲĶ֡
͡
֮вϵظָƥеȻøΪ貣֮Уƥһ𣬻âƺͬ֩˿һ㣬ҪԭأҲܹķΧҲԽԽ١
˲Ϣ֮£Ӳ׽һʧֱӵӡһһƥͬһرֱӵزס˫ţ𽥵ӵȫȻǱƷˡ
¿ɲˡ
авȷǿЦãӴ֮״̬սû˿飬һʧֱӵƷס
ӣлú˵æǵǻԼ߹ӣΪΡ
ȻͬһʱҲǰдһ֣ƷסӣǽԼӸڵǾ͵ڻٵԼĸ죬ǲһĻķ
ӣ˴ζе֮պڱȻرӴʱƺڵȸоԽԽУͬǱüΪسջ
ӣ޵ĲӦþ˫֮Ӧ취ѹΪ㻹Ҫҳ֣
ʱȻȴҡҡͷ͵ѰڵӣԣҲУеڹ˲һ㣬ҲƵ֮Ի빫Ӻ
ԣȷ˷ۣеĹ˫֮ȻҪִ֮ⲻǳô
ԭĹǣѡ˲һĹѹԸ֣ҲԸѡ;
ʱ۾۾תصĹԣһĨȣΪصƺ֪ʲô


316 е˴
屻ýģ˿޷ֻǽϣϣȴûаĶǽţϾһǿɾͲǿЦģԣֱ޷ܡ
뱻ŮӷƵʵҲһ
˻ϲȻҪ໥ɱɲϵľ氡
Ȼʱһȴ͵ռлصΪ죬Ӷһ㶣Ȼе˴ڣûκεĲࡣ
˭
˫Ȼ룬ȻΪס֮һĨŭɫɨȴûκ˵ĳ֣Ȼȷ̧ͷѾԼ˴һʯ֮ϣ𽥵¶˾㵵ɫ
ʱʯϣ𽥵ظ˵âЩâΪ貣ҹеǳܿر۶һӰЦеؿӡ
ӰͨãȻʵ壬ȥƺʮ꣬ȴһͷ׷ԵΪ졣
ĹǣȻԵһϲ߻ǲġǵӰƳһҲЦЦ
仰׽һĪʯеˣ
´ˣ϶Ȼһлµġ
ȷʵʱȷЦãʱ˻˵ʲôٲ취ĿǰԼɾҪ˸ˡ
ǺǣҲţҵȷʯ׵ˣҲȷˣֻһлѣǴʯףҲ޷ǵӰЦеصƺûʲô⡣
ԭµȦף޳֮ͽ
ӼˣʯейŹ֣ԼôעǵӰ˵ŭ
Ǻǣ޳ܣеĹȻһ˫޹õĲҲ֮ô޳ôһ˵֮֮Ƕ˻ϲΪβһ˶ŸĺôӰȰ
һɺԣԼһ
ŭɫĻϲԼеĹǲƵ֮ȻʮͻǾػޣ
νĽԣɲһ¡Ӱص
һ貹ģοҲһƲлѣʲôʸң
Ӹоڵ鲨𽥵رøΪңȻȻҲԼѹƲˣҲҪȡڵ
ǿɲУĻ»ϲɾûˣƺҲԵе֥ǵֵģУҲһԵˡ
Ӱ΢΢һЦɨӶȻǿһЩߡ
ȻˣǾͳȫˣĹǣȻǸʱҲǲɼպɲܹ˱˼ҡ
ʱѾǽʯ״̬֮УеǰӰǲԴ⣬ĻԼһɲĸо֡
ôȻʱȷһؾɫҲ𽥵ظһĨ⡣
أûʲôŵ㣬Ψһϲľǳ֮
Ӱ΢΢һЦҲһŹֵӡһ㣬Ȼ֮£ɫȻرóǰΪغǻҵ鳹׵رһɹȲϵشԼһʧȥ
ӷһ⣬ǾȻԼϵ΢Ҳ޷סԼڱӿĻ顣
ȻȻԴУҧҪǿд߶Ȼ飬ƴѹԼڵ鲨ȻҲ¶һĨֵɫΪ֣𽥵޷ƣȻҲûʲôˣ
Ȼ飿Ȼȱ㱳һ֮˶ԣûжðǶ˼ȻȻҲԵҲǳ֮Ǿͽ˰ɣ
ǵӰЦٶһָݺݵصȻ֮ϡ
ȻȻȴ͵һӱǾֵĲԼȻϵνǳ׵ضˡ
ˡ
֮ϵǿжϣȻͨ飬ϣƺҪٶȽӣȴʼ޷κεΪӰѹ֮û˿ķء
ԱߵǾޱȣȻڵıҲܹ߶ѣһȴܹǿѹҪ֪ԷһƲл꣬ĻôǶԷϣǵΪǶôؾˡ
ȻȻ֮ϵжϣγƥҲǾɢһ˲˿ԥ˺ķչǳû뵽ʯеĲл궼֣һõ־Ϳԡ
СһԵⳡ컯㣬ôżʲôǵӰЦеؿżٺ˵
лǰˣнˣ黹ǲҪǰġ
æһЦصӰûаƢ浯ָѹסȻ飬ͬǺòѹȥʱ˿Ҳǳ׵رֶΣԲڵܹġ
ƳһǴʱ޷ҵӣò˵ɫǷĹǣŮӷκһҲǾܾ£ͬҲԼһӦˣǵȺɾ鷳ˡ
һݣߣĹΪԼһĻôڣŹ
һϲҪ컯һûܹܾˡ
ӰһЦҲһ㣬±Ǿ֣ΪԼȻ޷ˣ
һָͷ
Ȼͬصڲһ㣬忪ʼԼضֱӵͬҲͼѿƵǰ
ǰлú˵
𼸺ǿ棬Ժ׵ظܵǽɱĿ⣬õԼǶӣԸ񣬿»ڵһʱɱԼɡ
ƺǲ򣬲һ㡣
ʱǵӰˣ͵һԴָʯף͵һᣬһɸΪŨķۺɫʯ֮бֱӵϯˡ
ҿ
۶ˣһεķۺɫǸΪŨοʱԼѹ޷ֻЩۺɫԼڣҲˣ޷ֻؿһС
һǼʶַۺɫ֮ˣһ˲䣬оԼѪҺͬȼһ㣬һȵĸоСȫ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ӵƤͨޱȣͬǻһ㣬ԭЩ˫ʱҲ𽥵رһջ⣬ԭ޷壬˲٣Ѿ޷ѹˣ棬ɢĻϢӵʶؿȥ


317 һ׮
쵰
ӵУ𽥵ʧڲϵţҧгݵص仰
֮˵Ƕ˶ʯףȻҲЩʴĹǣζԣҲһ컯Ӱصƺؿӡ
˵ǰĲ㻹ǷſҰɡ
ͬʱҲҧ֧ţԼڵķپȻ޷߶ֻЩԼ͸ѪҺ棬˱ޱȡ
ӰЦһҲûж˵ʲôƺԼΪе⣬Ļһжˮɡ
ĲаڸϽæ
崫ԽԽĪǿңҲΣֻǽϣϣȻʱͬҲ¶һ޹ɫʾԼͬ޷Ī𼸺Ѫؼʱ̾͵ӡ
ԣֻƴ취ȥѹڴа˶Ҫȼһ㡣
ǣҪǣʱһѩֱȴȻعסĲһĽֱӵزס壬ͬˮһ㣬һص͵˽ıǿס
״֮£ͬǱըҩһ㣬˫𽥵رóԺ֮еļһһرĥ͵ͬҲǻĽͬɲһ
ңҲŹ㣡
ȻӴʱ˲ϣȷ˫ⲻͬǻСȵ岻ϵŤţҲǺ촽ߣ˵仰
ԭ˫ۣ仰֮ҲŭԼһֱţӾȻвԼ
ǰǿжȡԼڵǿɶ
ǰҪҶ㣬㲻Ҫƫƫ㿴
еŭƺǳ׵صȼڵ֮⣬Ժ֮нһҲΪһ仰׵رݻ٣ŭһǷеĹǣϢǱüֱӵֱ˺ӵİӣʱһźֱۣ¶ǰ

ӱʹΪˣϵ۷Ϊɴһ˺֮£ǰķҲ֣еȡ
֮֮вŮòƺҲǳɾһ׮¡
ӰҲǹһЦƺԿ䣬˻ƣʵĹâƾն֣Ѹٵ˵ܣ׵ذסˣʱ˵ģɼ
ˣһȻõ֥ҵҲԵȻһݴ񡣡ӰԴҲǻһۣһ΢Ĺâʯ֮иֶԿóâ֮ƺ̺ĳֶͬһһ㣬ǣȴһЩӨ¶
Щ֮ǵӰص˵ͷҲƺؿһܵĻ̾һ֮ҲһĻޣճ׵ʧ
Ӱɢⷽ棬Ҳǳ׵ؼžΨһŹâ֮УʱʱЩĵһ԰ɫ֮УӰģɼͬڡ
֮еļž֪˶ãԼĪǰʱ֮һ˿һһŹâ֮Ѹٵؿʼ
Ȼ˲ϢĹâǳ׵ɢͬһʱ䣬һýӰһֳٶѸٵȵء
ȻһߣһҲǲֱǻȻ飬âڱסԼҪλԭâڵķ򣬿ԿһЩɴƬ֪ղ﷢ʲô顣
ߣ
ҲǲɣֱӵͬҲǸոջָжһѸײڶ֮ȥ
ͷԱߣ
ŵȻͬԼһ㣬˵شȻǼһҲǼһƲлá
ҧҧҲ͵ػعҪߣתһ̣ȴһԲǴ߶еȻ飬۶һ飬Яеɱ⣬Ȼǰ
Ȼ֮ܣܹԤϵõοʱӸǷŭ֮㣬ֿû˿飬ĳɫ˲رǱȻĲɢȻǵ˲ܣʣһڶ֮ӿ
ȻǾ龳Բ۷壬һ߾ܹΪ쾳
ڱȫӣΪ㵣һֱ͹ӣϸ룬Ҳǲ棬Իʳֵ֧οĹǣеĹȻǸΪĬܹӵǿƣҲͦ
ﲻԵӣĽżڵϣ˲غˣ˫Ѹٵʩչӡ±Ǵ߶˺ӡ
䣡
ɽȻͬȻرƿҲõܵĵͬ֩һѿܿɼһߡ
ȵȣӣлú˵
ǿӲһεĹƣҲΪӵΪæԽԽӣȥԿĿɾԼˡ
޳֮ͽ㻹ʲô˵ɱ㣬ȻұԾ㱮ǰ
ӵ쳣ر䣬Ѿ˽֮ģҲҪԼ֮նɱˣȻԼ
ղǵ֮£ܿƣˣǲ㻹ңû˿ĺô
ЦӿƷޣ˭ǿȻ˵ңȻơ
⣬еĹڵĲ֮أһˣǰǻ˸ãӵޱȣ˫и˿κθ顣
㿴ģˣ
ԣԺֹһ⣬оﲻԾˣڴ֮ǰŹ˵һΪͻǰԲŻǲȡҪǿԼڵֶΣĿǰԣӸûκβף
ӿ鲨һ˲ֹͣˣıɱҲȻֹ
һĻһԺ֮лӰ˵컯Ī֮һ
Ļ֮Ҳһ㶣üͷʼڵ飬ƺûаԼԤϵǰ㣬ؼ෴Ա֮ǰԼڵøΪ𽥵һ˿ż
һżȻͻ쾳ż
ֱ仯õЩĹâȻҲһʱ֮ûлعֱ仯ԣԼ֮ڵͻֱӵɢĿǰȥˣƺղһε飬ԼΪӵһ¥


318 ͽ
ĺӣѾͻ쾳żֻҪʱһ㹻İսͻƣǰ޷顣
ǰ˵ˣһ컯ҲǺΣʹǿҶϣ㻹ǶңôǲС
˿ΪҲڵøΪس棬ǰҲŲСĲࡣ
ܣ޵Ĺ˵ûд֮ǰͻǰһʦҲΡӴʱҲһã
ԣҲһԼҶ˰취֮ҪɱԼ̶ܴȲΪԼףΪԼΪΪҪ޷ܵ顣
ǰı仯ǰ㣬ӵΪҲûʧȥڲ²ţһеĹ֮֮С
ԭأ仯ƺһʱ֮еԽܣԭΪԼڵΪ𽥵ʧȥʱͻǳΪһΪʧķˣȻʱڻǶˣûκεļֵû˻һûΪˣݶôĲһ
Ļ֮£ҪٴǿлɱȻԼһѳ顣
йŹ֡
ʱҲѰ˼ǷۺɫƺԼʦŹһĹǵΪһ¥ƵķѾʧˣ᲻˵ľ
ҲˣǵӰǻϲߣ֮û˱ȵȻ֪ĹǣôΪ֮£
˿תƺҲæ˵ӣЦǷԼҲĶ֣ܲԼȫȥԸӣϾô˵˵ĹϵѾˣҪȥ֣
ɫһãȷԼڵΪû˼˱øһ¥ɫǼ࣬Ƕ𣬺ȻˣףҪ۵ģ
仰һ˵𳹵ûƢϾ˵ĶģܵʱǴںε֮£Լӵ׶ߣʵ޴ӷ
˵ɣҪôſϷŹҡҲΡ
ԣ̲סҧгݣһӵԼ׶ˣһôװһͷӣԿһ㣬ʵǿ
лú˵Ҫ쭣æǺص̲ס̾Ů˿ź
ΪԼԺӸеˡ
ԪżԸˣ¾һʹ
˼Ƭ֮ջǸһҪûзĻԵҪңȻ뵱ʲô鶼ûз
յ̾һû뵽ԼջǾ֮УҪ֪ļƻ֮УѾõҲõ֥ǵõѪһеջѾǴسԼڴˡ
Ƿûз֮ǰԸƨɾˡ
ΪĻǲæҲ޷װģֻа
ãҴӦ㣬һΣԪżҸǷ
صҪԸڣȴЩķ֮Уûб㹻ǿ֮ǰ
ӦҲǰһǲ˪֮ɫҲǻ˲٣Ƴһ¶ûκλΪҲ֪г𡣡
ӺεȵĴϻۣǰϸڵĶ߾ǿƺǳصڵˣԲ²⣬Ȼ֮ǰǵΪǷĳˣǸˣϧ޴ӷ֡
ɫ΢΢ر仯һ£ûд˵ͷȻӦˣôҵͬҲֻһǾҪ죬
ǳɱ֮ʣҲǴһΪض𿴣⾿ǺεޣŻ˵ɱ⣿
ͻƵ쾳ȻҶ֣Ҳ
ҡҡͷҲҪ˵𣬽첻һˣԼͻƣ˵ĵƣĻԶԸһ죡
ģҼȻ˵óȻ취
ǣżƻˣԼҪĶǵˣ߻֥
ӵ֮ǿԽһƳɹĻôԸһ죬ûκε⣡
㵽ʲôˡ
Ϊ㵵ضԼûп͸ӵΪԼʵˣ³ǷȻ֧֣ҪԸڣҲ£ΪƫƫҪԸڡ
һ޵ˡ
غһҲû˵̫Ͼڵ¾˵ȥҲţΪġֻһˡ
һӵسĬΪӵһȻǿ߲٣ɱ˽죬Ҳ˳׵صڣպ㽫Ǵ粽С
ȻȴЦЦЦݿȥزã˵һӲĻ
֪ҳ޵Դͷ˭ͲΪˡ
ŵĲڣĻֻԼ֪ฮ
ȻڲฮµһѣԼһˣ̸αѩޣ
ӳĬҲҡҡͷأ̹ԣҲ޴׷ȥ˵ĹϵֻǺϵԼҪһεԪżеõԼҪĶҪɱ죬ͬĿģȴˡ
ڽнһطûмǴĻһǱռһռ䣬ʱҲӦøȥˡ
ӻؿڵڴ˵ص˽⣬Ϊ
ǲǷŽƣҪݲͼۼһܹõǲ
΢΢˼һ£һѪʵˣݲͼʧȥ壬Ĺ֮Ҫݲͼۺһ𣬷ܹ򿪡
ûݲͼ޷õ
ӵ˵ͷ㲢⣬ΪǺܶ˶֪ģܹ²⵽Ҳ档
ǣȻ˵ĻôԼ㹻ʱȥ׼ˣҪľһЩʱ䣬ҪЩʱ
ֻаƳˣԼܹ뽣һսʱȻ֮УԼ˵ʱûС
ΪĻӶŵսһ˾㹻ˣʵԶԶԼʱܹԸġ
а취
Ϊ㵵ؿһ𣬴ɫ仯ƺǿһĨţǾȣţǴӺζ


319 
취ûУҪһʱȥ׼ѡ
𻺻صͬʱҲɨһܣطӦòѰ˵ɣ
ᣬнÿռ俴ƶǶģʱǵĿ궼ǲȻͣȵط
ҡҡͷûв´ĻȻǽʱҲӦȫǹڵĵط׼ᡣ
ǾͺãǾͣط׼
Ҳ΢˫ۣƻˣԼҪƳɣȻĻŽ쿹ʱ
ʲôҪ
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һ̣ɫҲ𽥵رκһ裬ǶܹаɢҪȫУһаţ²ǰͬҲܵǳµķɡ
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ڽȫ׼úûмһ裬ΪѾоָ߶ȼе̵УľѾͻƵļ
ľȫԲ磬ٽһǱ쾳żˣ
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322 
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ԭԵüΪ׳˶ĿܣʱѾˮ֣ˣҲǱҪ׳ϼ֡

ѾȫУһĿЩŻһּΪĿܣǴʱû˿ĲǸһȵӾ
ԶŹǺ۵ΪԴȪɱ¾
ԼоһѹϢ壬΢΢ڵУӹһĨЦ⣬һһžӨӳС
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Ǿ׳ͻȻЦһһֱץ˹ȥĿ¾磬ڿռкХֻһ㣬ĶԴץȥ

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323 ǲ̫߿Լ
ৣ
ĻӶͣסӣЩ㵵ǰ꣬뵽ʲôͨ죬תܿ
ŵһ磬֪ӣֻЦЦδȥȤ
ˣԱʲôȻıʣõÿе귢һŭϵ
һƲл꣬Ʊǲ̫߿ԼˣԲŭŵĿܣȴ΢΢һЦ
ղʹþʱǲһ˿û뵽е꣬Ȼӵһ˿ʶⲻûе壬һϲ
ܣƳȻӲҲ֪ʹǱϾֻǿܣȫûԼս飬ֿܣȻоź
꣬аϲѡ
Ǿ߹ǺˣһǼΪѵ֮ֲƵĿܣټ꣬Ǳܴﵽһˣ
лԳƱҳʱǹɭɱ겨˲ö֪϶йԻͣս൱ḻֻҪƲлеǵʶ߿ܣɹˣ

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Ϊĵ˵ͷ߶ʯ߶ţϲ֮ʱԺȴͻȻһƣС
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̫̾һҲֻźĽָڡ
һԣӽһпС
ȻǺƳǶʲôǣĶ𣿣
ôһ½ʤ㣬Ǿ͸ˣ

ڽһ֮ӴһĿռ䣬ʱѾ㹻ĵȥӦ죡
ĴڣǶ쾳ĴҲ·磬ο쾳ĴڣͬҲܹӦˣҪԸ죬ӵĿһԪżĹ
˵ֻҪ̤ݣܹǲ֮أվڵ棬ǰ֪ηĽʵ
ԱߵɫĮȻΪǶ֮ˣȻԼҲͻƵ쾳ʱȴǶûаøУǴҪͼˡ
֮еĽн磬һΪĲ㣬Ƕƽڵģڵռ䣬ȻĿռ䣬ͨԪż֮󣡡
Ӳ̲˵֮˸һĨâɵûв´Ļ˴ʱˡ

Ĭ֡
طԪżΪҪ֮һĹ֮Ӧûֻǲ֪ǷʺԼ似ܹõֶе٣ܹڲõǵĹ似ôԼΪǸһ¥
Ԫŵ似ǿػţһͻǴܣĵĻȻԵõҪĶ
ӿɫ仯бҲʱ룬ɵÿڵ˲ﲻɵðԼΪʲôҪڸ쵰͸ڡ
ԭˣȻĻǾ̰ɣؽʱҲǵȵòͷ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦҲ΢΢սȭͷһɲ׵飬ڲ뵽֮УҪȥջһϢ
˵仰ʱ˫̲ס΢һɱɱԱߵӶǴһɵö࿴ۣһﵽ׸ʲôԹԣ⼸ӦòǸϸ𣬵Ҫ
Ȼû˵ʱ̳ɱ⣬˸ֲ²⣬ϾҲǴŸĹϵܹô˳ĻڱԣҲδһϢ
ȵȣ𲢷Խ죬ڣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ӵȷ͵ôһµͷɵøؿ˼о㵲ѣ𵽵ʲôͷȻҪԸڣ
ƾһ龳ˣ
ɻӶ̤ңңֱϵĽݣԺظоԼ̤Ͻݵһ˲䣬ܴЩռ䲨ԣڽԽԽԶʼܵĿռ䶼ʼģ
ǽнֶΣݲһ̤ݣֱܹνĲˡ
͵˫ϸС۾Ҳ¶ЩɫнֶѾǺܾûмˣȻ˵صĽн粢Ľн磬ҲܹӴġ
ͬʱ⴩ܵĿռģʱƺѾǼ򵥵һϣܵĿռ䲻ϵط仯ԼֹƻĵĴʱüҲԼۡ
ģһֱǰߡ
ȻڴʱӵĻĶ𣬵Ҳ˹¾ݵĹ֮ˣغһ׵е󲽵ǰš
ܵľɫģޱȣͬŤĿռ䣬֪˶ãһ˲֮£Ǹоһռ䣬ģľɫ˲ʧȴ֣ԼһƬɽҰֵС
ǡ
Ϊ㵵ɨܣֶʵ۽磬Ȼ˵һռ䣬Ҵ˵صΪŨǷ磬²ʧΪһĺõط
ǲڵĵط
صָһƬɽҰ֣ɫʼڵҲԼرð粻ѡ
ţĪʲôΣգ
ڵ鲨ҲüͷȷʵžޱȣͬһƬû̵ɽ


324 ľ
ֵҪȥ;лҪһؿĿ顣
ƳһؿÿֻһͨҪٵʮ˸ľܵĹֻҪܹľܣܹ˳ص󡣡
ľܣ
ɵһʵʲô
Ԫŵܹ֮ѸٵسΪ۱ǵİĲһĹ֮ԪŵĴʼó֮ǿ֮ľܾػؾģһʮ˸
ӵԼ֪ľƺģֻǣƵǿܣǳ˺ġ
ʲôĿܣܳܵס˶壿
ǿôľܡ
ҲȤ֪ԼֻΡ
ʵȥӦúܼ򵥣ҪСģľƬɽҰֵڵģҪͼҪݻٿܣΪЩľɶĴϣܹһ̺ѸٵظԭҪľǻЩľܣȻ󡣡
˵ӰҲ˸ǰһ䵭ĻһˣԽڲ
ӵӰֱӵû棬ֱӵʧˣҡҡͷҲЦߵҲ̫ˡ
ѵ̸ôûɱ漣ˡðֺԴһۣռ˱˼ҵı˻ô֡
ΪεһֻǸ⣬Ҳġ
˰ɣ˫ޣҲһ¡ʱǸ˵⣬ϾӲԱߣõᱩߡ
аɣƺûжΪӳûͻƵ쾳
ʼ򣬶˫֮£о̫ڴȻһ㾳ͻƵ
㻹ô˫޵ĺôȵ쾳ʱˡ
ߺߵصûô޳ܵˣӿĹǣЩҲǲ򵥣ûжãȴһЩ
ȵ٣ЩǸϲĺô
ϣ˰ɡ
𲻿÷صҲǿʼעǰƬɭ֣Ŀǰ֪ľǣҪԽɭֲܹǵֻ֮УԼҪԵһЩľܡ
߰ɣҵҪʶһ£к˲֮ҲǹһЦ粽ֱӵûɭ档
Ȼڽɭֵһ˲䣬˫΢УϵѸǰţȻûзʲôȴŸоܵһ˿ѰϢƺʲôԽɭ֮һֱԼԼԽԽ룬ЩоΪǿң
ԼĪƬ֮͵ͣ˽ŲʱɭһտطɨܣǲĪϢΧһΧȦ˼ǰС
ৣৣৣ
ƿȻشһӰ͵ش˷׷׵ܡ
һʮ˵Ӱ΢΢ɨһ£ʮ˵ӰʵͨɫӰͬȫľͷɣֻϲҰ֮ģеֵǣЩľܲûκεվͬǺһ㡣
ľô
۾΢΢һУҲע⵽ˣЩľΨһֵעľǵ˫ۣƺĳʯγɣϵĲϴΪͬ
ô
ȻЩľȴؿڵΪؽӲΪԾ
˶ֶ֣θߣҪܷǺܼ򵥵ġԱ߽͵
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ǿܣֻôһˡ
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Ҫݻٲ֪ǺεȾǿľܣҪľǣѸٵػЩľܣȻǻûлָ֮ʣҵ
չ˶ʮ˵ľҲӦû˿ĳɣȻЩľǷ˹ƣʮ˵Ӱͬһʱȥ
΢΢üò˵ľǹ˵ģȻжǿʮ˵ľһѰҲмܡ
ЩѵǣʱûѰҵľܵ㣬ֻȹ۲һᣬǰľ֣ܳ崫һҰݸõĳζͬһʱ䣬߿еʯ΢΢˸һ£ȻǷֿǶȣл
һĻ֮˲ֲĸоľܣƺܹԤԼλӶԼγ˼л֮ƣԼζ㣬վǳЩľܵĽ
Щľܲ򵥰΢΢̾صȻվǿܣ಻һ޷ٻӦ䡣
߿ܿƷλվǱһ߿ܵĽȻоǣЩľƺʮֵؼӲ
һûлǻһʯôһȭȥȻֱӵغʯҪ֪ʯԼĪŰ˸ߣȻľֱӵغ飬Щľӵеƺɼһߡ
ˣЩľǿǼӲ壬Ƶļӳ֣޼᲻ݣûκεĶάּǿܵʵ
£Լ˹Щľܵص㣬ԼƵһ㣬Щľܸǿǹ̶ˣ޷κεǿ
뵽Щľܵص㣬ҲԼ뷨Ȼ˵ĻԼ赣ˣֻҪЩľӲӲԼӦòǳԴֻҪڽֹ֮УѰҳľܵ㣬ܹһ»Щľܡ
ΪЩľܿǿͨ˵صָֹػָֻҪԼѰҵľܵ㣬ôȻܹǳ׵شݻ٣
֮˵޷ݻЩľܣΪ޷׵شݻ٣ֻҪԼа취ҵ㣬ô㹻׵ؽЩ˵ľܡ
Ȼʱľܵĵһʧ֮󣬽֮ģȴΪ֮ЦΪڶĹƣľһĳ֣
ľǲϵԼ߶ƺڷֹԼѣһĻţԼһǶľܵĹƣôһǾŸ
ڴƣյʮ˾ľһ֣
е㼬ְСӣѰҵЩľܵ㣬Ķǽģһǵʮ˾ľһ֣ôǲֹۡ
صЩľܵҲ̫ˣȻַʽ


325 
һʮ˾ľַ¸ûκζأֻӲ
Ȼʱ˽⵽Щľܵôܻʮ˾ľӲӲѰ·
Ȼʱ䲻ˣһ߿ܣһξǾž߿ܣһΣʮ߿ܣ
ԼĪ²ţԼļ޿¾ʮ߿ˣһ֮ǰ޷ѰҵõЩľܵ㣬ôԼͻһǡ
ģʱ䲻డ
Ҳǰһȴûκεķɣǰ߿ٶǿ粽ֱӵطܣղŵ֮̽Щľǿ֮ڿܵ壬ֻҪԼ֮ŽӴǻΣա
һεض߿ֽܵμٵرʮףе㼱ٵɨܣϣٶľܼս֮УһοɾǾžľˣ
޿κΣһֱڹ۲Щľܵ㣬ûκη֣ЩľͨͬľͷɣȴޱȣԼ϶޷֮ӲӲǳԿֻԼ
žľ𽥵ٶȰΧһӱϾɫأĻˣһǳʮ߿ֽôǷӦܡ
עһЩܵ˫
ȻʱȷͻȻس֣ͬҲڹ۲ЩľܣȻ˵ǱȻע⵽һЩʲô⣬Ҳֻˡ
žľ˲ط˹ƣȻʱȴע⵽Щľڷ֮ǰǲ֪ʯγɵ˫˸һ£ĹâȻ᲻Щľܵ㣿
ⲻΪľܻͬһ壬Ѱҵ㡣
Ψľܵ˫һҲᣬ΢΢סһûѡǴЩľܽһΪЩľ֪ܵ󲿷ֶǱ֮ӲӶѰһ֡
Ƭ֮ѰҵһľܵΪգ˫ȭ޷ջأಽһָ͵ͬش̳һɫĻѸٵֶ֣סָݺݵصľܵ˫֮У
꣡
һϸ΢춸Ȼش¶Ц⣬Ȼûв´Щľܵ˫
ȻˣһľܵȭͷȴȻسĺ󱳣͵ȭͷķХɫͱ䣬ʱҪܿ϶޷ˣֻҧҧ΢΢ضһ¼һȭҪ֮
飡
һͳ͵شݶӦص˵ϣǵӴɳʮײͣ
һ˿ѪɫǱ΢΢԰ףǿеһסǷڲϵѪЩľܣղһȭҪǿɻҪԼС
Щһ湻ģ
ҡҡλεվһǵѪȻǳһȴû˾þɥ˫¶һĻϲɫΪˣǰһľܣʱ˫ʯԼǿ飬ƺʧȥж
ҲΪԼһ˷پóɫĻմȾϣʱһľܵ˫ȻظһɫȼգܿرǱ鲼ͷȻյĹ֮УľûаΪ
˵ûЩľܵ˫
һЦͬʱҲǰƳЩľܵˣǸ̬ЩľǲҪκεΪȴƫƫҪƳһ˫
һڽӴľ֮󣬸뵽һ㣬ȻѣԼͬҲע⵽˵ˡ
㻹ľʵģǿ壬ױȵ˫ܹߵλһʮ˾ľĻ쾳֮£ܵСҲ̲ס޵صЩľֻΪػڣȻ㡣
ȻҲǸŵ㡣
ô˵ЩľܿǶûав˰
һЦѰҵԸЩľܵİ취ˣȻʮ˾ľһ֣ԼҲǲ壡
ȵȣ㿴Ǿ߿ȼ֮ʲô
ȻʱۼȷɨӵˣǾ߱ƵľܣʱȻѾȫţһľ̿صض£ȷЩɫĹâ˸֡
ʵǹ֮ʣ뵽ЩľܵǿжʱСẓ̌˵ЩɫâЩ˲õĶ
ţ֪ˡ
Ҳע⵽ˣһ߿ǻ˽̿أȴŵĵطԼ˸Щâ
ʱٶ߿ܼ˽֮Уһʮľ߿ܣΪһǱ׵شݻˣ
ٺ٣ʮľ߶ˡ
΢΢һ䣬ǲٶηЩˣ
ʮľľܵĹƣνǼΪ𲻸˿ķȻ֪ڣɲԸٶȳЩľܵȭͷ
ʮľӰزϵش󣬶УڵķپǾתָųɫĻڲϵţʮľľ֮вϵشУÿһγ֣һľʧȥж˫Żȼա
ܿģƬյܹľܣĶǻһؽɫľ̿ض¡
ôʱսҲ΢΢شϾҪôľ֮ķѵҲĴһ񣬳ԿĿԼ
ɨӶܣľܴţҲ΢΢һЦǿһѸٵرָ֮еĳɫڲϵţͬһٶȴľܣӰٶ֮£ľܵĶȻֹ
һ͵߿ܵ˫֮вϵȼţνľܣǳ׵رݻˣ֪»˾ȵúϲ£졣
ԪŵĴʼֶľܣµԪű֮ʣҲܹƵЩľܣȻȴܹˣʵ˾÷˼
ʱǿʼЩջٵľ֮ѰһЩЩке֮Ūһ֮󣬷ЩľܵڶһЩɫ״ˮĶ˸оǣЩ״ˮ⼫ΪŨ
ԭˣЩľܵˣĲ򵥰ϸضƬ̺Ҳ̾
Щʲô⣿оͦӡ
ţʮ˾ľܼĻЩɫ״ˮҲ٣һƶװ£ŨЩɢ
Ȼ֪ʲôǣ϶̫򵥣˵ûкܴô


326 ۲
ʵ廯Ψ߲ܹ֮ͨ۳ɹ壬Ҳ²ӦЩľϵƵá
ϸ룬ǻĵҲΪʲôЩľܣܹܵ˺Ѹٻָԭԭ򡣡
ڵƿЩľѸٵմ˵صطΪŨۻ֮£ЩľڱǲЩᾧ
ķ޵ʵҲȷˣľϵźܴĹϵûǵƣЩľܸԶԸһҿҲóû𣬼ΪؿЩľܡ
ǵǿϧˣҿԵõƵĻܹӳϡ
Ҳ¶һϧɫܹЧƣ²Ǽ֮ԼǴһεĻᣬӳѹ쾳ǿߣҲ£һٶȼӳֶص֮Ȼ˵ľһѸٵظԭҲӵ
Ժս֮УԼܵشҲƵָ֮ԭʱһЩ
ǵڴɱˣѾͷ˵ʲôʱȴǺٺһЦƺ
΢΢㵣Ҳ˵沢ֻһĹͬҲ似֮ĴڣܵػţҪõЩ似͵ñսʤܡ
˼˵ЩͬҲƵĴڣܴһƣ뵽һ㡣
Ȼһ£ػľܣƣôزܣûأߺߵص
ǰһ˵ĲôԼҪõƣƺлᡣ
ǾͻãƣұҪŪ֡
ǣҲǴע⣬ȲܣƶԼʮֵãԲܴˣ
ʱҲǿʼ֣ܿռٶǷЩ仯ǰԶ΢΢ŤֳһСƺͨĳĵһĻ΢һ£ҲǴ󲽵ǰ߶ȥӦþƵʮľֵ֮ĵ·ֱ
·̣ԼĪƬ֮ܿǿܵľʼϡǰһƵĺɫǳԼǰɫ崦Ƭɭֵ룬ȷʵ󷨴ڣɿΨͨľһ֮󣬲ܹ˵أ
⣬ԪΪҪĵط
ȵɫǰյأ־ȻһˣƺԼǵһ˵ء
⡭Īǵһľܵˣ
һԭΪӶŵųص˵أҲӦǱԼȵЩƺɭ֮УЩľභš
һ˵ģôȻǵһľܡ΢΢һЦ뵽̲סеԺ
ʱҲǿʼɨܵɫƣͨò֪ĺɫɣȻƺһģȻȴزɫܲ಻ɼƣǵȿµʱʱ֣ɵ
ɫ±һΪµĵطһóȻشȥ½Ǵ屾󷨣ʱѰ˸ܲˡ
ǰ˺ɫϹһң壬ƺ̺ĳζ¹ȥô꣬Ҳܹ⼸ܵһɶصƣ

ǲĴǽһȷͬҲǺɫʯţƺػߣľܵĿ˿Ҵ⣬Ȼʯ֪᲻ͻȻضһ߿ܡ
Ƭ֮ܵĿռٶȵЩĲ˳ˣ
죡
ĳ֣ɫһӵرˣ˫΢УֱŽ죬ͬʱ佣Ҳע⵽Ĵڣһ۵ʱ򣬲ɵ¶˾㵵ɫȻ˱Ҫ絽˵أ
ôܣ
һŽ龳ԲļһôܱԼҪ죿
ЩľжôѲԼΪҲǻ˲ٵĹƵľܣԼҲܵһƣȻеģƺѹûлѶĹ򣬾˴˵أ
ȻȴĪĬ֪ǰǴԼܵж߲ͼˣʱûʱ鷳ΪǰҲ½ͻƵ˵أʱ£Сӣͷȵѹȡʰ
ͷߵһߣ¿ʼϢԼڵƣϾԼҲڴľһ˲СƣҪΪ۷״̬ȥᡣ
ʱȴԼǷҪᶯ֣ѽ
ۺܼ⣬˽ڵƣȻأҲ϶ý첻ȫ֣ǸܺõĻᡣ
嶯ˣҲδĶ֣㶯ʱҲൽˣǲΪΧĶ󣬾ס
ȻʱȴǳֹǽͷѰ·
ڵ쾳ĴڣһʵĪ⣡
Ϊؼһ˽ֵĹУôᵼһЩⷢΪ
ȻΣҪľǲðգ
£һͺ֮£㱻ɱε͵ػȻƳһǴĽ죬ѹеɱ⣬㡣
ȷ侲ǲõ񽣾Ȼˣվ쾳ǿߣұȻŲɸ˵ֶΣԼûаٷְٵİգʱȥֻ֣Ҫ˲󣬱ȻлģǸʱг𱨳ԩԩ
ʵھָƵĽһֱΪͬҲǲһ˿Ϊ΢ɱϣԼҲʱ̵׼Ÿֻ֣ûж֣΢΢ذ
ߣʶ࣡Ȼҿɲջǲͼ
΢΢Цʱȷ𲻻ڶֵ֮²ȫ¹עؽˡ
ȻҲԼĴ㣬ʱһݲͼԣδزһ£Ϊ˲ɾĸͬΪһ˶Իݲͼ̫ԸɻţôɶҲġ
ŽиԴС̣ʱܿعȥˣڽ֮Ҳ½سֵӣԼҪ֣ͬҲǳ㵣ֻסû׷ʶѣ컢ųѪҲ̸ͬϵ
ԲͬˣݲͼǾۼ˲֮ǰ


327 ƱŮ
ʱҲǴӵվһʱѲָȬˣ֮ҲǻվɨӶˣֳȴ֮⣬϶ٶΪǱľܳ˲ٵĿ
ԼǵõĻᣬֻûˣҲվż˵λȻˣôشΪʲôҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
˵ǿûΪ󣬴ľܣҲҪʱġ
£컢ҲųѪһֱۣӵ˽˼ֱӵؿڴ˽ļƻЦǣΪߵľǽˣǶ֣ûп֮ᡣ
״̬֮£ȻҪѰһָ˵Ȼ˵Ǿ̫Կˡ
һᣬû뵽˾ȻֱӵطˣкòһջԼǳˣ˱ŲѰıڲ֮ǰǲа嶯
ϾҪеĲͼۼһ𷽿ܹȻĻȱһɣ
ûǻǰʱ֮һ鿪֮°ɡ
ʱҲǻؿˣڽСмһˣֻϻǵÿͿ˵
ò˵ŮƱĶǰǱķ緶
ɫû뵽˻ɲһͷʱ컢ҲƳһеľ֮ɫһЦݵֵ֪ܵΣ
΢΢һЦһɫѿĽҲٸп⣬ɵÿڵӶȻλȻҲ޴ӷ񶨣ǾӶԣϢʱ
¶ԣûаν˶ԣľһأûܵʧҲǲҪʱȥ컢ˡ
ĸ޳ɣǽΪˣҲ޿κֻԱ߳ĬʱĹȥ
컢ųѪҲץʱָڵƣӱϾͻƵ쾳ɹľһأȻ࣬ҲҪƣʱӱѻָ۷״̬
ǵһ
ڻָ֮Ҳ΢΢üͷ߹ѯʵ֮г˲˼飬ĪǻʲôƣǵľεѲʮֵԼһ룬ȴҪĸеš
Ҳ˵ǣ絽Ƭ̡һЦҲûʲô
ԣ̲סһ
еţϾĻ˱Ҫһ㣬ȻΪһˣȴͻľһء
ûʲôɵģľվǿܶѣңƿ֮ǡÿƶѣ
˵еΣʱӱǻȻƿصĻǳɫ棬Ѱ˲һ㣬Ϊ£Щľܶ⼸ԣǳ֣ǰȴûôš
ͬϣ컢ųѪˣּܹŽһս֣ܹ׵סǡ
ҲصȻԼ֮ô˵֣ܵС
ΪҪǣͻ쾳£ڣûвԵһơ
һ£ڹؼʱչֳ쾳ΪԵֵס죬ǿƾصܹ컢ųѪĻһεĶȡ־ڱС
콻ҿˣȥԸˡȷҡͷܾӵľ
㡭ô˲֪ôǶδҲǽĶ֣㻹ȥԸаաӼˣôľͷԴôԵ鶼ô
ڵң
ȴͻȻ̧ͷ¶һĨŹֵЦݿӡ
˵ôܵ㣬޲ȥҪҪ֣Ϊһ˵һ仰
ɫ±˿ǰȻ֮Ц⡣
̾Ů˹ƱͬʱҲƳһɫĽ죬Ȼͻ쾳Žأ㻹ǴŲ࣬ҲһӵһսʱսҲΪǡ
ӳĬΪִеĳޣҪֽ죬ȴû뵽֮£ǻԼ룬е΢
ʵ˵òûдԼȻͻ쾳粻ȹ̣Ը컢˻׿׿࣬˽죬¾׽ˣʱ䳤ãԼذɣ
Խ⽣Ը
̹ȻһЦĺˣҪƴս⽣Ҫȡ»ǲô׵ġ
ӳĬƬ̣ǻصȻִ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôעһ½һѽ
Ľʲôô
ԣҲüʵ⽣ܹɾ쾳ߣ׿ʺͱ˵ȻҲһԼı졣
ĽǺĸ֪˲࣬Ͼýˣˡ
ɫеصصǧҪעˣȻĽܹ֪´̽壡
ӵѣ𰵰УĸŹֽ˲࣬һ£˫֮ʣΪԸһȴûϵһѽȻش̳ǼֱǻҪģ
˵Ѿˣ컢Ѫ˽ӶԸȥӦ
ʱܿ͹ȥ컢ųѪҲǳʱָƣϢָ۷塣
ǿ鿪֮ˡ컢Ҳȵؿڵɨһˣݲͼȱһɡ
֮ſڵʯǱʱҪڼ̵ʱ֮ڴݻٵʯȻǽ޷֮С
ӵ˵ȻģƳһ˵֪λζԸʯ
ʯǰʯҲǻȻӵвͼ˲󣬵ҲҪʯǿʯĲȻӵҲ
û⣬ͼ󣬶ԿʯϣҪȥ󣬱ǻʯ֣ӦÿԺɵɡ컢ҲǳϾ˶ߣһ˿Сӡ
û⡣
Ѫص컢վͬһߵȻκηԡ
Ҳû⡣
΢΢һЦҲʼ򣬱ʾԣǽȫɫӦҲˣԭΪԼΪߣȵѹˣĿǰƺˡ


328 ʹȫ
컢ѪһƺһųԼһڲ֣ڽɲһ¡
Уý֮󣬵һǶһݣ˸һĨɱ⣬˴š
󣬽죬ӣ컢Ѫվǲ֮ǰ̧ͷͨɫ塣
΢΢˫˵ľۼƺҲͬӦһ㣬ʯ΢΢ضȻʯɣǶȴ˿ء
̤һɱ⣡
ͳʯдǹȥô꣬ǲԪŵơ
ʯΪزֶΣȻȥǻɣԪŵĴʼˣǸε˲ļһƾһƿ֮Ѿ۰һˣοлôྪ
ʯвȴûаѵһ£ÿ˵жǳһݲͼȻԼϵĲͼó֮󣬶ʱ֮䣬ͬӦһ㣬΢΢ţ屾ЩҲͬһ㡣
еĲͼƯ˲û֮УͬʱʯҲǳ׵ػ˹һ㣬ûκεףֱӵ˱
쾳
΢΢üʯڶֵһ˲䣬ȻһëȻĸоָоԼѾܾûгֹˣΨһĽ;ʯӵ쾳ս
ʯǰľܲһתȻܹ쾳ߵάֵʱ䲻̫á
һ۱ǿ˶ߣЩʯȫǿڵľתһ˵ĸɾôʯҲŰв
˵ˣǿҿʱޣ²ȵʯϵʱˡ
΢΢һЦ֮ʣǽ컢гѪˣȵضˡ
Իк˸ĳԼӭһʯѪ컢ԸһƺǽҪһˣϾֻ쾳ǿߣѪ컢ҲðæɴԼһ˽
ȥ｣죬ȥ컢
ӵҲ˿زɣ֪Ȼǲܻȥ｣죬ɴֱӵȥʱɲ׷޵£ΪҪǽ
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ŻʯµĵۼҲǣƺˣЩʯȻܹ̺쾳ľˣôҲǼ֮ܹ赲ԼĻ湥Ҳô⡣
Сֵܣٲ˽ɾͲˣóȫʯ컢һЦҲǻؿڵ֮еǱ˼ǣ˽ˣʲôֶξó
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״ҲЦһ£ڵķپѸٵת˫ֶǸ˳ɫĻ棬һͬܵĿռ¶ȶ˲٣ȻƺʮϵرŸӡ
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ʱѪȵطԼĽһȭֱӵغʯ֮ϣ˵ͳĺ¡죬һȭȥʯֹסغˣؿǰ͹ȭӡܣʼЩѺۣ֮һɭĵâ
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Ȼڴſһ˲䣬Ϊ׵ˣ˲ֱӱҪһ롣
Ȼȴһۣ˵ͷǻؽ룬ĳ̶ֳϣȥǸΪȫΪԪΪҪĵطܻûаƵĴڡ
ʵϣϣڽȽ֮˲رǱǿ鲨ԼǺ¡죬ö˵Ǵ֮ڵĽơ
βԼڽ֮󣬲ɵһڲȻģ
嶼ǿյģͬһһʯţȻÿһʯ֮ϣһżΪǿҵĹâţԼɼâ̺֮ĳ־ᡣ
ϷһͬյĹâţΪǿңûв´ĻӦþӴеҪѰҵĶ
ǲص칦
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ΪΪ֮עǣ߿ܵʱʱֵƣ̺İƺʱ޿̶մ˵ص֪ΪִԼԵ߿ܣĿܲһľܻʯԼƵǲͬ
߿˸źâ˫֮УһִоǾ߿ƺڳЦǼߡ


329 
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΢΢سɨһܷÿһ֮£һ߿ػţȻΪûȥЩܶǾشţû˿ĶԲ²óһҪЩʯϵľᣬЩܽ˲
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Ǿͼˣܲ򵥡
΢΢ۣܸܶصĸоͬԼһ㣬һͨûԵĿܣ
˵ľ磬ÿԼɳҲ˵Ŀܣܹս֮ѧἼɣܹһ㣬ʹø似ȿܲΪ£
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ԪŹȻ򵥰ȿҲܹƳҿֻһߣȻһҲ߳ȥ
ʱ۾˵ƺǿЩܵĲ
ܣѾгսˣûв´Ļʹ似תķʽΪأǿʯǱΪġǰܲöԸ
ķ̲סһĿܣֱǲ˼飬һǿߣ
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ⷬ£ʱõɫ΢䣬Ȼ֪֮ļƻ֮һΪ˵ĺϵҲװһɫ
СֵܣҪ컢ɫ΢΢ʱ˵⹦ڿЦô
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Уǲ룬Ǿ
Ȼʱ̬ȴǿޱȣ֮еɱҲ˲رӿֱ֣ӵ
ȡڵĲͼҪͷ룬ǾԲܣ
쾳Ʊڲ֮ڵ˶΢΢һڣ˵ĺë
ڽʱעӣһּΪĸоҲǲη壬ΪЩǲԼֵģ׼ȷ˵ûеõǲ֮ǰǶǶԼ֡
вң
ҲǲʾͷųԼƣ΢΢Ž죬ʱԱߵ컢ȴûκζΪܼ򵥣𲻹ô˵һǱڵв컢ûаճôȻҲǲܵá
𲻲뵽ᣬǶȻвͬڽҲһв
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죬Ȼ쾳ǿߣҪƴаٷְٵİնԸô
ǣӳŵɫŽеĵο컢Ͳýء
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غһҲǻջƣɨһ컢˵ȻǶҲҪ󱻱һѣʧҲֻһ
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ҲʼܸΪеȤܹϸع۲һܵĻԼŲٵĺôȻǳɹƳ˵ڵľΪ߶ܹ߶Ƭ̡
Ƭ̽ԷôԼͻһǳεľ棡
Ҫ־棬Ψһİ취øΪǿ󣬾˵ģУԼֻҪ´ɣ֣ҪԼľȥά
Ĳǲô
Ⲣӣ˵ǲӦǷǳĴڣȻҲδŹŪֵĻΪ»һָΪµٶȱǣ
ĬƬ̣ǻصǻʳҪⲿҾܹȡ֣ҲȻɱ֮
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һεĹᣬǻʳеϵԼһ֣෴Լǳ鷳Ǿ龳Ϊ޷ʳȻҲԼĴ㡣
˵ĵ˾Լѣ
һεᣬԼܹӣɾشڣ
ฮԼһг޵ԴͷôܹⲿฮС
ô룬ҲԱгɳΪѸ١
ҲǸ̾ԹջܹĲǷǳѵãοͬ㣬뵽ΪԶ龰һ˸仹Ǳų֮ˡ
ΪοȻгųޣûбɱԼģΪ߶ԣһֺǿĶԲǳԡ
΢΢һЦԼĿǰҪģǾǾԲڵõⲿ
ȻʱԽΪ׵ȴҪܣΪػģҪȡĹ
΢΢ƳһˣҲǳȽܣȻȥǹΣ
ȻһΪˣȴԶԸܣҪ˺ԸɣԹߣǷֳһ
ԭԼĴ㣬Ҫ˺֮ʣֶΣֽˣԼܹǽ˳ضȡУȴǳ


330 ֲ
Ȼڽ˵ʱͬ컢ųѪҲıźʱ֣֮£Ȼÿ˶ŶԷһƽģ˿ñ˿ʲô
ãԣܡ
컢Ҳǳ۽Ƴһ𣬲ô˵Ĵڶÿһ˶һǱڵвκʱ򶼵עһȻԿĿɾԼˣ˶
еĽգȴ˵Ϣ֮£˲رĵӰǻģӰӶȻرȥɫӿ֣ͬĵɫһƥݺݵض˵ܣ

ȻԲõˣҲѪ˫ƺɱű䣬񣬾Ѱ˵ľ
ͨɫǼ両ЩâһЩƽ֣һҲ˽ӲĲȻԵýӲϵԽԽ貣ܵĶȻˮû˿ͣ١
һͳŭܿбȻʱԽΪ׵ĵٶȻܵһӰ죬ƺǧʯ㣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ܵƾ֣Ȼֲ˹һ쾳ǿ߶޷˵ˣ
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âĺɫֱۺݺݵڿл˲ƿϣǾ޴ȭͷֱӵسŽȥֶΣҺ֮⣬ܵȷǲ
һǳſޱȵɱ⣬Ϊ֮ĿϵƸΪеȤˣһܵǿ֮ڿܵƲϣӡ֮ϵͬҲǳҪֻ֪֮ˣûκΰ취շܣֻ֮ܽϵơ
ǿ壬ԼǾ˵ٶȣԶԶس˽֮У߱Ͼ쾳Ĵڣսνʮֵطḻ׵ԼɫҲ΢΢һкһһѳϢش̳
һȻûκε鲨ûУȴ޷һԶսҲ΢΢üһ͵ϮԲ⽣滹м¼ġ
䣡
ǺɫȭͷȻһһ쵱У貵Ļ𻨣ȻǽɫȴȻؾ䣬һǿޱȵ˲ӽݶأֹסغˣһ̤ڵ棬˲һޱȵĽӡ֮£Ǻ岽ѹȥǹǿ
زĿܣȻҶ޷濹⡣
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ְɣڵʲô
һǵѪҲŭһеĳٶȻʱҲת˶ˣڣ˽Ŀꡣ
У˲ӰϵؽԼ֮ƺγһΣ汸ܷУɫۻƴӿ֣ÿ˶ʩչΪµ似Х֮ݺݵغܵϡ
Щõܵϵرֳ貵Ļ𻨣˵ĽֶΣõΪе⣬ܹܶмܵĵزԿó־ܹѹܵʵҲǽѹƶѡ
ܵĴػƳܵˣ϶к֣ҲֻǼع
ЩһĽͣʵȴûиɰ˺
ʱҲǴһǷ˵ͷȷͬԣʱܶ϶һЩۣ֮ûаʵӰ죬˵Ҫݻˡ
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Ǽ䣬еĳ΢΢ͣɫҲͬˮһӿ⽣֮ϡ
⽣Ҳǽ淢˱仯Ĺ֮£͵رͬһѾ޽ܵĿռҲ˸ֳЩһǿ鲨˲ϯ
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£һۣҲǵ˵ͷʩչֶΣǣܣ
֪ΪΣ΢΢ͣһ£ƺǰ֮еĽ죬ƺע⵽Խвǰѽ鲨оһвѪ˫΢΢˸һ£±Ƿһͳ
䣡
ֱӵһȭ˵֮ϣһɺɫΪģѸٵ;һЩʯһ㻯˷ĩɼһߣ
ܶȻطɫҲǱþæسˣβϵ˸ҪǺɫɢ
Ҳܵ»ڿΧԼ˺ˣѪ˫΢΢˸һ£ݺݵ̤ڵϣ˵ͬһöɫڵ˰գƬ̹ǳ˽ǰ
ǳǿԼӴͣڰƬ̣ȻҲǳûӳԼȭͷȭͷ֮ϹâһţȻǺغ˽ţ
ܱĶϾͼӲޱȣǿǱһȭУ½Ҳû˿Ŀԡ


331 ֮
Զ𣬴ʱ¶ɫܵ˾˲õǿߣܹúʶĿܵȳ̶ȣӵеֶξǳԼ
ֻȴǿǽ죬۽΢΢Ƴһ۽죬Ҳҡҡͷӽ첻㿪ĻȻһԽĴ³
ȻʱͬӶҡҡͷʱһֱڰյĽȴǶȻ˫ۣоâ˸Ǳӿ鲨
΢΢㵣Լ̧ͷɼü֮両һģĽαǡ
ŸΪ͵鲨ϯ½΢΢һֱܴӵرܿһ̤ͬնУӰڿ˸Բ׽λãеĳҲǲϵţΧĿռ䲻ϵسϸ΢
֮£ζȻͣȻʽˣ
ǽڵϢȻرܹ׵ڰ֮ͣΪ֮㵣ͬǶΪϤӵ˸ǲһľ֮ɫƬ̹֮˲ǻعһۣԿеء
ǿ˽ǿµϢǳԽѰĸոͻƵ쾳Ȼ֮컢ųѪǴ쾳żվǻ⣬ͬȵľ龳ԲǿٶѣҪسΪ쾳ǻǷȱ١
ӴʱԿƺͻƵ쾳򵥣Ϊ˽Լͣڰ֮Уκε
⼸ΪԵĲ࣬ոͻ쾳ˣҲһ㣬쾳СɵĴڷܹ
ڻʳ½쾳νһˮ룬˶쾳ܹԼܹͣڰգܹǱΪ쾳㣬Ϊոս쾳һ㡣
쾳ȴѵˣ컢ԣͣˣȻûпͻƵĻᣡ
쾳ǿߣڵ飬Һ壬̶ܳȣȫǾ龳ģԲھ徳Ĳࡣ
ҲΪʲôӵˣҪͻƵԵʣ
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ȻʱΪ֮֮ʣ֮ȴǴһͬװĺʱ΢΢ƫͷƬ̵Ĵ֮ͬһ㣬ȻƬ̣ӿͬˮ鲨ӿ֣һĹȰǵһٽ㡣
䣡
һ̺ǿɫģӰӣ԰֮һš
΢˫ȻǵӰӼ죬ϳ˾ǽǰĸֻһεٶΪˣҿ۵Ĺâƺǽʵʻһ㣬ɿµڽ֮ϣټʩչʽļΪٶȣ֪һεĿֲ
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ԵĳܹĶȴҲûκΰ취
ò˵첻Ϊˣ¸ղڽ֮ʵİλþƺõģһһҲ̲סΪĻе̾
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Ϊ쾳ȻԼĽȻͷȴһ߿֮ϣܵ˲ٴ

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ЩһҪùˣܵѸٵرţûв´Ļڵܲܣ
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˻ˣδ֪ųһװ컢ͳѪȻƣܣһһתԸԼ֮
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ȶɣһҪˡ΢΢һЦҲҪСĶС
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Ȼǽ֪룬һ쾳ǿ߱ΪһСӬ֪ǱѪ
ι˵㻹װʲôʱٲⲿˡ
ȻʱҲǻתǽǱ߻ԲѵĽ죬ΪƺҪѿ
ꡣ
һЦ⽣ҲеɰΪԼֶܹùô
ڳֲСô벻Щ˵ΪˣЩȴûǻˡ
컢ųѪһҲ΢΢һЦվǹ׷ʱȴԴͷˡ
ʱһֱװԵĽҲǰͲסˣ˵ЦӸоģͬԼǰһ㡣
컺˫һ׺֮鲼ӣվȻǰƣһĵҲ޹شš
û֣㵹Զˡ
˺⣬ֱӵһһرƽеĸѡ
ŽģҲʼ򣬴ӽԪżʼ֪Ž֮֮һζԾһεĶԾΪǸ轣л߳ȥҲųȥǰĶȡͼ֮£Ϊż˵ĽԹʼնһܹ
һý뿪ԪżôԼ¾͵ڵȫ׷ɱˣ
ȻԸȴû޴Ҫһ֮ڿ⣡
֮䣬ֻܻһ
Щѵǣ쾳Ľ죬ȴδа־⣬Լ¶һĨȵս⣬ֱ仯õý΢΢üǺηʥʱҲֵԼ˵


336 ս
Сĵ㡣
ʱҲΪһ𣬱Ͼô˵쾳ǿߣ𲻹Ǿ龳֮սԼҪԸ컢˸Ϊ֡
֮ӵӰȻرȥֳų컢սһ𣬰鲨ϵص˫Ĳ࣬ƺһʱỹǷֳ
΢΢̧ͷŽ죬ЦҲÿʼˡ
ҽ²֮㵽ԺηУ
춶˶еĳһ԰ɫ˵˵㣬ȷ
װʲôװ
ƲƲ죬ҲҡҡͷΪװʲôȻȴغһޱص˵ĺһĽһ֪ұǸ㣡
һ˲䣬ڵϢӿرתһĨ˵⣬һһգұ֮˵ֵϢͷ֮飡
׽һ¡ڣ
ôеϤȻȴһʱûа취ǵȳ֣ûʱȥ˼ࡣ
ϣпɲҪ˵ʲô֮
£ҲЦȻţɫҲǲɵñøΪɭ࣬һнյĸ΢΢زһ£ʹâƵѸٵס˽ƱøΪرˣ
ĸ
죬ٶδ˿ԼŽ֮Ĳ࣬ڵۻޱȣԼսɻռݼıˣˮ©һȴ绢
΢΢̧ͷپȻˣɫĻӿ֣ųɫĳ֣֮ڵ¶ȴ˲٣һνǳ׵رеûаأǵ͵ƣ𷽲ŶܸΪǿᣡ
ʱ򣬲ʵ
龳Բľ磬쾳ľЩۻý첻ɵһ
ģôоһֱǿˡ
쵱½żأЩ룬ڽԪż֮ʣԼǸܹϢǾ龳ɶѣǷ֣ܽҲûеı绤Ȼ֮£ǲܹӭԼ²Դı֡
ʱԱߵսȦ֮У𳹵ױϢ컢Ҳ΢΢һΪŹֵؿһһȻֱøǿˣҲҿԼ潻棬Ļ¸Ϊ֡
˵Ĳ
Ѫص龳쾳һĲֲ࣬ȸոս쾳ˣ쾳ÿν͵һϤϤĵزȻֶĶ࣬Ҫܽ죬ǳ˵λ
ҾǻǽעԼսȽϺá
Ȼʱȴ΢΢һЦμٵرƽʩչȫǶˣҲû·磬سϣ֮У𽥵Ӧ쾳սʽԼʽøΪسԣ
𿴼ǵ˵Ľ죬΢΢һЦָᵯ£ƳɫĻһּٶȱƿ֮ǳ֣ɫǳڽǰ
Ȼȴеĸ˸º󣬾ؽЩɫĻ£Ȼɫȴδõȥڵֶ֮ƳһԼĸȻڷմȾǳɫĽһЩ΢΢ڵĺۼ
йŹ֣
вɵǸһԼĸѩɽɣڵĳΪԼɣȻֻƷһֱ޼᲻ݣƷеļƷ
ȴǳһĻʵһݵǵȹŹֻԼϣֻǺεȵĿ¡
жļɵΪŨ࣬ȻʱȴǻͣǳһĨЦƽ
ؿ߹𣬸ԶԷڵǿƣĸƣɵý˽˫ض𽥿Ȼں߿ԼܷԲʮ֮ʣ׽һͳĺڵۻҲͬϽˮӿ֡
ƺݺݵ̤ڵ棬˵ӰͬǻһӰеĸѸٵۣȴǽ洫ĳԾ˰գеĸƽһߣ߶΢΢ɫ飬ȥƺںһ
ưգ͵ƿϵ쳹һ˿زСӡ
쾳ǿߵһȻǼӲʯҲǵ飡
չ˺ƷĽ죬ҲǴδŽ潻棬෴ĽżڵϣӰѸٵغˣٶ֮죬Ǹ˵Ӱ
ⶸȻļ٣õýһȴգɫһͻȻٶȣҲǿһģӰһţѹܹܵռˣٶʵǺ˾š
龳ǿߣȻӵȾ˵ٶȣ
оɲٶĪȻȴ룬еĸȴǺݺݵضһ£תһĽǶȱ̶ȥ

ĽһĻ԰֮вϵس֣һͬ˸Ĺĳմ̳ϵŽеĳһͻȻֵĳȻԼؽеĸѹȥͷ
ȻҲƷ
һӴаԾĵӵܣҲδܹóһƷΪý쾪㵵ǣӽϴݻĻڶԼط飬׿ƷԵʣҲ𾪣
ý벻͸ٶȳԼҲ˿ԼһﲻǾ龳ѣȻܹӵȱ֣ʵڿ
ȻǲὣеĺȻеƷ˳ɫĻ棬ڽȻóƾŹ˵ٶԼ˵ȻȥԼΪռϷ磬еĳֵĽǶȴ̳Ȼȹ֮£쾹ȻԼ¶ƣм֮ƣ
ô˵վ쾳ǿߣͬ籩Ĺƣܿס
쾳ΪʱƾȻ˳ۻԴԴϣȻܹʼؽǵ͵Ĺƣ𽥵һ˽࣬󽣾Ҳǿʼչҵķ
ĸϵػȥͬǶ߰㣬ÿιĽǶȶǵĸصС˼ɡ
ͬһĲ֮УŽӰϵӹһһɫӰϵΪµĲÿһα֮ĶһɼΪԵɢ֮ʯϵѺ۱鲼档


337 û˷ʱ

ųٶһŽŭĿӣһ͵˳ȵƷӿ֣â˸ͬҲǲʾӲһƣ鵱±ը˵˺
˺ĲȻȴ˺岽
ٶԼռϷ֣Էô˵쾳ǿߣԼܹһزǷǳزˡ
𱻱岽֮࣬ǽҲǳһĨЦмصվ֮ĲҲԣ
ԣΪȻڵķپδֹͣתۻ鲻ϵھ֮ߣԼṩΪǿһ͵̧ͷԼŻеƷ£ȵڸ˵ƺе磡
֮Ӱ˲رһѸԹȻÿһ̤£涼ǳһĽӡȥ߳
һôϢڱǿ
ɫе䣬ʱϢһֱδͣое㲻˼飬ĸо͸컢һ磬쾳һߣ컢ΪµǣǵȲֶΣڣҲǲҰٷְȷûκεˡ
ʱƶԣѾ޵ؽӽ˽죬˾ϵĲ֮⣬κһ棬ܹŽ첢磡
Ϣϱ仯õǱߵսȦ޷ƽȻڶս˼Ƿߣǿ֣ΪǵԤϡ
ν鷳ˡ
컢ųѪһۣǺϻ֮ܶʱܹԷҪ˵ʲôȻѪҲǵ˵ͷʵǵ㾳Ĳ࣬Ķ֣
ɣ첻Ƕ˾ѸٵسˣԸһǶޱˣټһ𣬻Ҫ
Ѫú͸Ȼ⹦ҪǶڶ˶ԣסԼҲΪҪҶԼĴｻҲԭͻȻֵ𣬿»ڻʳеϵһЩ
ʱĹȥŽ֮սδǷֳʤ෴øӵذȻ龳ƾڵķپԼܹ⽣죬ýкƣδڵǣֳʵܴ󲿷ΪԭȻľһأʱ־õսԣ෴Ϊ
ʱòϵǣԼ𣡴һʼ֣δӣȻ־˱֣Ѿ𽥵ؽԼͬȼĶ֡
ҧҧ֪ԼȻܣĻⲻܶԼǶڶһĴһฮĴⲿ⣬ԼڵõⲿٷฮĻڶǵõĪĺôԼҲǵõĿأӴԺƽƣ
뵽һ㣬иΪǼһƳһҲǿڵû˷ʱˣʶһʲô쾳ǿߣ
ӹһĨݣɫۻͬϽˮһӿ֣ǽԼȫУȥһŰɫĹţڱ棬黺ţɢ쳣ֲĲ
Ҫ汾ô
״Ҳ΢΢ͣ¶һɫǰߣһֱδиֻжϣǷǽƣ
ɫĹ΢΢Űɫ飬ע֮£֮ڱһͳĺ
еĸѸٵش̳Ȼĸÿһδ̳һӰ֣һνٶȷǳؿ죬һգ۵ĹĽӰȴǰһƬռ価֣˸һ£ӰҲǿʼ˸
˸źâĽӰڽۻӳ֮£ƺÿһӰжɽҵĿӰ𣬽ŭһһǰĽӰǾֱر
ʱ֮䣬ƿϵسŲΪ̶
Ӱǳ֮࣬һпԿóۻ̶ȣܹʱ֮֮ĽӰ쾳ĸ֣ѹ԰
ǻѰˣ˵Ǿ龳ȴڣ͵Ĺ֮£һʱԷӳȻȴδκη壬սɲڳκһ٣ټڵķپתѾܹ߱⽣ʱ
ˣ½Ӱܼͬȴδκε벽δУѸٵ۳ɫĻ棬Ǵ߶żӡ
ƽ·ʩչһμӡеԲӵ˫֮ԼڵøΪۻ룬ȫܹ֧ʩչμӡ
ӡһµѸٵһܹݻһеƳֶӡδ٣ǵȾѾõֱӵѿһĿĵѺۣ
ڼӡܵĳɫ棬ͬһ㣬Ĳ֮²ϵصǳĽӰһ𣬶ʱ͵죬ͬһʱЩȻҲ˲ٽӰ
ӡȻؽ٣׽һת˲ĹеĽӰǺΪһ壬ĸøΪһڶ֮ƴ̳ʱ֣һֱӵشţ
ǣӡȻر仯һ£ǺȻµļӡȻر̺Ŀ𽥵ɢ׵ûһΪΣյĽӰ
ͣ
żӡıҲǲʾŭһеĽӰޱȣǼӡ໥һȻʱɫһĹڰ֮гˣеգ޷ֱӣ

ͺһǰɫǱӿݺݵرը촫һۿɼѸٵشӰ֮ɢȻʱڵսȦһرƷѾγһĿӶʯڰ֮з衣
һεĶ֮£νǼΪգߵսͣԶ˵սܵʱ˶ǼΪĬûм֣ӻ컢ˣڹȴŽ֮ս
ǽ˴˴εʤô컢ųѪŻᣬ˽죬ô컢ųѪǺ޳ɣתˣȻҪӮΪѡ
Ҳǳסһעųе޷ְæ컢ųѪԱ߻Լ޷˲ˣȻҲ޷ԼԲս
䣡
Ƭ֮һӰݺݵصֱӵײǼӲǽϣһѪɵǸһĨɫΪǵӰȻ


338 Ѫ
ʱɫΪ԰ףմѪ˫ȴը롣
ȻǳԿˣ˲ٵƣͬҲõȥ
űʹԼڵƣһò˵컹ͦǿģԼҪзĺ޻֮
Ͼͽ֮䣬һ󾳽Ĳ࣡
ǼһҲûʲôˣֲ֧סǾͶɡ
ʱѵˣҷپ֧ս˾ĲվڣôսȥԿĲѣǽǿĵƣ
˵ͷһпҲǽѹֶˣͲˣĽ컹ܹùԼƵ
Ȼʱը룬ʱƣǷʯҲ𽥵£𽥵ƽϢ貵ĹâڣʱһӰ룬ģɼ
׽ǿʹעһӰӵҲǲ⣬սǵȳ̶ȣʤϾҪֳ
һƻҳӰɼʱĽνǱ֮һãӶǱѪմΪ컢˾㵵ǣеһĸʱѾǲѺۣʱҪһ㣡
ƷƷȻˣ
컢һʵ̫ˣеĸҲȻȴ³ɼղ֮սǶôؾˡ
һѵ춼ƷôǾ龳ȴȾ˵սվһۣ
ѪǾ̾Ϊⲿ˵ʲôΪУеĽӣܹύȿǱˣѾһֻԵ
Ȼеĵ֮ɫȴδκεɢ෴øΪأעһĽ죬ܹ轣ȴˣȻҲǷǳ𾪣Ⲣǽʵ֪һ컢˲֪鱨
Ǿǽǵõฮһʿ˵ָ㣡
㹻ˣǽ컹һΪµֶΣܹô
ʱ΢΢̧ͷǱĽ죬ӸһĨЦ⣬̧ͷǺڲףԺӲһĻк֮⣡
ЦǾľͷĽҲǻ̧ͷ̤ǰһѪϵص£ȻȴδЩ쳣ؼᶨеĸѺۣȴɽţĿ
ˣԭڵ
컺ؿڵ΢˻ƣŵսನ˼Ļᣬˣ˵ʲôǰʱฮҪһѣڲв棡
飬һڿɲ֪˶١
ڵûв룬ҲǴӼге֪һεжƺฮûеõҪĶΪӳ죬ЯฮҪĶƺϾ
ǵǾͺá
𽥵زɱѪ𣬾ʹ㿪ʼ
㻹̫棬Ϊܹҿô
ͣ½Ųһֿ𣬲صȻˣǾ԰ฮ
֮ڵѪծձȻڵᣡ
˸˿η壬ڲǽ죬ǽ;ƿݵ״̬¾͵÷ֳʤˣȻʤһ˵Ϊۣ
ԸһЦ΢΢ؾеĸǱ鲼ĺۼ૵ص֪ʲôĽô
׽жʱһĨΣУͬӵɫҲ𽥵رþ¶һ˼ɫ
ฮķٽһȻֽ
׽֪ฮλ˵õʲôˣ컢ųѪǲ˾ɫٽͬҲǳϤֻฮһžһ㲻ˣû뵽ȻǵõȴС
һˣûฮĹóȻʩչٽɱһǧ˰˰٣
컢ɬصٽฮľ˼壬ԼĽʩչһȻȰԵĽֻฮĹܹСĴʩչûеĻôĴۣǷǳأ
ܹõٽȻûпܵõฮķѡ񣬵ðգ
ٽûнĻô첻֣Ҳѱ
ڴˣҲǾ컢˵ĶԻȻҲûû´Ļ¾ǽĵƣ⻹һ˫нʩչ߱ͼΪ̡
Ҳ
Ȼʱ𽥵ػر˫˫͵ظһּΪ貵Ĺâͬһ㣬ĸǰȻŽϸֵĹâʼݵ˽֮ϣһȵϢʼȻͬݵĳɫһ㡣
ĸѣͬһȻȴǲΪֵ貹âʱͬһһưɫĻ㣬ռĸƬ֮ĸǱֹâ֣ǽ֮ϵѺҲǻʧ
ˣ
һɲҵϢʱ֣ڳԼִĸȼԼ󱬷Ϊǿһ
ˣҡҡͷȻǽ飬ֶΣý
һһڽĶУȻȴǺ޴ٶ˫ǱһְɫĹâռݣͬǰɫĻȴ˸о˺⣬Լƣסǰĸһްպ죬ް棬ֻһʱ֮棡
֮ĸȻâȵĹâͬյһգ͵˿̵Ľ˵Ϣеĸ϶Ϊһǽ
˽һԷĸΪۣԼڵ۳貵һ
ǿһϧˡ
̾˿ǰ޷һǱˣɲֹһеƣ
ͬҲУ
ϧҵĽһհɣ
쳤ХһӰȻ˸˶һ貵Ĺţ˵ĸоһѷĽ
Ƿ˹ƣӵ˶סһ֮󣬿¾͵ǷֳһȻǽܹ
ӲȷฮķٽԵޱȣʳܹ֮ĽǷëǡ
֪ΪΣĶڴΪĶα֣˵˸оǰһϣһҲ⣡


339 
컢ųѪһۣûǰ˽ǿѾˣʩչٽĽ죬ǳؿ£ܹÿֲݣһԲֵܹġ
ʹ𽫻һȻĻʩչһĽȻҲʧȥеսô˾žԵİܹȡǲǶԣһ£
ڽ췢Ƶһ˲䣬Ҳɫ࣬͵ҧӡʩչƺ׼ʲô
ʲôڵѾǽ޶ˣ֧Ųʩչκι컢׽е㿴ʱͼ
΢΢ؽҧ촽֪һƣƺҲҪˣϣܹŽ쿹⣬Ͼһ߿ԼҲۼ֤ƶɣô˵ҲΪԴȪȥ
ˣɣ
ǽٶޱȵѸ٣һգ۵Ĺǳͷ£еĸɱ⣬̹Ǳ䡣
˿Ϊ̧ͷû̧ͷеӡɣȹڵϣڵ޷֧ڼվ͵ڵϣ
Ȼʱʱͬһ˲ؾֹ㣬һǿޱȵѹ͵رǳͻȻһۿѨһ˲䣬һֻɫͬĳֱ֣ӵŽĳ
ʲô
׽¶ŵɫԼʩչ˷ٽ֮󣬾ȻǱ˿Уôܣ
쾳ԲҲ
Ȼʱȴǽ˫˵ڵϣǰȴǳһں۵֮еӰӰĳ֣֮ڳһ㣬һǿϢѹ˲֣
ͻȻֵӰǽ쾪㵣컢ųѪ͵˺̫ǿˣ
˵ϢȻǿֲ˹ǴѹǶη塣
ͻȻֵӰȫں֮УӶǱɫţΨһܹǣһ˫˸貹â˫ͬǿеķǣ΢ڰĲ֮УΪԡ
ɫأǰ˼ֱǿ£ԼĸףҲδԼѹ˭
첻ɵƳһ𣬴ʱͬԹȥһ㣬˾㵥ȹڵϣϢܹȡʱȻӰĳ֣ް취
ʵʱ𲢷ĻԹȥľϵһ޷Ķ飬ͨ˫
ĳֻǸɶвȻǽҲܹٶԼɰв
ԼľǿȣºѲ֧̫ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ԼҪڼ̵ʱ֮ڣնɱڴ˵أ
ӡˡ˭
ʱ컢е͵ʵͻȻǿߣǿе㳬ǵϡ
ȻһЦһĻҲȻǿ̹ԹԼܹ֧㹻õʱ䣬òñ֪һ߿ܣȻû㹻
ʦɣϾȾ֮˳û˰أ
һĨɫ˵ȷʦ
ûʲôˣһĻ컢ųѪСžŻǳ׵ʧ
ʦ
컢ųѪһۣ׽һ£Ȼʦѹ˵ǿϢ±ԼڽĸˣҲǲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ѪɫأһĻسϡ
Ȼʦˣô˴εԪż֮УѾûκڴˣǲҲȻ䵽ǵС
ʱ뿪ĻϣӴȻǽ˽Ļҿɲ֤˼һ᲻Ҳһˡ
Ӻǻ۲ɫ컢ųѪ˵ɫ仯Ʋ˵仯ҲƳһǲĴš
ֹܵͣתĽҲ𽥵ʧǽյĴٶɿļܹѴܹ֮ˣõġ
컢ųѪһۣ˴µԣûκε뷨Ȼֱӵתѡ뿪ֱĴŶȥ
ΪǺǻˣʩչ˷ٽȴʦ³ö˵
ǲȻҪǶ˸ԼСһʳ֮оȻǳôһǿĴڣȾȻûаϢ±Ҫ浽
һɰ
ӿǱӵӰɵǽЦϣȻܹƾˣⲻò˵ļıʵھˣȻܹжϵһ㣬ǲСӡ
ȻʱսȦߣɫѿΪԼΪǵӰɢѹȻֺܶ
쾪ֵؿǲƽӰһֿ־һŵζֻʵ벻ףΪλʳͻȻǿߣ
ɣ
ǵܶȻؿڣһ˻Ƶǳش̶Ȼʱ뽣ĶУȴ˵̿֡
ҧأҲ֪ԼڶԷﲻ޴֮һ㣬Ȼʱеĸ͵رѿһǿ͵رҲǽѿǹѹ壬ֱӵͳһɢŻɫâӡ
ֹڵıһʹˣżǿ˲˵أ
ӽȵȻǱϳ˴ʱеĶǺû뵽ϾȻȱҪֶ֪Ҳûм
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343 
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ػԺ֮еϢõǲΪķصһ֮ЧǳأֻҪֹ֮ˣչٶȶڳ˵ģеʧǣһصĹֻʺϾ龳µġ
Ҳ˵ⲿǶô棬Ҳֹھ龳
ֹЩ˶ԣȷһöѹฮȶҪϧһд۶Ҫõ⹦
һ£ҲǰңฮõⲿĻôܹڼ̵ʱһ龳ǿߣڻʳ֮УɾԻһе


344 ðһ
ⲿΪأҶû˵ԣܽо龳µ˷ܹаɣߵľѵûô
һ֮⣬ⲿҲǸеǳȤҲǰδţܹ֮˶ʱ֮Ѹٵ龳
ɫصص˵ͷ˵ûⲿһǵһڶ쾳ܹġ
еڶ
һӾ۾ˣô˵Ļôǡ
ûôףǴݸҵϢԪλʼ˸ģ˵ⲿȡżģҲԭڵĻʳ׷ɱ֪ڶɱǸʳػţڵû˼
ҡҡͷ֮׾ܹõⲿ죬»֪ǳλϹǿ֣ܹ֮׵ĵõ
պлĻҪǵڶõְӨ˸⣬ⲿʵ˲ãԲܴ
˵ɣһûκá
Цŵõķĵһ󣬶һʱ⣬ǵõǰδеǿʱฮҲ֣һӵд龳ǿǶôĿ£߸ʳҲûܡ
ȷ֪ʺԼҲ΢ʧҲǽעõ档
ͬҲǲ֮ãӦòѰ֮ڴĸߣᾡؿ֮ǲ֮ɫ
ᣬʵһ׸似Ҫ͵쾳
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ȴ¶һΪɫԪŹȻǲ򵥣һ似ܹΪɽ֮ˡ
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ԣһεԪż֮ͦģҲǸӵеҪԼͻƵ쾳ȻĻȥʳǣû֮أ
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죬ƺҪվû˵еڵΪװѲͼСӣûиͼԼͲ


345 
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غһȻʣҲûκΰ취޲𣬲ȴƺԼûκΰ취
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346 
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ת֮䣬ͷԺ֮ȻԾͷַҲ֪˵ǿЦǿɱ
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ȻӦĻôǶҲҪҵĹأԲףǵսΧʲôһΧ䣡
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354 츳
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˼䣬ֽҳһӣ󽫴󺺵ʬУ񣬱վ
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ɽǰ˫ˮĻӶţֺȻͬ˳˫ּתֳɫɫ
˫ҲǲͣİĳֹɻƶĶΧؼ飬ϵĶסĶ
ԴԼγ̫֣Լתŷʱ׽ĶԼڵתøΪ
ȻĽһ٣ϵĶҲͣˣĶϵѾɢΧҲƽ
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ҵƲ𣿣΢΢ǵһȥֵطˣȻ֪һЩء
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УĴͼҵǰӰõڣǰͻȻһ֮ҲվһߣǰһȺ֮˶ų
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ɫ𽥻谵ӶŵһԺ棬˰ӶǴ徳Ž׵ǿߣлжʮ龳νӶǿųЩˣɼԽжǱűɹ̬


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364 ĳ˱Ȼл
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˽ʲô֣أФʵ
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𣿡
Фһ˴ſһۣûио֮ǰǹɸо
þԹľ𣿡ФϻعͷһϽʵ
⡭ûûУΪ̫ˣСĿҲֻǴһʦۡ
ˣ߰ɣԺ㲻ʦˣ㣬ҲȥɣƻǹĹպ󲻵̤ǹ벽Фһ䣬˵
ҪȥأƳƳҲûʦ֮ᷢϸڡ
ҸطŰɡ
˵زģû̫ĵطȥȻԼıò۶ǿƣ˵ܿԼװ֮ˣΪ˱Ⱪ¶ԼûǲҪڶΪǵԼฮˣһƲסԼɱ⣬ǿ¾Ҫɱ֮ˡ
㲻ȥʦˣ˵ͷʵ
ǽܻᷢģ˵иʦһºУʱչ¶һ£ͿԽȥˣ
ЦЦڽֵĿĵţҪѰһ֮ĿջȻȴ֣ĿջǱˣϾ֮£ʦἴʼۼʦȻΪ


368 
Ƿܲסȥɣ
еεص̫ˣ۶֮󣬵һ㹻Լһ춼߲ꡣ
ȻʱȴǸоԼƺǱһѣûʲôоϾ̫࣬΢ײģһȴǸоһֻȴԼ΢һѰ˸ˡ
ȴĲˣǲɵǸһĨЦ⣬ԼС͵
𲻶ɫԼϵһСӣʮʯ𻹲ڣֻҪ£˭ô󣬻Ұ쵽Լˣ۽ƳһΪкӰԼ
شкƺΪѰҲΪأǸС͵ȴǲɫؽСкֱ˽ֵһСͬڡ
Ϊβֱ˸ǷеĹͷˡ
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΢΢һ£һܣںͬڲûһԾվ֮ϣȴǽͬڵڡ
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СкҡҡͷȻûü˵ȴǱһŸ߷ɣֱӵطɵ˲ԶϴСҲء
СӣԼͷţҲ˭̵ģޣ
⼸һվݺݵһŲкϣ˵ϵСӣ˼£¶˼Ц⣬ͷ˵Сƺ˸㡣
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Щƺеסˣһ˱ŭȵҲⱱ˭֪ʲôͷСǰɣ
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𿴼һĻҲҡҡͷСкȺʲôϵܣֻҪԼĶ
Сӣڶ˵ľģʲô֤ôȻЩƺʹ𣬿ʼ¶޳ܵ
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૵صһȭͷЩ˵ǼֱɵӲ£ֻȭͷõĶ
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լУ۸ոɣɫ˺۵Скǵ˵
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˭
СкҲǵһΪЩ鷳ˣֻû߳ȥȴǿڵɫһӵرþ
С˭
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СﻹҶ˵ʲôֻǵͷ
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ޣСкȥª⡣СҲӺԵ
ûˣȻϻСʶķӦǿܳȥ
˿СıӰҲΪοһЦԼĶʲôʱʶȥһ˵ˣ
㵽ôİԼҲûȥˣʲôСͣɫΪ
͵˼ҵĶԲûôɱ˸ղҪҳ֣ϾͲֹˡ
΢΢̧ͷǴСɨӶú˲䱻˿͸ĸоڡ
СҧҧҲͦʶʱֱӵؿڵҴԲ𣡵Ҹףʲô


369 ҵӰ
ǸԸ񡣡
⻰һһǳǳĻȣ΢΢ƳһС˵˵ǰ¡
Ҫʲô
СʱԼǰ֮¿Ѱ˶֪𵽵Ǻηʥ
㾡ܻشҵǣҪ㲻Ϊ㻹ܻŻؼң֮¶ѹʱõСԳܡ
СãҧҧҲͬҪ󣬽Լȥǵ
ԭСļǵ۶һ壬۵۶Ȼʲô󸻴󣬵ôҲǲģСүүฮ£СһฮһЩͬΪչأฮ֮µļÿ궼ҪฮϽһЩƸ
Сĸ׽ӹ˼֮󣬾ฮҪԽ䱾ฮ£˾ټǨ˱ֻฮ˲ŹǣǿжȡСĲҵټļ忪ʼ»·޷㡣
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֮΢΢ص˵ͷԭˣฮ۶ҲǼΪţҲѹ֣ѪӰ𽥵ؽͣฮΪ׵ļȻ￪ʼʳ۶ฮֻҪȻ淴Ҳᡣ
ฮô
СΪӪԵƫƵӣʵ
ȻС׽һ£ȭͷʶסȻܿʶԼʧ̬æɫƽصûʲô޲޵ġ
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ƳһֱۣӵתСԭء
СӵؿתȥıӰе⣬Ȼʱһ仰
ฮĻǾ͸ңȡĶⱲӶĻԵҽûгֹ
תôһ仰ȻСʱȴԭˣɿȭͷٶȱضıӰ͵ӿһĨΪǿҵͷԼҪ׷ȥ
Сӻô
ſļĵۿҪ߳СˣȻСûа㶯
ҰﲻʲôֻܸһܲܰյסͿԼˡ
С޹ʰæԼ㣬СĳֻǸպøԼƻһ֣Լ۶ҪһԼ¡
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ˣȵȣ
Сһﻹͦġ˶䣬غ˫۵
죬ʶʱպɾ͵СȥԳ޵ҲǿԵطŻԼĽŲС
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СǸ˾ǲһǿЯ㣬ĸҪˡ
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ˣ֪γƺ
һ£Сǰ̬ת࣬е㷴ӦҲǻ˻ֵɣʲô󲻴˵ġ
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СҰ㣬Ҳ޹֮٣Ҫûѵ͡Ǻɫôң
ܹҶʧȥĶţҲϧСҧҧ
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Ӱӣ
Сĥֵĺ壬ȻȴתȡԼʧȥĶС֣ڴ֮ǰӰӣҵӰӣ
ǰ棬ӳڵӰغһӰӣȻˣԼպӰӰɡ
һǰһĽֵϣʵ۶ӦúϤˣ
ţƬÿһСҶϤĲϤˡСʱӦǽӰӣش
ţȸһΪĿջ֮ĵطţһ֮Ҫμӵ۶ʦᡣ
ʼʵڱҲܹŵĵطˣ̫ˣеĿջΪ
ʦ
Ӱԣʱ㵵̧ͷеŵؿȻ֪ȻѰˣȴû뵽ʦ
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ӰҲļǵãԼļȻҲһʦȻһƷʦ޷ƣֻһЩͨҩǣƵļ۸Ҳֱȥ湺˶١
ţԵ۶Ϥ⼸ǴϤһµ۶ɣ֮ĵطȥתһתûӰ˼ͷˡ
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Ȼ߽ȥʱСջϰȴ¶Ϊ֮ɫ޵˽ʲô
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ջϰͿصͬʱָӰӣҲ˹ͬҲҲ֮ˣֻԼӰѯһ¡


370 ûʸҵ͵
ţУ֪үҪμʦģ˷Ѵʱ䣬ʯ㲹ǵģطȥɣ
һ棬Ϊ׵һṫӣȥΪмƳһˣҲֵضһʯĽŵ֮£ǵɫνǸڡ
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ȻʱȴһЦԼűߵǿʯֱӵضһ䣬ʱʯӦ䡣
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һʯУҸʯҹȥ
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쵰д֪˭ô
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֪˭
΢΢ǰһҵδʲôʵģżһЩƣӶΪԼԶС
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˵ĺ⼸۵ʱܵ˲ɵĽһŵĹӸȻĺеĺμңĺҲΪǿļ֮һɡ
΢΢üͷ˵ɫ仯ûƳһӰӣЩɻʵĺ˵𣿡
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ǺǣĺһûЦһȻɫһ˵գⷿһҪˣ
㡭ԣʱ߳ŭŭ͸һ˿ɱ
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ˡҪǻһɣ֪ڲԶһջõĻܻзġ񣬻ɢǿϢ׳ӰӶ˵
ȻӰӵжǰ⹫װҲǼŭҲ׺ʵȷʵǿᣬͻԿĻǡ
Ӱӣϵ͵ȻҪģǵ͵ͷˣ鷳ϰûʸҵ͵ƽ˵
ԣӰһһƬ̧̣ͷ޾վԡ
Ӱı仯ĵ˵ͷ
㣬㾹Ȼ˵Ƿ
Ȼº󣬺ʱɭĶ񣺡ԵͼǷˡ
ŸʲôСӣԵͼҲҸط
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ں˵ͼ⻰󣬿ջв˻ˣɫһ䣬ڱƫƧطĿջסŵ˴󲿷ֶԵͼʱһ仰ֱǽ˸ˣˣڿǼɢǿϢ󺺺Ҳֻţ¶һ˿
գҶҪɱ㣬ͷ­ջ⣬Ժﻹ˭ҶҲĺȵ
£Χм˻ǵǿ鲨
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Ӱӵ˵ͷ֪ԼҲﲻʲôæЩǵĶ˵ǵǼһۣһȥ
Сӣ˭أߵĴ󺺼Ļ˫۷һɫһһűӰȥ
󺺶ɢž龳ԲϢȻֻһţǿƣҲ龳δﵽӰֵܵġһʵˣӰӵõ
ջв˼ĻЩҡҡͷ̾һ˫ۡ
ߡһһǴ󺺵Ľȥ

󺺼״ŭһһԭӰӵһתȥǰϵϢȻҲǾ龳ԲǴţѹס
ಣ
󺺴žװȷǽ˼Ŀ˺ѣƿ֮СȥƣȻҪȸ߶ϣ
ն
ʱҲǴһһŸ߼似ܣͬǶȥ
ž
ᵽϣǲûԤй۵ԼߵССʱһ֮ϣһɾʹǴ
ӲһţζδһǶ󺺵ؿȥ
أ
Ǵ󺺼һŻǺ޻εؿϣʱԿֱǱߵ˼
ӰӼĻǰһȴû˿ĿģΪʱǺĴѾҵľˡ
ৣ
ľ罫նЩۣȴûа֮⣬˫ѸٵĽһµӡᡣ
ӡ
дһ˫ƶʱһɫȻŷ

״дϲԼʵȻֻǾ龳ɣԼնм似Լǿľӳ֮£Ǿ龳ԲǿߣҲݱܷâⷬΪ޶
أ
һӴԭΪԼĽĹֱ߽⣬ϣǹɳɫǿȴǳ󣬾Ȼһն
ôܣһԵͼôܻӵ似
ڲʱͷʱŵŭ֮ܵԼ⹥Ƶģͬм似׸߼似
似ĺǼϡ֮
ֻһм似£еļ񣬾ȻҲ似ƽ


371 ջͻ
꣡
ܺεĸеţǳɫѹԽԽֲϸܵƣдϣն
ּôܴң
ɫ࣬۾ǱЩѪԭΪֵĶ֣ȴŽѹļĸĺ˵ʵ޷ܡ
ۣ
һ˿֮ɫһҧ⣬һʺľѪͬʱľ͵ıǣȻʶȥ
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ԺľȻһЦһȺǾҪǿ᲻֪ٱľϯֱǽľ
ƣһ˫ٶһƣǳɫ֮ϣѹٶӿ
䣡
һ쳹һ㵵ĿУնγɵĵѣ
ء
һ쫷ڴҲϯ쫷УһӰǱѪпֱǺݺأֱˤ⡣
ڵɳĿУ˲˼;ԼΪľȻԷһȫշѹķʽˡ
üͷһ壬һӣֱǽЩ񱩵쫷ɢɲԼסĵطûˡ
ৣ
ʱջУ˵Ŀ⣬ڴ˿͵ĿſһǱӰջ֮У̼ѻȸ˵ɫǱڸǡ
ԭΧ󺺣ͬĿɿڴһĻϵҲǱøľʣԭ߰ѾǾɢȡ֮ģŨŨľ֣ʵ޷ţүСӣλԼμҵүģһܵôĳס
Ҫ֪ĺУʵһǰ
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Ӱһţ۵ϸִϲ֮ɫ
ɢȥ쫷ĮȻſڵĺ䣬ųɫ趯û˿ļ
ү
ү
ʱǼҲǻعæӵԣ
ڵģǱǲŲѪͷɢϢڸղŵĶ£Ե൱ήҡ
˲ĺ䣬ĨȥǵѪ岻ϵĲţУӿһַ֮ɫ
ΪʤǼȫ֣񣡡䱩ŭͬҰ޵ŭһ㣬Ĵ
֮ʱһգһöı̵ҩǳУһڷ£ʱήҵϢָһĵҲ൱Ĳ
ջеҲ˲ٵɧĺĺ̫ҪˣԼˣȻҪ˼ٶȳ֣һԶ٣ǴʱҲû˸վ˵ЩʲôǻֻͬǸˡ
үҪ˰ɣЩ죬ȥǱߣүֻҪүǰҪɱСӣ練ƣ
м󺺵Ժ˵ղȻֻһ¶ľжЩ
Ҳ֮󣡡
ҧгݣɭɭ˵ĸңʰˣȥ
ǣ
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治ҪӰϵϲɫȫɢ۵
ߣǸʰ㣡ĿĵӰһۣЦ˵
ĺ˵Ĳ֮£ջǵһǿ鲨Դ˵ܵ󷨣ʵ̲סɫ
龳Բ龳ɣóĺ䣬µ󷨣һͻƵ쾳ǿߣ¶ܵΣ
Сӣˡ
׼ȫӭ֮ʱĶУʱҲһĸ֪ΧڣһǿϢڷɿĶ
ߣˡ
˴㵵ĿУɫȻɢϢҲƽ
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Ҳǣȹƣ쾳ǿ߶δܿⰡ
ջУеϧ̾Ȼĺĺ䲻ҲΡ
ĺɲǵġ
ɱ
ⷬȻɻ󣬵ǻǺȵͬʱһӣ鱩ӿһǿֱǻΪһĹâſջмȥ

ھջ֮ʱ¶һ˿ֱӽź飬һЩľмֱ
ȻֲһɫȴʮֵȻ飬ûһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ɣЦЦ
˭ôĵӣڵ۶ڶ֣
ӰӶʧʱһϵһ쳹һſ׵ˣǰ
ţ
俴˿ϵı־ʱɫ䣬ǴʱҪѾˡ
ߣҶԱ֣ǻˣ
ϵǰǵӰϴشǿߵһȻ˿ãǵһȭ
أ
һ죬磬ľм裬ջǲĻζ·ʱһ㡣
ĺμҺ䣬ľľмδɢȥֱǹڵأǵģӰŴ
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ᵽƹᣬȻûʲôԹԣҲ̸ʲôøУ֮ǰɻЩġ


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375 ֶһ
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ԼǰˮĻ¶ԷжӶŵĻǿ˶ĿҲӦŮ˵龳ԲĻҪٵЩɱ֡
ϸһ֮ջǵͷӦһʮңȻǿ˵㣬Ϊ˰ȫûֵõġ
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˻֣һ˸΢âľ䵽Ůӵϣʮң³֮ٸһ롣
Ů΢΢ؽӹҲǵ˵ͷվ߰ɣ
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Ϊ㵣еѽ⣬Ҫȥ
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ŮصҲǴ߳΢谵ĵطе棬⾣ӶƺΪذĪǾֻô
һ·ϣŮӲû˵ȻҲǲ׷ʣ˾㾶ֱ߳˵۶ǲ⡣
⡭ȥɺԴҲǿѯʵ
ҽŷӶŴ󲿷˶ǶģһȥҪԱ
ŮҲǻصֻ㵽ԼİȫҪʲôȫ֣ôǻ뿪
;Ҫɱңô죿ɫŹֵʵӶŴǹŹޱȣȻȹء
Ǿɱǡ
ŷĻشֱ˵ãҲϾ龳ԲܹԸκΣˣǳ쾳ǿߣȻе㲻ܡ
˵ߣ뿪˵۶֮󣬳˸һׯ棬ûпһͯЦùŹޱȣƳһŷǱɫҲǸһĨ͡
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ΪɨһܣôһѰĴׯһģһӶŸЩʲôϵ
Ȼŷĳõׯĺͯע⵽ˣ׷ܹ֣ŷҲûǰıɫ෴¶͵Цݡ
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ϺϢĸ֣˵ԷҪôѰˣҪôز¶ĸ֣
Сĵ㣬ͷ򵥡΢΢˫Ҳѵ˲Ǳ濴ȥǰ򵥡
ӵ´ʦͶʦ㡣ŷǳЦƺͷϵ
ףʲôȻһ֣Ϊ졣
ȥˮѣȥŷָϾһʮңͽ
ŶȥɣҲûʲôܹвõǡ
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ⲻ۵Сׯ棬Ȼôһǿߣ
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ʱһӢˬŮҲǳǰ


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ûйĺѣһ˺ֱܿӵسǰˮ
Ҫںˮõβںľˡ뿪˴ׯ֮ҲǸԼȥˮԵʡ
ҼǵҸ˵ȥˮʲôûаϵǵֻǰ㻤͵ˮͻǰܹںˮš
ŷصƳһһʮңҪ˵龳ԲΪδ̫á
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ΪȻһЦǵ·鷳Ǻˮ󲢲ܹʲôв
һ·ϣƺΪҲǳĬŷм仰֮⣬ȫ̼ûиа仰Ľ
ǰǺˮΧˣɫˣͣһҹɣĺҹǱȰΪաŷ̧ͷһɫҲǴͣ
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ŷҲҧҧεƺеˣһʮңҪɱã¶ھӶŶԣǸϢ
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϶Ҳҧ󡣡ֹȻʱȴǶȻط֣ɱͷʧˡ
΢һӱ񾭣ľɢȥҪѰҵɱͷӣڳɱֻ֣Ǹ˲ǶԼв
ʱŷˣսȦǷǳؼңŷʼеԹ˲Ͼˣûа취˼ߣǲȻ֪Ҳûκΰ취ߵɱָѲ


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ৣ
ŷ˶սʱ򣬴һϸɾ죬ͬʱһӰϢĶӶ

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һɱһӲŷһǣαǱˣת˲ʧ֮С
ɱּ״ҲսߵȫһɢʣһЩܲģֱҧ˿еĶҩ


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΢΢۾վźâǺǣ벻ˮ棬һôֵĽɫӢ۾Լҵˣ˿Ҫٴ۵İ
˵䣬ʣµҲɫƵĶ𣬲ƶ䣬ȻĽΧ
ô۸ŮӣǻгϢȰǸϿҹԶ㣬ǲʶôҹʲôԼңմ󣡡
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һϣСٹ죬ҲԵסҵ뿴ղĹܶöٴΡ
ৣ
Щһﻹǲϰ֣ҲǱĺĹ⣬һɫٶȱӿλΪһȹӳеĳֱָĺ


387 Сôǿ
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ԼظûһãɫʱһƬҰףȻˣǶȻĳǰ
ȻҪǾ͹ֲˡͬʱеĳҲǼĲ֮ϡ
ǺǣλСֵܣСԣСֵѾѵˣСֵ顣
ɫҰף亹ֱðʱһȻɢǿᵽֲϢǿ߳Ƭ⡣
ͻȻˣͬСһ㣬ֽ˳ȥȻƽתӰмӣû˿⣬ڳʱǸӦ˴˵Ĵڡ
ۣͲСͷһЩ׷ӣ˫ĿȴǾ͸һ˿ϣȻǳӸλ˿̣΢ЦУһ˿֮ɫ
쾳ڣ龳Բŷϵϲɫȫޣ֮ӿһĨ֮ɫ
쾳𣿣ҲǶ࿴ۣɫҲûа־⣬ʵѾܹˡ

еˣʱɫһϲɱȥŭָһҪʰһﰡ
ס죬ӣ
ŭһ𣬹˵ƥǣԼң԰ף֪Сֵܡ
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뿪Ŀ΢΢˸ûгԶȥʧ֮С
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СҸܵһǿҵΣ֮УľȻֻ൱µǣھ棬ȴҺܴѹȸС
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392 Ӻƴ
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ап࣬ղΪ˰԰ʱԼϧ޴ģֱʹӡֶΣѾһˣʱȻһЩҩЩҩҲǱԼеģ״̬ɺֹܲۡ
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ɫҺ崥ʱһڶ𣬽ӴɫҺ·ֱǱڻ˿¶ǲǿ׳ȴ쳣ʵ塣

еҲǸо˲ʣܵţҪȴûа

ЩɫҺ廹ڲϵĴӾϲѿڴϵ緢Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ͽڸסˡ
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һĵȻƳһֹۣСӣŵɣڻԣνĶ԰ɡ
治֪Ǳ⻰»ıѪɡ

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һɹɿ񱩵ϵĶ֮ȥͬʱƤϵ֮ɫҲԽԽŨ
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ֻϵľڣ̺һּΪص飬ߴĪĹЧⶫɲһܵõͳܵ˵ġ
ңǰҲٵĴ壬ȻĿʣʱ״̬Ҳ㲻٣ĿʱδжôǱ
Ҳ˵״̬ܺãһ·ϽսѾľڵͿˣʱ屾ܵ飬׵ʱĽڡ
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393 ֵ
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ԽԽ鱬ըұգڲǱҫ۵İɫеѪ⡢֮ϣǸһ㱡İײԣɴһ㣬ΪѤ
ڲ֮ʱķɫҲǱԽԽף˺һһ㣬ϵʬ֮ϣĺҲԽ΢¶ȣǽ
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䵽԰ɱ⣬Χ˶ͷһǰ䣬ͻȻһӰٵĴԶյĻոպǸܵ԰Ŀɨ˹űðһЩ亹
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Ͼһö˵ĻǾͿฮȻˣҺԼҲǵ۶ССѣܹฮǿǼĻᡣ
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ȻһеĶȻǱй۲ڣǲĶ񿴼Էƺǰ಻סˣҲǲɵüͷ
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ʱĵǿǻǿֻҪ취ЩС㣬Ҳδزûлġ
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ӰȻ˸һӰӰ԰׺ڵһʱ͵̧ͷóˣ
԰ŭȣڵ͵رݺݵشһ貵ƥҪ
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Ҳ֪⻹ԭϮĶԼҵǿߣҲΪһõ԰׸Ϊŭ
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Ȼȴ͵ŭȵƵ۷壬һһϣͬĵսⱬΧսˣ

԰һĨҲȵس֣еĳһĹâ֮ͬиһ㣬δĵâȴѵǰ
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ôܣ
Ȼһȭͺ䱬ǵĹƣ԰Լ˵ɫʱ䡣


395 ֻɱ
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ȻǶĶͷǴʱȴԵϬĿһӣڵǺХɿǰ۳֮鳤󵶡
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԰ֱһ鳤ֱ˺ѿݺݵǽɫӡ֮ϡ

̶ԶԶɢ״ȴЦһ˫͵һգȵƣ
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ڴݿ鳤󵶺ǽɫӡֻ԰һ㣬ȻٶȺݺݵĶѾߵ԰ˣݺѹȥ
ΧҵԭֱȥΧ𣬵ڼּ׺ݵĹƺ֪Լ岻֡
ֱƾһ֮԰ѹ·꣬ǽľ֮⣬ڼǰ껹ֻܹǿĿ⣬˵ֻ֣ķݣôҲû뵽棬Ȼתģ
쵰ʵô֮ǿˣŹ찡
ɫĿһĻйһ˿֮⣬ȻͬǱʱĴչ𺳡
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԰ֱһӣһ֮ĽݺݵĶԳǽɫӡ֮ϣһײʱ䣬Ϊ񱩵鲨ǰĿɢ
飡
԰ͬʱŭһߵĹȻֱӽǽɫӡһϸܵѷ죬󣬅һǱը
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ৣ
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ͻĽȻõ԰Щֲӿ䣬һӡæǵĳӰݺݺȥ

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磡
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԰˫Ŀ͸ŨԹ֮ɫĿһۣ߽صĵ˵ͷʱ䣬ۻںХ
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396 
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Ĺ԰׵ĳбӶ̺Ĳļ²ѣң䣬ǵѪɫĽУѪȵζֻã԰׵ƾȻǱøɿ࣬еѪǰǵѪɫһ㣡
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ģ߰ɣ
״԰Ҳǲҵŭһ㬵뿪


397 ˮջܴ
뿪˺ˮ֮Ҳˬ첻٣һջΪǵõβںľˣǵõ˲ĻԵشԼ
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ԣɵǵ˵ͷӦþŷʦˡ
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398 ˾ʲô֮
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ڶľʺΪԼǵľ͵Ц֮ʱһϵŭ֮ȻЩɹĸо
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399 Ȼ
ͷ㷢ʲô裬Ϸ׼ȥ𣿣ľʺͼľҡҷһ󣬺Ȼʱһɣվŭȵ
Ǻǣ۶ƹĸ᳤򣬼ȴֱһԵĶľʺֱͣߵǰЦ˵
һۣͿߣµݣȴҲǿȷǣǰˣᣡ
ᣬ飬治ʦ
ң֮ǰľүӵǰˣɲֻӵʦ츳Ѿ̤ʦ
Ʒʦ
ʦŵƣҲһ
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۾Ƴһڴӵ۵ĶľʺͺҲЩЦ˵ĿҲ˵
ʲô᳤᳤ģˣǿңһϾͿɡĻЦ˵
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407 
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С޶ۣʲá⻰ʱһϲɫȴװԱ̾
޶ۣƷʦҲһľˣֻһֱûץסǸˡФҡҡͷ˵ڵиܲĻ㣬ͿԸԸˡ
᣿Ը⣬ФϣԸ⣡⻰ǰһûаԥǲס˵
𼱣˵꣬Фһ˿ɲ֮ɫ
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츳ȴһֱڶƷʦڸᣬѡԸԸ̴ӣФֱӾ˵˳
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Ҳңߣ㣬ھͿԻ㣬͵͵ǱƹڲԱľס
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ޡ޷죬޷ˣŵĹȻҧˣʱҪѪˣָ֣Ļȳ
ʱԶһε첽˹⻰ʱüͷһ壬ͣ£ɶûһ㣬ͷ졣
⹷ǣֵǣ
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ĶǾ龳СɶѣܵסôΪҪߵĻһ˲ͬɳһ
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ЩֵĻȻǴ֣鼫ḻڴʱûж飬ֱȭȭ⣬ʱһֻŶŵϷŵĶȥ
Ⱥ˶ҪǲúȫĻסԼҪлϵš
ԽǽЩֱԽݣӵʱ䣬еǱġ
λ磬֪ˣҡҸǵǸҪˣ桭ϯʦӡ
϶ĻӵϷŵĶз
ˣְͣɣֺݺݵһڶϺһվһЩȻȵԣ˽ͣ


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̲ӦһûöȻҲǲţڶԣֻҪϯʦźˣʲô
Ƭ̺ǻתǹڵϵĶȻͷ̧ͷȻԿʱ֮˸⣬˿ǻƽԼĵɱ⣬ʦˣ
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΢΢ЦһǵĪҪģ㺰Ǳ׸᳤֮ʱż㣬Ǹ֮ģа㻽ߡ
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鼤ޱȣţĪʦ߲һֱڹעԼ
ԼҲ̫ģֻҪλһĻպʦȻԼһϯ֮λ
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΢΢̧ͷ¶ūŰЦݣȻ̧ͷȴǿӣȻǱϲǰ˾յֻͬǶӵһ˲䣬еϤĴѡ
ȻϣԺŵĿɶΰͽλˡ


409 С˵ıɫ
֪иҪ㣬֪𲻴Ӧ
˵պ΢΢һԵЩԥҲ̾Ϊϧصˣûʲôˡ
ֱ˵СֻҪܹȻȫԸ
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ˣܹߣСļĸֻҪСܹæԸΪͿأѣ
ɲˣΪ˱ģ˵Ļе㲻˼ˣֱֱ̾Ȼ˲Ҫ޵а
ģҲ֪ʦҪԣǱฮ棬Ҵ̽һϢΣ΢΢سһ£ҲջŶһһԼƵ塣
Ǳฮ
ԣǾŵòС۾Ϊŵɵüƺš
ɡʦˣฮǱҲ֪ģǱฮ
ԥһ£е㲻ģʧλĻô͵ʧȥһС
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ϸƬֱ̣ӵҧӦȻ̧٣ҾҲ˰£
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𿴼ūŵģҲǾöޱȣϷҪȫףҲǶԶȻ˵ĻǾˣֻҪ£ҾͻƷʦ
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ţȥ׼һ°ɣȻ׻᳤ͻǿʼ뿪ʦᣬΪ˱㣬ܻеίⰲöи׼
ģίСĻܹܵġҲĻŭţֻҪ°ˣԼԺɾһƬ˰

עŶ뿪Լķ䣬ӵɫʱǱغһԼĵɱ⾡ܵѹȥ
վȥѰε黹Ҫæſԡ
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ԭԼǸ棡
棬κһУᱻΪûܱ֤᲻ѵʱ򣬷ҧһڡ


410 Żľ
Ҫкã
ฮͺƼǱŭףԼǰϵĶ̲סҪһ
ԼѾѪȥʦᣬ˵ΪΣǿףʦǱҲ̫ģȻͷȴǾô׵ر˳
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£ҲǲõԼľƺһۿɼٶţȻԳܵĴʹ˷ܲѡ
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411 Ʒ
βں̺СӰջᣬ˵ܹλͻ쾳
ԱߵˣҲǰһôôã鶼ܹϣѰβںľ˿ҲֻǸպõŻľѵǿ
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ǣջҧڼ֣ΪִǲɶãֻҪֹȥԿž޴ĺô
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414 ٿ
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Ժظ֪ľʳȺˣľ˿


415 츳
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ˣףǶȹһ֣ǵڶֱˡ
ĿɨӹʣµʦǣȻ˵λʦǣҵøǸõϢĵڶֱԣͬ

Ļʱһ֮رľʳǸμӱԵʦüͷһ壬ȻЩϣĿɨ
ϵûʲô֮ɫȻ֪ΪιھĶأฮȻҲв룬֪
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419 ɱж
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Ѿƺˣţεɺʯƶɵ㹻öƵһƳɹĻǿɾһĸ߼Ʒ


425 ھ˭
ˡ
ʱҲǻؿʼƣʱΧĿռУ쳹һ΢
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ʱ֮еһŨɫâƷƳɹףȻΪֵڴһĻľʳʦվƳʲôƷ
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˽һǿҵףǴԶǰˣĪǡĪƵɫ
ܣ۶ǼҼһ֪ฮ㾡ȫ˲ţȻƳɫҲǲܡ
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΢΢˫ǰ΢΢ƳһԱˣ֪ǲûƳɫƷȴԣ

ŭһü֮͵سΪۻľͬһʱرӡݺݵǰ֮ϣ
飡
δһŵϸ΢죬ʱɫͳɫɹâ֮жȻرһĿɫɫ
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Ҫ֪Ʒ۷ʦƳɫƷļʣҲǲߣܳɹ˵Ʒ۷ʦ
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һòͬƷƳΪƷȻƷѾǷǳغˣֻɫƷԣѷɫ̫ˡ
֮Ĳ࣬һǰ㣬ֻǿƷλʦѣ
еĲ࣬ȻһĿȻûñȣ
ʱҲǹһЦѾɣΪȻҲõɫƷ֪ˣǷգ¸󣬲Ҳãһ˭Լھ


427 һ
һӣ貵ĹâʱһתǿƷԼǰ
Χһ𾪵ĽкƳһܣƵУɵ΢΢һﵽʱƣƲɹˡ
ۼ⣬ֿʼԼǱʼƶѲöѡ
Ȼʲô𣬵ǰ濴ҪԼƵ²򵥵ȥһöԷƳɹ˵ĻǸԼʲôв
ھʱߣҲʣ°ʱˣʱԣҲѾ˰ɣ
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ʱܵΪľѸٵ۳һΪ޵ľЯ񶾵ĻֱӵسԺҪƣ
Ͼʦ֮ʣһܵ˲Ҫĸţֱܴӵεʧܣ
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ΪʲôСӾȻֶΣΪǲôФŭֶμֱǿɳܵ㣬Ҫʧȥʸ
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Ŀǰľƣƺڷѣֻš
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ฮĺ͸ڿݺ󣬵ɫ䣬Ũɱ˫֮бڵЩ궯ݺݵĵһֱۣӷȥ

˺ߺӸžΥĿ̲סһһ³Ƿ˺ܶһ㡣
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ȿȣλҲǿ˰ɣʱ𱾽Ĺھû˰ɡ
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429 涷ת

䣬ϯȻ˷ܺ˼Ǻ죬סĻֱۣһʱ䣬㳡뼤ĺ֮С
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Ա߲˽Ƕ۵㣬ǰ췢飬˻ӡģȥˣΪλ淵ʦᡣ


430 
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Ŀǰ۶ľѾΪԼ¹ھ׵رû⵹û뵽ģⲢһ෴ڻңǶǼΪ档
ʦĽʱ۶ľѾһЩ΢ı仯ʳеĲѡվӣУȻҲǰͽͷ
жľүڣƾԼʦĹϵڣľүӾ㲻վԼߣҲԼΪС
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ңڴǰԼǰȥӰУǵϤף֪ǲ


431 ҵĶ
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ʼٴνߴϣȡЦϳң

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һڶģԸฮٶһڶģ۶˶ڶģҵǣ𲢷ǹһˡ
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ʱֻ£ᶯõ
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ţ֪ˣųɷģЩǽͷݶѣǲ뵽ĽУǿû
ЦҲϣǵ۶ǵľͷЩʵֻΪ䵱ڻҵĽɫ
Ȳ˵ֻҪҵĽֵĻЩ˱ǲΪˡ
ҲǴ뿪Ϣʱ䣬峿Ǳǻٳֱ۶ȥ


448 ⾪ϲ
ΪҲǲˣʵҺ⡣
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һʱڣ۶֮ڵҲȻıϾ࣬ฮֱӵطųϢฮĴӣХŻʳ飡
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ʵЩ˻ͷ⸽פһʱ䣬ԷģŵǴׯס
ҲһǸصŷҲЦЦʾ⣬̽ԵʵЩİ֣
ŷȻǿԿǰһ󲿷ˣǿһˣǷŵ۶ڣҲһݺӵĴڣȻ࣬ʤڸǾǰӰõǰɱ֣õŷ⡣
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ˣҵһۿʱ򣬾֪㲻Ѱ֮Ȼȴû뵽ȻʦĹھҪԸฮͷȻ
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ǰˣԹҳݡ
ǫص֪ǰ߿ɲǼֻ֮ҪͷӶžܹԼȻԼ¹ϵشĲӦôҲǲǿ
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ĻشҲû˿ĸо⣬شжٶٰյĻǾԲӦ
ΪԲһſڿӵ˺
Ӷܹṩİ࣬ǾȫõϵĻͷҲǣסһˡҲǻشһϲĴ𰸡
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۶ڣлҵĽн㹻Ӧһеľ淢
Ϊ׵һȺɱ֣Ĵ㣬۶һЩµﰵеسҪڲ֪֮С
ǻʳΪʢĵ۶ʱȴһϢĽգһЩסڵ۶ͨ񣬶Լĸо˵۶յĲԾŵĴԼˡ
ŰฮʱҲûһڵ۶¶棬̽װԱסڵ۶ĸۡţ·ڲţһУֻǱǰ
˭ܶ
ฮ֮ģ·˽֪վӣΨһϻµģֻСʦᣡ


449 ½
Ϧ䣬ӿĳſڣһЩǵûע£ĴУʱ͸ɢŵͷ϶дΧ
ڷû˸ٺֱȺʦᣬȻһԵķС
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м£ˡӰӣŵǿһ˿ľ
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450 

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ںͱʾ£ڴһЦƤ޵ĳһƺ֮ȻҹɫС
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ʱҲǿմѪ۵һӰڴϣ˫̲סһĨʪ⡣
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451 ڤ
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Ȼʱ򣬿ĳ֣ҲǿһʾϽ뿪˵ء
ˣҿǻòͷˣԶͱݵֱͬǶǿ㡣
һɫ֪ʲôطͱ֮ܵЩɱָҲ¶Цݣ˲Χס
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Ȼȴδ˵ĿǹִؼԼѡǳսźХǲ۽Ӱ
ӲľٶХҲǸһĨŹֵͷǻưǵȺսˣ³ֲɵӣôѰ·ľٶ
ȻںХиһĨɻʱ۽͵ƳһɫͻȻǰ˸˲һĵ׸ֶΣյף
һĨɫ֣ȻһȴǸХһּΪΣյԤУָоХδֹͬоζһ㡣
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һ̣һΪıըȻس֣ϯȫͬɽѣΪģ
һҪݻһеĲЯž˵¶ȣ籩Աըʯһ˲飬ĿĵѺ۲֮УǿƼΪ̵ĵ棬ʱ˿ȴ˲γ˷棡
˲ò˺һξ룬ĿɿڴؿǽĳеԽܣȴܹǱ˿µһ
Ƭ̺˷ǴӾ֮лع˵߽ɫ԰ףϴŴϣǵ֮а̫ľ㵣Ȼû뵽ˡ
һϵ˽ʯ㶵ؿһĻԺһƬհףûܹ뵽ԼĶӾȻ˵ǿ
һֳӵźХ࿹ӦХս£Լȷգ
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͸ʱɫΪ࣬ȭͷХҪսʤ²ˣһȻҲеľġ
ͼĪģȻСе죬ҪƾͻܺХδⲻҹڤڵˡ
½ʱƳһۺ͸ɫҲǲɵÿЦ
ǣСõڤɵ洫Сܹȣ
ԣ͸зһ½˵Ȼǲõģ֪ΪΣȴһڲԤС


460 
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ʱ΢΢ؿڵɨӶͬĹ㳡ȴûƵúХӰʱ˵Ҳ𽥵תƻصǳǽ֮Уһ΢ᴵֵ龰ʱϴࡣ
ɢ֮ʣȴʾһֱӰֳźɫĺХ
Ե
ȻǾһ֮󣬺ХδκεļΪ˲٣ֻϸ֮ˣȴǿԿХϵۣѾ࣬¶ҲǸֳ˲˺ۣǰǹƵģȣνǱ˸
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ܺã㲻ҺͼΪУҸɱ㣡
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УԽԽ񱩣һһͬʵʰĺɫͻȻ˺Хϣ˲Ϣ֮󣬳е¶ȶȻٶߣһԭ𣬶ںХ
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ѹ֣ȭڤɶΪɾ
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һǺХѹƣδ뵽ǱԼʹһУҲãֻҪʹһУǿնɱ˻Ӵ֮ټĻʳ˭Ҳͼң
ΪµϯȫȻʱıȴǴ˵ϣֻһվԭأ˫ضźХֱ۵ĺɫ飬ܱѾ͵¶ȣõⷽԲʮͬǽ˻ɽ
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ΪԸ㣬ʩչ˵ؿ£˵䲻ģûаʤ㣡
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ͬҲ֮ĲȥЩΪãֶΣΪ⡣
ХʩչĵڶʽǻԵ𽥱¶ȣ֤һУ


461 һָǬ
Ҳ磬ܹٿؼ˶ԣһǳ˼𺳵顣
ǣԣȴǡǡ෴
ԭô
૵صûа취ԺХʩչĵڶʽԼƺûκΰգڲ֮ԣ绹˭ΪϤַ
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ʱе˶ʱоһֿڸĸоźХϢ
ȭڶʽԭ
ʱȴѻر˫ȥͬ˵ֿһ㣬̬˲˵УɵǷ׷ҡҡͷ
ǳ׵ط˶Կô
ŹһۣΪĵػŶԷ֣ȻǣҲܹظо˴ҪԵǺεΣյĴȴţǾʹ˷
ҵλ΢΢ҡҡͷҲһʵ׼ʱֵĿܣһܵļĳ֣Ȼߣ׵Զ۶ⲻǹѪǻҵѪ
ȻܣǶڻҶԣֻҪ𻹻ţ츳ڣŶɽĿԣ
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ΪʲôڤɵȻǶЧ
Ƭ֮ǻشǺХĶС
һУʤҲƺ˰
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һ̣ҲҪˣһ֮£˽
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462 
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ȻСְɣڣûܶ˺Х
ҵ߻ؿڵȻҲǺХʵڷǰܹԽ½һأ
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463 
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ȻڴʱĻشȴǾޱȡ
Ƿ񣬺Х
Ļش˵ؼᶨĿ½ϣ쾳ԲΣ
֮гһɱ֮⣬ҺȻ½쾳Բǿߣ
ԣ
½סһǻѰҶԼ˲𾴣ΣԼָԤȣҲǲټǿж֡
ЦЦɨӶܣѾγˮռΪţΣȫƾľٶһ֣͵ǳ׵˽յսฮ߾ۼǿ߲٣͸챾Ҳ쾳ǿߣߣӦܹǿ⣡
ͷӹغһ˽Ϊ;ˣ뵽еƣ
ʱҲټȥǣȻˣǿɾ͵ˣ
֮ȫǾһǷˣûܹХܹΪʤ㹻ˣڲͬԵ½һ쾳Բǿߣ
һϵǿߣǳĬ֮ЩҲǸһЩս⣡
󱲶ܹηԷôЩΪη壿֮սҪôǻҼڣҪôˮһսˣкοηģ
ǻ߳ĬƬ̣ǿǰһصϹͷôãտɻһ󱲰
ҲôãҶľʺݺɳʮأʬɽѪˣջʲôηģ
ľͷҲǿһЦҲվ۵˳Ĭ֮˸ľâƺǲ·磡
ȻҪսĻǻҪʲôɵ
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ʱ͸Ҳŭߣ½ᣬԽһ򾡣
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֮󣬲˽һ㶣ƣ
ڻеƣ
ԣܹ½Ϣò˾ò˼飬Ҫ֪½쾳ԲǿߣĴڣʳ۷޵еĴˣ
ǿɻʲôܹõó֣
Ȼһȴ˫ֻؽӡ͵ڵϣһİӰͻȻس˵֮Уǳص鲻ʯϣֱӵؽ涼ѹ壡
һɽΪ½ǿѹΪѹֵƣ𽥵ڳ˶סˣؿͻȻֵİӰӰվԱߣһȴûκ˺Ĵڣ

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Ǻ޷֮ĺХһĨЦ
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Х޺޵صаûڲѣǽնɱˣͲǳֽȾ棬ѱΪĵǣȻС
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ȻشߴٵХֱǷˣ֪Լûκλǰ֮£ȻԱ
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аżһԱǿǲڷŵĹԼʵԿ⣬ҪȻҲҪѲƤ


464 ͼ
Х
Զĺ͸ɲϢ֣ɫһߣֺХľҲǱ߲ѣʱ޷ֹ
ףһˣͻҰɣ
ХЦ˵ͬͻȻΪ
ۿԼ޷ХҲҧҧ˫رӡֱӵʩչ˺ӡһɫĹâѸٵزԼȫΣԼҪХԱбȫ
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½ɫΪ࣬Хгŭ𣬰װ׵ʧһʾ޵ĵӣ´ȥĻڤԼĵӶˣñοڤɣ
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Ӱϲûκεȴֱӵؽ̤֮УٶȼΪˣĹ򣬾ǳ˵ǰ߸ߵڰ֮Уһ˫ž޲񻺻ɨӶͬĹ㳡ƺǲüͷѹҲǱÿࡣ
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׷ʲô飿Ǭüͷ΢΢ɨһۣź͸֮ˣȴǻҵǿߡ
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465 
עһУĮȻؿǬ˵ԼΪĺ͸죬ûκηĴ㡣
Ϊ֪ǬǺ͸ػߣ½¶Ϊ͸𣬵ⶼӰ쵽Ǭľ
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ǬҲһ㿴˵Ķƺڰǰһֱˣֻ֮£ǵٶȽ֮ĶԹ


466 Բ֮
Ǭһû˿ĳɣֱӵضûи˴кǵΪ˲ˣѡֵĵط˵Զһٶǻָ˾ľ档
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467 
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ڵĿģӣվҪһǰڵ۶һֱ㵽¶ԼҲδѰӡ
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Ǭɫ࣬г΢΢𣬸ǰȻһ̣ȭ͵䣬Ǭɫ仯պݺݵ˺סԼΣ˸һĨ֮ɫǿᣬұ˿Сӣ
Ǭ㣬ҲЦһ£ǬδҲ̫԰ˣȻҪӲ
չֵʵȻֻԲǣȫǾĸߵ֮ͣǿ󣬾Բǿܹģ
Ȼһ̺ǬٶȷƣеĳѣһԲεĵâݺݵر֮һĿĵĻۡ
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ǬסǱĵâۿҪϣȻȴͻȻһ£ͻͻȻǻûһâŲԶ
ǬյĿ꣬
Ǭ㶯׽ԷʩչⱼնƺеŹֵͷҲǲУһżأ˵γҲ۳ۻƥͼ赲Ǭ
Ҷǲ̫Զ
Ǭ˸ԼıնЧҪľˣĿ겢
ӹһĨâǬȻطѣ̤ٶȷǳ֮죬һ˲䣬ѾǰȻʱն۶ĵâҲͬһʱյ
һ
ҧҧԼսǬϹһ㣬Էʱʱ̶̿ԼǿԼû¶ԵһЩԼ⡣
ǰıնķǺǬĹ
ĵ磬ֱ˲ʩչ˺ӡͬһʱ˸Լǰ
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նĵâʩչĺӡֱӵر޷ܵסһն
ɫ죬岻ϵ˺ͼǰ׷ĺǬȴ˿ŹᣬһشõʱǬ˫ŭɣţֱӵеĺɫٴⳤ̺
գۼĹ򣬺Ǭָ΢΢γצƣһɼƿ
һֻŨǵצ˺ɫȴһָΪĸоһצΪ׺ݶͷҪеĻµ

գǬצ绹٣ûκֶֹܹҲǼǣŲȻͣӲزӣ
Ǭצ˲ػֱӵļһһĵʹ˲شӼȫͻȻͣúǬĹжϳ˴ΪǸʱ򣬺ǬҪջѾû취ֻ˳ƶΪȻ޷е𣬵һצƻǲСӵġ

żĴ̹ʹֱӵ̧ǰȥǬ΢΢شҲǶˣԱߵĲԶյϣʱԣ˫˸
ҵҪƾܣ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
ǬЦ̫ˣΪƾһߺʶĿܣܹԼ⣬ȴ벻֮£ֻҪһССǬܹûһش
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ô죿
ҧҧеϣǬԶԼ֮иΪ֣ԭΪܹɶԸЩʿǼʿƺеŹ֣Ȼܹ¡
ϴĵʹһǬ½ΪԶԸ
ʱ䲻ˣȥҺ͸ɣ
Ǭ΢΢̧ͷҲǲƽ۳Уܹģ֮⣬ûˣԽʱǿԼ侲


480 
ڼ򴦵Ĺؽڣ
е޼ƿʩʱȻʱȻشÿιʱ򣬼򶼻ͣһ£ûв´ĻǴطоˣһǺصľˣ
ԣǰһԺ֮иֹԼ˵Ļ֮ǰǬΪ˾㱻ϵһֱۣǼƣǻģ
ƼΪأȻƾǬΪô꣬ɻ޷ȥһᣡ
ǣһΣΪһĻ޷һ֣ôǺֶεӦǬķ
ܲôˣֻƴһ¡
ĿǰݲȥҲƳһҲ뷨
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ǬÿһǿڣȻԼĪƬ֮󣬾ںǬҪֵ̧һ˲䣬ӹһĨ⣬ʱ
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׼õӡȻغʮμһ˲رЯżӡ̺Ŀ˺Ǭ
ͻȻѣúǬ΢΢شһҲ¶ϲ֮ɫѰȻȴţ׶Ը
Ȼһ̣ȴ̤ǰһǼӲֱӵغᴩǬֱۣݺݵػļϣ
ͻȻһǬɫ䣬авʱļȫʧȥֱ޷ðҧҧǬ±Ҫˣݱķâȴû뵽һж֮С
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һ֮˳ƶˣĲ֮£ͬҲǳǳķ֮г΢΢ƳһۣһӡֻȥӡûжʲôƻͲ֪ǺǬ³ˡ
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ӡ̺֪֮ûаջɱǬģֻҪ˾㹻ˣ
һ˵쾳ԲܹӳĲֻһʵ
ƽȻʱ˿ڹ㳡֮УһСľ޿ӣʯɢܣɴ˿ɼӡ˵ᣬǾ޿֮УһǱӰվȻǺǬ
ֻĺǬû˷ŵģһͷ׷ҵɢϵĺòֱ۶عţĿĵ˺ļΪģ鲼ֱۣ
һƻСӣȻܹҼ㣬Ҳǻ쵰İɡǬѵص˫ֱǵɫһ㡣
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𿴼ǬˣҲǲɵһ״̬֮µĺǬϵһۣνʵۿۣԼڼɵˡ
ʱĺǬһԼֱۣȴûһĶԳһЦݺһӣҿû뵽ԼԵһëͷСӵ
𵭵ص游㲻֣Ѿź͸뿪ǻʳԼִԲ򣬷ҪԹˣ
ǵģңΪ˻Ҷľ֮κεĶԹ
Ǭɫƽص˵ʵչأϾ͸֮£н档
һ£Ǭ̬е㲻Ծ˵Լ͵Ϯ֣Ҳ˱ۣϾһ쾳Բǿߣɲôɱġ
е㲻ԾͷҲǱüɵȻǬƺǸи֣ɨӶܣ̾ϢʳҺǬһ뽭ɽ
ҪԱ
ȻؽȻعǬΪα˸иţԭǸûдȥˣϵһ۵Ķ֣οһڳô³֪ˡ
ߣԱ
ֱӵضܵŭǴ֮ϲ㳡ۼͨˣȻһ쾳ԲǿߵԱǽⷽԲﶼΪƽأ
ֺԣʧɫ˲ػع̴ȥýɢܵͨˣȻһǬԱ⡣
ûܹɱңȻ㣬Ҳܣ
ǬһЦȻ֮ڵϢÿ֪û˱ϣԱֱӵԱӶøһᣡ
ʱҲǽԼʿؽʵҲЩʿҩЧѵֱӵѪˣȴǿǬԱһĻ
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ӡ
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ˣ㻹ʲô
ٶҲǾδֹԱģ
ҿԣֻҪþֱӵشݻٵĵôһоͽˣ
ҧԴϴ˺ХԱҲˣºоһǱߵԱҲǲûа취ģֻҪڵľûоϯ֮ǰԷݻٵܹ赲ԷԱ
̫ðˣԱ˱ܶ㻹ȥٵصΪֱѰ·Ӧ˵Ϊʲˡ


481 ҹ
΢΢Цһ£ٶȷǺðգûѡһúǬ˳Ա°۶ǶܵӰ죡
һ쾳ԲǿߵԱжǿ붼ȥ룬Ǹʱ򣬱˵ʹˣճڹ㳡ˣԱУ
ĸ׺ĸף
ûκεԥڲԱһ˲䣬ǳ˹ȥ

ֺ̿һĻʱɫ԰ޱȣȻǰĺ΢΢ػعͷ¶һõЦݣûͣ
һвգۼĹٶȺܿ죬ֱӵرƽ˺ǬΪľ˲ü֮УĻֻһΣɹĻ˶һᡣ
ȻһǾɣ
ǬɫǴĿĵ֣ͬһزϵͣ˷ҲЦѣҪһ
̫ˣԱ붼룡
ŭһо˲Ĺľü֮ǼΪŨľǻһĳ룬͸˺Ǭֱӵش˺ߵĵ֮ϣ
飡
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һĻǬô뵽ԼԱȻܹʹϣ˵ˣҲǳ˾㵵ɫⶼУ
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𿴼Լ֣Ҳ̲ס¶һĨЦ⣬͵طתԼ󣬽ǺǬסһֻȴѸٵΪǿ鲨
ӡ
ӡ
ûκδ⣬˲Ĺ򣬾ֱӵʩչ־ǬκεĻᣡ
䣡
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ԶĬĬؿһУҲǵͷ̾һǬˣǵͬԼԸǰԱС
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ǻҪ˱һЩںɱģ˱ĺȴںЩԣΪԼĸİΣǲǬԱɹ
ɡ
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źǬȻսˡ
ֺֻ֮ĻȻҲ޷ؾȥҲǲЩϸڣ񲻹һʽ
أΪʱϻҲ˱ֻҪһʱ䣬ָ
һ¼ǻʳһչֳԼʵҲ˳︽ʳ
һʮ꣬ƾһ߿ܣնɱԲǿߣǱòΪ֮ľ
պʳǻҪǻʳ⣬ֻҪ˼˼ˡ

ȷûºվһһǵֺ˵ģϵû£ֻҪ£Ȭ
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ЦЦ˵ǣıϣ𿴵ĳ״ʱҸ
Ȼ߳䡣

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ε˺ǬŶӣܶˣͬʱҲܰĵ뿪ʳȥؾˡ
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ϾһȥҲ֪Ҫ²ٻػʳˡ
ؾĳɻӵĻʦųҪӯӯˮ˽ؾ
ֻǣȴ֪Ҫȥӯӯǿڡ
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ȻЩӣӯӯˮǣŮģȴǽϵϡ
һһţҲȬĲˡ
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飬
ֻǣֻˣؽţҲʵ˷ܹȴ̾һ
ڵǣʲôûУʲôȥؽţ
үүҪģΪؽŵʱһռָݸ㡣
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Žָڶѻɽĸؼ̲סһڣһƬ𾪡


㡭Ҫߣ
⻰˵ĵӯӯˮ˶ʱϵЦݣС֣֪бקһɫԵЩš
Ҳ跨ԼʵһڤѰǻʳܵһĨǡ
ʳһȻǣؾǰȴôĲһ
һΣ䵲ˣǣһأ
ŮȻĿģǣ֪ҪȴǼΪܣʱͷ۾ġ
İɣһᾡǽؾġǰŮӵ뻳УǶ˽š
ʱ˿̣ŮѾƲˣֻ΢Ŀܺ󣬱ǽץƺһͲһ
Ů⣬ůůġ
⣬ֿİ顣
Ů֮ʱҽĽݣͼ
ҹ䡣
ˡ
ţˣ𴲣ţ֣ӯӯһվ⡣
һϮɫȹڽ׵¹£Եøһʥǧ˿٣ɢӯӯһյ£̵ͦĽΣ޳ȣı޿ޡ
ͷЩ糺죬˵ʲô߽ڡ
ôˣӯӯ
ЩɻΪҹˡ
ҡԼ㣡ԵúɬӵӯӯʱȴǾǿ̧ͷֱ


482 ҹ

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ڼ䣬ӯӯڣȴˮ⣬Ȼʱæңȴ֪ȥοһѽ§뻳С
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һΪ㡭ˡţСͷһһʵģͷС
ɵϣôأ
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ͻȻõвһȣסݺݵ
һ𣬶ʱŮϵȹ㻯һֻֻƮµء
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⣬Ҳһ˽Ĺ۲Ů壬ֱ֮̾񹤣Ȼȱ塣
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ֻ¹⣬͸ɴʣ﷢ʲô顣

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׵ģ²ҪǿɲŹأҲԻȴؾǿߡ֮ǰֺҲһֱǱһ簮̬
Цŵ˵ͷĸ׵Ĺģľů
Źظʳǻʳͬ˹ϵʲôѣԴҸʳȫġ
ʱҲǻؿڵʳľǰ˺Ǭͬһɷġ
лл游
˵ͷʳŹȻǻʳԶʵʵ˿ǻʳ
ƺǲԸգ̵ֺ˵ͷǻ˺΢΢һֱӵǰӶȥ
㣬ӲŸûãҪˡ
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Ҳ᲻ðӳˣҪȥ硣
ֺ૵صȻ֪ʱٻǵٻǻʳ֮ʣʱʵЦʳˣ
ǻʳ߾ȻɽҰĵطһӰٵӹǵȾ˵ٶȣȻòٴɽҰֵһЩӶͽ˵עӣڸܵϢİ֮ʣʵʵذ
ĸ·֮ѾǴԽ˴ǻʳǰɾľʳı߾ˣƳһǰûдͣͷҪȥŹأҲ;߾Уڱһ·֮Ҳһ־˵ٶȼǰС
Ȼһεг̣֮ԶȻ쾳ǿߣ״̬·ĸҲأʤвٵĻָҩһڵˣҩ֣赣ǡ
⿴ƺ޾ͷĸ·֮Уһ·Ͼ˲ϡŹֵĵطϢʱҲǿѰǷʲôŵر˵ѰһЩΪĲϣΪպ֮á
֮УȻٲһЩΪ׺Ұ޽вкüβǵһЩ쾳ԲҰޣ֣ЩҰޣҲǼΪͷۡ
˾Ҳʵ࣬ȻЩ˼ɽҰ棬ǳһЩΪµҰޣ㲻ӿɾʹˡ
һ·ϣԽǻʳľʳĺʳȼʳı߾˽ӽһµʱ䣬ǿЩѰĵطǰһƬΪԴɽӲǾŹڵĵط
嫺ƽԭ
ǰһ޼ʵƽԭǼǰҲǶȻͣǳغñϣֻҪ嫺ƽԭУ͵ǿŹأ
ûмǴĻ˵ʳǴ嫺ƽԭ֮УҪŹأ»Ǿʳ˵ʳ󣬿˵嫺ƽԭڣʤڻʳ֮ڸֲΪؾԵʡ
ĥһ£յͼԣ½ŹأҪʳĵ۶ͣϢ˰ʱ֮󣬷Ǽ̸·ڽ嫺ƽԭһ˲䣬΢΢ؽһ¡
嫺ƽԭȻͬѰ֮Ũ࣬źܴѹʳĸֲѲ˹ϵ
ŨĥţֵطĻԼĽչҲǲȥˡ
ûϢļһ仯Ķˣ
Ա߷˷۵Ĳ˵ؾԣĳ̶Զ
ԣ̲סһеˣ嫺ƽԭŨһ޷ŵĳ̶ˣĪؾΪأ
Ȼʲôؾ֪Ϊʲôǿܴĳ̶ȸĳ̶йءûؽ͵
Цŵ˵ͷĻǸνؾƺԼԣӵؾˡ
߰߰ɣʱ䡣
ϵشߴٵҲǼظ·Ȼھĸ·֮;ҲǾ˲ٵСûп⾪κˣֱ۶Ƕȥ
ٶǾĸ·ͽԽ˴嫺ʳԼɼǰֵһ޴еҲһɵǷŻٶȡ
ģŹػҪá
ԹⶼһˣûеŹأĸ·е㷳ꡣ
ˣˣôļʳ֮󣬾ܹȥνŹһˡĵȻͻȻ֮䣬ͣ˽Ų΢еǰС֡
ףʮϢƺ׷ɱʲôˣˣʱ˾
ֲ£߰ɡ
˷ۣƵûˣֶȤһ£ûдȥ֣·ƽε飬ֻɵϲŻȥ
̸֮䣬ǰСɭֶȻسΪǱӰʮӰӳ׷ᣬǵȾ˵ɱ⣬ԶҲܹظܵ


483 ı
ŶԷĿҲǿӰȻŮӣһԼĪڶʮңһСܶ࣬ȥֻʮꡣ
ͽϴŮӲΪزȣϻмδɵѪƲᣬһŮȻûʲôƣСҲǲ˾֮ɫ
Ϊ̫أŲģܵʱͽϴŮӽŲ͵һˣˤڵϣԱߵٸæǲֻһЩɱڵ˱û˶ľ롣
оɱ⣬Ůɫ԰ޱȣһ˫֮Ҳǲ⡣
ŮҧûзǽŴĴʹ·߲ˣвɵǳһھ΢΢̧ͷȴǷǰĳ֣ͬˮ֮˿ǰѣ鷳һºس꣡
һõ׷ٶȶȻؼӿ࣬ʮӰһ˲׷ֱӵؽ˰ΧסҲǴΧȦ֮С
ӣܣ
һ¶һ̬עŮӹЦ
ΧŮ֮ɫɵǽϣ֣ܹǡ
ƳһܣҲ˹Ůǵʲôˣһ·׷ɱӣ˵ΪһŭһӢ۾ĺϷֻû㡣
λСֵܣˮˮصαҪЩ¡
ʱǰ˵ҲƳһȥΪȴǳвζԱߵҲ¶׺ݵƺھҪҲ֡
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ЦҡҡͷûŮӶԼͶϣ׼Ǻֱӵ뿪ǰʳĵ۶ˣɲٽ֦
ϧƯĹﰡ˵զôİ
ԱԹصһ֣˭֪ѹû飬ơ
죬ن°
ɵǷ˷ۣȻŮӵɫȴΪľٶͬңľٶǼȡ
ܵЩ׷ɱŮӵƺľٶ⣬ɵǹЦ
λѣʳ̫ӵµˣԸȣƱػس꣡
ȻŮǲģͼóԼݣϣܹʳ̫ӵ£֤ܶˡ
ʦ㣬ֵСˣҲ
ԱСŮȴǼΪٶҲҧ޺޵ص
ɻĹ棬ȵزóµݣҪ˭ܾȵǣ׷ɱǵΪ֮˲ɵЦ
һ̣˵ϣǼ߳ΧȦͻȻͣ˽ŲƺǸı⣬ȻĶȻҲûˣЩ˽ɫɭеҲ˸˵ĺâ
СֵܣߣɾҪˡ
һ˻ؿڣв֮⣬ȴͬûһ㣬תƳһŮӣҲصʳ̫ӵµˣ
̬תŮǾ㵣ŮǷӦ˹æͷûŮ̫ӵµŮʦ㣬
˵ͷͻȻƺԼʳ̫ӵ£ƺĸɶţô˵ĻԼһϵƾϵܼȡ
Ǿ͸߰ɣøҴ·صҲǿȥϵȷˣҲǸһֵĻᡣ
Ƶ̬Ůһ㶣еţƬ̺ŮӷŮѸٵ
Сӣ£ǾҲһˣ
Ϊ׵ҲӹһĨ֮ɫ»˻֣˽Ǿеǵȱɭɱ⣬õռƬռ䶼ǳɱζ
һĻŮӸΪľɵǼӿٶȣƴس𣬲ȻǵٶȱȲܰΧǵ׷Ƭ̣ΧȦСжɭȻۿҪڷˡ
ȱ仯Ůɫ䣬״̬ûа취ְΧ֮ͻƶǺã
ܵľɱţŮҲ޿κΣƺֻеˣڴʱһЦͻȻ𣬴ɱա
龳ˣҲǰô
ӰȻʩչֻܵоһι㣬Ķǰ߾ͻ˰ΧȦֱӵسŮӵǰ
лл
ȱ仯õŮʧƬ̣ʱٴҲǿóˣǰƺΪܹɵͻưΧȦǵߣ֤ˡ
˵ͷû˵ǻɨһܵˣϢ֮£̸ʧݹ顣
֪СҶ֣
Ϊ֮ԣʱҲǲȻŭʮ˽Ӧ׷Χ𣬴Ǹһɫ£֪£ûʲô³ġ
Сĵ㣬ǶǾ龳Բǿߣɵǽص𲻹ǹһˣҲǿڵ
Ȼû˵껰Ѿˣٶȱǣͬһ߰ӳǼĹܱǴߵһӰصز
̣ǳ֮죬쵽ûܹǷʲô飬Ůһۣ¶˴㵵ɫ̧ܹ֮׵ʰһȺ龳ǿߣ⡭еˡ
˵ǹ
ɵƣ»صŮӵԱߣȻʱܵӰǱŵˣ޼վսĿܣ΢΢ƳһΪ׵ĺˣͻȻزһЦ㻹㡣
ԣ׽а⵽Ĺ
ҪתӣȴûиôᣬζȻٴ˸һ£ǳ˶Էǰ΢΢һЦǲȭͷǺݺݵӣ
˾˵ٶȣҲǾ㵲ѣµһӦǸ񵵣ֳһŨ飬Ҫƾ˵һνȻȴǵ͹ˣȭͷǴʱһǿޱȵ˲شݳͬɽһ㣬ֱӵصɶȥ
䣡
ݺݵײԶľϣ;˲ѪӾ֪һҲзˡ
Ϊ쾳ܹҿ⣿
ҡҡͷҲ¶һĨϷʵЦݣԸһ쾳ڵߣûκεѡ
˺ǻعͷϣͶҲǻعǵþˣ
ǰһ̼Ǳ֮棬һ֣ȴ׵ؾǣǰ󷴲еһʱԽܡ


484 ʳ
ллλȣ֪մ
չֳΪ˵ؿ£ĳƺҲǲ֪شƣΪ
𼴿ɣؿ˵ʳһЩԨԴģǰ֮»¡΢΢һЦҲǱԼ
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һ£ɵؿһ
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Цеص˵ģǻʳʳ֮ĹϵӦǲģҲʳô
ĻشŮҲΪ𾪣ԭǻʳǿߣɫ͵һ䣬ǰһֱӵض£ʳ
лֱ˵ĳܲ𡣡ˣǿЦѣԼҪһЩ鷳¡
ģܿʳ̫ӵµǻ֮գҴСʦôŷص۶ȴû뵽ʳѾ˷츲صı仯ı췴Լף̫ӵ±ڵ۶֮УСʦò̳ӻѰԮȴ뵽ˣһ·׷ɱ顣
һҲǽµȥ˵˳
ʳļ̫ӵ£ӲĻλڴⷬı֮£ǻ֪һǿߣõ̫ӵһ޷֮
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֪ʳӦһǿģѵ֪ô
˵ڣǰѱչأһֱ£ĻҲö˲񡣡Ů뵽ԼĸпǼΪܡ
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ʶϳֵĻҪһε飬Ӧǲôѣʳ֮ڣֻҪ̫ӵܹǰܹöӵļƻʧܡ
Ͼʳϵֻ̫ӵһˣֱӵؽԼĸף˰ɱ̫ӣ䲻֮£Ҳõõ۶ڵĻ̻̣һʱ̫ӵ²֣ôӾܹ˳ǻˡ
΢΢سһ£ջǵͷӦˣ֮ӦΪ֪ʳǻʳѹϵνĶ˳ǻĻָպǻʳ֣Լ׶ֵˣʲôġ
ҲǿڵȻˣֱӴҽ۶ǣ̫ӵ¾ȳӵıɡ
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ؾɫҲ΢΢سʱȻǣؾĻǿɾе㼬ˡ
֪ؾвԼָԤʳ֮ô
ɵѯʵؾڵǿֵǿ߶ܹһʳΪ֮𣬰ԣؾ֮еԼӦǷǳϸ
˵ĵطййͻȥƻˣؾԼ٣ҲһЩ͵͵ΥЩԼһʳΪؾԷǳһ㡣ЦŽ͵
΢΢ر˫˼Ҫδ
ĿǰҪ֪Լһؾˣ¾ͺл᷵أȻǻʳҪԻȥƾһ˻ǲģʱԼְܹæܹǻʳ£һԵѣ
෴һλӵǻĻǻʳ͵ʧȥһѣʲô飬ҲѰ󲻵ߵİæ
ڶǱжǿߣ
׷ʵ˵ǿߣ쾳Բġ
һ£֮ǰ̫ӵһ棬˵ߴʱһؾ쾳ǿߣҲΪĴڣʹڵǿ߽ǲС
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૵صĻ⵹ǲˣһ쾳ԲĴڣܹǶԸٶĻҲû˿Ŀܡ
ڴһص۶Ȱ̫ӵѰҵȷƽ¡
ɫصص̫ӵµİΣҪģ̫ӵ˶ӵôɱ˶ӣҲû˿á
˵ͷҲŮˮīл
Ф£պҶţҲҪݶ顣
ŮȻСʱҲףϴӦæѾðżķˣ˶Լ
˵Щ׻ұҲǻʳһϵֱϵѪǣҲ֮ص
΢һ£ǴŮٶȻطʳĵ۶֮У;İ֮£ŮǴߣϾǵɫǲ۶ַ֣ӻᱻ׽
һ˳ؽ뵽˵۶ǣȻȥûΪλλ֮Ӱ쵽ͨ˵ֵĽȴ˲Ͼգûκӣֱ̫Ӹȥ
ʳ̫ӸУΪžܵĽֵǱ˷˿·ˣȻ֮£õ̫ӸȴʱʱҽձøΪع죡
̫Ӹڣ԰ۼϰٵɷӰڻ԰ȴԼĪʮˣһͷڣϴɫ۵ˣţֻЩϽǸˣǲԶĵ棬ȴʬ壬Ϊزҡ
һĻǴȥʳ𶯣̫ӸȻ㱻Ѫϴ
̫ӣô죿ӵѾ̫ӸΧסˣЩǾ龳ԲϵǿߣǸӲȥ
ɫ˵Աߣһɫ׵Ŵʱ˿ǵ֮ͬĿܡ
̫ӻ̧ͷ֮µӣûΪʱ˿̵Ĵþɥ˫˸žâһ۽Լ˰ΧסˣҲǳֻܵȣˮīѾӳȥˣֻҪܹصţͻǿ߹֧Ԯ
ĿǰľƣҲǼΪΣԼǸ׵ܵܣȴؼʱ̣ⳡϮҲûа
ı棬˻λҲõĵģһ佫ŭԼ֮˶ܹ֣˵ϻλҲ˶೤ʱġ
ˣ˵ЩڶԷǵȵԮֵĻˣ
̫ӵԱߣһƺǾʦߵ̾һΪЩˣ̫Ӹǿ߼˵ˣԾսľʮˡ


485 ̫Ҷ
Է֮Բ춯֣Ǽɵ֮еǿߣ̫Ҷǣ
ҶΪ̫ӣͬҲ쾳ڵΪҶǵΪǼֲ˵ڡ
ȻҪƾЩȥԸܵϰλĺˣлһ쾳ڵĸ֣ǳ˵Σ
̫ӵ£ҵһս
һ佫ѵСģԷƺҪ׼ˡ
ԣ̫ԱߵЩǿ߽ɫ΢΢һ䣬ؽ̫ӵΧ롣
ʳ̫ҶǣŲ˫һȻ鴫ȾôԸΪ
ܵӰɽһ߻߶˫ָɨӶⴹˡ
ᣬΪؾˣӦòֻʳ£Ȼܵؾ׷𣡡̫ӵߣҲ˿ӣǳʵ
̫ӵ¾赣ˣȻܹؾ뿪ȻҲаղؾ׷鵽ҵϣҲδ̫Ʋʦֵܶ˵ˡ߹һЦƺ̫ӵ·ڡ
̫ӵĿԳǿߣԷǴؾгߣȻ֪ԼǸܵι϶Է˵˶Է뵽һε¼Ҫ֪ʳ쾳ԲĽֻһ
ȻڱչزĿǰľƸ֪飬ʦֵˣһ쾳ڣһ쾳ԲʳܵС
Щ˰ΧԼҲǰͲסҪˣϾ̫Ӹʱ̫Ļõ۶ʵӵ鷳ʹˡ
̫ӵ£ҾǸˣ˶ϼɣ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣Цеص
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ʱ̫ӵҲӲصҶǾٲãҲųҪɱңǾǣ
Ǵ˫̫ӵ£ʱҪʱ䡣
ƣ޵֪ϣܵŮϣֻܿϧҸ㣬һ쾳Ůһƿôܹѵ׷ɱ˵ʱѾǻ鼫ˣ
ǸҶŮһëҪ촦̫ӵҲǲȻŭ
ǰܹù졣
Ҳǻ˻֣ܵ˵ְɣʱˣӻھء
̫ӣƴˣ
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ʮҲĿ¶âҪЩƴһȻῴڣȴҡҡͷЦ֪
£ǻӰ˲˸źâıֱӵض̫ӵµ˹ȥ
ɱ
ʱ̫ӵҲһеһŭ֮£չƴ
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ǿҶǣڽӶնɱˣҲֹԷĹƣΪ׺ݵĹϵس֣ܿرǽʮ˳׵ذΧס
ҶǴŴΪĵؿŰΧԼˣȴûа취
ˣԳ˽ɣܹɱһʳ̫ӣҲܹеңٺ١
ʱƺ̫ˣҲǻֱ̤ЦƾҶǵȷǻһʱ䣬ûƢȥˡ
쾳ڵᣬͷųǵȿµƣֱӵϯ̫ӵ£ʱȴ̫ӵ֮⣬Աߵǿ֧ſһơ
ҶҧҧµҲȥˣһ쾳ڣһƴЩܣʦֲĻǽǺ޻ԣ
˲Ϣ֮£ǿ鲨ֱӵشϳһƥݺݵҶǣ΢΢еʱ̧һâһƥһ𣬾ظ񵵶
䣡
һѸٵҶǻᣬʱ̲ס
ʱüͷ˵Ϊͬһ磬ǳؾɻǱҶǸΪǿ࣬ʵϣҶһֹ̺ľѪڲѣǶЩѪƺøΪ
Ǹ̵ļһ
аҲǵһڵϢѰ˼ڶʱ֮ڽҶǣҶҲǲԴУڵѸٵرӿе֮ϣµĲΪѸٵ֡
ҶȾٶ׽һ£авһе㼬ˡ
Ϣն
ҶǵŭȵҲ΢΢ؾ͵£һĽâ˲سͬΰ㣬֮涼ֱӵػ𣬲ٺ˽ǱĽ˵ɴ˿ɼһĲ֮
ۿһͷϣ䶸ȻطǵâȻֹͬǱһָΪǿڰ֮УӲ޷ټ̡
̫ӵ£ʩչһʽܲ˵Ҳ˵ɵĶ۶֪ư
һϵЦ˷ȻҶǵɫǼò԰ף֪Լ˼ǱԷˣҡΪϣ˳ˣ
תҶ̧ͷ˰֮УһߣƣԱԼǿ࣡
쾳Բ
ڰ֮УϢǿޱȣĳ֣Ҷǻˣ¶˾ɫ
һں˿ĳ֣ȻҲǱùޱȣصȹڵϣҲǵͷһʦ֣
ʦ֣ͬҲؾ֮гֵǿߣΪХֹ񣬿һΪҲ˵ã쾳ԲҲΪĳ֣ԼǸܷܵŵıλ֮١
֪Գ
Х񵭵Ƴһǰڶ֮ǰХԤ⵽ԲŻͷ֣ԼʦֵҲû˿ƢϾΪؾˣеĹؾǶҶǣȴûа취ֱӽҲԼʧ
ХûмɫεᣬĿҶǵϣص̫ӵ£Ӧ֪Ǻ޻ԵģԹ־ܰɡ
ҶǺսеХҲһǿߣҪǿô
ǿ
ХԶʱЦƬ̺ҡͷҶǰҶǣûǿֻдﵽĿģ㹻ˣ˵ĿҲҪ
ҶһȴǼΪΣֻһ˵ĻôЩգȴХˣĿǰûаᡣ
ģƺҪƴˣ
Хҡҡͷɫ𽥵رӰ΢΢˸һ£ǳХǰ


486 ȱ
ҶǲХϵɱ⣬ʱ˵񾭶Ǳ࣬ЩҪǰȴǱֹˣ޷ԸХôҲѡ
ʱ䲻ˣҴͷȥӸɡ
ҶǣХҲĮȻصǷ̫ӸǻһѣǾԼϣ
ХһҲǵ˵ͷֱɢХڣҶǱɵģҪľǷֹ©֮ܳȥ
ԷҪϾɱ̬ҶҲҧҧǲƽХ񣬶ȻŭһѸٵرû·ֻһս
ƵҶǾȻ˲ȶ֣ХҲҡҡͷ¶һĨмɫҶеǰǻָȻֱӵһӼסҶǵҲ̺ĽȻֹ
ȻرסҶɫ΢΢仯ֱ۸ҪХָͷȴͬǯһ㣬޷κεΪ
쾳ڣҲϷǰ赶Ūǹ
ЦҶǵĴХҲǵ˵ָһǿİֱӵͨĽ

Ҷе˲ǵȼΪǿİõҶ໢ڷ飬˶ǲϵ˺
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ҶⶸȻر׺һν֣Ѿǳ׵ؾˣȻҲХɻɱԼ
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Ƭ֮Ҷ˵Ϣ΢࣬ǻؾеңңضХ񣬶ԣһ
ݣ
˲䣬Ҷ˱һּΪѸٵٶȱеȻرһ貵ѪɫâǿĲѸٵʱ۶ǲǿ߷׷̧ͷ̫Ӹߡ
ĿؿҶǿһХҲһȻ֮£Լƣͷһתţ֮ϣһ㼫Ϊۻ鲨һֱ̣ӵƾһ˫֣ӲӭҶǵһ
ХĳٶȼΪѸ٣˵ӰҶǵδ£Ѿȵػ֮ϣ
飡飡
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ʶһ£쾳Բ
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飡
ȻХĹƲû˾ֹͣҶе͵̤ǰһٶճצǣס˺ߵǰһ̧ԼĽţϥǺݺݵضҶǵϣ
ۣ
ܵػ״̬ѵҶǣʱһѪҲΪܲǿ˵ɶڵϻһĺۼֹͣ
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ĿǵزҶǣХ¶ɫǿƽҶ࣬һھӸµ̬ɫ԰ֽҶ࣬ɭصΪپһϷҲûʲô취ϧһ˿Ҫ
ХºҶٶ³һѪ޺޵ضХ񣬺ҪɱҪУϤ㣡պҼһأҲõȥ
ʳڣХɫҲ΢΢࣬ܿεҡͷЦϧǸʱ򣬲֪ԼĽ£һʲôζ
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Х˾ٶЩʱңƺǿ̫ӵ½ҵһĻҶҲ΢΢޷ƥеХ޷ټսȥˣΪһ̫ӣȴԼĽ£´ȥҲǼΪط̡
Ҷǻر˫ͬһ㣬ХһĨЦ֮£ǰ£ҶܹܵĴ̹֮⡣
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Х屻ײǰѱƵȻҲ͵أ
ͻȻıʣʱõñĿҶǻ˫㶵ؿǵԼԶе㲻֪ʱǷʲô顭
˭
Х͵̧ͷȴһ߿ܣҲһ㵣˭ʱˣ
ؾˣӦؾĹأƹأɲǸϰߡ
һƬ̺˵Ӱǻس̫Ӹ֮С
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Ҷǿˮīĳ֣Ҳɫŭȵʲô
£ҵȱˣ
ˮīվСŮԼ׵Ѫ֮Уʱ޺˫ۣ˹ȥ
ȱ
̫ӸҶǽɫһ𣬾Ȼ뵽ȱˣ
ԭˮīӳȥûи̫Ȼ漣ȴƫƫطˣȻǴ˾ȱ
ȻҶӵϲɫδչֳ䣬ɵǿЦһ䣬죬Ҳ쾳ʲôãվǴԼ
ǰǺ˼ң
Ҷ¶ɬЦݣλСֵܣлȣʳ֮£ûҪˡ
ҶⷬٶΪãһˣʱ֣ôҶĲ̣ͼ˵𾡿뿪
̫ӵ£ҼȻˣͲһ֮İɣҼɡЦЦû


487 ѹ
ߣ˭ܣ
ХҲŭһǰ˵ðǼȻ£Ҫ
쾳ԲˣҲ˱Ӧ
ЦҡҡͷҲ˫ֱָХЦҵҪʲôŵ
ХԣʱǱû
һ۾ǿǰëͷСӣ쾳׵ΪȻǰڳԣȻû̶֣¶˽ɫһнΪ𷽲Ǿ仰ؾӦҪع
ĸһĨĪǰСͬҲؾģĻ¾е㼬ˡ
ʦֱ֣ӽնɱˣǵϢͲǴصؾСʱҲǴչɭɱ⡣
ԣХҲǵ˵ͷµҲֻˣȻһΪ棬ֻʳµ鴫ؾ˵ǵҲҪܵǣ
𿴼֮˸ɱ⣬жʱѾˣԷҪɱڵ׼ˣû˿η壬΢΢صָһ£αȻӹֱӵسԣֱʱͷųǿѹ
ģХײɵ΢΢ؽһڷע⵽ɢѹȻ˿
Ҳ˵ǰȻ쾳ԲĴڣ
ôܣ
Хмȵ𺳣ʵǿĿܣǰǴδ˵
ؾ֮ҲͻȻХˣؾ֮УһΪ͵ɣ֮ΪǿȴʤܹƸǿĿܣĪɵˣ
ԭ﷽ţҽձƣʲôҪΪܹǿ߿⣡
ȻХܿǽеͷ׳ӹ˵ɱ⣬̤棬˲سŨ鲼˫ֱ֣֮ӵر˺ѣǵȼƿһ˽¶ǵɫ
ٺ٣Сŵ㣬һļƣƺ˫ֹģһĻǳԲ
ٺһЦ￴ǿЦʵȴҪעХ˫ֽ
ĬĬص˵ͷ˲ɢǾһԵҲ˲ǿȭӿֱ֣ӵضХ˫ֺȥ
ӲӲҲǿΣ
ȻХȷżŵĽҲ˿ң΢΢ͣһ£һֲ˼ĽǶ˲ضĽȻǴ˫צ費ϣֱӵر
ϼһǸ
ˣǲɵ΢΢һЦԷؾˣʶ㣬˸ۣȻϣûöԷ⣬ֱӵشĹĿԼϣ
ХĹ绢ʱ˿̣ľãͨ𵴣ŲƣһХ˫צ
ף
ȻܹǰܿԼһХҲǾһ£ƺţ־㵲άһ˲Ĺ򣬶Ȼ֮£Хͫ׽һתǽճצ˲ɿٽգγȭͷݺݵţ
ӡ
ҲϵһĻ۳ӡĺӡ˲غȻ֣Լǰ۳һۻϡ
䣡
һ죬Хȭͷӡ֮ϣ˾޴죬һȭûɢӡ෴ֻǱ
ƺǿ
ص쾳Բǿ߽Ҳˣǵ½ǺǬѹĴǰһӳԶԶûǰ£ҲӦøոͻƵ쾳ԲãĻһȭԽӡɢ
˺ҲϢƽ͵ЦЦХʵ
һĻڲ˵ǰǾ㵲ѣȻܹӲХһ𣿣
⻹һ쾳׵ϣ̫λˣҶǶеŵؿԼŮʵǡǵǡôǿߵģ
˵ǻʳˣһǻӵܣԷ֣ûҺʦҲڳˡˮī۾ųշĹƣʱǿ
ǻʳҶҲǵɴףû뵽ԼˣȻǻʳ
룬𲢲֪ʱХɫޱȣֱѾûκ֮ˣƾղܹظԼһȭСеŹ֣
ԺƿХɫ͵ر仯һ£ٵƶţĲ֮£ٶǶ˹ƣҼΪͣХеͷۣභ˷Լڣ˷ʱ䣬ֻнˣôֵһᣡ
ϵģκεĻջ
ʲôɱ
ХŭһǷס޷Ըֻȥ𣬴ĲˣѰһᣬһ
ᷴӦҲ̤Ϊǿ쾳ڵΪûǿµĿ͵Զһۣ
Сӣն
ЦҲس֣΢΢̧ͷƳһᣬȴЦ
ХһóҲȭƹһֱӵצ΢գͬӥצһسŭȣеȭͷ͵سֱӵӥצ
᲻쾳ڵǿߣԶԶûХ£ҲǸη壬ӲӲ˭˭
ȭצ໤ײһУͳǴһ΢΢ָ͵ɿͺһӡ
˲ر𣬾ʱټΪǺӡǼӡܹ⶯շľ磡
Сң
Űݶɫ˲ؾ䣬弱ٵ˺ҲӦʱʱرܿ˴󲿷ּӡ̺֮Ȼɾǻֱӵˣ
ճ֣ͱһɫ࣬Լɭɭص㲻쾳ڵģ
Ҳ˵ŵĶԻУǿѾԶһ쾳ǿߣʩչļӡ̺żٵһֵڣõʱϢΪزȡ
֮Ľ֣ȻܹȵռϷ磬ҶǵһҲǴϲҲ¶ظɫȻԤ⵽Ǻǿȴûϵǿ˵زǰܹХһ𣬿˵ǹХˣһΣȫǿʵʵսȵѹᣡ


488 
ǻʳĻҾȻôĺ󱲣ʵЩŰ
Ҷ૵صΪͬ˹ЩҲԼŵһЩǻʳڶһϵƺΪܵӰ죬񿴵ĳ֣ƺЩҲǼٵġ
ĺڣһϵʲôҪɵģ
̫һϲ⣬ܵЩ˵ɫǱüΪѿû뵽;ɱҧȴؾеǿҲû˿İ취Хţ·磬Էһ˶ѣ
£˭ţһеľȻֻһδʮꣿ
ᣬЩһ
ͬʱҶҲǷӦ˹վɨӶܰĺˣҲȫη壡
ǣ
һǰΪؾ˵ĴڣЩһ﷽ܹ̫Ӹɱ䣬ɲһˣɾǱʱˣ
ҶȻˣǶЩˣ׿׿ģܹڵҲȥˮīļ룬ƶʱ
ʱҲǹ˲˵ĿǰռϷ֣ʵȴڼȥԼҪѸٵػɱǰᣬȻʱһˣԼľͻĹ࣬ҲܵӰ졣
һǸʱĴͻǱøӵ鷳ˣ
ӰȻӳ˲ʧԭأ
ͻȻʧҲ΢΢ؽһ£ǿѹڷڵѪżأѸٵ˺Ȼ˺һ˲䣬һӰͬȰسһۻȭͷֱӵغĺ󱳣
ᣡֱӣ޻οԵһȭ
ĽһռƣĽǱޱֱӣ
ȻȭͷʱıֵҲһ㣬Ϣ˲תͬҲһȭȥ
أ
ƵٶǴʱľ˫ǿ̶ˣ˭˭䣡
ۻ˲ر̺ſµİֱӵشݵڣ
ɫʱó죬ԼһֱΪĽǰȴԵôزһ
Ǹˣ
΢΢صֱ͵µľһ˲ֱӱɫɵŤоԼĹһ˲䶼Ǵ˴̹ǵʹ֪ԣ
ۣ
ѹƲסĴߵľһѪ˵ͬߵķݣֱӵصԶĵϣΪңһ֮£վûˣ
㡭㵽˭
ϣѪҲ¶һֵɫΪԼΪȴӵбԼΪǿ
𣬼סҵˣ
Ȼȴǻ̧ͷ¶һĨЦ⣬ȴ֮пһĨɱ⣡
ҪҪɱң
ᾪֵȻʱˣȴ޷ֻؿжһǵȷĺ⣬Զܹܵõ
ʦ֣ңǶХȻʱХȴǱţ޷
СӣǶʦ֣˭ҶҪʬΣ
Х񿴵ԼʦܾȻ֮ܣзŭѣ䵱¡ѱˣ
˺Լ˵ɡ
Ƴһۣе΢΢ؾȻ£һµĽǱֱӵػ壬˲ϢüĶһѪۣ𽥵ɢȻһ֮£ֱӵҪ
úݵСӣ
ԼʦܲУХͬһ㣬ȫȻֱӵس
룡ɱ
ҲüХȲ½ˣҪԸΪɵģҲǼٵغˣХĹƺȻ£ȴһգ
ģб¾ͱܣ
ХۣǶ׷ᣬȻȴΪɣӰϵ˸ܵХһһεĽȻȴХ󲻶ϵطƣüȭͷֱӵХϡ
ʵҪҼµĻģҲܲˣ
⼸¹Х࣬ȻȴΪ˼ĹǲˣôȥԿĿɾԼˡ
ӣ
£Хͷ֪Լ޷Ըˣֻ£֮շлģ
Хֹͣ׷͵ͣȻǲԶ߷ʧɫһ쾳ԲǿߣԼ֣ܹܵˡ
ͻȻı仯û뵽
΢΢üͷ粽ҪХȻһ˲䣬׼Хȴٶת򣬾ֱ̫ӸķӴܶȥ
һ£ͣ¶ŹֵɫһȻˣ
ӵ쾳ԲǿأܵþȻӻҪ죡ҲסˣôҲǴԲǿߣȻˣ
ò˵ХⷬľٶЧҪӴܵͼ֮ʣѾסˣֻؿܣҲǺЦѣһҲ̫СˣԼôһ쾳ڵ˶¡
ڽΪв֮𻺻ؽƵҶǵĴ֮£̫Ӹǿ߿ʼ˷һ˵ˣȲϣҲԵΪѣһĻҡҡͷҲһ
˫նͫһĨѪӰȻʩչֱӵسȺУ
ʱΪתļ룬ͬһɱ¾һ㣬Щ˸ֵһ֮Ѫܵʬ壡
Ƭ̣ǳ׵ؽ˵ĺ˶ǾնɱҶǵԭأƺûȾ֮лعصʬ壬еš
ġǾȻˣ
һ佫Ƭ̣Ҳ͵̱ڵϲͣش¶˽ٺ˷ܣҲǷӦ׷׶һۣضĸоɲһĴ̼ԭΪǱˣȻȴӲػҶ̫ӵҲظиš
һУΪĳ֣
Ϊ˵ľǣʱЩ˸м񣬶ʱе㲻ڣԼ˳ȶѣ
λСֵܣлȣմ
ҶǴʱҲǻعվؾϹһ£ЩҲͬˣһξȵĲǵʳ
𡭡
ЦѣæǷҶ˵ҿ»úһ壬ǻʳĺҵүү


489 ֶ
ԭˡҶ¶ȻɫҲǿصȻĻ⺰һֶɣ
ûϵҲǹһЦ²ɵϸѯʵҶ壬ˡҶ죬ô£
ԣҶҲǵ̾һҡҡͷ˵ҲǶˣǲĵܵܣҪǻΪʣȻ֮ǰǴ㽫λң֪ôؾǿߣ˵ǵİæŻһĻ
˵ͷԼĲ²Ⲣûʲô࣬ȻǵҶ˹ĶǣʵԷѽ⡣
Ҷʲô㣿ҲѯʵȻˣôԸǰﵽס
ұҪϻػʹٹǰҷҰģ¾ʶΣա
ҶǿЦǲĵܵܣ¶ʣȻǳûɳΧ̫ӸͳһʱҲǽӹ˻ʹٹٲ֪£ҪֱӵǻΪʣ
㿴ʳ֮ѹϵҸףԸţ㣡
ʱˮīȷͻȻع£֣ΪĿǰǱؾ֮еǿߣҶҪ˶ԼĻλ»Ϊѵġ
ɴԼүүڱ˵УҶ»ܵǣƣΨӦ֣ͻǱüࡣ
ҶЦҡҡͷģҼȻˣǿ϶ǰǵġ
˵ʱҶҲһ仰ͷˡ
ҪֵĻǾҪˡ
΢΢سһ£ǸХԼˣǲٻصǶӵߣҲ˵ʱӶ̫Ӹ֪飬ڳֵĻǿһ䲻⡣
ҶɨһԼߵҲҧҧͷãȫֶģ
һٴ֮ǰϣҶܹӦһ󡣡
仰Ҷ΢΢شһ£ʵʲôҪĳŵ
ʵҴ˴֮ԳΪҪ׼Źء
𵭵صͬģǻʳҲǸովһ仯ҵǻһƿؾ棬ҶܹػλֻҪҶӦңǻʳΣգȫ
Ҫܼ򵥣ǾҪҶǻʳΣͷȫ˶ѡ
Ҷǵ˵ͷɫԼƣ췢ĵֻҪҶǻţκʱȫǻʳ
ǷİľٶˣЦЦҲ˿ҶĪҪ֣ҸĸǻʳˣһŹأͨ񣬶ٴγ֡
⡣
ҶҲǱʾܹᵽ뷨һµڵʵǽؾҲǱţΪҪִŴŹأǸطΣգܹȥ
ΣգҲҵȲˣҪؾ
Ҳǲýеԭ򣬱شһ˱ֱӵش̫Ӹֱ߳ʹȥ
һ·ϣѪ̫ӳѰǰ˲ٵĻңȻֱ̫ʹȥ˽ԤϵҪˣ
̫ӸʹԶȻҶһ˳ڻʹǰȴǰѻʹŵòᣬ̫ӵģɵǷʲô飿۶ǶڶӵΪ˿֪顣
μ̫ӵ£
ʹ׷ǰݵ£ҶǴʱҲóһ̫Ӧеϣֱӵͳһöƣҵټн
ע⵽ˣҶеöƣƺƱһĶЩʹͷ̧
ţûҵĻôǰڣ
ҶǿЩԼǰĻʹһɵһ
²ңֻӵЩʱ򣬾û˽ؽµΧסˡͷش
ԣҶɫ࣬ɵʵʲôȻܵʹĽ
һԣʹĽֻеʵ۷ܹһӣȻܹЩʵѰ˼͸
ģеԵһеľӺʿҶеĻҲͬ߱Чֻֻڵ£ܹЧ
ҶҲǵ̾һٹٶµǼһҪٹٳĵλˡ
ȻˣǻʲôֱɱȥеԺˡҲĮȻص
ҶҲǵ˵ͷʱȣҲֱӵرµ;ȻڿҶе֮Щ£˸Ҷǣⳡ浹Ϊ׳ۣҲ۽硣
֮ܿ£ҶǵѾǾۼĽڻҵĽԣǲˣֻӵ֮ˡ
ȻµʱȴǷ֣ͨĽ֮⣬һȺɫ׵ʿȫװغš
⣬Ƕµĺû뵽ܰѺӱ߾ˣ
ҶǿЩˣʱǴʧɫɱüˣô˵Ļر߾ľ񲿶ӱһȥ»鷳
ǰһɱۣ
£Ǻ߳һɫĮȻĽ죬Ҷǵ˺
ô
Ҷŭأǳ˶ӵ˽˶ˣڡ
ȻǽƺȫҶǷڣҲǵõ˶ӵ֮£ܵĺΧ˹ÿ˶¶ɱڵģЩɶɳսʿҶŽҪȥҲΪѣ
룡ֱӽȥ
Ҳ΢΢üͷǿ˲ͷŶͬһʱҲǽٻֱӵسȥЩǿҲȻǿܵĶ֣ҶǵڽĲƽµ
ʱµ֮ϣһɫӣɫۣȴվ˴֮еθߴΣԱߣվɫ׵ߣɱоۼٹٽǵͷҷκ
˵ǡ񸸻ʲΣ䲻ʳһݴӹܻʳλ
ƵصȻȴǼΪɨӶǵͷٹϣƺҪ˭Ҳͬģ
Щ˽ǴҴϢһ֮ǰǾԼһϢȻȴûϵȻģĺȳ̶ȣԼף綼ǲŹΪ˵õλֶΣ
Ǹ޷飬ĺѾǽǰΧ˸˵֣ǽǼΪҡ
ȻλûĻҿɾҪˡĿٴɨȫ
װĶܣѵλĿɥʧԣøһô
ڶٹʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲǷӦ˹ֱӵתſڹ£ߺǧꡣ


490 ȸ״
ŻرƿҶǻ߽һѪʱƱøΪ˾֣ǸҪεԣȻҶǣʱʧɫɵ¿ڶôܣ㡭㡭
ǲǺʧû
ҶҲһŭǰ˶ӣʧصҪλɸ˵Ȼø㣬Ȼ˴ؾˣ¶ףıɱֵܣ㻹ô
ָⷬÿһ仰£õ˵ɫøΪ࣬Ȼɫ֮ȴǶȻشһӣɭΣֻҪܹϻλ±ҵģ˭ĺ
ģҶҲҡҡͷԭΪԼܻܹܵͷȴ߻ħΪһλȻ㣬ʲô
ˣ˻λҲǶʳĲң
ҶŭҾΪ˸ʣҲҪնٹǰ
ƾ㣿
ǶЦǻ˻֣Ե춸Ȼվ˸ԵȻҪǿնɱ̫ӣ
ι˵㣬ҲΪܹؾǿ֮ôʱ򻹸Ҷ֣̣뵱ʵۣ
ȻʱһϷŰȴȻ𣬴֮ٹٽһ㶣׷׽ϣǶȴЦϵص˭£Ҳһļһ
ԣҡҡͷƫͷҶǵҶ壬Ҵ㶯ְɣ
Ҷˣδⲻʺϣûˣ³֮ûʺϳ֣ϾԷǶӡ
Ҷǵ˵ͷһµһȻ´δã뽻踸ʷ䡣
ԣҲǵ̾һҶƺ̫ʺΪһۻʣ̫ʴȣ֮£ӶȻǲȻվΪѪϵ޷֡
𻺲߶ͷųƣƽǶӣǶҲǸոͻ쾳ΪҪǰʸԱ죬Ҳǳ䵱һѡ
ɱ
ɫŭȻ޼ɵҲҧɫ׵Ľ˲ֱ̤ȥ
˵Ľɫ䣬΢΢ضһָͷ˲䱬ƾǿƣֱӵһȭŵΪ׵Ľ죬ɵĽ䣬
ֶ˿ֲ𣬶ʱеٹٽһ⵽ĹȻǿֲ˹
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ӼҲǱųһ亹ˣ޿ˣֱӵ̱֮ϣֻɫȴǲ˾֡
Ϊ㹴ؾ˾ܹΪΪô̫ˣһһˣ̵˻ǲǿ
𻺻ߵӵǰһ־Ӹµ̬ɫ˲ҵĶӣ
ӴʱٴҲǲ²⵽ˣԼĴ籾ǱɵģȴΪǰ֮˳֣ӲؾԼĴ磬Լļƻ֮
ѵҲؾˣܣ
૵صѾǳԣĺȻǿᣬڴǰҲǲһȻ޷ԼѾʧȥ˾Ƶƿء
ȻؾˣҪԸ㣬ȴ׿׿ˣ
صҲ΢΢̧֣Ҫӣһ䶸ȻطǶɫ֮Ҳͳһö壬ֱӵ飬ɱңûôף
ȻӵĶҶǵʱú΢΢ʧɫͬʱڵ𡭡סְɣ
Ϊ㵵ػعҪ⵽ô£˲Ϣ֮ʹȻشһΪϢһ㣬˲ϯʹɫأϢȻ£ƺǿ
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˷۵ȻҶȴҡҡͷ͹үү簮ˣСʱ¶Ĵֻүү棬׶޷Ҳ˹Ƣ񾪶үүҲҪͨүүϴѰɣ
ϴѣүүҲǻôöȥˡ
˿λͬʦֵܣʳ۲ôߣΪʧ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮󣬰Ϣֱӵ´֮ϣһλ۵߻س˵ǰ
μڡ
μ̫ϻʣ
ߵĳ֣ٹٰҶڣǹ˿ķ
Ƕڿߵĳ֮󣬶ʱɥȵؿߵүүҪҰ
΢΢ɨһܣ˶ӵϣ簮׷ʲô飿㸸أ
ҶǸҪ˵ʲôȻǶȴǶȸ״ֱָҶǵүүҪΪΪ˲Ҽ̳лλףҪڳңԱԼ˳ǻΪʣ
ⷬ£ҶסˣҲˣǼʶҲǵɴԼ۾ضŶӡ
侹Ȼ˲Ҫ֮ˣ
ܹ˵ߵڰףȸ״ҲϷˣֱǲҪ㣬ֻôܹ˵óˡ
ԣҲǲȻŭȻתҶǣŭҶǣܵ˵ʵ
ҶǿЦѣ֪ôˣͬʱи̾ͬӣôô޴ˣ
˵ǾĬˣôĵӣ
ŭԣȵϢӿƺҪȻʱǿȥˣֵ˶ȥˡ
ȵȡ
΢΢̤ǰһҲֹߵĶǶӴʱȴٶȿڣָүүҪɱҡ
΢΢΢˫Ҳ´һ֮иһĨɻ󣬵˭㲻ʳˣ
Ҳʳ˶һۿǰ飬ֿҶ֪˵ϺͿ˻ô
ûص˵ƫ̻ǶӣҲǾһ
㡭ôĵӣ˭߳µ
ָ߱űҲǽߣӶǶ¶ֻɫȲҪԼүүеĲҾˡ


491 žŹ
һ̣ζȻʩչһǿϢֱӵԱߵҶǲɵżޱȣڶɾ鷳ˣ
ȻӰȻؿҪ֣ɫ˿䣬̯ƣ赲ǰ߿֮еĶʱͣɫΪ¡
һĻ仯õµе˶ס׷׶ӣʲô飬ǵУλڵƢֱӶˣƾ𷽲ָűľٶֱնɱҲ档
ڵı仯ĥ͸ˣǶӻˣСӵĽͣ¾Լĩ˰
үү
ǶӵҲҪٴοڣȻȴغһûֱ΢ĵ㡭ʲôˣ
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ԣ΢΢̧ͷΪ㵵صѵƭң
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һһصǰǲҵĻˣʹнſڵĺνͣһر߾ľųڻʹѵ㲻ÿôҶҪնɱܵܣôΪδʱҶˣϵѪδɡ
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˵ҲԳһЦҲ˶١
ЦЦûм˵ʲôʱ̧ͷһʳΪΣҪæܿڡ
֪ǻʳˣǸϼһĺҲǶкøУȻȴǻشֻҪȥŹأؾС
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ǰŹص飬֪ɷ
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ԣɵ¶һ㵵ɫŹأ
ˣҲûдŹأǰչһ׿ԽΪӣѡһȥŹأȻʧˣãû棬һص˻ʳС
ƺҲ˵Ļ䣬֮̾ұǴĿ֪ŹڵһЩ飬ҲӵؼᶨκȥŹأ
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ŹأһΪŹأֻͨŹأܹһԾţؾУ
߻ؿڵһصĹأһ˶ԣǲѣȻڵؿʼͻѶȣָָΣգ̺ؾǿõĸֽƣÿ˽ȥ漴شһЩƣΨͨˣܹ뵽һء
üͷĸоģΪÿԵⶼһ


492 
λͽܣ쾳ڵΪֻ˵أͳܲˣҪ׼
ѵŹ漫Ϊգ˵쾳ˣǴԲǿ߽ȥҲǼΪ鷳һ͵ó׵档
֪ˣлǰ֪
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һ£ҲǻؿڣһЩ㵡δе̫ˣԽ쾳Ĵڣ
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˵ͷȻҪСΪϣɲòףҲվѰһᣬóһһףͨɫ֪ʲôɣָмΪȥһȵĸооȵǣƺΪŹ֣ԼľҲ޷͸ȥ
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Ŀ뿪صһĴûˣǺúõشŹصҲһɫɨܣȻŹȤ͡
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Ҫ֪ǰŮӵԼ£Ҳ쾳ڣŮȴ˾ˣȻû˵ŮǷ

Ůһڵͬˮһطӿ۶һƥݺݵػ޵Ŀռ֮ϣ
䣡
һͳ촫һƬĿռ俪ʼ־ҵĲռ䶼ڴʱ˿ŤƬ̺һԼĪ˸ߵĹűǻ۶֣
ŵĳ֣һɰĲõ׽ɵʶ˺
ǿĲ
оޱȣ֮дݶǵȲ·Լһ̶ͬжѣͬ˫ŹǦһΪѡ
ȻŮƺǺ֪һ㣬Ҳͬܵһֵǣǹ֮УƬ̣˵ֱӵû˹ڣǺϵĿռҲ˲ػָƽһͬûзһ
⡭ˣ
еĿɿڴؿһУԣеţô򵥾ͽŹأ
ʲôŹصڣҪߵ鼤ѣĿͷ
˷ۣƳһ𣬴ߴٵ˷ʱˣϽȥ


493 
ҲǻعҲһ̤նŷŮһ㣬ͬش߶Լڵ飬Źصڽƣ˲Ϣ֮˱ʧ˴˵أֱӵؽŹصУ
֪ǣŹصھŹأһ϶ͬܰӰͻȻضһ£˫¶˾ɵɫ
ףȻŹأ
ھݵʧظ֮ʱǸоһѹѸٵؽ˵嶼ǰţǸоԼ嶼³࣬ԼĽڵϣ΢΢˫ۣȻȴǿһԼĪ㳡Ŀռ䣬ܿһ
ԭͷ˵ÿ˴ŹĶһġ
а죬ڴͬʱҲûзܴŷһŮӣټĿռ䣬Ψֻһˡ
Ȼڸո̤һʱɫȻؾ䣬һ˲䣬оһǿѹ˲سȻ֮䣬Լǳܲסȱ仯˫ȶǰڵϡ
һԡ
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⵽ʲôŵٶȱúÿ죡
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ҲµصеŹ֣屶֮⣬ƺ̺һֶص͸ڣĺô
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494 

Լļ֮£˺ѣǻ̧˽Ųǰ
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ˡ
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⣡
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Ϣָ״ֱ̬̤˵֮С
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꣡
ǰԶһ˫۾ںڰ֮нĶ˫۾壬֮Уж磬ûд
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ŹȻҲܹޣüͷڻʳǶʱ䣬ٹż֪޼ΪԶԸ
һ޸ŨѰ쾳ǿ޷赲һ³


495 
иϢΪֶûǰԶԸƬ̣ǻؿڵ
ԣҲǲɵһЩʬɽѪޣﲢûжٰա
ؾȻ˱޶ܹҲǸ̾
ȻȴҡҡͷˣȻ޲ޣŹضЩ˶֣ڵ
ЩѵǣҲ¶صɫ˵ҲǼΪ֡
ʱҲǼҾΪˣеҡ
ԲǳɫĻ棬˵Ч
ͷһ޶ԣѵǷ¶ҪæĻôⴳŹؿɾûκεˡ
ʱƺҲûʲôļȥˣ˫Ũ˫ֱϵƶ֣ƺҪ׼ˡ
غһҲǴʮ־ڵѸٵزȫ
Щ̹ǵıʼϵҪʴ壬Ȼ΢΢һ۶ɳɫĻ棬𽥵ر鲼ȫ
ʱʱǸоˣǵȴ̹ǵıҲ𽥵ûǰǰв
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ģԡѪ
ЩѪӿţһϳâӿ䣬һɫĿױǳ

׼ٶս֮ʱعͬǳâӿһһģһĿҲǳϣʱǿѹסҪȥԷһٵĳ嶯
˵ĲһܲʹҲû𣿣
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ַ¼ŵҩǰ洳ļأ̲סΪԼѡص
ʮĵĹؿʼÿһضǼѣ쾳µˣضˣǲᶨ;΢ģҲẬڻþڰ˹أھŹظǱ̬ޱȣҪԽֻԼһĿܣع߸ǺԼһģһȴ֪ʹƣԼ
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˼ٴص˶СһһĵĴһأڼʶ󣬶ѡܡܿûõģᱻ׷ϡ
һȤĿǰ棬ǰڿ񱼵ĳͬһ澵һڰţԱߵͬһͬӰڲɱţеһˣȻ֮ǰǸһصŮӡ
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ţǲԵİҪСӽֱȥղˣǵƻء
ҡҡͷ̾ŮһǿӿȻ
߲ûֹӵĿŮӣµ˼֮С

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мŭ˼ֱ֣ŵеߣά̫ͼתͬʱҲųһ亹
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501 ׻֮ŭ
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ػΪʹϧܹŹصˣûһ˳֣ϢؾؾŶ˱׷׻֣Ҫǡ


502 
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һؾ˶Ҳ֪˴Źء
ػ߻߶ȥʱҲǻǰԶĿռ֮ϣȴһǿʼԼؾ֮ã

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ߣؾԼĹأǵ˼ҪΥأǿн²ɣػŹص߼˲Ż˵ңҿСǼΪᶨѡ񲻽ǵɣҿδزһ¡
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ţػ߲ЩڴǸСӣԼľϲء

ؾһƬӴĵ̶ȣԶڵǻʳǵ򣬶ؾ֮ǻʳЩ򣬸ҪŨ
ؾҲߣΪŨԵʣؾߵٶȱҪ
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ʱڶеĴУһâһʵУϻſһֻʮֿɰСһ֣ʱڴԱ˵ע⡣
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Ժҵ飬ȡ֮֮ߣھǾϲ֮ɫ
һŹصջԶԶˡ׻֮ŭ

ãָĲʱ𳤳˿Ȼ󣬲ŽĿͶ򷽲ųĵطǡ
Ȼ׼ɽʱͻȻŲֹסͬʱдżΪɵ֮ɫա
ߵľͷӰзӶһٶ˲ʣһС
ɣУеǵţŻع̲סʿˮ૵̾
ǾȵĻǲмƳһۣѾȥˣںУһûʶûʲô
ֻҪͻ쾳Էˣټ֡ȵ̲ס˵


503 ·
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ĵطһСǡ
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ףôѾʮˣȴǾ龳Ǿ龳ڼ龳ģ⣬һŶʮһ꣡Ͼ
֮˵жǰδС
ѾŬǳŬˣôûãûðȭͷݺݵǰĵ档
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Ҷڳƽʱ̿࣬ǡûãһôûСûʵôǰ׷ĻȥĻԶɲ˼ڵľӢҲҪԶı˲׶ˣÿҴʱ䶼̫Զˣϸʲôʱܷ
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һȻ֮ɫ龳ڣؾУӦҲһ˰ɣʲôģ
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ˣ·С²ֵûһƷʯС֮ƹ˵
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ڵҩζĴ̼£ֱǳڵķ乧һȻԺϥ£µҩ

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ȻƬ̣ڴĿ
ðɣҴӦ˵ͷӦ˷ҵĿ䣬ԼҪҰæҲ˵ˡ
̫ˣǷƸÿһλ䶼һܡ˵ţǴӴóһѶ
һƣһžӨӣƷʯ
ҷҿı־ƣҵ˶ͨѶ飬Ȼ̫󣬵ҲǼ鷳ƷʯҲ͸áһ߽ܣһЦ˵
ֱʲСǰһʯôںͨѶ飬۲ѡ
ͨѶҲ˽⣬ڻʳʱõͨѶƣͨѶֻҪǳһķΧڣûˣͨѶ鲻ֻͬҪͨѶеľӡǻڣͿƵʹãǽĳֽأĸ
Ȼʢ飬ҾˡûпƷͳͳ¡
˵˵ʲô˰ɣǷҿǷҵ飬ֻҪ˵ҷҶ취æɡ˵
ʵ˵Ǹݣ֪ܷæŪһݣ̽Ѱ
ݣ
һ㶣һ飬ε˵δҲ̫ǷˣǶǸûǶҲ֪˵ǷǷˣǵĴδǶ
ݣƵģֻҪ㻹һ˿ڣȫָﵽƶЧ
ݸʦ׷ĵرΨм֮ȱ
ԣ΢΢üͷתһҲȻȻҪӵݣе㲻ʵˡ
ӵУǵǿǽǸ̤ƽˡ
·ݾںδطҲҪԼȥѰҵͷ
ʱڣҪ磬ЩʵǣȴС
ҪȥѰݣ
㵵ʵ͵ذֵĪ嶯ڵĵطǼΪ֮ڵһʵΪӴƬǵʵΧڣðȥѰݵĻ»ǡ
˵޷ҲηЩ
ҡҡͷЦƺηؾ֮еЩͨǵӵʦ
֪ˣݴǵĺڻɽƬɽǧһΪڵϽ
Ҳ¶һصɫǿڻɽģûеõڵͬ⣬ǱΪ׷ɱ󡣡
νھȻ°Եѵûܹô
üͷԣؾ˴󶼳֮һǸôܻ
ΪڻɽվΪƫƧŲ׺ݵҰޣΪؼǣ߳һ˲õǿߣǴ˺պͷΪһȻҲᡣ
Ҳ˹߻ʵԶǵһЩʵȥᣬûʵǼɵλ߳ȥǿߡ
ȻˣҲ޷Ǹڵ֮ɡ
һЦҲǿһԱߵķƣصһУһһͬȥ֪ɿϽ졣
Ȼ޷ܸڴߣķ
ҲæЦǺڻɽҷԼĪǧԴ˵ò˶þܹˡ
˵ͷҲŷһǽ뿪Ҫ׼һ½顣
ݣ
ܹõݵĻԼԣӵмĺô𾳽Ϊţ
ܹõӳøߣ
̣ǰȷѾ㹻ȥӦһеڲͬѾǽؾ쾳ԲеƫϵĴڣվ۷ϵЩŵʦ
ǵȾǿ𲢷ǲ󣬵ܹؾŵˣΪ㹻ǿᣡ
ЩҲʦΪ˿Щ˵ĴڣҪԼͻƣֻԼͻˣôܹӳǻøӵؿ¡


508 
ڶ峿ڷƵĴ£𻺻뿪ǣٶȻûһڷҵǿߡ
Ҫ˸𣿡
һۣҲǳѯʵͶʿɲ٣Ȼؿȥ
ŸõһƷʦ㹻
һˣҲǷתֶסΣʵ¼ûʲô
ʱûС
ص˵ͷΪ⿴ģĴڻó¼ҵһ£ǵòʧ
ĿǰƻǵõλΣǴǰѰݵ;Уϣᷢʲô⡣
Ȼ׺ޱȣһƷʦӦû࣬Ҳǲôġ
ΨһҪǾǣ𷵻֮ڷŸΣҪ
ڷƵĴ֮£ֱӵ뿪ǣֱǺڻɽȥڼ·ңԶȫ·֮£ǧг̣ڵڶѾӽڻɽԵشˡ
ˣǰǺڻɽˡ
ѵ֮Ҳǲò࣬Ͼڵ֮⣬Ѱ˸ڻɽǲҿ
ԣʱ̧ͷǰֵһĨɫɽҲǵ˵ͷûܹܵڻɽɱ֮⡣
ףƬɽмͷͦļһ
ȻʱͻȻؿڵϸС۾Ҳ΢ﰵ죬˵ͦļһǼΪѲޡ
İɣֻҪȥǣȻûʲô⡣Ҳص
˿Ǽӿٶȣֱڻɽȥ
ſҲǽ˺ڻɽķΧ֮ڣƬɽͬ԰㣬̡
һǣŸսڻɽûԶǿ洦ɼĺǣЩ˵״ƺΪƺ֮ǰ˲ĥ
һĻɵüͷΪǶ֮أѰôɽܵڵ׷ɱ
ȻڻɽΪݵȣһЩΪŵرڵ֮£ʱʱܻһЩҪˮ㡣
Ȼ˵³ǻЩǡ
󡭡ˣǰӦþǺˣڵܲǸطʱҲǿڵƺ˾⡣
㺦ˣ𵭵Ƴһ۷ơ
ƶʱͨ죬ڻɽ֮󣬿ڶĺǣ˵ηƭ˵ġ
дڣСȻҾ֡
Ҳʵػشһ˵ĻڻɽѰ·ڣҲڵ̫ࡣ
ĽеĿ־ҲɢˣʱһУ˺ܴı仯һһУǸ˶Ʋķϲģ֮һж˷츲صĸı䡣
һжģΪҲ޺ˡ
İɣĲ˵㰲ȫеġ
˵ͷڻɽڣɽеޡ
΢΢˼һҲǴܿڣֱڻɽѰԼҪݡ
ǰ·ߣǱܿڣʵϣȴδڻɽʱ򣬾ѾڵĶĿ
ǰǰȻ˸ɫ׺֮¡
ôڻɽߣ
һ̤ɨӶ˵ϣһ龳һ쾳ʵҲӲڻɽֱѰ·
˵΢΢ƳһȺˣԼĪʵȫ쾳
ˡ¿Ǻã
ѯʵ֪ǰЩ޷𣬵ǹؼڣһЩڵĸǿߡ
ݹ䡣
ҲҡҡͷûκξٶԷڵͷҲŭ⡣
˵أϽҹڻɽȻǵ֮أ
һŭ֮£ҲǷ׷¶׹⣬ؿۿҪ֡
λҲǡ
ҪڣȻԷȴȲأûи˵ĻᣬӰ˸ֱӵض֣
Сġ
Ƽ״æǳѵʱȴӦ֮۳һۻ飬ݺݵػӳȥ
һƥ˲غ˳⼸˵ϣķЩ֮⡣
䣡
һ֮£Ӱͬߵķһ˺صǲԶĵ棬һֱ֮ӵˡ
Ӽ֣֪ͨˣ
ȻڴʱһͻȻغȵӻͳһƺǷźһ㣬ۼ⣬ɵǸһĨЦ
֪ͨˣΣ
𻺻Լƣңңһգ˲֮£˵ǹԶڰգɫͨޱȡ
еĶȻҲǵڵϣ˿˹һĻ׷Ǳɫ
ʦ
ؾеˣеģֱӵرϳݣһֻʦܹ
ôڻɽҲûʦֻһЩͼʦϾʵʦҪڻɽ㹻ֶΪõĶ
Ϊ˰ȫǾίɡ
΢΢һЦвûɱ⣬תһ룬ֱӽЩ˵Ļ»ڵȫΧˡ
ڻɽҪѰݵģͻڵ£һ֪˴Լݡ
΢΢һУҲǺģ㽫ǰЩ˾سԾ󻼣ϾЩҲմ˲ٵѪҲʲô֮
ɱ𽥵Уһ嶸ȻرͬӰһ㣬׽
ڵĵӵ±ǲɵñɫǽ¶˾ֵɫһʦȻӵ˾˵ΪǺηʥ
ȻǷӦ֮ʣǰѾǾغǵϣֱӵؽɺˡ
ÿ˽ɫ԰׺˲ó죬ֱӿѪϣ¶ʹɫſڣȴҽжû취
𷽲ѾǵǴ޽ˣҲҩɾȡ
ߣ
Щ˺Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ֱӵرǴŷǰڻɽҲ֮
ݾλã֪
ѯʵ֮ǰƿ϶ǵõ˷ҵ⣬ߵط֪Ǹ߷ơ
ڻɽĵصֻһطǾ󣬾˵ԼĪǧ
ʵػشЩ֮ǰҵļˣȻǡ


509 
˵ͷһ·ֱȥһ·ʹԼľԲһİϢֹͣǵڵˡ
ȻȻǣǰڵеš
ô£ԣռڻɽҲѲߡֹҪŪ⵽ô¡
бԼ㣬ڼǰһξٶǷһȺڵǿߡ
һֶ֣֪μ˽ֻһڡ
ڵǷʲô£ΪξɭϣƷϣʵ
㵽˭ôڣһŹģҲӲʱҲǲŭ
еģҵҪֶܼá
΢΢һЦҲ˫ǿľԺгֱӵû˵Ժ֮С
ʱ˱ǷĲҽҪľһϸشԺ֮Уʹ
˵
һľ׵شݻ˶Է־ĥǰܹĿûмˡ
ҡ˵˵
˱ͷش׵ʧȥߣԺĴʹֱӵѡ
ԱߵķƼˣֶΣ쾳ǿߣǰȴǺκη
Ϊݳʱ䣬ÿʱǸһȺ򣬶ʱĺڻǴڽС
ԣ±΢΢¶㵵ɫԭԵʣѹڻɽĽ䱸ɭϡ
ݱǲɶõıʦԷǳãڵҲǼΪؿأȻԳְѹء
ңһγݣǵĴָҪģҴ⣬Ȼһڳغš
½½ıƹ£һЩϸڣػߴϡ
ߴϽ쾳Բľ磬ȻȴǴ֮еʦ
Ϣ΢΢رò
λ쾳ԲǿߣѾ㹻ļˣοҪټһʦĴڣؾһţӵ˿µˡ
ʱѾǴӶԷĿ֪˴ʱڻɽڵǰ֣ԷҲǲĥֱӵػ˹ȥ
ûʴȣֱӵؽ˶ԷȻڽ䱸ɭϵ֮£һǳʲôĻǿǻڣ
ͷ֮£²ɵǸӽ࣬ԼĿǰΪҪһ£δڵǿߡ
үûʲô취
ҲѯʵϾʵǰһʦǿߣ쾳ԲĳϣܹģǼҲУ
УΨȡ
ҲǷ¿ļˣھԵǰıʲôģǲ𵽶á
Ѱ˼ԲߵʱڻɽжȻشһŭΪġ
΢΢̧ͷԴķ˹ȥ̲סһڻɽһްɡ
ˣȻ޷ΪУԽ޵ǰһƺ뵽ʲô顣
޵׽Ժһ⣬ƺǲ׽ʲôһʱ֮ȴû
ڻɽУ̾żͷΪԶԸޣʦǿҲԸǡ
ٺһЦһǼˣݳ֮ʣȻЩһǰȥʱǻˮ㡣
ǰһ˵ĵȷһǳİ취Ҫ֪ؾʮֵس棬ޣҲǸǿᣬʦǿߣһЩǿޱȵޣҲò˱á
Ȼ˴ݳɳȻЩһǰֻҪԼպûᣬкܴİտֱӵش̵
Ҫ׼ϾǣЩޣһҲ޷ڵǿߡ
±ǿȾٶðżķգһڻɽ֮еޣаնԸڵǿߣɾǰﲻˡ
˵ͷȻҪڣϾһʦǿߣ֡
ƣȻзطǣգټңֻΣա
𵭵ƳһԱߵķƣҲǺѵԼȥʵðգԹ˲ϾʱϾչ˷ƵİΣ
һ⣬ȻܳȻӦˣȻ;ϣֻҪ˲С˱ȻǾȮ֮͡
ʱȻǲ֪Եʮֵգղ˵ʱҲʦǿߣҲֻŹȴδʶǿߡ
˵η壬ȻǼٵģƺܹнʱգȫĶͣȹͷȻǲɶȥ
ţȻˣԺ͸߰ɡ
Ҳص˵ͷǳû̽һ·ƣǷ̰֮ȥĻպ󣬾·ˡ
˹ˣСӦģһԣ֪ýýҲ¶ϲɫǵ
˵ɡҲص
ˣڻɽ֮У֪ģͷΪޣ̾ںڻɽ꣬Ҳ޷Ըͷޣλʦǿ߳ҲҾô˿һҡ
΢΢ͷһϲƲ޴ѾǸԼ뵽ͬĵطȥˣҲǿڵĻӦô
ڷҵõĺڻɽ鱨شʱҲһƻˣҲȤеĻôԼܹʡ²ٹ
ݼҵ鱨̾ںڻɽͷޣֱΪ뻢ߣ
ͷޣ쾳ǿ߿˶ֻ·ߣǿʦҲͷޡ
ƻصû´ĻʱĸһЩƵĴڣϢȻĻһ죬Ȼͷ޵Ļ񡣡
ƵķڶУҲʶص˵ͷ˵û̾ڻɽ֮ãռ󣬿ҲԼֶΡ
һ죬ȻɢΪŨͷǸǧҲȻܹõټĺڻɽȴ޶ȻǱĳֶθеϢ
һͷ޷ݵĳ죬ܹ׵صõݴӶ


510 ֮
˼˵ȥƻǸ󷨣ȻͷޣһĨâҲ˷Ƶ˼
Ƶ˵ͷֻܹСĴۣȥݣһͷޣôȻʦҲǼΪ
ǸʱҪʲôȻ࣬ڵΪʱˡ
СһﻹԣȻȼıȷС
Ա˼Ƭ̣ҲǵͷݲǶʦЧ̺ŨޣҲǶ䴹ߡ
˵ʱҲǵ˵Ȼ˵ĻǾֱǰɡ
ǰĿе֪ݳʱ⼸죬ʱ䲻ˣҪ
ͷ֮£ŷٶȼӿ˲٣һ·ϲϵرܿڵĶĿſ෴ڵĶĿǱࡣ
ֵͬϢȷǶ಻٣Ҳõ𲻸˿Ĵ⡣
һǾЩޣɲЩȥ
ʱУ̺ΪۻϢӰϵش󣬶룬һӰ˫֣ǰһƬܸӨɫ˳˼С
ѾǲúˣݵϢǲᴫݳȥ㣡
Ƭ̺һҲǳ󹧾صӰתĿ¶âһͲ֮
𩣡
ڵԶǧķǶ֪һһɱģǿҪѪɺӵġ
ţƺꡣ
ΪصͷҲ૵Ҫһ꣬Ҫһ꣬ҲҪһ꣬ǬڣȻʨӴ󿪿ڣǿҪȡꡣ
֮䣬˲ޣȻ֪֮кպľͷ֮һһܹġ
ÿڻɽʢһЩŵرǱЩͷϷ֣Ϊرڷܹ޼Ƭڻɽ˸ҹܡ
ճɲϷֳƺŻһٹӶԣһ˲õĶ
ĳҲ½½ظϻ쾳ԲĳϣһʦǿߣȻʵȴûǰ⣬棬ڻǿǵͷɫ¡
ţʱҪܣһЩһ֪жݣڻɽҲǵ͵ס
˵ͷֻټܹһݣڵĻ
˿ںаԵڻɽʵҲĲãһǿߣȴҲֻڹúһѡ
ҪرǿڻǵҪٶһΪǿߣһ߽ʦ
һǰ𩷢ԼĶӵмʦʺ󣬵˷ܲѣӴ˽߾ܵȥԼҵĶӣΪһΪ˸߽ʦЩͷʵҲܹǿԲͷ
һεݿǸöԼǸƷʦƿĶӷõĻôܴļͻƵƷʦ
ټؾƷʦȻ٣ȴΪѰٶǹһʦ
Ʒʦһرʮ֮ǰΪƷʦر塣
Ϊӵ츳ˣֻҪɾƷʦҲֻʱѣ
Ʒʦ
ǵľͷǽ֮Ϊϱɴ˿ɼĵλ
ԣǿƺүڰˣٳһţ
Ƕֿݼ죬ؼʱ̣ɲܸ˴ŵ˻֣λҲǵ˵ͷ׷ɢܡ
ȻʱѾǴŷȻ󸽽տľǲˣ⴦طΪѰ
Сģǰ𿿽ˡ
ȵȻϣʱѾ׵ظϢ˵Ӳ¾ǿܹʹһʱ䱻
ԣȻֹľɢ±ѸٵһʦǿǰɲйֵľٶһԷԼ͵Ǳ¶ˡ
ߵۻϢһΪµĲӦþڵλϺˡ૵صȷΪݶ
ҽܵĽĥһ¡
ҲǴŷƣѰҵҪ󸽽һƧطٺ÷ƣ£µľһϸŵٶɢ
ΪԼľžԵİգ²ûдκεĽƣΧһ̽
ĸ֪УʱƺǴһص֮£Ͽգһ㼫Ϊۻ鲼޷
˸ط
͵˫ѾǲڵõӦĳ󷨣ȻҪƽĻҲѡ
һǰ˸ط˸ط壬ά󷨵תǵƵһĻԳ¡
ֻһ취Ǿǽ˴ط嶼׵Ǹʱ籬Ĳڻɽ˷
ƣҪҶ
ҲѡԼԶ֣Զŷΰγ壬пܻǿߵĲҪٶɣŷƣδܹʲôæ
ˡҿ԰㡭Ƶ±ǼˣΪҪ
ȥƻ󷨣ҲûжΪһʲô뿪ڻɽ
ҲҡҡͷƼ״ҲֻѡطΪأ磬һǷʲôŻңҲǿԵһʱ䳷롣
Ҳһöҩ֮£Գ׵شڵǱܣԼ뿪ڻɽҲ⡣
ǰվĸӦϢȻظ˴ط;Ժز쾳ԲǿѲߡ
ȻҪ֪֮У˴طֲܳ׵س
ԣ׵İ취ǽеһĳ̶ȣð˴ͬһʱ
һ˵򵥣ҪɲôףΪҪľǶľ׼ա
˴̺ĵطԺ֮Ѿǹ滮һΪ·ͼñ뱣֤;вκһڵĳϽ֣򽫻ǴƻǽԼΣյĴ
ʱʵڲеĻֱǿƵһ壬Ļ󷨾ͻǱ
Ҳǵƺеðˡ
ҡҡͷһʦԣ̫飬֮ڣƻһ𵽴ݻ󷨵Ч
ҪƵ󷨣Ǿֻð˴ͬһʱ


511 ¶
ҵ˼ֻҪ󷨴Чаͷһһ£ҲǶ
ΪؿһҲû룬Ȼȴ֪һˣҲðżķա
֪֮䣬˵һ֮ǰһӰ˸ҲǲӣԼӰ
ԷڸǻƬ̺󣬲ûвĴڣȥǰһƬ
ȷ϶Է뿪֮ҲǰոӦѰҵ֮µ壬ҽڳ
ͨˮ͸ԼĪȭͷС̺ų𿴼Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ָ֮ϣָ£֮ڵ̺ʼһһͷŶ
ϧˣܹĻǵʡࡣԱ߿Ⱦٶ̾ϧ
ҲЦЦ˵Ĳ٣̺ΪŨĻȷǸѡ
ȻЩҪάԭλã˷Ҳ˷ˣݶԣЩԵе΢ˡ
ԼĪƬ̺ǽŻԭλãȻʱ̺֮ȴһ롣
ǿĻ޷ֱ仯
ˣǰһ
ɨһܣֲû˵ĳֱ֣һĴ֮棬˸ƺھصȴݵĳ׳һ̣
֪֮Уʱǹȥ˴죬Ҳǽ˴ƻ˹룬̼ãΪҪ֮ڵӵž׼ļ㣬һ㶼УĻǰ
ʱһĹȥھһо֮һŵĵط
ֻҪǽһƻĻôֻҪһͷųŨֱӵس󷨡
Ǹʱ򣬿ڵ˶뵽Ǳ˶ֽˣҪԸ𣬿»Ƚͷ޷ɡ
Ȼû뵽ǣʱھȻһλͻȻ۷ֱӵײ
ŵ壬ɫȻشŭҲŭȵǺˣ
ȻʱҲɫ΢䣬¼ӿͷٶȣϵ֮ͷųǳϼ״ɫ䣬Ҫǰȷľٶ
ڴˣɫ䣬һĻҲԤϵõ³һֻƣһӡ

ȵһӰ˸Ȼ
Է쾳ԲǿߣҪԸ⼶ĴڣҪɣ
ĳ֣ڵĳϱѹ޷𣬵ֻؿ֮ڵͷų
ģȻһڴ£㲻úҲܻۿݾҪ죬ôܹõң
ƾԼ֮޷𣬵ҲǷһХ֪ͨˣⷢ
Уһھȴݵĳ죬ȻرһХ˼ž
ô£
ɫ±΢䣬һɲͷϾ͵ݿժȡʱ̣ôǳӣ
ϵ𿴹һ壬Īǳʲô⣿
һɫ΢䣬ҲǺ˲ʶôʱӲˡ
ĳϣ峤ϣǰȥһԷһ
Ҳǵϣɳǰ֧Ԯ㷢ʲô飬쾳ԲǿӦˡ
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⻰һֱǹ˴ĴţеʵƣǸʦأ
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523 շѹ
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Լ֮Ѿˣ֪۷ƵĴʲôŹԼġ
Ѿ˲ʲôˣֻ֪Լǰ겻쾳ڶѣֻҪԼɱ͹ˣ

ƸջعµĶ̽Ѿؿ֮ϣ龳ɵʵûзӦ
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ԣѧԺӦóΪʵϣ棬ǬܣҲѧԺ
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ѧԺҲϷǳ͵ǵᣬֻÿڣѧԺֲǻǵ˶ڿڱߡ
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ջǿǸղŮʱǵϢȻйصġ˷۵ƶϣ֡
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529 
ĪҪ̫ˣﲻǵ⣡ŮҲǺһ侲Ǽ
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㻹Ǹı䲻ͷʵ˷ۣҲط

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ʱ¶˼ΪȤɫǼһΪ쾳ڣҪǣ»쾳Բʵɡ
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ԱҲϸֻʱȴ΢΢Ѱ˼ղ֪Էʲôаӵˣҳ֣ʹŲʲôڣ̣ҿչ¶ֶΣԼһˣһʦǿߡ
ǣܹΪʦĶǷëǰĴڣȻЩ˴󲿷ֶ֮еģջϿ򵥣ŮʲôˣĻҲһ쾳ǿػš
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⻰һһƬžӵʲôͷÿһڵƺţȻȴֱӵؿڣʵ󣬵жĵǸ˵
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ʵıʣ֪ˣ磡ŷаƳ˿ڵһۣ˵óѶ顣
ڣڴ֮УӰǸ϶ɢԶ쾳ǿߵϢ
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λӿڵڵŷ׿
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ֻҪץסСӣ潻Ҳ˿һ뵽ϵܣŷ׿̲סЩ


530 
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ʱջд˶Ѿ˳˯֮УһҲ׼ϢϰԵþ̽һ
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˵գŷаֱӶŶɽһֱۣǳӶһһߣӶȥǿֱӽССȻΪץסǲϧĴһ·
ڰӺɽߵǴСʧʱջе˷ȻһµһۣҺڵ˼׷ϣûһŭ֮ºɱǡ
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ŶǾͺá
˵ͷ֪ΪΣ⻰·Ҳһ
СֵܽյĶ飬ڻԶǵá
˵ţֱóһͨѶݸ˵õõĵطԸһ䡣
ҲûпֱӽͨѶڵɲС˵ʲôʱõϡ
ŷа׷ʮҲûκεķ֣ɽҲǴԶۻء


531 ۺ
аǲ⼸Ƿˣüͷʵ
ܵģˣСǲصúܺãûκ˵ע⡭
Щǵ˼һ˿˿亹Ѿ
Ӧòܣǵ䱾һ֪ģֻҪû쾳ԲǿߵĿǾԲᷢǵġ
ŷаüͷͻȻһӰǸһֻꡣ
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ŷаһȭһʯ֮ϣʱǿʯķѡ
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ŷаôҲû뵽Լ⿴һǿջûʲôʵǿˣǼǰȥӵģû뵽ȴ©һ㡣
СӣҪٿ㣡ŷаа޵
аֱӻŰɣѧԺˣȥûʲôӡƳɨ˸һۣŷа˵
ѧԺ
ŷа⻰ǰһеһӿɻǵãϴԼҲװȥμӿ˵˲ɫʵֲŮӰ

֮ǵѧԺҪ࣬ѧԺĴҲǳţڣѧԺһҲһ㡣
ȺУҲѧԺ
ףҶŬһٽѧԺģ
һҪΪѧԺĵӣֻҪѧԺԺǼҲΪˣ
һĽѧԺжǷżᶨĿ⣬һμѧԺ˵ģǧ֮ࡣ
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ʮ쾳ԲԵһ̲סԳԾѧԺʵԼ󰡡
ݼǰһֱӴӺһӶվһֻǰĺˮϣ岻³
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꣬С㣬ڵ
죬ڵŷаôμѧԺĿˣʵԴҪ𣿡
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ں洬ֻϵˣڼŷаʱɫһ䣬Ҳû˿İ취ֻҪδ30꣬ԲμѧԺˣѧԺĹء
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ʱ֪ŷаҲǽŽѧԺγɣ˳Ŀ֮󣬻ؿˣŽѧԺĴ
ǰ̽õҪѧԺȻҪ󲢲ߣѧԺҲǴŵȽײ֣ԺԺ츳ܳʦһˣܹΪԺĵӣԺõõԺĵ츳Բ̫㣬ԵõԴҲ̫ࡣ
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뵽Ҳ΢΢Ժô
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һ飬ԭΪֵõʨȻôǿѹѾųԽ쾳Բǿߵˡ
ٺ٣Ҳû뵽ѧԺȻŪôʯ⣬ұ֤ûͻƵʦǰ̶ȡ
еֵͺ̺ѹȻҲЩϣ˵ûʲô󰭣ͷʨʵǿĻͲѸٵĽˡ


536 
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һһ֮ʯмѷУѷǰۿĿͶȥĿԿѨһЩ
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ƾ⼸ˣ»ǹһĨЦ
Ѩ˻Լֵѹ쾳쾳ڵɫ΢΢һ䣬һۣ˭ҲԸȶ֡
ףղǸߵСأ˵Ҫһȥʨô˶ˣ
һ쾳ɵѧԱɨ˳ѨһۣûзΣЦ˵
ߣһΪǵļһѾʨ˰ɡ
ǰ£쾳ɵѧԱһЦ
ʱһ쾳쾳ڵҲǸ͵һЦãɽΪǵˣ³ǵԤϡ
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ŮаһƳ֮أԼҲѰһطϥȻҲԼȶ֡
ʱٶţԭĳѨУһֱʽٶȱһȺȺе쾳ڵѧԱҲɽѨ
żʮӰ֣ҲȻЩ˵ĺ棬УɢϢҲ쾳ڣû˵ע⡣
ЩϵѨеѧԱϼżƵģʱȻǽɫƼΪȣϾǶǴף϶һͷ޷ƥеħ޴ڡֻܹƾսʤ˭ðȻȥ»ֱӱͷǿĴһƸ
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˵꣬ǸõЩעŮӣ쾳ɵѧԱ
ʯ洦ѷŵĳѨУѾʮȻ֮ԶԶǳѨĵͺҲǱ׵ˡ
ѧԱûиģǶڵȴȴʨĳ֡
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СģҪˣһ쾳ɵǿ߼Ĵ֮Ĵ
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ҲͷӴޣأȴӹһĨϲɫΪȻͷʨƺ׺龳Բǿ߻Ҫǿǣһûͻǵϣ
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ɫĿȺУмһֱעʨѧԱܿ죬ʨ˲αǱˣӹһ٣ѧԱûôˡ

Ĳҽ쳹𣬲ֵǣǰɫ֮ûκѪ䣬ЩɫеӰͻȻ˵৵һȻƾʧȥ
һĻ΢΢һ㶣ĿЩǴЩ˵лǻгֵģΪâǴʧ
ƿԶƵ֮˽б֮ʱص飬ֱӴߣĻҲ̭ˡ˿еƣû뵽ССƣȻֱ¡
ѧԺ𲻽ٶ˼֣ɲʲôСֶΰ
ڳѨеӰȻҲǱʨ㹥һ͵׹Ȼ˶ڣʨ쾳Բεʵ
ʵɱκˡ
еѧԱһ֣鼯й
ô֮УϾһЩȷ͵ˣˣܿıŴ֮
ܹ뵽ѧԱȻеģҲǵϣֻ˸һϢı
𣡡
˫ĿʨǰЩ࣬˫˫Ŀ֮Уӹײ֮ɫٶһһɫХ
֣쾳ɵѧԱŭһǿҲǶʨȻ
ݣݣ
쾳ѧԱĶ֣һ˲ʮΪĹ鶼ǺХŶʨȥ
䣡
ʨڶѧԱĹмݺݵײһһӴĳʱɢѨмӲĵ棬Ǳȥһ顣
籩ϯ˫ĹƽǻʨĹƣȻǱ
˶Ȼ
״̲ס̾һʮ쾳ڻ쾳ѧԱ֣ʨҲЩǺ


537 ˳ִ

ڼʮ˵ǰ쾳ɵѧԱٶһֻúǼʮ쾳ڵѧԱҲ뱩ȣѨЩ
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ʮ鹥ٶ͵ĺХ𣬻Ϊһ⣬ᴩ˿ռ䣬ʨӴ֮ϡ
ˡ
ͳϵô˵ֹʨȻҲǱɣ֮ԭâ˸ۼףڴʱһЩۼ
𣡡
ϴʹҲʨŭŭţľβҲǶȻȶ
ৣ
ſ񱩵飬ɫľβͬһ͵Ķ˺ݺ˦һޱļµɫҲǴβȻХ̶̵Ϣ䣬Ǵſ񱩵ĺХǰ
ȻʨǱȺС׼ŭˡ
䣡
ʨֲֿĹƣ˵ɫҲһ䣬æڵ߶£ǵصĹҲǺХ
أأ
һײʱžֲֿĶԺ֮УһЩùļһﱻĳУǻƼ˲飬ΪһâǴ˳ȥ
ʱѨУֲֿԺɵľˡ
һʯ֮˳ѨĿ¶Ժ䣬Ҳе𺳣һĻеһС͵սˡ
֮ս
ԵһʯĿȴǽĶŲԶͷʨ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬üͷ΢΢һ壬ƫͷԼʯƣ֣ǿʯƺһڻļ󣬶Լ䣬һ˿˿͸
ΪĴսı仯𣿡
ЩȻڻʯͷüͷţҲûüȥʲôٶȽ߿ŵĴսȥ
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ʨʮѧԱĶԺһֱڳţʨÿһǿĹƣᱻƾ˵ʱһùನƣչ黹ǽʨѹһЩ
һֳսȻʨʵԶڳÿһˣҪƴۻ̶ȣȻЩô˵֡
ֽսԽȥʨԽΪңܹڳѨĳЩطǱżƻ࣬ǵʵҲȻڵȴƣ̬ʱ򣬳û֡
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ŵһʯѺ֮ϵ𣬾ԵʯҲֱӱըʱѨжɫ֮еʨϵϢҲǶȻ׳˼֡
ڵѾﵽ쾳Բˡ
ɫΪأ֪ղԼŵǿʯΪλһֽҪڻˡ
Сӣ׼ᣬһٽУ޺˱Ū֣ʯ޺˿Ǵ֮ﰡ
ҲѵõһĨ֮̾⣬˶٣Ƿʲôһ㣬˵ǽɫƾʨղųĵطⳲѨ
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ʨƴˣֵǣӰѾֱӽɱǰһ쾳ɵѧԱŭһּһǿ
ʨʱۼѾ鲻˼״ҲǷһ㲻ϵĺšǣûз֣ǰڵǸ쾳ɵѧԱ飬ڷʲôһ㡣
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ʨһâȻһ˾ĿУʨſ˴졣
Ǵ֮УһɫĻУŻУëȻĸо
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ۣ
ʨĿǰˣ͵һ죬һһҵɫХɫĻһʱѨ͵ĶڻŸǷעŻ֮УʱõŲһҵĻ׳һ
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أ
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һ˲䣬ʮâ˸ȻʮѧԱ˲Ǳֳˣ
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ݣ
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һǴˣǸŮֱӱƣʱעȫǰȵ֮ʱɵĽݴʧɫֻļһıƯ˫
Сģ
ʨԵȻǼĻ֪ΪΣӿһĨ̵ŭһӡֶݺݵĻʨĲ档
أ
һȻ죬Ѩĵ涼ǶһԭŮЩֵ΢΢㵵ķ֣ͷʨѾɿˣһ޴ĿѪϵĴʶҪβͣһһߡ
ǣңŮǸֱʨʬӰͷӿһĪ
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ǽɫҲûʲô𰡡
ڳѨǰĽɫƣֳɫԼеĲͬ⣬ûʲô𣬵Դǽֶǽɫȥ


538 ɱ

ʱ쾳ɵѧԱҲǸ˹ٶõЩɱǿ߱ŭһǿĹֱǶĺ󱳹ȥ
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һ˶ԣ֮£ѡǽƣȻȴ˿壬Ͳˣǰ˻ɱԼ
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б¾ãû¾ͱǰ֣
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ҲһۣڵƱøΪǿᣬֵĹǲҲüͷֵĻԼһս֮ˣԼǹ˼Ͼ
ĿǰܹһᣬõĻ¼ֲȥ
üͷ˼Ӧ֮Ȼ˹Ϊ׺ݣκλᣬȻ׽һĨâаһżѸٵ˺ǵâȻػؽ
һƬ۵ƬаһɫҲǱЩһˣȻñ
ǼһеŹ֣ɱ⡣
ȻƳһ۷ŶԼ֮ˣжʱһ㲻ԣ˵Ҫһᣬ˵ҪԸ𣬵û¶Եɱ⣬ѧԱҪɱԼġ
ҲǸעǰˣ˸ۣǲϵ
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΢΢һ£ǰְæ֮ˣȻİŮӣΪ졣
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Ůӵصƺղŵĳͬһ׾֮£һ֮쾳ɵֹƣа죬ŮȻ򵥡
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ȻҲȻصлһŮӵİæǰˣҪԼɫƣ²ǰˡ
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ŮӵҲֱӣֱӵؿڱǾ˵뷨쾳ɵѧԱӣ֪Ǻá
ȻĶǼΪزģɫƾǰõɫƾ͵ǵõ˵ؼ߽似붼˷񣬵ʵϣ˵ͻȻֵŮˣһֱӵҲŲ׵͡
ֵܹĽ֮Ե࣬ʵԲ쾳ܹӵеģҲ˵һֱڰϻټϸĪŮ˿˵Ǻ޻ᡣ
Ұ㣬ôӦһ¡
ʱŮҲǵػعͷƳһ
뽲ĻұȻȫԸ
ҲЦЦе棬ĪʲôԼ
ͷʨ޺Уϣøҡ
ŮӾֱصҪ΢΢شһ£⵹еϣŮӵĿĲɫƣȻʨ޺ˡ
һ£е㷸ˣʨ޺ˣԣΪô޺ˣҪǣҪ֮ڵ޻Ϊպһ޻ļ룬ʵһ¥
޺Ҳƽ޹Ҫģҿ໻ǵؼ߽似һ¡
Ůɫƽص֪ԼҪǹһ㣬ǴĿľʨ޺ˣУΪȹȻǿᣬнס
ô죿ӦǲӦ
£е㷸ˣѯһƺԾ

Ȼ˸Ƭ̣Ҳʨ޺ˣҶԣҲǺҪ޻պͨ;ȥãǰСƺǶĳˣͬҲǻѧԺĿ˵УܹõĻδزһ¡
ܻƣʨ޺˹ȻѵãԱǰŮӵݸΪҪģֻҪһ޺͸ôͻǷһ飬պ󲻹һ˵һЩϲá
Ի㣡
õķҲǰصͷԼز²⵽ǰŮӵݲ򵥣Լԣδزһ¡
ԡ
ҲʼѣͷӦŮҲһӵĮȻɫ֣ƳһллºҪʲôܿڡ
ҡҡͷ黹ǷţŪŮӵ˵
Ůӵļ룬һӵŤת˹쾳ɵǿ߽ѣۿŽɫƾǰҪʵȡᣬҪƴĻδ˵Ķ֡
ʱһ쾳ɵѧԺ಻סˣȻ˶ֱӵؿ粽͵ػһâȥ
Сģ
Ů͵̧ͷΪʱԷлһذףһּΪĽǶȴȥٶ֣Ҫ
Ȼȴǵһʱزǰ;ôе㲻ԾȻڶԷ¶ֵĵһʱ䣬׼˷˸ڵ˲תһۻȭͷݺݵسȥ
ֵѧԱԼɫϲʹõذףڽ񶷸ΪȫѰ·
Сģذж
ѵȻ׽⵹ǳϣذжȻҪԼˣѧԱʲôݣΪ˽ɫƶԼɱ֣ⲻ㣬˶ҪѧԺȻһֳѧԺ¼ȡˡ


539 
תۼĹȭͷӿֵΪŨ֣ڼذһʱǽճȭƶȻɿһĿд
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һǿ˲رǳֵѧԺɫ䣬ֵϢһӱǱÿǰԱȣźܴĲ࣡
˾Ȼ쾳ڣѹܹ飬ֻ
Ŀ½ѧԺζȻرƮеذ׻ۻңⷬƴ֮£û·磡
Ʋڵĵӣ
ڴʱŮӽŶԷʩչĲһӱǵ˶ԷݣƲڵĶزֻڵ˷ܹǰʩչƲôҲǺ֮
ڣԣжʱȻԭڵģѹֻԼôǿɱġ
֪ΣֻҪɱȻа취ң
쾳ɵѧԱԼݱȴûаֵͣ˼Ϊʽȥ
ѧԺ֮УǿˮǰλʦʱɫЩÿǵļʶȻҲǿƲ
ԺɫѾõˣҲǽˣҪҪȫټһʦüͷǰһѯʵ
ȥǴҲ˫ȤĿˮ֮ɱһˣЦе˵
ǡһСˣչأǵؼ߽似Ǳڵˡ
ʦЩ޷޲ƽ˵ԽԽˣ֮ǰ˵˲׼֣ǴʱǸ쾳ɵѧԱжޱȣȻҪǸõýɫƵ
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ǣ
ʦɻĿˮеɱһһʱֲµˣȴҲһɣӦһ뿪
ڳѨʱѾвѧԱĶ˹ڼ쾳ɵǿʱǶʵʵĴһԣû˸ҳ֡
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Сģ
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ȻˣԺߵʵҪסԼһ£̫ѡ
ӡ
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أ
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ʮƿܻȡʮƷʯģǴʱȴûһ˸ǰȥЩɢڵصƣһصĿǸꡣ
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ЦֱӶɢڵϵȥһļ
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ʵܲ
ʯ𣬷Ҫ߿һ㣬һᣬǷˣΪԼҪСϣܸоһõɵΣյĸоôϵϢ쾳ڶѡ
ˡ
ʱüͷ΢΢һ壬ּóǿɫơʱɫƲס΢ţҪֶһ㡣
˽ˣ𷴿ƻὫһֱӴȥɻ֮ʱʯҲһͨƣͬڲסĲš
Ŷ˵ͷʯ֪Щˡ
ˣ
һɴ۵Ľɫâֻоǰһ̲ס΢΢˫ȵٴ۾ʱ֮ǰĵطɽ֮ǰĹ㳡ϡ
ৣ
ৣ
ۺ󣬹㳡Ϲâ˸һâжǴһӰƬ̵ʱ䣬㳡Ѿ˾ʮˡ
ʱжһ˿ã֮ɫȻûдͻȻ͹ѣѹ
ǺǣСһǣϲͨѧԺĿˡ
ڶãȻĹʱֻù㳡ǰİգâۣһϵӰĸ˳
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ѧԺȻд˵ǿߣ߻ѧԺǿİɡһǵ֮߱ǿɵ𰵰զࡣ
ϷѧԺĸԺ촿ҽǽѧԺУ׷·һɬףЦе˵
֮У˿ֱӽԺȽ˴εĽǰɣȻõ˽ɫơ߿Ц˵
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ŷаŭȣֻӿֱһȭʱһ񱩵ͬһ㣬Яſ񱩵ľϯȥ֮ʯĵ涼Ǳ˺ѿ


541 
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̺ľ磬ֱ˺ѿ˿һεľڼ滹кüߵľ֮ʱѾϵĿҶɣһһĿӺҲǳ֡
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ͳ߽Ӵըȭͷӿǿ;ѹõһ֣ɫǱһֵĮ֮ɫ
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Сӣڸó汾°ɣȻûлˡ
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Ļɵɫһ䣬γҲǵԼڵ飬ǰСӣɫֱͬǽ
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ৣ
ֱӽһ̤һ˿ϣδŵӰӶ
ٶȿ쵽ֵزȻЩͷۣôû뵽쾳ڵСôٶȻ֮졣


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૵صҲ΢΢ر˫Ժ֮ۻľ˲ɢĲһɼΪļ֡
ϷۿλʦҲǲɵ΢΢һ㶡
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һ̣Ȼ˫εľ˲رԣӲԿ嶸Ȼͣٶüͷ塣
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ʱõǳһԺ֮еʹɢˣ˺꣬ɫΪ԰ף˵ǼսվûС
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˵Ļ޿չǰĲͬλѧ޿ϵĵȻǱ˸࣬ռʮĻ޿
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ˣȫ˸ҷԺ
£ǧͨǧһۣͬһʱӡһµ˲ܵĿռ俪ʼǱһֵĹųǰ
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549 Ժ
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ˣȥɣ֧Ųס˾;ţû洦
ڵһνԼ忹סֳ֮Ȼǳǿᡣڿ۳˽ĲĻʱ󣬵ʦǽ޿
ллʦ˵ͷڽ޿ֱʱ̲סһ顣
Ĳһ죬ҪĻʱ䡭ѻ治Ͱ
ڽĲ֮һң˽ȥ
ˡ
̤Һ󣬱Ƿֳеĳɫ飬ЩУЩޱȵϢ
֮£ҲǾһȣƬ̺ˮǴ͸˳
ָоڵĲ࡭̲סٶȸпֱϥ£תŷʼ
ಣಣ
ȫת֮£ⷿеһۿɼٶȷɿĶϯȥ
Щ̺ſ񱩳֮ҲҴ⣬Ҳڷо飬ͬʱЩųȥ
֮£ʱڲסʶһʱܿŹȥˣյ˫Ҳڴʱ
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״̬ɵȭͷҲһϲ
棬Ӧþöڡϲ֮ʱƳһۣ˵
˺Ǳ˷ӡסˣڵڳ飬ɢһЩ΢Ϣ
ü˵бǰֵ֣طôܷӡ˵ڣ
𣿡
һ⣬һ뵽Լܽ㣬ңĻʱҲ漸ɫǲɵӿһĨ֮ɫ
Ҫ취Ūʱ䣬ðҲкɫĻ޿˼૵
Ҫ𣿡Ƴ˺һۣ˵һսԺô»ٵ鷳
鷳𣿡
ǹһĨǳЦԺɲѧϰηģң߿ɴûȱٹ鷳


552 ʯ
֪ǣĲ֮ʣ㲻˶ǶйעţһЩΪ
ףһȥˣСӻ棿
ǣ̫˰ɣڵһҲˣȻڵĲһ죬һνӴܹһˣѾǼˣһȻĲһ졣
ûмǴĻˣǼһ̤ĲʱҲǼ˰ңԱͬ
ڵĲĳڣ˶۷׷ףͬһЩ³Ҳ˾
ȻǰʯһҲǽĲ㣬ֻΪܲסڵĳȵĿ飬˰ͳˣȻȴڼ֡
ʯ̾𵽵ʲô̥ǵȱϢʱˣ޷Ļ»Ƕɾ޴ķɡ
ʯʦˡ
ʱȺдһʯ˼оѹҲǻͷ㵵˹ȥ
һȺˣȺ߳Ϊ׵ӣò֮䣬ʯżơ
ʯ
Ķǿߣ
ʯĳõò˽һ㶣ԣǿôǳ仹ʯ
СôҲˣ
ʯɨӹȺҲע⵽Ⱥеʯɵ΢΢㵡
ţ磬Ҳˡ
ϵǣʯȻƺʯΪ磬֪ˣҲ⣬ǣʯģûм
ҲãʣҲ˷ʱ䡣
ʯ˵ͷƺʲôǵĲ㣬ֻܹ룬һε˴òɣ
ʯЦҡҡͷҷݣǸһ
ǸһνܹڵĲһļһ
ʯ΢΢һ֮ǰǵõٵϢȻһεΪ죬ΪȤǣǸܹͷ̤ܹһļһ
߾Ȼͬһˡ
е˼һʲô
ʯ΢΢һЦҲǵԺĹҲˣˣԺǲ۸ʯá
ʯȻһЦҲƳһʯܵ磬̣һôͼǣɡ
С𣿡
ʯҲûзϣһЦȻһܹ󣬱ϾҪôԽҪôǱɣȻĻԺǴ粽С
磬ҽ˶ν»ʧԸ񣬹ƲӦ㡣
ʯǳǳһЦǸ֪꣬ΪжһĨζ
ʯ΢΢һ㶣ЦСô˵Ϊ㲻֪ҵԺеĵλ
֪жѧԱԴҪԼˣһԼ׳֦᲻ͬ⣿
ôöûСǲǱڻԹȥˣ
ˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǺǣһĺɣһûܵܵΪ˼ȥͲ֪ߵغˡ
ĲĲ˼һȥôûûгɵķ׷
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۲֮ʱԶҵͻȻ򿪣˾㵵ĿУһ޳Ӱл˳
ţôôˣһ߳ңĲ֮ʮԼЩ˵ϢԲ
ˣһΪʲôء֮ʱʯһ˿ǵĻ
лġ
һӦ˽һ㶣⻰ôоôأʯʱС΢죬ֱӵףͬСһ뿪
ģʲôأҲǰŭԼһҡҡԴǹЩҵ˦
ȿȡСѣǰɣ
ջعʱһɿ֮ʯߵǰʵ
ʱһ㶣ȥڿʱĿⲻɵ˼֡
ǰȻûɢʲôǿ鲨ǴӺϣȴоһּΪֲѹ
ȻʵԶԼʦǿˣ
Сʯ˵ͷҲʵĳƺʵƲߵݡ
ȻǸˡ
ʯҲǵ˵ͷЦûȤˣ
ԭʯȥ˶һľ֮ɫڿʯȻʱжĽɫ
Ժ֮вһЩϢ֮ͨˣʯݣж֪ˣˣ˵ֻҪѧԺҵ󣬱ǿԽϵǬڣ
ðȻܵʯʶ
ֻҪˣ˵պ˳˳ˮļ嶼ܵӣϧ˼ҿǡ
˶һ˽ǵĿⶼǴһ˿Ľɫڽ̸ˣˣԺҲ취ͽͽˡ
ȻܿеĽ֮ɫǱ˲ţΪʯ룬Ǹֻǵ˵˾䣬˼ڼҲûʲôȤ
ʯɫҲһ仯һɿֲϢĴɢⲻѿеŭ֮ɫ
Ȼܾʯ룬治֪֪η
ĻɫЩԺ֮ôʯӵģǵһ˰ɡ
Ѿ󣬵ʯպԺӶȻʮֵľʡ
ɣСѵķϣҲΪ㡣ˣң˵ĴΪ㳨šȻʯûоʹ˷쭣ƽ飬һ˿Ц˵
˵֮ʯһ֣˵ĳԱǸֱ뿪
磬ôСӣôô
뿪һ˵ĳԱЩʵ⻰˵ĳԱҲһɻ֮ɫ
ʯʵͱԺ֮˭Ҳֱ棿ʯ֮ǰǿߣҲ׵ȥɡ
㲻أʯԣǹһĨЦ⣬˵
죿
˳ԱʱǸоһͬɽһѹǻǲףʯΪλǸվڶ˵ǿϵ
Ҳڻ׷лĶ飬ͬˣͱȵ컹ҪꡣʯƳһۺ󣬵˵
⡭
˵ĳԱԽǻһǽԺʱ䲻꣬Ȼ֪Ҳͬݻ
Һһˣڲμʢ󣬾͵뿪ѧԺˡʯĿƵĿԶһ˿ӵɫ


553 
ǡ磬ҪҪȥӽСӣȿڵǸСĵĶʯʵ
ã˳Ȼͺˣǻȥɣȥҵʦе顣ʯ˰ֱ֣ǳ
뿪ҲǴӻ޵˳
ιӦûһ߳Ǽڻ޵վŵʯʯǿʵ
ʱûС
ʼ˵ʵ治˵֮У˼ҵɣҲܻЩԼҲϲġ
ȻʯǹһĨЦ⣬ʵûôɣ
Ҫ֣㿴һôɵ߳𣿡֣Ц˵ӽһЦ
ǺöҲ죬͸оҪͻƵˡ
ڽ̸ʯ˵ɫЩաΪķ̫ЩԺܶȡʱֶΣ߱
ʱ𣿡üͷ壬ЦҲûа취
ţ
ʯĿ𣬲ʲôİ취ֱǽͷ̧Ŀǿ޴ʯȥ
ֻҪ񣬾ܻûʱĽÿ춼òٵĻʱ䡣ǿ֮ͬһʯЦ˵
Ҫ񣿡ʯЩȵʵǵ˵ͷûзϡ
⵽Ǹ취ʵǰʮпܵģĻЩЩˡ
ʯü֪Ѿ߱˳ʵĻȻٵ鷳֮¡
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˵˵Ļʱʱʯɫһ糺죬ҲһŵĿźߡ
ͳ޿΢΢һƻգһɹۻ糱ˮһڵΧĿǲ
֮ӿԵĳɫҲǲϵԾѾڵ飬߶˼¡
ȭͷ֮ϣɫ龡ǣֳɫ֮Уһ΢ɲĵ֮ɫ
䣡
һ˲޿һȭɫˮȻ¡֮ΪһɫƥݺݵĶ˸źڹĻ޿˹ȥ
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ͳȻڻ޵һȻĳԺеѧԱЩ㵵̧ͷȻǱǼǵ·ӹʣԺҫľ޴ʯ
ݣ
貵Ĺֱӳ޴ޱȵʯУѧԱ㵵ĿϣֱǶ֮гȥ
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ڻ޵֮ϵʯϣ˶Ŀ񱬷ҫ۵ĹĻһȹֱԾ
ɫĹâڴﵽǸɫʱٶȱͣ΢΢ҡţ͵һ˵ʮԭĵʮȴֱ˸Żʧȥ
Ǹ컢ֵʮˣһﻹǵùÿ϶һݡ
ףβǸֿڳ񣿡
Ժ֮УһЩŽ˸񣬿ʼֻʱռʮǵɫâҲʼɢΪ˽֮
ʮԺһ죡

Ժ֮еշ·˲侲˾ԶԶĿⶼڴʱ㶣Ժһ죿
ǲսԺ𣿣
һȻֱӳʮĪΪ˻ʱ䣬ϧʲôǿʱԼΪ𣿣
Ժ֮Ҳûзķ
Ժ֮еİһ˲ǺȻǶ궼ûֹˡ
Ǻǣ˼ˣһȥˣǸ컢²ưոݰ
ŵˣҪԴˡ
ٵ֮ԺȻ˶Ȥĵȴţ컢ζԴ¡
ÿЩԼʵˡ
ڵʮͣס֣üͷ΢΢壬ȻûжԼȫȻЩ
Ϊ˳񣬻Ϊ鷳ʱеȥֿ֪Լ뾡Լʵûʵ񣬵ʱҲֻȡ衣
ʱԺһߣһʯ̨֮ϣһϥŵӰȻ۾
˫ĿһŴѶС
һԺȻҸ߳ˣ
ͳ֮ŭ֮ɫǱȥˣҲǿ⡣
ȴǱһոԺһ죬ͷûվȵ˳ȥԣֱһ衣
Ժ֪ж˼һЦϣ
ģҵʱֹͣˣ
컢һĵ㶯ʲôҲҪúõĽѵһ£컢㣬ʲôѧ

һˣӸոսһǳʮֿνǳ׵ؾԺҲǿʼ׷ע⵽ƥĴڣΪѸٵسϵʮôпܻټǰ壡
ˣϵΣθģ
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˵ʮҪΪΪʸ֮⣬ֻҪеҪȡǰĸ֣;ֻһǾǵսʯҲǴ˲ٶԺΪ
ҪսʮǾҪھսʤĻͻȡΪʮ֮˳λȥ
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΢΢ؽһ£Ϊ˼ҪսܹȡƾΪ϶ϾսУɲ˵˭ΪߣܹռݾԵƣðء
Ȼʡһ㣬ֱսһֻҪӮôϲ㣬һˡʯЦеص
ҲһЦأһλʦǿߣĿǰʵȥѰ·ô
ˣʮҲÿܹжĻʱ䡣
ʼҪΪ㣬Դӽ뵽˻û˻ǲŨһǧݡ
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һ£ܹƵͣڻһݶô޴ջȻǰΣѾȶ꣬ûб仯


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ȵȣ㲻ǻҪٽȥɣʯĶɵǲ
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еĻܿͣһʱˣͻƵƾ裬ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ܿ죬ܹһԾ쾳ڣ
Ȼ磬ԴԵһֻ𶾣ʦǿߣҲҪڵĻ𶾸ɾˣٴѡ룬ȻĻЩڵĻ𶾣ǻһػۣһǻҪС
ʯɻѵҵĽǣϢһ죬һڵĻ𶾣ȻĻ󻼣
ףѵЩǳԵĵ𲻶
Ҷԣ⡣΢΢һ㶣Ҳ΢ЦŻش
ҲǵĹ⣬Ͼ˵Ѱ˵ʣո죬ô͵ûȥڵĻˣһΪĴڣ˵˿ηǻ𶾵ʴ
Σԣһ˸󲻵ƣҲΪʲôһƾʲôܹڵĲһҪԭ
ţʯҲǲ֪˵ʲôãаȥԸ𶾣ȻĻʱۻڵĻһ˭ҲȲ
ԺУʵҲвΪ׷ѸӶðճʱڻ֮ȻյĽǱʴ
ٶȽ˻Уע⵽ʱɵĺ䶯¼ȻϤޱȣǿֱӽĲʱ򣬷׷ҡҡͷ
￴ٶɾţ»֪ǶôµĶһȻʦǿߣҲ޷⡣
ֻδЩ˵뷨ڵĲѰһΪĵطܶû̫˴ţλôڵĲ룬ǳһ㡣
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ǵӰڷ֮ϣע·ˣȵ˵ǲǣǸҰҴϼֲ¶˲ɣ
ʱǼ׹ԭΪ֮ǰ鷳ġ
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λѧ֮ǰȥˣɡ
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ǽС֪Ҫ鷳Ķ컢Ц⼸ֻСϻҿ˳ۣյýѵһһС
浱㲻ɣ
컢ͱ˵̬ȣ컢˴ʱǱŭˣͬһһʱ䵹ҲƲ
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ŭ컢һȻӴĲֻǷ֮Ϊ컢ͱˣǵͬ


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ϾܽԺˣʣԲ̫ҲӵһЩԼĵƣ
ڵԽԽˣ⼸ոհݵСӣҲ°
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£컢һЦһǶԺȥӰѸٵʧ
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һۣҡҡͷЦЩ죬ܳȥľȥɣǸһڼ죬ûջҲͻԼûȤ߿ˡ
ЦһΪЩǹ۸˵İ
ìܣԺ֮зҲ٣ֻҪŪ̫ĶѧԺĸ߲һ㶼ǲġ
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еǳڣĴЭڲϵķǿ񱩵飬£ЧҲ൱֮ߡ
ֹȥһʱ䣬ǲԼѾ쾳ɵˡ
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һȫ߶һĶãһŻеĿ飬һ߻ڲϵʯеľ顣
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ңеȻŨҲ棬еĻǱ뾲ģһ˺һգ½һ죬ͻἤصĻ𶾣ʱ˵ˣ»¾޴
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ֵȴһȱǹȥһʱ䡣
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£һֱ˽ʱʱ䣬Ȼϱ˼Իǵ顣
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Ĺ룬ԭѾֹͣ˵壬ٶ޵׶һ㣬顣
ӿ룬һʱǻͣЪڵϵٶ˫Ŀ
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۾һһǿĲȻϯе鶼ǲסĶ

𻺻³һڻܹ֮оˮһ㱼ڵۻ飬ǿ̶ȣǰøΪǿ
ۻ֮õףڵѾͻƵ쾳ɣ
һĨЦݴɢظһȻɴ˴ʱʶеĻͻȻɢһĲ
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Ȼ״ֻ̬Ҫһ֣;޷ɹ
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ľģֱŭˣ䣬˳־Ͱеʯ˹ȥ
ݣ
ССʯ鱻ӳȥֱһһ㣬һƷ֮Ŀ֮£˿ľ֮ϡ
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ССʯ飬ȴһӲһ㣬ڿľϣʱ֮ʹ˳ľҲһ㣬ʯϴֱӽҷ˳ȥ

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Щݣ˵Щ󺺣˲ʱȴЩĪļ¡
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ܹӳһСʯһʦ۷ǿҵѪˣʲô֮ô
ʱѪĿľȴޱȵľŭ
ΪĴѧԺ֮׵ĺɽѧԺԺ˭η֮ɫ裬һСʯѪ


576 ߼
ϴĴʹĿ⣬ҪˡڵֱӺԶĻݺݵĵǸݵ꺺ӡ

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˾㵵ĿУǸֱǶĿľԺƣֱһġ
ӽ㣡
Ȼ󺺵תЩĮܶ˵һ㣬һ嫵ƣֱ˹ȥڿľԺͷ֮ϣֱγһž޴ơ
أ
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ʱɵ˽һ˲ͷԭǻֵµҲҲ
Ҫ֪ؾУǶδ߼Ĵڣ
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Զңң﷢һе𣬴ʱҲ΢΢һ㶣ǲ˼ĿǸ󺺣ˮ޵ˡƽ壡
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ѧԺеǿߣһֱ㰲ĵȴţ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôǶ֪ˣûϣõˡ
֣ʵֲֿޱȵĴڣԺˣҶʲô˼ˣͱЩˣʲô˼˼һָͷܽԼѹ
ڻԶУľĽų棬΢΢ؿڻ֤ţ֪Ϊ̫أѵȫû˼

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磡
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ڼֵĴûд˼ʱ˸⣬һЩΪԼҪ˳֣棬ʱͿʼһʱ䣬ɱ֮ٶ쳹ǽ̰׵ı¶˳
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СӣѰ·
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ڵˣ
Ծʱ¶ϵıǣڿϤıʱвһĨ⡣
ƣָˣڵˣ㽫⣬˻ϡ
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һɫɭûһ˿ɫһֱ̤Ӷǰ͵Ϯ󺺱Ӷȥ

һ㶣ЦŭһеĴֱǼ͵ľ磬ݺ
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磡
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ôǿƣ̲סһ飬ȻţǻûԴ󵽣ΪԼȥսʦǿߡ
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żϵıˮ޽еȻĻˮץӸˣǼΪɽһ㡣
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ˮ޵ģʱЩգ뵽֮ǰԼ˵ûͷˮްæĻֻðҧ
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ɨһȦûзʲô쳣ʱɽһ˿ŭɫǹɻֺƣֱǶѹȥ
ģͷ
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ܣɱڵĵӣܵȥ
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ۣ
˹ҲѹƲסڷڵѪֱһѪӿп
Լһ󣬽³һѪͼɽһĨ֮ɫѹСܻɱԼ쾳Բǿߡ


577 
ܰܰ
ɽڰзһ׷һЦͬʱһ᲻ܽѪƥϵĴɽĺ
һ׷һϣܿ˲˵ע⣬ЩҲǱŹ֮ƣûԸΪһ쾳ɵСӣȥ֮һڡ
أ
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ͷ
мֱֱߵȻͷϷŪǾ֪ȴҲûбİ취ֻƴĿ񱼡
ҲҺ볣˲ͬѸڣĻǲϵķµҩҲˡ
ǸҪְһѲڰУһűߵһ̲סŻʵ
á
ƳǱѵһۣ˵ԣ˵ͷĿٶȿϡ
ҵģ
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촿ɵɫһ䣬Ŀ⼱æ󺺿ȥȴǾ㵵ķ֣߲ûпǣǿһ׷һӶ߱Ӱ
һѹֵƽУһ˿ŭ⡣
⣡촿״аһĿ⿴Ժ

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ڣУҲܹĸ䣬ԼȣǾ㾡ڵȫҲû취ȵСˡ
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ϲģһΪ㲻أ
ĵһԵĵϣѾûж˵ɽ޺޵
㣬㿪ˣ
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ˡ
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Сӣ
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߰ɣҹȥŲסˡƽںɫİĻ˵
Ĳ£ֱһ㣬뷭Ļȥ


578 
ƽԴ̬Ⱥ󣬴ӾлعˣʱͿʼлں޲ѡ
Ҫ֪ʶͳְæˣ˵һɽˣڣдѵԸ
촿ԺԺλϡ
߹촿ǰʱ壬΢΢
ڸղɽϷŪʱпɺ촿ĶȻƽ岻ֵĻҲðԼ
Сӣ治ԺĵӣȻɽǸͷ¼ôá
һĨοЦ⣬ֱóһŵҩݸ˵°ɣΪЩʲô
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촿ԣжʱһĨϲ֮ɫȭЦлˣ
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һ֮𣬵涼΢΢Ƭ̺ƽʲôûзһ㡣
ˣѾѾŹӡˣպŹӡ֮вΪѧԺѧԱ֮أʲô鷳֮£Ҳɼе
ƽɨһȦ˵Ҳ̫ǿʮʦ۷ˣġ

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ѹʮʦ۷ǿߣ
ؾһŶٸʦ۷ǿ߰
˵ֻҪŹӡڣպ󣬾;û˸ѧԺˣ
лˣ
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꣡
ԽӴʱϵĺɫʱǶƽֱӶҪҲֺ׽ٵ˺һ㡣
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Ȼ˾ĿУ˺ʦ۷ĺɫֻںֱ£Ǳƽ÷顣
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ĻڶǿΨпЦв֮ˣȴëû̵һֻҡͷЦĿš
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Ȼԡɵ˵ͷȻɫһΪԺУƽ
ղ۸ӦǵİɣҲպټ
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ɶƽ˵ͷƽֱӴʧѧԺ

ڹصں̶֮ϣƽȻǰѾõ߰˰ˡڳ˽ʱңŻ³һڻ֮
ڻָˡ
΢΢ȭͷ֮ǰǳ֮У̤ϣɽ裬̲סȭͷЩ
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ܽȻáƽ˵ͷ˵
ˣ
ƽһ֣ǰõǿֱǳм䡣
⡭
ǰƵˣͫ͵һЩʵƽ壬ˡ
ѾˣԲȥս׽٣ں׽бݻˡƽҡҡͷ˵ȻǱݻˣ֮лһ˿ԣһ˻Ҫ٣͸ˡ


579 
ңһ㶣Ǽᶨҡҡͷ˵ƽ壬ⶫ̫ˣҲա
ûǵˣ˵һһ㡣¾£īδѻ˵꣬ƽһ֣Ļ
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͡
˵ı仯⺮̶е¶һּٶţ֮µλãޱȵĺ̶ڵİ˲ǱڻһĿӰ
ĨĨͷ˲䱻ڳĺˮСصŵĳɫ棬ȻнҪ侲ƣȻЩֹ΢š
Ҫ֪ö˿ؾдﶼİڣԼǰ
ôŪ
һ֮ǿ򶨣Щʵ
̶֮еļ֮ȻĻᱻġҲ΢Щص˵
֪ҪѸٵıǿ⻹һ˿Եˣõķ쾳ɵʵҪˣɲʲô򵥵飬ջǼߵġ
š˵ͷֱǶں̶֮ϣֱ۶ź̶ȥ
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ֱ۸һ뺮̶֮У̲סһҲΪ֮һһֱ֮˲Ӻ̶֮ӿֱֶӽֱ۸

߶ŷתһȦŸоֺһ㡣

аһһȻзĳ̶֣һɭ׵ĺֱ֣ǶԴȥ
Ҫһиһ㣬̶֮ˮ˱顣
ˣ
Ҳǲɭ׵ĺõһ˿̽ľڽӴɭ׵ĺʱֱ΢΢һֺ䣬Ҫ궼һ㡣
꣡
ڲѸٵԼڵ·ʱֱǽֱ˻ǵֱǽ𸽽̶ˮһ˿˿ĺ͸Ǻʵı㣬ֱӶӶȥ
⺮ʴû˶ȥֿԼӶƬ̵ʱ䣬϶һ㱡İɫ顣
ЩĸǣȻһҵĲ֮ʱֱֺǶ͸ȥУǸһ㱡ı顣
Щķ֣ЩȻԼĵӶʱɫһ䣬ֱ黤סǿֲĺ档
浽ʲô
£ֺֹͣ˶ʴʱļµ˽̶ˮһۣһĨɵ֮ɫ
ܸо̶֮УһּΪֲĺղţԼһ΢ĺ˿ֲ
ƽĵط׽͸ֻҡҡͷȥ飬ǽĿ⿴ӴĻ档
ɱС⣬ɲϴεõܱȵģγ˺󣬻ǵģȻʧˣҲԶǶδܱȵġ
˶٣Щصļ˵ȫԽǶ״ݻ٣ҪͱƺãʧȥƣȻĻΨһ

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͡
һһ㣬ɢĿֲ£ʱõһ㱡İױһ˵սľٶš
ৣৣ
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ܣ
ǿһһּ֮ʱҲŻԣһԭº͵Ļ棬Ȼɸߵڶ𣬽Ŀռ䶼տЩŤ
ǻ֮Уĵλãһƻ֣Ǿ˵ľڣץ㡣ǷڵĻ棬пٵ˵
Ļ͵һ̲סһ飬һ˫۾ɵϴ󣬰ȥǲô
ԺٵתţȻȶ񡣼Ȼ˵Ǳɣܹޱεġ
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ڻķڼ䣬̶֮вϵˮڣΪ⺮̶ЩԵʣһ̶ˮҪŻˡ
ں֮£һЩĸ£͸壬õڶһ֮ܵС
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ͣ
ֱ۵Ż֮УֱϸǵֺҲǿʼ˼ٵڻЩһҺֱ̬ӱֲĸ¸ճޡ
ֺȻڻ֮Уڻü죬ڻ֮ʱڲϵ⺮̶֮еĺЩľѸٵĽֱڻĺ޲ϡ
Ļ渽ѾȫڶİڣĽŲ̤УǱһɫĹһ㡣
㲻ϵڻ޲֮Уֱȫ̽Ż֮С
۾Ҳգǰĳɫ棬ڻ֮мٵץţ⻹һ˽ӽĻ棬ĻЩ
֮£ֻҪֱϵĺһ޲ôˣ¾ͻڶ̶̵ϢʱУΪһ̲ǻҡ
ڹ̶֮ףһһӰǱˮ޺ƽ塣
ˣܳɹ𣿡ˮ޶ƽʵ
ܲܳɹҲ֪Ѿˡ
ƽҡҡͷЦ˵㻹ãϵĸȻСͿסˡ
ʱɫѿǿּ˵ĸоѾ̼ͬһŻ֮ץš
ȻͫһץסһͬСĶͬʱһָΪʹ֮Уϴݶ
𵱼һҧֱӽֱ۴ǻ֮г˳УһżСҽһҺ壬䶯š
ŻֱɵĻʱ𽥵СΪһϸСĻ棬еҽ֮С
˵Ļ𣿡
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УѵõйһĨԥ֮ɫǻ³֣
ҲǾᣬˣļУû쾳ΪȥģĻ̫ˡ
ʦˣּˣҲԻǱڵȥҪˣҪյУʹɲһܳܵ˵ģңʱ̫δ֪ˡ
ǣѡҪΪǿҪ
ٴΣգ
ʱҲ΢΢һڵĶĵŻ֣˸һĨ֮ɫ
μᶨּľʱУҲżֿ־
Ҳֲ֮ǰ˵ܣۼģȻ˵֮еǼɢˣһипܻʬ޴棡
ĳĬһƬžһʱ䣬һɳص
֮ɫһԱųĬûпڰοȡЦֻǾĿ϶ˣţ꣬ʧ
ԥ䣬һɵĽ֮ζƴʱ͵һ˲عһ˲ҲǱ쳣ᶨ
СӣԼɹģ
ɫüᶨһĨ͵Ц⣬˵
ţҶԼһ򶼺ģ
Ҳǵ˵ͷӿֳһĨõЦ⣺ҵţҾǵóѵģ
ֻаʱˣǰûа취ȥȻ
뵽һԵ˵ͷǱ۾ĺһΣתŷ
һŷתĴ֮ϣǻҲΪһ˳ֱۣڡ
ڴͬʱ׻һ㣬͵ľһֱۣһ˲ͱͨպһ㡣
ǿڴʹ֮Уϣ𽥵ĳڡ
ں󣬶ʱһƬ濾ĸйУʱڵྭ֮Уǻһ󣬱ǻΪһϸСĳɫ棬Щ̺ſֲµĳɫ棬ھкҵĴţһǰĶᱻֲֿĸ£˲ճޡ
СˮӴȣ
ڵ̶ײƽҲЩص˵ԵıˮԣֱǴһΪ壬һɭ׵ĿֱֲӴбŷ̶ˮ֮ϵХȥ
ڣɫĻ治ϵشھȻ߶Լڵ⣬ĳ¶ȣȴ
ǵȳɫǻ£βܵĻЩɫ»ǶɾлԵĴ
ڳɫķ֮£ʼ𽥵رе㲻ԭľʱڸ֮£Ȼ𽥵Ťͬһ㣬ȥΪؿ¡
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ġ˵Ȼǿֲȳ̶ȣ
аܹظܵԼڵѸٵɢ⣬޷ȥɫ¶ȡ
Ҫ֪Լ߶ȫ״̬֮£ԼǱ˵ʴ˵زڵһ;ƿݵĵزµʱΪ
Ľǣ˶ǱɫĻޣǸʱƽǿ߳Ҳ޷ȡ
ʱȻشһһĺֱӵظԼ֮ϣͻȻĺõڱڵȸо𽥵ƽϢ
ɭɫĺʼ˶Ǹסë͸ڣܹܵԼƺ𽥵رýӲ֮ϸһưɫ
ɭɫĺ͸ڣȻ˳ųɫ֮ʼ𽥵ظȫ
Ǳɭɫ֮Ѹٵسһ㵭ı㣬Ҳ˵˴ȸо泩ǱһӵرǷ
֮ڣɭɫĺ룬ǵԳɫ¶ȣҲǿʼԽӴǴԼеĳɫ档
սӴ֮ʣбǰп̺֮࣬Ǿпޱȣ˱ԣʧܶɢе̺һЩĵԹ
ҲˣҪͼЩѶڵ죡
һνӴʧܣû˷𽥵ס񣬿ʼһһεؿԼڵĳɫ档
һһεʧ֮˶ľˣ֪ԼʲôʱܹɹܷΪĻᡣ
ԾȻ˼ͣ
ƽʱȻޱȣʱͲ²⵽ǣܹʹ֮£Ȼʹƾ־ҧļˡ
СˮˣҪȫǻе飬Ҫʱ䡣ƽҲ΢ԱСˮԴ
̵Уܹ֮˰ȵسˣһнǶСˮɭ֮Ȼ޷ܡ
Ȼڶεʧ֮Լ֪ǳԶٴΣĳһεĳԵУڵ鶸Ȼһ¡
ϸ΢ıʣõʱǻعϲķ֣ԭԼڵĳɫ棬ʱȻһԼ£û֮ǰǰԵޱˡ
һĻʮ㣬Ǹ󣬵سŲĳɫ档
һʮ˵ϸСĳɫ棬𲻹ǰסһҪ»Ҫʱ䡣
˺õĿͷһоˮɣʱѡ
ʱ䲻֪ţǲĿľУ𽥵رһһƳɫĻţǰͬЩɫʱȹһʱҲԵ˺
Щȹĳɫ棬£ת
ף治ôͽôȶˣ
ƽһĨ֮ɫôͽЩȶƺԤϵĸΪһ㡣
ֻǿʼϣܼȥƽź̶ǵӰе૵
ʱСزһƵĳɫ棬ھУڲʱûʲôʱһǼɫĻת


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Ȼ㶯ȻЩ춯ϵһĻľУԭɢԼĴĳɫ棬ʱ˿̾Ȼ𽥵ؿ£
ʣĳɫ棬ʼ𽥵ںɢڵʮ˵ɫ涼Ǿںһ֮ʣȻ۶һɫĻ档
ɳֵĳɫ棬̲סһɭɫĺǣȴܹܵ䴫ȸо
ں֮ĳɫ棬һõ궼Ϊ֮ĸол۳һȷظоЩɭɫĺƺе֧Ųסˡ
˻ֵںȻǿֲ˹Ȼ֪ҪľǣסɫھԼķתȫ
ˣ
Ƴɫһתǻ֮УƺһĨ֮⴫һֱ֮Ǵ͸ɭɫĺ͸ľ֮С
ôһ˲䣬嶸ȻһĴʹ˲ȫû۷ڣֱӵػȥ
ͻĴʹҲԴһѣΣ˿˿ѪȻʱѾû·ˣǿʹ࣬ʱûתǲϵȥͨƽ
֪˶ãЩĻ棬ǻƽпЦһٶСȥԿ档
ֳУȻűˮ޺֧Ԯ֣ʱ꣬õԾ˿ͷ

ھһʱʱ䣬ת棬ھУŷתһ졣
̫ˡ
תһȫûһзмΣ֮Сһ죬ǻּûб٣ȴоԼľľ޴һּƣ֮ҲǴԺɢ
˯һ
֣ľȻһ㱣һͷð˳
⣡
ԵȻһΪ֣ɫʹࡢ尾֮ɫڴʱȻʧˣȡ֮һɻ֮ɫ
⣬ɲǴźɹˣһƣ˼޵ı֣
㱼䣬ǵֶȻЩһָ£ϵʴ壬ȵ¶ȣɢ͸ƤƤͨޱȣеĲλѿһ˿¶еѪ⣬Ѫ͸һ˲Ǳ濾Ѫ衣
Ѫڶ̶̵䣬Ǳ鲼ȫһϸСĳâĴдԶԶĿȥһԡѪħһ㣬Ϊֲ
ںУʱ״ƽҲ̲סһĳ˵ǻֵѾǿʼĿˣȥô³ֻһǾֱӵرѿ
ҪҪأ
ƽ΢΢һ£ȷǿԳֱ֣ӽǻȡĻƱõúܾ޴ĴˣһЩ޷
ˣٲ֣¿ɾˡ
ƽԱߵıˮ޴ʱҲЩƣԴԴϵĸЩʼԲˡ
ǵȵƣ˲Իֱӱǻֵĸ¸ճޣǻҶ£
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ƽ尵̾һ׼ʱȻ̶ԺС
ƽһ㶣ֻεʼҪ֣ܳôҲ޿κΣֻԱߵСˮסں֧Ԯ仯Ͼʱʧȥ֧ţ;ȫʧˡ
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꣬нޱȣԼΨһϣôվͦˣôܵ
ʱ޾ĺڰ֮УһϤӰǰסĸסˮӡ㡭
һϤӰϵĴǰӹҲǳ֮ɫ
ۣ
ڴʱĺ֮ϵһѪƤֱӱըȻȴûвһ㡣
Сӣѹ㲻ȥǻôҪŮ˰
ڣѾʼˣʱҲ̲סŭӨҲǳһĨˮ
⼸ۼ֤ĳɳϲŭ֣ô̶̵ļУѾԼȱٵһˡ
˵ʱɻɫȻޱȵķŭ֮⡣
ٺ٣Сӡ
УЦݸֶһеĽ
Ⱦָģ
ŭһֱһȭŻЦȥ
ۡ
Уǳһ΢죬ӰֱӱɢȻһ˲ǳһ࣬һ߽Сӣǻ̲סҪһٵааЦ⡣

ʱȫŭ֮ţѾ𽥵Ǻڰ
ۣۣ
ǼѪⱻըѾѪˣıѾԿ׹ǣ
С𣬾ҡ
޾ĺڰУſǻ޵ί
СӣǴ򲻹ҵģǶһڵģ
֪˶ٴΣƣͣԼνĶӰǲƣŰĴЦš
˺۵ϣѪᶸȻۿлȻ
ʶ£ƣȴһĽգģʶУ𽥵ɢ
ˡ
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ս׽ٵĴڣǰǰҲֻһĶΪĳЩԵʣѾ޷ս׽ٵˡ
ڼôãҲǾƣˡ
Сˮ㡭⡭ƽź̶֮ϵӰСˮȥ
ۣۣ
űˮ޺֧ŵɢз˷űһ죬ϵѪⱻըɣը֮£ҲǶ˺ü
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ƽСˮھ֮ɫͷ
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ۣ
һؿڵѪըǿŲŵǵǰϵһֲֿٶȣʼɢ
ûˡȫûˣϼһϣҲûˡһ峺飬ۿл
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ǲĻ棬ҫԼһ㣬š
Ҵˡƽ棬³֡
һں׽еˣƷ޶֮ˣŲ֮ͬСˮİ£һˣˮɵġ
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Ȼöˣ׽ٽǴݻˣУǴһ˿ڣһ˿ԣֱƣ֮ʱԻ󣬵ʧܣ
һޣűյ𣬾þԣ֪𡭡ʧˣȫıջ٣Ϊޡ
һֳƵգأ̶
Ȼûз֣ڻ֮УѾ¶ϣһĨɫĹâţ˫ڳһɫЩ࣬ǻסĵ༸ط
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Сӣߺáһƽȥ
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ޱ𣿡
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ʱǻعˣеˮ˲䱻ֱӻΪһ磬ݺݵĻС
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΢΢ŵһĨǸ⣬ǻΪ֮ɫ
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ǸʱʶеǵɢһµĲֲ֮£˻еһĨһ㣬ֱӱݻ١
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ƽ壬Сˮлˡƽͱˮ޵˵ͷм˵
ƽ󷽵ĸˣû취ȥôඥǿȥᣬʱǺ֮УҲǸܵһ˿ˮ޵Ϣ֪ǱˮȫԼ
ܳɹԼı£û¾ͺˣúϢɡƽ֮ǰ״̬µ˵
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ƽɫĴڣȻǺ棬ҲûȥʲôϾÿ˶Լܡ

һתۣʱȥˣں̶֮ϣյ˫ĿҲһ˫ԭڵͫʱȻǱ˳ɫʮ㣬˸еϢ
ɫͫһᣬʼ˶ȥ˫ƻգܹоǱӿĿ֮ǰǿʮֹ
ţŷа컢ּ쾳Բǿߣֱһȭ䱬
ңľ磬Ҳֱ쾳ԲھӯҺ̬飬ǵҽһ㣬ھתţټķеļӸС
쾳ԲҪҺ̬ѹɹ̬ɣ
һ૵˵죬ҲȥԣǶûгɹҲҺüΪ̬ȥԡ
ˣܺһ㣬תɺ󣬾ֱȥѹǿǼΣյ顣
ûѧԺˡ
Ӻ̶վֱշںƽ塢ˮ޵ǴǷӶȥ
ṳ̂ʦڻ񾫴飬ټľƶȣѾڿжݵķˡ
ǿԲۣȫ֧ʱķС
Ժ޼ɵķУڹ;УȻٶҲǿ̶̵࣬첻ʱ䣬ǱѾ֮С
Ǳ̫ҡ˺á
ڿǶ䱩Ӷȥʹ㼱ӣǰٶҲҪ̶̵İСʱǽС
һϮ۵ڳвûʲô˵ע⣬ҲֱŲѧԺȥ
֣ôô춼ûŷаչǵˣ
չĵꣿ㻹֪ѾˣֻĴˣ
ڱ𣿣
꣬С㣬⣬ùŴ󼪡
·ϣЩ㵵֮йڱģҲйѧԺǰ²ġ
ڱ𣿡
ҲһĨ㵣бȻǸɽ׷ɱԼǲǿ߶˵ģԼƽܣЩǿ߾вϣͽƽģһʣʦǿߵȻвǿԸ֡
Ҳãʡȥǵ鷳ǹһĨЦ⣬ҡҡͷһ·߼䣬ܿ죬ѧԺĴŴ
ǰĺ׽٣ඥǿߵսѧԺԺƻ߰˰ˣΧԺûܵʲôݻ٣Ϊ


583 ûث
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ĸһ޵еߣ佻ףȡˣ
ȻҲ֪еĻǣܰѧԺƷӡȡˣȴǲɵʵ
ˣȻ֮ʣѧԺ֮⣬ŴѵӿǼԴҲҪѧԺ
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ѧԺſڵɫҲЩΣҲֻܴȺУѧԺĴżȥ
ʲôȥͶ̥𣿡
ӴС壬ͦģͷúܰٷ֮ٽѧԺһ㣬֪
Ⱥм𣬶ʱ˲˵ŭǷŭѧԺſڣҲû˸Ҷ֡
Ŷӣӵĵȥ
ҪԺһѧԱֵĵǡ
ѧԺſڣиʦ۵ӣһߵǼţһ߻۲ųӵĶ顣ʱһǿкХһӵ˸ֱӺɡ
ݣ
ȺмȥۿѧԺĴʱһһǿǼٵķ
飬ȴûһ˼ڱУǱɵһ㡣
һſġ
ٺ٣Ǹ֪СӣûǶʵʵŶô
ʱЦ֮ɫ˲ǳһƬյȻŶӵ˶ֳ棬Ѿֲˡ
أ
˴żЦĿУǵǿ޻εĺϡ
е鲢ûзվŲδ˰벽
˻쾳ԲʦĹСӾȻƾ͵ˣϲûаĲ˶ʱЩĿࡣ
սѧԺȨʦǿߣҲԻԲ˶ߵġ
ڼûк˵˼ֱӶʦȥʱǰ
Сӣ򵥣
ֱӶԼ߹ĵʦɫҲЩأӺϣһּΣյĸо
СӣѧԺɲĵطȻмɵʦͦͦţǳ
һ㶣ȻʦԼˡ
ԺѧԺ𣬼ʦ
һ飬ЦһǷóԼĺɫ޿ŵʦ˵
Ժ
ɫĻ޿ʱʦһ㶣ֱǶ˵ͷǵִİɣȥɣԺǷ˲ٱ仯
лʦ
˵ͷĽĿС
ԺѧԱ
˵ѧԺΪԺԺ˵Ժ֮еѧԱһе̳
ѹô쾳ԲĹû˿⣬ԭԺѧԱ
ӰѾʧ˵֮Уǲ˻ǸԺǶġ
ʱҲм˸żᶨɫǼţһ죬ҲԺ
ڽѧԺαǶԼڵƬڵķӶȥʮӺٶȻǰľȴǰϤˡ
ԭļ䷿ݣѾʧˣȡ֮һŵķݣĺۼȻǸ޽á
ȻǰЩݣ֮ǰУѾȫݻˡ
һ½ķм䣬һ޴ңɷĿ̻š׻ơ֡
ûߴط
֣ǹһĨЦ⣬ԼڵЩʱգʯ׻ţģ
һŷǰ棬һƬտĹ㳡ڹ㳡ϣڶࡰ׻ơѧԱţ֮У˵ӰҲС
ͻȻƷʱõù㳡ϵڶѧԱɫһ䣬ż۾һվǱǼһӰӹ˹㳡֮ϡ
𣡡
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˷ܵЦɢŽɢһĻкݺݵسһڶ
ǾǣѸɻ˵䣬ֱӻˡһҲЦ
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ʱʯҲЦеصɱˣԺУɢ洦ɼҲǶǿ
ԣɫ𽥵رأȻԺ٣ɢҲ΢еȻɲ׻ܹ˵ġ
ˣ𣬻·ҿҪ׻ƣ㿴˼Σʯ΢΢ƳһҲѯ
һЦЩͽȥɣţǱزٵģҲֻҪֳĺģҪʲô˶н
ģ°ϡԣҲŵ
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˰ЦѸɵĽ֣ѾԼĿǰʵһЩ˽⣬ϣĲಢ󣬶ÿ˶ھĸж١
쾳Բ֮ϾʦͻƵʦ֮ǰиΪ΢СȼǾαʦ
ûв´Ļǰʮĳȴǰ֮⣬߸ˣ¶αʦľ磡


588 
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ڶ峿׻Ƶ˶ǼһʯĴ֮£ƺƵֱһ·ϣͶĿɶǾη
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ǻȫѧԺŵӣ˴˳ڻʱѾǾۼԺѧԱٴοʯҲʯĸ磬ǰĴڣ
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ⷬжǰ̾ȻذƲʹ˰֡
ȻҽˣսȻҲý¡
ȻԭΪƫ̻Ժûаԥ֮ɫֱһھӦ
Ȼ֪ΪԺὫôҪ꣬ԺûƵذƣҲòѧԱԵ˵ͷ
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589 α
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ذƼٻ֣ȻҶ²⣬⽫һսܹƵذƳ֣ҲͦˣҵϣǸѶɵ˱Ƿ˲źá
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ף
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һĨЦ˵ңҲ뿴Ժͷ֮꣬뵱ұжٲࡣ

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590 潻ս
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Ҫһս׵˵Ӷؽ˵ΪС
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촿Ա߸̾㰲ĥһĻպ廹һ
ҵ۹ǴģСϵܲ٣ֻǺЩ˱Щడ
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ȷ츳Բ֪ÿһˣǣʱ䣬ȴˣ޷ͻƵĻֻ£ȥʮ
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ݣ
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䣡
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ݣ
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ѷݺݵĳ֮ϣʱһҵĲȴذƵǰǵѷֱӻΪСһѷ죬ذ¶˹ȥһֱӵս̨ıϣǻֹͣ
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ذƵѷʱڶ淽һͬ˵ѷ죬ҲĿע£ȥ
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أ
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591 Һڴ
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ʱûмų֣ղһԭΪƾܽģû뵽ΪԼԵдʹ˵΢ƣǶ۲ĸ£еƣܿǻָ˹ղһģûϵϢаġ
վϢȶʯֲԵɻһЩԵ׻ƵˣҲصһʵԶǵ
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ذҲǶĵ˵ͷ㵹Ҳмֱ£Ҳû̫ʧ
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Ȼ쳹˴ʱЩĿ࣬𣬼ֱǿû߰
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һԺһµԺķȻƣ
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ԭǻҪ̲סǳذƣڼĶʱɫʱһ䣬ŭҲڴʱȥ
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ذӡı仯嶼ǿʼúڰģ
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˵ڴʱȻһص˵

ĸ֣ʯʱ䣬ʯһ߼ؼؼˡ
һʼذƱǶ˺ֻޣûϳʱذƽת֮ʱǲڲˡ
ս̨֮УҲ˫Ŀص嶼˺ɫذƣҲﴫĿֲǸоһŨŨΣա
һѹеļ¶Ϥӡһµӡнӡı仯˫ƼĺɫӡҲӣһļµϢҲǴɢ
仯ȫע⣬˶ǽĿͶ˫еǺɫӡʱǶͷһ
Ǻɫӡ֮УǸоһּ˾˵鲨СӣŲĵư
СӽҪʩչطҲͰȥȻذƵĺҪǿ󡣡
ڰе΢΢üͷЩص˵ʱ꣬ǿʼһĨ֮ɫ
ս̨ߵѸɣڼĻʱȴǰߣСӣذƵĺҲûеֿ֮ģ
ʱذǹûþͽܣҿպβ񡣡
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ذĮڼ˫ƼͬΪɫӡʱҲǷһ㲨ܿıɢΡ
ĿУֱۣңңָ
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ذƺܿͿ̤ʦ˰촿ԺһĨɫ΢΢ͷ˵
ԵļҲĬĬĵ˵ͷԺֻЦЦζĿ·
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ս̨֮ϣʱݺᣬһ޴ޱȵѷ죬ľһӿռս̨ǰĳս̨ݻ١
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ԺȥɣиԾ顭
Ժ׼ֹʱ촿صȻ𡣺ԣ΢΢ҡҡͷʱסǸͷĶһԣɱǻԥĳ֡

˿ȫ̫ͼתʽںһ
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ХҪռ䶼˺ѿĳǹ˫֣Ƴ
ʱһ貵Ĺţһǳһ㣬ȻĻգ;֮û
Ȼû貹ţȴõԺȴﶼɫһ䣬ΪǷ֣ǹ֮ˣ̺ɶëȻĸо
Сӣ죬ѾǿᣬǵͻƵʦǸжôײСвɵͷ


593 Զĺ
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õǸеĿ¹ƺХӹʵһ㣬˾ĿУȻײ
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ƾո֣һĹƣҲǸԽ̺ǿޱͷ˳ԼĪɵ籩ͣƬռ䣬ЩŤļ
˶ǽעӴޱȵ籩飬ҲԽԽ񱩣籩ҲǿʼŤǿռ䶼Щ޷ܵļ
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磡
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ʱ͵ˣҲǻعս̨󣬶̲סһ鴤Ǽʵս̨Ŀģһ޴ѷţͬһ㲼˽ɵս̨봦һ޴ӡ
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ֻǣڵϵĺڹ⾡ȥǻһĨѪҵͷԵǱѣϵϢήҵ˼㣬Ҳû֮ǰִݺǿ֮С
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ԺѧԺֶ˸СǿϲɺءԺԣһ׷ϺЦ
ԺҲ΢΢һЦǸ̫꣬͸ˡô˵ҺԼѧԺѧԱ
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ѧԺ֮ǰʥ֮УѾ죬ûлˣһЩԺɼǣһʥᣬѧԺ޷ĻǺпܱĴѧԺĳƺš
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ʵһеģΪѧԺǣѧԱʵˣ
˵Щ˵ѧԱ츳ãֻѧԺûвȡһЩԺļʽѧԺκѧԱӵȵʲôֻһݣǾѧԺѧԱѧԺҲΪκ˵ݣκεŴԣҲΪ£ĸţ޴ĺôѧԱ֮ϣԣЩʱǵĳɼȻǻ󡣡Ժ˫ָȫѧԱУȴԵøΰǵͳĶۻصÿ˶С
֪ѧԺյĵطչ뿪ǻȥĵطƴȥĥȥսϣÿһѧԺѧԱպ㾭˶٣ֻҪѧԺͻıӻ֮ѧԺǵĺܣ
ѧԺһƬѧԺʦǳϣɵӰȣѧԺ֧
һЩѧԱ⻰ۿ΢죬ڴʱһΪѧԺһԱĽ޹Ĺ⻷ǣѧԺǵůĸо
Ҳ㶵Ժ΢΢һĨůЦݣѡѧԺȷġ
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ԺѧԺ֮ڻ棬ΪΣյĥ֮أֻʣȴҲ̫ˡ
ΪԵʣѧԺ¾ŹӡӡҲΪӡõǣҲΪȱΪҪĥ֮أѧԺЩĳɼ»ĴѧԺ֮һĳƺţҲǱ᧿Σ
桭̫ΣˡԺĬ죬
Ժһ䡭쵭һЦֱԺͳһһٵĵǿ֮·̹;
ؼһƬΨǵͳصѧԱ¶ʵͦǹӰβסĳ羴֮ɫİֻõ񼤵
⻰ҲǲɵĶӣ˼ֺøС
Ժ΢΢ĬεһЦȻһδɵСӸѵˡ
һԵ촿Ժڶ೤ҲЦЦ
ǰھŹӡ棬ǶĴڣȻǶˣżߵΣա
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ڲԶ˵ʯ΢΢ҡҡͷǲҽ룬ֻǣ󣬻ǬڵڴóȻΣյĵط
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Ŀǰ⿪Źӡ֮󣬻ԣǸĶᣬҲڴܹ룬ȻĿǰֳʵȷǷǳؾޣҪȡһʥʸ񣬻Ǹδ֪֮
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ԣҲ¶ǵɫڷʲôʣȻǲҪ֪ڻڵУΪġ
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ʱ䲻࣬һ֮Ҫ̷Ժڵϣɶϰ
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ڸǶȥֱӷ׻ܲ˽һϾһκܳʱ䣬ԺȻǰʱ۸׻鲻ٷԺ˭֪ͷ׻ƵĴʼˣǻòͷˣ׻Ƶ鷳
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ʯüͷ˽⵽ǿһõطһЩҪ붼ûǸͣȴƫƫȥ
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ʯĸʯܵĻʯһЩֵ鷳ҲܹӦǲôġ
˰ϲ˦ƹ񡣡ʯ˷۵Ҳûܾ˵׻ƻһġ
ˡ
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ʯüͷȻ֪ȥʲôڻжξģҪ·ĻԼĪҲҪüʱ䡣


595 
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һЦҲǻֱӵ뿪Ժһ·ٵѧԱȻЩѧԱڿ֮һ¶˹ɫ
ԭذƣѾǳɹȡذеλá
ǰʮκһԺ涼þԵ뾴η
ܿ뿪ԺֱڶȥϾڲҪϵĿĵأҲǻѲٹ
ǰڣ»ǳְһ·ϣҲǶ
ǰڣҪֹǻ֮ǻڵ֮ӣ˵ϴģǿ߸棬ڵȻҲǲͣҪֹǵҪԡ
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ԣһҲϸһ£ҲǸİ취ֱӴ߾ˣͲŻڻѧԺҪˣĽȥƽæ
ĸ·˻ڵǣ
ڣʣһƬİǿߣҲؾڶ
ﲻĳţҲĺһǻڵܲ棡
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૵صҲǻ˽ǵȺС
ε飬һЩƻΪڻڵϤȥҵԺӿ˵ڳϣ죡
ȰѻȻǽжᣬڽǱǷȻе㲻Ծǻڵܲȴǽ䱸ɭϣǼʲôһ㡣
ڽֵϣһȺ۷ĵӴҡڵس֣ܵ˼˷׷ױãߣ΢΢ɨһۣĥţǷ⼸˵Ŀ̽һЩϢ
߿㣬쳤ټǹȥ鷳ˡ
⼸̸֮Ҳһֲ©ĶУüëԼ⼸ƺԼҪѰ쳤ϵˡ
Լ˳Щˣ˵ܹˡ
ȥ˿¾Ǹһϵ˶Űڻڸڼ΢ЩСϺ׿ɾ͸갡
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һ˱߱˵µģԶظЩ˵ʵЩ˸޷˸٣ֱԼĪǣһƬ繬Ľǰ
һȺΰĹʱȴַǷһϲϢ͸
ȺڵӣֱӶͳһƣǱнС״΢΢һ㶣ûлڵӵơ

ʱһһЦݵĴֱǶǴŴȥ
³ȻǰСʧԶӭ˰ʱһϤЦݶȺ˹
ֶҲ̫ˣϲӣȻҪĻļһڻĴ½С
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ǰЩӣԼ˵ڰ飬ϣ棬ӣȴ̫Զ
ʽʥӣ˼ȷЩ
ƾЩϺзסң
Ŀ˻ıӰһۣζһȥʵһЩ쾳ӵѲ飬У׾ٵġ
ʱڻһУΨ˶Уһʽڵĸס𱱣
̫ϳϱչأȫ֮Ļ°һЦĶԵ˵
𱱣ûˣ˵Щ׻ֻҪסӦϷҪͿˡ̫ϳλڣҲܲ˳İɣ
ΪӣһĨЦ⣬Ц˵ųغͻƵһȻҲͷеļƻ
ʧˣٺ٣Ǿ͡ҲһĨɱ⣬˸ĨӵĶ
ףˡʱ򣬻С
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𱱼߽ûаܻ֮ɫֱӭȥЦ˵ϵˣҲ͸ˣ
ڻǼ˽̸䣬Ҳ͵͵Ǳ˻档
Ǳ벻úǷ֣ԼǰŵԳϵļӣʱһͬڵװš
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596 Ը
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һ˫֣˫Ƽƣò졣

ֵһ˲䣬̫ϳϱǲˣǾļʶҲǵһμصңУĪĸоһ泩֮Уڿ񱩵飬ڴʱ԰һЩ
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ӰӼ䣬һҲǳ˻Уһ˲Ľۻİ£׵Ļƿգۼʱ䣬֮ǰ

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ৣ
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ĳеĳʱһֻ޳ָָ̽һһƳɫ鼫Ϊ׼ĻǱĽͬʱһҲǺĶŻĿȥ
Ȼһһ࣬Ƕ㿪ĹͬʱڵӿŵĳҲһĶŽĲסһӰҲ˲両ǰ


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ĽӰӰȻʵʵЯǲСǵѹαʦǿˡ
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ৣ
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ǰǵɫӡУһӴһֲֿĻ֮һ˲ǽƻ߰˰ˣһҪʶݻһ㣬ΪʶлµľӡǣڵʶѾɢˡ


601 С
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ͻȻɫһ䣬ǰ֮УȻһѪ£һЩϸ١
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伸ǵһʱ佫Ŀ⿴˰УǸǣƵꡣ֮ǰȻǱסˣǶ֪һġ
һ˲䣬ֲ֮Ҳ𽥵ȥ
С𣡡
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ԼʥҲҪȥ׼׼ˣʦѾֻһˡ

صѧԺҲǽ˾Źӡ֮ʱѧԺŵţѧԺѧԱ֮Уʥʱգڽ֮ޡ
ԺǰĹ㳡ϣ˺ѹѹӰ졢ơˣվȺǰ
ǰ棬Ժ촿Ժڶ೤ϣǵڡ˹ģѧԺ֮УΪһĻˡ
Ժ֣صżѧԺˣĿɨȫ˵յʱ䣬ʥʱˣһεĴѧԺԣжҪҶѾ֪ˡ
Ⱥǰ졢ƺҲɫµĻͷһΣȡõĳɼĻѧԺᱻժĴѧԺ֮һͷΣѧԺġ
ʥʮԺһۣǵһβμҲҪظ
Ϊʮܶࡣ
Ժ˵μʥǧÿһӵμǧˣջʮ
ԣɵĵһ˵ǵԱǧˣңЩɲʲôĳܳΪÿһ̳ô˵ˢӵġ
Ҫǧ֮ӱɲʲô򵥵鰡
ûһȥ飬
ԺЩЦ˵֪ѧԺɳľߣʦϵѧԱ
ŵɵĻ˵ɫʱסˣҲ̲סһȫʦǴֱʰ
룬㾡Դˡ
ҲģƱʦǿߣȻǽһߣһһʦǿҲòɵ֡
ԺЦЦһѧԺĴԣǸΪǿ˵вһ˵ǼΪţһѧԺ޷ʥʸսеõôҲֻˡ
İɣԺҪͻƵʦ磬ǷȱĲһ˵ʱ̾ͻˡ
΢΢һЦϸһĨţյıչأͻʦѾ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
һͻƵ˭Ҳ˵׼ܹͻƣ˵
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οĹһЦΣҪעѧԺĴҪ֪ǿǷǳаǸϳȥĴѧԺ֮Ƕ»ǸӺ


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һεѧԺδɾǽˣϣҪһѧԱʧصص
һۣǺݺݵص˵ͷԼãô˵бҪһõʥʸ
ˣ죬ǾͺúϢɡ
Ժɨһۣ˵պǵ촿Ժȥʥǡ
ʥ𣿡
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ȻҲڶĹۿ֮ˡ
յʱ䣬գۼ
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׻ܲһ䷿УһԺԺԺɫ޳ϣԵøŴһµı־ǱѧԺԺա
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׻ŵˣ϶һЩɢ˻۶ģΪõԺ֮УܵͳЦԶ꣬Ƿĵء
ŴЦЦ˵һԵķҲǸ֨һ˳ŷҫ˽ȥһѩ׵ϸ㣬̤Ĩ⣬
е߼ڴʱǷ֮߳Ůһʱ䣬Ȼһ˫˫۾𽥵һԵжӹһĨ֮ɫ
߳ģʯվһ֮У峺üĿգգСһĨȣõ඼ǿһġ
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ʱǰĹ㳡ѾӰĳ֣ʱһƬ֮Ժ֮Уǵ񻰰꣬ݣѧԺȥμʥ
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λѧԱѧԺѧԱڿʼǾͽѧԺȥμʥᣬǽػĴѧԺ֮һҫ۳ɰܣǶѧԺĽ
Ժ΢΢һЦȶˣλҲ΢ЦΪΪѧԺҫԼǰ̣ȥսˣȥǵף

ؼ䣬ҲֻѧԱҲǶŰеӰԴʹһ۵ϣȴǳżǰһĻõǺ޲÷гһգҲܹ١
һĻҲѪӿһЦҲǶѧԱ
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촿ԺĴ£ҲǴӰ
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촿ԺһӣȽУҲĿУǾ޴Ĵ֮ڣâӿ˲ӰǾʧ
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;ҪˣҲʲô޾Ĳ񣬵ת𣬻ס塣
Ƭ̺ǰĹâ׵ɢȥһΡĳУǵǰ
ǰĳУͬһֻ̾ŵԵʾһ㣬ǸƵĳǽյҫ£ɭĹԣһּ᲻ɴݵӾ
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ȻǵһˣɫûжľȣҲǼˣɫҲǲһ£ǻָ
촿ԺĴ£˴޴ͨһŽǰ㵵ķ֣ŷ֮һƬƬ޴̨һȥ̨֮ࡣ
ⳡʥ죬ʱľס֮أȵ磬ٹȥʥս̨ɡ
촿һ˵ţһ߶һΪĸ¥ȥǸ¥ȻҪϲ٣ѧԺĸ¥ҲѧԺרԺ
Ϣһ룬촿ҲǴӸ¥˳
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ҲüͷȥǼһߣ곯˹
ɨһۣϵЦΪŨˣ촿ѧԺԽԽ˲ˣȻ쾳ѧԱɳˣ˼һЩԺҪǿ
ĻʱеķУǹҲô


603 ɻʤ
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ȷҲпıǮΪʦǿߣУмˣϵϢ죬Ҫǿһ˿
ʵ˵ǺΪǿˣмˣǶսˣǺаӮġ
ߣͷ²ѧԺҲòȥϴεģ⼸СҪ˲ٰ촿ԺûжŭֻһЦ
ߣΪڣ²ѧԺĸԺ
һ㶣û뵽촿ԼĳЦȻԼˣһߣǲ֪νˣҵҪúÿλĹȥġ
²ѧԺѧԱҲ¶֮ɫΪĴѧԺ֮һѧԺȻɳ˲ʦѧԱһ֮ѧԺ֮ҪĶԺȡ˰
˵֮ڱǲһ˦䣬ֱӶʥս̨ǰϯλȥ촿Ҳûк˵ʲô˼ҲǴǶһߵϯλȥ
ôһֱûõΣȻᱻ𣬲һΣе쾳СӣпܾѧԺĵư
ôˣҲѧԺʱˡ
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ǵ꼶ԼĪֻʮӣϵϢȴǺޱȡˣ촿Ժǿߣɫǲɵ˼֡
ˣǴ˴εʥʹӸ߸ϵʥĶǿߣ
μʥʹ
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ˣû˵а㲻
£Ƕؾݺһİ
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һʥɸؾʮֻҪ̨սʣµʮˣԻýʥĻᣬҲšѧԺļν
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мһ˵ĺ£ʮ߶Ǿ໥ţ󲿷˵Ŀ⣬ǿʦǿߡ
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Եһ߿㵵ı飬ЦһֱǴźХľ磬
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һ죬ԭ𹥻ˣֱӱһӰк󱳣˲ɫ԰׵ķɳ˶ʥս̨
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ǵӰʥս̨ʦǿ֮һںһ˺ɫûа仯Ƴһۣ֪ΪΣӺϣΣյϢֱתһ쾳ԲĲȥ
䣡䣡
ڶ̶̲һӵʱ䣬һٶʮߺʥս̨ϣֻʣʦǿߺˡ
ʦǿһۣĿⶼǿƵĿ⣬ʼһ޹ӡ
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ʱȻŹȥһҵʱ䣬Ѿвʥս̨ѾʤˣӱģǼʦǿߡ
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ڵˣҡҡͷɫ֮ɫȻˣһ˲αɫĻ澡ֱֻӿһ̤˫ȭ͵ľ磬˺ݺݵĺȥ
Ȼһ֮ӲʦǿߵĹ
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ҲæʥԼĹ涨ǲμʥĲߣĶ֣ˣųóֻ֣ҪˣǾֻһ³˵ˣǰŵĴҲ֡εҡҡͷɵ˵


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ɽѧԺĴѧԺһսαʦëСӣҲЩˡ
ѪԺǸͷ֮˹άĶźɽѧԺĸԺ˵
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â˸ܳξȻǱ˶ȥȭͷϵƬҲЩ顣

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ʦҲֱӵ䣬ʱ˾ʦĶ֣⵽˭ܹ
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ǵһѩˣڴŹصʱ򣬾ǼһŮװѩֻǲ֪ԷԼǷӡ
ƺߣѩҲ΢΢תż̨ӣ֮δ֣

ѩƽ΢΢һЩŵĶֱڣſԼһڴбȫʤս꣬ȻһǰͬʱŹصСӡ
ֻǣôҲ벻ף꣬һʲôĻȻɳô١
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촿ԺԣƺЦһ˵
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ߵһĺܲˡ
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أ
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磡磡
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ʥս̨󷨼ӹ̵ģʥս̨֮ӲʦǿߵսҲܹά֣ǣսУӲʥս̨ȴ綹һ㡣
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ſȷ磬ѩ֮ͫмٷŴţⷬ깥ƣҲѩսһ˫ȭգӿȻ
ʱ˭ûз֣峺˫Уһ֮ɫ
ৣৣ
ȭӰҲѩǰЩȭӰ֮ϰâ˸䣬ӿž˵Ĳ
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ѩʱһͷںڵ㷢Щɢңһ׵Ҳ鲻䣬һ۵Ľӡ
˵Ľ֣ʯȴ׺ƥ֮ϣҲǸԴŶԷµĺۼսȻ˵ĺ
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䡭ʥ
Щİ䣬ѩָϵĻǱϣֻصϣ٣ǵ̵Ļ棬֮Уʥս̨µȥ


621 ƻ
һɫĻ棬Ϊҫۣһ˲仮˿ռ䣬һɫĺâᴩ˳գһ˲䣬ضΪ֮ʧɫ˵жһĨɫ
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ԭˣСӾȻԡ
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΢΢ؽһȻǾ㵲ѣû뵽ѩȻֶΡ
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ɫĻͬӹ;֮ǲֱӵǫ̃ĵ涼ֱӵɷĩ˻ٵ˴̨
һߣ׻֮ŭǿռ˰գޱȣ;ռ䶼ǲϵ˿˿̺֮Ŀõӵɫ𽥵رɾ֣ʵ˿µϵĻĻᶼûУֱӵر


622 Ҳ
˵Уɫ貵ĹţɽȻͬɫȻ໥ײһȻ˵ĶǱýּĽ֣˭ܹյʤ
Ȼ˶Ϊᴫ춯صıը֮ʣһ̳ǰȴǼΪһĻֽȻͬײһȴûа㶯ֽȻͬĻ棬ȴ໥һһжûа춯
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ʱ˶ʥУ˵˸̨ϵʥʹϣڼʥʹĽ̸ͣºԭЩ˽ˣʱð
жһЩӿȻ֪ᷢʲô


623 ѡʥ
λʥѾβһھսҲĻˡ
ĿɨһɨѩʱԵйһĨɫһĨɫһ˲ɢĿͣϡ
ĿעӣȡĽݵĿ⣬ʱҲǻϣʥʹĿ⣬Ҳ৵Ŀ
ͻȫĿõҲ΢΢һ㶣ҲȻһ٣οսûа׷ѡ
ʥĹھǡ
һϵ쳹˵Ķϣ𣡡

ʵĻһ֮쳹ֱϾΪΪᣬڴȴ漣껶
ð죬ʵѹ˫֣˵Ļǻİ
𣬽ҪһʥأһõԼúơƽ
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ʵĻ촿һ㶣һϲ
ӹԽ񣬲֪ٴʥսˣÿδ֮ʥʹ֮䣬ǴʲôЭһ㣬ʥʹֱѡˡ
һѡǰҲûзÿһǸſֲޱȵǱõʥж÷֣Żˡ
˻
֪ʲô˼ģȻֹ촿ԺһˣؾеĶҲ֪һʶʵĻһ˲ٵһ
֪жٵҪʥ֮УЩ߸ϵʥʹȴ뿴һۣһﵹãЩʥʹֱǵѡˡ
ʥʹĿעӣ̣Ը񣬶ЩˡһԼЩƽӵĲ£վ
ôһϢƾ赤Ƕ۵ĴڣѾָһˡ
ԭڴʮµСӣôһᣬվʥʹжһĨ죬ҪԼµ뷨Ҳ͸ΪŨˡ
ʥȽİɣҽһ£ȱʥصʹߣֻҪѡȱʥأҿԴʥأֱӸСʥӵͷΡһʥʹЦǰһƵ˵
ʥʹ˵СʥʱʥʹɫԵһ㶣ܿ죬һʥʹҲվ˳˵ҺʥصʹߣȱʥܸģʥҲһ
ʥصʹߣҺһֻҪѡʥأҾʹʥֱӸСʥӵͷΣ
Ŀɿڴ֮Уһʥʹվ˳ƵĶ˵ʱ˵Ŀ͡
һ߸ϵʥʹԼŵˣĴڣʱȻ˺ƵĶһʮ˾سꡭ
Сӣжô
һۣǴӶԷп֮ɫ
СʥӣʲôǵɫͷӦòͰֹţȴûб¶
ʥӦ󶥼Ƕʥأÿʥض󲻵ǿһʥأ׵ɱؾ
ʥ֮У󲻵ԴһŸΪеһЩżЩԴżƿʥصϡɻ֮ʱȻԺ
νСʥӣ൱һЩ״֮ڵݣֻӵСʥӵݣʥΪԴ̽żʸ񡣡
ĽͣҲǴˣûмѡ񣬻ʥʹû˵ء
ǷʥصʹߣǼǷʥأҲܸСʥӵ⣬˽ټһ鼫Ʒʯ㣡κҰҧҧһʹ˵
ƷʯҲһ
һ鼫ƷʯҲõó֣
ҡ֮ʱʶȻһЦƵĶ˵ԪʥأֻҪԪʥأҲܸСʥӵݣ⣬һʮ鼫Ʒʯ㣡
ʮ鼫Ʒʯ
⻰һʱ۾ЩǿɲκεķЦ˼ʲôݣʥʹǰ˼һָͷͿѹˡ
Ʒʯؾ֮Уδɼ֮ˣôջҲ΢΢üͷ˼
Ǵ֮ǰʥʹһֱԪʥصʥʹΪļ󣬱ǲѿʥ֮Уʥصʵ޼ԪʥؾʥΪǿġ
֪ѡʥŵҪΪζŽһʱ䣬ԼУһ룬Ͼͻᱻʥصӡ
ʥ֮УΪңʥضǶʥܵԵĴôǸʥصˣҲüΪҵ³
ԪʥصʵȻʥǿģеԴʲôģҲᳬʥأеĻǰ;ͦ
Ľע£𾲾˼ģ֪ж˺޲ðѡ⻹𣿿϶Ԫʥذ
ʱʥʹ̬ЩһԷʥصʹߡκҰɫΪѿԪʥŵǴЦ⣬һгģ
ʥʹĬ˰죬׼˵ʱ򣬶Ȼһ㶡
ǷʥصļһתķʽƺڵЩ֮Сӣֻ£ǿбϵؾԷʥأԺ
𣿣
һǹһĨЦ⣬Ÿ̨ϵʥʹĹ˹֣λǰ롭ʥء

Ļʥһɧ֮˶һĴ㵺Ͳ⣬Ȼû뵽ѡʥء
ʥصǿһЩؾеĶ֪һģʥأʥһΪһ𶥼ĴڣǷʥͱʥбˡ
ΧƬƬ֮ЩΣܿǸܵ˼ֵ֧Ŀ⣬ֻĬĬĲѡĸʥأ˵һһ㡣
촿ԺǣҲǳĵĿţܻᴴһЩ˲ŵ漣
ʥϣҲܽҲѡȥ
ڲԶ䣬ֻĬĬţںԼʥصǿֻܺһ£ǸĵľɫŮԡ
̨֮ϣʥʹѡɫҲǸоʣκҰЦеӣͬһʢĻһ㣬һź


624 Яͬ
ΨʣӹһĨ֮ɫ˽ԪʥأѡʥأӺǹҲס
ÿһĵһǱԪʥظ˵ģû뵽γ˸ô꣬Ĵʥضϰ֣Сѡʱ򣬳ôһ¨ӡ
ҲЩ벻ͨΪΣѡһԲ̫ǿƵķʥء
ѡɲǶϷǹغպǰ;ɾͣĪҪΪһʱ֮Ūûһ
ʵ˵˭ó֮еһЩԹŭ֮Լһصв
΢ЩˬʵҲ̫ЩԪʥжһЩˣûмȥҲһ¡
ʣѡʥأԼ飬⻰˵ã㲻ö𣿡κҰ̧̧ۣɫ΢΢һ˵
һΣǷȷѡʥأʻ˵Σев֮ʮֵԡ
ʱҲһͣ˭û뵽߸ϵʥʹȻΪ߳ŭϧԽвһʦСӡ
ߣʣҷʥصСʥӣֲ̣ܽκҰʱҲЩŭȵ
̨֮ϣ˲佣šͻȻ䷭λʥʹ˲䶼Ūʲô춯˵ĳ
鶸Ȼڸ̨ϵӿЯѹѹ֮£ʥеֱǸоڵЩ̵ļ󣬵ͷЩȻʥʹѹǿֵز
̨֮ϣʺκҰӣ䣬˴лɱ⸡֡ҲЩ㵵һĻȻҲû뵽˱ô죬ҴǵɫȻһԲϣͻĳ֡
ʥغԪʥ֮ЩͷЩͷʹֹš
˾սս֮£̨ϵҲĽţʡκҰϢʱһԵʥʹҲǿڡ
λԼѡˣڸԵʥҲǳ£Щµӡɲðȿڵģȱʥصʥʹ
Ǻǣ˵ûλҪȥôδҲЩ̫˰ɡңԸʥصģȻҲĸԸСǰԶˡʥغʥصʥʹҲǷ׷˵
ȻǲǳڶԷʥغġ
ѡʥص£ȻҲϣԪʥܹõ
ʼ״ӹһĨ֮ɫͷˬһһֱǴѩʦʧȥ
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ѡ˷ʥأ֮ǻ߸ˣʣµʥѡ
ʥʹˣСӶһ£Ƿÿʥһ䣬Ҳһ뷨֡
ţǰʮʥظռʣĪҪƼʲôˣκҰǺεȵĴһ۱ǿͷҲЦеص
εӺԣ֪ԼС˼ûܹùʥʹҲǿżɽصʥʹˣԵĻҲһʥء
䣿
κҰ΢΢سһ£˫Ȼرâ䣡
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ǵȨĻıҲԤϡ
Сӣ㲻ңһˣҲһӡ
κҰһЦҲ󲽿ֱӵǰʵ䣬ǷԸҷʥأ
˿һĻ¶˲ɫԹʥÿһѡû¶̬ʵ˺
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һ㶣ԼͶ΢Ц΢΢һů뷨æӦ
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κҰˣҲǹһЦȻΪˣʥصʥʹκҰͻȻش䣬Ȼ򣬽ǺڲѣôûҲǲݺӵĴڰ
ˣպҷʥصĵˣڸҷʥɡ
κҰһӣҲֱӵһηʥѡӽȻҲֱӵطʥ
ȻʱȴغһһδˣǾӣ
ʥʹˣ»һ֮룬ʥʹ˳ȫ
£ʱõܰ˶ǽϣǲ²𵽵Ҫʲô
ţ˵
κҰüͷȴĥѵʲô£
ϣܹٴһˣԸΰ׽Ϊȡһʥ
˵ƽޱȣҲƽصȴӵϣӦӣȥʥҲҪһϣ
ԣʱ˾׽ķֻΪһ˽ʥ򣿣
Ҫ֪ΰ׵ĽǼΪˣڳؾҲǼΪ죬ȴԸҪ
Ʒؼؼ
ЩͳͳҪֻΪȡһʥʲôˣܹ֮
ʥʹˣҲһλ֪츳ˣֻУûܲμεʸ֤
֪óȻҪ󣬻κҰ˵˲Ϊȡ֡
κҰǰһʥȱʲôʵˣ˵ûĻôԶʥʹȨǿдһ˽ʥҲûʲô˵
ȻһֱʥˣҪϸѡʥʹ⡣
ĸơ
κҰʱãټһʲĻôǷʥؿɾߴˣǵõ˵һжջ
ʥʹ
ԣҲдϲ¾ʥʹֱӾܾ˿ƺе
촽߹κҰ񣬹صʥʹˡ
κҰ´һӣʦûʱеʧϾʥоޱȼңʦʵûУʥѰ·
αô
κҰ΢΢س˳˼еѣҪȻǲӦ𿪿ڵģòǣȻ𲻸ˣֱӵѡʥأǿɾ͵òʧˣҪ֪һǶء
Уô˵ȰǶһ˽ʥʥس֪ˣҲ˵ʲô
κҰܴѰ˼Ƭ̱񣬲ҲֱӴӦת˵ʵαʥ棬ʥطԶؾû㹻ʵȥҲȡסȥ


625 ʥ
һݺݵص˵ͷŮˣȻֻҪһû˿۸Ůˣ
ʥ
ɣȻ֣Ҿʹȥ
κҰص󲹳һǽʥ֮ڣ޷Ƶʦһͻؾ
лʥʹ
жʱǸмѣ֪κҰò˫ᣬڿԲ룬ԺǾܹһΪϣ¡
һ֮ͻʦ
ҲǰжԼ˰׵ĽΪԼĻᣬǾҪ룬޷ټ
ʥʸսν˵Բʥضѡ˸ԵĵӣҲԸ仹һһͬʥ
һʸսӮҿνѧԺˣǰʮѧԺĻʯ
ڹǿ󶼲ȥ飬һʸս󣬿ѧԺĴѧԺ֮ˣڵҲ˵øλ˲١
գѧԺ˸ǣ˴ǰʥպٷؾУΪǶԣʥ򲻹һ㡣
סˣѧԺ߳ȥˣʲô£ѧԺͷ
촿Ժٱ֮ǰ˵ѧԺҲнʥˣʲôѵĻǿȥѰЩˣõǵİ
ѧԺѧŽѧԺ߳ȥѧ϶ӡѧԺıǣѵĻȻᱧһʥС
Ժ̻塣
ʯ˽Ƕ촿ԺӾϹһǴѧԺ߳ѧʯǴǬڣʯĶʥأνҲǼͬˡ
ˣʱ䲻ˣöǰʥˡ
ԶκҰʥʹˣʱˣһ˳ʥǵĹ㳡֮ϣǲټĹ㳡һ󷨣ͨʥ֮ء
СԼˣĸ˿⴫Żö໨κҰ΢΢һЦ˵ȻԪʥصʥʹˡ
λʥʹ΢΢һЦһ̣˽һֱӵػִһۻµϣһɹϸ΢ĿռɢֱӵؽλʥʹڻֱӵؾУʧʥǵС
һ˲䣬Ҳǹȥ˼ʱ䣬ǲ΢΢ʧȥƽ⣬ǰ龰ǶȻתʥһط
ϲǣʥأ
κҰһۣ˾㵣Ȼ棬ʥؾԶһ˲͵ˡ
ˣǿйʥ֮£һǷʥص顣κҰΪʥʹȻҲǵ·ˣһЩ飬Ҫ֪
΢΢һ£ʵܸ˵˵ʥô
ΪΪţԼƺǵԪʥصʥʹҪ֪ɲСС֣ǿʥʹպԷҪ׷Լеš
ʥʥأԪʥأʥأʥأʥأȱʥء
κҰؿڵԹʥ֮һڵĶǾϵȻԸϣʥصУǿԪʥأȱʥء
ԣɵ΢΢ЦȻԼԪʥأȻʥصǿʥأ˵ʥʹ»һֱԼˡ
İɣģֻҪǷʥصСʥӣǱǲ̫񡣡
κҰһЦһ۱ǿ뷨Ҳǵǽһ·ʥصɣʥҲǲġ
ϸ˵ʥأһ塣
κҰɫµصǷʥأʥÿһʥţһУʥڹа˸ʥš
ĸʥţ
ԣʱǲɵô㵵صû뵽ģԭΪʥ򣬾Ͳ˷ֿĻûǼ벻ͬʥš
˵׼ʥķ䡣
κҰҡҡͷǷʥأ˸ʥţÿʥŵӵʥسϵݣǵʥǿʥΣҲڵǬţȻҿûǵΪСʥӡ
ʥʹˣʥʲô
ʵܹܹһʥеĶǸе档
ǷʥصʥͼӳֹģÿʥصˣþʥȻʥһʥС
ʥκҰҲأȻνʥǶԣǼΪҪ֮ȻҲᱻΪʥ
ʱ䲻ˣǸһȥǬţһʥ֪ǷʥصõεİףҲܸˡκҰһЦ
䣡
κҰһʱʲôʱǱǸܵһֽճǱһб
ۻ飡
ܵƬؼ飬˲䶯ݡκҰֻЦЦû˵ʲôֱӶǰȥ
ǰһսھһʱϢѾָ࣬תڵ飬ʱǸо˲١
ߣ
һͷųһЩסҲǸκҰĽŲ
ݣݣ
˻ЩΪֿµеЩ֮ʱԶȴӰӶֱκҰǰ
Щ˶ͬһַΣؿڣһȼյĻ档ǱΪǵĽģǿǰκҰʱӲɻ
κϣ
˽֮ɫκҰȭ
ǱδѡĵӡκҰĵ˵ͷĽһ䡣
ŻȻĿɨɨڿʱž֮ɫǵĿʱȴ˲֮ɫ
ʦںһαʦôˣ
ͷͬʱǸαʦвûʲôų֮ģһϢ鸡ήҵʦڵСӣЩˡ
ʥţѲߵĵӣʵǿᡣǵĿ⣬ֻЦһû̫⡣
ľѿǰ⼸˵ʵʦڣңǵսӦñһʦڵǿҪ٣ȻĻӵơ
ȻЩ˵ҲûеѹʵѹʦڵǿˣңֶΣҲôЩӡ
κϣʥλ϶ȺˡһӶκҰ˵
š
κҰĵ˵ͷǴֱӶǰȥ


626 ʥ
һ·ϣʱһЩʥе飬κҰҲһһĻشǵĽ̸䣬ܿ죬Ǳһɽ֮ϡ
ɽ֮ϣƣһУɽ֮ϣһʯƽ̨˵ǰ
Ǻǣκϣڻ˰
κҰǸ̤ʯƽ̨ʱһЦǴǰǵĿ̧𣬱Ǽʯƽ̨ϵʮӰ
ЩӰǰӣ˸ֶϣҲǸܵһּ˰ĲϲĻӦþǷʥߴʥˡ
ؾѡʹ˸ʥţû뵽һĹھȻûбԪʥظߣѡǷʥأ˽ǰӣһЦ˵
󣬶һӰЩȻǸʥһ̳УЩ԰֮ɫʱ´ˡ
κҰˡ
໥ʱһϵһӰͻأĳϵǰ
ĿһʱǶǵӰ˹ȥɫۣȥԼĪңͷȴǺڰཻȻӦòֹ˫üԴ֣˫Ŀ͸һڵ֮⣬ȻӸλ֮˷ܹ߱ġ
ңͷ𶯵ǣ˵ϢϢȻǿңȴõ˴ĸоϣɸԵɲ⣡
μʥ
ʯƽ̨ϵ˼Ӱʱжη֮ɫǹ
š
ӵ˵ͷǽĿ⿴ˣĿھϵʱһ٣˲˻ȥ
˭һĹھ
ʥ˿ееζЦʵ
κҰæʹʹɫ߼״һ߳ʥλһȭ𣬼ʥλϡ
߳ǣʥλϻ̳ǽĿϣȻǶ˹ھ꣬ΪȤ
ʦڵʵȻܹȡôĹھ˲졣ʱһԵһĿĶЩ˵
ʦڣ
⻰̳һ㶣ʵ㲻ʲô㣬ĵ͵ˣǣˣȻȡôĹھ
ŶԣоСӣȻ飬һһʱˣʦѹ֡
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ܳΪ˴ʥ֮һЩˣȻͲǳ
ʦ
仰ϷŻһĨ֮ɫȻû뵽ȥ羹Ȼͬʱ;һ
ʦڵʵȾҲȷܹһĹھˡϢһδԪʥеʥŮӡӵߣҲһУȻѹһͷ治򵥰ʥҲǻ˵Ȼδ鱨֪١
ԪʥʥŮӡӵʱж֮ɫǶǷʥиʥŵ̳Ȼ֪Ǵʲô˼˵ǾǴţʦ޵У
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ˣκҰȽǴȥϢɣպ󣬽ǴʥʥüͷȻ֪ڻƣǶκҰ˵
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ʥЦһǶΪΪһ㣬˵ȥɣպҽʥǰССʥӵͷΣҲΪ£Сʥص
СʥӣʥЩϹذɣСӻ˹ھҲûлСʥӵʸ񰡡
⻰ڱϵһüͷһ壬Щ˵
ߣʸĴʥΪ£Сӣ˵ҡ
ʥЦһ뵽ʲôʹһ㣬Цʵ֪ԪʥΪ£Сӣʲô𣿡
϶ǽĿ⿴ʥκҰϢֱӴʥǿɲ֪顣
ŵСʥӵ֮⣬⻹ʮ鼫ƷʯСѡǷʥء
ʥ˵žʹЦһ߶ɽȥһЦ˵ʹ죬һԪʥõϢ󣬱ʲôģ
ʥֱЦ߿Ļȴʯƽ̨ϵһͺ
Сʥӵݣʮ鼫Ʒʯ
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˾þöһƬ֮УļҲһ󾪺Ψһˣɫѿ
߰ɣʥþûô˹ǷʥأҲ˸ۺļһﰡһЦ˵
ȻСʥأϾ̫ˣΪ˵㣬ΪǺԪʥصĹϵȻΪĽӲ˵һ󡭡һȴЩǵĻ⼸ҲһĬ
ô࣬ߣΪʥԭ򣬾ƾԪʥҲѹһͷ𣿡ֳĬ֮УһȽϴĳ̲סһֱӴһ뿪
λ϶ҡҡͷ֪ϲǣҲ뿪
ôΪֵСʥݷ˲𣿡
ƽֻ̨ʣһϺǸɫꡣɫǰĳҲ̲סҡҡͷʵ
ҪСʥӵ겻һٵһҲ޷϶Ц˵
ǡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷһЩ˵СǰʵСʥӵͷθҲûаԹԣûǱ£ҶʥСʥӵͷΣ
СӡˣЩȥɡԣ΢΢һ㶣һ뵽ΪСʥ֮ŬҲεҡҡͷ

ʱؾѧԺԺ
ΪĴѧԺ֮һѧԺԺ֮дͲȱʱԺǰľ޴㳡֮ϣѾǱѹѹȺţֳ֮һ
Ⱥ֮ǰѧԺеʦϣǺȱϯľ֣ʱǵĿ⣬ȫǰһϵӰȻƽϵףʱ˿̣ȴǱһʧ⡣
Ժ
ΪѧԺʸϵĳκأԺ״̬ɵһڰСʱǰֱӷѧԺ߹еĳϵʦѧԱټ˹Ҫ֪һ˸ôʱֹһ֮⣬ѧԺ֮Уûйô߹


627 ʥ
һѧԺ֮ʣѵһΡ
һ뵽ѧԺλϺ͵ʦɫЩ仯ʧѧԺ֮Ҫȡ𣿣
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631 һΪ
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632 ʥԪ
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Ȼֿɰɱ֣ôʱĽӴܹĲ߾濴ô򵥡
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646 ʯӡ
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653 ʥӰ
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ֱӽϵѪߵʩǰ˵
ĵػôǱǰΪȣ
ʱʩϢǱü٣ͨޱȣƺе޷ܴ˵صĵػ״üͷֱӵһʩļ򣬴ڳһ飬ʩڣΪܵĿ񱩵ػ
İ֮£ʩǸоϲ٣΢΢ɨһܣҲǺɲӦǰػأԣػŨġ
Ƭ̺ҪѰҵĵطػأ
ǰĵ棬һ͹ĵΣγһӣŵȴǳɫҽĵػǵȿµĸ£ܿռ䶼ǶǳЩۿɼŤ
һȥʵĳɫҽУʱʱ˸һЩ޵ĺɫߵ㣬Ǳǵػ̺֮ľֻǰػأɫе㳬
²һİػء
£ǲ˲Ծػûµĸ£̺ľҲû࣬ΨһĽͣػأпܼΪǧػأ
ĿǰΪػش´࣬ǼΪǧĵػأҪеðա΢΢һµ
㲻һȥôʩ΢΢㵵صô˼Ǵһػأ
ȥʲô
ЦõصһҪţȻ;˳Ǿǵòʧˡ
ʵȴ̲סһǵػУϵ۾ԼİҲбճޣ˽Уִ̼
ʩҲ뵽㣬ɫһ󳱺죬жһ
ȥɣΪ㻤
εЦһʱɫ΢΢һ䣬Ŀ⿴ߣһЩʨ˻֮ǿϢǶƬӶ
ˡʩһۣЩǵĵ
ȶԽȥ齻ҡ𵱻ϣʩҪ˷ʱ䡣
ʩԣҲҧҧѡ𣬵Ҳǵ˵ͷû˷ʱ䣬ֱӵطɱǰĵػضȥ⸽
ʩػƬ̺󣬱Ӱ΢˫ӹһĨ⣬Ϊϴ۷ȻԪʥطΣҲ˵ǰ⼸˶Ԫʥصĵӣ
ףͨʦ֣ˡ
ӰȵؽڵϣһƳһܣֻһˣɵǿڵ
ĵػΪ棬û´Ļиػأһһػأ
ΪͨԪʥصӻؿڵһ𣬲ûаڣһ˲Ϊǣŵػأ˫۷ǶԿһջ
ιСӣԪʥظˣԶ㣡
һ˿ʵɫΪƵضǳͨʦ˵⸽еػأҪľǰ˸˵
ɫƽû˵ʲôվԭأȴǵסǵȥ·
֪СӣԪʥض֪ôҳ֣˿ɾͲˡЩԪʥصĵӸɶʮ㣬Ϊ׷׵Χ˹һԲϾҪֵļ


659 ɱ
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ɨӶǰˣΪ׵ͨʦ֮⣬ȫʦڵˣҲ˵һȺҲԪʥصͨӣֻǴԪʥصţٻˡ
뵽΢΢
Ҳأ
ǿӲ̬ȣȻõͨڵ˶Ǵ㵲ѣͨҲǷӦ˹ɫ𣬴ʱֵͷ
ʦ֣ǰиػأһˣ
Ⱥ˵Уиۼģɨһ£ǷһЩεĵطɵǳе
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̲ͨסֱŭһ֣СӸҷˣ
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Ԫʥص⼸˿ػأļ֪ͣǰȻҪ
ƲԳԷƣǾͰǱɽԺηҲ֪ͨЦϵƻͷŶʼƽ
Щ˵в΢΢Ǹ仰Ҫ˵ģԪʥأʲô˵⣬ӦҲ֪ɣ
ôĿ
ͨһڵӵͷŭ΢΢һֱӵعаĵػأҪѸٽȻռΪУȻӵʥص˵ôǿɾ޷ػˡ
׽ò˵ЩԪʥصĵҲǾϵûһһϣΪٶȽԼֱӵ֣ʦ֣һ˿»ûа취ֵ
һΣ˾ǸϢɡ
૵صԴһż֮º󣬷ʥصĵӳ⣬ܵԪʥصԴѹò˶ǱһУǱɽȻԪʥصĵӳԿȻΪ
ɱеȷй㣬Щ˺ԪʥؽЩǿ߿Ҳеϵ
𲢲ھͶʥӰ֮ϵǿߣҲΨаеɱ⣬㲻ɱǣҲҪЩһһͷУ˼ҲѸٵس֣˵УͨеԶԸ֮⣬˶ǲΪǡ
ķӦЩԵе֪ˣȻҪƾһ֮ˣĪĵԼʥصСʥӲɣ
һ̣˵Ĺƻû£α΢΢˸һ£ʧԭأȻسһǰ
档
ӹһĨɫĻ棬һȭֱӵһˣűתĿ֮꣬˲Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱ֱӵصز
ʣµͨһ˺һԪʥصĵǱⷬٶŵˣҪ֪ǿɶʦڵǿߣҳԪʥأȻɵľͱһ˸ˡ
˭
ĴʥصСʥӣ
ԣͨ¾Ƿ뷨һεǱɽʥزˣʥǿЩСʥӣԼӡ󣬸ǰһ
һƫƫ˾˵ʵʵѽ⡣
ʱͨ޴Ҳ֪ǰ𣬲ܹԸģ֣Ҳ޷кߡ
λ̨е֮¡
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ҡҡͷˣƽصˣҲɡ
ԣͨ׽ʧеԪʥصˣɱǣ
¶һֿ׳յֹͨţԼʲôʱ˵Ҫɱˣֻ㲻ɱǣҲҪɥʧǱɽȥʸ
ͨƲҲǸܵĶ⣬ѸٵرˣҪ뿪˵
ͨЦһһֱͬһͨǰ
ˣ
ͨͫһһֱӳһݺݵĶ˹ȥ
ҲɱģҸı⡣
ͨǸͻƵʦɵǿߣʵʦɵĽʨ磬Ƕ̶УһѪǴͨ
㡭㾹Ȼɱͨʦ֡
ˣ߲ǱɽģɱԪʥ֮ˣҪ׼ýԪʥصŭ𣡡
ֱӺĽͨɱʣµо֮󣬱ǳ˵ǿȻͨɱˣǿ϶ҲΨ·һˡ
ɱΪǲԪʥ֮ˣΪֵ̰ܡ
һ˻ֵ߰ɣҪ뱨ңܽԪʥصҷ£Ҳ¡
ⷬһ㶣ɫЩᣬȷǰ߶ʱȻЩݣҲûҪ˼ͨԼҪʱֱֶνɱ
ǰɣǲ֪ĸŵģ뿪ټ𣿡һԪʥصĵӳ˵
ŲٲߣҾ͸ıˣԴˣֻЦһ֮ɫ
ߣ
Щζɫһ䣬ֱ뿪һˣ뿪ʮɺ󣬶˶˵þͱǱɽϢѾʦˣֻҪҹȥұ֤Ǳɽ
˵вû⣬Ԫʥлĳص鱨ԼĿҲǻĳأʱ򣬶һսġ
СӣҪץʱ˰
ͷһ۵ػصУʩӰںɫ㵱֣Űػصеľðգ޷²⵽Ҫö೤ʱ䡣
˵û㣬ĳصĹ̵УǾԲܹܵŵģֻѾͷɡʱԱֻص
ԣҲֻεҡҡͷҲֻоػ
ʩգһֱ˽ʱһ鶯ĲĿҲǻ
ŶȻͻ𣿡
𱳶ŵػأ̾ػմʩԣĪ档
𣬶л㡣ʩǰʱѾǻһۣŲԶѪм˵
ҴӦʩᣬӦġ˻֣Ц˵
ǸѾһǧĵػˣҾͲˡʩСȹǣ˵
Ҫȥ𣿵¡
һһֱǶԶȥ
Ƭ̣Զҽ֮ҽ֮ʩ̲ס΢䣬Ȼؿģ
ǾȻһֱԼǷˣԼͷֿǺ
뵽ʩһ£ڿǸָܿ࣬Լܴȫе߹ʩһۡ


660 
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ʩֱóһᣬݸ𣬶Щĵ˵ʱ䣬ʩ
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Сӡ
ϻһŮеľᣬǸͬСϲȵһıӰ̲סаЦһ
ʩ뿪ֱǶžϼصһǧػ˹ȥǸػؾҲһμΪңԶľ롣
ڽһʱУŲϵ룬ҲǱɽڵգޱ޼ʵɽУޱ鲼·;УܵһЩ޵ͬԼ̽ǰ㣬Լɨɨȥޣ𶼸еη塣
֪Ϊԭ򣬻ԼûǵЩޣһ·ϣȻһЩǿɨԼȴҲû̫谭
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ڸһغɫǱ࣬ΪܹоƬؼ䣬ֹϵѹ
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ѾǱɽ𣿿ûҴط
Ƭأڿеֳ֮⣬⸽ȷһǧػء
ף⸽û޵Ĵڰ
üͷŷ֣ǱɽУƬȻԵЩİҲûиܵƬκε޵鲨
Ϊû޸ҴƳƳͣŹǷ
ԣ𰵰ĵ˵ͷٶӳΣܱߣӿȻ׼Ӧκεͻ
Щǣһ·ûκεˡ޵ģ⣬ҲûκζĴˡ
һɽǰ߻ȻڼǰһĻ˫̲ͫסȻһ
ǰɽ壬Щɽ֮Уһͬɽһƽأƽص룬һԼĪɵĺǺ֮Уǹҽڣɽ֮еľЩŤ
ǧػأ
һѹסеĻϲ֮ɫĴɽȥ
ڸһ£Ǹоһֲֿĳ֮ͫ΢΢һǰľõͷƤһ顣
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ȻЩڲǰġ
ôˣˣɫЩصǰǧأЩʬϣܲΪǿϢȻʦǿǰϢ
ЩôģޣΪأ
üͷЩʬ壬Щʬ֮ϣЩǵĺۼǱպ˶ġ
ڵػ棬Ҫȥմó㱾òǻŶƳƳǵػһۣ˵
𣿡
촽̽⣬ȻһĿӵĵػУͻȻҽһֱǳǵֱǶݺݵĺ
֮мӵĳ֮õɫ̲סһ䣬һת䣬ɫۼһǽ
һ˲һȭʱһȭӡĻɫֱһһ
أ
߸һʱײһĿռ䣬ǶȻŤһۿɼĲŰ
ɫЩ㵵ҽо֮ɫʱ֪ΪЩսʬܱߣŹҽԵˡ

УǸǧػеҽʼķӿţڷӿ䣬һޱȳ̺֮ű𶾵ϯ
뿪Ļ
һҽƿ֮һͷͬһһԾſڵػ֮ǰ۾ͻȻżɳƵ˵
Ȼ̶ܴаɱ⣬ȴõͷ΢΢һݡ
Ȼӵǣܿ˵
ɫЩصǰͷޣǱɽУҲ˲ٵޣЩȻ׺ǲ֪ΪǱɽԵʣʲôЩ޴߱ǣοڵˡ
ȻͷһޣȻӵǣҲ˵ͷսȻҲǻ֮ǣҲõͷ֮

һı֮ɱ⣬ҪΪʵһ㣬ӻ϶ֶȥ
Ļüͷ̲סһ壬òѰһǧػأȻĳأǰɰͰ͵ţԼȥôס
ǻ۵ѣҲ˿
һʦڵƺȻ𣬶ɫĻ治סԾڣֱǽֶĿֲƣճޡ

ͷ״бĳһɬ󣬷ΪܵķŭǧػضǷķӿ
𣬱˷ʱ䣬ڣӮˣǧػصЧҲۿۣЩĿͷ棬˵۾Ҹ¡
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ŶȻֵͷ˫ҲӹһĨײеĹâѪڣֱӵһɫͬǽĵػзϵҽѹƻ
䣡
𿴼淴û˫ֱӵʩչӡһŨѸٵر鲼ǰҪúӡֱӵӲĹ
һ֮˵ֹס˺ˣڵϲһǳĺۼ̲סӹһĨȵɫ
һǿġ
ɫҲǰЦҪͷ滹ܹʲô̶ȣ
΢΢ؾ䣬һɫƱ鲼ƣ˱ٶȱĿͷ۾
䣡
޴ϵشܣһһεĽǱΪͷ涯ǧػصеػǴԵüɱǿҲ޷һʱ֮俿档
ˣͷ޷̫εػصǳֵʱ
Ȼŭȵһֱڹ۲ͷ棬ҲǷˣͷ汾ûǿֻǽ˵ػصеܹӵʵ
ػص̺ǼΪ񱩣ޣҲ޷̫ΣֻҪһˣôͷвɾûˡ
ԣ𲢲żѡζ


661 
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𣡡
ͷ͸ɭƺǲΣ˴̶ŭĵػطһͬ˰ҽذС
ȻδǼӡЯſµ鲨׺ݵֱ£ݺݵػҽ棬ʱһǿǵػ֮еҽҲӲرһƬյش
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ݣ
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Ӱһ˺ɫҲ£
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ҵĶԪʥ²̫ðɣһĨ⣬˵
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ǵÿû£𵱼ҲЦһͻƵʦں󣬾£Ҳаջܡ
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֮һֱӵػ˻֣һڵĹâȻƿնص˵ıϣһĻ֮һĨ֮ɫ
ܣ
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һܹƳ˿ܣ¶ݣоиˣʥӰϣԪʥصеСʥӣܹƿֻܵһʥӰڶʮһ޵
ȻҪһΣԪʥеĵλҪҪ࣬Ҳѹ˵ز
Ǻǣҿģһң
һעǰͻȻֵĿϣɫĲ֪ƶϣ˫֮ԼźɫâϵţǲһѰʦǿߡ
һܣ־ûУ
ԹһĨâȻǲ̽£߿ԼƵǾߡ
һλᣬȥǶ˲׷㡣
֪ΪΣһ˿֮ɫĿԥһ˿˵
׷ƨŪǣҿϵĶҶǻòͷˣ
ȻΪҲצصֻ˵ģûܹͷζˣɫԷôԡ
Цһ˵ͷд⣬ҲûйķϻֱӵӰ˳ȥڰԴԴϵӿֶ
ߣһʦڵСӣҲ˵Ĳ֪Ȼˣǽվȥ
޵Ƣ൱İȻû뿪˼ҲһЦ˻֣Ǿ߿ܱкâ˸ֱǶȥüͷһ壬ȴҲûֹ


662 ۳ɾ
СҲҳ׳󣿡
һֶҲˣǰʩչܣѰ·ô
Ҫ֪ƹģڿһνĺܣʦܹ֮ݿܣΪžϵ߿ûһ˿ǣֻҪԼն϶Էſ֮ľϵôԷҲ޷ˣ
ٺ٣ЩСӣҹζࡣ
ʱ޵˫ĿݺݵĿ˵Ͼһǧػأʱһ˵Ҳᱻ˷֣ȻԪʥصˣǣ˭֪Ǳɽ棬ҪҪʵ˵ģ
Ͼǿ޼࣬ʥ׷ҲҵԴͷ
ৣ
޵Ӱڿ󣬲ٿſֱǶ¡
µʦ֮ˣûһҲаʮԣ߿ܣ൱ġ
𣡡
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Сģ
һ󾪺Ȼ֣һӰǴӿܺ޵ӹӹ֮ʱһâ˸𣬶޵λΣֱǺȻء
˫ͫϴоǺȻ֮ɫϢɢһ˿˿Ѫദ͸һ
ʦԣѵǴ˵еġʦͫһжʱһƬ
޵һԪʥؾӵ˱ԼҪߵĵλǰİˣȻ޵ľҪǿҺߵľ磬Ȼʦڣʦ
һ뵽Լ޵ǸȻһʦϣоŲĺ⡣
ܣ
Ҳû֮ǰĵȻͷֱһԪʥصСʥӣʥӰڶʮ£Ȼսˣ
ȻȴûдŹʥصˣԷŹһһﲻԪʥصģ£
ߣɣ
ŭһڰͬӿ㣬˲رֱӵʩչǿĹƣƬء
ڶ֮ʱľҲϯͬһʱ䱬ʱ˵ϯǵصӿ£
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ȼѪݣ
²ҽһȼѪɫĹâһ˲ӰһֱղȫܻҪһٶʧ֮УΨԹ޵쳹Ƭؼ䣺Сӣҵţɱ޵ԪʥزŹģ
޵Ǻǣҿɲɱһ޵߾ȻܣҲֻ֣ȥķЦ
˷ʱˣүҪ顣
ûµĻͷȥûõӴϣһԣһ֮Ҳвٵػصľ
ˣЦЦûǻߵǧػصıԵϣǾޱȵϵţ΢΢ԼǧػһĻǶԼΪвٵĺô
ֻԼûôʱȥǧػصеҰ;Уһ˷ִ˵أԼɾǵùˡ
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ԼĪƬ̺ƽڵȴٶȳ΢΢ʶǳɹˣ
ʱоڵʹв֪ʱѾ࣬Ҳ𽥵ػָѡ
Լ壬ȴǾϲķ֣ԭֱӵڣʱȴǱΪʣһϸһɫĤԼɢЩȣȥƺ̺޾
ڵľʹ֪ѾȻصȥҲͬһʱ䣬ǻ㱵˲˹æɨԼȴǾ㵵ķ֣ԭػʴ߰ѾǾȡ֮ǣľǶɢһ㵭ɫĹԣȥΪ졣
ʹɢǵĻָҲʶؿʼһ飬ʱ֮䣬Ǳѹõ飬˲ϵԼܣһĻ΢΢ʧ
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һ·ǰͣ٣ܿǴԽǧ·̣һ·ϣҲ˲ʥصĵӻС壬ΪûͻҲǾܵԶԶܿԪʥصˣһҲûͬҲڸĳص·ϡ


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֮ҲɵضʯЦЦʯʱҲͬһ㣬ŮӵĲ֮·ǿվס΢΢̧ͷ̲סɻصǡ
ʯɵӣѧԺʥľôˣܹ˵֣ҲֻˣȻòͬҲֶ֮һȻҲǻɶѡ
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һλѡˣæűչأҪҲǳǼʶʯҲǲ⣬ˬʵһЦһ£ҵСʦá
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ʯ˵ͷһ£ƺ˵ʲôû˵ڣע⵽һĻҲûеƣҪתȥ
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գʯ˵˳óǹ¼ҹ˽ǱɽĿȻҲǻĳء
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ˣˣԺ˵
ҲҡҡԴٶѸٵǰҪǾϵĳأȻ˼һȫ֮ߡ
ҪԵĲһʥأĴʥҪһӣȻһԼع⣬³ǲõȥ

ǱǱɽΪ֮ͬҲΪҪΪ˵ÿһǱɽ󣬴ǧػȫ֮ǻĳرǻڴ
һƬǱɽޱ鲼ͬûκ޸ͣ˵Ϊǵ֮ءǾǧأֲڴ˴ѹҲ޲ҿ
Ƭ򼸺Ǵһŵ״̬ţڴʱȻǲڣȡ֮֮
Źϲɣ֮ǱУӰ˷ǵضȳһ㣬Ǳԭְƻøɸɾ
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Ǳɽ֮УٶЩջ񣬸ǱȻ֪ڽǻһ񣬵ǻĳصջ󣬻õǰͺ̵ĸ
ʱƣǿԽԽ֮࣬Ҳǳ
ݣ
ǱӰѾﵽһ˵ʱԶʣͻȻǿ鲨ţһӰһ־˵ٶȻʣֱĿע£ֱǱһɽ֮ϡ
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ңǵ֮ϣһµӡǡ
ȱʥأ
ʥӰʮȱʥصСʥӣ򣡡
һ˸һ¶棬Ƭؼ֮ʥ֮ˣڿʼˡ
˵ҲõһǧػأʹʦԲڣΪ¸һˣ
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˶֮ʱԶʣһƷ֮𣬶ЩƷ֮ģһ˵鲨
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Ϊǧػеľ壬ƻָˣһõʵһٺǶԵģϣʱȻĴʥҿƣȻͬʯ˵Ĵʥγʱˣ
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ҲһĨâһգһɫĳҲǶȻ֣ĸ֣񱩵鲨ʱͬһϯ
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ڵʵܹƼƷͺǲˣҪαǲܵ顣
ΪνԼԵģĳɳǳ֮ˣԼ;
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µεɶǱĵԪʥһ˵ĲԶһѪɫҰףоǾͽٺ֮ɫ
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ĴʥѾˣÿʥضȥһˣն٣͸ƾˡϣʱȻлա
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סΣɫȴе࣬û뵽Ȼܹƴø൱Ҫ֪ٵǿߣʥԪֹըķԵôǿӲ޷ݻ٣

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ŭһεȻֱӵؽԼ貵Ĺâ֮ڣһȻûа㷴
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ʱǴֱӵڣȻһμԣҲһԳܵĸ
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ѹȻһ߹ǺҲӡ
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뵽ֱӵ̤ɫͨУûаǽͨУʱǷ֣ͨϸ˵һɽռ䲻СһƬڣھͷȴһĨԵĻɫ
𽥵߹ȥʱȫؿɽ
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߹Ǻ룬һżΪ貵Ļɫţ֪ΪΣŻɫʱʱһִĳǷҲۣ
δǣǸоԼԼǰУƺ֮䣬һѹǰȴò֡
ģѹһߺǣҲԳô
ﰵĻĳӿԽԽȥûл飬ҲǲԸᣡ
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679 
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ǱɽĿҪˡ
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ҲͷǸռУ˵ͷǱɽԼɱһ޵ǣȻԪʥؾ׵ķŹԼǱɽȥ󣬿½ҪԵģԪʥص׷ɱˡ
ſռеĳ֣ǱǿߣҲûͣ뷨ˣĳѾյò࣬ڴȥҲûκεˡ
򼾺ĻݺݵĵһۺֱǴԼʥص˷Ӷֱǿռ֮С
ǿ߼״Ҳ𣬶ʱǱеƷϣӰǵصʧǿռ֮С
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лҲûֱͣһӣǶǿռг˽롣
һǿռк󣬲ϢĹΧľɫǳ˾޴ı仯ǰ͸ŹϲɣѹǱɽѾǰʧȡ֮ģһ޼ʵɽ֮ء
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680 ٴ
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СȻɱԪʥصСʥӣϷҪ֮أ
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ŭ֮Ƭؼѹʱǿ࣬ѹ֮£ǿ߶ǸоԼڵת·Ǳû
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һ˫ĶǰԶգĿռҵŤţһӰǴǿռ̤նһϮۣͷ׷˫ȴǾ˸ʮ㣬ʱǾ˸ŷűŭ֮ɫɭĶ
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⻰̲סһȻ֪նɱԪʥص޵ǣԼ鷳ôҲû뵽ȻһʥŵԳ֣Ļʹңı֮Ҳһ
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Ԫʥؿʥŵ˵һʦڵСˣǽ߾ǿߣô̵ʱУҪƿƵĿռҲʲô򵥵顣
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681 ֮
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𼱣ˣǧ͵ʲôطҲ֪Ե˿ģҲȻڵĵ
ô˵ԪʥؿǷѪǼһ֮һǿʮ鷳
ң̾̾ȻնɱԪʥصСʥӺҲΪ𾪡
ҽǹܲˣСӲܻȻܹʥصĴУˣǾֻܹûϵصɫ֮伫Ϊƽ
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ϵػԪŵУңȻ뵽ϵʵҲ΢΢Ц˵⻰ɲţǰϿǾӵʸ
ʱһһĹȥǹȥ˰£ͬʥʧһ㣬ԪʥصеѰҲûаϢ˵ʥذɳȥ׷Ѱ
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682 
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С죬ǺɫΪʧǶ˵Ǳ׽ˡ
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ţһġСգգ۾Ҳǳһּᶨ
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С飬ߣǻȥ
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һ˸ߵľ˶Ȼؾ˹ĿֱӵرС飬ǿһżأβϵغ󳷣žҵĶоųһɴʹҧסΪˣԼνĺˡ
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ɫ΢΢һߣڴľʹûа취С鳷ˣŴСС飬ߣ
ȿȡ
˵䣬ҲЩѪɵ΢΢ЦԼǵ͹ڵƣǼӿ˵㶯Ҳ㣬˵źսʲôģǻûԼȹˡ
Ǻŭ˫ɨӶС飬߶ʱСϣһĨ֮ʱԹס
С飬ȥ죡
ǿʹһС飬źϲСɫǴˣС黹ߣǾ͵õùˡ
СվСӣڿǸĿֲģŵܲˣܹýĻԴҲ΢΢ЦǺ̤˶ֱСȥͷβûаڡ
֣Ҳҧҧŭȵˣ
ûʲôãڵûиκвûд𣬶ǲ̤˻һһؿС顣
һĻҲһȫȻڵƣֱ̤ӵһȭӳʱһɴ̱ǵĺζ˱ǶŻ
𡭡
ǺȻԼ֣ʱعͷŭһһεֱӵϯǻǰƸ˼ȻˣƣֱӵصڲԶ
ۣ
أһѪпЦѣ⺣ʦڵӣҲܹ˵ԼˣǻƽȮˡ
ǺĿС飬˲һҲûмᣬǽħצ޸ͣС顣

˫ŭɣһŭ⣬ҪؿС뺣ħצܣȴûаãǶһָͷޱȵʹ
ףүһôͿ˲Ǳģ
ȻʱһϤϷȻĶ΢΢һ㶣Ҳĳ˿ϲ
ˣ
˵Ȼһ֮˯ͣһˡ
ٺ٣һǺòȥ˳ˡֱӵرԴϣǱеЦص
ڿˣбԼȥڿҽͷСŮҲǷ˷ۣ治ʡ͵ĵƣڿ಻ϡ
ԣ΢΢̧ͷͷɵǷ֮
ôռôҲЩ⣿ⲻӦ½Ǳߵô૵ֻûѡ
£Ǻ𽥿С飬˫¶ѵɫҪһС飬ȴһССҲڱүǰ
ѹûжֻ֣ͷһƣǺĶȻӲͬǱѹסһ㣡

һǺ͵رˣԶС飬صǺϣһĻһվҡҡλε˿޸ͣС飬οϡ


683 ֮
Ǻƺǲģڱ˺󣬲ûоʹԶ룬ٶȷ˼ں
ģЩ⻹ˣүУ
һˣ±ŭˣԭնɱֵֻ͵ֻŪԼ֣ɫһ￴С
Ǻļ֮£˻ҲǼӿ࣬һĪ΢΢̧ͷעɫȫػ谵Ҳ΢΢һ¡
ͷһϳ
ѵȻˣ֪ЩʲôͷһٳʲôɾͲˡ
ƲƲ죬ҲԼСצӣңңضͬĺݺݵһգʱ徲
߰ɡ
һУǴҡڵתɨһܣѸٵشС뿪˺ߣȥ֮ɫ׵ػ谵Ǻӿֵ˻һ˱һ˼ڰиɫףΪ
ǣһݵӰ̤˻Ϊɫ谵òģɱ棬ӦǸŮӣ̤˻ȥĺʬԱͣƬ̣ǰ˰֣һ˻⺣ʬٶȴ˺嫵С
塭
һģŮдûзУ𽥵˰ߣʧ˺ڰС
ٺҲǴСصȫĵطصһղǵ֮£ûѣ¾Ҫˡ
СôֵܵطˣȻ޾ĺ򡣡
˷ʵ˯֮飬νǰ㶼֪顣
Ҳǵ̾һ֮һһʮ˵˳طԼҲǲ֪ôͳˣʥʮǧǧ󲻿ܽ䴫͵ôԶĵط;п϶ǳʲô⡣
Ӧϳֵ˿ռ𵴣ǧ͵ķƫ
΢΢һ£Ҳ˹ãǵ޾ĺУɾ֪ôġ
޾򣿡
΢΢Ĭһ£ʵЩʲô
½½صȻҲкЩ͵ȵѣǺ嫵޾У⺣Ҫǿٱ˿ѷɫǿߡ
˸ǷƺǺ⣬ɨúƺʲôͫ΢΢һţɿʵˣ
ĬĬص˵ͷһ£ûʲôЧ

Ҳסˡ
ǰһѵҲֻʲô𣿣
Ȼ֮ɣһڣ
£Ҳ
Ͼǿվ˵֮һ
Ժ֪ĺôˡ
ĿעһģͼһۣĬĬı۾
ֻ£ͼԵʰɡ
ǣʲôհ
ģҪָ̫ˡ
Цѵص߶ʱϣ˹ӦŰ취⡣
ڵҿһ£Ӧµ飬谭ֻҪ취ǵ飬ܹѸٵȬ
һ£ʵˣǵûоʲô֮ߣһĵط
ԣ䣬ֱֻۣһɫӡǣЦǵеģǣûʲôá

˷̣һȴ֪õļһĲǵߵ飬ǰʲô㡣
΢΢ؽ˫צĵУ΢΢ر˫ȻػһʱоһĪĵϯûйڵģ
ɣ㻽
ѵõһ棬ͳصѾգ֮޷תΪûܵ㹻вԣ޷ʹá
һᣬڱǳǿĴʱֱۻظоһůؿǵӡǡ
һֱûκηӦӡǣʱȴ΢΢ɢĹâһȵĸо˲ʹȫ
໡
һ˵ĸо֣̲סŭһ΢΢ţ˵ƤǱûģӡȸоܿͬϯȫ¶ԽԽߣƺҪڲųȥ
ϣ˶Լַ
ò˵ֶصҲԶԶ޷²õѣһ͵غɵ¶һɫ
ǿ̶ȣԶԼ룬ҲǸԼ²һģһôڲǳ׵رϳ
ʱ˿˫ڴȸоڣһɳɫϵѭϡ
ʣǱǰƺ۵飬ԭճԼľУôǰȴ޷֮
ͬɥ֮ȮϵرţԼĪƬ̺Ȼ˫ֱӵضǰĵݺݵһȭȥ
䣡
ͳ촫ҹգ涼˲һ£ȭͷ֮ѺԲʮͬ֩һ㣬ɼСӡ
ģǰƳˣ
ϲ⣬ǳ˷ܣƺ۵ǵǲûԼĥǱƾܹѸٵȬڱƳǵֱϵҲ𽥵ƽȥµػָԭ
ӡǣ˳˼ĪͬԣֻеԼΣյĹͷŻǱ
Сӣ̫ˣǺεȵĴڣҲܹѵģİɣֻҪΪһļܹزݣʱ򡭡ٺ٣󲻵ĿԱߺٺһЦ
Ҳֻˡ
΢΢̾һܹԼݣǱ˵ˣʥ˿η塣
վ뿪Ȼкĳ֣ܶ
ͻȻصǸܶصնɱͷ壬ͬѰҵҽбǲߣǻ۵ˡ
ԣҲ΢΢üͷ⵹ǳϣȻûʲô⣬һҹƾ͹Ǻõ߰˰ˡ
һҹߣֱӵ£״̬Уȡػָƣõڶ峿СŮǶȥΪѣٶȻıǿɻС޹ɱ¾
뿪˰ߵ壬űȥСĸ׸£򱱷ԼĪǧһУĿҪȥȻ뷨취صʥء


684 Ů
ԼĪ죬ԽһɽѾԼؿһǽҲǲɵصһ
ڣڵѾȬ߰˰ˣӡ浽ͷҲз֮ԼҲùڵġ
ǰǺ˰ɣ૵صҲͣؼ·

Ů
ʱԱߵ涸ȻشлСĿ޺΢ԭǰĲͣת˹ȥ
͸ľ𿴵һӰһϮɫȹһͷǴӺ濴ŮӵļΪ𱬣˿һۣ־ᶨоͻġ
ڴŮǰһ˱ϣŮƤ޺ݺݵسţڲҽģԱһŮӻﱧһ޸ͣСӣ¶һֵɫǺɫƤŮӡ
ž
һƤ޺ݺݵسȥǸ˽¶ϰֶһѪܵı޺ۣһĻɵüͷ
ס֣
ŭһ˳ԭ£Сеľɫ΢΢
ͻȻĺٶȸ߸߾Ƥ޵Ů΢΢һ㶣Ҳͬ˾ǣæ󺰵ҡȾҰ

СһӵʹֱؿӣһĻҲǸһĨôСǰĥ˸ףΪδǹһ㡣
ߣ֪Сӣ
෴ŮӽƳһ𣬲ûĽк΢΢ͣһ£ʱٶеƤޣȻ£
ס֣
ͳغȵ΢΢һ˱˲ʧԭأǺɫŮӶʱһȻһ̣ԭµƤޣȴǺݺݵرץסƾλӶҲ޷ѡ
˭£
ŮӵΪ飬΢΢̧ͷҲ¶һžգƵСӳЩ΢죬ͷպס΢΢ǣŮӵ׾Ȼɫģ
·ģԴһӵĸףδֵ̫ˣ
߲ɵ΢΢ƣ¶ǿҲǲɵúüǰŮӣܵƤɫȹǰһ˫ڸǵСɽ壬Ϊۡ
һɫװԵΪ𱬣ǱɫסֻźɫƤޣһС
ߣȻ޴֪ôϲ£Ҳɱˣ
Ůߵɫ߰ͬһŮʣ֮ɫ΢΢˸һ£ǱյƤȴͬһ㣬ȻŤѣͬһߣֱۡ
ˣüͷֱӵطּץסƤޣһƤ޵ı渡һĨɫ΢΢һҲæ߶ڵ飬ֱ۱ɫĻֱӵסƤޣɫϵжţܵĿռ䶼΢΢سֳЩ
ף
¶ɫҪ֪ԼȻδȬԸһʦҲʲô⣬ǰŮӾȻܹԼ飿
СѾͷˡ
ȻͻȻðһԺĻʣŮҲǷ˹ƣһֱɫ飬ƼΪ
⹥ƣԼ֮侹ȻһִԼǰĲһŮӣһ˳ݺݵϯ
ģʲôʱٵǿˣ
ŭһǰŮٵʵһƱǿԿֲ
ݣ
΢΢صһɫĹâն˱ϵǿߣ
غ󣬹˲ԼƣæǴԼҵŶܵ÷ɿ죬һӾǲӰˡ
ߣԣлûˣˣֵԼ
ŮӵΪ߰ؿԳİӣΪ졣
΢΢һЦҲûᣬڵʩչŮӵĹƺһԵûвˣеƣǰŮӵΪǲ٣ôԼȴûʹȫĸо
࣬ҵΣ
ŮӿȻǿԼĹƣҲ¶˼ֲɫӨĴ꣬Ц
ԣʱߣŮô˵ŹŹֹ֣ҲǲŶԷھ취ս
ϣҾʹϣ
ԼŮЦһ̤һӰȻرóӰȻһӰʧԭأȡ֮һɫ캣ˣⷽռ䣬Ůǳ˵Ϸ߸ߵ
⡭
ʱ¶㵵ɫҡҡͷΪԼ˴ǰȴȷǳһˣϸһǷ֣Ůӵıɫ۶ɣȴޱȣ֮жһʪ⡣
߿ߣСӲǡ
ȻƺϳʲôҲʧ΢΢һ㶣ŮӵʲôݣΪ֮ɵ
̺ɱ󣡡
Ůӵͺһµĺ˱һѸ͵̬ݺݵϯһڶԷϸܵһǿϢ
٣
ŮӾٵǿߣֱһ̲Ǿر
ġ٣
ɫ˲࣬ŭһӿǴˣƫƫԼûȬ޷⣬ܶܲˣܵĿռ䶼ǱŮӵƸס
Ȼʱֱ۶Ȼشһů⣬ڶȻرһݵƣƱ֮ʣŮ͵ͣٶ彩Ӳ˰֮УǼµıҲȻӲͣٶ
ߣ
ߴٵʱߣʱ
˵ͷ֪ԼٴﵽвʱǵӡǵͷųֵסŮӵƣ˵μٵ˺󣬻һӰ±ʧԭء
ʧǹѹǻȥŮӵҲܹٴλ㶵ؿʧķ򣬰ǻعʺǣɫ¶һĨ˷ܡ
ԭѪζҹȻûиӦܲҵġ
ŮӿĵһЦҲĬĬؿһܣǱɫĺ˶ʱʧӰ٣Ҳǻһâ׷Ѱķȥ
ڷ˽ļµһۣٷǸֲŮû׷ԵһǶű˹ȥ
й˽ʱĹС鸸˵ǸУǿеĴУȴõޱȵʧȻһûС
ڴһмΪңԶĵطһΪ֮ǵĳСڱУͨһЩͳеĴ


685 ̶
Сӣñ̫ϣںܱߣгУǳҲԲͨʥĴġڼٵķӣ̲ס˵
ţô᣿
üͷһ壬֪߶ȻԵ޹ʵ˵
ٺ٣ʥ뺣ɲһԶҪʥ⺣򣬻ߴӺʥ򣬳⣬ˣֻԼʵһ·ӹȥ
Ƴһۺ󣬼˵ȻΪﵽʥ𣬻һǧ˲Ϣ
ԣ̲סһ飬ʥ𣿣
ڵּ𣬼ֱ͵صĲࡣ
˵ԼӹȥҲǼѵġ
˵ʥ⺣֮ŶôңԶľ룬һ·ϻʲôδ֪Σգõһɵ
ȥñǿɡ
̾һһѹֵסͷ
Ǳ⺣ǿɾ鷳ˣҪ֪ʥʥӵѡΣѾֻһʱˣȥˣʥͷαˣǵʱɾͺĪˡ
·ָߵķţҲҺ̫ͼĶȻĻһʦڵʵȸ·ſˡ
һ·֮£һֱҹĻĽ٣ͣһ߲͵Сɽϣһ
𾲾Աߣڵ֮ϣż㣬һζ
û۾Ǽ㣬һ˿˿ˮ̲ס΢΢ſе¡
Цҡҡͷֱȡһ˹ȥ
СӻաҲֱ̣һھʹӿҧһ飬Щĳ޵
ֻЦЦԼȴ˼ţ˵ǰ㣬Լôصʥȥ
ˣˣһһɽǰ·
ҡҡͷҲȥЩˡ׼ӿȡһ㿪ԣͻȻüͷһ塣
࡭
һ΢ʱǾվĿǺڰĵطȥȵ˭
ʲô£
üͷ˵ʱһ𣬶һļµӰǳԱߡ
С㱣һ죬һ±Сûɣ
ӰǸȹŮʱ֮ûаĲ˼ǷΪӿֱ֮ȡ㣬һһ㵵ȻԹԵĿʼ
һ죿еĿ㣬ʱЩľŮӸԼһ죬Ȼûв
һĳ࣬飬һֱ̣ŮΪʣµ
Ǿʲô
ҪҪһ𣬼һ̲ס̾һ
ŮӣǼɵ֪ΪΣڼ̰Եģںиһ·ûһ鷳ʱĪĶԵŮӣһ˿øС
ǸŮȻǶˣûںԼı仯һԼСţһֻֻڱһֱ֮ǲˣֻһֱǻΪһѩɫĲӰǼգ۵ĹڿϵĿȫһ̲̲ͷ֮С
˵үϲƯŮӣҲǰģߣҺԵģûţԣûУԼСӣںϣа

ϢĹ򣬿ʣµȫһˣõŮһĴͣʵ벻ͨһֻôСĶӣôװôͻҪĿ㡣
쭣Ҳ̲סһ飬ҲǿٵĽԼеĿꡣ
ǸΪʲôҪңüͷʵ
⣬ôţҶԸ𣿡ǸŮһ˫ɫһĨƻ֮ɫһȻ˵
⻰üͷһʱԼǸŮӡ
ǺǣԸң
ЦЦڰԼסһ˲䣬궯ȻӦúǼɵԼڵ
ҽк̶İɣÿܱ֤ܳԵ㣬ҾʱԸ㡣Ůɫһ˸˵
ˣҪϢˣҲ֪һʲô̥һ컹ۡ
̶С죬̭˵һ˵ֱ꣬ӵһۣߵһߵһʯͷ˯

̶ȻۼˣƬӵʱ䣬΢Ȼ
컹߰ޱȣкҰŮӣʱȻûа֮ģ˯ˣɫҲһı仯˯˵ĺ̶ɻ֮ɫ
ˡ
Ȼע£̶ŵϣһֱɫĹâֶγһɫˮһ㣬使С
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һĻ˫ͫһɫˮ֮УǲһּΪصĲֲޣľ£ǲˡ
̲֮ˮ
ɻ֮ʱЩȵĶ
̲֮ˮʲôһ㶣ʵ
ǺǣСЩ򵥰пǡܵϵƴ֮ˡ
ҡҡͷûлش⣬˵İɣ飬ӦСӹҪעģֻҪ㲻˺㡣
ʲô¡ҪʥģѲһֱ𣿡ţҲҡҡͷ
֪㣬ߣ⺣ĹϽΧڣǿʡȴ˲鷳һЦ˵
εҡҡͷǸ̶ʵ״̬»ҪǿҿԼһ죬Լûзǲ֪ԼҪ˦ºܲʵ
Ϣɡ·Ҳֻε̾
һ·Ȼղ䣬Ƕľ˵ЩƣģҲϥ¡ڵҲһĨ˯⡣
һҹ޻գһƳԸոҫ
СӣСˣˣ֪أ۾һͬǴĶС
𡣡û˼
ŶǸллĿ˹ԹԵģÿϸС׼ÿ㣬ұ㲻Ϊ㡣̶СһལǰȻ˵
˵󣬺̶Ҳ˵ֱǽһͬһ˳ȥܿ죬ʧС
ʲô°浱Һ۸˲ɡ
촽ɲź߻뿪ԼҸղź̶뿪ʱ˵ĻȻϻġ


686 ʥ
߰ɡϣ㵽ǣڳ棬ݣ˰ɣ
аҲһűǵķȥ
뿪ʱĹɽ²ԶĺϣˮĶȻһʮɸߵľ𣬺ݺݵɽ֮ϡ
˻ȥ𴦣ʮӰ
̫ӣ̶СӦø뿪ãﻹǱʥеϢ
һ϶۵ߵ̶ЪϢ֮һһм깪˵
׷ߣʥһͳκǧˣ˺̶ֻһŮץסϧһдۣΪ׵һݺݵ˵
ǣ
ĻһӰǶ˺ˮ֮У뿪ķ׷ȥ
̶ܾҵ飬ץٺúõ۰㣡ԵӰ뿪ɫޱȵ
һ·ϣ糾Ȼǲ֪⵱УһĪķھĸ·ں֮⡣
ĥһ£ǻһ׷װʦְҵ۷ڽʥ֮ʽسΪƷʦò˵һٶʡ˲ٵ鷳ڽŵʱЩƷʦ۷ҹ
֮ĿֱģСҩĵ֮꣬ģҪѰһЩҩѸٻָƣֻܿʧ飬ת˴һջû
ǿƹģСôһЩѰҩĶûüΪյص
ǿ޾ĳУҩ̫ϡˣûֵϵûпκʦҲʼ
ǵҲǡˣԭķΣڽֵ϶˵С㿴
ӺԣܲɨΪڣ󲿷ΪϵƷʦ۷
߿߿
ǰ˹·ˡ
Ȼʱһ۷ĶмٵȺ֮д˲ٵĻңüͷ΢΢Ƕ㿪ǼĿ
ףǲǸô
ţĺڼҲһˡ
˵˺һҲȥӭˡ
ĪǱʥһʹ߽٣
ȺҲ˽ﳾȥһ˵ıӰš
ʥʲô⡭Ӻԣ޾Ҳѹָ֪
ʦˣһκɣ
ҲֺõعЦ޾Եһʮǣʮ֮һͳƬǶıʥһ壬ʮǵ˶ԱʥһΪ𡣡
üѵ˸ͣҲӳһƷʯ˵
˿˵һ䣬ƷʯҲ˫۷¶Цˣʵʥһ尡ͳ˺ǧǿڣǱʥһλʹ߳УʮǵĳҪԽӴ
ټĺֻбʥһ壿
΢΢ʵԣ޾ֻбʥһĻһʵǿֲޱˣܹǧͳ麣ʥ֮
Ȼǣ޾аһĴ壬ֻʥһǿ츳ֲƬϾ˵ڱʥ֮£Ҳƽƽ
ǺʵŪͲˡ
ڤһ壬ˮʥһ壬һ壬ĵλڱʥһ塣
ԣҲĬĬؽּתȥѰ֮Ȼټ·޾һʮǣҪص½ϣҪʱ䡣
ʱ֮⣬ʮӰЩǹ˿ĵ
°Ǭ
һӰֱӵصȹڵϣȺӰеΪû˿Ĳ
䣿겻Ϊ˲٣ˡ
국ȻһЦɨһʵأѵΪڤһҲûʸӼô
в֪̺һ˿ŭ⣬ԼôĴ֮һʮǵĳȻԼڣ
Ϣŭڱչأ޷ǰǰҲæ͵
ߣһ̲ͷӻͻ߾
ɫ˻۵ߣǣϢҪñ֪ҵݡ
΢΢̧ͷ¶һĨ졣
ʲôʲôʲôĪ⸱뵱ôԱߵһŭ
²ңԭ¡Ҳæͷ
䰡֪ҵ˼ҵĻպͲ֮ˡ껺ǰ棬һ⻰
ǰɫ䣬˲ʮǵĳֻбʥʸ˵˼Īǡе㲻ȥҡҡͷԼȥЩ
һСӵЩ鵱УѰ·
Щ飬Ȼǲ֪ڱǵѰҵһջҲǰɫ𽥵ػ谵Ƕ𽥵ذ
ףСôûгˣ
΢΢ؿһ۴Ǻ̶ôû֡
İɣСܲ˵ģϵϢǶŷǳ
˸ǷȴֹãʡĸԵġ
ڴʱȴͻȻشһЩע⡣΢΢һƺںҹ֮б׷ɱĶ
ţô£
΢΢ر˫ʶɢ¶һĨɫ˺̶Ϣʮңٺ̶Ϣβ档
£ֱӵؿ粽ӴԾ˹ȥѭź̶Ϣ׷Ѱȥ
̶£ͱ˷ˣǱǣܲģ
ɫУӰӹΪ׵ȻǺ̶ֻ΢΢żµĺˣʵٵĺ̶ȻҲб׷ɱһĻ
ģǵ˭Ϊʲôֹɢ
̶ڵϢΪ΢ղڽ̵ʱֹܵɢڰΪǶòˣҲǿгһ
̶ǻȥ֪ôİɣǵǰܿ͵ˣʱ޵㻹ôܣһЦ
̶ٶԽԽЩǿҲ٣ۿžҪ׷˺̶һУõıʥһĹȻ䵽׷ɱ޾˭ӣ
λҹ׷һŮ˼ңʺô
ȻʱһˬȻشطļž̶ɫҲ΢΢ؼһϳǸһġ


687 ꣬ū
˲֮Ӱǳ˺̶ߣ̶ĳ֣Ҳصһ̱ĻС
㣬ңлú˵Ϳ
æסǿȥΪĺ̶Ҳ΢΢һź̶㣬ټϼڻǷǡ
ʲôأжˣЩһ׷ɱҵˣٶȽˣҪ鷳̶ҲǴʾϽ֡
Сӣ˭ûǱ±ѧӢ۾ǰԼҲȥ
ǶԺ̶׷ˣĳֺҲͣ¶˼ɵɫ
ѡҪôߣҪô
ź̶ɨӶ⼸ˣҲҡҡͷǿ٣Щ˶Լв
֪˭ôҿڳԣ
һҲŭȵ˵ӰȻرΧȥ
ǣԮǾ鷳ˡ
̶ص崫Уѣεĸоǲ֪Էݡ
ǣʮǵжԱʥһĹ֣Щ˵Ҳ̫򵥡
֪ԣҲǵ˵ͷϮˣûκλεĶڵͬӿ˫ųɫĻ棬ֱӵʩչӡ
䣡
ӡ̺ð˲رϯܣӰҲֱӵرɳȥᣬֱӵرź̶ʧԭء
ʧƬ̺ڲԶٶӰΪ׵ĺȻǰڳųֵꡣ
أ
굽ܵʱҲǳɫ
˾
һڵʩչӡûɱ⣬ֻΪ˳ˣЩƶء
˶ֹɢˣȻץסǺã
ԣʱܻҪֹ֪ɢ޾ǼΪѰΪֹɢڱʥһǿΪЧǲᱻ֣ڽҩ롣
ΪŪֹɢ֪˶Ĵۣͷȴһա
βŭ
Ϣŭ˰г־Ȼܲˡ
غһǿѹеŭ𣬳Ƭ̵Ҹ߰䣬𣬷ǣѾͷֹɢ϶ܲǣʥһʣԽⲻֹɢ
ǣ
²֮ǶǱҹҰѰƺʲôˣǣ³޵ļ֪飬֪⵽Ƿʲô顣
ڿջУĺ̶ʱĺ̶ɫΪ԰ףһ˫ɫӰ뿪ƺʱԹȥ
ôˣеʲô
æʵһٵǿߣ¶˵ģе⡣
еĲǶֹɢԼû취⿪Ʒϵʦþ֮𣬷յҩԣܽ⿪
̶ǿסԼǣҲ֪֧Ų˶ãǻѵʱ򣬶㣬ԲҪ͸¶Ϣ
˵仰֮󣬺̶˱ǻ˯˹ȥֱӵ̱ĻһĻе㲻֪롣
⵽ô£Ӻԣһ
ûв´ĻӦǱʥһģֹɢԳ˶״̬ƫƫʥЧǿߣһմȾЩֹɢҲǺõȥ
һº̶¶һĨɫڱʥһĵλ϶͡
ô֪¶˲ɫ
̲֮ˮֶǱʥһ嵱оѪ˲ܹѵһڱʥУܹѪ֮ģ󲿷ֶǻѪ
һ𣬵ϴ鷳ˣݲ򵥣׷ɱܹ˿ɵضĴһ
ҵ졭
ʱеգ˵Լƺһ鷳
ʱĶٶǴһҲľѣٵıǵǿʼѰƺѰʲôˣǸ⺫̶йء
Ȳô࣬˵ɡ
ҧҧȻ鷳޷ˣôҲǴӱܣպ̶ԣƷʦܹյֹɢҩԣôպҲ֪Ǻ̶̫ˣˣû
£˺̶˫΢΢ĺϣǸƤףҲ̶ܹܵ
ò˵⺫̶ȷǸ𱬵ģǸԸʱһҪĸо
ʹҡҡͷæǽЩͷȥ΢΢ر˫Ժеľؽ˺̶嵱С
ˣ
һ̶ԶһɫĹâڿľ룬ҲǿЦã⺫̶ƺŻر
ûЩϾľһ˿ɱȣںķһǿľ𽥵ؽ뵽˺̶ڣؿ̶ڣ˱ɫ֮⣬һɻɫĪЩĴڣ˺̶תģ
ֹɢҩô
૵ص󻺻ش߶ԼľֵǣԼľڴЩɫ󣬱Ѹٵر⣬˶ã̶ڵֹɢǱ߰˰ˡ
ԼĪһĹ˫һֹɢʲôֵ⣬ҲҿԼƷʦҪȻ⺫̶ڵֹɢ֪ô
ǻԹȥĺ̶Ȼؽһ˫¶һĨãȻ
ףҲֹɢô
̶»عʶһԼ壬ȴǷһжͬɵסˡ
öлң־һˣͼ˯ɡԱߵص
ôȵңֹɢֻС
̶ȵص¶𺳵ɫ˫ɵôǳһţָ͵㡭ǡʦƷ
ǰƺҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ɲ䣬Ҫµۻġ
˷ۣ˵ͷҲĬϣûص³ƽˣҲǷˡ
һ·ϵĸ·Լܹ֮鷳û⺫̶ԵʣԼһΣҲǳƽˣǷ
̶ĬĬ˵΢΢һתҲͻȻؽЦѽС㷢ԽԽˣȻƷʦū̫ϧˡ
ͣͣͣ˵㣬ԼѱˣôЩеûġʱͷۣ⺫̶ԸɻĲ²ⲻ͸
ⲻһҪʲô
̶Ҳ΢΢һЦֱӵ̧֣°ͣĲҵūôֻҪӦˣ޾Ҳ˸Ҷô
⺫̶Ϊˣʶ˺ȼ֣ԼڵĴ㲻һ׷ɱˣͬǵĻѰ㡣


688 
Ҳû취Ŷƺи۵ļһҽ鷳
̶ҲЦЦƺȫЩ£ֻǣ˫ȴ˸űĺ⡣
⺣ΧڣȻ˸Ҷ˵ݣ򵥣
㵽ʲôˣʥһʲôϵ
ʱҲɫ˫ضź̶Ҫóһ𰸡
̶עӣе㲻ҲصˣˣˣûȤ˵СǱʥһĹ¡
ʥһĹ
𰸣ʱסˡ
Ȼ²⵽̶ݲ򵥣ɲû뵽ȻǱʥһĹݿеˣʥͳ޾ǧ壬ǵĹǶΪ嫺δͳߡ
룬Ҳǹ˵ˡ
ȵȡǱʥһĹôΪλ׷ɱ
ʱע⵽˲Ծ޾Ȼ˸׷ɱʥһĹҲǻòͷ˰ɡ
ܼ򵥰ץһȥģ˭ɳģҲȷ̶ʼҲ˳ĬУƺʲô顣
鷳ˣѾͷǱʥһĹҶֵˣҪôǱʥһˣҪôˣûеֿˡ
ϾϺ꣬һ۾ǿӣ⵱бһеУǸ޷С
Ҳغһͷضź̶㻹ʲôҡ
̶Ϊؿһ𣬸ӣæֵûûˡ
ѣ
Ȼ޴ҲǵȻǱʥһĹΪζ뿪ʥһ壬׷ɱˣǳǱʥµֹɢҲ˵Щ˶ǼΪʥһ㣬ԣӦ֪ҪԸ˭
̶סˣƬ֮ˣˣɡ
ҵȷǱʥһĹЩûв´ĻӦǲڤһˣΪҲϵϢ
̶εر˱С죬ΪҪҸڤһҲԸԼܳˡ
ʥһ幫ݣ㲻飬ûܹǿɣ˫עź̶ƺҪϵܡ
оǣܶิӵ¡
̶СԴΪʥһȨĲҸף常ҪҼ޳ȥȻܹ˳Ľӹʥһ塣
ԣʱ࣬޾Уʥ֮ĹϵҲǷǳ΢ҲˣʥУʥ֮ĹϵҲô
ԣǹ㸸ӦòǱʥ쾨һ峤ô΢΢ЩԾ
ҸΪͻƾӶ߻ħһֱڱչأڵĴС¶常ڴһЩϣҺͲڤһΪһͻƵʥ˾ͻǳΪʥһһ峤ӦǲϣһĻɡ
̶˵ʱɵҲǳ˰ԹԱĬĬûʲôΪˣԼƣһжΪȨƵ
㸸׳صĻһȻҲӭжˡĬһ£Ҳ뵽һ취
ûô򵥣Ҹ߻ħʱ־壬ԲǱء̶ҡҡͷѰҵ˵еʦа취ָơ
ʦҲӦ֪ʦˣǷëǰĴڣټʥ򣬸ûһɵʦ
̶̾һҲǵͷ˿ǱʥһĹޱȣʵϵֻԼԼĻ¶޷ʲôɿԣ
˵ʦأ
ͻȻؿڵ֪ΪΣ̶ģıһ£̲סҪ԰æ
ʲôʦ̶ԣȻ̧ͷ㵵ؿеš
ˣүҲƷʦʦҲʼ˻ﲻ㣬ҿԡ
˻棿̶ŰɣϾ޾ĺУʦǲڣͻȻسһеš
ƭʲôá
ЦãҲɫҰԣҲҪġ
˵
̶գգ˫ֻۣҪʦϰ׵⣬ôҲõܵ常ʩѹˡ
֪ңΪϵϢİɣ⡣
˷ۣҪܼ򵥣ϢںԣջɲСҲֻк̶һ֪ǴȥĻǿ߶Ҫ鷳ˡ
̶תתҲǺٺһЦɽ
ôˬ죿
ֹе㻳ɵؿһۺ̶ⲻԸ
˺ˣڼȻӦҵæô͸һرʥһ塣
̶Ҳ˷ܵص뵽Լ׵нİ취ҲĻŭţҪֱܡ
ʲô˶㣬߳ȥŶȥ˷ۣҲѵ
ʲôұǵĳȥҾͲˣʾԼݣô
̶ҲǱ죬ԼñʥһĹʮǵĳĸԼǹġ
ʱԣ⺫̶ǲ֮ĹĶǰڱǵĻǲ뵽ѰУҲ˵ǲڤһǹںǵˣȻˡ
ˣ֪ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڽֵҲʵ
䣿ûǴĻӦǵĸ̶üͷôˣ
ûû²Ļ⡣Ƭ̣ҲʵĳǺˣ
ҵ磬Ҹ׵İӡ̶һҲǻش
ĻҲȫûϣ
˳ĬУǳȥˣǺ̶ܹҵȻĻƾź̶֮뿪䱸ɭϵںǡ
ɣȳȥ̽һܡ
Ҳ˶Բߣ̶ʱ¶棬ҲֻԼȥһϢ
㡭Ҹ׵ҵĻǻ㡣
̶˵ͷûǿҪİȫ˵ʵһٵǿߣ߾ǿ֣ܹ߳סһҲֹɢǱ
ӹһöָһɫĲεķţǶ뿪˿ջҪץʱ̽ڵںδ
һ֮Ӧڳݴ̽ϢԼĪʱ˳ܣɵüͷ


689 Ŀŵ
ûǿߵϢǿҲ٣棡
૵صܹΪһ֮Ҳһ鵤ĴڣûǿϢ
ڴʱھԶͣȴͻȻؿ˵İ䣬ɵǸԣˣһ̬䶼Ǵ󣬶̬Ϊ
ǲڤһ
΢˫жϳӵݣ˵Ļ԰ݲ˹Դ
䣬Ϣˣ
ʵһҹȥˣȴûк̶Ϣⲻɵķ
ѾȫѰˣҲǷǵУֹɢܲȥ죬ٸ°ʱ䣬ȻܹҳԣͷҲǸһĨ亹
䣬Ҫסûʲôֻк̶
Ƴһ۰ǴˣӦҵ˼̶ô
ǣǡ
亹ǲҵڤĻԼҲǶԷһͷ¡
ˣͻȻְɣҪ֪ϼһļӣҪ֪ҶԸ̶ǲ׳¡ƺ뵽ʲôͻȻص
ɷģұչأʱ֮Ӧ޷֡Ҳæش
Ȼã֣Ҳη壡һҲȥ˵һ仰ðЦѡ
ǽٲѺ̶ץ⸱Ҳˡ
һеĶԻ˲ԶУƾŹ˵ĸ֪֮ĶԻҲһֲ©ı¿һȺ뿪Ҳ˳˼С
ⷬԻ֪˲ٵϢǾͬҲڱչأѹԼϢ
ĿǰŲڤһҲԼԤϵУĿľΪ˺̶εжű˵ģЩҲǲ֪ץĶȻǱʥһĹ
ĿǰҪǣҵĻ̶ܹ˿ˡ૵
Сӣ˵Ҳ㣬Сĵ㣬ڤһΪı췴ֻҪ̶ǵУƬ޾ֻ¾Ҫˡ
ȴǶԣץ̶ΪҪ£绹аеǿû֡
֪û취Ŀǰֻ¡
̾һҲղ˵ģҲйļɵ
ǣڣȴҲΨһİ취ˡ
ҲǴֱӵǱнУ궼뿪ˣĳܹ룬ҪѸٵѰչص
ڲʲôɵǱ뵽˳УȷʧˣˣҲûв쵽İϢ˵ʲôˣͺڲˡ
ûа취ʱȥɲСʱԽãԺ̶ĴԽ
԰ɣʲôӦͻ߾ĹͷΪ̫ܲϢҲ
˷۵ȻǿΪҲֻǺٺһЦЩ»ȻãȻѰ֮ʣں̶ǱҲ仯ϲı仯
ȥûú󣬺̶ڵĿջǿʼѰ̶ִַŲЩҲǸϲͳں̶ϣԴУЩѰջʱˣһӾͬͱһ㡣
ǿջ֮⣬ʮΧһɷĶǰΧȦ֮һӰ
ӰǺ̶ʱһķŭ֮ɫֳһѻĳޣԶϵ˺ۣȻǱⳤɵġ
Сӣҿ㻹ǹԹԵĸ߰ɣûҪԵͷ
ڰΧȦϵһЦһĴЩͬ²ʾݡڤһ壡
ɢϢȻҲһٵǿߣʱһЦĶź̶
ԭѰǲûб̫ϣû뵽ҸôͻȻԵСȻһ˿̶֪Լ˳
һ뵽ԼûȥĽӱ̲סҪЦ
Ҫĳߣ֪ݣҶҶ֣һ˲ɣǣǹ˭ܣЧ˭֪𣿣
̶гָΪ֮ˣŭⷬС³ȴûа֮һĳЦ֮
̶Ϊԭǿɲ˶ķϻѾֹɢǹԹԵ־ܰɣ
Ϊ׵ĲڤһЦһ˸ŵĺâѿֻҪ̶ٲԻ˲֡
ˣǶǷˣϢΪأǱʥһ嶼û֪ٺ٣ʱǲ棬ǽ㽻ȥҲû˻ֵͷ
ϾӣˣҲ
˵ڤɫúѿȻǰȻǳԹ̶ӵĿ
ƾǣҲץסң̶̵Ĵ۾һתԶŲٵĻǶ߸˹
Ǻǣ֪ǱʥһţСС;;Ѫֹɢֻжٵķ֮أ
ЦһǳԶ˺һ㡣Ȼں߻ܶȽ֣ѹûȥ룬ʱĺ̶Ѿİ½ֹɢ
ߣԿûз֮
̶һг޶Ȼͬһһ͵ĳֱǶӵźȥ
ৣ
żƷ֮ת۱ǵӵǰܵⳤۻ飬ӵɫһ䣬ߵʵȻûаΪֹɢԵʶơһ֮£꾳Ҳֻóˡ

ͬʱ̶ǳһ޻䣬׵ĳһʦĻֱǴһȱڣһǶӶȥ
ˣ
̶ûдӳߣֱǷӹǽޱߵĺȥٵӱǼѿŭһǴһɻ׷ȥ
ڿջ飬𲢲֪ھĵȴĸӦ
ڱƬ̺۾Щص˵
ڱǣüͷһ壬ڵĻЩѰˡ
𣬺̶ӦǳˣǵĻˣлвٲڤһˡüͷ˵
ǼһԹԵڿջ𡭡
⣬һǽӴûΣ֪ߵӣȻڹؼʱ̶̣Ƣ


690 
һȺ׷ʬ壬ҲҪҴ
ʱһŭԶǸڤŭŭţǰսսҷ䡣
ҹҲûˣ
ǣ
һǿϢӰɷĴӳзӶ𣬶ĺȥȻǵĿǺ̶
꾳Ǽ뿪Ӱ̲סüͷ΢΢һ
ǺǣڤһҲ̫ȻĻľͲּˡЦȻֻҪ߼ǿߣǱʥһ嶨ȻҲϾ޾ư̾Զġ
̾һҲȻ뿪ϢԶԶĸЩӰ֮
ڳ˱֮ǰЩӰǷɢ˿꾳ǿΪףһЩǵĻֳʼѰ
СӣǸûᡣ
꾳ǿ߷ɢЦ˵Ǵ׷˺̶ʱЩ鷳ˡ
˵ͷһӰ֮󣬴꾳ǿѾԶҲǹһĨЦ⡣
˭
¶һϢǱں֮ϵ꾳ǿ߶Ȼüͷһ壬ͣĿҲǾĿ󷽡
ǺǣλˣôҪȥﰡûڲص˼ֱǶһ˷˹ȥлЦ˵
ֻһʦڵСӣǸ꾳ǿеľҲǻķڿϴŵƷʦ۵ʱ˫ͫȻһ
̶ֹɢģΪ׵꾳ǿһ˫Ŀɷʵ
꾳Ĳڤ˵ʻֻЦЦûгҲûзϡ
Ǻǣ㵨ӻǲڤһҲҲ֡
꾳ǿͻȻЦ죬˵һλᣬ˳ǲڤһ壬Ǳ㲻׷˴εĹ
ֻҪ˳ǲڤһ壬պĺôΣһƷʦ꾳ǿĶˡ
ԥһ㣬죬̧ͷϾа֮ɫڤһ壿ܺͱʥһ𣿡
䣡
⻰Ǹ꾳ǿ϶ʱӿһɷ֮·ĺˮȻըͬһ¡
Сӣҿᣬһλᣬɱѡ·ˡ꾳ǿǿѹеɷ֮˵
Ļδ˵ֱ꣬һͬһĶ˹ȥԼж˺ߵĴ𰸡
ߣ֪νһ׽ȥ֮ˣ
Ȼȳ֣꾳ǿ̲סһһֱһֶץ˹ȥ
֮ո£ԵҲǱӶ
㻹ûǸ¡
һЩֵĻû˿飬ֱһǸ꾳ǿߵһצλΪӰ
ৣৣ
ͬһЩӹһâһҺ֮Ǵ˿
Ǽʱ䣬αǳЩĺ󷽣Ȼתſ͵Ц⣬һĶǸ꾳ǿȥ
أأ
һαֲסӰֱӵںˮ棬ܿ죬ѪǴ͸˳һƬĺȾЩͨ졣
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
Ǹ꾳ǿ߼һĻ̲סͫһЩ϶ʦڵǿߣͬΪʦڵСӣȻڼһ־ѹ̬Щش
ûлش˼˫УһĨ⡣Ȼʶ̶ʱ䲻жŮӣѾĪĺøУЩ˾ȻĶһŮǰ֣Щ͡
ˮХ
ѹͬȼǿߣȴûʲôĵСӶ˹꾳ǿ߲֪ΪΣиеһĨļ֮ɫһ˲ֱӴһӣһɵĺ˺Х
𣡡
⺣ڿնͬһˮһ㣬ŭһźƵֱӶȥ
ƣ
ԺХˮûаη֮⣬ûҪ˼ֱһһһۼױǽǡ
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692 ֮
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Сӣ䵣ıˣ絣ԼȻôģ
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ѪౣĳɫЩ仯ʱ֮һ֮
˵Լ֮УϹһĨЦ⡣
ߣһѪѣں֮⣬Ǻ֮е飬֣Ѫ޷ǾҪõ峤֮λ𣿲ܣʱϻ𱬵Ǻܲʱ
һʱɫҪѪˣ̣λԼ£޲ֱӽߴң
ϣ⻰˵ľͲˣҶں䲻Ĺͼı峤һλ֮˵
ȭͷòײŽеŭѹȥóȻضǻ˵ķУԼ峤֮λıȡֵĹؼʱ̣Բš
ߣѵ˵ôһͷˣҪΪ峤Ҫõһ峤ֻҪһûУ㺫Ǹ峤
ŭֱƺ̨Ļᡣ
úúã㷴ҵαʥһ峤ĪǸʲôұʥһȺ֮أлɳˣ
ǺһٶѿԼȻҲŭѣֱӵرǻڶҷ׷ףҲȲѣίȥ˼´죬ȶ֮ң֤ףȻٽų
˫ŭɣ⺫ǷˣΪ峤֮λȻѪˣֱӵضԴ


703 ͼıλ
ں֮󣬶ʱԱߣͱĳҲǻվ˼ԣҪֱӶ֡
ı峤֮λݹΣյвܣ峤ѺԲùȥģ߲ѡ
ƾ޾ݣݺңҲѪ˰ΪڵİƲ˼°ɡ
΢΢һĨЦҲ˿һЩ۵ĳϣֻҪϣôܹ׵ѹһЩ
峤֮λֿɵã
ʱһȻشõ˶¶֮ɫ
Ҫ峤֮λɸ˵αˣֶΣʥΣѵУ
׽ӳһ𾪵ɫʵţΪʲôʱ֣ôܣ
ݼ峤
ʱˣҲ˫ȹ£̬Ϊضſڷ򺰵
ţһӰ߶Ȼǻһˡ
Ӱ֮ʣɫ׵رûҰףе𾪱һ־ȡ˺̶֮ʣҲǸµǵһ͸ˡ
ɣұչض̶ʮ꣬ǿб£ѱʥһ棬ˣ
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ڶûܹףΪʲôԼѹұڤһĺ̶Ȼǳ
ȥ˼˼ɣû̤һ
һ֮ԭҵľ棬Ϊĳֱӵرƿأ΢΢ƳһۺҲûйʲô飬ֱӵ³
ŵ仰Ǻ׵ҡ
˼£ǿǱʥһ巸´֮˲Żǽȥĵط
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Աߵ𿴼ҲǰľһʥֶιϣǾһȲ˵ġ
źλѺȥЩ֧˴ʱȻҲǿƣа䲻ͬ
Ǹ߸ߵ峤֮λϣɨӶڳˣҲ඼֪ˣڤһģȻܹһ

Ƭ̺󣬺ƳһеӽǱʥһʮλϣȥˡ
ǡ
Ҳǹصڱʥһڣһǽ߼ǿߣǳΪϣȻҲǲ⡣
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ںλϽ˳˴֮ھʣºк̶ˡ
СֵܣĶлˣûУ̶ҲӵʥһҲܵҡ
΢΢һЦȻ˵仰ͻȻ˼ɫȻرò԰ࡣ
ס̶ʱǾе
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ܹ㡣
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ԣⲻ΢΢һ¶˲˼ɫȻ֪Էʦȴû뵽Ȼʦ
Ҫ֪ʦǿǷëǰĴڣʥ˵ɵʦԲһֻ֮
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Ͼʦ˭ƿؼڵ飿˭ǰ΢ľ
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εȵһ۾ǿ˺ڵƲѰ߻ħİˣһ𱬷ΪʱڳˣòݣȻǴʦҲԽ
԰ɣ˵а취ԣҲ΢΢̾˵⺫ڵƲֹۡ
ǰʦûоԵİգֻ˵Ϊ΢΢صҰѻ˵̫Բµʱʧ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˹ͷû£㾡ͺãԼʱѪսµİ˶಻ҳʱ߻ħܹ֧ŵڣҲҵĸˡ
úҲǵ˵ͷں̶ڴл˺Լƴ˺ϡ
΢΢ر˫ü֮жȻһۻľֱӵؽ˺ڡ
ڽ뺫ڣҲ΢΢ؾ㵣ںڵҪżΪصƣΪµ£һЩѪǺԼҲ޷ɢҲٹǳֺɫİˡ
һ߲ϵʴźǻˣƣ޷֧µҲӵʥΪӲؽЩѹȥ
ֵ⣬ЩѪΪϵ˵ԺҲΪʲô߻ħʱʧȥǵԵʡ
Ƭ̺𻺻˫ɫƽԱߵĺ̶æ׷ʵҸôˣ
̶𼱣˵ɫƺףҲΪ⡣
ǰˡֱԣڵƣΪ΢΢̾Ϣһ
̶ԣɫò԰ףǲ赹ȥеԽʵ˵ʦܹôôûа취ˡ
ϵУˣѶô꣬Ҳ׬ˣҲûʲôģֻǷ±ʥһͱ̶ѡ
ʮֹۣϾԼڵΪ˵ΪҲϵС
취һа취ĶԲԡ̶ǴһĨǻʵǽܲʵ


704 
ɫΪѵҡҡͷǺո߻ħ֮ʣֵĻְգȥôõʱ䣬ڵѪأʥ鶼޷ɢοľ
һ꣬ĻһΪðա
ʱͻȻؿڶˣŲڣں̶̬̲ס֮ġ
ţʲô취Ȼ˫еʵ
ҪƳꡣ
ڵ㵽Ʒʦľټ۷ʵܹٶȳ֣Ļ
˼ǣƳȻڽƷʦ
㵵صȥΪ򵥣ʵϣͻƵƷʦǿҪĻԵҪ֪ԴӽƷʦ󣬾ȴһֱɴ˿ɼ˵ƷˣƷҲûжٰա
ţĿǰֻˣûڲƷʦҲֻ³
˷۵ûеֿܣϾ߻ħϰ˻۱ܹ֧ŵڣҲ
˳ĬͻȻƽ嵱ƺҲԼ˵ֻҪƷʦҪȥԼĳŵĪƷʦлʲôͬ
İ취ڿǣܹƳֻҪѰҵϼɣѾ֮ڱҪΪƷʦȻʱĻ޷ı³
Ƭ̣𻺻˫źǰһȴûʲôգ֪ɷһԣ
а취̶ϲضԼ׵ɾﰡ
˵ҺĳⱲʲôûˣҪôҲܲˡһЦҲʾ𾡹˵
ǰʵ˵ܹ֧һҵʱ䡣ɫƽصܹƳꡣ
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ʥǿ߶ԣ޷ıĽ֣ܹ꣬Ҳ塣
ȴҡҡͷ˵ȻֻˣڣһȡͻƵƷʦΪֻͻƵƷʦΪɢڵѪ
΢΢һ£˼򵥣ǻİ취ǰܹͻƵƷʦڣ޷ͻƳɹĻôԼⲻһ
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˵ʵûжٰգһᾡΪ
ҲǵػشͻƷʦԼﶼûףܹŵˣǰֻ㳢ԡ
ԿǰԸԸ⣬ϾҲһᡣ
̶ź촽ԼĸףĿеֻ֪һľȻİ취ʷǳСʧΪһе;
ף԰ɡ̶
һǳ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ̧ͷã㣬ʧˣϷҲ׬
ԣʱ˿ºӦϾּǿߣ֪ԼƵƣ͸⿴͸ҺõǣǴӦİ취
Ȼ˵ĻͿʼˡ˵ͷڴ֮ǰǰӦһ¡
˵ֻҪϷܹģһҲˬʵص
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𻺻صΪҪ޾򷵻ʥУҪһأصʥǷʥض֪ʲô飬ʥѡʱ䲻ˣþϻȥ
ʥ㹻֮ǿͨԿԽǧͻȥʥУĻܹϷʥصʥѡΡ
Ƿʥ򣬺üͷ˼Ƭ̺ҲǵͷãҿԴӦ㣬㲻֪޾ʥһ˺ܾõĲԼһʥеǿߣòڱ˴˵ֻ㵽ԵشϾǧԼ
ǰɷģֻҪһȥˣ꣬಻꣬ұȻٴط޾򡣡Ҳһŵ
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¸£СҪ㣬ʥһŲٺö
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ʱͣһ£Ҳǲ²˵ʮв棬һǧΪѰʥδֹο޾
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ף֪Ļ޾һطǧ㡣
Աߵĺ̶Ĭһ£Ȼ̧ͷڵ
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ŶȻ˵ĻϷԶǰˣʥЪϢ˵ͷ˵꣬һӰѾʧ˴֮С
𡭡Σлˡ̶ǳ¶һСŮ˵̬мĶ˵
һĺ̶ģ𿴵Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ЦҡҡͷҪлҡҲȸҸϢĵطɣ
Ϣĵط
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ߣ
Ľ̶ͣɫߺ죬޲ֱԶԶܿú߿ģ뵽Ϊ˰ԼôƴȫģҲǿѹе߷ߣֱһǶŴ֮ȥ
Ѿͷ
ЦҡҡͷһůҲǸ


705 λ
󣬺̶ʥԶһ֮ϣǷɿ뿪ǰģһ㣬Ҳ֪Σѵ
첻С⵺һŸ󣬶ң֮⣬ûˡ
ʱĹȥʥ·ɽЩչصıʥһĶǿߣҲ𽥵˹ڱʥһʱ䷢ıʣԼԻû۵壬ҲõǸе𾪺һĺ¡
ΪԵʣʥһ嶼ƿء
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˱ʥһΣȴǰʥԵСϢţżʱĹȥ״̬Ҳǻָˡ
ָ״̬֮󣬷ʥһЩǿ߶֪飬ǺһЩƽΪֻĴڣʱһмڵĵǰݷá
ϾⳡΣڱʥһжӵ˲
Ҳ𲻵òڵȴǰٴѡ˱չˣõСָ
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ι𣬱װˣҪĲˡ̶վڵСϣֱǶǼŸе
̶Ҳһ㬵ĴŸ˳һ߳Ŀһۡ
ߣ֪жҪЩǰһк㵹ãΪһʱ徲Ȼװչ̶ܾС죬ֱӴ
ٺ٣ֲҪǵĸлֻΪ˰㣬˳ְǽԻû۶ѡͷЦ˵
ƽĻ̶ҲһĨжߺ׷ǹʣȴΣյʱôİԼ
ŵҪĶ
̶ֽһָ׸Լתȥ±𿴵Լһ档ʵһ뵽ڰ︸󣬾Ҫ뿪飬о޵Ĳᡣ
ʱʲôˣȥʥУȻȽϵԣǻǸڱʥһҪںûлָǰǰ
ˣƣ˵һʱ̶ԥһᣬС˵
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̶߶߶Ļﻹδ˵꣬ǱֱӴˡ
㡭̶һɣȻֱתȥ
ιȵңȥˣ̶Сһ壬ȭһ裬Ҳֻһȥ

ڽ״̬۷֮εĿһԷ߷߲ƽ߶߶ĺ̶һۡ
ߣʲôСס㣬ø㻤˵ôлҰɣţ統ūˣȻ㲻࣬ʵ㲻ķϣСҲǿˡ
̶һۣΪ˷йԼĲһ㣬߶߶š
ֱҪץĸо̲סŶͷԼôˣʧıӰװİɣֱǸСħ
һԺ˦ȥǴӽָȡζҩݣĻݺɫ
ܡ
ζҩģûаֱһɫĻǰڶ
ŻɫڣŸе¶ȶʱ˲٣ʼˣ̶Ҳ߶С찲վڲԶš
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ĻڻɫĻвûֱӻΪҽ𽥵Ŀήţһεα̵ˮ͸ű滬£ڻɫ·ϵķš
ŻɫĲϺ濾ɫˮ𽥵͸Ļݱı֮ɫҲǼٵˣӺ̵ĻѾ׵ĻΪ˻Ұ֮ɫʱĻ̺ľѾɫĻ˳
һӣǿή˵ĻݱǴӻӳΪһ̲ҽɢڵϡ
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һֱʱʱѾʮζҩģˣǿľǸоЩԲˡ
ϾÿһζҩʱҪ¶ȶͬһЩҩģĹУñúüε¶ȡ
ԵʮƿΪƣԴֱȡһ꺫Ϊ׼Ļָҩֱһ¡
һֱ˽Ĺ򣬲ǳ׵ɡϢһֱǽƿҩĵľͶ˻֮С
ɫҲǱޱڣѾǵһؼĵزںϣ
ںһֻ֣ҪвеҩĶһңʮζҩģҲһҪͬʱƿʮҩĵĲͬںϡ
ˡ
Ŀ£ʮֲͬҩľڲϵںţʱģһЩҩļ仹ų֮ĳ֣ҵǣԾĿƱѰƷʦҪԶԶĸ߳١
ˣʮҩĵľںһҲǺķʱʱ䣬ǻƷʦ;ʧˡ
ڣоƣ֮ʱһöɫĵҩڻɫĻл͡
𡭡
̶֮ǵ֮ɫźˮ𣬿̲סǵ
ס¥ĿĶŻɫ֮𽥳͵ĵҩͻȻȵ
Ļ̶ûԵĶ죬緢¥ס


706 

̶ĶȻ˫ֿ̻һµƣֱӴöεĵҩ֮ϣһȴз
ǵƵ룬ʱǻɫ涼еĳεҩҲǷҫ۵ɫâ
ɫĹâһһǵĶţֲһҲǴɢ
Ȼɫĵҩǵٶȼӿ죬󣬻Ϊ˼Сһ㡣⼫Сɫâӱޱȵ
䣡
⼫Сɫâʲôһ㣬ڳ֮ɫĹâ͵ͫзŴһըװһ貵ɫâ
ɳâ֣һˣûгʲô⣬ңңһգһɫâǱƿС
һöͨɫĵҩɢŨʥǿ߶ܹӳ꣬˵Ѱˡ
ϧˣҪƳĲ̫̣ʥ򼸺ѰҵõҲҡҡͷֵҩʥ֮ڣҲǼΪ֮ˡ
ܹĵҩʥ֮ڵһЩҲǲȶѰʦƲ
ңƣǳԺصĻСʥ򣬸ֵҩ
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ôˣ
𿴼̶̬Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Ϊҩʲô⡣
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С޸ǳСӶ㷼İˣ㻹װɵ
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֪֪СʥӰһǸ˽֣Ρ
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𣬳ҸоڵƵȷǺࡣ
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˵ˣĺܣǲڤһ嶼ʲôˣүǵıת˴죬ûп۵ġ
ʱҲǱԹЦãҲתһ룬˵ʥһı⵱Уʲôö
ȻĻǾͶл峤ˡҲǲƴǣûҵʲôöҲȨ۽ˡ

΢΢һЦֱӵشǰʥһı⡣
ʵʱ򣬲ٳ϶ǷԣΪڿɶǱʥһǧĵ̣һȥɶǼΪϡĶ˵Ǹˡ
ϸغһԾǼԼ˿Ǳȴʮ֣ͱƷʦһʦΪǹˣΪҪǣϻ
һǼΪˣһǼһ˵ϣɴ˿ɼպɾǲ͵ȥᣬŶԷãҲǸѵ⡣
֮£𾭹Ҳʥһ֮أط̶޷׵̤㣬ɼ֮ɭϡ
һ֮ǰȵط֣ڴ˵ؾȻ޵Ϣ޷ֻƾŹ˵ľоǿߵϢĸλɴ˿ɼⱦǿ߲١
ʥһǵ̲١
Ҳǰ̾ǰչһȺǿѾǷǳ͹ˣ仹ҪرЩƺǿ
ȥɣֻҪ㿴۵ģҶƴǰ䡣΢΢һЦ
˵ͷںʩչһµӡǴŻƿʱһӵϢӭԼظ޵ĹâȻ汦Ϣ
߽ȥʥһı⣬Ҳǳ׵رһ£Ķɲǲ٣ϰ˸ɢͬâ𻹿ĴڣһѳȥǿԴᣬһߵļϣҲǴҩ֮ࡣ


707 ʥ
˵޾ûʦʥһҲΪһЩҩĶռԣʥҲѰҵõ
ܵĶӶðâסǰϯա
ȻǶʥ
˷۵ֻǸΪȡ
úúã
˵ȵȴδЩ䱦֮ƿҲΪΣҲǿʼϸؿȥǷʺԼĶЩͲҪˣϵĻ̫ģҲǲôҪȥ
ܿ˱ľͷڷŲٶֻȥΪҡ
ƺҲûʲôö
Ϊյص˵ʥһ嵱еıȷϡ֮ɲ٣ʺԼȴûС
Ҫˡ
˴죬һƿƺװʲô΢΢죬ܹϵĶȥ
Ҫʧˡ
ҡҡͷҲûϸ׷ʣŵɨһۣ׼ֱӵ뿪תʱ۽ɨ˽䶸Ȼػһ΢ĹâȻͣ½Ų
âĳ֣΢΢һ㶣ҲתһѲӵзһ򿪵ϻӣͳһöξ壬ͨ͸ԼɢĹâⱦ⵱вۡ
ʲô
΢΢һ£֪Ϊڴξʱֱ۵ӡǾȻɢЩȣξƺй
ֲϡôûм
ԣʱҲüͷдʱȻǿ͸ⲻɵȼʶҲĴǡ
ⶫƺܺ
΢˫ѰҲˣȥȻһ㶫һЩܡ
Ȱϰɣº鶫֪ˡʼ
˵ͷٶɨһܣûʲôֵעĵطҲֱӵ뿪⡣
ô죿
ķأڱ֮ȴźҲ΢΢һ㶡
ʺҵĶͲˡǳЦҲͳξʵǰʲô
Ŀ΢΢һҲǽĿеⶫʱɫЩ仯һĻ׽ɵ΢΢һ㶣Ϊ׽˺һŵļɵ
⵽ʲôȻʥǿ߶Ҫ˼ɵ
𣬷Ȱһ䣬÷ⶫ⵱һ㶼ãһ
ҡҡͷЦСϸֻ鶫ܹŹ֣˴鷳
ǰֱԡ
ֵⶫɲ׵ķ֣ΪܹȻѰ֮
ⶫôҲǺԴҳΪ峤ⶫͳ˱֮ڣһиѵ룬Ǿǲ
˵ҲаڵĹż˽⵽ⶫƺܸ˴ĶˣʮλǿҪоеܣһ⡣
ԣʱסˣԼˮȻ֮˴ˣе㲻˼顣
Ҫ˼龧ʯƺܹ˵ˣӶǴˡҡҡͷȰⶫŻȥ
ô
΢΢һʱоеξʯƺ˸ŵĹâΪ죬Ҳѯ
ôͻȻؿʵ
һ£һǽˣҲ˵һֻ֣񾳽绹ԽӴһ档
ߣһǻ˼һӵǿˮ˹йأҾ㵹ǿ˵պܹ˵õһ
ҲǻصǴˣʵܼ򵥣ȾĶѰʥˣûˣֻǸԼ鷳ΪܲһйصĶ㲻һЩԣǶ⡣
ⷬʱҲаȻ˵ĻôȻǲܹ
㻹ǼҪɫ仯Ҳǲ²⵽ˡ
ţӦòηЩ̹ȻһЦνĴˣҲʲô
ˣιιһ̾ҲǲֹȰ⣬Ҳǵǽ׼ʥ򣿡
ǵģ⻹ͷǰһʥ򡣡
ԣʱɫҲ࣬ʱǲˣ㣬ʥصıƺҪʼˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷߵͯȻǿ˲Խǧ˻ʥǻʲô⡣
ȻĻǾ̰ɡ
˻֣ʱܵĿռһǿĿռ䲨˲۶ɣǰƬռ䶼ǻظһŤĹȦ
ںĴ֮£ֱӵûŤĹȦУζȻʧʥУڵ֮еĳһ¥˶ĺ̶ƺӦʵķ΢΢ʧ񣬾þùһ̾Ϣ
ǸоʧأƬ̵Ĺ򣬻ûعȴǷԼǴһƬ֮ϣӰʧӰ١
ֻ㵽ˣڴ֮ٶȽʥ
߻صźҲصһ޾ķ΢΢Ϲһ£֪ԼѾǿԽǧ޾򣬴ӶصʥС
ֻˣ
ɫ쳣˷ܣ̤ʥһκ֮УҲǲУҪľǣϻطʥصС
ʥأƺ·̣ܷˡ
Ҳһ£һ·ֱӵؼжȥٶȣϻطʥҪѲٵĹ
ڸ·Уʱ˿ڷʥصУΪ٣ҲǱΪ֣ˣʥصĵӶûзɾ衣
ʱĴʥǲϵʩѹʥأòķʥصӶǳ˲ٿͷ
£Ҳֻ
֪ǱɽУԪʥСʥӺҲǴн
Ԫʥš
ǳԴ뿪ʥ֮󣬾þδϢŮÿ춼һˣңǰп࣬ŮʣҲǲܸ𰸡
˵λ̣Ĳ֪ġ
ңˣƫƫóϵȨϾڷʥ֮ڣ˿ŵ˵ʥ֮¡
Ͼ츳õ޼ʥУǶΪԽʥĴڣ


708 ı
Ҳܣ˭ͬС뿪ʥȥôΣյĵطڶѾһʱˣͲܳȥ̽̽
Ҳŭ˫һֱڵİοֲ뿪ʥأ޷ȥѰ䡣
̰Ҷ˵ˣûúúõģĸ治֪ңɥҪȥϣ
֮£ңҲֻǰƸϣϾǳ־һû֮ϢҲǴдˡ
ҵʣҲҡһۣҲǿյضŵ
ӣˣҪˡ
ȻʱһֱûȴǴ˵ŮɫΪ֮һ𣬸ϲ֮ɫ
ۣϣµ棿
ңҲһͦվ¶ϲɫòͬǰȥǱɽʱеڣ֪նɱԪʥصСʥӺΪǣҵϳ֣ǿо𣬵Ҳʧȥټ
агȥ̽ʥͬ˼һ㣬һֱ˵û£ѱˡ
ţҸоϢ³ʥˡ
ҲǻصٶʧҲ¶ϲɫô˵ĻǺܿǿԿˣ
ˣˣλ̣֪ûˣϽȥɣǱ֮ˣǸʱӦܹϻģǾͱˡ
ңҲڳһʧȥʱ䣬ǳ˵Ĳĥ
һۣʱҲϲЦüȥˣȥıӰңҡҡͷֹС˹ʺˣλ֪
ʱԭȥȴٶͬӰسңıúһ
˵ϣ´ܱܲˡңعҲԹ
ʥ֮ڵı䣬¶˷ҪСġ
ϻصǻǵ˫ҲһĨâֻңʱϲŻʾһЩѰֶΡ
ǵõ˵ʲôϢ
ңɫҲ࣬϶³ȻĻϲֱ׵˵
ڻȷҪ÷
Ŀ⿴ʣĬĬصʥذÿ궼вͬ˽ôһֿˣҲ
ⷬȴң˳˼УԼⷬƺ˵ʲô⣬ͬҲǲ¶ۡ
ھʥصĲԶڼǰУӰϵӹգѾ·죬ۿڵĻӦþܹϻصʥصУ뵽Ҳǲɵ΢΢һĨů⣬²ʱҲӦó˰ɡ
ʱ𾭹һƬ֮ʣҪͣ٣˵Ѿ˷ʥصķΧ֮ڣҲǲżӦÿɫڰ֮ǰϻء
ݣ
͵̧ͷϢԲԶӹҲɣ̧ͷһɫԣʱʥصĵӲӦٳŶԣôͻȻųȺӵĵӳ֡
΢΢ҲסԼϢζ˴ֵУȻ֮ԼĪӰȻس׵УӰʱ΢΢ɫ¡
Ӱͷңһɫ۷ȥΪŹ֣ǵķȻǷʥء
֣⼸˭
΢΢üҲǺɣɲǷʥصĵΪǷʥصĵ̣˭
ڴʱǼǰеӰΪһˣȻͣǶ֮µͷ­΢΢̧¶һòڣиǲ죬Ϊ˸ûмԷϢ޲ѣƺ꾳
ⲻǷʥصĵӣ
ۣǽࡣ
⣬ôˣ
ʱһ˻ص
ûͻȻָоƺڿǡǱƺˣɨһܣȻûв㲻׵ļ
⣬ˣʱʥô˳ˣʮͤ˽Ӧǡ
ҲǹһЦƺǾˡ
ϣҶ˰ɡ
૵صҲǿһɫһٶǼ˸ʧƬ֣Ȼ⶯һ˲䣬ɫ۷΢΢¶һϤĻռǣ
Ԫʥأ
׽Щ˾ȻԪʥصˣôǳڴ˵أ
һ˵ȥӰɫҪվȴǶȻеͺȵ𶯣
ԣסǸҪĽŲٶͣɼžޱȣȻƬ̺ƿȻظ֣Ȼ۷أ⼸ˣ𾪳һ亹ͱƵˡ
⣬ȷǶˣʱˡ
һ˵Ǵ˲Ȼٶ˷ǲٵĹ
ţ߰ɡ
⿴һĻҲ΢΢̾ȻԼˣһٶȥǵƬ̣ȷ·Դֵ
⼸һȻԪʥصˡ
૵صƺҪһЩ£Ԫʥصĵ͵͵͵سڷʥصܣʲôͼı
Ǽ˵ΪǲҲ١
΢΢һǲݺˣǸԣԪʥҲСʥӼĴڡ
ߣȥʮͤҪʲô
ҲǸһĨЦҪʥص⣬ԪʥΪͼıĳȻĿǰʥ֮ڣΨһֵʥش󶯸ɸľֻһˡ䣡
⼸ǳȥģ𲻹˵ʲôӲܡ
ʮͤǷʥɽŵıؾ֮ƽʱĹأɫʮͤӦòκ˾Ҳһͷĺõط
Ϊ˼ɵǰвǿߣһԼϢ¶ͻݾߣٶҲǲҼӿ죬ֻƾԼľԶԶβһˡ
Ĺ˾ʮͤԼĪ֮һʯͣٶ£ΧѾǼˣǰһƬտûĲ֮ҿ̫ԷҲײ
ʱھʯ֮ʮ֮ͤУһ˴ʱʮͤУÿһ˶ɫעܣʲô֡
Ƭ̺һƿ΢΢̧ͷһӰԷʥصɽŵϴΪأһۣҲǱһɴţɼֻһ˫ӣƾЩ޷϶Էʲôݡ
㵵ǣԷȻǷʥ֮ڵĵӣܹʱˣʥŲݡ
⵽˭
ⲻֱ̫һͻȻֵӰ±˲Ҳ΢΢ر˫ʼȻҪԷ̸ʲôһԪʥصﵽΪ¡


709 
ˡ
⿴ˣҲ΢΢س
ʲô¿˵Ҳ̫ܳãЩϼһĲɾͲ
һѹ͵ɤ΢΢ʧǣԭҪƾж϶Է˭ȻԼ͹˶ԷֶΣΪ˲ϳֽš
ô죬ɾǷʥصʥˣ˭㣿
һЦǵӰüͷִ̧һ飬׵ؽУʱǾǿᣬҲԳ׵ʲô
üͷȴʱЩϢ¶ԷȻǵһʱ
ʥӣ
Щɻû뵽ô͵˷ʥʥͷεˣңҲ˵ǸӷʥгˣǷʥһ̳
˾˭
ǵΣ𲻽˫۶ȫںеӰȥ

ڿ¶˫̲ס˫ͫ΢΢һа̾һȻһͻ˫ߣȻһ
ã
ৣ
ûаԥֱһͬһһ㣬ŷʥȥСʥӵƣɵĽʥأȥǻˡ
˭
θնһŭȱ쳹һٵƷ֮ҲǼǺֱӻΪһڹ׷ȥ
ߣ
ʮͤɫҲЩ仯һǶȥȻҲ͵֮ˣǿɲ˵óȻʥȥ
ȻСʥӣ
ź׷ĺӰɫЩѿܹȥǿɳʥصĻ󷨵ˣֻСʥӺ֮ˡ
û뵽һڷʥӵλˣȻԪʥعһ𣬶ңп»һСı
ߣ׷ң
һ˸䣬ʱٶٶȿһֱںǵڹ⾪㵵ĿѸٵʧ
ļһ
˸䣬ߵӰʧ֮󣬺˵Ҳͣҧгݵ֮дһǿϢűŭŷ
ݣ
ݣ
ϢɢʱʱԶһӰ߼Ӷ
ģ
ܵǿϢ˰һֱǽϵĺɫȡ¶һΪӡ
Ƿʥз
һĵӰ˵Ͽա
λʹߣղſɼһ۵ꣿ˲ûҪ뿪˼Ƕʹ߷˹ȥ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
֮µӣʹɫһ䣬ǹ
һСǱǷʥأ׷ˣȴʹط룬ǿ
˵˵ͷǵʥһĵһˡʥӰھĸУ
û˸ǱǷʥأ
еʻʹɫһ䣬һóѶ飬˵µϣ
ʦܣˣղСҽ֣ѾشλûмҲûܳԶλʦûѰһ¸СͲ⸽Ͳ泤ˡ
泤ϣɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿ˵
Ѱ󷨣ʹһۣɫЩԥ
İɣǵѰ󷨶ҳСʩչѰʱһΪǻС͵Ϯǵģʥ֮Уȫõġз֪˺ǵĵǣؿ˵
еĻʹߵ˵ͷʩչѰ󷨵ʱȫþһʱǵĴʵǺΣյġΪҵŵˣеʥᱲĵһ˸бȫͲõˡ
ãʦֻˣ
һֱۣ˫һ󷨣һǿľǴɢ·̽ȥ
Ǻǡ
ʹ߿ʼˣһ˿⡭

˦˺һ˼ŶԷݣһٶȻص˻Ԫʥ֮С
Сӿǻˣ
һ߽һϤ쳹ңӰǳ˴֮С

ңɫҲǴһĨЦ⣬˹֣
ĳķ֮СӸȡ˰ɡ
ңĵ˵ͷЦʥӰʮݣ𡭡𡭡
֪ʥ֮ˣ֪СӣָεĳԾڴңЦ˵
֮ѡ
ʱǺ˵һߣǫĵ˵ͷܹʥӰǰʮҲ֮С
Ļʱʥͷ֮ˣǻˣɻϲˡң˫ɨ𣬷ֺ߻ʦڵľʱɵüͷЩǵ˵ʵҪʥӣеѶȰ
𣿡
ЦЦ˵ȥչˣʦɣҶԲͻơ

ңһ㶣ͻȻ뵽СͻƵʦڲŶðһҪչأʥͷεˣѵСҪһʱУͻƵʦɣⲻܰ
ʵʵȻͻƵʦûãھǱɽеսϴľѾʦڶˡ
ȻȻʦڶ壬ҪͻƵʦɣŲСһ룬ҪͻҲʲô򵥵顣ϾϣͣʦʮδͻƵʦɵˣȱȽǣʲôϡ顣ΪʥͷεᣬҲôðյͻơ
Сӣôͻƣ᲻̫ǿһ㣿
ңüͷЩǵʵͻƣѰѰ·ͻƶãпʼȥͻơ
𲢷Ѱ˵ȣǱɽĻĳУôˣҪͻƣȴǸʱ
İɣ
Цŵ˵ͷǶԱߵĴȥ˼һ٣ʵҲڵʱ䣬ʥп֪
ʥе˶Ϊڱչͻƣչһʱ䣬ǺġСˡͷ۰ֱСħҡ
ᵽӣңϸһĨļ£ȻʱУŮ׷ʵˡ
ţǾͺáˣʱҪһϢյʥͷᣬһȥ˵ͷ˵
Сӣһϲɡ˺ˣ㣬Ҳûչң˻֣˵


710 ȫͻ
ңмЦЦǶԱߵĴȥ
ⷬҲԭģǸˣڷʥеĵλͣԼ϶ʥеĸСʥӻˣǱ߲ˣҪıչؾͲˡ
ڽԱߵĴֱǲһ磬Լͻʱ̫Ķϥڴ֮С
ͻƣҪܶ鰡ипһҵǧػеᾧʣһûл
ৣ
һʮųɫĽᾧǰһɹȵЩɫĽᾧмҪӿ
Ҫ˲ա
üͷЩᾧڴ˵ž޴棬ҪЩᾧľͱҪе֮ա
ܣ
ϾҪʥӵͷˣҲûԥһɫĻڶܵǰȼţĿռ䣬Ϊɫĸ¶ЩŤ
ݣ
һӣЩĽᾧͬһһ㣬ǻɫĻ֮С
أ
ЩĽᾧһɫĻУʱֻһſŻĽᾧȻֱѿһзɿ˳ôĳֺ󣬻ɫĻʱٶȱǣе¶Ҳ֮ߡ
ܡ
Ŀ£ɫĻ治סţƽʱЧĻɫ棬ЩʱȴԵЩˡ
ȥҪôٵҪʱ䡭üͷҪıʱ䡣
ֱӰЩвˣ㲻еЩ԰ٴ塣Щ֮ʱЦ
Ļ̲סһ飬뵽ǱɽУֽᾧʱʹĸо
ģƴˣһҧת䣬һڴ
ˡ
֮£ЩѸٵĴӻɫ˳һ㣬˳΢΢ſͣڡ
ˡ
Щڵ˲䣬͵ľҵĲһƤҲ˲ó죬һưɫͷڶ
ȻԤϻˣ̲סҵĲţЩзţ֮ͬҽһ㣬ִʹ֮Уõľǳ鴤
ִʹ֮£ľȴһޱȼʵĸоһӵһ㣬̰ʶ
ǿʹסתŷϵЩֻһʱˣȻûǸ˽֣߸һּΣյĸоҪͻһ
ˡ
ͷ֮ϣϵŰɫڶƤҲǿʼԽԽ͹̣ˮϵĴðЩҺһƤ֮бɡ
ʵӣʹ֮£ҲǱЩŤǧػе־ûô򵥵ܹա
еһ仹ڿٵ˼ţĹƣٶȣҪ׵յЩҪһʱ䡣ʱ䣬ȻȫҪǻǳĳܷΧһʱ䣬ʥͷε鶼ˡ
Ҫʱ̣
Ҫʱ䣬Ȼʲô򵥵飬ǱɽУЩֻ壬Բû̫ʱ䡭ڣȻŷİٶѾܿˣ⻹ԶԶ
ǧػصӦҲһкܳģ֪ûа
԰ɣ
΢ǹϵһҧݣûԥһһĲǴڴ
ˡ
ֲӶдЩʱǱ˳˲٣û֮ǰǰˣִʹ֮УҲǼ˲١
Ȼ
ĳ֣˳˲٣ٶҲ˲٣ܵڵֱ仯͸صһ
ֻҪЩͻƵʦɣҲǴֿɼˣ
İ£ЩҲǱÿ࣬ˣҲǻʱŽڵЩȫ
û顭ͻƵʦɣѾֻһˣ
оеö𵤣Ѿʦڵ۷ˣʦɣҲֻһ֮ң
ͻưɣ
ûаԥ֮ɫּʮƷʯǰֱһıѿʱһ񾫴ǳǰ
ʥ֮ʱҪòƴ࣬ϾǶʱΪ˻ȡϵʱûнס
ʱЩƷʯ֧֣Ĵ˴ͻƣ㹻˵ġ
ৣ
˫ֽӡתЩǺХĶΪнڡ
ˡ
Щ룬ڵĽ𵤲ϵ飬ע¶Щ΢һĻͷҪ߲Σ
ʱ䣬ҵ»ţҲȫĳ֮С
ڲ֪˶ã͵˫һĨâͬʵһڵϢڳƬ֮Ҳͬɽһ˲ӿ֡
ʦɣ
һվ֫ڵĹҲǴϸ΢졣
ͻƵʦ֮Ƕڽʥ֮սǾģʱܹȻ鵤ٵĴܹһս
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ڹȥɱĻǽƼпܻᲨңʱҪѹΪͻҲˡ
üͷзɿ˼ףڳ˰ԥǳ׵
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еӳǵͬһµ磬ûһ˿ľ⣬鷭ӿ䣬ڵѾ
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վʯƽ̨֮ϣͷϷĶԿ֪ԼļӡԼֲ˶ãţϳɫۼ˸ɺѪ⣬Ե쳣ʵ
ৣ
ʱͫ׶ȻһһӰԶӶ˲ǳǰ
УҪ
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ʥҲһ˿ŭ֮ɫΣ֮£Ǹ߸ϵҲΥ⣬óȻ֣پԻһ޷Ŀֲزʱʥض֮Ϊƽأٵ𣬸ǾԻǣ궼


719 ˮ
УҵĵӣҲ̫ˣųеʥһл˵
Ȼ֪к𵽵ʲôޣȻøзҪأǣʲôԭǸʱ涯ˣʱҲ׵ĹС
ʱۼĵҲǲʯƽ̨еıʣٵӶǾҪ֪ʥͷ֮УҲڱ֮ͻ٣ʥУŸĵĹأ֮£һɳû֣򣬽ϳͲ
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ϾپӡĵֵһΪѾˣ͸еʵһҲǶôѡ
дʱɫȴǲÿ鵤Ѿ֮ˣʱͿͻƵ߾ͻƵ߾ʱ򣬴ԽΪͻ֮ʵԽǿԣһֱѹԼΪٵ
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ڰ֮ʮĽƷšһֲֿѹ֮õռ·һ㡣
Ϊһ٣ҲΪ˸еԵʣƣĵڶƣֲʮ
ھ޷֮ϣ˵ɫǱڸ߲£ڶҲǽλһõĽ֮С
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ʥԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾ȻôȻҲ֪֮£Ҷ޷֣һУǵ컯ˡ
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ʥһ۰֮ϵĽ̾ǽ֮УǸܵһΪɵǿֲĶֻ֪ҪЩǿһ֣ǽ֮еĶԻǳԲ˶ߡ
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ŭҲǲаֳɣڵ鶸Ȼתһһϵƶ֡
ף
һ٣˿Ҵ⣬ҲǷ˼׷ɱͷʩչ似һٿɲǿЦġ
ʱҲ΢΢̧ͷŰյнƣǵȿֲϢ֪ѾǳܹܵķΧһԵеĴڣļٱøΪֲ£ûʮİȥһε١
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һ׶ȻؽǸУ˾Լһε٣ҲҪˮһ»ҪȾָ䣬Բ¡
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һ춸Ȼ԰յеƵдһ˲ԭ谵ɫȴͬ磬۵âӳÿ˵׵У˵ĿֲϢϵʥأ
һΣ˶ǱǳѰ٣ҲһһЧʥصĵӶǱԶԶģһĻÿ˵ﶼޱȡ
ȱըģԶԶسǵ⵽ҪǿΪܹ˾˵١


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ԴӴ۵â֮󣬶Ȼ֮ڵĵط龰Ȼ޷۲죬Ȼʥֻģز˵Ϣ
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ӶıըȻشʥض˺յеĺɫƣЩڽ룬һǰδеľ޴âֱӵغ
˫ŭɣҲ͵̧ͷһڵҲԼƺвתֱܵ۴ݶȣҲ΢΢̧ͷӳĻһƴ֮
޴â˲Ĺ򣬱ǳ׵أʯֱӵػĩƯڰ֮УѾֱӵؿʼֵѪۣһ̹ǵʹ˲ʴȫһٵȻֲ˹
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һĻϲ⣬ĻƺԼŰնɹһεˣ
ĳ֣ϣҲǽ˫ϵش߶ڵܿγһѭ粻µâݲڵǲϵЩâӶ޸
̿νһĥһ£ǸոȬһ̾Ҫٴα˺ѣȻȬѭɭɫĹͷ¶ʹ֪ˡ
ĬĬسʹ࣬һֱڼţٴƻԽٻңҲȫƾһ֧š
һ̺ƺʮֲֿȥƬ̣ûͣļڸǱߣʧȥ˶Ҳ֪ΣеԳȥˡ
岻ϵرѭƻǿʼûĳ֣õ΢΢һȥĻԼͻǳ׵رԼɽʧܣһĨٻɢ֮䡣
УҪ֣ˣ˭չ㣿
ǻ֮䣬ԺӹЦݣ͵ػعǿѹԼ⣬˿˿Ѫȴ͸¶һĨʹǿҲ޷а㶯ҡ
֮£ҲǷԼϲı仯ٶȷ˱仯ٵĲϴ֪֮ܵƺࡣ
ѵضһָͷһǿʹ˫ֻغʮǿһӡ
˲䣬ܵʼϯ˹ڿδɢ֮ЩɶΪ񱩵һˣԣһɶõ컯
۶֮ϣһɫĹâǻγɣϵԱ֮вµ٣ƺ˱ļ
ڴˣȫȻˣһҵ״̬Уʶزյ֮ǿʱĹȥҲģزƺԼвûǿˡ
˿ڵ貵âţ޷壬ʥҲֻܹƾģĸӦж˵״̬
ףϢƺƽ
һλҲΪϲصϢʱȻ𽥵رƽεƺûа취ˣֻҪĻʱͻƽٶ
ţ⵹еҵϣеϢ
ʥ˵ͷҲ¶µɫеϢƺüΪ˥ɲһϢ
Ҫ֪Ϊһε٣еΪҪǿͬҲǱôٵĴ󲿷Ǽ˸еϡ
ܹȥĻܹسɾߣǰȥΪˣֱӵٵлٻң
ߵٽ˲СĻ֮ʣһңҲ˼ֵ⡣
ƵĽƣĿ䣡
ңٶȲɵüӿ죬ɫ΢лʹ߲飬ǲɵ΢΢սȭͷһͬԣҪˣѡʱǾ֤ԷڷʥؽӦ
ʥضԣɲһϢԷĿ껹䣬ǷʥصδԲܹаʧ
ӰӹңͣһԺ棬üͷԼµĽƱƻҲǲΪǿϢ
֪˭ǵְЩ쵰ˣ
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ģôͻȻ֣
һŭңĳ֣ȫǴǵļƻв˵ֻҪʥսʼﲻκ˱ͻȻɱһˣҿӻһʥصĳϣ

ڰΧе˿ңĳ֣ʱһ
ǵ˭ģʥĸһ𣿡
ңɫ׺Ϣ𽥵ΪзŭԵʣһңϢΡ
۷壡
ڴˣҪԾһΪҲǲңʵȻҲ۷壡
Ԫʥһֱû䣬ңֲǿƣңͨ߶ѡ
ʥأʥλ֮⣬֪Ϊ
鷳ˣȻһλϣ
һȺȻǵʮͤһˣ¿ң¶Ϣһ˵ɫ£ǾǿҲȻ޷һ߿⣡
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ܣʹû
ңصƣֻܵĿռǻسֳһŤҪ׷Ƭռ䣬ǰܵĻᡣ
ߣ
֣߳һȺҲԲߣ͵ش߶ڵ飬ֿң飬ʱŭһתһɫ飬͵ضŵ棬˱ȥ
һ̣ң΢΢ʩչ飬һϤĸоһʱ֮ȴǲҲûЩҪֱӵ⣬Щ˵ĶԻȻһҪ


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͵ػͷ¶ɫһˣҲǺԼԲԷȻĻǸԪʥشܴ鷳
ǼԾɣԲ͸¶ܣȻǵļ³Ҳõȥ
תвԼͬеˣһҲǴӻͳһֱӵ飬ȻӲͻңĿռ˻һ⣬Ѹٵʧ֮ڡ
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ңŭ⵹ǳԼϣԷȻرߵĿռҪ׷ȥһϵӰȻϢسң߻صˣȥ׷ˡ
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ϳ֣ңҲ侲ɵصһûѣҲ£ΪͬҲڹע
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һ˷صȥҲʹѾûаֵˣҲܱ¶ܣȻǵļҲܵҡ
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ߣ⼸ùǵСҲҪٴͻˡ
ңһЦԭе㵣ģ˵ҲǷеʯͷٶȱ
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ʱŸ˵ıԳصУǵȺµâȻȥյеĽҲ𽥵ɢ¶ʵգʥص˲û˸ֱӿˡ
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ʱ˸ΪעǣŸдʱˣ˶һаȥĻôͻǳɾߣҲ˴ϡ
Ļһε٣ǽʦٵУȸиΪ£Ϊڴɾʹ٣ⳬ˵ϣʵԽܡ
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ʦ֣
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һʱ֮䣬ҲǷ׷ײ²⣬Ȼܹٵ֮´Ƿͻ˾磿
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Ҳ΢΢̾Ϣģûа٣һЩֶηٵл
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ҲˣѾ㹻ˣٴ٣ټϸеһ٣˵ȥܻҲһʺС顣
ʥĬĬزȴһƬϧʥպϣɾϣȴΪ˵Ľ֣װ䣬֪ԲӦսС
ǸҡҡλεڵӣʯѣҲ¶˲Цݣվֻ
ȻԼҲǴʧһͻƾʱһˣǲôֻҪһԼϵܾܹסҷʥҲܹԼһСʥ֮λˣ
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𾪵ǣһ̵ʯȻѿһӰѸٵسһϢ
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в㱻ųôҲ޷ǰԼģһε٣Լûа취ȥɹȥӦٻңôܳɹذȥ
øеץ񣬸޷ԼһС
Ҫȣµɡ
һЦ΢΢һȭͷ֨ĹͷϣѾǳΪٵǿߣʦɵԣڵΪǿ֡
ȫʢʱڣԼҪսʤİջǲ㣬һΪ˰٣ȻҲǸصĴۣɲԼĶ֡
㲻ɱңʥŹ㣡
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ʧˣһʱ䣬гߵĻᣬ֮£Ȼǲܼ֣κһǶڷʥضԣɶǼʧ


722 նɱ
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ʥҲæЩΪλҪɱ⣬Ҫľٶ
ǸмҲǶһɫ¶˽ٺɫͬһʱҲǿʼ߻ӦĽҷö˵϶ҪҷԼģûֱ֤ݣԼֻҪϣҲǿԵġ
ô˵ԼҲʥ״ӣ೤Ҳƫ̻Լһ㣬еǲôġ
ס֣
һ̧ͷһɢ٣Ȼºݺݵһ̤ͬʸһ㣬ɿ
ˣʥҲΥ
ĶʱеɫüѿٶȺЩ磬ʱڵ״̬ûа취ͺȡ
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һʱУ˸еǰŸУ˵еɱ¶ţõøеƤһ䡣
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ףⲻԪʥصĹ𣿸ôԪʥصĴйģĻ̨ϵһüͷһ壬૵
ʥʱɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ڸղǵâȻİǿԪʥСʥӼŲſԻõĹ
ΪͿԵס𣿡
ǵâҲһȭǱ飬һ̤ȭͷٴǵâ͸вǬʱ֮µİâһޣԺڵ״̬
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ʱ޷ϵеɫ쳣ķŭһʱ䣬޷֮ѻȸΨиз˻ڻصš
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ʥ˵ǵͳУκ˶еķŭ֮⡣
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ԣ̧ͷ˫Ŀŷʥ̲סЦ
ʱ㣬ӦѾǵˣֻҪǵϣԼ;Բ֮ΣϾǷʥҲʥصδе
޷֮ϣΨиǲЦϵĻصţ죬Żֹס˴Ц
Ϊʥ֮һķʥأжƣΪΣΪԪʥӦңֻҪҰ佻ҾͿȥԪʥزǵĴʯдŴڣҲʲôˡ
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ʥԷȥͽӦǧУ
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ߵĻǷʥصһͿأңΪԺʥŮܻ𣿡
ڸеĻº󣬶ʱ̨֮ϵĳ̲סǵĹ۵Ȼͬ
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ȻûзŹе˼ŭһһɫȻڶѸٵĽеθס

ŻڣеĲҺ֮쳹𣬵ǣĲҺûһ˸еͬ飬еģֻʹ죬ڶĵӶǷ߷ߵĶڻɫӰ
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ڻɫ֮УеԽԽӰȻأһӵĹ򣬻ɫ֮ѾûӰĴˡ
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Ҫ֪ȻеǿȲרɽǣҲԶһʦɵҪǿڵػ֮УеҲô챻մû뵽ǹĻɫ֮УǶ̶̵һʱ䣬бǱٳ˻ҽ


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̲סһ飬૵˵ôʥϿɣҲ֪˵ʥԼʶġ


724 ʥ
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֪ҪĴУҪõʥŵĴУΪĽǬʥźͻԪʥŵĴУҪʥŵĴУһںϣôԼܹǵõʥصС
ãտʼһʥŵĴʯ
ʥҲǺܴصȻµʱ䲻ܹ࣬һţһʵ
˵ͷҲҪˣȻȥ仹ȥңһĻҲǴЦſ粽ȥ
ڶգӷʥشһ𺳵Ϣõʥ֮˵ĴССĴʥҲͬһʱ𾪣ʥسһʥϿɵʥӣ
ңºȺ۷ʥ֤زųֵʥӣҲһʱ֮Ϊʥ۶
˲ͬǣԪʥ֮ڣһ۵ǿ߽һÿ˵ɫǼΪѿǵ£ǸǴӷʥطص⡣
ڵõһЩط鱨¸߸ϵԪʥʥʱɫҲÿȥ
μƻô¶ģпһѽӽʮʱʥصһöӣ
ʥеŭƻ޷죬ֻҪѡʥӵʱ򣬾ܹ֪ؽǴ壬ʱ򲻵˷ʥصϣܹѴԼʥصУȫ
Ǿƫƫ⣬Ȼʧˣֻһ˷أҪǣʥ֮ڴϢµʥӳˣǸУ
ʥҲ֪Ÿл֮ƺ˷֣˵ᴦõģ˭֪һЦҲΣǶܹʥŮˣȻȴǹһ
ηʥصʥӣ˵ǵõʥϿɣ
ʥĺʵϢѻѣΪδݳϢ½ʥӣõʥϿɣôܣʥصĻԪʥŶ˴У޷˿ԵõʥϿɡ
Ϊʥ֮ķʥǿʲôزһжΪԪʥŵĴУ
һ¼ûԪʥŵĴж֮󣬷ʥشӴ𽥵䣬ʥҲԷʥΪףֲԪʥأʥȴٳļΰġ
ǵģºǰȥʥزμʥӼʽԱһص
ʥԣʱ˿˼УҪδʥٶ⣬Ϊˡ
ҲҪݾߣǴҲȱˣʱǲֹһ˵ġ
˼Ƭ֮ԪʥصʥҲص²һ㣬ʱ˿ʥҲͬڴ˴ηʥͻȻʥӸеΪز
ʥǳһַĸо⵱ǿʼʥŵĴУµʱ䲻࣬Ҫʱ澡ܵĳԼ
٣ʱ䲻ٽ٣ǣʥŵĴжںϵ޷ȫзֻдԼʥŵĴи͸Żʸȥķ
Ǹʱ𷽻Ǽʶķ񲻹ǿƤëѡ
棬Ҳǵõ˺ܴջǲʥŵĴУƿصʥŵĴУ˵Ͽ죬Ҳ㹻ˣ֪ϢʥҲοıԽǽܳԽܹܹ÷ʥصδϣ
µʱת۶ţʥΪ׼һεʥӼҲǻ㹻֮Ĺ¶ֲѣһβǼʥӣҪʥŮĴڡ
һĴʥ鷳֮󣬷ʥصһֻһζԶĴʥΪ𺳡
ҲһͱңţڻԪʥȻֻһӣҲΪΪʥӣʥҲ˲ֹǰҲǰڷһ۷ɫ۷ϵǳɫĻ棬ȥΪ
Сӣ۷ңҲص۷أҲܹˡ
ǷʥصʥӷΣÿһֻһᴩ۷۷ӵһ֮֮ϡ


727 ӭ
ǰ۷Ҳ΢΢һЦʱˣյǺúõʥؼʶһʥ½ʥӵķɡ
Сһ㣬ǼʥԪʥصļһǲ׵ؿʥӡңҲ΢΢̾Щĵĵ
֪ԪʥصǵһʥˣҲҪġ
¶һĨŵصڵȻûаսʤʥӰϵĵһʥӣǶԷҪΪԼҲǲס
ţңҲǵ˵ͷֻҪ˽죬ʥؾͲʥ֮β֪ʥص
յķʥΪ֣ȴĴʥ֮⣬ССǱʥһɳЦӭķͣΪ֪һηʥسʥ֮£Ĳĸ̬ȶΪǫ飬ȻûշʥͳΡ
ҲǶڽʥĸֻʲôı仯ƣĴʥؾԲӲܣϴζΪһֳ֣Բ׵ذֲܡ
ЩѰԣһЩӹʥ֮£Ǽڼʥ֮棬Ըһı䣬ӰҲǷǳ֮
ܿǳ˵ߵУʥվһϴʥӷΣʸΪس˶ǼΪİԷ׷ǲ²⣬𵽵кͨ󣬾ȻܹǵõĴУɲѰܹ顣
ʥص
ȻʱɽŶȻشһߺȣһȺɫ۷˻س˵֮ڡ
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ʥغͺʥصĴ֮ˣȻǺйһ֮ԵɽӡƽҰ籡
ȥӭǡʥǹһĨЦ⿴ʥصʥӣ˵
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޼ʥĹĹУҾͿֲǷˣû뵽Ȼô̵ʱУΪһ˷ʥʥӵͷΡ
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֣֣ʧԶӭ¡һĨЦߵȱʥغԪʥ֮ǰȭ
ţҲİʥӰҲȱʥϣʥͷ֮ˣԪʥΪйؿǸĴڣȻԪʥеõʥͷߺ֮ˣǣʵ࣬ȻʥӰǿߣ
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νֲЦˣһۣһ˿ɫߵ˵ͷҲûд𣬷Լһ㣬Լ˽ȥֱǰϯλ¡
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ʥҲ΢΢𣬲Ԥ֮ˣȻҲûбֳ
ʥʥŮ޼ʥĴУֳһʥӣⶨȻĴʥزԸģȻ֪ʥغͺʥ룬Ԫʥغȱʥص̬ȣ֪
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ҲǶЦЦȻڱ̬ɽӵĻ˼׵ģ˵ԼʥӺͺʥأǺһһġ
Ҳ֪Ȼ֪ǷʥغԪʥءȱʥ˺Ƥǻ᲻侮ʯ֪ǿ϶ǳʥسԱ
ŵĵ˶Ĵ֮УѾΪˡڴǰĸ̨֮ϣʮʥصĳ̨ȥʥҲǴӸ֮ϻվ
ŷʥĴ֮УҲǻİһĿžη֮ɫʥе¸صĴڣʥ
֮аʥҲ˫Ŀɨӹȫͳ쳹𣺡λǷʥأ֤ʥӵļᣬлλˡ
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ϲʥأֳһţ

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˵ʥӰûϣ˵Ǹսʥ򲻾õ˶ѣʥʸ񵣵ʥصʥ𣿡
Ȼһܲʵڴ֮𣬶ʱԭĹά֮ȻһĿⶼǶԴ֮˹ȥ


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˵ڽʥغ󣬱ֱӱΪСʥӣѵʲôè岻ɣǷʥ˽𣿡
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ʥڣҲǶ̶̲ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ʦ˵ͻһͺܲˣһЩ֮ˣ䣬ΪõһЩԵܹͻһ硣
Ҳѹ𾪣ʱУʦڣ٣ʥ֮У㲻ܳΪߣҲǰ޹ˣ
У˶ûмԪʥصźݺݵĵǸһۣɫԵøΪ˼֡
Ǻǣ֣αһܹɹʥӼȡǰʲô塣ܵЩ궯飬Ŀ˿Щŭһۣ˵
ȴǰҡҡͷѹ޷ȡؿȣɶһˡ
䣬²ΣҪСӸŪ²̨ߣ㶯ǷʥҲκǣô˵ǰһ˵ĽǼ϶ɲҲ֣ѹе⣬ҲǴ
ЩȻõЩҲֻüͷǵͷʾ⣬˴ΣǵĿĶһġ
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ǺǣҲʱУܽ٣λĻɣҲʾ⡣
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ʥĻʱһɿֲѹϯ֮еĿڴ˿һ㣬һ˲䣬е˶оڵ鶼ֹͣתһ㣬ˮ֪ĴԼ͸
ֲֿѹת˲ţ˲ʧӰ٣Լ͸˿˿亹˶ỳɸղûйֲѹĴڡ
ѹʧ֮жž֮ɫǲΪԼղЩɵʣе˺ͻȻʥͷ֮һķʥڣ˼ҷּ䣬׵Ĵݻڵ
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еľ֮ɫ󣬷ʥĵ˵ͷź󷽿һۣңǴ೤ϵĵط˳̨֮ǰо˸ȫûǰ־ƹɫĿɨӹˣ˵ˣλлǵļ֤ʥӼʽʼ
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Ƶĳֺ󣬲˶ǲɫĿ˿Ԫʥغȱʥڵλá

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ʱңȻôǰڵ˵õлðɡ
ôɵҲ֪ԼңͻȻĻҲΪеϧ
Ǻǣϣʦһ顭֮ټпɺãѹеŭ⣬Щ˵
ʲôʥصʥӻҪɣһСʥӣĪʶô
ңûʲôõģһѱ֮ˣڣԼİͽĴӣ˵ңɲš
Ǻǣϣʥʵ飬ǹϵʥ֮Ĺϵ⣬δΪʥ֮ǰȷ飬ʥ֮飬Ե⡣
ңһֻҪԼһĻش𣬱᲻ݳֵӣҲ̲סͷƤһ飬˵ңʲôճ֮ˣû뵽߾Ȼôǰ˺ǳ
ŵⷬ֮˶˽غʥعϵ⣿ʲô⣿
ҲüͷһĨ֮ɫ
Ǻǣ֪ʦû˵һˣĿһ㿴³֣𣡡
ʥӰʮķ𣿣
ǸǱɽУͬһ֣նɱԪʥصһʦǻɱˣ
ŵʻһ֮˱ǿʼ²ѵʲôϵɣ


729 Լ
Ǻǣ˵ЦˣʥӰʮķôû˵аһ⣬ɫʮֵȻ˵
Ŷ֪Ƿ𣿡żʵ
Цһʼ򣬵ĵʥӰ϶ûļأô֪
˵ʦһʦ
Ŵϯλվߵ̨֮£˫ĿĶ˫ɰǷҲʦʥ֮ǧѵóһʦô̵ʱУȻɰ
⻰ɵҲʲô˼ˣǷǸɱԪʥһ߼ʦɱܵܵĳˣ
ţ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪ʥʥеĵӣһҲȥμǱɽĿôֿǸأ
ͻȻЦһЦ˵ԪʥصԼûˣȻңѲɻûμǱɽʥУһص𣿡
üΪɫҲŷŭ֮⣬˿ȻǱѪ˸ġ
ʱڶ֮˶ЩɻԪʥصŹҵģ𣬱Ǹʮķ𣿣
Ǻǡ⼸ˣǲμӹǱɽ¼ˣҽһǿ㾿ǲǣòԸı䣬ɲܸıɣŶ𣬺ݺݵ˵
Ԫʥ֮ˣô˵ǻŵ˼ҡҡͷ
ǺǣȻֹǣʥصˣǲμӹǱɽеˣҲˣ㲻˰ɣ
Ԫʥصֶβò˵ǳһʱ֮˵עǼˣǱɽһ£ͻȻֵķҲʥΪ֮𾪡
նɱԪʥصСʥӣȴ֪һΪ˲²ⲻ͸Ǳɽ֮󣬷ͬ˼һ㣬Ϣ
ŰìͷָĪľǱɽֵķ
һӣ˵˼ǻԾˣǽɾˣҪ֪ǷǱɽնɱԪʥصСʥӣ
ޣɲѰ仰ܹȥġ
ԣɫҲ΢΢ţ˵ûǰǱɽԼϿΨһĽ;ڻԼΪһԼֶΡ
ƺܼ򵥣ԼôҪȥŵɣȻ˶ԼǷǻǸʥش鷳СʥӣԪʥһΪбǺΪС
Щɵİ취ܼ򵥣ǾǰһΣ֤ԼǷ𣬵ҲպŵȦףһԼĿ֮ˣǷʥغò׽һţɾͻõȻ޴档
ŵֶΣʥҲǲòޣССͣȻĻš
Ҳ΢΢һЦ¶һ԰ɫû֮ʲôϵҪľǷʥѿһӦֵĻԼܹ׵ػӶ÷ʥصһǧɡ
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ңҼˣǰǸ£Ȼ´οɾԪʥԵˡ
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ԱߵɽƽҰ籵΢΢ӣҲǰص˵ͷһԪʥص£ʥҲûв֡
ʥصʥŮʥӣʥͷŵ£⣬պܹʥأظյٹ⡣
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ʥسϵ֮£˳ڵŸսĳأܶǾۼ˴ССӡ
ȻͷӦˣҲǽ࣬ǲ²⻹ôţԼ벻ԼǷ
ǱɽˣڳҲ٣Լһ¶ʲôȻױ
ϸһ£ԼǱɽʩչĲԼһЩõʽŵڿ϶á
ҲңҲҺ༸ʥصûмʶԼ֣ȻĻԳ֡
ʱõ˼ʥŵĴУûطչȭţǰȻõʯˡ
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뵽ҲЦеصֱţӡ֮඼ܶã׻֮ŭҲûʸԼʩչ
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ӹһĨݣ΢΢˸һ£ʱڰ;ӹһӰ
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һʱ֮䣬ܵҲ۷׷ףԪʥΪʥµΪǿʥأȻ־ѧˣ⾪ײһ֡
Ǭ󣡡
ǱӶţҲ˿η壬΢΢ؽӡʱһµڱ
ܵĿռ䶼Ǳ΢΢Ťʩչһֵʱ򣬷ʥز˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʩչĿǬʥŵֶΰⲻ£ȻǬʥŵĴУʩչ̶ȿ˿˺üġ


730 ʥ
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ʥҲ΢΢һЦʩչǬ󣬾Ͳɵ˸УǲǸѱ䣬ôպͬҲʥصĶ
ǬʩչŶʱоԼӣʩչײӰȻسٻ
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ʱŨһ𣬺ݺݵؼѹţǬʥŵһҪжûв͸ķƣ

ڻʥŵĴкڵķҲǸΪƣת䣬ɽ緢һ籡һ㣬ѹ˹ȥ
ģ
Ļɫ䣬ŭһɫ䣬ȻǽǬ˺ѿһ΢Сѷ졣
ţҲе㱾¡
ǬӡȻ˺ѿˣҲһĨ֮ɫȻԼǬûиڲԪʥֶκγɵǬι̣Ҳͨǿƿģô̵ʱƿѾȫ֤ʵ
ƿǬѾЩ̫ˡ
䣡
һ¡ǬǺȻըҵ籩Ȼϯõô֮вʵԵһǿߣɫһ䡣
⣡
ƿǬ֮ɫϲûʲôϲ֮ɫ֮еľ֮ɫ˿ɣͬһ飬ܽԼˣ
ˣ
׼һʱһϵűǸоӿ糱ͬһ㣬׵ʧڿռ֮Уûгֹһ㣬֮Ű籩Ҳǳ׵ƽΨԵЩǱˣ֤ŸղЩֲ籩ڹ
ţղŵĽ֣õǷһ
ղų֮ˣǷʥڽЩɢ󣬷ʥĿ⿴ţʵ
⻰üͷһ壬Ŀ⿴ԼһȺˣȻڿŵĿһȺֵĵӶ΢΢ҡҡͷʱŵɫһ䡣
ʥصĵҲҡҡͷȻõֶΣڵķʥصֶΣǷȫͬ
ʥղֻǳд裬Ǳɽ֮еֶΡüͷԥһᣬ̲סڵ

žȻɣɽӸƽҰһۣжǰЦһ߿ǰϯλϣɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ţĪΪǷʥصʥӺ۸ɣ
ŵĻʥЩŭ쳹һޱȵѹӸ̨֮ϵķʥϯ
꣡
ѹ֮£ٵǿţûһ˿ֱ֮ӱѹѹϥһϥأá
˻
ѹȻֻһ˿ֲѹҲõǿ̲סһɫ䡣⣬ʥǿߣ
ȻΪҳɱԼ֣ܵܵ˷ΪȷЩˣ˼ҷʥʥʽָ֮ҲͰˣڷִͲǷ֮ûϴǸȻͬоһ˵ǡôǰˣҲֲ÷ʥˡ
ʥ֣ҲһһأҲǹˡ
ȻȻţʱԼǷݱ˺ǶԣҲ㲻Ǻ¡
ͷ֮һķʥŭѹ֮£֮һƬžǱѹѹõϥضõŴʱǺˮ죬ҪĶ
󣬻ȱʥص䶥ž޴ѹ߳ŷʥһʥˣǴ˴ǰĿףعʥʥӼģ磬Щʼɣ
ʥˣðǲҪֵʥӼɡ
ʥغͺʥصɽӡƽҰҲ˳Ц˵˵Ǻ⿴ʥغԪʥصĽ񣬲ôǰЩϵ飬ΪʥصʥӣҪġ
ңȻʥЩȻҲʱŸɱȻĻŸͲڻֻˮˡ
ʱʥصʥӿ飬Ҳõ÷ʥɫԻһЩ
ߣ
ʥһ䣬ּõÿ̵Ŀֲѹɢţϵ쳹𣺡ٲʶȤҪƻҷʥʥӵļʽɾͱǷʥضˣ
ž
ǿֲѹʧŵֱĿ֮ſڵأԪʥصĵǰŴϯλ֮ϡ
˶ˣǺ޲뿪˴ǣ־ʱ뿪ǵ÷ʥˡǺǰɫεԪʥһˣ֮ɫȫͬĴԵôĸ롣
󣬷ʥҲûٴԪʥصһȺˣֱǶң˵ͷʥӼʽûΪŵ־ͣ٣ǼС
𣬽ӹɫʥ㽫ΪǷʥصʥӡʥӣɲһҫĳƺţǴһΣʥصľ޴Ρңվԣһվƹһµ˵
ӶеΣҲһ࣬ңʥ˵ͷ֮г˼ᶨ֮ɫ
ã
ңһоο֮ɫĵ˵ͷ˫ĿɨӹȫӹеĽɫƣȵգʽΪǷʥصʥӣ
ϲʥأ
ϲֵܣ
ңĻ£ʱ֮һף֮ȻͬʱĽĿᣬǳΪ˷ʥصʥӣȳɾ֪ͣöǿĽʡ
ʥغͺʥصɽӡƽҰһۣжһĨӵɫĳɳٶȣõΪпʱգº߳ǣҲֻʱ⣬ͬʱаţû𽻶񣬲ȻĻôһǱĶ֣ǾһΪ޴顣


731 
ḧеĽɫƣƴСĽɫֱһӴʱˬĸо𵱼ҲûǽЩ֮˶Ǳ΢Ц
Ѿþ磬λƲӭͷϡ
죬һ˳ŴеڶĴ˵һʥصӵ£ڶǰ֮˶Ƕӭͷȥ
Ԫʥصһ˶ǿţȻղôˣŵ꣬ѾһˣȥǸʲôӭͷ壬ǿɲԸ⡣
ڶӿԼҲ̲סһ飬Ҳֻð̾һҺڴѾȥˡ
ȿȡǻ飬ӭͷ壬ǾͲȥˡѹе裬ȭ˵
ŵĸǣȻҲ֪ҲûΪţǵ˵ͷЦȻ£־߰ɡ
ߣ
Ŵкֱ֮һ䣬ǴԪʥصһ㬵ĴӴ˳ȥ
ɽӸƽҰһֻۣЦһû뿪˼
ԪʥһȱʥصһСʥӣ䣬ʱ΢΢üͷǺ˵һˣ˭֪Ǹôãûɹ˷ʥŭõûֽ֡
ʦ֣ҪҪ뿪
һӣʥغʥص˶ӭͷȥˣ̲סʵ
üͷһ˵ûн֣뿪ȥӭͷ壡
󣬴еһҲǶӭͷ˹ȥ
ʥҾͲȥ˰ɣֳĲϲ
յĴҲһЦЩӲӣΪεĶŷʥĵ
ȥǽǣôԲڳأ
ģʥ̲סЦһʥС˵СӣǧǷݸ¶
ԣһ΢΢ҡҡͷԼμǱɽ飬ʥ֪˰
ʥȻìܣɱСʥӣһԪʥΪصʦӣٷ
ʥɫһļ˵ǱԪʥ֤Ƿ𣬾ʥصСʥӣҲٲһ鷳
ţӽǡ˵ͷ
ˣһȥӭͷɣǰһʥһ¶¶棬ԺȥҲ᷽㲻١
ʥ˵꣬ǰӭͷ˹ȥ״ҲֻεЦЦڷʥ
ھԶһƵɽ壬ɽ֮ϣǱþ޽пһ㣬ɽһ޴ƽ̨㳡
ʱ㳡֮ѾΪˣ֮˴ļžɢͷʥĵɽϵգǷڵһ㡣
Ⱥ˶Լأ͵İЦӦţʱҪ̲ס쳤̾ʲôʱǸͷȥ֮ǰϸԼƲ죬ӲǬʥϢǶôǵѡ񡭡
ţ
Ȼüͷһ壬̧ͷŷʥɽŵĵطȥоһϤϢɿĶ￿ңǹϢòŵġ
ҵʲô֤˲ɣ
аԴţʱʥҲüͷһǷӶ
ɽϵˣǲ׵ǿߣǵû˿ηɿӽϢȻҲǸܵˡ
ŷ˲ɣʱ򻹸ҹң
ѵǷ֤˲ɣ
ھǰʥصĴʥӶŵϢҲİǶһۣа
߿ҽȥ
˼䣬ŵǴԶ˹ȻѾʥصĳϸ
ţɲԪʥأݲ˷
һŭ֮쳹ûаء⿪֮ˣȻǷʥصĳϡ
ʱ㳡ϵ˶ȻȻ뿴֡
ԪʥأԪʥأûˣûˣȻŵЩ쳹Уһǻ
ûˣԪʥûˣ仰֪ΪΣһĨ
Ԫʥûˣŷ˲ɣ
ѵڽղŻ˸
һ㳡֮϶ʱǱһЦЦûˣʥǿԪʥأôûˣ
㾡ĴʥصȫҲҪһʹĴۣпܽԪʥظݻٰɡ
ȱʥغԪʥعϵȻǲ飬ʥغʥʥǽŵģϲȥ飬ڷʥء˼ҷʥʥӺͼȫĳ϶ء
Ͻ߿Ȼݹǲˣ
Զʥسϴһ˿ŭҲΪԪʥݲ͵ԭ߾ĳȫɵĽŻɱ˵飬Ȼǲŵġ
߿ҽȥҪʥ
ԶŵǷ˻鲨žȻҪӲ

˱һϷ̬ʱͻȻһϵȻ𣬶ʱõԭ˽Ĺ㳡ϰ
˷׷ײĿȥֻ÷ʥǸ򣬱൱ࡣ
ৣ
ʥ£ԶżٵƷֻ֮ŵӰͬһӶֱͣ˷ʥǰ¡
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ȻƬ֮ٴγ˵ߵУʱȴΪǱϵմѪۣʧǣ׳һ־֣ƺʲôΪֲ顣
ʲô£š
Īǰ·ʲô˶֣
˰ɣ˭Ҷ֣ǿɾԪʥΪа
˿ģҲ۷׷ףӿһĨټʥ򣬳˭ҹضԪʥص֣
ţʲô£
ʥʱҲ΢΢ŵľ֣Ҳѯʵ
ԪʥءԪʥûˡ
¶ɫﲻص
ʲôûˣ˵㡣
ʥɫ֪ΪӿһǿҵĲ
ԪʥضûˣʥϡȫˣŷغȻֻȴ˶Ǽž
ʥ΢΢سɫֻʮҲ˵ѵԪʥĳʲô¹ʣ
ңʥңһ
ȺеңҲӦһã֪ôˡ
ңӰ΢΢˸һ£ֱӵʧԭأƺֱԪʥضȥ˵ĵǼ٣ң֪


732 
ʱ뼫ȾֵģȥΪʥҲ̾һ΢΢شһ˳˯С
ʱеձüΪأŵĻǴ˼ѹ
ʥ˳˼˵ģô˭Ԫʥض
Ҫ֪Ԫʥؿʥǿĸʥ֣ܵ¡
Īǡ·ʥͬʲôһ㣬Ǽڷʥعϵľᵱֹ顣
ҲǵΪʲôʥصĴлʧû
統ǰ㣬ɾͲˣʥҲǸһĨ΢΢սȭͷֻİοԼǵ֡
֮ΪأȻʱңȥѾʱٶȣʱ㹻ˡ
ңþδ飬˵ʼòɫҲ𽥵ر
ʥҪǰȥ
һλҲǻʥ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷٵȰʱ
ңʵΪңʲô⣬ôȥҲûá
ʱعȥٶȹȥ˰ʱȻңûл֮ڵˣʥص˶ǿʼۣһֻֿŵ
ʥǳסˣңûϢķһЩ飬Ψˡ
ȻʱһƿȻظ֣˽̧ͷʥҲ΢΢һңϢ
Ĺң³˵֮ڣȻȴǴһң۷ȫѪƺһѪս
ʲô£ʥʵԭΪңƽ£ģв鷢ˡ
ޡޣ
ңϢΪήң˵ֺһѪȻڵһΪǿᣬ֧Ųסˡ
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üͷһ壬ôôϤѵǺѪǲܣѪʵʥһ嶼磬ôڶ̶̵ʱнԪʥظݻ١
ޣʲôޣ
ʱ㳡еѾЩɧȻڳĶмʶ֮ˣǲ˭ʥΪǿʥرݻٺҲЩĻ
Ŀ⿴ʥȴЩ㵵ķ֣߲ӣʱüУһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ǵĴʥȷʥؽʱ򣬷ʥҲûй־ɫ
޵˻һôʥôη壿вɵͷ
ٽĵӣȫټ̲ݻ
죬ʥһüǳ֮ɫȴǿɫһ䣬ȻʥҲȡΪʱ̲ŶõĴʩ
ŷʥĻ£ڶ೤ûԭ򣬸ûаԥ֮ɫȡѶ飬һΪΣз

ߵңԣֱһ˹ȥ
˵ôأԼʹʲôĵˣң󣬻ˣѻ
ľҲң֣̽еƣЩϡ
ǻɳ˵Ļˣңƾǿʵǻסһ
ϾΣ
𼸺ûаԥңһŸ߽׵ҩĵ˺߿УԼϥһֻңѪˮĺ֮ϣһƾǶ˹ȥ
ʥ״Ҳûֹ˻ԪʥŵУһһʦңƵľΣֻҪЧ
ţ
ʱɽӡƽҰ籺伸ͬһʱüͷһ壬ȡѶ飬ڿеѶϢ֮ǽɫ䡣
ʥˣǾиˡ
ɽ˶ŷʥһڷʥͷ֮λΪ⣬Ѹٵʧ˵֮С
ʥص˶뿪ˣǿ߸ɧʥһˣʥļͷ˾ţиѡ
λҲȥɡ
ʥüͷ˵ڻȥټԼܶõһ𣬷Ļⳡƽ٣ǼѶȹˡ
ʵʥû˵ǣǰԼһƽٽͷʱҲֻиһ;ңԼʥأδֵܵⳡƽٰ
ৣৣ
ԣɫصĶŷʥһ񣬶Ƿɿķȥڶ̶ӵʱԭɽ˺˶㳡֮ϣѾֻʣ·ʥصһˣһš
ţʥУҾͰһľ֮ظ㡣
ʥüͷ˵Ȼ㻹ΪԪʥرĻͳȥʥزǿ߶һ𡣡
Ȼûбʤİգ֮£ԲͬԪʥǰ׵ıݻ١ʥ˵
һᾡϵԪʥʣ˵ģһеǷ֮ɫɢһЩУһĨ㡣
ȥɡʥ˵ͷҲǷӶ
ڷʥԣڸңˣˮĶǻ䣬ûаȥ֮⣬齫ǵҩڻľɢңΪصĵط
ڷʥʾ£ڶ೤϶뿪ʥҲûгŵ˼㾲ĵȴңˣü˼ʲôһ㡣
˺ð죬ңһ΢ĲһţһڳѪ緢

ڴͬʱҲһվ
յĹ㳡ڰң֮ʱ緢Ҳоġ
ʥʲôһᣬ̲סʵ
ʥҡҡͷĿԶ֮У̲סһĨ֮ɫ
ޡһǿ޷⡭һƽ٣ʥĺƽٰ죬ʥ̾һΪη˵
ǸѪţʥǰʥ޼ʥĴڣҲûмѪǰַǣ޼ʥ䣬Ҳ֪ΪΣǰʥѪŵ֡
ʥĻ𲻽뵽ԼڻԪʥŴʯпľѵЩ֮ˣѪ֮ˣ
ûһǵ֣ʥ˵һ޴ƽ٣ʱΪǷʥصǿĴʥأҲǽѪŵ˸˻ȥ
ǿ룬ʥ˵Ȼ˵Ǹ˻ȥǷʥɫʮֵأЩʹġ


733 ƽ
ȻʥҲǸ˲ʹĴۣǿߣųɣ֪жٴǳƽʧʱǿķʥأҪĻԪʥŴУҲǱƻĲˡǻʣһɵǿߣҲǸشã䣬ЩǿߣҲż⡣
ʥڣǣüͷҲ
ϣ
𼸺ûпǣбǸֳһ˯ߡ
ǳƽٲǿߣҲָˣҲΪϵĴڣǷʥ⼸ҪвƵ£ʥ֮ʥһĨԳ֮ɫЦ˵
ԣҲ˲٣ʱķʥأʥо޵еĴڣǰǳƽУʥҲǹ󣬵ǣ⹦Ͳάʥصĵλ
ڼ󣬼е˶˷ʥνĹͣΪϵĴڣʥض֪ʧȥˡ
һսУʧأѪŵҲûõȥҲԪ˶òˡ
û뵽ҰĲǾˡǣʥأκһʥضû俹ʱδܹԱȫңһѧˣֱֶνʥΪǿʥظݻ٣ϵĻᡭ
ʥ΢΢ҡͷ˵ûʲô˼ϾѾʽΪ˷ʥصʥӣȨҲ֪Щ

ʥһЩһǷĽԼµǿ߸ѡһΪǿʥΪϾȻһǺʥرŲСĲġ
ȱʥأԭķΧΧʥΧһЩ۸ƣȻܿ죬һĲҽ֮˺ʣ˲佫Щ֮ѹȥ

ĲҽķȥֻңԶ֮ϣŹĺƣں֮УŨѪ֮ζ
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ǿңԶĺƣȴǿ߾㵵ĿУɿȱʥصϿաƵĽ٣ȱʥ֮Ҳǳһ޴ޱȵĹ֣ȱʥصĻڴ
ڹ֮УӰЩӰһϮۣڻԪʥŴʯмЩһģһ
ʱЩ˶Ǵ׺ݵĿⶢŹ֣һɫӰǴӺ֮кХһǿĹݺݵĺȱʥصĴ֮ϡ
أأ
Щ£貵Ĺ֮϶ʱǷȦȦڴеһľս
һɽ֮ϣɫ쳣أǲϺŴĺˣЩϣоһѹ
λʦֵܣػʥأ
һһӱǽһƷ˳
ػʥأ
ػʥأ
Ķȱʥظʥ֮УҲĵӼ鿶Ĵȵ
ӿٶȴݻ󷨣
ʱǹĺУһһޱȵд
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ں֮жʱ֮һϢΪֲĺ˴Ӻ֮кХ·ȱʥصĹ˹ȥ
֪ͨʥأǲɵӭУ
һϢԼٵӰȱʥеȱʥɫ쳣ص˵
أأ
Ǽ˵ļ룬ʱ֮ϵǾתƣҲǱð˲١

ʱʥءʥغͺʥصʥͬһʱյһѶϢڿϢɫһ䡣
ȱ첻УȲҪӭУ
̵һ仰ȴõʥжһݡ
Ԫʥ֮ȱʥٶݣ
ʥУԪʥصʵǿ˾ȱʥأһΣѪȴȱʥضŹԪʥ֮Ƕȱʥ֡
ʥصУг϶Ǿۼһ飬ΪʥӵݣȻҲǳ
λȱʥѾԪʥصĺ󳾣Ļ»ʥغͺʥأǷʥء
ʥΣڵ֮Ҫʥصټ
ͬ⣬ǲϵĻʥؾͻǱһʳһ⡣
λһۣҲǷ׷ͬ۵㣬ʥҲû˱ǸΪѪкεȿֲǿʱڵķʥء
ȥأҲ޷Ӿǡ
ɣȥϳ棬˼ȥʥ˵ʥ΢΢һ£һǸһȥ
˵ͷȻʱϵӰȴͻȻس˴У˿ϵĳ֣ǹޱȡ
Ҳ뿪ʥأʱ򡣡
ϵǣȴֱӵؿżɽѪž֪ǵһĿ˭мĿǷʥأһȥĻϮ赲
ԣ˶ʱҲǾһ˵û˭Ҳ֪ѪŵһĿ˭Ƿʥص̣ڵĻֵ飬ôʥҲٶݣܹȡ
ȥʥؿһ¡
ʱҲ΢΢سһ£󿪿ڶʥǷʥصʥӣȻʸΡ
ɡ
ʥص±ǾܾǷʥغò׵ϣʱ뿪ʥأ³ʲô⣬Ƿʥؿνǳ׵ˡ
ʥѪȻǿ󣬵ضǷʥص˽⣬Ҳ֪ҾǷʥصʥӡ
ҲǼˣҪʥʥصټȻֻһơ
Աԣ˼ص˵ͷҲǿڵ˵ûʱˣȻĻѪһֻ֣ܴڱ
Ҳ˵ʥ˼һҲĳؿ˴ξǰȥʥأһۼǷʥأͬʱ߿ʼȱʥغԪʥЩĵҲټһʥҪͬĹܶɹһ١
˵ͷʥؽǴʥУ·̲ңԶԼĪ춼ҪֻҪСģνѪżɡ
Ϊʧ̬Ҳûйڵʱ䣬׼ֱӵسȻʱ򣬷ʥɫȻһ䣬ƺյʲôϢʱ£̾һ˰֣ȥˡ
೤϶ʱӣ¶˾㵵ɫĪַʲô¹ʣ
ɫʱһȭͷǲɵýʥ˵ȥˣôΨһĽͣѪѾٴοʼˣ
Ѫźܴһƣͬһʱ䶯֣ΪԪʥȱʥغʥغͺʥҲڸոܵϮ
ʥЦѵصһΡѪҪ׵ʥһ


734 
ǻʲôɴֱӵɱǰҲԴУƢĳҲŭ
ʵ̫ͻȻⲻ̶һĹʥʥأѾǸԸˣҲǼֲ˶ãһĿ꣬ȻǷʥء
򲻿ɳ嶯
ʥҡҡͷʥʥصλʥҲһЩٶʥصľӶ͵͵ǲ˳ǶϹǷʥߣҲǲеĴˡ
ڳ˶ǳĬʱʥƬʥУǴڶȻȻȴ䵽ȵز
ϣ鷳ˣʥصľѾ·ˣΪ˲аʧֻͷֽǽͻ
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ΪһѪŵ֣ʥΣѰĴСһЩܵһĹʥĻ̻̣ΨһҴŵķʥǳһݣ̶̰ĹвͶʥض
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ȻħȴǿЦ֪˵ʲôʧˣʥȥ̤ƽ޾綼а㶯
ɫ΢䣬ħųⷬĪ׼
ˣҪôԹԳΪħūҪô𣡡
ħȻصûа˸ǰǲʥֻһٶȽʥȴ޶֣ܹԸˣǾԲڴ˵ء


738 ʥ֮
룡ħıûеóѣҲԸ
ŭʥ֮ˣԲǹ͵ƴһҲҪѪսס
Ҳɲȥħεȵǿ֮ǰѾǼʶˣʥذڵʮǿߣиǸʮǿߵǱ䣬ֻһܹħ
ĿɨӹܣҲ¶ĪıˣĪǽʥ֮գ
Ȼ㻹ڤ粻飬Ǿͳͳħū
ħʱ֮п죬һɿֲѹȻڷʥ˶Ǹеͷһ£ħ֮£ûа㷴
ʥɡ
ʱ򣬷ʥʥ֮ڵļλһۣʱҲµȵزʥֶΣ֮ǰûлʥİգΪȱ˻ԪʥŵĲִУڣʥա

ʱңҲǶһѾǺ೤վһɫΪء
ӦʥˣӹһĨɻ󣬵ʱҪʲô
ǷʥĵƾʥҪʥҪһܹʥŴеΪý鷽ܹɹң߽ϡ
Ҫô鵽ȹͷҲǲֱӵʵ
ʥУҪٶȸʣʥŴУȻ󽫳׵ػʥǷʥʥŻᡣ
ң֮гڴζ
ԣ˳˼УʥؼʥŵĴУǸ߰˰ˣʥŵĴûиҲ˵׵ػʥҪڼ̵ʱڸʣĴС
ԣͬҲһ顣
ڷǰģûѡ
֪ˡ
һж೤ʱ䣿
죬ʥڵ󷨣ʱټ˵൱һ졣
ңЦ޷ʱڳ׵ظʥдУҲͺʤ㣬ʥ˶˸𣡡
һ죡
ɵһⲻһʱ䣬ԣֱǿ̵ҪҪһ֮ڸʥŵĴУ
µ񣬲ò޷һʱŴеĻôʥ˵³һ
ܵϵصһ̧ͷңЦʵѡô
ңҡҡͷɨӹܣѾǵķʥأѰҲܹħǲԣ
Ƿʥʮһűħ˸ʮλǿߵϵԴ
˵ˣҪֹħΨһİ취ǻʥ
ʥ֮ڵʥ̺ʥǿߵӢֻܹ꣬Ըħ
ԣҲ֪ôˣ±Ƕң֪ˣһᾡΪġ
ң˵ͷʥҲ֪£Ŀǰǲûѡֻǽϣϣңֱʥ֮
˹ֿͬѪŵ֣
һҪס
ĬĬؿȺЩϤףҲǰ
Ѫŵǿ߶ԣ𲢲ۣԵͻȻʧһˣûǵĴڣΪʱʥضǴħϢ֮£ȻʥҲȻ޷ܹ֮ܡ
𲻸̫࣬ѪŵǿᣬѾǼʶˣټħĽ٣ʥźǿ߰æҪ֧Űʱ䣬ҲҪ൱֮ĴۣԼʶһˣԼٴγ֮ʣҲˡ
ޱȳأܿٴʥص룬Ҳʥ֮
Ϊ˶Ǵڷʥصɽ֮ﵹԵðǿݣңֱӵشһۻ飬ʥ֮ϣʥб˵
ϤڵɵرüͬĻɽһ㣬Կơ
ȥɣϣˡ
ʱʥȫңҲĳؿ
û˵ʲôصص˵ͷ֪ԼʹΪʥʥӵʹʥǧǧϵԼϣá
𻺻Լƣɢǿʥ̣ʱʥɢɫĹâܵĿռҲǱ𽥵Ťǰ߿ʼģȻҲϤޱȡ
ûκοܣǵõٵʥŴУһεûгѣιȥĸоֻǱ۵˲䣬ٶȳʥ֮ڵĿռ䡣
СһŹȥãˡ
̤ãĿռ֮ڣûعٶǻһϵȻʥʶ
ǰ
Ҳǲҵȹµǰ̬Ҫ̽ĴС
ǰһӰس֣ȻǵǵߣЦеؿ棬Ѿ½½ʥŵĴУҲͲŴˣΪļ
΢΢Цʥʶû֪緢ʲô飬ҲǿЦǰ֪Ѫٶʥʥأҷʥ֧ŵĴʥؽѪŵС
ʲôѪٴγˣ
Ѫĸ֣Ȼʮּ΢΢㵣Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һħҲٴν٣֧ţ̫ãʥҽʥҪڰʱ֮ڻʥϿɣֻҪܹǳ׻ʥסʥأ
һһص
ħվǾˡ
߻صΪӣƺǸиţҲƺΡ
֪׻ʥҪʲôô߻ؿصص
֪ұҪô
ҡҡͷµ񲻹ʥ֮ˣûѡǿѪţȻǸĴۣҲǱҪ֮ˣ
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΢΢һЦҲЦ
ʥʶôɻصǰߴʥ֮ڣӦþʥγɵʶ
Ҳô˵
߹һЦҲҡҡͷȷеصҾǷʥǿӢľۼ壬ʥ֮Уǧ겻ɢ
ʱɴף⵹ǳϣô˵Ļߵݿǲ򵥰ʥؽҲǧʱˣô˵ĻͷͦˣǿߵӢۼ壬ҲܹͷƤ顣


739 ĩ;
ǽӴʥˣһʥ֮ڡ
߻صѪ֮ʣûжʥǵʥǿʮǿħشˡ
֪Ͼǵʮǿ֮һȴǻ
޵
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νȫˣûõϾȻû뵽ʥصǿ߻˵ΪʥصİԸǸԼ
ȥǿߣȻֵأΪƽȴ޵
ߵһӵرøصͬʱǿ߶ȥΨԼ˵ɹֹ¶Ѱ˸޷ᣬֲòջС
Ȼ𾴣˵ûʮԸǿ߹Ȼֵ𾴣ѡϣΪ˾壬Ϊ˷ʥأԸʹ֪࣬ȥ飬ûϣʥǲڡ
Ҫ˵ľǣνʥǾǽҵĳһ˵ϡ
ƳһǷʥǿߵӢۼ壬Ȼǿ󣬵ӦúõԽǿҪԽĴۡ
ĬĬԣµҲ˹ʥھǽʥӳϣĿǰΪԣܹһδ֪֮
ܹɹĽҲ˸صĴۡ߿һһصʱȫر
΢΢ر˫Ҳ˵Լ˸Ĵۡ
ʥǿжǿ
붼Ҫȥ룬һӢ꣬ǿ߼ܹصĴڣֻҪʥܹǱħ
һѡĻôˣɥѪŵħצУ䣡
뵽䣬±˫ֱնĵǰҾˣҪĻôң޷
˾
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߸̾صֻϧһʥǿߵڼô³ΣҲǲ֪
ʱ٣ƾҵӳһ£һĹǷܹŴУǿɾǿԼ컯ˡ
߻˻֣ϷǳıӰǷʥŵĴС
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ѪħĴ֮£㳲ǿ߲ʥضǰΧܹѵóħǸ߸ϵɨӶܣûаУػֵɱ
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ǰֵĸǽ˺
޵αؼأȻӦΪѪЧҿԱ֤һǧٻһΣ
ħƳһ޵ҲЦ
룡ƴһҲԲȾָʥ򣡡
ŭޱȣҲŭħǰǱ֮ˣӺοڣҪȥη壡
ǲ֪̻ʲô˼
ħƲƲ죬ҲЦȻĻôұۿЩνʥصӣһһȥ
ϵ±ͫ͵ؽʶħҪʲôȻһ̣ħȻƣݺݵĳһطѹȥ
䣡
һ죬ƬֱӵرΪƽأ
ħҸƴˣ
ϵ۶ˣղħֵǸطʮʥصĵӣȻħһ֮£ȫһ
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ȻħȷǿЦ㲢ûʲô취ƾһ֮θս
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ŭʵϣʥ磬ֵʵΪԣЩʥضԣʥǲǸոսʥľ磬ԼʥڣǰħǰʥԲ
ȻĻƾʮǿߣҲ޷ɱ
ǵľĲ࣬ǲһС磬Ҳر
Ӱ΢΢˸ħǰֱӵһȭȥ龡ػУݺݵسħ
ˡ
һħϵĹȴǲɫƣֱӵؽ⾪춯صһȭ赲
꣬Ǻ޽չ
ħЦҲǻ˻֣ɫٱ䣬ʱоһǿޱȵϯӰӲرˣ
ϵɫΪأصʱ䣬ħûаʧΪƺȵΪֲˣ
Լ㾡ȫȻûа취ħκв
޵֮Ĳ࣬
ħЦʥ޾򣬶ܹ֮档
ĬĬ֪ĿǰҪľʱ䣬еĴк󣬳׵ػʥΨʥزϣ
뵽ϵҲƽԼһӣʵӦýˣǰʮλǿߺľԼɹΪʥصػߣԣһΣһּ尾
غһҲ΢΢̧ͷȻ˵ȴǶȻرǿ֮࣬ɼһЩɫĻϢϵ
ܵϵı仯ħҲǲɵ΢΢üͷҲȵ޵ôΪƾܹһս֮
ħǰ֮ϢͻȻرǣȫطſǲϧȼԼԼʵʥಫսʽΪµġ
һսұǽ֮ˣкξ壿
ϻƽѾȼԼУ֪Լܹ֧ŵʲôʱ򣬵ûеѡ
ϹͷľôˣΣҪԼˣʥأʥ˵ɶϵϣɱʧˡ
ĬĬصһս֧Ųٴοʱˡ


740 ս
ȻҪѰôұǳȫ㣡
ħҲǲȻŭŴʱϵҵҪϹͷʲôʩչ
ʲô仯֮䱾ǲһ磬ʹʲôֶΣ޷ҡʥյĽעһܹ⣡
ϵ̤һʵȴǿԽ׵ľ룬ٶǶħ֣Ȼһϵĳ֣ȴõħ׽
ʱ˿̵ϣƽһƣ̺ƣǰΪˣ
ߣ
ħһҲǲҴ⣬֮ǰڷʥسһͷһǲٴ⣡
ħսһ𣬶ʱӦòǳȻϵ³һ
һĻ÷ʥص˸Ǳ߲ѣѪŵǿսһ
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һζ˺Ԯ֣ȻĻѪţʥȻʥصĲҲѪŵĶ֡
̵ؼսչֳսȴǺܾˣǼλҲǶԴ˹Ŀ࿴
ƽľ˽Σͷһ𣬶ЩѪŵǿҲ˿֮ʬ塣
ı֣Ǳȹؿ˻ҪޣòѪŵǿע⵽Ĵڣ˷׷ҪĨɱ䣬ȴǿס
ף壿
ʱ֮нħҲ͵ؽһ£˰ϣɵ¶˿ϲɫ
޵û뵽Ȼôһʥ壬Ѱˡ
ħҲǿЦѵصû뵽ȻʥѰⴿ壬ȻǲУ
ҾҲóѵģ
ƳһħҲħҲǳ˼ɵô˵һʼǿֲ˵㣬ԼȼԼ٣ҲֻܹԼǰ֧Ŷһѡ
İɣ˶
ħǣ߽䣬һ̰ɫ
ûмϻϵرħ֪϶޷սʤħڵĳֲǸȡ㹻ʱ䣬ΨʥطܹȻĴ۹ڴ˵㡣
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ħķǰеʱطսҲͬڼҵؽţûĻѪŵ󣬻Ǻɵʥأ
֮£˶ڼţûκһѡ
ʥ統УʯͶӰڽŵĴУʥϵϡ
ʱܿرǹȥһ룬ⷬУʥǿ߶˸صĴۣ˶սǿ߶಻ؿЩʥ֮ҲǸ൱֮ĴۣƽҰɽ˽ˣ
λʥѾŲס
ʥҲѾˣ
սνǼΪңҿź֧ţȻĻʥѲˣ
֮еսӵǿңħ֮սǺѪŸ֮ս˵Ľ𶯿νǾ춯أ
Ȼþ֧ʱ֮¶˲еļ˵Ϣʼˡ
޵µ㻹ʲôͣ
ħһĻҲԤϣ¹һЦ֪ΪʲôֽѹôҪݽҪ㿴Լ˵ĵһһزȴΪ
ħޱȣȴνΪҲ޿κΣʱţҲѸٵ˥ϾΪ˻ָԼǸ˺ܴĴۣܻܲҲһ⣡
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һԼڲҲ֮¶һĨ͵ĺɫ
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սеķʥصԣ̧ͷŰ֮ͬʥػ߰ĴڣҲ¶һĨȡ
Էʥصʮߴʥ֮𣬼Ϊҷʥصڶʮʥ
ֱʱϵݲ¶ʮǿߣд󲿷ֶʥǵʮߴʥķʥˣ޷κ飬֪ŬֻҪһʥôܹʥ
Ǹʱ򣬳𣬻˭ʸܹΪʥ

ʱʥ˲ǻعǷ𲻼ˣ֪ȥ
ǷģΪʥӣѣΪʥأŬҪ֧ŵֻ֣ˣܹ
޵ŭĸңܲصĳ֣
ʥصĵһۣҲӿϣϣϣʱŬţʲôɷ
սף
ŭսȾ˵һĻ޵ɵ΢΢¶ɫôʥһֱʥ֮βʥصǿģԶʥأ
ãܺãǷʥصĵӦеľ񣡡
޵ҲЦؽƵħϣܿĵЦħΪûֶܹƷô
޵ɫħʶظһĨֱӽⲻѹĵףʥԲΪ£˭ܹƲõ½ֵǿߣԼҪһ㣡
ϲģͷ˻װŪ
ħЦİɣˣǸ壬
ħǾ˵ɱʱͷŶ޵Цѣ쿪˫֣ʱ˵貵ĹâܵѸٵһ
ԱֱЦ
ħЦѣֱӵ֣ʱܵĿռ΢΢ؿʼ޵ҪԱӶѪɾ޴˺һȻǲӲܡ
ϵЦһֱδͣ貵ĹâУ񱩵ڲϵۣòҲǷ˼仯ǲϵĸɿƺ»ָԼɼģħûзֵǣһƼΪ΢âȻشϵ嵱뿪ֱʥڵĵطС
䣡
һ޴춸Ȼشʥأ貵ĹâͬһѸзʥصĵӶ̧ͷ㵵ؿŰյЩĹâ


741 
ЩĹâϵ·ʥصӵϣ˾㵵ǣЩâ֮Щ˵ʥصӱѸٵȬЩâƺ̺żǿ
ϣ
ʥ˻ع˫ĿˮŰ֮ЩƮâΪʥصʥϣЩʲô
ʥصط֮һ
ֻʥܹƿصطһʩչˣǾ͵һУΣĹͷǾԲʩչ
ʩչط֮£˵ƶǵõƬ֮󣬰֮е貵ĹâɢҲǲڣ
ģϼһŪô鷳£
ħŭصԭΪʩչԱҪѪŵǿɾ޴شǵͷǷ֣ԭϲΪˣʩչطȼԼУΪʥȡ˴Ϣʱ䡣
·˵ƶǵõָֻĵزѪŵǿ߶Ϊͷۡ
ɱɱһ
ħŭȻˣҲ޷ѪŵǰĽŲ
ʱ˿̣λʥҲ»ָһͬһʱվλʥһ֣ħ
ʥسΪ׵ǿҲٶչ˲ҵսԱ֮ǰԣΪң
ʥУŬظеı仯֪飬Ҳǲȥ룬ΨһҪľǣظʣµĴУ
Ǹ򴫳飬ʱԽļԽ޷򣬴ǸһŴУȻʣһŴûи򣬾ʱһâȻûʥУ˾޴âֱӵؽߵ嵱С

߶ʱһȻâʲô
ϼһﰡϼһҲǳŲסô
߻ɫΪӣΪʥʶھۼŷʥӢ֮Ȼеʮλǿߵ˶ϵһӢ꣬
һӢʥǾǴѾˣ
뵽߻ؿǽ˫𣬲ɵǿЦСӰһʱ˵ɶϵϣ
ڸһŴе𣬶Ȼػһ챮ӰʼػޣһĻԱߵɵ¶οɫΪǸ˷ʥȫĴУ
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һѪŻٵԪʥŴܹõķʥشУ
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ʵܵʥƺЩı仯ǰ̸֪֮һзʥصĳϼ䣬ǻһӢ͸ʥ֮ڡ
΢˵ͷĬ
һȭͷɵֱӵؽһˣ
ѾǲֹۣаӳٵĻº붼ȥ롣
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ҧгݵصһѪŵֻ֣зŭΣҪȥֹһκƽ٣ǸԼΪۣ
㵱濼ô
һµؿ𣬵һʥӢ֮ͻǼӳϣʱܹһǰδеĸ߶ȣ³ΣҲ˵Ҳ
֪ûеѡڵҡ
ش˼㣬ҪǿҪڵĴۣԽǿִ۾ͻԽ󣬵η塣
ˣҺ㣬ҸӲ뿴ȥҷʥصдУӦΪʥصϣȥɫӵصҿԼ뿪ط
𣬾Բ̰֮ˡ
ߵ뷨治ڵԼгǧʥصڵԼԼʱѡѣǾͳˡ
һһ
ĻӦǿӲҲ΢΢̾ϢһΪӣʱʵ飬ʥصĴѾǶ꣬ò׳һˣȴҪٴѪŵ֣ϲĪĲԸ⿴ʥ
ȻѾôԸ
߻صҲҡҡͷס㲻ʲôʲôҪһ;ĻʥͻʧܣǸʱҲǳ׵
ߵ£ϾʥǿߵӢ֮һػѣǷʲô飬Ҳ˵аصĻ˻ɥ
ǰһ䣬һʥɹ֮ж೤ʱ䡣
ĬһʵʥҪۣۿԼһ׼ԾҪ֪
ʱ
ɫӵؿһ𣬵ΪĿǰ̫ˣҲ˵ܲܳܵסܹܵסʱҲڳá
ôɫƽԳһЦ
ᣬ˭Ҳ֪ϾûԹܹػʥ֮ҡҡͷԣһʥ֮飬ɾҪԼˡ
˵ͷѾ׼ȻΪ˷ʥصʥӣôͱҪеΣ
ãȻˣôҾͿʼˣʥӢ֮֮С
ߵҲ𽥵رãƬ֮Ӱ𽥵رʥڵ綼ǿʼŤıӰҲǿʼϵ໥ںһ綼Ҫһ㣡
ģ΢΢̧ͷյʯںϣɢʣ߿޴ıӰҲǻر˫ʼ׼ʥ֮ľѡ
䣡
һ죬һĨ貵Ĺâ԰볹׵ر˶ʱǱȹâûһǰδеǿ𽥵ʥ֮ڵ磬޲
ʱʥضǿʼ˲˰ѪڵĲǿ߶Ǿ㵵ؾĿܣ֪ʲô飬ħ΢΢üͷ֪ΪΣһֲĸо
𣡡
ʥһۣҲӹһĨϲܹȶΨֻнʥе
ס
ң೤ŭһľʵѾǲˣϵ䣬λʥҲǿֵסħûʲôãħмȫԸλʥֻȨеèץһ㣬Ϸˣλʥ
̵Уħʱʱ֣һ֣һƬǿֱӻʥصսʧ࣬һĻλʥҲ޿κΡ
ܹǿħǵŬˣ޷ֹ顣


742 ʱ
ֻҪǴ岻ȫɱˣ
ħǳɱ¾ٶ쳹ȫ߽䣬г̰ԣĿǰΪҪľ壡
ʱǱʥصλϻţûѪŵǿܹ䣬ħ֮ŸǿҪ֣ʱΣ
ԼҲǺĿǰҧҲǺĿǰĴɵÿ˷ʥصڴļµֻǽϣϣȻĻʥֻ𽥵ݡ
ʱһһعȥʥнѰʹ࣬ʯвµĹâ͸ڣԸܵõԼ𽥵ط仯һǰΨеǿһһۡ
ͬƾճһ㣬ΪֲܵĹ̵Ҳǲ˱Ϊؼʱֱ̣۵ӡԼɢһȻǰؽʥס
һĻҲǳϣĴڣԼ޷֧ȥ
ԼĪĹ򣬰֮еʯѾǾػޣ貵ĹâҲ˲ȥʥڵĿռ俪ʼüΪȶ
ʥ֮ô
徲ڰյУ͵˫ǣʱ˫Ȼǳһְɫһη
Լƺˣĺϳһ㣬ҲǼΪʥ֮Ӱ죬˵ڽĶʱ֮ڣѾӵħһս֮
ǰлˣһػŷʥأ
һܣʥ֮ȫػѣռҲǿʼüΪȶҲߵӰʥʶʥ֮ȫѣԷҲǲڡ
΢΢ضǰϹһ£֮䣬Ƭʥ֮ڵǿʼرӰҲǿʼ𽥵ɢ
Ѿʥ֮ʱ䲻࣬Ҳ㹻ˣҪȥӭսħΪػʥأ
ʱڷʥصɽţѪŵǿǲཫƿƵòˣһս۹ʥصеǿµҲǲ࣬λҲ˸Ĵۡ
ټķʥأֻǻˣ⻹ˣйؿҲˣνǲҲ̶á
Ǳ˽ػסħҪõ壬һʱ֮䵹Ҳûа취Ͼɱ
ˣħ߸ߵڰյУȵزǻʲôܼ֣壬һʹ죡
ʥˣһۣǽҧأʱ򣬸Ӳã
ããȻǲϽ壬ұԳ֣
ħŭЦǰλʥҲǿʵ֮λʥûаͽ͵֮
ħƽǵȺ˵ƣļ²ѣ߽䡣
ƴҲҪ
ʥҧŭֵܹһ룬һ룡
ֻҪܹʥ֮ôǾŻᡣ
Ůӣҹɣ
ħһңңضȺеЦ
λϣ󣡡
ʥһĻҲǽҧأ񲻹ôñǱס䣬ԲܹħУ
ķʥǿҲһۣԴ߳ڲһ޴ĹĻ令ڵУ
֮Ҳ죬ˣϧ
ħ߸ϣŷʥ˵ľٶҲЦѣؾ˫ֵʥ֣ҲϲԴӽԺʥͲҪˣǱħġ޽磡
ʱ¡һյѸٵظһĨɫƣ׵ʥأħǴʱҲǻһĨпЦݡ
˵ĻѸٵţ˶̧ͷŰյһƣжǸһĨǰ˭ܹ⣿
ȻλʥҲû˿İգ
Ȼʱڷʥصһ貵ĹâȻֱӱһ죬ЯżΪֲƣѸٵؽٶ£
ȻΪֲƳ֣ħͷŵҲ˱ɢ˲٣ʱʥص˽΢΢̧ͷŰ֮һɢɫâӰ֮г˿ȡ
𣡡
ʥ̲סеļʱ˿ܹǾ˵ˣѾܹʥ
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俴ŰӰ˫Ҳǳ˼ˮεӾֻҪܹǴϣôһܹ
ʥص˳ϣǲѪŵĵɫǲÿˣħΪףɫ΢ѿΪϲһɼΪֲϢϢܹ⣡
ܣϢ
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ڰյУ΢΢ɨһܣ֮˸ŭȻǱҵһĻŭˣЩѪŵ̫ˣޱȵض̧ͷħӹһĨ˵ɱ⡣
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ƽޱȣʱ䲻࣬ҪսپȻԼܲסʱ򣬿²ʥĩգ
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ŭһڰѸٵתͬʱֱ۵ϢҲǻһĸоѹֵϢѸٵسⷽء
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ħòƽɫ¶㵵ɫ𣬴ʱ˿̴˲һִǰľһԶ
СӣڵԳ׵ر
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֪ˡ
ޱ飬ΪİǳԾڵĸоͺȫȫػһһ㡣
ĻҲ΢΢ر˫ǿޱȵػֱ۵ӡ֮ϣһ˵ĸоȫ
͵صͷ˵ͳŭֱ۴ȵĸоڵѪͬһ㣬ָоȫҲǷЩ仯οʼȻǳۣ¶Ϊ˾ȣ¶˵ۣ


743 Ϊ
ЩԱ֮ǰֵĹı仯Ϊʵʽɫ𽥵쵽ȫ貵Ĺâʼţһ̣ڲδ֪ı仯ԼûԤϵõı仯
һֱ仯ȻͬҲԤϲ㶵ؿŴʱɫâŵĲɵǸһŹֵͷĪǻữΪ
ԭ𴥷ܹ֤󣬲ܵķɣû뵽ǷһĻҲǲ֪ôˡ
ħ΢˫ı仯ҲǳסֱӵҪңңһգһǿѸٵУֱӵرڵķ
䣡
Ȼһ̣ħȴ¶֮ɫԼһȻƲЩɫĹâ˵Ӱ
ģһﵽðģЩģ
ħҧгݵصϣܵһϤϢȻЩʥ϶ͷ²ħҲԼز²⵽ʲô
ͬҲûа취ֻؿ֪ı仯ҪȥֹҲûᡣ
ԼĪƬ֮ĽɫâԽ貣Χ㣬ԶԶȥͬһһ㣬ݳϢҲΪֲ
⵽ʲô
ħɣһˣҲǻ˻֣õѪŵǿ߾˺𱣳һȫľ롣
䣡
һ޴춸Ȼش˷ʥأǽɫâͬزϵɢʥ֮ϣ΢΢̧ͷ¶˾ϲɫЩɫâƺ̺ĳǱѽģٶƽ
ʲôװŪ
ħŭصҪǰ֣һ̣һƵ׵شͬװѪǿߵĶը
꣡
ΪǿѪǿߣʱɫ԰ף͵³һѪȻˣħҲ͵˺㵵ؿǰա
֮еĽɫâʼɢȴһ˾㤵Ϣ
쳹ϣ˽̧ͷյֵĶ֮ʣ¶Ŀɿڴɫ

ǽǴڸֹ鵱мصʱ˿ȴǾسǵǰ̾ڰյУ¶˰ƣ
ġ⡭ôܣ
ĿɿڴؿһУֱеΪʲôǻΪ
ʹҡҡͷȷԼûۻҲ̿ˮһмֱ̫ˣһˣȻܹûΪ
ǸʱҲǲ˼֮¡
ʶˣ˵ˣʥ˾þòǻعŰյгֵһĻе㲻֪룬Ȼʥ֮ķ롣
ħܿǻعŰ֮̾ͬҲǾȣ벻ףΪʲôܹǻΪ
ħձѪŸ֮գ֮ǰʥصǰҽȴ
°յҲǴڻΪ֮󣬻ܹǱѵǣԵøӵ˾þޱȡ
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ħŭЦŰ֮һ޴Ӱ˵ϢҲǲòɵˣħԸô
ӦħģһƳ̾ڰյеӰʼ䶯ţܵʼѸٵػһЩѹֵҲһ̳׵رɢĽǿƣ
𲢲ȥʱ䲻࣬ԸħǿߣʲôֶζٵģΨиһܹ׵ؽ
ħԲܹ֮ǰһѵˣû˻뵽ħһҪȱû飡
һԲǾؿʼ£һ±ǻعһĻεȵϤҪʩչһе龰뵽֮ʩչ׻֮ŭҲǲһĨ⣬ƻǰԣֱ֮
ŪʥضǸˡ
æӵߣæ˳ȫĵط
ңһۣҲ֪Ҫʲô飬ʩչ׻֮ŭӡޱȣ״̬֮ʩչǸΪˣ
ܿ죬ʥİ֮£ʣЩǿ߶½뵽˷ʥصôһЩ󷨵ĲܹΪǻȫ
ħüͷϷľľȻһ־⣬֪ΪΣԻоһǰΪǺεȵãͬһ㡣
ҪҾһֱǻ
ԴʱǿħȻǲ˺󣬵Ϊڼ䣬ԼЩѪŵǿϡ
ôãؼʱ̣ǰǵ׳ɣ
ħص͵һգһɺɫϢȻرѸٵѪŵǿߣʱҽ

վħԱߵĸֵؿһĻȫ֪ħⷬٶҪʲô
Ŷˣ㣡
ħƳһǸҲ¶Цٶһֱֻ֣ӵظϣʱҵزţоԼڵѸٵرħյͬʧģԼ
Ҫ
¶˾ɫףħҪ˵
ҪȻкã
ħЦѵص֮ܿ£ѪŵеǿߣǾرգһ߾߸ʬȥΪزҡ
֮ⷬħϢҲǱΪǿ΢΢̧ͷŰ֮еӰҲ΢΢¶һĨ̵ɫ
˫ѸٵڽӡϵطźɫϢȻħҲ׼Կһ
ֻҪõ壬һյĻҾϣͻʥʱǵҲֵˣħЦһĿⶢǻΪǿַؼĹǰҲޱȵļɵ˿Ĵ⡣
ৣ
һ˲ħȻ֮Уңң·ΪſֲĹ˫ֶǰĿռգʱؼֺɫϢסǰ۶ȥ
ħ
ħһŭȣɫ֮ӿ䣬һ޴ޱȵĺɫ޸ģ˺ѿռһ㣬һֺķʽĳ˵֮С
ɫ޸ĳ֣ʥµǿߣǸоһַĵ׵ĺ⣬ڵ飬Ȼֹͣתļ


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ңڳ˺ҲļޱȵĿǺɫľ޸ǰĹһۣ֪ʤܣڴһˣǣʤܣΪս·ķʥأⳡƽ֮£ᱻΪƽء
ৣৣ
һʥǿ߲һЩشˣһּΪѸٵٶȳ뿪ħּսʥûʸٲκˣοǣзǳڿɲνʱ
ڳʥǿߣħȫû˼ֻҪǰСӣʥ򣬶֮
̧ͷһڵľ޸УҲǸܵ˼ΪΣյϢħôĴۣҪƬ򣬶Ҫ룡
ҿЩ
һҧȻΪڵǸۻǴŵģһȣԷתʱԲ֮ڵһۿɼٶȶǰĹŻ۶
ǲյĹ۵ѾԶԶκһʩչ׻֮ŭ۵ˣˣûаֵͣ˼
оΪܳܵķѾﵽһֲĵز㷴֮˵ԶԶûдﵽޡ

ԼϿմѹϢпǱ貵Ľɫâ˾ĿУԲǧ֮ڵǾҵĶһֲּٶȶǰĹŻ۶ȥ
һԣ
ڵ۷תţΪĵķΧҲԽԽһǧһǧһǧ
꣡
ڣһǧŰռ䷶Χʱ֮ϵһƬѿһϸСѷ죬ѷĳ֣΢΢Ĳ
𣿡
һһҧֲֿٶȱǣʱΪģǧĿռеǷĶǰ޴ĹŻ۶
ۣ
ԭͺӴľ֮ʱѾǱʹ˽֮࣬һɫѪ޴ϱŷ
ʱǰĹţѾһС͵һôˡŸĿռǼŤΪռ䶼֧һ㣬һռѷͬһ㣬ϵš
䣡
ĺɫϢϿշĻţǱԭЩõĺɫ޸ʱѾͬʵһ˰֮ϡңǱԭǧ״Цĺɫ޸ڲϵţϵֺɫâĴⶼһ㡣
ߵĶʵ̫󣬼Զ뿪ʥǿߣҲ̲סĿͶ˹ǶⳡսΪؼıǽһζˣķʧܣһĴ
ʥʥҲ΢УɫϾ֮ɫǸоõǺɫľ޸ǰĹţֵܵģǴǺɫ޸֮ϣܵһֿ״ݻǵ
֪ܷħ
޾ѹ֮ĺɫ޸ٿǲʥһĨ֮ɫʥʥˣҲûнģֻܽĹעżս֮жŵ֮ɫ
ħǰǱɫ޸аɴСʱͣʱǺɫ޸ѾȫʵʻˣһֿԿٵذ֮ɢ˵
СӣҪǰΪϣ룡
ħЦЦ֮оǱɱ˫һգšǰɾ޸ݺݵĶ·ŭ¡
ħƣ
䣡
ռħŭ󣬺ɫ޸ֱǻΪһɫХЯžĺɫϢһֿٵ֮ƣݺݵĳȥ
꣡
ħ֮طǱ˺˿һ޴Ŀռѷ
ƣõʥǿɫһ䣬ʥ˼ˣ嶼ǲɵĽ
ңԶ֮Ŀ۶ǿߵĶšϽǵϣǻΪˣ
׻֮ŭ
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ЩƵľл󣬾˫ͫ΢΢һԥһĹŶűµħӭȥ
꣡
֮ռҲǴϱҫ۵ĹǺɫľ޸Ҳ٣˾ĿУ綴˿ռ䣬ݺݵӲһ
䣡
ײ˲䣬ûо˵ıը׻֮ŭǹţޱȵĺɫ޸֮£ѿ˼ϸСѷ죬ϳ֮ƱͣǱɫľ޸ѹȥ
ϣҲ޷Կ㣬Ψ֮һ;
ħЦһ˫һѹǺɫľ޸ʱǱŷ˺ɫĹâ貵Ĺѿ˼ѷ죬֮Ҳ˼֡
С𣡡
𣡡
ĻĿнǳ˽֮ɫǶԴҲ޿κΣǵʵɢһ˿ˡ
ˡ
貵ĹżڻΪʱȴǶȻ̣һЩѾ䵽ϣǣǺɫľ޸ȴҲ޷Ÿѹ䡣
ˡˡ
صǹ֮дǹԭ鲼ѷ죬Ȼڴ˿̻ĺ£
ôܣ
ĻħǵЦҲǶȻ̣һĻźȻԼ֮ɫӿֶ
ģɲң
ħȻ䣬ĺ쳹ǰĹٶȱҫ۵ĹâϲĿУħӴ֮ȻըѳһȱڣһɰɫĹҫһ
͡
׵ĺɫ޸ֳ֮£ȻֱӱһɫЩɫɢ˲䱻ˢӰ٣ûгֹһ㡣
Щɫɢ޴ħһۿɼٶħǲŵĿбݻ١
ݣ
ǰĹţڳˢħ֮ȻˮòʮɴСһƿ֮ǹһֲռ䣬ֱħȥ
ôܣʲô
ħв˼ĿţĹԼħڵˣ֪һȻħ˫ӣɫħбӿǵĹǰγһ޴ĺɫϡ


745 ħ
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Ȼɫڹĳ֮£ֱͬһ㣬ڽӴһǣǺɫϱѸٵıڡǵһ㣬ħĿУֱǴ͸˺ɫϣݺݵĺϡ
ˣ
Ļħǿʼ͵ǳһѷ죬һƺɫħ
ôܣôܰϵУ
ħŵŭţǿľǰצ΢̧ңңһա
أ
צµǣħӴҲڴʱȻը
СӣǶģԪ֮ϢѾˣƾʥ޷ֵǵĽģ
캳صıըͬյһһ㣬·ĴضһҵĲڰв籩Уħ˻Ҳǻص
в籩һֱ˰Ĺ򣬲ǻɢȥ籩ɢȥͬʱŵĿ⣬ҲǼæĿ˹ȥ
ֻԭħڵĵطʱѾʣһƺܿ죬һƺҲšԭǿü޵аڵħʱȻѾɱʣˡ
Ӯˣ
ңԶ֮ʥǿжޱȾ㵵һĻ֮쳹
ͷʥǿҲľ֮ɫĿ֮жϲ֮ɫӿ
ʱǻΪҲһŽɫâ˸ٶȻΪΡϣһƬƬۼ׽סˣ£ۼ׷ľĹâ

ڰеҲһĴڵĴϢţֻоƣ֮ϯ
ڽˡ
ͷ֮󣬱˫ĿһգֱĴӰ֮е¡
С𣡡
𣡡
ͬʱһӰǴԶӶǻδϵ֮ʱȴͻأͣھ治֮󷽲ڵϡ
Сӡ
֮ǺʱòȫѷɫԼŮŮӶ̬ȣҲ̲סǷһĨЦңŮУһǼ亱ĴԪ֮塭
𣡡
𣡡
ĸߺ֮ڷʥصĵ쳹ʥǿ߶Ǹߺô֣ⳡƽٵͷȻվ˳ǻɱǿ󵽿ֲħٲȻѾΪʥǿߵżĿꡣ
˵Ϊʥ֮
ʥΪο̾һƽеʥˮ֮У֣עʥʷ֮У˶ǡҲţĴ£ʥضȻ۷ʱ̵ĻԻ͡

ڽһƽ֮󣬽ʱ䣬ɱħͬһ㴫ʥʥǺ䶯
ǳƽȻʱ䣬ĴСŵɱ֮±Ѫţеûеֿ֮δ뵽һѪţȻһѸײڶ֮Ƶٶȵ£ǿħһ¡
ѪŴĺƽٽ󣬷ʥصҲǳô˴ﵽһ۷ĳ̶ȣ״ݻٸʥصѪŶˣʥ֮Уķʥۣ
ңʥ֮УԪʥغȱʥر׵Ĵݻ٣ʥغʥصϳҲǱһ׻֮ŭǶϷħóģԲûдݻٷʥأҲõ÷ʥأΪʥУΨһһûܸĴġ
ڽһʱУʥ֮Ҳ𽥵һЩؽЩΪ׵ıǺʥغʥأΪ˷ʥ֮⣬Ψʥأʥǿߡ
ȻʥغͺʥؽˣǵʵԶǰҲ൱Ĵڷʥر˼ľ⣬ں֪Ǻĳ֣Ҳǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ڼʶʵǿıʥһͦʥشʱѾٲȻԷʥΪˡ
ڸԷʥΪ׵̬ʥصǲ÷񣬲ûк͵Ԫʥһ㣬һҪԼģǵжֻΪҪʥأҽһЩԹ˽ѡ
ںƽ֮ʥѾ𽥵ƽٷϴˣƬأչٶȱΪʢĹʡ
ƽ֮󣬺Ҳȥ뿪֮ʱռһЩĲϡΪһεӲսõúٶЩ
ƽȻȥˣʥеһЩ߲Ҳû˶ͣǶʱ̱ž裬Ϊҿɶǵħ֮ǰ˵Щһƽٹȥˣ˵һ죬ֽеڶѪŵĳ֡
ʥеķзؽͬѾΪʥΪĿķʥУھݵؽ֮󣬵ƽȻʥԺ֮Уǣףⳡƽȡʤ䣬Ѿǵȥ
ڷʥУһǺһץһ߰ŹŵӣյӵĹģڿ̡ѹ֮ҲӴޱȡ
һµϢѾָòˣľҲֱͻƵ߾
죬ڷʥ֮УΧʱŷʥصĵ߹Щ߹ĵӽһĽĺкԶһͨŮӣźЩ
ЩԼкĵӣҲûһӣ΢ЦͷЩ˷ܡ翴Լĵӣﶼ΢΢滺һ㡣
ڣǰķʥѾʽλΪһķʥڵĻԪʥţҲ׳
ǸȥûػԪʥʥǸнˡ
صԪʥУڶĵӣҲǹһĨЦ⡣
ںͷʥصĸ߲к֮󣬱׼һͬصؾȥҪڵľַ뻹ҪͨؾܻȥΪڱչأҲûн֪ǴԪ֮壬ֵõ޼ʥĴУֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬佫ĳɾ;ԲѪŵħҪ
ʥ˴ȥҲԿؾûʲôɫӡ
ңһ߽ͨؾͨһ߶Ц˵ʥҲиˡ
ңĳƺѾϰΪˣǰǽңʦңҪԼϼɣϾ޹زɷԲݿǷʥصʥ˰
ʥһʱ㣬Ӧûûʥʱɣ
ǺǣǻʥĸһʥʥʥŮ˴ʥڷԼʵԣǺʥ˵һǾؾ֮ٿһʥңЦŽ͵
Ŷ
˵ͷЦһ߰ɣҲ˳㿴ؾЩ


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죬Ĵ󳬼ʳĻϯλ֮У΢΢ͷǳʳĻ˻ֺڶʳĻŸϽл
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һ䲻ʸ񣬶ʱõֺһ䡣
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Ȼֺ̻£ǻһǰӣŭ
ÿĻʳʢᣬܻô಻ʶȤмʳǰ󳬼ʳеʢУȻҲУǾûʢô࣬ңǳʳȻ˸ҲĻõ޼оԼܵơ
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׼ֺ߻ϯλ֮ʱǻĮǶȻ𣬶ʱõ̴ֺվԭء
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ǻʳϯλе⻰ҲЩˣҲæֺ߳ǰǻһ
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һƣңΪٴǻϣֺ̣ˣԺߵʵǾԽӲһƵġ
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ȿȡҩڼɿȼڿȳѪ֮󣬲Ұ׵ɫҲǺһЩ
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751 ֻʶ
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ղţµǵҩɻУƴ˵˭ǻϵʱõòеŻȻʡ
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753 Լ
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ৣ
һӣήĵĻ֥ǴӻӳΪһѻɫĻҽɢһԵĵϡ

Żһڲס䶯ŵѪɫҺ壬Ҳ΢΢һһĻ֥ľҩɫҺˡ
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Ȼһ֮ʱЩ䶯Һ嶸ȻһѪҺ˲仯ΪһѪ˿ΧĻɫײȥͷȻҪȥһ㡣

˫ͫһһڻɫıϱǳһĤһĶЩѪ˿ײĤʱ䶼΢΢
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Ż֮бѪ˿̲סа̾һ׼Щҩڳ֮󣬾ͻ˷ˡ
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ҩ޳ҩľеʣһֻҪʮӵӣĻ֥ȴȻҪ࣬ڽ߾ܿƵĻѾЩɫĻ֥е쳣̣һʼϵŵڶҪʮӣŻһ˿ʴ³ķ˽ʱʱ䣬ǽĻ֥еʸȫ޳
ʾȥѪɫҺ壬øΪԲ󣬾ɫҲǱ͸˲١
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Ϣ֮ٴλ˻֣һ꺱еǧɺٱͶ˻֮С
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ǧɺһ𻨷ĸʱĹõҲǸеЩƣѣ߾ģЩ֧Ųסˡ
ڽǧɺһŴɫҺƿкû̫õϢٶóһζҩģͶ֮С
ҩĸɺɫҹ췱˸ڷ쵺ԱߵСϣ̶ſڴǰǻŻɫâ͸¶ĸ¥֮Уһ˿֮ɫ
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һҲŰķģڽҩȫҲǺúõϢʱ䣬Լľ鶼ǻָ۷״̬ǿʼС
ƷҩԪѰƷҩںϣҪ
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˾£뿪ɣôطҪס̶һںתͷȥߺߵ˵
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峤»СҡҡͷҲǴ˵ģȻˣҲû˼ˡ
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ݴ½ȥݴ½ĸ֣ɫ΢΢һ䣬Щصʵ
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755 Яͬ
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ħʥĿĿɲʲôԪ֮壬˵ǰѪΪһŵлᴩ޾ʥġ
˵һεʧõѪʧأʥֵطʧȻõħģΪѩ裬»ĲƸŻȡٴνٵĻᡣ
ȻдԪ֮壬ݴ½ٵѣҪݴ½Ƭ򣬿Ҫ޴Ĵ۵ģңħʥ򣬴ѴԪ֮ôۣҪе־޴ķգݴ½¶Ҫһˡ˵꣬ǿȻڸߺ߲صһ㡣
峤ѾһĨЦ˵еļᶨ֮ɫҲõúЩΡ
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ߣɱƭңǲңҾԼȥ㣡̶һ
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ٺ١ʲô򵥵Ůӣôأʯ壬鷳;ԳֽѾͷٶȿһЩ˸׵Ĵ¡국һЦ
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߾ǿһۣͻȻ̤һ˫ָ߱һ㣬ӶȻڰоһӵĽź̶ͷ£̶ýʵʵ
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ǣǵĺûش𣬶һų֮Ʒ磡

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Ӱεض𣬶ͷȥӿƼΪ
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СӣƲԳԷƣ֮ɱԹֵ
Ǿߵ߾ǿЦеľҲ
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ȻϵЦδ̫ãתΪ˴֮ɫֻǰȻƹ˸ǱǼһɢſֲµĻɫǳǰֱһ̬ϯ
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ľ֮£ɫĻ治ûбϨ𣬷ȼյøΪңڻɫһӴߵצʱʱһսζɢ

߾ǿ߳ʹĴһǻɫĻǺݺݵĺؿڣ˱ǼղŻ͵ˣֱǱĵɶǱײһŲ
ײһŲˣ˶ǰ࣬رǿǼһؿڣõƤֱǸϵЦҲǱýӲȻҲδϵԼҪ᲻ٵļһȻܹɵĻ߾ǿߵ֡
ȻҲֻǸս߾ûã˾ͨϻ֮һȹ߾ǿߣҪʱҲǲܵģѵ˵СѾ߾ǿˣ
۾ǻź̶֮źâͳǴ˳Ǻǣ벻ֵطȻһֵĽɫǳ¼ҵҲҴŲٵ鷳
껰䣬ΧĲˣҲɫƵĶ𣬲ƶ䣬ֱǽͺ̶Χ


757 Э
ĻɫҲǳ׵ͲʲôƱ֮󣬺߾Ȼ˲ҲõЩŭǶ֮£һûƽϣڻҪͱˣߣӹʲôƨ¼ңմ󣡡
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Ȼ׵˺ѿطߣֱԼŨɱ˸һգһ˸ϸǳУϸ֮ϣһµתȻҲһƷп
ԼĪŶʮ߰ˣʵ൱ɢϢǰֵ߾ǿ߻ǿһ˿Ѿȹ߾ʵǿߣң;Ⱦ磬ȻҲ൱ġǿԴ֧ţȹ߾ʵǿǼѵ顣
ӵ߾ʵټ֮Ȼ൱ţʵǷ۾۰ǣһܹʤߣҲǼٵĴڣԣȻϿȥСǰ
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أ
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Ǳأɫһ죬Ϸ·ûܵʲôơ״Ҳҵ֣ղڴк֮ʱѾ֣ϷǴһǿڼףȻԼղܽ϶һһǱڼ׸ֵ
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ڸղʱǷϸѾԽ˼ƷѾһ˿ˣȻһƷ
ȻֻƷֵԶԶ˼ƷΪģѾֹǿԴˡ֮ʱһ˿ԣһ˿ԣҪ;Ѫ߽Ե϶ȣ϶ԽߵܷӳҲԽ
һ϶ȺܸߵһʦٵǿߣԿԽԽĺ蹵ɱһ߾ǿߣ
ɴ˿ԿһǺεĴڡ
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ƺûиܵΧЩ仯һ㣬ǹĨЦ⣬ڣƵķѾǿʼתһ˿޵ĲĴ壬һǱĻɽһ㣬ʱпͬɽ緢һ籡
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ǻиƾ߾۷ʵʰǼ򵥵飿ƲƲ죬Щʵ˵
Ļ±ĬȻ˵Գ֣Ҳܴȴ޷ɱĻǾͻֶһˣмʱ䣬ʨ޽׵ʱˣҪеȥΧɱʱôһ׵ļһ̫ǡ
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СҲ߾ܸ̫ܵΣգҲŲֶΣǶҲûܽ¡ҴʨĿɲǳ¼ңƳǵңСӽɾǽƵǱȥˣƽ׸ԼƽһѲĶ֡±
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Ƚʨ޽ֻҪǵõ侧ˣұаһͻƵ߾ɣϣʥ֮ʱһжˣٽСѰ±嵭˵ĻҲ͸һɭɱ⣬óԸղΪҲǼΪˬġ
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һöˣ̺žĵ֮Ȼϧ̶ȻȲϵˣҲǼΪѵ֮ˡңܵõǶ߾ǿ˵ż棬ͻƵʥĪĺô˿Ƴ˺̶һۣ˵侫Ѫ˵һѵõĲƷ˵ܹ˴ͻƵ߾ء
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Ҳһ߾۷ǿߣǿߵҲ¼Ҳ£ĻȻһʱзֳʤҲҵĻˡһ̫ǿҲûˮˡ
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ңɽУ𻹸ܵһּΣյĿϢϢõЩëȻǱ˴еĿ꣺ʨޣ
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һλĳ¼֮Ҳͬ̽ӵƵ룬Ȼе˼ǲġΪʨ޵ľˣ¡ҶȻٲһҵĽˡ
ֶڰȴǿֲѣǶԽңԼĻԽ
ʱ䣬գ۱ȥˣУƬּɲ֮бεĽ֣еǱҺͳ¼ңȻֻֻֽСģģҲԱͬʱҲõ˫ŵҲӵŨΪʨ޾˵Եʣǿʹˡ
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760 ְ
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761 ʥ
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죬ͬһʱ𣬶󣬳±ƽǴӰ֮е£һӰӶӰڰ֮Уʧˡ
ÿֲļһ
ڴеڿ߾۷ǿ߽һ˲Ǳʨ޽˺Ҳһ󷢺ͷʨ޵ʵ±һЩսʥǿ߻Ҫֲ
ҡˣ
Զ¼ҺҵԼļȻû˿ֿ֮ıɱҲǺȻ֮ɫǼûаԥ֮ɫǷĶĴݶ
Ĵݵˣʨȴûٴɱ䣬ֱЩһǶͷȻɹȴ±˳û˵ʨ޷˹ȥ
𣡺𣡡
ͷʨ޵ʬԱʱֲˣѪѾ˵ʬ壬ͷʥʨ޶ʱǷŭ
⣡л뿪
Ȼüͷһ壬оʨǿֲϢȻǷɿϯ˲ϢĹ򣬱סԶڰ֮ûȥ˼֣ںͺ̶˵һαǶǰӶȥ
أ
Զڰ֮ʨ޽һ壬һɵӺȻ֣ӴΪһɫ磬ȥ
ȥӲ
ܵǵŭĿֲϢһּٶԼ׷ɫҲǱޱ
ǰֻʨ޵ľѾԼװǲ֪ΪΣͷʥʨȻܹܵõ
ڷɿӴܼ䣬ԴҲڷٵ˼ţھԵǰҲûʲô취Ƕ飬ʹ׻֮ŭҲǼСģϾһͷԵħޣܸʱ׻֮ŭ
˼䣬ͷʥʨѾǾʮˣȻûע⵽̶Ȼϵľ˱Ӧˡ
𣡡
һŭһޱȳ֮󷽴ûʱֱһŶ֮ϣ͵ƶҵľ롣


762 ƽ
䣡
ոӿһųɫĻǰڵλúӶݺݵǰĴּ䣬ʱһ쳹𣬴ֵһƬֱǱһʮɴСӣɫҲǴл
Ȼ㿪Ż棬ޱȳȵϢǽҲۣճ˻ҽ
˻
ֱϴĳ֮УõЩ̲סһԶͬȼǿߣ¸ղһ£ֱ۾ͺһΪҽˡ
⼸ĹУͷʥʨѾ׷һ仰õƵЩѪ
ĶȻҳͬľѪ
ͷʨ޵ϵŭʱµĲ˲ǵѪ
ʱҲĿЦԼΪͷʨܸӦˣԲ׷ģû뵽һоȻԵʡ
ʱȴһޱȾȵ飬ȻûвصԼУֻཱུСվһֻǰָűҪϼǧʨޣŭСëʨӣүľѪǿձүǰƢľˣ벻˱үķۣ
һĻõñŭʨôҲ벻ͨһֻôСȻҲ³ԣ
Ҫ֪ݴ½ʥЩɲͬݴ½֮ϣΨжȹʥ׽٣ǵ蹵ħޣſԿԡǰͷСôҲһͷôǿħޡ

Ȼȿŭ⣬Ҳ̲סЩ㶣˿Ӵʨޣٿ˿˼̲סĬѾ׼ȼԼеˡ
һȼԼеĻԼҲ˵Ľ֣п鲻ȶʱǱըɽʬ޴档
СӣүûǰʨǼһﶼڱүǰһƨ⻹ǳүˣ
䣬ԽԽȻǴһԾʨ޵ͷϡ
ʨ𣿣
֣ͷʨ޵һĨη֮ɫʨӦżѹġ
Сӣëӣү㣬㣡
һ͵ʨǸ˼ұǿ״ʱһ֣һźߵıӣϷ·һصĹһ㣬ʨϵĻھߵķΧǲٿˡ
㾿ʲô
૵˵ͻȻ𣬺ڽݴ½֮󣬷Ǳһˣһͷһ㣬Ȼ߷ǳ͵ţǲְƽڿƬ½֮ʱһڲ鿴Լһ㡣
磡
ȻһĪ֮쳹𣬶ǼֱǱ׷ɶڿʱֻӻڲϵĻšЦҡҡͷһѽסߡ
ԼһˣʨҲһĨ֮ɫܿ죬һĨ㵱Ǳŭıɱ⡣
⡭
ʨı仯а̾һɫһ׼ȼյеӴܣҲʱһϤõͣס˶
ң
һϵƬּ쳹𣬶ǼһϤӰ˺ѿʣӰ֮󣬻һͷıˮޡ
ƽ壿
ƽ壬ЩŵĽе
𣡡
ʨŭһĶһͷϷŪе֮ɫ¶š

һ˿ŭƽе³һǧɵƥ͵ĴкХΪһֻ޴ޱȵƣʨ޺ݺݵĻ¡
ֻ֮ϵ·ɼһֻϵľƣƬռ䣬֮¶Щ΢΢Ĳ
ĿУʥʨ˵Ѿס޷һ֮£ߵֱǱúݺ׹¡
أ
֮һȻľƬּ쳹һȦʵʻ籩Բϯ֮ǱĴݻ٣һʱ䣬һƬбǱľĲм֡
ãſ趯ǻŶȥïּܴ¶˽ɻɫĴأǴص룬һǧɵӡУʨ޵ǴΨżΪһµ֤š
ƽ壬ÿֲʵ
ͷȫû֮ǰϣۼ׶鲻ʨޣޱȵ̾Ǵæһƣǽһͷʥʨ޸ش
ǰԼȻ²ƽ߾ǿߡܹ׵Ļһͷʥʨ֮ˣʥУҲ൱ǿĴˣ
ˣ
Ȼȵǣ֮ʱƽűˮǰһ񣬹Ľе
ٶȻʵҲָĲ˰
𿪿ڣϵȴǳϣһƨĵ˵ͷ߼ͷ
ˣƽǽ㣿
ҲǾ֮ˣʱȻޱȵ𾪣ѹеʵ
ϻ˱ү˭ԳƴˣСԴһİȻ֮ɫȴ֪⻰Щ
ʲô⣬ȻҲر
֮ŲʨһֱŤСƨɶ˹ȥƽıˮҲһĨ˷֮ɫӿ֣ͺһƨƨߵĸ
Ȼһʨش֮ʱȥպߵľѪ
ƽ壬ô¡
ʱ̫ɻˣüͷ̲סʵ
겻㶼ɳһ˰
ƽ忴οЦһǽݴ½ʱұǸ֪ˣΪЩ⣬Ҳʲô⣬Ͼ͸ҹˡ
СӵʱȻݣ֪ڰħ֮ʥϾͻ֣֮ƽΪп̾
ʲôѵħ˲ɣ⻰ɫҲ̲סһ䡣
ݴ½ǿ֮£ӹЩӹУΪǿıڰš
ƽ˶٣ԥһᣬǿ˵ħѪţڰеһš
ڰţֱħڡħڣħţ޻š޵š޽ˡѪšš޲źšʥѪţʵڰ֮ǰеȵλãڻŲСĲࡣ
ʥΪҪĿĲչԴСˣǽʥҪıΪҴ˺͵ۡ


763 ׵칬
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ǸˣӦþˣۣȴǲ֪ʲô
׵ۣҲǴ˵ĵһϡᵽۣƽҲĹâɫЩȻ˵
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׵۵һʥ޼ʥʥʥͨʥʥʥɽʥƽʥ
һϤĳƺƽ¶˻֮С
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ʱɵ뵽õĴУ޼ʥĴУѵƽе
ƽеƽʥɣһѵ
죬Щɻʵڿ΢΢˵ͷиޱȡ
һֱԼ󣬳˻˵ְͽṴ̊Ժ˯Ȼݴ½ߵ
ǳشսУǰ˴ʥѾʣµҲܵ˽شǧǲǻָһЩʵ
ƽһ˿ʺʹ֮ɫĿ⿴̲ס˵һô콫ġǵƻָͬʱ걻׵۴ƴӡ޻ʣҲ³ļˣ
޻ԱŰΪƴ׵ۣϧ¾һأһصѪԹۣһУڼǵ顭
˵ƽ̲סЩЩҲ̲סһڼǵ鱻¾ʲôĺ֮˲´˵Ȳ̵ʱĳָǺεȵѪɺӣ£һƬУȫѪ֮ɫŰɡ
ȵ޻Ƴӡ֮ؼ䣬½Ϳ̿Ϊ˳ƺԼƣóģƽ˫ȭգԵĿռΪķŭһŤļ
޻һΪǷ켫ʥҲδĶ֣οҲŲǵƽɫһҧҧ̲ס˵Ҫ˵
ЩɫҲʮֵأһɫµĿƽ壬ƽʵҪЩʲô
ʱѾ֪ƽ˵ģƷʦҪԼİǰں߾Ҫˡ
ȻʻƽҲûأֱ˵ۻ˻Ρ
ۻ𡭡Ǻǣ׵۵ĵۻ𣿡ףԼʶеػʲôˣѹһֱԼôܡ
Ҳǿ㣬ڵǿзۻ𣬶ȻҲ˼ĸ㵽Ʒʦ֮ʱʱľԳһ壬һҲᰲȫࡣƽ˵
ԣ˼һ˵ƽ壬İɣҵƷʦۻȻύġ
ڵҪֶλ̷ԼǶһ޶۵ĵۻȻ󣬲ĵǲ˵飬͵ΪǸδıۣҲȻѡۻ
ƷʦΪһǾߵһ޴ĺ蹵̤ƷǱ൱̥ǣԳһ壬𻵣Ծ
һ蹵ҲǽƷʦ֪жֹһҲиƷʦڳƷʧܺʧϡ
ΪҪƷʦͱҪԳһ壬ڵ蹬Ϊ֮ǿ֮ˣ蹬ҲԾ̫ڡ
ҪΪһ壬ֻҪʧǾͻ蹬飬߾ɢΪһɵӣߵ
ݴ½ƷʦҲָκһƷʦǸ£ֺõĶ
ǾͶлˣУǻҪݴ½ߵĻмǲҪ˵ʵչ¶
ƽ˵ͷ˽̸䣬ڲԶУӰǳԱһ㣬ҡҡĶ߷˹ͦŸСǰ棬ˮһĸš
ŵСӣɲϴյ˲
ǰһ޳ģֱӻصļϣС³һͨľˣЩ۲˵
ˣһȥɣ
ƽǷǳԱ˯̽Եʵ
ȥȥȻȥɣٻƽʻȴֱӻ˻Ӿܾˡ
ĻƽҲ֮ɫֻܽĿͶ
ȿȣ硭
ҲǸɿһƽ˵ЩȻǴʱҲ˼ǿźˡ
һ֮£ʣµĻҲ˻ȥҲΪεʼɲΪԼ˵һͻ뿪
ҲաҪңֱ¥ɡƽҲҡҡͷЦ˵
š˵ͷֵ
𣡡
ʱԶһϲһӰҲһּٶȷ˹Ǻ̶ʱ֮ϻԵۣȻղôֲĳΪѾ
̫ˣ㾹Ȼû£
̶ֱһͷУϸС֮ҲǴ˳
ɵϣ˿ءҲЩ۵§ź̶΢΢ļ򣬰죬Ц˵

⻰̶СԴ˳ڿһЦ⿴һޣʱͨ
㡭ô˵
̶ףЩֵĶһһ˫СнšΪ˵ڼȻȻʱȻЩʧأû뵽ôһĻȻ޻һ߿ˣõƤͺܱĺ̶Щ͡
̶ƽ壬ˮޡЦŶԺ̶ܵ
̶ƽ塣
̶Ҳ΢΢ǷƽһҲűˮ޵˵ͷĲƽϣһֱ׻ҪֲϢʱע⵽ڲԶеʨޡ
С޸ǲǳƽҲЦŵ˵ͷһ仰ȴõú̶Щ졣
̶Ǳʥһˣʲôˣƽ˶٣ʵ
棬Ů̶Ҳûأش
ƣ
üͷһ壬û˵ˣһԼڱʥһضеǵֲϢ֮ˣ⺫ˡ


764 
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⡭
⻰ʱ̶һľϲЩĿ
ȥɣʱһȥġ
ЦŶԺ̶˵ͷҲҪٵԼʵҲݴһȻź̶һ·ϻϲɫʣȻ̶ֻԵȻҪúߺúðյġ
ǾͶлƽˡ
̶֪ε˿ɲ࣬ҿƽҲʲôƽ֮ˣȻԼֶ֪˼ѡƽ塣
ڶ̶Ҫ֮ļƽǴź̶ͱˮ뿪˶ֺУֻʣ
ǳҼɱʱӦûٸóȻˡ
Ƕ£֮һӰûˣ׼ʼղõöʨ޵ľˡ
ھʥǳƽ٣֪ԼҪЩҪǿƽ˵ݵĸ֣ҲõΪı
ɲ뵱ڵٷڶΣ
ָоĲܡ

һѹвȻĿ⿴ǰǿųɫľˣʥʨ޵ľˣ֮ǰͷʨ޵ľҪ̺ҲΪǿ
ǿĳ̶ȣõЩݡ
ʥʨް
̾һ⾧дĲ֮ǰԼѧԺõ˱ˡ
Կܹնٰɡ
Ŀȵöˣڰϥ£һǷת󣬴һɹ֮籡
ܣ
ǲڵ֮ö֮ϾȻųɫĻ緢Լ䣬Ȼһֿ֮
⾧ȻûԼǣʱȻķ֮
ַ֮ԣ̫߱鷳ŷԽԽתٽеתϯ֮Ҳǿᡣ
ˡ
ԽԽԵ֮ǾҲ΢΢ĲһشسɫĻӾ֮ϻΪһԴԴϵӿС
⾧̺֮ž飬ʯˣû˵ľҲǵǿʨ޽ԭ
Щʱȫ޼ɵգһĨЦݳǣ˫Ŀıϣȫ߶ŷۣϵĽеľڡ
ˡ
Щ壬ʱҵĲͳϵĴڴ
ȻΨܹĸоһ𣬱ǻһɹɼΪ֫ٺ
Ӵľע£õһֵ֮У֮£ڵļ⡢ϸǷ̰ȸԾܹӦЩܹõ׳
ɫĻ漸ǽУԡѪͬǲּΪĺôȻתһƬƬĳɫۼҲǸϣҲ̰ĽЩӿڵľա
գЩɫۼ֮ϣȻһƬƬɫƵĳ֣һּΪ˵ٶ
ˡ
ֺ֮ϣϵĴȻڰ֮УʱѾγһյѭЩԴԴϹڵš
ַ£ǰöȴǱǸֻϵĹâ΢İһЩɴ˿ɼʥʨ޵ľˣ̺ľ飬ﵽ˺εȾ˵ĵز
֮ƬֺϿ쳹ԼĪǹһյʱ䣬ȼյĳɫ淽ļǰ˵ʧȼڵ֮ʱҲδͣ
ͣ
յ˫ĿĳһǶȻ˫֮УһĨļޱȵɫĻһ
ܣ
һһӣһǳǰһεĻ棬ǻɫȻǴﵽ˿ֲɫ
û뵽һö˱ͻƵ߾۷壬ǰһö˵ĻͻƵ߾Ҳûʲôɣ
һգɫĻϨ𣬶󣬴ٴ˫ʱҲһĨŨϲɫ
ৣৣ
һջڵĳɫۼٶȽȫǣЩĳɫۼ֮ϣѾĲƣܹЩƵĸǣԡѪʵһֽ࣡٣
ڵģ֮ǰ±ƽ֣ҲܹƾԡѪڲ֮أܹһȭǴܣ
Ǻö
ЦЦлʣµһöˣоԼһεĻǳ
ֱӽöУȻ֪ǿᣬԼö˶ˮɵĹͻƵ߾ɣڸͻƵ߾ڣҪȹԼľ硣
ˣȥݴ½Ǻεģƽ˵޻µʵжǿ
ţҲٶһǻΪһֺϿգ뿪ƬֺҲȻİ
ݴ½˵ģʥ޾вܼݴ½һ
ӳ˴ֵڴ⼸յʱУһʢھ۰ǾУ巽Ƕž۰Ƿ˹ȥ
Ϊͻͽ߾۷ʱѾȥͻΪˣıǾͻƣѾƷʦ۷𣬾ƷҲֻһ֮ˣҪһЩܹĲϣֲϼϡٲҰ󣬻ִ͵ܹ
۰Ǳǰǳ¼ڵĳУڵĴ֣Ҳһ൱ңԶľ룬ϾڵĵطΧ޾ĵطȫ֮£Ҳͣķ˽յʱ䣬һͬԶް㣬ƽԭ֮ϵȻǳ֮С
ڰУǿȵʥǰ޴ĳҲһĨ֮ɫ۰ϸֻݴ½ıԵشȻ˾޴ĹģЩݴ½룬ЩڵĳУָǺεȹģ
ڿ۰ǻһСξʱҲٶС˼ֱ֣е
ʱ۰ǻһЩ룬Ѿʱ֣ڴ֮ϣȥ֣𵱳ķʥҲѶá


765 
бĿ⿴˿Ǹʵĳǽ΢΢һЦŲž۰ȥǳſ֮Ȼ൱ĿӴõô˴ӵҲŶһᣬ˳ĽӴĳ֮С
۰кվֵϣһֺĽӡԴˣǲδ̫ĸпڳѰһĿջ·һЩ鸡ȹ˲٣ִĿĵأҪһ
ڿջϢһҹ΢Щƣľ񷽲ǻָ˹ͬʱڿջУҲǵõ˲ٹھ۰ǵһЩ鱨
ھ۰УССʮ֮࣬ڶУƾ۰ǵףһ𲢲İĳ¼ң¼ҼϢʱδɢȻǳ¼֮ڽţڶҸӵĳУ֪¼ҵĶ֧ˣǳ¼ҿҲ޷Ǹλˡ
ǿıǳҶң
һصıظһεⱦظһֲٰ죬˵ظɲھ۰ŲκһУǵӰӡΪظһԵʣĶ̶̼ʱУ۰еһֲֿٶţȻͬ˼ûкõı֮ˣ
𵽴۰ʱῪʼѾֻʱˣڽʱУڵõһЩ۰ǵ鱨ҲûǰĴڿջ֮һȹ飬һ;ֱ峿˽յ˫ۡ
峿ʱ֣ӵ֮Ǵ洫յľ۰ǱҪΪ֡泳ӵҲҡҡͷ߳ջȻڵȥ
ںֵطҪٰᣬΪҪıǾٰ췽ʵȻĻһЩǿƷ鼫пܻ֣ϾϣۺδʵΪʲôģֵطǼΪıûʲôĻٰᣬȡ衣ңⱦظʵݴ½ûʲô˸ɣһᣬ൱аȫеġ
пٵĴһ̶ӵʱ䣬ĵطӴ˵ľҲӿֹһĨ֮ɫ
᳡֮⣬Ŵظĵά򣬽᳡ŲͨһЩͨεҡҡͷǶǸͨȥ
ͨ᳡Ϊ߼ֻͨһЩ˷ʸȥȻһʯҲǿԴ᳡ģӦ᳡ӵһż䡣
ڽʮƷʯǴͨУһŮĴ죬˳᳡¥ϵһż֮Уż䣬ͬҲҪʮƷʯ
Ǵӳ±ŪһǧƷʯЩۣڵҲһСˡ
᳡ļʦкö
źɫҵ𣬿ĽЩϣŮ˵ôᣬһǧƷʯȻ٣ЩĵʱΪʯԵʶһЩö㽫ʣµöʨ޵ľ˸ˡ
õó¼ҺƴĶҲһΪļ۸񣬶ҪͻƵ߾ɣֻҪ⣬ɻʱͻƣ⾧˶ôҲǺܴˡ
ǣˣԵȡ
ܹż֮ˣʲôв֮ˣȻߴźɫңݶδ¶ˣŮȻҲǼֲԸⱩ¶֮ˣһǷȥ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ŮǴһŶ롣
ˣλ᳡ļʦëɭʦŮܵ
ŮĽܣڶµҲ΢ɨһǸߣֻ⣬һϮظĹΣ֮ϣһĨεĸ֮߰ɫÿһλʦرĶ
ŶԷͬʱǸëɭʦҲڴȫںе޳Ӱëɭʦüͷźۼ壬ǶְҵЦݣλǴʲô
ⶫ㿴ܲܲμӴ˴ᡣ
Ŀ֮£Щϸɬ
ȿȣǸĶѾ˳һƷ޷ëɭʦüͷܾĻǴѿڶһ˲гһöɫһȼյľˣĻȻֹ
⡭ǣʨ޵ľˣëɭʦЩеľˣ֮ͬһ˹
ϧϧһ⾧˱ļ۸ܹٷˣ
ëɭʦҲһλʦһ۱ǿ˳⾧ǰӦǾʥһ
ܸҰⳡ𣿡ͷҲų̂ɬǴ˳
ǺǣȻû⣬ͽĶȥңϱĳ
ëɭʦЦͷȻ⾧˲ʥʨ޵ľˣʨ޽ݴ½Ҳһö亱ųȥͻĶ
ˣžǱظĹƷܾŵ۵Żݣʱ⾧ʯҲὫ価Ĵž֮С
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ʲôЦ蹬ģһǿʱſɿٳһƻǽ˵ľţʱ򲻽ΪᵴȻ޴棬ǡ
ִۣǣ̲סĲȷͨƷʦ
Ҫƻ蹬
ٵıţȻҲǼΪ˰֮һ͵ĽҲһĨᶨ
ԵûУ̸δɾͣ


770 ƺ
ؾ֮ʱ׵ƻˣǺ壬ȴǱ֮ǰĸҪǿ֮ࡣ
˾Ҳû˿ԥ˫Ŀգһ蹬ǰʱ蹬ʶоһϸСĹ㣬ƮţǺޱȵľš
עǵ㣬һ蹬к嫵ľڴʱȻһּ˾˵ٶǺޱȵľ蹬лΪһŲһȭͷСľԲԲ޵ĽӽʵʻֲֿĲ߾۷ǿߣеּɵ
ѹﵽһµʱǾԲͻȻʼٵĲȻǾԲϣһѷ쿪ʼѸٵӿžԲ飬һֲľ֮һ䱩˳
䣡
˲Ǻ蹬ϣʱһɻĲϯ׵һ蹬̼ǳ׵ıը˿
壬ҲڴʱĲ蹬飬еĺ嫾Ҳ糱ˮһӿ˳
¶𵱼˿ԥǿԺдľʹ֮УæЩʧȥ蹬Լÿľ
ʱЩŰʶĴʱǿľһѶԼΪ
ˡ
Σʱ̣һ߼ĿЩ񱩵ľһ߽Լ顢Щ񱩵ľγһɫĸĤ
ĤǼ˲ƬӵĹ򣬱Ǳ񱩵ľ˺˿
ˡ
ڸĤ˺ѣЩ񱩵ľϯʶʱʶеһػ΢΢Ĳ
һεǰסʶЩ񱩵ľΧˮйͨʱ䣬ʶеľҲûʧȥơ
лǽޱȣ蹬Ѿ飬ۻȻܹʱԼžҲԲǳ֮ƣ޷Ϊһ壬ԼγһͬۻһĴڵĻôͻʧأӶľһɢǸʱҲܵױȵĴ
ڵȻΣգϾǾ̫֮ˣԴʱҲû̫ңһ䣬֮ͬǰ蹬ǰٿžʼ仺һ
嫵ľӿ䣬󻺻ĻۣʱľʵʻҺһ㣬ţһͬǵۻһĻ棬ҲȻ͡
ĿЩһĿʼظεĶڵҲǺʱãǻĽһĳθ˳
Լʶһ΢ЦĻ棬ҲǹһĨЦ⣬ܹܵһ俴СĻУŶôֲ
עεĻ棬Ҳ̲סſϲ֮ɫӿһ嫵ľ糱ˮһӿǻ֮С
Ȼľ֮еĿϲʱǳ׵ıΪ͵ķ֣֮Уûγѭļ
蹬ǰֻҪУһֹҵİ֮Уڣָоûһ˿һ
Ȼ߳εĻ棬δȡ蹬Ч
ΪʲôѾΪһˣûȡ蹬Чأ
ٵתţԼĲԼ棬ƺȱʲôһ㣬һʱ䣬Ҳ벻ȱٵľʲô
ʱĻţͷҲ̲ס΢ڻǺͷѵԼʧ
һ˿˿亹̲ס͸һǽϵ·ʪˣһѾȫˡ
˵ʱʶеǶۻȻһ£һµĲɢ˳
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һû˿ĳɣǵۻ֮УʱķǱǳǰЩ൱Ϥÿһǳ̺ŲͬĶƵҩƣҲǴЩǳеõġ
ķǣûһһŵȥ۲죬ٵɨۻռ䣬ܿǷڵۻĿռ䣬һصĲֲһص֮ңܹ֮һǰֲ
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ŵۻռ봦ʱͬȻһ㣬Գɿռ䣬ۻе췱ǣС
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˻ԼʶеĻ֮УǱ⣬ȴûаĻռ䣬һǿʼ
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Ȼ֪۵ôʶкڶĴڣſٳǿռģǽзǵգ֪ʶеֱ֮
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ʱ仺ţһּͨĸоʶ֮糱ˮӿģʶʼĻع顣

ʶĻع飬һ֮⣬ǽǶ֮ϣǶ羹ȻǱһ֮һǣһһĻ棬Ȼͬ߱һ㣬ڲϵĲһҲǴӶ
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ڣϥѾнһʱˣڣûһ˿һ鲨;ɢΪͨͨһ㣬Сκ˶ܹӡ


771 
ְҲĳһ̱ƣͻȻ΢΢һϵĳʱɢأҲڴʱ
˫ҹǰһ㣬̲סС
ѹãȻ΢һ˲вǿʼָͷԼ˫޳˫ƣȴһĨЦݸֳ
ƷʦǺǣǹһܹԽĺ蹵
ݴ½żƷʦ֪ЩƷʦһ֪жôңԶľ룬ЩƷʦ蹬ǿһʵѣṳ̂һ
ܹоʱľ磬Ѿﵽһ൱ֲľ磬־磬δġ
ָоڵǸʥ۷ħδܹսʤߣһս֮ˣ⣬Ǿﵽ
΢΢˫ĿһǼʶһȼյĻ档
ǻ֮У޾ľںХ趯ľֳһֵĻ֮ɫں˻֮ı仯Ҳֱ仯õľɱһ㡣
ǻռ޴ޱȣλãҲһڶһĴڡռǵۻռ췱ǲͬռУһСĳһ㡣
һˣôæĳȥӦҲżɣ֪淢ʲô仯
ȳȥɣۻҲøˡ
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ڴ֮ϣžΥԼϣҲ̲סһ΢һʯһ֪ʱݴ½ķ츲صı仯
Ѿսô𣿡
ѪֶΣҲ̲סɫ࣬ҲҺʱݱԵشĳУܵŵĻǺɲ롣
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Ϊ̫һЩ
ʱʥҲǶѺõĵͷƽʥУǱ֪Ĳ¼߾СӣҲŲĸоġ
ƽʥ˵ģСʦǰһöǵˣһ㣬õǹĿ࿴ˡ
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ŶһﲻһˣЦ
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СӿˣٲҿҪȥˣ˼һҲûȥ׷ʣЦ˵
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΢΢һ㶣Լ޼ʥеĹĹлõöʯӡҲûаԥֱóǸ
˵ۻԼŵʱҲһůΪԼûͻһԼľ˵ġ
ʥȻûпֹǵɫ˵ǻʱȻ΢΢
Ѿͻˣİɣʧȥۻ˵ûʲôӰġڽʯӡݸʱ򣬴
ʶԼǻ棬ȻûеۻǰʵĻ棬ۻҪ߼ϲ٣ԶۻҲǷҪɡ
ŪͷĴٸҡ֪һ㣬
ˣڷ޼ʥӡѾˣλóǵʥӡ۵Ĵпɡӹ޼ʥĹʯӡͳһö״ʯӡʥ˵
ˣǺսѾ·ˣʱ۵Ĵ֮أǱ֮ߵ۵ĴУһսĻʥɫȻһͨʥ̲ס˵
۵Ĵֻʥµǿ߿Խ룬ʥµǿ߾Բң˵õˣ޻δ֮ǰаսһеİԵ֮¶š
۵ĴаɣܲԴС
죬ƽʥһҲǾȻ˵óԼʥӡʥһۣһҧԼʥӡ˳
˴ʥӡۣɿ۵Ĵ֮׻۴еĿ֮ҲȻӲܣʱһ޴Ѫȷֽݴ½չ
ǣ֮Ҳѡȵ޻ʽ٣ݴ½ҲΪһƬѪ翪۵ĴУܷлĻԵȻ˵ڶ̶̲ʱ䣬һԽʥܹ޻ʶԿǿߣǲܵ飬Ҳ˵ϣ
ڿ۵Ĵкϣܾá
߿ΪһϸߴУ˵ʵۻңҲδܹǸ硭
Ļ΢΢һ㶺Ҳǲźۼĵ˵ͷ
ǸǿߣȻûмƬ½֮УǣҲֻǸ˵Ѿ˵ĵۺ޻ʴﵽǿҪﵽǸ磬жôļѡ
ΪǧǰǺ͵ͬĴڣ󣬵ѾưݵʱǴʥ۷壬ǧˣʵҲԼΪޡ
رڼǧǰǳشսУҲ˼ĴˣֱڲſָҪƾۻﵽ˵еĵ־磬ʵЩѡ
ˣ仰Ҳֻж˵Ͼϣиϡ޻ʼ٣˾޴ѹǿŲҽ˵ȥĻ˼п߽⡣


772 
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·֮ҲεҡҡͷʥʱҲǴһЦ⿴źߣȻûпΪ˵˼
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˵ʵԼҲվǾעҪ縺޴ΣǴʱѾﻢˣҡҡͷһʶǾɱ˵ľϯ˲ϢĹ򣬱ǽԲС
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뷨ȻʥҲ뵽ˣرڸܵǿõǶЩɵľʱѾû˿֮⣬еģǶͬȼǿߵء
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ҲǰƷʦСӣȻѵһʦ𣿡
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⼸ؼ伫Ϊǿߣһ;ۺʱһʮ͵꣬ȻǲָоǿҲš
ĻУҲĵ˵ͷĿ⿴еİ˿ʥӡţһѪ˰еİ˿ʥӡ
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ڲжɢĳ֮⣬ʱһ㱨ĸ߲㴫˹ȥ
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̳֮ڰŵĸ߲ԣǴӦһ󣬹ȥ
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ڰŵǿȥ֮һĨ޵ĺâǰϵļ̳ǹһĨЦ⡣
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ݣݣ
һյʱ䣬˷ǿƽʥͨʥĴ֮£ҲǸϵƬɫɽһȵĿⶼǰǱóɽ
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۴еδʼƬɽ֮ѾǳһŨζ


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˫֣شĿռͻȻڴ˿̴˺֮߶ʱͶ˹ȥ˱ǼƬռ䣬·ǳһһϵĹŵһ۵Ĳɣ֮ǿռ͸Ƭؼ䡣
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Ҳǰת龯Ĺ۲ܣ߶ܹƬɫĴϣССĹ֣Ƭ½羭һҵĴսһ㣬һЩɳУܹһЩһֲɣζҲǴɢ
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ʱǰѾû֮ǰЩӰаһڽ˵֮ص֮ҲԽԽǿһǶ֮Դ֮Ӷȥ
ĶҲŰٶ߾ǿ߸󣬶׵۴˹ȥ
һٶ˵ǿǿٵͨƬɫĴأһϵĴ֮ǰʱĴѾȻǿѾС
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尡ɱȺ
ҲŴǿӿ˽ڼǿߵӶ󣬲˶̲סֱӳˡ
ŵһ˵ĳ֣˫չһҵĴսһʱ䣬֮бǳŸɱ֮ѪĽ
Щսǿߣ̲סüͷ壬Щ˵ǿֻǳųȥģ󲿷ֶΪȥЩųֵġ
УȻвٱ֪ԼеĿĲңٶǿߣֻвһٸǿȻ󲿷ǿߣǽˡ
ߡ
һʣʮǿߣ˵һȶӶȥʮǿ߼״Ҳûаԥһǽϡ
СӣƾҲȥ
ļӼ䣬һ߾ɵǿ߼Ϊŭһ鱩ӿ䣬д󵶱Ǵĵǰ߱ȥ

üͷһ壬ŭһǴһɺƵľǺֱ̺ʶе蹬
žણ
Զ߾ľ֮£߾ɵǿαԶеĴҲȻأѪϢȫ޵˵ϡ
ȻΪ˼ż֮ܶȫھɱľԶԶһͨ߾ɵǿܷ˵ġ
ʬûȥһֱۣӹȥ
ЩԭҲһǿ߼Ļ¶ǴһŭȣǸ߾ɵǿ߱ıôȥ
ৣৣ
صǣ֮УֱӹӴͷһȹ˽ȥ
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ӹ֮˫ͫȻһǰģȻһ޴Ĺϼ̳̳ܱžŸ޴ʯЩʯ֮ϣһµתһǿҵĹ⻪Щʯ֮˴˽֯һ𣬽ϵļ̳С
ʱ̳ΧһǿߣǶڴ˵أ˽ǵĿⶼͶ˹
ৣৣ
ʮ˵ǿҲǸ˽ڼӴֹϵļ̳Ҳ̲סһ
˫Ŀ΢еǾ޴ļ̳ǾŸ޴ʯԼγһµ󷨣ʱ۽̲סһ£ɫҲһЩյĴ֮أЩʯ͹ϵļ̳ѹʲôһ㡣
Ǽ̳Աҵ˵ǿ߽֮ĿⶼǼΪĲƣһӰֱǶ˵ǿ߷˹һĹҲǺֵĶǺȥ

ǿߣȻԷҪϺüģûһ֮ˣǵŭһηӭͷϡ
Ҳһ׼֣Ȼʺᷢ
أأ
˫ǿ߸һӴ֮ʱǿжŷ֮ɫӿ֣һľЩǿ͵Ա
ԭ޴Ϊ޼ǿߣһֵԱУʱһ룬Ψʣ¼ΪϵͣıȽǿߣһ˲һǿ߶žǳӶһԱ֮Ҳٶȵ쳹
Ѫ⽦󣬾ȻǾĶļ̳۶ȥЩѪ⻹δ뵽̳ʱǱǽ֯Ĺֶ
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ĻʣĲʮǿ߶һжžȻ֮ɫ󣬱һǿߣǾŸ޴ʯ˹ȥ
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㵵ĿУЩǿҲûаԥڳʯ֮ʱȻԱ˿
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ŵһԱǸ޴ʯʱը˿ըѣһʱɢȥڼ̳֮ϵĹҲǶȻࡣ
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ǹֱð֮ʱ޴ļ̳ȻݺݵĲһ£Լ䣬̳ѿһЩѷ졣
磡磡
ǿߵĸԱŸ޴ʯҲѸٵը˿Ǽ̳ĲҲԽԽңЩѿѷУһֺɫϢͬʱһޣȴޱǿϢҲȻɢ˳
ڿֺɫϢʱҲޱ֣֮ҲһɺȻ֮ɫ޵Ϣǿľ֮£ܹĸܵߵĿֲʥͻָʵ϶ûôǿϢ
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Ϊ˻ʣ
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ʱҲǸеһּ֮ҪҲǼ̳֮һ㣬ң֮ޱȣʵԶ߾ڵǿߣ֮£ҲЩѪһ㣬ǹϵļ̳֮С

ʱܲļ̳̳ԱߵǸ泯ݴ½ķ򣬹Ĺݶ¡
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ɭ쳹ǣңԶĴ֮صļ̳УͻȻĲ
ģѵǱ۷ӡ޻ʵֱۣ
ͻȻ׵۵ն޻ʵ֣ƴ߷ӡˣѵ˵޻ʵֱۣȻǱӡ
ԭһǿߣĿĸͲ׵۵ĴУ̳
ֻҪͷųӡֱۣ޻ʶȻƿӡ׵۶µ޻ʣ׵۵Ĵй
䣡
֮صĲԽԽң󣬵Ȼ飬Ǹ̳Ҳǳ׵ը˿ħҲϯһĥ⣬ֱǶǷӡĹ󷨣˺˳գݴ½֮رӶȥ
һĥ֮Уһֻ޴Ĳ԰ֱۣôһۣȻǸоԼϵ鶼ֹͣתһ㡣
ǡǡ
޻ʵֱۣģ
ʱڴ֮ƽʥͨʥҲǼһħ⣬ǣħħסǣڲأֻĿǵħʧߵľͷ


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ƽ죬Ǿڲ֮Уȴӭӻʵŭɣ
ħʧħħһۣЦ߾ȻֱӴڶǿȥ
ˣԭм²Ƴӡ޻ʣϾҪˣ
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˸ͲʹǵۻңҲԼ˵ۻҲδܹͻƵһĻһˡ
ƽʥ̾һ֮ĹϵΪ
߸ôʱ䣬Ҳ֤һƽͨСӳɳһȻǽԼϣ
ʲôҲûа𣿡
ͨʥԣͫҲһܿҲȻĵ˵ͷˣ֪Ҫ̤һжôļѡ
ٻȥ¸֪ˣĴ㡭
ʱƽʥͨʥҲļ٣Ǹûа㶺˼ҲһǶ¥ӶȥǴ֮ص飬Ҳû̫˼ȥˣ޻ʼƳӡǸû㹻ʱˡ
ңƽʥҲ൱ľܵѹƲܹɱһȺǿߣҪԱǾûġ
ʱǹϼ̳ԵŲľҲеղֱֻֻۣǿһۣһޱļµĸо׵ۺ޻ʣҲǳӵ˺ߵĿֲ
棬ٳٵҲû˽ˡ̳Ѿ׵飬ڼ̳ĺ󷽣һâĹţһоǵŵĺ󷽣һõۻȸԾĸоǴ󲽶ǵĹȥ
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𴩹ǵʱĸоһϤľɨɨ֮£صĶһ㣬Ϥľʶеĵۻĸо޶
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ٻعʱȴȻ֣ĻѾǷ췭ظı仯
ǰͬһĺһƬޱ޼ʵĳɫ𺣣ʱȴڻ𺣵Ϸ
֮УܹĸܵۻȸԾ֮飬߼ҪʶͶ֮һ㡣
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⡭Ȼȫĵػ𣡡
һͷĻ𺣣ȻȫӴ𺣵ǿߣ꾿ǿ˺ֵز
Ųĺ֮У߶еĻҲǴӵǰģƺԵΪ׽
ֱ仯Ҳû̫ľˣЩչֵ˵׺ͣԼʶеĵۻѲϵ
Сѡ𣿡
𻺲߼䣬ͻȻһ΢ЦĲڻ֮쳹
ͻõ΢΢һæ̧ͷǰԶһƬУۣΪһ޴Ļ棬Ǿ޴Ļ滺ѿУһųɫ۵ĲӰҲǳĿ֮С
Ӱĳ֣ʶеĵۻ𷴶ûǰĲˣǰǸģɵ˳Сһ㡣
Ӱ¥֮Ͼۼ˿ʥӡĲӰһģһͬڻһͷƽͨò˫ۡ
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𣬰ݼ׵ǰ
ѹе𶯣ǻ֮ϵ߹һ֮񣬵
ֱ۵ķӡѾ𣿡׵˫ͬ˿ռһ㣬εҡҡͷ
Сӣͷ˵˵ʲôɣСǿɻã죬׵۽Ŀ⿴ʵ
ţʥһ齨һ࿹⣬ʱƾУǰϣ޻ֻҪһƿӡƾеĸֽ̱ơ˵ͷǽݴ½ĸһһ
Ļ׵ҲʱĳĬû޻ǸǿߣֻҪƿӡ½ݴ½˽֣֮ʱݴ½ҲȻͿ̿ͬݽ档
׵ǰݴ½ûܹ޻ʶԿĴڣֹ֪ܷ޻ʣԥһᣬ̲סʵ
׵ֵܹĻƲ޻ڣ˻кܴϣⳡսʤġ
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Ļ׵Ҳһ£Цҡҡͷڵֻһ߽⴫пռҲűģ˵ˣ˵һ˲Ʋлʧ
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ǺǣСӣȻܹǶȻǵõҵıԴ֮ϿɣС춼᲻ãۻ㣬㶨ȻҲŲ֮ôͷӵĴȤ𣿡׵ѵЦЦʵ
ĬǼᶨĵ˵ͷ֪õ׵۵ĴУǽҪһݾ޴Σµ񣬸ɵѡˡ
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׵һӣޱ޾ĻͻȻ䶯ڻ֮һ޴Ļһ㡣
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ȻʮɫĹâӻ֮гӶڰ֮УĽΧС
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ʮâʱͫȻһ־ĲҲ൱Ϥ
ˡ
ʮ˳֮׵ҲָһһĨɫĹâֱԺ֮С
֮Ѿˣ⣬⴦žžŰʮһǵˣ㽫Щ˸ˣԴȥˡ
ڽн֮׵۵ӰǱģһЩźߣи޻аĹѪޱȣûݴ½鶼ΪԴСӣһУˡ
ʮһǵˣյЩҪ೤ʱ䡭
׵۵ĻҲ̲סһؾʱԼһ˳׵յ˽һʱ䣬ڣΪȱٵģʱ䰡


776 첻
Ǻǣ֮Уһ죬Źһ죬ҲļˣСӣٶɡ׵Ц˵
ıʱ䣿һĨ֮ɫ׵ǸǿߣȻô
ҲûٶʲôһǾĲղ׵۴ԼԺеϢ׵۴С
ݴУʮʱ䣬ǳ׵򣬱Ͼֻһݴйĵöѡڿ֮⹦ֱǷĽ棬ǽתͬɽ緢һ㣬ľһ
׵۵ĴУȻǽľһأˣÿһˣһһ㣬ּ䣬ɽ
ǷݴеĵУҲ֪ˣ׵۵ͻƵһбǺоʮſˣǰֲΪѾԷ츲أˡ
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׼ʱ׵ЦһһУʱʶеǵۻϲĲ缴ʶһ㡣
ǵۻ׼ʶʱԼǵ涸Ȼһһѹ֮⾹ȻǸ˹ȥ
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ףشʵػ磬ҲЩãģԼʱǽһ֮ĵزԼĸܵ˻ԪĴڣġ
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׵۶ȻЦ죬ֹסЦĿ⿴ʱѾ˼֮ɫ
⾫ռ۳ãԵЩֲڣۻˣӦľһʱ˵ٶȣҲϲ١
׵۵ĻʶеǵۻȻҵĲȻֱӶԼǴػȥ
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һ˲䣬ֻоԼԴһǰһڣΪͶ˹ȥɫһ׵˵ʲôм֮ĻֱһȫתŻԪת䣬Ӵľš
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ƬƶȻѿȻƬؼǿ߶ʱǸоͷƤһ飬ΪǷ֣Ǻƺ棬·һֻ޴۾һ˿ɫʵڿǡ
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Ļ˾ֵʧе޻ʣȻҪѵѾƳӡ
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ֻɫľδ£һϢѹ֮Ѿӿǿߵͷһ֮£õڶ˵ǿӿһĨ֮ɫ˵ĿⶼǿƽʥͨʥǶĻıȻ¥֮µǿߣ
ৣৣ
Хľƣƽʥͨʥɫزѣʥ۷ϢҲɢ鱩ӿ䣬ǵƸ
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Ȼһȴƽʥкͨʥ۵˼ȵĺХڴͬʱ¥¥֮УҲͬ嫵Х˴˽䣬¥Ϸ۳һ޴ĹĻ
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䣡
ڣֻ޴ĺɫƣ͸谭һŵĿУĻ֮ϡ
ײһ𣬲ûоĺڽӴһǺɫƱǲϵʴŹĻ
꣡
ǿߺȻĿУ˴ʥ𶥼ǿ۳ĹĻһһѷ쾹Ȼǹֶ֮


777 ֮
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ŵһƵĳ֣һѷǷɿţ쾪ĿУօһȻըѿ
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ڹĻǣƽʥͨʥһѪɫò԰˲٣¥֮еҲˣղǵĻ֮У̺ǵһ񣬱˰ԵĴݻ٣ҲõһЩˡ
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źɫƵʧֻɫľ۶ɨһһĮ쳹𣬻صƬ֮䡣
ǿΪǰ־壬˵ţǿгֵİ˴ʥ۷ǿߣ¥һСӰǵ۾ֻҪڣӦа취Կ޻ʰɡ
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ڣҪǵѾˣҪԵģ֮˵ķˡ
Ϊܹ޻ʾƿӡ֮˶Ȼǵаȥ¾顣
ڳĬ䣬Ŀ̲ס͸򶫲򡭡

׵۴֮УǵۻľѾȥһʱ䡣

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ৣৣ
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ʱЩѾǺǿ󵽿ֲ飬һֲֿٶһ˲ĹڵľǱһ˺ѵʹ֮УҲǴ֮д
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׵һĻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷɫûʲô仯ʹ඼ܲˣûʸԼĴС
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ڻ֮Уһͬ䶯ʮ˳ƻ𺣣ڰ֮С
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784 Ϊ
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ݵŭţκΣȴֹһеķֻĿţ

ıͷûأͳ̾Ϣһ
ʵҪʱѾʲôˣǲֹǣܹıֿģֻǴԪ֮䣡

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಻ס˽ȥ
Ҳ֡
ڿϲЦտӤʱԲ۾ǣǸ֣ȴɱ˵Ŀ˻ȥ
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