==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================
ǿħ
ߣѩҹ

ݼ
ħʥߣ⿪ӡħ֮ţ
ϹŴ棬
ħ֮ؼգ


1 ج
ʣС˽ʡһȺ󲻹ʮһĺ鱾һࡣ
һλʮ걳С˽лУźǵĶͷ
ĸߴ󣬴һɫװεװЩ峺ͬˮȴʱͶĳǹʡ
͵ɡ˿⡣ôãʺϷŷء
Сҵ˵Ҫ¿๦һĺ˵һ̰ͻһ޳ɡ
˵öԡЦֻ֪¿๦ҪӣǿҪõ¡ݽϲôĺӵʱҪ棬öӲʱ°빦
һںӣ˵ҽ̳ѧеõˣӿɲҵĿꡣ
Цˣպ鱾վϹȻ󻶺ȥˡ
ȴһĺܵߣСʲôʿ
ôʡ
뵱ʿ֣ص˵ҵ˵ƶˣٶඥҲǿţԶΪʿÿ졣ʿʲôѽ
ϰпܳʥˡ˵
ɻؿ꣬һĺ档
Կٵ൮𣬱£ˡǼˮޡһǿ磬Կˣ㴫Լʹã˳׻ΪʥĻᡣ˷ڽ֮֮ԱɱУš
ϰˣʿ˵ǽڣγǿ似ԿһնߣຣΪʥ
ǡжʥأӺʡ
٣Цˡֻ֪֮ǰһλʥȥͲ֪ˡ
ֻһ˰ʥ˺𣿡Щʧʡ
ѾǺܽӽĴ˰ɡ˵Ϊʥ֮ʣӡħ
ϻħʡ
ħ˵кھаףйа˵ԭ仹ħϰٶԶʿϰ֮ɿٵõ޴ճħӰԱа֮ͽʥӡħ֮ʹֻ˱ٲаħա
ǡӿ꣬ԥʡϻǲٰ
ǰ껺ͷʵҿҲãħҲգֻһֹߡ絶Ѫȵɱֻʹһ֮䡣
СôЩħӡʲôطأֺ
ܡЦˣ˵ħ֮κƷԲԽ֮ӡֻ֮ѹơʥķԶѰǱʵˣΪӤʱǻۣħӡڣʹҹǿѹƣԱ°ˣзħʹ
ħʹŹ⣬Ȼ˵Сģһᱣܵģ
Цˣĺӵͷȴ룺˵˳ȥҲ˵һ¡ʱ꣬ЩѱˡңԭҲûˡ
Сܽ𣿡ʡ
Ǹҡͷһ̾ҸȻǾд󽫣ʿȴϲԶԴһϲͨġ
Ŷʧص˵ͷ
ʱһ׳С˽֮ڡüӢ͸ֱȴǼΪơ
硣꣬ʱʩ
㣬ôɢѧô磿ʡ
ʺϷŷݡһЦ
ǵáһͷ˵߹ս²ϣܻһŵǧԼõƸʱ䲻ܱ䣬Щ׼Ƹ񣬵ʱҶһͬǰȥּҡҶЩȫУÿæ
Ƹ񣿡ȤҪ𣿡
Ҵ硣˵ˣҴʿͨлᣬһǡ
ððӲ˷꣬Ŀг˾壬Щ˼ˡ
⼸ҪæЩ£תңȲˡԺ˵Իɼ֪ͨǡ
ǣӹһ󣬱ɱȥˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ꣬رС˽ӺĽ֮ϣһ̣ʼƸ
ҶͥҶ㣬;СǵĸҶǷڤеһλ󽫾ʵﵽʥ伶ʿűһ߳Ǳǡ
ҶҲҴ壬Ҷһгɶ𣬳ΪǴеһԱ䣬ҶеĴּΪŮ£ŮȻɣȻҲ̸ۼ֮ʱҶΪ˸ԹΪΣ߹ضȴԸ³ǳΪ뿪ֻһֵԼæˡ
ֵæգ˳Ƹһ쵽Լ֮գֵһ˼и׵ľӴĸ׵λ֮ǰ£ͷ֮Ҷͥĸλ˵պҪּƸ̶ˡģΪҶҵҶ
ʲôҶ㲻Ц
㣬ǰ˵ЦҶͥü
ǡҶͷǿ׳ϰгɣǳ伶ʿһܱиҵΪ֮󽫶Ҳ÷֤һһˡ
˵ģɣҶûƵġҶͥɱЦˡ
ֶλ˵һЩﻰ󣬱ͷ뿪˼ҶƸ˳ּլǰּһ棬ӭӵ׼˵ּҼΩһӣҶͥȺȻԳӭҶͥл̿֡
ֲôӭˣҶͥæǰ񡣡ɷСֶˣ
ʲôСֶʲôĸߴȺЦţٹ˶ãҾҪˣʲô⣿
ҸҶͥεؽš
˵˵Ⱥ֣Ƕ֪߹ս½ִ󽫾ȻҪԾΪء׼ҵİﲻϴ󽫾æҲҰɣ⣬⣡
л壡Ҷͥһĸж
ּȻǳд󻧣ȴ壬ԼҲȺĸ˼ʢļ塣˼ڸ̣׬˲ƵļҲ仧ǡȻҴҵǮƣҶ£ѾˣҶڴҪʱ̲ܵȻҲΪ⡣
ҲȺʱЦҶк
ʵҶּ˺øвܾ࣬һ̹ܰơϾҲ壬ȺǴ̩ɽ΢Цϲֺ
˱ӭָһ·֮Сּҵļ˼ʱѾ˵巢ͷ׵ʱЦڽУˮңƸ
үүһУһλĶ˵ʮŮڶ˼ѡ
ȺŮˮңҶͥδӡ
үүҶͥˮңɫ΢΢һ죬æ֣ص˼ʩҶҲں֮
˼æָָԱߵӡ
ʩ£ҶҵļҶƸ̧˴ã˼Цúϲ£죬Ҳų
Ҷͥ˼̸Ҷܻع֮£˼ֻǵͷ˵Ⱥһ㣺߹صսΪء󽫾Ϊ͢ҪԱȻҪΪ͢ľЩˣĺȰ
ˮңĿ򲻶ƮҶͥһĽߣģҶͥɫ졣ҶһԿˣ΢΢ЦĥλȥôЦ
һĵ˻֮ϣҶͥҶ˼˼ǳȫ˼ԼǸˣһӣʮǴӣ㶨һɣϵþˣҼˮңļأ
үүˮңһ˼һѺĵĿɨҶͥȥˡ
˲ɶЦˡ
ʱһҶҵļҶȴŵس˽ţүүˣ
񣡡Ҷͥһüôô
Ҷ㿴Ҷɫԣȴоʲôվ˵Ҫ׳ʲô£ϸ˵
гˣҶţɫ԰סдӵĹٱլΧ˵үһв֮ԣʹǱܣȫûղƸ°һաǰߴ˧ѽүն͢ŭʥּүһйλҪ鳭լ
ʲô
ڳ类׻һĿɿڴ


2 ħſ
جģּȫһʱ仺ҶֵȴмҶͥԺһƬհףֻǲסڵ˵ţôܣ
ߣҶȴȻҶͥܡҶͥŷӦ͵ܵһɱ棬ŵܵһƥżзɱȥһ·ֵļ٣ֻ˫
ַɱûصҶҸǰֻһӶӹٱѾլΧס˴ʱǰס
վסбŰγ
ҶˣҶͥһڵϣҪڴ
󵨣ٱʱȣ׷װε
磬ɳ嶯ҶȻмȴǿѹ֣һסҶͥĸ첲
Ҷͥ͸ĸţۼԺڹٱĶһѷԺУɺۣҪѹƲסӲ
ô£
ʱһλлĿɨֵܺһ
ԳҶҪҪôҶʱǰ
ϵǡһָҶͥҶ㣬ҶĶӣҶͥҶ㡣
Ҷͥ۾죬ҶţʱҪȥʲô
Ҷͥ΢΢ü㸸Ҷ˻رǣȴãԣ³ǳʧأԪӦУӲ°ӰΪūȥҶȴֻԼȻֻ롣ٹ𾪣ʥŭּȥҶλ֮ǰҶҲԹйͣұ˧ѽҶ׽ʥּ²ǣˣֻҶ˱Ϊˣ鳭ҶҼҲ乫ȥҶ̡֮лɡ
ܣҶͥŭţҵһΪǸõˣܲ˰հΣ룬ԩ飬ԩ飡
סڣһҶͥʥѾҶٺ֣һ¿ҲҪջˣ
磡ҶסҶͥȻһʹŭǿѹ֣ǰһ֡
λʲ鳭Ҽңʥּ̧ͷ⡣
ʥϿͷּ⣬ǩ鳭ǽһƲȡҶ㡣
Ҷ򿪣ֻϷд˲鳭ҶңһмҲ乫飬žƹžĻ¦ǵӡ
Ҷ̧ͷǽĿŭ𣬵ǿֻ̲ǳʣλǿɷ񽫼˽ȡ
ɣһ֣ʥϵּǼҲ乫
ĸ׵λլСҶǿǰ΢΢һ񡣡ֻȡĸλ
⡭΢΢ü
ѵλҶͥʱѾ棬ȫǽԥɵԲۣҪȴҶһסǽһ񣺡뽫и㡣
ðɡ˵ͷһָҶ㡣ֻȥȡλ̳˵ţָʿҶ㣬븮С
Ҷͥȴֻܷŭʹȭڼ֮⣬һڳֵٱȻһǿȴʲôҲˣʹȭأʯ棬Ѻۺ
ǽһͬʱҲ֮ģǰ˵ҶͥȻɸġʥδֵܣǸǳ·ҿӦǳ伶ʿɣͶУһԼ¾Ҷңϴˢ㸸ĳ衭
Ҹ£ԩҶ̧ͥͷǽ
Ծڴˡһüҡҡͷתȥˡ
Ҷ㱻ʿţһ·˸ڡۿԼСļ԰һڹٱ߰㣬ҽ乫Լٲܻ뵽бʹ
׵ΪˣȻ˽⡣һһΪ󽫣ôǲԼҶףԩ飡
ΪϴˢԩԼʹͱҪúûš嶯κ⣬ֻȱԼлΪԩ
ŷŭʹȥƴ˭óȴԶܽ⡣ҶȻһŭʹ࣬ȴƴѹţԽʵԽʹࡣ
븸׾֮УϹĸλҶûʿǰʹʧֻĬĬؽĸ׵λׯصػȥһ·ϣĿбӣЩƻլĹٱӶ۾ֻǰׯء
ǱҪ뿪ˡűʱͣλ˵ģһҶңϴˢԩ½ӭؼլ
һ˲䣬˸żᶨĹâ˭ˣɵͷףΪ֮ľ
ֵ¾һĸ׵λҶ̲ͥסʹһڹٱȴǣҶͥԶԶظϿҶͥŭҪ֣ȴҶס
磬һʱ֮ûá˵ҪѰһΪϴˢԩŶԣ
ҶҶͥݺݲһᡣô죿
ȵҵС˽ȥɡҶ˵ǱߵطСǸס
˵꣬ǰٱһ񡰷뽫λѯ
һڹٱ񣬵Ҳû˴Ϊȥͨǽ˳
ʽҸʬڣҶʡΪߣΪᡣ
¾ͱˡǽ̾˿ʵ߹رսΣԪӦͣκһڳ֮ʱսҲǳ顣ҲЩͬҶǵ뿪ǰս½ȣսʬǱҲû˴Ҷ˵նʬͬʿʬһˡлᣬǰһֽҲǼ˰ɡ
Ҷȴҧûп޳ԵҶͥȴǽᣬҡͷ̾Ϣȥ
Ҷ㾲ţȥᣬֳ磬߰ɡҲáҶͥһͷҶһС˽ӷȥйٱ˲ɶһæǰۡ
ҲǷ¡˹˽͡ҶһмҲҪ乫⴦լԺСҲҶ£ȻҪ⡣
ҵܵܿ˽ӰҶͥ˵ҵֻܵһĻʡԼ⴦լԺ˽ѽ̵˼ҵĺӣڻЩǮΧûвġô˵ͷ⣿
ǰʱΧ۵Ҳ鲻ԽΧ˹׷׽ţҶСǴˣôܷ˽ӣ
С˽ӷˣ˼ҵĺӻ˭Ϲܣ
Щٱȥ׽Щ̰ٶˣȴ˵լӣʲô
סڣ͵ذγһҪ췴ҶֵܣʥδǣѾǿȴɿٱԿ
磬ߡҶĿ䣬һҶͥȻΧڹһ
лλֱԡ͢ܵλҶĳɣԻؿ˽ӡұգط֮ʱ
˵ţҶͥȥ
첻̾Ϣšôõˣôȴ£
˲úñʲô
һ˱Թţ̾ϢţҲֻɢˡ
Щ쵰ҶͥϣŭѼҧгݣסŭ
硣Ҷ㲢δҶͥһŭ𣬵ȭͷգָУȭյѪŬԼƽʹҶ֮ͥ侲
ҶңΪϴԩͿˡ˵ǱҧţʹõγѪҲҪ΢ЦκлὫնݳǲΪԼΪҶңΪ
ףҶͥҧصͷ㣬ҲǰһˡڳˣԶҴɾһԶҡ㲻١
磬סҶֳĻ֣ص˵һŬΪһʿ
ֵģһܳɹҶͥס˵֣ܵܵա
Ҷļ䣬ȴصԼ֮еʱ
ǵãԼдһƬ֮ʱһͻȻǻ۵Ĺ⣬ĺͬʱҲǿٵԼ
ǵãʱһŮԼ飺
ѡеķħʹ㽫ԼӡħΪ»һΪ츣ʹħаٲа;ʹԣԶҫ䡭
ʱҶɢǰδеĹʡӿģǼᶨ־
ʥħӡΪͿ°а𣿵Ƿ񿴵ǶߺУ߱Զɱ߱ƵͶ·
һУħ޹أֻƶ֮ˣ
Ҳħʹһر־һڷӡħϡ
ҽħ֮ö߰
ҽƾ֮Ҷһ
һ̣͸غ⣬·֮Ŷħͬʱɢɭɭħ
һɲǣҶͥĪһ⣬ǿµҲֲ


3 ּҷĿ
ֻô죿
ѹ֮Ҷַͥѡ
ǻƥ𣿡Ҷ˵ԭ˵һƥ㲻ʲôȴֵ֧ˡ
һƥöļǮƽ˵һҲ㹻ˡֵ޵أȴҲֻ㡣
ּңҶͥ˵㣬ǻȥͶּҰɡ
һʱһʱҶ΢΢ҡͷֻּѲǰǰǡ
ܡҶͥ˵ּҶͬһ㣬ЩڡдС飬ȫһĺ˼ңҲ¡ˮңҲǺù
ãȨȥԿɡҶвΪȻشľ
˴ּҶȥּҸǰҶˣæȥÿ֮С
˵һȴʣҶ㿴˿Ҷͥ˵磬¡
µġҶͥᶨҡҡͷǣҲţ
ԸɡҶ΢΢ü
ʱּ֮ڣ˼Ⱥˮң£żҶɫ
үүˮң˼ҿɲҪ޵˼ȥԭָҶǳ͢ҪԱǿһȨ󣬽ǼҵȨ׳ּҡҶˣǼҲˣ޹ȥ񲻳ҪӣҲ
˵үүҲ޵˼ң˼ˮң֡
ô˵ǡȺ¶ɫҶȻˣҶͥϾǳ伶ʿҲǲ𰡡
ңˮң۾һɣ컯ǬʣڤɻڣһƽͷգĴ˼ңһֽ״Ӹ浽ٸΣ
ô˵ǱϾлԼȡȺ˵ҳв˶֪£ֵһδ˵л
ˮңʲô˼ѵҪҼ޸⵰ﳼ֮Ӳɣ
Ȼǡ˼һ֣Ƕ࣬˵ꡣ
ǡȺһЦˮңҵ˼סǣҪǼס£ȻʹֶΡʱŪЩֵǮĶǵŪһٿĪ磬ͽΣʱԼȻͿȡҲ˵ʲô
ƣ˼ӴЦãס£
½ȥɡȺվֶˮң⼸ͷ¶棬ײҶͥСӲá
ˡˮңæͷ
ʱмҶæȺһüôˣ
̫үүүˣҶæ
ʲôȺһľϲվ
һˡʱһʵ𣬽ţһԼʮüĿɫ˿󲽶롣һй˸ʾǳΪж磬ȴּȻмҿˣʱ֪Ǿĸ֡
󣬸ӣÿһɫ飬к˸ʵ׵ǿߡ
Ǿ𣿡Ⱥ꣬ɼ
ˣû䡣ͷ΢Цת˼ʩ񣺡үү
ү̫үһڸ֣һͬȺ˼ʩ
Ǹɵĸ𣿡˼æվЦһ˹⡣
ʲôˡȻһЦҵļ°ˣүү꣬͸УѾ˾ĸ֡ѾƾٳΪɵţ˴λʸͶϳ͢ԻһӢ븻󡣡
ʲôּ˶һ漴ϲ
磡ˮңЦ껳У磬ôɵΪҪ۸أ
˭кһˮңŵһ¡
ʱҶͥҶڿнȴҶ⣬΢΢ҡͷ磬߰ɡּԲԸټǣǺαȡ裿
ҲţҲšҶͥ˫ȭգ̫ѨȻһش
ʱһӰ⣬һߴ껺룬վڿ֮Сһе¶ȷ·Ҳ½˼ȣҶֵܲͬʱ˸¡
һȥֻվڿԼʮĿȺƣһ˫к䣬һʿеĸ֡
ǾҶֵܣ俪ڡ
ǡҶͥվһ֡ҶͥҵܵҶ㡣֪ǣ
ˮңĴ磬־𡣡껺˵˵лԼǺ˶µģ
ԭǴ硣Ҷͥһ񣬡ǰҸּүүͬµġ
˭µģѲ־ֱӴҶͥĻԽּ޹ϸ߰ɣҪݹ顣
ʲôҶͥɲȻŭ
磬ߡҶվǹһĨЦ·ϵյĽ֡
㵹Ǹˡ־Ҷһۣ˵ͷмҪּ֪ȡǵĻԼΪǼҵ䡣ּ־𣬱㽫ܳΪڤڶĴ塣Ĵ壬ǲСС֮ҽ׵ġ˵ѾΪˡ֮ǰĲ̫󣬱磬ּҸ߸ͬǲǵϡϣͲҪύģֻ˳Ц
ʣǷּүүˮң˼Ҷͥҧʡ
Ȼ־˵
ô˵һҶͥ˵ֻҪ׿˵⻰ʱߣٲּκιϸ𣡡
Ϊ͵ģ־ЦֻʵˣҲԸٶǶ˵Ƕݵ衣Ǹҹȥ
ƽ̸ƽȴܸĳСƽһӣӣȴһ衣
磬ǳİɣʱˮңͻȻ˽§־ĸ첲Ҷͥȫ֮⡣
ҶͥˡԭΪǳд󽫣ҲּңүүŻҶ»¡û뵽Ȼѣˣʵ˲ݡ˵ţҸѾǸɵˣʵ춯أò˶ãܳͣ͢ΪԱȴˣôּңʶľ͸Ͽǹȥٸҵɧţǵȣ
㣡Ҷͥը˷Σָˮң⡣
󵨣־ĿһһѹʱɢҶֵܵо¶Ⱦ۽ͬʱ˸սҲоؿڳƣ
磬ߡҶɫ࣬סҶͥȥĿʼն־ϣӣ˿ֻңҶͥȴܲסѹҧܵȥ
ˮң֮ǰҶˮң΢΢һЦĻһμġ
ˮңغһҶĿӴȴɴ˸£֮˵־󣬲Ÿоġ
־עҶ㣬Ŀ΢΢һ
ֵּܳң棬Ҷͥųһܿ˵
־̫ŭҧ˵
ʵǿǰɣҶʡ
ɲ⡣Ҷͥòͷ
ôǾ͸̡Ҷ˵ҪԶּңǣҲֻԶܡ
ɶ񣡡Ҷͥ޺˵ǿϧȥЩƸ񣡡
ҵ뿴ּǷ˳̶ȡҶЦһ


4 
֮ϣƥˡҶ佫֮ңҲȫϵսĺһϣĿⶢסʱ˳ȥ
ʱ˴ּҵԭֹһƥƸĴ󳵣ҶһƥºЩеļҶ֪ͽܵˡֵ׷ҲѾ޴ȥѰ
ЩǮŰɡҶͥǮҶС
磬Ǻ⣿Ҷʡ
ѾˡҶͥ˵ƾⳬ伶֣˾ԵθС١Ҳ˵սõʱһ᲻ŬԼĵȼһ죬Իõҫ֮λʱҶұٶˡ
Ҷļ򣺡ЩǮð촦Сլ˽Ӱɡֻβѵˡһ߽飬һҲлᡣ
Ҳֻд˼ˡҶͷߡһһ֪˵Ǹ֡ΪɱȽϺá
ȻҶͥһͷ
ЩǮȻҲ㹻üСլ֮ûʲôʣࡣҶ˵ҿլӰɡҲҲڴ˵ؾþӡ
ȫɡҶͥͷӱҺãҲȫġ
ֵڳĴһʱ䣬ڳҵһСլԺԺӺլӶ󣬵ǮҲˡ˽˰𣬱סһӦ֮Ҷδʱȴǽһѡ
ҹ˵ҶͥԼѧҶ㴫
ϰҪڹĳһȻΪڽ조϶󣬱ǡ֮ڣ˳ĵ
˱Ϊʿǲ׳Ĺˡ
ʿɷ־żһΪ䣬ΪӢ䣬Ϊ䣬Ϊ䣬Ϊ䣬Ϊʥ䣬ΪԪΪƾΪڳһַʮףﵽʮ֮ٶͻƣͿɳʥ뷲ຣȥԴ˳Ϊʥˣңʥ
Ḷ́ǴӵдǳΪ伶ٵۣڻ֫ΪӢ伶ȻΪ伶ٽϣһǳ伶
Ҷͥʱǳ伶ǿߣػΪ
ҶԭˣЩҶֻͥһμס
֮⣬Ĵϵֱǣϵϵϵϵ
ϵڹ񣬱ӵо似޾ϵӵо޴ϵȽ⣬ΪмóߣҲóߡ֮£ߣ񣬼񣬶ߣʤ񣬵ȴ
ϵǸΪһϵֻһϵ˲пܳʥ㽫ĳϵ˳ʮףҲ޷ٶͻơϵ߼ȴѼʲô
ϵֻܵѡһϵ޷ϵޣϵȴͬ˴ʿ񡢾ϵУѡóĳϵޣȻ޷ϵ
ϵ֮ȴҲҪʿϵһԳɼϵﵽ˼߼ϵȴͣͼߡһˣΪٸߣҲûʥϣ
˵˹֪ԼʣҪһζ̰׷ǼɵõʥᡣҶͥĳؽ̵֪ԼʲǳȺ֮粻޷ʡµĴʱϵܳкܡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
һ˵꣬Ѿҹȼֵܱ˯£ʵշת࣬б࣬˭˯ţ
ڶһ˶ݣһʼ̣һʼѧ۽֮󣬾͵Ӫ조׶ΡҶͥϸָ֮£Ҷ㿪ʼ뾲ڤ룬س˼ž֮УٲֻһƬԭ޾չ
ֳ֮ͼԭн조ʱȴһӿǿնһС
İʮؼ䣬ʱ޿̲ӤʱеǸطţѹȴַ޷ĵһ
Ƚѹħķܼ
ҶаţҸƭҶͥԼðԽǷ
ʱԺȴ򿪡ʿһĿ֮Ұһ㣬ҶͥΪ伶ʿʤһҶȻûȴʱһվŶ
˽լʲô˴󵨸Ҵʣһǿϡ
ȴΪҶֻͥЦһҽˣΣ
һʶʲôʱһ룬Ҷͥ΢΢ҡͷǸ伶Сɫ°ɡ
һ˺һҶͥҷ֮ҶȥƸ˻ءպðɡ
˵һ֣ʱʮּҵļҶšŴСƸ񣬶СԺ
˼ƸѷϣҲҶͥתȥˡ
뿪ҶͥĨһѺ
磬ҲʿеĸְɣҶվҶͥ󣬵ʡ
֡ҶͥͷҼ̫ͣȴֲһĸ֣ȣҲҪʤࡣ
û뵽ּҾȻ־Ҷ˵ȥôû
С͵ȥˡҶͥ˵в١˼ҵĺʣﶼ͵ʱǼȥʮ껹ҡ־治򵥣ֻǾŰɡ
˵ţԺȴٱ򿪣ʮּҵļҶһӵ롣
ʲôҶͥһü
ҶģǼү˵ˣЩƸҶԸġҶͷֺ˵ѾͳĶջصĵҶҺôҲŴ󻧣ɳ¾Ͳ±˳Ц
ּԼģҶͥɴŭ˫ȭա
Ǵүĵؿֲ񡣡ҶͷĿЦү˵ˣջЩƸҶҵɨˡҲΪǺãѽ̧ߣ
ˣһڼҶ첽ǰĿ̧̧ȻһԺӵƸˡ
ҶͥҧгݣʱҪȥȴҶס
عͷؿŵܵܣȴҶ˸һļµĹ⡣Ҷͥɴ˸£ԼǹƺԼֹ
ȻˣԼʮʱ游״ʱһͷĹǣһʱ¶Ĺâ
ʱǷһˣһλֱ˵£ֻһھͽǸֵ
㣿ҶͥҲΪ֮
ЩҶʲôǱи־𡣡Ҷ˵һ죬֮ⷬҪǳǽաǼ縺ϴˢԩصҪ죡
Ҷͥ鲻Խص˵ͷ
һ̣ܵܵĵ׷˱仯ٲܵܵһ
ͻȻϣ
ЩҶƸȫߣҶһٳ³·ǽĵ׵ķŭҲһ¾һ㡣
磬ǳһ·ʲôҲûС鷳һЩ֮ɡЦŶҶͥ˵·𷽲ʲôҲûڼúĥһ̸ҵĶ
áҶͥ鲻Խ˵ܵܵİţ󲽶ȥˡ
ҶغԺţصڣ仯
һڶڵ¶һ½ĳ̶ȡ


5 ħ
ǹħ·ֱͨŵħţޱɭ֮
ãǽϾȻһ˪
ҶȥƬ˪Ⱦţ۾Ѿ£ĺ֮Уǹ
ʮһֱԼȫ֮ѹʥķΪһ壬ͬԿħ֮ķˡΣڳȥԼеѹ֮ǷԼ롣
ʧȥԼ궯ʼצšţ֮ơ
һ׶ħ֮Ժг֡оЩħԼצӲʱιԼ壬Լܵʹࡣ
ʼոԼһвǻþȺħԼж˿飬Ҳ辪šֻҪԼһۣһоͶʧ
ȻһǷֻԼںΪһħ֮սҪѹ
ŰɣŰɣ
ĬšѾӡ֮ãҲؼյʱˣ
ʱͷ˳һĿȻΣȴħʹ־ɵΡЩΧҶߣһŭĿӡ
Ҷ㣬֪Լʲô𣿡һָҶ㣬ʡʥԾ֮ӡħ츣˼䣻ҵԱ֮ѹħʹܰһѵҪһ˶ֹ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ˼䣡һȵ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦʣСһƣ˽ӽ̵ƶ˼ӵܣܼˣʲô
ͷħ֮˼䣬һ˴˵
ѵ˼֮ҽħҶ΢΢ҡͷ̫Цˡʸλħ֮棬˼ǷʥİˣǷ͵õƱǷʹʧ
⡭ΧΪ֮
Ǹλ֮У˭˵Լʱûħ֮¾һɰսң˼޶˺УˣվҶ㻷ˡֻҪһ˸˵⻰ʱʥϣӡħ
һ˳
Ҷ㣬˼ˣͷħ֮ңһͻȻһʡ
Ҳϡ˼ˡҶЦˣЦôݵôҲͬ⣬ʥһʵ˼ƶӰ죿
˼æ֡ʥӡħһֻܵħаӰ˲ʧ
ЦҶ֣֮ɱ֮кηֱ𣿷ֱֻġоӣյѪħҲ£ɱֳ֣ʥ彣ҲֻΪ˼䣡
Ҷ㣬˵˵ȥҲΪһ֮˽һ˴ȡ
Ҷ˿ܻ䡣ΪҶ˽¶Ҫħ֮˽£Υף˺κһλˣȴҪΪԩĺѩΪ˽кβɣ
ͷħһ´ңһԩѩˣһŭ⡣
һҲͷħħħ֮ڶҽħ֮ͷţħֿӰ쵽˭Ҷ㵱ʲá
ǡĿ㣬ɨһˡ˭ŵʱ򣬲ͷħ֮Գ˼䲻ƽͷ˭ûħ֮ɨʹƱж񱨣

Ҳ֪ӡħȻ޺ȴҲ棻ҲҪ֮壬ѡȴǳĬҶ˵ֻĵ׵ųֻǶʥ˵ΨǴӣʹɥʧ˱ӵеĻᣡǲʣȴ˵ǵļ̣Ǽʣȴ˵ά°һЦЦ
һƺʱɢҡ
գ̾Ϣһɢ١
ħȴٴΧΧһЦצץ
Ҷ֪ԼѾսʤħʹ֮ڵһأսʤħаţԼȻӡʮأվһԽǳɹѹ
ȻһȴȷŸѡЩħʹϾҶƾһɢЩɵħȴһԣֻЦϹ壬ᵽޱȵʹ࣬ȴް취
Ȼ䣬˴֮ʱʼĻԭУŽȴħĵá
תԭʼǷƽ˾˵ãǰéҲӰ
ѵĵ֮ȫ޷ʹ
Ҷ㲻üҪ֪ħ֮Ѿӡ꣬ħ֮Ѿ˼䡣ͨķħôͷħ֮Ҳ޷ʹá
űɽһ㡣
ģɼȫתǽ֮ɲǼ䣬ΧΧƹħƺʧˣٸܲϵʹ࣬һ־Գŵľ֮С
ʹˣԭϻǷƽ˾
ʱͻȻ䣬һâԲ֪ͶĻԭ֮ϡʱ𶯣ʯͦڵƴգȻһĵãиеͣдСԽһֱӵԶޱ޼ʣ֪յںδ
һУħͻȻҶڣǼžطУͶһͬĵ֮СƬ֮䣬Ҷ۾
ţȴҵţ·ո˼·һ㡣ؿڣŵƽϢۣǼžľ֮Уȴûܽһ޼ʵԭҰ
ԼǿԭҰһСǣħĵöѡ
ɹˣҳɹˣ
ȻˣǼΪףԼѾɹڽħĵãħֻҪħսΪԼػߣԼޱߵľԼħľ־
ҲãħҲãֻǹߣƶǷǣֻģ
Ҷᶨ־˿ħκζҡվĿϷڣģСԺĽ̵ȴΪֱΪԶѭĵ츣һΪһ
ĸλߣĸ׵λһ
һ׺ߡ飬õĺ
˵ţȴͻȻһһŮҶ㣬ǵһˡסɣϣڡɽУֻеʵԸ
һԺԭҰƮš޷ؿȴܸоָɽĿңԶ
ɽ
Ĭţｫǰ·Ķ
Ϊûǡ
ǲĸ׵Լʱʹ֮еǸǰȥΪʥ˵ǸŮ˵
ʥ
Щ֪ʥȻҵǰ·˵ҵǶԵģͷħǵõʥ׿ϵģ


6 ɽݿ
ҶͥûĿյҶø̸Լţڵеħ֮
һжͽ͵ģħרħķţȴྶͥţֻеǸû˵ġɽҵΪʿϣ
ɽ
߶šǾһطأ֪ȴظӦλ롣ԼҪ
һƽĵҲҪãοһ·Ͽ϶ɽˮͣǳ;
⻹ûסȺӣҶ㲻ҡͷһЦԶǱнǣ˷ˡ
֮ǰ˭뵽ԼȻҪԶ磬Ǹû˵ĵطȥгΪʿϣأ
ɼ±仯޳Ӳ־ΪתơǳʥˣҲʥһһԼϲ֮
Ҷҡͷ΢ЦеȻ
¼ΪбĲ䣬һ۾ٷʣҲһ¶Դ̶ѡʥ֮٣Ӱ꣬³޾ʮк˼ǵĴֱʣһж˵ṇ̀Ǿ˵ҲǸСС顣
ֻҪرı㡣ЩС£غڡ
ʱתҶͥһЩƷһЩϴõ·ص˼СҶֱӽԼ˼˴磺磬Ҵ뿪
ʲôҶͥһ˿Щ㲻ǸոҪҡ
롣Ҷ˵ѾʺپڳСּǣȻ˿࣬ʱһԼҲϲϴأֻȺǣ伣
ĥҲóҶͥ󣬻ͷϹۣôûˣ
̫ˡҶ㿴ֳ̲ס̾һ˵ˡ磬ҲڳдӾֹ־ЩֳݴǾͳý뿪ɡ
ôɣҶͥ˵
뵽ˣ㼰쵽Ҷ˵δܺùҡ
áҶͥһͷҴö࣬ЩҶġ
ֵʰһ˻ƻ֮ʱڳŹر֮ǰŶȥú󣬳Źرգɫڣȼ˵ƻֽһһϨҹ֮ʱֵµС⣬һӰӶ·һֻҹе
СӣĺݡǺӰլԺǽϣ·һҼջǵĻޣּҡΪԷһ·Ȫ·ϣҲǵĵ̫įɡ
˵ţһ˦ֻ֣̳ӷ˳ȥϣһӣһϣʱȼ
ҶͥҶȻ֪¡£֮£ԶһǶȥ֮ǰǳǰڳ⣬ȴš
硣Ҷֳһʱ鼤סҶ֣ͥ˵Ǿʹ˷ְɡ
ҪȥҶͥһ
ҪȥѰҵ·Ҷ˵㵽˾УԼúñأҪ͸¶Ĺϵ
ȥѰʲô·Ҷͥˣֲʿû书Ա⡣ҵĻլס£һһ߽顭
硣Ҷûж˵ʲôֻעֳ۾
һЩĹâţֹҶ̲ͥס졣оԼϤϸһ룬ֲҰްµ֮⡣룬ͻȻˡ
ÿ׽̵ʱвԾ¶Ĺ⡣ǲɵÿֹ⣬鲻Խ˵һǡ
ڳ̾һ㣬Ҳġ㿴ңΪ㰲ʲôǰ;ԶҴֻΪܳҡҡġֻ㡭ֻһҪСıأ
˵ţѾ
ôˣ˵ڲǰǻǳԺյҶˣʳǵĽ֮󡭡
ֻҪǻţδͻϣҶ˵磬㱣أ
˵ţ˼ֳһ񣬴ȥ
ҶͥŵܵܵıӰҪָ𣬴Ļ֪Ϊʲôȴں²
Ҷ㲻һͷΪʱѾ棬һͷԼͻʹʧֻĬĬᣬнԶ
һ·ȥԭɽ£˹Сӣҹޣ֪˽һ£Ĵׯ飬Сǳأڽӽ˸ӦлԼĵط
һ·ϣʹˣûһ֪һɽûϣΪԭҰƮ־ѾԼѾҪˡ죬̧ͷֻɽƺǰм֮У̲סӿ˽Ųֻ֮ǰ͵
һ̰֮£ȴͷۼɫѾǰֻľɽ£ٿӰҶֻ֪½ҹԼҪҰˡ
ǰţǰľͻȻһХţʮֳֵǹ׶ɽ˳ҶΧס
ô˻ɽܣλӺ°Ϊ׵ͷĿЦţǼûǮɽȾƣǼʱꡣɣ
Ҷ㰵ùȴǲɫЩɽЦ
һɽȴˡһӵûԼЦ
ҶЦɽɣԼٵת˼ĿͶɽͷĿƽһҪҸλû뵽λȴԼˡʱҲҲԵ
ʲôʲôɽԼˡͷĿ´Ҷ㣺˵СӣĪǸӣ
λΧһ죬ӰΪһ˸ֻܴû뵽գȴˡҶЦõȻ򶨴ݣɽǸоĪ⡣
⵽ǣɽͷĿһɫһʲô
磬˵һ˸󡭡ԱһСѡͷĿһֲۣӣ
λҶһ֣ϻ˵ˡɽʮд˼ҵۣһ˸Լһ̲£뵽ɽҸλúλúҪԸҽѣǾһ˸Σ
㵹˵ͷĿ˹⡣
һҶ㲻ϸ·ѹӵ£ͨװ֮һ糾棬ȷʵЩ˵ģһʮ꣬ͻȻɽ˴ݣɽҲбһʱЩ
ҼүˡҶе㣬ϳȿǰصһ鱦ص;Уȴߵɽˡˣ΢΢һЦںúʱǻ飬鱦һУֻһЩֵǮĻｻ˳ȥ˸ƽҡ㼯֣ٵɽ鱦Ѱء͵Ƕλã֮ȥүһܹɽ·֪Ѱ˾һ鱦õֵ˼Ҳ֪Ǹλúĵ̣Ͷָź͸λѣҰλҵ鱦λһݣͬ󡣡
һɽŹ⣬ͷĿȴЩȻһ¼䣬Ҳûʲô̰Ѳǻ˸ɵģ
鱦ĿСҶǼֵǵĻɫҶ˵˵õһܵСء
磬еǻҲʮˣ涷һǶ֣üɽչͷĿ
ãɽͷĿһʱϣҶһ졣СֵܣǾͽѣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦôǾ͹ͬ⸻ɡ
ȴ֪ԶӰӰУȴһ˫ۣԼ´


7 ˮľ
ɽգɰҡ£Ӱǰȥ
Ҷһɽı£ݶСżһֻҰҰһЩǹǿˣʱԶԶӿҶ㲻ɰЦȺҪǮıڡ
⣬ƭȺɽԼ͵ڶȺȫ˱ϡȵɽֻ׼ܴȥôҲ˦ǡȺɽҪڲһ׽ɾǼ¡
ȺɽĿǱƺһɽһ͸ðˡ
ȺǿɽϣֻһľпյϡͷĿһЦС磬ίｫһҹǾȥѰ
޷ҶһҿǴأµľһҲǡҰ޵׼Ҷˣдģȴһˡ
ɽЦһ󣬽һڡͷĿԸֵڿҶ㣬ȥ˯ˡ
ҶҲЩˣԹڴϵͷ˯ȴ˯
Ȥݱڣһ˾Ц굹Ȥ
ڶһ磬ҶҪҪȡɽɽ׽Ұζ˸·
һ·˱ҶֻҰɽ߹֮Σյ羰ڵúܡ
磬һѾɽͷһɽǰҶ̧ͷŷϣֻٻԼ֮ڣѾԼʮֽˣΧĵΣĥſںδѡ
ɽ£ʱнʮɽŵǹ˳Ϊ׵ĵһ˫ţ۴𣺡ҰСǣҵүүĵͷεүүɱ𣿡
ߵɽһҲγ˵ǹͷĿţٺһЦ˵λֵܣǶɽϵġιΪģǴֵ֡и㣿
ɲ֪˵ϸҶװţͷĿߵȴպţ
ƭأţһɤӡӳŵǹҵĵ̣Ǵ°ɣʵ˵ʲôˣ
ĵ̣ͷĿ۾һɣд֣
ǆʲôɱˣţһ˺ŵ׼ϳ塣
λúҶ㼱æվ˳֪ڼǰǷٹ·ˣ
ţ۾һɡ
Ҿ˼ҵۡҶ˵ϴҼүһ鱦ɽһضúֻǽЩֵǮĻˡ
£һɽһʱ⼸ٵˣĸǲ˶
ߵͷĿɫȴѿҶͷ˵ȺǸɽٴǸ䲻⡣ڶ֣ǳԿ
ͷĿ۾һͷ
λҶԷ˵ҼүþͻŴȡһ֪͵ĸ֪Լ˵ںúĵ̣δȫںúѡҴ·ҵ鱦úǵʱһݣɺã
ҵĵ̣ЩһҲҪ֣ţۡ
ûƭ˳ǡҶͷߵͷĿ˵ȻסͷĿذסͷĿһҶʹɫҲδֹҶ㽫ذȥ뻳С
һбţˣ鱦£˭Ҳûע⡣
ףԶһˣȴһ
Ҷ㻺ǰţЦ˵һ˵
л˵ţ˵
Ҷ˵Ҳ֪ĵ̣·ǣ˵ǣû֣һҵ鱦ʱǱϲ񣬴ֻҪһ£˶࣬Ȼɱǣ
ãţ㶣漴Цôô˵˰ɣ
ҶعͷɽͷĿգգۣͷĿҲЦиһȡжã
һ˶ЦŲʹɫҶ϶ȥ
ԽȥҶеĸӦԽԣѾסصصλá۲Χܿҵһʺ϶ֵĵط󼸲ţߣװ߲Ҫţһѡ
Ҳʱ̽뻳һ°γذףһ´ţС֮ϣţʱҽһһԾԱһ֮УͬʱУλ֣
ɱɽͷĿҶ֣ʱ˷ܵشһεŶԷɱȥ
Է˳ʱһ漴ͷӦ˹ȥţ죬ӵǹɱһȺɽһʱ䣬սһţȴûע⵽ҶѾܵԶˡ
תתҶʧԲҶ֮УߵսԽԽԶɱ΢΢һЦͣ˼Ҫٻĵطȥ
ļƣóȵģ
ʱȲ𣬵ŵҶпȴǲɫ𴦡
λСֵܲú¡
һʮĸߴл΢ЦʾѺ֮⣬һͷڱƮݡ
಻ףһ㲻һ㷲ӣҶĿһɨǿı㽥ЦʣѵҺܾã
ҹʼЦ˵ʱ̰ڸ·ȴֻһˣɽ䣬к棬ʲô꣬ȻҹֻɽУΪʿеĸ֣û뵽ȴͨꡣһʱ𣬵˰б֮ġȴСֵɽһ˵ʣȴҾȡ⿴ճֱڲ
ô֪ƭǣҶʡ
ԼʮѰɽͼô𣿡˵ֻ㹻ĸˡأ࣬ﲻ٣ȻǸԶ·ʱͷòҹɽСУĿ뱾Ҳ죬Щֹ
ºöǡҶ㲻Ĵָ
Сֵ㣬簡ֻҼۣ϶ҲǴһҲ̾ҡͷ̾Ȼһȭ׺壬ˮľɽ֪Сֵγƺ
Ҷ㣬ԳǶҶҲһȭ䲻ϰСֳöˣЩʿǣİҲѧģ
Сֵܲǽ˰׺Цˡ
һҶ˵һֻլУ飬ȴδл·´¶벻֪Цˡ
׺廰б˼ԼˮľɽǽʲôطԼ֪ɴϡ
뾩ǲԶȴٶ·׺˵ͷСֵһ·һôģ
һˡҶһЦЬѾ˼˫һֱߣûΣգҹΣЩЩöԸϸҲûˡ
׺岻ЦЦУһĹʡҶ΢Ц֮ӣȴΪ׺岻΢΢һҶ㣬ͷ
СֵܣΪʲôûͻȻʡ
ȥöɣòЩɱ֮Ҷ̹ԡ
뷨ס׺建ҡͷҪ֪ûҲ޷
⻰ǲҶͷѾ㿪ʼˡ
ôˮľɽɡ׺âʢһ˷ܡ
ǸҶ΢΢ҡͷ
ʲô׺ĿɿڴκͻȻЦˡҲ㣬㲻ǽˣҲʿ֪ˮľɽʲô
ô˵ɡЦݣ˵ʿ˾Ⱥ˼ֶɢ⣬Ҫô볯͢Ϊ٣ҪôɡǧʵĲ࣬ˮľɽһƾĸ֣ڸǾӢܼ룬ұ֤ΪŵĹŵӣԡ
ǸҶһЦȴֻ˵Ǹ
Ϊʲô׺岻ɾʧ


8 ɽ
ҶȻ˵Լ޵ħκ˶û취̵ԼҲƭ׺壬ΪֻȴԴкøУҪύôѡ
ҹɽУУал֮ģػ֮˲ύȴȥٽύʲôˣ
вѵĿԡϿҵ˵ҼھУҽɣҲҪһ֮״˵ҼŲԩֵҲֻУܳײ£ʹԩѩ
׺кøУԸ֮ύϾʶཻЩ£δ˵ϸ
ˡ׺嵹ǸˮˣʹһͷҪδȥ
ƭɽĻȫǼٵġҶ˵ɽȷʵжţȴǲƱĵ伮ҸʱʦУʦڴɽظвٵ伮ĵáҸʣֲξȥұҵظϰҸһҲɸοҸ֮顣
ԭˡ׺ͷΣʶһǸԵ֣ʲôҪҰæĵطԵϷˮľɽҡ
˵ţȡһƵƵݸҶ㡣
ˮľɽˣҲƾ㡣Ͽҵ˵ֻҪƣһΪԼˡ
л״硣ҶԴ˵ƴǣֱӽ˹ϲֻ֣ǿ˷ӵͼɽˮ
һ֦ϲ֮ԶɽĺȽ֮Ҷתͷ𴦣ֻԽԽ߶
Ҳܺ׺ʱһЦֵܣ⻰ɵüסˡ
˵ţһɽϢطֿ˲ݴԣ˹ҪҶ㣬˸׺壬ԥƬ֮ɽʱ߰˸ɽڴˣҶ㿴ԼϵһˡʱЩ˶ԡѪȻǾһս
ʱɽͷĿų˹ض׺壬ҶʵСֵܣôԼˣǺҡó׷ټԻˣȻҲˣ
һȺɽ׺壬һյǹ䱸֮ɫ
׺忴һȺˣ翴һȺϣ˿ΪҶ΢΢һЦֵܣúһ죬Ҳ
ͻȻ䣬һоʧӰ·ͻȻƾʧһһɽһɲǼ䣬һģӰ׺ֳԭ֮ЩɽһͻȻӲ˵ǹڵϣȻˡ
Ҷо֮ȴҲֻǵͷ̾
Ҷݵݣʵ׺۷һ뵽ȴܼԼɣаգ̾Ϣ
㰲ȥɡ׺˵ɽתһתʲôޣͽˣ;ɽѰظҪҪ죬ʦظҲһѰңЩлҪúúϼ
еġҶһ֡
׺幰ֻһξʧΧľïʢȴһ֦һҶҡڻζҲ֪׺˴Щľġ
ǿʿ
Ҷһʬɵͷ̾Ҷ϶ֵܽҪӾģСʱ򣬾ʹǵ߹սֵСҲɱʬҰľ󣬴ʱһɽʬ壬Ҷ㵹о
תŷĵط󲽶ȥ˿ûԼٵ˼׺ԳɽزԼ
˲ɣ˲šȻ϶˿ԽύԸΪѣǱ㲻ʱ̻ɡȴԼĿҲŲűˣԼȲ̹˳Ϊ
֮ɽѰٻȥһƬƬݴ֮УʱǱ͹Ȱɽ꣬ʱƹ¾ڣղһƬӲݣ붴С
ʱ׼ȡӺͻѣȼŻ붴С
ⶴȻڰͨ絹ãһ·ϻȼʢܡ
ڶУ˲ãͿһʯšҶ㻺ǰƣžȻһѵˣ֪Ϊ̫ãΪȥܹʲôػ
ҶҲδ£룬һС
ⶴտյֻһڴӷ롣ʽžɣļҾ߷ȻͬԼһâţȻɻҳ
Ҷ㻺ǰܣޱִǲ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ǹâһͻȻüʵ·һĻһ㣬ҶûȻ졣
δ򿪣Ѽ䣬ҶȴԼһâǹ뱣ӵĹңӦǲʱһʹɢ
ҶȻԣˣҲ׷ȥӴ򿪣ʱһ鼮Ҳа
Щ鼮ã·ӡһ㣬ϵеͬҶ㱥Ⱥ飬ȴҲϵóֻһ飬ȴħ֮ĵ伮
û뵽Ȼ
һϲа룺ʥӡħħʱԼΪҲɻģԲŻὫЩ伮ɡȫң
ӸǺãȡ͵ƾߣȼ͵ƣϸѨﶴ֮СףԿͨãȴֲ䣬ҲʪǸʺϾþӵĺõط
Ϩ͵ƣԶлص棬ųţǻɽȥ˳ƬɽѰңСʱҵɽס·ϣһֻϻʬ壬ɽϢַ˼û˺۵ɽʬ壬ƺ׺Ϊ
лˡ΢ЦɽһͨѹΣõƷȫߣֻص˶С
ڶһźã鼮ȼֺãڵ㱻죬ϣһħ֮տðգͽ꣬һжģһ
޳ʱвɲı仯ȷԼǷɳھڴ˴Ҳ֪Щ鼮Ƿʼձã˱Ƚͨһ飬סƣʱ鱾֮ļ
ħŲͬϵȴ޲ͬҲǷΪϵֻǽз죺֮ħжӦսħ֮ħжӦΪħ֮ħжӦΪħΩħֱӽħ
ϰߣӦѡսħϵ֮һϵȻչɺħϵ˷ħʥ·
Ҷͥ丸Ҷһ޵еġһϵóǴ󿪴ϵľҶԶСϰҶͥ縸ҶѡԼóսħһϵ
սħ֮ʼ֪䣬չȥУҵһ˿оֻԭҰпɼһСУһӿһ˿˿ħɢԼ֮С㱼䣬оԼƽʱ˲֪٣ȭȣȻ·ȴڶͨͨĿ֮
ãôǳħԶһߣѾΪ伶ʿˣ
мֺҴһȭĺ
º֮ͬᣬֻԭҰǵ֮Уһħڶ
ʱһצħȴͻȻǵħɣЦţ˹


9 սħ
Ҷıеĵ伮Ѿ֪ħϽ֮ʱӹĽѡΩսʤħ֮ܽΪã߻ħ
һǷƶоϡңҲ˸㣬Իң಻˶ɥңʼһұΪּһģᶨƣħң
룬ԭҰ֮ϣ·ǿҰħǰɲһػħڡ֮䣬ֻһֻħצԼֱںһʯץһѣʯϾȻǳǳĻۡ
Ȼħۣħ֮֫壬Ӣ伶
¼һĴ
˴ʱѾ˻Ϊʵʿ㿪ʼħһϵ
ħһϵ֮ϵвͬҶԴϻۣһǰ˵伮ָԽȴҲձħǷսǿʱħϣ
˲ĸºͻȻоһħ֮ԵзɳһֻΪǿħ
һΣħȴǳѺöЦӵ˵֮ʿħ֮ħ֮£ұ֮Ҳ⡣ħ֮һƾٶȿ졣롪ɱ˺þҰֳһ¾ˣֻҪĴɱǲ似˼ҲҪ¶˱ᡣſĻħףɵޱħֻһ񣬾ͬսݷΣ
Ҷ㵭һЦΪԼرģмҵԣħջ㽥صȥգħΪڡʱ䣬оԼĶĿоԶƽеϸ΢֮綯֮ӲĶ䣬ۿʱ͵Ϩʹȫ֮УҲŵʱһɴ¿嶴һӦ
ǾħӵҰްĸйﵽʿ伶
ԴˣҶӵ㲻κ似伶ҲƥСйѳ˷Χ伶µʿһһӲ˫˫֣һж־ͱٲҪϼѡ
ʱȴӼᶨ־
ˡȻЦ˼νħգʵħе˵Խǿ֤Խ󣬷֮Խ󣬵õԽǿֻֻΪȴߣȻһħа·־ᶨߣʲôħգǲֵһС¡˿ħȴΩ־ᶨ߷ȴʲôġ
˼ƶռ䣬ħҲٴʹĸӦԶͬзδߡ
֪䣬µʱҴҶһ죬ͻȻԭҰ֮ӿħһþҵزǵֱӷɳһħ
ħȫףݣͬһλսڿеҶ㣬һЦСС飬ͼħ֮£ǿЦ壬ݺһɣ
ЦУ͵ط˶ɫһȭҶ㡣
һǷƶоϡҶ֮ǰһ㣬رңԼᶨ־ȴȫáħЦУһȭҶϣֱҶԶԶ˳ȥ
޴ʹ࣬˲佫ҶΧ۵ɫ֮ı䣬ڿ޷
εħúǿȴٲұľͿսʤġ
һҧħ伮صħ֮һԺвԼһֻǻ岢޴ˣȻƬ̼䣬ϵʹʧ̧ͷħԼʱ伶ĸй٣͵һһȭħ
ħӦȴԶҲܣֱһȭӭ÷˳ȥ
ħЦţַ׷˹ȥһȭһȭҶҶ㱾ûκ似̵伶йֱȲħһʱ˰ľ֮С
˳Ӧħ֮ħһߴһ߽ţħʹ࣬Եõޱߵɣħݵɣ
޿ܣҶһŭͻȻ䲻·ػӳһȭȴħţȻħ÷˳ȥ
һϸ˼ȴԼͻȻǿΪԼ˾֮УֱܱĲ䣬Բʹħˡ
ɴϲ
ҲʱһĸоȻӣԼԭҰϵٵɢƬ̹ԭҰȫ¶ǰһħĵãȫ۵ףһڻ֮ˡ
ԭҰϷȴһ޴УЩԭҰĻħǱȫ˽ȥޱߵľħħϵ磬һħħдϣתȥ·һһ㽫ס˲ʧ
ʱħַ˹һȭһȭֺֿݣҶ޷ܿòҧӲͷƤͦס
һȭȻǽ÷˳ȥȴδκʹ·ֻ˴һƵġ
һʱħֳ˹ȭϡ
ֻϴһصĸоȴʹнǷдħħԼɻκε伮жûйеļأⶫʲô
̧ͷϣϸУħȴƣʹϾˡջ֮£Ҳȭħ˹ȥ๥
ħÿһȭ嶼һ飬ħһȭȴʹ֮£ħȥձȭ÷飬ڼлһħӿ֮ڣӿ»ħԭģ
սħ屩ȭħħڣ˫ͽұȭùҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
˵䣬ȭħɻ·ǵ֮У֮ڡǵ֮ϣɫĹâҫٲ
˲䣬ҶԭҰлصʵ۾ֻȫо޴ţʱԵһ䣬ȭħԭҰĵзޱߵħħһ壬ʱой˫֮䣬ʱԴ
վȥ滷ܣԶһƬУѡһ˴ȴֵǰվ̧ȭͷ׼͵һȭ
ˣ꣡
һƵ춯Уȭͷֱӽдϣ޴һԱˤ䣬ΧСɢӡ
ô
һϲֻͨһȭɻľôǱȭħأѰңҵһչ˫ǿ֮ܽϱסĴ䣬ħ֮ڱȭħȭϡ
ʱһ似ԺͻȻһصȭһ
ٲԥһȭϡ
һ𶯾Уҵҡ˼£Ǵִһѿ·ըҩըϵһ㡣ϰֱӷ˳ȥˤԶҶС
ڴﵽ伶ˣҶڵʱҲ͵ػȭһ
ħħΪһ壬ħڵãǿʿĹ֮ȴǴﵽʿĵļ伶
Ҷ㣬ѾһǰͬѾǺֳҶͥǿˣ
һǰЩɽǿǼʮ˽һƾһ֮ҲԺɨȫ
Ҷϲ֮ʣһҵͻȻɽһʱɽʯɹؿѡ


10 ɽ
Ȼ֮ŭȣֱֵһᡣŭ֮ʱɽҲǸСɽҲɽʯѣɽ£ڰбӣʯ֮Уʧ
Ҷһ·ɽ¼ţƴӳ伶ʿȫʯͿ񱼷ޡ
ʱӳǵһҪ£ضЩǮһӵħ伮ѾòҪ
һ·УҶȴϵᵽ˳伶İ֮УӦսвһ㣬˸ĸ
ڣɽžǰһϷһֱȥǰܣԽһƬСƽԭһԾһɶԶһɽϡ
عͷֻʯ׷Լߵɽ£ײڿз£¡
ΪȫɽбУֱԶɽ
ͷٿֻǸߴɽѾֻʣһңصɽڸһСɽϵضɽǵľӴѾɽ֮£ټա
ʱصҲѾֹͣ
Ҷ㻷ܣΧɽδܵκӰ죬о㵣ѵʥİţ
ʥ˾Ȼǿɽ
֮࣬Ҳ
Ȼδܽ伮֮еİգҶȼ֮ȽЩ伮ӲˣضȻѾڣȴʲôʧֻ䣬ˡ
ֻһڶУԼ統ʱһ㣬ֻʣһ·ˡȻһǰȴѾ仯ȫ԰Ȼ£ٲǵֻ
Ҳ֪֮ǿԼﵽ伶ھҲֻܵС٣ŽλûԶ˵Ĵ󽫾ˡ
ɽҺԵѾˡɽķһ񡣡ʹ˱شҶ㲻ߵδһʱ⡣
תش򶫶ȥ
ȥǵʱķǵóɽ򶫶ʮңһΪķǵĳǳء˲׵֣Ҳûعˡ
һ·ߣɽԽٲʱǰѣƽذԽɽ͹ȣСʱķǰ
ֻ׺嵱ʱ͸ǿƣ֮ޱҡͷһЦԶٱҲûЩ˼ˡ
׹ӷУѱɽ£ʱͨ֮ɽһ·ӣ·ദĥƣȾһһĻͷҲѾɢңǸӻġڽϣǶߣ±մһ
ҲΪ⣬׻ǰǳڣȴһɲͬڷ˵Ӣ
ĥŵδЩʲô׬ЩǮͻȻǰһλ߻
ľݣȴſԵθΪݡһ۴·߼޷裬һƮѡ
˲ʮ꣬üϸüֱݺͰʱһ񣬷תȥؿһֵģﲻסţööû뵽СطԵĺö
Ҷ̲סеǿȴҡͷЦˡ
ϾƣмƷֵǡҶ֮Ҷȥ¾õʹУҶȴСġˣ֮ǰҪȫѹħϰֻòȺ飬ԸּնЩԣȴ֪ļ֮
֮񣬿񣬵ʵȴǼ
ֵƣ򵽼񣬿ǲСʧҶֻһˣһѣҲݻΪһ񣬶ǻȥٻ֪м٣ֻҪѪ
ôˣ˹ȥ΢Цʡ
һ̧ͷһǸ泾˺ȴҲΪ⣬ǺЦ˵СֵܣϷáȥӳԣ
˵ţӻȡö壬ҪҶС
û˵ΪôءҶһЦûнӡ
㿴㿴üɫؽõҶǰСֵܣ֪ǺǴеļƷֵǵĶû뵽Ϸһʮöռˣռ˰
߶ҶüĿֻＥҶҲܴˡ˺ͰᶨԮ֮⡣
񣿡΢΢ҡͷֻŪ˰ɡ
ʲôһСֵܣѵϵ񣿡
Сʱ򵹼顣ҶһЦָ˵Ƶɫƫ̫ȻȻɣҩˮ֮ʴʵأӦҲͨİ񣬶ֵö塣
£һ͵ָƶƬ̼ɫһ䡣ϸȥԵɫһȷʵȻҩˮʴɣд
Ҷ֣رȭһ񣺡Сֵܣлѣ
˵꣬Ҷ㣬첽ȥʱһҴǰ̧ż룬ʱƹ񣬸ҹ
ôˣ
ʱһִƹӭ˳һľ㵡
ҵĺ񣡡ߺһǿνֱƹС
ȻǺˡƹȵ˵ȴʲô˼
Сֵܣ˵˵ۿƹ
״̫һҩˮʴļ񡣡ҶȻ
СҪģ㶮ʲôƹʱۡ
ϻ˵˻һ
ɲɡƹɫ˼䣬ͻȻӲ֣û˵ĵҿû˵ʲô񣬾˵ͨԸ⻨߼Լҵ£ûǿ㣿ˣŶûУ
һȣʱԺܳԲĻƣһŭĿӡ
û㡣ƹ˵ţش˵Ĺӣĳ͡Сƹϸ¹գӿɻһףءͷӣһˣԼҲڣ
˵һۣסƹ۾ʱһɽѹ֮ƹ񴭲֮Уεѹ纣ΰӿЩ׳Ļһ·𱻻צסСȫ¡
ֻҶ㣬·ʲôҲûӦһ㣬ȻЦһԣ룺û뵽λȻҲλʿţƲףӦǱö˰ɡ
˳ʱûע⣬漴߻һҶ㣬æѹתͷӣȴҶûһɳһ
ƹͻǣȴһ̱ڵأڵش·ʮɽ·һ
˻תͷŵϵƹɭȻҲ͸Ũҵɱ⡣ƹֻȫŵüæͷˣˣ
Ŀ⣬ƹ𣬼æԸƵý˵Ķʮöȡ
ڤУصľ壬һöʮö壬ǧöͭ壬ʮöͭ壬ֵϵҶƥļǮˣ㹻Ѱչһ걥ʳӡɲС
˺һջأתҶ㣬΢΢һЦСѣϷһʱ׾ʧˡСϷǺΣ
ҶҲһĶӣöأ
˲ɿЦҶȥ
ڣƹȴֳһĴ󺹣һѰصڵء
ƣƺرҲ֮Ȱƹ˵ıӰֵš


11 
Ҷһ䲻СľƵڣ˶¥˸ƧλСҶһͷɢңɰ壬üЦ
˽һȣǲɫζѵϵȲˣȻǽҶ㵱˹д
Сܷһƣʡ
յһģﻹɡҶһЦ
˲ɾ̾ССͣյҲܺôࣿ
յӾƣǷڤΪҵľƣȼʱպ֮У˵˺һҪҶܺȰѾǺþ
Ҹ˳СͰֵܺȾơҶ˵źžһˡ
ã˴ϲҪյӾƣԸҶԾٱ
Ϸɭչȳˡ˵Сأ
Ҷ㣬вˡҶ˵
ٶ·ɭһСôôһװ磬òɣ
ʵҲϲޱ߷ҶԳһЦұʤɽһɽУ뾹ȻɽȻɽһ룬ƴģȻǱǮﶼɽУóҲֻ˰ˡȴ޷
СǺˡɭЦˡȾƣðһװ
ǱǷˡҶͷҰʶ˼ٻһװ
ԣɭҶһŨҵյڣ˶΢΢˿³һھӶЦ
ʹ죡ɭЦþûˡСѣҿǳ伶ʿȴܵܵסҵϢѹʵ򵥣֪ʦӺˣ
ҴѡҶݶ
㸸ǣɭʵúǽ
Ҹǳд󽫣ѾʡҶ㲻ЩȻ
ǸϷðˡɭæٱԷһ±̲סʣСѣ֮ԣˣ
һλֳѾӾҶ˵
ƺ¥ɭһʵ
Ҳδڽ߹Ҷҡͷ֪١֮ǰʶһλѣ׺壬ˮľɽˣȴ֪ˮľɽǸʲôɡ
׺壿ɭһҡͷЦСѣ֪ϵʲôˣ
ҸʮꡣʮϣұһүүɡҲСѣһ㣬㿴ˡҶ˵ʣүүʶ
ˮľɽ˰ɭҶ㣬һҡͷ
ԭˡҶЦˡұֻΪˮľеĴȴš׾ˡ
ˮľɽڽϣҲ˵õˡɭ˵ɲ࣬һνһָŴﵽƾڻƾԪɣֻ־ùУƾԪϣҲΪࣻɣָЩŲʥ伶ɣɾ̫ˡ
˵𣿡Ҷʡ
֮ϣгһɴڡɭ˵ɵţǳǿˡǷëǰĴڣȻ⣬뽭ȾˮľɽǶϲһɡ
ƺ¥أҶЦʡ
һɡɭ֣ء
òǻƺ¥ŰɣҶЦ
㿴𣿡ɭҲЦҿɲʲôš
òҲŰɣҶЦ
кβɣɭҲЦ
治ɡҶǸȻٱԷһлүүĺ񰮡
ƺ¥һɰɭе㼱ˣҪֹҶȴѾǱԷľƺˡ
пԡҶ˵ҸԩѩҪŪһУֻҪͶСֳѾھӪұ뵽һ֮
ԭˡɭͷӲǿѡҲաֻϧۼһӲԼߡ
ʱ¥·ͻȻһֱصھ¥еĳһ±˼ֱ˺ֻ¥Ůӽţӣأ
أһӵаζСӣҵȻصúܣƽܲ𣿲ûѹϣô֪زأ
һĺЦֻ˵СӣҼү㣬ĸ֡źҼүٲĺô
λүµѾͷ£ְ̧ɣ·Ů׵
žһ죬ʹŮ޺жūִ˵Ȼ߱
ɭòüͷ壬Ҷȴɫվ¾Ʊ¥ݴһۣ͵ؽĹҽУҧˣҺȾƵ飿
һ˵һ߻ȥ
¥´УԷһ룬ʣµĶԶģҲηŲҿǰڴ룬һĻṫ˫ڻȭ򱻼ūߡɫŮūһԣؿ޺ţȴ˸ǰ
˭ǻŤͷ˹һͷɢң꣬ʱ۾˹ˣҪľȻҶԱӳԲѷҴ˳ȥ
ǣūӦһӾͱҶ˹
ҶĿһɨͿִ󲻼򵥣ȻӢ伶ʿ
ϰȴΪūȡǮƣԭҲ޵֮΢΢ҡͷΪ˵ҧΪ֣Ǿ͸ôˡ
һǰӦǶ˺˳ȥˤڵ۵ֱ
Ȼδϰ䣬伶ľһ㣿ѾħػԵеְͨȻԺһʿ֣һ¾ͱͷС
󵨣ǹӼʶ֣ȴָҶСҪģȻŹ򱾹ӵļͣǻˣϣ
ǣһںūʱſߣһӵϣҶЩһȻʿӢ伶Ƿ伶
ͨˣͨʿ˵Щ˶ɵǿߣҶһȺͯѡɫƶѳ˰ΧƳ򣬽һںūڵأ׹°Ѿݷѡ
һʱ䣬һغūкʹֹ
ҪҪӣǹȴԲ£ͻȻ󽫽˳һҶ㡣ӽ㣬
ҶģҶЦһǽ
ǹȴҲʿ´˿̲¶ɲǼڣһҶС
Ҷ㷴Ӧǿһæһոÿ˳ͬʱһ˹ȥǹԭתȦŴҲ˳ȥʱһѪۡ
ǰһţǹϣǹʱҽһڵءһţǹڵϣ̤ס󱳣һȡ
󵨣ǹӳʹţ֪ʲôˣҴңǲ
Ҷδһ㣬Цһǹӱ۵ôһ
СҪģٸҡ
ǹӺ꣬Ҷһ
Թ£һԸһ

֮ǹѾҶȵ³ѪԼҲŵòᣬٲҳǿģλֵܣҲԣҲԣ
ԭ˵˻ҶһͷϴǮ𣿴˾óö
㣬ǮǹһԵһ˺ūʱ
ūվͳһǮȡöҶ㡣ҶȴһѽǮ˹򿪿˿滹ö壬ʮö塣öҲ˹ǮȻ̧š
ɡ΢΢һЦҪ죬Ҹ⡣
ǹһںūʹվչҴҶȥ
ҶתŮ΢΢һЦǮֱӶС
СƺһˣдΣաǮ㹻ͨ˼һ꣬Ǵ߰ɡ뿪ķǣıɡ˵ӺߣֻСߴ·Сı˶ңԽ뿪Խã
ŮһǮǮǧлǮҴҶȥ
Ҷ򻺲˶¥ǰ¡
үү鷳˽ˣһɡЦ˵ԸٺȼǾԼ׵ĵط


12 ħ֮
Ǻ⣿ɭʡ
ǱĹӸӦ򵥡ҶһЦ¹ãͻŴҲ
ô֪򵥣ɭʡֻΪ伶ʿ
ֻھƵ֮аνɱˣȴ˿Ϊ⡣Ҷ˵ʱûаԥǴҪҴҴ򵹺ģȴֺɫɴ˿ֻǲɱ˵һ¡˵аղɷƲá
úãɭɵͷ
СҶ֣С˹Сηηսս
͹٣ɴˣ
ʲôˣҶʡ
ǳش˵ĴΤүС˵ƹ¥ɫһ˵šôǺã
ȻҶ㵭ȻЦүү߰ɡ
Ϊβߣɭʡ
һ֮ҲΤǨŭҶ˵ѰҲȻҪѰŮˡ˽˵ĳҲһӵ·̣Ϲʱ䣬ҲͰȫˡʱҵ֣򲻹ܻܵѡ
áãɭɴЦٱҶ㡣㣬ƾҾ㣡
롣Ҷٱүүɡ˵øˡûǮ
ܵѣȻҲܵѡɭЦ˵ʱ㲻عңҵҪúһ֡
ҶȰ˼䣬ɭֻЦźȾƣҶҲֻ
Ƶƹ񱾼ȹϵϣҶ㲻ߣԸеΣҲİ٣ֱӿһľƷǮֻǿҶ㵽ʱ飬˵ӡ
ûãϾһ֡ɭȥֻһż׳ǹĹٱ첽ƵΧһλ׽Τһǰźһڹٱӵ£ڡ
ʱڳ˶¥ϵҶɭ⣬Ѿ޿ˡʳ;ϵΤȻнкãȴҲƨˡǽΤһ´ŭһƹ㽫߷ˣұ
ûܣûܣƹڶ¥ϼæһ߸߽ţһָ¥ϡ
һƽƹת˸Ȧˤڵϣ۾¥ϣ󲽶ϡΤһŭȥҶʱһָҪģ壬ɵΪұ𣡡
㵨ҵŹΤүĿɨɭһ£δʲôתҶϡ
Ҷվǰ΢΢ͷڵϷŮŹˣҿ߾ͳֹνҪɱҡΪԱ
ô󵨣Ȼŭƾһ
⣬һѹΧҶӣȴ˿κӰ졣΢΢һߣԭǸ֣Ǳķǣͼˡ˵ǲʤɽеǿ
ҪΪصĹӱֱ˵ҶһЦΪֶ̫˰ɣ
ǵһΤʱ˾壬콫£ǼĹͣǴһ
ЦҶȥ̧֮䣬һλĻӰ߸֡
֮ʱӰʿ弶伶ǿߵԷΪн죬Ȼش˼Ҷ㵹⡣ǽĶʱ䣬֪ŮӦδǣԭز׼⽫ƴһ
ɱһɭߣ΢΢üҿ㷽ŵ֡֡
һƴǡҶ˵
ĿɨɨɭɭֻǺȾƣϲϢ飬˵һϰɡ
λҲƼˮ꣬Һһѣһ·Ҷ˵ó
Ǹã۷ž⣬͵طǰһҶ
Ӱ˲øΪŽƶһʱһǿѹɽײҶҡΣ
伶볬伶Ĳô
Ҷгһһ·ֻ䡢Ӣ䡢䣬ֻе˳伶ű伶û뵽һȻ볬ֻһ֮Ȼ֮
ԷδƷԼѾܲˣһƴ˵ã
Σ֮ʣҶ۷žâ˲󶯣ħ֮УȭħһԾޱħӿ壬˫ȭ֮ϡ͵شһΣұȭһ
ûκκÿĶ̤ǰһȭݺݵػӳȻʺϷĳȭྶͥǿħȴֲһȱݡһʱֻȭͷգıը֮·ԼħֱӳƷ硣
ȭ˲ڿײһУϢңͬʱȥ
ҶһײϣסΣȴֻվĿҶ㣬һСӣû뵽Щ£ǲó湦򣬻ǹϷŪң
ָģȻҶȭ·¡һȭʱһӵȭȴֱ𣬲һλ伶ʿˮ׼ȻΪҶ⡣
Ҷԭأƽʵȴп֪ȭʹޱȣ·Ǵ˸֮һ㣬Ҳ֪ͷûжϣȴٲܷ
ȴǵȻЦ
ֵֻֻ΢΢ȴûӹɭ۾˿֣ȴͷ΢΢һЦ
ҶֻЦȴӦǽŭͺһĻӰԣ˫ӿγһ籩
һ㣡ƣһһǰ
Ӱϵ磬ʱ뽫ֱۺΪһһƷεƤۡ
ҶĿһʱѵǸŮӦѾ˳ǣתɭ΢΢һЦʹ˸ɫʾ롣
ɭɫվҶһͷȴûתȥͻȻȭбȭħӿȭ֮ڣȭֱӶǱȭһ
Уħı֮һȭηǰȥޱȣ·һλֻɱĽǿǧȫη壡
ƾ˵һȭȴʱͬսײ˾ңһ±Ҳٲ֮ǰһʱ͡
ɣ۷ž⣬Цһƴ֮ۿҪײҶѾʣ޼ȭͷ
һײʵˣֻҶҲҪһֱۣҲҪ
һҶԭҰϿŵľ޴УȴͻȻٴ
ٲֻһħУγһħ硣ħħǸ裬ʹøΪǿγһħ֮ĳΣ
һħħע뵽ҶڣγһֿµתţҶ˲оԼħ֮ٵţתۼҲﵽ˳伶ľ硣
һںһԺ֮γһǿķ
ʱһֻȴ˹һ½סʱȭʣֻбȴֱֵֻɻ⡣
һֻ֣ȴץס˽ͬѽȫ⡣
Ƶ¥֮ϣһʱƽ˾


13 ƺ¥
ɭЦǺǵҶ뽫֮䣬Ҷס
ûʲô£ͲҪಫ˰ɣЦ˵
޿ɷдභڣٷɴۣȻӣһʱſԡ
ҶҲһϵɭλ֣ȻߵһգǽݿΪ޵ľ磬ȴûϵġ
ףԽڣȼ֮ĲҲԽ
뵽Լɭ뿪ԳЦˡ
һ뽫ֳȴ类ɽһ㶯÷ֺɫɴ䣬֪ĸ֡
ͳȴҵɭ͢٣ǲᰡ
Ҫ˵ɭһ˦ǵңҲҪЦݽһһССرҿ˭ҵ
ǣɭĻɺˡ˵ʵɲ⣬ĸ֣Ȼӡ
Ϸɭɭ˵
ƺ¥˸£Ծغһһ񡣡С񣬵еǲ֪߲¥¡
壬ǡΤĿɿڴǰҪ죬ȴһۡ
үӾȻǻƺ¥¥Ҷ㿴ɭɰЦһҶ㣬治ǽʶˮľɽţֽʶ˻ƺ¥¥ֲү˵Լţԭǡ¥
ʲô֣ɭǽ
Сͭæ˵Ǳǵر
ƽʱΪݵģɭָΤʡ
ңңͭųһ亹аΤҲӣȴ
λ¥ΤҲɵӣ״Ҳ֪ɭͷСʱЦӭ˵û
ɭȴһĿͶȥʱΤȫ亹ꡣ
߰ɡɭ䣬ҵǰʣǺ˸ĵӣڳй컯֮£ȻҰνɱˣ
ΤҪֱ磬ȴֻȫ·Լʺһ㣬޷ڣֻͭͶȥĿ⡣ͭȴҲõĶȥҲȫ˵
ɭҶһЦһһˣ
ðҶһͷ
˴¶ȥһϢǣ֮£ͭΤҲȣŸ¥һڹٱرģһҪǰȴоǰƺһǽԼǰһһֽҪ׹ԨĿֲӦʱŵ˿
ɭһ·лҶ㵱ֶСͭΤŸںߣ˵Ŀ⡣ϣ˾˹֣һָָ㣬˼ΤǸģһá
Τƽж˺ޡ
гظǰŵĹٱɭҶ󲽶ȴźµĿͭΤһǰ첽ȥ
ɭ˵ֻһۣĹٱͭΤһ㣬ŵö²ֹĻס
ɭ󲽶룬Ҷ˳ظСȻвٹٱɭȴ֮һ㣬κǰˣֻĿһɨŵһԡ
Ҷ㲻ɿ˷ܡүӾʲôʿֻƾͿôٱֱһıˡ
ԺУҪߣһλԱȴһȺٱĴӵԸڶһɭһĶʱ΢΢ü
һ֣Ĺٱ˺Լ첽ǰɭһ񣺡λķˣε㶯ŭ
ǳأɭʡ
¹ķǳأΤɽǹԱһ֡ǶˣһǱرͭһλȴȮӡ
һȮӡɭһԼЩʲôɣ
ǡΤɽһͷΤǰʣСʲô£λ˶ŭ
ΤΤɽȴֻȫ˵
ɭҶ㣬΢΢һЦͻȻһ˦䣬Τ㰡һгһסΤɽ֣ɵøʲôɭ϶
ž
˵꣬ΤɽѾһƳ˹ȥŭȣôƽʱô̵㣿λʮ꣬游һͣ游Ҳһ϶𣿡
Τɵˣ쿴Ÿף֪˵ʲôá
ɭȴһЦתſͭһ䣬ͭȫһڻָɣŵóһ˼ҳ
λΣⲻĶҵĲԡΤɽתɭһȭͻȻһ
ǽɭѲǻƺ¥¥
Ϸ򡣡ɭһЦ
ѽΤɽһƣһ˷ܡ˼ҵĴһֱԵüҡ֪ʲôˣ
ұ;˵أСѵ¥ߣⲻĶȴھ¥еϷŮŹٺƺɵʲôɭ˵ҵСѽѵӼ䣬ӾȻͰνҪɱˣ˵ãСֻýѵȭˡû뵽תۼ䣬ر˾ȻʹŹٱɱ˹ҪΪɽ˵Τˣƽʱô̵ĶŮôܵ
£Τɽ۾һɣſͭʵ½Ƿˣ
⡭ͭΤɽ۾εص˵ͷֻ֪˴ү͡
СΤɽŭΤƣһŽߵڵءȻ£ҼţתͭƽʱæûʱܽСӣ㵱ҪտɣôտΪ˼˶Ķͽտ𣿡
ˣ´ˣͭæȭ
ΤҪֱ磬ΤɽѾһ˹ȥ
ˣСҴظУصԺѣΤɽһ£ʱٱΤˡ
¥λСֵܡΤɽɭҶһȭǲǶλһ֪ȮӾȻ˻ơλģҽһϼӹ̣ܽٷ
ǾͺáɭЦһתߡ
¥ΤɽæȻˣ¹Զٷ߰ɡ¹ٸпͷܺùеĿջ硭
ͷΤˣܺүͺáɭһ֣Ҷһͷߡ
Τɽæֱͣͳ˳ظ
˳ظؽֶУҶ㿴ɭһЦ벻һԵͶԵˣȴš¥ƺ¥Ա¡
ʲô¥һƺ¥ɣ볯͢򽻵ʱﳯ͢Щ£볯дԱ죬±ߵСԼǡɭ˵ˣھƵУʹɫΪβӣȴҪͭԿ㲻֪ԼмＸ𣿡
ҵʱͦһܵԶЩҶ˵ڿȴ̫Цˡ
ɭһ漴ЦЦ֮Цô¾ûпɾϵΪˣ㣬ԽԽ˳ˣ治ܼһƺ¥𣿡
ǸҶҡͷ͢ɷ涨ɣ㲻ܴӾΪ١ҲΪȨջֻΪ׵ԩ顣
ТӸɾɭ֣صͷͻȻ۾һˣɻ飿
Ҷһʲô˼Ҷʹ˼Ʋɣ
иŮ൱ĸ֣òϵµóɭ˵
˼ưҶ㲻Цˡ
˵ɭæҪڣʱȴƳֱһӰʱüͷһ壬Ҷųظȥ
үүǣҶһãȻ
ȵΤɽסգһɭɫء


14 ħ
ôҶһ
ҵҪҪ졣ɭ˵Ѽ֮ˣȥǼ¡
ѵΤɽ˸ǣҶ΢΢ü
̫ˣɭҶ㣬ɵͷޡ
ҲҪȥס¡Ҷ˵Σյĵطȫ˼ɣ
ɭͷǳ˳ظиָǡΤɽöӶġԸңܶԸ㡣ֿǱض֡ˣҾͽиΤɽڼ˲Ѵ̡
ˡҶһͷ
˱ˣֻҪɭԼͳǣȻԼ뿪Σ֮ءҶ˼ܣ֪ԷҪԼֻҪԼһ뿪ɭıӻԼܵﶼûá
ҲͱУ
үүƾһҲԵ𣿡֮УҶ̲סʡ
ȻܡɭҡͷЩٱ̫Զұ̰֮ѹһȻ⡣֮ʿЧͲԣֻͨѡǶԷڶ࣬Ӱ֮ǵսϣѹȫôˡΤҪʹ˸ѹ顣ͭҲˡ
ⷨ֪ͽסҶ㲻ɵͷ̾
ҲȻɭһЦԸԶԼĻɣǼǼᶨߣֻʩͭҾץʱʩķҲܵ÷ס
һ·ҴҶУ˳ظУһˣʱйٱȥȴ˸ǰ
ԺУʱΤɽӭ˳һϲҲ֪Ǽ١
λȥʲôԸΤɽʡ
ЩҪ£Ҫ뿪աɭżɽСѶһˣӦٱΤ˰ϼգ֪ΤǷԸ⣿
ԴΤɽæͷΪ¥£¹ٵҡ
Сؽ㣬ҪʱɲҪȱ첲ȡɭ˵ƴŵﳯ͢ҲҪķǳظúһ
¥ġΤɽظ֤λСֵʲôʧͷ
⻰ͺáɭһͷתҶ㣬˵Ȼǳ伶ûգǷȱ²ɳǿԼǧСģ
סҶ㵭ȻһЦȥɣҵ
ɭҶ㣬в֮ɫֻתȥʱΤɽһۣΤˣտСѣұǷ飬һ˫
¥˵ʲôΤɽ˵ܰæҵҡ
ɭ΢΢ͷٿҶһۣմ󲽶ȥ
λСֵܣ֪γƺΤɽЦʵ
ҶıҶ˵ı롰ĳͬ⣬ҶıȴǡҶĳ֮⡣
֡ΤɽЦţɫȻƻ裬ҲʱҶֵܣ뵽լһɡ
˵ţǰ·Ҷź󷽵ĸլ֮УҶһ֮УűԸھ硣
ҶҪˮҪȡ˾ӣϵĳϴȥͷãʱǰͬһӵܵʱ¶Τɽ̾
ҶҲΤɽҪ·Τɽʱȡ
ʱһʮ߰·
ΤɽʱܣǴӣС
ΤòףţһǱʫ֮ˡҶ㣬ͷʩ񣺡ҶֵܣЩҵ·½δġ࣬ӦʡĻ԰ɡ
лҶؽ˹лһΤɽΤвɶ
һѹӣΤɽ̾š
ҶǰǹΪǡΤЩɻ
˵⡣Ҷ赭дһʴΤҸҲʣֻоϾ
ϯ䣬ӲʱҶ㾴ƣҶֻװʤװԺΤһһ䣬ҶĻĳɭĹϵҶɴװƣ˵˵һģҲֲľľ١
ҶԹԵȳ˸Ȼװװ˯ΤɽˣʱҶ˳ȥ͵ͷǱߡ
ΤдʱȥԼҶ˵ҶԶͦסҹͽϢɣ͵үԷԵ鷿оˡ
ҶҶȥΤɽʱʣУǺ⣿
ΤдսΤɽۼ˴˾ߣ͸Ĳɱ
ҲģΤɽҧҧֳ𲻱ҲʲΣɭǵﲻõﰡ
ȴһơΤʱЦˡ
֪ı࣬ԲŽҲΤɽ˵Уô죿
д̿ɱȴɱҶıΤ΢Ц˵ɭҲ޷ķǰɣʱֻҪϿϼᣬҲôˡ
𣿡ΤɽЩġ
ѾѡˡΤе˵Ĳ£¾䣬ѾȳԺ֡
ֻҪǾͷְɣΤɽһ󷢺ݡĲ£ʱһֳֽ˲ܲڶӰպӰ
áΤһͷ
һߣҶСĵؽҶܵΤɽԷ鷿֮С鷿ȻûдҲϢõĿΣҶԱȡˣҶϣ˳ȥ
Ҷʱ˫ۣشܣͬʱĸйҲתӦΧһз紵ݶ
ֱˣΤĶ٣пͭĲ¡Ҷ϶ΤɽΤͭʵһ֮ѣֻòȻǸضѡΤС
Ҷ㰵еЦ
ҪҶ̧鷿ȻĿġ˺֮⣬ȴ벻Щʲô
Ҷ룬ĵ鷿תһȦ˵κ󣬱αߣϣٸϱӣαװͷ˯ӣһŴϸãҲȫô˨˨ȴ˿ܵһȴţԼԡ
Ϣ·һֻȴޣǱš
֪ΣգҲڣڵȴ֮УתħһͶԭҰ֮Уڿеħ֮硣
ͭʱѸӦħ֮ʹԼħ޽ӽ伶ԼҪһַžͱɭϣԼȴûܳɹ
ʱٴθӦħ֮ħʼǷ֮֮󣬱һħ֮з˳һ֮Уʱǵбħɳڿлûһħ
ħڿУ۴ҶҪֹ̧ħ֮ȴͻȻһϵ磬ħ塣ħһ׹䣬ˤǵ֮ڡ
֮ȴǵٴηɳĿҶ㣬˵ħ岻ħͽҲħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ħ֮ӿҶڣԼоһŷԼڳͣԽԽ
Ƿ֣лصħ󷨣


15 ٻָ
ħ󷨣
ҶĬ֣ⷨҪ壬䣬ʱҴȴδ
ʱߣµգš
ʱһӰȻϣŵؿӣһ顣
һҶʱľ֮˳â׼
˷һȴӰţؽǴ򿪣̽ͷȻǺҹһ¹⣬ȴܽ￴ֻϱڹȻͷ˯΢΢һЦ
ȻɱҶ㣬ϾרҵĴֻ̿ͣǾиֶѡĴ̿ͣǼһȴӰڣͻɡ
õϢԷȼȻ൱似ȴһ㡣ֺ˾ƣټԼǰҹ͵ϮռƣҪ֮ɱ¡ˣҲ˿û֮ģǴӣ˽ȥ
ҶȵľһԾɲǼ䣬Ͷȭħעȭ֮ϣ͵˺Ĵȥ
˷ӦҲǿ죬һرͻȻо󷽲ԣ漴ȭʱھ֮пһ
ҶһȭбѾãôöģ˵һУι֮ϣȭʱļιֱӴ顣
ʹһǰعһֻȴѾ᲻𾢣ֻǿĿҶ㣬ȭȴңָҶ㡣
㲻Τɽ֪ı¶ȴƴȣԼ̿͵ݰݵõˮ©
ΤɽҶʡ
ǣһҧ𣬲ȡͷĲݣˣ޹أȰĪ˻ˮңΤɽ
ԭˡҶ㻺ͷǰ͸㡣
˵ţȴͻȻ첽ǰһȭ˴ȥ
֪ƭҶ㣬ɴҲϻһȭôһȦһͽҶʮһȭƫҶ㲻סǰһһҶϣʱҶߵ÷˳ȥˤڵϡ
ԼɭȻʹҶȥ
һţƴߵλǡôҶ׵һʵѾҶ׵߶ϡҶ㵹ڵϣֻһľƺѾԼģкȻ
Ľŷо̾ü˼似ֻƾħǿǲɵġ˹õĶ֣ҪԴרֻ·Ҳᱻôߵ
˼֮䣬ڷתȴϢʱԼѾĥ˰εǡħ󷨡
ʱԭҰУǳħڶڿлӶ˫֣ħķ˲һǱҶ֮СǶѵǣٵػָԭ״ò˶ãָܻ糣
ΤɽɱңͲ»ƺ¥¥׷Ҷⷢʣʱ䡣
׷Ц׷˭ȥֲΤɱ㣡ɱΤ˵Ĵ̿ͣΪ˯鷿Уд̣ȴɱˡʱΤ˻¥Ǹ¥ʲôΤ˼ˡ
ǺöļơҶߡҪ֪ûв͸ǽ
Сӣԡ˵ܳΪһǳߣڳ͢ûк̨ɭ˵ҲǱ͢õһöӣΪԼǳ͢ԱҶΤ˶֣͢Ȼŭƺ¥ҲҪǣˣΪ볯͢Աԣ
ҲδءҶЦǿɱΪүӺΤɽ߹һֻΪԼ롣
˶һߡҲϻˡСӣһһʹ졭
˵ţƸ߾٣ϣԵ÷絶һƾͷ·ıһѿնһеĵ
ƵҪնµɲǣҶͻȻĶȫ·Ҳȴ֮ڱܵĶٶ֮죬˵ķӦٶȡ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶѾСȭÿһȭ˱ȭħǿµƻȭ籩꣬˲йСϣ˵һŤֲŴסС˵ϣһš
ôôܡţǿ̧ͷҶ㣬ŵɫ
һȷʵ߶ҵǡҶ㵭һЦзԿٸԭ
ѵѵķ֮Ҳ˳伶˾ֵҶ㣬ɫøΪ԰סôţκֹͣ˺۾Ҳٲܱϡ
ϧҶ΢΢ҡͷָס˫ۣʹ֮£
д֣ȴΪ˳䵱ӥȮ캦֮¡һ£ȴǰˡ
ҡҡͷӺ£˨ãȴߵ֮ϣ𣬽ɨϣ˯
һʱ֮һӰ˴ߣȴΤСⴰǴ޷򿪣һתǰԣһüͷ壬ɻ뿪
ʱһӹٱŻѣΤеĴ´ҴҶǰţţҶֵܣ쿪ţ˴̿ͣû°ɣ
ʲô̿ͣﴫҶžһĹǷ漴һףϵʲôˣ
ʲôΤһ
һЦҶţΤһ֡Τְˣˣ˯㣬һͻȻ˳Ŵ˵ҪɱʲôΤɽҵʱһͰˡӿȻ˯ڣΪ˸ء
Ц۾ΤУöԷ﷢ë
ǽȥΤòҶÿ󣬴ż˽鷿ڡ
һһڵϵĴ̿ͣΤеɫʱͱˡ
ôΤʶҶһ΢Цʡ
ȻȻʶΤлæ֡̿ͣһΪ鷿а˯ǼҸԡЩҶ֣
޷Ҷ˵ѾҴˡתΤһ˵Ȼһ٣Ҳлˡֻ⸮ڵķҪǿôʲô˶Ǳýأ
ǡǣΤεͷȴ޵ֱҧ
ôһҲȫҶҡͷ̾ϢھˣԽԽ£ǲסˡˣΤֵķҹҾ͵ΤǱ߼һ°ɡͲΣ˰ɣ
ҲáΤεصͷһʹɫ콫ʬ̧˳ȥһʦȥϡ֪ܵʲô˲ųɡ
Ҷ΢ЦؿϷٲԡ
ҹ˾һңҶ˯ü̹ΤȻεԼֳɱԼµˣֱɱվȴǲҡ
⣡
˯Ҷ㣬޺޵š
һƣҪȴɭͷǵë
ôһ
ţͻȻ֮ȴЦˡ
ˣôˣҶı˭Ҳû˵ǸӵĲ
ҶıŰɣ


16 ǣħ
˴̿͵£ΤɽôҲװųһȴԼԼһѵ鷳ҪװҶǸҶ㲢ûֱ˵ʲôָɣذһ٣˼û뵽ظķҲôãķξͿ֪ˣ治֪Τɽôɵġ
ΤɽɫףȴûֻЦﰵ
ΤҲòУΤɽǰ޴һͨΤɽ˾ֺΤɽһΤɽͷ綷
Ҳ˭֪һûʲôգʵȴôΤɽпࡣȥĴ̿Ҳǳ伶һһĸˣȻˣȴûˡ
ҹô࣡˽ţ֮øҶӱ˳𣡡
ΪǸͨգΤɽҲˣıɭлƺ¥
磬ǲýʱΤ΢΢һЦơ
ʲôƣһʡ
Τ΢Ц˱㶼Цˡ
ֹһ죬ҶھΤл˽Ҷֵܣʲô˼ҽҪԣ֪ûȤ
ֻһ²СҶһЦ
ǱȥɡΤЦ˵һû֪һȺţҲ˼
˰ɡҶ֪ΤжȻʲôԸԼļıƾơ
үʱܼ˽룬ԸҪҩɱһ©Ȼֵ
£ΤЦˣ߹ȥҶ֡Ҷֵܣעġ߰ɣȻҲڸڴˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȥˡ
˼㣬Сϸڶǰ׼ˡΤУȻһɫ⵹Ȥҿ㻹ܶʲôֽŰɡ
˳˸мʮȺбǣһ˴Уþͳ˳ǱԶɽֶȥ
ʮ·ɽִΤԱҪݸҶһҶȴһ֣ûҲô
ΤһЦԼװһں󣬱סһڱо飬ʱɢдߣʺϵ޺ҰޣŸϵ롣ΤҶڶȥϱҰޣΤбȥʱ˼ֻҰãֻҰ¹
ôԣʵĵúܡΤ̾˿ţҲȫСޣȤζһΣ
㡣ҶһЦ˵ˡҵҪʹʲôơ
˴ǰ뿪˹ٱı֮Сһ·Τвס¹ƺѰʲôÿÿֺ󣬶ı䷽ƺڰʲôǵָСҶۼ翴ľٶȴ
һѾҶï֮ӽɽţȻͻȻһҰ޺֮ƣȴƸֲҶһ½Ҷ˦ȥԼ緽ˡ
Ҷǳ伶ȻᱻˤڿһšڵվȣŤͷһȴΤѾɱԶȥԭȻûо֪ʲôԭ
Ұ޺ңҶһü룺Ұ޸ͷ϶Сǳ伶ǿߣʲôҰ˵ң
ţһӰͻȻڷݶһ͵תȴɵɴۡ
ǰһͷɫǣ峤ﵽһɶ೤ǿ׳սҪһȦȫѩףһëһ˫ȴǺѪ֮ɫڵͫҶ㣬ϸʱȴɷÿֻУͫȴŶУȥǹ졣
ޣ
ҶʵһûϵΤоȻҪֳ֮ȥԼ
лʿһ㣬ҲΪߡӵб仯֮Ա仯ΪԼͨ࣬ǿޱȣǿԿǻۣԣǿʿҲҪľĴڡ
ǰֻǣ͸ҰζĹâȻֿǻ۵ĸ߼ޣҶоҲԶԼ
Ҷ㲩Ⱥ飬ȻҲ˽⡣ЩǿļһгǳΧģһ㶼ǳ֮ңɽ֮С˴ķֻжʮ·ôܳޣ
ˣΪѾסԼзһĵͺţȻҪ˻
Ҷɫأ䣬ȭħѾϣ۾֮Ŀʱ׼֮һƴ
ɲǼ䣬Ƕˣٶȿһ㣬ҶȻѾ׼ȴǷӦһצ÷˳ȥһݴС
ǿϵۣҶһվͷʱǰѪۡæħ󷨣ƤۿɼٶȿٵϣƬֻ̼ʣǳǳѪۡ
ǼվתƺѾƶɻɱԵ˶
Ҷųʣȥ׽̵ֳҶͥʱĻǿȻ£ȴҲܼǱܡǺǿжս˵ĽԽ죡ǿУҪΪԼùȴҪԼȫ֣侲ԵУǿûʲô£
ӲģӾϤ磬Ӷӵóצ
Ωһս
Ҷ㶢ǣһΣľٱУйٱøΪѾҰޡ
Ȼ䣬ǶһΣҶȴܲ׽ĶԼʱ򣬱ʱһԷԾ
һ˶գ˲һ£ҶʱվȣȭͷųǱȭһ
ħ֮аĿ֮һȭֱӴǵĲ֮ϣһļ
Ҳһļѣ
ǵ֮ǿҶȭһҲǻʲôֶοԻ
㻹ǻҳⰡҶĿǣɫȻҾôĿУ
ЦţͻȻӣǳ˹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬һԾѧǵ˻ȭצ˱ȭħ֮ȥ
գûѧ似
ǾѧǰһλʦǱܵĻɱ֮ΪβΪã
û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼһ֮£ȴԣҲԾצֱҶıϣҶֱӴϡ
ʵĲ̫ˡ
Ҷӿһ˿Σűϵʹ࣬ٵħ֮
һʵ̫ݣϵ⣬Ĺǡ֮ȻٵϣǵȴҪһʱܸԭ
ȴҹĴ̿һ㣬ڷϻ֮ϢĻᡣֱ֮˹ſڱҶĲҧȥ
ѪڣɭɭݣֱҧʵˣҶһŴͷҪʱĿУ˲䱻ʳ¶ǣ
ҶоǰδеΣ֮У˲䣬ɱøͬ񳱰ӿԭҰ֮У۵Ĳħȫתĸԭٶߣ
Ҳʱħ֮еһһħ֮ϡ˲һֻɫľ޴ħХһǵ֮зԾʱܵħ֮ϵϴµ֮ڡ
ٶȷɳʱԡ
ħħͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
˲䣬һƵħϢҶɢ


17 
ħ
Ҷ΢΢Уȴϲ
˵ħϵϵͬ⣬ϵսħħħ޷ͬ޵ġҪôóսħҪôóıħҪôǼħ޿ħͬһ֮ڡ
ڣ漣ȴҶϷˡ
ΪʲôΪǷħʹΪԭҰɵħ֮磿
ΪʥĴ͸
˿̵ҲܲôˡǧһĹͷ佫ħ֮ӳʱһħϢɢ
ǱŴҧĿڣһͣغҶ㣬ȴٲǰ
ħתţҶƳָ֮վһ£κβʡ
վԭأȴȲǰֲӿ
ǺڵħҶ㲻΢Ц
ϰһϵʿгɣҲڵǿͬΪãߣΪսҲһϵǿϵơ
Ҷվԭأ̧֣֡
ǳţ̽һǰҶʼûʲô󣬲΢΢˫ҶǰȻֱͷ­
Ҷ֣ͷϻظ˼£Ҳֻǹ˳ضţ·һֻ˳ļȮ
Ҷ㲻Цˡ
ΤУҪǸУȴû뵽ҿħһϵһֻǿ衣Ҳδ뵽֮°ɣ
޲ӦԶɽΪγҶ㿴ǣʵ
̧ͷ˫ͫ۾͸˳ӵĹ⣬ȴǼеСèСһ㡣
ʻҳˡҶԳһЦҲ޷شˡʶԵߣԹûҵˡ𣿡
ǶͻȻͷһХǻش
Ҷͨԣɱοǵͷϸǵ۾ȴ˫ͫʵͫף֮ͫһͬɫϸߣȥͺӵ˫ͫһ㡣
ѵʮۣҶ۾һ
ħ伮жħһϵ֪ʶ֪Уӵо޴Ǳʣͨ˳ʥ˰Ϊʥߣ䳬ˮ׼ʱͻͫͬɫʮΪʮֻۡһһ˿γ˫ͫļ
ҶȻҪϲˣΪ˵ӵʮ۵ޣպϣΪʥ޵ޡ
ͻȻõôһֻ裬ܲˣ
Ǵϲ΢΢ͷָǵĴͷ⣬֮С֮Ǹˡܺãܺá
ȷʵܺáһҶЩȡΪѾǳ伶ʿйǿҰޣߣδʱȴδΧбˡ
ǾȻҲûִܷˣʱͻȻ㵣͵Ťͷס𴦣﷢вĵͺ
ҶתͷǴֻһλʮ߰꣬£Լ΢΢ͷ
괩һɫĳʲףϴŴЦݣȴʱ͸̲סη֮ĵ֮⣬ƽꡣ
ºù򡣡Ҷ㵭ȻǾȻҲָܷµĴڣ
Ϊ֮ʵ̫󡣡˵㣬һΪǳ伶ǵʵҲ伶ǿƥУ㾹Ȼܽʵ˾ֱ̾漣
ҡҶ˵֮񡣡
ʹˣҲֻܽʵԶԼްҡͷЦλֵܣ㳬Խȼǿߣδţδ
֮ԵɡҶǣḧͨԣ겢޵⣬ҲͶ׷ֻǶȴٷʾ
һƥǣ겻̾һעãͻȻҶ㱧ȭһ񡣡λֵܣ֪ܷң
ҶǣĻһ㣬Ҳе˫֮ͫѾʧͫ¶һ˿ǣƺҶ㽫Լꡣ
ӦҲӦҶεһЦ£ǱǸˡ
Ҳաҡͷ̾ϢһӲ㹻Ķأ
ǸҶҡͷ
ֵȱžܾ국ȻЦʵ˵ԷһأҾѾע⵽㡣һأҩסԼʹ֮Хھȴһʼʹ˺֮ġֵ֪ܿע⵽
ҵ֪뺦ҡҶͷֻû뵽Ȼȴˡлѡ
֪Ҫ㣬ͬˣɻʡ
ֻû뵽֮ѡҶһЦ
ҼʱŴӹٱҽ֮ԣȻǳ͢ˣСĺ㣬ʵֻ¡˵
޷Ҷ˵֮ǰңڸҡ˵ţǵͷǱ˳صͺһ
ҿǴӹٱ˵Ҳۼˣٲõơ
Ҷָָǡ
ͷ
лˡҶ˵
Ϊ΢΢ü뵽Ǻ㣬ǲֽȥֲ㲻졣֮ΧǱʵǴա
˵òҶͷһֽ˳ȥ
йٱѡɱҲɱЩٱ
а취ҶһЦ
ᣬȴָڶٱӲԼӵиλ丸λȻԲġɱĸȻҪر׷ɱ㡣ʱԱ
׷ɱҶЦˡ׷ɱΪɱ֮һص׵ߡ
ʲô겻ȻҪȥ𣿡
෴ҶҡͷɱߣȻ϶֣ضɱ׷ȴݶ飬׷ȷǷҶɱˡûʮ֤ݣͲҹȻ֣ȻҲǳԲ˶ߡ
Ҷ㣬й˸סͷû뵽ƫƧɽҰ֮УֵǲУ
ˡҶ΢΢ҡͷ
Ͼ΢֣صسҶһȭֵ֪γƺ
Ҷ㡣Ҷֱ겻һС΢ΪǷԽȣ³ˡ
ҼˡϾ΢΢΢һЦŽһ죬ֱȻ쳹¡
ּԡҶͷ
ʶһһǸСɡϾ΢һ̧֣һâҶ㣬Ҷ㾹Ȼֱǹ䵽ǰӦ
ҲΪǹ⵽˽ʱԵʡ
Ҷһ̧֣ǹץУչһȴһöĽָ
˽Ϊ䡯Ͼ΢˵κηУɻԲ˵СϻһʯۣҶֵʯǶУ
μ棬ɺˡлᣬرҶ΢΢һЦָϣȴûκƴǡ
ãϾ΢ɿЦΪ֮۷ģǧлƲˡҶֵܣ»Լء
˵һѾӰ
иԵҶ΢΢һЦָϵĽָ
κʿϲǿʿٷγɸǿʿʹáǿߣԷ춯صķֱܽߣֻµλҪԶԶһɵŰɡ֮˴󷽣ϲΪԸҽύôֻһֿܡ
Ҷ˼ţƬ̺һЦ˿ǣͻȻһԾﵽǱϡ
һѩףұȡֽСѩӰɡ˵߰ɣѩӰζ֣Ҳûˡ
ѩӰһХҶԾȥ


18 ħ
ѩӰּ䣬Ϣ΢紵Ҷʱһ㡣
ҶǱ֮ϣ˼ȴԭҰ֮СħУо޴ħɢע֮ڣǱѽõħ·ɳźâҶš
ڶУҶԼоڵ˱仯ٲֻսħ֮ʼӵħٶоԼĸйٱøΪҲˣΣҲԼӦ
ɲǼ䣬ħħͻȻӿڣһԺγһ似
צ
ͳɳƵԺлص似Ĵϸڱ㶼Ժɡ鲻Խ̧ӿָ˵ĺâһӣ絶аצӰֶڿҫ
ÿצӰȶﵽһңڿ˸²ʧ֪Ρ
Ҷ˼һԭҰ˳ʵУָ̧֣ϱʱк˸׼ǰһ͵һ֡
צӰնӹǾɲǼ䣬ѩӰҲ߷ӶֻǰеķһǾʱϳأпƽܱն
ҶͷӣɻһЦ
צȱȭһȴǵķֱ֮ӵƻȴڱȭһˡ
糣ԴȭԼеӵγɵƻྶͥһ㡣
ΤУŰɡҶ㵭ȻЦ
ͬʱһϣ֦ͷ֦ͬһ΢Цȴ֮⣬Ͼ΢
һλʮӣޱ飬Ű壬һ·Ǳɽһ㣬겻ůֶעҶıӰ΢΢ҡͷ
ȻպǸ͵ǡϾ΢˵ڤҵۼǿ֮պҪư£ȻһսʱҶ㣬ܾǵĴСʱɱҲӦ
ۿһӣСȴԮ֣Ƕôʹ£Ͼ΢ȻЦ֮ͣСţϳɳճΪʱٹ֮һּߵĳɾ͸У
ֻΪ޵ĳɾ͸УȴȥˣΪǡҡͷ
ֻ֪ΪˣϾ΢ҡͷҲлҵ壬תͶҲδ֪С׬ʿ
ҡͷŽܻʱ̬Ȼ˿ûκϲѿ⡣Ȼʵȴп֮ʣɳһѰᱨСָһ㷲һСݾʹ౨֮ģǳ롣
ˣһλ൱ĶĥԼѵãϾ΢Ц
ΣҲͬ˵Ѱټмգò׽Ⱥ֮Ҫ֣ȴȥףѪԺʮۡ
Ҫ˵ˡϾ΢вá£ԼеԼ⣬ֻǸҰΣҵĸʡ
ס˵ͷٶ˵һ䡣
߰ɡϾ΢˵Ⱥɽ֮УܽһֻѪޣѰһֻˡ
ǡ˲˵ֻϾ΢գۼ˱㶼Ӱ
һߣҶѩӰ˳ԭ·أԼľ߶ȼУйٱøΪʱ̸ӦΧĶʱ㷢˹ٱټȴѩӰһӻУʮֽ
Ƿסͬ˵ζҶѩӰ˵
ѩӰ뿪ǴһȥƬ̺һƬݰСҶȥΤϣٱ£صȴš
ôˣȥѰôûΤвͷš
ӣҲǵĶְɣһٱսսʡ
ӦòɡΤҡͷѾǧСˡ
ҶľȻӳǵצһٱСĵʡ
ΤгƬ̣˵ȥ֪ͨҪܶסΧһҶıʱżɱʱǽǳ鲼ɽУûǽгԵòʱٽʬأʱɭϼһֻΪǱˣȴֲͷϡ
ǣٱʱȥ
öġ
ҶڲݴЦš֪ʱһûᣬٲ֣ٱϹʱ㲻ðˡ
ʱΤԥƬ̣Ҫתͷɽ֮ȥʲôΣգҪԵȫȺ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһѩӰѩӰʱ⣬ʱ͵Բݴг˳ȥͬһ󼲷һΤ
ΤҲ治֪ѩӰ˻ϢȴӦͷ֮£ѩӰһצץŵһȥ
ȴùʱҩҩδȴ屳죬δܶܣѩӰһצĵڵأǾ飬޷
ҶıΤڵϣѩӰϵҶ㣬ɾʧô
û뵽ҲδˣΪɣҶѩӰϵЦΤУǰιңɴ̿ҹɱ°ܣδ׷ȴֱıҺǰɣȻˣҲ㲻ˡ
㡭Τŵòᣬ·ӡ
ѩӰҶָʾѾͳΤУǰΤвѩӰӲƴͷתһ򣬵ֱѩӰס
ȴԲģһȥ
ҶѩӰţ֮УȲɱ
ѩӰʱҶָӣס׷ϣΤ׷ڣȴ޹ٱ֮
գҶһѩӰΤǰ
ǣӵٶơȻͬٶȵĻֻҲǸ䡣
˰Τмͬʱȫƺʲô˲õ似
ϣҶѩӰʱ˶ϡ
Τ˫͸֣֮ӿһȭͬ㼤ƲҶоƺԼȭһ֮ϡ
¼ɡҶһЦ䣬ָϺ·ֵһ㡣͵ѩӰԾջֶצӰʱڿҫΤС
ΤзһȭʱѩӰͷײһһУѩӰͷһᣬغ˼վΣΤȴһƨɵڵϡ
֮ʱҶצӰѾӹ塣ֵڵϣԼʲôԣһʱŵòҶ
ʲôҶ㡣
վ֪ˡҶһЦȥɲԸԼһѪ
ѩӰҲ֪غˡ
һһƺ㿪ԼΤио֣ŲҶצӰɵ˺ȴʧġ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫչ֣κ˾ͱѪ۷Ϊ飬ͨͨصڵϡ
һѪ죬Ҷ㲻΢΢üսϵʬ壬ҵģȴҲټֱԼУĳ
ʱԭҰϿħ֮ȴɢޱߵħ顣ʱоЩ֫壬죬ûκθо
ħ֮ƴޱߣԭΪ¾ߣδΪߣδΪаʹȻħѭϢ֮Ϊаħ֪߲һѪ飬αΪ䶯飿
һͳҶԭҰ𣬾þûص
һʱ䣬и


19 ɱ˷ʬ
ߣδΪߣδΪа
ħѭϢ֮
һΪа
һʱ䣬ҶֻпħĴ֮ȴȫˡ
зһжӦǱõľãľͳ
Ϊ󣬺ڰΪ񣬵޺ڰ˲Ϣڹ֮Уȴǿ಻ԡ
ĴҲʧȥ壻ƶ֮Ҳʧȥ壬ججٲаǷǡǲ֮ܳʹ֮ʱȴҲֻǿ̣Զĥ
˭˵ǻ£
ͨ˴ҶֻԼȥĺ֮дһ˿ǣҲɢ
ͷħ֮ȴǴ
⣬ħħ簵Ͻй⣬ȴȫȫǰκηֱ𣬾һƬຣ
Ωתⰵֻأ˼
һƬˣκħڵ֮ջҲЧ
Ѫʬ壬ȴשʯľһ㣬޲Ϊ֮ġ
Ȼ䣬ʬԱߣһֻ˺ѵĲǴһǣԼ͸һ⣬ƺǷ
첽ǰܿѪȽǴȡȴһöССĺɫʯʱ΢ȡ
ʯҶ㵹ϵô
ǿ飬ȴҲʯʯߣᾧ̺Ÿֲͬʿǿıһöʯȴǻϵʯеġʯ̺֮ԣʺϵԷųǿ⣬޴ıը
Ҷ̧֣ȴָϵĻϣһССİۣϾ΢ԣһЦұﰡΤУ㺦ҲɣȴһȴеĽ٣˰
΢Ц䣬ָ£ʯսָⳢԷ롣ʯȴȰҪ˲٣ȴ޷װ롣ҶӲһ£䷢ħͬʱ˽ָʯ֮УʱָϱӿһʯǰʯȻҲı״Сǰ֮УȴԶӦǰۣϣ·ԭһ塣
Ҷ̾һӦŴʱָоԼֻҪһʯеıըǿ֮ҪԼã֮ʱضˣֻײϣҲҪѡ
ⶫڹؼʱ̾ıţǲѲʹáҶţָϡ
Τеʬ壬̧׼Ǵħӿ֮Уʱ㻯˻Խָзڶڿۻһ̽ҶǶֻ̽ɢƤۣһס
ͬʱоһǽָϴԼһԼһǻ̽Ŷ΢΢ͷڣĿʬһ潣ȥУȻɢһƬ̺û
治ϨҶ֮ŲݵʬȥʱһƬľȼȼ
Ҷ㻺ˣȫشǻ治Χӣֱ𳡷Χﵽ׺󣬲Ż䡣
ʱЩ㼯һ߷˻УΧֻʣǺ˵̡
ʱժ£غúѩӰԶȥ·ϣѩӰʵǷܹ仯ΪͨࣿΣܱΪƥá
ѩӰͺһڱм䣬ν仯ͷΪףצ£Ϊ㣬ȴǻһƥߴĿҶɽȥ
㱣⸱ΣǧҪҶ
һ·ݡɱƾѩӰԼй٣ܿЩΧԼĹٱһһɳ۶ȥ뿪ɽ֣˹ٵջصķСҶֱӻص˳ظУװһ˾ӣź
ΤɽõϢʱӭ˳ֻҶһ˹һ
ǺգҶװ£ΤˣɴȥӦӰɡ
ôΤɽе¡
ԣɽﾹȻһֻɶ೤ǣҶһµӡʵһ¾ͽɢҺͶʧɢۼǵĶ֣˻֪ͨ㡣
£ΤɽװȣͬʱҲľ˿ͭҪԴȥѰΤС
ҶаЦװ£ǣֱӱ˺լԼͷС
ͭһɱϱɽ֮УЩڳĹٱһֻǷһɽֻżʲôҲûз֡
ǻյüǳףһصİɫľңʣʲôҲûСΤƤӹͷȫճ˻ҽɼеĻ׺ݡ
ǻ˸֣϶ܷе쳣ͣľճ˰ɫҽôȴûԶӣ
ڿͭҲǲֵıѣȻһ
ȻҲΪȫȤԵʡֻǹŴѰΤеټΤϮĵطΤƥѾһϢ⣬
ϣͭΤǡΧ޶ѪΤӦ¡ǣʶѰټټԼ̤ˣѾûʲôǡ
˼죬ǰ׻һ⣬ȴ޷֡
⼸ɰΤɽȹϵһ㡣һǵԼӰȻΤΤɽӣҲΤɽһˡ
Ҷ㵹ڡȲ迴飬ֻڵúܡȥΤɽð˲ͷһѰ֮£ȴҲûĥԸҶˡΤȻ֣һԼûǱļƣҲÿ˵ΪԵʣźΤг£Ҳһͷ󣬵ڲ˼ʰҶ㣬ֻŰæΤˡ
죬Ҷģ˳ظڽתӰһֱԶԶ֪ΤɽˣҲΪ⣬һҲ¥ڴ£Ҫ˲裬¥е˵
ɣ˵ģȻ³ʥĹ¡
£ǰΪʥ˷ʥȥġʥĹ£ֻϹŴ˵Ҷȴһܡ
֮УҲһʥйӴȻУ
ʥϾѾǾԶĴ˵Ȼһֱķ˵ȴңԶɴˡţҲֻ£в޶ٹ˵˵Ҳ⣬ʥӡħʱȴ˷ܡ
ħǺû˵˷񣬶ٺжǵħջ󣬶а·˵һ󺦣ʥӡħǴġ
˵˴Ҳͽˣƫƫλ˵ħʹȴûħĲ·һж񣬽ħ𣬶ȴǴħղŻ᷸
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ̲ס˵
λֻ˵Ϊһнħաôʡʿδħ֮ǰԺħԺħδ֮ʱ֮˵ħȴȫ֮һ䡣ô˵Ϊ
˵δϵ˻ʣһʱ䲻ɴסȴ֪λش
λ˵ò١֮ʱˡ
һŮӵ綣һ࣬ȥ˾ʢһˮôˬ졣
ţ¥߳һŮݣȥʮӣ˴Լͬѩһ㣬Ҷ΢΢ͷ⡣


20 ǿħ
Ůһ̽ͷ·еˣŲϿŮҲΪ⣬Ҷһͷһ𣿡
лҶ㿴ŮӣܾʶĸоԺȴҲҲڴŮӡжЩɻ󣬻¥
Ůһ֮ڣҶ¥ϣɲСŽ˰ᡣнŮһˣҶ΢΢һ񣬱
Сϲߣ˳ȥ·˵Ѿ꣬ϢȴһŮӣس
ӵļ⣬ȴ볣˲ͬġŮӿҶ㣬ԡ
ѣδƫġҶǫһ䡣
ʹӡħ֮ǰ֮ôħ֮أŮʡ
־㲻ҪħҶ˵ħ֮塣񣬿ɵûӣǿ߲ſħ
ǿħŮ΢΢üвáô˵֮½ߣ
ֻǿҲħްˡҶһЦ
ȴܹͬŮҡͷӦǡ񣬶ħŶԡӷŲҲ˵֮ʱаħߣȻǶߡ
ȻҶҡͷ˵ˣħԴڵ塣ߴȴδΪħߴȴδΪ񡣲밵һڣศʹѭϢһ㡣
ô˵ϱƶˡŮӲΪȻ
ϵƶ֮ƶ񡣡Ҷ˵ħֲֻͬιҪȾ֮߷ʵҲգȴɱߣȻΪħջ󣬵ܵջȴиջΩǿ߿ޡĽǿаȥǿ֮ϴ·ȴħ޹ء纵ѼӼӾڼΣĽҲͶУ䲻֮Ǽ֮
Ϊħ绤ߣټͶŮת䡣
ҲΪħ绤ֻʵʵ˵ѡҶ˵˿£ǷΪ׼ʵȴǴ˽Ӭ棬ûʬ޷ֽΪ࣬Ϊջۣȴʬѡ
ŶģȴеŮת΢΢ͷһǲܽħ֮˵
ˮʱûǧɱ顣Ҷ˵˽Ծ黼Ȼضԣˮкƶ񣿲Ȼеļӵѡħˡ
ôһ˵ҵеˡŮӵ˵ͷ漴һЦۣɲҪٶ˵ϲģֻһǿħͻʱ㷭Ҫ֪ϾһеģȴûҲ޷
Ů仰ȴҶһ̲סϸŮӣԼһˡ
ŮӼôԼüͷһ壺ӵĿЩʧɣ
ǸҶ㵭ȻһЦֻ⻰ȴһˡҿʱ֮Уϸ˶ԨԴ׺ǹʲôˣ
Ǽ֡ŮӾ㾹ȻǼֵѣ֪γƺ
Ҷ㡣Ҷ㹰һ
ŮȴǾһԭҶ㣿
ҶЦʡ
ֹŮЦˣźܽˮľɽأˣҽ׺ƣЩҸ֣Ǿͽƽɡ
ƽ㡣Ҷ΢Ц֣ʩ˸׺๰ֻ˶ǽŮɣԵúˬ
ֲ֪ǷҲڳУҶʡǴʤɽһã֪Σ
ڡ׺˵Щ֮£Ҳ˽һ뿪ڳеϢ³Ȳɢģȴ㡣
֪ˣ⼸ϽˡҶ˵˵֡
лġ׺˵
ʱ·ͻȻһ㣿
Ҷɭ԰ᴰ̽ͷȥֻɭվУܡĿ֮ʱ˴һЦɭ¥˰֮ڡ
¥׺Ƶϵɭһ֮󣬼æ֣ؼ
ɭ˿׺ƣֿ˿Ҷ㣬ȻһЦû뵽״СҲСʶ㣬ôû˵
ƽμ档Ҷ˵ڴ֮ǰȴ֪״á
ԭˡɭһЦǵԵ
¥׺Ƽæ룬ɭȴһ֣ˡһб¡㣬Ҳ״СɡķҲӦô˰ɣҲ뿪ʱˡ
áҶ֪ɭӦָһͷ׺ƹ֣ƽ㣬ұ󣬵Ѳ࣬һǱȻм֮ʱ
Ҷֵܱء׺๰ʩɭָ𣬽¥ǰɭһ֣ĲɣԼ߱ǡ
׺ĴһЩĮ֮⣬ҶѲԸƽϣҲûȤ˻ȥ
ߣСѾͷμ㣬ͺйŮһңҲ֪ʲôġ˽ϣɭЩõ
Ҷ㲻ЦˣʲôйŮүүûʲô
˵㰡ɭ˵̫ᣬûƯҸ˵һŮǲŽءһȣ׺ƿǲԶأ˵׺ƽ˵Ҳжʮˣ˺ü꣬ʡ
ýšҶ㲻Цˡ
Ҹ˵Ůġɭȴ˾
үүҳҪ°ɣҶ㼱æĻͷ
ɭһͷͷһɨֽǴʱм˼æءһЩΤɽĹӣҲǣȻһʱڳҵء˵ΤɽĶʧˣô£
պҶ˵õȻɭߺ˵һ顣
ɭɴ۾Ҷ㣬Խ͡û뵽⺢ӲãıҲá٣ΤɽǳԴˣûܱ𣬻һöӣðϾ΢ҪСģӣҷڤˡ
ӣҶ΢оȡ
ǵڶǿ˵һɣƺѳµһˡɣ¾ҪɨڤµһǿıȴǷڤһҪĵˡ
ཻҪ֮ͨʵ
Ǹָðײáɭ˵һҲǴ£ģǵжԹϵռ˾͵ʼˣҲи̶ֳȵķ˵Сֵʲô
ĺˡҶͷ֮ΪˣжǶгǳ𡣵ȴ޴Ϊ֮õĵز
ҿҲˡɭЦˣƾСӵֶΣֻƱ˵ķݣбķݣϾ΢Сؿɰװʧһ
˵ҲǸСѡҶһЦ
֮ǰ˵ֻܼ볯͢УΪ㸸ѩɭ˵Ҳ뵽ȴܰæ⼸пգð¡
˵ţһָһջҶУ¥һ⣬š
Ŵ򿪣ȴŮӣһɭʩ񣺡¥


21 ۶
Ůӣɫһӡֻ̡һ޵ȴһ׳¡𣬸ͷҶ㻹Ҫ߳ͷ
һƫݣЩҲӯ·һͻһ㡣
һ¡ɭҶУ˵ҶӡԽŮҪչ˺һӦʳӣҪİȫ
ǣŮͬʱҶʩ
ǣҶ㿴ɭ֪˵ʲôá
һ߽в㡣ɭЦ˵Ѿͷǳ伶ʵ£似ʮҲеһû似ȫܣǸ߶иӦҲɺѧЩ似û
Ҷļ򣺡һҲ治İնջ࣬Ҿû˿㣬ٸˡ
ʲôҶ㲻ҡͷЦ
֪㲻κɡɭ˵ŮҾ㱻ĸջˮϡ
ЦˡҶЦˡ
ҪǲҪɣɭʡ
ҪҶһͷлүүˡ
ҲǽŹӣҲܹչˣƽʱδԼһԶţȻɽ·ԶǹµôӦŵȻǺ¡ҹؼʱ̣ҲɳΪԼƺ¥ˣӦ֮¡
ˣͶˡɭЦˣ˭˭ҪǸҿҿҪˡһ¡ֵѾͷС񣬽ʮˣǾϵڹʹһ󴸣ûʲôҲġ
Ľ׳ŮһЦӣɽˮţȫˡ
СѾͷʮˣϵʹһڳ뻯缲硣ͬʱĹҲһϷ߲ڻ¡ɭ˵
¥֡˵ģ˼жƵġ
λɹˡҶŶһ֣˼æʩ񣺡ңչ˹ǵ컯
ҶĿһɨҲڷŵĳʹ󴸡ǳûʲôֻǴߣ󣬴ͷԲϣȥûһٽҲаʮʵˡ
ɰ룺ѾͷȷʵǡûʲôҲġ
㣬߲֮»д󶯵ɭʱʮ˵ûǼ뿪Ϊȥ۶ǰɣﵽҾ֮꣬Ǿʶ򽻵ڹ˽Щ顣һдƼģšʱ˴ţһܰھıְλԼ¡
лˡҶижӹźɭһ
ԼˣʲôɭЦԵǧᣬԵ治ʶӣԵԸԵֽϾԽԽǡ
үүϽֳһλˡҶ˵Ҿͽ˿ɡ
ǿ̫ˣɭһ󼤶ͷ
үүҶһʩ񣬸˳ƺȥǸֻ֡һ֣֮ȴྶֵͥɭҡͷԡ
ҪѾͷʰ˵Ǯһ˳˿ջ˳ظϡҶ㵹ûʲôΤɽıҪֻѩӰڸ֮УȴȡظڱûƥҶֻ˵Լ񿥣ڼģΤɽСҲûӵ顣
ʱɭΤɽپɥҲװЦӭɭлչҶ㣬ѯΤеΤɽɫҰֽȴ˵ʲôɭҶǣѩӰȥ
ҶԻŵ˶Ŵһ·ϽΤɽӵֱӴüɹȥ֤Ҷһ˸ٺڳŴҶֱ
ҶѩӰҲɭֶ󣬴򶫶ȥֱڤĵ۶Ƿ
ǾڳǸ಻һյľ룬ȴ֮ңҶʱس̣ȴʱͬʱ޶ٲֻܲи·ʱȴ޳أŮ飬һࡣ
һ·ϣŮƶ·ߣлƺ¥ĳǳУ֮Ӧ޾գɽˮһ㡣
˸·֮ʣһλԳǵˣʱȴѾһ۷Ϻõ裬ӣδţȻͷǹƷ
Ͳ󣬲ʮӣüĿһɫߵ·
ȴǳּҵĳӣ־
ҸϵĲ軹˵ùȥһһʮӣֶУƣһ֮ࡣ
μү־𣬹ֶܵȴֲ
ӵһЦڿ£־֮
ӲǱˣǷڤŹҴȨĻڤʵ¦ͬĸĵܵܣ¦ǡ
˵ڽҲʢǶɡ¦Ǵ־𣬻˵
Сɣ볯֮͢ȣ֮ͬ¡־˵ƽࡣ
¦ص˵ͷϸ־һЦж󣿡
ȶʮһء־˵
ᣬʹﵽԪ۷壬ʱлͻƶƾʵ˲ţ¦ǻͷ֮⡣ѵõʶô壬ԸΪЧХɽֻ֮˼Լ
үˡ־һȭ£ܳΪүһԱΪЧǸ˵ĸ֡
ʶʱΪܡ¦ǻͷʱ¹ڣˣȴǺͿ͸͸´ƣʵǿɱ̾ףܺá
Щʶ壬һүߣȻʲô³־˵ܰ٣ȫү֮ү֮ɱ£ǵʥϣҲֻ硣ΪڤвſͶүͼ֮ҵȴΪһ֮˽үȨʵǻ񡣡
˵úá¦ǻͷԽԽϲˡͣʵ㡮֮ţʵ飬ԷġǳΪһ˧ҲǲܡΪԶƣгһ㵽ƾҲֻڽ֮λ𣿡
ͼԶıߣȻмǰʧ־𻺻ͷ
ã¦ǲɿڳޡգұ㵱ټ㣬ʱ֮бֶһԱˡ
ү飬ĳ־ʩ񡣡Դ֮ү£
еˣ۶ɡ¦ǻ˵Сطݻӥ֮۶ҲӦš
һү־һ
֮󣬷ڤбֶһλλڴ֮ϵᡰλְĵһ˵۶Ŵ˰֮˷ޱȵĵ۶С
ˣҶС
ӣϵȥ·˵ȥɡ󳼿ɲһ㣬Ҫȵӱпʱŵü¥ţյӣվͿɵüˡ
ȲҶ㻺ҡͷҴطס£׼ټ١
׼С̲סʣҪɶ׼


22 һ
Ҷ˵ֻƾһŶܴţܽ߶ԶȴҪԼʵңʵвˣƾʲôھлõλ㹻ĵλܽӴӴһУʵҪĿꣿ
ǹҪ׼ʲôʡ
似Ҷ˵ҴСû䣬Ȼ˶֣ۿһ£һ¡Ⱥѧϰĸ似Ϥʵսһȥλ󳼲١
С˿ǲøһذѧŽѧ似ء
޷Ҷ˵ڲܰϰ˳ֻҪӦսɡ
Ǿ﹫Ӿˡ˵
۶һ֮ףȻκηǹٷȾָȴûκһɵķֲڴ˵ءȴҲˣڵ۶ǺϷˣʵȴڵ۶ڵĽӦʱ̽Ҷͨ
ǺϷӪƽʱκ޹ص£ҲӴǰ۶ߣԼ̽۶Ϣˣ۹ҲǵĴڡ
ƺ¥ڵ۶֮УҲоƵ꣬Ϊȸ¥СҶ¥УƹƹȻӭҶ㵽רΪɭ׼СԺоס
סµ죬Ҷ㿪ʼ˾Ȼ۶ˣҶȴȫȻںԺסºղţֻСѧϰ似֮ǱУҹϸ˼
Ǵ֮ˣӵмǱʥ֮ҲΪħʹĲǣϸ֮£ȴǷ١
似֮ǿϰгɡκһżһֻ˼߷ܴɡֻ֪ߣ߳ɾͲˣ˼ȴΪʦ
ʵ޷ǹ֣˽֮֮һеˡЩ빥޹صĻȥٽν似ɫ׵ֻʣ˵ĸ֮似ȴҲҲҪʱſӵи
ҶѾֻǼ뾭顣ȸ¥ƵԺ֮У첻Ů֣ҹҪѩӰָԭԼ벻ͬǿսͬ
һµʱҴҶ似񶷵Ҫ壬ҶȴѾգ񶷾Ҳۣʱžȥ֮ꡣ
ȸ¥ڶŮ۶⣬ŷӱ˰ҶֽŵȥŷɭڣҲҵ˵ձض͵֮괦
ڶҶʱŷԽҶ˾ΧһУʱһλͷףٷ߱㻺롣
ʮ꣬ݣüĶ࣬ǫ֮ˡҶ㣬΢΢ͷͳ¥ʲôˣ
Ƽˮ꣬Եʶ˰ɣҶվشʮ㣬
һͷȻ¥ܶȴҲλڤйɡʿҪ볯Ϊ٣ξΪ뾭ˡȻұпѡٵȨȴΪĳĳλ˾ټ㲻ʵǿСһ顣
ǱáҶͷҷ´˻ֻƾ¥Ľҷ㣬ǷԾչѧͬҡ
š֮껺ͷƾһ㣬¥ټͲûе׷ǹʣһټ㣬һй֮вȳãҪҲҪıһ֮ǲҪ̸ֻֽߣǸȡ˫ȫſɵá
ǡҶ΢΢ͷ
㵽УС֮˵ʱһᰲŵһԡͨ󣬲еڶĿԡغʽУʵְַλ
ǡҶͷ
֮겢ûж˵ʲô㽫˴Ҷ㵽￪ӣȻ˳ھȺ򣬼ҶæӭȥҶ˵˲Щʧ
¥Ϊ֮¡Сõ˵ҪʱȴԴ壡
ȻҶ΢΢ҡͷǹʿǣٵɡǼűְλȴҪˡ
Ϊˣʡ
ΪΪ񣬹˽Ǻù١Ҷ˵֮ѳһȨȨԼ֮󵳣αΪ٣Ǿǹ֮鳼ʳѪ˶󡣡
ǵͷµԼͷϣô;á
˽ˡҶ̾Ҳˣ̰ٲŻֻλʱҲʹЩ̰֮һϸλȨԼͷϣԼ˵仰ɰ֮£С¶ѡ󵳣Ҳʲô̰ЩСƣҲ޿ɺǡ
ô˵һСģܱɶˣСʡ
ǡҶͷˣɼڲ֪ߴ·ԽԽԶ̰ٱ֮ʱȻȴǼװֱʱ֪Լԭһ·Ǵġʥ˲Ž̵ǣĪԶСΪ֮
ǲס̾ʱʱ̶̿ҪɣȻҪ׹Ⱥˡ
ҲôšҶһЦֻǹٳϲնѡΪһǷǵȦӡ
ǹӽȦҪСˡС˵
˻ȸ¥ڶһͳ˳ǣ˳ıӪ⣬ƾԾӣҶ׽УУŮȺ
ҶȺ˲ʱ֮λٷͬĴ󳼴󲽶һھУʿӵ½УУ׹̨֮СھУһ
֮ȴϯһݵĳϯλϡ
ʼɡǳһ߲һ˵ôȣЩǺûȥЩϡ
ˡ֮˵͢ý죬ǹغҰȻĴ¡Ϊ󳼣縺Σ⣿
Ҳֻôһ˵λ˲õغһ˿˾ټ˲ţǲΪҲչӡ
Ҳκչӡ֮˵ֻΪľѡ˲žǡ
ááá֣֮ʼɡ
Ҷ㣡֮վе
ڣҶԿ⻺УУŹ̨΢΢һ
ҷڤý죬ھѡΡ֮˵˲ƾʱ֮ͶҪطٸοˣͨˣáȻ⣬Ҫˡ׼ˣ
׼ˡҶ㻺ͷ
һˣս֮֮˵ڶˣս֮ˣǷ֮ǵһս֮
˵ţһ֣Уһ֮У߳һλż׵ľ٣룬Ź̨ʩһ񣺡¹ĪھλӸְ֮ȼΪ伶һϵҳΪ٣ȫԸΪѡģӹֻУ
Ҷ㣬ֻҪһʱڣλĪƽ֣ͨһ֮˵
룡λĪתҶһ֡ұز֣Уֻ䣬Բ㡣
Ī֣ҷС㡣ҶһЦ鵭Ȼ
ãĪйâһڿ˼ơ
ʱУһǣȴ˻һǽӽӪее⣬°Ӱ֮Уȴ˵ü
ֿˡһλЦ˵бֱӵҪͶΪ٣ھÿһǸʲô
ȴǻ¦ǡ
һλˣ־
Ҷ㣿ӦڻôȴЩµˣ治ֵΣ
һͨôܵͶΪ٣
־ңУϣ΢΢ü


23 ʤ
УϣĪڿƣҶ㣬оţһֽȫӡ
ҶҲڿ˼ƣңңԡУȭħ֮ӿ𣬶ԭҰϷħ֮УħӿҶԼоֵҪ˫ȭ֮ϣԼмơ
Ҳһóȭ
Ҷ㰵׼
ڴʱĪ͵طǰ˽ͻȻһԾ˫ȭڿҶ˹
Ҷ׼ֱ֪ضȭ⡣ȻշԾ˻ʽڳˣҶѩӰַ֣˹еֶȴϰߣһ㿪ͬʱһȭĪ߲ࡣ
һƺߣĪһغҡ˼סΣ߼һʹһʱ
ҶƲˣ͵ؼȥ˫ȭһŶԷȥָϴ£ָ´ϣ书鶯֮ơ
Īһȴֻм޷ȻҶƵˣۿҪ˵УԵ
ñ죡̨֮ϣ֮겻۷Źâͷ
˵ֲԶ¦Ҳͷ䶯֮ʣ裬ȴǸ似õְ
ү־ͷҶ㣬ǱؽҶ֮ӡһ֮ǰһͨ
¦һ֮ȻǼ־ǰΪһ˽ģκԼ֪Ϣʴˣʵ˵Ҷ
һꣿ¦һһʱȻܴӰ׶ɳ伶ʿ
ҲһԼϴˡ־˵
˵ţȴֻ¦ΪҶǸ˲ţ£Ҷּ֮ĹϵˮҶ𣬶ȴǲ
ΣҶ㲻ǸССĳ伶죬ȴֵǡ
ô˵Ǹˡ¦ǻͷȴٲ˵ֻǾؿš
ҶʱѾĪƵУԵٺһĪ㱻УˡʱĪɫʱʱףһҧԼϢȣƴҲҪų似
ҶȴͻȻ֣
㣿ĪȻӣ⡣
ͬΪڤʿΪͬۡҶ㻺˵֮ͬ䣬ֻܻôɻˣҴ˴νǿˣಫˣĲˣҷڤĪ٣봭һٳְɡ
Ī´Ҷ㣬Ȼ֣صرȭһ񣺡Ҷֵܴʴ۽տ˽ΣĪĳˣ
ĪٲҪ˶֡Ҷ˵˽ǶҷڤӲҡ
ȻĪ֣صͷǰ˼һͷɣ
Ī롣Ҷ
ôʧˡĪһͷͻȻٴǰȥȴûһԾ𣬶ǸǱȻѺҶ㣬ͷҶ㻳ײȥ
ֹ֮ѩӰҲùȴΪ˽ͷУſ˺ҧĪһжԱ˻Ϯ֮ЧҶȴȻҶ͵һԾ³ϥһĪ󾱣ɲǼбУֻ䱳һߣԼԾǰ
Īһ̤֮£ȴֱˤڵأˤһһĲҶࡣ
æתҶڳơҶ㵭ȻЦһ֣Ī٣롣
ֻòˡĪɫ΢죬ȭͻȻ߾ٹȭֱָҶ㣬ӿ𣬼һ㣬ȭ˲üӲ
Ҷֵܣڹȭ񡯣ǿ似ǡȭ졯ʮ¹ÿǶȾǵ꣬ҪСˣĪȭ֮ǰȴһȻǻرҶ㷽֮顣
ˡҶһЦҵ似ҲȭΪ֡
ãĪйâһͻȻ̤ǰһȭֱҶ
Ҷβܣȭħħӿ˫ȭӭĪȭһȭȥ
ʱһȭײ죬ţĪȭ£ҶϲͬҪλٴȥȭα仯磬˿ۻҡ
ҶӦԣ˫ȭ𣬶Էÿһȭ۽Ƕε꣬׼ȷػжԷȭͷƬ̼䣬ʮȭȫ£Īȭ˥Ҷȭȴʢ
Īɫ԰ף֪ڽӡʱҶȴֺˣ΢Цȴûгʤ׷ŵ
Ҫ֪ڿʱͬĿٴ򵹣ǲǾҫɻþλ󳼵ӣڽְ֮ʱиôˣҶʱ֣ȴ𼺶ˣĪȸ飬Ϊ
УһڽʿУܿ׳սߣҶ壬ͷ
λˣˣʱȻδĪȴǰ̨ǰȭͷ
ʲôλһⲻƽʱ仹δ֡
Īڿ˽֮ȵ
λ˿нСĪ˵Ž֣ĩþҶȴֻ֣ͣԸҡ֪Уȴٺװ൱֡
⵹ȤλЦ
֮ȴ˼λнѯʣõĴ𸴶ǿĪѷҶ֮УȴĪ˽֮ѯ˼λ󳼵ŴҶһȻͨ
Ӳ򵥰Զ¦ǵͷ
үǿϴˣ־ʡ
Ȼֻǳ伶ǰ޹¦˵δ֪һ㰡
ڶ֮зչôδ֪־ͷиΪ
Ҷǡ¦ǻšֻһ㲻ҵⰡЩԨԴ¾ͽɡ£Ȼá
ǣ־Ӧȴһ
Ȼү֪ҶҵĹϵҽֱԲ䣬ǹֻүлٰɣүǰ£ȻҪСĽ
ôţٿ¦ʱȴһ־塣
֮ھڽС֮ʱҶ˵սߡȥ׼ɡ
ʱҶĿУѾһЩٲ֮ǰʱֻҪеӵܿ
ʩ֮Ҷ뿪У棬Сʱӭ֪Ҷ˳ͨ󣬶ϲ
ǿһ˰ɣС˵۶һˣûúתתأ
̸һҶ˵ٲҹˡҪȴٲһ¼Ͼʱתתɡ
ս֮ȻۿˡҶ˵ֱûбټ򵥵ˡСʢֲֻöУϻ治κʣҲ׼
ѽﶼ˷ܵؽ
ǱͲǰ氮ֵ䣬Ҷ˵Ȼˡ
ʱŵ۶ȥ
뿪󲻾ã־ҲԾӪлܣһʱһӰԱзǰ
ţкηԸ˱ȭʡ
Ҷڴˣϳǵ־˵ȥҶƸеһ
ҶС𣿡־ʡ
ˡ˵ͷƣһôһѾʿҪԸ𣿡
־ҡͷӽһʱ䣬ȴӰ׶ɳ伶ʿУУ׻ͬĽ١
˵ãһ
үſı֣ҲЩġ־˵ҪҰ£
ŵ˼ǣʡ
˹ȥס־˵һһүκι㶼¡ֻҪүΪΪãǾͿֽ֮ȥ
ҶˡЦһŵ۶ȥ


24 Ӱ
ҶŶŮڵ۶˼һ죬ȴҲת˵۶ССһǣҪ뾡۶ȫòȴǼ֮ܰ쵽¡˵ģѵ۶ܱߵ´ۣɽˮһ飬ֻ¾͵ϸµʱ䡣
콫ʱ˷·ȥ
һ·ϣҶ㷢ѩӰƺʲôԣҪͷ΢΢üҲй˼ޡ
֮Ҳֲԡһߴӣһ·һֱԼʮֿɡ
ʲôأ˼ȴûʲô𰸣ɴҲԻȸ¥
ȸ¥ĻͷѩӰͺҶ˯¡ڶһ磬׼ڶŮ˾һ·ϣӰһؽţΪ˲ʵѩӰıͲ׽ټ
ھһڣҶ˴·ߣһӦסλϯλϣһ֮⿼顣
񱱲߹ս²ϡ֮˵ԪӦ֮ΪнӦӦ֮ߡԪӦ֮ν⣬ǽ֮⡣㵱дʱһʱ
ҶһЦȴԭĿһʱ
˵꣬˱дʱһƪĽȻɣϽ
һھʱ¡
ֱӵͶӦߣˣĲƽƽ˵ڶԵʱֱӱһЩǰ˵ľӦĿǶǵҴһīͨ˳㲻ˡҶģȴǳƪۣɷ裬Ŀ⣬ȴЩƹ佫ĳǰһ
м˲ɴյ֮ǰ
ԪӦ֮ңʽղʲ㣬˿ڲʢ̿ҷڤ֮죬ÿÿϮֻΪӲ°ūȴ̰ҷڤ
ֻ֮⿪ƪһΣʱ˫۷Ź⣬ģģһ̰ҷڤҶ㣬ֻһΣѽ⿪ԪӦҹɧԲϵʵʰ
Ҳ֮ͷΪȻ
ȥһڴ󳼱ҶϸӦ֮ߡҶ㿴ҪԪӦ֮ң֮սֻα꣬ȴܳξðԪӦڵķڤҪش䲻ٷ߹أȴҪѺ֮٣ԪӦ̸ڸ߹֮⿪軥ʹԪӦ˿˷ţƤڤ˿Էˣ߸ȡ裬ƽУȴٲػ๥ɱ
ֺƽҪǰᣬ㹻вѺã߹ҲҪ±ϼӷأκСԪӦЧ˻ӣһֹ򣬱ˣܱ߹سξð
һƪ£֮꼤ѣΧ۵ľҲͷ
£̲֮סѿڶƾһƪ£ְֱ֮Ҳˣ
ˣעԴʡλ۾ʱõɨ֮һۡ
֮ʶԼʧ̬һҶ㣬£Ⱥҵ
ǡҶһͷ˳ȥʱֱ˽
Ҷ㣬ڶ˳ͨھУеȥ׼ɡ֮Ͱ
ǣҶʩ£ȺĶŮһͬ뿪
ˣӰӰҲŶŮڵ۶һ졣
ڶ죬ҶٴȴһտĴ֮Уڵذϯضúһھ󳼽ãȴվţһλʿ룬ڴһ
Ҷ㣬λǵĿ١ָ֮˵ԣΪ򵥣ȴҲѡֻҪһϵķλٽӴ֪ǿɡ
Ӵ
Ҷ㲻ɰü
Ȼһֱħ֮ʱκҲ޷ֲԣȴұ֤˴ԼԼħֱӽӴʱ᲻
ӲۼǿٻҶȴ֮С
ҲֻüЦˡ
鷳Цλ߿
λʿһҪã
ҵķһϵҲѴﵽ˳伶Ҷ˵һ޸ķֻҪʾλͳˣ
һϵϵͬλԳһҶ㣬ɲҪſں˵
һԱ֪Ҷ˵
һھҲȻ˽Ȼ˿ޣ֮гʥٵϣһ˵˶᳢ЩȻĹ٣ȴʥ٣Ҳʿֻȼ߶ѣ˶иȴҲ֪֮ꡣ
һϵΪޣϵﵽ˼߼𣬷ϵȴͣķ伶ʹϵϵͬʱ֮ͬһʹڲǣҲϣ
ҶһڣȴʱȻ󲨡
ˣǿѵõ˲ˣвپ󳼲ɵҲۣ´Ҷ㡣
λӦҪ󡣡תһ֮Ҳԥʱоʿһذף٣ɿ͵ҶС
ҶȴӣٴˣΪʾҲַף뿼ٴְɡ
˵ţ֣¶
ôˡһͷǰذҶϻһǳǳĿӡ
˿̫ǳԲҵıҶҡͷһ̾䣬ԭҰвħԵзɳǿҶڣ˿˲Ϣָ֮糣ۼ
ÿٶȣǿٲɾ
δ壬ٻһЩҶ㵭ȻЦ
أءҡͷҶһ񣬲תذ׹黹ʿھһ񣺡λˣҶʵѵõ˲ţ
ã֮һ󼤶ص˵ͷӸˡλǷҲҶͨˣ
ǣǣپ󳼶żͷҶĿг
λȴƽϢ󣬲Żڣͨˡסַ֮󣬱ȥϢɡ
Ҷ㣬סַɹȥˡ֮˵ò˼գְͻ´ﵽ㴦ʱɳ飬Ӧбְ
лˡҶ㹰һ񡣡һһ󡣡
󣿡һüΪͨ˼ޣͿԺ˾ְҲǸС٣ҶԳ͢ʲôҪ󣿡
˵˵ɡ֮ȴͷ˼ǲá
ս֡пܣ뽫Ҷ˵
ã֮겻ɵͷ̾ҪȴھнΪ٣ȴ֪ǹΪǣãȥɣձкϢ
лˣҶ㹪һ˳ȥ
棬ǺϢ֮ŮŮȻһϲҶҲʹ죬вΪѩֽһ
ȻģȴһӰȻţ˦֮ѣ֮ȥᡣ
ʲôҪ˼أ
˼š
ǽ쵽תתɡţתŮ˵۶֮вʤѡһȥɡ
ðŮ˷
ú˴ȥ
ҶעȴʼռǵӰϡ


25 
ڵ۶֮⣬̤Ŷ̲ݣƽ̹С·ϻСҶŮһ·ͷ⣬ųǽɽɽ¶ȥ
ǵӰӣԲظں档
ҶһǰУһŮ̸ЦţͻȻ䣬ͻȻһ·ԶжȥŮһæ׷ȥ
ǵӰٶƬ̺ҲͶУԾϣһϷԾţͬԳһ֮󣬾׷Ҷ㡣
ʱҶѩӰ˷ƵģԭشתҪ˦üȳ⣬£
ŮȴȻ׷˷򣬲ûԡ
Ŀ·΢΢ɨΧ˴ܣ˼һݴʧ
̽뻳Իȡһ̽γȴδһСĵضסҶ㣬ն̽ȴʱ
ڣѩӰһתҶ㱳ʱٲȴ͵Ϸ£һһ˲ҶȥеĶ̽һâҶĴȥ
ڶˣ
һЦѩӰͻȻ԰֮α֮䣬һԾһҶѩӰϣѩӰת䶢סˡ
ʲôˣָܺɱˣ
䣬֮ľ
˼Ҷ仯Ϊǣʵһ۶ӣһû뵽ǹҳ裬ѷ⼸ڸ˰ɣ
Ҷ㻺ͷ˵ɣ˭Ϊɱң壬ҷ·
ңЦˣ͸ɭȻ⡣ӦҷŶԣ
Ȼ䣬߸ֳһλĻӰׯϣ䣬ָ֮кâ֣ȴһ˵Ķ֮̽ϣҶ
һƿ̵ֱͣÿд˺Ѱƿ֮˲ƴݿࡣ
Ӱ伶ǿߵ˼ǿߣпֱӱΪͳһ֧飬һСǡڽ֮УҲǾصĸ֣еϲм
Ҷ㵥һˣҲֵּĶ֣ѩӰڲȴȫͬˡѩӰ֮ȫ伶ǿƥУҶŸӰӡǷҪӺԼ
ѩӰһʱԾһԾһߣצץ˺󱳡
˽һתʱഺһ֯һ֮֮ƱøǿѩӰצżǽʱ֫𶯣æ˻Ӳ
㡣Ҷ͵ط˫ȭ˱ȭħ֮˹ȥ
ֻЦ̽һ䣬Ҷ˹
ʱѩӰȴ͵һ˶ϣΪһظٶȸʤ֮ǰ˲ѵΣվ֮ڣſֱҧȥ
ҲʱһӰͬӰԱзӶгâһ΢Ϣ˲ߴȥȴ
ͬʱһһ׳ӰϿ£оһֻаٽ֮صĴ󴸣֮ͷ䡣ȴС
Σ֮ʣ͵ҧϵƺøΪҪΪʵһ㣬һͬƱڴʱ֮һ䣬ɽһߣһ㣬ĨѩӰ۾ѩӰòŤͷԾǾĳ֮²òƶΡ
֮̽ƣɼ˽֮֮ǿ
һƣȴƵС֮
Сһò˳ɰݣСڿ͵شһתӣջأԼȴԺӲ˵ϣˤ߻ء
˼ӣǰһʱǶ̽δصĳУо䣬øΪšɼƽʱʹ˳ģ񳤽֣绢ʵһɡ
ôһҲҶȭͷҶһüȥ˫ȭҪ
Ϊһֻɴ伶ޣһƴ֮ЦѾ伶֮۷壬ʱͻƶʥ伶ҿֵһᣡ
ЦУ˸һǰֱҶ֮С
֮ʣҶ͵һһȴδ࣬Ǵ֮ȻδһȴҲˡ
ӣ
С񶼾ѩӰ˸ɿһˡ
һ˵ЦţҪνӭѩӰ
Ҷȴһץס˽Уһ֮½оȻ˿δһʱȻҲʱҶ͵ָϵĺָΪɶ೤צӰȥ
ãһʱ󾪣һеɿԶȥ
ȴһȱצӰӹұѩӰһצץѪۣѿɼ׹ǡ
ҽУֱˤ˵ϣС۾һһԾ𣬲˷ӦѾһ¡
ڣҶϣγؿڳһ
Сȴֱ֣ͣ£֮ϣʱ˷һĲҽУȥѱһҵϡãۻȥġ
ӣС˴һ˹ȥѩӰҲ˵ǰͷҶ㡣Ҷɫ԰ףȴ֣ڲħħһֱתţһ޸
֮һؿȴˡ
ץеˣһˡվŲٻЩġȻƸԭˣȴ֮ǰ۶ϵҪصö࣬Ҫ޸Ҳ
޷΢΢һЦв֮޸岻Щˡ
ſˣ£۶ˮСҲؿˣһ߲һԹ㲻ô˵ģ
һƾǼ¶Ҷ˵Ųûһȴʱ֮ܿһΪľסеĽ
ȴû뵽˶ݣѩӰͬʱ𹥻ԼҲ˵Ȳѣȴɥʧս
󣬻ǶСһƷ˴ˡ˱˹Ҳûκһƴ֮ˡ
˵ƴҲܲˡ
ҶϢƬ̣ǰɫ԰ֽϢȶȣɼȴһΪ伶ʵȻӵзȴҲֻܶԼʹã޷ʩˣǴ˽ȴҲ޿κΣû취׷ʹ
ʱ𳤽Ҷʾ֮£˾࣬СҶԸ˴󴸾׼ԴѩӰֱӹȥצӰסţצ⣬ʱ׼̽ȥ
֣˼Ƶ˹ʱһȿԼɷŭҧҧ
˵˭ָʹɱңҶ㿴˵۾ʵ
֪Լ˼أԷһǽԼסԼѡ֮£֪ǿѾô
Ҷ㣬Σ˵ҿԸҶΪ˭ҡ
Ҷкһв


26 ɱ
㻹ûӦ·Ŀ˸ȫǲ֮⡣
־ҲסҶ˵ֻҪ˵˭ǰΪɱңҿԷߡ
áһҧȨ׺Ǹˣ־иٵ㡣
־𣿡ҶüҲ۶ˣ
Ѿܷ⽫֮λ˵ǳ͢еĴԱ֮һˡ
Ҷô˵Ͷ͢ˣ
˵Ŵ£ҸɾӢͶ͢ȡһĸٻͶ˻£ǰ;
𣿡Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ڤм˲֪ʥ¦࣬ʵʲûжʵȨͬĸĵܻܵ¦ǣȴʵȨֵֻ飬֣Ҫ¦ͷѡ
¦ռƣҲϵˡʵȨ֮ߣΩһ˶ѡ
ʿˣȴ֪ȴڤĻ֮Դλүý˶ʿһչԼ׳Լʵ̰ٱ鲼һµһǿȴԪӦǣֽţ߹ؾѣĻףΪһΪĻˡ
־ȻͶˣҶмΪݡ
Թ𡣡ҶʡΪҪɱң߸ϣﲻһ㣬ôۣ
ö̶һʱ䣬ʹӲİ׶˳伶ʿս߳ڣѱȣȻ˼֮ġ˵ּҲǾӸλȨֻҪԡɱȴ֮⡣
˭⣿Ҷ׷ʡ
ԼʱġҧҧűֻҸٵ飬̨˭ҽյ֪㷨˸ǿ㽫ŴУ˾ɱ㵽ǰ칦û뵽
˵ˣֻǳ̾
۷壬ȻƣȻǸ˲š˵֮˵ߣ뽫ȴ
˵õ̹סҶ˵
һУҲνˡ˸̾ɱ㣬һ˰ˣŶңɱ㲻ɷˣȥҲһԳ֣Υ⻵£ֻҲˡ͢ĸѾԵȥѾҲνˡ
˵ɣҸ׵¾ôһ£Ҷ˵ҲʳСˣֻҪ㹻̹ףҿԷߡ
㸸Ҷǳı߹ش󽫡˵ҲһԻѲɫ֮һ뻳֮ʱἰ˵ʲôҶһԭ뻳Եı߹ش󽫣ΣδͶҲ˶˵ԪӦοǰһæ
ʲôҶ˫ۼ𡣡˵ǻΪ˴켺ȻԪӦӱ߹سݺ߹ش󽫣
ǻе˼ȴˡ˵ͷ
øҶͻȻЦЦУȴᡣ֮ȥˮȴ͸޾ĺ⣬ǹɨ߲֮ɾ˸ս
˾㵶ӣв⡣
㲻ɱҰɣʡ
Ҳʳ֮ˡҶ˵СѩӰߣ
ӣҶ㣬Ŀѯ֮ɫҶҪˡ
ߡҶǰһѩӰѩӰͨʱצӣΪҶ㷭Ůһͷ߰ɡ
˵ţȥ
ŮһۣСһҼҹˣ
˵꣬һȡ˸Ե׷Ҷ㡣
Σвʵس̾һѵ۶෴ķȥ
Ҷۣ뵽֮ȻΪвƽ̲ס죬Хеʹ࣬ߡ
֮۾³ʱһƬ֮ɫ
ˣһǾд֮׵ĽһǰѳһʵǿǿԼһ伶ʿһδְСС٣֮£һ죬һǵأһǻһϡ
侲ԣֻԼ
ףҵȺΪôʱ֮ʹһɣ
úС׷ͬڵϡʱѻָƽͣŮŸ
ӣôˣʡ
զ죬۾զ¡ӿ϶ĵС˵
Ҷ㻺ҡͷѲٻ־Ǳߡй¶ҪϢȻֻжԶӶԶ־ǱߣֻΪɱҲȥʬ塣
ԭˡͷǹܵ
Ҿ֪ӱеСˡ
Ůһսģ˺ܿص˳Уȸ¥ϢҶ٣Ϣ˰ղлָһսԼħȻʮǿȴ̫ķԼƽʱӦעħһϵʹԼԸؼʱ̲֮
𣬶ŮҲٲŵ棬ػҶҶʱħϵϰ似ŮԴ򣬲˵
ӣһȻࡣ
һƽ˾ϢҲûаŮòУֻ뵽ȥʣҶȴǵֻ˵ȴøԼʱż
ֹ˰£֮ʱһ˽ҹɫȸ¥УƱݺ󣬱ҶںԺľӴ
һ棬˱Ҷ㹰ֱݣҶӣ˵ĸˡ
ˣҶ㵹һûϵ֮ô͵͵ġ
˵ɡ˵˵֪ǻƺ¥˲Ÿ֮֮һֱδþְ´ԭ֮ʡԸӣʹ㲻ְ
ǻˣҶʡ
ҶӹȻδ˵µ˭˵ãһ󣬲Ĵָ޹ֺҼҴ˵ǲ˲ţ֮
ҶֻǵȻӣĿв޵֮ɫ
壬˵Ҫ˼Ǹ㣬ԭ㸸׵֮ΪֹУҼҴŬΪȡǧҪԳ͢ʧȥĶͶ֮С͢ҪľĶ֮š
סҶ㻺ͷתˣҶ־񳯸٣񵳣ڽ
ǣ˹һ񣬡Ҳܾһ˷ֱǲҼҴ֮Ҵţǲ֤ݣʱ˺
ǽǺãɡҶͣȴס
˴Ҵ뿪ȸ¥ʱڵ۶һ֮ۡУһλɫƵʮߣڿ
߽üޣ뼰һ㲢Ƿ
־Ŷ룬ߣʱȭʩ񣺡̳ϣĳεºܣܵóһ˪ǰࣿ
΢΢һЦ˹֣ţֽ㲻ùǫ˪ȴǰ˪ˡ


27 ӡ
Σһɾǳһɡ־˵Ȼʱѣһ˪֮һ
㼪ԡ΢Цͷ
̳ϣֻѾͶ͢Ϊȴ뽭ɴһƬ־˵
ɣҲв볯ܺͬ͢ġ˵͢ڹԱ뽭ɺҲǳĬ̬ʵ˵ϻԲŻš
̳ܴٳ˪ͶϣȻû⡣־Цˣңֵ;ȻͿɵõ͢á
ȴɢˡЦֻһΪЧĻᣬҲһı°ɡ
̳ϲֱ˵ү֮ƽڷһͳ˪Ϊĺá־ɫͻȻһࡣȻѾ棬ͲҪʲô˼ɣ˺һߣֱ˵벻Ǹã
Ȼ˵ˣϷҲΡһü˪ǰͻȻʧٺ󣬱ķѣڸʵĳϸһԴһ֮λϷ䲻ţ֮Ҳд󹦣ʸκһλϣȻҲҪλһ֮Եرʲôү£ϷǣԵΪүģ
仰㹻־𵭵Ц
ʱõĴȴͻȻײʮ˷룬еɢ⣬֯һĴ־˹
ʮܣ֮Ӱ֮ʾЩ̿Ҳﵽ伶
ǣ߲һЩ˼ɱ־ȴûҶ
ѣ־һʱϮȴȡ·ˣ
Ȼ䣬һȴаλѳÿʵ֮Σſڷŭȣǽֻһơ
˵֮˲ͽǽƣҵĽɢһңʮͬʱƺһѪˤڵء
ʱĵӰԴһԾȴλˡһ˵ʱ˰ΧƵ־ÿ߶ֳʵȴҲǰ񣬴Żȭ־
ʵȴʿʥ伶Ա־
ʱ־ͷϴһǺʵﾹȻһƣʯש֮䣬Ǻ־ͷ£˲Ĵʵͬʱ־˵ͷ̤
ʱǺ˱ȴֳһׯϣֻ֣ǽǺ˺Ϊһ壬֮ϡǺ˲䷢Ĵ㷭һ
ȴһ̶ȣʹĳһԼΪһ壬ڹγȵϵ
⣬Ԫʿ
һ˲䣬Ȼλʥ伶ʿһλԪʿͬʱ֣Ǻϻ־ȴҲԪˮƽ
һʱ䣬̳ϲüͷ塣־İȻ־ʹ군Լͨ軳֮ƵĴȴҪգһţ㣡Ҫǰ
Ҫ־۷ź⣬һߣȴڳ˶˸¡ֻҲһʵȫ壬ͷڣһӡߵѹһ֣ʱ־ںһ𣬷·һ͸ס־һ㡣
˲䣬־ߵİλ͵ںлȭȻϹԼİ˴÷ɳ
λˣƺߣҡκˣһ˲ᣬһʱս
־̧ͷϣ͵һȭ⽫ֵĽȥȴǽеĽӡϷ𣬳ӡ
ӡȭ
Уһ˲ڶ𣬺ɢ˿λֱǺ˴ȥ
־棡к˴ţɱţλøΪ¦ǵ߹Ӣ޲ɱΪ٣ұҪ
һһ̤һŲʱһ²
Ǿ㣬ڰ͵ײĺ죬УǾѣţǺ˵һҲ˺ţ˲ѪģϥȫмѪ
ҽУǺԿˤһأ־Ѿǰһһؿ䡣
ӡӡȭ
ںϵǽƶתǽӡ·ӡƶ»ȥ͵ݺݵǺϡ˲ҽһѪӿ£֫һˤڵϣȴٲˡ
Уλʥ伶ǿߣʱƴȫȥ˲ѾӰ
ʮ伶ĺˣ֮ȥ־ȴδ
ֻǾԭأصԼĺ֮İλջڣǽҲʧ
̳ϣôҽ£ʱתͷ俴̳ʡ
⡭̳ϿɿЦ㷽˵ҳ𣿡
ҷʹ˳һʱ޷ŭƽϢѵûп־׷ʡ
ڴˣǿ̳͡΢΢ã˵㡣ûпڣȻҺҳ֡мƻȴƻθ𣿡
־кһһ
ڴʱдӵĹٱ˹־һ֣һ°ػլ˸ȫ׷̿ͣٱʱȥ
ҽֶɳȥ׷֮ʣȴ͵Ϯңڹͨ籨š־˵̳ϣæӦЩɵͽһʱڲԸˡܰҳȥһĸ֮ȻΪ
Ȼá̳ѹеĲã¶Цݡ£űԸ
һ¥Ϊȸ¥־𻺻˵ǻƺ¥ڵ۶еںԺһҶˣĸ֮˼ʧ٣ȻΪȻǿߣŴͽϾԸ̳ϴ͡
ˣ̳һѲһţ
δǶ֮ģδɴ־˵
ʲôȼ̳ʡ
伶־˵
ʲô̳סˣ伶ţûҿЦɣ
һССĳ伶ʿȻҪóһɵĳֶԸ
һǰһİ׶־һһ֮ڣȴﵽ˳伶ҷϵϵͬ
ϵϵ̳ͬϵıȷʵӦȥɳȷʵѰ졣ģ¾ͽˣգɸϢ
Ǳá־𻺻ͷ£̳ϾɡҵĺϢ
ǡ̳һȭתȥ¶˲֮ɫ
ǴʱƱǿһëͷСӣʲôʲôţԪ۷ѣж˲𣿻ɴǰ˪ϣǼ¦ǣҲøҼӣ˵
һλ뿪־Уڳֻһ֣ӰʱԾӰ
Чͣȸ¥ԺһҶˣȥԸûʲôǿĺֻ̨һƽСӣͰɱˡ
ǣӰеһһȭٲһ䣬˲Ծȥʧںڰ֮С


28 
һҹ֮󣬵ȴ֮Уʱȥ
ҹŮѾϢҶڻе伮ݣչȴͻȻѩӰ
ѩӰƽʱҶʾԭ佻⣬ʾˣҹʱҲˡҶ˾٣ӦΣ¶֮⡣
Ͼ΢һӣȻҲǿѩӰɼѩӰļֵҶ֪ԼȼͣԱǿ˵رˣֻиӽСġ
ѩӰȴҲס֮УϲںԺطϢƽʱʱѩӰҲѰ˯ҹȴϷ˻̤أƺǷʲô
ҶһʱϨڵĵƣȫ䱸Ŷס˴ڡ
ԺڣֻѩӰ궯ƶţȴޱһƬž֮УǱž޴Σա
žĵȴУһʱʱ仺ѩӰѾ궯ֻҶǽƺǰ˯ˡ
ֹһӣһӰĵԺǽͷϸ֣ƶţٵԾԺڣŵǰؽӽҶӣǰ־վһӺ󣬲Ű֮ϡ
Ȼ䣬һϴǺʵŰֽƬһɢȣУᳵ·ֱҶ㷿Ҷȥ󣬱ʱٱǱӸʵĴȥ
һżĻӰ֣ʾ伶ʿݡ
һ֮£Ǵֱӻһľмɣϳء
ȴһΪһ֮µĸоȫȴֻһޱѡȻ䣬͵һԾȴ㿪԰ȭҶ㡣
ºýҶһУ׷ֶĿӶԷϨ֮㾹Ȼһʱ֣
²Ǻý˺һҵһʱӣ㾹ȻɣԾ֣
־ģҶʡ
޿ɷ棡һЦͻȻ
жӰȻ伶ҶȻҴ⣬ʱһ֣
ȴʱͣסؼо۲ܣȻΪҶڴл֡
ʱҶȴ͵ſڷȥ˷Ӧ֮ǰȥ
ýƻ˺һ׷ϣ˲Ծš
ʱѾ˲ָԭεѩӰͻȻ˹Ǿ޴צӻ˵ͷץ䡣
Ȼ侹Ȼһֻ޴ޣʵһȴҲôţ˫һ̧ȻһֱѩӰ֮צ
ѩӰצץϣȻĦֻ֮ǽ˺ƣδ塣
Ҷ¹ȥֻ˫˸ȴһѩӰһצץϣδܽ
СҶ֪ԷǿУʱŮסҲԷ֮ʱѾѣʱȴڴ·ҶҲûü£ץ
һҶѩӰһ˶ţʱǰΧס
ͬʱȡһӣҹա
ɫ΢䣬УͻȻѩӰ˹ȥѩӰ͵ػצһȴһȻҶ
ҶȻ֪ͼͻȻһֱָ̧ۣк˸͵һӼ䣬צӰƿն
˲һȻ˲ͿһеʱӱǻֵҶ㲻ɰЦ㻹У
ɲǼ䣬ȴһ
һԻȻǷƷצӰײһ֮ʱײ֮ȴȻסצӰҲһײ֮ȥ
צӰܼԶҲԼһ㣬ֻһɡһ֮󣬱Կʧ
ܣĿҶ㾪һһȭУųȭȻһϵһצôϵ
ٷϻСһеش͵˼粿ȥ
ȴܣֻӱһϵֱǴײһ𣬱һ죬ȻײСסΣһ㵵ˡ
ô󣿡
ҶҲһ
֮ǰ֮ʱ鶯ƮȻ޵һϵʱȴʾ˾ϵֱ˼顣
ѲҲǾţֻʲôȻ˫ϵͬޣҶһ˼뷨Ŀ⼯ϡ
һʲô˲õķΪʿʹо֮Ҳδ֪
뵽˴ȴٲʵ̽뻳ȡ˳ָϡ
ӣԹɣѾܲˣţһͬ΢紵ڿƶϢһŶԷ˫Ⱦȥ
ȴΪԷǿ󣬱޵ľһϵҪԼó鶯֮Ը
罣Ҷɨ
Уеĳ˲佫Է˫С
СģϵҶ㼱æѡ
ʲôƽͭƼȭ⵹㣡ʱȴȻһЦȻһԾͷ½ڿзת͵һת䣬˫ֱ裬ȴһתţܿ̽ͬʱͷ­ɨȥ
һɨУֻҪʱͷ­Ѷ
ѩӰҶһǰˡ
ѩӰԾһʱӿ˱ȫҲһת˫۵Ŀ£ХһӲӲײ˹һͷײ˵ϡȻŴ˫ۻΣҲײú˳ȥˤڵϡ
ѩӰȴҲδռˣתɳҲˤԶϡ
һһǣͬʱѩӰ΢΢ҡΣȴվñֱ
޵Ǽ֡˺һƿ沼һڴѪĭ
ʱȸ¥ƹʮƳɱ˳ʱΧסЩһĿ⣬Ӣ伶伶ʿȸ¥ƹӰţȻһλ伶ʿ
ݺˣ֪ǻƺ¥ĵ𣿡ƹʣԳŭɫ
ɭ֮չҶ㣬ȴĵͷǱ˽ɱҶ㣬ʵѿһӵĲŭȫ˵ϡ
ߣƺ¥ʲôΪ˲𣿽Ҿ֪֪ǿǰǲһȺϣ
˵ţͻȻһȻ伶ƹȥ
úãƹоȡɣ
ƹСģҶѣӵϵļܣȴӵоϵСӣ
ѵûһ
˵ĶȴĻ죬˲Ѿײһһӱһϼܣְȭʹȴǹһ塣
˵̫ǿˣ伶ľϵʿһ㣬ȴϵʿľɼ鶯仯ɲǼ䣬ֱƹֱϣһֱӽƹı۹ҶϣȴѹӰεض𣬶ƹȭͷһ۸߸߾ƹͷ­䣡
ͭƼȭϽУ
ɫĻŹâۿҪƹͷơ


29 ʯʦ
һҫ˲һ֮ƿն˵ĺʹ̶ȥ
·ʵһ㣬һʱݺᣬСΪ֮ݽ
һӲסҵֱۣȴһһ˻ӱۺɨɫĻǻ֮ײһʱһ죬ȥ
ƹҧˣһشȥȭȴȻսһ͵ػȭ˻ȥ
Ӱ趯˫ȭȭһ֮Уˡ
Ҷ䣬ħϴ֮Уǻ֮Ŀƣ˴ȥһ߶ƹĹһߵֵŻ潣һʱ֮С
㾹Ȼǿʧˣţͷϼ˺顣
ƹ񲻹һ˵ۣţЩʱǰ
£ҶȴһǰֻѩӰϣ
һ£ѩӰʱȥƹ񡢻潣һΧˡȻһ书;Χ֮£ȴҲʱ·磬֮󣬱㱻潣˲ߣֱѩӰһצڱʱ
ʱƹǿʹһؿڣߵɳˤڵϣȴȫɥʧս
ҧҪѾóָסѣСҲ𴸶׼ʱ׼֡
ƹҧǰҶһ񣺡Ҷӣչ˲ܡ
˵ˡҶһ֣ʵ̫ѩӰڣҲܷټ
˿Ҷ㣬һҪɱɱɡ
Ϊܻƹŭһһ֣˵ϵķҳˣҶӣ
ǣһڻǰһõָסˣʹܷϵժݵҶǰ
˷Ϊ󡯡ĿҶ㣬ЦڡΪʹʹϵʿӵͬϵʿúʹãɱ̣ˡ
ҽ˷£Ȼ֪ͬܽΪ㱨ǰɣҶ㿴ˣһЦ
˵ɫȴһ䣬Ȼû뵽Լ˲ͱҶ㿴
ôõķͨˡҶֽӹһֻжϻз׷µĻƣɷǺÿһƷȴ̺ǿ
Ҷ۲֮ʱע⵽ⷨҲʯۣǶһöʯ֮£֮ڣǲеʯʱӿ·Ҫڻһ㡣ֽ״ıʯȡй۲죬ǿġʯ
ԭǾʯҶһͷƷӦеȣࡣ
㡭ضҶ㣬һʱȴɵһ㡣
ҶֽʯַŻ˲У͸䣬ʯиı״Ӧʯۣһϡֻбһɾɢâ
ôܣȴ
ҶҲ΢΢һΪоԼʯװغȴȷŻǿࡣùһֻһ֮£ʱԳԼʯֻǿ
ѵ˵һһװ֮䣬ȴǿˣ
ܣܣȴһǳϸˣһǣôܽɱ㣿
Ѻ˵ɡҶһԽ󻺲ڣȼ˵ƣһ˱㽫˼õѺǽ¡
ҶǰɣҶʡ
Ҫɱˣȴɱ˭Ҳû壿Ҷü㣬ǲ־ģ
ҡͷӦйأɳϲҪɱ㡣Ҷӣһԡ֮һԻԹҶһһȥгϣᣬҲԻΪѡ
˵ʲôȸ¥ƹһ㻹Ƿߣ
Ҷӡ˲ƹ񣬶ֻҶ㡣˵ꡪһȥᣬõͬһרǰǸƾӷ䣻ųһҪɱ㣬һֱӻл
㾿ҪҶоĿ͸һЩȤĶɿѯ
ҶʯʦǸ£Ŀ꣬˭ּӺ˿ЦһҲ˵һᡣ
ʯʦҶһȺ飬ƺȴδ˵
ôӲ֪ԼյʯҲһ
ڳ㿴ҿ㣬һͷˮȻ⣬֪ʯʦʯ
漣˲ɸ̾Ӵ죬ȻǽѾãȴ֪ʲô
˵ⲻǽʯȡװȥѡҶ㵭ȻһЦʯ
⡭Ҷ˵赭дˡ
ӣΪǶʯһŸļʯ뷨ϵóãӵþԽҲԽǿ˿ҶĿûϷŪ֮⣬ſڽȻȴףٺõĽǶʱҲҪʯиʹ֮ʺϷϵʯ۲ʹáһ񽳣ӵнʯڻѹ֮׽ʯ뷨ϣʯ񽳾ʯʦˡ˰һ޼ˣǸһҲ£ﰡ
ôûʡ
Ϊǡ˿ֹ
ȼ̫ͣҶ˵˵ڵĻ
û˵ͷ
ÿƹŭغһǻƺ¥һɡ
˪ȴҲʲô˲޽һЦ
˵ʲô˪󣿡ƹʱһ
˪ˣҲˡ
һͷ̧֣ϵ沼£¶һʮӵķϱֱ΢룬һ˫ۣҲòá
ң˪¡˵Ч͡
Ҷ̧ͷѯɫ
˪ǽϵĳһɡµ˵ǵͻȻ䲻ڸϷѸݣѴǰֻ൱һɵĹģˡΪҪ־ɱ㣿
˵ţĿ˷Ч͡
ˡҶ㻺ͷ˵Ŀ㶼еȴŷЧͣʣĳ軳֮ѹͳһ˪󡣡
Чصͷ˼ݡϷⳤΪ־ԼΪɱ㡣ĽˣԸ͢ģбĿܣϷⳤҲ־𡣶ʯʦȣ־ȴֲʲôˡ
ʯʦĵλ˸߾ҶЩš
ʯʦǸ£Ŀ꣬ѱ¡Ч˵һλʯʦãпá֮£͢ҲԵòôǿˡ
Ҷ㶢ŷЧͣĿ˫֮ϡЧҶţĿзȫϡ
áҶ㻺ͷһĺӣȥ
ӣɽ
ҶӣɷŻɽƹǿűϵ۽е
ȥɡҶŷЧһ֡Ҫ
ƹ˵ҪǽԲ
ЧͿҶ㣬κ˷ܵص˵ͷҶӷģҷЧڽȻûʲôͷҲǸſں˵СˡϢ
˵ţվһ˿Ҷ㣬ɫᶨջصηЧͼѶȥ
鷳ƿºţҳȥЧȴعͷһЦ
áҶһͷ˻֡


30 
ӣô׵𣿡Чߺƹɵǵʡ
޷ɱңȴֻ֮Сֲɱ֣ûǮƱضҪ°ɵĹ֪Ϊ㲻ǿΪҶһЦ˪ȻѾû䣬ʵҲһɱȼɣǿ֣ɱһ伶Ĵ̿Ҳǣȴѽ֮ڵòС
ԭˡƹ˵ͷһȴû뵽
־ǿɶ񣡡СһҪԸͦѡ
־˪֮ɱң˵ڸûоԸҡҶ˵ɱ֮£˪֮䣬ҲӦòǾǷܽ˵ĳ롪֪ԼûôҪĵλӦֻ˪־Ӵ֮ʱ־ἰң˪ϱ˳ˮѡֻҪСķ۶֮ڣҲҸ̫Ķ
΢΢ͷ
ҪѩӰ仯ΪκҶֶƹҽαˣɢȥСԺָֻ
Ȼȴȸ¥˰вȴٲ֮ǰǰˡ
ڶգЧȴˡ
ֱȸ¥ƹҪҶ㡣ƹ֮࣬ԼÿкϢ㽫ԺҶӴ
һ棬ɶЦˡ
ҹ֮ȴȷʵ仯޳֮
ƹȴҴ⣬šȻôҲ伶ҷЧȻûϸ첲ȣȴҲͻȻϮƹȻԵֵ
СҲٴһ㣬Ҷ࣬ŷЧͣһʱ׼ֵӡ
ôҰɣЧЦˡҿˡ
һҹָ֮˳̶ȣֵڱҶЦЦ
Ч͵ͷʦҽεġѾȥ׷ϷⳤϣտܾͻкϢҴ˴ǰֻΪ䵱ʡ
ʣ˶һҶȴֻЦ
л⡣ͷ˵־ٶҶ֣㻤־һɵɡ
ǡЧҲЦˣʹ˴򽻵ʡʡ⣬Ҳ±ΪͶ˽д̡ڴˣǾͲԽ޴ˡ
лҶ˵ͷ˾ͷˡ
˵ţһԽȡ˳˷Ч͡
ҶŰɡЧһ֣Ȼȸ¥¿Ҳᰲġ
һ˵һߴƹСǲЦݡ
ҲáҶ㵹Ҳֹǿʱ䣬ָһ似Σ
ĸ̸ָ㣿Чͼæ֣дһµǺõġ
ʱ̣ոǲѣиһָͬ㣬֮õ¡Ҷ˵ƹȻҲ伶֣ճҪ¥ȴﲻҡˣʵռ˱ˡ
ԵȫæЧͼæһ֡
𣬷Чͱȸ¥סÿҶдգͬʱҶϸ̸֮£Ҷ㳤˲ټţԽɵ˽ֻ漰һ֮£ЧҲ֪֮꣬Բ˽⡣
ôһλ伶ĸͬޣҶĽȴ١ֻȴȸ¥ˣҹְŷЧͣһи
֪ʱȥҶ书Ч͵ҲȫãܷȫҶʤǰȴǳðӦеá
Ҷ㣬СҲ뷽Чͽ֣ʵҲ
죬Ҷ㾲ڣĬĬޣãԭҰ֮н似ĻӰħ֮״󶯣ͻȻޱߵħЩӰںһɢҶԭҰ
ʱ䣬ȭħħħħͬʱ˳ãڿоЩħںϵĻӰ£еǵϣǺϳһ塣
ת֮䣬ħɢ˾޴ħһ𷢳Хع֮ڣñʱ͵Ĺâʤǰ
Ҷ㻺۾䣬ȭħӿ𣬱ȭħĻӰʱߣҲһŶȭǱȭħӰȭȣǱȭħӰȣ·Ӱһ㡣
ⱩȭħӰĳ֣ҶȴоԼȭȼȴͻȻʵ
Ȼ˾ʹﵽ伶
Ҷ㲻ȻЦ
伶ʿ˾бٲֹͨľٸˣ쵽ΣΪĽֻһСǣعһڡ
֮ϣǴ󽫾ͬҶļ𣬿ڱ߹һǣͳڡ
ﵽԪɱ衰֮Σͳ˧Ϊһ֮
ףǰһΪӸˡ
˼ţƬ̺ҡͷﵽһڵħΣħ֮һʾˣԼҲ첻ˣȴǺã
ʱԭҰиڿеıȭħƺǸܵ⣬һЦ͵һμ䣬ȴһףȥӢˡ
ҶߵıȭħӰҲ֮һ䣬κҲٿħı
ãҶ㲻ϲͷг
䣬תӰ㻯˲ħⲻħҲ⣬ûӡ
ˣð˷ʵʡ
ʥħǰ֮£ٶ꣬ȴ˿֪ǰħкֻҪ߻Ӱ仯Ȼˡ˸ӦҶ볣죬ҲֻΪرֻѡ
ٻħħ仯ٲôһ˿ʥ֮޵ĸо
Ҷ󳨣̲סվ档
֡ţƬ̺󣬷ЧͱԲԶ˳
ôҪд裿Ч΢Цʡ
СʱҲ˳һԿšȻѾ˰£ЧһֱֵúѺãŮȴĵľ衣
ѾͷǾ𡣡Чһۣͷ
֮ǵɲôˡҶ˵
ŶЧҶ㻰лĿһ΢㵵ؿҶ㡣
֣дһɡҶ΢΢һЦڿ˸񶷵ļơʱȭħĻӰ߸֣ڳͬһơ
ӰЧŮͬʱ
Ҷӣ㡭㾹Ȼôʱʹﵽ伶ЧҶ㣬һȻ
ҪˡҶ΢΢һЦǰһ̤
ЧȫȻҴ⣬æڿƣڹͭӰֳ˫΢˫Ͻҫһٴеӡ
СġҶ˵
δ䣬Ѿ첽ǰһ沽˽һȭŷЧŴȥ
Чͺһһ񣬽Ҷȭͷܿұ϶бҶ㲱
ɴǰҶֻܣһܵüʱȴоЧ͵Ķûƽʱôˡ֪ⲢǷЧ˲ˣԼٶٴν
΢΢һЦš䣬һֻȭͷֱ뷽Ч͵ֱײһ𡣿д˵һ죬˸һȻƴ˸൱
ôܣЧͲɾһδ㲻ոսô伶ʿ£
ɵСˡҶһЦ̤ǰһȭȥ


31 ʯ
ȭħҶڿл˫ȭۻҡҶȭ£ԸǶȹЧͣȻƵ÷ЧͲסˣ޷֡
þзЧͲɸ̾͵ؽʽһת󿪴ϵػӱ۹
ͭƼȭϽУ
УЧϣÿһ»ӱҳжѽʯ֮
ȭҶһʹƲڷЧ֮£˫ȭȴ˾ȭ뷽Ч͵˫ֱӶײšһʱ䣬֮ڶ˶˸൱
СģҪˣҶԽԽ죬һЦ֮䣬ϵĻӰħָϺ˸ͻȻһӶ
УЧʹһܣǻӶֱֱӴǷӶצӰ֮ϣצӰ÷ɢ
ȴҲҡסӡ
ù򣡡Ҷȴһ
нڣһȫ׻⡣Чҡͷһ̾ûǷֻƴŴ⡣ʹУȻԵֵĵȴԶ㣬ʱһȻҪ֡ˣ䡣
ߣд𣿡ҶҲħʵ
ȻЧ͵ͷôôԸһƵ˺Ҳͽˡﵽĳһ֮ΪǿҲ棬һȴʲôˡ
֣εֵǵצ֮Ҷʡ
е֮Ч˵ֻʲôֻܴǿֵ֫
Ҷ㻺ͷ
ʿ֮УԽ߼Խߡֻ򵶽һڵȼʱȼߺȴǼߡʱ˷ڵ֮ϣȴᵢʱ䡣ˣǿ߾ϲֲܴ似սΪޣ
ڵȼ֮ʱϵʿȴҪԴҲϵơ
ֱšЧͿҶ㣬ס̾ոսұ㲻֣ʱˣֻܺɨͬ伶޶ˡ
ҶһЦ
СüЦ˵òˡȸ¥ƹϢҲ˹ЧͳϲҶֺʵҲһҶ֣ȴ֡
ϲǷ֡ƹ˵Ǿ͸ҶӶˡұϵˣû
ᵽҶһЦ䲻ħзɳӰҶߡҶ̧һħ󷨵ۡǰƹ֮ϣʱħ󷨵㴫˹ȥ
ƹıѾ˲٣ֻǻѡħ֮룬ʱʼ޸ֱۣ֮󣬾Ȼֻǰ۸ԭ
⡭ƹסˣӶֱ˼ȻҶ㡣
ҶӣʲôȻôҵֱ۾Ȼȫˣ
ȫˣЧҲһҿ
ȥ󣬰κҶ㣬ôôǿҽ֮ȵȣ
ͻȻ䣬ּţãǷһϵҲﵽ伶ı־Ҷӣ㡭ķϵ֮Ȼϵͬ
ҶѡҶ㵭һЦ
ҡЧһ죬нֻ֮˵š
𣿵һŻɣȻʥ֮ҲѡΪħʹ漣ȴǿڷӡħصħ֮硣
Ҷа롣
һ˾֮̾УҶ㱧ȭһ˻طȥˡ֪ǲ֮ţҲҴţȻжĽ˸пҲȥֻ˽Լ
ȸ¥Ļǿ˲١ȻҲҪֵҹظڣϷϮٲÿÿҹסЧˡ
ķЧͣѾҶ֣Ȼٵʲô
ֹ˼գЧƺǽӵʲôϢ˳ҶУ˵ҶӣʦϢϷⳤѾˡ˵º󣬼ǸȤռ㡣Ϊǣ˼Ҿ档
ǺáҶͷʱȸ¥ż֮лɡһᱸϺõľƲˡ֪λϲʲôƣ
ʲôðɡЧЦˡǵϷⳤΪ䣬ƾĸ֣׷ϵĽЩ֣Ӧ̫ء
ˡҶ΢Цҡͷ֣˱Ҳ׷Ȩλ̳Ϊ˪֮Ȩϧ־ֺͷô֣ܲ
⡭ЧһЦȥʼʦǷ֪
͡Ҷͷ
ڶ磬һĴ󳵣ȸ¥ǰһλɫƣ뼰ʮԳ϶£ĿɨǰƣһڻƲη֮⣬׷ʶصͷȥ
ߣλ־˵̳ߣ䡣
һ³еһλʮߣʱһȸ¥ʣƹڣ͵ˡ
¥ƹæӭ˳һװߣʱеһѹ׶ԷʵԶԼ֮ϣҵһȭ֪λͣ
ʦʱһֱڴеȺķЧͼæӭ˹ʩȻƹܣλʦ
Ϸԭң˪ηְ̳֮˵
ԭ˪Ĺͣʧ񣡡ƹæһ
֪Ҫȸ¥ЪҵӣʱȴһҲûСԭһܣκ쳣󣬲Żӭ˽
һãƹʱӦһĪѹҲð
¥룬Ҷ¥żڵȺ򡣡æʩһָ¥ϡ
·˵ƹæǰ·һ·¥Ҷڵż֮ڡ
֮ʱĿҶϲƺ뽫Ҷһ¿ҶֻǵЦȭһ񣺡Ҷ㣬ӭ̳ϴݡ
ݵ̸ϡҶ㾹ȻԼϢѹӰ죬о̾ȴɫ΢΢ͷǼ˽Եż¡ԭҺͷЧͷңȴ
ҶƹһͷƹʱԸϾϲˡ俴һĺԼƷζľƲˣ¶Цݣ΢΢ͷҶӷˡ
ҶС࣬ԷƱȴǲ̫࣬ŮЩԲλ֮⣬̧ͷ
ȻҲΪԷʵ̫ǿɢѹѾ֮ʡ
롣Ҷ㲻̸˴˼ĶԹֻǶҲ̸£˱ҶԺϯ̸ЦһԾδѣռǢ
ԺϺˣ̸ˡҲðʲôƣʵʵ˵ǡԭңЧͳȥ
ǡԭһͷ뷽ЧͶ˳ȥ
ҲȥɡҶԶŮ˵Ů˵ͷҲ˳ȥغšһʱ䣬оֻʣҶˡ
ۼΪʵΪ顣˵һ˵һԻȡһذ׺һöƴʯһݸҶ㡣
Ҷʯʦ˪빫ӽύÿΪһʯǱ㰴۸һΡƽʱʲô˴˶Ը֮ģ˪һӦ˵
áҶ㻺ͷذ׺ʯ
ذ׵ıϣһֻۣдĴָָװ󣬶ʯȴаƴ󣬲и޷װ롣ҶȴΪ⣬֮ǰ֮ذ֮Уʯ֮ڣһ
ʱʯıˮӿ
вâ


32 һͰ
ҶУʯϵر仯Σ·Ҫڻıһš£ţվȻָ״һ飬Ҷ㻺ƽУؽʯ֮УȻʯںһ𣬷·һ塣
ذϣʱӿһۿɼ
̫ˣ˫۷Ź⣬ֽӹǷذף̲סصͷţҶţ
ϹˡҶ㵭Ц
ʱȴͻȻ̧ͷǹһĨļµЦݡͻȻ䣬߳һλׯϣһĻĿҶ㣬ͻȻ佫еĹչ
ʱ·һעҶС
ɲǼ䣬־ֱ֮У·ҪԭҰռסһ㣬ӡ
ЩӵǿûҶ飬ʹĲѺۣҪʼԼƣЩֵȥ˼ȥ¡
Ҷ㱾ܵظо˲
ʱԭҰϿħ֮Ҳӿ˲·ŭ֮Ȼȡĵһħ֮״󶯣ϵһֺ÷飬ϸ΢
ħҲԲħз˳зɢЩֹС
Ҷ»عԼգ͵һ˦ͷЩֳӱŤѶѡ
̳ʲôҶĿ䣬ȻƽĿȴɱ
⡭ȻûϵԼķȻᱻҶƣ֮࣬ͻȻ۷ŹâλϱҶ
ƺŭҶԭҰеħ֮ʱϵ磬׵˲䴫ҶУȻţӿֳӱʱ٣еҵһȻ
ʧɫһվ˼
̳ϻʲôҶ㶢͵Ϯңֲ͵Ϯ㣬ʲô
˼飡֮ųһþôҶ㣬ͻȻһȭҶӣϷ³çˡҼ֮ţȼȴ˵£ԷΪ֮ġұаģڴˣ֣ҶӵǸ
̳ɱ֤ٲ£ҿɵʲôҲûҶ䡣⣬ΪǼʯҪǮ
áһͷΪرҿ㡪Ҫɱ־𡣲ĴҲǿѹƸˣ˳͢Уȴ˸ֵķЩһֱǱڰУʱ־֣ڲûжľԸ㡣ֻҪ¶ֶΣǲעġ˪󣬽Ҷӵѣ˶ԸҶӣǻ汣㡣
áҶ㻺ͷʼûЦݡ
֪ԼѾңҶԼֻǺĹϵٽһ΢΢һ̾
ˣϷȸˡεЦЦһ֡
͡Ҷ㻺ͷ
̾УŶԭһͷЧ˵ЧͣһһһǮպҶ֮䣬ͨްɡ
ǡЧһͷ
漴ȥŮȸ¥ƹæУѯ
ǶһɽɡҶ㻺˵ֻҲʮֿɿǻͼĺѣ̸ѡ
Ҳˡƹ˵Ȼ˪Ѿû䣬ÿѳҲܴﵽһɵˮƽһ빫Ӻ˾Ѷ˹ӡ
οǻƺ¥СЦ˵
պ󣬷Чȸ¥ԺһǮׯƱ͵ҶУƱϵȻһǧö塣
һǧö壬ͭĻǰöȫҲˡ˶û뵽ҶֶΪǽʯʯۣƬ̼Ϳ׬ôǮɶԲۡ
Ϸⳤ˵һҶӵǸһ⡣Ч˵
ֻΪ֮ǰɷЧʹɱҶ֮µһʾΩҶȴ֪ȴǷ͵Ϯ֮Ǹ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻǽ˹ú
һʯҶʯǶһһǧö塣ҶʱѾֵϸСǮȴȫʲô
Ƿ棬ȴԻûκϢҶҲżÿֻ׺ŬԼߵøࡢ졣
ҲֻһζϾ֮ʱ飬Ϲһ䣬Ҳǳ¡
һ죬Ҷ˳ȥĲ¥֮УȲȴһ˹һ񣺡ҶӺá
㣿ҶһЦôпȲ裿
ȴһҹ֮֮԰š
ҼҴ˾¥ż֮Уȥһ𡣡Ц˵֪Ƿпգ
롣ҶһͷվȴЩ֮֡ǹڴ˵Լǽż˵żδ̫ɣǹڵȣô֮Щ쿴һֱй۲Լ١
ֻҪ£˵ȸ¥ǸãΪͻȻڴԼһ
Ҷɻ󣬵Ըȥ
¥һż֮ڣֻ֮һλʮ߶裬ǽһ࣬ޱ顣
Ҷ֮תͷ΢΢һЦҶӣЩһֱھƵȴϢǷѾļ
ˡҶ㱧ȭһ񡣡Ҳ̸ϽҪ⣬ȴҲһʱ֮䡣Ѿ˵Ҫңôֻʱˡһᣬȵ𡣡
á֮ͷ΢ЦԼˡ
λˡ֮Ҷ˵˵£㵹ܸȤ㣬ұ㽫ʶʶ
ˡҶ㹰һ
ЩȻʮ꣬ͷȴ˲٣һغģĿͰһ֮±øСĿҶ㣬΢ЦͷʾҶ£ʱϲߣˮ
ҶӶս൱ĿҶ㣬ʡҲҿ˿ȷʵǳ׽ԪӦ߻֮ơ͢Щ취ڱ߹ӦƽҶ˼أ֪ǼҴԼ򣿡
˹Ҷݶ𡣡ǿˣ֮ܽ£ðˡ
ᣬԼأȷʵѵá˵˵ͷ֪ҶӶιһ£кο
ƺҿں˵֮°ɣҶһЦ
˵˵֮һЦûˡҺ˵ǲӣԸ㽻һԷḻԼ֮ʶ
˹ˡҶ΢΢ҡͷȴǿ˵
ʥһ˲㹻˵֮󣬾֮ͨܣռα޷һ֮Ҫ֪ǧ֮ãһ֮ס֮ܣӦˡ֮֮ʿ֮ʹ֮֮˹ˡ
˵úá˻ͷô֮ϣҶкμأ
̣˲ҲɫҶݶ𣬡䳤̣±㾡֮ġȫ𱸣ô·£Ҳ޼˿ˡ
ã˵˵ͷܷ˵ϸЩ
Ըұ˵ҶһЦϲԼι֮ͷ
֮Уǵο֮ɫ


33 빬
֪֮䣬ʱҴҶ֮У渶̸Ҷ㣬λˣƣ룬Խ
ֻǿ˷Щ
䣬ɫƣȻǽ˻ƻ裬Ҷȴ̸ŨλҲýζ
Ҷ۴⣬ȴͻȻͣڡ
ô˵ˣ˽ʡ
ʱѾ硣Ҷ΢΢һЦ䲻룬λ˾ܲˡλܲˡ
ʱĳλĶӼϵؽɫ졣
˲Ц˵ͷҶѧˣ̸£ȴɫƻˡ
ƻ֮󣬱ããҹҶ˵ҹȴǹδԲصǻƻʱ΢˺ҹ֮ԻҫճǵڶյĹ
˾þòעҶ۾ž䣬ƽ峺΢΢һЦ˵ͷҶһ˵ƺúҹҲôءպлᣬԸҶ̸ձұɡ
շлᡣҶվλ˱ȭһ뿪ż侶ȥˡ
Σˣ΢Цʡ²ûƼ˰ɣ
䣬֪εˣܺáλ˵ЦжһϡҪѹҾƫҪҲΪҪһ尡
Ҷ㻺Уһ·е߻ȸ¥ڱҪƹ׼ƲˣкŶŮƹһ
ӽرˣԹɫЦʵ
ǰҶ΢΢һЦûϵ쾹ȻұΪܼУıһְٰԷ鸸ԩˡȴ롭
Цţδ˵ʲôֻǾٱ˾ơ
ʲôˣǡ
ҲڰЦš
ڶһ磬һӿȸ¥ǰ϶ľż׵ĹٱһĹٴ磬µȸ¥УֱҪҶ㡣ƹ񲻸ҵæԺ
һҶ㣬Ĺٱʩһ񣺡Ҷӣ֮˲£ط֮ӽʹʥϡ
ʥϣƹСһ
ұΪӦǼպ֮¡Ҷһͷû뵽ʥҲǸӡɡ
ӣô£̲סʡ
ҶһЦȻǺ¡ڼҵĺϢɡ˵ţѩӰϣĹٱ뿪ȸ¥ŻʳǷȥ
˻ʳǰʱٱĹһƣóһݲٿٱʱĹҶ˽˻ʳ֮С˾źĹٲŽҶ˳һСԺУ
Ҷӣڴ˵ȴٱǡĹһ㣬Сĵؽšò˶ãͻйϵˡ
˵аʱ󣬹Ȼд̫Ҷ㣬Ҷ̫ȥԺһ֮Уרƹǵ̵ֽ̫࣬Ҷһʥ֮ٵһλ̫󣬲Ҷ֮ǰ˳ŰϽС
֮ڣԱԣһɾϷ֮ϣƽ֮УһλʮɫۣУĿɨ·
Ҷ󲽶룬񲢲̧ͷֱ̫ߵǰ˹֮񣬸ߺꡣ
Ҷ㣿ϴһҶеϤ
ǡҶӦ
˵ɡº͡
лʥϡҶվ΢΢˼̧ͷ֮ϣģλˡ
ʲôˡȴǷڤĻʵۣ¦ࡣ
ˣǡˡˡǡˡʵǡˡҲ
Ҷвûκξ֮ɫڤʵ¦ȴֶһ̾룺ʱѾ³ҵݣһȴǾ֮Сãս߳ڣι֮ܣȴ޼֮
ս£ѿ¦ĿҶ㣬ڡȷʵдþ֮Ǹѵõ˲š
ʥϡ֮ʱĳ֮վ˳סҶȷʵн˧֮ţ˳²Ÿұ١߹սƵڷ˻֮ʡ¿ʥ˲һ֮ʱӦ֮£Ҷ㽫ְ֮׸߹أΪʥƽ߻
ɣ
ʱ¦ȴͻȻվ˳
͢ɷ˸ųҷڤɷ伶ʿӾֻܴӸ𣬶ְֱ֮ϣһɷģ
Щ־ûǰ¹򣬲ǿҶҶ֮ӣ´ӾҲǴΪ֮ġ㲻ǣڳоˣⲻ˷Է뻳ԣȴӦȥ
¦ǵûô̫ں伶ʿⲻһ֮˶ңȻãòҲνû־һɵҶ㣬˴ɱ
ճᣬ֮ȴͻȻһټҶ㣬һҶ˵֮ټνְʱŸо˲ԡ
˵ѣȻҲǵˡ֮˿Ҷ㣬˵ʵȴۿһǿԼǰ
ǣȻҪˡ
ү˵ˣ֮ʱ֮¡֮˵˼ʣҷڤ⻼˲֮ʣƸ¼һˣڹкβɣ
㲻߹أһˡ¦Ǻһ֮ǵرǣȴã֮ԣ³ƣȴֶߵĴ󽫾Ҷﳼ֮ӣã
Բӣ֮ʥϱΪսҶһ֮Ҳȱ֤ݣֻүնѳʵ޷Ľ֮£ʥϲĬ϶ѡʱʥϻ⽵ּǣҶˣѾҶ֮ҶȻβΪЧ丸ҶﳼӴΪǣֲ֮ʧкβɣ
ծӳ¦ǵЦ˻˵ˣҲӦʵθ٣ھ˾֮󣬲ƸĿܡҲǿܶѡôΪдһֺ£ֱΪˣҾսʿǲǶҪ䣬Ķȥˣ
ǣʱһȺĳ佫Ÿͣȴռ˴֮֮߳ࡣ
ҶҴжڳ͢ڵṹѾ˽⡣
󳼶ѡվڻһߡ¦ƺֹܲۡ
ҲѹĶȷʵ̫ҪܰԼ֧Լ־ʿˡ򳤴ֻ»ջһͳãʹΪһͷβĿܡ浽ʱ˵ͻڳƾΪ»ʣ¦ϵˡ
ʷϣҲ
ˣҲΪ֪ۻһηԣ¦ջǻԼ
Ƹѡ˲ţǾ˵ı־ڣд󳼿ʼվ֮߷¦ǡʱ֮£ڵһҪƽ߹أڷ˻֮ʣҲͲôིɣ
ǣҶս߳ڣȱľ˳ᢵ˲ţβã
ֻǿֻԪӦһѡ÷ڤµһ˧֮ȴӦսսϲŶԡϳҲΪƸβ޲ɣ
ʱ¦ȴٲֻ¦ࡣ
ˣڣ¦һӣֹס
˵Ķе¦˵Ωһִ֮Ҷʵ⡣Ҳ򵥡伶Ľͥԣܼһʱ䣬ϸϸһɾͲҪ˵ʲôھԸ۾ɡ
ϸˣǷͿƸΣ֮꼱æʡ
˼أ¦¦ǣشȴ˵ҿ͸˸ɡ
Ȼʥô˵ˣǾͺˡ¦ǻͷ
¦ϾǻʵۣȻʵȨѾȴò𾴡
¦֪Ҷĵϸôһĳ伶ʿζ伶Ľ
ս֮ˣָ¦ֲһ䡣


34 ܷ⽫
¦࿴Ҷ㣬ĿиܵޱȵšȻЩɻ󣬵Ҷ˿壬ҲͰ˾ġ
кλ˵ΪȫĿ֮꣬
֮ҲܵҶţһͷҲ伶ߣҸ伶۷ǿ߹ΪѰɡ
һ仰ȴǷ¦Ƕֽŵ·¦Ǻһ˾Ͳöˡ
תһλ佫һͷԸ˼䣬佫ʱҴȥˡ
ݣλ߾ʵȴǡСĹְǴﵽˡ󽫾ļ𣬲ʸ¦ҪȴҲֻ´󽫣ȥѰ
֮һλż׽Ǵ󽫴Žڣǰ¦ߵʩ񣺡ĩμʥϣ
¦΢΢ͷ䣬Ҫ˼飿
ڰٹǰү١֮һЦ
¦غһ֮Ŀɱ֮ҲΪ⣬ȫں
Ƕ˵䣬עִ磬ɻٻ¦˵ʵϵǰаҶ㣬ȫӣκ˾㿴˳Ҳ˵ʲô¦ǿһۣȻҲֻ֮
ʥ֮ҪΡתԸҷڤʥ֮˿ٻֻҪʹ׼õɣзȻк˵ϣȴ˼ã˵ÿɶԣ
֮⣬κ˶סʱһȭүģ֮ȫʩ©ټã
˵꣬ǰڵվԱȥóϴһƬյء
Ҷ㻺ǰվһȭָ̡
ÿȻһЦȫǲм֮ɫԼһʱڸɵһ伶Сɫȫڻ£̽ȡ֮¡
ôһվʱһӰԼ࣬Լһڳǲһ̬עҶ㡣
һҫâɫ䣬̤һԻ֮֡ҶעԭҰħ֮ʱħӿע˫ۣҪ㼯ڽһԻ֮ϣʱףĹضȷΪ
ɡЦųҶһ֡ҪҪУ
ðҶһЦȻͷӦˡĽɲҪڲǡ
⡭ȴһۼҶò϶˱Ǽӵ˲Ź˵еĻֻΪԷŭʧȥ侲Լ֡ȴû뵽Ҷ㾹ȻǸ˳ȻӦˡ
ԼȣʱֲջأֻӲͷƤһͷɣ
¦ǲüͷ壬ݺݵǴǰĴһۡǴҲ̫д󣬵ʱֲ˵ʲôֻõ¦ǽͣүʵĲǶأõǡ
¦Ǻһ˵ʲô
ڴʱҶϵҲӿɲǼ䣬¦ǵĿһסҶ㡣
ܣھǳ伶ʿôĹ򣬾ͽ伶
ҲʱȭħǾαװҶ࣬͵һͬǰȥȭֱȥ
ãʱòҪȴѾ鼱֮Ҳеĺ׳ˣֱ̧æ֮˫ţҶȥͼĹס
ȻһбһǲִӦսȴСҶֻһһţͬʱȭϥһšȭִ֮£˫ȭ䣬ϴϡ
ֻһ棬ͱҶȭˤڵϣסȻ϶˼ͷ
⡭ڳһڴ󳼶ˣ֮¶˾ϲı顣
ã¦̲סһν
¦ȴĿɭȻҶ㣬һ
¦һкãȴҶüͷһ壬а룺ѹֻܰѳֳ´Ȩʥϱ˵뻳ȣһǸĹԱȣƺв簡
¦ǣ°֮󲻶ɫֻΪЩȴϲŭ¶⡣
С
кλ˵֮ЩȻҲûϵҶѾΪ伶һһ¦ǵ˻ܡ
ˣĲˡ¦ǴʱЦҶһΪȴ˵ǳ伶ǵ֮ˣȫӦҪˡЩˣڳĿڵûбҪ
΢Цֻ˵Цȴ͸ɱκ˶ףָ֮ˣͼ졣
ˡ¦˻֣Ҳûϵɣ
Ҫ֮Χˣ¦һ˱Ҫڵ֮꣬ʱȴлرû˵
ȷʵ֮ͷԭҲֻΪҶǳ伶Ϊ֮ʱȷʵȼʱ࣬Ҷ㾹ȻֽһţʥϣţҸӦð
¦໺ͷҶ⡪޴㽫ְ֮ͽǧö۰ˡ㻹δмңڵ۶֮Ϊѡأɡ
лʥϣҶߵл
ϲʥϡ¦ЦŹ֣֮ţʵǿϲɺء֮ǰ˽Ҷܣ谭֮ӡΪʧʥܽ⽨֮£ͽܰɡһӦۣҲɴΪǲɿ֮ˡ
֮¾˰ɡ¦ҡͷ֮ۡ¾ˡ
ǡ¦ǹһ
ҶĿ¦ǣԽоʵǲöԸ
һУһ˳һ֮ǰ̬ȣҶָͣʾӦְҶ˵ǼǿᣬʼɷԹҶöȡ
ҶݱƽһԾΪܳ͢»Լĸۡ
æһУҹڣϰڷŵĸĸλ
ĸ׵ƱԭǸ׵ȴԼɣһֱߵġʱƣ˵ţѾǳ͢ĽˡٲһͿԴﵽľ磬Ϊ󽫾ʱҶұˡһлһҪΪѩޣȫ֪ǱݺǻµĶˣӢۣ
˵꣬صؿһͷ
ɫĿ͸ޱ峺һԭҰħ缤ƺҪγϯصĿ쭣һа񵴵Ӹɾ
ȴޱȵƽԭҰ֮Уħ֮ãؿħ֮硣
һУ۵ףС
ƶ䣬תۣڶ
һ󣬼ȸ¥ϵĹٱڣҶ㡣ƹ񲻸ԺҶΪ׵ľǰһ񣺡ҶҼүּΪڵ۶׼ۡѾʺ֮ءүҵȥһۣ⣬үҺ֮
ðҶ㻺ͷ
ӣǿɵöСġһԵ
Ҷ㵭һЦڶŮ֮£ѩӰЩٱȥ


35 ҹɱ
ڵ۶ΧԶȻƹģ󣬵ȴɵúܡ
ҶһͼʮæµţϾɵŰ廻ΪˢᡣѾʰò࣬ȥɵúܡ
ǰľٽܣһλĹٵĸ̰ۡҹ鹫ţҲʱ䣬ڲãҶסֻλýӽǳرԵҲ˶Ƚϰʺϰӡ
룬ҴϸιۡǾٹҶ븮Уﵽ⣬Ժתһ飬ϸϸؽһһЩ߽ǵشϸҶȻԹϸطԸȥֱȥ˽ʱʱ䡣
֪䣬ɫͺǼҶһ֣ҹˣôϢɣֲûطסס
ǣһͷԸϢʱ
ʱһӱ˸⣬ȴǻ¦ǰ۲졣һڹҪ뿪һүݵʱʵظظλö
Ҷ⽫𣿡¦ǻ룬Ҷ΢Цͷ
үˡҶ㹧ʩ
լЩ¾ɣһ¾ܻȻһ¡ؼǵضκá¦΢Цţڶȥ
ҸҪЩϢҶ㵭һЦүһȴҶˡ
Ϣɡ¦Цһ֣ǺͰڹӦһɢˡ¦һ֣ʾٱҪţһ·һ߶һڶȥ
Ҷ֪ظȥһͬߡ
Ϊǳ͢سˡ¦ǻ˵šҪΪҾľǡ
ǡҶӦ
ȼ֪ͣ㸸Ƿϸ֮£䵱㸸൱ĳ༸ˡ¦˵˵֮У磬Ϊ򡯣֮һˣҲ壬֮ͳһģʥ򡣷ܳԷʥɽʥǧ֮٣Ϊɴڡ
šҶ㻺ͷ
ڵΪۼǣۼǿĹңǷڤ¦˵£޵ڶȿҷڤȣҷڤ֮УΪ֮ףһӦ
ͷһת̾һǸŲϡȺиǵڶǿҪԽ֮⡣Դ˾ʥȴް취ǰҶұʿڴ˹Σ֮ʣжѡ𣿡
ȻҪͦҶ㻺˵
ΪƣƸ˵ʧΪɷ򡣡¦˵һУΪ˷ڤʹڤµһ֮λȹ̣԰Ϊˣȴòѹǻӹ֮Ȩзǳ֮¡ҡٰңȴ֪֮֮֮ģұһͬЯǰڤδ֪ұһЦ֮·ˡ
˵꣬תҶ㣺Ҷ֪ģ
Ҷĳֻ֪ΪΪߣӢۡΪһ˽ΪȨҰĶ񼲿ߣСˡҶ㻺˵Щ֮ù⻼ڲˣڹң˺ﵱ
¦ǿҶ㣬ͷ
һЦȴٲ˵ЩֻҶ߶ָ㸮ڸѯҶǷ⡣ҶͷƣԴǹ
ɫѾڣ¦һЦʱˡҶǷ⣬Ϻһˮƣ
лү⡣Ҷһ񣬡лᣬǰȥ
á¦һͷȥǻϺҶȥҶҲޱ£ѩӰСȸ¥ȥ
ү܆£Сšô˻Ź˵û꣬ҶƤҪȥˡ
͹ѽЦˡ𼱣ȸ¥Ը
Ҷȴֻ˼¦ǽս˴ȻҪҼ档Ƿ£֮⣬ίܾҲ֪⡣ôΪ£ңŽ
Ȼһ⡣
ΪҪΪҪڻƻ֮ʱ
Ȼ䣬ҶһüͻȻй˶㣬СĵΧһз紵ݶ
Χžޱȣֻг𣬷紵Ҷ֮
Ȼž֮Уȴһɱ֮ӡѩӰƺᵽʲôͻȻʼͳ˻˻ҲҶ㣬ſµɱ
ͻȻѩӰͷתһȴͣǰҶףǱǵ˵Ȧˡ
С׼Ҷ˵Ҫɱˡ
ǣŮһ֮ɫʱԴ߰γܡ
ºþһ𣬽ţһӰǴݼϣ¹עҶ㣬ЦΣǶˡƫƧˣ׼޵Ӳġ
˲ǴӰʮӰ˷ԶЩطݶϣͻȻʮ֣乭һ֧֧Ҷ
͵ϮҼҹӣСһ󴸣䡣
ʱһҹӰ죬ԷȦԶƵѻȴ𲻵ʲôã޷˵ˡ
һڻʮȴ׵ؽӽˡСóϹҪӦսҶȴһսǴǰɱһѪ·ߣ
ǣԶŮӦһҶһǰ
һ伶伶Ϊߵ𣿡ݼͷ˿Цš
ʮ˲ǰСһȣ󴸻Ӵһ½ǰһ˴շعǰݣۼǻˡ
ĳ磬Ϣҹбһ⣬ӹʱһ˲ҽеѪ
һУǰ˸ԻӵնŮǰ㣬֮죬Ůȴ޷ֻôһԾ
ƥʱնǰˤڵϡ
⼸ЦţŮΧסչֶιȴȫǳ伶ĸ֣Χ֮£Ůʱվ
ʱҶѩӰ͵һԾʱֱǰһ֣ߵѪɳȴ
Ҷ֪֮ʱѩӰ޷ȫӣʱѩӰȫɱаɣ
˲䣬һХ쳹ҹգѩӰ͵ػΪǣзźһ¾˵һλ֣һȥҧ䲱ַһ˫צ趯䣬˺Ѫӣ˲ҽһеϡ
׵ǣͷ˾һ͵طԾѩӰ
ҿҽסЦţԾ
ѩӰ̧ͷУХһҲԾצץȥ
͵ظֳһȴǻӰһʵ塣ɫ䣬͵һȭѩӰջ䡣
ʵ廯ȴʥ伶Ա־ͷĴ̿ͣȻȴʥ伶
ʿȼԽҲԽ󡣱˵һȺ̿͸һʥ伶Ĵͷߣֻ¾ʵҶˣ
ʱҶȴѾ̿ͲסֲѩӰ
̿ͣȻ伶Ҷͬ
ССһ伶ʿһƥǣ伶Ѿͷ޷ӳȥͷ̿ЦţԵѩӰȥ


36 
ĻӰϸţ伶Ĵ̿ͣɫ䣬沼֮µޱ飬ֻзɱ˵ĺ⡣
Ƕ룬ĬȻܹʱսѵǿҲҪϽѵĵطҶ뵽ֻоӡ
¦ǣֶǱ߲ȷҲ㣬߾Ѿ֡
Ӧ鸽㣬ߵ˱ֻĿԶȥ෴ǾͶˡ
˸ž⣬ȭħܸȭͻ֮£һλ̿ͱӲرˣһȴûһ֮ϡ
һΣһڵϣǴ̿ʱǰһĨȥ
ϵˣҶһЦȭħĻӰͻȻħּ䣬צӰӹҹգҲӹλ伶̿͵壬Ǵ̿һֵغ˼
ÿһһ֫ڵϣˤڵʱֻʣ
˵Ǵ̿һܣô˫ϵͬߣ
ھУҶѾٴ
伶ǿ߹Ȼͬһ㣬£ȫ˿ֱֻ۱һצӰӵʱѿһĿĵѪӡ
Ҷ㳤𣬲ħĻӰ֣ħѸٵ޲ϵˡһתһȺΧСĳֶУצӰУƬ̼䱻ɱ
ôˣʱǴͷʥ伶̿͸սѩӰһιˣҶչֳ似¶㵵ı飬漴øΪɭ
ֲͷҪ˵ˣǴ󻼣ţͻȻҶ˹ȥ
һХУѩӰһеצʥ伶̿ץȥ
ʥ伶̿һߵȴһת͵һ߳ѩӰţѩӰߵú˳ȥ
ѩӰǿκζԷȴʥ伶ǿߣȫǶ֣
СѾǿ֮ĩۿҪԷɱҶһʱĹۣŮɶһҶң˽սΪסЩ͵ȴ̿͵ĹרĶԸЩ伶̿͡
Ȼʥ伶̿նȴַ仯δȵСоͨҲ΢΢Ƭ̡
Сӣɣʥ伶̿ʹų˹һţһλ֮ǰһȭţҶ㹥
Ҷ벽ˣסС˫ӣצӰֱϮλ
צӰЩǰȴֵһᡣɫ䣬һٻȭţצӰϣʱצӰɢȥ
һȭҶ
һУҶȫȭħĻӰ˲ͬʵһ㣬һȭȭ֮һȭкȻдħХһı֮죬ȭͷ֮ȭ˲ײ
һƵ춯УҶ㱻һȭˣؿڷ³һѪħ󷨿תȴҲ˲һȬ
΢΢ͷڳޡ
˵ʥ伶̿ЦǰƮһֲһĵ֮С
Ҷ㣬ҹڣʲôԣ˵ɡʥ伶̿Ц˵
¦ӦٽЩŶԡҶȴֻһЦƽȫѾߵ;ĩ·֮ˡ
Ǻ⣿ԷɭȻâ̫Դˣ⼸ֻСèСһ˱ȫɱѵ
˵䣬ҶȴѾ̽뻳СָҲ÷ǴָϷʹãֻҪֽӴܽбʹá
ǿԶԸʥ伶ǿߡвУһö˲õʯ
ʱҶǴҪһöʯɱǰǿ֮ġˣһǣȴӶ֡
ʱʥ伶Ĵ̿ȴͻȻһؽĿͶ˺ڰ
Ƭ̼䣬һӰһԾһҹҫŹâžһǿʥ伶̿͡
ͭƼȭϽУ
һȴǷԷЧ֮ڡλҶͬ˪ն䣬˫۴ͭӰ͵
һСɫʥ伶̿һһȭһһȭӭ˷Ч͡
ֶ㿪ҶһѾӻȡ˻䣬У׼֡
ȻһЧͣԷʥ伶ǿߣٶһλ伶֣ҲСҶȴǾʹǿıˡ
УЧ͵˫֮ȭײʱײ÷˳ȥڿغ˼סΡ
ļһҾɱ㣡ʥ伶̿һʱŷЧͳȥ
ҶĿ䣬еĻ׼˱ģʱһǿʯӿ
ҲʱһӰ԰˳һҷ壡
ȻһλŮٽ¹⿴ˣֻĽãһԲüϸԲľ߷ˣһȹ·һŻ
ȴһʮŮ
Ůɱ֮䣬ȴһֻͻߣŮ͵ؼǰڷЧǰ
ʵŮͣȻʥ伶ĸˣҶ㲻һͬʱ
ȻǷЧ͵ˣԻʵ˸ǿзЧϣԸʥ伶̿Ȼڻ¡ȴҪ˷ѻǿһˡ
С㣿Ч;һôˣ
廵ѽŮعͷȴ巽ЧͽЦ̬ȴǸ塢Сһ㡣Ҳ˼ҽܵҲŲҪ㣬ܳҷźáл˴㣬Ҿʹ
ɵѾͷʥ伶̿һ֮ȴЦɫͻȻתΪ͵ǰ
֣һߵһͻȻʧһɫ۵һϲɫȻ󴫵˴̿͵ϡ
͵ؼǰ˫ͬʱƳ˷·𻯳һɫŷЧͺŮֶȥ
ҪңҴŮعͷͻȻâ͵һ֡
ԻԵѽ
ĽֻͻͻȻһһƹϣ͵طΪһֻ޴ĻͷſѪ͵ʥ伶̿ҧȥ
һУǾͷļҧסǴ̿ͣϵȥǻ쿨ס˫һʱֹͣ˽֮С
ôѽŮţ֮£ð˺
Ѿͷɣ̿ЦţӿǰȥƺҪͻǻڣֱŮ
ңЧʹһ͵طǰ˫ۻӶ⣬ȥ
֣㣡Ҷ˵ţħӰ쳤ХϺ͵һצӰصǴ̿ͱȥ
λ伶ֵȫǴ̿ҲҴ⣬һҧٳˡǾ޻ͷһҧգһҧ÷顣
̿ͺ޺޵һ䣬ȻתҪӡ
˲ܣŮһһ֣Ǿ޻֮ͷ͵ײ˹ȥ̿Ͳòͷͻһ֮ƣǾͷס
ʱЧҶȰƵ࣬ȫ
һצӰӹǴ̿͵ĲߣЧ͵ֱļͷҧƺһĺˡ
ǻͷֱײϣȻײֱ˳ȥײһǽС


37 ħħ
ǽڻֱӱУҶ뷽ЧȴҴ⣬ͬʱǰ
ҶֱӻַųһצӰЩһ˺ơ
һʿѾȫļޣʯϸȻڻ¡һצӰѾиɢʱЧһֱֻ˹ȻһУʯɡ
Ǵ̿¶˰ȴֻгнȻѾ˲ΡЧΣգȭݺȥǴ̿ͿڱﶼӿѪȴòˡ
̫ǿͷץͷЩˣЧͳҶһͷѾЩ̿͡
ʱսȫתС˼ǿԮҲʽԽԽԷͷ̿һĵѣȴѾûж־
ѩӰݶŮһһסʱҶͷЧһɱ˹һڴ̿ʱ߽⡣
̿͵㱻ɱɢߣЧͺҶ׽һ̿ͣѩӰͶŮ׷ЩȴҶס
˱㹻ˡҶ˵ţһŲס̿ͣҪʣȴ̾Ϣһ̧
ԭǴ̿Ѿ¶ҩɱ
ҲˡЧһЦһֻ̿ͣѪȻҲǷɱˡ
壡ǺŮʱɱһ½Ч§סЧεС㣬ˣ
λǣҶʡ
ϷⳤϵŮЧ˵
ҲǣҲǣʮΡ
Ҫ𣿡Ҷ㿴΢΢һЦŮƺЩԣȴÿ˵
Ҫܣһۣ۾һͻȻ˸£Ȼֶ̾㵽˷Ч͵
С㣬ǣЧһ
£¡ţҲҿҶһۡ
ëɣСֱڿ˵
ȷʵе㡣Чһ߻οһ߽šϷⳤϾôһ󱲣谮òˣСС;Ϸⳤָ´ﵽʥ伶Ϊ⺢̫ҪǿֻܰϷⳤϵæʱ̰߻ħǣ⸱ʱӣʱ塢ĺӡ
˵ţ̾˿
˶ֻǹҶȴһÿһǺ£棬ϲһ𡣡ЧͿЦʦõһЩϢоΣգб㣬û뵽ȴˡ
˵ȻǾˡ
Ƿ֮زɾҶ˵ǻȸ¥˵ɡ
С㣬߰ɡЧҶ㣬ȴһҲŲ
ߡƴҡͷҶĿг˿־塣
˲ɴΪ桪ΪʲôƫƫôҶأ
ҶĿ⣬ͻȻһԼڵһھԼڵ䣬ɻǰ
ʱŵòֹҪѷЧȥȴʹֻǶš
ҶӡЧͼҶæַ֡ˣ㻹ԶһЩҪٴ̼Ȼ
֣ҲҪҶɫأץסͶøӼҪ̱ڵϡ
ˣСһš
ЧȴҶǴ⣬ɿ֣һԡ
Ҷйâһڵķʱӿ壬ڲڶȥʱԭҰϿħ֮ͻȻҵӿһħȫķڡ
ʱҶ͸оԼԭҰ֮УԭҰн֮ͬʱҲɢ֮УҷҴܵ
ӦĿ֮תʱңȴԭҰϿգ۴ͷ·ȵ˯֮С
ܿƣ㿪ʼҷתؾȻһ˿仯ƺԼ־һ㡣
߻ħ
Ч͵˵صҶԺ֮УͻȻһ˿
ǷѾʼתΪħҵη壬ʵңħ֮ħ֮
뵽˴ҶͻȻųâħ֮紫ħʱзɨաʱԭҰɢ֮Ͷƺӱܴ׷ĺһŵҴţȴ޷ӳ˵ġ
Ҷһħڷɴܶ˷ӣԼ۳һŷɵǰ֣סԼܵеħ֮
Ȼν߻ħôˡ
һЦּ佫Ÿ߶ħĲֳȡԼħ֮Сʱħ֮õȴ׳һ˿
ˣֿʼʵǺ¡Ҷ㲻ɻͷ
ɿ֣ʧȥħԵ֮ع鵽ԭҰУЩħԵ࿹ڿе΢΢üëƺѾ˸оѣȴúܡ
ҶһЦջԼħħ֮㲻ٴħУҶҲ˳
ʱʵ֮еգ۾ԼȻĿη֮⣬ȴ֮ǰˡ
η壬ǵ£𾴣Ůĸ֮ʱһ
ô𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦ
磬ҵ֣ҾͺءҶ㣬˵
ѾͷòǶ˴Сһ֮󣬲ЦҪ˵˴ģѾһѣһۣ˵
СһͷԷݿɲ򵥣ԼЦġ
⡭ЧȴһľȣΪʲôҶ̬ȣ˱仯
֣߰ɡҶתЧ͡ΪҸոշ֣ҵķպÿкڵǹÿַΪһʱ䣬ҲԳҽ
ʲôЧʱҶӣ㲻ڿЦ
Ҳ¿ЦҶ㻺ҡҡͷɣѡȥ̳ϵͬҰɡ
ҲȥʱͻȻһλסҶ֡Ҫ͸һ𣬺͸һʱðģʲôҲһԹԵģ粻Ҫߣ
ŮͷЧͶɵۡ
ҲС񣺡˵λСǲǿǹˣ
ʮа˾ţС֣صص˵ͷһ˲ţڣСѾͷȻʧǣ۹⵹еġ
֮ǰôô¹أ⡣
ôءСš
⡭ЧͿӣΪѣ˵˵Ȱ˰죬ʲôҲûУɼһͷ
ȺͷȥҶүүͬˣҡ
Ҳͷҡ÷ɿ죬ҾҪ͸һ𣡡
ʱһӰɰ㼲Ӷ䵽ǰ¹⣬˿˵ĳࡣ
ȴ䡣
ʱ˫Ҷĸ첲ɫһ
Ҷӣô£ͳ֮⡣


38 ǿ
үүүү䣬ʱ˷үүҪ͸ߣ
ԡ˵ȻתҶ㣬Ŀ
߻ħжˣҶĿ䣬Ŀȫη塣
㣬ô£дŭ⡣
ڵʧȥƣѵûε𣿡Ҷʡ
Ҷ㣡ŭһ
үүܶԸװȦתʱܿ޳
ҷżһ£ĲûоȡҶ㵭Ц򶨴ݡѾԹҵķҽĲȷʵЧ
˵ʲôеŭһ˲ʧϳ־㵵ı顣
ϡЧʹסСʱĪؾҶӡҶʩԾ֮ȴͻȻҪҶߡ룬ҲҶӵķʲôðɡ
ڵɢΪʧȥңܿơҶ˵ҷŽ֮У˯ڰ֮У˿˵ҷɣʹ޷ѡʩ֮Ѿ˷Ӧʱգջ
˵ģдż
١ҶһЦ﷽Ÿճ־ңѵᷴ
ãһͷͻȻһסҶ֣һִϣɲǼ䣬һ֮伤ҶֻԼţжȥҲܣ˽ȥ
ɲ֮ҶֻصԭҰ֮УһͬڿС
㿴ҶңָԶǲң
ԶǻƮ˵ҵȻ֪֮ұ㳣֮Уϣа취þһзұһҽûκЧ
зˡҶ㵭һЦ
۾ͻȻһץסҶ֡Ҷ㣬ղ˵֮ʱҾѾҡˣѾҽˣΪƾ֮޷˵֮Уȴ漣֪㲻һˣ̲סԼϣҶ㣬㲻ʧɣ
жİɡҶݡ
áã伱æſҶ֡
Ȼֻ壬Ҷ㻹ǽ˾롣䣬ҶԭҰħ֮ڴޱߵħҶɨܡ
ãɢֱ۳һţҶħ֮󣬲ɢγħԿ֮һ
ʱǳ˯ŵüë
ˣˣ伤ؽֱСһ
̳ϣȥһ˰ɣҶʡ
ˣˣصص˵ͷ
Ƭ֮ѾعԼ֮Сʵ˵ȴһɲǵļѡ
磡ҶĺøУҲһ֡仯ȴƷôšӦ˵еӾҶħõ˽ŶҶħʱ䣬ڣȴӶѡ
Ҷӣƣе¡üЦҶ̬Ҳ뷽Ŵྶͥ÷ЧŮԡ
ûϵҶҡͷҿҲžŭ
л⣡伱æͷô󺮶鷳ҶӰæչˣЧ͡
ڣЧͼæӦ
͸ҶߣչҶӣк˵ĳ鲻ԺһὫʦҲߣͬһ𱣻ҶӺͺİȫ
ǣЧ;Ҳһ˿ϲЩҶ㲻ϽӴѾϲޱȵˣ˹£Ҳ¡
һͰ˪֮ͬɱ˵ȴˡ
Щһô£ʱüΧһʬ壬ü
¦ǵˡҶ˵
¦ǣһôԸ㣿
ֻҲϹ¡Ҷ˵
⡭΢΢üҶӣԵʶʱΪܡ
ͬΪıҶ㻰Ȼ¦Ϊһ˽ùڲˣʹڤˮȣԪӦݺ͢ʯ֮ұɱɱλΪۼ
⡭ɫһ죬̲סʣ˵ԪӦ˹᣿
Ҷصͷ
ĻҲԥ
̳ϣ֪뿿Ͷ¦ƣһͳ˪󡣡Ҷ̹ԣˣõ˪ĿȨֻҲҪΪ߹һ¦֮ʱ¡
һЦûм˵ȥ
ԭ֪ȻԪӦˡ䳤̾һڿҪӳˡ
ΣҶܵ׵ġҶ˵
д֮£ͬʱֿԼȴԼߣ߾Ͷһλʥ伶֣ԼʵͬʱߣҲͳԼǮĺ뱣ڣ֣¦Ҳã־ҲãҲɵԼ֡
־֪Լֹϵ󣬿Ҳȥٳ¦ǽӴ֮¡
һ֮£ҶȻ᲻
ãصͷģҲᰵ˱㣬ȴٲܷˡУȻЩСʵȴ˲Ϊ׸
ȻҶͷ
ƽʱʲô£ͷԸЧҪңҲ˵
ǣҶ뷽Чͬʱͷ
úøҶӡҲҪԼ֪𣿡䰮ĸͷ
ţ֪үүЦˣЦĺӡ
ǻȸ¥价ܣ˵ĸ۵ĸҶǳ֣
һɵĳϣƾĸ֡һԱʲô˸ҶҶ֣
һ·Ȼ޾գһ·ƽȸ¥С䲻ȸ¥סһϽȥʵ˲¡˯ºֽЧͽȥһ
ڶһ磬ȥʱ֮󣬷Ч͵ʦԭҾ͸ȸ¥Ҷһ֮СԭԪĸ֣ǿǿ߸ˣһҶߵʵʱ
ˣҶͷЧͣ伶ʿټʵ伶ʿѩӰλ伶֡
Сǳ伶רչ˵ӱǣս϶ۣȴѾûʲô֮ˡ
ټʥ伶ʿԭԪʿѾǹԺơ
ƣҶȴǲⵣġ
Ҫ֪˿죬ֻҪһ۶֮ڣԴ¦ǵƤ֮£ʱκֶԸԼ
ڼȻѾ˽ݣ˰ףչԼļƻ
ǣҶ֮ꡣ
Ҫ֮ͨҶ֮ͥأȻֳһͬͼ֮ơ


39 
¦ǾȻ˴󵨣ֱ޷죡
Ҷҹ֮µ֮겻ɴŭ
²û￪ִҲûСɼ¦ҹ֮ʱѾֳһ鱻˷ֵĿܡ
Ҳչʾ˴ڵ۶зǷ
ڵ۶ֻжҶ˵ͷҲ˵ùȥİף뾡С
Ҳá֮ͷһʥϡ
мҪ鷳ˡҶ˵ֳѲξӦڱر߹طۡ˰Ҳ鵽ֳžۣ߽ͬ
ܷ⽫ְ֮ȴڰ֮ش̰ͼ֮ģԸԶ߽Ϊǣɼοɽ֮صͷģұ㡣
лˡҶʩعȸ¥ȺϢ
գ롣Ҷ㼱æ֮õ˹ǲ飬ȴɵر߹صǡ
ֳҶͥڴ˷֮ۡ˵һʼԱξҲϷ˵ԼҶ֮ӣ˵Ѳҡʱ֮뻳;´ʥΪ»ǰˡ
лˣҶ㹧һ
лҡ֮һЦΪǳ͢ӦлŶԡȥ·;գԼء
ǡҶһЦ
֮˾뵽ڿԵһչȭţıΪ֮£Ҷֻͷ졣
Ȼɸ̾Ҷȴֱ˵ĹϵҲãˣҵѰҲãҶһƵģһ͸ֱģҲǻΪˡ
صȸ¥УϢ֮ˣҲǻ衣Чͼæȥ䣬Դһǰ
ҶӡҶ㺮Ѽֱ⡣˴α߹֮УҲܲġֻܸߣҲ޷߻Ҫ£ֽȱԭȴͬˡҴ˶ʮ֣ǳ伶ĸ֣ͶУҲܵξٵǿߣϰɡ
ʮ伶֣ʲôӵһֻɾɵսӣȻԭҲͬУʮ֣ȴҲ
ҶЦˣνкñԼñô졣
л̳ϡĵعʩ
˵ˡ˵ЩĻԽã˱Ҳʱʮڡ
ġҶ֣ص˵Ետʲôʧͷ
ãһͷһСŮϷ̾һ
Ҳûа취ֻһ˿ҽĲǧ󣬸ټôҲȥ߹ա
ʮҶİʵѰСɾӣҲˡ
ȻѾ쵽˹ģҶҲٲ飬ʴ뿪˵۶ǣűǶȥ
ȥ·;ңԶԽȥԽǼաҶһʵоա࣬һ·˲ɽǿˣ޲һʼͱѩӰ֣ȻǶʮ伶仨ˮҲ̶á
ȻûѩӰ޸й٣ȴһķⷨΪۡǸСĽ˵ȴʲôֻǿԶܽһ֮ľչǰ˺֡
ֻⷨҰ֮أȴĹáٴζˣ䣬ѩӰԶĵ׼
һ·ǿɽҶҲջ١һɣ鳭һկһ·ռЩɽկĲƸȴַһСơЩǮ˽أȴָǶʮ
ʮֲʥ˽ȻҲ̰ͼҶ˾٣ǴģʮȴҲһסҶƽʱǣҲǼΪģ˭ó涣ҧæҲҩҽΣȴʮֵġ˵õĺô࣬ĶҲ࣬ҶԽԽ˳ۣԾصԼҶĲˡ
н֮УְŪҶҲʮָȤֻھ֮Уֻ½ܷӼá
κ㽫Ѱɡ̲ס롣ⶫо֮ʱ۲ȴǷúܡ
ţȴͻȻͶľУƺʲôԡ΢΢üƼɡ
ţصͷ
Щÿ춼Ҷƣڻָ࣬ҲԾضҶ֮飬ҶĻǴ
͸ͶľҶֲݴ֮СЩһ֮·ǿݲݰĻɫ۽ŴҶҲ޷֣ȴЩѰɽݿܲͬ
֣ҶйЧָͣǾ֮еߡ
⡭ЧһüͨˣǴɵӵܣǡ
˶һۣͬӣ
¦ڻǶˡҶЦһûϵ
ǾɱһֲɡЧЦţϵĽ
ȿ˵ҶʾϸΧķҲ֮ࡣ
ôˣЧͲüиĻǿ²Ƕ֡¦Ǵ˱ɱ֮ˡƵɡ
Ҷ㻺ҡͷ¦Ǻѡﲻûԭ翴ͼ˴һ·򱱵;УΩһƿʺҪҪ·߶ȺɽմϿȣȴ֮·
ӣЧͺһô˵ֻӲˡҶģǶᱣʹСƽȥġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦа취Ǽ𡣡
𣿡Чһ˵𣿡
Էƣ˳ɱȥܴһѾǴʤˣҶ㾹Ȼ˵𡱣ǷЧͣԱǶʮҲò˼顣
ǰȥɡҶ˵ﻹ޷֡ȵ˽
΢΢һЦһĪģȻɻ󣬵ҲУǰȥ
֪䣬һ˫ľѾ˰֮ڡʱҶȴͻȻ·ͣϢ˱·˩
͸۹۲죬ֻЩŵ˶߿йѾʸңһߣʱ׼֡
ˣǾǵġҶһЦԸڴ˵ȺѩӰǰȥǱһ˶Ǳʱȥɱɾ
סڻһͷ
Ҫһȥ֣ЧһüҸȥ
áҶһЦģ˴һоաߣ˭ǾȻľзң
ʲôϵôЧɻ󣬵ʣҶѾѩӰ·ߵС
ѩӰԭΣҪ԰СĽӽɱǷ֣ҶԸš
ѩӰʱ·ΣҶּɴСһָΣʱȻΪЭȻξ޴󣬵ƶȴֻһ磬κ죬Ƕ˶ȥ
ת֮䣬Ѿؽӽ˶ԷԷֻʮ֮ң
̽뻳


40 
УһöϾ΢Ļ䡣
еĻǣҶԼûٻΤʬʱһĻʱ潣ɵķκľմţȴȫƣ
⣬ҲһԿʱ
ؾ𣬶׼ǰţת۾һĳȵڽΧӿţĲҶ֦ʱɿݡڡ
䣬ǻ֮͵ŸߴϿºݺݴ䣬ȴȽǶΧһһȼ
潣Ŀ£ΧľɳţϽһÿôһԴԳȼ֧鷢ΧʱȴѾΧ
ãͷ˴һʱ潣Ѿɵ˶ǰ͵شһʱܴ
֮ǷɱȣľֻҪմȾһʱȼգԽջԽƬ֮䣬ѾһƬľ˻𺣡
潣ҲԽԽСȫɢּ䣬Ҳɢˡ
֮УһӴţȼϵĻȴϨشȴֻǽݵҲȼܱϨ
ȥ𳡣˻ߵشţǰɱ
ȴסһʱ䣬ҽ֮ڶļ¡Ǵһľģȴʮˡ
ԶЧ͵һ߻𣬱֪ҶѾˡǷƥһ·ýʱպÿ⼸ʮԻгһЩϻŻ磬ǻ粻סӣЩȴʼ޷𣬾֡
ѹƱ𣡡ʱţЩˣʱǻ࿹һ˽ѹϨ𣬵ЩȴΪʵ㣬޷ѹƻ棬ȫ𣬲ҽŵ¡
Ч͵˿ôĿģȫ֪ҶʹʲôӣԭĴʱҲǸ̾ʱ򣬷ЧʹһֵǣɱЩȥ
ӳ𺣣˷ЧЩˣһңҧӭˡ
ʱҶѩӰһԾǵգХһĵѡ
Ҷһӣ컯¾Ϯɱ͢Ͳ¹Ʋ𣿽翹Ωһٷµ־ܣһ·
ɱ߿Ҷ㣬ʱۣ͵شһ߳ʵ֮壬һ˸ĳҶɱ
˺磡һУѾԾ߳ͻ֮ŷ˶һ¾ͽԷĳֽ˵ڵء
ÿ֣ߺ޺ҧҵĲ¼ȫڻ𺣣ҳ֣˺սҲɱ㣡
޺޵ؽţһת˸ƣԼʱԻצѷɳߣ裬˲֮Żȥ
ѩӰȥһ֮ҶԸһѩӰԼǴ߶ȥħӰּ֣䣬צӰʱǴȥ
Сһ͵ȭצӰֱӴɢʱʧȥƵǳֽȴ͵һײɳȥҲЦŷ˹˫˹ȥ
ҵͻƣ⻵ˣڿнţ˫صӰǱڳ׼͵Ϯͻһ㣬˿ʵ
߲üͷ壬ȭֳһ֮һȭӭȭһʱڿײһƬ
ʥ伶ҲһҶ㵭Цٴλ֣һצӰӳɨǴСȡǴʹһһμ䣬СδնϣȴҲοѪӣʱһġ
ȻŹᣬһͬͻХȣǻʱҲһ˫ƶ͵ײڴ֮ϣһѪ˳
ʱҶϣȭħӰߣȭ֮ȭǴ߱
߱˲ᣬȭص似ϣƤȻͦסȴܵϼˣһſڣ۵³һѪ
һǰ˫ӡؿڡǻţҲһײڴ֮ϣʱͬеľһ˲˳ȥײһˤڵϣعݣʱ
ǼʮˣҲڷЧ͵˵Χ֮£֧һС
Ч˸ۣסһʵԼȥ˫۴Ϻסڵϣסͷлſȥҧ죬һɱķӡ
ҼڣԷֻʣʮ翹Ѿȫ˴֣һ£Ƕʮʱ˼ٲֻ֣Ϊܶ׽ͷЩ֪˵ͼ֮ȴƴɢӣȻѩӰΧһûӵǱסߣʱ̶ɱ
Ƭ̼䣬ȴֻʣ˷Чͽһڡ
Чüͷʵ˵˭ģ
˵Ӳֻҧһɱµļƣ÷ЧջѣɽȵͷǷž۵˲ҽ
ٲ˵ͲȱԴЧͺݺݽе
˵㲻˵ɣңҸ㡣
ʱһĵŮͻȻ𣬷Ч;̧ͷֻԱл߳һŮ
Ůһ˿ȹʮֻж֮͸̬֮Ӽ˲񶯵䳤ֱ·Ǵ˵еĺһ㡣
ҶŮӣȴ΢΢㵡ĸйʮֳڣѩӰȴһֱûзŮӵĴڣɼŮӵʵһ㡣
ʲôˣЧͼæһŭĿӡ
Ҷ㡣ŮӲȴҶ㣬һЦû뵽û뵽أﾹȻıȴ𡣿ϧսʿǾһһĺ֣ĿҲûмСҶ㣬ȻǸ
ǺˣҶ㸺ֶʡ
磬ŶҶߣһľ衣
С˿ƯŮӴЦšҶĸֱֲһ·ƽ¡ƽҲ͹Ϊֹˡ
²˵Լ𣿡Ҷ㵭һЦ
ʲôңŮЦ˵۲ƺҶʮָȤҶĿӣȴʼ峺ˮ˿Ӱ졣ŮӲüƺоһ˿죬һ
Ҷ㣬סЩ˱ǻɱľսʿūô
Ŀ͸ɱˣΪȡġ
־𣿡Ҷʡ
ϻĸ˻أЦš̫ᣬ߱²ȴƫƫҪ£ĽɵĴƣʵǿաΪɵŮˣȻҪǡҶģˡ
˵ţӿһλһ䳤۵ߣֳֳңָҶ㡣
粻£ţԭѽƨɣúģϴ
˵ţͻȻ˫ƻӶ䣬һ½һһ·϶Ϊһ壬ײ˹ȥ
Ҷ΢΢ü
֪ΪʲôԼƺûô򵥡
ֻһͬʥ伶ʿôݵص¦ǵò࣬źϾس
һ˻ɱ˵ģ
СģҶ
ûϵž⣬һ¾ͽ򵹣
󰡡ЦţͻȻһһǰ̳
һƽƽ棬˰;ȴ͸˺ƴ纣Ϣ


41 ֮
СģҶ㲻ɴһ
Ȼ˻Ůͯӣ似û˲ֶΣյĸоҲڡҶѣѾӦ˶Էһǿ󣬼æŴ߶ת
һӹƴϢֱӽ˺һ룬ʣµһˤһԲݵϡ
С㣡Чʹ֪˱ضʵһǻ˲ʹ䲻ܳΪ˵Ŷʮǰ
ں֮ڣ۵ЦЦݼ벻м֮⡣ֻǻ֣ʱֽɨƼϢӿһ֮Ȼʮ˹㲻ǰ
ÿ˶оһԼش֮вԭվȫֿǿסһ÷·ܵشһŷơ
Ľʩչһ˵ʵ֪
ѽôһ±ôˣ
ЧüôоŮʦ£
ʦԭңԪĸ֡
ֻʥ伶ʱȴͻȻչֳԪʵ⡭ҶҲɻ󣬵ʱͻȻע⵽ǳֽƺЩʲôԡ
ϸع۲죬ͻȻ۾һ
ȴȫʵ壬ڲʱسֳӰԶ̬ʱԼڣȴһΡǽɢṩƺˣŻڳʱΪʵ塣
ͬʱʹ˵ʵҲ˲ﵽԪ
֣ע⵽ı仯𣿡Ҷѡ
ЧϸһһѵǸ
ʲôҶʡ
ǻǹԹɡ˵ЦţǵٶһһɵڲǶʮ伶伶ȴȫҵĶ֡ҵĿֻҶһˣ˿ˡ
ЧͺһͻȻǰӵ˫ۺɨ
ôССķ͸ǰݣЦһ֪֪ʲôķ
Ȼ䣬һ̧ǰָʱٽǰֱ̣ЧͶȥ
Ƶ֮˲ͽЧûЧ͵似һ±䣬˲ҽһԿˤ
ѩӰҶһѩӰʱһ󼲷ȥڰнЧغһԾء
ֻǿء˿ЦţɱҾͽչΪҵ˾£ʮء
ҷ壬ҺƴˣЧǴѪˣɴŭ͵ظֳͻһ˫һ֣Կ͵ŵȥ͵һƿն
漴˹ȥغһ˴ȥ
ʲô似ͬϸһ㣻ʽȴֱֵһᡣҡͷЦһָȻΪʵ壬һմȥ
Ƶ糱һڿУǰֺ
ۿƾҪЧͲѩӰһС㣡
ʮ䣬ͬʱǰȥ
Ҷһ֣ѩӰһͬǰʮ˺ˣʹòˣҼֻɱ
ȺûõĶǲˣüּ䣬Ƶһ˵Ĺʱסú˶ȥ
֣㷽˵ʲôҶоһ֮ųޱȣҲѪȻˣæħ޸򿪿ʡ
ӦǸɵ֮񡣡Ч˵
񣿡Ҷʡ
һ߽Сˣ˵ԭҰ֮У֮ڣ󣬱ܻΪ֮ʹסڡЧ˵ˣʵȼ͵ʿʹʱֱһ
һҶͷԭˣֲ˵Ůֻʥ伶ʵȴܷӳԪǿߵʵ
Ҳƽ׵ġЧ˵ʱȡ㿴ֹʱбɻӰ˼ȡ
˵ò˻ͷĵ⡣ȷʵɸҵұԪǿߣЩֵһļһǰʲôҲǡЧͣҾ˪ˣԸһ·ǵĴС߰ɣǸҶ֮ĶԹ޹ء
˺磬Ҿʹ㣡ţҶԡ
˵Ů߻ħɵӣû뵽ɵÿɰЦ
סڣЧŭȣ輰ҼҴС㣬Ǻƴˣ
һ֣ʮһɱ˹ȥҶѩӰҲͬʱ֣ˣҲʱƶϡ
һӵϣ˶Щɵʱߣּ䣬ֽ̻һ嫼Ľƣ㽫˵İΧȦ˺ѣһֱֽŷЧʹ˹ȥ
Чʹһӱ۸񵲣ȴĽײúˤڵϣĿһǰԾǰһŷЧ͵Ŵȥ
ڴʱҶѾһеȫһȭǽײһ
ĽƣѾܺɨˣοǳֱӴɲǼ䣬Ҷȭϵıȭħ֮ͱײ÷飬ǳֱӴҶȭСУһֱȭᴩ
ѩӰʱۣһ
磡Ҳɱ⣬ŷǰ
ˡ˵Цһ֡ʱҶгҶҡκˣһֱѪӿشԣѾˡ
һתΪɨƵʱһɨ÷˳ȥˤڵϣһʱȻ˼ء
ɱЧʹţڻǰ񵨳ɨڻȴܵС
ˣҪ𣬵ȴˤڵءڶԸѩӰʱʹóԶǿڶԸˣѾѩӰش
ʱŵһСȴѿȴԭƴƣʱٲȫƿĶҲ˳
һһ߶೤ϸԲͲǰԲͲޱȣȴ˸ź⣬
۾ȴһһѽԲͲץȥϵĸӣ¶Ķף׼ˡ
ˣ㣡ţԲͲĻء
ʱʮӰƵ˲˵ǰʱýƽڻöᣬŸֽϷƼĿ⣬ȴȫû⵹زȻɶԼ𹥻
˲䣬ʮӰѾǰŵѽؽһæͬʱֽ֣ɨЩӰ˽֮С
ǽƼǿᣬӰ׷׵ϣȴһ֧֧Сĸּһ֧Ȼɨж˳ƣȴԲ˵Сۣ·ƣ첲ҲһѪۡ
Ķ˲ɴŭҪӽٴ̣ȴͻȻоһѣΡ
Сһֻоһת


42 ȡ
껨Чʹʱ¶ϲɫһϣŮѾ˼֮Ųˣɱ
Уһڻϵʹɱ˹ȥ
Щ֮˷һУ˫͵ؾ˸ߵͻȻ棬ɢޱеĳӶһͬʵĽ֮ӾҪγɡ
ҶʱħҽֱˣӦ˴ʱԶʤţ֪鼱֮д㲻һеƴһ֮Ƿ˳ֻ·ЧͺЩҪΣա
һ𣬲һеؾ˻䡣ӿ˲ע˻ʯڣ͵һҫ۵Ĺâ˲ջڳ˵ۡţһֱ˹ȥ
˴ʱڶӿһãԼһȴӽֵ
ɲǼ䣬Ǻײһ͵رһ죡
ŲҽУڹâɢ֮ԭسһ߿ĴӣΧһƬڣľԻΪ̿ѾˤԶϣȫһƬѪۣ˿·ҲըҲ
ǣЧͿɵˣҶ㡣Ҷʱصڵϣڵش
һöʯ˹ؼ֮ԶϵˣڴϢ΢΢Ц
ʱ˵ȴͻȻ鶯һ£ţȻô
ʱһһѪۣԵ޶Ҷ㡣
Ҷ㣡Լ壬ּϣƤѾýڣ˺ۣɿҲ˻ͬ֡㾹Ȼ˳һôɣҪɱ㣬ɱˣ
ǿ֮ĩܴأЧͺһһ֣ʮʹʱߣ׼ŶԷɱȥ
ʱͻȻӿ˿µһԺзڶ˲ǳֽŭĿӡڣһС˷趯֫˶彥󣬱һ׸ߵľ
СģҶһվ
Ȼˣʵأֻ֮֫˶ѡŴ߶ʯɢȫУȴļԴʱֱ۵Ҳܿ޸˵վˡ
ȴۿ˳ȥܸܵʱޱǿѾʼȼ˵֮ͷ·Ҫ˱Ϊ򣬶ȼƻһ㡣
һΣ֪
Ҷ㣬ɣ˿ţָҶ㣬㽫ٵԣ׼Ҷ㡣
һȵĽݺἤ÷ЧͺǶʮ̲סֵ̧ס۾
ǶɱУƺҪ֡
ʱҶԭҰеħ֮磬ȴͻȻҵضħݺһħҲγ˺һĳ
ħħһ˲γһµСԭҰмתţ˲壬ٵؼеֱ֮ϡ˵ֱ۱Ծ˵ٶȻָţһգ֮䣬ָ
ǰߣеģ̲ס̧ǰһץ
һץ֮䣬ط·Ϊ֮ɫ˶ǰͻȻһ£·̫Ҳɲʧȥ˹⻪
һץ֮Ҷ͵һΪظоԼж˼
ƵǰչһС˾ԼоšС׾·ϹȴһΪ֮ħ
˷ֵĴУڽУߵһ±飬·մɾ񱻾ʯһ㣬һأ򱣳ŴеƣڵأƬ̺ˤڵϡ
һ˿ĿɿڴЧתͷҶ㣬ϵǽСˣɴ˸£㵵ʣҶӣôģ
һ֮䣬ĶҶ㿴Сˣ˵šԭҰУħ֮ȻضһħСʱҶٴתСһ¾ͱУٵؽҶڡ
Ƭ̺ҶԭҰ֮Уֱӱħ֮˹ȥħ֮֮СҶ룬ֻǽСħ֮룬Ͻħħħϴ
һǽСħ֮硣
С˺ܿħ֮зɳȻѳȴħħħײţħ֮ʼձϵţҶָűȭħĵöȥ˱ȭħ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ȭħ㷢һǷеĽС˽Ϊһ壬˲ǿӰ죬ҶҲоԼͻȻ
˳龳磬ԭأһ߾ͳʵ廯ıȭħ
ȻǾαװġ
Ҷӣ㽫˹ԼˣЧ;ȵòˡ
ǡҶ㻺ͷʱоԼ·һȭ֮ضԻһ㡣
˼ţ˵ʹʱӦʥ伶Ŷԣӵеȴʥ伶Ǳʥ伶ҪߵԪôأѵħ֮ã
ȴûԪı仯˵ֻӵԪȴʿӵԪ
Ҳᵽʹ֮ʱħ뷨Ķõķʽڲɱ֮ʱ㽵ĵȼ֮ˣĲŻᡣ
˱ȭħҶԭҰеı仯ֻԱȭħз˳ֽħ֮Уڡ
Ҷôˣеʡ
áЧͳ˿Ҷ㣬𾪡ֻǲţ㾹Ȼؽ
Ҳû뵽Ҷʵʵ˵
첽ѩӰѩӰͶȥοߡ
磬أȻǶҶЦš
˵ҽ㡣ҶҡҡͷὫִϡڣħ˳ħ󷨣ʱ۾㽥ųԼ
Ѿʹأš
ٲ֮ڵƾԭԼͱʱҶΪѩӰҽΣúѩӰҲ
Ҷҽ֮ʮɴ۾Ŀг֮⡣
ҶһһҽǵˣȻ̫ҶķԾܾҶºȴֲɵĿ֮£ǹԹԵҶΪˡ
˲֮һ˶Ҷκˡ
û뵽ǻܻЧ͸пһҷƴúݣʵѾҶһ׼ˡ
ǲҪҶ˵ȥЩ˿Ǿѹǿߣ
Ч۾һصͷ
ʮĳ
ҶĿһɨһʬ壬ҡͷһ̾
ȻһҪɱǣǲ޳ޣҲִֻϷѡҲҲǸĸһͬΪࡣǲҪǱʬҰҰ޿ʳɡ
ǣʮѾӦӡ
úЩ߱㱻˵ʬ壬ҶԵһĹ¡
бЩˣʬȴѾ˻ңľһΪһ塣
߰ɡҶʱһЦСôãһļˡȥǱϢɡ


43 ֵ
СȻǶʮһҲǳ伶ƽʱʮһѪսսȴǣҶֻǰǿƥûǲж
ϴĲ⣬¾ҪŬܸľ͵Ѿߡ
˻عҶŮ˵˼սﶼһҲп⡣
־ǳ׶ˡ޵ǵ˵ɱŮˣһưոݵġ
ҪģŬԼʵҶ㵭Ȼˮľɽ״˵òʹûҲ޷
ˣҲΪȻһսУʵᵽ˸ֵĿ£Ҳ֪ԼĲ㡣Ҷ֮ԣÿжӿҪǿ
ǰ;գҪӱСĲǡЧ˵
ҶͷǷߵĴ·С·ҲҪ֮ܿء
һٳȴ֮ǰСģʱʱ۲ΧֹٴϮ
һ·ǰȴδʲôΣա
һ˰·ҹϢȴûĵͷ˯ǾÿϾʱҶˣÿո·֮ʱҲ֮ϰڤ򣬶ʹ֮ظϤ
죬֮䣬ͻȻоԭҰзһ˿仯ĸ٣һؿʼζűҵ·˲õħҪ
𶯳˺ܾãȴʼղʲôħģҲƽϢöɢ˵ĹâƺѾħоѡ
ҶԼоħܷʵضǿޱȣԶԼӵеħ
ãֿ˽ϣϣУҪľǲϽ֮ʵеһ졣
˴ˣҶڷܣԼ䣬ڰħ
֪䣬ʵѾ
֮УİҲ˾ͷһ죬ڱХ֮У˱߳ǰ
ر߳ǣͬڵسǳأȴɭϣƽʱҲǽգֻСŴ򿪡ҶǰʱŵʿǰʣҶȡ˾ί״ʿŹؽӭڣר˽˳ش󽫾
ֱ߹ҪȴڵһǳһرΪ˸˾ְֻһλش󽫾ƹһСˣܾһ壬
У֮мǵĳش󽫾ꡣʮòã۾һӢ°һӣд֮硣Ҷ㣬ʱӭȥЦݡ
󽫾Ҷǣһ
ؿЦŵͷܶһλѵ֮ģҷڤ֮ң֮Ұ
Ҷǰ֮˵λȴλֱ佫һΪΪ֮־ӵʵ¦һɣȴԼˣһУһ롣
ʱ·ϻðɣѿҶί״󣬵ʡ
żˣں֮ڵҷҶ˵ֻ;һ֧ϮǣиɵҪҲˡ
һ֧ӣһˣ
Ҳ˰ɡҶ˵
˶ʡ
ڣʮˡҶ˵
ʮ˾ӣ꿴Ҷ㣬һľȡ
ţҶЦˡ
ţ۾Ź⣬صص˵ͷѵõţֲŹ˵Ƕ֮ҪǧҪİȫ
ȴǹˡҶ㻺ҡͷ
ҿЩ֮ʣȴǲ֮Ż˵ҶһЦʹ⣬Ҳְлˣһࡣ
ɵˣǾ־Ҫֺˡһһ￿ųͶȨλǳ˽ҲܾӢ۵ӵڵ۶֮УҲվӣô֧ӦþǻɳˡҶҪСġȻҵĵ̣Ҳѱûл̽ӡ
л󽫾ѡҶͷ󽫾ҵֳҶͥľзۣи֮롪ҼȻΪȻҪͳʾӣֵҵľС
û⡣һЦȴ㵽סȥ
áҶͷ
棬ҶһӣɰеͷȻǺ֡һôʥ伶ĸڣѾͷССﵽּѵʲôеſ
ˣҶ࿴
ְλֱ֮ͣ߳ڵһ㣬ҶĽģҲ۶ǼլӡתһȦҲûʱ䡣ڽҶܸһ֮ȥ
֮һ˽ǰ˷һرﴳţ㣬𣿡
磡ָӲõҶһ󼤶ʱӭ˳ȥ
ȴֳҶֵͥԺ꣬һʱٸнᣬرһ
СӣЩɵˣҶͥ˵û뵽һʱı仯Ȼô󣬾Ȼ˽
Ѫ𣬱ֻܿ̿ͼþһѩ׵ĳԩԽþͿЩҶһһЦ˵
ЩҶͥһȭǿ伶ĳ͢سˡ˵ҶѾˡ
硣Ҷ㻺ҡͷǵȴֻǸաֵһҪСĽǡ
գҶͥһ
ʱС񡢷Чͼ˪ĶʮҲȫ˹֪Ҷͥݺ󣬷׷ǰѩӰҲ˹ȵسҶͥ˻
⡭ҶͥһȻûϵܵ߾ȻôһȺ֡
ȥ˵ɡҶһЦҶͥ˸ڴ֮УνܸҶͥ
Ҷͥǳ伶ʿҲֻСǶʮͬҶ㡢ЧһȣѾ磬һȣǾСһһؽȴЩʧ룬
ֲ֪пϧ
һһ˵Ҷͥߵûʲô˵ģԴӼУһֱŬִ񣬼֮֮Ҳõء
ֵ˿ʼ߱飬Ч͵л˶˳ȥֻ˵ʰۡȻҲ뿪ˡһʱֻʣֵˣҶ㽫ԼľҲһ飬Թħ֮⣬ȴǺޱ
Լĸ磬£ʵҲûбҪ֪һΪֻ׷Īֻܱѹĵףһ˳ܡ
Ҷͥ˵ҶѩӰύˮľɽţƺ¥¥˪ĳϣĻӣɾȲѡ
ֲ˶˵鲻·ɸпΪ־ھУÿֻ֮ȴûˡ
˵Ҷ־¦ǵĳͻֵ
־ʵڿɶ񣡡һȴֵǵģ㡭
硣Ҷ¡мҪ˵
ʲô£Ҷͥܵɫԣһ
ǱݺһѾԿ϶ˡҶ˵
˭Ҷͥһ¼ȭͷա
¦ǣҶһһ١


44 ֮һ
ʲôҶͥɴ۾
ѳֳΪһ˽˽ɽ񼲿࣬Ϊų켺ϧһֶΡҶ˵ֱ֮ӳ°ɱľд󽫾ֶݺԪӦˣԱΪۣ˸ס
쵰Ҷͥѣһȭϣһʱķѡ
磬Ҫ嶯Ҷһץס󡣡ǵĵ̫ǿҪսʤ侲
Ҳ֪ǱҶͥҧΣѾüĿֻû뵽ʹȻһ
ʲôˣҶһæ׷ʡ
ھϸϸ飬֪˵ʱǱʱһЩϸڡҶͥǿѹŭ˵ԭ֮ױƣΪԪӦϮ˸һΪĳǵСǡĳǵرԮŴȥȡû뵽;ȴԪӦ˷ʧء׸ϵĳ£ҪǣȴԪӦں׷ΪɲţײѴߣȴԪӦΧɽУԪӦߣ׵ѳʱѾˡߵĴԪ˧Ϊ֮ǰǶ룬£ա
ȴ˵ȥˡ
⻨Ϊٲ壬һֱҲԾùԭΪ⻨ԸĻ⣬ųԪӦ֮ʼӺҧ˵û뵽Ȼ¦ǹԪӦף
ô˵ǻӦþ¦ǵĸˡҶ¦ǸҲһ
ұ¾󽫾ΪҳͷΪԩָڿȴֻܾ˴Ҷͥ˵󽫾ѵõĺù٣ΪǺϡ㣬ʲôûУ
Ը¦ǵ£Ҫӳ顣Ը֮£ȴǰҶ˵ֱӵ֮һҲԳΪ¦ǵ
ô죿Ҷּͥ
ڵʵֱӶԸһСǵر⡣ҶЦ֣
һжģҶͥЩ˷ܵһͷ
ȥ󽫾ҶȥҵϢ
󽫾꣬굹Щƣ֪˸շ֣ΪִҴҶҶȴǿżɽ󽫾Ҵ˴ɵ߹أһΪΪһҵҲ¾ΪҸѩˣȴһЩѰ佫㣬ֻӡ
ȻֻиˡЦŵͷ˵ɣʲôҪ󣿡
ʱĽְҶ˵СʱȻսȴϤоսȴϤΪر֮Χķ顢ϤҪҵ޴̸𡣡
ü⣡ͷཫ쵹ûأ˵ȴҲ롣뵱ҳ˵أðʱ̤⣬ÿصμģرսʤ
ˣȵ飬Ϥ߹Ҷ˵
֧㣡ͷĽְͻҽȲ㡪߹زڵأյúܣ֪ʱĿ̡ƬԪӦǿɱҪȥΣҲҪֲǡ
ءҶҡͷЩ㹻УüҲͬСϾѾڴ˷һ࣬ȴҵ򵼡
ãû⡣ʹشӦˡ
Ȼְ껹ֱӽӡҶ㣬ˣƾӡڱ߹ظǣܵԼ֮ʱҲƾӡŵӦ
Ҷ̹Ȼ֮꣬صСһ·糾ҲʱҪٸԼȥϢһա
һ˱뿪ǣһ·Ҷͥţһ߿飬ϤεòһűǸĶĳǶȥ
ȻǱر߹أϽһգŵĳС
˵ǵ˵̣һҪСġ֮ǰҶ㶣ˣҽһ˷ֳ˼飬αװǣֻΪسʿĻɡ
˷˳УȺסͬһջδκ˵ĻɡҶ漴˶˳ȥڸ۲ΣͬʱҲ⻨ĸϢ
֮ʱ½ع飬еҶ㷿С
ҴŶʮֵѾǵˡЧ˵ҶҪʲôȫɹ˿أʱ׳˳ǡ
Ҳ˹ǻ¡˵һԵúܣȻֻرȨȴȳػ˵ҲҪɫ£Υ̸϶ãҲڰзԣҼȻܻѹӦòǻһ
˵Ҳ˳ءС˵ֻǸŭԡ
ҹҹر˻𣬳һװ֪ȥȵġ˵
֮͢УֻҪǻһǱǺˡҶͥ˵ǲȨΪ˽¹ڲ˵ˡ
ܺáҶͷ˿ҪʰҲ¡ҪСĽҹݲ֣֡һڻֵܳǣڳѡطƥغãֵܿأװһ£ٻзɢס֣ʱսپ»ȥ
ǣЧһͷ
ǲɢˣҶȴûϢҹҹ˾֮ʱһĵ뿪˿ջһ·رȥ
ʱ̽˽λãʱڳСϼУȴᳵ·
ܿ˼ҹѲ߱Ҷ˳׳۵Ĺۡǰתתһǽ˸УƾҰһй٣׵رܿ˸ҹѲıڽת˼Ȧĵ˸͸
ȴû̫󷽵˽լֻݼ֮Ϲ۲ǴĵΡ
ڶ죬Чʹ˽ƥͳȥڳһصֵأֳ˿أװȻǷУɢס¡
֮ʱҶӿջС֮Уһȴ׼ʱ롣ҶѾ׼õĺ£úڽ棬һҹд̿͵װ硣
磬򻵵ı¿ɸˡ۷Ź⣬˵Ҿʹһ
ɵѾͷֲȫǻˡҶһЦֶˡСģɱ¾ǸȻɷֶΪеļҶۣ˼
ǣ˵ͷ
һĴ֮£˳СŽȥһ·ױܿҹѲʿǽζ룬Ǳ˽֮С
Ҷˣ˽ڵĵ·һ·ǰˣһڸ
ǴصòʮֺãֻڳУ˵ǽѰеӸҵףˣЩ곤վҲûʲôģֻǴźǷͬѡ
Ҷ㻺̧֣ʾŶЧʣɡץͷҵǿ
㵹֪⡣ҶһЦˡ
ʲôЧǰȥͻȻԾȰڴǱһȭһûȥһһ죬ѾԵһֽʿס
䡣Ͱ˵
ǱʱͣסٲֻǺ٣Ȼŵòᡣ
ԷںδЧͳʡ


45 ֮
ŵȫսЧ͸ӦǸӢ伶ʿʵֵһᣬһЦ˼֣Ǳ˳
úеҼС
졣Ч䣬ȶԷаʮĸг̺ӵ׻˵ҵԷҷ㡣Ȼʱɱˣ
ȥȥ˵
ˣЧһ½Ҹ£󷢻̶ס˫Ҳн÷ֺ
ҴУұһȭԴ𣿡Чгɱ⣬ŵñͷ
ʱҲǰ¹ѩӰǾ޴κŵüæҪ˿ӡ
ѩӰ󣬵ȴóǱ٣ȴһΩһһϢƶǱи֡ˣҶŻὫҲ˽ؼʱ̻ԳΪǿ
ָ£һ˺ܿ˽լһǽͷ󣬷ЧҪǱǽָ˻ԷλãһȭǱûȥǽһߵĲݴ֮С
˿ǰǴլȥƬ̼һ֮⡣һ˿ǰԼĸйޣʱһͷڴŶǸӣϢǸŶͲһ
˵Ȼָʮˣ͡رļһҲ伶ȴҲǱһ
ҶҲӦĶ΢һͷ㶯֡
СȻҹϮرĸۡҿǻˣ
ʱһȴ˵ͷһһȻףȴֻ¹ԺУһӰȻɢκߵϢ·һεĵһ㡣
亹˵ıӿҶоͻȻεѹԼķ䣬ӿ졣
ǿ߲ʥ伶̻ر𣿡Ц̧ͷ¹£һʮӣĿ䣬񲢲κӣһ̲סҪսĸо
ºˣҶ㻺ǰڡµ֣⻨Ĳ¡ΪҪ
΢΢һЦҲ޷ǻļҽүĸ֮ˣջ£רŸүڴر߹ء˵ظΪɱǾɱҵ֡
ԸҶ΢΢һЦ
ȻԸȨЦָ̧ˡ˵ɣ˭
˭泳֣ȴŭĺ죬Ųֱնǣ
壬д̿ͣʱ俪ڣʱһˣ
ѩӰһɱˣʱȥ׽û壡Ҷһ͵ǰȥѩӰߣŻ·ͳֱһ˫ƣߡ
ôĿһ伶ʿȻҶ˵ɱ֣г˲мͻȻ両ֳһλӰ
ȫףŭĿ֮״Եݣ·似˫֮󽫾ֳһ˳ǹǹеıâ䶯䳤ǹڿһΣʱֳǣ˲ǰ̳ȴһǹǹγһҶȥ
һϣ˫ƳʱΪһ壬һֻ޴Ļͷǹâݺݵҧ˹ȥ

ʱʯײ֮УȻԷǹײȥǾ޴ĻͷҲǹâƿɢ
ѩӰҶͺһǰ
Цּ䣬ǹζҶ
Էʵʥ֮ϣô˵Ԫȫ˵ܳɹ׽û壬˶Ҫ
ҶĿ򶨣˲Ѿ⡣ԭҰ֮Уħ֮͵ؽǽСͷ˳Ͷ뵽˱ȭħ֮С
ħצãȴӰڶԸֱֳ֮ʱȴǱȭħȭܷáˣҶȴǽȭħѣʹ˲Լߣ͵һȭӳݺݴǹ֮ϡ
һײĴУҶͱȭħȥһײǽ֮ϡȴֻסΡ
ȻֻѾû´һ
ôܣɾǸ伶ʿһȭȴȻӳԪǿߵ
ԣ漴üʲôķԼ
ۼ⡣ҶЦһ͵صŵطȭħȭͷۼԿɽʯŶԷȥ
÷²£˷̰ķëͷСʹãȴǱˣɣ
ЦУǳǹһǹ̳ǹֱײڱȭħȭ֮ϣ޴죬ҲʱһԻ߸ֳ֣һѳﵣűȭħֱȥ
ȭħǹȴ޷ܷһļͷֱӽӴ÷飬һҡ˿ҶҲоڷ·ܵػ³һѪĺˡ
СӣȻ跨֮ʱԪǿ֮ȴûԪǿ֮ԪߣλһλʿںΪһͳ񡣡»ǰ࣬ĿעҶ㣬·ڿһ
Ҳ˵ֻҵںһʱǷȫڵңȴֻˣ棬֮ǲм
ôͽǿʹҿɡҶ΢΢һЦ·ѶԷ
һȼԶԼСӣµɫʱͷŭ
ͬʱҶȥһһǹΪ⣬Ҷȥ
ħ󷨣
ԭҰ֮Упٵתţ˲벻ħΪһ塣ʱԪħ󷨾˲ҽҶˣҶߵıȭħҲʱָ
ʱٿٵؽ뱩ȭħĵ֮УҶߵıȭħʱɢǿҶ˫ȭ趯ǰȻһ˫ȭͷͬʱסУŻɱȥ
㣡ûϵҶ㾹Ȼǿսһ֮ȴɸջǱȭħһ֮ѹƵòȫоɫ죬ޡ
ôҾͳȫɣɱ㣡ӿ棬ӿǿ˲䣬һλɫ۵ߣٵΪһ壬·һ͸һϡ
ǵǹ⣬۱·ҹһ財
˲䣬µɢ˸ΪǿϢλһֵһֽߣǰλһҶ㷢𹥻
ɲ֮䣬ȭħ㱻λشӷɢ١Ҷٴĺˣ֮Ѫӿڱ֮һѪ
磡ţ߻ٴѩӰһס£ͬʱŻ¹ȥ
ԼҾͳȫǣĿ䣬ɱ⣬һ̧֣װĳҲ̧֣ϵǹʱΪâһһ޷ȥ

ҽУѩӰȫԡѪշ˳ȥ
ɣµЦš
ڴʱҶų˵ĺ⡣
ԭҰУֻɢâȴħɳĵٴξҵ


46 ս
̧֮䣬ħֱ֮ӴѩӰڣֻƬ֮䣬һһǵȶٵȬš
СӣЩŵЩȣĿ漴øΪ䡣ҽ֮ʵţϧҲҪڽҹˣ
̧֣ȭ趯ǹ⻯Ϊ㺮âҶȥ
ХգħγҶǰβҶ֣ħǵצʱųצӰצӰƺ˺գݺһƬâ
ߣּ䣬âĶʱֳɣЩצӰȫײ顣
ЩâȻǰӿ
ҶԭҰ֮У𶯵ԽԽڣһ쳹յħԵзҶ䣬ʱħãֱӷħС
ɲǼ䣬һ촫һǵзڿлһŻ׵Ļħ
ħ˫⣬֮µȫ֮𣬱ʱڣը
սħڴˣ
һŭУǻħҶԣϵĻȼţͻȻ̧һƻȴǴͬըҩըһǰȻֻһ㽫ĺâ÷顣
ʲô¾ֵشУʱǻȭ֣ϵȻ˲䱻ǹ⣬ҲˤһѪ
ʱҶͥЧڻѾг˳ڻѺһȫѪӣȻǻ塣ҶͥͷЧͱԻҪЮ£һͼҶչȻ⻪´ˣһ
һ򶷣Ҳ;ŵ˽еıǷ׷Χ˹ǰ龰ȴ֪ԼǰֻһȴԶԶسŵǹ߽кţǰ
ǿĻħҶ㲻΢΢һЦսħǿǿԶʤħȴû˵ͬԣڻֻܿܽħ֮ʱʹѡ
Ҳ㹻ˣ
۷ž⣬ס˻¡֪ԼսħΪԼõʱ䣬ɱ£˶վ
СվȻϳ˿´ʱһԾȻˣȻҲлָ֮ĬĬת
ԿҶһЦô򵥡ȻˣͰ°ɡ
˵ţһ֣ħսħʱǰһŻ»ȥʱȵ֮һʹ¡
ڣ
ҲңͿʼ𣿡һٶΪһ壬ͬʱĴ͵ǰɱŻµĶ趯˫ۣʱ˫ϵǹĴһҶ
ײһʱȻ죬ֻоƺҲ֮һ£ɸԺȻ
Щʿˣˣţˣ־ܣһҪɱˣ
ȴֻǿţκζҲɵӣ֪Լ⽫еһҲôʮö壬ΪЩ嶪Լ
ײ֮ҶͻȴǸȻǴƽ֣
Ҷħһתһ˱㼴ȬһЦĿǴϢĻ£Ŀı£ǿЦ£ȫҴƽ֣ʤ𣿡
СҧȴǺȻ
СӾʲôȻǿɶ񰡣ķܷӳΪ˱ȴС֣֮Ҳģ
ģҲ޼¡ȴףԼѾ˲֮СҶߣȻ࣬һ¶ĺ֣Žһģһж֮⡣ٿԼȻϰһ¶ɫֻ֪󣬲֪ǰ
Ⲣ޶ȻиȥӪбţһʱҲϲ
ʱҲҲһҧүһûãʵǶԷ̫ǿߺ޿֮˰ˣһʱ֮裬ͼ
ЩȻ棬ķȴܾòز¶һȥó׼ʱⷨӰұҵСӣ
һͻȻһתǹ£һԾԶǽͷȥ
ߣҶһ͵һԾѩӰͨɴܶסŻ͵׷ȥ
¸һ𲽣ٶȻûзӳѩӰȴѾƾ޵׷˹Ҷ֮ϣһƳսħǰһ
ʱһΪը֮ڻ±ȻըƺһӰһµ
ϣսħѾմݺ𣬽֡
СҲɱ㣬ȴԼ˫۷죬ŭһתĴ֮һҶ㹥
һΣȴǶƴͷȴȷŻҪǿͣͬʱ֮£ȻսħҡΣ֮ϵĻҲƺʱҪϨ
磬㣡һ˫ƶŻǰηһͷײ˻¡
·𣬻֮䣬һֵһֱֽӽڰնɱ
ƺһؿڣȻҲˡ
һҧԱγһֻԲͲȴ˵껨׼˻°⶯˻أʱʮ֧
껨˪еİ䲻ܼԶսʱټ죬ҼιֻҪһƤҪְֻܷһΣҪװ֮ǰжʮ֧ʸڶԸʱգʱװȴ;ϣͨʸûжҩ
Щʸ껨ԭװļʸ״죬ҲۿۣȻ֮ʱ˻һȴûκһ֧˵߳ǹ䡣
껨µҲʶʸһüðԭȴ˪ˣ˪Ѿһɣٲ磬үԣŰɣүҪЩʿ
˵ɡҶЦѩӰϴһƣսħϵĻٴαһŻ´ȥ
Ҫ񣡡´֮ǹ˸Ϊâڿлûһֻâƣֱսħȥ
ײһսħϵĻٴ趯·ڴ紵֮µʱҪϨ
ҲʱҶӦԭҰ֮еսħﱬһâһ·ǸоܵƵǿߣҪһ
սǹ
սħ̧֮䣬Ļ˿һı֯һ˻սǹ
ͬʱҶߵսħٴλܣ̧һ˻սǹ
ʲô¿ǹ̲ס˸սԼоһϢԼֶ
ɱҶйâһǰָսħʱըǸ˱ǹֱ򻪵´ȥ
´ţϵǹ۳һֻâ޴űǹȥ


47 տԨʯ
ǹ뺮âľ޴ײһʱըǾ޴ֱӽ޴÷飬ȵıը򽫻°Χ֣µȫ˲䱻ûڣڲҽӱ߸ߵˤ˵ϡ
һƽϢ֮ѾһڵΣڵϣƺѾûϢ
ǿЧͲɾڳÿ˶Ҷˣ˭Ҳ벻¾Ȼ׵ؾͱҶɵ
ҡ
ʵ˵ҶԼҲûϵ
˱ǹʮǿ뵽ˣΪڽɲǣоԼ·𶼱ˡ
ȻһһλԪֵȫһһֱӽλֻɱȴû뵽
ǿ
ڸ֮̾࣬ҶȴҡΣȥæǰסѩӰҲ͵˹嵲סҶ㣬ʹˤڼӲ档
û¡Ҷ΢΢֣һʱѡ˵زɾ߰ɡ
ãѾ׽ס˻塣Ҷͥһͷ
ҪɱңˣȻѡۼ±ճɽڵΣ˵ġ
ֻҪλúһҪʲôԣš
ԸʱѾɽεĻ£ȴѵ̧ͷͻȻƴȫһ֡˲䣬һ㺮âָû˻֮С
ãҶһһʱ㣬ȴ޷ֹ
һʱ̱ȥʱҶͥüȴѾˡ
ʣŭشŭһǰһڻµͷϣ±ߵһˤڵϣڵͷ­ȴһ룬ˡ
巭ת֮䣬Ѿջ֮Уһ龧Өʯˤڵϡ˱ǹıըʯȻû𻵣ûһ㽹ںۼɼǷ
Ҷͥһʱǰ֮С
ʱҶҧ嵽˵ڵϵĻߣħ󷨽֮ݶ룬ӿ˻ڣʱһ۾Ҳƺָ
˵ҶʡǺָʹƱǳش󽫾Ҷսԩɱģʵұɾ
ǡǻµҵ°循ֵؽţֻǸССرүҲҲӡүҪԵҶŶµļƲߣҲִ֮ƵСɫѣúҰɣ
ȻˣҶһѼ֣һµڵϡ
ңúҶѾ˵ˡʱȴһ𣬾ֵسҶ֣һʱѾӲ˫һˤ˵ϡ
ǳ׵ˡ
ԭѾȫҶħסһȴɳ־ãڻزζˡ
ڴʱȴҲ˾ӱ֮˻𣬸л˰֡
ˣˣԶСšõӲҪߣȾһǾˣ
ȴǴ˿ߣʡôӽ˿ֿǵ
ɾþӣߣҶȥѩӰһѸٵ֮ǰ̽õ·ǽС֮Уһ·ȥ֮һƾСŴЧͳֽשʯƣг˳ǣһ·ԼõƬӣȥ
һ·ֱʮ·һСɽͣ
Ҷʱûлָ˲֪Ҳܵǿþ޴ĴȴҪʹ߳ԱڻѩӰߵһڻֳ
㣬ôˣҶͥѩӰϷеʡ
û¡Ҷ˰ֻ֣δѣϢϾͿԸԭˡ
û뵽㾹Ȼ񷢻ӳǿЧͿҶ㣬ɸ̾һ伶ҹȴɱһλԪĸ֣ʵ漣´ȥ²ŵġ
֮ϣʥ䣬֮ԪȴҶ㾹ȻɱˣķҲ֮𾪡
λæʱҪ⴫Ҷ㵭һЦϾǳƥ
ġЧһͷ˵ǴСĶˣϷⳤϵѣƾЩദѾʹǳΪһ㣬ǱᶮҪ㡣
ǶʮλҲȫͷ
㣬ǻʱϵһʯӦʲôɡҶͥʱӻȡǿʯݸҶ㡣
Ҷ㽫ϣȥؿȴҲ
ǡտԨʯЧͶһȴɾһ
տԨʯҶĿҲһȻֱ𣿡
տߣ֮ҲԨߣ֮ҲԴ֮һ㣬Ŀռ䣬СȴɴǼΪѵõıڽ֮Ҳֻмǿĸ֣пܻӵУ뻪ϾȻһö
ԣЧ˫۷Ź⣬æߴ١
Ҷ㲩Ⱥ飬Ȼ˵տԨʯҲ֪÷ʱڵħʯ֮Уʱһ޴ĿռʯͶչǰ
ǿռͬһݰС۵ʮ׺ͰٱֵһСƿ
üһЧͲɾ̾һտԨʯ棬ССһȴôĿռ䡣
⻪¿ݲһ㰡Ҷͥ΢΢ü̧Уγһϵĸֵ£ֿ˿Ҷ˵ƷıԻʯ۵ֶ߰ɣھҲѵ֮ֻ񲿶ӵĽſӵС
ȥ˿ʮףҲһͷЩҲһʯ׿ɸտᣬƽʱ۵һϣЯⶼ˲õıﰡװһ֧飬ֻƾЩе֮Ϳʿһʮ⻪ȻЩͨ¦ǵĸ¡
Ķڣʱװһ֧ǿĶҶͷ¦ڴˣȻ⡣Ҳڤл˴ڣڹؼʱֻҪ¦һǱķӦ齨ǿĶ飬˲˸ؽȨ
Ҫı֤ݣҶͥ޼˵ȻˣЩһҲ԰⵹¦ǣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷģ˵ʲô
ǡҶͥˡ
磬ҪԸһʵ޷ǿȨߡҶ˵ǲһھͽҧɱһҪӳ¡
ҶˡҶͥص˵ͷ
ǿЩɡЧͻǿռ֮УһֻӣȻٺһЦȻϣȷʵʯ
һֻУȴװ˴СͬĥʯЧͼ¶ϲɫöǺöǡʯһǾӹϵƷ֮ʱ߷һöؾٶȾͻʿıﰡ
ִԱһСӣһϲŵĶǿʿľʯ
ټЩƿƿ޹ޣһСУЩϺõҩȻֶҩǹеĺñţиҩģѽ
ݣԪĲݣͨݣȻıڣ


48 ̶
ݣһٶȵĲҩЧָͨҩҪǿʮϣº˭ٶȶ
Ԫ˼Ʒʹ۶ϵĹȫԭһ˿϶Ҳ£
ĲݣƳҩֻҪ̷ʱĵ
ͨݣЧĲ൱ĲǷϵķ
ֲҩɽ֮УмСѵõҩģ
һӣ򿪺ȴǧö塣
ˣοǷˡЧͲЦҶӣЩʯҩģıôǮǴգ
ô˵лջġҶ㲻Цˡ
ȻҶͥͷЧ̲סһͷ
һһ£տԨʯռ֮һһٱʯսʮʯףöʯʮöʯʮƿϵҩʮƿ඾ҩʮƿҩҩÿֶʮꡣ
ȷһʲƸǶҶָ𲽵Ľ˵Եޱȡ
ԼѡһףһսҶ˵Ȼ˵ǿ֮ڴҵʵҪڵĸõļʯõľʯ˵Ĳҩ֣鷳ָһһ飬ʯҲˡ
ʲô˶һ
Ҫ֪Щѵ֮Ƿڳһ֮УҲ˲õıҶ赭дҪַˣȷʵ˴һ
Ҹ߾꣬빲ұ˶ҲֻıĶѡ
⡭ЧͲ֪ǺãһΡ
ʵ˵ЩҲĶȴҲ֪Ǳ˿֮ġҶҪָңҪЩ˼
ֵܣˣˡҶɫһ磬ȡָҡ˭ҪǲҶ㹲ѣôԱɣ
⻰˵ϣѾɲ˲ҪˡҶͥȻñ󣬵ȴҲ֮ͬ󣬶ҪܵܵĻһЦ㰴ҶԸȡ׷ָˡ
תۼ䣬ЧڵĶʮһ˪ʿͶֵһףһսһʯһʯһҩʮƿҩȫ˳ͷˡ
ǣСҲһһס
ҪףóصģȴҪףָЩҩ۾Ź⡣Щͺϲ
СЩҩɡЧͶҶ˵СǰͶöĵãȻ߻ħݱȴûЩҩ˷ģֿɷá
áҶһͷԽʮƿҩ֣ȫϵİ֮С
ÿ˽͵ˣлϲСԲ˵Ƕʮ˪ĻȴǶҶΪĽѾԾؽԼҶĲ¡
ϣҶħرտԨʯռ䣬տԨʯźá
һ·ȥԶ˶ĳǡ
գһƬɽִԵʱ̫˱˴ͣϢȡˮԺ
ԺţԶȴһ̶֧ӣʮﻤԶ⴦ʱֻͣǰ·ȥϱû֮أҲֻڴϢ
Ҷ˲Բֻǰй۲죬Ǳߵǣ㲻ǰԶһƬ֮Ϣ
Щ˲򵥰ҶͥҶ˵
ЧҲ΢΢ͷ㿴Щһ۾һͲͨˡǼҲ£ֻ۾ж˼־裬˵ͨˣɾЩˡ
СġҶ˵˴ϾǱ߹֮أӣɲ
סЧһͷһɫȥ˪ڻѾ⣬Խ䱸
Զ̶ˣҲʱߣ۾ҲǾ֮⣬óˮԺ
ʱҶѾԺϡҶǻˣܾЩԣ巽Чʹ˸ɫ֣ȥ̽һ£Ǿʲôˡ
áЧһͷվǱ߶ȥǱߵʱм˽̽ȴһ곤ֹ˶
곤߳ӭŷЧ˹϶Цʣλүкιɣ
֪ǾүЧʡ
ү˵Цˡ곤ЦǺǵ˵߽ˣҲûл˵ãƲǿ䶼оӵʽС϶Ȼϵóˡ
Ч΢΢һЦĴָ
үкηԸһЦʡ
ҿоƣܷһЩЧָŶԷһֻľʡǼŸ·ϸûüƣʱȴǹ˾Ƴ
˵곤ЦˣЩõĶȹȴܸүáүԵȣǳϻû˶ĺþƣ͸ȥ
˵һתһϣ복֮ڣʱһֻװʮƵĴҳ˫ֵݸ˷Ч͡
ǮЧʡ
ԵҪʲôǮ곤ЦҶиλүأЩ̲ô⣬лЩЩˮֵʲôҪүǮүǣȥðɡﻹп⣬ֻȴЩˣүҪһЩ𣿡
ˡЧһЦװӣž˻ȥ
ΣҶԼºʡ
ǼЧ͵˵ЩһƣͷȻˮ©ȴӦжȣͨˡǶԷڤ˽䱸ֻ¡
ҶͥĿһʣԪӦˣ
пܣЧͻͷ
ҶȴסǾңͻȻһЦ˹˵Ȱҵһ롣
磬밡Ƶʡ
򿪿Ƿ⡣Ҷ˵
ŶҲ룬ӹεӣſ֣žеһƣŵţͷʱ˳ȥ
ҩʮֿ϶˵ҪǺȵǻһ˯Ϻþúþõġ
Ȼ⣡ҶЦһ
ڴʱǱߵ곤Ҳɫһ͵س𣺡ֵǣѰ¶ְɣ
ʱʮ𣬶УҲʮ֣Ҷ˳
СӦҶ㻺ǰӭȥһʱε֣ǰӭԷ
վסҶŶԷһƣʲôˣΪԵ޹ҪӺǣ
˭۾ôȻܿǵλ곤ЦѾӿ˾ʱλʵ߸֣һһҽסȴֻ޴
Ȼһλϵʥ伶ĸ֡
ǳУˣ߸ֳʵҲһϵǽ׳
ⲻʮ˵ĶУȻλʥ伶ʿ
ô֣Чһü֧󲻼򵥰
ôҪ£ϸʸҶ˵ǵй̽ǰ̽ҷڤɽǱؽ֮¹Ѻ
Сӣſԣһλʥ伶ʿЦ㲻Ǹ伶СȻԽ£ȽͷժǵĴ˵ɣ
˵ţѾҶ㹥˹


49 
˷ǰߵ񷢳Хǰ䣬ſҶҧȥ
Ǹ£һ߸ֳӰ͵ȥһ½ײڵأһš
漴뻢ֿ۶šʿͬʱһԳƻȭһһַ˶ϣײһ
ȴǴ˸ƽ֡
Էȴʱɢ뽫Ҷһ˰ΧЩ߲ûиֳӰȻʥ£ӦӦǳ伶
ϣԷռƣҸλʥ伶ǿߣƺȿԳԶҶһˡ
ҶߵˣȻô롣
ҶλɱԪֵڣʲôµģ
ʮͬʱγʯĵ˸ţͬһ֮Ӱļ¡
óС޿ŮǸԼĿԷ
Ϊƾʵܽ𣿡Էλ곤ЦǰҲͼһ˲һֱҶȥ
ûĻ˵ͷɣ곤䡣Ǹ߸·ɣҪˣС̽ǵݣȴԼˣ
˵ţͻȻһȭһͷʱҶ㡣
ѩӰкδҶȴָԭΣֻƥһԭز
ۼǾ޴˶ҶȴֻһЦ䣬ħ֮дХ֮Ҳħ֮зɳħ֮Сʱ޴ħԵзԾҶ߱ʱʵħһâһҧڶԷľײڵء
ħ͵طһŤľʱһ۶ϣɢԷ곤Ҳƺһĺ
ǿ񣡡곤סΣ㵵Ҷħ
ħѾαװʥģȴ͸׺ɱ⣬˲곤߸ӦħɢϢһ˿֡
øڤˣαװã곤ߺһû뵽ԭʥ伶ĸ֣׾ˣ
ͻȻ䣬һХ·һ㣬͵һȭ
ʱֻԾһֻҲٳԣһħȥ
㣡Էһλʥ伶ʿҲ˹ȭ䣬ߵһħȥ
ǾһɡҶƽּ̧һȭħʱȭǰһצ˺һֻԾţڲҽɢһצ˺һֻĲӽɱҲһԾ𣬽һֻײϣغͷݺһڣʱ
λʥ伶ʿһʹҡκˣѪ˿ͬʱˡ
ܣ곤߾ֵҶ㣬ѵԪǿߣ
ҶĿ䣬ּħԾ͵ؽ뻢һֻײú˳ȥҲΧ
־ܣ̹׽Ǳҷڤͼ֮£һһڣᶨһֲɷ
û뵽Ȼϸ֣Ȥ
ʱһӰͻȻһзֶǰȴһλʮӡŽ˿ۣһ䵶װζô˫ϽԴ˶ıʯָϬһȥ顣
˻ǰǰλ˵ʥ伶ʱȥжһš
ڤΪµһǿ˿Ҷ㣬ͷû뵽Ǹոսڤʱ֣ǲ֪ݵģ
ǸͷαװõǲЧһָ곤ߣо¶Ҳ¶֮⣬ȴȻͨˡټһҩƣߣ
ԭˡһЦʵ棬Ѿ϶ڽˣ
ΪأҶͥһǵĵӺô󣬾Ȼװҷڤڲϳͣ˻Ϊҷڤ˥ñأ
ʲôˣΪҪǱڤҶ㿪ʵ
޿ɷ档ĿͻȻһ˲䣬һֻ䱳͵Ϊһ壬·һε͸ϡʱһ·𻯳һֻǰ㣬Ҳ˲ƥһͬǰǰ
磬˲ѾҶǰ¶ǵ׺â
֮䣬צһϢиΧգҶץȥ
ҷڤ֮У˷Ҷһһһȭ˳ȥħʱӸ£һצ˹ȥ
ǣʱצһܣȴѾһߣڵһ٣һ˹һצ֮Ӱ֮ƥצһħȥ
ҶתһȭشħһצצӰԷצ֮Ӱײɢһײһֻ
ʣµֻȴͬʱһ½ħڵأצ޿ͬʱħкƬ̼ͽħ˺顣
ҶһһҲѪ
ɣһЦһԾͬʳһ㣬Ҷײ
Ҫ㣡ҶһڲħɳãΪһ壬˲䷢ӳħ֮Ҷ˲
ٷ룬˱ȭħ֮УҶһȭȭħʱԣ׺ȭͷȻڿһħı֮ˡ
ϵʵһһ֮³ȴ˰ģִټһƴצ뱩ȭħȭײʱʧȥƽ˳ȥһˤڵϡ
Ҷ㱾Ҫǰ׷Ҳ˵ãˤ֮䣬ֻܿƴǰˣҶ㡣Ҷֻûعȭӭʮȭֻɢ
ʣµֻȴǽȭħ˺ҧأƬ̼顣
вħ޸ƣҶȴںһСˡų⣬ԭҰ֮Уһħʱкսħ˲仯һ𻨷ڿУƵĺС
ڴʱѾվ˫һֻߣֻһ࣬Ŀ䣬סҶ㡣
ֶΣߣҿˣ㲢Ԫʿʲô˲õķԼʱԪѡߣ֮ֶֻǿһʱ֮صչ³ˣҲûжĻˣҾɱ㣡
һǳХУٴҶ˹ȭ֮䣬͵һȭһҶײ
󻰲Ҫ˵̫硣ҶƽͻȻ̧ǰһơ
ɲǼ䣬һγɣ˲仯˺սħӭ泯³һڻϢϢǰһűըĻ棬Ȼ䣬ǵ΢΢ҡ
ʱսħĻѾҶһȭֱ˲ɢҵΣǰ
ã˾һȫӭȴǱõɳȥˤڵϡ
дž֣͵ظ߾˫ۣʱϵͻȻ·Ҫɶصľǡ
ѩӰڴʱҶһ


50 ʿ
ˤصطȴƥ֮ͣزԶѩӰסˣѾ׼Ҫ֣ʱҶʱһ˲ָԭΣȥ
ǣ˱ڻѩӰͻȻ˹ʱһȴûгֲִٹǿٵһԶ㿪
Ҳһ֮ʣҶȴѾһȭսħȭͷֱӴǱþ޴ϣʱɢһѪˤڵϡ
𶯡Ҷγʯսĵֱָʺ΢΢̧ͷȴֻǺ޺޵ҧ
Ӳ䡣Ҷȴվսʣڳ񶷼ƣ˵ѩӰŵ㣬ռıˣʤɡ
˿Ҷ㣬ֿ˿ѩӰκ̾һҰˡҲᷴһ󡣡
Ҷ˵
ɱҿԣҪҵˡһָЩˡ
ˣλʥʿУƴһѪǾ˷
˵ţ׼ʮͬһ
վסԪ˴һǸǵĶ֣Ӳƴֻ֮ܰǻȥߴҲУ¦ӵͷбȡɣ
ˣǼ˽ؽ
ȵȣҶһ֣˳ʣ˵Ҫȡ¦ǵͷ
˰Ӧ¦ӹԪӦȺҽƹɱˣҼ԰ƹ˲֮гݣղɱұǻҲҪУð
Ҷߵ㿴ҿ㣬һĴ㵡
˰죬ԭǲԪӦˣҶͥü˵Ϊβһʼ˵أˣҲö˰ɡ
ǰҶ㵭һЦٺսħҲջڡ˵ǽƹˣҵ֪ҷڤһڹΪ壬紾ӣֻСЩ
ǱԪӦȴǷĲԭŴӶᡣǵĻ¦ǣΪŰһɱ徫ӢӶԭ㶺һս֮УǺ׵ܵܡŭ֮࣬ҵɱ¦ǣΪ±ǵ˼ѵǲǷڤʿ
ȷǷڤӡҶ˵ڤľӣ¦ǵľӡ
˵ţһ֣ʾ
ǽƹֲҷڤȻǵĵˡҶ˵Ҫɱ¦֮£ʵ˵һȴͬġ
ҲؿҶ㣬Щɻ
ڤڴ¿ɷΪɣһ¦һϵһҳʥһϵһɡҶ˵ȴʥһϵһɡ
ڷڤ֮£֪֮١ҡҡͷȴ֪ڤڵľ㡣ǿ¦ǾǷڤˣڤľȻҪġ
ȷʵʵȨ޷˲֮¡Ҷһ֣Ҷ㣬ʱα߹ؽְ֮γƺ
һȭӳɽΪƹ͢Ӷӳ
ǲʶҶһȭʵǿ½ʶʵҡ
Ҷˡӳɽæҡͷ
һ˵ɡҶ㻺ԱһȥߵҲɱ۵һ
ӳɽԼǱߵ˴˸ƣЩ˱ҲȥסǼ󳵣ȻԽ䱸ţȴƷǰɱڡ
֡Ҷվӳɽ˵ʵҸҶα߹رǵĳش󽫾Ǳ¦ǹԪӦݺ¦ǣҲŽⲻѪ𡣡
Ȼӳɽһ˵ȴǿͬˡ
Ҷͷֻ˶Ҫɱ¦ǣȴǾ޿ܡ
ڰ֮ȴҲˡӳɽ̾һʵ˵ҵѾˡΪƹ͢ӶӳڹҲһĸ֣δڤģֻڱ߹֮һ˰̣ɱ¦ǡ
ҡҡͷ
ֻǲҶѡҶһЦÿ֧Сɲӣʵ˴ǻ¡֣¦һ֣һضȥҪɱǾ޿ܡǰڱ߹һػɱһ¦ǵţʵҲԪȴԶ֮ϡ߹صشɳĸּӣڵ۶ķ֪
ڤȻµһӳɽɸ̾һһʱȫޣĻ䡣
֣Ҫȴܼһʱ֪ӱʮ겻Ը¦ȨһߣͼԶıҶ˵
սԪӦҲ޷սʤɱȴ¦ǵ߶޷ӽӳɽҡͷѵǾֻ𣿡
ȻҶһЦϾҲһȻԾٹ֮սʱԵһƣȴνǿˡ
Ҷʲô˼ӳɽµҶͼȴû˵ơ
ƺѾµˡҶ㿴ӳɽĿ·ֱ͸֮С
Ҷ¦ҲȻҲͼı֮¡ӳɽ۷ŹâҶְеͣʵ²¦ǶԿõҽƹİ
ֹȻǴˡҶЦ֣ȴǿߡԽƹʵԷ֮սΪ֮Ծٹ֮¦һˡһɣôȴ¦ǿľС
ֵÿǡӳɽͷվֻǴһλӳȻҲĸ֮ˣִȴܾϵġҶȷһع̶ƻΣ
áҶ㻺ͷҵֵĺϢ
²˳١ӳɽһ֣ʹӻع
Ĳ£һҪСĽҶ˵λʵǿʥ伶⣬Ƕ̫αװһɨȥ֪ǲͨˡ
⡭ӳɽһΡ֮ǰȴû뵽һ㡪ԭϵĺӣȴֱˬӣҪαװųȴʵΪǡ
ҶһЦΪӳɽ⡣ǻس֮ʱαװʦλαװɹӶǵˣ˾Ͳ¶ˡ
֮ǰôû뵽ӳɽһԴһ֡Ҷǣ
Ҷ΢Ц֣룺ʲôǣЩԭ˼δֱֻ̫ˡ
ҲˣȴȺԭ˺øС
֣ҳһֳҲض˿˰ɣҶЦԡ
ҶֵܣӳɽһЦ˳ƺ
ӣӳɽתԼǱ֣λʥ伶ʿһλ첽
ӳӳɽһȻΪѾй¶Ҳαװ˽֮͢
Ҷֵܣλҵĵ£ĸӡӳɽΪҶܡҴӻȥֵߡʥ伶ĸ֣һһ֮Է֮ϵ
áҶ㻺ͷַŵıʵǲףȷʵǰѺ֡
ӹʩ񡣡ҶӢܣ֮
곤һҶ㶯֣ȻᵽҶֻʱ˫ǵжԹϵ˿̼ӳɽѾҶֵȴ֪Ѿѣ⾡֮ʣµҲ֮ˡ
ҶһЦָߣֻⲻˡ
ֵܣһ㣬شӣձؾȣǣ𣿡ӳɽһ䡣
ǣ֣ãҶٴιʩһ


51 
ӳɽҶּһ˴˽һЩϢ֮󣬱ԹָӳɽԼһȺˣҶٵһα㼴سȥ
ҶߡҶ㽫ܸˣ˶ͷ΢Цӭ
֮û֡ҶͥغЦţ˭˭߲á
û¡ЧȴһĲںҶӵҽ֮ڣصҲ⡣
ӺٺٵЦţҲ֪˵ЩʲôáȻһѿ֮ܵĺӡ
Ҷףӳɽ֮ԼߣضΪ˳Ҳرķġ
ϢϣһѩӰ仯ΣҶϡԼ۾ȴһֱѩӰ̲סͷޣĿг羴
ǿ˵ǽƹĹޣǱȫ徴ޣǵҶ㣬Ȼһݾء
һ·£ڻص֮СҶ㰲ٺˣ˰˴󽫾ꡣ
Ҷֶһλʥ伶ĸ֣־ϲ̲ס
λǽƹǿߡҶ˵ڹڵȨ󣬱˶ӣκˣˡ
ҶҵĴˣұضȫԱӹҶ˵
껺ͷãȴһԱʥ伶ͬȴǴ󽫾֮İ
󽫾˵Цˡӽ𡣡ȻڽƹҲǹݣʱաһ㣬ѲЩ֮£ֻ֮꣬رˡҲƷ񡣡
ƹ紾ӣҷڤãҾҲ⡣껺ͷ
˵ţҶ㣬̲סʣҶôо֮ǰвͬأʵнҽ󣬵ϸӦȴԲһ⡭
Ҷֻ΢ЦеģҲС
˵ţһͷ֣ȥɣЩ󽫾˵
ǣӹһ˳ȥ
˸֣ҶҲ˹ͬʱҲٽԼ浱ҶĶͷ˾ȴȡƽȵ̬ȣҶ뵽鷿֮Уһ
󽫾ʵȥ˶ĳǡҶ˵
ĳǣһǰп˵Ƕĳǿˣɱر壬ѵ
Ҷ㣬ȴ˵ȥ
ġҶһͷ岢ɱġұ뽫ܣָ֤¦ǹԪӦݺҸ֤ȴеһλֽɱˡ
֣üԼô´󲻼򵥡
ҶҲ֮˵һ飬ȴտԨʯ֮£Լ֮£ֻ˵˺ɱ˻¡
ĿɿڴβŻ
ڱ߹Ҳĸ֣ȴʲôü
Ȼв֮ġҶ˵ڱ߹֮أĸ֣ڵ֪¦ҪȾָ֮ʱֻҪһѶţֻЩ˾ͻʱ֣켺ʹֹ¦ǵҰġ
̫ɶˣغһɱ˴ˣ˱ػΪһʹ߹صҡֻϧûܻ壬û֤ˣȴ޷Ͱ⵹¦ǡ
ʵ֤ˣҲѰ⵹Ҷ˵ֻʥֺ֮Щ֤֤֪Ұģ֪ʥϲǲкֵܶѡ
¦ǣɲ°겻ɸ̾־һһͶ£ʵȴִˡ
ܻСҶһЦκһòһϦ֮䳤ġһ죬СҲΪʱ
ֻЦȴδ˵ȥȴѾ˼λ߹ش󽫾ǰˣȴо硣
ȻΪ󽫾ҲҶȣȴƺǲ̫ԶӦ֮ţΪ飬һҵʵӦȫһգұػ˶棬±ػ˶棡
֮Ҷ㽫о겢ְҲἰ£ֻÿڸԻ˴ĸʯҩʱϧ˳ʹáһЩĸֱ֮һǧ
һºСǶʮﵽ˳伶۷壬ʱпһʱͻƽ伶ʵǰͬն
ЧǴﵽ伶۷壬ܵԼʱܽΪʥ֣ϲ쳣
ҶͥҶ֮£ȴ죬Ȼӳ伶伶Ҿ繮̣ʵס
Ŵºϲϱ͢ҶͥΪҶȴֹ
л¦ǡҶ˵У֮ľϢ֪ⷽʵ׳ֻԭ붯ֳңҲҪ̾Ͷˡ
ȫ꼱æͷٲϱ֮¡
ֹ˰£Ҷһڲµʵ˲٣ʱȴп˾ӵ󲻾ã㽫Ҷ뵽˽С
͢ҪԪӦˡһ棬ͿżɽǵҶ㡣
ԪӦҶϸһž΢΢ҡͷ
д˴˴γܱԼ˧·죬ϸ֧ȴǳԱ߹ظȫһ֧ʱ϶ɵľӡ
һЦûȫ׼ҲȱһƵеı鶼ʱģһȴֻӦݳһ㡭
ţȴһ㶣ǣ
껺ͷǵľ֮ϣȴдҪӳս
˼ˡҶЦˡ
˵Ҳ֡˵ҲϲҪһĻᡣ
Ҷҡͷʥϻֵ֣ôϲʱԵĽʽǱǾһ佫飬ȷȷķԣĿȷǰ½еսһ̣󽫾ܿĿΪ𣿡
ȲƽԪӦֲʹ߹سྲҡͷһȴΪ̶̣ᣬ˫֮⣬κá
ս˵ǶһսҶ˵룬һսӦ¦ֵġ
ĻӦûᴫ֪ͨǰɣʡ
Ҷҡͷ¦Ӵһ⽫ͨϢǰҪὫ£ʲô¦ǲŲֹ˽´Ÿ۳Ĵ£ô¿ˡ
ͷǱ¦ǽػţֻͻ˽ͨ⽫й¶ˡ¦ʲô
ΪҸ׶ʮΪβһսҵҶһЦϻָһҪҴսͼǺ𣿡
Ȼ꾪ˡ
ΪβܣҶ˵ͨսʿ˵һսǹҴ£¦˵ȴƤһľ˶սʿ˵⣬ؼֻҪܳͷ֮ͺáıңʧܣȴⲻɣɴıֱ޷֮ȥսϣҲ޷˵ʲôõɱֶΣðײáεĶ֮Уһ¦ԵˡԪӦĿ꣬ЩˣȴγĿꡣ
ĺüͷ壬һΪ˲켺ȻĽʿ壡ɱ
Ҷ䡣
ô죿ü
ĻᣬγҵģҶЦ


52 
˼ǣʡ
ɱУҵҶ˵ȻҲǰĻᡣ
¦ǲôɽġ˵
ôǶһɡҶ˵ǻᷢĳͻӦҲ֮һ⣬սҲͦסͻҷ෴ҾͽԸٶҪסһлᣬ˵ĹҲһˣſиĽ棬ȴ֪²жԿ¦ǵ
뷨ڲͬͷҲˣŻڶ̶һʱﵽڵˮƽɡãģһѡǿսʿȥ۶ԪӦӻ¦ǣ㶼£
л󽫾Ҷ㵭Ц
˵ӾѡǧֱӻҶͳ졣ЩսʿǰսӢѪɳ߳Ҷֻͳ˼죬нֹ⡣
չȥҵҶ㣬ϲ˵ҶʹߴϢˣ
룡Ҷʱ˻СλʹߴУ˫棬ʹ߹ʩ
ҶشѾ֮ʮָȤƹϾǮŵ֧ԮִУӾ϶ԽԶҡʹ˵ҹǿľţǱҴһֻǣԼ㹻ѱʦʹá
ǣҶȤ
ҹķͨͨӽõ֡ӽš绢ǿȳ伶ʿٹֻһ¸Ҷֻɼ֮ġ
áҶͷʹһЦȥлʺá
ǣʹһѱʦڳɽأҪھʹȥ𣿡
ߡҶ㳤𣬽ҶͥͷЧˣӺʹһ˳ǣԭҰϳ۳úɽ
ʹɽ£ĺХ֮֮ɽбͬĺХӦţһֻֻ绢ĻɫǣʮλѱʦĴɽ˳һڵء
λҶʹЩѱʦҶ㣬ѱʦʱʩҶʺá
ҶһͷѩӰǰЩǰ
Щһֻֻ׹֣һǹǿҶӽһֻš
СġǵѱʦЩšǹԼͣȻþѵˣף
˵ţȴȵؽ
ԭҶѾȥǵͷȴ˳صͷ
ǡѱʦȲѡ
ûʲôþȵġЦˡǵĺҶǹȻǵϢֱ治ȻϵáôҶҶ
ǹѱʦǳһ
ѩӰкɡҶһЦ䣬ѩӰʱλָԭΣ˶ѩĳë˹
ʱһֻֻж¶˳ɫһͷХȴɱ֮⣬ȴƳߺꡣ
ѩӰĿ䣬췢ХȺХصɽ֮УХƾˣŵɽҰɢӡ
һȺǣҶ㲻ɷ̾
ȻΪһλѱʦ̾ҶҲڣȴҲòЩˡͨԣȻָȺǡ
ȻõġҶһЦֻƽʱҪǡЩʱܴУҪǴɽء
ƽʱǹɽ֮УϤԡһλѱʦش𣬡ȴʲô
ǱáҶһЦҲǰװࡣ
˵ţȡʮöʯַˣɽ£ɡЩʯ԰ǿһСС⡣
лʮ˾ϲĪܺ׷Ҷ㹪л
Щԭĺ²õҲƴǣǺҵ⡣Ҷ㰵ͷ
ѩӰòɣȻɽͣҶȥʹ˽֮¡ѩӰݺᱼۣŰֻɽɨȴòٴСҰ޵ù˰֮ѩӰȺѾȻһ壬·Сһ𳤴һ㣬λȻؾȺ֮
ӵȺͬһλ伶սʿҶĸǿ
ʹִʹ˻ȥҶ㰲ѱʦɽغú󣬱عСպ󣬴ʱѽҶԼһǧͳǣżءҪ򱱹ضȥ
һ·£պһ򱱹أڹҰʱĴӪ֮мᡣ
ʱ򱱹⣬ѾǱ糱ɼʿսԱ߹ظأһ˶ʮ࣬ҶǧȴΪۣҲ·Ŀ⡣
Ĺϵ˽ۣƺǰԼֱľӢӸɹ˰ɣ
㲻֪ˣ˵ɾ֮ټĲӣʥҲ伫أ겻Ǵ⣬֪ˡ
ۣһ㡣
򱱹֮⣬ããĲԭҰʮ֮⣬ԪӦĵؽ硣ԪӦȺ𣬳ۼһŷڤ߹Ϯ򱱹ص棬Ȼ޷ȴƵʮϰɽֹذǳء
ڤ̫󣬱߾̫ȴ޷ҪסЩ壬ȴʼ޷Ͼ߻
Ҷ뷨Ȼһֽ֮ʵеİ취ֻ¦ǵԪӦᣬȻֿԽ߻İ취ȴᾡһֻ۱һֻۣƾԪӦɧű߾ƣ°߰Ϊū
ˣȴʡ¦Լȴһ£ֺԪӦˡ
ڽһڲι۵Ҷ㣬ʱ¥֮ϣһƬã뵽Щɰ¾ġ
¦ǣΪҶ˽ֻΪ߹գұصɱ㣡
պ֧ٱϣ·˧֮У˧ף˧ڴϯʼ㽫
һ··󽫷׷Ӧ˧븱˧۲ˣ̬ϡ
ʵ˵ҲֻǸ˧һˡ
˴δλԪ˧Ԫеĸ֣൱ʮꡣ˧΢Щ֣Ӳߣ̷룬ǰЦеģʱҲЦԵôϡ˧ϣȴòãӢҼζĿϡ˲ֹ˧ǻһȥô¡
㵽Ҷ֮ʱ˶ͷҶֻбȭĩڣ
Ҷ㰡˧΢ЦͷȻһ˲š˵ȫǾܺá
ϣ´Ҷ㣬ĿΡ
ǰȴѾ֮Ҷ㣬˴ε˧Ǳһɣֱ֮ˣȻϣսȴǸƴ溺ӡ⸱˧ϣȴ¦߹ӭı²Сսȴָֻӡ
ν˲òࡣ
㽫ϣϣʱվĿˣڣ˴жϵش󡣵͢رҪѹȺˣȴ̸ֻλˡ
ԵΪЧڽһͬȭйؿӦ
лҾͲ˵ˡϣ˵Щ죬һ·бסߣԼұȻǵĻнֹߣδ˽ģսϲԸԼ˶ġˣ˴ȴҪзǳ֮£жΪһ壬Ȼ·ɡ
һڽˣһ
Ҷȴü


53 
·ɢط֣ԾҪֽ
Ҷ㲻ɰü
һڽȻɻ󣬵ھнòӣҲҳԡ
գڰϣ֮£ʮ·䣬ÿ֧鶼Ǳʶ֪òʱ以Ϥһʱռǽš
ҶǧҲ֪ɵȴһǧһǧʵǿ߲伶ȴӢ伶һЩȨĸв磬ȫбݡ
İںǣЧʱͲˣµɣǵհȥ
ҶͥҲ쳣ŭǴǧȴһǧбʲôҪǣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǻˣɤӽǼһ˵ļСӡ
ЧͿţȴοΪڽҶ֮ǰ£ᷢȻֻм󣬵ȴٲᷢ߻ħ֢״ȴѾǺһ롣
ûáҶһ֡ȥۣʵֻȥ֣Ȼһ
գӲüɷΪУԵֵϣƽʹյļƲ̫Ҫˡ
ôô죿Ҷͥǵʡ
ԾƶԲӦ䡣Ҷ˵ڸɽлһͷǣǱһλ伶ʿ߻˪ĶʮҲѾǳ伶۷ǿߡǵʵ
֮УһȴʲôҶͥǡ
ֻһǧȻҪȥִй񡣡Ҷ˵ݺ̫֮ԣ˭ҲӦġ
ваɡЧ̾˿˭ھУǻ쵰ȴǵ˾
ҶֻǵȻЦƺȫ·ϡ
˭Ҳǿߡ˵ǾѵɹһǧȻСƼãҲԳΪһ֧СǿĿܣСŸҪ˰ܰǿǻأһ˵ȴǺ¡
Ҷ˻٣⻰ͷһֻӶԽ˵ǿڱСʳһֻʧȥĸչ˵˵ȴǻЩߣֻҪСۣͿԵõǵҳϣΪĿռȴ󡣡
ûҶͷʱֻ»ϣǼһһλ
Ӵеˣ΢΢һЦҪ鷳λҲЩʿҾ
İɣ˷׷Ӧ
һ¡ҶЦݣĿء밲ϣھмԼĶĿʱÿһλԸĽҾ˴ڣǴ󺦡λҼסκһ֮ˡ
ǷأЧʡ
ãʡҶ˵Ҫ佫ͬ鶼ϳ
ˣٴεͷ
ǵУаɡҶ㳤һԼһӪУУһǧʿһʿиаôҲŲ룬ȥһ֧ƾ
Ҷվڸ̨֮ϣ֧ʵµȵĲӣȴû¶ʧı顣ˣڣ˭ˣǴ˱֮ĵģ
һʿûϵ˵ôһ䣬˰κۣȴû˾֡
˭ڴսܻ֮ؼ޶Сž۵ģ֡Ҷ˵
ʱмλپҲ֡
ҶŻȥǲǣҶʡ
ǣ˻ӦòǺ롣
ҶԼ磬ǲǣҶʡ
ǣ˻Ӧ˴ȴͬˡ
벻ڻؼ֮ʱﴧŽͷϴŽҶʡ
룡Σ˻Ӧ룬Ҳ
áҶЦˡ
ں߰ԵͷԷЧ˵ֻʣһɢɳľڿʼƣҶȻǽš
ô󶮣С㶵ʡӺʵĶûʲôõⰡ
ͬһǿ֮ǿ֮ȴͬЧ˵ҶӴ˾ٵĿĲ𣬶ͨ򵥵Щɢʿ㡣̾ǧһˣУжһ
ȺɢĽʿȴļҶͥͷǳ׼ѣܻġ
⼸˽֮ʱҶѾ˵ҶԵȴ׺ԪӦֻƾȴֻ·һǿභΨбñǸǿܻȥҽҹڼӲǱһ֧ǿĲӣʹԪӦҲɱɱͶݶˣ
һڽʿ࿴ţȴ̫ġ
ҶҲһʱת䣬ΪⲻǶڿ¡
ҶӪʿ䣬Щʿһͬһͬͬÿ춼һһ֮ʱʿиҶΪһ˿ȻҲٷܣȴ
Ҷ뽫ʿһùͣصסϢŲãЧ;ͺҶͥ˽һٶ˵ϡ
ץˡҶͥ˵һù󣬾͹ͷԵ뿪һ·Ÿ˧ӪȥҺϷ·ˡ
ǾæҶʩ񡣡ֻҪǱ߿ҵһͬ磬Ҳ֪ԼʲôΪҪץҰ
Ҷ㶢Ǿٵ۾Ŀ˵ӻ
ãǾȴٲҶӣǵͷȥ
ͬ磬ΪҪ͵͵ȥҶʡ
¡Ǿ֧ţȴ֪˵ʲôá
ʵұ㲻򣬲ǾʧһˣֻӱˡҶƽƽȴ˸е־塣
֮͢Ĺ涨ӱˣӱͬǾ٣ͻȻһЦ㵱м˵˰ɣ
ٴ˸£Ҷ㣬ȴԲ˵
ͷǲӲɡЧһȭͷǽڱ졣
Ҷȴһ֣ΪϣΪ¡ˣˡ
˵꣬ǾһЦֻһССĽȴһȨĻԣ˵ҵĵǴСأҼȻǣѵͲɱһССľ𣿡
ǾˡҡȷʵǸԪ˧ˣҪȥԪ˧ӪеĶҲǱΣ뽫
˵ͬҿ㲻Ҷ˵ֻҪʱųȥ˵̹ףͬʱӻذϣʱ߾ͶҪˡ
˵˵Ǿټæͷһ˵֣ҶͥϵãǾеľ١
׽ùʡҶһ֣ЧͺҶͥʱȥˡ
ʱҲ˽ڵϡһǰǾ٣ɫһȴװʶһŵҶ㣺Ҫʲôûκξ棡
Ҷ㿴ҡҡͷˣ˭̹һУұ˭
ΪھУǱ㲻Ҷ֡Ҷҵˣɱ͸һ㣡Чв
˵ȱץסʱ


54 ʯ
һʼƴйһ½ŵɵۡţǾʶ˿϶ѾȫذԼˣʱٸҶһӡǿԿ϶ˡ
ǣһƴҶϴƴ˵һԼ֪Ķ
˽ϣ˴֧жԼˣǼӶнһһΪǲʿ쵼
Ҳ֪ЩٶȴҲˡ
˵ʵûʲô˵ˣֿʼ˵Լ֪Ļڱ֧ͬ
Ҷ˵޻˵ŻͷΪˣǵôͬ顣
˲סؿġ
ҲʳԶʵˣ˵±Ҷ˵ٸҵϣȥͨ籨ţֻҾеңұɱ֮
ңңŵֱ¡
෴Ҷ˵ԸΪãҶԸϣôҿԼһǣʯָճΪĸ֡
ϸɣЧ˵ǳ˰ϣϣ𣿾ܻǵҲֻ·һҶܵʥӵ֮ǣҪɴǸֻƽơ
ǡǣ˼æͷԸ׷Ҷ
Ƿ˵ĶдǩֻѺָӡҶ䲻ɱǣҲ׷ǣʱҶֽͥ
Ȼ֪һд¹״޻ͷĿܣʱҲ˲ֻ࣬ȫдǩֻѺָӡҶ㽫ݹ״΢΢һЦԿɵϣﱨţֻǱ밴˵ϱݹ״ͻڰϣİϣʱǻΣҾͲұ֤ˡ
ǡǣ缦һͷֹ
ҶԸһ˵ϣﱨţֻ˵ҶջѵʿǶԹԣиʹѵҲûʲôɹ
ԶȥЧ˸˳ȥ
û뵽ѶǼ򵥡Ҷ̲ͥס˵ΪҪһȭͷǼͷġ
¦ΪߣҪôӵдҰģҪô̰ͼȨλ󡣡ҶһЦЩСɫȻҰߣô̰ͼȨλߡ˼ԼҶӲֻ֮ҪַʵҪԼвƷȴҪ֡
ǱйΪ¹Ϊ֮ˡҶͥɵͷ
ҲģȴǷ˵ϣҾ˧ǱҲ˼ӡҶ˵ҲǱһɣҵ¦εҪĿ
ûܡЧ͵ͷ
ʱ֮ҶҡͷһЦ֣ǡôˣôô
ȴӦ֮񡣡ӽǳҶ㹪һȻ˵ҶһϢҪ
ҶĿ͸ϲɫ֪ǱǴõϢʣʲôϢ
ȶһ¡ȴͻȻֱþн
ϰͣôˣЧͲЦֲǵһʶҶˣôô
¹ش󡣡ֻĸ־˵Լ⡣
㽲Ҷ֣صͷ
ʿֻƾԼ֮ޡ֮ܶɼӿٶȣɽɱˡ˵
ֱ˵ʯⶫܺò͵ˡЧ̲סЦ
ӵͷźǣʯֻɽҽƹȫǲԭĹȴֻǲ˹ʼղӵɽĹȡһ£ΪѰʯ뽫ҽƹʯףҪҽƹͼ۸񡣡
ʲô˼ЧһѰ󣿡
һͷҰͼ汲̽ʦһڲԭ֮Ѱʯı졣
ѵڸʯҶһ
뽫ȴӦҡӹ°ݡ
ҵȻӦ㣡Ҷصͷ
İϰ͡Ҷͥ˵Ҷӳŵһŵǧ𣬱Ҳġ
ȻŽ͸ɫ˵ҷųڵǶصɽ֮ʱȴһЩۼûŪĻǱɽһʯ
ʯǼ֮ܷ־޴ĿأǲǷһʴƣǵΪʿƽҶŴ£ȴɵϲ
ãȥ̽飡ҶͥͷЧ˵磬֣鷳ǰؾӪʲô˵˾˵
ãİɡͬʱͷ
ҶͰһѩӰϢس˾ӪһƬɽȥ֮һǽɽУǶ֮ء
ѩӰһͷͷﶼ͸׷ѩӰǰʾáѩӰҲϲЩͬ壬ʱָԭΣϷһ
һѱʦʱǰҶļ䣬һСĲҪ˷֣ѩӰӣָɽиȥ
ɽͷһ۵Сɽǰһָɽ֮ǰѾ˴̽һЩۼɽдŰ˵һƬɽΪɽһСɽ֮һۣҾÿС
ǾͰѰˡҶһͷѩӰΪػ
áһͷʱسʱʯ۲죬ʱ̽ʱĳصĲҶо׽ɽһ߶ȥ
֮󣬶ȴԽСɽһɽ֮СԽɽȣӾԽ˷ܣȵһʯѻ֮ͬصɽʱѾų
ûд˷ܵؽţγ嵶ʯһҶȻԣҲȥγһ֡ѩӰú棬Ҳ˹һצȴ˵ĵҪõöࡣ
һæ˴죬ڳһһɶĿӣڿУõһ鿴۵ĺʯͷＤؽҵˣҵˣϺõʯ
ʯҶؿǺʯͷȴӦа
ʯʯûʱ´ĺʯţСĵôأǺʯ¶δĥʯߡ
ȻʯҶҲǰһ˹뷨Ӧȴ⾹ȻƷʼõļʯ
ǼʯǼʯѽ˷ܵؽţʿ˵ıЩʲôʯʲôʯ֮ĶȻǿ󣬵ȴֻ֮мʯԸʿΪǿĸ֣ıﰡ
оģΣҶ侲ʡ
ɽǰкۼɼΪӴ󡣡˵üΪ϶ǿɵ÷ʮ
áҶ΢Цͷ֣ǴһɣЩӦ㣬ҽ֮ÿɳȡһɣ͸ƹƹǱ߱ɿĺңҲ²ߡ
⡭Ӽѣæȭл
֪˭УˣǿЦء
ͻȻ䣬һ͵Ů˲ɫһ䣬ѩӰҲǾһһתͷȥ


55 Ů
¹֮£һӰϣ΢Ʈӡ
һƮƮŮӣעŶˡ
ˣҶ¹Ůӣʡ
ŮòƤ⻬羵΢΢̣һĨЦ⣬ëŨأԵ۾Ϊ֮ʱĿԵЩһλߵʡ
ǲҪɣŮһЦҪǴ˵زǵ˽أҲ˵㡣
ɽˣҶʡ
ȻǡŮҡͷ㷢֮·˿裬ʮֺÿ
ôɽ⸽񣿡Ҷʡ
ҲǡŮҡͷȴЩˡ
ǾˡҶһЦȻˣȻҲɽˣѵȴ
ڼǰѾŮ˵ȴһȴҵġ
ǸˡҶ˵ＸǰͷΪûпھĺۼ
ֽ֮ڸˡŮ˵
ôָںδھ򡣡ҶһƬʯ˸ơ
ŮӿҶ㣬һͲ͹ӹˡ֮ȷֵģұˣǲҵĵҵı
տƾô֤ҶҡͷӲһ֣ܰڳʵ֤֤˴ȷ֣ʱ뿪ٲˡܣôͱǸˡ
ô˵ǿռˣŮЦһ㺮˪
ҲҶ˵Ҫǿռ˵صȴǹ
ǿ磡Ůҡͷ
˭ǿ磬ҲҸΪҶ㵭Цһݴݵκģ²
ŮӾþעͻȻЦˣʵ˵ô࣬档ҽˣô˭ȷ֣ȴҵˡ˵أ
ԼʵţҶʡ
ԼʵҲŰŮ˵Ҳѣҵĵϸ˲Ż򶨣
˵ţȴ΢΢ЦʱֳһƬƬɫԣ·ϵһԡ趯ţһɫ˿µŮ˫ģҲ°ԡ
ʵʥ伶ĸ֡
㳹ġ˵ţͻȻһ֣һʱϣ͵ɢ·Ѿ£ޱߵ硣
һ˲䣬Ҷ㡢ӺѩӰͶһƬ°УȴɽѹǴ
Ǹ֣Ӿһ
㵹Ů΢΢һЦ
ȻǸ֣ұʧˡҶ㻺ԣԭҰȴѾħ֮з˳Ͷ뵽ħ֮СʱսħȫӿŻ棬ߡ
˲䣬սħͻȭȵﱼţµԱƿһѹټ
ŶŮ΢΢һȻԽһԪǽʲôɣ˷һҲ˵־磬ϡ˵ȴá
һЦͻȻָһеԱʱһ¹ƮҶսħ˹ȥ
Ҷ˿Ҵ⣬ȭ䣬սħһ˱ը֮Ȼǰռ赲סƮͷţźƶ˷ӿĻˣƮΧҪ
ǿĻ𾢣Ů̾һָٶƮ鶯裬ȴƿ𾢣סսħӡ
ҿ˭ǿɣնҵ籣ĻɡŮ΢Цȴ飬ƮݺݵսȻڵսħãס
ǿҶо㵣ȴɫھӿ֮䣬սħ͵ȼ˸ǿĻ档
ƿ
Ȼ䣬һȣ˫ȭһҷֿսħҲȫȻ֮£͵ؽƮƣָɡ
Ů΢΢ͷȴ⡣һӼ䣬һƮڿɣȴ߰鶯ȴͻȻͦñֱ͵սħײȥ
Ҫұƴ𣿡ҶĿأһȭ
սħ֮ȭջȴ˲ǲսħ˱仯ȭϵĻ˲۳ȭͷ֮ΣǰȻ
һ֮»ԣһǿ֮⣬ײһʱһ죬ΧʯҲҡ
ӾֵغˡȻǰҶæȴ֮սԼȴȫ岻֣˵ԶһЩʡҶΪ⣬ȴûб֮
ѩӰǲģȥҶ㣬ȴʼҲûᣬȴײನ˲ɷŭ³Х
ըನ֮Уսħ΢΢ˣһԵƮȴû飬ٵǰֱײսħϣ˲佫Ļ𻨹꣬·׷ȥ
Ҷƺһĺ
ٳǿˡŮ΢ЦţȫҵĶ֣̫ˣʲôֲҲ޼¡һʯѣ˵Ҳûʲô˵ģαغᡣ
ҵģҲǿ󡣵ҵģӲȥȴҲûôסҶ㼸֮䣬ɫָ糣·ûܹһ㡣
ŮӲɶݣ΢΢üƣǲĵˡ
ͻȻһ䣬üΪȴƾŭһ㣬ԶԶؿˣͨ·Χ¶ȶ½һ㡣
Ҳ׶Ըͨ֡ҶһЦôҲֻõˡ
󶯣ĺȴƽͬˮ͸ޱȵ侲ԭҰ֮Уսħסը͵̧˿˿ƵĻ㿪ʼۡ
ҶֳսħҲͬĶһֻ޴ıǹпٵ۳ΣɢޱȵýʯͷҲ졣
Ȼ˻𾢣ѵãŮӾУȴǵͷ
ȴǲͣ͵һץסƮȴǲ屬ǹɢľ޴ˣӭҶ㼲֮䣬ƮҶ㹥ȥ
ͬ磬ҶȴսħͶǹһü֮䣬ֻûӶ˫ƣսħסǹǹԴԹ
һʱ䣬Ʈ뱬֮ǹҹнϷը𻨺ɽţȴ·ǻɽ緢ͬʱӲΡ
˫֮䣬Ůʼ̬Ʈз·ֻһ赸ĵߣתŤ裬磬·ӡ
ҶȻȫԵֵסԷƣʵȴǲסˣ֧
ֵģȴûаη壬ǱԷս֮Ȼ䣬͵طһսħ㲻һе̧֣߾Ǳǹ
ô󡣡ŮһЦƮ䣬ֱսħţȻֱӴƣС
Ҷʱ³һѪ
ǣŮӼ״ȴһ
Ҷ㱾ԶܣԱǹֵȴѡӲһƮ˾ǹһ㣬ȴŮӲ㵡
Ʈһ֮䣬ȴҲսħǹͶʱ䣡
ɲǼ䣬һ⼲ɶֱŮţ
һ죬ǹը޴ɢʯɡ


56 
̳֮УڿзĻ潥Ϩ
ҶѾվסڵħԭҰзӾħ󷨿ٵ޸壬Ǽ˽Ȭ
ʱ˾һĻȴˡֻһ̳֮͸УؿһΡ̳ɢŮӵӰȴԭء
ǰһλɫⳤۣҲ͸̫âӣǴ͸Ľˡ
ʶŮޱߵھ֮УȴûȴǼǰҶǰһҪ໤ļơѩӰҲź⣬Ҷߡ
ȻԼΪϹʹԼʱ䷢似벻Ů΢΢ͷֻԪֻѾɱˡ
ϧȴǸ߸ϵƾ֡ҶԳһЦ
ʵһƾĸ֣ôܣС￴ʮߡѣȻﵽƾ
ǿ˼ĸְһǳ֮֮£ĸ֮еҲϣȴǲˣ
ˣȴƬָ̼ŮĿҵҪúһ£
ɲǼ䣬ӣʱ̧̫Ĺâзɳ˲γһԾС磬ҶС
ʲôӲɾ
ѩӰ֣뿪Ҷһ
ͬһҧʹȫʱ޴ߡ
ѩӰҲٴ쳤Х
ȴȫǡŮ΢΢һЦָ䣬˲ͽӺѩӰǸе˳ȥˤԶ
Ҷ㣬ҵҪ㾿жı£ǱŮһܴҵĸѳұ㣡
֮УâûǧΪΪޣΪΪħΪɽӣΪǳУĿΪ֮ѣΪ֮ԣΪ֮ᣬȴҲ˼Ϊ£ֱһµ硣
ƾֵ
ҶܣȫǲҶʴĸԿȴԼԽԽ
޿ɿ
ʹ޿ɿ֮ҲҪһ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ۷ų֮⣬ԭҰеħ֮ڣʱоޱߵħ˲ħսħڿ͵طһ𣬷·ؿһıը쳹ķ
ħ֮צ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷߵսħ̧֣һֱȴͻȻʧʱһֻ޴ġɻɵħצȴͻȻ磬һץ֮£Ȼֱӽץ÷飡
ħ֮צȴҲţɢ١
ҶֻԼ·һ±һ㣬̲סһҡμ¡ƾһȴӲԭվȣıǹһ㣬Ȼ
㾹Ȼҵĸ󣿡ŮӾȵؿҶ㣬һ֣Žӱڡ
ǷңҶһ΢Цʡ
㡭Ůӿһľȣ漴ɫȻһ졣˿šȻ˵˷֮һ伶ʿҵĸȴҲѾ漣
˵ţͻȻһЦȻ֮£ȴǼʤ
һЦ֮䣬ϸֳһƬƬĽ⣬˷·𻯳һ⣬ȻתٿȻȥֻصҲҪˣĿɰɣҲκ˵ġ
Զת֮Ѿʧããҹɫ֮С
Ůô£ԶİӺѩӰʱ˹ȵԶŮʧһĲ⡣
Ϊ֪ҵ֣ҶҷŶ֮ʣȻȴȫɱ⣬ȴʲôʤ˭أ
ҡͷȴ벻Ȼ
ˣ˼棬ǻǿ춯ȿһЩʯȥðɡҶһ֣˵ʲôʱͻЩʯú߾ս;
ǣһͷֻǽ塭
ûйϵҶΣĿѾָ峺
ػǿڣһھһ߹۲죬ȷⲢʯԴͷǰѰңɽȸȷһص㡣һھֻ˼Ϳֺɫʯͷûȴȫʯ
ȴ˷ǿԴͷΪʯ̫ǿԲŻϲγ˺ĺʯǣЩʯȴûаʯǿԴڣ
ڣҶһ֣Ȼæ
ھȴȷŸΪѣֻȫǺʯӲޱȡ˶ʯսѩӰצֻͣԾ򿪡
ɫҲ㱻ڿһɶĴ󶴣Ӳ˷ܵؽԶһȻļʯҶ㽫ǼʯУֻЧԶʤԼӻЩ
ЩǼƷʯ˷ܵ˵ʯԿһǧرر
ҶһͷҲʱտԨʯĿռ䡣
ڶپڶ٣װΪֹ
һæξͼ򵥵öˡһδĥӹԭʯտԨʯռ֮УؽǴһĿռװ
ʱɫüǺڰȴѾ
ɡҶ˵ռѾװЩȥֻҪӪ˷֡
ãس˿ӣҶ㡢ѩӰһúʯϣٸڸǺã뿪˴˵ءѩӰɽмۣǰϻ˴ӪУ֪ػعԼӪڡ
صӪУҶͥͷЧͣСʱӭȴһֱˣû˯Ҷ㽫տԨʯռ򿪣˿Щʯԭʯ֮󣬶ȵúϲ£졣
ƷôãҶͥؽּʯĻһǧ
㿴˵ûɣӳҶЦ
𣬱ЩʯѵӡҶ˵֮ʱԼʯΪϰ֮ʱС
ΪɶʱУС񲻽ʡ
ɵѾͷҶͥЦˣвΪоÿΪս֮ʱǧһˣ񽫾ֱһָӶɢҡͬʱҲĥ־ĴûᡣԽǼ֮£Խǿˣʦ
ԭˡСƶǶװŶ
Ҷһͬ˼ƻѵֻΪ˷ֹ˵֪ʱȴ׼ʿźȡʱʿǼϰߣ֮ȴϰΪ
ˣȴһ֧ĬĿ¾
ŵǵĲһᾪʧ
Ϊǿľӣ׺񱩣ȴǶóĬʱȺڳ֮вһֻ˻ɱ֮ʱ춯
ʱҴҶһ֧ɢҵľӣҶĲ֮£ڼʯĸ֮£ȴת䡣
Ȼ֮ʦԶȴҲѾȫϵսˡ
ּ󣬳֧ΣƺƵŹ޹صĲԭҰȥ
٣˴δ򱱹оôãȴǿɰ
Ҷһ·һ߰š
ͺڵʲô
ʲô
ѵǵԪӦǱߵͬʲô׼
뵽в¶â
¦ǣѵԪӦȹ󣬴˴רΪЩԪӦȦˣ㲻һɵˡ
ϣΪŰҡڤְλ£ȴҲؽն£


57 ԪӦ
ͦȴڸ·жѲһ㡣һǵжУȴҲֵˡ
Ҷ֪˴γ壬Ҳԣֻо֮ʱԼӽʿǽżʯ֮ʹսʿǵˮƽսߡ
ܹȴҲüǵλڽľҲ֪ǵܡ
ǶŴУɽִɽǱʱԶԶں󷽣ڳݵش
˰£ŵ˴˴εĿĵءӪ˧ټȫ˧֮У
ڽ֪ԭ˴ľǲԪӦ½ڱ߾شһΪţ򡣴ģ󣬵ȴرԪӦÿÿڤ߽磬ĲūҲȴڴ֮УȴǱ߾һ󻼡
սƵ򣡡ûж˵ʲôϣȴǿ˵ţ֮߹ٿһսңɰҵһսҪλŽһģܴ˽ģ౨͢˧ն࣡
Ŀɨˣ䣺ԸλҪʲô֮ģҪΪԼڳʲǫ̂͸Ҳ˧
Ψ˧ǴӣʱһȺͬػӦȴȫǰϣĲ¡
١ʱҵῪڣ΢Цţ̬ȺǺͰѾ̫ʱ䣬ڼȻѾ㲻Ҫٵˡ
˧ϣȴԴĻԲӡǱ٣Ҫ׼Ҫ㡣ʦԶ˵أ̾ͳУȴƣ֮ʦ֮ʦɰ
ǡ컹Ҫԣϣȴһ֣˧һգ˵ɡ
˧˼ʱһȺ챧ȭȴְ֧ϣ˵
⡭ðɡ˰ѺҲֻõͷͬ⡣
Ҷȴǰü
о˵ԸʵʺϳΪȨԪ˧ֻʺϵĽΪսߣִУһɣҪɱУҲһѺ֣ȴ̫ûоҲó
¦ѡ¿صҲһ㡣˾ǿƵİϣȫվӶǸ˧ȴ˧֮ȴֲóеΡ
ʱ㲻սȥҲҪܵƲãҲ͵¦һĽ
֮
ǣӪϢһգڶղʵʼж
ҶֻÿЦγọ̈̄ؽһ㡣
һ··½쵽񣬶ҶʱϣִĻҶ½Ľǳǲ㵽ҪսԲŻֻɸһǧ˲ִһθһľ飬ҲܱΣա
˧Ҷǿ֣ʱϣɫ
кλҪϣʡ
ĩǳȴԸ֮󡣡Ҷݶ𡣡Ըرصأ޴ǣ
㲻˧δϣһҶһǧţ֮أضţϵ֧ԮǷһ֧ұΨʣ£
ҶһЦ¡
ţ򲢷ǹڴʮ⣬ȴжСศս֮ʱʱ֧ԮΪ֮ơսҪضϵ;ԴҶҲ޷ԡ
ʱ쵽
Ҷ˾ʱصԼӪУһǧ߶ȥ
ϣһô񣬿²ᰲİɣо֮ʣҶ̲ͥסʡ
ȻҶһͷһ羰֣ʱ
磬Ҫʲôʡ
׼ãһ·ϸؿΧʲôɵĻһҪʱ֪ͨҡ֪𣿡ҶЦ˵
ģһãͷʱ˳ϸ̽Χÿһ䡣
߹һƬԭ֮ȴһϿ֮ǰϿԪӦĵϼΪټҶͥ˲üҲڴ˵ذɣ
ǽǵɱȷʵڴ˵ءҶͷ¦ǲΪ޴ɣСΪϸ졣
ǣ磡˷ܵؽţ۶գһЩҰ֮⣬ȴʲôҲû֡
ǶӺڣҶתͷʰӡ
ӻعͷзưȥԶ֮󣬺ԶҲƽ
Լڶﴦӻش
ҪǸٽһЩҪһҶԸ
ǣʱٷ뷽ȳ̼вͬ
ѩӰӾ衣ҶһǰһѩӰĲͬʱҲԼĸйȫޣϸظӦΧķ紵ݶ
ˣһϿȣȴδԪӦˣ͵ҰҲûһֻ
Էܶñ֮Ҷ㲻һЦҶ̸ͥ˴ϿȻڷ̫ҪֻҪгʶĽ춼Сģ̽·̽飬ȴмơһ㽫Ȼյض޷ǰݳƽԭ֮У㲻ɾ衣Ӧþǰԭ֮С
Ǻױ֣Ҷͥʡ
ȻӴԭϵĲݿɲǷڤЩƽԭϵĲݡԭĲʢøïʢȴشҪ֪Ⱥ֮ʱҲǱڲУԭӶѧϰвƵս
ֲôǰҹδз˵ʱҲԪӦжҶͥ̾ҷڤ˲ϰ߲ԭΣ׽мзԳ͢ҲԸΪЩ˷Ѿȴǿ˱߹ذա
зޱ߲ԭҲ·˵ڤԪӦĻҽƹһͬ˾ʶòԭ֮·ˡ
һ죬ҪͷǡҶһЦ
̸ͷЦһ죬ȴҽƹü֮ʱ֮Ҳãôáͷ֣
һǰȥԶϿȣԽԽӽĿĵءЧͲüôԷķѲûз
ȴǶԷ֮Ҷ˵˽֮ˣ˴ԲǾ֮ҲҪиˣʱԷȴֻ¡
˵ţͻȻ磬磡쿴ѽһ߽һߴͶһƬԶľֻԶĳ֮УȴһŲɫװʿֳֵǹš
Щò׺곤صİֳϼ¡һԪӦˡ
Ȼ繫ϣЧͲһЩԪӦ
Ҷ侲ع۲Ͷľ΢΢ͷпԷҲǧˡ˴ԸһǧˣʤˡֻϧҾǵ¡
˵꣬תӣɫأӣ
ڣЩҲڽʿһҶʱ֪ҪʱֱͦӦ
ǰ󷽣ǶƵǰϳԷ·Ϊšǰ֮Եк𹥻
ǣӦһʱź󷽼ȥ
ҶͥЧͣ
ڣһͦӦ
зǱѰƲ֮ʣȴʲô֮飬ֵ֮壬ֱֻᶨ˭ҲҴ֮ġ
ǴŰƵڲвᶯȵо󷽴֮ʣٳɱسɣ
ǣ
ʱ˱ųڻȥ
С񣡡
ڣ
˸սʣһнÿ˽ԾپУϳԳ֮ԻонɼȵоΪɣɢ֮ʱгɱ
ǣ
תۼ䣬ʣµһҲŮȥҶ߾ֻʣ˪ʮ
ѩӰ
ߣһȣϷȥ


58 Ƶ
ѩӰʱѾָΣӸҶߣųݵڻǰȥ
Ҷһߣ˪ʮɢڶΧһǱһ߾ع۲Χ
֮һѾӽԪӦ֮ء
Ҷʾ˷ڲأԼ̽뻳ȡ˻䡣
һۣһ䣬ʵоսʱǰߣʱԷԶо򣬶˺ߣɭֺͲԭ֮սֱ
ԪӦˣǵùɡҶԶǱɱ
ǲɧҷڤ߾°Ӱգ֪жټͥ𣬶ҸǶһССıӦɡ
ǣҾа֮ģ
Ǳţκ·𻯳ʯͷ֮Զһƣȴ֪ӺǶѾλˡ
ɲǼ䣬㽫ǽָϣǰ˲䣬һԻзɳڿ۳һ̽
ҪԸǧ˵Ĵһ𻹲
Ҷ֮䣬ԭҰħ֮ڴ¡¡ħ֮ħ֮С˲䣬սħٰգȫ֮ݺᣬҶȫ
ǾĻħҶָ֮¹ӿ˻֮Уǽָʱɢޱߵӿ۳ʮ̽
⻹࣡
ҶĿԶ䣬еĻ̽ڿնŸ߿շȥŻǰȥת֮ǰһĳ֮С
潣һݴԣʱըķմֻĲݣǸʪʱȼ·һţ˲ճԭ֮ơ
𣬻𣡡
ʱЩ׺ԪӦһţֵĽƴϵĴϵĻ棬ǿķ֮ͬ棿ȴ֮
˾͵طɲûѹϵĻȴĲݵȼ
𣡡ԪӦĺ󷽣ڲеİӿǱߴܶʱվһưĳХ
Ƕӣɱָǰʱеѱʦһ𷢳ǰХͷǶʱź⣬ǰԪӦ֮ȥ
ʱԪӦķѾҳһšȼһеĻţٲڲУԾ˳ʵǿ߿ͬһ㣬ѷУҪĴ򣬲ҪⲻǷֻѹƣ
еĸ侲ȫѹƻ棬ȴմȾĻ潥Ϩ𡣸ǿ߷֮ɨΧݣȴϵĻҲϨˡ
ʱһֻȴ˹ݺײԪӦ󷽣
һǣһٳ伶սʿ乥֮ǿ֮׺ȴӳԽ˳伶սʿ˲䣬˱Ķ֮УתۼҧոӳħצԪӦӡ
ȺԪӦǴţһ߶Ż棬һ߻ӶǷ֮ź󷽳ͼס׺Ⱥ
ǣԪӦĶξͷ˱仯һǰɱȥѰͷųĵˣһֲ󷽶ӭȺ
Ƕֵʱˣʱڲݴ֮УҶͥ뷽Чͳ𣬰γʯսŭ𣬴žŰٽʿŶԷɱȥ
ˣǵˣԪӦš
ôеˣԪӦҲš
⧲£ԪӦĶһ±Ľʿǳضϣȴ뱻ֳɡ
Ҹһӣֱǰ֧оҶͥϣ巽Чͺš
ãЧһͷԼһźɱȥҶͥһǰɱȥҪǰŻҶϡ
еϮԪӦڱöɢ֮ʣһ
ˣԪӦѾҵòӣСӶһٽʿǰɱȥ
Ҳ֣ҶʱԲ˳Ůİ˶ӻһԪӦǰӳɱȥ
ϧ֮ͻɽ˿ɵֱԪӦȥ
ǱҶ㣡һУһͷԪӦ󽫻Ӷһֻ˹˲һ͸ľ޴·һһ㡣һԾ𣬸߾Ҷȥ
ɱҶһȴȻԪǿߵԪӦ쵥ӿ䣬սħߣ̧۳ǿıǹ͵ڿеǽȥ
ƣԪӦ۴ݺݵ˱ǹ෢𣬸߾ȭͷںһ壬»䡣
ͬʱֳָλشһȥ
ʱȴҲˣ˫ƣʱ˾޴ĻͷſԪӦҧȥ
ʮ˪ͬʱγʯսٵǰȥ
дȻ죬ǹײһʱըǾ޴ԪӦշͬʱ顣
ʱǾ޴ĻͷѾҧ˹ԪӦ챾Ҳʵǿڴ֮ʣܷӶǻͷ飬ԼȴҲײˤ档
ʮ˪Ĭȴƶ磬˲ͳ嵽ˤ֮˷𣬻ӵſеնȥ
ԪӦ˫۳죬ŭ𣺡ᱻǼɱ͵ƴɨȥ
ȴͬʱЦһڿлƶһԣȴǽ˸ա
ʱԾʯս⻡ɨԪӦ塣
ӲġԪӦŭˤ˵ϣδʮʯֵѾݺݵش˹׶Ͼ
ľһߵĴһֳֵָԪӦ켲һֵݣȴһλԪ֡
ȻλԪԸңǿҡҶЦһǰȴ뻳Уóһֻƿеһöɫҩ˿С
ʱΪʹ˱ǹľ޴ħ㱻²
̷ҩ裬ȴǵԻµտԨʯĲƳɵĲҩڵ֪ҪԪӦ֮ʱѾЩõҩƳҩ裬Ասʱ֮衣
ʹ֮¼Ǿͨҩ֮Ҳĵãλ߻ħĹȴֻΪҶṩ˰
ħ꣬Ҷַųâʱٶսħʱٴ̧۳һ֧ǹ͵Ὣ
ǹǹ磬һֱѾὫǰǽһȴҲֻܻӵȫֵȻ֮УǹըɢǽҲҡΣ³һѪ
ɱˣһϣһƴ
Ӱ˲շ˶Ὣҧȥ
ҲǿһҧȻӵǰһֱ룬ɢڿС
ʱʮ˪ȴѾֵΧסɱæӦһȴǻ·硣
ʱҶһöҩ裬ȭɱ˹սħĻһƽһὫȥὫҧֵ˻Ƶ˻ǵĸֵʱձҶսħһƻţҽŷɳˤڵϡ
Ƭ֮䣬㱻ǲճ˻ҡ
ɱҶк䣬ǰɱȥ


59 Ԯ
ʧȥλԪֵԪӦҶһǿߴǧ˶ӹ֮£ʱɾһЩǿԪӦŭ翹ȴЧ͡Ҷͥӵ˺ѩӰɱʬҰЩԪӦڿ־бӣȴһ˿ùǵıС
ڣǹҫһսȴԪӦȫա
߷˷ЩԪӦҲ󲻵¡
һǧ֮ڣɱǿԪӦǧˣҶµЩǲɶ˷ǵһᵽսռݾȫߵϲãһжš֮ǰҶļѵȴһԹԡ
֮ǰиѵߣҲӿ˽ҪǿѵŬľġ
Ǽԭǰϣµľ٣Ҳ̲סڼó羴Ҷ㡣ͻȻΪһˣֻиĽ죬սĹѫҫ
ôǰʡ
Ҳ˹Ҷ㡣
ʿԻɱĿȡףսɵзסƥҶн䣬ԱӪ֮󱨹ͣ
ǣڽʿͬһ˷ܵĹâЩʬ塣
ʷƾķննԽ࣬ԽÿѰʿܽͣԿϽĵ֮һʱ󽫽УСģսʤȡ׼Խ˵ССʧһͨսʿ˵ȴʧ޴
ҶʱոףȻϲѡ
ȻأҶͥʡ
򣡡Ҷᶨ˵Ҿֱӽ
ˡҶͥһͷ
ʱʿѾսϣʧƥ⣬ȴ˽ǧսײÿսʿ䣬ٶһԪӦ˵ͷ
磬˰ǧѪͷսʿЩӡ
£ǲһѹѡҶͷ
һսʿɱһ㰡Сɸ̾
ҾҪЧҪǸȡ䡣Ҷ˵ЩԪӦһŵ˿ӱá
˲ɶЦ
о̣ҪľѪ顣ˣеԼľɱڣʹŷӣ޶ȱԼˣȴǶԵ˲̣Լ˵ʴȡ
֮ҶһʮСӿף˽ɻսȥ֮ǰѵ֮УҶѵʿǵȻЩǴʱԪӦ˵ս۳ҷɱ
ȻһܴªҶ㲢սƶٶȱѾ㹻ˡ
һ·ۣԽԭһǰǱ
νġ򡱣ʵҲǸԭʼһɵĴӪģǧҲûդ赲ֻǵԪӦеεǰӷɱΪԼˣȿԪӦʿȴǷڤʱһʧ룬СŴæ׼ڤѾɱǰ
ߣȻҶһǡǻӵǰնɱͬݣһɨҶһʱЩӭԪӦն¡
ţе񶼰Χһȴֻ׽ʮż׵ԪӦ
ѺҶһһָһԪӦʱ˪˹ȥһȭθֹķҶǰ
ǵÿٿˣнǧӦǧϵĴӪ˵ʣµ˶ȥҶʡ
֪ԪӦ˹ͷӲ
ɱˣҶһ£һ˪ʱסԴֻһšš˵Ĳӣ͸֣ڵϺ﷢Ƭ̺ˡ
ѺһҶٺһһԪӦѺ
ǵ˶ȥҶʡ
Ҳ֪ԪӦĴԥҪǿӲȴҪйȴֲҡ
ɱˣҶԥ
һ¡ԪӦŵôһ˪˵꣬ѾšĲӡ
ѺһҶһԪӦѺ˹
ԪӦǰ˲˵ҶʱԼ˵֪Ӫȥ˵ȫ˵
Ҷ䡣
ǧλ£ȴڤľˡæ˵Լһ㣬⵽ڶɱͬˡǧˣһλĴ£򱱶ȥɱһ֧ڤĶˡ
֪Ҿо·ߣҶʡ
ֻС֪ԪӦæҡͷֻͷ¶ѡ
ս½Ҿ޷Я̫²ɱҶԵϣԣʱ²ʮԪӦҲɱˡ
˵㡭йԪӦˣſڴС
ЩŴηұ߹أɱҰյǿʲô壡ҶߡңҷҲû˵˱㲻ɱ
δ䣬һ˪Ѿһ˽
ȫ򱱽ҶеоѾǰȥɱҾһ飬ǰȥԮ
ǣʿǸߺҶԱţķȥ
һ·֮ܳ۱㷢ǰһսսʬҰǧԪӦΧһԲȦʮԪӦ٣ϵǰһλڤĽ졣
ǽһ伶ĽȫԡѪѾɱúۣŲϳԷͼһЩԪӦȴЦϷŪ棬һüɫģǵ⡣
ֵǿҶһеľͶ䵽֮УԼĲǹۿ
Щ޳ܵԪӦȻϷŪҾ죬õΣʵ
ɱһھͬ
Щ˸Ҷ㣬ˡʤ̣Ѿɱԣӯʱڤ˱裬һޱߵŭ
Ψ߷֪ŭɴǰȺ˼ǧԪӦϷŪһλڤֻ뵽ҺǲҡʱЩսʿȴʤиӦԼǿᵽǿߵϣȴҲ˲˼̤ϵ
ãǰȥٽɱƬײҶţһȡ
ɱ
УǧɳۣǴսȥʱѾս֮ϣսеԪӦǻعͷʱһȺԪӦսɱɻһ֮ΧսʿŴԣϵĶǷڤ
ôзڤɱ˴š
׼ӦսԪӦٴ𣬡ЩЩڤӣڲԭǵĶ֣ɱˣɱˣ
ɱˣУһӶԪӦЦתͷսҶľӳ˹
һǰЩЦԪӦȴɵֻۡǰ֧֮У䶼ѪܵͷͷϵװΣȴԪӦսʿĴͷ­
Щɱһ㣬Ĺ⣬һ𣬻ս̤籼װУðһȺɱ˹
һʱ䣬޲ǵֻôһ֮䣬ѾȺɱǰ
ʱѪĽͷ­ɣ


60 
ҶĲǣԪӦףԡѪ·ӿɱһ㣬Ҫ˵佻սԶԶľսЩԪӦȻǿէһһȺɱҲľ
ҶһھӢ£ȴһѷļ⵶Ҷ˻˺ѵ֮󣬱ݺиһʱ佫ҳһš
ԪӦ˿ԵסҶһǿߣֻڲҽ촦
һɱ֮ԪӦѾɾݲ֯ķҲ˲䱻Ҷ飬ȫҳһţκսԡ
Ҫңо֮УΪ׽ţͼذܾ֣ҶŻָεѩӰԾ𣬴һ䵽ǰսħĻ֮ѾӡϣúɶȫУճһŽڡ
֧ģͨķڤӣ֪вûҶԴȴֻһλ伶Ľʱ⽫ΪҶɱָھԪӦİȴѾʵ
λΧϷˣķڤΪԼɣȴɱҶһ֧ϲ֮࣬ҲȫɱˣҶߡ
ͽģѩӰǰҶһȭԭҶлҶǰȣ
ɱ˵ҶȡҩƿóһöĲҩǽǽҲʶæҩ£ʱȴѾָһͷ˵лתɱо
˵ҶӵܴﵽԪǿ򣬵Ͱλʥ伶ǿߴ죬ǧ˴׻ǧԪӦټҶͥЧͣС˪ʮȺڣǧ˾Ӹ޵С
֪䣬սѾӽβһֵС֮ԪӦԱɱնǧš
λγƺҶѩӰλȵĽǰ
λʮ꣬Ӳ۾Сȴо񣬷ɱ֮߸ֳһֻѩױӵĻӰȴ޵ϵ籪鶯Ҷʣʱرһ񣺡ε۶걸ְ֮˴αΪɣҶȣμģ
ˡҶ㵹ЩԾΪ۶رŵ۶ȴôҲǰˣ
ǻһͷģŽǰߡʲôɢİϷΪǵȻսϺǡ⵹ûʲôɷһ첻Ϊ˱ֻҳ񣬲Ŀĵر㱻бڼ飡
ȷڼ顣Ҷ㻺ͷҷ;Ҳ˷
ҿˡһȺʿ¶Ľ֮ɫһȺ֮ʦֻǧˣȴԵ֮áСδǽƹǰɣ
ҶͷһƥΪƹˡԳǣȴҽѡһȺǱҵġ
ǡָָӺʥ伶ʿɣ
Ҷͷҵѡ
й֮ɫŨҶʵز¶˵ЩʿЩˣ˾ȡҿҶԪȴôֻһθССְ֮
֮ʾˡҶһЦӢۣҲǰչ¶ʵҪ֪Ҹ˳ء
Ҷ֪ҾڼǺˣĿ˸
Ҷ˵
ȻˣݺҧھаϣҪɢʱҾģһսֱͬϷһ㣬ȴĿġȥܾǻҪ켺û뵽ȴģҶ
˵ţͻȻһȭһҶ㼱æ𣺡лΪΣ
¦ǴԪӦ֮켺ʵɥ޺˵ľвǱһɣҲвɡʵ˵ұɡ
ȴǱɡҶһЦ
֪һͷҶ֮һټģıɣȻ˽֪֮ʵ˵δͶʥһɵԭȴǶʥϵųۣ̫ʧˡ
˵ˡҶһ֡
ҡͷԱˣԲҺʥϣҶҾˣûʲôܶ˵ġҶĳˣҪʲôұʲôһΣֻҶͬϣҲȥԮ¦ԪӦߣ
ԴҶ㲢ûж˵ʲôֻޱ֣ص˵֡
ã鼤
ɣʱҶͥǣһƥսݵСҲ
նף䣬ȥĹͣҶһһǧʿķ
ʱһֱĲԭ֮ϡͬһ磬ι֮ԪӦսʿʬݳ֮ϣʧȥͷ­
һ·ǰųս֮ʱ˧µĸ·о·Ѱ˹ȥһ·ҶսնɱǧԪӦλǧڤʿһ·ţķȥ
ڴʱһԶ۶˽ǰһµס˵ȥ·Ҷһ֣ӱʱͣǰȥֻȴǷڤľӡ
һǧ֮ڣһսޱȣȻǾӢ顣һԱཡ׳Ĵ󽫣к䣬Ҷʱһ£漴ҧݣǰ
վסһ
ʲôˣҶʵ
Ԫ˧¸ԽǴ󽫺Ҷ㣬Ԫ˧Ҫضţϵȴôرλ˽ԴսҪӱ𣿡
㳤ԴɣŭһûҾսʿԪӦףһ·նɱԪӦӶΪԮ·죬ɱߣ
󵨣ԽȻоԼǴ󽫾ݣȴ⽫ʲôԮ·죬ҿ̰УҾƣţɱͷҶ㣬ܸһصСֻҪĻڹұ֤˧ǲ
ǻڹ޳ܵһ·Ԯͬ޹ȴйˣʲô
úϻˡҶ㵭һЦ㻹ǰϣԪӦˣɨսΪǲġԴǣֻҪ˵һ־ˡ
ɱҶ˵ߵİѾ
Ҷкһ
Ҷ㣬췴ԽŭһʱһߴľǾ㣬·ɽҰʵȴһ
ýʰɣЦһɱǰ
УսپҶ
ǣӦһͻȻϷ𣬿ͻȻ˾޴񣬰ֱԽ˹ȥ
ĦʥߣɽȭԽһ͵ػȭǾʱһȭſеİӴȥ
ٶȣЦЦһһšצǾıһȴǽıصλã䵽Խһ࣬ſڷˣԽʺҧȥ


61 
ڤ۶֮Уͷε£а׸衣
һɺƽľ
ϣǰƮ䣬Ѳյڷ羰ȴ续С
־һڲ㣬ۿǰˣЦݰꡣ
ֻԸ˿һڣʫš
Цˡ
ˡ֣ĺʺ־ǰŮӡĸ̬ׯ˳١һ˫У¶һŮԵ֮⣬֮ܰѳסʥˣˡ
־Ķˣ֣סյ֮֡
ҡ˵
һָֻ̧ᰴĴϡ
ȴǴʱŮ΢Цţȴƿ־֡
ǣ裬֮С
˵£ˣŮʡ
־һΪҳ谮ԲԼδİ£ȴǲ֪ԼмＸˣֵʲô
أŮЦʡ
˭ҶһָҪҲؽң־ֳɱ⣬͵һ󺮷硣
ǱáŮЦü𡣡ȴһ˲õķôҶУǲװɡܷ֮ˮȫ֮˵ȴʵˡ
Ǹá־Цˡ񲻹ֻԪЧ˵ȴʲôңСѳɴҪ׷Ѱǳʥ֮ȻΪҽΪ谮ʵֶ˵ʵС
͸ĹâԽԽº֣ͬʱĵ
ʧȥĵԽ࣬ĵλԽߡŮ˵Ҷ˵һֻСϣҪֻ
һգԸҶ㡣־˵˵ǾҶֵˡ
ǴˡŮ΢Цš
ڣⰻȻ⣬Ƶᡣ
Զǧ֮ıزԭϣȴǿϯѪմȾҶ
ӵо֮ĴԽѾѪ֮УߵѾ˺÷飬һƮɢ
ܣס˰ӡϵеļ֮һϵôֿܻƥеľ
޴ļһЦˡ֮ǰû߹㻳͸Ҷ౦оͰⶫ𣿡˵ţȡϵһöʯ
ʯԽؿǿʯ͸ɻɫ
үôҶ㣿үҪү
ͷʹֹΪѾԶȥ
ЩԩΪƾʵֻۣڰӣҪȵ˽ϰ֮ܽ
֮ô챻ӸɵΪϲӵȻӵһȻڹؼʱײǣھ֮¶ȴӵо֮ȴʤٶ뼼ɵҧ˲ӣ˺
úܲġ
ǵսڸս롣
ǽֵͬʱԽǧҲ֣ߺźųҶߵǧʿ
ߵĽʿ֪룬Ҷһȴ˹ͬǷڤһͬΪȴҪɱãصظ氲ϣԪӦẦҷڤʿҲֻýն£
ԣҪɱǣҲ
ɱŭУһڽʿҶĴ˶ԷġԼˡ
һʱ䣬Ѫȷһ׳ԡѪ£ѪȾɫĲҶһƬ̲ݵأ˷·𻨺ʺ졣
ԽʱţһնԽ׼߾ٿСٸ翹ͬһ³
Х֮Уһͷѻ˾֮Уƥ䴩šЩսһǣѾŵù㲻ǰʿָӣһЩ˻ӿʱԽĶҳһš
ҶȸƱ֮׶㣬ŴʧȥľзɱһԡѪء
֮УЩ˶ڵļһȴٲ֯ķǸԹԶɢȥ
ӵи̵ףõսĵȴԼһɱöףǱӡ
𣿡Ҷ˵ţֱʵǿֱ࣬װǸãֻҪŽһģǰǾֻǵսǰɪɪ·ӣʿǣҳ壬ЩͽԪӦõеͬ۾ȳ
ɱʿ
ٴθҶ㶯Ƭ֮Ѿһս
ˣҶڱһ·ɱţȴ־֧飬߸ĽʿȴѾﵽ֮ڡ
ǿߴ죬ټЩԡѪսϹԪӦ׼׺սʿ¼Ҳһ񣬻赶ǹŭȥе⣬һŻɱԪӦˣЩɱ֮
Ҷ㿴ǰ棬ʵȴһֱҪסۣʱ̷ǰеоݡһ·£һֱţ
ͬţȷʵһƬżӲʯɵĳǽм¥ţΧľ׮ڳ˾󡣹ģװ¶ʮľӡ
ʱ͸ۣҶȴŭһĻֻ򾫱ţ򶫲ԡѪսһصԪӦΧסͬǵصĳˮʮ
սԶϣȴȵؾսʮһҲûǰԮ˼
ӣҶ㲻ŭһȻ뽫˧ѪʿԪӦ֣֮ĵ
治ǸЧͲ
ɱҶͥһ޳֮ͽδ棬ڣ
ɱҪɱҲ
ַŭŴ֮еĽʿ뵽֮ǰԼܵԪӦɶۣһҧгݡ
ô£ʱϣҲע⵽Զһ֧飬΢΢üȥʱΪԽĶ飬ǶԽԽȴȫԡ
Խȥǧˣ֧Ĺģ֮ڡֹţʲôˣѵԽʲô֣
һʱɳһǰȥ̽顣һǧˣΪ׽ɱӭҶĶ飬δ𣺡֧飿
Ķ飡Ҷ㷢һǽһΣЩ
˧֮УΪβԮҶԷȥߴʡ
󵨣ǽ˧ڣҪöԷ˧ֱ֮ӻţʹԷʧȥвսܣ
ƨҶͥţǷ˧أ뺦ۣͬ
ţҶȵһжѪԣǷڤ˵ģ͸һȥɱԪӦˣȳҷڤֵͬܣǰϣ°ģɱң
˵ţһѩӰѩӰʱǰʹܶ˲Ǵӽǰǽ컺ҶѾһƻȥʱħצӰǽ˴ն飡
ɱˣͬʱ
ǧ֮ӣʱŵɢһ˸赲֧Ũɱ


62 ս˫
Ҷ£һ֧ԵĶ飬һеǰֱۣ赲סȥ·İϣɱȥ
ԷȻʮˣȴδеη塪ҶָǰѾηΪ
ˣˣϣһĻɴ־£Ѿ˴ɱ˭ɴھҶ㲻ָӣԪӦᷴҾʵı֮ͨնɱߣͽǧöɱ
ʱӴĶӿͬһƬҶ
ϣ˽ͨԪӦݺҾǷڤжҾԮ˧Ҷߺ༸ոձµĽ죬෢ĺһʱ䣬֧˵ľ˶ˡɱͨװϣҾ˧ĺ
ţһֵ֧һĶ飬ֱشǵľСҶĴ֮£һߺţһ߷ɱǰȥ
Щ˸ȫԡѪԪӦ׼һ·ɱߵķڤδսѾ˾⣬ĿںţҲھС
Щսʿȫǰϣһɣ˧챻ҲֻǰھȴжʱҶһĿںţҲɻȻҲȴֻӵǹǰƴ࣬·ģȴֻǰϣĵϵѡ
ҶҲһ㣬ߺһ֮͵ػָ֡ϻʱʮ֮̽ǰȥȴˣͶϲݴ֮УʱȼֱߣԼĶ鱣
߷ɱǰҶĶڸһЩϣĵϵǰԾǻȴͻȻ𣬽˴ڲҽճһŽڡ
ʲôԶİϣЩµĻ棬ɾһ
ʲôµģߣһȫףҲӣЦʮ֮ڣһССҶкοɾ壿
ǲλԪֽɱ𣿡ϣˣ¶֮ɫ
ǳʲôǽɲˣȴҶ㾯ӻ˰ɣ˺˵ãԽү֪󣬶ؽ˵ġ
˾ͺáϣҶĶ飬ȱӦзĽҶߣҶ֮оƺڳһƿز˵ķչ
ʱǻյøʢˣʹΧľڸ޷ɱҶһӵĸǰҶȴ·ܲǻǰҲǰȴղĶ顣ͬǾһһսһ㣬ڲԭϳ˷ˣһ·Լڵλɱ
ʣɴ𣬡ЩǳԸɷôȻ޷סһС
˧ĩǰȡǵͷһԱ󽫺һʱĲ´ǰȥ;߸ֳλԷǿˣǴЩĻ档
ʱдĻϨ
ĲҲѧӣ棬ǻϨ
ʱҶĶȴѾɱ˾룬밲ϣ˧λѾԶ۷ź⣬̧֮ħצӰݺǰİϣҲɱѪɡ
ҾԮ˧ȥ·ΪϣȣսħͻȻߣ͵ضǰڷһ֮ΪݶǰȻըһƬըƤѪģ
Ҷ㣬ҪţǳɱĴŭţǰһҪɱУҶ㡣
Ҷкâ˸̧һȭսħ𣬻֮ȭ͵󼸱ݺݴԷһȭдſһ棬˲ͽƣǴ󽫲һΣţδжȭѾǰ
˲䣬ڲҽк˳ȥȫˤڵϣֻ˼±ٲƬ̣ͱճ˽ڵһš
Ҷƾˣǰ赲о㲻ǰ
вҪˣŻϨĵڣǰЩ׺ɱƴȴʢǵĶ֣ʱն¡
ǿľٳɱδЩ֣ȴ类ɢھеǲϣ˪ʮһھӱԵƶʿֵסǿߣΧȥϹλʥ伶֣ڶ֮࣬ɱҶͥ뷽Чߣֿ칥ʿƵС
˱һ֧壬ǰж԰ϣɣԸǰһʱ䣬ϣһȻʮ֮ڣȴ޷ֹҶӵĲ룬֮ȴѾɱ˽
Ļ쵰ϣҧгݣȴ˿Ϊ⣬ЦҶе˼ҲΪֹˡˣҾͰ˴ˣҷδܽһǸɡ
˵ţ˴ǰɱȥֱسҶ㡣
ˣҶһ
ȡͷ֮ˣ෢͵شһ
һǿ֮ξ޴󣬼ͬһʵƤսף·Զźľһ֣һ壬·𻯳һף˻ȭһȭҶ
һȭ޴󣬴ĺϵĲҶҲ֮ͷ·
ԷǾϵеĸ֣ҶȻ֮ҲﵽԪսħȴ൱еϵƴȻǾĶ֡ҲоʯΪǿ֮ﵽԪȴ޷þʯҲӦ
һȭӲǷһȥսħʱҲһĵ˶Էϣƿ
ѩӰ֪һһ㣬ԷƴһֱӴֱʱȻһ죬ҳһ
Сӣ㲻Ǻôȴˣ˹ЦһͣһȭɨĸֱۣҶ˹ȥ
Ҫ̫硣ҶЦһ͵ؼתսħ֮ȥһƺɨڶԷϣǾȭƫԭķִڵϡ
ҶٷһƣսħһƱŻ֮ݺǾ֮ϡҡΣҲҡ壬һ
˳žֱ۶ϣžӣ˱һһӿ㽫Ϩ𡣶ʱҶȴһƵͷ£սħƱֱǾͷ֮ʱըþӲ
ôʹһѪɾ㵵Ҷ㡣
亣ڵһϣһԼĵϵǰȥۼЩ˱ҶĲڵסܹȥæüͷһȥ
㣡
һӰʱؼףݣŭĿһ㣬һ֣˰ϣϣŰϣƣһҶ˹ȥ
һ𣿡ҶЦһͻȻˣ̧֮䣬зʮ̽Űϣ˹ȥ
Сѣƣϣӿһ֮ȴʮ̽ȫȥ
ⷨȻǿͨʿ˵ȴ֮һȼ鼰ҰʵսϵʤҾͽɱɣ
ҶϵĻ䣬ϣ̰â׷˹ȥ
ɱ˵ľϵʿһҶ㡣


63 ִƴ
ԪʿĺϹҶⷽȴֻܶӦս
֣ԶֵɱϣµĴ󽫣Ҷͥ뷽Ч͵ˣָʿսȺУȴ˿԰
ֻѩӰڽ伶ȴ޷뵽ⳡս֮УΪṩκ
Σ֮ʣҶȴӳ侲ԭҰ֮УͶӰڰ֮Уǲתŵħ֮硣
ħ֮磬Ҫˣ
ɲǼ䣬ħ֮ҵضޱߵħڶ˲˿սħڡսħ͸ޱ߻âʵ֮еҶУ˻Ĺơ
ħ֮צԭҰеսħķ
˲䣬Ҷߵսħ̧ұۣһֻ첲ͻȻƾʧ֮һֻ޴Ļ۶ɵħצȴֱһץס˼İϣ
ϣһУŭϵ͵طҪצѡ
ǾצޱȣϵĻ˫ɲǼ㽫ϣĻȼϣʹļУ
ɱҶ䣬һա
Ȼ֮Уħ֮צ͵ȻըϣȴһаҲûܷӳ㱻ֻħצ˴һըƬ
ܣλϵʿÿһʱסȴٳҶ㡣
ʵʱǰҶĻҶ֮֡Ϊһ֮ҶȫѾգκֵ
ѩӰȴҶͨʱ͵ش˹߽嵲סˤϡ
ҶǿʱѣθУóװĲҩƿӣһҩȥ
ʱ˲ʶҶѾɴһƣҶ˹
ʱȴѾˣҶһ̧֮䣬սħѷԾһ˴ȥ
˼ҶѾָʱһ亹Ҳ룬һȭսħһƵº󣬴һȥ
ѣҶһѩӰ׷ȥսڲִ֮䷢㱼УٶѩӰʱ㱻׷ϣҶһ䣬ʮ̽սȼ˺󱳡
˿һһԾ𣬻ȭЩ̽䣬ȴҲʧȥսֻڵϡ
ʱսħȭͷѾȻȴֻûȭмܡ
һոջɱһλԪ֣ʢһȴۼͬҶĵѣսȴǺʵƫһҶսħȭȫ˵ľѹսֻûԽˣȴҶԽȫ·硣
ڣھŭ֮б˾޴Ǿ˫ȭ߾٣͵طһ˲˫ȭϱǿޱȵǾҲ˲仯ȻһŹͭɫƤľȴȫģ
һΣʱɢɽѹȻսħϵĻҲ֮ҡҷҶ㱾ܵظӦ޴Σգʱȥ
һŭУǾ˫ȭ͵شڵϡһʱ䣬֮ҲʯӲҷɣ̳
ǿҶ㲻о̾
ȴʲô似Ȼ仯ޱһ㣿棡
һʼʹֻѱǻɱ಻ܿƣʹ±ʹħ֮צҪѡ
뵽˴ҶȴҲη壬̳ɢ˹ȥԽǴ̳ȴԶҪ֮ߡ
ߣҶХ׷ȥսħ˲Ծǰһץס˺󾱽
ƴϸֳ󣬵ȴɽĿ¾񣬶һʼǾ
ȭͷҪȴزĹȴ޷սħħצһսħյϣһˣʱƴţúʹ֫ձ
һȴ棬Ƶе˳ˤڵϡ
ҶĿһսħʱʰСһȴһ˿Ƴɵ鼮дĸ֡
Ҷһ򿪿ٵط˼ҳʱ⾹Ȼһرص֮еλ񡱵ط
ԭԼʱΪ
ö
֮УҲи֣֮е൱бգеȴڸ߸ϵĴ󽫡˧оһϵеľ񣬱Ǿеλߡλ֮Ǵյ֮أײʾˡ
޴˷ߣԶʤһߡ
ˣȻǳرãֻһ֣Իδֻȫ֮ʱǿþĲɾ޴ƻ
ǺöȴáǾϵȴá
Ҷ㽫ر뻳зźãһ֣սħ㽫սӵת˹
Ҷ֮£Ȼս˵ӣȴõͷʱҶִͷѾͷȴ¶˵ĿüĿǿڼģȴԪӦˡ
ǿҶһѩӰϣսħʬ߸𡣡ϣߵĸ֣ȴԪӦĴ󽫣ϣѷڤԪӦ˹ݺҾ˧֤ȷ䣬ǻҪһ·ߵڣѹųն𣿡
ܴܿ˰ϣжң˿˵ĿʱȻԪӦˣ
ⲨԶȥһʱ䣬ھԾȴҶΧɱ
ϣѹͶУѱɱΣֻҪһͬԮ˧Ҷ˵š
սϣһʱеʿ㣬Ҷ
ҺҶ˵ţȫϣţ򣬻ԪӦԮҾ˧ˣȲſ׷¾
һʱѩӰǰȥһڽʿȻɻ󣬵ȴҲóһ˵лشϣвϴţھȫԮ˧
Ҷ˴ӣ˺תۼʮڡľɻ󣬲֪Ƿ棬Զľڲ֪ǻ£ֻЩ˴Ԯ˧һ·ɱȥ
һȴȫţһɱ˹ȥ
ʮ֮ڣҶĴ֮ҵسԪӦĴȴһ°ԪӦͷתسɱ룬ѳǿ֮ĩķڤӻϡ
˧ҶѩӰȺ֮УߣһȭĩȻˣ
٣٣ȫԡѪȴЦұΪԪӦͷأ
һУǰϣСΪҶ˵ԪӦй¶Ҿ鱨ʹҾʿԪӦ塣ѱɱ˧ִͻԪӦΧɣ
ã켱æͷҶȻѾշڽʿ֮ģұ㣬սְɣ
ҶҲƴǣʱһ񣬸ߺָ˳ɱ


64 ڽӵ
Ҷָ£һĴ֮£֧ڤǿݺɱӲǽԪӦ˺һӣĶȫ˳ȥ
ţ˫ţǰڿƣһƾеѪսһսֱɫƣ˫ˣȴǷڤռϷ硣
Ҷָ£ڤȴֳַһӣѰҷɢǱߵĶ顣
һߵԪӦˣȴ֪սı仯ʱһɱ˸ֲɢûɱ˶򣬽ؾĶһٵٺһǹɱ˻ֽţߵԪӦ
һߣţеؾҪԮĶ飬һߣȴҶ㽫ֳ֧һ֧ԪӦսһ֧ȴǱţ⣬ֻţеؾ㽫һ¡
ţеؾҲоָӹڣҶͼȻżȴֻһ֧Ǳš
λָӹٿԼסڤһ֧Ҳǰͬ۵æ
ȴ֪֧ʱȻģʢ󣬵ȴϵؽߣɱԶս֮С
˴ڣţԪӦ岻ȥԪӦֻøߡڤսһ죬Ҳƣ룬ҶȴǷɢӪţΧͬʱֳַһ֧ΧԪӦĶ
ҹڤ˧֮УҶ㹧һ
ڤ󽫾죬ڴ֣лҶ֮˵
ĩлҶ֮֮Уһڽ׷ױȭȻҶ㵥ϥ˾д
˧λˣҶ㼱æǰ
ҲֹΪԼл㣬Ϊҷڤл㡣˵㶴Ϥ˰ϣıԮˣֻЩԶĽʿ¦һ֮⣬ȴҪ硣
¦ǵɶ񣡡һλ󽫾ɴֱĶΪ˲Щ켺ȻԪӦ˹ᣬַʽǣӦðǧˣ
һڽ춼ŷŭغ
¦ǲڤգްҶ㻺˵Ȩ죬ʥҲ޷׶ȴܼһʱλǽͬԿԪӦˣոӦͬ飬һͬԸ¦ǣ
ǣһڽ׷׵ͷ
ҶȻְ൱ʵȴѾǽһʱڣҽԸΪĵǲţɱ
Ը׷Ҷң
Ҳǣ
һڽ죬伶Ľʥ伶Ĵ󽫾׷Ҷ̬Ҳ˵Ҷ֮ʵ֮ϣʥΣǼƹˡ쵼ǣڳšһͬԿ¦ǰɡ
ҺεºܣҶǫһ䡣
ֻҪ¦ǵĶ֣ͱƴ˰ɡ˵
սɱУ˵һѺ֡˼ʽ֮УȴȻһ档ӵҶΪ֮£Ϊ˧ȴҲӲ˲ɸҶʺ쵼ˡ
ҶͲҪƴˣ
ٽ׷׸͡
ãҶ㻺ͷô˱ΪһΪһ˽ȴΪΪΪҷڤɽĳ
ĳһڽ켤غš
Ҫ׳Ҷ˵ҹõʱҵĲڷ׽һԪӦ̽ӣȴػԪӦܣԪӦ
ҶԸɣڽ컺ͷҶ㡣
΢΢һЦ䣬Ҷ㽫Լļı
֮ҹɫ֮УڤĴж
Զڤ赲ԪӦУһλԪĽŭⲽ
ʮ꣬Ũأʮֽ׳¶ļ⣬ףʾһֿҰ
ϣţ˵ˣһڷڤҾ壬ǽ֮ɱһΪȥ켺Ҳɴڤô˺ȴֽս½ҪԴš
˧ϢŭУһλ׵΢΢һЦ˵ϣѾˣȴˡ
òӢ䲻ʮ߰ӣȴҲһλԪĸ֡ϰȴƤʣȴûаãȻװƤȴֻΪԼԵ䣬ȴûӷ
Ÿɺޣ˧ţôɳôõĶǺ켺ȴ˰켺ǣӹ
ʵ΢΢һЦ۱ǰϣ켺ֻҪǷڤˣǱǺ¡˵ء
⵹ǡ˧ͷǵʧҲ̫ˣ
ҲʲôսҪ˵ġ΢Цš˧ҵҾһᡣ
Ŷ˧ͣ˽Ų
ԷһԱͽǣʵ˧ţϧһšЦƣΪһ߿Χסţ򣬷Ԯߣһ߿Խǵ⣬ܻԮϸһ룬ǽԼڸ֮ܵ
ѽ˧۾һ֮ǰȴû뵽ڶܣȻڶһеŰ
ڶ΢΢һЦа룺Ȳݰ֮ҲǱ˧ߣڹƴƾҵʵȴӦ˧֮λŶԡ
кμƣƵоʱ˧
ڶһصӣ˧ʵѾĴо֮صسǴȡϵҲѾųźţʾӵǵϢֻҪһ߶ڤȫе֮ʱǱ㳲ڤβ
˼ǡһҪú͵Ӫ˧ʡ
ǣڶһͷѾ׼ֻҪ˧һ仰ұʱڶڴ֤һȡԱǽͷ­ҾѵĽʿ
˵ţȴ˵һļı
ã׼ˣ˧˷

ڶȴаһ𣬴ȥļıʼжʱһ֧ǧ˵͵Ϯ׼׵
֧٣ȴȫɾɣͼҲǳ伶ʿȴʵǿĵõһ֧ӢĲӣȫȥ硣
ڶĿЩϹ˲ʿ˵˴ιӪΪһҪԷĻΪɱΣ𣿡
ףһڽʿش
ڶһ֣ǧ˶ӳҹɫɱǰ˲̤ڲԭϣȴһϢ·Ⱥҹ
֮Ǳҹɫ˼ǴΧķڤӪ֮ǰ
壡Ӫʱļ¥ϣ˯ŵڱڶЦһ´˹ʱһǧǿսʿǰĴ³嵽Ӫߡǰ߼ϵʿŭŷ׺似ֱӽľƷľӪŴ飬ʹǧ˶ӿٵسС
Ż𣡡УһʿȡԹŵĻ͹ޣҪȼͶЩӪʡ
ʱһŻȴͻȻӪӪһӪ֮ڣɲǼ䣬ӪΧһƬ𺣣ڶܵС
ãڶŭһ


65 Ϯ뱻Ϯ
ŭУڶȫӪųȥЩȻסȥ·̧֮䣬һϵޱˮ۵֣Ϊһ壬ͬһǰ
ʱˮһ粨ΰӿ𣬽ǰĻϨΪٳһͨ
ţǰȥ
һʿĺ棬о֣ȴʹöλҡһЩڤӪʿȴѾ޷Χס
ʱںڰжŻ֮ȥ׼ȷһٵšٷҽ׹£ҲһЩʵǿߣƾŸӦȴʱס
꣬ԽԽ٣գȴҲֻ޵ڻ֮С
ڶܳɱģȴˡ
ۿǾҪӪ֮ʱȴӭһּ꣬ڶܴһ˫һ粨ΰЩײ졣
ԪӦˣ翹𣿡
ʱһȴһӰԺڰֶȻһХ
һХԪӦʿǵս˻ֹʧ룬ȴٲʿǵָӡƴսĹУʮʿ¡
ڤɣڶܲɺۣŷǰɫϾὫȥ
ѩӰҶ㡣
Ŀӷ˹ƴڶܣҶɫءԷ䲻ʮ꣬ȴѾﵽԪۻ룬Ȼﵽ˺ܸߵľ磬ⲻܲҶ㾪̾
ԪӦſɱԪӦ˵һǼʧ
ڶܣ̧֣սħڶһƴȵĻ𾢣ڶܹȥ
ͨһ
ԪӦڶϣڶܣڶܴȵڿУ˫ޱˮƶƣսħƽɫ
Ǹ˲ļһڶغʱҶʡ
ڤҶ㣡ҶӦ
ʱڶһʿȴѾɱ˳Ҷȥ
һϣɱˣڶһָҶ㣬ȵ
ΪǶֻ赲ңһ㼸֡ҶһЦû뵽ûƷȴòΧңԼߡ
˭˵ҪˣڶЦţ˫趯֮䣬˫ƶڿޱˮ۳һ޴ˮ֮УƼҶͷն
Ҷ㲢Щʿֻסڶܣ˫֮䣬սħ˫ȭϻȵĻӭǵˮС
ΧʱӡҶͥЧ͵ȸɱסЩԪӦʿǶӷ˶ʱʮ⧲ʿ
뺰ɱУҶսڶܣȴõκҡ
ˮпƱȴǿսħʮȭϣŽһȱڣǾ޴ˮȴҶն
ѩӰҶһѩӰԼԾһԣѩӰ͵ȥȻЩԪӦʿ
ˮնڵϣʱնһѿڣʾǿƻ
㱾ԪʿԪʵʹʲôڶԷڤӵΧȴ·ƶԼһɱΧһ㡣
޿ɷ棡Ҷ̤ǰһȭСսħĻȭʱǰڶܵŴȥ
𣿡ڶЦˣ֮˫һǣԭϧˮȴ˿ǡɵǱүĲߣˮ񣡡
ЦУһƻУǲ߻賤һƣдˮȴһ½սħȭϨսħȥ
Ҷһ࣬һ̧ϼܣսħʱסһˮನֱϵĻҡݣȴҪϨһ㡣
ҶҲоֱϴһ͸ԼǿԼƻƺһתħ󷨣Ƭ̼ҽκˡ
ҵĶ֣ڶЦţǰƽһӣǲ̧죬ƲȴˮΧɢ·һֻ޴ƣҶ͵
ƣҶһһȭСսħȭϻԳ֮ڣײǴֵ롣
ûõģڶ۷ž⣬𣡡
˲䣬ǴּĶ£սħȭϡϵĻȫϨ𣬺ݺݵؽսħ˵ϣһɢ١
ҶһһѪһ˳Ⱦǰ棬ҡҡ׹˼ϥڵء
Ҷ㣬ʱֻˡڶܻǰ˧һڽ커ߣΪүԸԽ֮գûлɱ㡣үվ֮УүȥʩΪû뵽ȴЩһ
ǿȴǵ͹ˡҶ̧ͷֻɱңȴҲס
˵ˣڶߡ
ʱһѾ˹ΧЦһ첻ڣƾʲôסҡԪĽЦ
Ҫ̫Դ󡣡Ҷվɱ֮УǽϵСģսȻǿΧҲ·һ
ΪռűʤڶҡͷﻹôһӣƯ̡Ҷ㣬ھ͸㣬ͻΧɣ
һЦ֮䣬͵Ҷ˶˫Ӽ䣬һˮҶ˹ȥ͹֮£ȴʱƣˮ֮赲ҶĽ졣
Ҷɫأˣ߻һȴսħ³֣Ӷ֮ȭӭԷơ
ȴڶԷƷ֮£ҡҡλΣʱϨ
Ҷ㣬ˣڶܷЦš
ģȴԪӦҶ㵭һЦָڶܵ
ʲôڶ̲סٵػͷһֻۣһۣȴס
ΪڤԪӦӪկߵĴӪȻȼ
ô£ҲûɱĶȥǵӪ̰ѵ˧Ǹܣǻ뱾죿
ѵ
ͻȻ䣬˸£һµͷڡ
Ҷ㣬ԼŻӪʡ
ҶЦ˧һΪѾ֣ļŴҾӪɱţеؾҲһѾҾӡŸ߾Ԯ򿪴ŷӵˡȴ֪ѽػţˣȴαװʹȥֻҪļƣȫ
ܣڶܾŵؽ
㲻Ҿ˧𣿡ҶһЦѴĴƵԪӦĺ󷽡ǳҾĿӪǾͻں󷽴ǸֲţеԮ
ҶҡҡͷȻһ֧õĶ飬г޽ȥ޻أ
ڶܲɺۣϲȫˮӿ͵Ҷ
ǹһ֮䣬սħ˫ͬʱӿ˿˿ƵĻ泤˿ٵڿб֯ǿµĳǹδǹУӭ˲ߵ˫ơ
һʱ䣬ڣ


66 ȫʤ
Ҷڶܴս֮ʣһڲȴѾЩ翹ԪӦӢɱ˸ɾʱΧ˹ڶܻȴǰ֡
ڶڼս֮УҲΧı仯ԶĴӪ̤صвɸӽͻȻһȴټڽϲ͵ӿ˼ˮŻһˮ֮
׺ƣ
Уƶһˮƿ֮Ҷݺײȥ
ҶĿ䣬Ҳ˼һȭսħʱǹ˳ȥˮľһıըǹȻըѣˮը֮ػ˴ӣʣµС壬ȴҶ
Ҷ㲻üȴǵ͹ڶܡ
һ߽һöĲҩ£Ҷһսħǰһŵסˮһ
ʱˮսħһɢҶҲ˳һһ˵˳ȥˤڵϡ
ֱܵȣܹʿܵ˺ȴҪСö࣬ټҶѾҩ貹ħʱʱתħ󷨣ȴҲʱվ
ڶܴʱȴѾ˰ΧԼһڸ֡ʮ˵ãҾ֮ҲСǴһȥ
˴ʱҶ㱻һȻҪȥæʱڶȴѾ˶Ůǰ
ҪҶȻһ𣬶Ůһ䣬ڵڶܣܵһԡ
ڶҲʱӶŮ߷˹ȥ
ʱһȵıǹȴԱ󼲷ɶĺݺݴȥ
͵ϮʲôúڶܸӦ͵ػ˫ͬʱƳ
ϣٴƳһơһ뷽ȣȴ֮ȻʹҲѾĵ߰˰ˣȴѾǺ
Ȼ֮Уǹըֱӽǲߺ䣬ڶܲҽűըɳȥˤڵϣϵƤסȫѣƤը˺ȫǽѪۡ
һе䣬ˤڵϷ˼£ͣ
Ҳģڶҧͦӣȴˤȥٲˡ
Ҷһöҩ󲽶˽ǰϸ̽飬ڶȷʵѾ΢΢ҡͷϧһŻȴҪв֮£ҲǾȡȷʵΪΣķҼߣҲܽɱ
תͷԲ˵ǸţͲҪն׼ȫʬɡ
ǣʱӦ
ʱߵڶϵǼԣʰȴһƴԲ⻬֮ʱȴղ
ڶȻСյĳ̶ȣҾˣҲղ˵ľӡҶ㲻к棬ϸ۲֮£Լô˾ǷʱħС
ʱǾӾҶħȴһ仯
ˡҶһ
ʿ֮ȻһҶħȴûб仯ȴֲ֪кιܡҶһתӽϹҶͥ磬һԡ
áҶͥһͷӹҲˣ⾵ӦǼɣôҲûκα仯أ
ӺͷЧ͵ʱҲ˹žԣȴԲȻ
սҪԺоɡҶ㽫ʱӳδģֻԼһȺϵףûʿ˵߾ߣж磬ʱϵţ򸽽
ʱţؾ˷ڤӪеĻ⣬Ѿ˷ܵΪıɹʱ㳲ɱЩŻĿӪõķڤȴǾص֮󣬲ͻȻԺϢɱһ·ǰɱȥȴɱԪӦؾĪ֪ΪαͻȻֵˡ
ǷӦʱȴѾ̵һ룬ٵͷɱ֮ʱȴٲɱķڤ
ҶʱٸϵŴһͨɱЩԪӦ޵ֿ֮ھ֮ɢӣһԶһȴڤ׷ɱն¡
һߵԪӦʱҲֻҵľ֮СĴ£ʮڤԪӦβ׷ɱɱԪӦһƬŹޣʶ˳ɱڤӪ˧δŪ巢ʲô£ԼĶѾɢȥһ롣عҪ֯ɱķڤս֮ʱȴѲָӡ
鼱֮£λƿҰ뺷˧ȴѡ˶´Լߡ
һߣߵĴҲſʼߣǴ󽫾һʱ䣬ԪӦȫӡ
˷ܵشŶһ׷ɱնֱ׷ʮԶۼԪӦɢɢ󣬲ͣǰعţ
ʱţȴѾҶʾפУȫ˷ڤС
ŴУļشڽѰҶ㣬ţ뽫֮ʱǰһѽҶ㱧סҶն֮ƣȴܴԪӦȡ˴ʤǱһ֧Ķ飬ȴ˽ҵĹͰ
˧ˡҶ㵭Ц
Ҷ䣡֮УеĽٶߺһԵдľУʮڤʿ̲סһҶ䣡
ֱԭǱңԶԶڳڻԪӦʿˣŵĵѣ
ҶͥվǴ֮У˵ĸߺۿһżдų羴ȴɲ
ǿȻֻǽȴѾӮ˽ӵʿ֮ģĽҶңΪѪ𣡡
ᣬ˳¡
Ҳ֮ߺҶ䣡
һҶ䡱ȴǰҶҵҫ
λȺڣڿ֮ʣҶȴûʧ侲ָߺֹס˵ĺ
ҾȻʤδȫϤţΧҲ˽⣬ԪӦȻܣȴɾʹ˶϶ǲɱһǹ˵ǵǰҪ飬÷ȴʤ
ǣһڽʱȭеȴ˧ʱǡҲˡ
Ҷĵϵһˣϲ¶οЦݣÿ˶뵽һʡ顣
һҹҶʱ˲ãֳ֧˵Ķ飬ֱפ򣬽ӹ̣ר֮䴫ϢĿӣʮ˸Աţ
һ֮󣬴ʱжһȹ̵ϵѾԭԪӦǰ߾ݵҪȴ˷ڤĵ̡
ڶ죬ȡҶ֮ʱɳ˿ʤϢ;ӵϱ͢
δõ͢ĻӦ֮ǰȴݲ֮ܶפ
Ҷֱֵصӣһר򸽽ѲߣֹԪӦ̽ӻԪӦϮһţ򱱷פΪԪӦϮʱĵһߡ
ˣȹǡ
һʱս֮£˶ҶȴÿȡôʤʢȴһһҲÿѵ档
֮⣬ƽʱڼǱҲҶͥ
Լʱоֵľ


67 ¹ͼ
һ澵ʵ֡
˵Ƿƫƫȴ˵Ƿȴֻ̳ԣȴûа㷴Ӧ
Ҳûһ㷨еǶʯõʯۡ
Ҷ㼸Թеķϸ۲˾ӵĸ֣ȴûҵأҲûþӷӳʲôá
ǷҪʲôķʹã
Ҷ̲ס룬漴ַ뷨
ĻڶȻὫһõķҲϡ
Ҷȷһ㣺һǹģսΪκθڶܵʱʹˡ
ǹǷҽƣɻָЩȷˡôʲôõģѵǸ
޽⡣
һҹҶǽϵķֻ֮ȴһ͸⣬Զȴ
ҶҹˮҹĻӦ·Ӵʱ˹һƤۡ
лҶϳۣȴ˻Ǿ̲סֽ֮ȡ˳жꡣôҲȻ΢΢ҡͷ
ʱȴղգԽ˵ס¹ļ¥յǾϡƽȴӳӰľϣһâɲǼҶ㷢Լھ֮ϡ
ףӾȳ⾵һ¹ҫȻͿռˣ
˼Ҷһæ泯¹⣬ͬʱħ
Ǿ˿ʼ֮⣬ȴκα仯
ôӺʡ
ûͷҶ̾˿⾵Ӷ¶ۣԼ⣬ȴֱûʲô֮
ѵֻһ龵ӣֻܸʧ˵
ӦðɡҶžӣҶ꣬˳¥·صԼ
һݣһů泩ʱҶȴǾ˱仯
溮أůһݣǹ⻬ľϱʱȽһˮˮһǾϱԳһЩͼ
Ҷ㲻һ漴һٽС
Щͼģޱȣȫʲôдʲô
һ˼ʱȥӳµһȴ¹ڣȡһˮǾˮС
ʱǾ¹䣬˹ʣˮ󣬱ʱˮϸֳͼ
Ҷ㲻ɴϲ
û뵽ⷨȻʹãء
ϸؿˮϵͼ֣Щʽ֣ȴʶӹŷŨȴǹŴ֮ʱѾʧ֡Ⱥĳ̶ȣȴ֮ʧ
ЩͼεױϣȴһΣϻãƺе·ߡ
Ҷϸ۲죬нطų˹ΪֵԼʶذͼе·ߣԼħʱһҪĸоӯԼڡ
ȻǸķа롣ҿת·߼ħȴ߶вͬǼһֲħ֮ͨ
ѹ֣
ڶܡ겻ʮƺǴﵽԪ۷壬ʵ֮ǿɳΪšһҹʹǿӣȴ˾̾ڿΪڶ⾵ֳĹ
Ҷϸ۲죬ˮӳͼζ̽ˮһ˿ħ뾵Уʱˮ㶯ͼħӿķƶ
Ҷϲæħ򣬱ˮͼζ
ã̫ˣ
ѹסмȴǿʼо񣬼Ǿʾͼһ߼䣬һתڵħ֪ʱʱҴҶԶʧȥ¹ҫǾ㲻ٷ⣬ˮϵͼҲʧ
Ҷ㼱æˮ裬ԺУ׷¹ȥ
ˣһֱɫûֹ߲ͣ
ǿϧⷨȴֻܵµҹʹã̫ˣ
̾̾ȴҲֻܵΪֹҶ㽫𣬻صϸػһסͼΣ
һֻڵħӿͬһ㼤ȴѰ
䣬ҴҶȥҹٴν٣Ҷ˳صԾ񷣬ˮӭ¹⡣
Ҳշһҹ죬ÿ춼ڶȴмصȫͼζ
ͼζȫգڴտʼ֮ٶȴٴħӿķȱøԭ·ǴӱȴǺˡ
ͼеչʾķڵħ󳱱ԽԽͣڣһȻ֮УԭҰϿħ֮Ҳ˱仯ħݺҶħΪһ塣
ȭħħħ֮Уʱӿһħ⣬ޱߵħֳǿޱȵ
Ҷ̲סۣһ֮䣬ȭħߡ
һΣûн֮ȭħȴγʵ壬ǻӰ
Ȼɲ֮ͻ伶ޣʥ伶
ʥһԡ䡱ĵȼеһһѾʿеʥߣǰһ롰
뾳֮ʼΪԪǰһƾΪƾƾʱʿǳԽġ֮
˵ʿȼеͬΡӵͻƾ磬ճ
Ҷ㣬ߵˡ䡱֮ޡ
ãҶվ΢΢һЦôֻҪꡣܱȱ˻øôȴһ
ʱͻȻоԭҰȴ˶ɷֳһй۲졣ֻħ֮ϣڣһ֮ƽϢսħڶڿкսħսħͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ȻսħҶٲҪ֮ʹã
̫ˣ
Ҷйâʢ̲ס𣬴⡣
ѩӰһѩӰʱ˹
ҶѩӰٵسţԭ֮Сһ֮䣬սħʱߣϻȼգָ̧֮
ʱħ֮зɳħΪսħ֮Ҷ͵Ԫ
ôԪ
Ҷȴһ
֮ǰԼ伶ʱɽԼ˼Ѿʥһȴޱ仯
ҲԪһΪֹˡҶ㰵Եͷǰȴӵиǿǡ
һţһ̧սħҲ̧֣л滯˿֮״ڿб֯Ǳǹ
Ҷ㿴׼ǰһʯһ֣սħ׼ȷؽǹ˹ȥ
Ȼ֮УʯըƬ̳ɢ
һǹ֮Ҷȴûκĸоȴħ棬˿Ϊ̡
Ǿ޴Ľˡص˵ͷ
ˣ֪㡣
ⶫȷʵرҶԻóǾϸţһЦ
ƥرȻ졣㹻ʵػȴҲ¡
һ⣬ʱѩӰعţУԼһڵϵ


68 粨
ЩˣҶͬĽˣҶԿεġ
ҹõľУһطҶЩҲһ£Ȼٶȣʿ硣ҽǣǹͬһߣˣǿֵռһϯ֮ء
ǾӵܱȫƽˣӲһϲ
ǡҶͷ˾ͼϹ֣ȫ޷ƽ⡣ǿЩͼѾһˡ˷ϰʱɣѾﵽʥ伶
˲зŹ⣬ͷ̾
ұ㽫֮ǡҶ˵¡˹漰شȴ⴫
ǣӦ
һǿշǿ˽ǿ㹻Ա֮Ҷ㲢ǲ֪˱˹ϵش󣬲ӦһԼȻʤºȣԲֻǲ׺һڣ㲻˵õǿߡ
Ҫ볤ñд˱ȴԼ׳
ԭҲ֮ˡãĻѣֺôôһ˶
һ˱ʼǾͼĹ⹦Ȼ˵ã˸֮󣬸ԵɰЧͱѾﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣǰٳ߸ͷһͻƶﵽʥ伶
Сжʮ˪֮ǰҲﵽ˳伶۷壬⹦ºҲ׷׶ﵽ伶
ҶͥҲ伶ֵĳ̶ȣﵽ伶۷ĵزνǽԡ
Ͱλʥ伶ĸ֣ȻҲͬ޴󣬵ΪʥһҪ¼Ϊѣȴδһڴﵽʥ伶۷塣
ٶȣ˵ĽѾǷԾʽˣΣȴǿϲѣ˷ܵòˡ˵ǰҪʱ䣬ſܴﵽĹ
⻹Уƿһ˳¡
һ˶вͬĽÿ˶һϲۿԼЩԼĵϵʵ׳ҶҲϲޱȡ
ּպҶͻȻŲңۣ𻺲ű߽Ŵ򿪣ȴ뼸λ죬
˧Ҷһȭɫʱ֪ʲôõ·ˡ
ǳ͢ʲôϢʡ
ҡͷ򡣡
Ҷ⼸ղ֪һԪӦӣǵɧš˵ȥ磬Ǹ޷׽ǵĶֻܱ򡣼Ѿٽʿʸձ˾
£ҶĿתΪЩԪӦĲٸһѵǲʵġ
Ⱥ˲Ǵ󲿶ӡ˵Ƿ·һֻ׳ţԷһȺӬȻ⣬
̾˿ǵսʿóԭսڵҲϤȻ׷ȴǱԷ˦ѣ۽ȴ޷һݵؽȺˣʵᡣҶһǶǹڲԭսģ׷ϣӦԶʤǵľʿ㵽һУȺĲӬ
ڣ岻ݴǡҶһͷ֧Ԯ
Ҷˡ켱æȭ
˧ˡҶǻ
챾Ҫϼ佻Ҷ㣬ҶȴֻǴԼѵһǧսʿЩҶѵ֮£֮ǰһսԡѪɱ֮УѾҸҶ˳羴֮飬νҶĵϵ
˼ȻСɣҲûҪҶ˵һǧӡ
ˡ֣ء
һǧ˵Ķ飬üҲжҶһ뿪ţһ·ȥ۵ı̽·ȷҲʡˣֱǰһ·֮С
ۼʢĴӢҶĽʿǲɶ˷һзŹ⣬δСԪӦһսѾʤȯգ·ЩԪӦ˵Դ˱Լֵıǩ͵Լժ칦ˡ
פĴ󽫾ԽҶӭ˾֮УҶҲףֱһԪӦ
ȺһǴ󽫾˵ġˣտʵסɱ׷ǣǸҪǵսʿӦԭսԵλϤʵûа취
Ⱥڽرа֮Ҷ˵֮Ҫǵϳڡ
ǰ󽫾ͷҲ˼ԲŻɱ׷
󽫾ȫӪǿ䱸һΧ°ڡҶָڵоͼ˵ٴϮҾ׷ȥǡ
ǣǴ󽫾ǹһͷ
ҶȻֻʵȴԶְ񣬾Ҳ˽ͨĽ˽һ߹֮У죬Ҳмӣ˵λ󽫾ˡ
󽫾ϣҶ˰ӣҪѱʦǣһǷɢܣڸ֮أΧķ紵ݶ
ڴʱ֮һƬԭ֮Уһɳ۶룬һص֮С
ʱ֧ǿҶ׼˺ǹֻعλڲΪİ
ڣһȺ뺷ԪӦսʿΧڵأŸ⣬ơΪһʮߣ̧ͷǿ
ϣʿ˹°ݡ
Ŀ
ϣʿ𣬡ڤĴ˧ȻҶפԶԿǵɧս
񰡣Цһȴ£ߣڤЩӣΪǵĿ𣿴ˣֻΪ˽ҶǷܵţ÷Ƕֶѣˣ
ڣһ׳ĺʱеɣ
̻ȥϣ˵
ǣǺһ񣬷ɲһУƬ̼䣬Ѿһƥɱȥת۲Ӱ
СǣԱɣ߳˵ϲϵڽҹʱҵҪȫɱУҪʹҶȦ֮У
ǣһսʿӦԣֻǼӿٶȳԺ
Ҷ㰡Ҷ㣬ڶϵ˿ɲôɱģĿ䣬ҹڽҹ㽫ΪΪۣ
֮䣬¶
һҹȴֻСƬգҲʱƲƮһ˿¹ڵ
Ҷ㾲УֻصĹžгֵȴһҹԪӦڶܵ£͵ϮڤӪ龰
ڷڤУλͣڱᡰڶϡȴԼľְ񣬿ɼڶԪӦӦһĴ塣ڶЯرҲضڶеλ߳ߡ
Ϳаӵܡ
ôڶʧر֮󣬻ưոݣ
һᡣӦҲΪرԪӦҲ죬ܱ񣬱ضǶϸܵĽ
ܸʧȥֲٳᣬô
ҶͻȻЦˣΪѾһȺɧŵԪӦĿΪΣѾµĿʲô


69 ڶϴ
ҹž
һ󳤷紵𣬲ԭϱ纣˰
ǲ죬
Χĵƻţ¥ϵʿԶڰҹɫ֮УĿȴղԶ
Ȼ䣬һ·Եضɱһ㣬ͻȻڱ֮УڱüǶѾ嵽ӪıԵ
λ޴ͻȻƾճ֣ʩչǵľդһݻ٣ʹǴԳֱ롣
һӶװսķڤսʿ˴ӪֳֵǹӭһӹһԪӦʿЩʿս֮ݺɱ֮ͨʿȻǲס
תۼ䣬Ѿɱʱһһλ̨֮ϣĿ̶ֱּ䣬ǧɱӲǵסʿȥ·ֹסսơ
ȴҶ㡣
ԪӦҹǵڣȡ
һȣҶͥЧ͡ӡС˪ʮʱǧ˶гɱȥ
һУЧ͡Ͱ˽ʥ伶Ҳ伶һ֧ɵĶһ㣬ҡһɱӣʱɱʮˡ
ڤҪ񣡡ʥ伶ǿߴţӭˣʱһ𣬵ʱƽ֡
Ȼͬʥ伶ЧȴнʵȴǸʤˡһ˶ʥ伶ԪӦ֣ȴ࣬ЦУͭ˫裬󿪴أȻƵԪӦʥʿסˡ
˵ס˶Էʥ֣Ҷͥ˱ʿɱ䡣ЩҲв֣ȴԶҶһʵҲв࣬ʱ㱻ɱʮˡ
ҶǧҲ֡Ȼǲս޷ڿƳĴӪ֮УȴԶʿͻŶԷȥƣʿɱڵء
ƴ󣬳
ʱһλʥִһƴȫͻΧһʿȫȥ
Ҷɫˮƽ޲ֻ֣ʱʿǱֻԼ㽫ԪӦ˷ߣЧ͵˱ս׷ȥ
ϣԪӦӹȻ׷ˣǷԪӦʿУһһۣһһλ˵
ҶϵǹˣЦӱޣԶȥ
ʱҶ㻷ܣָűɼӹդ³žǿ˷ԼһǧӪ⣬ֳ˼鰵ڡһжæ󣬲һ˻صԼĽ֮С
֮еĵƻϨȻϢˡ
ֹãӰȫǷڤװ
ʲôˣʵʱʡ
ԼˡУΪ׵һλŽ׵ߣԼʮ̷꣬Ŀʣʹ˿ı仯΢Ц𣬻ǰǼӦѾȰƵߣֻһУ㽫ɱ
غá߳˵һͷʬᵽһغãԼαװߡ
߻ǰ˴֮ڡȻһƬڣȴƺںһ˫˹âȴ糣ҶĴ齶ȥ
ԶǿͣɡʱҶͻȻڴϣ΢΢һЦ
ȴţҲ΢΢һЦҶøߵľ
䲻ɢκϢֻǾǰѾ˸оѹҶ˵ţ𡣡Ҷĳ˯죬ȴǱѹѡ
ϷԪӦڶϴϣڶһȭ
СڤҶ㡣Ҷһȭ
ԪӦ˲ϲ¡ڶ˵Ҵ˴רΪڶ֮¶
ڶ͵ϮҾӪսвжҶ˵սǳ¡ڶҪΪԼĽܳӵܱ𣿡
ȻҪڶѾʹɱҶ಻ܸڶ˵Ҵ˴ǰȴΪڶϵһ֮
һžҶʡ
ǡڶһͷ˾ΪճϹʱһǰ䵽ڶУ˴֮䲢ʲôãֻŮ֮ˡ
һͨľӣֵڶ϶˽ϧҷڤӪգҶЦˡ
Ҷ֮ѾԹ˰ɣڶҡͷһЦǾȻȴ仯ɣ
ҶЦ
ǾȷʵǼڶ˵սõķֻܽ¹˺ֵռѡ˵ʵ֮Ů˵ȴǼֵǵر
¼õͭȴҲ˺֡Ҷ㻺ͷȷȴȵıˡ֮ȡİŮӣܶ䷼İɣǲ
ڶɫһ˵ˣãȴڶഫ֮뽫̧֣֮黹ҡ
кκôҶ㻺ʵ
ҶͶ֮УΪĲһڶЦˣԸ˾ڶ֮岻ٲ׷һ԰Ҷƽơ
ŶҶƺȤĿ˸
ҶھУǸ׷ڤľơڶ˵ڤйڣȴȨκ˵ٻȴϵһ֮˭ҶرҸɣ
Ҷʡ
ǡڶͷҶϽճңڶϱɳ滯⻳Ҷ֮϶ˣҶȻڳ֮͢ƽơʵǰ֮ˣҶţү±ܵõãδŹһְ֮ɣͶ£ʱζΪҶ֮ţء
ڶ˵֮䣬⴫˼ڶδ⣬ҶȴĿһ
ǵ϶ҶЦˣ˶ԷĻ浱СΪҲ֪˴ηڤΪԪӦֻΪԪӦ֮켺ΪҲ֪¦ǶֻʣɱģЩңϣ̫棬Ϊ̫棿
ʱڶѾӦҶӿɱ⣬üͷһ塣
Ҷ㣬ǻ·ߣר·ڶǻǵҲɱһʱ䡣
ҶĻشȴǾӿ֮Уսħƾճ֣һ̧֣˿˿Ƶؼ֯һ˱ǹ
Ҷ˫һȦսħʱֱֳǹڶشȥ
ȵʱм̺һЩϸС߱ʱ㻯˻ңУƺҪȼ
ñ죡ڶĿ˸ΪʥһȴܷӳԪϵķǿıȴǿı޷ãǼȴҪˣҶ㣬ʱȥĲʶôɣ
ߣڶһҹеĹȣһǹֱ̺Ҷ
֣Ҷһ˲Ƽ䣬սħǹºݺȥǹƣڶȥ
ڶҲӲǿһǹʱһһЦҶ㣬ֿҲá⻹λʥ伶ңأߵЩ类ʹߣʱ׷˵ƨڲԭתȦأˣ
˵͵һ̧ţʱһƥߴ񿥵ȣһҶ


70 ƾ
ѸҶ㼱æ˫һսħʱǹڵأסһߡ
һ֮ȴֱӽսħײ˳ȥ
Ȼ֮ǿ
Ҷһüȴ뵽˰ԼڶɽֿһҹŮӡ
ڶһ֮¸ĸоŮӼΪơ
ڶλϵʵ򵥣²ԪѾƾһ
ƾĸ֣Ҷ˿һ˿Ĵ⣬ͷת֮䣬սħѿһĻӱ۶ֱۣǹڶ
һǹ֮ڶҲ˿СӣʱԭȲһһ߳һתһԴ׳ȫڱǹϡ
ʱıըʱըƬɢķЩƬȼŻ棬·һ֧֧ѣΧȥ
գУҶ첽ˣͬʱʱЩĻ涼ɹС
¿ٳ֣ЩɢȴӪɲСƻ
Ҷ㣬СӹȻڶЦֻϧֻһˣղҵĶ֣
ЦУǰһŷ߶ȥԾֻǰ㵱ն䣬Ҷͷȥ
һתҶһȭսħѾٴһ˱ǹһǹظ֮ȥ
ڶһ˫ſڶʱϣǰ̤ȻǹڵϣͬʱսħߵŰݡ
ҶƺһһѪˮƬ̼ڲħ֮ӿħѽƸԭսħƣŴİ͵ص𣬷ը˫ڱǹǹβǹʱը
ȻУȴҲը̤֮סǹһֻǰ㣬Ȼըһ˿ڡ
ڶɫȻǶŭͻȻһ˲ѵҶǰһҶȥ
Ҷ㳷ֵսħ˫ȼŻ棬ȫסڶһߡ
˫㣬ȴҲͬʱӡսħıϣ޴һ½սħߵúɳȥ
Ҷֻ۷ʹҧסæһּ䣬һ˱ǹ˳ȥ
ʱӪķбҶĽӪΧס󽫾ǻһҪҶԸڶȴڶһס
ڶһ֣򷢻ӳʥ伶ǿߵҪĽ쵲ס
ڶһǴ˴ֻΪҶһ˶ڤھͱˣ
ͻȻ䣬֧ƿնڶȥڶȴҲ㣬ֻһζҶ㡣ֱ֧ıϣȴͬͭһ㣬ײڵأ˼⣬κá
Ԫ֮ʯӲľѰǡƾһ伡Ҳϼѡ
ʹǿᣬ˵Կվﲻ뽫ɱҲ졣
Ⲣ˵ƾʿǹ룬Է㹻ҪƤȴҲұȻʹڶ⼸ƤʹȴҲԣҶ㣬˫߻䣬սħߵըңɢ
Ҷҡκˣһµڵأſ³һѪ
֪СܣڶЦţͻȻһҶ̤ߣշҶ̤
ǴʱʱҶͻȻһʱл֮˸ڵϣ͵ؽһ̧սħʱƾճ֣ұһ֮ʧһֻ޴ħצȴ
ǿŮǸħ֮צ
צһʱڶ󾪣ŭһȻӲлʽһת֮䣬˫ſľ˹ȥҲ֮š߻һһ֮Ϊһ壬ײħ֮צ
ҲʱӰȴһŰеڶȥ
ȴʥ伶ķЧͺͰӣ
˴ʱȫް㱣һͭ裬һȫڶ
֮ϣһȺ˲ɱȴҶͥˡʱҶͥУ߳ŹͭɫľӰһ˫ȭƾˣһ硣
СҲѷɫг裬߳һλƮӰС趯߳һλ׳ĻӰжʮ˪һδ֣ȴ˿еڶȻʱ׼ȥ
һʱ䣬ڶȴǼҶеϵǿߵĹϿջҶһǿޱȵħ֮צɵԲۣбһŭ𣺡ôܣ
Ȼ֮Уħ֮צײһըѳ㣬ڶȴ˫ߣЧͺͰӶ˵Ĺȫɢʹ˼׹ˤڵϡ
˫ߣȴ·Ҷͥ˵ĹҲȫ⣬ߵúɶԼڵϡ
ʱ˪ʮȴһȥ϶ֳӰ磬һҪڶɱļơ
СҪɣڶţ֮䣬ֳƥȥ
ʱһȴΣͷ֮ʣһ֮
ʲôһ͵һʮߵ÷˳ȥ漴ٱۣȴһ
Ȼȴһ֧ȫܣһֱ֧
΢΢һü̧һֱֻƤһС΢΢¶һĨѪɫƤСˣֱֵһᡣ
ҪЦͻȻȴòԣֻһֱ۶ʱȻʹ۾Ҳһ󷢻·ʱҪε
жһҡΣǾʲôôϷƾôᱻˣ
ⶾأ¦˴ŵıװĶҩѰ涾أ껨ļͲЦڰӰ˳ҿ׼㣬ڱأ
СڶŭţҪǰɱǶӿǰڣߵҡ£ɢ
ϣ󽫾ԪӦʥʿ˫۷죬һƿ󽫾ڶȥ󽫾ʱ׷ȥ֮ĵԪӦʥ·磬ٲУ㱻ˡ
һλԪӦʥ伶֣ɱڶߣһ½ס
ٳڶǿѣΣٴγߣǸһסӪ֮ȥ
Ҷ㻺վ𣬳Ҫڶһ֡
ɲǼ䣬һӰһԺڰзǰȴһֱû¶ѩӰ
۽ңҶһ֣ʱ׸Ҷ㣬ҶһѩӰѩӰʱһϯȥ
´Чʱվһ󽫾սԪӦʥʿɱȥ
ԪӦʿ裿ԪӦʿҲңۼ֮ȻָһȭԼİͷ­÷飬ȴɱˡ
ʱҶѾѩӰںҹԭ֮ϡѩӰٶȣʼߵڶľ룬ֻһ·۲䶯򣬲ʧȥ١
ͬʱһ·ϵ±ǣָһ׷ٵ·
ˣһ·򱱶ȥֱ˰ʱ֮󣬷һɽȡ


71 ì
Ҷϸ۲ΧѩӰ֪ƹ˼ڣɽ֮С
͸ۣҶؿɽ֮еһľկֻկͬӪһ㣬ܣм¥ľդΪǽڲľݡ
ڶҧţȼľկĴźȴټֲסǻ˹ȥһʣʱʧʥʿһͬǰˤȥ
ʥʿƴԼˤˣǽڶס󣬿첽կšկ߼ˣʱկţ˷С
ҶѩӰ֮Ѹٵؽɽȣӽľկʱҹɫڣ±ڵȴѩӰж˳ľկ
۹۲һҶѡһֵصľդǽѩӰצϣķǽϣ۹۲կж
կӱƸС͵ĳһ㣬вѲ߶飬կڸֵ֮ߣȴż׵սʿһѰգȻһҪһӪһ㡣
ڶʥʿţկһ֮УʱƻͨһдԪӦ˽УȻǼڶ
Ҷֹ۲һͨկڷСԼկǴСжϳկһǧԪӦսʿ
ģկ죬ȴʱ˴Ӧڶϵһݵ㡣
Ҷһ߹۲һ߰룬ϲ¶Цݡ
־ݵ㣬ȻԷڤڶһѶԪӦ˲֮ġãȻҴɱģͱǵĺˡҽݵڶȻʹȴȻҪ²ϱԪӦֻܳ͢ԴưͿǵļҲҪɣ
뵽˴΢΢һЦҪ뿪
ʱһȴע⡣
ڶϵĹֱһɱ˴үңʲôúо
һӵĺȻľݺڴ˴Ѿʮ΢Ѱ˸޷ҶʱѾʥ伶ĸ֣֮ʹʵﵽԪй֮ȴһֿɱȡ
ɲий֮󣬱ʱ˽ĺ
СӣǵУʹ᣿
СӣүᡣѴүѥɾˣү㲻
ޣǺЦŦǶصӢֻۣܣȴСо
С˾СˣУȴϷŪΣ
ֵǣ˵ǰ⾫ļһֵկϣϲԭϵͺհһĳ˿ɺã
ǶģѺسһڳϣŦ֮ǻΰҲڶϵѾͷǳʶ
һЦмǺӵŭ
øŦϵļ񣡡һ̲ǺӵǺذγ
үһʹɣǺӴЦ
ʹ죿εЦֻ֮ȻŮװװαԪӦǣԪӦ嶼۽磬֪ʲôввŮ֮
ʣǺӲŭ
Ҷ΢΢üĿѾһƫƧݡдΧǣȴ˾֮ݣǸѶĺõط
ҲҶ㶯ɱ˵ĺõط
һѩӰѩӰʱԾӰ֮вԷеս
ҶѩӰľűߣСĵƿһŷڿֻƻ֮£һ׳ԪӦӱڰ֮Уȫ²Ŵƣ׳御¶⣬˺ۡ
Ƥ׵ԪӦƤľΧվһ䵶ЦõȥŪǱӵиסЦ
Ǻǵͨ죬ŭ𣺡޳СˣɱҰɣ
һŦϼҲҶɱ㣿õ˵ЦͻȻ佫һᣬ׼ǺиҪ֡
ʱҶѾǰ֮ʣʮָ˲âּʮħצӰӶǼΧ۵ԪӦЦʱи飬ˤһء
˭ֵһȿҶѾһȭţһ˫һӶһ£㵹ڵء
㣿ڰǺһҶ㣬һȻ
ʲôˣҶͳ
ŦǺһصʬ飬͸һĨ⣬Ҳ΢΢Ȼ󹧾ش𡣡ԪӦŦһ֮ˡ
ԪӦУΪλӵмȨ߾ĵλСֻڴϢҶ˽⵽
˴־⺺ӣҪȴ˫ԻƺŦڶ֮гޣɶģԪӦ֮ķʹæڶȴɽڤ߾֮ȥ߾֮ࡣ
λӣӦǷڤ˰ɣŦʡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
֪ڤ޲ԪӦǡŦ̾һҪʲôʰɣ֪޲ԡ󣬻빫Ӹһʹ졣
ҶһЦΪ϶Ҫɱ㣿
ҲֱԣңŦһüġЩڶϻ쵰裬ǴԭӣԹжر
øжرҶˬһЦһ·αң
ʹ裬Ǵٴһ֮Ŧ֣˵ŦԸһΪūΪԱӶ£
ãҶһͷ֮䣬סŦжϣŦһˤڵϣ𣬱֮£ȴˤڵء
Ӽ¡ŦЦһұڶӴ֫ͷȴ޷ʹ
ҶְŦϣڵħת֮£֮㽫ŦĶϹ½ϡ
⡭Ŧ֮ʣ㣬ȴֹɾϲĪҲԼ壬ϥҶ򵹡
Ӵͬ죬ŦԱ
Ҷ̧֮䣬ȭħƾճ֣ǱҶһȭߵ¿㳶׸ŦŦ£ʱ֮ϡ
˴˵֮أߡҶ˵ţִ̧ڵĵƻ𣬴Ŧȥ
ŦӰ֮УէѩӰȴһ漴̾һֻǣ
ҶѩӰŦһ֣ŦҲֱȥѩӰ˳ǽһ·Ӫɱȥ
ΪλᱻڴˣҶתͷʡ
ӡŦ𣬡ڶһȨѹŦһ壬Ϻòݳڶǿţ򣬱壬ŮΪ檣ʵ̫òԸ裬ɱһҾʹ˼Сʧ˸ĸ󣬲Ϊ䱨ΪˣֻԪӦڣڶƴȴûлᱨ𣬴˴Ҽڶ·ϴɱȴ롭
ڶƾ֣ȴʥ伶ɱҶЦˡ
ԪŦ˵ֻǲǰƾȴδϢ
Ҷ㲻аңֲǽ˺شҲ½ã绹δ֮ʡ
׽ס󣬾ʹҶʡ
ǡŦ˵ڶڴ˵ػľݵ㣬صÿǺáＸռ䲻ĥȴɱңǻñҪѹնɹӴȡ
лĻͲҪ˵ˡҶ˵ֻһ䡪лᣬԸԸŦһˣڶϣǳΪԪӦǿ壿
ڶϣұ֪㣡Ŧйâ˸ŦһҲǣ
ãҶ΢΢һЦǱɡ


72 ն
Ŧһ
ҶͷҽҶ㣬ǷڤһλȻȴ׳Ϊڤо֮ˡŦļȴƣڷڤ׳ԪӦΣ
ǵȻǺ¡Ŧ˵ҶȴУһЩǡ
Цˣտڰ׻ȻҡȸʱվˣȻ֪ҵı졣
ǣŦֱˬ˿ûзϡ֮һѾǽˣôֻܷԸˡ
ֻǳʶ˴˻ȱ˽⡣Ҷ˵վüģദɡ
ѩӰһһ㣬ȥ֮ȴһ֧
֧ǧ֮ڣΪҶĵϵǧ˶ӣһҶ֮ҶֱӻС񣺡СλԪӦŦϵĺúŦڶˣ
Ŧȴҡͷ֧޼ʣҪڶǳկ𣿡
ǡҶͷ
һŦ˵Ͼʥ伶ֻ׼ڶͷأ뽫ȫ
һƥҶ΢΢ͷʱоʿսǣŦ
Ŧ䣬һǾĲԭӣӼ֣Ҳɵͷ̾
㣬ҲԪӦˣ⡭ҶͥǰҶߵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԪӦҲͰһ飬ڵŦڶдȴ֮
֮ƣҶͥһ
׼ȷ˵ӦɻɡҶ˵ⲢǰҪ֮£ֻǵᣬˡ
мƽϱáҶͥһͷ
ҶĿһɨһ֣ӱҶŦǲԭӣֶԪӦг𣬱ͷ׽չЩϾԪӦˣǳʶȻΪȸжģҲҪЩʱ۲Ϊˡ
׽˼ˡһͷѾ֪ҶҪԼڹͬʱŦ
Ҷ˵֮䣬Ҳͣ٣һ·ǰȥӽɽȡҶһ֣ٶȻУԼһڵϵԼǧһĽɽ֮С
ڰ֮Уһ޴ӰȻ֣ȴǶӡҶѱʦһָָ֣ľկǽѱʦʱ⣬ָΧǽȥ
ҶѩӰȶУСĵǽϣǽѩӰ֮󣬲һͶ˳կ֮С
֣ҶѩӰʱһХȺõһ㣬ҲѱʦԸ׷ų˳կִصԪӦҶѩӰһ˳կţŵԪӦɱƻ
һڵϵǧʱԳųɱһľɱȥ
ҶѩӰկǽ֮ϣһ̧֣зϰٵĻ̽˳կܵΧǽʱΧǽ˻ǽֻһŻ
ת֮䣬կ֮ѾҳһţһԪӦľгӦͱڤɱڵء
ҶֱӱڶڵǼľݣȵǰλʥ伶ʿг
ӣңȥɱо׽ɣЧʹһŽ˹󣬰ӡҲһͬɱ¡
ңŦһ۷˹һ¾ͽһλڶʿײڵأһš߶ͻȻ֣Ҳһ𻥶ƸȴֻҰǴܡ
Ŧ֣伫Ȼץҧһʱʥʿ֪룬ҧһʹòҽ
ɴˣҲɿŦڶʵǺ޵˼㡣
λԪӦʥʿ˲סҶڶȥСڵƻͨڶɫںڣǻǵú˸סҶ㡣
Ҷ㣡ҧӿм֣ȻǷߺѼ
ڡҶ΢΢ͷ벻һ֮ɣ
ʹöСоڶغš
ս֮ϣֲǽ֮СҶһЦǽ֮УֻҪǹƽ䣬ﲻãѵֻƺңȴüԱû
ڶվͻȻһЦΪܺңƾʿѾվۣ֮һͿ԰ˣ
УƥȻ֣ȴߣǰһ·һ͸һ㡣
ȴԪʿʱ
ϱôҶҡͷжȻǿѹƣʵȴѾۿۡ㿴ⲻѾ˵Ԫ
Ҳ㹻ɱ㣡ڶţ͵طǰȴȫ׼ͷҶֻ΢΢һ˸գ˫֮䣬ֻһľǽߵķѡ
һ֮ҲˤڵأȴǽŲġ
ϾλǿߣҲϷŪ㡣Ҷ΢΢һ̾ǰսħߣһȭͷ˹ȥ
ڶֻǿֵ˼£ʱȭ֣ȫʮȭյڵϡ
Ҷȴδɱֻսħ𣬴档
ŦһɱеŦתͷһֻڶѾҶġУ۾ʱų
Ҷ˵
лŦţͻȻһгԼ֣һֳִ󵶵Ծ𣬵˸Ǻ䣬ֱ֣һնƶһ˶
ŦȴҲģЩˤҧͦסһսħ͵شһڶ塢
ڶǿ۾пŦȴϵãʶѵЦһ㡭Ǻˣ
㺦һңĥգȴ罫һԺ󣿡Ŧŭ𣬡ڶŦ֮Уѵһ𣿡
ŦϣڶһЦ㡭ʲô
ɱŦŭţƻӼ䣬ս󵶣͵һӣڶӱֱˤڵϣֻһͷ­Ասħץסͷš
ʱҶԾߴ۸ߺڶڶ˵ֿɱ⣬е߲ɱ
ڶЧ͵л֮ҶһڵϵҲ֮Ƭ̼䣬ϢѴկڶһսȴǽֻųկŴȥ˴޻𣬸赲ʱӿ
ʱڹӭǵģȴǧڤӣ
һʱ䣬ɽг˿µ֮أڶϵսʿһڹУɥڴˡ
ҶԳկ֮ɱβ׷ɱл֮£ڶ޿ɵֿ׷
գһ
սսȴնɱоǧˡ
㣬һ󹦰Ҷͥ޼ؽšܷ֮֮⽫⣡
磬͵Ҷ˵棬һл񡣡
סҶͥ΢΢ͷ͸ɱ⡣ǰѳֳݺ׵ĻʣҪȡͷ


73 Ŧ
һսնǧڣɻսǧƥǧջڶڱ߾ϵľݵ㣬ʵǴսһ
˴Žɻ֮ع֮󣬾вɻͬ죬칦ᣬҶ˲ĽǴС컹ǾʿƵƵٱɱྴһһ񡱵ؽš
ʱŦҶİ»˷ڤķװסˣȴԼҶң϶ȥϢҽΣһȻԪӦˣȴҲΪ
ҶھܻӭһҲмӣŦȴɸᶨ˸Ҷ㣬ǣŦҶ˵⡣
ϣɳ͢˴δݡ
Ҷȴδ˯£ǽŦԼӴڿ¡
кηԸŦʡ
ȴǸ˳ƺҶһЦ
ȫԳΪ˽УȴԲͬŦֱˬһЦ
ˣҶʡ
ѾŦ˵ҹˣټҩֻʣƤ֮ˣֱܷԸˡ
ҶԪӦ֮˽⣬ȴҲֻСҶ˵ԪӦˣܷϸҽԪӦ
Ե֪޲ԡŦһȭʱȷ֪޲ԣԪӦԪӦΡԼǿߣһһҶԪӦ˽һ
Ŧ֮ԣҶ㽥ԪӦڵΣƣǱǸ棬ãСڴ֮䣬ܷ֮ͼǿ֮ܺãȴʹԪӦľƸҡ
ҶԽԽ֮пΪı
һҹȥڶգҵ졣
˧͢δڶ֮ҲʱƽԪӦڡҶ㿪żɽ
ԪӦڣһ
ǡҶһͷҴҹµԪӦŦϸŦУ֪ԪӦڲҲͰһ飬֮ϡܺãȴҹд±ȽŦŦϣҲԪӦڲһöӣԱáԪӦ֪ҹҹȴ֪ԪӦսȴҪԴԭҲɿԪӦΣԷ¡
Ҳá˵ͷѶ⣬ǱȥɡҪٱ
һǧ£˧æտҶһЦֻЩˡ
Ƕʮˣһ漴Цˡȴˣ٣Ҳһ֧ȴһ֧Ӱ
һǻҶһЦԭ¡
ãȥɡ˵һǧҾ˽˵ġˣʱǧҲҪػ£㿴
Ҳڼ䣬˧ɡҶһЦָǡ
ҹҶԼһڵϵŦ·ţһ·ԪӦ
һ·֮ϣһԪӦ飬һ߹۲ԪӦɽòȴԪӦ˽һ˽⡣
һ·ϣҲճе֮ŦʹŦĹϲ֮࣬ᶨ˸Ҷ
˰£һǰ
Ŧһ֮أҲŦһĴ򡣡Ŧ̾ԡԭŦӵĴ򣬻ʮݳ֮أڡȴȫڶ̲ˡ
ڶϵɶ񡣡Ҷ㻺ͷ
Ŧ֮£һǰŵŦ˼зڤǰʱһŦȴ̰ӭ֮񣬽ӭ˳ڡ
һ·ǰŦһӦ֮󣬱ԳҶ˿֮С
ҶͥΪҶֳȻͬʱҲһ֮롣
֮ڣУһλʮĻͷ߶ϣλߣֱࡣҶҶͥ߱´Ƭ̼㽫Ŀ⼯Ҷϣסͷ֮⡣
λŦһŦҶܡ
һЦȭ֣ϷŦޡ
Ҷ㡣Ҷһ֡
ҶͥҶ֮ͥ
λò൱ҶءŦʡ
λǼ֡ҶһЦ
⼸λŦһϡŦһһҶλߣҶһһ񣬶Է΢Ц
Ŧ΢΢ͷʾº˷˲衣ԭϵ̲裬ζдţǷڤߡãϷﻹԷڤ˴򵽵ķڤҶ
ǰԭΪȲ衣ҶһЦȴں
Ϸϲ˵ֱˬˡŦ΢΢ͷҶʿŦҴŦһڴлһСʹڶ϶裬ŦߣȴǴ¡
ȴи£ҪŦ̸Ҷ˵
ŦѾ˵ˡŦ˵ҶڷڤڣƺҲʲô˵õɣУֻԶˮⲻ˽ʰ
һλϻͷڲԭҲŷڤ֮¡˵ڤȨģȴǻʵۣǻ¦ǡ
ҶֶŦȻм㣬ĺԣֻ˵˵ЦЦҲνҪšһλЦ
ֶҶ㿴Ŧʵһ
ҵ壬ܡŦ˵ʵҲ峤ֶ
û뵽ȴǾ˸Ҷ㲻ɵһЦ
ˡҶĿŦޣǷŦ뿪Ŧһʱȣʲôͬˣ
ŦһĿҶߵŦŦȴ֪Ҷ֮⣬ʱվһλŴ󵶵֣ƾˡ
⡭ŦĿһĹƺгˡ
ǵġŦһͷһ֮˷ҲŽ١
ŦһԸҺ׹ɴŦϡҶ˵
λϱ˴˶ӣۣȴҡͷ
˹֮ҲûСһλ˵
Ŧ˶ԿСǵĹٴҲôһλҡͷ
ҶطŸڤðɡһλ˵
ôʯأҶδϵŦ˾Ȼ֮Ȥ΢΢ü׳˵ڶջ
ʯΣ˵ǰһ
ļʯҶ˵ҿ԰ͼ۴Ŧϣͬʱÿ껹ṩӦһѵļʯΣ
λϻţĿŦ޵ϡ
⡭Ŧԥȴҡҡͷ
ҶʯȻǺö˵˶С˵ȴҲ̫ôҾǰͼǣֻҲ١һȴ粻ƷǮơ
Ŧһ壬ѵͲԪӦռһϯ֮𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼ롣Ŧ̾һʲô취ڻڣ¡
˵ţЦһ
ŦվһȭǴ²ɣұżԨ̶öҲ㱨
ҶϾжԭĺӣ֪ر֮£ҲᣬŦ֮ȴҪ𡣡Ŧ޿˿ŦתҶ㣬˵Ŧͬ⣬ҾżԨ̶Ҷʹա
лŦʱԳ֮ɫ


74 Ԩ̶
Ҷ⣬ŦŦֻǼȴûн͵˼
λΣŦѯǼˡ
׵ɣһλüҶϾǷڤˡ
ҿӦһλϵͷԭӣľǶԹǷ֮ծ
ŦѾһҶ⡭һλЩԥ
ŦԼıһλ˵ʱȴŦһ壬ΪҶɱڶΪ˱ı
Ŧһͷ±˰ɡĩϯϣҶԨ̶һаɡ
ǣĩĴʱһ
ҶͥҪ̸֮£ҶȴѾҡҡͷŦޱȭʩ񣺡л֮£λ˼
Ŧ΢΢ͷÿɷ
ҶɡĩϯϻҶȥŦҶߣ˵֮²ܼɡԨ̶ȴǺȥܽǴң
ȴʲôطҶһߣһߵʡ
ʥءŦСšλڼԨɽ֮С̶ޱȣʢ֮ʱϺýӽԻе̹ǣȴҲһʥءʱ䣬ʱԽþԽ죬ʵǱȼʯʥء
ԭˣ
Ҷ㲻и̾
û뵽ŦһȻСȴʥأֲöԼ֮ͼʯӦȫġ
Ŧ¶ɫ͡ǼԨɽȣʵʥأδɣȴҶ˵ֱʱš
⡣Ҷ㻺ͷ㲻ض͡
л⣡Ŧһ
ҶĩϯȴͣҶһ񡣡Ԩ̶ʥأƽʱʹʿҲпšΪĶ飬Уֳ
Ҷͥ΢΢һЦȴֻĲһˡ
㣬ȥɡҶͥһЦ֮ܵţõĻסԼܷٳ߸ͷһȴҪ
磬չ˺ֵǣŦϵĺúҲ׽Ҷ΢Ц
ĺˡҶͥȻ׵֮ܵ⣬ҪԼ˽ӽŦһĹϵ
ŦҲ°ɡҶתŦҸЩ飬ȴϤԭӦЩ
ǣŦæӦ
ҶڣĩϯϴʱǣתͷҶ㡣
磬һѩӰǰҶҶͥ˵
áҶͥͷȥʱһӰɳ۶ת۵ҶߣѩӰ
⡭ĩϯϺڳŦ˼ߴǣһ漴¶񣬾ȻѩӰʩ
뵽ԭ壬Ϊ𣬶ŦϵҲΪҶԴ˱㲻ˡ
ҶѩӰһŦУͶ˼־ء
ҶɡĩϯҲȥҶѩӰںţһ䣬תۼͳ˲ԭϡ֮󣬽һƬɽתת֮䣬һɽ֮С
յȿڣʮŦսʿ˳ĩϯϣʱʩ
ҷ֮Ŧ϶ˣڤҶաĩϯϳ˵ǼҶ
Ҷʮǰʩһ˷һ֮ľʱͬĺڡȻɽڲаڣԴ˷ʽ硣
ɡĩϯһЦҶڱǺأֺܲ䣬ԻǲΪá
ҵܣɷһͬڴҶʡ
ֲˣȻԡĩϯϵ˵ͷ
ǰ·ҶѩӰں棬֮󣬽ɽӳһڵòյĴˮ̶ǰ
һˮ̶ʱһɺ͸Ƕ룬Ҷ㾹Ȼɴ˸սæħԿǺ⣬ȴǲ룬̲ס
ĩϯҲǶ²ֹ˵ҲʼҶ˴ʥءԨ̶ˡܲסԶ̶ɡܣɸӽ̶ߡֻǲҪ̰Ĵ̶ˮ򡭡֮ǡ
ãҶֻ򵥻ӦһѩӰ
˵ؼǺ䣬Χľ̲ȴïʢ·ֲﲻԲܺӰ죬ܴȡһ㡣
̶ʵ򵥡
Ҷðź̶΢΢ͷ˿ѩӰֻһëǣﾹȻҲ˶£һЦͷ˵ܲס㵽ҡ
ѩӰȴǿվһȴȫǺԿ
ĩϯϴʱҲҶ㣬Լ˴ݺĵطĿʼȻҲϧڴ˵Ļᡣ
ҶˣҲѰ˴ط£ǿź䣬
ڴ˵Ҫȴ졣Ǻ֮Ͻ͸˵壬˸оʱܻᱻһű飬ȴܾ
Ҷ΢΢üڵħӿ֮ʣսħѾħз˳ԭҰϿա
ħ֮ջһ飬⼫֮һ顣ҿսʤǰߣȻսʤߣ
Ҷ־ᶨƣʹһߣֻĥľȴǽسһʱ̼䣬ȴǲĳ֮С
ֻһ뺮Կһ߼о
ˣһ֮ҶȴоԼħֶԿ֮УȻٵǺҲӦһʹĥؾȫ״̬֮С
ϲޱž޲˽һֿ״̬
ѩӰѾͦܲסʱȴҧҧȥ
ʱĩϯȴѾ۾ŶվȻܲסܼˡ
Ҷ㣬ֻҶȻѾ˼ž״̬ɴʧɫȻôܣǿ˳εԨ̶ҲҪʱ䣬ס䣬֮Сȥʥ伶Ϊôһյ˾
Σȴ˼·Ҷ㣬ĩϯ̲סǰԷȥձԥƬ֮ûô
ܲס뿪
̶ϣֻʣҶѩӰ
֪֮䣬һʱҴҶҶѩӰ϶һ˪һһ·Ѿʯһ㡣
ʱҶ־ȫԭҰ֮УȫħźʹͬʱȴӦԼħڲϵԭҰħеһط⣬ʼ΢
һλǿħҶڿиħĪҲΪ⺮Ҫһչ֣ǣɣ
ãħȴֻǷ⡢𶯣ûнһı仯Ҷ㲻΢΢ü
ѵ˵̼ãұ㽫ǿɣ
Ȼ䣬ʵеҶ۾վһ˪ƬƬѡ䡣
ǰȻź̶ȥһУȥ
̶֮ˮû
ʱԭҰеҲɱɫףϽһ˪ۿҪΧһű顣
ȴ£ΪԼӦħеħѾҪ֣
ֻҪħһ⺮̶͸Ǻ䣬ҲΪ壡


75 ħ
ޱߵĺҶ㳹֡
Ǵ̹ǵĺ֮ǰڰʱȣֱͺөȡǺ˲͸ҶȫѪ⣬ʹһԼҲҪƬ̼䱻סĸо
Ҫ⺮зһУİߡ
䣡
ǿܾ񣬰ǺʹĥһԣԭҰڿգ˫йâ
ˣΪĲǳ٣ǱøǿҪΪǿǿԶԿЩ޳ܵǿУΪѩƽԩ
־ܣȻ䣬һֱڶŵħȻ죬˲һħӰݶħѳԭҰ߿֮ϡĳ֣ԭҰ¶Ȼ½ޱ羹Ȼʱ˺磬ѩ
ħһ˪ף˪Ʈ졣Ǳѩɫһɫ۾źâƺע˭˭Ҫⶳɱ
սħħͽұħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ɳƲصţҶʱоȫ죬ȴٲǺӰ졣
ʵ֮УȴѾһǺ̶иƬ̼䣬Ǳѳϸмɢһ
Ȼ䣬ں̶ۣ֮һƬ֮ˮȴ¶˻ĵЦݡ򰶱ߣһԾˮڵϣȻһıˮˮȴ˪ಢδоٺ䡣
ħ𣿡Ҷ䣬Ѿµħ
ħ֮ӿƴԶʤսħⲻʹҶʥ֮ʤȡ
籾û¶ȵı֮ǴůգȴҲǵޱߺ֮еһԴѡȲܱ鼰棬ȴ㡣
ˣ籾ʵʥˣȴ֪ǸΪǿ
ʤȣʤȡҶ㷴仰΢΢ͷҽղŸһħ֮ʤսħ⼫Ԩ̶ҵһãʵ飡
򰶱ߣʱѩӰҲͻ𡪡ԭȫ˪ǵʱ˪Ѿѵ䣬зһĹâסǼԨ̶ͻȻ͵һԾУ·ǿҶס̶飬ԼҲҪһһ㡣
Ҷ㲢ûֻǾؿţʱ׼ȡ
ѩӰ뺮̶֮УسظһʼǱӽӲ֮ȴֽرȻǺ̶пٵζһȦһȦ·Ϸˮһ㣬Ļϲ֪ƣ롣
Ҷ㿴þȣڰ߾עţٲ
ϵˮظˡһں̶ԣȴů֮һ㣬ȫ޺֮С
ѩӰȫûΣգһı㰲תħȴʼһ
似
ħȻѾΪԼãηӣԼﻹûһ֮ôʱ䣬⺮̶ȴôĥħ֮ǿԼԼӦħħ
ˣʱҴҶ䣬յʱҴҶ
գĩϯӽ̶̧ͷһȴǴһֻҶһ£ں̶ߣޱߺ֣ȴ·ůһ㣬ȫκθоɾĿࡣ
̶ȥ͵һֻѩӰں̶֮л쳩ΣȻͬͨĽˮϷһ㡣
⡭ĩϯϵ۾ֱˡ
ѩӰϰɣʱѵǸˡҶͷĩϯһЦתˮи˵
ѩӰʱһˮһԾ˰ߣȫϵıˮҶ˿ԱߣĩϯȴŵôһԶԶض㿪ȻǱˮԼϣԼˡ
ɴ˿ɼǱˮжô䡣
ѩӰϵˮػһʱоӿĩϯϾȶӣ̲סʥ伶
յĺ̶൱伶ѩӰȴʥ伶ĳ̶ȣ
ҪлҶ΢Ц񡣡ź̶ѩӰҪﵽ־磬»Ҫܾá
ġĩϯ𾪵ü֪˵ʲôãֻǵͷӲػشҲ֪Ϊ𾪣Ϊʵ̫䡣
ĩϯϣɡҶ΢Цһָ档
롭롭ĩϯľȻͷҶѩӰȥ
һɲһָо⺮̶ŦκһˣȴҶ㡣
ɻ˻ͷٴζҶѩӰȴ˸ĸо
ֻҶѩӰƺ⺮̶ѾΪһ壬ҶѩӰ⺮̶ķһ㡣
ǹ£
뿪˼Ԩ̶ĩϯҶѩӰȥ
Ŧ޺Ҷǰȭ񣺡лżԨ̶ѩӰ̶е࣬պɣزꡣ
Ŧ޿Ҷ㣬ȴһľȡΪƾǿߣȻóҶѩӰϵı仯ѩӰȻֱһӵʥ伶Ȼ˾̾ϾޣᲢۡ
Ҷı仯ȴȡʱֻҶȫԼ̺һܱһеĺ·ǸϤļԨ̶Σǰһ㡣
̸ʲôꡣŦޱϾһ֮ȴƬָ̼򶨡ⱾǶҶıӦġ
˵⻰ͬʱȴġҶ㿴ȻǸ˲õһԾ𣬳ΪĿǿߡŦһ壬ǷӦδ֮ǽأ
ٿɡ
Ŧаšڤлһλ˲õ¦ǴڣҶܴӹһ٣֤ա
ڣŦϿƾŦҶʼձϵȴҲʱ֮
ΪҶģĿǰҲڴˡŦ޻˵ΣҶԶѡ֮δ֪Ҳ
Ҷ㣬΢ЦȴѻҶĴˣȻҲ˼
һ죬ǱػΪߴɽ壬ڷڤԪӦҶ㻺ϡ
ãŦ޲ɵͷޡͽҶһ伪԰ɣ
漴ȴҡͷһЦֻڡ徳أҶҲѿȴˡ
޷ҶЦŦһΪҿʥأҽҲȫ
΢ЦעӶԷȴٶ˵ʲô
Ҷкδ㣿Ŧʡ
ҴԪӦأԪӦ硣Ҷ˵
ҶҪСġŦ޶ԪӦڣÿ嶼Ŧơ
лѡҶһ
Ŧ޺ҶԼһڻϡ˶оҶƺ֮ǰͬΣȴֿѩӰı仯ȴ˿ɼ˲ɶ̾
ŦĸҶ㣬ȴδ򣬶ǽŴҶһˣԪӦȥ
вգбһӰͶ£ȴǷڤѶ
ǿ׺ݣӥ಻֮һԽΪ֮󣬱иӦǧܳ;ᣬ˷ڤбΪ֮áҶ뿪ʱһֻ񣬴ʱзųȴڲԭ֮Ѱ
һǼ¡Ҷͥ˵Ȼ˧˷һεĴŻᡣ
ȷǼ¡Ҷ㿴ϴżɫأͷ²Ǻ¡


76 ڽһ
ôҶͥҶɫأҲŵ༸Ҳɴ˹
˧˵Ҫһص۶ʻҶ˵
ʻҶͥһ֮⡣
´ߣ͢Ӧз͡ǷڤˣҲǽƹĽ٣ڳϵЩ¶ףʱ̲סߡδзͣȴҪʻȻǺ¡ҪСġ
¦ҪԹӲЧһü
֮ҪӪ˵Ҷ˵ֻ¶ԷץסѱһͶ֮
ǸңСһͼˡǹڤôʤǷҪӣ
ǻͲ¡Ҷ㵭һЦ̽ԪӦ֮ԺУȽ˴˵ɡ
һתͷű߾ȥһ·ڻصţ֮СһӭӣֱӽҶ˧֮С
˧龿ΣҶʡ
ʥϵּ⡣˵ǻĸΪƣһǽְ񣬵ȨȴԶԶҡǺܿش£Ҫ㡣
˧кδ㣿Ҷʡ
ҲϢѹøˡ˵͢Ǳ֮Գٳٲ·Ϊסɱ˧£óڳֳɣֲ¡˴ξص۶Ҳʥϵ˼ǻ´ԭܹʹİСҾɾֻܾҪʥּȻòҲȥ
ˡҶͷ
ҶΣҶ½ԪӦŦһֻǼҪܣֻ˵Ŧһ廹ԼõĹϵѾ
ԪӦУΪҾѰһ·ӦǴһ첻ɸп˲ţ͢ãǿǡ
͢ȻáҶһЦȴֻȥ
ΪҶ󽫾°ɣʡ
ǡҶͷҸ˳𲻹죬޻Ϳܡ
Ҷϣվһߡ˵ڹ㽨֮׳ҷڤԿҵ㣻˽ɱϣҾ֮оҵ൱㡣
лҶ֣عֶ켱æ
ۼܵܽһλȡ˹ҶͥɴΪϲЦȫչϣһӾȴһ˴ڵس˴֮С
Ŀ׶񣬴һ佫Ĺٷ˵г˲мһ߸ϵӣ
ʱһü´ˣϾҵ˧ɣҲͨһ͡
Ȼ¦ĸơʱҲһ£һ֣ˣ֪Ҵ֮ܳ͢Ҷص۶ʻҶڶ飬ȴ֪ͨңʲô˼
֮͢Ҷ㿴ƣһЦĸ͢
󵨣ĿתסҶ㡣Ҷ㣬⻰Ǻ˼
ҲЧˣǸ
Ǻˣҳ賯͢٣۷׹⣬ס˷Ч͡
ʱȴԼױʹ˸ɫױʱȥ
Ҳǹ٣ܡЧ
´ˡվЦ˵λҶҴԿԪӦĽú
£ôɲʲôúһ±й¶С£Ƶۣ죬֪֪ƾһͿһ
챾ǺƢˣҲ߷ߵ˵Ըɣ
´ˡҶ㿪ڴ˶˵һȭȻǷ˳֮͢뽫ʥּȡɡ
ʥּЦһССĽص۶ʻʲôʥּо·飬Ѹ쿴ˡ
Ȼûʥּˡĩܴص۶ˡҶ΢Ц
󵨣ֵۣҲӾĵҪ췴𣡡
ƽʱȻȻӦҶ㻺˵ʱȴɡ˴ҾжԪӦؽ磬⵽ԪӦбϮи˧ϣǹԪӦбıԸҾ룬˵ҲԪӦͽھֻҪ亦ԣֻʥʥּңҲŻص۶
󵨣Ǵ󵨵û߶ˣƱȴûסκˣ˿͸ֻǸʹֽϻûʲô汾¡
ھлɱ˧Ѿ˲֮ӣԪӦڲ飬֮ͨӣȻҲĵǲ㱾ףƾ⿹һ㣬Ҳʱһλż׾ͻȻڡ
һȴǾ˵˵ϣ˶⾫Ŀ࿴
Ŀˣȴ΢΢һ
Ҷȴ֪ΪᷢΪʱҶҲѾӦϵѾˣ˵ҪȽϵĻơ
˵ĻǸԪĸ֡
Ҷ㲻Ҳһ
һλ˲õĸ֣ôӵĴ磿ҲԪ𣬾Ȼͬӻ
ɻ֮ʣȴعͷݺݵǾһۣǾɫľȻҲơ
ʱתͷȳ⡣Ҷ㣬ƾֿһұ
˭ҪҶʱһȴǵһΪҶȵĽ󲽶롣һλλн룬ȴԶеĴ뽫˹
ҪʲôüĿ׺Ҫ췴𣿡
췴Ȼǲҡ˵˽ʲôĪеͷҪĹЩ˿ɶӦ
ԣһڽŭĿӣҲЩԲס̲סˡ
´ˡ󽫾ǰһĿעơ˵˴ǰҪҶص۶ʻ
Ƶͷ
Ҷڴ˴Զ֮Уͻ󽫾˵˵ܹߵô˴ݣȫûпܣ̽ԪӦһؾݵ㣬ʹҾټߵǧƽ˴˵ر߻˲ţּͣ͢ôȴҪʻ
ٽŽ˭ΪҾ
й֮òͣȴҪܷʲô
⾿ʥϵ˼Ǳʲô˵˼һﶤ˶ԷҪһڽʱ׷
Ƿʥּڣ
ǾȻӲȴѾˡû뵽ҶھоȻߵȫپȻվҶһߡ
£ҲҪܵʥ𷣵ģ˵
󽫾ͷҲҪʥϣΪҷڤľԪӦ˵ľ˴ҾԪӦܵԪӦ˷ѱҲԪӦ˹ᡣ˴ΣҪҶ˵ǵĲ²ⲻ
´ˡʱҲҶߡ£һϱ͢һлǵʥɣ
ǶҪˣšãҲҪϱ͢ʥ֪һȺʿε죡
˵һ˦䣬Ȼôȥˡ
λԪľྫȥʱĿҶɨ
ҶԼоһɱ⡣


77 д
ƻصΪŵľסһű㽫һߵ÷顣
´ŶҶʹɡľУһλ΢΢һЦЦг˳
Ƕ¡һ֣Щȥһλȴ
ˣһ㡣ߵǰ˫ۡүǸµġʲôиף
סǱΪ˵һͷ
׾ͺá˵Ȼƾĸ֣㲢ǳ͢ˡһˣòҪڳ͢¡
˻ҶֻȴҪһ亹˭뵽һʵƻˣȻȴλƾĸ֣
ֻǼ´˵ʱǾȡһЦĲں
ȣƵɫЩ仯ŭ
ˡ˵סˡȻ㼶ҸߣȻҪٳҪٳĹ¡үң㵱װɣ
ס˵ͷҲŻʱ˿ڣΪǽ֮
һҪлˣƺһ
֪˽ôת˻⡣
Ҷ㣬ȻǸɫüүµ֣֮ûʰȴû뵽ȫ쾹ȻվҶһߣǿˡ
˷ǰɡ˿ƣ˵
áһ˼ȴһҡͷı֣ҵİȫˡȷʵѾвްصƾ֣ǰɣ
ǡ˵ͷ
Ǿͺá˵ȥɣһҪϸĥĥ
΢Ц֣˳ȥĿıӰֱ뿪һ˻ʲô˼Ҳ֪Ǽү㣬Ӷλߣ氵һҪ䲻㣬ȴҲԪĸְ
˵ţ¶һ⡣
үİɡĿֻǳҶ㣬ôųǰųȴûʲôֱˡ
˧֮ڣһڽ첢ûȥΧסҶ㡣
Ҷġ˵ΣǶȫ㡣
ֻҪʥϽּ㲻ᡣ󽫾˵
ôأȴûʲô⣬ֱҶ㡣
ҿҪΰɡҶ˵뻳Ŀǳȥңұ¶Ҫɴ¡ƲȥǺȥ
ӵ˼ǡЧһüǼһᰵ¶֣
пܡҶͷҲһλָߡ
ˣ֡˵ҲԪĸ֣Ȼǳ͢ˣ֣ҵȻӦϤ
ǳн٣Ͷ¦𣿡ЧЦһһû׼ǴࡣҲΪƵˡ
ôô죿ҶͥеšҶ׸磬ҶһعģҲ͸һݵǡ
СķžˡҶ˵ֱգǶ֣ȴǸһõĻᡣ
ˣЦ
㲼֣Ǳߵһһţ󽫾һظ
Ҷȴһ֣һֻ·˾裬ٱѰԸң벻δⱻɾӣֻɡ
аգ첻ĵʡ
ҶЦˡ
ȻС
ҪСİǲġԸǵİ㣬ɲ֮ǰԸԪӦˡսϣнʿ
Ҳû̫𡣡ҶͷԻӱСġ
˾ͺá˵ͷתڽҹ𣬷ٽҶ֮죬ҹ˯ʵ¶ԣһʲô䣬Ҫʱ֧ԮҶ
ǣһڽ칰Ӧ
͸λˡҶ˹ֶ򽫾ȴЦҶʲôΪЩܷڻ֮䣬˵ȡδˡΪôʲô
˲ɶЦˡ
Ϊƻɣ˲δپۣԷɢع鵽Լĸλ֮ϡƣڰҹʱѾ䵽ƽֻ֮ǱЩǹš
ʱҶ㾲ϣȴǷĶãһ˼뵽ԭҰ֮һ˼ȴ棬ϸĶ
˷Ķãڳ˿ȴȻЧۿۣҶȴͬ෴ʱȴԼĸйΪҪϾעŬάϵ棬õ˸Ķȴߡ
ˣ־һʱϰԼʱĽȴƽʱר֮ʱһ޶
ɴϲΪһʱصطΪʵежҲΪʵеж
ȴһĽ
ţȴͻȻӦʲôԡ
ǲʲôζӰζֻһֵĸо
ôˣЦƣҲ̫ס˰ɣãԼԹˡ
ţȴͻȻԼһ΢춯ȴǴֽƿһ˴ߡȴֻֽմʪ󻺻ͱһϸϸţһлƮ˳
ã
ҶĿһϲݵˣȻд֮ʱʹôַȻ˽¾Сõ㡣
а֮࣬ȴҲɿЦһԼǧ㣬ȴû㵽˻޳ֵܵزǧȴûҪ㡣
˯֮ʱ룬ȷ˯øΪﵽԪʱǿޱȣٲԲ֣ǼĶҩҲ˺ССȫ÷Ҳûд󰭡
ʱţȴǲú£ȫԱ롣ߣսħĻ֮ȫٻ١
һҲ֪Ȼ֡
ҶʱƵߣסһš֮ѾӣƮš
ʱȥһ߲ƶСɫôͻݾߣʹû˲ƵĻᡣ
ƼȻ¦ǵĸ֮ȥض¦ʹʹ֮£Ҷ򲻻
֮ȴһа׵ж˴ڵ˨ľ˽ƿͻȻһԾ롣һֳִ󵶵͸װϣʾԪֵݡ
Ҷڰǳֵȴ죬ԭȻŦʥ
棬ƻһ֣ҶȴȷǳĴȫӦ棬ȴδӦڰԵѩӰʲôˡ
ֻһ
ҶԼоЩԡ
ʱѾŴ齶ñαװġҶ㡱͵ն˹ȥ
˭ⶼҶֵʱ
ҶٲȴͻȻԴ߰ӰսħȻߣֱ̧˱ǹ˺Ĵȥ
ħȻǿ󣬵Ҷ㻹δȫʹȴսħս࣬Ӧ֡ڴ˽Ҫ֮ʱȴǲ˳
ȵʱ˱Ĵȥ˴ʱҲ˸Ӧ֮·͵תƣʥĴ󵶱նڱǹϣһ֮˸ԷֿȴҶһײǽϡ
øթ̲֮סŭһҶƵ
ҹ㺦ˣȴ˵˼թҶһЦ»޳ܵÿԡ
ɣһٿȻϣʥĴ⣬һ»԰ĹӰҶɨ


78 ƾ
Ե⣬ҶӦ֮ȻԪȴԶһԪ֣ӦѾﵽԪ۷壬һ츳ֻùʲôҩ۷弶Ԫָǿ֡
˿Ҵ⣬սħ͵ؽǹ˳ȥֱơ
ƼǹƣҲҴ⣬ʱһתһƬ»԰ס˱ըǹ
һ֮УǹȫǵԺ÷飬Ҳɾ޴ôһ˳ȥײһǽˤڵϡ
ȴδˣغһ͵һԾֳһĨ֮ɫ
ΪҶ֮ܶһ٣սΪڶǿ߻ֱʱ֪ԭҶ㱾Ҳǿˡ
ʥ伶Ȼĳַ֮ﵽԪԪǿߣӦûŶԣôо֮ϣ
˹Ȼã
һҧҪǰűը֮ǰȻɱҶ㡣
ʱһȴ˸սţޱߵĺ㽫ΧԪĸ֣Ҳⱻ⺮͸ǣ˼¡
ʲô
Ȼ䣬ҶѾԼҶǰһȫű˪ףƮű˪ġǡɢޱߵĺ·ܷⶳһеı֮ʡ
ھҶһƻħʱƳһƣֱƴȥ
ɱƴһʥ͵ӿһеĴϵǿĵʹȥ·ͻȻ
һƣʥǾ޴ĵʱնƣһʱмҷɣ¡
Ȼ䣬ǵݺն䣬ŷмһ¹ԣӭ˱ħһơ
ʱħҲ仯˪Ϊһֶǵײһʱҷ裬Ҳݺúһ䷿ӣ˺顢ţɢܡ
ײ֮˼վȣʱħȴѾϣһƴȥǺ˵ƣȴֻеֵ֮޻֮
鼱֮£һʱֳλָ֮£űħȥȻħֻ⼸ƣɢλ֣Ƕٻ޷γв
ʱһӰѾȻһԶ˵սƲͷȥȴһֻ޴İɫԼ
ѩӰ
Ƭ̺ҶͥЧ͡ӡŦС˪ҲѾλΧ룬ȴֻ֣Ƕƿ
Ʋһ亹
ЩоȻλʥ伶֣ټһѩӰȴλʥ伶֣˵Ҳȫ伶ʵļµһ
ˣԶзɱ֮ȴһλλн֮Ҳ
ʧˣʧˣ޺޵ֹšû뵽Ҷһ˽ƻȻһɱȴͲ壡ƹǿѹү˼ɵ
ļ£Ȼȴȫ·磬ԼоҶʱɽԼܡ
ˣ͵شںδң
Ҳ񣡡ڴʱһЦţԶӰ֮һӰɰһʿףһͷڷз裬ϸĿ֮ȴź⣬ȴǾλ֣ˡ
󵨴̿ͣȻҷڤӪд̣ﵱ٣ʱţ󽫾һ߳ʵǷɱ˹ȥ
Сɫվһȥ΢΢һЦһ˦֣һλż֣һȭ󽫾֧飬󽫾Ҳһˤ󷽣Ȼ˲ᡣ
ǿһУһݺϣʱһλ׵˫趯ȥȭ꣬У˻ȥ
ݺᣡ
У۷Źâӭˡ
ҲСɫѡֻЦͻȻǹһλǹ۵һӣʱǹ۳һǣ˲һ졣
ֶΣһȭȥһȭ֮ϡ
ʱһ촫ȴ챻һײ÷˳ȥˤڵϡ漴һǱȻδ̫صˡ
ƾ֣Ȼˣ̲סһ
ţҲɶʧɫ˭ҲϲƵĻȻȴһλ߳һƾ֣
ĸ֣ȴĵƵĻ⡭ʵǳ⡣
֪̫ˣ˳ЦһҶ㼲ȥ
Ҷü󳷣ϵȴһˡ
ǱǱԼɱжտԨʯ¦ǲ¡¡
Ȼ˵Ϲͬһ߲ͬ¦£ֶҶײϣδ̫ɺˡĽͣȴ뻪ʲôϵ˴ȴרΪ֮¶
¦ǴˣҰޱߣסһǿ׷ԼȻҲһֶΡƾĸͶػ踻ٻߵλ򲻻ͬһһԪʿĻ
˻ƾ֮Ͷ¦ǣȴֻƵһֿܣ
һ˲Զ׷¦ǣֻʱϣΪ±˳ͻ뿪¦ҲûҪʲôֶ£
¦ǶԴвģ˹ַʽҲܳеͣô¦һἫΪίΡ
ǵڶֿܵĻ˾;ǵ֮Ϊ¦ǵצֻ»¦绢
˼ת֮䣬Ҷһϵʱһ֣ǻµʲôˣ
ѵ㻹ǵͣסŲЦһҵıܡ
ԭˡҶһͷ
ʲôɱʱţҪҶ㣬ȴѾһӭơ
󵨴̿ͣҾӪдҾ죬ڤ𣿡ţɱȥ
죬£һ沼ˡ
̣үأųһȭȥ
ˣôУڵ죬ȴҲֻ֮֡
˧㣡һڽӵϣʱΧס
ˣƼô
ˡҡͷһЦһǱ߶ȥ
Ķֲ𣿡Ҷħʱ˵ȥ·ס
ԻɱΪұܱ𡣡˵Ҳ´ʧ´˿үĸɱүĹǵġ
⻰˵Ϊľڽ֮ġ˵صһڽ죬Ƿ¦ǵں
ʲôˣֻ˴Ӫɱ˵ԪӦ̿ͣţøˡ
һȺ󱲣ңЦ
ҶЦ
ڴ֮ʣѾ͸˴ˡ
˲ǵΪҪͶ¦ǣڴʱȫȥơ
ʵǿֶ̡ίȫߣ¦צΪ£
Ҷɱʱţħǰ˫һ˪


79 ħ֮
ԱħĹȴ⣬һת֮ƻǹתΪһǣ׷׽ڱħϣħƻ⣬ҲҶؿڳƣȴûѪ
ƾֵĶԻССˣǼĽɴˣҲħ֮ǿ
üһҲɵͷޣȴʱǰڽս֮УȭƽˣƵΧ
죡ƴţ㹫Ȼڽɱʹ췴
ʲôʹţֻһɱҾ죡
ཫŴУ׷׹ǰ
һȺں֮ڡЦţ͵һԾգһչâʧһȫۣ棬ȴԡ
չʥ󣡡
һȼ䣬һ𣬷·һĺһ㣬˲佫Ǻ֮Сһʱ䣬ֻȫһ㣬ĿֻǷ֮Կȴ޷֡
Ӳɾһ˵ķ񾳽ֻѾﵽԪĸְ
֮ͬһ㡣ѰҲãҲãҲãֻܷӳ似ǿ似Ҳͬʱôʿս֮ʱǿУҲֻһһػɱһЩдɱ似Ҳ߶еͬѹķȴͬһó˶ܵͬĹʱҪ֧ȴǸΪµĴɱ
֮ҶһħʧսħʱߣֱһӼ䣬ħ֮צȻ֡
ɲǼ䣬Ǿ޴ħצֱӳ˺У͵һգǴʱѿѳƬʧڿС
ñ죡еĿһסҶ㡣
ʱһڱΧסĽȴˣ쵹ã˵ȣʥ伶󽫾ţ󽫾Ҳ˲ᣬһ巢̣϶ˡ
ÿ˵۾Ǻˣһʱﲻ壬λභпɣ˻ٶȴһˡ
һڽҶһߵϵʱԾһڽ커ס
ҶһöĲҩʱ˳˹ȥ
˵һǿȴԭƴȫʹ˿Ҷ㣬ЦϧүЩĲݣҪ͸ԪӦȴС˱
˵ţĿһ͵Ҷ
ұɱ㣬үտԨʯı
ˣΪȣۿҶĵϵԼ˹ʱԪ۷壬ֵ¦ʹҩʯԪ֣Ҳ⣬֮ǰȴǱҶ˴ˣδֱηˡ
㣿ЦˣһүΪү
ˣʣܻţȴʱ˰Χ޷
̣죬ؼʱ㹻ݡҶ㿴˻ͷôȨ±ضҡһ¦ѾˣҲצ
ôЦѷչʥһɢʱǺ󣬽С
ʱҶоΧʹԼۣޱߵԼҪԼڻ
ȣȴַǻ֮ȡǵ޿赲ȴչ֮ȣԾսħ֮޷Ҷ㡣
෴սħȴȣҵȼһȴӾҶħģѹ
æ˱ħıħУսħʧħ֡
ħһ֣ɢĺҶһı˪Χţ·ǻףǺչâ˺
ǻˣЦǿϧȴδ㷢ӳӦ֮֮£ǻӦ֡Ҷ㣬䶨ˣ
δءҶ䣬ĿȻ޷ҫ۵Ĺд͸谭Ѱ˵ӰйȴظӦΧǳҰ޵Լ׽һ˿˿ʱǰһȭ
һȵĺӿħȭͷ˪ֱһȥ
ĸӦһչʥ͵һգ֮䣬ǻ۳ŻΪǣűħȭͷӭȥ䣬ħ
ҶˣؿڳƣʹѡǿסΣٴλȭǰȥħ֮˪֮ȭһȭһȭǰȥ˻Ӷ˫ƣ㲻Ϸųǡںײţһʱмǹҽ
Ľ֮УƵȴҶ㡣ڲϵĶײ֮£һˣͬʱչʴǵĹ˫۱飬ؿڳ֮ʹޱȣѪ˿˳Ȼˡ
ڲħħתţҽĴˣͬʱҲڣ˵Ĵս˺ĺ󣬵ҶȴҲԷһ͹ˤȥ
ֱڵһţ㷭ǿվΡ
˽Ŀ׺͸ȴšЦϾϲڵĻҳ
տԨʯ˵ôҿԱ㲻
㣿ҶЦˣָɨȥǵѪ˿̧ͷϿ
㿴ʲôʡ
㴵ţɵҶ
Сң˲Ǻܿġ
ȴǸ߿ԼҶ˵¦ǰ㲻һ߹Ϊƾһ仰Ϳ¦Ǿɱ֮ģ档ЦЦΪһںԡ
ѿ֮ʲô¡ЦҾʬѰɡ
Ȼ˫裬ǹڿнһž޴ǣ͵Ҷ
ҶоԼ˶ѾҲܲһУȴֻӲ
Ȼһ޴ʽδϢѾѹ˴ǹǿΧ裬·һֻ޴֮ǺҶҪûС
ƴˣҶ͸ޱɱ⣬ħսħ͵֣߳ӶֱۣʱҪʹһħ֮צ
ʵԪ֣ʥ伶ʿȻͬʱʹһҶȴǽ֮ﵽԪȴǲͬʱʹöħһжҲֻһһˡ
ڴˣ˶֣
һתȻҪԱħħ֮ڡħɲǣҶԭҰԭӦûعħڵıħȴͻȻŭĺħʱҵ
Ȼ䣬м˲佫ҶԭҰǧƮѩĶ֮硣
ħ·ΪҶؼʱ̷սħ˵𣬾ȻŭһʱԭҰ֮пͷųޱߵɭƺҪأ
Ҫʲôɲ֮䣬Ҷ㲻ɷֳһԭҰ֮УűħѵҪҽڴ𣿡
ñħϴڣħڴˣ֮ħţ˫зɭĹâıħҲҵ·ʱεضһ㡣
ͻȻһ촫֮䣬ħӿɭɭʱԭҰҶһҲʱǺⶳٲܶ
Ұ
ڴΣʱ̣Ҷ鲢ң϶һ
Ǽᶨ޽־͵ػΪһע뵽Ͽħ֮ġʱħ֮󶯣ħݺἤ͵һħֱ£˱ħϡ


80 仯
һħ£ħʱȫһԭҰϿˤȥݺݵ˵ϣ鲼ԭҰһƬ˪ʱʧȥ˿ƣ͵תڿγһ˪硣
סҶһޱ־ʱħ֮磬Ǿ޴ؾ֮Уħݺסһ͵һ³ҶǰֱײҶϡ
ʱһͬպ̶ҶڣֻǱ鲼ԭҰı˪֮ƺԼΪһ壬Լħʱ˶ٵسɳϵͻԭصļޣմﵽһ۷״̬
Ǳ˪֮δþڡ
ͻȻ䣬һ촫ӦʲôȻ飬Լɱ
ϣˤıħվ·ٿУҶ㣬ȴٿ񱩣ǻһ˪֮Ҷ㡣
֮񼼣ã
ɳƵԱħ
ʱȭħħսħħԸԵħзвħԽԽߣħ֮·
ħ֮ڣħڶע뵽ڡĿɨ·ħڣΪףħᣡ
ɲǼ䣬ħɢҫ۵Ĺâ벻ħΪһ塣ȭħħսħͱħͬʱŸ߿еĲħͷ룬·ʩ
ʱʵ֮еҶ͵ֱͦӣޱ߾ӿ𣬻һС͵ķ籩սħȻԱǿڿУħȴҲͻȻ֣ҶΪһ壬·һ͸ףҶϡ
һеı仯ֻɲǼɣڿе˿ȴҶ΢һ仯
ܣУ˾С
ǵģڳ˿ǾܵģΪһҶ㾹ȻͻȻʥ伶Ԫ
ħ֮צ
һУһħצݺݵüͷ壬͵ؽһֻһתһһ޴бֳһ뻯ΪǣƳ𣬺ݺײħ֮צ
ʱϵҶȴͻȻһԾ˲Ѿ˵Ͽգһӿ˲Ϊ޴ı˪֮ħһ
һƬޱߺʱն䡣
ʱԭҰ֮Уħе͵طֱӴħ֮ڡħ֮ħݺᣬħ׺ϵغУ̬ط˱仯һħصϣ岻ϱ󡢷վȻγһͳһĽΡ
ʱħ֮磬ΪһҶڣγһһ޶Ľˡ
ʱҶӦ˱ħ似͵شһ̤
˲䣬һºݺȥֻ˪Ų㺮˺ݺݲȥ
񻯳ɵΣҶһ£Բ˻ȥ
һʱ䣬ͬʱȻԪĹȴҲΪͷʹ͵˫۷亮һת䣬ʣµǻǱ˪㡣
ɲǼ䣬Ƿֱħצ̤似ײһ𣬶ʱĺ졣һʱ䣬ݺᣬΧ˶̲ס˶£о㽩Ӳжʧ
ͬʱһȻҴܣֻо׹¯һʱ䣬ʱʱȣ˶ܲˡ
˻Ǻ󣬱ʱڳ˼ƣ͵һȭ趯䣬ǹ⻯Ϊȭ
η壬ֱǰʱһȭӶ÷ɢȥʣµİӣȴǰһݣһȭݺݵش˵š
˲üͷ壬һ֮䣬һȭϣշ˳ȥˤڵϡ
˼󣬱һԾ𣬱Ѳȱȫ˲ָ糣ֻСһ룬·һͯһ㡣зŹ⣬͵˳
ʱкͷ٣ǱסһС̤Ȼûбɢֻڰͣɲ֮ص
ʲô似˴󾪣鼱ֻ֮ȫȭֵʱ˫ƶΪǹƣס̤һ
˵ȴ֮һΣΣˤ
ڴʱѾ嵽ǰ͵һ߳ţһ󼲷ɶ
ܿվȣĿС
ֻҶϹűħԿ£ȵվڵ棬Ȼɫ԰ȻĹ󣬵һöҩ֮ȴʱָ糣
ʲô񣬵ʡ
񡣡Ҷ㻺
ܣߣҾˣˣңɵ񲢲ôķҲʹã
˵ʵȴţҲûа취Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ʱԶƵĲҽ֮ȴǱΧ֮ͦܲסתߣȥһƻеϡ
һ켰Ҷ˱ʱһӵϣվҶߣڿ˶ļơ
øҶ㣡Ŀɨˣ۽ΧѾ칭׼ԼķڤʿЦһڵȷ˸е֣Ȼƾ֣ԻɱȴҲѡˣҷ
һȥ
ӣҸ磬˾ӣûôף˵ţѾ껨ȡ˳ж׼ˡ
˪껨Ȼȴκβҡҡͷ˵Ѿͷ߻ħɵӣڿȴˡǴ󣬻Ҷʲôķҽ㣬Żָ˶ߣ仹˱
ɵأ˪Σܲţһ
ʱҶĲҽΣѾڴǰȻδȫָѾָֻǼδȫָԲʱСŮ̬ѡ
˼΢΢һЦתҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬Űɡ֮ҿԲүĶһҪֻصġ˵û뵽˲ŻȻڼս֮һ񼣡ԽˣԽسȥ
ӣһ»ǰ˵ɣ
һ֣Χľʱ׼ˡ
뿪ǱǺҲס˷ЦǼĲ࣡
˵ţȻɱȥЩľʿʱżһʱй
ҲЩֻһ֣һǹʱմ÷顣
ͬʱλң˷ڤӡЩޱߣȴ˿ɵ
ҪҶһ׷ȥѩӰʱ͵˹ҶԾѩӰϣһһƺ˼һ㣬׷ȥ
ѩӰӳȫȴѾ˴ųǽȥ׵Ԯϣɱ˳ǽϵľʿԾ
ҶѩӰ˳ǽȥֻڿҰԭɱʱѾӰ
Ҷ㾲ؿţȴ׷ϡ
ѾһԪĸ֣ȴҲٲʹиƾĸ֣ȴԲС
ûһڸˣ൱Σա
ʱҶתͷȥ˽Լ
Щǹ֮£ĽŹâûбһСҶ㡣
ȤΪλ仯ѵħ֮Ĺͣ
Ҷ˱ħִ
ɲ֮䣬ȴͻȻһ⣬塣ϸӦѾػصħ֮УħΧ彥ر㸲ǵħ
𷽲˵ҶԼܵʱľţλƾĸҲЩ
ѵ񻹿ԷӳǿֻûиӦ


81 Ŧ֮Σ
ħ֮б޲ţ֮󣬽ֻɳ˴СٴοԳҶоܵħ֮ǳһεˣҲʵһǿ
㣡ʱҶͥһ׷˹˳ǽܵߣһץס˫硣㡭Ԫˣ
ǡҶ㻺ͷ΢΢һЦ˵ΪڼԨ̶ʱͻ㹻ͻȴûλƾǿԾѹȣȴʹӳãһս֮н
¦㣬ȴȫ㡣ЧͲЦ֪һҪ
ֻ֮ģȴʢҶ㵭һЦ뱣ôԪȴһҪøǿǰ
˵ţȴͻȻоħ֮һӿϢһ
˧ת죬ƺ֮±ˣͻȻӦҪ
ȥɡ켰оȣ˭ҲҴţʱͷ
Ҷ˳ǽҶͥں󣬵ǵʣ㣬Ǿ粻ȹ̳ʲô𣿡
ġҶһЦֻиȴʹһѡ
ǾͺãҶͥһľϲæһڻ飺ҶΪ㻤
һ˴ӵҶصӴԷɢڸֻʱ˵ҶҡͷһЦԼо£Ƭ˼һƬ徲Ҳ뵽ԭҰ֮С
̧ͷ죬ֻħ֮ӿȴ֮ͬǰҶӦһħ֮æоħ֮Уעı仯ȥ
֮ȴͻȻʧȻѾȻĵҶ㣬ȴš
֮ħ֮Զ֮Уһ㻺س֣Ȼ΢ȴһبŲļʵ֮УǿҫţϵȡΧħ֮š
Ҷǹ㣬вɼ
ħĵ伮ж֪ħħǡ
ħһֻǿ߲ſ̤㣬һ·ħ֮ջ󣬱ɥʧ߻ħֻΪȡɶ׹תа;һ֡ħǡٲĴ⡣
ħǣ̺ǿľһ޳ɣ絼ĵһ㣬ʹħߵʼܱᱻħջ߻ħа·ʹħ˼ݣϰʱ°빦
ͬʱħǻӰħߵʹϵ׳󣬸Լħȫ֮γɳǿĹʵǹؼʱ̱ķ
ˣΪȴһҲΪ
Ҷ㲻쳣ϲо񣬹ħ֮⣬ʹ䲻׳֪һħǳɳȫ֮ʱԼٶȴ
¦ǻµĿȴǿǰǿҡ
䣬һҹȥҶսһâȶҡҷγ壬ȴʮǧԶҲ֮£ȴǼģ統ڼԨ̶֮ʱٶҲδͻƣս֮УͻȻ㼤֮ǰȻ
ȥǰľʿȴɵۡ콫ǽеȫѺЩ˳ʱСУ콫ҹµʬ̧ǰʱǱȫԶˡ
ҹҹӪɱ˧ѵõӲӵ۵ġ˧ڽභսɱ볶һȴȻ´ˣǿ֪ô£ƵǷ֮ǰǰԪӦ˹ͼҾ
⡭һ˶ŵɫ԰סȻƵˣ֮Ҳ¦ǵˣȴֻ֪˴ǰֻй£˭Ҳϲƻд̵Ĺһʱ֪Ǻá
ʵھдŰɣߣһϱ͢޹أ͢Ȼǵǲʵڴǰ֮أҲֻýˣ
һ˲ֹֻùԹΪ
ְ֮߱˺ʮڣҶǱϹħǣմɣħҲҶ׳
죬ţȴͻȻһʿԪӦ˵װʿʱ칭Զԡ
ʱͣϱλүҶ㽫ԪӦŦ
ҶʱʿǷɱʱݣŦǽ֮ϡŦȥһͷŦϵʿ
Ҷʿ򿪳ŽУŦҶʱҶ¡
Ҷɫأҷ֮򽫾Ԯ
˺£Ŧн
ڶϵֶˡ˵Ѿȥֱ򡣡
ϾţŦŭ
Ѿϱ͢͢顣˵ȥʲô޷Ǿڶϵţȵȫڶ̲֮ʱҲ͵ˡ
Ҫȥæ𣿡Ҷʡ
˼æͷҶһӷڤαװԪӦ˻ŦһսʿУǶԿڶϡˣڶֻΪŦϰСһ̲֮⡣
岻ݴǡҶϵͷ
ǿŦ֮Ұжѡ
ҪȥҲ˹Ŵº󣬵Ҷ㡣
һǧɡҶ˵Ǵ̫࣬ɡ
ʵԥŵ˵ֻɾʿǰȥɣ㲻աϾԪӦĸء
˽ԪӦսҲǺ£ҶһЦҺòŦһ彨˹ϵ䱻ڶ̲ǰ
ãԼСġ쵣ǵض
Ҷ㵱ĵؽǧ˰׼ǻԪӦ˵װ߱ԪӦ˵ӪȴвԪӦӦ֮սסƥճв٣װǧ˾⡣
һڵϵףҲŻԪӦװֻǶȴ̫ԣκһ֪Ҷ㵽ȴܴǡҶǷֱפضЭʿء
ŦУҲǽޱȣԵҹҶӳԪӦڵŦһȥ
һ·ԪӦڲʱһҲڷڤڷɱšԪӦһ·ҹУ۵ýﶼ³ĭյڵأԼ˫ɱ
ú󣬴һڵɽУһȣʱʮԹ֮סȥ·
ʲôˣôƹȣһʡӰȴһλ伶ʿ
ͣ΢΢һЦ֮֮ᣬ˵ˡ
Ժ򡣡˵תͣɳһ˽ʱһλ˴ԼԼʮĻٸɱ˳һɫһ֮ʱ¶Ц
ˣҪҵĸƹᡣ
㻹֪ңԹΪԸټء
Ա֪ȥҴŶˡ
˹ǲһЦˣҲЩǰ˵Щˡ
ϻЦһһŹ֮⣬ס˵ֱۡ
ߣ˵۲˵Ѿһˣôȴ
Ѿһ֮ȴһС˵ˣҲҪҵܷӭȢš
࣡Ц㵹ôҵˣ
Ͷ͢¡˵˵
͢΢΢һ
˵ͷȻ󶨣Ҫгɾҵ졣ǳ֮͢Ҫ˲ţȴ𡣻ػ־ǿͶ֮ˡ
ʵڳ͢зҲˡϲѵ£
΢΢ҡͷ֮仹һ谭
谭һü


82 ޱ
үһΡ̾һԻҪ۲һʱ䡣ȫȫΪүɼ£صүáʱȴǼ򵥵ˡ
ô鷳һ粻ȥ͢ɡ㵽ҸƹҵĻģһɾжá
˵ţ۲˸һ˭һۿ֮⣬ͬȱ¶ʻһȵģ
ҲɳˣһЦжɷ򣬻ҪԼĹҵΪᣬ˼ֵ⣬æ
֮䣬ʲôﲻģЦ§˵ĸ첲±ҵ¡˵ɣҪʲô
ҽүһҪȥһλ죬ǽ챾ʵףڶֱʤھȡȴѡ˵ɽٴһڸҡȡͷ̽ȡһˡ
û⣡ʱͷ
ǿ̫ˣ۾һ粻˳٣ǡ
ʲôֵƳһۣĵЦţ˵ôҲ˼סһҹ߲
˿ˣҲЦ
ԪӦããԭУиɽ룬Ⱥһվ֮أһһۡڣһҴö룬ŵõкһȻϲҶѾǵĵɽ֮ƣѾԭԶ˷ڤӡ
šڣһλʮ߻ͷ飬·һԼɵ¡
һЩٶ֡΢ۣ˵ɱӣұҳϣʹܳߣ˴αҪ֮ɱͷ֮ޡ
⻰˵ƽȴγԱȡˣ߸оĵԺ
ǣ߹ʩ񣬻¡
߳ãƹһȣ㱻һλԼʮ뺷üĿɵסʱʩ񣺡ӡ
һ֣ҸļƵˣ
ǣ˼æӦҶ㲻֪ǼƣѾһǧ˵ľԭ֮УԪӦضҴҵҪȥŦء
ҶҲˡߣŦ㸲֮Ѳ棬ͶҲʲôϡ֮¡ֻһ˹ȥװţˣǼҲô
ǰ˵ͷɱӣճҲǽңܻҾݵ㣬ɱڶϣ汾ˡ
ССӲʥ伶Ҹ屦ճʵǺͿˡӲöǽճңĻʧڵ֮£
˵ͷȴˡ
ҹһ֣ȥҲֻ֮ӱ߱ߵ˵㽫Ҷϸ˵
ӣǣɻʡ
ҶҸǰúñ֣ӵ˵ȴǴûᣬܲҴȰɣ
˵ţЦ
ɡ
Ҫ£ĿһҶͷȡˣ
ҶȻ֪Լ·֮ʱѾͬʱ˶ԼͷʱѩӰããԭ֮ϣȴԸ̾
νԲԣҰãã紵ݵͼţ򣬱ˡ
ʫһ˵
ӣʫȴое˰Сһ˵
ΪΣҶ㿪ڣȴ
㿴СָҰ˵ޱ޼ʣݳҲޱ޼ʣֵó·һӵĲ˵ݻôֻѲݴˣܿԶûţһС·һҲ߲ȥ𣿡
ȷʵҶһЦʫ˲ԭ֮ͬʱȴҲ˲ԭ֮աҵûŦͰλԭܴ죬ҪԽԭԪӦأʵǼա
˵ЦˡҡͷһʱҪǣڽԼҲᳵ·ˣ
ŦͷļԿã·߹һﻭ˵ͼһδѰȷ·;ȴǲҪҲԪӦˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ף磬㿴ǰһ˰ʱ۲Ϲ۲ǰԷͻȻ֮յȴͻȻ
еľͶҶ㿴Ҷʱ㿴ԶһССϪԣһŮӣΪԶףԿ϶ˡ
ŮӴȴԪӦװǱ׼ķڤŮװ磬Ҷ㲻ȻôеķڤŮӳ
ܡʱ۹۲ķȴδκεطв֮
̸ϹȥûҶʱӼӽ·֮ǴϪǰѩӰ첽ǰŮߣһ̽Ϣȴ΢ħ壬ʱŮˣء
ϸһҶ㲻ȻŮòëŨأȴҹԼڶɽŮӡ
ҲŮòɾһ
С㣿ڴʱСͬʱһȻؽȴô£Сôһڴˣˣ
С㣿Ҷһ
ǰȦתǻƺ¥¥ŮСޱ
үүŮҶ㲻Ȼ
ͻȻɭԼ˵иŮüǶׯʱԼҲϷɭҪʹ˼ơ
ҲһҹŮ˵Ļ
ˣһɻͶ⿪ˡɭѾޱԼޱں֮£ŻѰԼԼʱ̽Լ

Ҷ㲻ҡͷЦʱ˿ӣȴҲ
ӣҪȴС㰡Сһѱһؽš
СǿɺˣʧҲˣҲ
ġҶͷڣزʧ
ɲ֮䣬ħѾתħ̬αװ󣬱һλɾҶϣǴ֮ϵشޱ֮У޸Ĺ⣬ྭ硣
Ҷ㷢˼⵽˼ǿֵϮڶضѻ࣬ȴǳڷĳֶҩһ㣬඼Ѿƻ
ѾԪĸ֣֮ǿȥͬնħ֮ҲøΪǿޱأȻһڣԽӹŹоȻء
ħ֮ϴޱ壬ؽųźˮë֮ˣҲڷر޸ޱĺ㽥ƽɫҲָ˺ǻ֮Уȴֻ˯һ㡣
ûˡҶ㳤һһѺȻԻ˯ֻڻָԼɡ
лӣСæҶʩ
֮ôʲôҶЦˣҲˡүүŮ㵱һ㡣
̫ϧ˰ɣҶͥһԿ˰죬ͻȻôһ䡣
ֱˬʵˣͻȻЦһʱ仹Ӧؿġ
ǸҶͥȴɺҵ˼ǡ
֧ţȴҲ˵Ȼ
Чȴһͷ΢΢һЦӢˣӢ۾ˡţ䵹൱ŻòҲ䡣
˼Ҹƾĸء˵
ں˵ʲôҶɫأɵһۡ綼ˡ
ǡҶһ֣˼ʲôôȻԽƾ˳
˻һʱͷһ
ɭҶĹϵĵ˱Ҷĵˡܽƾʿ˳ߣĸ֣
˾ԪӦ֮ڣǱ㽫Ǽв


83 
紵죬ޱ޼ʡ
ǰСһõϣŵƤ̺ϣޱ̺ϣһСĵš
ӣӣͻȻҶ㼱æŻεѩӰԡ
СҪˣϲ˵
Ҷͷۿޱ۾΢ͷҲҡűͻȻһͷ˺顣
С㣬С㣡ϲؽš
û˰ɣС㣿ڳеСҲ˹ʡ
ǡޱ˿ǣȻҶ㡣
㣿һ
Ҳû뵽㡣ҶһЦӦүүŮһҹ˵㣬Ҫھ
˵ңޱЦˡλӣҿƾǿߣ㲻ʥ伶ǷսֵزѾ漣ˡ
С㣬ڿɲʥ伶ˡЦ˵ѾԪˣٰŶ
Ԫޱֳһôôʱͻʥ伶ﵽԪʱܹҲû𣿡
˵дأС˵
ҶʱŦȴ֪ش˹ڡ㵹ڶϪһϢҶֻˡ
ңޱҶ㣬ɫ΢΢Щ졣
С£ʲôҶ㵭Ӧʣôֻһԭ֮Уʲô˻㣿
ƾʿҵȻ֮¡ޱҶ㣬ҴĿǰԪӦڣʱٶȶɱҡ˶ڣֻҲסһֻ»㡣
үүͬһ㡣Ҷ˵Ҳ罫ˡҽһүүҵáǿж㶪ڲԭҪɣҲܻȫһˣҲүүи
ӣС񶼸ж˸
治£ޱüʡ
¡Ҷҡͷ
Էǳĸأޱʡ
ֻ·һֻܿҶ˵赭дᶨһʱ䣬ж黳ԣȴޱòɷ
ʱӵñ˭áͷ΢΢һЦ
ɲˡŦһԶЩãȴЦŰ֣Ŧһô
ô顣һЦ˵ţŦƨһƣʱǰ˳ȥ׷ϡ
ʲô˼Ŧסû
Ǳ߰ۡӵЦ˵
ҵܵȷʵˡ˸ߣҶִͥ˹Ͽҵ˵Чͼ˲ɴЦѧŰӵӣҶͥҲˡ
Ⱥ˵Ȥޱż˱Ӱ΢ЦָҶͥʣ磿
ǡҶͷҲΩһˡ
ޱĬĬͷͻȻ˵Ҷ㣬֮죬Ƿõʲô˲õı
ʤɽɽУҶ伮Լĸ򣬶ܽһķҶ˵ԪӦڶжһճϹŷѧһķšҲΪۺ֮ʹҽٰɡѧҲɴ㣬ֻǶƾ˵Чֻ²
أ̲סͷС㣬ϸӦҺСɡ
伶ޱһӦһ찡Ȼ伶Ҿ˹̣Ҫ۷ͷ
ǹӽǵġСЦӻʹ˲ҩͼʯ֮Ľء
ֵ󷽡ޱҶп֮κж޼֮㾹ȻԸ⴫ˣ
ҲãСҲã㷽żһֵҲãҵѡҶȻкõĶΪβһֻһǿղǿѽǿǿ
үүȻûп㡣ޱҶ㣬ͷ΢΢һЦôҶ㽫֮ˡ
áҶͷ
Ȼûʲôʤɽе˵伮ȴһ㲻ر㽫ճõһ֮ޱ
ޱȻ죬ɭĸⲻһ㣬ԷЧ͵ܺޱ͸˵ޱˡ
ޱָ֮£ԭ֮еһЩ覴á
ޱҲֻһζȡཫƺ¥еĸ߼֮Ҷ˽ֻЩ֮Ҷ˵ȴôҶΪɻֲòװ˼õӣʵࡣ
ޱļ룬ʵһһΡǧ˶Ӵʱƾ򣬵㡣
ȴֹˡ
һλĸڴˣҶȻд轻Ļᡣо֮ʣڱ֮д似ʹҶԵֵķ緶ͬʱҲޱָ֮£ʹԼձøӾտߵü졣
ĽǷͬʱʹλͬսļա
ȥҶȻ֮ʹﵽԪȴֻӵԪԪļܡﵽʥ伶ΪҪʹ֮ʣûһӦյ֮ͬȴޱİϸĥϤּա
ԪǿΪһ壬Ϊ֮ޱҶһʮİ󣬱ĵָ㡣ʱҪָʹڹγһнֹսϵϵԽܷӳҲԽǿ
ܽˡҶͷϿл
ǼϰޱЦţҶ㹥
ˡضãҶʧܶսҶԵˬһЦƾʿȻұͬƴҲĶ֡
ȴɱһλƾ֡ޱЦˣ˵ȥ¡
ȡЦˡҶ֣ǲǺ֮¦Ƕҩ֮ܽҽܶѡ
̾ԭΪ¦ڸض˻ˣһս֪տԨʯȴʲô˶ӵеĶװҲǻʵı¦Ҫڹؼʱ£ԪӦġ
Ƕҩ˵ƾְޱͷ㽫տԨʯߣ¦һˡˣ˵ֻߣҲưոݰɣ
ʲôҶһЦλĸ˾ͱˡʱҸ֡
ҶҶˣ㻹治СޱҶҡͷ̾
ôҾͶһޱˣҶЦʡ
ǻ㣿ޱҲЦˡ
ͻȻһҹҶΪʥ伶ʿսԼƾǿʱ龰
үүҶۣǿŮ̲סҶҲһ˿仯
ȷʵеѰѵôǫľӣŸڳ˵ǻۡӢţȷʵѵð
ޱҶ㣬˼ҷɣ롣
磡ʱȴ֪Ȥشɱޱɫһ죬æͷȥ
ôˣҶɫԣæʡ
ˣǰҲмǧѽšԪӦĴ磬Ƿ𣿡
ҿҶɫصؽӹеۣϸ
˵ȴһƬ꣬ɽСݣȣӳ֮£ɹ֮Ҷϸؽ֮ţȴǹУݴȷʵһӶӵԪӦ
ȻӦǵϢֻǵ񣬱֪׺ǿ֮
ǧϡޱչ˿ɫҲҶ磬Ҳ֮¡һǧˣù𣿡
ʱѩӰȴͻȻ˹һ»ָΣҶ
ҪսҶԼӦ˼һ


84 
ԭ֮ϣǵ¡ŦʱͻȻڡѩӰƵþˣһչ˰ɡ
ǵǶӲߡҶ˵
ܡҪǶӰɡ˵ͻȻҹǰһ˵
ʲô˵ʡ
һҲĿת
˵ʱһλڤԶƹʵǿǣҹ˵ڲԭо֮ʣΪоǳԵӽɱȺһҹԭͻȻֳǧǣһֻǴϮľӡڶϣ֧ٲˡ
ļٵģʵһô
˵ǴʱҽƹſʼΪ˵
˼ǣҲһڴԭٻͬ飿Ҷһ
ͿѩӰαְɡ˵
áҶһͷѩӰͷѩӰҪαΰɡ
ѩӰʱ͸˷ܵĹ⣬ͻȻͷ쳤ХХһһֹϢ
֮Χĳݴб㴫˸O@֮ţһֻֻ׳ǱǰȻͬˮһ˷ӿһʱսԾ
ԹܺԼƥҶ㾪ȵؿǲҸȺ˼æסֹսսӡ
ѩӰٽһĴ֮⣬ȺڶͣסǰʱȺԽԽ࣬ҶȥֻѾǧֻǡ
üһҶͥȶԭϾȻôǣ
ֻ·ԲڵȺ۽ˡŦ˵
ΪĽˣҲǵһμ龰Ӹ̾ҹ˵еߣһ֮¿ɽǧ֮ڵȺȫеߡ䲻ܴԶ֮ǣԻԶһʮʮ٣һ㽫ٻ֮Զҹȥֻ˵˽ֽʵˡ
Զǳ֮ڣɽ֮УԪӦ԰Ǳš
ӡһλüӵӣŵʮֲԣٻȺ֮ôˣûʲô
ӵӣڶеλӡʱ˰бսףҰ߰ӳ¶棬չֳһ뺷ļ⡣ĿͶԶĿдŲм
Ҫ֮¡һɺϰˡѵЩڤӻܽȺ֮ɣЩԭӶ첻
Ǹֻеǡ
ʲôЦִ̽ӻȡһǷȳ˰ԴƬԲ̺ϳɣһɫһɫƣԶŷͼһ֪Ƿ
̣Ǹ־һӣˣ
ӴЦ֣кο£
ǣǸֲҲ˷
ʱѩӰѾųɱ⣬ȺҲɧϷͳĺ
ͻȻ䣬ѩӰתǰȥȴٲκڲݴ֮䣬ϷڽӴ֮Сǽǧֻ׳ĴǣҲǰƶһʱֻŲҶ죬ȴٲȺ
üһЧͲɾһȺڲԭ֮ϣֱһֱѵصľ°ǵĶȺ¡ѩӰǵˣ
ǵǲŶԡ̲ס
ҲȥҶҪȺ룬ԪӦ˱ȺϮ֮ͻȻɱȥһٽ𣡡
ǣһӦ
ԪӦķȴ֪飬һڹݴھţֻǵ塣Ȼյȵģȴ֪ǱǸ֮ɱߡ
ȺѩӰĴ£ųݵڻڲ֪ԪӦѩӰʱ͵һԾֱ˵һλ伶ԪӦ֣ӦһҧĲӡ
ͻȻֵľѪһ¾ԪӦڡΪԭӣȻ֪ԭǵĿ£Ǿǹһֻֻ׳ĴѾԲݴ˳
ǧֻԭǣʱ糱ˮһڶϵķеԪӦʱɵۡ
ȻСڲԭ󣬼ȺһģȺÿȴҲۼһֻֻԼľҲɻֽŻֵȻǿ߽һֻֻնɱͨȴһֻֻΧ֮£Ѫ֮С
ҽһʱ쳹ɽȡ
ôڶ϶Ӻվһ˫۴žǿµս
ӣҾ˵Ʋԣλ־ֵؽҲû뵽ǾȻٻӴȺô죿
ɱӺۣǶǲԭϳĺӣѵûңұ㽫ʬƤƳƤ۸ǣɱ
Уһˮսףֵޱˮ֮۵֣˶ӵΪһ塣ǰӿޱߵˮ֮䣬֮һȭȭűǴȥ
׺ȭͷһһֻ׳Ƿǣ֮ǷɽѪҺʱ֮ϣˮΪһ壬ΪѪ֮Σٷɱǡ
ССȺʲôţͻȻ߾е̡
ʱƬԲ֮УɲǼ䣬һһԲ̱תת֮䣬һһϢֱ룬ڿпٵγһһԲ򣬶һ̣Բ˳ȥͬһȺɳš
ÿһֻߣֳһ֮壬֮ǣʱȫһŲţϢĹǵͻȻɢѳмڲ֮١
ע֮ɳע뵽֮С
ϸ۲죬ȴɷɱǵ֮ڽȴ׳һЩػ󣬱֮ǿһ֮ʲôʮϰٵǿػڣĴСʱ仯ַɢ֮
ʲôȺ֮Ҷ㲻Ȼ
̣ޱȴмʶָǷ֮˵Զ֮ʱµķ֮һɣһת֮䣬һơС硯Сʹ֮ʱ̫ʱȴޱߡڣɽͬɡ硯ٳʧȥ֧ŵġ硯ʱ𡣱罫ɽڿԾ֧ţٽȥɽ㵹һ㡣
˵ս֡㿴С֮򲻶Ϸֳ֮ɱȺǣÿɱһ飬֮׳һ˿ϻ֮£С׳ȴսս
һսսҶ΢΢ͷס̡
ĺöɲܷŹ΢Ц͵ؼǰ
Сģޱһ漴׷ȥ̿ɲ򵥣㲻çײ
ҵȻաҶЦſ㲻˵ֻ֮ʱޱ𣿡
㣿ޱҶ㣬֪«ʲôҩ
ǰȻΣաҶǰ΢΢һЦͲͬˡ
ɲ֮䣬һ߷ȺݺСȥ


85 ڶ¡
ʾ˽ĹĿɼ̬֮

񣿡ޱ۾һͷԸ̣ȴٺò飬жӰ졣
һ·Ҷд֮ʱҲʱʹ񡣶Ҷ仯ķޱǺ棬ϲÿ񶼳˹â
ҶһЦ֮ϣʱӭһöС磬һȭ˹ȥ
ȭСײһħݺʱСþ𵴣鶯ķбϣڿ˼±㼴ͣס
ȴʲôڶ϶һӡдδ˵εĽɴ㵡
ʲô漴һ󷢺ݣѵ㻹ȵҹ̣
ЦУ͵Զзɱȴӭȥ̻䣬Сڿз֮Ҷȥ
СӣǲҶ㣿һ߼һߴʡ
䣬͵תػ˫ȭС絲סҶͣסŲĿˮȻʲôˣΪڴң
ףӽţԪӦڶڶаɱڶܱܣҪΪܱ𣬶֮ճ
˵ţٴλȴС֮ǰǸһҶȥ
ڶϣҶһ
ԭڶϵĹãɱʹ죡ԺҶ㱼ŦڶаĻ˫ʱ죬źĴһɱǰʱ뱻ȺסڶϾɱһ
Ҷ٣ڶ࣬ʥ伶ʿзЧ͡ŦˣټѩӰȴλѩӰٻȺǧȻ̵Сɱ٣ȴҲֻ൱Ƥ֮ˣδ˼
һӴȺҵڶ֮Уһ־ͱɱ١
ڶаȻ̣ȴҲӲػַ̣СһʱзöСһҶȥȴһһסɣȴ޷˵Ҷ㡣
Ѿ֧ˡޱڶаЦ˲ԪԶ㣬޷ӳ̵
ôǷȫأҶһ߿һʡ
ȻҲδȫӡޱҡҡͷҸо֮仯Ԫδ۷塣ԸڶаȴҲˡ
˵ţһЦԸУôȻҿȥԸмȡ
˴ԪӦڣսپĺáҶһͷǾޱˡ
ԼˣʲôޱһЦʱ֮£˫۷̫âŮ
ӣ󣡡
һȼ䣬ޱ̧ǰһ㣬ǽӱָ֮ǰ֮䣬һʱСڶаһǸӰ֮С֮ڣûΪޣɽޱߵĹâڶаѹ˹һʱȻ
ƾķԸڶаоޱȡ
ﵽƾߣѴﳬǿߣǷϵȼͬĲ֮šǰ߻ǺߣڶаԪʿøͶԸ˵ġ
ϲҶĶ֮оȻִָڣ
ʧˣȫʧˣ亹ڸ֮Уƴȫ֮ԿҪơ
ӲصǣϷڴˣȻһһӰɱ͵һ֣ʱһɽľһֻȭƾɣϲ֮ƣȻȻһȭͽɢ
СԮˣޱĿһǰ
ֻһݵߣڶаԣкޱԼʮŻԪӦװͷ޷ΧһͷʮС裬ݣԡ
ߣһ޴һ࣬һ֮ɫʯƱ鲼׳ޱȣȴһ
¡ߣڶаˣһʱ򡭡
ӡ䣬֪͵̴ɱҶ㣬ʱ׷ֹ㡣û뵽һӣɱҶд£çײ£²˵ƽ˶Լȥɣ
˵֮ʱĿͣޱϣȻǽޱ˲õĵ֣ǰһҲҴ⡣
˭뵽Ҷ߾Ȼƾĸ֣ڶаԲ
Ϸڶ¡顣ȴĿޱһ֡λСﵽƾ֮ҹΪӣӦǷڤƺ¥ޱСɣ
û뵽ԪӦ־ȻҲ֪Ҷ㿴ޱ뿪Ц˵ҶҲҪӹˡ
˭Ҫ㹧ޱҶ΢΢һЦתڶ¡顣
˵Сޱ
˵ڤĽˣǲмڹ֮ܳ͢µġڶ¡˵ôѵƺ¥ҪͶ͢һڷ𣿡
Ҷǻƺ¥ѣҸо֮ޱЦ˵ʲôҲãó汾ɡ˻뿪ҪЩۡ
ۣڶ¡ЦһССŮޣȻЩţټɭ϶ϧҩ﹩ʹãŴﵽƾۿĺĿһУϷʹүү㣡
ɲǼ䣬һӰڶ¡߸֣ű㻯һڤǼףʿ۵
ȻҶһ̲ס
ˣʱ䣬һڤǼףʸоȴħҶȻȺ飬ȴδ
ڤ񣬾˵ǵظĴ֮һޱҶ㡰Ρ
ܽˡҶ㻺ͷ˲֪֮УҲʽħһ࣬Ȼǵظ
ڶ¡һ䣬ڤ˳䣬ʱʮзڿһеĴޱ˹
伶ķҲǰŪޱЦˣ΢΢ҡͷ䣬ȴ÷ƣ˽ӣֳһλɫ˿£¶֮ԵŮ
㺮ŮССޱг˽֮⣬֮䣬㺮Ů裬ϵƮǹ֮ײȥ±㽫ǹ˸ɾ
ŮޣҪľ㳷ȥȴԸңһȭɣڶ¡ЦǰȭޱҰľȭͷһȭӭƮ
Ǿ޴ȭͷƮײƮʱ˻㺮Ůޱת֮䣬ƮǾȥ
֪˼ޱЦ֪Զңʹ÷㴦ƣ˲ŹŷҰҲǹ˳⣬ԿľΪľʶ
ôڶ¡ߣСޣҪҶ㣬ձڣϷȫǣǵظһԷȥΣ
˵꣬Ц
ޱɫ΢΢һ죬ȴֳһ˿Ц⡣
˼ңôһ˻ⱼడЦ绨һ֮ຣɡ
˵ţ裬㺮ŮƮڿһԣ·֮⻯˿ߣҪڿб֯Ļ䡣
Ứ
У¹Ļڶ¡ȥ


86 ֮
ãΪ߶ʵû뵽Ů޵˵ãڶ¡˫趯䲻죬ȴ̺ǧ֮С
ȥһֻȭ֮ƣ͵ӭ¹⻨ȥ
¡ϣɱŮڶаţ̣ʱöСޱȥ
ĶҶ㵭һЦּ̧䣬ԾڿȭöСɢ׷ɡ
Ԫһڶ¡ʱһȴڶаéٿ
ʱԼһ֮СȻв˷ʵ
һӼ䣬СʱںϣڶаʱоӦ֣ȫ֮УЦһҶ㣬ڶϵĺޣܵĳ𣬽վͶ˽ˣɣ
֮У趯Сڶ𣬴Ҷ㡣
ȹһ˵ɡҶ㵭ЦָС
ʵҶȴǸڶаϷ֮ڶаȴԶҶ㡣ֻȻûǿȴǿƶԸ̵ľ֮ȴʵ޷Ӷڶаޱȡ
Ҷ㣬ҲҲˣɴ
̣ұ㲻Ҷ㵭Ц
ãڶаһͷȻĻջöС򣬽Ҳ˻С
ڴʱľȭỨĽҲڽһļ˶ԷľһԾɨ˶Էһмգȴƴ˸൱
ƾһʿٲǹǽΪ͢УһΪףˣʿȴκӰ졣似ƴøԲ𣬵˶δӰ죬ֻһ֮̽£˴˶ԶԷ˼ɵ֮ġ
ӣ̽һãڶ¡ٲСޱͬʱڶϵĶ鶼֮УҲʱڶаǰ
¡ϡڶаһȴԥڶ¡鲻ɴ𣺡Ҫۿȫûڴ˲ɣ㷢ӳ콻ң
ãڶаһҧ̽ڶ¡С
ʱҶȴޱߣ䣬ԭҰħ֮дħϼħ˻ȥҶץס͵سޱһƣʱΪޱ֮С
ֿ֮ȴħ֮ڸ֮Удһ˿ħҶͨġֻǹȥҶ㲢ûԼὫ͸ˣȴҲδʹá
ǣޱܵһԼԭҰ֮УϸӦ
ˡҶһЦ֣ܷʤͿˡͷӡ
İɣޱͻȻصص˵ͷ
Ȼң
رǽиֻܵͼõͨķ֮ôԥظˣ
ֻΣҡ
ޱϸ룬ȴڶ¡Ѿס̡ʱԴԴϵע뵽У̱ɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ʵڶ¡شţͻȻ˿С
һԲʱתԽתԽ֮ϽںϣͻȻһ޴
Ŀȥ˭ܿϲ˸Ļбߡƴܣγһת硣
̣֮
ڶ¡һߵ͵ֶ̧һץסת̡Ǿ޴̱ʱСԭӣ׽УĻ֣ʱڿйź¡ޱҶѹȥ
һ֮ޱһ֮䣬
ʱٲҶģǱ仯ŮΣҲޱһģ
ͬʱҲޱߣּ⣬ȫĽϡʱ㻯˽ɫɢâ·𻯳˽ɫˡ
ҲǳصģޱЦţ䣬ΪԾӭ֮˹ȥ˫͵һչһաһƣһֱǾ޴ϡ
ʱ֮һ˶·һҪ谭תѹ촷ۡ
סޱһӿڡ
ǿ飬Ҳֱ֮ԿΪǽԼڣʹԼڲƻ
ûǣȫһжȴ㡣
ɺޣǿ̣ʹϼûе֣ȴôηֿڶ¡ҧгݣѵϲרҶ㣬ҪڶԲɣ
뵽ͻȻ䣬һ˿ҡ
ûᣡҶĿһȴʱ׽һ˿ᡣħϣΪһ·𻯳ħף͵һԾ֮Уһڶ¡̤ȥ
ĶңȻһڶа𣬡ҵĲȭɣ
ȭͷޱߵˮ֮Уˮ̬֮˲۳˴󽭴ӣγޱߵĲһȭǲƺʱҪ֮䣬תŻˮ֮ȭҶȥ
̤
һ֮УҶڰнһ߸̧𣬱ħ֮϶縫һֱޱߵı˪֮䣬һ˲ͽڶаĲζڰգʹһеȫ޴ӷӡ
ôڶаţȰеľ㵵꣬ħĽѾΪ˪ݺݵֱ˱סĲߣݺڶаͷڶаҲûüͷ­ͱǻ֮С
˲䱻סٱǾ֮ҳ飬ɢ˷һ̤֮δȴֱڵϣҲҳһ͵ĿӶ
ӣڶ¡ѣţһеش߶Ϸǿ֮֮Уʱִһ࣡
ͬɽһŻ֮ƺݺѹ£ѹȵֱͦȫƵȴȥҲ˫
ƥҪףҶһлɱڶа֮вһ󳩿죬ģڶ¡ȥʹһ̤
Ҷ磬ңʱޱȴҶתͷȥȴѾ֮ѹţۿҪ˵ޱߣޱȴƺǱʲô̶ԭء
֮йŹ֣ţһԿϣұͬһһ㣬ֻ࿹ȴӲȥˣ
ˣΣҶһޱȥּ̧䣬ڵħԴԴϵȥ֮ڶס֮
ȻɱλӣҶ㣬ڶ¡۾ˣŭţһٴ߶գһҪС£ջȥˣ
͵أִ˸ǿ֮еȫƴֱȴǻǹ֮Уٲ赲һ±ײ뻳Уѹšţһˣ
ޱǸ֣ϾֻǸʮ߰ŮڴΣʱ̣ȴ̲סһ
СģҶȴǴһ͵طȫһ½ޱײ÷˳ȥ
֮ȴͷѹ
Ҷ磡
ޱˤԶȴҲ֮ΣۿҶҪѹ֮£ȴɸоȫ䣬о£ʧ
Ҫ㲻


87 һƽһ
ڼУޱܲ˹ȥھҶ㣬ҪҶȥ
Ǿ޴֮Ҷǰʱȴ·ֹͣˡ
ͻȻ䱻ӲԭҰ֮Сħ֮һâҵţ·һżǿࡣ
ħǣ
Ҷһ⣬ħ֮СоһԼԼħ֮зɳۣյһ
䣡
УԼǹݺײų档
һ⿪ʼҡҷԽҡҷԽʵ֮ǹгһԲεķ塣
ıȻɵ·еĵط΢΢·Ǹɽеĵط·ǵ͹ȡ
âɣɢ͵ҫķ
ħǣȻڴʱ˿̽ʵ塣
ħһڣħ֮бʱӿޱħħħħţħڿռлصħڵš
֮Уħȴ·һᶨߣԼҪԶ󣬱㲻һеǰȥص谭ħ֮еһ赲ôҶ͵һײͻƶħ֮硣
תۼ䣬ħǾԭҰϿգɢĹâôţħ֮ңңԡ
ħ֮еķҲͣ·һλĸף֪Ҫ뿪ԼþһзԼѾ޷ıһкȴȻܡ
ħڿңңţ˴˾顣
ˡ
Ҷе߶š
ҲʱħϯɨԭҰеħɢâǹâ۳һ㣬Ҷ֮С
˲䣬оǹâɢԼħĴըеħڿں֮ǿ
ֻԪһȻжԿƾǿߵ
һ䣬ҶͻȻصʵ֮Уʱ֮Ѿǰ
Ҷ磬㲻
ޱ˺ѷεĽ̲סΣͷתͷԼһеҪԼ⡣
ʶãദҲȴ˶ҡ
αأ
ҶΧʱ·
⻺ʱԭҰУħڶ𣬴ŽһζεħҶ㡣
ƾΣԶŷΣ
ͻȻ䣬ҶЦŹ⣬ͻȻӭ֮ǰһ
Σ
У˫ͬʱƳıħ֮˫ϴޱߵĺǰȥЩڿӿӿ֮ݻޱߵıΡβˮ˪Ǳѩǻһγһı֮ӣӿܷⶳһеı֮Ρ
ǲһһ㣬һһرӿǰϵسˢ֮ĳˢ֮£֮ĹȻͣҲԽѣѹ֮˳
Ҷ磡ޱϲ
Ҽֲ˶ãҶʱ˵֣һɱ
ʲô似ڶ¡һ֮ٴλ֣ʱ뵽У֮ٵע֮С
񣬳ޱһģˮϵشһ䣬ָϣԼҲһԾ𣬲֮Ǵֱɱڶ¡顣
ǲܵ£ڶ¡ȫҶ㾪ˣһԪʿôԿҡԿ̣ס֮
Բ裡
ޱľУһת֮䣬㺮ŮƮ裬Ʈ裬ȴǻһӰӣתһȺ֮
УҲ֮趯㺮Ůһڶ¡顣
ڶ¡ޱȫȴջֵֻ֮ûӶޱͬʱһȭ
ҳͬʱȭͷ͵ػһңֱײȥ
ޱĿ֮£ȴҶƸΪ֮УȻƹ˾ңȴ׺ݵһȫ˿ա
ת趯Ů֮Ӱٵӹߵߣת趯֮УߵиöߺǾ췢ٴλȭʱ첲ȴˤ˳ȥţ־ͷ׷䣬ʯ顣
ɱ㣡ڶ¡ŭšУ͵ظ߸ԾͻȻµһɶߵڿ͵һѣƵɸߵĿУ漴ԼҲһԾڶ¡ߡ
ȭ
ڶ¡鷢죬ڿ͵һͷ½ŵֱ˫ȭ߾٣͵䡣
Ķһ޶ֻȻ侹Ȼһɸߣһֱ۸Ǳô׳ޱȣȭͷһľңŵݺ¡
ǿޱһü͵سˣԲĹ㺮Ů֮Ӱǣȴ㺮Ůһ趯ӭǾҡ
ֻΪޱһನ
һ֮УȭֱڵϣʱһضһβٵɢǲΧ֮ڵŮ֮Ӱʱɢ㺮ŮⲨ֮бѺ۱鲼ҡ˼ºһء
Ƕڶ¡ۣץס̡
ֻδأ
ͻȻ䣬һȴţһӰһǹȴҶ㣡
ħ˲һ˱ǹȻڶ¡ͶԼɲ˱ǹ֮ϣȴǽűħͶǹ֮ǹ
ǱǹͨһͨıǹƱǹо޴ͻȻڶ¡Ҳɵûֵֵ
һ֣Ǳǹ÷֮ʱҶȴҲͷԾһ֣Ȼͽе̶˹ȥ
㣡ڶ¡龪һһʱס
ҾȻһԪʿж˷
Щš
ˡ㼱ڻޱ԰˹ϣ˶֮Ŀơһ֣Ҳ޴󰭣ϧĶҡ֮һٻҵĻᡣ˵ץˣźˡҶƮȻأ̣΢Ц
ɱ㣡ڶ¡Ҷȥ
ĶأޱҶǴݵģٿԶԶȥ˿ƣԭشת֮ͻȻЦһڶ¡顣
Ҷ㲢ûٴǰڻּ䣬ħ֮У˴еڶ¡̵֮ĿȨ
ʱһֳصĿ֮еḷ̌ͨԶ֮˹ᵽ֮ǿ󡣴ʱԪʿʵȻܿơ
ã
΢һüæŬ֮̽ڵĽṹʹħſ֮
ģֻǲϽ֮ϵȡ
ʱޱѾڶ¡齻֡
û̵ڶ¡飬ʵޱ£ޱ߶һƱʱתˡ
ڶ¡ƴɱţʹһ似ȴޱƿס϶ȴڶ¡˺ۡ
ڣʮйڶ¡鱻һ߶һȣڵϡ
㺮ŮƮҲʱزĲϣ͵һ
һҫҪɥһ֮

ڶ¡ͷ
źһ
ڶ¡ͷأʬ嵹֮Ƭ̼䣬ӰԶ˽ǰ
ƹ᣿ޱٸüͷһ塣


88 Զ
ߣȴ뼧ᡣ
ǶģƹȵˡЩвʥ伶ǿߺ伶֣һʱܵ˷Ч͵һȻʱûдȴҲս֮Уֻ뼧Ϊ̫ߣ˿ɵҶޱǰ
û뵽ޱĿ˸üͷ뵽սҶȴ뵽С㡣
ԭϰޱ䲻֪ҶĶԹҲ֪߲ƣЦŶˣѾĴˣ˵ΪʲôţǱݺͬŰɣ
ɫһ뿪Ͷ͢ɷΪΣССɷ
˵ǺޱЦг˳֮⡣
ҵѾͷΪǻƺ¥һɣãȴǶŭ
๫һ࣬ôҴҵǣˣޱвмԡ
㣡۾
¥ڣһļᡣɡֻƾǣǶ֡
ͷСѾͷɱһλƾ֣Ҳǲɣ
˵ţЦĹǿϧܼ˵еŮСʵʵءҲãǶʡɣ˵ŮʿǲһǽҶͷȡˣٽ£ɲһΣ
޳ܣޱŭһҪ֡
ļơҶȴһסһЦ֮϶ʧ侲ȴδսȰˡ
˭֣ȴŭˡ
ᣬ˳˵ţҲס˼ᡣ
Ҷ㵭ЦˣҲ޳ޣֻΪٻ󣬶׷Ҳţȴ֪Ϊĵ𣿡
һ˵һĽһöĲҩޱС
ޱҲ̷ֱȥʱõ˼Ĳ䣬ȫ
־磬ĲҩģҲһβȫˡĵҲ̫࣬ټһöĲҩ裬ָ߰˰ˣҲӦκξ档
Ƿϻˣޱҩ;ʱһϵʱԽָԽ࣬ɣְɣ
ãֻһͷʱ˴󲽶ߣӰ֣Ϊʵ壬ϵǹ𣬻һöö֮ǡ
ߣһλͦΣ˫ֳ̤֣ǹҶȴ鼮жǡ
λƾ֣Զ˻񣬶˿Ҵ⣬ٴԴ
ޱ䣬Ѿԣ⣬ҫޱȣҶֳ̣ħϴУϸ̵Ĺãһ˿žħת֮䣬תɢ֮
ԶǹƽءЦˡͻȻ䣬ȶȴӭޱȥеǹһֱޱ˹ȥ
ڿɢ΢â޷ǹƣ֪ӦӦغδ
СѡޱһЦӲȴҫŽϹâ޷䶯ֻܽǹһŽȥһȴȭͷײһ
ܵޱƾ֧Ԯ֮֫ᣬԶҶʹʱɱȡһ֮£ȭδκӰ죬漴ǹ֮ϣǹ߿ǰֱȥ˫ȭ
øѾͷδϵޱǿˣһü䣬ֻȫԹ
Ȼ񲢷飬һҲֻʱһ㣬һǹеı˽Էȴסá
ҪСŶޱȻЦ뼧ս
ԽʹãԽ˿Ŀƣֿ仯Ӹ־似ķʵѵõرе
ʵ֮ϣһ𹥻ؽ֮УֻȴҶ㲻˶֣òԭأʱ׼ְҶ㡣
ʱ˵Ѿ̧ǻǣĿҶ㣬ʱҶе̡
û뵽ڶϵرȴ䵽СƾԪӲⷨʵȴûʲô¡ϽտԨʯңҶԹһʹҵģġˣֻҪտԨʯЩ㡣Σ
ѵʱֻˣҶЦˣһǾ仰̫滹Ϊ̫棿
ôһˣЦΪ߶һޱƶʤȯաҶ㣬Ǹ˲ţʱʧһǿ߸ػҲǸ׵ˡ
ɫת䣬ǲٶ˵ϻ
׵򣿡ҶЦôһ֮ɡ
˵䣬еѾ֮Щڿпٵһγһţٶݻȴ֮
˵ɫɱôܣô˵ز
ʿգĿ࿴ĵ㲻ҶЦϱȻɣȴɡȻ֮Ǿ֮𷽲ڶ¡ģȴСҲȹ̡
ˣȴҲоԿƣҪ߶УΪѡ
Ȼûбѡ
Ȼ°ߣϸ˵ȴǡߡֻս˶ѡʱԼʮһǿػˣ
ʱȴͬԼһȫڶǿߺ͸ƹʿǻսȴֻԼˡ
ԶԿƾʿ
ԳذЦһûԴֵز
ˣȻҪսô㽫ɡҶߺһȫ߶̣͵һ֮䣬Ǿ޴֮¡عȥ
΢΢ü
ܸӦ֮ԼʱΧһֽ·֮Լԭزƶһ㡣
˼̵ҵһԣ⴫˵еԶǿᷨǷô£
ԭվȥǽǴ߶䣬Ǻ϶Ϊһ
֮ϵǹⲻϵע뵽֮Уȴٲֻ΢΢𶯴ﵽĳ̶ֳʱ˲΢΢һЦͻȻһơ
ʱƿռ䣬ȻŹ֮ײȥ
ߵײȴûбľ죬ֻ޻ײһһ㣬ҡ˼£һ
ʱһɹ֮뵽֮УǾͷ·һߣֱֽ֮ӴڣӶ˵塣ɲǼ䣬˱оԼڲֻ仯ȻƺҪһСһ㡣
֮£æѹԭҰеҲڶ𣬻ΪԿֵ֮û䡣
̾Ȼǿ𣿡ﲻ̰֮⣬ס̡
ô¼õķȫ䵽СУƽƽһҪУұݺ޵УǳңҲҪˣ
¶̰ķ֮ɫ͵˫ǰơ
ǱͻȻըǹ⣬һɲǼ䣬֮ܵ˾ͬȻʼɢ
ã
ҶаһҪħάס֮ȴԼһ㡣
ֻۿ֮лɢǹ⣬Լ


89 ս
ħӿһ㺮˪֮ӭǹ⣬ڣħǹâޱ߾Ҷ㣬ʹõٴ˫ƣʹһСΡ
һʱӿǰ赲סһƬƬǹ⡣
ҵҪͦʱЦһǰһȭһƬǹ⣬תۼʮȭ꣬бʮǹ۳ʮöǡ
ҫ£񣡡
ʮͬʱ𣬲ѹת۷ֲǰ򵥵һȭǲӴȥ
һȭ֮Уʱö֮Ȼ޴һ½ըһʱм׷ɣ֮ʱһ
ǿ˼һȭ֮Ȼ޷𣬶ֻݻȻ漴ɫһȭ
˫ȭ裬ϴ֮£һööѹǱӺмҷɡ
Ҷһ
ڵʵ޷ȫӳ޷ʽʹ꣬ˣڶԸڶ¡֮ʱŻῪڴߴޱ
ˣħ֮ٴηһУûޱȴֻǿ֮Կʱһȴ֧ŲסĶԹ֮°
ŴһƾʹҶٺˣ
üһ˵Ҷ㣬ɰԸ̾ȻҶԼһ֮ȴҲ˸ɾ
һԪʿ似ȻԼƾǿߵ似ƴ൱ȴܲ˾̾
Խˣ˵ıɱ֮ȴԽǿ
˾ϣسɴ󻼣ͬΪүȥˣǴһ
ɱŨ˫ۻ̧ǹҷɣһСֿʼ
ǿߣҶ֪Уڴʱ̣ȴңǴһޱţ
ޱһֱһϳ˿ǰԮ֮⣬ҶæȥʱҶȴֽ
ʲô˺Կļᶼһ
ޱȻʶس֣ץУؿҶ㡣
ҶȴһЦƾʿвܷӳˣ
ģޱһ֮Ҷ˼УҶħȴڽ֮ʱ㶼˸ɾޱ׵رռÿһط
˲䣬̱ޱ߶֮£ɢһȵ֮ŨȴԶʤҶ֮ʱ
δϤ÷Ǻɱ˴ʱȴ˲ҶˣȻɱҶ㣬ҲѾ첻ޱѾȫҶ㵲κҶ㣬͵ȹޱһء
֪ˣһͷǹһǹȫС
ͨǹ
ɲǼ䣬ǹ·𻯳Ʈٵɽ֮⣬ɢȫͷֻһգۼ䣬ǰʮǹȻҪȴҲײ÷˳ȥ
ʱǰȥҪ˻һ
ôףҶһޱȴ֣һöĲҩ͵سսħֱ̧۳˱ǹεżͶȥ
СϷкοͷЦҺȣȴʹǹڣ
гǹһӭ˱ǹ˹ȥ
ʱޱȴѾ̵һŵ֮䣬֮۳ʮöС֮շ·ʮ鶯ľ飬תݡ
Щ϶Ϊһγ֮ҶԼʹʱĵޱ˵˳ޱͷʼԡ
ɣнӿٶȣһԸٶɡʮöѹǣޱ
Ȼ䣬ȴǼѾȺ˱ǹơǹը֮ȴҲҡΣһʱʧСӲԪôȴôǿ
ң˺ἱæ£ޱʱҶ߱ħȴѾһͻȻΪ޴ı˪֮㣬żݺ̤
̤
һȴȷŵıǹľսҲ˿Ҵ⣬æԭսǹ͵һ裬ǹϳȴҲΪһ˾ǹӭǾ㡣
˼ʣѻȭ𣬾Ҫޱȥ
Ứδȫ͸÷ޱȴδóȻʹС̤ǰһ߹㺮ŮƮ裬Ƭ̼ڿ֮¹֯һľ޻ӭȭͷ
ƣУһȭǻϣʱɢѡ
ƣ˴һȭͷϴǻϣȭ֮һ¹⻨ȴıˡ
ϣȴߡ˸ѹǣǰޱ
ʱ̤ǹҲײһһʱм׷꣬٣ΧʱһƬ롣
֮УҶ³һѪȻڵء
ʹȫóԼ޷Ƶ似ϼȴˡȻвħʩչħ󷨣ȴԪȻָȴ
ȴѾˡڴʱޱȴͻȻһ͵̧ʱԾ֮ƣʹԽԽջɾĥҲƵһ̣ٵת
̵ת֮У֮ݶڿ۳һ޴塣ʱֳ˷ޣﻨݣɽӣȴγһСС硣
֮ˣޱһ߹㺮ŮƮ裬̲סУһ֣̱Сסɢޱ
Ǹߴɵ֮¡¡عţѹ˹ȥ
ƿ˷ʱǰһȭȭ׺ݵش֮ϡһѹǣȴʱס֮ǰ֮ƣͣ˵ƿˡ
ˣ˵ɴ۾ҧڸܵ˿ֲζҲɲΪ֣ΧĽ֮ǿޱȣʹԼȫ޷Լ룬ȴֻӲӲһ
˵ֱ֮Ƿһȭ򣬱Ѿ֮ܵĿ¡ȭͷ֮Ӵ֮ʣ֮ҲڣڽһС
ƴȫȴûȫֹ
ɣʱ̤Ӳƴһ֮Ҳĺ˵ļᣬһеسǹ𣬱֮
ʱȴҲԶ͵һ·ײײ˼ϡһһҪ˶޷ʱײֱɳȥˤԶ߹ǾȻһʱҲ
ʣ˵۾ɵͨ죬Уھס˳һӭ֮ȫ
֮ԭ𵴣ٲǰȴû顢ʧ˼ˣоڵСԽԽɾֵز
ôĵӣȻɱҵˣҵı
ʱһͳȻ󣬵սеˣȴˡһʱ䣬˶оԼǱӲ壬ԺɲǼһƬհס
Ȼʱݣȴɫ䣡
һλڶϵĸ֣ȴڻָǺϲش


90 ǿ
һӰƮȻԶܷ֮ڸ죬ǰȥɼɽԶﴦ˴ʿ޲׳г޲ѩ
ԪӦѪɱ˼ħ
ȽϵĻκοߣȴ߱ˣµĲǹµһˡ
ˣԼʮ꣬ǰбƤͬӤһϸ壬Ũأһͷʮ费ԵÿҰ
һ׽͸ϢϢɽƺһֲۻ֮Уʹʱ̲סԲλ֮࣬
ǵͳġ˸о˼άɿհףΪֱ֮ڡ
ж磬ѩӰ֮ȣҲҪ硣ö߷һֻδƬ̣ѩӰҪ䡣
ʱɽһ±ߵϣĿɨ·ȺƺѰʲôܿо¶ʧɫűŨصʹࡣ
ޱĿͬ磬ޱƾĸĿ֮£ȻҲ
Ҷڣޱʡ
ڶҶޱļ򣬻ǰһЦ
ϷڶҰۡ߶Ҷ㣬·𿴵һϡ֮һ㡣
ޱˣмᣬ˿ҶҲ˾ȡ
ڶҰǰλĸֶȫӲ޷ʩΪĸоҶ㾹ȻɫݣڶҰϢӰ죬ǿֱǲ˼顣
Ҷ㣿ڶҰ۶Ҷ㣬ʡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ŮޡڶҰĿޱεõеģڶ¡Ƿ֣Ҷڶаںδ
Ҷҡͷұ㡭
ɱģޱǰһ˵նҶ޹ءһԪʿôܶԸǣɱģҶģ˰ɡ
ǵ˼ҶڶҰǱڳÿ˶⡣
ڶаΪɱҶ㻺ڡ
ʬڣڶҰ۵۾絶ֱҶ㡣ޱǰάҶ㣬ǸӦڶҰ۵񣬱ȫһȻ˿ڡ
ɢһءҶ˵
Ҷ֮赭дڶҰ۵΢һ˿
ȻҶ˵ڴˣȡΪ죬ƽ֮бɱΪᣬ˽κιϵ⣬ڶҲΪɱճΪᡣҪΪӱ𣬱ɱҰɣֻһڲһ·
áãڶҰǷŭͷͻȻ췢һ
Ҷ㣡øڤӣ
˫ͨ죬Ϣӿ֮ʣΧȻɳʯ·ضΪ֮ɫ
ǳ֣Ǿ漴ЦҶ㣬ˣûκδĿˣ
ǿϧ
ޱе̣ߵ뵽ҶϵտԨʯ΢΢ҡͷ
ϧЩȴȫڶҰ֣֮ҵòһǰĺôϧ֪ճʲôȻȫԵˣϧ
ޱڶҰۣĬšʱѾȫˣΪһȼǰҲãҶҲãƴҲ޷ȡһ˿ʤ㡣
桪Ѿ뷲˵磬һǿ֮ϡ
ڷ֮Уƾǿ߱Ǹ߸ϵˣֻϴڡڳǿߵǰƾ򵥵ֶѣʲô
ӣҶĿڶҰۣη壬Ӧȴһˣᵶ߾ٲ°Ӱգȴҷڤµ֮£ȴƱΪӣЦ
ЦЦɡڶҰ۶סҶ㣬գеķڤһҲ뿪
˵ˣһֻұǣ޹أҶ˵ڶҰۣǣ
ˣһ֮ʱֱȭڶҰʩ񡣡ҵȴҶһ˲ҪᡣǷڤĸ˴δǰҲרΪɱҶˡ
ڤ˶ڶҰ䣬˵ĻǶǺö¦Ϊɨ켺εӽܶаҲǷڤǷڤģ
֮һƴˣޱͻȻһһеػӶǱΪʧȥ˿ƶͣԭ˶֮ʱٴιһϵڶҰ۷ȥ
ƴڶҰ֮ȴ˿ûжܵ˼ֻ̧֣ôһơ
˲䣬Ծ췭£֮Ƶ֮ô⣬ٲǰ֡
ޱ¶֮ɫϲǿ֮ڳǿǰȻһʯûж
ǶڶҰͳͬ׺ÿС
˽ȭˣǲǵ˰
ˣʱ˿̣֣Ǳ֮ˣޱĿˣȡ
ڶҰۣ˵һ顣Ҷʣڳÿ˽СܷŹˣԸֵɱ̣ճҲջأκٶ֮ġ
СӣҲ˵ˣǷڤ˶ڶҰۺ޺޶ҪһƤǣ̻
Ȼ䣬һˮֱ֮ϣˮӿǰ֮ϣ벽ǰһƣ֮ʱѿ£δˤϣѾɢ
ɣô죿ᱻŴˣֵ˵˵Ļסزš
ɱǵģġ˵ݴսҲ
ܰɣᾪŵǧڤˣɱЩʱǾͳûܵɡ
ɡҡͷˣȥ׷ɱǣ
ô죿Ѿ˿ǻ
ô죿˼ţȴֻܿЦ
Ҳ֪Ӧô졣
ʱȴó羴ĿҶ㡣
ˣԪǿ֮ʱȴǲ˿ΪϢǷԸһ֮֮ȣѾ֮ϡ
Ҷ㣬硣
ҪһսôұƴɡҶȻô򶨴ݣּ䣬սħħȭħħһߣħ͸һ㣬ϣΪһ塣
ССϣҪڶҰվϣβֻǴһţʱһ޴Ĳ߱ڿУ־ˣ͵Ҷȥ
ҲҶЦҪңСıҧƤ
˲ʱħŭצ֮һʱצӰܲȭħȭʯ죬Ҫսħըֱ֮ʧȴڿлһֻ޴ħ֮צǲץȥħ˫ƣһΣ

һľ˺ͼλƾֿˣҲɵ۾ȻȴֻڶҰ۵һߡ
һϵˮ͵𣬻Ϊ޴ķٷ£ɲǼ䣬ͳɢצӰײȭͷϨħĻצûȵıӡ
ǰҶıԵֻգ֮䣬һеĹƶޣеħǲˮĳ֮£Ҳ٣Ҷ򱻷ֱѹס
˲䣬Ƿپͻ˲ߵľ֣ҶһץսڿС
ſޱһз𣬹㺮Ůһ֣ͬҪ֡
£ڶҰһһӣһֻ޴Ĳ߾˳ƶֱӽޱڵء
ȫɡڶҰЦţ͸ޱɱ⡣
ʱһҲѾɽ֮УҶȺΧ


91 ˻ĹŻ
ʱڶаǼǧѾֻʣˣڷЧ͡ӡŦԼѩӰĴ£Ҷߵ磬˺Ⱥо޴ʧ⣬ȴֻˣǧһ
˼ʣԪӦﱼϮսΧȴʣڶ˷һţûӱȥ
֧ȴʱ˶Ρ
һˣҲδ٣ʱҲ۳һţȲڽԪӦ֮У಻Ϊ飬м䣬ֻʮΡҲڶҰ۷ŵĻһ֪ԼֻΡ
оߣȴѾʼĥһĴӦν֮ͻԪӦΪԷϾǾˣóսԼ书ٸߣҲǽɳ֮ʤ㲻
ޱȴѾȫѪеĹâȴʢᶨػޱߣӿʱ׼
Ҷ磡Ǳ޴ĲץڰյҶ㣬š
û£Ҷɫܾ࣬ͬʱޱһ¡ŴͻΧطڤȥˣ
Ҫͬޱ˵ţµģû㣬һ߿ݹǡޱˣҾ
˵ţתˣλǲҪǣһʱѰ·ɣ
ԪӦϹ֮УҶͥһָڶҰֵۡܣұƴˣֵܱһҾһ˶
һͬŦš
ԸҶͬһǧԼҶһ
ãұȫǣڶҰͳ·ĵ죬ÿ˵飬һǧһȴ
Ҷ֮Уһͬۻ飬ɳ̾һ
λۣǸˡ
˵ʲô˻Чʹһû㣬ҲûǵĽ죡һǧ˱˭ҲԸ㣬⡮ţݺɳɱԪӦı£λͬһ壬ҾͲⳬĸԶԿһǧʿ
ɱǧźķԪӦǵʮҲΪ֮ľս
ԸҾͳȫǣڶҰ۷ź⣬ߵľ͵սҶȫʱ·Ҫܲסѡ
ޱţϵ֮У͵طԾתѾɽ£һڶҰ۴ȥ
ͭҲڶҰһһƻֱʱˮ䣬ˮף·ֱֱӻ˲ߵֱۡһֱӴŴʱ˳ȥײ档
Ƭ̼䣬ޱ仯Ƕзٴαɽ£һڶҰȥ
ҿۣȴһϺõķڶҰĿһһһץʱƾջһֻ֣ҲУޱηѡ
Ů޶С˳飬ұȫɣڶҰЦţһӼ䣬ˮޱȥ
ס֣Ȼ䣬Ҷ㱩һ鼱֮¾ȻǿޱȵȻԲߵ֮Ѷշ£˫Ƽ䣬ħԣʹһбΡ
ӿ𣬵סڶҰ۵ˮˣˮǿޱȣȴʱ˱ӣײҶϣֽޱУײɳɡ
һϣѪɫ԰ֽ
Ҷ硭ޱҶ㣬ͻȻȴЦһЦڴ˿ͻȻһָоһƺҲһֵø˵¡
ޱԲ𡣡ҶδһΣȴľˡԭҰ֮УħѾΰѾʹùȶâħ֮ԹԵţȴһԹһ㣬ܷκãҶκæ
ϧһۣȴҵ
в
ɱӣĴʴȡڶҰ˵ҾһҲɷˣ
УҶͥѾǧڷЧ͵˴£߳
һȺϣܵס֮𣿡ڶҰ۲мЦ̧֣һҶޱ䡣
Ǿ޴Ĳߣ߾ƣ䡣
ڶҰۣ㵽ܣȴҰ׵;һˡ
ͻȻ䣬һԴɣڶҰ֮ǰʱһһ仰Ȼͳȴش˵ĶУǸӦԺһľҲӲ
˲䣬˶ͣЩڵսҲͣ˽ŲԭزҶ
һ紵һߴƺһ㣬ͻȻڶҰڵɽϡӿȥʮ꣬һףޱ飬ֻ۹âһŰ֮ˡ
һ֣㻺ڶҰ۶ȥڶҰ۸ӦϢɫҲɱȴҷҶޱִֻ֣˳ûԼ֡Ϣʱתһˡ
ǺˣڶҰʡ
Ҳڳеʡ
ʵǡǿʢȻڶҰһĳǿߡһȫԪӦ˲ͬȴǷڤˡϸףʽǻװΣȫͬڷڤס
ӳӳӦŲͣһ·ǰϽӽڶҰۡ
ڳ˽һ
ҶŴˣȴһܡԼ֮ʱ湫ӣ̲סָ̧ö䡣
Ͼ΢ˣ
ڶҰ۵һҲ͵һζ
Ҳ˵ϻʣҼҵںδԹԽҿΪڶһѪʹ塣
ʲôڶҰĿһǺ⣿
Ѿȥİ;򡣡˵Ѱҵµ˶Ѿˡûҵ£㽫ص
˵ʲôڶҰ۵Բۣ֮ʲô
ʵɻŻȥЩ¶Ѹ˵Ҳɱ֮ˣҲɱ棬һɷġ
㣡ڶҰ˫۷죬Ѫϴҵİ;򣿡
ûôõġɫ䣬̽ҵ½ұĹڶϡҪ峹׻ԪӦ
ðԵĻðԵˣ
ҶˣĿ˸
ʵһжȡʵо֮ڶҰ۷ȻʵһУ˵ĺԡ
ʱڶҰۣŭЦһԪӦΪף˷ΪսĿһУ˵زڶҰҲų֮ʲôƨ£ĹӰˣȴ˱ߣˣֱˣΣ
ô󵨣ĿһͻȻ֡
˲䣬˶·˱仯ҶֻһɲǼûһȫͭս׵Զžһ֣Ҫ𶯣ݷ
ֻ̤ǰһȭֱһֱ˸ͭս׵Ļһȭ˲ƿռ䣬ڶҰǰ
ã쵹Ҫһ£˻ĹŻʵǿںδڶҰ۴һߵһС˰㣬ӭһȭһȭȥ
һˮֱתγ˿µУƺܽһСһȭ֮δȫչ֣Ѿڳĵѣеһɫڡ
䣡
һ촫ˮһȭȭͷײһʱˮĽ·ɽײƵģ
֮Уߵҡ˼£κƺܲסҪ
ȴ˿ǰһһȭֱ
һȭ˷·ֻͭ񣬸һȭٵ֮С
ɱڶҰ۴ţǰ̤һһȭͬʱȭֻȭͷһȭ֮ײһ


92 ҵʤ
ޱ飬һǰ򵥵һȭֱ
ʱڶҰȥǺ̷¶˾֮ɫæһȭӭȥˮ衣
ȭͷײؾ죬ڶҰ۵ʱһĺˡûоʹסֵ˼ǰһȭȭȥƵڶҰԻ
ȭ֮ڶҰͦסѪǰֻǳٴǰһȭ˹ȥ
һΣڶҰȴδӲӲ͵شһ˶ȥһּ䣬һƬޱߵˮĻԶȥ
ӣĿ䣬ô͵ˮĻײ˹ȥͭ׵ͻˮĻһһ׷ԶȥڶҰۡһǰһԶȥ
ڶҰԶʤԭκһƥȴƵ硣
ܵ𣿡һĵѡ
㱼ⷽ򣬵ԪӦһķ򡣡ԪӦ֮ԿңڶҰۣΪĸ֣֮ϵǿߣȻȴ޴
ڶҰľսȴһӦֻǼǰȥ
ͣ°ɣȻ䣬ȴͷڶҰ۾һæǰһݣšת泯һơ
ޱˮʱ
һֻͭȭͷݺ£ˮʱɢһƬƬɢȭͷȴֱֱشڶҰ۵֮ϣƺһֱڵ棬һˤ֮󣬲
ʱһѪۣǱȴУһྻ֮£
ҲʣҲʣڶҰ۶۾ͨ졣ԪӦ磬ԪӦ£ȴҪԼĵ֮ϣ
̣ҡͷڳǿ˵֮֮Լĵ̡֮ⷽ£ҵԶʤ㣬ҵĵ̡ڶҰۣٸһᣬʵ˵Ҽҵ¹Ѻ֮㲻ڶ岻
ڶҰ۲ţڳ̾һ׶ӳȷԾ΢³֣뽫ҪЮʥϡʵȴǿҾȻûסʱ֮գԭȥˡ
ԭˡͷҲԵµʵô׾ͱ°ֻΪβأѵʲô¶ˣ
ͷ˼ţ˷·𻯳һʯһ㡣
ڶҰ͵۴ƶһɽ֮зȥ
ΣҵҪ˵ͷͷ̧
ɲǼ䣬ͻȻڶҰ׷ȥʱ׷
˵ҲģڶҰ۾š
ⶫŮ˻ױһġɫһץסڶҰۺ󾱡ǲΪƭĲˡ
ɲǼ䣬ڶҰ۷˺ëĲҽӰԽԽСһţȻȫ
£ôҵҵöƨɲǡ
ɫȻŲԭɱȥ
һĻͷڲԶĵطһȴǿۼڶҰ۱̳ԡ壬˶Ŀɿڴ
һԪӦȫڶδ˶֣ڶҰ۾ͱǿ߻ɱһȴ֪Ǻˡ
ǵĴûᣡҶ֮࣬ȴзŹ⣬һޱ
ڶҰۿʼ֮ʱҶѽһöĲҩޱ£ͬʱڲħתҽ֮ˡʱǿ߾ȥ֮ʣȴѾָ߰˰ˡ
Ҷޱйâ˸һͷͻȻһԾ𣬻̡ʱʮ֮С磬ЩڷԪӦӶȥ
ҶҲţзųٱ̽ҲԪӦзȥ
һʱ䣬ԪӦлʵ΢Ľʿʱ̽Уȫȼ𣬲ҽжУֽͬײ֮һȼ
潣ȣСƻȴǸƲɵֻһӴͱ壬գ۹ͱơ𣬶Сһ׳Ϯȥ
ɱڶϹҶͥʱϲ쳣͵۸ߺѾҳһŵԪӦڶȥ
ɱ£һɱŶԷɱȥ
ȴȣһһ֣ϣǷĶԸԪӦ֮ʣɵҶ㣡
ϵˣͻȻ䣬ޱЦһ͵һ˲˲СʮѾΪ׳С磬ʱ˲סȴʹ˲òֿԷֵ
ʱȴҲϢǱ˹ޱ֮£ɵƵ˼ߣ͵Ϯ
Сģۼ⣬ʱȥһȭ˹ȥ
ڴʱʮС磬ȴͻȻһһ޴֮ѹȥ
Сģһæͦǹ֮ȥ
Ҳܵƴв͵شһȫһƳȫ֣һǹâ÷˳ȥæתȫƣ֮
ڴʱޱȴѾȰ˹ϴ΢Ц̧һƻᡣ߹㺮ŮƮżĴȥ
ɴ֮ʣٹ˲һԿ֮æһӿͬʱǹƮһ
ֻƮȫȻֻһУɫһ䡣
ˣˣޱЦһһֻƮһȴ߰˻ȥֱӴġ
˵һҧһ𣬵ȴʧȥ֮ѹʱ֮壬ֻ˲Ϣ֮㱬
֮ȴ֮УºϳǾ޴硣
ȫ֮ڷһУûԶȥ
ӣûôסޱһ˴ɵԶʱ׷ȥڱ˼һơſ³ѪȴͣƴҲԶȥȴȻ˦
ˡޱüããԭӵóȥ𣿡
ƹˣͶҼ£ʱ룬ҲһɢԪӦΧ׷żȥ
ҶޱûȺڤˣٴηȫ¶ԿЩԪӦ
ձԪӦȻʧȥ쵼ߣʮȻӣʱȫһڡ
λӳ֮£뷢֮УԪӦȴֱӱĻǿֱ֮ɱ
ֻǧˣԽɱԽ£ɵԪӦһȴǾĴңֻ˼ݵɽ֮УȴѷƣǲֱӣԼɽȥҲһ
ˣһս֮ԪӦﱻɱǧһֳɽȣȥһλòݣɽȥ׸һͬˡ
һʱ䣬ɽǶսԼԪӦڶʬ塣
ʤʤŦۣۻš˶ԣ˴δʤȴи塣һֱѹŦһͷϵڶҲн죬ᡣ
ԱҾߡҶٶ飬׼롣
ɡޱһָȵսôսƷϣ񲻿ϧЩսǲԭԣؾпǴ󹦡
ɱΪ׹Ҷͥʱս֮ĶɻȻнȴֻ˼˼ѡֵΪСС˷ѹ򡣡
ôǽЩսأޱ˵һ룿ʵָĿɲֻǸ˵书㹻ĲԹӶǿΪǶս
⻰ӴͷЩԪӦսףųӣҽƹȻҲǲԭңϵսֳԪӦ׵Ķ죬ǵ׺սܴҹϺõļǮ
áҶͷô͸λ֯ҾսʿٴɨսսƷȫߣ
ǣӵ˷ܵͷ


93 ط
һսޱȣҲջ޴Ҷָ˿Ϻ󣬷ִһսøǧǧףսǧƥ
ʵһʲƸ
Ҷж׼ƥΪߣȳƥȸԼװʣƥֱӱӣʣˣ˿뿪ɽȡ
ŦʱҶǰع°ݡ
ôˣҶʡ
˴֮£Ŧϰ𡣡Ŧޱȵ˵ҷŵŦˣѾˡʬ֮ҲûѾˡ
Ĺж񡣡ҶҲΪ⣬ֻһЦ룬ƭڶϵȦףȴȫǣʹǵȱһսƷ
˴δսʵաŦͷ˵и׷ڶҰ۶ȥֻǡ
δ£㲻ҪȥɡҶ˵̶Ŧ򡣡
Ŧ̧ͷȻѾ֪Ǽƣ͡
ȥᰲ𣿡ҶЦˡȻ֪ǵһƣδۼŦһʼղܰİɣңҾ˴δʤڶϣȴ˿ǵԼᶨҺ֮ģǳȴʱ
ǰ;հҶͥ޵ǵ˵ϾԪӦ˵ĵ̣ǶôӴױǲ
ǲѾαװԪӦ𣿡ҶһָھʿڸαװɴˡΣյĵطȴȫԪӦҲ벻зڤ˴ĵشƤ¹ɣ
漴˵ȴҪ˶ΪŦϿǵʵʱڶҰڶϴңŦĻᣬô˻˵Ŧϸʱ˾ȷʵգдգܵջ񡣡
ġҶͥһͷ
Ҷ㽫ֳɼ飬еǰ죬еںϺеĸӣеĸ𾯽ܱߡһһ·ǰУٶȲȴ뻮һ
һ󣬴ǰŦΪĸֻ˼̽飬Ϊߴ˽ǰͺĸģŦϵĲݳ벻Ҫ
ŦŦʱǰ˽ȥ˵Ҷ㽫ݷã
ҶһŷЩȻԪӦ˵·ȴȫͬףһҲϵŦ֪ϴлڼԨ̶ʸҶˣҵ
֮Ŵ󿪣Ŧ޾Ȼ뼸λߴӭҶ㡣Ҷ㲻ҵæ߶ѩӰǰѩӰһ֣ȻӭʵҶĳܳ
ڹͣȻҪ֮ӦġŦЦݣҶǰɡЩʿӡڳϢģһƼȣ輧ŮϲǾ˵
˶񡣡ҶһЦһڵϵ£Ŧ޽Сһ·ŦУνǸӡ
Ŧʱ˹ϾϯƱĿҶ΢΢һЦҶδ´Ļڶеľޱйذɣ
ǴˡҶ㻺ͷ
û뵽ڶҲн죡ĩϯϼؽ;Уڶǿ߱նɱһգ;򼸺ǻֻһЩ׸棬Ǵģ
ҶǷйأһλ̽ʡ
²ҶĳΪҶҡҡͷڶϵһλ˲õĸ֡
Ŧ޴һ漴ͷֲڶ֮ô׾ͱƽȴԭɵģ㲻ϡˡ
ҵ˽ˡҶʵʵ˵
ޱ⡰ϡҲһ֪ࡣ
⵹֡ŦһЦҲڶҰἰˣ֪ôһǿߡǿߵ磬Ǵֻͬһȴһһ¡Щ֪ǵ£ڶҰ˵˱ǿ߽ԳΪսδǿ˼ġ
ŦҶ㣺ҶȻ֪ڶϰ;Ϊƽô֪һ˰ɣ֪ڶҰںδ
ѾˡҶ㵭һЦ
ˣŦ޺ͼλ϶ԾС
ѵһλѿʵ
Ҷһͷ
ʲô£ĺ֣ŦȻ
ҲûʲôֻҪӲ˵ʵѡҶ˵赭дġĻϾ΢֪ΪʲôԭԪӦڶҰ۶ڶҰû£ѣȴΪʧٲǱڶҰסǾͶˡ
ʵڶҰһʼͽ˵ɱޱ˵ֻǳ֣˵İ;²֣ȴҲֻ˵ʵٱɵ
˵ʱԼȴļΪһ뵽ڶҰ͸оȫ䡣
λǣŦڵͷ֮Ҳע⵽ޱԼɢϢУӦ侹ȻԼͬĸ֣ɰԼʧ죬˸֣Ǽæʡ
λҵĺѣڤƺ¥¥үӵŮޱҶܡ
ԭС㣡ŦȻ𾴣æС겻ʮˣ޳ƾ֮ʵţԪӦƫԶ֮صʿҲԴС㼫壬վȻԵʶң
ҡޱȻЦٱ
һڴҲɴ۾һüˣ۽ģ
Ҫ˵ţҲҶ硣ޱĿͶҶ㣬۲ת⡣Ҷ䳤һ꣬ʱȴԶԶңȴѾﵽԪǲš
Ԫһ˶һɴ۾Ҷ㡣
һ֪Ҷʥ伶Դ˴Ҷݷ֮ʣҲר۲Ϣʱޱһ˵ɶһæо۲Ҷ㣬ʱӦϢѾȫ֮ͬǰȴǴﵽԪ
ѣ㲻ʲôšҶ΢΢ҡͷ
ҶҲŦ޿Ҷ㣬˴Ĵָ
һڴҲޣгĽ𾪡
Ҫ֪ɲʲô伶Ӣ伶Сԡ䡱֮۵ʥһԡΪԪһδԽףһҲǿ䡱롰ķֽϣٲôҶ̶ʱڣȴ˽⡭
ֱһԶԡ
񡯵̸ϣ˰ˡҶ˵˴ΣڶҰ۵ǺѣҲ˵ҾͻԪӦˡ
ʲôŦһҶ˵ĺѣ
Ͼ΢ҶһЦ̧ﲻǷڤҲѣҲŸҶʵʵ˵ֻɴ£ҵġ
벻Ŧ޲ɸ̾û뵽Ҷ澹ȻҲ
²ҪɡҶһЦϾڤĹϵôһ΢
ѹҶշڤĻԿĩϯϲɸпеһǿߵĹȳҶӵȻҲˡ
Ҷֻ΢Цÿɷ
ޱȴǻ飬廰ˣ˴ڶҰڶϵһﱻƣǵǰ;ǿ߾ʧŦϵĴûᰡ˴ҶǰҪɻ׺ƥֳһŦϣŦϻڶϣԼݳ
⻰Ҷ֮ǰδ˵ȴޱʱ⡣
Ҷ㾭ôһ㣬ȴʱʶЩսƷҲ£Ŧϵĺöޱʵһ֡
ɲǼ䣬뵽ˡʣ΢΢һЦȻһ
ޱĿУҲЩ


94 ֮Լ
ޱĻŦ޺ͼλϵ۾ȫ
ģŦʡ
ҲͿȴΪΣҶ㵭һЦޱһͷޱ˵ɡ
ޱϬ˼Ǵ½ԼȫȨһЦҶ˵ˣҪŦһǧһǧףսһǧƥ
սеһ˵ʲôŦҲһС˵ȴһݴŦһڴԣʱ׷Ҷ㱧ȭ
ҶҲʧ
ʵ̫ˡ΢Ц
ŦҡͷŦһ˵ǴҶ˿֮ǰҶ֮⣬ȴ๼ʵġҶŦһܵѣŦκεطĴţԶΪ򿪣
ãҶһͷҶĳҲض㾡ȫŦһԪӦٲκѹȣ
ԶԱȭɶЦ
λԭҶֻԥʱȴҲ¶˾ġ
һӢܣǿָ˴󷽣ʵûɲ֡ڶҰڶϰ;ǿ߱ɱ˸ɾһֱҶȥ֮ʣȴٿڶϵŦĴûᡣ
ĻᶼôŦ֮ˡ
ǶĲȴʤ㼫ĶĲӮˣŦϴˣǱһ򣬹͵Ӱˡ
һܱʧá
ǵԸҶȴѲ͸֪ˣԼѾԪӦڲһöƻӣǿԪӦ֮ңԷڤ߹ءڤ߾İգкܳһʱ԰ҵ
Ҳ֪ⲻǳ֮ơνΪֻŦһζ󣬿½һһͳԪӦ֮󣬾Ƿڤ֮ѡ
Ҳʮ֮ˣʱҶԼѹһǿͬʱԼµսߣͨóٽУʹ߾ս¡
Ǹ˰Ŧ޴ЦţҶڶҰ۵Ѷֵ󱭣
ĩϯϾ𱭣ɱ
ڻЦоٱ
Ҷڴ˶סЩʱհɡŦ޷¾ƱЦҶ㡣߹ǱʱӦòʲôٶЩдУǵĻǧ˿ƵϵǴפûл֮ԪӦǲġ
ԪӦȻҲ¦ǵ£Ҷ㵭Цʡ
¦ǲǰñֶζѣŦغһǲԭӣǺˬĿܣȴԲŮԼ챦򶯣һĳ߹ôս£ԪӦ˲ɵӣ֪ǷڤµһǿҪԣкκô
߾֮ңپ£ȴб˽ҡҶ˵ͷ¦ǽ˷˴ƣҲõ˸ľȨңͨԪӦʱԽԪӦ֮ƣƹȨ
ӣŦ޺һһתҶ㣺Ҷкδ㣿
ҪȵƹһˡҶ˵֮ǰѾƹˣһֱûлһ棬˴Ǹᡣ
Ҷͣ޵ѵãݺţȴѵáŦ޻ͷϹ֮ʱֻҲ˵õݺңս֮к绽꣬һ˰һ
ˡҶҡͷǫ顣
ޱڶȴãͷ۾ʼղҶңһģ
֮ɫѺڣŦϯΪҶ㰲סԪӦϣȴŦ˻ȥ
һźǡ˵ն
Ҳáϯϵͷ΢ЦŦΪӮһλ˹ȻΪͣҲֵãպŦǿһ죬Ҳ֮͡
ҡŦͷʩһĨ˷ܵЦ⣬˴ϺԼűߵŷȴҶҹ
ʱ̣߹ϣҶ㾲ԺУŦϯϵĶԻ΢΢һЦ
Сҹ¶أٺ˺ޱվҶ߹е˵
Ԫһսٲ֣Ѱʿ֮Ҷ㿴ȴٴһЦôηҹ
㿴ң˺ͿޱҲЦˣˣ˵ѵԪˣǺ֮ڣ㲻ʹη庮䡣Ҳأ֪ǿУȴû֮Ƶġ
Ҷɲκһ⣬ֻһЦת⡣
顣˵һʱȴû뵽ɻ֮תŦϣһѣҲʶ⵹ǲǮĺ񡣡
ôǲǮޱҡͷЩɶǵĲƸ˽ƹǮĺöǾãȻѵõĻᣬҪþ취ץסȻЩﻹǺܴ˵ġ
ԭӣӵ޷Ǿǿ쵶ؼ׺ԡҶ˵Щȴܴǵġ
㻹˵һޱЦ˵
ʲôҶʡ
˰ޱ˵ҪĵҪŮҪŮˡ
һá֣ɺѰζҶ㶢
ޱСһ¾ͺҶһۣᣡ˿Ǹǫǫӣôȴô᣿ץ˼ﲡ˼Ѱģ֪˼ҲǸ˼
ĸ˼Ҷʡ
ǡǡޱɫˡ
ҶЦˡ
˼ҲˡޱһתҪߡҶȴһס֡
ɫǹˣЦǵԭͲԭҹɫƷԭƣ֪䣬ҲǼõġ
˭֪ˣޱ
ȻǵޱСˡҶ˵֪ģ֮⣬ھ֮Ϊ
»ޱ˵
ȥǲȥҶҲ˵ϻֻǵЦע
Ϊβȥޱ˵ѵһҲ𣿡
ҲҶ΢΢ͷƾˣһ͡ѩӰ
һѩӰʱ˳׷ǰ
ŦҶٻһŦʱŷ˳
кηԸ
׼ƣһ⣬Ҫﵽԭ¡Ҷ˵
ϾŦһͷȴʱⶼ˹øɾͲţȺġ
ȥɡҶŦֿʼԸ¡
ŦʱЧȴЦԺ˳Ŧ֡ϯϼֵܶûкʹ죬Ҫٺأ
ǰҲ˳Сӿɲܣǲԭӵľ͸ƴˣǹ൹ֵܿҪƲˡ
ǡŦҶ㣬ʱСҲ˳һһ첲Ժק
㣬̫ԶҶͥȻҲԺ˳Ҷ㶣
Ҷ㲻ЦˣޱѩӰתۼ㱻ѩӰԾȥ
Сӣ׻һͣô飿ʱЧͲɸŦһȭЦ˵û˼ҲӼҪȥô¡
Ŧ죬磬޶۵úܣָҵ㣬¸ѡ
ޣġҲ˳ָŦšҶ֪ʱܲŸ磬ҽˣȴ
Ŧ죬ֻɵ֡
ˣݺȾȥЧЦţӵŦԺڶȥ
ĵϱҲǼõġҶͥȥķʮص˵ͷ㰡ɵϧҿƺҲ˼ǲ飬ǹˣ
ҡͷЦЦҲȥˡ


95 ԭҹɫ
¹࣬ϣѩӰط󣬷紵ݶһԭҹɫУҶޱִһֻ״ƿԶ
˶ڿտƣʱҲץţԡֻֻһ̽ʱȴֻޱɺ֣ǲǹģ
ʲôģҶʡ
֡ޱ˵
ҶЦˣжɷҪý˵ţȥޱ֣ŵޱһֱ˱Ҷ㲻Ц
ˣޱ޺޵˵
ȴƫƫԸ⻵˵ĽҰҲ»˳㣿ҶЦʡ
ʵ˵ãȻ¡ޱҲЦˣҿɸһأҲңǽ绢Ҷˡ
˵Ҷ㿴ˣǷʤ֮
ȻޱͷǼһﲻ˶࣬зԲʤҡǿȴˡ
ܷңǵʲôˣҶʡ
ޱԥҶһЦ㣬˰ɡ
Ҳûʲô㡣ޱҧҧ촽ֻѡ
үүʲôϵҶ˵С֮ʱ˼չˣһֱмģʵѾ֮顣㡭
ޱòֻĿޱúͷʣôˣ
үү˼ƺ¥ҶЦˣ֪Ҫλ£𣿡
ޱɫˣô֪
ȻǡҶ˵
˵ޱˣһסҶ졣Ҷܵһůϸ壬ȴ΢Ц಻
ޱžòףæֳ˻Ҷ㣺㳹׿ˣǸˣ
˵Ůרϲ˵ġҶ˵
ĸƭ˵ģޱһ
˾˭ΪҪ㣿ҶȴͻȻɫʵΪֺֻԪӦ֮ڣЩԶ˵𣿡
ҲûʲôԵġޱҲЦ֮ġҵ˽ֽܣǷŵšһֱŶһƺ¥̣һƺ¥һҶԿչȳǣһ֮ơүүҲһֱΪǶͷʹΣүүҪ½ԪӦأһû֣Բ͵ܳ׷æȴڲԭ·ֱֽһڷ֣š
ţֽܡҶ㻺ͷҼסˡģлᣬһ㱨𡣡
ѽʡʡɡޱ⻰ˣȴҡͷԷһɣλƾĸأɲҪǡ
·ϣһҪټӰѾǡҶ㻺ͷҲҪȸ㣬һ֮ʱ֣ʲôţʲôֽܣ
ôءޱЦˣ漴ɫ֮£ɲ̰У߻ħǼֲ¡㣬Ѿָǳ£˭ȣôʱͻƵԪѾ漣ɲ̰İ
˵ѾǹеĶе֮ɫԡҶ㿴۾ƺģһʱɳУôؿš
ޱ˿ţɫʱ죬æתͷ˼ҿʲô
ɫǹ⡣ҶЦˡ۾峺Ļӳˣȴһȥ۵ףֱõöˡ
ȡЦɡޱһ
˵үүֻԪӦΪʲôҶתƻ⡣
ΪǷޱȴͻȻʡ
أϹ֮ʱ롢ȵޡҶ˵ȴֻ񻰴˵ϲκ˼ǵӰ
ˡޱͷһЩǹٷ伮ȴأϹ֮ʱȷʵйЩޣ֪ΪʲôȴֶʧˡҲֻΪǽǴ˵񻰣ֽȴĳһֻޡ
ޣҶԾС
ǡޱͷϴţһֻӵԶ岿ѪޣΪʳĳһ˲õָѪ˱仯ܽ׽֣䱾ۣǿĲϣοڻһ˲õıԽ޲ģȫѰҡᡣֻмǻۣȴǽƻúܣԷڤ¶أȴܵԪӦˡ
ô˵үүᵽʤɽȥҲΪ׷ѰˣҶʡ
ǵġޱͷ
ôԵ֣ȴҲйءҶ㻺ͷˮľɽ״磬үүϾ΢ʱǸʶ˵Ե֣ȴǽ𰡡
ôޱҶ㣬ͻȻ˷˵лԵѰ䣬ǡǵõأ
ҲδûֿܡҶ㻺ͷ
ͻȻޱڣһôˣЩȴڲŶҺгֱʱҰ
ʲôСһôáˣޱԾҶ⻰ʵ޷ӿڣֱתƻ⣬ĸ㡮һˣ
Ҷ㲻ҲЦˡͬʱҡͷ
үүȻҹϵܣޱȴǳʶһʶ֮ˣȻ֮¡ദˣ˽ҵΪˣԸ˵һУȴ֮飬ôƣȴԶ˱˴˵Ĺϵ
ڴʱȴ֪⡣
ޱȻ˲õĲŮŻ֮ϵġ
֪䣬Ŀּޱϣޱɫٴη졣
𣿡Ȥʡ
Ȼ¸ࡣҶ㻺ͷ̾
һź졣ޱЦһͷҶ㲻ҲЦ
ǾͶȥƹ˵ʣµǧǧףǧƥսҪ컻ɲƸ˵öԣƸҲһ֣Ϊо޴ĲƸͿָӸΪЧ֮ҲжԿ¦ǵ
¦Ǵ˿ɲöԸޱ˵үү˵ţ˲Ȩı֮տǷڤһĸ֣ǳеǿߡֻؼȴδչ¶֣˵ĪݣΣȴδ֪
ֹҶ㻺ͷлʮλһҲǳĸ֡򣬷ڤܳɵǿ
Ҳûʲô¦ǵݣȻԳ氵ɱİϷĵλ־񽭺һʲôֻԳ͢ĹأøıֶԸҡ
ҶһЦҲЩֶΡ
ĵλȨƣȴ㡣˵һλˣôֻԶݶأʲôʱ˶Կ֮ʲôʱ֡ϧȴүҪõµĴ
У˲¦ǷֱԼҲǳءޱЦˡҵͦϲʵġ
ϲңҶЦʡ
ޣޱһۣѽǸˡ
뻵Ϊ飬νͣҶЦ
Ϊ̻ܽͽʹһƣյƹޱһ˵
˵ȴˣҶȣܷһݣ
˵ģݡޱȴ˾վһׯϵļƣҶݡ
ҶȴֻЦ
ݰޱ
ҵ͹˵Ҷһ
㡭ޱߺһˣ
˵ģҿҪˡҶһ
ݰޱվˡ
һءҶ˵
ޱæȥ졣
Ҷ㲻Цޱɫȴֺ֮ˡ
ѩӰʱ̧ͷ˿ˣޱȣЦ


96 Ӳ
ǱŦϣһ·УҶһڽ˽ƹڡ
һ·ڲԭϱۣҲӽ˴ĳ򡣼ôһ뾳ڣسǵʿҲɽȵԼݺ󣬽űʱ˹
һֱϰͳֵܵģȴ˼ϰʵҲǴ󽫾ְЧͲɿЦ
󽫾Σ޴󽫾ʵȨǫ˵˵͢һֶӳѡ
Ҳ˵ˡҶͥѵõҲЦλȴҪһء
ᵽӲɺաҺ͹ʵûȵġ
һ·˵ЦŽ˳ǡŰӵ⣬ǽһ׺սȫǷֻҲ֮£;ɢΪҶÿһǣ㽫ӻһ
ˣһڽƹǰǽ֮ǰһս󲿷Ѿȴһ롣
һԪӦӣƽҲһһԪӦԼΪȴҲֻһ
ֵǮģȴսһڶսϵȺȴ˺üǮÿƥƽʮ壬׵룬ȫ֣ܹǽʮ塣
ȻʱҶͷǧ׺ս͢󣬿϶һȫ֣͵Ѿȫˡ
һʴƣҶʹһԾΪ޸
ޱҲ˹λλۣж⡣ҶȫΣȻҲֵðЩ˵½Լ徲
죬һ˽ľʿɲ֮ǰЩؾôô򷢣ȻݣȴǱ֮⡣ǣӳɽӳɽ˽󣬾Ҷ˲Žڡ
ҲֻҶϵӣǧ˴ȴֻӪϢҽƹؾҲǿ˷
Ҷ㵹ҲΪ⡣
УȴӳɽλӳԴҵ̶ӭҶ㣬һʱ첽ǰȭҶʩ񣺡Ҷֵܣʵû뵽ݹٱֹôҲɸ˹֪ͨһô׼
ֻ©ϢԽƹҶ㵭ȻһЦ
λޱСɣӳɽĿҶߵޱһ񡣡ŴյԵһң
ҵޱֻ΢΢һЦ
ȵ˵ɡӳɽһͷһ֮УѡϺõķ䰲Ҷס¡
һ˸ϢӳɽӣҶޱҶͥһ뵽˿֮¡ޱΪĲŮƾĸ֣ҶͥȴҶ׸֮ʡ
ºӳɽҲףֱʣ˵ҶֵԪӦڿǾһ٣ۼ֤ԪӦڶڶҰ۱ɱ
ǡҶһͷڶܵشŦһûֻҪ֮ˡ
˵ŦһѾʽˣӳɽʡ
Ҷ΢ЦԴ˲ԡ
ãӳɽĴָҶֵܹȻ˲õӢۣôʱڣԼԪ֮£ԪӦһ֧壬ҿֵɾʹµʱֻҲԶˡ
ԪӦȻԷڤͽƶкôҶ˵ԪӦһң¦ǵҲҪۿۣ֮ȻҲкô
ҽ¶˵ˡӳɽͷҲ֪ԪӦڵıʣ˶ԴҲȤ˵ֵܴһս
ǵġҶͷСҲǸո𲽣ҵײýɻڶϵĿ쵶Щҵס٣˵ֻ͢£ԷɢʱзˣֻһЩר׼͢ס
ӳɽ̾˿ƹɢһ˱һУԪӦ岢еĸֶЩưɡȺúϢұ˽ʽЩֵõ˵֮°ɡ
ҲáҶ㻺ͷ
һգҲˣһ£ڱ֮ϢڶҶͥȥ콻׵£֮󣬱ʱ˻
ʲô£Ҷ˪һλʱʡ
빫ȥһ˰ɡǻһȭȷʵЩ¡ڽףȴзڤٳִֹͥ޷ᣬ
ڤ٣ޱһôзڤľ٣
ߣȥҶʱȥǻ·˹ݺշתս֮
δǰҶ˴ʣ㣬ǲǷڤˣǲǷڤľ٣ڶսףŻرңȴܵˣʲô˼
ֻҶֱͥ磺ǷõģȻȨá
ȴ֪˵ʲôźá
ʲô˹ô󣬹¾ȻܵƹˣҶȻޱһ𻺲ߵС
ֻʮڤˣüĿվڵһҶͥҶͥȴһΣҶ㵽һæǰ˵㣬ЩǷڤеĽʹ󽫾˲õĸ߹١
Ҷһͷǰ
ǺˣڤΪǰʡ
ԶҶ㡣Ҷ㵹Ӧ
Զһ漴һָҶ㣺󵨣ΪԶǰפضԿԪӦˣȴܵ󷢺ƣ
˵ޱЦΪԼǷڤʵ۲ɣ
Ҷ㣬˵㡣ΪߵޱһۣȻǲԸŮӶѿ࣬ûǶסҶ㡣˵Ѿص۶ôȴҿ񣬶ܵƹˣ
ʲôˣΪܵƹҶ㷴ʡ
ܵ𣿡Էߡ
ôǸúܣҲܲҡҶ΢Ц
ӵ³ʹƹƹѺðΪǣͬԿԪӦϡ
ӵ£Ҷ΢鲻ɫôλӣǷǷʥ֮
󵨣һۣ֮Ҳܵã
λҶȻʥ֮ǻ٣Ҳ̸ʲôƹѺðｻǻӵ£ƹͼΣҾͲ֪ô˵ˡ
󵨣ȣʮҲΧҶΧһԲϱҪֵļơ
˵𣿡ҶЦ
Ҷ㣬˵֮¡˵Ҷ㣬Ȼе顣㲻ڱ߹פأص۶ȴܵƹЩսƣǺε
Զ֮ʽ󹦣˧ݼ١Ҷݶ𡣡кڽƹУ̽·ԪӦұ˽֮һӦջõƹǮ֮У
ΪβЩͻҹʡ
ͻȥТ׳𣿡ҶЦʵ˵ҲƹùϵʹҹƽԪӦ뷨ЩսǲԭԣڲԭǴȥҲѷЩױǲԭӹ֮ҷڤȴ޷ʹáҽ֮ɲУǺ£
øƱ֮ߣȻǧҲҪһӦʿ£
ôεأҶЦʡ
ӵĶӽƷڤϵҡЦ±֪ʥϣٲĹ͡ǸҪԸ⹦Ҳû취
ǸˡҶҡͷǵûʥּ֮æҶĳǲܰˡ
ȴɲˡ˴Цλֵܣˣ͸±Ȼͣ
ǣʮ۶Ҷ㣬ϴŵЦǰ
ޱЦҶ㡣
ǸѵɡҶЦ


97 
ǺðޱͷһЦͻȻˡ
һȺУǿĲΪˣȴҲʥ伶𣬴󽫾ľְޱƾֶǶִ֣֮ӦսΪȴֻüѾޱһߵ÷˳ȥԶԶˤڵϡ
ˣޱһƵشˤȫڵ
ʲô£ʱѶӳɽ˸ϵһⳡ棬ɿЦ
ҶֵܣôԼȴˣ
ԼˡҶ΢΢ҡͷֻһССĽЩȴǻӵµĲڡ֪֮Ҹʡ
ôˣӳɽһ֣½̧ҽκ󣬵Ҷ㡣
ǼǷڤˣǳЩսʣҪսȥҶһЦū˹ˣȴײ壬˶ѡ֣һλӳʹǷҹʥּ⣿
Ƿڤ¦¡ӳɽ˵޷£ҹҪҹ֧λǶٺô֮ġҿ˱ºǫѷȴǺ¦һˡ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ȻҪƫ¦һЩˡӳɽ̾˿¦˵ҲֻǿͷϽе죬ûʲôôݡ
ҶҶһͷҷڤʥ긻ǿ죬Ѷ´Ϊ̫ӣҪλ֮£ֻ¡
ҡͷһЦƹǾλ֮Уֻ¶Լк
ȷʵӳɽΪȻֻǶԷڤ˽⣬ΪҶֵܣ֮ʱ˵˵Щ£Ȼһߴһȴǹ֮Ѱ
ġҶ㵭һЦɣʣȫͼۺˣҲһ⡣
ǿɶлˡӳɽһЦ
֮̽°ףһսʣһҫ۽壬Դϲ
һڱ˵ĽǣȴûϢҶڹס˼գҲ¦ʲôơ
δ˶еɣӸӼɵ
֮ˣǼ򵥽ɫ
գӳɽȴ˺ϢҶ㣬硣
Ҷ֮⣬ҲǶӸʹáӳɽҶڳڣһȥһ߶ֻ¦⣬֮£⶯ҡ˴ΣͿֵıˣ˵ﶼܣֻҹҪת֧¦ˡδѲⰡ
Ƿѽʯ֮¶˵ˣҶʡ
˵ˡӳɽһͷ͸ʡʵ˵ıǮҲҲž¦һ֮ĻһҾ̴Ͽ뿪ˡ
Ҷ㲻Цˡ
¦УڡҶ˵ȥһֱǸĬĬŵĽɫ˹˶˽١ԭһ̵Ĵ˴ǷҲҪμӣ
û˵ӳɽҲҲҲ򵥶㣬»ᵣ¦ٶҲҹСɫ£Ҳס
֪Ҷ㻺ͷ
֮Уӳɽ֮£˴֮ڡ
ƹڤһȣֱҲ㲻ϣ縻̻󻧵һ㡣ĴҶ㿴ҲһгصĹٵ൱õҲǻƾˣ֪ƹȷʵ΢ǿ
֮ڣʱѾ˾磬ȴƷڤϰһΧȴǷڴ׳󷽣һˣʮ꣬úܺãһǺ⣬Щ֣ӷסһ˫۾ţʱо¶ӳɽҶޱҶͥҶͷ΢Ц
ҹϡӳɽҶ
ֱߵһų󣬶һλʮṫӡòãһִȣһ;һ
λҶ㽫ɣĿҶͥ΢Цʡ
¡Ҷͥæһ񣬡Ҷֳͥλֵ㡣
˵ţһָҶ㡣
Ŷ΢΢һҶ㡣˵Ҷ伶ʿôʱһﵽʥ伶ѵţû뵽û뵽ҶȻѾﵽԪ
ǿ̿ټϼ˰ˡҶ㵭ȻһЦһ񡣡¡
ض񣬲ض񣡡ҶĿ仯̾Ҳоȣмϲ
ҶȻӢܣдӢţҷڤ֮ҡʱֱӵЦ⣬˸оȫů
δϴ°ɣҶ㹰ʩǹȴæվǹһ
ǡƽ̬ȴţޱҲаһ
¶ˡҶ˵
Ҷɡ˵
ҹӣֻǾһбȴϯ񲻺ϡҶ
޷¦ҡͷһЦ˵زǷڤ͢ǱӦסǣΪѾҶ˶
ˣˡҶһЦƮȻ¡ޱҶֱͥҰ
λᣬȴﵽƾѵǷڤλĲŮޱ𣿡ޱ΢Цʡ
СŮޱһЦѵñ¾Ȼ֪ҡ
ʮͣʥ伶ʮʱֽԪʮʱƾһ΢Ц˾֮ţ˽֪ʵ˵ɣ֪ƺ¥֮Ҳ֪㣬֪лƺ¥һɡ
¹ˡޱһЦЦ绨ġ
¦Ŀ΢΢˸ԣҷڤ֮
¿֪ǰ֮£ҶĿ¦ʡ
һᡣ¦΢΢һЦ£ȴ֪ߵغֻ֪Լһ̣ʵʧҶģѾǼˣҲ֪ٲ֮ᷢˡ
λ˵ȴʲô°ʡ
ûʲô¦ӦҼĲ£֪ߵغҶѡ
Ӣޱ¦˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
֮Ҷ¡¦ȻޱһЦݣתҶ㡣
ҡҶ˰֣ж¦ȴǼɵˡ
֪ƣǷʥ֮ǡ¦̽ʡ
ֻԭܵʽһ¡¦΢΢һЦ˵ǳġ֪ҲǵˣҲ׼
֮⣬ȴˡҶЦˡ
˵ύȨԱλʱռưɣ¦ЦˣȻѻ˵ϡȷʵд⡣ҶЩڤΣ㵱Ǻǻסһµһǿ⸱ӣҶθ룿
θ벢ҪҶصõˮ©Ҫǻһ뷨
¦Ҷ㣬ͷĿ֮⡣
ҸȷʵǸˣȴǺûʵۡ˵һζ֮£ȴɾ˳һɼƳ·ڤ˻𣬱߾ҲӰ쵽ڽ񳯸٣ʹڤǿԪӦʹ䲻ΪȴǶܱ߸кô
´˻䵽ʥ϶Уֻ¡ҶһЦ
ҹ䣬Ǹ𱸣ҲӦ¦һɫҶд־ĻµˣϲתԺ˵Сˡ
˵ţת£ǿķڤǽƵѣǽƵзڤڣԪӦ㲻ҶԽƹ֣ڤΪԼƣΪƳ֡һԹ˲Ͼķڤǽƹѡ
ҹ£λرʡ
ҶĿס¦


98 ˽»
¦ĻشҪ˵ôҶûϷˣϽƹԿ¦ǵļƻֻܻӰ
ʱ¦ôһ̵Ľɫ֣ڤƽøΪӣǺ¡
ƣػرƹ¦ݶʱһὫ߾ƣַڤɽֲݳøƹͬʱʱƹԪӦԪӦ֮أ֮Դ˺ãڤ¼޽ƣͬġңڤԶƹ깩ȴֺٴͽơ
ˣȷʵҪ˰ͷ
һޱҶ˵ǽҶˡô죿
磬ԺȱáҶ˵
¦Ļȷʵջ󣬵Ҷϸ˼ȴҲѰƽ֮Ȼʣ㲻˵
˵¦Ӧ֮ԣý£ۣߵҪ
ʱģȴǽ
ֻǳԺȣҶͥȴ
ǷſǡҶһЦƱ
²ҷڤӣȻܵƹ֣֮ԪӦһ㡣ҶڴˣȾһףʵֺԸ
Ҷ롣¦ЦݣٱҶ¾ƱҶ㣬е˵Ҷſкܣȴ޶ܵһų⣬ΪƽģѰ֣ص۶֮ضȫ㡣붯㣬ȴҪȹһء
͵·ˡҶһЦ֮䣬ЩˣҲƵᡣͬһͬΪ˳ͬΪʥϱ˴˼ʲôޣ
ҶԼǡ¦ͷƱҶҾ㡣
ҡҶٱӦ
پһҶƣٱףԸºԸʵ֣ʹƳΪԭһǿڤá
ãЦٱ
¦ȴĿޱЦݡ˵ϲԣȴ֪Ƿֻǽԣ
ҵǰޱ˵ŮټүеýȴΪ飬ԾҲϲҪ֪ؼʱ̣ܾһأ
⻰٣¦ͷȷʵмءʵҲǰ֮ˣռֻǼ͵ıȴһ㡣µһƥǧоȷԣֲȷпʱҿ
ðޱһЦ
ʱʼһһ̸Цһһûһģĵȫԡ书֮£ȴƷҴ£Ҷֻ΢Ц֮żһ仰ȴԡ
¦Щ⣬ֻޱԻ̸֮֮֮˵Խ̸ԽͶԽԽ
ҶͥɰüҶֻһζԲ˺ȾƣȴȫĻ⣬Լ¦̸ûȵޱɼסҶʹɫҶȴ·δһ㣬ֻԹԳԺȡ
Ҷͥȹϵϣȴ޴ʹֻܱм尾ţȴǾʹࡣ
ò׵ȵɫڣ˽ѴŸȵ˫ʣ̳޵¦ɲ²ŻסĹݡ
Ҳ߰ɡҶȴδҶͥޱȥ
ҲҶͥȴǼˣһ·ϲɵ𱸡¦ͽ̸ûȣ㵹ǲ弸ȥڿɺãҿ˼ҽѾԺȥˡ
˵ţֿ˿ޱҡҡͷֹ
ҲҪңֻź¦̸𣿡ޱЦˡ
ûʲôҶͥҡͷ˶ҵ֪Ҳһ£ˡֻǲ֪Ҫһ뿪Ҫ¶ȥʹ컰Ǻ׼͹𡣡
ޱΪ⣬Цˡ
ҶҲЦ
ЦʲôҶͥü
ЦʲôޱȴҶ㡣
Ҵֱԣ⡣Ҷ˵Ц¦ҪƲˡúһƥǧԼƨɻûȣת۾Ҫ鵽ˡ
ô£ޱʡ
֣һҶЦ˵
Ϲɣޱһӡ˭˵ҪŪˣ
˵ʲôʲôҶͥԽԽͿ˴ν֮УۿһˣҲż
һ񡣡Ҷ㵭һЦ
ʱӳɽȴǼסսҶߵ˵Ҷֵߣ룡
ޱҴȻȥҶޱһͷޱʱ˼ҶͥһЦ磬ǻȥĺϢɡ
ҪҶͥҪܼܵ䣬ȴֲ֪˵ʲôãֻһ֡ˣҴö࣬Լհɡ
ǡҶͷףֳֳ𾴡
ȥҶӳɽֱ˽޹֮СڹһСڣûаĽ
Ǻþһ棬ҶȤ
ʲôþЦŰ֣ǽȴʵƱˡ
Ҷ֮Цʾ£ڿӳɽڽߣԸϲ衣
Ҷϯ仰డҶ㣬΢Ц
ҹӵԴϬҼ뻹˵ЩɡΣǰñʹ죬ΡҶӦ
⻰ȴлĿһƺ˵ҽڽ֮ϲȴһΣһ죿
ҿºԣ֮ԶӡҶݶ
ӳɽһüںҶ֣Ҷȴֻ
£һ뿪㵱ҴδҶ˵ģƹ֮ʱ൱ȫֻʱܷȽˮ֮Уȴֻܿˡ
ӳɽú޲ʱָҶ㣬ȴҡ
Ҷ㣬¶ɱ⣬ҶӰΣȴǲΪɫƽ糣
ȻǸֻ֮²ǳκҲѹסɣһİƣ΢΢¶֮ɫ
Ҷĳı»ֵһᣬһȴġҶһЦ䲻ҿΣҲλǿߣһ˿ѹõҡǲţɽгǿһԡ
ô֪ҹгǿߣ΢Цʡ
ˡ񡪡ԪܿһܴδԪӦ𣬵ǹг֡Ҷ˵λ֣һƽʱʹ¡ˣల¡Ҳˣ֮ǰŻǵȴ֮٣ֵڤɱ¦ǡ
ͷһȷǴˡº󣬵õλѵ֪ԼĿ⣬֪ӢۼΡҲˣŴϷڤ˶Ը¦֮·
ȴֳ̾һһλǿΣδʥ㻹ǷһԱѣȴǰ
˶٣Ҷ˵ҵļңСﳤȰһСҲԸԪӦӰ֮¡
ǿǺ£ҪǷõҶ㵭Ӧ
¦⣬ƺͲ˵ȴ˵ǽҹ֣֮
Ҷͷ
˵ڴ֮⣬Ҷ㡣


99 
Ҷ΢΢һЦ̬ݡ
ԪӦڤѾáԪӦԼսǿ󣬲ѹܱ߸ڤнһ׳֮⣬гư֮ġԪӦʵǷڤ֮Уκʶ֮ʿ֮ԪӦƽڤԶա¦ȴ˵ҪʱƹԪӦѰζ
΢΢ͷ˵Ҳס
ֹסҶһЦһ֣˵սԽƹΪڤΪ۶ڶ⣬ֻһΡ󡯡ˣǽƹʵö˷ڤʱԪӦ֮ʣڤҸڻȥȴҪƳеԪӦŭʤˣǷڤʦѹԪӦСдʤʤʵȻҪͷڤСͷƣǽƹգڤض顣
ɫ
ԹΪߣ޲ԿΪΣչ߽Ϊ٣ԶʧΪܡҶ˵¦ȴ˵Ȩ֮Ҫ߾ƣڤøơ
˵ˣɴЦҪ𣿡
ɫΪˡ
ûа׸ĺôҶ˵£㵱Ҳܿ¦ͨ̣дҰģʵǸ˻ԼǧΪôͱػȨ֮󣬰ٱûΪڤǷЩʵ
ȷСɲͷ
ҲԪӦ֮ƽͻʦѽƹҲɷڤҶ˵
ɫ
ңڤھƸӣ¦Ȩ£ҹʥҲضȨ⣬ʮλһÿ˶мҰڻҶ˵˵¦ǣЩҲǳҲǱǿ׳¦¦ΣΣʥΣдţȶȨ֮£ҲޱȣһþѡʱֵֻĽƹҲۡ
þò˼ҶҲ˵ʲôֻǾȥ롣
֣ȴкκôʡ
뻳ԣκβңΪΣҶһЦΪҵıʥϡʥȨ䲻Ͼϵһ֮ңұɲʧ֮ҴҲǶȨĳȨķڤ͢ĵ˽֣ڤ֣ǹͬˡ
ҶδЩɣȻЦ
ʵˡҶ˵¦ԪӦĻԼ켺ȴһıɱԪӦΪݣԪӦڶҳȥȴһɱλ֣侫ӢҽϾ΢֮ڶҰۣʹ۰һ֮壬תҪΪŦ𡣡
Ҷ㿴Ž˵Ŧϣֶ˴ĺô
֮¡ɣǲˡ
ҲһҶ㿴ŽΪأ
ͷҹʱһλҲй˵˵ս֮£ʱƾȴ֮ˣдɾߡҲɣҪʵ
Լ֮ǰһҶݶȴԪʿһλƾ֣λʥ伶ǿߣһֻʥ伶ޣʮʿһǧѪսʿԼҵһǡ÷ڤУӵλֻǽھдȴ¦þѹңԶнʿƴΪУҪңһɱ¦Ĵ̿ͣΪ֮Σ
ٴεͷ䣬
ڤе̫ӣմȨ֮ǿߡҶ˵¦ȴͼ֮ȨΪ֮δΣ
˵˵
ôԼɡҶЦһǳ֣ʶȻ֮ϣϲѡ۽ΣҶĳԶǽƹѡ
¦ǺΣʡ
ȨڵۡҶü򵥡
ôʱڤζԴҹʡ
ڤͳһǺ󣬲ṥԪӦй֮ޣ߾ŻСҶ˵Թ֮£ȴ
ԪӦΪУΪѣһü
Ϊǳξð֮ơҶ𡣡һ߿ŻУʹԪӦܲѪ͵õڤ֮ڤɱ˱ܵõԪӦһԴأʹӲҶ̰ˣɱ߾ǡ
кκôʡ
ڤƹƽȶԴ¼ƣͬġҶ˵ͬʱű߽ƹţڷڤ߾ݳͨ飬ǿóκһҶԽƹ֣ڤ֮ս
ȴ¦˵ôˡ˵ֻ֮Ů
¡ҶһЦԸлʵĿԸλ֮ŵŮأݹʷĹ֮УԶ硣
ҶˡЦҶ䲻¦ǰˣȴʵڡ֪ҽƹСңʵҲ൱ǷڤеĳһɣõȨˣǲʵʡ¦ʱնºֻܸʵӥȮ丩ӦĻл̸ʱԼ㣬˵ʵڣȻֻǿտŵȴҸоһжǴֿɼʵ
Ҷ㹰һ
Ը֣ΪҲ¦ǡóǲԭӣ濴úܵȴúءҵ׵ܵܣ¦צԪӦֺϹ֮ս֮ϣ˳𲻹죡¦ȴ֪Ҿٹ£޲ԱѪΪ٣Թ͵ΪܡĿģѪϴܰ
˵ţҶ㣬ĿأҶұЩӦ㡪İǣƵʮ伶ʿΪ㱣ݻõ֮ʱҽƹӽԿΪȴʱ֯ʮ֮ã
л£Ҷ֣һ
ڽӳɽ¶Цݣһ
֮ԼֻԼ˵಻Ը¦Ͼǻӡ
ҶҶͷ
ұὫİʮ͸Ҷ˵Ҷ£ҹգҹʤ羰ҲѣЯβԭҲǼ°ɡ
˵ȴЦ
Ҷһ񣺡űϢҶĳˡ
롣һͷʾӳɽҶ˳ȥ
Ҷߺ󲻾ãʱվãسžںеһλ׷һ
壬öԷ񣿡
߻ͷδ廰ˡ
壬ĿҶ㣿ʡ
ϣһҲ͸ʡͳһԪĺ󱲣ȴָĪ֮Уд˴֮ˡѾˣƹȴ޺֮㣬Ҳֻдߣͼֵһ˿㡣֪ΪΣԤУҹӶøҲδ֪
ô¦أʡ
ί߱ǡ˵˵òϾǷڤӣӦ˵Σ̫ӣҲǻʵһ仰ɷ¡οڤ¦ڳУ
ǡ񣬴̧ͷʱȴѾӰ
壡ȴҵһأ


100 ֮
ô
ҶһصסҶͥͺޱһӭ£ͬʡ
ǼġҶ㲻Цˡ
ܲ𣿡Ҷͥ˰Ѻôˣ
İǺʮ伶ʿҡҶ˵
˼ǣҶͥû̫ס
Ȼ˵˽ޱ۾ȴϲͷ
ˣҶͥҲˣвҲ͸˷ܵĹâ
ӦңҪ֮ʱʱ֯ʮΪҶ˵
̫ˣҶͥ˷ܵؽ㣬㲻֪¦ЩĶˣֻΪһЩССû뵽
»ҪܡҶ˵
㾿˵ģޱʡ
ʵʵ˵Ҷ˵¦̫˽ˣΪǺԪӦһȴǿʵԽ˵ɱ¦ǣȴȵõ޴ôҪҪ
ȴһˡޱͷһССȻӣǲòҿһ䡪
ȻҶͥЦţҪȻΪ磬ôȴʲô¶ģҵ˵ǻ۹ˣڼ֮ʱʲô£ҶҪŰ죬Ҫ
ڼеĵλءޱЦˡ
Ҷ㵭һЦ˵ʲô
˸ףȴֹ¡ԼȻѾͬڴǰ׵ĳԩȴδܵѩδܵñ
Ҷͥ˵ǻȴҲѹҶ˵磬Ҫġ
Ҷ֣ͥصͷ
ʱޱȴٶ˵ʲôˡֵܶˣֻ˵Σһǡ
Ŀޱͬʱ¶Цݡ
ڶ죬Ҷ㲢ûҲԼһͬ龡Ҫʡײ¦˷ͻѶȻ¶Ϊ
ȥ¦¦ȴ˵ڤҶҲҵҶͥޱһ֮
Ҷ¦ֵȻЦƺòˣǵСһأ
ˡҶҡͷĩĸõƷѣһ·Ͷ٣ȴûθڣֻڹϢ
ԭˡ¦ЦЦұ㲻ǿˡ
תޱƥµõǧ֪ɻȤ
Ȼˡޱ۾һһҶ㡣Ҷ磬һȥɡ˼Ӣ۰˰µһǲģҿɲʶĻᡣ
ðҶ㻺ͷתͷҶͥ磬ޱȥߣҺúϢɡϾҷڤҪغΪ֮
İɡҶͥ˵ͷȴ˵ǵţɱ¦һٰˡ˵һģŮģ룬ôŪ¦Ͼǻӣòʡѧ㲻£ȨλȴǸ߳ǧٱɵöСİ
˹ݣ¦ţһ·һ߶ȥһ·ϣ¦ޱ̸֮Խ̸ԽͶУҶ˺档Ҷ㵹ҲΪ⣬ں渺ֻУһ·Ƿ飬ֻǳɢ
ãһһݣĽȴҶǴΪҲһЩȻдһ֮ڡ
ǵˡ¦ݴԺͣ
ѽô͵ˣޱһȻЦˡȴĵͶԶ·;ȴҲԶء
νƷ֪ǧ١¦˵Ҳ·;ֻ̫̣ٳһЩܶЩ
лġޱЦ˵ƥأ
Եȡ¦һ֣ʱһλǣһƥ¦У¦תֽֽޱ
һƥ¦˵µòãδȡ
Ǻޱת˼Ȧסصͷ
ͷΪ÷ĿΪةΪǿΪǹţΪóһ߿һ̲ס˹ġ
û뵽ﾹȻϤ¦̾ȴֻ֪һҪãȴǲɡ
Σ˵˵ˡޱһЦָ̲ס¦£ҿһ𣿡
ҵ⡣¦һͷ˸Ķޱǣȥ¦ԣйһУҶȴͬһһ㣬ȫ˴ֻԼںš
һ·⣬ǣ˲ԭ֮ϣޱ¦һЦ£ҿɲˡ
롣¦ͷ΢Ц
ޱǶĲԭӼˣҲҪĴָݺݵһḧһǰһ㣬ɱǰ˳ȥֱǰȥȴһ硣
ֻۣʱԾʱһʱͣת޼䣬һ
˵ϳģ¶š¦˫֣˵
ȴ֪˾տҶ˵
ٵ֪¦΢ЦҶȴ֪
ֲǲԭӣﶮʲôҶ˵
ȴǷڤҪݺɳ԰ʿϤԣα¦ҡͷ̾ҵǾڴ˵Ҷ⣬ǿԶཻ˱ǻ档
ˡҶ˵ΪȴҲһʥ֮飬õҲǹż䡣ϰ䣬Ϊȴ֮
ҡҡͷڤе¾д˵㹻ˣĩֻͱá
¦תͷҶ㿴һҡҡͷϧˡ
Ҳ˵⻰ҶӦ
¦Цˡ
ţԭȷⰡҶ㰡Ҷ㣬㻹̫ˣֻһŮ˱ҡˣף˵⻰ȴʾʾ¦ҲںҡУȴ¶ǳʾ֮ǿʵȴչ
˵ǸӢţʵҲˡ˴ν֮УֻҪҵͰ棬ˡ
Ҳû취¡ұ̧㣬Ϊұۣȴʶ̧٣¦ұȡãҶ㣬ҵ裡
Ŀг˵⣬ͶԶ۵ޱ
Ǻ֮ޱת̲סָһֵģ
Ȼϲôұ㽫ɡ¦Ц˵
ģޱ۾һԣ׷ˣʱɲڰôһƥǧʵһԣ˵һҲΪˣң
ֻҪﲻͺá¦˵Ǹݵ̬ЦݣһεѰŮӼˣʱҪĻ
ޱҲ΢΢ЦˣǾͶлˡ
֪ޱкδ㣿¦Цʡ
Ҷ㲻ɰ룺֪䣬Ȼɡˡޱֻ²֮󣬱ҪһὫҲʡȥˡһƥǧƺϸһǺôֱʡ
ûءޱ˵ҲֻҶ磬һߣԭ
ҶΪǰ߽죬ܹҪӵġ¦˵ңȴҪڲԭ϶Щӡޱԭ飬һиӦҲȤǿԶཻĵã֮һޱúֽֽء
ǿ̫ˣޱתҶ㣺Ҷ磬Ҿ͡
еԭȷһ¡Ҷ㵭һЦһЩҪ죬Ȼȥˣλĵðɡ
˵ţת󲽶ȥ
Ҷ㣬Ҳˡ
¦ҶıӰЦݴ⡣


101 ֵ
أ
Ҷһ˻صסʱҶ̵ͥ۾׷
ͻӵһ𡣡Ҷ
ʲôҶͥһûôȥˣôģ
νҪҪˣȥɡҶЦ
㻹ôҶͥˡ㲻˵¦ǸʵϺܿôõ䵽
磬ͲòЩˡҶ˵
УҶͥüõĹﰡѵͲ𣿳Ưֺãƾĸ֣ˣ̻ϣ
磬԰ꡣҶ˰֡ô
ҶͥһȻҶ㣬ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ߣ쵽ˣ緹ȥҶ㻺ڶȥ߱ԭĿ⣬ζǺܲġ
ҲҶͥ̾
硣Ҷ˵ҲһˣԼȻԼ⡣㲻õġ
ôܲģҶͥ˵⣬ҲǸŮңŮܲ˵ľ˵ƭ㿴¦ǸƣǸƭܺļһܱ˵οĸ¦
ˣĹˡҶֻЦ
Ҷֻͥ̾
֮ޱû߾סԼʮʿİ͸Ҷ㣬Ҷæָ˵ʮʿͬʱѩӰһշǣ±飬ʵæһ
С񲻼ޱĴѰңҶͥʣҶͥȴֻ̾ʵҶ㣬Ҷֱӽޱ˵ˡ
ﾪȵòˣҶææֻͣ˵ޱּ˼ǨˣǰĽλƸ֮࣬Ҷ㶺Цˡ
ôͣȴ֮ʲôϵƵġ˵ȻԼµɣȴҽ͡
ôûϵСֱˬ¥ѾѹӵŮˡ
ҲŵͷȻôźӣΪ˽һСҲǾֱźСء
ᵽҶ㲻ʱɭἰޱʱ龰ϲɸֳЦݡ
￴ȴøĪ⣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ҳٶ˵ʲôˡ
Ϊޱͻˡ
С㣡֪֮󣬵һʱӭޱһЦǣȥ
ǡСæӹƥ˲ٶǧǣˡ
ջķӡҶ㻺Ц
һƥǧһ鱦ΣһϵȵļʯһıޱЦ˵Ҳʲô
ҶͥҲ˳ޱһֽǸ¦ûôɣ
˼ǫǫӣֵһ߻۸ˡޱţȴƮҶ㡣
۸ˣҶʡ
ǰ۸ˣҶͥҲʡ
ޱŪúˡ
ʱҶͥž⻰ʵò׵εЦţͺãһ£ģģ˵žͼæܿˡ
ɱʵˡޱ˵
βʵˣҶʡ
Լ֪ޱһ
ֻջ𣿡ҶЦתƻ⡣
ȻǡޱһЦһࡣҴ̽һ¡¦˴ƹ£һ棬һ棬ȴǻһҪɡ
ʲô£Ҷʡ
Ҳ֪ôõһϢ֪ǰһҷڤıڽƹûǴо˵װһ˲õıޱ˵ҪΪ˱˳£ǺαǴλںδȴδϸ˵ֻһͬѰҶ죬Ҳƭ˵ɴˡ
ǸƭӰҶ㲻ҡͷ̾
ˣޱҺİ㣬ȴ˵ƭӡ
漴ЦˣҲƭأ
ֲƭ֣ҪԡҶ˵ͷ
Ϊʲôޱʡ
ֵˣҲǱ֮Ϊ˹ϵ˺ùһʡҶʮ֣ص˵
˵ǸˣޱЦ
Ҷ
˵Цţݵȴ˹һ񣺡¦
ô׷ˣҶЦˣޱ˼׽ƭˣô죿
ɣޱһЩֲ͵ģԼԸͽ᱾
ɡҶһͷ
ʱ¦ֻԺУɫ糣΢ЦԹϣһ㲻֮ɫ
ôֻҶˣº̬ͣȹһë
ŶȥԭȻȤұ߹ظҪЩޱһЦҶҪر߹פģһǴߡˣлЩԪӦ֣Ϊұ߾һ
д֮ģʵ¦ͷ˵ţԻȡһݵޱǰ
ɫʽӣϵҲ֮ͬһһĸо
Ǻ⣿ޱһ
ҿϲ壬ٱ֮ʣɡ¦Ц
ôУޱεذ֣ѵõϹ֮ֵǣôҪ
󣬷䲻ݡ¦Ȼ°ɣʶһҲԵ֣´ãã˺һҲãҲãУ⼸յԵ֣ʹһ¦ұ֪ˡ
˵ţǰ˼֡
ޱȴԥһ
⣬ɹҶһЦޱ֣ù¦񣬽֮ޱУֺֽ£°ɡ
˵꣬ת¦һ񣺡л¡
ȴҶл¦Ҷ㣬Цݣȴһ˿֮ɫ
ҶȴЦø
¦ľΪ
ǡޱһЩң֪Ǻá
ձ㽫̣ԭò¦ЦţȻҲ뵽߹ԪӦɱޣȴʹҲøʥּȥֽҪ֮ءǸ֣Ҫ춣һ䡪ǧСġ
лѡޱ˵ͷ
Եپۡ¦һ֣أ
Ҷޱ๰ֻ¦΢Цתȥݡ
ˡȴǸ͸ˡޱ塣ϹĹޱȣ˵ֵǺţŵκһǹˡһʾܣȴ
ˣҶЦʡ
˵ʲôޱһۡ
ʥͣǳǸԨѼ׵Ȩı֡Ҷ֣˵ǵ͹Ǹܳɴµˣ¦ľ֮֡ƣ¦ȴڰ֪һλȨߡײƣ֡
ģޱȴǲš
ҿɡҶ˵뿪˵֮󣬾ͻˡ
Ҳðɣޱ壬ֿüͷҲ
ͻȻ䣬һֻ̧ݺݵȥ
ʲôҶʵһæֽ˹ޱƶһһ죬Χ֮
ǴʱУȻĭ


102 ħâ
ûʲôޱ˵ֻ֪Ҳ̰ƵŮӡ
Ҳû˵̰ơҶҡͷһЦֵǵĹ˵پͻ٣ޱǴֱʡ
ֻұ¦ССݴ򶯡ޱ˵
Ҷ㿴ҲҶ㣬һʱ䶼֪˵ЩʲôáʱУҲֻĿڽ֮˵ЩʲôȴǶࡣ
ţңⶫԸҶ˵
ȫġޱһͷͽ㱣ܰɡ
ģǲסҶһЦޱֽУָ£úñ棬˿ƭ¦ʹֻ֣ȴ㣬ɳΪǵһ䲻⣬䲻
ҾϲıԶʱӡޱЦ˵ôô֮ͽ
㿴Ҿ˵ŮӵˡҶЦˡ
С㣡СʱǧһӦ˹һ۾ͿҶޱ֣ʱס
Ǹǻе£ģǻ飬СͷҲصˡ
ˣޱҶһۣɿҵ֣
ƾ֣ȴѲҵ֣ҶЦʡ
ˣޱֳ˻
þûдˣȻˣָָҰɡҶת˻⡣
ϰɡޱ˵˶ӵģҿɲԸһȺԶԶſ
ռұˣ±˿𣿡Ҷװʡ
¼ûбٻˣޱţһȭ˹ȥҶȴݶ㿪Ц֮ڡ
ޱװһţʵȴ˼ۣں˽ȥ
תҹ¸ϣޱҶ㲢绺УԱһ·ԺС
ҿ⼸ǷҲڣָûнɡޱЦ˵
áҶһͷҲҿ⼸ǷΪ鱦ڶ˲ɡ
ѽޱЦţͻȻȴ͵ؼǰһƴ㺮ŮƮ裬Ҷϲȥ
͵ϮɡҶһЦ
нޱͷ
Ҷޱ֣Ҵ⡣һд£ޱƾ֣ʵȴԶǿԼԱ˵Ц߶֣ҶȴҪȫ֮භȴǰ硣
ΣȴϾЦȴѾн
Ҳޱ㲻ޱд衣Ҷ㵭ȻЦţħڣ֮˳ƶƮסݶˡ
ǲ١ޱȴǳһһⷢҲǲҶȴֻԺ㽫֮סʵԾ
ɿ佱Ҷ΢΢ͷȴޱ
£ޱҲһˣɼҶ㵱һ˵õĶ֡
һ棬Ҷʱ·磬жƣȫӣţһȴҲ̼ͼȫʹڵħӿӼңһԽԽ죬ԽԽݡ
תۼ䣬ͬħγߣԱħΪħΪޱһ͵ĹսħĻ֮ħĺ֮һޱоܣ̲סҲѹҶķ
ѹԽǿԽǿҶڵǿħҲɢҫ۵Ĺâƺʱһʲô仯

ʱޱȴһԶҶ֡
ҶȴͷϣЩգôˣ
̫ˡޱ˵㽻Ѿһɵ£ҪȫԸһȫԸֱػὫˡȫԸŪҪ³Կ̫Ϊˡ
ȴ˵ƿһ㡣Ҷ㲻Цˡ
ƿƿѲƤһǱɶˡޱЦ
۷˺ˣۺ˻ˡҲᡣҶſڣͷû
ǸְޱЦһ
˵ţһ䡣
ҶɴħޱԺгƤӡޱͿʼʹͷҲˣ˼ֺվ
ˣף
ôˣҶһ޹
һյѧޱʮֿ϶˵רҵ˵ƿģܵѰģס
ԩҶҡͷҹȥʢѰ鼮ңԾʲôյҲûٿʱͱƿֻǾ˼Դʱѡ
ѽޱĿᡣ˲ʱ̲ס롪СôڻﵽʲôأѾʥȥ˰ɡ
ôסҶ΢ЦҡͷҲ˰ˡ
ޱڿһԵ飬롣
һޱ˵ʲôҲҶд轻֣ۿɫ磬˱ԻطϢˡֻҶܾýԼһûзӳʵܣȴ޷ߣɴԺУ似ʽ
һȭһһһʽ趯ڵħӿȻûĴ̼ħȴԲγɳһеͷҶʼһֱƸУȴüͷ
ʱһΰӰȴһƮ˹ҹ䣬кҶ㵹Ҳδע⣬Ӱȴĵز£ȥ
Ҷеķ֮ҲԽԽأֻķң޲ܽǰѣΧΧǽٲܻһ㡣һæ£ȴ£ûӵĽꡣ
ԣ
͵ĿһֱԭϥǿӲſһǳƣԭҰ֮С
ʱԭҰ֮ڣȴһɫӰݺᣬڼħܵӰӰ죬Ҷħÿ񱩲ɢħӰҶ
·ִ̫ħħӰǹӰ֮УҶ㷢˵ͳ֮Ҷһ㱣һУŲħָħ
ɲǼ䣬ԭҰħǹâһʱָǣһӰʲôôħħԴ󶯣Ҫջħ
ħħ
ǹӰ֮䣬ȭħħսħħħħͷһǹӰ֮УͬʱڣջҶǣƾԼӶøǿס
ʱϿħǵĹâҲҫǹҶǣʹ䲻һеӰ졣
ӰйŹ֣ɣ಻ħħͷĲںң
¦Ѳ㣿
ﲢʵİȴ˵֮У˵ǣʹ߻ħɷӡɵӣ޷ֻΪ̰
¦һּȶҺݣʵǸС
ϧǣϵҡҶ㣬ħһķħʹ
ħ֮ջ˵ʲô
Ҹ޳ħǣǱΪֻƾħҲ׹ħ֮
𣡡
Ȼ䣬ԭҰеҶ㷢һʱħҫޱǿ⣬ħ˹â͵˲佫ǹӰ̡
ҲɲǼ䣬ҶоеħͻȻ޴ı仯ħǹâӰ죬Ȼٷڣɱ
ƾڴﵽƾ
̲סзһź
ʵеҶ͵۾һǰͬϢӿջصڡ
ѣȻˣ¶ɡЦţͻȻԶΧǽһץ


103 ƾ
ֻôһץޱߺǴħ߸֣ͻȻǰȥһ£ǽͷץȥ
ôһУһ˱ħסʺȫ˪֮ţɪɪһʱ֫Ӳ޷
ħԾ£صҶߣԶǺʺšǺ˪֮࿹ΪȫȻ˪֮Σȴ졣
ӿУҶӦһλԪʿԼڷͻȻħ֮һԾƾȴס
ȼľ޴죬ټϴΪҶ㱻ǹӰϮ󣬱Ȼ߻ħ˺޷ΪҶһ¡ǹƽս䲻Ҷ֮УҪȥȴҲûпܡ
Уһͨڣȴһ֧ͲҶһħ㽫ǷŵҶС
ϸ۲죬ȴֻһ΢ͨƺЧȫǶһöССɫʯ
Ҷ̽סʯħӿУʯԶı״ȡһʯȡ£ⷨʱʧ
۾ɵϴ󣬶Ҷ֣ǲҶ㾹Ȼܽʯȡ
¦ȻɳһλԪĸңƵҡҶ㿴ź˵۾ҡͷ΢ЦˣҪ÷֮ǶҴ˱ɱ֮İ
˵ţһħ㽫˻£ŵأ֮Ҳһʹ˲Ϣ
˵ⷨкãʯʲôЧҶһѰŪССʯһʡ
޿ɷ˸Ҫǿһĺȴ壬ݺᣬⶳеޱʹ־塣
ٸһλᡣҶ㵭˵ȴֻ۲ʯ˵벻˵Ҷ֪˭ǰⷨʯʱһ֪ǵĹá
˵ˣܷң䣬¡
֪޲ԣұк֮¡ϷŪңұԶ񱨶񡣡ҶĿͶϡĿûɵش˸£ֻоԼ·ǱҰ޶ϵĸһļ¡
ⷨûʲô˵Ǽӳͷʯ֮ĹܰˡҪʯʯΪʯ֮ſʹãʹúɷųĹר˵֮Уͷħʿǣʹ֮ʱ߻ħ߷ɵԻ
ǴҶ΢΢üʯɺδ
Ҳ֪ҡͷⷨͷ԰ɱ֮õģɺ죬ԺζҽԲ֪ȴǹƭ㡣
λҶͻȻһת
ʲô˴¡
˵㲻֪ҶЦ¦ƹΪľǱϵıǱľλ
ҡҲ֪˼æҡͷ
˵ҶҲҡͷԪĸ֣¦ұʽ㲻֪
΢΢üƺ˼ʲô
˵ϷŪңұԶ񱨶񡣡Ҷ˵ɱңѴ˺֮ģҽɱȴԱ
˲䣬ħָ֮ϽڣҪⶳʹ࣬޷֪
˵Ӿҵزţſڷ֮Ҷ΢΢ʱڴ˫ץűħ֣͵ط߱ʱһߴֳֳűħȥ
Ҷһһָħ֮һֻһ㽫ǳ漴һȭֱӶһű飬ȭͷһ֮䣬㽫顣
ʱ³һѪδţѾ߱ס
˵˵ſڣǱλãӦþڽƹħɽپλҾͲ֪ˡ¡µҲ֪ΪǱϾǰżϼصϢ
ħɽҶ΢΢ͷһɣ˱ˤڵϡ
߰ɡҶ˵
㡭治ɱңȴһ
ôҶЦ
˼æҡͷҶһ񡣡ҶҲѶˣҲһΪաΪǿЦ̼Ӽ֮ʱ֪ӢۣҲ־壬һ㽫һнˡ˵֮ȴֺڣֻһ㣬һкɱڣʵ벻
Ҳ㡣ҶȻҲȥ¦šΪʧܲǡΪʱˣȴǡ¦֮ȴˡ֮Ǵˣ֪Ѱ·ĵˣɱ棿ͽɱ塣
ܽˡ˳Ҷ㹧һ񡣡ҶĵˣҲԳ¡ٸŵ£ʱ£ҲӴҶ¾ʹ˸ǣģʵѾˡ
˵ţɱȥԽǽߡ
㲻ɱֻΪ˵ЩʱޱԱл
㶼ˣҶһЦ
֮ʱҸӦǹϢԾѣ˳ޱҶ㣬룬Ŀ˸㡭㾹Ȼôͻ˼ޣﵽƾһǿߣ
㲻ˣҶʡ
ô᲻ˣޱ˵ֻǲţ˽ͬԲ˺ˮһס
ʲôףҶҡͷĹ֮ңҿҲԽɹĹ̼ҵʹԱͻƽҲˣҶЩмȴɱ
ȡˡޱ˵
ȡִֻԼϵѡҶ˵
һǻص¦أޱʡȻг˱λãȫ˵Լǰ¦Ȼ¦ǰΧ塣
ֿܡҶһЦ
㻹ޱؿ
֮ǰֻԪֻܸо¦ȴ֪һҶޱӦ
һƾޱ˵ʵΣֻнֲ֪
Ѿƾ֣ټǷԻɱ¦Ҷʡ
Ȼˡޱͷһλƾ֣ڣҲǵĶ֡
ܺɵؽɱ𣿡ҶʡϾǻӰ
Ҷˣޱ۾һϮǣôǾͿ˵ǳԱɱˣʱʵҲܹ˶Բԣ
ۣȫ֪֮һз紵ݶҶ˵κ˵ͬ衣Ҫɱǣֻܹšʲô
û뵽ô̶Ƭ̼ô࣬һޱͷҵ˲¦ء
ȥҲáҶ˵¦ϾǻӣұϾҪʥΪԩѩޣŪñ˴ѿҲҲҡȥҾһˣҲһ¡
ͽŲ߰ɣޱд
ʲôŲߡҶҡͷЦԶء
̫ǫ˾αˡޱЦ
ǻĥһºʱħɽȥѰɡҶ˵


104 սħ
վͶɡޱ˵Ѿûʲô¿ˡ
áҶһͷдһ°ɡҸյƾ绹ȹ̣ðȹһ¾硣
ðޱ˵˵ã㵽Ϊֹ񷽲ʱ׷ʹҪƴƵġ
Ϊʵ̫òȫֲܺԿҶ˵ܸշˡ
԰ɡޱһͷ֮ǰдʱһһƮƮش˹ȥ㺮ŮߣƮҶ˹ȥ
ٶȻٶȣҲҶһȴȫ֮ǰͬˡ
ڣħӿţԭҰԭϷͳħĲħȴħһصħ֮СÿһħжħħһڶҶ֮ڡ
ɲǼ䣬ԭҰд¡֮һħֱɢͬħҶ岻ͬطǵʵȻڴˣ湩ħȴƺѾפҶ
ֻħΪδħɣҶפģֻħ
ֻоԼ·һħħ͢ħɢԼԣȫԼһָӣԼħף֮ȴٲҪĸλħںħ
һħߣһ֣Զ㺮ŮƮ񿪣Ҷ̤ǰһһȭŹ㺮Ůȥ
ޱһͷ˫ַת㺮Ů˫趯Ʈħֱۡ
ԸᡣҶ㵭ȻУֱ𶯼䣬ħϺȻ׶ֱӴƮȭͷźޱȥ
ޱ̾һӿ䣬㺮ŮƮѾָ糣ǺһȭҲסȥ߸ֳӣһ֣һԡ
ޱߺҲнһ˵һˣ彥ǽڣ˶һɫĹˣɢ
Ҷʱоħĺ·ǳѩ̫һ㡣
ȴҲĶ¼ǰħ˫ȭһȭһȭ
һʱ䣬Ժк𣬺Х˪´Ҳɶħ֮ǰȼֱͬն
ǿޱҲɾһʱȫ֣㺮ŮӺޱһҶ㹥ȥ
úãҶһͷ˫ȭ趯䣬Ӳƴ
ʮȭ֮ȴޱȸоܲˣüˣһ֣Բ裡
ʱ㺮Ůת趯һƮתУҶȫų⣬һ⸡磬ҶСҫɽޣһҶ㹥
ȴѶԸˡҶʱѹֻô߶ħĺҪ֮Կ
ʱͻȻоһħ漴ޱߵĽ̼֮£͵رһѩĹâȴսϵҫ⡣
ͻȻ䣬һħӰ𶯵ħзԭҰϿաħҷɢȫȾѪװΧһ˫ɢļµѪ֮âָ׼ǹҲ˳У·һϲմսսʿ
һֿУʱĳХԭҰʱ絶ķ磬ħУҡ紵ʱһ֮ۡ
ʱħǹâҫͶһסħ֮ħ״󶯣ޱħħסħ׺žڣ
ħսħͽսħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ʱһħҶԺٵսħһŷķӿ˳ָͷŶ鲻Խ̧ǰһָ
ʱսħ㻻һ׳ߣһǰָ
һɳǰ󣬽ǸƿɳУ᳤ǹꪲϵطն֮һȴ˷·սʿɱ
ɳҶ̲ס֮ⷨ˳
ƾޱһæˣеĹâǿʢɳֶȥ
ʱĸޱҶνʱʹģȴ֮һ󣬲ǿ֮䣬ͬһ㣬Ҫɳ̴
ɳȴη壬з׷֮ȴԽԽڽĹâҲи顣
㺮ŮȴѾתɱ˹
ҶһЦȴη壬͵һ𣬺ݺ䣬ħĶʱ˪ɾ㣬¡
̤
Ȼһ֮Уײһ𣬸Է飬ȴըһǱ˴˶Կдƽ֣ɢ
ޱɴ۾Ҷ㣬ŸոսƾѾӵ˹̵ľ磬ʵҲѾҲ£ѵõǾȻҲƾ˼ʰ
㼵ʣҶЦʡ
Ҹ˻أޱЦˡ
ôˣʱѵҶǶ߳˹ݣԺе龰һľȡ
ûʲôûʲôҶһЦдʱСĶŪ̫ѣŴңǸ
ﻰЧһЦ漴㵵ؿҶ㣬ԼʲôطԣԼ˵
ҿȥϢɡޱ֪Ҷڲ뽫¹ʱ˻ȥҶһۣ˴һЦҲԼķ䡣
صУҶ㲢ûϴ˯£Ǵȡ˸׵λϣһ
ڴﵽƾ־ȴޱȼᶨ֪Լĸ־뻹Զ֮鱣ңҽԿ˳Ͻʹһ죬ܱüŴ𣡡
˵֣꣬صͷ
վλ𵱳֪جĺ󱻸ϳţΪּ龰ȴ·
ЩѾһȥˡҶȻֻǸССȴѾӵ˿ɷʵٲǸСķˡ
һŸǿ֮λȥֱһ죬ԽǼųˣѹƻɱһ
ĬĬλСĵطźãȻ󾲾ڴϣۡ
ҪúϢ죬µսԼ
Ǳоʲôıż䣬Ƿԭλȴű˵Ĵ̣
¦ֻֽһս
ˣɱ
˼Уڳ˯ȥ
˯Уת֮ɫ㽥ˡҶϣȽҹʹƾ֮ĵһ飬ϸԭҰһսħȻ˵أ׼ý뿪
֪Ѿƻõ£ȴò¼ƻħɽ֮УȴҲֻϺһˡ


105 ɱ
гӵԭǱģǽƹһλޱ絽ĸ͡
ԭˣŮλҲ⣬˵ڤĲŮ˵ʲôҲһ棬ޱȻӰг̶ƴǣκĥӲݣȴҲò˶ԷӣֻôӦˡ
СٺȾơҶ㶣
С𣿡ޱЦˣȴ
ʲô
ڵѾԷӳ̵ˡޱ˵ڣʵѾߣȴûл֮Իǰɡ
ҴŲһҶһЦ
ޱɫһ죺ôһžˡ˵תȥˡ
ҶҡͷһЦڻдá
Ȼߣɴһʱ䣬úõԶ׼
ʮʿİǣѾ͵˳ӪУΪǸӦµĶ飬ӺѩӰҲƵ˳סǰ߲ѵʿǣȺǹϤԼָӷʽ
ʮʿĿǰϾδзҶ㣬ȴҲò˪ʮҲ˹ȥǰָʿʵҲм֮⡣
ʱȺһ˴սҶ㣬ʱȫΡ
ҲãǶҲã˴ȥħɽϾǽƹĹԼŴֱײģһֻ۱һֻ۵ز˿Ҳ᲻áҶ˴αֻԼޱѩӰȥһҶͥţȥ
ˣԼж˵ע⣬¦ΪԼѾ뿪Ҳήͷ֮ģȴԼ¡
˵ˣ˴ζᱦҪڽƹڽУǱӣȴֻܰ˷£ڴʱȴ׸
˵׼ʵҲûжҪ׼ġһڲԭֻҪʳˮ㹻ˡҲҶԼȥ죬Ŧһеһ뿪˹ݣϸɹȥˡ
ʱĹУҶ⣬ֻʣҶͥͷЧˡ
ʱ䣬ҲѾ硣
ÿʱѰ˷ˣһΣ˷֮УȴֻӿտգҲһЧͲüȺô£Ƕɣ
˵ţɤӴˣȴһһӣȥҪۣҶȴס
֣ؽˡԺվܡ
Ը߿й£ôؽȡؼһƬȣһ˿ҲûС
ʲô𣿡ЧͿҶӣҲ
㣬ôˣҶͥ˳Ҷߣһ۲ܣȴʲôҲûӦ
пáҶƽֻǺߣֱӳǡ
¦СӰɡЧͺһ˫һ񣬽â
컯֮£д̣ӿ󣡡Ҷͥһǣɣ
ҶĸӦһЦ䣬һ䷿ϻվһһ縺ֶһеģ
ţʮϡǽͷ˳ȴγɰΧ֮ƣСԺȫΧסС
Ǻ֣ҶͥӦŶԷһü
ɺޣЧҲӦԷʵǿ󣬲ҧȻʵʱԣҶӣ߲Ⱥ˾ɱ˹ѵʲôҲǼٵģ
ʮа˾šҶ΢΢ͷ¦ʹĸ׳н֮ƣǿĸ֣ҲԸ䶯ֵޱ֧ߣͿȫȫضԸˡ
ҶȷмءԷΪ׶УǸ߸˻ͷơֻϧǼƣҲֻˡ˭㲻Ͻӵ⣬ȴƫҪԣǽҪշڤˣȴԿȻ·һ
շڤЧʹЦôĿΪԼ˭̫𣿡
̫ʲôһ
úǶ˵ϻˡҶ㵭һЦǼȻɱ֮ģұӦн֮֮־ǲƽ
ôһϵϢɢǸ߸ҲأǽϢɢ˳
ԪĸְҶ΢΢ͷ¦ǳȫҵɱңҶĳӦеҡ
ȫҵף߸Ц˰֮㲻ȫ˽£Ҳ˵ˡյˣںδ
˵أ
ϻˡдųޣɱֵܱ𣡡
ɱ˱ɱɡҶ㵭һЦͻȻһսħʱߣڳֵͬʱѾ۳һ˱ǹǰȻ˳ȥ
ǹϻݺᣬ֮һۿɼˣƾˣ˲ϢѾ˰˵ǰ˴ʧɫִټ͵һƻ˲һλһ壬ֳִȻ¡
£ݺն˱ǹϣʱһ촫ķ춯ģȴһҽУ
Ǿ޴ıըֱ֮ӽը÷飬Ǹ߸ɲǼомæԾȥǰ׵壬ը֮УʱϱըǧٿףĿڣϵҲɢֱûϢˤ䵽һ
һ֮䣬ɱһλԪ֣
Ҷһ֣ʱڳ˶סˣҶͥͷЧҲ㵵֪Ϊǿ
˵Ҫɱ𣿡Ҷ㻷ܣȻվ﷢㶣ҿ˵ġ
ôˣôˣ߸˾ֵصɴ۾ؿҶ㡣
ǰôˣҶͥҲ̲סһ䡣
ҶЦˡ
ɱɱɱ˴ˣ߸ͻȻ۷ź⣬ȻһԾԱγһڵ
ǵ⣬һ͸һļµĸоһظţô˵δײϵ浶ֵֻ֡
ʯҶ۾һö
տԨʯֱʯЩѵȴֲࡣЩǻʯɣ˵ҶĸоȴֱʯɣѵȻһ壬ǿޱȣȴΪ
߸һк֮ʮʱһҶֱ
δǰЩ˱ȡһ۵϶˼£ʱչ
󣡡Ҷͥɫһ䡣
ʲôЧʡ
ое۵󡣡ҶͥŵؽţԴϻһη֧߼ļϣʯɣƼףͿУ
Ч͵ɫɱࡣ
ʱЩѾ׼ˣͬʱ䣬ÿϾȻͬʱ֧һʱܼһ㽫֡
ǲó֣ǡҶǰһ˫һ֮䣬սħһӣֱʧȴһ޴ĻħצڿС
ħ֮צ
צɨ֮䣬ݺʱʸնϣֱֻӴϣ֮顣
ͬʱħҲҶߣ͵һԾ𣬽ŻΪ˪ݺ̤¡
̤
һֱ̤ڵ棬֮У˪֮ɢδļʸնסһ֧֧ڵϣľƵļȫˤ÷顣


106 ȫɱ
ֻһУʱ˵Ĺơϻȴȫ֯ڶơ
ֻʮȴȫҶƾһʱȴ˴ҡ
ҶȻҲٴιĻᣬսħոգȴСҶ㵱̤ǰһսħߣ͵һֶһƬз׷ɵʱɢתۼ佫һС
ߣҪԶ롣Ҷͥ뷽ЧͶˣۼһƬз裬֪ǼķȻҶֻҶ߾š
磬ʱһں˹УĵǹʱͬѪȵһ㣬һ˷˹ȥɲǼ䣬ҽһ𡪡еĺʵǿֵ֮ϮǿԱȴֱӱзʬ漴նãѪ飬Ҳ飬ΪһƬƬѪ
ס֣
һȴǸ߸ֳʯսԾԿлӰƿɱС磬λػһλǿΪһ壬ּųӰʯһ𣬽лɣһ·ɱͼЩǿʱֵеĺ˾ȳ
ôףҶҡҡͷɳебʱŸ߸˾ȥ
ƿ߸˴ţų൶ӰʯڣƱʱøΪ׳һնȻֱն顣
õҶĿǵ΢΢ͷ
ЩЩն굶ǰȫô߸˴ţۣǻһɱ˵ķ
ԣǿʱƴֵϮ߿£
һҶЦҸոսƾȫշ֮ȫ֮𣿡
ʱ䣬һһѹսϵϢ֮һ䣬ɱܶȴʱһɺһ翹ĺ˾˹ȥҽһ˺޷رУ˲ʳѪ
Ǹ߸ĵѣٲҴɱҶ֮ȴǻն굶ɳ֮ȥкȻҲסת۳ɱȥ
⵶ǼöҶһ֣ɳ㼴ǰ׷һԾݶץȥ
мˣ
һЦڴʱʮӰͻȻƾճ֣Բͬλٶ
ЩӰĳ֣ȫףҶƾ֮ӦȻҲûз֡ɲǼ䣬ȴƾűһ֣ħʱ֣ޱߺѹķ
ǺʮӰȴȫôӰǰɰɫ֮ΣЦײҶ塣
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ㱻ǿԭҰ֮УʮӰסÿһӰͷĿѣЦצҶץȥ
ˣһЦУʵһƿݶڷ䵽Ҷǰ֮һף֮ϣǶʮöɫʯʱʯԳĵɭ֮аӰԼҶһ
Ҷ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼƾĸ֣صúǸ߸ҲתЦעһҶ㣬ն굶һᡣ¼ܣΣͷұȡˣ
һ±仯˲𣬷ЧҶͥʱŷӦ֪Ҷ˶ԷаʱŭǰȴѾˡ
Ǹ߸ЦţһֱնҶ㾱ࡣ
ȡͷûôסҶĿдʯ㽩ȴͻȻһܿһһָǰ̳ħʱָ֮׶ֱӴ˸߸˵֮С
㡭߸ҲԪ֣ôױɱϲӦסҶ㣬ȴܳˣ⧲֮£㱻һʬն굶ȥ
ܣһ˾֣ҶѾֿűħ߸еն굶һնȥ
ǺǱִ֮䣬ȴǱһնУһֱʱڿУѪţ֪ԼҶ֣ҧתӣȴҶ㱳һնһȣֱˤԺС
ҶԾ£ն굶ֱָˣ˷ɴ۾ֽеôܣĹ֮£ǿ֮ҲҪУ㲻ħҲôָôܣ
㲻֪¼˿һĶ𣿡ҶһЦ֮䱻ЩʲôĹǿԭҰвɱңΣ
ʲô˴֮£ʱҡ
ʱԭҰ֮еҶ㣬ȫ֣ħǵĹâʮֻĹΧתۼȫƳһ˿㡣ҶԽѣʱʵ֮룬һɢǿϢ
ǷĶõĺôȴҲΣա֮ʱⲿ΢˵֣ͬǰˣȫ֣ҶҲǶ֡
ȱһնֱۣٱҶ˵ȴʧ˵ֿ֮ģűסҲеֻںȴˡ
Ҳɱ㣡
ŭ֮£˲һһԾһ֮䣬ʮöʯ˰׹⣬âѸٵںϵһ𣬾Ȼһ޴ʵ֮ҶаЦ
Ҷǰһն굶ֱӴ˵֮У˽Ǿ޹ʧȥ˿ƣʱɢİӰҶҶֻһ㱣ԭҰħǹâһһбָ
㣡Ҷӣ
ҶͥͷЧͬʱ˹ߣеʣû°ɣ
ʵաҶ˵һĶֻ֮¾ҪСʯ
һ֣ħʱ֣ǴʮöʯĻԺ˵ֱȡ£͵ǰй۲죬ٽһССʯȡһȽϣ㷢ͬһʯ
ǹʯͷⶫʵ£Ӧõ÷ȴԪʿɱƾǿߣ
Ҳû˵㰡ЧЦΧһǽ壬һ¦Ҫ㣬ȴô˵ְһõһʯŽ˷۱
ˣҶͥͻȻһüǱ߲Σհɣ
ᡣҶҡͷ¦ΪֶθѾַޱ֮ģʹԼһϯ֮أֻ£Ӻ
ʱһӽƹʿȴڽ³˽Ҷͥ뷽ЧʱڳƷҶȴһ֡
ҶǽƽҲᣬæǰȭҵǷֹϢǳʲô£
д̿ɱңһɱ˶ѡҶһָϵʬ塣
ǽϸһȦȴֻʬ壬ۼԺﵽѪȴ
һ˼ʮˡҶ˵λԪʬд棬ѱҷɱѪɢˡ
ԭˡǽ͸Ȼ֮ɫͬʱҶ̬Ȳɸӹ
һڽʿҲɫ䣬ļ£һҶǰսս
ͽ˵ذɡҶ˵ҺЩ̿Ͷ˰죬Ҳˡ˵꣬ҶͥͷЧʹɫն굶ǻף뿪˷ôԺԼסȥ
Ҷ㡣ǽæ͡


107 Ĺն
Ҷ첽صס߲߱Ϲ۲еĵ뻤סҶͥͷЧ͸ȴҴ˼
磬֣鷳ǰҿţҪκšſڣҶˡ
İɡЧһͷվſڣشܡ
Ҫ÷𣿡Ҷͥʡ
ǡҶͷЩ뷨һԣʯ̫죬Ա߻Ӱ졣
ȥɡҶͥ뷽ЧһסŻ
Ҷն굶ֻ䵶޳Ļȣ΢΢뵶෴ʹ֮ʱȡ
˵һѺõ
Ͽ뾫ƳɵĳʵɫȻ֣ʵȴʯеһ֡ǿȴˣʯȴͬҶϸ۲죬ִ˵֮ʱնĿĲǵУǵɢ֮Բʹжˡ
һ˵ȷʵһѱҶ㻺ͷ
Ҫ֪ٺõĵõþ˵ҲԽǺõԽҪ˾ıһı䱣ķãһ˵֣һ˵Ҳֻд󸻴ʹõ
ս֮ɱ֮ʱȴûʱȥֻεһֱĥʲôʱ뵶˼ޣͻֱӱϣʹʧֻ·һ
ĵȴ⡣
Ҷ˵е޵ȴûʲôΪѰѾ˵ǣȭŵȴʤκη
˵ȴֲͬ
˵ȫˣȴǷʿУʢᡢԪʿʹô˵ɱƾǿߡ
Ҳˣ¦ŻǸ߸˴ϴ˵ɱҶ㣬ȴΪ˸Ϊա
Ҷ㰮ֵظջǽ£ǻ
ǻ֮ϣʮʯ͵İ׹⣬Ҷ̽ȥֻʯһ㣬ԼԼоһаĹ
ħԼעǹʯ֮Уʯ˱仯һŵİӰʮöʯڶڿҶ뷨һɫĹӰצε
ʯĹҶĬţͷãȷʵǺöɱˣȴ޼ˣȴκμҪ㡣
Ƕȴȶ£ǵȴȵǿ
Ҷ̧סһöʯħʯУıʯ̬ˮӿʯۣ뿪˻ס
ʯ͵ն굶һöʯħħ뵶ڣƬ̺󣬵ҲӿȻӿԵдѿ类ƶһ㡣
ʯͷڲȻҲҫŽĹɫⲿ޲ͬ羫һ㣬ҲʮּӲӿѰֻһ£Ҫ̱Ƥ⡣
ʯ
һʯԾͷ
ʯʣʱ뵽Լǰжһʯʯɫ֣֣ɢζ뼫֮ʶʯ
ʯеļƷֱӿԸӦϰʿ֮ʱҪʱʱʯܽɲͬΪΪ
ּƷʯ㱻ΪʯΪһ㡣ðʯǿ֮⣬һĹܡƷ
ԣԪĸ߸ˣܽն굶֮Ҷɳɱɱ
ͬʱǿİʯȴҲΪѵã˲õı
ʯʯǺ϶ΪһֻΣ
Ҷ䣬ֶѾԼڻεʯغһƬ֮󣬰ɫĹʯע뵽˰ʯ֮У֮ںϣѪҺע뼡һ㣬Ϊһ塣
ǵɢ֮УҲضһЩǰɫӰӣڵϣ·ǵĹâ
ã
ҶĿһԻȡһöʯ֮ն굶֮Сʱʮöʯһöʣն굶֮С֮ǰõһСʯ֮ãҲڡ
ʮһʯɷ˱仯Ǳ仯ҶĿ֮չȴδӰ쵽ԭ״ֻǵмӺ񡢱ѡ
֮󣬵ϱһ޵İ׹֣Ҷ㽫Уħħע뵶У͵һӣʱʮӰɶڿ֮⻯ʮӰݺᡣ
һ֮⣬ȴʮӰɣ·һ龫ֻǵģһ㡣
ҶһתڵϣһָʮĹʱצצֻǰӰӰʵʱǾ֮ġࡱǵצҲ˾֮⣬֮ȴƿ֮
Ҷص˵ͷ䣬ħɢն굶еĹʯʮֻĹʱ۽һγһֻ޴Ĺ
ЩâġࡱҲһӰ֮šӿţγһŻɫľԪ
⾫ԪɢǿҶԼоǱƾǿҲҪǱըֱ֮ӻɱ
ã
ɵͷ΢Ц͸˷ܵĹâ
һն굶ʮöʯȴкϳһ˲õķһԪǿУܻɱƾǿߵ
ţͷԭǷ취ˣȤ
ն굶ĹԪѵȴ̸ΪǿΪҪʿȼﵽһ̶ȣ֮ҪֱӻɱƾǿߣȴҲЩѣն굶ĹԪȴ˲䱬ƾǿߺɱ
ϸһ룬ΪȻն굶ĹԪֻʹһΣùֻ֮ĹҲҪɢеĹʯҲͷˣȴһԵʹãǧ
ңն굶ĹԪ֮Ҳܻɱƾǿߣ⵶˳ǿУٶԪ֮Ҳǰ㡣ȴͬǳǿʹã֪ܷӳá
죬ô򵥡ʱԼķǱˡ
Ҷ㲻ɰ롣
ն굶޴Ĺɢ˿ΪʮӰع鵶С
ԪĹԪһеǸѹ׵ľѾƾͬǿභȻʤ㣬˼ȴ˼ʹá
롣
õķĹɢжϵս֮סģȴյ֮Чʱնɱ֣ͬǸ߼ǿߣҲǻ롣
ʱͻȻ֮ţޱ𣺡磬磬ҶôˣһɧҵĴţ͸оԣ̸ϻˣ
û£û£ЧЦ֪ҶѾƾʵȴûʲôˡ
֪ޱ˵Ҷ
ǲˡҶͥ̾˿׸Ҳţ
Ҷ羿ˣޱˡ
û¡Ҷ㵭Цţն굶Ŷ


108 ר
ʲôޱҶ㰲Ȼʱһע⵽ڲͬĳ
ն꣬ɰʯɣޱȡҶ㽫ݸޱ
ʯʲôʱŪôһޱӹϸشţָ̽
СЩҶ㶣ҽʮöʯ˵˵ܷųĹǡ
ʲôޱɴ۾
ôСֵġҶһЦǴ̿͵ı䵽ҵһ죬ȴһССķ
㡭㾹Ȼʯ֮ޱԾС
Զһ㡣Ҷ˵
ʲôԶһ㣡ޱսʼҲûжãһʼɱ˵˿ʼʯҪʮöʯ뵶УҲôʱھɰ
˵ҺҶһص˵ͷ
ǡޱʮ˵񡣡
Ҷͥһһ㶵ģЧЦ˵һʼ˪ȴҶǵˣһɱҶӾƾʯǴϽѺùϵѡ
ɱҶ磿ޱһ±
ǣЧһæֲ֣ʶսӢϧӢۣúúͳѡ
ˡޱһ˪ٶҶ綯ʲô⡭
ô˵ҶǶԼˣҪ˺
ǾǣЧĨ˰ѺûҶӣҲôﵽʥ伶˵ѾظŹˡ
Ǳáޱ¶ЦЧͲɳһ
ѵʵޱŵУƬ̼䣬ϾͷɳʮӰޱɫȴһ䡣
ôˣҶ̲ͥסеʡ
ҿƲЩޱԳ֮ɫʱʮӰȴĹ֮Σǽ󻯳ɵţ͵طХȻޱ
СģҶǰסޱнӹն굶ħħͬʱУʱʮֻĹϵĹʱڰͣסԹԵת
üһޱɾ̾ôסЩĹģ
Ҳ˵塣ҶһЦΪʯ˹ʯʯǣǲֻҰɡ
ѵֻһʹˡޱ˵ͷ⵹Ǻ£±ˡҹؼ֮ʱ⵶ʹã˵ܳ䲻öԷ֮סԷء
ҶһͷտԨʯĿռ䣬ն굶С
ôǷ㡣ЧͲɸ̾
Ȼˡޱ˵Ȼôºеı
ʱӳɽȴһ˸˹ɫأֱߣ˽ǰҶһȭллأû¡һ˵£̼Ÿ˹ʧô
û¡ҶһЦ
ʲôô󵨣ӳɽʡ
ҶͥҪ˵¦Ҷѵ಻ֻ֪ʬ£Ԫĸ֡˶ʬ޴档࣬಻ó˵ͽش紦ðɡ
˵ӳɽһͷԭԪĸִ˵ʲô
ͻȻ仺㵵صҶ㣺Ԫ֣඼ʬ޴棿
ѾΪƾˡҶͥ˵
ӳɽɴ۾ð˵
Ȼ֮ѡκųһٶȽȥ²֮Ƕһĳ˰ɣ
ôšҶҡҡͷ˵ҲǽҶѡ
»нҵģӳɽֱ졣
֣ڽһ֪Ŵ²㣬˴üִ뿪Ҷʱת⣬˵⣬˵Ҵ뿪ƣ˷ڤǰߡ
áӳɽҲҶ㵽ҪʲôֻһͷģϢ©ʱߣ͡
ԽԽðɡҶ˵
Ǿհɡӳɽ˵Ҵ㣬װʾ뿪;֮͵͵ȥδҾͲˡֻҪԼ˲й©Ϣұ֤û֪ڽƹ
лˡҶһ
ӳɽҶѯһЩ̿͵Ŵ뿪Ժʵصȥˡޱ뿪Ҷ㣺¦˰ɣ
Ҷͷ
ߣ¦αȥޱ˵
ʵݣϵġҶҡͷһЦ
ɣҷ˵ײɣޱһҶ㣬Լȥ
Լǰȥ»Կ㣬׷ҶͥޱԶȥ̽شߴҶ㡣
áҶһͷ׷˳ȥһ·׷ϣ׷ޱ֮ʱҲѾһݡޱֱŶ룬ȵ¦ҳ
Ƭ̺ʱ˳һޱʱʩ
¦ҡޱ˵
ڤӵѾ뿪ˡ߹˵
ˣʲôʱ򣿡ޱüʡ
һˡ˵˵ǻҪҪ죬ҵ顣
һǽƻޱһ
߰ɡҶסޱ֣תȥޱ˵ЩʲôйŭСֱҶסɫʱʲôԹȴûˣԹԵظȥˡ
ıӰĨ˰Ѻ
ô߹֣һ·žסȥޱ΢СҶţͷţ˵ؾţϿҸʲô˵˵һʱֲ֪˵ʲôȥ˵¦
¦´μˣһ˵š
˰ɡҶһЦʱһ˵ʣܽԼ˦ѵһɶԪĸ֣ܲǷڤ⣬ʲôҲ
Ϊʲôޱʡ
¦ڷڤĬĬţûаҶ˵ˣͻȻ̶һֱʵֿܣ߶й֪ĸ֡˻Ƿڤڲʿһɳ֡
ûֿأޱʡ
¦̣в֮ܿʱҶţɱң㱩¶Ĳ̡Ҿƺһֱڶʱٽߵĸ֣Ͳ˵ˡ
ô˵Ҳܽͱ֮ˡޱ˵Ҵûκ˵֮£ҾҲ¦Ӧ˵УõϢ죬Ѱˡ
пܡҶͷˣôⱦеıҲһˡ
ǵÿжҪ֮ȣޱ˵治ıôƣҲҪԸźá
ʧԪ֣ʮöʯһƷİʯն굶һƥǧһֵǵĹ塣ҶЦ˵Ѿǳ˸
ޱ˵ҪԿԵóӶ˲źã
˵Ů˵ﲻãȻġҶҡͷЦ漴װɻ󣺡԰¦ʱأ㱦ģȴֺ㰡
Ҫ㣬񲻾ǵң汿ޱֵ˵
ŶǺεҶװ
Ϊޱ죬Ҷ񣬲ͻȻʶԼʧԣɫɴ졣
ˣ


109 Ԫ
չǧ˶ŶƶšɵǶӣѱʦĴǧ˶ҵнΪأҲΪ
;ǧһ𡣡ʮɽǰӳɽҶ㹰һ񡣡ҶӭΪƹ
ˣضӳذɡҶǹֻһڸһ£ӳɽӡ
ԼСġӳɽһ䣬˵˼䳡ϵĻӴظ
ҶĿȥ󣬴ǰȴй۹۲ΧΧѾԶȥ󣬲ŶҶͥ˵磬ͽˡ
İɡҶͥһͷ
λҶתЧ͡ŦӵˡʵǶʤҴ磬ҴϾǷڤ٣˳뼸λúøƽع顣
ġЧһͷԼˣؽôࡣ
ȥɡŦ˵ô˵ҲǲԭӣʵޣȴҲܸǵ򵼡
ˡҶһ֣ƹĵαȽϼ򵥣ҲΪ׼ϸĵͼϷλҰѰˮ֮ı£ҲѾѧᡣգǽҶǰȥȽϺá
ǶءŦ˵ͷ
أһҲͬ
ġҶһЦޱһͬѩӰжȥʱѾԶ˴ӡ
һޱ̲ס˵ñ˽Χߣġ
Ҳ̸ҶһЦ˶ԸΧеµǿ߰ˡ
ԿɣޱЦ˵ģ㵹浱仰˵ģ˵˷ڤԶ£ԻáӢۡĳƺš
οɾͲӢˡҶ˵ҪȥҪֵı
û֮ǰͲġޱ˵֮֮ƾʲôǷڤĻӣⶫ͵ùѾҲͰˣȻǳ뺣֮˭ȵõ˭ġ
¦õֻ»ҡҶ˵˳ǸСرػȷѪꡣ
ǾͰѶޱŵúܡ
ֻΪɱңܽȥλԪ֣Ҷְʯն굶͹ʯѵñ治֪ļҵ׵ж񡣡Ҷ˵͸Һˡѵ˵ıĳֲ֧ɣıǲǿ׵ġ
ǲ²ġޱ˵һһɡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
ʱ˾ͳѩӰУϱҺʵĵطϢ֮⣬ûʱ㽻д衣ҶԽԽǿڽ֮ʱޱǱ˶ȴҶ٣ޱöˡ
֪µʱȥޱҶʵ٣ޱȻѾؽӽƾ۷徳磬ʵԽԽǿ
һҹһգ˽д֮ޱȴ̧ͣͷһЦҶ磬ǹˣ
Ҷ㲻һҹڲԭµ龰֪ģԼһҹʱĻЦˣһСһƤ̺Լģޱ߹ȥһ¡
˵֮ʲôޱͻȻ
ǹ⡣Ҷ˵
ҵʱءޱЦת֮䣬ʶѾôˡ
ʱ䡭ҶͷȥҴңת۰꣬ȷʵǿ졣ʱȴֻޱȡ
ʲôʱأޱʡ
֮ܿʱҶЦԼ֮ˣôʱƺùˡ
˵ʱǿޱ׷ʡ
ҵҶעޱ۾Ŀޱɫ죬ȴתȥ
ΪΣ֪ʡ
һʵõ¡Ҷֻ̾ԽǾ֮ʱʱűԽ졣ֻòãҪˣҪ·ˡ
֪˵ЩĻޱЦЦᡣ
᣿ҶЦΪ죿
˭ˣޱֵصһۡ
ϧûоӡҶҡͷһЦͻȻ˻ճ̽˳ݸޱȴ˻һ澵ӣøգǲ졣
ҲŲաޱƿճȡЦҶ㣺һˣܴһ澵ϣȴΪΣʱԼգǷ񱻷ͷɣף
˵ţȴͻȻǾӷ¹֮󣬾ȻԼɺһʲôӣôƽ÷·ˮƵģ
˾ΪճҶ˵ȴһԪӦڶϵĴ֮װһ֮
Ŷˡޱһͷ˵ֻǵʱδϡþӴַ֮ҵͷһ˵
ҶճҪ˻žϺһȻ¹һ˿ħ㿴Ǿ֮
ԭҹһϣʱһˮ¹ħһãʹճͼԼ¶ޱɾа棡
ҶһЦĿɨ棬Ժ֮ȴͻȻһǾֵļ֣ʱ֮УֱͶ뵽ԭҰ֮ڣǱħǹâһԳʵ֮ΣͶ뵽ħ֮Уħ׺֮ȴתҶϤķڤ֡
⡭
Ҷ㲻һ漴һϲ
Ҷ磬ôˣޱ죬ɳһæеʡ
ƺܶЩˡҶ㲻޼˵
֣ޱǼģ֣ȴҲϵáԶ֮ʱ֣ڵϵðɣܶ
ǰҲϵáҶ˵Ų֪ΪʲôЩȴҵ飬תʶ֡
ǾͿеֶʾɣޱҲ˷˵֮ô棬ͼһգôɣ
ҶһͷæվѩӰ
ʱѩӰԱߵзɱͣǰޱȥһѩӰѩӰһˮԴĵط
ѩӰ죬ȴ̶ʱʹŶһּСϪԡҶޱϪߣճϪ¹ҫˮУħСϪϱʱֳһͼһ֡
Щ֣һӳҶУٽ뵽ԭҰУħǹâҫħ֮ħ׺ͻҶϤķڤ֣Ҷʱͽ֮ȫա
֮ͬԻԻħʵħҲ֮Ҳߣǧǧ棬ߣһֻʶʶϿЦҲһз֮ԴɾɡԪʹ֮;Ϊ̹;֮°빦
Ȼд£츣ɣΪɣԲ֪ʲ飬淨ڴ˾֮УԵߵ֮֮øûΪ컯
ǧŷԴ˾ճ֮֮࣬һнԵ
һ֣ȴǴճԪԶǰдǰߵ󣬱ǴӼѵ֮֮ͼΪ˵
Ҷ㷭ճеͼģ۾һգգؿȥϤͼм֮˶ԪЩϤʱϸ˵ȴԪ˸˽⣬Ҳ֪˹ȥԼͼܽȴ֮ȫ
ԣҶ㲻ͷ
ޱЩ֣ҲҳֻվһԣΪػ


110 
һҹҶ㳹ҹδߡ
ٵĶճмصġԪԪҲԼ֮ǰ֮˸ĵãħҲ˸ĵá
λԶ֮ʱߣʵǸǰ޹˺ߵ֣δʥô¼ʥˣ
̲סš
ħֲͬķʵȴͬһַ档һɣôħҲãҲã;ͬ飬ֿ⻥תȴմ֮ͬ
ħΪ񸨣ΪħȴʹΪ׳һ
ħһ֮˵Ѿ壬һСС磬һħ硣
ʱ˻öôǿ
Ҷ㲻ɸ˷
֮ǰ˵ʱԽʱŵȴԽ죬ת֮ѾȥҶȴҲֻҡͷֹĶ
ֻٵˡޱЦЦ
Ҽ㿴ԣҲʮֺ档ޱ˵﾿ķ
ԪҶ˵һλԶʱǰ͸ħ֮ıʣ֮ܽͨ˷սΪħһǿߡ
ħޱһʲô
һܣһǰܡҶ㿴ޱһƬƽһЩ£ޱһЩ¡Щ£Լ׸ҲûиߣȴҪޱһͬһͬе
ܸ㡣Ҷ㿴ޱһΪ֪ܣһȻ󲨵ܡһֱֻһĵףԸΪΩһ֪ܵ𣿡
˼ޱҶ㣬ʵʱǾ㵣ɫ㽥ʶʲôĿٵ
Ҷ磬ʵͷ΢΢ʵүүҽʱҾͺǺ棬ʱǲֱҼ㣬ŷүү˵ĸ㡣Ҷ磬ҡ
̧ͷҶţһ˵ͻȻٵҧ촽ƺԥȴǼᶨǰ̤һֱվҶǰ
֮
ϲ㡣Ҷ㣬˵ɫͨ졣
Ҷ㿴û˵ֻ֣šȻͶԼĻرס
Ҳϲ㡣˵㡪ԸҵԸҰͷ𣿡
Ը⡣ޱ˵
ҶЦˣøޱۣУҲرҶ㡣˵һһͬһ
ôҶ˵иĸֵܽãȻһ·ߵյģȴһûѪԵȴܵˡĸȥֵܽûԳɼңŮҲ߷Զ߱ǵ磬ֻһˣǣ֣һޡһЦһرϡܣĸĸҲ˵ѪֵҲܽǸˣȴԶޱȵ̹ףû˿ޱҵǸˡ
ҲҵǸˡޱ˵
ɿԷԷţٴμӿ죬ʱһȴ˹
ôˡҶ̧ͷ̫𴦣ЦʱĶ
ÿɺޡޱ˵ͲһЩ
ʵһΪħʹˡҶͻȻ˵
⻰ת̫죬ȴޱЩӦҶ㣬ֻЦʲôˣֻҪ㲻ǻˣҾԶ㡢㡢㡢㡭
㲻˵ҾǸ𣿡ҶЦˡ
ˣޱһۡ
үү˵ʱֻǸЦҶ˵㣬ȴѵõĺùҲḡ֮ˣǸҲһˣǱ񡣵㣬ȴ̲סҪЩЦ
ǸϷŮӵӡޱЦų˸
ҶЦ
ôޱʡġ
Ҷǲȴޱսޱٴμ٣ɫҲø죬ۼҶԽԽߵñ۾ȴҲڴ
Ҷȴһ߻˹ȥȴսޱĶߣ˵ұԶĿռҵıˣɺã
Ϣȣȴޱо̲סز
š򸡣
ҶЦţһʯ
ǰҵۼϳ⣬һħϰʿڹħħǿޱȡ˵һλʥˣλŮӡգΪʥڷȥ֮ǰп˶Ϊħ󣬶а֮ģʹ䲻Էӡħ֮ʹħ׾¡
ʵʥˡ֮ޱţ̲סͷֽ˵ֻҾƶȴħûʲôϵûħ֮ˣħ𣿡
ҶͷҲôġ
ޱЦˣסҶ֣ΪԼ뵽һȥˡ
ȴô֪Щޱʡ
ӡħ֮Ǽ򵥵£Ҫǿѹ֮ʥķħ֮ȴԻ˵Ϊѹħˣ㱻ΪħʹҶ˵ҾǷħʹ
ޱҶ㣬ȻĵѾµһЩʱҶ˵Щȡ
һλħʹ֮ʱʥķħ֮ѰµʺϵΪħʹӤ֮ʱʥ֮㽵ǻۣҶ˵Ȼ󣬾ͽħ֮ѹڣһԾѹħˣħʹг˵ǻܣȴԶΪʿ
㡭ޱҶ㣬һĲ⡣
ҿħ֮䲢𣬶ŲңΣ֮ʱ˾ĽһƣԿħʹ־ħ֮Ҷ㻺˵֮ܽ٣ʵڹħ֮ʡ
ţԼһܣޱؽޱޱȵţҶһ漣ĸԴ
Ҷ硣սҶ֣֣ص˵ܽܶκ˽ȻħѾ಻֪ڣº͡ħ˹ϵǲã֮ҲԴ㡣
ϳ֮⣬һ֪¡Ҷ㿴Ŀˮ
ޱԼƺҪڻˡ
⽫֮Զܡޱ˵үүҲ͸¶㡣
˵ţְסҶ֣˵޼漦޹湷Ѿһ㣬ˡҸ־ҵҸ֣ĲֻҵĲֻҪþһа취ҸҾҲܿҸ
Ҷ㿴ޱȴٴδսڣޱϼٵУ촽ӡ촽ϡ
ˣ򸴺󣿡Ҷ㿴Цš
ɲģޱͻȻʲô֣ص˵㿴߾иֳɵĴŮֻʶˮľɽ׺ơΣ㲻Ƕ˼
Ҷ㿴ֻЦ֣
ˡޱһ䣬ͷȴ⻵˻ȥˡ


111 
죬Ҷʱ¹ǰԪסˡ
ʱȴһ֣
ǻǸԲ֪ԵԵ޷ֱ档ΪΪˣϰ֮մ˷Ϊ˷֮ʼ棬˷ΪΪ޸ɡ
ճȴžһһѺۣҶ㾪мæħȴѾˡһѺۿǰȥʹֳ룬ճʧȥһһͨľӡ
ôˣޱҲһ
λԪǰȷڳˡҶ̾һճϪóԪֲȷ˷ܸ˼ǻô˷󣬵ֲԸԼŴ֮ˣھȴ˷뾵ѣͨԪ֮ħ˱仯ʹзӦѾԪԱԻˡ
λǰȷʵ֡ޱ澵ӣҡͷ̾Ϣ
˼Ǿһ٣ʵݣһѧԪˣԪĴʼˣһжûйϵҶһЦ·ɵʲôԼΪʲô˷֣׷һ
Զ֮ʱ磬˭˽⡣ޱ˵Ҳ¿ܵʱȷʵʲôǿƶʲôԡ
ͻȻͣڣȻ̽ʣҶ磬ͻȻ뵽һֿܡ˵λǰ᲻᲻ǵۼϵˣǡʥе
ҲֿܡҶ㻺ͷֲ֮ܽͬͳϳһ֣ȷʵƷˡ
ЦЦһеԭʲôҲ޴ӷֱ档֮ԪѾճҲ˷Ǳ˳ӦȻɡޱھͰԪһ֮㣬һͬ
šޱ˵ͷгڴ
𣬾Ŀʼ֪չȥȴѾȫԪ֮ϰʹ˷֣޷ƾʿҲмǿãֻԼ֮ǰȣֱǷȥһҪﵽƾ۷壬ͻƶһ
ϲ֮࣬ҲеĿģһһ߼ӽ·ħɽԽԽˡ
죬ħɽǲߵɽ壬˳ɽ¶£͸ֱޱߵĴ󺣡
Դ󺣣Ҷ㲻ɸоȻΰޱߵˮǰǿǿҲСֻһų

뵽ճλԪǰҲ˵ǧŷȴǳҲֻһءǳˣȨˣˣһȴأȻµһС
һʱ䣬س˾ηȴҲоԼСгɵһϲȴɢȥȡ֮ǫ֮ġ
ȣǿΣһ
ͨ˽ڣҶȴ֮һͨԭҰҲӿһȻķ磬˵ľ֮
պȴĪĺô
п֮ѩӰɽ¶ȥ֮ɽź߱ȥ
ѩӰԽԽ죬ɽ֣һȴǰһʮɵӡӽ֮Ҷ㷢Щ˾ȻŷڤװȴǷڤˣвһ˿衣
ЩҲע⵽ԺҶ㣬Ϊ߻ͷ䣬ȴɫһ䣺ޣ
ţȴ͵һ¶ϲɫܵõֻޣǲǼһĶʱ¶ǼһȻУһкôɾͶǵˣ
ôףΪߺһ¶óһֻ޿Ǻ¡Χˣ
ǣһ֮䣬еʱסͣ£ѸٵزóһΣһסȥ·
ѩӰɣתۼѾ˽ǰҲЩ˵Χ͵һԾҪϿȥ
һֻޣΪзŹ⣬͵һƻʱһλȫᣬؼ׵ĸߴ֣һȭѩӰȥ
ߴֱ࣬ۻ䣬ȫԴõеѩӰѩӰڿУѾ޷УҶ㲻һһȭʱȭħ֣߳Ǿ޴һȭȻУȭѩӰ跴֮Ծأ䵽ϡ
һʱΧ˹ѩӰΧҶЩ˲ǰȻóսľˣӦһȺˡ
ʲôˣΪʲôǵȥ·ḧѩӰѩӰķŭʵ
λӺÿĹ򡣡Ϊ߶ҶߵıȭħҶ㹰˹֡ᣬﵽƾѵáҲˣ߿ռϵء涯ǹȻҪӺλƯˡ
ЦЦû˵ȥ
ʶ㣬ֻ£ǱǰȻȥΪһ˵
ҪҵǣҶЦˡȫԣֻҪͬɡѩӰЩҪ㣬Ըǣ
ѩӰһˣ﷢ͳ֮צâʱֵ˼
ǸӦҶ㻺˵
ǿǰɣΪЦΪƾһסҵֵǣȻûԪĸ֣ȴλʥ伶ʣµĶ䡢伶˾жǵϣʮ˺Ҷ㣬ɣһȰ£ԱС˵İȫ
һСˣһСˣûҷǰɣޱʱȴƢһѩӰΪȥ
ӴԼˣΪЦţҿСǶ˼ͶͱءҾӭһ̰ɣ
˵ţǰȴʱʵ
ɼ˵ʵȴȫҪһޱ֡
ޱȴҲ࿴һֻۣΪ߶ȥ˼ޱСԼɶŭ͵һǰһץһ쳤֣ޱץȥ
ޱһȭͷһ֮䣬㺮ŮͻȻ֣ƮֱӻϣĻҲûУֱӱɢ
һʱ³һѪһƨڵϣڴϢţҲά֣ɢ
ƾΪ߾㵵صɴ۾ޱ
ţޱΪߣһЦ㵹Ǹƾʿոսã綼ȹ̡֣͸Ҵ˰·ر
ţмʥ伶ĺ֣ͬһмͱشųһʱ۵ΪߣȴóȻֻ֣ǵʣô죿ҪҪƴˣ
ƴŻ־͸Ǽһһ⣬Ȼתֳޱʩ񣺡ûĻǻƺ¥ޱСɣˡ飬žȻû˴С㣬£
㵹мʶޱһ
ңżæ˵¼ôʹﵽƾϲŮӣҲֻСһ˶ѣֻҪһ֣Ȼ˶ܲ³ǲԣСᣬҲǽѡ
һޱ£ټһҶ㣬͸µˡ
ƾĸһҪһɱ⣬ȫ¡
ɣޱһ
Ҷ㻹ѰҪҪ¦ˣȴҲԸ¡
ҶȴͻȻڡ


112 ޵Ϣ
Ϊ߲ü䱸
ΪҪѩӰҶḧѩӰͷʡ
Ϊ۾תתͷƺ˼λش
ĸɵģޱҲҶ˼ʱʡ
С㣬ǰŵġΪߴ𣬡ûʲôδС֮
ǧܵƹֵطʲôˣޱ׷ʡ
Ϊֿʼ˼
ǵɫǲ˵ʵˡޱñ䣬㺮ŮƮ趯˿ϲơ
С㣬˼Ϊҧ䲿ҲƴһģһԶ˻
Ҷ㵭һЦѩӰ£ն굶ǰޱɡЩ˲ײǲġ
ѽޱһЦȻֱӽ㺮Ůջڣתȥ
Ϊ߲ɶסҶ㡣ޱ⣬˽֪ǼǿĲŮҶȴǸ֮˼ȻҲƾҸһ˶ԿԼ߼ʮˣȻҲй˵ֶΣȴɲ
ԷٴеģҶֻ΢Ц̧ն굶ңָΪߡ
ҶʱһоͶˣȰ㻹ֱ˵ĺá˵
⡭Ϊ߻ԥ
ʱʮӰ͵ն굶зջʮֻĹХΪ˹ȥ
ʲôΪ߲ɷոָоֻĹѾӶ˲Щʥ伶ʿڣЩ˾һʱסȴѾĹԭҰ֮Уٲܿ塣
ʲôΪ߾ִС
ڼ˾Ҳȫ˵
Щ˿ʥ伶ְֻһȫʯһ㣬̻ô
ٸᡣҶ㻺ڣһ֮Ѿ嵽Ϊǰһնȥ
Ϊоȴҳɣȭ֮䣬߾ӭ˵УȭƵֵС
Ҷĵȴδն£һֻĹӰȴΪ߷ĵʱԺĵ壬ʱ־㱻ֱԭҰ֮Уʧȥ˶Ŀƣʱ
ǾĶҲͣΪߣƬ̼Сջ塣
Ҷ㵭ЦţὫΪߵĲϣĿɨˡ
ʡ˵ΪˣҵʲôĿġ
ۼźͼλʥ伶ĳ̼ͱס֣˶Ŵˡû˵ֿ֮ģСֱӹ˵ϴеӴæȭӣ飬빫
˵Ƕ˵
ӣ½ѾˣҲûʲôġ˵޳֣ڻرԽ˶׷Ѱټ
ܵԪӦ˽ƹǾһ·ˡ
ǰŹ¶һǿ֪£ǵֵĻСһ㣬ŲԸ˵ġ
ҪޣֻֻΪʳɱ֮ѡ
˵Ѿ˺УһѾ۽ںѾв˳˴ˡ
˵һҶޱȴףԭȴ׷Ѱ޵ټһ·
ǺɰҶ㻺ͷˣӵ֮䣬ʮֻĹڷɳع鵽ն굶֮ڡ
һڸִʱָŵóһ亹ȥҶĿгη壬һ㡣
Ϊɫ԰ףն굶촽ǹʯ
㵹Ҷ㵭һЦԭί֪Ȱһ䡪־ֻΪޣƾŵȴûл֡طڤɣװԼ
˵ųޱһͷߡ
ѩӰתѾɱȥ°һھ֮С
ͨ˵жѾû˶־ҶԲԼһ˵ʵδĺģͲ㱻ǲ뵽֮С
ΪҲˡ
ǻǻؼҰɡͻȻ̾һ֮£Ųǵͷ´
Ӣһλǳ̾ľǸŴ֣ȴֻķݡ
˿ȴǵաһλ˵ˣǻ֪աʱһζ˵ͻλ֮֡
˷׷׵ͷͷɥȴŷڤȥٲ֮ġ
ҶޱѩӰһ·ۣޱ̲סͷЩѾԶȥһЦŸոսƾǿСɣȴҲˮǲ֪ǳСʹ䣬ȴǾһ
ֻû뵽ȴܵˡҶ˵
ֱ׷㼣һޱЦ
Ҷȴһڤڤ֮У˭˵ǷһߣڽԼǣһأ
ҲҲлõɡ
Ҷ̲ס롣
䣬ѩӰѾԽֵأ˺ߡһƬޱߴ󺣣Ҷ򿪰Ӹĵͼϸع۲죬һָͼһǣ˴һСǿɵӶ洬
ҲԵһ¹޵Ϣޱ˵
ԵԿᡣҶ˵Ե׷棬Ҳֻʧ֮ۡǰѾȼǱ֮ϰɡ
ǱеıֵΪ֮ƴأޱʡ
ɰ⣬±áҶ㵭һЦһԵɡ
˶˵Ҫʤ죬ȴܽԵޱЦ˵
ʤ죿ҶЦˡν죿ǡ졯ָǿȨϵĸ֣ѹһеǿôұز֮ʤ֮ȻкܸҷŴ˿ԣ㿴ޱߴ󺣣嫹㲩֮ƣη֮⣿⺣Ȼ֮Уȴһˮʤ죿ǿǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
˵Ȥޱ˵ͷ
̫ˣΪ֪ηȻֻΪԼǿһУ֮ࡣҶ˵ǴԪǰȴÿһвͳۼǣǽʥ򣬳ΪʥףΣǧǵ¼Ҫɢʷ֮УΩز㡣
ĻôͻȻ˺öޱͷֻһʱȴ˵
֪ãȴصҶһЦѩӰָнŵͼǳȥ
һ·УýӽǳҶΪע⣬ѩӰ仯Ρ
֪ˣ㽫ҵ˪Ӱˡޱ˵
˪ӰҶ㲻⡣
¦ҵƥǧޱ˵Ҹȡ˪Ӱ˵
˪ӰѩӰҶ㲻Цˣʹһ˼ɣô֣ҪҵѩӰԣ
ޱһۡ
ǲ˪ӰΪáҶ˵
ףֻ˵˵ѡޱ˵һ·Ҫɽ֣ҪмǳѩӰȽϷ㡣
Ҳ˼Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
ΪΣޱʡ
ֳлôܣҶЦ
ˣ


113 ż
˵СʵģҲСҲƼ߱鲼
˽Уʱ˲ٷڤ˵ӰЩ˸ʿȺʮһӣڽϣھƹƣĬĬУĬĬл˵Ҳǵ
Ҳ֪Щ׷Ѱ޶Ϊ˱ޱ˵
׷ѰǵģѰǵġҶһЦȴͻȻͣס˽Ų
ôˣޱʡ
ƺǿһϤӰӡҶһָԱһҾƹݣˣڽ¦󡣡
ֱǼ¦ˡޱ۾һ
ǶסǣȴСıǷˡҶ
һϣƹݲҲ࣬ڶ˸ׯҪʳ߳Ա߼Ӷ档
˶ƾĸ֣йٱѰʿҪ񣬴ʱעȴƹ˶Ի˽⣬зڤ˵֮ʱǵȻҲΪ±ʿԼĻ͵ȥ
Ҷ㶢ˣȴˣһ˳ԳԺȺȣ̸Ц
֮һﱼʿƹ֮УһȥһȭˣѾ׼ˡ
ȻǵڤͣȴѾǲˡ
áҶ㶢סһͷЩͻһˣߡЩ£Ҳʱȥ¡
ǣһһͷ
ߡҶ˵š
˳˾ƹݣһ·Сĵظһ˶У֮⡣ںߣͷһȴǵͷһҴ󴬡
ô죿ޱüʡ
ͷϲǻ洬𣿡ҶһָǰǶʹЩǮһұǡֻããϣҪȴףҾϵǡ
˵ţһС洬ǰ˴
ƹǲԭȣǺȴһ֮ڣ񡪡ԭ񣬶񡣶ֶ̣ȴǷޱȣڷڤڵء
Ҳ˷ڤͣҶ㴩ףֻΪǺŹӣæЦӭҶҲϻֱȡöУҪӦʲôĴ˴ͷõĴ˭
˵ǮȻ֪޲ԣҪһСɡҪԶȥôҲĴ󴬡
˵ָԶҴ󴬡
ЩѾˡ˵Ƿڤر࣬Ҫʹȴֵô۷ǣͷڶæżӽ´ءҪҲҪһӣ´˵ˡ˵õĴңǿ
һָһܳ˵洬Ǳˡ㣬ֻСܵԶȥ硣Щڤ˶ҴСû˹Ӷ
лҶһͷ洬ȥ
ǵȫѹ򡣡ޱһЦ
ǰңʱһСԼװ˹Լʮ꣬˵ͷʵλӿҪʹ
ɺҶһЦ
϶áһЦǽڤˣֻʹʹ֮¡϶ҴС϶ٴĶӣҲֻˣڤȴǲԸӶ
˵һֻСҲɵԶȥ磿Ҷʡ
ȻߵһӴҼ㣬һָƣаȫȻġ
ǱáҶһͷӻȡʮö塣ܴǳЩǵˡ
һ˶ǽӲӵĽ壬ﶼųǽͣλӣҼҽһ洬ȥ˶࣬زˡ
ֻҶһҶ˵
ߵһһϴǿɲɡ
ûϵҶ˵ǱͨˮԣǽֱӶУҲλ
ģ
ȻҶ˵;ˮԼ𣬾⡣
ǱɡһͷҪʱδȥ
ǺʱߣǱʱߡҶһָԶ¦ǴҪһ·סǣɡܰ쵽ٸЩ塣
˵ţʮöȽС
ˡȻɻ󣬵Ҳ֪ĵͷֻȴҪغã¶ţȴ޸ɡ
ġҶͷ
ǣѩӰ˴ѩӰڲСѩӰ仯֮ʱſԣȴ֮ҲҶԼԭͣȴǽһҶŵòᡣ
ǡ߾㵵ָѩӰ
ҵȴǡҶ㵭һЦģͨԣϲ˺ǡ
˵꣬ȴһȴڵϣѩӰĤҶƹȴǳ壬ѩӰǣȻмӡ
λӲǷ˰˵ȻԼԦǣӷģ㽻£϶һɣ
ҲͷҶĿг˳ݡ
ҶޱӶЦ
ʱ¦µǴ﷫𺽣ãã󺣶ȥ߶ǴȴżԶ뿪ͷ׷ȥ
ԷǴȴԶȥʻͷʮ󣬱ذűȥҶĴںԶظţһֱʻʮ󣬼Ǵȴͣê
߼ǰȥԶĵطշͣ
ǴСԶЩǿٽͻᱻǷˡ˵
ͣڴ˴ͺáҶһͷ
ϸĵͼޱ˵ô죿
ˮ¹ȥҶ˵ţȥ
ѩӰԾˮУҲವһգһԾ£Ҷͺͬ˵ԼóǱˮɰҶһЦޱ˰֣ѩӰһȥ
Ҷ㲢ˮʱΪƾǿߣȴƳ˰Ҫ಻ϡһסȫһڲûˮǱж˵ȴ¡ѩӰǱˮĹҲ治һ㣬ˮоȻһɿǰ䲻ϱ֮٣ҲԺһСˡ
ҶţˮмУӽǴ·˽ԷѾʮˮ£ѰңƹЩˣѩӰһ𵽸ԶѰ
ת˼Ȧ֮ڶϷһ״ֵˮ½ʯϸȴԼдӣ֪ѰһұæѩӰһ˹ȥ
Ǵòˮɺˮ¸ľСҶ˹ȥϸع۲һҵһƿڣС
ѩӰȴξ޴ֻȺ
䰵޹⣬ҶƾĿȴȻһѰȴûʲôջ񡣶βʱȴβһƶֻƶõ˺׵ϣȴ
޴ĶλںףȻǴ֮ɣǵ֮ʱˡ
ʲôϮ⴬Ҷɻһ󣬷һֿʽĲշм壬мıʯΣΪ̫ضûƯ
֮⣬еֻһЩͨġıѡ
ʲô⴬أţǷѾصĻһ㣬˳Ŵƿڱˮأ
ҶԼָоҳУҵǼˡ
ʱȴѩӰһʹˮУҶҲѩӰǳζĽʱȥ
棬ѩӰ֮⣬ȴһ޴ĺӰ


114 ʯ
һֻɵľ޴ޣͬһ㣬ȴ˴СһͬһƬȥ˵Ĺ졣
ź⣬סѩӰһļơҶԳγĺʱʢ͵Ҷ㼲ȥ
һŴȻſ¶һ⵶ݣݺҧ
ѩӰˮз͵ؼܶһצץ߲࣬צӻЩƬĦĴ̶ȴֻǽƬѺۣδƿ
Ҷ㲢߱ȭħȻҶһȭݺݴ޵ıϣ޳Ť壬һʧ׼ͷһԵĳײȥ
ۼײ֮ʣȴٵš壬ȻһߣǲԸһ㡣
и飿
Ҷ̲סͻȻð뷨
޵Σ뷽żĴβ󶴣ҶԼµЩʲô
ܰɣ⴬Ѿûٶ꣬Ƕײģ˵ֻҲѾٶꣿ
ٵȷгģȴǱޣࡣܻٶ꣬ʵ漣
ѵҶޣ۾ͻȻһ
ѵһжصıйأǱӰޣʹ˳٣
䣬ҶĿޣȴٲ㱣˲䣬ħߣ΢΢̧кӿָ֮䣬Χˮ¶ȿٵ½γ˺׵İӿ
޵Ҳ͵˹ʣŤ׼Ҷ㣬ͻȻٴγ˹ٶ֮˾̾ѩӰҲûüӦ
Σ
Ҷɫ͵˫Ƴħ֮ƣʱͱ˱磬˪ɵĴ뺣ˮһһһӿȥ
ǿޱȵ似ȴûγӦеЧǼһٶȻΪ֮һȴûбⶳסһ˿㣬ŴҶҧ
ô£
Ҷһ˫һգȴ͵һŸ߸ºݺ䡣ħһֻ˪ʱں۳Σ϶޺ݺ
Ȼ֮УǿܵȴҲһǿȴڵʹٶô죬޸оϷϮ֪ȻŤο̤ݺںףΧһ𵴣ȴû˵ޡ
ʵ̤ľȻûУɢĺȴѾްΧֻ֮ǰһ㣬˿ںЩ˪Ť±εһԡ
ȫ±ħĺ
ҶԾСҪ֪ʹԪʱӳʱҲɶԿƾǿߣʵǿͬƾǿУҲҪʱⶳסѵʵԶƾ
Ȼܡ
ôֻһֿˡ
Ҷޣſƶ׼ħһʧξ˵սħȴߡ
µħƺҲܵΣյϢͻȻÿź⣬͵Ҷٴγ
ѩӰûǰԶԶοѾܵҶ־֪Լڽֻܷ
ͽϬ
ͽѻ顪֪ʲôʱҪʲôʱҪ
УܼͬѻֻȺͻȻ֣˲鲼ܣγһµɳɳûʿȴʿеɱ֮Уÿһռ䣬Хͬսʿŭ
иĦײ֯һȻ˿ƺɫʼ磬ԽԽࡣЩӲƬиơ飬޴屻ָֻʣһƬƬеѪ
ЩݣҲи飬һصİɫ
Ѫ֮䣬һ㵭ɫâûӹҶ۾еɳûн衢ҵʱҶСЩʱܿߣ˺Ǳ
˲ɳ룬ֽ̽ץУȴʱоֱһ첲ʱͱýӲˡ
д֮ʣҶɿ֣˲ֱħǱ˪֣ὫǶס
ʱɳҲʧƬָ
ڱħУһͷСʯͷʯͷȥͬһһ¶ںˣǵĹâںзɢġ
Ҷϸʯͷϣ˹ĻơھԶĹȥʯͷƺһ飬ڱ¶Ǻ𣬲¶Լ
ʲô
Ҷսʯͷۿʱоһ亮æӱħ֮Ժػܽӽ
ֻʯͷϿż֡ʯ
ʯҶһ
ڴʯĴ˵Ҳжšһżϼصģ˵ڱ֮һһرΪʯʯˮУʹˮγһѵռ䣬ȴ°빦ͬļʤһ㡣
ˣڴʯ͵ˮ˱ǱʣʹԭͻƽߣҲɽ
ȴǴʵƣʹ
ǿ˱ǹŹʹùȴҲδô˱֮󣬴˱δϣֻ˴˵
Ȼִ˵еı
Ҷ㲻һ˷ܣʱҲӦΧĺˮı仯ʼӿһϢΧ֮УŽ˶ݵʱӦԼٶԶʤ֮ǰ
ϲ֮࣬ٴϸ۲ʯֻʯϴ֮ʹκδ޷ӽϸӦҶ㷢Ǻȫںɢ֮½ħں֮Уʱһ
Ӧں֮У̺һɱԵȻȴ޷ãоһԼȻܴ˵漣
ʲô漣ԼҲ˵壬ǼǿƻһҲκһ־˵ı仯
ʱѩӰͻȻζ˹ǺϮߣԶͳ
Ҷʱע⵽ȻʮԶζǵЧϸһȴ¦һȺѰҳˡ
Ϊߵɴ۾Ҷеıʯܵʯɢı֮˸ս֮ȴ͸̰֮⣬ָָ棬ʾҶȥ˵
Ҷ㵭һЦһѩӰ§סĲӣſ϶ȥһٵظȥ
ѩӰٶȸʤһˮϡ֮Ҳ׷¶ͷǴͷĨһϵˮҶ㣬¶˱Цݡ
ⲻҶ𣿡˵
ǡҶͷϵ㡣ս֮ϣڵ󡣡
˵ͷǵµˣ˴η֮˴̴˱һ˵һ߿Ҷеıʯû뵽Ҷȴһ˴˹ϲҶǴԼ˱£תģǲ̰˽֮
⻰Ҷ㲻Цˡ
ҲЦЦ٣ЦʣҶЦѺðò뽫˱ȥɣ
ȥҶһЦ˱Ϊ֣Ϊðնã˵ȥֵҪҵıɣ
ģɫһ


115 ¦ȥ
ҵģ˭ģҶ㵭Цݡںٶ꣬Ѳ˭̵˭ġ
µõ˴ûȷλãõѰ֮ͼ콵Ե˱£ֱ׳֮Ҳ
Ҷ㣬ҿǻòͷˣһ俪ڡΪڤȴѵҪ췴ɣ
֮ҶЦˣ裬Ϊ֣еߵ֮е֮˵췴ҵˣѵڤʥѾ¦˲ɣ
󵨣ΪĿ䣬Ȼֱ֮Ҷ㣬
˵㶨ΪǷڤĻɣҶҡͷЦгζ
Ҷ㣬˿ȴûСڡΪɭҸᣬԼգɹֲˡ
˵䣬һλͻȻߣоں֮ϣһͬʱ֣ȴӶгǹˮеҶ̶ֱ
˵ˣ㶯ɱˣȻǿоҶ˲ֳħ֮ں֮ϡȭħħǰһȭӭԷǹ˵һ䣬Էˡ
ǿ΢΢һ漴һüһϣ
ʱʮУȻʮ˱оٶں棬Ӧȴʥһ
˵ȣȻ޷ʥ伶ǿ߰ʵоԼȴʱˮУȴҪ·ϮҶ㣬뺣ϵλǿγɺϹ֮ơ
ѩӰˣʱˮ£סЩˡ
ȻƵȴʥ伶ˮЩ࣬ǿ߲䣬ҪͻķֱӹɱҶ㣬ȴҲס
ΪҲδѾսֵηЩ˼ϣֻǼʮλʥǿߣһΧסҶ㡣
Ҷ㣬ٸһᡭ˻ڣǹңָҶ㡣
ˡҶ϶ԷһȭǰȥȭħǰֱʹǹΪŭһ趯ǹűȭħֱȥʮλʥ伶ĸ֣߶ŸԵһҶ㡣
ǹ뱩ȭ͵һײ֮󣬱ѣȭħǰһȭ֮ϣʱ֧顣Ϊһػһ㣬ʱ³һѪ
ܣ㡭ôƾ
ţͼоԼֵȭħĽȴȭħһȭͻԼ̲ס³һѪ뺣棬ȭħȭͷѾ˲ʮȭϣѪԶҪˤ֮ʱȭħȴ˹ȥڰס
ȴѾ˹ȥ
ЩҶʥ伶ǿߣҶħ͵һԾצӰ֮䣬Ƭ̣ʮ˽ѪȾ󺣣뺣ס
ۼѪںɢһ߾ʬ£ЩѩӰɱʿ³ѩӰȴ˷ζ֮УҪʣµ˿ʱչԶȥȴùѩӰ
֮һƬѪɢϮҶᱦˣȴһ
ɻҶһ̾ħ˱ȭħߣȥԪΪϣħʱת˿Լ
ôƾ˵Ҷ㣬ĿǾ֡
㣬¦ȥˣҶ䣬ɱ⡣
Ҳ֪ȴԸҶ㽻
ҲǺÿ֮ˣȴһе֪һСҶ㵭˵ţִ̧տԨʯĿռ䣬ȡն굶
ն굶ǡ˿ն굶ʱ¶ɻ飬ƺɻΪҶһն굶ƣֲһĵ
ն굶ҶͷֻԶʤǰ˵ţһӵʱһֻĹɳֱ壬һԭҰ֮С
Ҷ㵥ְŴһΪһԼ壬һȴԭҰ֮С
˵Ĺסצ֮ĹȴԶǿסצϻѪۣĴС
֮ˣȴ֮˸Ϊ¡Ҷ㻺ڡǿһҳ¦Сˣȴȥɱ˰ԹֱҲûɡȴԸһʹ졣˵¦ȥ
ҡ˻צʹ࣬ȴ޷ܣڴ˵µõȷеϢ޳⺣浺ϣһڽѾļ֮¾ʹǰȥֻҵڴ˴̱
ȻҶ㻺ͷ˲˳飬عԼ壬һֻĹҲ˳ն굶С
˱֮֮ʱȴʧҶ˱ȭħ׹뺣УתС
Ҷħˮг·ֽǳ֮Сǻڵļ䱦嶼װտԨʯУųѩӰԼ͵洬ȥ
ȻʹħԼں漲һ˰װħ̫ҡʱҪԷ˷֡ҶѡԺǱС
֮һһԺ̽ͷһԾ˴ޱӭ˹еʣô
ɣ⴬ܷ񵽵⺣浺Ҷޱһͷתͷߡ
ǿɵˡҡͷ浺⺣֮УҪҲҪɳĴ󴬡
ǱͷɡҶһͷʱ߿߲ҵ󣬼æê·ʻȥ
һ¦µĴȴͣص˻ڵͬϢȴ֪ͬԶܻˡ
һ·޻Ҷֻսħ֮ԼѩӰϵˮɡͷѩӰڲб仯Σһ˰ҶȡһֻװٶöǮߣߴһɾõɴۡ
ӣ⡭һҲûôǮȴҪҪҶ㡣ҲԲֻۣξ
ŰɡҶ˵ЩǮ䲻ǸһʳǣҲ㹻ڱõأزپҵˡǽǳҲͻʡ֪йأɱ֮Ҫ˵ءڽƹ߳ǵûطȥ֮£ۣҲֻԽǮˡ
һ֣мǣԶ߸߷ɣ˵أɱ֮
˵̴꣬ޱѩӰ뿪һˡ
¡ߵһӣһģ̲סǮ
ߣߣߵϣеļҵҪˣ̾ߣǮ˵ڱüҲǸȢϱҲ㹻ˣ֮£Ҳٶκߣ
뿪ͷԴˣҲδڴ˴ֹ
֮غһУȴһҾԣˡ
Ҷޱ˳ͷУ߱߹۲ͷͣĴСֻ֮󣬱㷢һҺʵĴҶǰ봬Ҵ˸кʣҪ⺣ȥҪӶ𣿡
Ǹ˹ӡҡҡͷ⴬Ѿ˰ˡֻδ룬ԲҪڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ҳһٽ塣Ҷ˵
٣һ
һٽ壬ʵջĶ
ٽ壬ͬĻ̾ߡҶ˵
˹ϴɣҼҲʲôˡ
ֻǶһɡҶ
̾ߣͷҶ˴кŴêԼæΪҶ㰲źϢĵط֮󣬴󴬱ʻͷããȥ
ʱޱſʣǲ¦˶ˣ
Ϯҵ˶ѾˡҶһ˵һߴտԨʯռ䣬ó˱ʯݸޱ
ޱֽӣȴʱӦǿȴϸһ㷢֣ɾʯ
ǡҶͷΪǴ˵֮ȴ䵽ҵС


116 浺
˲õĶޱ˷˵ģǾ͵һƶʥذ
ԹˣƾãòСҶ˵Ϊ¶ĺģʹܽһ̽飬ȴ滹һǿ
ԣޱֹ̽
Сı𱻶ˡҶԱħ֮Ϊޱ
ʹˣޱҲǾú̹ǣֻ̽һ£ñһֵȴ޷ã֪ʲôá
Ҳһ֮ʱʹ˰ɡҶ˵
Ҳ¡ޱͷ
ʱȻҶԱħ֮ѹƣڻѾ纮Ҷֻýʯսħ֮ųڲŽָ
⣬ãã󺣣ֿʼڴ浺֮֮ʱҶѾ򴬼ҽȥǵطһɽĴ󵺣ʮǰйɽ緢ȻңԶȴ֪˵
һ·ȥֱ֮󣬲ԼԶ졣һ죬˵찶ߡʱѾͣ˴ССʮҴֻɼȻѾץʱ䣬ȴˡ
һҶ㽫һٽ彻˴ңȸһ룬ǻ֮ʱٸһ롣
⵹ҲǹӶĹأҲ顣
˵ֻľïܸߴ٣ݶ࣬һȻֻǿǷһȺȺУȴ£ȴ֪˴š
ҲѾҳһءޱ˵
ĹȥҶһͷޱһѩӰϣѩӰָΣϢ֮Уһ·ŵڶȥ
ʮ˱򶷺֮ĵѰȥֻһ˴ףһÿòɢڽɵԶǹڵϣһ˽ֵĵطȴ۶϶һƬյأʮ˷ֳɼսŴ򶷲ݣԪǿߣг伶ʿ
δޣԼȴȴޱмغһ
˵ϽƼ˵ܼүүҶȴһ
ǿ̫ˣޱһͷʱһҲͲΪˡֻǲ֪޵ںδȥЩ˰ɡ
ҲáҶһͷһѩӰѩӰԾתսսԱߡҶߵս롣
ļһһԪǿߣսʥ伶ʿҶ󲽶֪ǵѣһʥ伶ʿ󣬰ڳս̬ӭҶ㣬һ䱸
򶷡Ҷҡҡͷֻһ䡪ǿȷеϢ
ڵԼҲˣԪЦһ
ҲֻҴһҶͷޱһЦ
ڴʱԪȴΪ˻ᣬܻɱһԼһֵ뷨͵ط˹֮һȭҶ
ˣɡҶ㲢ͷһȭɨħʱߣջӳһצӰԪδӽҶ㣬㱻צӰӹӲУһ±ָ飬Ҳڲзѿʬˤһء
ۼһλԪ˲䱻ʬ˲ŵôסһʱսһƬž
߰ɡҶҲǣ첽߻ѩӰһԾϣѩӰڶȥ
һ·֮ϣ½սһˣޱҡͷ̾ϢЩҲǵģѾ޲֮Ʒƴɱ˳£ʱ޵ӰҲûԼȴɱǿЦ
ҲǱгԹʱڵϼһԲϾͶ˰ɡҶ˵
һ·ǰ·һս˱ƹȥսеһУȻλƾ֣ͬʱӦˣ֣ͣĿⶼͶߡ
ʲôˣһλʡҪ֮𣿡
ɣһλĸһһţʱһ䳤۵ֳжһ̳⽫֡
񣬵֮Ҫ־ҶˣڹҲǴ
λҪᣡҶһȭսħʱߣȭͷ˶ȥһ˵һޱǰһȭλᣬֻǾ˵ضѡ
һλƾЦˣһΪ޶˵ȴȫǶ֣
ⲻС𣿡һƾֶޱ΢΢Ծ֮࣬ȴЦû뵽¥Ҳһ֣־ڱصð
һλƾֶȫ䱸
ޱһüһҪֶԸǣ
Ȼλƾֿ˿ڣλɭͷԻƺ¥ټλ˲õƾֻȴûǵķˡǵȷһߣɭڣȽˣʹƺ¥һΪ
һֵͷޱȻвŮ֮ƣϾᣬСӸˣȴöԸɭϣ϶ָӣȴҪð죡
һƾֱֵӣٶһϻһ֮䣬л׺ף֮⣬ֳֻ泤޵ʱޱ˹ȥ
ǻ֮񡪡ײ
ǲǣȴǣȴҵġҶ䣬̤ǰһսħһֱʧڿУɲǼ䣬һֻצճ֣һѽǻץС
ԻԻ𣿡ƾһЦ⣡
ҡֽĸַϣ𳤽Ҷȥ
ޱ°ɣƾ֣ȴʹޱ˹ȥ
֪ս޿ɱܣʱҲȫֻ֡˾ͬλ֣һʱȴռϷ磬ȴ˹֮£ԽԽԶ
ҶභĶˣһһһһᣬ似Ƿʵ֮һɵ
ҶƾȴûлͬĸಫȻޱд裬дȴԶԶ޷ʵսȡʱһ˶սλƾĸ֣ȴʱо˼ѹ
ѹԽ󣬶ȴҲԽҶʱսħ֮˶ԿȴǴƣڶ˺Ϲ֮£սˣʱһãȴѾϰ˵սرô
ˣȴֻΪԼѾռϷ磬ɵЦ
СӣܴﵽƾҲǸ˲šײʿ΢΢ͷȿһ䣬漴һתֹУ㻹˵㣡
һ֮Уײ͵ؽ𣬻ǧӰҶȥΧľӰɨߣʱȼȴҶ֮·Ҳˡ
ȴδءҶЦĵȻսħ˫һȦٵû֮˿֯һ˱ǹǹӰ趯֮䣬Ҳǧ𾢣ӭŻӰȥȴĻӰ˸ɾ
ֶΣڣʿ䣬һϮ䳤񳤽ΪһǰĹâͻȻҶŴȥ
ΣҶЦһħͻȻߣ˫֮䣬ιʱһƥƵĽûС
似ʿһæˡ


117 ˼
ʿ˵ü죬ȴ죬ת۾׷ȥʿչǱĴ֮УʿòȫֵһʱȴС
һһ𣿡ײʿһ漴趯泤޳˹Сӣõǲɭĺʤֻ¸ߡǱ˽㣬ʡõʱ
泤ڻ֮Уһתǰ裬͵Ҷ
ǹҶһָսħ㽫ǹ͵˳ȥһ汬ըĺ֮Уһǹһͬھ޴ıըҲײʿκ󳷣
Ҷȴһδˣһָսħһ˱ǹζԿʿȥ
ͻȻ䣬һϮʿһ֮мæһ̧֣һɳӭǸ˱ǹײ˹ȥ
ٶȻûбǹ죬շɳԶͱУʱ뱬ǹһȻը顣ʿҲըҡΣһʱʧȥָӣʱû
ãʿһ˫۷죬͵ƴԾָǿȴҲԼ࣬³һѪ
ιһǿһ˵Ȼһʿˣ𵴣Ķȴв֮ס
СӣҪǿײʿų˹ֻ֮ӰϮ
ôһȥҲ𣿡ҶһЦ
þͺãʿȣӰ֣ͷҶ
Ҷ㵭ЦͻȻγն굶͵طϡսħһӣһֻħ֮צʱճ֣һ˺ĻӰҶӵײʿնȥ
ַףײҪЦҶ㣬ն굶һɾ̾ȻǰʯĵԣҪ
ֻʮӰԵзת۾ͲټҪѰңն굶Ѿն˹ȴòоԳ޵ֵʱʮֻĹȴԲͬķϮ
ǰն굶Ĺײʿһ֮УҧЩвĹֻȫֵն굶
ȴҶһȻУȫҶ㾹Ȼ΢΢һЦһԣʹ˸ա
ʮֻĹѾòһӱ޹ĹֻĹճɢ
ֻĹǳɹ֮УʱǿѾˣٱĹһȴһʱֿһ
һʱѾ㹻Ҷ㷢ˡ
һ磬նȥֱ˲ҲȻڴֻ֮ĹضɡһĨâȫܣܹ˾Ҫ
ŴȴһնһĿĵ˿ڡѪһʹŭشһȻͷҲصתӡ
һӣҶɼԸһˡһתն굶ַɳʮֻĹֱȥ
˵֪Ĺ鼱֮²һеر񳤽ӶһƬ֮Ȼδõ˶أûɰȥֻһ·ϣ˵Ѫȴ˼صˣܱ˳Ѫ
һ֮跨֮ͬʱλƾ֣սҶе⡣ʱ֪ԼΣһʱĴ·ȥ
ǴȴһƬǽ壬ȴûޱӰ΢һüһѩӰƬ̼䣬ѩӰԶзɱǰһԾϣȥޱ
ѩӰʱԶжȥһ·м䣬Ҷֻϴľ֪ƾǿ߽µĺۼ
ڱУѩӰȴͻȻͣһҶʱཫעŸӦǱȴ˹ϢɢɱƺԼͼı졣
ѣͷ¶βֻͽЦϡҶԡ
ֻ߿Ƿ㰡һЦȴҶϤƬ̺һŮӻ߳ҶĿг˳ɱ⡣
㣿Ҷ΢еȡ
ߣһɱĸƹᡣձˣӶȥʱȴڴ˵ء
ʱ಻ֻֻ߳һĸߴǱãһֲԸ׽ĸоʮߡͣ˿֮ʱҲǸ湫ӡ
һʮ꣬һӣݹŰ壬۾һ졣
ҶϸӦƾǿߡ
ƾ
˼ԼǷˡ
ҵʲôͷ۵ݹŰ˿Ҷ㣬һǸëͷСӶѡģһͰǿڶ
¬ϲɴ⡣ȴһ֣λʲףȻǳʵȴǼΪףлƺ¥ΪСӦΪ
ʲôޱǲݹŰĲΪȻƺ¥ʲôǸһɶѣȣ
ţҶһ
ϵĸ֣ȴޱ˵ڽԺգȴڻδֱǰ˪֮ϣ֮ƾʮˣ˵ǸʵǿޱȵĴɡ£ݹŰ߽ƾȻгˡ
Ҷ㣬һж⣡Ҷ㣬дżӳǵħצһԪӦȴұ¬ϣܴұűץ޵Ĵº㱨û뵽ȴˣҶ㣬ұҪΪɱ𣡡
ȷ֮ȴˡ֮ԵԪӦȥΪ׷ޡ
λǺˣҶĿݹŰߣʡ
ô˺ôȥѹ𣿡ݹŰЦʵ㣬¦Դ鷳Ҳ£вգų¬Ҳ
Ҷ㲻һЦ¬㣿ֺ˵Ԩ֮
¡һ֡Ҷ֮䲢Թ𣬵ұãȴ㡣ҽǰ浺Ϊޣ֮Ǿ֡ºһȴòһս
Ҷ㻺ˣԼо˴󲻼򵥡¬㿴һ֮򣬶ȴǳǸ֮ˡһսȴҪСġ
֣ϻˡῴҶ㣬޵ֱҧȥޱ˵ľɱǱ㲻ðˡ
Σ¬һһֻ̣ʲô𣿡
֣ȴͻȻ̤ǰһ׵˵־ͳ֡һ֣ɲǼ䣬һȫźɫƵľͻȻ֣ſһҶ
һ£ָȴСڿצҶץ
һʮ㣬ָ֮ƾʵȴǻ㡣Ҷ΢ЦһѩӰһԾ


118 һ
ֱֻ˵ϣʱںȻһзѿִĺҶ˹
Ȼûﵽ޼䣬Ҳ׷֡͵һԾŲһ֣еǹ͵ҶȥУʱǧǹӰ䣬Ҷ֡
ǹȴûʲôҶ㲢ţ̧֮䣬սħȫŻԾб֯һ˱ǹּǹӰǹĹȫơ
һôôࣿһԣԣôﵽƾ
ſҶЦһȻһȭȭħʱڷȭһżȥ
Ķµּ䣬ֱҶȥ
ҶҲ͵̧ŵһ̤ʱħԾУһŻɱ˪ݺ̤£𶯴֮ͷųײ֮ϣʱȫ顣
СãҪ񣡡¬ʱһǰʱһ׵ľǾ˫׽ǻͷȭһԻ֣ȴҲȭȭͣݡһ֣ʱȭҶȥкХ֮·Х
ҶʱѾУʱ˫һܣħغٱ۸񵲣ƺɽһȭס
޴ȴñħ𵴣ҡβֹ
ʱһǰкľһȭֱӴڱħĸ޴ħ֧飬Ǿȭһִ֮Ҷϣʱ÷˳ȥ
ˣ¬㲻ɹЦ
ҶˤԶѩӰ˫۷죬͵תȥǰ׷
ްҶȴվ³һѪˮظѩӰͷĿᣬ·עԼܵսѡѩӰ˵һߡƾǿɱ岻֡
ѩӰͷ¡
СӺʹ򰡣¬Ҷ㣬ɾһ
֣¬ϣǿɵСġµ˵Ҷָı·˼ܸشֻƬָܻ̾ȫֱ֣ӻɱ
ҪļҶ㣬Ҳеһ㵡
֮ǰԣҶȻǸţȴҲԪѣȫޱϣȡ˵ҪԸˣ˵ֱ̽ȡһס
ڷţᷢҶ㣬һĸȴо˲ԡ
˫ӴʱҶϸоһΣյϢ
˵ҶȻʵ΢ȴͬĸ֡һ֮ʱ϶һ㡣
֮ǰ˻ԪʱȻѾƾ֮󣬾ƳƾĳߣһѾΪ̵֡
ǵԵоԼҲûʤҶ㡣
ֻǳȥ񲻿ϧ
ǰߺľ֮Уȴûгֵ˼
ҽһ¡Ҷ㣬ԼѺõĸо
֣᲻һ
裬¡΢΢𣬡Ϊųϣһ֮£֮ϡҶӦɣǿǽһĳһɣгϵλԶʤһɵЩš
˵ЩǺ⣿Ҷʡ
ţħȴתħ󷨲޸һˡ
Ҷܴͣﵽƾʵ˵˻£ȴǰ;ǰķڤ͢¦һ˵ĳ͢ҶȻӵ˷ıǮ¡
ҶЦ
ȻǴˡ»ͷţǳǿͶ˼£ҶʵԿ̵õ֮λ񲻱ھеССҪǿǧ򱶣
ЦţȻ˵ɱȲó͢һͳԦһˣܳ͢Щǹȴڡ
㲻ͶţȴķͷҶЦʡ
ȴǽ볯͢һͬˡ˵֮͢ڵĹԱҶᣬŮȴŽһġнһΪʮλ϶ƽȣͬţȫ޶ģ˱˴˼Ҳû
Ҷ㾲ţ˴ȴЦ
Цʲô΢΢ü
㵱СҶ㿴˵ĵط볯͢ȣһЩ漰ķΧСһЩ࣬޲ͬ賤˻ⲻºƭԸĳЩ㿴˳۵ĳϰɣ
¿ͻȻЦҶʵᡭ
Цţ˵ţȴͻȻʱ֡к֮Ƶľ͵һԾŭͬţһȭͷ϶ºݺ£ȴ·𻯳޴ĺһҶײ
ͬʱȴֽһǰߣȡһͷĺͨڣ⣬ȴһԲԲĽϿͼסþˣ˾ϵסӿۻ
飬ɱ
´һǰһǺͬһ㣬ڿз裬Ҷȥ
Ҷӽ䱸ȴûбֲǾһԾ֮ʱѾ͵˫ƣħʱһбΣıʱ𣬵סǾ˫ȭӲؽײ˻ȥ
ʱǺȴҲ˹Ҷ㲢żֽն굶Ա˳͵ػӵź鼲նȥ
ײʱһ죬ֻڿһ٣Ҷȴɳ˫ֲУն굶һ֡
Ǿ޴ֱ֮Ӵ壬о˫۾ʹȴǱ۹Ѿѣؿڳƣˡ
ô
о̾ͬʱħ󷨿ٵԼʹ
¬Цų˹ûб湦ܣȴǿޱȣЩʿҲԼľӲӣȴ̫Դ󣬾ȻӺĹ
ȴںڡ
һȴûþȫֻôҲûϵҶ㾹Ȼд֮ԿȴӺڣԼΪβȫĻҶѾһˡ
ҶȴǳһǵһǣٲСκη֮ۼ¬߾޴Լһʱȴûָܻ΢һü֮䣬սħһԾ﷢Х֮ǰһ֣ɳǰɢ¬㡢ºͼȥ
Сģ۷ʱɳһ֣ʱɻߡͬʱһѽߣǺתݣһзжײ÷飬Ǳ
¬ɳֻʹȫǴͷľֵ֮⣬λ˳סһ


119 ħ֮
ɳȻǿ󣬵λƾǿ߹֮ͬ£Ǻܿͱˡ
Ҷһ֮ʹλԼͬǿͬʱȡƣȴҲ԰
֣ôǿ˺ȻȴƵòȡƣҶ㣬Щ
Ƿѡ¬ԺһⷨȻҲﵽƾСǣȴϼѡ
ɴ⡣ͳǵľóóѹסߣǰ
˵ţǰһָǺľһǰԭվ
ãʹǵĺ֮¬ЦһҶ㣬һ޾ŴǴۣ⼯Ͼ֮Եе似ȴʹܻԾ֮ɱЩ似жݶΪеСӬ
ϻ̫ˡ΢΢ü
ˣ¬һǰ
һָ䣬ǴŻͷľǰ˺ߣߴɵľһվһºʵǽһ㣬һɽͦĸо
ͻȻ䣬͵ǰһ̤˫ȭ߸߾һϢ˫ȭۣתۻһľ޴ͷ֮˫ȭ䣬͵Ҷȥ
ΪһƴҶһЦħ˲£һԾһԾ
ҡ΢΢һЦͻȻһָʱͻȻŵݺ£ƷѷɢΪҶȥ
Ҷ΢΢üħ̤֮У͵һȻתùԭԾ֮һȥ
ʱǾ޴ĻͷҲݺ˵ϣһʱ䣬汻ҵʯɣһԲɵľ޴ԲӣǷ׷ɵʯɢеҶħʧȥƽ⣬һˤһԡ
Ѿɶһ½Ҷħһסͬ
ʱҲǻжתҶ͵һ
նƣҶһȣһת֮佫ն굶Уħʱ֣ץסն굶һȫնơ󣬱ħӵתһŷŴȥ
ȣħһȣȴٶ۵úܣħһһ˷š
󣬷ȭҲϣʱҵ䡣
ӲţҲȥ
ն굶ȴǵڵϡ
ʯĽַ֮ʱߵȭҲѾ˹һ´ڸոҶϣ÷Զˤȥ
ǲûк֮Цˣ¬Ƿƭȫǵĺһˡ֮ǿܺһ¼ûе֣ʵյĲϹ֮һĶԵûһ𣬹ػá
ҶڿУֻоԼȫĹͷƺˣѪڵѸٵرĵħ󷨵ȴƺѾ޸޴Ĵˡ
Ҵˡ
ȫˣսһһԶһսʧ޲ԼԼԶԴ
սϵսಫⲻã
ˤ˵ϣֵˤ˼ºͣ¡оԼȫͷѾѿҲѪüΪѡ
οˡԶҶ㣬Цһ߲еϣȻǰȥڸǰߣҶ㻺ȥ
һдݵӡ
֣ü첽ǰȥҶ㡣ҪΪɱ𣡡
̤֣ǰȥһԾ䱳ϣԼǰƬ̼ͳԽ߻ĺߣǹҶȥ
Ҷ㣬ɣš

ҶŶԷǲϽӽǹ
Ҿ´磬¸׵ĳ𣬶ޱ
ҲҲǷħʹʥѡеһҪħ֮䶼֪񲢷ĴħҲа
Ҫħ֮Ƕ߳
ħͬ˽ʮ꣬ʱ㽫һðɣ
ǿԭҰ֮УҶĿᶨħ׺ħ֮硣
ҪģԼħ֮еõĺôӮˣôǰΣ־Ϳ𣬵ˣôȴĽٲ
ǿħħԽһ˵ʲô⵽׺ɣ
ƴˣ
ţֱسħ֮ڡ˲䣬ħʱΧоһֳص·ܽԼѹȳ࣬ɷ۵Լ̶ħ֮룬һƬƬħʱйһħ׺ţħĹâӽ
ħɲ
ͻȻ䣬ħ𣬾ȻҲһͷħ֮УҶǰޱħзջ
ħɲ
ͬһħ䣬ҶڲϵҪԼֵһУȫϡ
ֱһȭĵز
Ҫ
ջ֮УҶŬ˼ţħԿš
ǲҪġΣҲܻôھҪˣһоͶ˿ա
ǽҽڣתøʣҺθɣ
ħǾ֮ȻջΣ
ҿɱǰ֮һһá
ɣɣΪɱħΣΪһеħΣ
˫۽һֿµĹâ
ǡ
ţҵš
һұħͷˣһϡħʹĳƺ
ҽħ֮ҲȱӢ꣬ҷºܿħȴΪħƣô֮ǰʲô
ֻħʹӢ飬ҶᳰЦɣ
ֻʥҲҪΪԼķ꣬ߣԲŻѡ˰ɣ
Ҳܶ䣡
Ȼ䣬һĹâ
䣬ֻΪԼһصһУô¦֮죿
׵֮ˣֻҲẮģ
ҹڣΪĲҶ䣬ΪʹҿǿһҶ㱩һǺͬʱ˲ħ
ɣħ֮磡ţΪȴ΢֮·ҪԼͨһ֮·ҲңҲᣡ
Уһħڴһϡ
ʹ࣬ޱߵʹӣ˵ʹ֮£˲ȥ뷨
Ҳ
ҧͦš
ǿ߲ħңҶ㣬ؼԶǿߣ
ĺħ֮оþû䡣
ޱħըƤޱߵʹϷ𣬵ȴûһ
ʱħ֮еȴϢˡ
ħݺһְҶ㽫͵ԭҰϣһȴ˲ħ֮С
ʵеҶ壬ɲָ֮


120 ɱˣ
۾͸âĺһƬ塣
һеʹԲҶͦһ˷ɴ̶ǹ¶ǵЦݡ
սʤˣսʤħ
ħʤСкοɾ壡
Ȼ䣬ħݶסϵն굶һһת
ãȸоԣһ͵ؼӿ˽Ų
ȻѾˡ
Ҷǰӭǹϣָǰսħʱֱֳ֣ǹ̶ֱǹ֮ײһ𣬱һ졣
սħɿǰֵ֣סǹβ͵ǰһƣǹʱǹǰȥȻը֮У޴Ļ𾢳ֱըǧٿףҵĻ𾢲ڼϣʹļС
־ңš
ǽ¸е֣ҲеǰȫС
κΣٶħȴ̫࣬ǰħѾն굶Ѹٱ
Сĺ棡¿š
ˡ
ȼħѾһԾն굶ԼһӶն˼һƬѪĻĽȻֹڲе¡
ᣡµ۾ˣſ첽ǰ߷ӿ첽µľ⣬ٳλҶȥ
СӣʬΣ¬ţԷλҶȥ
ʱħѾҶǰҶһֽն굶˹һֻ̽뻳Уȡ˳
ʲôѵ̣
۾⣬ҶԲ̣ʱŲһ¬ȴΪȻֻǴżǰȭͷͷĻӰҶȥ
ұȫ㡣Ҷ㵭Цݵħȫ˱ܹһ
ּ䣬ն굶зʮֻĹڿҷ裬¬ȥһֻеȴʮ֮γһСڿб֯һڻĹ¬ȥ
ʲô¬һЩСϷԸϣʵڿЦ
Уλ첽ǰȭͷ𾢷ЩС
ײ֮䣬Сʱˣ¬⣬ɫͻȻ䡣
оһɹֵͨ񲻶ϴԼ壬ʼͼıԼڲϢĽṹɴʧɫʲô
һ߽Уһ̲סѹЩֵ
ϣҶһ̷֣ԾͷԽתԽ󣬶ʮСʱ£һٴӿ֮ǣ£ٵؼһγһɸߵ֮¡¡ŷѹȥ
ס¬š
ǰ˫ͬʱסǼԼͬߵ֮
µɫ仯ȻԥһоΣյϢ֪ԼǷӦǰ¬㡣
飬һƣһҧֽٴη˳ȥһöɫշ侹ȻѸٱ󣬻һŲСľ֮ݺײ
ڴʱʮֻĹȴѾϢ¬Χһ¬㷢˽¬֮£ָ¾ȭɨһ´ɢֻĹֻȴ֮С
ʱ¬㱻ĹԭҰʱܿ塣
Ҳܿ
ײ֮ϣȻ죬ֱӽ֮ƳһӣУ֮ȴ֮󽥽ͣڲٶ
¶԰֮ɫȻ߶
ʱ֮ͻȻˡ
һ֮Ѿӽά֣Ҷɴֱӽɢ֮ǣһööɢɵСҪ뵽¬ڡ
·𣬲һеش߶˵ĺ͵طԾ¬ײȥ
˵һУ¬㱻ײúɳȥѪڰʱ˱˹ȥȥķȴµķһץʱչ֣¬ڰץס
Ҷ㣬˳ձر·ŭ𣬽ŲȴԶȥת˾С
Ҷԭأδ׷ֻʱҲһѪڡ
巽һָʹƵУȴҲǿתħԼһ˺ʱȴòϢһˣȫްˣȴҲѾԶȥˡ
һо⣬ͷ˼Ѫȫʬ塣绨Ѿʧɫһ˫ԲţѾûȴ˿˿ڵ
ãã˺ұ޽֮ɣκȴǣߴţҾͬһ֮УڴˡҶ΢΢̾ϢǣԹ½ֹݡ
̾ϢУһ̧֣ȭħȻ֣ȭ棬һһ֣ȭħʬСĵرǿУٸ
ħצ趯֮䣬׽һһĹҶָǿħϿ¡ƹȹ֮ĹڤҶֺ󣬽Ĺڷǰ΢΢һ
նԹ֮ɶգ֮޹ϵ˵գתѩӰʱѩӰɱҶС
ڴʱһҶ磡
ţޱӰԶĻһλˣݣſǷˡ
үүҶʱϳɭɴϲæѩӰɱȥȴѩӰٶȸʤԼ
СӣСӰɭɱޱһҶǰһѽҶ§뻳УЦû뵽ô̵ʱ䲻һëͷСӳɳΪƾǿߣ벻벻
Ҷ㱻§ôæѣЦүүؾһˡ
ɭصͷ˿ޱЦû뵽ޱһԵ㣬ֻɵѾͷһҲûˡҲã⸣Уȴߵһ𣬳ɾСڡ
ޱɫ죬ɭһۣүү˵ʲôأ
ɭǺǴЦȴظҶһȭСӣ˵иƯŮҪ㲻Ҫȴ˼͵͵˽ӦǾ仰Ĳ͵㰡
үүޱ
ոһսɭǺһЦȴת˻⡣
һ·ƾǿߣתͷѰޱҶ˵ȴ˸ƹȹᡣ£һλ¬ɱңȴɱ
ɭʱҲ˼ķĹһսλƾǿߣȻɱһˣˣ
˿𡣡Ҷ˵¬Щ¾ȥӵ㷨˳֣ڿҲԻָ
üһɭɴ۾Ҷ㣬ɸ̾һոսƾСӣսλͬǿ֮Χ֮ʲȫˣܻɱһˣشһˣֱˣſɲǣǣҪСġ
ûѹҲûгɳĶҶһЦ˵Ҳյúܣһټˡ
û°ɣޱңҶվԼǰ⻰ǲɽ


121 
գҲգȴٶͻơҶһЦ
ʲôޱһͻˣѲǴﵽ˳
Ҷҡͷͻָľϵġ
ˡɭͷͬʵʤľΪȹߡȻûľ仯ȴΪ죬ȴǿɼĺ°ˣҲ޷ɱһˣشһ˰ɡ
ǡҶͷ˵Щˡүү޵ȷϢʵ˵ڶԽԽȤΪܾڤڤƺһߣǣһҲʶ״绹ᡭ
ޱ΢΢һЦޱɫһ죬Ҳ΢Ц
ɭһˣɵشЦʵ˵ϢȴǱȶ޻Ҫ˷ܡ㰡ãҲûá
佱佱Ҳ׷Ҷ˵
Ѿ޵ϢˡɭЦһָ˵޵˵룬һѾչᣬҵõϢҲ̸ϸ;ޱѾͷų֣һѰ㡣
ôǱ㲻ҪٵˡҶһͷҲϸɡ˳ѩӰѩӰúޱүү
˵һԾħʱ¡һȥٵǰȥȴǲɭĻᡣ
СӣɭЦͷޱһѩӰϣ׷Ҷȥ
ѩӰܿ׷Ҷ㣬ҶУĿƺ˵뵽ҵıɣ
ޱȴ˼Ҷ֣Ҷ磬ôˡѩӰ˼ҲҲûġ
ҲáҶһͷħڣ䵽ѩӰϣͬѩӰǰȥ
һ·֮ϣԽԽ٣ŵȥǵõȷеϢ׼ȥޡ
ѩӰҶ⣬ʱٷɱȴǳһһˣ˵ľÿٶȣǣ
ޱɵػͷЩƴ׷ϣȴձں󷽵ˡ
ѩӰأ˵
˱֮£֮˱Ѿ˵롣
ڵ룬һ޴ޱȵĻɽɽвӿɢķ޴ʹ޶ֲïܡҲɽв緢ָ⵺в
ҶǻɽŽɻɽ̶ɵġݲļʵ棬Զδϴïɭ֣жħȴ
⵺ϵ˵ɽħ˵ÿÿ緢ʹԼ֮Ͼ˵ħ޴ȴ˺ʹԶܺĥֲļ١
ħ񡭡һԶȴ
ĺֶ֮һ˿һƬ
ţĿ㱻ǻɽ֮µս
սκ˿˶һʱ䱻סĿģһӵս
һɫľޣ࣬ȫɫƬͷһǣͷҲԼ͸࣬һβѾβǰһצȴǰ
ʱ͸ŭ֮ɫ趯භֵĽһˣһɫڲͬòãȴ¦
ʱݺԽһλȫŽ׵ֳһµӶ֮ݺâĿ档
¦
ҶĿ¦ϣء
¦ߵδȴҲеλߵһλ񣬴˵רΪ۹һǿ
Ȼ¦ޱҲһ
ϵˣɭʡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ˱Ƿڤ¦
ӣɭ¦ֻ˵̫ӺġƾʲôʱҲƾֵܵط뽭ޣ
ʱҶĿתһս
һߵĳۿͣλƾǿ߽ս־ΪԷָʹ似ƺˣΧסַʱִսʱһô֣߿ȴΣյʱˣٽǵ֮Ʊ߽⣬ȴʼձ൱ľ档
Ҷȴ¶˾㵵
ȻոһжһսдȫʤмҶȴᡣһ̺ն굶ҲҴȡʤ֮ġ
ȫֶԵм򵥣Ⱥ֮䣬ֻȴѡ߿ʹʱභȻȴоգһ۾ͿԿδʹɱУȴ
һȻʵʵ˾̾
һɭ߿ͣüͷ
ţ
ʱʮλʿٵ߶۵ɭߣȴȫĲ£λԪĸ֣ʵסɭһͷһָҶ㣺λҶӣޱδķ
үãЩʱȭ֡
ޱˣɫȴһ죺˭˵ҪھôҽС
λǴ˶ãҶһ֣ȴսϵ¡
ʱšһ˻Ӧ˶ǴɵţȴǵĲ¡Χɵĺڰ￴ţֻǴҶɵ߿ͣǰ
Ƕ֮ġһ˵ǣǴ˾Ųʮ֮ʱѡ
룬ʱ㶼̡Ҷ㻺˵
ɭͷ˶Ҫֳʤ֣ʱȻҳһš
£һѯʡ
⽩֣Ҷ㻺˵
ʱȴһ𣬳β͵¦ȥβûǧȴ˿ĸĸǼ١
¦ɫ粻žǧβӰȴţ񽫽µһͦվﲻһλȴ¦߳֡
һҫ۵ĳۣͷŽڣһҲֳ˵Ľɫһ֣㻺̧֮ô˼£бʱһķ籩Ƿ籩˲ͽǧβ֮ӰУʵ÷顣
ȴǷжۡ¦չֳķҲķҲ޵ƾ
ֶΣֻϧǿߣȴһŵǿ֮ģʱ޾ȻڷһǺģ֮⣬ȴһ
ʱβ͵һ˦βһ˿βӰȴΪǿᣬֱӽǽɫķ籩ɢ
࣬ǵĽ֮ҲΪӢۺúɣһ¦ƽʱζԶ룬Ŀɨƺֵأʡȴ䣬ֻ˫ƴܾˣ֮Ǳɣ
˵Щȴô¦˵С֪֮ģģ㲢ЩС֮ģΪС
Щ࣬һԾԳƣ֮ȴǾӣϡ֮ͬ䣬һ飬ΪȴҪΪһ֮ҪأֻҰޱҲˣΪͳԦǣɡӵһǻۣͬ飬֮£ȴǶǿ֮Ϊ
⻰ǲҶڶȴ΢΢ͷ
㣬Ǻ⣿ɭһ
ǻۣǲ޲ͬҶ˵һΪԼɱȡ䱦ǱǿɱԽһ㡣
⺢ӡɭҶ㣬ȴҡͷЦ
ڽҶ㣬ҶȴѾǰȥת۳ֵأ˻ɽǰս֮ϡ
Ҷ㣿¦Ŀ磬ʱλУһ䡣
ûϵҲδΪȴ˰ɣҶ㵭Ц
޲ҧҧ


122 籮
Ҫˣ
Ҷĳ֣ΧŵǸо˲Ǳڰ֮ʱվ˳淢仯
ҶһޱҲٲԥʱ˳ȥ
޵ҧøҲ˱仯µġˡ뵽ⳡսУҪ¦Լˡ
˳ˣ

˲վսϣɭҡͷ̾˿λҲɡ
¥˼ǣһλʡ
ѾˡɭҶޱһЦδǵġƺ¥δɡ
ˣ˶ɵӣʱͷ
ߣɭһ֣ڶվҶߡ
ƺ¥ˣ
ʱü
Ҫʲô
Ҫˮ밡һ룬޴սˣҪֲˡ
ɭϼһڳ֣˰աȴٵˣֻʱѹˣߣ
ţҲȥɣ
һʱ䣬𣬽ţĳٰ಻ס˳ţһһҲ½˳սȫΧ
ڴˡ¦ĿɨˣһЦҶ㡣ҶҵҪл㡣˵ʲôҪ֮Ļȴʵ
¦١ޱգҪʹ¦ȴڴʱͻȻһɢȻ˶оԴһȻָʱȴѾ˷ŵȥ
ˣȻָƾʱ𣬷׷Ԫʿȴһʿָø
һʱ䣬׷ĶϳƾԶԪں棬ƴ׷ϣֻ׷ڶеλã֪ʵһݶӡ
Ҷޱ֣ѩӰϼ׷ȥȴɭ˺档
Ӳĵģ¦½⸡ٶʮ־ˣ׷ޣʱֽ£һһִ
Ǹ߿ͽ󣬵޽󣬱һԣŸס
֮һԽԽ࣬߿һȴ޷סˡڴʱͻȻһԾ𣬻֮֮дһ֮šһʱ¶һСС磬λԪʿǧżʿɱе¦޵ս֮⡣
ʲôҶ㲻Ȼ
ʲô˲õķޱ˵տԨʯֻǱտԨʯ˲ãȴװ顣
ķֻһЯǧ£֮ʱųʱɱκǿһֲҶ㻺ͷս֮УؿЧȻӵôףķ¦ȴԽԽҸȤˡ
ô죿ޱʡ
ȥ޶ԸҶһѩӰҪǰ
ʱһХţʮӰͬһԱߵг¦޵ĽǰһȺ˾Ԫʿͷƾĸ֡üĿòãŵɫߵĳֱ¦
Ӻ֣û뵽ƽʱɽ¶ˮȴԭز¶֡
ʡ
־𣿡Ҷ㿴ˣʱӿһ˿ɱ֮⡣
ˣǵҶͥɱҶֵܵ־Ͷ¦֮ʱƺԪʱȴӿƾֵϢҾ缫ṇ̀Ȼһеĸ֡
ϵޱʡ
Ͷҳ¦Ϊ߹ҵҲ뺦ҺҴ磬ҵĴˡҶ˵
ҾͰɱޱ־ĿУҲһ˿
ʱɭҲ׷־һˣһüƺԽԽˡ
־𣿡¦־һһЦû뵽ֻĳ͢ϵ£˽ڽ֮Ҳô⡣ҲҪޣ£Ҫʲô𣿡
үҪλΪҷڤƣȴΪ˽ġ־Ŀ䣬ݣתޣȻһ񣺡ҶȥפҷڤԹʿ֮Ϊᣬҷڤµһǿ֮ͼڣԳƣһңӦٹ衣
˵꣬תһˣڤ񶼸£ҷɱҪڤ͢ΪУ̣֮
ȥ̵İɣ˴𣬡˭֣˭ģ
ǳ͢˶࣬ҲǷֳɣǲǣһ֣˭ޣ˭ģ
УһӦһǰɱ
־һü֮䣬ԼһʱȡӴ죬֮󣬱ǧʿķ۶ս֮С
ȡ־ͷޣҶһѩӰޱǰȥǰʿͣ޲ǿˡ
־ʱȴδֻ֣վ¦޶š
Ȼ˵һȴԲţĿԳ˵⡣ʱҶɱǰȴ־ע⡣Ҷ㣬Ŀⲻһ
Ҷ㣿ôҲﵽƾ־Ҷ㣬Ȼɱⶸ
Щ࣬ΪĲڵһ𣿡ڴʱͻȻһȻȴûǰһ°֧Ӹ߸𣬷·Ҫɳȥһ㡣
ãҪܲųɣҽձ㽫籮ǣҿ˭ܵõɣ޴ţ͵һſڽһڵĶ˳֮ռɣŶȥ
ڽ³֮ΧȻʧˡ
籮
һƬ˶ֹͣסǼ򶫷ʵıһȻ֪ʳ˲õıʹѪѣȴ֪ʲôʱˣɶޱȡ
׷־ʱҶ֮£Ŷ㼲ȥ¦ǿҲҶһۣ̤Ž򶫶ȥ
еʿͣ糱ˮһŶӿȥ
û뵽µıﾹȻ籮ɭɾһ
ҶҲж˵˱Ϲ֮ʱһλʥ죬֮ͳķΪкιЧѾɲ飬֪Էռ֮ʹá
Ȼ˲õıһ㣬ȴӹɡһ³Ǵ˶Ȼ
֮£޵ȻҲ󣬵ȴԶ˱Ȼ֪˶Χ֮£ԼܣŲò׳ʿر
׷𣿡ޱ糱ȥȺҶ㡣ֱΪǾޣѾˣǷҪ𱦣
Ȼ±Ծȣ籮֮ʵߵ֮ȴҶԶҲһõɱ־ĻᣬҲʧ
Ұ㡣ޱͷ
ʱҶĿȴתһߵӡ


123 ˪ĳ
ҶǱȥʱзɱȻܳԶ󷽾˷Ծ͵һȭ˺Ļȥ˼æת߳һͷ޻ԼһȴжԷ÷˳ȥˤڵϡ
ڵŷʱַɱˣ֮ǰһƽ˶ʮͣŻһͲǷ֮Ҷߣһ˳ɭһ֣ԭǻƺ¥¥ôȥᱦȴ￴ǵ֣
ɭˣǺһЦҵ˭ԭ˪λϣˡ˵ţ౧ȭ֡
Ҷ㣿˴ʱתͷҶɾһʱ¶ϲɫ
̳ϣҶǰ˷ס
ˣȴ˪ĳϣүү䡣ʱһۣȫǲˣǴѪ߰ߣ˲ᣬǱ
û뵽ȴڴ㡣伤쳣סҶ֡
Ҷ죬λɫѿͣ½Ųվﲻֻ䶢Ҷ㡣
Ƭ̺ʮгһɫԪĸ֣ͳһ䲻һλȻ˵Ĳ¡
¥λǣλУɭкʡ
ҵŮҶ㡣ɭЦŽܡ㣬һ£λ˪ĳϣλǶ϶λϻλĳ
ǶɭʺߣǻǷŻɭߡ
Ҷӣɺã俴Ҷ㣬ûʱȣ
ܺáҶ㻺ͷĲѾȫˡ
ģʱץסҶ֣һʱձˣܵõϢҲҺЦȪҶӣյϣϷչ˺
¥ɨҶһۣȻδ̫תɭ˪ڵ£ǻƺ¥ǲҪֵĺãȻɾͻ˽ء
λɭһЦĴ˪ôɱˣʹģ
ɭҪɫһϿȥ޵ıɣȥһ۶ˡ
ô£Ҷһ䡣
䲻˪ͷѳĲ֣Ĵÿ˿һ֡ҧ˵ǸȨҲˣû뵽һͶ¦³˳͢ӥȮҲԸһ𵱱צżŭǡ˴׷ޣǱûңҵ˼С
¦֮Ҷ㲻һüЧʹʦԭ̳
䳤̾һ
֪˴£һġҶ֮̾
֡ʱԣԶ˵ҶԨԴֻ»ƺ¥ͷ
ΣЦƺ¥ʲôԣǱԴ˾ڽˣ
ʱ½½н˱վסЩ˷װͳһϴѪжʮλʥ伶ʿߣǳ伶
ЩһƸʢƺ¥ȴü
¥ɭٴαȭΪ񡣡ĹأǾˮˮο˪֮£ǸԤǱ˪ǽΪˡǴвر֮⣬֮ͷѣȴƺ¥޳ͻ롭
ԭ̳λɱҶĻһü
ҡǰһ͸ɭȻɱСӣΣ
缫ʱңʵҲæѾֵܡҶ㻺˵̳ʦҲҵˡȻɱôұɱΪɡ
˵֮䣬Ѿħ˲£缲һ͵һڶ𣬼ǰ
ħ֮ʣҶѾһ̧սħƾճ֣˫жԻ˿֯ǹŶֱȥ
ħ֮٣̾ȴʤǹȴһǰҶγն굶һֱȡʮӰΪʮֻĹȴֱϮ˶ˡ
һ֣ͬʱˣȴ벻ٶ֮죬Ҳ˴һ
ȻۼҶǰֻĹһ˱ǹв£ȴҳָֻܸĹֵǹ
ˣȻһһȴֻܶҶĹ
ôӣ۾һɣ͵Ծһ׶񣬴һӼף˫ƺʵȭ֣ȴһϵΪѵһ֣һȭӭն굶ȥ
ȭ뵶ײһ죬Ҷȴûƴǽһȭ֮һѹħֱŻȥſڱҧڿУԻȡ˳һ֮䣬ʮСŶȥ
ʱոָӸԵԼıǹڳЩС˹һӴ˸оֻÿ˿ܣԼԸС
ˣֻܶһҶ㡣
Ҳ׺ۼħҲܣһֳһһֽħĲӿסѵһȭħͷϣͷ÷顣
̤
ʱڿеҶһ̤£ħʱֿУһֻ˪ݺݳŻ
ţٴγλ֮ǰλһӲǽ̤ѵ𣬻ȭſеҶȥ
һ֣ʵǵʯһ㣬ֱʱ˷ӦɭޱڵзһһҼĬطֱ˶ƺ¥ˣɱ˪һڸ֡
⣬ڻƺ¥һ˵ȴǼΪҶڿнһӣʮ̽Իз˪֮УЩʱΧǿæһʱȴδƣһʱԻƺ¥γѹơ
ʱѵȭͷѾ򵽣Ҷȴţ˫֮䣬ħбΣʱı˪֮ڿӿѵûУҶ㰲Ȼ£ȻУһؿ̶ֱȥ
УʮӰϢطɳΧǷ˷תС¡
֮ǰҶҲйһľʱ̫д⣬ȴЩɥǴεĽѵսȴҲٲͬ
ѾסȻ֣ҪȫԸܶԵдκ֮ġɱ˻ɱֻһ֮䣬ಫ֮ôӦȫ֣ٶȡ似ֱӻɱ
һ㣬ʵȻûȴøѶԸ
һ㣬ʵᡣʱҶƵü裬޲һҶˣȴǳ鲻ֵֻܵ
òȥӶΪԼȡֵĿռ䡣ҶȴӰһҪʹѵֻȫ
λҲջڡ
Ϊκ˶ҶһԷĶáһ˵ָӵԽ࣬ԽʱȻȫԼ൱ǿߣκʿֻԼǿ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷ㽫ն굶һ˻ȭǰȥ
ǰһûᣡ


124 籮
˲ȫѵǰһ̤Ų𶯴أʹΧĵ涼֮ҡҶҲ֮һΡ
ʱѵȭͷѾŻ֮Ż£ȭ֮ʱ澹Ȼ翪ѡ
ɣ͸˷ܵĹ⡣
ͬʱҲ̲סɻ󡪡ҶΪʲôҪУ
ʱֻĹͻȻ˷֣Ż԰ΧʽĴֱ
ʣһλ֣ԻȭȣĹһֻֻơһɢٲȫҶϣȴҶỽȭħ
ȭʱӭѵȭͷȥ֮ȭѵ֮ȭȴʱ߽⣬·Ǳ޷ټ̵ľʯһ
ҲڴʱħӰͻȻڿУſһ½ն굶ĵҧס͵˫ڿһţһ
һĨĵ⣬˲ӹ˻Ĳλǿ͸ޱߵľ֣Ųȥͣס󣬾ֵҶ㡣
΢΢ſڣ·˵Щʲôδ˵ڡߵٵʧȥˤڵʱһͷ­һѪͣںԶ
̳Ҷ㻺վֱӣ̧ͷ죬ֶ񡣡ĳˡ飬ɰϢˡ
˵꣬Ŵһ
ޱס۾죬Ұް
ǿĸߴΪ޹ֳһ޹֮·Զźĵľˣ档ʱѾȫʹޱѹס㺮Ůͽӵ似뷨޹סҪʹòٷֳλԸڷĶ֮£ռ·硣
ʱһɱýϲµĲŮޱϲҶСӣǿ˼飬Ȼͻɱ˻
ƾǿԭ൱ʱ˪ʧһˣ˳֮£ȻڳԴѾоޱѹʱǲս
ҪģҶĿͶ
֮ǰҶȴͻȻǰһһšʱսħӰߣһֱ̧ųǿµɳ޴ʱһڼսһС
ƺ¥šҶغԼλҶشɳ֮Уз׷ɵ磬ƺ¥Ȼ㵿־壬ԭز
Щбͬһ㣬Զܿ˻ƺ¥ˣȴ˪һǿǾȥʱЩȼ΢˪ˣڲҽ֮бʬЩǿֵţƾŸоѰ·ɱȥ
ɭ˳𲻹죬˪ˣɭƴɱĶһͻȻһ̧֣һԲɵķʱɭײȥ
ǷһɳʱֿһԵеԲնɭؿڣһԵݵ߷ɶԲλòɭһʱɭֻȫֵܽ
ҲδûɭͻȻתȥһλ󣬴һƣʱͳԶأһֵϣһƣԶԶͳ
Ƭ֮䣬Ȼ㱻ԶԲ֣Ҳʱƿնȥ׷Զݡ
֣ۼߣɺۣƴ뽫ޱˣԼҲÿ룬ޱ֪˼ȴżֻס
ǴˣǵùˡҶ˲䣬һȵı˪ӿֵشţȫתֿҶȴѾ̤Ǳ˪֮ˣֳն굶ɱһնȥ
ͬʱҲȥ
㺮ŮƮ裬һĺĴȥ
Ҳģһ𣬻񣬵Ҷն굶ȴջǱ㺮ŮƮ̴˺ġӿıǰһˣŹ㺮ŮƮ룬Ȼѣһء
˪һУЩԪĸȫͻɳ׷Ŷɱȥʥ伶ҲͻƶǱߡ
벻ɭŷҵսҡͷһ̾һغ˪֮һѩ׳ϻб֮ͼֱֳⳤǹȴһϵмǿ
ʱǹʧڡóϲĿҶ㡣
˪ɲ֮ˣ˰ˣ׽Ķ̾
ҶޱһЦڵϴϢߣסļħ֮ԴԴϵشڣٵҽĴˡƬ֮䳤һҶӺֶΣ
Ҷ㻺̧֣Ȼȴ޷ָ̳ϻҪϢǣҪٶˡ
߲պҧ˵ͻȻ˺һҲһС˱ǿۺϷ֣ҵķ棬պѰ㸴𣬿һ󺦡ҵ˼Ӧ׷ȥɱҾһѣϣᵽԼ£ҲһĻر
áҶһͷͶ¦£У֮ܽȥҲ¦ʵޱүүǱȲ־ˣ׷
ã˶һͷʱҪҶһ׷ɱһС
ʱԶȴͻȻһҵţһӴӰǲͻȻڵϾҵشϢţɴ۾ˣǷŭ벻֮ɫ
ޣޱɾһ
ɶ೤İޣȴǷͻȻʧ˵ޣ
ԭʹʲôߣֻĳ۷ԭأɭҲһ
ʱҲҲ޴Ϣţ˵г˵⡣û뵽ǧ㣬ȴû쾹ȻΪҲһ٣
㲻Ҫ¡Ҷ㻺ǰǡ
ҪԼͱһ֣ѾǾ֮ȴҸĻᡣ
ţҷ³籮ǸƷβģţȻ͵زſԶ³һ֮ʱ෴ķ߶ȥٶ֮죬Ƶ磬ȻѾþ
ô죿ޱڿԶȥĺɫ壬Ҷ㡣
ȥ׷ǱҶ˵һѩӰ֮ѩӰʱԾ
үүޱȥҶ˵ţħ֣ȥķ򼲱ȥ
ѩӰɭޱ
벻ƺ¥һλȻָ˷׷ȥһһǱү籮ôȴ˵ܵõ籮ˣ
ǽү˰ɣһ˵
˵һƺ¥ү֮ʢһ͸ɡ
һ˶оϲǸ򼲱ȥ


125 ǿ
һ·תԽ˰ߣޱߴ󺣣Ҷ΢΢üħȴʱһĸӦҶ֮У·𿴵һζ·ߡ
·ӹУһֱ쵽֮ϣȴʹ˶Ͼ
ҶٲԥħһԾ뺣ζ·߶ϾȥѩӰɭޱһ뺣У֮Ǳ˺ףһں׵ĺɫʯ
Ҷһץȭħߣȥʯ̧Ҷһźȥ
ˮ֮Ҷħں֮ϣűȭħʯʯһɣȴԶ޽³֮ʱȻڷڵĹбࡣ
ʯʽӣʯ֮һʵķλϿƣǱһĹ֣ȻճеĹһ޶Ҷ䣬һԭҰħ֮Уħ׷󻯳ҶϤķڤ֡
籮ķԦա
֣պñˮɭޱ
ϰϸɡɭܣ衣
˺ܿ˰ߣȭħҪʯ£ɭȴҶһ֣ƸӣбȽϺáһͻȻɱҲڱͻȻߡ
үүȫҶһͷ
㿴ö֣ɭʡ
ǡҶͷӦϹ֣Ҳ֪ΪΣһ֮⡣
ţɭ֮̾ȴסʯҿ̽ϣУ΢΢ü
Ȼϲδ籮÷ⶫֶԱñĥġ˵Ҹо籮ȴƺûʲô˲õֻƮ죬ƺʲô׽͸
ԡޱҲʯƬ̺ҡҡͷʲôҲԲֻǸоƺء
أҶһޱʱŽִħֻħǱУݺڣȴռı߽磬ԼоƺһУ벶׽ȴ׽
ȴտԨʯЩơ
Ҷţ̲סóտԨʯտԨʯħִ籮ħħݺȽ֮£Ȼ֮ԽȽϾԽƺͬһԴ
ʱͻտԨʯ籮ȫҶħһ󣬿ٵر뵽ҶԭҰеħ֮ڡǣﾭħ׵Ĵٵںһȫڳһ֮´뵽ڣ籮ʱת֮侹ȻԽԽСͶ뵽տԨʯ֮С
˿ȴҶ㽫籮տԨʯڡ
ֻҶ㱾֪һȴ籮ȫտԨʯڣտԨʯһ֡еޱȣԼЩԡ
ɭޱ˵£һЦȴ
Ϊɱˣһѩǰܣ˾ңȻ˳㻹ܵõһ˲õıڶϰ
Ц֮УһӰͻȻ԰ˮмԾԾɲˮһˮĶѨѨһˮͳϵˮմ뷢䣬·ˮ
ԼʮһƤãֱƤﻤףһͷϸµСӣһԪӦˡ
ҶĿһޱѿھڶҰۣ
漴ҡҡͷǣڶҰƤϸ壬ȴǴֺڵģҲڶҰ۸Ϊ׳ѵǡ
Ϸڶ׵ܵܣڶçۣ˫Բŭ
ԪӦڶϣɭüͷ
ڶçۣڶҰΪɱȴ޹ءޱڶçۣȴȫ͸ʵǳԴʱԼľûɵظе־壬Щ
ֳȴΪǣŻڶçߣҶ㣬ӶȴŦϣʹ˳ûٵıǮȴ̲ڶϵĲݵسС֮ʹڶϼ壡ͻ˼޴ﵽ˳ֻ֮ڶѾˣ

вɶһ
ʲôû˱ڶҰ۶ֵҶޱˡǸ޿֮ƥеĳǿߡ
ֳİ֮£Ѿ˼֮šڶç۶ݺݵ˵ֳָͻƼޣڶһ¾λǿߣɳΪԪӦǿ壬ȴ˽վ棡Ҷ㣬Щӣ
ţҲԶԪӦΪᵽ޵׳ڶ۷磬Щڤְ֮ʣȴҷ㡣֮ʣ㱨ôȴ뾹Ȼײ㽫Сɱ㣬տԨʯ籮һеӮң
ɿЦ
ڶçۣҪ̫⡣Ҷ䣬ǳҸӦУȴԶԶڶҰۡող볬֮绹δȹ̱ǰᱦɼڶȷʵѾߵĩ·ĩ·ͽкοɾ壿
֣ն굶ȻУʮֻĹڵǻ
һֻץס̣֮ڿУ̶֮˫Ỻתһ㡣
̣ڶç۾죬ǱڶϵĴȴ䵽УҶ㣬մ˶ڶӢѪҪ㽫Ѫͳͳػң
һ֮У̤ǰһ֣ϵһֻӱһˮ֮⣬Ĵ֮Уʱһˮڿ߰תҶݺ
ˮɭüͺһƾʹ֮ˮںǲٳ
˵ţһ֣ʱһλ볤ĿºͣȫȴǷһϵеһλΪϻ
һǰƳһʱǵص˲佫ΧһоУ˶޷ԼһС
ɭ΢һʱѸٵطӵҶߣһ½ҶҲУٽޱһˣŵȥ
ܵȴۻҶ㡢ɭޱ֮ΣĿ٣һˮˮջҶ㣬ʱɢ
ɭޱǰɱ֮ͬеڶçɱȥ
зŵڿˡڶçߣַƭңɭΪǺͬССƾʿ𣿡
һӣһλףˮ֮۵ߣȴǲߡ
ޱֻһ֣һˮа𣬽Χһ֮УƬ̼ͱ˸ɾڶçĿԶһʱˮǰȥٶȷɿ졣
ɭһŮҶɿڶȥ;֮Уȴһڲ¡ʱ׷˶һʱͣ
ܵ𣿡һȣڶçȴѾ̤˶


126 ɽ
ɣڶç۴ţߴһڣһˮݺ˲佫һ˰Χˮӿ֮䣬һΣݺݵسɭϣʱײɢ
ʱΡ
ô£ܵڶç۵Ϣ䲻һƺ¥Ȼ֪˸Уޣȴ֪ǵµĵˡ
ƴˣɭһüһ
δȣδػܸҶĿ磬̧֮䣬֮ӿ̲ϱһ޴֮
ɱޱһӭڶç۶ȥֱ̧֣Ϊޱӳ˽ʹȫ⻯һˣɢ̫
ţ㺮Ů֣еƮ֮䣬֯һ޴¹⻨䣬ڶçȥ
ڶçЦߴſôֱֱն¹⻨䣬뻨ײɲǣ⻪Ľͬ±飬һʱӰңһ仨ɢķ
ߵֱȴҲҵһڶçв͸⡣
ȻǾδȣɭȳ֣ǧǹ
һѩ׳޷еı֮ǹǰʹ̶˪ѩ֮裬ǵصĺ֮ǹڶç۴ȥ
ССѩʲôڶç۱һһȭشˮΧϣ˲仯˷籩ҲƵתˮһǴޱ߱˪ĳǹײһƺУɭȻĺˣλζɢ
ʱҶˡ
֮ѾΣֳƶ֮£ǰȥӭŲѹ
ڶԼĶ˵Լ𣿡ڶçۿ֮۾ʱڶĽѡһǰ˫һһץ߱չ˫ۣ˲һ࣬һ½֮ס֮䣬֮ҶۼҪձ
ڶҰ۲̫ࡣҶ㵭ȻһЦն굶ȻӳʮֻĹȥ˲ȫȫԿ֮ڶçڣڶç۵΢΢仯ƺǱĹס
Σ
Ҷ˫ƣħһӾʱڶçײȥ
ЩССʲôڶçȴ˲ָҧҧ͵طһȣ֮ʱƣ˫ӣһˮȼδñм衣
ڶçҲоųƣɷһƺߡ
Ҷ㲢û©һһл̡ᷭʱ𣬱ħһźݺ̤
̤
˪ɾ㣬ڶç۵ͷݺݵ̤ȥ
ƣȭͷˮˮĽǱ˪˲䱻ƿм𣬷·Ƕһѩ
ڣʱͻȻһһеسǰ߳һλһĻȴǷһϵԪߡʱйһӣһ֮ʱڶçۣȥ
Ԫʥڶçһüһ
ˮһԲתȫػ֮֮޷
ǳǿߣһͷ߳һͷߴͻȴһ񡣻һ֣ʱֱ֮֮ײڶçۣ令ˮӿЩѡ
ңޱһ㺮ŮƮ裬һΪʮתΧڶçۡʮλ㺮ŮƮˮϣʱˮƣ˹㺮Ů֮⣬⼸ȴҲɢ
Һɱƺ¥иλԪĳۼλƾֺսڶçۣȻδ·磬Ҳϣһָڶç۹ȥ
һʱ䣬˴֮£ʮ˽ڶçΧȫһĹͬһ㣬ڶçֻۣòָӲȫֵһʱȴûлֵĻᡣ
˶ϣɼӽ˹ơֿ籩һĹ֮£ڶç۵ȴѹȥ΢΢üڶԷǿ֮·Ƶĺ
ڶçۣΪǳͿԺ𣿡ɭЦող뾳֮Уûüվ֮ððʧʧܵƣȴʵǲ֮١
ҲáޱЦ˵ɳɾǻɱǿߵء
λȫԸɱȻãԲ֡
Ҷȴ΢΢ü
ȻʱռϷ磬ܽڶçۻɱĿܣҶȴܾﲻԡԼоʲô֮ڵԼɼӱ
֮ĹвʱɳĻ̽Լħϵڶçϳˢʹڶç۸Ǳҧ֮£ȴҲֻǿֵ
ȴһʼķŭдʣ侲šҲһδǿֵ֮΢΢ƺǾʲô¼
ҶԽԽоԡ
ڣڶç۵Цȫչ˳ٲֻǿصֵ˵Ĺǽʼ֣ϵԽԽǿģЩԪµʿѾ޷֡
ΪֻǸӦϢѾľս
ãɭԣɾһ
ڲſȴѾˣڶçͻȻЦû뵽ԭѹ˿ٹֶ̾ΣȫֹңȴǰҴ似ʹҾ繮̣Ҷ㣬ȻǸ㣬ٶƾǿΧңҲЧúúøлǣ
ͻȻ䣬кһ͵ؽһ壬ʱˮӿͬ޾ˮˮʱӿתųķԪĳʱˮ±ԶԶ˳ȥһزȻء
Ҷ㡢ɭޱˣȻƾǿסˮһҲýŲģҡΣһʱϢӣأʱһµڵϣƴǿվ
Ҷüͷ֪ԼĲԺδ
Щ֮ڶç۵Цǵ￴Ѿκ塣ɡ
ſ̧֣֮ˮڿл۳һȼ
ƴˣȴһ͵һԾ𣬵ĻԾɭѾһǰ
ڶçۣ⣡һб
У޸㼲ǰеıǹһ͵طڶç˲һ֮һ㣬ڶçΧס˪֮ϹУҪڶç۷ⶳɱ
СһЦУˮǱ֮һ±÷飬һֻˮ͵ػɭú˳ȥ
үүޱŭһ㺮ŮƮ趯һ½ɭסǰ
𼱣һڶçһӣһˮͬĻһԶԶ˳ȥһƣˮֱޱҶ㣬ͬʱֵȴҲˤڵء
ȴҲδءҶһ̶Уת֮Ѹٵٴηų֮۳һ֮
ͬʱսħڶִɳڶçΧС
ƣڶçЦŴǰͬ˺ֽһ㽫ɳ˺һ֣һˮմҶ㡣
񣡡ޱŷ𣬹㺮Ů趯ƮӭȥǾײһɲǼ䱻÷飬ޱҲ׹£ˤڵϡ
ɱҶ˫۷죬͵ؽ֮ǧ֮ƣڶç۹ѹȥ


127 һն
֮֮ʣҶʼȫ߾ն굶һħ֣߳ǿ似׼ն굶һڶç۷𹥻
ɱңڶçЦɭǸ𣿽Ҿʶһ¾Ĳ࣡
˵ţ͵һץ
һ±ſ֮ץȥ׵ؾͽץС֮ӿţĦֻƣˮ׷ɣΣҲֻ˵ƵƤ⣬ȴʼ޷ѡ
𣡡ڶçһȣҲʹֱۻ̧𣬾Ȼ֮ץ
ʱҶ㣬ҲѾն굶ڶç̶ֱߣλħһµ似һͬͳ·һӵŽǿսʿڶç۶ȥ
գڶϵĴ֮£ҲܸοӢ飡ڶç۶ݺݵ˵ţ֮䣬߽֮ݺݵ
Ρħ֮צצȭͬʱӭ֮ȴ˲ﱻȥ
ҶУ֮˺Լˣһ¾ҪҶγС磬֮
ȻĴħ似Ĵħ֮֮Բͣǧ֮Ҷݺݵײȥ
ٶ֮죬Ҷ޷ܻգۼ֮ϣе̺ն굶ȫײֶʱƾ֮С֮˰ΧҪѹ÷顣
Ҷ磡ޱ۾ˣԾ𣬹㺮ŮƮն裬֯һԲ£ɢԣƮ֮ڶçȥ
ڶçЦֻһ߱һȭޱˮײµԣޱԶԶɳ
ޱɭŷ𣬽ޱձס޴ĳڣſһѪ
ƴˣƴˣţǰڶçȴֻмһЦ˦ּųһˮ͸ļڵϡ
Ƕڶç䣬޵⡣
Ҷ֮Уȫʱ֮͸롣ԭָӵʱΪڶçǾǿĳƣʼзĹڣһ֮ݺἤţ廯һ硣
ףȴ
ᵽԼڵڷѣַΪޱߵʹࡣҧ֣ͼԾǿ֮ѹ֮첻
֮Уᵽжǿأڶç۵һ壬ȴܡʱףΪڶһУѾ£类ڶ͸
ԼȻڵˣʵȱ˽⡣
ˣҲͶˡ
һĺޱȣԭҰ֮һħҫǿĹâΪӵΪӳҶ
Ҿ̫ĥѣѵʱҲȫˣȫ˻İȫѵҪڶç۵

ٵسԭҰ֮Уħ֮пٵسȥ
ҪٴʹΣյħ֮еħħԼǿԼԶԿ֮ԶԿڶçۣ
ʵǱУҲ֮١ȻѾйһγɹľ飬ǲԴδγɹһֻƿһˤڵʱûˤ飬ڶˤʱá
⣬ȴѾΩһˡ
ԥΪҲѾûԥʱ䣬ֻգ
Ͷħ֮磬ҪеɲǼ䣬һȴͻȻӿҫ۵ĹâٵҶһע֮Уײҡβֹһ׹䵽ԭҰ֮ϡ
ǣ循㵵վϸӦǹȵĺ⣬ħ֮಻£ȴֶһֱԵ֮
ʯ
ͻȻ䣬뵽Լϵһʯ
ֱԵ֮ǵôʯʱ֪̽һֻǵʱ֪Щʲôʹá֮ʴ֮£ȴͻȻתԴԴϵؽҶڡ
ѵԶԿ֮
ҶһʱԭҰ֮УȫɺʱоߵĺԽԽǿԭҰȻɲǼ䱻·һޱߵıɽһ㡣
ǹ֮Ҳȫ֮УһԭҰػʵʵ֮ʱȻڡ
ƿзųǿҵĹâ͵һۣʱһɱ֮֮һ½ϵ̺ն굶֮ڡ
ףڶç۱Ѿɱ֣ʱһüľ֮
ܣҶѾԱ֣֮޿սʤ֮
ô£
ھлǰ뿴øһЩ
ʱҶ㣬Ѿһס̣һסն굶֮һصĺ֮ţٵشն굶У̱ʱתڶç۵ĳ˳ȥ֮ʱն굶ڡ
һʱ䣬֮ն굶صĺΪһ壬ע뵽ն굶֮ڣҶоԼ·һֵһ㣬ҪֿסǸֵ鲻Խطһ𣬽ն굶ݺݻӳ
˲ƿնһӹŵڶç壡
㣡ڶç۾һգգضҶ㡣
Ҷ㵥ֳֵžҵţɫҲüΪѿȻһѾľȫʹһָҲѾûУħҲת
˾㵵ˣԼµЩʲôȴ׽к·
Ҷ磡ޱ𣬷ѪȾǰɭҲվ
һԪΧСĵҶӽ뱣Ҷ㣬ֲ׿ڶçۡ
ʲôڶç۵
Ҷ˵ҲûУϣǸֳһĨЦݡ
ˡǿ³֣Ѿ
Ұˣڶç۵ͻȻЦҰˣ˵ʲôλ
Լ֪Ҷ㵭ЦţЦڲ԰׵Ͽһ˵
ڶç۵Цųֵһֱߵı顣
Ҳģͳһ֮ǰĿŷ񡣡Ҷ㣬ֻǸƾʿǳҾѾȹ̡
Ҷ㿴˵ǲ룬ʵڲԸٶ
ΪʲôڶçʣΪʲôһϣڶǿߣΪʲôȴǻ
УҡͷĿ׺ݣͬĩ·ҰޡҪ֮ǰҲҪ㣡һ𵽾Ȫ֮սһɣ˵ţ˶ҲȭͷˮҪҶ㡣
񣡡ޱһƴǰȥɭˡ
ңţҲų
һɱƺ¥ԪĳǺţȫ
һʱ䣬һ似кڶç۵ϡ


128 ٷ
ǿߵĽŲģһˮһڣĽŲԶͣĳط
۾ŭصţĲʡ
߾ҵضţڻˮɢķϡԭһֻһЩɢߵڿɢۼ
Ҷ㡭ڶçۺ﷢󲻸ʵȻˤڵϡΰʱЩѵµľȴûʲôͬڽµģ塣ȻȻСݣȴѾٲǿߡ
ֻһʬ塣
еʬ壬ӦϽɢȥٲҵһ˿֮ʱе˶̱ڵء
ÿ˶ڷùеÿ˶ڼ״̬֮£һҲܶ
ҶϵտԨʯУвٻָҩģȴ޷ȡֻػһһؿڡ
ˣĿ⽻šǲһλǿ߾ȻԼС
㲻ܽҲԶԺɱǿˡ
ÿ˶̲ס롣
Ǵʲôøոպأ
ʱһ˲ɶȻĿһͶӣֻһһˣжĿϲûа飬·𲻲Ĺž
˵Ķᵽɤۡ
ΪǶϳڹؼʱ̳¦޵¦¡־
ʱ־ֻһˣ˵ĸоȴͬǧΧǲΪ־žǿǴ˿һ˿Զ֡
ˣֻǴ׵ϡ
ôѾ籮ǷˣҶƽʡ
Ҷ㣬ҪˣֶΡ־䣬Ѿ۲ʱ֪Ѿȫ˵Ҷ֣̽뻳ȡҩҲѾǼ֮˰ɣ
ޱҲֻܰ壬ǿַ֮ˡ
Ҷ㣬û뵽ССĴ֮ӣȴԳɳΪүΪ֮ĵĴ־ĿɨޱƵҶϡڳһ֮󣬱ǣǰ֮·үüչ֣ҵ˵һ
˵ţȻȭҶ΢΢֡
˲ΪҵİɣҶƽҲֹͣ˶
־Ҷ֣Ŀ罣ƺֻҪҶȥɱˡ
ү뾡취Ҫȡκ֮Ӳүıڴʱ֮ϣүޡ־˵һֱɳȥֻ¾ûб˵Ļ·ˡ
ɱ¦ѱܣҶ㵭Ȼʵ
Ѿһ飬ȴװ޶ԣֻΪԶԷʱ䣬ȡԼܿٻָһ֣Ȼ󣬾ͿԽȫȡҩҩ
֮󣬱־һ֮
¦Ѿ籮־𻺻˵Ϊʥ֮ӣ޷֮ǰɱ֣ȴռϷ磬δܵ֡תһ롪ڴүĸ֮ʧȥտԨʯҲǴһ㲻ǹȴҲɵҶᱦĹұΪ֮һսʱȴǾȻ볬ǿಫȻɽۻ
ĿһҲδ뵽㾹Ȼɱǿߡ
ԣ⣬ǷҪˡҶ㻺ͷ
ܴ־˵֪زǳ֮򵱳ҲСС֮ʱɱ֮ġֻϧ㣬ӹһ١ҲΪҰһ󹦣㵽ճΪүĸ󻼣ҳȥʹүǰóš
˵ָΪ߹ĻȴҲһ£ҵ㡣Ҷ˵Ҳл㵱Ļڻ飬ҴȢŮˣҶҵĴҡ
ûô־û˿仯ȫҶĻϡȻҶѾһˣȻ˼ƽϡ
ǰӿת۳һߴ壬ͷڣֳһӡ˫
񣿡ɭžһ
¥ʶ־𻺻ͷǷһ֮֮ܽߣͬʱӵ˷֮֮֮ȴϣʥǿߣĳҶ㣬Ȼǲſȣȴͬˮ
ôҶҲŭϲԿߣԱԿֻΪοԼҹ·֮һ㡣
ʱҲûãؽӡ֮¡־ԽԽ죬ߵĺĿҶ㣬öӡ΢΢𶯣ƺżǿɱС
Ҷ磡ޱ־ŭ־֮ΣʲôúСˣʮСˣּһҲҶȣǼҵ£ʲôãֱŮеĳ裡
־תͷޱ΢΢ҡͷұһʹ죬ڿȴܶʴȡ
˵ţһ̧֣ʱλǰһһҽޱ־ǰ
ſңޱŭȣѾҪѵȴҲûС
־ʲôҶĿ⽥ó⡣
ռ䣬ֱһһ±ҶǰֱӻҶһѽڵտԨʯ˹
ΪҲ֪⣿ѿ÷տԨʯеҩָӣҲֻϣϣʱ֮ѡ־˵ڳʱǰҶǸ߸ϵ֮ӣ㣬ֻһʱõı΢УѵˣҲС
˵ţ̧֣һ֣ޱǰץȥ
Ҷ㡣־䣬Ҫ㳢˼ʹζɱ㡣ҪŮ˱ҵŮˣǰһ֫ɱɱ㡣
Ҫޱš
ʣɭ˫ͨ죬Ҫƴȴ˵ڵϡ
ƺ¥ˣһҧгݣ޲ܳȥɱ־𣬵ϧǼλԪҲѾءʣµˣȴ΢
ƴˣ
һŭȴеļͬʱŭ־
־Ŀ䣬ԣֻһһģʱӡתڵϡһ籩ĲֻһУ㽫˴úɳȥˤһء
Ȼ䣬һӰһ㼲һŰɭɭĿڣ־ҧ
ȴѩӰڹؼʱٲأֱ˶
һȴںһȭֱ±飬Ǿ޴ڰз˳ȥˤС
Ҷ㿴һУȴ޼ƿʩ
̲סоģʵȴǵ
ǿ˳Ӧ
һеһУǰ˴ô
־ǰ֣Ѿޱ˺֮£˺ѵʱ顣
ޱʹرۡ
ҶȴԲţʾһļµĺɫ
ԭҰ֮УѾħ֮У
ħ񰡣ҵҵ嶼ȥɣԸңͶĻֻҾҵİˣ
ɲ֮䣬ħ֮ħݺᣬħ׹


129 ħ
ħҶ֮ϣһħ׺ȴ֮ǰһϣǻΧЩħ·һסһħħ֮٣֮С
ͷɱ¾ƻ֮⣬ҶȫȻͬʱȴٲܣǵħռԼ
˲䣬ԭҰһħҵĶһѪɫ
˱ħħͽҺħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ʵ֮У־ѾޱؿڣҪ˺֮ʣ־ĿȴͻȻһŤͷҶ㡣
ɲǼ䣬иջڣֻºͬʱ첽󳷣Ҷ룬·Ҷһ緢Ļɽý˾ҪΪһ㡣
ʧȥ֧ţޱˤڵأȻƤ⣬ȴһ
Ȼ֪־𲻻ôķŹԼ˲֣ʱһϢɴ˸¡̧ͷȴҶޱߺâ·ǵѪ֮ɫ
Ҷ磿ˡ
ֹɭ䣬лƺ¥еһˣҶʱϢ仯ޱȣ
ɱɱɱһɱҶжһһ졣͵صԲۣ˸֮ʣһߴɵħͻȻ֡
ħһѪɫؼף֫׳ޱȣʾ˵һ֣췢һ𣬺ķ֮޲Ϊ֮ɥ
ħ֮֮յıħһħ񣬺ħ
ħ伮мء˵УħԿʹ˼Щʵޱߵıħ
ʲô־ƽʱһޱӣ˿ȴҲ˾ŵɫ
Ϊǿھ֮־Ŀ׺˫һһȭǰӡһ׼Ҷ㣬ӡ
ӡȭ
֣ӡзÿֶĪҶݺײȥЩֲֻвͬԣ֮ϻƣˮ֮ˮڣס֮Ϻ첻ϣ֮˪衭һʱ䣬ԵĹһҶ㣬ȴ·ͬһҶ㷢𹥻
ǿ似ҶȴǲΪǰӭֶȥֻǼ򵥵һȭ
ɱ
ɱֳڣħһо޴ȭͷȻ֮䣬һħһֱǾȭ˲顣
ôôǿ־ɴʧɫһƽžŤϲҶѾǿ֮ĩ壬ȻԱ
⧲֮£ȴѾ޴ӱУǾȭֱ˲ͻ˺񣬽֮Ƭȭһִ֮־ϣֱ
ܣ
ѪԿ־ڿУʵĴǿʹ࣬͵ڿһһת˫ȭ»䡣
ӡӡȭ
УڿУӡһת˲仯һӰСľӡ׼Ҷݺݻ¡
ɱ
ħ΢΢һףʱ˫㷢һȭ޴ȭͷдŻֱ֮Ӵӡϡײ֮ʣ޴ħ֮£ӡڱշ˳ȥСص˺С
ô־Կ£˫źħĿЩ͡
ɱ
ҶƺѾٲ˵ĻԺֻʣһɱ֡ǰ˫ȭ£ʣħʱͬĶ⶯ͣһħںħ˫ȭ֮϶ԽԽ
ҲŶ㣡־ۣŷɱǰ߷һӡ߸߾͵бϷǸߴħͷ­ӡȥ
ӡȭ
־һȭӡбʱһ⣬ֱħͷ­ǽ֮ʢޱȣΧǽһգʱ÷ҷڣֻ
ϣ
ҶĿ³ɱ۷ź⣬˫ȭͬʱʴǰʱħ֮ȭǰ˫ȭ֮ϵľ޴ħʱΪһ壬ΪһѪħײһ
ֻ΢΢һ֮ͷֳǿǺֱǰƿ˽⣬˺񣬺ݺݵش־ϣ־𷢳һĲҽУʱ֮ͬһ㣬Ǿֱ˳ȥײľ󣬾Ȼɳ⣬ˤңԶĺУ֪
ɱɱɱ
־ҶȴδָܻѣһۣͳĺȴﻺƶǸߴĺħ֮ͬɢѪɫɨܣ·ѰµĻɱĿꡣ
Ҷ磡ޱҶ㣬ʶҶѾʧȥǣɽش
ҶĿһɨ΢΢һ٣㻺ޱ˹ħкֱޱϣŲزһ
Ҷ磿ޱôˣޱ
ҶĽŲ΢΢һ٣ԭؾþעޱ
ԭҰ֮У߸ϵħ֮ڣסҶ壬·˻˯֮С˿̣ٲԼǴڵһħħɢаϢ߶չжޱȭͷ
ħҲȭ׼ޱ
㣡ɭѹɣޱǵ˰
Ҷ磬һܻǣǱɣޱһҧһ۾
ʱԶһҶ죬ţһѪ۵ѩӰĶҧʹǰޱǰ̧ͷҶ㣬һ˫峺Уͫڽһߣȴ·ۻ˫ͫ
Ǻ֮ϣһߣӳһʮ֣ͫ㱻Ϊķݡ
Ȼʮۡ
ʮһɣѩӰϵϢʱһ䣬̲ס췢ХݣɱȻھػޱ֮仯ٽһ
ﵽԪ
֮ɵľ޴ϯķҲǹҶϤϢԭҰ֮Сħ֮У˯Ҷ㾹Ȼۿ۾ģߣ͸طʵ硣
ѩӰػһˣҶ㲻Ŭ뿴ǵ˭
ģʱϳԼͷߵͷˡ
ʱһħƺǲҶı仯ʱӾָҶޱһȭȥ
ħȭͷʱŻ֮ȻѩӰޱȥ
һȭʵֻͬոսѩӰޱᱻ÷飬ʬ޴棡

ԭҰ֮Уħ֮ڣסҶ͵رһ


130 
УҶƿһħħħףһħƳ塣
ħħһħڿоۼҪҶ
лҶȻ˲ħ֮磬ڰ׹֮ʣħݺħ֮һ֡
ת֮䣬»صԼ֮С
֮
ǿ˲ס壬Ǵ;һȭڿٲǰħ嶯ţһħڿƮɢ
Ҷ磿ޱҶ㣬۾ָ֮⣬ϲ
û£û¡ҶЦţȻһͷԵڵء
£ѩӰѾȥסͷҶӣ˵С
տԨʯޱȴס˵ϡ
տԨʯȻ־Ҷ϶ȥΪѾվ棬δŽ뻳УȴҶ㼤֮ʱϡޱ֪տԨʯлָҩæҪȥȡ
ѩӰҶ㽫ڵϺһ嵽տԨʯǰҧ͵ǰޱտԨʯ۾ڻָһտԨʯռ򿪣ȡҩƿһöĲҩ衣
ָ֮һ֣æȡƿʣµʮöĲݣɭ䣬Լƺ¥һڳϷ¡
Ĳҩãƾǿ˵Ѿ֮ȴҲ㲻ö˲ıڴΣ֮ʱޱҲ˲ðҶʡЩ֮ˡ
һΧ˹Ҷãҩæ˰ȴɫҶֻǳ˯ȴǲѡ
˵ز˾ޱüҶ㱧ڻУһ־˻¦˸ǶҪɥ뿪Ϊ
ɭҲ£ڳһ𽫻ƺ¥һӦ߷ιǳտԨʯҶ㴢ҩޱһʱĺȥ
ȴһͣ£Լڶç۵ϸһժֻˮ
ȴ˻öɭһͷ̳ϸ
䲢δ˵ʲôֻǰˮޱС
֪Ҷӹϵһ㡣˵˴ζҶӳ֣һ˲ܻڶç۵ķӦҶС
̳ˡޱ΢΢ͷʱȴǾ֮ʱˮŰɡ
ҡͷˮ֮ܿˮˮ֮ȴô󣬵ãã֮ȴǲСǿ߾ͣںϣȥȴϡҰսһ𣬳˸ԼĴЩӶĴֻֻҲˡˮ֮ǳ˶У뿪
˶Уޱ۾һˮ˹ã
ֻ̫ࡣ价ˣﲻˣȫԡ
̳϶ӵϤɭ̲ס˵
˵ӱ˪֮̾˿뿪˪ǰʲô˶ҶԱ֣ˮԭҴ͸Ҵ֮ԪӦʱȴҲ֪ڶçµ֡
ԭˡޱͷôӦý̳ϲŶԡ
˰֣ҶӾȵģΪлԴΪɡ
ڲǿ׵ʱ򡣡ɭ˵ޱЩ뿪˵زҪ¡
ãԡޱٲͷӹˮϣһź߶ȥƬ̺̲֮ϡ
ޱˮˮƬ̱˷֮£ˮʱˮ߷ʱ߷ֿں̲γһͨ
ߡһͷǰȥ֮䣬ˮˮ֮γһֻˮĴ󴬣̤˻۳ɵ̨ϣޱһ֣ˮ֮߶ֻˮǰȥԽԽ졣
쵽һ̶֮Ǵ㲻ٱִΣɢ˼ٱڵһˡϣʵᵽһˮĸо
һ·˶Уڻص˰ߡƫƧ˴˰ڻҰ֮պŽƹǷȥ
ҶһֱԲѣʹʲôֶֻ˯·ۼ˵һ㣬αжѡ
ʱ˻ЩģҲֻǻ˯ѣûκβףŷһСĶУ˽Ǻҵӳɽİһլס
Ҷһֱ˯ţޱϤһ죬ޱհƤ˼£Ȼ
Ҷ磡ޱϲһס֣ѡ
ҶоͷЩѣ
ǽƹǽǡޱ˵ôɸоﲻף
ûСҶ㿴΢΢һЦЩѣڿȴöˡ
˵ЦޱЦ⡣
˯˶ãҶʡ
ڵϻѾˡޱ˵ӳɽ˺öкʿҲ˵ʲôֻ˵岢û⣬ֻ˯ѡ
Ȼ˯ôáҶϷһУȴǵԼħ֮¡֮ȣħ֮󡭡
ħޱһ
šҶ֣ḧοʱѾľȫ֮£ҲֻýȫħԻþʱ̣һǻָĻ
üΪأ״統˵öԣ֣ʵҲ޷Ǳٺʵ֧Ҳջ֮֡ޱǻҪŬǡ
Ҫ֮ǰˡޱͶСҺ¡ǺԼȥǺʧ
˭ҲȥҶ§Ҳ㣬ֻһλѡҪϱǿҵػǡ
ޱͷҲҪŬøǿܳΪ׸
˵˰죬ȴǶˡҶĶӴʱԳһЦ
֪Ҷ˹һ˶ޱ˶⣬ֻ´ҴŵҶϢɭЦϢ˰ˣϢ
ѾˡҶ߳˵ͷ΢Цˡ
ǲࡣҡͷҹߵչ㣬΢ôӣҶи
ޱɫһ졣ɭ˵ĻȻţˣǳȴ˵ʲô
˼ˣɺЦ
ʱѩӰȴɱһҶϣͷϲȥǼˡ
֮ˡɭ˵Ҳ׷ټˡޱһؿչȳǣҲ
үүޱ
ôüɭװԾѵǲ޸ˣ
˭ô˵ˣޱ죬һЦ
˵ˣޱһտԨʯˮ˳ݸҶ㡣
־տԨʯսˡ˵ڶç۵ˮ̳ϵ֮ڶᡣػʧУ̳ȴ˵ҪΪлҪǲҪԼɡ
Ȼ̳ϵ֮Ӧ̳ϡҶ˵
ҶӣдΪ˵
̳ϣ°ɡҶ㵭һЦҵѣҲһˣкηֱ𣿡
˵ޱнӹˮС
⡭ӣӣʱݺᡣ
Ҷ磬м¡ޱտԨʯݸҶ㣬֮ǰʹտԨʯʱôû籮


131 ʬ
˶Ž
ûʲôҶһЦֻǻһִʽѡ
һִʽһ
һ籮ҲǼٵġҶΪ϶ԵҽտԨʯȽ֮ʱֱ뵽տԨʯ֮СڣѾտԨʯһ֣ʹտԨʯĿռӣ˶ѡ
ǿϧ˲ҡͷ̾
ô˵׷Ѱ֮·δ갡ɭüһǽƻȻ³ٱƭǡ
ҲƻҶҡͷֻƵ̫ˡκһˣܵΧҲֶүүи󡣡
˵ɭ˵ܲܰ쵽Ҷ쵽
ƺ¥ͲҪ׷ɱˡҶ˵ʼվǲ֮١
û⡣ɭϵһͷҲ͸ˣƾһ㽭ҲȾָ籮ر
»ұܡҶתˡ
үİɡһλƺ¥˵ܸ¥һͬǰ浺ģȫ¥ĸˣ˽籮йܰġ
áҶһͷտԨʯʶһ˿ħħʯߣʱһص¿ռ䣬Ҷ㲻һ治ɫ˼䣬ޱһɭС
˱ɢæȥˡ
ݣҶ㽫еտԨʯһӣʱһռ֮Ŵ򿪣¶տԨʯڵĿռǿռȴһصӿţüоȡ
ʲôޱָţ֮ǰôû
ǸӦҵԲſһ¿ռ䡣Ҷ˵¿ռ䵱籮ݻɵģͨҵ籮ƷտԨʯ֮УҲֻҵԽ֮
ֻտԨʯڿռСȴûʲôô𣿡ʡ
ԼӦ滹жԲŽ뵽Ҷ˵ƺ¥еλȻҲĸ±ϾԽ֪Խá
ˡɭͷ쿴涼Щʲôɡ
Ҷ㽫ħǿռ֮Уʱǿռȡ˹˲һɢ¶һĿռ䡣ǿռһƬ磬Ҳ֪ж󣬵ڽȥؿһҵĶ
ǡɭһɴۣһѡ
޵ʬǣ侪
ʬǣɭͷָţκ˰Ѻҵ찡ǧʬǣôôࣿ
Ҷޱ˷ȥֻһ֮Угǡݡļ׿ǡ͵ƤëִĹЩȫѰҰϵȴȻϡ
һʬ֮Уһ뱣ȴ׿ǰ󣬵ȷһֻֻǿޡ
ҲЩǱ̳Եްɡޱ²š
ӦǡҶͷ籮޵ڣӦó޿ռ֮ЩԵʬǣ˵Ŀ¾Ǵ籮Ŀռ֮С³ķƷӦþЩ޵ʬǻ籮֮ɣмдЩҲͲΪˡ
ôʬǣʳ籮Ժʳ޵ȫʬ˰ɡ²š
ʮа˾ţɭͷҲǻۣ֪ЩҲǺöӦ籮֮СʵΪ̫󣬶Ϊܽߣ鼱֮²ŽЩһ˳
ΣǶ׬ˣ˷ܵ˵ЩʬǣɶǼֵǵĺöǿǸ֮ȱƳ˵ҩЧֻ²ҶӵҽϬţƤƳףΣЧȴԶʤףʨצƳ
ЩɭȥָǿЩ޹Լйȴ֮ѪϣڹɵĹ飬ǿƷϺòϰ
ЩȻô󣿡ޱɾŴ졣
ȫתΪǮƣֻµֵϷڤ˰ա
ӮңǲӮңɭ˷ܵػȭͷ
ֻЩֱȻҲܻȡй֮ʣȴδϧ俴ʬǣ΢΢ҡͷԼƣǱҩġǷǾͻиǰ߼롣
ҶвһޣǷҲһż
Ȼɭ˵׳ΪиֱΪʦ
ϧһʯ俴Ҷ˵Ҷһ˱ܽǶɺñ
һᵽʯҶ㲻˶ɽϵʯ˿ԿôӵеľǸɵй֮ˡ
ȴÿʬǣΪɽʽ
Ҷš
̳ϣкδ㣿Ҷ㿴ʡ
һ漴Ҷ˼ͦضҶ㱧ȭΪ񣺡ҶӣϷݺὭ꣬һĵİף浺һս֮УȴȫûϷ֮ģҲѾ֮˪Ҳʵûʲôˡ׷湫ӣõĺôϷмϷһΪȣʵΪֻԸ׷湫ߣŮһ֣֮ͬԸӡ
áҶ㻺ͷ̳ϣǳʶ֮ʱȻгͻᣬǷ硢ãҵĶʮѾͬ㡣ԭѾһˣ̳ԸžۣȻӭ
лӣһء
˶񡣡Ҷ֣үүұһүүүүһ㻽ˡ
⡭䲻ԥ
Ⱥر˪ϣҶֻǸëͷСӣҶ˵⻰ȻֻǶԷͽֺԼ
ʱԼѾɥ֮ȮһУҶȴǸɵйƾ֡ʱȴҸˡ
ʲôǸġɭһЦһơӱôģ䲻˪ˣڽڣ֮ϣҶóһֵܣŮȻҲҪүүˡ
ޱҲͷ΢Ц
ãҶһȭ㣬ұһУϹͷΪȥǣ
ô˵ȴǼˡҶЦų乪񡣡Ҽ˽֮Ǳ㷵ţ򣬵ʱͿԺžˡԻָǺľˡ
ᵽŮ䲻ٴݺᡣ
صţǾ͸ɵų͢Ϣ𣿡ޱʡ
ȻǸɵȡҶ˵ҪúЩʬǣҪɽĿҪŦúܡ֪ģȴǹ¡λүүǿ뵽ʦ
ҵ֪ڱشôһλɭ˵ʦЩһ֮СΪֻɣʵɽԵǿ޹ʦҲһλʵӦòڡ
ֻҪͨɡҶ˵
ò롭䶢Ҷ㣬ͻȻҶʯ֮ܡ
ѧϰҶ΢Ц˵


132 һ
˽ܼҶһܵ뿪˽ƹһ·ӳɽɳ˰бţֱ͵ԪӦڡ
һ·ƽ£ڻصţҶϵһڵ֪ȻϢʱӭ˳ڽ󣬷·ӦӳдԱһ¡ء
䣬ʱүүүүһ߽ţһ߷˹ȥͶĻ
Ч򹧾ǰʩʰ
˪ʮҲذڵء
ҵĺŮ伤ݺᡣ㡭ȫ
ȫһһЦҶÿΪ˳һָǣѾʹǰһ޶ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺãͷ
үүôҶһˣʡ
˵̾һ浺ϵս˵һ顣Ͷ¦£ȴңһӢûû֮һ£ҵҲˣֻߣϹͷһ֮ɡ
ϣЧ鼤ʣʦ
Ѿʦ˳𡣡˵һ֮սϣɱ˻
ҶӣлЧҶ㣬ʱȥҶ㼱æһ֣ȭħǰЧͷס
磬ԼˣʦҵĳΪӦõġҶǰסЧ͵֡ڰ
ж᲻ᵯʱЧ͵֮ȴѾȫˮ
ֹĬֻ֪ȫΪҶƴɱ˪ʮʱҲѾ档ǶĵϵǵʦҲǵֵܣһϵ˪֧ǵļҡ
ʱ֪ɣȴ˱ˡ
Ҫˡ˰ᣬ˵һ׷㣬һˡ
˵ʱСǰɭɭ΢ЦͷһС˼ϵһ־Ƕʮĸ֣ȴֻѾͷ
ȴչ˹ӣȴܡС񽾰һͦأɭЦ
ҲСʵΪзŵЩһڣҲòɭп
ϧûֽǡޱһȻ
ȻʲôɭҡͷһЦһϵǿѾ̫࣬ӦûŶԡ
ӴʱҲʮƳʿһҶǰҶ΢΢ͷʵǶأ
԰֮ǰĲãɢ֮ǰߴԪӦ˵
뿪ʱԪӦһδ󹥻˵ǳʮΪ㲼õķߣһʼǾͱҾ֣ҾȴǴһֲնнˣɱǴܶ飬ٲ
ȴǴһսҶ㲻ɸ̾
еǻᡣЦ
͢Ǳ߻ûϢҶʡ
ս̾˿˵ܴϢȻѾʦȴڱ߹սδƽǰʦسҪǼפش˵ء
ڴˣܱ¡ҶһЦԪӦԸǣɴ̿ɱࡣƺæ£һʱ֮˲
Сˣޱ̲סһ䡣
ȴҶ㻰лȻҶ㲻˵壬ҲʣֻӭҶ˽ţһ·˴˧У£ֻʣҶϵһ˺ʣҶƺ֪¦ǵĶ򣿡
ȥ˽ƹ浺׷޵ټҶ˵ڵϣȴ־𡣡ţ޵´˵˵
֪ˡͷ¦ղõצô˵¦Ҳޣ
ҶͷȴһӮҡ
΢΢һЦӦ¦ɣϾ籮Ǳȥ
ޱȼˣȻ֪ǹ¦Ƶǰ̨Ϊ˵Ŀ꣬ȴֻǰЦҲơ첻ȴ̲ס̾Ϣ
ӵҲ档̾Ϣ֮ɺôӲɽ¶ˮһ¶ɣ㾪ˡ
ҵǺߵ߿͡Ҷ˼˵ǿȴһֵ֮ˣ˿ֱֱǳǿαװƾһ㡣Ϊβֱӳ֣κ˶û¦޲Ŷԡ
Ҫˡɭ˵Ҳ²߿͵ݣ²ˡ
ǰǵ°ɡ˵ţɭ֣Ǽ¾Ͱˡ
û⣬Ϣһգȥλ֡ɭͷ
ʲôְ첻Ե
˧ˣҶ˵ţտԨʯռ򿪣쿴˿籮γɵؿռ䡣ϸƬ̣ʱüΪʡ
ʬ壿ǿѹ´ȥȴμ찡⡭ǸǼܣǲ׻ĹǼ𣿻ǣǲǺڹϬƤ찡
˧Ƕ޺о䲻ú
λһЦԻһλʦ󣬾֮·һ֧ѪȴרעѼҴı¸ɾˡСϲоȻûۻǺܸߵġ
ȵȣɭ죬һ
죿ɭʡ
ǡǰźͷ
ǧʲôˣɭ׷ʡ
ү켱æش𡣡ʶ˼ң
ɭŴЦԵְ㣬˵λʦүǧ
һ˵Ŀⶼϣɶͷ
⡭ôˣһͷˮȫԡ
˧¿ɾ͵ýˡ䲻Ц˵ʲôҲðλү뵽ţúý
컹ûס
ġޱЦŽͣǵõʬǣȴûʦԽ֮ɱүӳɽͬʱҶҲѧһѧ
ԭˡЦˣ˵Ҳˣȴ뿪¦֪ˣȻһְص
ȥޱ˵ֻҪһá
ԡԣһԴһ⣡Һ˵Ҽһ֧ƣΨ࿴Ϊϲоϻ˵ˣдţ
֮һԴǿеļѾдɣڲȻôдȴһףӼͥ鵽嶼һ飬ɭ겻Ĩ˰ѺҪҵĺ󱲸дôһţǿ϶ҪɽɵģȻȶԲֶԲҡ
˲ɶЦˡ
ڶһ磬ɭ뿪ţڤ߾ȥ


133 
ȴɭĹУҶҲûšԼһڵϵʼԪ
δսʶʵҪԣһ˵ʵޣʵǿĶ顣ԪȻʿرҶȴҲ֮ˣ˵ܻݼ˵֮ȻҪԼ˷
˷ΪϹʥ߿֮˳һоΪͬѸʹÿ˶ϲ
֮ǰҶɱԪӦǿߵõˡһ飬ҶͥСҲǾϵʿҶͥһϰѾгɣ˾ʵΪ
ʱϰԪҲߣʹӦ֡
Ԫ֮壬ҶȴԽħ֮ڻ֮ͨ伮˵ٲ֮ҶͥҪⱾ飬ж֮ȴԱħʹ֮ĵá
ħħ֮ħ٣ħиնɣҶħ֮󣬱㲻ʹöˡ˼ϰ˾ȴʹܿƺħ˱ħǾ޴ޱȵ
º˶ѾԪҶżļƻսƷõʮ壬ȫͰӣֽ˪ʮͽʮʿɸˣٽԼһǧҲˣҪǴؽرɽ
˵Ҫʼɶɽϲѡ֪ȴҪҪҶͥͬȥִ֡
νϵһڣ˾Ͷˡɽ֮·ͬСɣ˭ȥɣ˭ͿռоôҶ㽫߼ʽ𶼽ǣҲȷǳϻ̳Ͽ֡˾ȴ˲¼ɡҶͥҶ׸磬ִ֣ͰȻʲôС
ҶȴһЦ֪ͰȻС˾٣ֻΪô¼ߵķ֮ģҲԼġ
Ҷ㵹ҲδƣֻǽһǧָȨҶͥΪϸ˼ָ֮ӴȷʵͰóոռ룬һǧδطˣҲܷڣΩҶͥǷڤ죬Լ׸磬ʿ
˼ŷڤڶɽȥ
ƽµֹ˼գԶȴһδӽΧڱѾţǰȥ̽ǻʵķڤӣҴŻʾĴ죬Ϊ⡣
ɳ裬֪Ȼ¦Ķ顣
ʲô˧ۡУҶ˾һޱ˵˴º󣬲һü
˵£ƣԪӦ;ߣݷùѡ˵ȻûʥּϾǻӣҵ˲Ԥ£ֻҪ˽˻棬Ҳܾ
ĲҶ㲻Цˡ
ǲҪ˰ɡһ˵ȻҸɩӣߣ
Ϊʲôޱ۾һתȴЦˡǿ籮ǼǵòҲôϢɣ
ô˪ӰˣЧһԼװ˼ŦֿЦܰǿ籮Ҳ㵽С
ôҾȥˡ˰亹
֮˱ţ´ۡ¦ȻǷּϾһӣн죬жӭ¦¦ʩ
𣡡¦ЦݺͰȥΪУλΪΪ񲻴Ϳ࣬ȿؽľ󹦣ʵǷڤ֮ӢۣȴӦʩŶԡǰҴһ㱡񣬲ңұһ⡣
˵ţһͷʱ̧һӣ֮ȴǽӲӵĽ塣
һ̧򿪺ȴȫǷڤе߹ز
һڽԪӦʳǲȱڵ߹زȴԼʱЩȴǱȼЩס
򵥵仰ůڽ֮ģЩŻݣȴһֱò͢͵ڽиж˽Ѿʼ¦ܳΪǷڤ֮ҡ
л£Ϊ˧Ҫֻٴ¦£ȴ¦һ·
Щ߹أǱޱЩ߹Ҷ㿴ǶʣȻ¦װرʵĿռ䷨
ǧװ£οһ߹Ҷ˵˿ռ侹ȻԳñʳʣ档
ȻտԨʯȻ޴˹áޱ˵ǾӹĿռ䷨д˹á
´˴ݻޱǱ㲻ˡ칧һ
¦ޱ΢Цһ𣬲֪Ѿʱ⣬㻹ðɣ
ɵµǡޱһЦá
ܷҳȥߣ¦ʡ
²ɡҶ㻺ҡͷ߹صأ۲²ʰɣ
Ҳǡ켱æͷ˳ȥﾡģ˴š
һڽ죬Ĵ½˳ȥҶһͷԼߵҲ½ֻޱԼСˡ
Ҷ㡣¦Ҷ΢΢һЦ
áҶͷ΢Ц󲽶
Сȴһվޱ
¦֪ǵݣҲΪ⣬˵öޱʣҶڵ֮ʱĪңƺ֮ʲôᡣܷң
ޱϹһ˿Ц⣺ʲô˲õ£Ҳˡˣ˵浺֮Уջķᣬƺǵõ³籮
¦һЦʱǿƣ߲ҲܼѹȺۣ֮жѡ
ܷҼʶһ⴫˵еıޱʡ
кβɣ¦ͷֻǶߴһ࣬ȴߡ뿴ҵҵӪ֮С
ŶǾ˰ɡޱһЦ¶һ˿ʧı顣Ҷֻǲҹȥġ
Ҷ㣿¦΢΢ü漴һЦֲҶ£α˵ԪӦԭ˰ˣҶƫɾ˹Թ׷ңֻΪ
ҲˡޱԴ˸
¦˵Ҷ˲ţϾֻҷڤһλССĽ졣ֻ֮²ס䲻ţǷڤӣֻҪһ仰ұ֣̤ƽǵðɣ
ô˼ޱҡͷ
ޱ¦ޱȴͻȻ˳ƺһǰȴҪޱ֡СʱۣһҪʲô
¦һ˿ãܿ˹ȥװΪһЦ
ǰǺ⣿ޱ΢΢һºʡ
ޱ¦ѵҵԳʱұٲգһıѾݲŮӡദǼȻݣȴʱ̡ԸܺһˣҷҲģ
˵Цˡޱװ˼صͷ
¦ǰһϿңޱҶʵ⡣ܴӦҷĽֻһˣҪƺ¥һɳΪµһɡ
£ɳ˵ġޱͷ˵Ҫʹүү͵ųɡ
Իᵽƺ¥м¥¦ޱӣЩһӦҵģΪһ籮ΪƸ񣡡


134 Ҵ
ޱ¦ЦݡЦ¦޷Լ׳Ƹ񣬲һŮӣ޷ܡ
Ҫ㵱ȫ棬˵뷨ޱ˵
⡭¦һ漴Цˡˡ
Ůӣϲǰҫ
аš
ô˵ޱͬˣ¦Щˡ
ѴҶнޱ˵
ǡޱʲô⣬ޱǾΪ¦ҶġСȴЩżֲ˵ʲôֻ
ʱҶˣԼȽ죬˽¦תǳҶһЦתˡ
λͷλһ¡˵Ҫһ£λΪ֤պиı֮ڳĸλԵҡ
һڽɻ¦֪⻰ʲô˼
˵ɡҶɫݣ΢΢ͷš
ޱ֮ձӡҹ£ÿ˼ȴֻһˡ¦޶˵գӮķġڴˣҪȫҽӭȢޱΪޣƸ񣬾֮籮
ޣ籮
һڽʱڳУ˲֪֮£ȴ֪籮⴫˵еϹر¦־籮ȻΪȡ
ǿϹر
ǡǡǺҶɻֹ
ҶȻ˵ãȴҵһǷڤ֮ԷǻӰ˵᲻ᡭ
籮ȷʵ˶İ˼رΪƸֻ¡
ҡͷ֮̾Ҳ
籮Ҷ΢΢ü£ǼȻУô˵ҲȻѾܻˣ
ǵǡ޼ǽƻ±Ծȣˡ¦Ҷ㣬һʱ֪«ʲôҩҶ㵱ʱҲ浺ϣ±ҶҲۼʱôʣ¦ȴ˼
ԭˡҶ΢΢һЦĴŵζһڽˣ̲ס¦ֻǹΣ֪Լջж
¦Ҷ˼ɫһٿޱȴֲ
¡ޱʱ΢΢һ񣬡ˡŮܴӦ
ʲô¦ʱΪԼˣȷԼûþ֮󣬲ɾ쳣ޱʲô˼
£Ͷ˵ֻҶһˣҲ֮ԼޱҲѵ˼ɣѾҶˣҪЯͬûѹң籮رңȴǺ⣿
ޱ㡭¦ؿޱһʱ֪Ǻá
ǸޱƮȻһ񡣡֮沵ӣҲΡǸ߸ϵĻӣ˵ĸð̤֮ƽǻƺ¥ССɣθҵ£
㡭ô˵¦ͷð
ѵ·û˵⻰ޱʡ
˵¦Ҫͣޱ㽫ϣ£ɰȻвʵް취ֻüװӦȴôߣҪʲô籮ΪƸȴǱ̴Ӧ㡣ʵףرµ֮ףôˣ˵Ƹ˵£ҵĶǵµģһ仰籮С
·ʱһڽ췽Ż¦Ǹֵεĺûӣʱȴֶαޱȣʵսթ֮ˡ
ڽСˣҶĹϵһ㣬һЩССݱɸı䡣ʱ¦Ҳֻ¦ݵúáʱޱôһ˵жɶŭ
ǿҶ㲻еӢۣǵĶˡûҶ㣬˵˴󹦣ɴ̺һֻҲԪӦ
ʱԸҶ㣬ӣҲ̣
ޱ¦¶һ˿Цݡ
¦һʱҳһţʱȴ벻κη֮ԡޱԼǰ׵ŮôͻȻ֮ļƣһֻСãͻȻ֮һֻϺꡣ
¡ޱñ䡣һһ㡪Ҷ㲢ԹҲδ㣬ڽƹУΪҪŴ˴ɱ
仰һȻ󲨣һڽ쿴¦񶼱ˣзŭĻҲɱĹ⡣
֮ȴʱƽϢˣһƬ˴
¦þעޱͻȻЦݱñޱȣüΪޱͷãá
תҶ㣬䣺ҶС㡣ǺֶΣֶΣ
˵ţͻȻغһȥſʱعͷ۶ޱ˵ޱһڣڴ˶ԡҶգǺΪ֮ɣ˵תȥ
һڽȻŭĿӣϾǻӣκȴֻ֣ۿ뿪ķߺޡ
λЧʹʱ˵λӿɲһڽƹбһֱ˵ˡλ룬ΪȴܵƹҪʲôˣȴǷʥּ⣬ʲô˼
Ⱦָλ쾪һ
ʥ̫ӡһλüҪλ
һҷڤֽƮҡˡһλ̾
λӴ˵شҶˡΪҶȵվ˳Ҳ˵Դ֮Σ˶Դһλ֮ʱգ뾡һбֶΡǵƣҷڤֶһ¦ǣ
һʱڽԵͷ¦˾
֮ǰ¦˴ɱ֮£̿ʵݣҲաҶ˵˶ԴޱȴӲλ֤¦ٸҶޱ죬Ҷ㶨
ҶǶ֧㣡
ԣ֧㣡
һڽ׷ױ
лˡҶͷ΢Ц
ޱҲĵһЦ
ɢ˰ɡ˻֣ЩǲҪײҪȥɡЩԵģϸûʲô󣬾͸ȥ
һɢȥҶޱЯֶأһ·Ҷ̲ס΢Цޱʣôҵıֲɣ
ܺáҶͷһʼ㲻ǴҪ籮ƷŪ𣿡
˭֪ͻȻ˵ҪƸءޱ˵ˣȴǴӦɲɡ˵ҲˣǶǸƷǾõҲûʲôô˶ΪرУ鷳ҵʱһȴôһ
ϲװǫǫӣǰҴľһҡҶ㻺ͷպһ谭ȴһ󹦡
ޱһЦ
ʱŦȴ˳˹¥ˣ
ߣҶ۾һޱ֣Ŧ첽ȥ


135 ʦ
ڳſڣҶޱӭɭһλߡ
аʮ꣬ͷ޷һ쵹ôơһԻװŹŸԻõɸֲ棬ǸɽˡҶӦϢȴһλԪʿ
˲ʣȻӦǧˡ
˱죬ȴڱɽƾ˿һҵһλʿ
Ҳͬʱϵһˣʱǰʺãү
СгϢǧ죬΢ЦͷȻΪҷڤˣáãУڿʷˡ
ɲҵ죬æǧҶ㡣үλĹӢۡҶ㽫ʶԪӦͻıƴɱ˵ߣЩǷڶδ֪֮
һ·ϣ¥סڵؿ㣬ΪֻΪϵû뵽ȴӢ۰ǧҶ㣬ͷ²ʮɣɲ⣬ѵƾ
ǡҶ㹧һ񣬡ǰ
ҶҲʮ˾ͣѾʮȴȫ㳤һǧү𱲷ҶҪΪˡҶۣͬƽʱֳԴԳƣ𱲷ЩңҶɴԡǰƣȴʡű鷳
ϸ൱밡ɭЦ˵Ǵ˧һ飬˵
ʵ˵ҲǾΪΪӢۣԸɽæġǧ˵һѵǲΪȨЧġ
ǰΪȨЧֻΪæҶ˵
ǧͷæһҪġǱ֮ˣԪӦϮұɱաӶ֮¡ֻϧһ֮ޣ˼磬ķҶԪӦ򣬽ߣȴʹ֮ذȣհӣ֮ΪеһԱв֮
ǾͺãǾͺãǺǵЦšǵҶ˵ɡ
ãǧһͷ
һ˺ܿҶĸֻۡһɵϵ֮֮С
¥˵дʬǣǧżɽ
Ҷͷ
мʮߣǧʡ
һʣһ漴͵Цǧ˵ģһ죺ǲ´ˣ¡Ҳʮ߰ɣ
үүûǰ˵ޱɭɭٺһЦ˵ٰϸš
ţǧʣѵ˵аʮߣѾо֮ˡ
ԼɡҶóտԨʯħ֮տԨʯĿռ䣬ٽռ籮Ʒγɵǵռ򿪣ǧʬǱʱǧǰ
⡭ǧɴ۾һվȫʼ̲סʧôô࣡
һǧʬǡɭЦԣвһõġ
ҵ죬ҵ졭ǧɽһʬǶѣһҡͷһ߸̾˵ͻȻ˷ܹȥ
ү̫켱æǰǰǴ󱳵ģκ˲ųһ찡һʱذܼ׳۾Ⱳӣֵˣ
ɭЦô˵һòУûƭɣ
áãǧصͷʲôʱʼƣ
ȻԽԽáҶ㼱æӦ
һȫܴŵĵطǧ˵ţһȭͷͭҲ֪Ǹʲôõġ
ҶǸȫĵط˵ⰲλãȫ룬ⶼرѹԺһãʺϡ
ǿߣߣǧشߴš
ǰҶ㳤һ֡и֮롣
˵˵ǧʾҶ˵ܸϿȥʬǡ
֮ҲʮָȤ֪ǰǷԴڣҶ㹧ʡ
ǧԥһ£漴һͷҲûʲôԵġҲûʲôҹ˵⴫ҴΪΪĴӢۣҲġ֮Ǽ֮£žա
סҶ㹧һʱڵϡҶ㣬ߵлʦ֮
ǧɴЦǰҶ㸧𣺡Ӣ۳ҵĵӣǧȴ˲ˣͽˣСȥԺɣ
һ˺ܿ쵽˺ԺǴ֮УʱǧȴҶ⣬һű֮⡣Ҳ⣬ֻԺػԷðʧŵˡ
֮ڣһӦһԣǧ봦һվͭСһţʱһһɶߵľ񱳸һͬߵ˿˿Ʈɢ
Ҷ㳣ѩӰӴȻԽΪУʱ񣬲Ըоȡ
񡣡ǧţһϵΪѹ֮ʦ޴񡣡
˵ţһתʧһλۣ棬֡
ȴϵáҶͷչʥ
ǧ˵ǹ񣬶ҷҪΪϵһҲ޹
ȴ޻ϵҶ˵һλս񣬵ͨ
ҲɡǧͷûҪо֮֮ʱѹ
һ񡣡Ҷ˵
ǧɴ۾Ρ˫ϵͬޣ
ǡҶ㺬Цͷ
ԹԡǧĨ˰ѺȻţȴδ˵
񡣡Ҷһ䡣
ǧײ֪˵ʲôˡ֮̾ѹССͣʹﵽƾһ˲֮ţŰǧεºܣɳΪʦ
ʦǸϿ쿪ʼɡҶŵͭɻ
ãǧ˫ŹʣһͷһĵͭϡܴͭһƣȻʱתۼͱһɶߵȻȴһֻԲͲ״¯ӡ
⡭Ҷ㾪ȲѣԭȻһɴСķ
ǧͷҼҴΪϹ¯ഫޣֻϧУȴֻúЩСлض磬Ȫ֪Ҳοɡ
ʦ롣Ҷ˵ţտԨʯռ䣬һɽʬչǧǰǧȥһָһȱʬǣúڹϬʬǰɡҿĺڹϬǼܣȱ֡
áҶһͷħӿ籮ƷĿռ֮һȱʬǾ˴֮С
ǧǰȥһʬǣɫüΪأ㣬ĺڹϬǼҲȡϸ
Ҷԥؽ߹ǼҲȡ˳ŷС߾޴ĹǼһţʱԵӵС
ЩҲǡǧָʬǶѱԵɫļӲ˵Ҷ㽫֮ȡ˳ǧųԾЩųһŵĶȴ˼żӲƤ
ǵƤǧ˵ӣȴǴʲôǿ޵Ķȡһ㣬㿴ЩطθҺʴĺۼ
ȷʵҶһͷ
˼飡ǧϸʬǺü
ôҶ㼱æʡ


136 
ĹǼܣЩƤԼ⸱ȱʬǣںڹϬеߡǧɫأҲ˵ǰӵʮۣʮ۳Ρ˫ͫޡޣǽлᳬʥĶްôһ¾ͱõôࣿ
ҶһȴʦЩ޵ʬǣһֻ޴õġ
ţ浺Ϸ˵һ顣Ŀɿڴκŵ˵ͷҲֻޣſԳԵЩǿߣҲΨǿߣ޵ķ۰û뵽ԭôӡ㣬㲻ٶ˵
籮֮£˧Ҳδ֮Ҷ˵ڵ֪֮
ǾͶˡǧͷǸӵ±ŵõ籮ɣ٣ʵǳ˸
Ҷ㲻Цˡ
롭ǧһɽʬǣÿһʬǣʮްɣ
пܡҶʬǶѸ־һЩʬǳڴǧϡ
ǧϸؼ˰κ󣬵˵ͷϲ
棿Ҷ㲻ҲЩҪ֪ͨ޺ӵʮۻ˫ͫȣǿϵ£
Щӵʮ۵ޣ޲ɽ֮УǳʿҲУǿȺΧҲ·һ
Ա˵ѰˣǸеĸ֣õһֻޣҲʮּ֮¡Ҷ㾹Ȼõǧ޵ʬǣȴʵ֮¡
Ҳˡ
ǧҪܣǧ֣صضҪ֪ӵǧͨʬǣӵǧʮʬǣǿȫһ£
ˡҶҲ֣صͷ
ѩӰҲҪǿа롣ʬѾѩӰŵʮޣǸ
ѩӰ۾ܱ仯ֻзȫ֮ʱʮ۲ſƽʱͺͨ۾һ޶졣
ʬպãֻһ߲ȱĺڹϬʬһϬƤǧ˼ʩչϹ¯ĸӴ򿪣ǼͶС
֮Ծ棬޹ۻۣԱΣΪֱǧһ߻չʥһȹ¯УǹǼܣһҶš
ڹϬ֮ǣǿԵƤƳɿɸտ֮У֮й֮޲ǧ˵Ϭ֮ʱʿʱӵо֮ϬǣƳǿ˵ӵʮ۵Ϭ֮ƤԿƳɷ
ôܷȱʬɷҶһ
ȻǧЦʵ˵ɣ¥Ȼ֪ôһţȴ֪ұǳڡɽɽ¶ˮı¼ǰ֮ڣ
ֲһ䣺⻹Ǳص˵ΪұϾ̫ûӴˣǰ
ȴ֮ҡҶ㹧
ģ㣬֪޲ԣ޲ǧͷ˵ǹ֮Ӣ£ܸôʮʬǹƣʦɼ֮£ҸммĻ˽ֻǴ˵ףҪ׼
ǡҶͷ
ǱáǧһЦһƣһָ㣬ļսȴԽԽ롣Ҷʥѡеķħʹ˫˵Ӥʱʥɣʵǻ˫֮ˣȻǳνӴѧϰȴǼ죬ǧˡ
һƣʱ䡣䣬ǧ粽Ϲ¯Ժ¯߽СҶΪ˲ˮźܵѧϰٶȷɿ죬ʲôһ͸ȴǧϲüң˵Լյһ˳ĺõӡ
ϣǧСĵָչʥ֮¯ֹ˼ʱ¯¶Ȼȴ֮󣬲С񽫸Ӵ򿪣¯ȡһ
Ǽ˵ףһĽ·ʽӣйŷ磬ֳһֵĻɫȴǰ׹Ƥ֮ɵɫǧнӹף֮ݸҶ㣺ԣ
Ҷùףȥ£Ҫ֮һϣǧɴЦɵӣôӣָӡһּףϣ
Ҷ֮ԶħһּУʱоǽһһ㣬Ƭ̼ħ㽫֮עҲͬ³Сһ㣬ħˡ
⡭Ҷ㲻ɾ֡
ǻҪһϴʲôףǧԺ˵֮Уרڴķţ֮ʱѾطֻҪͬλ׾ͻסλá봩ʱһ׾Զ壻ʱһգ׾ͻ䡣
Ƿ㣡Ҷ㲻ɸ̾棬ŽಿҲħһħӿ֮䣬һ׹ȻԶ˿Ϸ죬һ㲻
Ƿ׵һôǧ˵ɸĶ̣ʲô˴˶ȴƸһ㣬֮䲻ͨá
ããҶ㻺ͷҶԽԽȤˣ
ɴﲻȵزǧһЦֻ徫֮ƵҩȫްƷͨףҪʦ֮¼ʦ࣬ܽɸֱģȴʮ˰
Ҷ΢΢ͷұŬΪһԱ
˵գħʹ
ԡֻ׵ķΡǧγһСǰҶϴȥҶ̹Ȼֻ֮ϣױƤ΢΢ڰݣȴƣԼֻо΢ѹȴǲ۲
ǧ˵
ҶԶһʱǿħǧһδףϵħһסСҶоħ֮󣬱ʣն굶ϵĵһϲ֮һһʱֱӽǵ÷顣
ããҶ˵֣ȴǧЦ
ȻǧƳĶвõĵ
ֻҪٽˣȴӦΣҶʡ
еøǿơǧ˵ǰЧںߡ
ҶˡҶ㻺ͷףΪϬף͸ޱȴǲ
ѡһйǰɡǧ˵Ȼ˵ѧǼõģѵţһ㼴ͨȴҲ˽˱µͷǳȴٽҪһ£һȫ㣡
лʦҶ֣һ
˺һڣ˼㲻ֻڴ֮ϰһ̵һѧȫȻʱת
ޱȻ˶µ࣬ȴԹԣÿ׼ʳźüܵ
ת֮䣬µʱҴҶҶԳ˵ǻȫ֮ͨѧ˸ףģֻʵˡ
ǧΪ˷ܲѣ˵Լӱؽ¡
죬ϰ֮ʣȴĵس嵽˺Ժ˵ϰ
͢ղˣ


137 ʥּ
ղҶ΢΢üѵ¦ֿʼʹֶˣ
βǡҡͷʥּղ
ʥּɲܵҶһͷںδ
Ѿӽţ򡣡˵Ѿ˳ȥӭӻͣҿ쵽ӭɡ
ʦȥˡҶǧһ񣬲һͬ뿪
һѾڸеȺ򣬼һȥ˳Ŵָڽж֮󲻾ãһϷ˽ǰΪʱǰ칰ֶЦ˧Υˡ
Ԭˡ켱æ񣬡һΪλղԭȴ롣
һ˽ղ˧λԬ˺˼䣬ΪҶʱҶһ֣ɫҶ˴Զ˺ͣʥϲûֻ֮ǰС಻֮¡
סҶͷȻԹʥϡ
ǱáԬһͷȡʥּһʱжӹá
λԬ˸ʶȴǷڤʵ¦Զ֮ԡ׻֮󣬱ʵԵĽ¦칦ʹС˷ͣλ»ֱӴһ㡣
ԬȴؿҶһۣ˵Ҷ㣬²ż汸˴Զ֮²֮ʵӦ͡伴𷵻طڤʥΪӷ֮λ
Ҷˣһڽˣ̲ס˷ܵص
Ž۰
ҶĹʵڤʸˣ
Ԭ˺Цλл
һڽ켱æߵл
ʥּϣԬ˺ڽ춼Ҷϲޱ˸Ǹ˵òˡ켱æ˱˾磬дһգΪղӷ磬ҲΪҶףڽڵ˳ٵѾõĽ˷ܣҶȴע
ǶڣԪӦӲȽӽᱻ¡ͷСΪ
Ҷ㵱ȥֹڽҪʿɶֹͬʱΧϵİҪظλΪǣôƣ෢
ղԬ˿ɵͷ̾Ҷ֮塣
ղڱ߹ϢһգڶҶһŷڤ߾ȥ֮ʱ켫ģҪɱԬȴЦˣʲôǻطڤֲԪӦ
ڤհ˰죬³ֻЩСɣҪġԬ˻СΪ
ʥղ˱ǵٴҲڸڷڤɱҰɣԬһ˧ģԻСĵġ
ڡҶһЦ
ΪҲŲİţ˵Ŀֲղ㰡
ԻСġҶһͷ
ղԬ˵Ķ飬ˣҶδʲôֻޱЧ͡СŦǧɭƺ¥ʮλˡһҲûܵˣʲô顣˵һڤǷڤ£Ȼ˵쵽֧⡣
ҶȴǲҴ⣬һ·λԬȻһе£ҶȴСĽʱ۹۲ܡ
һ·£ڤ˼գһƬɽءϸɨ˼飬ȷʵ״һ˲Žɽǰȥ
һ·н䣬Ҷ㲻ܣޱ˵ʣҶ磬ʲô𣿡
ѩӰоЩ쳣ҶĻεѩӰ֮ĸоûдӦ⡣
ѾۿˣȷʵûʲôޱЩɻ
ǰҶͷҲŸ֡᲻ʲôƽ֮ǿ󣿡
ҵ֪ˡޱҲþҴȥҪҸСĽ䱸ɡ
ҲáҶһͷޱʱƥ˪ӰڶߣСΧ
Ԭ˼ˣҡͷЦŻٵҶ˵ҶҲ̫ˡѾ̽Χ״𣿡
¦ǵĵϸ塣Ҷ˵СЩΪ
Ǻ£̫ɾǵСˡԬҡͷҾͲ¦һڷڤڶԳ͢ղ֡
Խǵ˸оҷ֮أҷ־Խ׵֡Ҷ˵ڵ۶֮ڶҶ֣δؾͲڴ˴֡СЩá
ԬΪȻҡҡͷҪ˵ҶȴͻȻĿһ
˱ڴʱɽ·ͻȻఫһ±ƿµĵض֮У¶һŲµ֣׼ղĶҼ뷢һʱ䣬ɼƻȣ֧֣ҽ֮εڴȴһʿ⧲֮м
ҪңҶһʱֳսħ˫һ̧֯˱ǹֱͶȥ
Ȼ֮Сըǹֱӽʮը÷飬ǹϵĻʮˣʱҶһ̧֣зٱ̽ɽЩȥʱȼһڻоɷɻҡ
ֵĹ䱻ѹƣֻһּ䣬ղʧһȫʬ壬ȴ谭޷ȫȥ
ʱԲͬλ
ȺһýƻȻڶڵ£ѵʲôҲû֣
ⲻ㡣ޱοһ䣬Ѿ߻ִ˸ʱһȺУн䣬ɽ߷׷ױǽϹ˫ۣٱȿϢ
ͬʱҲ˳ʱӭżһɽϵֳȥȭ𴦣Ѫɣ֫ϡ
Ⱥӣ˭Ķ鶼𣿡ɭһ߳ķϻһּ̧䣬ųһʱһɽϵְΧĿӡ֮У۳һΣɱȥʱһֽ֮С
ԬʱҲŭһø¦ǣȻ˰󵨣Ҷǰȴˡ
˵⻰ʱ򡣡Ҷһ֣ôҼǺ÷
Ԭһ£ʱ뿿£Ҷޱɭλƾ֣չֶΣֵ꣬ͬʱɽϵֻ
һб
ֻǴʱĶ飬ҶһڣҲֻʣ²ˣνʧء
󲿷ֵֶҶǿķɱٲּѾ޷˵ˣгˣɽ֮ɽϣȴнǧԵض˳Ŷɱ
ҶĿһɨޱɭ˵о·ÿ·߽ƾΪףҴʦԸ·ޱŷԸ·һ·үүŦСӦ
ˣ˾һͷʱҶԸϸԵִӭŵ˶ȥ


138 Ʒ
ʦɣԸǣҶһȣǧһ֮һѩӰѩӰʱָΣһ㼲ӭ֮жȥ
Ƕ˵ĴߣһλʮİҶӭԼɱһ֪СвŻ˶ԸˣȴȲʤȯ
˵һ˫ۣʱһλҶȥ
Ҷһۣ㿴ⲻյУڣֻԼӦǸ֮ʱ㶢סԼ֡
һЦ⣬֮ħݶצצײʱһĻ𻨣ѳ顣
ȡͷʱЦл֣һʱɴܶ𣬻Ϊףֳֻ޵ײһ޴ػҶ
Ȼ֮㻹ԶҶ䣬һĳսħʱɳһֻǰץȥ;ƾʧȴһֻצͻȻǰһӱ㽫޴ƫһԣһץֱӽײץУ顣
ãһɫ䡣Ҷô
ݻţ㣡У汼һ·Уʮ߷һӣһλ׳ԣſҶݺȥ
ĦʥߣҶһЦšһȭħʱ֣ߴɵߣʱʹԷľʧɫȭսһȭֱӽԷĦʥߴҡΣһȭȥȴĦʥߴĹ㡣
ôܣҲɾȻ˾ϵʲôĲܣ
ɱǵĲܣҶħһֱ̤ȶȥڹֽУæٻײӱ޵ֵǺһ̤ȴͬ޷һ㣬ӵ׹ӵ͸Ǻ⣬Ȼӵоһǿ
ָײȫҲδزֵܵۼħϵܷ֮ƴ֮£ײһ̤˸飬һֻ˪źݺ̤ͷ
ʱһѪӿҽзٺˣȴսʿײһƬ
ôˣٳһ
Ҷ㵭һЦ
ǧѧϰڼ䣬ǧȴƳϬףҶ㡢ޱɭһһҶտԨʯеõʮöʯжʮöǶʯս֮У˪ʮʣµʮöһֱδãȫԼʯ֮֮ǶС
ʱϾʹϬףϵʯãȻʹսħ֮ʱʱӳħ
һߣޱųס·֮УԼ·ǿСΪ˪Ӱˣͷ߳ȥͷƾǿҲ֪ޱСͷų˵ʥһӰĹޱͷնȥ
ޱȴֻһŤɵԶ㿪һӼ䣬㺮Ů֣ƮһԷ󵶡
Էɫأ˫һת䣬ʥ鵶ʮֽرܿƮһֱޱؿڡ
ޱǲƴֻ϶ܣƮʮй˵֮ȴϱҲɡʱ·ǿߣѾɹò²סԼһȼ䣬߳һޱ
ޱһüоյһʱʥĴȴѾһ֮Ǳض㿪Ʈ͵һ𣬱֯һ¹֮ʿȥ
ͬʱԼ㺮Ůһ𣬻Ʈǵʥʿ
Ʈһʿͷ£ٶ֮죬޿ɱܡȻʿȴҲܣֻһЦС㣬Ҫұ㻹˵㣡
˵䣬ʥ͵Ʈնȥ
ޱһ˿΢Ц֮ڣǶڵɫϬϵľʯȴͻȻâһӳǾ޴ޱ֮˲仯Ϊ֮
һ֮УǿޱȵƮȻֱ˵ʥĴ󵶣ٻ˵ʥ壬ݺʿ֮ϡ⧲֮£ʿһ±ҵڵأѪ硣
ʿʱһ似ޱỨۼޱԲ˼ľԼͬش֮УҧͦǰԮͬ顣
ʱȴԾĺĹ£ȴֵֻܻ͵һɨһֱâȴ÷˳ȥһֱ۲㱻նϡ
æתͷģȴǹ㺮ŮƮᴩͬŵһĻ
ޱɱ˶ԷһλƾǿߵͬʱҶĺħҲպߵĦ߶һС
ƻȴıƴħ˫ȭ߾٣ȭһ޴ʯ·Զصɽժķ嶥һ㣬Ҷȥ
ħ˫ȭʣһֱۼɽľʯ˹Ҷ㶯֮£˫ȭͬʱ
ʱһѪħֱӽɵɽ÷顣ħƲǰĦߣٴ֮ϡ˫ԲһڰݣѸٵأȴʱ;Ϣ˵ڵˡ
һ棬ɭҲǷϬоʯ֮˶һֲ˴
Ƕ֣ǲǵĶ֣ʱҶ˵𣬾ŵطһɽбȥ
ˣˣʿۼޱҪһԼҲ񣬾һȥ
ɭսˣҲսûˡ
ʣµһսʿûü嵽Ԭ˵Ķ齻֣ǿ˵ӵӣһʱҲû⣬з֮ʣȥˡ
ɱɱЩͽԬߵشţҪָսʿ׷
Ī׷ҶһԷʲô׷Ҳ壬ٶ飬Ա
ԬصͷҲǸ֮ˣ֮ǰҶȰ棬ʱѾΪҶ㣬ҶһڣóϷհ졣
һ֮ȴַʮδߡҶһһǰħһΣж˻޲м°ݣнҶ㿴һ㡣
Ԭ˿ˣǴд⣬Դһ·֮Ϸ½ҪҶָӰš
㿴Ч͵ɽһˣʰ˼ֻݸҶ㡣ھдþˣҲϵ÷ڤⲢǷڤ󣬿ȴԪӦ󡣲ϸ۲죬ֻģԪӦѣڲԭȴ˷ڤ󡣡
áҶ㵭һЦλ϶֣ҲһʹĹƶԸˣԺһ˰ɡ
һҪÿЧߡ
֮Ҷӳһ·ϣԬٲҺҳֻսʿһȫҶָӡҶҲӽУһ·ŷڤضȥ
һ·֮ϣȴδ֦ڣһڤ۶ǡ


139 ֮ı
һ˵ǺԬԽҶ㻤͵Ľ
ҶҸˡµضһϱʥϣڼٱǡмǣǧҪС̿ͣСǰӺ
Ҷ㲻һЦԬ˻ǼˣҪôǼ¦ûôӣҪôΪ¦ĵӡ
ʵʱҶݵλѾȫͬǰҳ˼֪¦ìܣ¦ǵڵ۶ʹðɱֶΣΪԼ鷳ˡ
ʹõֶΣȴıı
ıı¦ǣѾ׼ˣɡҶ㻺ΥĽУȻЦ̬ݡ
һӦۣȴȫ¦వѡģõǻҶʹʲôֶΡһ˼˹ϲ쳣ⲢΪźˣֻΪˣǿӡ
һλǿĿɽڽҲȱЩ
æµ׼ΪҶӷϴɭ֒Цֲ˶Ը٣ܻˣһɵҲָ
үүʲô˼Ҷû˵ʲôޱȲˡ
ѽδŮˡɭǺЦҲЦޱɫ˺죬ɭһۣȴתҶ㣺Ҷ磬Ҳιһ𣿡
ҼңҶҡͷһЦȴ̾һ˵ҵļȴڳС
Բ𡣡ޱҶĸ֮飬æǸҶҪˣʱּصɾҲǿԵİ
Ҷ㻺ͷղסڵ۶ֵйĶĵطٻǾⶼǺˣ֮ȴӹƽ
ޱͷ
ߣǲιһҰɡҶЦʵ˵Ҷ˽Ҳࡣ뿪ôãԼԷأ
˲һЦ
˱ҶĽסǧܱģҶ׼һܴŵĵطңȤʬҶһ߹ĦһѧϰżҲޱһߣһ䣬ȴеúܡ
֪֮䣬չȥɭȴƺ¥Ǳ߻һ£ȴҶڵ۶ʱ䣬Ҷޱ֮󣬴չȳǶȥ
ֹ˽£ҶּȴûҶȻΪ⣬ȴŦǲõڤʵ϶ô£ҶԶ˻ȴ˵õĺ֮λأǲǲˣ
˵Чȴ㣬Сĸ
Ѿ¦Ǻ޵ͷˣʲôĻȴǲΪ⡣
˵ţȴǰһͯ˵Ǿ֮ģҪҼҽ
ȥͨɡæ·
֪ϢҶ㼱æӭ˳λ֮ͯͯҲԣҶ֪ؽһڣ˺ͯſڡ
ҶҼҴҪתʥȻӷΪȴ˾´ԭһ𷴶ԣҲָͬʥΪ˶ԸЩߣҲѾ˼һʱȴҲ޷ԻһЩʱգʥ׼Ӧ֮ߣϵ
ˡҶһͷתˣҲżֻҲҪСģҪ¦ץѱ
ǡͯһ񣬱ȥˡ
ҶУɳ˼δ볯Ϊ٣͢Ҳ˵֪͢ȨʱΪ΢˵ڤȨ¦֣֮¦˴Ȩ֮и·ԱԣȴҲӲ
ţޱȴ˽
ͯߣˡޱ˵
ʲôˣҶʡ
֪ޱ˵ֻһַˡ

ǣ¥¥ϼ䡣ޱ˵Ҫȥ𣿡
ȻҶͷ𡣡۶ԷǵѣҪȥʶһ¡
㡣ޱ˵
ҶҡҡͷԷǵˣҲڹ컯֮¸ʲôȥ˶ˣöԷӣǵˡֻҲǲԸû֮±֪
ˡޱһͷȴȡ˳ҶСһرҲһЩ
̣ն굶䣬ϻϬףѾ㹻ˡҶһЦޱֽ񽻵Сȴ㣬ֻôһȴЩġѧһΪ켸ķ
šޱ˵ͷĿˮעҶ㣬룬ȴҶ١һҶһů̲סͷȥ
ޱǺ۾ܣҶǼȴһվס
ڼҡҶὫϣ΢΢һЦ󣬻ȥ
ޱָؿڣڼѾƻһ㡣һ䡰ڼҡһĸоԼѾҶӣԶļҡһʱ䣬вۡ
Ҷ۴˾¥λúֻ˽һ·Ƕȥúݻľ¥ǰϸһֻЩ졪¥޵ŸԣûʣȴԵӹײһǱϲĵطЩƷζߣԲˡ
ϸһ룬ȴЦˡ
ֻԼʶУֻǸ˲Żѡֵطˡ
Ų룬ʱлӭҶֻ˵¥ˣƱ¥ȴǰ·Ҷ룬úҵˡϼ䡱ţ˵£Ҷ㵽ˡ
Ż򿪣ȴһλšҶ㻺룬ʱ΢Цߵ¦࣬ǰһ
ô֪ң¦Цʡ
¹ѡӹ֮أΪʹ벻ӶڲݡҶ˵ʶУ֮⣬бҪһҲأҪԽ˶Ŀ
¦໺ͷһָһߵӡɡ
ҶҲǰ
г˶⣬мʱ¦һ֣Ǳ⡣
֮ˣ¦ʡ
ǡҶͷ
ǰ¡¦ҡͷЦҲϬҾռ㣬㣬һԺþ˵ʱ·ϣֶˣ
Ȼȷ֮⣬дҶ˵
ԽԽˣ¦һų͢жצԣ֪һҵֻ̾Ҫﵽҵͷˡ
ңҪʲô£Ҷ㿴¦࣬ʡ
¦࿴Ҷ㣬ͷô֪Ҫ£
ˣ²ԼҡҶ˵
ϲʹ˴򽻵ٷѲٿࡣ¦Цˣѹ
ҪȥɱһˣҪѶŪôһЩȫǿֻš


140 ߹
ҹֲ
֮Ҳǭװգҹ֮ҲϨϢ׼֮
Ȩ֮ۡҲҹ֮ʱȴǵƺ̣ｻƷʱ⡣
Ȼ۶Ȩլۡȣԭܵĸۡҹȴ쳣ƻȻţȴŸ֮
һ֮ڣһݵԭüͷĻӵķ֣ԻĵĽǡ
ڣ׶Ŀⶼԭܵϡ
ǲٵȥˡԭü˵ЩĹٵҶ㣬ûʲôôսʥְү˾ղһҶ㡣
Σһλҡͷ̾ϢгǲܵģҶ̫ˣ
־ԭܺһ֮ǰлƺ¥¥ɭɭȴѾŻƺ¥뿪ˣȥߵĸֲһޱ˺ѵ
˺ˣһλοڣ˵һ룬ֲ˼˵ȥ
۽һλ׳ŵӽһ䡣
ߣԭһߣһӷ֡ȥǧȴǴܶأδǵѾǿǽĻᣬǻϧ
ˡǿѹŭ𣬱ȭһ񡣡ʵڲܣҶһ̫ǿ󡭡
ǲҲƾʿ𣿡ԭܺƾ򲻹ƾƾֲҴɱƾʲô֮ǰͶүʱǿ˺ڣ˵ʲôԼΪһţȫԶһ棬ү¡أ˶ٶ
˵ɫüΪѿûзԭƺûһ㣬֮ҪǺãҿǲɽҰ֮УǵĲͷȥ
ˣѾŭ𡣡Ͷǻ㣡ȻһˣˣֻΪүǸ£
ҲվΪүүӦõģʲô
ΪƾǿߣͶҲǽֻҪһ㹦ͣǱܷ֮λ㲻Ǹ´󳼣Ҷô񣿡
ԭܿˣȴһҲ¡
ûҲǸ´󳼣ȻҲʿȴֻʥ伶ѣǰƨҲǡЦţôΪβֱͶ볯͢ý֮λЧʥϣҶһ㲩÷֮ͣ
Ŀתİ𣺡ֻ֪иүƽƣΪ֮ˣȻһүˣ͵ʵүķԸүĹԭд˾Բŵүʶ̧ٵ´֮λҲȨƸ󣬱ȵѧôһù
ŭĿӣȴˡǽǿߣһ֮ΣȨƸסģһ죬ȴҲֻȨߵͷ°ݣʵ߹
ССԭܣκһָɱˣǸ
ǲֻһССʥ伶ʿǸ֮ϵǻɱԼĸǰ;
ЦǿЦ
ڴʱһʵţúʵľűһƿһߵӻ룬ǰֶ
󵨣ʲôˣԭܲһʱ
˲𻰣ĿλƾʿΪĽǿߣȴҪһͷ߹֮Եǵĸĸʦ𣿡
Ǻˣǰһɫô󳼸ۡ
ɷؼ䣬ֻҪ̹׳ңкο£΢ЦӬӪȴ
󵨿ͽеŭһʱһλؼֳַ˫ȴһϵеĸ񡣸һʱԲ˫ۣ˫˺ݺݿȥ
˫磬ֱϯķõҲƿһ飬ľܷɢһء
֮ʱҲдȣӢۡ΢΢һЦгм
ɲǼ䣬һߡޱ飬һͬľżˣȴʶáһ֣͵شһȭȭͷΧ֮֮˸Ĥۡ
һȭ˲ײڵһ֮ϣʱǸͷȥţڶȭٻĵڶҲײ̤ǰһ˫ȭŸŴȥһ˲оʮȭĺˣҡΣ
ǿֶΣһ漴ֳֻ߳泤޵ײ񣬱Ӵޱ߻𾢣ֱŶԷȥ
Ƽ䣬һȼڵᣣʱ
Сҵӣԭ۵شʱȴһ˴һ߳Ҳ˹ȥ
˲Ųæһͷƾճ֣һԾ˻泤һ֮ϣڿ͵һ̤һλʱֿУһֻ̤̤һ֮ʱѾɱ˪㣬ֱӽĽƷ飬ٽͬʱ̤顣
Ҷ㣡ײУʱʧ
ң˳Цһժȥʱ¶һӣȴҶ㣡
ʱԵˣҲǵմ͵ϮղеλҴߡ
Ҷ̤һˣԶԴм£һҶʹʱµҶݡһ³Ҷݣ˲ɶۡ
ԼߵԲۣǲȥ㣬ȴѰ˾󳼸УλȴֻһˣѵеùֵǣɱǴһ
ϣʿһٴγ֣ǺӰĵâҶֱȥƺҪһ֮Ҷ㡣
ħһѾҶһǣһȻգȴһǽڴ˸飬۵ԭֱҧҲ֪ܻɱҶ㣬ʵǴһָֻŵؽţߣߣΧסһɱˣ
ȴֻǶҶ㣬һȥ
ҶȴǾħƶ֮УųצצӰݺ𣬱ƵʿӽֵȴʹΧ֮ƿһڣҶݶȥ
һ֣սħһԾһֻצһץʹߡüͷ壬У˫𶯣ͻȻ࣬âնײħ֮צϡ
ȼħ֮צȴδֻٶȱ仺ץߡ
ʱħȴѾ˱Σ˪Ϯ޿ɱܣֻײȫޣΰĻ𾱣ǿס˱
Ҷһ֣̽Աγն굶һ֮䣬ħʿɱȥʮֻĹȼħ֮צ࿹ڣɲǼ䣬ߵΪ֮һңһ
Ҳһ֮ʣȼħ֮צݺݽסʱȼȫȻڴнĹ֮ɢַסԼħ֮צȴѾˣж
˻ɣʱǹӣĴ


141 ֮
񳤽һ½Ҷն굶񿪣Ҷȴһ֮Ծһԣħȴɱǰһ˹ȥһҧʿϣֻһ£ʱҧ÷顣
ʿҵĴУһվȵ˵ϡҶƮȻأֱ˵߶ȥֻһͽ
˫۷죬ȫ಻ı֮ʱŽһȴݶȥȻҪӡ
Ҷ㷴һ̧֣սħ˱ǹһǰͷǴˣ棬סȥ·һֱġִתӭȴը֮õڵء
ӦȭħѾԾգȭ䣬ƵǱֵȴȭſѪ쵹ڵվ
ȭħһȭֱӻײ񣬴ؿڣʱС
ѵʿҧҶ㶶Ϯ򻽳һԼܡ
Ҷһ̧֣ʱʮ̽ڿө裬ת׷ȥסǰ·򱻳ҶԵĺħһȭ顣
ȻħҲʮȴ˵Ƥˣûʲôʧ
ħ֮󣬱㹭ס˫ȭʣСϡ
ʿϣֵֻЩ֮̽ȥҪǰȻо֮һףͼһԾȭһѪħֱײԼֻüһ㱻˴ֱɳȥˤڵأʱ
Ҷ㲢δͣ£ʱתħɱȥֱײһȴ泤֮Сǰ߲Զԭ󲽷ɱţ죬ͷһ˰
ýˡҶħһ׷ն굶һӣԭܵȻֹ
ҶһץʬץУħϣת۳ħݶݶ֮ٱУú뿪˾󳼸һ·ϳŴ
ϳϣӦפصسʿʱȴǿһˡҶһ·˳Ž֮ϣħԭܵʬˣһ̤ȥϳ֮ϣ˳ݴݶ£ԼĽȥ
ߺ󲻾ãʿʱϳŸһ䷿˳ͨϳŵĸҪ
֪䣬ɫ糯ʱѵڤһ󳼣˻ʳ֮Сʱһԣл¹ٸʥϼݵһʱһأߺꡢꡢꡣ
һˣֻͦȴߵ֮
ˣȨڤĻ¦ǡ
۵¦࣬ڻ¹Ĵӵ£ǰʱ¦ǲżعֹʩһ
μ֣
ֻһ
ƽ¦¦ǵĿЩӣ֮дһ˿⡣̧֣ϴ𲢲ٵЦ⡣
л֡¦ʱͦţʱһڴ󳼲ԣ׶
ҹ˯ò̫ãЩտ˭ʲôϢһ¾񣿡¦һ̫ѨһߴȺ
ﳼʱһ˶һֻƹܵ۶ĹԱŰݷڵأӲˡ
ʲô˼¦΢΢һü
ʥϡǴ󳼲˵ҹ۶֮зһ
¦Сƺõ˵ɣȫÿʱÿ̲˷ȥ𣿵۶Ҳ⣬СС̰Ҫޡ
ǡǡ󳼷׶Ǿ´ԭܣ
ʲô¦͵ػͷǴ󳼡˵˭
´ԭܡ󳼼æش
ɲСˣ¦ҲüͷϲɫȻ˵ӽɱ֮󳼣ⲻҪ췴𣿡
ˡ󳼲˵˷ϳһʬ壬¹˲鿴ȴ˵ʬ
һȫȻɫ䣬ľսŭͽ޷죬򰵲Ц䶯ЧǺԵġ
Ȼ£¦ŭʵ󵨣ϳѵû˰˵ǻǰĵ£һҾټˣôȻˣ˽ʬ˳ϣ
¦ǶǷڵϵĴ󳼣ɫ硣
ʥϣؽҹƴ䲿ǡˡǴӦ
ѹ֡¦üͷ
¦ǵɫøѿˡ
ʥϣʬϳŴʥ϶ᡣ˵
ʥϣһҪ鵽ף¦תͷ¦˵ԭվһҪӣôˣȴѪ׷ѵȻŭ
¦صͷʵܣ±һɡϾؽϲ£ʣҲʡñʶ֦ڡ
л£¦ǹһ
Ҿ²˳١¦˵䲻֮̽£Ҳ˵Ҫʱһֳź˿ʵܣһ˰ɡ·ͬСɣµ۶Ѵ÷зˣڿֻţǿɾͷˡ
ǣ¦зŭʱҲδ룬ʱתߣǵ۶󳼼æһϸֳ
벻¦Ŷͷ̾˰ҷڤôˣʲôŭ£ŵ·ڤⲽأ۶֮ж˸ɱˣɱ͢ˣ񼫣
̾˵˺þãһڴҲҴϣֻܹš
ֱ˵˴Σ¦ǴʱѾ˻ʳǺ¦ֱӣһҲΪ£λұһҪȴһΪµˡˣҶ㽫ϵ
Ҷ㽫ϵʱл¹ٽһȥ
һ֮ʱҳһţ¦һһ۵СۣȫɵۣһȴȻЩʲô漴Ц
֮һϮ۵湫ӻ֮УǰƮȻ°ݡ
Ҷ㣬μʥϣ
ƽ¦洺磬Ц
лʥϡҶ㻺׶
Ҷ㣬ֻһ齫ԶԪӦս֮Уһ֮Ƶ󣬻ɱҾͽڤӢչԪӦ򣬽ҷڤߡ¦࿴Ҷ㣬˵˿Ĳ֮Ӧν㣿
ҶӦ֮¡Ҷ˵ʥϹˡ
ʥϣʱһλ¦һϵĴվ鼤˵ҶԻɱԶ˧ֲӾǲʹ֮˵ĹϵǿͰ
ǰʥϣһλ¦ϵվһʱ䣬˵Ҷ㣬֮ǰйδܶԣôԽͣ
ǰ
ʱһһվ캰أϣ֮Ҫֹ¦ཱҶ㡣
ʥϣʱ֮ȴվ˳ʩ񡣡Ҷ߾֮պգԪӦŷɥڽд󹦣ƽԪӦصǰھݵ㣬ڶϵ㡣˴󹦣ȴ˽ҪʵҪҷڤ
ʱбɵĴվ˳Ҷ֮Ѿ˱޲̣ߵףлʥǣʹڵ֮ࡣ˹ΪƾǿߣӦͣ
ǣ
һɵĴվ˳ΪҶ˵
¦һϵĴ󳼣վһʱ֮ޱȡ
סڣ¦ʱͻȻŭһڤ޵ķڤǵķڤ
һڣȺȴԡ


142 
¦Ŀɨȫñ䣺Ҷ㽫֮£˵Ϊڤ´󹦣ȴ˵Ӻȥ˭Ϊҷڤ˭Ϊ
ʥϣ¦һϵУ׳ŵǰΣҶɱԪ˧ǲʵʹ֮аڲѵĹϵԪ˧ϣǷͨУд飬ʹǷв챻ɱҲֻһ֮ʡ
¦΢΢üĿͶ֮֮꣬ͷһλһͷǴ󳼱ʱվ˳
ڴ˵ϣúͲô˰ɣ˵ţ¦һ񡣡ʥϣڴ˶̰𹫷˽٣ѾʵҪʥϣʥϳ˼
㣡λڴ˳һȷӦλѾһ۱ȥ¦ӹһ飬ʱŭ
£ֱˤ˵ϣˣ£̲ϸϸ飬ʵɱ⣡
ʱһͰźõʿϵݷ˵ץȥһֱԩ¦ݼᶨһû˼
˭ԲҶ֮£¦ʡ
ʥ˼һλ¦ǲ׳ŵӳֻ˵һ仰֮һλվ
ʥϣ֮Ӷе۶޶ռŮλ̼֡ȸǿռլвֳѽ֤ʥϹĿ
˵ţֱһۣ¦࿴Ǵŭٴκ˽¡
ˣ¦һɲǶף¦ҪҶ㣬˭ȥһ
¦ڴˣһȻð죬ͷֵ¦Ǵ˿̲ڳ֮У¦һ˶ȴܵ
¦һϵڳҲɵӣǱΪ۽һСˣôΪ¶ԼΣʱѡ˳Ĭ
˷𣿡¦ʡ
û˳ˡ
෴֮ȴվʥϣҶ㽫߸ķ˲Ųзͣҷڤн˿ΪʥϷǣΪó
ǣһڱɴʱվ˳
ã¦಻ЦҶ⣡
ǡҶǰһ
ԶԪӦй۹ͣΪƽԪ𣬳͢㲦Ϊڵ۶֮˽ƽԪ
лʥ¡Ҷ㸩£һ󡣡
¦󷽵һ֡
ҸҶפرʱԪӦϮСݺҶ˵ҸΪΪƴȫȴøѵɱʵԩ΢ʥּ£ҸһףҶһ
׼ˣ¦صͷҶ֮£ҵʣ˵Ѿ˲Ѿն࣬ȴǻΪ˴󹦣޸Ӧûرǣ֮꣡
ڣ֮ǰ
ԭξ´һְ¦˵εһ£ԸҲҶ
ּ֮깪Ӧ
ҶϤǰս֣˵˵һӦô죿¦ץʱ䣬ʱҶ
Ҷ㳤һ֣ʥϣҽҪ˵ġߣԪӦڤ֮ĻԶԪӦΧֶɽ꣬ʺٽˣԪӦ빥ߣҲɴԶҷ߽ܽĳǳҪ߹ȹ̣ԪӦĪκΡ΢ʥϼɾӣߣͬʱʣʹΪҪ˱߹رɸȹ̡
ã¦һͷ
ɣʱ¦ȴһת۾ͳ˴зһ⣬ڳ
֮ϵ¦࣬Ҳ̲ס΢΢
ʵȥ磬ÿٶȡһһЦԭ֮Ѿˣ
£ܵ۶ĹԱɡ¦䣬Ȼǿѹŭʥϣ˵ոսλ
¦ͷԵ㡣дǵӼȻҪ̲塣
ʥϷģҶᶽǰô¡¦һͷתҶ㡣Ҷүϲ
лүҶ΢΢һ
ƽԪһα⣬ȴԹǰ;ΪԼĲ¦˵
ԼãҶһá
ԪӦڣԭȫƷڤڤʿפԪӦˮβ죬Ҳֻܻڳǳ֮У¦˵ˣȴΪãڹʿԪӦھңһɣҹؽķѴӦʣȴʹ
ȴΪȻҶҡͷߴȻǲԭλӽڷڤҾפ࣬ȴδλսʿˮҷڤפߣ¶ԣɱ߾ղԪӦɧţڽɳΪֱԪӦĵһҪԪӦһֱҷڤΪУҾԴ˳ֱǣʱڹռߺұ߾Ǩƣó߿ɴһսΪ߾ṩʳӦȴĹǿ
һڣ¦뱣һ˲ɶͷгޡ
ʱ¦һλ󳼼æվڤԪӦãȻżСĦ˴šռԪӦȴʹຣĴﰡ
ЦҶϣԪӦΪҵϡ٣Զҷڤ߾вԭյڻҾ޷빥ȡ򣬶Ŵνұ߽жٳǳرԪӦϴ٣жٰձԪӦ°ӣЩ㶼粻ȴ˵ʲôãԵ
Ǵŵһ£ȴӲϻ
һʱվԪӦҹڱ߾ȷʵĦԪӦɱҰգҾҲնԪӦսʿȴǸ֮֡ռԪӦȴǴ˽ʬʹԪӦ˽ڴٽҷڤǧˣ
ֻһ䡪Ǻ˷ԶҶ㿴Ǵ󳼣Ц
⡭Ǵԭأ¦һ¡
һɵȺȴЦһԶ¦鷢ġ
Ȼǻһ¦ϵվ˳Χү˼ַԪӦСʹ䣬䲻ɧұ߾ȴҪռԪӦ򣡡
ô˵ȴƷƨҶЦˡ
񣡡ǴֱţҶ㣬㡭
ƽԪֱ𣿡ҶĿһʱһȥǴ
ƽԪҪʲô¦Ŀһӿ֮䣬ƺŻ˻ΣȺ޲ʧɫ
үѵ˹١Ҷȴ޾ɫݶȻүԪӦ˽ͨﵱ
˵һɺԣǴŵý
ѵǣҶЦʮԶȴ׼ֲܽߵԪٴ֣ôȥʲôʦԶսǱǿպĹҵ˵޴ܣ˵ˣǹĹǿУ˵үɶʮԶԪӦȴȲΪ˹ռԪӦֲΪ߷ֹպԪӦٷָү޴͸ǰָү˽ͨԪӦ
˼Ǵŵ֡
ʲô˼Ҷ㲽ơ
Ǵ󳼺£Զԡ


143 ¦֮ı
¦ǿҶ㣬ɫϱ仯
ʵϲҶ㲻Խˣ˼֮Ҳһʱ䣬ȻҲҲҶ㡣һ켺ߵԶеȴȫУӶˡ
ƫƫưͳԻп˵
ʥϡҶת¦࣬Ƕ򣬽ߣȴԪӦ֪ҷڤ֮ǿٲⷢս¡ʽ֮ԪӦչҾ۵ףҾɹ˿أԪӦ̽ȡʵǹڵǧңߣʷΪ̡
ã¦࿴ƿԵ¦ǣĻ󳩣ɴЦƽԪһ˵ѾˣʮˣƽԪפߣͬʱ߾֧Ԯ˽ǣұ߽
ʥʥһڱɴʱ֮¸ߺ
¦һʵûз֮Կ˵ҲֻøŹȴĲ鲻Ը
ɢ֮¦ǻȥ֮ϼҶһͬ
ģҶ󽫾֮£һϸһҶһס֮˵
ˡҶһ֡
֮䣬ؿ֮˵֮ǰڶĳз£Ӧйذɣϸ˵˵ǻΣ
ǻ岻Ǹ߹Ҷ㽫˵һ飬ֻϧǻճֽڣȴû֤
ʹУƾ⵹¦Ҳܡ֮̾˿Ҫ¦ΪʮһиһߴǾǱ֮֡
ǡҶ㻺ͷ˵Ѿ˽ӦֻҪһʮ֧Ԯ
ã֮һ󼤶ʵǴһʮСҪǽȻӦ֮£ôƹһλҲԮһλǿ߰æʥϵĴƱȹˡ
ûпҶʡ
мλ֧ʥϣ鵹ðˡ֮̾һֻϧȻʱȻԸ̫ºͣʹӳ͢ԼԸһѾγԼð찡
Ҷ΢΢ͷȲƱ⻰Ƶ֮͢Ҳһһ֮ºͿȴ£ͳһľºͿȴýɽҡ
¦Ȼޣȴ丸ֻ֪º͵ͣȻнӹ̯ӣ̻ȨȴһΪȷڤˮ𡣵ĿǰΪֹչȴ
ˣŻʣָͳԼЯֿУʧĻȨ
ͣϢ֮գǷڤȣյ֮ʱҶ㰵š
֮겢У̸۱ɴ֮ʱ¦һؿ첽Уλ󳼡˹ΧߣһλڣүѵǾۿҶΣ
ҶΣ¦Σ¦䡣ΪҿߣһɽİϷ
ү˼ǣһλ󳼾㵶ʡ
ԭʱ߻µλƾ֡¦ǻ˵ǶɱˣԲ֪ζһҹ֢״ȴǱΪĹʯ֮ĹϮ֪УҲҶһԷųĹİʯԭ֮Ϊ
Ҷôӣһλ󳼲ŭȡ
Ȼңǻ־Ͳͬˡ¦ЦûϵܵĻԭһ֣ҶɱԭܣҸֲҵ볯ãʱûӷҶ㣬ͬʱ֮Ϊ´󳼣Ӳߣһʯ֮ƣ
үѾ˼ƽϣһλ佫ʡ
ʮôôģ¦Цȥ߾·;ңԶڷ˻ϣֻҶһ·̫˳ɡ
һ˼ٶԡ
¦һ·ʳ֮⣬صǿȻʹ֮С֮λ뽫ĳҲ֮⣬˳ڹܼһ鷿֮С
үԸɡһλǰһ񡣡Ҫô
ҶʮУҪ졣¦ͳʮ೤һǣҲ֡νߴ磬ֻҪǿ׼λ֣Ҷ㽫ͷ
ߴ磿һλһãȻ
ݣһλ佫ȴǰһ
¦ǻͷʮݿɲСĿ֮ܽһջ٣ӴĶ齫޷ƶ
֧Ԯһλ˵
ʦδݣڹڶأ˵ʥϻôὫʲô˲õ˧𣿡һλ佫Цһұǳ͢ٲظǾһΣ
ûһ佫˵˵Ҳڽ֡оߵһʱ֣ʱǰ߲Ӧ۶ʥϲֻſ޵ķˡ
;սأһλʡ
ȥøһɲҶ㲻ͳˣһλ佫˵ѲҴ᣿ĻЩĹپͿȺ֮ҾͲŵʱŪƽԪλӶýȥ
ãһλһƣһҶɣ
һ󳼴Ц;ʧݣ粽ǰСʱһ޷ʮʳȻ¾жһ𻩱䣬ҶҴݣһҵ
ʮ˶ɢˣҲᡣһλҲЦ
ССҶ㣬ϣүҪ練ƣ
Ҹүԣֻ·һ
¦Ǿţ˵һ֣ȥɡ֮½֪⴫һĳҪϣ佫£ϸϸоˡ
ǣһĳָˣ佫¦ı
ҶʱȴѾص˽Сµ֪ҶϢһڸǿûжٸоܼȴһ洺硪Ҫ֪ΪһƽˣΪүˣݿȫһȻǡˡڽϣȴҲ֮ˡ
ܼŰھףҶȴֻ˰֣һڽ˽鷿֮С
ɵùϲءޱЦ
ûʲôҶҡͷ»֮¡ֻҶڿΪҸѩԩһֵø˵¡
һ¦ǿɵñðɣЧЦʡ
ȻҶ㻺ͷ
źãŦзݡ
ûŵͷǼһҶ
ҲäĿֹۡǧڡʧȥûء¦ǱȻһЩֶԸ㡣
ҶͷزҴŴݶȥΪڳ֮в
أʡӽ£Ǽػ治ʲôֶΣȸʮ֮Σ
¦ǣҪԸڵҡҶͷ˼Ƭ̣۾ȴͻȻһ
ݣ


144 
ݣһ˲⡣
̲ǽ£ʮݣʮ˵ʳƥĲϣʱҩһӴ֡Ҷͣݳ⣬ӵԽӴ󣬳ҲԽ󡣡
ˡЧͻͷʮ˵ݳ⣬ô֧սͻ͡
߽⡣Ŧ˵ʱʮͳ˸鷳⣬¦ǾԿƾ˵㵯
ȫݲͳˣ˵
ֻһ¦һİ취Ч˵ϾһѾ뵽ʩչ벻ıͶǲˡ
ôǾ͸ɡҶ㿴ˣ΢΢һЦ
ΪޱʣһİһСģȫߣԼҲʧݣʱ
ҡҶ㵭һЦ
䣬ӷɿʮתѾϣһӦҲѾ׼ãһ죬¦ıƽԪҶΪ죬פߣͬʱ߾֧ԮߣʹΪԪӦġǡҡ
ʵУʮȻ֪ƽԪӣҲ֪Լ֧Ҫһɾӡ
һ·ҪСġ¦Ҷ㡣̫ңȻʮԣҲɲ棬ҵʥɾûڵ۶ôˡ
ʥϷġҶ΢΢ͷѾ׼
Ǳá¦ͷһЦԪӦڱ֣㶼ܻΪģ²֮ڷڤҲһʧ
ǡҶͷ
ȴ룺ʵڷڤ磬ȴԪӦΪաԪӦڷԶ֮ˣǵˣڤڣȫҷڤˣȴױң
ʮƺƵس¦͵۶ۿһ·ƺƵ򱱶ȥ
ʮСڹƶƺƵȻڤѾޱȣص𣬵ĶܻȴûκһɸΪС
һ·ǰؽӽ˷ڤء
ԽأԽգ·Խѡо֮ʣ齥һ֮󡣶һ죬ɽøҵ·ѣβˣȴǵ֮
ɽ֮УĵӰľ֮䡣紵ּ䣬Ҷ첻ȴֺҶĿ⴩͸Ŀ֮ҶͶǻƶĴ֮С
˵ҶǸţҿҲˡһЦڴյؾȻ֪ضرأֱǲݰһ
ϾǷڤڡһ˵ٷҲԼзɡ
ʵ֮һ˵Ҳǹˣ˷׶֡
ֻߣ˸ڰУֱαװͨıһ˵ΣҶֻޱλƾ֣ȥˡǵĿ겻ǰǺӵأ֮Ѹײڶ֮ƽջ٣ǵĴʤ
һ˵ͷȴʲô£ʵ˱Ѿ㹻Щȴɲء
ҪСˡһ˵үо֮£ɲǽƴɱĸһΧҲ·һߣʮҲС˿˷ſֽţһʱ̼Ҳ޷ȫˡһԷɢԷעһҲǷŻƬ֮䣬ܽݾ١
ҿʱѵڱ㶯ְɡһ˵
ã˱˴˶һۣͬʱͷ
ôұ㷢źŰɡһ˴ǰ˫һ֮䣬ʱһλһɫ׵֮ϣǻΣӿɫĻ磬һײƵĳì
ȴһϵеƻ֮
ʿƮƮطǰ֣̤Уɽϡʿ̧һָѷס׳ìһһɫ棬һ˦䣬㽫һݳϡ
ʱ󳵱ȼڣ
ɱ
һɽʱֺɱ֮һ·ڵɽ֮ϣսʿɲƤڸǵĵѨ˳ݶӳɱ
ѺݵʿǣƺЩͻȻɱսʿɵˣһ󾪻ţȻǶ³ûرƬ֮䣬Ȼ˸ɾ
ʲôʿĿɿڴҶôıĶʲôôûأһ˾ŵȫܹˣ
ô࣬ݣҲ˹һ˳ԼĲǴ
ʱһ߱˵ǹͺһشϣȻԻо۳ֱӽһ󳵵ȼһʱ䣬ضȫȼ
ǳλƾû뵽˳¶ĵЦݣɽȥ
ʱһȴķǾ޴ĺ첻Ա𴦣ȴһȼյݳӣͻȻը޴ıը֮Χը˸ϡãĴŻмȴԶҲڵء
ô£һλƾֲɾ
һ֮󣬺ӶУըըһ춯أЩмڵߣȴһըѪģķѡ
ҩһλƾִЩװǻҩ
ôлҩֻ𣿡һλƾ֮С
ǻҩһۼ⣬ȴԶڵصԼ״졣ǰ߳ײ֮ްֵɢĻ꣬ץסһС򣬳̯ͬơ
飿˲ͬʱ
ҶȻ׼͵ԼȼЩҩѰ·ײʿҧгݵؽµǻҩըޣȴڻҩ֮в飬˱Զ֮ˣҲ䶾ˣ
öģһŭ
һʵڲԶУҶ㻺˫ֶһЦΪڤ񣬲˼ΪΪ츣ȴΪһ˽Ͷ¦ǣ߽սʿȱѹ֮£ˣǲǱ޵£
Ҷ㣡һ˴ǻ޷ӽɱ㣬ȴԼˣԼ
һϣһ˽еֻҪɱǴһ֮ȴѾҪˣɱ
У߳һλһɶߣͷ֮ͭ⣬ͭ׵ľǰȥſֱҶ㵱ͷ䡣
ϵͭͷ񣿡Ҷ㵭ȻһЦкһ֮䣬ֺ߳ħɸߵģʱԷľȥȴ·һ׳һСһ㡣
ħһ֣ʱҲſ֣ͭͷͷݺȥֻһ㽫ͭͷͷȫĳһţ·һͭĴһ㡣
ãǾʿûϵҶȻǿһʱŵɫ԰ס
ӦħһֻѾɨ˹ȥ
Ҷ㣬һУһ˷߳һλ׵ȴϵߡڿУһֹҪҶС


145 ȫ
֮ȭƣÿڻ޷켣ʤս֮ʹʵ֮߸о֡
ҶȴҲƺȫʿĹһ㣬ħûлػ˼һȭͭͷʿȥ
ҲʱһӰӶһ˲䵽ʿߣȴޱѩӰ֮ϣն굶һնֱӽʿͷ­ն
ʿһʱһƬƬɢȻ˲Ҷë
ʱЧŦСǧһɱ˳ЩδҩըʿΧסɱ
ײʿۼͬ˲ͱնɱɾһޱòɱߴ𡣡ޱ㱻˳ΪŮȻ͵Ϯ֮£㱰𣿡
޳Сˣޱһ͵Ϯҷڤ֮ӣΪɣȴұɣҼҪģȴû㲻Ҫģ
ʱħľȭѾͭͷʿǰͭͷʿһֳһλȫ˫۵ֵħһȭɨȴֱӽ÷ˤڵϣħһתֱӽʿץС
ſѣʿʱ׳ìҶ㵱شȥȴΧκ֮ơ
Ҷȴջغħػͷһת֮䣬߻ڣȴսħƾնűǹ׳ìһǹŶԷֱ̹ȥ
ʿûϵҶһĶãͬʱָ֮༱æȫֵ
ʱħȴѾȫսƣеľʿڲҽйѣûüָԼˤȫԮԼѾ⣬ǸոľҲôɢˡ
ת֮䣬Ҷɱˣסһˣ֮֮ͣǿľսȻ˵ҶޱȣʵϲȻֵزֱ·ѾԽƾΪһ㡣
Ȼ֪˱ž֮⣬Ҷǻ˼Ԩ̶֮棬ǵõϹԪõ˱ʯһˮһССʥأҹ֮£ʵѽһ޽ӽĵز
ʱƾһ֮У޵У
ޱԪ֮ҲѸٳɳټʹñʯʥأҶȴǲ¡ʱն굶ӳһŹâ㺮ŮƮڿвס֯¹֮ʮֻĹ֮꣬䣬Ѿײʿú޻֮æӦ㺮ŮĹ֮ʣޱһţ
ɱ˾ʿ֮ҶعͷרĶԸʿսħʱ͵ؽǹ˳ȥһըнԷը˸顣
ʿӦҲ죬ۼͬ˴ԼҲԿҶ㣬о֮ʱתӡһ׳ףƶ漲һ㣬תѾӳɡ
ܣҶһЦ³ħһ㼱ǰתۼ׷ʿ̧һӣצצӰʱӹʿСȣʿһᣬСʱϳأڲҽˤڵϡ
ħһǰ̧һֻǰצ֮ϣצƤ⣬Ӳ
¦Ǳֻĸǰδ̫С˰ɡҶ㿴ʿ
Ҷ㣬㡭ֱˡʿȫǾɫѵѾﵽɣԣϢƾôܡ
ûһֶΣȨµ¦ǶԿޱѩӰ˹һ
¦ǻʲôҶʡ
ֻЩˡʿҧ˵λƾʿнǧþɳսʿɸݵĻѾǴСãû뵽ȻСҶ㣬ѹܴԪӦߡ
ʱƨȴѾˡޱߡ
λһʿ˹֣ԭҲǽˣһ֮Ҳ¥ҲһơͬǽŮķϣүһ档
ǶҾ֮ʱ뵽Ҫһ棿ޱЦ
Ҳ򵥡ҶһͷֻҪд¹ʣ¦ǵУԸָ֤ͥ¦ǣұɷһ·
㡭ʿҶ㣬ð̾һðɣֽ
Ҷħ˺һؿڴȡտԨʯ򿪿ռ䣬ȡһС䣬ȴǱīֽ⡣
ʱʿȻһҧݣһ˫ֳŵһԾʱ񣬷ȫ׳ìޱ̹ȥһì𣬿бʱ֮Ϊ֮Ϣ
ͬʱλ֣߳һҶ˹ȥԼȴתȥ֮һƬƬףǿ籼УԶжȥ
ӣޱһü㺮ŮѾ֣Ʈ֮䣬ǹƾȥҶĿһ䣬ħ֮ȭ䣬Ƭ̼ͽ١
ҲʱһӰȴͻȻһзֱʿ׷ȥߣеʥͻȻ֣һǰ£ʿ롣
ʱۿҪޱ㺮Ůٵ񣬱һɢˡ
Ŧޱǵնʿߣһ
˹ȻŦʱ˷ܵرǰ㵸һնÿƯ
㡭ôﵽԪˣҶҲȻ
ֹҡŦЦˣЧֵҲҪͻˣɱ֮УȴͻȻͻ˼ޡЧһɹ͸˹æȴüҪܣһˡ
ҶӣһЧȴҲɱ˽ܣ̾һ
ϲλޱЦ
Ԫ̫ЧЦܸҶߣҵлϰ񷨣
ԼֵܣҪ˵ЩˡҶһЦ
ʱǧҲ˹Ҷ㱨棺ԷǧǱҩըǱǻɱһ©ȫ
¦ǿǿ˴ˣЧͲɴЦʧôಿ£ս֮ŦһɹŽ˷۱
õҶȴѾտԨʯȴһ㽫籮֮˵ճһ֣뵽бɼæһ죬ȻĿڣĿռչȫװ棿Щյеļٻˣ
¦֪֮һҪը˵ģŦ˵
˲ɸЦ
˵ز˾߰ɡҶ˵Ըӽ·뿪Ҫ֮ء
ǣӦʱսŦϸģλƾֵʬһ飬һЩ弰Ʊ⣬ȴûʲôջȴҲ˽ջ񶼽Ҷ㣬ҶҪ𣬽ЩָЩͨĽʿ
ڽʿһΣյ̣ƤҲûһ͵õЩôһϲ쳣Ҷ뾴֮鲻һ֡
һ˺ܿ뿪Ҷ㴫ָŶӿٶȣƬΣյɽ


146 
ǰУһ·δκΣագ˵Զо֮ҶңԶĶɽʱգ²ʯǷѾ
ȥ￴һɡޱ˵ɫҪϢġ
ȷʵҶͷ֮ǰԶפӪ̣ƽ̹ʺӪӱڴͣ
¦һܲҶޱ˵ҿȥͻ
İɡޱһͷ
Ҷ㽫ն굶̶ŷģԳѩӰӪȥһ·ɽ֮УɽԽ˶ɽ¡
ǽ𣿡ͣɽϹ֮ʣȴʮзԾһľϲ
Ҷϸһ֪ԼеֵܣһЦɽֵأ
ǡͷıæҶ񡣡һһֵܣҶֳ飬ɽҪ
ǴסҶ㻺ͷ֮ˣ
Ѿɳ˵һʯæӦ
죿Ҷϲ⣬ڱغɽں󣬳ѩӰһ·ɽ϶ȥ·֧ɽĶ飬ʺá
һ·ɽϣֿǴȴæµţһĿʯһƬľɵ֮У֮ϰ˼ѡӹʯһɷæ
㣡Ҷ㵽ָҶͥһȥţԶָͬӹͰҲ˹
ôˣҶͥʡ
һʯҶЦ˵⻹кϢǡ
Ϣʣʲô
ѾΪ󽫾ˡҶ˵
ʲôʲôһ
ǰʱʥϽּԶԪӦսей֮Ҷ˵֣֣ŦΪ󽫾ΪʵһЩֻΪ˪ʮҲ򵱳սй˲Ƶķ͡
ּˣҶͥɼ㣬أôĹӦѾ
ܷ⡮ƽԪҶһЦ˴ΣҴʮڸϸߣܻҪ;˵أùǣ˳ѺϢҲǡүүΪûиԶԪӦĴսԵûõʲô͡
ˣԭں䲻ЦˣѾͷȻ˴󽫾⡭Ҳ֪˵ʲôãֻǸ˵Ц
һˣȴ˷ڤĴ󽫾ǡҲ֪˵ʲôãֻǺǺǵЦš
ҶͥȴǼΪһץסҶ˫ۣѾģģ㣬ˣˣҶҵ񣬶Ǵ񣡹ҫ棬ҫ棡飬֪ºҲοˣ
硣Ҷ£׵ԩѾʥʥҲ֮£ҪҶһף
ţ۶з¼˵һ飬Ҷͥͷáãȸ׳ԩѩһ죬Ҷ֮գ㣬Ǹɿ޵ˣҶҵδɾȫˣ
ô˵ǰҶͥļ򣬡ֶͥ˧ţǸš䲻һ˳ᢣ֮ȴ֮¡㿴Ƕô̵ʱ֮ڣһʯȴȫͥжȣָӵ÷
ȷʵҲŵͷһӦأȫҶֵһƶġˣɽ˳˳ˮؽãƷ
Դ㿴ȴԷƱҶҶͥ˵ֵģϽֻҪֵٵλγ²ɣ²˲𣿡
Ҷͥص˵ͷͱˣǺúúһҹףϲ£
ƾͲˡҶһ֣ŴϸΣ˽ӪѾ֮٣ƣǷ˴ɡ¦Ƕǻ·ϱϮǵݡ
°ɣҶͥɽ
˼ͱɱ˼ˡҶһЦĺˡ
뵱ҶԪӦյأ߽һǧɱԪӦǱӣʮ֮ڣ¦ǵıֶΣЦ
㣬õáָһߵĲֿ⡣ѾɹһƷʯǧöһǧٽδãȴҪᡣ
ôࣿҶ΢΢һ
ʲôЦˣȣţһëˡ
ã֣ȱӦ㣬ɽʯҪͼ۸ƹҶ˵һʯ鷳͵ƹȥɡڼǮɰˡ
⡭Ƭ̺󣬵ϥ£֣лҶӣ
ԼˣôʲôҶһЦ
һǧٽʯͶʿӼ˵ҶӲҽ˵ȴرеرӷģһúѺʯؽƣҲһҪȡһüǮܲùⱾ
ҲҵѣԼˣʲôⱾⱾ֮˵ҶһЦһǧٽУֻһǧǮˣٽͽ
ôɣ޴롣
֡Ҷ˵ڼǷڤĽǽƹĽְҪʹһֶʹáңԸ¦ڤӣҲԸҽˣСʲôֻڱǰԣȴҪ͡
Ӧ֮𣡡ӹعһ
áҶһͷߵλҲ֪ʲô£˵Ǳҡܻߣײ뿪
סͬʱͷ
磬үү֣ͽˡҶһ֣ʱȻֻ
㣬ͷİɡҶͥлļ
뵱ʧȥһͷΪʹһ֮䣬һȴ˷츲صı仯ﳼ֮ӣȴ˳дԱҶǷؽɾҶҲΰҵһУֱһһ
Ҷ֪ͥһжҶƴģԼûбı£Ӧȫܵܣܰٳ߸ͷһ
ܺ󣬱ǶԵܵİʹǣʹӵȡ֮ľ޴ƸԽ;ڣԵʣԪӦǿС¦ǶԿ
ֵĿ⽻֮Ужвͬдգ˵Ŀ⻹ǷˡҶλһ֣ѩӰɿɽȥ
ûص˾Ӫ֮Уޱʱӭеʣɽô
ܺáҶͷѾ˳ɣҲһǧٽĳƷ
һǧٽﰡޱһǿɲСĿ·𣿡
ֻǽƹҶ˵û뵽ɽ֮죬ڿȴҪץʱѰʯ·ˡ
⵹¡ޱ˵ǻƺ¥ܽ°áүүҪǰ¡
ȴҪ鷳үүˡҶ˵
鷳ʲôҲүүޱЦˣһƺ¥ܽӵ⣬ôȻҲĺôλҲһȴ˫Ӯ֮֡
ǱáҶ㻺ͷ


147 
ڶɽפһҹڶһٴ̡һ·ҹޣӷţҶĴƽµصţ
ߣȴѾڴľ¦ʥּʱյ˱߾ǣȻ¦յĳǳػΥΪһյĳǳأȴʱɳ񹤣ľʯϣʼߡ
Ҷһ˵ʱܵҵĻӭȽ춼Ѿ֪ҶܷƽԪ֪ߵ죬ӭ˾ǣжӭһڽվ֮⣬һҶ㵽ʱĴ֮´ǰϥʩ
ĩӭƽԪˣ
£һڽȵ
˧λֵܣ𣡡Ҷ첽ǰԼˣǺαأ
ӦõġЦˣɲ֮ǰҶǺүˡ͸ˣǾĹǣûʲô汾µĴ˧Ҳٶżˡ
һڽ첻ɶЦȻҶѾΪүǶҶһѪɳ߹ˣȴֻиУû¼ϼսս
λǳΣλȴǳʶûʲô˵ģֻһ䡪ǴЭһߣҷڤ߾ƽҶ˵
ҷڤ߾ƽڽȭ֣һߺ
ʮܿ챻Ž֮Уʹ߾׳Ҷ㵣ЩսʿδԪӦ˵ıսսãѵʮѵأȴǷǱѰϲ֮£ȴ¦ཫһ֧ԼΪӦòֹ߽
ûڹؼ֮ʱܳΪ֧Ԯ¦һΧ
֮ʮѾȫ֮С֮ǰפش˵صĽʮʿߵؾﵽʮˣʵΪǿʢ
ټϲϱ첢ӹ̵ĳǳأ
һתۣʱȥ£УҶ㽫Ԫؾڸһڽ죬ڿһС˹Զд֮տԨʯ籮ռװشˮԴ֮ע͡󣬽ʯУÿѡ졢٣ýʸȴʹһڽʵ
һ죬ţͻȻһΧİѽţиĽ죬˵ʮڤ˺󣬱Դ˵ͷ۲졣
ǶǰʱͣƺĶ߹ҪĹأֻһ˴ǰǰϹ֣سǽǻƺ¥ˣƽԪһ
λԺ򡣡첢û˱ϻƺ¥ţиһǼϹң۾סһˡ
ҶǱһñ̺ޱһ˳ͷޱһɾϲ쳣æִУôˣ
ԶУһ˺Ц֣ȴ˵
ǲҶһ
ɲҵޱɫ΢΢һ죬֪ΪΣȴүүǵأ
벮ǰɡҶޱ˳ǽԴ򿪳ţһӭ˽˼Ҷޱʩ񣬶ޱĸȴֻǳҶ΢΢֡
λƽԪɣ΢Цʡޱĸףӡ
ޱĸӣʮƤϸˣȳƣţǸܵϵʿϢκ˶ΪһλѧʼҡòףȻѹ꣬һκ˿˶뵽֮ʱһ꣬ѹӡ
ңҶ㼱æһ񣬡СֶҶ㡣
ҪؾһЦԺ󷽶ߣҲӰۣ֮ڱ֮ˣδʵ֮ǰҲңܺáΩˣܽһ֧Ωӵҷڤ߾ƽ
ˡҶЦ
ôˣޱ˹ȥһͶӻ²Ƕүү𣬶ֻ¥𣿡
˵үүΪ˸ùޣΪ˸ŮｹòˣϧֲˡЦҴ˴֮£漰ȴүүǿҲ˭
ޱҶһۣߵú
Ȼһ˲ţ֮ˡӺЦҶ㣬ͷ
롣Ҷ㼱æӵһڻƺ¥ˣԼ츮С
֮룬һУͷү֮ȴˣвڵش֮լѵá
ߵشڤ֮أսҪءҶ㹧СֶڴأΪ˵ıƽסĵطֻҪ©͸ͿˣֻҪίޱһܿࡣ
ãӵͷѹҵô㣬ȷʵһĲſ
һҶ㣬ޱɾ͵
ʱСӭ˳ȻһȻȥ׼㡣
ʵʱҲܷ˽ְ֮ȴѾͬһ㡣Уȴ԰Լǻƺ¥еһѾߣֻźӦ֮¡
ޱĽܣ֪ŮʱݺӲЦȻλźӿ̫ˡ
˵ﻰЦ˵ʲôģǻʵ۵Ĵͣǿɴ˱̣ǰŴС͹үЩܼ°ˡ
ҵ治ϡʲôλС˵ǻʵ۸ۣҲ˵۲Ҫǲǣ
һ˲ɶЦˡ
л˵ˡɫҶֶ˴ȴǴƺ¥̸ġޱû˵̫Ҫ˵һ˵
ǽɣԼˣôнҶ˵һ֮󣬱ٲ˵׻żɽɽһʯѾ֮ʯ󳡣¼һǧٽƷʯ˿Ϊƹӷ֣ԼʯҪͼ۸ƹȻ˿ΪӴһƹǳԲµģֲ֪ν·ֻڲˡ
ôĲҲһ¶ϲ֮ɫã¾ͽƺ¥ɣ㣬ҸѾޱ㣬ʵ˵ﲻͬ⣬ҲΥҸ֮⡣ۼ㱾ˣȴһٸͬ⡣ѾҵŮˣƺ¥ԼҵɣԼ˰£ȴصĻӺ㡣
ֻҪͷˡҶһЦ
һˡӲɿЦޱȴǺҶ
ҲˣͲ˽µˡЦһࡣ㣬˴ҵȥɡҪ֪ʯľɫ빦ЧȻ£ٲòˡʯǱ˳ֻ޴ȴû˵˭дʯȴȥġ
ʵΪʯ̫࣬ԲĳҶȴǿЦһҲѣһһƷʯˣȴװ
ƺ¥Ȼǳһɣȴó⾭һЦԾ볬һɺ£ҲǺ
ʲôǵģһ𣿡ޱ˵
Ц
С񣬾ͷһ˰ɡҶŮ˵һˣҲ죬鷳ˡ
ǣӡŮӦ
ӳ𣺡ã㣬ޱͰȥˡڴѹмҪСģҪԪӦ˵ĵҪ֪ʧһ֮ʹǱ߹ǧ֮ʹ
ǣһ֣ӵһ·ͳţ
˭Ӧˣ͹ҵƤҲ֪ߡޱ˸ףŵҶһۼⷢ
ǲ֪ߣȴ֪ߡҶһЦԼվӣʲôˣ
˭ѽޱһȭҸ


148 ɽ
ת֮һ¹ȥߵĹڽ֮УѾнչѾ߹ģ
ڼ䣬ԪӦһж򣬵Ҷ㲼õΧڼ֮£δȱ֣δǰֱ·װȴţؾԮ֮ʱĲԣѾ֣Ǳ㱻ޱֳҶ˼ѻ⧲±˸ͷٱڤһͨɱ˸䣬Ǳӡ
һսնˣиλƾԪӦǿߣȴһδݡһ󹦡һսУСɱսͻƾ磬ﵽԪСﵽʥ伶ȴһؾ޴ջҶսϱ͢Աй߽з͡
䣬ʮȥڤȴһȫѪ֮˷ɱسǽ裬־Ȼ˪ʮеһˣųš
Ҷʱ鷿飬˪֮һ˻鷿
ô£ǻ飬ȫѪ˺ۣɫһ䡣
ӡһȭ̳ˡ
ʲôҶ΢΢üô£
⵽͵Ϯ˵ͽƹʯδ飬̳սǿУ佫֮ˣԼȴҲˡҷǰţʱ·Ҽװɱɽƭǣ˵ء
ȥҾˣҰһ̾ȥɽҶ㼱æǰǻҽΡ
Ҷ㲻ҵ飬һټŴº󶼸о̬أޱǵҪҵףɾܳ⡣Ҷ磬ȥһ˰ɡ
ҲΪҪҶ˵ȻǰԪӦϮôʱٸĶս£ҲҪСġɣޱʹҶ£ҿغߣԼɽһˡ
Сġޱ
ġҶһͷ̽ޱУޱȴǲӡ
ȥɽֻһˣǿô죿ޱ˵Ҳߣ̰ҲǺõġȻҲġ㲻õǣнʮһڽ죬ԪӦֲ˵ġ
ҲáҶ㻺ͷһʱϸķ֮󣬲ųѩӰȥ
һţѩӰſٶȣŷڤڶȥٶȼʱԪٶȸǱ缲磬ּһӶ֮ʣķܴСҡβݣһҶ
˱УȴǴԼ˸·ʱ䡣Ҷ±Χ±Żĵ˷֣Թɽ֣ȴ΢顣죬һһ˶ɽ£ɰֱɽϣһ·ϵİȴûʲôһ紵ɽо֮ʣæХϵɽ
ɽϻδ֪֮ʣѩӰȴѾҶɽϡʱɽϾٴаڿƣѩӰͣ£˲һҶͥæ㣬ֻһ𣿡
ǰԪӦҲҴ⣬ôҶˡҶѩӰǰ磬ô£
̳ϵ˵ҶͥҶһľڡһŴ֮ϣĿԣ󻺻۾Ҷ㣬
үүҪҶҶ㼱æǰȥְ֮ϣħʱת֮䳤һ˫۽
˺ˣѾȫˣ˷Լˡ̧ҶҶȴһЦӿħ󷨣ֹƬ֮󣬲Žÿ
²ȫˡЦ
ԴЬµأ̾һǲ㣬ϷûΪ㿴öȴ㳤;ңǡ
ô˵Ҷͥæڣүү㣬󻹲֪Ҫжʧ
תҶ㣬˵λƾ֣ʮǰ͵Ϯүүʱ֣ȫֽ˻ˣδȺ̽ҿеʵʱүүѾˣȴƣʵǿļʹȺԲôһȴơүүд󹦰
Ҷ֣صͷһ񡣡үүˣ
˵ﻰ伱æ֡ԼˣͲôˡ
֪Ⱥʲô·Ҷʡ
¦һˡҶͥ˵
ǶϷϳǡ˵Ӧǽˡڲ±ģֻĸһɵĳϡˣ»гǿǰֱʱ
䲻ɫ
ȺҲڸҶͥ˵ҲĴѲ飬Ϊǵʵȴǡʱʹ֪үү֮£ǲ
ҶһͷõЩ֮
УҶͥͷʱүүǵʱúװζܵ
ɴ۾Ҷͥ㡭ʲô
ѩӰҶָָͥ棬Ұ޵ıӾѾ൱˵ã޵ıӸ˵ҵʱ룬ǱסԷζ˵ѩӰҵЩ˲֮
֪ζΣɻʣô죬ζɢˣѩӰ֪֮ζȴҲ޴Ѱ١
ȻҶͥҡͷѩӰٶȣɽתһҲֻҪһѡ֪ζһѲμ죬ǻڸһҵ
ã䲻һİƣͥ˵ģҹȥָֻӵȵı£ƶµͣȴһʶĸ磬Ҷ˶һװ
ˡҶͥһЦú㽫Ǻȡ
棬Ҷ㻽ѩӰ򿪺Ӻһ˺ѵ͵ѩӰǰѩӰúţǵ˵ζסһһѰˡ
ѩӰϸ飬ȻͺһҶ֪ѾΣȥѩӰɱȥ
ѩӰһ·ɳۣڶɽ˸飬ȴûջ񣬽ţɽȥɽתȦҶҲżѩӰֻǶˡɽΧת˸飬ȴһջ
Ϊʱ̫ãѩӰҲҿ϶תһȦȷֻһԼеζ󣬲˳Ǵ׷ȥ
֮һһ˶ɽһɽ֮СѩӰʱҶ֪һѩӰ˵˵ټḧѩӰӽҪļõһҲӲˡ
ѩӰᣬ΢΢ͷʱǼȴԽԽշڳ֮УǰҶϣϢһϢ£
ʱǰʱɫѾϦԶɽ֮ͶһâѾ⴦֮ĿյϣʮΧһȦһּӣɽҰһʱ硣
ȴҪȶãʱһתͷΪһλʮĻߡ
Ż볤üĿӢ֮ˡ
ҶԲݴȴһλ˺ߣʮ꣬ͷ޷üëҲûУ׶
ӦϢƾ֮ʮУλԪʥһ
Կ϶ӦǴеĸ߲㾫Ӣˡ


149 
㼱ʲôǻЦЦʴǼġ
侹ȻѹܳΪ˪ϯϡǹͷü˵һ֮սҶˣȴˣʵ˵á»оڣǲռǾδܼʱԮıˣ뽨ֻܵԮ
ϡһʣ˵˿֮Ҷ㣬͢¦Ƕ޿κεĽɫɱĻ
ҡͷΪƽԪߣְصĻ¦ǾҪʱǻʵ϶Ҳ
ɱǡ
ʲôüߺһⱦɽҲռȵֻһУȻתָһɡɣгʿҶ㻹ǣ
ϣҿֱӽϢЩһɡһ̽ʣ˲Ҳɴ׬һʣûзգ
ƨüһۣһֻ׬ϢǮֵʲô
ֽⱦɽⱦɽ͵ǵġڣһľǱɽϢ֮ǰɽеıȡپȡ٣תһ֮󣬴±ûйϵһʰȫĴƣ
޶ˡ˼æͷ
ҲǸˡһλԪЦôôɣסջʱ˻ƺ¥̸֮£֪ⶫɽ󣿷ɽֵģ֪ﻹô͸ǵĲƸ
һԪϵͷ챣ҪŵֵҪߺˣ
ǵĺԮòһҲ͵ˡü˵ʱɽɽһ֣λϺһЭγܻɱƥ򣿡
ֻҲҪСġ˵ǰգǱһǰ߾ţϼʱ֣˻У˷ڤӣȴҲ֡
ġһλԪ˵ɽ·һֻһҾͺϷͷȥ·ˣǾȥţҲһһ
ãһЦ
Ҷ˸Уһ
˭üʱӦһվתҶ֮ɱ֣ȫӿݡ
ҶѩӰڰУһרŻɱߡѩӰҲֻͷ
ǰҶݶг˳ݴԣԼ갫֮䴩жǰ峺ĿɨˣһЦλơֻǲ֪λⱦɽ֮󣬴һҳһɣ
ʲôˣʡ
ҲãüҲãδ浺μ֮սȴϵҶ㡣⵹Ҷ㣬һЦҲ٣ȴδ֮λһ£ҿʸǺԿ¿ɽ֮¡
ѵĸһɵĹӣüһʱѾӦҶɢƾǿϢҶᣬֻгһЩİп֮ʱﵽ˾磬Ϊ
һɣʱ˵ҶһЦҪ˵ǱɽǷŷۡ˵ˣŵҽȴƽ
λӡδоҶе⣬£Ϣһ֡˵ڰǰԭҲ𽭺ĳһɣֻǺ˲ŵ㣬ȴڱɽ֮У¡Ϸһлܳɽһɽʹ͸һ˸󣬿ɣԽ˲աɽ´Ӣۣȴʶá֪ӡ
Ҷһ֣γƺ
Ϸɽһ֣һָüߡλϯϡ
Ϸֲüһ֡
ֳϣǷѾңҶʡ
ʵ˵ûСɽ˵³ִ٣ǶڵؽơȻˣûʶ֮ˡ
ûҵұóȻ֣ҲϵþˣΧҶ΢һü
ɽֻһЦֻҪסɽҪȻɲҶȡ˵ؾôԶǴѽɽˡ
в˳أҶЦҲʵңʹһϣֱϵҶ֪£ǲ鷳ˣ
õġֲһ֣ıҪһҳһɣ̾ܳɣùüĲˡλӣҿҲԴ⣬һֱǵĻȴֻǣ缰罫˿㣬˵ÿɶԣ
Ҷͷ΢Ц
Ǿ̸̸۰ɣɽ˵
˵Ҷͷҵ˼ǡи㹻ˡ
˵ЦɣֲЦⱦﶼϺõʯֻɽڶǿأ壿Ǽǧųɰɣ
޳⣬Ҳ̸ˡɽЦ
ҲҿڡҶһЦǧ壿˰ɡ
ӿ¡ֲĿһ̸ҪˡҪ֪֮ʹﵽƾ֮ĸúܰɣҪ֪ȴλƾʮλֵܡ
вңҶɫһ
ҡɽһ֣ҼҴֱȴǺõġλӣŰɡʵ˵¼ȻѾ֪ǳǽɱڣֻˡ
ϴЦȴɱиǳв֮⡣
áҶһͷ˵ϣҲֱˡҲǷڤˣԪӦڶϡ
ԪӦˣɽһ漴ҡͷӵòǲ񡣡
зڤѪͳҶ˵
˵ڶϱǷڤƽԪҶشѾһ겻ˣʵ󣿡ֲüԪӦ˿ȴڷڤڣֻǵõҲùɡ
أҶ㵭ЦţĿȴñ
֮ģ˽֮£ֱᡣȻԼӢ۵Ŀ󣬵Ҳ˾Ͷ϶ǽǸɱ֮ˡҶǆôãʵĿġһ֪̽ǵʵ©֮ӳٽϢ£ʱԼ鷳ǿǵǲǸɱ֮ˡ
ʱȺ֪ԼԪӦˣȴ֮£ȴΪǮƶϧ֮˵ˣԿɱ
ϣֲһ
ձ󡣡Ҷ㻺˵ڶȻ䣬ǿִڡ֮ڶҰۣѾͻƼ޳Ϊ֣ڶ¡Ҵ˵Ƿڤ֮أȴӽڵصĽǿҲ޷ﵽ˴ԪӦȴ˵͵λڶϵĻǿѸڷڤֿѸԪӦʱ˫Ӯְ֮
ֲԥɽɽȴâ
˵ĵǲɽҶ㣬ǺЦһú̸̸ĺ֮°ɡ
Ҷ㵭Цţȴɱӿ̧֮䣬һצצӰӣ


150 񱦵
⧲֮£ֲʱצӰ֣㵵צӰδӦӱڲ֮ɢһء

һʱһһԾȫӿ
㣡ɽ־ŭʱһɵſķ
ԭδɱ֮ģΪ˲ƸȻҪѷڤȴòɱ֮Ҷɭ·ſһڣͨ
㵽ʲôˣɽŭһ˫ѪһƬ
ɽˡҶ㻺ԣ򶨣һ˵ľγԱȡ
Ҷ㣿ʱ
ôܳɽһ漴ŭ𡣡Ҷ㣬ñɣ˳ΪӢۣȻд͵Ϯɱ֮£
͵ϮҶʱͲɣǴԪӦ֮ʱͲɣҶЦһٲ˵һ䣬սħһ֮Ѿɳ˲佫һ˶ΧС
з֮䣬ҽЩʥ伶ʿ޷ҶɳԿǿֵ֮㱻նɱмĸԪĳϣȫƴɱֵԷӳ֮ͻơ
ɽȴڴУֱǰ̧һƻʱһλ¶ֳۣӡŵȴǷϵеĺӲ񡣺Ӳһ㽫ӡǰһӡӡϡˮˮʱһ
Ӳʹ귨㼴ʧȴڳг˶˻ƿУֱҶǰſ³һŻҶȥ
ǻޱȣȴսħ֮滹ҪǿҶ֮ǿҲӲֻܳ˿
ǻһգȴڿһתصߣſϣǻԽתԽƬ̺󣬱һСݰСɽһһ𷢳ǻʱһըϯķʱɳɢ
Ҷ㣬ɣɽ۾̤һԾһָһצ޴ĻҶ㣬ԼԾݽߵΣҶһ๥˹
ҶĿ䣬˿Ϊ̧֮ħߣ˫һƣ಻ıΡ˪֮ӿ˹ȥһ½ǻסʹٲǰƶ֡
һ֣սħһֱֻ̧ʧΪ޴ħ֮צץ
һ͵سӿһγ˻֮ɢħ֮צץϣʱ𾱲Ƭ̣ǻ֮㱻ħ֮צץ顣
ʱǻȴҲȻըȫ˸ɾ
Ҷ֮ǿͬѾԶκˣɽȻıƴ൱֮ǿȴզࡣҶ㲻ڻһ˿Ľ֮ġ
Ȼ֮ܵүүͰӣǵһأǰδڣΪȻǾ֮ͨ˵ǰҲǳһɣġҲΪǵĵ㣬֮ʧ˰ɡ
뵽˴Ҷȴɱָսħ˫ͬʱǹȥԼһ˪֮ɽȥ
ɽԳ˾֮ɫһҧ񴦳ȥƴȫƳסһ˱ǹһҲɿɽҪϡ
Ҷһָսħʱǰڶ˱ǹץסڿһšֱַɽ
ɽһȫ˳ȥſڣȴδٴ³Ļ뱬ǹײһʱ̴ǹ봦ըը˸飬ĻǰɽС
ɽҽһڵϣֻ±㲻ٶˡ
Ҷȴһɽһл似֮ǿ˾ȣֻΪɽȷʵǸǿĸ֣ȴû뵽ԼûôȫȻˡ
˵ʵȴҲһ㣬ֻһл似ѡһг֣ȴҲǺľ֮±ɱȴҲǱȻ
ҶȴЩڡ֮ûе֡
ʱλԪĳ϶ŵȫ£ƴȥҶĿһɨֻ˳ȥȴ򶫷Ϸȥ׷ȥ
ӵˣһ֣һӰһǾ֮һȫΪŵ÷ӲʱӰӹȴֻŵþУ޷֮±һצץ˲ӣ˼ڵأ﷢֮
ѩӰҲٿһۣݳּ䣬ϷȥƬ̺׷һӴܵԪϡһĨâ˲䣬֮ͫбһʮ֣͵طȴϢ˵ǳϱ
ʱǳϷӦ󷽲ԣ׹֮ʣȴֻӰһ
ȻԶʧȥ֪
ѩӰһŤӣһᣬ׷˹ȥɱҶ֮ʱȴϵһˣһҶڽ¡
˵ǵԮʱǼ棿Ҷ䡣
ҡ˵ˣܷһǳϲʡ
˵Ҷ϶֮磬ս
ңҾ͡ǳϻҪҶĽѾ²ȥһʱ֮ǳ۵ôҪ֣սħƾճֻ֣ħצֱӴȥסֱֻۡ
ǳϲɼ
˵˵˱Ҷ򶨣ȴʾɱġ
˵˵ǳϴšȵĻ𾢴壬оҪܣȴ̲ס
ԮҹϾܵһʮˣǱžӢǾǾ۽֮ǻϣ
һ·Ҷ׷ʡ
Զ߶ɽߵɽ·ƹɽ˵أǳϽš
֮⣬к֪ɽ֮£Ҷʡ
ûˣûˣǳϽУҲڿջ͵˻ƺ¥˵˽֪ɽ֮£˱и߲㳤ϣ֪ˣλȥһλϣҪʥ伶伶ĸ֣ǱžӢ
Ҷ㻺ͷһ˪֮ʱ˳ǳţʱⶳסǳϵ͸־֮ɫƬ֮󣬱ʲôҲûˡ
Ⱥ˸ΪǮƳڤҶΪọ̈̄йһУҲǡ
ɽ֮أ֪µŰǽ͸¶ȥ
ߣѩӰҶѩӰǵðһˡǵ˴ȴҪ¶ڡ
ѩӰһͷһԻצӣƬ̼ڳһҶֻ̧ȭħʬУѩӰ
ʱһһǽһ˵ʬ񣬶ɽ֮ʱҶ΢ָűȭħʬһ飬һЩյƱ֮⣬Ȼҵһ顣
Ҳ֪ʲôƳɣȴƤӣȻսħĻ𾱻Уȴһ㽹ںۼҲûУҶۿֻдš񱦵䡱ĸ֡
ٷһȻǹ֮ϲ⣬æ֮ҶֽϵϨ𣬳ȥսĺۼŻص˶ɽϡ
һɽʱҵҶͥ
һŵɡҶ˵ʮѾȫɱˣҹ֮ʣʮ˹֧Ԯǣǵô
סҶͥͷ


151 
紵
֮ϣɵĹϥĿԶ޻˼ˡ
һ
һӰϢ·Ƿһ֡ɹӾϣȴûз»ϣı
¡һͳ𣬹žعͷһ۵߿͡
Ҷڴ˵ϳϾ湫Ͼ΢
߿ͣȴ¦ߵλػ顣
ˣϾ΢Ц
ϰվš߿͵˵
¦ǱΣϾ΢ʡ
ӷͬһ㡣߿˵д֮ʱ˲ÿ¡
£Ͼ΢ʡϰӦ֣
߿Ͳ˵ֻĬĬʱϾ΢ɫɴ䣬͵س𣬾þע߿͡
ѵϾ΢ɻʡ
ߡ߿ָָԼʽӵߡ
ߣϾ΢ϸ꣬ȥժ
ժ߿ͻҡͷ߷·ҵһһ㣬ȥһиоͷ·ҵһߣƾȴܷӳ
Ͼ΢ߣй¦ȻĺöôԼã
޷ʹá߿˵
޷ʹãϾ΢һľȡ
֮߿˵Щʱ಻ֱ浺֮ʣ㲻ҳ֡Ҽװ֣ʱȴ·һǽҸ޷ӽмλͳ޶֮ʱ͵Ϯȴس˹ȥסЩˣֵǣ䶯ɱģȴɱУܽЩɱ
ֱϾ΢ȻΣȴ֪ôԼĸܡ
ֱ·йһһ㡣߿ȴ˵˳
Ͼ΢ͷ˿ʶµһƣȴѺ˱¦Ѹ𣬿Ȼ˲õ
ֹˡ߿ͼ˵ԶʮλԪκһˣʥ伶£ֱӽΪԪĿȴֻʮ㹻۷ʥ䣬಻Ϊ֮
Ͼ΢üͷ֮ȴչЦȤȤΩϣĵĳ˼Ȥζϰߣ֮ǰ֮£𣿡
ǡ߿һͷԥƬֿ̣ڣ£һ˵Ϣ֪벻
˭Ͼ΢ʡ
Ҷ㡣߿ʹ
Ҷ㣿Ͼ΢һܳͷȻ㲻
ǡ߿һͷҶ㣬ѾǷڤƽԪ콫ʮطڤ߾
Ͼ΢ȻٴʵﲻƾӦҲܷɣôѵ겻ǸССʿȻʹﵽƾ
ֹˡ߿˵ɱ˲ͬʿ˽´̽һЩϢоƺƾһУѾ޵֡ϵͬޣ񡢾Ҳﵽƾ¦¦Ҳȴû˵֡
ôܣϾ΢쳣ż깤򡭡ҵȷʵΪǸѵõ˲ţ˲ţҲܡ
һ䣬õó뻯߿ͽ˵ս֮ϣ֮ʮϰٵĻ֮Ϊ𺣡
ûôϾ΢üųĻ֮ף͸塭
һΪ±͸һ˲õķ߿͵ͷһ˵ԭȴǷкȴӳ˸ǿҲһֻ¦ҲᲢˡˣڤ¦ǲ£һλʵҲɲˣ־侹Ȼ޳˴˵зһĺ񡣵ĲſȴҲЩҶɱ
Ҷ㡭Ͼ΢зųȤ̫Ȥˣû뵽ȴѾ˿Ტ۵ȲҪһˡ
£ðա߿ҡͷȰʱ֮ҶѾͬաȥѶۣڣǷڤү縺֮Σȴӡ
Ǿ͸ҪһˡϾ΢˵֪֮ţ⼸ҲὫһԲܡҪ֪¦ǸҪһ壬ߵúˣڤڱңʱܳû߲ãֻҪһıµңҲҪλֵܵҶ¦϶Ҿ͸ӦȴȰȰǵĴ¡
±ء߿֪ȰֻǴ׶
ģмƽϡ¦˵ͷңԶԭһ
Ҷ㣬ˡҵҪһɳʲôӢһЦУӿһƥĿ׺ĿƾնһսϢ̤ԭϾ΢һԾϣתۼ֮Զ
һ紵߿͵ӰȴҲʧˡ
ԭϵĳ죬ƺ˵˴Լľ
ȴ
ɫذһԶ𣬵δգȴƲʵס˴롣
ʮӰпٵƶš磬ιɽ֣֦ҶƬ졣һЩޱɵ̹˸۾׼ЩԼ̵ļһ
һֻǮȥйâһȴһֻƾճ֣һؽצ£ǱӵļֱӴϣӱһˤڵϣצץתۼ䣬һλֵͻȻ֣һԴն
ޱŵȫֵűȥ
Ͼ͵ˣһУ·ָǰɽȥתһɽ꣬ľ͵ӪءǼӿٶȣȡһʱڸϵ
ǣ˷׷׵ͷ
ͻȻ䣬һӰԶĺһ˱ҲûһֱˤǰһӰὫסһԵУӰϣûз
龰һĻһĻ󷽷ʮ˱ش󣬶еȴתͷʱӰȴѾʧּ䰵ӰС
ϣ԰˹󷽣ֵôˣ
ǰߴͷ˾ŵظ˹·ȴʲôҲûпɫɱò԰ף͵سϵеĸһԷ󸫣شܡ
һ·ںǿЦϵʡ
һӰԶԱӹʱλ伶ʿһеϡ
Īǹ˼У˾
һӿʣµǾֵγΧһԲ
ҳ𣿡ǳŭһشһ̣
Ըһɭ𣬽ţһλʮͻȻз
һλۣ֣߳дʣһӹ飬ʱһɢߣֻһƬңһʱ䲻˼
Ԫʥ䣡ͷĳϲɾһ
ʱʮֳʯսսʿѾԱɱ䣬ͷʱһأ


152 Ӧ
ת֮䣬ʮ˱ֻʣˣһλϣˣʥ伶ĸ֡
šˣͷǰҲһʱ˲õĳһɡ˹ϰ֮ݺƥСϧյ㣬ұΪѾΪʷȴû뵽Ȼɽ֮躹ޣҪسߣǳɽɽˣȴǲǵˣ֮ȴǾȡ
䣬⣡ǳҧݣͻȻԻȡһֻͲʱȼˣзųһҫ۵ĹʮɸߺϨ𡣡ϾڸͻӦǣ
ǵΰɡЦһǻӦǣڻȪ
ɲǼ䣬߻ƹһ˶ˡ
ҺƴˣǳϴŴ˳ɱչȫҪ
Ƭ̼䣬ȴֻøѪȾɥֵ³
ߣЩСɫϷȫ֮£ǵĻ·俴һʬ壬Цһ
ɲǼһӰɱͣǰȴҶѩӰ
үүΧҶѾˣֻЩˡҶһЦȴһ򾡣ȫ
ҲԳ˵ձ˵Ķغһ
ˣұˡҶһ֣үүұ㲻ؿϣֱӻˡ
ôʲôҪҶȴһ֡
ϵΣѳҶˡ˵Ǳ߲ܳʱ£һ¦֪£ָҵĽڡ
Ҳգȥɣϵġ伱æͷ
лƺ¥үүһмɲҪڲȫ̸֮ۿϵ¡Ҷ˵
ġ˵
СҶ˵ߵķҪǿүүҴƶϸֵƻ˪ʮƹʮʿλǱ⣬һֹǿķ
áͷ
˾ʹ˸ǣ䴦Щʬ壬ɨսҶѩӰһ·߾ȥ;ȴҲһ·£ջصߡˣ֪⼸ղκŰġ
ޱ˶ɽ֮£Ҷ˵˾֮Ȼ֮˲һޱɫȴѿ뿪Ҷ˵磬ε¶ǻƺ¥²Ҵˡ
ȴǲԾ䣬Ҷ硱ĳƺĳˡ硱ů
һ˵ʲôһҶһ硱ḧ֣үүһʼͰңҿҲɲ˽֮ҡֻҪԼ£һҪضܲǡ
ģ¥ʱһ˵ޱæͷ
£Ҷֿʼӽѵڡһ񱦵䡷ڶɽʱһʱȫⲻ⣬ٶѾװʱ㽫佻䣬һʵرɽҪԼôʯãʵԼҲɷġ
֮ԼһԪеħ֮ͨĥϰһ߽֮ڸʵͬʱԼֲǧѧϰ֮ȴæúܡ
ͬʱҶֽЧͺŦɵ˶ɽǱЭˣһҲֵƻһڸ벿ڰ˱ʯˮʵȴͻͽҶ֮ͥ󣬾Ȼͻʥ伫ޣﵽԪһ
תʱ䣬Ҵҹȥ
һҹҶޱһĵ֮ҪϢȴУɱˣԪӦѸٽӽԪ˧ѾָӸλ÷ˡ
ΪǾʹ˲ءޱһЦȴֳҹǰǡãԽǵϾԽԪӦպÿԸӡ
ûбҶʡ
ڿСУ˵ԷһֻҲû㣬Ȼҹɫ͵Ϯ
綫׼ҶԸһУʱȥˡ
֮ԪӦӽţһؾͷ˹ȻõϢķڤؾȴѾһ׼һӴʱüݹǵԪӦѪķ
Ҷޱڳͷ·ҹɫӿԪӦʿ΢΢ü
ĹǷռˡҶ˵ȴǰ̣ʲô
ҲֻΪһݰָӰɡޱ˵
Ҷȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ҲʱȴͻȻȻһ죬˾㵼ףȴһ𣬾Ȼ츮λá
ǻһ𣬳ԪӦĹƱͣһԪӦ˷·ҪƵǰǳϵļҲ޷סǡ
ãԲۣȻе˻˳У϶ҪӦϣǸ
ҪҶһ֣˻Ҳֻһλ֡ޱԪ˧һסǽȥ
˵ţȥ;¹âһħƾճ֣סǰƽغ츮ȥ
磬ԼСģޱĵضҶֻǻ֣ѾԶ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶѾ츮⣬ֻѾǻ죬еķݶȼüͷһ壬ǧڵĺԺȥ
Ժǧһ˴սʮģɫ䣬üŻ£һɫ멣жˮһλڴֱֳۣ֦ƮȻǧο񹥣ʼ˲
ʦ˿ҶһѳħԾڿ֮ʱһ̧֡
սħʱߣԻ˿֯˱ǹ֮ƴεֱӡ
ԱǹɶݣæˣǧûæҶߡ
һﲻ򵥣ǧһѺҵķչʥжԿ¾ͱˡķǻ񣬷ǻ䷨񷢳ҪСġ
ʱ˱ǹѾȺӵơ֮ʱֻ̧еı֦֦֮ϵҶʱɢһѰѷĵһǹײ֮ȻķѣȴҲ˱ǹ
ȻҲܣһͣһ˫۷亮ⶢסҶ㣺Ҷɣ
ǡҶǰҲǷڤˣΪԪӦԼҵҪ
ҹʲôڤԪӦһеұһΪ顣ЦҶ㣬ʵ˵ɣҾԪӦӦɱ㣡
ɱңҶһüԪӦţ򣬾ֻΪɱң
ˣûл㵥ԡ͸һĨҶ㣬۵үɱʮءϧ߸ƣ̫֮࣬Ҳֻ˵ԪӦˣһж֪ԪӦҲǺǣлɱ㣬ǲںʧʿġ
㾿ʲôˣҶɱʵ


153 Ԫ
үǵ浺֮ʱִһɵĳϣ˶Ҷ㡣
浺ҶһЦѵŵˣ
Цұս۹֮ӣս㵱浺ϴɳϣţʧȥ˶籮Ļᣬɱ㣬Żкڽߣ
͹ԪӦڤ߹أҶ䣬纮̹ǡ
ĸ߹٣Ȼҹƽһսս˵ʮ۱Ҫɱ㣬ȻҲҵ൱ѡԪӦһڲٲ˰ɣҶ㣬Ϊľǵõ㹫ƽһսĻᣡ
Ϊνİ˽𣬲ϧ棬ȴ˵ֱ׳սҶ㿴ŶԷɱ·һʴԷȴսͷһ
սħһǰ͵ػӳʱʧΪ޴ħ֮צսݺץȥ
˶սΪ֮Ϣɫһ䡣
һΪҶȫʩΪ˿̼ʶħ֮צ֪ǲҶһֻһѾԼֵ֮Ѫڣ˼ޱߵһצֵΣ
Ҷ㣬ȻӣڱүǰûãһͻȻ˫һ˲䣬һâҫ𣬲סƬ̼㻯һס
ʽӣǰ֣ͷſγɻ磬ͷǰġ⡢⡢ϥǴͷ­֮֮ףȴʮֻס
һսߵͻȻ˼֣սҲһ䣬Щű˿ѱϵϢҲͻȻӿ𣬱Цǰսħǿһצһȭֱ
ȭ缤ߵʱ֦ʱ֮Ҷ絶ɾ𣬷תȻħ֮צһײҶٲϼתƬ̹ͽħ֮צ˺һӰ
ʲô
ҶĿ⼯֮ϣʱ۴ֱԭҰħ֮б仯ʶķڤ֣ȴǡԪס
Ϲŷ
ҶֻϼѾԶԶһƾʿ֮ȴƺڶç֮мơ
ѵⷨȻʿ֮ﵽ
˼
йâ䣬սⱻ޼
һ·ƾʱ޴Σ֮ͦȴ츲صı仯Ԫ̼ǿбʯṩʥأʵȴԶԶԽνƾ۷壬Ѿ޽ӽ
˵ƾѾ޵УҲΩ볬һսս
ĳԲ֮ĸ߷壬ĵ˽֣δ֪֮һսȴֲһս֮ʣȴս
Ϊƾ÷ӳ֮ߣӣȴȻǷȱ
˼Ҷ㳤Хһһźݺ̤ħУһ̤սͷݺݲȥ
СսЦţޱţһվȭ죬е֦𣬻Ϊһֱײ˪㡣˲ڰײ֮
˪ڰձײ飬ǾҲ۶ϣһС֦ػΪ֦ɻС
սͷȻұƽ֣Ҷ㣬㵱˵ãһС㣡һ꣡
̧̧֣һ٣ϣȭͻȻǰ֮ϡʱһ̹ƶıϡʱ͸̹âҶһʱٵˣ˼ǹնڿб֯һ籩Ҷȥ
ΣһУҶ˫ƣħ˪֮ӿеסǹڿнƴɱһǹѣһڿƽϢɢ
ǹ֮δ֮ʣսȴѾһԾ𣬺˫һ٣һСʹҶͷݺ
ɣ
˱ȡҶһЦЦ
˵֮䣬͵ɸߵĺħȭݺݴǾ֮ϣʱ֮жϡħһֻȭͷȻ֮ڿеսȥ
֣֮ս⣬һȣǰʱӰңȴ˿ٵر֯һ־޶ܡǶܼȴҺ֣ͬħȭͷϣȻ˲ͻʮأһʱѾ˥ȭѾ֮ȴʣء
Ȼסһսȴоæһ֮ϣԶȥڵ档
Ҫ֪ʱӳĿ൱ڳǿߵȻһ͵סħһȭҶʵ֮ѿáɲ⡱ˡ
ôôսҶ㣬Ѿһ˿⡣
ôˣȻһ漴ҧ
ŴүǽҪ̳иλŵǿߣҶʮʱʹﵽƾ깮̣Ѿƾе֡ټϱ֮Ԫ֮ǳǿߣҲ֮һսҶʲô
˶Ȼǿ֮ĩټһȡ
Уâսһ˫չʱ·һ˫˫صһ𣬴һԾӭźħȥ
Ҷ㣬һһ壡
ХУսһƴһΪһ壬ɢޱߵı̹â·һɫһ㻮ҹգֱײħ
֮Ҷȭħʱȭ䣬սȭâײһ
޴ײУΧĿռ䶼Ŷһصɢǧоŷơ֮Уæȥͬʱ֮ȫΪԼֵŰȻӵԶ
ʲôЦȵŽսеˣﻹƾֵĶԾֱǳƴսֱˣ㡭
ȴ֪˵ʲôˣֻ㣬ܽ˻ܣֻ²ƾһȫ޵֣ڳУҲһˣ
ֳУħȭͷȻѺۣһһ߽⡣ս͸ޱߵĿ֮ɫЦҶ㣬ڳǰҲһֻССϰˣɣ
Ц֮䣬ȭħһֻ첲ʱ÷飡
ҲδءҶ鵭Ȼ˿֮ɫһؿڣħǰտԨʯУʱտԨʯռ䣬һץ㽫ն굶ץ˳һӣʮֻĹʱڿпٵ۳һֻ޴Ĺ
һֻ̽뻳Уȡ˳һ֮䣬֮ݺ߱֯һС
һ̷̧֣ͷԽתԽת֮䣬ЩСһ޴֮
һôô෨ȫǰҪѺħһٻ飬ٽҶҲ÷սһĻɾһ
һ˿ҡ


154 
һӳĹʱڿУ֮צҫ֮âĿս壬ȴڽ
սһȫǰƽһĹüͷʱҶѾץָԭ״С¥һ֮սȥ
Ϊ˵ңսһȫ͵̹âıͻȻ͸ǰȥƶһ̹֮͵ײ˺ħУһ±㽫ħ˸顣
ǹƲڱƶ֮֮ײһ´ϡ
ɲ֮䣬սӲһо˳űԼڣҪԼ仯һӡɴʧɫѵǴ˵е̣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ䣬սħߣһֱ̧ųɳս֮һС
ССҲǰŪսޱ磬ͻȻâʱһλ쳤һŲĻ飬ȴǷһϵеĻ
һл鴵˿漴֮ڵϡʱǻ鱬һĻֱۻನɳɢ
ʱ֮ͻȻһ±ѿϰС򣬷׷ɿУө裬ԲͬǶսȥ
ҶħԾȥʧȥǰı̹
ӵͬǰӷħϣһλþɳʿһ㣬ֱսһնȥ
ʱϨսջҶӵһŭһҶһâ֮ΪҶҶֱи
ȻһŸ߳ҶѾһЦħһתȴһԶȥն굶һӶȴУʹҶսĽһ˸ա
ʱǾĹȴ֪ؽսһ塣ɲǼ䣬ս㱻ԭҰ֮Уȴʧȥ˶Ŀ
֮УƴǿŬҪĹѣǾĹޱȣƴȫȴҲǿ䵯֮ҪʱȴԼܵˡ
˲䣬սָ˶ĿƣһָħԼ˫ȭʣѾµԼȻ
֣֮սѾ֮зȫֵһѾˣħѾֶδͣȻ˹ܻϢֱӽб飬ٴսϡ
Ǵ˵лһͷų˵ȻоԪױսǱúɶһʱ䣬ѪڣѣдڵѪӿˤڵ֮ʱȴҲûˡ
ʱĹȴڶڣץԭҰ֮Уΰڵϡ
ҶǰսǰѾʧȥ־սһЦҵģɹֲҡ
һ̧֣ħǰץսҪϵľԪײͬսһ㣬αħʹС
ҶһЦն굶һӼ䣬ĹսԭҰ֮צսѼϻս巢һҽС
ԪҶͨĹڼȵʹ֮£սȴֻɢĵ
Ҷ㣬ңԸԪ㣡
ãĹҶұ㲻ֻҲܱȥҵտԨʯסһӰɣ
ֻҪɱұáսæӦ
ĹҶ֮£սɿʹʱ塣ս˿ѾޱȣûоĹӣҲƲֻʵɢǾԪʱâսڿһȴγһƴĹӼƬ
Ҷֽ֮ץУħħ֮ȴܽռݣ澹Ȼһ˿ֿ֮Ҷ㲻ٴμǿħǵֿ֮Ҳ֮ʼ޷ס
ҶҪϸѯսһȵϢȴٶüͷһ壬ʱԾĹסստԨʯռ䣬ս籮ɵС֮С
ת֮䣬һƥŻϢĿȼŵĸֱۡǰϣһλӢĹӷһ֣ǿ㻯ΪһϢС
Ҷ֣겻㾹ȻѾΪ˸֣
֣Ҷ湫ӣ¶ȵĿ⡣
ߣϾ΢
Ҷ㼱æһħ񣬽ն굶ҲͶտԨʯռ֮Уǰ΢Ц֣֣겻㻹統һ㣬Ӣ˲
Ͼ΢ǰһ֣ȴ˺ܶ࣬ǸССʿĸ֡ҵ֪ŴүսԪӦϢӿֻȴҶ㽫սˣ
ּЦˡҶ㵭һЦҲŬټż˲ٱһ·ֱϣﵽƾһսʵҲһ㣬ֻǷҲг֮޳֮Žҽ֮¡
ңϾ΢ҡͷг߶սԼȴңο㻹ã
Ȳ˵ЩˡҶ˵ԪӦֿȤҽ֮ˣ
룡Ͼ΢ͷһЦָԶ
Ҷһ֣ħʱ֣ǽȥϾ΢䣬Ŀ׺Ŀٴγ֣ϣ׷ȥٶ֮죬ƶ֮Ȼħ
Ƭ̼䣬˱һһ˳ǽؾ䲻ʶϾ΢Ҷ಻赲Ҷ˳ǽ
Ȼһλƾ֣˶һϸ£ȴʶϾ΢ޱӭϾ΢һۣҶ㣺ô
ŴүԪӦˣҪӦϡҶ˵ѱ¡λϾ΢ǶԿԪӦ
λµ𣿡Ͼ΢һ񡣡Ͼ΢Ҷֵѡ
¡ޱػ񡣡͵ˡ
һʩȰѳЩԪӦʰ˰ɡϾ΢һ˵ţһ̧ʱ߳һλϣʥһֳһŻɽͼͼԵֱ·һС硣
ͼϾ΢ɲǼ䣬㽫еͼһӣʱȫȼŻ棬սʿƾնԳųԾȥײԪӦǾУѪһԪӦսʿ֧顣
ҶҲսħߣ˲ɳȴһλԪӦСз׷֮䣬ԪӦ˲ҽвֹƬ̾ͱим
󣡡ޱӣһ⻯ΪҲһƬԪӦסйݺᣬɽӶһԪӦʿʱС
ͬʱ֣ʱ˱Ұ
Ҷ𣺡ԪӦţڤսѱãԮʧڼ
һԪӦһɾĶ


155 Ѫ
˴ԪӦӶģλƾĸ֡սͬȴֻС
սǽˣսսսӣû˻׷ΣҲû˭ԼԪӦĴȴָͬΣȴ⡣ж繦δȱָӶңǾ
ˣţһȴٲõĻƾǱƻ֮¡
ӲӲشȥԪӦһۼ޹ûӦҲֻաһս϶ش˼գԪӦһʧ˽Ҳֻó
䳷֮ʣ·Ҷȹ̣δɱ׷ԷԷˣʱʤٳ˰̡
սȴǴһҶȻҪ۹౨͢Ϊ͡
ս½æս֮£ҶʱϾ΢ϸı֡ڳ¥֮УѾ̸ƺǳ̸ްȴԲ˽ҶûаԼϸ˵Ͼ΢Ҳﺬֻ˵˸š
ʵﶼףԷǶԼɵģȴѡ
Ҷ֣´ο޿֮ʣϾ΢ȴ˵¡
´ƣҶһЦҶĳܱڤһƽԸѵó̫ˣݲӦǵġ
ȻϾ΢ҡͷ಻һǣãã֮䣬Ҳǲ׺һڡɷ䣬߲һһ֮أӦǹأʥޱ档Ļ򲻹㣬ҵխ
ôҶԸһխķˡҶһЦٱ
Ҷ⻰ԲˡϾ΢ҡͷĲŻǳ۳ڵӢۣƫһ硣
ô֮أҶ㷴ʡ
·˵˵ȥΪȨȡϾ΢ƺڵҶһʣһ֮ʱ٩٩̸ڤȨ䣬ȨУλүָԸݣԲŻҡǻȨ̣ķͨڳķȻǿʢȻ㣬ҲͲдʱĵ֮棬಻пš
⻰ǲҶ㻺ͷҶĳţȴҲ¡
ŶϾ΢ȤҶѵҲȨ֮ģ
ȨơҶҡͷߡ󣬲ǹͳһ񰲾ӣСҶˣԩѩҪһһСԸȴɨм鵳
ô˵ҶǱɣϾ΢ʡ
Ҷ̹Ȼϡ
벻ҶᣬȴϾ΢ҡͷЦ
ظҶ˵ȥ漴ҲһЦҲǶԻȨңֻķڤʥϣȻȷʵЩãܵ˵ȴ;ԸΪѩ߽ƽҲˣҲŻԸͶ£ضȨ
ҶˡϾ΢ͷҶҲ˵ˣ¦ȷʵãջȨ¦ǣʱһȻֵڶ¦ǡ
ֵ˼أҶϾ΢лɴֱʡ
λӦе߾֮Ͼ΢˵ʱϹŴԵ·ڣȴ֮ԡϹŴȷʵ͵£֮ķҪȴǡͳڶʹǿв£ܺķη峼¡ϵĺ˶ˣôǶܳΪ͵ۣ
ҶһЦ˵ƼһλӵС͵ˣ
ǡϾ΢ͷ
ˣҶʡ
ӣ¦Ͼ΢˵
ҶþעӶԷȴ˵
֪֮Щ϶Ͼ΢һЦνһɽݶ˲õһȻײҶ롪ȡڤҶ֮𣿡
Ҷ㿴һԲ
ȻܡϾ΢ˡôҶ־ֻѡһͶҶѡ¦࣬ˡֱԣȴʺջȨ෴¦ؼĴˣǿܵУһӵ飬һǿԸγһ
ǿߣְɣҶῪڣϾ΢Ļ漴һЦ˵ˣ֣
ΣֵϾ΢ĬˡһԲþעҶ㡣
Ҷ֣ǲѣκͻȻʡ
֮䡣Ҷ˵֮飬Լļ䣬Ը̸£ҲսȻȻЯ֣£ҷڤʹôֻ㵶
˶Ǿ֮ˣ˵ϣȴѾ˵ȥˡ
Ͼ΢ףҶһʼ֪Լ£֪ԼһϵжĿʲôǾԼģΪװĲһ˵ٻ󣬶ڤзڤˡ
ڤΪߣҶĵˡ
ҶѾ֪עҪΪڤ֮еġ
Ͼ΢̾˿վ𵱳֮ʱ龰˵Ļ
ʱôһ˿ڡ
Ҷ֣ûȤдһƽ·ֿһͺһ塣
áҶվʱпֱˡվʸд裬ʵ֮ҡ˼׺ɣ仯޶ˣʵ˸пΣ꣬ļ䡣֮ػ
ǲʲôϾ΢ҡͷԭʲô˲õķֻǵвű˲Ƕѡ
ɡҶһָ¡
Ҷ֣ҿԳ¦˵͡Ͼ΢Դһϣ
ҶûлشѾħħԾ¡ħֱ£צڳǽϱȴ̤ͬƽأۿҪǽʱһԾڵ档
Ͼ΢̾˿ӿ߳һֻ룬뱳ϣ˳ųǽȥͻȻβ˿ճסǽһȣϾ΢ֱ׹ȥۼҪײϵ֮ʱ˿һȴסơ
Ͼ΢£Ǿɢ
ҶϾ΢λѵѣҲǺ档ڶҰԳ׽Ȼ׽סݶߣɼҲһ֡
ʶһչ鲻СϾ΢ĿҶ㣬ڡһΪͼҵķϷ޼䣬Ҳᶯ
ȻҲն굶Ĺ̡Ҷ˵
ɡϾ΢΢΢ͷ˵룬ȴһ֡߿ռ΢΢һλѪ׵ĸߴĿ䣬֮ѪɢϢ
һϵΪѪ˵УƹѪѪרѹͷǰɱǿߡս֮ءѪ߲ض֣ɢϢһս̱ж
ʵΪж֮һߣѰһˡߣм츳ǿ־ɱϳߡ
֮ɱ񣬱ס
ֻƾҶǰϾ΢ǲֻһ湫ӣһۣעҪµˡ
Ͼ΢лЦ⣬˼ʣȴñޱȡ̧֣Ѫı񣬱Ҷ㡣
ɲ֮䣬ҶֻţһʱǰҲ
֮УһѪӰɰ


156 ͼ
ԭҰ֮УħǵĹâһ˲䣬Ҷ˫۱㿴͸һѪɫĻֻǰѪԼ
սѪѪޣҲһԭ
Ҷɫսħ˲ߣ˫һ̧䣬˿֯˱ǹѪֱ̡
Ͼ΢ͷѪϵĳѪʱӿһѪˣлһ˳ǹ
Ѫɫǹļ棬׼ȷ뱬ǹ֮ײһ𣬿ʱһ󽻻̶֮졣˳ǹֱԣھ֮κһ
˵ĿҲңңԣκһδԷеĺ⣬ʹԼĿҡˣ·ɽȼߣԶ겻
ͬʱڴȣ˲Լͬһײ֮£ٿȻֿҶ̧֣սħǹڿһûһ»Ͼ΢ȥ
Ͼ΢Ŀˮ̧һܣѪѪǹ𣬽һ»飬Ҳǹ
Ҷתսħ豬ǹ֮ڿлԲ͵˳Ͼ΢ŷȥϾ΢˫ǰһѪһ֮䣬ѪǹȴͻȻѪҺӿһֻش
ԷıǹѪһǰشû𣬴ڱǹϣȻǹշ
Ǵٶ̫죬ǹը֮ʱȴѾɿУĽ֮ʣȴû˵Ͼ΢ֺ
ѪȴǰشսħŴȥ
Ҷ벽ˣּ䣬սħұʧΪ޴ħ֮צԽѪϾ΢
ܾ˵Ĵ򷨣Ͼ΢ҡͷɲŵս
һѪʱعеĴһ»һѪˮȭ𣬻ΪһֻѪ֮ȭħ֮צϡʱѪĽڣһȭһײ֮ͬھ
ܾˣҶЦˡ֣̫˽ҵսˡ
˵ţ𣬿ʱħԾ֮ߣڿ֮ʣҶ̧͵һ̤ħʱߣʹ̤Ǳ˪£Ͼ΢ͷϲ䡣
񣿡Ͼ΢ٴҡͷѪ˫չѪѪӿ˳Ϊһһ޸Ѫ˫ֳָ͵һԾ𣬴ڿлӳѪ֮Σʱ˪նơ
ڴʱȭħѾǱжһ˫ȭѪС
ȭ֮ѪѪȴӿΪһף౩ȭѪأϵȭӡһʧ㽫һӣűȭħնȥ
ʱսħȴѾַ̧֣ųɳѪϾ΢СϾ΢üͷ壬ѪǰʱջԼߡǾ޸Ѫ˸ֶΪ˫Ѫ˫ֽҵѪ֮󣬽ȫն顣
Ͼ΢̤ǰѪ˫裬Ϊǰ·Ƭ̼ͻɳ档һ߳磬رαӿۼҪû
Ͼ΢ĿأԭվȣѪȫѪ֮â˫໯ΪѪУ͵طȴ·ǵѪͻ˵زӿײһһʱ䣬Ѫ˻Ľ
оȻʵ൱
һʧڿ֮ʣϾ΢Ŀȴ͵һ䡣ΪӦڲԶһƺܻصţͬѾʼĻɽһ㣬Ҫ緢
֣һСϡ
һХ֮УֻȭȻȭϵħһγһѪħһֱϾ΢ײ
Ͼ΢ɫʱ䣬ԥһŹͼӭһչͬʱϵһԾеͼһϾ΢еĹͼغһ
ɲ֮䣬֮糱𣬿ʱѺ۵ɽħϣ˲佫һɽ顣
Ͼ΢ȴѷԾһƥͼзɳ׺սɿԶ
УɽƾԼֵ֮ϡһɽ屻ݻ٣һɽٴγ֣ڣǽܴԶħɽĥ
֣˵ò÷𣿡ҶԶֶߣսħħȭħսħħսħͦɽ
ҶˣҶˣϾ΢Ҷ㣬ͷ֮Ǳɫָһ
ҶҲһħ񣬵һЦֶʲô
㷽Ÿܾ˵Ĵ򷨡Ͼ΢˵ȫͬڳˣȻз֮ܣһ֮λȴר־ָһλʱһ޶֮಻˶ۿۡ˵ʿսʿǽ
ֹˡҶһЦֻ˶ΪȴҲȱ˸󡣡
ȴȱ˸档Ͼ΢˵ǻѰƾʿֻġ㳵ִսǵȫľ֮ʱУ㽻֣ͬʱλƾǿ߽֣̫Կˡ
ΪԼΥŵԶ𣿡ҶЦʡ
ˡϾ΢ȴЦʹͼȴֻΪ˱
֣˵Ҽǵ֮飬ҲһỹҶ˵ѵһд֮ʱɱ֣
ҶǴˣ໰˵̫סϾ΢Цš
ҶҲЦ
˶Ƭ̣Ͼ΢ȳ̾һ
Ҷ֣֮£˼˼ϿҡҾǵܣһǿߣսϱ
һգҲ޷ҶȻǷڤˣҵְڣˣǿʢҲΡ˵γͻ֮ʱҲΩһս֣ڣڤֻΣǴҡ
ˣ˵档Ͼ΢Цˣһ֡Ҷ֣ʹ˸ǡպ֮ʱ˵ǾҪಫˡ
ԸһҶһ֣Ϊڣȴ˽භ֮ʱȫ֣
ҲˡϾ΢صͷ߳ƥ׺սԾϣҶһۣʱȥת֮ѵԶ֮ʧߡ
磬ô
ʱޱŴСű˳еѯҶ㡣
Ȼû¡Ҷҡҡͷ֣ԶֻΪʵѾƾһȫ޵֣ȴ֪죬ˣӢ۲ֻǲ׺һڡ
ҲȻޱԶߣϾ΢ʧ֮Ӣͬǿȴֻм˶ѡϾ΢˵һ
˵ţתҶ㣬޵ǵ˵磬ղȴŵҲᡣǵԣȴԹ壬üסϾ΢д裬д֮ɱ㰡
δʱұ֪Ҷ㵭һЦ
֪˼ޱʡ
ֺγҶ̾Ϣһϧ˭Ҳκβ˭
ͺáޱһټ֮ʱɲҪ顣
˵֮ұػҶݡ


157 Ԫ
ޱҶ˵ٶ䣬ҶȴЦˡ
Ҳظ֮ˣġ
һ䣬ޱˡҶһ·λ֮ʱմȨ֮ʣʲô
ȴǸ˷ĵٶ༸ַĵˡ
ߡҶޱڶȥʱֻæȴûüоһԪס
÷ŪǴ£ޱæͷ
Ԫ׿ʹƾǿߣӳѵõıŪ÷ҶԺĳǿһ̳гĸҪҲһƴ֮
ҶԭľѾջ٣ʱؽ֮УᵽһԺоס˻صµľһ֮СҶ㽫ЯһöƬȡ˳ħȴûʲôӦ
ټǿԣޱʡ
ԹҶҡͷμӴʼһͬǿԿ
ƴϼӣޱ뿪Ц˵
ټӣҲ󲻹ɣҶһЦ
Ԫ˷ӳٿԴﵽǸԿ³ǳ˭Ҳ޷ƻǹԱ֮
Ҳ԰ɡޱӹǼƬͬ˵ֿ֮زϴȴҲҶһ繦δ
ǼƬһִĳǳأؾȫסţ۹ηǽȥ
ˣޱ콫ƬҶ㡣
ǻҪԭ˸ǽ⽲⡣ҶȡտԨʯռ򿪣ڲ籮ռ֮Уŵս˳ڴ롣
սϵˣҶ˸߰˰ˣĹÿǱԭҰ֮Уצиʹ֮֮£ȴ޷塣
ʱҶƾĹ岿ַſʹܿ壬ȴ޷ж
Ҷ㣬֣սҶ㣬ݺݵ˵
ҪӲҶƽһǴ¡֪£ȻķӡҪԣ
Ҫʲô˵ɡս˸ºʵһϵӡ
Ԫ׾ʹãҶʡ
ʹãսҶ㣬κЦ㲻սˣȴ̸ʲôʹþԪףǿЦ
ֻս˲ſʹޱһ
ٰ֪֮սмһЦ
ϻޱһЩһɸ߸ϣŸǳǸƲͬһ°㣬˽ǣ˵ǻʲô˼
Ҳ޷սҶ㣬ֻ˵֮Ҫҡ
ʹþԪףҲ޷Ҷ㻺ͷ
ҵǸ˵ˡսͷ漴һЦʹþԪףµǲס
˵ޱһ
һһһֱսƣԪеһ֮ҲսļҴ֮ս˵˱Ѿ澡֮ã֮֡ഫսǰ˽ɳĮ֮׷ɱһλǿУȴطһޡ֮һϹżżһϹźǰ֮㽫˾ԪסԪϹ޵ϢѪÿһšҲսˣԻԼ֮Ѫ֮ڣഫѾսһѪɷָսˣʹá
Ȼˣޱһü磬˱ȴԵˡ
ںѪԾֻܹһ֮ʹ𣿡Ҷ΢΢ͷ˼
Ҷ㣬ܷңҵָһ·սʱͻȻڡ
˼а취Ƴޱæʡ
սͷ
Ҷֻ˵һ֡
ȥҵµѪ֮ѪƳսѪ֮ս˵
Ѫޱһ
˵浱֮Уսһս˵޺ȻѾͨޣ۷ڣȴҲǼΪǿˣûżϸѰҿ˵żлбϹҲ˵
ʱѾ˽꣬ʲôҲˡޱ˵Լûȥ̽Ѱ
ȥս˵ȥ޺ڣʵǿҵҲǡ
ǡޱһ޺Ȼֹһֻ漴üǾͲðˣǿ߶ȥȥ
Ҳ䵥Ҳ˵սٺһЦҸǳˣͿԼǷǸºˡҶ㣬Էң
˵һǼٻδ֪Ҷ㵭Ȼ˵˭֪㲻ں˵ƭңģҶĳ˵綤޻ڸġǵɳĮȥֻҪ֮Уұߡ
һΪսйâ
һ֣ҶĹٴνսԭҰʹʧأտԨʯ籮ռС
磬ҪȥޱʡܾôΣ塣
Ȼ塣ҶһЦսΪ˱ҲܽôҪ˵ǡȻ˵ˣ˵ôϸǰȥȻʲôֶνҳ
ŪǼƬżðҲֵһۡϹ磬ֽңԶ̫ǿڣлӴͱزܷŹ
ǡޱЩԥ
壬֮գ֮աҶ˵ֻ֮ҪССģӦɱ⣻֮ա
һЦǾҪӦˡȷʵգҲȷðյļֵҵ֮Ϊ㲻ñȫ˾ˡܺùֻﺦǣȴȥһһż
ҲáޱһͷǱСģ£²ΪǧǿΪ֮
ȥĻֻһǰȥҶ˵Ҫߡɽ˵ҲֻҵҡǮȴҸڣʧҽʧȥһС
һȥޱɽ
ʲôҶһЦ֮ʱǿҪȡҲǺúûڣΪǿеǿߣޱҪġ˵Ѿ˵ˣµġģ֪Ǵż֮ƣܵãòҲǿһΪѩΪ񱣽أ
Ҳáޱ֪ԼҲȰҶ㣬ֻõͷ
ҶһЦֵͷǼƬԲĵؽħУȴܵսѪ֮赲
Ϊ֪赲ԼʲôҲͶһ̽뷨һӴ֮ʣŷֳһԭҰ֮Уħ֮УһħħƬ֮УǶԿ࿹
߸һӴħʱԾƺԻһ㡣ţħ֮оȻޱħֱ˳ҶƶǼƬħ֮С
ף
Ҷ㲻һ


158 ɳĮų
ƬȻԽԭҰħ֮磬Ҷһܿ뵽˵
ʱҲǽԭҰȻ󾭹ħ֮ħ״ӵ˳ܵǿ
ħ֮еħ񽫾ԪҲи죿
Ȼ˼֮ʣƬѾħ֮Сħ֮ʱӿħħתۼͽƬһħײϵغϣըüƬϻĽ
ôˣޱƬͻȻҶʧҶɫ죬ɹѯʡ
ڵħ֮ҪԪסҶ˵ڼƬѾħ֮磬ħ׵ĺֻܾȴˡ
ޱâĵڴ
Ȼһȴ֮ãڵڰϣƬħ׺֮£ڲǵֿ֮˶ҡͻȻʧ
ʱҶڳͷѲӣһæޱ¥һУ𴦣ǼƬֱӷɳħ֮ԭҰʵ֮УΪһâҶϣתۼ˾Ԫס
Ԫףޱɾһڱɹ𣿡
ӦǰɡҶ˵֮ǰҲǱħ֮ħ״֮ӵ˸ǿħ֮ħ׺ôãӦáԣ
΢һüϸӦžԪеƬ̺Цһû뵽ħ֮羹ȻҲû취һħ׺ֻʱѹķҴʹþԪ׵Ƿ̻Ḵա
Ҳ˵ֻʱʹþԪףޱʡ
ǵġҶͷҹħ׺ʹһΣ
ӦҲױȵġޱ˵
Ҿ͸аյɳĮһСҶ˵ʱʲô޻ҿȫˡ
ҲҪСĲǡޱ̲ס
˾ԪףҶаȫһرϣڶߵĲϸİţνޱ֮ѩӰ뿪ţ
һ·뿪ԪӦڤ϶ȥ棬˷ڤϷһƬޱ嫺Ե
һƬɳ磬ҶвɸпޱɳĮֲأ֮Уȴһ硣ҿһƣͦĺɴԵľǱе棬صЫӡ
ɳĮʹΪأʹɳĮֻ棬Ѷ֮ȴҲȫɳĮ飬ʹַԵֵȥȴǽǽ
ħ֮һ㡣
̲ס̧ͷգ룺֮⣬޾򣬱ʥڡʥУһأǷƶɳĮһ㣿Ե֣ʥȴмҲԸǰ
ʥпǷЦ
ҡҡͷЩһԣޱߵɳĮ
λıΪһ鷲ˣⷲຣ֮Ӧ˼֮£ɷ֮١һŭʥȥʥߵɣ
һ̧֣տԨʯĿռ䣬籮ռս˳þĹ֮ѩӰϺҶĹͷţһָǰսѾɳĮԵָ·ɡ
ҪԪʱҡս˵ֻдϾԪףҲܸӦ޵ľ巽λ
ˣУҶɫһ
ҡսæҡͷܴϾԪףҲɴ¸Ӧķλ
޷ʹþԪףҶ㵭һЦ䣬ħ֮еļƬʱڶΪâϣƬ̼γ˾Ԫס
ôܣսɵɴ۾Ǿ㵲⡣
սͨǱԪս˵־֮Ҷ˵˵أֻΪ̽Ѱضѡģ浽żûʲô度ңȻߡ
˵ϣ̧ͷоӦ˰Σȴһ񣬲΢΢ü
ѵԪֻܴսϣſɸӦλãҶͷս
ԭҲ֪սֻʵʵ˵ΪԪ״δս֮ߴ˵ʵҲδ˵ֻҸ˵ҪžԪףܸӦλáڿҪôҽԪ׸ҴϣҪôҪôɴˡ
Ҳ治ҶЦȫʢ֮ʱԪףһشѵ
ٶ䣬Ԫ׻˼ƬֱУ֮սϣˣʲôʱɱ㡣
ҡҡսæҡͷҶٶĹͷ䲿֮սʱԪ״ϣ׷ҶָžĹֽסʹսԲжֻͷԶ
սߺ֮⣬漴ָֻƽ۸ӦһԶȥ
ҶһָѩӰʱɳĮȥ
һ·ϣսָŷҶѩӰɳĮתۼʮ졣ʮ֮УҶᵽɳĮ֮Ͽᣬк籮ռտԨʯȱȴҲûʲôࡪռ֮װ˳ˮʳкʵƤ졣
챼ɫʱѩӰһɳ֮£ҶȥȴһĹųżǹų类ɳʴòӣֻϡǽ벿ַݵ
֮أʱȻס˴𣿡Ҷ㲻ɸ̾ʱҲˮݷ֮ڰɡ±׺ɣ֮ɳĮϹ֮ʱ֪䲻Ǵ󺣣
ãԭ޶սҲɸ̾ң֮ǰǸ߸ϵĴүȴĽ
ҵġҶ㵭һЦ㲻ңڵĴү
սҧҧ޺޵˵޳Ҳûʲô˵ġ˶٣˵ųż޾ͲԶˡս֮ʱԵҹڹųϢɣֳɵķᣬȴֵܵɳĮɳ
ҶһͷѩӰ˹ų֮У֮ǰڹųһȻһʵĴݽУϱ죬ù֮ս·ŻտԨʯУѩӰһͬϢˡ
֪»ǼžĹų֮У˷紵ɳ죬ޱּž֮УȴһϸС漴۳ԽԽ졣ڰ˯֮еѩӰ͵ؾѣķᣬҲŬڲ쳣͵
Ҷʱѣ֪˵飬ʱ춪տԨʯռ֮У档
ʱ֮ԽԽ죬˷ֻһݴۣ·ǧҶѩӰɱһ㡣
ʲôҶĿɨķȴֻ˵ĽֵżѩӰȴܣϷͳ
ҶһüѩӰϣʲôҺûͻƵΧ
һһǣʱɢ˿ҵϢ·Ǻҹ֮вϽӽĵս


159 Ы
ѩӰһݣʱԾǹݶϣӸʱԴ
ֻų֮УѹѹسһȺµȫڣƤƽȴһĺɫ⻬׿ǣ֮Σͷǰ޳ݷЫββҫâҺǾ綾峤ߣСһ纣ȴгǧֻ֮࣬糱һӿ˹
ҶɱþɳӿĹ֮ҲͨѩӰ㵵صɴ۾˸¡
ЩЫʱ̧ͷסݶϵһһǣȴֻǿ߶֮ǽͬƽأתۼ˳ǽϣҶ
ܱǰΧˡҶһ֣ʱϰٻ̽ȥʱ·һƬ𺣡ЩЫиͷСģڻͷһߣԿɢϨ
ЩЫܼһһһֻǿЫɢʱԽΧһƬͬ࣬Щ̽սչ۷磬ȴֻһְɱʮֻЫȫϨ
Ҷ㲻һüȴԭһȺޡЩöԸ
˵һѩӰѩӰʱطԶһݶ˹ȥݶϵЫʱ˸գһµЫȴȿֺ
޼Ⱥսȴࡣ֮սУкη֮ʿۼͬòңҲᾪ¡Щȫǻֻۣ֪ǰ̣ȴǿ¡Ҷ㲻ɰԵͷܽշս֮ϣȴǼΪǿĹᲿӰ
䣬ȴҪɱЩЫޣѩӰѩӰ༯ȺӣȴࡣȼɭϣֹȷȫȺ֮һλŮڡܷ˳ǵϢҵǳѨڣץǵŮǴһ
ѩӰĿȫڣ˫۽仯ΪʮۣƴҲֱȫйͬʱȴǼƬ̺һݶȥ˲֮䣬˹ųһߵĽ֮ϡ
Хһ͵һԾ£һһ׹һڵϣʱΧ֮ڵЫҵ÷ˤԶһת嵽ǽ룬צ٣ȴ
ɲǼ䣬ЫȺЩ˻еǵж֤ǵķŭ뾪֡ȿֺ߳ǿֱӲ̤ߵ壬һеؼ·Ҫʲôһ㡣
Ҷ۾һʱ£վƱ֮ǰס糱Ыޡ
Ы޳ȺҶۿԼ᲻ý֮ɱ˼һת֮㻽˺ħ
ħǾ޴һ֣㵲סƱڣһһǽ㽫ڷ˸ʵ糱ЫޣħֱۺɨȴֲþȫʱһƬƬЫɨú˳ȥǰһƬյء
ǰߵЫ޸ձɨ󷽵ַɱħȴòϵػɨֱۡʹˣвЫ޳嵽˽ǰҪƹС
ҶҲֻٻȭħħס˺ħ࣬׺ЫޣȻۣҲַֻ֮ɱ
һߣҶȫֵЫ֮һߣѩӰڵض롣ǵضԽԽѩӰ£ҶһŶеһ赲Ы֮ȴԶսΪƣ
˷սãȴͻȻһҶһͻȻѩӰΣҪ֪ѩӰԪЫŮȴ֪ʲôǸѩӰڵϤֻ֮ѩӰҪԿһüʱָħ˶Уһ·¶ȥ
ħԼߣԿҶȴֻƾħ֮ĸӦָӣȴǼѡħ£Ҷȴ˵ʲôҲ޷֪·ȫ֪Ӧħȥδӡ
ʱԭҰ֮ħȴͻȻ˹âһһע뵽һȴע뵽ħ֮С˲ħĸйٱҶĸйͨħһһͼʱԭҰ֮УҶ㽫һԭҰʱͼ
δϵħǻ;ϲ쳣⣬ֻ˱ħָ뱩ȭħħһԿЫޣֳԭҰй۲Ǳ仯ͼָħڵضзƶ
˷֮£ȴ뾫񣬵ԽˣԽר֮ЧȴǶˡ
֮Ҷָħ£ȴһ޴ĵص״֮С֮ڣϰЫӿѩӰභڶڣһֻ˶ЫŮǰ벿Ыһ޶벿ûм׿ǣֻľ޴󸹲ɣ䶯ţȥЩġ
ŮɢһƾǿߵǿϢҲɢϢȴս
ѩӰභЫ֮УȴһֻƾЫʵǿֻΪ棬ѩӰͬ˵ǻۣսʽ򵥣ѩӰˣתΪڣЫȺлʮֻʥ伶ЫѩӰȴʼ޷ӽǰвŮ
Ҷʱ󶯣ħ⣬ǰײֻЫȽѩӰ֮ΧЫǿߴȺЫѩӰ֪طɱУȴתۼ͵ЫŮߣצסЫŮԴһХ
ʱȺЫѾħΧסһֻֻԳ˺ҧԶ̻ħħγɣ飬ȴ޾Щˡ
ѩӰХЫȺʱֹͣ˶ħĹȴתѩӰѩӰצ¶һâŮһ̣ŮʱҵЫȺøΪ񣬲һеس
Ҷ㲻üͷ壬룺ЩЫôŮİΣŮҲ֣ôη
ţȴͻȻһ漴ԳЦ
Ҷ㰡Ҷ㣬һʱôͿˣЩЫȻޣԶֻгӰǻۣŮҲһ㣬ô֪ΪڵУ
ҲܱԼշЫȺΪԼˣ
뵽ȴٲ֣ʱָħڳѨڴɱ䣬ѩӰͬʱҲսħ֤ȭħսħһ֣ΧԼЫɱһһ
ֱѩӰħı»ص棬ҶϣḧȴһʱͿȴվǶԲס´ұ֤ٷĴˣǱȺһʱˣߣ
ѩӰХһʱɱϴһݺײЫȺСҶָһħһɱܿɱһѪ·ǹųżɳĮŵﰲȫش
ңԶһƬųżҶ㲻ҡͷЦĵҵμǴ˳ǣμǴ˵֮ʧΪ䡣
һһٴǰУѰһʺ֮ͣ˹һҹ
ڶһ磬Ҷ㽫ս˳һ仰ǣΪЩЫޣ˵𣿡


160 þ֮
սһʲôЫޣ
ֱˣһ߿һۡҶ䡣Ȼ֪ųżȻӦҲ֪µЫȺ
սһ˼֪¼װ֪ƭҶ㣬ǼæͣҲֻҸ˵뵱ʱǵ֮ʱûзǵټ˵ǵĳѾתơı죬ҾûѵҲʧԡ
֮ңʹ̡Ҷ㵭һЦտԨʯռ֮ڣˣҪԶУܼĥȴҰٱ
ս˲ɴ£˵ҡҶȴԼ䲢£ƺ̡
֪սҲ޹Բ̸£ֻٽԪΪϣҪӦָ֮޷λȥ
֮ʱҶһߴɳǰȥԼʮ֮⣬һƬԴޣһƬޱ߻ɳ֮Уȴ·һöıʯһҫۡ
ˡսޣͷ
ˡҶһЦȫˣȻߡ
˵ţԪսϰȴստԨʯռڣѩӰֱ޶ȥ
ˣʲôΣգսҪһǵʲô壬սѣҪҶһ׹УҶֻ磬ȴԾȣսֻܲһҪʲô֮գս㲻ò
սҲͨҶ⣬޵ֱҧȴҲ޷
ѩӰޱȥҶ򷢶й٣ӦΧ仯ͬʱҲѩӰٶȣҪСΧһ·Уȴƽ£ؽӽޡ
ۿҪޱԵ֮ʣΧȴͻȻо޴ޱȵɳƽض𣬽ţؿѣɳͬˮһӿѷ֮УѩӰһģЩҲɳѷ졣
Ҷ㲻ɴ󾪣ΣյĿܣֻȴδ뵽ֻ罫Ҫ𣬾κǿ߿Ϊ֮ſ
ҪţһѩӰסѩӰȫɱȥΧ𶯣ʯƵضȴסѩӰǰ·ѩӰվȣʱڵϣҪʱȴɳһѷȥ
֮УѩӰƴȴˤڵأ£ۼҪ׹¡
ҶһʱħλɵıħһŲɳУסѩӰֱһƽɳ֮ϣڴʱ´ȴ˿޴ĺħȻֱ׹ȥ
ãҶ㰵һʱջħҪħջڣħѾع飬ħȴ׹ȥҽֱ֮ѷ֮Уֱɳ
ˣ
Ҷؿɳѷ죬ɴ
ͻȻ䣬ʶﲻԣʱѩӰϵսֻ۾Ц⣬ȴȫη塣
ԣԣ
Ҷ΢΢üѾо졣
дش䣬սΪβ壿
һ֮䣬ȴΧؼѣǽ뵽ԭҰ֮Сֱӷɵħ֮ǰǴڹӦϢ
ħڣ
ʱҵһ
ô˵ҿ׹ѷ֮еľȴǻѡôµĵѣӦҲֻһֻֻ̫ʵȴѩӰʧжѡ
뵽˴һ̧ͷһħǣɶӭħǶȥһ֮ħ֮УħǱʱâ󶯣ҫ
˲䣬ҶһƬĸйҲָʱķȥȴֻػԭأɳ֮ǰɳҲǰԶ˿δֻѩӰȴɳģ·Ǻ˾һ㣬ԼҲҡβֹ·ҡضʵδȴֻԼ
ѹҶһһѩӰһħѩӰڣҲȥħ֮⣬ʱѩӰѾһվ㵵ܣ˦˦ͷ
սʱǱĿһĨЦݡȻȴȻǳǻ֮С
йŹ֡Ҷǰ΢΢üڿս֮ԸҵĲЫޣޱ֪ػ󣬹ǰȴҪ֮в԰ΣֱһҲŶԡԣʲôַ֪֮ͨˣȻȥ
뵽˴Цһȴ֪ħػħ֮ջҲɵξЩЩѩӰߣȥأ˸ϵ˵ѾɳĮ
ѩӰХһʱǰɱȥ
ԽȴԽԶѩӰ֮䣬æ򣬵ȴˣ֮佥ľȻڻص˵ʱң޵ɳ֮ϡ
ȴô£Ҷ㲻һѵڻ֮У
ʱħָ֮ѩӰǰȥһΣȴǱֱǰؽӽޡڵޱԵҶΪԼѾħ֮Ƴ˻֮ʱѩӰȴԽԽԶתۼֵһң޵ɳ֮ϡ
ǹ£
Ҷ㲻üͷ壬ٴħ֮
ٴγ֮£ȴ֮ǰһ޶
ս⵽ô£Ҷȣһħ֮սڣʹսرѵĻ
սۣ˿ܣҶ㣬ͷȻҸ˵ֻгǿܿĻ󣬲ȴˡϲϲްɡ
ޣҶһһأȴ޷ȥαУʼղܽӽޡս⾿ô£
⡭սҶ㣬װһȻҾͲ֪ˡ
֪벻֪Ҷ㿴ҵɵˣұɱ˵
սæУӦңҵ֮ߣѾǰܷԼ£ȴ޹ء㵱ŵԷ߲Ŷԡ
ҵ˵ֻҪ֮УұߣˣҶʡ
Ȼˡսֱ׳
ʣǷѾ֮УҶЦñ䡣
⡭սû˵ˡ
սٸҴ⡣Ҷ㻺˵ҶĳþӣȻмСоӦĻ£ѭ겻ϲġҪΪظ֮ģ
Ҷ㣬Ҳҡս֪˵ˣҲ֪ʵͲ͸ǰʵҪ㡣Ǹɴлֱ˵ɡҾͺһģþұ㽫оԪ׶㣬պҲ鷳㲻ܽѣҪңԪٻ
ΪҲ֪ʱ䣬õиָ㣿ҶһЦ
սɫһ䡣
ҲӦԼҶ˵ΪҿóԼҲûб¿ѳþѳҲֻԼ֮ģҾͲþסң
ãսһҧǾͿ˭Цɣ
ҶһҲȴѩӰת·ȥҪԶޣ֮ȴ޾ȻͻȻֳǰԼȴֻ֮ң
߲ȥġսЦ
δأҶѩӰ۾ֱӳ뵽ԭҰ֮С
ħǸǿϽӽħǡ


161 һα
ת֮䣬ʱҴҶ
Ҷֻɳ֮ϣһֻ֮ʱȡˮʳָѩӰսԡ
һһ佫Ͻӽħǣͼܵõħ֮֮ȴѾ˼Ѿȫħ֮ϡ
ߣֻħ֮϶ѡ
ʱѽ磬ҵĶԼת۱Ҫˡ죬սȴͻȻڣǵ⡣Ҳʵ˵ˡżʵҲǿĽ˼ɵãԭ֮Ļþ˻þʵһ㣬ر֮һʹ֮ԺĵѶʧþУýѡֻþػޣȴʹκ˶޷롣þӳȴûпܡ
˵ҲѲµҶƽгߣͻƶɣ
սһǵ˵ͷܴϾԪףôҲпܿʹþԪ׵ǴӦ
ô죬ȴһ˵ܣΪ֪֮˵ұҲֻһɣҶ㵭ԣȴսɫһ䡣
ùˡս䡣
ʵ˵ɣµͻþҶ㵭һЦ
ţսЦȻˣΪβ뿪
ҪþѹҵĳһѣҶһЦ䣬ԭҰȴѾȫħ֮ϣ˲õħȫĹâһâֱӴڣȴһۣһۿ͸ĸо
ɲǼ䣬ʵеҶۣһâΧĿռʱҵĶŻһѣΧľһ䣬ȴ˾ޱԵʮԶһɳ
ҶеĹâʧս΢΢һЦлˣҵ˻þ֮ðգһܱԼǿ
㣡ս˵ȴŶܡ
Ҷһ仰δ˵꣬ȴҲǷΧʲôԣͻȻӦԭҰеı仯
ħȫâ˻þ֮ʣħ֮ȴҲһ˿ǻ֮֮С߲ϢͻȻĳһֽΪһȴʹһʱͬһҫۣʵһ
ȴҶõ񱦵䡷֮Ķĵá
ô˱䣬ȴδޣ֪ԼħͨԪͨԼվڳˣԪֻͣҲֻԼ÷ȴ޷
˼ʣħ֮ȴʹһĵñøΪҶ㼸һ˲ͨһʱԭҰһħ𶯣ĹâħзƬ֮䣬ȴһɫľħзڶʱԭҰϿա
һʱ䣬ħ֮ħ״󶯣ϣʹԹԵؽſ˵ħħͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ħħ֮⾹Ȼˡ񱦵䡷ȴ֮ħ
Ӧħ֮Уħڣֻǡ񱦵䡷ͨӿʹѶѡ
ĺ£
Ҷ㲻һϲʱħԭҰ֮찿ߣһζε似ĵã㻺Ҷ֮Уã·ǰѾħ֮һ㡣
ϸĦЩգһΣϢȴȻ֮Уæع壬͵ط
ѩӰɶ֮ʣѩӰѩӰĸӦȴͬʱԾԶ
ǹֱɨѩӰ壬Ҷд󾪣غæǰѩӰ壬ҪΪʩħ󷨣ϸһѩӰȴǱץһƤ⡣
ʱҶԭվģһλòսΪƵߡ߿ȥʮͷף棬¶һλеʣһӭɳĮ֮磬ȴǶҲʯһ㡣
һ¾ûˡʱѩӰϵսʱߣᡣֻһ˺ȴ˸оƤ
áս΢΢üдһ˿ŭ⡣˭㲻ҵԴ˾Ԫ뿪ȥɱҶ㣿һСѵɡ
Ҷңߣʡ
Ϸս۹ء΢΢ͷƽԪȻӢۣȻƵ޻þϷԹ޳ȴشųϣҶ˳𲻹졣ЩδɱҶһ档Ҷң߰ɡ
ս۹ƽ·ѾƱ仯ԼС
ҶλǿߣĿûһ˿η塣ʼҪӱηôԡ
սǴ֮ˡҶ㵭ȻͬЦ֪Ž֮أܴþ֮ȡ˾Ԫףȴ֪սǷ񶼿̣
ԪãҲΪƾʿˡս۹صȻƽԪϲҲ޲ɣպڳ֮͢ʣƽԪֻҪϳæá˵Ž֮£Ҳ޷ƽԪ֪˴˭˵˵߾ߵĵطĮ֮УֻҪƽԪ˵˱޴֪
һ֮ˣҶ㲻ЦȻħ֮һɫڷƽþ֮ʱ˶һαı죬Ϊ㽫һжһ£
йâ˸ս۹أȴǿһֽ֮⣬͸ǹ⣬ȴԼӦʵġ
ս۹ĿʱһЦƽԪȻı£ѹƾ֮ƿþ֮áã
˵á֣ÿ˵һ֣Ŀͺһ֣˵֮ʣͻȻԣ׶һеı֦ʱҶ֮ڿһҶϮ
Ҷ֮˲ɽһ½ҶҶԼαӣҲӳҶ֮һĸо
ָоͬǾɽǰֱѹӵٿ죬Ҳ޷ӳɽѹ֮Χһ㡣
޿ӣǱ㲻ӣҲҿһĽΣ
ҶĿ磬һƳ䣬ѳ֡˲䣬ħǰ˫ȭһգʱޱߵħ
񣿡ս۹ɳ֮ϹһЦ޴֮Ԩ֮ҶһָͷԵֵȫһ
˵ţһָڿһ¡
ֻһ㣬Ҷ֮͵ؿһתҶݺ
ϣ
һ֮УҶħȭֻȭŻħȻʱһѪħħӿɣײҶ֮ͷʱҶ֮ͷ­ƿ
ףս۹صв͸һĨȵɫ漴һ
СС;ʹﵽƾһٷƽԪȻͨɫҶδþԪ֮ʽ£жԿԪ׵ı£ȴСˡ


162 ħ
Ѫħ𣬺ȻҶ֮ɵľǰˣ֧飬Ρ
վֻƾս۹ͳһ̧һ֮䣬ʣµİҶӣȴͻȻڰһתһСҶ֮ٴҶ
ҶһҲҴ⡣
ǰĶ֣ǳһɵվ˵ǿߡ֮ǿȫԼ֮ϣԼ֮ǰֵ֮ڶҰ֮ϡ
һУҶóһУһзȴҲֻܽԷĹһ룬ԷǿѼ
ۼҶ֮£ҶҲֻ˫ȭʣҪٴһϡ
ֻһȴҪһʱ䣬ִ֮ȴΪǿ
ĿһѩӰȴѾ⣬ʱɱǰվһ
ս۹صһ䣬Ŀг˷ŭСȻҶвң
ʹһҶȻ˲ᣬսǷڣǿɾ֮ˡ
˵˵ŭŭȴǵóҶһȷʵԼЧҲֻýһӣҶ֮͵غӶԶ˸ȦѰһ򲻵ѩӰĽǶȣҶȥ
ʱҶȴҲѾ˫ȭѪħںʱҶ֮˸顣
ǹټˣ¹Ȼɣս۹һ
ɣҶ㵭ȻЦ浺˶ڶӺң㲻㱰ɣΪ漼ұ߱ȴԪӦйᣬҷڤ֮߹أ㲻㱰ɣңˣͼ֮հң㲻㱰ɣǿҲ֪ٱȴɱڼٻƭң㲻㱰ɣ
һ˵ս۹ԶԣֻЦһСɱ㣬㵽ǰٳѿ֮ɣ˵Ҳһٵڴȴãұ㽫ɱڴˣҲûаô
νϱ塣ҶһЦҲû㽲ʲôֻǼʵںͿ̲סָһ¶ѡ
˼ս۹ɢһɱ⣬̧֮䣬е֦͵һ׶𣬽ţȴͻȻʧ֦ڿлһ̵ֱȣֱս۹صС
Ҷ㲻Ŀһݣ֪Ҫȫˡ
ƾһǽΪͥԼףʹ֮˳һȴһںΪһ֮ʱȴٲֱӽΣ֮䣬֮
ȴǷ·ʥ伶ߣ֮ʱһ㡣ʥ伶ǲܻǿȴǽԼΪһ壬ûҪٷҪγ˼Ϊӹ档
ս۹ط𻽳⹥Ҷ㣬ȴԽһǿҶ㡣ʱȴҪȫԸ
ȫԸ龰
ҶЩǣЩ˷ܡ
ǿһսǲĶ
⣬ڿƣȫԸ
ս۹ؽУĿҶ㣬ϢҲøǰһɳҶԽˣԽܸҶ޴ѹѹԸ֮ʱҶٳܲס
ֱӱѹѹסʱһ֮ҲսȫܸԷ
֣
һǰҶĿž̧֮䣬սħߣʱɳֱӽս۹ذС
ССҶ÷񣬱֮ս۹򶨣з׷ɵ磬ֻǽеıȺɨ
ʱһ̹âɢ·һѿ쵶жһһ±㽫ҵпȻң಻ɣ֮ǰٶȣǰ
սħջأħ˫֮䣬ϱ֮ˮս۹سȥһʱ䣬֮˺·ɳĮȴ˱ԭ
һеЩͷϧ̫ս۹ػǰ͵һ棬һâ֮Уɳ糱ӭűδ˹ȥɳʱ˱֮Уαóޱȣһ˴Įɳϣٱ⻯Ρ
սħڴʱһ˱ǹֱȡս۹ţǽһӣΪһֻ޴ħ֮צս۹ץȥ
ս۹ȴһ죬ֻñһ㣬㱬Ǹ˱ǹȵħ֮צ֮ʣ͵˱̹âһӰʱ֣͵һţ㽫ץħ֮צơ
ħʱڿն𣬻צ֮䣬һצӰбӶ
񣬾񣬷㵹ϵȫս۹ػͷ˵ڤһ˲õ꣬ԪӦڶϣڳǿȫˡһֻΪǽҥһȷˡֻϧţս۹أΪԪӦڶϵڶҰۣǿȵС㲻Ǿ֮ܣΪ˳еСɫǼʶ
һ̧֣ʱɳöҶ絶ӿնצײһȴ˲佫צӰ顣
áãҶ㲻ɵͷޡΪԼѾʶǿ֮ղ֪ҲŵȡȣڶҰҲʲôһʶ˳ǿ֮ȴ˴۽磬֪Լ֮㡣ұؼӱŬֲ볬һ̳
󣿡ս۹ЦˣЦɭ㻹н󣿡
βУҶЦս۹أѵлŵһ𣿡
ʲô˼ս۹صĽŲΪ֮һ
սʱҶСӲ֪ʹʲôȻ˾Ԫ׵ƣҲʹþԪף
ܣս۹͸֮ɫ̲סҡͷ
ûʲôܡҶ㵭ȻһЦԪ֮ս֮ϹźɡޱսԼѪǿѹΪս֮𣿽ұ֪еߵ֮޵߱ǳ֮֮Ҳʧȥ
һâҫǾԪ׼Ƭħ֮зڶΪâҶϡ˲ǹâɢԪȴѾҶϡʽӵҶһȥȴһ˵ǢС
·ףҶģģȻɡ
ܣȻ۵üս۹ǲһҴ֮ȻԴҶϡ
һҶս˵ĳһ֦ѪӦսҶ
ΪʵڲţȻ˿ֻսҵľԪף
šܡȴ˲֡ΣٺϾػǰ͵һԾһƽؾһӹ룬˲Ҷǰеıȣ񺣻ӰűĲ񵱿պݺ
׼ģҶͷ­
ҿһΪܰɣ
Ҷһ̧֮䣬ʱһɫ


163 Ȼ
ɵĺɫҶȴҶԭҰչֵһ㡣
ԭҰ֮УħȻȫɫÿƬƬ϶һĺڰħεѹǳݼצ絶иǸսħ֮â
һ⣬ȴαװ֮±ʥĺɫƬϵĵħҲ˰ɫ·ƶʥ
ħһʱХҶк䣬̧һС
飡
һԪ׵ȫӳħʱ˳ˮ׼
˲䣬ħſڣһɫĻâ߾ۼ˲䣬͵һףѿڶʱϽڰħڿԽԽգۼ㻯ɶһӭŵ߶ıֱײ˹ȥ
񣿡ս۹زɳһȴδ˼һ䣬顣
һƵУȴδֱӽ飬෴ϵϻȴű˹
Сӣû뵽㾹ȻʹԪ׵ս۹˫۷죬͵شһӿ֮䣬ȲѹȥȻϨϻ𣬶ͬ޷ѹһ㣬ѹòֹƺʱҪѡ
ǳǿߵ
Ҷ΢һü֪ԼȻܽԪ׷ӳǿǰȴǲֵһᡣ֪ʧ㵱ϣѩӰȥ
ħ裬һѩӰߣſҧסսһ½ѩӰ
Ҷ㣬Ҫʲôս˵ɿ
ģҴӦɱ㣬һɱ㡣ҶЦһ㹴ԪӦˣɳĮ֮кңˡģ
˲䣬սڵľĹ㷢𣬷צһսкսʱޱȵĽƬ̼䱻
Ҷһ֣ħ͵سڸ߿֮һ˦ͷȴս޵ķ˹ȥһ֮ʣħ﷢ݴսڣ˲ᡣ
Ѫսֱˤ޸
ҶҲ룬ʱкѩӰһħϣԶٶȥ
ܳħϣȴħһʵȴֻĵط裬޷߷ɡǱϾҲǷɣտ֮ϣ޴ħٶȴʤѩӰ
ս۹ۿҶһΪ˫ðƫƫֱް취ֻܷŭƴȫѹ顣Ⱥݺ»䣬ٲǾȻ䱻÷飬Ϊϻķȴ˲ս۹طֺ
ս۹طսȥת֮ͱþΧʱĻþԭأ͵ط𣬳ӿǻþֱӻ顣ɲսߣ䱧
ս˿Ȼϵ˲أǲս۹üͷ壬սԭҰ֮Уŷս֮ˡ
Ҷ㣬պұؽңʬϣս۹طŭҧ䡣ȴҪҽ֮ˣպ㣡
ݺݵغһս۹رսȫɢޱ͵ǰȥ
һĻסֱѡϳ֮£һ̹֮þһ׹ذ飬㱧սʵ֮С
ʱҶȴѾʮˡ
ԪڹâУ»˼ƬҶ㽫֮ħ֮Уħ׺ͼ֮ٴʹá
ǿߣɲǺ£׼þԪףٴʱҲΩһˡ
֮ƣһ׼þԪףǼʱϻߡŽʮأҶԼĵ̣ǿĳǿߣҲֻǰȥա
οڽлɱҶһ£֮лɱҶ㣬һ¡ǰ˽͢Ҳ޷֣ȴǹȻս͢Ȩʱٷػᷢһš
ս۹ؿܲ£һ֮û׽ס½һն֮֡
ħȻܸ߷ɣطڵٶȴҲӥԶʤѩӰ֮СȻ˽ҶΣյʱ̣ȴҲ˲ôˡ
һһǳУ֮˺ɳĮһɽ֮ٶȴѩӰУΪħξ޴ڿտеǿԣθӴ㴦ޣҶħѩӰԶȥ
һ棬һ·ȴδκվҶڻصߡ֪ޱʱܳӦҲæӭ
ޱһ͹еʣôû°ɣ
еʧҶһͷѩӰޱֽڡһ·Ͻз֮˵һ飬ޱɫ԰ס
̫ΣˣɳһȻ֮պͳֶһ飬ٰ
ٶ˵ҵ󲻴󣿡ҶЦʡ
Цˣ˼Ҫˡޱֵظһȭɲðˡ
֪ҶһЦɳĮޣ˵ȴѾΣա
˵ֽȫԷħ֮ܿһαþȴѾٶЧҵʱȴиӦֻ֮ȷ֮ڡֻҲڵȴֻܿƻþȴ޷׽֮ƣޡȽ֮ٵϸ̽һ˵дջ񡣡
Ӧңȥ˳δọ̈̄Ҳȥޱ֣۾
ãҴӦ㡣ҶһЦ漴֣صͷ
ǱáޱһУ㲻Ҫһս۹һŹ㣬ھУҶ֣Ͳһˡ
İɡҶͷоԪڣ򲻹ȴӵ˵ġ
ҲҪСġޱĵض
áҶ΢Цͷ
ҶУʱ£ȴַ˼ı仯ѾΪ̵ҪģҲֻǳǽδɣңȫ깤
ţĹģ٣ͳӷȡǱջٵĽҲѾؽ֪ϲãԲδֻǰԭؽȴʹǰһء
֮ǰĹأһ˽ڰ˱ʯĳԪ֮ÿ˶мĽȻּǰɰ׶ƾǿߵٶ޷Ტۣ˵ȴҲǽһˡ
˺£ҶרͬʱԼõ֮ĵޱֻޱɵħ֮ϵ޵ʣȴҲֻǴͨĸѡ
һڤķȴһˣ˲ͬ飬ֻһˣǰȴָҪҶ㡣ؽ֮ϸʣ˵ƽԪػһƽҷڤĴӢۡܡС˲ţʻ߽֮䣬˿ƽԪΪ£ƾ׾ΪƽԪһ
ȴǺ£ؽȻҶ㡣
ҶȴֻһЦлĺ⣬ȥɡ˵Ǳ߹صأǲҪƽΪ


164 ʦ
ؽǽϺȰȴ޹ֻ÷ء
ˣǻʦ˵ˣֱ˵үǴ̽ļϸۣĶֻΪһ񣬻ߡ
ҶޱһۣоЦá
ɡޱ˵˵ķӣ۶¶ɸּӣǷй¶ʿϢ
ҲáҶҡͷһЦ
֮ؽ˴УȴδҶӴǵһеĴ֮СҶޱеȺ򣬵˵һ۲죬ȴֻӦ伶ʿϢ
ʮ꣬òƽеȣһôôۡݴˣĿֱӶҶϣһһ񣺡ƽԪӢۣȴˣ
Ҷһ񣬡ǻʦ
֮ѡЦ𡣡ʵĻʦ֮Уȵùҵȴûˡ
ȥԿˡޱһЦ
ֻʵʵ˵˵ү˼ˣԸʲôԼԸȨɫ£ʼ벻ҲмǸε֮Ŀ֮ˣ䣬ȴȰͽٻǿˡ
˵ԡޱͷ
Ҷ֣һ񣺡ȴλзǵǰʧˡ
ҷڤذԪӦѹ಻ԣƽԪȴʹ񰲾ҵоԶ߹ء˵ΪֻΪүһұ⣬ֻֽЩͽȨ֮Ϊүȴ˺ү
ˣǶлˡޱĶһ
֪γƺ̲סʡ
֮Ҳ֪˹һЦ߹񷱶࣬Ҳźүڴߡүòã˺˶ν
˵ţ򿪱İȡһӦƷϣȴǱʡī⣬Լֳɵľ͸ɫϡ
켱æԸ˴ˮīϡ˶ֱӴһϣһ߹۲Ҷ㣬һ軭
ֻƬ֮䣬һαֽϣʦĿøΪ䣬˷·һ֮УСбֻоһŻֽ֪䣬˱ɣˮīϲãȻһĻ
ˣ֮һȴǳһĴ󺹣һĨȥˮһʾ콫Ҷ㿴
ֻǻ֮ϣҶӭվڱ֮߳ϣԪӦֳһɽһ֮ͦɫ
ûޱǻҲĻʦ֮ȴԶˡܻˣܻĸְ
ʦһĨ֮ɫ漴ҡͷһЦǽεӰˡ˵ţһӦƷϰһ֣ˣ˫ۣ˫ٴ߰ɡ
λҶ㻹Ҫ˵л֮ʣǻʦѾù֮ǰ¶޻Լ˽ȥ
ƽԪΪҡΪغñ߽á˵˻пɣڣ
ġҶһ֣һ
ǻʦЦţԼȡ۲졣಻Щ˼Է˼֣Ҳֻýˣǰţһ·ͳȥ
ҶޱںԽʦͳǡʦȡ۲󣬳Ҷޱһ֣նλ֮ʱཫΪλһ
ǿɶлˡҶæʩޱɫһ죬ҲƮȻһǻʦЦ˼ȥˡ
Ǻүպգ˰̲ס˵
ǻáޱ˵һҪúţ֪ȵӢǡ
ǵҪкųɡʱҶ㺬Цȴޱɫ죬Ÿһȭ
ҲɸЦ
ص֮УǻҶԽԽ̲ס̾ǻʦĻҲͽǻҵԼסС
һ£ת۵ҹҶڣƶ飬ƣ֮ʱ鱾߶ߵǻ֮ǰֶԼһʱٸн
֮ǰңȴǻˡʱ˵ǧһʿԽһɱ񡭡
˼֮䣬ȴͻȻоǻЩԣܾʲô룬ȴ˵֮£ȴ̲סֽħ֮˹ȥ
ɲ֮䣬ֻһλεıǻУͻȻ֮ԼŴ
֮£ˣΣ֮ʲԾر㽫ħٻ˳
ħξ޴һֱһǽһ㣬ȴõķ֮ܡ
ٶȲ죬Ҽڿ͵һתһƹħҶ
ǽٶ֮죬ȴҶٻ
һ֮ʣҶȴҫ۹âǹâ֮УһЩȥȴͻȻһһ˲ȴ·ǿսħ֮Ľޣ󳹴
սħ뱩ħԭ𣬶ֻٶл֮ͨħβӵٶȣսħβӵ
һ䣬Ժ㼼һͨһȭħԼȻħΪһ壬ɲ֮䣬ħ̧һץ˶֮ʱȻ籩ȭʱѸݣʱ㽫ץС
𶯲ѣأͻƶȥħǿʱ٣ϵϢ˸飬Ҳ͵һϳأҲˡ
ҶȴǾһһѺǰϸһ
ǻϵԼԼɻԼϵĽȴˡٿǽʽȴ뻭нһ޶
ѵǻ֮Ϊʵɱңôܣ
ɲ֮ʣޱͻȻŶ룬У磬ôˣ
ôˣҶعͷ㵶ʡ
ħһ½ײˣô󶯾ޱޱˣ֪ҶϮһָźħ˵
ʱҲȴ츮ıҲ˹
ûˡҶ㼱æ˺ħ˳ȥһ֣֮ʱδСģ˳ɢ˰ɡ
һڱ뿪Ҷޱһָǻ㿴кβԣ
ûʲôޱһҶʲô˼˼ۺʱ˻ˣеĽأ
ڵϡҶһָǱħϵĳ
ʲôޱΪҶںԼЦ
ڷţҿʱͻȻоʲôԣħ֮һ֮£ͷֻ֮еĽȻģҶɫأǽҲ˲ЩҡΣ֮ʱȴħ֮¼սħڻֻͨҪ˵
ô£ޱôסˡ
֮ͻȻʵһܷˣֱͬһ㣬˵ȥ˭Ҳš
ޱǽϸ֮£ȷʵ뻭֮һ޶ǻҶ֮ȴʧȴ˲òš
ͻȻ䣬һˣ
ôҶʡ
Žţޱüͷ΢塣


165 Ž
ŽţҶ㿴ޱʡ
ǽΪصһɡޱ𡣡ΪΣȴѾˣȴֻǵôҶĳƺһ̿ɣ䵽һǳһûֻ֪֪ǿֳ߽֣֮һͨ㣬ǾһֳǽԽ˱ΪŽš
˵ţ߹ȥʰ˵ϵĶϽ̾˿ֻǲԭްܵŽţĲǿֶֹΡԽ뻭⵽Ƿʲôأ
ǻʦŽŵҶ˵
Լãޱʡ
ۻݼɳƵһҶһЦô˭䵱Žŵ
˵ɶ񣡡ޱһ𷽲ҶΣգ޵һΪǲĸʿû뵽ȴɶĴ̿ͣ
ܽ뻭Уǿɽ֮ΪʵأҶ˼ţ󻺻ҡͷ޴ɲ飬ҲաҪСġֻ֮ʤɱƾе۷ǿҲһ̡
ʲôˣȻ㣿ޱǻ¦ǻս۹أ
пܡҶһЦ׼ַɱˣȴ޿ܡ
ץˣұɱޱ
ϣȷǸҶ㻺ͷȻƭҵ۾ɼݼѾﵽα֮ĳ̶ȡˣ̫¡
ǰޱ뵽һ㣬пһαۣ֮ȴҲûп˵ݼʵѾǳ뻯ˡǿɵüӱСġʧֵĵһˣŴ̿͵Ĺأǲٶˡ
֮ҴȥҪǿҶ˵²ھдֻĸ죬ҪתһڽǡǾҪԾ֣ҲȥɱͨսʿֻҪǷžͺá
áޱһͷǽҴŽŵķҲǽϵĴһҲ˽´ȥŽŽӣߺߣ
ûϸ˵ֻ
ޱȵĴַ֮̿º˶֪˷֮ȥǵֻҲҪ׳ǵ鷳ֻǱջԻͣҪ϶ܣԷ׷ɱˡ
ޱĽ´˳ȥܿ죬нǱ㶼֪ôһɱ˷ǷȻ죬˷֮ȴҲѷڽȻ̾ȴҲû˾¡
ޱɵ»صڤ֮Уڽ֮ɢ
˺¶ˡҶǱԼõսħ֮֮ͨޱޱȻ޾壬˷ٿԴͨҲǴкô
˰֮ȴһ֧ǧɵĴߣҴʥּҶ㼱æһڽӭ
ƽԪּղһҶ㣬ȹּҶԼˡ
λǻʺΤλֺɡǸԪصġ
ԪأҶһ
ǡղһЦƽԪ뵽ڣʥּ
롣Ҷͷ
˳ڣһڴаݷڵأղʥּʥּݳ˽һӦй֮⣬һشǽʽΪԪأΪڤ˵ĵһؿڡ
ԴˣţԪǣΪԪضǣΪһ˿Խ۹أڤƽ
⣬ǵʺΤֺԪأֱضǣȻλҶƽҶ죬ԹְȴҪڶˣ˾ҪҶ㡣
һ䣬ȴǵƽԪҶص۶
ʥּϣ̲סǰղôҪƽԪص۶һʱҲȱ˰
ⲻлʺֺ𣿡ղһЦԪ˧İɣλүڣԪҲʧġʥϵƽԪص۶Ȼл¡
⵹Ҳǡ˵ͷ
λҶλүһ֣ǳ˵أΧ¶в죬Ҳڼ䣬λԹλѹˣȡԪ˧
ƽԪġ˼æΤ˵ʥǰ֮ʱѾ˵ǲƽԪ֣
˵ˣʥ̫ΪǡЦ˵
ʥϿʱҪͷƽԪسûǿأԪӦжΤ˵ʵȨģȴǵġ
ͷ
˻кαҶȻóӻ֮䣬ҶԶ˳˽⣬ȴøУֵͷ˾λˡ
ҶһߵĵϵˣѾɵ˶ɽȥǶӸҶҲֻǧȴʱ̸Ҷ㣬ûԭϡ׼һ֮ҶһҲޱǧ˶ѡ
ǧһ˵ҪԶУͷۡЩʬǣæŨҶһȥ£µʬȴûãѾĵҪٻص۶ֲȴʵĥˡ
ޱȴ˺⣬ҪտԨʯ籮ռȥʬôôҲٵ£գ
ǧһʱƽкá
տԨʯеĿռ䣬ܴ飬籮Ŀռȴͬװ飬Ѫ߹УҲܳʣȴһء
׼׵ҶղسΪ֮£ȴģ˫ǧһ·͡ǧδó͢ȴҲֻܽһ˻͵ԭķڤ߾֮
һ·棬ڻص˷ڤ۶ǡ
ʱѾ磬ղ̽¦࣬漴¦㽫Ҷ빬У鷿֮ޱ򱻰ŵ½ɵƽԪϢ
Ҷǰʩȴ¦סλڤҶ㣬ֻԽԽãЦǺǵشҶһͬ
֪ҵسΪ£¦ʡ
¦йذɡҶ㵭ȻһЦ
治ҿеˣǴ¦һͷǰʱ뿪Ԫأ䲻֪ô£
ڤŵĴүսԪӦӦϹԪأһʥ౨Ҷ˵
֪¦΢΢͸ŭɫһֻۣ˵ԪӦȴδ֮¡
ٷ౨֮УᵽЩҶ˵ŵսʱܻȴе֪һЩ֮¡뿪£Ϊ˴Щ¡
սںδ¦ʡ
Ҷû˵ʲô£㲻ʣһĬȴʾҶӣҲҶøи
ս۹ؾˡҶ˵
Ŷ¦һ̲סҶ㡣ҶԽϵȻ˽⣬һɵšǳȴҲжšŵս۹ؿǳ˲õ㽻ˣ
Ҳǽӳ졣Ҷ㵭һЦ
¦࿴ҶĿʱһ䣬ȴǸء
㾹Ȼܴս۹صкӵ


166 ˫
ʱսϡҶ˵ֻƾսвս۹أ롣
Σܴӳǿ°Ȼ룬Ҳı¡¦Ц
Ҷ㲢û˵ʲôֻǵ¦Цʣ¦ִζԸˣѵǽ뿪߹֣֮
ǡ¦ͷҪСְ֮£¿ɴСԹٶס㲻Ųϵȴпܱɴ֮ǰ¦Ѿ֯Щĸռ˴֤ݣ֮궴ȻҲʱһʥּسڼԹٽҪ֮ǰһ뿪ԪصΪȫǵּ⡣
лʥ໤Ҷ㹰һ
ҵˣҲ˭㣿¦Ц˵¦һ˶Ҫ޲ֱܽɱء
ʥϴ˴һӦֻΪЩ°ɣҶʡ
¦Цݣȷʵһ£Ҳֻܰ졣ǰˣҶԸ¦Ǳֶһذա
˵ţȴͻȻл¹ʥϣ
Ŷ¦۾һ
ȴͣڲ̸ҪҶȥ¡
֮һλʮ꣬ż룬ųӻ룬鷿֮Уʱ¦ʩԴ
ߵʥϣ
ﲻǳã˶񡣡¦΢Цʾվλʱزһԣ¦֮СĵֻаƨΣҲͦñֱ
ͬΪȴǵһμɣ¦΢ЦΪǽһ¡㰡λ޵ұۣλǷڤպյƽԪҶ㡣ͬΪһ֣ͬҶԸ¦ǣ񳯸ٲǡ
ǣﲢҶ㣬ֻǹس¦һȭʥϣлҪ֮ʥƽԪҪ£±´ɡ
Լˡ¦˵ǰûʲô˵ġ˵ɣΧ֮䣬ʲôջ񣿡
￴˿Ҷ㣬ȴ΢΢üҶ֮пһЩʲôȴƣֻǵһЦ
֪Լͳ˺¦ĸض
Ҷ˵Լˡ¦΢΢üʲôͿ˵ɡ
ǡһͷҶ֮飬ʥ֮˵üף̬ȴ϶˵ʥףȻҪʥΪڤͳʥּ⣬ʵȴκʵʾٶ¿£Щ干ͬԸ¦ǣʵ޿ܡʥϣǲҪʱ뾫˷Щϰɡ
Ȼˡ¦̾˿ұΪǶٻְ֮ͬңڤû뵽ǡ
˵֮ͬ顭Ҷ΢΢һЦʥȻͬ壬¦ǺγǣǶ֮飬ֻ²˵ǡ
ƽԪҪ֮ˣһдһ˿мƺ˵һСëӶʲô
һΪʥϵĳӣʵС֮Ҷ㻺˵ʲôյöǣǷڤȨ
˼ʥԷȨ֮ǣƣһߡ
δϡҶЦҺʱ˵Ļ
֮ܶ飬֮ôʲô취ͱˡ
Ժ֮Ҷ㵭Ȼ˵֡
Ժ֮¦һȴǺν⣿
˵ˣһѾС֮Ƕ볯͢еȨ֮˵ǲֳưµҰģֻƫһ硣Ҷ˵ֱָʴ־ߣʵΪ壬¦ҲûǷΪֻ֪ҪȺܼȥǵݻӣǲù֮ܳ͢˭
¦಻ɵͷ
Щ˶ããȴΩе䲻֮ʹΪʥϷǡҶ˵
Ŷ΢΢üֻ³һʣ̬ȸ߰
ѾӵõһУֺαٷͿࣿҶ˵Բ黹˵ǡ¦ǵֱ֮׶ˣΣ֮ȴȻΪ
˵׷ʡ
¦ǲʴ֮ǰ֮ͽһ㹲ʶеġҶ˵һ˳дȨҰıȻһͣȫ£Ҫġݣȴ˳֮͢Ȩ֮¦ңԼȨϵλһҪ¾ǶԸ
¦һӣǳԲô֮ǰȴû뵽
ҶֻǵһЦ
Ƕ֣ôΪʥЦ󣬽˵һ䡣
ϧ޻ҪҪȥһҪ̴¦࿴Ҷ㣬ŵ͵֮⣬ִһЩʧ䡣
ɫ˼ΣһЦƽԪССͣ˼ʶҲѵáֲʥϻΪ书ֻƾƽԪһ죬ҲԷˡ
ﻰл˭ó¦ȴûгɼ¦Ŀ֮λҲǷͬһ㡣
Ҷ㿴΢΢ü
нսµǿ绢ֻ֮ڲŽᡣȻǲԼ¦أǲķֻ½Ҫ
Ҷ˼֮䣬ȴվ
ҷڤأҪҪо֮⣬Ҫ㹻Ҷ˵δƾ´󹦣ҲְֻܷƽԪᣬǰԪְ֮ӢˡƽԪȴԵʶһֱΪռȻˣдһҲʶ֤ƽԪãΣ
Ҷ㿴ȴһЦ
ӵֱ
һ룬һߴ¦ֻ࣬¦ֶЦȴûȰ˼ȻҲ֣ԼĽ
¦ԼѾãȴȫԼʱˣȴӦǺԼܴӳǿѣ˲ʶԼ֮⣬ͨ˽֮Ҷ㵹ҲΪ⡣
ҪʶǱǼʶһ°ɡ
ҲáҶ㳤𣬳һȭ곤һȴǰܵǰָ㣬Ժ˵ȴ֮֮¡
ת¦࣬΢΢һ񣺡˵ʥ鷿Ҫ֣ȴҪʥǡ
ҵıܾǡ¦ǺһЦ
Ȼ˵ͷҺƽԪһ㵽Ϊֲֹಫ򲻻ʥİ֮
˵ţҶ˸ƣȫӿ
˫˸⣬ǹâȻļ£ȴûаɱ⣬Ҳûֻ֮ʱֻ䡣
Ҷ㵭ȻЦҲڿ˼ƣħӿȴչֻ֣ԷԿ͸Լʵ
ۿ˾Ҫ֣¦಻ɼо񣬴һ
ʱ¹ȴҴҶ룬ʥϣǺӡ־
¦಻һü
־ҶҲһüһ챻Ҵȴǲ
¦ǣȴһ̴򲻳ˣһü


167 ־ս
¦ȴǲܲ¦һã¹˽
Ƭ̹¦л룬һ鷿ĿɨҶȻŹ¦һ񣺡μ֡
־𣬰ݼʥϡ¦Ҳ־ʵعо
¦࣬һλʮӣһ۾޹⣬˿ǳȻǺӡ
־һ¹ͬƣǺӣݼʥϡ
ɡ¦ಢûɨ¦ǵӣǺͰصͷ
˵лվһԣ¦¦Լӣ¦Ȼ˿¦·ԵҶ
¦ǵĿ⣬ֻȫڣȻ̲סʩ񣺡
ҶȴֻǵȻЦ¦ǵ˵ͷ
󵨣־͸ɱҶ㣬үȻʩʰ㻹й𣿡
йأҶװһ漴һĶͷЦ㲻˵һˡأүʥҲҪͷİɣУȻƾʿ¾ƽԪ֮λȴǽӦϹʰɣ
㣡־侲֮ˣʱȴ̲סŭ
֮ǰҶ֣֮ѾľҶ㳰Լȴ޻˵޷ƽ
ƽԪ书ãڲҲһ¦ȴЦֵô֮Ұ
¦ͷ΢Цһָʱ鷿ڷ̵Ļ¹ټæǰһӸǺ¡
ˣվֻ߱ʣ־һˣ̲סҶ㣬Ŀг˷ߺޡ
ֽ֪ƽԪǰأкҪ֮£¦Ƿʡ
Ҳûʲô¡¦һЦǺƽԪһ±߷֮£˽һԪӦƶѡ
֣ǳܶ졣¦΢΢üǰ߱߷Ǵ£Ҫ˽ԪӦɵسѯʣδⲻɣһԪӦ˳ô죿߹ǳƽԪ⣬סԪӦɣ
˻ʺΤֺǰȥֱѹǣƽԪ¦͵λƾǿԪӦ
СΪ¦˵֮⣬ƽԪӦʱر߹أӦﵽ߶߹ʧ˭֮
ˣȻҵĹˡ¦ЦҲֺ֪ͿúܣСϣڣҷٶ࣬Ҳ˰Ų
¦ȴæ֣ܿɲ˼
¦һУȴΪѴȫԼϣֱϴȴ¦ǵĿڣٽ׷²š
һʱҲæ֪æЩʲô¦ǲҶ֮£ĿͶ
ʱо̲סҶ㣬д֣Ҷܲס¦ǵĿ⣬Ҷôɫģ
в֮ʣȴǿǿѹ¦Ǵľ޴ѹЩӲشͲү˰ɣ
¦ǿЦЦݿ´磬ȴ·Ƕº磬̲ס˼£ͷʱǺ飬ҲѾʪ
⻰˵ȴǲҶһͷүȻΪ֮ڸϣλԪ˧үְ֮ȴǸ׵ְʵ񣬸λȻҲүү˵ǲǣ
󵨣ɫ¦˵־ѾŭһҶ㣬ΪԼں˭˵
־ΪԼںδҶȴŭֻǵȻʡʥ鷿֮ж磬СУʲô
ˡ¦ЦЦһ֡ȥʲôӣЩɡʵܰҾΪ˺£
̸ֻȴЩ¡¦ɫͣǺһЦһ֣֡ȴٵġ
٣¦һ
¦ǵͷ־ѽΪƾʵǿޱȣѹһάˡŰϧţ˾֮⣬ʥϽּ⣬־ΪʹĴжΪЧ
ֽδҲ̫˰ɣﲻǰҶ㣬ȴǿѹĶ¦ǵľ£˵ڤأֻھ´߷ɷ
δ˵꣬¦ǵĿֱͬʱһҲ¦ǵӿдŭ⣺˵Եķݣ
ȴǼ򵥵ĵӣѾǶˣﲻɸоȫҪ磬ȴ˿ڡ
үʥۼ£ҵȻҲԡҶһԻڣүȻ۵ǹ£ôһҲʸԡ𣿡
΢Ц¦ǣһҲӣ¦ǿüͷ壬ƫƫԼһֱɱȴʼղֵܵ˺ް취ֻغһƽԪ˼Ҳǲͬ־ˣ
Ҷͷ
ƽԪ־ɣ¦Ц
Ҷ㣬ҿǳļʣ־ŭһͬƾʿܷ֮λΪβܣѵʵԶңҿȴҲδأûеʥǰһ
⵹¦һͷЦ¦ࡣ֣־ƽԪдһ书ҿǿɡ־ʤȻ֤иƽԪʵͶеȻҲ´󹦣ҲӦáƽ֣Ҳ֤ƽԪֲ٣Ҳá
ǡ¦Ҷ㣬һʱЩԥ
ҶԳǿȻ֮¦ϾûԼҶչ־бʮ㣬ȴðգԼص
ʥϡҶ㹧ֶ񣬡µҲǸ÷ӡܷ֮λǳҲ˲˻ᣬ֪֮˵
ã¦о˸֣ƽԪҲд⣬Ӧ˰ɡ
Ҳá¦ȻЩģҶ˼ᶨҲֻõ˵ͷֻҪ㵽Ϊֹ
˴ǻֵ鷿ȴﶯ֡¦ֱӴ¦ĻԺΣҲʹչȭţʡ޷㾡ȫȴвʡ
ðɡ¦࿴˿Ҷ㣬ɫ糣Ŀ򶨣㻺ͷ
룡¦ʱվһָ棬¦Ҳֻȥ
һ棬¦ʱԸ¹ٽԺڷŵĻŲһƬأ־ǰյ룬վһ˫۾ɱҶ㣺ƽԪ³ɣ
ȻҪҶ㻺ǰȴһҲżֽȴʲôǼҪҵõ֮λɡ
֮λɵá־һ㣬ȴһҲٵˣ
˵֮䣬ȫӿ纣һ㣬Ϣɢ֮ʣҶȴеʱ֮ǿȻԶա
شû˲Ƚˣø־𣬿治Ǽ򵥽ɫ
Լұȫ㣬Ҳ˽һ׮Թɣ


168 һս
ˣٴԶ׼һ
¦Ȼ˵ǵ㵽ΪֹдȴȫǱɱ֮ġֻһֵÿҶһȴز¶
Ҷ㣬ȷǸ˲õš־𿪿ڣҲһﵽ˾һΪסϧϧ
һǾ仰㵱ٻ顣Ҷ㵭һЦҶȢˮңŮӣȴǼ֮ҡҶΪȴǼ֮ҡ
Ҷ㣬뼤ŭңڶ֮˷磿־Цģ浺һۣʹ˼ʹȴٲս֮ʧ侲֮ġգһ˭Ĳſ˭Ϻ֮λ
˵档Ҷһ֣ɣ
Ը־ӣɲǼЩŭȫˣֻʣһƬ֮⡣Ȼ֣ӡĿֱҶ㡣
ҶɫȻħңߴɵĺħȻͦ
λջ˴жйâ·ڻȴŽԷһٷĻᡣ
ҾϵãҲǷǷ־Һһ֮ǰҲΪ壡գұ㽫֮飬֪ҵ
ձҴòѪȴô󡣡ҶһЦֻҪøΪҡ
ϼ棡־һѷתӡһǰӡҶȥ
ҶĿˮ̧֮䣬ħſͬһɴܰ㵲ǰӡײϷ죬ħֱǾҵһ
һײ֮£ӡʱ־ȴͻȻһָ˷磡
ʱ˫ֽΪһӡ͵ǰһƣطʱڿУҶͺħһ
ʱһ̧֣ӡ˻
Щ粨ߣ֮仯սʿֳֵǹҶΧХɱ˹սʿ֮УƮгָ߲֮ɸоƮ˯ȥڸ߸ɣ֮裬֮߸оĿѣԣԳ֡
ҶоԺһңʱħ֮һʱâ罣̶ֱһ֮УЩ߾ѣֻʣսʿ
ɫ䣬һ֣սħ󣬴ɳеʱһսʿʵ÷顣
ЩսʿȴҲ֮𵶽ȴɱԼͬھ
һڹߣɫüΪӡ
¦Ǻ¦࣬Ǹû뵽ԷĲ¾ȻֱҶ־ɵȴףԼҶȣʵǲֵһᡣ
ǿķֱƾʿʵѾӽڳǿߡ뷽ţȻҪҶսԼвӿһ⡣
Ǿֻ֣ⷨһҾҪУܷδ֪֮˵ˡҶȻţѹֶӣҷڤ
вϣ֮⣬һȴǶҶóϷٲ֮ġ
ͬʱ־Ҷ㲻µ֣Ҳɵ
˵ķ˸൱־ȴ΢΢üⷨ˷硱ǹһ壬ֿйٵۺϷɸҵ֮ģԵۣ֮һ̿սʿ֮УöԷͻսʿΧ֮ʣͻȻɱ֣Ҷֻǹâһһ뷨ȴܲľ
ȴʲôʹ֮ȴδţ
־ֹԽ
Ҷ㣬罫ȥʱһֻ࣬ҪΪ֮ħ
һҧٴ̤ǰһ˫һȦӡȭ
࣬ӡתҶ㣬һӡʱִŸֲͬԷͬϹʥ鵹йһ㣬Ҷ
ǿһУ֮ɾʧ亹졣
ԼһУֻʱҪȫѹͬԵִͷת򣬲֪εֵƬ̹ͻᱻڵأ⡣
һУҶɫȻֻһЦ־𣬿ɼǵõ浺϶ʹһк龰
һ仰ʱ־ͷһԾػձɵĿֲһĻ
ҲʱħٿȻ˫ȭ͵ʣȴðʱ䣬ֱӺϡһʱһɳѪħƿնͬһȫƣֱӻ˺
ôô죿־ɴʧɫǵһ浺ϣħʹһʱҲޱߣȴãֱӴȻҲʵǳ֮⡣
֮Уæȴһһħ÷顣
ʱħȴչֳȫͬڡ񡱵ٶȣ΢һӴȻٵسǰżе־ȥ
ܣʱдС
ǽ¦֮ڣ¦֮ڣ֮ڣǺ֮ڣ־֮ڣһ˾Ȼͬʱɴ۾ͬ
̫˼ˣôٶȣ
ת֮䣬ħѾ׷־𣬾ȭһӣȻĳٶȺݺ£
ϣڴʱ¦ǲĿǺӷһǺҲ룬ʱһӿڤ֮˲۳һϵй˹סޱڤ֮һźħݺȥ
ֻһȻ㽫ħ˸飬ʱͽ־֮Σ
ȴһħһȭ֮ȻδȫҲѾ־ϣʱƤһڵֵˤԶ
Ҷ㣬ʥ˵˵㵽Ϊֹ㾹ȻҳɱˣʵǸ¦ŭһǺʱ⣬͵һתֱҶ
֮ǰһ֣˱ѾǺȻΪʵȴѾƾǳ
ȫһƾʿֻҲԵֵۼһҶ㣬¦ﲻɶʧͬʱɣ
ȴҲ֪һжˣֻҶػһ֮¡
ʯɲǣҶȴͻȻӿһɫ֮⡣˲䣬һɳĺߣ͵ſ³һö顣
飡
һʱռɣ˲ɶ׾飬ӭǺӵײȥ
ֻźȻ죬ǺλǿߣȻ֮鱬úɳȥ־һˤԶϡ
ֻϾоȴһȻ·յƬƬڣҲˣȴء
񣿡ǺҶ߷ĺɾһ
¦͸ޱɱ⣬øΪ䡣
¦ȴһľϲ


169 ׳¦
ƾȻ˳ǿߣҶһսȴڳ˶۽磡
һսڹ֮УҶؽһս֪
ϧ鷿ԺȴҲֻ˵üȻԶԶĻ¹Ὣ´ȥŲۼֻȴš
ˡҶ㵭һЦԶסԼǺһȭ
漴ת¦ǣһЦүʵؼ󣬹Ȼ㵽ΪֹʵȴǼѡҲʿеĶǿߣȻڼս֮ղס֣ȴģûʥּҪɱңȴǺ⣿
ƽԪˣ¦ɫ֮ȴЦҷֻʥϳˣ˵ɱĻ㷽ΪҪƽԪɱ֣
СδɱġǺһ񡣡ֻҲ̽һƽԪı£ƽԪȴȫ֣Сһֲ
һΪԼΪ˱⣬ҲΪԼʧ˱⡣ڳĳ˻¹⣬ĸˣ
һ£ǷҪ˵ƾһˡ
ԭˡҶͷȴǱˡ¡
ƽԪٴһΣǺӶҶ㣬޲ʱҶɱˡ
ǱˡҶЦΪȴ˳һƾʿɲ˴󵨣볬ǿ߶֡
ôһ˵ǺȴҲǿҪ֣ȴ̫ԣֻú޺޵һҧЦȥ־
ֽ°ɣ¦ϲ֮࣬װĵһ䡣
ʥϷģˡ־ʱѪȾǰϢȫǺӷŲվȣȴҧӦ
±á¦һͷһսʹ֪ԼҷڤĲ࣬Ҳкôȥ˰ɣһܴﵽƽԪ֣Ҳػ㣡
ǣ־ޣȴ˵ʲôֻܺ޺޴ס
ʱ˳¦ʱЦǺ
ʥϣڲ֮ǰǺӼæӦ
ѹ֡¦໺ͷ㾳δ̣ƽԪƾкĸ֣һвҲʲô㲻ҪȥӰľΪǱ㲻ˡ
ǣǺǿŷߺһ
ʵܣ־Ȼˣô֮ǰ±Ҳ˰ɡ¦࿴¦ǣǺһЦЦĴ˼ֵ⡣
ǡ¦ȴݣ֮ǰķŭ벻֮飬·һɢ˸ɾ
漴ȴתҶ㣬˵ڤƽԪӢţʵǹ֮ҡҪƽԪһ䡪Ǻ£ĪԴ֮ģл̸֮ܳĪ֮־ƽԪӵʮ߹أ߻ʵԶٲȻһһ㣬ȴҪԼǴ£ʥϵ¡
¦ǻлҶ㲻һü
Ȼó¦ǽԼ¦ĹϵҪʹ¦Լɵ֮ġ
ԼֻƾҲͰˣƫӵܻܳǿߵֻӵоҲͰˣƫξ֮ţֻξ֮ҲͰˣƫӵʮ
¦ǲؽЩ˵̫ףֻһ㣬¦˶ɼɣôȻῪʼҶ֮ġˣȴǶҶ
Ҷ㿴¦ǣ˼ת֮䣬ȴʱ˾
Ц΢΢ҡͷĵȴǶࡣȴãʱңĿŵóԶһЩ
ƽԪʲô˼¦Ҷ㻰л
˴˵֮ʥϣܷ鷿ϸ˵Ҷ㲢ûдĻȴ¦ʵ
á¦һͷתص鷿֮С־˵ýأǺҲ¦ʾǺӴ־ȥֻԼһ֮鷿֮С֮롣
ʥϡҶɨ鷿ڵĻ¹һۡ¡
Ƕ°ɡ¦һ֣¹ʱ˳ȥ鷿бֻʣλڤ֮
֪ʥ϶¦ӡΣҶʱſʡ
¦һҶ֮⡣ǺӵûʲôģĲһЩ书ͲôˡôͻȻᵽ
ӵʥϸΪ˽ɣҶת¦ǡ
¦΢΢üǻֵĶӣôΪ˽⣿
浺֮£ѵ־ûүҶһЦ
¦ǵɫһڻǵ˵ͷȷʵû뵽ӾȻ֣籮Ǳ֣֡Ļֶ֮һλ֣ϲɺذ
¦һĲ⡣
ʥϣӿɲ򵥡Ҷ˵Ϊƾǿߣڽƹ浺һ֮սޣ߸һλпǳ߿ȴʤ˻ȥ־𣬶޵籮ңõϾ΢֧֣Щ˵
⻰һڣ¦¦ǵɫһ䡣
֧֣¦£ʡҶ㣬ұŻ֮ǿ
ʥϡҶȴֻ¦һסӦǵ׼һδϵһĿȴ£ƹΪǵ֮Ȩɣ
¦λǿߵ񶼱øһʱ䣬ȴ˭Ҳ˵
֣Ҹˡ¦ͻȻ¦һ֮󣬴󲽶ȥ
㣬㷽˵ȷʵʵ¦ߺ¦Ҷ㣬ͳ
ʥϣԭڻǰἰ¡Ҷ֣һ񣬡΢ҲΡ¦ȻѾǵľٶڴʱ׳һɵĵˣֻҪֶԸˡ
ȷʵ֮¦ʡ
Ͼ΢ȰͶ¡Ҷ˵˵ӲԾʤεʥϣ֪ļ£֮±ǹ£ΪڤƣȴҲ¹ʥҪжǣӷ֮ʣ¡֮ڻǰ֮£ҲϣǻˣȴǸ
벻벻¦΢΢۾ô۵һӣԭʲôȼţƺҲ伶ɣû뵽Ȼôﵽƾô¡
Ҷ㿴¦࣬ٶԡ
յ˵¦֮£աʷ飬֪ڵǰ̸ߣնΪǵΪɻ֮¡
Ʊˣȴòˡ
ֻ׳¦¦ǲŻʱԼһߣֻ׳¦¦עŻ¦ǵϣתԼϡ
ҶرҲǸˣɽ˵Ҳֲ¦ͬǻӣֱż̳лλʸˡ
۶¦࣬Ƕ¦ǶԣΣյˡ
¦ಢǾʥҶ㣬Ҳ֪ǶԸ¦ǵһ˵ףǵҶǳӡ
黢ǣ֮ƣֻ֪һζңҶ㽫úܲҡ
ڵڳ¦⾢УҰս۹ͷһܻȴǱذɡˣҲֻ׳¦ٳ͢һϣԼѹͻ
Ȼ֮¦ǳһ㣬һ¡
ʥϷԸҶ㹰һ
Ҷס¦˵ʲô֮١
Ե£ʥϲþҶ˵
¦໺˵ͷ


170 Ӱ
֮¦೤̾һ
ȨȨô˵Ķ𣿡
Щ˵ΡǵЩ˵ȨҶ˵ҰļҶȨһֲɶƵĿǶͽɫӡͽƣˮ⡣
㿴ǲҰļң¦ʡ
̡Ҷֻ˵
̡¦໺ͷҲһֱţǶҵѹֻһ졭
ҡҡͷ˵ˣԻСöӡ㣬νĿģȴҪҰһ£°ɣǶԸ¦ǵļƻһذա
ʥʾҶһͷ
˵Ӱţ¦ʡ
šҶԼޱõĽţʱйӰŵ¡˵һǿɣλʵͬһ㡣
ڵӰȴѾֱ¦˵춬һٰʮ䣬ޣӣҲӰŵλϣ֮λֵòֺ˫ʵ൱ִ£ʹӰҲҳһš˵ȴǸûᡣȥеͣ£Ҫʱɽ賯͢һΪЧҡ
֮٣߲꣬ʿ֮ǿߣﳬ֮ȴ֮١߹ϡ٣Ӱһٰʮ꣬ҲǸˡ
ʥٶһλ֣Ҷʡ
ǰ¦ͷ֮ǰֻΪǿԸǣߵУȻһλ޴˾ٵȴֻΪԱʵѰ㣬нҲнȥ£ȴٺʲ
ңˣֻ²һΪ֮λԸܳ͢ԼҶ˵
ҲԼ¦˵ֻ˳֣͢ӰܷչµһҲ˵볯ͬ͢ˣĺôֲҪƽʱϵݣֻ֮ʱ˶ѡ
ƽԪһ仰֪ʱ̲סһڣҶԼæվһ̬ȴ֮ǰ
ҶһЦȻԼһսЧ
ˣл뽲Ҷ㹰ֻ
ǼȻҪ֮λǶйҰ˵йҰߣȻܾȨύ
˼ˡҶ㻺ͷ
ʲôġһЦλȻƽԪ൱ʵȴʮǧƽԪ֮ǰ鲻ʶӢۣƽԪ£
Ҷ֪вαһЦͬΪʥϷǣȴһˡĴСһˣƽԪĽȥȴ鷳֡
ǿɺãﲻЦ
˼Ǵ´п֮¦ӹ˻ͷ㣬¾ˡ˵ţȡһʥּҶ㡣
ּƾʥּԵӰŸ󶬳ԼΧʮǵı˵κһЭ飬Ҫɱ֮λȻϸҪҲҪǶصߣǷһǣòʧ
΢סҶһͷּ
㸸׵£֮Ѿˡ¦ƺΪ˰Ҷ֮ģ̸ĵ¡Ǵһʱ֮䲻ܽݺ㸸߹鰸԰ӻҪһʱ䡣ģΪҶ󽫾ѩ
лʥϡҶȻ¦ǰʾԼҪ£˱һк˵
Ȼ¦ʹ־ֶΣҲûбҪһʵ΢΢һЦ䣬ʥϣ㻹һʥ϶׼
˵¦󷽵һ֡
ر߾һƬɽҶ˵ֿǰ֮֮أʥϽһɽҶңĹ֮á
ˣõͼ¦һͷƬ̼䣬¹һƤƳɵĴͼ鷿ڵչͼδȫչռ鷿棬ȫչ֮ʣ͵鷿һŵ̺ˡ
ָ¦һָͼ
ǡҶ㻺ǰϸȴڤĹͼͼƾϸɽϣӬͷСעƣϸѰ֮£ȴδҵɽֻɽͼȣʵ̫СҲɽȴû
ɽ̫СҶһЦ
ʲôط¦ʡ
Ҷָ˶ɽ·λ
¦ͼ¹١
ʥϣǱɽ¹ټæصó¹ƽʱͶͼϸо¦һʣϣǸ˲š
ˣּɽƽԪ¦ʱһ֣׼ƽԪ߹ؾɽĹ
ǣ¹ʱӦȥ׼ʥּ
лʥϣҶȴϲ⣬ʱһ¦ȴЦŽס㣬ԪءΪ޿ֻôһƶɽȴʲô
ҶһЦ
׵úܣ¦϶ѾµҪɽ;򲻻ּ׼
¦಻ɵӣȻܲ¦ǣҲһȨ֮ˣǲСӡҶ飬Ŀȴֻһ黻Ҷҳϣηڤʵ۴Ȩ
ҶҲòϣ¦ȷʵǸ˵ˡҲھٹң¦Ȩ㳯Ұ֮£λ
ʥϷģӰ֮£΢ؾľҶ㹧һ
ã¦಻Ц
Ҳ֮Ц
ڴ˻Ц¦ǴʱȴһϡһӦۼ⸱ףŵòҳСĵعһԡ
ǰδڸǺʱӭһ
־ô¦ʡ
˲ᡣǺ˵ұҪҽΪΣֻԼסҲֻýͻȥˡ
Ҫȥȥ¦һͷѾȫˣ
ǡǺһ񣬡Ƥˣϴͺһ롣
¦ȴЦˣΧʱýվȥһһѾǺʪ
ȡһö¦˵
Ǻӳһүǡ
һȥ־𡣡¦˵
ðҲδ̫Ǻü
Ǽˣ¦һЦ
ңǺӼæһ񣬴ҴҶȥúһİƴСӸ˹˫Ž¦ǡ
ʱ־ϡܼҼæ뵽ãͬʱ֪ͨ־
ʱ־𾲾ϣһ㻨ڰ֮𣬷ŵᴵţٻݵǰ
Ҷ㣬ɺޡд⣬ôӣ
õģ־ˣȴ޾ᡣ漴ȴֻ֮⣺ҪʱǧٱıӦҪҶԴ˼ʧͬһ֧ġΪģҪң
һ㡣˿־顣
־Ŀһ󷢳գס֮֡
ȴǴ˺Ц
µġ־ҡͷʱȴ۷ɱ¦Ǽݵ
룡־æʱǰס
°ɣʱ¦Ǻӻ롣


171 
á־һЦüǿ
μүһǺĿң¦ȴһֱһƬֻͷ
һʤȴ̫һ˵һҶ֣֮ȴתΪٳ߸ͷһ֮ܣ֪ΪٴǿĶ
ס־ͷ
һŰ㽫֮£ò˶ñá¦ǽװŰĺӵ˹ȥʱ־ӹ
ıôʹã־һ
ֻҪֶΡвƱɻá¦һЦʧٵáҲˣ°ϢսһĺúϸıγҶ㡣
ǣ־дһ˿ס
¦΢΢һЦʱǺˣ־Ҫͣȴס
ү̶ˣһͷȷ£һ·¦Ǻͳ
ʱ־ȴϣǾĺӡʱһöɫĵҩǰɢĹâ
һΣԷ껨ƶɣһڱʹ˾媳ڵʣ壬֮Чȴһȵĵҩö𵤣ͷıʹ֮УҲ̫ࡣүǺҰҲΪȷ֮үˣ۹ǲġ
˵ţ΢΢һЦֱӽǵҩȥ
ҩһ븹ʱΪůѪҺɢǱҶ֮⣬ʱԼٵٶȿʼָһ֮־˫ۣ֮оʢ״̬ȴδҶ֮ǰá
ʱŻ򿪣˻룬ģЦȻǱȻдЧ
־Цվһѽ§˹¿˰ɣ
ǲɡһЦȴĻɣô˻ṮҪ֪ǵһҪ¡ڴΪ㻤˵ţ΢Цȥˡ
־ۺЦıӰֱ䱻ڵĿһϢ֮ʣһֵŻȴŻ򿪣ȴԳһ·ɾһĵط
־ΧƬ֮䣬еĹâٴδʢ·ھ졣
Ҷ㣬ҵ裬һ˿ٵؽʵɾֱӽʥ֮־дޱ߷ߺޡĵȴɣһ죬һֻһָͽֱ
ңԶһطشɽΧһƬݳ֮ϣ¦㾲ڲϣҲһصŻţľȴƿһʵֻϼεɽͦϪʣκ
¦һâֱϣٶȱü죬ı仯Ҳ翪ˮڡ
ףͻȻ֮䣬ȴ̲סۣɻ˷ڤķ
ָоѵϻ˺һԴ򿪡šʥָ𣿡
仯޳㡣ʱһͳڴޱȡΪţԶ޷֮⡣¦ʥţר֮ˣܲϽǿ
ǣ¦ʱԳ֮⣬ã۾
ܺáˣļֵģһȻѱ棬ʵ㣬δܵõʥָȴӰ쵽㡣
˶٣ƺ˼֮ż𣺡ǿв٣δᣬδɺ֮ˣȴһ֮ɡ
˵֮䣬֮ʱӿһΪ֮ɫľ޴ֱӽ¦ɲ֮䣬㽫仳һտԨʯ˳ֱӴУտԨʯһߴ籮¦ǰϡ
ȴ籮
籮ȻֻǷƷΪǿ籮֮ݻɣһ챦ĺӡ˵գұ㽫һǿʹɨǿС
δ䣬ǹɾ޴ʱע뵽籮֮У̣Ǿ޴Ľ籮ʼˮԽԽС״ϱ仯ȴػ˵Ρ
ѾʣµľͿԼıˡһ˵һ߽˵ȫ֮գӵ޿ռ֮Ϊ֮㵱ܰȻǿ֮֡
գٲţ֮еâȴȻǿʢ¦ǰǰѲϱ仯ĵųʣлʥߣ
֮䣬Ӧųţʥ߻ӵſͨŻǿ
һУҶȴ֪ʱѾ¦࣬ص˺֮Сǻĺδоϲ֮ǰľӴȴһиСһΪˣ׷Ĳܣ֮ʧ֮ȴһ
ޱ֮Ҷ㽫ڹз½һ飬ޱüͷ¦ǵ˾ȻɲǺ¡ոս粻ȣħоԪףȴҲʲôǺӡֻ־ġϴαˣʵ˷ȴ漣
˲СҶ㻺ͷҲΪ塣˴ʥҪҵӰһУޱ֪Ӱŵĵϸ
һ治ޱҡͷ֪ģЩһȻǽɣȴ硣
ǰǰȥϸ۲죬˫һֵ£ΪʥðɡҶ˵ͷ
ڵ۶֮Ҳûʲô£ʰװ˵۶ҶűΪεѩӰޱ¦ǧ˪ӰһӰڵضȥ
Ӱλڴɽ֮Уɽʮﴦ󶬳ǣ󶬳ȴȥӰ߱ؾ֮ء󶬳λ֮أ·̡Ķͨȫ֮£ȴǲ±Ѿӽ󶬳ǡɫ֮ʱһ꽶⣬ޱųţȴԴ
ôˣҶæʡ
ЩˡޱһЦǻƺ¥ĿչȳѾܽˣ̲סԼļҡôҲûȥһۣһˡ
ǾҹϵչȳȥɡҶһЦãҲĸˡ
ޱɫһ죬Ҷ֣ȴҡҡͷ꽶չȳ·أѩӰ˪ӰȫУôҲһһҹܵҲ˵ġϢһ·ˡܳպһؿչȳǿһۣҾ֪ˡ
ġҶޱ֡
˽УޱȴϤֱӴҶ㵽ɫСԽϳ˶Ȼҵ˳һĿջס
Ҷһ죬ţޱȴǷ˯ˡҶ㲻һЦὫԼĴ멸ϣԼһԾؿš
ԽԽޱ̲סؽַС


172 С
ޱƵϸůҶ㲻ȻĶطͷشޱһʱ鲻Խȴ˹ȥһ¡
ʱһ΢ȴ˹ǲȻ΢й쳣ȴʱ㷢΢΢ü
һԸڷ䷽ȴޱķ䣬Ҷ㲻ɳȥѵʲô˽ޱޱ
űߣŵؿŶޱǰϸӦȴδַˡޱǰУȴ΢
ǵ΢ȻԵƽ˵Ҷƽ֮ʱҲʱȫй٣ȴš֮£첽ǷǰʱŮҪ˵ͺðˡôһ仰
ŮˡҶ΢΢üѵ˵ޱ
뵽˴ʱϣƾĸй٣ʱ˵ĶԻ
ǰһͳ˵Ȼϵ£ȴȫǹ˵ġ壬ֻԼͶʱ϶ֵУǶԿ͵úúĥĥˡ
硣һɳƵ𣬡ϼһһعƨģ֪Լͽﱲ£ʱ˵ǻס
Ͳһˡһϸ˵֮£Ƚһãʹһɲܲ£Ǵһ
ͳ˵첻ߣȵ·Ǳ߲úãֻһǵУ
ֻǲݵĲϸ˵дżǡ
ҡɳЦǵĵҲǵĻǲ𣿡
ЩǮȻʹˡͳ˵ǸСݣһҲ׬˼Ǯ
ʱȴҪװһɳƵ˵ұװϰͷװưɡ
˱ˡϸ˵
˭ϸأɳЦ
ǵʱһӵϣֱӽסǡͳʡ
кöϸЦ
ʲôɳƺ͵ͳһʡ
ѵֵʥҩϸЦЩаǵץһɻŪ֣ɫζֻҪôһС׺ͽˮȥһӣ̱һࡣ
Ԫʿɳ˵ֽ¾Ķôã
ҪȻô˵ǡʥҩأϸЦɻҩǴһĹ򵽵ķӣǵĹֵģȴǰһλʿĹҩǳʿƵģ˵ԪƾҲҪʱŵ
Թˣͳʡ
ȻϸЦ
Сӣռˣɳ͵ͳһЦЦа
˵ģȴҩԵŮӺδռˣԼǼϸҩʲô֮£Ҷ㲻üͷ壬ԸԻ˻طС
˯еޱҶȴ֮ģ˼֮ȻΪһ׮漰ĳ֮£Ҫ׽һλŮҪЮֽ֡£ʣֶаȴܷһλŮסֻһصİŮӡ
뵽˴ޱޱۣ۾һЦʧ̬Ȼ˯ˡ
ķˡҶ˵
㡭ޱҶ㣬ɫһʱ죬ӵصͷʣҵķǡǽҵ˯ѽ
˯ҵĴҶ˵
㡭ˣôͻȻޱͷŮҽߵ̬κ˼˶ҪĶҶҲȻĶȴ֪Щµʱ򣬼æѹס񣬵˵˯ϡ
ޱһ
ĸסа֮ͽҶ˵Ҳ˯Ǳߡ
ʲôа֮ͽޱ֣ɺʡô֪ģ
ҷŸӦһ˿Ҷ㣬⼸˷֮ʲԾģΪķ䣬ҵͼ죬Թȥ̽飬ĸסˣȴԸһŮӵ¡Ҫ׽ŮӣҪЮֳʹֳİɲܲһƲŮӵĶ֣ҪʹһƾǿҲҪеҩ
˵ţ˵ĶԻѧһ顣
޳ܣޱɫ죬ɷŭսȭͷ磬˲Ȼ˵ٺŮӣ
ǡҶһͷҸȥ˯ˡ
ʲôҵģޱ˵ն˵Ķǰ쵰ֱɱˣΪ˽ŮӵĻ־ҪһλŮӣǸã
ҪŮӣΪһҶ˵һֱ룬Ƿôɵ¡ӰŵĸȻбĽ˷
˼ǣ¿Ӱ֮йأޱʡ
ҲУҲûСҶ˵˳ϣ⼸ˣҿҪԸʲôˣӰ֮ûйϵУǳ־µһظл飬һ½дô
Ͳ¶Է˵ֻΪ£Ӱţޱʡ
֮ʱܼԼ棬кβɣҶһЦҿɲظļپӡ֮£ұȻ䲻ΪֲܾΪ
һֲΪޱЦŵͷȴҳ˼ʶ
㳤ʶĻỹءҶһЦ˯£һһǱߵĶɲһ
㷽˵Ҫȥαװɵңޱʡ
ǡҶͷ
ǾǿԿ϶Ůӱضᾭұضᵽ衭ţĵطҵһޱһ˼һ˵
˵ǽв·壬Ƿ֪Ҷһ
ޱһơ˵нյ·̣һ·ϲûкСϪˮԴҲȫɽҰֵأֻв·һݣԷԴ˵󶬳Ƿȥߣػǲ衣
֪ǴáҶһͷȴؿ⼸ˣһǱȥǮƣװɻƣҲý۲Σ
ɡޱҡͷǳͣҲ֪
һͿһʱҶ㲻һĶͷЦǻװɲͣʱΪҪһǱߡ
ˡޱһЦҿȥ˯ˡ
˵ţߵߣᣡڴϣȴ£˳ᣵķ϶͵͵⿴Ҷ㣬ȴҶתͷߣŵæͷȥ
ҹ֮ʱ᲻ᡭޱڴϣ˼ţЩڴҲЩ¡
ǾһأҪȵ֮أ᲻᲻ϧң᲻ǸŮңǲ᲻ҵأ
ǰ˼֮УȻ˯ˡ


173 ȴǹ
˯֮䣬ޱͻȻо˽ӽԼᰴԼϣʱһѹ뵽Լ˯ǰ˼Щ£쵽˶٣ֻĥӦô졣
ޱˣǸˡҶ˵ǱѾ˶Ҫ֮ǰ
Ŷޱ˵ͷһͬʱЩʧ䡣
йŮһҵģô͡
˼˼룬ǸϿ˴Ǻ¶˯ʱһá
ҶȡһöϣҲд˵뿪ȨǮޱˣɰҶܵ
ֱӴ򿪴ӷջԺѩӰʱҶߣޱСĵǣ˪ӰƿԺСŵҶһ뿪˿ջһ·Ŵøɫſ˳ǣʱɱȥ
գ˾˲·崦ֻٵϹȻôһ䲻ĲݣʱȴδšڲԶȡʳˮһͣһ߼Źٵ
֮ʱɳ۶ҶԶԶʱľڻٵϹֻſˣȥʮ꣬һʮңϸӦ±ɸӦɢʿϢ
ܾˡҶޱУȥ̽ͷݡȻã˲֮Уݣ֮󣬱ݺԺһλߺһݳһë¿װŴСģ˳ŹٵԽ·壬һ·ȥˡ
ȻˡҶ΢΢ͷ
Ǿ͵λɡޱ˵
ֵŽһʱٵϴ֮һֱĴֻһԶ֮ȴһʮŮӣ˴Լѩһ㡣
Ǹµˡޱ̾һ
ƽ㣿ҶȴȻ
ϵŮӲǱˣȴ׺ã׺ơ
ʶޱ΢΢һЩȻ
ǵҶ׺״𣿡Ҷ˵λ״ã׺ƣƽ㡣֮ǰķһ֮ԵȴʶѵǻҪٵıˣ״ˮľɽˣõľٶȷʵǹϵһɵĶѵҲӰйϵ
Ǹսǡޱ˵Ǳ߿磬ҪȻǽƽʸ
áҶһͷѾڹٵ֮ϣǰޱ֮
׺ԶԶзһˣһ漴㿴Ҷ㣬һϲֵܣô˵ţ£٣˶˽ǰޱ΢΢һЦⲻµСǡ
Ǿүүͬ⣬ѾҶһЦ
ǿҪϲˣ׺ƾһֵܣȢŮӣи
ƽ佱ˡޱϸ׺ƣԼƺǰҲĳЩϼ׺ƣæȻһ񡣡ʵܸ磬ҵĸء
Ѿͷ˵׺ƿҶ㣬ɵͷ΢Ц漴ȴüͷһ壺԰ֵܣôôȴʵǳҼǵõʱ㻹ǡ
ѾƾǿߣҸΪһл˹볬ʿءޱ˵
ôܣ׺Ʊˣǳʶ֮ʱ㻹ֻǳ伶ʿ̶һʱ䣬ôԽﵽƾ
ǽҶѡҶһЦ
ң׺Ʋҡͷֽ̾ҵĵղޱ˵˹ǿߣô˵ϹƽԪЩԣȴģ
ȻˡޱЦ˵
찡׺ƳһұΪǿŻƺ¥¥֮ŻԪӦ֮ڿ
˵ڿȴǻƺ¥ʸ㡱һ뵽ޱ࣬⻰ȴǲ˵ڣֻҡͷһЦֱ˲ţţ
ݺ顣ҶսǱߣʣƽ㣬ǷҪ󶬳Ǳ߲Ӱ֮£
ô֪׺ƳһȻ˾֪֪һµģȴֻ֮˶ѡ
ҹڿջ֮У˵ĶԻޱ˵˵ҪǰװɵңҩһŮӣ֮֮ҪЮֳ뵽Ӱ֮£Ϊ֮йءǲ£ֻΪŮӵʱʩԮ֣ȴδ㡣ƽ㣬˻᲻㣿
Ҳɺϣ׺һüڲ֮ǰѾΪƾʿҲ֪ҩֶζԸҡ
ȴһֿҩƾʿҩҶ˵
Ȼҩ׺ʵһ
ƽ㣬ղ˵ڡ㲻ˮľɽ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǵġ׺һͷ̾˿˵
ǵ˵쵰úõȥɡޱһָڡ׺Ƶͷǣ˽
ѩӰ˪Ӱ֮׺Ƶʱò׺ƴɻҶȴһЦһָѩӰƽ㣬ѩӰҵ衣
ѩӰޡޱ˵
ޣ׺Ƴһѵҵ᲻
ѩӰЩ⣬ɢһϢ׺ɫһ䣬ϲͷֵб£ȻշԪޣ
ҲԵʻɡҶһЦƽ㣬˵˵Ӱŵ°ɡ
˵ȴҪӰŰʦ֮λġ׺˵ңҲѾ˸ϸߣҪʦһ֮
ʦ棿ޱʣȴӰŵĴˣ
Ҫ˵ġ׺̾ǹ¶С佭˲ٿ࣬ʦǣůļңʳĲļ֮ʹн֮ɡУʦʵˡ
δ뵽ӰžȻȴ׼Ĺϵ뵽׺Ȼˮľɽţһм飬񾲾š
׺Ƽ˵ȴʦӰ󳬷֮һӵĵͽҲǼϣΪǿߵȴΪرһϿɻɱʦȻĴ滳ɣʱ֤֤ڣȴҲް취ӰϴԼͽ޷
ڵŶԸ㣬ôǿһɡҶ̲סһ䣬ˣΪΣ֪ôҲݺǵʦͼǰһ
Ҳġ׺Ƶͷ΢ᣬȴΪʦָ˷߶뿪Ӱţ˽ԵɺͶˮľɽճˮľɽšʦȴǾ갵е飬ʦϴԩֽǸݺʦĵӻУ˽˴¡ʱѾһɵţȴػӰţºȴʦָ˹ϵ߶ü
ȻһԨԴҶ㻺ͷ˵ʮ֮˾žǿɵˣҲӦڵ㡣
֪ǵĵϸͺðˡ׺Цһ


174 Ϫʯ
뿪Ӱʱߡ֮꣬ˣҲֻϵʦһˣȴ޷ǷӰ֮ˡȵǰ裬Щ˲ǵ⣬Ժȥʱȴҵ⣬ɼǳҶ׺˵ʱǱ㽫ɱɾ
áҶһͷޱһعٵһ·Ųݶ˽ݣֻ˶Ѿװϣһװߵģװɻƣææز룬ô¡
ƣϲ衣Ҷ˸طʱһ˿첽ǰȴʮӣϸ͹٣˼ƹսȴδš͹´ɣǿʵýǰﴦǲ·壬͹ٿɵǱֱˮȡ
Ҷ㿴˿ʱޱתϸṩʥҩߡҶɱ𣬵ţֻǱ߱߼װ˼䡣
·ȥڹٵתǴͣ˳ŵػزݴʱ׺ƴ˲ǰһϸ߱ʱӭ˳λȣһ·Ƴģȱɣ
ֻһ䣬㶨ǵҶЦһ
ð׺ֱڲȰɡϺò裬òǮ
ġϸüЦؽһͶһ
׺Լһ룬ȴȣҿһ󣬳żϸһЦλ磬һһ룿
ǿɲҡϸæ֣ƹ񿴵ҪҹǮġ
ȣ֪ûж׺Цһ
ϸһôأ
ˡͻȻ䣬װƹһһ˳ͳӿֱȥס׺·ЦһʲôƨʥҩѾͷǿ˲ԣ
ֱӶ֣ɣƹɳơ
ɵ¹ȻǱ޳֮ͽ׺ƲŲæһЦ䣬ʱһλף̤»ԣֳֻ˫е
¹йޱ˵Ӱһϵר޴¹ĻӰŵϵ
ƾϸʱһ
ΣװƹɳһӿԳһλò׶ɫӼ׵ȴϵѵɢǿҵϢȻҲƾǿߡ
ϸǵͳͬʱ߷ֱγһΣ׺ưΧ
СѾͷϢȣȻǸսƾûжáɳЦţүȴǾȹ̵ĸи֣ټλֵ󣬲ʲôҩҲֱӽ£
ô׺΢΢һЦͻȻһ¹˫дԣɳնȥ
Ⱥú˵ϸһͳʹ˸ɫҪһԱ׺ƹȥ
ڴʱӰɶԳз䲫ҰõĲӥһ㣬˱󣬲ӦһƮѾ̴ǵͳţһֻڵľצһ½ǼϸУ֮£ǼϸޱȵĲҽС
ͳɴ۾͸Ʈ˫һֱӻ⣬еϡ
Ǽϸһʱȴˣħ֮צյƤⱬѣɻˣʹмУͬ
ΪԪʿȴа֮ҩˣﵱУҶ䣬ȴٲǾצһۣǻǰ׺ƽֵɳȥ
˴ʱȴǸ׻׺ƵĹƣҪڤ׺ƣɲ֮Լͬһһɾһ亹ȴǰæֹסԼȣʲôˣҹӰŵ£ǻòͷ𣿡
͸ȴǾ岻
Ȼ͵Ϯһ֮ӥðɱԪʿɳԼǾġҶʹħ֮צܽϸסһգȴҪгǿʵϸƾԪȻˣȴһͻǾצѳ
ʱϸһȴҶٲԸİУֱӼǿ˻𾢡Ƭ֮䣬ϸ㱻ħ֮צճ˷ɻңƮɢϲۼ
ɳڲţȫ亹
Ӱţ׺ƿŶԷЦӰŵóһɣ֮أôֱ޳֮ͽ
£ɳһ׺ƣ׺ˮľɽ֮ˣӰŵûаϵأ֮£˲ò֣ǿиԤǱǻ˽أҰĵˣʹʲôֶζΪ
Ц׺˵ʦ棬ôˣ쾭֮£ɵָʹͽǵʦҲҪ
Щ֮ˣ֪ǸʲôɫҶƽļ¡Ӱţֻ²Ӱ֮֮
㡭ǲǷҪȲĹͣɳͻȻϳҶޱˣһ֮һ׺ƣȴԭ͹ˣҪͼı죡
ԼƷвˣȴ˵ͼı죬Ц׺Цոһ·Թǰ˴Ӱţ˵棬ǽɵºú˵壬㲻
ɳˣ۾ת˼תͻȻһͷãֻҪ˵ҺȥҲ޲ɡ
Ҷħ֮һ˲㿴гα΢΢ҡͷֻʱƭǣӰźֻ·ָƽ㹴;ɱӰˣҧһڰɣ
ɳҶ˼ɫһ䣬Ҷ㣬·˹һ㡣
ħ֮ҲֻҶʶαȴܿġҶǺεȴ֮ˣҲµóԷ룬ȴԷ壬
ǱǹһӰ֮ˣ
ڴʱһͻȻһӰһӶڲԱߡ
Լʮòףһ£ְֳȣ·еĹһ㡣ԭأҶˣȴȫ˷ϾҡӣĿתɳغ£Ϊ
̳ɳһ󼤶
Ϫʯ׺Ʋһü
㵹ϵҡԷЦ뿪֮ʱʮɣԵǺá
ǿɵĵӡ׺ƣҶߣ˵
ҶˣȻûɢκϢҶȴԸӦڲͬ
ǿߣ
̳ɳš˹һڴɱλֵܣ̳ҪΪ
ȻϪʯ΢΢һЦ̬ݡ
ڴҪа֮ҩƽ㡣ޱԷ޳ܣɶŭȴ˵㣬һ˶ô޳𣿡
輰ʦϪʯɫһصغϡϵ㡪ޱĲŮƺ¥¥ɭıŮգұ˵ˣҵҪɱΣ
ɳ˸׳ʱҲ׳үҽվˣʹҩˣΣ
ɱѡҶ㿴ˣһЦƽ
ôϪʯĿһڣЩСС޶ף


175 һл
赲ңҶ㿴ϪʯһЦƨ
󵨣ɳϪʯһ
ƨ
ǿõĳʿǿеǿߣЦ֮֮ˣ
ʲô˸˵ǣ
׺ƲҲһϪʯ֣һֱ˼Ӧ֮ߣзѾ¼ƽϡԼƴҪҲҪʱסϪʯҶޱܿȥ
Ҷ㾹ȻԷֻԼŬϪʯҲԼһԶˣҪȫȻɱҶˡ
㣬㡭ؿҶ㣬޲䡣
ޱǸģȴ΢΢һ
ͻȻ䣬ޱ˵ĻҶȴ˹ǿߡ
ʲôСʱҶ㵭ȻЦһָɳˡ
˵֮䣬ͻȻһʱԾߴɵĺħǾ޴Ӱһ֣ʱҲסͻȻһ̤ǰȭϪʯȥ
񣿡ϪʯҶսħġ񡱣ΪһϵʱҶ㾹Ȼȴо㵡
˫ϵͬޣʷ޽УϾȻ֣һ֮£ȴԥ˲ţǷӦȰΪã
˼֮䣬»˲ֳֻ˫е¹˫ǰһ֮䣬»ԣӭźħľȭն˹ȥ
ʱħһȻһһһԣɳȥ
һ仯ϪʯĿɿڴҲ󲻳һ˸ߴľ񣬾ȻԷӳٶȡ鶯֣
һʱľ㵣Ѿʧȥͬʱ
ħѾһɳǰԷӦȭѾһػֱӴ˶Էǰٽɳһȭڵϣһǡ
㣡ϪʯҶ㣬Ⱦַŭһʱȴ֪˵ʲôźá
赲ҡҶ㿴Ŀ͸Ǹƨ
˲䣬Ϫʯɫͨ죬ŭӿӿ֮Уߵ¹趯УǺһԹâǵͬһ㣬ֱҶȥ
ֵСģ׺ɫ䣬鼱֮±ҪǰϪʯƴȴޱһס
ؿޱǴݵı飬о첻ѡ
ԶԷƣҶֻǵЦ
ǿߣȷʵǿµĴڡҶ㲢ûжԸǵķӡ
ս۹ǿߣҶȻһ̳֮ģϪʯȴͬľȻȹ̣ս۹ȴ̫Զ̫ԶҲǱ¦ǲµǺҪǿһѡ
ʱϪʯѾԼֳ벻мľʧ侲˻ʲô£
ԼԪֻ֮ƾħ֮ǺӣֺξϪʯ
˲һâҶϪʯǰһţʽӵľԪױѾҶϣħϵϢ˲գ֮˳ĳ̶ȡ
ԪףϪʯһףɾʧǲŵıôϣ
֮ʣҶѾǰħһԾһСɽһϪʯ˹ȥϪʯٹ˲ùҶ㣬ȴʱ԰ĵħ
ʱħȴͻȻҵħɢһɶ೤ĺȴҶߣҶһܺ͵ſڣϪʯ³һö顣˲׳󣬴ȻϪʯײȥ
һͻȻУϪʯֽţִ֮佫ǿ˻ӭ顣һƣһǲִӦԣС
ֻźȻ죬ɫʱڳ֮У˲ܣǲһµȼףƬ̼㽫ճ˻ҽ
һҽҲ֮𡪡Ϫʯ鱬ըú˳ȥȫΧǻյƶһ¾ͳ˽һšȫѪۣҲڵ³Ѫˤڵ󣬲ǿվþֵĿҶ㣬ȴתӣ
׺ƿˣðκŻţֵܣ׷Ȼ˼ˣǳûҪŶԣ
ǸҶ㿴׺ƣһЦҵҲΪֹˡ
˵֮䣬Ԫȴǻ˸תۼʧȴǻɼƬ»صҶԭҰħ֮ڽħ׺ȥˡ
ȻʹþԪףȴҪȾҹڴޱšʹ֮ʱҲֻ֮ܽӳһγǿ֮ѡ
ԭˡ׺ƻͷ֮ɫѵаգȷıⲻսҵļҴô䵽
˵ز˾Ҷ㿴˿ܣǻǱ߱İɡ
ǰȥһһһ·ҶĬֻޱ˵ͣ˵Ҷս۹йһսȫ˺׺Ʋָؿڣ˼ڳ֮ʣȴҲҶǹĿ࿴
ȴ˶׺̲סȫ˾ԪףʱӳҲҪСĽҪ֪һ֮ʮײ࣬˵ֻǸǿߵżѡ
ףлƽѡҶ㻺ͷȴٶ˵ʲô
磬񲻴ͷôˣޱɹе
Ϫʯ֮ȴͻȻоݣҲԼȴץһ˿˵ջ񡣡Ҷ˵
ǿˡ׺Ƽæ˵ʹǿĺ¡ҴطúϢҲֵܰΣ
ãޱæͷ
áҶһ֣ǲңԸһĶù˵ġ·ҪǸڴ˵ɱ˿ˣȴڴ˾
ǺáޱͷٲҶҶ˵ֻǴǰɱ
һ·һֱܵɫڣޱһİɽ꣬ҶտԨʯȡҰӪ׺ƿҶ㾹ȻտԨʯֱɾޱȣֻҶԼ𾪵ĵط»иࡣ
ޱ˼ζҰζԣҶһտԨʯ籮ռ֮С׺Ƽǲ⣬̲ס˵ɽҰζ࣬׽ֳã㽫ЩõķŵտԨʯУҪʱˣȴá
ޱЦŽȴǴ棬տԨʯĿռ֮Уһλǰæš
ʲô׺һ
һλʦǰޱ˵֮£ȴǶڿռ֮ڲϳֻǽʳڵĿռ֮ڡ
⡭׺ƾԼѾ˵ˡ
Ҷ㰲úһУùԼһһԾϸеһ˿
ƾ֮ת֮ȴҲӵ˽⵽˳һһ˿ߡʱץסһ˿ߣԺ֮ȴڸӦ˳֮أ֪䣬ڵħӿŸߴȥ


176 
ħڷӿţҶԭҰ֮ڣħħݺᣬ綼ҵض·Ҫ췭ظľ䡣
һħ֮УԼħ֮ħзһƬεΪ׳ۣҲĵԺ
Ҷͣڸ߿֮УħǵĹâҫħ֮ħϡħǺ֮·ħ׺һ⣬ŽµĴأȴ·Ǿϡ
ħ֮Уħȥ·Ǳĺַ·ǱĿⰲ
ҪȫõţҶԭҰħֱңԶԶģһգһὫȫţƬϵѡȨ񣬶ǿħ
ʱһħִħ֮漴㱻Ҷѹȥ
֮ǰҪʵҺ֮ϵּ⣻֮Ҫɵʹ
ħ֮Уħ𣬼ֱħ֮зԭҰ˲䣬еħ֮ʧɾԭҰָ
ＤħȴٲʧǻһСħ֣ԭҰ԰仧
ʵ֮УҶ㾲£ϵħȴʼӿͬһ𣬳ϣֱžȥ
찡׺ƺޱһվؿǡֱͬҪƲĳǹһֱϣȴɴ۾˵
ҶȴǱ۾ĬĬű仯
ԭҰ֮Уһħħ֮з˳ΧҶΧȭħħħսħħսħħħ˴ħΧһ棬ҶĿһĹʣ˲ԡħǵĹâ֮¡
һӿҶ֮иӦһٻԼӦٻħ֮ѡһյĹޣ϶ΪһΪһ塣
ħʱһԼԵ߻ħ񣬲¶Цݣչ˫Լںһ
ϣħȻͻȻҲһ߷Ҷ㣬һ߲СջΪһССġ㡱Ҷ壬ںϡ
ߴħ໺ƺںҶѡеһ
ħ壬ҪһħΪҽ֮ѪķҺɨµҵѡһǿȭıȭħǼħλǿĴڣ
ÿһΣͷܻǿУϣվƾ۷塣ҪѡһһȺ
һʱ䣬֮Ķʱħȴɢҫ۵ĹâʹҶԲ֪ʱ֮ͻȻѹ
ΪβܽǾڣȫںΪһ
˲䣬һ󵨵ͷҶУ͵شһ漴չ˫ۡ
ɣţħ֮磬ħ׺𣬸֮ħ񣬽ӡѵңͲͬʱںеħ񣬳Ϊеǿ𣿡
УֱӷߴħһԼ֮СɲǼ䣬ߴħ壬ʱͬƤһƺʱܱը
˷ħʹһ֮ɷӡħֺξߴħ񣡡
˲ٵ󣬻˶صľˡħҲãħ֮ҲãССװΣ繫壬սʿϵ
ߴħ漴ͬħһնԽԽСջһССġ㡱Ҷ֮СǾ޴ȴ·Ǿ˼ֻһ㣬˿Ϊ
һ̣ʵ֮еҶ㣬ϵħȻΪʵʣٴŸߵȥ
Ʋ౻ƣ౻ߣһ˲䣬·رһħһ𣬻ص˴˵سʱһƬӡ
ޱ׺ƶˣȻûмƾʿӣȴҲ˵ʱǶһ¡Ҷɹˣ
ʱҶ㣬ٲƾʿһߵĲΣһ԰ĲΣ

硭ޱ۾̲סʪˣޱȼס׺Ƶ֣סҡΡ
׺ҲڲšΪ˷ܡ˳Ҷʱ龰
ʱһʲôҲǵëͷСӡȻͳ˳ǿߣ
ж󣿺ʮɣʮͣΪǹĵһˣȣµĲŮޱȴʱͲʮǧ
֮Ҷһħ֮Žջص۾վ峺ˮĿޱ׺ơ
벻ȻͽˡһЦ
ҵ찡׺ƺðŷֵܣҼֱԼ۾죬㾹ȻΪ˳ҾȻ֤һλǿߵĵ
磡ޱɿ׺Ƶ֣ҶɱȥһĻ̲ס̫ˣ̫ˣڳΪǿߣӴҲЩˣƺ¥ҲΪһɣ̫ˣ
Ҷ㵭Цţ§סޱǴﵽ˳һǱǿߡǵ·ܳһȴҲʮ׵Ĳ࣬˳׶ϣﵽյʥ֮ţһб㶼ֻǹ̶ѡޱģһŬһﵽһ磬ʱҪЯֲһǰ
ãޱصһͷ
ֵף£׺Ƽ˵ֻϧڻɽҰ룬ûû˵ġ쵽˳֮УһҪõľƵ꣬úףһ죡ƽͣ
ҶޱɶЦ
ܰʱһĨâȴϢҫͬһ콵µ磬Զһϱֱ¡;赲ľһʱΪ촷ۣ谭ǰҶĺĺݺݴȥ
׺ֻǰâһǹѾҶĴȴĻᶼûУ
ޱǺ֪в֪ΣѾǰ
ҶȴһƬ壬ɲǼӦǵâʱסޱԾһֱֻһ֮䣬׺Ҳһԡ
һ˸գٿȻͣסɢȥҫ۵Ĺ⻪¶һӰһ£òãǫǫӣƷ绪Ĵ塣ʱôźâ۾Ҷ㣬ɫһƬ䡣
¦Ҷ΢΢ü˵˵֡
ȴǷڤӣ¦
ʱУһһ˸ߵĺش󵶡ǵ£бָ󷽣ȴǰ˫֮â̬һӵоƻĸо
ǵϣԼشһļµĸоҶʱѾΪǿߣǹ֮âʱ̲סľ
Ҷ㣬һԵ¦Ҷ㣬кѡڴ˵ѡڴ˵ؽԶԶǳڲ²λǿߴﵽ˾û뵽һȴ㣡
СԵɡҶ㿴
¦͵ϮСоޱߵشȡ
Сˣ¦һЦһƾʿһǿߣʹʲôֶζ˵ҹ֮֡ܽɱֻʢƽԪ¼һʢҵ¼ƽԪ˵ö԰ɣ
ҪʽϵһӢȥҶһЦޱƽ˿ҹҪˡ
¦ͷҪϧ


177 ս
ҲϧҶ㿴¦ͷϹ΢Ц
֮ͲҪֶİϷˡ¦˵ʵǱ˴˷ǳ˽⣬Ϊǿ˵һˡ
硣Ҷҡͷ֮븸Ȩҵϱػһ˳ҶСһ򲻸Ტۡ
Ҷ㣬ҾǸ¦ɫһ
ӣҾ㻹ǸҶ˵
㣡¦ɫ仯ȴǶŭҶ㼸仰ʧƽġȴЦ
Ҷ㣬ȻҶ˼ֱӵƣƺʾԼϵ
ҲûеҶ㹧һ񡣡ȻҪָن֮԰ɡ
֮䣬ȴڿ˼ʽĿ¦ǿߵϢʱɢ¦ͷһ
ֻǳ볬δϤϢ򲻿ոս֮ɱ
սǱ󵶣ȵʱӿĿҶⳬǿߣкη壬ɱ⣬͵ǰ̧һն
ǵҶȫ޷˼Ҷ㡣ɲ֮䣬һ׵¦һס˴ǰȥһԶľ룬ʱߡ
õҶ㻺ͷһ̧ʱֳħצ֮ΣӶ֮䣬צӰӶֱײڴ֮ϡһʱĽ𣬵ȴδסǼǰҪҶնɱ
Ҷһȭףʱǰȭһһȭֱڵ֮ϣһ죬֮ʱֹסֻҶȴҲɵһסΡ
Ҷ㣬ɣ¦Ц˵Ƿ֮糬ǿߣ볬粻ȣӦ֮Ϥȴ֣
̧֮䣬˫ս󵶣Ӷ𣬺նҶࡣ
Ƿ֮Ҷ㲻һ
ΪףȻ磬ƴ¡ͨգǳеǿߣ֮ⷲе飬Ҫⷲ
ǷסߣȻǳȻ֮֮ⷲⷲ⣬Ȼʥ
ѵ⵶Ȼʥ֮ôܣ
Ҷо㵣ĿȴסǴ󵶣̲ס࿴ΣӶжϡ
ħ֮ڽϾۼʹж֮Ƶ磬ת۱ƳɶԶľ룬ȭͷһ֮䣬кħľޱ۳࣬ȥ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷȴɫһ䣬δȭʱջأһֱֻҲֳħľȭ͵һۻࡣ
ʱһâնһֱϣŷ⡣
Ǵ󵶣ȴԶһնա
ѵ˵Է䵶â֮ǰȴδҶ㲻΢΢ü
¦һе֣ȴЦ̧һӣǴ󵶣ٴθ߾ٶԶҶݶ䡣
ɲ֮䣬һΣոҶͷҲ룬ͬʱ˫ϵֱֵͬʱĺħޱص𣬷·޶ܽͷס
ʱһâնһԾޱ֮ϣһĻ⡣Ǻص˫۱ƿһ룬ЩնҶֱ֮ϡ
Ȼƿħۣ֮Ȼǳ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ첽ˣʱֻ񽫴һ֮䣬һâʱ𣬶Ǵ󵶣¦ȴһʧ
ޱ׺Զţͬʱ
ҶҲüͷ壬æȫй֪ʱӦռƺʲôԣԼһΣϢæ첽һȥ
ҲʱһâǴһҶ㼲նȥ
ƶ
Ҷƶ֮о㵶˼룬Ѿʱſӭȥħתƶ֮ϣʱ۳һ޴ıܣס˴һն
ڱ֮ϣ˵һ죬ƣͬشһʯ顣ʱһԶɢʱ߽ɢˤһءǴҶնȥ
ѾҶȴ׵һƣ㽫֮ץУס
˵ȻǷǷ֮Ŀ¦ͷϧȴһ鷲
δ䣬һâȴͻȻͷ֣ŵâһͷʱѪɽ𣬷·Ȫһ㣬ǼʵļȴʱƿһӣһֱЩ䡣
ƺУҶɲˣħ֮ʹƵ磬˲ѾԶ
磡ޱ˫ͨ죬̲סҽһʱҪǰ¦ƴ
¦һȣһ֮侹Ȼг֮ȴޱһԭͣס
Ҷ֮ս˭Ҵţһ¦޺˵
˲
ޱŭȣұһҲҪɱˣ
˵ţҪǰ
ޱҶȴǴһսҪ֣
ᶨȻȫԡѪȴͦɽһȫ֮ˡ
硭ޱˮȴǰһ
ǿߣȻһˣһսȥҲƽԪһˡ¦Цţֻϧ˻֪ƽԪѾǳǿߣɱ㣬ȴòӦ⵹ź
ǵǺҶұţָ̧ǵ
籮¦ܵͣ͵ֻõһ鱾õ籮Դ˷ƷҳΪ˵Ŀ꣬пԣȴ벻ܵõʥ߻ӣҾ籮Ʒս
ʥߣ
Ҷͷһݣѵ˵ʥ֮ʥ߾ڰػܣ˴ʥ˵ɽҰĴ壬λʥ߻Ȥ
ǰɢϢĴ󵶣ҶȴֲòϣҲΩʥ˲ֹ
㱳ʥ߻ӣҶһüʲôЦ
׷ˣ֮ܡ¦һЦǵѾˣҲ㡪սӵƿ޿ռ֮ʱɴ˶ܵ޿ռ䣬ʹ޿ռƶɵ޶ݷ˲ƶգʹԶȴڽ˱޿ɱܡҶ㣬гҲвһս
ôܹͨõʥ򣿡Ҷʡۼֻǰųһλʥʥô㣿
̽ҵܣ¦ЦҶ㣬㻹ʡʡɣȻҹɣȴԸͿҵܣκ֪
˵ţ͵̤ǰһһƻӳʱսҪҶ㼲նȥ
Ȼ㲻˵ôҲֻˡҶ㻺ҡͷɲ֮䣬ħصһħһȫԾ֣˲伯Ҽ֮ϣҼ紦ǶϿĹ⣬ۿɼٶȿٵϡ
Ҷһ̧սħ˲伯Ƽ䣬һɳ
ʱɳȴҶ֮ǰ֮ɳɱȣɳʵ·һС磬һ±㽫¦ΧС
ķȻ¦һЦҺΣ
͵һӵɳ֮ʱ޿ռѺۣȫƻ¦һ𣬰Ȼѳ
ڴʱһֻ˪ȴݺ̤
¦ҲΪ̽ս֮ͬʱ̽ϵܣŹѹ㻹浱ԼǸƾһɱң
Ҷһ


178 ߿
˲䣬ֻ˪ޱߺ¦ݺ̤ǾδѾȽ¦ΧеǺ䣬Ҳ֮Ӳ
ʲô¦ߣּսնʱеâճ֣նڱ˪ϡһ֮Уֱӱն룬ʱڿбѿΪм䡣
¦ȴδϵ˪˲⧲ȴʱı˪Χ䡣
̹ǵĺ֮Уȴһ˿⣬鲻ԽرҪս֮ʹ޶ݷ
δжһֻѾ͵һץסӣܻʱȼ¦Ҳоȫȡ
նһʱӵֱǻצֻһ㽫ħ֮צơ
ħ֮צһƣʱըĽϣ¦϶˲ٻ𻨡ǻһ壬ʱӿͬԭ֮һһƬ
¦̲סһȫϨǻ棬һֻӿָʹ޶ݷʱһһ˫˫ʧȴ֮пƶת֮ʮ⡣
Ϊץ㣿ҶЦȻ¦ֵתͷȥȴҶ㾹ȻѷӵԼ󷽣˸һĹâǹâ̴ܴһα֮Ҷ㿴͸Ωһʵ
ܣ¦ֵشţУȻתһҶն
ˡҶ䣬һץ֮䣬ұϻȼգȴսħ֮ۺϳħ֮צֱץסǷս
ҶͻȻһޱۣȴǺսħֱֱۡһ֣ʱ࣬͵ǰһѪħֱȥҪħ֮צս˸顣
¦ɫ࣬һеطǰҪսһʧսħ֮צУħ֮צĿƶת۾ҶߣҶһץС
ȻһѺõҶ㵥յĿڵƶͷԶޡ
ʥߴ֮öᣬǴ¦˫۷⣬Ȼŭ˼㣬ӿУٴγ֣һ֮䣬һ⻯˽ϣһƻҶХ
𣿡ҶһЦҲһҿǷ˰ɡ
̧֮䣬һƣһɶ೤ĺʱֱ˲ǰ˶һſڣɫ֮棬ʱǽ֮£Ƭ̼㻯˽ɢӱ˽ˮһ㡣
ǰһײϣǺųͳһ±ײ֧顣Ʋֱ¦ߣһ±㽫¦ס䲻ȴѷֺ
ҹһ˱Ҷսе¦˵ǷڤƽԪǷڤӣԭĳ£ȴܶɱ㡣ΰңȴǲ㡣α˷ڤȨֻ·ڤٲĵ¦ʲôԣͿ˵ɡ
սҶ㲻ħս֮ȴһԿǿޱȣ¦ɢϢһ޶ȴѱѶԴȴںֱӽԭҰħ֮Уʱħ׺ɢ
ħ͵ؽս֮УʱҶֱΪһ塣Ҷ϶Ȼһᣬ·ֻһëһ㣬󣬽һ˸ߵĴڿӰ
ۼҶɵս֣ޱ׺һޱ̲סԹصԹǣҲ˼˵Ҫ̽¦˼Ϊˣ
¦Ҳ治һ㡣׺ȴ¡ҸоϪʯ佻֣¼֮ͱնˡҲֵʵǿոս羳ѹ̵ǿһ㣬Ʋס
ۿҶһ¦òɸӼסӿɫǵĿڱǶһ˫۶ȴſҧգȻҪҶԶ֣սɱ
Ҷ㣬ɱҵģ¦סҶ㣬ݺݵҧ
ѵλʥ𣿡Ҷ㵭Ц
ȷʵڵȣ¦ٻʥ̫֮ˣʥҲ̫ˡΪоԷ֮ʥ֮ԼиĸֱڳףҲ⡣
ɣٻɣҿһʥǷ˵磻ҿһʥǿ̶ֳȣ
ʱһӰԺڰзתۼ¦ǰһۣһʽرߣȴ¦ߵ߿͡
ʱ֮͸⣬͵ȫڼ׵ֳڴ͵һħͷϣȻҶħĺɫ飬¦֮Χ⡣
㣿Ҷ΢΢üͣ˽Ų
Ȼ֪Ͼ΢¦ߵˣҲ֪ߵܣ浺һĻȴǼ¡ʱ߿صý̲סǳǿߣټ̲סȫӦԷϢȴȵط֣ԭ߿ֻƾ
ƾΪεʱȴܷӳǰҿħһǳǿߵʵô£
һѵҲƾԪ׵ķʹ֮һ
Ҷ㣬Ϊڤθһɱڤӣ췴ɣ߿䣬Ʊˡ
ЦҶ㻺ҡͷ£һУֻΥʵ֮Ʒ֮Ȩ߲ŽС췴Ҫ췴Ĳңȴ¦
ɱ첻ġ߿ЦͻȻĿһ͵ǰֱҶɱһʱڤеϣȴʱһޱߺ͵Ҷ
ս뵶֮һҶ۷ŹâսһӶһâֱǺ֣֮Ǻ䣬ڿзѳ롣Ҷ㵥ֳһ˳Ĵ󵶣ȴһëһ㣬ɻʱʮնȴǿзֳĺնм
ֶΣ߿ʹһͻȻһֻ͵һâͻȻҫһص˲쳹أޱ׺ʱüͷҡβվȣЩ
ҶǸоͷһʱħ֮˲ѹ
ʱһâȴһֻӣ˲仯һ䷿ݰСҶݺ˹
÷Ҷһսսս֮Ϊһ壬͵ն˹ȥ
һ˲оΧĿռ䶼һƬޣ֮УȴֻԼ廹ʵڵġ΢΢һ䣬̲סһǰʱԽ룬ֱ˿ӵϷ
һ֮ʱԼȴʹ¦˵ġ޶ݷֱӵ˿Ǵ֮
÷ɡҶһЦ֮䣬ȥץӣܵ޿ռʱʧԼʵռ֮УۿҪӡ
ָһӣһҵ𵴴ȴԼֱ۷飬һΣոӿæһսֽ޿ռ֮УһӵԶ
޿ռ߳Ǵ͵ڵϣ޴֮ԶȴδּݣֻǸ֮ܵߣѾʧˤڵϣ


179 ʥߴ
Ҷ㲻ɰ̾һ
ڴʱ¦ͻȻһ𣬺УҶƺ䱳һŻӰ֡ǻӰһûҶȴûܿ
ʱһȵ¦ɢֱӴڣʱֻһ죬ȴ쳹˷Ҷɫһ䣬ʹ޶ݷ׺ޱߣͬʱѩӰ
ѩӰʱ֪طɱǰޱſں˪ӰҲɱ˹Ҷ㽫սһӣһ޿ռ֮С
׺ƵͨƥȴԣҲ޵ֿ֮类õڵϣ°ĭ
Ҷ޿ռ֮Уֻľ󶯵ݣƬֹ̼ͣǿڴһ֮ʧ
æ޿ռٿ磬ȴһֻԲ֮ڣȴľ飬ʯмأҲһɿĴӣڻҰݷɢ¶˵µĺɫ㡣
Ҳã¦߿ҲãȴӰ
ȻǸˡҶҡͷһ̾Ǽ
ȴֹⷨѾ˳ȴսҪ£ô£
ʥ߻¦ôΪ¦սӦǿŶԣΪ¦߿͵ķȴսΪ
߿ķΪʱóһʼ¦ⷨԼûκλᣬֻһ¾ͱˡ
Ĳӣ¦һ𡣵¦Ϊβһʼʱ֮սϣǲǸ׽Լնɱ
֣ʵ֣¦ϵܹ⿿Ʋȫ޽⡣
ˡޱܣɾȻƻδš
ķȻҲƻֻǷΧ϶ԡ׺Ҳ̲ס˵ʵ£ȴδŹ
ȴǷ֮¦뷨һ𷢻ӳ¦֮ءҶ㻺˵˵ز˾ǻǸϿ뿪Ϊ
Ҳá׺ƿǰɴӣµص˵ͷ
Ҷٴʹ޶ݷŮһ뿪ӣԴ˷ּٷһ󣬲޿ռ䡣ޱѩӰ׺˪Ӱҹɫǰ·ȥ
ͬʱ¦ȴѾ֮ĵط
һ֮߿ֱӱ裬ڷ֮ʱСɻ߿͵ϡһȾתۻţ¦߿һУƬ̼ͷɳ֮ңһɽۡ
ҲģҲģ¦ɽϣŭʥ˴֮ȴȻɱҶ㣬Ӧҵķ죬Ϊζ㲻
ȴǴ³ѪһˤϣȫֹƺƻһľѾӣ˼ԪȫҲʼ
Ȼ䣬ǵٴγ֣򿪣͵ĹâУޱΧѼٶ޸塣
ѡ𣿡һ̾Ϣ֮дҵ¦ȴѾ⡣
ΣȻѾˣҲΩмȥ¦ԶҴı֮һȴҲ뾫񡣵һ˰ȴʹ˳ΪˡҪŬﵽˣҲʩӸ֮
˶٣˵ʧսȴҲǺ¡Ȼңȴɳû˹ƴһʥ֮սΪǿΪ֮⣬֮߿ԶеʮԪʮƾ
ɲ֮䣬һâֱӴ¦ڣ¦ʱ
ʱ߿ȴͻȻɢǿҲֳΧ
ϸȥȴɷ߿֮µ۾Ȼţȴڻ֮С֪ǺŻʱȻһػ¦
һߣҶ˷ɱۣԶһսɽأֱһ֮ǰһɽ֮С
ӦȫˡҶ㿴˿ΧһͷϢһ󣬵ù緹ٸ·ǰ֮ҼҿջúϢɡ
ֻϧһӦҰӪþߣȴȫﱻˡޱһЦƽ㣬ֻίһϯضˡ
Ůⱼʲô׺һЦȴ̲סؿҶ㣬ҡͷ̾һ޷ţֵ˳ǿߣ֮ˡ
±ϡҶһЦƽ㣬ޱǹǸոս֮ǰҲʹùԪףӳһЩĵãӡ̣㶼ǽպ档
Ȼ֮ãʱҶϯض˶ǽˣҶ㵱Ȼܲ˽Լĵһһ׺һ㣬ֻﶼǱΪ֮
ޱ籾͸׺ƣһֱҶߣ̵ЩȻҲǸȤȴ׺ԡ
һ⣬ֱɫգ׺ԣȴ޾⣬Լ˿ôڱ£ػζϸᡣ
ҲѧƽһȴһɡޱҶһЦսҪϸаԹ̾硣µǰĴ󵶣ҪúĥĹãҲˡ
áҶ΢΢һЦޱ֣ȥˡ
Գ֮գֶйâ֮䣬ȴһֺƺҲûôҫۣȻɣʵ벻һɫԲ̡
˼֮䣬ɳڣϸ𳬷
˳һںϣȴǴкô˽ս֮ʱʹȻ˼Ͼ룬ȴһΣաһУΪһ壬ȴǹһ壬ǿ
ݣȴȻ԰쵽ˣС֮ޱȣȷʵҪʱպúĥųɡ
ִտԨʯռ䣬ŷеսȡ˳ǳصĴУ趯ţħУΪһ塣ʱǵ·ͱֱ۵죬ʹޱȣĶ쳣
һ趯һսá䣬Զ֦ȴڵâУһ䡣
˵ȴı仯仯ľ룬ֻǲǵĵ䣬ʹڻӵ֮ʣжϣȷҪնĿ꣬ս޿ռ֮ʹ˲ƵǴâնɱĿꡣ
ȷǺõҶĿսɻͷ
֮䣬ȴĿһΪϸ۲֮ȴ֣սƺڲϱ仯ţȻ仯ϸ΢ĸй٣ȴԲ֮£ħϸӦȴ⵶Ȼڱ仯ڱ仯֮лš
ѵ˵δΣ
һ


180 չȳǣƺ¥
ٽһϸظӦҶȴӦһͬϤħ֮Լڣ֣޷յ
Ҷȷһ˿ĴڣսŻ᲻ϴڱ仯֮Уһսȫܷͣӳһʤֽ
ҪСʹô˵ǲСһ˿֮ţֻ´˵ǻˡ
һҶ㽫֮СĵպãŻصտԨʯռ֮С
Ϣһù˷·˴һ·κ¶ˣ˳˻ƺ¥¥ڵĿչȳǡ
ޱļ磬û˱ϤڹٵԶԶǹ֮ʱޱ˷ȵ˳ǰǴҶһȼȥ
վסʱسǾʿסҪ˵ʲôҶޱ۾ȴʱŹ⣺ѽⲻС𣿡
ɲҡޱЦŵͷһûԷԼ
ˡһʱ׾ʿæЦŹ֣С㣬ɡ
㡣ޱ˵Ŵֹ֪ģֻǻصһʱˣȴˡ˵Ҷ
׺Ҳǣǡ
ڳжУޱһָŽʷһָ˵ųڷ飬һ˵Сãһ˵Ĵķ羰ѣ֮æͣ
ʱ˱һ¥ǰ¥ԺڲľɽʮС¥̨ͤ׺ȥ¡
ǻƺ¥¥ˡޱָ¥˵
˵ţȴԺӭ˳һ˷ܵشȻǴС㣬Ȼǣһ߽ţһ߳嵽ǰ׷ޱʺá
Сã
С㣬ɻˣ
С㣬ˣ
áãޱæǵͷ΢ЦҲأүү͵趼𣿡
ڶڣȥɣЩ˼æͷ·ޱҶֱѩӰڷɳ۶ȥ׺Ҳֻ˪Ӱ˽ȥ
һ·ϣʱüӣƺǲ˾Ȼڻƺ¥Ժһޱ㶼¶˾ϲЦݣһʱСϢ
δ¥֮ǰɭѾһȺӭ˳Ҷһ㿴üϤףȴǵոɭϹ浺ĳ뾫ӢǡæѩӰޱһˣʩ
үүǻˡ΢Цת׺ǰʱɭ˵үүƽڰ·Ҳһˡ
ӭӭɭЦúϲ£죬һĵķʱ׺Ƶףк׺򰴽أɭʩһ˻ƺ¥С
¥ûãޱĸӱһλֻʮĸ˼Ǹ̬ãƤϸ·Ůһò绨ȴޱơʱޱ˲ᣬ棬˹һѽޱס⺢ӣһȥôãΪˣ
ޱҲᣬʱԪӦֻΪҲˣҲÿ춼㰡
ĸŮʱɿ޳һš
ޱĸˣޱɭҶߵһЩĻ˵֪𣿡
Ҷ㲻Цˣǰӹ񣺡Сˡ
áá洺磬æҶ㡣ͺãͺãӣҲٿˣúЦߣ˵
ޱᣬŰĿൽҶϣҶʱһ񣺡Сĸˡ
ʲôС˵ġޱЦˣ⺢Ҳ̫ˣһˣˡޱһʩء
һ˲ɶЦ
ĸ׺ƴʱŹǰʩӺޱæ
һڶУһ֮ʱΪҶ׺ϲˮ
Լɭף׺ʾ⣬׺Ƽ˼ֻһˡ
⺢ӣؼҿǲǣޱޱԼ£§סţޱò˼æѡ
˼ֲ֣ǰ磬ر߹أҷڤƽǴӢء˵
һŮҵʲôӢۣޱҡͷҪ˵Ӧ˵޸Ӣ۲ǡ
˵ţĿҶ㣬һЦ⡣
ɲǴӢۣɭźЦƽ߹أ߾հƽԪ֮ϱ˭ĴָӣСޱ˵ΪޱҵүǲҪֿ
ȷʵͷޱȻ˵ȴЦ绨á
Ҷ㣬ȴ֮ɫ㣬ϵ鶼ҡ֪֮ºѾϼӹϵ£ΥŹ洦áģٲˡ
ع𣬺ûзʲô¡ҶЦͻȻǧæ˵ˣʦҲͬˣλԺ򡣡
˵ţæտԨʯռ䣬籮ռкʦѾ˻ƺ¥ܸó˰ɣ
ûʱ䣡ռңңǧԷʱҰѷͽãһؼ֮ʱʥҲû
ҶҡͷһЦֻտԨʯռ䡣
⡭һȴɵۣǶҶеտԨʯԼ۾
ţֻЩ죬ĵرĿռ䷨װС磬үտԨʯѵһλ̲ס㵶
籮ƷɵġĶ֪籮֮ߣҶ㵹Ҳ
ɶǺöɭǺǵЦţȴֻͣʵ㰡˳·أרŹأ
үүˡҶ㵭һЦȴֻ˳·ؼ
һؼҡֻͷһů׷׵ͷĵ˼ҹΪȴǰǵһˣڼӣ
û´ĻǱӰȥİɣɭ֪׺Ҷ㽻ʱ̣ҶĽҲǳҲ׺ƵˣҲл˵
Ҷ㻺ͷܻԤӰ֮££һ֧ƽڤҵ;ƽ㣬֪״ƽȴӰгǰһˡ
Ŷ˶һȻ˭Ҳ֪¡
׺һͷ籾Ӱ֮ˣСʦʦԩȥһŭ֮²ӰţճˮľɽšӰŴԾӣ˴ӰųĴ£ȻҪ֧Ԯʦ档
һŲǶأޱ˵ǾȻڰ;壬ҪҩԻƽ㣬ײƣ罫ȫɱˡǸʲôϪʯҲ仨ˮ
Ϫʯһڳϲɶɴ۾ޱ
ǡǲǿɵͽܣĸ𣿡һϽʡ
԰Ǹһޱһͷˡϧʱûܽǻڣֻ·һ޿ܣ
һ۾ɵøˡ


181 Ӱ
˵ʲôɭ۾ޱ˵һ飿
ġҶӹͷԼսһսŵľԪףѹΪԼãԼһӦ´½һ顣
ޱȴòʱͷ˵һ顣һ˵ֻ˾ĶǣŽŲѣҶԪ֮شǿϪʯʱɶ֮˷ܡ
ںˡޱ˵֮һЦϪʯһս򣬲֮ǰȴͻƾĽޣ̤˳һ
һ̲סٴó˾㵵ĿҶ㣬Ҷ㵹Щˡ
Ҷѡ˵
һסɭһҡҡͷңңͳǾΣ
Ǵϲ°۾Ź⣬һƺ¥Ҳгĸˣô˵ƺ¥ҲΪһˣ
ޱɻûءޱһѡһ˵šţһߴҶ㣬ԽԽ
ͷôߣãҲӢãʿɣã˵ѧҲߣãﵽ֮ã
ŶǰӲЦҲǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ûɭصͷ˶ӵĻ˵ҿղײգ⼸һ¾͸ǰѻ°˰ɣ
ԡԣһ˼æͷ
׺ƲһЦ˵ôģһûƺ¥Ƕ˷ܹˡ
Ҳ⣬ԼҵһӢֿɿĳֻ´ҲἱԼˡ
ôģޱһɫȴһƬͨ졣
Щ׵ĺáɭĳж֮ʱҲ㣬뵽סʱֻһݱãʡ˲ٵǮء
׺ƲɰЦƺ¥ҴҵֵܸǹΪںǮ˵þͲԲˡ
үүҶ㵭һЦҲ뼰ޱףҸԩδѩҴʱףȴԸĸ
ԡԣӵͷ⻰˵öԡȴ̫ļ֮¡
ҲˡҶ˵ʥѾ֮˵£¦ȻҽȴҲκҲãʥϸΪ£ңΪҸѩʱұԴӭȢޱ
ãǿɺãޱͷ
ޱңҲ˽°֮áҶ˵һֱæµȴδݼĸʵյֻ˳·ôҲʽݡǼүүȴǳˣǰµƸүү
˵ţտԨʯռ֮ȡ˫˻ǰ͵ɭǰ
̣ɭһҪ͸ң
ǡҶͷʽǰ֮ʱдϡ
ˡɭҶ㣬лͷˣȴ˴ǻƺ¥⣬˽͸ңֻΪǿƺ¥ʵúӣδһˣˡ
Ҷ㵭һЦ¡
ޱһҸЦݣޱһ£ġ
Թɡɭ̣㣬ȥӰŹ£Ҫô㡣ʵ˵Ȼһ֮£ǲ̫ƺ¥ӰűϾôһЩȴ֪һӺͿ˵ţڽἰʱȴǰöࡣ
ʵʤ𣿡Ҷʡ
⵹֪ɭҡͷֻӰŴСˣɿƹܡ˵ֶμߣЩӰŵĴ󲿷ֲƸȴȫӪãϵ£Ҳ棬һͽʵǿԶԣһôƣҲ˲ŵ㡣
ʦϣɿʦһΪ˲ŵˡ׺ƺ޺޶Щ䲻ӰţҲµóɱǲ֮ǰֶΣʹʦ˲ŵ㡣ʵʵʦҪȿ
ûгĵӡɭ˵ϪʯɲϣʦҲҪܱ
ڲޱ̲סһ졣ƽˡǰҪǿһЩŶԡ
⵹ǲ١ɭͷҪ˵ǡ˲СӣӰŵӰ죬ֻҪӸ룬пڣӰűдʲƸˣͨҲã̳Ҳãѡ¶ܴӰɡ
ˡҶ㻺ͷһ¡
ǸɵйءޱЦ
⵹ǣɭͷ˵ϣ˵籮ռЩˡ
ᵽм»Ҫ鷳ǻƺ¥Ҷ˵
Լļң̸ʲô鷳鷳Ц˵
ʦѾ˲ףĿǰֻװ߽ˡҶ˵׵ĲȻ࣬ʱ漰֮£Ҫŷġ
İɡӻͷұ֤ŮԿˡ
磡ɭЦŴԸʱгϿʼž硣һ˾һһǴ⣬Ļϲ
ڿչȳжһպҶޱ׺ƴǱ˻ƺ¥ˣҪӰǱȥɭƺ¥æȴ׺ֹԵλ֮£ϾӰż£ȴӲ
ɭֶҶһޱ򲻷ĵذޱһԣǽŮȻСڣЩȴܲע⡣ûʱ㽲Ů֮£ԼȴҲְ֪ɣ
ޱɺ쵽˲Ӵ˵Щʲô
Ůˣܲ˵ޱЦ˵ĴܵģйŮɸˣŮҵҪ֮
ޱͱ˵Щ˵
˵갡ޱ˵ĵҲûʲôҺҲǳ֮֮£ֻ˵֮ʱŸӣǱŸʲôģǲͦÿ԰
ѽ˵ˡޱ߸һޱ֣ܵҶȥˡ
ˡ˹һЦŮˣɷˡ㲻Ҳˣ
ޱһۣҶޱһԽͯŮлϲϳЦ⡣
Ǳ˻ƺ¥һˣȥƺ¥Ĳṩƥԭʲô⣬ޱȴⲻ˰ţˣ˳ؽ˪Ӱø׺ԼҶ㹲ѩӰ
׺ҲŮңǼ꣬Ȼ֪⣬һЦ֮Ҳƣ˪Ӱһ˳ǣ󶬳Ƿȥ
չȳ󶬳ǲ·̣ѩӰ˪Ӱ֮ٷͬһ㣬Ȼδż·ֻһʱ䣬㵽󶬳ǡ˽УҿջסϢһڶ뿪󶬳ǣųɽȥ
ȵʦķϰɡɽں׺ƴУָŲԶһɽ˵СļңʦĹҲɽϡǰһݹڻȥһݡ
áҶһͷ׺ɽȥ
ɽţȴʱʮɫӰӭһɫ䣬ΪȣʲôˣôӰصأ


182 
ЩӰ䲻һĲʮ꣬ʵһ㣬ڽ׺ƣֻ¶Ҫߡ
׺һЦ΢΢֣λʦʦܣԼˡ
ԼˣΪ׵һʮӣ´׺ƣüôϵ㣿
λʦ֣ЩһֱУȻϵҡ׺˵˷֮죬ǼʦҪϷʦ
죿Ϊߴ׺ƣЦһʲô˷֮˷ֻ֮һˣǱĪĪʦ֣
󵨣׺ƲȻŭʦǳϵӣͽְ̳֮裬Ź𣿡
죡Է۾Ϊ¸𣿸㣬˷ѱڴĪʦ־סǵôϪʯ̳ز㣡
ϪʯʲôҶɫ䣬纮硣
㵨̳Ϊʱ۾ǵ죡
ҿǼ˲ǵ졣Ҷ̧һɳʱ٣ʮһС
ֵܣɱ֣ǱϾӰŵˡ׺Ȼа⼸ˣȴ֪£æ
зִ硣Ҷͷ䣬Щֻ߷ӣŵЩ˿޵ﲻݣȴһˡ
Ƭ֮䣬Ҷ㽫һӣͬʱԶŮ΢Цתͷȥǵۡ
Ů֮䣬ɳ𣬱еȫˣϵȴƬɢ˶þŴơ
Ϊ棬ԶŮûתͷȥʱһȺӣȴɫ죬æתͷȥ
ֵܣ湻ġ׺ƺ֮ʣȴҲЦ
ʮȴǼһæסҪλΧľ֮жȥΪܣȴҶָһȭħֱʱ³֣קˤ˸ʺ
ǣϷ塣ҶһָɽСŶŮ϶ȥѩӰŤͷһˣЦ˻ȴ˪Ӱ֮ϡ
һȺ֪ĶΪе㱾£͸ҰΪߴʱ𣬲˳֮ߣЩĴ˴У֪ͨɽϸ֣
ȺʱͷҪɽȥ
ҶŮ϶ȥ˰;֮ʱ˪ӰϣҶ㽫ѩӰ˪ӰտԨʯ籮ռǧ飬Ů˳ɽϡ
ߣȴһȺǰѯʣĲƣҶҲǣһɳ˹ȥɽʱֶһȺƨɵӡŮʱȴӣЦ֮ģ͵ۿһƨɱȴ˴˶Ц
һ·ϣҶ°ʮ˵һ·ȴһʱǽҪ嶥ԶԶѾԿΰլơ
ǰʱû׺ƿȴüڽ鵽ǸʲôĪº󣬲д˸ı䡣һ̫ʦҲǣǿ͵ӣʱ
ҪȥȴӰɽ϶ǰסȥ·
˾һٷƮ䵹мֳ֮ˡֻüĿ֮䣬ɫ̫Ũȴƻʣ׹˷³֮С
ʲôˣôôӰصأ곤ɨˣ䣬·϶硣
ʲôˣ˷֮Ҷʣȴս
壿˻ӣȴһͬЦ곤ߴ׺ƣһҵ˭ԭĵ׺ơ·ȥɣ˷ѸΪĪ壬ĪʦֵľӴ
˭ľӴʦĹȴڷϡ׺ǿ̵ŭҪϷݼʦ˭ң
׺ƣҪһһԹԿͷϴԼ·ȥͬţͲƽϡ򡭡
ΣҶʡ
ʲôˣ˵Ҷ㣬һֺӣ·Խֱؤ
ССԪҲҶҴСУҶЦһͻȻһץħ֮צնֱӽץצУǻƤ⣬۵˲ҽвֹƴȴѣ
󵨣һŭһʱʥҶ㵱ͷ䡣
ûʶļһޱһȻı£Լ
δ䣬Ҷһץȴһֻ˪ֱ֣Ӷסǵʥʿʺ˪ʱӵȫݴսʥҲʱɱˣڵ
һɱ곤۷ź⣬߳񣬾˫ҪҶ㡣
úǾҶ΢΢ҡͷָһɳʱЩ˶Уз׷֮䣬ǵҲն˸飬ǱһС

ɳһȥʱסҪȴĻжֵ
ߡҶ㵭һЦޱ׺϶ȥ˳ɽƹǴլ嶥֮ϡ
ĿȴзĹӰҶ㲻΢΢ü
ʦ׺ȴǱһһĲȥбˣҲзŭ֮ɫһᣬһֽǰĳݰγȴ¶һʯдšͽ֮Ĺ
Щ̫ˡޱΪãô˵ƽʦҲӰյĸ֣ǹȥҲĹ˰
ȥæҶ첽ǰ׺ƽĲݰγȴδħ
ˣԳݵĳ֮ġ
ޱҲǰһæ֮ڽĲݳȥ¶һ
ʦͽТ׺ƹǱǰɷʹһͷؿȥ
ҶޱһԣҲĹ˼Ȼֻ׺ƵʦһԹ¶֮󣬴ȴǵĸһ㡣ҶδʣҲµõ׼õϣȴȻǵ죬δˣҲо
ʲôˣĪϺ֣
ڴʱһʮӣʮ˴ӵ»һ£һֻҡϪʯмơ
Īࣿᡣޱˣţȷһƾ۷ǿߡͣͨǼˡ
Ҷ㲻һЦȾƨҲˡ
ȵĻǸƨޱװ˵ԼȴԼЦ
׺Ƴдŭת˹ʣĪࣿ
ǡĪ໺ͷҡȡϵ㣬׺ƣ׺ãǰ׺һݹ졣ˮľɽˣȴӰ޹أ˭׼㵽ģ
䲻ϵ㣬ΪϪʯӣȴߣ֮㵱֪׺ָʦ֮ĹʣʦǱ֣˷ԭҲΪ壬ʦӴڽҲͰˣҲˣΪ󱲣ȴǰ֮Ĺ
Ī࿴׺ƣЦʦɲҵġռĪ֮λ۵úܣȴûнƽֲֻݣѾǸˣ
ʣ׺Ʋ˫۷죬ӿһ»׵¹ʱ֣Ӷ˫УĪɱȥ


183 £
Ҷ䣿ĪһĲм䣬ҲԾһ¹Ż˫ӭȥϣ糱»ԣƬ̼׺Ƶ¹ʮ£漴Ѱ˸ǰһײֱײ׺¹ؿڣײĺ֮ʣһǰһնȥ׺Ƶ¹նƣɢڿա
Īɱ¹ٿ첽ǰٵ׺նȥ
Ϊ󱲣ǰǴ
ʵҶȻֻ֡һ֣צӰѾӶɨ¹壬˲¹㱻ֳ飬֮ˤһأɢڿա
ʲôˣĪ಻ɴŭҶ㣬ɫˡ
ƽѡҶ̬ݣһЦ
ôӣȻҴҰ׺ƣڴʱнԷ¶ΪԼʮָ߱׺
ǷŹ棬һɽϣ˺ƺƵΪʮ֮꣬ǰһ㣬ɢƾϢ
һĪƸ׳˾ۼһ𣬶ҶŭĿӡ
ǰ˵ƽ㲻Ǳ֮ˣҪŹǰìܣЦҶ΢΢һЦҡͷ
ͽ£ĪӿŭһָҶ㣬ǴӶʱͷһ߳ϵһ߳־ϵͭͷһҶ㹥˹
£ҶҡͷЦһӶ𣬺ħľޱʱϣȻֱͭͷٶ֮죬ȴսħһ޶˲䣬ȭѾǰͭͷȴֻüձ۷ȴδɣͱȭһɢ
ȭһȭһȻ֣սħ֮٣бħ֮һȭ㽫ɢ١
ôôǿĪۿҶ֣ʱλƾֵֹƣŵɴ۾ʶǰ˴󲻼򵥡ƴийȥӦȴǿ͸Ҷǳ
Ҷʵ̫ᣬĪȴδ뵽ǰʵһλ֣
ʱҶһ֣˪ϣħ֮˲ƶλƾǰ˫һֱ̽ס˼ϱħ˲佫У޾˶ȫӲ˪
ְ˼ĿȴסĪ࣬Ȼûκα飬ȴµı黹Ҫ¡
㡭ҪʲôĪһ˲о׹Ŀֲȥ
ɿ˫֣ĸˤڵأҶȴһѾĪǰ̧ᰴĪͷʱ޾ĪϮȥĪӴ£һٴγ¹ٵҶնȥ
ƾ۷壬л֮Ҷ΢΢ͷһֻϻ𾢲ƣȴʹħ֮צһץ¹˫ٺݺץ¹ϣֱӽ顣
ֻҲĪϣͳȻ𾢡
һ׹ѣһȴƵ˵¯ĪĪʹ̲࣬סҽڵϡ
ȻˣǿҲԪһʱĪױҶƷĸŵˣɫ԰ף֪롣
ȴǹ˵طҶͷĪ࣬ҡͷǰҪǰǰúùſͷ
˵ţֱӽĪߵķǰŹڱǰȣͷ
ĪȫʹĥѾ޷ܣȫ˵棬ҪҶȴɱܣһͦأ뷢ݡ
ҶһЦ͵ħ֮צĪץסȻһ˲յĪƤ役ڣҶ䣬һֻʹħ󷨣Ī֮ȴֿٵػָ
ˣĪڷָ֮УȻ֮ǣȴԶ׹ʹ֮еĲҾ֣һĺС
˿ˣ޲ľսŵȫս
ͷҶ䡣
Ī෢ҽУסڵؽţҶħ֮צֻħҽΣƬ̾ͽĪָ糣
ȴջ٣˿Ҳ֮ǰЩһ˾ۿƽｾһķ˿̱ɳӤһ㣬Ȼ£ȴ̲ס͵͵Ц
ĪʱĻ˵϶£Ҷʹǿµĥ֮æ˵س֮ĹͷţТĪ࣬ûкúÿǰ֮ĹǴ󲻾֮ǰ飬ˡ󱲰ɣ
ƽ㣬㿴ΣҶת׺ơ
˰ɡ׺дΪ죬һ뵽ĪϾӰˣҶȴˣԼҶ̫ȴӰŶǰ˰֡
áҶͷתĪ࣬ƽĹ㣬㲻ٿͷˣֻڷǰúùһһҹ˼ԼĹɡ
˵ţһץʱץն굶
󣬶ԸӦøΪҪȡտԨʯռƷ֮ʱҲýռȫ򿪣䣬ֱƿһڣ̽ȡ֮
ڱ￴ȴƾձһ˷ȴ˼δ˲ɷٴŵȥ
ҪʲôҶȡĪ಻ɴ˸£ŵɫ
ҶҲ£ն굶һӣʮӰڿпǾĹһҶ˲ĪڣԭҰ֮С
ʧȥƵĪ壬㱣¹ƣڷǰ
Ҷ㵭һЦն굶һȴǰдտԨʯռ䣬ն굶С˿ȴǵգֱҶһ׶ʧգޱ档˶ɴۣҶ㣬г
ƽ㣬ݹǰҲ˰ɣҶת׺ƣʡ
ߡ׺һͷܡⱾͯõļ԰ȴ󱲾˾ġҲգ
ƽ㣬ȥʦ𣿡ޱʡʱôˣɼǵס֮أ
⡭׺һһЦޱãʵ˵СʱûǱȥ治֪ʦںδ
㡣ҶĿһһָָסȺһˡŵֱ£㵽ȴֱ˳
¡Ҷ㵭ȻһЦδʲôӦܷ֮£ҲΪ㡣ʵشǵǰӷϣһд͡
Ȼк£ԼĪһ³ǴŶ˹ǰ·¶ȥ˼Ҷ˹ʱŵضһߣó·
Ҷˣһ·ɽ˷£תŶУ߹ɽһƬ֮СڴʱҶͻȻӦһֵϢ΢΢ü
һ˲Χâͬˮһ˷Χȫ֡ǹⲢҫۣ֮ͬԣȴ仯޳ͷĿѣ
ãӰֻش󣡡׺ƾһ
ޱһץס죺Сӣ뺦ǣ
ҵ°ŵÿҲ֪˭ﲼ˴󣬲°
ޱһѽƵһԣҶΧ
âУ


184 Ӱֻش
һ֮ӰΧţ粻ϵر仯˱治ңԺһƬ
Ǳõ֮Уʱ֮âҫ𣬻Ϊһ룬˷Ǵ·ӰʵͣȵֲסΧӰõĴ̼ȴѾ̱һţ¹֮͸ȫѪ
׺еʵʱҲѾЩܲסǿֵ룬ޱ˼׺ƣһֵȴ޷ƿӰ֮
ǿ˴󡣡׺ƺ޺޶Ӱֻش仯ֻ֮Ƴɣ䲻ֹԻ˵ĸй٣ȱ仯Ϊ֮ʱԻ˵ǣʹ˲Կءʱǵı㲻룬Ϊֲ֣뽫ɱ
ҶŮʱΣգֻħ֮ع۲ı仯ֻΧ¹⸡סڣ֮ԴȴУĳסʱһǴȴǻһ£¹֮룬㽥Уݺи˲ͽӰ˵ʬе䡣
Ȥ
ޱȣȴȤȻֻ֪²⾪̾
ȥУҲ֮ķλɰǧλʿ֮ͬɣĴ޲Ǿ˲Ϸḻӵǿޱȵ
һ֪Է飬ֶȷʵޱȣޱȣǳǿߵķҲ֮ȡ
ֻϧǿȴֻܲڹ̶֮أȴ޷ƶֻܳΪȴ޷Իɱ֮С
뵽˴Ҷ΢΢ҡͷʱһȴ仯Ϊ£ݺҲ֮䣬֮״ٶȸӿ٣׺Ʋɫ䣬ֵܵޱҲһ֮סԼ׺ƣȴ
ҲˣߡҶȴΪ⣬֮䣬ɳֱ˳ȥеֵУԼ˶Ůħ֮֮ʣѾ˴·ǰת֮䣬Ȼ߳
˲䣬ӰֻشʧΧָֻʵ硣ȴֻѾۼǧˣһԶЩ˶ɫĳȻӰˡ
ۼҶŮӰֻشЩ˲ɶ¶˾ı飬ɴ۾ˣȫԼ۾
Сñ£Ȼ߳Ӱֻش󣬹ֲеӰҰʱһȴһӰͻȻӶһƼ䣬һ»γһ޴ĻУֱҶŴȥ
һУȴо°ϣϢ·ﶼҪΪ֮ݷڵأ֮ܿС
ʹҶ㣬һ̣ȴҲɱ޴ѹסһʱȻã
ۼеشҶ͵رâħӿ֮䣬ǲԭҰħ֮еľԪ׷Ϊâϡǧһ֮͵شһƣ
˲䣬ɿ˶Ů֣˫ȭʣħ˫ȭ֮ϣͬʱһɳѪħֱײǻ֮ϡ
Ԫ֮ټΣ֮ʱһȴγ˫ؾʹһ֮˲һࡣһ֮УӰҷ裬޴ĳҶվΣ̳һߣȴҲ˼վȡ
ʱҶſˣȴһ׷ʮߡòϣĿ͸һĨ㵣ھ֮УһĨɱ
ºֻ֣ǳҶĳͻӰֻش֮ʱ͵Ϯȴʧַ緶ɣҶϹâһԪױ㻯˼Ƭջħ֮СһЦһ֣¿Ӱſɣ
ʱΧһƬѻȸȴеӰˣҶһֹ򾪵ôסˡ
ɫһ仯һϷǣСӣͱ֣Ǻηˣ
£Ҷ㡣Ҷԡ
Ҷ㣿ƽԪ
ȺУʱ˾漴֮
λµӢۣƽԪӦΪڤĴ
˵ֻƾôȻ볤ϴƽ֣
ԣƾỽų֣ȴֻʹ֮ûл֮Σ⡭ǳﰡ
ȻȽԸͣôܣ
Щۣɵɫʱʱף۾ø΢΢ͷԭȴƽԪݹ٣⡣ƽԪǽˣɲᳯ͢һף㵽ҵĵؽ磬ҪҵĹϷδ㣬ôɽţǺε
ſɣҶȴ׺嵱ʱ˵Ļ
ǰеûǵվҲֻһ԰о˽ıǮ
ԼֻһƾʿʱɻԼ̸ʲôǺεһƴˡ
ɽţҶ㲻ҡͷӰ춬ǰʱɿ׳ˣ
ƽԪȻ֪ǱųϣӦ֪ʦȥ֮Ȼɳɴʱ͸ҶǳȴҲʱȴѹˡ
ҼǵòĻӰλϡҶһЦָ׺ơҵĺƽ㣬ӳϵͽ˴Σ̽ʦ档ӳһ£ѵҲҪõ
һ죡ɫ䡣̽ʦ֣ȻǴĪµӣô㣿
˷屾ǰ֮ݺȴΪӰʵӦ˷ãʾҶ٩٩̸ȴ˷͸ԼͽΪĪ壬ĺĪǰ˴˷屾׺ƣȴԼҴ򣡡
ӲţȴǱŵĴˣЦ˵Ϸǵһ˵
˵֮䣬ӿ»Բơ
ҵҪһ£ƽԪжٽУӰ£䣬һ֮£ΧǧӰŵӣʱҶΧס
ڴʱһߵ𣬽ţһӰֿˣ첽ǰȴǸʮߣ뷢԰ףĿ飬Ŀºͣһʱȳſһ֣ʦܰ¹δ֪ͨ㣬ȴֲúǡ
ʦ棡׺һߣʱ첽ǰһ¹ڵءͽζݼʦ棡
º͵Цţ׺Ʒ𱸡⺢Ҳǣңô¶
ʿ֪ȻӰһߣӡ
ǰҶ㹧һ񣬡Ҷ㣬ǰ
ޱǰޱҶ
ѽԭǴƽԪͲŮﰡӴЦţͷû뵽λȻСͽѣ
ʲôһһ֪ӵԼҲû취Ҷ֣ȴˣ𱸣ͽѹŵӣʦ֣ⳤô˵
ͽԲѷǰô˵Ҷʡ


185 ӵѡ
ˡ֡ԼˣһᣬͲҪˡʦܣõɢ˰ɣֲ֣ô˾಻ãɢˣɢˡҲطˡ
˵ţЦǺǵ׺ƣҶޱȥһĸҲֻóһ·
Ҳûа취ߺߵؿţһ֣ɢˣ
һɢȥֻǼ˶̲סҶıӰо̾û뵽ƽԪȴиȻ׳ϴƽ֣ⳤֻ֮λ˭ң滹δ֪֮
ʦ±ôˣλƾʿ뿪Ⱥߣһ˵ʡ
ҶҲ̫ˣĪ˸ڷǰ˲Ī໹ôˣ
ⲻǴĪ࣬ҲǴ
˲˵ţɲŭһұ죡
ŵü˼æסڣͷȥ
ûһģһӢ۶ʲôãûҶ㾹ȻԵסҵɱ߶˸Ҷ㣬أʱǶ֣Կֻǣ
ʱһ˷ɱ˽ʦ棬ʦˣ
ãɵͷһЦʯǲǿ൱˵ţ첽ȥʱصԼڷϣ֮УʱϪʯӭԼ
ôôòŻɲʵ
˵Ϫʯ̾˿·һ׺ǵ˶֣ǰû뵽ȴˡǵƲŸһġ
ʲôŭ𡣡׺ƣѵҶ˵㣿
ô֪Ϫʯһ׺һһֵܵؽŵġ
Ҷ㣡ɷȻһƣֱӽԼԱߵ˸飬ŵļӶһ¡
ôˣϪʯһãȻ
ʦܡһλ곤ߴ˹˵׺ѾصڣǸƽԪҶǴ֣ǹĪ·ķǰ
ʲôԷ˵꣬ϪʯѾȻŭ̫ϴһвСӵĵñȥɱ
Ǹ𣿡һ
ֻһƾʿŵľԪ׶ѣûʲô¡Ϫʯæ˵ϴֻǡ
ƾʿȴһʯ˵Ŀͬһˣ
ӦǰϪʯһ׺ֻˣһһǻƺ¥ޱޱƽԪҶѾ֮£ôҶǱҶ㡭
ʲô˱˵ġɺһʲôʱ£
ǰ¡Ϫʯ˵
ʱƾȷ׷ʡ
ʲôȷġϪʯε˵Ϊʦƾ֮֡ͽˡ
ҡҡͷʯ֪ΪʦһбҶ㣬ȴɱȥһл֮䶷˸൱
ʲôϪʯסˣ漴ҡͷ¡޿ܰԪײôǿ
ǽ˾Ԫ֮ɻͷ䱾ҲСʯҶѾǳ֣Ҿ繮ֻ̣Ϊһס
׾ǵӰֻش󡣡һɵĵ̲ס졣
ܣܣϪʯ˸£ôܡ
ûʲôܡɺһϵĴȴġֲĲŮޱصظȴԭȴҶ㰡
֮ʣҶȴѾһϡ˷֮ˣɫͰ˱Ҳ֮ǰҶӰ˴ྶͥ
һ嶥֮£׺̲סʵʦ棬ҴҲҪ֮λôȴδô
ҲûҡҡͷǴ߲ǿٰɡ
ˡ׺Ƶ˵ͷ
ʲô֮λȴǿúܵһЦֻʦܽԽű߼ʣֻ˴Ȩ֮ӰҪһñ仯˲žλӡΪģӰŲ׹䣬ΪЦ
˵ţɳ̾һʦ˼жã
ˡͽ˵䲻Ļ׺ƺǲ˵˼ʱҲǺͿúܣֻؿɣʦԩ
ô˵ʦһ䣬º͡漴̾һҵĺͽϧȴ磬ȻҲӦóΪˡ֮ȴţʦһˡЩҲܹʦʦǸϵˣ˲żüò˵ڴС¶ҲһæʦܾҵʵŻ߳һЩ
ʱɲĴˡ׺̲ס졣һЩʲôˣĪϪʯ֮Ͳ˵ˣ·ϣˣȻҪа֮ҩԸҡֵ˵һƺҩƾŮӡ
ǡҶһͷڿջ֮У͵ǶԻ
˲Ӳҡͷ̾Ӱűɣȴ
ԣҪ֮λҶ˵ΪĲһˣǧӰŵӣߣȫˡ룬ӰĴа·ẦҶ޹ߣ
һͷһӣǴ֮ǰȴٲˡһֻôҺദһƬг˶ãһ·õ죬ûܴԸȴӰ˸ΣΣҲˣ
ǰҶͷȭΪ񣬡ƽʦ㣬ЩҲóҵ˵ʵ˴ˣȴǷ˻
һ漴ͷȴˣǷڤƽԪر߹صĴԱ
ڤȻµһǿȴԪӦ֮ݣҶ˵ҾֵҪԭ򣬱ǷڤȨ䣬£ټϻ¦һΪԼ룬´ףԪӦΪ¡ʵ¦ȻȨ¦֮֡Ǹ˹֮˲ŻңҲŻˡ
붯ù֮Ҷ֮λȻҾ͵Ͷ֮ң֮ջȨǰɣ΢Цʡ
ǡҶͷǰģ״ƽһϵǲӦ͢ҲⲻΪҵλѣΪİ
ãӲЦƽԪǸ˲Ӣۣ֮Ȼ
ǰˡҶһ񣬡״硢ƽƽǰǿ𣬽һ㡯ǡ
㡣ͷʵ˵ʵڹĶǣ֮ˡԵúܵһ㣬ȴԶġǵʦΪͽʱҵĶ˵ҽܷΪ֮ˣ֮еĸ֣Ҫμһ㣺֮Ĳ
ȻһܡҶ㲻Ȼ𾴡
ϧʦȴһǲľӡ̾˿ʦ֮ȻҪƷȴǼѡҵʵ¦еͬˡ
ǰ֮ܶλޱʱ̲סһ죬ӲЦ
áãͷ˵֮λӦæ
лǰҶ㼱æΪ
æһ֣˵ˣҲǰ¦࣬ǰﳯֻ͢ǰ㡣
лҶΪصʩһ
˴ԣǰ˸ҶԼվһߣԼʲôǰʵۣΪҶ㡣ʵ۶ҶʲôãôͲֻǵһˣͬʱӣӰš


186 ʮկ
ʵ˾ģҲҲŵ֪һйء΢΢ҡͷ̲ס̾Ϣ
˶ֻ˵֮˲̧ͷڣôҲ벻ΪԲһյЩɽȻȴʦܵˡ
ɽ׺Ƴһ˵˵Ȼɽ
ҡҡͷЩɽկġΪɽկſˮջȥҺʦֻΪӪеԶΪأʲôӪǴҽᣬӺնѣ
Ҷ䣬ᶨ
ڶڣ漴̾Ϣ
ңǵõʦһʱ¡˵ʱǲǼĺӡ֪ɳͬŵʦֵֻܽʣǼͬʱΪڳϣһξôȥȴӡ
޷¶ģôӰŽдѡҶ˵
ǼᶨٴӲһ¡Ƭ֮˵ĿҲᶨ
Ѿ˾ġ˵ֻʱʱһˣ龰ǣҴӦԽὫǰ־ȴֻӰŵĽȺ֮س֮
ұؾɹҶ˵
ǰЩյϢ˵Ϊ˶ԸңʦʮɽկկҪȡ֮λұûһ򾡣ֻ뿪Уȴǵĵɽ֮ơ
½ҰɡҶ˵ޱƽ˺ʮȫʮɽկҿԵٸ֮֮𣬾˰մ󻼡
ãӵͷ΢ЦұҲڷ֪δôɽг͢ٱ棬Щ˶ӱˡáã
²˳١Ҷ˵̾ͳԷб䡣
ãһͷһ֮ڳУʱһʮ׳վһ֣ͽڣ
Ϣõģǰȥɡ˵
ǣһ񣬳Ҷһ֣˾ƽԪˡ
ʦ壬ԼˣͲ˵׻ˡ׺һЦ䣬ȹ
ڿɵĶĿڶࡣ˵ǻҹ֮ʱ뿪Ϊ
ǵءҶ㵭һЦа취˶޷
˲ɶһҶȴֻ΢Цӹһ񣺡ǰҵĺϢɡ
á΢΢ͷҲأ֣֪Ҷʲô취ɽҰӰŶĿ
ǱӣҶŮȥ֮ԺСתһȣһСҶȴͣ½Ųǰһȡ
ͣҶ֮һץʱһһ˸ߵĴ󵶱ҶУһ⡭ʲô
ǷտԨʯռѡޱЦŽ͡
ҶҲͣսһӣʱһƬս˰СۼΧɫ䣬Ȼ
ǰþҶţ˵޿ռ䣬ʹһַΪ޶ݷ˷ҵȿ뿪˵أ˲
˵ţչ޶ݷżһ·ɽ¶ȥƬ̼Ѿ·һ·ԶУӰΧ
ǰȺۼ֮Ҷ㷢ʣ֮ѹһ̾ⷨ棬һϸֱΧһָ󶬳ȥһյɽȣһɽկȺۼҲǸϻڵ;Уջ˼׵ۣ֪¡׹࣬ȴǶ֣Ÿϻڣʦ
˷ãҲҶһ˵һս޶ݷȴտԨʯнѩӰ˪Ӱ˳ǻǳаɡ
Ҳáͷ
˵Ůб𣬵ͣȴ׺Ƹ൱ڵıʦ壬Ҳûôɻ䣬һ˪ӰҶޱѩӰһǰһ󱼳۶ȥ
󶬳ǣȥ飬һնʱһ˵һҰ֮ءϸֱ棬ָһͨС·˳롣Խߣ·ԽխѩӰȻԱα磬˪ӰȴǽޡҶɴཫһͻտԨʯУּ䴩УȴǷ㡣
ǰߡ˴֣һɽȣһָǰҶԼҶӳ֮£һʯɽկɽկһСǣɼѾӪ꣬կӴҽķᣬ򲻿ܽ˼ΰ
ɽկģгǽ¥дƤ׵׳ֳ־ķΧ۵ס
ξͲ֪ˡ˵ɽկķ̫ܣֱȵϾˡ
ҲȻޱ˵ǰлԪصķߣ֪ʲôķˡ
ԪӦڽأԪӦް취ԪķǼõġɵͷ
˵Щµʱ򡣡Ҷһ֣ٴȡս
ھͺðˡзŹ⣬֪ǱУֱɱһֲ
Ǵ⡣ҶһЦӵʹ޶ݷ˷ǰ޿ռ֮ߣȴ׵شǽɽկ֮С
ɽկ֮ڳؿʯݣгȴֱǸСһ㡣Ҷ˽޶ݷ֮ãƬ̾ҵڷ׾ۼ֮ء
Ǵ֮ڣʱȴǰŴƼȣʮΧžʹʮ˾΢ϢܶҶһ۾Ϳʮ˽ƾʿ
ȴӦʮɽկ֮
λʱһ׳վ߾پƱԶկҲڸ˹ʮȴǼˡһ㣬ѡҲԶˣҲֵ꣬ӦúϼһҪʦ֮λ˰ɣ
ʱ˵ͷʾͬһվ˵ҿʮλկʹӰŵ·ʦһĶ֮УƣСһƵˣ
ɡһҡͷ֮λֲǽɱһӵϵ²ܷ˵ڶףֶƾʱʦߣȴ̫ۣɡ
կ˵ô죿ǰǺʡ
ҿǵô϶֡կһЦ취˰еĸȻʮһǳĸ֣ҲҪǲƤο϶Ļгĸ֣
ⲻʱЦǾô죡ͽӦϡʱ϶һҲûУô
ֻ֮£»Ҫɣһȴüʦ˵϶ĹǱһЩġ
¡һ˴Ļ书һ棬Ҫʱǰ϶һ־˭ֻ֧ʣһĸ֣ӵ֮ʦ϶ʱȴýʲôˡ
ããһ˲ɴЦ
Ⱥ޳֮ͽ۾죬鲻Խӿ
ԣбˣʱϯһʱվĿڸ
һҲʱʱй֮ɨӣȴӦˣȫ䱸ܲ˵ĵطȥ
λկǷʢǵĴ磬ٺò΢Ц֮䣬Ҷ⿪޿ռ䣬ʱ


187 ɱ
ʲôˣ
ôģ
ôûв
ܷˣ
УʮǾ㵣ȶǷŭһ߿µΣǰ˰Χ
ʲôˣһʡôģ
Ҷ㻷ˣȻЦǲҪⳤϵһճɵˣǻ֣
϶ˣ
ϵˣǲ϶ͽ𣿡
ɱǣܷǻȥǵĴƾҪˣ
һʱ䣬糱ӿʮկԻԼǿһ¾ͱ·ӵ
һ˿ҶӰֻشɶγƽֵһĻֻȸϵӿ˸ţȻ֪ҶǳǿߣӦҲһ׶ѡ
ͬʱʮλƾǿߣһ׵ĳʿҲԼһԼȴƾȫ֣ʤҲδ֪
ֻǴһսȻա
΢΢üʱ¹׺ҲǼؽޱˣȴɫȻûмٻ
Ҷǰһ˳սƵʮ־ˡһӦկǿµĴ󵶣ӦȴԸ֡
˵ɱΪβ֣Ҷ㻷ˣȻ
ɱһŭȴǺһ߶ߵľ޺ͻȻһϵľ޹Ӷо޴ǰſ׺ƺݺ˹ȥ
˸󣬲ȴǼų޳֮Ҷҡͷһ̾һ֮䣬һӶצӰʱǾ޹նˤһأצӰϢǰȥǾ޺ǰһû
޺Ҷ㣬ҡ˼£ͻȻҽСǲҽֻһ֮ʱӾķѣȻȻֹ
Ѫ罦һأʬˤѪУȥĿġ
һɽկȴɱ˵״δƵ׺֮⣬һţһ˳
磬ǰ㵲סƴǧ֣ɱɣޱ˵ţȻһϹâһ֮䣬ȴӶһƹһկųկǰһկϣկʱѪһƬѪģ
ʱޱѾ̧һָ߹㺮Ů¹֮Ʈ䣬ֱӽһ飬ڿз֯һ¹֮Ƿųʿֱȥ
׺һȴϣ¹һǿǹȥ
Ҷ֪ʮ˲ͨСɫһ˲õƾǿߣԼǴڵ˼ôԼʧֻоҪˡҴ⣬һ֣ȫԸһЩկǿɵùֱӳҶߣ似˳ƣ㱻Ҷһż䷢ֱ̤Ӳȵ÷顣
˪һ̤ʱõҲ̤ľ£ɢı˪֮ΧλկȫӲȻֻȫˡ
ʱҶѾһץÿʱһֻħ֮צһ½һλկץסȼƬ̼ͽճ˻ҽ
޴ӰХԴ˿µɱУֱҶҶҲΪ⣬һֳֵһֻȭȭʱӭ˹ȥɢҶһֱ̧֣ϻƣ˲ɻ˿֯˱ǹּλկţȻУʱըƬ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˱Ҷɱ˵ȲɺۣҶ˹
úáҶ㵭һЦͻȻ佫һתһɳĺڿ͵һܣײ÷飬ſ͵ףʱλկϻ֮У˲ҽ׶ԿȴǱճ˻ҽ
Ҷͣ׺Ҳ˸Ⱦ¹Ȼ֮䣬ͽһƣཫٻֵկɱ
ޱХһ֮ȭ꣬ڽǸһʼ㱻ʿŰݣض
һת㺮Ů仯ʮӶƮת裬ķʱңŮͻȻһկȥ֮£կķƮʵ÷飬կҲʮƮͬʱУѪ
ת֮䣬ʮ˾ͱɵһ룬ʣµһʶԼʲôһɫΪվȴҲӼԣһ߽еλֵܣһƴˣ
ãУʣµİȴޱ׺ơභ̼еߣһγһһһҶɱȥ
Ѱ·Ҷһֹ֣ҪˣһЦ֮䣬ָǰһ
ʱɳٻǵկȫС
ǿķһկһ񣬱ʱһڱϻһѪӣŵ֮࣬æԼصߣȫֵǷС
ҲǷѣկַͬٴκ
Ҷȴᣬǰս͵ش棬һ˫ȭ࣬ȻһϡǿѪħУʱ飬ཫǱŵλկúɶˤڵʱ˼һ
ȴ˹࣬ˡ
һˣ׺طҪ˺կ
һе֣ҶȴͣЪһ½ս˳ħ֮һԱȥս£âԲͬλֶλæӦеկնɱ
־ܣҶնɱ˺ֱӽստԨʯ֮Уԭأ̧ɳԽλկһ
ǺһߣһѪȣԼǰĿ䶢סԼҶ㣬ʧȥ˶Կ֮ģȫ֮Уȫ־Χ
Ӣۣ飡һţȴԼ
áҶһͷָָ棺£
˱ҶĿһգ͵زһͨһ˵ϣͷȥٿͬҶ㡣
أҶˣֻȫ׹һ㣬鲻ԽҲѧ֮ǰ˵ӣһ¹ڵء
ô𣿡ܣ֧Ĵòбڣһصʬȴһеĸо
ʮλƾǿߣȻôˣ
ʮ˶ɥڵء
ֻʦˣҲһɣ
ҶıӰͻȻ˸ߴ󣬷·ɽԼȴǴɽӰ֮һС
ôʦȻ֮ܵλ
һ˲䣬ɼ
ʱѾɽðΧȴڡĿԲб͸ЩˣʱҶ˵ƽԪҵȳȥȺС
˵ţ׺һͷЯֶʱͲҽС
㰴˵Ҷ㲢ķңֻסˡ
ǡǣͷһɫ԰ףȫ


188 ƽկ
áҶĿˣͷҪ֪˴Σ˽ΨʵУĻָʹ֮ˣһ·
ǡǣ˼æӦ
ǷڤƽԪҶ㡣Ҷ˵˴ν˷ˣǳ͢Ӱͨʹһհ޷˻֮٣ǵɽկһһҪγǱָʹߣҲؽܵɷƲãǴ֮ģΨһ
ǡǣٴεͷͬʱкȻ֪˴ѵ
һһгǩֻѺҶտԨʯռȡīֽ⣬ŵǰ˲Υʵֽд˸УҲӰųϿɰ֧Լ
ٽʮɽկϸλöдҶȡһŵͼǷڤȫ֮ͼ󶬳Ǽչȳǵ֮ݵݵͼڤʮĴ飬봦ǵ۶ΧֳܱʮݣʮλأӰһݣݡ
ͼҶ֮ʱ¦ദ֮ͼϸɽͼʾ
ڵͼϸѰңʮ˴ɽկһһ˳ϸλϸдֽϣؽҶ㡣Ҷ㽫һӦƷȫտԨʯռ֮Уȡն굶ͷųֻĹֱڣԭҰ֮С
󣬽˶տԨʯ籮ռУǧ˳ſ
֮׺Ҳת˻ȴѾɽկආӱ˸ɾ
ôһǣһвٺûޱ˵ϸһ˵о޴ջ񡣡
һϸȻƱƥԼһҲһջҶ㽫֮װտԨʯռУ棬ħ֮ɽկһһݻ١
˼ɽկȥֻ½Իд˾ۼڴˣΪһҶȴܷɽկĴڡҶ֮󣬼˱жսɽկΪƽء
ȡɽկֱ֮ӻصӰӱϢҶޱѩӰ׺˪Ӱһ·󶬳Ǹȥ֮Ҷֱ󶬳ǳظȥ
ظظʿһ˴ʱǰΪ׾ٸȣʲô˴󵨣Ҵظ
ƽԪҶ㡣ҶޱһĺӡȡǾٿʱùЩعʩ񣺡û뵽µƽԪȴᵽ󶬳һúүݣ¹Ұ
ŵһҶ㣬Ҳ۾Ź⣬æʩ
ǳشҪ£Ҷ΢Цͷ
ʱرӭ˳Ҷõ˸ڣźҶȴһ֣ضףҴ˴ȴΪ˷֮¡֪Ƕʥߣ˲ǡһ֮УжٹԱ佫ȫʥϣ
䲻࣬Ҳ١ؼæ˵ݣЩ޳Сˣ˭Ը׷
áҶһͷȡݵͼͬʱóдɽկϸַҴ˴ǰרΪ˷ˡܻ֮׽ɽկλͼǰҿĳıҵЩΪһկ
үرɼһȭڱǲԶһ·֮أһɽȣһɽկޱȣ·ۣҡ
˵ˡҶһ֣һЦѽΪƽء
رʵһϲһأ¹Χʮڵİлү
ʮկףƾǿߣжѾΪɱʣˣѾҹѺҶ˵ɽկЩǿף޿ѣơ
رˣһһλƽԪԪӦ֮УƵ󣬻֧ԪأΰҵҲ;òϡˡҶһͬıرҶͬУǾƽ˻
Ҷڸǳ֮䱼ߣ֧ɵĶ飬Դӣѣ˲µʱ䣬㽫ʮ˴ɽկʯĴկݻٳ˷档һʱ䣬´˾С˾֮ɢӣȴʱһƬʰ֮ء
һ˷ˣȴջ޴ʮɽկѳĽƱȴԵֵһ˰աһʲƸҶ㲢δ˽أ˳ƶ
ݰյ֪˻Ϣ޲֪ٱ˷˰λڤƽԪ󣬸Ǽޱȡƶߵõ֮󣬸Ǹж¡
˵Ҷ㿪߾ƽ֮٣ڵ֮ԶڵֻǾôʱ֮٣ֱʩڵذգȴʹмΪˡܹ˻˼ңڼйҶλһÿռݣڸܷ˺ĸ̴֣ǺʮҶ
һʱ䣬Ҷ𲻶ϣҶ֮쳹ݣ˲֪˲˲м˵Σ֮ʱȴҶӡ
Ȼ˸мҶ㣬Ȼ˰Ҷ㡣
룬ݸ֮ڣһΰĽεض׳̶̾Ϊֹȴһ㲻ڵ۶Ļʳǡ
ʱǽ˵ĸ̨֮ϣһѮߣڴƢ˫ۣ׹䣬ŵΧ߲סˣһֲѡ
˶ŭţһƣһʳɳȥ¸̨֮֮
ˣ¦⣬Ȼͬĸֵܣʵ¦常
ҶʲôԼԪʵźȱ磬ԳȴܵӵĵҰ¦ŭ𣬡ʲôһֶô޷죿˵һֶҲҪҼ֣ʲô
ŭ֮ķӿ֮䣬·ΧĿռ䶼Ҫ˺ѡһɫʵ͵ڵϣ¡
ʮկӰ¦ŭʮկȫƽˣӴ˶ʧҪĵ̨ôٽȥˣˣ
ʱһ׳ŵӴֶ񣺡үϢŭ˰գͷ˰Ķ˰˰ȵٷһȻӼ˰ɽկʧͲ𣿡
Ǹ취¦ߣŭδһԹڣҪҳ˲¹ͷүƽ裬ôʵ£
үһ˴ǰһ񡣡Ҷˣʱݵؽϣôʰôʰ
ƨ⣡¦ﺮ˸һֶ֮ˣɱһֶƱҷ䲻岻ֱӰڵ̨ϣվǲÿԪص죬˫߹ȫأһɱԪӦԪô죿¦С쵰綢֮أ²ñеŹ֣
ڴʱȴһ˷ɱǰضүӰſ׳˵Ҫ¡
¦һ䣬ŭ΢һЩ
Ƭ֮һλƾʿ˸̨ϣ֣¦һ񣬲ٴǰ
кҪ£¦˲٣Ӳ
ȴֻһЦүΪɽկɣ
ϻ¦һͲۣɽկÿճɣһǹǿЩկӣڲ˷⡣ʱֵλҪʱ̣Դȴʱϣ
Ҳ޷밡ҡͷһ̾ʥƽԪҶӣֻ֮λҪ֮ˡ
ʲô¦ⲻһ


189 ֮
һֶȻҪӣ¦üͷ˼
ˣүҪʧȥһ˳ûԡʱ˳ȴү𣬶ʵʱʵһү֡
ʲô˼¦϶ԷĻ
ϵ˼ǿֻ֣ɱҶ㡣˵
ԸһҶҪ֣֣¦һ
үǧСҶ㣬Ѿﵽ˳ʵС˼æ˵
¦ⲻһֻƾ𣬺ʱȴ˳
˵ڲ֮ǰ˵
֪ˡ¦˵ͷа룺һոսëͷСӣкο£
үôȥϡһ񣬡ϱػǰүЯֲҶ㡣
ô¡¦ⲻмһЦһոսëͷСӣǰϯϱ㶯Ҫ
үǵȳϵ˺ס˼¦Ҫжɽ
ˣ¦һ֣ȥ߿֣˵ҵĺϢˣ
ү˻Ҫ˵¦ѾüͷӿŭСӣƲóǿߣ¸ʿвһССҶ㣿
ң˼æף˶ȴǲסŵϣŻӰűš
һߣһ˱յ¦ߣ˵үҶ㲻ؽΪ֮󻼡ȷʵǸ˲õţ£ΪãȴǺһҿϯ£ǲɣٶҲ١
ã֮ơ¦ЦʱԸ˵Ҷ㶯䷢롣
պݸ֮µҶ㣬ӵ˿롣ַֻ֮ڣ΢΢ü
Ҹ硣ޱ˵ҪлΪƽ˻Ϊ칦
ޱӹ󣬲ҲüдģֱϷһ̫еƤ񡣡
׺ƽ˹һЦ֮ԣֱֵܿӹ˳ˡ
ǿɲǣд˷˵Ľ˹⻰ʱһ䡣ؽϣѾ˽ʮҶ潫үĤء
ȻˣҶ㲻ҡͷһЦҶĳεºܣ
ɻˡ׺ȴЦ
ǽ׺еȴҲüүҿǲΪ
ΪΣ׺ʡ
ǲ֪˽ݣôϲáһ˵˺üʣȴȫǱ֮磬ֻҲʲôɡ˷֮ʱɹ֮ȴ룬ܾƺЩͷ
лָ㡣Ҷ㹰һǽңæָӱȥˡ
˵ò޵ޱ˵
ȥȴҲ޵Ҷ˵һָоݵ˺У׽ʮ˴ɽկֻ޹ϵ
˵Ǳʹ׺һһӦò뵽аɣ
ɻǳһɵĳءޱ˵Ҳ˽ɽկҽֶ£޳
Ҷһͷţȴǰն౧Թ˰̫أͷ˰ǳ˰Żչ˰
˰׺һûʲô˼
ҵʱߣ˵һߣҪ˰ޱ˵
ֱƣ׺Ʋɶŭڰտʳһ㣬Ǻε
˵λΪȾ徲֮ޱ˵
湻ġ׺
Թڣȴòͣ˰ޱЦ˵ôһλ޲ܰϰ´ǮȫͳԼүɽɽկӰղƺҲϡɣ
Ǽпܡ׺Ʋɵͷ
ôһȤˡҶ㵭һЦֻ޺磬Ҫɱ˲ġ
ô죿ޱʡ
ó׼ȥ硣Ҷ˵Ͼ£֮ҸȴܲӣҲýӴһλү֪̽ȷʵɽ֮йأý¡
ʰһλү׺һ
ڤ֮ң¦ǣҶ˵ʥ壬ǿߣһΪֻԼ֣ʰڤ֮Ҿ֡ڤ۷磬հʮգ
ž˷ܡ׺Ƶ˵ͷ͸ãʹһү
գҶһݸӡţسǵľʱʩԴ˳еǰǰҶ
˴ΰɸ̾׺ƺһѹ˶֬࣬Žɵĸۡ
Ȼ˻ʹĹģֻһԽ֮㹻λΡҶ˵
˵ţȴǹţֻһλ۵ߣһȺ˴ӵ֮Ըڶȴ¦Եӭ
λµƽԪ𣿡¦ǺЦţǰĿɨޱ׺ʱ˼漴ЩĹֱ۾ֱסҶ㣬ֶ
үˡҶ๰ֻ񡣡СƽˣԭӦүϢйʹ˷Բʧү¡
޷޷¦ЦŹסҶ֣ڶȥƽԪƽһ˻ȴΪǣΪ츣Ҹ˻ô᲻룬ѱ칦磬Ҳ㲹ΪƽԪĽӼɡ
Ҷ㵭Цڶȥ
һ·У·ҹֻ֮¥̨ͤ󣬻ΰ԰о󻨻ܣɽʯᾣǻ˴˼áޱ׺δʹʹӦҲ˶١
ҶȴӦȻʹΪݻ
ʱ¦һ¥֮ϣһ·㣬ȥ¶̨̨ϡʱ̨Ѿں˾磬¦Ҷ¦һƣʮ޾űɴȹ輧ʱ衣
赸֮䣬ȷ۱۲ʱ֣񼤵ޱ׺ȴ΢΢üҶĿʣɫ̹Ȼ˿δЩ輧ɫš
һգ輧ƮȻݹ˺ȥ¦ǺЦҶ㣺ƽԪ㿴ҸЩ輧ΣǾûùۣ㽫֮͸ƽԪȨɡ
޹»Ҷ΢΢ҡͷСӱ߹֮أҪѪսʿףԡЩɫ֮ȴ׶ҡġ
¦ɫһ漴ЦƽԪʱʱԹΪأҷڤ֮
˵ţһ֣ʱֻ̧Ҷϯǰ򿪣ȴʯŶ
ЩЩС񣬲ɾ⣬ȨлƽԪƽ˻ɡ¦Ц˵


190 ޺
Ϊ͢ǣΪճԭұ֡ҶһЦү£ȴǿСˡ
¦⿴Ҷ㣬ɫ΢΢仯һڣƱʱ̧ȥ
֪ƽԪ´ôϯϣ·һҶ㹰ֶ΢Цʡ
´ƣҶ㿴˿ˣʥϵ£ǱҲãλҲã£ʥϵĳӡΪ˳ߣȫΪģΪЧΪһƬˡеġơ
ƽԪ֮紺װܰһ˵ͷڣֻƲֹۣƽԪһε۶һ£ȴʥϵ¡ƽԪ뻳֮˽֪ƴƽԪѰɿ֮˱ӻ¡
λʲô˼ҶĿһʥϳӣҪҺ˱ӻ֪һȴǴ󲻾֮ﵱ
ƽԪ¦ת䣬ǲм㻹̫ˡ
ү⣿Ҷתͷʡ
棡¦ߣΪͶǻֶ£ЩѫԺ£Сӣ´úܣʮκһ˶Сӿɱȣ
δλү֮ͥ⡣Ҷ̹ȻӦԣʥ壬ܷʥңƽ˻Ұո󣬱ѡȻ
ȻΣ¦Ц
ֻ˽Ϊһ˽˹棬հΣȨ㳯Ұ֮ҲҪףҶӣﾪ
˵¦ǡ¦ⶢҶ㡣ָɣ
үöˡҶһЦҲǵָκһˡֻҪҸΪߣԱ֮С
˼˼¦ⲻɴЦôζˣѪԵˣ
ʱս֮֮Уʮ׵ĳֵսʿϸ̨봦裬սɱӢۺ
׺ȴޱһ£Щ˹Ϣƾĸ֣Ѱߣ¦һҪˣСЩ
ģޱЦǱɣܷʲôˣ
ҶȴǻٱƷƣȤĹۿšʮʱͬսʿʱΧԲתݣͬһɱ
¦ƺڿ赸ĿȴҶƮһʱҶֻǹͣȴʲôһЦͻȻ佫һˤ
žһȴһеĹ֮һ֮ʮͬʱɭ֮⣬ͻȻһ䣬ȻͬʱҶɱȥ
һʱ䣬ӿÿ߶һǿʮλҶ㣬·ȫ
ڵһˡҶȴ˿ţʵһЦָ֮һɳʱһ½ʮʮС
Ȼɳ֮޷ʮƾǿ߻ȴ޷ҶչҶħ֮䣬Ѿϯڸ̨һ࣬¦⡣
㡪ʮɽկǷйأ
йأΣ¦͵վҲָһʱһݺ·ʩչҪһµһ㡣Щ𣬽ɳΧ֮䣬㽫ЩлΪޡ
µЩ˺ݶΣ㰵֧֣ҶһȻԼˣͱֱ飬Ϊһһ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ¦𣿡¦һ۷ź⡣ӲŲ˼ô࣬˭ҵӵ·ӾֱӶְ˺ˣҶ㣬շҵϣٻŻȥˣ
һУ͵̤ǰһȭ׺ݻǻֱ֮͵һޱۣźףȭԾµϢֱҶȥ
Ҷһˣһǰֻȭսħֱʱϣžȭǰȥ
ֻȭڿײʱȻ죬·ɽײһһ㣬̨Ȼҡ˼ҡվȣʱϡ
ޱ׺ƲԼͬ𣬳ɳձƣʮ˻δ֮ʣͬʱ֡ޱٷųȴͬʱһ֮סˣ׺ȴҲֻܵסһ
ˣʱҶΧ˹ȥ
Сӣҵĵϣ㻹뷭¦ЦһȭλľޱУȴһذףֱҶС
ĵΣҶЦձĵϽЧȣ
һӶ𣬿ʱңݺᣬħ֮צƾնһ½ԷľޱץסȵĻ˳žޱ۴˹ȥֱ¦ϮȥҶһƣ˪𣬻ɱβ¦ӿȥ
ֱܵϴȵʹУ¦üˣһֻ֮һץץһشһħ֮צϣ֮顣һʱȥͬʱ˱ΣƵס
Ҷȴô˻ᣬЩƾսʿ֮С̨һ̤һֻ˪ƾճ֣ݺݵ̨̤̤𶯣ݺ
һţʱһλսʿɢĺס˵ĳƣǽŲһ֮ʣҶȴǽ·ȭһӽ̨ԵսʿѪ˳ȥˤ¥¡
һҶն˫߻УȴʹצצӰݺսʿ˺ѣҶ֮ȭֱʧȥ˷Ķţ˺Ҳûһֱӷ󷽣ˤڵѪ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷɱˣʱ¦ȴվȽŸۼ±ɱ۷ź⣬һǰ
£ΨҰս𣡡У˫ͬʱ߾ٶʱ֮ץһ޸Ǹϴһĵ·Զ֮ʱµϡ
޸һֱ£Ǹձ仯ȴնԽԽ󣬷·еĿ֮Ҷ
ҶվΣ˫͵һƣħ֮ٵתʱһսʿƵˡ̧ͷǾ޸͵˫ϻħ֮ʱ˫֮ϸֶƶȴſ顣
ձ˲ײϾ޸Ȼ֮У׷ӣΧ£ʵԪ߱ϻϱʱճһʱҽ֮ڶ
鱬ըǾ޸Ҳòȱȫ¦ȥһƨɵڵϣȵؿҶ㣬ȻԼһС
Ҷȴγȣԭһʩƴ棬ʱƾսʿȼ˲ҽȥƴֵ棬ۼҪϨ֮ʣȴ˱ǹǷȻըУֱӱը顣
ɱɱУλƾսʿ˹
ҶһЦһȺں֮ڣҲ̸ʲô
һת֮䣬ħŴɫ磬ֱײȥҶǰӭ¦˹ȥ


191 
ɵħʱƾսʿײ䣬һ˶Уħ͸壬˺Ƭ
ҶȴѾ¦Ľǰһ̧֣һ˱ǹ¦ȥʱ¦Ҳ˲ʲôÿÿˣǱؼòӹһṇֱ̀Ҷȴǹס̻Ƶ¦ط
ʱ¦ⲻɺڵ˼㣬ֻԼ̫ҶȴûеȿֶԸҶ㡣
ŭ͵һҧ䣬Ҷǹٴ̵ļ϶ȴֹͣ˷ֻǰײһ¡
ҵǰײʱһĲٿȻʧȴɶԶ֮⣬æһԾ𣬵Ҷ㣬͸ߺ֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼڱĵðš
ҶȴĿһɨ֮䣬ͻȻеıǹȴһƾսʿ
սʿһ˺Ϲ׺ƣ׺ʱҶһн׺ƵΧ׺Ʋɾһ񣬴һָ¹һ˱Ƶˡ
ʱҶһǹʱըȴճսʿը÷ɵȥδǲᣬһȴȣվ
Ҷ㣬ҽձɱ㣡¦۾죬˫ƿ趯֮䣬Χռʱ˫һƣʱҶΧ
֮ռ䣡¦ţ˫һǰΧҶʱһĿռ䣬ԽתԽ죬·һ罫Ҫ֮ǰһһ㡣
˵ڤޱߡҶУоΧħ֮ʣǿռȴҲκãȴšսΪ񣬵鶯һ㣻տռ䷨ܿޡо֮ģչ֮ȴҲˣ
ô¦۷ž⣬˫ٽϢײһʱסҶĿռ仯Ȼɽӣԭأһ˲Ȼѡ
޴һҶѹҪռһ
һҶҲܲסƤʱƿѪ裬Ҷһ˲ȴǻѪһ㡣
ɵͷ̾
Ȼɱ֮һҳǧ꣬ڽ֮ɣһոսСӣܶԸɣҶˣ¦ⲻɴЦĶϡϣѾǺˮֱҲڲסȻʹһкҲΪأʱֻǿ֧š
ҶһЦ䣬ĿɭȻ¦ȴ͵һ
ֻǷȻȴŧһҶ㳤Хһħ󷨿תƤѸٵػָ糣þȫҲ֮Ƥ⣬⣿ҿⷨ
һ̧֣ȻտԨʯռֱץսǴ͵һ֮䣬ҶȴֱʧڿУҵĴռͷţȴûƻĿֻ꣬Լԭزסرʧ
ôܣ¦ⲻɾʧ֮¦ķôܻ᣿
޴ҶЦ¦⾪֮ʣۼҶ֮ͻȻһԼնŵȫ亹죬ƴȫȥ
ͬʱһɶߵľս֮ǰǾһؼףͷ˽ţϰԾ£һ޴䣬װ˸ֲͬı
񣬱Ƿڤ¦֮ս񡣴Ϊ񣬵ȴӵ֣ʵഫΪսߣ似ͨκУԷӳǿ
˼ʣսһԱץһǰǶܳʱСһ֣ʱ󣬻ɶߵľ޶ܣסս
סȴŵâһĨâֱӳڰսͷʱͷ­ƿսҡţˤڵϣƬ̼仯ɢ
ˣˣ¦⾪ֵؽţȻתҪȥ
ӵõ𣿡ҶһЦֽստԨʯռ䣬ƾħ֮ɱȥһԾ֮ӹ¦ͷǰ
¦ŵüæסţ֮вסˣţҶ㣬Ƿڤʵ۵壬ɱҾ·ϣ
ڤΣҶ㵭Ц֧ԮˣΪһǰ֮ڤ֮ˣ˵ö֮Կɸһ·֮од£ǩֻѺдһڹ飬һԽʥϣˣɶᷢ䣡
㣡¦ӲƫƫȴҶް취˼ʣѾĵ߰˰ˣս֮ҶȴƱˣ·ʹ
үۼ¦ѾҶ֮Уʣµƾսʿʱ˹Ҷ㿴Ҳʱһɳ˹ȥ㽫С
ʱޱҲԼ¶ֻɱָȥ׺ƻɱ˶֣ŮǰҶһ¦ΧڵУ·ӡ
¦ⷢŭʵĴ𣬺޺޵صҶ㣬ȴ·ߣ޷룬ȴʹؽô䵽ز
ɻҶȻʵаɣΨһĻᡣ
¦ֲţĿȴһԵޱѾޱҶĹϵһ㣬ʱвһ˿֮⣬ͻȻתޱ˹ȥ
ΪҺ۸𣿡ޱЦһѾһӭ¦ȥȭס¦⡣
¦ֻһȭ㽫üɳȥڸ̨ˤ£һ·
һ赲ҶȴѾһץħ֮צʱֿУ¦ץУȵĻ˲佫¦ȼλ˲õүʹشƴѾľȴҲֵĿơ
飡
ʱһͻȻ𣬽ţһֻ޴׺֩һˣԸ̨·ٵ뱳һԾ䵽̨ϣһ֣ʱΪһС
֣Ҷһü
ˣȴϾ΢ĿҶ㣬ȻһЦһȭҶ֣þòˡ
ôˣҶ㱧ȭ񣬳ʡ
ȻдҪ졣Ͼ΢ħ֮צ¦⣬һ̾벻Ҷ˵ãŶòѾϲϲ
ҶϾ΢ɢϢҲЩ㵣漴һЦֲҲѾ֮𣿹ϲϲ
Ͼ΢һЦȵ㣿ǳ֮ʱȴԨ֮𣬵ڣȻͬۡ˵ӢţҶȣȴȫө֮ѣΩҶֲǵ£ա
佱ҰɣҶʡ
Ͼ΢һͷҶҪɱ𣿡
ҪǷҶ
ҶһӣһΣϾ΢ʡ
ĻΪڤү飬ΡҶ㿴Ͼ΢ȴߡž̶ɲ¶ȡ


192 Ͻʥ֮
Ȼ󡣡Ͼ΢˵
˵Ҷʡ
Ҫ¦ҪһҪˡϾ΢˵
ֹȻ̹ϡҶͷʩħ֮ȴδϾ΢кα
ҪʡҪΪΪˣҶʡ
Ҷ֣Ծڴˣȴܶ˵ˡϾ΢˵˵Ҫһ飬ôǴ˿̰ɡ
ǸҶҡͷֻǽˣԵ顣Ƿڤʥϵ壬ȴ˽
ҶֺοƣϾ΢̾˿ΪֹΩһ֮Ϊ֮ǿߣȴԻۡʵҪΪԼΪҪ¦һ滨
ΪԼҶ΢΢üħ֮ȴǿϾ΢еαĿڲһǰ˵Իңȴֱ˵ԣĺ
Ͼ΢Ҷ۾ֻԷȻ峺ȴʲôµĶĿǰԼһα·ΣվҶǰһ㣬һ
Ҷˡعһ񣬡ЦˡֻҶ󲻿ϸ飬֮²˵˻ѡ
㲢ΪԼ˵ˣֻҲӦҶ㿴Ͼ΢һΪ¦
ҶҲϾ΢һǵ˵ͷ
ȫѲ¡Ҷ˵˵滨Ȼ챦ûӲ¦ˡΪԼΪΪ㸸ʣΪκһɲɵ춨Ҷ᲻ӡֻ⣬һ¦ǣ¦
Ͼ΢ͷϡ¦ˣҪ滨ҽΣԴ˻ڱصáҶ֣֮䲢϶Ҳ⻨㶯֡
ѾвˡҶ˵м¶ˣ¦֮˱Ҷ𡣡
𣿡Ͼ΢Ȼ
ҽһҹ¦ڸҶ˵ʱɱңҾδȽɱȴ֡
ѹ֣ѹ֣Ͼ΢΢΢ͷһȭҶ֣ʵȴҲΪ¦¦һλҹ֣ΪϰһҹԮ¦ˣȴûʶĿܡΩеõ˻¦κˣϰſָܻ
Ǹ߿𣿡Ҷʡ
ǡϾ΢òϡ
¦⡣Ҷת¦⣬ħ֮צϵȻ棬¦ʱڴϢУҶ㣬ĥˣ˵ʲôҶӦ㣡
㣬ʲô˲õ滨Ҷʡ
Ͼ΢΢΢üȻ¦˵˻֮æ˵¦⣬ֻҪһ滨ңұ֤˵Ҷ㲻
滨¦һ漴ʣ˵ĿǾϽʥ
Ͼ΢ɫһ¦ǸȻ˵˻
ҶۼϾ΢ɫ죬ɽʣ¦⣬Ͻʥʲôãϸ˵
¦ĿӶˣͻȻЦԭһ˶ҪϽʥãٱĲƸҲ֮ȴءҶ㣬סҽϽʥ㣬ң֮ҲҪһֶʲô֮£Ҳƽ֮Σ
Ͻʥʲôֵܵޱʡ
ǿɲһĺö¦Ц˻ؼ伫Ϊѵõҩ֮֮γϽ𵤡ʿô˵֮󣬱ʱùͨʥǾ֮˽⵽ʥ֮ԼкôʹպܳʥĻߣǾ߷ãͨʥ֮ԼֱԾҲпܣ
Ȼҩ׺Ҳһ̲ס
Ҷ㣬ô¦ⶢҶ㡣Ҳǳǿߣϣﵽʮ׵ܵõ˽⵽ʥʱ˵˶ʮ֮ϸһΪʥˣҵƽΪɣ
ҩȷʵǺöҶ΢΢ͷ֮ʥǰԣֻȥλΪˣûҲȴɱ㡣
ֻˣ¦ˣҧгݡҶ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
¦⣬ֻҶ֣Ϊ𣿡Ͼ΢ע¦⣬俪ڡ˵ĻôֻҪУҰɣ
ʲôˣ¦ȴʶϾ΢ֻǸӦ䳬ݣмɵӲ
Ͼ΢ȴֻһЦͻȻ֮һ̧֣гһŹͼޱȵķͼ
Ҷ֣Ҳ㶯֡˵Ϊ֪㣬Ϊ˸ǿٻͼǿ̫֮ǿȴ޷ȫƣһãܻҶ֡Ҳ
֣ҸոսãҪ൱ĶҶд裬ҵľ硣Ҷ㵭ԡ
ûתˣϾ΢ʡ
¦ǾӣȴıƲմȨǲ뵽մȨĶУ½亦Ҷ˵ˣҾۿҪıСԼҪãȴ˫ַϡ
ϧϧϾ΢ҡͷ̾ͻȻ֮佫ͼһչʱֳһͼͼΪһ֮ʱʱɢޱ߻֮⣬ҷУ̨˾ĺˣ׺Ҳ⡣
ޱȴǿվȣ״ɱȥ׺סԿ
ǿơҶ㲻΢΢ͷ
ǿ󡣡Ͼ΢һЦҶ֣ǧСģ
˵ţͼٴһһӿǰһɸߵһװ粻ͬȴԶ֮ʱһһִѽٵĸо
ͼԶ񡪡ѣϾ΢ڣһָҶ㡣ܴˣ
Ǿйâ䣬ת۶סҶ㣬˫һ֮䣬ƵĴ֮ʱڷ󲽣ֱҶ̧һֻƣҶ㵱ͷѹȥ
䶯٣ȴһ޴Ӷܵĸо
ͼԶѡơ֡١𡣡Ͼ΢˵ÿһ񣬽Զ֮ʱһ˫֮Կܡֻٻѣһ֣˱Ȼдѽ١Ҷ֣ʱлᣬɣ
Զž𣿡Ҷ㶢Զž񣬿ͷϻµƣ΢΢ͷҲֻսȤζ֣лҽ֮˾ҹ̾磡
΢΢³Ҷ㽫˫ȭʣʱޱħȭ̧ۡͷϿµľƣͻȻϣ
˫ȭ͵ſлȭϵħ˲һ𣬻һѪħֱײǾ֮ϡʱĺķƺƲɵľƣȻһײ֮ø߸ԶžҲһ˳
ȴҲˣҶ΢΢һЦ͵һǰ˫ٴͬʱһƣһıαԶžӿ˹
Ҷ֣ڣһУϾ΢ַ̧ųһѪ⣬ΪһУ͵طһƬѪն˱Ρ
һʱ䣬ҡ


193 
Ѫ纣һ㣬˲ı֮ˣϾ΢ǾѣֻԼӶǰȥƷתʶƿ˲㲨ˣҶ
СģޱۼϾ΢˺£ɫһ䣬
ͼȻҶȴɵͷǿ֮ʹ֮ٻޱߵȴ֮ɷǿһ𹥵УǺ÷
һ̧֣Ǳ˪֮ʱһ˪ٷǰڱεһ㴦ӶΪһ壬һ޶ܡ
Ͼ΢ǰ𴦣һѪھ޶֮ϣʱ޶ײһѺۡѺţۼҪ޶ܻơ
ʱԶžѾס˲֮ӿţٴǰһ֮֮Ծɷ֮Ρ
Ҷ㲻ɰеͷ̾ͬʱУȴԶһǻκһͨĳǿϾ΢֣Ƭ֮䣬ȫҪܡ
ӣѹʵ۷һСڤйݺأ
Ҷ֣㻹ѡĻᣡϾ΢趯У̲סҶ㡣
ҵѡ񣬱ǾܾҶ㵭һЦͻȻǿħӿ·Ҫħһõ硣Ƭ̺һɳĺħ߶Ҷתݣڳ
ħһ֣б⻪ſڳϾ΢ֱ³һö顣ǰ˲ɶľ飬׵ȣֱײȥ
Ͼ΢ĿһȴٲȫۼıܣǷٵسˡ˲䣬͸ֱϾ΢Ƶסˣ͵̧һУһѪ⣬ʱ۳һֻ󴸡
Ͼ΢ֽץУ˫ͬʱסһӶ𣬺ݺϡʱһıըķ׻Ͼ΢ˣغ˼ȴѾ̨ԵЩȥ
ʱԶžѳˡֻǽһ۳ɽ֮ʱҶ
ƿҶһ͵һ֮䣬սħȴɶߵΣʱҶ㻤סķսħȭݺݻȥ
ȭͷ뷮֮Уȴʱ֮ܵսħӾȻҡ̱ȥҶ㲻ɫһ䣬ӿǷѾͷ£սħһУѺ
ⷮ
Ҷ̾һȷսħνί٣ȴͬʧȥ˹֧һ̱һԣԼδ߶ħȴ޷վ𣬸޷ջڡ
Ҷ֣˵ԶžҲƲˣ㱻ѷסֻˡϾ΢ڸ̨ԵҶ㣬ҡͷ̾ϢͬһУֻܱܴݲУʧȥϣ޹࣬ʬ⣬ձѹʧȥһö֣ҵʧɫ١
ֵˡҶ㵭ȻһЦѷȻֻҲҲס
ŶϾ΢ĿһסҶ㡣Ҷֿƿ
ѡҶ㻺ͷϾ΢еĹʡ
ħ֮⡣Ƭ֮䣬ħǵĹâָҶ㣬Ѱǽѷ֮
ʱѷڵȴ˱仯һصĽ֮ҶϣҶʱоޱȣ·ͷȫݽ˴У̾Ҫ֧ԼһƤ⡣
ħ󷨣
֮֮䣬ҶѾԵԼħ󷨣ʱǼ򵥵ȴΪЧķĹӲͦˣħ󷨵Ӱ֮£ߵĺսħҲ̧ͷĤƳס棬Ҫվ
Ͼ΢йâһɵͷ̾ҶֲҿеˣȻԵֵסѣ
ǿ֮ѣճɾʥ塣ҶʣһΪĽѶͦܲסν飬ճʥ
˵ǡ񡱣ģȴǡħ
֣ұʶһν֣νǿߣҶشģġ
Ҷֱ𼱣֮ȴֻǵһضѡϾ΢΢΢̾ϢҶֻͦ˵ڶؽ˵ɡ
ɲ֮䣬ѷ֮еĽ֮һŵƣٵػ۵һ𣬾ȻγһƬĽƣʱҶΧҶ͸ȴһƮԭҰ֮УȴҪռԭҰʴħá
ʱƺǸоԼĵַܵħħ֮ȴһǿħǵĹâ֮£һŽֱӻƮɢħ֮ħ׺ֱնɢֱ
ԭҰȻǿҶ㻺ͷϧȴҲκҲá֣Ƿе
⡭Ͼ΢ؿҶ㣬ȴѾ˵
ѷڶƣֱʿԭҰ޿ɷ޿ɱܣʵǿֲıɱҶȴ赭дһȥ·ǽƱֻͨƲһ㡣
ôܣϾ΢в֮⡣
ǡף˵˵ؽ
𣿡Ҷ㻺ͷãǾҿһж
ʱһŵĽйâ󶯣Ƶĺ첻ϴţһ֮Уһ׹ԽкȻֱҶȥ
ҶоâԵĺħʱ͵سȴҶ㶥һסʱħȫڣͬˤڵϵ߹һ鿪
㵲˽׵ģϾ΢ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ƵѷҶһ֮䣬ڸ̨ϿŵħȻɶŽѷ͵ſ³һöö飬һöڽѷϣҫɫĻ⡣
ɲǼ䣬Ͼ΢оͷһ˿⣬̲סһ
󣬱Ǹ̨ͷһȴһΣЩˤȥһľסΣȴֻҶִ̧˸ָ
˲䣬öһ𱬷ȴڽѷڵĽڶ֮ǰǽѷֱӺ÷顣֮нʱʧȥԼķƮɢҲˮһɢڿС
ԶžѣҲˣֻֻҪټŬǣҶХ͵̧һָħʱڶһ½Զžѵסħ֮䣬ȻԶžյڵء
㾹ȻסѣϾ΢ؿҶ㣬дž塣
֣ǱǸҶ㵭ЦȻ˳ҵƺĸһЩȻǿƺҲͼϽʥͱ˰ɡ
Ͼ΢ɫѾʼ仯
ͼǿķµϴͼٻǿ׻ܾԼߡ
ʱҶ׵ȥǿ˵ʲô
˵ҶȻֻһĳһʿʵȴѾԶԶһף
ǳ˶ףҲδ֪
ѣ˵𣿡Ͼ΢Զžѣһ
˲䣬ԶžѵٶȱʣҵҪħơҶӦħϳܵľ޴΢΢ü
ʤֺαƴһЦ֮䣬ħȴԶžѵ壬
һſڣ³ö飬һööԶžѵϣͬʱȻը
ǿԶžѣⱬը֮лҷ


194 ħ
Զž٣Ͼ΢ʱ𶯣ڽѪ˿ɫһʱ԰ޱȣȻ˲ᡣ
֣ǸˡҶĿϾ΢ȭһ񡣡ͼеȷʵȴ޷֣ˣʵԸ
ضԡϾ΢һЦЦЩҡʵ벻ҵһ֮ȴҲ֮ǿߡҪɱ𣿡
ɱ㣿Ҷҡͷ˵֮飬ұػ㡣߰ɣֻʲôҲûзϽʥ֮£ȴˡ̸ֻ꣬;ţְѾԻٸԤڤ֮£ұֻ˵Ǹˡ
ٻᣬԻҶд衣Ͼ΢˵֮ܣҶȴδǺ¡֪֮ԣϷ̸֮һӱŬһҪ׷Ҷֲǣ
һ֣ͼһӣֻ޴׺֩ʱбٻϾ΢Ծſٵ¸̨ȥ̨£ֻһƥս֮Զȥ
¦⣬ڸ˽֮ˡҶתԱħ֮צס¦⡣
¦ҡҶϾ΢һսչֳȴԶʤ֮ʱʱ˽⵽ҶʵǰԼȫʩչκֶΣȴҲֻܹԹ
ˣˣ̾һҴȥȡϽʥϣ㲻Ҫʳԡ
ġҶͷһᾡȫ
һּ䣬ħ֮צʱſ¦⣬¦ڵϣȴվֱӵ
ҶҲֱտԨʯռȡīֽ⣬Ҫдڹ飬¦ڵִϢƬ̺𣬻ǰߴ·
Ҷޱ׺һ·ڶȥһ·һǰɾɣΧǽҲȫǼӲʯһǲر֮ء
¦ȡԿ״˴ţ˽С֮ȴһ챦ҶĿһɨŤͷֻȫײƱ޷ʯ֮Ķԣȴûʲô
һǰ¦ָһֻУǾϽʥˡǼΪѵ֮һ˼۲һλлá˵ʱ˵֮ȻвϽʥ־ģȴѾΪ֮
Ҷǰͷһֻ֮оžŶŶҶΪɫĽɫŻһ֮ϣȻѾԱ޵ɫʣһͷǷ仨ݡ
Ҷ̧֣Ͻʥһ֣Ͻʥϱһ˹ͬڷκȴҶʱսϵһ֮
һʱ䣬оھ֮⣬ƺһɸΪǿңӦ鲻Խֱɶ𣬷·Ҫ壬Ǵ֮Դȥһ㡣
Ҳʱ¦һ˿֮ɫƺ֪Ҷһ˻һ㣬͵ʣµȫһȭҶݺݴ
Сɣ
֮Уȭϴ˰սľȭ֮ӰҶ̫Ѩֱȥ
ޱ׺ƲԼͬطҪֹȴѾˡ
һҶ֮ڣͻȻһһȭȻħľȭֱǰֱ¦֮ϣһ·˳ȥݺײʯǽ֮ϣȴǽҲײһֱǽϡ
Ѫ˳¦Ŀڱǿӿ¦ɴ۾Ҷ㣬첻ؽţôܣһϽʥΪʥ֮񣬶޷֮ô
ʧˡҶʱȫָһ˦ֱ㽫ϽʥտԨʯռ֮СڷĶãҲǵһνӴ
㡭¦۾ԽԽͣסйʾʧ
鼱֮²ȴˡҶҡͷһ̾⵹ýˡ
ʲôýģޱȴΪ⣬һָ֮е챦Щʵۣʱ͵üЦؿ佱㡣ʲô˵ײ׵壬֮ľ˰ɣ
⻰׺Ƶͷҡʵ۵壬˵ʵۻлء
ʮһ͢ȴ»ҵԭ֮һҶ˵¦Ȳ˰ֻԼֵļһˡʥϾǹҲڡֻǴֻҪ¦ǿʵΪҵĽڡѾǳǿߣҰԸңȴ죡
ʵҲػ㡣׺˵ĵλ˭Ҳ޷ҡʵá
˿첽ص˸̨֮ϣֻǼλ֮ǰɳеƾսʿʱȴѾͻɳ˳Ѿ۵þƣڵϴϢȴߡһĹ佫֮ǰĴսУݺἤĳǿϢನˣһأû֮գҲƶá
¦ӹΪһѾҶ˵ȴؾź¡δ¦ۣͬɲܳ͢𷣡¦һߣȴӷ
˶Ҷ㣬һĿɿڴ
ޱƽ㣬һˣȥ籣һɵĽ죬ҪǴݸ¦¡ҶתŮ
áŮʱͷת¥ڶȥҪ˳ݶ¡
ʱһȾȴͻȻӿһӰͻȻԸ̨漲Ծһ֮䣬һӰʱҶ㡣
һ֮䣬Ҷħӿɳħ裬ͬʱħ֮ԶһԾȥӰʱ˸ա
յӰȴޱ׺ƣȶŮӦѾһסŮһֻ£һˤڵء
Ӱȴһϸ˿ʱڶŮϲͬʱȴִŮƤ֮УŮʱٲͬ˻˯һ㡣
˭ҶۼޱУɲȻŭзųһɱľ⣬ˡ
ȴǿɣ
Ҷ㣬û뵽˵ãȻɱ¦⡣ɴʱһ˿ؿҶ㡣ֻһɱȴҲ˲ɣãһδ¦ֽɱʱֳɵı˵Ҳ
˵ţͻȻзһʱϰٵ˿̨¦ⲿǵ̫ѨСЩѾֿߣʱ˫۱
ɽһǰٵ˿˻΢ЦңָҶ㣺Ҷ㣬ϴҴƽ֣һҴ⣬˾Ԫ֮ȴǲͬҴ˱ɨȫʢ֮ʱҲҵĶ֣Ҫ֮ɱұ¦ȫӰšҶ㣬ʮɽկɱ¦⣬ȴǳȫҡԴˣɽկ֮¿ȫѹϵܵõ¦ĲƱӰҲҵˣ
޳СˣҶ˫Բŭ֮£Χħӿ
ŭͷ޷Ž⣬ȴɳԭҰԭҰＤͻȻһħ֮ڡħݣâ䣬ͻȻһߴħǵзԾ
սħħͽҶħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ


195 
һ˲һħԭҰɢħĸߴʱҶʱԭҰںһ
ħĽ׳ȳƣ¶һļ⣬ֱӸ䣬ڱһͷ͸޾ս⡣
һҶںϣҶ˱ʱɢ޾ս⣬·ս
졢ءķΪħ
һ𣬷ԶħУ쳹ҶԭҰʵ֮У౩ޱߵս⣬͵طһսĿХ
ɣޱƽ㣬ҽձȡ
Х֮УҶһ̤ǰֱסɣ̲סоһɺӿʱ˸ս
Ҷ㣬װǻƣһҧȫɸֵɫΡɨһ֮¹ʱɨ˿϶Ϊһһ˿߶裬ͻȻԶ쳤Ҷ㡣
ƣһ֮УҶһǰȴһӰϣ͵ǰֱײȥ֮Уɨ˿ʱײҷ裬ٳһ
ƣһȣҶһȭȭȴа׻֮Ӱʳ֮״漴һʹÿɽŲȣӾɨŽһơ
ϷƣҶʱȴһȭһȻʱΪ֮ΣռХſɳȥ
ĿˣɱƵüˣʱһӰ̧һƣһ»Ӱȴƾճ֣С
¹¹󣡡
У»Ӱ֮ʱѺ۴ͻȻ֮Ѷͨ·˸ӵԹԹ֮裬ȴʼ޷ѳȴԹбľɢΡ
ƣҶһȭȭ֮θΪһ¹ϣ顣
ֶΣһҧѵëͷСɱ¦⣡ȴʲô
Ҷȴֻź⣬
ʲôҲҵĶ֣ɴһɨӶʱޱߵǰ֮Уٵر֯һȫ˿鲼һޱ飬һǰſҶץ˹ȥ
ƿҶһһȭϡɲ֮䣬屬ѿ·Ҷһȭ飬ȴֳЦݣ·ԼɱѾ֡
ʱ䣬ը˿͵Ҷȥһ򣬽ҶУ˿еҶе۶ǿڴݺݴǧһͬɱ޿ɷ޿ɱܡ
ɨϹʥ˷֮ǰƵķкʥ֮ȫʩΪǶ֣ɲɴЦҶ㣬ʵɡģˣǲɱġϷѹʮӲʵúܣԻúöԴ
Ц֮ڣҶжⲻٴʱԭҰ֮ħǹâ󶯣ȴҶǻָһ˿һ˿ָ֮£»ָǣȻǶӿȴѾܿ
ħս
΢΢һʱȥֱտԨʯռץսսħһ
ʱһķĸоͷӿս·ķĿռ䣬Ҫ춷ֱϾҪضȪҪսķֻҪսһӣݺǧ
ķ磡
ʣɲ֮佫϶Ϊһ͵һն
һâݺֻԼǰȴ·ͬʱݵķ֮С˲䣬ǿޱȵҵһ£ʱ鿪顣
ķһָٲһ壬ɢһ㡣
ʲôɲɷǰֻоԼСޱȣɨƺҲԷھ֮УλʮߣȴƾŰʮǻõѡ񡪡ӣ
һ˲֮ΰΧ͵ػɨ˱һһٶȥֱ̨֮£ת֮Զ
Ҷڷһն֮ȴҲоһۼɼ߶ȥȴҲѾ޶ݷ׷Ҳֻ֮֮
Ϣ֮䣬ҶȴѾָ糣һæŮǰֻЩ˿βŶŮȴδȥ΢һüսħϣȴ½֮ǰ״̬֮У͵һն
ɲ֮䣬е˿׹䣬ЩŮڵ˿Ҳһ˳ƮϣΪңɢ
ŮһԾɫ԰׵شܣֻҶһˣŶһ
üһ׺ƳһҹȥֻһرɨȴһֱδʶᣬȻֲֵܣ͵Ϯ֮˵ǿɰɣ
ǡҶһͷ
أޱߵػܣѾɱ𣿡
ɨǿ󣬷ŽסҶ˵ΪƾɨʹսϷһȴҲʹһʱжáȻǱһնŵȴˡûס
ޱ޺޵һ䡣
û°ɣҶ̲סʡ
û¡׺һЦɨ֮˿˿ޱѡˣ˿ֱ֮ԭҰʹʧȥжһ˿ƻ֮ٻԭҰǿʿɷˣǼµķȻû㻵ˣֻǶѡ
»õˡޱ׺ϸ˾ɨ֮󣬲һ¡
̸ϸӰšҶ˵˵֮£ɽıɽ촦ҲǴдҪ칫ɽɽկΪһк֮£ֹԼڴȨ
ãŮһͷ
Ҷһսʹ޶ݷŶŮ¥£ѩӰ˪Ӱ¥Ѿۼ˲ٱȴ˸ǣҶ㻷ܣ˵¦⹴ӰŰɣʮɽկӰղΪһѱɱȻӣú󱾺ҲὫ¡ֻ֮δһа֮£ˡ֮󣬴ӹݸǸ翹һɱ֮
ԱϣŮɱȥ
һڱһɫ԰ףȫȴĸ
һ·ݸǰɱһʲפ֮ҶΪʡʱ䣬ֱʹ޶ݷӪ֮ڣǰȴһ
ʱ߽죬ݸ֮´½һ飬ڽĿɿڴǾ쳣ҶֱӽдĹ˳ڽˣΪԼд౨ʵۣ鳭ʱҪܺǲر֮󣬱Ůʹ޶ݷ˾Ӫ
һ·ֱۣӻصӰš
ڰ;֮˾һɽ֮ʣȴһ˼æ˷ɳ۶¶
ȴǿɡ
Ҷ㣬ʣҪһصжҺ·ֻɱҰɣɿҶ㱳Ӱһҧгݡ
мѻأұزưոݣ
޺޵ȴǳŲͬķɱȥ


196 ټ
ҶŮصӰţһӰΧ֮ڣʱпһ˳һҶ㣬Ⱥʱû˵ޱĿһɨôǿӳϵĿˣҲ
ңҡȺ˵֪úǰʱȥȴ̸ϸɵķϣϪʯȥˡ
Դһ·裬ֱӷϣõϢȴ·ӭʣô˵㣬˵Ҫл㣬ȴôôͻˣ
ʲô룬뺦ֵܡ׺˵ʮɽկı֧ȴ¦⣬ɽٵ˸ƽ֣ȴһۣͬһ޳󱲡
Ȼ£ʵһһȻ뽭๴ɽӪկ⡭ˣ
СʮկҶ˵Ǳ鲼ݸסͨҪԹٸǮﶼҪʮկĵϾȴëȫ˾ȫ̵ȫ̱ȡνĹ·ѣټСɵҲΩհÿ붼Ǿ޶֡
Ǻ˲ǳҧ漴ʣǡӳô
ӣޱһЦҪҲǿ϶ӰɡǸ֮ǰصǰɣ
ȷʵδ顣ʣôȴҲȥ鷳𣿡
ǵǰһ˵ɡҶ˵
ǡǣæͷһ·ӾӴһڴл棬ʱ˾Ҷ㽫˷֮¼˵˵㽲˿¦֮¡
¦ѾЯɨ͵ϮҲɣҾߣų̵ȲǣһʱزҶ˵еԽұػϸҲͲһͶˡ
ɱ¦⣬ʦܣӳԾС
ȻޱЩ˵ֻǳһף¶׵ĸ֣ҲһĶأ
ţţӿҶ㣬ͷǼɨʲôķȻޱмＸȴȱ˸Ϊ˽⡣žɨԱҶˣҶʵжǿ
ӸоҶѾ㹻ʵڽϽһһˣΪһ֮һʦˡ
Ҫ£ͳһӰţࡣҶ˵⣬ЩڣһҪΪӰšǰҴʱһл˳֮뿪
ǵȻáӼæͷұͲóЩЩŲʦȨ󲻿ʰʵ˵ȻɽţЩġ
ʦ棬ⷽͽﵹǿ԰׺һЦЩҾڴߣˮľɽһ붼ƹܣͳڴⷽ棬Ǻĵá
ǿ̫ˣӲЦƶˮľɽӰɣҰһ¶ܣֻվ㱳ɽܣ㿴Σ
ֻһҪ󡣡׺Ʊüʦ浽ʱĪĻ֮͸Ҿס
˼ӻͷС֮еļҡģһСʦ涨Ϊ쵽
ǰӰˣҪڽҴɵĿУͬʱûѡҶ㱧ȭһ
ˡͷֻ
֮ǰֻҶ㵱һ֪ҶĹ»Լ֮ϣ̬ɽת䣬Ҷ㵱Լƽƽദ֮ʱȴɽ
ʱټɽµĴ䳡мϡ֮߳һɲ֮ʱ˵Ļȴ˸Ҳӡ
Ϣ˿ɷϣϵϪʯüŵˣ㣬ɴ̽ǷҶŮӶƽ飿
ȷʵ˼æͷ
ɫݣûһ㽹ţҲûˣϪʯʡ
ûСҡͷúܣǵȥǣȴŵԶԶ˿û˸ˡ
ˣϪʯüʦҪȻ԰Ȼأôģ
òǺʦǴ˰ɣʱһֱһĪ˾졣Ϊ˾ֻǱʲôĿ֪̬Σûи磬ǼæϻѰ϶ıӻ
˵ĲϪʯͷҲΩһֿˡߣ϶ôټˣʦһʵ֮ʶֶȨϼһû뵽Ȼļƣô껹СԣӦҶ˸⣡
ᵽҶ㣬ĪͲɴ˸£漴ͷ޾⣬ҧгݵ˵϶ˣʦô죿ܲǳûڴȨɣ
ʲôϪʯЦɨʦУʵҲһǿ϶ǱиƽԪȴҶȻǵɽկֻҪʦڣɽկٽʱһֽ״ҶϻͥҶͷ¦ǱȻͣʱҶ㵹ùˣ
ֻʣ϶һˣעҪУĪ಻ɸЦ
ߡϪʯվΣ϶ϾǱų֮һʦʱȻԺԿʦʱԣȴ·ϡǷֿʵԷ԰ѱȥҪʲôɣټˣҪҵʱ£϶ûռ˱˱ǡ
ǣĪһͷһܳȥˡ
ӰžɽУһɾռһƬɽ߷壬ǧڡҪЩȫȴҲҪһʱ䡣Լʱ֮ӰȫԱŶ·䳡ϼŵȼߵͣ䳡·
ۼ˾ѵ룬̨վǰڣӰšټڴˣȴҪһ¡
ʦױߵϪʯʱվߺһʦ֮δ½ɼʦʦʦڣʦһЩԲɵľҲ֮֮˵ڡ¡ʦҾӦȼʦɽ֮ټְɣ
ϪʯҶޱ׺ƣԼͽһֱվ󡣴ʱϪʯ˵ⷬҶʱǰߣϪʯ˵Ҫ˵Ĵ£ȴʦйء
󵨣ϪʯɫһָҶ㡣ʲôˣӰŵ֮θɣֱʦ֮˲ѵӰǧΪвɣʦҪڴ£ȴ⳯͢ӥȮУô£
һʱ䣬·ȴüӵǲ
סڣޱǰһƽԪҶ㣬Ȼǳ͢ˣΪפر߹أʾԪӦԪطߣ˷ڤյİΣ±𽭺ȴ֮磬ڤչΪӢۡƽݷ˻ƽ磬ˣΪӥȮݵİǷӦ
⻰һڣ·֮ȴӰҲˣݵı仯ȻҲʱޱһ˵ȴв˵ͷǡЩ͸ߣҲɵͷȥҳ


197 ŽԾ
ҿ󡣡Ϫʯɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲʶԼ˵ȷʵǷǡǻκһ͢Ա⻰˵ĹҶ㡭ޱȴԲ顣
һΣҪ鱾ڲ£ܲʺø˲ɣλȴǽϻƺ¥ˡӰŴ֮У²ʰɣʦǷ̫Ƿǣ
ϪʯɡҶ㿴ϪʯһЦˣҲľʶ˵ٿڲ١
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼Ϫʯü׺ǿӰˣ׺ƵãҲȨ֮£ο
ޱɫʱһ䣬޲ֱȥϪʯ⣬׺Ҳɫһ죬дŭ
סڣҶһĿֱȥϪʯ˸սȴҶĻͷ
Ŀɨˣ֮ߣ޲еͨӰҶӰӰֻش׵¿һΣ㷡
λҶ˵ղǽйӰһ֮£ҲҶĳϵԽҶĳţſⳤټǰΪȴӰŵδǰ;λ
⻰һڣȻһۣϪʯ̲סҪ£ҶĿһ䶢סȴӲûҿڡ
ͬʱҲɲС˵ʲôĸˣô£
ҶĳΪڤƽԪϵְ𲻽Ǳ߹ƽҪڵƽҶ˵һأΧ󣬴ĵɽկȴʮ֮࣬鲼ݸأӰղɱԽΪһɵӰţôȴΪһֱǵĴڣ
ʵڽƻٹأѰȴӰŲԸάհΣһλԪȺվ˳
Ҷ㻺ҡͷʮկܺݶ꣬ΪǽƻΪǿʵ߹ҪկһʯɽկλǿΪܣ
ڽԻȻ֮ϪʯɫҶҪʮկ֮ԼһɼæӦ֮ʡ
λǿ߸ʵɽĿɽ
ô£
λҶһ֮󣬴һʱȫȻˣͻȻ֮һץһ˱ץ˳̨ϡץΣԿץ˶̨ϡ
Ӱۼ֮оץɾޱȡߣȴ֪ҶտԨʯ챦װտԨʯȴ챦֮е챦Щ˼Ҳ޲㵣дĽ֮顣
˶ĹԭҰ֮вýѣȴʧȥƣֱ̨̱ϡϪʯֻһʱɫ䡣
ʮ˺կȻȫϵã˻ĵӣˤ̨¶ߣ֮һۼ˱Ҷסһ亹
ˣʮɽկеλկҶ˵ҶĳʮɽկɨƽˣկȫɱѾǱ֧ߣھ׿ڶ˵ɡ
˵ţտԨʯռץն굶һ֮䣬ڵĹʱǵƿԼ塣ʱվһҶϵĿ⣬ʱŵֹ˵ϡ
ƽԪƽԪ˲סڵؽ
졣Ҷֻǵ֣˱ʱٲҶ˵һ֡
գ˵棬ǽǱָʹ˵һҶĿɨˣͨǸҲ˵ʵֻ˵˵ݺˣ飡
ն굶΢΢𶯣âӳУҶܵħӿγ˾޴ѹ˵ձѾҶ˵ôãΩһһҲѾ׵Ժֻʣº֮æǾҲ˵ʵҲ˵
˵ҶָһˣȴϪʯǵӡ޵һŵĹʦ˭
С޵ӰŵĹڹ¹΢ȴδ޳񡣡˲˵ʦӰڳǿϪʯ
˵Ϫʯ˫۷죬İŭ
Ӱһˣȫȴ֮Ҳûˡ˶ԼĶ䡪ɵϵ֮⣬ǿһˣҲ֪ɰнʮɽկ֮£ʱţȴһ㣬Ŀɿڴ
կϪʯ·ŵöҶȴֻһЦħӿʱоȫһůٿϪʯʱȴôˡ
˭ʦϪʯŭšˣôӰˣ
֮˵ЩҶݶկͷ
ʱ·ϣҶѾͨĹ֮ˣѱԼɱҲԼ֮˵˸ĸկѱҶ˵֪ԼΩҶһˣ˵ϪʯǿҲȲǣȴǾ˶Կ֮һ˳ӦҶ㣬·˴ʱҶһڣկʱס˵
μӰţʱϪʯΪʦϪʯ̵Լ˵ֱ˵֮£Ǯƺ֣һɽկʼΪһڼ䣬˲ӰŵţӰпһطӰľսɫ԰ףһвЩطȴܲŴǱű֮ˡ
ϪʯɫȴԽԽ԰ף޲ֱӳȥһƱ˴ˣҶ̨ϣȴ·һɱһ㣬ɢƣȴκж
λկ˵Ҷ⣬ȫȥʱҲ˵ȴ¡
Ӱ˶ףԭǿɹ¦⣬ʮɽկΪһЩνڲҵзʹڲԴϵĴ󹦣ʵҲٻ߿Ķ¡
֪ߣ޲ü̾ϢһˣҲɵͷȥв
Ӱ֮УǧڡǧڣȴǧǿһɡĵϵȴֻǲˣǧֻǷɵµͽȴδһΪ
Ҷ֮ǰҲ˿һĵϸ֪ǧһѣǾͻΪɵİףһѣӰŵĵӡʱЩ˶ȻʼԼδҶһ֣ס˿ڡ
λ˵˴ν˷֮¦˿ֺңȴɱ¦⣬˿ɡɴʱδصУΪ֪°ܣٻء˰࣬˵ְ֮ǻصеͨˣӰҲ
һԾϪʯŵһƨɵλϡ
ɱʦϪʯȻ󳬷ĸ֣Ȼһˣ
ʦҶŻ˰ɣĪɫ԰ף
Ż𣿡ϪʯоԼЩ䣬ľȻҡͷǻԣʦþͻع飬Ҳʦض֮λ˿̷϶ȴҲǺ塣ô˵Ȼġ
Ī಻ִ˸£ֵҶ㣬ǰιԼˣȻ˸֡


198 ϴ
Ҷ̨ϸȴֿʼοĿһˣδɵĶж£ǲ֪ߣǱɱΣȴȫָɵĳЩ£ֻҪ漰ֻɼΣֻҪҲɴᷢǲ׷
һһвȴǷһ
ǡʱ̲ס˿ڡǷģҾûȥ켺ǶӰŵĺõӣֻЩ˲ܿһߴֻҪڹǱ㻹ӰŵĺõӡЩ֮ףȴܷ
£ȻѾٵγְ֮׺Ҳǰֵܷ˵صͨӣҲѲܡλӰŲܳһã㽫֮¶°ɡ
Ҳ첽ǰ˵ʦӳ״ӣ֮һʵӦ֮λ
ǣӵĵҲ첽ǰҵȽԸʦⳤΪ
ҵȽԸⳤΪ
һĵ׼ʱʱվӦ
һ֮УЩδߣʱҲæվŸߺЩȾߣΪ⵽طҲվһ𺰡
Ϫʯɫֽһ㣬վԣ̨ɽҶ㣬ȴûվ֪ȥԼӦȴǼ뿪¾Ҫù
뵽ȴ˸ߺ󺰵Ļҳ棬ȥ
ϪʯߣĶȴӲҶۣ֮Ҷ㵱һȣȴѹǧ˸ߺ֮漴һһ̨£ֱϪʯ׷ȥħ֮תۼ䵲סϪʯȥ·
Ҷ㣬Ϫʯ޺ҧ
Ϫʯ̵Ϊһ뵽齨ɽկҽ֮УӸɽկзֵٺôڿ°ܣһ֮Ҷ㿴Цݱ䡣ӰŹ棬Ƿڤɷ㶼Ҫܵط
طϪʯЦóĸ֣ͶһɣܵԼҲ޲ɡȴʲôͷҶŲţʱͶĸү£ӵ޾Ȩƣʲôƨ֮λȴҲ˵־͵֣ʱҲǳ͢ԱܰΣ
Դװߣ˵ʲôǷϻҶҡͷ̾һͻȻӰŹ棬ͽδã
ʦʱ˿̣æ߶̾һȴһࡣ
ɱгϣȴÿһɵϵġ
˭ɱңϪʯ۾죬ͻȻιâȴһ¹һԶۼҪߡ
ӵ𣿡Ҷɫ䣬̽տԨʯռץսֻһӼ䣬ʹ޶ݷ˲޿ռ׷Ϫʯһն¡
Ҷ㣬ҺƴˣϪʯУ̧֮䣬Ҫһ֮Σδ³ΣһâѾӹϪʯ塣λĸӾҵһۼһ´зֿ룬ɢ¹⣬ɱôͣƬ֮һѪȵȥһԭػκҲˤ˵ϡ
Ī౾ҲߣʱۼǿޱȵʦȻһм䱻ҶնɱȴѾŵ˿ӣ˫ȴﻹܵÿ죿ȴ׺ƶס̨Ϸ£¹ֱȥ
Ī࣬𣿡׺ƴһ
Ī֮ʵ׺֮ϣʱȴƱǿ˵Ļ׺һȻǣѾĵѣһ¹ڵϣסڵؽУ׹׹
£׺ȴδԶ֣һһĵӳ˹ȡĪס
Ī࣬һУЩ֮£׺ɫ䣬Īŭһ
˵ȫ˵Īͷſھ͹ʮʮ޲ɫŵתܣﻹܵˣһеĸ־ʱסű߳̽ͻƶȥȴʱ˺
ţֻҪĻڹɰףɴᷢ䣬ֻһ׺飬˶Уȫ
ʱʮ˾ȿֺؽʮ˱¡
Ǹƴ˰ɣʱɵһȴһ˳漴ӦƬ̼һ֧İٶ˵Ķ飬һҪ䳡ɱȥ
𣿡Ҷ㵭һЦָ֮ɳʱǰУʵ΢ʱнɱɳ֮вҽвֹ
˼ˣŵĵѣֱӹڵϴһЩҳһţӶӣȴǳ𴦡
ʱһδһЩ֪ȴȴ½ԼҲۣʱڱһųЩˣȴûöãͽȫ¡
Ҷ㳷ȥɳбʱվһ󲿷ȴȫϣáһǿߣͼɱȥȴԼͬסһս֮ܡ
ʱӰȫԱ룬ȴǹʱ׺ʱ˽ͻЩ׺֮翹бɱʣµȫսսп־壬ȴʲôʲô
֮󣬿һϵ˶以ҷ֮䣬ȴδ׺ӰŹ棬߻ɱнߣ򽻸Ҷ㴦á
䳡һʱѪ죬ޱɴüͷ㵽ҶҶסοһ̾˭ǵͬǲ֮أǷֵɽկ֮ʣӦ֪⸻һջ
סޱͷһѪ⣬ˣӰűزȹ̣Ļȴ֣ڡֻǾ˼䷱ղһλáǣҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬˵жôſ񣬿񡭡
ȨˡҶ˵̫أеʧӲǲȨƣֻǵ֮ϲʧ֮ȫΪ֮ȥ֮ʱһ˽ı˽˺˾ӽ֮ʱȻʧɥ֮ģұ緶
ţҲҪˡޱһЦҶյø
ӰŵĴϴһֱ˻ƻ֮ʱһĵϵӷȫҶСҶʱ󶬳ǵرɱһɷѺͻ󶬳ǹѺȴ͢ɷж
ϣӰȴδܰҶӰգ׺һŷ磬±ףӷӰ졣
Ӧӵ׺壬ȴֱʱδܵ׺ȴ²ȴȥѰֻɳˣĴȥѰ׺һ˵ټ
ҶҲеǣҲȥѰң󶬳ǳȴͻȻѰȻ¦ʥּҪص۶ҶҲֻޱ뿪Ӱš
֮ǰȴΪ׺˴ļʯֽԪڸ׺ƣʹʵΪӰж
ƽģһص۶ʥ֮󣬱֮ʱҶ׺֤ʱѰ״硣
á׺ɫͷ
˾ʹӰţŵ۶ȥգڻص۶֮ڡ


199 Ͻ
۶֮ʣɫȴѽҲҪرգڹ֮ǰУһ·ǰƽԪ
˻һӦʱӭ˳Ҷȴֻ˰֣æİɡҾòڵ۶͸λˡ
ңܼҼæʩ
ޱڴ˵ңȵһСҶޱͷȺҶѩӰһ·ʹ¹
֮¹ٻȴǸɫ˵ƽԪˡʥȴѾ˯ˡ£糯˵ɡ
Ҷһͷ˵ʲôȥˡȴɰ̾Ϣ
λʥϣȻ¦ǡ¦֮ˣֻ˿ٲٷǣҲֳĺ
ұϾɱһλ¦ٽ£ʥϵҲʵҪΪһ˦ƢȴСľ
ҡͷЦ˵ˣǳϲҡ¦ڣȴһֻΪ˽˹ڣ¦ʴȿݣȴʵǲһءںΪһǱǷڤ֮ˡ
Լֵܣοȥ߹ʵ߹㲼̫ƽʢ
뵽˴ȴЩ˼ҶͥʱæҲûʱ˵ϵȥֳ̽
һ·ȴܼҳسӭԼһʱ˵үٴ֮˹ڸеء
֪ҽ˻ʹɣҶ㲻һЦܼһͬص
֮Уȴ֮ڿⲽҶʱüӭ˵𱸣ҵƽԪҲ̫˰ɣĲǣҲǻһʥϵ壬һȻӰӶ˵ɱɱ֪ڳ˶𶯣⼸ʥϼֱҪٹǳˣ
һȴңڸʥϺŭɡҶ㵭һЦ
㻹Цó֮꿴Ҷ㣬̾˿үǹ֮Ӣ۲٣Ӣֻһʱȴһ·գһβ·׹ԨҲãʥҲãڤʧȥš
ǵ˼Ҷ»Ȳ裬ʾ֮Ҳ¡֮̾˿Ҳֻȴȵ
¦ץס˵㣬˼λһʥ࣬ҪְȨɱ֮˵οôǺã
ûʲôҶ㵭һЦճ֮ϣа취Ӧԡ
ʲô취֮ʡ
ˡҶ˵¦⹴ӰųϿɣʮɽկΪһ꣬ﵱ֪ΪӦʥϡɷáʱһ翹ɱ֣Ҳ鼱֮Աѡ
һ˵Ⱥ֮̾˿ʥϵ˼Ҫ֪һ糯֮ʱһҪڳ̬ȣʱʥϲ̹ϣڹйɱ˳Ľڣ̷ʱֻľְȴ¦ǰдЦˡҲʥҲ챻ˡǺòԸ¦ǵţȴΪԻٳǣôǲþƣһֱ¦Ťת㰡
֮ҡͷ̾һʹҶȴֻúЦ
֮һսۿҶߣѱɱҶʵεϢȴδ⴫¦Ҳã¦Ҳã֮Ҳã֪ҶѾΪʵ͵ǿߡ
һƾĺٹٵȻڳԵ¦ǵȻ׳ѹ¦൱Ȼû̫ȡ
һǿأ
ۼҶ㽫ȫһ£֮ȴҲΣϸΪ·϶ֻʹ¦лᱣȻ󷴸ҶһҪúϣֻɽڲûգֻҪ̹һʱ֮λġ
ҶЦȴ֮Ϊģθǣȥ֮ǲ
磬ʵôޱȴ͵˰죬֮һߣضҶ˵Ϊô£ô㣿
²ΪڤʵۡҶ˵С˵ΪΪѩԴ˵Ϊڤȶհޱʱ۲ȴǸɵй֮ˣʵʥ¦ҲǳҶѵ֮𣿡
סޱͷԲŸΪ£Ϊ˰գȴԼʹˣ뽵ͽǿ
ҲʥϡҶһЦ͢ϵ£ƽ¡ܾһУ֮͢ϣȴ񷨡صơ˵ƾʵ¦ͿƷ¦࣬ԼϵλȴΪҪ£¦ʩ񣿡
ޱ˼Ƭ̣һЦҿɲ࣬ȴ벻ס
ǰڴ֡Ҷ˵ƷʥϣǱԽҳӣ˽޲ӣ·ҲַҪһֱȣһʥϳĻᣬʹ˳طϵʥϣԼΪ»ʡ
ͦ鷳ޱͷ
Խ뵱ʵ۵ˣԽԼõλҶ˵ˣŻ뾡һа취֤ԼΪʵۣ˳ӦֻųıŻ᲻ЩֱΪ¦֮Ȼ²ЩõĶȥȴҲϣԼųꡣ
Ҫôأޱʡ
ﶼֻҶЦˡ
ԻԾӣޱҲЦˣѽŲǸûء
ôһ˵ȴҪЩ²ŶԵˡҶһ˵ţһȥץޱȴЦܿ˸ץץ
ģץ㣬ΣҶ뿪Ц˵
ˣޱҶ㣬ɫȴɺ޵صһۡ
Ҷ㲻һҪǰʱտԨʯռ֮ȴǧĺҶȴʱϷ֮ģֺޱУŴտԨʯռ䣬ǧ˳
ʦʲô£Ҷǰʡ
¡ǧЦ㽻ҵľϽʥѾһ꣬һöϽ𵤡
˵ţƼʱе⸡ȴһöϽҩ䵤Ϊɫ׺мɢâһ㲻Ƿ
Ͻ𵤰ޱشţ̲ס˹ȥϸؿֿ
ʲôⶫҪ˲źáǧЦ˵꣬һҶ㣬㣬ͻɣǰöϽʥ֣
ʦҪ̫ͲǡҶ˵Ϣ
ҲϢǧһ֣ȴ˷֮ɫտԨʯռǸõطһѰһ˴ţɰƱĵطɵãȴҵˡ˭֣֮ܰҸ˭
Ҷ㲻һЦæտԨʯ籮ռ֮Уæȥˡ
磬˰ɡޱȴֽϽ𵤵ݵǰ
ѾǳҶҡͷȴһûܽϽ¡˽ǿǴϲ¡
ޱȴҡͷҾҲǽ޴档˵ͨʥ֮˵絽ʥǽħ֮˰ҲмԨԴ㣬˵׶пܡʱ͸¦֮ˡճ֮Ͼһأͻƣ֮رܴݶȹ԰ɡ
ҶޱͷȻҵޡ
˭˵Ҫˣޱһߣ۵ϲá


200 ʥ֮
ޱļ£ҶվǽһöϽȥ
һץ֮䣬սȻ֣һӣʱ޿ռ伤˰С˵Ҫ֮ʱӦ֮Уȴûκұ޿ռˣȿԼΧֲ±Χ֮˷֡
ϽУҶֱֻһ¡ѰСĵҩ̷˳źһȥֱӵθҶоθһů漴ʲôըһθıڷ·ܵ˴
Ǵʮ΢оȴʹ
Ƭ̺һҶȫ£϶Ϊһÿһë֮СģƺҶγһغһһ壬Ҫ߿նȥ
Ҷ΢ڶߴȥ
Լ֮䣬Ҷȴоһƺڸ߿մĴһ˿϶ǸɵֱӴǷ϶֮С
һַ·ƮҶţȴܱ棬ֻ֪ȴ֪ΪһɫҲǰֻȴֱܷΪ
ľ֮УҶӦһ޷˵壬޷ȴϤΪսбϽʥʱҲӦ֪ʥ
Ͻ֮У·Ǹʥ֮󣬱㽫ټȫԡ֮У˵ĳ죬̲סһХ
ʱȴһϸ߽٣˶⣬ŻһеϢҶѹ
ҿʥ
һ޵شҶĶڣȴҶ𺳡üͷ壬ָһɳУĥ
ޱһԿþޱȣȴ֡
нʶ֮б÷ң漴ȴµУۺһγһֻ֣ſץţֱץ˷ΪħɢڿС
ҶйâĶԿ֮Уо֮ǰɢʥ֮ɳ֮УִԼϣԭѽȴоһϤĸо
ˣʥ֮֮ʱҲֻʱһӤȴδļ佫֮μǡ٣ȴڱ˾Զļ䡣֮䣬ԭѾѣ
֮ҶԺһųļѣʱƿɳЩʥ֮塣˲䣬սħӰԾϸֶںһ漴ǰһײɳ֮С
ССˣȻƿʥ֮
֮һʱսħɳʱɳΪһ塣Щҵз·һԣٶͬʱһնǾ֡
Щҵй֮£Ǵм׷ף䣬ȴֱںϽɳ֮У׳ɳ۳ɿʥ֮侫̶ȴʤƮɳĺô
ѵ̷ϽߣҪһٲɣҶ֮εķʡ
Ǵɳ֮ץţٵУȴԶмҪ٣ȴǱĥۿҪ
ʱһעǾ֮У޸һ£γһףֱӽΡնϣֻܽǣȴ޷ٽƿǴʱ裬ץġ򣬽гƬƬ١
Ҷ㲻΢΢üȴ˸ڴ
Ǿֵмɳǽһֻȫɳֻɶôǿķ
Ҷֽõĺô
룬Ǿȴ̫ǿɳ˼ۿҪƲסȴҪơ
ƾƻȥҪ
䣬ҶԭҰ֮ħݺᣬǾԪ׵ļƬ˲ħ֮зΪâϣγʽӵһסҶڻõʥֱ֮Ӵ֮Уʱ㼤һǿ
ƣһУҶһȭԪϼʱһΣ·ķһ㡣ֱӳɳȴΪһҲ˺ߣһǰɱ
˲䣬αɱ˾ǰֱײ˹ȥ͵ſֱץΣȴһѱ㽫С
ּҲóҫһԼƺЦ֮
ʱȴͻȻһѣ޴ĳȫھֻһαը㽫Ǿĵ׷ɢм׷ɶ䡣
ɳʱЩмУȫԼںϣЩбøΪͷÿһѺХ֮䣬·ڷսʿźХ֮ļ¡
СӺƻԼҶȴΪ⡣
˭˼Ҷ㶼֣·ѹĿ±Լ
ʥˣʱҪɱңҲȫ֣ˣ
ޱȣħݺἤҶϵľԪ»ָɼƬջħ֮֮ʣ˫ȭʣͻȻȻһѪħɳ֮ڣݺײľ֮ϣʱмɢ
ɳ̰ЩȴΪ׳
͵ճȭͷĴԼһŭȴֱǰײһ赲ɳ֮
ôҶ㳤Хһ̧֮䣬ɳĺɫħɳ͵ſ³һö顣
һöַɳܣӶ³飬ȴһö
ǣ
˲䣬һըȴδٻɳһ˿һǾҵıը֮ݺҵ׻𾢣ȴȫɳ֮УӭǾȭֱȥݺݺϡһʱȭ𶯲ݣȴﻹͻƵóɳġ
һըȴҲֻܽǵסĹƣʥ֮Ȼͬһ㡣
Ҷ̾ţȴţ̧֮䣬ħ֮ȻȫӿȭͷһգĿ֮еľȭ͵شһȴǷǰԼֱӳɳ֮Уһȭžȭֱ
ƣ
һ֮Ӱ䣬֮Уݺײھȭ֮ϣȭһȴδ
ƣϷƣƣ
ȭ׻֮ȸ֮ˮ֮ķصһȫǾȭϣȴֻȭ𶯣޷ȴԲ١
Сʥ֮һ鷲˿Ƶ˵ģ𣬴˴βԼǷ
ҶȴЦ
ʵ֮ʵ֮֮ǰ߽ͬ˿ȴȴ飬Ƶı֣
УҶ̧֮һץսȻ֡ħ֮˲սϣޱս⣬ʱݺķɳ
ƣ
ķҶһնâھȭ֮ϡɲ֮䣬ǾȭͻȻһ죬ըмɳС


201 
Ҷ㾲ɳǾȭ飬̧ͷϿգȴٸӦǽµʥ֮
Ͻ𵤵ҩþʥҲʧ
ɳЩƬ֮ԼںΪһ塣ɳﵽ߷󣬲Žɢȥ
磡ޱ˹еʣôſ־භգҲ֪ΣȴóȻ
ϽӦòôǿȻܽʥԷʩɱְɣҶɻš
ǰɣЩҩ֮²ǼΪ˽𣿡ޱ˵
ҶһͷҪտԨʯռǧͨȴͻȻоڵħӿݣȴŷ֮ơ
ȲæϲɫޱһЦҳһ³׵Ĺؿڰɡ
ʲôޱԾС˼ǡӦԼѾ۷壬ͻƵĿܣ
ҶͷŽʥ֮ȴӤʱļ䡣ҳΪħʹʱұʥ֮Ҳʥֻ֮ӡȴѾٴȴʹ˽⵽ʥ֮û뵽ȴٳ
ǿǴ£ޱϲæͷ켯ͻƾɣΪػ
˵ţæ˵һߣԼŵҶ㡣
ӿϢħҶ㾲ڵأԭҰ֮СʱԭҰ֮ڣħＤţһҪ컻صļơ
һħţǾԭҰԵСħԭҰ֮輲ɣһʱȫǵļХ֮֮ͷѡ
ҰҶһʱ˷ħǹâҫʱеСħֶͣͬħ֮һͣڿС
ƴԭҰ֮ӿݣҶоԼ֮Ҳ֮仯ѣڷš·Ǵؿ֮ʱҽһ㲻赲
Ȼ֮䣬ʵ֮еͻȻ۷ХХ֮Уһħӿٵ۳Ϊһħ˲
޿ռ䣬Ҳδסһħ˲ͻƶϣ͸ֱȥ˲Ѿ˸߿Ʋ֮УȵӿϢ۶еʿһʱ֮䶼ӦϢɾʧɫ׷ܵ棬ߡ
ԶʿؿҲ֪۶зһСȻ˴˽Ϊǿߣ
ʲôˣ
֮ڣ¦Ʒ裬ȻԵõعۿ輧裬ѵ˼㡣
Ҷɱ¦⣬˾ڳ֮͢Ȼ󲨣¦ȴ֮ϲѡʱϰٹ٣һͬҶ㣬漰Ĵǰ¦һ֮ȴѾٲκá
ҶѾǱɣٲܳԼĸ֮
ȻʱȴӦһɾӿ֮ȴӦǿ߽ʱ𣬿첽Ծ˸߽֮ϣĿǵľȥ
ƣƾƺһ׽Ϊס¦ţ΢΢üͻȻȴǴʧɫ
Ǹ򡭡ѵҶ㣿ɾһôܣ뿪۶֮ǰֻƾʿôͻȻ˳񻹽ף
亹ջ䣬ĿǷͻȻӿ޿ռ֮ȴһһ㣬Զһڵ۶ЩߴĽ֮ɱúһ¥֮ϣȴѾؿǾ֮ء
ƽԪһƬ󸮵أɺݺҧȻҶ㣡ô쵽ģ
Ƭ̣ȴͨһ¡ҶӰŵӣһͬɱ¦⣬Ҷһ֮ɱ¦⣡
뿪۶󲻾ã¦ҧţŸҲӰ֮£ɱҶ㣬øҶ㣡
غһʱתȥ
ʹ֮ڣ¦ķǵⲽ糯֮ʱ¦ǵ˵ĵԼӦӦԣҶ㡣ʱ¹ȴ֮¦ʱ֣Ҫ¹ٽ֮鷿УԼһ¹ڣҲȥ
ߵ棬ʱӦһǿ߽ʱǿϢɴȻ۶֮оȻֽʲôˣ
ͷȴһ룺¦ǵ˱ã
˼֮䣬ȴͻȻӿ޿ռҲһһѸٵԾ߽֮ϣټƶ˻ʹǽ֮ϡ
򡭡ȵһڵĵطȴزƽԪķ򰡣ѵҶ㣿ܣ뿪֮ʱƾʱ֮ȴһ׽һ㣬ôأ
ȻΣȻͻȻʲôһ㣬æԾ£鷿ǰ鷿ǰ֮ȴҲ㵶ǳľҪǵߴһۣȴֲҡ
¦һԸߴ֮һǵʥϺ󣬼æǰд
ˣ¦һ֣СȥƽԪҿһǲҶΪף
ƽԪ֮һף⡭ⲻܰɣ
λүϣȴʲô漣ܷ¦˵ףǿ£ȥ̽죡
ǣ֮ʱӦһеƽԪȥӱޣñʱһȴѾɢȴҲѾ԰ٷ֮ٵؿ϶ƽԪз
˸ǰĴŻŵø˼æһ֮꣬ʱʩ񣬵˵֮ȴѾ룬һӲŵǴСС
˽ʲô𣿡
֮ɱ֮䣬Ҷȴǰֻޱ֣ϴŵȻЦ⣬
ƽԪ֮꼲ǰϸҶ㣬һҡͷҲǸʥ伶ʿȴһҲʵǳ˵һǲ֮ʱ
Σޱⶺ
ûʱ䶺Ȥˡ֮겻ҡͷЦһϹͷҹķϣǱ˵˰ɣ
˵˰ɡޱһЦϴ뿪۶ȥӰŵ·ϣ۷֮⣬ͻƾƶ볬ٴθȴǽΪסɣ
Ȼ㣿֮Ҷ㣬ȫˡ
ҶѡҶһЦ
˼飬˼飡֮˵˼ȴͻȻתܣޱһ
ôˣıӰ
ҪãһġҶ˵
Ϊʲôޱʡ
ôһʥ֮⡣ôߣһҪæʥϡҶ˵ֻһ֮ǰ˵һȫճ֮ϣȴҪһζǿӲˡ
ÿǿ졣ޱЦ
ǿߣѾǹ֮ҽף˭ҲӣҶ˵ֻ¦ǴʱҲѾ֪ҽ֮£Ѿʼ¶ơ
ȴ֪¦Ǽ׵ǿߡޱ˵ǲ㣬ֱӽɱˣڤ¡
ˣˡҶĿǿգ


202 Ӧ
һ죬֮ϣȺ¦δ֮ǰ۷׷ף̸۵ȴȫҹ˽¡
¦˳֮ڣȴֻǾվţɫȺҪȴʱǺ֪ߣ֪¦ǲ뱻˴ţԲǰ
֮ҲǾԼλ֮ϣα۷׷ףȴֻżбۿ¦ǣĥŶԷʲộȴҲ²͸˼
֮Ҷ㻺롣һȺԵ֮ʱͣ˶ӿָ뷨
߽Ķν󣬵۶ееĴ󳼣ҹִºɳ̽ǳ߳ƽԪ֮£ȴѾڳ֮джʮ֪ǳǿҶ㱾ˣҶʲôѡΣƽԪ˳£Сӡ
ÿ˶ĥһᳯῪʼ֮ʱԼӦõʲôĽɫ
˶Ҷ㣬Ҷȴ粻ֻǻڶУ֮һȥڴʱ¦ȴͻȻһĿֱҶ㡣
Ҷ̹Ȼ֮ԵͷһЦ
¦ޱȣôֱҶ㡣Ƭ֮ȴͻȻ仯Ҳ΢ЦӭҶ˹ȥ΢΢ͷŶòƽԪֽˣǿϲɺء
ҶѡҶʹ˹߳Ľڡ
¦Ҳ֪ͷ˿Ϊ⣬΢΢һЦƽԪοǴֱʰݷ˻ȴǻ˰һƽ硣˹ͣ
лү佱Ҷһ֣Сçײڽ˷֮ȴɱȻǷͽĻָʹǹҸͼɱǰΪڤӣɱ壬ȴʼһ
飬ɴС¦ǿҶ㣬ȴѹ㣬֪бʣЩᣬκᶼκεˣҲʱԱΪѡǧ򻯣Ωһ;ȴѾǳеǿ֣۽ҲҪӦǡߣ֮ϣûʲôԼΪҪ㸸ԩ飬ֻһ仰ѩ£·
·ҪҶ˵򲻵ȵ;ȴѾߵ˱ԵҪ׹Ԩ֮ССүĴ־ҪС
¦۴Ҷ㣬ͷˡ
Ҷע¦ǵۣȴоޱȣ·ܽԼһ㣬ҾԼ΢΢ħ֮ȴҲ͸ǳȴòϣ¦ʵԼ޷Ը
֣ȴҪٽǡ
һЦ䣬ֶ֮ߡ
˵Ļס˰ɣ֮ʡ
ȻҶһЦ
Ǳá֮ҲЦˡ
ʱл¹ٵǸ߶ʥϼݵ
¦Ӱڸ̨֮ǰȺʱݵڵأߺꡣ
ƽ¦̧ʾ֮󣬻Ҷ㣬΢΢һЦ漴תˣ۶һ£ǶѾ֪˰ɣ
ȺȻ֪ʲô£ȴ˸Ӧ֮ȴһͷֶʥ˵ƽԪ׵°ɣ
һȺȴƽˡĲ²⣬˴𰸣ǽǿ߾ȻƽԪҶ㱾ˣ˶ھ֮࣬оһ˿⡣
ĳɳٶȣҶò˶ãܳΪڤһˣ
ǡ¦ͷһЦƽԪӢۣдţдԣΪҷڤϢԪӦ߻˵ڽƽʮ˴ɽկݷ˻һƽ硣ֽףΪ֮ʯΪޱɽƽΪһ̫ƽλ룬ȴӦͣ
ʥϡ¦ǻڣƽԪȻй˷֮ʱȴ壬ȴһ˶ȴղ˼ҶƽԪλ˾ʽҶɼܰհǲ׷ֻҲӦ֮繦֣Ϊʡ
һȺԾһû뵽¦׷ŹҶ㣬¦һڳȴû뵽ӱ仯֮졣
ȴԼͬ뵽ֻҶȻǳף뻳в࣬ʵȴѾõ˻Ͽɡ
٣ԼҶ֮ĳޣȴʼҪ⡣
ȴˡ
Ҷаţȴͬɫֻȡ˵Ҫ¦дµڹ飬ݸϻ¹١
ʥϣдµڹ顣ҶڳԴ֮ȴԼĴڳǰ±˻⣬ҲΪжԴӦʥǰ顣
⻰һڣȺһҶ⵽ҪʲôѲɻҪɱĹʧƵɣ
ô˵ûɱ¦һʣһ߽ӹ¹ٵͻڹ飬ϸ
ΪҪɱҶһЦǳȴֻһȴǻȨɱ
ѵȴɱɣ¦ǲһüȴȥˡ
¦ǿڣ¦һɵĴʱŽ֣֮˽֪Ƶõ𣿡
ǣҶ㣬㲻ʥּɱ壬˭Ȩ
ǴǴ
˼ȥ¦ĿѾɨԼһɴ󳼣ڳĿⲻƣȴٲҿڣսսȥ
˭˵֣Ҷ㻷ˣ΢΢ü
дףΪ翹ɱǺʱǰһ˵
дۣӦֻʥϿ֪Ҷͱˡ
ǺʱһĺȴԶԣĿ¦ǣò֪롣
Ȼл¹۵֪¦ǺһȴԼϣ¦һ֣֣֪˾Ƿ˹йأֽй¶ϢĻ¹һ𷣣棡
ˣˡ¦΢΢һЦ˰֡
һҲδɱڶҲдɡҶ¦ǣ٩٩ԡʱƽΪ׷ɱ֣ȴòҳһŵݸԣίеʱұݸĽдֻۡǵʱȴûнᣬȴκӦܷ
ʲô¦һü˼ɱˣ
Ҷͷ˱ӰŵİɡһֱɽկΪһΪһ˽޺գͿ̿顣ۼ°֮ʣὫйʹɱ֣ɱȥ
һɺԣ¦üҡͷܵɱִݶȥ
ֿȭȻܡҶ˵ӰŷɨȴСΪ˻ɱʱ֪ˣʹɨģֻҲҪ䶾֡
ʥϡ֮ǰһֶԡԲȥǱػ丮ڸ֣ȴǱһּ˿˿ɱ֪ȴӰŵķɨ
˵ת¦ǣţҲȥ顣
¦ɫ࣬ȴ΢΢ҡͷ˰˵ˣôȻˣȴٲ顣
Ѿʡ¦ֽˣͳӰŰɣȣɱںʵ֮ͽ޴ּȥٹͨ


203 
¦ǿҶ㣬ٿ¦࣬ȴǹӦ
ʵ鷢ҲѾ˹ȥȻҲ֪ɱ֮¡ΣҲǿɱ¦⣬¦״ϿȴҶΪ
ȴǲʵݣҶ˿̽ȫƵ˿ɵϣȴ޷룬޼ƿʩȴҲֻˡ
ʥϣʱ֮ȴǰһһ񡣡ּҪ󽫾ҶӶ±ʧһȴѾȷ֤ݣ֤Ҷ޹ʵǱǶĳؽͨԪӦˣҶ󽫾ƭǣһϵйʩչҶ󽫾ԩڴˣʥ
˵ţ˫ַһݺصۣ¹ټæȡˣŵ͸¦ࡣ
¦ȴһüа̾һʱץÿáֽԽԽˣȴܲ뼸ˡ
Ҷޱ飬ȴһ˿졣
ʱΪҸѩ£ҵ˼ȴ̫˰ɣ
޷֮裬ֻ֮Ҫйͬͬڤ۷磬һ԰ұĳӣԿɵȫοΪҸѩ£֮⣬ȴҪл㡣
뵽˴ȴ̹Ȼ
¦ĬĬϸţ֮ȴһ鰸Ȼŭĳؽ壬ʵȻҹԪӦݺҳ͢ȶʵܣ֮ǰ㻹Ϊ׷ַͣȴ֪Ϊ˰ɣ
ǳʧˡ¦ǱȭһҾ
ãδ֮ġһ岻ʲôˣΪ£Ҷ㣬ˣȴ޹ء
˵ȶҪ¦˵ּȥմ͸֮;ջأأʬڳǽҰҲ乫壡
ʥϣҶǰһһȭʥ֮Ҳ㹻ʾȺ֮ﻹ˰ɡҲҸ֮ԩʹ޹ǣ
á¦໺ͷȻƽԪĴʴȣҲڳȫ⡣ˣֻС߽Ϊر߽ʿūͰɡ
ʥʥ֮ʱͷʩȺ֮ߺ
ҶҼҲѾ乫Ӧ黹ƽԪǡ֮˵
¦໺ͷҶ󽫾ԩҲҪּ׷󽫾ҶΪҶҼҲ黹ƽԪ䣬±ҶҾլʱҪƽԪһոµլԺǡ
ǣ֮һ
һ£Ҫڴ¦໷ˣڡȴǾȡݲ˹ҲҪһλ֮ҹ˼ȴѾ˺ѡǱƽԪҶ㣡
ʲô
֮ʱը˹
ʥϣҪƽԪΪ𣿡¦ȻʡҲûϵ¦ྐྵȻʹôһУֱǷ˼˭Ҳϲ·
Ҫ֪߽ǻ壬¦ļλĿǰһܷλȴѡһ֮˭ϵ¦ྐྵȻҪһλ
кβɣ¦أݰգ˾ƽԪΪһ㡣ƽԪҪвţҪȴܰغһݡ˻ƽٷϴ٣ҲֻƽԪߣܳȴʹΪһҷڤ̫ˣҪһƽʵԴΪ㣬𽥴ݣȴƽҡ⣬Ҳ֮ơʵΪ𣿡
Ϊ֮Ҳڱʥʿ֮ʱ󡭡¦üȴ¦ʱϡ
ȻʥҲΪЧʥʣкβɣ
ʥʷΪһȺ潨йδȣ֮ķ¦Ǳ¡
¶֮Σ¦վ͸ǰδе֮潨ʱ֮Σȴй֮޲ʱʥ֮٣ѵҪŸ齨ɾΪʣʹ·֮ʱȥ취𣿡
ɨȺȴÿ˶̲סսͷȥ
λڤ֮ǿߣǻȴǵһɢ䳬ϢޱȵѹȺһʱ֮䣬˲𣬷ڤ۶ҳԱУֻ¦һǳǿߡ
ǿĻʵۣʵҲԺµĸˣ
¦ǿ¦࣬΢΢֣Լǡ
ã¦ȴδϵױͬԼ˺һ󣬲ϢݸΪƽԪݣԼҳ֮пʤԪӦ֮ΰҵƽԪΪƽԪƽԪݣͬʱԪ졣
֣ڤôţʵǴҡ¦һͷţζֻ֣ҪΪǣΪʥϳܽգȴҲҪټһλţͲʮģȴҲѾﵽ˳֮ȻսʥϿϸȴҲڻ¡
¦΢΢ü¦ôͬԼԭ
֪ҶѷᣬԼȫѹҲЧû¦һ飬ͬʱٽԼ֮һͬΡ
ͬҶΪͬˣȴ̫ӣ˫ҪֱӷҲգ͸ɡ
˺ڣ¦ʡ
ڵ⡣

ˣŷұϵ¦ǻͷԸʱһλ˴С
һݣȴһŮӰ֮է֮¼Ӣϸ֮ȴɾ信Щġ
ŷұμ꣡ǰϸ壬ȴҲ֮⡣ֶ񣬹ڵأ
ǳʿ¦ʡ
ǡŷұӦ
ˣʦӺδ¦ſʣδʵĻȫʳ¦ȴѾ֣ŷұܾѾ׵úܡǽˣһι֮ģػ֮ţȴҲѵõšʵ乫֮λϾûйԳܿ¸Ժ֮λ
¦΢΢ü¦ǣȴйâ˸ĿᶨƬ̣ڻͷðɡôͷһɡ
òײ࣬ȴ¦΢΢ü
¦߽ܷҶܷƽԪб塣¦ǽǺӣܷʵ壬ȴҲеŷұ㣬˸壬ʵûͷȴѰζˡ
һʣȴ룬о˺֮λȴ󵳹ϵ
лʥϣ¦Ǳüŷұȴ⣬¦ߵףȴλ
ãҷڤţʵֵ֮¡¦ͷһЦƽԪƽԪǱ߷Ѷ㵹üΣǷԸȻؼ磬ǰ¶Σȫ֮ˣ֪Ҷ󽫾ȥԩҶ㣬ȴҶЩճҵ䣬侮ʯ߲һ
лʥ⡣Ҷһ񣬡ȷʵ˼ȴڡʥԣƽԪǱ߰ٷϴ٣̸ϻƽԪݣµȶ֮˵ɡ
Ҳá¦΢΢ͷƽԪԹΪأο
תȺѯʿҪϱȺȴһƬѻȸ¦΢΢һЦ˳
ֱ¦ȥǰݷڵصŷұ΢ЦվĿͶҶ㱳Ӱþòơ
Цݣһֹζ


204 ŭ
Ҷ֮ڵ۶ͣգȴ֮ϸϼһݵĴ¡Ҷֱ¶࣬ȴרһݣ¦֮ȴΪɫͳҶϤ֮ȴһϸƽԪݡ
Ҷ˼գ¦ǡӰһߣ׺廹ѶȻȴǼޱƽԪݸȥأӦ¦ɳ̶һ·У;ĹٸҪдҶȴޱ΢飬Ϊ;顣
¦Ȼͬ⡪ҶʱѾǳ׵ǿߣǿȻҪӱǣȻҶ㱾˶⣬ҲûҪ֡
˳˵۶УԶСޱмֵ⣬Ҷ㣬͵ЦҶ̲סʣЦʲô
ҾȻҪ޸һλүޱЦǰҿû¡ǽɻľǺͳ͢˴һƬҲ볯͢˹ĽˣȴԼãҪһλүɷޡ
ڳˣҶҲЦ
ޱЦ
׳ԩѩȴҸŵԵʱ򡣡Ҷ㿴ᡣҵ״磬ұ㽫ҲлһүүĸǰݹҪýȢ컨ӭš
ɲڡޱ˵
ô᣿ҶһЦȥ֣ԹԵذֵ˹ҶţЦ⡣
ҶȴͻȻһ䣬һ߸ڣһȣ·ѣɡ
ޱһæ֣ȫ䱸
߸֮ϣһ˻վȳƣһƮݣð׽ͷҲһɫñֻ¶ֻ۾
ºĸӦվڸϣ΢ЦЩɳƣȴǹװļ
²ͷ¶βòЦҶˣһЦֻڴ˵أרΪң
˵ͷһЦ˵͢·һλƽԪк棬һᡣ
ʲô᣿ޱһ˭߲ñС㿴Ҳң
ȴޱֻǶҶ㣺˵ƽԪ½׵ĳǿߣãҲǳһֻֻһסʵ˵ݺὭҲͬǿߣȴҵĶ֣δмįҶ׸һ֣²Ƕ֣ȥѰսĶǿӡ֤ҵʵȴѡƽԪܺ⡣
ںԡҶĿˣЦһħԭҰйâ֮ʣȴѾƴα֮ԡ
˵ɣǺǰɱңʵ
øֱˬļһһͷȴ˵Լȥ°ɡ
òҲ֪ҶһЦ¦ǻ˭ŷұǰ׽ժȥɣ㵱ϲǺˣڵȻֻҴһ棬¸ҵӡȴ̡
⻰Ҳ˵˻ͷһѽ׽£¶һӢŮףҲָֻҴһ棬ƽԪµӡȴҲ̡ʱұ̲ס룬ƽԪ֣Ҳһ׮¡
˵ţȴЦЦԼһ˻㱵ޱֻͷĿѣһʱȻԳֵ·Ҫһ㡣
ҶĿһ϶ȻӿħʱޱޱǼָ̻ȴһ˵ʹʲôֻЦ㼸ɥʧ֮ˡ
ȵտԨʯʦһҶּ䣬ȴޱֱտԨʯռ֮С
װĿռ䷨Ľŷұ¶̰â㾫Ŀƿռ֮˼ʡҶ㣬ҽձȡĽ֮࣬ͻʳѰ
ȡҶһЦڼʱŹĺԣԻúúõģȴеˣѾˡ
ȻǲͬŷұЦš
ЦУȴͻȻ֡һӿʱаޱȣҲ뷽ģྶͥ
࣬ȴҶ̲סħ񣬲΢΢Ȼʲôڷ֮ʱʿҲı仯ȴħˡ
Ȼϳ֮⣬ٲħ֮Ҳˣŷұı仯Ҷ㾪ȡ
һȭм汾¡ŷұҲһ͵Ը߸Ϸ£һȭҶȥ
Ҷ̧ӭŷұһȭȭħ֮ϣγɱȭһƿվ죬Хֱȥ·ʯײһ㣬ƾˡ
ȭڿжײһҶɫʱһ䡣ֻԷ䲻ԼȴܿԼȭһײ֮䣬ȭ֮Ȼ·Ǽһ㡣
ŷұȴ͸ɫͻȻ֮䣬Ҹ·ȴǻֱۣͬʱȭԲͬȭһȴʤҶ㣬ײκѩӰܲסȴʱˤȥ
Ҷ䵽󷽵֮ϣѩӰһָ֮ʱ۾ŷұһ׺ݵĵͺ
ȴԭһֻޣŷұйâʮۣǱˣҶ㣬ҽվɱ㣬ޣȡտԨʯλС㣬ҿɾûȤˡģһƽȥġԩ𣬲֡
ҵҪˣҶ㿴ŶԷһЦ
ǵأʱѾˣвҲνŷұҡҡͷ
ôҶ㿴ŷұͷֻ汾ߣŸҿڳԡ㷽һЩ˼ɷ˵˵㹩Ǻ
£ŷұͻȻǳЦһһ֮䣬ɾһһȭҶȥ
ҶɫһǱȭһ
ŷұЦõģ˲䣬ҸֱۣȴһȭҶ㡣
Թ֪ǷáҶƽͻȻ˫ȭޱȣͬ籩꣬ȴʹȭ֮Լٶȭȴͬʱȭס
ÿٶȡŷұһͷһȴҲŤȭ˲䣬һֱҸֱۣȴһ˰˱ۣȭ乥ͬһ㣬һʱҶĿȭѹơ
ɢȴҲѹҶħʹҶһִĳƸо
üͷһ壬ͻȻħ֮ˡ
ˣŷұзŹ⣬ǵ⣬͵һǰڴһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֱַȴǴҶ㣬Ǵ֮СȭöݣȻۿɼŤռ䣬·Ҷ֮һŤľӣ˼ľ󶼱
ɱ磡
һУֱ͵һȭŤĿռϡǿռʱһ˲֮࣬һƬһҶֱֹ
һƬŤĿռ䣬֮þʱŤĻȴһ콫㸲齫ҪĿֲоҶħȴҲֿ־壬²һ
޵ʲôôǿƵѹҵħ֮
ۼһƬռҶȴ룬̧֮䣬˱ǹб֯ɣ͵̧һ̤ʱһֻ˪㣬һƬŤռ̤ȥ
˲䣬ṇֱ̀Ȼը˪̤֮˲ѹ¡
һһһ𱬷ʱͽŤĿռ価ơɢ֮䣬ɢ١
ʱһâȴֱҶţɲǼ佫ҶŹᴩ
ػħ˼ʾȻȫʧЧ
ŭ


205 ʿ
һߣŷұü֮䡣˼ʣü֮һֻۣйǹǴ
ۼҶ㱻ԼһţŷұɵҶ㣬ձɱ㣬Ǳ첻ãգȴҪ֣ڴ֮ϼұһĪĵ⣬о㱾ǿҲҪУȴȻˣ
ȱ˵̫硣Ҷ̧ͷĿŷұɱ˸
ô£ŷұɳһ
һ磬ôҵ࣬ˣұɡҶ㻺˵ϧȴ̫ƫˡ
˵֮䣬ħӿŴһĴֵָĹᴩˣȴ
⡭ѵ㹩ɣŷұۼҶϢһתǿɾһ漴һҧһ䲻׼ǱһΣ
˵֮䣬üйâһһ˲㵽Ҷǰ
ǹ֮죬զ࣬ҶʱѾ׼ȴһЦУ˫ƶޱߵĺʱӿ𣬲˴󳱣һбֱŷұӿ˹ȥ
ǱӹŵȴǳǿߵϢڶȴŷұҲüͷ
Ƕǿߡŷұɫأ̧֮䣬˱ӣһռ䱻ȭŤ׷ӿǰײڱ֮ϡЩռ֮䲻Σƺ϶Ҷħƣȴǿصס˹ˡ
ҶȴٴüŷұΪ⣬Ҳ֪޵ʲôȻԿԼħ
һּ̧䣬ӿ𣬿͵سħ֮צŷұݺץȥŷұʱ赲󼸲һʱϾ֣ɫ䣬͵طһȡ
һȣȴ쾪һ㣬ȴҶҲ֮һ
ʱһڷڿһһµסħ֮צһץħ֮צֱץϣʱʹâÿâͬһ㣬ĥħ֮צϻҡڲ
ħ֮צǿȴù֣ȴǽ£Ҫ顣ʱŷұѾסһΣڳٴδһҷʢ
۳һߣֱӴ֮С˲䣬ϷâӰ֮䣬ȴһĵĴӰϣ΢΢ơ
ħ֮צϵĻʱɲ֮Ȼըͬھȴδ˵ŷұֺ
𣿡Ҷ㲻һ
֮һ޹շڤ֮ʱʢйһʱ䣬Ϊ޹ͼ÷ƷڤˣӶڤȴʹڤ佻񣬷ڤȻʸǴݻٷ¡һٷ񣬳ƷΪаԳ
޹̵伮е񻰼أħȴȫĹϵ˵ħΪͬôħĶԴԡһǸǻιӥĻľ磬һȴӶһΪȫľ磬ˮһ㣬Ƕˡ
뵽˴Ҷ㲻ȻѹŷұԿԼħȴͬˮһ㡣
һȴȷţǱŷұȫ֪ħħʧ֮ã޶һ˵һ˲˵ȴѾǺԶš
ԶʷϣҲֻǧǰǰƳǧ꣬ȴѾֻڴ˵֮С
֮Զǧ꣬ȴѾȫǵ飬ȥ롢ȥʡ
ڵпνġħҲһִ˵еĲ˼ҲãʥҲãǸƮ֮ҲãֶѧʼҲ˵ֻΪԼΪҵһֽڶѡ
Ҷʱħӡ֮¹Ҳмš
ԭˣԭˣ
Ҷ㰵ԵͷŷұԼԭǱûʲôõǵˡˮȻܿ˻𣬵ԭô豩꣬ȴҲƲס
˼ת䣬Ҷ֣һǰ̤˫ȭʣ΢һȻϵѪħǰֱոջħ֮צŷұȥ
ŷұҶ㹥һһȴ಻ɴ𾪣֪ԼСλ·ү
ΪǺǵģ
ݺҧȴͻȻֱͦӣ˫ǰ΢΢ϣϵı仯ȴγһ΢Цݡ漴ųǷ֮Ӱܣغһ𣬽ӿ仯
ҷǻۣޱߣ
Ӱз뿪֣ǰƳʱһӡɣӡʹâ䣬֮ԡ
ͬʱҲչȴһǷշǷӡںһ塣
ϵײӡϣʱȻ죬ӡ˼±ɢɢɵȴϵħ֮ưһͬ
ӡǴȴȻ⻪С
ŷұüͷ΢΢һ壬һģȴĳһӡӡǰǷһ壬һɺƵʱɢķΧʮɷΧȫڡŷұ溬΢Цһ֣ϵݱʱͦ
֮棬Ҳҷһ顣ŷұţָǰһʱΧԲʮڵݶضһǰȴʹǼӲ֣絶ŷұ̧һָͻȻն裬ڿб֯һҶײȥ
ķȻԿƵݣ֮ȷʵЩ
Ҷ΢΢ͷݾֱ̧һץ
ʱϷһɫħڿб仯ħ֮סͷ޴ޱȣſ޿ڷ֮һݾҧȥ֮ҧڿУ͵һ㽫ݾҧء
Ҷһֻջ裬Ϊצ֮ǰһץʱбħħ֮צһǾ޴ޱȣݾϰץצУ¾˺˸顣ͷҶ֮£°ҧ顣
ñ£ŷұҶǿüͷȴԽԽͻȻϥϣ˫ֺʲдʣƬ̺͵һ̧ǰǷӡٴηʹ⻪ΧʮɷΧ֮ڵʯʱͻȻƿնһʯľ޴ȻҶȥ
÷
ҶĿһȴѾһоǷӡ֮ȴǷ֮ݻɵʮȻԿԼǧ򻯣ȷʵ
ʯɵľ޴·һСɽһ㣬ǱϣֻǾҪΪҶȴҴ⣬ʱһħ֮Ȼϣ͵شһһȭ
ȭ
ħ졢ءķ似ȥǷֳ֮ǰҶ˽֮ʣҲʹ˶ķķƣʱ޴նȴóһжȭ
ɲ֮䣬һȭƿնɢЩҶħϣγε𣬶ˣȴһֻʵޱȵľȭһºݺݻھ޴֮ϡȻ֮УǾ޴һ㱻÷飬ʯмɢķ
ʱһȴҷһŭ
׼ȴҲ׶Ƕֱ֮ʱҶ㵭һЦħ֮ȴӵһԡ
ŷұҶ㣬ݺҧͻȻһԾһһ̤˲ʧ١


206 
֮£ɽУһͻȻŷұӰǹڣһվȣˤڵϡ
һµشϢš
ҶȻ򵥣ҽӡ֮ȴǰܸ޺ΪУȴҪټܴﵽףʼֻߡӡ鷨γɱ
̾˿΢΢ҡͷҲգ¦һʼѾ˵ʤҲǿǱߣȴҪúýһ²ǡҶسǰ·ϵİʯ·ӦδǰȲǣ
ʱٵ֮ϣҶȴԾߵĴĿѩӰҲﱼߣſеζѰŷұټһһæ˰죬ȴֻػعٵ֮ϡ
ޱ˪ӰտԨʯռ˳ޱʱܣһЦˣ
ˡҶ΢΢ͷֹۡ
ôޱȶʡѵʲô˲õĵط
ܿҵġҶü˵Ƿ𡣡
𣿡ޱһǡ޹ˣ
òǷڤࡣʦ޹ĸ֣Ǹĸ˫һˡֻߡҶ˵ǷͽΣĳֶ󲻼򵥡ڴ֮ʱʥĳȴʱͱ¦˹ȥǴ¡
ҲǡޱͷϹȥҲδ˵ˡĸ֣Ӧ²Ŷԡ
öˡҶһ֣ҲвֻҪСķˡ
·һ·ȴǼʮֵСġ;ȴ£һ·ƽصƽԪݡ
ʱƽԪݣѾӵʥּЩĴҲѾλȴѰҶҶݸ֮УЩһ԰գΪ󣬲ޱ뿪Ӱš
ˡһ棬׺ƾͼضҶ˵죬ɳڴϢ˵鵽Ҹټȴϱݵı԰ɽһ׼źڵ£ȥѰңǾͻˡ
½ҰɡҶһ˵һһߡѾ֮λȻҲԼаᵽɽ֮СʱλʮȴԴ֮ӭ˳۾עҶ㣬ȫǾ֮ɫ
㣬ûӦɣҶ㡣ҷűӦһɳǿߵϢ϶Ҫɽѵ
ûޱŴ𡣡ڻص۶ĵһǰƳһöϽ𵤣֮ͨʥ֮Ȼͳɹˡ
ǰĸӦ񡣡Ҷȴһɽ֮ʱ˵ܸӦ
ףܲ˵ɣЦ
ףޱȵ˵˵ֻǱȿһ㣬ô˵Ҳǡ
סӻͷ
찡磬㻹ֻǳһ׵ʱ򣬾ܻǿߣ⡭ޱɴ۾Ҷ㣬ȵò֪˵ʲôá
ǰ֪ɵǳҶܣޱҲûʲôо֪Ҷһ֮Ȼǿߣȴɲ̾
㵱ʱ˵ֻ֮ԶԸǿ𣿡ӺʣҵʱΪȫ˽ǳȴԭ
ʱޱɫһ죬ʱ˵˵ţġ
˲Ц
һöϽ𵤣óǿ߽ף׺Ц̲סʡ
ϽôӲҡͷʮʱʦһöҷ֮Ҳ˽⵽ʥ֮ӶʹԼи򣬶ʹɶѡóǿһףǴ˵еɵɡ
ʲôɵŪޱ̲סʡ
ȴЦˣʥ֮ʥ˷õĵҩ£ҲǷ˵ĺ£ҾУҲɵû׼ʲôǸġ
Ļȴ˶Ц
ҶʣǰʱϽʱʲô֮·
⣿һʲô⣿
Ƿǿʥ֮﹥㣿Ҷʡ
ѵ֮ʱӳһ
ǡҶһͷȴһʥ֮γɾҪһɱƴ࿹ȴˡ
Ǿ֮ˣоɡӵۿҶΣ̲סпһҲãʦǰҲãȴδ˾յļ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȷΣȴֻԼġ
һжðɣʡ
õúܡӵͷƶ⺢ӡȻûˮľɽС¶þֻҪĺܱǣȴʹǰһʲôҲòģһҵʵ⺢ӵȴҹһұȥѰƶȴ˵ոȶȴ뿪¡
⻰Ҷһͷת׺ơƽ㣬ڰٷϴ٣֮ʣǰµĺáѾףȴݺ£״鷳ŶܰѰ֮±ȫҰɡ
ҷġ׺Ƶͷֵܣһоˡ
ұ㲻ڶˡҶ˵Һޱȥݱ԰ɽ
һ·Ϣһհɡ׺ֻò˼̲סڡ
ˡҶһЦǰӰűãӰûжƽԪݾͶһݰ
ƽԪݣӺ׺˲һ
ʵѾΪƽԪѾΪƽԪݡޱ޽˵һ֮һ֮ˡ
ڤûзʵΪɼжӡӲͷ¿ɺˣӰʲôҪ˳ֱ֣㷽ˡ
˲Ц
Ҷн׺һЩ׺ʱǱ׺ƣޱɽһ·ϱߵݶȥ
ˮľɽλڷڤϷɽ׺ƽʱΪˮľɽһ֮£õϢ󣬱ԼӰŸ׺Ǵ϶ӰšԶ׺ʮ˽⣬ֻݲ²˵ţǴĴϣԼλһǰ
ĴϽԪŷʥ伶ȴһɲСӵ׺߻һˮľɽɽǿУҲսҰ
ҶҲķȴ룬ֻޱһ·ۣÿ첻㶯ɫڲҵطϢسƽԪݣݵĵؽ硣
˽ӽ԰ɽڻƻ֮ǰȴһǡҶۼޱûϢãоɫɴΪʹ
ͲҪ·ˣڳҸʵĿջúϢһɡ˵
ûϵġޱһЦ㿴ɫô磬ȫôҲҪһʱ֮һʱȴ߳Զء
һʱҶҡͷ΢Ц֣УǳС
ޱҲȷʵЩˣʱҲټ֡˳ǣУһ·Ѱҿջһ֮ϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶĿһһޱ˹ȥֻһλʮĻӣ첽УɫҴңżҪ֮¡
ʶޱʡ
¦ǵĲ£ǺӡҶ˵漴һ䣺ʲô


207 صҩ
ǧݣһʲôҪ¡ޱ˵㿴һλү˵͵ֻڽߣɫҴҡҪҪȥһ
áҶһͷĿڳɨɨһҿջһָȵǼҿջңȥȥ
šޱһͷ֪ԼʱȻѾԽƾ۷壬Ҷȳǿȣȴʵ̫ͣҶһǺӣȴױԷǣѩӰ˪ӰԼǿջȥ
ҶϢСĵԶԶǺ󣬽һ֣ǰһΪĴ֮ϡǺһ·УһҾ¥֮ڣú˶¥һż䣬Ҫ˾Ʋ˺Լһ˳
Ҷδ¥ȴתԱһСſй٣ȷʵעȡսֱӻޣʹ޶ݷż֮С
СĵؽӽȫϢǺȴԼо΢΢ü̧ͷ´һȴҡҡͷֻΪԼͻȻȴǴ
ҶȴףֻǺӽʱж̣粢δȹ̣ԼȫϢδܲϪʯ֮ླȹߣֻ¾ҪӦΧˡ
޿ռ䣬Ҳ֮ܵһʼУϢĳԴһǿȴӦǱǿڵĿռ䣬ȴױ֡һзſϢƾǿҲܸӦΧˡ
֮ǰҶɱʮɽկկ֮ʱˡ
ҶҲϵǺûǷͣԲŴʹ޶ݷǱ
ǺӳԳԺȺȣ֮󣬷ȴǴţһ㵭ƾϢ˽ǺһЦǵλ
£Ҷһ
Сˣղ˹
ɡǺһͷ˱Ŷ룬СĵعغźǰǺһ

ɡǺһָӣղ
ûùƷɣһЩɡǺ˵
ҡղһ֡үǱ߻ŵһȥʳСɵ½²Ǵ¡
áǺӵͷһЦʶô壬÷ִ磬ȴҲѵõ˲šү£ҲҪ˰
Уȴ£֮⡣
ղȴΪֻ˵үкүӢСɫүķۡ಻ʲô˲šߵֵܣȴֻҸΪɫҵȽԶԵĹʸ־塣Ϊ޵£ǽӵ֮һС
áǺԳʧ֮ɫ漴˵ͷôҲʱˡ
һ˵һԻȡһСӣŵϣƵղǰת£˵֮Ϊףѿ¾֮رµ˺ôĪҪֶ֮飬ү֮
Ȼղͷ´˼ֵΣ֮үԮȻлġ۷ڤкαֶʼֶǹ飬Ȼиͬ
Ҷ㾲ţԽԽӦλ£Ӧþ¦
¦һŮδŷȫڵ۶֮оס¦ʲôҲֻڵ۶֮¡ɳǺ˼棬Ȼλ¡˿ڴ˵ظ
ôҲֻ¦ˡ
Ҷ̲סƣԼ֮ǰѾ¦ǵ¦вô취¦ȴҪʲôıƣ
ǵҩӣ޿ռģģȴ״Ҳ²澿ǺֵҩǺ˵Ǿرزһ㡣¦ˣֻΪ
һҶ̲סšޱ˳УȴײǡĻⵤҩȻ¦֣֮ȴǲ֮¡
ղʱǺӣ򿪿˿ֺϣһͷлүС˾ʹ˸ǣá
˵ţվʩһ񣬱Ҫ뿪
Ҷ㿴Ŷˣȴһ͵ɢսһӡ
˭ʱ˶ǺӸʱɢҪٻɲ֮䣬޿ռѾҶ֮չһͬС
һ֮ʣȴҲҶ㣬ǺӲɾһҶ㣿ô㣡
λҪ˲֪ǼĪΪҶ㵭ЦսһָǺӡû뵽Զǧ֮¦£ȴǱײ˰ɣ
ʵʱҲȷǡ¡¦ֱ̽
Ǻɫ࣬ҧߣҶ㣬㲻ԼƽԪȥȴôܵô֪ү֮µģ
ʱҶѾ϶λ¡¦ɡȻԼ;ǵҩС
ղһǺҶ㡱֣ɫʱ䣬͸ɱ⣬ȻŭһһҶ֡
ǰ·ߣɱ⣡
˲䣬һ׵ߣһǰȭҶ
ҶȴҲһۣһȭȭ֮ʱķѣȴǺֱȥ
ǺΪ׵Ҷ㣬ȴúܡҶֻƾʿʱ򣬾˹Լ˵ҶѾףֻǳһףԼҲǶ֡ۼҶ㹥ȴսȫޣֻǸоһ־塣
Ҳ룬ȴ˫һʱֳë˲һԾ޴ĳ
񣬷ݣ
һХ֮УǺȴȻֱӳ޿ռ䣬˲ʵ֮Уһȭżǽڣֱӳ˳ȥ
Ҷȴżһһղǰֻһȭ㽫õز漴ְγն굶Ĺ֮ס֮տԨʯռ֮Уʹ޶ݷֱ׷˳ȥ
ǺȫӣȴϢɢҶʹöݷƵ֮Ƭ̼ӦǺӲϢ漴Ǵʹ޶ݷ׷ȥ
ת֮䣬ȴѾ׷֮ңԶԶǰ֮ߴһ˱֮ǰšҶ΢΢һЦæ׷ȥ
׷Ǻ֮ʱȴѾ˳ǡʱɫڰҶȴ͵ػӶս޶ݷʱ٣Ƭ̱ǺӣǰҶ֮һ̤󵶻ֱǺնȥ
ǺӾһ͵չ˫ƴӶͣ³ƣȴҲЩײսռͣȴҲʹݷֹһ԰ʧ٣ֱˤϡ
ҶѾأսľ޴һѹǺӵĲϣһǺӣʵ¦¦ᣬôһ£ͼıڣ
Ǻ̧ͷҶ㣬ȴһЦҶ㣬ơ÷ڤδ㷸´ɱңȴΥ˷ڤɣ
ɱ¦⣬£ѵ㲻ɱ㣿Ҷ㲻ЦߣΪ͢ȴӹᣬȴǻʼҴɡ
Ǻɫ԰ףｹżƲߣȴӦߡҶսѹ˵
үԸ㡣Ǻҧ˵֮ǰ¦֮˵үү֮үεȾȴʱ뵽¦Ը֮ˡ
¦ǹȻöԸҶ㲻ҡͷһЦĵԼ֮ǰ֮û뵽ȴΪԼ鷳Լᣬ¦ϼ޻֮ȣȴ̫ࡣ
˼֮ʣǺȴ͵һƿսʹǷݣԶȥ
Ҷȴ׷ϣħ֮ӿս͵һӣԶʱеâһűһҽС
һ̧֣з̽Զʬȥ˲У֮ջɻҡ


208 
¦ߣ֪ĳǿ߱ˣһǺӣһŷұŷұոռ¦£ֻ¦ǶδȫΣǺȴ¦֮ˣʱҶ㽫Ǻӻɱȴȥұۡ
¦һΣνǳһ
ɱǺӺҶ㽫ղտԨʯռ˳仳зǸװŵҩĺӺ󣬽⿪ϵĹ֮ȴ̧ʩչħ֮צǻ淭ڵצղͷʱһץ£ץճɻҽ
ղʱ˹һۿҶ㣬ʱӿҪǰƴҶɫһ΢΢һ䣬ħ֮צѾղڵϣϻղ壬յղҽС
ʵң¦ںδⵤҩʲôãҶ䣬˾塣
ղȴȫΪȻ͸ɱ⣬Ҷŭ𣺡ǰ·ߣɱ⣡Ҷ㣬ҽҪɱ㣡
ĺһһȴʧȥһ㣬Ҷ㲻΢΢üͻȻǰһƵղϣʱղ壬ԭҰ֮С
һղԭҰҶʱӦһɺ嫴ȴ뵱ԼϽ֮󣬼ʥ֮һ޶֮У̧ͷȥȴһֵֻ£Լ
ƣһУҶȭ֮͸ޱħ⣬ǴֻơǴһƣղԭҰȴҲʱ·ʱҶȴҶæعԼ塣
ֻʵеղֳһĨ֮ɫ漴һ˫۱Ҳ΢ţȴٲȴôˡ
Ҷϸһ϶ղħ֮צղʬֱӻ𻯳ɻҡ
ղһ¦¦ʲôסǡܵв֮ʱȴͻᱬղɱ
ֶΣȴħ죿˵ħȴħ֮޹ء
ɫʱȻڣҶתط˳ʱ޶ݷǽǣԼõǿջ֮⡣̧룬ãޱڴ֮ڣԼ룬ޱʱӭȥеʣô
áҶһͷʾޱطһ·¥һǣһҰ׼ڣغţҶŵ˵һ·ǺӣȻ¦˼档ѾɱˣһöҩҲ֪ʲô
˵ţǵҩøޱ
ޱ򿪺ӿһζȴҡͷҴδֵҩǰɡ
ԡҶһĶͷæտԨʯռ䣬ǧ˳ǧȻһٸ⣬Ҷ㽫ǵҩʱǧ۾ȴͻȻɵϴ󣬼æ˹ҿϸζ˵ͷ
Щ˵
ޱһɻȻû֡
Ҷȴһ˵ʱŷұ֮ʣŷұᵽ֮ǧʵʦǿ֮
ǡǧͷ֮Ϊصķ亱޳ߣ֮ط伮Ҳ֮˵Ѿ˼䡣ȴһط䣬Ǳ֮ܵõ˷Ƴ̷֮ڱܹõ֮
֮ޱһ
Ȼǧţֻ֮󣬱ٲ֣һؼǲܵ˺˺ܿٵظԭ㱻նֱۣҲɶϱؽӻֻҪǱһ´ܻùˣʿҲʹ֮ٻָǽֻ֫Ҫʿ㹻ǿ󡣡
Ҷ㲻ɻȻѹֵʱŷұΪԼǹȴԭ֮ȴ벻ħһ޶
һһħȴ־˵
ȴһһЩҽ֮Ҫǿöˡޱɾ̾
еЩʲôҽʲôǧһ˶Ҫʱ䣬ôʿȥҽ෨ߣǾΪ׷ѾûбҪлֵ塣
ʦ˵ǷԷҶʡ
ܡǧЦˣֲɡ㣬ⵤҩͿ˰ɣǱֻ֪»ʱˡǾرأ
ķ뱦Ҳ֮ȴ֮ͬⴴˣǲнŶҲӰ죬ı
ʱƳöϽ𵤣Ҳ㡣ǧ˵ţֽöϽ𵤽Ҷ㡣Լ˰ɡ
һöޱҶùһöޱУǧһЦһöʦԼðɡ˵ùֱ֮ء
Ҳáǧˡ
ޱѾӵȴٲҪһöͷ°ɡҶٽޱСޱȴһôУôĶ
˵ȴûбˡҶһЦСֱ֣֮Ҳŷġ
˰ɡǧЦ˵ȻҲ᲻øˡ
һõҩȴΪǻҶһ˵һȡսӳһƬ޿ռ䣬˰С
ޱҶ㣬ڽȥ̷󲻾ãܾ͵ƶɫҲɫâٹãЩâںһϽγһĻӰ
ºͣȴһλŮƶɫĳȹͷϴŰٻɲݹڣɢһĿζ̤֮ɲݴһȻȴһɭ֮еĸо
ɹˣҳɹˣޱʱۣϲؽҵѾҲ˽⵽︴֮
˵ţȴͻȻֱһץֱʱѪۡƶһת֮䣬Ѫȴתۼ
ϲϲǧǺЦţȴҲҿϽܲͻԪɣ
˵ţϽ˶ȥϥ
ҲһɡҶ΢Цʾ⣬ޱһöϽҲȥǧһ㾲Ϣ
֮ȴǧ仯һϷڶײͷϷһ򿪵֮Уţѷб㴫һʥ֮ȫǧڡ
ţޱͷϷҲ仯ʥ֮ע塣
̳һϷʥ򿪿ڱʧ˼Ŀȴʥ֮
֮ǧӿڷͻȻ֮һԾһϲؽеͻˣͻˣڴﵽƾˣ
ϲʦҶ㺬Цһ
ԽǿԽܸоǿ󡣡ǧҶ㣬ȴ΢졣ǿ߽ʦȴǲ㰡Ȼ֮ʦĳƺ˰ɣȻ˻ΪҶ
֮ҲҶ˵δκǿֻ̻֮Ҷд֣Ҳҵʦ
⡭ǧҶ㣬ȴϲЦãҾͲҪ˰ɣ
˵ţЦ
ڴʱޱҲ۾
˲䣬һڷڶһ


209 ԰ɽ
ˣǧȵؿޱҲϲ£
һֱճȥתۼƲ֮СޱϵţԭҰ֮У㺮Ůޱ裬һΪһ塣
֮ޱ۾ֱ̧֮ӿţҫ۵Ľ⡣һֻٴ̧ȴ͵¹⡣
ӯһתһ»ԵƮƮ
ҲǳǿˣޱҶ㣬Щ
ǧ̲ס̾šֻ˵ȷʵ˳Ϊš
ǽ֮ǸҼʯñʯõټϽ𵤹ͨʥܽǾͳɱˡޱЦ
֮ǶšǧŶˣϲصͷЦţȻһ֣ˣǵİɣҷһ˲õȴǴϣŪȥһüæأ
ʦˡҶ㹪һ󣬲ŽǧͻտԨʯռ֮С
˵ȴ˾þӡҶ㳷ȥ޿ռ䣬ȡǮϣֻǵǮޱջ
ĶУ˳СߣȴֳоȻвջǱƶǱޱ˵ʿ̽ŵջǱߴ̽
ֱ⣬Ѱһҿջס˽ȥ
˵ҪޱúϢޱȴﻹ˼Ϣһҹ˷ܵسóȴû˯
ڶһ磬˱Ҵ뿪˳ű԰ɽȥһ֮ڽ˱԰ɽ֮С
һƬȺɽ֮ѰҼʮˣȴǼ֮£ѩӰڡҶ㽫˪ӰտԨʯռ֮ڣԼޱһѩӰɽзɳαһɽͷԶֽÿһȣѰ׺˵ټ
һ죬ȴһ
ޱǹɳ˷ܾҲȥһֱѰ׺˵ټȴЩйһҹ𣬿ʳѩӰҰζޱ̾ȥҲ֪ʱƽõϢ׼ȷĻǾ׷ʱˡ
֪Ϊʲôҵôлջ񡣡Ҷ˵
Ϊʲôأޱʡ
Ҷ˵ˣǡ֪ΪʲôҶ㲻ҡͷһЦֻһָоɡҲǾͻҵҲ˵
ʱһԳԼ͵ѩӰȴͻȻ˶䣬ͦӣԶҶ״ʱҲй٣֮ҲӦһߵ춯
ƺһǽӽ˵
ȴӦޱ̾˿漴˷״Ǿˡ
ô𣿡Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
ٹһޱҲӦǶĴڣ߼Ҵҵظ֮һʮ˵СӴǰΪ׵һüʣʲôˣΪλҰޣ
һ˾Ȼװ׵ĽʿԸгԾҶվһ֣λүǱɽʿΪĥ似ɽпޡ
ļҵүС㣿Ҳ̫֪ߵغˡǽһɽ֣ȴ֪жˣǻڣ
ʱѩӰѱ仯ΣЩʿǼˣȴҲδ⡣ǽһᵽѩӰȴ¶м֮ɫ
ȴҪΣյľأߵø졣ҶһЦ
߿ߣǽһ֣ԼԸðȴ޹أһƬɽȴѾϣֹƽ롣
ȴΪΣҶʡ
˵ϻһλüȣϿʰԶԶ߿ɽôôֻٲ׼̤߰벽Ҳˣүһһȫ죡
ǡǣҶװ£æޱѩӰŶ߶ȥһ뿪ҫ֮أڽʿӦ֮ѩӰҶָӣǱ֮С
һӽʿϨˣȴűѲжȥҶһѩӰĵӽʿ
һӽʿɽѲһʱתһɽ¡ɽ£ȴһĴӪѲ߶ӻصӪкһѲ߶ӴǳѲֻ·ȴ仯
磬ЩɽפӪֲʱѲ߱ѲߣȴΪʲôޱʡûս£αٴУ
ǵӣƺѰʲôҶ᲻״ǵʧйء
ˡޱѵҪˮľɽ𣿵ǿʷƾõɣǧʷȻʱԻ͹ֻǶɣ͢˻ôԸǣ
ǱӪ̽һ̽ɡҶ󣬵˵
ȡսӵ֮ʹ޶ݷǴӪȥһ·֮ϣСĵطſй٣ӦŸϢֻгǿڴƶ֮зǵټ
Ӫǿ࣬ǿȴҲʥ伶ӪĹģһƬӪʿĳ̶ƶϣһƬӪָӹٿҲԪ̶ȡ
Ҷޱ֮ʣҶɫȴͻȻһ䣬ͺһã
ɲǼ䣬ޱӦһǿߵϢԶ߽ӽʱӪмĳǿߣȴǷ޿ռƶɫҲһ䡣
ôԶľ룬ȻܸӦǣʲôɾȶ
²ʵǿԭ򡣡ҶӦϢȴԼϤСֻǹƿؿռ֮ߡĳǿߡѵɣ
СȻҹ̽Ӫ̣
һȴȴڵǰʮ꣬ʮһۣҹҲ⣬ϣ¦༰¦ü֮ƣദȴ˺ܶࡣ
һʱסҶޱһƬ޿ռ䣬˵ԼɣƵñ֣ˣ
Ҷһս⿪޿ռ䡣ڿռƿǰȴһստԨʯռ֮УͬʱҲѩӰΪΪǲʵȫ¶Է
ȴ֮¦ްܣʵ¦õܣ¦ǵ֡΢΢ü´һڡϵŮȴȵط˾Ȼǳǿߡ
ѵҶޱȶʡ
үȴô֪ǣҶ΢Ц֡ҹðã֪Ǻ˶飬һ̽û뵽ȻүڴˣСȴǵˡ
¦ް´Ҷ㣬ȴЦƽԪǫ顣µ˭ҷڤ㶼ɱ㻹µң
үҶһ֣Ὥ࣬ǿɽկΪһǾȡȴС޹ء
ƵÿǸɾ¦ް䡣㡪ȻѾλ֮Լĵ̺úôţôȴܵҵĵǱҴӪ֮УǺͼı
˵ˣһʱ档Ҷ㵭ȻҹɽУȴүʿֻɽҰ룬ֲǾصأΪȴ˽ӽֻǵðٱҪкβ֮£˲̽顣
ΪҪɽУ¦ްܱʡ
ΪѰһλѡҶ˵ʧվãҵõϢ˵ڱ԰ɽһ֣Ѱ
ԭҪѰ׺尡¦ްЦһ


210 
ҶĿⲻһ
үѵ״ʧйأ
ޱҲ
ʱѾһӶӵı˹ΧסЩССϺȻ˷¦ްϢȻ⵴ȴһز¶֮Уȴ֪˾С
λ¦ͨɫʵǱȶҪ߳ࡣ
Ÿɡ¦ްһЦһפڴˣҪΧѲ׺塣
״粻һ齭ˣδүҶʡ
ûеңȴҵĻֶ¦ްƺѾƶԼԶˣԵûһ˿úҵĻֶŮˡһֶϾȻҪ֪ôļһ
Ϊ͢ˣޱŭùҾ˽˶Թʲôү
Ȼ¦¦ްЦΪҶͿʵĹƨүҶ㣬ڤֻл壬֮ʲôƨҵȶһŲϣãһֶѾãҾͰֶȥ󺦣
һ˲䣬¦ްܵӿһ֮ΧĿռʱ֮ӿˮһ㣬ҶޱУֻоҪתƵģһͷĿѣ
¦ްܣ˵Ļֶ¦Ҷסޱ֣֮䣬ȽѩӰտԨʯռ֮СѩӰϾֻԪȷȫ޵ֿ֮ޱȴǳǿ֣ԼЭԿ
Ȼ¦ްЦţ͵һת˱ΧռʱһͷؽᣬȴޱֱͦܲסҡҪ£ȴҶ͵
ħ֮ҫҶȴƲصߵĿռ䶯ʱףⲢʲôһּΪĿƿռķ
ٺôΪҶУһտԨʯռнս˳͵ǰݺݴ£ɲǼ䣬Χռѣսȴɢǿ޿ռӲҶޱγһռ䣬ʹǿռ䶯ٲӰǡ
֪¦ӵмҰģҪȨ֮УԼж£Ҷʡ
СӣȻķ¦ްȴδһ㣬ֻǶҶеս̰֮⡣ţˣһֶ˵һսܿ޿ռ֮ȴҲУѴ󵶱˰ɣֶ˵⵶Ҫ͸ҵģɱ㣬öش˵
˵ţֻͬʱתƱ֮ӰϸΧĿռ䶯ʱӾ磬·Ҫߵһ㣬ʶѹ򱣻Ҷޱǹ
ȭ
һУҶ㽫ȭ߸߾ȭʱħһȭŵݺ£ħϣʱĺ֮ؾҵزţΧʮڵĽʿʱˤһء
ħ졢ءķȭеĶȭƻռΧԼ֮ʱȭȴΪʡ
𲨼ߣ޲Ѫȫ
¦ްɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ֻһ֣һռ֮ȶվ֮ĵ棬ȴҲδΰ֡
ȭ˼Ȼƻռ֮⡣¦ްܻͷãأ飬ȭ֮ȴҪһеĴභȴƻռ֮⣬ãȤ
¦ްܡҶĿӶԷڡҺ֮䲢޳ޣȻ˵ɱ¦⣬˵¦ڻ֮УԵҲáʱµҲռݵıˣȴ鲻׺Ҳޣֻ¦ѡ¦ˣ㲢˽⡭
ҵĻֶҲ˽⣬ѵȴ˽⣿¦ްҶĻͻȻ̧򱳺һץʱֳսǾ޴ƣһץһ˴ǹ͵Ҷȥ
Ҷ΢΢üֻ¦ްһĺսȴ˵ĳЩ϶ۣȴ¦ǸѶԸ
̧۳һ˱ǹ˳ȥ
㣡ޱһ̧֮㺮ŮƮߣڿƮű֯һ¹⻨䣬һǰȥ
ǹǳǹײһʱպȻըǳǹֻǾҵضһ£ȻϢȼȴûʧʱ¹⻨ײϣǹһ𣬴ʱȴȻǰȴޱһƮֱӴ
˺ǿҵһҲ̫ˣ¦ްܹЦ۾øڽʿǸ˿Щսǲ˵ģǣ
ԣЩʿʱȥ
ܸӦһݺķս⡣¦ްܶҶ㣬д˷ܡ⵹¦ҵİսмˡСӣڹʲô
أҶȻ˵ֻǵһЦ
һ̧֣սս֮˲ħһȴʱӿһɻһеķս⡣¦ްܸӦս⣬Ҳ΢΢һһǿ
˲䣬ҶǰսǾ޴ĵȴһëһ㣬صն¦ްնȥ
ޱǰһ̧֣ųһ⣬ȴǴ˸󣬽¦ްСɽޣҫ۵Ĺâ¦ްײȥ
ּģĿռ磬ҲǰŪ¦ްЦһһһռ䣡
ʱҵĿռ֮Χٵɽ磬˲޴Ļһ±С
Ǵռȴ·ǻһ¦ްܱһնҶײУʱܵռĹ
еսҫź⣬ȴһ½ɽͺƿըѣԼһһֱն¦ްܡ
¦ް˷֮ʢһͷ򱳺һץаγ˱ս֮ӭҶ㣬һնսײһ
һУ¦ްеսȻ˼£һ¦ްܲͷã֮ȴЩĽɵȻǷڤӢţҲֻҹΪֹˣ
һ֮䣬ս͵ǰȥҶ㾹ȻֲǾ޴Ƶһ˳ȥ
ռ䣬ɣ¦ްܷǰ׷һָ䣬ߵĴռ͵Ҷײһ½ΧУ󣬱ҪҶһ
޶ݷҶһӵնһ޿ռ䣬ȴѾʧ˲ӳǴռ䡣
ռҶȴسޱߡ
Ǻõ¦ް۷ž⣬;һת䣬ɱ
Բ裡ޱһת֮䣬ʱƮת裬˲ʮͬתƮ¦ްܼȥ
ټ¦ްһͷٶȴһҲδս͵𣬻ӰֱżʮޱĨȥÿһһһȴޱƮ飬ޱһ󷽣Щ
ǿȴ̲סһ
Һ಻УˣҶǰһסޱУ޶ݷԶȥ
ӣ¦ްЦ¦ר޿ƿռķΪ֮Уӳҵģ
ЦУ౻һ֮˲׷˳ȥ


211 ħս
Ҷޱ˲Ϣ֮Ѿݳ˰֮ңԶ֮Ͷȥ޿ռ֮У¦ްȴѾ׷һЦСӣʵ㻹Զˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷоǰ޿ռ֮УȴһɶԼײУֻʱҪˣæסޱ޿ռ֮г˳ȥ
һ¦޼ҲŶ޻عʵ͵һץʱľ޴ƣͬǵһҶޱѹ
ƣҶһȫսһâʱֿУǾ޴ơ
ûá¦޼ҡͷұ㽫ѹҵĴռ֮Уȼǻֶ㽻ãһ顣
â֣ȴͬˮһδִܸκ˺Ǵһѹʱ˴ռ䣬ҶޱһСɽӣʱΧʹڿռ಻ж
ɥޱղѣΪΪԴչ磬սǿУû뵽ôûá
ֻ¦޼̫ѡҶοֶδʱѹѾǼΪˡú£ҿһռ
һ˵ţһɢޱħսսָ߸߾𣬽ħȭϣ͵شһŽ´ش˶ȭ
ȻУĵ涼ҵǴռֻǸ˼£ȴ˿ûѵļ
Сӡ¦ްߣΪƾһ΢ĩı£ͿƵҵķʵŰɣ
˵ţһŤռʱǿľҶޱѹޱȴֱӱ㶥ܲס˫ȴսҲֱͦ
ҶĿһעǿս֮УһССı֣˻С
ն˵Ŀռ䣡һɣҶս͵֮һնҪƿռʹ޶ݷߡ
ߣ¦ްҡͷЦҵĿռ֮£Ŀռ뷢ӳ
Ȼ䣬ռ֮ٴǿֱӽսѹȥ˵ƿռʹ޶ݷߣʱҶάССı֣ʮּѡ
ѹ¦ްܴһռʱҶޱпȴǱþ޴һɽøߴޱȣѹ˹
£ҶޱսݺݲڵϣάԽԽСı֣ԼȭһգȻһϡѪħʱһɽ÷顣
Ҫ¦ްҡͷЦãɣҿʱ˵ŽָڱȴǲʩɴռԼѹҶ㡣
һľ޷壬ҶѹҶȭϽһɽ١ޱҧҧԸҶһۣۼһɽʱƮһŲã͵سʱг¹⻨䣬ɽײȥ
֮䣬ɽȴֻǱССһǣޱѹ
ƣһУҶһϴɽֱӻ顣ޱؿţ֪ԼҶֻ֮һףʵȴѾر
Ȼ䣬һӱӿʱûֻ֮⽫ԼΧƺҪ͸Ƕ롣
Σ
Ҷ˫ƣ˪֮ʱӿ֮ӵ˻ȥϵѹʱһ
һӶѣռ֮ǧӣ㵲𣿡¦ްһ˵šɽ֮Ǿˣռǧɽù𣿡
һ㵲һһһҶӦ¦ްܣƽԪְ൱ƽƽ˽ңȴҪڤɷá
Ц¦ްߣڤɷ¦ҵɷҾɱ㣬ͦʥ϶ŭѵΪɱңοҽֻҪѹ㣬սһֶ䣬ɱ㣬Ҳ޹ء˵ֻк֪
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪҶ˵ѹסңֻҲ԰쵽
ͻȻ䣬һޱһȴץסս͵عâһȴǽԪ״ս֮ħ֮Ԫ֮һʱ϶Ϊһһ𱬷սն֮䣬Ȼֱƿ˴ռĽʹ޶ݷҶޱһԶնȥ
Сӣ¦ް۾һɣȴ΢΢ͷȻôһ֣ȴǵ͹㡣Ҳ⣬ӣҲӲҵģ
͵һԾ˲֮׷ȥȴǲҶޱԶٴδһռ䣬˰ΧС
Ҷ㲻ɳ̾һ
¦ްʵ̫ˣҷӦݣԼʹѹ׵ȴջӲѹ
һΣȴٸˡ¦ްֻһһ£һ£ǴռٴɽӣȴһҶӿ˹ҶȻȫսԱĻ֣ǻѹ֮£ȴһݣۿҪ
ס
Ҷһҧ˫סսȫ𣬵ֵ˷ޱּ䣬Ʈ֮ϣҲԼԴԴϵش˹ȥҪҶһԿ
ôССıһţЩɽӣȴԽԽһɽһأһӱһ磬Ҫѹɡ
ʵɣ¦ްܴһ˫ںһ
˲䣬ռҲ̮һƬ͸ֽƬɰƴСƮƮظڿС
ռ֮ڣҶޱɽѹסѹڴ֮£˴ȴٲܶϷֺ
ޱ͸֮ɫҶ㣬˵ȴ˵ҲѾʧȥΩĿ⴫⣺һ

Ҷħ֮˸䣬ȴƺޱ񡣵ûо˹âڵҹʯײĹ㡣
ʹֻһ㣬ҲҪ磡
һʹãҲûߵ·
ޱͶȥһοʱ뵽ԭҰ֮С
¦ް̫ǿˣڵһĶ֣ȴûһ֮
̧ͷתݵħ֮磬Ŀ
ұһνУľ޴ħԿǿаɣ֪ޱȣȴѾ·ߣħҵǵ꣬ǵձΪرɣ
ţҶʱֱħ֮ȥ
ʱȴһɰֱӴԭҰҶ㲻һһ䣬ȴһ߷˲Ͷħ֮С
ǾȻս
սҶ㲻ɾһ
սħ֮ڣʱħݺᡣħսħױһսϡǾ޴սŷ죬ת֮䣬ά仯ʥ֮ʧӰ١
ħħȴȡһս֮Уħ򻯳֮Դħħٵظսֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬սĽﵽ״̬
ʱҶħͻȻɶħ֮ȥ
սһħУħ֮з¡
ħսס


212 ռϷ
졢أķ֮սݺ£ң
ħһ漴һһҶ壬˲ںΪһ塣
Ȼ䣬ѹڴռ֮ڵҶйâţԭҰ֮еսתŷ˳һС
ޱĿһ@Ҳû뿪Ҷ㣬ʱֲȻ磬ﲻһԭȴϣ֮⡣
磿㡭ѵҪ漣
Ĳɼ
סսޱȵڵԾţִҶϡҶоڵħܵӰ죬ҲڷٵţȻǳɱ
ٵɽӰˣѹסӢۣ
ͻȻХȻһԾһ֮䣬ѹޱɽƵһסޱ뻳С
ɲ֮䣬ޱȴЩߴޱȵɽСЩӴĺʱҲ·СϪ
磬㡭ޱޱȣ֪˵ʲôá
սʱѾ̬Ҷ˵ССĴռ䣬סǣƿ
һȣֱһնʱΧĿռ֮ȫƿһâռ䡣
ʱ¦ްѹֽƬһĴռ䣬ҪȥáɲǼ䣬һּΣյĸоȴľ̲סһ½֮ȥ
Ҳʱһâ˲ն˴ռ䣬ֽĿռȻɢɨķ
Ӱǿռ֮зɶݶϡ
Ҷ§ޱ֦һ־ž޴սԱĿ¦ްܡ
㾹ȻƿҵĴռ䣿¦ްܲɳһ
һռѡҶһЦֲһ硣
̧սֶĵָ¦ްܣʱ¦ްܸӦһ̰ʹУȴ΢΢ˡ
ս״֮ǰȻϲ޲ͬȴϸڣøΪҲüΪ棬Χƺлַ·к֮һš
¦ްܵĿⲻɱսó̰֮ɫ
õǺõסͷĵֻʿҶ㣬ȴӵıӦң
㣿ޱЦôһ
Ǳһֶ֮Ҳ׿˵ҡ¦ް˵Ǳǿȥ⵶ҵˣ
ģҶ㵭Ц΢΢תսʱ֮֮ϵţ·ӿĺַ·ޱߵĲռ䡣
ָ¦ްܣһĿռ֮ʱǰ߲ӦȻΧһСС޿ռ䣬ƺҪԼɫһ䡣
ôܱ仯ô졢ô󣿡
¦ްü
ֲûֶ˵ǲӵû뵽ȴӵÿ˶ģȴˡȤȤȴԽԽȤˡ
Ҷ㣬ͷ
Ҳɱ㣬ҲὫ㽻ֶҪúĥһϵܡССĳףȴƿĽʿĽҸоһ˿η塭֣
˵ЩͻȻЦԽˣұԽٴνѹ
õ𣿡ҶҡͷһЦս۶ڿлһССĻʱ¦ްܱоһΣյϢߵ·ԼһƬռ䣬ǼǰһС硣
Լڴ˲ؽһ顣
ɫһ֮䣬¦ް֮ٵԶȥ
ʱһ޿ռ֮ȴ˲ͽԭ֮
㾹Ȼ˿޿ռ䣿¦ްܳһȴ죬͵֮аγһ޶ܣԼҲڴʱһĵâǰ˲նǾ޶֮ϡ
һ֮У޶𵴲ݣ漴֮зֳ룬߻䣬Ϊɢ١
ǳĽ׵ǿߣѸ٣Ҷ㽫սڼϣ˵ݣ¦ްܵͷ΢Ц
⵶ô㷢ӳȻԱƸ߳׵ǿȫء¦ްܶսֻ˼顣
ֹȫءҶĿ¦ްܡᣬ㲢ϧֻһζȡǵ㽫ұϾ·ȴҲʹȫһս֮ȴһŹˡ
Ц¦ްܺһĵҲң
𣿡ҶһЦͻȻ佫ϵĴǰһӣһâʱ¦ްǰ
¦ްȴǱ޿ɱܣ
սףһУһޱȣ־¾׵¦ްڸֶ˲Сһâֱӱս׵
һ֮УսȴҲһնһĵۣ֮Ŀġ
ǿ¦ްս֮и̾һ˿δսڵӰ졣ɼսȫɣȴһ
סҶһͷϧҲסһ֮
ȱŴţ¦ްߣ򱳺ȥʱս׺󱳴һֻ޴ӣװ˸ʽһץץһ̧֧һңʱһ֧ڹϡ
һһǼϣ˲侹Ȼͬīһϣڼγķġ

¦ްһ֮䣬ɿңǼʱҶȥϲͣһٴǹϱһ֧Ǳޱߵƣγɷĺ
ת֮䣬Ǿż飬Ҷ
Ҷ§ޱֻֽսһӣһ㽫֧նơƿ֮ϵķȴɢҶһʱһ㸿סҶ㣬ѾҶҪ
СסҡҶ㳤Хһսҫź˲Щİ㱻˸ɾʣµҲͬʱն÷飬ϵķ֮δ仯ɰ֮Ѿ
żױҶȥ¦ްܵɫɱѿ
˵ףȴֲһ֮Ҷ㿴¦ްܣ˵֤㿴
˲䣬ҶޱһͬʧȴѾʹ޶ݷת֮嵽¦ްǰͻȻ޿ռзɳһ¦ްնȥ
ǵޱȣֱ֮նںʵ֮ϣ̶Ħ֮Уصȴٵرָһ֮Ҫֱ͸壬¦ްҲһָͬ
ɱңΣ¦ްܴһ͵ȥһԱȡһ˴ꪣ͵Ҷȥ
սϴҶǿޱȣֻоԷеĴֻֽꪲϻвԣһЦ֮䣬ӵӭȥһն㽫ꪵ
¦ްܺһֱһת֮䣬շתҶͷֱҪһն
ޱֻ¦ްܹҶԵ࿹ȴ§Լȴδд󣬱Ҫ
Ҷ㵭Цţֻ֮սһ٣˴һնֱ۲΢΢³˳
ڵң㹻ɱ
˵ţսһӣ㽫ꪵһת֮䣬սڿл˸¦ްʺĨȥ


213 ׺
һޱȣٶȿ磬¦ްһ֮ƴȥǿ㿪ϵȴն롣
˵ôһ㣬ֻʺҲҪһпˡ
ܣ⵶ôô¦ްܾš
Ϊʥ˴Ҷ㲢׷ֻǻ͡
ʲô¦ްܴһôܣ
ûʲôܵġҶ˵Ϊ¦һֱĬĬţΪȴڶ̶ʱѸ𣬳Ϊǿߣ¦ްܣϸɣӵʥ֮Ὣ˷𣿴ʱãȴֻȨ֮ơպǶ˻Ȩ統ʥһЩүԸһ𣿵ʱһɣֶβǣ
¦ްüͷ΢壬ȻҶⷬ˵ȥ
ޱһЦʱȴ¦ްǸʲôˡ
һսļһֱӸ˵ûãֻʵס˵ĻٶԣҲֻδš
йؼԼúĥĥɡҶ¦ް˰κ󣬲ٿڡ
ĥ¦ްһüǾͲƽԪˣգȾҵʤ˵
˵ţӶꪣҪҶɱ
ڤ粻顣Ҷ΢΢ҡͷȴɿޱޱ֪ȥҶ˫ֳֵǰһ磬ֱȡ¦ްʺ
磬ն裬սҶȥ
սƵ磬޴ޱȣȴëӯ裬һƫն¦ްܡ
˸չȫһһʱΧңݺᡣ
ƴ˸൱ҶȴԽսԽ£սʹԽԽ죬ͬĵһ¦ްۣҲѿһСӡԽսԽģģ֮ǰǿ߻ɱߵ̬ʧͬಫĶ־Ҳĥ
֣սΪһҶ㣬ȻѾԼ֮ϣ

зŭغţĳԼĿ־壬֮Уȴû֮ǰơڣһ㼸ҪҶĵš
Ǽʵսһ±ʿؿҲʱһѪۣɷҰһŭȫǰս˲ָǴ˻֮Ҷ
ҶȻӲӲʱȥһֱڵϣʱ̳мһɢ֮¦ްȴѾӰ
ýƻļһޱܣȴѾӦ¦ްܵϢɺһԭΪǱƼҪƴû뵽ȴƵˡ
ҲߡҶһЦ
Ϊʲôޱʡ
ϾǷڤҶ˵ֲ¦һж⡣֮ǰɱ¦⣬ʱƽԪ֮ɱֻ֮¦ǱֻȺҡҲδΪгưµҰģڽ¦ϳԱʱҽʸ֮ġ
ȷǲޱһͷ治ġ
Ѿ¦ɵ֮ģŴˣ˵ܷԼ¦Ҷ˵ټΪУҪɱҲѡֻҪڱ˲֪֡ƽ죬ѾĲǰ¶棬ȴɱ
ˡޱͷѾˣǱɽ´࣬ҲκβǡǿȥѰ״ɡһڸ
¦ްܻ¾Ϊûѵ״ǡҶ˵ˣƺҲδҵ˿Ҫô״ѾҪôǽǷֻ֮Ҳҵ
Ǽʲôƽû˵𣿡ޱʡ
ߵôæֻΪսõķȴûҶһ̾ˡ
ǧǱһʧѽޱЦˡǷ״ǶǿߵѰңǿҲûҵǡǿأ
Ҳ롣ҶЦˣǲʹ޶ݷѰңֱɽɣԸ״ܷǡ
áޱһͷֻһҲǰ£ҹǸҲ
áҶһͷֹ¦ްܷˣǻطϢ
ԶԶ뿪˵أص¦ްܲפɽ˴ĵطϢһҹڶһ磬˱ѩӰڱӰΧһƬɽѰ
˵ѰʵҲǷٶﴩΪĲԼѰ׺壬ܿˣٳϡ
һѰգһƬɽת˸飬ȴһ񡣵˵١Ȼ¦ްҲҲǣԼҲҲͲϡˡֻҶ㲻֣׺ԼΪβѵĲǶһƬɽС
磬ڸתһȦûκޱ̲ס˵ǲ״Ѿϲˣ
Ǽ깤ҵֲǺͯòûб仯ϲĵҶ˵ֻĲڴ˴ûзֵ֮ء
˵ţͻȻɫȴһ䣬ʱԶȥޱһ˹ȥƬ̼һ۳ֱž߿նȥƲ֮С
˽ޱһǵطѹûˡѵ״ǣ
ȥҶһѩӰѩӰʱǴɱȥ
ſٶȣɰɳۣһһٵӹɽͷ֮ʱһ֮ȴѾϨ
ҶһüΪȴֻһƬ֣ݳɶѣûκӰ
ѵʹ޿ռķ˵ʱôĶֻɢϢҲӦÿԸӦǵڡȴôʲôҲӦ
ţһЦȴǰԶֻ֮ͻȻһϸԿг֣űһȴԳһĿռ䡣ʮǿռ߳Ϊ̬Ѳһͷȴ׺塣
״磡Ҷ͸ϲɫʱѩӰɱǰԼһԾ䵽׺ǰ
ֵܣҶЦţǰһ½Ҷ㱧סݺ˼ơ겻ȴѾ˺үΪڤԪӦܽύԺţȴǰͬء
״絹û䡣ҶЦ˵
׺彫ɿתޱһȭԭһ棬ǲǵҡΪʱ˶ӣ֮Ⱥаˡ
״硣ޱҲѩӰ׺ǰƮȻһ񡣡羭㣬ҶԴ֮ȴ׹
׺岻ЦһˣҲЦŹҶޱ֮Ҳо֮⣬ˣвЩ˷ܡ
״磬ϲٳ߸ͷһڴﵽ˳һҶ׺֣صһ֡ԴˣˮľɽǶɣΪϳһĴɡ
ֵܣﵽ޵ʲô׺ˣȴ̲סϸҲǳǿˣȴôʼտǵǳĸӦ˵Ĺ򲻼򵥰
״ԼӦһ±֪ˡޱһЦϵϢ΢΢ɢһЩ׺ʱɴ۾
һ


214 ¦
ǳޱͷ״һġ
ŮȻǲŮ׺ͷĿг塣ˮľɽ˿ޱҲͶȥĿ⣬ڰ룺ĲŮȴ治˵ģʮ˾ͣȻŽ磬
ʲôŮޱһЦҪ˵ţǻ˵硣
ǲ׺ͷҳʶֵʱֻһδϰȴѾƾĸ֣żʱ䰡ֱ漣
Ҷүһλˮľɽ̲סҪҶ㣬ֲ֪γƺԥһ£ԡүƣ΢΢һЦʣƾ
ԼˣһҶֵܱǡҶһЦ漴ҡͷȴƾ
ţҾ˵˲һЦܽô죿ҶֵԼҲ˵ˣδﵽƾ֣
֪ʲô׺һۣ˼ǫ˵
״磬ȷʵƾȴǡδﵽޱЦ˵ҺүʲôĳƺҲʺ磬ΪոճΪƽԪִƽԪݡҲǴǰݡ
ʲô˶׺循ȵؿҶ㣺үǻҲԵү
ˣ״硣ҶһЦת⡣һϢҪ㡪ǰѾӰŵѾӣɥ֮Ȯһе̷ӣҲȫɱƽӰڣǰӰţԲûһѰ㡣
Ȼ׺ؿҶ㣬˵
ôô죿֮ųһ벻
״磬øлŶԡޱ˵ɹ¦⣬ִ˿ɣɲô򵥡
ʲô׺循ˣתͷһˣ˵ֵܴ˿ɣ
ûü˶һ߲һӦǶҶ㿴ȴȫǾ֮⡣
ʲôֵġޱЦˣƾʱܻ˳ǿߣ󣬶Ըһ¦ͿɣȻڻˡ
׺弸˵ֵҲѾ
ǰޱ˵ˡһæܽء
⡭׺ʱɵۣҶ㲻֪˵ʲôáˮľɽһˣһľ۾Ҷ㣬·ڿһ
ֱ̫׺˰֣ǲ֪˵ʲôźá뿪˵ɡ¦ްѾҷŽ֮ʱ죬ȻѾò˶þͻǳĽ׵ĸ֣ǿǲ𣬻뿪
¡ޱЦ˵¦ްǰҹǱӣ϶ٵˡ
˵ʲô׺循һ
Ѿףһһ֮ԻĽǿߡޱ˵
һѡ׺һλ˵˴֣һ׺ʱһ治ΰ
ǽˣҲûʲôϡ档Ҷ˵ֻҪŬλҲϣΪǿߡ״㣬ʹʲôķȻĽ׵¦ްܶѰ㲻
ˮľɽ֮׺һ˵һԴȡһӡ£ٵҶǰ˷Ϊӡ޹֮֮ܣȴһκ˶ƽⲻˡ޷ֵ޿ռ䡣Ǳһֱռ֮С
ѹ¦ްҲҲǡޱӡ¶Ľı顣ǺöǱдɱ¡
ǿɲɡ׺һЦӡռ֮ʱȴҪǰСʱã⿪֮ʱҲҪǰһȴֻܴһ߳ڣһһ
ԭֻǵ֮ޱЩʧ
ҲȻ׺˵ڴ˵ӡдãֻˮľɽѾãûʹӡ÷Ҳͽʧȴ˵֪ˡ
ޱҡͷϧ
߰ɡҶ˵Ȼ¦ްѾˣ˵رΧǣҲѵֵӰǱߵˣƽǱ߰ǰִ֣״Ҳٵʲôʲô㣿
иطұȥ׺вðˮľɽɫȻ
ôҶʡ
֪Ϊʲôᱻ¦ްΪҪɱң׺ʡ
״ֱ˵ǣȴµõޱһЦ
˵ʵˮľɽһλϺһг˷ŭ԰ɽٵ֮ʱȴ֮ŮûŵϱȻûздȴ˵ǿУڱ԰ɽȣû뵽ȴ֮УЩˣ
£Ҷ㲻һüȻ״δŵϱΪҪ״磿ѵ»ˣ
µ̫ˣ׺صͷŭ𡣡ҪļˣȻΪ˷ɻڴһλӣҪǵӡƭ͸ļԲźǼһң¦ްܾǻİ֣
ӣޱһѵ¦
ƺ֡һλ˵һλʱͷʱУǼ˾˵Žӡ͸ʲô硣
¦ޱһҶ㡣
ôϵã׺һü
ҲҵСҶ˵˱ǫǫӣʵȴҰģӵаıʵȷʵСǸѶԸļһϴҽ֮ʱɱңһˣƺˣû뵽ܵˡ
ϴˣӡӡҲаɣޱʡ
ܡһλҡͷӡȻȴҽ֮
ûһ˵ڵĴ˵ӡƺǹԵķ
ûˡޱɻ˵¦Ӧ˲ǳ
Ҳ˲¡Ҷ˵ȴһԼϵҪôԴһʡֻųĻǻмɵ߷ɾ裬ֻע𴦣û֪ؽı
пܡޱһͷ
һҪ׺һʮֵ֮УɱҶĺֵܣ
ɣҶޱ
һɶѡޱ˵
ڹȥһɣޱӣʱȴ֮ġҪ˵ҶѾ˳ףҲ˳׺ǽ󳬷ǿʵСӣʲôһɣһһɰǰǶŭŪҲһɢ³
״磬ҲҪõĵط롣Ҷ˵ҴҶлԼҸԩҶʱٻ飬Ҷ֮ŮǶǰٰ衣ʱȻŭһȴǺ¡ȢŮˣǻһӢ
׺ЦֵܣҶ˺ֵܣȴһҪ
ּӹҶ֣˵
ã׺оǾ̤ƽţ


215 Ŵ
ƽһɷ֮У͸һϢ
ڳǶ֮أһƬ¥ʯԺǽ֮Ĵϸһң顰š֡ƽǳشˡɴ˿ɼƽ֮λ
ʱ´֮ڣһ־ʮ˾ۼ˴˴˽̸š
λǵò˰ɣŵһɫϣԱӣһһλʮ˾꣬ݽɫŮӣŮһ϶֮ǫǫӣȴ͸֮ɫȻǷڤӣ¦
ʱ¦Ŀɨˣϲ֮ɫز¶ȴһ˿΢Ц
·֮Уһ˼Ϊۣʱȴ˰㽻̸ݡϱ֮λʱĿҲʱǫ
ˣȻŵս۹ء϶ߣĶսʱսȣȻǾ˾
£һλеȵˣһƽҶڴˣһϳݡΪ񣬲ڻаŽǿߡ
Ϊ齣裬ȴŽŵս۹ȴĪ֮ձս۹УǰȥɱҶ㣬ʱս۹һĬĬԲֻǿս۹أƺΩհ
һһϣҲһλҶˣѾֱ˪֮һ
ˣʵȣһΪƾǿߣԪȴһݴСɵš
ʱظʣһ˵֮㽥ƽϢȴǻţû˳
ô齣裬΢Цʡ
¸ʵˡ齣迴ս۹أ΢΢һЦս֣ô
ˣڹˣͻȻҪֻ²Ӧս۹ػԡ
ҵͬ⡣ͻȻڡ˵ǽˣȴҲڰɣڴСҪͲ˵ҪΪ˲ġԸǺΪһһöȾɵȴǼ鷳ˣȫȫȡøͻơҵ˵ˣѡߣʥ֮ǿǱʲôҪرͶ֮⣬ҲֻеõƮϽ𵤣˽ʥĻˡ
ôһ˵˱һͷȻԴѾġ
⻰٣ͷλҾǵ˵Яҵÿʥ֮򣬶
ʲô˲ɶأŸоԼȴصʵǳ
Ҳֻͣվ΢΢ɢһϢ֮˸Ӧ֮޲̾ǳ
һʱ֮˲ͷ󶯣Ƭ̼䣬ʮվ˵Ը£ǺԸ£˳Ը£
¦˵ֻЩ̬߻ͷĿͰ֮⡣
ս˼أս۹أ΢ЦʡнһһɣҪúܰ
ս۹شأƬֽ̺Ŀ¦Ϊӡ
ͼսչߵ˵˵ףҪǼ볯͢Ϊ٣ǰһХӽֻһöȾ𣬻˺õᣬǺ£ʲôõ˹ͨʥĻᣬʵ֮£ʲô֣ܵһУǵһ֣»ɱţ
ս۹ĬκȴڻͷҲգ¼Ȼ˰ţұѲŰȴ̫
˵ţ¦һ֣Ը¡
ôŽҲԸ¡齣״æһ֡
ҵҲԸڵ£Ǽˣʱ׷վ̬ȴκһűʾԡ
ã¦ЦһͷλӢۣ¦ܵøλʵҡλģλһöȣȫ𣬶ֻҪλȫңʥͨĻᣬܽٸλͷϡ
ãһʱһ
ʱս۹ȴһâͻȻŴһǴһ󱲣ҳ
˵ţһʱһ֮Ӱϸ֣һջһֻ֣֮ץ˹ȥ
û뵽˻Ķࡣ
һʵ֮һͻȻΪ߽һӣһץбʱһֻצֱӽǳץУһ顣ԼҲȥ
Ҷ㣡սˣɾһ
Ҷ㣡齣ͶҲͬʱ
׺壿ȴҶߵ׺壬ͬʱ
λþòˡҶżˣһЦ
ˣû뵽ܻŻصǰɣ׺Ŀг˷ŭȫսֲѡ
¡¦һЦ䣬һ׺壬ְĿƵҶϡҶ㣬δ갡û뵽ǾȻˡ
ƣɣһҵҶ㿴¦֪ʥ֪һΪ֮󣬻кθأ
ƣ¦Ц浱ɵ𣿽ҽãʵȴѺô㣬ʿҶ֮ˣ
˵ôҶһЦҲϽƹҪһʥϹ̻λʹڤѡ㣬Ұģֻųư¡
Σ¦΢΢ҡͷȴҶߵޱ̾һޱҶ㣬ȴעաڼʹͷҲѾˣѾȴٲϲˡ
˵ţһУʱԵӭ˹ȥߣ佫Լס
޳ܼˣˮľɽһλϼ״ɴ˻Լٻֱ˵ǣѵ㲻Ȣˣȴڱ԰ɽӹᣬǣҪӡʵǸɱ
סڣزȻŭİ𡣡ǸʲôҵͥŮȡ
˵֮䣬͵ڿһץץһŻǰһǻʱߣڿмߣֱǳϲȥ
ǻ߽ӽϣ׺ѾһӡһڿлһӰһ½߶СӰҲ֮һʧ
׺壬ɾһôܣ㡭㾹Ȼˣ
׺ЦһȴøлǼŮŶԡվۼֵΪڴ󱯴ŭ֮ͻƼޣҪֻЩֵܵ
׺壬ɴ˸£ֵ¦¾ң
¡¦һЦһս绹ȵĳʲô㸸ҲѾ
Ŀ䣬ס׺塣׺壬ϷҲѾȲѷɫҵĵ£Լɣɵţʱڴ˴ѾһˣͬˣõãʡϷպȥѰɱ
˵ţӿҪ֡


216 ƻ
¦ȴͻȻڡ
¡ת¦׺ҵʵ
ʵеǻᡣ¦˵λڴ۹ı£ҶȴˮľɽɱȻΪ˽ҲҪƻǵĺ¡ǲ˳ȥֻҪҸǰŪǷǡҪԸģȴ׺壬Ҷ㡣
˵òս۹˸𡣡ҶȴҵȴУȻɱٶԸ˲٣
˵֮䣬һ̧ʱкۻӰ֣һ⣬Ҷȥ
ҿһҷǷֻ˶ѡ
ڿУͻȻٵһתݻһֻ֡ɹâɣâ·ʵһ㣬ڿճȭͷͻȻҶȥ
ȭͷӿ֮ʣ֮ͬչ⣬ַ·棬ΧĿһʱڣʹΧľҲŤշ֮ʣ𺣰ΧҶһ˽Ͻ߾Ȼܲס׷˿
ս۹أɳĮ֮ʵһͬƺҶҲɣʵΪסңҶ㵭ȻЦǾȭһץħ֮צճ֣һ½ȭͷץס֮䣬ΧȥһԪʱֽԶȥȴѾȼ
ЩƾҲܲסæֵͬʱ˿
Ҷһˮľɽˣȴһ֮ţֻǸ֮ܵȴûκβʡ
ħ֮צץռ䣬ǳȭ㷢һ˾ŵ죬һѺھȭӿһ£ȭȴħ֮צֱץ飬ɢħ֮צץУȴɽħ֮צ
ôôǿս۹زȻ
ɳĮ֮ҶʱҶ㲻ǸƾʿǱӣЩɥʱʱжãҶôǿֵز
̲סȫȥӦɺȻף
ףҲɾһǰˣ˾Ȼǿǿߡ
սҲǳףҶ㾹Ȼ൱һλ̲סȻһ˵ѵֲ֮Ϊ
ʲôһ΢΢˵֮йأѾΪƽԪԭݣ
Ҳ˵ˡһͷ֮ǰһΪɱ¦⣬ڿԼɵģӰ֮£Ҳӻ˿ɣ
Ҷ㾹Ȼ
˲ɾ̾¦вҡ
һǵ㡣ҶĿһɨ齣裬ʱĿϡ齣費ɴ˸£ʱս۹ؿ
㲻ϷǿϧˡҶҡͷһ̾ݼޱȣȴԪ˶ƭˡҲһλˣȴû뵽㾹ȻŽŵĴ̿͡ɺޡ
㡭齣趢Ҷ㣬ֶʣܸܲңôһнһģ
ܷңʹʲôܽڻУҶʡ
úϻսǲ֪ߵغһλеڣҵ½ټǣѵһҶ㣿
緢Ҷ㿴ԼĿⲻƣ֪ҶزŹԼʱŴλҶʵҲս൱սһ˵סٵס׺壬һӵһ֣ܽʣµ˶ɱɾʱһϹҶ㣬ɣ
ˣʱӦ
ɣޱŶҡͷһЦ˵õǲȷʵ˱ɣȴǡھһ¡
ͻȻ֮䣬½Ըһ±ȫһĹˣһ˲Ŀʱҫ۵Ľλۡ
Ҳ⣬۾һУʱӦһΣϢ֮УҪֵ֮
ʱޱѾһ⣬ٿȻǰһ̧֮䣬һֱӴ˶š
ֵصɴ۾ͷԼؿڣԺһ룬ǰһڡ
ʬ嵹£ɽ֮ޱѾһѽŵһһ³䣬еľۺϷҲУٿȻƶҶߣ⣬ָԭò
ʱʬˤڵϡ
磬⽣䳤ϵķ档ޱһݸҶ㡣Ȼ˪ɷۺϷˡҶ˹ɡ
ˡҶ΢΢һЦӹһףΪȴӷҪһԣһһ
ȴ˲ʧڿУ߲ɨӣѰҷӰȴо֪Ҷӵ˲õĿռ䷨õѾǵӦ֡
ͬʱҲֵطһ¡ǾҶһߣֻλǿߣ
ޱһлɱƾǿߣһ㻹ֵĻᶼûУΪǽʹйܵӰ죬Ϊޱ֮ʵѾԶԶҲ˵ޱǳǿߣ
ˣʹս۹صסҶ㣬صס׺壬ȴһλǿޱԴ˺ɨˡʱʤ븺һĿȻ
һšɫ䣬г˾֡
λҶĿˣ״ǰֻҪΪˮľɽһ¦߱ҵλ޹ڣȴش֣ಫλ˭¦Ϊ飬ҶĳҲɱһǲˮ֮ģôԱ㣬Ҷĳǿ
һ˲˼תȥǷ֮أɾɶ⣬ŽߣֱӶ·ӡ
Ҷ㲢δɱȥ˼˲֮
֮£ǿԽʯ¦ȴͻȻڡ˭Ͷң˭ǼӦһ۱֪ĴߣұĴ֮ٻƭߣȴؽʬϣ
⻰һڣһϢɢܵޱ΢΢˵ĽŲȴͣ
һ治Ҷ㣬һ棬ȴҲ¦ì
ðҶȴ˲Ͳ͸ǵλһϷ֤֮ǷǹҲǺ¡ֻ˵ԶЩȻ˵ǲˡ
˲˿ĺˣ䲻뿪Ҳûְ¦˼
һʱ䣬ս۹زɫ齣Ǿֵ㡣
˿ԹۣǼȴӲҶ׺ָҪȴǲ֣ܲҶս۹ؾгޣս۹֪ҶҲŹԼ
齣ˡ
ƴˣս۹ͻȻһȫ֮䣬̧һץ仯һҲʱݻһױȴʹȫҾͲţһոս׵СܶùϷ򣡡
شһҲ˹˫һ֮䣬ƣһԾ֣ϸһֻ󴸣һײʱ𵴲
ƴ¦ʱͻȻЦƴսޱ㽻ˣԸ׺áҶ㡭
һЦɱ̽ȡһף


217 Ӱ֮
ͻ˵󻰣ޱһ¦֮ǰ֮ʱǰɱΣ˱Ҷˡ㻹˵ִ󻰣
Ҷ㣬ϴشȴҲĻᡣ¦ȴޱֻҶ㡣վοԵõֱӽأ
ԭҲѾǳҶһͷʥ֮ӽǿϲɺ֮£ϧǽ֮㣬ȴʥϺ֮ˡ
ȴҶĴң¦Цһ糱ĿҲñɿ֣ǰȥ̤ڵϣһִоĽŲ
һߵϢɢӦϢһš鲻Խ¦ͷȥ·ݼϵһ㣬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮
ҪǰڳݵĸоҶһЦֻϧЩ˲ǽˣҲǳô
һﲻ򵥡׺ҶߵȻϢϸоȴһǳһףȴһּצһĸоƺֶΣ
л״ѡҶ㵭ЦĿⲻ¦ҡ
һ죬һڳ֮ϣɰǧĴ󳼣ݵҽ¡¦ĿҶ㣬ᶨ
һղ١Ҷ㵭ȻΪһ죬ͱշڤȨ
ôȥɣ¦ͻȻ¶˳ɱЦݣ̧һöָָ΢΢ʡ
˲䣬·ǧһе˲סһɹɵŤ¦ߣʿͨڴˣҲЩƶ仯Ƿ·һߡһһ󽭴ӣڱתϢ
Žָָָֻ֣Ҷ㣬ǽָϱʱһӿڿпٵۡ仯ţգ֮䣬۳һɫΡη·ֻһӰӣģûоӣȫֻһɫֲϸڣӰȴɿһλŮӡ
ҶĿⲻһ䡣
ΪѾӰϸӦһϤϢʥ֮
Ȼʥ֮ɾ̬ʹã
ҶԾС
Ӱڿвϱ仯ȴԽԽγһ壬ǲϸ٣Է·һӰӡ
ٿȻ䣬ӰӵǱø·γһɫףţӰշת֮ѾҶǰ
Ӱƶ·ҶٵһָһɴʥޱȵϢҶüĵȥ
˿Ҷһħӿ䣬Զ
ǵһָҶɫޱȣ̧͵ǰһץʱɫħٵڿлûۣγ˾޴ħ֮ףſһҧסӰָ
뵲סʥ֮Ҷ㣬ʵ̫Դˣ¦Цһδ֮ʣӰͻȻֱǰһƣȴֱشħУһ첲ȫûС
漴Ӱ㻺˿ͣ΢΢Ĳĸ첲ħĿлؽԽתԽ죬ԽתԽǿ
һʥϢʣħͷ­֮Уħ룬ȴȫԽ֮ƣʹħ֮׵һѺۣʱħڲͷ­ӣڣǾ޴ͷǵһȫѣӰֱ۴ѳ
Ҷͷ̾һһȭǰȴһִֻһѪǰֱӰȥӰǻӶȭͷӭײȥײһ֮ʱʱƵӰӾȻ΢΢һΣ
Ƭ֮䣬Ӱ㽫һӣҵָߣϷз·һҪ򿪣й¶һâϡ
ǹѸٵںϽ֮Уһ̧֣ſƽӭһĨâǹâУ㲻סת仯γһöٲ·۳һˮ
ȴ͵һģʱˮ飬мڿҷţѸٵһӨĳ
ϣ΢⸡ϵػûɽ壬ӡ
һץǳУʱʥһǰңָҶ㣬ٿȻȥ
Ҷɫأħ֮תȫ£ӭǳһǰ̤һȭȥ
ƣ
Ӱ֮Уһ߶ײ򳤽δȴ֮棬Ǵǰʱɢɢȥ֮ȴ˿δ赲
ƣϷơƣ
Ҷһٴȭ׻䣬ֱҷ硢ˮ֮ڶεײڳ֮ϡȭһ𣬾Ҳֻͷôһ㣬漴ʱƿ
һӨʥϢֱҶŶȥ
Ҷ㣬ǿţҲвʥ֮¦Цǵ⣬ǫǫӵȻ޴档
һֱҶĽ·磬һʥ˴սȻδȫ۳ΣͱҶȥʱڿ˼֮սʤ⣬ȴɵ˷ܣ
ڴʱҶйâһһץ㽫տԨʯеսȡ˳ս֣ǿʱڱߣħսսħ϶ΪһγһǿޱȵҶ㵥ֻӶ󵶣ǰһ
Өڴ󵶵֮ϣʱһ죬Ҷ΢΢һΣȴԭվȣ֮ǰҵĳҲͣսס
ս¦ҧгݵصǵӿޱŭ⡣
óսѾ֮ǰͬȴǰӵ˸ǿΪ֮գΪǵʥģȴҶ֣֮ı
Ҷ㣬ҽձɱ㣬ҵıţ͸ĹâϵĽָҲĹ⣬Ӱʱ㶯籩һҶȥսϡ
಻ϵײҶŲģҡΣȴǻȥ
ɱҶ㣡ʱս۹شһҪǰ
վסһȴǷ¦֮ڡضأʵΪɱΪҲĶ֣
£ֻǡĿظоȫȴ̲סͣ˽Ų
սκ˲֣¦һ˭ҵңұ㽫ҽʬ
һ̬ȴҲչֳԼʵš
ʱӰеĳ߸ȴ˴̻֮Ϊն֮ȫڷ棬У̻ȴǽǿһѾӨ֮նȴڴ󵶣һڿ䣬ʮնս֮ϣնҶ㲽ˣ
Ҷ㣬ɣ¦Ц֮䣬ӰͻȻ߸߾ǽ˲ѣըӨ㣬㲻ɢȴڿ۳һ޴УӰֱ۶Ҷȥ
ǿˣҶɵľ޴Уȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ڴã㷢ȴû뵽ȴˡʵʧ
̾ϢͻȻһҫ۹â


218 ʥ֮
Բѣ¦һһ֮£㻹ʲô˵
ῪڣҶЦˣҲѾףˣ˲ָ˵Ƿˣ
˵֮䣬˫Ѿסս뵶ȫΪһ塣
档ɣҶ㡣¦Цš
ҿ˭ҪҶк˫ֻսʱһεâǵâֱӹ޴Ĺ㽣У˲Щͷ·˿өһ㣬ʱɢȥǿһУȴʹ˻ҷ
ܣ¦㵵شһ㡭ѵѾսȫ壿
ҶӦ¦£ȴ˵㣬㱳Զ֣Ҳҷֺ
¦һȴк˸һָ֮䣬ӰǿսһΧЩɢĹʱ˻۳˾ӨĽ
õսȫ壬ҲҵĶ֣¦ţɣ
Ӱ΢΢һʱһٴҶ㣬еľӨҡڲ˿δҶħ֮˸ȴ˶Է·սһᣬ㽫ǳס
ˡҶһЦһӰ֮ҲĽ׵ĳ̶ȡĽǿ಻£ѵ
ʲô¦һ
˼ʣҶȴѾսһƣӰƿһת֮䣬Ӱնȥ
ӰӦѸ٣ʱһתֱӸ񵲣ڵϽһһԾڿչҶٵشȥ
ҶյػһһߵĴʹȴһƬëһ㣬ޱȵؽ񵲣Ӱ̳ʮˮ©ȫͻȻѰӰһһ̶ֱӰ硣
Ӱʱһ˳ȥȴɵؽһת˫һţҶ
ǾӨȴ·ǻһ׹⣬Ҷ㵱
ƣҶһսǰֱȥȻһ׹зֿ̤أ͵طǰһ׹ʿ˲Ӱǰ͵һײ
ħ֮˳żйȴ˺ħһײ֮ǿޱȣһ±㽫Ӱײм󷽡
¦ɫò԰ֽճȭ亹
ɱɱɱһɱ֣ǿΪԼװһּ䣬ָϽָҫâӰʱָӨҶٴδȥ
ҵĶ֣οݣҶ΢΢ҡͷȴʹսһָһʱһɳһ½ӰСҵз𣬽ӰΧ
ʱɳȴٲͬաǴҶϽ𵤣ʥд֣ȴضϣԼɳ֮Уɳ˼ȼ
ʱһӰʱϹ裬ȴǵҲסɳĥм׷ɡ
ҪˣҵɣҶ㳤Хһ͵ſһաʱɳȫ汩ҵһ㽫ӰΧӰȻӽֵУȴһƬһƬգ˽ֱҲ£޵ֵ֮һĽ㱻ɳʬм
ЩмʱͱɳɣҪ֮ǰʥһ㣬֮׳Լ
ˣ¦ӦӰ𣬲ɱŭһʱͨ죬ٲ˾Ҷ㣬ҷѾʥŽһʥ˲Ϣʵ壬ȴôˣˣֱˣҶ㣬ҽƲ
ΣҶҡͷ΢Цһ֣ɳ˻ɻƶС֮С
Ŀ¦浭ȻЦȴɽ˼Ӱֽ֣֮ȻɣһҪҵɳסΪá¦˵ʥ˲ѵϻʥ֮ɲã
ͻȻ䣬йâһ
ʥ˲
ۼϣʥ˭
ǲʥǲԼӤ֮ʱͽӴ䷨Ĵ
ǲǷħʹĴߣ
һӰȴԾŮ״ѵʥ֮ǰʹþӡħ֮ʱ
뵽Ҷ㲻սǻƶСɳԼ֮ҲУӦǻΪмӰ
ԽϸӦԽޱȣԼĳӦɲǼ䣬ֻԭҰħ֮УͻȻһħ磬ħ֮У˳Լƴɳ֮С
Ӱмʱֹͣʵɳ֮ƮšҲ˲ǷֺҲٲභ
Ҷ㲻дϲͬʱȴҲһĸоֻңԶһԼԼʲôȴ˵
Ƚǰ֮£ٵȥ
սһңңָס¦ҶĿ䣺¦ȷһ˱ɣңȴ㣡
ƴɣս۹һ˿⣬̲סԻԼĿ־塣ٲƴһоͶˣ
У߾űȣֱҶȥһҧǾ˫ɱҶ㡣ݸɵšȴˣ±ҶΪԼҪǰˡ
ƽԪ̫ˣ˴ʱϵߵһӵϣҲֻ촦֮֡
ǰԷͷǧΪжԸ˼
¦Ҷ㣬ٿָϽָȴһţа룺֪ҶұӦټӼƴ²ָܻҲҪʥ֮ȫ淢Ǿȫǣ񡭡֮ƣȴֻˣ
뵽˴ĿһȴʱȥҪӴŴߡ
磡ʱȴһ˹סĸ첲ʣҪ𣿡
ѵ¦дŭ𣬡ҪңҾȲ
ҰɣȻ׺ɱҵģţȴһҲԼ׵ҺһԶ߸߷ɣ㵽ĺǣź㣡
¦͸֮ɫʲôΪҪΣҲ̰ͼһڹžеʥ֮Žӽ㣬£ţΪֻʱ価ǹһӰţǹž˵ûˣһҪ׸
Уһ½Ƶһԡ
ʱս۹Ѿһ嵽Ҷǰ֮ӰҶ˹ȥ
ҶĿȴϣƿ¦
ӣûôף
һУҶٿȻ֣սһҫ۵ĺâ˲ƿӰţҶʧս۹ؾ֮ʣȴս۹࣬һ֮䣬ŴĨ
ս۹ؿһǰļ˵ڵء
Ѫ˳ǰע۾ɵԽԽȴʧȥ˹ʡ
ҪϹҶأʱȴŵɫԭأ˫ֲòסһԴ󴸡
Ҷһǰʹ޶ݷתѾ嵽¦ǰһ̤սбָ¦
Ӳˡ


219 
սĵ˸ʥĹâǹâ֮ȴϢ
¦ǵ亹졣ҧߺޣʡ
Ǳʥ˴͸ĵȴҪ
ڴʱһӰͻȻײһȴ˳ӰһҶ㼲Ӷ֮䣬һڤ֮֮Ҷݺݴ
΢һü䣬Ҷһս𣬵һֱһӣһ½â𣬽ڤ֮ȫ
¦ȴݣô˻ᣬʱ̤һɳ۶ȥȴײƵĴֱ˳ȥ
ҶսҪ׷ȥʱȴֵסȥ·һһУ˵󣬷·֮ҪһÿҶһ㡣
Ҷһսֻһ㽫ǵ֮ƻһʱڤ֮ɢһжʧ١
ȴ٣һ̧֮䣬һֻСзڶתۼͻһֻӣҶֱ˹ȥ
Ҷ㲢ӭһȭ˳ȥϵѪħֱײϣȴײ÷ɶײɳ⡣
ʱȴٲȡκжֻǵһǰעҶ㡣һߴϣ˿ףֻܿĿᶨ˫ۡ
㡣Ҷ㿴¦ߵ߿ͣü
ҡ߿ͻͷƽԪ뿴ҼҵĽϣ¦һ
ֵ֪ˡҶ㿴ϴϽʥΪľǾ¦ͬʱɣҿǹһƬ⣬ȴ¦һȥƭ֣
ɼ߿̾˿͡ҼҵҲҡϾҲǷһ֮¦߰ҵȫмӡ
㵹̹ϡҶһЦ
ƽԪǰα߿͵ͷȴָȻ֪Ҷпαı¡
߰ɡҶ㽫ս¡һһ顣
ƽԪҪɱңԹ߿˵Ƿµѻ塣
㲢ԩΪɱ㣿ҶҡͷֻˣΣȻδңδˣұ㲻ɱ㡣ȥɡ
лƽԪ߿Ȼκ֣رȭһ񡣡ƽԪ£¦֮УһҪ
޷Ҷһͷ
һܵɣر˶߿һȭһ֣ʱһֻССһӣʱʧҶȴǸӦӷӳ޿ռ֮˴˵ء
ʱ֮ѻȸ˶սսҶ㣬ҲҴһ
֮ǰ˵λ޹ءҶ㻷ˣڡλֻҪڴ˷ģ¦ᣬ볯͢ΪУҽкӲǲұԷߡҽѣҲɵ
㿴ҿ㣬ҳʱһӴȾң˳ڴ˷ġ¦ᣬƽԪƽԪ֮ĪҲӣ
ҷģҷģ
һͷžַģҶĿɨˣȴͷһͻȻ䶼סڲԡ
Ҷ㻺ս׼һˣ˵ڲģҪƭңʵǸ
ҡңŵüæ֣¾˵ңͬŷģ¦ᣬƽԪ
ҶɫһսǰȥֱʺӦ
ңң˵˫Ȳȴ·һģҶйâ΢΢һЦջս
ȴġһͷתˣǵһ㣬˵ҪҵĺȴֻӦҡٸһλᣬǿڲģұ㲻񷽲ㆪ£ֻһȥͷأ
ϣ˲ѣһѵؾ֣·ġ
һΣҶȴδһαߣǻͷǿˣҪǵýԡ˭ˣѵʱ䵽ͷϡ
һɴһ㣬Ҵҵⱼȥ
ҲߣͻȻ䣬ҶһһǰĿҶ㣬ɫʣôҵģ
ޱˣȴûϵɾ֡ҶȴЦһսһ䣬˵ƤȴֳƬڵϡ
ȴԭһƤߡ
ߵ֮ʱ¶һòƽƽޱȴ۾һŽŵĴ̿ͣɶļһ
ܷһ齣裬ʱսȫġҲܺս۹֮УšŻֵġ
ңúηܽڻɱˣҶʡ
ϴµһش齣һ߲һ˵ҼҲʧ˼˵طլµر޴
ʲôҶʡ˵֮䣬ȴͻȻһһҴҶȥӰҡһ£ʹתָ
ˣȴս۹֮սʱȻȺߣȴҶ㷢֡
δ˵ֱ֣ˤڵأѪԾ˼ˣŵɫæԸٶߡ
齣辪ֵ̽뻳ȡһС򿪺ȴȫǻ滭Ӧ֮ȡһ֧˫ŵݸҶ㣬ֺõ˵Ҽ洫ķֻҪطԳ㽫ʵɻͼֿɰԼ⣬ڶõ֮ͻȻĿɱ
ԭˡҶһͷطڣ
Ҳ齣ҶǰѣæԻȡһرݸҶ㡣
Ҷ˹ҲϻңʱرȼƬ̼ͽ֮ճ˻ҽ
齣۵ؽһ̾һͷȥ
Ϊˣޱȵʡ
ҲǻҶ˵ţս֮ʣ֮նϣһأ˷
齣۵üҪ޳ȴǿס
ҪѹˡҶһЦ֮Լһѵֵ𣿡
˵齣辪ȵؿҶ㣬촽ɲ㲻ɱң
߰ɡҶһ֡
ߣ齣Բš
磬ǲһ㺦˰ޱҲʮֲ⡣
ҵδʲô¡Ҷ˵ɱңȴս۹ص꣬Ҳԭ¡ңһֻǹ񹤣ɱˣ˼¾Ҫʧȴ档˵뷨֮ʱ٣ʧⷨȷʵѾ޷ʩչһ·ҲˡսҸȴͬΪңȻԪӦˣѹ֮ɱ֮
˵ţĿⶢס齣裬ʣʲô֣
齣裡齣֪Լϣɼ˵
ҼˡҶͷȥɢŽţ⻭Ϊȴٲ⺦ˣ֪
ǡǣ齣輱æͷ
ȥɡҶһ֣齣ʱɱȥٳʱͷһƽԪģ½Ȼϴĸ棬ٲΪˣ
Ǳ£û뷨ΪҲѡޱıӰΪм
˵ʱ˰ɣ׺ʱס¦ƵһԣԱǰȥ


220 ˪
׺壬ʲôؾһŮǰ
ȴһͻȻȦһ죬׺׸磬Ҵˣһʱ¦ƭġ׸磬ԭҺòãʵǰģֻΪ룬ŲòԼ¦Ҳ¦⣬ûС
סڣ׺һҵϹۣôͻŵɣôͻ㵱ɺŮӿ㹴¦ˮľɽʮֵܣҽһҪ
ˮľɽʲô˲õڣ
ڴʱһͳ𣬽ţһλʮ߻롣һ°׳뼰ɷǣһͷǷӡ
Ŀɨڳˣ˸ܵһ˵ѹˮľɽһ鲻Խÿһ·ǰȥ
ʲôˣޱȴǳǿߣжǿȴٿʱһǰסȥ·
ޱ¼ĲŮϷϵáĿޱͷ˵λ꣬ƽԪҶˣ
һ˵һҶ㡣
ǡҶһ֣֪ǰγƺ
Ϸ˪ڣߺһͣ˪ĴˣټһɷֱϷǰȴˣ
˵֮䣬͵ر漴Ŀһɨȴ˶ʬ壬ɲȻŭҶ㣡ȻҲɱˣ
ɱġޱ˵˪λϣ뻳¦ǹᣬͶ͢ΪӥΪȮƷ䳤ϣѵɱ
ΪӥΪȮĿ磬أƺ¥¥ŮҲ˳͢ˣͽҪ޸ǰλүʲô
ǷڤӢۣԿԪӦ߾ƽʹչ˰ӡޱ´ʡ¦ʲôΪһ˽ԪӦˣҷڤգһֻͼŻȨ֣Ͷ˱ΪŰ˵֮
һ졣ЦԳǿ˵˲һ㣬ҶΪЩǲǣǼʼ塣¦ȴдػĪ˵µĳϣϷлᣬҲҪΪѣ
ҲԷ䣬ȺһȴͬȺֱСоޱϡ޲Ļ壬һȴǶ˽ŵʵһ͢׸ƵСū࣡
Żƺ¥ޱǸŮһ䣬ɭϷ˵ȴ˵㡣µĵ˭ȭͷ˭˵öԣȻҲﵽ˳ͱ˵Ϸⳤ۸㣡
˵֮䣬ȫһɱ֮ӿ𣬽µĴؾȻٵس˪⡣һ̧֣һ亮ޱֱȥ
ôӣҶһֱԹۣʱһٿȻѾ̧һƻʱҲһӿײڷųĺײڵĺʱɢҶĺȴԼųڡ
ڴʧɫִƣƳǿҶĹƻ⡣㵵Ҷ㣬ȴԼȻ֡
סҶ㿴ڣͷѾȹ̣ʱ̤۷徳Ŀܡϧĳ̶ȲҵĶ֡
Ľ׵һĶӣʲôޱЦ
ʲôɫһ䡣
ˣݵĵϴɱķ¦ްôֹޱʡ
ڵɫ˼䣬Ŀ⼯ҶϣȥȴֻԷϢڳסͻȻע⵽Ҷſڼͷսȴ͵һֻоصһɳϢļµȴȵѹԼϢ
ȴʲôȻöսĽ׵ʧˣʧˣΪһײȹ˾磬ʥйԴɱķɨԭЩηǿУһɽôǿ֣ǻ
˼תʬ壬ͻȻҶЦ϶ƽԪĴԣǵҥǲƽԪǿ
˵һ֣˪ϯ䣬ѾͶƽԪ£˵ȴһˡ
㷽Żɱȴϵʲôޱһü
̰ˡҶ΢΢һЦͬ˵ͻʵСˡ
ɫһͻȻһһĻһӡӡΧˮ·˴󽭴ӡȥȴһƣһӡޱɲǼ䣬ӡըޱˮˣһ½ޱ
Ҷһˮ˷˺ޱѾһսһâˮƿֽӹޱֱʹ޶ݷޱһӹڣǰ
ɣ׺ߣüߡӱӣֵҲδػ׷㣬ȴ֮ǰĹޱסֵܣȴˣ
ŵüæסŲɫ԰ֽҧ𣺡Ҷ㣬˱Ƽˣ
ʱȴĿͻȻһ׺壬ȴԭҶϾ֮ʻɱ׺塣
ͬǳţ˭˭׺Цһӭȥ
ȥ״硣ޱ֪ҶʵԸȴǺ׺Ǳ߶ȥ
һתޱ֣Ҷȣÿͨŵ·֣ҶѾ͸˼һЦ䣬һб˹ȥ
ڹֽһŵüæԾһԣǿһâȴޱԶˡ
СˣѹĴϣ˻Ͷ¦ǡҶ俪ڡ˪Ҳͻ˰ɡ
˪ĴϣɱԲ˵ʵ䣬֮ʱҲǴͶ¦ǣȴǶڰռȫںΪ󻯣֮¡ȴˣҶ㣬һ;
ɴ˿ɼ˪ԭķ㲻áҶ֮ǰȻûˣҲԴ⣬ֻҲòȥ
һȻˡ˱ǻոϮޱҶǲ
Ҷ㣬㵱㲻ɣ׺ݹâҧҧӿţΪһĺֳһףʵα
ɽҰ꣬޳֮սҵùɱңȴҲ죡ţ͵̤ǰ˫ϴŲĺҶȥδǺѾǵضҶȫΧ
һϮȴҪȽҶⶳ
ȺҶһЦսڼϣʹãֻǽ֮ϣ̧ŵһ̤
˲һֻ˪ɣȻ䣬ݺݵ̤ǰҶˮ֮ϣ޴һ±㽫뺣̤飬ˮɢΧ
ۼҶһűԼ似ŵû겻壬Ҳ룬תȥ
ҶкһǰһȭڴȥһѪײڱǺصıһȫѣҽһļ˵ڵأվתͷҶ㣬ſ˵Щʲôȴ쵹ڵϡ
ѪԿڱȥ첻˵ţҶ㣬һرر
˵˴̣ͣסȴˡ
ʵҶɱҲôףΪ࣬㣬类Ҷ˵ֻһߣȴԼ
Ҷʬ壬סؿڵλá
ر


221 ĸ
趯˫ƴɱԼԵλ֣һλѾȹߡ
ޱұǣ׺嶷ȤһӲǽޱһԣԼȭӭص˫
ޱһЦȴʱȻ˸Լ׺ؼ֮ʣҪȥһüҪȴˮľɽһѾֶΧ˹סȥ·δٶ
ŮԼϣȴֻһ֮Ǹ
̲סͶȥĵĿ⡣
ȭ꣬ص˫Ȼͣٶȴι׺׶˹ȥ˫ͨ죬н˵ޣ˫Ϸ֮Ƶ׺岻ܽ
ޱ΢΢ҡͷĵضһָһʱ˹ȥΪһС͸һţؾһӴһңǸʱըǰʱһƬңȴʲôҲˡ
׺ҲûһǰȭϴһʵӰΧռʱһ֮¸֣С׺һһȭȭȴӰΧʹ˿ȭ·˲һȭصؿڣʱһΣ³һѪ
׺ܿ罦Ѫٴһǰȭϣ쵹ȥ˿£ٲˡ
׺ǰȥˣɱҵ֣ҸһᣬԼ˶ϰɣ
ֵؿ׺壬ͻȻһ¹ڵأͷ׸磬ҲԣҲãѾɱҵҰɣ
֮ǰĻҲ˵һ顣׺תͷȥЩ֡ҳɱ㣬ֻʬҲҪȫˣ
һҧ̧֮䣬һΪһ̽ƺҪԼȥͻȻ֮䣬ȴ׹һһ׺С̶ֱȥ
ˣ׺һһƫһһնĲϡһУľǶѣ˵ڵ˼£Ҳˡ
λֵ飬ţ׺𣬡ǵĳѾһ룬ʣһ¦Ǳ⡣ǷģҲʲôӻǻʵۣһһΪǱô˳𣡡
ޱŵһԸŮʬ壬ҡͷһ̰̾ĽȨƵҲΪ˵õ¶ֺˣȴӦáæͷֵõʲôΩһѡ
תҶ㣬ȴڵĻУȡһ㼱æǰȥһ𿴡
Ҷǽȴһ󻨡ǻͷȴǺɫǻɫ֡
ʲôޱȴϵô˻
ҲϵáҶ˵ǰҾ˼ȴرԼҷһ£Ǯ֮Ҳһֻˡ⻨֣˵ر
ǰ֪ޱͻȻ뵽ǧ
ʦ֪ǱáҶһͷִտԨʯռ䣬ǧ乵ͨ󣬽˳
ʲôıǧһҶ㣬漴㿴кڻɵɴ۾
ҵ찡ⲻǵĸ𣿡һ־ͽǻ˹ȥзصͷǵĸģ
ϡҶһָڵʬ塣˵ϻرҷ֮£Ҳֻҵһֻеĸȴкô
кôǧЦˡ˵кô
Ȼǳޱ̲ס˵
ˡǧһͷûдأû˼һСĸ֮дĹйءʲô¶
ʲô¶ޱһ
ȻǾҩϵöۡǧҲ֪Լﲡ̸
˵أޱʡ
˻ǻۣͨԪȴѾֱʹãҪʦ֮ɵĸۺʹáǧšĸ۹ü࣬˵֮ʱ̷ܼٶȣ߼ʱ̷ܼӴɹĸʣ֮ʱ¯һ㣬ܼӿٶȣ߳ɹʣ֮ʱһЩܼӿƻָ֮һ㣬˻˴ؾܵһ㡣
ô棿ޱɾһ
صĸȴǵĸۣ˵յô˻ãûüʦơǧڵʬ壬ͻȻȥ仳ּ䣬ЬҲŹ
ǰǡޱҶ㣬һĲ⡣
鵽ڻô˻ĵصɡҶ˵
ʱ׺Ҳ˹Ҷƾձʮ־ȡޱһ˲Ȼ
״磬ʦҵȥһҶ󷽣ܸоʲôԼ
á׺Ҳʣֻһͷ
Ҷ㻺ȥޱҲ˹ȥһ·˳ŴСһ԰ڣߣȥ
һ·ϣֻһƬңԭŵۼ´һţ֮ռϷ󣬱֪ͷһ˼֮ˣ֪ԼȥֻһɴͳûڲƸԴߡ
ЩͨǱҲЧ£һʱʲôʲôʲôʲôŴС׷ȥʱսᣬȥ¥ա
ɢޱЩɢڵصҡͷһ̾Ҳɼ֮ˡҴţǻƺ¥ǿ˴ѣֻһƴɱĻ˸ģûء
ҶһЦֻǿ²ûнıߡ
ıޱʣʲôô֪ģҪȥ𣿡
ǰ߾͵ˡҶӦޱתһȺһƬɽǰ˳żɽСڶУһСͤԡͤԱһھģʽϣҶ⾮ɢ
ޱҶ㶢ǾȻ
Ҷ㻺ǰȥֻˮɫڣȴʲôҲ
ǾȻر˼ޱ˵̲סҶ㣺ô֪ģ
ӦġҶ˵ҽ¦һӰȴһӦ֪ԭӰʥµʥˣǽұɷħʹʥ
ʲôޱԾС漴һϲǿǴԵ֣磬˼⾮ʥ𣿡
ֻ²ҶҡͷƷħ֮ഫǿҲܹԲɢҲ¡ȴпһʥ֮ڷ֮ǰ䷲䡣
ȥ̣ޱԸ¡ҶȴЦŽס׾̳¦罫̵ˣ
ô죿ޱʡ
ӰӦַܷͨȷλ˵Ҷ˵ţߵС̯ͤġ
ǻƶСɳ


222 ʥ
طſɳʥ֮ӰƬںһҶСĵؿһУڽӰȫںȴ۳Ů̬
ʱž֮бһӰӦҶ󶯣ȫ֮ȴӦǾޱȵͬʱһ̧֣ųħ
ħշ裬ȴԽԽСĴָϸһȴ·һСһ㡣ҶĿ£ħһͶ뵽ǾУ˳ҶĸӦˮȥ
ħǹâʱҶħĸйһҶԭҰ֮Уʱһͼħ۾֮Ҷͼָħһ·¶ȥתľ¡
˴һƬڣħйâȴʲôޱȡҶؿ·Ȼмһ󶴣ͨһƬ͸ĺڰ֮СħǶȥʱȴһɿסħѾʯһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢üӴħײħȻײþڶȴͻƲ赲
ϸ룬Ҷʱħ˳ħһײһƬӰ֮У߲ݡ䣬ħֹ֮γһħ磬˳ִӰ֮УģЩӰһزħϣ㽫·彥ô׳һ㡣
֮ӰȫħϣħҶ֮£һͶ뵽֮У£Ƕڶȥ
Σħȴһ̽Ƕ֮УȻܵ赲ȴڽ룬ѹڴϣϿ鲢ޱ仯ʵѾһڻ棬һ㡣
ҶоԼҪħУͱڴһֱֲҪö೤ʱɣҲ
Ҫϼˡ̾˿
ޱЩȡ
֮ǧ׺һ˸˹׺һ䣺ôֵܵطǸӦϢǿ϶Ҳˡ
žһ˲õĶҶ˵һʱ֮ȴ̵
ȥ̡׺һ˵һȥʱͿ˱ӰħһԭѾȥ
һ赲֮Ҷţ¦Ӱ͸ȴҲֻ룬ֻҪﵢ鼸ˡ
ǵҲûʲô׺˵ػ㡣м±Ƚϼ֡ǶֵôȴѾйٱۼΧǲҽô죿
ޱҵӡѹٱͷ˽нҶһ֣տԨʯռóԼƽԪӡޱ
áޱӡȥ֮󣬱һλǽ̬ȹǰȭһ񣺡ĩμƽԪ
񡣡Ҷһ֣˵оۼݵ֮Ǿ췴ǰ̽齭Ϊɽƭȴйƻ֮ܣҪƭ˹˳ԪӦ˺Ҳ󣬽һҪغı߻ɱ޹ѾߡﻹҪϸ飬֪̽ԪӦ˹ţֹԪӦͼıȴա
ԭˡ켱æͷ¹£ȴ£ʵǲү𷣣
ˡҶһЦǰҲż˵øһ˴˲棬ȴĵ̹£ֻ֪Ҫҡȥɣ²ϱԼþͺáһҪߺ˵
ǷҪɱʡ
ǷˡҶ˰֡ȥɡ
칧һתȥˡ
ǽȫԶ˰εǧżæڣҪôð̾ߣ
ʦҶ˵ˣ֮Ｋ˲ãұõ֡Ҷ˵
ǰôżǷʲôɣޱע⵽ǧץһŲʵ
ǧصͷǲչݸҶ㣬ҶͷһȻһŵͼ
Ѱȫֻҵҩݣ˻Զ϶ǧԺδϧûҵʲôǧ˵ע⵽ĸǸȴԭ˺ͼˡ
û뵽Ҷһͷȴص
˵ͼ֮Ҫ׺˵
ȥɡǧָͼһɫı˵ʣ϶ǻõĸıأ˵ǻҵĵĸ
һɣǾȥҶͷ
ˡǧԭתȦ׺岻ЦˣҪȸǰȥѰ
ɣǧ۾һɣһʵһ˸֣ȫΪˣ
үʵǲǰɣ׺Цֵܵıĺˣֵֻܻ˵Ҳԣˮľɽʵȴࡣ𼱣ǵæǰ˵ɡ
ǧ̾˿Ҳ޷룬ѵͼһɴҶ㽫ԼͽտԨʯ籮ռ֮Уæƴҵȥˡ
Ҷרڴˣħ򾮵Ƕ͸ޱ׺˱㵱Ļһ֮ħŽӰȫͻһ֮붴С
ҶԭҰжסħйٴͼħǶȥħһ·ǰУɹ۵ĶѨˮв¶ȥһһʱԼǰһ󶴡
һӽǶħϵӰʱҶֻ֪ѾʮֽӽǼˡȫ񣬸ӦħӰı仯ħǶѨ߲ݡ
ħϵӰһʱѣһʱƽϢҶͿı仯ħһʯǰתһֹȻǴʯɢһ֮ӰӰ
ôһʯͷ
ҶԥƬ̣ħʯͷ֡
ʯͷ̫ˣħȻץסȴܽⶴѨ˵ͨ۵СˡҶҲΪǼﲻһʯͷ
ʥŮӣһŮߴôһʯͷʲô
ܲʥ֮ʥ˳ߣմȾϢĶΣʯˣҶħ֡
ħһſڣ³һö顣ȻˮУȴ˿Ӱ죬Χˮյ÷ڡ黺ǰʯϣͻȻ䱬ըʯͷ俪һ󶴣ħʱǰצ˺ץ£ʯͷһȡ£¶ڲеһ
徧ӨףһϵȵƳɣʽǹӣȴҶļϹЩơ
һħϵӰҵñ类鴥ˮһطҶȫԿ϶һʥ塣
¦û־еܣûа취ȡֻߣȴûʱ佫֮ȡ
Ҷһţһָħצץסתϵλء
֮ħһӰɵ˽ʱǸڴ赲֮ȴʧħڶصҶߣС
ޱ׺ʱ˹һ塣
ʥ֮׺Сĵʡ
ҶӦϵӰ֮ԼԼڼеʥ֮ȴһ޶
ǰʥҶ˵ͷ


223 ¦ͼ
֮ǰһλʥ˷ʥ򣿡׺̲סʡô֪ģ
׵ġҶͷЦЦû͡壬Ҷӿħ֮еħٴιγ̧֮䣬ħһӰӰħںϣҶ塣
֮УҲҶһħ磬ҲһӰǰ϶ΪһС
һڣбʱȴҲֻǼݣҶû֮ܽסĿܡ
ڴʱտԨʯռȴǧ֮ҶӦռеĶʱԿռ˳
ǰһĸɵĸˡǧһ߲һֻ߰СƿҶ㡣ǺöɲҪ˷ѡ
ǣлʦҶһͷӹƿȴͻȻһһֻ󵹳һ㣬ħϺ󣬴֮С
ͬʱҲħٴδ֮Сʱ֮жԸٶȶȴ˹ɿѭҶϲ֮£æӦʱдĸۣı仯㲻ӡ
СʱҲСƿĸۺееѪҺһѭתһħһֱλе봦֮УʹҶؿ塣
ɲ֮䣬Ӱ˳һֱǰԽԽȴγһӰУһ෴˽
Ҷֽ˽סʱоһɾ·һλĽǸ߽ǿԼһ㡣
һ֮䣬̧ǰһ̣ǽʱն裬һʱΪ֣һʱΪһʱΪȴ仯
÷׺忴ˣͷ
ޱסҶ֣ϲ磬һ÷
ǿ뿪˵ȥѰ˰ɣǧʡ
ȻҶЦˣһӰջ֮СУ뻳СҪȻӰһˡƽôҲûϢһġ
ɡǧ̾˿صտԨʯռ֮Уæȥˡ
ûʲôģһʱշƽԪӰ֮С׺׺ϲ쳣һֱס磬ʶԣ磬ЩӵĶȥˣɵˡ
ȻˣһӭȴһʱӦ׺Ϣ仯ЦǴϲ°Դˣˮľɽɽһһɣϲɺأ
볬ˣ׺һ漴Ҳһľϲ
ΪҲΣ֮򣬲ͻƼޡ׺̾˿й̽һ顣겻ѣ˵Ҷ㾹ȻԶ֮Ľǿ¦ްܺ˲־ϲ
ҶǵľϲѾ㹻࣬µҲδ𶯡
׺ӰȻ׺Ƶһ飬׺ƱӰаӴ񣬶׺ˮľɽֻ֮佨Լͬˣͬͬء
Ҷ˴ѲҪԼ뿪ʱ׺塢׺ƶ˸һöϽ𵤣ָһöȻùϽ𵤣棬ȴʹгɾ͵ĵӣ˵ֿʹжһλǿߡ֪˵󣬵Ҳδл֮飬ֻѾҶ㵱Լˡ
ӰţҶޱһ·УصƽԪݸ֮С
˼ʣڤ۶УȴҶ֮Уһ
ڷڤ֮У¦ɫأϣŲµı棬һʼ΢΢ͷȴֻüͷ塣
үҶѾٳӰˮľɽˣޱ֮⣬ĸȴѲСɫ̾һүҪ¾ˡҶѾٲ֮ǰСɫɳȥ
ҡ¦ͳ˲һæ°ݣ
ȥɡ¦ǻ˻֣ʱһͷ˳
¦ȴǳⲽ
Ҷ㣬벻㲻ôʱ֮ڿٵؽӵпԿ缶ǿֵʵ¦ްܾȻҲĶ֣ɳȥҪвˣҡͷ
֪ˣӦЩ˼ɣɱԳֽɱȴѾǷڤүǱ֣һɱȻãɱ㲻ȴҪдϣȴҪĴҵ㷢չȥȴһǰ취ȴǺã
ʱȴү־á
־𣿡¦Ŀһ룡
Ƭ̼䣬־У¦ǹһ񣺡ү
ʮ㣬¦̲ס´ʱ͸ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽̲סͷܸ̾Ҷ㣬ȷʵǻ£ȫ㡣ճϵ̨֣ϲɺأ
Ҫлү赤ҩ־𹧾һ漴͸һĨɱ⡣˵Ҷȴ˽չȻӰźˮľɽʹԼʵ׳ү䷢չȥֻ´ջвү
ֻǳ׶ѣ̫⡣¦΢΢һЦ
ǧ̣֮Ѩ־һ֣үΪҶвΪʱƻү£ӵʵֻ»ΪүȥǴ󻼡
˵Ҳе¦ǻͷ̫ȱ֡յŷұֲܶȫΡܲȴԸɣ
Ȼܡ־ͷүһ˧ս֮˧Գĵʧ̽䣬ȴðáү˴ǰҪΪү־֮ġү׼ǰȥƽԪݣΪȡҶͷ
¦ǿ־ƺ˼Ҷ֮£ƺ˼־֮¡κ־𣬻ڣ㵽ôãȴֻﵽ֮λŷұһ˺֮λǷĻԹޣ
ҡ־æ
ʵǶһ̹ϡ¦ǻҡͷŷұǰֱӱ˵룬֪޹һԸֱáأ
Ŀⶢ־ϣ㴦ҹϲ񣬵ȴԼ֮У޷㡣𰡣¦ʲôˣѵ濴ϻдܣ֪ʵҶ㣬Ӧг֮ȴǶһУʲôҲ˵ȴθ㣿
ү־𻺻̧ͷĿ¦ǵĿײһη壬ԼᶨĿʾĵ׵̹ϡ
ȴܡ˵޷ү˵үţ˵үҲ޷л棬ҵܶһر¶Σգңүûкô
˶٣˵ЩΪҲ˵үҲףҲ֪Щ²ԵƣܲҪģãҲүֱ˵˰ɡ֪үͼģһССķڤ£ҲǷڤĻλ¦һˣ϶ģҲүˡ
Ŷ¦Ŀ΢΢仯ɱͼȴʲô


224 
á־ɫ򶨣˵֡
һڣʱ¦˸ϵı磬ĥ͸
үҽ˵£֪롣־һ֣Ҫ׿ڶ˵סͶүʵҪΪүǣҪԼʵүΣӶõһᡣұоϾԶˮʣﵽʿľ磬ȴҪү
ʵǻֶһ㡣¦˵
Ȼ־ҡͷ¦˵ף¦ˣ¹ϵķڤ塣үҲˡ£ڤ£¦ҵ£ڶ˵ǲǼȨıѣֻҪΣ¿ʵ֤ݣڻλ֮ϣڤõáͬ
𣿡¦ЦˣеɱѾһ롣
֣ǿղһƽ񡣡־˵Ʒ˻ʳͳΣǳıλʧȥ˴ֵ֧֣˽ַͬʱ˵մãλҲ޷ȡƾˣõǻᣬֻ¦ˡү˵һж𣿡
˵Ҷ㲻ҲΪ壿¦ɱȫ
Ȼ־ҡͷҶ˵һֻҪνͳȴѲ˵һƻߣٵǼƻһСˣȥ
˵úã¦ǴЦһ𣬻ǰ־ġ𣬴¾ͽˡ۳ɰܣ֮Ҷһ֮λ
ģȴ֮־֣һ
ס¦ǵ˵ͷءҾڴ˸ŵҹƴֻһˣô־𣡡
лү־һأԳһĨ
ǧ֮⣬ƽԪУҶޱصݸ֮ڣӲһӦԱȴЩ˽ƽԪþһΣһ̰ӹķ籩ڴССϰ̰ԱʹùٳΪ֮һתҳһŵݣʱڱ˽죬հҵƽԪݡ
һȴֻǿʼҪƽԪݱаյİ֮أȴҪܳʱŬ
ҶڹԱԿԼʵĺ̨
ۼƽԪ£ǧִߴҶһ˼Ҫǡء̽Ҷȴżĵذȴ˵Լ˼
ʦӵͼϿһȴλڱӽƹĵط˵ɽ֮УҪѰΪסҲ㹻ĵĸȴõĲá룬ǵȴͷĴ֮һȥұȽϺá
ǰǰޱ˵ĸ׳ԩѩʵ绹ձļҲǴ¡Ƚ°˰ɡ
㵱Ҳ֪˼ǧȴЦˡȲǶ˵һ˾𣿡
ѽǰޱǧɿЦҲҲաұȷʵҲǵطǷеĸҲδ֪˵ǰͰ͵ظȥȴʲôҲûõһˡȷʵȰ°˵ɡ
һЦ
Ҷ˼뿪ƽԪݣһ·Ԫضȥһ֮ڣ֪֮ʱλү֪ʺΤֺ֪Ԫǰӭ
һ棬Τͺɱʱ첽ǰ͢Ǹ°ݣμү
񡣡ҶһЦҲõϢˣ
˴£ûϢ˹Ц˵иλֵܶ˷ܵòˣ˵Ԫ˳򣬸ˡ
ǣ̫ˡҶҡͷһЦôЩԪӦǱʲô
йж˵μıҲʮңȴǳɲʲôֻһδжʮˣ˰£ȴͻȻֵسߡǼƲû׷ϣȴĳȴʧһʤпܵĺûᡣ
СЩǺõġҶһͷѾռǵأֻҪصסǴʤȴ̰УʧһǧϡǳҪʧС߹ذս´󰡡
ǣһͷӦ
һߣһ߽һʱԪصı仯Ҷ㽨ıأΪ˴󹦡ˮ¥̨ȵ£ȴÿնڳһʱڲ֮ǰͻԪ޵ƾ
õڱĽ죬ҲҲһ㣬Ȼʱһ
֮⣬ҶڶɽϵһڵϵҲȴҲͻơ콲ҶͥЧ͡ӺŦȫѾһﵽƾҽӱ磬ȴѾǾȹˡ
ΪҶͥ˲ͬڲľ٣罫ʵ֮±ϳ͢¦ȴּӷҶͥΪ
Ϊǽȴδٵ÷͡쵹ף¦뽫Ҷͥ˺϶¦ִ
СﵽԪǾȹ̣˪ʮҲʥ۷壬ʱͻƶΪԪǿߵĿܡ
ƹʮʿҲﵽʥ伶ֻֻ˾ȹ̣ҪʱղϹ̡
䣬һΪͿ֮٣Ѿƾǿߣٽ豱Чȴ죬ҲѾ˳شﵽƾ۷塣ǷпͻƾﵽԼ˵ôһͣѾˣֻö󣬶ԵҶˡ
˶Ҷޱʮָˡ˱Ԫؿһºֱȥ󣬵λүȴӦӲǽһգȫףҶ֮¡
Ҷ㲻ɨˣǱ
һף֮󣬵ڶգҶ㶣λؽСķޱһ϶ȥصڤڣϡ
ҶڵؽϢѾ˿ϣһȫȴʱ
ĶȴѾԶʤǰ¦ཫɽ͸Ҷ㣬׼ܱߵľҲֱҶͥһפڶɽ֮ҪҶʱδӽɽܵؿ̲飬ɼػ֮ϡ
ϸǧҶͥô򣬵һ˵ǴӢҶٹȴҶͥѡţѡǧֵЩ˵ȷʵֵ֮󣬲Ž֮ɽС
ΪϰȫǽǼӵɽС
ĶѾƹƽͳʯŷڤʯƺ¥תѾջ˻ǰ⼸ʯ룬һʣЩʯԶ˵ţһë
Щ룬п󹤵ļңλ˪ϯϵİ£ЩҲԼϴ£֯ǸӻٲȻһСȻԸ㣬Ҳȫ⹺ʳһƷ
үүúúøлǡҶ㿴Ͼ󣬲һЦ漴տԨʯռȡ䡣
ǡ俴ʱü


225 ػس
һ˪ķۺϷ֣һԭ䣬󱻶ȥ档
ӹ鼤㣬㡭ڰѶǶҲɱˣ
ֹޱһЦεһУŵս۹أ˪Ҳ˹Ҫ˱ʲôģҲɱˡ
ʲô
˶һȻ֪ҶϢҶ˿ѾӵгԽĽ׵£ȴ֪
Ҷ¦һǿеõһʥҶţˣܻĽǿߡ
ǺЧ̲סͷ
ȻЦ˵Ҹ粻ʵǿǺãͽС֮ˡ
ø֮ˡӲɵͷ֮˳˻飬ҽƹܵõʯֻʯȥҹбѳµĸ֣պվ쳤֮䣬ƱȻܽǿ
˵ţҶһЦǿҲǹӵѡ
ʲôʱҲЩʯȥãŦЩŵؿʡ
ҶһЦһʯصԪӦ֧Ԯ˰ɡҲ֪ڶ϶ôˣһֱĴæȴδܰﵽʲô
ѾܶˡŦæ֡
㲻֮ʣŦҶͥ˵ҾŦһǮ챦ףڶ϶Կڶϵĵ̴󲿷ѾŦУڶȴѾһ겻񡣡
ʧȥ˳ĸ֣Ǳ˵ļһǾþ֮˵Ķ֣Ŧ޵˵
áҶͷ
ԪӦڲԽңԷڤԽˣǵϾԪأֻУֹЩвȨ
һ̾Ϣ벻Ȼô̵ʱڣʹӳһ״ﵽ˳ףһȹ̡ͻȻʧٵԭѰʲôʥأޣ˽֮ͻơϧȴӦһɽ㡭
ʥأҶȴһ
ҲֻſԽΪʲôͻȻʧΪôʱɳһͻƴﵽס
Ҫ֪ҶȫóƲ⣬ٶ֮죬˵ȥ¡ˣ¦־˵ˣⶼǳ˴˵
ͨʿǴﵽ˳ʿҪͻȻһףǿ죬дŻ߷ɴﵽҶҪޣ˼ʮʱ䣬ܵõһ֮
ȻҲдţüʱͻƽȴҲҶ١
ʧڣ˵Ҳʱ䣬ףʵ𾪡ڲţǣҲʮͲŴﵽһסԼ֮ͻƣﵽס
ҵǵطȴøǿҶ̲ס롣
ʯǺãϧɢ֮Чȴ˺ܶࡣһʥأôͿԽ⡣
뵽ԾЩæ֮£ȷʵӦþȥҵͼǸصˡ
ֻǽҸȥ˵Ҹ׵ԩѾѩұ׷ΪֵҪػؼǣլ
Ҷ㽫еĿ˵ҶͥɱüҶҵҵȻҶѾΪүڵ۶ӵиۡƽԪҶͥڴ˵غԪҲԼľѾνǼҴҵ󣬵УլҶҵĸ
ܵһ𳤴ĵطõĻ䣬ԶܸĵĹȥ
еļңǲеļ硣
Լļ裬뿪Լļҡ
һҪȥػԼļңػԼļ磬һҫڼǰûڼʧȥһСҡϡ䡭
㡣鲻Խۿת߹ȥһ½ܱܵסýģ˭Ҳֲ
лл㡣˵û㣬ԩƽҶҽһֱûȥҲֻܱ蹶
硣ҶֳıҲҵĵҲҵļҰ
ֵܽһȴˮ˿龰ȴҲ̲ס֮ᡣ
ȥɡȴ˱˵գȴЦ㣬Ҷҵԩѩֱûбǣ㣬ҿͺޱץѻ°˰ɡΪҶڲ¡
ûҶͥæᣬɿҶ㡣㣬ЩҶк¡
ޱһߺͷҳ
ЩװɣʱŦͻȻðʧһ䡣ڤķףӦóȳɻ飬Ȼֵ𣿡
죡úݺݵŦһۡ
˭ȳײһСҲŽ㶮ʲôڤףŮʲôף
⻰ǲҶȴ˵ͷҶͥһЦ磬ҲԼˣܹſæ׬Ǯ
Ҳȳ˵Ҷͥ֡ʲôײ׵ģѾ˺ʵǱȳ׾ǣùҡһҲ˳۵ģѵǾôţЩףЩΪҶǴ£
˲ɶЦˣŦҲͷ˵ûûҺġ
ҶҲЦˡ
ڿϴһҶҶͥޱһ˶ɽһ·ڵضȥһ·ϲκ⣬һص˳С
ֱ˳ظ⣬ŵʿʱӭо˶ǼȻסʮ񣺡λʵظкιɣ
λֵܣ֮شˣ˵ƽԪҶؼˡҶ㵭һЦտԨʯռȡԼӡŵݸһʱʩһ񣺡ԭԭүݵСĲϵүүˡ
֮УҶҡͷһЦ
ޱȣҶ־һ󣬲ŻæܵظȥƬ̼䣬ǳرһɱ˳ųڴССĹԱһ嵽Ҷǰ
̩ү
رϼү
λ߹٣֣صҶ㹰ְݵ͢Ա֮ݵڵأߺү
ɡҶ΢΢ͷ
ҶͥȴɼҶԽԽǿ󣬱һֱһٹе龰ȴڱʵֲ΢΢
λĳ츸ĸٰɣҶʡ
ǡ̩𣬡ԭĳغرΪҶ󽫾ԩ֮ʱ侮ʯʥϴΪŭѾְ졣ڵĸԱȴʥյıһɡ
ʥ֪үסڴˣլ˴ưܣѾ˽פҶլɴɨ˴ιԱʥϵ˼ҪԼճǣԱ֤ҶҼҵ˾ػ˵
Ҫлʥ¡ˡҶһͷҲλˡ
ү븮̸ɡ̩һָ
˵ͷҶһڹٴӵ֮£˳ǳظ
һ˲䣬ҶҶͥȴ뵽˵һĻֵͶ·ò뿪죬Ӵһ
죬Ҷֵܻˣ


226 ͽ
ƽԪٹʥ״ͽң
һ죬һɤҶعǣ½ҶլϢŵĲǡ˶Լ˳ȻͿСĸʾ
ǺΧȥڸʾǰţֵʣƽԪƽԪȴĸֻ˵иƽԪ
ƽԪƽԪϢͨˣʱ͡ǳǳĴӢۣ
ûһŽӿڣλһ֮ԪӦΪҷڤѫԪӦݵˣʹݰձ˴˰ҵĴӢƽԪ
ԣ˵ʥ˽ݸƽԪݣƽԪҲħΪƽԪǽһˣ
ǱǳеĴӢҶ㣡˸š
СƽԪĸҶ󽫾ȴԭҲܼΪʥѾΪƽ׷Ϊ
ͽһҰ
˵ƽԪֳҶͥҲѾ˽ְȻԶܣ˲ﰡ
ְΪһ͵ͷҼֵԪפأдļ˵ףҶʵ۾ܷ֮λֻСˡǿɣʥƽԪ֮һҶ֮λģ
ǳһˣҪùˡͻȻЦ
ǰ˸͡Ҷǰ;ֻּ³ӶҪ˰ɣ
˭˵ģ˼ּҲҲһλ
ǽѾܷˣȴδҰҲ£ֻ֪ڻƨɺҡβͶѣ
С㣡˺ҪԴģ
ŵò˵˶ˡ
ּҪˡһλҡͷּ̾ҵĹ޸ҶȴǶôҫˣɩɩʲôݣڡ
ͽÿ졣ߡּҾСˣҶһѣǶñ˭죬ֱӾͻ˻Լ˵ȴ˼͵ƸҶֵ޷Ư⣬Ѫ
û͸ǿҶǱܣ
һʱ䣬˵š
֮ϣȴһ˴ҴҶУۡ첽ǰһǰ˽ȥ
ȴָ
ԼѮĸߴȴ־ĸףȺʱɫҰãȴŴھ׵ּҼ˼̾˿
ô˼ɫǼΪѿ
ôȺЦһҶĻˣͷΣò⣡ٸǵʾΪľȫ֪ȥҶֵܣѾҫ飬һ˽һȴ
˭뵽أ˼̾һһͶ£תۼȥȴһֱһ齫㿴˼ҶֵȴôģһҲ˽˵һȻǿүƽƽݣǶҫ
ʱһˮңӰȴڴϣһףʱŽŽǣǷҾܾ£ҲѾǽˣɩɩˣ
ôܹңȺû˵㲻ǵһٻˣ硭
Ҹˡˮңߺߵ˵һ۶ٲǣֻԼٷƣɼȥˣȴԲһ齫˼ҶͥȥֻǸС٣أ
ʲô˼˵ڳΪɫһ¡вҲвٵĺ
ҶүˮңһۣҶҾңټޣҲܼ޵֮УǸСҲŲأ
ͻȻ䣬ֹס˿תƺڴʲô⡣
˼Ⱥȴδ֡
ʱ֮ϣһӹٱǰҶޱҶͥŸͷһھʿ̶Ӵӵ֮£Ҷլȥ̩رһԹ㣬аڽվ׷˷ܵ뿴һλµƽԪ
ۼؽְϲĿ⣬Ҷͥп࣬Ҳ̲סһļǰֻǼůڡԼСסļңڳǰȴɲҲ֡
Ҷլǰ̩æǰһ˸֮¡
ʱҶլǰȷǵûưܣó˳ĴţɵߴΧǽϷһ鱻첼סҡһУһָ߹Ϣһ֪ǲƷ֮լķڤ߲㣬ͳ֮
үң̩ȡ
Ҷ̧ͷңȴ֪ΪΡ̧֣бʱһֻɵĴֳ֣Ὣϵĺ첼¡
ڵ׽֣ȴдˡƽԪĸ֣Ȼǡ»ʵۡ
£¦ĵۺš¦ױдҶ֮ǰȴһ㲻֪ʱɵͷ΢Ц
ʥϵױʰΧ۵ڲ̾
ÿ˶ףǰλƽԪʵǵһˡ
ƽԪ븮ϸ˵
Ҷֵޱһ븮СҶ㻷ܣֻڸûиĶֻƾɴɣªּΣԵô߹󣬵ʹмơ
ƽԪص˵Խ̩˵ʥùּװεġʥ
ѵʥ˷ġҶ㻺ͷ
μүμʱ߳һȺѾߣһŶǼԼ󷽣͸һִ
ЩǱٰŵˡ̩˵ʥҲ֪үþڴˣּѡף֮ˣΪү
áҶһͷ漴һЦȴδزڴ˾þӡƽԪҲãԪҲãҿȴղҵļ磬ľסҲղҵļҡֻĵطеļҡ
Ҷͥͷ
ʱŴͻȻϲһüʲô˴󵨣ȥ
˵ţŴȥδŮȵǺôĵӣ֪ʲôǵ־ãǸң
ˮңҶͥһü
ҶҲ⣬֪Ůܵʲô
ȥޱ֪ˮң֮£ʱŮôȤҶߡҵҪŮ˳ʲôӡ
м֣̩һ첽ȥ
Ҷͥɫ˼䣬ڴǰ֮ǰ˸ŴһֻٱסһŮӣŮָٱһشţÿ
ΪʲôطۼҶͥ˹ʱˮңŭһǽΪΪﶼȥ𣿡
ˮңһһ漴Ҷͥʢ˵ıʱһ䣬ȴǱóҲʱţҶ磬㡭ˣ
ˮңҼǰ֣Ϊ£Ҷͥüʡ


227 ݼ
ˮңҶͥһί
Ҷ磬˼ֻһ棬ǷŲã˼Ҳš˵ţŵǻ
Ҷޱ˹ûеǰԶĵطվסޱˮңһͷ־ͦһ۾ܿһˡǸˡ
ϧﲻɡҶ˵Լؿڡ
ҲСޱװЦźҶ㿪ЦſҶεӡ
Ҷȴͷز΢΢ҡͷȻǲһЩġ
ˣޱɫ졣
̩վһߣЦֲЦǿš
ʲôҶͥʵ
Ҷ磬ֻһ¡ˮңһί˵ȥҲãҲңҸ˵ġҲдҶңǾҶҵˣòΥҸ硭Ҷ磬Ҹ粻ڼУҲܲˣҵ֪˵òˡ
סڣҶͥкһһŵˮңһ¡
ˮң㻹ǵõ˵Ļ𣿡ҶͥѾ˰ɣôܵңЩҿģңҶңּҸǻٻ֮Ƹߣ뽫ֵնɱֻ޲ھͽּˣ
ҶϵһæסҶͥĻͷ
ˮңҶͥƾۺ⣬ȴѾŵû겻壬ֵȥȴһˤڵϡ
ּǲҪµҶˣ
ԭǵ˼Ƹ񶼸ˣǿ湻ĺڵģ
ֻĺڣֱ޳ܣ
ûҶ˵ǵ뺦Ҷֵأʲô˰磡
ּȺ˱ûöǵҲȱʮļ̣
ΧΧ۵۷׷ףȴָּͬңЦˮңּЩ־ڳںаԵðղʱ˸ǿѹּңǵҲ׳׷׳ָ
ˮңΪҶͥʵ˱ԼƭȴҶͥ粻ǵҶֻͥôˣԼһȣȴһҲ˵ڡ
ۼΧָָ㣬Ҳߺֵˡ
ͽСȡ衯ޱˮңıӰ̾˿
ֵܵȥͶּʱҲһġȡ衯Ҷ㻺˵ڱϾһڣҲ־⽫ܡʱֵȴѾʧȥС
Ҳǻãޱһͷ
ּԴֻ޷ڳ̧ͷˡҶ㵭˵ǵĴȴںߡһ죬һɱ־Աֵܺɱ֮Ҳն¦һʱּ˥ܵĴ١
ޱĬĬͷ
ˡҶת̩̩æǰֶ񣺡үԸ
ܷΪլ޸ȴڳǰûʲôôҶ˵ǸŻһأҲֻǿջϲ֪Ҷҷ٣ǱҲܸŷ٣аҲɸ
ү˼ǣ̩ʡ
Ҷһ˵һߴ֮⣬տԨʯռ֮ȡڴӣǰΧİռҶƾձž̲סˡ
ҶһֱֻֿУȫ򿪣װȴǽ塣
Χղһ󾪺
⡭̩ЩӣҲɳһԹһ£ЩӵĴСҪ֮ࡣ
ʮ塣Ҷ˵
ʮ򣡣̩һһΧıͰҲһ
λסҶ˵ҸҶ󽫾ʱ㳣̵ǣΪɷҪĻ£ȼòʱҲһΪЩ£ȴҲҹΪȴ縸˵츣һգұ㽫ЩǮóԳ׵ļ񡣡
⡭˶סˡ
ЩǮǰͷȥȴҲûж١ҶһЦλҽǮ̩ˣһ֣ƶ֮ãڳп޼ҿɹߣǮá¿ɴߣԿɵ֮ʳ䲻ıˣٿ䲻õļ֮
ðʱȺһЩߣһЩؤ˷ܵش
һ֡Ҷ˵ֿ̡̩óǵҵһù߱ض࣬Ǳдѵ׬Ǯᡣеҵ֮󣬳бˡˣ˰㣬Ҳ׬Ǯ档Ҳڳڿʯ޽˱¾޸ӢˣǮơ
ðжþӪ֮ʱ
ÿҵӮ֮࣬һǮҶ˵¡£һʱߣɵٸãɹٸ֤ʵߣ쵽һµǮȹº߿ʵߣɹٸҵ׬ǮĻ·ԼɹǮ
ð˸Ž
Ҷһͷת̩ˣȴˡ
̩ҡͷһ֡үȥֻֻΪս¡棬֪үʵǴţ
ʮǮɢˣȻüЦȴֻһʱСӼáͷҵӦԮԶ档үȻţ
λࡣҶ˱˱ȭæҡ
£ҶҶͥޱһػظڣޱιۡҶͥȻǼһϤĵط̲סޱָţҶһѧߵĵطδԼ游ڡ
֪䣬ȴߵ˸ҶľӴҶҶͥһۣ̲ס̾˿
ţУȴ·Ը俴ԼͯϷʱӰӣɶȦ
ңҶĸλĸʱȴľλһǸλһĸλ߷Ͻ¯ǰ湩ŸʹУƣ¡
ѵôȫҶͥ˵
ȸļͷɡҶ˵ţλǰҶ֮ͥ£ֵһλؿͷ
Ҷͥʵ˵ڻصˣ
ҶҲǱʧȥһУѾȫ˻ԩѾѩȻ׻ûзźδĳһУȡ¦ο֮飡
ޱվһߣҲؿһͷĸҽޱδŵϱڶǰһݣǼˡģޱһչ˺㣬Ҳѡһϱģ
Ҷֵ̲סޱϹЦݡ


228 
ڳǽլ֮Ҷֵܽլи˹ܼҺ󣬱㼴뿪һ·ƽԪݶȥ˿չȳСŵʿԶԶʱǰ鿴ȿޱʿ̼ǰӭҶȥ
μүǧ꣡
ʮͬ
ƽҶһ֣ǵǴ
СүӰ롣ͷľٹ𣬡һС㣬֪үˡ
šҶһ֣ǲʡףͱ𾪶شˡ
ǣټæͷ
һ·ڶУ˻ƺ¥Ժ֮ǰû뵽ƺ¥ȴõϢһȺ˳ӭӡɭӷǰ֣˼æʩ
׼Ҵ粻˶񣡡ɭЦϹҶͥԼˣ쵽
ȴȵشޱޱһѣԼŮôûƵģ
ͬͬĿ˸ҡͷޱĸӦôȫղͬˣҲ
ôһ˵ɭҲע⵽ޱı仯̲סſ˿ԽԽþȡ
ޱ⡭òᡭ죬ȴ˵ԼĲ²⡣
ҽˡޱˣ޵Ц˵
˶ˣƬ̺ƺ¥ը˹
Сˣǻƺ¥˳ĸ֣ǻƺ¥Ҫɳһ
ȺڣӺޱȵ˵ɭݺᣬסޱģãѾͷǺģ
ҵϽ𵤡ޱЦ˵
Ͻ𵤰ɭһǿ˲õıѰҩ㣬ôõģ
¦⴦Ҷ˵
ȥ˵ɡӼæڶУɭæͷԶԣЩϸ˵
һ˽¥֮ڣ⣬ֻгһ߲ŸŽ֮Уɢæġ˵˼ȴϲԳ֣һȫޱ֮£һ뵽ƺ¥ĵλֱ˶üЦ
˵ƽԪݵ¡ޱϴ뿪ѧһɭɸпֻû뵽㾹ȻףҲɱģҲܣ찡ͷӼֱҪˡ
Ⲣ֮ҶһЦտԨʯռץöϽ𵤣ǰݵɭǰһöݵǰһö
үү˵öϽ͸ǣƸɺã
Ѿ͹һ𣿡ɭüЦʡ
ջԼŰɡޱָϽ𵤶Ҷ˵
ǿɲɣɭæһѽϽץ𣬽СŮТҵģŲ㣡
˲ɶЦ
ҲСĵؽϽЦ˵ûԼŮ͵Ķ˵ȻҪúˡ
ɱ˷ǵĺҩġޱ˵ùýųɡ
㵱ľ𣿡ҡͷǾͨˣ֮ܽͨʥ֮ʹľǱѾǼˡ
ЦЦҡҡͷ
ټϴҲԡҶԺͻȻһտԨʯռץһƿĸŵɭǰϡ
ʲôɭʡ
ĸۡҶ˵һɱ˪֮ϵõһĸʦƳ˵ĸۡ
⡭Ǹ˲õıɭһӵȴɻ󲻽⣬׵ĸʲôɭæǽһ飬Ҳɾ̾
ʹϽ𵤹ͨʥ̷֮ĸʥ֮ĳ̶ȣٶȣ˵ܴ漣Ҷ˵үүѾǾƾ۷ҲĿͻƼޡ
⡭Ҳɼȴҡҡͷ漣ˣȴĲ롣
үһŬɣɭĿ˸ص˵ͷ
ʡŵáޱĵضţĸЧǿôһСЧɱƿˡһֻƿء
˵ɭǺЦţ漴ҡͷŮûأ֪ŷˡ
˵ҶͥЦˣһ֡үүͬȴˡô˼û·ţޱѾΪǶ°ɣѡӰѻ°ˣ˾һˡ
áãɭͷʵҪҵ˼ֱӾ͸ǰѻ°˶ã
⡭ҶͥһЦȻŮڳ£ôҲҪһһȴñЦҲǷڤĻɶϷǴӦֻʥҲ
⵹ҲǡӵͷĻ£Ѿµĸ߶ˡ
˼ˡɭϲشЦҼŮȴǹ£áã
ƺ¥һڳϣҲЦжޱԺǲǳʥˣȻҲģۼƺ¥ҪҪ£Ȼϲ
˵ţȴ˵ǳغرԵƺ¥ƽԪ
ɡҶҡͷһЦǲҪأȴˡ˱һɡ
رҲˡɭͷô꣬ദҲһֱҰǣǰңҲˡãޱĶ֮£Ҳ֤ǹٷһɵļ֤˰ɡ
ʱλ˾ͱ뵽˴֮УɭʱӭҶҲ֮ȴ˳ϻ̳Ͽ֣æҶʩݹСҶ֮
ɭһЦҶޱ֮£˼æأȴæԸȥ׼
ͲˡҶһЦλ˽ջƺ¥⣬ҶĳѸм
˼æ֣ⶼǷ֮¡¥ж꽻飬үġ
ɭԸ˾磬ƺ¥æʵһɭӷ򸾣ԼҶͥλ˵£Ҷޱھ֮ʽ£δ򸾡ޱϲ֮УЩߣͷ˼ġ
֮ɢȥرҲ뿪Ҷһã֮¡
ѴӦǵǣڳڿʯ޽Ҷ˵£Ҫ鷳үүˡ
Լˣ˵ʲô鷳ɭһЦ¶Իƺ¥Ҳдô
ǺáҶͷǻһҪҪ죬ڴ˵ȴ̫ܶáʯǱߣѾãö˵ʲôߡ
һ֣տԨʯռ֮ȡʮףʮͬ˶žһ
ЩʦЩƳҶ˵ȻڳǿпʲôöߣȴǧıˣͷЩȥɡ
ġ֪·ͬСɣͷҺүүڱϽĸۣȡһ¥֮Ѻﵽȥ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
ڻƺ¥գϵͼʾȺɽ֮жȥ
ǧȻǸ˵òˣ޲һӷɵǵط


229 ɽʥ
֮ضɽеɽǧ˼ȴ¡Խ򱱵ضУԽӽɽﲻ̣ͨҲҽӽȴһ¡
Ҳɽ赲ɢֻҪΪ˼䡣
Ҷһ֮ãӽͼɽ֮СȺɽ࣬˼ɽֻͳɽٱ޾Ӵ򱻳ΪȺɽʹǳǿߣҲ롣
ͼʾ֮ѾʮֽӽɽǱԵش֮쳣˼֮ڱʮֻޣЩǿ߲ƾһȴûʲôµġ
ޣȺ޷棬ѲȺߡȺǿߣȴԶΪҳȺӣȴκξӶҪֲ
ǳǰ˴ǣһҪҡҶͥһ㣬ҶޱţֻҪͬʱֻޣ±֮
ѩӰԣʱ֪ΧǷȺ䣬Σա
ͼȻҲֻǴµλáͼϸѰң˾ʱȷһɽڡɽ죬ȴһ
Ҳֻʣ·嶥ˡҶͥһϷ˵嶥һγɵļⶥȴʲôʥذ
ҵָоҶɽ˵νҲȴҵЩʲô
˵ʥءޱ˵Ҳͼֻǵĸ֮ɡ
ȥ˾֪ˡҶһͷħ֮˷ħ±ʵǶϣɽȥ
ޱҶ֮ͥʵǶϡѩӰ̧ͷ棬͵һԾ𣬼צϣϡ
嶥޿ֻ֮һⶥ籦һ㡣һϣȴһﻮסĶڣаɣߣҲһѡһұϣϾ¶ϲı顣
̽һ̽ľҶһ̧֣ħӿħĴָϸڶ˶Ѩ֮УҶ㲿ԭҰ֮Уħйͼָħһ·¡
ԽȥѨԽ󵽴ɽ߶ʱǰɻȻʣȻһǧ˵ľ޴ѨѨһһ޴ľڣ͸У˶ھбϡϡϣȴ˸ʽֲ滨ʤлһɶˮ̶̶ˮ峺ȴס
ȻиȥҶջħͷ붴ڣޱҶͥ룬ѩӰԣҲԽ룬ں˽ȥ
һ·Уɽ֮УҶԾ£䵽ǶǾڶȥޱҶͥȺ£Ҳ߶
⾧ڣȴֻܼйԱ붴Уʹƻ֮ʱһ㣬Ȼϸʣϸܿ塣ֶʿйʤҰޣԶˣȴܿϸ΢
ѩӰ˹ͷȻҡͷ߿۲ȥˡҶͥ̽ڣʶˣӦǰɽеĵطת˰ɣȴôûôһľʯ
Ҳ濴Ҳ˵ޱ˵
ͻȻɽ֮һͱڡҶ˵ʱұоӲϸ壬ҹƽܾɽЩŵ˵⾧ڵࡣ
濴ʯͷ濴ˮһ͸Ҷͥɵͷ˵عȻǷء
ȻҶͷûо֮棬һУһ泩ĸоת֮ʣͨޱȣ΢΢оҪ
ȷʵҶͥͷ˴ȷʵһʥءùأоֻȫȫ֮ʱܸӦֻתӦǱڴĻЧǿ
ǰЩ滨ﶼʲôñɡޱæ˵
áҶһͷǧտԨʯռ˳ͷһ֣ʱԲ۾Χҵˣ
ҵˡҶһͷʦʣµ¾ͽˣʲôöɡ
ҵĸǧһϲһĻԱ˹ȥƬ̼䣬һСڴЦԭҲ֮лĸȻǰһСЩҲܲˣ
ڴ˾סʱ䲻̰ҶͥʱֶԶһУȴƤ죬ľδ壬ˮˮþ߶һѣ߹ȥϸͷ
տԨʯеҰӪ֮þߣȴòġޱһЦЩƶﰭ£Ҳۣ綪˰ɡ
ءҶҡͷռ㹻һǾɡڣҲֲǶһˡүү֮ʱҪδþɣǱϾ˪Ķ
Ҳáޱһͷ
Ǳǧȴ˷ܵؽȴԭǳ˵ĸ֮⣬˱滨ݣҶֻһĳĳһᾪĳĳݣȫʶһЦ֮䣬Ҳֻ֮֮
ޱȴʣ㲻˵ͬǰѧ˺ܾãѾе滨ʲôļǵò𣿡
ʦ˽ǾЩ̫ϡʦⱲҲϣԾûɡҶҲΪ⡣ʱ䣬Ī˷ѣǻǿʼɡ
˵˵ͷһλĬĬʼ
ǧȴ˹Ҷ˵㰡Ϊʦ˽ʵǵʱ벻֮죬ת۾͵˳סԾЩ˵ˣֻ˼󶯡Ҫ֪ر֮أգֻ㲻ؽЩյأ˲û㽲
ʵ磬֪Щ󲻵סջ󣿡ޱƤһЦȴǧˡ
ģпʱҰ֪һж˵ˣޱͷġ
ȻתҶ㣺ǵģҵ¯ȡұⶴЩݡ
ʦˡҶ㹧һ񣬽¯ȡǧ
֮㾲һӦ˶֮ޱȣֱӿһʱڣ˶ϲҲѹס˷ҵͷֻһһ
ǧ뾲ҲٸУֻĬĬѡЩ滨ݣԼæ
˼붨ʱѩӰȴͻȻվ׹⣬סϷڣҶʱӦʱ۾ѩӰߡޱҶͥԣҲҶߡ
ôˣҶͥʡ
ѩӰƺǸӦʲôҶ˵ҲƺʲôΣա
ʱѩӰͻȻͳ֮֮ҶҲһü
ˡǸ֡˵
֪ǵѣҶͥҲһü
ɢʲôˡҶһ֣ޱҶͥ㻺˿
֮һӿͷ£ţһӰͷ£Ҷţ󱲣Ȼһҵıأ
Уƣʱݻ޹ףͬʱһŰҲƵ˫սϣҶݺ
ıأҶĿˣ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ţȭһħľȭ֮ӰʱбӶײ˫ս֮ϡһ֮У˵󷽷ɳغһվȣ۾Ҷ㣬׹Ұޡ
ʱҶſò磬ֻʮͣ׺ͷƤñƤۣȻһԪӦˡ
ұأһ֣׹˸һ
ԪӦˣҶɫһǷڤȴԪӦ֮أ
ԪӦ˿еĵطǵأһɫ
ǲҪޱһ
ԪӦҵҷڤҰʵӦɱ֮Ҷͥɱ⣬ǰȴޱס
嶯ʵ˵ã֮ϡޱ˵


230 ԪӦ
ڤӵңԪӦ˵ҶͥɱȻ磬ҶͥоȻ⣬ޱ໤Ҷͥп־Ϊ⡣
ССһҲ뻤ԪӦɱʢϢ֮䣬ΧʢȴޱҲЩֲסˡ
ССף˲񣿡ҶһħӿʱԷϢ赲⣬ޱҶͥʱһ
˼ԪӦ˵Ҷ㣬ССףȻסҵѹ˼
ͻȻ֮䣬̤ǰһս׵һرɫҶն
һץ֮ʣҶѽսУһ䣬һʱ޿ռΧԪӦһ֮䣬ʹ㣬ȴһնգҶһȭȥ׼ź
һüһҪ㿪֪ô£ԼѾһȭһȭȴֱӴ֮УҲѪ
ô£Ҷ㣬ͷһŷ֣ԭԼȴûԭء
ˣս͸̰֮ɫһռ䷨ÿռ֮ҵжʹȻʵֻ޿ռ˶ԭδ
Ҷһͷ΢΢һЦ
Խ֮ս仯Ϊ̬еҲȫʹ޶ݷ޿ռ䣬Զ빥֮⣬ֶһ޿ռ֮ǿеĹܡ
Ҷ㷽ŷӵģһ
Ϊһ˲õķɱңԪӦЦڤӹȻӣ
ԼƤ£˵ҰĻȴ˵ӣǺЦޱһЦ
Ů˳õǺÿԪӦâһԪӦȥҵĲҰɡʱ
סڣ˵꣬ҶɫһҪԪӦ㲻˵ı𣿽Ҿͳȫ㡪ԺһὫ㰲ڴˣڴ˰Ϣ
˵ţȴͻȻսһףԪӦʱסս͵һ֣һֻ޹Ǽ׵ľޱնſ־սץȥսսѾûտԨʯռ֮Уһʧ
㻹пռ䷨ԪӦһü
Ҷȴú˵̧ȡӰ壬ԭҰħ֮ħ缤˲֮УʱӰңǰչΪҶС
Ӱ嵽֮Ҷ㻹δԹȴⳬ׵ԪӦһ
֮䣬ǰӰӿһʥ֮ڽʡҶĿԪӦ˸оһ⣬Ӱ֮ԪӦ˴гԾ
ķ治١ԪӦ̰֮ɫɱ㣬˱ܵõһֻޣһɫŮ˴ηڤ֮ջǲ٣
ЦУԪӦ͵ǰսһתһ籩͵Ҷ㵱ͷȥ
ҶͦһӣӰն𣬵סܽɽľ޸һҶֱֻȫδӦκֻһ紵һ㣬˿ûκθɵͷһЦ
ӰΪһȴ٣ֻѾͻƳĽ׵ļ˰ɣǿȫһǰȴҲֵһᣬ÷
йâһҶͻȻֱһӰȻֱӽսʿһ֮սȫݻ٣ԪӦֱ֮ϣʱ㽫ϵ޹пһѪӡ
ԪӦ˶ÿ죬һػὫһֱҲսһʳ롣
ԪӦ˺ȻˣֵضҶӰʲôôô˳ף㲻Ƕʿô˵õң
㣿Ҷ䣬ȴҪɱ㣡
̧֮䣬ӰͬһԪӦ˴ȥԪӦ˴ʧɫȴٲҶ͵ط
ʱȴһɶߵһƤ£޹սףֳһ޴˫սһɽҡΣٸҶĽȥ
¡֮УҶǾ޴ֱӱӰ˺ƬɢڶСȴָۣһСֳ˫սҶ
Ҷ΢΢üӰƼ𣬽ʱѻſеĴСǴȥвӰĶ֣ЩССεסӰһʱ̵÷顣
ԪӦ˵ȫɢҶ˳׷ȴҲѲԪӦ˵ӰֻתصС
ʱԪӦȴѾһƬȵУһƨɵڵأڵشϢţŭһȭڵϣɺްĽĦԪӦӣʱ裡һССĳ׾ȻһˣƵ뿪ոҵĲرأʵ裡Һò׵õⱦصͼһ·ѰȴȻһһˣضߣǿɺޣ
Ϣȴ˾˭Ϊﵽף˶ķ
ͻȻһѵѵǷڤ·үԪӦСҶ㣿
˰ΣһԾǿұϵʹԶȥ
ɣҶѳɳΪԪӦȴӲ£ҵúúòǡ
ת֮䣬ѾӰ
Ҷص˶УޱҶͥǧʱΧ˹ҶȴֻѩӰһ֣ѩӰ׷
ѩӰҶɽȫйѰκȴҶͷȥ¶߲ѵĿ⡣
˰ɡҶͷصУһˣҶҡҡͷˡ
һУȴһšҶͥ˵
ʲôţһ
ǻǸղξʱھ˵ġҶͥ˵нʿ˵ԪӦǾбȽϺһϵƺǽдһΰȴֿķѻһ㣬Ⱥ֮УȻӰת仯
ԪӦ𣿡Ҷ뷽˵ֶΣͷǼпܡ˵ԪӦڴ֮һ󳬷֣峤һ˲ʮ꣬ĳ峤
ԪӦ˵١ǧ˵ǵĳֲ࣬ڤܱ߸ȴǣһǱǿ׳׺ΪԪӦʵʵ̫ڣκһеĳǿߣðΪСˣԪӦһֱšôᣬеԪӦӱ
ԪӦ𣿡Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ô죿Ҷͥеţһʱܻȥλй¶²
Ҳû취ˡҶ̾˿ѩӰҲҲϢټκһ˶Ҳֻȫͬʱץʱҩ
ҲֻˡޱһͷȥѩӰѩӰҪСģغţлһҪһʱ֪
ѩӰµص˵ͷ
ٴľһʱȴƽҶͥվҪҶտԨʯռȡһ̶ֻʢһˮ˼ڣ滺һЩ
ףͻȻ֮䣬ȴоʲô䷢ɾȵ۾
ôˣҶʱʡ
ˮҶ̶ָͥˮǾ㵵ر顣
ˮͷ𣿡ޱһæʡ
ˮйŹ֣ҶͥıЩ֣β˶ӣҶޱһۣ첽˹ȥ


231 ض
ˮôˣޱʡ
Һȥһڣо̾θﻯȻȫ˵泩Ҷͥ˵ڵҲҿƵ
Ʋסˣޱȵʡ
ǿƲסҶͥҡͷƵĻһ±ܿסֻǡҵ˼ǣԶת
ǲǺͼʯһٶȣޱ
ǡҶͥ˵ͷ
Ҷ㲢ûжʣֻǾؿ̶Ȼһ̧֣ħɺħľ̶Уһˮ콫̶ˮ£ʱоθһůһ˳θȫѪ֮УڵħܿƵؼԼԼʱѭϢ
ˮ۾һû뵽ʥеˮҲֱǿԺȥļʯ
ҸоǿƷļʯҪЧҶͥ˵
˷ѡޱ˵Ǿ̶ɣʱЩ̶ˮٶȸһǧ
ûҶͥصͷ
ѩӰ˹̽ͷ̶ˮҲͷֻ˼ڱ㷢֮ȻҲǸ̶ܵˮĺô
ʦҲҩҶкǧڴͻƼޣһ粻Ǹã
ѾƾһɳˣǧЦŰ˰֣֪ԼĲܣҲϣ
ȷʵǸĺõطޱ˵˵ﵽܽƾһ̣ﵽ۷岻ҲǺ£
ǹˡǧǺЦţæǵģͷȻԼ⡣
ҲáҶһͷȡɡ
Ҫ˵ЩҲǺöǧ˵ţһӰСĺݸҶ㡣̶ˮҰ
ʲôӣҶ˹һߴһʡ
ǧ˵
йأҶһ
ǧͷֻ仯ڲ֮ݲܿʼĹӡֹӵЧԶԶʤݡһöԾ֪ˡ
Ҷһöн£ʱҲһţһ֮㴫Լȫ̼ħתӵ֮ħԼٶ仯ЧȴȺ̶ˮǿ
ǺöҶ㼱æӵݸޱҶͥ˳ԺҲ¶ϲı飬ͷ
Ǹض찡Ҷ̲ͥס̾
԰ɡǧЦһָɽһǣѾ賤һƬضǣǵҲû⡣ҿЩаѾȫһ£ʱ¹ٶ¹ܳ죬ȴȡ֮Դ
̫ˣޱ˷ץ𼸸Ͷ
ѩӰ˿Ǳߣʱ˹ȥͷͷڵϵĳȻҲԵø
˸أ治ҪˡҶ˵ԽǾͳ̶ˮŬȡٳ߸ͷһɡ
˶׷׵ͷ
һⶴпʼĵǧȴһ㣬ֻǰѱ˶ڸΪмֵ滨֮󣬱㿪ʼƣ֮࣬Żһһᡣ
ûʱͺ̶֮ˮŶеŶڵ֮ڵط˱仯ڵڰϣҶͥﵽƾ۷壬ϢڶȴվХ
Ҷʱϲصͷ磬ڴﵽƾ۷ˡô˻ֱӳϽ𵤣Ƿͻƣ
˵ţһöϽȡ˳ֱӵݵҶͥǰҶͥǼ֮ʣһͷãֽ˹һȥƬ֮䣬ǿڶͷҲһʥ֮ţ´ʥ֮
磬ſ죡Ҷ漴ȡһƿĸۣҶͥеһ㡣Ҷ֮ͥºʱо񣬽ʥ֮ԼĸŬŸߵľ
̶ˮҶһ֣ббħ֮ɣ̶һˮݵҶͥߣץһ˹Ҷͥſھͺȣͳԣ̶ˮ븹С
ҶҪſֵСƿĵĸۡ
ҶͥϵɾҵضĶͷҲһſŶĺ顣ɫøΪɢӿȣ븹֮֮ʣʥ֮ĸ֮У͵سϵ˲һ𣬻һ
ײڶϣȴ͸֮Ǳڶӿٲӵڴ˳۵϶ȥƮɢ֮Уȴγ಻Զ˷
ˣƵҩǧȵ̧ͷҶͥɢɵͷ̾ȻǴ󱦵ذ
ҶޱҶ㣬ϲͷ
ȴ֪Ⲣֻ⸣ض֮ҶͥҶԪӦִõġʹڹеĶһϵǿ߾Ҷ¦ǲµտԨʯеĴƳɵҩãűǱأѾ춨һǿҶԴԪϰȴǱʲ֪ȷԾ
⸣ضǿܴﵽȴôϡ档
ǧͲװ쵽ˣȫܴﵽƾ۷㲻ˡڴ˳סôҲпܡ
Ҫ֪ʹⳬһ׵ףôǧֲܼһڴﵽǲġ
֮Ҷͥϵ£תͷҶޱ͸һâ˶˹΢Цͬʱϲ
ͬϲҶͥ˵ͷҲЦݡû뵽гһһΪֱһҵĲܲڣȷЧ͵˻в磬ҶܽЧлᵽһҲܽ
ܣ²סҶһЦΪ⸣ض̶Ͻ𵤡һöϽ𵤲󹦳еĸ۸ǵȫӡҲܽϽ𵤣ض죬̶ˮеĸۣҪȱһɡĸޣϽ𵤸Ѿù⡣
ϧҶͥ̾˿㣬˵Ͻֻʣһö˵ʲôҲ˷
ʲôޱЦˣ˷ѣǸ˭˷ѣǵĴ磬һöϽʹǸŵˡˣպȻٻһǽġ˵˵ף϶Ҳ÷һѾܿˡ
Ҫ취̴˵Ҷ˵⸣ضǵıء
ǸߵԪӦˣǸҶͥü
ǰһȥȴ֪ǲڷڤǿǲ֪ⶴܣֻΪǲر֮أѽȡߣأҶ㻺ͷ˼


232 
֪ȥ
һ죬ޱϵͻȻҷ֮ƣҶʱӦޱı仯æվóһƿĸۣյޱ˵ޱſ죬ѵĸȫޣ
ޱſҶһ½ƿĸ۶ĿУһ̶ˮУĸ£ץһιԡ
Щ븹УޱʱΪڶݡޱæȶ񣬽ԭҰ֮Уתʹʼձڣȴҡ
֪֮䣬ʱʱȥޱȴͻȻһվųһľ⡣һӿ۳һ϶ȥײڶ֮ʱӿͨ͸
ֻٲͨƮ磬ȴֻ˳Ŷɢ
Ҷϲ֮࣬Ŷ˼
ɽ˵ɽڲǱŵʥء˵ʿ֮ʱ͸һУ޿ռ޷赲ⶴȴܵס˵ӵĲⶴɽ
ɽⶴЩŻἯտ֮ɢ滨ݣʹϢŨ
ˣ㽫ڷɽڿŻӦҲӰ
ɽٿһ¶ҲӰ¶֮УʱգȻҲ滨ݣ۽
һ˼עȴּеޱʱޱϵԽԽǿʢϢҲԽԽŨȴǽѾȫɹ
ֹãɢȥޱҶ㣬˵ػ磬ҿһˣҲǳ׵ǿˣ
Ϊ͸㡣Ҷһ˵ţһտԨʯռץսݸޱӦýӰ͸㣬ڲûʥ֮ȴ޷
ôһѱһսҪעĿˡޱЦһͷģɰˡ
ȷʵҶͥЦŵ˵ͷޱôһѵ𺳡
ﵽ˶ףÿԷӴ˵Ҷ˵⣬ôҪ𣿡
ôҪޱʣһЦҪͣն굶ҰɡǵĹܶ˵ҲѾôҪˣá
ȴǿˡҶһЦսն굶ȡޱޱεʣ輸£ŻĹָ裬ϲޱȣ·ǸõߵСһ㡣
ǧԶţɺǺЦ
ˡޱһͷԺ͹ˣҪãҽ衣
˵ţҶ˸
˶Ц
һ֮䣬ʱȥҶоԼڵħѾﵽһĽޣԭҰ֮ħ֮ħ׺ֹħҲҫ۵Ĺâɳ̧֮䣬ħֻѾڶץ˴ѵֱۻ˽ȡһƿĸۣȫǹ֮С
һ֣ħǴźĴ̶֮Уʱһ֮ȡħϷսħ˫ֳ֣ǿһȽڻˮעǹҩ֮С
Ҷ㽫뽬Һʳȫȥ
Ƭ֮䣬ֲͬʱעҶڣħٵطڡҶȴԾǿ֮֮ѹ
ԭҰ֮Уһʱħݺᣬһɺƴٶѹ֮ϡ󲻵ʹоһ½Χ·綼ҪϣȻ˲䱬ѻ𣬽Ҳըм
ħǵĹâҲЩɢСħ֣ҷ
˳Ӧħ̳֮ħ֮־
һԭҰмظšħͬʴ֮һ㣬Ҷ͸Ҷޱʹࡣ
ֻҪ飬˳Ӧħܲʹ࣡
ߵҪ֡
ħǿħ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ巢һȴеħȫɢҫҫ۵Ĺâħܵâ̼֮ʱԭ֮лָԭЩСħҲٷֻǰɢˡ
ʵ֮УҶȴͻȻӿһħһʱֱǶ֮ڣ͸˲ɽֱ֮ڣ
ޱҶͥӦҶϢ仯ֹͣһԾۡʱȻͻƶ谭ɾ
תšţ·һ㣬棬һֱתãɢ
ҶһֳδޣһЦ
û뵽ֻʮʱ䣬⸣ضҴﵽ˳ס
ӼֱˡǧԶĿɿڴðҡͷ̾һʵ˵ԽԽ˼ҡʦˡ
磬ϲޱһϲ˹һ½Ҷ㱧סҾ֪¶һ޶Ĵţʥ֮һдջģ
㣬ģҶͥܵܣޱ˸ȣȴչҲɣֻһĴֵָΪҶΪ
ô佱ȥұҪԴ÷ȥˡҶҡͷһЦҲֱ֪ܾܲʥ
ʥȥȴô죿ޱʼЦЦЦţɫȴѿ۾Ҳɷ⡣ʱǶȥǡ
˵ţȻҪ˳
ҶͥһҲü룺⵹ȷʵһͷʹ¡
֮ʥ߷֮νǣ֪ΪһλʥˣҲ֮ǰֻĴ˵ȴӡħ֮¶ѷ֪˵ȴѲű߼ʣ˶ȷǰǷһλʥ˷ʥ
ȥʥ˶һһܴﵽʥ֮ɣ
뵽Ҷͥҡͷ̾˿
ʲôҶ㿴ޱҲоһ˿ǡὫޱ§ס㷢˵Ҳֻһ׶ѡҲĲŮֻҪһŬһұɣʱһ̤ʥ򣬲Ǹã
ģޱڳһ˿Цݡ
ġҶ˵ҵʮ֮ʮ׻ԶҾһͣ㡣ҲڱʮʿǿˣֻҪάʮ֮ٲͲʥʱݺ޵ֵҪҲãҲãҲã¶ǼΪסʱǶʮ׾磬һ۵һ𣡡
ãޱصͷȥᡣ
ҶͥһԶͯŮЦ
ȴһ˿ǣ
ʮףô״ﵽģţԴﵽһأ
ʱҪ㣿
ˣȥˣֻҪ󲻶Ŭʼƴ׷Ĳǣ̫ܲԶͺá


233 ѩӰ
ڼΪҶĽԸпʱһҵϢͻȻӿ𣬼˾ȵתͷȥȴѩӰԶһֱͦӣȫڣ۾ѾȫΪʮ̧ۣͷһХ
ǳХУϵҵضͻȻ仯һռȥֱײڶ֮ϣӿ
ѩӰҲˣҶͥһ
֮ǰֻԪ𣿡ޱҲĵɻ󣬡ôֱ˳
ûע⵽ʱѾ⸣ض֮ƾ⼸ּͻƼ޽볬ɡҶš
Χ˹ȥѩӰϵϢޱһ¹ȥסѩӰǵͷѩӰԹԣ˲𣡾ȻҲԽǵʵ͸ǿ
ǧЩص˵ͷ㣬ޱͥټѩӰһ߾Ĵ󳬷֡ӰšˮľɽǵĹϵͬһ㣬˵ܵĻ飬󳬷֣Ǿ͵󳬷ֱ֣һСˣ
ֻʵɡҶ㻺ҡͷȻڶ࣬ȱѹķĳ߽ס
㲻ǣޱЦ˵
ǽ˷֮Ҷ˵ʮ֮࣬Ҫܺ绽꣬˲ǣҲҪﵽϰɡ
档ǧЦ˵ɡ㿴ʦңﵽƾ۷Ѿˡ˵Ǽֱһ㣬ǻʲôģ
ǰҲҪͰޱ˵ѩӰԪˣͲܰٳ߸ͷһ
ôܺȣǧҡͷһЦ㿴۾Ǳ׼ʮۣעлʥΪʥ޵ĴڡҲһͨ˶ѡ
˵ţָҶޱ㡢㣬ѩӰȣǲòһ㡣
Ŭô֪أޱ˵
ǲùңҵ⡣ǧЦŰ֡
˼ڸضֹ˰ºҶ㷢ԼȻȴΪоضٲԹӦԼޱҶͥŸض֮ȫ֮ҲҶһ㣬оøΪ
Ҫﵽһף¾ޱҲҪһʱ䡣
ȴڴ˳һ£뿪ˡ
ǧڸض֮УһʮĸȻûһ󣬵ҲƳʮСƿĸۣ֮ǰʣµСƿһʮСƿĸۣ൱㡣
֮⣬ǧڶҵϡݣеܸеҽˣеٶе١ЩҶ˵ôֻ֮УȴһǼֵǵı
ǧȻƵȫƳɵƵҲ
ʲô㣿ҶͥҶ㡣
ȻԪءҶ˵ǸԪӦ壬ֻºܿܲ³ҵݡֻǻҲڶԪ֡
áҶͥͷҳ˳ĸ֣ɽǵĿϷ͸ȹˡǱòô֣ұ㽫үү½ɵɣͻƼ޴ﵽôǵʵʱԪӦ˻¦ǣǾͶˡ
áҶһͷ¾ͽ簲ˡһض죬ҲҪ˿أȥǲһפɡ
ǵʥأҶͥЦˣҲд⣡
Щ˲õĳһɻǴңԼʥءޱ˵ǾȻҲӵһһ㡣
ԪӦ򲻿ʹǿҶֶҶͥʵǳף⣬ǶǶ֡
סҶͥͷ
˸ض죬һ·űȥһ·£ոϵ˶ɽ
һͬɽڿѲһһ˵֪ҶףޱףҶͥȻҲȵòˡҶϵˣض֮¸֮˲ɶ˷
ڴһţЩȥЩ˴ϹȥפأЩҶͥضɽҶͥ˵ƺ¥Ǳ֪ͨɭˣ֮ض֮Ҷޱǧ뿪һصԪС
Ԫط棬ȴûгκ¡ԪӦһƽúܣʱûа֧ӹɧţسǵıǸоееûˡ
Ҷ㶣˲ɴ⣬вǸԪӦˣ֪ΪһȥϢȴǡ
֪䣬Ȼҹ˸ؾϢҶ㾲Уϸı仯
ִʱսҲãӰҲãʹ֮ʱԼȴܾṩԼû֮ǰǿϸ˼ޣҲԼĽ׻֮ʱǾֻһķ㣬Լṩ缶ɱǿߵˡ
ʱһоͶҪԼŬˡ
š
ʱһ˿ײȴҶĸйʱ׽춯ƿŻԺ⣬˵ѣһɣҶĳϺõ裬ֻǷս
ȻǳУƽʱ̸ֻѪ⣬ֵطȴӦһ衣
һţһԺһӰ֮л˳Ҷǰ΢΢֣ĩ־𣬲μƽԪ
Ȼ־
㣿ҶЩԾ´־ֻϢȣ̬ȴݣһû˴ǰԼ֮ʱĸĸо
ˣ֮Ȼǳѵ֮ϣ
ܣӦʲôǿʵʹ޷
ҷ֮Ԫذá־˵үƽԪΪһʱ֮ȴ˷
ǻҪлˡҶ㵭ԡʵֻҪԪӦ˹ʹʲôֶԪر㲻¡
ССԪӦĸֲôˣкο£־˵ǸٶĺôҲ㣬һСģүĵλҪҡ
ɱңҶЦˣǻǰ
ҰΣΪһʤң־ĿˮȴκθС
Ҷ㵹һּɵΪף˵־ľȶѲ֮ǰܼš
ȻɱңӦֱӶ֡Ҷ˵οЩ
ΪҼоɱ㡣־Ҷ˵ҪȶģʧȥȻͼһɹڿľɽֻκ˶޷֮ҡ
ô׼ˣҶʡ
־һͷҲԴ̿͵ݴɱ㣬һʿսʤܣ޹أֻҶ˼ĶԹ˶ϡ
統֮ʱֳҼƸ񣬸ɱֵܡҶ˵𣬱ص
ҵб¾ȥû£ֻ¾Ҫһˡ־Ҷ


234 ʥս
ףҶע־𣬸ӦϹſϢ΢΢һ䣬˽⵽־ʵǿ
־𻺻ͷҲ֪˼ףҾȻǳν㶼עҪܡ
˵ţϾȻʮѵõظֳһĨЦݡЦݹΣϢҶ
Ҳһɲ֮䣬һͻȻ۳ƥҲƵĽ⣬ֱ־ŴֱҶȥ
ƵȣȻ۳һȴķ·һ޴һ㣬ֱӽҶԭأʹ޷ж
һӰ·˲̱һκһһ㣬һ޷ܿĸо
־һЦҶһһ˿ֻ»Եֵͻһ
δ֮ǰҶѾȶֱץսᵲǰħߣսһȫƵǾ޴ս·һ泤ܣֱǰסҶҪסһɫ⡣

һ֮УսײҶʹ֮£ȻҲǱײĺֱ΢΢顣
֮ս֮ϣȻִ٣ҲӡȻ׻ⳬϹһ˽Σ֪
ҶһȥϹ⣬֪־ĵơ
ʥ֮
û뵽㾹ȻҲʶ־𻺻̧֣һϹƣһϽСҶ㣬ıȻҲʥ˻ӡϧ֪ˣұӦԶֽնɱδ֮ǰȴԼ˴
Ҳѹ֮졣Ҷ΢΢ͷһЦ˵㲻ʥ˵㣬ȴûʲôֵó޵ĵط㲻ðˡ
ѵ㲻ã־ľ䣬ŭ
ҵԴҵҶ΢Ц
ǵΪǱߣʥ֮λѡΪħʹоŻߣʥθͬħ֮
ҶȴԴţ
ôĿ־һͻȻ̧ȭϣɫ֮ӰƮ裻ȭϣһӡ֮Ӱֶ˲ʵޱȣȴǺӡ
˲䣬ֵϽΪǽӡ֮ϣʱ֮Ͻ֮ɫ־һ̱Կ͸·ۣ޷ֱӡ
ӡȭ
һȭҶֱȭǰϽӡʱâһϽɫ֡
ա֣Ųɱݻٵļӭ
ᡱ֣ŲָƲɶϾն֮ϵԷ
ա֣޵Ļ
η֣˳׾ĸ
֣һҶ뽫֮ȥǵҪǿҪмᶨ㵲סһȭ֮ȴҲսһȭ֮͸飬־
һȭҶͷ̾䲻ǵһУֱսһе˳
УҶٲдһ½ʥȡԭҰħ֮ħ缤֮һһ֣ʱڿпٵ۳һֻ֣ǰץȥ
־޴ޱȣһܽ˼һĴһſֱʱ֮УǺ֣㲻ֵһץ
ֻһץеֱ㶼Ǿ֮Сھײȴ֮ͬеСһ㣬ͽͺ
ƣҶһսǾֱʱһ󣬽еȫ󱬡
ٽһתҶĿһ֮䣬һ־˹ȥһ۳ɵĴ֣ʱſƣǵһ־˹ȥ
㱳ȻҲʥ˻ӣ־Ŀһ͸˷֮ɫȴ·ǿ൱־һսսһ㡣Ģֲ֮́䣬һȭǱϽ֮ɫӡʱſдһɫ
˲ھ룬ʱҵһ𣬾Ȼٲ·ֺ
һ˲ͻȻΪĹ֮žѹ֮һ±㽫ִƣϹⲢ͸ַգɢΪϹ֮žڲ룬·ҧ˵ļһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢ü̧֮䣬ʥӿһϹ⣬еľʱɢϹ⽣ľص֮ϡ
ʱ־ȴ̤ɫ⣬жˮһ˳һת۾Ҷ棬ŵ֮䣬ӡһϽҶ̶ֱ
־֮䣬ҶȴҲԵʥһ÷һӣһֻħ֮צƾնϷħ֮צɫϵĻҲΪס
צſȴޱȣһ±ץ־𳤽֮ϣסƣҶˣ
־һתϽʱǱħ֮צȻֱӾͱʳƬɢڿС
ս⿪Ͻ֮ҶѾ͵һȭһϡϵѪ˼ȴȫɫŹʥֱ֮֮־
Ȼǵˣ־̲סͷһȫ˿ͬʱϽתȴγһɫ磬һסУϵؽʻţɲ֮䵲סһҲ־ȫˡ
漴һ͵һɫͬھ
ҶĽûеΪֹɲ֮䣬һֻɫħѷնŸովȵ־³һö顣һöϵףӵħ֮ʥ֮һӹ־־ĿΪ֮һ
һ㣡־һ͵ǰɳеϹ֮ҫ۵Ĺâһȥųһ⣬ֱӴ֮ڣǿӡ
Ȼ֮Уɫҷţ־ȴһ㱡ԱըĴԽͦҶ̶ֱȥ
ǰһʣּһöִ֮䣬æӽ̡һöȴ·һ㣬ӭĽֱֱײͻȻͣڿС
ţһöһö鼲ɶȴײ壬ǻֱСת䡢ȦؿΧ
һö飬г·ȫ
ãһ˿壬Ҫɱ
ʱԶҶȴһЦؽһաʱöһը޴ܼΧΧǽ뷿ᾡݻ٣
֮䣬춯صһ죬ԶԶʮ֮⣬ԭɽּ޾̣ǧ
һлʥ֮ը𣿡ҶԶ̳Ʈɢķ룬ˣ־ҲȷʵҶֵʸˡ
ҵȻʸ񣡡
һЩ̳Ʈϴ
͸̳Լ֮䣬ԿһɫΧһƬ潹·Բ֮أȴ


235 Ŧ֮
һת̳־𾲾һƬõ֮ϣһ۳ɽС
ýҶ㿴Ľͷ
Ҳ־һұΪõʥ˴޷ɱ㣬սʤһѩǰܣȴջֻܱҲãɼҵĶ־ܼ
ΪһĻ᣿Ҷ΢΢ҡͷҵĵ̫ˣ˵壬¦ʥֵ֧ȴܶ顣
Ҫɱң־ҡҡͷǲ֮١ĵ̣˶ڣޱǿߡ
˵ţԶһٵΧǽޱЦһǺ˳Ӧұ綯֮ʣֲġ
ֶΣñ𣿡־ʡ
ƽս֮ʱȻʹֶΡޱ˵ǵУ¦ǵ߹ҪˡԸ㣬ʹʲôֶζ֡Һ綼νġӡǲظ
ôǡ¡ˡ־Ƭ̣˵ͷٶ֣ҲڰеҲְɣ
ȻޱЦŵ˵ͷ
ΧϢںڰ֮УΪϢ̫࣬Ҳϸ΢ĲԪеĽǡڷս֮󣬱ڵһʱ˹ʱȴֻǾڰУȴҶ
ֻһˣɱҵġ־Ҷе塣ʹһҲɱҡЩһӵϣһ
ûޱЦ˵
߰ɡҶȴͻȻҡͷһ̾
磿ޱȵؿҶ㣬֪ΪҪ־
Ĵˡ־ѵõЦЦ֪ȻܻɱңЩһҲ˲ءΪЩˣɱҵûᣬ޴ȲƱ㲢ʺϳΪǵ䡣
Ҽǵ㲻ֆµˡҶ˵
ȴƫƫㆪ¼䡣־һࡣҶ㣬֪ѾڴҵıԵ𣿷ڤΪԭµһǿذ䣬ȴʵҰޱߣҪõĿɲǡµһǿͷۼǣ˼ʣ޹ҲѾĥ׼·ڤµģԪӦһȻӿԪӦѾҪأ񹦴ɣһͳԭֻ¡ԪӦҽҪԸһˣ㡣
Ҷ㣬۲Ҷı仯κ󻺻˵Ӣ۲ȻڱϿһЩѼĴǿߣﵽʿҲˣʵϣȴиΪͻƶ٣˽Բ֪Щ˵سˡҶ㣬ǿΣ
˵ţȴͻȻһԾϽʱϹγһ֧СۣԶ缲ʻȥת۲Ӱ
Ҷ㲢ûг
죬Ϊβ֣ʱһڽһ԰˳ҶߣԶ־ʧʡ
ǵǵİΣޱ˵
ֻˡҶ˵Ͼǳ͢߹٣ݣԵ޹ʽɱ¦ǱȻⷢӡ
Ѿݣһλҡͷ˵
ɱǳ£ȴһʱҶһЦ˵ҲҶЩġƲ´ҽԪӦǱߣԪӦôڤĶ֮Ҫˡ
¦ԪӦᣬҷڤʵôԪӦ޺˵
ҸоԲ¦ǵĶ֡Ҷ˵֮£ꡣʥϣҲһһ𣿡
Ҳԡͷ
ܷԪӦ֮ʣҪǿҶ˵ֻԼʵ֮д
ǣһ˵ͷǡ
һսҶľľʮּأؽҲѡ¹¾ӱѾһ˰ｫҶ㽫·Ʒʱа¾ӣæţȴͻȻ˵ŦһλԪӦ
ǵɡҶһ˼ңһһѾúüҾߵĲ֮С
ʱŦһλ߽һ棬߾͹ǰԪӦҶΰݣŦϳŦݼҶү
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦƽԪڷڤޱȣԪӦ˵ȴŴ̶ҲΪʹֳƺ
̫ˡҶһ̧֣ħƣ˷˹ش׶˵ҶүŦ֧֮£ѾǶбڶǿռĲݳ´˴峤֮ҶүŦͣԱл⡣
ŦϷʲôҪҪҹȥæ𣿡Ҷ֪Ŧ޾ԪӦƶδ֮ʣԼ͡
˵öҶȦ˵ŦҡҡͷҶ˵ʵġԪӦƲȣԪӦԸٲȡߣʼֶͳΡ嶼Ӧ˲ǰѩϡԪӦλִĽĦжȥѩһֱĽĦĻޣҲˣĽĦҲѩϴе⡣ѩϵһº֣Ա㽨ɼɵˣͼԿԱ
ŦҲѾˡŦ˵ŦС壬Ȼڶ΢Ҳѩϴаæſռڶ֮ءӦģҲ֮УӦѩһͬԿҡ֮Сǲ뵽
Ҷ㻺ͷ
һҵԪӦҶڼģҼƽ˸ȨңؼԿڤ
һԪӦҲ£ꡢԪӦͬʱֻ·ڤҪʱܿģ¦֮ϲ㣬ֻǷڤա
Ϊ˷ڤΪ°գҶҲԪӦøҡ
áҶŦһЦʵһʼӦżɽֱ˵ŦѺˣ֮ʣвæĵҽ߹ط֮°źã
лҶүŦһæʩ
ŦŦȥϢҶʱҪޱԪظ죬˽һ
ԪӦҲݣȻǺ¡ʺΤͷǣүֻԪӦð֮¡ҪȻǴϴɣ
ɡҶҡͷǷڤٷжұԪӦӣҪ¡
үѾﵽףޱСҲǳףԪӦȥһλֺ֡˵һ֣Ҳסүɡ
ûͷ΢Ц򲻹ҲܵˡǴϴҹʱһ㣬Ҫ˼ǣţáֻǡүҪСĲǡ
Ҳڼ䣬Сķ߹βʧҶһͷ
ڷ֮ºҶޱŦŦ뿪Ԫأһ·ԪӦڲȥ


236 ɱ
ɽ֮ͦ䣬·һĽ
ɽȣȴƸ֮µ
ΩƲ㣬ֱ֮У·ҪŸߴֱ֮ͦ
ʱǽһķ嶥¦
Ȼ䣬ͻȻۣ͵ԭվһɲǼ䣬һһ´򿪣ľɫ֣һڼ
һز͸Ƥ֮УļںΪһ塣һĿֱ߸ߵգԼȫû
֮еƤʹ˱һɫΡֹãеɫ壬ָֻԭò
ֻǴ˼ʣҪ˵ˣϴ·Ҳֳһֳ׵
һӭ·£˼֮
̧֣գս·һ˲䱻յһ㡣
ͻȻӿΧתݣγһ޴硣
һɢ֮УǷȫɫ֮ʱٿĶ
Ϊ·ѾʵΪһɽ塣
¦Цţָ̧ϣһöʥҫ͵Ĺâϵһ´֮С
һ󶯵֮䣬һ罥ز˱仯ȻʼΪһɫΡԽԽʵձ仯һʿݵ¦ǰĿС
Ҷ㣬Ҫл㡣¦ʿ¶Цݡ
ޱ߳裬һʶԼȶľ͸ٴʥ֮ɹֽһʥҶ㣬úõҰɣ֮󣬵ʥ߻ȫɣھ͵ˣ
һЦ嶥˳ȥص֮䡣
ͬһƬ֮µҶ㣬˼ȴѾԪӦ֮أԭ
ޱ˪ӰԣŦŦȻҲõԣѩӰ˪Ӱȣȴ˲һ㣬ѩӰ˪Ӱ֮£ʱԶԶں棬һС㡣
ǵȵǰɡޱ˷ɳ֮˺󣬻ͷȻЦŶҶ˵
ҲáҶһͷʱ磬׽ֻҰ˳԰ɡ
һѩӰѩӰ֪طٶȣ˪ӰѩӰٶȽԼҲ£Ųͣ¡
˪ӰѩӰദʱԽԽʱѩӰȫָ֮αۣ˪ӰҲΪ壬档
һһʳȥԣҶޱڲݵѰҰáǵĸй٣ȴҰ޻Ҫǿ׵ر㷢˼öҶޱͬʱ֣һСħ붴нҰãһù㺮ŮƮ̽붴󣬸Զջ
˼˻ѣҰðƤˣտԨʯ籸ŵǥӴˣϿޱ֮ǰдѧ˳ձ£ҰζһֶΣҶտԨʯռиֵϺ͹һӦȫʮַ㣬ޱȻζˡ
ţԶȴһ֧ӡϵĺӶƽ磬ƥ֮Ͼ̰ǹ·̶ӡһԶͷȴǷڤ˵Ĵ磬̲ס̾㰡λܷǼֻãòԭϵȵ㻻
ƾͲˡޱһ֣ǺȲǲԭ̾ơԸԣһֻٶҪͱǸˡ
һֻҲá˼æͷкóˮΧһ
Ҳܰ׳˹ġһվѰһȦ󣬾ȻҲҵһӶĳˣʱӳʷȴʱһһˣŹ͸ޱ
һ԰ɡҶһЦһȺֳ֡ɵӣֳɵĻȴٷ͡
ǾͶлˡЩ˵Ҳˬ죬ʱΧ˹ŰֻӰˣޱƣֽԼĸˮָҶޱһԺ
ˣȴ￴ƥҲҶˣ֣һ԰ɡ
ȳԣǿͻУԼʮΪЦ
ҶҡͷһЦ˹ȥһָЩϵĻŵùȽܣΣ
ܣΪһʲô˼
ҶһЦͻȻһ̧֣ʱббȭħ˫ƾճֱ֣ӽһƥƥϵĻץһ㶪տԨʯռ֮С
ֶΣΪ¶һĨ⣬΢΢ͷ
Ҳһɲ֮䣬ȴͻȻͬʱÿ߶ʱһλʥֳŷޱȵĳͬʱҶ㿳
ͬ磬Ҷе·ȫٻҪһͬҶԨ
ٻһĵ⣬Ҷȴɫ䣬ϴһĨЦ⣬ͻȻһȭ档
ȭ
һȭڵϣǺʵĲݵʱȻѣѺӣҲҵ֮УҲ޷ƽ⣬ֱӾһͬʱڵأǷųȴֱ֮ӻУʱ֮
ֻһվԭأǱλΪߡʱųһ⣬˳סΣſԼǰĵʥһգǵʥʱΪ۶ΪһС
һǰͦҶźݺݴȥ
صüáҶһͷҼƭΪֻһλƾʿʹȫһ㾹ȻǾ繮˵ĳһס
˵ţҲһ֮䣬ǯסɵĳͷ֮Ӱȴħ֮ףҧסǳ
Ϊʹ˼ȴʼ޷ǿڶ£̾˿ɿ֡
泯Ҷ㹪ʩ
ԶޱҲһֻۣǾ˸տõһֻҰá
ΧЩӵĳԱεؿȴ˼ȥӡ
ŰɡޱõҰöǴŷڤ˷װˡһͿǲͷˡǸĸصãȻ綼ûǳʲô򣿡
㲻ɱǣӹӵ˿ޱʡ
ΪʲôɱǣޱЦˡ
翴ǵˣʱǳ̲סǰҶ㡣
Ҷ㵭һЦһħޱǱȥ߱˵ԪӦ˵ĵ̣ԪӦҪɱңǸ֣ҲػǴַȻʵĹһαװɱɵҶĳһ˫Կһα۾ɣ߳Աİɡ
㲻ʲôˣΪ׷̲סҶ㡣
ԣ̽ҵġҶһЦ
̲ס˵ͷ˴ĴָҶүѩϵĳԱŦ֮˰죬ȴĲƽԪԡ
Ҷ㵭Цţ̧ͷ󷽣ֻ̳ԶȴŦŦ׷ˡ
һ³Զɡ˵


237 ԪӦ
ŦϵЩˣŦΪгϣȴϵǳʿ
峤ϣһŦһԾˣȻæּ
ŦϡΪһЦŦ
λʶҶ㿴Ŧô鷳Ϊҽһ°ɡ
ҶүλѩϵĴϣѩ塣ŦæΪҶܡôѾһˣȴʶ
ѩ˰֣˵ʵǲ˼
Ŧ㶵ؿŶˣȻ֪ѩ̽жҶҲΪ⣬ֻһЦ峤Ҫһҵ֣һͻȻϮã˫ûˡ
ȴԲˡѩЦҡͷҶүȻţѹү֮λҪ֪ڤҲֻгʱڰ
峤ϡŦЦõ̾ϢһҪ̽ҶүʵȺ˵һȻ԰Ҷүд裬͵Ϯ˫һˣð
λǣѩЦŵ˵ͷŦʱӦƾʵŦ֮УܴﵽʵߣֻԵߵĴˣȴɷʡ
ŦŦ֪ѩϵĴϣҵǰһȭŦһԱָңΪ¡
Ŧ֪㣬ҶүŦˡѩ¶֮ɫ˵ֻһʥ伶ʿô
ʱնˣܶҲࡣŦһЦԲ֪֮䣬ʹﵽƾ
ѩ循ȵؿҶ㣬ʵڸ㲻ŦϽ˲ûжõˣôһͨʥ伶ʿôʱڱƾʿҾ繮̡
ŦֵܵʵڵδҲǴ´ˡŦʱССŦһƨ
ŦϲС壬峤Ҳƾѣ³һԪʱŦﵽƾһʵȴڳ֮ϣȻڲûʲôݵλʱκһϼֻŵ̬Ӵ
ֻҪܸߣ֮㹻ˡŦһЦ
ҶүѩٴҶ㱧ȭ̬ȼǹٴүˡү¡˴֮¹شһþ֮үʵ̫ˣᵽ̲סΪүһ£ֻǱĴ档
ôأޱʡ
̫顣ѩҡͷһ̾ҶүˣȴǱȴԻҪ棡
ŦŦͬʱЦֱ֮ԱŦԲ˵ѾԼҶˣȻҶΪ٣ҶŦһѣŦϼѩϵ֮УɽҶ̧֮ߵλŦȻҲҶΪԼˡ
һ䣬Ҷүǳ𣿡ѩ̽ʡ׾ֻ֪үʵԶ£ȴж
ҶѾǶˣôǶףޱЦŽӹ˻ͷ
⡭ѩʱɴ۾ޱǡǳף
ޱͷҲ֮²ܴﵽġ
ѩ忴Ҷ㣬ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǳסŦ˵
ףŦҲһһߵõϢֻ֪ҶѾʱֲԶŦżʯصŦʱҲδҶ֮¡ʱŦ֪ҶʵȻҲžȲѡ
ˣҲܷϵѩһ˼ˣɵ˵ͷʢ˵Ǳɱ˼ҶүʱӰ֮һͬɱİɣ
ŲءޱһƲ졣
Ҷȴһ֣ڳжڳ˵ڿ֮֡
ޱʱ˼ѩҲãŦҲã˵ҲԪӦˡ˫ѣպ˵еһ졣Լܣ֪Ϊá
ԪӦҶ֮ԣȴΪȻ±ѩһ㡣ҶԼϣҲֻǲ²⣬ȴ޷϶¾Ρ
˵˵ԪӦǱߵɡҶ㽫ޱָˣŸһ߳ԣһʡֻ֪ԪӦ֮壬Ӧ󳬷֡ڶѾû䣬Ӧֻʣ˰ɣ
Ӱѩȸ̾һ˵ԪӦ壬ڶȻû䣬Ŧȴ𡣲ˣ½ȴǳ֮⣬а˴壬λ֡
Ŧ峤ҲˣҶʱŦҲ˳֣ɶݡ
ǡŦһĽæͷļʯ峤Ϊһֱѩϰǽڶϻܣ䱦֮ҵһöϽ𵤡峤Ѿﵽƾ۷壬ֻһֽľܲ볬Ͻ𵤹ͨʥ֮֮ڽɹ
ϲҶͷһЦ
˰˴֮⣬ԪӦмʮСȵС塣ѩ˵ǿȴǿĽĦһ塣ĽĦһ壬ԪӦĽĦ֮⣬λĸ֣λӣһλ壬ʵԪӦѹˡһֱ֮ѰͻƣϢ˵ܿƹضʱһ֮ѹԪӦ˴Ҳпܡ
ôޱȻ
ǡѩͷǹǿڣԷڤ֮ǿʹԪӦ
ҶһЦÿɷ
ڤԪӦֻ֣ηԪӦҪԭ¦ԪӦѣǱΪһ
˴УսɣҲɡѩ˵ѩϣΪϴңһֱΪĽĦɵȻɡ
峤ϵ˼ǡѩȨزڤս£Ҷʱһ䡣
Ȼѩһͷ֮£̸ʲôȨֻԱѡĽĦأµһҪɱӺģѩϡѩΪԱֻԭе֧ϣĴеŦϡϣһĴ塣ͬʱʮС壬γ˴ˡΪȡʲôֻΪʹҼɵֶѡ
Ĵ壬жٳ֣Ҷʡ
ѩ峤ˡѩش𣬡֧ˣŦϺ;ϸһˣһλǿҶү룬Ǳоλǿߡ
ȷʵû˸ǡޱ˵ͷԪӦǿҲҪ˼еġ
ô壬أҶʡ
֮⣬ǿϸϡѩ˵гǿˣսɣ֧ңƷȡ֮֮⣻һϣҡ˵ϺǾϣȴƺǽ֮⡣
֮ǰֻ˵ԪӦ󳬷֣ôһ˵ȴʮλ֮ˣޱЩȡ
ʵɾ¶ѩһЦԪӦֻǸи֪Ƿڤε֪ҶүǵѣҲ˵Щ顣˵Ƿڤֻ͢ʮλǿߣʵϲǻ೬һɴЩУеĲҲزΪ֪ĸ𣿡
ʵ˵ʵвٳ֣ҲֻŽɹģҲ֪Ϊʲô·⼸ǳּɵһ㡣ѩ˶ٺ˵һλѩ壬Ѿʮ꣬ΪȴͻȻͻƼޡ˵ĴλҲˡ˵ǷڤǱ߲ҲĳɣҶү
Ҷ΢΢ͷȴ˼֮С
ڤԪӦӿֳµĳֱ֣񳬷ͻȻɴײһʲôܣ
Ƿʥ֮ٵۼйأ


238 ѩ
ѩһ̸ʹҶԪӦ֮һ˽һӣٴγ˴һ·£Ŧϵ
ҶһбʱдӭӣŦŦӭһҶ㹰ֵأϲҶүڤֻн֮йҶүȴ֮շĵһˣҫǧˡ
Ҷ㻹һЦȴֵص¡
ŦҡͷһЦǽҵõһöϽ𵤣֮ұƾ۷ͣ˶꣬ļʯܽҽѡ
˵ţޱ񣬼ѩ壬ȴһ
峤ôȴҶүߵһȥˣʡ
ѩҡͷһЦǷ̽ҶүʵǳȴҶү絽˳֮΢ĩŪʵǲ
Ŧ޲ɴоȣٹ۲ޱԼȻǳҲ޷ʱɸ𾪡
Ͼһ֮沢ɫֻǽйһλˣߵ˼䡣ʱڣŦһûһغҶ·ϾҶ㵭һЦȴףÿ»дӭԼˡ
Ȼ֮˴ӵ֮´󲽶һǰһǰʮ꣬һ멣ò䣬ȴѾʮ꣬׳ţȽ
ԼϢȴǳĸ֡ϢҶֱǳһ׸սãδọ̈̄ϢɽҶоֻԼ֮ϣԼ֮¡
ħ֮΢΢һҶȴѾǳĽ׵ǿߡ
˸ӦҶĿ⣬Ҳ΢΢һ漴ȭ΢Ц񣺡λµķڤҶүɣ
Ҷ㻹һЦҶ㡣
һ¡Ŧ޼æҶˣλѩѩɡҶү˴ǰĿģҲŦϣѩ峤˵˰ɣҲĴԲŻ𽵹ƫƧС֮УֻΪӭҶү١
Ҷ΢΢ͷˡ
ѩɰ˰֣˵ȴǲΪԼǳĽ׵ݣҶүȻǷڤ½ĳףʵȴ̫࣬ΪߣȴԹûгӭӡǹʱ֪ͨҲ֪ԼǵǿߣҶүˡ
ôֱˬ˵˶øУҶҲһЦ֮Уˡ
ͬʱаѩҲǸ
Ҷүɴﵽףʵ漣ѩɳϿҵ˵һ˴뱲ӣȴδľšһʵҡ
ڤ֮ţҲһˡҶҡҡͷʥ¦һλ־಻곤꣬ȴҲﵽ˳Ҵ磬Ҳڲǰ⣬׾
˵һָޱǳס
һ֮ɶݡ
Ҷ㱾ǳףĸ羹ȻҲǳӾȻǳףһ֮Уλ֡ǿȫԱȼһЩСˡ
ѩޱһ֣˵µһŮޱ֮յüҡ
ޱ΢ЦŻȴΪҶһ׾̲סϲȴ΢΢졣Ͼûż޸Ҷ㣬Ҷƣٻǲ˼ȴְì飬һͿ
ͻȻ䣬ѩɵȴһ䣬Ŀֱ㶵ޱ󣬾ȵָ̧֣˪ӰһѩӰ
⡭ǣȻȴһ
˶һѩӰȴʲô쳣֮ƣѩɣҵ˵
ҶһЦҵѩӰֻΪ˾ţʵȴһֻǡҲѾﵽ˳
ԣȫɴ۾
üһӵҲͰˣȻǳ裡
һ㿴ҿ㣬ɶĲһѺ
ҶʵҪ̫ںðɣӶǳҲͰˣﾹȻҲǳǺεǿƣεҫ
Ҫ֪ǿޣ޲Ⱥɽ֮УǿҲ룬˵вǿΪˡҶϸ˲ɰ˼Ҷ㾿νǿΪأ
֮ǰҶ֮˽ߣȴ𺳡
Ŧ֪ҶһֻǣʵҲڣҲδǾȻɳΪȴܲе𺳡뵽ҶλҲֻͨˣôʱھͽŦȴҶֶһؾη
һǿѣȻ˿õģһԼҲһǿѣȴǰߴͬˡ
ʿ˵ˣˡ
ǻǵ˵ɡŦ޼æ˵ͷԸ˱¾磬ΪҶүӷ磡
룡ѩ𾪵ı飬һЦ䣬Ҷڶȥ
һʱϯ俪ʹ̸ֺ
Ҷڶȼ侴ѩһƺ󣬿żɽΪһ֮ǾߡҶĳҲӡҶĳ֮Ի֧ŦϣͬѩΪˣʵĿֻһǾǱڤİڤյƽ
סѩɵһЦЩ˵̫ȴ˸顣
Ҷ֮һЦ
֪ѩһԼ뷨ǾԪӦ˾ͿԱڤƽȻ֪Լ뷨ԸԼΪˣѩǸоΣղԶòգǻĴ㡣
ಢֻΪԱѩɵ˵֮ǰԪӦȨѩգĽĦʲôһССĿຮ֮ˡ˴Ȩһֱѹѩһ壬ƱǿҲˡĽĦ񹦽ɣֻȴҪ֣նͷȻҪлᣬһҪˣضλΪڤ޺ã˴ͨ黥Уʹܰҵ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
տڵĳȻţħ֮۲ǰ裬óѩɻвαڤ޺֮ġ
Ҷ㲻һ㣬ѩֽԪӦ֮ǿĽĦ档һǿкãܲһ֮ɱǿ߰ɣһ֮кãȴҪģմȨڤ֮ǿȴֲͬǲһ֮ʵǿĹΪУ֮١ջ;
üأҶ㲻ɵͷپһ
Ǻ󻰡ѩ̹ԣ֮ƣȴֻԱѡѩҲã֧ϡϺŦϣԼСҲã±ǿѹ뵽Žһġ
˵֮ǰδϵҶүʵȴֻ룬зڤԱǵˣȴӪǿڤڱ֧ǵļʹ˵׳ûзڤɽүѣҲ԰ԪӦˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҶĳڷڤ֮ڣҲв鷳¡ǴܷңҶĳҲʤм
Ȼѩ֣صͷм£ҪҶү¡һ֮ȴвүΪڤ˼УҪռݸλֻ»Ҫ
ˡҶ㵭ȻЦ


239 ˻
һע֮У첻һֱ磬ᡣ
һ֣֮Ϊѩǣͷġˡٿ˵һʽ˴ᣬص㶨֮Сѩ˾壺һѡڴƵ֮ڣʹϸ׽ܣбϾһǷڤˣϵҶ˹ϵģȴŦϡ
һ磬С֮СһԪӦȻ죬ҶȴǳѩŦÿλҶ㣬Щ˼λµġƽԪ󣬷Ӧһ
ز¶΢ЦҲֱӱֳ˲Ѻõ̬
ѩɿȴҲ⣬Ϊϵ¡
䣬˵ĴʮСȫ룬Ŧްڴ֮£ʽʼᡣ
λѩĿɨˣ˵ŽˣѲһ֮ˡգǱʽˣպиͬѹĽĦ˹أɾ񹦣ƴ಻ǡ
һλѮ߻ͷΪ֧ɽȣ֧ϵʱӦѩ֮ԣǿԪӦƶ˵ĽĦأͦĹ¡
Ҳʮ꣬Ż׳徵ϵͷ˵ĽĦչЩ䣬ԪӦ֮ûٸȨ£ĽĦһأһ֣ԽѹʹԪӦػ֮Сǳǰ綨Ӧԣȴ;
ʮСæŵͷ
ЩСǿŦ֮ǰ൱Ҳƾ̶ȣЩгǿĴ壬ҲֻеͷӦķݡ
ˣǱѪΪˡŦ˵ԴˣʮڤҶүиͬͬͬˣౣȫٲηʲôǿˡ
ʱ֧֧ɽԱ߰һλͷͻȻһüĿͶһֱޱһԣҶ㡣Ŧ˼λڤүҲҪǴˣ²װɡ
֧һλǿߣ֧硣
кβףŦʡ
Ȼס֧ЦǴԪӦ˵ˣΪҪһλڤү
糤ߡŦһЦĽĦжôǿ᲻ңŽһЩǿ׳˵ܹԱҶүǳǿߣ¸λǿߣǿƣǽãΪβΪѣ
ԲɶݣҶ㡣ҶʵǶţҲ֪Ҷ㱾ǿʱ˵Ҷ¾Ȼλǿߣȴ˲
ӵλǿߵζҪ£ˡ
Σ֧ȴҡͷŦѵλҶүͷƽԪߣǴ˳ϹϵֻҪȫԪӦ˵˰ɣ
ԪߣδرǡԪӦҶʱȻһЦԪгʼ֮⣬Ҫ֮⣬ƽԪ֮ţȡȴƽڳΪҪ֮⣬糤ȴˡ
Ҷү˵ĲѩɴʱͷλΣ֮ʣǾͲҪִ֮˰ɣ˵ҶүдһƪսߣľԪӦν˵ҪѺùϵ߾ŻУ޺áڴˣܿҶүԪӦ̬ȡ
Ŀɨˣ֧ͣɽϣ΢΢һЦλԪӦ򣬵ڤȣЩȴԵüªӣڤȣȴҰС塣
⻰һڣһȴü˵ڤµһǿȻ䣬ԪӦ˲֡λ롪ǿڣΪǲ仯Ϊ̣ȴҪΪУ
ԣ˼ͨеͷ
ѩɵĿ⣬ȴ֧ͣɽϡ
Ҷȴ˼֧ΪһϣڴʱɣȻ֧ɽ⡣֧Ļʵȴ֧ɽ˵ġ
ҪϷڤƺҲӦҶүɡ֧ɽȴʱڿڡڤǿߣ¦һˣҵĹϵּһ㣬Ҷ֣ض֧Ԯ֣ȷ治ʧô¦Ǳ⡭
ԲӡҶһЦȴǴ֧ɽȵĻ֧ɽɫһںδ
¦ǷڤҶɫһࡣڤ޲кڤ֣֮Ըʶ䣿¦Ȼƴ󣬵ղɳ־áҹʥѾãֻһʵĻᣬҪȥˣڤ֮ǿ֣׼¦һ̳ʱ¦һֻҲҪܵǣңȻԪӦֺ֣αǿȡ
һαǿȡȴ˶ɰеͷ
¦ǼȻѾҽĹϵֺα˽ˣʹԼҽ
ŵĶϼ֥顣
֧ɽɫüΪѿȻԾԼ˼ʧǰ֮ºһôҶүֱ֮Ҷүֻƣӹ˰ɣĴ󳬷֣ȷʵһɲСΪ𣿳ʮףҶүֵһף
ɽŦһЦҪ˵ҶʵҶȴվִĻ
ɽŲʵҶ㿴֧ɽȣһЦǲһΣ
˼֧ɽо䣬һվҶүԼʵšҵҲ뿴һµƽԪǸǷԹʵ
ҶѩһȭǴ˳ĺӣȷʵʡ˹̣˱һġɽʼնҶĳŲм֮ģֻպҪĦڴ˲޺ôˣͬǵı䡣
ôһ˵ȴѩɴг죬֧ɽȴзŭѡ
ѩϺ֧ϣԪӦԭĴ壬Ȼѩʵǿ֧ϣҲƽȵ壬˭ܹ˭⡣ҶʱҪ֧ɽȱ䣬ȴѩɣȴ˱ʾԼΪѩϲӦǴ˵ܣ֧Ӧ֮¡
ʵҲ˽ȻǿͳιЩֻǸղֱ˵˳֧ϵȻÿ
Ҷү˵ˣȴѩ΢΢һЦֻǱϾѣʱǲáǱ˵Ҫ㵽ֹֻʹ֮ҪЩɱķΣ
áҶһͷ
֧ɽȴ۷ź⣬Ҷѩͬʱ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ǹҪ֧ɽľŹѩʾ
ȻѣЩ˱ϾԪӦˣǵƣһͳһǿԪӦȴǷڤ֮ǵʱҶǿѹǻ˵һҶ٣ս
ˣҶҪڲ϶ʹǲһ顣
ͬʱҲҪչʾԼ֪ڤǿԼǿʹǲԼԷڤ֮ġ
⣬֧ɽһ֣ɽǵȥɡ
ͬʱĿɨˣһЦλ˭ԱʵĴɻһͬϱ
һڽԻȻ


240 һ
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼֧ɽ͸⡣
֧ɽȣһ֮׵ǿߡԼԶֽѵҶѾԽݣû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼһ֮սˡ
˼֧ҲվҶүһڣôšҵ뿴һҶүžģ
˵֮䣬Ѿ֧ɽԣ˵˳⣡ԼҲֲǣ
ϵ⣬ҲǺһ𣬳Ŧ˵ŦûȤҶү֣ȫǾǸᣬҺ͸·ѧС
⡭Ŧ޾㵵ؿҶ㣬ȫҶ㾿ʲô
һ֮÷սˣҶⲻ
ѩҲɻ󲻽⣬ޱֻϹŵ΢Цȴԥˡ
ѵҶаգڲ÷֮սʤ⼸ˣ
ܰɣô˵Ҷײã֧ɽȴʮǰͽ׵ǿߣ硢뾭飬ҪԶʤҶ㣬Ҷ㵥սһˣѾȡʤټ֧;⡭
ѩɲ΢΢ҡͷ
ŦҶүĺѣֻǲ˼ְɣ֧ɽЦһҶүһɡ
Ҳáһͷߵ֧ɽ֧ԡ
ֻλҶһͷã߰ɡ˵ţȥ
ߣ֧ɽһ֣һ
⡭Ŧû⣬ѩɡ
ؽޱЦŰ˰֣ߣһȥְɡ˵վȥ
һ˶к棬ʱ˳ȥ
Ŧް֮£˴һһӦ˵ȶߺ˽Χֹκ˽ӽαǴ£˫ǴеĳԱһ˿֪ãˣŦ޲СĽ
˫˳վҶ㸺ֶУһͷɡ
Ըһͷּ䣬һ泤Ȼ֣Ȼײһ
֧ҲͻȻһҰ֮⣬ϵļ䶯ȴȷŽ׳˼·仯˽ʿһ㡣
ǵҰ֮ԿĵһУľ
֧ɽˣԭݣͻȻ佡׳ȴ֧ı仯˸е𺳡
֧ϵϵһ޵ĶǾԳӵǿھ鶯쳣öԸŦ޼æޱ͡ҪҪҶү˵һ
ءޱҡҡͷǾűá
áŦ޵˵ͷȴǳǡѩĿҶ㣬һգգؿţֻҶ֮ʣҶǳ
ҶĿɨˣѾ˷ִ磬һЦ䣬ħӿ̧֣ɡ
Դۣ֧ɽһüҪ֣֧ȴʹ˸ɫ˵ǳٶֲ١
˵ţͻȻǰȥƶ֮䣬һУԻȴ˸оǿٶȴ
Ҷħ֮ȴһвǼͷһ񲻵ǿֻٶҲʲô
˼֮䣬ȴѾףӦǾԳһࡣ
Ҷүһֵ֧ЦţҶǰ˫ȭǰײƵĿ֮졣
롣Ҷ΢΢ͷ
֧һЦͻȻȴޱȣһֻȭͷ͵̧𣬴һҶ㵱غݺݴһȭ֮ǿզ࣬ٶ֮죬ȴ֮⡣
ԪӦһδ֧ߣ֪ԳٶȼߣҲ֪ٶȾȻԿ쵽ֵزֱҪӽˡھͬʱɾҶ»֧³Կ
ÿٶȡ
Ҷһվԭ΢΢ͷԱ΢ЦͻȻ䣬һֻȭնſǰȥһ±㽫֧ȭͷס
֧籾гҶ㲻֮֮⣬Ҷ˴ݵصԼһȭ΢΢ȻֻΪŦ޵֮ǰ㽫Լϸ͸¶Ҷ㣬ҲΪ⣬͵ȴϽȭǰƽͼǾƻơ
ԼѡΪУֹҲ֧ɽĿҶ㣬΢΢üž˵
ˣһͷͻȻǰһױƶ˲伲ǰת۾Ҷࡣһһޱ綾һҶĲ˹ȥ
һ𾢱ҶУƶ
ɽ֣ҶһޣȴΪĿ֧ɽȣǴݵЦ
Ц֧ɽȿ˼ǱŤ̲סһСҪ̫
֮УͻȻǰҶɱ
ʱǻ֮ѵǰҶȴ࿴һۣһ˦֮䣬һڱֱܶӻһֻħ֮צץ˹ȥһ½ǻ泤ץС
üһս˲ɾҶԾԾԻԻ氡ϾȻˣһĶ֮ȴרԷóԷǶţ
֧;ͬʱȴȫһһצ࿹һͻƾƣһצسޡǾצϷһ֧ȥһҪȫ࿹ȴǱͨ졣
һһȫֲͬҶһ¶ȴΪ֮۷
ڴʱ֧ɽȴѾǰ֧һˣļֶΣʱ鶯չ˳͵һԾʱ֮Уһֻ䵴ȥԳһ㣬һšһҶͷ
ԳǱɽƣ
УƴǧӰ·𻯳׹ǣڿҷһĹâεۣ˵зˡ
ȴסҶ̧ۣͷ죬ħ֮˿ǹâӰ죬ʱ˶ԷһƣУһȭ
ȭ
һħ𣬷·ײգһ±һײһײʱƵľ죬һۿɼȭƽ֮ٵΧɢ˲ӹʮɵľ롣
ڹսߣ޲Ӧһ󾢷紵߾ʱȥˤڵء
ѩɲĿһû뵽ҶͣʱộȻԺ֧ɽƴ൱
̲סǾӢţ˾ҵȷ˿֮ߣ½гʥĻᣡ˲ΪУΪѣ
Źâ˷֮ɫ
ڰнţ˭ܲܽ˭ˡҶ֧ɽһڵϣһڰգϼҪԷƷһʱȴ˭Ҳκ˭á
֧ɽֱʱоҪ֪ҶһѹλһǿߣһԼභŴƽֻ֣Լһأ
֧ɽȼֱ
ҶߣȴҲп֪


241 Ľ
֧ɽȵԲСӡ
Ҷᡣ
һþڳףѹ̲Ϸչǿߣһ޴вҶ㵥Եսڲʹսʥ£޷׽֮սʤολһ׵ĸҶ
⣬ȴҶ
Խ֮Ҷʱ޿̲ڼӽԼͻƣӶﵽ߲ΣܲЩǿߵ
ȴ̸סŬһ޵Ľޣǽһǽ֮⡣
һǽĻᶼûС
ʱȴһõĻᡣԼ֧ɽȣٷӦλһףЩΣգҪľΣա
ҪգҪ޵ս֮УԼΪԼϰٽ֮ͻƣѰѵõĻᡣ
ǱֻܱΪãͻƼޡ
ôѹٴһЩɣʱһᱬǿӳ޵Ǳ
Ŀˮ峺ֵΧȴѹת˶ڵħݣһɹɺƵֱħ֮ơħ֮צԼһȭħ
һ֮ˣΣʱܱվ֮УȴҲһ֮䲻ƴȫ֮סҲ־޴֮У̼ħٴη
ڣܵħı仯в͸â
ħڼţڷڵ˼㣬ͻȻתɿϣһ±忪ԭҰ֮һϰ˲䣬еħħ֮Ҳħħ֮սħȴͻȻķ
ǡ
Ҷ㲻΢΢һ漴뵽ħ伮мصģĽ֮ı仯
ﵽĽ֮󣬷ķµǷعطķһֽ˽Уѹ
ʵҶ֮ǰĥʥ֮ɳк󣬱Ѿգշ¦õӰɳʱյòȫȻɽɳɵСȴֻӰ壬ǽ޷쵽
ڣȴȫԴһɳֱӷ²һɳߣ
΢΢һЦϲ֮࣬ȫſ
һɲǼ䣬һħ۳ɢֱײϾƲ֮ϣ
ʲôڳȫˣѩɸ͵һǰƲסԼҪǰȥ
ôܣ
У֧ɽȱǳշԾغס֧;ֱӱ޴÷˳ȥˤڵϣǱ
˻æ֮еҶ㣬ɴ۾˵
ڴʱҶȴͻȻһ̧֣ʱɳһ½ȫУھ֮иչȫ࿹֧뾵ȴûȽչͱϰٱм£ķһϱһѪۣŵöٲҷֻƾ㽫Լס
֧ɽȴʧɫ֮䣬ȴǷȫЩ֮ȴԼȴʥ֮֮ǿ֧ɽҲԵֿȴΧȻδһ㱻סȴҲá
ʱΧ˶ѱޱҲһľȡҲʵ벻Ҷô̵ʱڣ֮ͻȻھ֮󣬸ȴϲ
֮һŽƽϢʧҶһϸֳЦݡһƬɳ΢΢һЦһ֣ɳһɢ١
֧ɽȴʱǱȻʧֱۻǲػӶ˼²ͣ£ֱˤϣΧûΧ
ҶǰľһȭλǱǸû뵽Ȼд֮ͻȻλ뱾һսʵź
˵Ҷ㣬ȴ˵
ֻǷһʯĽ֣ѾҶȻᣬȴѾ֧ɽ൱ĳǿߡҶڴʱͻȻףȴǴﵽ˸ߵĳĽס
һףһף֮ʱǴƽ֣ѾĽ׵˶֣ýźó
Ƿһн֮ķСҶٳû֣
֧ɽһ𾪣Ҷ㣬β˵ҶҶүǡǴﵽ˳Ľף
ǡҶ㻺ͷһЦȭɽˡ·ʧֱֻ˵ԼǳףֻȴΪЦҪŭԣҶıֻܳ²ߡȴ뾹Ȼ֮ʽף֮⡣
Ҷүţ֧ɽȱ˰Σȴֻ˵ôһ
Ķȴ˵һСȻͦʩɫǫ
һĳĽףһ˽֮ʱ׵ľ֮ţ˭ҵ˭Ը
λѩɴЦ˹ҶүʵΣλ˽⡣Ҷү֮£λɻ飿
ûС֧ɽȴͷҡҡͷ֧ʱ棬ھ֮Ҳһͷ
Ƕɵӣ֪Ҷλǿ߸ѩѾ˴֮λԼһǶֵ֮£һȻ֮١
ߣҲȷʵоҶǿ߼ˣǵİȫһֱϡ
ȻˣǾ׼ѪΪ˵ʽɡŦ˹΢Ц
ãһ˴žδı飬ŦŴöȥ
ޱߵҶߣס֣һǰߣ˵磬ҶŵˣȻڱ֮ʽףֱǡ
ҶѡҶЦս֣ԶС
ͬһƬ֮£ͬһƬ֮ϣʱȴһλƤۣͷƤñ׺ԪӦӣһѨ֮ڡ׺Ŀ⣬ֱֱ򶴿ڴ׺֮ȴҲһ˿η塣
Ҷڴ˵ϳڸض칥ԪӦ塣
ڣҧҧǰȥڣ߳һ߿˹סȥ·
ˣ¦ߵ߿͡
Ҫδȥ߿͹ʡ
㵽ҪҵʱԪӦʵ
Ҫ˵ô߿һЦǡءֻѡ
ǷڤӾͻˣЩõСԪӦ˷ŭսȭͷҪɱʱɱˣȻߣ
»ǲҪ嶯Ϊ߿ͻ˵Ѿ˵Ҽ˲ñ԰ꡣ
ƨԪӦ˲Ȼŭӿ̧֮㵱۳һ˫սĿ߿ͣɱ⡣
£ȻĶ֡߿һЦȫԷķŭһֻµµòʧ
ڴʱڴԼϹԪӦɫһ䣬һô裬ʹ죡
˵ţȴǴǰ
߿ɫһݣȴȥ
ϰǲ˿ˣǵÿ˶ŭ
ڴʱһʵ𣬽ţ¦ȴվڴԪӦһЦ
λѣɣΪУȴҪһʥܡ
΢Ц


242 λ
㣿ԪӦһ֮ʣȴһ¦һۣԪӦȴս
Ǻˣʡ
·ڤӣ¦¦һЦһ
ڤӣԪӦȻΣҲһ֡ĽĦԪӦӡ
֪¦˵ͷ
ȴòϣǷڤȻĽĦ¦ͻȻ̾һóǿߣΪݺ裬ȴȴ˷ڤ֮֡ңȴûֱӳֻ֣µһܽڴ˴ȴǲò
ˡ¦һ֣ǶڴʱϹ˸𣬻һʿ
ʿһĽĦɫһ䣬鲻Խһ¦Цһ֣ʿ㻯ΪһϽָ֮ڡ
˵ɡ¦ڶȥһ̺ӵĴʯ֮ϡĽĦƬ̣һʯϡ
߿ڶ֮⣬˰ѷ硣
˽ڴ˴Ǻ⣿ĽĦżɽһҲ¡
ڴ˴ѾһհգĵĲͷʵڴ򲻹ŵʿɱ߿ңԶȥˡ
ֻԪӦֶѡ¦һЦ
֣ĽĦЦȻֻ»ʸҲ¸֪ڤ¦ǣҸ֡ǷڤȨµĵһˣô㣿
Щ֪¦ͷţһ˵ֻ»ʱ֣ͬͬԸһеǰĵˣҵϷڤλ
ҲšĽĦҡͷ
£һ䡪ұȥȴʲô¦ͻȻͷһת
ȻȨĽĦһֻȥСӣǶƬ̣ʲô˼ҿģ
Ȩּʱ¦ʡҴҲ꣬Ƕʮʱһ֮ȨΣʮ󻹲ǴȥջΪ
㵽˵ʲôĽĦЩͷˡ
ұȵĿ꣬ѵʥ𣿡¦һЦ
⻹ϻĽĦЦʥ̸֮ףΪֹҲ˵ǰһλŮʥ˷ʥѣ֮ʥ˳ʥѾһ˵ˡ
˵¦ͷȷʵѾһʵֵΡȴֻҪŬҲδûбΪʵһ졣
ܲܿżɽֱ˵ĽĦ̲ס
ԪӦǿ֪չؿޣͻƽףΪһȴֻһճ͢ȨѧԪӦ¦ʡ
ô֪ĽĦҡͷ
ճдȨ֣һԳЧʥּ߳ϴ󳼽֮һΪȴҸʲǿϻλ¦ʡ
Ҳ˼ĽĦԼ¦˵һҪ£ȴĲ²͸
ʵҲãҲãҲãΪĶǼ򵥵Ȩ֡¦˵ǡǡԶȨĻᣬҲʥʥʹԼΪʥ˵Ļᣡ
Խ˵ȴԽͿˡĽĦü
ڷڤʳ֮ڣһãΪá¦˵﹩ŷڤȵӢ飬Ǽ֮ÿλʵۼʽоУҲڴͣգᡣ
ĽĦȴ˼ʣֻǿ¦Լ͡
Ϊڤ֮µһǿΪ˫ڳӢڶ࣬ʵȴȻ¦˵ڤ֮ԱΪµһǿΪ˷ʥܣܣǴá
ʲôؼ䣿ĽĦ˼ɴ󶯣Ȳʡ
¦ҡͷһЦһؼһ䡪ʵһ򵥵ļãϹ֮ʱһλʥķ
һþȻһĽĦһ
ҳʱҲһ¦˵飬ȴȷʵˡڤ֮ԱΪµһǿΪдڡֻԶˣ֮ȴ˴֮£ȥȴ˷ڤʵµһʵڤȴΪ˴òǿ󣬲ǡ
ҵûĽĦҡҡͷ
Բ˵꣬ʵ̫Ҵˡ¦̾һĸпڤֻ꣬ʱ⣬˵¡Ǳ֮ˣȴҲѾ֪֮ˡ
˵ĽĦȴ˺֮ģߴ
ڷڤ֮󣬱˹Ӣ֮أȴҳ̫үĺﲻ֪ԼŬ֮١¦˵ٶӢ˾٣Ų̶˼ȡֻܲƴʹڤµһǿ
ĽĦȻԸЩԿ֮ԣҲֻüҴ
¦ȴ⣬һЦڤȴˣԭǻʧһ֮¦л˵Ҳա˵ǡΪõĴڣ¦ǲŲֱӷҸȡ֮ȴҪ뾡һа취Ҹճλ͡
ΪΣĽĦ̲סʡ
ΪУȷʵȵӢ顣¦ɫ¦ЩӢʹܵõõƿȨԲŲòˡ
ôأĽĦü㸸ȨҲܵӢų⣿ɱ˵ҪǰԸ̫ӣϴλǿɵȲ𣡡
Ȼǡ¦΢΢һЦкһȴ¦ǲͬûʵȴҲòơа취ƭеӢ飬ʹΪҾľˣȴ¦һֻ̣ʱһֱӶȡã
͸˷ܵɫʥ˴ǳʥʥգܳ׹ͨʥ򣬻ʥ֮ҪʥҲûпܣ
áãĽĦҲɼʱ𡣡¦ֵܣܴӦõ˴úԪӦҷұ˵ҸϾ¦ǵĹϵȴһ
˵ġ¦ŶԷЦ
̫ˣĽĦЦţԭģлһҪʬΣʱȴ෴һˣұؽһĵʬΣ
¦ŶԷЦݸΪá
û뵽˹֮ˡ¦˵˫֮ҡֻǴ²ǳϦ֮ɣҪԪӦȫпܰ쵽Ϊʾҵĳ⣬ұԪӦһ
ʲôĽĦʵ
Ԫء¦ЦһԭԪӦ˵ţߣȴҶ֣֮˷ڤ߹ءԪӦһͺ޵˰ɣ
ĽĦ˵ͷֻǹʼշֲ̫ʱԸԪضѡ
֣ԪسΣ¦ЦʡǷڤӣҪ׾٣ʱҹ£дɱɾʣµЩСȻöԸֻҪԪӦﱼ۶رɾ֮֡ʱ´󹦣ԪӦ֪ˣֻ֮Ҳ˼ɣ
ĽĦɴЦһƣǻʲôǼ̳


243 ʥ߻
紵ԭԼֳһӰ
ѩӰ׷һֻҰáӾŶӣαӶ޷ѩӰҪ֮ʱȴűһġǽ赲ײԼͷת
ȻףѩӰסȥ·ֻ֪еİȫ֮زϷɱ
ԶζѩӰʱͷҲǱӵӣζķȥ
Ҷޱڿֻʶ졣Ѿˣɢ˵ζѩӰԶͻɱǰͷɴ۾Ҷ㡣
㣬ޱЦŽһֻ춪ѩӰѩӰһշ˶һҧס
˪ӰȴһԣͷݣżѩӰһۣȴ޷ѩӰΪʲôϲֿýƵĶ
εջ治Сޱһֻ˺µݸҶ㣬ԪӦķͬˣֳɹ˫ϲš
ȢˣϲŰɣҶЦţޱ
ûޱֵصһۣʵȴĻϲ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷһ࣬΢΢üԶһƬ𣬳ӳ֮£޷Щʲô
ޱһ漴ȫйԼһ˿ĸоȴܿ϶Щʲô
ô̲סʡ
áҶ˵ǵзѡ
ᣡޱһôȴ˼ҳԷʱţҲܣȽȳˣ˷ҵա
áҶ΢΢һЦҲǲˮ
ǡޱҲЦˡ
˽ȳ꣬ѩӰѾԼֻʶǴڶȥȴǰԶĻ⡣
֮ųǲ֮ϡ϶߲Ǳˣȴ¦ĽĦ
СߵǷǰɣĽĦ׹ѩӰһҲãҲʡôʲôֱɱȥҶ˺Ҫɱѡ
ҪӶԷ¦ҡҡͷʱѴ򷵻أУ˵ѾɡԪӦ˻һڤ˽Լˣ֤ʵҲΪ֮۷
֣֪ĽĦһͷʱԣȴˡ
˵ţһɱȥ¦΢΢ҡͷȴ룺ʱҶ㽻֣⵹¡
ȥ
˽֮󣬱ҪԪشƻȴǱԪ֮õҶϸԪӦŦһ壬ԪӦΪ֮¡˶˴һֿҶЩϣʹǿǲԪ֮£æ߸˹
ϻһ˷ŭ֮࣬Ҷ㡣ʱۼԷѾɴֱɱ˹ȥ
ԭȴǹˡҶԶüͷ΢΢һ塣¦ȻԪӦߵһʲôλԪӦӵأ
ץסʾͺˡޱһЦ
¦ʧܣֱӳɱȻмǿʤҡȴ֪ǷִʥǱߵõʲô˲õĶҶ˵š
֪ˣޱ˵ĶҲ˳ˡ
⻰˶Ц
ƽԪ°¦ǰһЦݵҶ㣬ȴʮֱ䡣
Ҷ㣡ĽĦȴҧشһ㻹ǵ𣿡
ȻǵáޱһתӵС𣿡
СѾͷһ˺죡ĽĦһࡣ
㲻ɣޱЦ
Ҫ߻·߰Ҷ㿴¦ҡͷԪӦңΪڤֻƾһڴ˽ɱˣʥҲҲָ𡣡
ԪӦ¦ЦˣҶ㣬ԪӦȴȫ飬˵δԪӦ˹ᣬֻҲŰɣҶ㣬׽ˣ֪ѾԪӦ˽ˣΪһͼıҸʵĽɽ
֪㹦Ƿ񳤽ȴǸˡޱЦ˵磬Ҳгʵ˵ɡ
˵֮䣬ӿ㺮ŮƮѾ֣߷裬һÿ
ѩӰ۾˲仯ʮۣסĽĦ
Ҷ㣬սʥ֮ӰΪУпǡ¦Ҷ㣬Ŀ͸׺֮ɫգǵĶԹһ˽ᣬϽ¦һ˱ӣҪһҶ棡
˵ţͻȻһӣָһöʥ֮ʱһϹ⣬Ѹٵγһʿ
һϵϢʿš޸ǰûͫƺҶ㣬ƺޱ˸ܵʿĿ⣬̲סһ˿η
ʥޱҲ̷Ͻ𵤣ͨʥ֮ˣʱӦʿоȣҶ㡣
Ҷ㻺ͷû뵽ҽʥǵӰأȴҵ˱ʥ֮ƣ²ʥ֮ϲϢʥʥ֮
Ҷ㡣¦΢΢һЦ֪ʲô
ִõʥ֮Ҷʡ
أ¦ЦһͻȻԾʿһͬǰֱҶ㡣
£ԸޱҶͽˣһ߳壬һĽĦ˵
ãĽĦк˸һץԿץһ۶ɵ˫սһԾޱ˹
ԼСġҶ㶣һʱӭ¦˹ȥһֽ̧ʥУħ֮һħУʱΪ
ʥ߻ȣӰȴֵһᣡ¦Цһָ䣬ʿͻȻһֱǰһȭҶ˹ȥ
һȭȻƽƽ棬ȴضȭ֮Уζܶ޷ܿĴȭз·һɼϵȭʱȴηȴҲҳֵֵ
ʥ֮
ǻ˱ˣ޷ҲֵܵҶȴͬһ⻪ȴɫ
ʥ߻𣿡ţͷһ֮䣬еӰʥٿȻֱӭޱߵһȭ

һײ֮һȭһײһ֮ȴ޻Ľʥ߻ޱ飬˫һǰһ̤ɹȭͷǰӰʥȻܽȭ̴Ƶȥ
Ϊʥ߻Ҷɫأ΢΢ͷһץ֮ʣȻսȡ˳ħӿ𣬻һʥ߻ľնȥ
ǿ¦Ҷ㣬Ϊ֮ݡҶһ֮ѾҶʵѾﵽ˳ĽףȴٲǽӰʥս֮ǿָΪԼս
ôܽô죿¦ȻҶ㣬һɺ⡣
ѵıиΪǿʥֲ֧ɣ⡭ⲻܰ


244 ѹ
սзף֮Ƽնֱʥ߻ľնȥʥ߻һֻȭӰʥԿţһֻȭȴȭֱײս֮ϣһ졣
һһնʱֹסСײ˴ɽһ㣬һ£㱻ȭ棬ٲǰֺ
ʥֱۣҲֻ΢΢ζһ¡
Ҷ㣬Ȼ¦Ҷ㣬Ŀ䡣û뵽ôʱ֮ڣ㾹Ȼ˳Ľףȥһվļλǿ֮Сֻϧҵõʥ߻ȴޱߣҲҪ֣
һ̧֣Լʥ߻һʥ߻бʱһ⣬˫ȭͻȻһһɾ޴ʱϮҶ㣬Ҷ΢΢üʱˡ
ϵսȴǾֶ˳ȥ
Ҷ֮ʣһץһֻħ֮צʱսץסһ¦ն˹ȥ
սٺãҲʥ߻֮С¦Цһһһʥ߻ʱˣһȭս֮ϣ÷˳ȥϵħ֮צȻֱӱ÷顣
ޱӵҶĿһתսպĽĦֵޱѩӰǱ߶ȥʱһ
ޱѩӰսĽĦȴǿʱƽ֣ʱʱӳ˽˷·𻯳һһսսץС
ʱӴ㴫ޱϣʹʵ͵ʹһնݷһ´ѩӰĽĦ̤ʱһն
սһ㷨ʥʩƳɣپҶʹħ֮ϣʹħ֮ħΣ㼸ﵽ˳ףСһնĽĦҲһȴӲӣֻܶ
һ֣ޱĴѩӰһΧĽĦȴ׵شƽ֡
ѱʱܱˣ¦ţߵʥ߻ǰһȻֻһȴ·ǧɽ·һ㣬һ¾Ҷǰ
ǴޱѹȭͷֱҶ
ͬʥ֮㿴˭ĸǿɡҶη壬벽ˣӰʥҫɲǼȭͷ̳ϰٽһʱ䣬Ӱ裬ʹ˿Ӱ
ޱѹȭͷǿϰٽ֮£Ҳڱ赲סҶ㳤ХһӰʥʹǽб·𻯳ߣΧʥ߻ϴ̻תۼȴϴ˼ʮ
ÿһУֻǷһ죬ȴ̴ܴɫף޷˼ʥ߻
зǿҲʥ߻Ķ֣¦Ц֮䣬ӿʥ߻ʥ߻ʱתΪȭͷҶȥ
ȭһʱΧӰңݺᣬ·ǻʥɾһ㡣
Ӱ֮УҶɫأнԽԽͻȻһȭʺ͵غһѪħӰʥһӶħ֮УΪʥ߻ȥһ´֮ϣȻֱ˳ȥˤڵϡ
ûõģ¦һһ̧֣ʥ߻һԾЦҶ㣬ʥ߻һɵķֲˣǻΣ
ʥ߻ޱҶ㣬Ŵһ΢İݣۿɼٶѸٵػָһ̤Ҷǰȭ
Ҷ㲢¦㲻φ£Ŀأסʥ߻һ֮䣬Ӱʥȴֻʥ屻С΢΢һħӿ֮һȭǰ
ϡķƣ
ɲǼ䣬׻ȸ뺮磬˪ˮһȴͬʱһɫ·ʥŴ򿪣ų齵˼һ㡣
һˣһײʥ߻ȭϣȻʥ߻ú˳ȥһֻȭͷȴɲмɢ졣
ܻʥ߻¦ʧɫֲز˼¡漴޺ҧŭһҶ㣬ҾͲԲɱ㣡
У͵ָ̧֣ϵʥɢһɫĲʥ߻ʱšɵƮȻأӰ֮䣬һֱѸٵȴƺǰĸΪʵ
ҵҪܸԭΡҶ㵭һЦƶֲظԭȥҾû취ˡҲ¡ǲܡ
΢΢һȴһֱ趯֮䣬·𻯳һħԱϸɢϻħХշ裬ſھʥ߻³һö顣
ƣ¦һʥ߻ʱһȭ
һöٶ죬ۼҪ֮ʱȻڿһתճʥ߻ıϡʱеħӶ³ö飬һööճʥ߻ϡ
ã¦һ˿֮ɫУæҪָʥ߻öȥ
ڴʱҶЦŽ̧ħʱϡҶһƣħʱɢ٣öȴͬʱ
޴ĺУʥ߻ķѣΣˤһء
ûã¦۾죬ȻΪҶչֳ־޴ŭʡţ㽫ʥ߻ɳҲԭ
Уʥ߻Ȼٵ¾ۼһƴ塣Щը˷ĭĲ֣Ҳһ޷ϻ϶
أҶЦţͻȻָһɳʱ˳ȥֱ¦˹ȥ
ССסң¦ָʥ߻ȣʱʥ߻壬ȴ޷ʹãֻ֮ô߶֮䣬һ籩ӭжȥҪɳ顣
ɳѲͬգ̺˼ʥѱ仯̬ٶȡʤǰ籩ȻȴԶ֣Ƭ֮ͱ˺øɸɾн¦Χһľϡϡϡ
ǳĽ׵ķ֮𣿹Ȼ¦ɫ԰ף̲ס
ʱʥ߻ȴҲѾ۳ΣƣʱҪȡ
ȹɡҶ˵ţʱϹ⣬Ӱʥֳֽǰʥ߻ȥ
ʧȥ¦ָӣʥ߻ȻԿսȻ֮ǰȴ̫ࡣˣҶҲҴ⣬ӰʥΪ򽣹⣬ʥ߻
ʥٴײһ𣬷춯·ƽϴס
ʧȥָӣսʥ߻ȻǺöչбã¦áϧˣҶЦһָһɳ˹ȥֱӽʥ߻С
ͬʱɳ֮УֳӰʥһʥ߻
ʧȥָ֧Ԯɳ֮УٱҶǿʥ֮Ϲʥ߻ȴڳмס֫壬סȻڷȴѾ޷ѡ
Ҷص˵ͷ˳ɳĿͶޱѩӰսĽĦ
ãȻ¦ѹˣĽĦһĻɾһ亹


245 ԪӦ
ۼҶ㽫¦ѹɳ֮УޱѩӰĺϹ֮½·ĽĦľ֡
׾ѹ¦ܽ˾ȻҲĶ֣ʲôز
ǾȥԸ걻ѹ˺¦ֻұʱҪΣգ
һҧĽĦе˫ս͵һӶȴǱʮ࣬ޱݺնȥ
к壿ޱҡͷһЦսӶһâ˲ӿ֣˫о޸ɲǼ䣬Ǿ޴ĸͷͱâֳ롣
޸ȴɢǺȻը㣬ҫޱȣޱѩӰò赲һʱȴ屻ЩڵĽĦ
Щ㣬תۼֻСһֳ˫սޱѩӰ
ĽĦȴûתԶȥ
УޱһüսӴСС飬˽ս֮ʹ޶ݷֱӴĽĦ׷ȥ
ܲˡҶţһֻħ֮צƾǰֱĽĦСץȥ
ĽĦӦ𾢣֮ȴǼӡħ֮צٶ죬һץ״ʱȻ𾢴УһȼȼҵʹһҽУʱˤ˵ϡ
ϴҲףĽǿߣѵ㲻סҶ䣬ѾɵдСɳסĽĦȥ·
ޱֳսѩӰһں󷽽ĽĦ·Ҳ˸ʵ
ɺޣĽĦӿ䣬Ϩϴ𣬺ݺݵصҶ㣬֮Ҷ㣬㲻ҪΪĽĦԪӦǺǵģ
֮УͻȻһԾл˫սذҶ㵱ͷ
ڶ֮ʱвҵĶ֣ҽĽףʰ̽ȡһסҶ㵭һЦһִ̧֣һɳʱĽĦС
סңĽĦţӸɱ޾ƴȫȴܽģԽԽԶԿУڱһмס֫ȫԱס
Ҷ㣡ֵشţԪӦӣɱңҸؽңʬΣ
˱Ҫд𣿡ޱЦ
ʱһϹһҶϵɳз¦һϹѳ˲Զ
Ҷ㣡ڿУԲͷҶ𡣡ҲпǣҲԶҪѹ£һ죬һҪرҵһУ
õһ쵽ˡҶ˵̧֮䣬ʱһɫħХϹ׷ȥ
ҽձ㽫ǵĶԹ˶ϣҶ纮磬У¦ͷһһɫħǰȻۿҪ׷Ϲ⣬¦ɳһ亹
Ҳʱһرɫ˻֮ȴԶ֮ʱ˶̲ס˸սҶҲ΢΢һ
˻󣬱׶𡣽ţһƥɫԶȴ̤ڴ֮ϣڲҶ֮Ϸɱÿһ̤ĲҶֻһȴͬʱײ֮˸оޱȹ졣
ȫ£һɺƳɣȫڲްɫȫ飬ȴһεķ
϶һˣŽ׳¶һ׳⣻ɫƤսȹɫƤ㣬ϡ硢һǰ֮ϣסһֲ棬ޱȣһͷڶһƮڱȴǸڡ
ʾֻ壬˭Ҳһλʮߡ
ĳ֣һѹʱ纣ΰӿֱˣޱɫһ䣺ãǴ֣
Ҷʱٹ˲ȥ׷ɱ¦һתˣ˫üΧħӿݣͷųѹԿȴǲ·硣
ߵڤ˴ྶͥҶһ۱ϳԪӦһ塣Լħ֮ҲǳȴԶĽ׵Ĵڡ
߿иֲ棬Ƿÿһ
ǿߣĿǰԪӦһϸϵֻһֿܡԪӦ
뵽Ҷøӽɫ򶨲䣬΢΢ȭ֣λǰԪӦĽĦ棿
֮Ҳеõģ߶ϲͣ£Ǽɱǰиֲǰһ㣬һʱҶԱסĽĦɳĽĦʱмһߣ㻶
ûõĶĽĦһһץ֮䣬ĽĦʱһ֮÷ֱ䵽ߡһ֣ĽĦȴƾʧȻǱĿռ䷨֮С
ĽĦ棿ޱһʱҶߣʣ磬ԪӦ
Զ¦ȵλߣɫ֮䣬ҧϹӶȥתۼ䲻Ӱ
Ϊ޾ͻƽףЩչز侹ȻôӢšĽĦ涢Ҷ㣬ͳֻϧӢȴǳԪӦǿϧǿ̾
Ҷ㵭һЦкοϧкο̾
˵Ϊʱ䣬˼ȴȫǵСɳ֮Сסʥ߻һʥϵ͸ʥ߻ڣҪȫͬ
ʥ߻ݣȻ޷ͻпƣȴɳʥ֮޷䳹ͬ
Ҷ㲻ɰüһǱԭҰ֮Уħ֮ɳ֮ע롣ʱһħ缤𣬴ɳ֮Уħݺ裬Ҳɳʥ߻ȥ
Ҷסеʥ壬еɳ֮Уڸסʥ߻ͬʱҲ߾ȫҪ͸
СӣȻװҽ̸ͼı죿ĽĦй񵽲˼ĵزкһ侹Ȼ͸ҶľٶʱһҲ̫ԪӦˣұףʲô˲ǿߣ
һ֮䣬иֲѾֻ׼Ҷ㣬ͻȻâȻڿŤתƶͬ·Ҷһȡףһȡأһȡ丹
ԪӦ÷Ҷһͷȴޱʹ˸ɫޱʱѩӰ㼲սһ֮䣬ʹ޶ݷҶһ޿ռ֮УֱԶȥ
ȻֿռĽĦһͷȻӢţоΣ
Уº޾˻һ̤֮ڲҶϷɳǰתۼ׷ȥзâ׷ҶˣȻһ´ޣ޿ռ֮ڵҶȥ
СģޱһҪֵͦ
ɣҶ֪֮޿ܵסâΪˣæ̧֮䣬ħǰ֣֮ڳ̬âʱںħ֮ϣȴһûУû졣
ɲ֮䣬ħһȴȻɳ


246 Ĳ棬޾
ǿ
Ҷа治ɫȴʾޱ⿪޿ռ䣬ػصԭ֮ϣ׷ĽĦ
ԪӦֶΡ΢Ц֪ԪӦзǺȻƿ޿ռ䣿
Сӹʱ䣬ΪҲ֪ĽĦ濴Ҷ㣬ЦҲԸ档
˵ţһǸֲ棺˲ΪĲ桯ں֮㺮âۻɡƿ޿ռ䣬ߣСӣѵ֪֮ʱпƿռ֮
ޱɫ΢΢һ䣬̲ס˵˵֮ʱпƿռ֮ȴѾͻ˳ס߽ʿǼһҲĶְ
ҪšҶ˵ţмӽշʥ߻
ҵ㺮âȴԭۡҶһͷȻһ˲õķ¡
޾ȣȴֲʲôˡĽĦЦһָ̽º޾ԣ¶֮ɫ
ԪӦѵʦҶһ
ѧˡĽĦ治޵˵ǷڤΪǿ֮´ҿȴҲˡСӣǷڤˣҵύնҶ֣Ƿڤȴ㲻áôãҲҲ˰ɣٽӱһУ
˵֮䣬дĲһ㺮âͬ·Ҷ
ҡҶһ֣ޱæս֡սħӿҶһħ֮⣬Уݺ
âʱƿ޿ռ䣬ֱӳ㺮â֮ϣһ˲䣬б֮⣬ȴâơ
СʵȻףĽĦ滺ͷ̧֮һǰ̳ҫڿб֯һֻ׵ǣ͵Ҷɱȥ
Ҷйâ˲俴׵̧֮һץ䣬ħ֮ƾճ֣һſҧס׵ǡǲˣֻһ׵䣬ʱħ׻ɢ
ʱҶȴնâ׵Ƿħ֮ʣӹͬһط׵ٴηʱɢĵ˿⻡
ףĽĦ΢΢һСӣȻı£ڤ˲ţʵǴңȴԪӦ֮ˡ
˵֮䣬ɫȻֱʱɱġ
޾ʱӿһɹͻȻ𣬷·ǻɽ緢һֱȥȴڰ֮ٵػһƥ޴ĺڿз˻֮
·֮Х֮Զޣزͷ·߲ΰһ㡣
ѩӰȻҲ˻Ӱ죬Ӳ˼£漴㱻ԼǿӰȴǷŭصۣſеľͳ
һ֮󣬱ͻȻǰ˲͵ҶͷϿգǰһ̧֮󣬱ɽһҶ㵱ͷ̤
̤
Ҷһһųħһֻ˪㣬̤һ似ȴ߳һţӭǾ֮㡣
ײʱ֮Ǳ˪ֻ֮ƻһ㱻̤÷顣
ֻһҶȴ㹻ķʱ䣡
Ϊһ֮ʣڽʥ߻ȫѹ͸շ
һ˲䣬Ǳʥ֮ħ磬㴵ʥ߻֮Уʥ߻ʥڵʥ֮Ϊһ壬ҶеĿɿص͵ָһһöɳʱӭǾ㣬˲ײһ
һ֮У𣬲Ǿ֮ϣиžǰȣʥ߻ɳ֮ѳȭͷһȭžݺݻ
һȭ·磬Ŀ޿ɱܡ
һ֮УȭڰײһʱɢңǾľһ±ɢһȭ֮Բ϶ȥٵӵ˾ȫ˻ХȴҲֹס֮ƣƬ֮ȫɢ
ããĽĦۼҶһ֮ŭЦֻΪӢŲˣȴֶһλС֮ͣʱձ֮´ƵһλӢۣ
һ˵һߴſʥ߻Ŀ֮ڵ棬ƵҶϡ
ʥ߻ʱȫҶָӣҶһ·һɽһ㣬һѹѹʹη壬⡣
ʥĽĦ滺ͷıʥ˳ˣѹô񣬸ҶҶ֡ƹض֮ʣӦҶΣѼʱϵֻ½Ҷ֡
Ҷһ
ոƹض˹Ϊչ֮˴̫ӵ˲ƶǧԶ
Ǻߣǵ£
ȻԸӦԼϵΣѣ֮˵ﵽһ֮󣬸й˵ز
Ǻߣǵ棡
ֻ߽ҪﵽһףͿӵ
һʱ䣬ҶгȲҪٴνףԻĽ
ڤһλԪӦʵǲĽĦ濴Ҷ㣬˵
ԪӦˡҶ뵽˸ոճأʱ֪һλƽԪԪӦı߹أӻԪӦڶһ壬ˣл㻯һΣ
żν֣ĽĦֻʹ˷ȴûʹñ֮ˣҪҶ㶯øյõʥ߻ƽ⣬ȫ֡
ҶףʱԼޱѩӰһ⣬Ҫޱ߲ԭ֮С
ԪӦҹΪͬˣҹԪӦ֣Ҷ㵭Цţ˵
ôѵ¦ǵˣĽĦ濴Ҷ㣬ʡ
ȻǡҶҡҡͷԪӦǷ¦ڷڤһҶһ֮Ƿ񻹻ԪӦ֮ǰõĹϵ¦Ұļˣ˷ڤ֮ȴδԪӦ֮
˵ǣ¦ǣʹ޷շڤȨӶԪӦɴеĽĦʡ
ǡҶ㻺ͷ
棡ĽĦͻȻЦĿ͸׺֮ɫҵȻ֪¦ǲ֮Ȼ֪շڤȨԪӦ޺ôΣΪǿ׷ģ֮λ𣿡
˵֮䣬޾ȴӿǿͻȻٻǾ
һΣǾȴ·ʵ壬ͬһֻһ㡣
δκ۾һɨҶͨޱѩӰǸӦܲסһֱؽ̤µĸо
֮λôõģֻʥĻᡣֻ֮Ѿʥ˳֣ƾʲôΪԼͿ̤һ
Ҷ˼ת֮䣬ɻ󣬵˼֮ȴҲһЩʲô
ѵ˵¦֪ĳֿԸʥܣ
λְɡ
ʱһţһԶһԣ˫γ֮ơ
ʲôˣĽĦ΢΢üˡ


247 ϸ
ߣһ񣬷֬ݣʮӡ
˽ǰ˫һЦƮȻһ񣺡Ҷ֣ԪӦ
ϵñĽĦˣʡ
ŷұҶȴһü
ˣǵ¦Σܷŷұ
ղҶԽˡŷұҶ㣬ǺһЦתĽĦ档
ԪӦչȻô񹦴ɣϲϲ
Сӵ˵ĽĦһͷǺˣ˺£
ŷұǻССŷұش
¦ֵܵĲ𣿡ĽĦɫͣ΢΢ͷָҶЦСԳҪҶԸ¦ֵܣô
ȷ͡ŷұͷҶԼǰСС֮ʱѾҪ֮ȥȥȴֻҶ׳󣬲黳Ĵδǹǹкˡ
ĽĦ΢΢һ̲סٴδҶ㣬ͬʱҲʼ˼ŷұ
СӣôƺһЩȤ֮£ĽĦ濴ŷұ˵Լ¦ֵ£㻰ȴ˱ζ
ԪӦŷұЦ˴ĴָȻͶ£Ϊ֮Чȴ޹Ҳ߼һһϸˡ
ŶĽĦ΢΢۾һЦǰԼݣ˵ɣĿľʲô
λһλԪӦ֮һλǷڤ㣬սµʮڴһۡŷұǺһЦλߴ֣¦ȴһ˶ʥĻᣬȴһԸ⿴ġ
ʲô˼ĽĦĿкһ
¦ǿ˵ʥĻᵽʲôŷұʡ
ôȴ֪ĽĦĿŷұŷұоȫֻҡͷЦԪӦҲǴŵֻǺĸһ£˵ɡ
콲ĽĦĿһŷұʱһ
ǿ˵ڤʳڵĴãȺĽĦҶ㣬ʡ
ǲǹڤȣм֮𣿡Ҷ
ŷұһͷ˭뵽ȴһ˲õķأ
ĽĦҲһڤ˵Ĵһ
ŷұͷһʥķ
ʥ˷ĽĦ治ɶݡ
ҶȻȣȴɫֻޱ֣
Ŵ˵мأʥ֮ݲ÷Яκηŷұ˵ʥ߷֮ʣһзڵۼ֮ϣãǷڤ̫õһʥ˷ƾⷨڤ̫ŵԳɹΪµһǿ
СӵĴ˵ôûĽĦɻʡ
ŷұֻЦȴֻͣ˵¦շڤȨȴûжǿλֻƾ跲˼ıһʵҪֶαƻʵλԼΪĿĲ´ȨǻʥĻᡣʥ˷֮ܽУͿʥ֮ܳʥǲġзڤӢ飬ƾǿȨӢȴҲմãһмıһա
һ˵һߴҶĽĦ棬һЦ˵¦ȴõϢ֪һַƽӢֱ֣֮ƾȡá
˵ʲôĽĦĿһʲô
˵޹ĳصأһʥźŷұŶˣ˵
ͳأ¶˲š
һɺԣȻĽĦʱһʥźʥҪҲʥ֮Упҵۼϣ
ԪӦԲšŷұ˵ֻ¦ȴˣѾʼһУ׼Ǳ޹ڶȡһʥźʥźͿԽ֮ѹڵӢ飬ֱմáʱòûλ˵ȴҪˡ
ЩΪʲôĽĦʡ
ʵ˵˰ɡ޹Ħ¡ŷұޱȣ޹񱻻һְѳ֣ȴ˥ӲԸΪ֮ȴҪ֮ʹһС
ǱʺĽĦ΢΢ͷʥźںδǿ֪
֪ŷұҡͷһд£̵ĴգȴֻܵõһЩԼϢѡԪӦ̵֪ˡ
ĽĦһЦƳҶһۣһЦûڴгˡ˵֮䣬޾һľʱʧĽĦ޾ԣͻȻ仯һӰʧ
ϢҲ˲ʧ˸ɾҶħǹâҲֻ׽һĹ켣Ӷ֪ĽĦ澹Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾԽʮ룬ɱԶȥˡ
ҶΪĶ
һҪﵽףȴҲ۳ң뵽Ƭ̾͵´ƣ
ŷұʱȴסҶ㣬Ϲ΢ЦƽԪҾһȴҪôлң
Ҷ㿴ŷұһЦֻ޻¦ߵϸ
ô㲻ңŷұʡִڵҴɱ֮£¦ǶҵĿ飬ȴòǾһ֮󣬲ʹҿǱǰһƼ㡣ƽԪ֪ҲǸľߣ޹ϰɣֻкôûл
¦ǲɵӡҶ㿴Ƿһûĵϸ׽£֮λ
룬ұ㲻֪ˡŷұ˵֮ҲãҲã޹ڽһޱȡԪӦѾȥˣ¦ǹҲϵȥ벻ȥ޹ءǡ
˵һ֣ΪԶȥˡ
Ҷ㲢ûгֻŷұıӰ˼
˲Űɣޱʡ
ȷʵšҶͷܿĻм٣ȴǼ档Ȼȷʵ޹Ħ֮Ǳ¦ߣҲĦҲ֪ȴӡ
˵Ĺʥź֮أޱʡ
ȫġҶͷҲδкα
ôôࡣޱ˵ȻҪǸҪػŲ¦ȥҲϵ޹ȥɣ֮ǰ̽ʥźϢҲ֣ۼôʥ˵ź
ҲڷʲôİɡҶ²šĻѾʥ֮ʧȥƣȴҲֻ֮ܶϡΣһλǰ˵ʬǣܵõҲԴлʥܡ
֮أޱʡ
ȻҪλǰúðᣬʹٲܱɧšҶ̾Ϣһ
˷ֱѩӰ˪Ӱһ·ŷڤȥԪӦ޹Ҫ޹ȴ봩ڤ
ѩӰſٶȣ˪Ӱȴʱ޷ϣΪ·㽫˪ӰտԨʯռ֮УѩӰһһ㴩ڤ
һգڽ޹ڡ


248 Ѫ
޹зڤһС֮ϵȵĴۺڰǰڤйһδսƺҲѺڣڤʶߣȴΪвڤĲԪӦޡ
߾ǻҰֻɽҶޱ޹ڣһʱȴδֱ̡֮󣬲ųһƬɽ֮ء
磬㿴ǰߡޱע⵽ǰ·ϣлƳϸȥȴƶ
ҶĿȴһüߣȥ
ôޱܿǴ󣬲ɷʡ
ΧһŮˡҶ˵
Ů˺ޱʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ǿ̫ˣޱһüôΧһŮˣǲ֪߳ܣ
ҶѩӰ仯κһ·˳ǰӽǱߡ˰֮ڣޱҲһУȴʮΧһʮ˾ŮȦɱһ¶аЦݣŮҧȻη壬ȴûоʧ롣
Сˣ䵽˰ɣһӵĽЦţڽӣԹɡֵܻú۰һȻٰسկ֮УüǮʱ˾͸ˣ
޳ܣޱüͷ塣
ҶҲŭ⣬һѩӰѩӰʱټƬ̼㵽һʿǰ
ʲôˣ˺Щʿǰ˵סΪߴ𣺡Ƿڤˣʲôˣҽ£
һ治ɾҪ£ɼǹǺˡޱһҶ֣ѾһʱСйӰɽдһѹЩֻüһ㱻ҵĹâ顣
ϮʱǴӵĽʣµʿʱɶΣŶ˳ɱ
ʥ伶Ĵ󽫣СɫҶ㿴˿ǽ΢΢һͷ漴ָһһɳʱһʿЩʿδüӦѾмסȫ
ͬǵսҲһƣܶϷֺ
λʥ伶ĴҪ翹֮ɽƴȫҲ޷ѣвɴ󺧣֪ĸˡ
Ҷһ֣ɳѾճɵСɻС
ޱѩӰܵŮǰŮ޳䣬ϸ۵Ƥ¶棬롣
ޱеʣû°ɣһʣһ߽ԼΧϡ
Ůȴ̧ͷҶ㣬ʣ㽫Ƕɱ𣿡
ûСҶ΢΢ҡͷѾѹҷ֮УһҲӲʲôˣΪҪΧ㣿
ŮӶһ£ȴ³һѪޱһæסŮɫ԰ޱȣϢҲ΢Ҷɳѹɵĵ裬˵ţǸҿɺãҪǾ
ǾҶȴһ
㽫ǸҡŮҶ㣬Ŀǿ֮ɫ
ѵܾĶޱ²⡣
Ҷɻ󣬵һָɳ˳ȥֱӽ⿪ʮʱˤڵϣʿǷֱ𱻼ס޷жս򾪿ֱӣҶȴǡ
ʱŮйâһͻȻޱƿ˻һֱЩʿ
ãҶ㲻һüʱֽ⿪סЩʿС
ȴѾˡŮӳ嵽һʿ룬ͻȻȫһʮϷЩ޷ʿڣɲǼ䣬˶ʹĺУƬѪҺս׶Ⱦ˺ɫ
ЩѪҺǣٵǵ壬ɵУŮӶ룬һεһ塣ŮӵɫƬ̼ϢҲǿ׳
⡭ޱȵؿŮӣһʱ֪롣
ŮкһȴסҶ㣬ĵ΢΢һЦ䣬ͻȻֻһ⣬Ҷ㼲ȥ
ô󵨣ҶɫһҾȴ𱨣
УָһɳʱŮӰСһɳ֮ڣŮӱ㱻ײͣȻȴ֮ǰһƶüִһ⽫лɣз׷ɶȴ֧Ųסһмס
Բȴи˿ڣѪȾϵ硣
ĵطһУ۾˲ѪѪһĺɫһѪ֮ȴڷƴޱȵȻֱӽɳ÷飡
ʲôޱܵѪеɾһæˣصҶߡҶҲĿһִ̧һħ˺ħһԾƣԼǰ
Ѫұʱõ죡ŮӽЦҶ㣬͵һƣǵѪбҶ˲ײںħ˫֮ϣȻһ½һԾɣѪеһ֡
ʲô
Ҷ㾪㵼ٴγ֣һֻħ֮צץѪС
Ѫϻ𾢣΢΢ȴħ֮צǰҶһüһַ̧ųħľƣħ֮צһǿ䵲¡
Ҷ㷢֣Ȼħ󣬵ȴȫѪж֣˲ܱɣսħħ֮צͱħı˪֣֮ȴᱻɡ
ҪԸѪУͱʹ似սħĻ𣬺ͱħıѪ޷ǡ
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢ü֮ʣȴͻȻоһ˳ħ֮צͱ˪֮ԼڣȻһ·ԭҰȥ˲С
֮£æֳǱԭҰ֮УȴֻԭҰϿճһѪٵݻһѪɫķǷų쳤ۣѪβסֳһѾ޴Կף֮ʣбʱһѪ۶ɵŻ
Ѫ񣿡ҶһüԸ伮жĹһλ
ΪѪ񣬴˵ŷҵѪĶѪ֮Կ֮򿪵ѪբšѪһͷţ˼Ѫص
Ů
Ҷ䲢ʮ˽Ѫ֮Ҳ֪ܴ߶ѪݻѪ֮բٷųѪߣҲҪǳеǿߣŮӷŷ֮ʱҶĸоʥһôܷӳ
ҪֽѪɢҶȴͻȻѪӰ֮£ԭҰȴһħͻȻ֣ҵضһʥϢħڶɢһ
ħ֮оȻʥ֮
ô£
ת֮䣬ħзųһʥ⣬ǹ֮䣬һλħ񻺻˳
ħʥףȴаħ֮鲼ʥ೤ۣȴɫԨסֳһ˰ħǹȴʥܣɢʥаϢʮֹ졣
̧ͷеĵѪ񣬷һӵʥ࣬ħı壬Գ˯лѣҵĳߣɡ
˵ţħ߷ɶֱϾ죬ͻȻαɾ޴ޱȣ·̵ɵһ㣬ǵѪǰţͬһֻСɳһ㡣ŵѪغһ
˲䣬رɫħѻʥĹ⣬аİ
ʱһرɫ


249 ʥħ
ɻΪУ๥ĳֿ־ǣţศǰѪԵ˲һĦһαըͱ÷飬ɢ١
֮䣬һһͻȻֹͣײʶ»ָ˾޴ħ֮ٿСڿС
ˣˡħڿͷҶͻȻһЦѺõ
˲䣬ҶֻоΧٴ仯ħþ޴ޱȣ·ǻؽԼУԼǰȴ·һֻϡ
һľ壬ҶоһѣԻһʧȥҪޱߵ˯֮С
ʱԶһâҫȴħǡҫ۵ĹâȻħ񻯳ɵ֮Уֻһ㣬ȴԻҶǡ˲䣬ҶҲħǵĹâüᶨޱȣһ
ħ壬ұǵף
ţּ䣬Զħ֮еħףһ˹ȫħϣħ񷢳ʹĺУӿٵһƬأһߴħ
ħ׺֮£ȴҶԹԵذݵڵء
ħʥħͽʥħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
˲䣬ħҶ֮УʥħҲҶڣںһ壬˴ħһΪҶһ֣ٲᷴ˺
ʵ֮УҶ㳤һ̲ס૶ʥħֿȴʥħĽϡǼʥħ϶ΪһһСʥħءķˡţⷨȴɳ
еŮӣ΢΢һЦȴһݴĵѪҲ޷ҵǱʹһµ
ôܷһϣСŮһ
ڴʱһԶطһʮŮӡŮһƮݳȹͷɫ̫ڣɫ쳣ʱʱɢųŮԵķɣѰֻҪһֻۣ¾ҪʱԵʧȥǡ
ҶϸŮӣȴԼѹƵŮòʮƣɿڶʣŮ
ǡŮӵһЦƮȻһ˵֮䣬ԼɢϢʹҶӦҲڳĽ֮ϡ
ҶףԷ˫¡˵ҶˡԼŮͬʱֽԼʵ֮Ҷ㣬ʹҶɵ֡
⵹˵Ҷ㿴Ůӣ΢΢ͷԭǼʮʿΧŮֳԲѷ˲ֽ¡֮飬ɱЩʿǵѪ׳ȴҪɱңŽѹ
ȴҪлˡŮƮȻһ漴̾˿ֻǻ빫ӲҪ͡һǲȫ˼ƽϡ
ǲȫҶȴһǱŵĹȴ
ѵǧ֮߻ħ̲סŮʡ
ǡŮӻͷŮĿг˰ˡʹӺˣ
Ҷ㡣Ҷһȭδʹ˷ſǹ
Ҷ㣿Ů͸ɫǷڤƽԪҶ㣿
¡Ҷһͷ
ŷڤƽԪǾ֮ţﵽ֮һΪֻǽţһ֪үʵҵȷ˿ɱȡŮ̾һƮȻһ񡣡ĪͿ޹Ѫ̵ƽ̡
ԭĪƽ̡Ҷ㹰ֻ
ĪͿȴЦˣȴڤͬĪͿĪ
ҶҲЦ
ޱæ˹һҶ䣺˼׶ˣ㻹Ѻ˼Ůţ
ֻˡҶһָŮӣޱֻѪ˸ȴǲϳҶɢɱ⣬ȻĸѾȴδһ㣬ֻҶ㡣
СŮĪͿŶǰ֮ʱ߻ħʧǣͱӡĪͿĵ˵ƽʱʱҲǿˣһӡ
һ˵һ߻ǰȥ̧֮䣬ѪӰңĪͿŶڣĪͿŶʱøȻҲͶȥɱĿ⣬Ҫ֡Ƭ֮ƺã񽥽ָԳһãȻ֮ɫȻ˹ȥ
ʱҶų׽⿪ԼĪͿ㽫ڻУҶһ񣺡лү顣
ƽ̿ˡҶ֣ǰ˿ĪͿŶڵƽ̣ŵù£鿴һŶΣ
κù߻ħˡޱʱҲæһԽ͡˵ҲԾȡ
ֻ²סĪͿ̾Ϣҡҡͷ˺һѪ⣬ĪͿڿУҶƮȥȻԸҶԡ
ҶҲٿסĪͿŶʱͶԭҰ֮С
һĪͿŶԭҰҶͳһȫһƬѪصѪأֻܿޱߵѪϷȴڵУУҶֻоޱѹ֡
ѪޱߣһУ٣һһ𣬻صԭҰ֮УҶ㻷ܣȴߡ
Ȼ䣬ѪһѸٵ¡ֿٵΧɢһ޴ޱߵѪһԾſѪɫҶץ˹
ȴĪͿŶĵѪԳ̬ҪҶѹޱѪ֮С
ҶҲ⣬һ֮䣬Լʱ͹ǿϢΪħ֮צӭǵѪץ˹ȥ
Էʥ伶ΪԭҰеҲزǿԼһɽ֮ѹû뵽ǵѪȻǿޱȣħ֮צһƺֻ΢΢һΣħ֮צȴѪˮϨ𣬻һֻͨĴ֣ʱѪɡ
ˣҶ΢΢һ䣬ڴ˸ǿħ֮Σһʹļƣʱа׻籩ǵѪֱˤѪ֮С
ԳĽ֮ȴֻˤܽ
ҶǶĺ棬ɴȻ
ѪޱߡѪﲻоӿһһߴĵѪѪԾȴŽҶΧС
ùŹ֣Ҷ΢΢üһ֮䣬ڴǿϢȴǰµõħʥħ
ʥħѪ֮ϣֽʥֵܾİħǹڶһʱһĪͿŶԭҰľ죬֮УеѪжóٻһ·ʧ˥ߣû֮ǰơ
ԭʥħ֮Կ߻ħĵѪ̫֮ˡ
Ҷһϲʱָʥħʥܣͬʱʥ֮а֮ⲥЩѪʱһһѪ֮С
ҶĿһ䣬ʱ׽һжΪٻģʥħɶȥһ½ǵѪðħ֮ǹ̴ǵѪݣȴ޷ѣʥħʥȥһʥ֮ͶϣһһϷã㽥顣
֮һѪȫ飬Ҷֻͷڵɫƺ΢΢һ㣬ѪɫƺҲǳһ㡣
ֻóĽ׵ĸй٣ҲֻܸӦмϸ΢ı仯ѣɼ仯
һ£ҪպѪ֮ɫȫҪϾʱ䣬ȴһһϦ֮
뵽˴㽫˻ɿ֡
ΣĪͿæŮסЩŵҶ㡣


250 ֮ı
סҶ˵޷ҽΡÿʩĻָǣҲǿܳɹѡ
ĪͿҶ㣬𼤶Ĺ⣬κȴ̾һ
Ҷү˵ѪʵһطͨհطʿͿܹͨѪӶӣʹʵӳǵѪ֮ʱԽսǿߡŶУ˷߻ħѪһϵʿУ˷߻ħ߲ȴδ˻ָ
ʵǿϧҶ΢΢ͷ
ĪͿ˿Ҷ㣬ֿŮǼΪʣƬ̺տڣһϣһһԡҶүܾСŮĪͿظͿԱ
ƽˡҶ΢΢һЦҲʮգһԡֻһŶҪߣƽʱΪֹ鷢ֻܽѹڷ֮С
ҲҪðɡĪͿŮ̲ס˰ᡣ
ƽ̣ε޹ȴΪһ׮¡Ҷ˵޹гʥźķǿ߾ΪᣬԪӦĽĦ治ǰѾƹضƳһ޾ԣҲﵽ߽ףѾһ޹ڤ¦ǲ֮Ҳᵽʱ޹Ƿӿ
ʥźĪͿʵһôʥź
ƽδŴ£Ҷʡ
δšĪͿҡҡͷ
Ҳһλ޹¦ߵϸġҶ˵˵м١
ôѹסϢĪͿ˵޹һҶѪȻҲһĽɣȴһ㣬ֻѹȡ̴Ұļ󣬶ԷڤҲãΪҰĻΪ޹޴ĻȴҲ޿κΡѪҲ̣ʥź֮ȴδðϢһ̹ѹסϢԶڷڤȴô֪أ
Ҷ㲻΢΢ü޹ڵǿ߶֪˵ŷұı󲢲ʲôӣп̡֮ĽĦԼԼ¦ˡ
ΪʲôѵֻǸּӺԼҲͰˣжͬʱԸ¦ĽĦˣ
Ҳʲô˲õɣҪһڤԪӦ֮׼ĸ֣ˣ޹ʱһС
ĪͿۼҶ˼˵һ䣺ΣҶүҪѪ̰ЩʲôԸ
áҶͷǱϾϤ޹ڵѪáʥźϢ٣ֻǿµ壬ԻѪ̰æһ¡
ƽԪġĪͿͷ
壬¦ĽĦҲ֮ޱ˵һһãԷ١
˭˵ǣĪͿһЦ̣Ҳֵü壬һԸǣǺ¡
֮Ȼʥźȷʵڣôһлƽ̶ΪġҶ˵
ȻĪͿŮһۣһƣһѪ⽫ĪͿŶ͵ҶǰҶ̧֮䣬һһĪͿŶտԨʯ籮ռ֮Уǧܡ
ͷѪ̣ҶĳѪ̰æһҶһ˵һտԨʯռƳףս
ףǧþӥ޺Ƴɵľӥף֮ȻϬףӯޱȣһҲ׸ʹжٶȳɱƶ籩ݵĵͷʵѵõı
սñ֮צıצսޱȣǴȻı˪ԣԷ˪֮ⶳ֣Ǽǰ
⡭ĪͿļ۾һҲǼǿĸ֣Ȼֱóļֵ̲ס㵶ⶼƳɵİɣ
ǡҶһͷǾӥףǱצսССﲻɾ⣬ѪΪұ̽ϢĳͰɡţ㽫ֱĹ˵һ飬ĪͿڶϲ˵ô˼ȴҪ
Ҫ֪ǿ޼ȡʦѵáΪ֮ǿñҪмߵ츳Ż
򣬾ǳʮ׵ĶǿߣҲı
ֶмУǮƣҪ֮ҲֻܿԵˡ
Ҷһ־ļǾԵĴ
Ѫ˵̽ϢΪ·ֻС£˵ȴǴ¡ҶһЦƽ̻°ɣҲ᲻
޹һв̲£˭֪һ᲻ٶԷڤаʹ˻ᣬҶ£޹һ֧ɣԾúᣬǿǶԲˡ
ҶүӦСŮѾǴʵڲĪͿ̾˿ȴϵһ֣ļʱʧȴռ䷨֮С΢΢һЦļʵˣȴ޷ܾɡ
һ֣ץĺӣݵҶǰһҶүöϽ𵤣ɡ
Ͻ𵤣ޱһ漴Ҷ㣬Ŀ˵°ɣϽ𵤰
Ͻ𵤶Ա˵ǹͨʥ֮ʹԼ۽磬ӽҩѣҶ˵ȴ쳬ǿߵı
ԪȣиضںټϵĸۣҶµǿǼ״ﵽƾ۷壬ټϽ𵤹ͨʥ֮ôǳ˱Ȼ
öϽ𵤶Ҷ˵ǿΪı
ǱұƴǵˡҶһЦֽӣտԨʯڡϽȷʵǺöҲ޷ܾջ󡣡
ӶЦ
ɡĪͿ˵˵ذ֮ңһǣѪ̷ֲλҵǱЪϢ
áҶһͷĪͿȥ
ʱңԶķڤ۶֮ڣ־ȴ¦һ֮ڡ¦ǸֻУ֮к󣬻ܣ˵ǰʸҵģǺһˡ
ʧôãϢ־ʡ
ֻˡ¦һЦһöҩҲûеһֶС
үΪǺΪ־ʡ
пֻܵһˡ¦˵ʱҲݵؽ𣿡
Ҷ㣿־ʡ
ȻᵽҶ¦΢΢ü˼ֱеĿǣʵ΢֮ʱұ޷֮ɱɳ֮ޣȴǸѳȥˡ
үֻǹ˼̫ѡ־˵ֻҪүԳ֣ʮҶҲˡ
¦ǻͷҶֻһҲֱܳɱȴǻֵˡǸŵü죬ȴŻλ֮ȨƣסѹҡΣȴʵǿѹС
үͼĲ¡־˵
㶮ҡ¦Цţ־ǰȥǸֵ£ΪҲŲò¦֮£òͶ־ͿҪȥˣ֮ҾͿԹضȡã
ʥź֮£־ʡ
Ϣͨ¦ͣ½ŲЦЦ
θϻҪү֮¡־һ࣬үֱҵ˴ȴʹȽ
ؽţ㡣¦ǻͷҲ㵽
˵ţǰһǰǰϱֻһ߽ܣϷһӳ
¦վڰǰ־֡
־𻺲˹ǰɫһ䡣
⡭ǽһȻ


251 ڤ
Ӧˣ¦Цˡ
ս֮϶ս֮ʱͻȻӽ⽣ֻҲҪֽʱնɱ־һѶ亹˽ȻͻȻʧأ棡
˽Ϊڤ¦˵
ڤ־Ȼôҹ֮Ľ
Ǳ̫÷¦˵˵ô֮ɱһֻƶɡκ˽ӰʹͻȻʧءʱ̫ɱ˲ٱԼǿߡ
Ǿ־̾
һԡ¦˵
²ҡ־æһס
Ҳ㣬ֻҪԽ¦˵ȡ£֮ʱɷӦ֡
ǣ־Ҳԥʱǰ˫ֽԼ£ֽһ°γʱһ޵·ڸһ㡣
ϣˮĹâԼȥֺǽһ͸ƬһڽΧƵ֮Уʱһ˵ĸо
ķ־۾һɵͷ̾տֻʹһ׽
¦΢΢ͷΣ˽֣ǲһֿ˵ĸо
Ǿ֮־𻹽ʣذǰڽ֮ϡ
ΪβԼ뽣У¦ʡ
̫֮²Һ־ҡҡͷ
ԡ¦һ֡
ǣ־һ˿˷֮ɫٴȡ°γһ뽣С
˲䣬ɫ䣬ΪǱ֮ʱʧһȴ˳ִڣѸٵؽԭҰ֮УΪһ塣
ת֮䣬־УʱһʽӵĳȴǷڤ
⡭־Ȼ⽣ȻԽ壬϶Ϊһ
¦ǵͷԻʿ֮ϣӳԭ߳һ֮ʱʵ壬ȴʵ֮ȴ֮
ãǺ÷־ͷһգһʱƷУ۳ɷڤ
СĵؽסУطŻؽ֮ϡ
ʥźǿ߿϶Ҫᡣ¦ǿŷڤ˵ܽᵽУɽӢ֮¡ʱʲô塢֣ͶҪˣֱӱɱ¦࣬˷ڤλ
үʱѹôãͲ¡־̽ʡ
¡¦Цˡ̵ĴΪǾ£ʹּıȺɱ޹档
˼ǣʥź̹֮ɢģ־ʡ
ˡ¦ǵͷˣȴؼŸȥɱɣɱˡˣٳᣬ񲻸ã
ΣүҪʲôȫ쵽־𹧾һ
ã¦һͷͻȻһץһ˦ϵķڤֱ־־ʶһץסȻ¦ǡ
𣬴˽㽻ʹá¦˵Ҫú÷Ҷʥźôãڤ£һ죬⽣㣬У𰡣շڤߣ㲻Ƿڤ֮λҲڻһ֮¶ѣף
лү־ɫϥذݵ
˵¦ǵЦšһҲ޹ڣ⵹ǻɱһûᡣһԳ֣¦Ҳ첻ôԶˣ
־ɱ⺮â΢΢ͷ
Ҷˣ˴Ҫȫ֣Ҫһٳɹ¦
ǣ־֣صͷ
ڴı飬Զ޹Ҷ㣬ĪͿһǡ˳ΪǣһǣѪڳһͷֲͽǧֲܣְλΪа󿭣һλʮº͵΢ߣʵﵽƾ۷壬Ҷޱǹ
ĪͿס£ҶΪгɹʱԪӦλ֣ڴסº󣬸ٴο˫籸õţȷλãˡ
պ󣬴һڸѩɴµѩ塢֧ɽȡ֧硢Ŧޡ⣬һǿ飬ǵĵĪͿҲ𾪣ΪҶ㱳ǿ۷
Ҷ㵱мˣΪ˫˽ܣֻǵ㵽Ϊֹûϸ˵ĪͿԼĹϵҲûн˵ôһ¡ԪӦĴҲã޵ѪҲãֻҪԼǹϵͬһͿˣûҪҲϵ
ĪͿҲǾˣȻҶ˼ҲԷӴǰź˵ס˽Ӽ󣬾֪ȥҶ̸Ŀռ䡣
һĪͿڴ¡ûѪ̵ˣѩʱҶ㷢ʣҶү˵ĽĦˣ⡭ģ
ҲýһҶ㡣
оֻҶõĴϢΪԪӦһ˿ûһ㶯
ȷʵҶһͷ˵ĲΪ֮һ
ǼϢѩüʡ
ô٣ҶЦˡ
һ˶һɴ۾Ҷ㣬·ڿһ
Ҷү˵ۼĽĦ棿ŦȻʡ
ʱ˷ڤ¦ҪԪӦĽĦԪӦͳĽĦޱ˵
ô˵ʱҶүˣ֧ɽȾ㵶ʡ
ǡҶһͷԪӦʵΪǿѾﵽ߽֮Ƴһ·Ϊ޾ԣһƥȫɺսǱѰ
Ȼ޾ԣѩɲɶһ¡ݣȻϢ޾Ŀжôǿ¡
޾Ժܿ𣿡ޱ̲סʡ
Ȼѩصͷ޾ԪӦұмصһϹŷѩλȴ֪ݼأ޾ϹʱһλǿƳɵķϹʱλǿƾ޾λʮǿߴսĽȴͬھ޾ΣҶү˰ɣ
Ҷ㲻ɶݡ
ǡѩ˵˵˾ݻΪɻΪսȺ׻ɱǧһֱ̤ӻһǡû뵽ĽĦ澹ȻƳɹʵǴ֮£
Ҳ߽ף⡭֧ɽȵЩͳȻĳǡ
룬Ϊ޷ͻƣŴ޾Ե⡣ѩ˵˾ɣҲˡΪ޾ԣʹԼһ߽ס
ΣʵʵŦ޲ǵ˵һֻǡ
̷ųʥźϢҪ¦ǺĽĦˣǻҪභԼԴҪһͬʱɱˡҶ˵ʱս֮ʱǵĻ𣿡
ҪɱĽĦ棿ѩɶҶ㣬ʡ
ǻбѡ𣿡Ҷ㻷ˡ
˻ӣͬɱ


252 ɽ֮
ƹҡҷҶ㾲У棬ǱĪͿѪѹŵĪͿŶ
ʱҶĪͿŶ֣ԭҰĪͿҲУҶһޱߵѪ֮ϡ
ĪͿ̾һԭҰѾ˵ѪںδҲ޷֪Ҫȴ졣
ֻҪ֣ҲûȡҶһ˵һޱߺѪȥɲǼ䣬ĳֶѪĶһѪѪлһԾ
һѪ٣
٣ҶһЦȻǸϧ㲻Ƿ޳ĵѪ֮ˡ
˵֮䣬ħĪͿŶڣʱʥħʥħ̧ħǹʥһײ㴫ķʱǵѪһ
ʥħʱӶųʥ֮а֮˲佫ѪΧһ㽫֮顣ǵѪڹ밵ţϷ֮ȴʼ޷ѣշɳ
ұƴŶЩƽ֪ȷбָҶתĪͿ򣬻˵
漴һоҫʥħʱֱͦѸٵתۻһؾˣĪͿǰֻԼСϣ̲֮סҶߡ
ʲôʡķһ㡣
һоͽСʥءҶһͷ
Ȼ͸¶ԼĵϸǡʥħءҲֻܳΪʥءˡ
ٶֻͣһץʱǾ޴ʥħȥŽޱѪһץޱߴַ·ܰأһ¾ѪץʮѪЩѪŭţѪѪҫʥħֽ֮ɱǶ֣ҶѾ͵һա
ɲǼ䣬һʥħʥ֮а֮ʱһ˿µǼʮѪǰԵСɾ޴ĥɳ
ЩѪһɢĪͿԸоŮԭҰ˱仯յɫƺûôˣѪҲƺһЩ
Ҷүɼ
ۼŮԭҰı仯ϣ
ȥ˵ɡҶʾһ֣˳ĪͿŶԭҰصԼڡ
ʱȻƻҲѾȼ
ĪͿ֣صҶƮȻһ񣺡Ҷү˫СŮоˣҶүģʥź֮ϣѪ̱ȫ֧Ҷүȡʥ
ǱлˡҶ΢΢ͷɫԳƣƷǰʩʵ̫ҽŶ֮ʱȴ
סĪͿæͷҶүģŶ߼ʱ׼
ҾˣҪϢҶվĪͿŶٴɳѹտԨʯ֮СĪͿ򹧾ؽͻطϢ
һֱ˯ڶ磬һޱ˹ˣˡǸŶȻҲòķ
ûʲôҶһЦֻ֮͸֧Щƣѡǽʶ޴̵ĻᣬҪúϧǡƽƹһλǿߵĹңȫȡĪͿΪĽǿߣǸҪ£
ô˵ҲҪעǡޱ˵
˵ţȴ洫ĪͿҶүôǵõʥϢˣ
ʲôҶ۾һʱ˴Դš
ĪͿһϲҶүڴ̽˹ʥϢȴڶǸɽһ
ϢɿҶʡ
ɿĪͿͷʥɽűɽǱһɷصòʮΣɽȴʥɴľءǾȻӴˣĸȫ޹ˣû̵ʿűɽǱ෴٣ȴȫ̵ľ֡νʵ֮ʵ֮¦ǺĽĦ浽ȻҲ̽ϢһΪɽǱֻǻӣűɽǱ߲ʥڡƽԪ֮ǰȴӦǻɱǵ壬ԲʥɽǱ߲ʥ֮ڡ
òټˣҶһͷ
ܿ죬һ˶ۼһĪͿķҲ˷ޱȡ
ȲҪ̫硣Ҷȴȸ˽ˮǱǷʥ֮أҲδ֪ҲطҲ˵Ҫÿֶ׼ҲҪö׼
ΣҪȥһ½۰ɡѩ˵
ҶͷǱҪȥһҪСġ
ͷ
һжϸںһ˱ɽȥһ·ӽ·պһƬɽ֮С
Ҷ㲢һСġȡսʹ޶ݷ˶УȻϢУĪͿָ£ɽɽȥ
ͻȻһȴͬˮ϶ΧɽܵӰ죬Ȼ޿ռѹ˹ؼռ֮С
ãѩȴһ޿ռҪˣռƣǾȫҪѹɽ֮У
ҪţҶһʱտԨʯռ
˵һ֣ռ֮ɢһ˶ӵֿԼտԨʯռ䡣Ҷֻһ˴޿ռ֮Уѹɽ壬һЦս޶ݷӵޣٵȥ
ɽȫѹ޿ռ֮ǰ˵֮ϡ
ȻǸ֡ʱһۻһλʮ߽̤һƬƮȻҶǰ֮Ŀ飬էһǵõĸˣҶȴĿشαȴ֮ڲ֮
ǺˣҶĿߣʡ
Ϊڤ˵Ĵס֮һŷڤƽԪᣬʵھ£һˡƽԪ˴οΪʥź
ҶҲϡɢʥϢΪӢ𣿡
ӢڤЦˣҡͷֻҪǿӰ´ֱ仯һˣѾ㹻ˡң˻ˡ
ѵȴңҶʡ
ƽԪҪӹ͡ڤ˵Ȼиǿߣͣ˭£ƽԪ֪ҽ̴Ⱥ۸ۣ߲ǱˣȴƽԪ㰡
ǻҪлˡҶ΢΢һЦ
Уȴǲ
ǧ㣬Ȼû㵽̵ĿȴԼ
ôʵһʼûԪӦֻŷұţͬʱϢй¶ĽĦ档
Ŀʲô
ҶȴѾϾϸ˼ˡ
Ҷ㱾ΪԼܳԪӦĽĦǿ߻๥֮ʱˮ㣬û뵽ȴһʼͶԼ
ʧ㣬ȫʧˣ
Ҷ㲻пЦȷʵûе͹ˣȴ͹Լ
֮䣬һ֮ͬǰѸ𣬳Ϊڤ֮֮һλǿߣȷԼ˵ĵλȻԲЩ䶥ǿߣĸ˸ΪЩǿߣ
ǶԷڤҰ֮ôܻĴڣ
ڤЦҡҡͷǿɲǴƽԪ֮ţ𾪣һ֪ԭ˵ȴԶԶƽԪˡ׾ȴƽԪʵǳôڱ֮ˡ֮ƽԪĽףͣٶȣʱգֻ½֮У
ˣһһʮ߳Ҷ㱳Ц
ƽԪɡ漴Ҷ߸һˡʮ꣬ұһֻʮꡣ
ʮӣĿȴǿߡҶ㻺Լоһɾ޴Σա


253 Ŀ
λ̵ס֣Ҷ㻷վķˣʵ
ʮ΢΢һЦָ˽λǵڶסּλǵסֺĴס֮ף𡣡
˼ҶЦû뵽̾ȻɳĴסԸһӦ˵֮ɣ
˴α̽ʥź֮͸¶ȥϣ޷ˡ𻺻˵һƽԪǻһǷڤδףһǷڤסɱǶˣڤǿߣȴһɢɳʱǳ֣Լڶ
ˣǷڤƣ㳹ˡڶסּЦԡ
ڤΪµһǿȴһЦΪ֪ǿиɵĵ۹Ѿ֮Ҳ޷ҽΣ˵սķˡڤȴ˸ƽԪַڤ֮˵ȴǺ¡
ǱˣҶҡͷҲΪһģΪʥźҲй¶
Ƿڤо仰ûв͸ǽסֺ˵Ϊ֪ôϢ֮ʱıɴ¡
λү˾ˣʵϢգЦԡ
ֻɳȴСģǶǰԪӦҲˡҶ㿴𣬵һЦ
һڣ˵ɫһ䣬Ҷʱ
ŷұȻԼϣӵˣʵ̣ʵȴбӣҪˮ룬ʹ̲õľʹϣʥź
ǻ˭
Ҷһ˼оߣ޷ꡣ
Ͼ΢
ԽԽȤˡ
ƽԪ˵Цɣּü½֪ԪӦʱڱչͻơűչؼ꣬ξͻ׼ޣѵҲƽԪľŲɣ
ԪӦǴţ֮ҡҡͷƽԪڣ¾ûܵô˺ˡ
ԪӦ˵е޾ԡҶ㲢ǣֻǿ𣬵ԡ
ɫøѿȭͷ΢΢սסҶ㣺ƽԪԪӦģںδβ
ô֪ҶŪ飬ֻ΢Цȴٶ˵ʲô
ڸ㻹оȡҶ㣬ͻȻҲЦЦ
Цһ֮ʣȳҶڤȴʱ֣һĽ·˽ɫĴһ㣬ȫʥϢϢȴѹҶħ
֮ǰҶֻתħȫǷ֮Ϣ࿹Դʥħ֮ȴһʥ֮ǷϵϢѹЧȴڤ㳬׵ʿȴ޷֮ѹ
ڤҲδ˼ΪҲ֪Ҷڵʲô
ֻѸٳ̧֣֮䣬н⸡Ϊһףºͱϣһ֮䣬һͬˮһҶ㱼ӿ
·潵ٹ㲼󣬻ݼ֮ʣԻмһ㣬Ҷǹ⣬Ҳ̲סһСУֻԷʥ֮ҪԼԼӦܣܷ
һӰķ
Ҷȴһħ֮ϰڶԿħĸջһ÷ջңѵҾͻУ
һǰҶɫˮһ֮䣬ħצӰӶʱ˺糱Ľ⣬˲ڤץȥ
ǿڤһִ֮伱æ̧˫ۣϿٵػһ޶ܣצӰնǾ޶֮˿͸룬̶Ħ֮ڤٺˡ
ǱصˣסֺһǰҲǽ⸡һɫסȻʽڤ죬ȴǴͬС죬ȻĶͬһ
һץн⻯һ˷ȣһת֮䣬ǷȱһĽԣͷҶȥ
ΧϹָҶĿһ㽫ЩԭҰħ֮ڣѸתɷڤ֣ȴһƪľġ
ЩָԴз֮ΧĽԻֽҳԼϣγһƪģҪҶ
Ҷ̧һȭʱ֮ⱩȭһֱӻǽֽҳײƪĶݣȴʧ֮ǰѹµơ
ڶסּһȫף֮֮۽⻯һ͵һתһķ籩̤ŸĽٶǰһ㣬ֱҶŻȥ
һķ籩ҲҶת·һֻͷҪҶơ
ּȴڤͺﲻͬһ֣ǵأȴֳ˳Ľ׵Ҷ㲻Сӣּ̧ȡʥ壬Ӷ֮ӰΪӰʥһִ̳ʮӰһ֧Ӱɱǵ籩
ʮӰԲͬǶȺϻһ±㽫Ƿ籩˺ѿҶֳӰʥǰ̳ȴǹײһһһʥײȻ죬Ҷּͦȴ˼ֳǽ֮ȻҶ㡣
֪ƽԪǿޱȣû뵽Ȼǿ˵زͷޣΪءϿҶ㣬ʵȴһҪסֲҪ֣һȫɱҶĸо
ƽԪȻǼ̧֡нɽ׽һƿնڰըƬ֮ΧӰȻϰƾԪʿӶҶΧס
򵥲򵥣նֻڴ˴ɽˣһЦ䣬˫ֱַһץʱнзֱ۳һѽﵣֳ˫ﵣȴͻȻһ׹⣬һöӡ
һɳʱըѿʱط·ʧɫİ׹ڿб֯һ޴ǻʥ֮⣬ֱӽҶУг·ж
趯˫ﵣÿǰһߴĽӦóһ֣ȵ֮ǰĽȴ·𻯳Ĵ˫ﵸ߾٣ǽʱ˫֮ϣȻ
һСҶ㻺ͷʹȫֻµʤ㡣
˵ŽӰʥһʱһɺƴһǰ̳ǽƴݿ̳࣬мƲǰֱǽ֮С
ȻһУը÷飬Ʋ˫Ҷݺȥ
Ҷ㳤һᣬס˫һȴƶˣЩֵסк䣬һʥħ֮ʱӿ໯ɰħǹʥܣײ֮ʣݻɹ밵֮ٽһγһС͵ʥħء
ӿȥЩС
Ĵס֮ףʱһеȴǣȴǷȥ
һСʥħ֮ҲδʹҶһ˻
λˣվ̵λסַָߵͰɣҶһһּ䣬ޱѩӰĪͿԼλ־֮⡣
Ҷ籮ռ֮ϵʱһ֣ʱɱ֮λס֡
֧ɽּȥѩ塢֧硢ŦˣڤΧޱѩӰһ˺
ѩֱͬǳĽ׵ּЦ̵ļλסǷձҺúһǷʢ֮ͽɣ
ԪӦˣּѩĿ֮ʱһֻΪҶԪӦһ
λסҲǴһΪԪӦĽĦҲѾҶϣһĪͿ򣬲ɶŭĪͿҪãʱɱҶ㣬Ѫ̱ܵãΪ̣֮ҶΪ顭
סڣĪͿһ޹翴ǰѳֹȴǴһս˵ţվҶࡣ
ɫһһλȫ֣


254 
ĪͿƽ̣ȥ峤ϵ˶Ըڤ𽻸ұǡҶĪͿ˵
ãԼСġĪͿһͷǱսŶȥ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ֮ԸңĿҶ㣬䡣
಻֮Ҷ㻺˵ǳĽףȻһףȴƾ㡣
ʵҶӰʥȻʥ֮ɣҽ֮׸Ǵһ
âǰ˫趯磬Ⲩˡ
ΪԼʵҶЦˡôɡ
̸Ц֮䣬ħ֮һϹʱҶڣ߿ٵ۳ʥ߻Ӱʥ֮ʱʥ߻϶ΪһʥϵҶʥ߻н飬ҶУʱʹָʥ߻
ʲôʵһ
ɡҶ㵭Ȼһ֮䣬ʥ߻Ѵǰһȭ˹ȥ
һȭһ˿ǿƣƫƫ·شݻһ㡣ϴʥϢܵķϢҶ裬ɫ䡣
ŭУ˫ﵼ𣬽ܽٴνʶһ𣬹˫֮ϡ˲䣬˫޴Ľ˫ﵣ·¥һ㡣
һ̤ǰȫʥ߻ﵺݺȥĽ֮䣬¥Ľʱӭһȭ
ɽȻ·ܻһСȻǿƽƽһȭ˹¥ĽﵱʱѿĽ⣬һȭȴֱǰӭ˹ȥ
ȴѾУ̲֮סֻۣΪԼɡ
ǿҿеˡ
ͻȻ䣬һͳƮͬỬĳУڿƮţȴͬĵһ㣬ΧĿռ䶼и飬Ťѣʥ߻һȭȻҲӰ죬ڿвѣǰ
ţһ׹ͻȻ٣ȴҲһöӣͻȻһԶȥ
ʱʥ߻ȭͻǣǰԶȥһȭȴǴ˸ա
Զһʮ̨ͨɴ£¶棬ͷͷƤ֮ϣĿҶһ㣬Ŀ͵ȴ˾ηȫ񣬷·ƤŹͷ
֮ϣ˺ʲݡ
ҶĿ磬ֱϣȴһɿʹҶоԼĿҲ޷ˡ
ԼһΣյĸо
˾̵ף޹ǿߣ
Ҷ㡣̨߳һ˫Ҷƶţͷܺãܺá
ʵ۷Զѩ˲ڤмҪڤɱĪͿˣȴӲٲҳ֣ڤʱԽѣæߣߡ
ܣ𷣣ڤʲݡ
̵ĴҶ㵭ʡ
ҽиʵ۷һĴ߻ͷ¶ЦݡĿ·ǿһеߣҶеħ֮ȴ޷֮͸Ҳ޴ӷֱ֮α
Ҷĳ˺εºܣȻҲԳɱҡҶ㿴Ц
һ֣˶оһĪѹҲֲͣսּͺˣԼΧЩƾԪʿæ˸ʵ۷ߣʲ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ̫͹Լʵ۷Ҷ㣬΢΢һЦڼǰϻδҶˡ֮󣬷ڤƽԪȴѾ¡֮ǰҲһ޸֮ȴδ޵ȴѾǳĽǿߡڤ㣬Ǹ޶ԣȴǻҿǷڤδסɱ㣬ڤûδ
֮ҶЦ˿ҶĳҶĳΪ㾡һɡ
˵ţرʥ߻ޱطǰȭͷŸʵ۷ȥ
ʥ֮ݻɵʥ߻𣿡ʵ۷ͷȷʵǺöȻһ̣һΪǿ֮һȴҲܻ˷ֻʥ֮ҵȷ˿Կưıһʥǿ߻ӣĽ
˵ţȴ̧֮ͣʣ̨зɳһöɫӣСһӱѿһ⻪ǹ⻪ʱǵأݻޱߵڰ硣
֮У磬СС˴֪߼ʣ֪·;һ˲䣬ʥ߻ͱ֮С
ʵ۷΢Ц֣ǵʱۼŻͷСٻСһ·зȥ
Ǹʵ۷ֻشеĵĪͿ򾪿ֶҶ㡣ܼʱջأԶѹĵ֮У
ƣҶҲӦʥ߻ڵ֮УҪԷߣʱսʥ壬ӿ֮Уħ֮ӿħ磬ʥʱʥ
˲䣬ڵеʥ߻Ҳӿʥ˫ȭ֮䣬СɳǧٿףӲƳһͨԵΪһϹأҶߡ
ʥ֮֮࣬áʵ۷Ҳȣֻ΢΢ͷЦˣҲƲʥ߻ˡ
˵֮䣬̨·ַһöӣơʱһ⻪ɳȴҶʥ߻һУѸٵݻһƬޱߵ硣
뷽ŵĵɫȣƺ޲ͬûô磬ֻһƬޱء֮УȴַӵҶʥ߻ΧǿַָΪڶĴ󸹶Ҷ㣬ſһżĴ죬ҪҶʥ߻˺ҧɡ
ϵֻأҵǶҶ㻷ΧһͷǵαǶ˰ɣ˷ȻѾγһ磬ʵ۷Ҳ֮ϣºԪӦͬˡסңȴ첻
ɲǼ䣬ʥħ߻ֶ˫һչ֮䣬ʥħѸٵ󵽶ؼĳ̶ȣ漴һХΪͬһһһʱ֡
ʥ֮а֮תϢУһйֶʵ÷飬ʥħص·ӳһڣǿޱߵ˱߼ʣ߼ֲСպȻ
ףʵ۷Ŀ΢΢仯ͷ˼ˣʲôȻͬʱӵй밵ֲͬһз밵ֻɱȴ֮γɴáã
˵̨֣ȴַһöӣ֮Ϊ⻪ȴݻһƬס֮أ֮Ʈ
ֻشеɣ
гʥϢַϵĿħ֮νҶħѹƣʥħҲ޷֮࿹һƬ绺ȴҪҶ˽С
Ը˲䣬Ҷ㱻ѹ˸Ǳһ󷢺֮Уʥħ֮ȴʥ֮У
ʱߵʥ߻йâǺޱϣȴͻȻŭݣ


255 ȸں
̧˫֣ʥ߻ֻУֱӿʥ֮а֮ʥ밵ħǹֱǹ밵ԼΡ
ʥ߻ȫηش̤ǰȻ֮Уʱޱߵ֮㽫Χʴ壬Ҫȫѹֽ⡣
͸ޱŭ͵شһǰ˲䣬밵һֱɫʥ֮кͿݻһµ
ʥ֮֮£һһֻתȴٲǱ˴ĥ𣬶ںһĽϳһ壬㣬ȴһ
˲ݻһƬأʥ֮£Ȼҵضҡ
ֶΣʵ۷бŷųʣ˺һ̨վ̧֮䣬ȫӿݣɢ·Ҫ綼Ⱦɽɫ
ôȫ֣ǳ߽׵ǿ߰ĪͿȵؿսֲز
߽ףޱŴڸоԡ
Ҷжϵķжǿ׵Ĳ඼һԽĺ蹵蹵ǰǿİҲֻӣ
ˣ˵ĽϷ𾪣һʱֻ֪ɴ۾ˣһС
ʱһ˻ȴ֮䣬һƥȫںڵĺսͻȻƾճڽϣһ׳ĺڷ߷Цʵ۷ɣ
ĽĦ棡
֮УӶĲ棬âݻһ׹֮һ±㽫ʵ۷Χ޾˻֮ӿڿи߾ǰ㣬Ÿʵ۷ݺ̤£
ãʵ۷֮⣬ǰ֮ɫȫʧϽݻһ׽ף֮ͬһ㷨ׯϣֳ˿ɱȡ
һǧֻÿֻжһһ𣬻һֻ޴ķƣһ»â֮еľȥ
֪СӷųϢͼı죬ֻû뵽ȻҪɱһСĽĦ޾ϣЦ͵ȫ֣ҪɱСһɲǣ㲻ҪֻҪһ޹ܵסʥźǱˣ
ʵ۷⡣
ֻƳײɲǼԶӴɢЩ̵ԪƾǿߣײನҲ޷ֵʱǱˤȥ
֮УΧĿռ䶼Ѻ۰ǽƻϣȻ
׼Ȼס޾֮ĽĦЦִ֮䷢ȴսʤҵ
һֻˣкο£ʵ۷ߡ˵˵ȴʵظӦһɻ֮ѹԼȻ߶Ƶס㣬ȴɽֻǷƣԼһףƺѹ֮·ʱըѡ
ҿһ󷢺ݣſڷһǺңȴͬа˳ڿײγһεĺһȥ
ʲôĽĦҡͷЦĲ̳㺮â۳ɵĺâ𣬲ײĺ֮ϣսһƿײɢķ
ȥɣһ˫ͬʱץסĲ棬һӡʱһ׵ߣҫ۵ĹâŸʵ۷ײȥ
ֻ˼
ʵ۷۷Źą̂зһöӣбѿųĹ⻪˲仯һƬ˼ϳǳ纣ޱ߿Ұֱӽⷨɵ֮С
һУʱϢǣԿصطֻǧ˼иⷨͬھ
Ҳ޵ʵ۷һ̨ٷɳһöӣըѻ⣬ݻһƬ޶ɱеһƬѪɫʬ޶ޱȣХĽĦΧȥ
зұû𣿡ĽĦҡͷһЦһӼ䣬һƬʱƶӭ޵硣
֮ʣͻȻǧӥĳХ֮Уһ˺ѣһӵϣ֮ɱ֮ʣȴ׷ױըΪѸɢĺ⣬ճһ󶴣ת֮䣬Ǿ޴ʧ˸ɾ
ʱĽĦһ޾Գ޾йâһ䣬ͻȻһֻǰҲ̧صǷ̤ȥ
ãʵ۷ɷһִ֮伱æֵȴѾ޷סͻһ
ֻһѹǷڶܲסѺۣ³ȥ
ʵ۷϶ұ㽫ɱڴˣĹƨ̣Ҳʹɢ˰ɣԪӦĽĦ淢һЦг⡣
ɾʱͻ
֮УͻȻһѺۣȴһһ㣬ǵѺ֮ɲӰѺ֮зԾһһ·ȥһ򱳺һץץһֻ׼ϽսеĽĦ͸ʵ۷ȣ󣡡
Уסҵ͵ɿһ⻪ʱԹϵȻ仯ķļꡣɼļʸÿö·֮һ㣬ŻһеϢͷ¡
¦ǣ־𣡡Ҷһˣʱ˳̲סѿڽг֡
ˣȨڤ¦ǣΣԷڤ־
ʱ־շڤ£·ơĿһɨ㿴Ҷ㣬΢΢ȴһ˿Цݡ
֮µĽĦ͸ʵ۷ͬʱһŭĴƴسȥʩڶԷϵҪһԸ꣬Ҫ̸ף
ƺУ˶֧ʸУǶѪ˿ȴǱ¦ǵ͵Ϯһˡ
λҵӡ¦΢Цأ˫־һеģߣ־ֳַڤ˻˿ûаη塣
¦ǣ
˼ͬʱҧгݵŭһǼδͣ£ȴòȫֵǿջصľԼļơ
ĽĦŭʢ¦ǣ̲סŭ𣺡ҶѣȴΪΰң
ѣ¦ЦˡĽĦϸ磬ֻв棬ûвѣ㲻֪𣿡
ΪýеˣҲڼĹΧ֮ڣʱĴסֻ˵ƾųȫֵ˵ȴ֮ǣһƾʿƴȫôҲܣֻм
ЩԪʿãȴһⶼһּ֮¡
¦һУش̣ɾ޴ʧ޵øʵ۷ҧ顣
벶ȸں󣡡ޱһüҶ㡣磬ô죿
û뿪ҶۼγǶ֮ƣʱλһսҵȿԲ룬ֻгǶ֮ʣߣ
ʥźأѩɶЩġ
ʱ򣬻ǱҪɣĪͿһü
ߣҶһץȡսʱʹ޶ݷԶȥ
ߣ־һҪ֣¦ȴһ֡
ѡ˸ʱ¦ǿҲҶߵķһ
ұΪһ͵Ϯشˣڿȴǵ͹λ֡˵ҪģǶԸǶˣҶ㡭õʥźеʱ䡣
á־صͷзڤңָλ֡


256 ޻
Ҷʹ޶ݷһ·ԶȥͻȻȴһɷϵסǰ·΢һüҪ֮ɢȴһƽԪ޹ĦӭƽԪݡ
Ҷһ֮ͣ⿪޿ռ䡣
ʱԶһ̤һâʮͣüãƤ𪣬òӢͷŽڣɫۡ͸¶ϢԱλ׵ǿߡ
λƽԪɣҶǰվĿɨˣͣҶϣ΢΢һ
ǡҶ㹰Ϊ
С޹ӣĦԷ΢Цҽܡ
μ¡ĪͿȴϵĦǰƮȻһĦæ񣺡ԭѪƽ̣ˡ˴˵֮أλ
˵ţǰ·ȥ
ߡҶһͷ˸ȥ
һ·Уֱ߳˰֮Ħһ֮СĦֱһլУϹ
ҵδϵƽԪôǿ޹Ħ΢΢һЦĿˡ⼸λԪӦĸְɣ
ǡҶͷһһĦ˴ˡĦһһ̬ºͣܵøС
ƽԪǷˡĦɸֻ̾ƽԪԽһΪʵۣҲǴ´ˡ
ԪӦ⻰ȴЩΪȻ
ĦǴһԪӦɫ죬ʱת⣬Ҷһ񣺡ƽԪС֮ƣƽ֮ңȴԭ̵ĿƽԪС֮ȴǲһ㺦ƽԪ
һε֪ʥź֮µģҶʡ
ڹ¦ߵһϸŷұĦ˵¦ǱߵϢ֪ʥź֮¡ұǴ뻳֣ȴִҰ̫󣬶Ȩڤֻ²ὫҷСƽԪȴɷڤδϣҲƽԪ֮⣬Ҫŷұ¸֮ƽԪ
ϧȴƭˡޱҡͷ˵ǸŷұֻҲ̵ˡ
ʲôĦһ
ֹˡҶ˵ҷȴʹֻµҲãҲãҪЧҵĶ󡣡
ԼãĦ׷ʡ
ʥźϢ֮֮ʱͬʱԪӦĽĦ֪˴£Ҫˮø룬ñ˴Ҷ˵Ҵ̸֮УҲõ˿̸˵ˣ¦ΪϸͬʱϢ¦ҡ
ô˵ȴƭңĦŭ𣬵漴Ҷһ֡лƽԪѡֻҪܴ֮ۡ
ҲٳڵˡҶ˵ŷұҲǸˣȻ֪˴βɰܣݶ¶Ҳ޹ʥźػȫΪС
ƽԪĦ˼Ƭ̣֣ضƽԪȻѾʶĪͿƽ̣ô֮£ҲѾ˽⡪޹ȴڤƣȻϻʼҹңʵϰѳֳȴ̡ʵ۷޹ףȴǸܡҲʹ˱ѳ֣֮һ֮Ʒǿߣ̸ף
µ˼סҶ㻺ͷƹԪӦ˶Ѿѹϵ޻ٳΪѣȴٺòķ£ֻҪŽһɲ𡣡
ҹȻûпƽԪĦͷǻ¦ǣȻҴ̸ƽԪԶȻ
һʱȴ֪˵Щʲôźá
Ҷ㿴ӵı֣ȴа̾ϲŭ֮ɫʲôдϣʶ֮ܣ֮ʱ˵״Ρ¦Уֻ㲻Ǹµĺһ㣬벻ķۣλ
ͬʱȴҲɲ̾Լ¦֮Ĳࡣ
Ϊ¦ǻ᲻мĦԼȴԸ⣿
ΪʵĲࡣԼ¦Ȳ̫ԶԼʹĦ֮ԼҲԸ֮ˡ
Լ¦ǰʵֺù˼࣬ίߣ
תһ룬¦ǲҲĽĦί߶ֱ꣬ڲ˺Ƥ
֮ⷲУжôǿҪⷲԼκҲⰡ
ȱżҶ˵ȴһ漰Ĵ¡
ƽԪ˵ģʥź֮°ɣĦʡ
·ġҶ˵Ϊ³лõʥź·ҿλ֤ܴʥźϵõʥ֮أزԷʣһ
Ǳáһ˷׷׵ͷ
˵ţȴһͻȻҶиӦһǿϢ΢΢ü
ȴһŷʱתͷ⣬Ƭ֮޷Զ򿪣һӰʱ롣
ȴһһʥµŮӣ⿴ģҲʮ߰ӡ磬òüĿ֮ȴ͸һɰȻ֮ɫ
ãĦŮӣһæӭȥʣôܵˣ
ҪҵǷڤƽԪŮҶ㣬͸мɫ
ޱĿ⣬ʱ
ãĦεһ֣ں£㲻Ҫְɡ
ˣŮһһָѩˣԪӦǷڤ˵ģҪʲôɵҲ֪ˣͲ֪֮ǻҳԱ𣿡
ãĦۼĿòƣһֹŮȴƺҡ
ҪԸ̣Ҳԣ˵Ը㡣Ů˵ҪЩİɣЩˣһҲǸʵ۷Ķֻ֣ǰʲôã
һ¿ɼŭˡȻ˵ʵȷʵˣ̬Ƚ˵ȴֱӳ˵˭ܵˣ
£ʲôˣޱڲÿڡԭΪ±ػᰲǵȫ֮ȴ̸֮ʱȴ˿ôͣ
λáĦæͣ޹幫ĦҶҸ谮顣ֻʮͣѾﵽ˳Ľ׵š
ʮꣿޱһһΪ൱أȴԭһλ㰡
˵ʲôĦҶɫһ˭㣡
Ҵϰ˾꣬дѵɣޱЦ˵
ôӣĦҶɫһ䣬ҲޱȣָޱСѾͷñģ
λǷڤĲŮޱŦҲĦҶ˳ۣЦһ幫Ȼϵã
䣬гЦ֮⡣
ŮĦҶޱһЦʮ߰ʹﵽףҲ˾ܳΪŮڶʮ֮ǰﵽĽףǰԳơŮɣ
Ľױ˲𣿡ޱһ㣬ʱںʱﵽףɸұһȣ
ʮʱʮʱסĦҶֱ˵˳ʮʱףʮꡪҲǽ֮ʱĽף
ӴʱŴһ׽װޱ̾һٶȿǿ졣
㲻ĦҶŭԺʱʱף
һ֮ڡޱĦҶ¶һĦҶ˾еЦݡ
һ֮ڣȽٴﵽסޱ΢ЦĳЩʱŴﵽ׵˲֪ǿǲǿ
㡭ĦҶֱҧ漴һʲô˭֪ûϣĽףҲԶͣڶ֮ϣ޴أ
幫òô񶾵˰ɣҶɫ΢΢һ
Ħɫһ䣬н


257 
һԮдϣһʳ谮ʵãȴҲҵ
ĦеΪѡ
˵ʵҶɫ仯֮ʣĦҶȴоһ⣬о֮ʣҲԼ˵Щ֣ԳǳĽ׵ĸ֣ȴϴǿϱΪţһʼɿȴͣǰ˻𣿡
ûޱͷһЦ˵幫ֹڳĽٲܴء
㡭ĦҶۣݺݵضޱͻȻˣǿҲŻʤԴҵˣһֱ鷳ãʿ£ʿķǾȶһ˭
ǿЦˡѩɲһüǳף幫ȴĽףʲôɱȵģ
ǡ֧ɽҲЦ˭вŻֲ˭ǿ
ǾǡĦæȰ⡣ˣԼˣ˺Ͳˡ
ʲôСұ֡ˣĦҶۣ˼˵ں֣
ǵҲ޷Ҷ㿴ĦһΪѵӣȴ΢΢һЦ
ʲô˼ĦҶҶ㣬ʡ
ޱһսҲ޷Ҷ˵ޱʲôСŮ
ǾãĦҶзŹ⣬Цһ
򲻽ؿҶ㣬֪ʲô⡣
ǽ̵˸մսһȴľƣҶ˵幫Ҳռ˰ɣմʱڴ˵أޱϢúһսΣ
ҵţĦҶһͷʱǿɱҸɷڡˣǿɲҹߣ
һ⻰ɶüжĦҶдͬʱҲҶ«ʲôҩ
ޱҲ֣̲סҶ㣬ҶǵĿ⣬ʲôҲˡ
áҶһͷתĦ£Һޱ׼һ侲ңǺúϢ
תĪͿ򣬵˵Ҫ鷳ĪͿƽѪλֵܣæ̽һ¸ʵ۷¦ǡĽĦһս
ġĪͿæͷ
ĦæΪҶ׼һ侲ңޱҶһСĦҶǸƽԪˡǻнڸʵǿߣǸʳ谮ıλȴĸҲҵ֮¡
޷Ҷ㻺ҡͷ֮ٲܺˡ
ƽԪĦε˵֪дֶεˣΣҵãǡ
ġҶһЦʲôʧ
⡭ĦҶ㣬ȫ²Ҷ㵽кδ㣬
ȥɣҪݵˡҶĦҲֻõͷ뿪ˡ
磬ǴʲôⰡĦһ뿪ޱ̲ס
֮ǰһֱ²ȴû뵽ҪǿҶһЦĦҶôһ֣ȴͻȻ뵽˴¡
ҼǿޱһȣѲ㻹ʲôӣҿٵף˵ԼȴţҡҡͷķӰ
Ȼ޷סҶ˵ȴа취ӵиǿսʤĽ׵ǿߡ
սޱ۾һ漴ҡҡͷǿȴֻħϺ󣬲ȫӡҾҲӲĽ׵ܷӳ֮ĦҶĽ׸ְȻǽ½׳ɹҲ֮ܶԸ˵İɡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰǻ𣿡
ն굶ޱһĲ⡣ڴﵽףǾͼûʲôôˣֻǶԸСɫʱԳֶѡ
Ҳãն굶ҲãԶ˶ԣ˲õǿ˫˫ǳеĸ֣ѲǷۣԸǿ֮ʱҲɲó
ˣޱȴֻ˿ԭҰе񣬶ն굶ҶտԨʯ֮Уһֱûʹá
񡣡Ҷͷҷȴ뵽ӵм෨дʬǣʦ˲õʦβ˼ҽЩʬںһȫ֮УʹһԾΪһǿ
ֿ𣿡ޱȻʡ
ÿСҶһͷ漴ִտԨʯ籮ռ䣬ǧ˳
ʲôңǧһԸԿռ˳üʡ
ʦҶһЦȻд鷳ˡ˵տԨʯռ֮ץն굶ץ˾ԪףޱʹɫޱæҲ˳
Ǹʲôǧһ
ʦն굶;Ԫ֮УҶ˵ܽʬҲУǾ͸ˡ㹻ĵĸۣɴӦòѰɣ
ʲôǧһָҪҽΪһ壿ʲôЦ
첻Ҷ㲻һ
ȻˡǧЦһʦҲƾ۷壬Ȼ˫ΣҲƾķ֮ǲܳɹġ
ȻҶҡͷ̾
ޱӣȴЦˣ磬Ҳʧʱ򣿡
㻹ЦҶ̾Ϣһıȶȴô죿
ʲôȶǧһޱʱ¸һ飬ǧ޻ս֮£ɴ󾪣ĦҶĽҲɶ
ʲôһȻãǲǻ𣿡
ֲޱĦҶ֡ҶЦһȴ̫ţȴǳĻ
ǧǱһʧǧЦ˵
ȷʵҶҡͷֻǽȴԾˡ
Ҳ˵ǧ˵ҵ˼ǡôû뵽ԼҵͽأһĶѾȫ̸㣬㱾ǳĽ׵ĳǿߣԶִ׾Ϳɳɹ
⡭ҶȻΣ죿ѧ֮ȴһֱûù
ǴţȴŶûУǧЦ㰡ˣӲͷƤҲҪˡ˻㱾õķɹǲޱޣжԿǿߵ˵ٽء
ҲãҶ㻺ͷµҲֻˡʦϹ¯һðɣ
ȡǡǧһͷ
ҶҲһץ֮䣬㽫ռеϹ¯ȡ˳ʱ¯¶ߣȴǧһ˳ǹ
ȡɡǧϹ¯̾˿ȻǼ˲õĺҲǶԳ߶ԡǣʲôôҲա
ʵϧءޱ̲סһ䡣
Ҫ֪ʬƳɵԳ˵Ȼʲô˵ȴҪıĪͿĳĽǿߣյҶҲɶݣɼ
ǿòϣǿҲвµģ˭Լ±øǿأ
֮µʿǣ˭ֲõǿıأ
ϣνǼֵǡһ˳ǹôϵȷʵ̫˷ˡ
ʱȴƺҲ취
ʱҶȴһ뵽һƷ


258 
ԼԿɡҶһ֣Ϲ¯籮ռ֮С
ǧһǡ
ȻԭҰ֮УôұԭҰ֮Ҷŵ˵ʦƴҵɣǵļҵ׻Ҫ˼أ
ԭҰǧ˰죬𣿡
ȻԡޱȴʱҶ˼Իϵյ¯࣬Ϲ¯Ҳһ֮ǰͷİɡ
֪ҶԭҰУһħ֮磬񵱳ħ֮ħ׶˽֮ҶһҪħ֮еħףںֻǴ³ҶԼ⣬Ҳֻһ֪ǧҶʦҲ֪¡
ȻҪҶΡ
δšǧҡҡͷҶһᶨ˫гŹâҲֻͬ⣬籮ռæԼȥˡ
а𣿡ޱʱСҶ㡣
ҪһԲ֪Ҷһͷ̧֮䣬һһӿ𣬶ʥ߻֮ԭҰⰵ֮䣬ʹ֮γһתݵķ磬ն굶Ԫһ䡣
С͵ʥħزֱΪСҶŽ֮֮ϣԭҰ֮С
ʥħϣȻҲ֮С仯ԭҰ
ɹˣ
Ҷһ󼤶ܿ־ޱһͷҪʼˣغŻҪҴš
áޱһͷűߡ
뵽ԭҰ֮УҶڿУۿڿлƮħ֮УʱȡޱĿȨ
ԭô򵥵£񱾾ħ֮ıķԭҶ㣬֮ޱҲܣȴױ䱻Ҷơ
񵱳ԼİҶ㲻ɻһЦ䣬ֱָħ֮С
֮ħ֮ȥ
ȥҲħ֮Уðջþ޴ѾǳĽ׵ǿߣħ֮ȴѾٲôη壬һֱС
ʱħ֮ħ׹֮УħŽΧޱħʼջвȫ֮ʣڵħӿ𣬴ħ֮У
ħסħħӰһ½ȻʧȴӰ١
ն굶ԪףҲɣҶּ⿪Сʥħأͷ˳
һ֣ħ֮еħסʱһħȴǴҶصʥ֮ںħ֮СǱʶҺħףһ··ԣֻȥȴǴݻ٣һδεĶʹ֮£ǿǡ
Ҷһʱʥ߻Ҳ˹ʥŷӳʥ֮Ҳ֮С
˲֪˶ã϶˵ȻҲӵʥ֮
ãҶһͷʥ߻֮Уһע룬ʱٷ仯ʱħħӰ죬Ҳк
ħ׵ľ֮£ر仯̬·ǽչܻһ㡣ҶĿרע֮ϣʥ߻ʩʥ֮ʹն굶Ԫܻࡣ
ͬʱתǧ̵֮ħΪϻʹǵ̬仯ԽԽ죬ȫħ׷ֻΪɫͬĽҺ
ȴĽҺϸмɵƺҺĴڣӿݣʵȴǹ塣
ҶСĽ˹ȥע뵽Ҳʰ߽״̬֮Сħ׺϶ϸҪΪͬʱʥ߻ʥ֮עС
ҶŬȴԿٽһһ˼㷢ʵе̽տԨʯռץһƿĸֱۣʥħطӡˣԭҰ֮С
Ҷӹĸۣʱ򿪣ֱӽƿĸ۵֮С
ںĸ֮Ҷ£ȻʼһΪһ塣
Ҳ֪˶ã˱仯߽״̬ڣȴΪӼ̵һ塣Ѹٳɳ׳󣬻һҶʿʽӵսףŷޱȵս
ǵǼףն굶Ԫ֮Σ䲢ͬаӰǲأƺʱԻĹɳˡ
ʥӰ죬뵶һӰһϣȴݻһ󣬿˸о
ãû뵽ȴô˳Ҷ΢΢ͷҪټǿǡ
˵ţʵ֮еտԨʯռȴֱħγʥħУ籮ռ֮ڡʥħ־ָɽʬǰֱ̧ʥħطʮʬǷӡУС˳Ҷڡ
ʥħؽʮʬǴԭҰ֮УҶ㽫⿪һ߾ʬħ׺ɷۺע뵽֮С
һע룬һ߽ʣµİƿĸ۵֮Уʬںϡ֮ʮʬǾ֮ڣħ׺֮£ٴη仯սȴʱɽʱɸʱɶܣǧ򻯣һ㡣
Ҳˮӿ֮Уֱ仯ʱɾ֮Σʱ仯Ϊͻ̬֮գһŤǶ֮ϣγһס
ãޱߵķҶоѾﵽ˼ޣԼѾٲܼκһʬǺϸ۲һŻͷ
֮ӿȣֱ͵һһ㡣Գָֻܷ֮ӳҪ˽Ϊ𾪡
Ҷ䣬ʱ֮ͻȻ֮ħףȻħ֮мɶҶԭҰ֮ϣһбȭħԭҰϿɣȭͷֱ£
̧ͷ죬ָ߾٣еսͻȻһܡȭħȭһڶϷһ죬ȴֱֻ΢΢һһʱȭħ÷˳ȥ
Ҷһ̤ʱбħ̧֣˪ɵľ㣬͵̤ȥ
Ҷָ֮£ȴܣǼֿܵǾһֻ̤֮ӾҡΣȴȫ֮ס
ħҶһħͻȻ֮ǰ˫ȭǰεڴٶ࿹ȭ˼סΡ
ǶϣһҲûС
ħҶٺһбʱħ֣͵ſ³һöö飬һöһճϣһΧ࣬ͻȻͬʱը
ĺУ߷һԭҰ£ֱʮĵطȻǵֵסɾ
һڿħȴ緽һ
飬ܵػҲκӰ죬Ȼս
ħ
һӰ㣬ȫƬףڷУȴϵ䡣
Ƕ졢أķħһ֣ɢޱħһһȭȥ
ļƣ
ĵӰֱӴ֮ϣɶˤٶ֮Զ
һȴվ
ˣҶǼ˵񣬲Ц


259 ˫ս
ԭҰ˳Ҷ֪ʱ侹ȻѾȥ˰һҹʱȴѾǵڶˡ
ȻôãЩ㵡ҸоȴֻǸʱ¡
ôɹ𣿡ޱʡ
֣вɹ֮Ҷ㲻ЦԭҰлʱȥԼеȫħ
ޱȵúϲ£졣ߴ۵ףзĳޱϲ
ʱԼעУҶİ£׾µõĿȨ
֮ޱָо˸ľϲսʤһǿеĸо޲ھȥĦҶһս
ϤһȻúϢһ¡Ҷ˵֮ǾȥǸĦҶʵ޻ҵУһȷشڣѹ
סޱͷ
Ҷȡսּȴ޿ռޱСĵ޿ռпƶϤʹ÷Ҷһָ㡣
֪䣬ʱţתȴԼõıȶ֮ʱ˷޿ռ˳ȴĦ
ƽԪǿѾ׼ˣĦЩεʡѾȲˣ˵ʱѾǻ
ҪǾʹɡޱЦŴš
аգĦЩǼʿ֮о޴Ĳ࣬ǧҪСģǿ
İɡҶ㵭һЦǻ㵽Ϊֹ
Ħһ룺⻰˵˰ɣ
Ժ֮УȴĦѱ˳ĸֶֻ֣ҪķڳȴǶв㡣ĪͿԪӦ˳ĦҶԺнⲽ˵һЦһΪЩкء
ãĦü֣ĦҶȴȫֻޱڤĴŮһ˿ɲҪ֮ȼ̫ࡣ
һˣɲҪʹ÷ޱһЦ
ʹ÷ȴΪֹһȶ֮ʱԷʹ÷֪һ˵ĦҶȴضᷴʹ÷
ȻĦҶȻһЦȼô࣬ұȶȻҪʹ÷ˡȻõűʹʹɣһССף˾ķֻҲӲ㣿
ǱáޱһЦ
˳һ·ųȥʮһɽ֮Сɽȴаٶ˵СɲӰأĦܣȴĦרһ֮أ淿֮һӦȫΧ̣ʺ϶ȶ
һʯ̾͵䳡ϣĦҶ󲽱ߵ룬ָޱ˵ôãҲ˷ʱˣɣ
ðޱһͷߵǰ
Ⱥ˵ñ˵۸㡣ĦҶ˵һĦ壬ƹתޱߣƹ֮е죬ޱߡ
ô˵ˣҲûʲô塣ޱҡҡͷֱӶְɡ
ҵģҲĽ֮ѹССףĦҶһĻѾ˵飬ȴҲԾĽ֮ױȶѹˣҲǷ顣
˵֮䣬ӿָһ֮䣬ȴһչ⻯ΪɼޱȥǼ֮죬ȴޱӦκη
ޱһжȴǿ磬һ֮䣬ԭҰ֮е
һ֣㽫սһӡսڻ֮ȴ仯һ±һǹھϣʱͱȥбŷԱһɽ£ʱһƬɽºϡ
ǳĽףȻޱɽ£΢΢ͷ
⡭ʲôĦҶ񣬲һȡ
һҲס񣬺شš
˷Ϊ񡣡ޱ˵ΪҴĻǲõģĽ׸ֶսҲֻˡ
񣿡һ˲ɶֹţܵϴÿ˶ɫء
Ҷ㣬ȴҶһʶ
ȣȴΡҶ㾹ȻԴĳʵȴ˵֮лҪ
ĦҶ㣬̲סš
ٴθеԼ¦ǣҶཻľȷޱȣͬʱҲԼԺޱֻҪ˼ֱ֣޷롣
Ҷ⸱ģȴʱ˼һЦ˵·ģⳡȶλﶼ£֮ĸ飬ҲӰ졣
ǱãǱáĦһߵͷһȴ𾪡
Ҷôаգѵ˵ĿʤĽףҲǳĽװɣȻԴʤķ⡭ֱδŰ
ֻƾ˵㣬ҶʵڣҲֵ£ύ
һ룬ȴֲⵣⳡȶ
ȻķĦҶһü޷ǿҲǳ׶ѣ
һָ֮䣬һ͵ָƣ˲תޱȥ仯һܣԾޱǰ
һײڶϣȴδ죬һɢһɾһ硣֮йͣɫĿ룬һλλӢӣƶޱЦԷ̣ƼȣΪȴ
һʱ䣬ޱȴںδ׹һ㣬΢Ц
ã
Ҷʱȴһü
ĦҶδȴһΧޱΣȴǿ֡
Ҷ죬иҶעʥ֮ȴвϵϵͨоޱʱޱⷨɰҡͷ׵ĲȻԽ˵ԷⷨһʩչޱԵֵˡ
ĿǵҶĿסʥ塣һ֮䣬ڷе֮ʥʱ˲佫ޱסȴʹʱָ
ͷȻ֮ʣޱȴԼҶԵĸоĴΪʷһХмܻΪһ˳ǹ͵̳һǹ̳ʱֳϰ׶ɫϳɵĹ֮ΣХȻֱƿǷ磬ޱɱ˳ȥ
Ƿڿоһ㼴ɢ
ʲôȻԻ˵񣿡ޱһѳ㳤һĦҶ΢Цʡ漴ֲһ䣺ϧûסҡ
㡭ĦҶԾСϲޱȻͻԼķеİɼ˼֡
ʵ㣬ȻҲȲ㡣ޱ˵ģȴ÷㡣
һЦ䣬ͻȻĦҶȥгǹһ֮ûʮ֮ӰХ֮
ȴ֮߸о񶯵һ󲻰侲
ĦҶֳһִ֮佫һӣʱһɫֻתֶ˲תɶľ֣ӭײ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬䡣


260 
ǵֵס˳ǹ֮ƣǹתݣϵĹַһĹƣȴһѺһѳ顣
֮ѩɵɴ۾ţ̲סһ
ڳûвġҪ֪ޱǳףⷨƵĽǿߵ似˵֮ҲѾﵽĽף
ӵгĽ֮ķ͵һλĽ׸ˣ
һھ֮̾࣬ĿͶҶ㣬Ǿη֮ɫ
ʱĦҶȴһǷѳ͵ع⻪һȴʱһƬĺ̲סֱӡ
һƬâ֮УЩƬ׷ײһ鱬ըǹƵסըĲҲȥ
ޱҲ佫񳷻ԣȥ
ʲôôôǿâɢȥĦҶ̲סС
㻹ǽޱЦˣŲѾ߹㣿ΪҴĳ
񣡡ĦҶҧǲ֮ɫ
˺ˡĦŻޱߣĿãȴƽ֣ٽȥҲûʲôˡã硭
£ĦҶȴһŵĦһͣסŲǰ
ҲóĽ׻򲻹㣡ĦҶţǿҲǳףһսʤ㣡
̧֮䣬һ⻪ҫޱȵٴɣϵת󣬽һӰСͬһС̫ڵһ㣬εһۡǹâ֮Уյ˸о̫ӽԼһ㡣
ӿУһߴ֮ϡ̫ףϣгŴֻ̡֣ؽǴУֱٱǿĹȡ
Уһ׵ʱоܣæӳԵֵʹˣǻǾɳĮ¯֮У޷סǹȣмæߣԶԶضʮԶŸоȫ
ڤŮбͽһҹ֣֮ĦҶ˵šһ㷢ɫҲԳһĨ԰ףϸǼ˺顣
ȻһҲֻǿʹȴѾעԼȫ
ãĦŻˣСѣǱ䲻ɱôʹ似
סڣĦҶһҲܶ˳ĽףʼҹϣܵסһУҽΪǲжܵסʱ°񣬳ԼŻԶңҲ¼ΩһĲŮ
˵ţȴ˼סϢ˵ޱвһеģɣ
Թô֪ޱӦȴ׳ӦɣսҵľҲԿֻ֮أ
ԼѡģĦҶȻѾƲסһУ͵شһ˫ǰƳ
ʱǹֱˣޱռתȥ
ʱǳһ׵Щˣ׵֧ɽҲЩܲס̲סȥĦȴֲô£ΪͬҲеֿ֮Եʡ
ҲдˣԶԶض㿪ͬʱҶ󺰣ƽԪְɣȰòҪ̫
޷ҶȴֻһЦޱҹֵ֮ɡҲͬʱôҿһ
Ħ֪룬Ҳֻս֮ϡ
ޱҹ֣ɫˮӦ֮ϵֻԼߣͷ·ҶԼһҶߣкοη֮£
ϣָǾ֣Ŀ޾⣬֫޾ȣһȡ
΢΢һ䣬ʱ˳ȥ˫һ˴ǹʱ仯ǹӴ֣ǹͷȴϵر󣬻һͷһľ޴
֮ϣֳһ·һʹǾ޴֮ϡ
ͷӰһʮλ񣬷Х֮˺ǰ
һӿ־ۼǴϣڱӳݺݴǹľ֮ϡɲǼ䣬ط·֮һ£ɽȵĵλ΢΢ҡΣʱɢ
ôܣĦҶɷС
˼飡֮У̲סС
ΪؿһλĽǿ߷ǿ似Ȼһλʿķˣ
һ֮춯أ䲻ϢĿѣĹ⣬ȴһֿԻһеľ޴֮ʣ޴ֱһѣĹ֮꣬Զշ
ټ֣һ֮±顣
֮󣬹潥ϨһָֻƽֻǰʯϣбսĺۼԶɽ֮ϣҲǿ
ս룬ִ·ɽһ㡣ҲǽۣЩ˶ȴӰ죬ϸֳһ˲Ľ۶ϡ
˵֫壬ͬˮһƬָ̼
ʱ񣬿ûһ
ĦҶԭأؿһȴѾ˵ֹڳйսߣʱѾ˵
ǶĿƺճһ㲻ƿ
幫ޱʱ΢΢һЦȻ֮ʤδֳ㷽˵ˣһУ͸ԸΪ𣬽һ֪һ˵ĻɷĻôŵ԰ɡ
⡭ĦսеĶˣһʱ̫֮ˣȴ֪Ӧδǰ⼬ֵ
ѵԼޱ°ݣ
ѵõ֮ǰĻ
һвͨ
оԼھȹϵһ㣬ܼˡ
ĦҶһ£ʱŻޱȴڿ˿ڣ⡭ⲻӦġ˵ţȴҶ㡣
ΣһСޱЦú𡣡幫Ǵôأ
ҡĦҶԥţɫʱʱס
Ϊһ˵Ļǽԣ˵ھͷڣȴ帾ΪοԼ
ڣùȴҪ˵ͷˡ
ҧҧԥ֮䣬Ҷȴ˹סޱ֣ޱʵ幫ҲǴ˸ƽֶѡҪȫȥĽ֮ղĶ֣㲻Ҫƽ̫ɡ
ҲáޱҶ㣬һЦ
ĦҶоЦ֮г⣬ŵҸһòЩˡ
ٿһҶ㣬ޱߣôΰ·ޱԶޱѣǿУôվߣ֧֣Զĸ塣
˲ĦҶͻȻĽ֮⡣ޱֻޱҸԼأ
ԼߺʱҲһԼԼҸˣ
ˡһȴճ̾һȻѵõسޱЦЦ
۱ʲôҶˡҲ㡭
˵ţſЦҶ㡣
ޱƺҲ͸˼ȴЦø𣬽סҶ֡


261 ʥ
ۼĦҶ䣬Ħȴһ
ô죬ȴû⡣
˵ĻġĦҶޱ˵
֮޳ޣͨѡޱȴһЦûʲôעü˶˵ĻġֻҪ֮ʱôҲˣ𣬾˰ɡ
ĦҶޱɫ΢΢һ졣
ʵ˵ǲŮޱ˵ҵļŽڷڤһȴЩΪˡ
ĦҶæҡͷŮкܣ˲õ
˵䣬ȴҶ㡣˼ȴƲޱĹ򣬶ܵõһλɡ
ջ֮ǰĻĦҶתĦ磬ЩѣƷ̡磬ԸΪ˳һҲ֮аɣҲԣһжǡ
ǿɡ̫ˣĦɳһ
ʱȴһУĪͿʱϳѪһλϣæӭȥʣǳɫأ첽Ҷߣ˵˵Ϣˣ
Ҷһ
ţҲʱΧ
ʵ۷¦ǺĽĦ˼ս޹ĪͿ˵ƺһЩȻһ̾Ͳ׵ճˣû֪˼䵽׷ʲôֻǸʵ۷ȴͻȻϸϺݴҲѰҴֻ׷˳ȥ
ôһ£Ħ΢΢ü
ѵʥźѩȴһĪͿƽ̣ȷȺһ𣿡
ĪͿǰŵĳϣǳʱһͷȺ¦ֱĽĦһǻ׷ųȥһ㡣ƺƶ޹ȴ͵˶֪˴¡
˵Ǹʵ۷ʲôƭˣΪȥѰʥźѩţʵλȴûԼߣҪȥʥź
Ҳ˵ʵʥź޹Уޱʡ
ˡѩһͷҲųʵ۷ʲ˳භĿܡ
ϺǱ߾ޱߴ󺣣޴½ҲʲôǿߡĪͿ˵Ҵﵽּ𣬸޾ɳĮ֮գʵ۷ֻɱܡ
ĿܣǸʵ۷ʵҲûеõʥź׼ȷλáҶ˵ȴ޷һõʥź׳Լ׻ɱ֮СȴȻֵõʥź׼ȷϢǾ˹ȥڱ֮ȵõʥ
пܣϸ˼һɶ˵ͷ
ô죿ѩҶ㡣
˵֮ǰԳǴ˵߸ڶֻ࣬Ҷ㵱ƽ߿֪Ҷǿ֮ȴǸĽҶΪϼߣԾΪ𣬶š
ҶֻĽףȴӵгĽķж£
ȴ֪Ҷܴĳȴں֮ʮʬǺ͵ĸۡҪҶƾķȴҲ첻
ν󡣡Ҷ˵ҲĵظȥҿҪȥδ˸Ļ̥ǣƣȴʹǲΣա
һ˶̲סͷ
ʱȴһλؽ˹Ħһ񣺡£һλԳƽԪ˵ṫӣƽԪ
ˣҶһʲô
ŷұؽ˵
ŷұĦȾһδȥȴҵˣң
ǣؽȥʱһɱ϶ŵģȴŷұ
£ƽԪˡŷұ΢΢һЦż˹ʩ
ŷұĦŭɫ㻹ң㣬㵽һˣ̣ӣ
ʲôСӡŷұһЦ²Ҫ˵ôҲ֮䣬һˡ֮ǰƭ㣬˵Ǹȴġ
˵ţҶ㡣
ƽԪȽ£ʲôʾͺãĦҫŷŭ֮⣬ͻȻǰһſƴһǷ˲佫ŷұΧȴĦҶʹǷһ޶
ޱ֮ŷұΧŮӻЦΧޱ磬ȴֻ΢΢һЦ
磬硢ɫ硢ɫ硣Է˵ջԵֵϧȴǷˡ
˵ţһ̧֣Ƽʱһ⻪һ顣ǷУ΢΢һξģӿд֮ڣΧǧ󣬱ʱŤңǷ֮ڡ
һ˱ȥ顣
⡭ĦȻȿеķ飬ɫȴһ䡣ӡ飿
ɱңද˵¡ŷұһЦһలΪǰҪ֮Ҷүȴ¶ˡ
˵ɡҶ㿴ŷұ΢΢ͷϴ
£ӦҶүѧѧ˼Ƿݴݵλߵ̬ŷұЦ˵
Ħȴٳ֡
ҶүŷұתҶ㣬һͷϴҳִϢȻδջ񣬵ҲڵʱһǲѣҲýҵɵˡ
Ҷ㿴΢ЦֻԼ˵ȥ
ŷұһЦ˵Ҷү֪ʥź޹ڣ
ϢȴһҶ˵֪֮أôš
ҶүޣܽѣȷʵŷұĿɨĪͿĦǾ޻һд̣Ҳû֪ʥź޹ڣϺһ֮ϡǵΪԴһļ紺Ļɽ
Դ
Ҷȴ뵽Լһ
һ½ȴδҲֻڽƹʱһκһǵϣõ籮Ʒ
Ǳе浺
һ棬һǻԴÿҪѰô⡰ֲַֻ˵֮ڤڤĳϵ
Լòֻɺϣһʱ벻ͨйؼ
ԴĦһüôû
Ϻ֮ϴС򣬵ĺ£ô֪ŷұЦ˵ȴ֪˵ȷڡλŵù£һѰŲѾǣǱȥѰɡ
οԼײҶ΢΢һЦŷּȻˣ㲻Ҫ˰ɡһͬǵᱦҲиӦ
Ҿ֪ҶүŷұЦҶүѾ׼˳õľ޽¾㱸ֻλˡȤһϺΣ
롣Ҷһͷ
롣ŷұһͷ
һȴף˱Ͽƺ̸Ǣʵȴﰵ˴ı㡣


262 ǧɶ
ѩʱͻȻһ˴޹ϺԶǧǾȫȥֻҲ˰ɡʱֻȴȥӭӻʥǿˡ
ȷʵˡŷұ΢Цͷʿֻڴﵽ֮󣬲տռԴӵسɴĸֶݷһ֮αǧ֮Ҳûпܡʵ۷¦ǺĽĦˣȻò˶þܵﺣߣȴɡ
ֻλŷа취ġҶ΢΢һЦ
Ҷүȴ˵ˡŷұһͷȴһطֻҪλĽ׵ǿ֮Ϳʱӵǿߵֶݷ
λҶһЦŷֲĽʿ˵İɣ
ŷұҲЦҲпܣ˵ǲʲô̥ҪĽ׸ֶãء
ɫһ䡣
ŷ˵ЦҶһЦָָޱҸΪޱԴﵽӽǿߵĵزģ˾ƣޱһҲԮ
ҶүȻšŷұЦŵͷ
˵Цȥ·ϵõѣȴ˻лȴǱ˴˷š̽š
ôŷطɡҶ˵Ц֮󣬻ԡ
ˣλֹΧվáŷұһͷ
ɻش˹˿Ҷ󣬴ԸаģȴŷұķԸվáŷұҪҶ㡢ѩɡĦҶĪͿλĽ׵ǿõķλվú󣬻ȡһӡ顱
㾹ܻô˵ҷǰ˼ӡ飬㾿ʲôͷĦеķ飬ȴ̲ס
޿ɷ档ŷұһЦֻҪ֪ҽǶʥˡģҪ𣿡
˵ţͷͻȻһֻһһߣӡ֮СʱųĵâֱλĽ׵ĸ֡
Ҷ̹Ȼ֮ܡ˼ˣҲӵֿ֮
лλΡŷұһͷұΣֱǵﺣߡ
㲻ʹݷһֱԽ󺣵Դ𣿡Ŧ̲סʡ
ǳһףŷұЦˡ
ΣŦ޴ӶԷһ㲻м֮⣬һü
Ƕʥˣ񡣡ŷұЦ˵Ǿ֮Ҳû˿СԶݵǡӵءУԲԣԿƿռ֮ʹöݷݵظԶҲԣֻǴ̫ˣҪ˵ĳȶԴ˵С̶̵ָһضѡ
ˡŦɫһ죬ˡ
ôרһ㣬ʹöݷ֮ʱҪٴҡŷұˣ˵ͷ֮󣬲Ż
ӡ֮ϣһ֣һƪģλֵϡ
ҶĿǾģÿһֶԭҰ֮Уħ֮ڡɲǼ䣬ڤֱڷɳȴǽƪĶ˹
ԭҰ֮Уһı㲻һɫ΢΢һ䣬ʱջĿŷұŷұҪֻ
ŷұҶ㣬һ˿֮ɫʧ
ô£ѩʱʶԣüʡ
ûʲôŷұ˰ֻ֣طЩԵڣҶүӦˣҪԼλˡҶүǱ߻һǿأҸҶ𣿡
ҾáҶ㵭ЦЦŷֽƪ֮պãҪˡ
Ȼŷұ˵ͷٴӿ䣬ü۷ųâӡ飬ɢľȴ˱仯
Ҷ֮⣬˿Щȴȫԡ
֮ǰҶĶЩģȴһͽԽ֮ʹݷľġȴһСѹƹԼ֮вľġ
ǻ˱ˣ㿴öЩģȴҲ޷ֱСξǷǰľͬΪһƪҶεѧʣС˳ΪСѧ֮Ҳ԰£Щȴƪĸ룬Ȼŷұӽġ
ȻҪѡ
ŷұȴҲɵӣȻҶѾԼʱЩġ
ҶŲٶԡ
˼Ҷ㲻˵ʲôҲһ£ȴŷұ˷֮ģʱ̶Ҷ㣬ֻҪҶʲô춯˵ŷұǴ˲֮ģʱԼҲҪһʱѲϲߡ
ŷұȴδʲôֶΣü߶ʱһ˰漴ˣϷٶȥ
λ֧ݷĳĽ׸֣Լŷұ⣬޲оΧƵתһʱֻͷĿѣǿվȶס
ѩӰȣͣʱȴٶӰ죬Щ˷ܡ
ҶˣȴؿԼƶ·ߣ·ǳһֻƶľһ㣬۵糸Ѿ֪Ƴ˼·ȴƶеһˡ
䣬ʱƶйȥŷұȴطеĹâ˸оԼŲʵ֮ϣһѣ֮ȴо棬һƬޱߴ󺣾ɫ
ʱ䣬ŷұݷ֮Ϻ֮
ǵˡŷұЦһָﴦͣһҴ󽢡˽ΪţǱҲѽҡȴ⺣ѡ񡣡
˵ţַ̧ųһݻɹ⻪ըѣ޵Ǵ֮ΣӶ˱ۣ˸ȴں֮ˡ
֮һСԷŴٵػ˹ݴˣȻƾĸ֣ʹ֮ݴǰʹںһ㣬ת۾͵˸ǰ
λϴɡŷұСζϣվλƾٴηƴŷŶȥת۵˽ǰ
ŷұʹϣֻˮ֣Ȼʥ伶ʿְλָˮߣԪɸ̾ŷұ֮ǿ
ĦˣҲɶŷұ࿴ͬʱ̲ס²˵˭
λŷұ˴ϣˣֶ˴ε⺣ԴʥźҪԵȴ¼ΪļλǿߡλҪ֪Լ֮УһĴڣ˾ǵԣеκһ˶ʲôҲǡ
ĻȻ֪ǵѻѶ϶ҲһǼе֮ͷ
ˣ˴ȴҪŽһġŷұ˵Ǹ˽ģδñǰű˴ƣôҪ˵ǿˣԼ¾Ȼɱɾ
ʵֻҪŷֲģǶû⡣Ҷ㵭һЦ
ⷬȴ˵Ҷүġŷұ̾˿֪һȺ˶ҶүǲֻҶү˶Դ󣬵˵ϲҵİţҪˡ
ġҶͷֻҪ㲢ģұ֤ͬۡڴ˵ã˭õʥźҪԷʥ֮أͬʱλǰʬܺҪλǰúðᡣ
ҶүǴ֮ˡŷұһЦЦݸӣƺǳޣƺǳ
Ҷ㲢Ϊ⡣
ΣҵʥźֻͨŷұʲôıҲֻܼвˡ


263 ־
ų˷ˣֱ⺣ȥһ·з֮ʱ﷫˳У޷֮ʱλʿֱ㷢ƴţʹʼձȫǰ
˽ʮպԽһĵϡǵ֮˼ΪǴ½һ㣬ԶʱһߵɽȴǱ׼ĻɽڲɽγһƲ㡣
ŷұָ£һȻγɵĴ崦êͣ¡һСۣ˰ϡ
⵺ܣɽθӣŷұȴƺϤָһ·ڶȥȥ
һ棬Ѿӿٶȣ֮ʱҲжѡȡҰ޿ʳŷұŷұȴ˵յ鱨ʥźڵɽ
ǻɽǲԶɡ˵뵺֮ǰڴұѿˡ
⵺֮󣬼ͬڤһݡŷұһЦдССʮɽ㿴Ĳ߽һѡλżǵĽиܵˡ
ҪСλǿ߰ѩ岻ĵضˣж֮ʱһҡһеһλע⣬Ǿˡ
λһҪҵĵǲšŷұ˵
ŷֶ⵺ƺϤҶʱʡ
һнӡ֮ŷұһЦָָĦΪҶү˵ֻҶүš㷳͵һ°ɡ
˽Բ֪ӡкãһĦ
ҲʮĦ˵ӡ飬˵Ƿ߷ɷ֮ʱ˼ı˵ܹأһ˵ܻñ˵ľĵãǰ˷似ʹϰõĿܡ
˲ɶݣһŷұ
֪Ϣ󣬱취ҵһλ򡣡ŷұ˵ڴ˵Եľ䣬ȴȫҵˡ
һٲȴȫа˼ֻŷұǰ¶ѹ׵ľٱѧȥǲ
һҹ£ڶգŷұڶȥһֱպȴһƬƽԭƽԭľϡ裬ǰߣһƬԭڲԭ֮ϣһ޴֣ռ˷Բ֮ء
һǱϢһ°ɡŷұһ˵ţһȥС
ڶȥ֮ڴʱһϢȴΧȴδ
ѩӰȴ̲סǰɻñޱֻ֣ʣѩӰǸӦʲô𣿡
ѩӰǻش
ޱæתҶ㣬ǰҶȴδһ㣬ǰȥˣޱߵˣҲԹԵԼģ·ûпޱѩӰһ㡣
ôˣޱһ֮ʣȴͻȻѩӰҲűʧ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻʣԼһˡ
ɸоһëȻ
Ҷ֮ʣȴԼӦһֵĸо̲סͣ˽Ųܡ
ҶүôˣŷұҲͣ΢Цʡ
ʱҶ㷢˷·ûпԼһ㣬ȻôԼߴ󲽶ȥǰȥͷ·Լ͸һ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ȴֶʧоֻʣŷұˡ
ŷұô£Ҷɫһħӿ
Ŷ֡ŷұһЦȥĦ˵ӡĹãϾ֪֮١ɣӡܹ֮أһǼ֮չ鼺ãǻ˾ĵ䣬Ƿ似ģɳ󣬽СصռԣԶߣҲѳ
˵ţ΢΢һЦҶ㣬¶֮ɫԼۺܲһ㣬ƺԿαϧȴǿңΪӡߣ֮ԱǷԡм٣
֪ҵǰزġҶЦֻδʱ㷢ѡ
ΪҪ֮ʥźҪʱŷ𣿡ŷұЦˣˣҶ㡣ҵĿ꣬ȴɱ㡣
ô˵˵ظûʲôʥźˣҶʡ
ȻŷұͷҲðգҪ֪㣬ʵ۷¦ǺĽĦҲ⵱Ҳ⵺תѰǸڴ˵صʥźأ
ʥźںδҶʡ
ҵĻˡŷұ˵ҲּԷĩ·ʲô˵ˡҶ㣬ˡ
˵֮䣬üֻ̧ۣ֮䣬ӡѾա
˲䣬֮бһߣٶƵ磬ת۾Ҷǰ
ŭѼҺΣҶһ䣬ȴ˹ȥһֱԶϣʱ漴մȾʱή˻ҳ
似ǿȴҶһЦŷұΪϴһ𣿡
ҳϴ򲻹㡣ŷұһЦȻΪǴţǰȴʱө֮¡ŶòѾǳĽףٶȣҲ׷ϡ𼱣䶷㣬ȴù㡣
һ˵ţһ߻ӡ飬ɫͻȻһ֮䣬ӡͻȻӿޱ߷ɢ˲佫ְ֮
ҵ֮УЩ·˹ִ֦壬ڿб֯һֻ֮Σ֮͵Ҷ
ӡĿ֮ҶһͷȻЩŵɣȴһࡣµ㣬ǳףҲ֮ȴҲκҲá
˵֮һ̧֣ħ֮צƾնһ½ǾĲסϻյȫȼգ
ʱһŭͻȻ˳һ峤ɵͻȻƿգƾճ֡
ȫоţǰצһ̧֮䣬Ҷ㵱ͷץȥ
һצץΧĿռ䶼֮·綼֮ݡ
һץ֮ƴȣȴԶԶŷұ磬ҶҲо˼ȵΣաʱһһȭǰ
ļƣ
ĵͬӿݻ׻ȸ䣬֮ŸԵϢӭһצȻУȻޱߵһצײ
ڿһڣͣȵؿҶ㡣
СȻ
ҶĿԼȴһϤĸоͻȻĿһʳ籮ֻޣ
ң⻰ʱĿһСһΪ׷ɱңЩ浺ϡʳޣ籮֮ɣѳ˳֮ȴҪЩ׷ɱߣһһ𣡡
Ҷ㣬ڽˡŷұ˵ǰֶԸһǿҲһѣ
һҶ㵭һЦֻ㻹ûǸ¡
ÿСŭٴſһֻǰצޱצۣ⻪
ŷұֳӡ飬ԣҶ㻢
ҶĳεºܣȴǿıһһҶֻǵЦ
ħӿסʥ塣


264 ǿƼ
צϣâƣŷұüҲâϵӡǾ޴ֶ֦ѣһ
ɱ㣬ȥѰЩ׷ɱߣҪһһɱţצ͵һ̧ҶץȥצڿԽԽ󣬷·һƬһҶ޴ӵĸо
ɡŷұһӡһӼ䣬һҶȥ
ͬʱŷұֱֱֻۣһȭͻһƬƬŤĿռ䣬ӳһƬһ㣬Ҷȥ
ձǼʶҵҶһһ
ԭҰ֮Уʥ߻ħ֮зɳħٿȻҶ⣬ʥһ
һΧâӳ֮£ɢ͵ʥ֮⡣
ͬʱʥħҶ㱳ֶеİħǹڵа֮ϵʥɢʥ֮⣬һʱʥħء
һŷұȴֱӷʥ߻ʥ߻̧֣ͬһһ㣬ʥħУʥ֮ͣʹ˴ڣѭת
У͸һּᶨĹâһǰ䣬һʥħ˳ȥͬʱһֻȭͷ͵ǰ
һȭƽƽ棬ȴ·硣
˲䣬ʥħת֮неӡУŷұŤռ䣬Ҳʥħһɣȴǰסǵص֮צţʥ߻ȭͷѾ򵽡
һȭצ
˲䣬ľ촫һȭ֮շתЩϣɷһܣĽ׵࣬ôܵйѾﵽ׵ң
գһ浺ϣȴǾ֮ġҶ˵㲻֪ڤڤ⣬ղ֮ж𱨣ɱҡˣȻɱǿ
ƭңһ֮ͽαթ֮˭Ҳţֻ֪ɱ־߽֮ɣҽøǿ
˵ţצɵâצϡ
ңҶһüȻֺ֮ģҲˣ
һ֮䣬ʥ߻ȭӣʱҪ֡
ʱһȴԵͷţΧĿռҵһ𣬾ͬһѣҶʱ㿴Լһˣȴ߲Զ֮һ
磡ޱȻҶڲԶɾһæɱ
ŷʲôһҲɾȶ
Ȼ˷Ŷ⳾ȻͬУ˴ȴڲͬĿռ֮С
Ҷȴ˵̧ͷ죬ۿӰն䡣ֽýһԿ£һЦûʥźûаɣܵõޣȴҲǾ޴ջ񣡡
¦ǣޱ̧ͷɷһ
Ǵ˳󣬵նߣȴǷڤȨµĻ¦ǣ
ߣֳַڤߣ־
ô£ôѰŷұ̧ͷֲزȻ䲻Ҷ㣬ȴλڤȨĻɵ
̧ͷ죬һȳ֣¦Ѿһȭһˮһ㣬ʱϡ̧ͷǹȴֽѹȥڵϣһһ㡣
ǿ̲סֵشУǼ׵ࣿŷұôôǿļһڴ˵أ
һ߽ţһ߷ǿԵ
ԹԸ£ʥãѹ¦ǴʱѾ˵ϣǾ޴һȣͨԵȴС֮ǰȴһֶصĸоʹҪоȣԵСˡ
ʱ̧һѹбʱҷ裬תۼݻһΰĵáǵóϢһ±ѹϣʱѹ£ɣ˵֮ڡ
Ҳģڵдͬʱкײ֮ԵдȻڵ֮ƴ
ҺòﳬǽͻƣﵽףôȴЩѹ
¦Цݣ˿ŷұ˵ͷڼ֮䣬Ϊˡ
㡭Ϳˣŷұһ¡
Ϊɵӣ¦һЦ˿־𡣡ôʱ䣬ҲδúλէܵҾټΪΪȱȱֵزǹԣ㣿
־ɫ䣬ֻŷұЦ
һˡŷұȻһЦ
֪㱳˲õ¦˵˵ĵϸңʥźȫ˵ұ֤һ㰲ȻȥԴشݺᡣ
˵꣬תͷҶһЦƽԪҵĶԹһٽ١
ǵĶԹ־Ҷ㣬һ䡣
Ҷ΢΢üһȴ³ʱ۽Ҷߡޱʣ磬ô죿
ʱһЦȴͻȻ˹
ǻֶÿٶȣȻһõرȴˡ
ЦУһλѮ뷢԰ףŽ۵ߴ󲽶һվ¦ңңšҶϸ۲죬ȴò¦Լмơ
ʲ¦ǿߣһü˼ҲڶݺúôţôҲܵ⺣ˣ
Ҷһ
ڤ¦⣬зصʮλģǶ¦롣λǻʵ¦ĲһֱԳԽΪ֣żǰﵽ˳ףʵ¦֮⣬ʵǿߡ
ΪֻһϢͨ¦һЦֶʲҶȨûʲôȤȴǷǵõֲɡ޹ȥҾţʱ̫С벻˱ۣȴͬˡɣﵽ˳ףȴص֮ֶøΣ
ǿɲɣ
һֻһĸߴԼʮߴ󲽶㣬ֻһ޴ţͷףͷţһͷڿСУһһ೤Ĵսȴһ磬ǻףõס
ϸ켫ѩһ
ԪӦϸϵϸ켫ŦҶԵ˵ʵﵽ˳׵ǿԪӦڶǿˡ
ڤ͢еڶǿߣԪӦڶǿ߶
Ҷ΢΢ü
ⳡ̿ɾ˼ˡ
ϸ켫¦Ҳϵ΢΢üҲˣ
ϸ켫ɭһЦرеߵ֮ûϡ¦֣㲻¦˽˭ʵ˭ɵã
⻰Ұ
˵ţȴһ˴󲽶һڤװ磬Щһͷڷɫ󣬿ȥ·ֻʮ꣬ϴ΢Цȴһɽĸо
˾ͽɣ¦һ
˾ͽɣޱɾһæҶ˵˲ã˲ã˾ͽǷڤʵһĳһɾ֮Ѿһٶˣ˵ʮǰʵʹﵽ˳߽ףôôࣿ
ôǿƼ⵺Ҫˡ
Ҷ㲻ɰ롣
ͻȻ䣬һ
һеôˣ


265 Ⱥ۴ս
λǿ߶Ŷ˴˼䶼Ŀⲻơ
Ȥ¦ǻˣһЦȻ۽ôǿߣһСôֵǮô
ֵֵǮϸ켫Ц
ֶġ¦ĿˣԼˣռ˱ȥֻҪӦôãʲԸǣ
˵꣬ת˾ͽɣ˾ͽɣôҲǷڤǷڤ˵ŽһĲǰɣ
ϸ켫˿ˣɫһ䡣
ʱһԶţһ̨Ÿʵ۷ݵĿˣ΢΢һЦССһ¾۽ôǿߣֻƾ˵㣬ʷˡϸ£ڴˣϲǷڤһռ˱ˡ
˵ţȴԶһƬӣ˵ǱߵҲɡ
Ŀһ˹ȥֻӻ߳һˣ뷢԰ףһƤ¿㣬ļǽ׳ͿȥѮࡣ
λ˭ϸ켫ԷԪӦƣ۾һ£֮ġ
Ϸ򣬽ƹﻢ߽ԣĿһɨͣҶϣȴǰһ֡
ƽԪ
ǽﻢǰҶҲ˵λƹ֮æΪ
ﻢҡͷһЦǳ׵СɫĪ˵ЩͷǰƽԪǰҲСˡ
ǰҪ˵ҶһЦƽˣһˡ
ϸ켫һüΪܶһȴϾȻǷڤһˡ
ƽԪ¦Ҷ㣬ֻ߾ǳǿߣһЦҲǷڤ첲ɲաһЩɱˣȻ󡭡
壿
һУһƥսɱǰͣ£ȴ޾ԡֳִĲߣĽĦ档¦룬纮磺ǿЩڤӲ壡
Ŀһɨϸ켫ѩˣ˵ǶԪӦ񣬱ڴˣΰݣ
μϸ켫һתʱһ֣ȴûаȥ֮ˡʩȫ񡣵ôޣ׳ԪӦ
ãĽĦһͷѩ壬أ
ѩܵλ߽ǿߵĿ⣬ֲ΢΢ֱĽĦ֮ʣԼĲж鲻ԽҪݵȥĽĦ
ʱҶħӿȴ֮ǰĽĦ΢΢һЦڤһһˣԪӦҲ⼸λɣ
ãĽĦ΢΢ͷȴѾҶ˼Ҳ¦ǣҲҵѰԸڤˣǹƽס
ת¦ǣһЦ¦ǣҶѣǸ񣬿ϧΪձɣȻ͵ϮңɱҲˣ
ѣ¦΢΢һЦðˣԪӦô棬ʵڿЦϻ˵Ҫޣ㶯ְɡ
Ц֮Уϵӿйâ֮䣬һ⻪ǹ⻪˲ݻһˣһ½˶С
ٱ仯ݻһԹ磬һ½˶С
磬ô죿ޱܣ̲סҶ㡣
භҶ˵ǵʵὫЩ˷ȴóҵԹȻסңȴҪųȥȫ
˵ţħ֮⣬ȴԹ翴˸
ƽԪܿⷨ󣿡ﻢȶʡ
ⷨҲûʲô˲𡣡ҶһЦǰϢǴͷѪٶֲ١
ĪͿʹһˣʱȫ֪ǺãҲֻŽҶߣĺ
ССԹס𣿡һԹһĽĦЦһ޾һ˻֮У͵ڿն𣬾ȻֱԹײһŻ׵ѳ˷ơ
̫С˰ɣϸ켫ʱѪ⸡ǴնƷԹѳ
ôԼҲҪס¦ʹԹѳ
ΪѹûǵԼˡЦУ˾ͽֻһӣԹ˺һƿڣҲ˳
ʵ۷ȴһֱӷų⣬ڽⱣ֮УԹз˳һԡ
𣬽ҺУշڤ¡¦ĿӼ֣ߵ־
ǣ־һͷ
˲䣬¦һ֣־ʧȴռ䷨֮С
ǻֶ㾹ȻڤһСʹã¦벻΢΢üƺ׵ɣ
Ҫᣬᡣ¦ЦһùĨңҲüװҪҺͬԵС
ʲô˼¦ɫһ䡣
ûʲô¦ǻ˵ֻ֪Σս֮Уһŵսѣȴʮλǿĵ˻Ҫ¡ԡ
˿¦룬ֿ˿˾ͽɣ΢΢һЦλҲ˵ʲôͬǷڤˣ˼ʣҽЩᱦĶᱦˣ˭ܶر㿴µı°ɣ
ã˾ͽ֮ɫ˵ǷڤһˣһֱԵʶı¡ջ˵ⷬȻҪһ֮սˡϷҲˡ
Ҫһ֮սҵȣʵ۷¦ǣ΢΢ҡͷȴ̫ԸˡɣҴӦս޹㣬ֻҪȽҰ꣬ұԸЩˣΣ
ꣿ¦һЦ֮㻹ỹңʵ۷ŪСˡ
ĽĦЦʵ۷Ŀг˳ûԼȥƨɣ˳Ц
ʵ۷ƽϣԳһ˿һ¦ǣԼ˼ѹ֮£ޣȻҪ֣ȴһ֮ΧֻҲֻ·һɣ
һ֮¦ǻ˵֣֮һҹǱ֮ʱ·ȴ·ǵ·ȴ·
ãϸ켫һΪڤһ˵ĻжǿȻֻһˣս֣Ҿ鿪쵶һն˵ɣ
֮Уϸ켫ȷѪӿ֮䣬һԾֽǴ󵶽˹ȥѪɫڵţԭСһ¦Ǻݺ¡
УѪ֮Х·ѪУ˿ΪõŶ
Ѱĳǿˣ¶Ҫѳֲסη֮ģʧ˵ֿ
¦ȴ˲һֻۣǽһץɲ֮䣬ֳһֻ޴䣬Ρ
һץ֮ʣץһսһ
ʱһֻؼװľֵ֮ճ֣һץסǴսһ
ײ֮ʣѪһ±ײɢȥϸ켫һУ˱շ˳ȥˤԶ
ʱĽĦȴѾĲ棬â¦С
ʵ۷ͻȻ̨վֳǧֱֻۡǧֻУŲͬʱһڿ۳һűе¦ֱȥ


266 Ӧ
ɣɡ¦۷žâγɷ𣿸ʵ۷Ƿ𣿡
̸Ц֮䣬̧һץʱץһĴǴϿɽڤӣ˼䣬ȴ·ǰһ㡣
¦սǴһ֮ӭǳȥͬһʱǳ⣬˷ɢ˳ȥεۡ
¦Ҳ̫ˣ
¦ǷԹ֮УһͨҶյĹâսĶǴĪͿɸ̾
һ֮λ֣ȣͷҵȿɱȡ
̲ס˵
ȷʵҶ㿴˼սҲɰԵͷ
¦ʱΧ治ɫԶԣһս˸ʵ۷űĽĦ޾۳ɵľһ̤͵һսų𣬻޸İһ˺ѡ
Ȼս౻ӵıը֮٣ҲѾ𾪡
ֶһУͱֻʲҲˣ¦һͬץһ޸ּ䣬ǸУ¦ֱȥ
ѿո
һ޸ԽתԽ죬Ƭ̼·ǻһ磬ĺХ֮֮¡
ҲϷһ˾ͽĿһּ̧䣬һսͻȻǰȻĿռ䷨ʱÿռ֮˲佫սȡ
ǾսġޱԹжҶţǾ֮Ͼ֮ʿٴһ
Ҷ̲סס¦ǣֻȿ˵ĺϻ
˾ͽɽսȡʱһսһһÿ˶оؽ㴫ķһ˾ͽϱ㸡ֳһһعȫϣ·𻯳ס
Ŀ¦ǣ͵ֱ˹ȥǴ֮¦Ƕȥ
Ϊڤȴ뱾棿¦Ŀּ̧䣬ͻȻһӵԲǾӳ⻪¦ǵӿһ뾵֮⻪϶ΪһͻȻǰ
þ
˲䣬ں˷Ĺ⻪㻯һãޱߵС磬һ½׵ľУ¦սеսӭ¦ľ޸ȥ
Ȼ֮У޸Ĺɢ¦ȻԶȴǱ΢΢һ˼ɫü
ʱǾȴѾ˺Ƿ磬˳
¦ǣΪʲʿ𣿡˾ͽⷨϷ֮ɣһȴҲ似뷨ɣսѽһеһȴסң
˵֮䣬ǾѾ¦ǵǰ¦͵䡣
ǧУֻ֮¦Ǵһ͵һԾеս˻֮磬žȭͷȥ
ײһʱ죬ΧĿռҲ֮ս֮·ܻأײ֮¾ҵضţһһ׷ɢɢʧ١
գȴǼǿͦųһ⻪ٴȭ
üһ˾ͽȴɳһһѺа𺳣Ǽ˾սһĹЧһȴĶ֣¦ȨڤȻĵȴСˡ
һ룬һ¶Цݡ¦һϣڿУȴѵֿһȭһ㲻Ҳɽش
λַ¦κˣԼֱܳ˵¦ǣȻǸһͷʮӡ
ɲ꣬¦ȴѾһ𣬻ʲô
ɲ֮䣬¦־ͻȻһ⻪ȴ·֮пһŻ壬ֳӡĺһӿһһƥҲƵĽȻһӳһɨ塣
ڤ֮㵲ס𣿡־Ծдδ䣬ǱӹľѾɢʱΪ룬ڰŻͼн֮䣬ȴնΡ
ܣ˾ͽ۾ɵϴ󣬡Сô
Ƿڤ֮¦Щ˵ҷڤ֮ڤýӽΧߣɲǼʧءӰ죬һʱʧأױն𡣡
ڤ˾ͽɾ㵵صš
ʲ㾹ҽ̫ܸˣ¦ɱ
㲻ҲѾ̫񽣽˱ʹ𣿡¦Ц
˵ڤȴǵһˡĽĦͷұչ֮ǰѾҴЭ飬ʹԪӦ֧֡ΪڤڼĴûᣬѾڹٲСΪ飬ȴԸΪڤƽ˷
˵ЩƯˡ¦ƮȻأһЦҪޱֱ˵ɣƲǣ
ɱʵ۷ȴֱӣֱ͸ɱ⣬һ֡
ʱһ¦Χ˹ȥ
Թ֮УҶۿ¦ֳսʱ־ʹ÷ڤȻסλ֡ڼս֮УȻΣȴܷ׻Ȼˡ
¦ǣҶԼ֮Ĳࡣ
¦ǣ񹦣Ϊڤ룬ҷڤµһǿᶯҡΪڤ츣ڤβܰҵ
ϧ̾
΢΢ҡͷ̲סһ̾Ϣ
ʱһĸоȴͷ̲ס̧һȥ
һʥãΡȻڴ֮ϣѹסֻ
оݣҲӦķŭ벻ʣ·佨ĳϵƺֻҪԼͨϵ˫ʲôͿͨ
һϸǸоأԼҵһ˿ϵøӽܣԸӦ仯
ʲôǣ
Ȼ䣬һԭҰзӿһ䣬ѾֳһɽԭҰ֮С
ģշħסһХ

вɹâ¶ĵЦݡ
ѾΪޣڵħȴҲ֮һ塣ħѩӰʱݷҽ£Ϊħ֮ѵͲշ
ͬ
ҡҡͷ
ѩӰʱСȻΪԼħ֮ȴѾǵȼԼߵĳǿߡ
Լڵֻ֮ʱħ֮ôп񽵷ѩӰһ㽵ʱȴӦ޿ܡ
٣ұȱ˸ͨ޷ɵиУҵƣ
뵽˴ҶĴԤԼΪһǿ֮Ӯң
ֻҪԼҵǹͨķ


267 籮
Ҷ㾲ţڵȫħ뵽ħ֮ڡһϢΧ˾ȵؿҪʲô

֪ƾЩϢ޷ԼеļƻؽʥС
ʥ֮ţϣֱڣһ·ԭҰԭҰ֮Уħշ裬ʱϣħһתۣħ廯ʥɫ·ʥ
ʱʥ߻Ҳħԣ͵һ֮仯ޱٹħϡ
Ӧþˡ
ҶĿԹ֮⣬ͻȻ͵һԭҰеħڶɹϢ޼س壬ޱԹײѹĴʥ֮С
ֻϢֻʥȴ޷赲סһ·Уܿԣơ
˭Ȼһͣء
ҶȴЦˡ
һоԼΪһ壬ԼѾȫԽԭҰͨ
Ա˶ԣȼԼߵԭҰгΣգΪǶԷĵ̣ԷʱԶǿм˺Ҷ㲻£ΪȫԷֻͬԼӵ
˲䣬ֳһֱ˳ŽͨԭҰ֮С
㣿ӦһԼԭҰʱҲУһҶ㣬һ漴ŭ
ôӣԼ
ûиӦϴϢ𣿡Ҷʡ
壿Ƭ̺һ´Ҷ㣬͸ȣⲻܡˣڹҲԣˣҲӵϢ
ǡҶһͷһӵʥ֮ʥϢ
㡭ԽȣҶߣĿڴһ鼫пܰʯߡ
ʲôµģҶһЦԭҰƲˡȼңסҡɱңҺ޷֮
ʲôͣ½ŲĿҶ㡣
㡣Ҷ˵
ң͸һ˿
ͬʱҲΪ׳ԼҶ˵ǰ浺֮ʱͣʹҵ˴ʬǣЩʬǣ˴ףôʽ𣬲нơ¦ǿȣҵ̫ʹѳ˼֡
ˣʡ
ȻҶҡͷ㻯Ȼ֮ͬǰ֮ǰЩȻ㡣ͬʱȴ˸ǿߵ졣ֻһˣҪЩ֮֡㵱֮ƣ֡
֣Ҷ㣬ô֪㲻ڱ
㲢ûѡ񡣡Ҷ˵֮Ҳֻѡҡ򣬲һǿ֮սʤΪˣ㶼֮
㡣ǵģʱѾ¦εѹڴʥ֮Уʼ޷롣һս˭˭ӮѾѲɱˡ
ҲҶҲЩһҶĵȼҶǰ֮һҶĲΪԼڵ籮أ
̾һ֪ΩҶһ
ãұ㡣һҧڵͷ
һֵ֪֮ˡҶ㵭һЦ
һԭҰһȴʱ˫ħ֮⣬ޱȸӵԹ
λһ֮䣬ħѷֻһȭԹؼ֮ʱǷ÷顣һƿԹŴʥóȥ
ҲƵҵĴ󣿡¦˼ս֮УۼҶڶһüսңҲãҲãȴϾȥҶһˡ
Ҷ첽ʥ֮ǰ֮տԨʯռץս͵Ŵʥȥ
Ҳ˵ԼΪʲôҪսֻûɵôһɳ嶯Ķˡ
ҵĳڴˡԭҰ֮УҶߺ̧˫֡ʱǴʥ֮Сħʥ߻һͬɵϢʱٵϲȥ
ʱһӦϢûа⣬ֻһɣϢѾϣ˲ȴǻһף
⡭ɴ۾ΪظӦ״Լǿھϲϲ˷ܣ̲ס𣺡⹷ƨʥʲôͽ飡
ʱսҲѾ˴ʥõıУûУʥ֮¶һص档
һâ˿ƣԵ洦ͻȻһڣһӿţͻȻΪâǹսҵضͻȻͻʥ֮ڣǹâ
籮̧ͷǹ⣬һ
ҶһҲ̧ͷȥ
ǹâ֮УԼһ޴Ľ籮ֳȴ籮ֻһ籮ޱȵľ޴Ҷ֮ǰõһȣֱǵˮ֮
籮
˲䣬ǹâе籮͵һȴǿСս֮Сս˲ɢҫ۵ĹâҶȴһɳ嶯
ʥðɣһ弲ɶһ֣ͽսץС
ãĿһֻΪҶǳûҪ籮ɶҪ֮ѹҶ㡣
ʱϵȴͻȻһһʹһˤڵϡ
ʱҶȴѾսսӦսϴ鲻Խطһ͵ʥôŻӳһ
˲䣬·епռ䣬һУսһ֮ȴǴʥķ
ǰҶһԭҰ̴˴ʥõļڣɵҶ㱾ǰҶһץ㽫սץУһǰһն¡
˲䣬ʥöһ֮£ڵ滮ʥþҵһ𣬽ű㻯мɢ١
ҳˣʱǰһһмзҶߡ
㣬ֻս뿪ǡҶڡ
һͷұʱ㣡
ãĽĦոյ¦һعһĻɴһҶСӻˮ㣬Ҫ޶ˣ
һʱ˵ĿⶼҶһǿʱֹסһҶ㻢
Ҷ㣬¦ɫ䣬ڵϣĿʢһֱ֮߸оڻ𺣰ʹࡣ
ȻҶȴֻһս㽫Ŀס
ֻڴ˵֮У޽ΪҵӦΪҪ䵱ɱ뼺ּ˺ȴа¡ҶĿˣ٩٩̸һɫ
СӲ򵥰˾ͽüѵһǿ֣ȴҪ³Կ
Կ¦ЦǸĽ׵Сɫи׵ޣһȺӰ˵ļһҲǵĶ֣
λǹĿӦñءʵ۷΢΢һЦȴìͷָҶ㡣


268 ת
ֵĿ⼯йҶһʱоһѹ
ĦðŵĦҶȻҲţȴһη塣ȫ䱸
ҶսĿžˮӦսȴɾҵΪ﷢һǿޱȵ
˵ȴԼϤһֿƿռɢ·ķԼУԼ任һ㡣
籮սУҿסսɿ籮
ҶϸظӦֻԼ֮ӳ±Լʱﵽ׵ĳ̶ȣ
ǣʱͬҶ㣬ҺֶԸǣǴ仨ˮ
ôϸ켫Цǻ۾ǻۡ
Ȼ˵ţȴøΪϴһɫסǾȻʥϢʱȴ仯͸˾㵡
壡ŭ͸ŭ͵̧צӡУһֻצϸ켫ץ˹ȥ
ϸ켫Ҵ⣬о鿪쵶һӶ𣬴ѪĻȷ磬һնǾצ֮ϣȴܽצնϣֻǽ乥ֹס
ϸ켫һüӿһѪɫΣ鿪쵶ٴնȴֻǽǾצƫѡ
ŵȥˣɴЦצ䣬Ǿצϸ켫ץȥ
ϸ켫ŭȻӵסֵһʱȴѷʤ
ǳ׵ĸ֣˼κһأ˾Ĥݵľǿߡ⵺ϣǿƼ֮أȴ㶥⡣
ʵ۷ĽĦ桢˾ͽɣ˶ǳ߽׵ĸ֣һ֪ǳΣȴһ֮˵¦ǡ
ڴˣʿҲֻͨɫˡ
Ҷ㣬Ҳʵ۷Ҷˣͷû뵽ҹ빫ҲѡȻˣȴҲӦΪѡɣȻԸ㣬ˡӦҰ꣬ұ֣Σ
ðҶȴͻȻ΢΢һЦȻ˵ͷ
Ӧˣʵ۷ҲһȻûϵҶʹشӦ漴ȴ̲סЦҶȴͶ·òѡ
޴ĶĽĦһ
Ҷ㣬ʲô˼ڼս֮˶Իʱһһ˾צҶߣʡ
֮ƣǿѡҶ΢΢һЦ˵ţȴȥ˱
һ֮ȴһâװŭ𣺡Ҳͬ⣡
ֲ˵ҶĿһݣ֮䣬ȻԿռǿտԨʯ֮С
ҶүǣĦؿҶ㡣
λһнáҶ㵭Цռʱ˰Χޱһۣתһͷλǻǰһжɡ˵ţȳȥ˷֮Ҷ㽫ԼտԨʯ籮ռ䡣
һʱ⣬δֿҶͳͳռ䡣
ʵ۷ɫͣϵЦ⣺Ҷүһڲ£ĲһսãȽĿռ䷨ұܣұʱʩ뿪˵ء
ֻ»ԪӦӦɡҶһЦ
ˣСϷûõġ¦ĿҶ㣬΢΢ҡͷĿдһ˿м
ϷҶЦˣΪǸϲˣСϷˣ
¦ĿһʱأסҶ㣬в²ڴʲô⡣֪ҶǼ򵥵Ϊƾôһ֣ʵ۷ĽĦԼٶȳֻս
öտԨʯԻҲûʲôˣӺˣҶȴͻȻڣһ֣ȻǰտԨʯֱȡ˳˸ʵ۷
ġһ˲䣬¦ǵɴ۾ǰһС
ı飬ȴõѶţ˴ʱƶΪҶȷʵ˸ʵ۷ҪտԨʯԼһڲ¶ʾԼ˵ĳ⡣
˲䣬еĿⶼҶתƵ˸ʵ۷ϣһϲĸʵ۷տԨʯĽĦ˾ͽȴѾͬʱȳ֣ʱֻ֣տԨʯץȥ
Һʵ۷һǧֱһչвͬڽ绨ţˡ
ʱҶȴս͵һʱ֮пһţҶУ߾սʹ޶ݷȴԶȥ
ߣ
ʱһȴͻȻǰӲش޶ݷһƥҲƵĽ⣬һҶʱоħƺҪʧأæȶ񣬲űħҡ
־ңһ̤ʡ
ǰ·ȴ־𣬶¦ǡߣ־ĺֽȴȻ־¦ǵĿռ䷨һһ
Ȼס㣬ҿԡ¦Ŀ䣬סҶ㡣
үûȤˣҶһЦʡ
˽㡣¦ǶܶˣοﻹޱڡҶ϶տԨʯбضѾһǽ˺һһռ䷨С
˵ţȴסҶеս
үҶ΢΢ͷ
¦ȷʵ¶ˡ
籮սҶһֱڸӦ֣籮֮һ޴Ŀռ䣬ռ֮󣬼ԳΪһС磬СɢȴտԨʯ籮Ʒɵǿռһ޶
Ķ֮£ɳÿռ֮տԨʯڵƷ籮֮Уһ֮£ʱɹ
ˣһ۷һտԨʯ˵עԼ˶תƵ籮֮Уſ롣
ԭտԨʯеһСǧʬǣҲ֪ȫ籮֮С
ʱһѾִֻ֮䣬ͻտԨʯʱʱ֪տԨʯѾһһǿߣʱΧ
ԥؼȫеս͵ػ¦նȥ

һУҲȫ汬ħħӿս֮ϣ뵶϶Ϊһʥ߻Ҳϳγʥ߻Ҷһնȭ¦Ǵȥ
Ҷ㣬ǰбˣȻһɫ¦ȥûлɱ㣬ʱȴͬˣգڣ
һȣеս͵ػ𣬼סս
ײʱҵĲһۿɼѺ۾Ȼ֮ӳȥ·һΧĿռ䶼ˡ
ΪĽʿʱӳȻﵽ֮Ĳ¦ǾսŽߵҶ㣬΢Цͷȴޱɱ⡣ֻԽˣҾԽҪɱ㡣
ͳ֮ͬҶѪڡ
ʱ¦ͻȻսһɨ䣬Ҷȴסһ·˳ȥ
¦ǣ㾿ǿʲôز
Ҷһվȡ
ʱ¦ȴֵǰ


269 ƿ
Ҷ㣬¼ΪȻ֮£ȴǼɵһˡ¦¶ӵɫʵ˵治Ըɱ㡣Ϊá
𲻹죡ͬ磬Ҷľġ
಻κСǰ·¦ǵõͳѹԡеս߸߾𣬷·ƽһصĸ߷塣
Ǹ߷׹֮ʱ¾ǧཫѹ࣡
ʱǶҶһˣޱ߻֮⣬ͷ¡
ƿ֮Ĵ£ֻҲ˶ѡ
һ˲䣬ҶӦĴоԼ·һСݣӲľСǰͬľǰȴ
Ѿעյ㣬޷һ֮·ѡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ƴȫв㣬ѵѣ
ҶŹâиӦǾ޴ѹȴ˵ֿ־־֮УԭҰдһȴħͻȻӿ
Ǹܵ¦ǵѹԣ⶷졢ءķħ񣬷һķΪУ಻ҡ˭ң
һħӿҶ۱žҶͷҲ֮Ʈ裬˷·վ˷籩֮С
ϣһսţӦħ֮ɢǿƣȴ籮
Ӧ籮ħսȴҲøǿʢһŭȴҶ̲ס󻯣ȫս
ɲǼײһ𣬾ҵĳɳ֮ǿƥ·ܻһ㡣ײ֮УҶٲԼƣĴк趯еսһն¦ǻµһ
񱩵й֮һ¦еս޴ͬһ㣬սһ´÷飬Ʋֱӽ¦ײȥ
ʲô¦ƮȻأȻעҶ㡣
ʱҶ㣬ȴѾûоע֮¡ȫս֮УĽս
ħޱȣһ֮Ϲ籮籮ɢռ֮ķħײȴħĵ
ҶоȥȴԼ
ΪħԼħ
Ҫ
˲䣬ͷ̧֣籮һʥħء
һսΪʥ߻һʥħ룬ʹù밵ƺƽתγѭС͵硣
һ½籮Χ밵ת֮ʣĥ籮ȴʹħħǿţ͵س˹ȥһ½籮ڻУʹȫ·Ҫ顣
籮ҵضţɢĿռ֮ΧһжѺۣǷ·ǲֻۣ֮Ҫӵķһ𣬾Ȼѡ
ã
籮ħ磬սѣҲսѣʱҶʧ̫ˡ
ѹס
֮ɽһ㱬Ҷɫȴͬһŷ籩һ㶯ʵ֮Уһ籩˲ԭҰϿյħ֮зӶֱͨ۴ƣͨƴս
һ˲䣬Ƿ籩Ϊһ·Ωһ̧֣ʥħرħУ϶Ϊһһ籮ȥ
Ǿ޴ķǰͷ·һССשʯնҶһֱץС
籮Сˣںħ֮ķ籩Ҷˣ󵽷·ܳһƬսء
籮㲻һٴҲҪΪáҶ˵ţķϷǶ֮Ǿ磬ΥķΪãҪΪã
У͵ػһ籮ʱѹסħ֮ķ籩һջصڣɻԭҰ֮УһͶħ֮ڡ
籩Χ㽫θסħ˲һ籮һ绨ҫ֮У籮ȫħ֮Уħ׵Ķ
ãҶĿһ¶һ˿ϲɫȻ˱㽫籮ˣ
ħ֮Уħ缤ݣ籮֮һע뵽ҶԭҰ֮УΪҶħħںһʱħ츲صı仯ٴսʹսɢޱϢ
ҶоʱԼֻѾӽﵽ߽ʿˮƽ
߽ףǰһȺǿߵĳ̶ȣˣԼѾһ
ǻɱˣʱһ˷ܵشУȥ¦ɱƴһչԼµ֮Ҷȴ˷֮飬һмƽĿ֮¡
⻹ҵ
иԼ
籮Ȼǿ󣬵ȴ¦ǵһ㣬κָӡʱ֪ǳɱȥȴֻ·һ
һս壬籮Ѿõ֣ӮңΪλҪƴɱ
һЦ䣬Ҷ¦һۣͻȻ佫սһΣʱ˺һӣôֱУһ޶ݷʹ˳˱㲻ˡ
ãʱԶĽĦһǶСƭˣ
ȴڼս֮У޾Ĳ֮ҶտԨʯϸһ飬ȴëҲûС
Ҷ㣡¦Ǻ޺޵ҧ͵طǰзӿ˲佫ΧĿռ仯ģʹ˲Ϣ֮֮⡣
ƴѰ֮ҶϢͼ׷ȥ֮пտյȴûаڡ
һǿ֮׷Ǿ͸ûаֻûͷӬһ׷ң뵺ԽԽԶ
ʱҶ㣬ȴѾ֮ǰŷұ˵ǵһߡǰͣںϵķǰ͵һսһڴͷ
˼ͻȻ֣һλƾʱɲǰ˵ȸӦҶǿҵɱɳһ
šҶħת֮䣬͵˴ÿһ䡣ŷұļıѾ¶Ҫ׷ΪУҪʵҵĻҼݴغ
˵ţ𣬻֮䣬Կռ֮󴬶ǿֱ֮ѹ˴ʿĵֿ־ֱӽ籮֮С
΢΢һЦսһӣȴǽԼڴ˵ɢȫϢԿռ֮ս֮ڣһֱź׹ȥ뺣С
ʹ޶ݷԶӣǲź³ȥһֱڰĺס
֪Լڵӵ½ҲӲЩǿ֮֡
˭Ҳ뵽ûӣ⵺ߺ
˵أȴȫ֮ء
Ҫڴ˵ӹǿߵ׷ɱͬʱҲýúϤ籮֮
оԼܽ籮ΪԼķӳȫôյϵһǿߣԼǰǿߣ


270 ʻ½
ĺףӿζ֮䣬ȴرܿһط
ǵطʲôµޣ෴ƽ쳣ɺ֮
ֻƾűܣӦǲӦӽĵط
ЩͨЩҲҽӽ
һƬ޵Ŀռ䣬Ҷ㾲Сǰսţͨɢһɿռһ
ʱ۾վ̧֮䣬սڡ
ԭҰħ֮Уǿ籮ʱȫȡտԨʯ֮ǰĹܣҶƷͬһõط
ʱһ°ɣ˼ţʹ޶ݷźȥ
սֱӾڣȻʱʹս֮ȴٲ֮ǰһУʹ޶ݷ籮ҲѾȡ˼࣬ʹ籮֮ʱνǵӦ֣ʹָһ㡣
ǿϹŷȴûбȫΪáʱգħ֮粻ϵض֮£籮ɸҶʹá
Ƭ̼䣬֮ϣ޿ռ¹۲죬ֻԶһƬƽ˾Ҵ⣬ʹ޶ݷ˵ϣϸһȴһ
ЩǿѲڴ˴ǵµһЩۼҲѾҰ̤ƽ
ֻǼս֮ЩĿĵĻٻȴڣȻһѰս
ȷϰȫɺҶߣּ佫籮ռз˳ҲռеһƳռ䣬ֱӰõ˷ϡ
ʿǣԼҶһˣЩȫռмȴʳԼҶ㲻ʱԺвգദȴҲϤˡʱҶ㽫˳֣¿ʵ磬һ˶չ֫塣
Ҷүϵλƾǿ˹Ҷ㹧ʩ
һ˵Ȼŷұˣʱ䲢ҲĸҶүжţһѾԸҶүңΪҶүЧϴĸˡ
˵꣬ҶѾһ̧
˲䣬һɳ˳ȥ˹УΧ˾ֺˣֻɳд˺ѷεĲҽУȴ
Ҷһ˼ˣ޲ȣޱ⣬ȴҶΪͻȻԼͶ´ɱ֡
šޱǰһָЩ˵繵ͨʥ֮ӵпһα֮ǴĲƭǱԼ
Ѱ¶ְɣƾʿһˣһȻµҶ˹ȴ͸¶˳֮ɫǰ֮ʣȴȥ
ܣޱЦһ䣬ѾһȽһߵűѣٽһһˣƻӼ䣬˵ͷ­Ѿֳ롣
ҶˣȴҶ̧һѹѹ˵ϡ
δҶʹ֮ȴסǴΪȣѩȿףһǿռ֮ʲôȻռ֮ǿѹĵز˼飡
ʲôСֵġʱҲҶڷ˳ڴͷš۶Ҷ㣬¶֮ɫǱϹŷ籮ˡһǿΪ׷ɱ񣬵ȴҶ㡪Ѿ籮ڶߣԼķ
˵̫˰ɣҶ㿴΢΢һЦֻ֮ʥ籮γɹ籮ҡ
ˡޱ˸һػɣǿ߽ٲ֮ǰǰ㽫Ϊ׷㲻лԹʲô
ߣвʵغһȴ˵ʲô
ʵҲΪ¶ԼδǺ¡νƥԼһöɽȴҲ˲١
û籮죬㱾ȴҲһҶ˵ңߡģһ籮֮ڣڡκҪ㣬̤ҵʬ塣
ô仰Ҳů˼Ƭ̣̾˿ˣжһȴ۸Ҹɽɡ
ʱ䳤ֻ֪кôûлġޱЦ˵
Ҷ㣬ҪɱɱʱǱѹƵƾǿȴ
㵹ӡҶ˵Ҳɱ㡣Ҫ˵塪㾿ʲôˣǺŷұߣ
Ҳ˵ʲô˺
㶮ҶƽҪ˵ѡ
ɱҰɡƬ̺󣬽ƽҧ˵˴ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷŴЩˮ֡ЩĿдſ־壬΢΢ţƺδ֪¡
ҿԽǶˡҶ˵Ҫ̹׽ԼˣǷ˭֮ŷұ
˵һˮֳＷǰǱ޹ɢ֮ʿǱŷұԸֺô£ġ
ǰʱ˸Ž
ǲûΪ񡣡޹ģҶүǣԸΪţ
ҶĿˣȴδκα֮΢΢ͷƾʿ
㻹ʲô˵ģʡ
Ҫɱɱߡ
áҶһͷ֮䣬ѹʿĿռ֮ȴͻȻҶʿһʧȴǱ޿ռУһԶˤڰɳ̲ϡ
รɡҶɳ̲һЦ漴˵Ѵش½
ǣһĸΥʱԱæһűת˴ͷԶʻȥ
ҶһվڴͷԶźӴĦ̲סʣҶүʲô㣿
¡Ҷ˵ҪƷָ̣ȨǳϦ֮ҴʱѾӵʵ۷һսżʱգұʤʱָȨƣҲ¡¹ȴ׳
ˡĦ˵ĦҶȵ˵ͷҶүģ£ǲ
ôأĦֹһ䡣ʵ۷Ѿ֪ǵ˼ֻ¡
ʲôĦҶһѵҷ岻ɣһԳǴĴֻҲҪΪħҡ
Ҷ㣬һЦڷ֣ƺûʲôסҶүġԴôµľ棬ܱɹᱦʲôѵס磬ֻҪһֱҶүѣôһգĦϻȨ¡
ǴˡޱЦˡ
ĪͿѩɵ˲˵ȴҲа㡣
Ҷˣʵǿ󣬸Ƕıг޷õ顣Դ֣֮һˣֻҲǱ֣֣֮ڶ޵ǿǰᱦɹȫˣݱ˭˿ɱȣ
һȨ֮£ԼӦҶദˡ
ǷܳΪѣ٣ܳΪҶĵˣ
ʱҶңԶģȴ¦һȡʲôж
һ·ǰȥи˼֪䣬ʱҴҶ
һ죬Ҷվڴͷ̸ЦȴͻȻԶһҴ󴬣ں沨֮Լо


271 ־Ԯ
Ҵ֡úҲǴĦҶڶȴõ˵ͬ
о񴬲˿һ㡣ĪͿ˵
ȥҶˮʾ⣬ˮǴʻ˹ȥ
һȴǴϲˣֻдԱڼװϻɻһݿ£ɫѿ
ٿǴ𴦲٣Ȼ˺Ϸ籩Ϯ
дʻǴһĴԱ۾ʱŷŴվƴ߻֣˻Ƶţ
˷籩ɡĦš
ޱͰǰڴϣҹȥԮҶ˵ʱ˹ȥ䵽ԷϣһҲ׷׸˹ȥ
ʱдԱ˹ŽеˮҿˮȰɣ
Ҷֻ촽ѣݲ԰ףȻǾˮѾãӦϢȴͨˣʿ
Ƿ׷׹۲촬һˮ֣Ƕֻͨˣʿ
ģǻˮҪ˵ˣΪλ˴Ҷһ˵һ߻籮ռȡ̳ˮЩˮּˣʱ۾Ź⣬Źȡ
ҪһŶȣŦ޴һѹ£ʱЩˮֲҶӣιˮȡ
λˡһλˮֳȹˮ˵Ƕ޹ˣܼλڤͼݴѲΣȴ˷ˣ̻ˣҲ𣬴Ҳ׹ʧ˷һֱںƯЩڤȻб뺣ԣûеˮȴԼ֣ǣֻ²պ㶼Ҫˡ
ҶһʱϸӦװ֮£ȴʮ΢ϢȻʿ
ʮԼװƶƬ̺´п첽ȫǷڤװ磬һɫȻǲ԰㲣ȴЩˮְ
ǣ˲Ϳ͸ǵΪǿλƾʿλԪǿߣʣµľʥһ
ʮ˵ĶŵκһһɲСӵǰЩǿǰɾͲֵһˡ
Щװ֮ϣһ¼ôԼ͸ǳһλͷƾʿæǰſҶһ֣λӣˡ
Ҷ㿴ǣֻ񣺡ضλʲôˣôңԶϺ֮ϣ
˵ãˣȴһ̳̳ˮ۾Ҷ㲻һЦȺȵˮ˵ɡ
лλƾʿҲųæ첽ǰˮ̳ζһˮ󣬲Ŷһ
հһλƾʿ̾һϧһ죬ãã֮ȴ֮أô군ˡ
λӣ֪γƺһλƾʿȴǰʩҶʵ
˵˵ʲô˰ɡĦҶһ֡Ϊ޹ϲ⺣
ǶǷڤˡƾʿ˵˵޹⺣ĳ˲õıԲŽӹѰġ
ŷұϢɢȥˣĦһüһʲô
ǰһˡƹﻢҡҡͷǵȷʵбȴȿġ
ŦһЦҸˣӦ֪ɡ¦ǣǿϵã
Ȼ֪һλƾʿͷǷڤȨµĻ
˾ͽɣǿ֪Ŧʡ
֪һλƾʿӦ˵Ƿڤһ֡
˱ģ㶼Ŧ˵
⡭λƾʿһۣ漴ҡͷЦ
˰ˣȻˣǱٺҲˡһλʿ̾Ϣɢ֮ʿ㼯ǧٺţҲ޷
û뵽һȴǰһˡһλʿ̾漴ʩһ񡣡ɼλȣ֮û
Ҷ㾲ؿǣȴǲһֻǼий֮Ӧ⴬ϸȴ֡ڼװߣ۲żװϵˮ֣۲ʮڤˣÿӦĿˣþִٲҶ
ôкδ㣿Ҷ㿴⼸ˣʡ
Ȼǻش½ȥˡһλƾʿ˵
ֻǵĴѾ𲻿ȴ޷Զһλ˵λӣ˾ȵףǳǵĴɡ
ҲáҶ΢΢ͷһ֣ȴʱаٵռ֮һˮֶһ˵һߵķϡ
ЩˮļֶΣһŵþУƽ䵽Ϻ󣬲ųһһҶ㣬ֻԼɣееֱҶǱ߹
Ҷ¶һ֣ʮڤҲľηҶ㿴ǣȴٲֽ˹ȥ
лӣ빫ٽ˹ȥһλƾʿҶò֣㹰󡣡ʮԶλƾĵùȥЩ˾͡
˵ţεһЦ
ȻԡҶ΢΢ͷ֮ǰҪȺ˵ʵǵʲôˣ˵кĿģ
Ҷһˣʱüͷһ塣֪Ҷпαʱ֪˷˻ѡ
ĦɶŭǺľǣȴƭǣ˵ʵ˭Ҳգ
˵֮䣬ӿǿߵѹ£ʱʹʮ˲ֹ
ʮ϶ԳȻ֮ɫ䤱ľжλƾʿɫ䣬Ҷ㣬æ˵λӣǡ
аѻҲɱǣֻ⴬ϣ𡣡Ҷ㻺˵
ǲɱǣ෢⴬ٴƶˡƾʿüƬľ壬ҲԶɹããɣѩ⣬һЦЦʮ˶ֵ˱ѵĸо
λƾʿɫҲһ䣬ȴǴ˽ңҪٳƭһҶǶâۣоͶһĻѻȴ˵ˡ
˵ʱʮһλԪʿǷڤŵˣǷ֮˴ڤƽԪҶټģ
㣡һλƾʿعͷŭĿӡ
̳ٲ˵û·ˡλԪʿšҿɲãã֮ϣʱ˹Ҳز硣
ڴ֮ʱǸӦ˴Ϸǿѹһλʥ伶ʿλ̳ʱ鶨˼Ʋߡ˵ããϾȻֳǿߣʮа˾űҶүǱװɢ޻ҶүĴУͶҶү˴½š
˼æ˵ǵװһʱ֪ҶүΪһλڤôᣬôǿ󣬶һԸ־Ȳɵˡ
λƾʿǷŭŴһ仰ȴҲֻεҡͷһ̾ͷȥ
ЩԭǽúôױŵƯãżʵĥ˼ľĥ־ȴѱһ룬ʱٱѩһвȴҲûаֿˡ
ϸһ룬Ҷ㣬ĸǿ߻زʶͨ־ԮĺˣԼȴҪƼӺʵ
⻹ҴһλƾʿҲ˿ڣΧټ
һҲſڣһҴǵϯ٣˽˱һ˲õķɱ֮ģԷŵ㡣
ɱңҶЦˡ
ҲЦˡ
˵ҶʵΣ˵߻ôһȺǿڣ˾ͽҲ˲Ҷ㡣
ССһϯϣδҲ̫Դ˰ɣ
Ҷ㵹Ƕ˲õķ˼


272 齣
ʮˣҶȫɳѺ籮ռ֮Сַѹ֮£Щ˺޷ηӡ
Щˮ֣ҶȴǸ˼ߵŴ֮󣬱ȡ˷ԭЩʿˮ֡
Щ˱ϾŷұĲ£Ҷȴò֮ǰֻ֪ݴ֮ҲֻܽǣЩͨˮ֣Ҷ㽫ǻȥ
ָ֮£ڸѰȥȴһҶҲԸ̫˷ʱ䣬ˮǼŴ½У;˳
һ·򱱣ֱ˴½ȴδܼ˵Ӱ
ðϣҶ㽫ŷұȫǲɢȴг֮ʱʱҴھͽźЩͨˮԱʱ֮衣
ЩˮںϺڼ䣬Ҳ֪ҶݣҶǵĴźȻҲԸҶ㣬˫һļϡ
籮֮УҶһһ֮Ħ˵ȻҪġһۣʵ۷Ѿ֪Ҷǵķ֮ģֻԻ֣Ҫʱȥ֪ͨ
ҵҲ㡣ҶһͷתԪӦˡλʲô˼
ĽĦ治ѰߡѩԥƬ̺˵֪ٺ޹ڣǱҶүߣҶүһԸ
ǣ༸Ҳͷ
ﻢҶһ֣˵Ϸ֪رϢʱȴĴ󶯣ΪԼǰﵽ֮뵱ǿһ֮һ֪Ǿ֮ܡϷ֪Ҳ࣬Ҳ٣ֻһʿ赲Щǿߵ㡣ϷȻţҲҶүѣҶүֻܷ֮Ը
ǰҲʱͬаɡҶһͷʥź֮£²ҥǼλִʱȻ籮¶ʵ۷ȴÿԳû
ޱЦŵͷڻԴʱһ
뵽龰ɶЦˣһʱϣ
ĪͿʱڣ˵زԶɽУбһ̳λҵǱϢȻ׼ٸ۶ɡ
һ˷׷׵ͷȥ˰ٶһɽУȷһ̳һڴסһգϢ󣬱׼
һ˸ոճɽɽ֮⣬һͻȻ𣬽ţ·ͻȻһֱӳΧһ±γɰΧ֮ƣ˰Χ
ô£Ħɾʧľӣ
ֱӴϵĲɣŦҲʮ־ȣô֮ǰһϢҲûиӦ
ʱ籮ϢѩӰȴҶߡĸйԶʤ࣬˴ȴȻҲûܸӦ֧Ҷü˼ʲôǿĿռ෨ɡ
Ҷ㣡ʱһӰǰһС֮ϣ˫ֺʲЦݣȴĴס֮һ
ղȴֱǿЩϲϲĿҶ㣬ԡ
漴ּڤλסȺлվߣע·
ʲôĪͿʱվ˳һ޻ӡڴˣѵҪ췴𣿡
ĦܣֻЩսʿ޹ʱһڴˣӵĽλٳң
μ¡һλż״ʱǰߣ·Ħһ֡ĩŸڴʾӭ¡ص۶ֻΪԱԷΪڤƽԪ
˵ĦüҶүǺѣôẦң
ǿ˵һЦУߵĿռͻȻһѺۣһзֳһսµľ޽Ц·
ʮͣһ£òãţһһλѧĴһ㡣γԱȣֻһۣӡѳ
ڤƽԪֺһ㣬ԪӦӦǡЦѩɵˣ
Ǻˣѩʡ
ڤϯϣ٣˻
ŸĦҶһָŸΪ޹󽫣ȴڤƱӹ֪ʲô
ôñѹˡŸһЦǷ˴֮Эס׽÷ڤϸѡЩϸ֧˵빫ʵڿɶ񡣵빫ģЩҵȱؽڤϸɱλȡ
Сİּҡͷһ̾˵ڤƽԪΪײУֺݶһԵº͹¶֣Ҫ
ˣĩֻҪˡŸװšסֵʱһǰԼ䣬һ빫ʵĩ֮Ҷ̫ײˡ
Ȼּ΢΢һЦͷ
޳ܣޱ⼸ˣһĴסֵһΧҲδɹټٺ˵𣿡
βܣЦˣͻȻŸʹ˸ɫŸʱɫһ̧֮࣬䣬һɳɫ֮գ˲ը
һ˼Χϵսʿʱ󣬶׼˴䡣һʱ䣬֧ն䣬¡
գ׳ޱȣоȴ˿¦ǵһС󡱡ͬʱɫ
ȻǿΪ֮񣬵ȴ˼ȴҴ⣿ŭ𣬷Ӹֵ֮
һּ֮£ΧĴض·һƬĴ֣ϼֲָһּ֮󣬱ʼڶȴٲͬʱżǷֳÿ֧ɼ䣬εӣһ꣬һװϣٴ¡
һʱ䣬Ŧĳһףʱоѹء
ʱŻȴԷͬʱ˺
ⲻɾһֵѾе䣬Ȼ֡
˶δ󡣡Ҷɫ糣΢΢ҡͷ佫սУ𣬽һӣһռʱɢķȴ˶ϤĿռ֮壬ʱ𷴿Լ籮֮С
ֻһ˲䣬޾ǰֻʣ˵ҶһˣڵҶѾӵʹ޶ݷ˲ʧ
ãʱɾһҶôͻȻôһ޿ռ֮Уȴ׽ټˣ
סҲͬʱɫ
Ҷʱ޿ռ֮ǷӶȥһĻȴ΢΢һЦڻԴϳþҲֻ¦Ƕ֣¦ǹҵʵδ⼸˽Щ˻Ϊǵ֮ҡ
ôǾ䶨ˣ
кο£Ҿ齣ǰʹÿռǲʱȴЦһо޽һӣ޿ռնϣʹҶ޷ǰֻһԾڷ֮
һʯ֮ϣо޽Ŀ
齣
һռ䷨


273 ռ
ƾ˽򾫱ƾնҶ٣ʡ
΢ЦҾ֮齣տռ֮иͬ̽ȡ
÷Ҷ㻺ͷֹиգðɣ
ٵͷֻȴ˵֪Ҷ㣬վڣ
ôҶ㵭ȻЦΪĴס֣򾫱֮ɱң
˲䣬ȴѾٴν޿ռ֮У޶ݷٿٶȥ
Сģü˵Ҷ㲻֪µʲôʹȶݷҵȾ޷׽ϢҲֻпסˡ
λסַġ͸һ˿Ҷ㲻Ľʿóǿߣھ齣ȥĿռ⣬Ҳг׳̶ȵֳִ˽λ׸һ֣Ҷʲô
ȻһЦ䣬ȴٴһӾ齣նһռѺۣ˲С
ܶԸҶ㣿ּ΢΢üߵʡ
ôࡣһЦӦŴ˴֣ΪĻʥźҶ㣿зԸǰҲӣȴȫ֡ĽǷڤ๥ʵݵģޡ
ԣһЦ
ĦСӻҶߡﲻ޵ǵ˵ŴˣǸ
ʲôһ֣һλӣֲǻʵۡǻʵۣڴǰҲҪ
ֻй¶ֵ¡˵
ŲǷڤĽɣ˵ƽѡҶȴǷڤ𻺻˵
ˡ۾һЦĦڤͼ죬´˳ȥ·һ
˵֮ʣȴѾ޿ռ֮УҶŶҶеս΢΢ͷҵԵʹõҲơһȴʲô֣
սҶ㲢֮⡣һռ䷨ɡ
Խ˵ԽԵˡ˵ں£ȴӰ̵Ѳתغݴ͵㡣̵鱨һǰѾϣգȴˡ
ҲһֱѰ㡣ҶһЦȴ½ϵҡ֪ұȫٻغ
Ѱң۾һѲҵˣ
ˡҶһͷҴǿе֪һ˲õķ˲رһ档
˵ҶүзҲǲ١˵
ȴ޹ءҶ˵
Ҷ㣬ΪܴӻԴǿߴս֮ȫˣͿ԰ˣдųζǲλǿ߻ǣƣŸᡣҪף㲻һСɫСɫ
޽ζһĹΣǹۻԺѣΣ·֮ʱ̧ͷֱ̫һ˲۾ʣ㱣Ŀ赲롣
СϷҶħ֮ҫȴȫ޾彣ϮһĿ⣬ӵûɵһ
ֶΣ΢΢üȻ˵֮ʣȴҶ㼫Ǽɵһ㲻Ҵ⣬ǰ齣Ҷնȥ
ޱͻȻֱ֮ϣһ½ӹǾ޽ˣ·ֱͻȻ쳤һ㣬˼ԭľһ̣溮ȴȴҶ߲ࡣ
սһת֮ʣصĵ࣬Ҷԭزֱӳ˾齣һն
޴ķײ齣һµٽһת󽣻˸£һҶٴκն
Ҷֻǽսһһ
һ죬սֻ΢΢һΣ齣ȴٴα
̾һȴͻȻһ䣬಻Ҷ̶ֱ
ÿһһռ֮ͬһҶܵĿռȫҶ޷ƶֻӲӽ档
סҡҶ΢΢ҡͷˣҲǿռ䷨
սӴЩĿռ֮и飬Ҷ缲磬˲ʮħӿ˲һһ¡
ôô죿һֻҶһƴսתȴ鶯ޱȣƵ磬ȴֻһƬӯĲҶ
ִ֮£æȫٽϵͬʱһʱӿ߻˾񣬾˫ֵ
Ӱ֮䣬ռĻڵ֮ϣһʱ䣬һԵ֮硢֮Ĵֿռ֮־壬Ծ齣ģȴ֮顣
ȿռ𣿡ţ齣Ҳս
һռھ齣ϵţ·һӰ˲䣬Ŀռ͸ų⣬Ϣ֮䣬ȴǵӰնֱѹ
ȫƵĹֽپŵسȥϵγһ͵СС磬ȴʱҶһսǰȫ޵ֻֿ֮Խһˡ
λס֣ңУٻ齣סսƺƿһ޿ռ䣬ԼҶȫ¶Ŀ֮¡
ѵҪü
һӸȥ֧ԮŸ
ǣŸһͷּʱǧԷԾ£Ǳ߶ȥδһϾѾֳӰʩ似Ҷ㹥ȥ
̲ûϵ˼Ҷ㿴٣һЦֻЩϺзȴɱ
ҲЩһ£ֻһ籮е˱ʱͷŶ˲ɱǧи֡
ЩҶߵĳȣȻռٱƣڸֳ֮£ȴֻбɱķݣ˲Ѿɡ
λסֿңٴл齣ʱնһռѺۣ˱ҪѺзȥ
һ뿪ʱٷż꣬ڻҶһȴǼΪҶ㵱Ȼóѣսһ֮䣬ؿռ֮ȴ齣һѺ۷ϣȴһ㽫ٵһֱ۸
ŵüæ˻أҶսѾƵֱ˹
ҧأٷһ𣬾齣Ŀռ䲨˳һӭȥ˳֮УĿռѺۣÿһͬǱŵľһ㣬ʱ˶ſˡ
һ÷ֱáıǾһϵʹʣ˴ѸĽ׵ĸһˣ
Ҷž齣аͬʱټħ˲䴫鵶ħӿԼħ֮ߵٵȴǲضһ¡
˲䣬սŹս⣬ƿؿռ˳ЩпռѺ۱սķǿսһ»ʹֱֻǾ޴ս
ƴˣٺݺҧǿľ˷·Ǳؼĸߴˣһеƣ齣ս
һһײڿУǽϵӭŵбҶ֮£ҶһӾҵضƺʱв֧
ҪƴˣȴǳɱҶʱܴʱȴйâһһλס·
ȻڿڤԼڶʵ۷ΪɵˣȴҶһˡʱۼٷƴҶվȻԸɱҶĻᡣ
ۼ˳ҶȴǷһЦ
ЦٶУȴħ


274 ռ֮
ãп̲ס
ȴѾˣҶһתųľ齣ռ֮ʱȫգȴһҶúõľ޴ռ֮УסҶһƬҶȻ裬սһնӭˡ
ãͬĿзΪ׸ֵ͵շʹ̨֮Լס
ȴûֶ߳ΣּȻӦҲ෢̨סԼȴǱսһ֮С
һ޴ġ·ԶŵĽ籮ӰڵӰ֮Уһ½˰ڡǽ籮Ӱ̺ľ޴˶ھƴȫѡ
ּ뵶Զ̨Ҳ磬͵һУȫ˽ɫ׽ǧֻзǧǽ籮ȥ
Щײڽ籮֮ϣȴںɢ飬һɸֱײּƺһɽͻҪײ÷顣
ּȴһײ֮Ըٶ˵ƷΧȻһ׾ѣҲſѪȴǱסһ
׵ĺڤûôˣǻûüʹ̨Ѿײ˵֮Уڤֻüֵֿһ£ʱսһ룬Ѫ˲䣬ȴռ֮תƵ𴦣δҶϰΡ
Ȼܿ˵ƣȴǳֳе籮ӰסֵУϵռȴѾϣѹһȭͷСѪ⡣
ϵǻ֮ΣҶ㵭һЦԸɴһԼĻᣡ
ʱԾһʯϣþޱȵҶ㡣
ôܣôӵѾһ̳ˣôģֲţҲš
˲ɵУ
ۼҶһ֮شһλס֣ɱλס֣ٵӿޱߵĿ־塣ʱս⣬϶ҶԼе֣ڿ־֮£û˼ˣ͵һնһռѺۣС
ܣҶһЦռɢסѻɱǧʱԼˣ֮籮ʹ޶ݷֱӽ޿ռ׷˹ȥ
ǡô죿ۼ֮δ˵Ҷ㣬ּɲתͷ
ҡ֪ãȻҡͷ
޿ռ֮УƴǰȥܸӦʼһӰӽԼԼηӣȴ޷˦Ӱߡ
ʧ㣬ȫʧ㣡޺ҧȫû֮ǰĵšһĽʿΪףо齣ӵ֮ķΪξȻҶ㵽ʲô
ȫӣȴʼ˦Ҷ㣬ڰһ᣺ˣƴĹҲֻʹһˡ
ɶ֮У齣͵ؾȫ˫֮УͻȻһԭҰ֮УһھҵԴȴѾԼΪһһλӲ˳
һλз˳һ·ɳԭҰ˳ע˾齣СԭҰеѸٵط绯ѣһѿݻм
ȴλԶ뿪壬˾齣С
ɫʱüΪѿҲԼţ͵һǰȥ
˲䣬޿ռб㱻նһѺۣѺ۵״Ϊ֣ȴһš͵ųȥֱײУ˱ʱʧ
ףԶ׷ѰϢһ·ٵҶ㣬ͻȻٸӦϢȴ΢΢һ
һʹʲôֶΣôͻȻԿռݷѳ٣
ϸӦȴٲûлعʵ磬ȴǽ˸һĿռ֮С
ѵ齣ʤ籮
Ҷ΢΢ü͵ش߶ԭҰ֮Уħ֮һ籮ȴʹ籮ɢҶ֮Уټսڷӳ
籮ǰκһֿռ޷ŪңҶһһǰ
˲䣬ٵϢֳҶĸӦ֮Уֻȵط֣ȴѾ֮⡣
ֻ˲ϢͷɳôԶ򵥾˲ƶһԿٶȣֱӴһռ䣬һռ䣿
Ǻߡܽ˲ƵҵǰƾĵҲ齣ǿնһռ֮ţԽռ䰡
Ǻö
̾УҶȫͳȥȫʹ޶ݷƵ磬ٶȥ
ʱѾһƬ֮У齣ڵϣϢɫ԰ף˼صһ㣬ϢҲҲɼʹһ֮󣬾ȻԪ
ɺ޵Ҷ㣡ҧŭţȻԷһλ֮һλԹɹ񹦴ɣҶȻҴ˼Ǿ񣬵ЩĴҲǿҵһλҵĹ͵һ֣ٻָ죬ָֻ±㲻ܽףҶ㣬쵰
ţɫȴͻȻһ䣬Ϊ齣ĲԼһΣյĸо̲סԶ㵶ѵҶ׷˹
Ƭ֮䣬һֿռݷߵĸо㴫˹ھ֮лӶ齣޿ռ֮УȴҶԶʱֻһڵ㣬תۼܿüۡ
ɷֵĴУҶ㣿ôܡ
ӵĺǣҲӲҵģҶЦţЦݣֵ˵ĸо
Уһеظ߾齣ԭҰ֮һע˾齣֮С
ӽһѺ֮չǰֵط˶룬˲ʧ٣һϢҲû¡
һлǿɶ񡣡Ҷʧȥ˵Ϣ΢΢üͬʱҲʱ֮ԭҰ֮Уٴоʹħ֮ڵħϼǿ籮եȡ
ȴֱӴսҶԭҰ֮͸ʹҶʱӦһ޿ռ䡰ͨ
ǡͨһˣʧ֮ҲѺ֮ϣһڽʮ֮⣬λβ֪ͨҶȴ˳ͨϢһ·׷ٹȥ
ܲˣ΢΢һЦ޶ݷֱ׷ȥ
ʮ֮⣬һռѺ֮ţ˼ž齣վȣҵشϢ
̧ͷֵػܣֹţҶ㲻׷˰ɣ
ȴҿ϶ҶǼûĿռ䷨̫ǿˣ˵׼ͻٴ׷
ɺޣϢһȶһʹռݷԶȥ֪ԼһϢҶ׷ϾǱ֮֡
Ȼֻӳопռ֮УȴҶ޶ݷϢ
Ҷ㣡޵ҧҪ·ϱ𣿡
УȴҲֻնһѺ֮ţ˽ȥ


275 
һ׷һ֮УͬһССĵͼ׾ͱ˿ԽĿռ䡣
ɫҰޱȣѾλȴԶ޷һΰӰŲ·Ҳ֪Լܵ˺δֻһն֮ٳ֣ȴԼѾڴ֮С
Χľ޴ѹȹȴޱߺˮѹֺ֮޴ޱȣΪ޿ռǰԵüǴ
ȴ¶ϲɫ
ˮͬڿ͵ϵһ硣˾޴ѹѹʹ޿ռüȶͬʱҲڸ޿ռһϢ
ˮ㻹ҵõٲȻЦźȥ
ʱҶ㣬ȴʧȥٵټԭҰвϼǿħ֮ħ׵籮ȡøȴҲܲ׽ǿռѺ۵յͨ
ѵ齣ʧۣ֮Ҷ΢΢ü岻ĵذεضֱӳħ֮С
˲䣬ħħΧһħ·𻯳ʵһʴǵħҪջ
ħּ֮ǿ˰롣ȥҲͶУϮҵȴûôǿڡ
΢΢һЦ
ħ֮ǿȴʥ֮֮ҲԶʤǰȴһѹʥ߻һʹʥ߻סԼһɫһ㡣
ͬʱ޶ȵɢԼʥ֮Ӱħ֮еתģ޾Ӱ죬ʼתȴе籮ϡ
޴ѹ֮£籮Ҳɢ˸ǿķȴҶֱӶ˹ΪԼá
ʱԭҰг籮Ŀռ֮ҶĿ֮ΧɢţѸٵز׽Χռ𵽵ϸ΢仯ܿ죬һռͨͳҶġǰ
׽ˣ
ҶŹâʱʹ޶ݷǴ׷ȥ
ʱͻȻ֣Լ޶ݷٶȾȻȷһ࣡
ǡ
֮࣬ȴַԼħƺȻڲ֪ﵽһ΢ˮƽϡоʱԼ۷壬ȴ۷Ľֻһ֮ң
۷֮ϣƺһ磬һֻҪվ۷ϣֿɼľ硣
ѵΪһ·׷٣ϵʹħ֮եȡ籮ȴõ˶Ϊ籮׳ң
ٿҵĸǡһ֪Ͼֿռ䷨Ϊ׷ʹԼٶȽȴ츣ˣǶôķ̣
һЦ䣬Ҷȫ׷ȥ
ɫҰ׵Ѻ֮˳Ϣںڰ֮С
ˮһ¾ͽΧȫھ޴ѹ֮¡ѹķֻۣĻúˮ޷ӽߡʱȴͬڴǰʹþ齣ĿռԾ֮ѾʹԪˡ
ۣž˾齣ش߶ӿγһԲεĿռ佫ʹˮܽ룬ɹȴ˷ӺˮгȡעԲοռ֮С
Ѿǿ֮ĩʱҶ׷ѣֻ·һ
Ϣ˰Σָ֮ʣȴû֮ǰָоаϲ
Ҷ㣬ڰ㣡һЦ
˲ҿԶԸ˵ġң¾ҲһսʤüС̫ˣֲȥߣǿ͸ˣֻ֮ìܣǷڤԼڶѣʲô
Χĺˮӿʼ֮ǰͬûзЩڸıţһڰӰԶؽ𣬷·𺣵һСɽ
ˮʼֶǱռ֮ŵڡֻ˼Ҷ£ȴûзı仯
ʶԼѾΣʱһжˡ
һڰֵظӦһԻԼϢɴ۾̧ͷȴֻһƬ޴ĺڰԼֵؽţƴҪ齣ֵϧǣѾˡ
޴ĺڰֱӽΧɣֻüһҽСǽҲںڰΧȻֹԴˣٲٵ
Ҷ֮ʹ޶ݷ׷š
ܸܵ֮޿ռĲȶ·һʧҡһεĵţһͻĸоȴٶȣΪ籮ǿĿռ֮һǿš
ܿȴüΪһѺͨϢԽԽ·һͨҪʧ
ô£ʹʲôзأ
Ҷ룬͵ؼӿٶȣȫǰȥͨϢȫʧ֮ǰֹռѺ֮ŵĵط
Բɢ΢ϢȴѾӰҶ籮ǿռȴӦȴҲٸӦ齣ռѺͨϢ
ٷ·ôʧˣ齣Ҳ·ôʧˡ
׷ʲô
Ҷ㻷ܣȴʲôҲûз֡һƬڰ쳣žͬҹУһѵѹָС
һӰԶӿҶȴûз֡
ռħˮܽʹѹʩ塣
ͬʱҲĸй١
ڴʱһҵԭҰдܸӦǲ籮֮УͨԼԭҰֱԼԻһ㡣
Ҷ㣬˲õޣǲݻ
İǿ޵ʱԭҰ籮֮оȻӦʵҶߵΣգȴ̲סþ
ޣ
Ҷ͵һѵһȴǱ޸
һţһ߷ɿǰȥͬʱͷֻһڰٵϢ޷Ӧû֮ǰѣֻ´ʱѾǺӰΧɡ
ǿڸй٣øΪǰĺڰرԳԭ̬󺣵ĵ£κһ΢ĹⶼҶ¡򣬽Χ
֮УһȻһֻ޴ޱȵ㣬ֻ۾һһҽضҶ㣬澹Ȼ˸һǻ֮⣬ʹޣһࡣ
壬Ѿ仯Χ׵ɫҲƣ̫޴󣬶ҶĸйּΪὫͬں׵һСɽ
İУںףһҶ㡣һҶ㿴ҲһȰС
ۼҶѾԼɽһʱڻõαװɫʱʧ仯һְɫ
һٴ̧֮ҲȻҶ˹
һεٶȣȴԶ֮ǰ͵Ϯ֮ʱʱ˾޴ĺӿҶȻ֮УȴǸӦΧ仯
⺣֮Уǿ
֮УȴһĿռ
Ҷһ۾ס
ٹȻǱˣ
˾齣ӦѾ֮вŻֿռ
ҶĿȴܲɱˣ


276 ֲ
ֻ۶סҶ㡣
иӵĹâ̰ȴҲһ˿η塣ηԼҲе֡ǰǶһСС࣬ɢϢҲԶԼԼΪλĸо
֣
ҶҶĿ򶨣һ֮Ѿʹ޶ݷ޿ռ֮С
ʱ˸գδҶԭ֮׳ʯмĽȻһӡ
ҳںˮӣ谭˵ߡ
Ҷ޿ռ֮УȴδܶӰ죬սͷȥս𣬱Ҫնȥ
һӰļ̌һ±Ҷ޿ռ䣬ӿž޴ĺϯ˲޿ռ֮УҶ㡣
δѾҶжֱͣĶ¼䣬ľ޴ˮѹ޿ռ𶯲ֹ·ʱ
սһĨâʱֱӹǾ󣬷иľ޴Ǿһ㣬ȴûӿѪ
һȻδƿϵ˵˵ľˡ
ȴҲǾٶΪ֮һʹҶܷٵӿ
˹ֱӽһƬ޿ռΧζǾ޴ӣٵؼ޿ռ֮ڡ
һռо˼ȲΪֻһƬʵصĿռ䣬ȴûкˮŭ𣬰ֻһӶǿɢȻһƬ޿ռơ
ޱߵĺˮһ½ҶΧػӶžͻȻҶ
ҶһսӶ𣬵֮䣬âȴĶȫס
Ȼ䣬ֱϣսһ֮䣬ļɱе뵶ƻΪһ壬һ֮£׻ȸӰһԲͬ
һ˿ʣͻȻӡһ׵ĺʱ֮仯޴ײ£ĵɱеĹȴҲŤˡ
ʱɨĵɱУʱ֮
漴ͬʱҶĵƻĵ϶Ϊһȴսݺķĵһƿ֮£ҶƺһȴǱֱ۷飬ȫʹ˳ȥ
סΣһֻ͵˹һ½סϵ̽ѸսֻԼƺҪձһʹ࣬зȫ
ħӰ⣬ϱҪԾ֮˽ĲƳſǾϲǿԿ֮£ħȻһ˸顣
޺ǿ
Ҷʱֻ֪޴֮ǿѾԶԶ˸ʵ۷ĽĦˣ¦ҲĶ֡ˣ˲Ϣ֮׵һλ׵ĸ֡
οߵˡü
ƻķһֽĿ־彥Ҷӡݺҧ֮ȴһ𣺡Ҫڿ־壬ûôף
Уħ֮ħӿ˲䴵ԭҰĿ־仯ǰĶʹҶȫʼʥ߻бǿĹâħ֮з籮ͻȻҶ⡣
Ȼſڷһȡţһֻȭͷ߸߾𣬷·һݺݵ˹ȥ
һȭƽƽ棬ȭȴ·磬ֻ޿ɱܣʱһһںˮУһһȭӭȥ
ССȭͷײһȴȻ˸ƽ֣޴εסͬһиþ˲䣬ɫѪҺɢܡ
һȭ֮ȴѾ
Ϊʹ̼ŭͻȻ³һƬŨڵīһ½ΧĺȫΧ
ֻĿ֮ЧǸй٣Ҷĸ֣оȻҲ淽룬ͬ׹Ĵһ㣬֪ںδ֪ܹͻƶ
ʥ߻УȻʱʧȥҶ֮ϵҶԾСæսʥ壬нٻʥ߻Ƭ֮䣬ʥ߻ƿ˹Ҷߡ
Ҷȴ޷ֻԼоʥ߻ѾԼߣһץȴץס
Ӵ֮£ŸӦʥ߻ɼж
Ȼջʥ߻ȴ޷ʹãֻ֮в˷붯ʥ߻뿪ԼֻдʱҲܸӦʥ߻Ķȴ޷ս
֣׼֡
ʱҶͻȻоܵһʱ׹亣ſһѪ
ѪںˮӣһȴʱҶ޷ΪӦж
صĴϣоΧĵȫ飬ԼһЩɳʯмһͬȥֱɳоԼһѾǱΪһǾʹޱȡ
òʹõħ󷨣ʱתĽ׾ǳĸԭٶȣϢ֮䣬ѾپʲôʹæɳԶȥ
Զǳһıϣ亣ס
ħ󷨣ӡ
ٴα䣬ٴαش
Ҷһδεѭ֮УϷ룬ֲ׹䡣ħʷǰؿתţҲ뽡֮䲻ϵǻ
ѭ֮УоޱȵľȣҲޱȵơ
κκеǿ߶޷ĹԼľһžԵţһܻĿ꣬ڶιҲһе˷顣
ǰȴǿԼѾ֪£ȴվֱǲ֮һ
һҪ
ɱâϵأһνҶݺݵ亣֮͵һԾں֮С֮ϡİһ趯ڿлûǧ
Щȴɣһγһɫľɽ·ǺͻȻһ޴ɺɽһǾɽİţٵ·ݺȥ
УҶһǣ
еҶȴ˿оǾɽĽӽ
ʱǿУȴ·Ǳ˻ʯһ㡣
Ȼڣȴܿ壬ȫԭҰ֮Уһħơ
ЩħѾڵ˼㣬ط仯仯ﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬿¾ͻʱ
֮Уʹȴʼ޷ѡ֪ΣϷȫҪĹȴײеСɳһ㣬޼¡
ħǡħ֮硢ʥ߻籮ȴҲ޷֡
ʱʵһɫɽѾȻ£ľ벻һɡ


277 
һ⣬ͻȻޱߵĺڰ֮š
ûй⣬۾зâһийʧĺǺڰ˹
ʱֻ¶ҫһɲǼ䣬ȴԾɽĺһ㣬һֳòڰӡ
һں֮УһĿռݺͬˮһ˲佫ǺɫľɽΧһص޿ռ֮С
ɫϢţϣɫס޴ϼţ˲۳һö޴顣ɢɫĹâ·һں׵¡
˾ϫ
·һ¶ڼž֮Ļһе˶ƺ
ţڶööε۶ɣƬ̼γöպ׵ľ档ںз裬֮֮ĻӰһööгɱ֮ΣȴͻȻʧ
һ硪Ǹʵص޿ռ֮СǷϣű֮Ҫѹĺɫɽ֮ϣȻͬʱը
±ը֮˲佫޿ռ飬ͬʱҲɫɽѳʮ飬䡣
ߣҵҶļʯײúɳȥɢ
Ȼޱ֮⣬
Ŀ֮£޴ȻսϢڴʱɢΧһƬþ͸ΪȻں׵ϣչ·ݵ
Ҷ㣬ڸʲôʱתͷڿвҶ
Ҷ㲢ûжΪԭҰ֮СʱǷڵѾﵽ˼ޣںȻҶҵıը䣬мԭҰ֮Ʈɢ
ȴûȥ෴һԼÿһĴƮޱߵħ֮УӦԭҰÿһط˶仯˲ԼƺѾͬ
һռһ磬ңԶľָֽɲͬĿռ䡣ۼһռ䣬ۼǵȴһ硣ռ磬ռ䣬ת仯ѭ桭
ԺгҵͷеȷеĴеԼҲ˵ȷǴЩͷۣɢļ
һжҪ
Ҳһеԭ򣬲֪ڵĵ
ԻߣҪ˽οƻûﵽԼҪ¶ȣǻӺζζֿռʲô
ֻҪʹѾǳɹڸ⣬ȴûбҪ׷
ΪҪʱ̼סһûĶߣֻһĿĵĹߣĿġ
һ˲䣬Ҷƺͨ£Ҫϸ˵ȴƺ˵塣
ǣǻ۵ķԾ
һޱͨʱΪƬѾȫеħںһеħҲš£ţһ𣬹ͬոµ塣
ӿع壬¿ʱ򣬾޴ʱоǰδеã̲סһԾչԼ֫塣
һħγһľֱźϳȥֱƿ˺ֱԾϣһֱ˾С
ڽﵽ˳ף
ˣڿӱػȵؿҶ㣬Ȼ
漴ֲҡͷЦһȻͷסҸӦ˾޴Σճסһֻ㻹δףȼȥ˰ɣ
һšת˹Էں׵ľ޴㣬ЦʵҲңֻΪƾҶıһƷһȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˳̶ȡΣǧǧ򣬵֮ĸз֮
һȴֱ˹ȥȻһ¾ײҵزһ£͸¶ޱߵʹ࣬ȴȻֻǷԼŰ
գһ۽ʧȥ˹ʣȻǺڲƻԼ壬Լɱ
þûԵĺöˣͻȻƱڶһ߾׽һߴЦ
ɫѪҺƯɢ·ĵľƹһξһ㣬͵ſһռ֮ʱеѪ£һγһ޴Ѫ
Ǻöɲ˷ѡǺǵЦţٴηڵѪϵسȡѪ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãڽеѪҺȡ˳γһСɽĴѪ򣬶ȴС࣬طȴꡣ
ʱҶǳħҲʧŹ⻪̧˫֡
һһƬ޿ռߣһƬƯˮеıС
ܣԼصĿռԼ߸̲סЩռصĴСһȴγһͨ΢΢һʱ˳ͨ·֮⡣
ףֻǰһҶѾӰһƬ֮ǰٴһȴҶֳԼǰüҶ㣬ڱʲôϷ𣿡
ǱϷҶ㿴ʬ壬Ц
ʱЩȣ漴뵽籮ƷеЩʬ塣
ʱ޲ǿ󣬵ȴǿޣҶϵֶΡ
Щ͵ȵޣĴ˵壬ûз֮ġ˵춨ĵȼԽĵλ֮δ볬һҲ֡סֻ߶ѡ
ԭˣҶһͷ漴Ǿ޴ɫѪʱһ
޵ѪҺŸãֳǿޣѪҺƷҩĺñõСɽһţֵáֵǡݶ㹻ˡ
ֻȡһңûпܵ£
ҶǧѧϰѾãȻ֪޴ѪҺáֻԼΪȣΪɱѪҺҲȡԼȴҲֻܺ
ЦָѪ˵ɲɣ
ɣǴʱҡͷ
һ룬ʬòãҶЦʡ
Ѫ֮۽ȻҲǼõģѪȴǸõġҸǿûšҶ㣬ҷſǾһô˼ҪҵĶ
ȲᡣҶ̾˿ʬ壬ٵȥ
ʲôһҶǰһҲҵġ
Ҳ̫̰˰ɣҶ˵ֻǹȥȡ̵ľ齣ѡ
ôߵȼֻһޣɲһ˵òһҿɵúúպʳ˭֪ʲôģһҲһ½ӽ籮ҵطô죿
ôһɽһҲԲɣҶ˵һ룬ȺɽԵøǿΣ
ٴɡмغһȺɽô׽ǿôԣҲ῿ҳʣЩƤùǷˡû˵ʲôҲ
˵ţȴͻȻһĹâ͵Ťͷźڰһȥ
˭ҹ
УԶȥ


278 
Ҷ㲢ûиӦκʿϢ˼ŭʱΪǱڸǿռһƬ֮ΧӦ޸ǱŶԣУֻʵѷɫ
ڴˣǿȴҲú¡
Ҷ㵹ǿ޳֣˱һ롣
Զ֮пٶģȴޣˣҶ㲻ɴ棬йϸһȴˡһۼףòȻһ޶ȴ۾ҲһĤ
ϸȴָ֮ȴҲűĤȴֲࡣ
ˣҶ΢΢һȴԼ־ж˴˵
û뵽ǾȻִ˵ȷ¡
֮䣬ȷҲˣȴıܲҶ㷢ֻ֣ȴӲĸй١
Ǹ߹塣˽ξи߷ЦѾСĵȴ㷢ˡ
ʲôһ׳˺һֱûȥ빦ˡ
ҲҪֻ˵΢΢һЦͻȻһ֣ʱкӿҶ㻹δӦɢǾ޴ʬһʧ
Ȼ˷˿ռ䷨֮֮
СŭҶҲüëȣǰ٣ǻòͷˣ
Ҳҵгܣ׳ЦһͻȻһֻݣһʱͬһҶӿС
⺣ǿ󣬼зɽҶ㿴ȴҲˣּսзʱնһԼдݶ
Ŀֱ͸ˮڽ׳ϣҶһ仰ҲûжིһӵһâӶ˹ֽһڹâʧŷӦȥһظ֮һѪѿ
˲˵ֳ룬﷢ʹļȴ޷ӱܡ
㣡ȻûϵҶ㾹Ȼǿ֮ңȴٲǰǿֻһ֣һתУУ˲䲻
ˣشš
ȻңҶųռ֮Լߣ͵ǰ
ʱһ޿ռ伯йΧУγһƶĿռ䡣Χһģ·Сһ㡣Ҷǰȥʵпռľһ±ü̡
˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ֮Զ
ƿռ䣿һ԰ֻн֮ʿܿƿռ䣬Ȼףȴֻףôܡ
籮ӰҰɡҶ˵ȴҲǺ£ҲسɴƶЩס߽׵ǿ߽֣ǵвǣҲܵùǡ
ã˷ٶҲһӵƽٶȣǵıǮҶ㣬ԽԽ㣬һӻܳ
ȻҶһЦ籮ȴãã֮ҵһռͨ˳׷ȥߵԽԽˡ
˱ΪѾӳһ·ͻȻоϢԣͷʱȴҶѾ׷ŵʱһ亹֣ȴǷųռԼ˲Զȥ
ҵʬ;齣ߣҶЦûôף
սһӣһâӶȥ˲֡
˾ִУȴ˲ּӿٶȣһâֻһһƬѪ⣬ȴǽȥһ룬۵˺ѷδУȴӵøˡ
Ҷ㷢籮֮ʼζסˣӣȴʼӲҶӦΧ
Խ֣ӵٶȴˣҶ㾹ȻһʱҲ׷ϡ
һõʲôռ䷨ô籮֮ǿҶ㲻
籮ǿ˵ֻⷨں죬רΪںʹãںռ˵飬֮Ȼʤ½뷨籮֮ѾǼǿˡ
ԭˡҶ΢΢ͷ
ԽԽ죬ʼ޷Ҷ㣬ȴɽ͵ҧһ֣һٶȥ֮һǵӰԼǰʱƿռǳǰ
ϰٵӰʱԳзȴˡЩۼףֳһ½סΪ˴ȣʲô˸ôںǣ
ŭһǿߵѹ٣ʱǰٶ˾˿ʱųмȥ
ʱҶҲƿ޿ռ⡣
޴ĺ׳ǳأҶ㲻ɸо۽󿪣ش˼ۡ
Щ˼½˳˹һ漴Χȣ£
ǲӦ£Ҷ˳һֱһ˷Щǿ߲Ԫֵסⳬǿһʱȫ̱սֹȴʧȥ˽ս֮
ߣһҶǰųжȥҶڡϿ֮ʱȥֵֻĲҲֻΪںУϵ֣֮ȴ½ͬ
ˣߣۼϿһɹǶŵؽ˷׷ױӣ뽨֮ڡ
飬ҶֻʶĴûᣬȴɶ࿴˼ۡ
Ҳֻŷĸ׷ȥ
˷ٶӣۼҪ롣
ʲô˸ôںǣ
ڴʱһӰԳһΰĽзȴˡȫɢǿϢȻеԡ
λˣε˽ǰͣ£æʩ񡣡ǻӷֶӳأԵһֻޣȴ½ǰᣬɱһλֶӳҵǲںѰλ֧Ԯ
£һλȻ½˾ȻܵҺ˶֣
ôӣһλŭ𣬡δǵ½ȥԣȴǵףǵɫֻǻᵱһȫ֮
λ˵ͷʬΣ
һһЦֻ֮ڴ˵֮Уȴ֮оȻ塣Ե彻£ҲǴһɣ
Ǵḷ́һУȴѷһںͬǹԾ
Ȼ壡λ˿ʱ۶̰֮ɫ
λˣȴȥڻв
ӣһҪ׷ȥλʱǰס
߰һλ˷Цſһ֮䣬һȴʱ֣ſѪҧ˹ȥ
˼ҲǰҫһһצȥֱӽǾץצУ±˺˸顣
ǿһλ˵ͷʽ׵ǿߡܵõȼ壬ǿǾԵĴһ
˵ţҲͻȻ֣ʱһֻޱԺץһֲ棬ȥ
Смߣſڼ³һâΪһöӭŸֲײȥʱֲײķѡ
һλ˴һͻȻ佫˫һײʱо޴кӿһ½С
Щ¡΢΢ͷ趯צ֮ʣǺңۿҪѳ
ʱһλ˻ּȴųʮڶλ˫趯ٴоޱ۳֣Ÿֲȴһ½ִ˺֮С
Ǻײϣȴʹ˼ҪֲϮȴӦӲϾ
̲סҶ㣬ңۼұɱ𣿡
Ҷ㣿һ΢΢üʲô
ң
һУһĨâӶ


279 ԩ·խ
һĨâ磬˲˵ֻΪܣȴŵþһæ˿ȴֵַâѾɢ֮࣬Լȴûʲô£ɴŭ
ļһϷˣңš
ʬˣҿ˲ҶԶͣλǰ
սһǺ˺ѣʱεߣµλˡ
Щһ˵ƺĽ׵ʿһʹҵģסʵҲ£ټˣҾͲǶˡ
˴󲻼򵥡ĿҶ㣬λͬҿƺͬףϢףϸϸӦȴּȶȴĪ
ôࡣһ˵֮ǶǣҿеսһҲһ׸£
֮СΪһͷ
Ҷ㵶â˿˴ʱЦһһ½ˣʲôҵĹӣҲĵرѵ֮кο£
˵ţʱӿһҪ֣ڴʱľȴһɦץһ£ȴʱץһѪѪںӣһ˿˿һƣȴԴľȥһ֮£һͷ­ȴֱ˾ӣںС
ͷʬ˼£³ȥ
ۼͬôȥһ˲ɷ־ļ
ȴɴ۾סҶеսʱѾףǵâһ֮䣬ʵѾԼֻͬǵâ̫죬Ͼ֮Ѫ֮ȴճͷ롣
һնɱһλĽ׵ĸ֣ģȴòԼԶԶ޷ǰ˾ҹӣһλսʿ
ͬһǿУȴԲģطֶӳǣ
֮Уȴһӿںһ壬˲仯޴ĺֻͬޱһ㣬ҶΧ˹ȥ
ǿƲҶ㣬ȫˣ
кѣҶ㵭Цȴʹս̧֮һȭ
ƣ
һӰȴƺڴ֮С뺣ʱǧʶӿ˲Ⱥ
˶ʿ֮£ȴ֮ɴǰҶ似Ҫս籮֮Ѿףͬһˮƽ֮£ȴʤˡ
ԶԷǿһУȴֻһȭ֮
ãɫ䣬УȴʱȥҪͬԼߡ
ͬȴҲɵӣҪˣȴ̵ͷȥܡ
Ҷ㵭һЦҲ׷ֻǰĿͶԶѾо֮ǰǸߴս֮ʣĵʹöݷߣʱ֮һ׷ǸǿҪ
ãһۣһҶȥˡ
ۼҶһںһ˶һҶʧɲʹÿռ֮ɶݣ⡭½˾Ȼ׸֣
ףһԣҲ
ԼͬһѾ׹·ͬʬ壬һۣ¡
ͬʱаǰء
ȴ˲Щˡ
Ϊеλ֣ôҲܻҶҶһʱһˡһĨâǿиде˻֪֮ʱѾ֪Ѿĸˡ
֮࣬ȴȼ֮ʱһеˡ
֮֮㣬ȴ֮ءһһ߾ֵţҲֻܻػʳˡ
˼֮䣬ǹϤ½Ϣӿ˵ҲٻͷֻǷӳϿռ䷨֮ԨвϴһнԼɣѹľ룬ںռвԶȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãһƬѹ޴ĺ֮СƬУĺռҲѣʱбΣգҶ޿ռ䣬㼸޷ڡ
˿
ͷһȴһ޿ռں󷽲ƴһγһռͨȴԼŵֽһһеرǰ
ڣռ䱻һƿҲʱһޱ߾޳ǰǽٵӰӶȴȫȫż׵ˡЩһʼڣһʱ
μطֶӳΪǰʩ
죬ҵȥ£ع˲ˣغš½˺׷ҪϿ֪ͨ£ǰҵסǣ
˵һųȥһ㵣ȴ˸
½˺͡壿ΪȻظţ漴ҡͷطֶӳǲ˯Ϳˣ½ǳ塭
˿һоطֶӳ˵壬Ǵ˵е𣿡
ҲǱʲô̽ŷ
ʱһ޿ռ֣ͨųжȥȴղǾ޴ѹһ飬һһǿռͻȻǰǶһ
˴
Ȼ壿Ǿ
ÿţ
סǣΪطŵĻʱ߾еĴꪣҪȥ
۷ŭ͵һ𣬺ˮ֮ͬһ㴫Ϊ֣ΪͻȻ㱬ѿޱѪˮķ
Χ˿ŵңȴ˿ǰʽҪһս
ҪǡҶĿһɨ֪Щв޳ĸ֡Щ˼ֱͺͨķûʲôȴֵ˷ʱ䡣Ծһ͵ǰȥ
סǣЩȻ£ǳɱ
Ҷ㿴Ҳһۣҽһ壬ʱмۣһֻݺݵ̤ʱЩ˵ʽɢ׵ߣʱ̤÷飬ΧýģҲ˪Χ˱ˡ
ҶĿǰֻѾһСڵ㣬ۿû봦սһ𣬳ǽԶȴ˹ҪγɰΧ֮ơ
΢һü־չסսһӣȴֱиΧռ䣬ԼΧУ籮ֿ֮Ǿ޴˵ѹʹ޶ݷ׷ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿͻֱ׷˰صһ޿ռ
Χһ޴󹬵Ĵ⹬֮Уȴͬ棬Ȼûкˮȴһ㡣ˮϾ֧񷶥һŴϰ˸ɫˮʣΧʹƣؾֵԶվҲҳ
Ҷ㣡Ȼһȴʱվ
ҶĿһɨȴɴоȡ
ֻǳһλŮӣۣͷССڣʲһеλߡߣȴ½ˣվĲǱˣԪӦĽĦ棬һˣȴǸʵ۷
δ갡ʵ۷ȵؿҶ㣬Ҳվȴ΢Цһ֮󣬾ȻںмƽԪ
ؾֵҶ㣬ԾŮӴȥ
£Ǹ½ˣš
λϵŮӿʱ͸Ĺ⣬ȴ¶ĽĦʵ۷ʡ
ϵãĽĦЦţλǴԣ޲ʱ֮ȥķڤƽԪҶ㣡
ԭλĹϵãǱͷˡŮӵ˵ͷվĿͶҶ㣬ɱ
Һɱӳ俪ڡ
Ҷ㻷ˣһЦ
ǺˣнύҲ


280 ޻ӡ
ôŮӲмһЦ˵۹ŮһСС½عλǰҲҳףǻòͷˣ
ҶĿˣɫȴ㣺ĽĦ͸ʵ۷ôŮʻ쵽һȴֺ£ѵ˵ʥźй֮£
뵽˴һѵʥźȴ֮
ĽĦ濴ҶߵһЦʱڻԴϣȺȴ㣬˲졣ãԼɲܹǳˣ
˵ţͻȻɺ͵޾ԣϣ̧֮䣬ҪץǴĲ
ͬʱʵ۷죬ȴҲ
ۼ˶Ҫֵ˼ɾ֪ҶȻǰǿȴҶһ޿ܡ
ҶҲϣȴ֮ǰһ֡
սâһһʱâݺͬ쾪ף֮⣬ҫ۶𣬷ӶȫŴ˵֮Ԩ˵۹Ůȥ
â޼ȴȻһڵâδ֮ǰʱ̧ȡһö֮ӡӡΪΣϷ̤˵ĵɵɰѱУӡϿ֡޻ӡ
ӡһܾʱӿˮˣһУҲЩâȻӹ壬ȴͬɨһӰһ㡣
÷Ҷ㲻۾һ
һת֮䣬͵һһʥħصķֱӽĽĦ͸ʵ۷Сʥ߻ʥħ֮򣬾޴Ȼһ½ͷס
Ҷһ㶯ּ䣬ħ߶ſ³öȥأһȭħϡ
䣬ֱӴڰصϣֻһȭͽùǶϽۣϰɿ飬еɳʯһɢ׹䡣
һտԨʯƳɵİƴοռ䷨ȴˤϣأ㱻Ҷ̧һӣԿռ˹С
زû֮Ҳ벻ҶǿǰȻɱԼ֮·Ӧɱ֮
ץУħʱӿ룬֪вŵʬ;齣Ҷ㲻ɰġ
ֻħһɨ֮ʣȴⷨлвĺöȴһ߾в֪޵ʬ壬һѶСɽҲƵʯ
ʯɢǿȻ׳ǿߵ£Ҷ㼫ǾȡȺļʶȴԲ֪ʯǺࡢкιЧп½ȴǾ޽֮ʡ
ϸϸĥЩҶֻһף㽫ռ䷨籮С
ڱǰףۼԼǰɱɫһ䣬֮䣬ӿ޻ӡʱ׹⣬ͬϸĺһߣö
Ҷ㵭һЦУöһը޴һ½Щ׹ɣɫٱ䣬æ
ҶӡҶһּ䣬ս糱ĵâȥ籮γһͬĲ޿ռ䣬С
ͬʱħߣһײһ޿ռͨ˲ߣſҧȥ
⣬޻ӡϹâȴǽˮлףסЩâӹʱһռѺۣȴ˼塣
̧֣һץˮ˱㻯һֻצһ½ħͷץס
ʱȴһŤһ޿ռͨ˲ߣצһ»˾צȴץ޻ӡϡ
ӡһǲ
һ֣һˮ˾צץסצӡ
ʱҶȴٵֱһ£ȻֱһռѺۡѺ֮ӣױ㷢ľ죬˲׷ɡ
ɷһС
ĻռȻǿ󣬵սħټ籮ȫ淢֮£ȴǲһҶһ֮ȴĺ·ܽһˣһնһ㡣
⾪˵ƣȴ˲֮С
ʱħͬʱҶȴ̧͵һץħľƾնһץ޻ӡϣȴǳ񶯵֮ʣ֮ס
л˲عӡȴ鼱֮Ҳֻɿ֣͵ˡ
ˣ޻ӡȴȻҶС
ҶһϲҪħӦ޻ӡǷвűĿռ䣬ԭҰȴͻȻӿһһ½޻ӡУħ֮磬ݺײ籮
ô£
ҶһӦ޻ӡȴѾײ籮֮ϡײûе춯ȴţͶһ㣬޻ʼ˲䱻籮ɡ
һ籮ɣѸٵر籮ѹɡҶȴԼԼڶһĿռ֮Ȼһʱ޷գȴܸӦǿռԿΧޱߵռ䡣
ʱ籮Ҳٷ仯øӺƴԲ·ʳҩʿҪ̽һ㡣˲䣬Ҷֻо籮ٵرһҪħ֮
ħʱѹơתɡ
Ѿ֣ߣҶʱȴӦĽĦ͸ʵ۷ӳ޴ۿҪʥħ˺ѣһ֣ʥħеʥ߻µõʱУ˲ʧ
ʱʧȥʥ߻֧ŵʥħأⰵһ»˲䱬ը޴ȴĹһ´ݻ٣ԭĵãһ¾ͱһƬ棬֧Ԯսʿ
ĽĦ͸ʵ۷һƬ̳֮˴˶һۣȴкȻ֮ɫ
ȷҶ𣿡ĽĦ澹Ȼ̲סʵ۷˶ʡ
̫£ʵ۷̾һ˲ԼԼԵĲƽԪҶķǻ¦ǵķ
ôأĽĦ˼⣬Ҷ㵱ʱڻԴʱĽףССɫҵȷۣô֮ͻȻ˳̶ȣȻһзסҶã
λһ죿ʵ۷˵ԪӦȰһ䣺Ӣ࣬ҵڣ֮ȴǳҶ㡣պǷڤ֧ڣֻ·ڤλϹ̣ʱԪӦҲãҲãҪ𣬱졣
ĽĦ˼ͷ
Ҷ㣡ʱһŮȴ͵شתͷӣֻŭȼգһԳ֮ɫҧ㾹ȻһһʹرҲʬΣͷ֮ް
˹֮Ϊ֮̾
λһɱع˿ڣģʥźȻ֮У˱Ϊҵõ
б⻰ڣǱˡʵ۷⣬ĽĦһͷԪӦǾһְɡ
ãĽĦһͷ޾ԡ׷
ʱռӶ˲ʧ


281 Ӽݵ
ҶдƬ֮Ѿʮ֮⡣Ϊж죬Ҳ籮ռ֮УֻԼһʩչݷԶȥ
һ߼ݣһ߲Ͻħ籮֮УѰ޻ӡټ籮֮ڣֻ޻ӡȴ޻ӡʵ壬Ҷȷϣ޻ӡѾȫ籮ɡ
籮Ȼɿռ䷨Ҷе⡣뵽֮ǰõİصĿռ䷨ȴδ籮գЩɻ˼ȥֻǼռ䷨΢ȴ籮֮ʰɡ
ţ󷽿ռӿȴӰԶԶ׷Ҷ㲻ûͷֻӦϢ֪ĽĦ桢ʵ۷һ׷
б±׷ɡ
Ҷ㲢ǣֻԼϼ٣Լܵ籮֮ӵޣ˲Զɶݶȥ
ÿٶȣʵ۷ۼҶͻȻ٣ɳһ
ʲôĽĦȴΪȻһ޾ԣǺʱӿ͸ʵ۷һ
ɲǼ䣬޾͸һâ㱼ڣͻȻǰǰȥӽҶľ롣
޾ԹȻ
ҶоϢϽӽԼͷһֻɰԸ̾һԼȻ籮֮ʹسɴķɶ֮Ͼȼеͣ籮֮Ҳδȫã޾ǿķȴҲ޷
֮˫ľһҶۼ޷ѣɴҲӣ͵һתֳսأĿ
ĽĦҶͣ£ȴҲ״ǰʱͣ£ںС޾Ϻջأ⿪ʵ۷ˣһһҶסҶ㣬жɱ
Ҷ㣬޻ӡһǻȨ˶ش󣬼ʹӵĺǣҲ׷Ŷء޻ӡһֽţһһǿѹŭ˵
󡣡ҶһЦôб£ȴô׶޻ӡ
ǲҲ˽ŭԡһʱδȫȴˡҶ㣬˲ܽӶ˴λǿһ֣׼ռˣȴѾ졣
޻ӡҲɱ֤ɱ㡣ʵ۷˫ֺʲһߵӡ˽ΪֶԼɱ֮ᣬҶ㲻òϣԼпܱƭ
֤ɱ㡣ĽĦЦ
ֻǽҴһѣǷˣҶЦ
úˣǴѰĽĦ˵
ѰҶһЦδذɡ
˵֮䣬һӣʱ籮е˶˳
һʱ䣬Ҷ߸ֱ鲼ǿԶԶ˳ȥΧԲڵˮ龪ֲƴԶȥ
߾ô֣֪Ҷϸһˣȴһ
ʲôĽĦһڻԴҲЩڣΣ
㻹һ֮Ҷҡͷһ̾ڻԴϣǿƣҲûнףδ籮֮ȻǶ֡һѴͬν˳ԪӦȴδؾʤùң
ХҶеһʣµĶˣֻҪǲסҶһһɱǣʤ㣬ȴѾУ
ǣһ˲ɶ֮ͷ
Ҷ޻ӡḶ́ȴͨҶ֮籮еˣ֪֮ȴɵò𾪡
Ҫ֪ʵΣ䲻֪ĽĦ͸ʵ۷ʲô˿úܡΪŮʣƽƽʵ಻¡
ˣǶĸ֣һ֮ɱˣȫˣѾ漣Ҷ㲻ʬ;齣Ȼ˳ְ޻ӡҲֱ˼
˵ʱѩɺĪͿԷҶеִִֵȴѾȫ
Ŧȴ˷ԪӦУŦǵһҶ㽨壬ŦΪҶҶӪ֮УȴҶϵ
ҶɳΪŦϽȻˮǴߣԪӦĵλ
ԪӦУĽĦʱҲԵòôˡҶȻǴˣȻԱǰȫĽĦǿһҶӦټϴˣȴռϷ磬ֺαԪӦ
ĦĦҶ֪֮࣬޻ضȨѾ˼ϣ֮£ȴ˷
ޱϲɫΪҶǿˡ
ﻢǼѡǽƱһ˭СҶǿߣȴڴ֮䰺ͦأپǿˡ
ˣȴ̲סǰȥ˵ĽĦ棬ʵ۷Ϊ˹֣µǽơԪӦǿߣȴҶүˣĹǶ֣
Ҷ⻰ȴһ
ˣơԪӦлƺ¥ԼҲӵмҵȴѾԶǿκνһɵ
һĹңֻҲ޷ȡû¦ǵвƾҵʹ¹ʥϣʹڤжٶȳΪµһǿ
ǿ̣ڤսҵٲ֮࣡
Ըȴˡ
ĹʱһŵһӰȴǿٽӽת֮࣬˶תͷ˹ȥֻһһ۵Ŀӣڴ֮УţˮԽӽʪ
¦ޱȻ
ȴ¦
òˡ¦ĿޱȻһЦֻǽȴܴﾪϲֻҪֻޱߵʹࡪΪҲ֮󣬾ɱɱҶ㣬Զȥĸ󻼣
˭ֳһҶĵˣʱĽĦ͸ʵ۷ʡ
ڤӣ¦ĽĦ浹ϵ棬漴һЦǷڤɱȴʡǵŮǱ˵һߣභɡ
Ƕò࣬ٳֲ١ʵ۷΢Ц飬˵ȴǶޱȵĻ
ԪӦ¦ʱȴĽĦ棬ӵ½ˣЭ飬ͬͼıڤȨԼ֮֮ڤܣʥ֮ؾ˵ҲˣЭҲʱԪӦԹֻۣ²ʰɣ
⻰ǲĽĦһЦСԼǷˣһҪȼСʱ֪»ƾ֣ȴǲɡһ½ս֮ʱڤͻȻֺء
ʵ۷ҲŰǻǵĶԹɣҶĶԹ
û꣬¦ҳʱΪǸ˼ϸӦϢȴԭ˲ֵһᡣʱ̲סڣҲǳĽ׵ĳ̶ȣ˵Ҷ㣬ҾͿ׽㣬ڴ˷ſԣ
˵֮䣬צһ̧ʱһצɣ¦ץ˹ȥ
ΪԼΪͿˣ¦бмغһﲻףΪǿʥ֮
̧֮䣬ָһöʥӿ糱һ½ȫϣȴǻףƤѪ֮Уγһ಻ɫ·
Щ·˴һκ󣬱ʱӿʥ¦̧ͷǲϽӽצĿ䣬ֱ̧ۡ
Ȼ䣬ȭͷսսȭȴһɫնȴսնϵʱŵӣת۲֮С
֣һֻ֮צδϵֻǱӹʱ㣬ɢںС
й֮ߣĿⶼһ¡


282 ʥ䷢
ն𴦣â䣬һսɢȴ̲ס˸¡
ãȴܿϢŶˣҶ㣬Ұﲻ㣡
Ҷ㣬һķɰɡ¦ն̧һƥʱںӣ·ͥ
ˮҲɸǾֹĵӿ
˺¦͸̾
ʵ۷֮࣬ҲڤΪһǿȻڶ˵䣬ȴ˲šҶ㣬¦ʵǲﰡҹȥֻע⵽Ҷ㣬ȴδע¦һ֪ԭҲ˲õĴš
ü֮䣬ȴѾö⣬һս֮ʣҪû֣ܽڤλһٻɱ
ˣڤʧȥδ޹˵̣лȾָǿ֮
ĽĦҲ¦ǿ֮Ҳһ˼
¦ҲãҶҲã̫ᣬҲ̫ǿȥκιҶǾ޴в
¦ĵδлصƣǶο֪˶Ŀǵĳ֡
˭֪Ŀǿһ֣ԼΪа˲ǵѣٶһڴ
Ҷȴ˾
۲ɫȴ֪һδȴѾԣ˵ƣʹһ롣
ʵ۷ĽĦɫı仯Ҳδӳĸй٣ظӦһ˿ΣգȴַΣղһ˶ȴʱ϶Щгö֮ʣ֮ġ
ǵóѣ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷת֮Уռɾһְ㽫ԼһиֶУһ籮֮Сһʧ
ӣ¦ɷЦҶ㣬Ҳмұ·ӵʱʹ죡ʶҲ֪Ѿȫʥ֮ʥȫʵȴѾԶԶ㣡ӣȴҲӲȥ
ЦУ͵ػӵһնˮʱֿһߣУ˲Ҳʧ
׷ĽĦüͷһ壬޾ٴηʵ۷סһͬʧȴ˳ſռ֮·سɴٵ׷ȥ
Ҷһ·ǰʱ۲ӦΧĻ֪Լ¦һսԿţ˭ʤͷĽֶҪλǿߵֹ
ˣȴҪѰһ޷ٵ¦ټ¦Եָʤ
һ·۶УѰĵطȴһĸоΪĵطһڡѭԼָо˳ſռ֮ǰȥ֪ȴ
ΧһӿСͬɣȴ·ڽҪ컻һ㡣޴ĺ֮У޿ռ䲻βʼնıԵ޷ά֡
ҶҲƴȫӳԼƿص籮ȫǿǰ
аϲĵطʹλǿ޷׼ȷҵǵټ
һ룬һ߼ȥΧĹԽԽ٣󼸺ȫڰȴԽԽǿ·Ǿ֣֮ڲ˺ſռ䡣ڣ޿ռ֧ţ־޴ѹ֮˲顣
Ҷһ𣬵漴ޱħסԼԨ֮м¶ȥתµУԽϰٵ޵֮ԨһƬ΢֮
䲻ƽ֮ǰȣȴѾǷƽ˾ˡ
ĬĬصȴš֮һӰغ˹ŵɫʥƣгŷն¦
һõط¦ܣ΢΢һЦҶ㣬ΪԼѡһĹ𣿡
¦Ϊ˲Ҫ̫ſ񡣡Ҷ˵
¦Ļͷ̫ſ񣬲˽֮
Ҳ͵ϮҡҶ˵
Ѳ͵Ϯң¦Ц
භ˴Ҳ޺ôҶ˵֪˭ʤ˭Ƕʱ֣˽һ˿
ܽ¦ͷȴǽͷֻҪǽˣӦǹôλΪңҶԸ㡣ҵ˴ȴʹЩ֮Ĺڣơ
¦ԽǿӱԽɵ𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦҡͷ̾
Ҷ㣬ͷʲô¦䣬ź⡣ȥһֱеĿǣҳʧܵζһ㣬ұĽԲðβͬˣǱҵĳΪȴȫʥ֮ʥáΣҪʥ֮Ը㣬޷֮
ҵҪ㾿Ҷ΢΢ͷս֣ͦ
սָ¦ţٿȻ֮䣬âһ
ĵâ¦͸ĲǾη壬ޱȵš
ɫ·ϸţףɢȴʤסһƣڿӳɫĻ뺣һݱ
âǾӹ̶Ħ֮¦ϴŵЦ⣬赭дһ֣һɫ㽫âȫɡ
СϷͲҪˣ˰ɡ˵ӱһ˲ѾҶǰն𣬴⻪Χתȴ·ǺŭҪһ㡣
һնҶ޿ɱܣӵ֮ԡѵײһĲķӿúҡ
ֶԻ֮УҶȴһΣȻĽǶ֮Ƴߡ
Ҷ㣬ҲвҾһ죿¦Ц
һеʧδ̫˰ɣҶһЦͻȻһȴһ㣬Χռ֮һʱλӰ˿͸١
¦Ŀ䣬͸غˮȴһֱҶ֮ϣȻ㲻Ի
㷭ȥʹȫСϷʧ¦΢΢ҡͷѾʵ̫ѾԶԶ㣬˼ʩչκֻСϷ𣿡
һ̾ģȴûȤˣʱɱɣ
ն⻪䣬ն·߲ͬͬٶ಻ͬ׽ҶĿսȻ޴󣬵ȴӯһҶںз趯Ȼȫ¡
֮ںﴫȴֱһ赲ܴԶ
ˣ˷ӳҲܵ޴˵Ӱ죬ɢȴ޷Զ
ˣǿĸҵټҲ졣
Ҷ㣬˴ĿΪ躣֮ܿңû뵽ɣҵʥ߻ᣬǼ£ȴ˺¡ʥʥ߻ǿӦӵĺǣҶҵõ㣡
¦һ߻ӵնһЦ˵
һ⻪䣬ޱߣҶһֵţȴԷĵˣЩײ뺣֮Уʵ÷ǡ
ɡ¦Цţǵ⡣
նҶնȥȻ˲նʮһͼҶȥ
ͬʱ¦߾նָϵʥ֮ӿӲڵ֮ϣȫɫȴ·һʥ֮С
ʱǵⷨѾҶǰҶ㼱æս͵شһ죬أķƣ
˲䣬ħеս֮ϣɢһܻķϢһǰһǰһնֱǵ֮ⷨϡ
һѾУǷֱӱնƬɢķ
ʱ¦ȴ߾ɫնһҶǰǵҫ۹⻪ݺն¡


283 ǲ
¦Է·ֿɵ֮Ͷ֮䣬оӿ
ЩңԶĴ˵ʥʥ֮Ϲסָϵʥ֮УͨʥתƵϣΪá
ʹĵǿÿһԽҶ𶯺ˡ
ʱһնǴɱȻɱģƺһ£ҲһΪɡ
ãһޱߣȴҪҵҶһȴţз͸һĨ˷֮ɫ
Ҫĵܼҵȫ
Ȼ䣬һ֮ʱȫħ֮еħ׺Ȼ죬һ籮֮ϣΪ˶Կħף籮ȴת޴Լ֮е޻ӡ֮գ
˲䣬ҶһѪĸо·Լֻص½֮ϣ
޻ӡ֧ţȴоԼںб½ϸơޱߵġصĺˮҵġǿĺ޲ԳΪɱˡ
ħʱǱҶϲȭУںһγɵ¼ơȴֱħľ޴´ħ־˸ı䣬̥ǡ
Ҷħ֮ս͵ػ
һںħǿƣޱߴ󺣵һ±ȴһ㣬ӿ
ײΧΪ֮һ𣬺ˮͬһ㷭죬ķӿȥȻγһ޴ˮռ䡣
ɼ֮ǿ֮͡
Ľ֮У˵嶼ҵһź󷽷˳ȥֱɳʮԶŸԷסΣ˴˶ӣжԶԷżɵ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҷ㡣¦΢΢ͷû뵽ȫӳʥ֮ȴֻսƽ֡Խˣɱ֮ıԽǼ
ն⻪¦Ȼǰ壬纣м㣬գۼ䵽Ҷǰһն¡
Ϲݺ֮䣬һȻٵ񵲵Ҷֱ򺣵׸׹ȥ
ɱ¦۷ź⣬׷ȥնҶҡΣ׹䡣
һڿѪҶɢΧˮ֮С֮䣬Ȼ¦նˣȴȫ·硣
Ҷ㣬ɣ¦˷֮ɫŨնͻȻı࣬·Ҷֱնȥ
ҪûôסҶʱȻǰѪ۾âȴ¦һնȻ΢΢һЦ
һʥħطͻȻֱ¦ȥ¦һõһ֮䣬޴նʱı·ߣնʥħء
ҲڴʱһʥħͻȻ֣ʱֻϽצһС㣬˲ӰСС磬ֶ
ֹһһ·׷Ҷ׹·УȴʮСͬʥħͻȻ¦ȥ
ʲô¦ɴһ
Դˣ֪ҶȴǹԼʾԼʧȥڰȴط塣ԼУҪѣȴϼѡ
㲻ɣŭһ޴նֶ裬նЩʥħءǿκʥħ̫࣬ѩ£ڽС
밵ϣֵάƽ⣬ֻκһʧȥƽһʱȴͻⷨ
ʱһʥ֮ȴͻȻֻ֣ƴޱȣԼɱɾһ亹
ֻʥ߻ֳһɫʥħ֮ɱһֱǰֱ¦š
У¦æӵնȥնһɫʱƽʳƬǽ˲͵¦Ŵһ´
¦ܵظоһ־壬ֻԼֻҪһ˲ｻˡ
ɴʱָʥȴһǿ⣬ǹâֱͨϷ󺣿ռ䣬˲仯һŻһŻдСȻҵˣǻòͷˣ¦ҲǷһҴȴԲɱС̫ʧˣ
˵֮䣬һֻͻȻŻ˳ȭͷʥ߻ݺݵش˹ȥ
ãҶֻһʱһеطԶȥҲʱǴִʥ߻ϣʥ߻ͬɫһ÷顣
һȭֱ޷ݣҶоһȭڴ֮ϣֻ´ҲҪǴ֮ϣֻҲѿ
ǴԼϣԼҲʥ߻һ˲ͷɳ
ʥԷ
о̾
¦Ȼʥ֮Ϊãⲻܣ
ֲòϣһоԼǰˡʥԽȭԼ¦ɱС
ʥ֮⽵£ʥ߿½ʹô½ǿ߻л·
Ҷתһ룬ȴЦ
һ¦ȫԻʥҲӦΣգ˲ȫ֡
ֶΣ¦Ȼ޷ʹãֻһȭ֮ʥ֮ҪϾ
Ȼ²֮ʣһŻȴǽʧǾںл˼£·ҪץҶһʱǿޱȣŻһʧ£ֱʧ
գ
Ҷ㲻ĨһѺ
ö࣬һΣԼͱɡڡ
΢΢һЦӭ¦ȥսһâֱ¦
Σ¦ȴǾֺˣϵȻԻס壬ȴûγɫĻ
Ҷֻ֪Ѿģٲ֮ǰˡ
¦㲻˵ձضҪɱ𣿡΢΢һЦ׷ȥôȴҪ𣿡
ˣ¦һҧҶ㣬ɼƭ찣Ϊұұʥ֧֣һССʲô
ŭһնٴ۳ΣϵӶϣ˲䣬ǵϵ˾޴֮ǰһ㣬·ܻء
Ҷжĸоȴ뷽Ųͬ
ѾˡҡͷһЦ£ղҵڣȴġ
˲Ϣǰȥս𣬽¦н·ߵС
¦Уûɵһ־ֵʣΪҪȻʥߴ˷Էʹʱܽٷңʥʥ֮壬ΪҪ
£
һҧӵǰҶƴںвϵؽţһ춯ڶԿ֮УҶȴδ˳벽
ĵ಻ʱ󿪴ϣͬ籩뾪ףʱ鶯ߣͬתĸƮ֮ʣѰ١
¦ֵֻƣԼȫ޷УֻǿӦš
֮䣬ڳһٶҶ㣬Ҷն˲ߡʱӿȻһƣһɣ߲Ʊȫ飬ˡ
¦վڣҶȫչһһ޿ռ䣬ֲͬĿռͨҶһγһ
ǰ¦ֻսսȴܵѹƣ޷ȫӡ
𣿡¦뵽ۣɴ˸¡
ҲҲ÷ڤӣһעʸˣǱʥ߿еľ֮ţӵ·֮õľ
ңô
ɽڣûգֻҪţһɱҶ㣬ô
϶ȴѡӡͷһϵƶþ͸͵һӵһбҶ󣬱ʱŤͷȥƲ֮£ѸٵԶȥתʧ
ӣҶҡҡͷ֮Уı£ҲԿѣ¦ҵĶԹڽսڴ˵ذɡȴҲʵɲǿ֮Ĺ


284 
νͣ
ƺ֮ܵõôʱӵһУһسȴһȴû塣
ʱ¦Ժ̲ס˼Щ⡣
ΪΣ
ҵĲŻұ𣿶ǡ
ΪʲôԶҪҶУ
ҧߺޣ޼ƿʩ
ʲô취ԿҶ㣿ʲôֶɱҶ㣿
ʥˣȻȴǰУ
һʲô
ҡľƻԶ޷йҶԴˡҶ㡱ֱħŬ޷ͻơ
ħΪ·谭ʹĹ粽ǰ
Ҳһ㣬סơ֪Լһ㣬㽫ֹڴˡˣǲʥҲ
ʱһˡ
ҪħҧݣֻҪþһֶɱҶ㣬ҾͿԽ֮ƣһ·ǰõʥǷڤӣޱߵȨҶ㲻ǻм𣿲ǻҾҵȨļΪ㣬տɽܣ
û˵Ļֱ޳Ȼ䣬Ҷ䴫¦һ͵ǰԾ
ͦɽǵӰսԶս񣬱Լе׵ľ
ôܡ¦
ҶŮ޻ӡҶ˵֮ҾͶԴ˸ȴ֮Ȼ˴ңҶȴ̹;෴ȴ赲˵ĽŲ¦Ӳȥˡ
⾹ȻҪԼԼĻӣҶѾӿޱɱ⡣¦£һսѾʮâ¦·ȫ
¦ʥ֮Ҫȫ֮ʣҶȻɱս
նƣ
õһУҶ˼֮˵ڣȴݻһСնơһʱ䣬ս֮籮֮ħ֮϶Ϊһͬķһ㣬˷ϵ¶¦С
޴ӵһ¦ڱĴϵһҶ𣬻һֻ˹ȥҪޱߵĵ˺һӣӳ졣
ȻǱƣȴѾʧԭûʥ֮ӳ֡Ƶȴ΢Ȼڵسȴڰ;֮Уȫ顣
Ҳģ¦ȫ˵⣬ĽסУǽնӭޱߵƳ˹ȥ
÷ڤӣעҪµˣǲŻӢۣõʥעҪʥˣôܻУƾʲô
УնҪҶս˺
˲졢ءķľ޴ȴѹôһӴս⣬еľսһħԽԽǿ
ҲҶĶ֣ԶҲǣ
ħӰ֮£¦ɲδʹȫȴѾע˰ܾ֡
ʥߴˣң̲סһҽСΣûʲôˡ
һͨʥţȴѾ޷򿪡
ˣ¡Ҷƽȫչ

ҽУѪɢλһĻӣλõʥ˶λҶõ꣬Ҷ㵶»˹ꡣ
նƵĵƣɽԨ纣ͬܰֵ֮£¦ӱ׷ָ飬ѪڵӰбնϸмؼٲ¦κһ壬еģֻһѪɫ
ں֮УҲֻƬ̣ɢˡ
˵ƣһƬɢѪҶвЩп
һӣŻݺᵱֵʥȴԲǶô¡
΢΢ҡͷˣһ·һûָû··һʼܸջյҪԼһ߳ͨȡÿһ
һһׯʲôж
Ҷ㲻ɸпһֻõȨƣֻõһС塢˵Ĵۡ
ּ̧䣬ȭħƳѪץһһ龭ĥ̵տԨʯһöʥ䡣
õУҶϸشšʥ֮ʥ֮Ҷ˵ȴϤտԨʯȴԼõһ߼Ŀռͬһɽһ㡣
ħУɢ¦µϢտԨʯȫպҶʱ淢ȴǶѻɽʯиҶֻţȴδġʥ·ʯ
ʯָ֮ͨʥ֮·֮⣬ȴʯ̺Ϊǿȴһǿһ㣬ĸ۰ʹãɵɹ˶ֻôʯͬԴʯ̾һͨʥ֮·һ㣬߿ɳʥ˲Ϊ
ʯȴֻڹŴ伮֮Уڽȴδдʯ֡Ҷ㲩Ⱥ飬Ҳ֪ʯ
տԨʯУʥ·ʯȴм֮࣬ʵǼֵǵر
֮⣬߿ռȴװ˸ʽսסϰټͨķ¦ȡ֮ģ׼սԿװ˴㹻Ҷ㽫Լİ׻һװʣ飬ѺôȴҲǾ޴ջ
֮⣬ҶȴϤ֮һһɢߣһһӡ
ҶΣ¦߿֮ӣҲ߿͵ķ
ƷտԨʯУȻ߿ˣȻ뿪¦
ȴҶ֮ˡ
ʥ䣬Ҷ㷴սħСħһʥ֮ڣʱǿҵĵֿҶ㷢ƿǵֿ֮ȴԲʹħȫʥ֮У·һʥ֮סħһ㡣
ʥ
Ҷ˼ţһֻסʥ塣ڣħ֮ںʥħ缤ħ֮۳Σȴʥ߻
ʥ߻ϸ˵һʥϳɵһΡȻű÷飬ֻΣʡЩʥ类ʥٻħ֮УҶһ֮䣬Ǳۡ
ʥ߻һɣʱɳʥ϶Ϊһһ»Ϊʥ֮Сħ֮ʥ֮ڣＤеʥϿۻǵ֮ţ֮ȴɶʥ߻ɵȫһײ֮£Ȼ
ʱҶħ͵ؽʥ֮УħںһѸٵռʥÿһ䡣ʥǿʥ֮ʱʥһԼ䣬Ȼʥ֮ڴһССŻʥעʥ䡣
УҶȴӦһɼϤеһ
ʥ
С֮ͬʥ֮ӦҶ㲻ɼΪ֪ǰʥʥȻţȻȥܽʥԼⲻ֪ʥߴʥ䣬ȴܽʹʼ֧ԮԼˡ
һұҲֱʥгȡΪԼˣ
ҶйâĴ
ʥ֮ϣ䣬ʥ֮˲䣬ӣһʥơЩʥƲ¦ʹ֮ʱһ㣬Ƥ֮УջΪΡ
ȴҶ֮֮֮ͣ࣬Ϊǿ
ã
Ҷ㲻ϲص˵ͷʥ䣬ֻѾȫһٲɷָ
ٿµõǿտԨʯӦʥ·ʯɢǿҶ㲻΢΢һЦ
ĽĦ棬ʵ۷ƺҲǽ֮Թĺӡ
ұһµõʥ֮ɣ


285 ޱ߾
ں޻ӡ籮ںһԷӳǿĿռҶظ֪ΧһƬҺУռеϢ
֣͸ʵ۷ʱĽĦĴ֮£޾Եں֮дߣѰңȴҲѾԶˡ
ǳѾõǿߡͷޡʹĻ֮УȻҲԷ˿ȷֵ塣
ǿȴҲȲӵ޻ӡҡ
ռ֮ҶݵԺ֮дֱڴȥ
ɶ񣡡ʱһ޴ĺŭҶ㣬Ҵ޻ӡЩҵĲһ㣬ֻ赲ˣλ赲ң
Ůһѵʵ۷һЦʲôĵˣⲻáԿľԼ
һۣĲˣȴûз
ĽĦһ֣޾ѾᵽǵϢöñҵ൱ҪãǸϵ֮ʱǵľսҴȴֱ֣һɱ
ɱҶ㡣ʵ۷͸ɱ͸ϣ뾭ôۣȴԻúúãδ棿
ҲáĽĦһͷ¦ƭô꣬ŭˣվһɱֶӣҲծֶɡ
ұ㰵أκһһɱУ֧Ԯ˵
ðʵ۷Цˣ˵ֱܷԪӦǿ
ҪŮæģزҡĽĦЦһ
ɱ֮£ȴ֪Լɱ֮ˣʱѾһ޴֮Уٽ޿ռڻǵĻ˸һֲ©
֮Σ
Ҷ㲻Цˡ
Ȼ䣬͵ƿǾ޴ĺս޻ӡϣʱΧС˾ȥս׵ȴնĽĦ档
һ±·ͻȻ˶⧲ĽĦ棬ƺܻһУӾһɫȻ䣬ȴٹ˲ñӵͬ飬ջ޾֮־ٴĲӭȥ

һ֮УսݺڴĲϣĽĦ˫۷飬ǿ޾Ҳ˻˲
ôôǿĽĦ治ɾһ
һ֮λԪӦ飬ڶűն˹ɫ̲סŭ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ۸𣿡
֮޾̤ףʱĶںˮ֮Уһͷ޴̧֣Ҷݺݵز˹
ҶȴֻһЦͻȻһ㿪Ǿ̤ںףʱӡһ޿ӣҲŶΧռһ󶯵ݡ
ʵ۷ˣͱƣò˵Զʱһ˱㲻ò˵øԶ
Ҷһƻռ֮ǣ֮£˾ȥ˲϶ţȴ˵ԽԽԶ
ĽĦ棬㹴¦ǣŴַҷڤ߹أɱգձΪֻعӣɣ
һĺҶǣţĽĦȥĽĦ治Ը޴ĺԿȴ޾ȥ֪ȴ⺣Ƶñʮ֮ң
һߣҶѾʵ۷˷ֿ赲ȷʱ޿ҹ󣬲ŷĵ׷ĽĦ棬һͷնȥ
СΪսʤ¦ܲ𣿡ĽĦоܵսŭһĲתʱǧٵ׵磬֮ҫ𻨡
߸ֳһλߴľĴƤףֳһ˫иǰȥǧٵ׵һ壬һ˸磬ӭսնȥ
ײһ׵âʱܲݡҫ۵ĹâУϵĵɢҲڶ֮һѺۣ·ٶһ£ʱ
ҶĽĦһ֮£ҲȴǴ˸ƽ֡
ǿ˵زĽĦ澪ȶϢ಻ףôҴƽ֣߽׸ְ
ΣҶһЦ֪¦ڻԴ֮ʱΪû׷ɱңһҵõ籮ҵϢؿռ֮ڸ֮£Ҳ׽ΪҵѾκһˣȴա
籮ĽĦҧҧҵޣ籮񲻾ҵˣҶ㣬ССĽʿȻܴҵǿжر㱾£ĺҲΪֹˣ
һ޾ʱ˻˲Ǿ޴ǰ̧ңң׼Ҷ㡣
еĴĲǸ߾ٶɢ֮
ӿ֮ʵõ޲ԭи߾˫иĺĻӰʱ󣬷·Ҫһĵ´˼һ㡣
ټϱ֮㲻Ƕ֣ĽĦţ۷ž֮󶯣ͬʱ֮͵̤Ҷ߰ɷԲ֮أ޴ӣ봦Լ֮Ҷ㡣
ҲѴǰ˫иӶ䣬ǺĻӰҶݺײ
Ҷ㻺ͷ¦һս֮ǰңȻǰȻߣԿȴǳ룬˵ɱ㡣һȴȫͬˣ
˲䣬ʥʥһʱɢǿһҶƤ֮еʥʱӾһŻʥд򿪣ʥ֮ʥ֮ڣɢɫĹâ
̧սʱ籮ħ֮һټʥʥʥԭʥƾ϶Ϊһս֮ϡ
սϣһʱϹһʥƲǾ޴ĵ˹⻪ȴǿĽĦؾҶȴӭĽʯ˳Ȼ
նƣ
УսʥƲӰնʥǿǰǴ㣬ֻǴĲԵޱȴ
ҶȴҲоԼĳѾ˼ޣٽȫչֻɱһǧ˰˰٣ԼҲҪܵ޴Ĵˡ
Ȼħ󷨱ԼĴʥڲȴûаڶʱڸԭǿˣڲԶʱпɱȴðա
Ȼ䣬ȴͻȻտԨʯǳɶѵʥ·ʯһ֮ʣտԨʯУȡʮöʥ·ʯֱѹɷۺʥ֮С
ʱʮöʥ·ʯȫʥ֮ʱɢҫ۵Ĺâӳ޴ޱȵʹҶһ֮ƣȫչ
â֮УЩʥ·ʯȫ𣬲һ˿һһ΢Լʵ壬ʥ֮ѹԼȫʹʥ֮ȫӡ
һնƵˮ׼ʱһµĳ̶ȣ
ֻһʱ촷ۣǺĻӰ˲ʧӰ٣
ֻһȫŤ˵âںˮ֮죬٣
ֻһǾ޴촦ǿֲľںˮжʧ
ֻһĽĦ㷢ֵĴУѪȾΧɷԲеĺˮ
ܣĽĦ淢־Ľ㲻ʿõ籮޻ӡҲܷӳֲֿ㡭ֱ¦ǻҪ£ôܣ
ÆˣΪҷڤ߹ذգգȡͷ
Ҷһ浶һ磬ĽĦݺݴȥ


286 
Ŵ˿ڴĿģѪӿֹĽĦϾһһ֮˼Ȼ𾪣ȴûоʧ롣
Ѿ֪ҶԼȫУֻ˱ᣬͼ
һҧȫޱش޾Уƥ˵ǿޱȵʱ˻˻֮ͭǽڣȻʱסҶսһ̡
ͬʱ޾͵תȥһ㶯ת۱ĽĦƹʧ
սϾǿǽʱѣҶǰռ֮ĽĦټ
Ƭ̺ȴҡҡͷ̾һ׷ϡ
Ϊʱ޾Էӳٶȣʵ̫ˣҶʾԼȫҲ޷׷ϡ
þձʱһɡҶתŸʵ۷ȥ
λ޹Ĵѳ޹ͼıȴµһԷڤ˵һ޴вĴɱҶ֮ģҶ˵ҲǱس֮С
ճþǿҶȻҪϣٳȥδһ󻼡
Ƭֱ֮Խһ˸ʵ۷Σδ˷пϮǴݵԽһʵ۷ǰ
ңЦʡ
Ҷ㣬⡣ʵ۷΢΢һָֻǺƽɫƺʲû뵽һ֮ȴλǿǱɾ塣
ȴҲôɱĸŨ˰ɣҶЦʡ
Ȼʵ۷ͷ֮Ҳ֮ʵʵ˵ҽԽԽòɱʵʳѰ
ҲȥҽֻҲҪʳѰҶ˵Աǰд似
Ҷ㣬Ϊ˲̫ſ񡣡ʵ۷΢΢һЦһǸոսʤ¦һʱǣȴûҳȥ¦ͬ¦սһֻδȫظɣ
̸Ц֮䣬ȴͻȻһ䣬ʱָ֮䣬һöзҶ˹ȥ

˲䣬ӻƿȴһƬޱߵĵ硣֮УȺ裬뺮棬£￪ѣҪС
ֻ֮Ȼͬ졣Ҷ΢΢ͷֻǧٱ仯ֻһ֮ҺΣ
սҫâֻһնǧʱΪޣմأ棬ȫڵ֮±䣬˲ɢǿķһƵΧָֻޱߴ󺣡
ҶֵЦԸʵ۷ߵɫȴɴ䡣
ôܳɳֵزһľ㵣סҶ㣬Ϊĳλ䶥ǿ߼ٰɣԻԼġ
ʵ۷ȫձǱ֮֡Ҷ˵ȫȴҲһɱ֮ļȻɶҡôɱ֮ģͬˣ
һз˿ʵ۷΢΢ҡͷϽ֮Ѿһףͬʱǧֱۣÿֻ϶һңңָҶ㡣
գұ㽫ɱڴˡ˵Īޱߴ󺣣ȴʺǿߵķĹ
⻰ô˶죿ҶȴЦˣһͷˣҲ¦˵⻰ҶĳԳУأ
ɱ¦ʵ۷Цǿáڤһɱ㣬ڤδϣˡ
ǧֱֻ趯Ŀѣǧֻͬʱſе׷׷ǰۼһ޴ս
𷨹֮㲻ѹˡʵ۷һָɫսŹâɶҶնȥǵԳ࣬·ս˷֮磬һҶѹ
˵ƯȴնޱȡҶҡͷķ𣬲ҪҲգ
˲䣬ʥٴս֮ϣһγǿֲĵơǵϢǰǾ޴ĽȴԵ˴С
ʲôʵ۷ɵʧȥƽģɴ۾
նƣһ֮УҶӵ𣬵ӹӭľ޴ɫսǽɫս㷢һ죬Ѹһͷһͣס
ǵںˮ֮УȴһѺۣڣѺ۴鵶һ춯з飬ɢ򺣵ס
һնҶ㲢ûʹʥ·ʯΪֻо֮ǿ𷽲ĽĦں֮عȴǲȴýնƵþ
һȴҲʵ۷Ϊ𾪣ɫ䡣
ӦҶȴѾǰսʥƣն
ôܵв㣿ʵ۷Գ֮ɫǧֱһ趯һεӭսĵƷȥ
һϵƣʱն÷飬ֻܻ赲ƣȴܽƾ
Ҷֳսƣȴʵ۷ԽԽʵ۷ϲð亹͵شһҶ㣬ȻǲţڤδϣҽվƴȫԶ⺣аɣ
˵ţͻȻһ֣ʱһöȭͷɫ顣
ǷһɢһϴٰĻϢδϢɢ͸һ潫Ҫĸоľս
ɷ飬ഫǶɹǧ֮ٵķ֮κҲĶ֣
ХУʵ۷͸⣬ָ߸߾ϣʱɢɫĹâʥ£΢ͬ
âһΧĺر仯Щˣȴ仯ǳģһıըȴԸǳ֮ɣţһſǳҲ涼ݣ·Ҫ
֮𣬱Ƿҽġ١ʱͷųģȻǡ١
ǿĺǿҶ㲻ɵͷԺȴ鷢ȴĽĦһ֮ϡ
ǰѳһҵĶȻаصֶΣ
Σ
ҶһĹâǹâӳڸʵ۷Уȴ鲻Խزһ¡
ôĿ⾹Ȼľҡʲôʲôķ
˵ѾңĿȻ⣿
ܣôǿҲڶʱڴﵽҵȵĵز
ʵ۷˸㣬ݷ֮ǰȴѾȻĽĦˡҶ۳ڣźһشȻδȴˡҲźݣˣ
ʲô
ʵ۷⻰ȴٶȶҡ
Ҷ㿴׼ľҡ͵սʥʥ֮˲Կռ֮տԨʯȡʮöʥ·ʯ֮Ϊ˵֮Уʥ֮ɡ
ɣ
һХһ⣬ҶԶһն˲Ѿ˸ʵ۷ǰ
ͬʱıըʱĺһ±㽫ޱ߻֮ն֧飬ǳĻʱɢӰ٣еıըҲ޺ۡ

գһ֮ƣȫնϣñڸʵ۷Ծֹʵ۷һȴҲʱӴſ³һѪ
ôܣ̲ס𣬡Ҷǿ飬ȻȴУ
ݻţˣ
ڴʱһһӰһɾ޴ĺмȴּ䣬ɺ۶ɵ޷ǵضҶΧС
ǲסҶ󣬱Ѹٵһ𣬻Ϊһλ޴˻ߣһȭҶȥ
ǧУֻһնƣ
Ҷ㳤Хһƴʮöʥ·ʯʹնơ
ƺӣ˲㽫˻ն


287 
ǿնƵƣʱ似ɱУֱӶնȥӦ٣æܣֻһѾҪ
Ҷ㣡
䱻ȴ⡣һƲӹұۣȴһ첲նѪ죬ٲܶʹ뾪֡ŭλŮƿڶ
ʵ۷֪ʱȫֻ֣¶˶Ҷ֣֮ʱϵ˹ȥסдʣзɳһöӣϣʱһֱ֮۰ΧƲѪҲֹס
ʵɲ⣬ŮΩʹǿͬԿ·ʵ۷˵
ôֵزţȫǾ
λ֮±仯Ī⣬δʹóıƣȴΪҶֵȴ׷ϾʹնƣԼҲʥӷ飬һʱãȴҲҪʱϢ
ŮתʵҶĳԩԶ޳ȴ֮ʵ۷һֱɱ֮ģ֮Ի˵أҲΪʥźΪ޹һչ񣬲˹ǣ֮
˼ˡޣȴҲ£ԵͷҶ㣬ڽ֮ǰȴʶ㣬ȻûɱɡֻҪ޻ӡңʱߡ
ŮҪмƣʵ۷ؽ
ǱǸˡҶ΢΢һЦ޻ӡѾ籮գȴ޷㡣
޻ӡѾ籮ɣѾ˵ҪȴҲѾ޷޻ӡ˵жҪҲõȴ֪Լưոˡ
Ҷ㣬ҽҪ˰κͻȻĺУţ͵̧ۣܶںˮпٵ趯ţɢУǣںлһֻ״
ƴ˲ҪλҲҪҧгݣͻȻһơ
ҶԼã֮żüͷһ䣬ʱһնȥ
ȴ˲ʧսһնҲֻնһƬˮ
ɡҶ㣬һЦʵ۷ȵؿֻЦԼҲоһëȻ
Ů˷˲ɣҪʲô̲ס²⣬²ȴомΣշ
ʱˮҵضһĺۿɼ̬ƶȻںƴһȾ޴Żһֻˮ۳ɵľƻŻƿţһųӣж
һƤǦ֮ɫͷ޷ֻ״ִĽ׳ޱȣɢһ߶ߵϢϢȣĽĦҲãʵ۷ҲãֻҲãμ穡
һҶоһɾ޴Σգ·ܵ˼в
С˳ֻ֮ɨҶ͸ʵ۷һۣ㽫ĿͶϵʱв͸׹⡣˭㣿
ʣǰ˵Ļ㲻ؽš
Ȼӻͷ
ãһָҶ㣬½Ҷ㣬½ϵһǿڤҵĻʹҵ޻ӡҪɱңɱΪұұӦӣ˵۹Ҳ㣬İͼ
棿͸˷ܵĹ⡣
棡صͷҧгݡ
áЦתҶ㡣½ˣҶ㣿
Ҷͷ֮лɱޣȴλŮĲ³ûߣһ·׷٣ŷҵĳı£Ž
ҲôࡣӴҶĻһָԼȻϵңҸһңв֮ΩһڰʮʣգҪҵ£Ϊ͸ӵҪҶԼԹɱһȫʬ
ҪʬΣš
Ǿû취ˡʶҶ㣬ɭµЦ֮ҿɲҲӣǾͽ˺Ƭι֮е԰ɡ
ôҶһ
˵ȴԼоλȷʵʵ˵ģ˵δκηʹЩµĺŻ֣ʵ۷ĽĦˣȫһ
ĵܲӿҲܿɹۣɫʥ֮ɣʴҶ㣬ͷõʥߴԴʥлˣžУѾ޵ǰɣҸ㣬ˡ
˵ţ̧ʱˮҶһɫ˻Ҷ㣬һơ
ǰɫ˻͵һ䣬һˣֱӳƺҶ
ƣУҶ㽫սת磬ֱȡʮöʥ·ʯ뵶ƣնƵӵޣһӭŰնȥ
ײһʹΧĺ緢˾޴ı仯ĺͻȻĺͻȻ𣬿ռһƬôĿռ䷨ҲûռĽṹ˶ɡ
ˮ˷֮Уͦض˿Ӱ죬ֻǼӶۿҪˮߣ΢΢һߣ§ڻ
ʵ۷ȴûִУֱӱ޴ĺײԶԶƮζȥתۼͲӰ
Ҷ౻ţһ·ɵԶЩͬһֻֻּϣҪ˺飬޻ӡ֮ս͵һսȴƿ
ȻҶԿֵ塣ʿҶ㣬΢Цͷ
Ƿݴ򶨣ר޵ǿߵı顣Ҷ㿴ֱ飬³
ʵǿӦ¦֮ϣȴĶ֡
ұɱʵ۷ϣȴ㡣֮ջȻǾ޴ޱȣûҪʾˡ
ԶʣҶ΢΢һЦ˹֣ʹȻպҶлᶨȻҪֽ̹򣬽ȴȸˣ
սһ֮ʣѾʹ޶ݷ˲Զȥ
ߣ΢΢ҡͷôˣСܹԹԸ붴
˵ţĿͻȻһ䣬֮䣬еĺʱ˾޴ŻһֻƾŻƿ§͵ؽС
˲Ϣ֮䣬Żǰгʮ͵һƣǰˮռֳһŻһƿһתͷ㿴Ҷ㡣
ȴǺܵҶǰ
ߵ𣿡һЦ
Ҷ͵סݷĿʣ쳣ƽиûа־塣
ʣǲԩûҪಫҶ㿴˿ֿ˿ʣ
ȻʵͷûСں֮ʱ½˾ȻҵĹҲͽɱˣȴʲôԩ𡣡
ô˵ƴˣҶЦ
Ȼ㡣˵ǿ̫߿Լˡ½ˣ֮Уսʤǿߵġ
Ǿ԰ɡҶ㿴ʣ΢΢ͷս
ս籮ħʥ߻ʥ䡢ʥ壬ٵںһսϸֳʥʥ֮УʥŻ󿪣һʥ󽭴Ӱ㱼ӿ룬ս
޴ѹս𶯣Ҷ
ҪƴһЦˡðҾ㳹İɡ
⻰ȴ΢΢üŤͷȥۣƺٿʡ
ʱʵͻȻ仯εһһֻֽţֲľ޴㣬ſʮݵľ죬͵طһ
˲䣬ʮȫصҶȥһİɫˮ֮𣬽Χĺöݡ
ʱдں֮ϣʱԼһƬ֮ϣѾӿˣУ


288 ƴ
ʮݣޱ߰ˣ϶ΪһҶƺƵ
ֱӽӴֻǸӦҶ֪Լ֮С
ֻܽʥ֮ҾǷ̶ֳȵʥ֮
ãǾƴˣ
ҶоϧտԨʯֱȡöʥ·ʯһ½֮ɳȫۼս֮ϣΪʥƾ
ƾʥϵؾۼЩʯ֮ϡЩʯһմʥ֮ʱһĹâȴʥ֮ںһ𣬳Ϊֲľ
ÿһöʥ·ʯгʿ̶ȵؼ伫Ϊѵõ
û֪¦εõʥ·ʯģ£κȴ֪ԼȥѰôֻһһ
ʯȴҶʹã¦û֪˴ºҲҪ
ҶҲ֪Լʹʥ·ʯʵǱʱأȴҲ˲ˡ
öʥ·ʯȫͷţȴԳǿʥ֮ҶĿ֮ս֮ϣն֮УΧĺˮʱ֮ݣͬըһԶȥȴΧһƬˮش
һʱհ͵ӭݾնȥ
ײΧĿռʱ׷ױѣռѺӣˮȻըغˮϷĺϣһ޴ͻȻγɣڿת֮УһˮгֱϾ
޴֮£ʵɫһ䣬ٻֱۣһĺסΣͬʱһһԶ
˾֮ڼ֮Уɫ΢䣬
ʣѵҲɱĿɿڴֻеһȻС㲻ɱҲ֮ǰŵԣ
ġ΢΢ü뿪ҵҲɨأΡ
˵䣬ȴһ⼲Ӷһҫޱ߹â·ķȫУˮ˲ͽû
ãǿߣȻҲһ
˲䣬ȴһһʱʧȴǱһռ䷨֮С
ʱΣ糱ˮӿҲ͸һĹâѸֻ˷ľ֮Σ͵ſ죬һ
𣬻һ裬ӭŵȥвִ٣һȴ׷׽նơ
һ½ˣʷŭУ仯ȫʧȫһֻ裬һ³һˣ뵶
Уһٿٿŵ⣬ڣڰ˷ʮ󣬵űȫ
ʱٿʣȴ۾ҲѪɫݺҧԱž֮Σŭ𣺡½Ҷ㣬Ҽסˣ֮Ҽ£ӣȡ
УʱŤߣӷ׵ںһˣתʧ
ңԶһˮ֮УҶֵ
նƣʻˣԼȴҲܵӰ졣һʹöʥ·ʯǾ޴ʥѹѾܲסһֻƴ˸൱Ȼٳڶ
һȴǧöʥ·ʯ
κһ֪ᴷض㣬Ҷӻ޶ȡ
ʥ·ʯҲĶԵļֵǧöʥ·ʯĹЧɲǿߣҲˣòӶȥ
ҶǴӦʵĶ򣬵֪ԷѾԶԶߺ󣬲һ
ޱ˵أƴţ籮нһ˳ֻüһ䣬˱ȥ
磡ޱŴУһ˹ȥӿ֮ʣȴǷȫҶ㡣
ҽΣܾ޴ѹˣ֮Ҳûа취
ޱסҶ㣬ޱȣһʱңѩɵϣҶүû֮ǣ㲻õġ֮ƣȴҪ뿪ʵǿüֱ˼ֻеĵһ֡ǱҶүһ֮ˣֻ׷ɱʱ˵ͶҪڴˡ
ߣޱһͷҶ㣬ʱԶȥ
ﵽϣһ峤ȴԵǡ
һȻǿһ㣬سɴ磬ôҲٶĪͿ˵ֻһ֧Ŷã
һͷͬʱ˴һȴγһǿ壬ͬźȥˮչ֮ںϷɱС
ѩӰʼոޱߣеҶ㣬ǽޱοͬʱҲǰοԼ
һ·УȴδκΣգ󺣹ûҶٶȣȴǷѡ
˽淢ʹںϱУ֪ȴѾȥʮʱ䡣һϣ˶еƣߣ֧֣ʱҶȴ۾
磡ޱϲˣ
ѩӰʱչͷҶӡ
Ѿ˶ãҶһԶʣͬʱָѩӰʾο
ʮˡѩһԽӿڵ
աҶ㿴ܣֻʱĦҶʹô֮ںϱУʱǽ淢ҹͣرУһͷλˡ
±áĦҶһЦǵĹǣڣǱ˭Ҳ¡ˣǿһ
ֻҶүǶϢǡĦһ˵˲ɣҲա
ʵǿ󡣡Ҷ˵½֮ϣȴδǿĴڣļ¡ճ޷ӾֻںˡһգҲûбĺô
ôһ˻кô
Ƶðӳʥ֮ޱѹȴҲҵǱٴαҶ㵭һЦȻڵȴڷڡķڣʹʱλҿҪ
˵ţͻȻһԾ𣬶ڴ롣
͸һ⣬ϵħӿţΪһͻȻֱϾ
ˣ㵵һľɴס
⡭ҲǾޱȣ˭Ҳ벻Ҷ֮ȻֱӾһס
ޱȴǻϲýðʵߣЩһˣ
ʱҶ㣬ȴһ·ҲһСϴνʱһǿԭҰ֮УڵըƬЩںһγµ塣
һȴһβͬҶظӦԼڿռһһ㡣ԼɢռԭҰÿһطͬʱҲ쵽棬ռÿһ䡣
ȴȥ·ķӳΪһ塣
ȴԼ֫죻ķԶȴǼָľ롣
ֻҪԼҪǶԶĵطƬ֮ʱΪռľ벻һ۷Ʒ˵۷ռ䲻ǿռѡ
ǻ֮ԿԻȴҪΪ֮޷롣֮˿ֺγţ
ǻź磬֮һ۱ָɴ
˿ռǿߣǻ֮ˣĿռ䣬ȴǻ
ԣ
Ҷظпȫ˽˿ռ֮ռ֮֮
̲סһ
ǻУһڽʧϸģȴѾǿߵϢ
ȴһ۵ľˡ
΢΢һЦּ䣬ռһڻ籮͵һʱʧ


289 һԳ
ȥҶȻпƿռ֮ȴ籮Ӱ죬ԼĴﵽֵزȴȫͬˣףȻΪеһԱ仯
˵֮ǰڿռĿƣֻǡáȴѾǡҡˡ
ټ籮޻ӡռ䷨Ҷ绢Ȼֻףʹÿռƶ֮ʣٶȴѾԽ߽ף߼ߡ
ĺ·Ҳֻһζݵọ́ʹ޶ݷʱƵ磬ӹޱߴ󺣣ʱѾǧĺ·ص½֮ϡ
ʹ졣˳ݷڴ֮ϣһ籮˳
λ˵ڿʥźп֮УĽĦ͸ʵ۷˹ȣŮӴΪ£֪ȻԽԽã£Ҫǽһ֮
˷׷׵ͷ
ȴɡﻢԥ˵ʱһģǣмΣա
ˣҲλ顣Ҷ˵λкδ㣿
㿴ңҿ㣬ջޱȿ˿ڣ磬ҿҲûʲô⣬ʲô˵˰ɡ
˼æͷ
ȷʵҶ˵ΪȻѾһףĿǰûʤʵİաʥź֮УҪѰҲףһþӺУӦͽ֮õˡҵã¼ǿ߷׷ȥ뺣󣬵ȹ̺󷽵Ļᡣ
Ħúѩɣȴǰһɼ
Ҷү˼ǡĦ̲סʡ
ȶЩ˵ĺ·Ҷ˵ʵȴѾǣǱɴཫǵƷʹǳΪ¼ҹˡʱǵʥźֻһˣҲƲ෴λҪԸȴѡ
ãĦɼսȭͷҶһ񡣡ҶүһƴȨ޹󽫳ΪҶүԶѡֵܣ
ȻĦҶŵͷɫֻӦûãҪͬųɣѾϰǰֻʻӣ¡
ˡҶ㲻ˡҶһЦǵĸʽӣȨȫһɣι޷ľȴǲҪҲաĦ£ƾΪ޻ʵۣΣ
⡭ĦɾˣĦҶȴȷӦæԥʲôлҶү
лҶүȫĦŻæҶʩ
Ҷֻһ֣Ц
һ֮䣬һҶʵ
Ƕǿߵ
˿ŴʱҶ㣬ж֮顣ʱǰҶ㲻ǸɬСӣҪ֧֣ڷڤڶȴѾ֮ˣ㶯һֱһƮҡ
п֮࣬ȴҲԼǸˣҶѡ
ӶȨ£̲֮ģȴȻаҶ˵˽ɣȴʺλ̡£ҿѪΪµĻ̰ɡ
һĪͿȴּ첻֪˵ʲôá
ֻһ䣬Ѫ̵ĵλ㶸ȻһԾ֮ףҪȺȼˡ
ȻĦʱӦ죬æͷĪͿƽҲõѣȴֵβˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷˣǱȵ޹ʵۣƽ̣ƽںȥԪӦĽĦһ壬λعѩ壬Σ
лҶүѩȴĦƽӹȻҲǼȴнڣҶ㹧һ񣬵⣺ԪӦضΪҶүֵ֮ԴӣҶүǲ޶ΪԪӦڤƳڤƽ
ҡҲˣĦѩⷬ׹æҲҶ̬ѩɵĻظһ顣
Ҷֻ΢Ц
ĦȻǸбµˣ˵ηڤҶȴϲͬ⡣޹滻һ۲ŴԵˣֻ¶ԷڤкĦչдȨȴڷڤ
֮ľҲױڤơ
ԪӦ޲ͬ޹ݺǧԪӦȴֻǧȻϿƺò࣬ԪӦжǲݳ˸صг֮⣬и߲ܽý⣬ڲԾ֮УΪǨƶҲʶһԷڤȴв
˵෴һʶ֡ԶǵͳΣƣڤһ̣ǿķڤԡ
ƹҲԸڤƳﻢǼʱ̬
áҶ˵Դ˷ڤޡԪӦĹΪԶѣͬˣ˴˷ֲ
ǣһ˵ͷǡ
ޱҶ㣬ϲ͡뵱Ҷ㲻ǸвĽ㣬ȴѾǶһűһΪ֮һ㡣
ˣǱȥ޹Ҷ㵱籮֮УֻĦָ·ʹ޶ݷ˲Ϣ뿪˺޸ضȥһʱ󣬱ѾԽǧ޽̳ǡ
Ҷ޿ռڵ棬ĦҶĪͿ򻽳ȴˣһ·޻ʹǰŵʿʱһĦĦҶʱ¡
·֮£Ҷһ·˻ʹԺ̲Ħ㣬ȴܵʵѣһ·ȳ⣬ǿ˻ʵ۵ĺ֮С
һǰδУ֮ԵƮŮӽЦ֮Ҷ㲻΢΢üĦȴɫ΢졣
ҶүԴȨ֮󣬱㡭ɫҲû취ĦҶšҲһŽⷳǵİ취ɡ
ڤлȨҲ仳֣֮һȴһضȨڤһƬҶ˵·ߣΪǵĸȴѾɾҩǷģַζԴϻʣȴĦϵļ£ҲԤ
лҶүĦҶһ
ҶҲ̬ΣϻʶĸףʧٲѪܸϣȴҶϻ̫ʧʹùֶΡ
һ˴󲽶룬ȴʱ⵽ʿһλüĦ£幫ô˲أ˱޵κ𣿡
ʲôĦ۷ž⣬ŭһҹ
㡭һ漴ŭ٣
ΣĦҶһǰ̵ƣƽЩӹѾãȴˣ
˵ţڣһ֡
ӿУһҹ֮˲ֱӽҳһ࣬ȴҽҲûüͻ⡣
һʿɴ󾪣æεǿ߲ԪһԼ˵в
Ħʱ˷ĻᣬĿ䣬ǿųǿߵѹѾȫʧȥ˵ֿ֮б׹䣬Ӵսڵء
˵Ķǣձǡ̵ǸƣʱҪ߽ˣĦ˵ţŵڶȥ
ҶҲ˵ֻǱ˫֣˽ȥ
һ棬ֻʮűɴİŮӣȴڵ裬ңаĦҶ֮ɫһ졣
ϣһλŻۣЦݣӵұѾԻһֻ̽ŮУ
ˣĦҶһۺ󣬱ӿޱһȣôζȺʧɫ˵һء


290 齣
Ҷ
֮ϵϻ΢΢һ漴ü
ܵ޵޹ʲôȣӡ
ʡĦʩ񣬡Ҫһ¡׼̶ΪаѪΪ̡ӴջػȨʹĦ޹
˵ʲôϻȻӣС
˵һ飿תüŭ
ʣѾ壬ֺαҪ˵Ħ׶
ʡĦҶǰһҶ㡣λǷڤƽԪҶҶү
ڤүϻ΢漴Ƕŭڤүңݽ飬ϳݼôҾֱҵ޹Ƿڤ˲޻ҷҶҲ˲ɣ
ҶĿϻʣһ
ʣĦҶתʵ۷ѳֳ޴ȨŭԹҶүѾʵ۷ˣֻʶӣ̵Ĵס֣ҲѱҶүɱȴѹĦˣ
㣡ϻʾ㵵Ҷ㣬ȴһҲ˵
¡Ҷ㵭һЦѾˣδȴ˵ģλóӰɡұ֤ڤ޽ã޹ĵλֻӹ̣ᶯҡȻں֮Уٻ󡣡
㡭ǡϻվŭӿУӿ
ȴҲǳ֮
ҶĿϱЦݣǺƵ纣ǿϢȴ糱ӿôеҡΣվȣһˤϡ
ϻɫһʱҰޱȣһƨɵϡ
Ҷ֧֮£ĦĦҶöˣԷ֮ƺɨʹڲ빬еˣ׽һɨ˸ɾ
ӹھ֮࣬ȴҲΪҶǿ𺳡ҲһѪգڻȨ֮£ȴҲв֮顣̼𣬶ĦضȨ˵ȴҲһ¡
Ȼев˶Ħλв죬Ʊǿǵ书ĦǼƻǿĦȴûҶһλǿܡ
дվڱǰһͷκҲùԹԵʩ񣬽һꡱ
οĦҲǻʵĳ׸֣ǵֵܡ
ˣкβ֮
ʹһⳡ籩ʱ漰ǡֻһʱ䣬־Ŵɨǣ̵ȫɨĦµ۵䷢ͨȫ˸ʵ۷̵İٶ״ʼȫϴĻ
ȻҶ֮֡ıŻдȻ˹֮ޣаޱȣ
һʱ䣬ȫ½൳ķ籩ƺƵЩԭλص̽ڣʱȴһɥ֮Ȯ֮󣬻̻̲ա
ĪͿѪ̱ΪµĻ̣ȻҲҪΪȫ£뵽ж֮Сǵ̵֪λһ·һȴϲޱȣ˷֮ȴȫЭٸ
Щ£Ҷȴ룬ֻڻʹһƫ֮оϢ֮з֮
Ǿ޴ʬҶ󷽵ȫᣬǾ齣ȻعҶС˽Ȼչֳ籮޻ӡƴ󣬵ȴҲһϹ֮ҶܾǷ˱㿪ʼĥ
齣еĿռȴ籮޻ӡвͬҶֻеĿռޱȣ·һûаͷȴ塣ԽˣȴԽȤһƪɬѶһ㣬ĥ͸ˣб㲻ʹ졣
ֻ⽣ĥ˼еȴ˭ҲҴţޱѩӰҲԶԶرֻܿġ
ȫ֮£ȴջ
֣֡Ҷڳ齣
˽ڲṹѾ壬Ϊȴʼղʹնƿռ䣬תĹأҶͻȻһ
Ѳɴ˽ֻʹ
˼֮䣬æޱڵ͵͵ޱʱ˽
磬ʲô£
ʹô˽Ҷ㽫ݸޱԼĥʹĵýޱޱסͷԽ齣У͵صһӡ
ʱһռѺ۱ֿУʱޱУתۼ䣬ޱѾڴһϡ
ûʲôʲôѵġޱһնռѺۣ䣬ֳҶߡͦõġ
ˡҶ΢΢üӹ齣СΪҲʹã޷أ
ǲǺ͡ޱ˿ң˵ħĲͬйأ
㷽ſɸӦпռĽṹҶһѿڶʡ
šޱͷؾأԡ
ˣҶ㲻ɸ̾ҸӦпռȴޱȣ˼ʱ䳤ʱռнṹȴ޷
˵ţȴ˼κޱн˹
˿˿ħ뽣УģȴҵĿռҶͷȴپжҡ
ͷûôʹǳɹ
˼֮£Ҷǰȴһ
һζֻ˳ı仯˼ֻĽṹȡᣬôȴΪۡմ˽ΪʹֲͷֻҪ֮ҹڹɣ
ĿһУħٲֻ˿˿Сĵؽ룬ˮһС
ˮħ˾齣У佣ԭṹʱеĿռҵصһһͬ黯ΪޣлһƬ·س֮ʱһ㡣
ʱҶԼȴӦ˾齣һռ䡣ǿռ֮Уһпռţޱһ㡣ֻҶֻܸӦǿռ䣬ȴ޷롣
ƿ
ĿһħǻǵĿռ磬һײ˹ȥռݺײһʱȻ죬ħŻǿռǱ֧ŵĿռ֮УռΪһʱǣ󽥽гĿռ䣬ңǹ
ˣ
Ҷվ齣дһ˿
ˣޱʡ
Ҷ͸ϲɫˡħΪ񣬶ǹ֮һ񡯴ħδƣδΪħһĲͬ֡ħȴ֮٣
ʲôޱһȣҲ벻Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵һ
ĥ齣÷ôͻȻ˵ˣ
齣еܣѾˣȴָһ¡Ҷޱ֣һЦ֪𣬾齣ԭռ䣬һռħ֧ţһռȴ֧š
£ޱȻ
ǰҶͷΪûκħעУħ֧ŵŻÿռңߡҽþ޴ħУȴǿռ»֧ŵںϣγľ齣ռ䡣ޱ˵ʲô
˵Ϲ֮ʱ֮ǰħԭжԡޱҲǱˣʱͨе򲻻ͬʱķ
Ҷͷǰʥħ֮ħϾķ޷ˡ룬ۼδʥˣ᲻ҲΪϾħٲƽ⣿
пܣޱ֣صص˵ͷ˵ȴʥˡ
ˣۼǲŻ˥΢Ҷ˵ҲΪʶԼˣҲ׽⿪Ϸӡͷħ֮Ҳʥ˼ҲΪ˼ָħ֮ʹۼ³Ϊ֮ǰӰɡ
ҾͲˡޱһЦž齣磬ھ齣кˣ
ҷѾҪһ¡Ҷ˵ţ֡


291 Ż
齣һӣʱһ޴ѺۣѺһûȴȫʧϸȥֿܷһĺۼ
Ǿ齣֮ˡޱͷ
ֻҶ˵ţԶȥһǺһӽնһռѺۡ
ޱһѺָۡԼնǵռѺ˵
ޱУһ֮ʧȴһѺ۴ͻȻ֡
棡ޱһ½ǰõӦþǴ˷ˣ
ֻǱҶЦЦѾ֣齣ǴʱġͨǴġŻ
Żޱ⡣
ˡҶ̧齣͵ػӶڿлһѺۡҶ㲢֣ͣӽȴնѺۡЩѺ֮£ȴһŻ󣬵һ̶̽ŻʱǵѺʱų⻪ռ֮£ȴγһ֮Ż
찡ޱɾ̾Żȴͨηأ
һ˷Ż֮ءҶŵ˵
ô˵ޱһľϲǿô˽ͨϵرֻһͨŻ˲Խǧңң;
ˡҶһЦὣŻһ㣬Ż㽥˹âڿУȴԵѺɵŻ״
ޱ˹ȥƣȴִʵĸоֻη޷ƿ
ԿޱĺضҶ㿴
ҲáҶͷ첽һߣԾ齣һŻâʧһơ
Żʱ򿪣ҶУɲǼ䣬ޱߵŻͱƿȴҶ߳
ޱǲƮεĺǣؼҵĻ̾ͻˡ
ҲɡҶҡͷֿռ֮ڵģ˶Ϊô¼ͻͨǼеšǱЩţǼأ
ǿɲˡޱһͷ齣Ҳʹð
ǡҶ˵ֻԼɿ֮ͨеŻ
ŻҲܽڼСޱ˵ֻҪҲԶİȫطͺˡ
ҲѧСˡҶЦ
ͨŻѳɣȴٲáҶ룬ҵĦ齣֮Ч˵ĦҶһطԼŻáȻˣΪһǽ޹ѣҶʱԿٸҲŻѸӵҶ㴦ѡ
֮һŻȴ趨˻ʹԺ֮еһУŻ֮Ħʱɳĸرش˵أνһʧ
ּպ޹ھƻȶ̵Ĵסּλ⣬ҪصĹأӢһʱɨһգټ̣ɢڡ
ֲѣסΪ޹ȨѪɳĸԱǱ볯Уɴҵ˶Ѫ֮һ棬ȴѾλáѾּΪа̣Ѷʵ۷ٻҲ޷꣬ˡ
Ϊʱݲˣһ˾ɱ˹Ҳ޷˳ֻ·ǿߵַʱȺ۲ҳһţ͸ʵ۷
ǿߣҲܵ񡣾ܻģҲֻа޷ͳķ
޹ھƻѾȶҶƹȥĦĸʵ۷ˣּ֮Ҳ֪ںδȴĦҶҶȥҶĵģӦΣѣֻѹǵռŻԼľ齣һյ󣬱̻Ԯ
ΪʹŷĦɳ˹ڵҪ޹ҶСݳȻȫԴ޹ʹ޹ڤƳԸ
ǱĦãҶ޶ݷݶȥ˽ƹС
صƹﻢʱü֮˽°ݼ񡣲ȴҶǰؽҶ˻ʳ֮С֮ǰҶʱͬΣȴǽԳӭԼ¡صʽӭҶĵй硣
ﻢʾ£ڹҶͬʱּٸޡԪӦˣͬڤƳ֮á
ﻢ£ڵ۶֮ɽѡһ֮Ҷ㽨˿ռŻڱɳرｨһҪزػռŻνһʧ
֮ѧ޹ӣҲĴɳҶУԪӦȥ
һ˺ܿԪӦһƬƬޱߵĲݳѩȴɸп
һƬòԭ֮£ȴҪعѩϵĻˣ
תҶ㣬һ֣ȴҶүˡԪӦޡƶͬ嶼ģȴǿѹѩвһлҶү
ġҶͷ˵Ҳ̻ȥбһصҵĵ̣ȽռŻ֮ͿԴľӡһڤʥϣӣһѩضȨ
ƽԪѩɼæΪ񣬴ԪӦǿߣǹʩ
Ҷصѩｨ˿ռŻ󣬴ޱѩӰԼޡĴ࣬һͬٶȥ
һ·ϣԪأҶڳƿնʱһ󾪻š
ޱѩӰͻȻŻˣҲĳ˾ˣʿĿɿڴΪԼۻΣתۿҶȴһ¶ɫʱݵһء
ݼƽԪǧǧǧ꣡
ǻ֮ģ˲Ϊ֮𺳣Ҷ㣬ͷҶ㣬ȻǸ˲õҿóʿİݷˣƽԪͷΡ
ҶֻһЦ˵ʲô
ʱΤһҴҶһҶ㣬ϲɫͷݣţĩμүǧǧǧ꣡
ѣαˣҶ΢Цһ֣һǿĿռ֮ȴ޷֮ɶΪ𺳡
үȴǰֽٰЦ˵
һЦȴһ̲סΤͺˣˡ
ˣĳֶ𾪡Ҫ֪ޣֻ֮Уʵеķܵü
Ȼ𾪵òˡ
ͬʱҶľȴˡΪ˭óȫΨҶհ
Ȼޱ޵˵Ľչǿɽһǧ
ҶһЦš
ôǿˣޱ˵Ѿǳףǧ·̲ʱܷԽ˵㡮һǧ˵ء
㷽˵ǽչֲٶȡҶһЦ
ףλԪصǿ߲ɶԲ۾
һ㱨һ£Ҳڼпд·Ҷתǣ΢Цʡ
ûûʲôȷӦæԪӦǱȻҲоɱСɲӣ벫һѵǿƵģȻ׼ˡʣµģͶԼ˵Ľˡ
ôҽΣҶʡ
ɴˣһ˷ǵ˵ɡ
Ҷͷ˧֮У˵
ԭ֮ǰҶ㽫ض֮£Ҷ֮ͥ˺˱ҶͥĴ˰šҶϵˣԪء븣ضֵ֮أһǱסҶһ棬ƽᣬʹҶһϵ˽ʥͻƵĻᡣ
һŬ֮£չȴԣЧ͡ӡŦ䣬ѾҾ缫ṇ̀СŮҲѾﵽƾ۷壬ʱͻƵĿܣҶͥȴͻ˼ޣﵽ˳ס
ƺ¥棬ɭҲ˵ضĻᣬҲеõͻƣҲǳһ׵ˡ
һнҶϲѡ
áصͷ֮ϵȴҪǿʹܵõĺô׳ǵ


292 ׵
Ҷ졢ɡΤ֮Ԫ˿ռŻ󣬱뿪Ԫأϡ
ʱϣͰӶڣҶ㵽һϲǾ޴ҲãҲã𾪲ѡ
Ҷ˽һ¿ϵ󣬽ִ˵һ飬ֻŶˣѰһ֮ؽ˿ռŻ֮һ·Żƺ¥ȥ
ƺ¥Ȼָɭ˴ϲ֪Ҷף޻ʵۣˣյޣ˶Ⱥ鼤׻ƺ¥λøڣλһ·ֱϣΪڤһָտɴ
ɭЦԣҺҪӽŬˣȻϣ䲻Ůˡ
ҶȻڻƺ¥н˿ռŻ뿪ֱŸضȥ
Ǵɽ֮УҶͥЧ͡ŦСˡ
˼棬Ȼһȣ֪Ҷջ־ϲ˷ܵòˡ
磬Ҷþ齣ҪʹãڿȴҪбһʱˡҶЦԡ
ƥҶͥһЦڵʵȴܱо齣죬
λɱ¦ջ˲ʥ·ʯҶһ˵һȡʥ·ʯҶͥȻضʥأٶһЩҲûʲôáЩʥ·ʯӽ
һ˷׷׵ͷ
ҽڵ۶нͨصĿռŻȴҰءҶ˵Сһص۶ɣ˵۶򣬰Ż
ҲáҶͥ˵Ҿô˵عأǲӦõоش˴ǳеĸ֣಻ˡ
áҶͷռŻŻú󣬱ڸؼӣʱȻᰲźá
ΪβŻԼĵϣЧʹʱʡ
˼ãûڵ۶ΪҶţŻϵش󣬸Żͨ˴ɴأһб䣬ȴ˷ɱ룬۶֮иƣȫǾȴء
ҶͥһЦʱе˳ŻǱ룬Ҳǵĸ
ˣʱȻе۶ԸǡЧҲͷЦȴǲˡ
ڸض츽Ѱһɽȣ˿ռŻҶгú۶֮УҶȴδһ籮󣬶һ˻ص֮С
ĻظȴˣڸլｨͨصĿռŻֻ˹ܼңԸլΪأκ˲룬ͬʱһУСŮƹܣܼҲҪ
ܼȻҲӣæͷӦ
֮Ҷʹ֮С
һ·ʹ޶ݷӦ¦Ϣܿ鷿֮ڣһ㽫¦һȿ󣬲ɾ㣿ô
Ҷ㵭һЦһ񣺡μ¡
˿¦ĳɣȴæҶڿ¡
ȴ̲סʣ㣬ҸӦϢȴֱ治ʵΡ㷽žϢ룬ʹ˿ռݷȴôһҲӦ
ΪѽףǳףԸӦʵǳҶ㵭һЦ
Ѿһ۱ܿ͸¦ʵˡ׵ǿߣ㲻óеĶ֣ΪմȨĻʵۣҲѹһ
ף¦಻ɷһٿҶʱĿȴķ˱仯
ȴ޷񵱳һҶˡҶ󱲣ǾӢ£ǫӣȴһλԶʤԼľ֡
ĸֻ֣ԶлȨ֮գȴѾǸơ
֪ʱҶ㣬Ѿ¦ֱӶԿˣȫӰ쵽ڤڴ֡
ϲɺأϲɺأͷ
ʥϣ޹⺣ĻԴϣҲ¦ǡҶ˵ĸ־ּսȴ¶ʵʱҿ͸ĽĦ桢ʵ۷˾ͽɡ¦ϸ켫ˣ֪ʵס
ţһֱ֮£¦˵һ飬¦ľ겻ѡ
˵Ҷ㾹Ȼһ֮޹¦಻ɾֱվ
˵ʲôһ𾪣㡭㾹Ȼ̣޹
ǡҶ㻺ͷ޹ӼλҽΪѣҴӦҷڤƳ
ʲôʲô¦Ŵ죬ٺϲ£
ֹǡҶ˵ƹҲѾҽˣӦڤƳԪӦ棬ĽĦԶݣΪѩҽˣӦҹضλҲҷڤƳ
湦湦¦಻ɼشȴĻ¹ŵǼæ˽
ȥȥ¦һ֣Ǹ˳ȥҶ㣬ȴδЦ
ҷڤ˥΢Ѿãʵ벻۷һ죡ЦСҶ㰡Ҷ㣬ûп㣬ҷڤϣ֮ǣҷڤĶ֮ŰҪлźã
ȴˡҶ㵭һЦ
۵λѾǷڤ۲ӵǸɵй˼Գǳ֮͢ȣҲǿ١
ʲô
һ󣬲̩֡Ͽҵ¦˵
¦࿴þòƽ
֮ͻȻ̾һ㣬ڤ֮ҲҪˡ
ʥˡҶ΢΢ҡͷ޹ƹѾɴǰϿռ䷨֮ڣʥǷҪ
Ȼ¦༱æͷȵȵȣҲܾôҪ׼һ
ءҶҡͷȻѾˣʥϵȨѾȶ̣¦ʼջǴ󻼡ʥϱ㻹Ҫ͵¡
⻰ȴһʱˡ¦༱æͷôһܼɡ
֮ǰȴһʡҶ˵
£¦ʡ
֮¡Ҷ˵
ô֪£¦һ
£ȴѲˡҶҡҡͷ¦Ǵ˴θðգ뿪۶ȥʥźΪľմá
Ҫעһ˰¦ҡͷ̾˵һܣҲǷڤֻ֮Ǵ˱ȴ
ף಻Ҷ㲻Ȼ
ǡ¦εһЦҲױѹˡ¦ҸȱӢ飬ֻ¦ʹãǿȴмǿҪǿ̶ֳȣҲ֪ǿȻԡ
ˣʥȴҪʱ̷¦ɱӶˡҶ㲻޵ǵ˵
Ѿرشá¦˵
ǱáҶͷԪӦ棬Ҫʥּҵ߹رѩضλңһмҪأҪء
ⶼ⡣¦һͷҪٱҪδ˵㡣
뿪Ц˵һ䣺ʥּôдҲ
ӶЦ˴ղ
ʥϣڵ۶֮УռŻҶ˵ЩŻֱͨޡƣԼ¸أǿϮ֮ʣɽŻ֮ͨһʥϸŻʱޡͨѹ¦
Щ£Ͷɡ¦൹Ҳרŵһ֧Ӹ㣬סŻ֮رǡ
ȴ֮СҶһЦֻŻһȴҪʥ鷳ˡ
鷳¦ҲЦˡеñʧͨķŻȴҲĺô


293 ԪӦ
¦֮Ҷ籮ռУĴ˳˫ȻһǣƣȴҲһдӼ
Ҷ㽫˽¦󣬱ʥּȥһ·ص֮УÿռŻ׵ػص޹
޹˼籮ռ䰲ãֵƹһ־ӣҶŻص߹أƾ¦ʥּ˴ӣȫװ籮ռ֮Уֱѩҵѩɡ
һж׵ҶһЦһʮȫ籮ռ֮УƬ̼ɱɱ
һҶүѩϲáԪӦУҲֻϸƴĴеϺǾϣΪǣƾѩϵԳ𡣡
ôұʱ֧ӵָȨѩɡҶ˵
ҡѩȴæ֡Ǿ֮ˣǸҶһڣȴƫˣֻΪҶǳܾ̽
ֻӦ֮Ҷү˵һлҪҶүָӡ΢Ц˵
ҲáҶȴʱ³˼Ϊʡպ˶㷲ɴҲǿ󣬶ԼЩ۾Ͱˡ
ѩָ֮£Ҷܿ콫ԪӦԲ׵һ׼ѩɱʱˣԼ徫ӢװͨڣԪӦ֮͢أԪ
һгǰֻǰųӡнߣҪ̲飬Щ̶ӡӣһܵϿ̲飬ֻʶؽǮƣڡ
ŵѩ֧ӣʿǰ̲飬СҪѳѩɫһ󵨣ѩѩɣ£
ѩΣ˵䣬ͷһţ˱ԳͷһԾ£һҪ֮ʱסվڵ棬ȴһʮı뺷ԪӦ
ԭĽĦ³ܴˡѩĿˣ΢΢һЦ˹֡
ѩɣѩУǶһ޶ǣ㲻һ񡣡ĽĦ³ܿѩһĿǽ̲ǹأҲӣѣΣ
ĽĦˡŦϣߵҶ˵֮ʣܻᱻһЦǮơһھˡʶصϽضʿѳ׳졣
ѱѣѩɼװŭ㲻һسǽȴѩ֮ǰ񣿡
ôӣĽĦ³۾һɣĽĦϣ֮ˣ˶ҺУǻòͷˣѩɣѾƹضҰŲһűȥ˺㣿
λѩվڳϣ۸ߺԪӦĽĦϵ£ȴ޵һ֮Ҫڴ˵Сǰ裬֪ͨǰҪܺε裿ӣôȥ
ŶǵǣһĿɿڴҳǴ˸αװɰյսʿǣһˣ
λʱװ̶ͷľվ˳ؽţĽĦЩԪӦݣȴѾٹȥˣղͷ˰ɣѩϲԭԪӦ壬䵱ڼ䣬ԪӦǶôǿ󣬰Ƕô㣿ǱƾѩȨ
װߴ
Ҫ췴ĽĦ³ܴ
췴ֻǶʧȥȨѡѩЦһ֮䣬һƾճ֣ĽĦ³ܼնȥ
ĽĦ³ܲƾĳ̶ȣӦѩһնʱ㱻һͷɷֳƬһѪ൹ߡ
ͨŵþУеһսʿǣȴҺɱСǶǸеľӢЩسǵʿǵĶ֣ת֮㱻ɱС
ʱҶȴҲźţѾΧĴʱƺƵɱ˹Χס˸徫ӢʱѾɱɢž򿪣ôɱС
ҶУԪӦ֮ء֮ǰλʩչǿȴи徫Ӣס
òƣһֵͬܣһҶȴϤԪӦĽĦ
Ҷ㣿ĽĦһҶ㣬ʱһ漴ұ֪ѩͻȻ䷢ضǱ֧֣û뵽ȴ㣡
ĽĦĽĦϴȥѩɸȵѩҪȨԪӦ»
ѩɣУһλĽĦ곤ߴһǲҪ⣡Ҹñʱ޾Եؽ̤ƽѩϣѩмȮ
ĽĦ泤ӣĽĦ졣ŦҶ˵ˣĽĦĽĦ磬ǲԭϵĺݽɫԪӦЩԷڤĴսֵܴġ
Ǹ£ɡʱѩɳĽĦЦ֮ǰձҶү˶ӣҲ֪ҶүѰȴãʡҶүѰˡ
ʲô˲ɶһ
ܣĽĦҧгݣҸ߽׵ĸ֣Ҷʲôô˵
΢΢ҡͷҶһ̾ʵұǆ·ϻ
˵֮䣬ͻȻһ̧֣һɾ޴ĿռʱĽĦУĽĦ޷ѣҶ㿴գΪڤѰճӣ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
ĽĦ˫۷죬ͷ
ұһɱҶһЦͽսȭ˲䣬ǿռһֻ޴ƣĽĦֱһģѪ⣬ڵϡ
磡λӾУȴҲŵòˡ
ԭն޹ķڤգǹµķڤӤԴΪ֣°ӷڤΪūΪͣ¾ڤŮӣ⸡䣬ȴδһֲֿήٵԼϣһԼҲΪ˼̤ߡ
ɱѩɴһ˳ɱȥ
УʵĽĦҧֹţȴĵȥλֵܶµֵѩɵˣԼ֮زز
Ʒʵ˲ݡҶȴһУսȻץУֻһӣһâӹĽĦ壬ǱӵӰһ£ʱֳ룬Ѫء
һսֱеڣټԪӦ֮УѪɺӣԪӦߵʬ˽ֵ
һս壬ȫѩ֮֡
ԪӦأ֪ϢʱֱӳȨ֮ƽͽΪһ֮弯ǽһսƺҪϯԪӦ
ЩϵĿĵأڰ;֮ķڤޡսʿЩ˸ֲɾ
Ҷһλսһ㣬ݺԪӦڸս֮Уѩϵǿһһɱ뿪սϲãܿٳǸս֮ϣºԪӦּˣͨȴֻΪ·
ʿ֪ҶʵѾԪӦĽĦ棬ݺĶţȴ쳣֪ԭĿм޵еԪӦҲҶ֮֡
ԪӦһۣѸ٣յҲѸ١ʱ䣬ԪӦи󷴿ѩ׵ΪԪӦ֮ͳһԪӦ
ΪҶǿߣ֧֣λȹޱȣκһɡ
ԪӦȫС
ҲʱǰԣڤƳ֮á
գҶڴԪͷųޱߵĲԭޱ֣΢΢һЦ
ԪӦ֮ƽˣӴ˷ڤ߹ս£սҵԸȴѾȫʵˡ
ʵδܶޱ˵ĽĦδ¦δһУͶ
ǵġҶһͷˣȴͣ¡Ǹȥһˡ
۵ҶԶ㡣ޱͷ῿Ҷϡ
˶һЦ


294 Ԩ
ޱߺ֮£һ޴ĳǳغب硣
зޱȣȻ֮не΢⣬ȴӰｻߡ̸Ц֡
˵۹µһǣǻʳǣģȴȻʳѷɫ٣˵۹еĴͳǳ֮һ
ʱڳУһλҴҶСǳгеˣ˳ųдһǳţȫŵ뿪γ˴ǣһȥسߵ̲飬ںкХһʱٻһɫļ㡣
㱳ϣԶȥתۼѾԶǡĿǰһоƹУӦúǼʲôƣٽһλʲôȹһõϢʱ⡣
ĻȻֹΪ֮ͻȻһֻ֣һ±㽫С㾪ŵߣ򱻴ֽţһƬ޵Ŀռ֮С
У޼¡ֽԽԽ·ʱҪѹʹʼ
Ҷޱ޿ռ֮УǺħľ֡
Ҷ˵
˱죬ΧֻʣǾֵĺ
ʣ𡣡Ҷ˵ʣƭձһա
ףףһʼͷ뵽ԼھУֻ¶ԷǾֶ˵
УǷ½ˣҶʡ
ࡣ֪޲ԡֻǻʳǱߣ˵½˹͵֮ǰ˵и½Ůսеһʳ֡
ȥǷ½ʱˣҶʡ
ûСҡͷҲֻ䣬½һЩ½˵Ҳֻôˡ
˭֪Ǿ˭ʲôҶʡ
ҲʳеĴ֪ɡ˵ҲǸССĽ޷֪
ֻССҶЦٸһλᡣ
ҡ˸оԼĹ죬о޴ѹԼźڼŵò԰ޱȡҲ˵ˣǸǳ˵ĸҽССĽ˵ףҲǴ²֪ʮ
ͶˡҶͷ
ǵŮǷѾ޸ʣʡ
ûС˵ŮѾˣδ޸ʣ֮Ĺϵȴʮܡ
˵ŮѾǣҶʡ
ʺ½ˣһ̽Ԩˡ˻ش
ԨʲôطҶʡ
ǲָĳط˻ش𣬡ںиЩ޵ԨͳơֻҪһ·򶫶УһƬûĵشԨش
ʲôҶʡ
˵ԨǼΣյĵطκ඼޷ζֻ᲻³ûڰԨ֮С˵ԨгڸϹ汦صıأܽУȴܵõ޴ôˣУೣиֽСֻܻ١
Ҷ㲻ɸпһ֮оȻ֮
λˣƺ½˰ɣ̲סһ㽾˵ഫȴ֮ϵյ뱦أȴԶ½Ͽɱȡ½֮ϣǲŽлأ
ҶҡͷһЦȴޱʹ˸ɫޱʱǰ֮ʣҶֽ⿪˺ħľƣҪߣȴӭ
Уɢ׹⣬ȴĹ֮˶ۣ֮ȴĹ֮ԭҰ֮УĹΧʹУĹ
˼£㵹ȥȴδȥ
߰ɡҶ˵ҲʥźڶһƬԨ֮С
磬˵ЩԨ֮еЩʲôޱ̲סʡ
Ҳܺ档ҶһЦޱԶɶݶȥ
ߺ󲻾ãȴĵ˹ܣһôˣżȴͻȻ赹֡
ȴĹŵļ䣬δɱʱҡͷԵֺŻһ㣬ȥˡ
Ҷޱһ·Ŷȥչ޶ݷǰһ·Խǧﺣ·һƬûаˮ
ˮޱȣûһ𳬷ǿߵй٣ǿܿǰʮԶķΧ
ӦþǰԨش˰ɣޱΧжЩ֮Сȷʵһ㣬ûа
Ҷ֪֪⣬֣ǰȥ
Ǻףǰ¾ͱһƬڰԨ֮ףǰ಻Ԩ߼ʡһֱǰ֪γãޱٻͷʱ಻ʱġġ
ҪҶ޻ӡ֮ȻĿӣȴƾӦһСȻӣͨȴֱܷһԨγɵİԨ硣޻ӡڣǱ㲻ʧ
šޱӦһٺ˼롣
һ·¶ȥγʮż˰Ԩĵ档Χ̽飬תһȦȴҲһҶ΢΢üҡҡͷİԨ̫ˣƾ޻ӡӦұ㷢ʮԲǧ֮㣬Ҫһһ̽飬ֻ²֪Ҫ鵽¡
أޱͻȻǰһ죬˵Լ֮У½֮ϣļ硣ĸй᲻Ǹǿ޷Ӧ޵ϢȴԡܸӦ˵Ϣͷˣ
Ҷͷ΢Цʱ籮л˳
Һ£ڱʣ漴ע⵽Χ죬һôܵԨ֮ˣ
Ҳ˽ⰵԨҶʡ
Ȼͷ֮УҲʮ꣬Ȼ˽⡣
֪㲻ץˣֱ෽㡣ҶҡͷһЦҪڰԨ֮Ѱʥźټ֮УȻԽ޻ӡ֮Ӧòռ䲼֣ȴ޷ӦϢͷҡ
Լˣ˵ôʲôٺһЦһȦҡҡͷⷽԲʮ䲢ûʲôһɡ
Ҷһͷޱɶ뿪һԨһȥ
̽ͷ࣬ҶҲһһЩԨֻǳתһȦ֪ԨǷ飬ڰԨڵĵεòҶֿƾ޻ӡӦȴǷúܡ
Ѱһʱ붫ԨشЩԨȴ䣬һȻҲ޷ԸӦ֪·ֻС
ֹʱһһµİԨ֮ϣһ¶ȥζȻɫƣ룬ʱȴͻȻü
ôҶ㼱æʡ
жָ·˵оҵϢƺһս
ߣҶԣв͸˷֮ɫæޱŰԨ֮¶ȥ
һ·˽żסҶʱҲӦһĲȴʿĲʮǿңɼҲǵĸ֡
ȴؿҶħʹҶʱһ
ѵ
ɻ󣬲䵽ףǴȥںϿʮ֮أպܿ״ӽ
ģҰ֮˴һƬâȴʹ֮һֻСӰĺ꼤ҽսǺӿʮǿȴ͸һ֮⣬ƺܳ־á
ŷұޱҲףȻг֡


295 Ԩ
ӴƶҲŷұʤ޴ŷұȫǶ֣ȴǰ
ŷұʤʤһӡ顣
Ҵʱֳ֮ƣоȴŷұ޷ʹĶݷߣŷұȴӡķҲʹܽڴ˴
ʹӡ飬֮䣬Χĺˮһˮ裬һˮһͷͷͻϵŹչƣȻǿͣܽһһƣһȴȫơ
һŷұľǱ֮֡
һôҲڴˣޱ΢΢ü
ԣȴý
ôҶʡ
Ⲣһֻͨĺޣٹ۲Ƭ̺󣬼϶˵Ѫҵͬ壡
壿ޱһ
Ҷ㡣תҶ㣬ɫǵþ
áҶһͷŷұǵĵˣƵоˣһá
ɲǼ䣬ȴһ·ں͵һȣŷұ
غˮŷұ˸Եеɴ˸սֵ̧ͷϷֻҶһǿϢԸߴֱ£Լŵùֽһ
Ҷ㣿ôܳ
ŷұƭҵԴϣһɱȴ㷴ʱˣҶһȭʱһȭݺݻŷұ
㲻ɣŷұһҧӡһ֮䣬ʱгɣҶָ
ССסңҶ΢΢һЦֻӣΧĿռʱ˳仯һ·顣
ôܣŷұȻ֪סҶ㣬Ҳ벻Ҷ㾹Ȼ׽֮ȥֱδһһ㡣
ʱȭѾǰȴ޿ɱܣ֮üһ´ۣŭĹߡ
һޱȣȵҶ֮ŭȴ߳ɼŷұ̶ʱڣȻҲٵ
˿ҲǾ֮ţС֮һ
ŭǿײڱȭ֮ϣȴʱͱȭɢȭŭĹֱ߱ǰһ±ŷұ֮ϡŷұƺһſ³һѪԶȥ
ôֵز
пţŷұɴ۾ԶҶ㣬ȫ־֮С
С꣬㲻£ʱһȴٺף˺ߡȴǽ䱸Ȼܱ
ȴһЦĵУҲǳ۷ӣȴǳסҪɱãȴǼ֮¡Ϊͬ壬ô㣿Ҷ㣬ҵѣȴǺһġϸӦ֪ҲǻΪޡ
Σڵͷȷʵ䣬ȴмּ
ʱŷұԶ֪Ҷ㣬ʱһҧʹݷҪߡҶȴһЦΪһǵ֮ңķɶ޷룿
һץ䣬޻ӡʱΧĺת˲γһѹ޴ŷұУŷұݷ仯޿ռ䣬ȴʱѹ÷飬䱻ס÷ֺһʱɫ
Ҷ㣬ɱңɱԶ֪ʥźˣš
Ҷ㵹ɱ֮ġŷұصúܣȴܣʱмջҲδ֪
ҲѡҶ˵ʥź֮¶˵У֧ߵ˭ǲ
ǴˡŷұҶ㣬Ǿȣκ̾һʲôҲ㡣ҵȷʵϾ΢ǷɢʥźϢ¶ʹɱɴе
ȻˡҶ㻺ͷôʥźںδ
ôӦҡ˵ˣʱߡŷұ˵ǾӣϲʳԡֻҪӦңұʱȫ˵
⺦ңұϾСҶ˵вң㵹ʲôٸҺң´ұز㡣
ǾͶлˡŷұεЦЦʵ˵ɣʥźȷʵԨ֮Уȴڴ˵ء֣Ͼ΢ƭű˵أȴѴĸǣʥź֮ȥˡ
ޱ׷ʡ
ȴڷڤ⺣֮Сŷұ˵ֻǶҪѰȴǼΪסõϢ¸ǿ߶ᣬǲɢϢֻΪˣͬʱʹͻ
öļơޱ̾
Ҷ㿴ŷұϹĪЦݣЦŷұе﷢ţ̲ס䣺˵ľʵ
ǻѻҲ޷ֳҶ˵޷ϵʵҵ񹦣ȴҲ޷ֱľ棬ľǼ١
Ȼ档ŷұ˵Ҫ㣬ӦǿѰ֮ظ㣬ȥɱ˭˭ܣοԶ֮
ãұΡҶ㻺ͷһʱԨײָƽŷұҲصɡҶ㣬ΨҶٶ֣ȴһ·Զȥ͵ʹݷߣ뿪ⰵԨ
磬Ļޱʡ
ٲö֪ȴҪѰϸϸƲ⡣Ҷ˵˽ƻֻ֮䣬Ҳ˵ѻȴʹѻҲԣʵͷʹ٣ȴҲֻܿǻֱۣˡ
˵Ҫ㣬Ӧ㵽֮ȥ⵹١ޱ˵
˵ʥźϢɢȴɵ㡣Ҷ˵ˣʵ۷Ӧ֪ʥź֮У˵ѰٲǡɴжϣʥźеϢȴ֮ս󣬲й¶ȴ̲ס룬һǿ߸ڻԴ֮սָһĿ꣬ʼⱼΪУ˴ɱ
˵󰡡ޱ˵
⵹ҶͷⲢŷұ˵ľȫʵܾãȴб
Ǹղϸʱˡޱź˵
áҶҡͷ˽ƻ˵ʵ֮ãɱ֮áȷɣҲͻ¶˿ǣ˵Ѱĵϸ
ҲǡޱһЦ
ת˹֮
лҶүȡ˰ΣҲ֪Ҷĵϸʱ΢΢ͷҶлǸм֮⡣
Ҳǵˣֻ˳֣ȴظлҶһ֡
ŹֻϢȣʱޱȣʱǿʢ쳣΢΢üмףҾͨҽ֮ңΪҽΣ
֮ףǲ국һЦЦȴһ˿į˸С
˵ţȴ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ѵˣޱæʡڹǲˣɰȬ
ˡ̾˿ǽҪ
ޱһ漴ɫһ졣ԷȻޣͨԣ˵ԣԽ֮࣬˵Ů֮ʱޱȴ޷ţ̰޶ԡ
Ҳһ֮ʱôӰ𣿡
ӦûСĵ˵ֻ⺢ӻ˽꣬ҪôҵûӰ죿Ӱ֮󣬱Ҫһֱڳһ㡣
ꣿޱɾ
ֹҲɴ۾ж೤ǳ֮壬ٿɴ꣬ҲûлĿܰʲô̥ʲô֣


296 
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷǰԨһֻĹֹ꣬ȴϣ⺢ӡ⺢ڳһΣҵͻƣﵽֱ֮գȴе£Ҳеֻֻ֪һ£ҵҲ͵յ㡭
˵ţȴ־ʹ̲סİ֮ӿٵطΧˮ
£ҶȻǿΪףȴҲﲻæҲֻޱһ˵һԣ԰οСͦס֮֡ľĻ
һڣȴһʱޱʹҪҪƴӣȴ̲סŽźҶ֣΢΢һЦģĸ֣ʱġ
㡭ޱɫͨ죬ֵһ¡ḡ
˵μүүˣȴ̸ˡҶװһĶͷ
Ǿ´˵¡ޱߺͷ۵Ҹ֮ɫ
ʱͻȻһ춯صĴУ͵һȴһöһ߶೤ϰѱ⻬ϸһȴϸܲ·һε㣬ֻһε
һ۱ʱʧȥ˹⻪Ӳ˼£ںٲܶˡʱϣֻ΢ĽʱɢȥʾѾߵյ㡣
ãޱһüæ˹ȥּ̧뺣ڣҪΪ
ȴҡҡͷ΢΢һЦ˹Լ壬Լ֪
ޱҲӦڵߣȴ̾Ϣһջ
ԭ㲢壬⵰ȴ֣֮ʱǵô˵⵰ĸȴӰ£
ʲôޱ̲סҶ㡣
˵ӣвͬҶ˵±֮һPꡣ
Ҳ֪Ƿʲôӡѵ˵ţԼ˺ӺҲʵиǿޣȴҲңұսսҷȴң׽ꡭһҲǷ⡭Ȼã⺢ӵ֮ȴϣֻǼλ
ġǵһ󼤶ѪѪͳҸΪȻСչˡ
Ҫʮ졣ǵ˵ʮ֮޶ôֻ±޷
תҶ㣺־ңʹĸڱ֮࣬ȴսᣬΪ㽫һ͸ɡ
ġҶҡͷ֮һѰһ֮ؽ㰲ᣬ
ˡҡͷֻϺúұм
˵ţϢȴ΢ٿǵһ֮ȴҶظӦѾȫϾȴˡ
ɳ̾һ
°ɡ˵һҰϺӣԭлǡֻǡȴʳã㽻ɡ޲࣬׷ʲôΪʬǲʬǣûҪװ˷ѡ
һȴЦһձңȴˡҶ㣬ҲؽҰᣬ˰ɡ
֪ҶԣޡҶ㿴ڣǱѡҪҶΪһ֮֮ʬҶ첻ʬҶᰲᣬȴٶ˵ʲô
㻹ǡҶ㣬ҡͷЦ˵ˣǲЩ
ϧȴ࣬һ塣Ҷ˵ĵ£ֻ޴󣬱˵£޺죿
ۿװ׸˷ѵʡ
´壬ǽ֮ɣǶаҲ̰ͼ棬Ҷ˵
ãȴɼصͷȴǽһϾӣֵΪ֮ѣ
壿ࣿ
һž͵̧ͷȥȴԨ֮в֪ʱȴ˰ٶˡ
Щ½һ޶ֻǻЩЩķֱ𣬵ɫƤȴΪͬƤɫȫͬ⻬ޱȣеϸƬȻҲ½ˣֻݣȴǽ֮䡣
Ҷ΢΢ü
Щɢȫʮƣֻǳм⣬ȴҶ֮ǰǲͬҲȷЩ˻ʲôࡣ
ǺˣΪ£ޱҲɻȫ񾯱֮£ʡ
ʲôˣһɫЦһ¶̰飬סǺʬ壬ʬԱߵĵĿҲʱƳǱеˡˣȴʲôˣҽ˵֮УǻòͷˣǳȴԸһᡪޡǣұǰȻȥ
ȴԭһȺǿҶЦһ
ܵǲ֪һ¶׹⣬ӿ
ʵǿһ˾һ
ʲôɫصһЦ仯ΪΣϢʹȫǿضᱻʸӦʱȻʱȴȴˡҺȰ㡪߰ɣǻὫΪ޹λΣ
ʣ
ţҶ㲻һһЦ
ôҳأĿӶԷȻ
㣿½ˣɫصһЦУѾб£Ǳ밵Ԩ֮УһܵѹƣǶֻ֣Ǵѹ㣡
ҽڼʲôС֪ߵغˡޱ̾˿
㿴СɫصͷȴΪޱ˵Ҷ㡣
磬ְɡޱ˵ÿʵ
д⡣Ҷ΢΢ͷͻȻ֮һ̧֣ħǾ޴ƳںУֱǷɫصץȥ
֮䣬ϢΧǳصĺˮҵĺȴ˿δӰ졣
ɫصδҶ֮£ȴʱȥҲʵ߾Ȼֱߣ߼λȴ꣬һ±ħĴץסֻһգǹ飬Ѫ
ôӣ
һƬ˲ŭһ֣ȴųһ״ķⷨһΧĺˮʱˮ֮䣬ˮ۱仯һǹҶֱ
ССҲó׳󣿡ҶҡͷһЦһȭ˳ȥħ֮ʱ˲佫ǾǹסȭͷֱײȥϣǾǹžһ飬䣬ȴֽλ
ôôǴƬ˾ִУץסǷһҺԨУǣ
һǺбһðԨ֮кݣۿҪγһ޴У룬ȴҶ֮
ͲҪۡҶεָһָ޻ӡʱǺʹзתȴһ˶ȥڶָȴųһɳֱӽǴƬС
Ҷ֮£˲þ޴ޱȣһ½е˶Уھ֮У׷ʹԵȴֻа˳ȥԱ֮Уʵ÷顣
ǰУʮſǷɫصˡʱŵؿҶ㣬̲ס
ѵҲּ½ˣȻȴûӹҶĶ䡣
ּǼʵ۷ĽĦ棬ֻ֡᲻¦ǣ
Ҷһһ˲ǰŵþһҲһȭҶȥȴҶһƺҶֽ쾾סһ¶ɳ֮
ɱɱʣµǾУȴʩչֶΣҶ㡣


297 
Ѱ·ɱ֮꣬ȴмһЦ
Ҷָֻһһɳ䣬ʱЩɱаΧУֱӽ֮и飬һ˶ȥǶУɲǼгĭ
һ֣֮ǰһɳ˹˶УֻʣʮεסѹҶǰ
ǰڵˣʱȴŵòס
Ҷһ̧֣ռ֮˳Ƭз
ҶŪӦⷨǳ׵ȴԿƺˮ뺣ȴ޻ӡ֮Ҳ½ѵá֮г۵һ
ǣǡƬ˼æͷ۹еıմҲãϲ͸Ҳ޷
ҶһЦ˵ȴλˣ
۹߾ǹǷɫص˵δʲôʯ
ʯҶʡ
ǡæͷ½֮ϣҲƵʯǽʥ·ʯ˵½֮ϵʥ·ʯѾԶ½˵ʯȴӦ֮ˡԸһöʯ
ҶȴһʱԵ˰صǿռ䷨Уȡһöǲ֪ʯʣ˵Ŀⶫ
ǣæͷ
Ҷ㲻Цˣȴǲȱ˵һ֣ռһѳСɽĺʯ˳ںףĿɿڴ
ôôִࣿУѵѵǴŮѣ
Ҷһ֣Щʯ
Ůʡ
ѵ֪˵۹ĴŮ㵵ʡ
ȻϵáҶȴȤ˵۹ĴŮôǵĸʲô
Ȳ˽⡣߾˵ô໰ԼҲӦñ㹻ĳ⣬˻ͷ˵۹ԹűһСɵĴ۹۹Уÿһ壬һСйͳ죬ֶҪӴŮĺ
ֻһ⡣˵ǾҲ˵۹֮һߣ˵۹ԭӦͳΣͼΣȴһϣʵﵽ˵۹һʱȥٷŮΣƽƽ
ŮƺܿҪΪˡ߾˵ʱ˵۹֮
ǵҲȨݰޱ̲סп
ޡ֣ʱ㵥ָ㡣Ҷ˵ԡޡΪʱͳһ۹ģ壬ǴضȨ֮ģҲⳣ顣
תλˣʣǷ˵ɢǿΪʸӦô˵ʵĹȾڸ
ҲǡҡͷֻһǿķһһɣȴԼ·Բǧ֮ص仯
ҲֻǶŹĵ߾˵
ǿɷ˵ˡʥź֮£Ҷʡ
˵߾ͷŮҪǸɳӢԨشѰһϹĹأǵ˵Ĺľһλʥ˵ź
ǿʲôˣҶʡ
ûС˵ѰңȴӦ½˵Ϣӿ˳Ϣ˹ǡ
ޱһü˳Ϣҹ磬˵ǲŷұǸһɢϢǰ
пܡҶͷ
ޱһ´μҪ
λȴǰɣæģ£Ӽǿ
žסޱЦȴ޵Ƕ˵ҵӵܣ
ǡǣ¾һ竣λҪһʶɡæ˳Ҫޱֻޱ
ҲɱǣҲȲܷǡҶ˵һ֣ɳӿֻޱɳ˰һöС裬ҶСҶֱӽ֮籮֮ѹ
ʲôߺʡ
ǶϾϤҶ˵ҲǻҪһ򽻵λӣԴɱǵףʱˡ
ʣһ漴Цˡܵ
˵ţȴɾ˰ԨϷһȴеĿͽϹˡҶ㣬ǺǴһܣʱߣ
ȿʲô˵ɡҶ̧ͷϣȴֻܿʮ֮ҲܸӦκϢ
Ƭ֮Ϸ£ԶһĿȣȫ߾֮ǰȺһ㸡꣬ȴȻսսʿ
м䣬λŻޱȣһʣȴпĳ޹еĴ㲻ǹֻҲ˧һ
Ȼڣǽºһλﶢס
㿴ߡһλ򺣹ߵĵǺȻҲһǵȴԼܸӦɢһֲͬѰϢȴơֻϣԴǿҵǵеϢȴʥ֮úܡ
δ´ǵӦ֡һﻺͷ͸̰֮ɫǴ֡ܵõ»Ϊһ
½˭һλҶޱŮֻǳףеģȴӦ˭ܸӦõ
ѧʲôصĹɡһλ˵ͣܳסܵ˵λһ½ϵĳˡ
½ϵʲôһλЦжʮﵽ׵Ĵڣͨʡ½ʹﵽˣ
ǡһλͷ½֮ϵˣڡУǻ֮ԴġˮУʱ֮̽ĸٶȣߣܻƣܵ½Ͼþӣֻһܽ½ռ졣
һڴﶼصͷЦ
ȺһвɣЩ˵Իˣü
вǾǲСɫǶָѹҶЦЦ˲ŵݣǰ̸Ц
øǵɫơһ
½˵÷ϡһλ˴ﶢ˵壬Ҹоǿ󣬿Ѿﵽ˳סκһ˵ս¶Ҫһ
ɡһλ˵ڴˣҲԵֳ֣ӣһȥһȥһ½ˣһȥǺʬΣ
ҶһЦû뵽ȴ˹ǵãΪãѰʥź֮£ˡ
δ̫˰ɣһλ΢΢üǷֳӣһһǶŮ˭˭ʤʤ߾⼸ķ䣬Σ
ײףλ߷׷ҡͷ࣬㼺
ȺʣΪԶ𣿡ñӶˡǲ֪ߵغҶ㣬ʰǰɣȥҲŹ֣һȺġ׵ĶҲǰſԣԲ
Ҳˡޱһʱ
һλߵĿһϡ
÷һλ̰֮ɫȻǿ󣬿ɼ˲õıСʹ˷ѣǵã
˵ţȻһޱ˹
ôӣҶЦһٿȻ֡


298 
һȭʣ͵شħȭӰҶֱ֮ϣȻ䣬һħΪѪǳޱֱȥ
ã֮ǰһҲҶʱҶ㶸Ȼ֣ȴչֳ˺Ƶھ֮мæסΣѸ뺣ˮһ壬ݻһ޽һʵס
֮⣬㺣ʯƺκ޷
һϵױʱײʯͷļһ£ĺ˲ɢ׵ı֮ϣʱֿµѺۣ߷ӦһױѾȫ飬ϵֱӴϣŹ顣
ֻüһ˫ͻڱѪشֱۣںˮз׹ס
ʲôʣλ߲ɾ˾ֵشУ½ôȻһоͻɱ˵ٺ
ԣԣ˽УչֳǶףӦ֮
֮϶֮ϡҧſڣֻ߽׵
߽ף߾ֺˣȫս
Ҿ˵һһĵ⡣
Ƕ֣˾ֺˣ߽׸֣ȫһҲǶ֣
ˣˣ˺ţ½ʲô;Ȼɴﵽ߽ף
һЦҶҪǣ֮ѹѯʥź֮£һɾȴϿնӰһǰһ󻺻س
ҶĿһ
ˣһɫϴ紺һЦݣȴ͸ѹһе֮⣬ȴӣϾ΢
ˣޱ飬Ű壬һ˸еԼȴ
Ҷ֣þòˡϾ΢һҶ㹰Ϊ
־ȻҲڴ˴˾ȡҶһЦֻ
ȴĿֻͶǵȴһһöϢĵǽ֮Ϊҩֻ߷ʥ֮ã£ǺʬԲãöҪ֣
ǹȻٵġޱһЩšҶ㻹δ볬֮ʱڶҰǲһĳǿߣǰɻɱʱޱо޵Уеӡ
ټȻԼҲѾǳǿߣļɵȴδһ㡣
Ҫ˵ôϾ΢һЦ
Ҷ֣˵ڴѰᣬѾЩˡϾ΢˵⺣ԭǾڴ˴ڸԶİԨ֮УжѨȴǱһ·׷ѰƵ˴˴´˵ɢ˹Ϣǲ֪ȷλãȴ뱻Ҷһ
һЦ˵ҶˣΪǰ棬㲻˵ӲҪ˱ǿռɣ
һɺԣһڿ˵з֣֤ݺڣߣ⺣ֲҵʹӣô˵㣿ڵ´˵ǰΪҶȣǰиҶϺҶȻӦʲôʸ᣿
ֻϾ΢һЦǿҶϣҲҪȡ
òֱ仯Ǽ󡣡ҶЦ֣ԽԽˡ
Ҷ⻰лϾ΢˵еϣȴ֪ǰǱ᣿
ﶼΪһ֮֮ȡ֮ΪԼԽ˱ӡϣ֪ΪӦӦ᣿Ҷ˵
߱ˡϾ΢ЦҶպͳһ£ȴҲҪѧһѧ
ȴ˵Ҷ㻺ҡͷ֮䣬ռʱʬһס籮֮С
Ҷ㣬ұӦԵУǵʧȥ֧֣Էæ˵Ҳ˰ɡ
áҶһͷּ䣬ȴޱҲռһ籮
磬ԼСģޱ֪Ҷ˶ֵľģ֪ƾԼּսУֻܳΪҶ׸ֻǶһҶ㽫籮
Ҷ׼һսˣϾ΢΢΢ü
һʼӦܲµҵľҶ˵
Ǳ޷ˡϾ΢ϧҡҡͷǱ£һҶдգһЩҵĽɷϵҶ֣¹رȴֻʹ׽ˡ׽ɡ
˵˼Ȳ򵥣㲻ǰͳµˣҲн֮֡
׽Ͼ΢һЦÿɷ
ٲһԣֻǰҶ档
λߣѾߣҪ֣ȴʱͣ˴˽Ŀ⣬һԹ۲졣
Ͼ΢ȴҲһۣ಻Ͼ΢ƺʶԽˣҶȴԽ϶֮ȴʶ
װʶȴ¶š
ҲҪѰʥźټģϾ΢Ҳδ֪
Ҳ鱾Ͼ΢֪ʥź֮º󣬱һѰңŷұһǿߵʹ֮以սµŷұȴ֪ʥź䣬һǿ˴ˣǿս֮ʣŷұɻˮ㣬жʥźĻᡣ
˽ͣһͷ˳
ŷұҪԼ𴦣ȴǼɵԼʵڻˮ֮гɹԼټˮ֮С
Լ
뵽˴Ҷ㵭һЦ˼ֱ
ʱԼеߴޱȣͬ񡣵ڶҰԳǿ֮ѹԼһ˺޷֮ƱڶҰۣԹ취֮ɡǷ𺳣ȴҶĵס
ޱͬʱȴη֮ѹ෴о˷ܡСԼȻһտǿ߶ţεҫ
ǿ߽棬Ǻεʹ죡
ҲһᡣҶ㣬˵ʼվûսûȤζҲͬΪΣյսӦڡ֮⣬ɱ㣬ֻǵȴ֡ղͬǵҪҳ֡Ҷ㣬ձһˡ
ֻ֪ڶҰ۵ķʲôҶʡҴδа֮
ֱ˵а񡯱ˡһΡ
ҲΪа񣿡ҶһЦ
һϹŷȻֱ̹סΪ֮ġֱ֮УӾ֮ʱһʵ顢ҩġʯ֮תΪĶ֮ҲУΪҽĶ֮һ
֮治СҶ㻺ͷֿ۽硣
˵֮䣬ȴͻȻħӿ𣬾ȻǺ׵ȷˣ֣
һ֣ս˲֣У籮ħ֮ڣʥ䡢ʥ塢ʥ߻һ֮ϡ
һУնƣ
УҶӰ𣬷·ںˮ𣬶֮ԶҡϾ΢⣬ֱӻ
һȷǿͷһ֮ķȴҪһնƻ飬ƣÿϧ
ıûһ仯ǰŰ࣬಻һ˿նƵնȴһ·ıɽη紵ӿƶһ˿һ
ٽת۵ǰ·Ҫһ
֮Уһâţˣ


299 
һƬϼȼ𣬷·ǺɫĻ棬ֲȻӵųӣϼһƮ˲ǵء
ǺϼŸȲһ½նƵĵƹסһ׹̶֮Уÿǰһ綼Ҫļ
һǰȭҫͭĹâ·˲䴩һͭսסϣҲֳֹâֹâʹׯޱȣ·̤أѹķϹŻߡ
Ԩĺ׵棬ȴһǰϣ˲һƣȴ·ǴؽҪ߸ѡ
ںףظѣҪǿ
˴𰸡ȭͷǰΧĺˮʱʧ·Ǳĺľֱɡ
һȭ֮ͭӰײ˱סնƵ֮ϣʱ졣Ȼ춯֮УնƵĵƱȫ飬޴ɢķˮ𣬶ݡ
֮£ȻҲһС
΢΢ͷȻԽˣɱ֮ıԽʢ
Ҷ֡ԶϾ΢˵ţһա˵־ڱصãøңǺѣһ㰲Ȼȥ
һ֮£һСҶȴǱŷɳʮԶȫ޻ӡʹԼס
Ŀȴ·ûϾ΢һ㣬߶ȼϡ
̫ǿˣ˵ȽϣҶоƺᲢֻۡǶ߶ǿ̫࣬Ҫֳ˭˭ͣȴвʻڵ֮ˡ
һֻͨնƣδʥ·ʯǿзնƣ߽׸ꪳɳʺϣȴȻûκЧ
Ҫĸһսֻʹǿ
Ҳ塣ʱֻһˣߣҲѾˣǿ֮ĩһˣȻˡɽղͬϾ΢ڲ໢˹ԿţҶȴʹԼ͸֧
׽ȻҶ㿴΢΢һЦȴѾ⡣
ƨȲĿ䣬Ȼޱ飬ȭƴ
˭˵ƨȲҶЦΣ֮ʱ͵úԼƨܵòܿ졣׽˵Բԣ
ͻȻ֮䣬սһӶȴնһ޿ռ䡣ͬʱ޻ӡȫ汬ɺʱ޿ռںһ𣬻һˮռ赲סǰ
ʱҶȴʹ޶ݷת۾ҪⰵԨ
ãã޾Ԩ֮Уӵ޻ӡû֪Ҷ׼ȷλãǿҲֻ̾
ܣһ
ϵıȻ䣬Ű壬࣬䡣ֱһ־ԵţŲκ״췭ظֻҪԼһȭһоͶ˳ı䣡
ʱûгȭſƣ͵һץ
޿ռҺʱƽϢ·ҽеĹ˵ķԸ㼱æزһ㡣ͬʱһԨ֮ϵĺ۳һɣ·𻯳һһ㣬¼޴ȻۿҪʹöݷѶҶ亣ף
ҵġ֮ġɣաԵһԾҶ㣬˵֮˲ޣȴѾǶ˽⻯ԼһЩǿʯ챦ҩںĿƣȴκǿߡ
׽ǫ顣Ҷվֱӣֹǲǣֱǳ̫ࡣѾõ˴Ů޻ӡ˿ʹõȻҲв㡣
˵ӵٴҲҪʹߵı£뱦ʲôͬһĽһСУҲӲʲô
ҶĳɲСҶһЦ
ЦУ׵ʱ֣֮ʥ֮һʱϣǧöʥ·ʯտԨʯֱƳɷ۳뵶֮С
˵ʣõľ⵶ɣȻʥ·ʯΪʥһȷʵСһȴڶݣĿʱ𣬷·Ұǿ֮ʱҪȫӡ
ԣ֪һˡҶ˵ţսӶ磬ǿĵһʱǵأķȫ֡
һҪһ»һ㣬պХ䡣
ʱԶսϾ΢ɫ䡣ֻоһ֮ƣƺԼҲУҪԼһն΢ֱ𣡾֮Уȴٱ侲͵һѳͼںһ壬Լ
ֹ˵۹λߣҲͬʱ֮ģƴȫʹøסԼ塣
Ǵʱһʱ뵽ӣǵƴľ޴ѹȴǲӡΪǸоȫأתߣôһһὫԼնΪ΢
׵Ŀһɫȴ˿䣬ֻ΢΢ͷӿ𣬻һͭսף˶սһϣʱ󣬽һߴɵľˣУ·ǻ߽ѹӡ
Ƶͷ䣬̧ͷһ֮УͭȭӭŵƳ
ȭ𣡡
ף˷ˮʱڣһȭڶֱײ뵶֮СķĵƣһȭǰȻҡ·ǳ֮еĴ󴬣֪Ǵսʤ˰Ȼʻ룬Ƿ˽󴬻٣뺣ס
Ķײ֮УҶɫ԰ס
֪֪ԼУһѾ׼һ׼ǿУ˱޿ܡԼûа֮ģҲ㹻˽⣬ҪʤֻƾԵ
δﳬ֮ǰΣѣҿ
ûУ
ǳףǿ֮һѵڴʱȴᱻΣѻ
ᣡ
ȷ޵аǿߣȴҲĥҵ似ڰٳ߸ͷһ
ĿŹâͻȻһ֣տԨʯȴַɳʥ·ʯת裬·ҹеķһ㡣
һ֣Ƿǰʥ·ʯȺʱΪһŭΣֱսȥȻ¦տԨʯʣʥ·ʯ˳öֱȫѹ飬ȫ뵶֮У
һ֮֮ǰʮ౶
ʥ֮еһŻӦʱһ±øΪ޴ʥ֮Żӿȴ·Ǵ󽭾̣󺣺Х
ޱȵسʥʥ߻֮£ȫ뵶ƣöʥ·ʯ΢֮ϡ
ʱնƵĵƶȻһ䣬·Ծţһ仯ɹȥСһ±Ϊ춯صΰַ·ѩɽͻȻıǰȴΪĻ֮ݺ£
ģȻʱȴҲ͸˾֮ɫ̲סȻҪ𣿾Ȼʥ֮ٷ䣬Щʥ·ʯΪ壬ʥ֮ѹҲԳܲ𰡣Ҫͬھ𣿡
Ȼ֮ȴǴһȭ͵ؼֻȭŵյƺݺݴȥ
ȭ׹
ȭһʱҶһͬͭ˾ףŵҵغȥȭ֮֮ңȴ·ܽ磬Ļȫ÷飬ø߸ϵǳ׹ء
ǿҵȭƣ籩һӿȴţ뺣һ㣬ڵ֮бòӰǵƻ£ɽѹоһɾϢԼ
ƴˣзųâλϣͻȻһ
ӿתԽܳܵļޡ
Ҫƴˣ
ʱƺܻһеĵƣȴͻȻɢ
˲ɶһ˵
ֻһᵶ
Ҷ㡣
ʱɫҰףϢ˥ȫ˺ۡ
սҲȣб˵档
ҶְϾ΢ھ֮ҡͷһ̾Ǻοࣿ
ʹԼ޷Ƶڽ֮֮ǰѹˣһλ߾


300 ֮
ϧǿϧҶ㣬Ȼһ̾
һ֮ƣ춯أҲ޵ֵİգ˲һֻͷľΪԼһ֮УҶͬھ
ɸппȻᴴҶһ˲䣬ΪԼͬھеο
ɲ֮䣬һ˲仯ű֮ĵȴӭ
пǧǿߣȴվıԵֻѾ̤Ԩ֮С
Ϊϧ
䣬Ƿһһ˲䣬ʡ
˶Ҷ㣬ȴһûκҪ֮ƣӶı˴һָӵΪʩչһ𺳣δʩչһϧ
ǿߵУҲΪ֮ݣҲ塣
Ҷ㾲ţ·׻ľʱܺȻ¡
һֻ״̬֮УƮԭҰ֮ڣ
ʥԭҰ֮зţһƬǽ塣ЩħݻСħȫʥ֧飬ɼǵʬ塣
ǹͬˮһ㣬ϮԭҰÿһأϿյħ֮ħҲ⡣Ĵ󳱣Ҳǳײȥ
Ҷ֮ش󣬷·һλ꣬ƮƮȻλȴƺһ֧ţɢҲᱻʥɣǲ϶㿪Խ֮ʥȴЩ΢Сʥ֮һ΢Сʥ̲塣
ϣħǵĹâҫţ·ǵΪҶָŷ·ħ֮еħ׺ţϻֿʥʹܳ𣬹Լħǡ
һħ磬˿˿Ҷ壬øӼʵȴָΪƮݡ
ɽȹ̣ȴ鶯ʥ֮дУ׳Լģ֮ȴʶҶһִηѵ״̬£¿Լ
̫ˡšһĳɹʩչһҿ϶ҲҪͬھ
ʥжһ𣿡ͷħ֮磬Ǽħ磬˵šҪ𣿡
ûлشֻħ˿˿ƶ塣
лˣţ͵ʥڸʹֱȥ
ʵ֮еȴţϢ΢·ʱȥ
ϧǿϧһλ˹̲סҡͷ̾Ϣ벻½оȻǿӢţϧȴڴˡ
ۼһУȴǵĴҡһλ˵ֻ½ռţӰպĽһԸܴ˵ܰٳ߸ͷһҲδ֪
һġһλ˵
ҶְϾ΢Ҷ㣬鼫Ǹӡ֮УҽһΪǿУȴҲֻһΪѣղߵ󡣽һ̳ʧ֮ηζ
ϧҶ㣬̲סҲ̾Ŀָֻܿ˼ᶨҶȥ
ппȴΪҶĬҶ϶Ͼ΢Ҫر
£һȴҶԹӰһ֮䣬ȴޱѩӰͻȻ֡
ȴޱʹĿռ֮Ӳ籮֮ͻƶ
˿Ҷ㣬ѩӰɷһ֮˱̲סҪһ֮ͬᡣ
ŭصɴ۾𣺡ҪΪ᲻ǵĶǾɱˣǿ죿ӵ˸ǿ֣ȴһ㲻֪ܵĶƴҲҪΪҶ㱨𣡡
Ҫɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ޱȫˮ˫Ѿͨ졣ţӿ·ҪҲ֮С˲䣬͵سغˮѹ֮£ŰԨֱ֮ȥ
ȻʱףϾ΢ޱһ
һХѩӰҲӿ𣬾ȻҲΪŭʹڣٽһף
ʱޱѩӰȴ˽ʱı仯ôųֱɱ
УѩӰצ𣬺ˮʱצӰصΧޱһ֣ѾݺݹȥͬʱһƮзһߣȥ
Ҳɱǡ΢΢ҡͷ֮ͭӰУ͵һȭʱˮбֻһͭȭӰצӰƮȫȭӰɢ飬Ҳһȭ֮üɶˤԶ
ȭӰײޱѩӰĽ֮ϣȻҲбǿֲδʹһһȴֻǱɳȥˤڵϣ֮
ɣУѪ˫ۣſҧȥ
С㲻ҵĶ֡һһ֣ʱһֻ޴֣֮ͭһ±סʺ
ƴţȴܰѡ
𣿡һλ߾ֵֹšѹҲϾ΢ӣԭ⻤Ȼǿֵز½ˣȻС
Ҫˡ
ͻȻϢ΢Ҷ㻺̧ͷͳؿ˿ڡ
ȻͳȴһĵȻҲһ̲סɿơǾʱʧ˲ѣæλҶԡ
ޱѩӰҲҶߡ
Ҷ֡Ͼ΢Զڡɡұֻ֤Ҫ㽻Ҳ׽֣㣬ֱȫָ֮ǰκ˶һָͷ
˵ȴҪлˣҶ㵭һЦ
硭ޱҪǰסԼǿǿȴǰὫҶײˡ
Ȼʱףǻʱ򡣡Ҷ㿴ޱѩӰЦݡƺҲûʸ˵ǰɡ
δ䣬һȴʱ
ֱϣ޾庣ˮѹƲһ·϶ȥ
ںˮѹ֮£ޱѩӰĽȴδܴﵽԨ֮ϣƽƽɢҶȴͬ˰Ԩغˮֱﺣ棬Ȼƿնֱȥ
ʲôЦһλȻӣ۾ɵüҪۿ
⡭ʱȻȻˣһλ߾
Ҷ㣬ȸ֣˴˾Ҳɴס֮еҶ㣬ȴ֪˵ʲôźá
Ͼ΢Ҳȫסˡ
ҶѾ֪֮⡣޷һ˽֮ˣȻͻȻͻƣһס
ǲܰ쵽£Ҷȴô쵽ģ
㵣Ȼ֪롣
оһ־޴ѹоҶ󽥽ߴԼһӣշƱ仯ĴǰȴԵС
׽֣ͻȻдŷͿ־֮ɫ֮ǰҶΪˣΪֵľȫʧʣµֻǾš
ٳɳȥУ̫ˣ̫ˣţ˵ǵļƻưܣ
Ҳ뷨һҧǰȥͭӰٴνΪͭľˣ̤ףһ𶯡
ңޱѩӰţҶǰǲһеط
ЩСˣֵҶϣٺƽһսŭצ䣬ʱһצץȥ
ҲֻһȭǾצʱͱ֮ͭȭ÷顣
޷ҶʱȴһЦ
Ϣޣ˥ѲӰ
ʥ֮໤ң죡
һռӿޱѩӰ󷽣Ҷȴǳǰ
ұһ·ȥԡ
һȭ
ȭ𣡡


301 һ˵
ˮˡ
ֻһֻͭȭն𣬴Ļ֮ӿ
ȭӰǵأѹķҶƺһȭͬǽһͬ÷顣
ǿҶ㻺ͷȻѾ߽ףԾǿޱȣƥСȻΪ֣
ˣȴͣս͵ػ𣬴ޱߵƣķ˲ͽǾȭΧڵ֮Уи
δǵʵһиȭȭ߽֧飬Ż֮ն֮ʱͭȭȴںȻѣը㡣
ƺһסΣžȻѾܴ
ҶϵݣҲȶһйâһʱʱҵض˼£ʧ
ȴӾʹĹ̼٣ǰɡ
޽ʱѹƣҶֻоһɡڵħƽϢȴ类բסĺˮһ㣬Ȼƽȴһеľ޴һբš򿪣ʱ֮ƣûء
ƽȴ˸е־
֮ǰҶָоָоȴʧˡ򶨣·Եֻһͨˡ
֪߽׵ԼѾﵽһȫµľ֮СȥԼΪսʤ֮ǿߵˣڿҲˡ
ֻԼһ㣬Ѫ⣬˶ѡ
߽֮֮΢΢üҶ㣬˲𡣽ٳɳֻ¼е֡
磡ޱϲѩӰ˷
ǺúýסҶһЦתػǡ
ģҲ˷ܵĹâһͷޱѩӰ࣬ӿ֮䣬ع۲ķ
Ҷǰ׽նľ޴ѹôʹﵽֻ߽֮Ǿ绹Ҫ̣Ҫ׽ˡ
ˣҪ̫ü֮ͭӰţһȭҶȥ
ˮӿռҲ
ǿšҶһЦս𣬵ӰݺķûǧռӰ˲浶ơ
ȭ뵶ڿײһ졣һȭһֵںˮдսת֮䣬ѾϰС
Ӱ֮䣬֮ͭɢȭ·Ǳ޸ľһһʴƻüͷ壬ȴ˺һӿǿ֮ͭӰ
ֽսΧĺˮռȫǾҵ֮ʹ߾ֺˣƴЩ类Ҷûˣʱ־֮£һѪС
ޱѩӰȴһġǽǾ޴һҲ˲ǡ
Ͼ΢ɫ԰ףƾͼĻһˡ
ָо޷սʤҶ㡣
ѾҶ֣Լʱ֣ƴȫҲҪҶɱ
ȭڽ֮УԽԽңҲڣüǼĿ⣬ȻХҶҲطХ
սֱ£Կ֮ն䣬ȴܣ߾ֱۣ֮ͭ۵ֵײһҫ۵Ļ𻨣ͭʱһĿĵĵۡ
ƣһУ˷һ̤ǰһֻȭȻҶšҶƺһ󼲳ʱ첽ϣһȭ
ҶȴսһӣҫĺˣŴȴһĵۡ
ʹ죡Ҷ㳤ХһǰսͻȻ鶯·ӣһ߰ζŻ
úãһ޴ξȻҲӳݵ֣ڵӰ֮߶ܣʱ
һײײ𻨡
Ҷ㣬ò˵㽻ʵ£ϾȻֳЦݣЦУ͵һҶȴ֪Ϊǰ
޴ۣȻһȣˮ粨ݣҶɨҶĿһſڴһ
ͬӶײ˹ȥײˮʱˮڡ
ȭ׹
֮ͭӰһʱ亣ȴȫ޴ȭӰȭ糱ƺ󺣶ͬȭ֮С
նƣ
Ҷ㽫սһӣ䣬ȴǧöʯ籮зӶ˵֮С
Щʯڰǿռ䷨֮УҶ㲢ǵãȴͨ߾֮ڣ֪ȴʥ·ʯͬʥ·ʯȫ˷ǲʯٵһУȴһöʣ⺣ʯȴСɽô֮࣬
ʱãʱ
˲䣬ĺʯɢʥ·ʯһǿʥ֮ǵŻʱʳʥ֮ϣʹҶ㽫һĵƷӵ˼ޡ
֮䣬ٲǷҵͭȭӰȴֻһĨâ˲仮һУ·ķͬʱָ·ҲһΪ
һĨâӹˮҲʱֿռҲѺۡ
һĨâҫʱһ˱ᣬһпռ䶼ս
õ
һȴһĨâ֮·ͭڵâ֮·糾һѪ꣬һ֮ʧȥʶˤ󷽡
׽Ͼ΢һеȥһ½ڻСûаͣһסʱչͼͼУ֮սʿɱ糱Ҷȥס˲ʹݷʧ١
֣´ټԸಫɡҶҡͷ̾һսջأһȭȴʱұȭΪȭ꣬Щսʿ
㵱նж飬Ҳǻó׵ס´ٶҳ֣ͲҪˡҶ㵭
ʱޱѩӰϵѾɢҲ˽ӿŸǿҲųһʡ
λߣҶ㣬ȴҲܡ
ҶӡһλԥţҶһ֡ˡ֮ǰ֮ȻΣϾδ֡һȻк񱨡
˼æͷ빫ˡ
ɱģվδҶ֣пˡ֮Ҷ㿴ǣͷֻȴҪʵʵһУ򣬱顣
һһ˼æͷ
Ҷһָȴʥħط˰Сʥ߻֮Уʥħع밵ѭ˷ֱڲ֮ͬλȻţӦʥħй밵޴ȴ˺ǣ㲻ҷ
ʣ𡣡Ҷʥħ֮Уһλǰ
ǣ߼æͷ
һѯˡҶ˵㻰м٣ұز㡣
ʵħ֮ȻɷֱԷ٣ǰŷұиʵ۷ˣ޷ֱα֮ȴ̫д
ңæ˵
һ֮ҶʡǼֶĹ֮
۹ɡԷ˵
۹Ҷ㲻ЦˡɵúܣĶ߾ȴС
ʲôһ
֮ǰһ㣬֮¡Ҷ˵
빫ӿ빫ˡŵò֪˵ʲôźˡ
Ҫž۲ѡҶ˵ʵңʲôָѰʥźټ
ȻǴŮ˵ŮѾ½еĸֽˣͬѰʥźֺɼ
֪Щ½˶ǺˣҶʡ
˵½ϵһ˵һĽĦ棬һиʵ۷һ˾ͽɣ⻹мˣȴ֪֡
أҶʡ
Գԥ֮ɫ


302 ˫
ҶɫһҪзʣȴͻȻӦһϤȻԼΧ
΢һüʱʥħĿһ䣬㿴һ޿ռ䣬ĵޱѩӰȥȴƾ֪Ķݷ͵Ϯǡ
޳СԣȴضҪɱ㣡
һֵһץʱ۳һֻ֣ſռֱץǴ޿ռ䣬һ½ץ÷顣
һռ䣬㽫һץУȴŷұ
һȥһֱڰ޿ռ￴֣ʱȻسҶʥħѯʱҪޱѩӰ֣ȴҶ㶯ŭ
Ǵ͵ŷұʱҽУֶҶ㣬ûдģֻǲޱΪͻȻ뵽۲ѣûд⣬Ҫɱң
ҿ͸㻰٣ҲٿҶһĿɱ⣬ǴȴյøŷұҽУһѪ
ʱһȴͻȻ𣺡˴ˣһ·ǸԼһᡣҶ㣬Ҫôݣ
˲䣬һӰӶ޿ռ֮һѳʮͣòãüĿһֵ֮ɫӿ䣬ԼȴɢһԵʮֹ졣
һ֣üıһۣһߣֱǺ۵ľ֮ϡʱƣɢ˺ӿߣŷұһѳۣƴȥ
ǺˣҶĿˣ䷢ʡ
˫˰Ȼ
û˵Ҷҡҡͷ
˵Σû˵Σ˫ЦҶ㣬ʵȷʵףȻﵽ˳߽ףȴҲûʲôýġ߽ǿߣȻУҲǷëǡ
ʦǿߣŷұʹţߴ١
˫ȴһЦ˲޴󰭣üҽΡᣬʰСӡߣɳĮʱǸδ볬ͨˣȴ̤볬߽֮Ǹ
˫Ц˫ĿһЦʲô
ˡ̾˿ǸոոϵûһսԲԣ
ʲôһս˫ü
ʦ㲻Ķ֣ߣŷұȴˣѹߴ١
˵ʲô˫ɫһ䣬ѵɥ˵ΪʦĶ֣ߣ
һ֮䣬ȴͻȻûֱӶݺݻǰĿռ䣬ռȫŤ
һΪɱ硱ŷұҲҶʹù֮£˫ŷұ似зȴ֮һ˫ʹ渺𡰽硱֮
ȭһǰռ価ŤңƬĺ֮ŤһֲУЩֺ϶Ϊһһһеľ޴УǰȭŤռһҶݺײȥ
Ҷ㣬һǰ㲻ҲҪһƤ˫Ц
𣿡Ҷ΢΢ҡͷҲû̫ʱġ
˵֮䣬ͻȻ̧һƣȴδʹսֻһӰӰתۻʥ߻ֱдİ˵Ťռȥ
סУ͵һȭһȭƽƽ棬ȴأһȭ֮ȻǾ޴һ´Ťҡȭǰȥȴһȭ֮˵Ťռȫƣ
ôôǿ˫Ҫ֮ʣȴ뵽ŷұֻ֮ӲͷƤһȭ
˴֮㣬֮е֣ͻȻ֮ȫγصķȻһ֮Уʥ߻һȭǷ֮ϣƵʱ
ҲֻǼѡƬ֮ȭȴͻ֣֮ϣƺУ˫Ӿ𵴣ȴѪˮ
Ϻ˼ŷұȫסʥ߻ȭǣȴˡ
ʦӰŷұش
Ҷ㣬պڣʱٱ֮𣡡˫һҧͻȻųһҶײȥ
Ҷָֻʥ߻ǰأһȭͻ֮ơһ֮ʱûǧͬռĻþҶС
СסҡҶһЦ籮֮ؿռʱɢ顣
ʱٿΧȴѾ˫ŷұ˵Ӱ
һʦͽ֪̫࣬ȴǽ⿪һʵĹؼܷǡҶŰԨϷȴͻȻһ֣ʥħؽ⿪
ʱλ߶ǰ
ޱĹ֮Ҷޱһͷޱʱлطų֪ԼƵȴܷӵޣֱҶߣҶָӡ
ҶҲħӿ֮У񷢳Ĺ֮ʱӰΪֻĹλ߷ȥЩȻֿȴһ˸ֻǽڡ
ȷǾȻԼԭҰԼס˲Ŵһ
áҶ˵ԭЩҪǣҪ£ȴ̸ҪסҲɱǣȴҪΪҰ¡ǻȥȻŮ֮ѰʥźټһҪʱͨԭҰеĹ֪ͨҡǲҪ֮ģǶԭҰеĹ֣ʱ֪ʱ˲Ϣȡ
ǡǣսսæͷ
λҶʡ
£һλһ֡
ˡҶ˵Ķ۹ɵĶ߾ڶҵСгһܸžۣҪúΪЧ𣿡
һ֮ɫȴ˵֡
Ұ£ٻǡҶתһ֣ռ֮ȴޱѩӰ˲ջ籮֮Уʹ޶ݷһգ۱ʧӰ١
Զݶȥ֮λ߲ųسһ˾ȻЩѣһµڰԨס
οǵùһλ߸̾ţʲôûõȴƽױʹ˵ū
һλߴͷɥ˵ҶʹʲôĹҲǿһʹܽǻ٣ҶжǿǿĿãֻҲһսʤΥֻ·һ
֣֡һλȴˡǶλʵǿߣǿǣȴǵͷ£˵ô죿
ô죿ɿЦһҶӶУô죿
ҿǵʲôΣաһ󿪿ڡûʲôѴŮ֮£ȴҪǼѰʥźŮìܡǵ£ֻǵʱ֪ͨһǡĹԭҰй֪ͨ
԰һλߵͷ˵ȷʵΣա
ֻ֮Ҫô죿һԥ
ʵҪǳ֣Цһû˶֮ʱֻһˣȴҪͬæ𣿴һˣܷ磬ľǿнʱ߰ɣﶺǺ£һʲôǰͲðˡ
˷׷׵ͷæߡ
ʱҶȴڰ֮⡣ƾ޻ӡ׵Ժˮзֱ˫Ϣ˳Ϣһ·׷٣⺣ԽԽԶȴǵ½֮ϡ
ӹĴ½˫ȴŷڤȥ
Ҷ̲סԼһս֮ʱ˵Ǿ仰
ɳĮʱǸδ볬ͨˡ
ɳĮ֮У
սԪףųżɳĮޣ
ҶĿһʱ̫ãȴһ֮ˡѵ˵ż˫йأ


303 ޹ű
һ·׷٣˫ȴȻ˷ڤɳĮ֮Уӹɳ磬һ޴
գҶ㱻սƭ˴ǻþ֮УЩ԰ΣǷԼħǵҲ޷ƿǻþҲֻ÷̽˵ص뷨ʱã·࣬ȴϻһط
˵ȴֽǣ˴˴ȴ̲סп
ԵһӲ㲻ȴְδ˵ء
ֻǴʱ뵱Ѿ֮ǻþǷסң
һЦǻþ˫ΪȻסңסڵң
ת֮䣬˸й٣סԶ޿ռзɶݵ˫ֻӦǰĻþ֮УȴδӰ죬ֱӽޡ
Ҷһֱʹöݷ޿ռƶôʵþӰأ
ǰȥһ·þ֮УȴǺ޸оֱ˹ȥޡ
˫ޣһΰǱżǰѳ޿ռ䣬ŷұ첽롣Ҷȴֱ޿ռƶǱ
ǱΰѾʴƲ֮ʱʢޱȣұ۰һ֮أ򲻻ὨׯϺΰ
ǱӣѾķ֮ãڲȴ浹ֵüãƺһֱ˴ӡ
Ǳ֮ڣһȴ޿ռ䣬ҶĿռǿޱȣκãֻԸ˫ֻǱص顣
ڵ˵֮ʱӦв֮ڣָоǿҡ˵ǲ֮Ƿʲô飬ֻǿ֣ȴҲΪֻ½侪
ѾǵͨķΪ߽׸֣ڵǿ֣֮˵Ǳǿޣֻ¸Ӧ˵ʱߣǱòʧˡ
ѳ޿ռ䣬Ϣȴͽ
ʱһǴΰıǸ񣬿̵üǾ£Լǽһ¡Ǹ֮е࣬ò˴ͬС죬һֹ֮УҶֱ䲢ࡣ
ʲôҲ˵壬ֻƺϹʱһ֧ʲô壬ӦѾ֮˰ɡ
֮Уޣθ࣬ʽһ㡣ǸߣȴһȺչս
Ҷ㿴̲ספ㲻ǰϸشЩ
еĹ£ȴЩ֮˴ս֮¡Щ֮ǿȴԵֵսգгǿߣ֮ط붯ѹЩ֮ˣȴЩ֮¾
ЩޣԶɽ֮Уٲ֮УԴɽΪ˴˲
ҶоⲢֻһ񻰹£ǼϹ֮ʱһսЩʲôˣҶĿȴЩòָвͬԼԿһЩ޵Ӱӡ
ѵѵϹ֮ʱн֮һ壿
˼֮ʱȴ죬һɶߵİͻȻ򿪣ߴһɡսʿųսʹǹǰл߳ڵ۶֮УͻȻųʣĦĲҽУһҶ˹
Щսʿϣ⼣߰ߣʾѾΪԶЩۼȴûܽʱ֮С񣬵ٶ֮ʱؽڴЩ⼣׷䣬˿ܶӰ졣
սʿȻйâһ֮ȴӿ˳ǿ߲ܴﵽϢҶ㲻΢΢һ漴¶ϲɫ
Ǽõķͷ͵һ֣ʥħʱսʿȫС
Щսʿ׺Ȼ֮Уȴȫη壬Ħ֮ӶеͷųȻ밵ƿʥħɱ˳
ŶҶ΢оȣΪսʿʹõ֮УȻ˼ĿռɼӵмǿĹȻҲӵпռԡ
Ǻö
ǿ󣬵ϧȴҶĸ֣ǿҲκ塣
ּ䣬ʥ߻ӶȭȥսʿʱڵϣҶ΢΢һЦһڣһƬʥħֹսʿУʥ߻ֱʥħ֮ڣԾ޴߶ⰵ֮սʿѹ
սʿҪʥ߻ѹ֮£ѣ
Ҷص˵ͷ
˴εջν޴Ŀռ䷨һйˣŵﶼ
ʱҶȴһסˡ
ľڴڲֻһףԼɢһϸӦȴӦҶҲȡѹսʿ֮ʣȫ֣ʹйע⵽
ǰһԾץ֮ȹΣ˾롣봦һСС裬渡һʯǴʯɢġ
ҶһץʯУɲǼ䣬һ촫ʯȴһҲܲסֱɢȴ¶һźɫĹâ
ǹâůȴһ泩ĸоҶ֮£ħעУʱӦһİݣȴû˿һŹâҶڡ
˳ߣܿԭҰ֮УͻȻ䱬ȴһƬâɢ
Ҷ㲢δܣΪӦû˿Ķ⣬෴ɢ֮ʱԼȴоһƬůԼԭҰƺøӼ̣͸С
һһΪ֮ġȴΪһ淨һźǷҲһķӣȴԭҰΪһ壬ӹԭҰԣ
Ȼ䣬ȴջ񣬾ȵطһŹâȻΪԭҰעĪʹԭҰӰ׳
˵׳ȴԣڱϣȻʹһˡ
ʱ£񣬽ۿҪɢ̱ԭҰĹâ£ѹһůĺ⣬Сĵػţȴչ
ޱʹãٽսʿںϣޱʵǰһ󲽣ǿ֮Ҳռһϯ֮أֻܶ籮ˡ
뵽˴ϲȴǺСĵղ͵ħ֮С
ħ֮Уħ缤һźΧСĵػħȻȻ죬ȴº
ɣ
ͻȻ䣬һӰ֮г֣һץʱǧٵռѺССĵ֮оۼҶͬʱϮ·ǧٵУҪ˲ָɳ
Ҷ֮ǰûиӦϢʱͻȻͻϮһʱǿޱȣȻ·ִ٣Ҳ޷ӦһηСһսȴʹȱ͵Ϯ֮
УԾԶͬʱһȭʱкħȭӰ֣һִѪɫײǧٵռѺ֮ϡ
֮Уȴ籮еĺƵռ֮һ֮£Χռ֮
ǧٵռѺʱ£һ°Χ֮ϣи֮£Ȼѣʹ֮ɢ
ЩռѺۣҲľɢ١
ף͵Ϯ߲أڿУɻҶ㡣
Ѿˡ֮ġӦԭҰӹ֮ʧȥƲŶԣôж磿
ҶʱȻأſˣһ
ľȣһɫף볣죬ɫȴѩɫ༫ǿȴ볣в죬Ͽ̵Щơڴ˵ı󣬾ȻչһԺʹС
ǺˣҶѹסоȣʡ


304 
Ҷ㣬˵ֻǺҶȴϸӦ˵
޵ͬϸֱ棬Ҷȴȵط־Ȼ˵ϢЩơ
֮ˣô½֮ϡ
ȴ뵽鼮мصġ
Ҷ㡣УҶ㣬ͷ˫ʱ˵ֱò˼飬һֻǰֱʣȴʵ顣
㾿ǺˣҶʡ
ұˡ˵˵ҵ֣ǧǰ£ȴֻ¾֪ˡңةһţս֮ʡ
Ȼ
Ҷȴ̲סΧǱϸ
̵Ĳ񻰣Ҳǹ£ѪܵʵةĿипҲгޡǾԶĹȥ֮ɱս
ˡҶ˵
ǵġةͷȻǿΪǰֻֻ֣̫ӴȻǿ϶ʳ󰡣
̾ţ޾˸С
ұΪֻ񻰴˵СҶ˵˿ȴһս塣ֻǡ˵ǧǰ¡徹Ȼô
ֻʥҲӵɣةҡͷһЦڹʱƽ٣ȴδܱǧǰһ˵Ļᣬȴڱ֪ǵļƻȫΧˣʮ壬ȴֻʣ±һˣʱʮλʹӡӡֱǰڻԵɺ֮½⿪ѣػ
Ҫ壿Ҷʡ
壿ةҡͷһ֮⣬ȴѾһܻޣȴܳ뺣½ұк棿ѵɱ½壬ֻʣһ˻½ܼį
˵һˡҶЦ
ȻةͷҲãҲãֻβͬȴǻ壬βܹѳ񻰴˵֮ǧ겻壬˵ޡٶȳҲ˺ɱȴô˵㣬Լʱɨ½ͳһɾȣ֮
׷ıҶʡ
ةЦˣʲôʥͲ֮ǧأǧ֮һΪޣʥȻ뷲ʥΣǻ۵ĵطеλͬиߵ͹йĶǡΪηҪʥȥǿභ֮ⷲӵѹ֮ܣķͳ£˵ġΪףΪţ󡯡
˻ʵȴҰοҶ˵ʿѵĹ£
ȴʲôةʡ
һֻ꣬ĽԺѣ˿ؼϣȴ޷͵áۼѳ죬ԺƷζſˮ˵ʲôѶģҶ㻺ԡ
µ˼ةЦҲɣҲұһֻòѵĺꡣ
ŭҶȴΪɵ֪ȷһϲŭĲ֪Ǵԡ
Ҷ㡣ةЦݣ档˫ŷұͶߣҴõĪĺô⿿ǣȴܳɵô¡ұɱ֮ģʱ㽻ȴһѵ˲ţɸı⡣Ͷңҿһ뽭ɽΣ
ʣ׷֮ȴͬҶ㻺ҡͷߣ˵ǹ̩ףԶ˵޸ʥ򡣶´ȨѹķҲȤ
Ϊǿߣα˼ةҡͷʥ֮УҲ뷲һˡ
ұþǱ޳֮ˡҶĳҶ˵ʥҲ֪һɾȴ׼
Ȼ֪ɾΪһҪةʡ
ֻΪսңϽҶݶ𡣡ǲԽһ߷壬ɾҡսʤң˲塣Ҫʥ򣬲ΪܵԶİֻ֣Ϊһ߷ߴȥʥ֮ϻұزǰһ·ϡҵ׷󡣡
һ׷󡯡ةͷԽ˵ұԽ֮ġҶ㣬֮ǰߡ̡ԭֻΪ̽һö֮ġ֮һʱʧȥж֮÷ҳֻɱɱ֮Щȴ㡣ǡ
ҲӦҶһЦҲỹ⼸ΪԵжҵսƷ
ҪΪУةʡ
ҪΪУһֱΪСҶ٩٩̸ŷұƺң˫ҳ֣ٵ㷽ŵ͵Ϯ˵һС
ҿ㡣ةԲԸʵǸ߷壬Ǻãǰ·һһѣʵ֮ʱ˳ңкβɣ
ͬΪıҶ㵭ȻӦ
Ϊã֮СةҡͷǾУֻܶɱ֮
΢Ц·˵һƽ֮£ȴͻȻһץʱ𵴲ݵĿռ䣬һɢϢҶͬʱѹ
ռ֮УҶ˿Ҵ⡣ܸӦةȴԶ˫֮ϣԶԶسԽԼֻǣʱ֪֣Ϊӡǧ꣬ʹԻָת糣ȴ֮ܽȫӳ
䲻ȫӣڡڡڣһС
һָ̧֣һ֮䣬ʥħطӶ˲𵴲ݵĿռ䶼У밵תͬĥһĥһĿռ䣬֮ѹ顢ơ
һ밵֮ѭתķةͷһ֮䣬ʱݺᣬתۻûһֻ޴սһն˹ֱƿʥħأҶݺݿȥ
һſ֮ƣȻ£ɵ
ּ䣬սҶСǿľ޸˿ΪܣӭǰȥսӴʮâݺҫնǾ޸֮ϣ̼佫޸ָ顣
һն鱻ɢ
һʱɢһʥĿռ֮ȴݺἤةΧ
õة̾ӢۣȻǾ䡣ֻϧһУϷңȴҲֻѱӸҫ۵Ĺâˡϧ
ҡͷ֮ʣȴĹâһԺ֮һĺӿţ˲ɢȴ缲ڿлûһԼةϵıüΪ䣬˫һ֮ʣʱ£˫֮ϡ
ǧǰǿһ֣֮Ҫһˡة̾Ϣ䣬̧˫֡
ӴĺʱѾ۰Сţ֮ͣУһϣźںһ漴
Ƽ伲ȴɽ緢ʱһ׳ۡЩ˲ûһƬأû飬ֻһ׳ɽ͵ޣ·صһ㣬ӭҶ㱼۶
أ
УȻ뵽һƬ֮УƬر˲ɢΧУ·ةԾֱһϹ֮һ㡣Щɽ޵ĳѺۣ·ʱ
ҶȥǸӦ˾޴ѹѹǰȴǽսһΣսħ籮뵶Уʥʥʥһ
նƣ
һХУҶӵӭ


305 ͼ
һ֮ƣķ޿ƥСֻһޱߵʱһֻֻɽ޷ɳһʧ
âӹةˣȻұܹâನɨϣȻ֮ϷҵĦ֮һʱѺۡ
ǵನ֮һնУҪǣة¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǧǰȣô˾޴󣿡
֮Уüˣȴһ̲ͣԥʹݷ
ĵ֮УҲѲܱãʱķѵص
Ҷ㵱ȻЩʯ׹Ӧȫةʱʹ޶ݷӳֱ׷ȥ
ǵССĹű֮أһȻ˱һڡ
Ǵװλ£·½һ㣬һ߽ףŻƽȴĽһ㡣ةɵ֮ǰ̧һץһĿռʱӿȴһĿռϷɣһǿռл¡
ⷨ£ΧĿռȴ˸оԼ·׹һ㣬׷ҶֻԼĲ֮У·ǵ̶֮һ㣬жţ硣
㾹ȻܱƵҶáͼҶ㣬ձڴ˴Ҳ֪ˡةҶ㣬̲ס̾ɱ˲ţҵһҫȴҲҵһźҶ㣬һ䡪ǷԸ˳ңҹ£
һ䡪ͬΪıҶ˵
һ˵һ߿ةһ
һͼɫƣʽӣһǾԶŴ֮ͼɢһһǿ֮УҶȴãͼл̺ʲôһֱѹ֮ţǲԸΪ˷
ãһ䣬ұҲźˡةͷ˫ֽͼס
ϹžʣҾߺһ˫Ϻӿȴǡͼ֮Уʱͼϱһƣ·һҪз
ǣɱУ
УһӰǺзӭ˲仯ɶߵһʣſҶֱһƻΧʱޱߺڰڰ֮ȴһΪҫۣȴһ¡
¹أ֮üžΧĿƺҲҲƺҪ˯ˡ
һֻϮҶ㣬ȴƤ̲ס´ȥ˲䣬һųһ⣬ֱ˻¹⡣漴սһӶ𣬴ĵâնʡ
һһ±ʱѣʵҲһΪڼХлźƣžͼȥͼϵĺ֮С
ʻƣɱУ
һȣǺһӰӭ㳤һɶߵʣֻһλȴŮӣƮ֮䣬ĵЦ磬˹֮Ϊ֮ԣΪ֮٣ҪԼ˭ԺηҪȥδ
ȴԺһƬհף˹ȥܲ񣬸֪Ϊδ
ݵãһûħǵĹâҫ֮£ҶޱѣŮʣҶûаϧֻ֮ǵһ
ֻһ㽫Ҳֱնźơ
ֶΡةͷϹ֮ʱǿ֮ȻҲ㣬ǵһҲΪˡʰ¡ĴʺɱУ
һΣȻгλϹʵ֣ǾͼУǷĵӰĸʣһҶÿһλϣޱߵ˿Ҷ㣬Ҫס
ĴϹ֮ͬСɣͬʱӳҶȴоԼȻѹúѡ
ͼʵһȴ£Ĵȴ˳Բ
Ŀһս͵ػȴʹնơöʯ౻˹ֱӷ뵶ơ
кʯ壬о޴ʥ뵶ƺһ֮þ춯أ֮£ɲǱλʵǽǵһն֧飬Σ˺ƹȥ
ةʱɫһ䡣
һ֮ԱȻһǷҶʹһѡ
ΪҶҲǷһĳ̶ȣڿҶ㾹Ȼֶοȴ
ôȻǿֵزü˫һ¿ǽҺˡԷӡڻָ֮УָܻҶȽɫȻҷУǲǼ֮¡ȫȴĶ֣ѵδɣҪ֮أ
У
һҧ͵ط𣬺ӿ˾ͼ
˹¡˼ʷ̺￡ϯáʺա٣ʻšʶ࣬ɱУУȻһκʮλʵ֣ͼʱʮλʣһӭ糤ɶߣԱĿⶢסҶ㡣
ɢֹɽһҶѹ޴ѹҶֻʱԼ̧һֱۣҪļ˵ӵǽսˡ
壡ʱһλʾȻ˵䣬ɱǾȻǵɱǵǵʮѪ
壬ƾʲô֮ͬϣһλʿ˿ڣ岻Сϣˣɱ壬ģ
ɱ壡һʿ˿ڣ飬ëȻ
λʣɱУة˫ֲƺסͼ̲סҪָЩɱС
ʣߣ˭ңһλʴһȴةҡΣ˫۷˷ŭĺɫǴʣ͵ԸһǲϹ浱ԼǲһĻ𣿱ڴˣǶ
Уӿ˾ͼС
һδةɫøˡ
֮ǰķɫѩףһָ߹֮Уʱİףȴ˸оһ·ǴеĲһ㡣ɼһȴƴ
ɲ֮䣬ƴʱʮλʾ֣ǵĿͬʱһȴһ¶ʧȥ֮ǰԣͬһ㣬Ű壬ֻɱ⡣תҶ㣬ͬʱӭҶȥſơ
ʱǵƼȴǻ˸ֲͬҶ
ʮͬʱ֣֮ǿֱ춯ءҶȴɶס˾ͼ
ǼöȻܷųȾ޴ȴԸолһɾة޷֮ӳ֪ͼлһ
֮ᵽ֣һҪ֮ᵽ֣
Ҳŷұ˫ة֮ǰʹɱֵı
Ҷ纮ҹһĹâӿظӣеսصǶȣγȫơ
ǧöʯ籮˳޴ֱѹ÷飬˵֮С
ʥӿ֮£һ֮ƣʱ׳Ҷ͵طһȣǰ֮ʣһݺն
һʱеɢ·ǿ쵶նһ㣬ʮȫն˺ƹӿ
ܣةֱ֣ͺǷۼʱıһ㡣
ֲţҲšۿԼ㾡ȫٻʮʣ˲һ֮·飬ۿһƬĵһԼȴΪ
ģֻһҧؽͼӭŵͬʱԼƴȫʹݷӶȥ


306 رͼ
ةľٶȴȫҶԤ֮ڡ
ʹٻʮλʵةѾӽıԵҪֿնƵֱ졣
նһеĵƣȴֻһѡ񡪡Ծͼֿ
ⷨãûҲǺ塣֮ʣһȫƾܣȴԶֱӵıܡ
ĵƣɲǼȫסսĵӰ֮䣬ȴԵὫͼסصҶǰ
һգͼץУҶʱӦӿĵֿ֮壬ͼκ롣
֮ùħ֮
Ҷ˺ʤ֮ģħӿͼںƵȥ
ͼ֮ȴӿ͵ؽħ˻ȴһ˿һҲδܴС
Դͼȴةةÿͼ֮Уͼںһ壬ٻͼڵΪʣԼС
ȴȫռͼ򣬾㵱ʱΣҲ׵ͼֻҪͼԼӶݱǡ
ҲˡҶ㿴ͼةӶݴ΢΢һЦ
ʣҲǣͼǰȴҡҪȻҵİ취ҶĿӾͼһֻֽסһֻʥȴסʥ塣
һʱ䣬ʥ塢ʥ䡢ʥ߻һͬӿ𣬺϶Ϊһžͼдȥ
ʥһУͬʱ⵽ļҵֿǿʥȻҲ޷С
ĵֿȴҲŭʥʥɲ֮䣬ʥ֮ʥ֮ͬˮһžͼгȥսһš
ǿ󣬾ȻʥԿ£ʹʥȻܽͼУȴֻ㣬У֮ռݡ
ǱŭҶԭҰħ֮Уʱħ缤һʥʥֱ˾ͼСʥ֮һŻڣȻҲƮһ֮
֮ҵֿʥ֮ǵ죬
һʵŮҶ㲻һ͵˦˦ͷȴüʣȷ𣬻ֻԼһʱ
һ㣬ȴҶоȻʥʹĳԼΪͼǵֿ֮ʱͻȻ˻ȥʥѹͬ
ϲЦȻǿ󣬵վѵʥ֮ʥ߷֮Ҳֻɪһǣҷˡ
ţȴͻȻоԭҰ֮УͻȻħݺ𣬶ǵħ֮УȴֻһΪ֮ȻæֳһֽԭҰ֮У۲ħӿ𴦡
ǰ֮Уħײںһ壬һ޴ħħ֮͵طһλħһɫƤ˫ҹͷͭڣɫƳۣʮָ罣һͷɫƮ
ħһʱҶţħħͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ħ
Ҷһ
δħ֮УȻħڣѹħħϢɡȻΪȻʹ֮ͼҲܵӦְɣ
ţħȴǰԭҰ֮ϣԭҰ֮УħСΪ㣬֮ڣںΪһȫ׳Լ
Ҷ徲ţϸظӦħļ뼼ܣκ͵ȫںϣסǾͼһչ
ͼһչʮλϹʵʱԾҶ΢΢һЦħתһʮλϹʣħ֮ǣӣʹܣɣ
˵ţһںħȴǹֱӴ˾ͼСʱͼеʥ˿ջصҶڣ޾ɽøħ֮
һͼУʱħһ㣬ѹɢķǱʧȥʥѹƣҪ̧ͷǰȴһʧȥԣͬһذʵؾ¡
ħɨܣת֮ͽͼڵʹȫԼƣҹ֮һ㡣
ãұôͼٻɱСֻǲ֪ƾҵһٻλΪɱأ
תһ룬־⵹⡪ԼжѳСɽĺʯüֻҪʹն֮ʱһʯΪ壬ȫԷӳǿ
ͻȻ䣬һ𷽲Լоͼһţȴ֮̽Ĵ𣬷䣬ħ֮ͼ
͸һλλϹʵϢ뵽ͼã֮Уһ˿ĿռҶ۾һʱȫ׷ǹɿռ֮ԭҰħ֮е籮˶ҵɢĿռ֮
ڣҶ㽫뵽ͼ㣬Ѱɢռ֮
ȴҲһͼһŹӵĳͼСͼһ޶ȴһ˿һھͼܱ֮ˣȴȾ
ҶһʱͼݶȥħһӽͼȴʱͱƿȻӴҲɡ
ҶԵħӽͼʥӽһʼձͼų⣬ܽ롣
ɻ֮䣬ԭҰ֮ȴͻȻӿ𲨶Ǿħ֮е籮ͻȻҵɢһռ֮糱ˮӿһ´˾ͼУ˲㽫صͼһ˾ͼ֮⣬ȴҶڣ˳ԭҰٽħ֮Уֱ籮
ɲ֮䣬һ籮дͼȻֱӱһɵǵ޻ӡһ籮֮ٵ̲ɣΪԼһ֡
Ƭ֮䣬ͻһռҶԭҰķɢͻȻԭҰһƬޱߵϹսս֮УϹǿ߻ӶɱţǺɱ֮Ѫ䡣
Ҷ壬һƬޱߵս֮ϣһ㱡
ͻȻ֮䣬ԶһһÿƥǺ̤֮ͣ羪춯˻֮ȴиͼһߣ޲˻֮ȫԡѪΪ顣
һʿ࣬г˱ɱһ˸˸ǹһɱȥһȴǧڣռоƣ֮£ȴʱɾսʿʿǵһаҲֵס
ѵ޾ԣҶ㲻𺳡
ˣһʿȴжǿ
˼֮䣬һʿȴѾǧսʿɱ˸ɾתһսɱȥͬ콵һ㣬ս֮ϣΩһʹƺո
ƲɵƺΪǶġ
ݺķһ֮ʱһλǿȴͻȻ֮г֡ڿһһߴıڶڴ֮ϡ
ƬأΪ֮һ
籮
Ҷ㿴Ǳ۾һ
ȴԭҰħ֮еϹŷ籮
ֻǴʱ籮ȴԵøΰׯϣɢԶҶ籮ɱȡ˵֮
ǿƮȻ籮֮ϣݺ޵еȥȴǷһЦ
һӾ԰ˣѵƾս֣Ц
˵֮䣬һ籮ʱһռݺ
˲䣬֮һ޴ĿռѺۣʮƥͬʿһѺ۷ָ˲룬ˤ˵ϣ


307 籮
Ц籮޴Ŀռ֮ٴν֮УȴѺۣǿռѹȡ
޴ġĿռɽһ£ܸдõ׵ߣʱڵ棬ѹ౻ѹƽڵ棬Сǵ棬Ҳռѹ֮°ݣγһװѪƽӡ
ֻһѹʮɥ
ЦҷſռһռݺύʮΧͬһֻֻһ˺ǣڲҺб˺ѣѪء
ת֮䣬ǳ۳ɳȫ޵ֵ飬㱻һ룬ȴֻ籮֮˻δ֡
籮ǿ󣬿ϧȴ޷ȫӳ
Ҷ̲ס̾
ʱһԸ֣תֱ֮ײ籮֮ϣ⧲ʱԶԶ˳ȥˤڵϡ
ţһһǷӶһſײ籮֮ϣǼʵĽ籮㶯ҡڣһž޴ǵײ籮һ£ȴǶϳء
һҷҪ𣬷ŭ
ʱһֻֽ£εؽڵϣһڿ𣺡֮ͽΪƾССһݺ޵УЦҽձʶֵ
˵䣬һɨ籮Ƿֳص籮ȴ仯һػһµ籮һȴһҶϤ֮޻ӡ
Ҷ㾪㵶ӣа룺ԭ޻ӡȻ籮һ֣ѹֵʱ籮ᷢ룬һԽ˳壡
ʱ籮һȴ仯һͼͼϣﳤգ޾ƣ
Ҷ۾һⲻǸոҲ籮յͼȻҲ籮һ֣
籮ɹŴȥҲϧ˵ұ㽫֮кΪݣΪ籮͸½ͬʹ֮ܿķأ·Ϊ޻ӡҺͬԿƴϷΪͼͬƿز֮̿
˵䣬о𣬽籮Ѷɵķ˲޿ռ䣬ҪԶ
ڴʱһ𣺡ʣԴСɳ𣿡
ʱһɾ£ȴʱǾң籮Ȼˤϣʣȴһ޿ռ䣬תʧ
͵һ䣬ưתȴҶͷĿѣǿٵת֮УԼӡ֮УУƾ֮ƴ󺣣Ϊǿʢǲͼȴ˸ɽڣ˾ھ֮ϱ˫С
Ȼǲͼȴƺƣھ仯Уһȥȥһɳȴһ˵ĵرͼУ֮ı䣬ԲͼΪȴһͼ
Ĳͼȴδ˻𣬶ĵǱھͼ֮С
ȴ·籮ڴڣԸΪȱ֧֣֮ȴʤԷ˱ݷԴɡ
Ƭ֮䣬еĻʧҶػʵ֮С
ԭˣԭˣɵͷ̾
籮Ϲս֮ʣԾƣַָ֣Լõ籮ȴֻмһζѣȫȴܷϹ֮ʱԭ
籮޻ӡͼȴ˱仯ڽҪ»ָԭò˶
ҶӦħ֮籮ı仯ȴ䶯ݣƺһ˷ܲһԥһʹ޶ݷȴ£һ·ű֮ʮﴦͣ
ΣյĵطҲȫةҵ˰ҪԼ鷳Ҳ뵽ԼȻű֮С
ʱҶ㣬Ҫʱ䡪Ҫ籮ʹõϹŷȫΪԼãӸǿҪ̣֮УҪޱ֮շɡ
Ҫ̫࣬һȫĵطУ˴ţű£ѵѡһɳĮ֮УãةҲ벻ԼȻ಻ǰɧš
޿ռ֮ԭҰ֮Уħ֮ڣۿ籮仯ӿš
ı仯̰ɣˣִķһȫҡ
䣬籮еһӦƷʱƵ԰жõοռ䷨ڣޱѩӰ˳ʵԼߡ
ǧ֮Ҷ֮ǰȥʱȶѽǱߣȴδٴߡ
󶯣ħħ缤֮к£־籮չֹĴִУ籮ȴΪȫں֮ϡңв֮ʱħ׾ѾҪ֮˹ӡʱȻ仯ȴҲѡ
ˣС֮ʱ֮˩µϣѣʱһãΪ˱ǽ˩һϸСϣ󶼲ѡ
ֻУѾ˩סԼ֮ѵӡ
Ҵʱ籮ȫں֮Уȴֿħס
ǣһںϱ仯֮ʣһ߲òҶħ׵Ķʹȴһű仯ҶĿ֮ͷ
ת֮䣬ʱȥεĶʹ֮£籮Ҳںϣ籮޻ӡͼȫںһ壬ʹָϹ֮ʱ̬籮ɢһռɢҶ⣬ȴ޿ռӼ̣·ʵصһʵ磬ʵкɣ޷Ӱ쵽
ǣڶʹ֮У籮ѾȫҶ㳼ʹҶȫס
ҶصͷҪħ֮еħȴʱǿнʥеʥ籮֮С
ˣսҲͻȻһ±ħҲͶ뵽ħ֮ڣһ´籮֮Сħ֮УħʵͻȻԭҰУħһ޾Ķս֮⣬ħ֮磬籮
˲䣬籮㷢˾޴ı仯ٵ䶯·㿪ʼڻѩһ㣬̬ϵظı䣬ȻԭģʼݻΡ
Ҷ㲻һ漴ףȴʥ֮ȻҪԼ籮ʹΪһȫµķ
ѵһ񣿿Ǳ仯ε籮̲ס롣ܿ죬㾪ϲط仯üǾ£ڲȴʵ飬Ȼݻһס
ιӣɫԭ籮޶ǳĺɫװ籮ԭϹͼǡ籮ķԦաʮĸ֣С֮ϣݻĸ֣ս
Ҷ㾲ţ籮ı仯κθԤֻħ罫βϸı䡣
һ̣һʱ䣬һ֮ȫ仯ΣħͻȻ𣬾ҶȥҶ㲢սײ˹˲ԼУԼΪһ塣
޿ռУҶ˫ۣһ֮䣬ռ֮ʱһս
ǣףɾ籮仯İ
籮ޱҲһ
ϣж֮䲻Լйռ֮
ս˴֮У̺ʥ֮սͬʹսӵʥ
ռ֮ʥ֮ںһγһµĹһķ
áãҶ۷žâ̲סϲͷ
ȻûսӴ˲ܷնƣս֮ȴʤս֮ʹħֻȴҪǾһնΪ
Ҷսȭͷ͵ǰһȭʱһȭ֮˲佫ͬʵһ޿ռȫУһ硢һǡ
ķ񷣬޵װԨ޲սݡ
Ϲŷ֮
Ҷ㻺ͷ


308 
ô£ô£һףȶʡ
籮ˡҶ΢Цش𣬽ŽԼڹűоԼڻþмһж˵˳
룬籮»ָ֮ʣͷ˷ڵϹż䣬Ҳһаɡ˵ҲȻвɼǿѾӽǻˡ
ֻʹߣϵɡ˵û뵽ϹŴս˲ңķҲᱻ١֮籮ܷȫֻ»ǿˡ
Σ磬ⶼǺ¡ޱ˵
ȻǺ¡ͷֻ籮λ仯ף
Ȼ֮Ҷ˵ңʥ֮Ҳ˴æ
붮벻ص˵ͷҲδ׷ʣȴüû뵽Ϲ֮ʱ壬û뵽֮оȻһλʡһߣɾ͸ˡ
Ҳ޷ڵٶȳһսұ֤սˡҶ˵ʱڣֻǱûʲôϢȴóûһ¡
£ޱʡ
ǰҶ㿴һЦǾ
ҵޱһ漴˵ֲˣҲﲻʲôæ磬дûᣬҪԼΪء
޷ҶҡͷһЦøǿұģ˼ǿǿߣҲ԰ҷֵȴǳףд֮£ҡ
⵹١ɵ
ǡޱҪƴǣҶȴѾԭҰеĲ֮ģ֮һźƳ⣬һ´ޱ
Ҳֳһ֮ǲ֮ĽޱԭҰ
ⲻ֮ĺޱϣԭҰҶЯַڿУǺⲻɸ̾
ӵһΪ֮ġķȴⲻ֮ͬҶ˵Թⲻ֮ĿԹԭҰʹΪ̣ǿҲ롣оԭҰںϣҲʹӰ챾ڱ㽫ںϰɡ
áޱһͷؽӹһź⣬֮ͷš
ɲǼ䣬Ǻ˷չ̱֮ޱԭҰȫΧһɾ޴ɣҶ徹Ȼ޿֮رųȥԼڡ
ǿػ֮ҶҲһҪ֪߽ǿߣ֮Զʤͬһǿߣ޷ޱԭҰ˾͸ˡ
ֹãޱȴۣҶֻйʴͬȴٴɵͷ΢Ц
磬ڵ׾粻Ѿȹ̣һҸоƺѾﵽ۷״̬أⲻ֮ĵ棬˲𣡡˷ܵ˵
Ҳʲô˵㲻ǳ׵ĳ̶ȣںȴҲֻ۷壬㲻ʲô
ޱ˸Ǽʰɣ
ǡһЦֻ˵ַֻΪ㾳绹͡ǻĽǿʹãֻþͲˡ
ԭҰǿ֮ʮԡޱ˵
⵹ǺҲɵͷϡȴз㡣
ֻں֮ʣȴƣжޱ˵ѹة硣ֻ㲻㣬̫˽ʵˡ
¼Ҷ֮µģҲֻЩ˰ɣ뿪Ц˵Ҷ㣬ʱҲЩô磿
ҶһЦôһ졣Ҳ֮ˣõôȻͬ
ǰޱ˵㿴磬үүˣʱʲôȼٿһѾǳˡ
⵹١ͷҲžʵҲΪܵõôؼҶľӣΪ飬аȫС
һҪҶ㿴ޱڽҰɡ
áޱԥʱȡҶ㡣
֪ҪöòɣȻսռϢɡҶһ֣ޱѩӰս֮УͬʱҲС
ٽսԭҰħ֮У˳ħ֮ڣ׺
䣬ߡ̡Ҳͷ˳ħ֮С̳ɣбʱų׺ݵĹâҪƴɱħ֮ħ׺Ȼ£ʱںȴʧȥԼ־
Ҷ˼侲ħ֮еħףչԼ졣ɴڣħ׶ʹħĻ߽϶Ϊһ
ʲô˲õķȣҲ֮𣬵ʤпƴ󺣺˺бɿƺݻʵȻ
ȴҲԽԽãӵһ΢ķȴҲӵһǿķҶǴ˴ģŽ෨Ϊһʹޱһ̨ס
ʱ䣬㽫ȫںһ壬΢ȴҲûʲôӰ졣
ٶħ缤𣬽һǰħ׺£תۼ㽫̻Ľ壬ʱҶȴȵطھȻпռһ޲ְĿռ䣬ȴʥ·ʯ
ǵĶ𣿡Ҷ㲻΢Цͷֲǿȴԭһ㣬ʹʥ·ʯ׳֮ãȴһջ񡣡
ʱʥ·ʯƳսҶרĵؽΣȴʱ䣬Žȫںϡ
ʱ˱仯ӿڼݣƺҪиı仯
Ҷȴǿнֱ仯ѹһ̣֮顣
пռ䣬ʥ·ʯҶֱӽ֮ȡںһ塣
ǰߵľ飬ȴ࣬һʱ㽫ȫںϡһ£ڵڵøҶΪ߽ǿߣսȴ׽֮ѹƣʹ
ԽѹƣڵȴԽǿɽһ㣬һǾ춯֮
⣬ҶҪġ
ٴνһ˹ȡʥ·ʯһΣһʱ䣬㽫ںϡ
ʱӿȣֱͬХһ㣬ԱҶѹסˡ
֮䣬̵Ľʮöʥ·ʯȫս˳ȴͬʱ飬ΪҲ޴ٵʥ֮Żͨʥ򣬽ʥ֮Щʯ֮£͵ȫڣ
˲䣬۾ų̫һĹâȫҵزǵ̲֫סչ
ҶԼоҪʱƳԭҰ޿ռ֮СʱȻſڷһХ
Х޿ռľֻײγɸˡƽ֮ϣʵ֮УֻһХԻһ޴ĳǱ
ɣ׵طڡɣ
Ҷţ֮䣬ȴʩϵѹ֮ʱڵͬˮƵ̰㱬Ȼγһִһʱ
һûķȻҶ֮£ͬʿһ㣬ʼ
޴޿ռ䣬ֱ֮У͸أ䵽ű֮Уֱű֮ϡ֮Узųһâ


309 Ԩ
ӿ֮Уȫ˾޴ı仯ǽȴرøΪ֫徹Ȼ˵ԣ·Ǳһ㡣
͸һâȴñ֣ٲʧſ³һϢ˵ĺһ㣬ϢҲ̺ž޴Ӧļ¡
Ҷ㿴ȴϲ⡣
ԭΪܽףǴһȴδ뵽㾹Ȼһ´ﵽ߽֮
ҶҲ벻¡Ȼ֮£ԳĽͻƣֱӴﵽ߽ף
Ҿ̬Ҳ仯·Ǳһ㡣
ˣҶ㻹ӦǣȻһ㣬ȴҲѩӰǵһˡ
ޱߣҶġ
ϲ֮ʣޱѩӰսл˳ֱ͵ޱߡ
һЦޱɡ
ǡޱȵؿȴǾԼ֮ǰӵеķ
ȴޱ׽ʱ˹ȥޱһӡ
ԲۣҶ㣬ôģôоѾԶԶңȻֱ治ǿоڻԴЩǿʱɢϢƺҲѣѵ
ҶһͷѾﵽ˳߽֮ڷţԼ˽
ʲôޱһ
Լ񣬺һп찡Ҷİһˡô˵᲻ԼԼأ
ҲܰɡҶҡͷһЦҲ˵׼֮ı仯Ϊʥԭ򣬻Ǵʥ·ʯԭ̵ֻԭֻ˵пܡ̵ӰЩɡЩԭԼս־Ҳټǰԭۺһı仯
ôˡޱе֣ϲش֮ȴһˡ
ǿǡЦ
ѩӰش񣬸ӦԼϤϢȴ̲סǣȴҲѩӰʮ׽һ𣬺ǼõĻһ㡣
һϾȴͻȻһ䣬վֱſڣȻ˵ҶӣǹҵѰʥź֮ʱ˵Ѿ˽չڶϼ֮ǷһԨž޴˵ѾˣǲҲ˸Ҷ֪
˵ǻȴһ޶
Ȿ£һ
ĹΪһ壬Ҷ˵ȴͨĹͨʱޱޱ֪û뵽ȴֱӴǷ㡣
磬ô죿ޱʡǻ᲻һ壿
ȵҵ˵Ҷ˵ԭҰбĹɵĶӻУǵΡ
ΣҲһǵλ߽ǿߣټ׸֣кο£
߰ɡҶһͷսػޱһʹöݷֽǲ֮ʱ
ͷ˳ҶĿռ֮սѩӰ֮룬ޱסҶ֣ӿ֮ʣʱһ̧֣ӳһƬźˮ֮޿ռ䣬Ҷɶݶȥ
ٶȣȻҶȫɶʱԲһЩȴҲѾƵˡ
Ҷʹս֮Ϊʹٶȸ죬ԽĴ½֮УԽǧָһԨȥ
Сĵؽӽȴλߣ뿪ԨŶϷȥҶΧˣʱ˹ȥ
һҶ㣬ʱʩ񣬶ޱߵȴɶһ̲ס´ԽԽ˻ǷӦɲΪ֮𾪲ѡ
ΣҶʡ
Ҷӡ۹ɹӦϢԴǿɿǴûʥźҲ϶رеǿǶȥ˵½еļλǿߣҲҵȴҲϹȥöЩô
Ҷ㿴вûα֮Ǳȷʵر֡
Ҷӡ˵Ԩ֮УҪôһһƬߣʲôҲûУҪôмµĺǿҲ׽УҪôŹŴټڴ۸ӵĺУԹһ㣬ǿ߲ѳŮģ׷ֹȥûзֵرȴһʥź
ֹܷŴʲôʬ壬ĵرҲǴջ񰡡λһ˿ڡ
ǣ˹ȶӴŮţŮǷзȨҶʡ
һΣ׷ŷұδܽԼ֮ȫ꣬βżȴýһ˽硣
ȻУȴδʹùһλ߻ӦԽǲʹãԽη塣
ʵһлʵ˵㡣һλ˵Ůû㹻ѹķӣҲ˸Ĺ¡
ôƽʱǶΪԤҶʡ
ǡһش
ҶһЩ۹£˵۹˸˽⡣ֱ޿˵֮ҶһͷáǰһŮ֮±ǣֻҪסѾҡ
ˣ΢΢һЦҪףȻĹ֮˵ǿǿ׽ѣĹıȴһҡ
ǡǣ˼æͷ
ûһʼʱŮ£ڵõϢͨ籨ţǺĹŮ̹ףŮʱԻǣȴ¶ǵĲΡҶ˵ʱұʸߣǵҲù
˱˴˶ӣоԳ֮ɫ
һĹңȴظôҶ˵
⻰١ޱ˵½֮ϣԭܳΪµǿȨǻʶˣ罨ˣȴһصİƹԭֻС޹ңԭѹûʵȨԪӦѩϣȨΪͨС壬ȴ֮£صôȨǹ磬ֻкôûл
ǣλߵͷӦ
ɡҶתˣǵĶӣʱҴģҲ෴ҵķռУȴõչˡһʥ֮ѬǣõĪô
ǣлҶӡ˵Ҷ˵ƱǿҲֻüװţԹޣȴҪҶл
ҶȻóǵαҲΪ⡣
νϣжԶǺηλʡ
һ·϶ȥǡ˵ôӦԶɡԨԨм֪ΪԨƽʱû˸ȥġ
﷽Բ˵Եʵһĺɱһгµ飬ʱ֪
˳;ȴЩҶһͷޱʹ޶ݷ˲Զ
һ·ŶϷȥҶ㽫޶ݷٶȷӵޣһʱܸϳǧ·;ֱһ㡣漴ˣҲطɶһ죬ŵԨ
˵صص㵹ʮԣҶ޿ռ֮УӦǰ಻Ŀֲʱٶȣͣ
ǰǿֲĺʵһ㼤ţ޴޿ռ䶼漰ڣҪ޶ݷУ޿ܡ
ʹöݷܷӳϵֻͬ޿ռһ𱻽顣
ԽյأԽرޱǺ˵
ȥҶһ֣ӭźȥ


310 ѹ
ʵһĺǧͷǽԨΧǿߣֻܱ֮⡣
ҶȻںССĺ˵ӵս֮ܿһпռ߽׵Ϊ⺣
ɢΧɢȴһλֱ֣ӰѺ棬ޱ׽С
ʼմߣδ̫ҡޱϲͷˣ㽫֮ҶڣͻȻʲô仯ҲԵֵʱٻ಻
ɶݶ룬˲֮ǰʮԶ
ֻһƬһƬĿʮɾ룬ԶֻǺڰŨء£ƺ޵һԨȴ֪ر֮أⷽԲ֮صĺδ
ãã󺣣޾Ԩ磬Ҳ֪ǿʥźضںδޱܣüȴѰңǷ׷ǿߵϢץһеĸأ
ֻҪҵһ˸֣಻װɡҶһ˼ţһ߷ս֮
ʱǹеĺҶΪһ壬սӰ֮£ȴ΢ı仯Զĺһγ˰ﳤӿ
ֻϧĿֻʮԶףȴ޷׳۾κ˼˶Ϊ֮𾪡
ΪģսɢȴγһԲĺռ䡣Ҷ˵ǾôڰԨ֮ƶЩҵĴһ㣬ʲôϢ仯Ȼ֪
һǷúܣޱһͷҶߣڶȥ
سظⰵԨƶϸѰ˽ʱҶȴͻȻӦ򶫷
ҵ𣿡ޱ۾һ
ǰɡҶ˵һţȴ׽͸ȥ
һޱȴ޶ݷӵޣתۼǴ
ȴǰԨ֮Χײȴγһµľ޴УɢµĻޱӦɫס
磬ҸоǽУʱҪ顣̲ס˵
ǵС֮ˣʹ˲֮ĺ֮Ǵ׳ЩУ̲ס£ȴ֮ǿ
Ҷϸ۲죬ȴʵһ㣬вźײɵľ޴ԼһּΪϵ
¡Ҷ֡
磬ҡǲ̫ûˣޱҲԼʧ̬ɫһ졣㡭
Ҫô˵Ҷḧգ΢ЦûãһɼΪϵ֮Ӱ㣬־֮ġѾ¸ˣǻˣĽ۷ǿߣҲֿסѹҪֱ̱ڴˡҸоҪǳҾѾȹߣսʤѹǿ
Ȼޱȴ¶ϲɫ磬᲻ǡ
ʥźҶ˵
˻ӣ¶˴Цݡ
磬һǽսɡޱ˵ֻ»ǿᣬʱ㻹ҪĹңδšҽս֮Уȴս֮г䲻ɱʹĻͻϮ߽֮ܽ׸ֻɱأ
ãҶͷһͨս֮У֪ٻ˭Ҳɳ𣿡
ġޱæͷ
С֣ȥһĿҶ㽫ޱս֮СһƬĿֲУ͵ǰȥ߽ǿߵľ޴ײһУϵˮմֱӽ֮ڵ
֮УȴҲƽ磬ĺҶǳ׵ǿУţʩչ
Ҷ˵⺣ȴʲôʹԿȴս֮ʱʹԼЩΪһ壬ȴǲӰ죬ܽ
֮ԽնԽһ㡣
źȻԵõⰵԨ֮εӦŰԨ֮дǲǿ֮ȥӦ֮УһʮңԶȫɶȻɿٵֻиְǱӦռ֮ĻԼ͵Ϯ
˳ź󺣻Ȼһ壬ȴĸ֣ҲԲԼĴڣʹԼȫڰȴǽɣ¡
沨ֻסȴǺǰȥӽĿĵء
ʱȴͻȻ˲һĺͻȻ֮ĪرÿʮȻʮĺߣͻȻ˷һҶݺݻ
ôˣ
Ҷ΢΢ü̧֮䣬սѾϣһȭʱȭ꣬ʮȭɢȴͬʱ׷״ЩɵϣЩߺ޵ֿ֮ȫɢ
ػΪˮȴ˴󺣶ʹΧĺңҶȴ޷ĵسΡ
һɺˮͻȻΧӿ˲ͽҶΧСҶӦǺˮ̺żɱ⣬ԼʴȻҪƿԼĿռ֮ս
λóѣҶЦһ̧ںˮһ̤ʱ˪֮ӿһֻֻ㣬Ǻˮ̤öݡ
ȴɢȥǽذҶ㡣
ͻȻ䣬ҶͷһȴǸӦһޱΣյϢǺˮԼϸ˼æ
ȴһı֮ǹսĻռ֮˹ȥȻǿռ˺ѣսϲһ𻨡
սδ𻵣Ǳǹǵһ۶ϡ
գҶҲɸ̾һ
漴һƬΣյϢȴȻٸıǹ㼯ȫС
ʥźػʲôǱڲ࣬͵Ϯң
һ֣ҪɣҶѵǲɣ
սϾӿҶ㲻ٶܣӭһƬǹȥȭͷͻֱӴһƬɳӭٱ֮ǹ
һʱ䣬籩ذֻ޴ȴȱش֪ټǧΧĺˮö·𿪹һ㷭ɫˮ
ǺˮҲõˡ
ת֮䣬ⳤǹɳָ𣬵Ҷ㴭һȴٵ˪ź
ÿһ˪ݻһڣÿһݻһߣǰҶݺҧҪжȫ
ΣȴɳҲֵסһȥЩݹס㱻˺ײ飬ٳͬһһ㣬Ҷײ
ҶӶ˫ƣħ֮ʱ⺣ݺΪһצӰצӰ֮УںĪĿռ趯䣬ȴʹΧĺ֮һ壬仯һˮ֮צ˲佫һߵץơ
ЩħצӰ򽫱˪иն顣
һƽһ𣬾ڴʱȴһˮű˪Χĺˮ¶һ½ʱһں۶ɡ
ԣʥźػ֮仯磬һһҶһǿĸǱڲ࣬͵Ϯҡ
˭ʶ֮Уȴûһӵ˰
ѵʥźȴʲôҲ˳
˼֮䣬ȴǰǺˮ˪ͻȻݻ̬ϰֻ˪޹꣬ϰˮߡ
ÿһֻϣһߣһ壬Ҷ
ǣ
Ҷ㲻һ
ãʱȴս֮д˳Ҷ㣬ǡ˵塯еǿߣ죬ص̫ˣҾȻûܸӦǵϢ̬е䰡


311 
ν˵塱ָϹ֮Уλ߹ףδʥ㼸ɴﵽʥ֮磬Ϲ֮ȴֻ񻰴˵֮еޡ
ˣ롣
׻ȸ顣
飬Ҷ㲢İǲԴһࡢһĸħ似еġķơʹ֮ķ
׻Ϸȸ䡣
ʱˮ֮˪֮ȴݻ֮Σȴ֤Ҷʩ͵Ϯߣ䡣
˵徹Ȼ
ҶЩȡȻҲҲĺᣬнŬȴһ㣬Խɡ
ϸˣǰֻĴѾͷ£ԼҶһˣսӿһȭʱһѪȻȥӭͷײǴ֮С
ʱǴ󱻺ķѣΣҶ˫ȭӣһϵУһֻֻʱɢʣֻɱҶǰȴҶ͵ؽһУȫУʵ÷顣
սҿһУ
ӿսʥ֮֮עУսʱɢһɫâΧĺʱҶΪһ壬ʹظӦԲռ֮ڵһС
ʱ㡰˾˵һĻڶԶȴһ̾᣻ԶǻϷԶһֻԶһֻߵĹ꾲š
һˮ˪֮Ǵ괦
׻ȸ䣡
ȴǴ˵е飡
Ȼ룬һ𲼳˴ңҶ㲻üӦǿȴһԼ൱֮ʱһںϣȴγһʹǵ
봫˵Ҳδһ棬ȴʲôޡǹңֻΪ壬᣿
һ˼Ҷȴɱ䡣һȴ˲䵽ҲֻԼչơ
䣬սϹʢĿڵıؾȭͷңңָסǷλ
ɲǼ䣬ռӿȭϹںһ壬ȴγ˿µĻ֮
ֻһҶѾΪһɫ⣬ӭǺˮӿķͻȻ˹ȥǺˮȻ޾֮赲εסת֮䣬ȴͻƶֱűȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶѾԽ룬
ڽһֻǰһֻСݰľ޹꾲ţǼʵͷһۣűĹԼһߣסӣâȴ̹֮׶Լݺݴ·ҪԼֱԭҰдƻ
ʵߣýֻ֣Ŀⶢסֻ¾Ҫķɥսɱ¾
˵壬䣿Ҷȴٲǰͣʮ⣬ѯʡ
㵹мʶ俪ڡ
Ȼδ˵壬ȴ񻰴˵жϵҲΪ档Ҷ㻺˵ֻδı棬˵ʲôԩΪȴҪң
ɱ廹Ҫɣ䲻ֿЦˣϴӣ֮ڳЦ
ĴսѾϹ֮¡Ҷ˵ҲãҲãԴµ˽Ҳڴ˵ȴΪҪΪϹŴ˵֮£ӣ
Ȼôɵ˵ϹŴ˵ǺθɣıӵˣֻⰵԨ֮еıȶϵģͻȻɱԨ֮УҪᣬѵɵҪ֮ʱȻΪǿ
һΪǿҶһ˵ȴ޵ɽˡرߵ֣֮Բᣬȵõ֣ȴ֡ˣʱͷֳʤ
ĻУҶ˲мԵǿʳĵ壬ȻҲὲʲô֮磬Ҫɱңұɱɣ
Ŀһ䣬ȴ뷽Ŷ֮ʱͬȻɱġĿһݣԼо
ʱҶˣֱۻӶսһȭ˹ȥ
ƣ
У˪֮ȴݻ˾޴䣬γɾ޴ȭƣݺݻȥ
ǿɴ۾һӿһ˲廯һֻ޴ĹǣתǰȥסҶȭ䣬תԽӣʱһ죬𻨡
ڻĽ֮УҶȭȴռϷ磬ȭδǺѾݺײ˾޴Ĺǣȥ
Ȼǽ似΢΢ͷ޵ȴҶ㣬һס䣬΢΢ſ͵һˮ·һ˺ɫĳǹһ´˺壬֮ɢĹ㡣
ʱҶȴѾȭͷֱӴ˹һǹˮʱɽȴδ˵ֺ
͸һĨȣȻûϵҶȭƱԼ֮ȴȭϡ֮УƴƶΣһˮ֮£Զ˿
СС壬Ϊƾһ֮ʤ飿Цţǲм֮ɫ
ΣҶ㵭ȻһЦȴҲ似ȭ֮УȥһѡΪ˵壬浱ԼǴ˵ˣ˵Ҳߵȵһѣȴʥޣ
ôӣ䱻˵ʹ۾һʱҲú䣬·ŭӳ
ΪƾγĴ󣬱ɻɱңҶһЦЦǵļʶȴ̫ǳˡ
Ц壡һӿڳԲʮڵĺ֮ʱȴһ壬·֫죬ҶʩӾ޴ѹ

һУ䱳ϵ߿ſͻȻһߣΧЩڳʱ״߲ƶȥͬһϣһҶ
һߣ·һ̵磬ˣһųѾǣΧռ𶯣ڳϣʾһֻذ
ҶԼоǲսֻƾԼԿ¾˴УԼҪˡ
дһȷ磬˾޴Ķԡ
֮ԳԽһжǳǿϣֻҲҪʱʴġ
ûʱ룬ʥս֮ϣҶһǰܲãһȭֱӴ˳ȥ
ķƣ
һУȴķȭһȭ֮ʣ׻ȸһֲ֣ͬͬԵͬʱһȭ֮УȻâһ㣬ֱ֮ϡ
ʱ߱ۿɼٶŤϵĺڳҪǰҶ㣬һȭ֮£ȴʱʧȥ˼棬нڶɢңѷӳʲôںˮɢֽɫʧ
ߣǲ·ʱ顣
ϵĶҪһɹɿռѹţȴֻ֮ϣƶ֡
Ҷ㶢סߣȭƴ䣬ȴһĸо
ֻ֮ǰսʥ֮ƺҪһĿռʱȴ׽ɿռ䷽ֿռ佫ɵĸоҲݼš
δļƣħսϣȴӦһһֿԵ̿ռ
Σȴһŵǲ׼ȷİաоԼ׼ȷذյ˵Լʵ
ʲô
ü˼ŬҪץסͷһ⡣


312 
˼֮䣬ȭȴһҲδ飬޴˲䱬һķƣȫݻ٣ȭƱֱǰȻϡ

һ޺УʹŤӣǼʵĹķƵȭ֮£ҵòˣ޴ȭȫӣǳصĹѺۣήʹغС
ķҲǾˣȭֱϣȴδܽҳˣƤ˺ֵز
Ҳ֮ǰķ߶Կйءߣȥ˼ʱȻ֮ݻ٣ķȭļ󣬴ʱȴѲȫ
ǿᣬֵǣֻƾȻɣңȥ
һʱ鶯ٵҶ߶ɾ޴ѹͻȻ٣ƣӶ˺ꣻϷ淭ڣ
СССȻԿǻòͷˣ
׻ˮбڶдһ磬һĴҶ
ҶζŷŵĸоӭǰһķơȭɽѹסǱӲؽطƿҪײ׻
ʱһȴڶҶתϷһֻɵľ޴צԼݺץ
צΪ棬ˮ˲ˮڡֻǿĸҲҪٻɾ
лҲл𣡡ҶһһץʱħצܷٻĿȻ棬ӭצץ˹ȥײգ
ʱǶȴ͵ؼһ·ڹſ³һö飬Ҷɢһһ٣ҵȡҶϢʹҶоԼϾȴ̲סһľ
ȴڴʱٴηѣоȻֱҶݺײ˹һ߽ƣΪˮ֮
ޱҶԿ
Ҷ֮һٻ֮ʱս֮Уͬʱޱ˳
ʵޱʹһ֮ԶԿҶ½ȴܷǿӰޱľһ𻽳
һйȻЧһ壿һʱ䣬ȻӦٶȳУһԸҶ㡣
ȴô࣬һ֣ſھ³һâ飬ֱݺײȥͬʱɢϢֵɢ
ޱҲ䣬ų߽ǿߵľ޴һȥ
һƣຬ޴ĺʱ֮𣬻˾ȭȻ
飬ޱһȴɫ䣬һеشһȻҶٻ˻ͬʱԼצһץΪһֻ޴צӭһȭȥ
һ֮Уһײȭһ±㽫Ǿ޴ĺ֮ȭ𣬲ȴҲɫһɢ
ֱ֮ײĹ֮Ӷľ޴˶֮ʾ㱻Сס˲ɶԷʹԼٴ׳󣬶Էȴʼ˥½
ֻϧʱеȴ֮һӵǣȴֻһӶȫûпܡ
ȻǶСʱ׻飬ɴһʱȭͷǾ޴צײһ𣬺Ȼһ֮䣬ײ֮ײ˳Զȫһȴײ˳ʮɡ
壬ȻύסΣ㵵һۺŭĽڣ
ȥĹƨһûҶˡ᲻ύ£
󵨣ػ֮еλߡʵǿһһССȻҶҡ
ɡػ֮񡯣Լʥȷʥ˵ɣⷲһ죬˵ֻеһԱ
㣡
ʱҶƽգħצ͵طȴȸ֮צץ顢ٻһתһȭݺݴ
ƣ
һȭ֮ʣһĸоҶȫһսؽϵһٻһʥȴʹһȭ˼Ϊı仯һռһȭɣٵرüΪ̡
ռ֮ǰ޿ռȫͬǡޡʵʴڵռ䣬ʵصֲܻӰ죬һ硣
磬û磡
Ҷһȭ֮һССֱش䡣֮У̺޾ı˪֮ޱߺڳȴһ֮硣
磡С磬ɷһĿУ˲䣬Ѿײϣ͵һ±
ûʲôâ䣬Ҳûо޴ҫ۱ֻ˲䱻Χסֱ𣬶һľ޴ȫϣڳ뺮֮ȫ壬Ҳûü˲䱻˪ⶳڳ
ʱü޴ʹ࣬һ
׹ȥ޵׵İԨײص䣬δѾ˶ж˵ֽսˡ
磡ɶҪڻצ֮ʣҶһȸʱſ򼱼ͣ£ֵҶ㣬дޱߵľ⡣
ǳ˽׵ĸ𣿡׻ǾִУȻ֮ôǶ֣
Ǿʧ룬֮оȻһ˿η塣
ˣЦԳļһҲᱻһ𣿡
£͸ޱɱ⣬ͻȻ֮ſ³һö顣Ԩײ㣬ɲǼûϢƬ֮󣬰Ԩ֮ȴһڶ𣬽ţ׹䣬ȴһ˺۷ٵطߣػذԨϲ㡣
壬úݵֶΣҧгݵشţѸٵȥһ
Ϣǰ˽סҶ㣬ȻԷӳ˽׵ǿռۻɡ硯ӦжšңȻֵãǱ㽫ɱҲΪһȥĴ󺦣
𣿡ҶŷһȭĬĬͷ
˵ޱһߣȿڣ˵ﵽ˳ףƿռﵽ˽ףܽһռۣʵ硣֮ǿޱȣ֮ʱ˲𡣻һжǿղǸ쵰Ӿ֪ˣǹ񫣡
˵ţȴЦһĵ֮ɫҧгݣ޲ܷɹȥ׵ֱҧ
ٿҶ㣬ȴ˭Ҳ
һͽһҪ⣬ΪеǿߣԻعͷѹͬ𣿽ұǼʶһ


313 ֮
ޡмһЦ˵˵ȥյ˼ǳԼҲһԱ֪ˣһʼͱԳΪ񡣲˵ʲôһԱѵǿԲݳģ֪˶ޡֻɱ޸ɣ
㣡˵ֻܺ޺һ䣺ûõģȵ˵
ŭУͬʱӿһĿռһγһ̵Ŀռ䣬ȴҶ㷽ʹóġ硱֮֮ͬ
ǿռ䲻ס仯󻯳һƽԲΣɢŹâߣһͼΡͼϡ¡ĸλ򽥽ԳСԲ
֮϶Ϊһһȸ⣬ſ³һöɵ飬ұСԲ֮С
飬𣬰׻³һ磬СԲ֮Уȸ³һö𵤣·СԲ֮У³һöˮ⣬ϷСԲ֮С
ʱ֮ͼһ壬ͬʱɢҫ۵ĹâͼҲڶתΧĺˮӦͼʱݣԶ˶ȥȻʹⰵԨ֮УһֱԲˮռ䡣
壬ɣһ쳹ˮռ䣬צһ֮ʣͼʱҶ㵱ͷ˹ȥ
ͼ֮мţ޾չʾֲת֮У˾Ļޱˣȴɸе̲ͨסӶݶȥͷ
ǴתţȴԽתԽͻȻ׻Բ֮磬ɳһ磬֮ʷиʯҶ㴵
磬硭Ҷȴ粻ֻǵͷš
ʱУȴһ󵨵뷨Ϊ˶ԣΪ˶
ʹƣ֮֮һǺڳ뺮磬ʹúħ֮أ
ʹʥħ֮أ
ҽħȫϣһħأ
ͷѣеѪڡ
ʲôǿռ䣿
ʲô磿
ۼǣһ磬˵飬ﹲ湲ѭϢȻ޴磬ȴǴޱߵռ֮С
ռ硣
һݣһıڰذдǸ˾סĿռ䡣ռ䣬ִڵ֮С
˿ռ䡣
Ϊ󣬺ΪСֻ߻תͬ
ϸҪ˷裬ҶȴֻͷһӶȻһЦɲǼ䣬Ѿ׿ռ磬ռ䡣ᣬδﵽ˽ףȴѾ˰˽ǿߵĵ
ңҪħ񣬴һħ罫һ治࣬ܳα仯ںηⲢǷ磬ͬС
һ䣬̧ͷǾԼı硣ʱѾޱסȴɫ԰ס
þ¡˵һᱣǣÿһˡΪ
̧֣ƶǷ磬ҶȵĿ⵭ȻԶ·ԶĵޱܵĿ⣬вɾů·һλߣסԼ
ûʲôɺµġ
֮УӿңȴǿڿӣٵݻţһССĿռ䣬̲硣зɳ𣬵з裬иһεĶڶ𣬻ǿȥ뼤ķγĶԱȡ
Ȼһ˲ǽӴˡǿı˲СС֮УСС綯ţͻȻչ̱鱩ÿһ䡣
еС磬˲ˡľţĻԼĻ˾޴У뵽֮Уи̣Ǿ޴ֽ⣬ͬһո߳ĳʦֽһʳġ
ûбըû⣬ûкǿ𣬷·𱾾Ͳڹ
ҲҶ㵭Цһץ
ǿޱȵȴǫǫӡһ֣ţƻȴͬ硣羪һ㣬һһγ˹ģݻһ淭ڵ磬ڲŵľ޴ȥ
ԲЦΪһʸսǣ
ҸɫԱ֮𣡡ҧгݣг޵ŭſڣɭɭĹ⣬кɫĳˮȡ𣬺ˮͷγһԲе֮Ӧ
ͻȻ䣬ٷɻأҶǰǺˮУٱ˲֪ٱҶײ
ˮ棬һͬˣ˭Ҳ뿪˭ǲһŤšںţͼѹԷ
գĻ硣׵شݻǾ޴ˮͬʱҲӰʹǷͼ󶯵һʱ䣬Ȼٲȥ
ãɷֵĴУܵȥ׻ȸӦͬ٣֮ٿȻˡ
ֻ䣬ΪշǿһУʱδָܻұǲóٶ֮壬֮ǰĴˣһʱȴһ
Ҳһ֮֮
Ҷһ磬˲Ϣ͵ǰдһĨĹâĳһơһƵɢγһɵľ޴磬ΧЩ裬һϣס
侪Ŵ𣬾ɢһֻֻ޷˳ȥܿ죬ԾֲӦþֲ𣬽Ǳ˵ٴˣ䰧ţȴû֮һӵϣѹס
ſԲۣҶ㷢
üҶ㵭ȻЦòãǾܺžˡ
˵꣬ȴ֮иӦһ㲻ͬѰ֮оӦȴľ޴͸֮󣬷һķ
ǷȴһεĽϸ󣬸Ϲдһġ֡
۲취ıԵȴκΣľ֮ྶͥʹ̲סһķĳһ֡

Ҷ˼һ顣
ܽ󣬵񻰴˵һ㣬ΪƹķȻһ塣أһһʲôⷨȴǽ
ⷨпķйأǽȫ׽ãⷨȡһ޴ջ
˵⿴޴󣬱ǽ֮ⷨγɡˣ
ʹԶѷԼ飬ǿԼԿҶоļõ֣


314 
㡭㾹Ȼñػ㾹Ȼ֮һ䣿ȫӿŻȸţаŭҲ¶һ˿־塣
Ͱ׻Ҳֳŭݣ̲ס
ǿ岻ֻеһȺٴҲûʲô˲ġȻδ֮ȴеʥޣһƬ߹飬Ļ
ۼһСС壬ȻãȴʱеܵսбŭĻ档
ɱ㣡׻ȫİëȥ·һ㣬ڡצҵķ籩֮С
ɱȸҲХţϻһƬ⣬ѭתΪһ壬һҶֱײ˹
Χ磬Ҷһʱ޷оȫҵ꣬ƺҪֱڲճɻҡ
޶ԣֻ̧ƣš硱
ռ
ֹţؽ˳ȥʱ裬۳һ硣гѹԵľ޴һصľ޴Ӱڻζţ·һ޴硣
ħ硣
ХҶȴֻӭһȭħӭ˹ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬֮У˲䱻ѹסǾޱߵУǿŤ֮ʣ֮ķ֮Ҳǿ˹һ
ҵضţһҲֱħ֮Уһ
׻ȸԾС͵ӣס
ÿ壡ݺҧҧ壬ʲô֣
Ҷ㡣ҶдһֳȻƽ֮쿴ƾĸоľ̲סӰ죬ƽ͡
ĿתȴҲðɲǼһʶ֪Ҷ֮Ӱ죬ȴæһһ
һߣһľһʱðİ׻ȸҲҶ㣬ĵľ
˲֮һĴ󻼣׻˵
ȸ˵˵ѰʥźҲһ󾢵СҪȥǲܰѰҡ
ǻҪȳ䡣˵ܷȫ֣ȴҪԿ
ɱ׻ȸж͸׹⡣
ŭ֮Уȸٴγ֣ſڷ·ɾ֮֮ԣȻҲʹ֮Ӱľ
˫ӶһĻ֮Ϸڿ۳һֻȸХһͶȥ
һʹȸĶʱٻеĹâҲȻþȫ
Ҷ㿴ʱ֪һд֮к󣬱ᷢӳǿ
ʱ׻ҲȫӿһһңֱҪһֻ׻
Ҫô˷ǿ𣿡ҶһЦλǵóѡ
ζ磬˲Ϣ֮ӹռһֻǰץȥռݻΪצΣγɻȼյצ磬һ¶ǽҪͶĻȸϣ޴£ȸڿס
ɲ֮䣬֮ȸȫһޡ
ʣȸƿڴѾ޼¡
һҶ綯ת˲Ѿȸǰȸ󾪣˲࣬ƴһҶȥ淭޴ҶΧȥδҪҶջ
ȸҶȴ֮δãֻһץУħ¾ۼһħзɳһצץȸϡȸҽһĻȴҶ㣬۵ŤͷҪħ
ʵѹɡҶһЦһָɣȸħһΧħХſ³һöȸϣһϢǰȸѹ
ȻȸҲˣ׻ŭ𣬲һеؽǷ֮С
׻ˣסϢ
Ĺâʱӿɢ
ɱͳҪ֮С
ҵ뿴ȫܷҶһЦֻֻ°Ԩ֮ǿУȴ̫д󡣡
һ֮䣬Ѿǰһֱųһȫµ磬֮Χ֮Уħ֮Ӱݺᣬ׵ܣһ֮Ϯ֮ħȻ𣬾޴ȴһ±㽫Ҳݻ١
㡭úݺҧ޳ܣѵʹȫս𣿡
͵Ϯʱ֣ҶЦһһһħȥһײײ˼ͷ
漴һ˹ȥҲѹ
ҶڣһĴħ֮ħսħʥħħĴħַħ󷨡ɳʥħء졣ĴУħά֮⣬й֮Ч֮£ɳʥħصƻǿ󣬶ѹ֮ȴһǿ
֮ƻʥħأȴҲȲ졣ˣҶŽںħΪѹֵֶΡ飬Ҳѹ
ҺƴˣۼҲѹ׻ȴǷһһеֱһײϡʱ󱬷ҫ۹âֱҶײ˹ȥ
Լ֮ǿͬھҶͷΪͬ飬ȻϧԼҲֵþ塣ˣҲ
һһץһֱֳֻ֣ץ׻
Ͼӿȴһ½Ǻַ顣
ǿҶһͷȴҲʲô
УһʱǰҶȭһ֮Ȼռ֮ϣݻһ磡
УٳһȭһȭȴȻǴʥռ֮ϣʱһʥ磡
һһںХһײķ֮Լɵײҡβֹ׻ҽһʱˤ䡣
ڶȴΧ𣬶һػ֮ҡβֹѺۣһѣը졣
ҲҵкúϢɡҶһЦָŰ׻һ磬ʱѹС
ĸ磬һּ²ĸ裬Сĸ͸ʹӦĸѹǼ


315 鱦
ڣидšֵķ׻ڣиŰ׻дšֵķȸڣиȸдšϡֵķ
ÿΣƴһȴһԲ̡
ս֮Уȴһζݵļ䣬ӳҶԺ֮УԼǿⷨϹʱԭӣһҲӳͷ
鱦
鱦Ҷ֡ҲһϹŷܺá
ʱһͷҲͷ뽨ħ磬ֻõĿռɵ磬ĿԳô
֮ǰʹ֮ȴҪʹʱƻҪñ֣ǷҪҲϴ
ҽħ㲻׸ˡ
һΪϽħأ
п֮
ޱһ˹ߣڵͷ˼ȴ˭ҲҴ̧ͨͷޱʣ磬ʲô
ڡҶһʼͻȻ䣬ԨϷһǿޱȵͻȻ֣֮ǿһͬʱɫ䣬Ǿ˭ˣôһѹһеĸоʲôôǿ
һ֡Ҷ۾ҲɴϷȴѿΪ
һãдһ˿㵡
ϷȻһ޴ĵûؽǵý̻Իͣׯ£δţŸɣϹž˸ҲܽС߱Ǹ֮񣬹֮
һɢޱѹϢϢޱоľԼ࿹֮⡣
þȻƶޱ̲ס
ȴǺȻ
ֻ¾ʹڤΪµһǿǼ֮񡣡Ҷü
ȻţҲԸţ֮⣬ֻûһ޴ķ
ãޱһ
á֮£ֻǾ޽еһ޴һƶĴһӢķ
Ҷ㣡һԵдŴ̧ͷԼ̨֮ϣ֮ڣ߳һӢӡˣƤ𪣬üĿŵɫߵĳһ֮ɫ
־
˿̣ڴǰĿɨ·ͣҶϡ
ȻѵõЦЦ
Ҷ㣬û뵽ڴ˴ˡҶ㣬ѵõЦݡ
ǰҶͷҪϲȻҵƭӢķӡ
ܼ򵥣¦ѾõʥźôԼŴã˵ᡣȻˣ˵ʥźδ֡һرʹ˴ãҲԸֻӷᡣ
ү־ƭһ˵־һҶ㣬νүļƻȴսܵͷѾүˣүƾŴݺ£һеҲү֮ǿУ㣬ǵһ
𣬲غ¡¦ǵ𣬡һҶɱ˱ǡ
ǣ־𹧾ӦҶһۺת֮ڡ
ɢޱϵĴãҶҲоûס
û뵽þȻ˿µһȻֻ֮ûһ֮
벻ɱһҪǿǡ
䣬ȴĸ֮Сһ֮ӿ뵽Ѱļټ鷢ҪǣֵܵùƬ̼䣬㱻Ҷѵ˷ڣֱ֮Ӵǵȡ˳
ʱɢһ֮Ȼƺһص赸Ϊüӳһ֮УõŻ򿪣һâڿлһ
ʥĹ⣬ڿԽԽͻȻͬһҶݺ
ңΧռʱһѺۣ
һȻͷ˷ԲĿռ䣬ʹκ˶޷һƬռ֮ʹκζݷֻӲسһ
Ҷ΢΢üһ֣֮ޱ
磬ҿ㡣ޱæ˵
ûáҶҡͷڴǰ߽׵κã˵֮䣬ȴս֮С
սɢɫĹâҶԥؽԼս˼£ּ䣬ռͬһֻֻһ㣬Ⱥǰ۳һʵ֮ǽ
ɺħΪשɵĸǽֱӭǾ
ڸǽ͵˲䣬ѾȻ£ھҵ֮УǸǽȻֱѣʱ䶼ûУ㱻״ݻ٣
һƲɵ·̵ɽһҲ
ķǲֿܵסģ
Ҷ͸֮⣬˫ȭٵشͷųĸͬ硣ĸӭײϣٵǾ޴֮һһھ֮ϣþҡΣڵ֮ʱѺۣڵĸ֮ʣ׻顣
Щ飬ҶײȴʮҶϡҶƺбҵʮɣһƣȴˡ
֪սֻЩ飬¾ҪԼ߽ǿߵ
ùȻʹڤΪµһǿ
˵ԿǰȻȥҲҪΪǿ
ħ磡
ͷٴγҶУŸߴǺΰϵĴãȴĸ֮У֮ļȫȡ˳ϸֱԭҰħ֮ڡ
ʱħ֮º£һļϣӲǼ׵
ļʱеֿ֮ħ׺֮£ڵĵֿ֮ȴԽԽȴļһ㡣ʱҶŽǺһ
ϵ˲䣬ļͬʱҫâȴؽһ»һԲ̡Բ֮ϣϱҶ֮񣬿Ŵķ֣Բ̵һ棬һԲ
鱦
Ϲ֮ʱ籮һʵıٴ֮ˣԭֻеȴҲ籮һ㣬δȫָҪۣܷϹ֮ʱ
ҶȴȲˡѾսϹŷҪȴǿҡ෴ǴħȴŨޱȡ
ԲͼΪԸֱƳɾͼô鱦ΪƳҵħ磡
Ҷм֮䣬ħ֮ħ缤ħ׺һħںɣѸٵؽ鱦Χ
ԭ֮ڵ΢΢ȴǿʼָʱħգʱ˵ֿ֮ʹһħѾעУӲķ־ѹħ֮£鱦ȴʼŤ
Ҷ֪ؽս֮һʱ䣬ԭҰк첻ֹһħεض


316 ħ
ЩħҶ֮£һڶ𣬽ħ֮Уһ鱦ȥ
Ҷȫתս֮£һɾ޴ʼħ֮ɣ鱦֮ϣٽһħС
һħաħһ鱦֮ϣǱѾû˵ֿ֮ķʱħ׺ֽ⣬ɳɡգһ֡
ʵڵһ֣øΪħʼ磬ΪȴΪ˸ǿ̱Ե
ڣħ׺֮£øӼ̣鱦ĳɷֿʼã翪ʼħ׵ƾתȴʼԼѭ
һǿķһ㡣
һħԲϵؽУѾ鱦ΪѭתȴҪԣһħֱ֮Уռͬȶ
һȶʱɢһħâ·ħҪһ㡣
֮Ҷڷӡħãȫ֮С
ⲢҶڵħȫߣٲΪá෴ʱħ磬ִ磬˵һ֣Ƴ⣬ԭҰֲͬķκҲ޷֮ߡ
ΪɱҶ㣬͸޷Ҷħ硣ɱҶ㣬ħʱʧ
ΪάϵڵģȴҶ鱦ʻû֧֣ʧħֽ֮⣬Ļһԭ鱦ķ۳
ˣ
Ҷһ󼤶ħһɣԼһ֣Եκǿ֮ʱ԰Ȼ֮ˡ
ãȴв
죬һжԭҰɣʵ֮УȴҲƬ̼¡ʱħոճͣñ㵱սҶ־𣺡Ҷ㣬ɡעֻҫһʱâǣȻ㷢֮ʱȺǶҪ֮֮ղɳ־ãվɵˣ
һԴֻһٴҶ
Ҫʲôķ任þֵķһУ
ͷҶ̧ͷͻȻ佫һӡ֮УħٿȻɳ
һʱ䣬ħ֮ʱΪ֮ڣǼ̵磬ͬһʵдڵķɢ޴ֱӭžײ˹ȥ
һ죬ʱڴﴫԲĺˮڣҡ
һǿޱȵľħһײ֮£ȻѣʯмƮɢںСȴδ񷽲һܴ޴Ҷ㡣
ôܣ־ľʱԴд漴ûϢȻ¦ֹĴСУֻôò⴫
־ޱȣҶҲľһײ֮£ֻԼħ磬ȻȻڷֽ⣬ȴҲһЩ΢Ѻۡ
̫ǿˣħոɣȴǿʢҪһߵͣȴûǸʸ
Ҷ΢΢üУΪرʥźȴΪ˱ѩ¦ƴշ¦ǣǵĶԹ´ٽҲ١
һתǾ۳Ʈڵ֮ҶȴŰԨ֮¸ȥʹݷ˲Ѿʮ֮£ȴ˰Ԩĺףʱһڰ֮أ
ħڰ֮͵һȴãԼڿһ٣ֱӷ·ҶԭҰ֮
Ҷʱȴս֮һȡ˾齣ڿһһŻѺ֮С
齣ȻûսľʤڿԿռŻ֮СռŻս֧֣֮㴴һԲʱռ䡣ҶУϢʧһ㡣
Ƭ֮䣬õѹ٣ȴҲٵԽ˰룬˰Ԩײ㡣Ҷʱоһ֮ƺǴϸһƬҪԼҳ
齣ս֮һȴҶ㣬֮Ȼ˼飬Ҳδܷ֡
ڴʱҶȴоһɾ޴٣ֱԶȻ죬ʯɣռҲѺۡ
ҶǴʱһͬСһҵ÷顣
첻ڶܲʱ֣Ҷ˿ΪֻǱڴˡ֪¦޷̽뽫Լųټӻɱ
Σ٣ԼһиӦ޸Ӧ£ٻΧһаɣ
ڴ˵أȴ˼һǲжûӹҵħ硣
䣬ħ֮ħ
ͼ󣬾ͼȴڣȴѾҶʱͼͶħ֮Уħ׼֮£ʱɳҶ󶯣Щ΢ע뵽ħ֮У鱦һӹ磬ʹΪʵ
ٶǶ԰أװʯηҲԭҰһƷԱҶ˲սĿռУⷨ౻ħ׻ɷۣħ䡣
һһĹžȴҲ˹ȻǼԪճ˾ѻٻôҶȴΪʱ𣬱㽫Ҳȡħ֮к˷ۣħ硣
ⷨȻѾ٣ɷĻʻڣȴҲͬƽ֮ħȴʡ
һħ磬ʱøӼ̣ɢ޴
˵Ҫʹȣȴǲ̫ࡣ
ҶҲ֪ҪħǿķһһϦ֮£Ҳżӳúܣеʱñ֮ӹ̡
ˣҲųʹƴһƴ˭ǿֻǰطš
ΧɨһȦûʲô֣ԶȥԽԽԶȴʹöݷǾôУһƶһѰʱԾķȻǲԸ׷ŹҶ㣬ּȥѰԨеر
Ҷ㾲طţֱȴԶȥĵضǸصĿռ䣬һ·Ϣʹħʹ֮ںζǰ
ˣͬеһ㣬ûκֵע֮ʲôֻҪκҲ⡣
ⰵԨ֮ףԼظӦ˺͹ⲨԼоǱر֮һ·ǰȴִҲǴȥȻ¦ҲǸӦһ
ֻ»бǿߣҲᶢɡҶ㰵롣
ҲǴõĵ֣бԶԨУ¦ᱦôҾпɳ֮˵񵱳ڻԴʱһ㣬нǱ
뵽˴ȴǸСĽ


317 ·
СĵڰԨ֮ǰУһ·ʮԶȴûбʲô֡
¦ƺҲǸе˲ͷȻ٣ǰȥ֮ȴ
ҶоǼӿٶȣôͺٸӦǹɿЦǿҲҪһǰҲ֪Ƿʥź֮ǵĻʥ˵źϷˣˡ
ڴʱսȴĺУҶ㣬Щ԰
ôҶʱͣս֮С
һ⸽ͱ궯Լȥ˵ɢһɹɵϢ
ѵҶȴһı䷽ҹ۲
áȴһͷˮ֪ҶǺ⡣
ҶȴԼ㣬һ߻ܣһߵȴԶһȥ
Ƿȴ෴ķҲǻͷ·
ɣȴǹøˣֻǿסȻٰԼײˡ
ܲͼһʵɣҶ㲻һЦ漴ı˷߶ȥ
ףɻ˵СһǱȥ԰Щ
ǱáҶͷ
磬Ҫʲôޱ
룬Ҳʲô˸ӦҶ˵˵ϢǴԼи󵨵뷨ҲǵֻһնȴƭԶʥźļ󡣡
˵ܸӦʥźޱǾȡ
ֻǸ²⡣Ҷ˵¦ڣҲ׽ӽô˻ķӦԿ
ô˵ҲЩʾͬҲи뷨СһĵǴ壬ôʱﲻһֱĬĬšѾһתΪʥʥ򣬵Ĵ£¼䲻֪Ǿֻһֿܡ
ˡҶһ
ǵġͷҲʬ⸽СһӦ˸׵ϢŻ˼Ҳνʥźʵֻµźɡ
Ҳδ֪Ҷһͷ֮ҵ˵ɡ
򲻶ԣȴͻȻСһ궯ˣ
ˡҶ㼱æֱ󣬲żǸȥ
ġָ֮£ҶȴȥķԽԽԶ֪ǿߵΪһᱻ֮գ¦һǱ߶ȥ˵ʮԶȴԷſ˵Ӽˡ
ҲҴ⣬ֻ΢΢ӿٶȣȴʹöݷһ·ںѸζʱγ˼ʮ·˺һž֮ء
֮£ҲûʲôͬҶȴԼһĸоʱҲСһúˣȲ㰲Ҳ궯ǲסҲ֪ʲô˼
Ѿҵ˰ɡҶһƬž֮أҲһ֡
˵꣬ȴѾ漴Ҷоһսзһ⣬ײǰڰ֮ء
ˣš
ǹҶŴǰȴԶȥײһ濴ǽϣʱΧɢȥγһ΢΢ͼͼֱֻɶ࣬һͺ㻺תΧĿռӰ죬Ҳʼ˶һƬڰ֮أȴ˹
ȻСһͨķ󡣡ͨҶ㴫ͼͼ󣬴˵пСһĵ֮أ
һšҶ㿴ͼǰȥҪִ֣ͼȴתɲǼΧռ仯ȴøΪˮͻȻʧɾ
ǰ磬·ǹɵأﶼǰ֮ɫǹɽ֮ǰԶһǹɵľ޴󹬵ԣ֮ȴѣ֮Ŀ
ҶףԼһӽͼ󣬱Ѿͼһص֮СȹޱȣȻҲ߽֮ĳǿߴɡ
ҶԼոִһħ磬ȴ缫˽⡣֪ӵǿʵһʧǻܣʼѰҡ
ʱһǹȴʱ·һСϪ漴㻯һȣҶУٿԶɽ
ǹĺ֮Уǹһٵγһ޵ǾȴǾ㣬ǹɵƬ֮ƸҶ㣬Ŀⲻơ
ǡǣ֮֮еһӣ
Ҷ㲩Ⱥ飬鼮Ҳδٶ֮ǼΪ˽⡣ʱһޣ֪ݡ
壬ȥڿţĿʼҶϣſڶͬԶƲеס
֮ܰ˴Ҷǣ
壬ȥǶҶ㣬Ŀ⽥ø׶
˵ԶˡҶ㿴ǣȴԳЦЦ
ʱ뵽ǲеɣȴûʲôǣֱʯԻľ̸һ㡣
壬ȥǵĿҲΪ׶񣬲ٵǶסҶ㣬ͣס
ɡҶ΢΢ҡͷ֪ǽġ
һ̧֣ޱħӿתۻһħ͵Ƿȥ
֮ӣһ壬ұ֮ѵɡҶ㵭Ц䣬ħڣһף纣һײ˹ȥ
Ҳظǻֻǹֽһȥһűħҧȥ
ħһڣݶһҧצ裬ϵǹץһȴΪ⣬תħҧȥһȴħҧء
ǿҶ㲻ɵͷޣһħȴͬʱצǵץ֧顣ħԼҲ֧Ųסڿɢ
ǹĴӣȴδʧתݣתǹһͷޡ󵹼ƣֻ΢ͬߵǹҫȴݻϹŵ֣ư
Ҷȴϳ֮֮һΪ˵˹ģϲ֣ҶȴǴЩϿݡ
壬ȥ֮漴ҲҶӦʱ˹
ϵֹȴ󽭴һҶԼ̲֮סҪоȥȴ֮¡
Ҷ֮ʵȴӰ죬Ҳӣȭһ䣬ħǸ顣
һвûоʹֹͣǹⲻϵر仯ţֽ仯֮ӵӡţ硢Ρ⥡¡ֻһ䡰ȥʱҶ֡
Щһһǿ󣬵ҶΪ߽ףӵսʥħ磬ȴԶʤͬףЩ֮ȴκãһһ飬Ϊǹ⡣
һսֹȴǹλ֮ӣַ
Ҷս֣ȻδеƣȴѾ֪ᷳսҪеʱ
ʱһâͻȻŴ


318 
âֱǹĴ֮ϣʱеǹⶼʣȴһǰ͸Բ㣬ڿвϱ仯֮ӡ
Ҷоʱ֮ӣȴƺѾ仯ʵ壬ٲƷֻ壬ɢ˱ؾۣؾۺ
޷Ϊȴ֪ǰĻ᲻ܴʧʱһһץ֮ʣгħ֮צһ±㽫۳εץУ޴ĻڶյǷһУȴڱħ֮צסʧȥ˷
Ҷ㿴ǣȴһ
Լо֧˶ģһǿѾûˣֻʣ¼򵥵־˲˵Լ룬佻ʵ޿ܣΪѾʧȥ˼
ˡӢ顱֡
û֮ӣʵֻǾŵӢ顱Ʈڣеľ޴֮ӹߣǲ⹥㲻ֹ
ôҾֹɣ
䣬Ҷһ»ħ磬ħ֮צһ֮䣬ǵӢ㱻ħ֮УѣǿħƵһ½ѹֽͬ˵֮ɢħ
һӢ㳹ʧħȴõ˼Ҷеһϲԥħ֮צħ֮֡ħ֮Ʋϳһ֮ӴöᣬȻץУֱӶħͬ
Ƭ֮䣬ŴӢȫħ磬ͬںϣħʱͷųһɾ޴ѹ̺֮˿µĳ̶ȣ߼±ޱ֮ǰʱһ㣬ʧȥֿ־
ǹʧӢ鱻ɣʱָֻԭӣΪһƬǹɵ硣
˾Ӣ֮ħȴݸҶһĸй١ͻȻ֮ϢüУǱӦĳһϢ
Ҷһתǹȴһ۵ĵطﲢûǹҫȴǹ֮һƬհ֮ʲôҲûУӦҲˡ
ҶȴظӦﴫϢԥطɱȥ
һһǹ֮ǰľͻȻҵһЩǹͻȻ˼ңԶС㣬ͬվڴǿôңԶ
˴ȴްǹ⡣ǿյžĵشһ޴ӰȴֳһֻһݰСĴ󡰹ꡱط·˯һ㣬һ
Ҷ󡰹ꡱȴע⵽ͷ­Ѱȴȫͬ塣
¡Ҷ㿴ڡ
ս֮УϢҵȻԾ𣬷·Ҫͻսƣǰһ㡣
Ҷ㲢ûǽޱѩӰһս˳Ǿ޴İʬԡ
ǵģһʬ塣Ȼֻ˯һκ˶޷ϸӦϢһֵϢԲϣûаǻ֤ݴڡ
ڰʬǰ·ǻͷţ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˲ð̾šСһӦѾʵ̥˰ɣû뵽ʱѾһ˿ǡǣҲûֱˣοࣿ
ҡͷ̾ϢУȴƺڸο
֮ȴͻȻԾһµĻСḧ˿Ҷ㡣
ԼӦСһﴫһʬ͸㣬Ϊĸ׺ı𡣡˵
ô֪ҶȻĸʱûг
һֱڸЦЦ£ԼԸ˵˿ȴӦõñϻ˭£
˶٣˵Сһ˼Ѿ¸ˡ岢ûʬԶѪеıܡ˵ˣ±ֻһʬ壬ٲʲôԣ㽫ȡ˰ɡ
СһԸ⣬ҿһȫĵطСһĸ׵ʬһҶ˵
ҡҡͷСһ˼ȴҪ㽫ǵʬķںϡ
ʲôҶһ
㽫ںδֻҪǻϣһᱻ̰ߵõɵҩǷε˵ǿ޷ıˡҲΪΣ޲ѧʬҲһұɡǲʬ屻һֳ裬ôһؿ־塣
⻰˵úñޱɸŸ
ЦҲֻзʥ򣬳Ϊʥ֮󣬲ܰˡԣƴҪʥһҲˡǲΪຣ
γˣҶ㿴˿ޱͻȻҲ̾˿
ޱϸ룬ԴΪǿ֮ÿȴǲϱ˵ʹͣȴǲò෴Ϊͨʱôʱ䣬ôľȴܡ
ǰޱɵͷ˳֮ȴ·𱻿һ㣬һ̲Сʱ룬ԽǿԽΣգͨһԾİ֡
ҲҪ׷ߣҪͻƼ޷ʥԭɡҶ˵ʵҲΪຣ
ԽǿԽͿࡣЦֻͨеһֻʨӡһͷϻȴôǿ׷ɱң
ҶȴͻȻةǿһеļһ뷨ʹ˿˵һ
ԸڷǿߣȴԸߵľеõĻᡣ
⣬ʵƫһ뷨ɣ
˰ɡָָµʬ塣СһĶˣ㽫˫׵ʬ뷨ǰˡˣҲɵõοǱ˵õǵʬ壬Сһѹġ
ޱͷ磬ǵʬս֮УСһ־ս֮ڣ͵ڸĸĻ𣿡
ҲáҶ㲢ظ֮ˡЩԭ򣬱ҲܶҡΪ˵ıԣ壻Щ£ֻǲǴƵǹȴͨ
СһȻ뷨ҶҲûҪ֮֡䣬µʬ屻Χս֮С
û뵽һǿƼȴҶһ˶ôҶ㣬ҡͷһЦҶ㣬ϲҲھɡ
лϲԡҶ̧ͷء
ҲǸƽͨˣôһŻûľˣұ㲻ܳΪҪܸıԼˡ
˵ţ˵ʱȴסʥ塣ޱĶҲȴֻ֪ҶϸޱǶ塣
ʱΧȴͻȻǵǹԶ飬ҲھҵУѺۡ
ãҪ𣡡Ҷü


319 Ϲ޻ʵ
ս֮չսռ䣬Ҷʱƿǰ磬ʹݷԶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ҵ𵴣˲١Ϊû˿ƣǾ޴ȴãⱬΧˮڣһɿľ޴ˮȻֱԨ
ռﱼӿںγһˮ֮ͨͬ
˲䣬һӰ˳һӶһ³ĸȴǵҶսʤԨ֮ʡ
һ˴ʱüëһ
Ȼ˾޴֮󲻼򵥣ףȴҶǼһϢ
һ˿âЦͻȻǰǰĺ˲仯һŻһͷײУ˳źԶԶݳȻڼ֮䣬׷Ҷ㡣
Ҷ㣬еõʲôôԹԽʰɣ
УֱײҶ޿ռ֮УſҶץУʱһֻ֣ſݾ޿Ҷҧȥ
Ҷ㲻òͣһȭ֮ȭƣֱӽǾúɳȥȻûѡ
ֶΡЦһȻֽ١һʲôռȣ찡Թ׳ٽԷеõĺôңұ㲻
ԲѡҶҡͷΪ֮ʱ㣬ҽ߽ףþ壬㲻֣Ҫ˵ɣ
߽ףһϸֱȴ֪Ҷ㲢Ǵ󻰻ˣĿⲻһ
Ҷ㣬ұûɱ֮⣬ռ㣬ȴ֪ղɱ㣬س֮󻼡
һ˵ţһ߻̧һзǰУһֶС
ǵһɣӰޱȣҫŵâһ㲻Ƿ
ϴҴ⣬ȴˡ䣬Ϊʥź⽫Ϲ޻ʵ˳д˵ǰ˽ǿᣬҲ£Ҷ㣬ձ㳢
ǵУɢλӰȴ·һֱڤ֮ٻӢһ㣬ޱȡһˮ͸ŶԼһΪ̵Ŀռγɡ
ȻҲڷɢ֮
Ϲ޻ʵ͸ɱ͵ظ߸߾Ҷݺ䡣Ҷ˿Ҵ⣬һУһȭ
ƣ
˲䣬ķһȭȭƹ糱·˲Ҫû
ȭƣȴ̲ûϹ޻ʵĵӰǵӰ·Ѿڷ֮⣬ķ֮⣬޼ޱȣֱȭײһ𣬷һ졣
ϣþòϢ
ҶֻһɾȻԼҡΣ˳֮Զ˼ŽϢȣȴԼоҲܵ𵴣Ȼγˣս֮£Լ˸оȴ֤Ϲ޻ʵĿ¡
ܱ򡣡Ҷ֪ʱϵóˣֻ¦ŴöʱܵУԼĴʮΣա
Ҫսپ
Ŀ͸˿ҵת֮䣬һȭݺݻһȴǼ򵥴ƣǴһħޱսɵħ硣
֮УŻķħǿ־Ȼ֮ǿ𾪡ʿһҲһ㣡㾹Ȼʹ˽ǿߵ֮Ҷ㣬㾿ʲô
˵֮䣬ȴ˿иϹ޻ʵӶħݺնȥ
һն֮䣬ȴһ⻪ǹ⻪ȻǵӰȴһ֮֮αǵӰ֮Σȴޱߺ̺Ŀͷն£ֱնħ֮ϣȻħնơ
ôҶҲһȫ벻Ϲ޻ʵ֮󣬾Ȼ˿ֲ
벻ɺ¡Լս֮ʣǴϹ޻ʵٻֻԼͳ֮Ҳнճɾˡ
һնħ磬ȴ𾪵ݣȡ֮һŴɱĵסһ죬ǰӰٴδ֮Ҷ㼲ն
ٳɳȥˣڴ˵أš
ڴ˵أҶЦһҪսңʥôССԨ֮У
һ֮Уٲʵ͵ؽħ˳ȥ
ޱȵһʵɫʱһ䣺ʲôô֮Ѿһõˣȹ̵簡ѵѵ㷽Ǹеõ˱𣿡
漴бԳ̰֮ɫǺööһҪУǹңұ½֮ϣ˴˲֮УɳΪ½֮
ţӶϹ޻ʵȴնĳͼơǵ˶֮в׳ȴڿֳһεͼӰ˲䣬㣬ǻӰ͵һһ޴躣磬˵Ӱ֮С
һȣϹ޻ʵն޵еӰֱնħ֮ϡ
һʱ𵴲ɢڵԶ
ڵӰħײ֮УǵӰе躣ľ޴ʵĿ֮£ȫħ֮ϡܵ޴ײħҵ𵴡ҡΣһʱ侹Ȼ˵Ѻۡ
Ȼǿ𣿡Ҷ㲻üͷ塣
£ħѾõǿϹ޻ʵԿôҶ޷ˡ
ѵҪԴвɣ
ȴЦǿǿȻֵܵסϹ޻ʵȫһȴԽԽϲˡֻϧҸоʱ̫̣Ҳι̣ȻӵгǧֲͬĿȴ޷ȫӡΪ磬˲ѪɣҾǰնƣ
˵ţֻϹ޻ʵڿлͼγ躣뵶Ӱħն
ȻУħٴζȻסǵƣʹ䲻˺Ҷ㣬ȴѺۡ
ʿЦţһһħնȥȴնħ綯ݣѺӡ
ȥ飬Ҷ㱻һնɱȴǳ£
ƴˣ
ҶвҲ͸һĨ⣬ݺҧ֮䣬͵ؽһգԭҰ֮С
ӣĸǵĺѾǵʬ彻ңҴãҽѣǵĺӲҲҪ֮ѣȴòˡħΪǵķĹǳУᱦ죬ȴɣ
˵ţһ֣սĶ˲佫ǺµʬԭҰ֮У뵽ħ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬ħ׺ħҷգʬΧ
ħĻȷʵȣҾ㽫ʬУҲжµʬȴͬǰʥޣУħĻޱȹ̣ཫ


320 ս
ҶȻ֪ʬħħ粢޴֮Խ֮ںϣȴֻǴһ֮
Ȼ뺣ֻһϱ㼴룬ʼͬĸĸǡޡͬôͬѨҲһְο
ˣȴǽħ׶ʹ򣬻΢ħ硣
ܿ㱻ħٻħ׻ɳ֮ʬȴǿޱȣȻħ֮½ر仯ħ׺֮Ѻۣ볹ȴҪһʱ䡣
Ҷûʱ䣬´ͷֻգħ֮Уһɢȫ֮ħ缤
ţȴֽʥʥеħ֮磬ٽʥ߻Уһ𷢻
ʱ漣ˣʥеʥ϶ΪһȻһըѿȴҶħ֮к˳ȥֱˤԭҰ֮ϡ
Ҷ𣬽ű˵һĻǱʵ֮Уࡢָϵʥʥ֮䣬ͻȻ䱻ԭҰ֮УҲħ֮
ʥ߻˫֣һץסʥ壬һץסʥ䣬ɶӭħףħ׻еɲǣзը˴һ÷顣
Щ۳ŨصϹ⣬ڰʬ֮ϣ˲佫ʬ帲ǣǾ޴ʱѺۣħһ֮£ɢ΢
ħ缤𣬽ʬ廯ɵ΢ͱʥİʬ΢һɳԭҰȴȫҶϡ
һҶеůϤӿ𣬲ûоĻȴֻǸҶһͷħ磡
Ȼ֪һʥңԶʥ֮һΰԼмһͷ󣬺ԥؽڣħ֮С
ħ֮ڣѺۣ޾ĻϢ·һҪݻٵŲӱܵĩաҶһУʱһɾ𶯣һѡ
ʱľȴһС
ħ磬ұӵиʵĻԽңﵽһ磡һһ֣Ǿ˲ħɢգ֮ɢħ֮УҰ
ɲ֮䣬ħ綯ɺ¡ʥ塢ʥʥ߻ɵľ޴üޱȣٲ֮ǰﶯǼΪȶ·һ磬ʵˣҲ
ħ֮УеħųһħħƮޱǿħķҶһͷѸٵ˳ȥع鵽Լ֮С
ô£׼һħ糹׷ʣһնؿħϣȴֻһ£ûѣ֮ǰ˶һ޸Ȼ
ʡҶʱȻЦֻ½ɱˡ
һЦ֮䣬͵һƣħʱȻ죬ʺݺײ˹ȥ
һϹ޻ʵһȥնħϡ
ħֻǻһ£ǰײȥ͵Ƶ赲·ܽһ綼һײ顣
ɫһ䣬ħĳǰȻ̲סȥ
СС壬һ֣ôͻȻǿģʹֶΣǽסˡʲ
ʱϹ޻ʵȴһ󶯵ϸӦһһ󣬱ȴȳˣ
͵ˣּһŻнźɶݶȥ
ܣҶһҪħ׷ȥȴͻȻӦһɾ޴ѹͷһ֣ȴħٻ˻סԼ
ʱͻȻһ죬ţӴĴƾճ֣·һһһ㡣һ֣бʱһҶݺݵƵƺҪҶһҳɷĭ׺ݡ
áҶ̧ͷ΢΢ͷҪħ繮֮Σ
һħȻӭһ˲䣬ײ֮аڣǾһ֮ʱѡ
ݵĳĬ֮󣬴ͻȻַɳʮڿųţͬҪ֧һһ㡣ʮ׼Ҷ㣬ͻȻ£ݺ
ŵһײҶĴʱȴħֱײǽħ΢΢ջأһħ֮͵شһջһ֮ϡ
ײ֮£һײںзɣȴһҵҶϣȫײɵ
Ϣʮֶ˻ڴǰۼһͻȻȻ
Ҷ֪ٿħеֻ֮Եֵ
ħĻѾʮֹ̣ла֮ԼʥԼɴʥıڣѳԽ˷ϵȵķЩ֮ոħ粻ãȴδȫһӤһ㣬ȻžŵǱʣҪڱʿһսȴв
ħչȴҪڲϵĥڲϵں֮ҪгɳĿռʱ䡣
ʮһҶȴֱӿħ磬ӭȥ
޴ײһħҲҵضһ£ҲǶһ¶ѡ޴ͷŶֻһײʮѣһ»飬Щм£ֶħɢķ
ܣ֮У־ڰе羰󣬵ɴ۾۵ľ
֮ǰһֵˣôʱȴֵܵʮһ־̲סС
ΪҶ㡣ףһ
־תͷȥŴһλ֮¦ǣɻ֮ɫ
ʱ¦ǣγֳһ֮״·𲢲ʵ壬һӰһ㡣ϥڿУȴһ۵İ͸ӰӡЩӰһ૶ȴǵ֮֮ÿӰӽ¶һϸߣֱλеĳһȴзڤʼȵӢ顣
˵ǿǰõµ塣
Щ壬˼֤Ҳȣػõ־ǼᶨƣκҪƭǣǳ롣
¦ȴˡ˿̵һĴ״̬ȻƭеӢ飬˴á
㲻ף¦ǿ־ʡ
ס־в֮⡣ǲ¦ǣȴǲҶ㡣
һţһˣһϲıĴڡ¦˵ڿԿ϶϶һʥ֧֣ʥ˶֧֣ȴǲƺȫԸˣÿÿܳԽ㣬Խǻֶ
ܲôɣ־Ǿ֮ͼ
ĳַ߽֮˰˽׵¦˵ˣĳЩĵرϰ˽׵֮Լʵ硣֮ʱ¶ɱɫֵסһʱǳ˴˴ߣصı֮ʹʵķԽѾ࿹ˡ
ү־͸֮ɫСδᣬҪɱٳɳȥ¼仹˭ĵ֣


321 
ȷʵ¦ǻͷдУ߽ף֮ܲң
ǣ־ͷӦγڤڵ뽫߸߾
¦ǵֳһĹԣ֮⡣ЩƮΧĻʼӢ飬ֹбΪһ壬ȴЩ֮ԣһͬĬ¦ǵϡ
¦ǲֻĬĬؽ˷ڤϣ־ʱоĪѹֱ۲ز·ǽɽһء
ʥ͵ط𣬺Уеڶסڤһλߣôץס
ˣҲǿȣһ󣬽ڤݺһӡ
֮Уһ֧쳣֮ͷž微֮УУһɺƴۣ־ӽһָһ֮Ե߶š
һţһ´ɳɵľһҫ۹âҶȥ
Ŀӹ֮ҶӦĪѹʮһȴ޷ȣֱֵһᣬǴڡ˿Ҵ⣬л֣ħʱųħγһʥġסȻħȻǰײȥ
˲䣬ħײһһʱâҫ۶ȴ·˹硣ҵġޱ߼һĹâ֮Уħҵ𵴣Ȼײת
ǾȴҲײɢޱ߹â
ȴδ١Щâܿ㿪ʼ£ۣƺָܻ֮ɹ֮
ûһ֮Ҷ̾һȴòһ㡣
ǹâҫۣе־ҲòҿʾǾ֮ͼ
¦˵ӰӣЩӢһڹϷƮţһʱȴͬĻû˼Ӣһ㣬Բ
Ӱȷȴࡣ֮Ĺâɹ֮Ӱָֻԭӣۣҡͷһ̾
־ҲŸٿǾ֮ͼؿֿȴħҶӰӡ
ˡ¦˵ǷŲʹʹݷ˲Ϣˡ
ɺޣ־һҧ
ûа취¦ǿЦһԴаƭ˴ãȴշߣȫ֮ƿ֣Ӿ֮ʱȴֱ׶ˣһʱʧȥй٣֪δʱȴҲ޿κΡ
Ǿ͸Ӧɱõı־˵һõľʥźأ
ˣΪǿ󡣡¦˵ɲúȫĴáȴѡߣõģһϹŷʲô˲õʬ壬ֻޱѾĵر
ô˵ǻл᣿־һ
ᣬܻеġ¦΢΢һЦ۾ֳֳֵȻӰ̬
΢΢𶯣ת۲֪ȥ
ʱҶȴѾڰ֮⡣ȫħ˲ΪԼ޶ݷӳ־ȴһֱݳôԶĸڰ總ӦϢ׷ϣҲ޿ܡ
˴˴һħջڡ
㣺ħѾ˼̵Ļֻϵĥߣһ꣬ҪͨһϵܷȫǱﵽǿһ㡣絥ڣޱȣȴκεķռ䶼ҪãħʥֻҲɡ
ұ㳣ħ֮һҵһҲӰħ磬ʹɳ
˼䣬ȴͻȻоһִͷΣգûɵľȻȴҲ֪о޴Ϯæ͵ǰٶȥ
Ҳɲ֮䣬һһ۵ĺкݺһ躣ĵӰˡƿգնһС
ʵӰǺ͵һ·һδ֮£ʱնһ
ֵ̫ͻȻҶȫ׼ȴɱ˸ֲ鼱֮룬ʱħ絲Լǰ
Ϲ޻ʵһնħ֮ϣ֮ȴ䵶Ӱаص躣޴նڲħ֮ϣʱħն˿ײҶ㡣
ĿһҶ㾪Ŷݵľţ͵һȣ䣬ֱħ֮Уȴδײħˡ룬ħ֮ʥ֮зնĿԶ
ħ磬һʱΪһ壬֮Уȴ֮ܿһУ·ħ绯һ㡣
ʹ÷ʵһ漴һΣһնƾǣ
𴦣ͼɣ躣ڵӰ֮Уٴն˵Ƶ磬󿪴ϵնһ֮ĵӰϵնħ֮ϣħ𵴲ݡ
ҵӵϹ޻ʵȴܸӦһб仯Ҷ㵭һЦȴپšʣΪڵһǷų㽻ʱΪϹ޻ʵȵµһķڤ಻£ѵ㣿ұ㳢ҵɣ
˵֮䣬ĿһħӰ죬ʱ־ʺݺײ˹ȥ
ɱʷŭһӰݺϵնħ磬Ǵ֮ǿӰȴҲֻʱ赲ħĳƣȴһ·ǰײ
Ϊ磬޼ƿʩ𣿡ʺһдһ˿ŭɥ
б±ʹɡҶ㷢ЦҪֻѿ֮
Ǿ㿴ʴ𣬸߸߾еϹ޻ʵķ֮Ӣ鰡ҵٻۼ
֮Ӣ飿
Ҷһ
ڰ֮УӢػɱ֮ȴ֮ΣѹҶֱħ磬ħһ֡
Ҫٻ֮Ӣ飬лᣬ׳ҵħ磿
Ķ֮ʣȴħٶȣٻʱ䡣
߾ٵϹ޻ʵһ۲ܷ֣ȴɸӦ΢ǲ˲㴫˼ԶԶҶһ˲佫󶼸˵ĸо
Ƭ֮䣬һĲǲ΢Ҷս֮ڣͳ󺣺Ȼ߽ףֻҲ޷ֲֲٵؾۼת۾Ϲ޻ʵϣһӰӡ
ȴһֻ㣬ڵζ
ŲԽԽǿԽԽ࣬Ҳٱ仯һͬľ裬ֱӸϹ޻ʵ֮ϣ͵һһС۰С̬·һ͸㡣
ϣϸߣϹ޻ʵһȴʱӿ˿ֲľ


322 Ӣ鵤
Ȼôǿ
Ҷ飬ɴоȡ
֮飬ȻȴҲ׶Ըֻδ֮ǰζ֮ܽѣȴܶҶĸγв
ȴͬҶֱӱӦ̺Ļɴݻδ¡ʥ䡢ʥʥ߻϶Ϊһǰħ硣
ֲôаգȴԭôһ֡һǿߣȻ֮
ҶĿҴ⣬УٴС
֮֮صڣҲ󺣣ڣҲ󺣡֮ĸ飬ȴСС½ؿɱȡֳϹ޻ʵӰ죬ĿüΪ䣬ҲԶͬϹ֮ʱ֮
Ϲ޻ʵܰ嵮ȥӢ顣жôǿҶ㣬Ϊ½壬ǲ׵ģ
˵֮䣬Ϲ޻ʵ͵Ҷ䣬ǵӰ֮޴躣磬Ȼֱϣȴ·ǻһף˳ŵӰҶͶ
ħ磬ҪʧɲǼ䣬Ҷ㽫ս߶ﵽҲħȫչУһǰ֮־ħǰȥǵӰݺײһ
һײ֮£Ӱʱ飬Ϲ޻ʵʣƺһ˳ȥȻں׵ϡ
ȻûˣЦŻվԭأ̧ͷ顣
躣ףʱħ֮˾̾Ȼؽħȥ
ΪײңʴЦҲʹ֮һʱѣƬָ̱ܻƬ֮䣬Ի磬Ҫ
Ц·ҶѾһ㡣
Ҷȴҵ֮
ڷһײ֮ʣоħ綼һ˲еͻȻһĩսٵĸоͷ̲סһ
ħ㹻ǿټս֮ȴܽ鵲סþˣħ羹ȻҲֵвסȥȥħᱻľʱĽ֡
Ҷȫ֧֮ʣϵ躣ףȴͻȻ𣬴ӱԵױ˹Ե룬ħݺݺ
ټħҡβֹ˲ʧȥ˵ֿƶţѸٵȥ
ɣ͸һ˷ܵĹâҪ׷ȥһȴδָһԭվϢ
˵ֻƬָܻ̾ʵȴǲȻʹһ֮ȴںܳʱڷսˣһвŲʹãóȡɱ֮ЧԼҪΣա
æ类ը飬㱻ը֮󣬱ȥɨս١װ򶨵Цš
ҶʱȫһеҪ赲ĳƣŬ޷ʧܵľ棬ħвǿ飬ƶŲٶԽԽ졣
֪齫ƶ֮ӵ֮ʱջɲǼͻħķֱײ֮УĻԼУ
뵲ס
ҧ͸ѵһĳâȴǶƴ˼
ʱһֱħ֮УΪʻ֮һһȴʱͻȻ䷢ӳ޴гǿͬʱҲһӢеɭ֮˲ħ磬ƴޱȣ·Ҫеһħһء
ǡ
Ҷһ漴ӦǾȻǾͼ
ͼϻϹžʮλʵ󣬼ǿ̺޴Ӣ֮ط
飬ȴҲ壬Ӣ飡
Ҷǰһʱҵ˿ķӡһҪ߶һɾͼٵħںϡ
ԭЩȻѾħ֮Уȴûһ壬ħֻǽһֵԲŲܳΪǿĴڣ
š
ãҾӿںϣħؽǶɳԼʱֻҵħԴã಻ѷɫ
˷֮ȴȻֹΪ֣ԼηǾͼǲħ֮С
ǿҪںϣѶȡҶ㲻ҡͷһ̾Ӧҵв㹻Եʰɣӵ֮ղǰ˽ǿߣҲͲħʹ㱦ﱻɡ
ãұȽǵҴﵽ˽׵һգħһʱݺ£˭ܵУ
䣬ٲǿɾͼǽħ֮Ϊħ
ʱǿ͵鶯ȴóٻ·ԥ
Ҷ۾һٶȼǿͼƵֱӳħ磬һһ㽫סΡ鲻סţھͼɢӢ֮Ӱ£֮ȴԽԽվȻԹԵرţħ֮С
ʱħħâʥ֮ҲݺٽӢ֮Ҳ壬׷ֽ⡣
֮УػΪһССӢ㣬ɢΧĿУٱħ֮Χ£ѹһС
ʥȻ˹ȥУС˼£ʱٶ˵СһöӢ鵤
ȴҶ֮ı仯΢֮æһ֣Ӣ鵤㱻֮ŷ˹С
ϸӢ鵤ҶܸӦϵĴУȴһ䲻ǻӰĸоһöɢһ֮УħĿħԣʥߵʥ־һ˿˿γһϡ
ֵҩȴȹ̣ҶţʱʧĿܡҶһ֮̽ģսȡһöʯֱӷⵤҩ֮С
ʱһöӢ鵤˵Ĺâι̣һöĵҩҶϸ۲죬ħ˽⣬ȴִ˵ĵҩ޲ͬȫԷá
вһϲ
֮ǰʥ·ʯʹн֮ʱй̾ϧַϣԼɿһͬʥ֮š
գȴһµĿܣǾӢ֮ټϺʯΪУĵҩ
£Ȼǿֻȴֻһ˿ӵСΪӢ鵤ȴħ֮Ӣ֮ʥ֮϶Ϊһ۳ɹ
»˭ӵô»˭ͬʱô
£ﻹһħ磿
ѹסеϲãҶ㽫Ӣ鵤ս֮УĿһԶ
ʣ㲻Ҫ˵ȡҶڴ˴еȡ
һȣħ磬Զȥ


323 ׷ɱ
ǴźƵħ磬ʺ޺ҧ
ʱȴδָֻܻ鹥ȻǿޱȵһУĴҲǼ
ֻҲںؼһȴҪĵ֮ٻάӢ顣
ʹһ飬㼸ҪȥʱʹԼĵָ֮֮ǰΪ½˵ʵҲ½
״̬֮ǿнսѰ·
˧÷Ժʮ˧İ󣬼ûʲôʤһ
ʲǺǿ֮ˣΪߵ֪ʲôԼ˵ΪҪӲ⣬Ҵ˵زûбĺ壬Ҳ̸ӡ
Ҷ㣬Ҽסˣʺ޺ҧһӳһ躣ĵӰնħϣԼûִһŻС
㵲ס𣿡Ҷȴһȫƶ֮ʣħͻȻ٣һײһǿĵӰֱײǺŻ֮ϡ
ʴʱȻѾŻ֮Уȴδȫߣħһײ֮£ʱҽһŻ˳ȥȻǱħײˡ
ϧҶҡͷһ̾
ħٶٿһЩֱײϡѾȫսʣһײҪ
㲻ҪҲײ֫ƣ֮Լ
ȻʱȴײںŻ֮ϣֻ˵ʣֻҪúһʱ䣬ȻֻȴûʲôӰ졣
ƿҶŻһȣħŻײ֧飬ӲŻ֮ڣ׷ѰʵϢһ·ʹöݷ׷ȥ
ǱӣƬ̺ӦħϢܻ
壡Ҳһʱã֮Σ𣿡
ŭŭȴòһ˿־塣ٻǿһУһоȻҶӰ죬෴оҶħδǣʵֲ⡣
׷ʲôΪûл磿
ֵĶȥˣ
˼ֻƴӣҶں׷ᣬв¾ĵļƣּ
ʿǰ֮£۾Ϲ޻ʵǵĵҪǵֳ
УϹ޻ʵɢһ˳źٵңԶĺķȥ֮һϹ޻ʵУʱӦԶǿߵϢɫһϲһɶݶȥ
֮͵Ժ֮зӶһ޴֮Сһ֣֮еʱһ漴ֵذݵһأߺʱ꣡
ؽңʴһɲǼķת֮䣬ĵӰԲͬӶǰعڵء
꣡λʺ
ҵסǿУʴһ漴ǰȥתʧڽֵתǴ
ͬʱһȻ̧ͷȴֻǰкһʱңһϸ֮ӰҵСͻȻԺ֮г˳
վסӦСҶϢͬʱȣ͵һԾںУסħȥ·
ǵʿϣһ˷𣬲Ƭ̼䣬ǧ׵սʿԳи֣߻㼯
˿Ҷħ֮УؿһСλǿߣڣȴֱӶ֡
УһλǿѴﵽףĽףһףҲѾﵽ۷壬ΪӽĽסɼһоصĳǳأˣһеĶ
ףܴﵽ־磬ȴ֪ҪľѪܶҶ˲ԩпܣȴ׻ɱ
֮ǵס¡ΪǿߣҲħܲǣȻǣһ֡½и֣֪Ϊһ϶£һԨеİΪУΪУǿʱҲҪܵ뷴ԡһʻɸΪ񲯣ȴӮ𾴡
˧α½ˆ£׸ߣ˺£ֵķʣǴһ
⻰Ҷ㲻ҡͷһЦ׸֣ʵãȴԼǿҲֱ治ɵÿɰ
˲öԸһλ׸ֵ˵д˧ڣȫϣܽɱ˧ְɣⷨúܣܵõ׸һʣǴһ
һ˵һߴħ磬͸̰֮ɫ
һ׸ֵͷ˧ͲҪôˡһǼѰʥźûʱˣȴˡǿƼ֮أһǿߣһǿߣ½ʲôɱɣ
Ҫ嶯ǿɫһȻħ繰֡£һ壬Ըѵģֻǲ֪˼Σ
ܺáҶ㿴ǿߣͷ;֮У֮ܳʹǣҲǸϧͶֻ֪㵱ơ֮ˣо⣬һʶ֮ҲûУɼΡ
ҹ͸˵׸üҡͷ
˧ְɣһλ׸ȴ̲סһּ̧ץһ۳ɵĳ͵Ҷ˹ȥǽںһΪΪģ˲ϢγһƬħȥ
ССҲǰҫҶЦһħ֮ʱǧӭǽ
֮ʱͬѩգһֿ֮ҲûУ˲ɢΣЩұڣֱǰ׸ֲס֮ʣǿ߲ɷһҽС
ס֣Ǵ˧۷ź⣬ּ̧ӿһֻ裬͵ȥſںݺ˺ҧӲ˺һ·嵽ǿߣҧϲȳ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
֮ͽǿߴʱȴСżǰӭħּ̧䣬һ˾޴ĳǹ۳Σٽ˹ϣγһĴǹ
һǹ⹷ƨĻ֣ɱ㣡
֪֮ˣη⵹Ҷ΢΢һЦĿͻȻһ
ȴûʱǿպˣ
˲䣬ħָٿȻǰȥݺݵײǿߣǿȴ֪Žǹħ硣Ǿǹײħϣײ˼ʵĸ֮һ㣬һ±ײ÷顣
ôǿʱǿ߲žֱɫҪӡ
ѾˣħֱײϣһҽҲûü㱻ֱײһƬѪ⳾ɢڴ֮С
Ҷɫ䣬ٲ飬ħȻǰУһײɢǾ裬ײǿϡʱǿ߷ҽУ㻯һƬ֮


324 ڤŮ
ʲôôǿһǿɫҰףŵȫ
ҳڲ񣡡˧ȼŭ֮𣬲һеħһӿ˰⣬һʮɳľ裬Χ·ס
ַ·һֻ裬˻Ҫħ˺ҧ飬¶ȥ
Ǹţɱ֮ϧұһҶ㻺ħǰһײ޴ӣǾʱѣΪƬ˴˧ѪײԶȥֱˤУײһ֮ڡ
׸Ѿ˵ֵؽԶȥ
㷽Ҫɱңɱ㣬ҲһһҶһ˵һʹħ׷ȥֻһײ׸ֻѪ⳾
սʿʱδһĻһŵôסǿҲãҲãͣԭأǰ
ҶҲû˼ǣӣﲶ׽ʵϢȴֻѰ˿΢΢üѰټֱ׷˳ȥһݳԶټȴԽԽʧ
ϵˡʶһʹµϢĿȴǽԼ෴
ʱٻصԭأҲҵϢҶȴֻ̾
ʱԶȴпռӿѸٶҶʱϳǿռݷ֮ʱȫ䱸
ɲǼ䣬һƿһӣһŮǺзһɫװ磬Ը߹һſףĽ֮ġ
ҶˣȴһüΪŮӵòȴһˡ
Ǳ˵۹ĴŮ
òȻƣϢȴͬҶһ۱϶˶Ľá׷Լ֪ҪƴʲôĿġ
ʲôˣʡ
ŮӴϢһħ磬һ˿η壬ȴǹһ񣺡λǶ½ǿߣҶҶүɣ
ңҶʡ
֮УѾ˲֪үŮ΢΢һЦү޻ӡʽ֮ٽ˵۹ȨʣаȻˣĺ
ãҶʡ
ŮƮȻһ񣬡˵۹ڤŮŮ㣬вͬҵľȴԽԽԶֻ޲ܽΪ·ˡ
ŮĻȴǶԴŮвҶʡ
Ȼͷ֮˿ֻűĺ˧ͽң½ĴҡʽΪ˱һ֮ȴһн۹ʣȴǲĸҼͬ£һ֮΢ȴ޷ֹʽ㣬޷ֹʡ
׷ңѵΪҽˣͬԿĽʣҶһ
κһ飬ԪӦˣˣȻ½ϲֻͬҪǻɵ磬һбȻԴĲͬ˼෴˼ʹ˹Ķǡ
⵹ǸûᡣҪǲ֮£Ҳû塣彨ȴͨǻеı֮̽Ԩøô
ȻƾԼֻ̽հ֮Ҳ̽鲻ꡣ
ʹԼǿںΣ裬ȻǴ¡
ȷˡͷ֪ðүδظţʵ޼ƿʩˡȥڴŮŽһ𣬾ǿҲ޿κǡڴŮѾҪǳ˵۹֮ȴû˴ǣȺףͳһɢɳˡ
˵ţɳ̾
Ҷħ֮ȴв٣šһ㣬սħڣԼεǰ
Ҷ㱾ˣ۾һүһ˲ţȻǷס˵ز˵֮үң
롣Ҷһͷ
֣һƿڣȽУҶһɶݶȥԽ󣬳˺һ󹬵Ժ֮С£Ҷһ·һڡ
ڿһˣҲûУһЦ¹شȴõڶ֪ҵĸҲʱ֪ȴǵүˡ
޷ҶҡͷŮ½ȷǺ¡ֻ֪ŮҺ
˵ģһʱûмƲߡ̾˿˵۹½ϵ۹ͬһλƹܣ¸ȴ÷Ⱦ֮ȴγľ
ȻңӦмƽϰɡҶԹɫ֪ǻԥܻ̽΢΢һЦ
˵۹ԣǱʣǼƲŮټϲŽһעⳡ籩ǰֻӡ֮УȴѾû㹻ǶԿʣԴŮľҲֻѰԮ֮У½˲٣˽ΪǶԣֱʽȴҲ⽻ԣǵ
ǡͷҶүȴƺǶг϶ˣҲ뵽ҪҶү֮ʵ˵ˣҶүֻҲϣܽ赽֮ɣ
Ҷ̹׵ͷΪҪǣ˫Ϊǿ֮ƣҶԿǱ½ǿߣңԻһ˵۹ʹ֮ʲбͳΣ˫Ӯ
˶٣˵Ůҵ֮ǰַͨҼԵ顣Ҳ֪Ҳ̰ͼȨ֮ˣȴеЩ½ϰǲͬҰǣ಻ͳ֮ģֻǸȡ衣
ʵ˵ȷʵˡͷĿ塣ҶүȻǣ룬ȴȫˡˣҲ㲻ˡҶүֿʣҰŽԻʽ㣬Զʧ޻ӡΪƷĵλȡ֮
ãҶһЦ̹ϣǺ֮²⡣ȻҲκҲãҾ㲻ɱٿ޷֡
Ҷүһսδ׼ԶԶӦϢȴ֪ȴǰ֡һЦǣұ㿴һ˿ϣͬʱҲҶү֮ʵ뷨³ִ٣ȴǵһƻˡ
Ҷ㲻Цˣ֮Ц
ֻȴ㡣Ҷ˵Ȼ޻ӡΪɣ˵۹Ըҡ
⡭һɫһ졣һȴû뵽Ǻã
޷ҶһЦһת֮䣬ʱħеһԼϸסת˲仯һűףϵƤҲȫһɫ
ȴǾͼһλˮʵֱȡ˳仯ɻΪԼá
Ǻá۾һ漴ҡͷϢ
δ˵꣬㾪ȵصɴ۾ΪоҶһɴȴһϢ
⡭ôģ̲סѵԭ壿
ҲɡҶ뿪Ц˵
ڣħӿݣħǲͼ̺


325 豩
ҶⱾ죬ȲѣȷҶǵˣ似Ī⣬ֻܾ֮ΪѣΪ֡
±̶Ҷ˵ǶԸʣǶԸҪҰһЩ¡
Ҷү˵ɡһͷһȫ쵽
Ҷ㿪ڣȴһ֮Ƿڹڣ
һüҶǸȻһЦ϶ǹ˴£κ˶˴ҵġҶүԺȥ
һȥɡҶ˵ҲϤһҡ⣬ƸʿҵͲţΪǡ
ȴǾͼеһλϹʣҶʱʹõģҲֱֹة֮⣬Ҳ֪ʮλϹ˭
áһͷ
˳˹棬ȴһλ˽ڽغ֮ʣʹ䲻ȴɴԶ͸ݣС
£ǽæǰʩ񣬼Ҷ㣬ȴ¶ɻ
λƸʿܡ
ǽһ
ôʡ
εĵ۹Сæ𣬡ҪҹᡢҪԼϸĿҵʵӦֻá
ʲôȻŭ˵۹ȻȫɴŮ֧䣬漰֮£ŮȨģҴŮдȨȴҲδʹãΪʾԸ𾴡δʲôˣô˴󵨣
󽫾æش𣬡ʵĵܵܣ豩ˣǴŮΪġݳ¿ȴ˵۹Ĵɡ
˵۹Ȩδȫ˶Ϊһߡ
£ȼ豩˰ɡҶ˵
ԭħѹȣһڱ㻯һ̶ּȴԵüǹ죬һɭ֮ǽ֮Ҳɸе塣
ߣһŭ𣬴ǰȥʱһ֮С
ףһʼΪƣ̬Ϊ׳Щ˴ֵڱ֮ϣ§סһеŮ̽仳д󣬲סЦǹŮɫ֣ȴҷȫֹס֡
סʲô֣࿴㣬ĸһŮ˵Ҫޣʱٺú㡣Ȼ豩ˣ˿̵Цһࡣ
ס֣÷ŭһ
豩һſ˹Ůվ۾ʱԳһ̰а֮ɫ
ѽ˵ڤŮ£Ůһ㣬òһ㣬̬˽һ֪ŮǱȴлҪ˰豩аЦ
ĶıϷŮǻòͷ˰ɣ۴ŭ⣬
Ҳ㡣豩װһȵӣһ֡βãŮ²֪ҲӦá㿴
˵ţȡһֻˮӡ˸
˵۹ӡɴŮ衣˵ңʵͬܵ豩ˣǰ˵۹ְְ֮ѲҲܴŮ֮УŮЭ󣡡
һץһףһǴŮµʥּԼɡ
һץУȴҲֻһָ豩ˣ˵۹УһǴŮ£֮Ϊ۹࣬ҵ֮£ҵҪо֮ҹұϷҹŮõ
ʲôﲻġ豩˵Ц˵Ů£Ƕ֮ǰϹˡŮҲѾӦ޸һ֣˵۹Ļʵۣ֮һʱһйضضΪþͿԸһȣһʵĵܵأ
ŭһ
豩һ䣬£ЦҲзʱУѵúһ룬۾Щ˵۹£һֵ¡֪ôñ⣬ȻԱλȻ
Ȼǿŭ
Ȼ׽ҸУһ޵С檣ÿս㰴ڴҲֻţ豩Цһ
㡭˵ӿ
ʱһִҴϷ£豩˵ЦȫʱҪ֡
ºüıҶʱȴ俪ڣһ˿֮ȴ΢΢һŭҲ΢΢ƽϢЩ
ʲô豩һ
¹ԴУŭŮ£ҪŮ³֣ˣñ²Ůʥֻּ˵۹ࡢŮʹ壬£ʹᣬϵλʱڤ֣ŮҲ֣ˡ
ҶЦȴһ
豩ɫһ䣬סҶ㣬дŨصɱ
˼ƻ˱ɵõһͬʱҲѾõõ֣ҶֻôһλССƣȴȫ̼ƻգջ
ʲôŮ˵Եķݣ豩߳ŭ
˱ƸĸʲôŮµдСУҶ˵ȴϡҪŮо֮񣬾㽫Ҫ˹أҲǽ֮£˵۹еģȴǴǰء㲻ӣΥ񣬱Ǵɱ
ɱ豩ʱŭһɱ˵
һ˲仯˵ˣΧǰ˷ͬһףɢĪѹʵߣֻֻǸӦϵѹһս
͸ɱ⣬лҶ˹ȥƷ֮䣬ʱƶˮлһھˣУȴ㱳˶Ҷֱȥ
һƾˣҶʱ豩ȻаŰܼǸһ򣬵ȷʵˣȴǳ߽׵ĸ֡Ȼǿ󣬵Ҷ㿴ȴЩ鸡߽ײã绹δȫߡ
˵ĽĦ͸ʵ۷߽еĶǿߣҶǰҲֵô豩һСС߽½ʲô
Ů£֮һãһϷ˿Ҷħڣȴ޷š
һȫҶǺ⣬ʱһĪͻȻΧӣʹһǰҶǰȴԼ嵲һ
ɫһ䣬ܵ뷢ֿʱһɾס壬Ҷ𣺡·ģˣҽ֮Ƭ̼Ȭ
һ֮䣬һѾǰܵرۣһ
ȻһУһֱӴϣеһԾһҧʺȽһѽ
ֻǰڵ֮£ȴûһĻ
УڵϣѪȾǰ


326 ෽ͻ
£
£
Ľˡ
ܵĽʿǼˡ
ӦϢĶŮҲˡ
һʱ䣬֮ӿһʿ͸ŭ׺ɱγȡ豩˻
⡭豩ɵˡȫûϵȻʱȥʲô
ۼڵϣѪֲ΢΢Ҳе¡Ī˵ڴʱ˵أҲһãȴδʽȨһ֣֮ʱҪŭ
ʱֻ¶Կ𣬾ڣҲԳɹ˵۹
οʧӦ޸𣿻Ӧ˵۹
һʱ䣬豩˸оԼ˴䤱
豩ˣôӣҶָȣΪ£Ȼɱһ˭Ȩ
ҡұҪɱ㣡豩˻æ⡣
ڤĸ࣬ŮµĳӣдҲŮ´ңȴкȨɱңҶкһ㷽״ȻҵϷŮ£ѱɫãˣȴȽڣǿЦ
ʵĵܵΣнŭ𣬡ڤʿҪҲСڱǰ񣡡
ɱһŭ豩ɱ
豩ɫʵ뾭ɱȺһͲ壬ڤìܱؽԼǻʵĴ£Ȼ׵ܵܣҲҪܼش
һתȴ⣺ɴ಻һ֮Դȫˣ
Ҷ㿴ȴ罫͸һ㣬ֻһЦ
豩зŹ⣬ʱ֣ǰӿһˣԼ˸͵ػһ֣˺һѿڣС
ҶĿһֽһħڣǱͲصƣʱȬҶһǴͷ˲ᣬҪڵҽΣκ˲ôţΥɱ
ǽ׿˵Ƹ࣬ǽۼΪȻϧֵ豩һȻ֪˹ϵһ㣬æӦȴûԥ
Ҷһ֣ʹ޶ݷ˲ʧȴǶʲôڵ׷Ѱ豩˵Ϣ׷˳ȥ
ҶүǷ档̲ס̾˾ȻɲǼȬȴʲô
һȴ塣ҶһЦȻ½岻ͬ
½˶ַ𣿡̲סʡ
࣬Ҳ١Ҷð١
豩һ·ɱӴܣҶʼں׷˫ľȴԽԽ豩˲ɽηȴתۼֱҶ׷ϣɫһɢ۲ܣֻһƬһתͣ
Ҷ˲׷ǰͣ¡Ҷһ豩ˣܵõ𣿡
Ϊǣ豩Цֻڤж֣ỵ˻ֵĴ£ǲ֪ô׷֮أһʲôΪǴŮãұ㲻Ҷ㡣Ҿͽ£ΪС檣ҸУҲ֪
˵˴ȴ¶а֮⣬̲סЦ
࣬ͳҡͷЦұɲɱ㣬ֻƾһͷɣ
ƴػʲô֮˰ɣ豩˶סҶ㣬һаЦҽձɱȻ㣡
֮䣬һӿ˲佫ҶΧУǰ˵֮УһϣΧס
ͻȻ֮䣬豩̧һȭȭ֮ʣ֮ݣһеȴٲֻ߮׷׵Ծˮ棬һſҶҧ
һˣǾ޴ζںлû˸ݣͬĳǹһҶ
ɱңҶЦƾСС
ֱһſһбʱһɾ޴£ȴħȭȭʱ⶷ȭȭȴս֮ϣ޴·涼һȭУ·ȥ·صȫϵ㣬ҲرһƤ
ɲǼ䣬ȭɽ£𵴿ռ䣬һѺۡ
Ƶ£ǰһʱˮɢȥ
ôôǿ豩˼Լɱ׾ͱҶƵȴųһ亹һ˼ȴʱתӣ˲Ѷݳ
һﵨɫȴδྶͥҶ㲻ҡͷһЦʻҪ׳ȴηֻһбѹʱߣǺ¶ݵ壿
ҵ˵һСʰչˣԾ࣬ܳԾĵرﵽʵ˵Ҳ⿿ɽԼƴʱһΣձֻ֪Ӱɡ
簮ˣȻ١ҶһͷҪ׷ȥʱƾսȴоһɺƴ֮ڿٵؽӽ豩ˡ
ϢȴҶһϤĸоϸϸӦȴ΢΢һĽĦ棿ôͻȻǰҿֱ豩˶ȥѵ豩˵ģ
£ϢһȥҶʹ֮ԼϢǰ£Ǵȥ
Զ豩˶Уһȴ羪𣺡ʣСˣ˵Ǻʥźȴ෴ǿյһһ˶úôǵɵϷˣΪ±ô˽𣿡
Уһλ׳߳һƥսɱһײǺռ䣬ס豩˵ȥ·
豩һ֮¼æͣסˣĿгɻ󣺡Ǻˣ
ԪӦĽĦ棬ʱ豩ˣҲһ´ԽԽӦʣȴƺﲻԣ̲סһ㲻𣿡
һ֡豩뵽ĽĦ֮ԣȴ֪Էⲻƣæ͡ĸ磬Ϣͬȴˡ
ôһǲˡĽĦ豩ˣü漴һںδ
Ȼʹ֮С豩΢΢һЦ½ԪӦɣҪ֣ҿǰȥ
ҵ֮Уһǿ߽ҰΧ⴦ңĽĦһЦú⣡
豩Ҳŭʡ
ҽձ㽫£ȥϢʥź׵ܵܡĽĦһЦԸԸǾͿǷ׵ܵܵˣ
ô豩һ֮䣬аһȭʱĽĦȥһзԾĽĦҧȥ
ССҲǰŪĽĦЦ̧һץĲУһ۳һ߻ǰˣʱΧ÷飬һ費ӽĽĦ棬޾Ա㷢һ˻ʵʣϣʱжóٻ
ĽĦݻӶĲ棬֮һһơ
ĽĦʵ豩־ʱҪߡ


327 ֮
ǹȥҶӦǱϢ仯һʱɶݹȥס豩ˡ
ǡ׷ǰж½أ豩˲ɾ
ĽĦȴҲһʱȫ䱸֡
豩˷ӦҲ죬龰ʱһתͷһߴҶΣǶһ󺣵ܲЩ½ǰɱɣǵ¹ٽλǻֶԸ½˰ɣ
סڣҶһȴĽĦҲΪԼʵĵܵܣΪΪŮڵԲѷֳִ˱£
˵꣬ȻĽĦһ֣£λڤŮ£˵۹ŮáŴŮ˴½ˣнڣðһ䣺ܷǻɱˣ
ðĽĦ治ɴЦɱЩˣҵĿǽãñƳ
ҲáҶʾ£һͷ£дޣϲͳ磬¼ȻʶԿ֮⣬ְɣ
ǡ豩ҧͻȻŤӡ
ӣĽĦһһٴĲ棬֮һ½豩˽
ƣ豩һ󷢺ݣܰӿɾУһ½նƣ
ĽĦЦţĲǰ̳һֱ豩˺Ķȥ豩˲òԿ佫ƣȴúһһʱҡΡ
ĽĦһ̶ֱ豩ǿֿȴƵˡҶʹ˸ɫһǰȥס豩ȥ·̧֮䣬һΪ㣬豩˴ȥ
Ҷͷųͼ֮ˮΪֳɱ豩ˡ
Σ֮ʣ豩˵ڱҧݣȴһеػˣȻȺҶĹƣȴǱĽĦһųڸϣòҽһ򺣵׹䡣
鼱֮£ȴǽ׹֮ƣʹݷԶȥ
ߣĽĦһ޾Է㣬˲׷ȥҶʹݷ׷ȴһ
ģʱٳ֡˵
һ˵ȴһ߶סĽĦµ޾ԡ
˵еǿȻֻĽĦݱطģޱȡҶо˾ԵѾĽĦֻĽĦδȫ˽޾ԣȴδܽȫӳ
ڵԼвս֮ȫһ㡣
ܽᵽ֣ħ֮Уħ罫һ̣øǿҵ̱øΪ񣬽Լ֮֮дȵ
Ҫ޾Ū֣
ԪӦǷ·ڤѪծҲûˣ
ĿסԪӦǿߣںһ䣬ȴй¶һ˿ϢֻԼ
ĽĦȻҶ㼫ϤҲϲҶ㾹ȻԸıϢŪһʱߣĽĦٶɣҲ뵽ǰɫŹֵ壬ȴҶαװˣȫ⣬ֻһ׷豩ˡ
޾ԣʱ˻˻֮Խ˲豩˵ıϣ豩ҡһ£ʱ³һѪҧ͵һȴǲϵصۣջһʮɵľ衣
ԪӦΪ㣡ţұƴһս֪֮һΪұģ
ƴһսĽĦ治ɴЦ漴ĿɭȻǸ𣿡
ͣסȻɽ壬Ǽ裬ȴ¶˲м֮ɫ
գұ֪ʲôǿ֮СС࣬½Ŀ֮ʳ浱ԼߣɭȻЦһ޾ԣʱǰڿ̤֮䣬ͻȻһֻ޴ͷ̧һֻǰ㣬Ǿݺ̤¡
Ǿ賤ʮɣ·һҴһ㣬˹֮ɫ䣬һȣȴԵСһ̤֮£ʱ̤亣ף廯һ⣬ɢ·Ǳʦ˵۵һ㣬Ť壬ȴ޷ѡ
豩˷ʹĺУȴֻܼĽĦԡЦţ䣬ͷų޴ѹǾһը飬µ豩򱻾һ̤ſѪϹϡ
ֻʣһ˿Ϣȥ
СС߽׳޾ҸҶĽĦЦһֹһ䣺ΪԼҶ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȴһֱ˹һײȻ㺳һץ㽫豩ץУһֻԶɶݶȥ
ĽĦ治һ漴ŭʲô˵֮䣬һ޾ԣʱɱǰ׷ȥ
ǲɱȣҪдôɱˣҪʴңʲôڤգ
ҶүǺ⣿һҶɶݣһ߲ʡ
ǴսѾ˶ʱڲɢϢҶһЦһǱɽ豩֮ƵλԪӦĽĦϣȴ鷳ˡ
ˣ۾һȻȴ
ҲǡҶһҡͷĽĦȻ֪֮ΪԼһ̳ȴǿЦʽֻ֣ᱻɱȻһﾡУȴֲô
Ҷүڣʡ
ұϾ᳤ڤҶ˵ǿֻҲ޷ɱڤΪɱܳˣֻڤҪдѡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬漴ͷҶүܵڴ˶лˡ
ؿҶͷһۣһЦǲǸȡ衣һɱĽĦ棬Ϊҷڤ񱨳˳ķǿҵԸ֮ʱֶһְա
㣡ϵ˵
ȴǲáҶҡͷһЦˣлϢ㲻ĽĦȻǿ󣬵ȴҲʲôҿʰɡţǱѾ֮ңǶֵĺõط
˵ţͻȻ˳ݷںаȻһ֣ȴս֮С
ĽĦܿ׷ǰԶܣһŮأڰ͵ϮСҸ㣬½֮ݺ޵еԪӦ֮ЩСǰ
˵꣬ҶѾ½ݺ޵УԪӦҲ˼˵Ļ˵ˣ޹ĸʵ۷˰ɣڤ¦˰ɣ˵Լùǣ൱һˣ֮ǰش㣬㶼ˣǰҲ˵Լݺ޵У
㡭ĽĦһϸҶ㣬ɻ󡣡㵽ʲôˣ
ԪӦô𣿡ҶһЦȴȫαװ
Ҷ㣡ĽĦ澪ʧ


328 ޾ԣ
ټԪӦǷипģҶ㿴ĽĦ棬Ц
пƨĽĦݺҧû뵽㾹Ȼ˱£ȴ˹֮СַȻαװϢ
ЩЩСԪӦǰŪҶ˵ԪӦһսԪӦɲҪѧ֮һ㣬ֻ֪ܡ˲ܻöˣʺߡ
˵ţͻȻץѾ豩˳һһһʥħ硣滥ͻĹ밵֮ͬʱʱ豩˻ɱʬҲ٣Ϣ಻֡
㣡ĽĦ˫۷졣Ҷ㣬̫ˣ
Ϊβܵ⣿Ҷ㷴ʡԪӦŷҷڤ߾ɱӷڤ಻ԣˮ֮СԪӦ֮ȴŬ֮ڰѩҲԪӦλٸ£ԪӦΪڤãսӴҷڤٲս֮࣬Ϊβܵ⣿
㣡ĽĦüѪ˵ʲôѩɶҵλ
ļӶսҶĽĦľļҲǺӣսµǸĽĦ̫ˣȻԼֵܵƣһӶݶȥϧղûߣöˡҲԪӦҪһ
Ҷ㣡ĽĦ۳ѪȻŭ֮£ϵĺëҲ𣬷Ұһķ񺿽Сҽղɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
Ҷ㵭һЦ
ҪľЧҪģĽĦΪʹΪʧȥһж񱩡
ΪλԪӦǿٶߣõĴ̼ʽԼޱ䣬ĽĦǣʱҲѱ侲ӲᣬʱҲҪеĸ顣
˸飬бˡзŭͻҶ㲻ݣ
˵λӣ
ҶĿĻֹڴˡ
ǹҪĽĦּʧȥһеʹ࣬ΪҲĽĦҪծ
ԪӦλŷ߹أڤλɢ
ҪʹҪʹ
Ĳ棬׺
ҫĽĦ棬λԪӦǿߣʱͬҰޣ߸߾Ĳ棬м֮
ںˮŤţͬһⷢߣɲɢǵĻϢ·ֻҪһ£ǾͿԽһƬ򶼻
Ҷ㣬ҽɻңըĽĦ淢Ŀɱ趯ֲ棬Ϊ޴Ҷȥ
ףҶһЦûȴʱʱ׺Ҳʲô
ȭ磬ҶֻôһӱۣȭӰɽ纣αڣһһ㣬һ
ƣ
֮ͨȭ֮УȵĶħս⣬ȭ֮һʹķΪ֮ҡ·һȭսȭݺἤδѾΧĿռһȭ֮ƺʱɢƵ籼ǰֱӴ֮ϡ
ķΪ֮ȭССܳܣе׹ɲ֮䶼춯·ǳĩľʯʱܶӣֻܹڵأ̾
֮Ҳܻһеľ޴ŤССԾУ֧ŲסһһһƵѡֻɴĵ˿һСҲ˺
һȭҶĿ⴩͸غˮͶĽĦϡĿᣬĽĦо泩
Ҫ⣡ţĲ󳷣ڲϡΣ£һ壬ڲ֮ϣսĲȫ֮һ֮档
ĽĦֽ̧ĲĲҫ֮п󣬻ɳＸɵ޲档
Ĳ棬ף
ڱۣǰƶ·ƵĲһ˲棬һΡɽ塣ĽĦ﷢ȫĲҶ㡣
׹䣬Ĳǰ׵ںУȴγһӰ·һλʱڲϣֽԼעУںһ壬ҶҪһٺɻҽ
ʥħ磡Ҷ˵硱֮һָ䣬һâҫһ˲ͻһʥħɵ硣һʥ֮άȶӭײ棬һ½֮Χ
ײʥħ֮Уʱ㷢ӳ֮׵ҪʹԼ
磡ĽĦʱȴһԳȻ֮ɫͷҲһ¾
磬ڰ˽ǿߵԶԶ߽ǿ߿ռ֮ϵĸǿ֮
Ҷ㾹ȻѾﵽ˰˽ףܣôܣ
ҡ
밵ѭţԿţĥ֮ʹĲԽϵȻһ±ըĲȴָֻͨӣľ·ֻһ
ըȴҲʥħ綯ȣڿʼѡ
ȫ֮ǰҶȴһ֣һ̣֮޲еѺۣȻһ£Ҷָ֮£ĽĦֱӷȥҪΧУɱ
ͬʱһָֻһһѾĲһԼߡҶһѽץסħ˲ˮУôĲþ֮ʣɢĽĦԼħעڣٶսռ֮С
ȴ˲ĽĦһ˲õķ
Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼ֮ȷʵ̾ĽĦ䣬ȴһַȻҶȴһһһ˿ѡ
Ϊ߽֮˰˽֮ɱң˵¦ʵǿ˷ڤãȴ׷ɱң֪ΪΣΪ޾ԣֻҴķƷȴǹ޾ԷƷҼĵر֮ʹΪӽϹŷ޾ԣҲϧ֮ȼռӳ޾ܷ֮Ӹǿ¦ҲСӣ
˵䣬һ߰ɢʹĿøΪ䡢¡
ӵеһУ֣֮޿أȴòƴˣҧ˵ˣһҪ˵һ䣺Ҷ㣬ʥź֮δˣ¦շڤãǶҳ֮ʡڴʱƵƴ沢ϰɣ硭
ĽĦ棬ˡҶ㿴ЦֵȻЦݴʹĽĦģҧźݣٲ˵һ䣬ֻǷһ
Ϲ˫Ĳԭ֮񰡣Ұҵҵ궼㣬̤֮ķģ֮˼ɣ
ȫó죬ûһ˿Թʣ·ԼҲΪޡ


329 ħ
ĽĦĺһҵϢ
ǲֻռ֮ǵ֮ǳǿߣʹҪҲ޷ıԴ֮
ʧ˵Ҳߵ˾ͷ
ͬʱȫӣҲǾ˵ģ
Щͬˮһ޾ڼУ޾Է·һƥѪħϽյԼ壬Ҳ˾޴ı仯
ԭɫϣظֳһЩ·һͼ󣬲תΪ޾ṩĪ޾ԵųʣϹǽڱ죬һװıƤ
ʱͬһƥؼս̤ˮķռ䡣
ҶԺ͸ʵ۷ЭԺЭԺЭ֮оЭһǺڤɹɱ¦ǣǼӺҶΪڤ߹غĽĦ档
ˣɱ֮ˣκЭأ
ʱ޾ԣҶĿˮ˿Ϊ̧֣͵һȭ֮𣬺ȻĽĦ档
ĽĦѾȫ仯ûһ˿Թʣͫ۰ȫ˳ɫɢѪȵĺ⣬ȴ·ѾΪͬʱϵϢҲøŨءǿ󣬷·һһ㡣
ƣֻЦУȭ
죡
һս׵Ĵȭ֮Уסпٵ֮˫ս͵һǰȭӸƵȭն˹ȥһ֮£ȻסƵȭơ
ȭƲδ٣ǲϵ޸ţˮ֮ڷгǧٵӰ⻪֮䣬·ǽ󺣻棬ǣѤöʵơ
֮УҶĿˮȭ֮Уȴʹսķ֮øǿᡣȻ䣬Ƶȭ仯ȴǷֳݣһݴ䣬һԵضϻһȻ˷ȥ
졢ءķȭȶȭ֮У屻ôѣеսȻըѳɷۡҽУֹҶȭƣȭƹĽĦȥ
˻޾Կдʵʣ·ԶŴ𣬻һȻƵȭƵס
ţ޾ӿһɺƴϣȻʱĽĦȫʹҲ仯޾һĺɫˣ
һһڴ˼ͻȻ϶Ϊһ
һȭĽĦҲ仯һɳƵĽ֮ս졢սءսķȭ֮ңȻҪһȭ硣Ӧ籮ɣ
籮ܷľҶҡͷ
ʲôĽĦʡ
Ҳǵ֮ˡҶ㻺Ϊ϶Է⽫κܶĽĦ棬ҪҲͿɡ
ĽĦЦЦ
㣡
Ŀһ䣬͵ſǰоȻӰֱײȭơ˲䣬ǿȭ߽⣬Ϊޡ
ƾСɱ𣿡ĽĦС
ҵ͹ԪӦҶ㻺ͷϾǳưһߣУ֮ҲӦóȫԴǡԪӦȼ꣬Ⱦǲ֮׷飬Ҳ䡣ãҾʶңǿֵزɣ
֣ǿħʱڵԼڡҶϥħУ֮ɢ˲ʱħΪһ塣
ʱһħʥϢռ֮ħܻ׳ޱȣ·֮ǽٴ֮С
ĳ֣ȴӰΧĻˮȻǺˮڣ಻ż⺣֮У⺣֮⣬Ϊһ磬ʵص
Ȼ֮ĽĦĿڳһ㾪㵡
㸶꣬ŻȴͨԼڷܡŬ˶ӵҶ˵ĽĦ棬һǿߵʱѾ£δȴҪѪİˣˣѾߵ˻֮ʱɣ
һħĽĦֱײȥǿֱĽĦֹ֮֮ϲҡΡ
ܣĽĦ汩ţһСС󱲣𲻹СΪӵҲģҲ䣡ҪɱռΪУҵ޾ԱӵϹŷ޾һ޶ʵұ㲻򸶳֮κˣ
еķ֮ɫԽԽŨ𣺡
޾Ե쳹ķз׹⣬ĽĦĿ⻥Ӧ̧͵ǰһ̤УʱǾ޴̧һֻ㣬ħݺݵزȥ
һ£ȴ֮𣬷·һ̤֮Уȴսս⡣֮ӿռ֮ݺķסħ磬ʹ롣
ɱĽĦţУӿһϢͬһ𣬿ٵ֮СʱҲֳһֺɫ·֮һס
ħ磬ǿߣܸñ˰ɣҶĿ˸֮㣬һȡħħ֮УҲԼԭҰħ֮Уһʥħ硣
ħ缤עħ֮УҶ򲻹һеطӳȫȻҲƴȼ֮߶ħ
ȴͶ·Բ֮ΪžԵšֻҪɱĽĦ棬޾ԣʱħ磬ħ罫ԲʱΪǿ󣬶ԼһҲΪõ޸
Լ֮䣬һͷɡԼƴʥҲ෴ֻ˶Լħ磡
һȴѺˡ
֮ʼȼ֮ʱһħȴ𣬴ħʱһ̰Ҷ֮ħȴ׷׽ظҶ㣬Ҷȴоص֮ȻԼĻҪǿ
ʱһħȴ·Ǳͬʱ⿪ĳַӡһ㣬һħһħһƬƬħ⣬ʱʢħһʢ·ħʱͬʱһ㡣
лʥҶѵõ¶飬ƤһЦȷʵЩӣ˷ʥͣ޹ʥͣҲз֮ʱʥշӡħ֮ķԭҰɡʥ½⣡
һЦ֮Ŀȴһ֮ɢķħںΪһʱӦħ֮ħзڣħõĹ⣬ٵػһԼʱһá
ħ֮⼯Ϊħ绯塭ҶһգһһЦ
ĽĦ棬һħڣ
һ֮У̧ǰһƣħħħⶼеһ𣬻һ޴Բһ͵طΪһ֮Ȼ䣡


330 ԪӦ
ƴħ⣬ΪһȻ·ȴ֧صһ㡣
â֮Уױڷ䣬˲ͻ֮ϡǾ޴ɢǿҵĹƣһ½÷飬֮
ţͷҵ˻һ൹ȥδˤں֮ǰѾɢ飬Ʈܡ
ֻһڣƺܻʧٲټħڵȴδʧֱϣȻһ·档
ǡĽĦǳ͸֡
ǿֶΣҵħǰҲҪҶȻּ̧䣬ħħеĹâٴۡ
ֻ֮ǰһڣȴ̫ħ⣬ʱִ֮ٶۣȴ֮ǰ
ԸĽĦ棬ȴѾˡһƣ򼤵ǰΪȻʱǹ䣬ӭĽĦȥ
֮֮磡ĽĦţͻȻǰȫʱͻȻһĺΧһһ϶ΪһһģŹֵħ֣ǰһºݺײǹ
У˿ţһƬ·𻯳˺ɫ硣
Щ˿ڿһƥ֮ǰʥȴԵħŹײ
ײħڵĹϣʱɢңħڹҲ֮һͣĽĦڴʱݺһײ
ԲҶ㻺ҡͷֻۡ
һħڵȫ汬ǹâ˲ͽĽĦ޾ԵӰȫڸǣǾ޴ƻɢޱϢһĲҽ֮дһӰٿȻȥǾԶˤ亣ס
ʧһƥںУȴûаͬһֱͦͦź׹ȥ
ˤȥҶ֮䣬һ֮֮ס˲קħ֮С
ڽħɲǣ޾ƺǸӦ˾޴ΣգͻȻƴҶ΢΢üһҲҵħ֮г磿
ּ̧ȭȴ磬Ȼ𣬾޴ֱӽ޾Դ÷ڶˤ䡣
ʱȴǺľȫ붯ҲٶˡҶǾ裬һʥħ罫֮ս֮С
£ʰ½ǿߡҶƶħǰȥȴ˳Լһͬħ봦ǰȥ
ľش磬ֻеÿһħޱߣɸ̾˵ﵽ˽׵ǿߣ֮ȴû뵽˿Խ֮ģ
ȴ˲ķΪҶšڴ˵ʿȴдôȻڴ˵ܴջ񡣡
ˣŰɣŵϢȴطħȻһԼϣƶԼ췢չɾǿҶүôģ
ҶһЦȴֻͣ˵Ϊߣ裬ֻҪڣҽԿɴħ֮£Ը⣬㳤ڴ޷
ħ磿ɶݣһħͷ̾Ҷү˼ɣȻ뵽һ硭˭Ҳ֪ǷħڣҶүħ磬ǡ
ҶЦЦħͬԴˡ
ܱ֪£ȴѾˡȥ΢Ȼ͸¶һ˿㣬ڵ֮УѾе֣ԵʵԵţħ֮й¶һ㣬Ѿʲô
գ֮䣬ħѾĽĦ׹䴦Ҷ̧һץħһ֮ɾ֣ĽĦԺ
ʱλǿԪӦѾ˿Ǻ֮ɫȴδˡħ磬ݺҧҪȴûǰ
Ҷһ֣ǾʱĽĦ涪ħ֮Уˤڵϡһħ󷨵ĽĦ壬ʹһ˿վ
ʲôȵſеҶ㡣ȻҲȥ֮
ħ󷨡Ҷ㵹
ħ󷨣ĽĦĬţĿͻȻüſҶҶ㣬Ҳݺһĸ֣հ֣ȴͻȻ죬ǿҲܽ޶ȡҶ㣬ԸΪӣֻҪҲʲôӦ㣡
˵ʲôҶĿһ
㲻ǻҪԸ¦𣿡ĽĦ潹˵ţʵ̫ǿ˷ڤ޵зƾһ˵ɱģΣǶѣϤĵϸ㣬һձɱ𣡡
ĽĦ棬ԭΪ㻹һֵۣþ֮ʱȴ̫ʧˡҶ䡣
ĽĦ͸һĨɫ漴ʧ
ΪҿʾƭҾ֮ͼսһɱҶЦΪȹƿƭùң̫СԼ̫Сң
Ҷ㣡ĽĦڻָ糣͸ޱɱҽ֮Уڣ㲻ϵΣȼһɱ㣡
˵ţȻһȫ֮ɫ͵ӿɹ׽ΧһԾſеҶ㹥ȥ
ҶүСģһʱҪ
Ҷȴһ΢΢ҡͷͬʱһֻֻΪȭͷǰȻһħ磬Ǿһ´ĽĦϣ˲ͽΧС
ɺޣĽĦţҶ㣬ԪӦ֮½һݺһôɱңΣ
˵꣬ҶĿһ䣬ǺħʱڵĽĦϣʱķѡ
һҽУҲģ֮֮ôҶëͷСУôʧȥһУҲ
˵꣬Ѿȫ𣬽ҲһͬϣٲһĽĦˡ
ĽĦ棬ծˡҶǽɢ֮ڤյĴñԴˣڤԶǱ˵еĻȪǿֲĵôףڻȪ֮Уð鱻ȫʹ࣬ٱ׻𣡡
ö䡭̲ס˸¡
ڤ㲻ô˵ˡҶ㿴˿ҡͷһ̾
Ҹ׼֣ҲΪ
Ϊ쾭塣ͷ
߰ɡҶһЦ䣬սнĲ޾ȡ˳ħ֮УħǵٽԼħУ֮׿ơ
÷۾һ
Ȼ֪ĽĦķʱڽǸӦ֮ۼҶ赭дؾɱһλ߽۷ǿķɸΪȷҶ㽨ԼԶԶڱס


331 ħ
ҶСǱУںһ˿ϢѾϤս˵£ռ֮ת֮䣬󺣳Ϊʵѣ֮аڸһΪ֪仯
ǿս֮Ѱңֻҵ豩ƴսϢĽĦ淢ӾսϢϢʹκ˶һִǾԪӦĽĦֻɱʵĵܵ豩ˡ
ĽĦˣȻΪԭ뿪ٲ֡һƣ޷½Ѱ𣬳˷ŭ
ûصڤڣڵ֮С
ػĽʿǣѽҶߣµȻȫҲٵġҪӽС豩ĲϮ
ǣһսʿæӦڽָ֮£ץ
ҶүһǺδ㣿ڵ֮ڣ̲סʡ豩˳µ£ӦúܿͻᴫʶУʱֻ
¡Ҷ֣һսأȻʱӦԻָûŪǿһΪζЧӦò¶棬а취ֱаʤʱŻ֡
ôʱ䣿ʡ
Ҫ㱦һãδӵҪԪӦķ֮ҵħ硣Ҷ˵ħԽ׳սʤʵİҲԽ󡣡
Ҷүġ˵һ֯ڸΪ㻤κ˴ŵ㡣
ҶҡͷӦʱڣʹܳʹ϶Կ֮¡
ˡͷ
صǹۡӡĻҶ˵
ΪΣ⡣
Ĺҽ֡Ҷ˵ס֮˿֮˴Ԩ֮з֡ʥź֮£Ҳ͸¶Ҳ֪ѰǣֱңǱ㲻ҷػ㡢㡣
ǿ̫ˣǾϲֻûӦ֮УֻҪһӦͻƿھͿɴ򿪡һˣðˡҶүǱȴҪȥˡ
롣Ҷһͷħʱڶħ֮У¡
ּ䣬ޱѩӰսл˳ħ֮С
ħΪˡܣ
֮Ϊ̡Ϊǿ󡣡Ҷ˵ãġá
ҪĲ޾԰ɣһ˷ܡû뵽ڵô׾ͽԪӦĶǿ߻ɱô׾Ͷǿ꣬չŴ޾ԣȴΪ£㡣
вԱСҶ˵Ҳã¦ҲãˣҲкý֡һգһɱ¦ǡ
㣡ǧ
һö鵤ȴʵĹסҶ̽һץԿռȡ黯ɵĵޱСޱ֮ǰѾﵽף̷ö鵤ħ֮оͻƼޣﵽĽ֮
ϲϲЦסͷ
ҾͲˡޱ΢Цͷֱӽ˹֪ԼԽߣԽ׷ӳ˲ܳΪҶİ֣ȴǫã̷ֱȥ
Ҷһƣ֮㽫ޱ͵ħУһʱ䣬ħ֮иһ𷢶ΧޱתΧУγһССССԽתԽ󣬽γ׳۾
ѩӰħǿҲкúɡҶ㿪ڣһһʱͷԷڱ뿪ѰҺʵλͣǱ
⵹Ǹʥأէһʼо֮ɾϲСѩӰȴһۣԼطĬĬת
Ҷ㻷ܣڵħԽԽе⡣֪⻹淨ħ绹Եֻۣвǿгһղ֮һ̳
ٲ룬һ֮䣬ǿս֮еĴĲ˳壬ħ֮С
֮£ħ֮ħ׺ħգĲôҶħ׺֮£ڻ΢
һЩ΢ɳ壬뵽ħ֮УԭĻΪһ壬ħҶ˼£ƴʢȴǱøȹ̣Ҳǿ
һ׹⣬ħ֮ż֣׹֮Уħ֮ȴһħ𶯣׹⣬󣬾Ȼһλףֳ׵ꪵħͻȻзɳһײҶ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ħԭҰ֮У˵սħħ𡣽ͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ȻһħܵĲӰ죬ͻȻ临գҶ㡣
ʱҶΪһ壬һ֮Ҷ壬и׵似ͬһҶԺ֮ɡ
û뵽Ĳ澹ȻҴһ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦʲô̫ϲ
ӵеʵѾ㹻ʹáνв󾫣Ӹֲͬȴûʲôʵʵ壬ֻвϼǿһ֮ѹ׵ľСκ˶ǵɱУǲ
ħ֮ҶٴηĲħϸΪܣоƾԼѲܸһʹ֮Ϻ󣬲ٴν޾ԶԭҰħ֮С
޾ȴͬڴĲ棬ӵԼļǣȻѾľһħ׺ʱһ˻ȻѾû֮ǰƻȴҲʾӵ־
ڴˣҶĸоİ֮ʱҲйĸо֮䣬̺ʥ֮ħ缤һ˿˿һơһ޾԰Χʥʥסʥ͸룬֮Уһ㷴־Ҳĥ
ģ޾ֹͣʵطħ֮Уħաħ׺һط仯
ڴʱħޱȴ͸âһת۾ͻһľ͵سֱħ֮ϡ
ħ籾һ磬ȴʱĿռ䣬Խȴܽƣֻ֮ӿ緢ȴ޴ӵ֪
ŽеޱҶ¶ĵЦݣ֮䣬ħ֮еħħøң޾ԽɽҽеһۻΪˮٱħ׺˵΢
һ̣ãҶĵصȴɺ󣬽е΢ħ֮УԴ֮ħںϡ
֮޾ħںһ壬޴綸ȻٴռС̶̳ȡǿȣ˷Խ
ǿǿԼҵħɷĵرʬǿ¦ǣӵдÿݺ£ұħɨķ
ҶУ͸ޱš


332 շ
ħӹ֮ҶԲ֣֮ͣ䣬ĸǰ
ĸ֮Уѹ׻ȸ飬ʱѾ˵ֻֿѹ֮£طţĬĬػָԼ
ȴ·ڻʱ͵طߡ
׻ȸ䡣Ҷĸ֮Сһʱź̧ͷ
ұ⺦ǣȴɱңѹֲҡҶ㻺
ʲôһ֣ˣ
һգǻὫƣ㽵׻
ʱһὫճɻңɽ֮У޽ʬʳȸһ󷢺ݡ
ֻ䣬ȴĬȻ
Ҷ㶯֣ҲҶң֮УȴоҶʵǿޱȣųһ磬ԼͻƣֻҪԼǿҲҪһͬ
ھǿʵǰȴˡ
ڵľ˶ȥԼʲôֿ֮
ҶȻע⵽΢΢һЦʣ䣬ʲô˵ģ
ǿֻ˼Ƭ̣̾һ
һ̾ഫ֮У׻ȸͷһӲϸһ˼ȴεظ̾Ϣ
ҿҶ㲢ѹǣǻֽ糷ȥͬʱһҶǺʱҶѾָޱ
ħУǿκˡܵõĪôҶ˵ǿҵδӱħУȡ˴ټҩʱĽס
鿴ޱ¶֮ɫ֮ǰǻޱʱ׳ߣȫǵķۣȴȻͽĽףǷ˼
Ȼ˵Ľ׳̶ȣҲǵķۣ˵ĽٶȣȴܲǸе𾪡
ٿԶѩӰֱסһħϢȴҲһԸоֻ޵ȴǼΪˡ
˵ǵٶȣٽһױҪʮʱĻֻħ֮һ꣬Խ
⻹ҶʲôıΪǼٵĿԡ
ӣ˴же𺳡
֪ǶǸ߹߰塣Ҷ˵ҲԽɱǵѪħ֮Уǿħ
鶼ͷһ
ɱ¾塣Ҷ˵ʵҲûʲôޣɱҲֻìܼҽлᣬһ̽ɽȴҪǽ֮¸֮ҡ
룡ߣǾһԼֵͬܣ
ҲǿҶ˵
㾿Ҫʲôʱȴ˿ڡǣͲͻȻֹ㣿
ȸͷȻ鱦ߣ֮Ȼһ壬㷢һ֮ڣ繮ޱȣ᲻ɱǡ
ԣ׻ȴķЩħã͸һĨ֮ɫЩãƺ̺Ī
ľЩħ⣬ԼһֿԻԼǿ
ǺҶͷһּ䣬ħɢħʱڿлһ޴ԲԲɢž޴Ϣ߲֮ɫ䡣
ʲô鲻ͬʱ
һУħڡҶ˵ǷȥֻǱǽҲҪʱɱɻҡ
ħɵԲ򣬲ɲⲢǵС־ıܡװԼȴʧȥëѪʱԼӵеҰޱܣΣյĸӦһ
ҰȴһֱӵⱣΪ֮֮񣬸ˡܻԼĶűܵġɶƵĿ־塣
ֱܣܸǰԼǷ֮ԿӶʹѵľȫ
ʲôǹ⣬Ҷ㡣
ǻָ֮ݺңĻסҶ˵Ѿᶨ־Ҳ޿κˡ
ǿװ򶨡ֻҪǳͬ£޲ɡ
أҶ顣
ˡͷϴ˵ʲôʲôˡ
áҶһЦҪħ֮У鱦֮ΪħṩʹΪ̡ǿУҪȫҴ߶ħԿˡ
ǵأʡ
ǿħ֮ħǿǵõĺôԽࡣҶ˵ܳʥʹħΪµһķΪֻкôл˵ɽ֮ʥ򣬳Ϊʥޡ
⻰١Զ˵ǿСܣôСС;ܽףǸҶ֮ʡҲʶƣǻִʲôֻкôɾ޻롪ΰԨᱦǿճɹȴֻһˣ˵ʵڣһӵдˡһ㣬ɲ˭ܱȵġ
ʥڱʱޱѾ˽˹һȰ⡣ȫԹͨʥ򣬻ʥ֮Լоħ֮УǳʥѰ£ǻѰѣ
ѣ̽ʡֻǽԼǽǵū
ȻǡҶҡͷ㿴ٿѩӰҵūȴҵѡ顣ĶңҲȻĶǣиͬҵǲԸΪ飬Ҳ޲ɡǴħ֮оԼԻңսһģңǰˣʱɣȥδ
ԣһ
˻棿ϸ˼֮󣬾ô¶Լޱףʡ
Υԣ𡣡ҶࡣǺڼʹıƺңԵ֮ʱΪҳȫȴǲãԼʱϡǾˣǿ۵֮ˡֶζԸңұ㱻ɱԹԣʹıƣһëҪĸ֣
˵䣬Ȼȴ̲ס˸¡
ڼ䣬ʲôôܷѩӰһԴǣҲôǹʡ
ôߣһǻ浱ԼҶˣ
ֻҪ֮Ķңұ֮ĻؾҶ˵Խ׶ԴңҲֻԽ׶Դǡ
δ˵֮⣬ȴס黥ӣ飬ʱ̧ͷħԲڶ˵ͷ
ãҶ㣬Ǳʱ㡣˵˵һ壬Ǹ߹壬ʳԻۣһסںڼӺǣŵԣƴҲҪ
һΪҶ֣صͷ


333 
һգڤۣ֮ڣʮλ˹ȹһá
д˵϶ʣŮ̷һڹУֻмЩȴۡ
ЩУȴֻ֪λĿģǱǵҶԭҰĹλߡ
ʱȴǷɢһװһãȻΧһǰĿġ
ϯϣڵж߱αװˡҶ㡣
ʱŵҶ˵˵۹дСʮҾ룬˴ʮһӦϯҲ˰ȫȡ±ˡ
ܺáҶͷǶʮҲ˲ʲôˡƴ֮Ҳһǿʼɡ
áһͷվһһ
ʱֹۣͣתߡ
λλǰҹ磬ƷζΣδ˥ȴ⡣˵ȽȨ仯ظλѾ֪Ů˵۹棬ֻΪһ˽ȴ˵۹͸ʣʵĺãȴҲ˾ʵǡˣŽ¡
ȴ̲סԼ뷨
ڤŮ˿ܣһվ´ŮѾ˾ҵҲֻӡǰ۴£к壿
һ˷׷׵ͷ
ˡֱԡ˵λе߾֮ˣ̫ƽҹٻǻֻ֪ͳΣֻսңλٱиԵλΪʵū
΢΢ͷ
Ҷ㽵Уȷʵ⣬۹Ϊ׵ȴʼ̸֮
˵ʻδǻ豩ոİĿɶ˵ٶſ񣬼ֱѸԼ£ȥϷŮߡ
ѹȴֹԶЩҲ˵ڤȻҵϷڤŮأ
£Χ߾һ˵ڤŮǴŮðҲ񣿡
ɲǣ̾һǻɶԴǣֻ¾͸ˡҪ֪Դ۹Ͻܴ֮Ů֮ȫһųǺ֮ǣȨ
һ̾ʲôҲ˵ȴʲô˵ˡ
һʱ䣬¶֮ɫ
ȴҲЩߣɫ䣬͸мһʲôҲںӡ
λɵȼλ߽˵ĵڡΪ˵۹룬ΪԼ룬ҾǶͬŮ
Σŷʡ
ƴŮ֮֮
ƴŮ֮װԾŮǵ۹֮ͳ߰ҪǷ
Ƿǣ˵ڲˣʮڲˣֻΪԼһ֮ʧ׽ˮ֮У˻䵱ǵĴŮ𣿻Ϊ֮𣿡
Ѳ䣡ѹУӹȴ
ѵֻΪǴŮǱҪǳ𣿡Ǳշ֮һҲŽ
һȴõ߹
ʵЩߣһ뷨ֻǹ˭ҲǸͷ񡣴˴ӦˣʵѾһ²⣬ҲλŮܳͷá
ˣȴѴ˸֮ġ
һߣȫԣûʶ۹Ȩ仯ԼӰ죬ʱţΪȻȴҲġ
һ֣Ǳߣ׽ˡǻЦǳĬ̬˶ھ̬չ
䣬ô˭أһλߣȴٲĬ䷢ʡ
ȻڤŮ¡Ҷ㻺վñش
һ˵˵ȥȴҪƷŮʣΪ
㲻ͬ⣿Ҷʡ
ʲôˣüڤŮҶԻҪӾһ³ûʸҶԻ
ʸ񣿡ҶЦҿûʸŮ¶Ի
˵֮䣬͵һ֣һĺʱ߰Χȥ
ôӣŭһβȴʱǿ뺣һ壬ΧĺһĽݣתζǿӹԼλȴǷԾ
ɼʵԲףʱߡ
۷塣Ҷ㿴ߣͷǲʵҲݺһǿˡֻŮǰȴʲô
һ֮䣬Ǽĺʱ߰ΧͬͭǽһײЩݡЩݿޱȣһЩ֮ǽʱ˷Уһء
⣡ߴһȻûϵԼ۷֣ᱻҶ׵ȥɱС
Ҫ֪˽⣬Լʵһβ࣬µĳôֵܻز
ǺˣۼҪȫѹ飬ԼҲ治ѹġǽסɾִСһҶ֣
ֻƾ㳤־Ů磡Ҷߣ͵һ֮䣬Ǻ֮ǽʱӿ˹ڵУгһ߲͡޷ѣȴҶּڴա
ʱҶĿⶼˡЩԭŲмĿߣʱý׷ֱӣԴ
ڤŮж˵۹ȨʿҶ˵Ҳͼٻֻͼһ񰲾ҵ˷뿪ԨŮ£Ѿ㾡ȫλӦһŮͳ˵۹ͳ˵۹ȣǵĺôȴ󡣡
·Χ˵˵ϾƾΪŮҲѹǣˣȨȴִֻҪΣˡ
༸֮Ķȴʹ֮ƵƵͷ
Ҷ㻷ܣ˵һδȫڽľҪףΪԼδŬΪڤŮµδŬȰǼҪȨ֮󣬽Ϊūʹ֮ٺڡ
Ļеװ˼Ƭֵ̺һվ˳֮˫Ըֵֻ֮ͬ⡣ʱǾǻ֮ӡձŽƷŮʡˣһǿҲղܽʮѹ֮¡
վӦ͡ڤŮǴŮãкǿʿܣȴκ˶ʺϵδŮְλĵʴȣΪ룬ҵӦƾΪµĴŮ
ǣλҶշվ˳Ӧ͡
һЩ类˵ߣվ˳ʾͬ
ǷԵߣڵܺǺ֮ǽ֡׽ߺͱԼ߼Ҷһֹȴ𺳣ʱҲòվǿűʾͬ⡣
Ҷ㿴ǣɻһЦ


334 Χʳ
ӿ֮У˵۹Ǿ޴ĻʳɢĹâǲֵ鷢Ĺ⡣Ƕֹâ֣Զ·һž޴顣
޴üޱ޼ʵĳУ׵սʿһ֧֧飬صѲߣ֤ΰе˰գ԰ȾУ˴֮䲻κγͻһɺг
ԳǱȴܽڡһǿǣҵĺֻСаǶȻ겻
ʱ֮⣬ȴһ˲䵽˳ǽԵһͻƳǵķС
ʲô˴󵨣ôʳǣ
ʱѲ߱һ۵˴ӵλͬʱǺضϣΪߴŭƾˡ
ǺжϣʱɢһȴǺͻȻ֡Щڶֻ࣬ʮ˶ѣһ֣ȴλɴ۾˵
λôͻȻûʳǣΪ׵Ľæŭݣǰʩ
һˣȴǲμߡʱӶΪ
Ҷ򾲾󣬲һϢֻһ˿˿޵⣬ɢΧ
˭ȥֻ֮һ۵Ľɫѡ
Ҫҽ㡣ǰǽ˵
⡭¶ɫŮ£֪ɷġǴŮãҪŮҲҪõ֮ſ빬ʥһڹôǰ
ú¡һĿһǽˣɲôŮ
󵨣⽫ûôòҲĿһΪһ֮ǴŮĳӣȻҶԴŮǿ
ɴЦŮѾҵȶҵкοɾ壿
һɺԣǽһ֮Ůλλ
˵۹λøʣˣ𣿡˵Ϊ˱壬δôλĴѹҵȣ˻λҵȻʲô·
ÿȳ⣬ǸĻᣬܼʱֹͣµĴ󣡡
췴ǽɫˣ̧ʾ֮£Ѳ߱ս׼
ии߷źţټиսʿۼ
ȱЦһ֣λҲλǵ;İɣ
˷׷׵ͷɢǿϢźʳΧʱԻʳΧʮͻȻ䶯ɱʮӱκһӣ֮ʱʳǰΧ
ǽʱɵۡ
ʳ֮еؾʮ֮ȻƾӢıԼĵˣȴûһ֮Щ˱ʮλǿ򣬻ʳǽǽаʤ
ǣǡǽȴڲ
ǲ붯䣬ֻҽ㡣ɫ䡣
ʲôˣ˴󵨣ڴʱһȴķһӰڰٶ໤Ĵӵ֮£ʹзڻʳϿգɢѹ
ѹǿޱȣ֮ѹסʮȴȫûаܡ
Ȼ˵۹еĲ߽֮еĸ֡
ʱŭͬʱаǰ֧κһпǺСĽɫ֮ɻɱЩС˺֮ʱȴӡ
ּĸ֣Ҳ޿һ֮Կʮˡ
ӦʮǿޱȵĳϢʱңĳҪȥҹȥ̸ֻ磬ʣȴʼյòӦ
㣡ֱ˹ȥң
һ漴ŭʲôЩѵģҪ췴𣿡
췴ҡͷ㣬㽫λøʣԼҲҪ޸Ϊ£Ϊβλ飿
飿ɫ΢΢һ죬޺޵ҧҧ˵۹֮º飡
дʱȴޱȺڣڵ֮ΪһʱŵûɱҶ޻ӡԼ½˵вסȴòȨʵӡ
ˣãҲǰԼĴһֺģʱԼװڡ
㣬粻һ˵硣ҡͷӵӻλܿİΣλϣľȴһ֮а
еһǿߣǿ磬ǿߣ޷Կֵ½ˣ˵۹İȫλͣ¼Ϊ˱ȫ۹ǲΪǻңǲ֪ôõķϣֻҪȥұ㲻׷£ģ˭ǻʵۣĵλᶯҡġ
ȴΪԼһ˵λҡͷΪ棬Σ㣬㲻ٴȥˣջسɡǻǴŮĺ
˼ǡջسǾҪ췴ʡ
ŮҲֻñλ»ʣһ
ɰǻڤŮĵʺĻˡȴʺϵҵ֮֮㡭ߣ
һ֮Ա
ôĵӣɫǹȻ췴۹ҳǲᡭ
¡ҶʱڡŻ˵Ļ˵ҲաԼһɣﹲʮλߣ˵۹ʮҲ˵ֻжʮһδƷ١ʮһУǷӵ㡢ԸΪʮ˶ԿҲδ֪ѾĹ¼ҹˡ
ʲôô˵¶׹⣬̧֮䣬һʱһֻצͷҶץȥ
Զľ֮£ȻۺγɱУŮ֮λƾ˵
СҶȴʲôֻһЦ͵һȭʱȭϣΪһˮӭǾצ̶ֱȥֻһ㽫Ǿצ̴
֣ˮնǾצȫնƻˮɢ
ɫһ䡣
ֻ⼸м䣬ӦֵʵǿȻԼ֮£пܻԼ֮ϡ
ټʮλӵĹԼǰʤҲûС
ʣ㵽
Էţȴ޷һǿߡ
㣬ұٸᣬһȴʹף޿ɾҩ̾һĿⶸȻһ䡣ڤʿţȫ֣Ͷػⱳȫߣһɸɱ
ɱ
֮ԼĲӷһʱ䣬ʮһŻʳеؾɱ
ҡ


335 ǡλ
ʮʮλֵ³һǣʲôЧ
˭ס޺޵ҧԼѪãͻȻĩսٵĸо˭ҲΣֻԼʵ
ȴˣ֮ǰȻֻʵʳ֮Ȼֻʮ򾫱ȴû˶
ȴˣ޸ʣ۹øǰûκһ˱ȨҰġ
ҧݣ֪޼¡ףԼȫָսյĽҲǳģҲԸһ𡣵ûֳޱȼս⡣
۹ʿǣߺţЩ޳֮ͽսǵҪ̤ǵϣôǵóѣҳɣҲҪάΪսӢϣ
ɱĹĶ£ȴ˻ʳǣһսʿѪڡǲһеıԼĵоҪѪ֤Լ¸ҡ
ȻԡѪսʱȴһӰӣĵǱ˹֮У֪Զȥ
⣬ȴֻڻʳǵʿǡ
ʮλߵĴ֮£ʮתۼȨЩǿĻʳؽȷӳԼͱЩǿߺɱЩսʿǣױԼĴΧҵɱ֮Уһ޶ա
㻹򣿡Ҷ㲢Ըɱ¾ʳǾûһ·ֱɱ
ϷñҶ㣬һ˿ȴ˵ֻ̧֣͵ǰƳһԼǺֱҶ
ԣ
Ҷбܵһ˿оֻﲻͷħǹâһĿ⴩͸غˮͶϣȴԼһЩ⡣˫ԽмĺˮԽ٣Խԣ˫ֻʣ°ʱҶȴ㵵ط֣Ȼֻһ֮Ƶɣ
ѵˣ
Ҷһü
ʱ˫ľٴνӽٵɰɱʮɣۿҪײһ
Ҷ㿴̺֮˼ײ롣ʱһ٣ָ磬Ⱥס֮
֮ŽȫڣǵҶ㹥Ҷֻǻ˻֣ȵħ㻯ɱȭͻ֮£Щȫ顣
㡭˹һĻȴ΢΢Ȧ졣
ǲҶ˵ֻһɵĻӰ
Ӱһʱķ
Σһ̶ʤˡҶ㻷ܣͻȻһȣʳؾţ˵۹ѱɱ˵۹ĴŮ֮λ߹ͬƼ֮Σʱֹֿͣ´ŮЧңһǵ³
֮ɢǳϿգصϢʳؾŮϢһʱսȫޡҷ翹⣬˶ɥʧԹͶһʱЩߣ֮ٻɱ
ûãһսսᣬʳҶҪ£Чңʮλ߱Ǽ֤ˡ
޹ءҶ˵Ͷ´ŮǰһĴٶң˵۹ôǵĩգ֤ģȫع֮
ϣ֮ġ
ǣһӦͬʱһ֣졣
Ҷȴ֪ЩȻʾģľʲô⣬ȴδ֪¹ǻ᲻ᵹһҲδ֪֮ԣȴ⽫ʮ򾫱ɢֳʮ飬ֱĶ֮Уе򾫱չʳǽ
ʳǣģΪֱӹڴŮϽľӣĵλǳȻЩȻԸʳǽ֮Уȴ˶ԭᡣ
Ҷڤе򾫱ʮ֮ڵĻʳǽţҶƶر룬˶ְ𣬸𣬸ְ
źһ֮ۻʹ֮ڣȴһҶ㡣
һ񣬡ѶǷҪٸ£
ȻҶͷҪ֪ͨµҪʳδŮ밲񣬻㱨񡣶λĶҲȲҪߣڻʳ֮⣬׳ơ
Ȼȵͷ
룬Ҫеǻ˰ɣʡ
ȻҶ˵Բ˳Բ˳²ɡֻ֮ʱ˵ǻ䣬δŮ£ĪҲӣŻ֮ǰһ㰲
һɢ顣
ʹԭĹŮ£ԼˣҲһСصĽɫָϤʹΣ´ȡЩ˰ָӳפһæ֮󣬲Ҷصڹ
һڵɣԼҶշλߡܡߣѾڵڵȺޱ̸졣һҶȴ͵һǰġ
ʱվҶʩ϶Цݡ
ҶүŮ֮٣˸񣬽ʷ֮СܴЦС
ֻϧʷֻܼ֮ء֮ȴҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ϲ֮ʱ޴ϵһλʡҶһЦԼܷʷᣬİɡʷأҲǧǧֱֻ֮һ˵ȥֻ±շʥ֮ˣҲҪ֮ȴм֪֮ȴҲôء
ҶүǻɺЦͷ
Ӧ
˴ˡҶһ˵һ߻֣ȴǽ߾ͷ˳һԼλ߶˿æ첽ǰ
λӱΪ׻Լһӵۺſ˫۵صţλǰȴԼͬظԼһͣλĿɿڴ
С֪ҴɴȻҶү㻹ڣҶү֪𣿡
Ҷүʲô㾹ȻҴ⣿ѵҶү˴ǼƽϣǵСûˣҶүݸл
ԣҶүݸлҲ
ǡǣλŵüæתҶлҶүɱ֮
ˡҶһ֣֮㽫ֱȴһˡһ壬ҶĳֿѣκβǲҶĳƴǲһˣ㲻˵һˡ
ǡǣæͷӦ
֮䣬̫סҶ㵭ȻһЦȴҲҪλ
Ҷү뽲һͷۺ£СΪ


336 Ů֮
áҶͷһ˫Լɹͬˡһ£ԵʶǰԮҪ֮ʱҲһɱȻ½ֻͣʱ˵ʱȴѾ㹻
û⡣ͷ
ڶһɳ裬̽Ԩ֮ʣκ衣Ҷ˵ںʯҲȤϣ˵۹½ϡ֮һʯ
Ҳû⡣ͷ
Ȼʥź֮Ѹ֮ǷǴ˴δеġʥźȴδ֪Ҷ˵˵۹̽ѰңϢ벻Ҫ
Ȼû⡣һЦ˵ûˣԼˣұѻ˵˰ɡҶүû㣬˵ܵŮǱԭλһֻ֮Ҳ޿ܡһİҸ֮ȫǰͣǽ
ŮˡҶ΢΢һЦ
תˣɫص˵λڻҪͷǡǱضн鼫õˣ뷨֮£ŮߣγһڴŮĺˡˣ㽫˴ģֻҪһŮĵλ㲻ɶҡΪŮĵϵɵõ޴ĺô
ˣɵӣʱйؼĪĺô֣صͷ
ߣܻܿȥѰʡҶ˵δȨĶʮһ֮Уֻ»׽ߴڣ˵ڸǻ֮ʱѣȴҪȫ׼
ףͬʱͷ
ƷƾΪ´ŮϢܿ촫˵۹Ÿʹ߳øϢɢټ֮˵۹ȫ߽Ծۼ˻ʳ֮УӴǰ
ΪЩаȫУʳΧפŵʮӣͳʳҲֻʣʮפء
գڻʹ㳡֮ϣμĵǻ䡣
ڤֱӲ˻ʳֱ˵۹ʮʮʱʮλߣԣġм⣬¶飬Իʹлʩ
գһãΪıףδŮǻҶαװɺģߣ̨֮ϣ˵ǰδŮΥȻʥ⣬˵۹ΣҪλø۹ʣ˾񹲷ߣ߽ҸͶ𣬽֮ƷƾΪδŮ˴˵۹ٲж
һƷߣͷŽ
ʱȴһλվɫ䣬ǿ׳ˣһüҶ˵Ǿ޳ݹɽɱ߽׵ǿߡݴ޳ݹһֱнףӦһɡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷĿɽɱʣλкθ߼
ǵȻǻĴŮ˳ߡɽɱ˵£ȻǴŮãȴδȻܵδŮְ֮
˼ʸ۹֮ˣվɽɱ
Ȼܡɽɱһҵ˼ǣȨΥȻԸΥ˵۹ɷҵߣ֮ãλػŮ
ʱλվʾɽɱ֧֡
ˣӦöһɡҶ˵
ҶĿˣһЦô˵ǽǰףŮǻ췴ˣ
ƽѣɽɱλߣɱǣջ乲ͬıļƣŮѾַͽǻǼɣֻҪǿϻڹŮôȥ֮´ŮһŲһǶӷͣ
˵ţͻȻһ̧֣ϿշųһΪһֻ޴㣬Ͽգ͵³һƬֻʳϿա
˲䣬ԻʳΧĺ֮гһӶǿЩмм˹ȵսʿҲľﵽʮ֮ڣһ½ʳǰΧ
ڳ߶ʧɫ͵һվȻԶиһĴ
ɽɱҪ췴ʱ
췴ɽɱЦ췴Ĳң㣡
⻰һ͵ӿ漴һŻһ˴ӵ֮£߳ڹ㳡һˣ̨ϵңңšã̰ͼȨıȴΥȻ־ǿжȡΪɳ𣿽Ĺ˾عʳǣĩѾˣ
£ʲôĩ㽫ͷ£ߣλ˽һλɫЦһֱ̧һץһŰĴ󸫣£ʱһˡ
ʿǣϣһŸ̨ϵȥǧսʿ෢һͬǰȥ
˽ţд󸫻Ӷ𣬰渫һɫӰһƿغŸ̨ϵնȥ
Ӱƶۼٽ̨֮ʱͻȻһըȴ˰ٶɫӰͬʳȺһ㣬ԲͬǶȥ
ȻڴŮǰȴѡ˵طҶԣָֻһһɳȻͬһֻ޾һ㣬һ½ЩҵĸӰȫС
е֮УЩޱȵĵиɱת֮㽫ٸӰһһն顢
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһ֣ȴɳɢ
һ֮ʯһ㣬ȴûܿҶ㵽ʹʲôӡҶڷɳ֮ʣԾڸǣʹκ˶Ϊʹһȴ˿ơ
ҳϮŮߣΨлҶзһâͻȻһȭ
ת۳һֻȭХӭǽȥǽ۷ź⣬غŻ󸫣һǾȭȥײں۵ľȭ֮ϣȴһ±ֻǾȭһۣȴһָͷûնϡ
ôôǿǽֻüһѱȭУʱ˳ȥ
һ·֮ϣˮȴһѪߣȴȭһʹѪ
ȽɫҲڴŮǰŪҶЦȡ֪Ů֮ǵɣ
˵֮䣬һ˲Ѿǽߣһֱץסǽֹסǽ֮ơ
Ҫǽ¶׹⣬У󸫣Ҷ㵱ͷ
ǧսʿҶиаˣһеطɱУҶ㱳Ϯ
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦһֻһ̧׵رץסǽʹһն漴һתȴǽıЩɱС
һսʿ
㣡ǽñӶˣˣɱֻƴȫӲԾڱһ֮ǽǰٵɱн
ٵɱмһСǽȻȫס֮ǽҲ飬ɱƴϣʱ䱳һƬѪģ


337 
ЩɱУ˽۷ףȻδȴȻˡ֧֮£Ȼȥ
ҶЦһ͵ؽϿһף̧֮һ磬Уһ
ɱͬҺƴˣһװһλ˽һƺݺݻʱа˷һǹҶ
ҶĿɨǽȴ·ǲӥڴһֻСɲǼ䣬һӣһʥħһ½ǳǹײ÷顣
ʥħײ˳ǹֱ֮ǽײ˹ȥǽʶһʱȥȴһһ±ʥħ罫°С
ʱҶһʥħʱǽ°֮һʧֻʣϰںпٵζ
һʱѪ˿˳ںγһѪ֮ƣ֮ɫ䡣
ǽҽһʹںһʱȴȥĲ״·һ磬һʱһϮߵġӣϮߵֶʼ
ΪҴŮ֮ˣʾǰҶڻʳϿգķŮսʿǣɣ
˵ţͻȻһӡһ䣬ȴ֪ץ˾齣ڴڸ¿һӣʱʳ֮бпռﵽʮһ֧ͻȻԻʳ֣ܳ͵طԭʳǵʮһɱӭϮߵľӡ
ɫһ䣺Ȼһ֧СĻû뵽Ϊ˴жȨȴԽԽʶˡ
ʱҶȴ罫齣սռ֮УڿУһЦ浱ŮûǻֻŮʴ֮ˣԸʹκıֶΣԸüıԸԼļҽˡΪ˵۹ȴҲòˣ
㾿ʲôˣ
ʱһͻȻ𣬽ţͻȻһŻһҶϤӰŻŶüǰҶ㣬Ŀгɻ
ȴʡ
ʱ¡Ҷ㵭ȻһЦһ֡Ϊβأڹؼʱٳ֣
һұΪһǸ½ҶڸǱֻٽɱڿȴִеҡ㾿Ǻˣ֣˽ףȴôû˵֮ôһ
㲻߽۷壬˵Ҷҡͷһ̾ǻòͷˡ
òͷʿҶ㣬һЦСӣ˵֣ҵ²ն֮
Ҷ㻺𣬡ԽҡǡǰⲢռˡ
ȷʵϹ֮ʱʣݵλۻۣôжռˡ
ȴɶŭһâСҪΣ
ɲ֮䣬һǰϸȥȻһϸСİۼɣһݴڣзŵ㺮⾫âɢǿɨһУߵİԵ֮ɢȴ߹֮
Ҷȴǳһ
ʱʣȻ߽۷ĳ̶ȣ˵ĸоȴ·ǰ˽׵ǿһ㡣ˣϻһޱȵϢϢıɱ¾֮ΪһϣȻ֮ȴʤ֮
һΪǿϹŷһ㡣
һս֮ʧõԭʹʲôǵõʲô
Ҷ㲻ü˼
һϮǵʿʱһ·ʵĳֽǹٵʤһ㡣
Ҳָһᡪʵұɿõķϣ㲻
㣬ҾὫ˵۹ʣϷҶʣҧ˵
ǾͱˣɫһŸ̨ٿȻ
ŮһɡܡߣԼʮߣͬʱ̨ΧߡЩˣȴҶҪˣѾϵһپ٣һ𣬴ʱȻ
ЩСɫңЦ
ǣɲǼ䣬ޱһڷڸ̨֮ϡޱӿ䣬һѾӭȥһȭݺݴ
һæһƵ˹ȥһ˻ӿ֮䣬ֱӴ˳֮Զ
ôܣӦȻʲôȻҲﵽ߽׵ĳ̶ȣ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳ߽֮ټһߣȴ׵سǰȥ
ϷʻڣдŸ߰벻мҲ֪ģ֪˶ܴ꣬ﵽ˾磬ֻ㡪˳߲Ҳеĵһ֣ʶңҿΪһ֮£֮ϵĴһҶԿһԶ޵װԨó
˵ǰԵҶ㻺ͷֻϧƾı£úͷ
ߡ
ҶȴһЦ˵ģúͷǿ
ȷʵһλϹʣһаͷǿˡ
ЦЦҶȴ֪֮ʾһöԸĽɫѾѪսһ׼
ɵصȴ
ʣҶһͻȻڸϢʹ޶ݷ˲Զȥ
ţȴһ͸۷ڸǣȴӦһϤϢ󲻽⣬гʣ·սҶʧķǺһһŻ׷ȥ
Ҷһӹﺣ򣬼ǰֱݳٶ֮ңʱȴһ˳˹ͻȻһ֣һ˷ضҶǰ޿ռ֮·ʹҶ޿ռ˳
һŻ˳
Զʳս뽫ʲô𣿡ʣҲκ壬ҲᱻǣűߣҪսڴ˴ҪҲڴ˴
ҪңҶ㵭һЦ
кһӿɵˣһϢƣγ˾ĻӰǻӰ֮УҶȴϡһ˵Ӱӡ
ĿƣȴΪϣഩĻС
ǻӰ֣Ҷֻܱñޱȣһ𣬷·һиԼԼȴòʹħ壬ˡ
ʵ͸һֹĹ⣬ͬɫҲ͸һֲ԰ףڵѨеĽʬֱ̧һץץסһǺϢ·һŤ·һߡ
ǺҶһʱĻһߣɢŵİ׹⣬ſݵĿڣҶҧ
ɭɭ֮һʱ֮·Ҫһ磬ҶС


338 ͬ
ⷢһ֮ߣӵĪҶȴҵ֮ʱԴ
֮֮䣬ΧĿռ䶯һַ·Ҷ֣һʱ䣬һĩսĸоҶͷֻоΧк֮У̺ĪĻ·Ǳµߡ
ƣ
Ҷһһȭǰȵڸ֮·ģȴǱȭһһ޴ȭӰ֣γһȭƣɽһӭ߶ȥײ
޴֮ȭӰȻ˲ͱ飬֮Ҷ㣬ȴȫ飬Ҳ֨죬ͬҪɢһ㡣
ʾȻǿ
Ҷ㲻ü
ʱʣﻹǹȥҪϹ޻ʵŸҶһսʣֱһͷ԰Ԩ֮УҪҶɵޣ
ײ֮УȻܵˣȴδʧŤҶſںݺһҧ
ʣû뵽㾹˽ʵزùϲˡҶһЦͻȻȥȫαװ͵һȭһȭ磬Ǻ֮߹Уһͬ
Ҷ㣡˲ԲۣȻ㣡
ȻҡҶЦʣûϵɣҲ㣬̲˵۹ļƻ׷飡һеһУһ㻹Ǽɣ
Ŀһ䣬һȭһ硣ǿȻɳֱʶȥ޴֮ƿǰǵˣҪֱУ
Ҷ㣡͸ޱɱһӰȴøԣӣøΪ԰סȻ㣡̫ˣѾԶݶȥûлɱһѩǰܣû뵽㾹ȻԼȻ뵽˵۹Ȩ֮У̫ˣ̫ˣ
ЦĿ÷ޱȡ
̧֮䣬ķתۼһиֱֶץС
ȴڵһʱʱȡϹ޻ʵȻǴҶƴ֮ģ
ɱҶ㣬Ĳݣ
ɱһŷŭĴϹ޻ʵת磬͵һ֮䣬ӰɽӶȵ躣֮뵶Ӱ֮Уֱնȥ
һҵĦУԵһĵ𻨣ǿҵţȻһѺۣȻٵشзֿȴǱһ֮նˣ
𣡡Ҷһһ֮䣬Ȼ𣬾޴֮ĿǰڻԼͬʱȴҲһµĵӰ
һҪһֵǿȴѾʴЦţҶ㣬Ϊܻ㣬Ѳϧһдۣڽˣ
ܷңôʱҶʣʡ
һġʵͷΪⷽɸơңڳҸʵʬ壬Ϲ޻ʵٻںӢ飬ֽʬϹ޻ʵںΪһˣұϹ޻ʵںϣңҼǵ֮֮뵶ãܵУ
ʲô˲䣬Ҷвŭ
ϣһָʡΪһĸĸһжǸĸͣһ౨꣬ȴд˴治֮£Ȼʬɸ꣬ж޲磡˵ö֮
ƨߣ˱ֻˣʬֻʬΪãʲô壿ȻңҳΪۣ֮ߣôӦøΪҷһУʬӢʲôʱΪҶҲӦ
޲ļһôܵһߣҶɫñ䣬ұ֮ǰ㲢϶Ϊһ飬ҲҪɱ
Բѣҧгݣ֮ңѷ֮ңҲҵ֮
ǰϹ޻ʵһǵӰ֮֮಻ΪһƬΧˮⷭ
ʱҶȴҲٱκ˫һ֮䣬ħ缲ɶ˲佫ħϿգ˱ĺ⣬ǰһָ
˲䣬ħ㶯ͬһһǰӭǵӰݺݵײ˹ȥ
ֲͬšѭšתţħһ⣬ͬѤõӹããسˮײһӰ֮ϡ
·׹ڴ֮ϣǼӲĵؿ֮ϷԼ壬㣬һӰħײ֮£ʱͷѳϸСƬ̺֮Ѿ֧飬ɢȥ
ʱħ磬ǵħɱȣһķʬ壬н鱦֮߶󣬷ӳȴǾأ
ħ磬вɷ˵â֪򵥣벻ղֳɳӣ
ҡͷɡɣұɱ㣬ɳȥ½һ˵£ֽδ
Ϲ޻ʵٵ趯һʱ䣬ϰٵӰζǵӰƶ֮䣬·Ǵ󺣷ֳ˰ٲ㺣Ļ֮ۻңԼ˻þ
ϰٵĵӰŸԵ֮һƬµĵĻˮ⵶Ļǰ⵶ĻǰŤ֮ˮĿռ䷢֮·Ҳͷġ
һƬĻƺҪȫ˺ѣʶźضţһߣһħϣͼסħĳƣȴô
һƬĻȴӭȥַնħ֮ϣޱȣи𻨹㡣
ǵײɢԵĿˮײĲзڡγ˿µˮȻźϷΧĺˮڶӿȥֱӰ쵽ңԶϷĺ棬ʹһ˲һ޴ޱȵС
ôħ֮Уر䲻ɷ
һﲻǣϷȸҲ
ҸԷȫһħˣȴδصõɣʻҶ㣬ػὫշɱֻȫսҶ㽫ɱҲ
׻ţȷȫħе鱦֮ʱħϿ۳һԲסƽ׻ͼ
ͬʱ𣬿бٴγȸԲȥ׻ԲһһâߣĸԲм䴩棬ٵػͼ
ħȻֻһ˲䣬ͽǵĻȥ
޴ĳ֮£ǵĻȴٵ粻ĵ𣬶֮ӳ˵֮УͻȻ÷Ҫħ綥ȥնΪƬȻħľ޴ȴԷֻ˼£ǰ
ȻҶ㣬㾿ЩʲôΪôࣿдŲ⣬̲סֹֹ֮䣬ȴǲͣϼڵϣҪħƿնơ


339 
ҵؽ֮£ȴƴ˸൱
Դˣʱֳȵķŭ벻ʣ۷ȣ͵سˣǵĻ赲ħ磬ԼȴӶϹ޻ʵķ֮Ӣ飬ҵٻۼ
˲䣬Ϲ޻ʵٴɢԲĲķܿõĻӦһ΢صϣʱǾĻӰֻƬ֮䣬㻯СɽСһֻ衣
Σȴûн֮С֮ٻӳĿһ䣬ֱϹ鵶ǾĸУһ±Ϲ鵶뵶С
Уʱͷųһֿ֮⣬Ҳͬһ㣬׽
ø䣬ɫҲ԰ףȴͻȻ
Ҷ㣬ΣҪһնƣ
﷢ͳĺɱ֮⣬һ䣬˲Ϣһ϶£ŻϢն¡
һֻӰǵ֮иݺײħ硣
޴죬ķײ£ҫ۵ĹâɡĹӰиħԵħɢʥʥ֮ǿħ֮ϵϢҫ۵ȵĿռ֮ȻֵסǵӰ
ÿһֱնħϣ޴綯ݡ
ǿǿħ֮УɷƴУҶ㣬鱦ŸǣǲſԷӸ
԰ɡҶһͷ䣬Ϊħһӿ
ϸظӦħ֮У鱦еһ֣ƣ֮ȡһش뵽ڡ
áãϲĻУ͵ɢǿâ䣬
Ҷһ֮£ȴҲһµķšħȻ̣֮ȴûȫҲûȫںϣȴǿԷ롣Լȫƣ֮ԷɢЭֲӰԼ
Ķ֮䣬ȴһ֮ɷ࣬ǽֿУֻЭ
ʱħȴԶʤԭл֮һ֮ʱ
ħı仯ʵĸȴüԽԽʵħ绤ϢһҶ㣬ȻһףȻڴ˼ܼǿҲûκ壬ҵǰ粻ֽһ㣡
Ϲ޻ʵɢһֲҵĹ⣬ֹ⿴ưܣ˹֮۹Ӣ۳ĺĸпֹȴһֿµ·䵽ĵطκǿʢữΪ˥ܣκȻữΪ
ڲţ·֮ƴַ·Եħ֣뾡ץȡһЩϵ֮ǿֲޱߵĵ磬֮ܵķգԶǿֲ֮أ֮
ֻϢóĽɥʧһȻȴ
Ҷħ룬עʡܸܵϹ޻ʵϿֲϢ֪ԼȡһЩֶΣ½Ҫλвص
Ҫħٴǡü˼ţ֮䣬ȴʮֹħĲ֮ͬϣѰǱ˴˺ѷʽ
һλ˧Ÿͬĳ̴ǲͬγŶӣ˴ֲ̡
ʱѾǴ˥ϢϹ޻ʵֱնħĻϣһʱ䣬֮ҲãҲãʥ֮һ֮ή·һǿսʿһ˥ϣ˵ֵɱУԼվȵҲѾɥʧɾ
ħҲҵһħţҲ΢΢ѣǾֵطУҲһʱתâ
Ҷ㣬ܵ𣿡Цţ֮ǿ۵Ӣ֮֮ѣǿ֮ȴǾ춯أԽǿ󣬱ԽԽᷢԼȥ˿ԿɲӢʱ˾𡢾ǰ֮޵еĴڣˣ
һնħ綯ţȻһնȥ
㿴ҵǰһԽ⣬ʮֻʮͿƵ磬Ȼ㣡ȷʵǲ֮ţʱգϵºжĶ֣ϧңңţڴ˰ɣ
䣿ҶĿһϺգһ죿
ԱȺգһЦ
ǲǲԼܰɡҶЦôݡ
̧֮䣬һҶ㣬ħݺӡһ֮Щ˾޴ı仯һʱ䣬ħʮֲͬȴһ
ɲ֮䣬ħ綸ȻɢǿҵϢϢٲή٣ٲ˥ϵսʿһͷԶź֮ͻȻޣҪԼǿݻһУ
㡭Ȼȴ˵ЦݣϳԾı顣漴ɫֹسɳȥ
һȥ˥֮նػħ֮ϡ
һΣǵӰδħԵһĻӭȥηصֵǿµĵơһʱңħݺᣬϢڣռʥ֮ҫǿµĵƾȻ赲⣬ȴ޷նħʵ塣
ôӵǧپҧߣΣֻһԱ򲻵֮ܽ⽫Ϻзһɨ⣡
Ϣ棬Ϲ޻ʵͷ˥֮ʵƶ֮²룬һиЩǰǰɢЩǿĻȴڲܵй׺ϹŷӢ顣
Ҷȴ¡ʱѾԼҵһĲַʽصԣҪеĻгһΪЧΪǿķ󡣵Ҫʱ䣬ˣȴܴ߶ħľʶֻܷء
飬ΣǱȫң˵ţһ־ԵţʹͷȴҲҶʤĸоҪʱħĻһͣʽǶ֣֮ǰҪλˣ
ƴˣУ߶ȫҲ֪ԼҶѾһ𣬲òҧƴ
һʱ䣬¹â䣬ٵתĴ֮£ħЩҲüǿ޾ǰӿһһײϹ޻ʵǵѹơ
ûûˣͷۣߣֹӿĻȴǶŭ
˲䣬ˣ͵ź󷽷Ϲ޻ʵ߸߾
һƵϣӵһնǰ


340 ɣ
ħĻҪƿʹܺ͵ֱնħ硣
ʱħ֮еҶ㣬ȴûǵӰһۡ
עȫǻ֮ϡ
鱦¡Ĳ桢޾ԡͼħʮ֣ԭֻǻΪ΢һγħʻҶ֮£ȴϣͼʱ㷢ӳҶû󵽹
Ҷһ߿ƣһ˼ţںΪһȻõģںϣȴҪǸԴɢһȴһɢɳ˶ΪǵӰԼȴԷǿ
ǸԷֿΪͳһҵ֮£ȴͬɢ£ϳ˼и߶Ĵš
ֻҪһλ˧ͳϵȣ⼸֧űܻϣӳ
ҶѾͨҪģǽ⼸ֻ֮ãγϷʽ
Ҳ˵γķ
ٽħеĸЩһ𣬾ͿԻΪ
ʱѾħĻײɢħĻҲ˱΢һնӰֱУһ˥ܵϢߣת۽ػήҰɢ
ʵһ˿Ĺâǹв˷ܣ಻ޡǹȻҫţȴһֺڰĸо·ֻҫ۵ļ󣬶䱳Ǳŵģȴޱߵš
һӰֱնħ֮Сʱ˥ܵϢײħϣͬ޿ײˮһħڲ͸
ħ磬еҶҲɸһҡڣסΡ
ֹؼʱңķҶҡͷһ̧֮̾䣬͵һȭȴʱһ׵ӭʴ˹ȥ
ļܵǶࡣߣ¶һ˿ͷı飬һת֮䣬浶һƬ躣ĻӰת֮նϡ
˲䣬Ѹٵ𣬶֮գⱬʡ
ȴΪ⣬һת֮䣬һֱն£ƴήٵ˲֮У֮ϢӰ죬ȻҲɥʧ˿ҵƣήٲն
ҲʴȣϹ޻ʵһƬĻǵĻ֮У֮ӰݺɳͬһŴһħ˲ͽħУħ粻ƶ
һ˥Ϣ˳ħԵڲ͸ɢħе飬ԵظоһУ̲ס̾Ϣӿս˽Լɱ˵뷨
Ҷһйâ󶯣ħ֮ħ߿֮УγһħǻӰ
ȻֻһӰȴҲ顣һ֮䣬ȴָս⣬ͬʱŭѹе֮顣
翹Ц
翹ҶйâʢҲֳһ˿ЦݡʣΪҷһζֵΪûлֻ֮ħĻȴѾϣ㿴ɣ
̧֮䣬ʮֲͬĻ֮ٵţ˲䰴һ˳һΪҶͳ֮±˴˺޼䣬γһΪǿķ
ǿʢϢⷨħЩ˥֮ʱͱɢһգȫ˳ȥ
һĹ⻪ħ֮ڡɢЩâۣȴǿһһʥĴ
ʣԵģȫµħ磬Ҳ˫Ҷ˵бͽܣȻᱻɱɻң
һָ䣬ħӿ˵ħȴǷֱ𻯳ͬԵ磬ֱħзͬڵһХʺ˹ȥ
նƣߣһСǰ񣿡
Ӱ׶˲նһ֮ϡ绹𣬾ֱӱϹ޻ʵնƣ֮ɢƮɢ
磬ȴһһײȥ΢΢üȻ˵ǷȴףκһԼϣԼ޷ܣӵЩһһնơ
Ҳ˶סˣƵԶԶ뿪ħ硣
Ҷ㣬ַʱûõģ𣬡ЩСȫûͷĻᣡʲôħҲһ
У۾ȫ˰ɫɢһֲҵĹ⣬Ϲ޻ʵϵ˥֮ҲøΪ䣬ͻȻһȴþ޴ޱȣΪһʮɵСʽǾл£֮бʱƿռ䣬ֱħն
λħλ߼ʶǵɣҶħ벻֮ȴɢħ֮תʱһħϵĹâ·һ㣬Ť׷һҶȻϿջһ
ħһѹΪһǹ򲻶ϱֲϱѹڷرС֮䣬ۼ˼Ϊµ
ħڣҶͳ³֡
˲ʱǹͻȻڿо𵴣һ֮䣬ȴ͵һҫ۵Ĺֱħ֮⣡
һŲ赲ħ֮Ӵĺˮֱںлһ޴յش
һֱǰֱײϹ޻ǿУľһںɢ
ʲôʷֵĽٲֻвҵĹ⣬𾪵ɫȻ
صںУһѾϡ޴ĺ֮˲ںд֮Զâը˷䣬׵һƬҫһƬ·ﲢǺУǴյ硣
Ҷ㣬㡭
ǹâУԼĺУȴšû֪ʽЩʲôҲû֪âıǷܻ
֮ǹâɢˣȴûлָƽײըĹγһֱľ޴ˮռ䣬ǿ֧֮ռ䣬ʹΧĺˮ޷ӿ
ĽɢռȴͻȻϷĺˮѹ·ӿĺˮӣ޴죬·ˮ
߸ߵĺ֮ϣͻȻ°һ飬漴ܺһ޴УòϢ
ˣˣħ֮У̲ס˷ܵش
Ҷ㣬ȻغţȻ׻ɱˣ
Ҷ㻺ҡͷܸоĹͷʹϹ޻ʵĪˡ
ˣȸһħôȻߣ
޷Ҷ˵޷½磬֮бΪһǿߣô׾ͱɱˡߣȴһ˼صˣǲٻġ
漴һЦǻֺηһڰɾˡ


341 Ѷ
ҶĻͬʱͷΪȻĳɷ֣ҲҶƨĳɷ֡
ĸȴѾ֪Ҷǲк³ġ˵ԼĸҶѹȥ鱦˵һǿʰɣ˫ǿǱҶ˶ӣ
ǸûȥˡҶֱӣֱһ֡նλҶز
ǷģĻã鲻¶Цݣͷǻ
Ҷȴҵ飬ʱħ磬ҡһ䣬ڸԼݣǡһ޶ݷʹħڰƬ̼ص˵۹ʳ֮С
ʱʳ֮չһսޱİ֮£˸ֺɴʮߣɽɱ˴Ȼ죻ʮҳսʿ൱֧ߴѷѽ⡭
սģǿߵһսˡҶ㵭һЦͻȻħԼ˷˵㻹־ܣѾҴǱȥѾˣ
ʲôȻԻȴӰѾ³̲ⷬס
һǿҲɵ֮ۡԶһѣѾʧ˴ƵƾһǿߵܺɨһУʱԼǹȻõ֮ǰõĴ͸ĺô
ȴ룬صġĺȻԻвİǿߣ
˶ɵˣ㶵ؿźһοʼв²ֻΪǧɾֻ֣ĸضǱʿ
ûһΪһ½ˣҾʵǸ֡Ů֮ǵҶ㡣
սһ仰ֹͣ
ЩǶɵӣԼΪ֮սѾʧˡôȥΪ
λţҲͨɫڴʱȴʱӦ˹˵׼λǱʱȣƭ˷ңѽʻܣλȴΥˣλ»ұ㵱κҲûз˵۹Ĺҵĺѣ
ܣôܱܣɽɱʱȴָҶ㡣ں˵˵
̲ߣ³Ҷɨһۣķ֮ʣͻȻһ
ڸ֮£һϢشɽɱǰλߴһȴû־ܣǱһ߶ȫһơһУӰһˮҵ羰
ǣȴ磬ֻǾɵĻѣǰƨҲǡ
˲䣬ͽһ֮ɣȻһ½ɽɱС
ʱҶȴҵ֮УһɽɱУҲʹ˿ɽɱս
˲䣬㿪ʼ𣬶еɽɱУҪӳȥȻҲСӣȴһȱڣҪݶ
ӵõ𣿡һЦУҶȴѾǰֻһƣȵͬСһɽɱİһƻص֮С漴һ𣬾޴ɽɱİֱֻʣѪܵһϡ
һ֣ЩҵɢҶȴˣָǸˮеһʬ˵翹ߵ³
ֻʣһʬ壬˶о˳ǵĺ䣬վߵ߼ˣҲɺ󱳷
ǷȴǰԼѡȷǴһ֮ģʣֻ½Ҳһ³
ɽɱǷͷˣʱһȴȫû⣬һŵȫƴٻϮ߾ԼĲ¡
翹𣿡ҶĿһ֮䣬ֱٻħ硣ħϢֻħԸμԵ׺ʹ俴ȥȴһĹӷ
һ֮䣬ħѾǰλӦͱħֱײϣ˲ͷɳѪҺ˳Ʈɢ
һλԶ龰˵ԶȥħҲ׷ϣֻǷǧٵǿһ㽫߲ס͵һֱӽ顣
˭δŮ翹ҶĿɨԶһϮ߲ɾֲʧȥս⡣
ֻƣһЩʱ
ֻɱΣһЩߴ
ҹսʿǣҪƭˣδŮЧңЩʱϮ߾Ŵ
δŮģ߸ŽС
Щսʿ뽫ǣʱæɱ¾Ϣ׷ģһʱ˷ҳһţʲôҲ
֮Уɫ԰ףͬ븸һ˵ʡţûɵĿҶ㣬ȴʲôҲͬʱҲףʳٳٲ֣Ѿ˵һС
ΪʲôΪʲô֮׽Ūң֮оȻһλ˲õĴڣ֮ǰҶϮ֮ʱȴôûʱߣʾʲôʣλᱻһƣ
ôңǸ߸ϵĴŮѾͷʲôȨ
Ϊʲôң
ȴ֪ʵᡣ
ޣޱΡ
֮£ضȨѾӰܷסȴڵ⡣ӣںǱĿע£ȴҶϷֺΪоԼǶˣ˵ͻ֣Լɱ
Ҷ㿴ȴһ̾
ɱʵ˵ҲûʲôޣҲҡֻܶ޴ˡ
Ϊҵĳ֣ѾʧȥһУ˵Ѿû̫ķֱˡ
΢΢ҡͷߣʣôԴĽ㣿
鸴ӡ֮ǰϵʵ㣬ô룿
ʲôô룿ЦȥŮҵѾͷϣô룿
ΣҵĽ㡣˵Ҳ˺㡣
ͷ߰ɡҧҧ
ߣЦһȻȥʣ˼㲻ӦùӡĴδʲôµĺԡ㣬ǻɡ
ʲôһ
δŮһְ㣬͵ڤȥڤŮɡ΢΢һЦ¾ôˡ㣬֪ί㣬ܱҪðɣ
󱯰̾Ϣһ
ڤĵ̣еĴ󳼡սʿĽˡκֻ
ԣ˼ѾˡҪڤʡԺҵҡ㲻ͬ⣬ǲ˼Ҿֻɱ㣡
ðɡεصͷ


342 Ϯ
һενǻ䣬ʵҶΪʵľ֡ƽ֮Źͬѡʱգʽؾٰ˴Ůĵǻ䡣
֮գʳ֮ɽ˺ɽꡣÿ˶ΪܹԱµͳΣеޱϲƷܵٹµĳ羴
սʤһǿߣ˵۹ƽġܵ˵ľ
Ҷȴ֪һʱһΪ˽Զ濼ǣȴ˵ڵǻϣߵȴʾݡ
ΪһߣȻܰúáУҶ׷ٲ½ͼȰŮҪЩ˺ȴŮ㣬²ֻˡ
һӹܣѣ󽫽ɽøʵǻ
ҶָԭòĿʾˣʹ˶֪һǿߡʵ½Ҷ㡣
ͨȻܿһʵΪǺ׾δŮ˵ǡЩߣȻ֪ŲˣѾǴŮҶ֮ݺả˿ɵУȴҲֻõġ
δʱȴץסҶݣԼϵһ
ҶȻǵ˵۹ʳ֮Уʹþ齣˿ռŻˣȴ׿ԸܻٴϮʡ
ûз֮⣬˶Ĳ١
°Ҷȴû뿪ڻʳ֮Уչħ磬ȴԼй֮õĺ£Ǹж֮ʣҲ֪ѵãʱ׿£ħ֮Ǳͼͻơ
Ҷħ֮Уȴ齣ȡ˳
磬кδ㣿Ҷ㲻Ϲ۲齣ޱԼоʲô̲סʡҪҲħǿħôҲаɡ
Ҷ㿴ҡҡͷסС֣˵лл㣬ޱ
лʲôޱһЦҵľġ˵͸ҵģʵ΢ҲӲħ׳ء
ΪҪҶ˵齣ȴ绤ʹáֻǾ齣⿪ٿռŻ̫ˣر磬ֻ졣룬ܷ񽫾齣ħٰ룬ֻ
п𣿡ޱȵʡ
ԡҶ˵Ƚֽ⣬Ŷ֮ķţ΢ɽҲСˣħпռŻ֮ãǿƾƶκһǿռŻĵطʧܡ
ҡͷһЦʧһر
԰ɡޱ˵رҲǱ͵ǰģֲġʧ֮ǰҲѾùˡ
ҲġҶޱС֣Ц
һ齣㱻ԭҰ֮Уٵطħ֮ڡһʱ䣬ħ׺𣬻ھ齣ϡǿķ֮ʱħǿʥȾ֮£ħķ֮£ڽۻħ׻΢
ҶСĵؿЩ΢֮ħ֮Уʹ֮γһµĻ֮Ȼٽ֮һеĿռ֮Сĵؽ֮롣
Ⲣһ£ͬѰͷһ㣬ͬںѰһ㡣Ҷ㲢ƾǿ֮СĵѰңȴһ㽫ǲڿռİ˳
ɳһ֮䣬΢һԭҰħ֮ڣħħ׺һµľ齣
˽մȾħʥȵϢȴԭĿռ֮Ϊʧһ֣ĲȴȻܵһԭĳ֮ȴ˳ס
һҶͥʹãɱǿߣԿǿߡټߵνǰҶٲõˡ
ħõ˾齣ȴѾӵռŻĹܣҶֻҪħдһŻͨ¸ԼκһŻͨ衣
ˣǴõ¾齣ȡУҶ㲻ɳޱһЦ
̫ˣޱɢ֮ľ齣֡õķĴʵֻҲ֮ء
˱áҶͷ
ǻҪڴ˴ãޱʡ
ٵ֮ƽϢҶ˵˱زưոݡߣ֮֮ңߣİ취ȴʹù˵۹Ȩף̣ȴܳ롣ʱҵڴˣȫ֮뿪
ˡޱͷ
ԴˣһҹͣħҶ򲻶оħĻʱ˵۹ʳס
ȴͻȻħ磬üҶү²ã
ʾˣҶʡ
ҡͷйءӴΪ½Ϻڵ½кָ߽ȴΪһ壬֮УһͬӴĵ۹Ϊ˵۹ھסģһԺսʵǿ󣬵Ϊк߽ȴ׽Ϻ߽ȴܵ޴ƻ˵۹ľѾϺʼҹ
˼ǣƻ˺߽磬˼˾ӣޱʡ
ȻˡͷǴڲƻǿʣҲ޷򿪺߽硣ֻƻǵĺ߽磬Ǳߴǵĺ߽磬ǿ߲ܻͨ
˵ȴǺ¡Ҷ㲻Цˡ
£еϢҲ˹Ҷô˵һɻ
ʻзʹԼʤңαشƺ߽磬˴ǰҶһЦô޷Ǳ룬ֶ˵۹Ļޱ߳ޣ˲ѧҺһ㣬˶ˡ
⻰һڣһ߲ɶЦˡ
ˡЦû˰취ԲŽ˵۹֮æӦæңһ˿οҲǱ˳ˡ
΢΢üҶүµǻãȨδָ̣ӵ۹ȴʹָǿս
ģһȫ㡣ҶһͷҲʱ뿪ԭ򡣡
ǱãһҶϰæʱ۷Ź⣬һսĽѾҶһ仰һ㡣
ŮҲӦǺ¡Ҷ˵ȴɳô˻ᣬԴŮ֮вߣԾΪԼǵȨʹǲòͷЩߣɽ˻ᣬ֤ʹóϷ
ãҶүģС£һЦ


343 ֱ
֮УϺĳ򣬺üΪ·Ҫֹ
ںľͷһƬˮЩƽˮһһгǽһ߽磬·ںӳ
Ǳνġ߽硱һֲ֪ʱɺɣȴԸƬǿ
Ҷһ£ʹʹħҲ޷ֱ߽ơ·һΪ͵۽ؽ֮Լܰˡ
ûбķ
Ҷо⡰߽硱ˮ֮Сᣬ˺ԣȴûκ˵
һƬޱ߾ޡǽȥ֮⣬ǽȴһ޴ƿڡƿڸߴʮɣɣ㹻κ鴩ʱһƬѹѹľӣѾͨƿڽϺ֮Уһ˴ӦľӪ
Щӣ˵۹Ĵ
ˣһеǻ飬˵塣ǵҲΪƣ˵ƣֻطɫͬļ׿ǣͬһһ㡣
Щ׿ϣȴԿзڹһຣ
ʱҶ뺣߽ƿһ˳ǳسͷԶ˳֮ңļ˾Ӫ
ʵ˵˵۹УҲûдսľ顣һƬЩš
ҵǾþɳҶ㲻Цˡ
Ӧô죿ʡ
һʹ߹ȥԷͼֱӳϺֱǵоҶ˵
Ҷˡͷ˼һʱѡһ³ӡҪһˣҶȴ۳һߴԷҪɱǧ˹ȥҲֻɱֻһҲܰȻ
ǰֱӷҶ㵱ȻǸȨ޺ô˶ֻǾηҶ㣬Ϊأô˵۹ƽԽб޷մȨĻҶȴûаô
ˣҪעЩҲҪ棬ȴá
ˣţԼ벻֮ʱ˵۹Ȼ¡Ҳ֪ԼҶǲɵġ
Ҷ˵۹еĵλſɳᡣ
ԥ
ɳ˵ҲǸԥȴ³⣬һЦ²ɱ͡Ҫɱǰʹߣһǧ˱ҲˣɱһȥҲܰȻ顣ҲֻȥԳһĴ
˵úãҶ㲻ɵͷޣȴǾһߣֻУⲿǸպӦá
ˡҲ߶𣬳˵ͷ΢ЦȥɣұԼȫᣡ
ǣɫȻȻͷȥһ·ŵзӪ䣬ȴ޾⡣֮ѵ˼ֻһˣȴδȫӽ䱸ֻһӱӪסȥ·
Ҷȴȫ䱸ԷҪɱˣʱɶݹȥ˾¡˵Ϣ¡
ԷȻ̸ңȴûɱתأȴݲȣԷں׷Լһ㡣
ݷȣȴ۷Ҳһ
¡˻صϣֶ񡣡ԷԳƣ߾֮֮Ϻ߽бǺ͸ĻᣬǾԲûᡣҲ˵ǾΪԶκ涼Ķձ
ˡͷ˼䣬£ȴҶͶȥĿ⡣
ѾҴ˧֮Ȩѽо֮ȫ̸֮ҡҶʱվ˳˵棬ҽ֮ƵӣָսеǰλҪЭвҴߣն֮Ȩұɱ֮׷񣿡
ףһͬ
ǷжҶ㡣˵Ļ˸Ҳţ˸Ҳӡ
áҶ㵭ȻһЦָӡ
һʱǲľǿָ֮뿪ǳأڳŲɸͬΡһλλʵǿĽһ֧֧УΪһŵ꣬ЩֻϢһǿ塣
ʮڳǳǰгԸߴȥȴ·ǳǳ֮ͻȻһͬĴǡֻǳһ˶ѳɵġ
Ҷָӣʮȴͬ˼öССӣ¶һ˿ɼĴ֮磬ȱսˣɶΪ֮ݣи̾
޳ܵߣҶÿһսʿĶСӵйȴǵļ԰Ҫǵ޶Ϊǵ˽ҪǵǵūҪǵļ԰ǵһУΪѪжѵҪǽЩж𣿡
ܣʮսʿŭ󺣡
Ǿǵη˺ÿһ֮УǵѪǵļ԰Ҷ˲䣬гԣһ
ʥҲվһߣҶţ֤ǲǺ˵клӣǽս޲ʤɱ
ɱսʿЩ类Ҷ㼯н̵ĽǴ£ĺĺ
ɱҶһ͵ԾıϣһָǰʱӪ
ʮҶĴǰȥһڽǵĴ£нغšɱ֣һɢȫγһΣôҲΪ֮ս
һ֧飬ͬԵ֮һ㣬ޱǿѹֱˡڿ֧ӵݣܵǵϢ֮󣬶̲סһ˿⡣
˭˵˶Ǽûսôսų֮һ˽˾ӣšЩһɱ
ʮ԰־ʱѾΪһ壬Ҷ߽ǿҲ̲סһ֮ңоԼС
ϣӭУһż˽ǵĴڸӪдһӶӵļսʿٵؼڸӪУжӣϢ֮ζӪϿա
ǵ͸һĹ⣬΢΢ȻΪս˷ܣȴһֱûսµȫͬ
Ǿǻսϵǿߵֻ񣬾ƽʱŵһսʿ㲻ǰҳ֡
ʮͬʱɱֵս֮ϣÿһսʿ鶼ԾرǿʹҲ
ֻǣԼһ֮ʱսʿܷ񻹱սͲö֪ˡ
ȽԷѹסҶǰĵ󣬻ڡ
ǳȥԵü˷ܣ۾Ź⡣
ǣļ棬ֻƿ˵ףĽ˳˵šҶ˵²£
£Цұλ½ؾǿ׷ɱ֮ʱ£ʮϰĴȴҸе£ұϾ壡
ãҳ壡ҶȻ֮ϡ
壡˷ܴУɰǰ


344 һ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶѾӽ˶ԷľӪկ
ĳǳأȴ½سǳزͬ½֮ϣһЩ֮⣬ﵽ׿ʹÿռӶóֶݷߣûз֮ܡ
ȴͬźˮ֮Ŀζȴͬ½֮һ㣬˺ڳǳطص㣬ȴ棬Ͽա
Ժڳǳؽ̬ԽӽڰԲ֮ΣԽǾҪϷĿھԽ٣νţҲϷ
ҶһӽӪӪĳǽ֮ϣԶֳ̧֮侹ȻǷ˿ռʱһͷ­㣬֮ɣζҶ
Щм򵥵ȴԶʤ½˵
˲ǧ㼯ȺҶȫ赲ʹٿǾӪеκ
һЩ޴͵ļ׿Ǿ㣬ȴЩм䣬ɭȻڣڼȺڻҶ㷢͵ϮҪһ˺ʳ
Щм֪׷ٵ˹ڼ򵥣ȴ֪£ǿҲη壬ǰͷۡ
Щ׿Ǿɽǳ׾δȵǿߣҲܲסһЩͷżˣôпռѵף
ȻǡҶҡͷ˶տԨʯĿռɡ֮УǱֿܽռﵱԶ;ű׼׼ʢණ
Ҫõ½ϣһʴƸ˷
ȳҶһЦǾɱЩ׿Ǿ㣬ֻʱò׼ֻ¾Ҫȥ
˵֮䣬ȴ͵شһ̧֮һ̤ɲ֮䣬Ͽձһֻ˪㣬űһеĿºȻ̤£ֱǼȺСȵĺ˲ͽֱӶ˱Ӳس˺ס
Щ׿Ǿ㣬Ȼȴеֿ֮ܣȻʱҲһ˪ȴζֻٶࡣ
ֻб˪ֱ̤еЩ׿Ǿ㣬űһ飬ò
Щһʹ򰡣Ҳɸ̾͵ſһö飬Ⱥ֮УȻըը˲ټ㣬ȴֻǽýļ׿ǾըˣȻû֮ܽɱ
Թԣָ̾Щ׿ǾٶЩһֻ֮Ҳǲ
ǾøһҶͷָ߸߾ͻȻ䡣ʱһƾ˲仯һ硪磡
ǳ˺ħ޴ܻ֮ǿ磬͵һ·ײ˹ȥȺ֮Сɢ˾޴֮ͬһһΧȺԼǳĿռ֮Сǿռĺѹ֮£ǿļ׿Ǿ㣬Ҳֻ˼£ͱҳ˷ĩ
ֻһ磬Ƭ֮䣬ɵǿµȺ
ǳ˽֮ɵɴ۾̾ۼҶʹ֮ǿ߶սȴǵһοҶԸͨ顣ʱ֪硱жǿ
ǽġ硱Ͷ֮Уֻƾľ޴ͿԽһֱУ˲ɱ
ǰ˽ߣʹκγǿɱҲ첻£
ȺȴѴ֮˼ʣֺȻ£һӪݺݵȥһӶʿţڽָ֮·ֵһĶ֣ʱ֮Уҵ÷顣
ڣ˾Ӫ֮УһƬӪʱɣ漴Ǿ޴Ӫһºķѣ˲ҽű÷˳ȥ֫һʱһƬ
ССˣҶүԿЦһſ֮࣬Ҷ㲻΢Цһţʱ⣬ɱС
ЦݣһͷȻſ֮䣬öھӪը˻
һҽУսʿһķѣѪһʱܺ˫Ŀ
һ㣬ٴƾճ֣ЩЩֻаٶûǰǵ֮ƣȴںצ䣬۳һ޴צȺץ˹ȥֱץá
мֻ䵽ǰһȴֱһҧס½ȥҡͷ̫ˣȴʲôζ
Ҷһһ˶ԷӪһʿһλλţ˧ɱߣ˸ϻɱɱɱ
Щ˵ǣȴҶսǰͽ̺˵ģΪģΪʿҪ֪սʿȱսȱȴɰսɱԣҶ㲻Ҫʿ䣬ǿѹסˣҪϹԼ˵ʿˣսʿǲһƵо
ʱ˽⵽ҶĲܣͶء
˼߽类ȱڣҪ޲ֻҪʱ䣬֮ǰٶȷսµĿܱǼˣ˵۹ӦҶĹϵˡ
˵ľӣȴа֮ڣӪʮ֮࣬ҶȻһٻٵӪԼ˾ŵӰȴҶ֪һֱо˧Ӫܿٽⳡս
ʱ˾ѾƾҶǴ򿪵һȱڣǷ³˲ռһӪһƴɱʱռϷ硣ЩǿļˣȴҶ˵ǿӦ֮䣬һء
ʱ˾ŵҲýӪУȺսʿӵѹѹƬƣҪ˲佫һӪǡ
Ҷ̧˲ʥħ磬ֱƬơ֮Уʱļսʿֱʥħ֮Уǹ밵ʳƬޡЩǿսʿȴƾǿ־޴ʥħʥħ緢𹥻Ƶǰɱ
Ҷ䣬ʥħڶԷкֱײԾ޴ײ֮һǿߡ
ǲսʿҲǿߣʮʥħľ޴ƻ֮УȴۣͬеʯȻ赲һˮȴжϽӡ
Ƭ̼䣬ǿѾɱһӪУսʿǶ̱ӡʱսòޱȣҶǿҲɱĽٵսʿǵͷϡ
ʮ˵ײǾ֮׳ۣ޷棬Ҳǲ԰ԶʱĲ𺳡֣ҹﵽԪƾ֪˶࣬˶ۣѪײս֮ϣȴɲ֮ҷ
ս˲ֵһǮ
âԶӪ֮Уһ֧ų׵ļսʿӿٶ֧֮ڣսʿϵ׼ΪأŵǵĹâϸһȴ⻬͹һֻֻз
Щսʿֱ֮ϣȷʵҲž޴㣬ЩǰӴ󣬼ݱ鲼ޱȡϷ㣬һּΪǿӡ󣬷·ÿһսʿһ̵սݣսʤ
ЩһǿɾȻƾĸְĸͳ˧һ֧ӣΪսķĽôȻֻͨһ죬Ȼ֮ڣĶΧϣҲֻбʬˣ
Ǿ񡣡Ҷ˵


345 ˮ
ƾɳ֮Ϊһ֧ܺɨһеĶ飡
һ֧飬Щڷɱ˽ǣȴһ˿⣬Ҳ
ڼıټƾšⳡսʤϣ
˾ȻӵľӣԶɫɴ䡣ʵ̫࣬Ѿ˼ԲߣֻǽҶ㣬ϣλܴ漣
һ֧޵ж飡ҶĿ֧飬ͷֻϧǽô˵طװ˷ѣʵǿϧ
ҡͷ֮̾ʣҶȴͻȻһԾ룬ٿȻӭ֧зסӶȥ֮䣬Ѿײһ֧С
̧ȻʱһĲɢȥⲨΧҡβս
֮ʣȴħзױ羪һߣǾ޴δ˿µĻһħǰֽͬƬһһײʱѷɢ֮£ȴʮзױײ÷ǡ
зױۼͬ鱻ɱûۣҶ˹Ҷֻһˣٶ࣬ռƣһҲֻʮֱҶ㡣
ЩһҶ㵱Ȼں֮Ҳδãֻǻȭȥһзױʱ׷飬ѡ
Ҷ˫ħݺɱȴһܵסֶбʱһԶԱȭзױĹֹ֮£һзױֵĻᶼûУͱ壬˫۷׶
зױȷʵÿһλŵ½϶ǽݣϧԵǸĴڣһ֮УҲڶǰǵȴͬһ㣬ȫ޷ӵء
ȴʤ޴ν϶ʳ˵Ҳһµÿһɱзųһĺֺ֮£ħǿȴҲһģĹ㡣
ħ飬ҶħƻҲʧħѣҶ˵ȴǾţһëֵһᡣڱ֮УһԶ׺ݴȴ粻ֻȭꡣ
һǿзսʿһҲ㱻ҶɱǰԵ
Ҷ֪Լɱٶ࣬ս˵ҲûʲôôзױԼǰҪɱɾҲҪϼʱԼһֱĻ˵۹ȴΧɱ
ʱԼܰȫˣһȴҲǳ׵ذˡ
ۼԽԽļӿߣҶȴ֪ʱˣͻȻħһ³˼˾ŵذΧտϷͻȻ佫һʱħеľ齣֮ڼ˾֧ͻȻ֣
֧ӣÿ֧жʮһ֣ǵ֮ż˾ŵ෢𹥻עȫսϵļ˾ţһ¾ͱû󣬹˴ʧˡ
ɱޱʹһһӣɱʮλߣһҲɱ磬һ¾ͽ˾ŵĶγҡ
޳ܵˣȻһսȴʹùƣ
УĵӰԼ˾Ӫз˷ֱӭ˾ţȴͬʱзױŷϣӭҶ㱩ɱ
ϵȣȴǳһеĸ֣źɫĺףĸߴ󼸽һɣгž޴սзױѾ䣬·ƶıݣһȣȴԶ
ɢܴݻһаǿϢڼ˾ٵ嵽Ҷǰеս⣬ͬǵһں͸ϸһ䵶ȴǾ֮״һնУֻ²ҲҪ˰̡
˵۹Ȼ½˹ᣬɱͬ壬ﲻˡһڼ˴ţеĴսҶݺնȥǵһܴмĺʹ˵ӣޱȵҶն˹ȥ
һնΧĺˮʱһŻС͵У׷˷ҶȥҶΧ·ӹԲͬطҶȫһ㡣
ޱЩڼȻǼ˲õĽɫʵܾܿǴ󽫣СӦԲɴ⣡ҶȴȷĴߣ̧һȭǰӭǿµսһնһʱ䣬ȭϢںݺἤȭӰķ뷢һĺһȭӭĺţ޴ȭӰֱǺڼˣһײ䵶ϡ
춯֮УǺڼһеĴսײø߸Ҳ˳Զ
һ֮£ֻ˳ôԶڼʵ֮ǿ
ʱһڼҲ˹ս͵ǰնȴʤ֮ǰˣҶ㵱ͷնȥ
һնγ˵ݻΪһֻ޴ļ׹꣬͸Ԩһ˿־ĹâſһѪĴҶҧ˹ĹâǼ׹зųȴо޳֮⣬絶ޱȡ
ɱǣɭȻдޱš
վͽԱ󽫶Ǽ˵۹ʹʲôֶΣҶһȴӭǼ׹˹ſƣ͵ż׹һץʱһ磬Ǽ׹ȫС
֮ڣɣתۼͽ׹Ǽ׹Ҳ֮£ȴʹҶ㲻ò磬Ž֮ȫơ
Ǻڼ׺ۼҶʩչֶΣȴȻη壬ǰƲնҶ㡣
Ҷ̧ں͵һץһʱڣ۳һ˳ıǹ
ˮǻĿǣˮʹû֮ļ󣬶ΪܵˮĿƣҲӲҶ۳ɵһ˱ǹȴͬ·һɽеҽ۶һ㣬ޱߺˮĿƣɢǿ˲佫Χĺˮ
ȴҶۼЩ׺Ϊ֮
סǹ׼ӭĺڼһǹХŴһ·ˮ̣һһȥֱײսϡʱһ𶯵ô󺣲ӿһĻ֮ɢ·սļǣоһյʹ࣬׷׾˿
׵ߣȻòȥǹһ±ըҡΡ
ڱǹе磬ȴͻȻ֮з˳⧲䣬һײϣӳ֮ըȴȫڼ׾飬ϼⱻ˺
һ磬ûǺڼֱӰ͵һǺڼ˲Ϣ֮ҷ
緢ȴڱǹڻ֮£ߣ˭ˣΪҶһ˱ǹһǹը֮£Ǻڼը˸ʬ޴档
ҶҪĽҪˮ޷ȫɱǿĸ֣ˣ֮ģ
Ȼһʹ·Щ˱ĿɿڴĵѣǰǺڼŵɫ࣬һʱ䣬Ȼһ¡
ɱľ֮ʣҶ͵˹ȥ


346 ɱ
ۼҶɱǺڼ˾֮ȴҲȫ͵طһıȣеһսϺնҶ㡣
壬ȥɣ
ڼ˴ţԼҲԼһ仰ʵ֡⻰ΪԼ׳ɡ
սķâͬ»԰䣬֮֯һžҶȫСĺϮͬ޾ķȺȻµɱȴסҶĸ֣ڼ˴ʱƲ䣬ҶҲܽһдȥ
οʱĺڼѵӣľҵĽǳҲ֮ǰ׺ݣ
ûʹ֮Ҷֻ˫һ죬Ϣ֮䣬۳һ˱ǹǻĳǹУһ㶶ǧ֮ٿȻǰһ̶һֱ߱ǰˮ˲һ磬˲ڼǰ
ڼ˸޷ֵս˱ǹʱͬѩһ±ۻ˵뱬ǹ棬ǵֵһٰ첻
գ֮䣬ǹֱ룬մǿµսֱӴ˺ڼ˵֮ϡǺʵĺڼҲֲסǹϵĻ𾢣ֱӱۡ͸룬һ´˺ڼ˵֮С
µƤζڼ˷ҵĺС˲ðҵ֮У۽ʧȥ˹ʡ
Ҷˣбǹֱӱըڲǿĺڼը֧飬Ϊвм
ЩмźķϴǿǰϢʱտζƮɢĴսʿӦǻĿ־壬ÿսʿ̲סս
ڷԼһȱս顢ػԼӶһеãһɶħصĵ
ΨһӶ߱ǰµ½ˣӶĶȴȺǿļˡ
ʿǣɱҪ˧·˽ȫָӾǰƽ
ΪܵͻϮѾҳһŵļ˾ţʱʧλȴ֯飬ڻ֮Уƴɱȴ֯ʢ˾ӳ䣬ɶΡ
Ҷǰһ·ײ赲зױޱһɱȥ
Ǳߣޱ֮סλڼˣɣ෢ȫ֮භǺڼһʱ·硣ڼ˼ǿҧս֮ʣȴ֧š
ҶһѾһƻȥ
֮Уħ뺣ռ֮һ壬ȴʹǺˮ֮۳һƥħ̬ħͷХħɢ֮ʣгһצӰźڼȥ
ڼ˷һȻһͬʱˣת赶纮ɱ⣬һеҶȥ
ƴˣձһҲҪΪȥֵܱ𣡡
ţԼһԡŲκˡ
һצӰӹӵֵЩ浶ĺиצӰȻһצӰ顣ʣµһצӰȴһӶӾҵزһ£ţǺʵ֮ϱֳһµ˿ڣ˿УȻѪ
ȴצӰֱץףץƤ⡣
ʹ࣬һӣҪҶͬھԣֻһЦʱޱָ֮·ʮȭشںڼ˵ϣӲ׻飬Ŵðڡ
ڼ³һƬѪˮź׹ȥȴѾڵԨ
һˣҶһֱһĶȥһڼ˲ȴȫѹŴмλѾˣֻ˵һԣȴʹսƽڼһбΣա
Ҷһ˾ʱоѹǺڼ˸ӦҶǿϢһҧ·ҳһŵľӣ͵شһˣ
˵ţԼԶݶȥ
ɶ֮ʣһγ˾޼֮Σһ½Ⱥָ֮ʱѾӰ
ӣҶ΢΢һЦǰҲӵõһ
һһץսľ޴ʱסΧĺ뺣صĿռ䣬һ֮溣ߣǺڼϣȻֱӽԺ֮˻һߡ
ƴھ֮ҪŭĴ𣬵ֻüгһ֣ҶѾһĽǰϡʱųһ亹ȴٷ
ȥ߼˵۹ߡҶ㶢۾һһٵ˵˵۹Ѿ½Ĵ۹ڤޡԪӦƽˣͬͬءκҪ˵۹Ĵ۹ɳԮңǻȫ֣һȫɱ
ڼ˿Ҷ۾оʲôԼСָое֣ԼѾȫԷ
ŵó
Ҫκλ롣Ҷ˵½뺣֮䣬˲ƶŻںηֻҪ˵۹ѣҶڵһʱϵҸϲĳЩ˹һʱóѣҲߵĹȣչпɱ¾
˶٣ʣˣ
ڼ˱ĿȣȻص˵ͷ
ô͹ɡҶ㻺ͷҲɱ㣬ǵס
ڼ˾ֺˣҲٿ·ľһۣʹݷɶݶȥ뺣޼еɲǣҶȴͻȻָһʥħ磬ȰУ˲硣
УҽСǺڼʹоȥϥ֮£ȴԶϺ֮С
˵ԶʧϺ֮С
ҶүȻ޵еǿ߰һߣʱĨһ׷ιƨ
ָӾӣսȫ֮УҶʩ
ǣһ߷·Сܴһ㣬Ӧż˾ɱ˹ȥ
ҶתзױɱȥȺʵǿڶ࣬ҼǺ¡˳֮˽ʿ׷Ǳӣƴź߽ȥȴͬδһ㣬Ǽţŭ˾չ
·һȺҪķһ㣬תۼȴɱ˲˽սʿ
Ȼһֱζһ֮ȴԿסǿ
ҶȻܷβܣ͵һչħ磬Ǳźݺײ˹ȥһ˲䣬зױײ֧顢ɡ
ҶԶ˵۹ǳظߺսѶѵʰսĵҲû𣿡
һ仰ȴʹЩһʼû̬Ҫɱеɫһ졣
һδսҶⲢֱӲսЩ߱ҲûëԼֻΪսԼݸز룬ֻ۾ͺãɵȵϵʮλ߳ǱߣǲŸоЩԡ
ʱҶôһ˵Ȼȴ˴죬ʱ׷׷Լս
һʱ䣬˾Ƹʢ˾Ѿɾһսȴݱ˵ɱ¾
ʤѶ


347 Ҽ
սѾ׷ɱ뱻׷ɱ뱻ϷʤѶ
׷ɱоȻһҲҪ£ģŸ˽ģɱһ·β׷һǿԶϺ֮С
ôȫߵģȻҶ㲼õ˶ԷΣҲضսʿ·нһļԶ
ҶЩܵļˣ΢΢ҡͷο൱ߣ
Ƭ̼䣬Ŀȴһ֧ס
֧Լǧˣ࣬ж뻮һʹ֮УҲܱβҡǵ׳ֳһׯصĻɫȴвͬȴ޴׵ļˡ
֧鲻ͷҶһüԵ˵
ȷʵ۲켸ۣҲͷʾͬ⡣
׷ȥҶǰתۼ׷֧顣һȴǶ֮оȻһݰĴ󳵣ƥһɳǺţһڻҼ˱롣
ʲô棿Ҷƣһ֣ʱħ֮צ仯Ϊʮɳݳץȥ
ħ֮צͶЩҼսʿʱӦȻͬʱ̧ͷһȡǧսʿ룬ͬһʱһȭǧȭƻ۳һ壬Ϊһֻȭ֮Ӱ𣬾Ȼħ֮צһײ
֣Ҷȴɳһ
ǧͬʱܸӦΣս٣ȴʲôǷӦ٣һѾѵÿɹ󣬶ȭƾȻԻһ壬֮Ծˡ
˵ǧ˶ȴ֮ǰɵзױŻҪǿ
ôһ֧ǿĶ飬ôս֮ʱɱУ
Ҷеɻ
ſƣҶɫ΢΢һȴǲٴУʹʮɵ͵һȭ˲䣬гССıȭ磬ÿֻͨȭͷô󣬵̺ȴԶȭɱȡ
䣬ǧ˴ӻȥ
ǧͬʱȣһȭɣγһֻ޴ȭӰ˹Щʵ̫Сȭȴںһ㡣
ЩСС磬ȴҶײھȭͬλ֮ϣһ𱬷˲佫ȭǧٿףɢ
ҲʱҶöԷɢδ֮ʣһƻһ޴ʥħ磬һ½ǧ˶鶼С
ʥħһסˣʱʹǧָҪǿޱȵĻ֮һǧӢͬʱֻʥħҲҪǻƣϧҶǶʤֻ˸ʱս㽫ס磬֮ɱ
һݳȴҶ֮ȡߡһӣħ֮צںУһ½ݳץ÷飬¶һ
ǼһۣȫսģǸһĺŴ֣ʱһҶ㣬ŵɫҰףŴֱ̧ųһֻ
ǽҫİ׹⣬ɢŵȻһķ˲Ҷͬһ㡣
ķȻҶֱһָһ磬ǷУ֮ѹջС
Ǽ˾һʱתͷҲص˳ȥȻȴʹöݷ
ҶһӦ֪˲׳̶ȣ֮Ȼδսǿĵرҩｫ˽׵Ļɫ
ߣҶ˵Ⱥһ̧һצʱһֻצֱӽץס͵Ҷǰ
Ǽ˾ִУ¶ȿ־ɫλˣһԸʮʯ
ʮʯЦˣǸǮˡϧҲȱⶫ
˵ʲôˣҶʣħǹâҫ֮γɾ޴ѹʹľʧأеֿҶ־֮⡣
¡ԶĶǼ˵۹̫Ӽܽܵ׾˾ˡԷһ˵˸סֻ̫һ˾ˣεˣԴ˴Զɳǿҡλˣɱң̫ӱȻŭʱ˱ַ֮գңұ̫ӳĴ£ʹ̫Ӹлѡ
ʲô߰ģһԵţ̲סЦ
㡪κ߽类ƣǷϺֶ̫ΪҶʡ
ǡǣæͷ
ںδҶʡ
Ǽ˵۹֮СҲʵ̫ӽʷϱרΪṩ֮أͼɱϺ𡣡
ģߣ˿Ҷ㡣Ҷ㣬ô죿
ȻҪɱˡҶ˵漴һ֣һ罫ѹħ֮аá
ʲϺգҡǿϹ޻ʵұص֮ħ֮ϣȴܴ鵤ǿǺöҶ˵
ȷʵǺö뵽һö鵤ޱΪĽףͲ۾Ź⡣
ȻףҩħֻҲޱһ
ʱף˿ռ֮ɾһˡ
뵽Ҳ˷УҶ㣬𵢸ˣʱɱȥǸʣϹ޻ʵУ
ȥ˵֮׷ɱֹʵ޳𣿡Ҷ㿴ȴЦ
۾һǲһûκ壬ǾΪرҪɱңȻ̰޳ܡʿȣŴҪɱ㣬Ʋ̤Լ԰ʵǸ֮ˡˣȻҪɱϹ޻ʵΪһıꡣȻ
ҶȴЦˡ
˵ʲôôģʱޱȴ񱣻˹ʱսѶսȴȫ֧ԮǼصҶߡ
Ҷ㽫֮¼˵һ£ޱüҡͷҲ½һ޶ӣսɱȴֻôһûõĶǻӹɴ˿Ǹʲô̫Ҳʲô
ôֻ࣡ɱʣϹ޻ʵˡ˵۹ʵΣǺ£
Ϊ˵۹İǴ°ҶһЦ֮ΣϺաʱԹ˲Ͼõ֮ΰæǽˣҪԼͬͬأѣȻҪȫǽ
⵹Ҳǡͷֻ֮ʱȫæأ
ǸӡޱЦ˵
Ц
Ҷ㺬ЦȴͻȻʹݷޱһص˳ǳ֮Уߡ
ʱڼ˵۹һ棬㿪żɽʲϺֻ½ա⵽˵۹һˣɱͬʱƽ˵۹вҲһ׮¡
Ҷүˡæͷɳҵĸӣһǰȥһ֮
ҲáҶһͷ


348 ԭ
ħ磬ޱָ֮Ҷʹ޶ݷź߽ƿڴȥ
˾ű࣬ĸڼ׽⣬޸֣ȴܷҶ
ݴԽǺ߽ƿڣЩӱȥ;УٴʹħеԼαװȴǱ仯һλϹˮʵ
һ·ǰӱȴɢʮ֧飬ŲͬķȥȴǸԼ԰
Ҷ޿ռ֮һǱѹеܸ֮Ӧ羰۱仯ΪԼָ˵۹Ƿ
;֮Ҷһ·ǰн֮䣬ֽǱѹĳȡ˳
ʹҶѾ֪˽ΪӰ̫ӼܽĻﳬķκһн֮Ҷǿȴʲô
ķҲѵãҶ˼һ󣬾֮£֮СѾǿ󣬼ʹټ̶ֳȵķҲ罫⺣Ӱʵʵݡ
֮ǰɭ̵ⷨȣȴ̫࣬˼֮䣬ȴ⺣Ӱƺ¥ƺ¥ʵ
ԼүôҲö¥ǡ
ţȴͻȻǰһȻӰ޿ռУ΢΢һ֮䣬ȴӹһʧ˷
ô£Ȼͣ޿ռ˳ܣȴֻһƬƬޱߵĺˮߵȴʲôҲ
ϸӦ֮£ȴܸоһϽΧĿռŤĸй֮Ӱ졣ۼǿ飬Ȼڲͬĺռ֮УȥһƬ͸׷ָڲ֮ͬһ㡣
δܴﵽزֻҲҪʧһƬ֮С
ȴʲôطô۾ħ֮ʱһƬҵĿռ֮пһͨ·ͨ·ȥ
֮ȴǽ뺣֮Уۼɹʯ֮ɽγһƬ׵ɽ֣θӣ·ۡ
ͨħ֮⣬Ҷ˳ҵǹԴ֮أɽ֮УתһסɽڶУħ֮ԼγԹɽȴһױԭ֮С
һƬԭԲ·һСһ㣬ںˮ峺տƽı棬Զһɽң·һ硢
ʱԭ֮Уȴڼս˶Ǽˣһڶ࣬ϽųɫзףˣһֻмʮˣֻףȫŮӣʱѾȫ·磬˶Ƿѹס˲䣬ɥ
Ҷԭ֮£ֻȴϰپʬ壬߰ʮߣȴһװŮӡ
⻹ʮŮӣʮзΧס裬ʹǷҵĽʹڵֿŮͬʹ಻ѣʹս
üͷһ壬ʱҪǰ
ԿտٲԹ־ܣֻкһ³ˣʱзеͷ߳ŮͷһЦ
ˡͷŮӿ߽ʣʮŮɳ̾һԼ˶ϣͼףǻȥ߼ܽܣҵز
˵ţ̧һץںһԼ䡣
ŮӼˣҲ׷׽ھ䣬Ҫء
ܽܣҶһ
зҲ̫£ŮӱǳΪĳ֮Ů
û뵽Ȼһ
Ҷ˼ȴ飬ʱǰȥȴһҪ
˲䣬һȭһȭ֮ӰСֱΧһз˵֮ϣзҲͱһȭð飬ѪĽմͬһ
Ҷһ֣ȴһƬȭ֮꣬ڱԭŮʮзϣ˲佫Ǵһʬ塣
ʲôˣôӣͷз˷ŭ͵ӿ𣬽ΧĺˮԼΪһ壬ȥ·Ǵ˺ˮ仯ɵһ㡣
͵طҶ㣬̧֮䣬Χĺˮӿݣֱӻһ޴սҶ㵱ͷն
Ʋֻ׶ѣȻѵ۷壬˵ȴ̫ԶҶЦһ﷢ɭȻħ
ħ֮ʣͷֻжȻһȴһʱ޷չ֣ս֮Ҳһ˿
Ҷʱһƻ𣬿ʱһħצӰצӰֱ˺Ѿ˶ˮ֮սűӹͷߵ塣
ͷ͸ֵĹ⣬ؿҶ㣬漴ҵһ𣬾ȻѳˮɢһʱѪɫˮչֱĺֱӴߣƮɢ١
Ҷ²ͣǰ˫֮ʣһצӰӣһзױڲҽ֮У˺ѳһм
һ֣ɳ˳ЩмַзױҲСз׷֮ʣ֮ʬиΪ
зױУλǿߣۼҶ飬ĵԺҲ֪ҶɱҪȫɱܵĻȴֻøң֮Уȴ־Ҷ
һˣﳬףһУشʩչµɱΧĺײĭһɱЩĭ֮УҶΧ
Ҷ㿴ҲһƴȵĿռ֮ʱźһУʱеĭУǳǿ߾֮Сʱǿ߷һҽУȴзױ룬ȫԡѪ
ɱһǰдҶ㣬ʹȫҶƳһײǰſ³һѪˮ˫ȴȫ飬˲⡣
ƴˣһˣʵﵽףݺһҧ䣬ͻȻҶ㼲˲ȫ׻ȴ·Ǳһɫס
ǰСģλԿտһҪʹѳ
ҶʱףȻΣȴһֲɣ֮Ҷʵף⿤ȻΪһλǰ֣ȴʮֹ
ѳ
Ҷ㿴ˣȴȤҲԼ
˵Ϊȫ׻üΪӲȴ·Ǳһεĵһʱ׳ޱȣȴٲܶ
һĲƣϻţһһ㣬ȥصĿΪ֮ѣ
˿̣ϵȻҶ㾪ȵطƬ֮䣬˵Ȼﵽ˳Ľ׵ĳ̶ȣ
ɳףĽףʲôγɵĽ
һʱ䣬Ҷȴ˽֮⣬һץʱһǰֱȥͬһ㽫С
ɱ˱֮УʱסȴһֻǷĴ˲䱬ը
һĲƷӶ޴ıը֮˲佫Χеը÷飬ǿ羹ȻҲ֮Ѻۡ
ǿ
Ҷ㲻ɰһ


349 Ԩ
ǿߵɱʽѳȻȴûƵҶһ硣
ԿտȻǲѺۣȴû޸磬Ǿ
˽ǿߣһ˿Ȼǰ˽ǿߣ˭ȴôδ
оˣʮŮΧ˹ֳϲ
ֳʮȥĽáԿտȥ˺۱Ůһʹ
Ҷ׺ǿߣзױȴѾ˵ۼ󳬷ǿ߶Ҷ֣֮Ҳսʱֻȥ
ӣԿտؽţ׷˹ȥ˾Ȼ·ߣ˸һ׷ɱǽϢȥ
ǣʮŮӦһ
ҶҲ˺ۣȴٷӳʲôǿҲ໰ֻ׷˹ȥּ佫ޱѩӰųһɱЩӱ
ѩӰһֱΪʵ̫Ҷزãе÷š˼ʣҪԸĶһЩСɫҶ⽫Ҳ˳ǡ
һ£ѩӰ˷ܻˣ֮һХһһ˻˺ҧȴǱʹޱ׵Ҫ͡
Ҷ㾹Ȼͬ飬Կտ˵һһʱȴ׷ЩС
ʱЩзȫҶһɱ˸ɾʬδ¡Ҷ㻷ܣκһз©Կտǰһ֣û°ɣ
лǰ֮ԿտȻɣȴ֪񣬴ʱֻ࣬ƮȻҶʩЩŮҲ˹һҶʩ
·ƽεѣ㲻ʲôҶһЦ
ǰԿտѩӰޱеľΡôӵܣ⡭𣿡
һ˵һߴ
ԼӦҵɣһϢ޴ѹŮӿȥ˲Կտ⣬ŮĪս
Ȼ壿ŮӶ
ٰһЦ
Щ̫ӼܽܵˣҶʡ
ǡԿտһͷ
ôأҶʡ
СŮмԿգǼ˵۹ĶŮԿտ˵
һָŮЩҵӣҵĺýãû뵽վȻ¡
·ʬ壬Ȼ£ŮҲЩܵŮӣɫҰףƺԻȥѾûȤ
Ҷ㿴ЩܹŮӣ΢΢һ̾ȻҲûһЩѾҪʧȥǣһЩˣѾ⡣
ޱֿ˿ޱͨʱ˼̧һָ䣬˫һʮֻĹʱڷͶ뵽ЩŮӵڣ˲ԭҰǵ־ơ
ǱѾɥʧ־ĹơĹһ壬ʱǵ壬ȴҪкǣǽһʱҵļȫ˸ɾ
ת֮䣬ʮŮαĹ˼䣬һһػԹȥŮȴ֪ϷʲôнԾҶǵľˣȴҲҿʡ
ǰǣԿȴ̲ס
һʱļ䡣ޱ˵ˣǱ㲻ǵԼ·μܷ֮ȻȹҪԼҲҪǵˡ
ˡԿһ࣬˵֮£߱ܣ۽УʮûΪСµǣǶҪԶһ㡪ʮֻһƴɱ˻ԣȴδκζͽȾָ
ǣһŮʱӦ
˽й¶ҵĵˣʱ˭ұɱ֮ԿĿɨŮ
ŮĿᶨɫݣȻ⣬侮ʯϵ׵¡
ʱԿղתޱ֣صʩһ񣺡л֮£û
ˡҶ˵һ䡪̫ӵΪ˴󵨣ȻΧѵ̫⣿
Կ΢΢ͷȴʹ𣬶תԸŮߣʬ壬Ůɢȥ󣬲ŶҶ˵ǰ̫ӲҪɱңΪľǽһƬԭ
ԭһҶ˵ұ֮Уоʧ˷򣬲ںһ·Ѱ˴¡
ԭΪԨ硯Կ˵Ȼ仯֮أΧˮ¶ȲͣȴԶ֮ˣǰ֪ǺԵʣ
óΪǰҶһЦһ೤ȴͬ½ˣҲҵȴû󡣡
ǰ½ˣԿһ
ǡҶһͷ˲䳷ȥαװ¶˱ĿԿաѽؾһؿҶ㣬κɫȻ΢΢졣
Ҷ㡣ޱԼоʲôԣʱǰסҶĸ첲żԿһЦδɷ򡣡
ԭҶӣʧˡԿɫ죬æƮȻһ
Ҷʾ⡣
Ԩ֮⣬ȴȻĺ䣬֮֮ꡣԿ˵
Ҷһѵ֮磿
ǡԿյͷ˵һȻɵıأҸż֣ȴЩСͨԨе꣬ڵõϿɣ˴˵֮ɳ롣õ˵غ󣬸һʵҲ˱˵ע죬ֻ֪Ҽһ鱦أȴ֪̫˵ãһֱ죬û뵽һʱ⣬ǵ˸ҷ֮뽫ڣʵǿȴЩ
˵ţһ̾ȴ˵ȥˡ
ʥأҶ㻷ܣȴûиӦʲôԵǿϢ
ҶҵľˣȴԿյ˵֮ܿʵΪǿ߿﹵ͨӢǣ֮۶ΪҩֵҩΪ鵤ǿޱȣǿ߷ãԹ̾磬ޣԪƾǿ̷Σֱӽ
ĵҩһԹԲˣǼǳǿˣ
ȻˡԿղһЦ鵤ãȴ죬Ҫмǿ֮Ҫһ㹵ͨҪԨȡùؽ֮ɺ飬գҲҪ£Ҫһ꣬ſ۳һö鵤Ҽҵõⱦزʮ꣬ǰҲʮǿߡ
Թԣ̾Ҳ൱˵ˣʮˣ齨һ֧С顪ǿɵСӰʲô
ѹּܽ˵ءҶ΢΢ͷ
ҶӣдΪ㽫˵ضŰɡԿ˵ԽʯԹ˵أ˵˵Ե˵֮˹һˣʱ˵ۼ鵤
˾ȵֵ̲סͷ


350 鵤
Ҷ㲢ظĵѧӡమƣȡ֮еֻҪãΪƵñкβã
ȻܡԿյͷҸһŮңҪԨ繰ԱҲԥ
ҶԨ絹ЩȤҶͷܣϸӦ֮£ȴħ֮һЩ꽨һϵ
ҶȤҿɽ֮֮ԿһЦ
ءҶȴһ֣Լҵһ˿֮ͨԼһ԰ɡ
롣Կ͸֮ɫȴûж˵ʲôǻͷ
Ҷ㻷ܣӦΧ仯ͻȻűԭȥ£ڱԭ֮ϡ
۾ȴչħ硣˲䣬Ǿ޴罫ΧϢ֮УħеӢ֮ˮ𵴶˷Ԩ綼
һʱ䣬ħҶһԨĸооԼܸһӣ˵ʱԨںΪһ塣
Ԩ֮Уһʹоͨ䲻ůϣȴ侲ƺǻҲ֮΢΢˴ǧ緲֣һʱһֳһеĸо
֪ߵ֮ԼӰ졣
ʱֿ֣бϲʱ֪һǿգޡ
棬յĹҲȼΪ䡣
ԭᣬΪͷһհˡ
ȻһգֺαҪ鵤αҪæµȴ١
ҶЦˡ
ջħ֮ջС׼ףħ֮ջ󶼲иоλᱻֳ֮Ӱ죿
һˣȻҪ֮ᷲ뷲֮ᾡһУԼһУûаһء˵λıҼȻΪڤˣԵΪΪҼȻΪʿȻҪԶϸߣֱʥ⣬֮һδһձҪ׷׳
ʣķȴʹһתΪºͣУħ֮С
ͷһӢ֮ʱħޱħҫ֮£ʼ۳Ρ
ʥ֮ռֲ֮ͬͬʱһε֮ϣʹһ塣
Ҷ㲢żֻǱűĵİϵؽħԨӢ飬תۣ뵽һ΢С֮С֪䣬ǵҩʵ壬۳ɹΪһöӰС鵤
ۼ鵤ҲѰ
Ҷ̲סšһ룬һ߼Ͻеɹۼ鵤
֪䣬һһʱȥޱ£Կսһڲʬ񣬶֮Щޱ˼ŮҲ˹æŰЩŮӡ
ѩӰԹԵΧܣرŶһƬױԭϲ֮顣
һʱȥԿռҶ㻹Ҳżޱ뵽һڱɽеıϢȴ
䣬һʱȥҶȴͻȻħ磬жѩӰһӦϢʱ˹ȥϾޱͼԿ˱ݣҲ˹
ۼ鵤¡ԿռҶôΪʧܣɿڰοʡҸҲ˰ʱ䣬ŽŵҶ뵽֮㡭
ǸҶ㵭һЦ˰֡ĺҶĳˣҶĳȴΪѽ鵤۳ˡ
ʲôԿһ˵ģֻһʱ䣬֮ɹ۳˼鵤
ʲôֵġ֪ʱ˹żԿ΢΢һЦһüԿΪԼǴСֵӡҶ㣡
Կɫ΢΢һ죬ȴǲţ̲סʣҶӣûб˼ֻǡֻܷۺõļ鵤ҿһ
áҶһͷ֮䣬ʱʮöɢâ鵤ں֮лƮ˼Կյǰ
⡭ʮö鵤Կյɫˣ͸ȫǾȣ̧ͷҶ㣬ȴ·ǰһġ
ô鵤⣿Ҷʡ
Կ֣鵤ɫܺãۼ鵤ľʮ֮ãȴҲ۲ɫõļ鵤̫ȣ̫ˣҶӣ㡭ô쵽ģȻһʱ۳ô
Ҳ˵𣿡һһ⡣ΪҶСѾͷ˵ʵɡǼ˵۹֮ǰϺ𣿾ǱҶ˾ӣ׻ơǰסСС鵤ʲô
⻰һڣԿվ͸Ǿˡ
˻棿̲סҶʡ
Ҷͷһܻ̫ӵľ˾ˣġ
˵һ֣ħʱһ磬˲һŻ¶汻ѹŵ
ȻԿվһ
ԿտԿգһ
Ҷһ磬˵ǰΪϺĳðϺһһλʣΪһ֮˽ƺ߽磬˵۹˵۹ȴʮʿ罫
ҵ˵¡ԿյͷֻǱϾ֮£ҲûйġʵʹȻɶ񣬵ܽȴɶһҪ֮ΪǧŵʱջҲһս
̫ܶԿɱ֣Ȼ밵ĹϵҲðɡҶʡ
ǵġԿյͷҸصӼʼʼǻ֮ˣģֶΣιڱؽһɰֻϧ²Ѿã̫һ죬ȴûлˡ
ǹȨлɳ˰
Ҷ⻰Ȼͷһ
ü˵۹ȨôֻҪ£һѹһֻԸˣԨˣȴս֮࣬ҲʹսʿͿ֮̿֡
ҲҶĶʽ
ɱаŹǧѪ̾͵֮·Ҷá׷ģɱٵˣ£ʹ»档
ԿտˡֱԡԿҶ˵ô࣬ҶȴҲѾµ˼ʱżɽϺ˵۹ˣԲų¡˵һܱȶһ˺ã˵۹˵ˡսǧͿ̿ȴϻʹã㣬𣿡
ԿտҶ㣬һ󼤶ƮȻһ˵Ҷӣʵһ˵ЩǴ֮⣬ֻ̫ͻȴóȻڡᵽ£Ҳ֡Ҷӣܽ˵۹֮Ƿϵ̫Ӽܽܣʼǻ˵۹㽫Զ˵۹ѣ
ãҶصͷ


351 ʼ
ˣƣ͸Ҳʺ֮⣬һʺһࡣ
ʱҶڰ֮УڼԿս֪֮ԿЩ⣬ųһ亹ʱҶʩһ񣺡ҶӣΪƾҶӷԸֻҪǲΥ֮£С޲ӣ
үˡҶЦŰ֡Ҷĳʩ֮ʱδͼʲôرֻ֪ҽйͬĵˣȴү֮ġ
ġԿʱҶԼ壬Ŀһ
˵˵۹Ըǣʡ
˵۹δŮµǻȵλӡޱ΢Ц˵½صһǿڤ½֮ϣƾԼ֮˷ڤλ۹ˣγǿơ˵۹ˣν½Ϻϣʵ˫
Բɶݣ治ɫֻ֣ԭȴҶүʧˡ
»¡ֵһᡣֻλҪΪΪǡҶ˵һУҲΪǿڤʵ½ϵλˣǿŲ죬ڤղԶҵ
ҶүȻһͷޡ
ΪҶү֮ѾŵԨԶšԿ˵ҶүӴ˱Ԩˡᷴ԰ɣ
ôᷴԣһЦʣǷ֮ҶүˣδӦ磬Ҷүÿ˵ԼȴӦ뵽˵˵ˣȴʹ֮
˵ԿЦˡֻҶүţȴôڣбʹ֮
£һ
ˣҶүȻֻһʱ䣬۳ʮö鵤ءԿ˵
⡭˰죬һʱȴ˵òŵͷ̾ţţҶүȻһʱö鵤ʵ
öʮöԿչ˵һ顣
ŲˣҲ˵ˣؿŮ
һۼ鵤дջ񣬵Ҳ¡Ҷ΢΢һЦּ䣬ʮĹâͣǰǰϣȴʮö鵤
ʮö鵤лүͬҶĳʹԨлǽ軨׷ɡҶ˵
ʮöϢɫõļ鵤һʱ֮վ֣صҶһ֣Ҷү֮ţС
Ҷ㵭һЦֻ
󣬼һࣺҶүһ䡪Ϻ˵۹δŮϱ
²١ҶͷȴҲΪǰδŮΣҪ۹ڲб֣֮ܳɹ
Զܣλ󽫾ֻһλҲ֪䣬ҲҶүĹͣʡ
Ҷַų磬һߣüбŵæ
˲һ鷲ӹšһߡǿõĻʺϸλûʵѧֻ֪ʹıСֶΣȴ˲ټҶүá˴ԶҪѹǿߣбӦһλսĴ˧ȴǽһλλ󽫾
ˣﶼв١Ҷ˵
ɱɡԿտһ
һ仰ŵ˿ӣæУ֪̫ӵһеϸһõģҿ԰ǽҷΥԸеıҲ֤µĲһֶΪ
ʲôȻŭһʱ䣬гǿߵѹ߶оҪ
ҶħɢޱҲʹӰ졣
֪ʧ̬ǸϢеʣ˵µĲ̫йأ
ĺ¡æ˵ȻѾ˥֮꣬Ҳиʮû̫ӼմȨѰϹҩ͵͵£ʹһ𡣡
µ棿Կʡ
ҩ̫Ѱġε˵ȿɲ֪Ҫ°ڻ֮ӣֻүһĻɣ
Сˡޱüͷ塣񡣡
šҶ㻺˵ֻʹ֮ʱҪһ˵ǵʱڣұ֪ζ
ҡңæҡͷҶһ֣
ӣӣ޳ӣϼ˵۹ʵ۱ϣ񲻴ңֻҪడŭδ̲סţδֻǵ֮ҲʹзשʱѺ
ҵĿģȡϺƽҶ˵Ʒ̫ӼܽܣҲǱ֮¡ͬͬǲϲս֮ˣʱЯͬģȻܴĿꡣʱϺ򽻺ãͨޣȴһ¡
Ҷүվһˡȥֶ˴α֮ҵ̫ʱ¾ٶЩһҲ׼
áҶһͷվ
ͬʱʹݷһżԿգһޱ뿪˰֮жȥ
֮һ֮Уֱʹöݷһ󹬵ȥС
ǻ𣿡
˸Զݷ˳һ鷿֮УһλòӢļֳ˹һҶޱȴ΢΢һ漴ͷ΢Ц⡣
Ȼλ½ѡ壬ĪǱҪλʶЦʡ
һͷһָҶ㣺λ½صһǿڤƽԪҶ㡣ָޱλδӣޱ
һᡣӹһ
λҼ˵۹ӣʼҶӡ
һᡣҶޱǹΪ
ɡʼ΢ЦŽõһžµʯ¡
ҹԶϺ˴̣Ĵ󽫾λɱһλ˵ҲһУ˵ֻϺһһλ½ʼҶ㣬֪λ½˺ҶүǷйϵ
¿ѾµˡҶһЦ
㣿ʼ͸һĨ֮ɫĨȥͷޣҶү½ϵһǿ˺У˲󼰡
ǸˡҶżʼ΢΢ͷʹ˵㲻ӡ˵۹ˣδŮǻ½ˣϻλ֪Σ
лʼһϻҲ˵ֱվҶ㹧һ
̰ͼȨλֻǸʲΣ̫ӸãһҪķʷȴ֮Σ̹Ȼȴۿ磬Ϳ̿һƬս֮µ־ĺ̫ƽҸ
Ҳҵ־򡣡Ҷ㵭Цֻ


352 ̫ӶȨ
ˣʵһ㡣Ҷ˵ȻܽԼ׷Ĺ򿪣뷨ںϣԼԴ񽫻Σ֪ˣȴ
˵ʼͷ̫ӼΪ֮ʱұѾµΡ̫ӺǳζͶȻйͬԣ׾ͽһһѾˣʱֱ󺦡
ĿͬЯͬģȥҶ˵ҷ½뺣ϣ㲻½ؾþӣ಻Ը˴˼ȴκӰ졣۹ңڴ½֮ϣѻиȴκγͻ
ҲˣһҶүˡʼһЦ
˼򵥣ޱ̲סʡ
ͬʼϿҡС̫ӼҪңǻʩ־ң˵ҵ常ȴʤдšˣΪܰҵˣҿߡ
¹ȻšҶ㻺ͷжԼʼһ
˲ã˲ɣֻһ㣬λߵʡͨŽ̸Ҷַּʼƶȫ֣ɼ˽ȴиΪӴϬ鱨
ڼܽѹ֮£ܽ鱨ʼ֮ǿɼһߡ
ҶүˡʼһЦˡ񡪡Ϊףȴʼ޷ҶүΪҶүǳ߽ף
ֹԿ˵ҶүھʱõĿǡ硯֮
֮ʼΪ֮ݣһࡣˡ׾δҶүȻǰ˽׸֣
ˡҶһЦҲ߽ףΪĳЩԭ򣬶հ˽֮ѡİ˽ǿȣԶ
Ҷүǫˡʼҡͷ߽֮հ˽֮ȴȵİ˽ǿ߸Ϊǿ󡣽Ҷү˽֮ʱֻ춯أڰ˽֮ȫ޵֡ǿѣʼֻ벻ˡ
˵ţЦ
ҶүҪЦ˵ʼҲǷһԱȨҲпֻҵĿȨʵĺ̫ƽ룬̫ӣȨķѹĺ
మƣȡ֮еɡҶ΢΢һЦҪɱʣಢֻΪ簲Ϊһбص֮ġ
Ϲ޻ʵʼʡ
ǷҲȤҶʡ
ʼ˵ʵ˵ҶķҲʮӳ֮ȻҶү֮ԲȾָǽԵɺ֮£ⷨУҲػ˫ַϡһ㣬Ҷүġ
áҶһͷҲõ³Կ
Ҫ˵۹ӣ֪Ƿ񷽱㣿ʼʡ
ȻҶһ֣ħʱ֣Сħ֮УָԶһָ뿴ŮĸΪɸʹõġ
ʼǷֻ˾Ӣսʿʱħ֮ϥùһͬΧΪṩ˲ͬĸ֮ȴʹǵٶһ㡣
սʿʼûбֳ֮飬Ҷħ磬ȴֳ˼ȵ𺳡磬иֲͬʼҶȴԽع
һ֣ħ磬Ҳʱ˻ص鷿֮СԿջδӿħлָʼȴѾʼҶ̸֮
δ˵䣬ʹ˽£ʹʥּݵҪǰȥּ
ʹʼ΢΢üǱ̫Ӹոմһ̣߱ʹЯʥֻּ²Ǻ¡
ȥ˵Ҷһ˵һ߽ޱͻħ֮УԼʹ仯Ϣһģ
һֱ죬üʼ𾪲С
壬㲻Ҫȥˡʼ˵Ǽһֻ»֪жԸǵļƻ
˼ȫһͷԿ鷿֮С
Ҷżʼ鷿תԺ䣬һǰʼŲ˵ҶүڵȺһһ𵽵нּȴҪʥּݡ
лѡҶ΢΢һЦ
Ŷ룬ʼҶڵźԼСʱѾվһˣΪһףװ֮öս֮ãﷺž⣬ΧӸۡЩ۲ͨˣǿôţȴ⣬һսŵͷ̧
ʼ󲽶룬һϢʱԼ˱Щ۲ֹͣһ·Ժһ½ůһ㡣
ʹˡʼһЦһ֡
£ˡĿһ漴һЦżʼ
֪ʹ˴˸ʲôּʼʡ
Ӽʼּʹһ࣬óһʥּʼʱߺּ
ʹʥּʼɫȴͬʱڵź󾲾ҶɫҲء
ʥּ˼ܼ򵥣ȥЩʾȨôʣһЩΣܽһ˼˵۹Զ˵۹սʧ˵۹ֳ裬ҪɾϺʵּҪʼԼľȨ齻̫ӣ̫ӴȫϺһѩǰܡ
Ӷˣʥּʹ̬߰ʡ
ˡʼͷվ𣬽ӹʥּ
ôδ㣿ʹƤЦⲻЦʡ
ȻڸʰšʼһЦ
Ȼʹ֮⣬΢΢漴ЦǱá˶˵һȻ١ʵ˵ɣ֮ǰҲĻӡүּȴ˲ٱԹִĻء
ӦҲûб˼ֻǾ̫δΣհɡʼ˵
˭֪أʹЦôӴʱӣ
١Ҫʱ䡣ʼ˵ʹת游ʣ˵һʱһУҵľȫ̫ӡ
Ǿͺáʹ˵ͷʩǣʼͳ⣬ת˻
̫Ҫûõ۹ȨҶڵ߳˵
±˽ͨ˵۹Ӻʼ˵һǺݶȴòȨһ֮λδᣬޱȴֻ̫׸
м£Ҫ˵Ҷ˵֮ǰܻ̫ӵľ˾µĲ̫Ϊ
ʵѻɵģֻǿ֤ݡʼ¶ɱ⡣
ȻΪ֤ɿٿһŴ¡Ҷ˵²ʵֻҪ˿ʼ̫Ӳɣʹλҡ
ؼ֮£ǵ̫ӶԿʼ˵̫ʵǿΪ߽۷ǿߣл֣±ཫ㣬ͬʱѣ򡭡
ҪбȨǸû᣿ҶһЦ
ʼоһ


353 Ӳ
֮УƽʮŮϱ任Ŷˣ֮ͬ磬ͬ꣬˿˿ģεν⡣
ڣһλλԹڵУ͸裬Ʒȣһʢ̫ƽ
֮󣬸Ъ˲ɻƶޡ
λյЩ輧Σףһλۼļ΢Цʡ
븡Ūôɫɣ輼ֺõŮӣϯ䣬һλͬۼļ˴Цʡ
һϯ֮ϣȴ۵ļߣʮ֮ࡣЩˣǼ˵۹֮һߡ
˵أǼ˵۹еһСΪ븡ˣ븡֮ơ
ʱ΢΢һЦ˵ȻҶѪġЩŮӣСʱѡӣ輼ڼ䲻̭ɳ֮ʣЩȫǾȻУ͡
븡ġһλҡͷЦǿɵȲʱ䡣
ֹǱ׼ļɫ֪ƹЦҪʮʱŵôһ輧ȻȲáּɫҪϴˣһҲȲõġ
ɶЦ
븡ǰ²輧İɣϯһλɫȻʡ
һͷϻұ㲻˵ˡ̫ӵ·ҪǸȫգô
Ǳµּ⡣һλ߾
µּⲻ̫ӵּ⣿һλߺһزѾãڼ䳯类̫Ӱѳ֣ʥּ˭Ǿǡ̫ˡ
Σε۹ҪǸľȨˡһλü˵λǽȨĵλɾͬˡ
ȴΥʥּһλ˵ǿʱ˵λҲҪˡ
ǶȨ̫ΣһλߺһѵǶɱˣ
λƻܣһ֣Ůʿʱ֪س˳ȥ͵һɢУȴʹκϢ޷Ҳ׽롣
ʹˣѹʮŹʵΣȴһ֮ͬǱʼ£ŵ֮ǵͨе۹ǲŵõ˾޴棬˵ȴһˡ
⻰в߻ͷ
Ҳ֪۹ʮĹУǷһ˴ڡ˵УҲͬԿ̫
븡˼ǡһλ߿ŴƣȻѾ˼ȴⲻ˵ҪԼ˵
һЦʵ͸λ˵ɡǹͬԿ̫ǷԸ¹ͬˣ
⡭һʱ䣬˶ԥ
̫ӾδĻʵۡʱһλվȥǰĹ÷ʥ΢΢ü
˵ʼˣʼǧ˿ƵϵҲϵһһȺˡ÷ʥȴӹϵõһΪԭʼͻȻδζǼʼȴ飬ʹ˰ж
Ƽվ˳ɺһôʰδĻʵҪǵľȨǱһȺֿȭϵѡ񣿡
Ȼڻʵ۰š÷ʥ˵ʵǵ۹֮ʥ˭Υ
ͲʧȥһУʡ
̫ӣ̫ӽϵ£ĸ֮ˣ̫λң÷ʥһЦǣڴ˾ۻ۶Կ̫֮£ǷңҪ
⻰ǲʱλվЩߣƽʱʼϵΪһ㣬Щ϶˼侹Ȼվ÷ʥһߣȻ˼һ㡣
ǷңǾٱѹȴ´һ̫Ӹάǡ÷ʥЦλˡʱΪ飬´ƺʼһߣ̫Ӷǵλ䣬ʱֻҪǵƸȫ͸ǣ
ʱаλվ˳ߡ
ˣɫһ䣬еɢɱ⣬еȴԥȻǲ֪Ӧ̫ӻǰӡ
ƻˣʮ˿÷ʥȴͻȻЦ
ƽﶼ˵µĺôҪ¹ͬˣû뵽˽Ҫͷȴа˸޳С˳֣Ц֮ͻȻһߡ
ʲô˼һ
˸޳Сˣôǰ˸
ǵָվ
֮ǰ÷ʥλأ
֮䣬ȴԵ󻺲һˣĿӢܿ˵꣬ȴ洺ЦݡȻ˹֮ůתһ䣬ȴ˳溮
Ǽʼ
ڼʼȴѾ仯ΪҶ㡣ɫ಻ɢϢֻõԼȥֻһͨѣɫ
£ʼʱʩ
ʼЦͷ⣺Ҳض񡣡˵꣬תʮߣҡͷһ̾һ˵㰮֢Ǻޱ߰Ԩ֮УѰҩ
ɫ΢΢һ죬ȴ
һˣ̫ٳҪ㹱֮˭ʹüıʹȲ̫ӣֲʧ񣿡
ɫ΢䡣
ɹ˭Զ֮·ʹ뽨ó֮·ɹƶ
һ·һ·˵վǰλ˵˸飬ȴ÷ʥ
ǰ˵࣬һȴһҧ˵ǵССݣΪ£ģʵȨĿİˡҪң췴֮£Ȼٸ㣡
һ𿪿ڡ
ЩСˣҲΪһ֮ʱ÷ʥȴͻȻתǰ
תǰŭĿӡ
ȴǰԼˣһãȻ֪⳪һϷ
ϵԼȻʩݣضСֻͼһʱֻ֮ռıˣȴͬͬ¡÷ʥɭˣⲼǼƽʱֻȹؼʱǼװԣЩµСˣգȻǰˣ
˲ͬʱɫ
ҶһԾţȴɲӼʼ
Ȩ֮£ʼȴǰѾֲãֻһᣬʵᵽˣʵҲѾˣȴͿԿʼж
䱣ֺ΢ĻϵǼǿѡ
ħ֮ܿαȴ֪ʼԷ顪λĻӣȷʵ޳ư֮ģ֮һ̫ƽı
ʱǰɫ䣬ȴԼͬۼһɢȷҪֺһӳ졣
Ҷ㵭һЦǰȥ


354 Ȩ֮
ȷ޳Сˣƽ֮˼رȴʩ£ôһ֮Ҷ䣬ƱˣˣǾ޴ѹ̲ס
ʲôˣʲôʸָǣһλŭһֱһƴ˹ȥһʱΧĺҶ۳һֻ޴ǯҶ˹ȥ
ƣ·һǯ֧Ҳжϡ
Ҷ˿ͣһȭ˹ȥһէںУһ֮ӰԼɼڻ֮·ݶһ½Ǿײ÷飬漴ϣȻ졣
ߺһ˼ҡһһ󣬵ɴ۾סҶ㣬ȴȥȻҶһлɱ
Ҷһֹ򣬵ȴľѡǳĽ׵ߣʵָ£Ҳϵ֮࣬ʵȴסҶһУҶ֮ǿʵ˸е־塣
ܽһҪưĺʷ֮Уȴ˶ΪʹʷᣬҲֻų֮Ҷ˵ѵҪʱūۣɥʧȨһų𣿡
Ҷ㣬̲ס˼ⷬ
ʱȴûЩ֮ǰ߱һдѾǵģʱƴһĴ㣬ʱܵĴ㡣
Ȼ䣬ִһλߴһǺƴˣ˺һ˭סǣ
һ󷢺ݣԼͬشһʱݺἤ֮һ
ɱִߴһ͵رǰȥ֮ͬʱҶ㡣
ɲ֮䣬ִȴͻȻһȻԾһԣű͵ؽһΣȫһŻ֮Уʧ
ֹ⻹ˣǸʩչֶΣŵɱȥ
ȴʹҶƴԼȴû֮󼪵ֶΡ
СȺ͡ҶЦһȴɱԼˣ͵һץһɾ޴ĺת֮״ռ֮γһ½ʧִץ˻ڵ档
һ֣ȴ𣬻ɾֽܵץ˻һڵ档
ʱɫһ͵һȭǰʱһӭλƴߣһ½ͬǵɱһס֮䣬һɱ
ִ߷Ӧ죬ʱڵҶͷڴ˷ԶЧʼ£ٲκģ
ʼעŴˣǰͻȻһնʱ۳һ޽һ½ִߵͷնٷλնɱ
ǡ֮ϯ䣬ȴϳҶʹõɾ
֮˽ǿߣ߶ŴСһ֮ɫ
ʼˣ΢΢һЦλҵѣڰԨ֮еǿߣǰ
һλϹʵ֣ҶʱʹõľλʵòȻҲ˳־֡
Ͼ½ˣһȴ塣˵۹˵۹ͬȻ̫Ҫ֮ȨϾ˳ʥֱּӡҪ۹ˣˣ̫һ˿ţܾԼڷҡ
ʱԼһ½ˣֻи֮ģ֪ʼ½ˡᡱ̫Ӿ͸һ𹥻ʼ
Ҷžݲ˵۹֮¡
´󶨣ʼϻλ֮ʱü֪Լ˭ס
һ߲ҵæ׷׹ʩҶʺáҶͷ΢ЦǶ֪ͼͨߣܺáգڴˣҪ۵ľƷ̫ӵĴơǲʲôΪǲǷң࣬ƽѣ
һʱ⣬ӣۡ
ҶҲ˵ʲôֽѹͷųһŻ
ԶĶ̫ӵľ˾ˣ߾
ұҪԶϺһսҶ˵δȥʱȴһȴһﰲΣ룬ȫཫʿŭ½ܻ֮ȴʳһԼ˵
֮ǰҶ֪λ̰֮ͽ֪ԼҶУǿӲֻʱȴ࣬ſھ˵λʵ֮Եز̫µĶ֣ѰҵϹҩĸ¶źñزΰ
Ȼ£߲ɴŭİŭ
һʱ䣬ȺڣѹеĶ̫ӵĲʱȫ汬
֮ǰ̫ӾǷԻʵۣǴ治ǷңȻڼʼȴҲҹֱֳʱȴͬˣ̫ӾȻʵۣ̫ӱǷߣӼ鳼Ȼӵ֮
ʱ̫ӣ㲻Ƿң࣬Ϊ顣
Ϊֻ̫ǱҳԣȺѣû뵽Ȼնģ
ȻΪ˻λ߱ɱֱ޲磡
˵۹ôͳΣܣ
ڻҪǵľȨһǿԹȻңֱƷ£ܽȨ
Ҷʼһۣ˴кЦȴ˵ֱۣ֮󣬼ʼһ֣λʵǰȴǷңҪ游ʷǣΪ顣ˣֿѳԿһΪҼƶʼˡ
һ˵ҲͼǼǣֻҪ֪Ϊ̫ϢȻͻᶮԱ֮Ȩʱ̫ӱ¶ף»ĳЩ֡Ĳǳ֮ˮһӿʱǳֵʱˣ
ŴԣԾԾԡ
д֣ʦҶġ˽ס򣬱ɲ̫Ӿ
һλǿߣȻ޷ֱһսʤȴս˫Ȼа֣һλ˽ǿ߳ɱȥֱȡϽ׼֮˭쵼
Ǳ֮Уʵ൱ĽɫԷǿ߲ŲֱӻɱϽ
ȥʼ߲֯Ҳ޷̫ӶԿҶ㣬һб㶼ͬˡ
ˣκε֮Ʒ̫ӣ´󹦵ӼʼȻȡ֮յ۹ȨʱЩӵǴ֮Ԫϣλ֮ϡ
Ҷ㻷ȫǵ֪»ѾˣֻҪЩ߽ϢɢȥʮĹȻĴǣԸȨ˳Щ˻ᵳˣͬԿ̫ӡ
ʱǼ˵۹֮ʣ̫ӽ̫Ӷ֮еʣҲû
ʣ㻹ӵ
Ҷ̲סȻЦ
ɥɹֲңԼѡһ·
ȻʬǶʹõ㣬ҲûС硱ĸޡ硱ɣ


355 
Ρ룬ڻʳ롣ǱӦǼ˵۹ʵ۶õĵãȴǻۼߡ
һˣ˵һװ͸ݣȴڻʵ۱֮ϣбһˣЦ
ˣǼ˵۹̫ӣܽܡ
ڱ·һŴ֮ϣһһƿܽܣг˲£ȴܸŮʱɣ
ʣ㲻ôܽں˵򲻻֦ڣ͵һԹԽǵľȨҰɡ
ܾõ¶£̫뵱Ȼü
ҰµĿʥּܽߣӣǹȻΥʥ⣬һߣҲֻ·һʱֻƾһɣͿɱǵͷǵĹӵеһҵĹУ
ˣܾòסü
ﲻףܽһƿŮüʡ
˵˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷֻԼûʲô֦⡣
ˣˣܴܽЦֽŮػСʣʵɣȴ룬ұһλǿߣ½ĺѰҳġ˲õǼƹˣƾһƱʱ۹ľӣʱδƻʣѾĻʵۡƣ֮ǰȴδ뵽
˼ǡʲɶݣΰʦԶʵֻǵһ壿
ҲǴ˰ܽһ⣬Ǻѳ⡪ûаܣ˳޷ԵǵľȨ
ѹ֣΢΢ͷѹɾӳȥȻɴ˧ֻλϽӡ
Ϊ˶ĿȴԼľ˾ˡܽܺһ漴Ц⵹Ҳ˾ˣ֪̫ˡԶϺ֮УҲһ£
ʵɫȴ΢΢仯Ҳѵ⣿
Ȼǡ֣ܽܰ⡣
˾δ֮أü
кãܽҡͷ
֪ܣ˵˵۹֮вǼƹߣ½ҶǼ˾С
⡭ܽҲͻȻʶЩ޴ȴüƬ̺һЦˣҲáסҾ˾ˣ֪ҵܣΣ
üȴٶ˵ʲô
£ʱмܽܵĸʿУʩ񡣡Ѿ룬ֻˡ
ãܽվ±̨һЦʣú⼸ŮӰɣȥȥ
˵ţȥ
ıӰĿдһĨм
ʱڻʳд֮ڣѾаٶڵȺЩ˶Ӵļ˵۹һȨߣ߾ۼһĳҲ׳ۡ
УȻ˰˹ߡ
һ֮Ȩ⣬ӵоģƼʼټһЩȥõʥˣӵǿԹȴԿɴϡ
ڣһӶӴףݵ̫ȻǱĿɨȴڿһȺֵһСⲢΪЩӵгΪǿЩǿߺܿҪΪʵȨСպֻ̫ӱϢȴԼʿûʲô
ʱȴڵۣԳǿߵԼѹΧռ֮У⴫ᱻڵʿ
λδ㣿븡Ƶ߼λߡҪԹԽȨ𣿡
ȻΣ̾ϢȴҲҡͷ
нȨһֵ֮ü
һǱֻϵġ˵ǣʱȫҪ̫ɫ£ȴһСҲˡ
ҿ̫ҪһȫȨĵ۹÷ʥ˵ˣô̫ӵĿ⵱ֹһ磬˵Ǵĺ֮ġ
һֻҪսˡ˵ǡ
˵ٹãҲҪӣΪ̫ӵǰ䰡÷ʥ̾һ
⻰ʱ˶磬̫ǿȨ޷롣
¡ʱȴʼߣһ񡣡ܷȰȰ̫ӣ
Ȱԣֻáʼҡͷ
ܣֵߣ࣬δ֮ʣҲ㣬ʱҲóͷΪ˵ϼˡʱӼȴ̲ס
ֶλ֮УҲֻһ˵ϻˡλͬҲ˹
ȨᣬӵһЩʲôҲûˡʱܽս֮ʣ˵ҲսƴΪƷĵˣ㲻˻պвĵλ
ʼһλ֮ǲֵУ۶գһ¡
෴ЩԵλȾָܵˣȴֿܱá
һ÷ʥĻЩȴȶһüͷ·ĩվͽһ㣬ס˼ʼ
֮ƣֻŽһһ·ԽȨ֮¡ʼ˵
⡭ӼԥǸµּ⣬Υǿǡǡ
ȴ˵췴
ʵּ⣿ʼҡͷһЦʲԴ֮һָ̫ҵɣ丸ʺʱ¹ʲôּ⣿ȴͻȻּҪϺⲻɣ
װԥ˵Ǳ֪Լʱ޶࣬һ̣ۿչ
֮ʱ޴ģΣȴ׳׳־ʼҡͷЦ
㿴ңҿ㣬ȴ֪Ӧԡ˳żʼĻ˵ȴһʥּ˳Ļ˵ȴֵýȨ
ѡ䣬ΨгĬ
λʵصġҶʱͻȻڡΪ̫ҪȨԼ֮£޷ɣ
һ˵˲ע⵽ڼʼߵ
һʼϢԲۣҲֻΪǼʼĸѡʱȻǰ̸۴£˲ֻ֪µλ£ǼʼҪı󽫡
һʱ䣬˶
Ǻ⣿ʡ
Ϊҿ֤νʥּ̫ӵּ⡣Ҷ˵ν̫ӣνĵ۹δ֮ȴûʸƹˣ
⻰Ǵ治һλʱüʲôˣ˵Ļ
λǰˣǰʼ˽ܡǰһӰԨ֮Уֻҵ̫һжʹҵ۹Ϳ̿ʹλҡð⽫ǰҡ
һ㿴ңҿ㣬ԼµһЩʲô
֮ǰǸɼʼɢȥԣȻҵ棬ȴҲ̲ס˼Լƺֿܡ
ܣ£סΪҾ𣿡ʱܽܵλһ̫Եڴ󲽶дŵ㺮ɱ⣬һߡССɵס̫ӣʲôҷ鱾̫ӣǻòͷˣ
˵ţͻȻ̧һָһˮʱҶ㼲ȥ


356 ָ
һˮȣܴ͸ɽ壬ӭΧХ֮ȴΧһΪ֮ɫ䣬мæһԡ
Ҷȴȫ⣬ֻһ֣һ𣬲ӿ֮䣬ˮһ´ɢ
ֶΡܽﺮʢʲôӵĸˡҵҪжߣ
˵ţ㽫һӣ֮УȴһյƳСǵ֮Σ·ۣ޹⣬ȴһڰϵظ
̫ӵ£ټǰҪչǿ𣿡ʼĿһȼ֣ܽܳǰһһǰʡ
ȻǡܽܺһֳǵƣȴδӵƵ˴ᣬȴǾȨӵʽܣǰʹ˵ᾡ콫Ȩңܺáȴвûб̬ҲǱ̬ˣֱӽָӾӵĴӡұǣԻɳ׵Ľ죬ǹձӣ
ɰüȴ˸ҳ
ܽܣ˭ձӣҶʡ
СܽĿתҷſϲɱ㣬ȴҵң
˵ţͻȻ佫ǵһףǵƱʱź˲ҶͷһĺڰȻҶʼֹѽҶС
ʱҶоΧһƬڰҲûа㣬·Լһµδ֮ʱĻ֮Уɥʧһий١
ƺ
Ҷ㲻ɰеͷ̾
˵ϵ䲢ǿûй֮ʹɥʧйٵȴǱѰϼܽܵĹֻ±ʵǿҲҪһм䱻ɱ
ܽһʹ˵֮Ҷ㣬ʱǰʼһǰȴһƳƳԶһǰϴɭЦݣһҶݺݴȥ
ǻɱˣһһ޷㿪Ҷս֮֮ӢйȻһʱʧ飬ȴ֪ͨΧ仯ʱĳһƣȴܽܵƶһ
һʱ䣬ͬʱһУҶվԭزܽȴ˳ʮಽЩˤڵء
Ȼ̧ͷҶ㣬ɱʢ
ڴʱҶȴѾħ֮͵չһ±㽫ͷϵĵħ֮У漴ħҶڻջڣ˿¶ۼ
㣡ܽеɱ⣬һ±˾ŭ㾹ȻҵԨƣ
ԨҺΣҶעżܽܣɫ䣬Ȼ
Χһ߼ˣȴɾΪ֮ݡ֮ǰʼһһǰ˵ж죬׻ƼܽܵĹһм˼ܽܵǿסǰֵķ
ܴܽŭǰһɱ
Ҷȴ΢Ц֮䣬ѽħеԨֱԭҰħ֮У䣬ħ׺£ԨУǵƵʱŤ
ս͵ķȴû㹻ֿħ׺ټҶУʥ֮ȴ޷ֿȴͬһսʿ뾡һа취ֿȻһһĺĻ֣֮赲סħס
Ҷг棬ⷨȤҲֻħħ֮С
ҶԼܽܣȻЦ˵̫Ȼһɣ
˵ţͻȻһ֣ǸʱߣһŻ¶汻ѹŵ
Ƿ˵һ飬˶壡Ҷ˵
˵˵ܽܣʱ˸£ȴԥſھ˵µĲʵ̫Ϲҩ¶̫Ҫõλʵ̲ĺưԺ־򡣡
ʲôһʱ䣬ýԾ
㣡ܽﷺʢŭ֮⣬ǼƣǺ޲ʱǰ˺
Ķŭһһ̧֣һγҪ
¾ңŵôһҶȴһ֣ŻٿȻرգСʱܽнҲ˹ȴ硣粢ֵֻǱʵص֮ˣǽ͸Լڴϡ
Ȼ׵صżָ֤ܽܵȴҶޱĹԭҰ֮Сָ֤̫ӣԼҪĹ˺ѣʱһɵӣȴ˸¡
ˣҲֻΪʹ˼ܽܡ
λ˰ɣҶ㻷ˣܽΪ̫ӣõ¡ˣȴ˼رʶʹֶζ£˼ֱ޲磡
ƵһڰǻôܳΪ̫֮ӣӶ񳼣˵ö֮
ȻҪǵľȨȻҲǼð֮⣬αʥּ÷ʥУĿȻҪֹ֪ºΪ±𣡡
˵ҪþȨʱͺ£һ죡һλʼһߴС
ܽܣôͣʱһһͬʡ
ЩܽܵɫüΪѿʢŭ֮ȼգӿƺҪ֡
ʱҶȴԼоһ΢˼ܽܵĸܽܵɫʱһ䣬漴ȴͣȻ۵ŭ⣬ȴЦݡ
ЩˣҪŴ˺˵˵ָܽҶ˵סҾ˸ȻҪþֶα˼ң˵˵ĻĿȴݺҡҾ˸֣Ȼֻ֮ҵ
ܣͻȻҾ˸֮ǰܻζԶϺĴ֮󣬱Ϻ֣֮ȴôֻᵽУ
۾һɣָҶһ㾿ʲôˣǷ˵۹ļϸҪҼ˵۹һŷңǺôе
⻰һڣߵɫȴһ䡣ǿҶ㣬ȴ⿪ʼɻ󣬲ΪУ˵һУҲŰɡ
ǰԨ֮ӵǰˡʼ˵̫ӲҪſڿӣסǰܣǱ׽ͻɸ֮ԲŽ£ձʳʵ顣ֻҵԽʹ㲻ܽߣŰǰҿܡ
˵ţ΢΢һЦ̫ӣ˵۹֮ľ֣ʹʲôֻҪɱҵ۹ҳһţ
ԣע⵽Ҷ㷽Խģȴ֮һɫ΢䣬ҶĿø
˽ǿߣĴڣȻмʲôıԸһȺСɫӹɵ¡
˵ſڿӣǺγſڿӣܽ˵ǳ˽Ҿ˸Υĳһ⣬ɻ֤ݣ
ҶʼͷЦǸû֤ݣֻѪˣ


357 ֮
ʼżܽܣüͷ΢΢ӡеļܽܲǵˣʱӡеļܽӦǲȻŭȻ׺ݳ֡
ʱôˣ
ҶȴһֱܸоһɼΪ΢ڲϵжܽܵڡ
֮ǰҲʼϸܽܵԸ֪ʱܽܵıִƽĥ΢˼ǷΪʹܽı䡣
ʲôʲô˴ܽܣ
ȾѾ꣬䣬һҪͨ㡣ʼ˼һתʱ˵һи˿ټһ档̫ӣΪβǼʣǷ񸸻Ѿжĵ˿¸֮ǣ
ʱӦ̫ӣ˱£Ȼûֱ֤ݣ˾ܲƽԼ޷粻ˣûŪ֮ǰˡǲǲ֪ٵʥּȨ㣡
÷ʥŵͷ
ʼһߣŴСУ߼ǸᣬҲų˵Ū֮ǰύȨ
ЦǸΥʥּұʱɱǣܽߣĿɨˣ˱첻ٳ
ڴˣֻ³ѲסҶЦһӿ֮䣬ȴֱЩʱоѹһʱ׳
΢˹ܽɫһ䣬һЦǺôӣǺڵһգã빬ȥʣһȥŸŭµĽּɣ
˵ţһ֣󲽶ȥ
㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ֪롣
λҶתˣλԼܽܵ˽⣬֣һ̲ŸλȻȥ
Ȼᡣ÷ʥŽӻȴҲ׷׵ͷ
ˣ˵йʼ˵Ҳֻ̣Ϊ˸ǿҵıλһԡ֮ƣȴǱһͬԿ̫ӣֻ̫գɱҸ֮󣬱ҪֱӶˡ
Ը߸Ž
λվ˳ǴȵӸУú£ͬƶƻΣ
ãʼһͷһҲûʲô⣬ͷͬ⣬ʣµȻռ˴ʱҲûٺõİ취֪ʼҪ£ˣԼûбѡҲֻͬ⡣
̲סҶ㣬ֻĸߣֻ֧֣¼ʼϻλǳ£Լȴ泱СҶǿΪ飬ȴҲһݰȫС
ƺƵ˻ʹȴŻʳΧʼĻӳǶȥ
ҶӶУȴ˼ص΢ʱȴͻȻٴξȻֱ΢΢һ֮ʣʱ׼ȴɫй֮ӦΧ仯
Ȼ޷赲ֱӽڣԭҰ֮УҶе֮ʣȴԭҰ֮۳һ¦ǡ
ƽԪٴС縡Ӱһ¦ǣԭҰ΢΢Цҡͷֻҽ֮ѣ˲ˣֻǸõӰӰˡ
û뵽ܱܽȴлҶһ·һ߷ֳһԭҰֱ¦ǵӰӡ
¦ǿҶ㣬ͷ̾Ȼʹ÷Ķ֮ȴ㴿죬
ˣҶĳƨİɣҶ䡣
ͬ½ˣͬǷڤ֮У˴֮Ĺϵ˽Űɣ¦Ц
ҵɱˣǷڤˡҶ˵Ĺϵԭʮֽš
ӰӴղ˵ס¦ҡͷҶ㣬㣬ɸӰң
кβңҶһЦ
¡ʵ֮УҶڼʼߵȴѰ˼ʼ֧ߵټȥ̽һʱ뿪ԼСġ
ҲСġʼ˵˶ڣȴصʲô
ġҶһͷ˲ʹ޶ݷʧ
һ¦ǵӰӣҶԭҰ֮ɢϢȴָҶ֮ת۶У֮һƬžĺ֮Сﺣˮտ߳㣬Ȼ֮£ǽӽĵط
ϣҶƿȴһССĵ죬¦ǵӰָ£ŵ϶ȥߵһƬɳ̲֮ϡ
ɫɳ̲ϣ־ֶǰһ֮࣬ޱ䡣
ˡҶ㣬ͷøΪǿˣǲò
㲻ҲһҶ־ȴϢо޴仯Լȴ͸ǳΡ
¦Ǻڣʡ
ʱԭҰһ˿ӰȴѾ֧ţһɢˡӰɢ󣬲Ϣ·һѾȫľ㳹ʧ
Ҷȷ䲻ԼκӰҲٶһӰ֮¡
ү־˵˵ʲôֻҪĻȴ󷽱㡣
ȻҪңӦվǰҶԻɳһ߹Ҷ˵
߹־ĿøΪ䣬ȴûз
ƽԪƺûзȵ˰ɣһЦ֮䣬һӰ־ߣ־֮Уڿлȴ¦ǡ
Ҷ㿴ͻȻЦһֱ룬ûеõʥźôƭеӢ飬أȴˣԭүԼԼת˰Ӣ顣ˣеӢֻ¼ͬ飬ȴδ㵱ɶȡõĵˡ
Ǹˡ¦ǻͷ
֮жʹҶ֮Ϊ˽⣬ȴҲ²취Ҷ˵ֻһ˴ãղܷȫΪܻȥǵӢ飬ȴҪ˰ԣ־Ż粽롣үҪСģ־𲢲ǿи֮ˡ
ʲôˣү־˵
ֻδءҶһЦ־𣬻а취زһմáһܿƴ֮ʱ֪̫ܵڡ
һʹƣƽԪȴҲ̫ˡ¦Ц˵Ƕ½ˣֶǷڤǰͲҪڶһĶǰɣ
Ҳ˵Ƿڤˣҵɱˣֻ֮вĳޡҶ˵ͬҲãҲգҶĳֻͬΪ飬С˼ͽʲôˣֻһɱ֣
ƽԪĸ̫Сˡ¦ǿҶ㣬΢΢һ̾ǾǿԵµĴŻ̸ɲҪʧ
Ҷ㣬֮⣬罫ɱ־˵үţҪ̸ʶô
ͬΪı֮ȴûʲô˵ġҶݶҪ֣㶯ְɣ


358 ƽɫ
ˣΪֻǶ֣¦ҡͷˡ
Ҷ㣬ƽͣ·ѽ̸֪һΪˣΪ֣Ȩ縡ơʵֺγˣΪ̰ȨˣֻȨܰһñѡҪģʵһǷʥһᡣ
Ŀͬͬ𣿡Ҷ˵·ǧѡݺ˳ɾԼ׵һѡɾԼͬʱҲɾ˵һ֮·ྶͥȴߵһ𡣡
¦ǿҶ㣬ͻȻӿһǿ˸оǺ
Ϣ֮£Ҷȴɽ˿ûа㶯ҡ
ү붯ˡҶͷǵ⡣
֮񣬲ججȹһ繷һĶұǿߺοΪǶհǰ˺󣿡¦һı䣬ƺԶҶ㻳ϣ
˭һ㳬ףҶҡͷԷֻ֮߳Լ˾㿪ʼΪԼһ֮˽ҪӺ߱ɱĸֵк𣿡
ڵңȴʲôĸֵܡ¦ǵΪ䡣ֻ֪˲Ϊ𣡡
ҶЦ˲Ϊ֮ΪǡΪ֮ΪΪУݡֻǧ˽֮ˣȴ֮ģΪһ֮˽Ťʥ֮ԣ޳
ͬȴԭ޷Ϊı¦ҡͷֻ̾ԣ಻
ƽƺһλѾһеĸˣҪ԰ɽ֣ٲ¡
УҶȴоһ־޴Σգ·罫Ҫ·ؽҪ֪¦Ҫˡ
һ˲ΧĿռҶһڡ硱ڶׯµĴãͻȻײؿռҶǰ־¦ʱС
Ҷ㣬Լ־Ц֮ʣһ֮ԴٿȻһ֣ʱӭͳ˳ɵľ֮ķҡҷȺ̵ˮҲŶ
֮ڣ·Ҫ֮ȫҴڼǰĵˡХţţצڿ˺ſռγɵѺۣް趯ȥһƬƬĻӰۻҡ
һ֮֮ҶгνӴ֮ʱȴǿ˲٣
ֱǣο֮ǰ裿Ҷ㵭һЦ¦ǣΪ˴ãݺ£
ħݺἤ͵һ·ɳڣΧħ룬סһ磬һͷſ
磬а𣿡ޱɱеʡ
ްաҶʵʵ˵̫ħɣδɣ֮δΪһ塣ߣ¦ȴδմãȴһĿܡһԣħ̶ֳȣ
һǸԼ˵İֱӰ飬һҶƽǿУ
ģħĽǵͬʱ
ħдþãܸܵħǵĺôʹҪ뿪ȴҲ᲻뿪ˡȻѾﰲôȻҪȫΪά
ʱ֮ڿѾڹˣһ֮ľצ֮ϱŤһţţγɲͬ״ʱΪͻʱΪӥʱΪǹͷһűŵ磬һâͻȻ̧צһ˳ȥ
һ˲ݻȴһǺ֮Узޣսǹֻһħ
һϢУһȻ͸ħطȥֱϮҶ㡣
Ӣ֮ȻҶһͷֻǵȴ޷赲Ϊҵ֮֮ұʶ
ɷħеӢ֮ԿȴƫƫϮԼԭҰ˲䣬ԭҰ֮лһֻصľ·һſڣܽԭҰ̳¶һ㡣
Ŀ䣬ɨҶԭҰ͵һſڣһ˲䴫ķҶֻûɵһɥ֮⣬ȴսֻڱ֮г˯ȥ
ƣһʱԭҰһȼ䣬ȴָħɢޱ߹âǱɢ
漴ħ֮оתҶָ֮£һУǾСʱӱŤ˽ȥȴֿڲҽһȫħ֮ɡ
׺֮Уʱ١
֮Уһֻɲǣʵ֮УһĺȴѾħ˹
ƣҶһȣ̧һ֮䣬ʥħħӵеʮһ𻯳ͬĺǺײһʱؼ仯׳۵Ĺ⡢֮𣬻ɢ
ֶΡУӢ黯¦λ֮Ʈţ̲ס΢΢ͷû뵽ôʱڣȻô࣬ҶȻǸ˵𣬳֣
־ɫ粻žɽս˷ڤ͵صһӡ֮Уһɹ֮͵ؽһ𣬷һħֱײ˹ȥ
ĿǰΪֹܷǿ˰ɣҶ۾һҿҵħ֮ǿɣ
ּ̧䣬ħ֮ϵĹâʱ⴦۹Ѹٵڿоۼһ𣬻һ޴ħҶĿǰסǹ֮ͻȻǰһơ
ħڣ
ʱһȻһֱǰħһȱڣǹ˳ȥͬһҫ۵Ĺ⣬ֱǹ֮
֮Уʱһ죬ΧĿռ𵴲ݣҲŲ·˻ڣȴǱײನѹţʹˮ󺣵ķӿ˹ȥСɳ̲Ȼ
Щɫɳӣ඼¶µҲ㡣
âڿлƶţ뽫Էѹȥһٺɱֶ԰쵽Уıը֮𣬷·ŴڲϷ䣬ַ·Ǳ
֮УΪ֮ɫ
֮ѹȴڻײУγһ޴Ĺ򣬻ںһڽ֮ͬʱԳһĺ죡
ʱˮĽһƬɳ̲
𣬴ķȴȻ֮ɣħ֮Ľ
ˮȣǱϫӿ𣬶ǹ֮𺳶
Ҷ㣬㾹Ȼɳֵز¦ü𣬴ʱ֮ȴ档ǰҪǵĿѾﵽˡ
˵䣬΢΢һЦ
ǣ־һͷڤһӡ
ñͻȻƿһռ䣬ʧ


359 Ŀħ
Ҷ㲢ûڴʧĵһʱ׷룬ǲܡ
һ֮󣬴òδκӰ죬ħȴϢػķ鶼ƴ߶󣬲ʹԵȶҶ㣬Ƿȫʹħȹ̡
ȫһʹħȴ·һʿ˳ԼΧ󣬼ҴϢһʱ䲻ָܻһ㡣
ȫҶ飬ޱһʹħȶ⿴·һûܳӰ졣
֮ħлָҶȾһ
ú̲ס̾治µһķ
磬Ҫ׷𣿡ޱ޵ǵʡ
׷Ҷ΢΢üȹħ֮ʣȴͻȻ뵽һֿܡҲ¦Ǵ˾Ŀֻǽ
˼ǣĿǼʼޱԽһתʱйؼ
̻ȥҶһ֣ħʱƿ޿ռ䣬˵۹Χ֮Ƕȥ
ú˳⣬ȴֻһƬǽ壬ȴдսĺۼҶ㲻üħ磬ԼҲ仯ˡģ˹ȥ
ӭ棬ƺ÷ʥ˹εسҶһ֣ҵܣ
ô£Ҷʡ
̫ͻȻ˵Ҫ顣˵Ҫ̸ֵܼ£Ҳ֡Ҳʾǲظû뵽̫ӾȻڿռ䷨аظ֣ͻȻ䷢ѣ°ߡҵȫ
վ̫ӡ÷ʥ˵ȻǼµϵȫֿȴȫ֡ˣȴǱ°ˡ
ˡҶһͷ̧ʾ˲˵һ֮䣬սɢӦźÿһ̺ϢƬ̼㲶׽˼ʼϢܽܵϢҲԼ䣬ϸֱӦ
ʱףȴǼʼ°֮ʣɢϢָ·;
˼ϸ֮˹£ǷҶ㰵롣漴һЦֻ˼ϸȴûϵܻܽǰʹļ޷׷ȥܻܽʹʲôֶΣ
ǲصġһ֣ȥȵ£
æ׹̧֣ͷҶѾһԶݶȥת۾ͲӰ
һ·׷ѰżʼϢҶת۱ں߳ʮԶʼϢȴ΢òٶȣϸӦ
ʱħ֮ȴһ죬ȴħħڽԨȫ黯΢
⡣Ҷ㲻ҡͷһ̾
Ԩƣݼʼ˵ȴǼ˵۹һȻûйɱ֮ܣȴ˵ĸй٣ǿҶߣڼܽܵʱԼʹ˵ʱһʱҲɥʧ˸й٣ڰ֮Сʱ൱ʱֻ֣Ҷ㵱Ҫɱ
˵ƣȴһ˲õıԲܳΪ˵۹֮ر
Լʱˣڽ½ĳӡ顣
Ѿ˽΢۳εľ飬ҲһȴȽЩ΢ħ֮С
ı⣬ǽ˷֮ʱħǿĸй֮ʹԼظӦʼϢû뵽΢һħ֮Уȴʱħħҵض
⡭
΢΢һ漴ȴ֮ǰħʱ龰ҡͷһЦħֹħֻ֪ͬܰйֺ֮ʹʲôħѣ
λħУһλһװۣذƮͷн籲˫üжһۣ˸һħ⡣
ħ弫ĿħͽҼĿħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ħ
һħ԰ףһͷɫ̷֮У¶ֻɫһƮſڶħħߡͽħħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
ħãͻȻҶ㣬ֱû壬ԭҰԭҰȫںϣҶ϶ΪһҶʱӦһƺԶŵļ䣬ʹԼλħʹ÷
ãĿһ΢΢ͷû뵽ȻջһĿħһħߣȴǧۣ˳һ㡣ܽܽʼصٺãҲң
磬⡭ޱϲƣֻС̫ˣ
֪Ҷ㲿ֵϸʱûپȣֻҡͷ̾Ҷ㣬дû뵽֮ǰշⷨȻҪ֮ʱʹٻĽۺ찡
Ҷ㵭ȻЦͻȻһӣĿħħһ֣ͬħ˲ֳħħ֮뵽ħ֮Уʹħֱǧۣ֮˳֮
˲䣬Դķħ֮Уһⷴ󺣲֮Ӱķľħ֮Сħ룬ʱһӰΣ·ﱻƵħһ㡣
Ҷٹ۲죬Ƭ̼㷢˰һټȴѾȽʳǡһ֮в޼ʼҶȴԼ˶һλϣ֮ʲô˱ǷʱҪơ
֧顣ҶһָǴ䣬ħֱƿ޿ռȥ֮׷Ƕ飬Ҷħ֮⣬һ޿ռ䣬ڶǰ
עŶˣʼ½ǲ
˽һ漴ųһսΡЯŷΪһʲôˣ˵ʲô˻ʳǽͳӢ赲ÿ
ʼ²㴦ЩңҶЦֻҪֽ˰ɣ
£Ӣһ߽ǿһʱ䶼ɢǿϢɱкâľ
߰˽ǳҵ治㡣ҶһЦϧ̶ֳȵĶ黹費Ҿˡ˵һ䡪£㲻ǱҶ֣ȴֻܳ顣˵˼
Ҳ˵һ飬˻ʳǽͳ죬ңӢ֪ηһ
ҲоҶ㲢һɫȴҲԸֱӶֻ֣߶Է߶Է¡Ϊ֮ǰһս֮УҲֻԵض֣̫ͳ죬ȴԸ治һƴ
Ը߿ģ㵲ǰҶŶԷ˹ȥһɾ޴ѹԷУ׵޲оԼɥʧս֮⣬ӷȴҶ㻹δ֣Ǳ򺣵׳ȥ
Ƭ֮䣬ȻжʮӷжԼ򺣵ס
ʳǽ񣡡Ӣ־ŭһȴһ֡
ȴǲò֣ΪȥߵȫҪҶѹŵɥʧ


360 ʥź
һĺӿ𣬴ſֲľ޴Ҷֶγ飬ȴǱ仯һֻ·һûһСľ޴ˮſڣҪҶС
Ҷ㲢ûö۾Ҳˮһ£ֻǶסӢ
˵һ顪£Ի뿪ƽƽ֮Уĵ
ǰӢĺȴֻǽޡ
ֹ𣬻̫ӽµ̫ҪԼӼʼʳǣѹԨ֮Уá
Ϊ̫Ӱ£úˣлΪ̫ĸɽòãǱûаǰ;
Ϊǰ;ҲҪƴˣ
˲䣬ˮһ½ҶУײ֮£·Ҷҧ
ɣӢһ˫ƻצͬʱȫ֮£ˮȫеУҪҶҧ÷顣
ѾʧȥĻᡣһ𣬽ţˮͷ飬ԭ˺ˮӿķˮ֮УҶӰ̧һץ
磬ԲͬķλɣͬĹ켣Ӣȴ·Ǻָ£γǿƣҪץСֶˣǱӣȴտ첻硣
С϶ΪһУǿи壬һҽУȫԡѪ
һ֮ԼǿߵȫжԿл䡣
˲䣬еˣǾ޴ССռ֮Եֵʱͱѹ⡢飬еһͬ
ȫ֮ǰ֮ȴӢһ˹׳磬ҶС
һֻצӣֺצֺȴִ룬£ţγһССεӡֺצ̺ž޴ѹצһССĿռ䣬ҶĿһ͸˿ռ߽棬ּʼУס
Щצһ㣬Ҫ֮Ҫ˵ʹѹѹƣֻţһͻᱻˡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ֮צУȴӲؽеļʼ˳֮Ķ֣˲𿪣ֺצ֮С
ʼһѣʱҡͷһ̾Ҷһ֡л֮
¹ҡҶҡͷ˼ϸȴ˵˵ɽ֮ơʱعδɴ
ʱӢЩȴɵۡӢλͳ죬ȻƬ֮ͱҶɱͷҲʣһ㣬ȴ޷ͬʱʧȥ쵼ߣҲ֪һӦЩʲôһʱ䲻֪Ӻãսá
šʼתǣһ࣬з֮⡣ΪʳǽֻӦһǱҵĸʣҪ֪Ϊһӣδκι֮£̫ҲȨùѺңǲôȻҶ֣֪ʲô𣿡
һڽɫ䡣
̫ߵĻǵҲ£һ̫ӵš̫Ѿ뿪ͳҲѾȴû˵ơʼĻ޷֮־塣
¡һλٹǰһ񣬡ҲǷ̫֮£֮¡̫ǷǼٴʥּҪҵҵȹٽ׵΢ö֪ˣҲֻӢ̫Ӻıȴ޹ء
áʼһͷ¼ֻ̣ǽ̫ӾһȴҪСԴ̫ʹϹ涾ҸʣѾ֤֣Ҫ̫Ҫ״ڣ
ǣ޲Ź¡
̫׽㣬ѺأȴҴҶȥǺεҶ뵽㣬ɵʡ
Ԩҹ̫һ֮ҹȥҲʹùӰ죬йҲڳˡʼ˵Ȼצ֮УȴһЩ춯ܽΪ˴֦Ҷȴδ͵
˵˴һۣһ֣ȥɣûʳǣҸʣȻô󹦴ͣ
ǣǵŽʲô󹦴ͣǰһ·ԡλˣȴ˶оҴߡ
̫ӱ֮˵Ѿҵʥźȷڡʼȥ󣬲Ҷ˵
ʥźҶĿһ
⡰ʥź֮أзãм仯¶ˣͷȴƺֻǰ壬û뵽ȻִϢ֪廹¡
¦֮вȥܹܽһ´ȷ£ǲ׽Ӱ̸֮
ʥźʼͷ̫ӶԴ¼ӣȴò׽ֵҲˣֱ뿪ˡ
µпġҶ˵٣ҲӦȥ̽һ̽Ȼʥźڣ˵ȥȴҪ
ںδ뿪Ҷʡ
һʱ·ߡʼһ֣һʱӶҶУ˲·ȥ֮󣬼ʼͣһָһѾɢҵĺ֮·뿪֮ʱγɵġ
иͷð졣ҶһͷĿħħλħһ𷢶ʹңԶԶңԶٷֱ溣֮ǿϢ͸ȴҵһǿ߹·
˲䣬һʼħ֮У˳һеͨ·ɶݶȥ
֮ȴѾǧ֮һǺ֮УɽһĺףȴһҪҪֻݼǧפӣʱȴޱ޽һƬž
һɹǿϢȴ̺Уκǿ鲻ҿ
˼ҶԶԶͣħ⣬Ŀħ֮֮£ȴʹ͸Ҫ֮һ֮ڵ龰
Ǵ֮Уλǿߣȴһһ壬½ϵǿ˸֣
һʥʴģģȴ޹̵Ĵʵ۷λ֣ʣµλסּ֡
̬ɫ󣬿ȥֻʮ꣬ʵѹٵģǷڤɵһˡ˾ͽɣ
⻹ˣһһڤ磬ȴ¦¦Ĳг¦⹦ߣ¦룻һһԭ˴磬ȴԪӦϸϸ켫
⻹ˣһʥϢйâ䡣òᣬȴŷұ곤ȴһϢˡЩƣŷұʦةĲ£˫
û뵽Щ˾Ȼȫۼ֮Уʥźڴ˴֮²١
ҶĹ۲Щˣа룬ͬʱħ֮ǵĶԻ
ͬʱħ֮Ҳһľ˷·侳һ㡣
üܽǴ˲ڣȴϸһ½ļƻɡ˾ͽɻˣ
ʲôƻϸ켫ЦֻȽ躣֮ҵʥź֮ʥĹǱʥźˣʲô̫ӣȻ߽֮ǿ߽ǿҲв١ǲ֮ˡ
һ˵һ߿Ÿʵ۷˾ͽɺ˫ˡ


361 
ɴ⡣ʵ۷е΢Цҡͷ˽ˣЦݣὫһɱһֻϵеɮһλȱΪߡ
ȷ˫ű̬Ȼֵܽܲһᣬһλڡ
кο£ϸ켫һһʧȥԼ԰İʲô
λĸûҶϹ˾ͽɴʱͻȻЦЦˡ
˵ɫһ
Ҷ᲻δ֪¦ʱ˿ڣǻֶڣλȴӦúĥĥѾ˴ãǱѰ˵ĴСҲΪʥźʲôʬ塣ǼƣҵȻҲҵһֱδټɣȴҪСǡ
ȴɵͷ
Ǹζƣϸ켫ʡ
ȫܽܽʥĹŷұʱͻȻڣڼʥź֮ǰκ˶ֳܱġʥźĳ֣Ҳ֮ǰԼ֮ܽܽõУȫ뿪ֱ¦ǺҶ֡
֮أϸ켫ʵЩɵˡ
֮ɽۻ˫һЦܾ֮ʱҷ߽ǿͬʱ֣ɱˣǵķ
Ҷ㲻أϸ켫ʡ
𣿡ŷұЦˣӵϲԾˣżˣ󷲴֮£֪ҲصԵ֮£ʬ壬һûӰһβ
ǹŹֵúܡ˾ͽҲɵͷ¦ҪҪǻҪ׼һҶ治ֻ¦һᣬǵμƽϣ
棬Ǳϼܽһͬɱŷұ˵ܽȨ˶Ҳܰ¦Ƕ
ʱ棬֮ڱջܽأϸ켫ʡ
ʵô˫Сֹϸ켫ȻԼȴҷ
ܵʱֱӳ档ŷұЦ棬ǱȻֱӻɱܽܣʥź롪һλ߽׸֣ɱܽһ˻ɲǼ£ʱʥźУ¦ٳֿɾˡ
ԭˡϸ켫ɫһ졣
¦ʱһԥĿŷұڣʥź֮¾мٰɣ֮ǰγʥźڸصıϲȴȫǼٵģһΡ
ġŷұһЦһΣȴһȷɣ˴ȷʥ֮ء
ôǰʵ۷ЦʡǧǰǰԳֻ֣ҲòЩС˰ɣ
֮ȴԻָ˫ˣֻʦͽ˼䡣ʵõʥź֮Ϊָܻ˼䡣
λġŷұ˵Ѿ˼䣬һʸҲһ㼯ϱڣɨķֻǿ֮Уռһϯ֮ذˡ
΢Ц涼ǵͷӦһԸǧǰǰּԼȦӵģ뵽Σȴ˶֪
Ҷ㿴һˣҡͷһЦ
Щ˸̥Ʊءޱ̲ס˵
ʼͷܽЩΪ飬ȴıƤһ㡣çײǣǱдǻڰĻЩ˷˵Ȧ֮У֪ˡ
ùǡҶ˵ǼȻ׼Һ¦Ƕ֣Ǳ㲻Ҫʧɡֻȴɽۻȴʵ¦Ƕܾ֮ٳ־ˡ
˲պ̾ϢһЩʹڴ˴ı֮£ȴϲۣǵĳжڡҶ㣬ҪӮң
Ҷ㻺ͷ
ԶӶԷҶҲͲؽӽҪֻڸǱȴԷĶ֮ڵۣ˫ȴͻȻһü˵˾䣺ܽˡ
漴㳷ȥʹ䲻õ
ʱ˶տڲٶԣ˾ͽɺ͸ʵ۷һͬȥ˷ֻǾš
Ƭ֮󣬴֮Ŵ򿪣ܴܽ˽ˣǺһЦλǾõˡ
ΣŷұվЦʣ̫ѾȷϢʵ˰ɣ
ܽͷλϢȷʵ٣׵һԨ֮̽ȷʵǿλǺ壬ȴ׷֡
ˣǲŻ̫˫Ц˵һⰵԨڼ˵۹أǲ̫ͻѰʥź׼ȷλ֮£ȴҪ̫Ӻ㺣и֡Ϊû̫ͬ
ȻֹС֮ҡܽһ֣˵òԨ½ȴİޱȣ˵Ѱʲôرݶ׶¡
ǰԨգϸ켫̲סʡ
ȻܴܽЦϸûȥɣ
ûСϸ켫һЦ
λȴȥ˰ɣܽĿɨ˫˾ͽɺ͸ʵ۷
ȥʵ۷ͷֻﺣϢ˿ռ߽֮֮Ϥһпռ仯Һȴ޿κΡǿн뵹Ҳԣֻ»֮ʧ
ˣҪ̫ӡ˾ͽ˵
ֹǺңܴܽЦﰵԨȴ̺ͬĿռ磬·ֻ¸λʱҪʧڿռ֮УҲδ֪
λͬʱɫ漴ɫֻ΢Цͷǣ
ܽԽһ¼˭ļƣüͷ塣
̫ӣȻѾȷôǱɡ˫ڣǿʥźرԼδ֪İԨվҪġֻ̫֮ǰԼ
ǵȻܽܵͷǸŵˣ˵õʥź֮λƽܣǾһô졣ߣ
˵ţתȥ
һ˻࿴˿֮ת۳˴á
ܽεҪϿգͻȻһ֣ӿҪӦǧʿʱҪ˳ڼܽߡ
ǧ֮ڣƺƵںſƾˡ
̽ôཫʿϸ켫ҡͷ
ȻҪյأȻԽԽáܽ˵ȻѵһЩСҲҪ죿̽գҲҪǰ̽·İɣڽʿҡ֮У
˵ţִЦһĵ⣬һ̧֣гһֻԲε̣ȻĺͼȻǡһһռɢǧʿһڡ
λɣܸܽߺһ̧һץһʱӿγһŻƿ˽кŻرգʧںС
һԶݶȥ
ǸϣҶĿһħ壬˲Ҳɶݶȥ


362 ʥĹ֮ǰ
ܽ˷ٶУҶںβ档ƾս齣˫صҶʹħȫʵ֮У˭ҲԲ
һηɶݣֻ˲ʱһӹǧﺣһƬޱߺڰֵİԨش֮СĺҶ𣬱˴˲һγ˲ֻͬҪЩʱͱУҪֱ˺顣
ǿĺϸ켫Щɸ̾
֮УŷұʵóһǿΪ֮ȴĺȴ޾ɫȻС
ҶԶԶضȴ̲ס²⡣
ŷұֻةĲ£ֻ˫ĵӣ
оŷұϻиܡ
ʱȴҲĥŷұʱĿͶЩҵĺ֮УȴӦһ֮ͨصͨ·ս޻ӡָ֮⣬½дֱ졣
Ҫ⺣ػ֮أ˫ʵ۷˾ͽ߽׸֣ȴҲֻǿߡ
ֲ뺣ǿƽѵõıأԶ¼ƣüܽ¦භ֮ȴҪһɱ
ֻ򵥣
¦Ѿܹܽһȴ⡣
ǻʲô
ҪȡʥźֻҪ¦ܽϣһ׳ͨ·һʹôõƿһ谭ˣҪЩǿˡ
ܹܽԼ¦ǵĹϵӪԼǴ½ǿõʥźϢļȴ¦ΪƭЩǿˡ
¦Ǵʲô⣿
Ҷ̲ס˼
ˡָܽһƬҺ˵ѾȺסҪͨʹ˲ܽ롣λģǲܵСţֻܷ忪谭ǡ
˵ţһȵس˺˼æ֮ҵĺ֮С
Ҷȴżǽ֮󣬲Сĵħ磬Ǻ֮С
סкĶȴ֮иӦһ߽֮ϵǿߣǿ紺ݰӣκƣ̲ס뵽ʥź
Ҳȥʥµ֮ЩµĺΪʥ֮֮ŻӣҰݰ
ʥźڣ
ҶҲ̲סҪ϶һ㡣ͬʱǵ¦õʥźеõմõķ¼±Ķ֣ʱԼȡõһжǾˮ£Цˣȴ¦ǡ
óѣ
Ƭ̼䣬ǰȴѾͨǺеͨ·һƬƽˮˮ֮УһߴӰᵶȴʡ
ˣתͷɭһЦ
ʣ֮ǰȴƭǺÿࡣʵ۷΢Цŵͷ⣬㽫ƭ֮УǰһˣȴȥʥźձҶСӡʣǵʱڣҶ׵֣ðʬ壿
һֱߣⷢԵּҲŭĿӡ
ǱҲһǿߣɸǿɵĶУȴ˲۵ĸ࣬Ȼ廰
ǰ֣塣ߡʥźúõͣڴ˴֮ͬһ֮ǰԼ
µ񣬲ҪǰԴˡ˫һֻ֣ҪͬЭʥźõ֣ȻԼͬͶܵõ޴ĺôǸԴģһɢɳɲ¡
˵ĺá˾ͽɵͷ
ʾͬ
ʱҶҲѾĵǺͨ·һԶԶع۲ߡֻʱһƬޱߺ֮Уȴγһ磬ЩɫС״ԲͬһƮϵػɡ滻ۼһ޴Ʈ˹˲ȴʧһ磬ʵޱȡ
ʲôطޱ̲סȻôǴ˵еĻ֮е綼һ𣬻ޱȵһ㣿
Ԩ֮оȻĵطʼȴѾɵ뾰ɫ̲ס̾
û뵽ﾹȻӣʱϸ켫磬ɸ̾
ˣ֤ȷʵʥź֮˵粢ʹǷҲ棬֮ʹôİ˽۷ǿҲ첻ŽסʮףҲ첻
ֻǳԽ˳֮ʥǿߡܽ˫۷Ź⣬ֻ磬ڴ˴ǧꡢ꣡
ʥ֮˾ͽҲɸ̾ʮǿҲǷеߣһ̤ʥȴǷ츲أ֮䣡ǿǿãã
͸ڵ˷ܡ
˲ͬѾǰٶˣȻȻǿ󣬵ȴѾǷв֮УȴΪӽһҲˣŸõʥźҵܣؽֱӽʥ
пٶӳܸõǿߵ
ǻʲôһƬ磬˵λſǵ֮ҡ
ʣҵĵ̰ɣܽͻȻЦЦëȻ
ȴʧˡһĨɱ⣬漴ǺһЦҵ˼Ҽҵѡ˵۹̫ӣܽܵƾ˾ҵ磬ǽʥĹ
ȻܽһͷĿɨˡλٵˣѾļѣ콫ǵӳɣ
¿ԸӦʥĹڣ˫ʡ
ȻܽܵͷΪһ壬ҵĸסĸףҵļҡҵ壡ЩȻԳһ壬Ҳں֮УȻܸӦı仯ɣˣ
ã¦ȴ˫۷Ź⣬͵ؽ˫һͷų˹ӿ𣬴˼ܽܡ̫ӣǳȥɣ
Ȼܽɢ¦زһγһɸΪǿĻ֮
˱˴˶ӣҲڶͷ֮ݹȥһͬš黨һšһ
ҲֻšһѣȴǻںϡЩǿ߸ϣӶԷϵõôֲȫŶԷжֻǽ衱˳ȥĸ֮ԴȴԼ֮С
ˣҲСȫá춯ءݣ
ããܽɷһЦû뵽ǿ֮ϵһȻǿ󣡹ȴоԼƺˮֿһƬƬ
̫ӣ·ɣ˫ߴһ
·Ȼ·ܽͻȻһ䣬Цģȴ֮ͨеĻȪ·
Ȼ֮䣬һƬԵĺ֮Уһ޴ĵֱΰ׳ׯ£·칬֮һ֣ɢǿׯϢסڳˣ˶оԼС̲סҪϢͷ
ãԶҶĿһ
¦ڳˣܽ˾ֵĿģҲ
ǵʲô
ҶӴãа롣
ͬʱȴҲ¦ٴһս׼


363 
ã¦ǣ
˾ͽɵһȴѾˡɢѹ˶У˶оһ⽫ԼԼӵδⶼҫԼÿԶ֪ԼĶ
¦ǹȻˣħУȴƺҪ֣ܽһͬɱ֣
ôкĿأޱü˼
Ҷͼʼû˵üͷ΢壬סı仯Ҳͬʡ
Ȼ֮䣬ʮԴзֱ˺ݺ˹ȥаȴǺ϶Ϊһ˫һ˺ݺݻȥ
˫Ϊ߽۷ǿߣȴһȺǿĸ֣¦ȴʵϸһ֣ȴǱɱһɱ֮ģȻҡ
ͷλҪЭǣ˫˾˫۷ų⣬ɷ֪޿ɱܣȫӭȥü˲һֻۣһΧռ䶯ġȰϸŭߺݺ
ǿޱȣڳ˼˶ľźȣȴ̫ˡ
գ֮䣬ײһǴȰֵŭһȣֱһСݣֻ΢ֵ˼£ʱһľƣǾ˫ײȥ˫ȫǰ㲻ĸһ±ݺײС
һѪ˫ƴײ˹ײú˳ȥ
¦ǣⱰСˣ˫ƴסӣǰȴѪһѪ˿ںߣƮԶ߽ǿߵѪȴҲƣʼһߡ
ʹǿߣڴǰҲ޷֮
ȫɣܷܽЦ˲˸ʵ۷ּ̧䣬Ǻˮǹ̻
ػϹ޻ʵ˾ͽɱȥһʱ䣬һ߽׸Уһˣ˱Էס¦롢ϸ켫ŷұˣЩȫû˵ֻֿ֮ﾪ߶ܡ
ּȫĶ֣û㿪ȴȱֱҵ÷ǣ
ȫˣʵ۷ʴף¶֮࣬ŭ𡣡ܽ¦һҪȫɱ
ֶ¦УıοҪɱǣ
þ¦ǰ˲мԻмش
ҪشתۼͶҪαػشǵʣ
ƴˣƴˣȻ䣬˫з·ԵڤƮһֵĸдԨ֮ƮšǸ·ϸȴëȻҪһ亹
ǧ裬ϳΪ֮ҰոɣҷȱΪ뽵޺֮𣬵Ӿһħ֣
Уһͬըװ˳ëȻĸγԱȣڻ֮£γһɾ
ʦŷұһ㾹Ҫʹ𣿡
˫ûлشֻ͵ٷһŷұɫɴ䣬ȴͻȻ͵תʹݷɶݶȥ
ģȴңԶһոɵ磬ת֮䣬Ѿ֮Уˡ
ף˾ͽսƳһۣȴƺǷʲô۾һҲ˾ͽɣһϹ޻ʵȴҲǸȥ
С˼Цţ˼
˲䣬ҲûǸ֮Уʧ
Ǹ硭ҶҲע⵽Ǹ硣սʹظӦ֮жҲסȥͶС
һָоܽǸ磬дô
ҲԿ϶ŷұĿĵͻȻߣǷ磬ͬʱǰսҲѾתʱȥ
ۼҲǸ磬ҶȴĶʲôܻɱʶᵽϹ޻ʽ˵Ǵջ
ʱƮըװķȴڻײ֮׳һۿɼ̬šɢţȻԲڵһжȻٿٵԼеѹȶȥ
˫ˣϸ켫ɴ
ʵ¦൱ǳǿߣȴҪһףһ֮ʹ¦ȱǿµˡ絶ѣƤҲѳǧӣһʱȫѪ졣
˫ʲô¦ƴֿԵֵȴֱԣֻз·Ҫըһ㣬̲סһҽС
˫ûлش𡣴ʱ忪ʼ仯ɢʥͬʱҲɢһ
ǽʹĻ֮죬ƿЦ֮˵Ϊ壬СȴԵʻȺɽ֮Уδɣϰȴ־߷䣬ȴҵ˵ķʮ֮ɾͳ߽ףǰﵽ߽۷塣
̧ͷдŷҲűɫ
ұΪԳΪ߳Ƶǿߣû뵽ȴҪڴˣȻҪǾһˣ֮ʱżȻãĥһ֮ʱֻǾúȤŻгһ֮ܽΪ֮һɱ˵ǿڿԶûǸˡ
һ󿩿ЦУҵزһʱ䣬ѪƮɢ˳ģһţͬʱɢķһʱ˶оз֮ʹʳ֮ࡣ
ˣˣ¦ţš
ɱϸ켫ţ鿪쵶һѪ˫ġ塱˹ȥ
һѪ֮ǰ֮㽫֣ʹĺһʱȫһţ¼䣬Ȼ飬Ѫں֮£ɢ
ֻһھ鿪쵶ںл°Ԩ֮ס
ʱעⷨĳҲȡǿСķֻǧڰԨ֮׷ڵ
ʱ˰Ԩı֮һȴ˷
һ죬ʹùǿأ
ԶҶħпڵ䣬̲סпͬʱ˫ĻȴҲһʹõ·
˶棬ʹôħأ
гһգۼٴħ֮ۼǷٴα仯һʥƵ磿
ҶĶˡ
츣һ֮츣һȣȴֻСˡ
ϸ켫ôˣһ¦롣λڤĶһҽУϿյĴýֶ£Ըϵ¦࣬ƾΪڤֻ㿴ѪķϣһҲ磬һд껪ɻ
ǻǱǸˣҵĻʲ¦ǵ𣬱飬Ʈ֮ˣΪľǽȫɱ
ΪʲôΪʲô¦뷢һ
ȴҪ֪¦ǵЦԤ档ʱһݺ˹¦ͷλڤʱҳһǡ
һ¦ʬ壬Լɢķϸ켫ʬ壬ּʬһסȴ͵ңԶġ֪ĵط
ҶӦһ
¦ǻɱǿߺ󣬽ǵʬȫ͵һ֮СԲܸӦĻ˵Ҳǰ֮ɱԭ򡣡
ֻΪʲôʼü⡣
ҲʥźйءҶȴͻȻ뵽ֿܡ


364 ͳͳɱ
ϸ켫¦룬λǿߣһĴڣױɱʬ޴档
󷨵ȴӿšţڳÿһˡ˫ԼΪһ춯أ½֮ϣֻҪΪǿ
е¦ǣҲҵ֮ɫص־Ըȫ߶ڤָ֮Ӵ÷Ӹǿ
ǣ־Ӧһ͵ؽеķڤһ
һʱ䣬һĲɢһʱâ䣬ڤж
ʲô֮־Цţɴôȥ·֮صķ֮಻֮ܽѹס
ʹʲôڴǰǿЦİϷѣվ˶֪õжǿ
ڤţǲдâ־һ·Ϊɽ˿ڴ롣һʣʥޱȣ
ڤһʱ䣬еĹâе˽֮ϣһâ׼⣬ׯϣ·ڽżʽһ˿һ⡣
쵻ģ
һ־дţȻԽΪʣдһƪһдһȴǳɾһƪ֮ġ
ϰ칬ʥ׾Ϊ̫Ϊ֮֮£֮֮ͣˡ
һƪ£һͣǿйâһ֣־³϶Ϊһһȥޱߴ󺣰Ԩ֮ҫŹâǹ⣬ķ⡢ȴ޲ɢ
һƪ£̶İ֣ȴӳޱ߾޴֮˸ɸɾһʱ䣬оֻʣ˫廯ɵһѪ֮ǲĵܣ˫֮ΪĻ֮ôܱôȥ
ʵȥɣ־һ͵ؽڤһӡƴĽӰâӿ˲ںƮĹ֮ʱϣһһײһѪ֮С
˫Ĳҽ𣬵ҲһţһƬâȫѪ֮Χҫ۵ĹУ˫Ȼֹ
һȴѪ֮ϢһͬŲ֪ңԶȥ
ǲǶ֣Ƕ֣ʵ۷ֵĴУԶɶݶȥ
ߣܽһЦȵҵİԺһ˵
̧֣Ժ͵һץһʱƿһѿڣ³һǽ㣬֮˸ŹâɢǿϢ
ץУ͵ؼХһһӶһʮɳĽӰʱӶһ½ʵ۷ȥ·նϡ
ǽӰǿޱȣǸʵ۷Ҳֻͣסݷعȫֵ
ɾʱȴһʱ䣬˾˽Ӱ˽Ӱȴֵס
֮䣬رһϾȻ͵һʮɸߵĴ𡣴ȫŽףһǧֱֻۣӶǧӭ뽣Ӱ
ʱ˾ͽȴ׼˻ᣬԶȥ
ߣߵ𣿡־һɳĹ֮ͻȻںȴ֮ǰ˫Щ⣬ûʧǷɢΧУʱ־һǱһγɾһ˾ͽɡ
Ǵ֮ʣ˾ͽҲƴȴʵ۷һƴ֮ǿжԿǶһǷһֻ𴸣̺ž޴һ֣ʱ󣬻ʮɳĴ󴸣Ź֮ȥ
˾ͽɣȫʹöݷԶ
СС־мһЦ
ʮɴ󴸣ˣͷССǰɹ֮ȣȴʵڲֵһᡣֱ֮һצץ˹ȥǽץУһ㽫֮˸顣
󣬾˾ͽɱ󡣰ɾ͵رһƬ⺣ǹ⺣֮У˾ͽɷĶǵĲҽУ屻âֽ΢ֱңԶ֪ĵط
ʱʵ۷³һѪ
Ӳƴ³
֪ˣȴܲ򣬾ֱӱɱͶ·ֻ̧ͷϣ¦󣺡飡Ը޹̲Ͷү£ΪүЧ
ȥΪЧˡ¦ǵһЦ
Цͨôƽޱȣȴ˸еľսʵ۷΢΢һ漴ŭٴηӳ޴Ǹߴ޷ȴá
¦ǣҲҪ㣡
ʲô־нڤһӣʱеǾ޷ϣɲǼйΪһ壬˹֮ͬһ㽫޷סֻһ޷ʹ߽⣬ʵ۷һҽУʳƬ
һ֮ңԶ
Ƭ֮䣬һƬԭֵĺ򣬾ͱøɸɾֻʣ˼ܽһˣڸ߿֮еĴá
ܴܽЦȺ֮ͽҲ벻ƭǰֻΪǵѪ֮֮ʥźʹʥӢȫתܴʥĹͨ
ԭˣħ֮Уڲͬʱһ
Ļδ̫ˡһԴдȴ¦ǵ
ҲѾɱɾˡܽ͸¶һ˿֮ɫçײȴҲ֪ʱܵ¦ǣεЦԵ֮ͨһʥĹ˰ɣ
¦ǵ
ܽһü
ϧˡȻ߽ǿ֮ټеϹ޻ʵرӦûаһЩ¦ǵ·һ㡣
ǽˡܽܲΪָ㣬ʱŷַȴѾӰ类ȡüһ˲ɣôҲʥĹϢȴͶһȶ֮УҲ
ȴԶʤĸӦ֮¦˵ߣ˺仯塣㡭
мЦܽܲȻŭʲô˼˵ܣһʧԼң米Ͷ˵ķ
¦ЦΪ米·߲Ͷ㣿ˣҿú͸ǸӦʥź֮أ˲Źƺ߽磬ȴӽߣ֮̽ʥź֮¡ΪӦ˾ȥ˵Ƿ͸Ƿˣ
¦ǣܽзų⣬㲻ҪôߣҼ˵۹£
˵ţ̧ȡһ֮䣬ǧ˵۹ǿսʿͷ˳ߣϿյĴŭĿӡ
¦ǣˣûҵҲ⺣֮ҵͨܽЦ˵
ܽܣԼ̫ˡ־ЦΪԼǸʲôүҪǿߵѪ֮ŲһĴ֣
ɱ㣡ܽмԺ𴦣һʮɳĽӰŴ÷Ӷȥ
ͬʱǧѵصĽʿͬʱŭһ֣÷𹥻
Ц
־Цڴ͵ؽڤһӡʱӿǧȥЩʿУȴֻʮλǿ߷Щ㣬ӦĿ£ܡֵȴ˿û˲ֻŴù
ЩǵϣԽԽ࣬־һЦڤһӡ


365 ٴν
㣬ͬʱÿһ㶼˱һ㣬˲佫ļ˰·ΪǴһ֮¡
Щ֮ʱۣںɵĹ֮һսʿ֮°ţǿ˹ȥǼһĹâֽ⣬ʹĺС
ƴȴ֮¶ѡ
ǧսʿֽɹ֮ǰɳĹ֮СŤ壬ʱһеĹԶ
ǧˣת۾ֻʣʮȻǳǿߡ֣ȴҲѱŵʧȥս⡣ÿ˶ڲţǰδĻǰսľ
·ͻעµᣬܵ˲ʧȥֻ˵
̫׺ˣʼħԶԶţҲĿɿڴðüҡͷ
ĶͷȴѾȫ亹
áҶ̲ס߶֮ⷨ
ۣħѾһ֮ɱ˵ħȴԲáԷһλɱǧսʿֱרɱ˵
һ㣬ħ޷֮ȡ
ܽܣֵˣ־ţǹ֮Х£żܽܺݺײȥ
ɱɱɱܴܽţһɱһһȴ¶ĵ׵⡣
ʮ೬ҧأһżܴܽ󺰣ŭΪԼ׳ǿµľ
ԺʮɳĽӰܽܲҪƵƴӽȻһʮӰһʱϢֹںУȴѾ
ʮӰʮλһ֮˲ײһ
âȴУʮλּͬʱâûʮӰ˽֮ȫնùĽ֮⣬ûκá
ǹ֮һ֮˵˼ܽܵǰһڱ㽫ȥâ֮ڲͬ˳ǹ˼ܽڣܷܽһĲҽУ߽׸֣âָ顣
ã־Цһӽ֮ʣ֮һܽܵʬ֮౻ߡ
Ժ򱻾ֱºʹãС
÷־ǰֽӹϸӦ΢΢ͷֻǼռ䷨װΪṩάҪԺȻ߽ǿ֮Ǻ÷
㶼պðɡ¦һЦǸûˡ
ǡ־¶һĨɱЦݡ
磬ǹ֮ں͵һ漴ͻȻʧ
ãҶԶʱȴһ¸ӦһɼΪΣյϢУæ߶ħ֮ӿ
Ҳʱǹ֮ͻȻ˺ƿռ䣬ħǰħݺײ
Ҷ㣬Ѳڸ¦ǵ֮ׯµĴã߷ٶٽӽҹֻ֪Ѿƺ壬֡㵹ǳȣҾ͸ɴȽЩССϺԸ㣡
֮ڿ趯ӣâƬȴ·ǳַۣ֮·֮ϡŴݿƣ͵ħײ˹ſڷһ֮䣬ݺײħΧ
һ֮УΧĺˮʱԶԶƿγһƬաش
ħΧĸֻҶţ֮ҲҡŤȴǾ˳ʮ֮ԶȻǶ˸൱
Ҷ㣬үʱƴ㡣־˵ֻүҪɱЩһΪǿ˴ǲܵģڴǰһзֻǳҶ㣬ɣһۣҪǰܵĳ趼
ڤ𣬹֮ںµˣ֮͵ħײ
ǾͿ˭ǿЩɣҶħ֮дǿ͵ǰȥͬһ
ʥϢЩ籩ھϣǹ֮޾ıꡣţϹ裬·Ƭ˴ҷɡ
޴ʹΧҲŤռѺۣ޴ʹԶĺˮ֮ңԶγһһ޴С
ҵＤţʱгǿͻȻôǰʲôرײನ˺ѣ
ҵľ֮У֮ѵǰСȻѣǱǰ̬һһħӽ
ħ֮еļʼսȭͷͷðۼħе鷢ӾޱѩӰһҲһеطӳԼ֮Ҷգħ֮УһԿ֮
Ҷһ̧֮䣬ħϵħⶼۼڿлһħħⲻͣע룬ǹҲԽԽ
Ҷ֪
һ֣ʮĸͬȭ硢硢硢硢硢硢硢硢ʥħ硢硢硢Ŀ硢ħ磡
ҶĿǰϵħһǵݻ磬һߣһ˳ȥ
ʮĸһŹ֮ȥҪ֮У֮Ȼ֮ʵ̫̫ǿˣʮĸ粻Ҳ޷֮ǹ֮ſצ޿ڣͬʱסҪ֮
𣡡Ҷ㵱ϣһʮĸʱͬʱ𣬱˾ǿ
˿µ𶯣ħ͵һҡΣޱֱվˤ˵ϣʼҲһģһˤ
һµĹ֮ʮĸͬʱ֮£Ѽ֣һ֮Уٿ飬һʱɢɢ֮С
У¦۾ħ磬ɻͷû뵽ҶΪ߽ʿȻƾԼţǰ޹˺ߵţ
Ȼǿ󣬵̫ڶ࣬ͳһ־עħ磬ȴҵħ㡣ҶΪ׷øϽĵر˲õķ磬ΪΪʼղ޷ںϣγһ壬ԱŻչֳô
漴һЦȴԶǵĴã
˵ţеķڤһӣԽڿдһϡ֡
֮ϣǷԻƵ˵ģһڤšϡһ㣬ʱ
纣֮УǷѳٿĹ֮壬ȴͻȻһͬ˹âһĹ㣬ٵһ£Ƭ֮䣬γһɢںеĹһ㲻׳
Ƭ֮䣬Ҫγǰɳľ
ɣɣʼ¶һ˿Ҷүǵɢˣۡӵ޷ǶǵģΪǵܻþ֮ʱ
㲻𣡡Ҷ㶢Ź֮г˼ᶨһ㣬ǿڲʹҲġֶֻΣĲΪˡ£ձʶһħ֪ҾĴ編һ裡ħڣ
УҶֱվ͵ǰһơ
ħľ޴򣬱͵һ£漴Ȼ


366 ӥ
޴ĹһħкֱӺڹ֮ϣδȫ۳εĹ֮һ±㱻úɳȥڿй֮ۼɢź󷽵Ĵúݺײȥ
ãУ¦Ƿһ𡣡ҹͬȫڣ
УҫһâǹâӰ֮£λϵĸӢ飬ҲɢһâеĹâںһ־˹ȥ
־ɫޱȣڤ𣬵סâʹڷڤϡ
âһӴ־оȫ䣬·ԼڳԨ֮һ㡣ɫò԰ޱȣȴΪᶨӽڿдһƪ¡
Զңʦ췣
־潣һһƪֵ£Ƭ̼ɡһڤǰһ̣һսϭģ
ʱǹ֮ѷȫڽħڵĹڴ֮⣬屻ħڵĹâĥѾֽⲻʣµİӣҲѾڱıԵ
ʱһƪɵġսϭġԴзȴ˹ɵǧǰһײ֮ڣ͸ײħڹ
֮һĹâ߽ɹ㣬ٴ˱һǰ
ײһʱ죬޴ĲɢΧռ֮ңԶĺˮҲΪ֮ڣĶȫΪ֮ı䣡
ҶʱһüͻȻһ֣ħ΢ԭҰħ֮Уħ׺ٵضΣȴǻָˡԨơģ
¡һ֣Ԩȡ͵ʼǰٽӢġצһ𽻸ʼ
үǣʼӹһʱ⡣
Ҽ¦ƴҶ˵޹أȴزС¦ȫԿңĶ֣ȥ̫˵۹Ⱥף㼯ϲڣһٶôȨĻᣡ
ôˣʼȴᶨҡͷ
㲢ǶҰһ¡ҶһЦֻҪ㽫˵۹֣ôҾһǿĺܡ¦ǵս벻ڣһȥɣټ֮ʱң¿ɲҪƴǡ
ƴǣʼʩһ
Ҷһ֣ȴǱѹŵ˼ʼʼпռ䷨ʱСҶ̧֣һɺƴʱʼͳħ磬ֱ͵֮⡣ʼԶԶħöŵħ磬һ֮תɶݶȥ
ħڹǺԿţʱǹƶʱǺƶһʱѷʤ
Ҷ㣬ɸҵĿǣ¦Ϲâ䶯Ȼһĺ־𣬻ڤһâ֮С
Ǻһʱ֮ǰȻħڹѹ˰ɡ
ӦԷǿҶһּ䣬ħħעħ֮С
˲䣬ӵǿޣͬʱ
ҵıը֮УҲãħҲãܲסǳನǾҵ𵴣ţ㱻ײҡҡλΣһ󷽷˳ȥ
ߣʱҲһʱɥʧ˿ƷֻɷвҶһ㣬Ҷ衣
ת֮䣬ھײ֮£ɳԶʱΧܵ˾Ӱ죬Ȼ纣ˮһʱ֮ͬ磬С
ħҡ֮У˶ܱȶˤڵϣʮǱҶ룬ƴȫȶħ磬ȴʼ޷ơ
ħڶв֪˶ãͣҶ㳤һȴȫһµϡ
ˣǱԸסϢޱѩӰһʱɱҶߣ
磬ôޱеʡ
ѩӰţͷҶ֡
û£ֻһʱȣδˣָܻܿҶҡͷһЦ¦ǶԴõĿԽԽǿҲΪܵħĴ̼ҲĶ־ɡ
˵ţվʼħһ硣
翴ޱ޼ʣҶȴӦڼңԶȴС߽硱Ƶǽڣǽڲɢ޴֮ݺᣬʹ粻
·һƬɫĻƮеĲǰƣһСͬɽ塣ЩɽĴݣȻ
ֲȴ޶
ħ֮УͨҶչʾ羰۲磬ȴ
Ӧˣʱе˹ʡ
ԼԼɡȷ
˵ʲôޱʡ
ҲӦˡʱ׻ɱţȸҲ˹ǻͷ˵ȻֻԼȷʵܸӦͬϢ
ޣޱĿһ
ȷʵҶʱħɢʱҲԼһָо·еĳǿ޴ڡӦ΢ЩѾȥֻʬѡ
ܸͬӦǰǿ˵Ҷ㣬ѰҰɣҵһʴƸ
ãҶһͷͷλħһͬӦָǰ򡣡
ġͬʱͷʱչ޵й٣ħеǿһͬӦָ֮һҶʱħǴȥһСɽǰ
Сɽɭӳ֮УԼԼһֻʮɳľӥ֮ӥȫ𣬾ɽһɢ΢ȴѾûһ˿Ϣ
ǿ̲ס̾ӥ֪˶ãɼǰضֻ²߽۷壬Ҳ߽״ɾ繮һɡ
ļʶȴ̫̲סЦӥǺθ壬ȴδţɼϹ֮ʱѾǿ塣ʬܱôãǽ֮Ȼܱô࣬µҲǰ˽ס
˽ףޱһ
ȴǰ˽ޣ֮統ȻסôУ
һ磬Ѿأǿ磬Ȼ͵Զˡ
ʲôôһ磬ͽɱȸ̲ס
ֻ²ǹΪ֮ҶЩʥ֮ǰ֮ʴôӥǱУܲסڴˡ
ֻǰʥ˷֮ʣ޸Ӧ˾仯֣ȴޱ²š
Ҳӥʥ˰Ҳ˵ͻȻ˵Ȼ˿һĻЦҶ֮ĹϵҪСˣҶʥ֮ʱ㲻߾ӿһù
Ҷɶ𣿡Ҳ׸ʱ˼ػؾ
ҿɲǸ˼һæתҶֻ͡˵Цѡ
ҶЦŰ˰֣ӥ˵ɡ
֮䣬֮ӿ𣬲Ǿӥϣʬ̧𣬻ħǰħһŻǾӥ֮ʬУһտ֮ذ׵
ô绹ܣ̲ס
ȥʬ壬ֹһߡ׻˵
ǾͼҡҶͷջ༸ǿʬ壬֮ħ磬ħʱǱɲþ´ˡ
ֻǡ¦ǱһҲźáޱ޵ĵ˵
ǰҶ΢΢ͷ


367 
֮Ҷҵһֻʬλáһɽ֮±Եһֻ쵾̾±ߣСӴ£ûаϢȴ壬Ǿӥһ㡣
ǲ֪塣ҡҡͷǵʥʱĵùɡ
᣿ͷ˵ǲ
Ҷ㽫ֻ쵾ħܸӦеȴ֮ʬڡ
⵱ȻǺ£ħһ·ѰУҶһ·ȡʬ壬һʱʱȻһʮߡ
֮ǰһӥһߣ֮Ҷȴȡʮʬ塣
ЩޣļʮɣСҲмɣȻϾ΢ӿȻͬһȼǿޡʮʬħſȴռ˺ôһƬأЩʬ壬ɾ̾üһһʥ˱֮ʣȻôǿᣬʥ֮ǿ죿
һ֮ӡħ֮ԴȻСҶ˵
ʮֻʬ壬ɫøΪأǰ̧֮䣬֮ӿ𣬽ʮʬ嶼ʮϹޣԵǾͶںϽҵħͬɣ
һħֽ׳󰡣˷
˵̲סڡ
Ҷȴȥǡָ֮ʮ߾޴ʬȫᵽ˰У䣬ԭҰħ֮еħ׺Ȼеս򷢻ӿռ֮˲ɳʬװԼռ֮ڣջħ֮磬֮һһų
ħ׺֮£Щ޵ʬһ黯΢ٽս֮Сʮʬȫ˷ۺսŷ˳Щ΢ͷš
ҶָЩ΢ħĻ֮С
ʱһϢȴҶȻӦȴǾȻ֮Ӣ֮
֮⣬֮ӱҶȡʱֻӢ飬ûʵ壬ʱЩʬ΢һ֣ǰӢʱԾһʱһӢЩ΢ȥƺҪЩ΢ںΪһ
Ҷȴһ͵̧һץȴһƬ΢ץ֮ħ֮Уħ׶죬ħΣ֮ȴһƬʬ΢ţ塣
ҶԭҰͷųһħУӢеţ֮Ծ˲֮ϣ֮С
⡭ޱ޶ôˣָţҶ㣺磬Ҫ޵ʬ壬Ϊ֮ӴԵ𣿡
Ҷһͷˣǲӳǿ
˵ţһץץһƬ΢ԭҰħ֮磬Ƭ̼䣬˾гͷ֮ӳӢ飬һ֮С
Ӣ飬ʱ趯·ǳõߵĺӣϲѣȸԾҶһЦץЩ΢ȴӵӢϡֽӵȡ˳κʹӢ֮ϡ
ȫϺһ벻·ˡǾͻȻȫڶ𣬼֮Уȴһ׷һγһڵԲ
Ҫʲô׻㵵̧ͷ
ǵõ֮󣬱Ҫħɣȸǵ˵
֪ĶһˣǱҶ㽫ȫɱٻԭԭӣ
ҶȴҡͷǲҪߣǻ֮һ𣬽ںϣƺҪʲô
ʲôشϿǱڲϢľӡ
ʱӵȴĻںһ𣬶ǣ֮£ǵҲؾ£һҫ۵Ĺâ
ô۰ȸɽʹмңڹȻųǿӦôۣɼжǿҡ
Ҷһ§ޱħӿȴʹᱻ۾
âԽԽǿȴ仯Ҷħ۾۲оȫһɵЩӢ֮Ҳ˹У֧ǹ⡣
ȴһ̧֮䣬ǹ˹ֱԭҰ֮С
磬Сģޱŵضš
£ҶҡҡͷԭҰ
ǹһԭҰħǵĹâǹѹȥħ֮Ҳ·˾һ㣬ħ׹ֱ·ձ֮
ȥɣҶǰһѽǹħ֮УԼ漴ڣָħ׺â
ûпʲôӣһ߶죬һ˳Ӧǹı仯ΪΡ֪䣬ǹ⽥仯һһ䳤γ˳һ󣬹âһȴҶǰ
ϣ֮ӵĻӰһʥϢ伤ħ׵Уħ𻯳
Ҷһ֣˹Уȴвסֱӷɳħ֮磬ԭҰ֮͵һһȴħ֮С
ǹֱӻ΢ɢħķ֮УֱħĻ֮У˹âʵ塣
Ҷ㻺ۣӦħеı仯ȴ΢΢һЦһ֮䣬ħбʱһ⣬ţһ㻯ǳ֮ӻӰħħԼɢ
ʲô鲻ɶ
ܸӦ洿ϢһһֿµƺԸıһСٻһУ찡Ҷ㣬Ǵһʲô
ͽɡҶ㿴һ趯ĳ˵֮ݻɣܸӦ̺˾޴ҵ֮Ѿ˵һķʹʱҪħҵԼоá
˵ȴǹ֮еñˣ̲ס˵
˷ܵؽǹ֮лָǿܸ˲õĹֶΡҲ˾֮ʤǹ֮һ
Ҳô˵üʵ¡
ôϳ־Լ磿ǲˡ
Ҿ¶ѡٺһЦ
嶷죬Ҷȴעȫ˾֮ϡȫħڳһ壬Ѿ޷뿪Լһͻ֮ȴԼ
ͷһĿħ֮һСɽʱ͵֪ٱһԽԽСɽεظסҶɱӿ𣬾ʱ֮ӵħħ֮˲ͽСɽյöϳء
һʱ䣬СƬգһССɽ壬ôˡ
ǿ˾ͬʱ
ǺǿҶ㻺ͷ÷õˡȡһħڱֻƻǵĻͬһشȴҵֱۡơָȫҵָӣ񡣡
˵ţĿһתּ䣬˲ԶһСɽϣҶ͵һСɽ㱻߷
ҪײۿСɽХŵôһ
ҶȴǵһЦֱһ֮䣬Ҳ仯ȴ͵һ˦Сɽһɽ˹ȥ
СɽХȥݺײڴɽ֮ϣԼײ˸飬ǴɽҲСɽһСߡ
ǿɸ̾


368 ʥĹ
ܺáҶ΢΢ͷ¶΢Ц֮Ѿûпȡ֮Ǳ뿪ɡ
а취뿪ʡ
ȻҶЦ֮ﵱȻסҡǰ˽֮£δ֮ߣȴҪЩס
ڰ˽˵Զ޷ޱտ磬ȴ̲סһ˿⣬ҡҡͷһ˱ﲻýѣ;ÿ¡ֻû˾Ҫˡ
߰ɡҶӶƣħľ޴ȴƿһ֮ţ֮
ʱһɹɵľ޴ȴӿͬһһ㣬ħΧ鲻ɾô£
һ罫˹ȥҶһüǿȴ޷ܡ
˵ţǰʱһ䣬һƬƮ֮硣͸һԼԼɽ󺣣ȴƺǻصʵ֮һ㡣
ǡҶȻܣȴӦһɹϤ̲סѿڶﾹȻʥߵ
ʥޱ̲סгô˵ʥĹˣ
пܣпܣҲ̲ס˷Ҷ㣬ӦʥԴͷɣܴȫʤڱ֮ǰõʥź
ȸԾԶһƬȴͻȻһǿһŻٿȻ򿪣ׯµķڤãȴŻ֮һԾ֮ڡ
ԩ·խó֣һ֮յغҶ㣬ǵ֮ǰҵʥźǵõ
ֻҪһսˡҶŴãֻúХԼ߷ȻҲԼҪȽԼȥѰʥź
ɡһЦԾ
˵ţһӣʱħ֮趯ƶ֮䣬һħϵħԼϣ͵һ˦֮ڿУʱ۳ħڹ
ɵͷ̾ԼħڣȴʡҶ֮⼸ǹ֮֮ͬˣ
ħڣҶһһָħʱһŻħںһ޴ĹǰӭŴô˹ȥ
һâһɹֱ֮ӷ˳ϵϢ֮ӿ֮侹Ȼ֮ȴ֮ǰҶһս֮ʱΪǿ
ףޱȻôôһ򣬴õҲ
Ǹ֮УҲв˵ıҶ˵ȡЩŻ֮ΪõͻǸ֮ʱŻᱻʥĹľ޴ѡСʥĹ֮С
˵֮䣬ħ֮Ѿײһ𣬱Ȼ졣һɢԲڵɢһռѺۣҲǺ֮ɣķ
ħ磬֮£ȴֻ΢΢ػζ˼£ڲ֮ҲֻǸӦ΢𶯶ѡ
ҶǿˣУ־ֳַڤŴʾͼü
ѵֻ¦Ӣ֮䣬΢΢һЦһ֮УһҲջֻû뵽ǾȻһͬʥĹֱӱɡ𣬳þδգɱ
ǣ־һͷڤдǡսϭġ
Ƭ֮䣬âԴзɳǱƺƵֱǰ֮Ϊһ壬ҵسħڵĹһ±㽫ƻʮɡ
ãħоһ
£Ҷһվּ䣬ȴҫ۵Ĺâħпһħ⣬Ȼȥͬһ㣬ħڵĹϲħڵĹʱøΪǿᣬ˲һ࣬һ׺֮žǿǹ֮ݺݵ˻ȥ
ڰмҵؽ棬Χɢ¶·ޱߵĴء
ⱬ֮УռѺͬһżԶķӳȥȫ֮У·Ҫһֱ飡
ħã֮УҲҵضȴû֮ǰʱһԱײɳȥ޷ơ
ʱڲ֮ͬеҶ¦ǣȴͬʱŶԷͷޡ
ı֮Уȴһɸǿӿһ·ǱԼ˺ŭˣ֮һʱޱߵ·𻯳һ˫֣һ½޴ӿ֮УΧ緢Ť仯
ãҶ¦ͬʱҪֿǰȴôת˲֮䣬ֱ𱻾硣
һ󶯵֮УħʥĹ磬ʥĹľֱһ֪֮С
Ҷ㷢ħȶޱµؿڣ찡ʥĹ֮еȻôǿ󣬴úħȫĶְ
ܵһġ𡯡Ҷ˵֮ǿȴι̣ƴ֮ʣѺۣɼʥĹ֮ʥǿΪȽӽʥĹ߾ʥĹڵԭ򡣡
ǵ취صﰡü˵
ӴϢұٶȸӦҶ˵֮пɣѰҵͨʥĹڵͨұܸӦȻȥȴ֪Ҫһ֮УʱʥĹԽԽԶͲˡ
һ˵һߴħĸйӦ硣
֮УһƬİɫиźصƲ㣬ʾһ־Ļɡ
·һƬĴأزʵһ鸡֮У·һͻὫ̤֮飬׹Ԩ֮һ㡣
ֵ硣ޱħɵ羰󣬲ɸ̾޾ҹ֮һ㡣ףħôˣ
ΪӰ졣Ҷ˵гħӢڣȴ乲ӢҲãҲãҲãҲãֻǳƺϵĲͬʵȴµ֮˴֮ȻԻӰ죬ǿ֮ȴײ
ô˵ȴ磿磬г˺档
Ǳߺжȸ۾⣬ʱԾ֮зԶһ㲻֮ͬ
ҶĿһͷȻһĹ˼ȥ
ħһ֮䣬ʱǴȥתۼ˽ǰʱޱҲؿǴĹɾȶô󰡣
ȷʵ󡪡һĹԶ֮ʱҲֻһ¡ԲηĹǰһĹһȴĹȻߴʮɣȴͬһСɽһ㡣
ʲôｨĹ̲סʡô޴ѵߵľ
ɭ磬֮޴ķĹ׻˵ȴƺǴ˵еĹظһ㡣
˵䣬ĹȴͻȻһ춯ţһϢ˶ĹΧ𣬴֮ȴ·ǧ뺿һ㣬֮ëȻǼ֮Уһ͸ԴĹ֮зĹϵĿһ
ʲôȻ
飡Ҷһ±Ӧ̺ǿƺҪǶ֡
Ƕ֣Цˣǲ֪
Ѫ⣬ͻȻ䣬һ޴ԷĹд֮дޱߺ⣬Ҳ̲ס˸¡
ԹԣʲôȻɴ۾Ĺ
ǷĹ֮УһˮӿЩ͸ںһ壬һߡ


369 ǿ
ķ磬Ǻˮϵ䶯ţһ˺ëˮ֮ˮʣȴ·ڷͳİ
Ĺ֮Уо޴ӿţɢǻεĺˮ֮СʱǺˮֹͣ䶯ʵ·ˮ˱һ㣬ʵڵ壬ȫ仯һʮɳĺߣƬܲĹ⣬һɫ²һ͸â
޴ߵϹţۿӵĲһһ㣬·ǲʧƤ
Ѫ⣬ǿѪ⣡жûмѪˣζζ޼۵ıǾ޴ǷĹдԽ
Ⲣֻɣޱ̲ססҶ֡鲻û𣿾ǴеӢ飬Ҳ˼Բܱ¦ƭ𣿡
Ǹ硣Ҷ˵ȫ粻֮ͬУֻҲ粻ͬɡҲӦóΪ顯
ǡֹһ䡣
ǹ顣һҺԣ³ֻ·һ
ؼѾˡһغ̧ܡ
ǾͰǴûɢߺš
ͬ磬ֵ֮ͬͬȫɣǵ飬ҲͲΪˡֻȴġֻġϢ
һ鱾壬ǡޱǺߣ̲ס²⡣ġ
ƺǷҶ˵ҸӦˮɣʵԼһ֮ʬɡҲҪ¶
ʱǺѾȫ۳Σſڷһ죬һʱħӿײħĻ
һֱ͸˽˶С
ᷳڶŴԴ̲סҪ𡣡
Сıʧ侲ͷһʱ֮漴һŤӣֵǣع鱾λħ繥У
ʱعķظԵķλ鱦֮ЭҶ㡣
߶סħ磬ͻȻһӡʱһӰħ˹ȴһȫڣƤ㣬ɣ߶ſһŴڣҪħҧһ
ⲻǺˮɵһֻʬ壡ϵ㣬Ǻ̶Ȼϡ٣Ⱥӣʮͣһܴﵽ֮ǳ׵ǿߣҲǺ̶ȺҶ㣬ǺöȻȲ֮ǰȡЩʬ壬Ҳǲıˣ
ʱѾεħԵħĻħĻǿϾȴ·һ˿ǣзǿʮѲ
Ѫ⣬ϺõѪ⣡ԷĹдɭЦѪҶܵõ⸱Ѫ֮ұٶȽʱǴµһǿߣ֮Уһ֮£֮ϵǿߣϣϣ
һУǷĹһ·ɳǧ飬һ۳߸ߵС֮Σɫצħɱ
˼Ҷ⻰ȴЦû뵽֮УУγԼҲ֪ĹеļһʲôӡۣĴֲۣ֪ʲôģ
ʱǧ֧ԼǺ̶ƱøǿʢҲȻֱײħײ
ҲкµʱҶӦ̶ϵϢǴﵽ˳Ľ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ޣһñշȴȳĽ׵ķҪǿ
̶ƿײֱħԵ͵ſǾ޿ڣ¶һĸħԵݺݵҧȥ
ҧ磡ԷĹ𣬡ҵУѪϳ
գʲôСѪ⡯Ҷ㵭һЦ飬Ϊ̶ƿҵħ磿ҹӽȴħҲƲˣҪѹ֮£
˵ţҶ̧ǰһ֮ʣʱħзǿϢħסħ֮裬ǧȫ˾ڡűǺ̶һ½زס
ɳľʱƴɢ뽫ơĽ֮ܶԿ˾ҶֻǵһЦһ䣬ʱϾ޴ʩھ֮ʱȫ̱
һϢȴǾɢԶҶֱӸӦʧȥЩ֮ľʱʧȥжȫһʬ塣
̾һһ֣ٱ䳤һ·ȥȴЩ֮Ҳϣס
ʲôĹ֮дһʲôȻԽ
ϣ֮Ӣ֮ǾȻԽˡ
Ҷһʱջħ֮УǺ̶Ҳ˻ҶҲ˵ʲô̶ֱӢ֮ѹħ֮С
ȻҷޣǴ󵨣Ĺ֮֮Ǻ͵ؽŤ˼£ʱſڣħ
һڵϢǴߵĿͬһɫɫĳȥһ罫٣ĸоʵֻһ¾ʱҪһţʧȥֿ֮ɡ
ߵɲһ㣡Ҷ㣬ҪСģ
ǿҲһûѪ⣬һǿѡҶ΢΢һЦúÿɣ
˵ţǰһ֣ʱձ·ִһ㣬ֱź߲ȥȺŤܣһϣΡ
󷢣ʱһȥ·һشϵعסߵľȻھǿǰЩԵúۣ֮ӵϢӿһʱȶǺߵʱѹȥҲɪ
ħħ֮źߣðһˮ̣ʹţԽԽСˮ¶壬ȴһɶ೤ĺߡǺڣһ֮ӿݣƺҪٶȷȻûǣȴԱܵؾȴָӡ
ҶӦһϾӢ뷢ʱѹ

ŭĺУǷĹҵضȴ·̮һת֮䣬һߴɵĻɫˡǾһҰۣһХĹгһγ֮𵴣ԼХ֮
ôĵӣȻҶҵķޣǿǴ۴͸ҵػޣҶȥΪУ׷ȪģҲҪɱ㣬طޣǾ˴ţȻҪѪ֮ΪҵѪ⣡
˼Ǿˣ̲סЦԼϺзɱҲȡȴԲѵҪҶ塣ҶεˣܶԸ˵ģ
ʵﻯ֮ԽǿԽǿŻȡҵ塣Ҷ㻺ͷһЦֻ鶼Ϳѵܲħǿ󣿺ãҾͺúýѵѵ㣬׹շ׳ħӢ֮ɣ


370 ѹ
˵ȻѾ۳Σȴûн廹ڱ仯ٴﵽɸҲͣһɫϣҲԵٺͱ飬ŷŭһ˫ۣסħ硣
飬͸¶һḬ֮̃ɫ
Ӧ˵ϢҶ֪ܿʵȴǳ߽׵ǿΪ̣Ÿ߽ͷȴȻ߽۷ǿߡ
ʵĻֻ˫£磬½ػں֮Уǳһľǿߡ
ħ磿˼˶ħ磬΢΢ͷħ񣬺þöûֳƺˡжأڴˣ۳Σ󣬱ûô֮ǰأδ֮ǰ֮ʱǺʱ
˵ţȻҡͷˣȫˣԼǰ˭Ϊλ˵ضˡ
漴ɭȻһЦáôʱҲѪ֮ǿԼʹԼάֲ𣬵ҲѾ˱ıԵ壬ұٴʱ˵ͻƶȥư£۰һ
˵ΡҶ΢΢ҡͷ
ͨһȴȻǿ󣬵ȴңЩǲĸоΪʧȥѾãѾ˼ά
飬Ҷʵûʲôɶ˵ģּ䣬ħӿҪֶԸ
Ҷ֣ȴһֻ֣һ֣Х˲ħ֮ϣһ㽫ħθסһɹǿȴЩ֮Լ֣Ҫħת˵
ƣҶͺһħΧĻʱײײ֮ĪЩȫơ
ۣأ
˽ջأճȭΣͺȭƣʱϢһһԿȭϡǰһһȭݺݴһһ󳱣ʱɾײħ֮ϡ
ײħȴҲûһ£еҲЦʲôõǸʲôսϭġֱ֮𣬲
ʱһȭͷȴҲȻ޴ȭƣγ˺һȭٴħ
ȭţЦ·ħ罫һȭ֮³׷һ㡣
ȴǲܷ¡
ҲãҲգĹ˵ħ磬ҲֿܵҶ΢΢һЦ飬ұʶһ֮ħ֮
̧֮䣬һ˦ħ磬·һֱһ㣬ƿǰȥһ±㽫һг鿪ֱӱֱӱɡ
ȺڣԾԣȴ·һ󲹵ҩһ㡣ڹȺݺ裬ͻȻĴ󳱾һУǵڶϮ󣬱ֱӱ֮УѲãƴ
ҲͽͣݺἤһУ漴ѹתԼٷԸ󳱡Ƭ֮䣬󳱾ƣһ֮Զ˳˹ȥ
Ҫ⣡˷͸ɫ
ǰ̤һȭͷ˷צ͵һץ
ʳأצ
ޱȵɣתʵצŴĺâžץ˹ȥȻһ±㽫ץУס
ⷨ飬ôޣ˵Цצ͵սצʱ޴žѹȡи
ԲѣҶȵֱһ֮䣬ӿŤм±㽫צײ漴ڿлһըװľ죬˵ͷȥ
˼ô׾ͰĿƣɳһ漴Ҳŭһٴλצһץצʱһγһֻצžץȥ
žһУֱӳצϣǿǿޱȵצӣȻһѣڲ߽⡣
ôͣ˷һУƴȥͬʱ˫裬ʱ۳һƬ޶ܣӭž˹ȥ
ƾҲ뵲סңҶһЦξ֮ȥ
ž
һ֮УǾ޶ϣСɽһľ޶ܱʱ𶯣һµѺۡ
ž
ڶ³ھ޶֮ϣ޶ϵѺ۱ʱӿͬһܼ
ž
£ȴֱӽǾ޶ܳ˸飡
ãۼ³ȴԼҪԼһ³΢˵ɫɴ䣬͵شһȫһȭͼ
ȭײɲǣȴӦȭϳĪ޷ֻۿ佫Լȭͷ顣
һ·ǰ˲ͷֱۡҽһˣҰȴѾһ飬ͷֱͬһʧγһµĴڡ
ʹغţ͸ɫڵøӶ
Ȼˣȴûȴ˼񷴶øΪױͻȻͷһļХ֮˲䴫ϾãΧռ䡣֮УҲŶһͻȻγɣˣ֮ϣٵ۳һµֱۡ
ֱֻȫɣȴܳ־á
һȴǷĹʷֳһұ֮ϣЩںһγһԵֱۡ
һﾹȻôһУȻ
磬һжޱһü磬ô޵ȥô죿
СҶ˵ұΪһˣȻֱԾȡ׳ħ磬벻ȴֻǷϵһֱۡ£֮ҿҲò˶ٴΡ粢רһ˵ģ֮ٱܽ٣
΢΢һЦ֮䣬Ҷ㽫һӣʱٴδŹ˳ȥ
ﱬҰ׵Ĺ⣬Ҳӿ˸Ӧ̲סҪʧȥս֮⣬֮ĹâֲҰ׵Ĺâ֮£˻̧һ½ֲԼš
Ҫɱ𣿡š
˵ƺסʲôȻʮֳ˳ʱŵƿڴӿһΪҵĹ⣬ǹһʱۻһöֵĲҰ֮϶Ϊһ
һʱ䣬ħ֮еѩӰ飬Լһʹ࣬缰ȥסĸо
ޱҶߣҶħػ֮£ȴûʲôоֻǼͻȻί٣ȴɳһ
ҪǣҶһħ֮ӿѩӰʶʱ˹
ɾһ
֪ߣҪһĺд˽ǲҰ׵Ĺ⽣߸߾ٹͷ˫ֳţ׼ħݺն
Χ֮Уʱǿ֮ۼǹ⽣֮ϣ˲仯һʮɵĽ⣬ݺħն
ҶӦǽǿᣬȴҴ⣬ɫصһ̧֣ʱħϵħۼγɹ򣬺Ȼһħڡ
ħڹǰһײڽ֮ϣʱǽɢԶвڵϣʱ㽫ǴѺ۱鲼֧顣


371 
ħڹһٻ˽⣬Ȼǰ˻ȥ͸֮ɫмæеĹ⽣ֵħ֮⽣Եֵֻһǹ⽣ͷɢ
⽣ҲȷʵȻʹ˵ס˹˱Ĳһº÷˳ȥڿзʮͷסΡ
գҶ㵭һЦ佫һһʱ޷˲ȥ
ǿѪ⣬Ƭ̼ҪҵУ
ҵУ
ҪҵУҳΪµһǿߣ
˵˵Ѫ֮ҵģ˭Ҳߣ
ڴʱĸ޴𣬽ţȴĵ԰׵Ĺâҫ𣬻ĵһϮĽһ֮Ȼһ𿪣ħ֮С
ҶüȥֻԶĵӰٶŲ֮ͬ϶йХţĸһҲ࣬ȫԳ֮ɫֻ¶˸еâ
Ȼĸˡ
Ǿλһһǰ˺ʡ
Ѫ⣬ǿޱȣ˭˭ģǽ˴ʱһǶᣬᣡ
ᣬҵᣡĸͬʱѪ֮õǿ
ԣȴһ㣬ǲȫеİߡ
֮Уĸˣͬʱӿ˲ҵ֮⣬ǹâһ壬ȴһâڣʹĵֲһУ˫ֲ֮УקһµĹ⽣
ҶҲԸЩһ˵ϻ֮䣬ħħۣ˲ִһħڡȻֱ˹ȥ
ǿ֮ǿ֮һЦһй⽣𡣰ڵĸˣͬʱӶ֮һħڹն
⽣ʱ⣬ڿоۼһһײħڹ֮СȻ֮Уɢӿ𣬿ռҲһѺۣȫɢħڵҲĸɾըʧ
һʵӽʱȻܷӳôǿǿ£޵ǵתҶ㣬Ҷ㣬вУ
߽۷壬ô෨ħ磬ٲܽǻܣһҪħʲôҶվֱΣ͸ŵĹâ
ᣡʱеһȴͻȻħ˹һץ֮䣬ʱ۳һֻצħԵץȥ뽫ħ˺һӣԼýУҶ
ᣡˣǷԾԲͬħצ˺ħԵ
ֻ֪ȴ׶ֻǶסħ磬ƺҪֺͬԼٳ֡
˺ħ磿ҶһЦǲ
̧֮䣬ӿȭ֮硢硢Ĵ磬ħзֱӭֻצ
УĴ֮׽ֻצƣʣֱӿĴˡĸ˷𣬷ֱ⽣ֵȴˡ
ǿǿʹǿ÷޵ֵþնɱʱȴͻȻ
Ĵͬʱͷսã֪ǿлָ㣡
˵ţȴͬʱʱĵӰзڿпٵ۱仯ֻ޴ĺɫޣֱһֻЫӣһͷţһͷϬһֻ
Ĵޣʮɳȥأƾˣһ۳ͣʱħſľս
Ĵˣڴʱ߾еĹ⽣ĽΪһ塣˴˲ƣںϣȴƺ֮λ
ǿķޣֻޣЩšҶ㣬һȡôǿļһ𣿡
кβɣҶһָʱħ趯𣬴ħľ޴һ·˲ƣһ±㽫ֻ޲ס͵һգ価
ǿ̲ס˷ܴСöУħǿЩǿļһȶҲ֪ħ羹Ȼǿֵز
գҶһ֣ʱһľֻȻһȴҷ֮ǵһţһСʮɴСӡ
ȻȻ뷽ȣȴѾǲֵһᡣ
Ҷһ֣ʱ˻ֱӽĸħ֮УǺ̶ͺԱߡ
ǵķޣĴ˲ɼۣһʱܼУԼĽ֮ʧȥָӣһ±Ľѹơ˲䣬ںΪһ壬ߣȴ
һɭЦභȴҵҲȥȴǻ˼˼ܽУУֻĲֹǣǣұ۱ȼ磬Щ󽫾ʲô
УͻȻй⽣һӣ彣һĽʱħ缲ն
ӴĽ⣬Ȼɣޱȣ·ǹâһѿٵصı
ĹӡҶ㻺ͷֱץħеħⱻ֮ٵڿмϣ۳ǹͣϵȥץһħ㲻ϱעǹ֮С
ת֮䣬ǽѾ˽ǰۿҪնħϡҲʱҶ͵һƣһҺɱ𾡣
һȻУһħ֮ݺݵغ彣һĽ֮ϣһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ɫ鸡Ĵֱѣ׹򿴲׵ĵºڰԨеĻһȫɢҲһʱ䲼˿ռѺۡ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣǷȫǶֻ֣д۲ܶԸֻд۲ܣ
ǵĺУδħڣȴǺ
۾ǣͻȻͷдһּ֮֮˫죬ͷʹѡ
۾ȻˣЩǲȫСӲú£ڴˣûκ˵ǣ
Ȼ֮䣬һ𣬴һֵеϣġ
ûκӰֻ֣ǿͻȻ˼⡣ǹҵǷϣƺǷĹĹڿпٵζţ˲ͻһ΢ͼͼĴһ޴ɢתۼ仯ǧ糱ħ
ƿգһ죬һʱնӳñɫΧռҵضʱ˿ռ֮ĸʹöݷӽ˴Ƚӽʱ޿ռɳȥ
ЩޱȣȻͻħĻֱӴħ֮ϣһӳ޴ǰƽǧҰצҪħƿ
ߺˣҶҲЩԶһ
ߵĻУӦһָ߸ϵ⣬ͬʱҲӦ˶Է֮ȴʮǿ󣬿ǽȫ֮гƵġۡôʵС
ңҶӦǴ۵Ĵڣȴڸȴһ˿
ѵԷ֮İ˽ǿߣ
ǿߣ˿Ҵ⣬ʱøΪ裬ȴħȫ¶ֻǼǿħ绤һ顣


372 
׷׷飬ͼ仯зɳһͼǧشħݺݻ
ɫûûˣҶҡͷһЦ̧֮䣬ħһܣһϢ͵س
ջӶ֮ʣ͵رӢ֮ħסħЯһϢ֮º϶Ϊһһ³ͼϡ
һʱ䣬ͼй⻪ҫͼͬһȻѣһ֮ϡ
һһͼȥͼʱǧٱֵȴֵס˲ͱ÷ɳ
Ʋֳͼϣһ±㽫ͼ˸顣
ֶΣȴС㡣ǱܻصţƮ޷
󣬿ռͻȻһѺۣһֻѺݺݽ֮˺ѡţһߴӰԿռһԾڰ֮С
һľˣźɫΪף˿Ϊεĳۣһֳ԰֮ɫ·þӵص׵ĽʬͷɫĳƮ۾͸˾֮⡣
Ϣ۳һƮƻƮ裬ԼйХ֮֮˱
ˣʱʩ񣺡μۣ
𣿡ҶǾˣͷȻɫҸӦһ㣬ʵΪ壬ϣֱۻʵ塣ĸ֣¡ѾԶԶԽ߽֮˰ɡ
ѵ˵ǰ˽ףһ
˽ΣҶȴЦˣ߽۷ѲҵĶ֣ħٴӣȴһλ˽׸֣
Сߵ尡̲ס
ˣȻ߽ףҲа˽֮ޱ˵֮ǿߣʵв࣬ħѵ򲻹
עħ磬Ŀ΢֮䣬ͻȻһץƮƮץסһһ࣬γһöſƣһԲ㽫ħ硣
Ȼͬһǣ˲ײ
ҶĿأ˿Ҵ⣬ּ䣬𣬻ӭݺݻȥһ֮£֮ɢһöƾ˵ʱñɢ
Ҳײ÷𣬵ħУϴħϢҲɢɾ
ֶΣ΢΢ͷȻ壬ǧδǿˡԺη
ڤҶҲҶش
ڤҡҡͷû˵һϵĹң
һҶһѵ˵ﻹϵﲻʥǰġۼصôܻͨ
ۼǡ漴ַʣѵϵ
Щ۵СɫĴǵһμ۾ȻЦˣҶ㣬ʹﵽ߽ףӵ֮ۻɵķ˲𡣡
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦ
ǿҲΪʥźɣһ֣֮䣬˵ȴѾּ⣬ʱȥԶԶ󣬴ײ
Ҳ֪ʥźҶһ
Ȼ΢΢һЦ磬ǽʥź֮ɣʥ˶ľݻ磬ʥһֵ֮ںγɣԲܴˣҲݻ壬֮飬֮顣
۶˵ܣֻɣҶʡ
Ǵˣܺá۵ͷҲҵȺ£ȻҲǣȴرǵʧķһ㡣Ϊǽ飬㣬֮۳ʵ壬飬
Ҷ㲢廰ֻ˵ȥȻħκٴοڡ
ǿ󣬵վûдﵽ˽֮ңȴѽ˽׾磬֮Ѿһ壬ҵķȴ編һƬɵؾ֮УǿУѱҲ˽˴ʥźƾһˣֻ¶ǲ
Ǵ۵˼أҶʡ
뱾£˵ʱΪڱһ֮£֮ϡ֮󣬱۽뿪磬ʥĹɨǿõʥźʱȻĺô
ǱǸˡҶ΢΢ҡͷ˵£֣ҶĳҲûȤ
˵ʲôɫһ䣬õ۾ôȴҵӪ
뿪˵أ뿪ҶһЦڴ֮Уʥź֮ޱ˽⣬֮˽׵ʱ򣬾Ӧ뿪˵ȥѰʥźˡΪδȥΪ޷뿪
˵һŭӿ
ס㣬޷ѡҶ˵ĵ֮أļңͬʱҲΡ뿪ͱ֮ҵħ㿴˽֮£ңΪǶҵħ磬Ȼ뿪˵ء˵Ŀɶԣ
ɫ仯һֻܴǴʱᷴϵۿǸ˲ţڣΪ۵ĵһ£պűۣõĪô㲻ϵȴֻýʱɱ編һң֮У
˵ţһЦͻȻ佫̧ʱһ֮ڿУγһµķ籩һǷ籩ХڿݻһɲĹ
ɢ֮⣬з˹ſ¶һɭɭݣ͵ǰħݺҧȥ
һĻȫвݣһ±㱻ֱ顢˺ѣǾ޿ֱҧħ֮ϣȻ֮䣬޴ѹħ硣
Ħ֮£ħڷ̶ļ֮һâƬɢʵȴûбҧƣǾ޳Ҳĥ𵴣ɽ
ֹâɽȴ·ǽ̻񻨣Ѥá
Ѥ֮Уȴļҳͻ
ּҵĳͻ֮УҶȴ֮һ÷
֣ŹɵɣںϽ֮Źʵ֮Ϊˣ֮ΪڵԼħһ㡣
Լ֮Ϊˣ֮ɼ̵ıΪ
ͬǣŹ仯ſҧ³Ϣħʹڲħں;ֻǵײ
һֻشȻǿ󣬵ܱϾޡ
ҶĿ⣬Ͷۡ
ȫ۵壬ʵһ㣬ȴʾһ÷
۳Σ壬ô֮أҲһŹ
ҧħڣʱ˿͵ڿһȴֻһֻȭһȭħֱӻħ֮ϡ
ʱħ֮һ󶯵鷢Կ
壬ʲôоĲ˰ɣЦţֻ׵̫ˣ
˵֮䣬ĿһǾȭδħϣͻȻ仯ȴǻһֻצֱӽħץסȻҪħᵽ۵ǰ
ʿ磬׽óʱ編ҵģ۵Цһץ䣬ľۣ֮һѹ⽣
Ҷ㣬ڸʲô췢ħУ齹ͬʱӳȫ
ħ𵴣ǾצԿȴܵйצ֮һ㻺۶ȥ


373 ħ֮
Ҷħ֮оϸϸظӦ۵仯ͬʱҲ˼֮Ӣı仯֮Լ֮䣬͸Էȴһ˿Ϊץסһ˿ȴһᣬϧա
飬ȥһ
˲ɣͷǿǰҪǳȥ
ǳǾͳôϻʲôһȻҲľսΪҶһʱ̫ãȴѾϰҶھ˴漣ˣѡҶ㡣
ȥҶظһ䡣ᶨɡ
ۣҶɫɥʧ־ӣֻʱȥ
һ£ħֱӱǾצƣ۶ȥ
۷һЦҶ㣬֪һ׵Ĳж˰ɣǿҲ޷ҶԿԹ׳һаɣ
Ƭ̺ħѾǰ͵ػһһƥĽӹħʱƿһӣЦֱֻ̧ͻȻǴʮһ»Ϊޱۣħ֮УֱҶץ
˿Ҷһּ䣬֮ޱѩӰ͵ԶԼȴһǾֽԼץס
һǿ֮Ŀ⸱壬Ϻõıα۵ջǾ޴ޱȣ
Ц֮УֱջأҪҶħ硣
֪ĶҶʱȴͻȻЦΪǵвǿϧȴԲ˵ҷֺ
ͷ˵󻰣ߡ
ҿ˭ͷҶתΪ䣬ͻȻҲľ֮⣬ʱӦҶϢ仯ħеϢҲ͵һ䡣
ô۷һδӦȴħҵضȻʼΣתۼͻΣݻһߴʮɵףҶϣȴ·Ҷһ±һ㡣
ۣл㽫Լ֫͵ҵҶħˬһЦ͵һּ䣬Хһ±㽫۽ħеһֱնϣ
⧲ۣһҽУһ˳ȥһ޴ֱȴԶħ֮С
㡭㾹ȻǹҽУĿıиҵ֫壿ۿš
ҶϿ֮һʹ÷Լȴĥ͸˲ϸ۲졣Ѿõ֫壬Ҳַۣڵˣ
˵֮䣬һ֣һ½һֱסϾһ½֮ڻ
һħ֮Щ˵ķҲ֮£һħ״ҶԭҰħ֮ں˳ƴݳȥ˾ϣħ˲仯Ϊħ𣬽֮ʬ֮Χͬħ֮жһ㣬΢ħ֮С
һʱ䣬ħռ̬仯ܵӰ죬ȴҲ֮˱仯һħҶԭҰħ֮д˾Уȴʹȫӵ˶
Ҷ㲻ϲ֪̾˴ԺԼԭҰеħ֮磬ֻҪʹþԶ취ޡ
һԽħеǿħ죬ֻƬ֮䣬ܶһķЩǿޱȵĳҲһԿɡ
Ȼ⡰١ǶԱ˶෨ԣȴǼʱͿ
仯䣬ħ仯ȴСγһģסϲԼȴʥħȵ϶ɣɢǿϢ
תҶ㱾˰СȴһҶϡֻ濴ģħڲȴ˸оСΡ
Ҷ䣬ħһ»˻ƶСΣһħٿȻ󣬱ʮɸߵľˡ
ܣܣ۷񱩽ţϵ֮ӿȴΪ仯һֱʧȴ޷أ˵Ϣ˲١Ҷ㣬͸ŭ֮ɫ
ôܣ㲻Ǹ߽֮Ȼնҵֱۣݻ֮չֳ˽׸ֵ㵽ʲôˣʲôˣ
漴͵̧ʱ֮Ҳݣ˲仯һֻצ͵ħץȥ
ʱҶȫӦħ仯ܵŲ΢΢ŭһƣ˳ȥ
һʱǹצ˸飬ȴҶһûϵһλ˽ǿߵǿһȻô
ԼͻȻǿˣ
˲䣬ԭ򡪡ֻڷצ֮ʱת˺ѿռ䣬˴ҴȥȴͷҲأ˲Զ١
Ť˷裬Ҷ㣬Ȼ˽׵ǿ߸ˣˣ
Ҫܵؽܹȫħ֮УħٴʱǶ棡
ôһ˵ʱȴͻȻͣɫȴҲӦħ˾޴Ӱ졭ɣҪΪҸоƺѾĳֽޡ
˵ţȻڵϣ̾ʼ
磬ҲоԼڵڣƺҪ仯ޱȶҶ㡣
ʱѩӰȴһԭأƬ֮󣬾ȻһХУȫӿݻһ
Ȼħ仯֮ܵӰ죬˲
ǳ֮һ£ʱﵽ˳ס
ãҶһͷǿԾϸظӦ仯ȡдͻƣҲ޷׷ۣΪħڱ仯ȴҪݻ
һ˵һֱӽħСɶСޱߵ֮Լȫħı仯
仯ţϵطڡַ֮Уħ鶼ܵӰ죬Ǿ͵ѩӰոս֮󣬾Ȼڣż޳֮ХһٴΪĽ֮
ˣһ·ȫ۷״̬չȥ
ʱһȴޱҲܵħӰ죬Ϊףϱ仯Ҳﵽ˾繮̵ĳ̶ȣһѾĽ׶һ㡣
ҲҪĻһ͵سħӰ֮£Գ׽Ϊף
ϵϢҲʼҶȻûгͻԭ֮Ǳ׳֮ȴһԾΪ۷֮޽ӽ߽ףʱжͻƵĿܡ
鲻ɸԷ̾¶ϲõĹâ
û뵽Ȼô׾ʹﵽ۷壬гɣ¾߽ܽף׻š
ȸͷԼȴ֪Ҫܴﵽ־磡
ǸҶѡǶԵģſڡ
Ҷ㣬һҪõʥźһʱ
ֻǵõ˰ʬ壬ǿ۵ֱۣЩޣҶħܸǴ޴ĺôҶĵõʥźֻжĺô
뵽˴ȴȫ̲ס
ƴҲҪõʥźʱǴһΪǿǿߣ


374 
Ҷοؿһڻ飬ͷħ仯
仯Ḷ́ȴǳһ֮á
һУҶ㽥оӢ֮øΪ׳Ǿջ۵Ϣ󣬽ɢһľ֮⣬âǣ֮£ҶԸо֮ϵ߻ۣҪħ
һȥħػ֮Щ֮СɲǼ䣬һ֮۵˾ϣһʱҵ۱仯ȴ۳һöӰСľӨҩ
ǡޱ˹һöҩ̲ס磬ҵö鵤񰡣
֮ΪΣΪʵγɵҩҶ΢΢ͷû뵽һȴþϹ޻ʵϹ޻ʵ˺ܶࡪϹ޻ʵƬ̼۳鵤ǿ飬ɵ֮УȴҪһʱǻصǵ֮УֻҪʮ۳һö
ǵҩзŹ⡣ʱеǣֻҪۣǾӵһʼĲƸֻҲҪУʱںϹ޻ʵ֮ǿ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ磬ͻȻ佫һӣʱ裬һ֮ʱϣҶ㽫һУ˻ħ趯κ͵һȴһ֧ҶС
ʲôޱشչ
þȡۺǲڿе֮֮ġڡҶһ˵һ߽ڽޱС
ޱӹֱֻ䣬һɾ֮͸˹Ҳɴ˸¡
аڣɾ
֮㲻Ӱ쵽ʹߡҶ˵ʹ֮ʱȥеʱᱬ֮Էɶ˺ȴ˲Է֮Уһʱɥʧս⣬־
⡭ⲻһ˲õķ𣿡ޱȵ˵
ǡҶһͷ˾ͨȴʲôȻСԸ˵ûʲôãͽʹãЧǺܿɹ۵ġ
ֹǿɹۣţڳ˵ѾˣʹǳһеĵͽףҲᵱѵõĺ÷Ҷ㣬ôܶķװ£ǿɾһ֧൱ɹ۵
Ǻ󻰣ǻȶʥź˵Ҷ˵ħõ˴֮ĽṹȴҲһҪ뿪¡ѾӦʥĹϢ͹ȥ
˵ţ͵һ½ħ˴СԶɶݶȥ
иڲţһΪħһλ˾׵ǿߣȴѸӦص֮
պҶҵһط̷Ӿ޴֮ƿĿռ䣬һѳС
һ˲һɾ޴Ҷ鲻Խ̧һ
һ֮ȴ紵ӣ˷ˬĿһƿֱۣȴһƬ羰硣
ʱħ磬ڸ߿֮УԱƮ֮紵һƬεڸ֮£һƬأϷ羰续ʻСˮҰڣȺ裬ȴ·ǻص˵ۼǴ½֮ϡ
ǿʿҲ޷УֻܽݷٷɣҶʱգվħ֮Уڿеģȴεħ硣
ħ绯̬֮ҶĸйҲ仯ȴ·һԼĻħɵġˡֱӸӦķ紵ɹůһԼػԼվħ룬ޱЯ֣ʮ
ҲзĶ֮ܣſ˵زɱˣҪôħ֮УҪôħκ϶ΪһӦ磬ȴ޷߼ˡ
ħ֮Լһ֣һийʱ˽ޱѩӰͬܣ·һ硣
ʲôطȻܣԶгУѵǻص˵ۼǵ½֮ϣԣۼǵϢͬоôһ㡣
һ򡣡ڸӦ֮󣬿϶˵ĸֱȵۼСöࡣ
һ򣿡ޱȵ˼˵뿪˵ۼǣһôܣֲʥˡ
Ҳָܡ׻ʱ˵ͷȷʵ磬еγɵϢκʥ˶ģ²ġ
ָоھ޽֮ϣ½֮һɡҶ˵ͷȻ¶ʵأ˻ǻþ޽Ϊȣ½СҲǰȫ֮
ȸҲͬʱͷ
ôܣޱȵشܣڵۼϣʥУôܡ
ҲţǰȴʵġҶ˵һ˵һ߸ӦΧȴ΢΢üá
ôˣæʡ
ҸӦʱĿռͨ·ˡҶ˵
Ҳ˵벻ˣɵۡ
ô죿ޱҲˡ
ȻȻ뿪ҶһЦҲõġܸӦʥĹڵϢ˵Ҳͨ·ǴֻҪҵһ뿪ˣ۲˵ǿ˵ʥǰУ൱һʹǿҲʥĹѰܽȻܳ
Ǳáޱһҿɲһټﰡ
ԶȷʵгСҶԶǹȥ磬ôҲǿߡڴˣȴУҪ֪һͬʱͨ˽һ磬ҲŵĴûᡣ
ħ绯ɵһԶ˹ȥ
䣬ѵǳǳؽҶ㲻뾪ףʲôͻţԿ̤ʵ֮󣬻ǳȥ
ħγɵŲǰǰһ·۲˳ȴۼȣȻ֮Ρ֮װвͬ˻ˣǵ˵ۼĻ֮һ㡣
ħΪΣ֮ѹ֮£ȴγƤģֻһǷҲ沿޷γ٣ֻݻһףȴǸܲ͸׵Ĺˡ
һȻԶԶرܿҸΪ飬Ի
ǰŵʿĹˣҲǳһžȻЩʶ֪֮˱֮ʱӭһ֣λкιɣ
ǾٵͨħڸйУޱͼλ޶ȴǺ͵ۼһԣɶеȺ档
ҶҲк棬˼һת䣬ԼеҲãۼҲãʥ򴫳ԲŻͬͬһ֮һ㡣
֮˰ˡҶ㻺͸ħ紫תɲϵǻΪ֮һλߡ
ǰȻǴǣҲ򡣡ϴŹЦݣߣְڣȴò
¡ڴʱһϵһλ׵Ĵ󽫣Գڿ첽߳ǰǾٺسǵʿæһ񣺡󽫾
Ӵˡħ֮дˣһЦҲƾļһˣҲûﵽҲ㲻ϣҪ˵ˡ
ѲǷȴ֣ңԵλǴ󽫳Ҷһ֡Ǵ󽫾ʸԺηкҪ£


375 
ﲻ˵֮ءҶ㻺
ô롣˸롱ƣڶȥ
Ҷ㻺ںУһҶҶȴһ֣ΪУ
ҲáһͷȴҶһͬУųڶȥһãУһ
Ϸ裬Ҷ㲢ûժ¡ͷ˼£Ҷһȭڿ˵˰ɣ
ǵĲʲôζأǲյȴ֮ġҶ㣬ҳһɡ㲻˵ѵõŵĻ𣿡
㵹һôôǿħڵҶ㱾ҡͷһЦħ绯ɵΣصġ֡ȥ볣һ㣬δκβԡ
ħֱӽǲˮУ䵽ǰһſڱȥƷƷζһЦҲûʲô̫رģֻǹ𣬲ϰߡ
Ҷ㲻ժͷһôȥ²յʱĲˮȻвɴΪȣֻΪһʲô˲õ̬ȴøΪ
һ׿æ˵Ҳ˲õķ֪ĹҳҹңǶûġ
ʵ˵ɡҶ˵ҲǴ֮ˣԵۼǡ
Ҷ˵̲꣬סӹͷԭѰʥźǿߣʧ
ԷȣԼĿģҶ㲻һôѵѾǿ˴
࡯ǡ΢΢һЦȴѾ֪ʥź֮£Ҳ֪ǿѰر䡣ҹʵ۱ѾʥּһĴ󽫾ͣҪǶԷа֮ȶǳ֣ȻҪԹ֮Դ
Ȼ£ҶȻ
ǿ֮ΪԨţԨŻӣδĻλ̳ŷұʮ֮ǰ񾳣Դʧ١һǰͻȻع飬ʥźϢ֪񾳾ȻͨǣͨԽ磬ǵʥĹõʥź
ŷұǻӣҶ㵹ǳһʱ룬һŷұȥ磬ܾʥĹڣ֮󣬲֪ƾԼ־ǽңֻصԼĹ硣
ΪʲôҪʥź֮ͨ£
һ˼Ҷ֪˱ͼıŷұӦûҪƵˣôӦƸ
˵ԨǿĹңҶʡôǷԨΪ𣿡
ȥǡЦһʥźϢɢȴҪˡԨŷڴۣһǿߣ˽ɰáٹĸŷҲΪ˽ǿߣ֣Ҳ֣ȴѾ޵СټŷұʥźϢ¸ֲѰҪ죬еηǵʵеʥźʼԾǵĺˡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ˼ת䣬ȴ˼һЦҪ£֮϶ΪһԼȴҪĴˡҪ󽫾Թ֮ԴߣģֹԨưԵİɣ
⡭ɫ΢΢仯
ȻŷұҪѰʥźĻᣬʹԼĸ׺͹ĸЯѹˡˣǵͳһΪһҲҪǿ֮⣬Ǹ׳ƳȻҪŷұʥźѰ߳ǡ
ԣǴ˽֣֮ưҰ֮⡣
㲻غ¡Ҷһ֣ħе̧趯𣬾һֽ֮ħֳ֮һԾ֮죬Ƭ̼һֱ֧˵ħ֮⣬ε֮С
һ̧֣ǷڷϣƵǰһСɾ⣬ֻĳġŷұԸǾɵУҪԨΪУȴ⣬ԸҲҷ㡣
ڣʱҲΪ⣬˳ֽ˹ɫȴһ䡣ԵظӦϵľ֮ħ׵ƻӦ϶Ϊһȴ׵ػɱԼƾǿߡ
ʹƾ۷壬֧ǰҲʱʧȥս⣬ֵ֪ܵںǿܽǿһºɻң
һվҶ㣬æʩ񣺡ǰôصôܣ
ʲôպáҶһЦֻʹһΣȴ׻ɱƾ۷ǿߡҿƾ粢ʮȹ̣֧ڣȴ㲻۷ǿߣؼʱ̣ܾһպðɡ
ȻƴǣֻʹȻҶôһ˵ͷСĵؽǷһļԱ
ǰİҹҿǰ˵
ԽԽáҶͷҲܿͻбǿ˴ʱƶֻ»
ǣæһ
Ҫϵĸ֮𣿡ħʡ
ءҶ˵Ȼ¹ϵŷұͲɲܡеĸǵȴǼΪ
Ҳԡ˼ص˵ͷ
ǰԵȣȥ׼һ֮󣬱Ҫ뿪
αôָ·ҴȥҶҡҡͷվһּ䣬㽫޿ռ֮Уʹ޶ݷ˲ǡ
ǡһʹÿռ֮찡Ȼǳ׵ĸ֣⡭ˡ·ܡ
Ҷһָ֣ǻʳǷɡ
ǣѣæָҶʱʹ޶ݷǰȥ
˵˵ǰɡҶ˵Ҫ˽⣬֪ΰǡ
æͷϲ˵
ԭǲһʮ߸ңԨ˿Ҳǿﵽǧ֮С˿ڲ򣬳ǳʮСȴֻʮһǱһ
ϣԹűһ֮أΪ񾳡֮ԳΪΪӹǿһУٲܻع飬ȴƱѺ֮ýһ㡣֮ԳΪ񾳡ΪرҲǿ߽нҵѺмջʵǴ
ˣؾȴְֺޣֺֿ¡
ŷұԨţ֮ʱ˵֮º󣬱Ĵ͵͵УȴһȥΪˣԨʹļף裬ȴҲ˶һȨ˽ףȴø
ǰŷұȻͻȻع飬Ҳ֪ʲôԨŷʵ繮̣ʹĸ˽סңɢʥźϢ𾪡
Ȥ֪ЩҶ㣬ħڻͷ˿ҵۼϵʥ֮ʣȴƾԼ˿ռͨʹۼǡǣͨͨȴ֪ǷбҲһĻֻһʥź֮սøΪҡ
ǿ˼ˡЦˣ㲻óˮԽԽãǿԽԽã
˵ޱһۡһֻҪ˽׸ˡһѾ㹻£ͬʱԸˣһ¦ǴһأҲûҵ
ҶͷǸҪǵ˵ƹ£Գ¡
Ҳɶͷ


376 
ǰǰ߾۶ݳˡ
һָǰҶȥֻһǺب֮ϣޱȣȻѰС
ãǱֱӵʹǰʡҡУע⡣ҶһͷɶǳУٵʳ֮ڣָ£һǰ
ǴΰΡ룬ң顰֡
˴ҹµ鷿˵²øɫֻ֣ϲ飬ƽʱʱ
ʵۣȴ־ȤͶҶͷۺøж
һƾճ֣ʱŻصĹˡʿǾУʿγһΧ
λҪţæ֣ǵسǴ󽫾
һλһȻҴ˽鷿õ
һ֣λǰǡ
˵꣬һȴԴд˳͵ãȴϲ¡¡
˵֮䣬Ż򿪣ŵȴǹһɿռ֮΢ַţŴ򿪣һţһһۣѮ߻
һռΧʾǿϡУ߳ߵǰƽ̨ϣԸ߽ΪҶ΢΢һЦ˹֡
λ֪Ǻηˣ΢Цʡ
ǰλۡæСҶܣǰڵۼ
΢Ǵ󽫾˵
ˣۿҶ㣬΢΢ͷһףλʹöݷȴֱѳ޲ܷ֣ɼر֮ҲȺ飬ȴδף½֮
ҶйȴתʱӦλĸ֣ԲͬλĽӽһͣסûгֵ˼Ȼڱۡ
ϵϢ꣬տռ֮ȴ׸֡ҶӦޱȣͬҽڲӿĻɽһ㣬һʱͻȻĸоȴӦ۷ĸ֡
һʣͬѧһ㣬ȴҶ㿴ü˳ۡ
ȷʵ½֮ϢȴҶ΢΢ͷħ֮Уͳһ˿߽Ϣڿо۳һߣƮƮ۶ȥ
һ˿ϢֱӴǰɢϢʱɢֻһ۱ѾӦҶչʾв͸ȵĹâ
޵һڵȺ򡣡Ҷ΢΢һ֣뵽һ𡣡
롣Ҷ˵ͷʰ׶ϣ֮С
һ֣㽫ŹرգؽҶ뵽ڡ
Ҷ㻺ǰŴãȴﵽܣذŹż²ᣬ鼮õͬԹһ㣬Ҫ̾Ϊֹ
ҹȥ뽨ôһ鷿ħ֮УҶ̲סޱ˵ϧȥûʵȴûʱ䡣
㽫ǧԼУҲͦãޱһЦ
ʱ䣬һħнһ鷿Ҷ˵
ֻʱ佨鷿ȴûʱ俴ɣٺһЦ
ʱ۽Ҷ룬ܸɵһУҶ£עħ绯ɵ֮棬ڣλֻ²˰ɣ
²µòҶ΢΢ͷҶ㣬ԵۼǷڤ
Сռ򣬼¡ҽ֮̾ʥźȻĪջֻ¾Ǹ֡Ҷһǰǡ
ֻҲм顣Ҷ˵ҵۼһӦûǿ˵ءϵǿ߻Ƽȴö֪۵׼
Ҷ֮ǰѽǵƶ˰ɣµһЦʵ
ǡҶͷԨŷұҵУʹչңȻƣ֮ǲҲҪɱԾ󻼡˴ԨҪٹĸǣ˵Ǻ£˵Ǻ¡ˣ֣Ұġ
ܵʵˣļλѣʱʱСʶԴ΢Цͷܵô˷ܣȻǾһλ߽׸ʵϲɺأֻһλ߽ǿȴ޲ӼһЩ
Ҫ֪ҪԵĿǿλ˽׵ǿߡ
Ͳʹ۷ˡҶ㲢˵һС֪һ֮ҪԿλǿߣδⲻ㡣۷ģҼȻˣǲԨٹĸ
ҶҲġ˵ʱСƵ£ǿߣСҲǿ֡ϾԼ֮¡
⻰˵óֿҶħ֮֮καȴɰеͷ֪ۼȷһ˾ӡ
֮ο£Ҷʡ
˱ȣ˱աһЦҲ˼عԸȴĻҵ͸ˡֻϧȴࡣ
ʿضࡣҶ˵ؼ֮ʱһͦӡ
СȻΪ鲻Ϊȫ֮ġ˵ʥźȻر֮ܵ¡㣬ȴҲֻԶԶ֮֮㣬ȴ̰ҪֵãϹڻҵΪ˸ʵӥȮǲſɳ֮
˵ĺãҶ֣صͷ۷ģҶĳȻһһŷұ˼ıóѣ
˶٣ʵۣһ䡪񾳾ôһؾֱǰҿЯֹ֮ǰõʥźǵļıȴơ
񾳣Ī⣬û˵澿Ρ˵ȴ̽Ťռ䣬仯ֻ֮а˽׵ǿ߲ܴݽ֮ϣǧ֮ҲֻԨŷںٹĸŷ츳ˣﵽ˽֮˵Ƚ񾳣ǲܡ񾳱Ԩڣǿг룬ֻʱͻ
ԭˡҶ΢΢ͷ
Ҫ񾳣ȴȺԨӴһͻȴˡ
ڴʱȴй£ԨʹҪ¡
Ԩʹڣ΢΢üվҶһ񡣡ڴ˵ȺСȥȥ
󣬿첽뿪˴һȥһ沼ȴǻĻ͵á
ҶУһңԶȴѲסʱӼĿħħߵ˲㿴ǵһС
ڣһλʹֺظֶ¼ݵ¹񣬶ֻһΪ񣺡ۡ
ڸ̨֮ϣͷŽµʹߣ΢΢üԨԶΪ£
Ȼʥź֮¡ʹ˵ҹӹرϢȴҲʹǸһͳ֮ơѱ̬Ըһһ̽񾳣һʱٹĸ̶ͬٿͬ˴ᣬͬ˺ͬˣһ񾳣õĪô
ͬ˴᣿ü
պҹ۶ھУʱۡǿ߶ᵽۿɲҪȥˡʹٴһ񣬡³ˡ
˵ţҲȼ¿ڣת󲽶ȥת۳˴Զ
ʲôͬ˴ᣬǽۼһһѹգƵͬͶ°ˣһŭѹƲסһƽǰĵ÷顣
۲õǡ
ʱҶȴȻڴ֮Уֶ΢΢һЦڣ֤ͬ˻᲻ɢ


377 ֮
¿Ҷ㣬΢΢һЦɡ
۲ңҶЦʡ
ŷŷ˽׸⣬ŷұλһλ߽׸֡˵˵ò죬ħ֮ʵߣиһ񵶣ޱߡ
ʣҶĿһŷұֶΣȻԼˣ
ͬʱҲһ˵ˡħ֮˵ϣħڵģ֮УҲȱħ֮Ϣ
뵽ԼӦϢҶȴȷ֮ǰһ²⡪Ϊʥӡħ֮ʹۼ˲ŵ㡣
СǣСҲô೬֣ɼħͬޣͬһ磬ﵽ߷壬˲š
Ҷʶʡ
ǾʶҶ΢΢һЦǿڵҲұص֮
漴ͷһתδ㣿
и֣ϸԨ۶ڳǡ˵ʱ£࿹Եȡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷٶ˵ʲôֻһ֣ޱħ˳ڼǰ
δޱҶţǳ׾繮̵ĸ֡λ飬ʱ档ֻҪ֪ĸǳ۷壬һǳ׾繮̣һǳĽףǾ繮̡ܿôе˰ɣ
Ҷôһ˵²¶֮ɫ漴ޱʺãתҶ̾ҶȻһ߾ȻôڣŷҲѾ˽ףֻŷһ֮
䣬ȴ¶
֮ǰȾһμʽʽʢʱ䡣졢ءȣ֮󣬼¼ϹǿߣҶһͬһʱϵһĳǳ⡣
ڣλ֣һȫԴ˽ǧʿһֻ˵Ķ飬ƺƵƺˡ
Ԩĵ۶ڳǡͬ˴㽫УСʴ˴ףȴ֪ܷ뿪ָǾ޴ĳǳظпš
ʱ졢ء棬ȻǴ˱֮ģȾ𡣡Ҷ˵־γ²ɣ
Ϊɡ¿˿Ҷ㣬һЦ
˵ţȴһ֧Ҳ˹ֱӳ֡Ƕӵһ˽һִĵºǺһЦ˰֣ⲻÿе
ȴ;һµЦ
ۣμӻȴô˴δ㰡;ЦʣһʣһԳŮץζ㣬УԼȻûа֮⡣
;ۡһλ󽫾ɫһöͬΪһ֮˴˻ǶЩΪáҹԻȴ㲻δʧ;ɣ
壿;ЦһһССĳӣҲʲô壿Ҹ㣬֮йһɶ仯ɿͳһϳ۹ɴŮ۹ִͬƣҲãǹҲã˳ʲô壿
Ǵ󽫾һ͸м֮ɫȴһ֣;ۣʶǰȥ
˳ǰȴʱŵĽȻƾȴֺһڳ֣޾ɫָʹõس𣺡Ҳ̫£֮ʣôʲôҪ𣿡
һʳУǱҪ̡һλ󽫾üش
˵̶ӣŽЦҲֻдۺŮ۲ǣãԽˡۣڽԽ룬Щֻȡбǣ඼Ҫڳ⣡
һλʱҪȴһ֣ѡһҽȥ
λĽʱǿľѡˣżһС
֮ٽ˰ȴţʱݷѵ۾ڻع֮ȴǲס̾ϢȻûκջ
תۼ䣬֮ձ
һգƼڵ۶ʳ֮У˵ʢ̶ظ裬졣һλλڲµĴӵ֮£ʳĹ㳡֮ϣ²ڣԼĻǽãԨʳ֮С
Ԩٹɳ˴ĸֳ䵱оǿɵĹάָӰڷϯúʮλ۱㶼ڵں󷽣ĸڸ
Ҷħ磬¶ü¿ʱһ˵װһñӵסڼ󣬴Χ
ʮλȻȴԲԨŷںٹĸŷѵ²ҡͷȴ֮ҵҲѾǵ³һ㡣
£ҸյõϢһλ󽫽۳һߣ˹ԨŷڲǰȻƪ˵еķӰҪλ֮Уŷұ
Ӱ²Ȼɫһ䡣
ʲôҶʡ
Ǵ˵֮޵еǿܻӰףʹ֮ʱʱɲµش΢΢˵ǽǧǰʥǿķȻʥ˷ȥ֮ȴʥ˵ǱԨ۵õô꣬Ҳδ뾹Ȼڽʱա
Ȼǧǰʥ˷ԭ㲻ú¡Ҷ㵭˵Ԩǰ˽ףϾʥˣα첻ʥ˷
ʹʥ˷ǿʮ֮һҲԺɨˣ̾Ϣסҡͷ
ôǴ㡭Ҷ㿴̽ʡ
֪֮ΪΪ֮һࡣѪҲ֪зڵģ
ãҶ㻺ͷ۷ģδӰȴŽѹȴ̫
⡭²ÿɷֻǵ΢ЦȻǾҶǿǿֻ̫꣬ܰ󻰡
ʱһȴԴ׸̨ϳ֣ǰ˫֣΢Ц·
һӽףݵ̨վɢ˵ǿϢ
ӦϢɫ䡣
ǶʮȻȫǳǿߣ
κһﶼǹж󽫾ְ֮֮ˣԨڣ˾Ȼֻ
ӵ֮µˣɫ仯ɵһЦ
ҶȴͷֱӿֻийٸӦ
ˣ֮һκɵŷұ
ҶӦǶʮϢֻǵϢȣʱʱȻǸոսûжáǳǿߣȻҲӦóԽˣȴԽ˾ģ˸оЩŷұع֮һͬʱġ
ôζŷұ˽
ȴʲô£
ԭͬ뷨ʱŷұʮȴȫ˾⡣
λŷұᱧ˱ȭҲϲ˵ϻˣλǰΪ£λѾΪѰʥź˵Ĵӣ֮ͬͬͬˣ϶Ϊһɸǿͻ񾳣õʥźǶԴҶкô¡
˶٣ȴͻȻһת£ȴƺ˼ԡЩӦǴǿ߹ᣬ̵ʥźġˣֻ֮Ϊаɣ
ɫ΢΢仯
ûϵŷұʱһЦ۽֮ǰ˭ʲôģֻҪղ˽𺦴棬˳ɽʽôһж˵еܣֻ֪λֻҪͬͬһõĪô


378 
Ȼʱеͷʾͬ⣬˵ʲô泱Уȴؽܵǧָ
ѰʥźǴ£ҵȱŽһģв֮ˣʥźȥ
ʱͬЭ֮ʣ˭£ΪУ
֮ʣվ˳ŷƨ˴ܵõϢȫԨӵ֮Ԩٹĸһľ֣ȴӦΪ𡣡
ԣѰʥź֮ϣǱǵָӵǲвߣˣ޺ã
ҿô˻ᣬͳһִ;۴ʱͻȻվ˵ʮ߹д࣬СƵͳһһǿͳΣ˶ʡһǿУҲִ֣ͬԿ֮Ǻ£
⻰һڣȴüĬ
Ҷ㲻΢΢ҡͷƨĵϡ
ô˵ʡ
ʱδɣԳϲ֮£λȻɾ塣Ҷ˵ֻ»ʱлϵӦ֮ȽѱϣԨۺٹĸִʱ䣬ѹη岻̸֮ʱˮɡ
ȻŴԣŷұ΢΢ü;˵ЦˡĸҽͬˣΪ룬ʲôϲͳһ֮£ͲҪ˵˰ɡ
;һæʩ񣺡ǡǡǣСһʱֱڿ졭
źȥٶ˵ʲô
ڴʱׯϵ𣬽ţһһŮλŻ߻̨֮ϡŷұʱʩ񣺡ʣĸ
ʮ꣬ʮӣüãһ۾ϣƳ룬ɷǣŷұĸԨŷڣŮӿֻʮӣʵҲѾʮ꣬Ƥ𪣬дϣŷұĹĸٹĸŷѡ
ŷұĿУ֮⣬ͬͷ
μԨۣٹĸƨûĶԵ;۴ʱæվŶ˹ʩһصӷ·ǳüдΪм
ȴҲʮʱֱǰʩ
ЩСۡ¶Ҷ˵ʵ΢ǿԶѹµ޷ֿԶ˸棬޷ֿɥʧ֮¡
΢΢һЦŷ˵λԶˣɡ
ŷѵĿɨЩûʺߣԼ͸һ˿֮ɫʹ۸о
˵ĺӡŷڼ˵Ҷʮǰʧ񾳣˹˾޴ƸʥźϢǽҪ˵װǧ֮ǰҲһȷǿ߱ٹĸöֻ˽֮ǿߣǲٲֻܽȴһһ
ǰۣͬһۣЩȴԡޡԳƣȴƺѾЩ˿Լĳӡ
ŷҲ˿ڡֽȴ֪֮оȻ֮ͨ·ҽڶΪʥź֮ϡǿߣһģֻᶼ֣֮λۣȴӲѱū۵ˣ
һȴɳ˼
ԨٹĸƳϾԱԭأϾҲǰݵԼǰǿ߹䣬ȨɥֻҪūˡ㲻ˣʶǿ߳ƳҲһ۽ܲ˵¡
û;վ˳ʱ˵Ϊ˳ֻȴҪ˵ǰ䣬ڻˣڴ֮ʣǶҪŽһ²ǰ
ǣʮͬһʩĴҲŽ
ʱԨۻ̧֣;ʱ죬ʾʮҲ
ֱһ˵Ĺºһ
֮£ٹĸֻԾۡŷ˵һжҶŷұҶʮ꣬ɾһ湦ʥźʥĹܣɴλɴҵ
˵ţͻȻڿһץһ¹ʱץУһ¹ϣ˲۳Σһ¹סܰȫָҲǾϸޱȣͷȴ·һ˰㡣
Ϊ½ɹġӰŷ˵ձ㽫㣬Դ˷ݺ£úôҵõʥź
лʣŷұʩ΢ЦҪȴӰ
·ۣһɫ΢䣬͸¶Ľ֮ɫȻӰǼɵּǿĽ
ʱһȴͻȻ͵ش֮У̲ס˺սڵʵߣֱһţսľֹһء
˴󵨣ŷںŷѵɫʱһ䡣
Ӱöö۳˵أĺ÷ʵˣⷨ͸۵ģáãǱ㽫˷˫ַϣۣ۱֤һȫˣȻһҪ
˲䣬һ紵֮УһߴӰǷͻȻֳ˷ɫ԰ֽһڵ׽˿Ļۣһͷʹ͸ɥʧ־ľ֮⣬ߴɣͷֱ˴֮
ۣ
ʲôˣ´һҶȴĿһ룺ۣȻͻȻ˵ѵԣҸоϾڣƺʲôѵҽ֮ĥ֮÷ȴ֮ѧΪ
ѵѾ绯ħһķ
ʱһ֣ʱɶߵˣȴǵҶ㽻ֵλ齫
һ߾һԣǿԶԶܿʱ׼֡
ôĿŷѳۣҲǳһ漴ŭһʲôȻҵҰ
СѾͷոս˽ףΪԼ޵ˣ۶ŷѣٺһЦ䣬о֮ȥŷ΢΢˸¡
󵨣ŷɫһ̧֮䣬֮ӿͻȻ仯һ¹⣬ͬһһ㣬۷ȥ¹⽣Ӱ֮УֳһڷӾ֮
ҶȴȻһ¹ǽСɻȻѹŷӰ㷨ȴԭģһϵ
ŷѴʱɫҲѾָһӣڴ˴Ұ㽫ɣ
˵һӳ䣬ȴǷһչ⣬ԹΪ¹⽣۴ȥ
չ֮Уһչ磬ֻ΢΢ȴȹ̣Ҷ㿴˱֪Ϊŷ½˽ײã绹̵Եʡ
ȴһЦİ˽׸֣Լ߽˵ȴҲԶˡ
˼˼۹ЦͻȻ̧һ֮϶Ϊһǰ۳һ޶ܣǶХߣȴǻһУַ·һڡһһ⽣ϣʱͱС
һʱ䣬Ǿ޶ܾҵƺڵ
˼ҲǶܣֻŷŷѣͷˣе޵¹⣬Ů޵ȴչ⣬ߵΪΪͬǵĸĸȻ뵽ֻ֪֮ںδǳ뱾۶࣡


379 ս
ŷâ֮䣬Ǳھ޶֮е¹֮ȫɱ
ɱ㣡ŷۺŭ⣬ȫ߶֮Ǿ޶еչ֮ʱ¹֮һþ޶ܲס
˼ϣһе˼ƲסǾ޶ܣ΢΢ͷûаη֮⣬ֻĿȷŶһ˿ضѡ
̧һֻ֣ڿץ˼£ʱһϣ۳һŹǹ飬һɢɭ֮⣬ĿɨеߣҲη֮ⲻǰ
ǹ֮Уһ磬֮ڣޱȹ̣ʱԳ۵ĸ
Ҷ㾲ؿţһ˵һԣȴ֡
ǵˣƴһ˵ˡ
һɣ۱ʱ֮޶֮У͵¹⽣չ⽣ײһǹſ޿ڣݺݺ˺ҧһҧϣԼȴҲľơ
ɢ֮ɢǾ޶֮Уʹ޶֮Ϊ̣ȴһҲû˷Լ
ʱЦһ͵ؽ޶һӣСС̫ˣñչã۱һ°ɣ
޶ʱһشӶ佫úȻѣשɢԶ
۵ЦӶ޴Ŵıɨȥһڵæ˶ȥȥ㽫ٻ˸ɾ
齫ʱֲ֮Уȡһ⽣ɢЦעڳۡ
λ齫߽ǿߣһϾڣĿⲻơ֮УжΪ߽ǿߣﵽϼҲˣһȴ޷λ齫Կ
ʤڶ࣬;ȻΪ˲ôȴҲǿߣʵߣʮˣҲǳǿߣһȴҲѹ齫
Ȼû򽻵ľ飬齫о⽣Ϸľ֮⣬⡣δɣһȴδͬģγǿĶ齫Կ
齫ͬȻȱݣۣһģݿ࣬˵
λ֮ƣҪһȫֶԵУλڵ֣ŷұһֱӰ֮ϣӰʱһ¹⣬ϡ˲䣬廯˽ɫǲս𣬶¹һ䣬ǽγɫսսһɣʱɢ쳣
ҪһһԸЩֵˣ;ʱվ˳ȣȴûǰɱ˼
;ۣһϣŷұһԾ¸̨;һ֡
ҡ;ɫ仯ȻǺԼ˵Ƿﻢ£ͷĻŷұһԼûùӳԣͷĻԷ߽׸֣εƣԼǰʲô
⾿Σ齫ȴһȳͷҪ˵ţ⽣͵һӣһʮɳĽ⣬ֱ;ۡ
;ۺݺҧ޿ɱ֮¿һʱһȭǰȥϸֳһͭޱۣ˲仯ӰСȭͷײǽϡ
ȭͷֻ֧Ƭ̣ʱնϣƥҲƵĽӶ;۹ֽж
ʱȴλ齫ͬʱ⽣˾Ĺâֱӹ;۵壬λִĵҽһ˲䱻ָѪһأôˡ
ŷŷѣȫסۣţʱȴû˵ˡŷұȴ֪ǻᣬʱ۸ߺλ˰ɣŽᣬ;³
˵ţ֮âһȴͻȻֱֱ붯֮䣬ȻһռУ֮вѺۣˡ
һ¹֮УѺǿռз·˲תŵ¡
Уһǰ˱˵¹ռзй
СѣҲȥһ߽ţһ߻Ǿ⽣ųһնռС
Ϊҡɱ硯ôƵ𣿡ŷұ͸һ׹⣬С׹֮Уڸ֮ƮΣȴܵʥ֮ĸȾѬգõĪӵҲҪʵǱڵۼϻ֮޳ʱԴ˵Ӱ߽ǿУҲˣ
͵شһֱȭڿһǰ˵ռ¹бʱںһ壬һ±ɢĽ⣬ȥػϣֱӽ߽۷ǿߴú˳ȥ
ǿٵŷұȻ
λϣŷұţЩһﲢߣ۳ɵ飬ʥĹΧе飬֮֮Ϻõķ
⻰һڣĶ齫ǿϾֻˣǺȴʮλǿߣŷڡŷѵֵסۣŷұǣȴмʤ㡣
δ㣿Ҷʱʼ¡
еǰȲŷˡɫأôҲԼˣǰЩһȴ꣬аħɱ˵
˵һƣǿ֮ӿȴǵһŷұ齫ɱȥ֮£½ǰŷұĶ顣
Ҷȴͷ壬ʶ壬µǱʡҪһԶĻˣǵľѡ
ɳԶˤڵϵ˼ºȴȫϢмһءݺݵҧŷұ֮ȴٲŵ
ʣµĴ齫״ҲʱһһΣŷұȴ޾ɫȻͬʱӽʮɳľ⣬Ľһŷұնȥ
ƣŷұ𣬰˱ۻӶִһСɱ硱ͬʱüĴһֻ¹ۣ֮͵һŭߣȴǴȻ䣬ɱһײǽ֮ϡ
ƣ෢𣬷ŷұһ𹥻⡣ޱȫһȻ㽫ǽơ
ʱ󷽵ĿͻȻһâţһƬˮ𣬻һŻȴͻȻŻ˳׹⣬ϹЦһ֣ʱϹ޻ʵһնıϡ
һˣЦȴϹ޻ʵõʳ
ʣڳˡҶԶԶʣȴ΢΢һЦ
֪еǿߣȻ½棬ȴֻͣʱʹþʱֻȼ١ˣսʱʣȴһҲе֣Ѿ׼ʱػڹؼʱ̳֣Ϲ޻ʵ顣
֪һôΪʲɵӣΪŷƴӵо޴飬Ҳ׷Ź
֮Ϲ޻ʵ鵤ҩ֮ʿۿ߽ǰвֵĵ
ʱץסᣬһֱǱɱ֮ҪһնɱȫϹ޻ʵڣʱϹ޻ʵܷųΪǿ顣
ʣڳˣҵʱˣҶ֪ʵֵ֣֪ز㵽ʱԲԼ֣ʹѣԼȴһ׷ϡ
ˣҲˣ
˲䣬ħ֮Уħ绯֮⣬ʹκ˶
һǰ㵽ǰһȭʴȥ


380 չ
Ȼһλֵĸ˲ԼǰܽгԼݣʲɳһܵؽһᣬնȫֵһȭ
û뵽һȭȴֻƺˣȭӰһαʧյط֮ʣҶȴѾһѽ˵ڵء
˲䣬һʥħ˳Ѿ˵Уһջħ֮Уѹ
۾ңֻüһҽУѾ
㣡ۼԼòôûᣬҪȡ˵ǿߣȻҶߣ۷ź⣬𣺡ʲôˣڶʳ
ҶЦһʣֻɣ
ʱȴδڸǣֱ¶ʱŴ죺㡭Ҷ㣡
ǣҶһǰּ䣬ȻȾڿ趯װХ֮ʳȥ
ôøǿˣʾţƴϹ޻ʵֵһӴ㱻˫۷飬һУ˴ֱӱ˳ȥ
ãҶһеƣȴһü漴һʱ𣬷·Ǿ֮һ㣬ץ˹ȥֻӦʹ˳Լȥȴж֮⡣
Ҷ㣿ŷұʱʵľУߣһʱĿأȴĴ齫͵һԾ߶·ǻһ¹⣬˲͵Ҷ㱳󣬰˱۴»ԣݺҶ
ʣǺɱţоˣôɱǱ
ãü䣬Ϲ޻ʵ˾ƣ·Ҫƴһ
ϮҶȴСӣһתȥֱӳŷұɱϣֻһ飬㽫ɱֱӳ÷顣
ţһŭ˹
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷŷұȥҵĶ֣ڸҵĶ֡ΪֻʥĹΧеõĪô𣿡
һȴǹֱӲһʣǹ߱ѳ㡣
㡭ŷұʱȴյؽһ
ȴԭ֮ǰֻƣҪȫһʵȴǽϹ޻ʵ֮ȫʹݷҶԸŷұʱһ¶ߡ
ӣҶһӵõ𣿡
ʵϢѾȫ·ߣһʱ׷ȥΪˣĴ󽫣ͼпܻŷá
ŷһΣȻģԼѣΪһϹ޻ʵ£Ҷ
ʱȴҲתͷסҶ㣬͵һԭ㣡Ҷ㣬㺦Һÿడôȴնһֱۣ˳𲻹죡
һ˽Ծ
ŷŷѸȻһҶ㡣
ʲôǿޱȵۣȻնһֱۣ
´סˣؿҶ㣬һʱȴ
նϹǿһֱۣôжǿ찡ѹ˵˽֮£ѹ˵ѹӰ
ۣ㲻ҲõĪĺôҶ㿴ۣȻЦҴȥһֱۣǿħ֮Ҳ˽֮ɱ仯֮Ҳѧ˽Ϊ㷨ҲǴõ˺ô
סڣ֮󣬷֮־ͨ˽תΪ֮ӶѳеķӣȴҲ޷Ѿ֪ʥź֮ձǺ÷۹ȴ㣡ٴѹ۲£ȴ뱾ºޣձ۾ɱ˵
һָĴ齫ɱ
Ĵ齫֮⣬ͬʱеľ⽣ҶݺնȥʱĵƥҲƵҶ㡣
Ҷ㿴ҲЩһۣһ֣ˣݺݵγĵ֮Уͬ磬һ˲㽫ĵ飬ڱпȴ·ֻһĵ⡣
̫ˣ۲ɾ˭ôҴû
ŷұɫȴüΪѿһ»¹Ծصŷŷߣҧ˵ʣĸǵۼϷڤҶ㣬ҵУǾţһѶԸȴгǲ֣֮
ŷҡҡͷ۲Ǽ򵥽ɫֻ㸸ȫ֣Ҳܺƽ֡
ԸҪ֮Ҷ㣬Ȼ֮ʣǲн֮ɱĻᣡŷұһ󷢺ݡǱװۣвʹֻǵȻһɱ
Ҷ֮áŷڻͷ̧һ֮𣬽ݻһ֮Ρ
ŷ˫һ裬϶һ磬ȴֻص磬֮ܽɾ̬ȴԱŷࡣ
ۣŷұʱһҶĳңҲҵУҶɱϱΣʥĹܣʱһͬ񾳣ʥ֮Ǻһ׮
ãһ˼˵ͷֻҪɱҶ㣬һж˵
Ҷ˫һЦ֪˫ǸĻֻ̥ʱҪ֮ս
ҡҡͷŷұѰ·Ϊϣұǣ
ͻȻ䣬йâһħ֮бѹ齫ֱӱ飬˹ɽħ֮Уħе֮ʱٶߣҲʱǿ
Уһ̧֮䣬ħħ֮ϵħӿ˲伯ɹ򣬶ޱͬʱħ
Ȼ֮Уħڱֱֱŷұȥ򵱿շ裬͵رһ۳ȥ
Ȼһ֮ս˫ڳ۾ôǲ𣿡
ҲΪҶһѺ͵شһʿҶǵѣΪǶսԹۣƴҲҪϣ
Уӿžһ۴ȥ
Щĳ֣ʱҲطȭƣۡ
Ĵ齫ȴͬʱɱ˹𽣹⣬Ҫȭ֮
ЩЩСʲôһЦͻȻ̧һγɣ˲ɢ޴ޱȵ漴㻯һɳľ޽ٻžնȥ
Ѿ۳˷ѵ㲻ɣ
У޽ײһʱһ죬֮ɢСΧγ˾޴һڵֵطӣ˴УãӣУǻҷ𰡣
ڴʱħѾᵽŷұǰŷұȫֵֵŷŷҲһһŷұߣһȫӽնһ˫ƣ˹
Ȼײһʱֱ棬һڲ±Ҷ㣬ȭ֮Ѿ޽ײĲ䣬ʱħŷײȴһ¾ͱ˳ȥµ˵ӳɺƮȻأȴˤһأʮǱ
ǿ̫ǿˣ¾㵵Ҷ㣬ͷû뵽ȻǿߣȻһ֮ͬʱԿ֣ѵǳŽ׵ǿ߲ɣ
ʱҶͬʱԿǿߣȴҲо˾޴ѹѹ෴ޱȿѹΪֻѹʹɸǿĶ
飬Ϊã
˲䣬һתϵӢ֮ʱȻֱӲ绯ɵľ޽͵֮
ãɫһ䣬һ


381 
ķȻ֮۾֮ɫؿҶ㣬ҧгݡ
Ϊ֮У۶ɣһҶ΢΢һЦо仰˵úá˽ģȴԼˣ˽⣬ȴҡ
˵һֻǽ編籾ۣ
ΣҶ˵ħִҸ衣Խǿ֤Խǿ
۸Ӧ޽ϵرҶľɫȴѿ˼㡣֪ٴȥѾû壬Ҷ·ǽ֮֮ڱѩȫԼĿǣǰԼһҲӲʲô
ŭһȴ͵ؽһǾ޽ʱһ磬ѳ˾Ĳƣתɶݶȥ
ӣҶһȥ
ڴʱĴ齫ͬʱҪĵںһն
һ棬ŷŷѡŷұˣҲʹһʱ֮ڣ֮⽻ԣȴħڹ˻
Ҷ΢΢üȴ׷ۣһӾĵס͵һʷٰһħڵĹȥ
Ҫʲôħڽŷڲһ
һ֮䣬ȴѾħڵĹϣ˲䣬սǹ֮Уȴ˶۵øΪܣͬΪʵһס̲֮ѹȴһ塣
ħҶһʱ۳ɵľһ»Ĵ齫ȥ
ƣĴ齫ͬʱ⽣ǹ⽣δ⣬Ѿħֱ𣬾ħһ쳤ƶȥ߲¹㽫Ĵ齫һס͵ȡϾ޴֮Ȼһħ֮С
ħڣҶֳƣħһʱ㽫Ĵ齫ͬʱ飬˴֮תֱħաħڵϢʱһ䣬֮ڶӰ죬øΪǿ
ãŷұʱɫҰףˣסŷŷѡ
ʣĸλ߽׵ǿֻ֮ǾĶ֣ŷұ˵š㿴۰վһߣһֻ»иǿһ㣬ȥʱǱǴȥӣ
ô죿ŷʡ
ǿĸ֣ѵŷȴȻ
Σһ֮䣬㱻ߡŷұ˵ѵǻѳԽͨ˽֮𣿡
ʲô˶һϸȴֻܳϡ
ʲô֣һŷŷѶˣ൱ҶһУ㽫÷ɶݶȥҶжǿ
ʵȴˡҶǿҲûǿôزֻҶľ仯ȴ֮ǣ۲Ųòӡ
ʵ֪
ʣĸˣŷұʹӡ֮Ӱ֮ʱʹﵽ׳̶ȣԿƿռ֮˲ʹݷλԶݶȥͬʱ˵ǸɴඪЩܣҵʥźʱǻþǲҶ㵽ʱǰҲֻһֻССϣôô
ҲգŷںһٿȻ䷢ʱΧӿ֮˲ŷұŷԶݳʮԶ
ʱħе仯ŽͣϢҶأŷ˶ߵķ΢΢ҡͷ
ʡȥ֮ͬħжޱ˵Ҳȥˡ
Ҳȥɣޱ˵
£ʼգ˽һԵ˵Ҷ΢΢֡
У˼£ζӣعӭȥһ񣺡ҶǰȴСˡСϲҶ־Ȼǿ˵ز
λҲ£䲻ǰҶ¶ƶЦݡ
һλһоۣһлɱλ߽۷֣һŷõ˭ҲʱҪЩҶ°ݣֻҲˣ
ۣҶĳδˬǰԼɣҶ㿴ż£΢΢һЦ
Ȼ֣صͷʩһ񡣡Сʴ棬ʼѪлҶ
λҶתۣ˵֪˻ڣλвãʵǰȷʵֻǺһСǣʵҲǡֻ֪ΪھʱҲˣͨ󿪣֮ȴǲɡ
ţ޲ͷǡ
緽ţɱλȺףԸŷΪ飬ηǰϹۣǿֳ֮ȥԼͷ˵ˣȴսȫǿУԼһԡǵһˣˣȴͳһĹң֮Ե·˵ʿѹ˵ǿߡԵ·ߵȨλԿ棬ѹߵȨλȴҪ֮͡
ͷƵ
һ顣Ҷ˵ۼ£Ϊʺ֮磬λҪˣһ£˾д棻ǿߣҲͲѹˣרȨ裬λȴƷ
˵ţһ֣ԾڴˣλԼðɡҶĳǣ
У¼æǰҪ֮𣿡
ǡҶͷѸӦʡۣŷڵ˵Ϣһȥ񾳰ɡҪ׷ǣһʥźǡ
Ҷ㻷ˣ΢΢һЦλǲҪᱦ֮İɡ˴βᱦ֮ˣҲҶĳ㾳磬ߣܱۡŷڵ˻Ҫǿ󣬸λҪԶ̰
һ֣ҪߣѿڣĪ⣬δʶȴҪְ֮ԴСΰɡ
¡Ҷһָˡ
޷һЦСֲŷڣһųư¡ʱգ֮£ȴӺ飬ǷСʵҲνСʼ˶Ƿһ飬ȴҪСģҪСɡ
ҲáҶͷʹ۴ҵһ⣬ֻ͵Χá
룡¹һȴԼʹݷҶǰ׳
ҶһЦּ֮ӿֱӽħ֮СۿȴҶ㽫һڣһ
ҶҲǣʱʩչħ֮ɶݶȥ
½ħ֮Уۼ磬ħɴһȼ֮ʱǾſڽ֪࣬˵ʲôźá
ôϣû𣿡Цʡ
˵֮ей²˰Ѻæ񡣡˵Ҳֻ˵ʥ֮еʥޣֻż˼䣬˼ס벻벻
һħȴҲԾСҶħ磬ȴԭħ簡Сʲδ˵ħ߿Դﵽ̶ֳȣȻͬʱôħ񣡡
Ҷ㵭һЦ˵ʲôֻǻּչʾͼΪָ·ҲҶ˵ģСĹָ·úԨһƬҪפ֮ɽأڶȥһɽȡ
ɽ֮Уңҷɣռ䲻ȣ֮˸о
ˡ˵


382 ʥĹս
Ҷħ֮ϻ䣬ɽȥһߣħڵıһ½̸˵ռŤңҿ˵Ȼգȴʮֿ¡
ֻ񾳵㣬㲻񾳡˵ռȻŤǷͨ飬ɽСڵĻֻʿԽ룬ԽȥȼҪԽߣͨ·˵нȴֻа˽ǿ߿Խ롣
񾳴˶ãޱ̲סʡ
ԹűС˵ʷϼصڣҲǧ˰ɡ
áޱһͷȴ̲סҶ㣺磬ôǸȥʥ˵ˣǵۼˣأ
޴ӵ֪Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ˶ãɢȴӦ¡Թ˺ãؾҲãӦǿ߲̽õʥźǡ
µͷʥ֮޿ƥУܴ漣֮ͨȴʮǿ߿¶֮¡˵ʥ˼ȲǵۼˣҲˣǵǿߣֻɢʹͨһˡҶΪۼؾʥĹڣǻΪʥĹء˵ǣʲôؾʥĹ֮С
пܡҶͷһЦۣѾӦһ˿ʥĹڵϢȴ·ͷˣذɡ
ڣһͷΪ
Ҷֽͳħ磬һ֮ػסƽ͵ɽ֮⣬ųħ磬һ·ڶȥ
˳ϢԽȥռŤ֮Խ˰ʱ֮ҶȴӦΧѹһǿ֮ħ磬ħޱȣֻͱ֮ͬˡ
ǵڰ˽׵ǿֻ룬ֻʱͻᱻĳһ룬õŷұһƮһ󵽴磬õģܾŶˡ
ǰԽԽо޴֮˺ϢŨҴҶȴоǽ˼һ㣬Ҷ𣬲ϳħ磬졣
ײȥǿķҲѺ۰̾ţҲħɡ
ֻǰ˽ǿߣ֮ߡҶ˵ѾӦЩȫ֮ͨƣȴһҪײ˵֮䣬ӿħɢǿ֮ʱһƬƽ˾
棡пʲôʱҲܴﵽ˽ףʱҲֿ֮ζ
֮ħƿһͻƶһƬص֮Уܣеֻֻ
ȴʥĹڡ
ҶҲ˵ʲôֻѰʥϢһ·׷ٶУһƬĴ֮ϣͻȻħ磬һͷżӲʯײȥŵҶ㣬ʲô
ޱѩӰҲЩ£ȴޱҶ㣬һҶ½ۣһҶһͬļơ
գ֮䣬ħײϴأȴûеĺǷ·ͶˮУΧһȴһ֮С絽ǻҰɫɽɽݴ鲼Ⱥзɹһ
ϣйĲԭȺɽȵɳĮԶԼԼ󺣡Ǵ֮ϣ޻ڣһȻ
Ƹ޷Уڸ졢ɽڵӹˮŵ㲨⣬֮ΣĿ
ɾܣ̲ס̾š
ҶȴԶɫء
ôˣޱʡ
Ǳо޴Ҷ˵һӢ֮һӢʿսôԶҸӦĲʮǿ󡣡
ʥź᲻ޱͻȻ뵽⡣
ҲɡҶͷǹȥ˵
˵ţħɶһ㣬ħлõԨϢǴɶݶȥ
ԽԽȴҲһ󡪡ýӽֻԶԶؿţһѾ˸еޱ𺳡
һεɽεض𣬸֮Уֱ֧һ㡣ɽǰɽƽԭ֮ϣǧӢ飬һսסΧƶãֻЩӢƴս
ҶħмĿħħ֮ȴҪܿ﷢һСʮͣſй֮սϵһС
ֻһսȫ֮ͭɫ쳣ֳϣƥսһҲǻһɹͭɣɱâһɷͷųǿסɱӢ顣
һսɢһֻ֮⣬ĻȴһҶ㼫ϤķͼͼżܾɲǣҶȴڳָսսӢĶˣȴȻϾ΢
ʱսȴĻϾ΢ػ֮ˣڸ˴ʱȫ֣սȻȴӢ޷ѳǱ
ѵʥ˵Ӣ飿ħչֵľۣɾȶǧӢ飬ȻԽĸģȥǴľעҪЩӢ֣֮
ֻãڵۼϸôضıơҶ˵ȴǾȻôֱӣѾ嵽ʥĹ֮УҪֱʥź
ɽޱǸƵɽ壬ԼӦһֺƴϢ̲ס˵ʥź֮أ
пܡҶ㻺ͷЩӢӦػ֮飬Ͼ΢һȴҲЩػӢ飬ܵհ絽һֻ±Χľǡҿս֮ϻ֮ͼֻܸĻӦһ˲õķķ޷ɼЩӢǿǡ
˵䣬ȴͻȻӦսԶĵطͻȻһĿռ䲨漴Ӱһ³Ǵ֮ϣȴǲסϢ
ˣȴŷڡŷѺŷұˡʱŷұ¹׻壬ʲô˺⣬ŷŷλ˽׸֣ȴ˺ۣǱŷұȻˣȴֱӵڵϣϢñ˭ʵȴҵһȻѾ֧
ǶȴǻɳЦҿӣƺǱʲôʹһƵģǱĻһʼҴ۵ζ
Ǿľ֮ʱܵ˰ɡҶ˵ûħ籣ֻȴǸңܷ񵽴ﶼδ֪֮ʵģŲò¶Σɼ֮жô£Ȼǵĥ̶ȡ
Ļ˵꣬һȴ˾˱仯ֻĵطͻȻһռѺۣţһֻؼһ㣬ͻȻײֱӳŷ˷˹ȥ
¦ǣޱҲڴʱˣôԼ˵һ㣿
ҶҡҡͷǸոս˵ءҸоǿռɴô磬¦һֱУŻֻΪϾ΢֧ʱٳ֣ʱȴҪԸŷˣ
ŷڲϵ÷ڤãΪ˽׸֣ĸӦˣȴʱӦ˴ǿ󣬲ɫһ䣺ʲôˣ
ãŷұһǷڤ¦ǣʣĸǿ졭
˵֮꣬УͻȻһɳĹ֮һڽŷҧס


383 ǿ֮
ŷΪ˽ǿߣУѾĵеߺ֮ж첻ֵ֮ܵ
ֻüһѾ֮ɣ͵һ¹â֮ʣ֮ըɢŷҲ֧飬ڹâ֮бֽѪ΢
ʱֱӴһ֮Ѫ΢Ʈǰֱεɽ֮С
ԭ¦ǻɱ֮󣬱㽫ǵѪ֮͵ҶĿһΪʲô
ĸ
Ѷ
ŷŷұըನ÷˳ȥڵϼ֮ۼŷѾʹ˱ɱҷ˶ۣ壬ȴµ
ȴȼԪȡҪ¦Ѫƴף
ұص󣬵ۼĴòƷ֣ôòأ¦ǵЦԴдŷұû뵽ļ˾Ȼ˽׸֣һǿߣһҵĲãã㵱Ͷ£ûΪ´繦ȴԹƭңձǳҶĶɣ
¦ǣŷұţ޳֮ͽҹĸȶ֮ΣСˡСˣ
ʲôСˡ¦һЦǶǷĳƺұʿ׷뷲ʥ˭ںֻۣҪܵõǷһжνŷұ㲻Ҳˣڵۼ꣬ƭñתΪԼõ޴棿ȴ˵ƭСˣǿЦ
ɱ㣡ŷұţϵ¹ɢһĹ⣬·½ٴһ㡣
£ŷҲۣȴûʧȥǡŸ߸ϵĴãͻȻһץסŷұĺ󾱣͵һһףŷұʱ޿ɿܵر˺󷽡
ʣš
ŷɫ̧֮䣬һһ½ŷұΧ˲ǰԶʧ
ȵ𣿡¦ǵЦʱɳʮŷұʧķȥ
°ɣŷһ֮䣬һ¹֮˲һΪʮγʮ⽣ÿ⽣֮Уһε¹磬ӭЩȥÿ⽣ӳ֮Ӳǽʮ١
ֶΣ¦ǵԴдŵЦ
޳֮ͽ󱲣ŷ۾ͨ죬б£ô͵Ϯңһ͵ϮһŮӣʲô
ŷΪ˽ǿߣ̣Ȼ֮ĥѾԸΪȴټǱӳǿ¦ǻ˵͵Ϯ㣬ȴδص֣ʱŷ˺ңȴһҪ֣ȴҼһôԸӣó˽ףв̣ʱȴһɱˣʧȥǿĸߣֻֻԸңҪɱ㣬ȴ̫
յˣޱ̲סü
ȴҲѵֶΡȴͷܲϣ¦һ˲õļһֻмһȴʵᣬ˲ݡΪУɲСĽ
ŷұΪ¦Ūֹ֮䣬ȴ¦ǷһڸټӻɱȴӮҡҶͷֶͨ죬ֺ֮ģʵǿ벶ȸں󣬽գǾƵζɡ
ã۷ŹâҲǵ׷ɱҵ֮һվѪծѪ
ʲôѪծޱһЦ
Ѫծۣô˵ûġٺһЦ
ԶŷѾ߸߾˫֣ʱӿһƬ¹⣬ǹâ֮ʮ۳ΣΪ״ںһγһµĽ֮磬¹ϣΪ¹֮֮࣬ģ·˼񽣡
¦ǣҪŷڴһ͵һƣ¹޽ʱŴ÷˹ȥ
һ̳֮ŷȴѪһ۶Ⱦ˺ɫģҡҡλΣ۶ڱ֮жѪϢһʱü΢·ʱе¶
д¦ǵЦȴͻȻһ³һ޿ռ֮Уʧ¹֮ȥֱӹһռ䣬ڿһѺۣ·֮ۡ
Ȼ󣬾ôԶ֮Уڰ֮Ȼѡ
ȻԿ⽣ϵֱ֮ӹ޿ռеҡٴγ֣¦ǵ𡣡ϧ֮ȻҪţǽǿʧȥ˿ƣܴҴã
ҶΪұ𣬱ܡŷ૶ȴԽԽ
һԴзɳֱײϣʱײ÷ǡһâʬΧʱֽѪ΢˲ɽ֮С
һǿߣ˽׵ľ֣˻ҷʬǲ档
ѵ뻽ʥӢ飿Ҷüǿ𣿶кκôѵʱʥӢȴûǣֻԼߵܣܣ
ʱս֮ϵϾ΢ڼս֮࣬ддŭҧгݣͻȻ䱬ǿȻݳЩӢ赲Ŵö
ЩӢ߷ɶӰζ׷ᡣ
¦ǣϾ΢ȣһڤȴһززҼ˵ļһˣ˴Σ
Σ¦Ц㰡
Ȼͱٶˣ۷ŹâһЦдãҹ֮ÿԷ죬ҹһԷ죬û뵽ɣڱ㳢ʥĹӢɣ
µһȻзݵ֮ܣǴãֻа˽׸֮ʱڡ¦һЦǶΪӢңϧľǿд߶ȴ˼֮٣ǣǡ
벻ǣҵԸЩӢ˵ɣϾ΢Цһȴãƹ÷˹ȥ漴档
һӢĺŴ÷˹˲佫ðΧ
¦һҲţڿУһ
ӢĺڴΧһܣȴûһӢֹתһȦʱһתȴŵϵ׷˹ȥ
ܣܻشһ
ôϾ΢Ҳ
ƴԪʹڿն׼ʹ޻֮ƣʹͷʹޱȵӢת¦ǴãԼԴѳȥʥĹɽ֮ȡʥźϲȻĽ֣
ôܲǣţѵЩӢ齫¦Ϊͬ಻ɣ
ˣҶԶԶһУȴͻȻȻ򡣡¦֮մãΪҵ˽Լ顯ķѾǰꡯӢὫΪһࡣϻɱǿߣΪǽǿ֮ҲӢ͸ĹӢΪƷˣĹӢ㲻ṥ
Թԣһо仰Сٲ񡯵ģô⻰ӢҲһʹ尡ǡ
̾꣬ӢѾֽΧΣϾ΢ȣȴѾ֮£Ҳ޷ӳǿһʱ
磬㲻־ǰɣޱҶּϾ΢֮̽ʵ
ǷģѻˡҶ˵ҲǾСС֮ˡѾ壬˵ٴǵˡǷڤ֮УҲ֮УҲΪ˳֡
ʱɽ壬ƾǿĸй٣ȴӦصһɾ
Ƕɣȥȡʥź˵


384 ң̫
ħ΢Сޱȣ˵ʹԨ֮ɱ˵ĸй٣ֻϢҲ˷
ɽ弲ɶȥתۼѾ˽ǰ׷ѰһҶħɽϷȥ
ʱȴͻȻʮӢ飬ǰɽ۶ɣһ³˹ħΧ
Ҷ΢΢ͷѾϢ仯ɻƶһСǾȻԲҡ
˵֮䣬ȴһ֣ħ֮ʱ𣬽ȫ
ʮӢΧסƶСΣϸؿ˰Σȴʱ֮ɢ
ȻҶ΢΢һЦħ磬϶ȥ
ʱ¦ȴƺ΢΢һʱⷽһɳĹ֮һצ߶ȻħȷλãȴҲܸӦţһצץһ㽫ħץצС
һץպʱ³һöâ飬ҫķħâ֮ʱΣ˰С
Ҷ㣡־ԴдȻ㣡ϵز˺ֻû뵽㾹Ȼܽħ仯ߣȻô˾Ӧһսôȴͷ¶βģЦ
Ҷ㣿ϵϾ΢¦ǵĻ㵵̧ͷеħ硣
¦ǣ㻹˵Ц֣ҶЦ㷽ΪҾѿʵ޳ˣҲҶԱ˵֣ڤΪܣ
˭Ϊܣ˵㡣־˵¼䣬ʤڴ˵أǰߣʱжٵֻ֣˵ǰүµӣүʥź֮ǧ͵ۣ
ҶһЦΪʷǿдģˡıʷ֪ǷйۣĲۣ
ЩˆǷˣ
ʱһͳţֱ֮ӳһѷ죬ѷд򿪣һлȻڿ̤ͬʵһȵվס
ӳԺƮޱȣһӢ𪣬һװɫߵһ멣´һ˫ѥѥɢǿӸڿУһڴһ㡣
һ֣ΧĿռ΢΢Ť֮Ҳһʱ䣬зӿһߵĿռм趯ޱȡ
ĿɨӢ飬ɨɨãɨħ磬һߣΪôǿƼЩȻһȴֻ֪Ķǣһֻʹıƣȴһ˸ԷһսǿȻζ
Ǻˣ־һͨôһصϡ
ȴΪЦһƾЩСɫҲ֪ҵ֣ˣ׹ɡ˾ңۣ̫ԣ
˵֮䣬һ̺ž޴ϢͬһΧĿռƮšЩƣһһƬƬͬˮһ㲻ɣֲ֮䣬ǵΧĿռС

ˣˣ
᲻Ҳ𣿡ޱ˵
ǲͬҡͷǿҲǰ˽ףһ𶼲ǴõĶ֡ͬ俴ǳȴܸһ罫ĸоûκܸĸо
Ǹ֡Ҷ㻺ͷۡ
ʲôۣ־ߣүʥźߣֻ·һ
ڴе͵ؽڤһӣһɳĹ֮֮ǰԸħһ֮תͷһ𵱿շ裬ֱ̫ȥ
һ˿̫Կ֮΢΢ͷȴȫһ̧֣Χռǵʱϣ˲仯һ
ǵӨ͸·ĥɣַ·һ龧ӨļҶȴϸӦ˼Ϊǿ֮
顢Ӣ顢顢顭һеĳƺһ֣ͬǾ֮ڳļУҶ֮Ϊ˽⣬ħں֮Ӣ飬߽齫֮ĸӦҲǿҡ
̫һǵҶѾǵʵʲô
֮䣬Ϊʵ壬Ƭ̼γһ㣡ʲôǿߣ
֮Ҷ̲סѿ˵
֮Ͼ΢Ҳɾһɴ۾գȻǾŽǿߣôоŽǿ˴⡭Ƕˣ
мʶ˰̫Ŀһȴ¶̰Ĺâ
ʱ֮ȴѾǰĿһЦӭȥеĳһӶնգǼʶʲôӢۣ
ɲǼ䣬һâƬɢһӳѾԾ룬̫ԵĵߣӶǳʿƶǣ֮ɢ£ʱΪɢ
ǿޱɾ
̫նɱһ֮󣬷һХԾһͷ֮ϣ͵ػͷҧȥȴӵֱڷȥһͶС
֮ʱͣȥƬ֮䣬֮ȴͻȻŤֻ˼£зֿ룬Ȼɢ
̫ݣ֮з˳ǿߣһЦ֮ϵǿߣҲģ̫ģ
Ȼ䣬кһХ֮佫еĳӳǳһѿȴĺħ硢һȥ
סҶһħ־ӿ𣬻ס塣ǵĺϣһײ֮ײУħ羹ȻƵòˡ
Уɳʮǰǵ֮ײϣҡβֹѺʱ߽⡣
ǱߣɾΣˣϾ΢þֻǿֵܵסӢĽĻԿ⵶֮һʱ䣬˶ɫ԰ףΪĩս١
ЩӢۼ֮ɱʱ˿ͬʱ̫Է˹ȥҪ̫չơ̫ȴֻһЦּ䣬Χʱ֮Ϣӿ䣬ȴһĹӢãĹˣֹͣж
λѣΪۼûи𣿡
ʱһ֮ϣһ΢һţռһѷ죬һѷл
һذ״󳨣ͷϽڣϽƼףò·еߣȴͬѧ塣
һ֣Ͼ΢ϱ¶ϲЦݣһʱϥرȭΪ񣺡μ꣡һ򹧾ףʣȻ
΢΢һЦһΣҲܲˣô㡮˺ӣǽҪ˸ߺꡯˣΪ㣬ܵӰ첢ʲô
̸Ц֮䣬ſƣʱҵӿ𣬺׵س֣ȴٵ۳ΣһֻӨľơǾŵ֮ץȥһ±㽫ץУ֮£ǽǿĵֱ֮ӷ顣
Ŷ̫ԵĿһˡû뵽֮ϣȻǿߡԼ棬ȴҪС̫ͣд󣬻̫Ǻˣ
ۼۣ⡣˵һЦ
⣡У¦ü磬鲻ԽսȭͷΪȫͻƣܻ뿪꣬û뵽ȻԽֱӴԽˣʧ㣡ȻѾͻư˽׼ޣŽǴУ
⾹ȻǾŽǿߣħУҶɫҲ


385 
λۣһֱҪڤ̳ʹΪڵһǿһֱȴײβĪֻɳϾ΢ڵһ£ʵʩļƻ
ȴڳǰ¶®ɽ档
һ֣𾪷ڤλǿߣֻ¦ҲãҶҲãû뵽⾹ȻѾﵽŽ֮
ڤãµһ̧ͷãͷĿƵħϣǵͷޣñϾǹ˴ĥӹ̣Щϡ档ССͣƾһ֮Ȼ編ʵǰ޹˺֮٣Ҷ㣬Ҷ֮ʱ㿴㣬ȴҶǳ
ʢޣҶĳҵҶӦ
£̫ߣǵۼǵôôϲ£ʥźֱӳ־ˣ˵˵ȥҲӷ
̫ԣ㲻Ҫ񣡡һһ˾֮ţþͻƾŽ׶ﳬʮףҪʥǰҲֻ·һ
ƨ̫ɫһݣſڱ̧֮ǣӨҫ˲֯һŴһץץУֱ˹ȥ
ʱϢٴУȴ΢΢һЦȻһ
;ȴͻȻһ٣ͬһת˴ãֱֹȥ
ã¦ûϵԷȻ˱仯֮䣬æȴֻüųʮ۹֮ʱ䶼ûС
ȶʲôµһŽ׸֣̫ԷЦ͸̰֮⡣
ƾ˴ãҶ㷴Ӧȴ죬һתѾ˾ͬʱħħ𣬻ħڹ򣬱ͬγɾħٿȻħкݺݳ
һ֮춯أȻǴƫ˷һԣõϷ״һԣȴ԰Ȼѳ
գУ־ҲĨһѺҶ˻֪еǰһ¶⡣
̫һգɫʱһסħ磺СӣȻ赲ҵзǻòͷˣãҾ編˵
һ֣ǴĶȴħ
ҪΪǾŽ׸֣ͿҶһħ裬ȴĶҡ
ף̫Կħ磬΢΢һ˵Сӵôôǿԭ֮ȴ˸ģħ֮˼ҲãħҲãʿҼöˣԹڶħģǵһ
ħħϾ΢һ
ĿҲһ䣬ȴûб¶
ۼֻħԼʹǲȺıѧ֮ʿҲ֪仹ħޣⲻǿߣˡ
ʱ̫ôһ˵ȴҲע⵽ҶħɢУȴΨ
֪ҶɢħȴܸӦŲ֮ͬ
ʱȴûжҶ֮£Ŀ⼯̫ԵϣϾ΢˵ؼ֮ʱʱܵţ֪ҪָòܾǰҶΣԲȥᣬһأ̫ȴǴУʥźȴǲȶԸ˵
ͻȻ֮䣬ҵţһ׵˵߷ɶƥͭʱ̤գȴ̫ͬһȹ̣֮䣬תա
̫ԣձ۱̵ۼ˵̧֡
Ͷˣ̫۷Źâջ˴ת˹ȥ֣ǹԻΣڲŽ⣡ʲôۼǣССʲôñ۽һ÷ǰɣ
С΢΢ҡͷ͵һƻУֱ֮ɾӨ֣˲۳һӭֱ̹ȥһ½̴ǽڿ趯£㽫飬̫Դȥ
ɣӨ͸âһ֮䣬ķף˾̾
ý̫âһЦּ̧ǿٵ֮۳һս͵һն˳ȥ
սײһ𣬿ʱһ޴ƽ沨ơǲһȦȦɢÿһȦжҫžӨĹâǹâ·˳걾壬⣬ʡ
ǹâô£šʶţУԶȥ
˯ըѣ˾޴Ĺ󷽣ֽɢǾĳײ֮У·Ĵسܲס˾ȻѿһƿڣƽػԨʯ飬ҷ
ȤȤ̫͸˷ܵĹâʥźȻҪ£ǿߣٽ֮ɱȴǸȤ£
ǺǵЦţ͵̧һ֮ɾӨĹ㣬ڿпٵţһԶɳĽ׳ڰɣȻһֻֻһԶԳ֮϶ÿֻж͸֮⡣
һʱ䣬бٶֻľռݣɣ˾ҵУȥ
Ͼ΢ȺȴزݺҧԼôôųȴøΪĿʼ־֮⣬Ҫתһߡ
ذա⻺ӿһΧסϾ΢Ͼ΢ʱоһůȺҲôˡ
Žǿߣ֮ҲӢ顢顢顭˵ֱ˵ԭҰ֮ڣʹ־ηս֮ģδս֮ǰѾעʧܡԲǾŽߣŽսֱ졣㲻£иڴˣ˿㣡
ҫ˫һ»𣬿ʱ֮ɾӨ֮䣬ϳһֻֻͻڣӭȺ˹ȥһʱ䣬к֮𣬾޻Ͳһֻֻը𶯽´ء
ǿµĳ֮ôֱ߽⣬Ʈɢڿб紵ﶯš
һѺۣڴӣȵľķáħҲܲסԶȥ
ǿ͸ԣ޿ռ䣬ҲʱУƻһСԴҲãħҲãȴֻӲͦʹݷΪʹöݷɲǣջһ˿ֻǿµನУɱڵˡ
Ժţն˾Өĺ󣬴һƬµĵ
ʱҶȴӦһǿϢ͵ʹĿħ֮Ƿֻɽ󷽣ĵһռѿڵϣߴûڵأȴһһɽ˹ȥ
ʹöݷ֮ȴֻʹõһȴܻھĲ֮Уױ˷
Ҷ㷢ɽһλϣʾȻҲƿռ˳ȫһˮΧţϹ޻ʵѧ۵ӣͽɽȥ
һȻ죬λŽǿ߼ս֮ʣҪˮ㣬ʥź
ǵóѣҶĿһݣ͵һǴȥ
Ҫʲô¦ȴ޼ĿħʱҶɽ˹ȥȴһ
Сӣʥź̫ԸӦҶ㶯򣬲һüȴҷĶԸҶ㣬Ϊǰʵ̫Լһģʱ·硣
ʱ˵ʥźܷ⣡
Ȼ⣬ʥź٣һҧһЦʣµĶССϺȽʥźõ֣Σ


386 ʥĹʧ
һӨɵľڶײţײ֮УʥĹĴشѣռҲѺۡ
Ҷ˲Ѿɽı۸ħڸ߿գϢ۴ʱСĽȴʱ֣һҧݺȴתҪӡ
ӲˣУħۺ󱳳ȥֻ֮ûعʹ۳ɵĳֵͬһһ֮ԴԴϵرҶɹȥȴʹԽԽ
ˣ۷鼱֮ʹ֮ǰļҪɢ磬ͼҶѾʧһΣôʧֵڶΣǿ֮νס֮ʹͼıա
ˣŭѣҶȴֺް취һľȻ֮ˣԼԶߡ
޴Ҷ΢΢һЦħһ½֮ħ磬ٴηһ²۵ϡ޴ϵֱħ磬˳֮£Ƭ̼û˶Կֱ֮ȡ
Ҷ㣬ҪɱңλһĴۣʱȻʹƴ󡣡ҸԸǰ֮䣬֮Ȯֻ㲻Ҫɱңҵסǲҷ㣬Ҳᱳġð˽ǿߣõĲ£绢
Ƕˡߣôأų
ҶҲۣħһ֮䣬۵ȡ룬Ȼˤϣʱһסͬʱ֮
漴ħ缲ɶȥʳȥ
Ȼ˲䱻ҶƷŵɫۼεħԼһҧϹ޻ʵݺݻ𣬾ȻɽǰսĶɢನ˹Ϲ޻ʵϡ
Ǽ÷ɾ̾ȻŽǿߵ֮Ҳɣֱ죡
ұõҶһħֱʴȥ
ʷһŭȣϹ޻ʵȫǵžŽǿߵ֮ն˲仯ƥ·һ¾Ͱء
ھħǰǵȴԵ˴ֻǺݺһ³飬ʾٵӲس˾ħһʱˤڵأ³һѪ
ôܱô鲻Խؾִ
Ҷ㣬ĺ⣡ʱȴ˹־𡣡λǿ߶ս֮ʣܶȡôΰɣ
˲䣬Ǽսϭĵ𣬽ţһ֮ԴзƺƵħ硣
ҵʱ޿̲ڱ仯ΪƾһƪսϭġѹңҶ㵭һЦһ֣ħؾȥݺݳǹ֮ϣʱúɢһӶӱúɶɢУʧ
ħ粢ͣԭأȴ棬һȭشϣλвһǿߣʹ˻ҷһҲû¡
ħһץϹ޻ʵֱӱ֮У䵽Ҷ
Ϲ޻ʵڵˡҶ㸧˵֮ɵͷ΢Цйâһ֮䣬̧һƣħʱӳǿ͵һ±ħ֮һֱĹԷļսϭĺֱײɢ
ʱһ޴ȴͻȻɽӿдŭ⣬˲ϯķǿĴã͵ħ磬ǰ޵ֿ֮һ±ùշɣ
ֹǣɽǰսλŽ׸֣ȻҲвͬҶһ㣬˲䱻ͬķҪڿסζ޷쵽
ã̫ԾȻʥķŭôʥҲɣôֲ𣿡
ҪˣֱӸӦʥĹ仯ɫһ䡣ǵ뿪
ʥźأϾ΢ĵؽţʣܵõʥźпٽһֱʮףǵõĪĵãշʥ򰡣
ɵӣҪûˣѵȥߣ
һ֮䣬ʱɢ޴͵ڣתۼŴʧȴԶݶʥĹ硣
ӣӣ̫Ҳ˲˺ѳһռŻֱߡ
ҪŽ׸ҲͣѰʥźˣҲߣУ¦ǽС
ǲİ־޺ҧۼҪɹû뵽ȴֽɺޣ
һ˵һ߻ڤһâȻƿޣԶݶȥ
ҲߣҶҲͣħ緢Ӿ͵Զȥ
Ķ֮УħɶңԶǰʱҶ㷢Χҵ磬ȴʥĹΧСҪ˳ԭ·أǲܡ
Щص֮УҶȴӦһϤڵۼǵϢʱ룬ֻǸɶݶȥתͶС
һʱ䣬ҶħɽƬ֮䣬㴩һ硣
ǰһ䣬ҶȴԼֻصҺɵؾ֮ǰ
ʱؾ֮磬ɡһһ˴滻ε
ˣڻؼˡΧһ
źޱ̲ס̾Ϣۼʥźǰȴûеõû뵽ȻλŽǿ߳رȴʥĹı磬˵ǻлʥĹ𣿡
Ѿˣôҡͷ
ʥź飬òΪ±ȾָԼ壬㽫ԼɣҶҡͷܲһʥĹˣʥźһ֮ȻĻЩҵӦҲ֮ʧ˲ŶԣôתһʥĹıʥ˵֮һּҲ޷˵塣
󣿡һ
Ž׸֣ľʮ׸أҶ˵ʥȴǳԽʮ׵ĴڣȻǡ߿ġҪƭССʿǺף
ǡпʥĹûʧʥźҲУ㵶ʡ
ҲֻҵĲ²ѡҶҡͷҪ֤ʵڱһΣȥɣ
ðɡ뵽ʥĹ綯ӣǺ㡣
ҶһЦй֮ޣ۲һϱ任磬͵س֮һһ󶯵֮ħѾԽǸ磬ȴһʵ֮С
ǡ
㿴Ҷ˵֤ͨʥźתûһ˿Ӱ졣
ٵȥɡޱ˵
áҶһͷħΪС񾳵ķɶݶȥ
ɽ֮УȥԿɼռػУ֮赲һ֮ǰһ㣬ԽԽСǰν벻ͬǣħѾʱȴûͻûܵʥĹڡ
Ҷȴģڷ˼ʱ֮ǰһ㣬ֻ֮εҲʥĹڣϢҲȫо㡣
ҲˡҶ̾˿ʥ˲ʥĹˣֱֻӽڻˣֻߡ
ҡͷһЦЩֱǲ²͸ˡ
ź̫źˣŸ̾


387 
뿪񾳣ҶԨʱǴƼеûȥǾۼԨ۶ڳС
Ѿع飬ûдκοϢֲȥԼΪܵõʵϢվ˶飬ѡ
ȻҶ֮ǰȱʾ˶Լµ֧ţг⣬ҲɵӡǶ֪˭֮ǰռϷ粢ҪҪ˭ܶᱦ
ÿжܽš
ҶħڳϿ֮ʱµĲһȻ㻶
ǶԼµ̬ʱ仯λ߽׾磬ĿǰΪǿߵĵæ¶һ񣺡ۣλҶѰȻع飬ǲӦǰȥӭأ
д񡣡΢΢ͷȥλ߽״ȴңۼˣǰҲֻںţһֱʳǴŴա
Ҷ¸˴񾳶ᱦΣ
ħ罵ϣҶжħڣǰҡͷ̾һһʥĹᱦĶǡ
뵽˵ɡһָҶͷ룬һڴȻں󡣴Ѿ˳ȻֻҶһ˻صڳУôŷһֻ׶༪ˡ
ʹѾ٣һһƫҶϸ˵һʥĹ֮УۡʡҵۼǷڤ¦ǣϾ΢Լŷȴһ֣ҪʥźоϵľŽ׸ң̫Գ֣ҵۼǾŽ׸⣬쳣ҡϧ˭ҲûܳɹʹʥĹرգ޷롣
ɫ԰ףŴ쾪ʲôŽ׸֣
ǡҶͷһսλŽ׸ͷžƻʥĹʹʥŭʥĹ˴ҴӳԷɢػش˵Ѱң񾳣ȴ޷ʥĹڣ̸ҵʥĹˡʥź˭Ҳˡ
ȻҲǴһ̲֮סʣôŷˣ
ŷŷѣ¦ǻɱҶ˵۱һɱΣ롣
˵Ҷһ˻ɱۣɾԱɫʵʱչֳǿ۶Ҷ˵жôǿ
ŷںŷԨٹĵλһǧɣλȴҶǿĿɽλ֮ǰͬնʱϵλǿ֣߽ʱҲҪ˸˵
λҶ㻷ˣȻʥĹرգʥźȴӦδΪۼͨ˴·ڣ˵ʥ֮תͨǵ·ҲڣλȴҪСĲǡ
Ҷһλ߽׵֣ǲڵĵۼǰϵȴҲֻǶλ߽ףоŽ׸ֵֻ±ܺɨ£ȴҪΪūۡҶ˽Ȼãܷ۵ϡ
Ҷ΢Цȴ˼˵Լ˼
֮ǰ˵˵õսԱǸˡҶ˵ۣȴѡԸ˶ΪҶĳȻȫ֮ؽռŻʱֻҪ˺Ҷĳض̸
ǿ̫ˣ߽״ۼæͷһλ߽״鼸䣬תˡ
λȥǲǾ֮ܣû档ȴʶǿߵĿ¡Ҫ˵ǾŽңۣۺʣ˭Ƕ֣ͨ·󿪣µľǱǿ߽ūǣȴһͬԵвǣ
һλ߽״ͷҶԲӦýˡ۵¸أҽƼΪλ飿
λĿǰǿۿڣҲ׷׵ͷﲻɿλۣٿҶ㣬ȴҲֻܷ
Сʺεºܣȴˣæ֡ƾһССף۷Ҳδﵽôͳ
۱Ӧ˰ɡҶ΢΢һЦֻ֮ǿ֮ʣҪŽһҪָЭָ֮ˣǿߣȴһƽʩ;ҿʤΡ
һλ߽״۵ͷۣƴǣȴҪΪӱˡ
ǣŽһصǵȨưһ߽״۰ǻģֻˣ
ви̾ͳȴǲԸܺˡ
漴̾ϢֻϧûҶʱȱǸöã˿ͳȺ۵ĲˣʱҲҲ
һΣʵҲǰϲ˭˲֮ϣǿԼףֻΪ֮վλϣȴǳϻ̳Ͽ֪֡ⲢΪԼӵǰʵֻԼһʼͽʶˣ¡
λ˵Сƴǣȴˡµ˵ͷɫڳλۼ֤СʽҳΪ֮պض£ǫΪǾľԴȨλıһ֮˽
ãһλ߽״۵ͷˣ۱ԨѾɴ϶Ϊһ۱㽫ҼƵ˴ҲͳԦ
ˡһλ߽״ȴ뵽Ҷ֮ǰĻæʣҶֻ˵ŷŷôŷұأ
ŷǰԾߣȴǲ֪䡣Ҷ˵
Ϊǡһ߽״۰֡ȻӰ̫ͣһ֮˵Ķ֣ߣǻҶɽء
ۼæͷ
˼ȳɣʣµľͶһЩСˡҶٹЩ£־Ӧȵµλ̺뿪˱ֻҪһƧԼȥϢЩ۾֪ҶɽĸҵʱɳԼĽǱ߳䵱ۡͽ֮¡
Ҷȴһžֻܾ˵ԼҪ۲ţȥˡ
Ǵ֮УȴûԻͣͥ䡣ԭפڴ˵Ԩʿ˸⣬ŮҲһ⵹Ҳãͼ徲
һħڷɳħ֮Уشѹ۵ĵط
ʱޱۣҶޱ˹ȥ磬۵ѾħȥˣʣЩò˶ãҲȫɸɾ
Ҷ㡭ҶүԭһʱҶ㵽ʱƴ̧ͷҶ㣬Ǿ޴û֮ǰı׺ᣬֻʣ˾ֺη塣
Ҷ㣬Ͽ󣺡Ҳԣֻһһ·֮У֪ö²۳壬˽׾ҲʿҲ֪֮࣬ϣҰɣԸΪū͡
ҲҪū͡Ҷ΢΢ҡͷֻҪѡԻΣѡۣףȻ֪ףӦȻʱȴΣֻһȡҵ뷨ףˣֻԼѱ˵ݽ棬ش
ǡǡǣͷѾ֪ˣҸɣҷ˵ħе飬ǰҲĵˣҲδɱǣħҲһɣ


388 Ӣ鵤
Ҷħ֮ѿ֮Բ٣ĺԸΪūΪͷԼ
ħѾ̫֮˽ǿߣֻҪƽ⣬ǹ̲Ҷ㵹Ҳۡ
ҲظҶ˵ʱɱ㣬һ֮ԳϿңħ֮Ѿ̫֮࣬δƽ⣬֮
лҶлҶ۾ϲ쳣æߵݣѹƽȴݵòӡ
ȲҪˡҶ㾳תΪ䣬ϾҪУɱ㲻Υ֮ȴΪԼֻ
ŵüæᡢᣡҽһ㣬ΪľжģʱԽһɱ𣡡
Ҫ˵ı⻰Ҷ΢΢һЦۣ֪ĿǣǰƲˣȰԼԡħ֮У԰ת֮һ㡣ĵλֲͬҵ֣ȴҵūǿе֮ıңʱԽֽ⣬ħɡ
ǣˣ۱ͨõ죬ʱͷӦ
ûͷļһмغһ
С˵ȻûйͷЦţСһ֮ʲôͷأ
ܸˡ˷۾Զԡ
ʮպ˻Ѿ̣³̽Ҳ˼£в
ʮҶ㽫Ϲ޻ʵħ磬ʹħ׳Ҫһħٶȱͻͽޱȡ
۵罣ҲѾҶȡȴδ֮ħ֮СΪȫɣɣʢ㽫ħʧҶܿ뵽÷ֽ֮֮󣬻Ӵ֮͵֮
֮ӹħ磬ʹΪǿȹ̡֮һţħ֮Уֲħ磬ÿħõϹ޻ʵ֮е֮Ӣ鵤
ʮʱȥħȴھ֮£һöӢ鵤üͷ壺ôϹ޻ʵͲôأ
һߣҲΪֻ֮ӢЧҶţߣҸо۳Ӣ鵤ԽǿٶȾԽ
˵ţһö۳ɵľӨӢ鵤ϸظӦȴĿһ漴ȥӦʣµ֮ͷ
ޱʡ
ǿҶ˵һöӢ鵤ȥаٷ֮һҸӦѴĪ֮³ǿ̷ı仯ֱӽ
ôޱҲһһ룬ǿһаٷ֮һ֮
Ҳ˵һӴ磬Ҳֻ۳öӢ鵤ѣǲǿǲˡ
Ȼ˵޷֪ҸӦһ޾޴ЧҶ˵ˣҲֻ߽д֮
Ҫԣ߹̽ʡ
ҲáҶһ̧֣Ӣ鵤ȥæһȥȻϸӦƬ̺͸âǿҸоڵŷˣ찡ѾӦ׵ļޣɣҪҪͻƣ
Уæɵһ֮߰̾ʱ֮ȫɢ޴͵ػһ۶
ˣ˾ȻֽˣӢ鵤Ȼǿ߽߽ףֱ찡
֮۾ʮöӢ鵤׻𣬡ô˵Ҷϰʱ䣬Ϳλ߽׵ǿߣ
֮Ҳ˰ȸ
ǿ̫ǿˣ䲻סͷֻ˼κһҲûǿҶ㣬ҪһͳۼǣҲûпܣ
ҲҪ˵̫硣ҶȻǼϸ˼£ȴҡͷӢ鵤׽߽ףȴҪʹ֮߷ãȴһغǱгǿߣӢ鵤֮ء⵹ѡӢ鵤ǲһ߽׾ģֱҲȶֻ²Լһﵽͬǿߡ
Σ˵һ׷ãǿԴﵽĽ׵ĻٸǷһΣͿԴﵽ߽ˣֻ˷һЩҩѡ
ң߽׾߽ס׻˵㲻нͬǿߣٿѹס߽ߣңҪ£˭Ҳ֤ԼԴﵽ߽׾磬ҩֻϲķݣĻںԼ֮ͬף
ȸһͷ
ô˵Ǵ̷˵ˣޱЦʡ
д⣡׻ȸٴεͷһ۷Źâ
ɣȴҡͷȴֻͬǳףʹõҩɰʡʱ䡣ȴѾ۷壬ֻҪħ֮ȫͻƴﵽ߽ףαҪõҩٳɣ
⻰˵òҶͷλѾﵽ۷壬ǿԼ߽ױȽϺáһͬﵽ߽ףֻҲ޷Ҷɡ
ôǵ£ҡͷһЦҶ㣬֮ʱȻģദȴǿɽ֮ˣɴĪĺôҲʥҲܿʵ֡ˣĸȴѾصظ㣬ٲʲôɡ֮ˡ
Ҷ㺬Цͷ
֮ϣﵽ߽֮ϲ쳣ַ֮࣬һҶ֮ٵĸп
䣬ǼչȥѾọ̈̄תҶ֪ʱѾҪԼһѡһ֮أ˿ռŻԷպҶ¸ĬĬȥ
֮Уҽ棬ҶкܿҵڵۼǵϢУͨͨۼǶȥвƬ̼䣬ȴͻȻͣޱæеʣ磬ʲô𣿡
֮ǰս⼸յħ磬ȴʹ˸ĵãû뵽Ȼڴʱ۴ﵽޣҪͻƽˣҶйâϲ֮ɫ
ǿǴ£ޱؽ
λҶҪˣȫתħ磬ʱ𣬵մ
ãһͷʱӾ޴
ҲҪúñ֣ڰ״̬۸߽ţ֮ħתȴһ㾡ľκС
Цãۣһֱ㣬ܵõһĵλʱҶĺôһò
ҵϸѧλӣҲۼæͷ
˵֮ǰһ˿а֮ģʱҶ㽫һ˿аȴҲٱˡ
Ҫ֪ҶΪ߽ǿ֮ʱѾ춯أֱս˽޾ɫס۵ٽһﵽ˰˽ֽ֮ο£
۸ӦʱҶֻҪԸ⣬ֻһ֮䣬Լҷ˲ֽħ
ȻҶ˵ħʧ⣬߽׵˽׵𣿵ʱֻҪʩֶΣٶƽ⣬ֻõÿƣʧ⡣
ˣ۴ʱȴѾȫٲһ˿ġĿҶбͽٱĻ飬ȴҲĽ
ҲãҲãʿһ󲻾Ƿʥ򣿸Ҷߣûᣬλ


389 ˽
һԤʾҶɹʼڱ仯Ÿһת
ħ룬Ŀֱܱϣ˿·һʵһ㡣ޱѩӰػߣ顢һ𷢻תħ֮ͨһǡ
һħҶڷڱ仯ҶԭҰ֮УۼԭҰеħӿǱ͹ԭҰʱ֪˶ǣֱγһɹһ㣬ޱȡ
ħ֮ж仯ţ硱ݻɣֱҶţԭҰաһСҶӦȴ֮ǰԼյģֻǱɽһǡ
ֱʱػ˿ơ硱֮ı죬˽֮ǿ󡣹ȥ֣ʱĵףȴÿЦڳЦȥԼ֮࣬ȴҲʼȥЩ΢ĵڵںϣ֮ǿ
֪ʱţתۼʮʱȥҶȴһϵɢʧһ˽֮ɢʾ˿̵ĵȼ
ôޱҴҶ㣬֮ǲȴҲɽ̲ס
Ҳ֪ҡͷתۡι飬ǰ˽ǿߣ߽׵˽׵ı仯ң𣿡
߽׽˽ףʮʱԲȻ˵ҶǾţӦڲͬɣȴҲ¶ԡ
ڰʡһޱҲõģҸӦҶϢȶ֮ʢòˣӦûʲô¡˵õҲҶͲóƲ⣬Ǿôػˡ
ҲֻˡޱǵصͷȴҲ޷롣
֪䣬ǰٶʱȥ㣬ҶһξȻʮ졣ޱȵ֮ʱҶȴͻȻ۾һվ
ã΢΢ͷ֮ǰ־飬ѾȫҵڻͨȴֱӴﵽ˾繮֮
Ҿ˵ϲУѩӰޱҶ£ϲ쳣ֱ˹ޱһ½Ҷ㱧סѩӰǵҶ߲ȥ
ν˺ܳʱ𣿡Ҷ㲻ɿʡ
ϰٸʱ̾Ҳʮˡ
ǼϢȶʢҪءޱ˵ȻôòҲҪء
ǹˡ˵Ҷʲôˣǵģ
Ҷ㲻΢΢һЦ̧֮䣬һ޴֮ݺӿħʱøӼ̡˵֮ǰħľƴյĴݣʱܹɽͷľӽܣԶ֮ӹһ㡣
һʱҶĿ֮ħΪһһӹħ硣ˣҶ֮£ʹħøΪǿ󣬽Щ΢һ˲١
ˣȴ
ǿǿ۵Ȼߴ룬Ͼǰ˽ǿߣֱӱӦħı仯ɫ䣬߽֮̾ʱħǿޱȣڵ˰˽׾繮̣ħȴı˿µķֻǾŽ׸ƾħ磬ҲԿ֮
˵ţ·Ϊӡ֤Ļһ㣬һȴͻȻħҹ˶Ӧħҵضҡһ£·ǵһ㡣
ô£һ
Ҷüͷһ壬йʱȥħһ۳һΣĸйҲʱΪһ壬·ħ紩ϣֻħһ㡣
Ȼ㣡һԶһӰǰת۵Ҷңңš
һͷԺӢ𪣬һװɫߵһ멣̤һ˫ѥȴԾǵңۣ̫ԣ
ʱһ㵵ؿҶ㣬Ŀ﷢ߣҸӦ֮УȻа˽ǿǱֻΪǵʥź⣬û뵽һ˹ȴһǽҶ԰ɣ
ңۺüԡҶ㵭һЦҶĳ֮ͨУȴͻȻ򣬽˽ףڴգ˾硣ȴû뵽ȻϾŽ׸֡ңۣҲѰʥĹֻºһǿֶɡ
ҵĻ̫һǵۼ˷⵹ǿߡû뵽ᣬȻܽ˽ףʵǿɶ񡣽ң㵹ùɣ
ҪɱңҶһ
̫ЦţʥĹȻʧʥźδκԾǱڷҵ֮УȴǿᡣĶ֣⣬ǵۼˣ˽ףʱֻ¾Ž֮ҲѲס㣬ʱ֣ȴҵĴ󻼣ɱ㣬Ծ󻼣
̧֮䣬һ֮Ϊʵ۳һ˴ǹ͵Ҷ㵱ش
編˼̫Խеһɱе㣬ٽΪãʱսʤ⣡
ɱңħ磿Ҷ΢΢һЦҿûǸ°ɣ
̧֮䣬ڿ·һתϢϵһ㣬֮ǹײȥ
Сӣոյõ𣿡̫Բм㲻Ǹ˽׵СɫҲҾŽǿһ̳Ц
͵һ֮䣬ǹβһƣǹϵ֮ʱӿһ˺˵һײǹϵ磬ײţ緢֮һ֮͸֮УҶеʹ粻Ҷ֮ȴǹ׻ơ
ǾŽ˽׵Ĳ̫࣡ԴЦţƶǹǰ
ǹƴݿ࣬ǣΧ֮Ť趯·ԽΧҲһͬƿһ㡣
һǹֱ̺ľ֮ȴͻȻɢսʿӢ飬һ½ΧɵĿռȫס·һ޴һ㣬ҶС
Ҷͷ̾ǾŽ׸֣Ȼǰ˽׿֮ȵġҶĳҲͨİ˽ף
ּ̧䣬ħ糱˲תһö޴֮ǽаʥħ֮ȴһʥħ仯ɡĿֱǰ֣ӭ֮ǹݺײȥ
ǹ뽣ײǿ֮Ȼûڻƴ֮ռʲôϷ磬֮ɢ밵ֲͬԵȴһǿʥ֮쵼֮£ȫؽΪһ塣ٵ˸֮У֮ǹȴһɢȻȻŹӭҶ㣬Ҷǰ֮ʱȴֻʣЩ㡣
ҶҲᣬ͸ħ֮Уת֮䣬ħǿ֮ѹաͬ
ȻֶΣ̫üͷһ壬һ죬ﵽ˽׹֮ԽˣұԽҪɱ㣬㽫ɳȴΪ֮Уӡ
Уһװֱ֮й죬һֱֻ۸߸߾ʱ䣬һޱϵֱ֮תЩۣٵػһöӡɢޱѹ
ϣħ֮еԼޱѩӰܵĪѹ
̫зޱɱ⣬ЦݣһӡҶݺ¡ӡձ仯˲仯һСͷϢѹҶ㡣


390 սŽ
һӡۼҪ֮ʣȴͻȻըѿһ»Сӡÿһöӡɢһ֮ߣ˴·һǵض
ÿһöСӡֶɢ˺Ѱ֮£ͨĿռ䶼òȶһ΢СĿռѺۿɣȻ΢С˴ȴ·ҪһƬռ䶼ܷɳһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢üȴ˵ͷֵȫ֣Ұٳ߸ͷһ
һХ֮УǰֱħΪȭͷһööСӡ˹ȥ
˲䣬ǿӶؽһööСӡƣЩϵСӡ֮֮ħɢǿֱ˺ѣǿܻһصǿӡħĳ֮£תۼķѣɾ
ħе۵ɴ۾ħɵ羰󡣡Ȼ԰˽֮Žǿߣֱ˼飡Ҷ࡭˵ʲôȻ춯صľ˼飬̫˼ˣ
תۼ䣬Ǵӡ㱻֮һ̫Եɫһ䣬ݺҧֱûһСС˽ʿȻҵɱУ
һ䣬͵һգЩСӡ˲ۣҪۺһҪγǴӡ
ˣҶ㳤ХһǾӡһȭֱӡ˲䣬Ǿӡ봦̮񱩵ɢӿзһ춯صľ죬Ȼը֮УҶ󣬶̫Ҳ˿
ûˣ̫ŭһͻȻǰһ֣һץʱ֮ڿ۳絶צӣԲͬķҶֱץ˹ÿһצϣȴƣצδȷ˶סҶ塢֫ʹá
ʵȴҵħ绯𣿡ҶһЦħ֮һʱһ½ס塱ֱӻϢɢ
Щ飬ȴ̫Ե֮ɣҶȴҽ֮ա̫Եħ֮УȴǴ󻼡
裬ͬһĳߣһĿѣĲӰǲӰ֮УһЩľצ֮ϡһ춯ħɽ֮УצȻ÷飬ǵ㾧Ө㣬ɢ
Ҷצ󣬻һ˦ʱɢǿϢŹħסħ֮һ̫Գȥ
ССҺΣ̫һֻһֻ֣ӭžץ˹ȥһ±㽫ץУһ֮ѸٵزϣҪס
ɲǼ䣬ɫȴһ䣬ΪһӦһɼΪǿ֮ԼԿԼɢȥ׵ص֮ȴԼ˹
֮У͵һֱۣ˳ȥ漴ȫһɢֱӽɢɢ
ͷü𣬡Сӣֻǰ˽ֻ֮ռ֮ôܻԿ
𣿡ҶһЦ
΢Ц֮䣬Ժȴּ̧䣬ջħ֮ڣԸħϿշħ֮ϵһħ⣬һ۳˾ħ
ȴδŽħ׳һ뷨֮ħлӶ˲䣬ħŵâȴħед
֮ˮߣǣ
ȻԾħΪʣħħΪīħռ֮дһƪ¡¼ȴǵһߵĳɳת֮һӶ͡
һƪٶ֡ħɵ£ɢħħݺһ飬ʱħ֮⣬ҫɢҫ۵Ĺâǹâ֮£̫Ҳ΢΢һɫһ䣺ʲô
̫ԣһƪ߸ɣҶһ֮ӿħ֮⻪ɵ£ʱ趯ÿһֶɢĪ˳ת֮䣬ȴǻһɵħߣ
йâſ³ħ׵ӣ͵һ¶壬ֱ̫˶ȥ
⣬ȴҶͻȻ뵽˴õ÷Ȼ죬ȴҲм̫˽ǿ߼ˣҲΪ֮ɫ
ٽݻΪСӣⲻ͵˾Žǿߵ֮𣿡̫ҧΣŽǿߣ˲֮תΪȴҪд£ٽתȴʼǲһ磡
һƽ˫֣һۿɼ֮һ˫֮ۼת֮Ϊһ壬˫һӣķɢڿֱ۳һűӡ
̧֣֮۳ӴУӶһ´Ǳ֮ϣʱö졣࣬·ܴ͸ռ䣬ֱľͷһ㡣֮֮޲Ϊ֮ԡ
Ҷħı֮£ҲɲǼʧħһ֮䣬˱ָһ֣ħ֮ȫʧԿصޱѩӰԼָǡ
۲ɸ̾Ȼ˲ʧȥǣʧСֱ֣ʱֻѾɱˣ
𣿡ҶԷȴ΢΢һЦȴһУ
ٿȻ䣬еĴӭһܱӺݺݵײ˹ȥȴûһη֮˼̫ԲɴЦΪƾħ編ֵסϮʤң˺˵
͵ػӶӴûʱ֮һ֮ͻȻ˷ɣһŴֹ߰ΧЩײŴߵ壬˺Ƭɢ𻨴
Ǵȴ˿ҡֱ̫Գ˹ȥ̫Եɫɴ䣬һã͵طȥȴǱҲˡ
˲䣬Ѿײһܱϣʱײ֧飬ΪӨɢȴֻʧ֮һͷ­ͦŲȻ̫ײȥ̫Բִ֮伱æ۳һ޶޶ܳΣѾײϣʱѿ
޴֮£̫ԾȻ³һѪ˲䱻ײɳ֮Զ
֮ˮҶۼһе֣ĴʱٴλӶħдѸٵдµһƪ߸͵ػӳħ磬ڿɢâϣ۳˫ߣȻ̫Իȥ
㣡̫Թӣײʹ࣬絽ϵѪвɢһâ
Ҷ㣬㾹ȻңţһʱŭССİ˽ʿȻ˵ҾŽǿߣ
۾һ䣬޾ɱйҲñ䡣
ƨߣӻ㣡
һӨ㣬ɢƮţ·ǳʱڽµСѩ鶯Ʈ裬ڿϣ˲ͻһ޴㡣ڿаڶţ۳ɵƬŵâȴ͸һſ֮䣬һ絶ľҫâ֮˵
һͣʱζӭ˴ߣ͵ſһ½߱˿У
߿ɲǿɿڵļȡҶһЦ
䣬Ǳ븹еĴҵضײñ̬һʱͻһʱǱ¡ƺʱܱײơ
֮಻Сζɢޱ߾һȴѹססжڿһת֮ȴҶֱײ˹ȥ
һ˾ĹֱײħϣֻҶؽҷ


391 ȡ
Ϊҵ߱ô׶ԸҶ΢΢һЦħ趯֮ʣħзֱȥ㸹еߣڴʱſڴҧڲƻ㸹ҧһ
ܻ֮£ʱѳǧٵľӨƬɢ
Ǳѵľ޴ȴҲ߳׷飬ħ˻ȥ
Ҷһ֣ĪΣȴͻȻһּΣյĸоüͷ壬æй޳̶ȡ
˲ӦͷΣս٣ڵһʱȫѣȴδܶǿµһһӰһ½ħȫУһƬޱߵĺڰ٣ħ硣
ϵˣ̫ЦѼӣ͵ȫӦҵĹʱãҶ㣬ڣ֮ȫɡ֮ǿԽѣϧ֮ǰһɱ㣡
ʱڰ֮Уһֻ޴ĺɫӾšϿȥ֮ᷢһƬڰʹ̫ĹҲ޷͸ֺڰƺǹⱻУҲԶ޷ѡ
̫Էǰ½ѥɢŵâƶһǰ̽һץڿץһֱԲĺľľУת磬͵ľͷһľͷֱŴײ˹ȥ

˲䣬һ쳹ķ֮УһĿռѺķ֮Զ˿ͷ·綼ӵ飬ۿҪһ㡣
ɣ̫ԵؿЦţ֮ڣᱻٱǾŽ׸֣ܴһҲҪѪ˲ΣСС˽ףͬ編һ飡
ȷʱҶȴһ𣬾̫Ŵ죬һʱ˵
ڴʱҶͻȻԱһռŻԾ˳ħγɵ֮ڿУȴһ˿һѺۡ
ôܣ̫Ȼ
汻УֻһħֻʱҪѺۣеҲҪܵ𵴣˲ᡣҶ㻺ͷϧ㷢͵Ϯ֮ǰѾӦӺڰұʱӾһռ֮ţ˳ȥһԡ
ýƻСӣ̫ҧҧһ󷢺ݡ
ҲҶ㳤Цһ͵һȴӭֱ̫ӳ˹һȭͺֱ̫Դ˹ȥ
㣡̫Դһһ½̧һƬӴ׼Ҷ㡣ʱо޴ҪҶС
ʱһռŻȴͻȻҶǰ򿪣ҶһУ˲ʧɲ֮䣬һռŻ̫򿪣Ҷֱȭͷ׺ݵػ̫ԡ
ƻļһ̫ԺһһתΪܣҶһȭײһʱԶԶȥѺۡ
Ҷȴ΢΢üֻôȥĻᱻ𵴱һͨۼǣԼ񲻾Ҫǣ
Ҫսپ
һ󷢺ݣҶȴǲһд߶һϣͬʱһӣħ̫Բ˹ȥһϢһ𼤵ħ״ź̫֮֡
ֶΣҶľ̫ҲСӣӵҶһ֮ʱһӾȻֱӴһռŻУԼȴڵĻ֣
һޱȵһУҶħޱƳײ֮ϣһ±ĥ٣ٶҲʱ̶һ㡣
Ƭ̹ת֮нħϵһĥɾħʱʧȥ֮ǰƣشȥʱȴһҪħǿС
ȻҪȡҶķ
ȫ𣿡Ҷħлͷųޱ߹âͷǱܼһһֱӴħϣʱ˲ñֱҪӵǣ
ѵ𣿡ڴ̫ԵЦӵİ֮ȣһƿС
δأҶЦһʥħ֮ͻȻħʱ˹밵ֲͬаȴӵ˼ޣһžħ˹ȥħ֮Уȴ¶
δأ̫ԴЦѾһز㻹䣿գ
һУӵǣ֮ﵽµĵزΧĿռ侹ȻҲŤСħֻ˼£㲻һ±ڡ
̫ЦڿŰ֮һץס˾ħʱľħһһ㣬̱һǾһûͨӡ
ǿ̫ԵЦţҵǰȴҲ˶ѣģһҵľŽ֮Ӵ֮ҵķʱݺ£Լǧ֮ȴҲĴˣ
ǿҪлˡҶ㱻˾ħţ΢Ц
̫ԸӦҶ֮е򶨣Ϊֻǿ򶨣ɳЦôʱҪװȤȤ֮ˣ֮ãǼɱ˵ĺã
˵֮䣬ʱеһžħѹ֮סҪ͸У֮Լķ
ʱһֱھħеİ֮ȴͻȻһӿس̫ƣ޴Ĳһ½̫Եײȥݺײӱϣ졣
ô̫һ㵵ħȴ䲻ɢâɢһĺڰ֮Ǻڰ֮ӵȣȻС繥ӣֻᱻһƣ˵ȴӵڲʱӵҲǹ̬ʴ֮Ρ
νʴǽԼ͸Է֮УԷͬҪԷΪԼһ֣ԼҲҪһ㣬֣Ҫ֮¶ȥһ㡣
жǿҲɣ
ֻһСߣʳ֮µһĴʿƽʱСߣһžͿԽ֮ȸϡãʱ֮ʳ£ȴҲֻ·һ
ҶļơöԷħȥڶԷ֮ʱȴͷųħ֮еİ֮ŶԷҪͬԼʴԷԷͬ
˲䣬Ҷİ֮ӵʧصÿ䣬ٵؽӵڲ֮Ϊһ壬һգ۵Ĺӵͷ˷츲صı仯Ȼ˲任һˣ
̫ԸӦ仯ɷŭ𣬷ǰħ
Ѿ̫ˣ
˲䣬ھħǣ֮£ڵİ֮ȻȻ˵˵ˣֱӺ֮⡣
̫Կһ͵һƬѪڿзֱɳ˰ɶԶǿסͣ
ʱȴѾطɵҶߣľħһ·һ˲ƸסӵĶһ˷ɻصħ֮Уħٶһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
еİ֮ͨħħ֮УʥħԾתȫҶİ֮뵽֮ڡ
ת֮䣬ԭ̫ԵǿʱȻͳҶķ
̫ԣʧˡҶ㿴̰ͼҵķȴδ뵽̰ܰɣ
ˣұɱ㣬ұɱ㣡̫Եɴ۾һʹ̼һ˲ȫӿһӨ㡣


392 ɵ͵Ϯ
ǾӨ㣬ڿһͻȻըѿһƬӴĹ֮ƣ˲Ҷ
ǹһ٣ҶоħΧĻֱ߽⣬ЩӨĹ㣬ħڲ͸·һֻֻµĳ棬Ҫҧ壬ڴƻ
֮Ȼʹã۳ʵֻƾűȥ͸ƻ
ϸϸظӦţȴо͸Ȼǿ󣬵ʵ˵зȣСö࣬治̫Ƿ˷ʧǻȻʹּȺûЧз
ѵʲôɱУ
Ҷͷһ
ʱҶıȴͻȻһߴʮɵ顣ΣȫоӨװצһҶһӻ˾ȭȭ̸͵Ҷ㱳
Ȼ֮
׼Ҷ㣬һֱ󲻶ԣʱתһȭűȥ
ͬʱħ͵һ±󣬻ͬʮɸߵľ޴̬ȭȭ޻ɵضƴһǡ
Ȼһ֮У˱ħƣħȴҲҡβֹڲ顢ޱѩӰˤڵأǱҶ㶼ҡβȣ
ֻۣΪħţһֱϥ̬ʱûôǱ
æתħеƴȶסħ硣
ʱħĹ֮꣬ȴͻȻ仯һ»һС˲תգ֮ת˾޴ЩҲʱ仯һתĵУһ½ħС
УʱиħԵҪȫ˺ѡ
Ǿ޴ħ磬Ϣ͸иÿһ˵塣ȻûֱܵǹиֻϢҲħеÿһڣоʹ
ޱɾһ
ŽǿߣȻҶɫأּħֵ֮ͬʱħʱħ֮УԾ֮ơ
ҶҪǿķֱӻ΢ħ֮Уһħؽٶʱȫ׶Կ̫ԡ
һ֮£üͷ塪ӵػ֮ȻޱȣƾҶηħ޷֮Ҷʥ֮УȻҲ޷ӣֻܴȡİ֮
ȻǿڶԸ̫ɱ֮ʱȴҲûжô
Ҷһҧּ䣬ħħУ͵ػӶͬʱʮɸߵӰһСΪ˴С仯ʹܹиҲСȴһ
۷ž⣬žħǹ֮мսһ壬ֱӳ÷飬Ĺȴеתײħ֮𵴣ȻһЩϸСѺۡ
һħ֮УȫҶһ˳ħתϵ޸ܵĴˣ޸ٶȣȴϲ˵ٶȡһ˿Ѫ˳
Ž׸֣Ȼͬһ㣬ȴ֮ȥһڻ˵ţѾõӣһսȴǴռˡȻѵúôֲսʤ֣Ǳȫ뿪
ãȵͷʱҲ˵Է
ޱѩӰͣҲͬʱҶתħ硣̣һӿ𣬱Ҷ㴫ħϣ͵ػ֮䣬ȴΧһƬж÷飬ħ͵˺һռŻҪʹݷȥ
ӣ̫Цţӵ𣿲ӻңӵĺǣұ׷ĺǣ
һռ䣬ǵתٶȾȻһҪռŻħ磬һ±㱻˻±аΧ
ҵײи֮Уħ𵴲ݣҶܵǰδеΣգ͵һ·Ծħ֮С
øŽǿߣ֮٣޷һս
һҲΪ֮ȼգ̧֮䣬ħϵħһ¾ۼעħڣħһ㽫ΧĹлɢ漴͵һһħڡ
ħֱеĺȥ
һ֮Уħⱬըб𵴲ݣһ·Զħʱ֮ҶҲһ
ʹǿɱ㣡̫Щյһ͵طȥһּ䣬ʱСɶһץĴ֮ݵ֮ڣʹбøΪȶһתŵԲ㣬̫ת硣
̫Ҳ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫȻʹԼҲЩԲΪܿٻɱҶ㣬ȴ˲ˡһȺ͵س˹ȥֱħи
һУҶ㼯лħУ֮ٻ𣬳֮ϡ֮УĽ·ǹ֮бͶʯǧһ㡣ײ֮У̫Զħȴײúɳȥ
һѪҶ˾ĴˣȴħҲܼʱҽˡ
磡ޱؽҪһ˳һܰɣ
ҪգҶһľ޷ħûа취Ҷ㲢Ҷ㣬ҲܾΪԼֵ
֮䣬ޱȣҲǴᣡҶڸ߿գ˵λһΪעƴɱһ֮΢о׷ߵͻưɣ
ʱͻƣ΢΢ͷѹᣬԴﵽľ磡
ãǱҲѧӣ֮£ֻͼƴȫõͻưɣʱ飬һʱ䣬ҫâٴ
ƴˣŭһȴһ֮ע뵽ħ֮С
ѩӰϣҲӿһľʮȫһϷţһֻǣХУֱͶħ֮С
ޱ˲ܷ𣬱ʱ񣬽ȫע߷ɶػҶߡ
ңȻֺ£֪ʱƴȫֻҶһԼ̫ԵУҲһҲѧ˵ƴҶħе֮ԿС
һʱ䣬ħеޱȣһҶϣٴħڡħ˲䱬ޱҫ۵Ĺâħ֮£͵裬γ̫ԡ
⾪˵ľ֮£̫һʱȻҲ޷ֻȫ
γκҫϹâ̫Ȼǹ֮ΪȴҲҡΣ˳ȥ
ûᣡħдҶ㣬ô˻߰ɣ
Ǵ⣡Ҷ㳤Хһйâħһ±˺ѿռ䣬һռŻŻȥ
֮ڣңÿһ綼ת仯˴滻ֻҪӳ磬һ֮У̫Ա޷׽Ϣ׷ɱ
ˣۼҶҪߣԼȴһʱ޷׷̫Բɶݺݵһ䡣
ʱǧһ֮ʣӰȴͻȻħ֮࣡
һˣĿεħ磬һЦͻȻսȭͷ׼ħһȭ
ߣûôסò׵õĻᣬɱʱ
˲䣬һɺƴȭһ´ħϣħ÷


393 Զ
֮УħˤϣеҶȴһ֮ȫľǺƴײ֮£ƤѣѪӿһʱ仯һѪˣԿеϣǿվסϢ
磡ޱһ˹һ½ס֮תƴشҶڣ޸ơ
ʲôˣ޳ܣŭǺ⡣
޳ܣ޳෢ŭѩӰȻͨԣǷŭʾеķŭ
̫ˣҲ͵Ϯҳ֮Σ
Ҷ̧ͷһʮǿߵӰЩǿеĴ󲿷ִŴڵۼˣҲͬˣ̫Եװ粻ͬȻȴһϵǿߡЩУֻһӵо޴ﵽ˽ףͬǳףг֮
ǰ˽ǿߣòãԼʮͣһֱ︹䣬һֳǸĸλ֮Сһףڳİһɫľһƾһ˲ſԸڿС
ʮУȴһҶˡһ¹ףҶ¶ޱȵĺ⣬ȴԨ֮ӣҶ϶֣ŷұ
ŷұ˺ޱһ漴ҧ޺޶һ޳֮ͽҪɱ㣡
֮УϾӿҪɳħ硣
ɣҶֹһ֣صޱߡ
Ҷ㣬δ갡ŷұˤϵħ磬ɷЦû뵽ҾȻڴ˵㣬Ա֮ǰ𣡡
𣿡ޱŭУʲôɱ¦ǣ㲻ȥȴ磬ʲô
ħдȴޱȣֱŷұС
סڣŷұһҶʹñֶΣʹҸͳһǵĴҵܴɣҸλ¦ȻҪɱ¦ǣȴɱ֮󣡡
˱˵Ҷ㣿ʱǱĿħ磬ŷұʵֻƳħһۣĿͶ̫ԣһĽ䱸֮ɫȻǸӦ̫Ե
ŷұ޺ҧۣһɱ֮ϵķһŲҪȫ
ǲС̫ʱ˾Ө֮˹ŷұͬߣʱһ䱸ʮǿߣĬĬ˾ʱ׼֡
ʲôˣ̫ԶЩȴмһˣֻǶסߡ
ΰǳۣӡ߽һȭʸǣ
˾ңۣ̫ԡ̫΢΢˹֡
ںְ˽ǿߣʱҶƴ֮Ҳʧ޴ʧ󣬴ʱȴǲҴ⣬İ˽ǿͻӦλ˽׸Ҳһ㣬ȴѾﵽ۷壬ʱܽŽ׵ĸ֡
ˣȴ˱Ŀӡ
ԭһλۡӡҲ̫ĸ֣æΪ񣬺ǺǶЦң˵أѰʥĹټô
ұѾʥĹ֮Уֻۼһλ۷ͻȻʥ֮ȴʹʥĹֱӱˡ̫赭д˵ţҫ֮ȴѾԱ
ʲôӡһʥĹȻˣ
ܣŷұ㵴УʥԻԼ磬ôôѵܹĻԼ
ֻʥĹʥźûʲôˡ̫һЦĻͻˣڴ˴ܴԽǿˡ
ô˵ʥĹȻڣֻǻ˸طӡĿһ
Ȼ̫Цˡ
ңۣʶԵЯѰΣӡһЦʱң۵õʥźСҲɸŷôǿϮ֣ɽ֮ˣǻ
Ȼá̫ԵһЦͷħ硣ֻҶոճҲȥһȴҪ֮ջء
ʲôӡǺǶЦȥ˱㽻ңˡķС಻Ⱦָ۱ǡ
ã̫Իͷһʱɱ¶Ҫ֣ȴҶЦ
̫ԣ𣿡
ˣ̫ԲȻŭʱҪ֡
һսѾ˼ǶһҶ΢ЦȻһȴӡȴʢǰ˽۷ǿߣȫһ̡ҿǳǸ֮ˣԸʥźѾ漣ʥźʱ㣬ǲ˼顣ϲֻǼɵ㵣رɱ㣬Թס㡣ҪɱңȴҪ˱㲻Ķ֡ʮλֵʱһӵϣ㻹ڣ
̫仯Ҷһѣȴ뵽ֿܡ
ңۣ˵ӡȴһüȻǱҶ㿴ԼΪáһüȴּװŭҶ㣺ң۵ìܣ˽𣿱ˣԨӣ˼ȻгǱ㽻ɣǿ֮ĩɱͬնһ㣬ɣ
λҪϵŷұһҶǹƶˣĻλҪԣһɱǣ
̫ʱҲһͷһ֣ͬȽɱ˵
ðҶЦЦȴ͸ҪˣɱҺսƷô֡ħ˭ӹ˭ħлһֹ˭֮⣬һʮöԪƾʿ鵤ԼʮöӢ鵤ЩӢ鵤ÿһöǿֱӽ߽ףֹ˭
Ҷԣڳȴɶġ̫֪֮ģҪȻӦӡȻ֪ҶķжЩҩĹЧȴҲ¶̰֮⡣
Ȼ˲õıЩ״ֵĵҩ˵ȴһҲЩ
԰̫۾һӡۣ˵ЩӦηأ
ȻȫңӡǺһЦ׳Ͽҡ
رȴģ̫ԣ𣿡ҶЦ
Цȴ֮ǰˡ
ң۲Ҫӡɫһ䣬漴ָֻҵ˼ǣη䣬ȫңšΪŽǿߣһ۹ף᲻֣һôɣ
˵ţȴЦ
Ȼ̫ԻͷѾӡһ˿䱸΢Цħ;ʣµĵҩһһΣ
ȻǼõġӡæͷ
ããҶЦ˳ȴǰڴΣȴҵ֮˿ѵΪұ𣿡
ãŷұһҶǹʹ֮ƣ
δ֮ʣħѾһԾ˲Ϣ֮䣬ħֱ̫Գȥǳ֮Χռ䣬һ֮ӡβȡ
ӡʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫҲʼҶ㵱ǿ˿
Ҷȫһ̫ҲԳȻ֮ɫ󲻵˼ҵս֮Ҷ㾹ȻԱһ֮£ӦٶȴһҲ޷ʱ۳˵Ĺ֮С
ֻƾű֮ٵ۳һö⽣ħײһǡ
һײ֮£ħʱԶԶص˳ȥ·ǵֿǽϾһ㡣
̫Լ֪һǿ
ڴʱһȴͻȻħзշ֮۳һɴߣֱӡ˻ȥ


394 ѩӰԪ
ʲôۼǴϮӡųһ亹
Ž֮оŽ׸ħ֮𣿡ϳǴ̺֮ʱһʱɫ
ôһ˵Ҳ⣬֮ȴǲԾȥǼ֮Կ
һߵ߶ֱӡɱӡ޿ɱܡ
ȫܿȻҲԣһֻάһһ죬ȴٶȴЩһƶӿһȺ˱Ҫˤϡ
ǸӡŭĴ͵ſƣ˲һ޴磬ֿٵݻһʵľ޶ܣһµסһ
һ֮ƴޱȣȻһ±ײ˾޶ܣֱӡȥ
ã֮УӡȴҲ˲࣬һչԶͬʱٴλ֣֮۳һŴһ½СȻǿ֮ߣʱߺƬɢ
ʱħȴѾ˹һ飬ֱ׹ȥŷұˡ
ŷұ׵壬ۼҪ֮ʣȴ͵һҧݣһ½λ׵ĸ˳ȥԼһʱλûüͱħֱӳ顣
ħһתֳ˹Ŀŷұ
ŷұ¹һȴʹܶڿл裬ض˾ħһƽڵϡ
˾Ͳˣħֱӳ׹Ⱥ֮Уһ±㽫λֱӳ䣬Ρ
ӡۼ˲˴룬˫ͨ졣ǰȴһȻƣߣХҪҧȴϾ˼£ֻȫɣ̫Զȥ
ңң
õĶǲǾŽǿֻ֮Ҷ԰˽֮ģɣʲô̫һȴҶ͵س˹ȥ
һƣֱӴҶ㣬ȴһӨ֮⣬˲仯˾ȭֻһȭͽҶ˸飡
һȭУ̫ȴסȻǷڿеҶƬͻȻŭһ˶Ȼɱҵĸй٣
һƬʱɢֻǵħ㣬Ҷ
ȴҶڹɱӡµͬʱʱʹ˵ԨƵɱθй֮ԼԭصļʵϣȴѾӾħ˺һռŻ˲ӳ죡
ʱħ磬Ѿͨʮ磬һ۵С֮УɻƶСһ㣬һ
ħ֮УҶȫԡѪϢ΢ͬвѾ֧Ųסڵϡ
磡ޱֵؽѩӰ飬಻ģų˹ΧҶߡޱǲһеؽ֮ҶڣƴԼˣҲҪȻҶ
Ҷ㣬㲻ţȴѾ˵⡣Ҫô죿Ҫôܾȵ㣿˭Ⱑ
ѩӰҶߣͷҶգϵѪȥţУᣬһһεҶϡ
Ҷ㣬ޱͻȻͷ죬һХХУһ𣬻һ
ѩӰǡҪȻѩӰ漴ҡͷԣԣѩӰҪԼҶ𣿡
֮УѩӰȻʮһǰĹâӨĹζ֮ϣһֻСǵ
ԪȻԪһֻҪעܳʥʥ޲۳޾˵ѩӰСһȻȻעԳΪʥ𣿡
ȴҪʹԪ뱾尡׻ǾѵԼԪҶ𣿡
찡Ƕôĸ飬һֻעҪΪʥ޵޷һУȸȻȻ
Ƭ֮䣬֮еСѾȫ۳ΣѩӰһȴ˵ϣϢһһεߣȴעС֮С
ѩӰʱҶȴ۾ѩӰۿϢȫѩӰߣˮƴҡͷܡ
˵꣬ȴֻ˹ȥ
ʧǰƴСǣȴùâ䣬ɢǿϢձܣҶҶؿϣԴҶӡ
ѩӰлл㣡ޱῴСǣ磬ԭҵ˽ɡҲֹѩӰΪҲֻϧҲûԪԸԼ׳㲻
˵ţҶʹ
Сתͷ˿ؽһһ»һâֱײҶ֮С
һ⻪Ҷڣ˲仯Ϊ⣬ߡѾʹùȶή˵磬ԼѾή˵ļ壬Ѿ˥˵֮âӰ֮½ָ
һ⻪ͬˮһҶԭҰ֮У˹֮꣬£պʹءѾ˹âħ֮ǣʱٶɢ޴ҫҫ۵Ĺħ֮еħħǼ𣬺Х
ԭҰ֮УһҶͻȻԵվãȻܡ
ѩӰ𣿡ţչ˫۸ӦĹ㣬۸о̺ϤϢ
㾹ȻԼҡˡûã̫ûˣ
Ȼ䣬͵ۣһħͬɽ
Ҳôȥţгһܷʥʲô壿ػԼĻ飬ǳΪʥˣҲһõķѩӰţҷһҪػסһҪԾǿ㸴
У͵̧һɲħ֮ħǵȫһֱӴϣʱΪһжһ޶ףеָӣ͵裬ЩѩӰɵĹڿвۡ
أһֻҫâС󽥽֣۳Ρ岢֮ǰһʾһ͸֮ɫ·ˮƳɣַ·һʵЩӢ顣
Ҷ㾹Ȼǿ֮ǿнѩӰԪָ
Ȼд󲿷ֵѾɹ黹ѩӰ֮֮Ǽ䣬ȴȫҶƵرӡӢС֮ڡ
ƴСǣŷɱһ䵽Ҷ֮ϣǵ
ѩӰģһҶ㿴Ӣ黯ѩӰ֣صسŵ
ǰƴСѩӰʱغУƺ˵ţ
Ҷ㲻Цˡı仯תħ󷨿ʼҽơͬʱȡħе֮޲Լ
ˣ֪ʱߡһħеҶͻȻ۾ȴָ
磡ޱһҶ磬һΪ㡭Ϊ㡭ѩӰѩӰ
Ҷ֪Ҷ㻺ͷḧ㷢ѩӰ壬ͻȻһ̧֣һ֮Ӣ黯СѩӰıܻš
ѩӰޱȵСѩӰ
ѩӰûҲɾ漴˷ܵشУ̫ˣ̫ˣ
һԵĵ̫ǿˡҶ˵ȴòȼ֮ѩӰΪ˾ңԼԪתҵԪѾתȴ޷¹黹ֻܽѩӰļʣµԪΪʱԭҰ֮С
ѩӰ壬˵ڵһûعԼ¸һ죬ҿһλѩӰҪúðãˡ
ġͷҽһ𣬱֤һë


395 
ѩӰȻ˰Ӣ״ֻ̬ܾҶԭҰ֮УϾұҲ֮ǰǰ㱯ˣЦҲԶҶ˰ɡ
԰úѩӰ壬ħȹ̡Ũ֮ػ
ʱҶȴɫػ˾һ֮Уʱ֮ӵӢ鸡ֳһצھץץȥץһŵ֮ڿϳһε顣
齥üۡΣײϱ仯ȴ޷嵽ʲôˡ
˰ҲȻ̲סʣҶ㣬ʲôҪ黯ǿǾŽ׸ֵ㲻дµİ취ܷӳ
ˡҶҡҡͷδŽף֮գȴѾھŽףȻ֮ɱϣֻܽ߸ؿֻҪңַȴŽ׻Ҫ񣬱չֶθǿ
˵ţָһΣͬʱۣ֮ʱӵǣ
ãһͷ֮뵽֮С
Ƭ֮ҡһʹడʹడ˭ǵʹ࣬ԸΪ䵱ţ
˵֮䣬ȴϱ任м˽˵һ仰һ㡣
ҿԽǵʹࡣҶ˵Ҫʵ֪һУ
ԸȫгӦ
磬ǣޱʡ
ԾɱЩǿ֮ʱȡǵ֮Ҷ˵֮۳εķӣٽΪ飬ǵɽǵʱ۳֮飬ʡ
ԭˣޱȻ򣬡Ƿ㰡
ҶһЦɫһηʣкĿģ
һⲻ֪𣿡
ޱ˸ͣ統Ȼ֪ѰʥźģֱôʣȻֻ˵Ѱʥź֮££񲻾ǴˣʣȻὫ¶һһ˵塣
ԭˡͷ˼û뵽һʻҲ¶ǻ۲ͬ
Ѱʥźͷ­֣֮ѾյʥȺϲܻøش
ͷ­ȣһʲô˼˵ʥȣܣȻдܰ
ҲȤһ
˵ѾʥȣҶʣںδã
ΰϹؾ֮Сش
ô˵ʥźǷѳ֣ɢڲͬĿռ֮ˣҶʡ
ϹŴ˵Уʥ˷֮ѱըֽ󲿷֣Ϊͷ֫ش𣬡ⱾֻǴ˵˵棬ǰʥźʼɢϹؾ仯ΰǿ̽Ѱ֮󣬻ʥź֮ȣ֪ʥ磬֮֮ͨ£ˣ·ǿ߲ſʼؾ̽ͨ̽ʥźй֮Ϣ
ʥĹ֪٣Ҷʡ
ǿ߸Ӧ㣬ʥĹ֮Ӧֻʥ˵֮ûź˵ֻҪʥĹͨ򣬱㶼ʥźڣˣʥʶĻϵͨ
Ƿᵽʥͷ­ҶʣѵǴʥĹ֮ڣ
ʥĹҡͷھʥĹһ֮Уǲֻ֪֣֪һŴǣҽʥĹֱͨ·ĳ
ǣҶ۾һ
㻹֪Щʲôȫ˵ٴ׷ʡ
ʥ޷ֱӶȡ˵ڣͷйأʥͷ­ʥĹʥͷ­װʥȫͨ硣ֱӸӦʥ֫λãѰǷ㡣
ж֪ܣҶʡ
Ǳ㲻֪ˡҡͷֻǿָ£֮£ǲ˽⡣ʹ࣬ʹ࣬Ѱ֪ȫ˵ˣǽѰɣ
˵ţȴҵŤ
ۣɢǵǰɡҶһ֣αٲΣ۷αʱɢա
˿Ӧػˡޱ˵û뵽ϾȻʥͷ­Ӧ֮аɣ
˵׼Ҷ˵Ȼȥ˵ɡ
ָħ緢ռŻ֮׼ֱӴԽռĿռŻ˼ȴɹʥ˴ҶȴֻѰ·;ˡ
䣬ѰͬϢѾǰ˽׹֮ȫǵӦ֣ܿӦ֮Լ׽һ˿ǵϢ
ֱӼħƿȥһԽ󣬻صϡ
֮أȴ񾳵ΧʱǿռŻѾȫʹãҶֱӳħ紩ȥԨصŻ֮س֡
һ֣о󲻶ͷ˵ɽƧ֮УصüмǲһڸڰػνһʧҶһŻӦ֮ȴκθֵϢֻɽ޷ݣȴ󲻶ͷ
¾ȻػʱãʲôⷢٽռŻֱӾ͵ħ֮У
ֻѾ˱ʣҶ΢΢üһ½ħɱθйٵչϢأħΪССĵԨ۶ڳǶȥ
һ·УʹöݷֻΪַҶƾħ֮ٵ֮УµϢֱӽ乬С
ʱڴ֮ϣǰѷŵİüҡͷҶ۲ңڲħ磬Լڼǰ
Ҷ¼ҶͻȻ֣ʱһ漴һϲվ̫ˣˣ
ʲô£Ҷʣͬʱ֮ӿ˰ʹϢ¶ȥ
¸ӦҶȴ¶ɫôôʱ䲻Ҷ
ҽ˽׶ѡҶ˵ͷ
Ҷţ¼ֱ֪˵ʲô޺ãֻĴָͷ
˵¡Ҷ˵ΪγػռŻ֣ǲʲô·
ȷʵ»ͷȥЩ֣ȴûа취¡Ȼҵĸ֮ˣй¶ռŻϢȥʽţֻפȴ˵Ĳ²⣬Ҫ¶ռŻ˽ǳ
ʲô˿ס𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼ̾˿˵ȴλ߽׸еһˣɴ۹񡣡
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʣ߶ʲô˲õظ𣿡
⵹ö֪˵ͻȻһʹֶΣƵҽΪһȨתƵСұ˸Щӵ°Ҫģִ֣ʵȴѾҵȨȥ
ʹʲôֶα㣿Ҷһü
¿ЦһָָԼؿڡ
ԭҰҶĿһ
ǡµͷԭҰ֮˿µħʱұʧĵķӣµĿܡҲ³Ϊӡܡ
˵꣬̾һ


396 
ܽħڶԷԭҰҶ㻺ͷô˵⹨гŽ׵ĸֳˣ֪㱳֧ԮԸ֡
Ž׵ĸ֣һô˴ڣ
һǵǿߡҶ˵½õϢʥĹ֮ʵûʥźڣֻʥ֮ʥźʵϷѳֱ֣֮ϣˣʥܸ֫ϵͨǵͨϣȴʥͷ­
ʲôĿɿڴȻ£ʥͷ­֮⣬ʥźڣȴ벻ˡ
ѰңֻǿҲͨס㣬ٶ˴ȨֶˡҶ˵
ô죿ǡ
ԭҰħ֮˵Ҷż£һ»ħ磬һкҶżִͷһʱɷ˼µԭҰ֮С
Ȼֿ֮ģҶ׵ֱӽһƬԭҰ
ʱһħȴͻȻ𣬽ţһߴıħԭҰ֮СǱħأǿ׳ޱȣһѪɫսףɢɱ⡣
ħҶ㲻ҡͷһЦû뵽ȴˡ
ʱǺħͷҶ㣬͵طһСС࣬ɣ֮䣬͵̧һֻȭͷ޴ʱȭۣȻҶ㡣
ʲôҶ΢΢ҡͷʵеʱħ˹ԭҰʱһȭһɫħ֮Ȼһ±㽫Ǻħľȭ˸顣
ħţ˿ȥ¶֮ɫ
ʲôˣôôŭȴһ䣬ħ֮ͨɤ
˼Ҷ㿴Ǻħ΢΢ͷˣǾŽ׸֮۳ɵļǣԺħ֮ڼԭҰ֮УȴǾŽ׸ֵв¡ֶΣû뵽Ž׸־Ȼ֮ǹĪⰡ
ƻҵļƻֻһŭ
Ҷȴȫں֮䣬һϴǺħţǾ޴ޱȵĺħʱɳһХ֮ѳȴҪʱƿµԭҰߡ
ߣΪǾŽ׸ͨ籨ţҶһһץ䣬гһֻ֣һ½ץУһ㽫ȫ飬Ϣ˲ͱħߣµԭҰ֮Уʱָƽ
ջҶ㽫̧һͷۣѾˡ
¿Ҷ㣬ϲ֮ȴɸ𺳡ҶŽ׸ֵƳֱ񣡡
⵹ѡҶ˵Ž׸Ȼǿ󣬵ȴӦСʹֶ㡣Ҳ²⣬ӦǾŽ׸ǿ۳һһԵķ񡣡
˼ǣһǿ׻ƣʡ
ڻ֪ΣȴҪȲ˵ĵϸҶ˵ʥźѳݣһ֪µǿߵֹһҲһλǿߣȥἴֵһźֻ˾ǿɵĲһ¡Ҳ֪·ǿ߾֮⣬ҲóȻ֣ԲֶͨΣȿǸø֮Ѱңȴױ˷ֵַ
һ˼ʣ֪Ԩڣûʲôĸ֣
߾һˡ˵ǹǿߵġʵǼҵצж㣬۷ĸ֣ʵǿ߽һ̳
㱻ÿԼһΣҶʡ
ãһЦǲҵģֻǶ㿴ңҼκˣҲκҡǶӦһλ״ۣʹöݷңδǽ㱻ȥôΪɴˣԴȴ˸ˡ
ðԵļһҶһЦҲãһɱҲ֪㽫Ǳ㶯ֽ¡
⵹ð죬ֻҪҼװʹݷߣءһͷ
֮ǰȴȽԸ׾١ҶЦ˵
ҵһҪ֪ǳ׵ĸ֣ҶȻף˵ƾ࣬ȴȻ޿ܡ
ɻ֮ʣҶȴ̽ڿһץʱ𣬾һ֮˲ħħ죬һöӢ鵤֮ţɵҶС
Ҷ㽫Ӣ鵤ڼУһЦƬ̼߽֮
ʲôȫסˣӢ鵤ȴԼĶ䡣
Ӣ鵤Ц˵ʹ׸һ½߽ףұʳֵҩŻ߽֮
ô˵ȴûнȹ̡Ҷѣ⣬Բá
áã¼ѣҲ̲סͣûо֮ţﵽףѾǳԼļޣ߽֮Ѳû뵽û뵽
Ǿ°ɡޱһЦȻ˵˵ͻụ֮̀ޣȴһֲ
ֲҲֵˣ¼صͷһ½Ӣ鵤УȻҰĵطϢ֮ϱӿȻȴ˳߽ס
ʧ֮󣬼һԾ˸ǿţ̲סЦ漣漣û뵽֮꣬Դﵽ־磡˵
һ˵ţһתƣһռ֮趯ۣݻһµǿޱȡȻȹ̣ȴҲɼһߣԶʤ֮ǰ
ڵԶԿǸ۷Ķ㡣Ҷ˵Ϊףȴᰵ㽫£㵽ʱֻҪ˳֮±á
ǣ¹һ񣬲Ƶ۾ѣӵʦ
ΪȴһҲΪҪ֪֮£ʵǿֻҪҹޱɵõܣױѾǼޣûпܴﵽ߽סҶԵҩ֮ȴǸĻˣһ죬ﵽһҲ޷ﵽĸ߶ȡ
Ķ飬ͬʱ죬ǶҶʩʦ֮ҲΪ
Ҷʾ֮£뿪ħ磬ҶħɶСڼµ֮ڡȲһԼǿ󣬱ʱʹݷװҪ빬ȥ
ҪȥȻ䣬һһߴӰʱ޿ռ֮Уһ½סס£⡣
һλڽףĽ׳ӣһ䵭â۾һͷȴֻдǹ죬ˡ
㣬ʲôҪȥͨɣʡ
Ҹ°ȫȻҪչܵɱһȴסӦ
ҵİȫЦһ˵ú㲻ǹһ߹߼ңҵжˡʶ޿̣Ҫúýѵ
㼸ӣ㻹ΪԼʲôˣɫʱһ䣬ɱ¶ӿһħ̧֮䣬ȴһֻ޴ȭͷһս
֣ȲļȴѾȶ֣һ͵һƻʱ۳һ޽Ŷ㵱ش˹ȥ
Ŷ߽֮㲻һ


397 ǿ
߽֮д˷ܡ
˵ôʧķһ㣬ҪҽЦֻ͵ǰץһ±㽫Ǿ޽ץסȭͷУ޴ãһʱħһ㽻ҫ
ʹǾ޽ȴ޷ֵĿƣ෴»һ־޽ҪȫѹĸӦɫһ䡣
Ϊ߽׸־Ϳǰ𣿡ЦûرֶΣ￴ôҪ𣿺ߣ;ڲôҲֻÿ㡣úϣǵҲϧԲȻҪҶԿұֻɱ㣡
̧һħӿ˲仯һֻȭȭͷſڰתÿһָǽڷһ֮չʾԼǿ
һħƣÿһָ·֮֩˿಻ǲдŻ֮֮⣬ȻһӰʹпʼϵּ˼֡
㾹Ȼôʱо
ú¡ҶʱȴĶСǿ٣ȻԼʹ֮ȴգʲôǿķкηҵĶ֡
ȴһսʱٲо£Ǽޱߵս⣬ХһתƣǱԷȭסľ޽ʱڴʱҶĽħ˹ȥһ²Ǿ޽ϣ޽ʱųâ͵һʣ㽫Ǿȭʵ÷顣
ʲôϲ¾ȻʹȻ
ɲ֮䣬Ӧ¾޽ϢȻи֮ۡУȴȴ֮ģһһֻȭ˳ȥݺݻ¡
´ʱҶȴη壬Ц֮ǰһ֣Ǿ޽㼲նֱӽһֻȭӵն롣
ƲֱŶȥ
ɱ㣡㱻ԣͻȻ˫һչһĹâŴɢγһȦһȦĲƣǲƲ֮䣬޽ٶһ·̶һ㣬ֻܻƶ
ҵˣҶħ΢΢һЦּ̧䣬˳żµǰһ¾ƿصĲƣֱ֮С
һ䣬Ϊȵľ֡
ʲôֶΣô۴ҵġ֮ġҲȥ
ţһȴȻֹΪѾŴ룬һâҲűѣ໯Ϊ˱һƬѪţ޿ռ֮оȴٲһ
ʹ죡յۼͷж
Ҷһ̧֣һ˳ȥ˲佫ʬУһ漴ħ֮У̧һ֮䣬һĹâͶС
ȴһŷġȫɾӨĹɣ·ˮһ㣬ҶϸӦһŽǿ֮Ĳ̽һ£̲صȻޱȣԼһʱҪ⿪ػȴҲ԰쵽
ֱӽǹâһԣħѹסⷨʱѹ
һ֣֮Ҷתۼ۳˶ģҶһͷᣬҶ㿪ڣʱʹԼó֮ʹӵ˼򵥵ǡ
ǰ֮ǰļ䣬ȥ˸ӵ˼룬ʹ֮ҶԿ޷ƭҶ㡣
ʵ۲ôƭҶҲ޷쵽Ҷħ֮ȫԿĻԡ
ʱھţһ֮ĿͣҶ㣬ȴ·ʶ
⡭³񹦣ȴɾſڽ˵
㣬˭㿴ۣ֮УҶϣʡ
ǷҼ֮ش
ǺˣҶʡ
ͭٹϽа𡣡ش
ںδʲôҶʡ
ϽȻԨ۽ˣ˴Ȩ֮ҹѰʥͷ­ش
аʵΣҶʡ
˽ǿߡش𡣡۵ұۣΪεˡ
ǴۺڣҶʡΪβѰʥͷ­Ҫ֪ʥʥĹھϣΩʥͷ­Դʥ֮ȡһ޴ݺ֮䰡ѵǴ۲֪£
֪ش𣬡ֻϣȴʥұۡʥźĲ֣õ߱ݺ£޵֡˴ȴҪȥȡʥұۣǿУõʥͷ­֮䣬ҲҪӵо߽һжߡ
Ǵ۽ʲôʵΣҶʡ
ͭٴ档ش𣬡һĸ֣Žףǿޱȡ
Ծڴˣϸ˵Ȼ浽жǿҲûһ׼ȷĸ뵽Ҳ⡪һ׵ǿߣܸӦŽǿֱ
Ƿ֪ȫǵܣҶʡ
֪ҡͷĿǰֻ֪ǡǺ͵ۼǡ֪ǣΪǿ߽ʥұۣ֪ۼǣΪ֮¡
֮£ǴӺε֪Ҷ׷ʡ
ֻһԱ󽫣֪̫ܡ˵
ôѰʥźķ֪٣Ҷʡ
ÿһʥźΧǿĺػҵټҵʥź˵
飿Ҷʡ
ǵġͷţʥ˷֮ѳݣ֮磬ѵɢٽ֮ϡͲʹǻͨɢ֮֫ϲ֮벿֮ϣǿĺ飬ػÿһʥź
ôѰҺټҶ׷ʡ
ֻһԱ󽫣ЩҲ֪ҡͷϽаȴһ֪۲ǰ˵ء
а빨һ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǡͷϽȡ˵ĴȨ乮Ѿȫȡ˹ΡǰϽ˵Ѿ֣֮ʼøɳӢǸѰҺټˡ
ԭˡҶ΢΢ͷ⣬֪ڴˣȴ˵ʲôмֵĶҶҲֻգһ֣ջأɢ˶ǣʱʧˡ
벻һʥźᣬȴݻϡ̲ס̾ڿǵۼЩνǿȥȴȫ塣ʥź²Ž֮ûʸֻЩǿѵȫڱ᣿ϵ̫Ժӡʱںεأ
룬һڰпţȴɡҶһЦӦ֪ǵаǾǱڰУֻаջ󣬱ʱ֣벶ȸں󡣡
أޱʡ
ֻһζȴֻµʱȴҪһ񡣡Ҷ˵Ҫҵа𣬽֮ϸʳѰ֮ȻԼѰңҶʥκ˶޷ĸӦѰȴǿϰٱʱȶʥͷ­ʥ֮䣬²ܽʥźȫȫ


398 
񽫼֮УԼȴûҾڻʳǣǺʶڸ֮ۡСħ֮УҶ֮ܿҵ֪Ǳ˽ȥ
ʱһ֮ڣĸ֮˻㱨һһƵƵͷ˷һԼ֮壬ѹե
ͽ²üͷ塣
ʱĸӦȥбֻʣ˹һˡĴһһȴЦٹã˾ȫҿƣʱĪҲӣұֱӽ˱۹ұǧһͳһĴۣۣ
Ȼһȣһռ֮ȴͻȻһ½һƬ޿ռ֮С漴ҶߣñĿⶢס
㡭ôָҶ㣬ָ
ûϵôɣҶһЦҵ֮ǿ󡣴Խ˵̽ȡһסΪۣȡȨұ޿κˣ
ҶҶ񾪿ִУ֣ҶȴӦ񲻶ԣĵͬʱԭҰоȻһħڶҪߡ
ôӣҶһһּ䣬ħ֮ʱһħȡ˹ֱѹǰ㻹ˣֶ֪ͨа𣿡
ô֪
аצѾһС˵㻹ʲô˵ģ
ҡҡ͵ҧͻȻһץȴͻȻУһżиȥͬʱʹݷҪ˲ȥ
ֶǰסңһЦ߽֮˿ûаη壬һץץһ޽ֱӻնȥСȻ䱻ײ˲飬Ҳ˲أ̧һȭһ´
ҶȻ֪ļӦһУһʼֱӳֹһȵ֮˹ȥʱСƴȴҶĶ֣һ±㱻ص˽ǰ
ң֮ţ촽Ҳ˶¡
аѾˣŵؽţһжָʹҸɵģұ˶ΪˣɱңѰĿܣҲûа취Ȼ췴Ҳһֱ𣿲Ȼа˼罫ɱˡ
ȥҶʡ
ȥἫа˵
ΪȥҶʡ
һߣȿң֮˴Ȩ󣬾Ͳǧľ֣Χе°ӻƣնȴ޴֮ءаæ˵ǰЩڼԵĵطʱȥˡ
áҶһͷ㽻ʹ죬ұȲɱ㣬֮ȴҪıˡָ·ǰȥ
˵ţħ֮С
ۡת£һ֡Ѿ߽ףҲɨƽ˼ˣɳô˻ȨΪ֮
ǣ¼æʩ
˼£Ҷħȥڹһ·ָ֮£ˡԽӽԽǺ棬¿ȥֻһƬƬıԭȥһɽǰ
ʵָ·ʱһɽǰҪԽɽ֮ʱ䴩ԽͻȻһ⻪ȻһЦЦͬʴǵħһħɢ֮㱡
ôӣҶһħ֮ħ֮ӿ˲ͽħ飬ͬʱǿħŹ˲߽⡢ѣڲҽлΪҽм
ʱ֮ȴͻȻһҵĿռŻŤ֣ʮŻзŶݷ֮ħ֡
һˣʮ꣬Ǹߣɫ˸һħ⣬һ֣һֻȭһðСֱεħ硣
ҶһѷֳȥħΪһ壬˲һȭǿ֮һײǾȭ֮ϣһСһԿ֮䣬ɲǾͷֳʤǾȭķѣ
ʲô˱ɣ͵ϮļҶʡ
ʮУȻҲնɣҶ˲ע⵽ܸ֮գȴȫһ˵
һۣһͷ˳´ʮƮݣͷһڣɫ͸һƽ֮һֻڴ֮УʲôǷɢһʹ˿Է졣
ҲǷʹ֮ǰܳɹڴˣҶȴ޷֡
ʮĸ֣ǳߣˡˣǿĽףΪǡ
СӹȻ׼߶Ҷ㣬һЦû´ĻǸʲôҶ𣿡
ǡҶһͷ
˼ߵͷ뿴һƾһ֮ıһȨļһʲôȻһɫҶ㣬¶ʵҿ
ôħһǸʲô
ðҶһͷǻ־ܣԹԱҽħ֮УȻܼˡ
ħ磿ʱĿһǰħ磬ϲͷ⾹Ȼһףһ編ħֱ֮ͺħ֮ħһ㣡Ȼܽ۳ΣǿҪ֪ģĪģĪֻдﵽزǿܽõֻ֣ҵɷ츲أϽҽȡ
ǣһЦתҶ㡣Ҷ㣬Ѿɱ˶ɣҲ޷㡪Ϸа𣬶λͭٹСе¡Ҷ˶ǳ˽ףȻǿһжֻһܣǹԹԽǼɣһ
úˡбۣĬĬʲô󿪿ڴаĻ΢΢һЦҷѾˣħУʥħһͳ֮࣬Ƕľ棬ֱӶ֣ܶñ
ãаЦţȭҶ㹥ȥһֻȭ˲֣ȴСɣŲͬϢҶȥ
ħ磿롣ҶҡͷһЦ̧֮䣬ħϢδħڻֱӵħе֮ת۳µ硣
˽֮֮ĿƲֱﵽ۷壬ʱ֮Ӧ֣仯޷ҽǣġ
һħ֮۶һɵУҶ֣Щʮһħзתа
дٶȿ磬аܣʱȦסɫһ䣬Ҫľȭڲִټ伱æջأȫֵЩд
ȭصߣŴһӣеĴתٵĥǾȭһʱ䣬ȭѺƿڣƬ֮ͱĥ˸ɾ
ôôǿаʶҶǿֵزɾʧ
Žǿ߶սѵ˽׺Ҷ˵ɣҿ˭˭ķ
̧һת֮䣬дתø죬аȥ
аֻԼڱ֮Уÿһ˲ϢϢиԼԼֵۣͨط֣δ壬ԼϱѾѿһСӣƤ֮Ҳк˿Сѿڳ֡


399 
Сңشһȫȭһʱ䣬ȫȭӰȴ仯ɵôֻһͷСȫд
أͻȻһ̧֣һֱе¶˳ŵģȻһöл֮ϲת۾۾аͷСɫͫɢһã֮⡣
ۣ֮أӻȥ򷨣޲һ壡
ţּ佫ǻ֮ʱ֮еĴסʹ䲻ȥаһ
͵һЩ֮ȭʱٶ󣬻ӰСʱγһǿȭƷһȫŻ֮߶ԼȭķӲǽдײһȱڣԼ
һѳȴٲҴ⣬æеߣһٴеӡͬʱһ̧֣ȫͬԸˣ
һʱʮλָԴ
˶˲𰡣ħзЦָ࣬ЩССϺʲôǿɶס߽׵Ĵڣ
Уɢħ硣
Ļȴؾûɢæȥˡ
ãбԻ֮סд󣬵ʱȴ֣Щ֮ڲϵ֮УȻֽ⣬ǴתۿҪɱ
̫ǲУæۣдʣʲôͻȻһ۱һִԶȥ
СӣǸʲôаȴһ
ʱԣ뿪нţּ䣬ͻȻһһ統ն裬ͻȻֲһϳһ밵磬һߴʥħӰȴ֮УɢħʥħҶײ
ԭʥħҶ㻺ͷѹң̫Цˡ
ֻּ̧һһʥħѾвʥħ򣬸ʥ֮ţֱӷ˹ȥԷʥħһɣƬ̼ɾһ˿ۼ
ʱѰһˣȴһҲˣ֪Զ٣ʹǻ֮۵ڸ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ħȫһ
ҲܹʲôҲޱ˵ǵʵǣѰʥźɡ
ҶʱħɶȫϢһ䵽˱ԭ֮ϡʱȻѾûָߣҶ㷽ڸ߿пһطλɽ֮䣬һƬߴִǷϹ˵֮һ
һ·ֵضȥƬ̼ѵҶϸӦƾűħȴ׵ظӦ˴һºΧƣȻڼ֮أһƬоȻ޴ڣֻǾ뿪ӣܵ˾ţҲֻӷΧ֮ڷȥ
ѵܣ̲סʡڵ²ɣ
˵ˡҶϸӦΧ仯ҡҡͷΧȴԼ֮Ʈƶаֻһζȥƫ;æϸһ
ţϵѰңҶ㽥ҵһ˿Ȼһ̧ޱ߾ΧĿռʱһǧ֮УȻ֮˳ڿлƮ
ϣҶ󶯼䣬ħеʥʥ֮ͬʱ˲䴫Щ֮Ƭ֮䣬֮۳һֵŻҶһ³ħС
һŻΧľɫһ䣬һʱĿҵĹӰһ˿ĹߣΧûϳһ׽ӵԲΣ粨һԶɢÿһͬԲײ֮ʣͻײĽ𻨡
ħСЩʵ̫ܣȴǱ޿ɱܵر䲻ײСɲǼ䣬һ˺Ѱʹħ֮Уħ磬ҲϮ
ʲôȻħҲסһæҵصֵȴ⿴һʱ֪ʲôճ˺ۣ۵ֽС
¡Ҷ̧һץֱԿץһǽʱϣȻյһۼһһģǽ߱ɢΣץ˼ץ߱ץУ˽֮ʹ͵شһȫħбʱߡ
жϣһħʱ⻪ֱӽЩ߷顣
ٻּ䣬ħӿħΧʹЩߵٲڡ
ÿ£һ͵ض˶ӣЩ˺۾ȻȥĻҳһ㣬һ¾ȫȥ
ôһ£ޱҲ˺ۣʱһҲƮȥ
Ⲣǵˣֻļ󡣡Ҷ˵ֱӽħ֮˺ǡ
ǻþޱʡ
ҶҡͷƣǱ㲻ֻǻþĽסһ
ʥźȻ׵ðɸ̾λǱӽСĲǣ
ͬʱͷҲ˼صͷ
ⲻϵĹӰ仯֮£ħһ·ǰȥֱ˼ʱǰŻȻʣһССء
һأйµһСдգΧһΧƣԶԶȴ۵Сˮһ㡣
ȻбޱָеĴأ㿴Сɽϣƺʲôɢʥߵ
ҲܸӦҶʡ
ħóˣǸӦЩϢҲϤˡޱ˵ͷ
˵ʥźкػȴ̰ļȴĺáּæһ䡣磬СΪ
áҶһͷȴŽһУ绺ϵع۲졢ӦΧ仯仯
˹һӣȴʲôҲûзҶһ˼ǰȥСıԵħֱָ̧ۣᴥǱԵС
ʱһ֮ȴͻȻһ֮У֮ӿ˲֮۳ţһֻֻʵȭͷƺҪųʲôҶ㷢𹥻
ȻˣҶһͷԼʱ䣿ּ̧䣬ħзǧٵУҲɴֱͬһˢȥ֮ƺݺײȭͷĴ
һööʵȭͷʱл顢иնϣɢ֮ڿƮţ۳Σֱµи
ͻȻ֮䣬ЩȭͷƺܹеϮɴԼը˹֮͵һգһڿ۳һߴΡ˰ͷͷҲ֮УֻһŰããͬ۳˴ų۴Ρ
Ǻ𣿡Ҷ΢΢ͷ̧һץ䣬ʱ£۳һιȥ·ɴصĺˮƲɵ
΢΢̧ͷȻĿģ壬һȴڰɢâһֱӺ˽ǰͻȻһ֡ʱһİ𣬻ûһ޴ĻֱתǺײ䡣
Ҷ㣬һƼ䣬ǰ֮תƿֱҶײ˹
һ֮ȴͻȻħΧħסһ֮Уٲѳ
һ飡ҶһͷȻ


400 
аǲȽΪη⺡顣ޱ̲ס˵
ˡҶͷҿǸе֣ƺǻռ֮ҲѾ㵽ʥź˲Źȱ˽ѶԸĺ飬֮
һǿҪСŵǡޱ˵
ģҲǻᱻƵˡҶһЦ͵طħʱ˰Сںϣһѵ֮ľߣӭǰ֮˹ȥȭͷ͵һӣشڰ֮ϡ
о޴Ļ䱻ȭͷкһըɢ̳תȭƴɢķ
ǿ󡣡һƽģû𣬷·ǳ˿ڣֻؼĦɵþ
Ǻ飿磬һ˿˿ɢҶԳΣźʡ
ǿߣʸҵںΧӿţκηɣ֮ݻɡԳΪ²ļ̳ߣҪΪҼҵ壬ҵĴ͸
˵ţ̧һֻһָҶҪע뵽ħ֮ĶͷϡҶԼоһ˿ʥߵ̲ס΢΢ü
⻰ʲô˼ԼӦӦýһߣ
ԥ䣬ȴѾǰᴥħԵʱħеֱ֮ӸӦһɶ⣬Ҷ㲻Ŀһʱ߶ħӢǰ߱ҵһһ±ɵһСΣʣµĿջأ˵˺ָ֮С
㾹Ȼʥ־鷢֮
ʲôʥ־ҶЦ澹ȻװŶ⣬Ӷҵұ仯ΪܡˣҲㆪ£ҲǸ򵥵ǣ˽ֱӽɢ˱ǣ
һ˦һĹֱźȥ
ƺǹҪҶһ䣬ȻҲһĳޣͬһطֳһһڿñֱ
һħ֮һǰΣֳһˣڰһʱ䣬Ȼ˭Ҳ˭
ƿҶһٴηħ֮ʱ߶ϣ֮仯ɾħʱħһ㽫֮޽˸飬ź鵱ػȥ
ǲ㲻ֻϰһͬɽ緢ӿϷγһƬİ硣УԼй¥ɣȥ·ǽɾ֮У˵һ㡣
ͻȻ䣬쳹ϰƥ֮ͻȻһƬбڶӭžħֱ˹ȥħȺзɳһƬƬƲмһƥƥ֮ھħ֮»˰ɢ֮ȴǶסħҶ
ȻöԸҶ㽫ħٴһħʱһ֮У͵һʣ˲ʳİ
ħڿһ𣬱ʱͬһǺȥ
ͷϿ֮֮Уʱɳһ̨ͤ¥󣬺Хš϶ŵӶžħײ˹ȥħǰʱճ̨֮ͤ¥÷飬̨ͤ¥󲻶϶ȴҲ赲ȥ·ղܳ嵽ǰ
ħڣУҶһƣħϵħʱ۳һߣȻһ޴ֱ谭źȥ
һޱȣȻһУѾǰȴɲúʲô仯ֱشںϡһ֮У͸˺壬˺ѣֱӻƮɢ
Ҷȴһü
ΪԷϢһҲûб෴ȴ̧ͷס˷źϷһƬ֮磬ȴ֮͵Ȼ۳ǰǺ顣
ʥ˲Ƕ첻Ϊ˲죬쵱ܷ֮֮ޱȣġ
ʥ˾죿Ҷҡͷʥˣֻ˳Ӧ߰ˡԳΪ죬ڷ֮䣡
ħһźؿڻȥ
һǰȭͷ𣬱ұԵģȭͷͻȻȴһֻİȭһ´˹оħˡ
ײʱɢ˷һСҲҵضԽǶСɢԽǿɢԽǿ⺡Ҳ͸ǿ
֮Ҷħ֮Ҳҡ˼£Ǻȴ˿ֻħײֻȭͷָֻƮ֮Ρһֻȭͷ΢΢һ٣ȻҲǿȭΣһ׷ȥľħҶ㹥˹
ж𣿺ãҶһͷħ͵գȴһ޻һ̹ͦϣֱһ˹ȥ뺡ȭͷٽӲӲضԽһǡ
߶󣡡ħ֮УҪָ߶Ҷ㡣
ãҶȴһ֣а˵ǵҪסʱͻȻ֣һԸǣ
˵ţɢǿħ缯뺡ȭͷԿ
ţѷָ£ʱһֻȭͷѾ۳֮Σ͵ش˹оħ棬һ½Ҷҡ
Ҷң͵ؽһƣһֻſָһһ޴һ㣬ҶУ͵һϣ
һֻȭ׼Ҷ㣬ͻȻǰһȭͷһƥİֱ͸ΣҶϡ
ħʱҵһΣҶؿڷһ³һѪ
ҲֻԿˣںͬʱľħҲϢط˳ȥݺںϳһ£һ£ʱһֱ۳ϣסҶʱ˰ɢҶ㼱æѳ
ˣǴ˸ƽ֡Ҷ߼ħ󷨣СС˵Ƭָ̼Ǳߣϰӿ𣬾۳һµֱۡ
˫նţ˴ȫעһĹͻȻ䣬ȴһϣǰһƴ
˲䣬һֱۻɰǰӳȭͷȴԽԽ󣬻Сɽһ㣬Ȼײ֮·Խֱײѣõµȫγĩ֡
ǿһȭҶ˿Сʱâһ·Զػس顣
ȭͷȴͬûʵʰһȭ֮Уֱֻһתһ䣬ȭͻֱҶץ˹һ½ҶץУһ֮ʣ޴˷ħݺѹ
Ҷ֫չȫһƬռ䣬ǿռȴסѹݡҶ΢΢ü͵شһħջħ֮Уֱɨħħںٷ
޴ɢиֻ֣ڰֵϲйâȴǾħ͸ħ֮âڣһֱֻתħиѣɢҶٴηѶУһȭ飡
һȭ׺ֱӴں֮ϣʹ仯ֱӳһȭȫ˲䱻תŷ˳ȥ
ǿ䱻ɳȥȴؿҶһȭΪһ䣬ݺݺҶĸҶһ·ڳȥˤڴ֮ϣҳһʮɵĴ
ħ֮ڵҶ㣬ڱͬʱѪޱ˲ҧǰһѷסԼҲ
û¡ҶȥѪһЦһǿǲսʤޱǰΧĶ


401 ʥһն
֮ˮߣǣ
Ҷħ֮վħ֮ڣԾħΪʣд߸
ҶվѾסεĺ飬໺תŵڵϣҶȥ
һӿһƬƵ硣һΣֱӽһƬƵҶȥɱ֮Ŀɼһߡ
һƬƵҶѾַ̧˾ħħϾݺݳһƬ֮ϣʱƶһ˺ѡ
ţһƪħз˲۱仯ɳɵߣɢҫ۵ĹâһƬ֮ȥһ֮ס
ħߣ־ǿɱй֮ͬȫֵܵƬ֮ʱɢ
ҲСѳ顪ȴΪ֮ȫԾħȴֺδӰ죬Ȼǿһµ𣬺ݺݳںϡ
һ֮䣬ҶȴѾ˾ħӢ֮е֮˲䱻ȡ࣬ٲά̬
вǿҵı֮⣬ͻȻХһһץס˾ħȫһ䣬ȻҶ÷һֻ͵սȭͷ׼һȭӭҶħ֮Ҳ顣
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴԿԼۼ֮ǰȴͻȻһ̧֡˲䣬ħһƪ߸һɴߣһ½ס
֮ˮʱҶ㲻ģʱдһƪ߸ųߡͬʱ֮£ֿס˵ڵأѣ಻ٻɰӿ
ħݺݳ£еӢƬ̹Ǻȫɢٲһ˿һ
û뵽㾹ȻɹˣڴʱһЦаһˣȴͻȻС֮г֣һһؿҶ㣬Ŀ֮̾⣬ȴǳ
Ҷ㣬û뵽ɣаЦţʵͽֻ޷Ը⺡飬ûܵ֡ҼСѧˣռǿ뺡ƴֻһʧû뵽ǿ߾Ȼľ㡣
Ҷ㣬ʱҲĵò˰ɣǵЦǿԲסˣʥͷ­ˣ
˵ţһǻۣ֮֮һˣСɽȥ
ԸǣħзŭЩС˶ɱˣ
Ҷȴһ֣ס
֮ʱͻ
һӰһ֮䣬С֮У˲˵һǰһ˷ӦѾһץ
ãа𷢳һУæסһߣǵʮ£ȴûݷӦ˲ͱһӨ˲ɵľ޴ץУһŴУƴȴɲǼ䱻͵һգֱ
ȻЩ˵ȼߣҲǳ֣ʮһʲôʵ
ǾӨĹУҶȴѾԷȼΪʵȼǳŽף
ʲôˣۼһڲ˲˸ɾ۾ɺմ
֪СУעаĿǲм
ʮͣһۣ䡢˫㡢˫ǰϣйͭɫļסɢһռʹܷգȴһ
ɫ䣬ʾɫͷоһֻץһѳ䵶ڼϣ˼ߵʡ
ͭٴ֮ӣȵʲôˣʹȱֶ͵Ϯң
Ҷ㲻ЦˣֶΣⲻһʼʹõʱñɣʱ˶ˣǱֶˣЦ
˺Ϧ۶;˴˵ʲôͭٴۣʲôǣûСӣԼû¾ͲҪߣһ־Ҫһӵˣ̫Ц𣿡
ˣŭһ֣֮з֮Ŷ;ȥ
СӲҪаȴԶУֻһ۾֪;Լǲ𣬴ʱ˵־Ͷ֣ųһ亹æֹȴˡ
ʲôƨҲóۣ;һߣյֻһһתǳ䵶ʱһɨ˹ȥ͵쳤ʮԶһУһɨһ֮䣬Ȼǻ֮˸ɾ
֣·һ;Цţ͵һŶ˳ȥ
ۣ֮硭ܻػۣ֮Ҫ𹥻аȴǺۣһСӣǲǴ˶֣סӣôΪұ𣬼סˡϦ۶;
˵ţͻȻһѽƿȭŶ;ȥ
С磬һ۳һֻ޴ޱȵȭͷͬСɽһ㣬ֱŶ;ݺ˹ȥ
һȭδаѾٷУһֻȭͷҳֲһȭҶ㾲ţȴ֪Ѿƴ˼ӵȫǳԽˮ׼Ĳ
ҲаģŻˣһʱȻ֪Ǻá
߰аţ˲Ѿ;
ۼǾȭն;ȴֻǷһЦǲм֮⣬ֳǳ䵶һӡ
һ֮ʱҫ˲ͽһֻ޴ȭͷն룬޴ȭͷ鱻һҷߣ˵õ;һëҲûϡ
ٲ֪ǳʱҲ;ʵʵǿֲ޺޵ص˶;һۣٲʵɽ壬͵һ֣֮ɢһ˲ʧ
ʱ;Ѿһֽڶֻȭ׵նơ
Ѿߣȫʧȥ˻֮аҲ޷գֱŵ׹ȥһ䵽棬һԾ𣬻ȭͷſеĶ;չ˹
ոɣ;һͻȻĿһǳ䵶·ȥԼȴ˫ǰһУ·ֵԹһ㡣
Ϊĳ䵶£ֱааȴȫںֻǷ𣬲ҪػȭꡣһСľȭӭȥƾˣһܽССĸо
ʱΧȴ˵㾧ӨĹâ˲䣬ЩâȻһλ̽һץ䣬ץУӨ㽫֮Χ˲仯һ޴ĳս
ʥҶȻϵȴһϵĵʥ
ǵʥĸߴʮɣȫ֮ɣȻմȾ˼Ϣ볬ʹ޴ȫ֮ͬ
ǵʥУһʱܿһȭ꣬ת֮ƣնޱȵһһƣҶҲǰһ·ǿ赶չ¶󼰵
˲Ҷ㾹Ȼֹ۴һԼʱһصĸо
ͬʱҲӦ⵶ʥ̺ǿ֮£Ǿǵң̫ԣȴԵࡣ
ľŽ׸֣
̲סаޡ
ʥһ֮֮ʱΪ֮ɫ䣬֮ʱѪһʱɽ
ȭȫգڿзڼɺֽɢǵˣʱȴѾָ֣һͷ­Ų뾪֣ڰзţһˤ䳾֮С
ûõСֻʣ˼ˡ;ɱаȴҲһۣĿа⣬ȴסҶ㡣
۳ɷʲôԽ֮ξͲˣ;аЦţ˵úú⾿ôġɣСӣԹԹ˵壬ҿҵĳӡ


402 ʱ
ֻ֡ԲѡҶĿӶ;ҡͷ
Բѣ;Цˣб»ɱ˺飬Ҳһĳ¾޽еȻ֪ߵغΪԼԺɨ¡ˣ̫ˡ
Цţֻɢϵʱһ㾧ӨĹâ˸𣬻ظƮţһεķ籩壬ǾӨǺ
һϸ΢ĵش˵Ķ·Ǿɫߵ߽ȫ궯̲סҪŤӣҲֶҡܰѳֱġ
ЩӨĹšתţһ˹ߡĻǴ֮֮˻һеĿ¾֮Упռ俪ʼĴ򿪣Щ͸Լ룬Ȼͨһ޿ռ䣬ݡӡ
Ҷ㷢֣;ȻֶͨΣٵؽС㣬ȫݻһſռĤûκ˶޷
ˣɡ;һ˵һץؿڼϣɽ壬ŵӣ·ʥͷ­Ѿƶ֮һ㡣
ǸȴûйħȭҶ΢΢һЦֱۻӶ֮䣬ϰĲһȭֱϣֱ;ȥ
һȭһ磬һȴ˺һ𡢹ⰵצֲͬҶ㽫ħ֮ںΪһγһС͵ġħ硱ȭƺȥ
˲仯ȭΣ֮ƿն;ҲɶݣΪ֮ͷ
Ųһˣ
㾧ӨĹâţڿͬҹǳһ㣬ϳһĹ㣬ǰ黯ʵֱƴһ޴ζܣΧĹâƮǰ
һ㣬۳һ޳ֱľǹǹ˸Ѥùâ͵ħȭ
ˣΧռ֮͸ЩʱȻҲɢΧռԭγһ籩ͻȻдҪƹħȭֱӻҶ㡣
Ƿ籩ʱΣԽתԽȴ¶ʵʵ̬ȻҪݻһҶֱӽС
СңҶһЦйâ˸֮䣬ħȭȭͻȻһ䣬ź֮һǰֱ֮ƣͻȻʹֹסһţȴǻȭΪƣڰͣ
޴ƣȴޱȣڿпٵطתƶȴ·ǳҶֱһ㣬Ķ˲Ϣ硣һһת֮䣬ջأһץǾ޴ķ籩ݺ˺ѡ
Ƿ籩ƾˣôһ˺ʱưܲԶҶγʲôвħȭʱһӣ׽֮ɢ漴ӭѾ䵽ǰǾӨǹ
ȭǹֱڰжײʱһĺӨĹһööɢķ·һ֮ꡣ֮Ҳڶҡ֮зɽһСС˳ȥ
֮£ǳǹȻֲסѣɢľӨ㣬ħȭȻأȴл֮Хǰ;ȥ
;ͷҷŷʹֶΣӳ˲Լ׵Ż˺顣ֶκ󣬱ضأû뵽˾Ȼ˲õٸһᡪͶҵ£һ֮֮ߣɽʥźĺôָ㣬Σ
ҶֻһЦȭ͵ȥ
ϧ;ҡͷǰǾӨ޶ͻȻ仯ֱӱһֻװľ֣һ·ǰӭħȭֱײ˹ȥ
ȭײһңҵĲ֮УħȭȻһ߽⡢ѣԷǾȭҲǹɢѺۣһըѡ
ħն𣡡
һУħħ֮⣬ڿгһ°켣Ҷֳֳշ裬ȴͬһԶŵɢϡơ
ǳһ飬ȴǾпһնȻзŶ;ųĵʥһն֮ơ
Ȼӷŵʥһն֮У֮ʱԼ֮У;˫۷Ź⣬סҶ㲻סͷ˲ΪãǺεȿ£ϧϧ
ϧʱȴ˫ס֮㵶ƣǰһ̤ͬʱд߷նһһ֮켣ӭħ
ײ޴Ĳ˲ӿɣ;ʱųһӨĹʣϵĶƤҲʾ˾Ө֮ɫȴǿ֮˲串ȫγ˱סײסƤⲻܳˣΪʹĵƱøΪأֱҶѹȥ
һʱ䣬Ҷ㲻һִ·ض˵ƣ˷Լѹ˹ҪԼȫи飬΢
֮ĺô𣿶֮ʲùΪܴĪѹʹʧȣս԰ܣ
ǿֻ֮´ʱѾˡ
ۣҷħ֮УҶһϾӦһһеذ߶ħе;Կ
ûõġ;΢΢һЦתʵ壬Ҳˡ㲻±ţжǿΪɱвǿţŶ
Ȼ䣬ҶӦһĪΣգʹһеش߶ȫһʱ䣬ħħʢԴԴϵžħϴݹȥħҶ֮͵ضͬǾĦһϵĹײŶԷĵС
ʽ仯磬Ǻö;һͷЦǲԶЩ
˲䣬ϷӨĵâֱӽħѹȥޱȵֱиҪħֱ֮ն
ãҶһһеش߶ħڣ
һ֮䣬ħϵħȫ˳ȥǾ޴Ĺšҫţһײ֮ϣӲǽ˻ȥ
ײľ޴ȴֱӽҶú˳ȥԶԶ˴֮С
ħ֮ڣ綯ҶһھվȣˤһءҶֻоԼȫ飬ؿڴѪڲϢһɾ޴ѹʹԼҲѣʱҪըĸо
ħ󷨣æת󷨣ѹơ
;̫ˣԶ̫ԸΪҴʱԼո뺡սȷʵأƴȫǶ֡
ô죿
Ҷٵ˼ţͬʱɢӦСı仯
뵽˵ʥĹ֮У̫ԺλŽǿߵսʱǵսʥĹ磬ҲʥʥʥĹһ˶˳ȥ
أС˾޴ȴܺˣԶʤʥĹ
ԭڣ
ʥźڣʥ˵ʵ֮
ôһʥʵɢػĺĿԱȫ
Ƭ֮䣬ЦˣΪѾӦ֮УһͬСӻ۳ɴһ㣬Ҫı仯
ʱ䣬ϵΪֹҶȫڶͬ鶣ʱȻǿƴǱʥͷ­ʱ


403 ħһ
СӣٸһᣬҰɡ;ɽڿи˵ң㻹ᣬӣվֻбһ;ɵ򵥵Ҳѡ񣿡
˵ѾЩˡ
ǸҶĳɹˡҶ㵭һЦ˵ͬʱҲжӦ˶Է͵س𣬾ħ⳱ŶԷȥ
޲ɼ;ҡͷ̾ϢɱȻ
ӨĹۣȭͷһȭȻҶ
ȭδȭǿѾҶ·ͻߵ˻ɱ֮ʣһסѲһ㡣һʱ䣬Ҷ·סʩչ
ĳŽǿߣ
ҶаһħʱӭǾȭδȰһҫ۵ħ⡣ħͬһֻֻצҶһץơ˺ѣҶصɣһ򣬲Գ
Ƶúã;΢΢ͷȴһ
߸ڴʱҶٴһħõһƪ߸˲仯˰ߣһħںһ壬һʱ䣬֪ߣںϣӭŶԷֱȥ
һ֮ʣҶȻңħ˲·Ľϳһ壬ħħ硣
־磬·ֻӤ֮ʱʥ֮ѡ죬ͬʱħӡʱһɲһ㡣ʱʶػ˷ӡħ壬ħ֮ȫںһ塣
ħħ
֮ʵһʹѰָоѾ֮ĸоʱһӵޱ߾ĸо·ԼħΪһ塣
Դɱ񣬷ɱ
ǣ;ҲһˣͬħһŭһоԼȭôͷ·ǷеСͦδһ㣡
ѾУֻڸӦΣ֮ʣæˣжԶԶ
˲䣬ħŰߣǾӨȭ֮ϣһ޴ĺǾȭһȻʱ飬Өɢһ߽֮⣬ֱ߾˾ħ֮ϣٱħɣֱħ֮УħõĹԡ
Ƶ֮֮ɣԼֲֿ;û˵ʱۼųһ亹ϸ˼ǾħѾŰ֮һ»
֮䣬һз·ʧɫֻʣһҫĹԣƺԶҲϨ𡣶һϨˣҪԶĺڰԶĳ˯Զޣ
һ;ĸоָоս
Ҷ㣬㾿ʲôˣʲôֵؽţһе
ʥϣұ£ǿӵȫӱز
֮У;ϾӨĹͬһӿ֮˲۳һʮɸߵĵʥץе㽫֮һ޴С
ǴڵʥһӣĵâڿлĹ켣һնһУĲֹǾһ˿ϣ·ʥĴԽռ䣬ٵһҶնһ
ֻһʥҶĿǰǿ󡣡ħ֮һ֮סħ𣿡
Уħݺݳȥ˲뵶âײʱһ⣬֮ͬ磬Ǿ޴ĵʥһâ֮УҲ嶯ҡҡ׹
ά֣͸˵ʲô߶ʲôˣ
ֻһʥȫ߽⡢飬ƮɢеҲѾ˾Ө㣬ػԭСײŷ˳ȥ
ã;һһץסɻֵȥ
һֱ׷ۿҪûɱң͸ޱߵľֻ֣˼һֻ½վԼһ졢һˡ
ʱħˡ
ħںһĸоʧҶоԼ˲һλħħֱ֮ͨķˣۿŲһܱԼɱĶ;΢΢ҡͷһ̾ϧ
⡭;ڿУۿžħĹâʧ˻ȥȴ¡صҶ㣬ǰ˽׵СӣȻԼƵıԵһҪԼ
Ϊס֣ѵǲɱңȻݺҧڲ䷢ӳ˳Խ޵ȴɳ־ãһһңܶʥͷ­
˰ѺһСӣӲˣõʥͷ­;
˵ţתɽ˹ȥ
;ѾˣҶ㲢ֻЦ
ʱһİͻȻӿɽۣ֮Ƭ̼㻯һΣȴǺٴθգ
һθգȴʤ֮ǰйâҲ΢΢ɱ٣ſ󵨵ķˣʥ֮Ȼ󶯸ɸ꣬ѡ񣬹ԹԹԼΪʥҳһ죡
𣡡;Ҳԣһ󷢺ݼ䣬һǰ˹ȥ
Өڿϱ仯һž޴ƣֱźĻɽҪֱᡣ
ޱȣעֻƣ΢΢ҡͷ̧һָֻǰһ߱ʱ罣һǰֱָȥײǾ֮ϣһ±㽫ƻ
һֱ߱ǰ˾֮󣬱ֱŶ;ȥ
ץȡ;һͣסƣһת䣬Ǳһ󶴵ľһ»תǰץУҪ顣
ɲ֮䣬ƶȻһһ㣬Ǿиת֮䣬ͷֽ飬߽ɢ
ȴɣͬһһ㣬ڿһʱŶ;ֱ˹ȥȶ;ӦѾţһ͸ضؿһָ˿ڡ
Ѫʱ˳˿ڷ;򷢳һŭз󷽣ǿסκֱ̧㵯öҩֱС
ҩڼŴ˿ڣ˲Ϣָ糣
Ҷս֮ʱΪβź飬ŭ𣬵Ļ
ֻ̧˲ָǰһߣֱŶ;
˶Ϊ㲻ɣֻһʱˣ;ţȴǽ˫һ
ʱһľӨܲϻɲ׵̬γһصסֳ˷·ֱӻʥоֱǰɶȥһݺնǰϡ
ʱ߶ݣһ±ƿΧɢ;ǰֱ֮嵽ǰӵն
Ӷֱֱۣӵֵϵİ趯Ƿĵ治ֺɲ֮䣬˫ڰлʮУΧ˸Ʈɢһʱޱȡ
ɱɱɱ;͸⣬һɱ֣˲˶㣬˵ʥ֮ӵ֮䣬вϳ֣һʱ侹Ȼѹơ
ǹâһͻȻ仯һ֮ף˳ŵеĿ϶͸룬תۼ䣬Ȼڶ;ϴ
ÿһһѪꡣ
ƴˣ;ɺۣ֮ʣϵĹһȫ飬ȴǻһ޴һ½ԼС
ǴʱҶȴ۾һʱħɽȥ


404 ʥ׵
̵ְ
;չս˴ϾģȴҶ㡣ϣԥֱɹȥתۼɽ֮ϣҫһʥ⻪ڡ
һƬʯƽ̨֮ϣһͷ­ͷ­һƬƬİţʹ޷ףԼԱϳһӵ
ǰˣҶ㹧һּ̧֣䣬ħ֮ȥὫͷ­
һʱ䣬Χҵضһ˷ӿҵա
ݶ;Χеĺ飬ͻȻһʣ͵Ҫ;Χ顣
Ѿ;Ϊһ壬;θ佫֮飿ȻۿҶȥռ˱ˣȴҲֻҧ֣һȥԼȴǺ޵ҧгݡ
Ҷ㣬޳СӣȻӺͺս֮ȥʥͷ­ܻشС
˴˱˴ˡҶ΢΢һЦ㷽ŲҲһԣ뺡սٳ𣿡
˵ţħ֮еʥӿ𣬽ʥͷ­һħ֮С
ʥͷ­һʧС͸ҵض·ʱһ㡣ҶҲôֱ࣬ӳħ磬͵һ·ɶݶƿؿռķС磬ҵĹӰ֮дΣڽѶ
ǰһƬޱ߱ԭ£һƬִʱִѾɢеľʼήҲ°ݡ
Ҷ㲻Ҷͣʱɶݶȥ˲ϢԶ˵أϢڵϣŵڻ
̫ˣħУЦǼıˣǶ;Ź֣
˭һζд󣬲ȡʥͷ­ޱЦ˵
̫硣ҶȴɫأǰΧҪһһѹסʥͷ­
˵֮䣬һűħʥͷ­ȴͻȻҵ𶯣ϲƵİɢǱ׵أñ׿
֮УһӨĹ㸡𣬶ڸ֮䣬ĪЩϽѣħе쳣
ħã֮ΪǿʢĹâеħһȴԲѹסһͷ­Ǵ̼ͷ­ɢǿ
һʱ䣬һħ֮֨·Ҫܲסѹȡ
Ϣ
Ҷһʱʹħ֮еħշ𣬴һӵĻӰһ֮ӿͬһˢȥһʥͷ­֮ϡ
ǿ֮Ϣܿʥͷ­΢ƽϢһЩ
һħܵӰøСڲٷֿµ
ʥ֮
Ҷ˫趯ħ֮ڵʥ֮ݻһʥŻ򿪺Լʥڵľ󣬶һһʥ˳Żʽע뵽ʥͷ­֮С
õʥͷ­ƽȻɢĪȴ˼ֹԡ
Ҷ㳤һȴ˿Ҵ⣬֮䣬ɱθйٵԨһһصʥͷ­ȥ̫죬ֻ¾ʥͷ­еػֻһ㡢һزţֱ˽ʱŽʥͷ­һȦһȦذΧ
ɢ֮ʣʥͷ­ڲɱΣΪԼѾᣬΪԼȵͣСɽ֮С
һҲֹϢ
ǽѹҶʱһһѺ
ϲɺѽޱ˷ܵ˵磬ǵõʥͷ­ͿѰҵʥĹõʥ˰ɣ
̸סҶҡͷһЦҲֻô˵ѣʵУȴһ֪ҪδȥʥĹҲһδ֮ԡ
Ƕ;Ӧ֪ͻȻ˵
ĿǰʵǶ;Ҷ˵̫ԣӡǿԴ򽻵ֻҲ뻢ıƤ
ʲô㣿ԶԶʡ
Ҫϸĥʥͷ­еҶ˵˲󼺣ʥͷ­ȻУҲƾҵǻƽܡ
ͷ­ΪãɷӼͷȺʥźʥźʹ֮ģҿȴࡣǶһ֪䵽ǿ˽⣬Լ˼ʱһãٺ٣
һЦֻҪ˵ܽʥͷ­֮ʥݺᣬôǾлὫеʥź룡
áҶһͷħǰ뼫ǧԶһطСĵ
뿪ǣޱ̲סʡ
˻֪ʥͷ­Ѿ֡Ҷ˵ˣһЩǿԻǣ⵹ǵĻᡪ治ƽʥźܣʱҲЩǿ̽Ϣڶ;벻һ
ǱΣյĵطȫˡޱͷȻ£ٴֻȫػ۲Χ
Ҷ㾲۾֮ħ󣬽Ǳɱ˸йٵʥͷ­ȥҪһС
һʱʱһתʱȥˣҶȴоʥͷ­ֱһʯһ㣬Լη޿κΡ
ҪøǿȻ԰쵽ʥͷ­Կʱ˵ƽʥźܷѹסʥͷ­Ҳδ֪֮
ʱ䲢ִ٣ȫȴһҪ
֪䣬ʮʱȥҶȴѾ׽һСʱޱȴ̲ס磬ʮǿߵϢ
ҶһħΪһ塣ʱǿĸйٱӦ˵ʮһɽеϢ仯
пռŻӲ˺λǿ߳䵽ɽ롣
Ŀħħߣ
λħʱתԶľʱħϿա
ⲻŷұ𣿡ޱһһˣ㾪һ
ȺһǸʲô׻ָЩ˵ǸʲôΰǣˣǸϼһӡǰɣ
ŭ޳֮ͽʱͻȻ͵ϮҶ㣡ѩӰҲΪ˾Ҷ㣬ӣۣǣҶ㣬Ҫ𰡣ѩӰ𰡣
ʱɽеˣȴǵҶ̫һս֮ʱͻȻִҾӡһˡǳ˿ռŻСĵվɽ룬ӡЩ±ʱɢй٣СĵؼΧĶ
ġҶ䡣ȻҪȴҪȿʲô˵
﷽Բ֮ڣ̡ʱŷұһЦ۲Сġ
ܲСġӡ˵Ⱥ۲Ϊһ壬ݺᴩģ޲ÿһǿߡ˵ˣǸ̫ԣ㼫ѶԸǱãȴҪϼӷǡ
˵ĶԡŷұæͷһĹ
ӡһǶʱϢɢŸйΧתһȦȻĵص˵ͷ
ܺãȫû⣬Կʼˡ
һ˵һ̧һץʱץһεķǷһ˿ռһ֣ΧռĲȴһĿռ䷨
ףҶȴһΪǷУȴԼظӦһ˿ϤϢ
ʥߵϢ


405 ѰʥĹ
ʥҶ㲻ɽйټǼ֮ϡ
ŷұһԿӡǼռ䷨ͷȻŪõʥֻϧⷨЩǲǿԲͨʥͷ­ֱӽʥߣ
ǲܡӡҡͷһձȲʥźװصʥҲǵʥ֮ϵһϢѡⷨòװأѰҲֻʹһΡ
ֻʹһΣŷұһǿɵСʹòǡǲѰʥĹֻµʱû취;
Ҳ˶;Ҷ˼
ֻû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼʥͷ­աӡһҪƽʥźܣҲ¡ֻҪǸǰҵʥĹͿ;Э飬ʱȻԷһ
ۣǽ̫ҲΣŷұȴ۾һתЦ
˼ö;̫ӡ΢΢һЦ
гģҲ˴ɣŷұЦʡ
ǴˡӡͷҶͨܳһ¡ȻǾŽ׵ĸ֣ƾǵǻۣЩϷˣָ䣬ȴ¡ʵ˵ɣһʼʹ̫֮ģֻ̫ǿҿûǣֶΡ;ȴʱ뵽߻ǣƣǵ
¿Ҫúһŷұæŵͷ۾ʩҵʥĹǡ
ãӡһͷͻȻ佫з˳ȥڿһץʱһֻ֮ɵľצսǷץУһ÷顣
Ƿһƣʱը֮黯˲ķӡһץռͷϿգȴЩ΢嶯赲סڿ۳һ
һʥǴ֮ӿȴ·ĺһ㣬ת
ŷӷңӡ˵
ףŷұһͷüĴһۣȴŭĹߣϵӰâƶţԲ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬СС࣬Բڸӡͷֿ̧ٵصţһâָ䷢УЩһγһĳ
һŷǾŽ׸֣ʹӡ˵ţϧֻ˽ףȴҪŷһʥȥ֮ʱһ˿֮ŷҪСġ
۷ġŷұЦһȴһߣΪҲ֪ǲԸǷ֮ʩӲһʹⷨˣн壬Ҳںһˣ֮ˣеʱ㣡
ӡϵصţͻȻйâһһָݺݴָ̳һĹâֱشԲ֮ڣ˲䣬ԲȻըһɫĹâݳ˲Զȥ
ըĳȴɢֱԲһڡÿ඼ӡڴʱӡȴͻȻȴеϢ֮Щʱеĳ۳һߣһ·ŷұϡ
һ֮Уŷұĺɫһ仯
ŷӣǹ⣡ӡȴҲһֻۣסǷߵĵɫâǱʥˡҵķ֮£ӦʥĹиλãҪȥͶǱʧټһоͶǰ
˵ţ񶯱һڲ£Ҳŷұ׷ȥ
ŷұҧҧν⣬ȻҲ˿뾫˲ָ糣һ׷˹ȥ
˼Ҷ΢΢һЦԥش߶ħ׷ȥ޴ѰʥĹǾѰңãϲԶҵĹذɡлˣ
ֻƻļһȻȺ̫ԺͶ;ᣬȤҶ㲻룺ڽɱ˱𣬵Ҳ򵥣ȴû̫塣ǣҿλִս
ʥĹλȴ֪
뵽˴Ҷ͵һ¼ٳ˹ȥħХ磬˲׷һɫĹâһ֣ħһ½ǹâУħ֮ڡ
ǹâҪ޴֮ѹȴѹסֿܵ
˵ףʥźһĲҶʹõģȴʥ֮ʥһȴԶʤһѹѶ
ʲôˣۼⱻߣӡŷұɶۣշŭĴ
þòλãҶ㾲УŶˣݵЦ
㣿Ҷ㣡ŷұһ
Ҷ㣡ӡҲɾ΢΢Ӧȴǲ͵һһʱȭϷһ磬Ҷ˹ȥ
һձŵþбӣȴһսˣҶЦһִһȭһ磬ֱײһ֮һͬ
Ҷ㣬ôӡݺҧһڲɫ԰ףȫ˰׼ƴ
գҶֻɱǴͬ飬龰Ŀôȴⳬǿߣǲͬ״һη壬ֻսҪ
ҲôҶһЦֻҪʥõУ޳֮ͽжѡ
Ҷ㣬װɡŷұ۾һתʱڡȺ۲κ۰һǿߣ˵һֻ´ơʱ˲ЩŽǿ߶Կõ޴ĺôȡ
Ҳ֮ʱٴӰ֣ɱ֮УҶЦһתӡӡҷȰһ䡪ŷұ࣬Ϊ飬뻢ıƤ
˭ࣿӡЦˣҶΪͲ뻢ıƤҶ㲢ǵķסһʥҲ޷ָ㵽ʥĹǺ
߰ɡҶһ֣ҽºã֮ǰľˣԷһ
ôӡɫһͻȻһʱһ֮ȴһεľУһҶӶƣҪʱȡҶͷһ㡣
ӹռʱָ޿ռ౻նơ
ãǰ˽׸ֵӡҶ΢΢ͷһ㣬̫ȣȴ̫ˡ
㣡ӡüѪ
˵˵˲նľУҶһҲҴ⣬һץ֮䣬֮ץУһ֮仯˳צӰ磬һ͵ŶӶȥһץһ֮ϡ
ʱһ̶ĦǾһʱ𻨵䡣
ɱ磡ŭŷұ͵˱֮Σҳ֣üۣ˲һŭߣһҶ
СҲˣҶһһץħһֻ͵ӭһ½˵ŤĿռ䣬һִĹ߶ץУֻһ󣬱㽫֮顣
ŷӣԼأҪޱ֮һսˣӡʱȴͻȻһһϵͻȻ£
ʧȥһڲʱ֮׷Կˤȥ
ŷұһӰ֮ʣԼڿУȴҲתۣڿз£Ȼ½δˡ
һգʱӡһ㡢һϣ˲˼һ޺̧֮䣬ֱԿץһâ֮趯º󣬱Ҷնȥ
ⷨȤҶ㲻΢΢ͷ
֮ʵ壬ȴɢ۶ɡʵ壬ȴʤʵ壬ȻĵΪҲΪʵԼֻΪʵΪʵζ
԰˽֮ӾŽ׵ˡ


406 ֮
ҶľŽǿߴսλں⡰Žסߣ
ǻɱˣԷƴӡη֣Ҷȴֻĺ棬Ҫ⡰жǿ
Χ˼ӡɫͬʢ׵缾ŨƣĿƲе磬ҫ˵ۣ˵ġҶоʱӡȻ̫Բ£ɴоȡ
Ҫ֪Լһս֮ʱƵСе̫Ծ
ӡʱ޷ǿ̫ǰʾװ١
ǺߣӡҲδ̫ˡ
ҶвɽӡμסȻʱɱˣҪһˮ׽룬պ󣬴ȴɱеĵһš
һӾħҶɱǰ趯ӭ֮
ڿײʱһĻ𻨹㣬ӡһϲͣ裬һһչʾɱҶӦԣŲæɱо⡣
Թ֮£Ҷȴ֮ǰ;һսһսԼо˶ԷʥһȴʹٴԺвϸֳħеһʱһȴ𶯲ݣзӣһӿ˳
ȤЩ֮ǰôû뵽Ҷһӡ֣һ߻ͷͻȻһˣ֮䣬ȴڿΪʣһĸԲͼ
أΪ飬ɱ󣡡
һȼ䣬͵һնͼϣͼϵķԲУʱ׻ȸ󣬸趯ɢ޴ͼһʱ·黯ʵһ֣ӡ˹ȥ
ʲôзӡһüȴһ֮𣬴һ󳱣ֱǾ֮ϡ
֮Уӿ磬ʱ𣬻ɾ޴֣֮ڣĸ磬תݣγɾ޴γɾֶԿ֮УֵٶӿҲͣϢȴǴƽ֡
Ҷ㲻Ųæָ̧ǰȴѧǺĶ͵ָһУƿնֱӡͷȥ
һУҶ֮ǰõġħ𡱵˼ħħ֮ϣһֱ죬ƾˣǰ罣ʹ̣Ʋɵ
ÿ죡
ӡʵһ֮£ɴཫ͵һʱֱӽУ·ǻһöɫľ޵ֱӳ׽һ̡
һâɢ֮ǿȻֵܵס׽зֽ׹˿ӣȴ۳ǿһ
֮⣬ҫأ
ӡֽ׽͵һֱͦһһչ䣬˿˺죬һ֮ϣȫһӣһҫ۵Ľ⣬ֱҶ㡣
һ֮ķ˱޿ɱܡ
üһԭ֮ǰһֱʵ֮ϣŷұ̧ͷſУ̲סһЦҶұƳʵȻСүڹã֪һʲôôˡ
˵ţ͸һĨɱ⡣
ȻһϺ÷Ҷ㶢һɻͷԼ׽ȻĶޱߣǰ˽۷ǿԣҲҪʱɫ˱ܣӡ˸ɴ࣬ɼ֮ǿ
ʱҫ۵ĽӶҶ಻Ҵ⣬һ̧֣ȴʮӰӶʩչһ־ľѧʮɱУںһγһ󳱣͵һ
ɱ
һȴֱӷħľͼ֮ʮλʵһɱǿС
ɱеĴӿһײڽ֮ϣʮֲͬɱУָͨиľһĨȻ˲Ĩɱдʣµһ룬ȴҲⲻɱƿ
ɱУȻȱȴǿӡȥ
ҫź⣬ٴα޿ɱܵӡƾӲһСУеɱжΧĿռشǧٿףӡȴǺˡ
ȴֻԿʱһϣȴǶĦ˺ۣ΢ѺۣܵһУӡʹѣĿԽŭ
ŭ𣡡
һУӡ͵ſ죬һâžͻһ޴Ļ͵ǰ˲͵Ҷǰ
ȻҶ㵹ǳһ
һִȴ·ǵ˵һ㣬ңδȵɢ·Ĵðһ̣ȴ·Ҫֱӿȼһ㡣
׼ף
ɲǼ䣬ҶһħԪӦĽĦķĲͬʱֽħ֮עУħΪĲ֮ӵޣʱħ֮Χݻһ޴֮ס
֮УǾ޴Ļֱӵ׼֮⣬ֱǣɢ𴦣ҶУ͵طһХǻֱǰֱӡȥ
κҶ㲻ãӡüһ˿η塣æ죬ǻе֮ȴâһҶȥ
Ҷһȭֱӻڽ֮ϣһ춯֮Уȴײú֮Զ
ӡҲùһ֮ײѪڣһҲǷɳɡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦħ֮ͻȻҲ˼°һ±仯ȻΣǰ߸̧֮ʣʱһֻ޴Ӱ̧ǰ㣬ӡ̤ȥ
֮㣡
ȴĽĦ޾ԵҶ㵥˳
Ҷз񣬱仯޶ˣһЩȴظӡȫͷԡʱۼ̤֮£Ҳûʲôð취ӦֻȫأӲһ£Ȼסֱӽ԰ջ䣬ˤڵϡ
ʱסΣƽأûˤ˲档
ûû˵УȥȴҲˣһֻӬһʵ
͵һٴγһ⸡ֱȡҶҪ
⣬潣ڿлûһ⽣ҫޱȡ
󾫲࣬жоĺôҶ΢΢һЦǿѹˣԼʤˡԵ֮ʣԭʲô·ֻҪ˽ͷöʵ޷ӣҰܵķӣҲǺ÷ӡ춯أʥõû취ĻҲõĻӣ
һ˵ţһ߻ħһºݺݳǽϡ
һ֮䣬ľޱͨ˳Ȼһζ
ãӡҲһȴѾˣۿŽħײһʱӦһɾ޴̲֮סſһ³һѪ
ȴһӴ֮ʣ㱻࣡
νӴңȫչǻˣ
ӡ˲侪һ亹һеؿһֱڽһģȴȫ˳ȥסҶ㣬ԼͶ˲仯ϰٵӰŲͬķһ¼ɳȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ϰٵӰֶʧ
һĺ֮Уħֱӽ֮Ĺ΢ӡȴѾ֪١
ֹһֱվڵϹսŷұҲˡ
ӵõ졣Ҷ΢΢һЦұҪӣӲ˭ҽ̫ԺͶ;ˣ
漴һתͷȴҪȥѰʥĹˣ


407 ʥ
һ˿ɫʥ˳ʱţ޾зٶȥҶ㼱æħں׷ϡ
һ·֮УȴĶãƾ֮ǰѾ΢΢׽һУʼԾ͸ʥͷ­֮СʮֻҿģҲڵʥʥħ֮ȴʼ޷ڡ
ҲġֻҪп·ȷͨ˽֮·Ȼ֮ͨ裬ǳ£ؼ
ǰȥȴһ·ϣ񾳵ķԽԽԶɼ˴ʥǽ˴ıʥĹ֮ȫ񾳣ʹ·ǿ޷Ѱ
Ȼӡ淨㲻ɱ֤ûа취ҵҶ㵱֮ȴҪ֮ǰһʱƾʥͷ­ֱ֮ʥӮҡ
ǰм䣬ԶȴͻȻ˺֮ȻȻ֮ףҶ֮΢΢üȴٶȡ
ôˣޱʡ
иǰҶ˵ɷؾݻɣƺ˳ж
Уޱɾȡ
ĳַ֮ѱΪҶ˵֪ǵѣͣ˵
˵ţһ֮ȴѾǰţһ翪·һƥսԶŨֱ֮ӳ˳϶һλˣҲǶʮ꣬ĿӢޱȣһһ㲻ͨǾþλָʹ˵ˡ
һǰ㷢ҶѾעԼʱһͣ´ħ֮ɫ䡣
ߺˣҶʼ䣬һ֣޴ʱһʥ˻½ħ֮С
㲻֪˭˻ҡͷֻҪһʥáҿ㲻ȫˡ
ôһԼʲôˣǳ߽װˣǲ֪
ҶˣӦȷʵֻǳ߽ףһƥޱȣȴѾԽ˰˽֮ȻһķǿѾﵽ˾Ž֮
ˣһŸ˺޼ɣſھҶҪʥԲѡ
ֻ߽ףӵоŽ׷Ҷ㻺˵ƾ˴ַ²ŸҳԲѷɣ
áĿ΢΢һһЦҲ֪ǾϹӰ硣ֻ߽۷֮иʴ͸֮׽ѴŽףɱ˽ǿͬնһ㡣ۻ룬ǰ˽׸֣ȴԲк׽֣ȰʶһЩ
ȤҶ㲻һЦһǵĻʼҴΪвľŽǿҲܽѹֻӵһŽ׷һ㣿
ԲӰɫһҲֱӳɱ㣬ֻΪҪʥĹ֮еǿ̫࣬ԸЩŽ׸ֶѡ㵱ɱ㣿
˵֮䣬кתȴǶɱ
һ̧֣бһ׵磬ֱӱץУݻһĳִ֣ٲ˵һϻ˴һҶ
һ紺׺Χռ𶯣˿ͬһϸСߣζţ뽣֮Уˡ
Ž׷ȻˡҶ΢΢ͷܷӶ٣ȴҪʹǰ˽ǿߣȻܷӳ
һЦ֮䣬ֱץ˹ȥ֮˲ֱɣһ׵ޱۣն͵ſһ±㽫˿ɵĽץС
һʱ䣬Ť·֮߱סߴһ㡣
ܣӰ¶ɫ㾿ʲôˣôôǿ
ҶҲ˵׵ľޱ͵һ׽֮ʱŤøΪһ˿·һ㣬ɢķ򲻶Ťı̬÷·һ黨һ㡣
漴Ȼһ֮У׽ֱӻ
׵֮ȴΪϤҶ㵭ȻһЦָָ㵱ʹðɡ
Ǿ޴ȭһ֮䣬ʱһ֮ҫ۶һ˿·һڿӣ˲ͽӰ˴ΧС
ôܳԽ˺׽ķ֮Ӱ羪ţۼһ׵ԼæǺ׽ϣ֮˸ÿһննһƬ˿֮
˿֮ȴն֮ꡣ
ʱҶȭѾ㣬΢΢һֱ֮ǰһȭӰֱӴȥҲηֻȭ֮׺˸ӰɫҰףֻҧ׽ӲҶһȭ
˲䣬׵ȭһ¾ͽӰµս÷飬Ӱȫһ±Χڲ֮ȫ飬Ҳ˵еĺ׽׹䣬Ը߿֮׹ȥ
Ҷһ̧֣һץ䣬֮ݺһ±㽫׽Ӱȫס
ۼӰ׽ȫҪ֮ʣԶȴһ⡣ǵޱȣȫ춯Ҷ㣬Ҳǵ⵽ǰͻȻ֣ȫעԴ
ôһģȴһֱ˹һ½׽Ӱһסǰߡ
֡Ҷ㲻ɻͷҶĳǰݳߣھŽס
ôǿţʵ
һ֮УһӰ֣ȴһһϮ۵ˡͷƷ֮ڣ˿֯ɵ׻֮ϸһתţɢ޴
˵꣬òӢһֳԵϣʤӰ硣ϸ۲죬ĿӰȴơ
ĪǾϴۣҶһʡ
˻ͷʣϴӰ֡ʸǺηʥ
ۼǷڤҶ㡣Ҷ΢΢֡
ʡӰʱţӰߣ׽򻺻ֱߣһ½סУӰֵͷҲΪǣšҼ˷ųһʥƺҪƾѰҵʥĹλãԡ
ŶӰĿһסҶ㡣ҶȮ˵ʵ飿
Ҷһͷ
ôɡӰֿҶ㣬º͵һЦȴ
Ҷ㿴Ӱ֣漴Цû뵽ǫǫӣʵȴ丸ӰѹһңԲҪʥԭϴҲУ
رе߾֮Ӱɫ죬̹ȻԡΪ£ǵ¡Ҷ㣬֪ʵǿ֮ݻΣ˲õţؼ̫ˣһ࣬һ١ҳĨɱš
¿ǲСҶһЦֻ֪ʵΣҶĳֽһ
ʣʵСӰ缱æӰߵ
ʱչֳ壬Ӱ˵԰˽ɵġ硯ΣȻǶ֡Ī˵㣬ֻ°˽֮ڣǿҲĶ֡Ķ֣ǾŽǿߣҲ¡֮ǰҲѾŽǿߴȴäĿš
˵ţ΢΢һЦҶ˵ҶȴľŽ׸֪ܷͬӦõ
˵ţɢһֵϢҶ߻
ҶһӦϢɫȴһ䡣
ʥ
ӰֿҶ㣬΢΢ͷѾõ˾ϵʥźʥ˵ۡ
˵֮䣬һֱ۵ĻӰ߻֣ɢһʥ


408 ʥ
Ȼʥźħ֮УһֱۻӰɶ
磬ô죿ޱҲɽ
£Ҷһ֣ȴ͸һ˷ܵĹ⡣⵹Ҳ֪οʥź֮ǿ֣߳ȴѧϰĴûᣡ
ǧҪСġޱ޵ǵضͬʱԼɢħ磬һҶת
ˡϴӰֿҶ㣬Ŀдһ˿λ߿λʱľӸ̬֮εʥźᣬ漰ǿߡȻ̫ᣬҾ֪ۼǿһ֪ʥź֮ܵ˶ʥź֮£˽̫٣ⳡ֮Уȫʤ㡣Ȱ㻹֪ѶˣʥĹ֮㲻ҪˡΪãǲ̼䡣
͸ҶĳˡҶ㵭һЦ˵رе߾֮⻰١ǵ£ȴǽ
ڤ粻顣ӰҡͷЦЩѵǲ׵ġ
˵֮䣬ָ̧΢֮ʱ۳һ⻪һƣǹ⻪˲󣬻һֻȭХҶȥ
Ҷ˿Ҵ⣬ȭȭƣħ֮һʱϢң߲Ϣ˲伯ȭ֮ϡйâʢ̧֮䣬ȭδǹ⻪ȭϡ
ȭ𶯣˲߽⣬ȴҲҶײȥ˳ʮ֮Զ
շ͵ǰٶȳ֮䣬ħһĴ󳱣Ӱֺݺݳ
ô͵ķܵħϺƴӰ粻ɫ䣬Ҳ΢΢
ȴǺ£
¼ǿ˱ӰֻΪʮﵽ߽۷壬к׽ݺ޵УǾҲ첻οںϵ¡
ħӿ֮䣬ΧĿռһѺۣ֮ݣһɡ𣬻˾޴ƻһ֮֮
ӰһǲҴ⣬̧֮䣬ʥֱ۵ĻӰȻԼʵɢһʥԣһ塣ſƣʱɫۣһ޶ܣ
޶ܷɳȴһΪΪģתۼ仯˰ٶܣʥ֮һħһϣʱ棬ը֮
Ҷһ֮£ȴ֣ͣһתն裬ħ裬·һ֮һ㣬γϡ
һʱ䣬â䣬֮ڶĳײ֮䣬Ӱ羹ȻܵһּȵѹȸУòѰӻ
֮ʣҶȴħ֮һƪ߸ʱ͵һ·۳˹âɵĴߣǴֱײȥ
һײ֮䣬ޱߵ֮ƣ޴Ǵݣߵײ֮УһѺֱۣӱɢ˹˿ڿУǷ·صĴȴһ֮´ѡ
Ӱ΢΢ͷһ֮䣬ʥٴα仯ȴתʵȫʵ塣ʱһӿľֱɢҲŲ·ηֱɢ̲סҪ䳼һ㡣
һɾ޴ѹҲʱѹҶ㼸һִĸо
ˣǿʥźֻһʱҲ޷ɱӰֻ˵ǿϧǻƽʱҶȻҪ£㣬ΪҲҳ˼ʷӿȺ۾ʱȴ㲻á
Ҷ㲢˵֪öԷʥֱ۵Լ֡ȴҪԿѹסԷʱ䡣
ˣԼſӦӰֿʥֱ۵ķҵʥͷ­ķ
һӣǾ޴ʱʩ˾ħϣ˲ħΪһ壬͵һͬǹӰ˹ȥֱȡԷĿҪ
ʥ֮ǷɱȣӰַһЦӲֻתʥֱ۱ʱֱǰһץ˲䣬ضüžؼ·ֻʣһֱۣƵһץ
ħ˲ͱץУһǿһ¾ͱȫѹһߣʱ˾ӨĹ㣬ֱֱУȴתԸҶ㡣
ӦߣҶüͷһ壬͵طһȣħʱħһֱӺһħڡ¡¡𣬹Ȼ䣬Ȼ֮ħڵһ֮£ʥƺ΢΢ſħʱݶ
Щ£Ӱ΢΢ͷޡңδܴʥһץ֮ѡ
˵ţȫɢһ뵽ʥֱ֮УʥֱʱٴηʥĹââӰֵһ壬Ҳʥ֮С
һʱ䣬ӰɢʥϢׯޱȣ̧֣ʥֱ۱ֵ̧Ķϣʱ⻪ۣݻǳԿգ·һС漴ɡ
ʥ磡Ӱһâ֮ʣſХһͻȻһһѹʱʥֱ֮еСֱҶ˹ȥһ½ҶС
һ˲ҶоħǼޱȵǣȻʼѡ
ʥ˵
ȴ֣ŬȫΣ֮ʣӦһǿԼСΧ·Ľһ֮Уһôǿ󡢳ʢǿ֮Уȴһıį
·һոյ緢ҪһΪ֮ʣȴԼѾܵ޿޸ˣһ㡣
ףһλ֮ɵʥߵĲе
ͬʱҲӦӰɢСе
ȶŽɫĹâޱӣʥߵΪһ壬οʥǷϵûʥߵסΪԼá
ԭˣ
ҶĿһ֮䣬ȴϲ
ԭʥźȴǵȥοһʧһ㣬Լеĸοܵůܵ벻־ˣʥź
Ҷˣ
âҶһޱ飬ۣȫ֣һҵסʥʴֻҪƬ̾ͺã
˵ţȴԼȫֱӻһħһʥͷ­
˲䣬֮㽫ʥͷ­ȴ͸ǸӦʥͷ­ɢǱʥ˵
һȴŭǿ侲ءܣҲʧȥս⣬Ը
ʥ˵ɥͳġӵԶδۿܷʥ򣬳ΪһһΰˣȴͻȻ䣬ʹǰһеŬ˿գӰʹֱѰϵ£ҲѰڶ֮ȵ
ҶΧþһοʥ˵ڶϵһ㡣
ģʥͷ­ʼתöҶ֮ԡһҶȻʥʥһ㣬뵽ʥͷ­֮Уȴȫʥͷ­ڵ֮
磬Ƕסˣ
ʱޱһУſ³һѪ
ֻ飬ſѪȴ˼صˡ
ȻѪζ֮䣬ȴ߽⣬˲ᡣ
£ҶӦѹҪħѹ飬ʱ
ʥ֮Ķʥ磡


409 źź
һ֮䣬һӰʱҶ߸֣ǻӰȴʥͷ­
һħʥͷ­֮зһͷҶ֮£һӰص˲Ƶħ֮⣬ħ֮ԣɢޱʥ֮⡣
Ƽ䣬ʥͷ­Ǳ֮ϣһȴ͸Ĺâĳ֣һСС˲Ҷ۳ΣתϢҶ̧һС˳ȥʱӰͷŵǡʥ硱Сײһ𣬱˴˲ơںϡ
ʱޱߣҪħѹľ޴һ¾ͱħѹʱһᣬޱȾһæԷҽơ
ʲôۼҶ㷢ӳʥźȻҲǡʥ硱Ӱֵɫɴ䡣
㾹ȻҲʥźôܣ
кβܣҶЦӰ֣ҵҪлл㡣Ǽʶַһ޷ĥηʥźȴһ֮
ЦУҶ󶯣ųʥһ𣬽Էʥһͬ
һ̧ʥͷ­ʱͷ࣬ɢʥĹԣҲСʱڣ·ֱӻΪʥ
ĿɨӰ֣ЦʾĵǿҶ㻺ּ䣬ʥͷ­ɢһݻɵ㾧ӨĹâڿ۳һ޽
罣ʤֱȡҶһָǰǾ޽ʱշֱӰֶȥ
ʥͷ­𣿡Ӱһüû뵽һ˷ҪıȴѾˡҲãֱӶ˹ȴʡһѰҵ£
˵ţͻȻƣڿץգʱʥֱҲڿвϵץȡȴץһƬƬӨɵĴǴӿϢٵڿлû̬Ƭ̼ͻһλݵĸߴʮɣ֮ìһףȴһϵе
һʱʥֱ۵ںһ壬ȴʹʥֱ۵ٴеìһӣһǹ˳һסҶųǾ޽ǳǹֱǰһֻ̣һ㽫Ǿ޽ֱӷ顣
˵ǿҪʹߵߵ͡Ӱֻ˵ΪŽǿߣѴﵽ۷֮Խ֮۳ȻʮǿߣֱʹΪһأ۵ҲѾ֮ʥźϣϣǿҲոϲһ
ϲһҶһЦ⻰˵̫ˡ
˵֮䣬ȴѾħ֮пʼд߸Ƭ֮һƪдͣһħ֮д˳ǰڿ۳ǰɳߡ
߳ɣʮɣ֮һһ£߸Ϊǿʵ϶ͬȴǴ黯ȴʵ
԰˽֮ʹŽ֮ʵǺӰֶݶϧγףܱޡ
ΣҶ΢΢һЦйâ֮䣬ǰɳȴͻȻƬ̼ͻʮɳ̡һȻһҪԵøСȴԽ࿹ˡ
ʥźʱҶڹԡУȴĵ׶ʥ֮Ľһ򡣶֮ǰ;һսżʹħһʱҲԼҶУʹմﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
Ӱ֮£Ҳɷ˲ﵽ˰˽׵۷壬ʱܻͻȻͻư˽ס
ǣҪľͲֹǻԵʵҪһ˿ˡ
ʱʥͷ­ɢޱߵһȫϣ˲ʥ֮⣬趯ţ͵һȥ
Ӱһһʱֱ̧ۣһǰֱӴһʥ磬ҪС
ʥźߣһлôҶҡͷһЦʹ̫ЦС磬ȫʥγɣǱȽӣʥֱʤҵʥͷ­ȴʤ
˵֮䣬һʱ㸡һСС棬һ±仯Ӵ磬ֱײԷʥ磬һ
Ӱһ˫һڳǹս̬ʱ˶ͦǹ׼ߣһ͵ֱ̹ȥǹ𴦣ڣһӨУǹ·ǧŽɱһ㡣
ײҶ˿壬ֱָǹײȥȻһ֮УǹݺײһȻǹ涥Ųȥǹδܽһơ
סһУʥͷ­еҶȫӳʱͣסٺ˰֡ʱҶһ֣ħ糱ħʥͷ­һܣʱִһӨĹ㣬ٴγֱӴǹ֮ϡ
һ죬ǹȻֱӳ÷˳ȥ
˾ư˽֮Ӱֲüͷ壬һץʱֽոշɳǹק˻͵һݻǹâҶ㵱ͷ˹ȥ
ҶХһħ趯磬еǹâֵ⣬֮һţ͵һƹǹâӰֹȥ
ҶһĹӰѾûѪɫʱֺڷԼȻλһλˡ
ǸʼʱϵˣԼΣ
ֻѱɱ˷
ӰҲǱͷʹԵʥۣʹ󣬸ûж֡˵ʹź֮һСʥ硱˱ǿҲһܡ£ʥҶ㣬ȴȫ޴ӷʥźʱ಻ʥ֮ȴҲûȫ͸֪ηӡ
һռݵƣҲֻƣʱҶȴ֪ʲôӣȻȴһҲˣͷʹޱȡ
ѵȴҪôһСǰɣ
ɫȴɶŭ
ұֱʹˣ
һ󷢺ݣͻȻһץֱץסʥۣһʱʥ֮ϣγһϵӡһ͵һۣʥ۾ȻֱӴ˳ȥһһֱײҶ㡣
ʱһ޴ѹ㽵ͷҶ㲻΢΢üºԥʱʥͷ­֮ʹħͬʱ͵һ˶ϣӭʥֱۡ
ˣһֱӽɱȫ˳ħħƣһħڡ
һ֮Уеһײʥֱ֮ϣһССֱǰЩ޴ɱоȻȫ޷ãһ¶䣬ɢȥ
һֱۣͬͥٵһ㣬ɵһƿһ谭ֱҶݺݴ
ʥźҲУҶһУһѧӰֵӣһȫʥͷ­֮ϣһһ½֮ǰֱӭʥֱۡ
ɲǼ䣬ʥźײһʱһƵ춯źײȴûеޱ𵴣ֻͨĶײһ㡣
Լֱ۴Լͷ­һһ㡣
һײ֮䣬ź˿ع鵽ӵߵߡ
ȤʥźȻѾɢҶ㻺ͷȴǲԼԼ


410 
Ҷȴף֮սȴҪ˭ȫʥź
ȻӰһʥź֮ûȫգ˲ŻὫʥźֱӵôֱӵعԷ
Ƕûʥź˵ĹȴޱȣΪ£ͬʥźߣȴؽĹһ¡
Ϊʥźǣǲɱġ
ô˭һʥźȷ÷˭ռȻԷѹ
ôţ˭Ҳȶ֣ȴĥʥźʹ֮
ӰͻȻ䶼֣ȴһĲ⣬Ҷ㣬ף벻Ȼָּ֪ĽУԼ岻ϰ㻰Ҳ֪֮ر첻ԡ
Ҷ㿴Ӱ֣ȴʥͷ­֮ϡӦʥźı仯Ͻħеʥʥʥͷ­֮С
ɲ֮䣬ͻȻһ˿ԼĪַš
һ䣬ӿӰΪӵʥźߣȻҲӦҶı仯ʱ͸ޱȾ֮ɫ
ãӣֻΪҶѾ͸ʥźʹ֮һ亹Ҳ룬һ·һ⽫ӰУʥâһ֮䣬ѾӰ
һӣɢȴһ´Ҷ˼ʹһɢҶмǲʹ졣
׷ѰӰֵټȴҲѾ첻
Ҷҡͷһ̾ͷųһʥɫĹâʱڿߣϱԶȥ
һ·棬ַɳǧԶȴǵһƬ֮СǵɫâһͶ󺣣Ҷʱ׷ȥ뺣һײһƬޱߵ֮С
һƬ磬Ŵɽպһ磬ҶӦϤޱȵʥ֮ɻһЦҵˣ
һ㵭ɫʥԶţҶһ·׷ȥͻȻǰԶһ޴
ȫɾӨɣڰţռ˴ա
ʲôޱȶ
ãҶȴһۿ봦תķڤã
ôޱ¦ǲûеõʥͷ­ǴʥİΪȴһҵ
¦Ѿ˲˲ĴڡҶüҲķԲͨʥͷ­ֱʥͬҲ˵üʱһʥߣǿĻ£
˵ţ͵һһз˹ȥ
үˣУ־ӶڤǾӨвڶһӦԶʱü漴͸еһ󣬿Զħ磬ȻҶ㣡
ʱ¦һ㣬λ֮ϣһڤȵӢ飬ʱȴȫһӨΧסжһľӨ㣬ڴ봦һСУΧĴһ壬еϵע¦ڣʹ¦ǵҫһ־ӨĹ⡣
Լ֮䣬ȻҪںһ塣
Ҷ㣿
ʱҶ֮ͻȻԲ۾һ̬վ̬ӨĹȻȴ·Ҫըһ㡣
֮ǰѪʥͨҵʥĹڣȴǿʲôҵ¦Ƿһŭĵͺ۾ֱԶҶ㡣
үô죿־üͷеؼֻ֣֮ͣǰ
ͣ¦ҧһ󷢺ݡֻҪȫʥõ֮ȫһ𣬴ñԳΪҵĻұǴõꡣʱҶħһ㣬ΣΪҵ塣壬ʥ£
ôأ־һԼӦһ㲻ԣɿʡ
ôڴʱ¦ǿ־ͻȻЦˡЦݹޱȣȴ־оһֵԨı䡣
үǺ⣿ɫһֳַڤס壬ȴٲע¦壬ΧԼߣסԼ
ҶĹտɼ־дżּҲǱʥ˵ĲţֻǾŸΪߣԼưµ׳־еǰѵҪң
¦ǻǸһðˡ
˵ţЦˣ֪㱳ʥʥߴˣôᵥ㣬ߣŷұֱʥźйأҺβú£ߣͼ׵õʥź
ү㾿־ɭȻˣֻͨƴãһУڤѾҵںһ壬ֻһָӣңҲ޷ƴã
Լ̫ˡ¦ҡҡͷΪ˭Ҷֻ־ˡ־𣬱ֻһöӡʲôʥΪǴ潫㵱һ£㲻Ⱦָĵ߰ˣѷ㡣
˵־һڤָ¦ǡ
㵽ڣΪľһ̡¦˵ϵʥ֮ʣд·˲֡־ʵһԿƴãΪڤѾںϣǲΪ˽סļѣʵȴԽԽڤڤѣ
˵־һֲԤͷӣе־塣
ʥжϵ֤¦ǽһЦ־Ҫһ˳ʥǰʲôղ£ҪһڹؼʱΪõǿ壬һҲһʥĲ¡
ЦУͻȻһâǹâһ־ʱоеķڤҵ֮ǿȻٿƲס
ɰɣꡢ塢ȫɵ¦Ǵһ
¦ǣˣ־зһ⣬ȫӿȴҪһ
ΪڤִķΪλУֲ׷飿¦ЦǱΪڤ֮ǱΪ֮ԷӡķڤڤǶȡ֮壬֮ڤ֮⣬Ƿڤ֮Ƿڤ֮ƾ˽ȡǿ֮УʹȫΪ¦֮Ϊ¦ӢϢ֮˵˷ڤ¦ҵķ٣÷ڤˣ֮ӡϴ˸ɾҲ÷ڤ֮ȡȡȴҪʹٶȷ
ЦУһԷڤɢͬһ㽫־ס־ƴȴʼ޷ѡ
ЩѾ뵽УԭҰһŬڶʱڽ֮롣
¦ǣҺúް־˫۳죬һ
ȻǾ֮ţӦѧҶ㣬٣ҲӦȥѧѧǻֶ¦¦дŲмأһʼһͶңűóġǿȷʵܿٻþǿ߻װǿ߸ĺôԽҪرľԽ࣡־ڵرʱˣ
һЦУ־ɫԽԽףȴԽԽֵطԼѾʧ˶ĿȨʼ壬ע뵽ڤС
ָоֲۼԼ뿪Լ壬ȴһУǼﱻԭţȴʼӳµҪ
¦ǣ㲻ú
һ޵ĺڴķڤڻصţƬ̼ʧ˸ɾ


411 ʥ
Ҷǰգ֮ѾһƬӨ֮ǰ
һ׳ޱȣһƬһ㡣
Ҷ㣬ˡһ𣬽ţһӰԴзŷڤҶǰ
ȴ־
ȴ֮ǰһ㲻ͬҶ¦ǡ
־𣬻¦ǣҶоͷʱͣʡ
⸱壬ôǽ־꣬ôֱ¦ǡԷ΢΢һЦϸֳȴ¦ǵЦݡ
¦ǣҶȻӣκü־ȻǻС˵Ϊ뻢ıƤȴ³ϧϧ
ϧʲô¦ǻҡͷ㵱УˣȴҰ㱨һ׮ʡ
˵У¼ĵȴ㡣Ҷ㿴¦ǣг˺⡣Ϊһ֮˽ݺҸΪһĹ𣿡
ܳΪյ㣿˵㵹Ӧлҡ¦Ц
Цݣ־ϣ˵Ĺ졣
ҪСˡҶ㿴˵Ҳܽɱ㺦־ʥҲضҪˡ
ʥߣ¦ЦôһֱδҶ㣬ʥ߲ʲôǻֶǿʥߣںδһɱˡʥֺʲô鷳
־һǾȡҶ΢΢ҡͷ¦ǣɻҲһյ㡣
յ㣿¦ҡͷȴôΪ෴һȴҵ㡣ҵõʥ֮֮ͬ󣬱ɽȫʱħ磬ٲķˡҽԴΪʥ򣬳Ϊۼһʥˣ㣬ֻҵĹԣ˲ɱ
ɲ֮䣬еķڤһ潣һҶ
Ǻʵʣһ֣ʱⶳΧռ䣬·溮ͻȻϮһ㡣
Ҷ㣬ʥź֮ﻹۼǺ糱ҫȴֻǻҡͷͻȻΪӱǰһնһն֮䣬һ¦ǣǺ֮˻֮£һɢ
һڿг𣬽űƽ
¦¶֮ɫҲ벻ҶѾõʥͷ­ǿ
ֻΪҶֵٴȴҲΪ⣬һҶ㣬ԽԽȻһ壬Ѿȫҳ־ɵĻ󷨣ѾΪԼǿڣʥѾнһ뱻ںϽ˴ҵ֮УյľԶ⣡գұҪʥĹ֮У˵Ҳһҫɡ
˵ţеķڤ͵һǽⶶ֮УһӨĹȫɢ⻯һףԷڤ˸Ϊ޴ĽСһƣǽ֮ţ·һӰ
ڤ趯ǵƱ֮ݻ˴ǧ磬Ļ󣬹֮롣
ͻȻ䣬ĿһһбʱҶĴ
һȷʵǿǾŽ׸ּˣֻҲҪʱ˱ᣬ档Ҷ㻺ͷȷʵ٣ϧһ
һߴݶһ߻ǰơһ˳Ӷһһǰȥһнס
ţƲʱ˱仯һʥĹâӿҫգ֮оӨĹ㻯һֱʥ磬ǾаУǰ¦ӿȥֱӽҲС
ʲôܵʥľ޴¦ǲɫ䣬ֵػӶڤҫ֮䣬ȴҲնµС档Сɢľ޴ȴһѹ壬ʹһʱĸо
Ҷ㣬ʲôɾ
ʥ˵ҶݶѾĻȻʥͷ­ܵõʥİ취ʵܿɹ󣬵ϧȴһʥͷ­ʥ֮¦ǣһУȴǾˮ£һհˣ
ܣⲻܣ¦˫۷죬ƺˣʥͷ­ǿᣬҪõ죬ѪʹʥҲøУҰʹʥͬ˲ýʥͷ­ɵõʥӵĪΪڶྺӮңôܱô׵ؾ͵õʥͷ­
ǻѾɱΣʲôҶһЦ
Ҳţ¦Ƿ𣬱ԶǲžӨĴУһ󲨶ǲ־⸱ϣγ˹һʱɢ
¦˽磬նһݺޱȵɨܣȴƲʥ෴ѹ֮£ԽԽŤղ¦η޷ų㽣
ڤҲΪܲ޴ѹȻʼŤ֮ͬʹһ㡣
Ҳܸ㣡¦õͳһӨĹâʱͻȻһֱ֮꣬ע뵽⸱֮С
ʱһ֮¦ӿצ裬ȻӲؽʥ˺һӣ¦ǿһ𣬻Ӷڤ˳ǵնһѷ죬һ·
Զңʦ췣
УһâԷڤ¦ǻӽд֡ЩһУתۼ۳һ֮ޱܻһеĴƺƵҶɱ
µһܸ㣡
¦ǵɫɲ־ףѾȫ¦ǵıȡøΪŤ·ԵĶ
ǼսϭģҶ΢΢ҡͷκεңһܽΡȻǿ󣬵ϧ㲢ûнȫաħ磬Կټһʥͷ­ҵĶ֣¦ǣҪˡ
һ̧֣ʥͷ­ʱԼߣɢޱߵʥԣԼ֮Ϊһ塣ҶϹ⣬ָһ֮䣬һֱ֮ڿˡ߸
һƪ˲ɣһϣʮɳߡʱȻûа֮ʱ׳ȴʤǰʥĹâߣһͶǼսϭĵĹ֮С
˲ıҪնɱۼͬһնϣȴֻԼ˲е³û˵߷ֺ෴Ǻ֮ÿһΪ֮飬ɹɢ
ʥɱУ¦ɱۣ͵ؽڤһӡ˲䣬ԶǱľӨ㣬ʱһ֮ãХһϣΪס
ϱѾ˾ӨףʱһϣȴɢʥĹԣĿ֮䣬ȻҲִһС桪ʥ磡
ǻҶ΢΢ͷû뵽ڴ˼ʣûʥź·ӳϧͬӵ˵ȴǲֵһᡣ
ʱʥ¦ײ˴һͬ
ʥҾ¦ٴη𣬻Ӷڤ֮УʱһȻ
ʥͷ­ڴˣ㻹ܿʥ𣿡Ҷһ͵һֽ̧ʥͷ­߸߾𣬴һʥߵع鵽ԭϢ֮ɣ
֪ռʥķһɲȴͻȻ鲻ԽΪ
һ֮ʣһƬʱ


412 
һƬУǱ˴֮Уú¦ںһ壬ʱʥͷ­Ҷһбʱ
ʥͷ­ȻĿ壬һȴɢʥ֮⣬ǹֱӴһ谭룬һſбʱת¦ڵȴֳȡ˳
һۿҪϵĹҲһ»գ֮СƬ̺еԴ¦ڳ룬Ȼȴٵʥͷ­ע룬ֻƬ̼䣬Ǿ޴оһ롣
עٶ֮ǰеٶȣֱ֮
ô¦Ƿŭشƴӽȴ޷Ҷγɰ谭
ҶɴҲֻסһУȫʥͷ­ʥ֮
Ҷ㣬Ҷ㣡¦ɢ⣬޺޵ͺȴͻȻһת֮СҵţͻȻ֮ʧ
Ҷɱ֮ģʱҪȴʥۼҲֻ̾һ¦ǣδٶЩʱհɡ
֪֮䣬һƬʥȫʥͷ­ȡʥͷ­еĹâøΪ˸ǻ֮һ޴ΪӨĹʥͷ­֮ϣִҶϣָħ硣
ޱܵߵչ˫ۣ佫ԼΧơ
ʥҲ̾ࡣˣվȫΧȴ仯ϵԽԽǿԼѾָȫʢʱڵ߳ɡ
ʥĲƷ۷Źâһ˷ܡ
Ҷʥ֮Уȴر۾ϸӦǣħʹ֮ڲݣһĳּޡּ״̬֮£ȴӦеǻ֪ʶȻ֪Ӱ죬Լǻ֪ʶҲɷ仯ȥһЩ޷͸ĵʱȻ
лʥָ΢΢ͷͻȻ۾һ֣ħڵٵת
ҹȥΪԼ˽֮Ѿ֮ʹħڿȴԶħĻ֮Ƿɢģδȫһγ壬ǿʥȾȴѾں֮Ӧеɣ
һĿ֮תϢͬӰ㱼ħ֮ܵı仯ޱȲ¶ϲ֮ɫæ԰֮Ǳ
һЩȴǰתϴڲ֮Ѫϴһ㣬ǵĪĺô
Ҳ֪˶ãЩ˶֮ȫΪһ壬ħʮַؽһγһִʥϢħ
Ȼһħһγɣħϵħʱһȼʥ죬ǿޱȡʱҶħħȴԶʤǰ
ħڱøΪ̣еͳһһγ壬ʵ͵Ծ
Ҳʱܵħ仯Ӱ죬һͬХԭѾﵽ۷壬ʱħ仯٣ȴͬʱͻƼ޵ĴȻһ߽ף
ѷӢ鵤ﵽ߽ףȴѾ̣۷崦ȥҲջ޴
ޱֻǳףʱܵӰ죬Ҳֳ˿ۿҪ𣬾ȻҲҪˡ
Ҷȴһ֣ħʱޱͬʱħ֮е֮ٳȡƬ̼仯һöӢ鵤
ޱʱҵ֮ѾͬٴӢ鵤ȥõʣʹʳӢ鵤ߣȴƾ֮һ޶˵Ž֮ʷľ
áޱۣ΢΢ͷֱſ죬Ҷ㽫һöӢ鵤Ϊ¡
Ƭ֮һڷڶ鲻ԽһվһХϢҶһ»һֱ
Ҷȫħٵسϴˢޱʥ֮ޱȫ֮£ޱȻٴ󣬺Ȼͬɽһ㡣
֮Уޱ˫ҲųһĹϷХʧ֮Ҷ㣬ȴһϲ
磬ҾȻֱӴﵽ˳߽ף
Ӣ鵤еļƷҲֻó׽߽ף㾹Ȼʱɴ۾
Ӣ鵤ȻǼƷҶһЦؼħ֮ʥޱ仯ֱӽ߽ףǻʲô壿
üһִǿǲ󡣡Ц
ϻһޱҶδӣҪˣȻҪȫˡޱиҵһλ÷ضܴһʥҲΪ˲õʥˡ
㼪ԡޱһЦǻϲ
ʱһƬʥĹȴԭʵĴأȻ翪ѣҲʾһҵɫһҴһĩսٵĸо
ʥѾȫȡֻҲάֲ˶ˡҶ㻷ܣ˵߰ɣֻһߣʥȫϾϵҪʱˡ
ʥȡô֮ϵ᲻жأ̲סʡ
ӦᡣҶҡͷԼԸӦʥںδ᲻ɢ޴ϵźʹ֮ͨޱȼ̣κ޷֮𡣡
ǱáһͷҲû취źˡ
ߡҶ㲻ٶ˵ʲôħһɶݣֱ뿪һƬʥĹ
һߣʥĹ˾޴ı仯һĲաɢάϵתɢʱػٳ飬ٱ΢ҲѺۣݡ
ôˣ
ʱһӰȴͻȻʥĹ֮Уۼڱ˲ɷһ
Ӣ𪣬һװɫߵְ멣һ˫ѥɢ޴оڿУշ衣
ȴҶϵĵһλŽ׸֣ǵң̫ԣ
Χ͸һ׺Ĺâ
˭˭˴󵨣Ȼڱ֮ǰʥ
ȻǱСˡڴʱһӰ⼴ʥĹ֮СһۣǰۡСȡڹͭ໤ɢһǿ߷졣ϣһ䵶ҫ֮⡣
ȴǺϦۣ֮ǰҶս֮ʤǿߣ;
Ǻˣ̫ԸܵԷǿϢʱȫ䱸΢΢ˡ
ϲǾǵң̫԰ɣ;ʵ
̫΢΢ͷ
˺Ϧۣ;;΢Цһ
ģ˴˼Ͳô˰ɣ̫һϦۣ֪Ǻ˶ʥ
ȻǶʥͷ­֮ˡ;˵
˭
ۼǷڤҶ㡣
Ҷ㣿Ȼ̫һľȡô֮ǰǸСɫֻܳǿߴս֮ʱ͵͵ôܡ
뺡ս֮ʣȱ޳֮£һʥͷ­;޺ҧҽϵһ·ѰȴһȻȡ
Сʵɺޣ̫ɫϦۣ߲Զֽɱʥͷ­
д⣡;йâɢɱ


413 ѹ
ңԶϷһ޴ɽ֮ϣӡϥŷұһԣԶա
ˣһˣͻȻ䣬ָԶսе
ôС֡ӡ۾΢΢һЦϵǶ˻һļϡ
㡣ŷұæͷ
Ҷ֮ǿѲǿӦġӡ˵ô㽻ǰɡұɱǺôڿȴǶ˶ҶĳɱʱǱѧҶ֮ǰֶΣ
֣ЩŽǿΣŷұһЦ
СģǷ˲ǡӡ˵ҷƴʣµһʥѰʥĹָ̫ԺͶ;Ҷʥ֮ʸϵսȴû뵽Ҷַ䣬ȴѾˡ۾ָֻǶ׷Ҷˡãֻĸ棬ܱǷ֡Ҳɵӣڲ࣬һܲ³ǵ⣬ʱ˵ܷ֮Ҳδ֪
סŷұһͷɽ֮
Ҷ뿪ʥĹ֮һ·ҪԨȥͬʱϸӦʥͷ­ʥı仯пǣĥŽǿӦ֮Ƭ֮䣬ȴԼӦʥӿ仯΢΢һ˿
ʱͣϸظӦΧƬ֮󣬱ӦʱϢɿƶ׷Լ
ʲôˣʱչĿħħ֮˲Զ㿴̫;ֱֶ׷Լ
˾ȻûлһˣȻӡôģַҲ̫׾˰ɣ
ȻҶҡͷȴҵ͹ӡһ˼תõ죬Ȼ֪Ҷʥͷ­󣬹һԸңô
ôҵʥĹޱ̲ס档
ӦҲӡɵĺ¡Ҷ˵̫ԺͶ;Ȼûֱ죬һʼǾֱѰʥĹȥˡӡˣʵȻһ㣬ƻޱȣһֶⷨΣܸоǿߣ˵ȻΪֻۣΰǿߵһӶѡ
ô죿ޱʡ̫ԵǲΪ壬;磬Ѿʥź֮˰ɣ
Ȼ¡ҶһЦ֮ǰ˴ܵĴۣһҲʡǴһ˿սܵź
֣һشЦ
˵֮䣬λȴѾֶ˲䵽ǰһͣסҷֿҶңңš
Ҷ㣬û뵽һǿһ⣬ȴõĺô̫ԴҶħ֮зߡ
Ҳ¡ʥͷ­ǿ㲻;˵
ðҶ㿴Ŷˣ΢΢һЦֻλһλҪʥͷ­һλҪʥأȴʴˣΪʥͷ­ʥɷָԭѾһ壬λҪֻܽʥͷ­п룬һһˡֻǴ˷ǷУҶĳȴǲ֪
죡̫һСӣ޷ò֮ìܣҸ㣬ǳ룡ǱȽɱʥź˵
˵һ֣һľӨʱƼۣݻһ
֣ҶȴһһʥĹֱħ֮ʹУȴ·ʥ˽һ㣬ɢĪѹ
һӨĹ㣬ֱɢõдΪ壬ֱӱ仯һʮɳߡƬâϲŵȴ·ʥʥһ㣬ɢʥ֮⣬һ̫ȥ
ʥźȻǺö̫һḬ֮̃ɫȻСֱʹþŽǿ֮õֻΣ̤ѥҾɱУ
еĽ͵һһԽѥȴͻȻâڶ뽣Ϊһ塣
ֳջնһĽǽںһݻһͼͼ֮У˷һһȺȺǳƣǼݺףޱɾ֮ȻУƮޱȡ
ɽˮɾ̲֮࣬סɴ۾Ҫȥۿɾ֮һĨĽ⡣
߷˹ȥȴһɾ֮Уܹ̫ߣ佹ߣȴܽѡ
һҶһͷǶͨ˽ǿʹãֻʱҪʧһɱʥ壬ξССþ
һЦ֮䣬ſƣһʥĹâɢȴ·ǳ̫һ㣬һ˹ȥֱɾ֮ϣȹƿһ㣬һ¶һԭ͵̬
ʥ磡
һХУһֱݻǳ棬ת仯ʥ磬ɾȫΧУһĨµĽ⣬౻С
ʲô̫ʱӦޱ߿־壬·ѾצԼͷϣִһȫӶһɭɱ⽣⣬ȻʥҲնһѺ
ҲֻѺ۶ѣԶﲻѵĵزʥȻС޴ѹһ̫ѹ˹ȥһʱɫҰףڱ֮оȻѪ
ֶΣ;һʱ֣ϾӨ裬˲仯ʮɸߵʥϵ˹ת۱仯һʥ缲նȥ
һޱȵҪ壬ȴʩһ㣬ֻһ㽫ʥնһȱڣ̫ʱˮ߼һ㣬͵ȫһԾȱڴ˳ȥ
УȴǲסϢþޱȵĿҶ㡣
ôܱô
ʥͷ­֮;΢΢üĿⲻ뿪Ҷ㣬̫˵ңۣҶ˱˽ģȫձ˵رֻǷȫҲδ֪֮
Ȼ𣿡̫һҧҶ޺޶ӣȴ뵽֮ǰҶʱ龰
ʱСӷ뵽СӣһǿΪ֮ۺر
󣡡;Ҳһ󷢺ݡ
󣿡ҶһЦһұǼʶʲôСաɡ
̧֮䣬ħħ֮з˲һʥâһڵڿз֮ǰǰΧ̫ɾʥ磬ٵֱӹе֮ϣ·𻯳һһ㡣
ߵߣһ̫˹ȥ
ħȴʥֱ֮Ŷ;
ǿ;üͷһ壬ǰգȴ˳ʮԶһ֣ǵʥǰһնھħϡ
һʱ䣬ħ˻ȥʥҲҡΣȥ
ԣͷ;üͷø͸֮ɫһûнʥ֮֮ǰһսŹãôֵز
ʵ˵ɡҶ΢΢һЦҵõʥǻȴѾͨȥܽ⿪ĵѾħȫʹ϶Ϊһ뷨֮Զһ棡
һ棬Ѿ̫ס⣬޷ƿһʥףֻϲѺۣȴ˼ߡ
ߵô̫ԾȻ޷룬ɷһյĴ
Ļףе⹥ƵĻףСһնƣɺްϦۣף
;ȴҲһۡ
ʱԹ˲Ͼʱܱ˵෴ȴѾתԽĥ̫ԵԼԴȥˡ
ǿУΪϣ
һ֮䣬;ȴͻȻ̫Էȥ
ң۲ü㣡
˵ţʥһֱӽϵʥƿһȱڣ̫һϲ֮件һݺһУ


414 ɱ̫
ҺҶɱ£
;ʱһϾӿȴڳһҪҶƴļơ̫Բ֪ǼƣʱŴȫҪҶһ
;һȣƻӴǵʥХǰΪȷҶֱɱȥ̫Ҳ󣬴һ̰֮ģȫɫâ뾧Ө㣬֮䣬ֻͻһͦй⽣ŵʥҶɱȥ
ԸǣԭҶ΢΢һЦ̧֮Ϲһʥȥֱӽʥ̫ԹС
ǵʥ͵ؽһӣʥʱնһѿڣ̫ԳХֻͻͦɱֱȡҶҪ
֮ǰǶ;ľŽ۷ǿߣʵƿʥ磬ȴס
Ҷ΢һͷһ䣬ʥĹâµߣһ·ǰֻɵͻסԼһȭֱǰӭ̫һ
ȥɣ̫ԿЦһϽӿһֻûޱߵɾý磬ҶС
ƣҶйâһʱʥ֮ƿػþֱյ̫ϡһȭͬٵһ㣬Ȼһײǳϡ
ʥͷ­ʱҶ߸ֶɢʥ
ʱҶȴǵʥһն֮ȴ·Ǻ޼̶Ҫһ㡣ϸһŷֵʥеȴֻʣ֮ɵΣķȴѾӰ
ȴǶ;̫Գƴ֮˷һӶݶȥ
𣿡Ҷһٲֱ࣬ʥͷ­̫ײ˹ȥ
һ£춯أκ޷ֹ̫ԿҪֵܵסʥźһײ˲䣬ػ֮ƬҲʥͷ­һײ֮³׷ɳ
һͷ­ޱʥֱ֮ײ̫Ե֮ϣ̫Ե˫˲㱬ѿȴǾ޴ֱӳںĲֱӵܲסһ
ܰ˺ѷεĿУȴڰ;Ȼֹײ֮£һ·鿪΢ɢܡ
֮ȴʥͷ­ֱɣһ㲻
֫飬ɣ̫ת֮ɢֻһһԽɫѥ̤ѥȴһķȴһޱȵľľ
ǾӣҶ㲻һֱֽץ˹ȹ۲⾵⾵ӹ⻬ޱȣһȾûʲôĵط
ʹùճƽܵҶȴ֪⾵ʵһ֡ؼ
ֽͨţܳñ棬ܻ·糾𡣾ƤƳɵƤᣬҲбʴһ졣
Ωķ棬߽Լǻ۾ɾħʽУɳñ棬Թհѧϰ
һ澵ӣȻַȴʤճȻһҲʲô˲õĶ
Ҷ㽫̤ѥ;ľһħ֮УȴʱѰ;Ϣ;ȴǽƻȴΧɢԼϢҶԿ䵽δֻա
ӦΧϢ仯Ҷ㷢ǿڲ࣬ʱħڵϣС
Լħ֮Уȴȡ澵ӣֱӴһħ͸С
ǾȻҲ֮Ҷʱﵽ˽۷壬ǺεǿĴڣĻ᾵ӱ֮ƣħӿУʱ㽫ӵƽ⿪ֱӶصϢ
ȴ̫д͵һ壬ؼԳһŽ׵ĵᣬԼ̫һǿߵĵãȫǾ
ǺöҶһĶͷصİ˽ͻƾŽ֮ĵãҶҲмôǿˣΪҲһĪİ
˵ţħתֱӽеּسȡ˳һ֣һͼչħ֮С
һ֣ħϵħУΪԴԴϵĶʹһָԶҫâһڻġ
öǺöˣ۷ŹâϸĶ
ޱ̧ۣͷĶԭеĲ֮ʱõϵʱŶ
Ҷٽ̤ѥħ̫ԭڷе׽ʹ֮
ħУ̤ѥʱһ׽Ϣһһ·ɹϣСȫʡ
ȴ̤ѥ仯Լ̬Ӧˡ
ϸоҶ㷢̤ѥǿǳ߽ҵںûɾý֮ȴ빥֮Իˣ赲˹Ǽĺ÷
Ͻ֮ʹƽطɰС
ѥħ˵ʲô˲õĶҶ㲻㽫֮ħ磬ֱ͵ޱǰ
ޱ̤ѥнɾý֮һŷ󡯣ȴơ˵Ӹ㴩á
ҾͲˡޱһЦ˹ѥУѥʱΪһϡ֮䣬ϲѻ
Ҳܷ
ҶһЦ䣬ֽһڵľľȡ˳ⶫİ̫һѹԼԼ֮ӶһκľӵײӴ
ײӴϵһһĹԷҶ̧һӣһֱѹħ֮еӱ˹ײӴһⷨʱɢ޴ȻﳬŽס
ǼöҶ㻺ͷޱⷨ㽻ɡ
ҲҪˡޱȴҡͷߡħ֮У룬ҪĻʲôǽħ֮Уħɡ
л롣Ҷ΢Цͷһȷʵ˵ã̫Դⱻҽ֮ߣҪɱҲôסãҲˡ
˵һ֣ʱħסӣħħ֮£ӽۻȫ΢
Ҷ޷֮ħҲѾںټʥͷ­֣ʥգƾȴ׽ⷨƬ̼䣬ӱȫĹעֱ뵽ħ֮С
һĺڰϢʱħпӿ𣬵漴ֱħкͣħһ֣
һ֮ħ˱仯ȴһӦħı仯һ˶ϲѡ
ҵȫָˡħӰ죬ٷ仯һȴȫָȫʢʱڵĳ̶ȣɷ±ɰ˽׵ǿˣˣлĶͣ
ˣȻⲢҶħָȴһһлƨĹʮֵλ
ҶֻЦЦһ֣ҹΪħѾϢߣҲŽΪħ׶ӦõĺôֻۣҪȫȫң⣬һ죬Ҳ޳
ǣˣ۲κģæҶʩ
Ҷһּ䣬ȴ۵ȫ£ʹȫָ֮
ȻҶĶͣæʩ񣺡лˣСʱضȫЭˣκģԸħ罫ȡɣ


415 ¦֮
ƽ쳣ֻżз紵աȺУںϡ
ʱһȴƿռ䣬һƬɽ֮Уʱһӿ𣬴ɢȺ޴ѹǾɢ
ӿ֮䣬ƻȡ֮һ񱩵
ҲģҲİ
ƿճֵĴд־¦ǣŷ۾ڲʵ
ҽԼⲻ˲ģҸôŬô͵õһգҶ㣬ʲôΪοԲͶ׶ӦҵһУ첻
ŭ𣬴Ŵõĵ棬˽еķŭй⣬κ塣
ʱһԼԶնѸٵ˽ǰȻһ˴֮Уͻ˴õػ֮ڡ
˭¦͵̧ս˷ڤȡ
˱һżžţһ򻺻תһֳĿ¦ǣʵҲǵۼˣҶʶ
˭¦ҧʵǰˣɢһֳǿߵѹ¦ǲСҴ˾Ȼƿõػ֮ȴһֵսľĸо
Ƿǵۼˣʡ
˭¦дŷݵζոҶ˿һʱ޷ת
Цˣ˰֣ѣҲûж⡣ǾϴӰ֣ǸӦ֮ⷨϴҶϢԲŸʵ˵ҲҶĵˡԶǣΪľʥͷ­ʥȴҰһˣʵǸ
¦صͷҶȷʵϴۣңȴΪΣ
Ҷ㾿ӰֺʵҿͣϻͯӣֻжʮҵˡᣬͿﵽֵز
ˡ¦Ǻ޺˵Сʮ֮ǰǸֻ֪ʥʿʮ֮ŴǱȴڶ̶̼֮˺绽˿ɵУ
ʲôӰִһʮ֮ǰʿôܣ
ԭΪʥֵ֧ġ¦˵ǵۼϣҲᣬӵоǵıʥ˵ӰӴڡڿյ⸱һˡ
Ӱִ־壬ͷѹ֡ʥԤﵽ˾磬Ҳʵ¡
һ£ȴһֱʡ¦ǿӰ֣ͻȻʵ˵ؽӴǿ֮ŷ֣֮ȴƺħйأ
ôˣӰһ⻰ʲô˼
ǵۼϣȴûħ֮¦˵еģֻ֮ˣеʿֻΪħ񲻹ֻڴ˵֮Уʵȴ
ˡӰֲȻħԹഫħʿԼҪѡ֮ǵۼϾȻûħ֮ôܣ
ƺЩˡ¦ü˼Ƭ̣ͷҲܾҶйء
䲻󶮣Ҳֻ˽͡Ӱ˵ͷ޷ͣôн˿ٵڡ
ϴۣҲֻΪ°ɣ¦ԼоԼһ˿ᣬɶסӰ֣ʡ
ӰֵͷҶҶ㣬֮ǣʥź´ȴϾɷ䲻ܣȴҲ޷ġ˷֮󣬱˽֮ԸҶ뷨
ѡˣ¦йâ䣬ǵۼǷڤȨ㳯Ұڤҿ֮£ԴҶ֣㴦ƻҵĴƣֱұ˲˹ӣĳޣĺ֮ˮдϴۣһ֮ҶҶɱң
⣡ӰҲâ¦ǵģ΢΢ͷѾӦˣǽĳطȴڻŵʱͱ˰Ӣ顣ǿطȡ˴˵塣һطԽȫͬҪ
Ȼ¦Ǽæͷ
ҸоޱߣȴȫơӰּ˵һط֮ȫ㣬ʹȫ÷Ҫ
Ȼ¦ǴһȲģ
ãӰֻͷҲƽڷ㣬¹ݵͶ£ΪҳӣΪһɱҶ㣬ȡʥź
ϣ³¦ǣԸΪ۸Ϳأ¦ǾȻԥʱؿͷ
ȴӰ֮⣬ȻκȴЦʹ죬ˬ죬ԵòˡҲգһԱͽҲϹ֮£
˵ţ΢΢һЦ̧֮䣬ʥʱԣͨһ壬ʥĹҲɢϣ¦ǲһʥâ
ʥź¦̧ͷֱۣ͸֮ɫ
˰ɣѾʥˣȰͷӰֲ޵˵׷ֻкôûа㻵
ǣ¦ǹףĬĬʥâϴ
֮Ӱһ֣һâʱӿ𼸸ӨĹ㣬ֱӴ¦ǵԭҰ֮С¦ȻӦһ˿ԣȴĬ
ҽҵ壬κҪ£ֱ֪ͨҡӰ˵طѴ⸱֮Уܷ񷢻ȫ㿴ˡҪȥʥźҲΪ֮ɡҶ˽ʥźпܵõֵģȴѰ֮·ѾطУԼɡ
ұжѲҵġ¦Ǻݺ˵
Ӱ΢΢ͷͻȻ֮磬һƿնȥԶ١
Ӱ֣Ƕлˡ¦ֱӰֵϢȫʧ¶һĨЦݡһ͸ʣһ³뵽ԭҰ֮Уһ»ޱߵĿ磬ֱӽǼӨĹС
ַĴΣҲˣһ죬ҵõʥźҪҲһɱеʥ۶ȡΪã
¦ǿЦţڤ뵽ԭҰ֮Уһ»һԭҰԭ֮һ壬ǼӰֵԭҰж
һԭҰҲʧȥήֱһӰС
طȻǺöȴҪúòǡ¦ȴΪ⣬һɳԭҰ
ԭҰȴ־ԭҰûаϵλںǰ˰壬ȴ
Цţ־תõطģͷ˾޴ı仯־ҲŤձ¦ǵ
һʥ˴壬Ҳ¦ǲ޵ЦţͻȻ佫ֱһӣһ֮ʱɢЩ֮Уںʥ˵ǿޱȣһ¾ͽλϵӢѹס
ЩӢ飬ʥǰֹȴرʥںһ壬һ޴ġ顱Σû˵ǣڰƮš
ɣȫƿأ¦ſµĹâ֮䣬һץס顣һ㣬ʱ֮С
ã㶼аɣ
ХУ𶯲ݡ
һзʱҶȴԶǧ֮⡣
ʱѾȫʥеѶϢһʥͷ­ϢԭҰ֮УסʥźĶ̬
λ㴩Խͨȥʥź
ħ磬һ·ɶݶƬ̺֮Уһͷһһϴ֮һѳȴһİ֮ϡ


416 ʮǿ
ޱȣڸ߿֪һӣԶԶǣۼǲ¡
֪ʲôһʥźޱشܣ̲ס˵
ѰҶ˵ʥЩ֫ϵϢֻҪ˳ʥָѰź¡ֻϣضҲһľ棬ֻҪϸհɡ
ʱһ̾ϢȴͻȻţһӰ֮л˳ôڰ֮Уħš
û뵽˾ȻҲҶħ֮ҡͷ
⣿Ҷһ±ϳλòͬһ㣬ǲѧĵۼǵһǿߣϾ΢ĸף⡣
Ҷ㣬ֱ𲻾ãȴֽˡ⵱նĿɨħ磬΢΢ݡ벻λǿǣʥͷ­ȴᵽСҶ۹ĲȻǼ
佱ˡҶ΢΢֡ۻж磬Ǳ߸յõʥͷ­ѷᣬ˴˵أ
ǷᡣҡҡͷҸӦʥͷ­ĶȴҲ֮˱ֱȴĵֻû뵽ߵȴ㡣
Ӧʥͷ­Ķ򣿡Ҷ㲻һۻ㱾죿
Ҷ㣬δġ⿴˵ȻҲϣ΢ȣȸ֮š֮һΪʱȴֻǡģʱ֮ǰҵʱƿӰ֮ʹԶڵۼλ
۵˼Ҫʥʥ֮ػҶһЦ
ʵҲд⡣Цֻ㲻˵ڰˡҲǣʮ꿪ʼʱʹﵽ˳˽ףۿԲŽ֮ʥ򣬶˵ƺҲʲô¡ˣҪ֪һδʮףһվͲзϣֻҪ㻹ǷˣҪܷơ㣬ѹ㣬˳Ӧңֻ·һ
Ҫҹֽʥͷ­𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼˡ⻺ͷ
⻰˵þδЦˡҶ㻺ҡͷۻ֪ɣսƽֵ̫ԣǰѾ֡
֮СһЦ̫Դ̫죬֮⣬֮ʡçײ꣬£ںж˵޲ͬһİ·˰ˡ
ǹװͿ治ҵ˼Ҷʡ
ֲɵӣβһЦ㲻Լжôǿˡ˽۷壬̣ܺá
ô۱ԼһºˡҶ㵭һЦӿһʥĹԣʥʱγɵ㾧ӨâƼۡŻ̧һֻ֣ſƶ׼⡣
˲䣬һʥзһ½УסޱߵĻСĲתѹ⣬Ϣ뷢졣
ʥ磬ܺáѹȣ⾹Ȼ˿Ϊֻ΢΢ͷµʥͷ­ãĥʥź÷һȴȵǿ̫ˡ
ҶвһԼӦһ˿
⵭ЦͻȻҲӿһʥĹâǹâ֮УһʥٵֱҶ㷢ʥһ˴
ˣδܵκӰ졣
ʥźҶĿһ
⻺ͷ֪ΪαչǱôꣿ֪Ϊ֮Уȴǵۼ֪ͨΪҵ̫Ľɫս˷
һЦ䣬Դ𣺡Ϊ֮ǰұѾﵽ˳ʮףʥźܡҷֵۼϣȻʥźƾʮ׾֮õУȴ֪֮භ꣬ʹʮ֮ģȴŽ֮
Ȼ£
⻰һڣҶ㲻Ϊ֮𾪡
Ҷ㣬ҪưԵۼǣоŽ֮Ѿ㹻˵һֱ̲Ϊľȫʥźӭ֮һգΪȾ΢֣ʱһҪ̫Խ֣һȴҪѹʥźʵǼޱȡҲǿһսʹȴ»ʮ֮ɹѹʥɣ
ʥɣҶԾСʵϲۼһֱŵģȻʥźһ֡ɣ
ܴ֮㿿ͷɣͷҪɸΪҪת֮Уͷ֫ǳ֮ϣ˵ɱеĴأûûһС
֮أеĻ
Ȼѱõˣ
Ϊۼǿѣѵʥź󣬳Ϊ֮ǿİ˵ҵĿ꣬ǰôҲһֱ̲ڣѲˡҪ˷ǿ߾
ֻ²װɡҶҡͷһЦҼ̫ӵҰĵˣǵĽȴһһҡۣʵʮףΪβڳʥ֮ϣЩ̫֮Ц𣿡
ˡ΢΢ҡͷʥ֮УиַһӦᡪ¦Ҳã־ҲգǱʥ֧԰ɣ㱳һλλʥְ֧ɣʥҲʥ֮ȴֻ»иĿΣգڷ֮ʱʥԱ
õǳԶ⻰Ҷһʱȴ޷⣬ֻõͷ
˲ţĿһͷ˷ԣԷеԼǵѣͬɣ˲ţϧΪβͶ̥ҼңΪҵĶ
ҶЦˡ
˸δڵ֮ңҲұ㲻ǽյˡ˵
˵֮䣬͵һֱħ֮Ϊȥ˫ȭǰһһȭӭšȭƣЩӨĹ㣬ʱøΪˣޱ߷籩ڰպХ
ͷһȭʮ㣬൱
ȴһߵһ֣һ֣ǽһţֱķӨĹЩͬөһȻ裬һ·Լһ㣬˲ǰ۳һӨֱۣһϵϢӭҶһȭ
ֻһƣҲΧκķ籩γɣ⾧Өȴʹ˽Ҷƾˣ˻֮еȭȫ
ҶδϵԷһƾȻĿһҲ룬ʱһֻȭͷ
һȭУħħǰаħڵһȭ֮ϣʱһȴħһ·俪
޴ĳƶҶȥ˲ʮ֮ⰲȫ֮
ǾӨƵնħ֮󣬾Ȼδʱ߽ѣһѺ֮һƿĹ裬¾ۼС
һнʲô⿴Щ㣬Ϊ֮ݣſڶʡ
ħڡҶӦ
ħڣħ硭⻺ͷѾ֪ȴħ֮ڣҵۼϲ޴˵ȴ֪Ƿйأ
ҲˡҶ˵֮ǰۼһλŮʥˡʥʥ֮ǰħջˣΪ磬ʹӡħӡ֮Ծ֮ŵΪ壬ӡħ֮ңһħʹűʣͷħ֮˽֮ɾ͡
ѹ֣⿴Ҷ㣬ͷλʥǲ֮ˡ
ʥˣСıӦҶһЦ


417 ۼ˫֮ս
ʥΣҡͷ΢ЦֻҪǱⲻ˱ۡ顢ڸҲãʥҲգȷǿѡ
⻰ǲҶͷѹۿͻؼޣﵽǿʮסļʶߣ
ȣȴ̫ࡣ˵״ﵽ˽ףŽȻʮֻҲңԶһãۼ֮ڳĵһʥˣҲҡ
Ȼ·ѽ̸˲Ϣ֮䣬ȴͻȻ֣͵ǰһ죬ֱҶץ˹ȥɲ֮䣬ӨͻȻɣһһֻľ֣ޱѹ϶£ͬһޱߴһҶֱץ˹ȥ
Žף֮ΪʵʣԹŽ۷壬ӵﵽʮףԹֱ֮ͨʹȴѾ޽ӽʥˡ֮ǿ󣬷֮޷ֵ
ȴһ֣߳һ߽Žסʮ׵ʵʸ֮Ҷ㡣
л̻塣ҶӦһ͵һľӨʥͷ­ɢȭϣ˲仯һͬʱһʥϣɽУֱǾ롣
˿Ϊƽԡ
ǾƺХ£һ±Уʱֳһʥ˲кҶʥ磬ţǾ̩ɽѹ֮¶ѹǽ׹
вһ죬ȴ·ǳܲסʡ
ȫ֣Ըޱħдһޱħ֮Сۣˡ
ˣҲֻǽж֧Ƭ̶ѣת֮䣬Ǿƺݺץһ¾ͽץѺ۱鲼֮һӨС顣
ȴûκˣڿһͣ٣Ҷץȥ
һƣһơ⻺˵Ⲣɵ֮֮¶ݻơҶ㣬ǷˣסġҲٻʮ֮Žδﵽ
¡ҶһͻȻ䷢ʥͷ­ԼΪһ壬ȭ֮䣬ȴʥͷ­ƵϷ۾סǲϽµľƣȴӿһɲ־־˲ʥͷ­֮ϣȴʥʩӰ졣
֮ȴɶĲʣұѹвʣͬԵͬܡʥˣĲʻҵһƣ
һ֮УҶ͵طһȭƶʥͷ­ֱϣȻֱǾײ˹ȥ
˲䣬Ʊʥͷ­ײһҶľ͵һ±ʥͷ­
һսʥͷ­ҶһץУۿҪӾǽһ㽫Ҷһ顣ʱһʥĹâȴԾ֮бһ½ƴ̳һ󶴡Ƕʴ˲ת֮䣬ǵصľƣһ±ը
Ҷʥͷ­ȻȴǺˡ
ˣҫžӨĹ㣬γһ󳱡Ǵӿɢޱ߾ӿ֮͵һ·ڶֱӻһɵߡߵ裬طףһ·תɳֱȥ
һּ䣬ħŹħħ𣬲ŵʥһħзճ๥⡣
ãٶȣһ⻺ͷֻԸңȴ
ּ̧䣬һ糱ӿ𣬾Өݺύȴһ⻯һѪ󳱡Ǵ󳱷ţɢѪ֮ȴ·ǵѪ˼һ㡣
һƣǴ󳱱ΪɣһɱžߣһֱֱҶ㡣
߷ڣҪƹ󳱣κδӿޱߣȴһ½Сڴ֮иɱˮֱ˵㾧ӨѪɫâɢҲǴʴһ߽⡢ѣձɢɹ㡣
Ҷһ󳱣ֱײھħϣħ΢΢һ֮䣬Ӧ˶Էսʱɢ޴һħԴԴϵħħϣħһʱʢޱȣ͵Ǵ󳱽˸췭ظ
ǹȻħɢתۼֻʣһ°
ɾڴʱߵһȴڶڻһˮ֮Сʱˮ֮Ҷѹ
ħŹâȴ΢΢ͷħȻһ㣬ħޱȣǿ쳣֮ⷨϣѹϢѵã֮ǰһֻʥźȴǴģǵۼЩĵرҲӦǡҲнɾ͡
̰Ĳ󡣡ҶӦһ䡣
⻰ЦˡҲֻ˵˵ѡرޱˣܾһ֣֮ܵõʥɣѾˡҺ֪㡣ҽɱһУһر˾֣
ҶҡҡͷͻȻ͵ش߶ħĹٽʥͷ­һħںһ塣
һ˲䣬·һ仯ĸоʶ˲Ծһּ䣬ȴӳ֮һȴ
ħҫʥâޱħ⣬һȥһԼشɾܾķѪһħʱֽ߽⣬ӨѪɫ㣬ȥ
һ󳱣ȻױƣħſµĻֱ֮ӳ鵽ǰ
ǿҲɶݣɫһ֮䣬ǰͻȻֳһɵĻӰǻӰ˲ʵ¶ʥɵʵ壬ɢһʥĹԣУԼһǰײ˾ħϡ
һĺ쳹֮䣬ΧĿռ𵴣Ѻ۴һʱ𣬴ķ
ʮ׸֣һȻҶƵʥź֮
Ҷ㣬ȻעҶ㣬ͷɫءô̵ʱȻĥʥź÷ǿʵǿԽˣɱ֮ıԽᣡۼϣǿΪУ
ɱ˵Ҷ㳤Хһ֮ǰǶʶӰ죬֮һƬ˲ħһ㲻ϳ⡣ħ·𻯳һâϳʥ֮ϣâޱҫ۵Ļ𻨡
ͬʱҶΧӿһħȴʥʥһʱںһ壬ơ˲ޱߵħħٽһֻžħͻȻһ·һ˲͵ǰ
ʥźʥźռ˶ٱˣһһֻһսȭƶʥͷ­ǰֱȥʥ֮ϡ
ʥźײʱƵһ죬ȴо춯صɡҶƶ֮Ҳãķ֮Ҳãʥźײ˲䣬ɢܶʥźκӰ졣
ҶҪģЧ΢΢һЦ䣬һֻ־ħֱƹɢʥɣţ
Уֻ³֡
֮ʣѾ΢΢һ֮䣬ȭϴӨֱ˲䣬бһѪɣɾ޶ܵ˾ħһǾ޶֮һȭȻֱӻҶ֮С
Ҷʱһݺ棡
ȴײһ޴ĿӶ


418 Žħ
ʥź֮֮ߵ֮⻺˵ʹ֮ͨʥʥȫڣܷӳʥ˲ͨ壬Ҷ㣬ڷžȻʥ֮Ϊһ壬Ϊʵѵá
һ˵ţһ߻·ȥ΢΢ҡͷţɱʵڿϧ׷ǸߵĵѰǷ·ҪǰԾµȴ㲻á
˵ţ̧㾧ӨĹâĻΪѪɫĳˮݡ
Ҫ֮ʣǵϵĴ֮УȴͻȻħҶ˲ۻһħľȻ
ŶĿһȻܷŹͨӰ죬ڼս֮ͻƼޣҪŽף
˵֮䣬ȴüͷ΢壬ǰһ֮ʣеһѪʱһѪǹֱħ·ȥ
Ҷ֮ʣֱӽ֮ɱ
ѪǹһײǾ֮Уһٶȱʱûһ㾧ӨĹâȴһССȭͷϹǹҵزһǾ֮ڶһ²Ѫǹ֮ϣֻһ㽫Ѫǹ顣
Ƿ󻯳ɵѪɫ㣬ɢǱţħ֮С
Ȼ˹ΪԼⲻɴһȴʲôַ
漴ҡͷߣҲգұϣٽɱķڷ
ֶڿ·ǰһɽһ㣬۲죬Ҷ
֮һħŻɢǴ֮Уħ֮֮Уңңš
лۡҶĿӶԷ̧һ񡣡ǴԾѹȣʹҶĳΣգҶĳֻ»޷˿ٵͻƼޣﵽŽס
ֹǾŽסҶ㣬Ŀо֮ɫŨѾԵ֮һǾŽ۷壬ƽδ
ղͼˣҶһЦʵڰ˽֮УѾԼŽ֮һ¡߸ֻ浽˾Žײ֪ԭҵèͽζѡ
ǹ۲ڤ֮ǡ߸ɣ΢΢ͷľ֮ŰҲ֪һսӳ죬ֻʲôܡ
һһľӨʱϣ·һ㣬ɢʥĹâݻѸٻѪ۳һֻƣһ·Ҷץ
Ҷɫˮ̧֮䣬ħħۣУľӨħںһ壬˲ħ֮⣬ȴǻһߴʮɵıħħ
ʱĺħȫħ֮֮ɣɢԼңԶĳ֮γɹɢһħֻ֮ƣȫη֮ɫһ˫ȭʣۼϮ͵شһһǰ˫ȭͬʱ
ʱһħΪȻֱײǾ֮ϡִ·ܻһʹǾ˲ҡڲݣħ֮бֻ߽
Ѫޱߣѹ򷽣Ŀأ֮䣬Ѫɫһٶ۳ѪһΣѪֱݻߴѪɫ񽫣һòϣŲͬԲ˫۶סħ
кһһĨѪɫʱλһ½һĨѪɫΧ룬γһѪɫݻһԲ̣תԼӳ־ŴҶȻѹ
Ǵת֮䣬Ϊ֮ɫһɹɻ֮۳Ρ
ħǰһʥĹâҶʥͷ­Ϸ˲ӳϡħȭͷ͵ػٴηųһϡ
һָʥʥ֮Ѫɫ֮СϣʱһĲһŭĿͬʱ֣Ȼһ½ϻɢѪɫԲ̣ʱһѪ⣬ںħϣȻħֱӴɢ뾧Ө㡣
ãҶĿһ
ʵ벻λʮǿ߾Ȼǿ˵زԼѾŽף۷壬Ĺȴ޵ֿ֮
֮ǰⲻ֣ԼѣèǰˣϷλۼǵһǿߣȴڶɱģʱ䣬ҪԼĨɱˡ
Žʮ׵Ĳ࣬Ǿ޴󰡡Ҷ̲סͷ̾
Ž۷壬ܹͨһʹɵӵһ˿
ʮǿߣȴֱٻʹ֮
ǲ𣬼ֱصĲ࣡
ԽΣյսԽ壡
ҶĿȴҲһ˿ս⡣˲䣬ӨĹںħڸ͵һħ֮⣬ȴݻʮɸߵһħħŴףӭ裬ȴ䣬Գޱ߿Ұս⡣
ħ
죬أķħһʱ۷Ȼ˵ȴʾҶ۳ɵħ۳вͬ
ţҲΪ֮ݡ
鷢ħչҶħдһ
ǣͬʱͷޱؽԼ׳ħ֮У˲ħеľ޴ħݻͶħ֮С
ƣħڶ𣬷·𻯳һһϯķؾı仯һǰŷޱߵս⣬һȭͻ
˲ʱһķҪһȭ˶ȭƣճֱ֣ǰȥһײѪɫ֮ϡ
ѪɫҵһΣһǰʱ赲üͷ壬ȴٲ֮ǰ򶨣Ǵһ͵ش߶ȫһʱ䣬ӨĹ㻯ΪѪɫΧҷ裬һѪɫĴ󳱡
ѪҾ͵طһ𣬻֮䣬Ѫһ·ڶڿԻһ׵ȴѪ
Ѫһ֣ɢޱߵĿʵһ㣬ͶҶħ֮ϣȻҶ𵴣Լеĸо
ѹأٴδһУѪʱſƣһһ´Ѫɫ֮СʱɰתϾͬʱ𣬻ֽѪУһ³
ʱ֮Լųʥâһ·ֱײħ֮ϡ˲䣬ħһʵĿҡ߽֮⣬ɢΡ
ôôǿ󣿡ħ֮У鲻ͬʱһĿɿڴ
ʮǿߣ𣿡ޱ磬ȴסˡ
ȻҶȴĿ˸΢΢ͷһ֮Ҵ߶ħеϢ
ǣȻ𾪣Ҷһȴʱжʱӿһ֮ϢϢħںһ壬Ҷ͵һƻ㵱շ裬˲仯һħأǰ
ǣ
һУħſڣһ³ö飬һſŷǰѪɫ֮ϡ
⻹Ҷһٶȳ֣УӨʥ֮϶Ϊһʱݻħ񡪡սħʥħħ
ħһʱ֮ˣħ޷죬ܺ£
ʱħԻ֣һ˵취
ɳʥħء
һѪɫ֮ϣʱöȻըһѪɫ


419 ħ
ħͷŵǿټһħɱУ춯أκΪ֮ɫʹԷǳʮףǿֻҲҪ˱ᣬ档
ȻⲢˡ
λۼǵһ֣ʥɵʮǿߣȻΪݣɫأȴûһ˿η֮ġǺȻޱ߾ȴɢһʥ֮⣬ʥɵһ̧һָ
УѪɵѪʱȫһٶȷޱߵ͵һ¸£ԼһѪͶѪɫ֮С
ʱػȫ𣬱Ѿں֮ѵһһͬѪɫͼһʱ䣬ѪգȾؼһУ·𶼱һƬѪ
־֮Уػ񽫵ȫ飬ȴҲ˾޴ҶųȫһѪȴתֱҶȥ
һʱ䣬ޱȡ
ʮ׸ټʥźȻҶйâ಻η壬ȫӿһһħ͵طһ˲ȼĹâһħ֮ϣħʢħ֮иֳһλλħӰ
һʱ䣬ħħ
еħ񣬶Ҷһ𷢳𣬺һγһɿµħħУһںϣʱɢħ
Ҷһħ֮һ㼲ɳȥֱӭһѪɫ
ҲʱһħĻӰħΧ۳һһɢ˲ʥɶΧС
ãʲôֻоһԼֺʱݻһСС棬ȴʥȫͬɢµħħԼܵħʴȻ
µģȴʥɡܵħʴٱħӿУʥȴ֪Ϊξҵ
𵴣˵İʮ֮ǿʥ֮ʱʥķʱʥɱ𵴷
ڽҪ£û˱Ϊ¶һ˿֣漴һü̾һҶ㣬û뵽þҾȻҲɱ㣡ˣ·𣬾ӵд߽ƽøҰɣʱδ
һ֮䣬һʥͬʱʥҲɢһʥƿħħɵħ硣Ҷ㣬ҡͷһ̾˲˺һռ䣬ʧ
뿪֮ʣȴһ֣ѪɫӨʱһ޴ѪһҶϮȥ
ʱҶ㣬ѾһѪɫײһȭͷչֳһķȭƾһ´Ѫɫ֮ϡʱѪɫѪ췭һ鿪
ȴҲԾһλѪǿһײħ֮ϡ
һλѪһҲײħ֮ϡ
ʱ޴֮ȫ϶Ϊһһ±ƿħػ֮Ǿ޴ħڲһħǰѣһħɢҷڡ
ޱۣͬʱ֣һʱֽף𵴣ˡ
ػסҶһִħеȫס룬סԼһͬ顣Ǿȴÿɲ֮䣬ſһѪ
ħ磬ػҶٴδһ֮ӿһʥͷ­ʥ˵ɢ
ħӿʥ֮ϣȫǹľ޴ǿޱȣʥ֮ػħҲ޷ܣʱһµѺۡƿڣħҲ֮
֪˶ãһȫȫħסħҲľ޴ˣöɢһħͬһѺۣħ۸ǿ£·һشٸһ㣬Ѻƺһͻ顣
̫ˣޱµܣȻæܹȥסҶ㣬еʣ磬ô
û¡Ҷ˰֣ħת֮䣬˵ƿٵظԭܣȴɳ̾һû뵽⾹Ȼǿ˵زʥͷ­ʥڴ˰ħԿֻ˫һܽħȫ顣һѪȴ
£̫ˣۣ¡Ƕ֪ħ赲Ƕι֮¡
ħӣô죿ޱǧٿ׵ħ磬һĵǡ
ֻҪû¾ͺáҶȴÿ΢΢һЦħأȴѾٲ뵽ǿ֮СһǵʵҲۿۣǿ߳ͻʤ㡣Ҫһʥź֮޸ħ磬һ߰£Ѱʥź䡣
áޱһͷħһ
һĵɢһ֮֮ǽȴǶ۵֮Ϊδħںϣڴ˴κƽ֮УȴȻûܵ˺Ա
磬Ƿ޲ħ磿ޱʡ
ҲֻˡҶһͷ
̤ѥҲ׳ɡޱ˵һһ̤ѥ壬䵽ҶǰȻֻǳ߽׵ķٿһáС
˵ţһָʱԼԭҰз˳Ҷǰ
Ҳ߽׷Ҳ
ɡҶȴȻ֡Ķ켫ΪסҪ֪׳ɣηȴܶɹҲ֮ǰټطܽӡңӵһǣܿɹδ޷չĿܣȴΪǰ潫
˵һ֣֮䣬ȴϻޱԭҰ֮С
̤ѥұˡҶһ˵һ߻ֱӽ̤ѥƬ̼ħħ֮΢ħ֮С
ʱħ磬һʵ˼޵ˣۼСˮǰֱӽУʱںһ塣
һ΢Ȼħľ޴˲𵽶ãȴǿάħǣٸΪЩ
罣ٴʮöӢ鵤ʮǿߣȴֻ޲֮ˡҶ̾һּ䣬罣֮֮󣬽ػ˾޴ɢħ֮С
һ罣Ҷȴ丽һԼѾķȴһžӨɵġ
ȴǵɱڵõʱоŽǿ֮ڣҶ޷ֽ֮ʹãһԡ֣ȴʱʩչŽǿ֮ȴ׽ηΪħ֮С
Ҷһ޲һ߾ع۲ܣħ΢΢֮ʱСٵڵϣľڻٶУתۼԶ˵أڴ޸
ʱھ˵ǧĳһȴһƬ޿ռ֮С˲ǱˣȴҶʶ֮һҲϵԭס񡪡ͭٹС
ǰڷһǷȴ֣Ȼһ̣װ˾Өİףһ֧ϣϵƶϻƳһͼⷨɢȴһ˿֮Ǳʡ
Ƭ֮͵۾̿˰κ󣬲ɴЦ
Ȥ̫ȤˣҶһﾹȻϣһǴõĻᣬǳȥ˵Ĵûᰡô죿
üţͻȻһЦǱʹ𳽴۲ڴ˵ûʵɱҶ㣬ȴý֮ɴ£ǿһˣԸмĺôΣȴҪ´һˣ
ЦУٴαĿʹǷ㣬ۿһ˲ɶݶȥ


420 𳽴
Ρ빬߸ǹ̨֮ϣһλ߸ֶһ࣬͸ҰްĹâһףһصѪɫ磬ڸ߿ǿ紵֮£ȴһһͬɢһֲֿϢ
𳽴ۣڴסûϰ𣿡
һռ䲨֮УеӰǸ̨󷽣΢Цǰһ
ӵ¡߻תɢſֲϢ˫еһɨоȻԾһ˿⣬ȴ¶ǿװЦݡ
ͭٹΪǿ۹𳽴˵֮Ρ룬֮ǿֱ׷Һǵһ۹𳽹ǿ̫ࡣڴΪͣȴˡֻͭٴۻҪòܻع飬һ̸
ʴ˼ȷҪ²һЦ¹ʥź֮£ȴҲ
ʲô𳽴˵Ǳͭٴ۽ˣͭٴ۱ɷһģκҲûʸʥźˣ
ȻмæͷȴǱƾʮ֮ѹˣȴ̣ǵɵ𣿲֪Ǳ֮ԲʥźǱǿ߾סҸһ뱾ǵʥźսаˡʹ֮ƣǺγˣٹãҸʱܵõʥұۣʱ׸ǺǣǱۣȴὫʥҲ
Ƕ;֮£ȴ˵ǰεһЦɱҹϽаһۣҲǱ
;ʲô𳽴һʥź֮վԶԿ۵ĲСѡֻһͬȥᵱɱĻùϽ磿ģףҶҪ޻أ
˵ţһףѪ磬¶һ˿µЦݣйȴб״͸ҵĿݹ׺硣ɶǳʮ׵ķһɱ
ǡмæͷ漴һת;֮µС£ȴһ޷ص𳽴ȴ֪ǷԸæ
£𳽴üͷһ壬һĲͷ
Ȼ˵һףһף˵Ư֮ʱȴʱɫһٸԸļơ
ʮСﰵȴ˴θϽаһȥʥͷ­ʧǿƾ֮ȥҲˣδϵȴһ½˽׵ССɫǿ֮ʣرȥСϣʥźҪᣬƻҸʴˡ
Ŷ𳽴ĿһҵҲ˵һЩϢֻǲȷСѾǣ
ǡеͷȡʵķһΪǣǱشķרռ׻֮áռ֮ʣȴ㵽ǣѣΣ֮УȴǻɱӶ䷨ʥźĴʱֻϧ΢Ķ֣Ϣ֮ǿߣֿǳûʥźΣҸʣԡ
ӵҳ֣𳽴Ȳʵȫû⣡ǺѾͭٹΪѣȻһˣʥźȻҲǹͬΣͭٴ۵ĵλ
Ǵ⡣мæͷѾصλã𳽴ٸȥԷб䣡һϺõķ⣬Ǳһȥ
ںεأ𳽴ȴҪż
ĪҶ㣬ǵۼǷڤˣһΪħ磬ȴ֮Ϊˣ編ᣬǿҪСĲǡǾλá˵ţһϢֱӴ˹ȥ𳽴Ȳֱڣʱ۾һҲкһ±ƿռʹݷԶɶȥ
ߣҶôöԸˣһЦʱվù˵ͷ֮աԸ𳽴ܽɱҲΪǱ˳֪ͨʣ𳽴ʧܣʱ֣Ҷһ𳽴۵ʤýʥͷ­Խɱ𳽴۵ƵҶϡ
ɵЦתʹݷԶȥ
Զǧ֮žɽУҶħ绯ɶСһô֮Уת
ʱ罣ѾȫħɣǾ޴֮޲ħϵһѺۣȻδ֮ܽĨƽСԭһС֮ǰǰ㣬һ֮С
ǾȻħΧɳһ
ħ˸ԭǵ˺ȻͨħԼ֮ԭҶ˵ȴҪʱ䣬ʱ䰡ڵۼǱˣҿԻصɶдʯ޲ħ硣
ֻ²ɰɡҡͷ̾Ƕȥ˵ȷʵһ󣬵أѾŽףɾ˾֮˵㣬ħκһλֻҲһԳ˵Ǳ˵ȴǲݡ޲ħ磿ֻҲֻСѡ
ͷ۰ǶҶ㣬ʱҲɿЦ
ɽǰ·ޱǴۡ磬Ѿȡʥͷ­֪źλ붯ⲻѾǴӮˣڴ˵صʥźԵǱ֮ԵǱʧ̫֮һɡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһԵɡ
˵ţȴͻȻӿһһĿ磬ɽľħŵһҲ纳ҵҡ
ôˣȻ
ǿ߷ӾǡҶ΢΢ü
ǣһѵȥ
Ҷҡͷ˵ͿԸʥɢֱ֮ҵǣȴ˷༫ǿȻ仯
ǶŲޱһصıħµڶûµһˣ
ֻ²ɡҶ΢΢ҡͷ
ʱһ޴Ĺ֮ȭȴͻȻֱӺڲԶһɽ֮ϡʱǸʵɽ±㻯飬÷ɢķȻ
޵СҶ㣬㻹Ҫ𣿡УһױķѾͲڴˣأұ㽫һƬɽܲصʱ
˵֮䣬޴ĹȭȥһƬľٻ
˾ȻȷʵǳģޱȻʶ˰ô֪ڴˣ
ؼ䣬ǲ²͸Ҷ΢΢һЦ⣬֮У˳ֶ˵ȴδؾǳ׵Ļ¡Ҹоȭ֮۶ɣȴһ˲õķӳ
Ҷ㣬Ҫȡ˵ķ۾ʱһ
Ҷ˵ȴħɿٸԭʱݺ£ļһʲôˣ
ħưܳӣǵܵӰ죬̫˲泩ˡСҳɷֻħȫʢʱ򰡣ʱʱоǼֱʥһ㣬ħɣ
Ҷ㵭һЦǣɲ֮ǰˡ˸ѰǻоҪͬЭһȹѹأˣղŻתɾĸˣɻ
ǣһڻһͷһޱɢ޴ħ֮С


421 ʮ׷֮
һλҪҶĳҶĳôʶ£
֮ħ֮ɳ죬С
ڶ棬һףѪʹ𳽴´ŷɵԼǰħ֮
ܸӦ⸱֮ɢľ޴Ϊ֮𾪣ͬʱҲһ۾Ϳ˴ʱħѾǿ֮ĩ
ǱϾϣʱ˺ۣЩѺѾй¶ڲϢͷ·һ˿ɼǵǿԼǰһ㡣
ܷǿߵǿ󣬵ʱǿȴëķ˲缦
𳽴ЦˣҶ㣿
ǡҶһͷʲôˣ
𳽹𳽴ɳ𳽴ۻдһ˿˷ܡ
Ҷĳȴϵø¡Ҷ㻺ҡͷ
кιϵɳЦţʥźսչ֮ǰǿ˭ϵ˭Ҷ㣬㲢ûгԹҲɱ֮ġֻҪ編ٽʥͷ­ؽңұ㱣֤ܱ㰲Ȼ뿪ǣعۼʵȥԸҺǣҲԱɻڴΪһۣΣ
˲ȴ˵÷·Ҫ˸һ㣬ɳ˻޳ܡҶ㲻ҡͷһЦ
Ҷ㣬ǿ֮ĩܴءɳɫתΪ䣬οΪŽ۷ǿߣʮ׷ȫҵĶ֡
ʮ׷Ҷ۾һ
һݹף磬Ϸɳ˵Һǵһǿߣ۴͸ҵıƾұɱʮǿߣҶ㣬ҸӦ߾Ž֮˵ҲǸոսˣҪϧԼǰ̰ǰѶҰɣö
Ըʮ׷ңҵԿһ¡Ҷ㶢һ׺磬ͷ
ɳףƾ˵ͨҶȻûпܣУһ³֡
ʮֻСǣǿݹһ˳ʱ˾޴ޱȵĹȭʮȭ֯һγһŹȭĴһҶ˹
ħ磬һֱ㷢ӾҡңҲ˷ػʱˣ
Ҷħһ·ȴԼ¶⣬ħֱڣɢӦԼжС
㾹ȻԳɳɴЦˣǷĲ֮㻹лһֳȴ
ЦУȭ֮걼ڶ
ȭħӭУҶ㵱շ裬һּ䣬ӨĹϷ˲ڿ۳˱ȭħǱȭħߴɣͬһ㣬һֱ㷢֮󵨷ˣðħ֮ȥ
֮Уȭӭһȭ֮ȥ
ƴҲﶤɳ΢΢ͷĿ䣬š
˲䣬ȭײһ𣬵ȴû֮ǾұըĳҲûĺȭħǿȭȭһײһ𣬾ʱ飬ɢȭȴͬδκ谭һǰƿ˱ȭֱ֮꣬Ӵڱȭħϡ
ʱǸߴıȭħһҽУ屻֧顣
ͬǾŽǿߣҵʵǿзأɳЦٽ𲻿ķóѽҰɣ
α÷֮ҶһЦ֮䣬ʥͷ­ԼߣɢһʥԣȫһҶĿһһƻʱһʥֱŹȭӭȥ
ЩȭȻʮ־ˣһʥ磬ʱУѡɳ΢΢üǿݹɢһǻΣЩȭøΪ񱩣ҵس֮£ȻʥҲһѺۡ
𣡡ҶһʥʱЩȭҲ֮һͬɢ
ߣʥź𣿡ɳмҡͷһֻһʮ׷Ҳӵʥź߽֡ˣﻹһ磡
Ц֮УͻȻһֱۣǾ㱻񱩵紵Ҳ˿ֻµѪɫ磬ȴͻȻ趯һ³ñֱ·һӭĴ졣
һ𣬱ʱһް̶ö䴫ȴֱ˵飬Ĳһʱ䣬־塢šηֱָҶϮ
ˣѪɫ֮ϣʱӿһ֮ЩǾӨ㣬һ㷢̵ɫڹ۳һ޴֮ȫŲȱȫףһľĺУһҶ
֮ݹ֮ҽСɱɳһϵĿݹɢһҰ׵ĹΣǹ֮УеС˳϶Ϊһһһߴġɿݹɵ飬Ϯ
ܺãķֵðճ֣Ҷ΢΢ͷһ»֣ʱӨ֣ʥͷ­ɢ֮϶Ϊһ˲仯γһɵߣ˻һһЩݹǴ󽫳ȥ
־Ž׳֮۵ĶҲԿҵʮ׷ɳɴЦҶ㣬
ƺΪʾԼɳһ֣Щ޴ݹǴ󽫣ȴһͬӭ߶ȥһߡǿޱȵǰ˿ûеֵ֮һ¾ͱ˸顣
޴Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
ɲ֮䣬һһħƾճ֣һ·ɱǰ˲ɳǰ
Ҷɳм䣬ЩµݹǴ赲ʱȫȴóһƽ̹
⣬ҶߵĿģ
˲䣬һһħѾͨǳͨͨ·ֱɱɳǰǵϣʥʥ˵ǵ壬ϴһʥ
ХͬʱצӰһ𱬷˲佫ɳΧס
ãɳɷһֵĴУһ½һǿݹʱһĲƣ˲Сǳ֣˲仯һƵСͱݣɳУһѪɫ磬һ裬ǹǱΧ
צӰ֮һϣǱ𵴣ȴδκˣһһħľٲγвʱЩݹǴתɱ˻һһǲһƬ֮䣬ȻҲʧˣһһħҲ
ʲôҶ㳤Хһ͵طǰһʥͷ­֮ϣʥͷ­ΪһɱݹǴСʥͷ­ɢʥ֮ʥҶ֮ϣһ籩Ҷϡ
ֻɱȴ绢Ⱥһ㣬ӳĪת֮㽫ݹǴһ÷ǣ
ǿ֮ĩôܻ⿪ǱɢȥɳУȵؿҶ㣬漴һ󷢺ݣҶˣǽʥͷ­֮ߣҲڵĳ̶ȣȫǵ
漴Цȷʵ£ȫ֣ȴһǶ֣ɣݹף磬һԽʮף
У˫͵һݹ֮ʱӿȫ£򻯳һѪֱǿݹ֮У֮ϣݻһѪס
У͸һɭĹݾȻҲ仯·Ǳ˵ظƹһе֮
ݹף磬϶Ϊһһʱɢޱɭĵ֮
УһȭӳҶƶʥͷ­
˲޴ȻֱӽҶúɳȥ


422 Ԥ
ʥͷ­֣Ѿľҳ˴֮ƶʮ׷ɱˣɳУ͵һ·Ҷ㼲׷ȥ
֮ǰսҶѾĲС֮ȫ޲ħ磬ڵȷʵءȻʥͷ­֮ȴֲ֮ɳĸ֣ȷʵС
Ҷϣȴûа㾪ηɫ෴͸Ĺâȴʾĵ˷ܡ
ãҪľһ߼ĸоҲΩˣҼӿʥźĸ򣡡
ĬţȴֳһƬЦݡ
ɳΪѹסң
ˣͬΪŽǿߣʮ׷ʥͷ­ҲҪ֮ʹ鵽ӭսʱĸоҵһ˿ٻħΪħĸӦˣ
һе֣ɳѾԣֻΪƾԼ׻ɱҶ㣬ʥźر޹˼ɵصշſƱҶץȥУԶɢһѪɫһž޴ƣĶҶץ˹ȥһ½ҶС
ɣһУҵģɳС
ʱһħħȴͻȻݺͬ׶һ㣬һ´ѪɫľƣϲɴһѲ֮ȴɳŵòᡣ
ô£
ɷһֵĴ
ɳҪ̫ߣҶޱȴݡ򶨣ȫΪߡ
һħһ¸ֶʱ㽫ɳСħϢħͷ˲ɳԭҰ֮Уֻħޱߵħһ½Լѹƣȴɪɪһʱж
Ҳʱħ⣬һҶзݺݳɳ
֮Σͷɳȴڻعһݹʱɢ˹֮绤֣˾ħһ
һȴںʥһϴɵУֱиĻ֮ϣʱĦ㡣һѪ˿ֱϳ÷ɽת֮ʮȥѪ⻤֣ʱڵƿڡ
ħٶ˲ǼʮȥǻĹǱҲùм׷ɣһƿħ飬˳ƿһ´Уֱӹᴩɳĸ
ҽУɳȥŸɫҰס
ϧҶ΢΢ҡͷɳʮ׷ϣȷʵʮԼȻʥӳħȴδһɱ
ƣȴҲսˡ
Ҷ㣬СȻ˵ңɳ͸һ׺ĹâϾӨĹ㲻סһӿڿлһɸߵһֳֻһֻйٱʣȫɢɭɭȴǵ
ɱɱɱɳһɱ֡
ɱҿ˭ɱ˭ɡҶ㵭һЦӿľӨ㣬ʥͷ­ɢĪʥ֮ΪһЩӨһ壬ںһһµշ裬սħħħħħħħһͬ
ôԻôħ񣡣ɳһѾòɲǼ䣬ɭɭĹһ·ԾҶֱɶȥ
ħʱһӭȥ˲ͽΧɳ͸һ׺֮ɫϿݹϹӰϹȼͬʱڡ
һʱ䣬۷ŹâйٱϣһµĹ档Х֮йٱתϼдʱӰʷֱħ
ӰȴԼӵħ֮Σ·ϻħӰһ㡣
ӰңһëȻļХһ˻ħħһ
һǿɼΡҶ㻺ͷֻʵֻδ㹻ɣ
̧֮䣬ʥͷ­ɢ֮ͬһ㻯ɾӨ㣬ӿǰħڡħһ㣬ʱŹâ֮һȭƣӸħֻӰ÷飬ձѡ
ħ֮צ
Σ
ϣ
ǣ
ƣ
׹ֶϣ
ɲ֮䣬ħһͬȣȴЭһͬӳǿ似ɱУͬһ㵱նΪһɳɱȥ
ããɳݺҧϿݹϵĹӰ͵һ𣬾ȻݻһȫɿݹɵѪ˸ҲݻһѪ۳ɵһͬһסһͬײɱС
һʱ䣬ӰӰ죬ֱӽ˳ȥһɭ֮⡣
ӰӰںǵ֮УʱǵһݻһľޱߵĵԨ֮УһĪʹ࣬ŵ̵ĥϷҵĺС
ޱߵʹ࣬ɾ޴ֱײɱС
һʱ䣬˾޴ޱȵ𵴣ռ飬֮ͬһɢ·𻯳˱꣬Զ䡢й
ؽţһʱȴ˭Ҳѹס˭ȻǷֲߵ
ķҶ΢΢ͷû뵽ΪŽ۷壬ͬս֮ʱȻ˷
ҲΪ֮ǰķѵ̫ԵʡЩм˵ͨħ磬ֱӴҶУȴҶ㴦ȫʢ֮ڣûħ磬ֻƾʥͷ­֮ҲԿ׽ɱ
ˣҪȥˣ۲ɽħзǿɱɣ˵ĵ֮Ӱ죬ԼӦһֲԤУʲôҪҪ֮ǰǣ
㾹ȻвԤУҶһаʡҷҲֻרսȴδϸ
ӽΪơ˵ˣȴӰ쵽ҵ仯Ҳ˵ԭ֮ĻңܾʲôҪ
սپҶһͷйâ󶯣һ̧֣ħħеħ⣬һ·ջһһ㣬˲ϢɳǰһҪס
Ըɳ˫ͨ죬Σ֮зһϹӰһȼգʱ仯ǱѪɫ֣һ½Լ
ˣǿݹ֮У˲΢СĹǱһצһ֧ͬȺһ˲佫ħΧǣϱ趯ʹħ
ֹ֮£ħȻҵۿҪסɳ
ʥ֮ܵУҶһȫ߶ʥͷ­еʥ˲䣬ڵʥ϶ΪһֱӰ쵽ųһʥ˰⣬ȫʱӿ˵
Щٵشݳȥһ²˾ħ֮ϡħʱҲʥĹâ޴һչǱٵرɵֱ֮ȡ
ãȻɳһСô˴ڣҶ㣬㵽ʲô
ҪɱҶ䣬֮䣬ħһǱ˲ﱻħȫա
Ī󣬾ħʱһħ⣬ȴħֱӺ䣡
ڴʱħҲѾȫɳɢȴҲսħħħħĴħһ𣬹ͬɢ


423 ޸ħ
ɢħħͬǰɳħɢޱħиԴһɱУһɳϡ
ɳһУƴ뽫ħѣʱħѾľһʱǿޱȣƴ˿
˲䣬ɱֱӺϣںϾħ֮һ½ȫĻƿ
ҽУɳſһѪϵĿݹͬ磬ħһקʧȥػֱӱڿУħħһͬȥȭͷݺݴϡ
һҽУһѪɳֱӱûȥ·ص䡣
ʱҶѾħ绽˳ħһ½ħУ漴趯һ㵱һתֱ¶ȥɳϣһ޴ֱӽյ÷ǡ
ǾŽǿߵ֮ȴȫħɹ˲ջصħ֮С
ãҶһҲħ֮Уָּžħݹƹסħħ֮˲ɢҶȫ߶ʥڡ
Ƭ̹ǿޱȵʮ׷ͱ΢ֱӴħĻϵ֮С
һõ˲õķħĻʱ·ǳ˴󲹵һѸٵطһħǾ޴һɢޱħ⣬ЩĵطҲٵػ̶ָ̳ȴʤڴǰ
ܵħõӰ죬ħҲ仯øΪǿҲΪ̡һѺȫʧ˵ǸɢǿΪһ
޸ˣޱϲ֡
ħָֻˣҲ˷ܵش
̫ˣ̫ˣǻС
ħָʱޱħҶ㣬ʧľ޴Ҳõ˻ָҶ㲻ɳһͷû뵽ôָܻɳ֪ҵĴڣΪô׼ȷҹҪú
ּ䣬ħ֮Ƭ̼ݻһӢ飬ȴɳ
ڴʱһ֮ȴͻȻɳӢ֮зһ֮䣬ûһģΡһ֣ʱɳӢʱԲ˫ۣһ𣺡Ҳģ
˲䣬Ѿħ֮еĿݹ׺磬ͻȻΪ
ô£ȴС
ãȴʱӦ΢仯æУԭһǿ֮֮Уδȫںħ硣һٻɳӢ飬ȴʹѹҪˣ
ɳӢڴʱһ´Ӣ֮УӢ鼫׳һ»ɸߵӢˣ۶סҶ㣬зɱɱ㣡
ʲô˵ǿֻⲻµʮǿ߰ɡҶ΢΢ҡͷȷʵѵܱʥҪǿ󣿡
˵֮䣬һ֣ħеʥͷ­ʱ˹ɢһľ޴֮һ½һģΰסλҶ֮ҲɢԾħһ·ȥ֮ƣȴڲ
Ҳû־ܵ˼͵һ֮䣬Ȼ˼Ϊһ˿ǻ۵֮ɢķ
ħʱ֮ɡ֮вһ˿ǣȻħ֮ɣȴҲ޷ٻԻӦҶӢ
ʱҶһ֣ħʱɳӢҲ˲佫Ǳȫ飬˲κӰħ֮һΣȴħ֮С
ɳӢСʵڿУٲܶ
ɳΪ֪ңʲôָ֮أҶʡ
ҷ֮Ǽͭٴ۽ˣΪȴǿУʱ䡣ͬʱҲǰһӣǿʥźʼ֮󣬿Էӹãڱ۹֮ΪӦȡʥźɳӢʵޱȵػ˵֮һֱδܼͭٴۣȴлнϢ֮ҡһشռ㣬ǣѣǻɱĺʱǰұûȡһʥźΪ´󹦡
ԣҶ㲻ɵͷ˼
λۿԵһλΪԼЧɼ˫һʮǿߵġ֮δǺʹ˵زᣬǺͭٴһҪȶñϵʥź
˵ʥͷ­ָ֮Ѱκһʥźȴֵر⼸λǿȴδ֮ڼԵؽ磬Լҵʥź
ֻ˵һ⣺Ǿʥź˵ޱҪҪñʥͷ­ݺǡ
ʥźȴȻûãʥĹĻᣬǻûеõ
ߣҪʥĹͱڴˣϷӾſԡ
ӵôһռķȴǴ󻼡
ˡҶĿһۡ˵ĲԤУ»ͭٴۡҲʡ͵ĵƣһѾµɳĿĲǽˣǻϲᱦͬʱﱱʱ䣬ֹǿߵǲᡣԣɳԸңԼͼ֮û´Ļĸͭٴ۲þͻɱ
ܾ˰ɣۻͷȷ
Ҷɳ
ΨݣҺǵһǿߣʮ޵񲻹ʮ꣬Ǿţܼɳ˵
ΪβǰҶʡ
֪ɳҡͷ
ҶһЩ£ȴʲʲôһ֣ħɳӢɣںϵħ֮С
ҪɣħµþĽҶ㵭һЦ
ڴʱһ޴ȴͻȻɣţһƬޱߵͻȻս£ֱݻһµ硣вޱֻһֻֻɽͰǿ׳ޣһħݺײ
أҶ΢΢һ漴˼תȴ뵽µɱ֮
ة벻Ҳ
ʣ˫һţħеĹʱħ֮͵һԾһֻɽ޵ĳ֮䣬ħһ²סһֻСɽޣ͵һ䣬֮΢ֱɽħ֮ڡ
ֶΣةƮµأʱҵرըȴ֮Ϊ֮ΪҪΧеҶ㡣
ʲôֶΡҶֻһЦһ߻ħܵе֮һ͵ش߶ʥͷ­һ´һʥ硣ʥ˼ǿһ·ɳص֮кͣҶʱ䡣
һȭħȭϾ֮ĹֱӻɾУиֻһԾħ֮ɵأ硣
һʥ֮
һУةӰڰ֮УһԺϵţʹڿһ۶סҶ㣬һЦ벻̶ʱ㾹Ȼɳ֮죬ת۾ȻﵽŽףʥź
˴˱˴ˡҶ㿴ةӦϢȻҲǴﵽ˾Ž֮ɻͷ
вͬةҡͷԭֻǱӡǧ꣬ʧһʱ޷޸ܵʥźӰٻָ»õȴԼһﵽ˾вͬ
ˣרΪҵİɣҶһЦ


424 ӥ֮
Ҷ㣬ʽΣةʵ
ʲôףҶ㷴ʡѲҪҵʥͷ­֮
ةͷ˵ҪᣬҲΪرȻǽףȻǻҿΪѣԴһȡʥźøʥź֮㽫ʥͷ­ҡΣ
ĺýףҶ㲻Цˡһʥźҽǻǽסʥͷ­ֻȫңȴδ̫˰ɣ
ʵ˵һֻ֮޷κһʥźةϿңһ֮Ҳ޷ٶκʥź֪ʥźֻһϣʥұۣںϣʥȡʥźȫ֫岿֣ǿ߶ǡʮ׸ֻ֣Ҳδа֮ܽõҽδܴﵽʮֲֻ֮ʤ㡣
ΪηҪʥͷ­Ҷʡ
㲻ˡةɫһѾʾ㹻ĳ⣬Ҷ㣬㵽Σ
ǸȻϲ˽ˣȴҪ˭ҶҡͷȴǾлҶĳϲ뻢ıƤˡ
ô˵ǷǱҳˣةɫøҶ㣬ȻδָܻȫԶʤ㡣ҾҶԸ㣬˽Ը㣡
ҶĳвҶӦ
ұһ£ղҶүǿ󵽺ֵز˰ɡةɭȻŭ
̧֮䣬һת𣬷·һֱϵ籩ֱƶ籩֮ΧеĿռһһ㾧ӨĹ㣬γһĳ
ǳ֮£ٵػ޴УŲͬķתة˫ȭ͵һ·ڿлײĦʱޱ߻֮
Ҷ㣬ҵȴһУһȭȥ㣬ֻʹ޽ָȴʹǿȽһаɡ˫𣡡
ةһ˫ȭͬʱʱҶֱ˹ȥ
е趯еĦޱ߾˺Χռ䣬ͬСɡ
һʡҶ㻺ͷħħ͵һʱħ֮ħ⣬һ¾򣬿ٵȻ
ħڣ
ħں֮УϢɢһһ֮Уʹħڵħ֮޴һں˴ִޱȷ·һĹֱе봦
ȴһ˫ǿ֮Ҷħǹâȴѿһǿ֮ȴҲֻ֮Ҫȫеӣһ䲻ɢȫ
Ȼһ¾ħҺһײ֮ӣʧȥӴ֮ʱԵķٵתȻǴҶ㣬Ѿٵ֮ǰһ벻ħڵ׵ط顣
һССУ䵽ҶǰѾȫҶȭħֱӻȭȥ׽ЩСдɢ
͵һҶȴǴħһ³ϣϢʥͷ­ɢʥ֮Χϣħ磬ʥ֮ħһ³ةǰ
ãة˫Բһʱȫֵֵ
ϲҶ㾹Ȼӵôǿ׾Լɱв˵ɲ֮ʱִֵ֣֮ȴﵲסһ
ħֱӴıϣħ֮Уֻоһ־֮⣬ľʱңţħľ޴ѹϣ޷ж޴ӷȫ
󣬴ʥľħֱӳϣֻһ飬ƤѪһ·ɽɷһҽУһ±ԶԶط˳ȥֱԶȥ
ȻһУ֮ڣײһ޴ĿӶ
˲±Ǵ󺦣ʱҶ㣬Ӧûֱȡ
д⣡Ҷһͷħ֮˲һǴӴɶȥħջħ֮ڣ͵һתޱħ⣬ֱ̾׼ٷųһħڡ
ҪɱңҲûô򵥣
ةǶдţһ𣬷·ƽһ֧صĺɫһ㡣
һǾ֮͵һ·ڶ𣬰ջһֻӥſڷһХ
Х֮УΧ֮ҵضӨ˲֣ȻǺɫӥɢĺɫһմȾҲ˺ɫľӨ㣬ӥϿٵؾۼתۼͻһӥͷ
ߴʮɣһ㣬һΣʱſӥצƣֱžħڻ˹ȥһƣɢޱߵĺʱħڵĹס
ڿвͣײ뽫Է˻ȥһ𣬵һʱ䶼ħײɢţҲײвϵƮߡ
ӥͷ񷢳һХͻȻӣǰȥ˫һס˾ħڵĹҪȥ
ԸҶһħħʢħڹ͵һȴһһ±㽫ӥ˫ƺ˸顣޴ʧȥ赲ʱǰ˲ͽӥ˫ۻƣӥϡ
һĺ֮УɢɨķƾɢҲʯɣľ
Ҷȴؿһ̳Ʈɢ֮ʣȴһɶ೤ĺ񶯣ҪչԶȥ
ߣҶһ̧һץ䣬ӨĹ˾޴ĺħһǰ׷ǺһѽץС
Ǻҵ𶯣ɢ絶ҪħƸơҶЦһһ֮䣬Ө˹ȥݻħ̧ԺħнǺ˹ɢ޴ֱӽǺѹ
ħѹ֮£Ǻܿ찲ڵһƳٱħ顢աħһΪħ֮УҲһԺУ͵Ҷǰ
ҶַȰһԣȴʱǶжȥʱȴûةӰӣӦܣǸӦةһ˿ϢȴԭһѾûˡ
Ƕ䱣֮ưޱ̲סһԺ˵ԼһȴԼĻᡣ˵ϣرһ˲ۣȻʮĻɡ
ҲǸа̲סü̾ϧûɱܵôһҲҶ㣬ⷨΣ
öҶϸӦ΢΢ͷⶫ죬д巨бжľţҲ޷óҸоⷨǿޱȣʮֻ֮ةһΪӡ̫ã޷ȫӡ
ЦһȤһͷ޲ħ֮һͷǿħġ˵ͻȻһԥ̽ʣҶ㣬ⷨ巨𣿡
ֻ²ɡҶһЦħ֮ȴɿħ֮оͼ֮ںȴٶһһڵķֲħ繥ֶεĲ㡣
Цǻʲô̽˰ɣ


425 
Ҷһ֣תۣʵɻвԤУ
ԼԼҲ˵塣ۼæش
ҲԼЩ̸ǲԤСҶһͷ֮ǻ뿪˵أǻԶһЩ˵ɡ
ʱħָҸʤǰһɶݣѾԶԶ뿪Ҷ㲢Ҵ⣬һ·ɶȥһֱɳԶͣ
뺮ϵʥźƺ׵õһǰͣħС˺еײ㣬ɳ֮£ſڶͬ˵ҪᣬҲһʱĿǰ˵ȴǰȫΪҪ
ϵǿƼ˵ҵǸõĻᣡǾСϷɱǿߣȡ䷨׳ħ磬վòʥźǵʵҲ
ֲǿҶһЦ˲ңҲˡҪҵıôһɱȻҲظӡãλܣҪһӥĺˡ
˵ţһӣħʱһ½Ƿһߵĺס
ħ֮Уħħȫע뵽ħ֮УʹոΪǿ󣬲ϳ
ʵ˵Ҷǳڴġħ֮УһеħȻΪ˾ͼټħ֮ʹħӵһȴǿ𲻵̫á
ֻΪħлǿ֮֮ϣ಻
ǽ巨ȫôħв֮Ҳãͼħ֮ҲãԶһµķ
ħ֮ϣ⻪һħħպϵسǺǺȴɢʼձס
˼Ҷ΢΢ͷּ佫ħϵħһٻħϡ
һҲֻѹסǺȴʹȫʧһħħٶȱʮֻҲô繦
Ҷ㲻΢΢üȥҪⷨǵһأȴôʱ䣡
һ֮䣬ٻһħ⣬ȴעħϣһ¶ӳħħ֮ϡʱħ֮֮£ħٴ򵽾ħ֮ϣǺĺһ±㱻ɢһ顣
ȻҪҪħ֮
ҶһͷУϵħ֮ħעħ֮УһǺһ鱻飬ȫֱܵħ׺ħطɢ
һʱ֮һ巨ȫֽ΢γһƬҶǰݡ
Ҷ㽫ħȥٽۣⷨħںϣһħ֮һźʱԶӿȻҪ壬ָԭӡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷֻýħ֮ټϣͷ˼
֮йâһȴѾ⣬ԥ֮䣬һħбȡһֻֻ޵ľ޴Σȴħ֮Щ壬¶˳
֮ҶֱӽͶһź֮УǺںϳΪһ塣
ٴλ֣һΣȴħгȡ˾ͼһͼշ裬ϵʮλ֮·ʱҪͼʵһ㡣
ͼȥҶ˵һǿķڲǶҶ˵Ƕħ˵ǲСĲѡˣЩ޵ʬҲˣ䲻࣬䲻١
׷ԭȻħѾ̫ǿЩ˵Ƿǳǿķȴֵ̫һˡ
ΪǱϾΪʵһֱҲΪħṩ֧֣Ҷɴཫ֮ȡ˳ںϣܷ˲Ų˷ѡ
֮ħһź֮УҶʱħһźסħħն
֮һźȴ̬ԼһΡ
ޱųңҶʱһ
áޱȻԥʱ˳һ·䵽ҶǰҶһץסһҲͶ뵽Ǻ֮С
ҪΪηһ
ҶȴûʱӦֻȫǺ֮УϽһħڡ
֮ǺԽԽȴǽȫںΪһ壬Ϊݻһεķ̬ԽɢԽǿ󣬵ֱӻһ߳ߣɫ׵սʿ
սʿȫ׺ȴӯּצһԺɫļͷһӥͷεͷϲףֻһף͸ĵĿ͵һ䣬ͬһ㣬
Ŀ֮ʱһȶӿķΧԼһӡһһһƬ
ޱ֮УһӦ۷ŹâɢϢȻԻˮ̬ĵز⡮ˮУܸܵһů͸
ħħ֮Ҷ㻺˵ħѾԶ֮УʱԵħħħںγ⡮ħˮħˮΪȴϴӶ֮ܡ
ϴӶ壿һû
ħħõĶ֮Ҷ͵ڷɣϣȴ̫ǿֻ𵽻ɱáתγħˮֽȴϡˮ֮ȥһв֮ʹΪʵǿ󡣿˵õĶ֮
ˣ˷
ԣҲ̲סķڴ˴ǰӦħˮҶһЦһ֣·йâʱһʢʹħˮһɢȻγһԲɵ
飬ۣͬһ֮ͬУһӦ㶼˷ܵͷ̫ˣ
۸˷ܣ̲סħˮȴʺǵ廹ѪʣҵȴͬУΪȥѪʣ壬ǿϣȴˣ
ħԽԽǿˣ˷ܳⲻѡ
ֹˡ·κ˵·ɢǿںԾ޴ħҸӦǾˣȻһ־
ôһ˵ϸӦͷҲо·ǿֲ
ǲãޱЦˡˣħֶһ˵ǿٲùָžˡ
ʱ⡭ͷ˵һȴͣסҶ㣬ʣҶ㣬·ʲôֺã
С񡯰ɡҶ˵Ҫӥ֮ͺ󱳺һףߣӵм򵥵ǣȴ̳ж䡮롮гҲм֮⡣
˵һ֣ȴޱһ»һɵޱԭҰ֮Уɢħˮγ
һħˮʱ̲ڶ⽫ޱΧȴʹΪߡ
ɢħˮɢ⣬ʹ۶ҪŽΧſԷЩô
磬ǡޱӦǣȫԼһһ


426 ֮
ģҲġҶһЦɡ
ҶֺùٺٶЦޱ˸˰
ɫһ죬ޱͷЦЦ
һȴĸһ׽أҲЦ
⵹ġҲЦҪֺޱΪֻиߣо޴ޱȵĺô
ôһ˵ҲɶЦ
һɣֶһǿޱȵ֮Ӱ죬ħҲٴһءħˮֱޱɢҲħ֮УΪħµ
ãħɣǿȥѰʥźˡҶһͷּ䣬ʥͷ­еʥɢҶΪһ壬ҶʱԼظӦһ֮ϣʥź֮ء
һħʱڶͬһ㻮շɶݶȥֱǾ޴λöȥ
֪䣬ﳤ;ӹħһƬޱߵɳĮ֮Сȷ棬ɳ裬֮ڲκ飬ֻһһɳڷѵ÷ֱٶƶţϱ任ŵεò
ܽ跨֮շеĳǿߣʹʶ;ֻҲκ˿߳һƬϱ仯ɳĮ
ҶӦʥɢ½ɳĮشԶԶȥȴһƬޣ޷ԲٶȫǸߴǧ֮ľҶ㲻𵱳ԹʳʥĹ羰ϸ۲죬ȷʵһ޶
ҶӦʥһ·һֱǰ͵ײȥΧĿռʱҵһħֱӳ뵽һСС֮У֮ҵ֮ݺἤħһУʱС
ħ磬ȫЩȻУЩ񱩵֮޷˵һ˿һĻҲ޷ơ
Ҷ㲻СС磬ֱ˳ʥȴһ֮С֮ڣ֮Ҷħ硣
ҶʱѴŽףħµ˼ֻ֮дݶȴҪʮּѡ
ħȴһֱӴԽ
֪䣬ħ紩Խʮͬ磬һȶմأľ֮С
ˣʥĹڡҶһͷħǰ봦һߴޱȵɽǰһɽ
ɽ֮ϣһţϵתšһʥϢԼ˿ڿƮšҶԸӦάת֮ڡ
ȻоʥĹڣֻҪУԽʥźʥĹ֮ڡ
ô
ҶעУȴ뵽Լ֪һλǿߡͭٻеĸʣͭٴ档
λһǿߣƺδܽʥĹ֮УѵΪûҵڣ϶ˡһʥĹһֹһڶҪУֻҪҵڱɣڴһʲô
Ҷ˼֮ȴԸգתΧ
֮УʲȱͬһһҶһ˼ʱӶ£ɽС
ּ䣬ħɢ֮׽һɽҰ룬½һħ֮С
Ҷ㣬Ҫʲôʡ
ڴҶ˵Լȴǲ֮٣Ҫ켸򵥵ķΪ̽·
ⷨҲֻóɡͷɱˣҲû
ҶһЦÿɷֻЩʯԴԴϵħ֮Уһ֣ħħħֱӷȥЩʯƣƬ֮㽫ʯ˾
Ͻʯ룬ٲԾħռСɽһ龫֡ʱŲʯֻԾħǾ޴ľֲʼ졣
һħ֮£Ǿʱı̬ˮħ׵ĺ֮£Ҷ̡仯
Сʱ֮һСɽľ֣ȴҶεķһڿУ֮о׹¡
ηͷȻûǣǿޱȣǿ߰
ҪΪеĿʯʥеԵʡҶ˵ҶħȫҲ޷ͨǿķżֻǿ󣬵ȴķֶΣɱҲֻǷӾ޴ѣȴʲô˲õķ
ӵǿߵⱾѾǿޱȵķˣ㲻Ҫ̫ǫ顣̲סһ졣ⶫҪκһʿȺ֮УΪ֮ر
ޱͷһѾһɵ֮ˡ磬ﵽŽףȻⷨһ£żڷȴﰡ
ǲҶͷһЦ
֪ǲǾԼ취֮ǿ󣬵ʱȴʱһ֮䣬Өϸ֣żڣż۾ʱһȫƣһħзڶ
żħһ·ɻصɽ嶥֮ǰҶһһżʱǰ޴ֱ֮ųȥɲǼ䣬ż֮Уʧ
ʱһ޴ȴͬһ֣֮Щޱȣ·ֺһḥ̂һżϣżʱ
Ҷһü󶯼䣬żʱӳǿߵľ޴ҪЩԿֻ˼£ȫѹת֮䣬ͱǾ޴Ť飬Ƭ̼仯΢ɢ
ô飬ۣһ̲ס
Ȼһ¾ͽ׷ˡޱַؿڣҲ¡Ҳ̫ˡ磬˵ħֿܲܵס
ϣҲǿҶ˵ֱͭٴۻܽʥĹ˵֮ŵ󲻼򵥡ǵħͬһ㣬ǿһ¡
˵ţСĵطǰ֮ǰּ̧䣬ħ֮һָ֮̽ڡ
ʱӦһɹɾ޴ҵؽʶײָĥһֱָ֮ϣĥָϹ䡣
ãɾһæֳ˳ȴֻħָ֮ϣѾԼĻۡ
Ȼһ¾ܽڵħ绮ۼػҲ̫ǿ˰ɣҶ㣬ǲҴ˵ط
Ҷ㻺ҡͷʥͷ­ָ˴ʥź֮УΩгʥͷ­ȫʥźλϢ·һͨеһڣػﻹǿ
Ϊŵʥұ𣿡ޱ̲ס˵ǿźôȡ𣿡
ӦûбĽˡҶһͷ˼
֮Ŀ̧֮䣬֮ӿʥͷ­ʥϣƶ˲뵽һżڡ漴Ҷʱָż֮ڡ
һΣżӾȴһ¾ͽС
ˣ̲סʡ
Ҷȴ˵ֻǼо񣬵֮ȴǳ̾һʥżȷʵ׽УȴԽԽѣʥ֮ܿһգż˲䱻ˡ
һʲôķޱҲ˼


427 
֮ţҶҲ˼
ǽʣµһżҡͷ̾Ϣпϧ
ܽķҶ롣ⷽӦʥźŻ򣬾ͳֻеõʥźܵõʥұˡ
ʥź֮ҲԿţֻʱһҪļࡣôǵʲôأ
ҶĬĬţͻȻ̧һȼħֱħзȥ֮ڡ
һУʱ⵽ǿػ֮ĹƬ֮ͱɢ
֮أ
Ҷٴλȭֱӷ磬һ磬һʥħ硣Сֱɶ֮ڣһμ˸ʱ䣬ȴҲľ顣
ôʣ֮ˡ
Ҷϸֳ㾧ӨĹ㣬ɳ۳˸ߴĺħһǰֱӳ֮ڡ
һ֮ȴǺħĲҽУ֮ҶӦħҲѾȫ顣
ǣ
Ҷ㲻΢΢üҲʱͻȻӦ֮ŵػڣԼһ֮ħɢ֮΢Ĺ
ѵҶ㲻һʱ֮ſһӨɵĴ󳱣ֱħз֮ڡ
ʱػɱһ½֮Ĵ󳱰Χٵؽɱ
ڽɱ֮УȴҲһЩ͸Ҷһ塣Ҷ㷢֣ЩԼϺػ΢΢ôһǰ㡣
ˣ
΢΢һЦʱϽ֮͹ȥЩ֮Ȼһرػ飬չһСػе֮ϡ
ֻҪһֱϵͷ֮֮ػͻȫʧʱ֮űͨˡ
ֻʱδõ̫˰ɣ
Ҷ㲻ü
ǿֻѾڴַͨˣԼϴʱ䣬Ūͨˣһʥұȴñȡˡ
ɲǰ취
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷת֮䣬Žʥͷ­е֮˳ֱ֮ڡʱػʥǽ֮𣬶ǽ֮ɡһ󲿷ʥȴػеһ壬ػ֮һ±١
ɹˣ
Ҷ㲻һϲæʥͷ­еԴԴϵ˳ȥ
Լһ£ٶֻ²һ£ڴػ֮ħԳܵĵزʱԼֱӽС
񻰡
΢΢һЦжϡ
ڴʱԶȴһĿռ䲨һǿޱȵϢǴ˹ʾоǿߵ˴Ϣһ·ú㵽˽һӰԶմһʲô˴󵨣ȻԴǵĽأ
Ҷ緢ǰȴҷģֻޱԼá
ޱȥȴ¶֮ɫ;
Ҷ㣿˹ȻǶ;ɵħ֮ģҲʱͣ¶ȱ飬漴ȴЦһ˵ʲôȻѰҵµʥĹڣû뵽Ȼ㣡
°ܽϵ𣿡ޱЦһͨħ紫˳ȥ
Ůˣ;һҶأ
ԸСɫҾ͹ˣαͶ磿ޱһӿ֮ʣȻԭҰз˳ԣδֱӳħ硣
δʹùȻӦǿޱȵҲäĿţȴҪõʱֱ֣ӴԷһֲռϷ硣
Ǻˣ;ʡ
Ҷδӣޱޱػش
ޱ˼һ͵͵Ц֣Ҳһ˼Ŀڣ֣һһĸΣ
Ȼ˵һͷĿͶ飬Ƿ׷׵ͷڣǼ߶ħе񣬲ɱһûʥźľŽǿߣ
ǣĿ˸Ħȭơ
Ҷ㣬Լ㵽˺δȴһŮң;΢΢üʡѵΪʥͷ­׽һҸ㣬ѾͶǵһǿͭٴۣ۸¶˹Ѿ˾춯֮СңһĿͷ
Уһ֣ǳʱһ»»֮УľӨ˸ȻݻһССŵ֣ŵʧ
ʲôޱһȻͭٴۣǺǵⲻǱ˺ǣ
ֹǱ˺ǡҶһԻ˵ǱԼĹ񡪡ΪǵĵȴͶǿߣӦǳس˺ǿһǶ⣬ԷͬݣǻŭһǷйϦϡ
Ϊȴֻ˽ģְ֮ҡͷ̾
Ϊ˽׹ңʮСˣҶһޱҼػܷ֮㣬Һúýѵˣ
İɡޱȻһЦħȨҺˡ
Ҷһͷרķų֮ȴħƴȨޱ
ޱһ֮䣬ħ֮ʱ֮У͵ؽȭһӣڿлûһ޴ȭӰһճŶ;ȥ
ʲôȭ;һֻƣȫҶӰڣޱҿ㲻Ǹ߽׵Сɫɣħ罻ϣǱƣ
һ֣ʱնһ⣬ǵ֮УԼӰ֣˲նǾȭ֮ϣֻһնǾȭʱѿ߽ɳ
ޱװһħֱɽ嶥ȥһڵϣڳȫӡ
;üҶ㣬ҳһսҪ֮ǰܵĳϴˢɾᣬұɱδӸ㿴
˵ţ͵һ¸е߸߾ޱ߾㾧Өâ֮Σڵϡ
һննޱ֮ȷʵԵֵ
񣬳ޱʱȴĿһһ֮䣬˫һų̫Ĺâ΢΢һ䣬ʱһħ˳ȥֱӭ˾ٵĶ;
;Ѿ˾룬Ҫʺϵλó֣ʱͻȻɱȴõɱһ˲鼱֮£ȴֻôһδ㵶Ƶһֱն
Ŀ磬͵ػһƻһʱһ˲ӵ֮ϣ˳ƶ֮ʣȴһֻ޴ĺɫӥ͵طһХΧռŤһ⾹ȻҲ΢΢Ťȴʧȥԭ׼ͷ
ɲ֮䣬ɫӥײǵ֮ϣצ趯䣬¾ͽ˺ѡȻҲиʧ˴ӣʣµǰǷǰһºݺײڶ;ϡ
ִ֮䣬;ȴǱ޿ɱܣֻôһһʱɢһ⻪ݻһλֳ־޶ǰһ
ʱħ֮еȴһȫʱħľ𣬻һҲǾ޶֮ϡ
Ȼһ֮УӥײúɢҲըǹ޶ھ̻֮ҷ𣬶;ŽǿߣȻ֮ԶԶ˳ȥòײڿסΡ
ʲôôôǿ
У㵵صһδı顣


428 
ͭٴΪ취ҲΪҴ·ޱ޽ػӦΪ춯أﲻڻ¡
ô;ҧݣʱҪٴγ֣ʱԶȴһռ䲨ҶţһߴӰͻȻͻ޿ռ䣬ߡ
ͦΣԼʮ꣬ȫֻż򵥵ɫһװ֮ţҲԵûһðӢŷ緶Ŀȴ͸һɱϵ֮ɫ
һ֣;һ漴һ֣ôˣСڣ֤һʧ
㲻ǵĶ֡˵һЦҡͷϦۣ°ɡ
ѵǡѵͭٴ棿ޱȵˣԼӦһɾǿϢϴȫ䱸
ҶĿһ֮ʣȴʱֹ֮ڴ֮һ³𣬽ħĿȨ˻һЦλǰͭٴۣ
档΢΢ͷҶعһ
Ŵ֮յüˣʵҡҶħзɳħ֮֮ԣԷһ֡
Ҷ֮յüҡĿҶ㣬ͷȻһ˲ţΪ¼侹ȻҶ֮̾ɡ
ۣ֮ǰ֣ոӦʥĹĲѰȴҪһѩǰܣ۸ᣡ;Ҷ㣬˵
ѵû𣿡΢ЦҡͷҶѾŽ֮Ҿ缫ȹ̣Ѿﵽ۷塣ȻΪܵҶҲʥͷ­ǿޱȵħ㲻Ķ֡
Žס۷壿;ɫ䣬ҶϸӦȴȻҶԼɢϢǿУɺ޺ҧȴǰҶ㽻֮¡
ͭٴۺҶһЦ۲ʥĹڴػ֮ѵ۵˰
֪ҲѾƿڣԿжһЦ
ˣ缱ʥĹ֮УĻ鵽󱲵£Ҷҡͷ
ҲɾǴ̾˿ҴѽɣκһλҪʥĹǿߣС̳طռ֮ȴֻһʥĹɾ޴ָӦµʥĹڳ֣˲Ųϧʱж֮£￴
˵ʵڡħУ̲ס˵
ΪмǿԾмţмʹʲôıֶΣһжһ䡣
ѵҲʮǿߣޱͷһ˿
ֲơʱ̲סһ졣ʵ˵ҵĸоǺ˺ƺ˾ͬҲһӵǿķɡ
ôкδ㣿ҶЦʡ
ȻȰҶˡ˵Ҷ˲ͬǵ֮ţӵоǱ˵Ҳ±ʥұۣȴҶ
۹ˡҶ֣۲оžߡĿǰʶǿУΩһߣΩҵۼѡ
ǣ㱻Ҷȥ˵˵ҶȴǳԼǾ֮ˡ
ǲΪ˰ˡҶһЦʥͷ­ԭδȫѹסʥ֮ǼڷѹʥźŴҴȥ֮ʱȴ˵òᡣ
Ҷתۼָ𣿡˵ǿ߲£µȴִ֮Բϳɳǿߡֻһ磬ʱգɳɳΪӦġҶѾõʥͷ­αٲź
ʥźϵش󡣡Ҷ˵ַһУеߵ֮۸ұ֤Լʥұ֮󣬲Ⱦָź𣿾Ӳ̰ظƸƾȡ֮кβɣ
˵úá滺ͷѹҶͣ˳ɾ͡ȻҶһҪʥұۣȴҲֲˡ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦȴٶ˵һ䣬һջصħ֮УվȫħĹ
ޱ˻תħоǱȴѵĳʱ
Ŀеɱ֮ɫͻȻǿʢ˵һ±֮ǰȫͬʱȻŻ֮ڣȴٲȻһλµĴۡһϢϴͬһУиķߵĶ;ʱܲˣæԶȥ
ȥɡ滺˵صʥĹڣͷ֮ػ
ǣ;һͷҶһۺʱʹݷԶȥ
Ҷȫ䱸֪ǰȻչֳһǫǫӰ˵ɱɱԼѾĽɣһս֮УŹκλɱԼĻᡣ
Ȼ˫Ի赭дʵȴһս
ͻȻ䣬ԶĿжһĺ磬һӨı˪ΧĿռ䣬·һ±ϺĶ졣⺮˪֮УͻȻһ֣һƱֱǰֱĻ
һĺƶն裬ֱӻһ˱ĴǹХҶֱ̹
һɱУҶͷ̾ʱħ֮͵ȼ˲棬ܣ޴һ½Χĺһɨգħ·˾֮ȵĲһ㣬ɢܡ
Ҷһ֣ʱ˿֯һ˾޴ıǹ͵һ䣬ǹǰӭǱǹȥ
һһֲͬӣǹǹ棬ǹâӭǹâһʱ亮ɢ棬һ׳۵ľȴǱ֮֮䣬ݻ˪󣬷·ǽյ񻨣ȴǸΪѤá
ȵĽײ֮£һʱ𣬴ķ
֮УȴѾԽռ䣬һҶǰȻҶ
Ҷħ֮УȴħΪһ壬ħΪӳħĪ͵һȭӭ˹ȥֱӻڶԷ֮ϡ
ҵ֮Уȴź˳֮ԶԼȶΡ
ָȴһҶжһƶţȻϣӿһӨĹ󳱣ڿݻһλ׵ĸߴȴһϵеıʥߣ
ʥһʱһޱߵĺǺӿݣշıűʥһ֣ȫҶϮ
Ҷ㳤ХһɢӨ㣬ɳħ磬ֱ۳˸ߴıħ֮Ρħһ֣Ҳ˹ֱǰӿس
Ĵײһʱ֮졣һΣһһʱȻֲߵ¡
ĿҶ㣬ͷãǾ֮ţǿһսʵʹ֮£
˵֮䣬ȴͻȻȭȭ֮ƻû޴ı˪ȭֱӴ˽սе֮УȻһ֮䣬Ҷĺȴ÷顣
зħʱһ͵̧һ̤ʱһֻ޴ޱȵı˪㣬£ֱ̤Է֮УǺͬȭһҲ̤˸顣
죡
һֱۻӶ䣬ʥ֮趯ֱۣɢһ˪ݻһ֮󣬹ֶҶѹ
Ǵ֮Уȴ֮Σɢ쳣


429 Ϊ
𣿡Ҷ㻺ͷﵹҲС
̧֣ħӨ֮ħ֮⣬תۻһʮɳħշһӭǱȥ
һſڣħ³һ飬ȥһͬһžںһ㣬ֱײڱ֮ϡ
˲䣬Ǳ仯֮֮䣬һһǴͻƶһ±㵲סûſ³һ׶ֱħ
ħնת֮䷢УӡɢһϢȵɫ棬趯ħһ⣬צǰӳбʱ׻ûһֻ޴צһץסǵ׶֮ץ÷顣
ʱצħչҪħ˺顣ħȴʾ趯צ붯սһ
ֻն裬λǿڸԵ󷢻Ӿ޴֧Ԯһʱ䣬뺮ͬŹԣεΪ׳ۡ
Ȼ䣬ԼͬظԺʮɣȻһͳǰȴͬʱӳȫҵŶԷײȥ
ԴŹײһ𣬿ʱų⻪һĳ͵ɢϯķռҷڣһ顣
˲Ҷ㽫һӣ˫ĴսָűħɱǰҪƹսֱ湥ȥ
һ֣һֱԾ۵ıʥ߱Ҳ󲽣ֱӭ˱ħһһħʱչֶλһʱѽѷ֡
ȥȴҲȤйâһΣȴҶֱֱಫƴһƴ˭ǿɣ
Ҷĳֻռ۱ˡҶ΢΢һЦӭ˹ȥ
ħ֮У¶ǿ壬ȴħ֮Ƚ֮£ȴԷ֮ԲȻռˡ
澹ȻҲΪ⣬֪Ҷ⸱ʵ編һ㣬ֻһζǰҲʥսΣֱɱҶǰȭ֮ʣһӰʱɣȴ˫趯䣬ûһƬþ˿ȭ·
ѹϲⲫҶ΢΢ͷħ֮ʢʱһƬƬӰʵȭڣһȭӭϡ
˲䣬˱ڿжԻʮȭȭȭ滥ײµĽ֮·ײĲ˵ȭ뷨֮ȭ
ԣҶ΢΢üҡͷ˵ôҲܴﵽֵزһȭͷ
Ҷˣһ߻ȭ๥һߵȻʡ
һȭͷȴ֮ȭҶ˵ûзףѵѵ㾹ȻԼһȭͷ˷
ôܣһȾһǿ˵壬ֲǸĵرôɷ
ȴ۷ž⣬ͷϵܴħ㷨ǿߣضľšС֮ĵãΪţʱҲܴķˣҵȽһ±˴˷ʵ˵ɣоǿ֮ֻнɷʹ뷨ںϣȫӷԡ
㽫ȭͷ˷Ҷ㲻ɸ̾治ǾţҶĳȴ
㽫ηԼڣȴҵķ֮ͬ˵Ҳ˵һַáԱͨһսӡ֤ɣǻΪãǻΪ㿴һսĽɣ
ͻȻ䣬˫һΣȫȻһƬƬĻӰǻӰޱߣ˶ĿѣйҲ˲ʧȴǳһ㡣
һƬӰְֱΧҶһ¹У˲ʧ򣬲¡
˷֮У޴ĻӰ·ҶʱѾ¶ȥڿռһ㣬޴ڣ޴ǿĹ϶ҪҶɱ
ҶĿһ䣬ȴ̲סһͭٴۣ㾹Ȼֹһȭ˷ǰȫ˷
Ц𣬻صϢڱѾ˸УҰΧôͻƣ
ҶͷȻ˿ԽɷֱǾ֮٣ͭٴۣ֣Ҳμǣʷ֮У
˲䣬Ҷ裬ħħеĹħ⣬һ·һ趯һʥ˵֮ħʥͷ­ֱӳҶߣɢһʥĹâ
ħ磡
˲䣬һɺһħ֮С棬һɢȴһƬƬĻӰСһʱ䣬Ӱħ֮ħְ˻ӰҲ˵˭˭
ʥź֮ǿ𣿡Ľ֮⡣ܵõµǿѾԶˡ
˵֮䣬ȴ΢ȴܵħӰ죬ľһʱܼǿҶ㡣
ҶȴþħһǿӲؽһƬƬӰ˺ѿһת·һֻһ˲룬ػء
ʱħѾڻײи𣬶ʥħڻ֮в߽⣬ͬھ
һƬӰٵһָֻģҶңңţĿ˸֮䣬ƽ
ãܺáҶ㣬ͷϹ΢Ц
Ҷ㿴ǵͷ¶Цݡ
ԶͻȻһЦЦδֹ˱ͬʱ·𻯳һ㣬͵һ³ǰڰ
һȭֱҶħ֮ȭһ޴ȭӰγɻһеĿȭƣһȭ֮ķֱС
ȴȫȻ֮Ӱ죬ɳ۳ҵһƬأҶȭͷȻǿȴܷȫ·˷ܵĹâȭͷӿһƬӰȻ
ȭײʱװĺ֮
ȴһײ֮ɣԶȥмֱӺڴ֮ϣʱһϵĲľһȼ
ѹȻǾŽ֮ȴշ;ĸ֣Ҳѹֺǵĵһǿ߱Ψݣǳʮ׵ǿߣȻҲҪ£ʱ䡣Ҷ㻺ͷû뵽ȴһ¼һ޶ǿƾⷨԽսǿߣ
ԷԽȴԽǼҶһս֮ģ˷֮һϴɢħں֮ټʥ֮
ϵʥ֮⣬ԽԽǿʢȻԼӦԼħҪΪһ塣
˲䣬ħħӰֶһͬһҶоԼѾΪǿޱȵħһħԼԺݺᣬ̲סһХħһӣ
ȴǷǿޱȵħһ
ãҲųĹâ̲ס˷ܵص˵ͷҪľĶ֣
͵طһȣ˲ӿޱ߾ӨĹȫԾȴٻûκֱϣʹʾһ־ӨɫɢһʥĹâ
壬ʥδʥʥϢʥȭ
ХУȻɢһʥ֮Ĺâ˻һӨĹˣ͵һӭžħ˹ȭֱӭħ
Ҷ㣬֪˭ǿɣ


430 ʥĹ֮
ͭٴۣȻǲǿߣҶ΢΢ͷĵ̾
ɷѾǾǰδ֮£ֱⷨʥ֮ȻʥЧȴǲõõʥźܶԿӵʥźߣ
ٵõʥźֻΣ
ֻһãпֱӻʥ֮һʥ
һ˲ǿħһʥȭײһ˲ʥĹҫ֮䣬·ڰͻȻһ̫һ㣬ȫȾʥ֮ɫ·ޱֻһƬʥ֮⡣
ʥҫһâͬһ㵱ߣɢʥĹڵ磬Ϊǿһֹ֮֮𵴲ݣȴһ˿ɲı仯
ʱҶ棬һһ⼯оƴ֮ϣϴ߶ʩڶϣҪԷһɱ
˵൱һʱȴֲߵ¡
ڴʱҶȴӦ֮΢仯ʱһϲ˵û뵽ǵƴȴӰ֮ŵػޱųչȫ淢һɱͻ֮ţʥĹ
ãޱһͷҪų
ʱ֪ΪΣȴͻȻӾҵһ͵طһ޴סħԼȴͻȻʹݷ˲Զȥֱͻ磬ȥ
ô£ޱȻ
ֻҲӦʲôҶ͵һħħʢȫħڣħһ½ȫơ
âҫ֮䣬ɢҫصʥ֮⣬㽥Ϩָֻ˳̬
ãҶһüæħ֮ŷȥۼҪʱȴͻȻһͣ
磬ôˣޱæʡ
ƴһʧ֮ڵػָֻˡҶ̾Ϣһ֪ˣӦһѧӣʱסĹƣȻֱӳڡ
Ϊʲôˣʡ
ǵƴҲӰ쵽ǱߵʥĹڡҶ˵ӦǱߵ仯֪ǵʱ˲һеʱˡ
ô죿ˡѵֻһʥĹõʥź
ҲֻһԣܷȫٽͨˡҶ΢΢ҡͷҽ̬֮ʥ϶ΪһֱӴ֮ڡ
һӦ΢΢һЦûãȻػָȴԶŵǿˣֻðҵʱͿԴͨڽˡ
£ʧʲôˣҪھܽУôµʱ㹻ʥźҵᵽˡ
ҲδءҶ˵ȻѾˣҪһϣǡʥź׵ã浱ѽ֮õСܾãڤڤʥźҪԵС
Σܵһԡޱ˵ҲǱߵڣҲ򿪣˱ֻı仯żȥֻߣʲôǿĴڴʥĹڣŲòػ
ֿܡ˵ͷ
ΣˣܷܲҶʱ£ֿʼеػ
˲Ϸʮ֮еػ֮󲿷ֶѾʣȻвپ޴Ѿܶħ繹вҶ㵱ϣʱħֱӷС
һ֮ڣһƬ硣ǹҫ·ԼѾ֮СЩǹⲻסƶתȴ޷巽֮С
Ҷεǿ󣿾Žǿߵ֮չԼסħ顣ħػ֮ǰȥһյķУһ磬һƬҹĻֵ֮С
Ҳʵһ㣬ɽи顣ʱ¸߹֮ϣҫأԶһƬͬɫʾһա
ʥĹ𣿡ܣҶ㡣
ҲȷҶȴҡҡͷʥûвǿҵ֮ƺﲢûʥźڡȻڵ磬ȻʥĹйء˳ʥ΢֮Ѱҿɡ
ʥұѾȡ˰ɣ޵ǵ˵
ˣҪĵһ¾ϵڵʥĹ磬һɱҶһЦһڣ˵滹ûõʥұۡʥȻ΢ȴڣҲ˵ʥұۻûȡߡ
Ǳã˷ܵصͷˣǿȥѰҰɣ
ȵȡҶȴһ֣ʾҰϸøй٣ӦԶϢ仯˵ڶ֮߰⣬ǿߵϢƺս
ôء˵ѰʥźҪ
˵صս˭˵ʥź޹أޱ˵磬ǿһô°ɡ
⵹סҶһ֣Ŀħħħʱħ֮ڣչ֮ʱһͼħϿգ֮
ֻǴ¹ҫ֮£һӱʣǴӰߣʮʬ嵹ڵءЩ߸żΪƵף֮Ͼȴͨףһ
ԷΪߣȻͨǼǿߣЩǿ߾Ȼһɼǵĵжǿ
ʱʮ°ɫ׵ˣػסһλ֣ںһζ
Ǳػĸ֣ȴһλŮӣûòʮˣͣƺֻжʮꡣ
һսߣȴһλʮӡ˳øߴ׳һļ⾹Ȼγ֮ΣһּΪǿĸоЩżսʿһҲǿ׳ޱȣһȣȴ·һȺС˽һ㡣
ۣȻͭٴۣͭٴ𣿡ŮӿǿϢָǿ׳ӣʡ
кβɣǸ۷һЦ͸а֮ɫȻ֮УǴͭٴʥź֮ġнҪǿסʥĹΧһֵҽӽߣɱ⣡ԴŮʣԼ
Թű֮ءԴŮϡԹʿջ˸ͬԼκһöռ򣬶֮ʿʱȴͭٴһ֮أʲôɱ⣬ΪԼʲôˣ
ǽǵףЦһЩ׷۵ˣǷ⽮һǽأԳΪһףҫԴŮʣ࣬ңʱ檣ֻ谮һˡʱҳһ֮ϵĻʺΣ
ޣԴŮӲԭƴҪҲҪµԨ
ôĿһƲ졣Ȼǰ˽۷壬ϾδŽףﲻһССɫҲ˵ʲôұɱЩԴ񽫣Ȼѹסҹеģȴǲģʻ㳢˼֣Զڱʿ£
˵Ц͵ǰԾ
޳СˣԴŮʺ޺ҧʱ֡
޳СˣޱڰħУһĻҲɶŭ޺һ
硣תҶ㣬ΣܲۿŮڴɣ
ȻҶ΢΢ͷҲ˵ʲôһ¿ħʹݷǴȥ


431 ԴŮ
Ǹۿˣ֮䣬ӨĹ㲻ӿɵ﹥Щż׵Դ񽫡ԴȻڶ࣬ȴУֻԴŮԭһڷɽǿ뿡Կ
һЦȻȴǱϷ̬ζʱ͵һ³ֽǷɽˣȻǻּɱһˡ
ԭ㲻ҲôңһߴЦһ˵˵ԴŮʱǣʮȴʮĹһ㣬ʿĽѲһˡҽԼûᣬʿҪúðաģ˵˼֣һһڻǴ֮ȴãҹʱӣŮ˵Ŀ֣
˵ԻȴԭӲľܱ侲һֻƴȫɱ򲻴սȴ
ԭԹԴ˱ʣ⼸Դ񽫵˵㲻ʾԾĲΪԸѵĿʾӦΪ˱ҳԼôûľγΪʾ
סڣһλԴ񽫺۴һ֮ʵ£ֱܶģ뺦ʣ
ССƾҲҶԱãǱʱɱ㣡һ˿ɱ⣬ͻȻһȭӨ۳һСɽȭȻλԴ񽫻ȥ
ҳ£ԭһȫ߶ǱɽǽϣӭȭҪȭ֮ڡ
ȭˣһ±㽫ƣʹ𣬱Ʈɢȭһ½ɽתɳȴȻԴ񽫻ȥ
ۼԴ񽫱Ҫһȭ֮ʣһâʣֻһ׽Ǿȭ̡
ʲôˣʵĺ£һ͵һת
ֻԶ֮һռ䲨ţһȫͬսһˣͻȻǰ
ħ֮
ܺáҶ㿴ǲһ㱻ɱԴ񽫣ͷĿɨʣµԴ񽫣ϵͷǶܺãʸøǿ
һؿħ֪֮ǺηʥۼҶ־Դ񽫣ȴҲ֪˼пæһԼһ˿ϣ
ԭȴ롣֪ߣΪʥźرǸǿᱦ֮ˡ˱˴˼䶼ǵˣλ־ȱˣ
£Ŀġ
ҧҧа룺ʲôĿģֻҪܾҲֻҪܱײ裬һҲգ
λ֪γƺҶ㣬ƮȻһơԴŮԭǸۿһв֮£භиʩȣ¶ȫر
ͼĲǻرҶ˵ʥź֮£ȫƾԱ£ɱ˶ر߱㱻˻ɱʥĹⶼǸ֮ǰӦõļֱ֣֮ȴˣʮ޳СоҶĳ˱ȻҪܣ
ĶµĹһͭٴ۵ĵ£ҿǻòͷˣ
˵֮䣬ͻȻ׵س֣Ө۳һ޴ĵСǵһĺ⣬һ֮γһڵϣʾĪ
ɱն굶
һ䣬Ǿ޴ĵ͵ضͬһһҶ㼲նȥХ֮䣬ݿ֮ƣûӰΧȫһ֮С
ΪݻǾŽ׳ҶҡͷһЦֱ»ǰŪ𣿡
˵֮䣬ħ֮ض·һ˯ѵˣչ֫һ㣬͵صһնȴȫ˲һ⻪ȴħ֮ȭų֮䡣
˲䣬Ҷһȭǰһȭһƣڿɢ·ˮһ㡣ݺ֮䣬һȭֱӭľ֮ϣʱһľ졣
ЩӰһ±㱻ȭŤɢǾ޴ĵУȴҶһȭǰͬѡ
Ȼֱȭҵɱն굶һ³ԾСȴδҶǿУ˫ȭ͵ǰһײӨ㣬ֱǰһԾȭ
˫ѹ
ţ˫ȭ𣬷·һ㣬һԾȭ˲󣬻Сɽһ㣬𣬴һ֮շҶݺ¡
Сɽȭȭķ·һССһ㣬ҶֱӽС
һее˼Ҷ΢΢ͷ֮ɵסߣǿߣȴһֽˡ
˵ǰһ˲͵ǽı߽磬ֿɵһ֮䣬б㴫춯ȴǽ֮˲߽⡣
̧һ֮䣬ħħзͬһһ㵱ճһ±㽫ѹµһֻȭõձѡâУħһһֻȭҲ׵ر顣
Ҷɱ֮һ֣ħʱ˿
֮ɫӣһȴ޷ӿֻƴȫһҪħ¡
ħССһŽ׳ܵסɲǼ䣬һֱ۱㱻ħֱӳɳ
ʹĴУһеתӣħһ½סϾӿ֮䣬ʱɳһ֮ɢֿٱħɡ
ħջħ֮ڣҶ㻺ǰԭǰĿɨʣµʮԴ񽫣˵Ǹˡ
⻰ҵԭæʩ񡣶ʮλԴ񽫣ͬʱϥأҶʩԴ
лִȣһԴͬ
Ļ˸жҶ㻺ͷһּ䣬һӿʱһԴ񽫰Χһħ֮С
ۼҶ㽫Լһڲһ¡̡롰ڡԭɴһţҶٻ֣һ֮ʱҲ˲ħ֮СȻĿܣҶ̫ǿ󣬶ҷѸͣȴûü
˲䣬ǰһȴǵһ֮У֮ڵǸߴĵãÿ϶ɢ⻪һλӢӸֶԣһ绪ŮЦߡ
ȴһʮɳɫ̾ϣ͸ϡ
һߣȴһλɵľˣɫΪ׽˿Ϊεĳۣ͸˾֮⣬ϸӦȻ֮࣬۳ɵ顣
Զֻķ֮ȴ׻ȸ䡣
ԭһ²ɿôˣԭأ˵
ԴŮʡҶ㿴΢΢һЦǿ˵ȴһλʾܺãûоȴˡĲĹ㾭һڣֵüνߣҵһΪħ硣֮СʥأĲڴʹһҲδ֪
⡭ԭӲ˵
ԵظӦг˸ǿЩϴԼ壬ԼԼ㲻˹ҲԵõĪĺô˹ֻͻƼ޶ûпܣ


432 ׽
һԴ񽫣Ҳħеľ֮Уһʱ񼤵
λþнҶ˵Ѱʺ֮ǵŮҲǾ޴
˶£ȴλرԭΪ֮ݣʩһ
֮͡ҶҡͷŮȥ֮ݺ˵ޱħˮһЩ
áޱһͷħˮʱһԴ񽫶С
ǡԭ¶֮ɫʲô
ŮʰǡҶһЦ
лԭȻԸĺûᣬЩǣȴܲˡ
һֻףȴҲʶաһʡ
µۼǷڤҶ㡣Ҷ˵
ԭʩһ󣬱ѰһطһԴ£
Ҷħ磬Զ˵أһСء
ԭ䲿֮ʣҶȴһӾħʱӢ˳Ӣһ֣ʱȫޱ飬ֻҶ㡣
ͭٴ۽ʥĹжãҶֱʵ
ʮաӢʵػش
ҵʥźҶʡ
ѾʥĹʮջδ뿪Ȼǻûеõʥźûҵҵ޷õҶ塣
Ȼҵλ˵һʱ޷֮С
ô˵ʥĹ֮лһרŴʥź𣿡ҶʡҲǿػ֮
ȷʵһ硣ͷ粢ػֻ֮ͨ۸ӣһʱԽУҪԴǻ۴Լǿ̽ҵһȷͨ򣬱뺡֮磬ò뺡ɱ
Ȼ˸ӡҶ㻺ͷ֪˴ʥź߻˭
ƺϵǿۣѾһʥźӦˣͭٴ۲żǵΪˣǿߣͬػһ򡣡
жٹңǿߣǷͶ£Ҷʡ
ǹʮĹʮǳҲﵽĽףаʮĸеȹңҲﵽ˳СδﳬӦ£ʮ⣬ͭٹ
˶ʲôˣҶʡ
ԭҸ˵ΪǷ˵֮һ
֪˵Ҷʡ
ۣνʥʾߡ˵ˣŻᷴͭٴۼ֮ɾһ֮˽ֻ֪ǵλ˽ǿߣ㲻˽⡣
ô֪֮Ужٸ֣Ҷʡϸ˵
ͭٴ֮УҪĸֱĵ˵ͭٴгŽǿˣ˽ˣ߽ˣˡСʮˣδϸ㡣
ǿһޱɾ̾Ȼɱ˿Է⣬һλŽǿߣλ˽ף㲻Сټ߽ס׺Щһ׵Ĺʲô˿⣿
Ҫڴ˵زᣬ뷴˽ύǵ֮Ҷ㻺ͷеԭû뵽·ƽ֣ȴǴĪĺô
˵һ֣ħʱӢڡ
ʱħɢħˮ͸ԭһÿһ˵ڣǵϴڵʡ֪䣬ԴӾҵҡţȫڣһӻ
֮ʮλԴУȴаƾǿһ½
Ҳ˽ãʣµҲΪǿߣԴ˸߾ӷ֮ϣΪңؼǿߡ
ʮԴ񽫽¶ϲ֮ɫһ˷ܲѣȴ´ŵŮҸֻǱ˴˶ţ͸¶ޱȼ֮ɫ
ϧ罣Ѿħ硣ޱҶһЦ˵ȻöӢ鵤˵ܰҲŽ֮ʱԱ
Ը⣿ҶӦȴڶ
ޱһۣСһ죺ҿɲԸ⡣һλ˵ѣȴҲǻ¡Ȼͭٴ֮ǿ֮ʿ϶ӿԷǿƼߵǿһЩǺõġ
֮ǰҲǴ˴ģǽħû뵽ȻǷ˵֮һܽһʱܳΪ˵䣬ʱȻ˳õ˵֧֡ҶͷҪһףҲ¡Ѿǳ˽׵۷壬ʱһ̤Ž׵Ȼû罣ȴʥڡ
ҪʥгȡӢ鵤ޱһ
кβɣҶЦˡʥҲӢһ֣
˵һ֣ħʱʥͷ­֮ϣȴĿʼȡʥɲ֮䣬ʥͷ­𵴲ݣһʥӿ𣬳žħ¼㽫֮
ǲɰɣޱ̾˿ܳȡʥΪӢ鵤ǾӦýСʥ鵤ˡжǿ쳬еĶǿߣǿ̫ˡ
ȷʵװ쵽Ҷ˵ͷһЦȻħ㵯΢ȡôһʥ֮Ҳʥɣٳȡе֮һӢ鵤
˵ţħһħзʱ֮󣬾ħһջأһ֮ȴ۳һöӢ鵤
ζӢ鵤ס̾ȻַӢ鵤Ҷ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣӢ鵤ֻ±֮ǰǿʥ鵤Ҳ޲ɰɣ
ȷʵǱ֮ǰǿ࣬ҪСʥ鵤ȴöࡣҶһЦ䣬֮ӿȥ֮еԭͨԭӦҶĺʱ˳ȻδܾˣҲҲӦҶ㡣
кηԸʱʡ
ǷԸҶһ֣Щ£ƾе۷֣ħȾʱͻƽŮȴǳ˽ǿߣѾϾ֮һƾħֻҪһزͻƽ·ӿ֮ʣʱȴδ̫
ԭţԼµһֿܣȴš
ǰɣ֮⣬ȴƺҪ硣ǳŽףȴǳ˽׵۷壬ʵȻ࣬Ҳܴﵽ̶ֳȰɣ
ԳŽ֮ͬǿߣϲܴġ
Ȼ˵ˣȻǴ⡣ѵ漣ɣ
мֲţֻסҶ㣬ҿô˵
ұ㶯һ㷨Ҷ㿴ȴѾ³˼΢΢һЦһöӢ鵤˹ȥ֮Ӣ鵤͵ԭǰԭӦⵤҩӿľ޴۾һ֮½˹
ǣȻѾµȴǲţ˷ʡ
һöҩΪӢ鵤Ҷ˵ؼ֮ɣҼһ˿˿ʥǷŮʽ̷֮ټħɿٵؽŽ֮
⡭ԭôˣؿöӢ鵤ȴġ
һ֮ѾǸмôҽر΢ȻӢ鵤ޱȶģȴĽܡ


433 
ҶһЦ˰֣ҲʲôرҪŮѾǳ˽۷壬ѾﵽޣʱнܣֻȱһᡢһѡˣӢ鵤п߽ܽǿ˽ףҲ޿ܡ
Ҳرԭ˵Ȼ۷֮Ѿ޽ӽһǿ磬һ֮֮ңжһĳ۷֮УȴһòͻƼ޵Ļ᣿
ͲؿˡޱЦ˵ʥͷ­Ҫȡʥ֮ѡħȡӢ֮ɿٵӢӢ鵤˵ȴʲô
˵ȴرԭҪƴǣҶȴѾ˰֡
ԴŮʣҲлֱ˵ʩ㣬ͼֻ·ƽ֡˵֪Ƿ˵֮һȴ֮ġϣͭٴһƴ󣬵ʥұۣǿȻὫ˻ƣзɱȻһͳһ۹ˣһռ£ס£ҶԣԲ¡
ԭͷͬʱҲɻ̲סʣ֪Ƿ֮һ
ȴеӢ֮Ҷ˵һ֣ħʱٽӢ۳
ԭþĶǣ񼼡
ħһӢʱ´ɢС
ϵƣѾͨӢ֪һЩҶ˵Ȼ֪Ƿ˵ͭٴ֮Ʒ֮ȴԶԶǡ
ԭ̾һǷ˳Աһʮܵʥʹ֮ߡҪͳһ򣬽ҵΪ°ڰ츣ȻҪȴҪΪһ˳ʥūۣҵȻӡֻ϶ۣȴԶѷǣڣλ˽ǿߣˣһˣĽˣʮһλۣǳһ׵ľ磬ԶԶԷƴ󡣡
ͭٴˣȷʵҶ˵ʮǿߣҲǶԿ룬֮£λŽ׸֣λ˽׸֣λ߽ףλףʮλǿһɱʮ׸ҲҪ֮زز
ǰԭͷɫΪį
ԣҲžҪһʹԿٶȼǿȴǳΪѡҶ㿪ϲ˵ҰǴİҰģҶԸ棬ʥź
ڣȻԴԭ˵ȴܱ֤ӦҪ֪ʥұ۱Ͼ֮˵ȥֻ˻Ĵ治
ŮͬáҶһЦֻҪһλѣܶһֶԿͬ⣬ҲŮʡ
¿ԴӦᾡٳɴ¡ԭ˵漴̾˿ʵʵ˵ҵԸʥұ۱˵ȥϱ԰κһλУպ󶼻ᱻңԾ֮Ǳ㲻ðˡ
ôȴǲԡ̲ס廰ǿߵõʥźͳһԼȾָأһӶҡ
ٲͶԭЦһ֮ҪȽͳһԼɣȴ֪Ҫöʱ䡣ʱǾǰġ
Բԡҡͷؼ֮ȴû뵽Ӧʵµ֮˽֮ȥ˲ǲˣɱҵ꣬ɱǰɱ˵Ҷ񣬴ûһͼıʲôҵֻһΪ롣˵õʥźŻ֮
ȻԸöõʥźԭͷˣֻܱ֤Ȱǡ
˱áҶһͷʱȣŮʻǽӢ鵤̷˵ɡ⡭
һָһħʱԸ߿н£ݻһ֮ؼȴ̫رͼ
иֽŽʱĵãԲһ£ͻƵа˵
áԭһͷ˷ܵĹâؼ˰κ󣬺ԥؽӢ鵤̷ȥ漴ٴڵؿʼ֮һöҩתȫ֮Ϊ֮𣬼
ܵı仯һϲ漴ѹס鲨ȫתСʱһϢתۼ۳һȻȴǳɹﵽ˾Ž֮
֮Żʧԭ˷ۣܵҶƮȻ£л֮ԭǶ֮ˣǣر£
ŮʿˡҶһЦҲҪֵػ˰ɣұһ㣬һ㣬Σ
ȴǸˡԭһЦ漴˵㣬ǷˣûнʥĹȻصϣɡʥĹäĿҴͭٴһˣǵ֮زز
νʥĹ֮еģҶʡѵҲǷʥĹڣȻһֱػ֮
ԭҡҡͷǵͭٴƿʥĹ֮仯Ӧ仯ȴϵƿͨʥĹһǱжȴǽٵͨУֻǻûѰӰ˿н֮ѡ
תҶ˵һѶ˵ȴδǸ
ȻԭЦŵͷһѣܳɾͳŽ֮
㣬ȥλ˵ɡҶһͷȴһ֣Ϊ׼һЩ߲١
˵ţħ͵һӣٴβʥͷ­֮ϣȫתҪʥȡʥȻȫħ
Ҷ㲢סַ֣˶ΪٳȡһЩʥ֮󽫾ħ䵽ħ֮⣬ȫе֮˹һʱȴ۳ʮöӢ鵤
⡭ۿôӢ鵤ҶʱԭɾĿɿڴ
֮Ľϸ֣⻹ʮˡҶ˵ʮöӢ鵤͵ļɡڱѾﵽ۷ߣ̷ͨӢ鵤ٸħ֮ٽһס
Ĵֻ벻ΪѶˡԭЦˡ
߰ɡҶһͷԼʥĹһڶȥ
֪һ׼ԭһ˵һֻ̧ǷɽǷϴһռ֮ԭһ֣һռʱҪƿħƶȥ
Ҷ֪ʹ֮ʱһڣħзɳ
֮һռأҶٴδħ磬룬صԭǷɽ֮ϡ
ԭ΢ЦһƬ֮ȴɫ䣬Ҳɲ
ôˣҶ㼱æʵ
²áԭҧҧҼûϢһʱн㼯һڸҲʥĹ֮Сȴʱ˲ãȻԷĸѾΧסҪбˡ
ںδҶ㼱æʵ
㣬ѵҪȥǣԭһԷֻʵΪǿȥ
ܾܲȣҪȥ˲֪ܲηԷǲ˰ɣҶ˵
ãԭһͷҧҧΪָ·ȥ


434 
¹֮£ɽͶӰִأɽ֮ϣȴһƬ
˼ʣһɽ״ƽɽ֮ϣʮλȫɢʿһһ˶Կš
ЩʿһŻׯϵĻۣ֮࣬ȴһλλ˲õĵǷ˵һڸ֡
ʮˣŽһһǿдɫȴ޾ɫ˿׼
ǵĶ֣ȴʮˣ࣬ȴͭٴ֮еһڸ֡
ֻһΪ׵ͭٴۣһԭλ֡
ԪңգǻʵͶɣʱͭٴһλۻУǴڷ˴λ˵ǵԶʤǣһͭٴ۴͸ǵǿת֣ǵĶ֡ԹͭٴЧңľۻŵһϯ֮أԿɺúǵĴۡ
סڣ˴룬һλһϮ멣ӿѮĻԪҾ̰֮Ҫ꣬Ϊһ֮˽ūȫˣҲӦ
һλݣһǷǸ໺ͷҲ罫֮⡣ɱǣȴҲҪѪĴۣ
һѪĴۣľۻһҿǲײĲᣡ
㸶ѪĴ˵ԪҴһ͵һ³֣һӿҷ磬ʱΣ仯Ϊһ޳Уһǻȥ
仺ҡͷҲֻǽһУʱбһռ䲨ɣǲ֮Уһɫľֹ
ǾָߴɣԲ֮ϻ֮񣬾ȻɢһȻǻеġת֡
תһ㽫һӣһֱ֮ת֮ϣֱʱٵתһ··ֱӭһ֮
˲ײһǾֲת֮䣬һֱӳǳڿоҵ֮͵˾޴ƻҪǾֻ顣
ǾֲޱȣϻƵ֮񣬾ȻԲɢǿ󣬽ǳ֮һ֮󣬱ĥĥһ㣬֮ȫ
漴Ǿֱת֮ײԪҡ
Ԫ۷ž⣬һȫӳһȭȭӰ֮縡ײǾ֮ϣȻһ½ײ˳ȥص˻ߡ
ԪȴһſһѪȻ˲ᡣ
ת֣Ԫǿҧأ޺˵
ȲҪʱһǰԪҷסϣһԪҵڣȴڿٵҽԪҵơ
Ȼ֮
ա˵޳ѵһʵѵõ˲šͭٴҲᵽ㣬˵ΪãίΡúÿһ°ɣɽ֮У
죡һ˿ɱ⡣䣬Ϊ¼価ԸΪ˳䵱߹𣿡
գԼ˲䣬ɫüΪѿһĨɱ¶һ̧֣һ̷֮Χơ
ƾЩˣҲҪսͭٴ۵ϡɭһָԼǷ飬һλ˽ǿߣǵķǿ֮Ĳൽжɣ
ãʱͭٴбλ˽ǿߴ󲽶һϴŵЦݣ·ҫһؽֻɲǼ䣬һռ䲨ɣһֻֻߴɵתƿնǵߡ
˽ǿ߾Ȼÿ˶һֻת֣Ԫҵɴ۾̲סһɥ֮С
ֻˣЦ֮һ֣ȴֳһֻתֻ֣֡תţɢޱߵĻ֮ȥ·Ƿеһ㡣
ͭٴһ˰ֻת֡˵֮ͭУŽǿߺ˽ǿߣһһֻۿʱѲߣȴδӣ֮һֻתֱʹáҪ˵˶ڣֻת֣ԽЩСɫɱұͬΪϵϣշǣ˵õôκǲѰ·
ľ۲úǷϻˡһλͭٴеİ˽ǿһѾռϷ磬ѹסǵһ֣ȫɱǣǵĹңȴøǼ
ɱǣǿߣߺ
λԼһ˴һһսλп̰ҪתͶߣ
û˵Щ۾һͦضһƣ˾̾
ãշЦôǱЭһսףǱȫҲҪöԷΪǲ־𾪣
˵úã
ʱһٴţһӰһͻ޿ռ䣬ڷ˴Ͽա
ħ磡
ʲôˣۼ⡰ˡͻȻ֣ɢһۻϢޱȣ΢΢üȥϿա
λҪ£ʱһ⻪ħзڷ˵Ĵ֮У۸հڳ䱸ļƣ㿴ȴԼˡԴŮԭ
ԴŮʣԪͬʱһôˣ
ţԪұüʲô㵱뿪ʵ籾ӣͬΪǱǰ
ǡյͷһսǱɣǻƴ֮еĸҲʱͭٴ۵ˣʵҷĴʱôôͿȴҪһ
ԭЦˣֻδذɡ
˵֮䣬ӿһ֮ӨĹϸΧƮϵݻơޡ
⡭ԪҺͲնõɴ۾Щ֮ʵγɵ壬̲ס
Ž֮ԴŮʣ㾹ȻŽˣ
ԭͷһָԼʮλ˶Դ񽫡ȴҲѾͻƼޣɾ˳֮
ʮλ⣬ͬʱɢ
ôܣվʮͬʱ찡һ¾Ͷʮλǿߣ
ʲôܣ֮УҶһЦָ֮䣬ʮöӢ鵤ħзֱ򷴶ʮλĽϵĴ
ǵʮλӦƾűֱץסչһӢ鵤ӦϹȴɴס
λԭһָУҳʥĹ֮УԴڶ࣬ȴλۼǷڤҶȡɱ˿Դ˵ҩ֮ʹ벿¾ͻƼޣٽ
ʲô⻰һڣȴɱˡ
ʮλƾǿһ³ɾͳȻˣҲ˽ܡһλ˽ǿһԾŽף˸е˼ˣ
ǳʮ׵ǿߣֻҲ˵һ
Ҷʲôˣ
ڳ˲ɶаԲ²š
λҶ˵Ҷĳڳư£༫ЩһҰģðߡͭٴһУҪΪһ֮˽ūҶĳˣԴŮʽΪѣȴܴܲ£˵ĸλģҶĳڴˣһսǱʤ


435 ȡת
λҪˡԭ˵ʱգҵһսҵȱ㼯ȫҶδƽΣ֣
ʱԭеĵλȴ΢仯ȥԪҡһ㣬ֻ֮һڽŽףȴѾеǿߣԪҺͲգҲٲ֮ǰһƽƽ
ܽɰ˽Ž׵Ҷ㣬иǴ˵һĴڣ˵Ҷɣ
ѣʲôˣҶҪһ䡪Լ֮£޹ء俴Ҷ㣬˵ҪԽȴֻ»ᱻǿȺ֮
Ⱥ֮Ҷ㿴΢΢һЦ
һ֣һͬһ˲һձڣֱŻȥ
䱾ҪֵǺէһӽʱӦһĻϢһԹĿ־Уȴ̲סɫʱò԰ޱȣһ䵽ԼӪ֮УٲҶԷ
ҺסһУţӿӨ㣬ջһֻƣȴĻȥԵֵǺ
һǿ߼ˣһȴͬʱ֮͵طʱ־ӿǾƻһʱһǾ˳ȥ
һײǿߺһʱնϾɢ
ģϽ𡣡Ҷ㻺ͷôǿߺһұǿҲԵֵãҲֻһˡ㣬һ֣
ãԭһͷϾӿ𣬾Өڿлһ޽
ж෴˵ĸҲٲԥԷһʱϾ۳˴󳱣ӿ׳ۡ
Ȼɱǵǿߣһ󷢺ݣ͵ػӶ˫֣һתֱʱתӭҶɳ۶ȥ
֣һλ˽ǿ֮һֻתһȴǼȫҪɱҶ㡣
磬ҳְɡޱųһԾԾԵı顣δȫչʾأҸᡣ
ãҪСġҶһͷ
İɡޱһЦ֮䣬͵һħзշ衣
һ˫۱ʱųһâ͵һ֮䣬һʱǰ͵ؽȭΣһ±ֱ˵һֻתת֡
һʱ䣬ҵײ֮һޱߵת֣ٶһ±·ײ޷Ƶľ޷һ㣬Ħ֮ҫ𻨡ȴǲΪȭͷأһֻȭͷȴȻת֮ϣʱתֵת֮ȫƻһ·˳ȥˤԶ
ʲôˣôôǿ䲻ɷһ
תֲˤϣתָ˾ٵػص˻ߡ
һת֣ʱҲɵǰҲУǰУֻȭֽһתִɡ
ˡҶ㵭ӦҶĳһΪҲǶĸ֣ҵı첻¡Ҳֻʲôת֣ȴԶˡ
Ȼ˵ţȴ֮̾ҲҪȭ֮ܽɣɳԶлָȻǺ÷棬ȷʵǲĶš㲻ڴ˵أȴעЩҪҡұЩת֣ȴһʾ޴ĲƸ
뵽Լתֺͭٴ۾ʹı飬Ҷ㲻ͯĴЦ
ڴʱλ˽ǿߵתȴҲ˹Щתһ㣬ͬ·߷ȴȫ·ҪһתЭײơ
֣ԭʱһһֳ޽ʱӭһת֣һ֮Уݺײת֮ϣʱ޴תײƫ˷һ·ɹԶ
֣УԪҲͬʱ֣˸Էһ֮ľƣȻݺݵطֱһֻת֮ϣ޴ȻܽתֻˣȴҲ·߻ƫʹƫ뷽߹
ǿߣǸԷӾһЩת֣һʱ䣬ңײЩת֡
ƶȭȼ䣬һֻֻӽԼתִշɳ
֮Ըôת֣˺һʮλǿ֮ȴԳһУֻת֣ǿԿ
ת֮ʱһŶԷӪɶȥּ̧һȭĿȴǶԷľŽֻͬ䡣
ܷܣͭٴ֣ȴûзķۼҲֻڵϷ䣬ȴ˹ȥֱȥ
һɱҶһ磬׷ȥҲԷӪɱȥ
壡ԭһХȷɱǰּ۳ֱŶԷǰλ۷ȥ
ڵ֮£̽ǰɱ˲ͭٴ˵Ӫײһ𣬶̱ӣɱ
ҶǰĿɨֱ£һȭȴ˼ʮȭӰһ±㽫λ˽ǿ߰УȻһġ
λԾ޴ѹӦһĿֲȣһ͵һƳһơһ֮Умʮɣٵںһγһ޴磬ݺҶײ
ײҶȭӰ֮Уʱ㱻סǰ֡λ۱˴˶һۣȴͬʱʹ˿ֲľһ±Ҷ㡣
Ҷ㵭һЦȫԷĹȭˮӿʱǾ޴ƣ޴ĳλˣһʱ޷Ⱥ
Ҷȴǳô˻ᣬ̧һӣħʱղסֻת֣һ½ѹס͵һħ֮С
ֻתֵˣǱ˵λеˣһתֱᣬʱתħԿԿһ֮䣬ȴ³һѪ
ãĿת֣λҶˣתδĴɫһ䣬뷢Լתֻ˻ԣͬʾСıҶǵķ
ķǹ죬ȴȡ˷ǧСģһλתֵĴʹļףС
кã
ʱѾɱӪ֮УӪڻײ֮Уʱҳһţλ۸ǿɱսȴ˵ľ棿
óѣȴһ棬һ֮ʣ͵ؽԼƵֻתȫȥסĹԼҶ֮Өնȴһֻ޴ޱȵƣҶ
δ֮ȴȻһ֧Ҷͷ¡
ʥ磡ҶҲһ֮䣬ʥͷ­ԣɢһʥĹԣҶΪһ壬һСһ±㽫Ǿ޴ƺ޴ݺѹ£ȴȷ飬౻ڰգ޷¡
ҲʱҶһ֣ħֱ䡣䷴Ӧ죬鼱¼æˣȴһħĩһâţʱҽһˤϣſһѪ
ʱѾȭֻתڿҡβݣȫʧȥ˿µҶһ֮䣬ħȥһ½ֻתֲס˲佫֮ħ磬Ծѹ


436 ͭٴ
ۼҶת֮䣬ȡֻת֣ͭٴһ˲ɾ֡
ʵǼһ𹥻˵Ҷ㣬ʥ˴ֻҲǵĶ֡κҶ߻һڷ˵ĸ֣˺ɱȴͭٴӪңʹ˲ܻˡ
ʱħҶƣȴĿһԣȴɶЦ
̫ãҲóȥŷŷˣȴҲҶһħзչ塣һ֣һ̽צ֮仯һֻ޴צ·Ⱥץȥ
壡вֱӷ
κһ϶Ǵ˵֮ޣνײβĪ⣬ѵһޡһǰȴɵǲ
ʱ䡢ȸ׻֮ʣһȫ֣ȴִͭٴһֲ
ˣҲսɣԾԾԣһ˷ܡҺôҲǰ˽׸֣ԶʤҲչɣ
ȥɣҶһ֣ħ翪ڴ򿪣ʱһһ·ԾշһȴöԷλĺˡ
СǣǼʶ۵Х̧֮֮ԷӪ
һӶ֣ҶǼδ飬ȴͭٴһңľս̲סҶ㣬ֻޱȣȻôഫ˵Ĵڣʵǿֲ
ɱɱ˵ĻָҶ㣬šɱ˵Ʋƣ
ɱ˽׸һ۾һӭҶ㡣ĸתߣʱԼ֮ת֮УʹתתһҶ㹥ȥ
λʧȥתֵĸִ֣֮ȭһȭӰݺգҶΧȥ
Ҷ߻ޱȫһ֮˽׸֣ȴҲ
ǰֱӭ֮ȭ׾ҵţɢһޱ߾ȴԷȭеֱƻʹ֮ɢΪޡ
ȭ֮䣬ҵȭＤȴԷȭȫƻ
ˣҶȴֻĵתֱɣѹһʱ
ĵת֣ҲǺöԸ֮λ˽ǿߵĿ֮£ɢһγһεľ޴ѹѹ֮£ǾŽ۷ǿߣҲòˣԶԶܿ
Ҷоħ磬ɢֵסεľ޴ѹٻֵʥһСʥֱӴĵתְΧȴƽɢ
ħ磡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷһ⣬ȴǹͨʥħ֮˲һΪǿħ硣ǴħǿСֱǿĵתֵİ˽ǿߴȥһ½С
޴ħ֮ʱӰǵľʹ־֮ģսһʱѹסҲ޷ת֣һž޴ѹֻƴתħǿµĻ֮Կ
һĵתֵٲ֮ǰôǿ£ɵֵ
˸ţҶ֮ȫȴٴԼħ϶ΪһӦħ֮ǿ̲סһХ֮䣬ħ
һ֮䣬ȴħħ֮ķӦ˶սѡ
һ·ħֱħ緢һ㣬ǿޱȣ˾̾
ħһ
˲䣬ħźƴħ֮һ»˱ʥΧĵת֡ʧȥĴ˽ǿȫƵת֣޵µһǰȴսȻһ֮䣬ĵתֱøԷڶˤԶ
һ֮ҶȴҲòʱ֣ͣ˼
һεħһͣ͵ԼҲоЩܲסĵزһΣֻȻܻɱǿУԼȴҲҪˡ
ҶףµԼ̫δʮ׶ħ֮ȴǳԽԼļ£ȻԴﵽ˵ЧһãȴҪֲĴˡףԼﵽʮ֮ǰħһΪ
ħ󷨿ٵתţħеĹҲҶһ³ȡ֮Уʹָ̻
ۼĵתֱԼħһҷɢѾʧȥȫȴתҶ֪ȴǴõ򲻿ɴʱһ½ħҪĵתȫסһħѹ
ĵת֣ȴ·Լӵһ㣬ۼħȻٴתҪٶȼһ𣬹ֵͬħһ
ҶĻᣬħʱһħ⣬ȻһйϢľħڡһֱӺȾۼһת֣һ½Ǻõշڶȫơ
ħֱӾת֣һ½סһħ֮Уޱħֱѹʹ֮ǰֻתһá
ּ䣬ħһֻõתתҲһ²סֻת֣˾ħһʱȴȫ׾ͱħ֮ڣѹ
Ȼȡֻת֣ǱϾ֮ŨصϢҶȴ޷׽֮ɢתΪԼķҪ¶ſɣһʱ䣬ȡȴƽҪֳһѹǡ
ֻת֣Ҷȴ¶ĵЦݡֻתǿޱȣһʼöԷ˽Լ֮ģһ룬ֻתһֻҲֻǽ֮ˣȴ޷ȡκһֻ
ֵ֣ȴһʾ޴ջʵһδա
ܽԷŽ׸ֻɱǸǴͭٴ˵
ҶĿһס˻䣬ʱӦһɼΣյϢһ֮ȡ˰˴תֵľǿߣ䱾ܵһֿ־֮УȴҶҶ㣬һ˻صλ˽׸ߣеλۣ׺ǱһܶԸλ֣ʲô㶼ɣ·һսҵ
λ˽׸ֶǵתֱҶȡȻп־壬־ȴҲתһ׺ƴһҧгݣ֪ձƴһս·ȴɢ˸ǿ
磬һ֣ޱһҪɳħ磬һ
Ҷȴһ½סɫ̧ͷңԶһλá
ҶʥĹ֮У˼ζʥźȴ۽һ㵽ΪʥźΪǶأ
һǴ𣬽ţһӰɶһͣڿУֶЦҶ㡣
ȴͭٴ棡
ͭٴۣˣ̧ͷſУһϲĻλȫӦսͭٴȻҶŲˣֻҪ˷ˣܶȫʤ
ۼͭٴеȴһ˿֮ġ
ȻۼҶǿͭٴ۵ǿȴУǿҶȴҲδؾͭٴ۵Ķ֡
Ҫ䰲ȴңǴҶ㿴棬һЦҲǳְЩʾҪά밲ˡۣһһսʤһѵѾõʥұۣԲҪϴεս𣿡
һڵ۽Ծ
ʲôȻͭٴһսָ£
Ҷ㾹Ȼô


437 սΣ
Ҷ˵Цˡ浭Цδʥұ֮ʱսƽ֣ʥұˣҶ֮ززҶӣȴ֪δõʥұۣȴԴȡЦңδʧ
ԴϬҶĳҶǵȻһЦ
·սĵֹͣԼͬظ˻صԼӪ֮УԵԴ
֮ǰӵҶ֣Ĵ֮£磬ռ֮£ȴͭٴ˴ƽ֡
ʱͭٴǰѹסţҶǿ˸󽫶Դ󽫣Ʊʱòͬ
ˣָֻ֮ǰͭٴ˶֮ʱľ棬ֻԭһλŽǿߣ뻪ԿٶλǿߣƺԷһս
ףֻҪͭٴǣסҶ㣬ôԷƾʵϵƣսʤԼһ
ÿλ۵Ķ¾һսֻ쳣ܷδ֪֮
ҶҲף֮ԲʥźĴ£ߣΪľͭٴһԾԵƽԼɱˣͷһ󻼡
Ҳòϣо޴Ϊܵ棬ȷʵʵ
쳣
λԭʱȴһᣬһߣʮλĽϴ۵ĶС˭۷̷֮Ӣ鵤ȻҶħ֮ñͻƼٽһʱʵֿһǶԿˣ
£ʮλõӢ鵤Ĵ۶һҶĿУֶһ־η
ǰ˽۷塣Ԫǰһվ˳
ҲǣʱվǿߣһĽǿߡ
ˣԭ⣬֪Ԫǰ˽۷壬ȴǰһŽǿ߷ͬСɣѾҶ㡢ͬʱٶһλŽǿߣôʵ
ʱеҶ㣬һ˹㣬ԪҴħ磬ʱٶһλŽ׸֣Щơ
Ҷ΢һͷһ֮ʱԪҾֱħ磬С
ۼҶ˾٣ȴֻ΢Цδֹ
ֹۣȴҶͬһ㣬۷ǿ߽֮ԪҽŽףǵһְ
ŶʱȴɶݣҶ㣬ͷҶȻǾŽ֮ȴŽǿߣֱʥ˲е
˴˱˴ˡҶһЦ۲ҲΪŽףȴͬǿߣʹǸĳΪĲ𣿡
ʵӦϧΪѣǵ˲Ŷԡ̾һҡͷϧϧ
˵֮䣬ȴǹâһʱӿһӨ㣬۳һ֮ӡǴӸ֮䣬ɢһǿ֮Ȼֱ͸ħ֮У˱ѹǰֻת֮ϡ
ҶΪȡҰֻת֣浭ЦֻתַͬСɣȴƾһ֮ɡǱͭٹ֮Ϲ֮ķΪԶ˥ҽ¶죬ʹָȴǼ˲õķ֮Уҹߵҵؾػ㽫ǶȡȴΪԼ˴
˵֮䣬ǰֻתʱҵȻʼħѹ֮һչҪʼת
ãħ֮еԪң˼̾ħǿ׳ۣǴİֻת֣ȴҪʩչҶѹ
۲õģҶһ֣ѰҺʵĵط̷Ӣ鵤ʼӪ֮ٶһλŽǿߣǱʵ
ǣԪҲΥæѰһطֱӢ鵤
ޱһֱ֣ӻعħ֮ڣɢħˮʹŨֻԪһϡ
ʱһħħ֮͸Ԫҵ壬ޡ
ʱĿ˸ȴͻȻ֡һţʱӨֱӻһֻ˪֣͵һҶ
ͬʱǰֻתȴתҪͻħѹֱ֮ħ֮зƻ
Ըޱһһ䣬ʱ˹ȥ֮䣬һħħ֮Ϊһ壬ֻתѹǲչƻ
ǣҶȫԿ棬֮һȭ˳ȥֱǱ֮ײһ𣬺Ȼ֮Уһ½Ǿƻƣ黯˷
һ𣬶֣ۼе˽֣ʱһȴָͭٴˣŷ˵Ӫɱ˹ȥ
ͭٴһȺʱ˶־һʱ磬һɱ
ԭ΢΢üۼԼһλּ룬ȴҲһЩģУָŷӭȥ
֣ʱһͭٴһȴռƣȴֳܷһԷӾֿ֧е档
ʱս˫ȭֱҶɱ˹ȭ磬һҶݺݴ
ЩȭӰ֮УһʥĹԣȴʹʥźȴӵһʥһˣָܣʼҪݻһֻơ
ҶоǾƳ֮ʣܷӳ춯صĻ֪ʱ뽫֮ƻƣȭƣȴҲ޿κΡ
ֻЩȭƣҲƴŰϼȭǾ֮ʹƣջǵǿߴʱȴֳչһɱȭ꣬ȴס
ҶĿ˸ܵĪв͵شУħӶݺݳ֮£ȭȫס
ʱȴɱдħ֮ϡЩɱУκһᱻҶɺһȴγһɿµħҲҡҡλΣȶ
УҶս·ս֣Ҳγһߵľơ֮УһλŽ׸֣һλ˽׸֣ˣһˣĽˣԷӪ֮УһλŽ׸ֻԭԿ֮⣬˽׸ȴλ֮࣬λ߽ףλףǿһ±㽫˹ѹס
ս֮Уλһ׵ķ˵ս֮вǿУ޶
Ҷһͽ֮Կңȴ벻֮΢Ц֮乥ƲͣӰҶľȴ͵ʴװɣ
ҶҲ͵غһħڣЩǿߵɱһײɢ˷ǰħ֮䣬һʥ֮֮䣬ݺݳ棬շһʥȭƣֱӴ
սǺҲ⣬ЦҶڲֶ֪֧أҿЩͽȴֲ֧̫ˣǱ֮Ҷһ˶ǿߣʱֻҶʮ۷壬ҲҪɴ˵ذɣ
˵֮䣬ȴִһǿޱȵֱħ֮Уʱǰֻתֵһ·ٻȮһȫҪͻơ
ʵ㣡ޱһȫ߶֮ٴνѹȥ
ӦתѹƣȴҲΪ⣬ֻǵһЦҶ㹥
ͬʱȴɢһȻٻԼгĽϵĴۣһ𷢻ӾҶ㣡
ʱЩ۲˷˳һ·˵Լһһ׵Ĵ͵س֣һɱеĺʱҶ


438 ʮ֮
ɱеĺҶ㲻òȫ
ħҺ޴ĹֱײǺ֮УƴȻΪ֮ҡȴһڶ
ʱЩֳɱǰס˷˵ĹƣЩһ׵Ĵۣȴͬʱ֣ٴδһҶһ˫
磡ޱȻħ֮УҲظӦĿ£ɫһ䣬Ҷ㡣
Ҫңסֻת֣Ҷһһʱħ⡣ɲ֮䣬ħϵĹâһ±üΪǿʢ·Ҫһ㡣һħħ㼯Ҷϣʹħңħݺᡣ
һһͶ֮䣬ħ֮·ʱѾΪħ֮һ㡣
̧֣ħʱħƣ͵һºݺݳӭһɱеĺһħ֮·ħңԶħһ³ֹ֣ɱ
һͬСɣֱӾʹɢɱкһɱУʣµǲһɱУҲǰţһʱ޷ǰ
Ŀһ漴ȴЦҶʹֻʱҪ˥ɣ
˥һЦҶ֮ڣһ˲ûþΪ޴Σͬ޴ı̼֮ͻȻ˱仯
һħȻ䱬𣬻һħľһħг
ȻɷΣյĹͷΪħһħӦĸ˲ʮף
һ˲Ҷ֮ʱľ޴͵ٳһһϴнݺݳʣµɱк֮ϣȻ֮һ¶
ˣħշ裬ͬΪһһ㣬͵һȴֳ档
ãڴʱͻȻҶ㲻ͷȴѾˡħ磬˲͵ǰȴֻʱӾִٵֵ
߱һֻʥۣʱȻδΣҲѹ˲࣬һ½ƻ˳ȥֱӵ˾ħһĺ֮Уħܾ赲һ±ҲʱѺۣһײ֮ơ
ʱľħȴͻȻһ͵һ½ħ⻯һħںоơǾӦ飬һɢħδֱӺ˺޷ϡ
ܰ淢һ֮̾ʣѾħУ˲䱻úɶһħʧԶ֮С
ħ֮УܵҶӰ죬ԪҲͻȻվ⣬̲סһХϢ֮仯ΪǳȴǳɹŽף
Ḷ́ȴҶ죬ҶǾ֮ʣϾȴѾʧ
̧˫֣ӦԪϲɢޱǿϢҶ㣬ԪͶأʩһ񣺡ǳԪңڴлҶ
ˡҶһ֣Ҫоɽ࣬ҶԿУ
ǣԪҹһҶּһŻԪʱݶּɢһӨĹ㣬ȴǾŽǿߵ֮Щ֮жʹ֮Ʊûڵϡ
۽ŽˣոӦԪҵϢͷһɾϲС
ԴŮʣڿ㲢սˣԪҴһ͵طǰһƻ֮ʣʱоӨ۳˾ƣֱ˶Էǿߡλ˽׸ֱ֣ӱһĵˤ˳ȥѪ
ã䲻üͷ
һ֮ױһںɣһȴ쵼磬һŽǿߡ
սʱ仯תۣͭٴһ˲ľսԭǿһʱ޷ȫӣһߣȴܣһӳʮλŽǿߴ£һеǰɱ
Ҷħ֮У۾Ӧı仯
ڣﵽޣʵı仯ӨĹߣռ֮֮ںһ壬γһǿޱȵһγɣڵ֮У·һֱͨͨ˲֪ңԶطǵطħֱӽ
ԼӦǲ֪֮أħӿţֻҪԸ⣬ʱħ֮ɹЩޱȵ
ʮֱ֮ӹͨħֱʹħ֮ˡ
ͷʮܡ
ͬʱҲԼӦһʥħ֮
ӡħʥ˻񣬶޷쵽ġħҲؽٵ˼䣬ֻһͨħħݹѡʿЩħٵعͨħþ޴һǰֱܴﵽʥ
ʥӡģʵЩͨۼеͨȫı䣬еһ֮ʹ˵ħħˣħٲɢۼκһ֮ȫħ⣬Ƿħʹ塣
ҲˣʥҪѰҵǱľ֮ųΪħʹ
ۼħϾ֮󣬱ʧһ㣬ֻʣȴһ֮ӦѭȴǺ¡ҵۼÿһľ֮ţ˷ħʹȴǲڶϾۼٳʥ˵Ŀܡ
Ҳ˵ʥ˼ȴһΪۼĴ¡
Ѿ֪ԼĴԲŻ⿪ͬʱܵطԼҶ㡣ҲˣҶſͻƣֱʮ֮
Ҷ㲻ѵʥ˵ȻôȻܴﵽ֮ã
ʱ˼ЩʱǱϸӦԼŹͨħеľ޴ħ֮ʱħһħɢޱħâʤڴǰ

Ҷ˫͵һħҲɢȴѾȫﵽ˳ʮף
磬ϲ㣡ޱҶ㣬ޱȼػš
ľЩìܣҶ˿ٵؽʮףﵽʮ۷壬ǳԽʮ׶ԶˡʱǷʥԼأ
뵽ǲԽ֮ޱףвһ˿Ȼ˻֮
Ҷǿ͸˼һ㣬΢΢һЦ
ޱģҾһ뿪һҷʥסҵĳŵҪѾ࣬һҪʥ򣡡
֣ص˵
㣡ޱ⣬һͷȴתٿҶ㣬ֻרָѹưֻתֵ
ԶλҶ൱ȴһ׵ǿߣԶ
ʱǰһƬѪۣȻҶһˡǵѪԲȥǰϵѪȴ޷
ͭٴۻˣͭٴû£ͭٴһһڴ۶һս
Ҷû뵽㾹Ȼڼս֮н濴Ҷ㣬ͷϧ㾹ȻʱңȻˣֻҲ˶ûɣҲ£һܴﵽʮ۷֮ϧֻﵽȹ֮ѣϧϧ
ƱǿҶЦһҲ֮١ˣֻѾǺɱڴˣʲôʮ׾繮ˡ
ȻʮףҲûʲô¡΢΢һЦ߼ǿߣһ˵㣬ʮ۷ҲҪӡҶոսҪڴˣǿϧ


439 
йâ䣬治ûҶĽ˸ǿĶ־Ҷħ֮УֱӸӦֻתֵľȴҲӵ˽⵽ı仯
һϵǿߡҶ㻺ͷʱ˾ʵԼ֮Уȴ˸ǿ
˵֮䣬̧һֻһۣ֮Уֱһͨħͨһħ˹
ɲǼ䣬һ˿⣬ֱӽֻǰһơһ˲ħ֮⣬ڿγһֻغװסľ޴ȭͷȥ
һȭޱǿħħ֮ࡣ
һȭȻγħ񣬵ȴħħֱӴޱ߾һλħԳֶԸ档
˸λ·ţǶ˰ɣҶ㾹Ȼڼս֮нʮףҵҪȫͭٴ۶ԸҶ㣬˻ˣҵȽԽ֮ذ
⻰ͭٴ֮ģ֪ʤĵ׽ǰˣԼһۿ¶ѣʱٵģǷ˵Ĵϴ
ƴˣһۣȻóƴľͷ
һȫƴȴַ治ЦҶһǿǿ㵱ȻҲȻ㲻һʵ˵ȷʵЩۣʮ۷壬Ҳ类ǻɱˡ㲻ҪΪΪʮףЩɳǣұʶǿ
ɲ֮䣬˵ĹһʧȴûִĹʡЩвסȴʹıҲýӲ·һ˲仯û
ͬʱϵʥâ֮ȴҲͻȻǣ
ʲôڵϴս֮ʣҲ̲ס̧ͷ죬ž档
ʱ棬·Ѿˣֻһȫڣвһ˿飬Ҳٿ˵һֻ֣͵һ̧֡
ʱͭ˵λۣӦһٻ֮Ȼ֪ڷǺֵؽԼɢȥȡ
Щתۼ۵УǺ޸ĿҶ㣬һ±㽫˳ȥ
˲䱻ϵʥâΧںϽɢʱ㻯һֻȭӭҶħ֮ȭײ˹ȥ
Ȼһ֮УϽλһȭȻֱӽҶ㷢ħ֮ȭƣ
һȭ±ڣƺֱӽҲ
Ǽ֮ȭ
˲䣬һȭħ֮ȭҶɽһѹ˹޴ѹ֮£ҶȻԶһħı֮УȴҲӦһֻٵΣաԼľȻԼ䷢仯еĸо
Ӱ
һüʱ֣ʥͷ­ɢޱߵʥ֮ľ
ͬʱ͵طȫǵͨħͨ󣬽һħħֱ֮ӽ˹ħ֮Сȫħ֣ħΧ֮ɢһХ˲ħ֮Ϊһ塣
һֻӦħ֮Լ壬Լ·ѾħеһԱħĵ
ƣ
УӨĹ˲䲼ħ磬ħ绯һĺЩħ֮⣬·𻯳һ֮ףħΧ˲̡
ȴı仯һģס
֮ϣħݺᣬħӿħ಻ϸʧ׳֣һħ֮ΧɢӦ޲սľ
Ҷ㵽ʲôˣſУһʱָս
УҶǰħ֮Īһӭֻ֮ȭҶ͵طķ֮ʣһȭݺݴػ֮ȭ֮ϡ
һѺۣʱԾȭܻ֮⴫ޱߵ֮ȭССħȭͷһ֮£Ȼѣһը
Ǿ޴ȴҲħ˺
ȭɲǣħѾҶоħΧıһ˲ȫ飬ħħ֮ȴҲݣǴﵽ˱ıԵ
Ǿȭը֮󣬾޴ǳֱӽħײ÷ɳ
סҶ㷢ȣƴȫҪħסȴħͬڿеĲҶһ㣬趯þòȶ
ò׽ħסҶɫȴɱѿΪѾӦħһħףȻѾѣ
һȭ֮£ħȭܽħҲƣ
ǽٳǿһټǽ֮תȻδʮǿһ㣬ͨٻҲﵽһЧ
ʮ۷ǿߣоĶҲֻĶӣ
ѵбҪճ
Ҷ㲻üͷ޴ѹ֮£ȴҲĶ־
ں֮ǽΪķ֮ǷħȴǾ˫ǿѵȲ壿
˲䣬Ҷзųһâ͵ؽ֮ɢħһʱ䶯ݣȴݻʮӰֱħзŷһڴ۶ȥ
λۣһǿУ
ÿһӰ֮ϣ˲䴫֮Сһ漴ԭԪλŽͷˡ
ҶƵУ˼ͬʱϾӿ䣬ǾħĻӰԼϡ
ΪֻǻӰħȴӰǵжȻԾ
ϵȴſ֮£ħĻӰֱӳȡħ֮У۵Ҷϡ
ҶƵУҲ
ٲԥʱſػξħĻӰסԼһֵȡȥ
һ۵ҶУʱЩһħʥټԼͬʱͨħͨǿħֱӴ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬ͻȻȻбΣա
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬ʱһ߶ȫħ硣õħħʱָˣøΪǿ
һħݺ֮ʣȴޱһߣڡ˲䣬һɢǿĺؽֻתѹסֻתȻǺޱȣǶ÷ֺʵڵϣ·ֻͨһ㡣
ڲĶƽϢħɢΪǿҶĿԶе棬͵һ´߶ħ֮ŶԷɶȥ
ޱ飬ȴ΢΢ضһ£ƺҲҶ仯ݡǶֻһ˲䣬漴΢΢һҲ˳ȥһȭͷʥȭ
һȭҶȴܣ͵ػȭͷӭȥ˲䣬ħ֮ȭԷʥȭӶײһ𣬱һҪľ޴죬֮УĽռŤһѺƾճ֣·ҲҪ֮˺ѡ
֮УҶȴü
ȻԼΪԷں֮ķԼһߵȴʵ̫ˡ֮£ԼⷽȻλŽ׸֣ȶԷһˣǸոսȻħ绹˵ȫȹ̡
ԷĻ䣬ȴǾھŽѾãȹ̵ǿߡ
λ˽ףλ߽ףλףʮλһ׵ǿߡ
Լһһ׵ҲϣҲֻʣʮˣȴֻжԷһǿһ벻
Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ֮£ҶһǿҲ޷սʤ档
ȭͷײ֮УħȭħףȴѾѺۣƺʱ顣


440 
ȻҶ˾֮֮һʹԼϾȴѵжԷǿһʱΣ֡
ʱһʥĹâȴԸһͻȻҫ𣬾ͻȻ֮д˿ռһ㣬üͻȻͻȻʥ֮УռһŻһӰһ̤С
ˣһۣŽף׷ĿͰէһһ߹Ĵߣϸ۾ͻޱȣ·ܽ˵Ҳһ㡣
Ȼ˾һ
һ֣ʱʥϢɢҶϢȴϤΪ֮ݡ
ʥźҲӵʥź
ߵĳ֣ҲΪ֮ϢҶԹλߡ
ڴˣľ֮ǲаߵͷ΢ЦĿҶϷߡ
Ǻˣ۾·һ˿֮⣬飬ȴ
ϷΰǺ͹ۣٺҲ߳һͷ
ΰǣҶʱŷұƵʹƵӡһλŽ״ۣҲΰˡ
ͭٹۣ档ָ֮ø࣬Űٺһ֡
λĸϵĴۣٺתҶ㣬ǹ
ۼǷڤˡҶ㹰һ񣬵һЦȴǴֻۣһλˡ
ٺ׵Ŀ͸һĨ֮ɫ漴ͷҶ֣ȻδƵۣɼ۱ʵ춯ˡ֪ʱһ
Ҷ΢ЦҲ͡
ԷΪԼиǿҲǻ£䲻׶Լ֡ĿǰΣһҲٶˣǱ֮֡
ʹǣ֮УȻǴʥұ֮İɣ䡣ҸӦʥ֮ӦѾһʥź㲻Ӧ̰ģҪõڶ
ʱϵҲԼֹͬͣ˫۸Ժ󳷣Ĵ䱸ضסͻȻֵĵ
ٺĿɨ·λۣ˲յ˫ǿȴǰ΢΢ͷ漴һЦǹǵĽзҶԣȴʥĹ֮ͨǵκһС˵ʥźǸһר֮֮߾֮
ô˵ʹҪʥұˣñ顣
Ҫᣬȴᡣٺ̹ȻԣȺ۹֮
˵꣬ȴתҶ㣬΢ЦƺҪ˵Щʲô£֮ʱһʥĹâƿһռ䣬һŻһλȫɢʥϢһ̤С
˲һתͷˡ
ˣͷƷ֮ڣ˿֯ףתĿ֮䣬ɨˣҶ΢΢һЦҶ㣬Υˡ
Ӱ֣Ҷ΢΢ü
ȴǵõʥۣҶսһľϴۣӰ֡
ʱҶܸӦϵʥϢ֮ΪǿңϾоڲӿҲѾȫʥ÷
ϸӦ֮£ҶȴɶݣΪӰֵϢȴоһԼµܴһֱͨͨңԶħ֮
ϲϴۣȻҲʮסҶ㻺ͷ
л⻹Ҫл㡣һҳܱζҲͨһУþҲҪϲҶ㣬ȻҲڶ̶ʱڴﵽʮ֮ϲɺءӰ΢΢һЦ˵֪֮һսܵĻ˭أ
Ǻˣ涢סӰ֣ʡ
ǣϹӰ֡ӰֻشλϺպͭٴ۰ɣ
涢ȴ𻰣ֻеɱȴԽԽŨҡӦɱ⣬ӰҲ΢΢üȫ䱸
ϴۣһᡣʱٺȴӰһ֣΢ЦΰǺ͹۰ٺס
һᡣӰָӦٺϢĿһǵͷ֣΢΢һ
һ֮䣬ȴͻȻһ䣬ͷͻȻâȻ׽ͻȻ׵Űٺ״˹ȥ
ɣҶĿһȻһȭ޴ȭһ֮ȭŹħ˹ȥһ½׽׽ھȭ֮ըȻȭҲҡβݣ䣬ɢ
Ӱ֣ٺ׵ɫ˲һ䣬Եü䡣ΪһۣӵʥźǿߣȻ͵Ϯ֮£
ʲôӰֺһǵһЦʥźǹĶǸеһսֻҪʤ֣ʥź伫
һ伫ٺһĿͶҶ㣬ȴ͸¶һĨм֮ɫ漴øΪ䣬Ӱ֡ȻˣҲㆪˣɱ˵
һŭ䣬ȴ͵һӰ֡
ۼ˲ҲٲԥʱҶ˹
תۼսһ𣬻ƴλۣŶԷӪչһʱ䣬ϵ¶սһţҵĻɽ
ս֮УҶͰٺ׵ɫȴɱøΪ
˵Ķ֣һǿں֮ռ˼˵ıظ֣һȴʥźʮ֮ǿˡ֮£ȴԴ˸Ϊֻ²֮Ҫܱ
ҶٺȴһҶʾãһ˹ҿѵ棬Ӱ㣬ֻҲҪԿ֣סȻ˼˵֮ΣҪ֪ʥźģʥźȴһҪƴǡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷʱӦãұһֻҪǻˣұа취һ뿪
ãٺһͷȻһȣȴһʥȡɢǿʥ֮Ѹٵٺ׵һӣһݻһߴޱȵĽ׳ħ񣬴֮ɱǰӱۺɨ䣬ӰӲرƵ÷Զ
Ҷ͵һħһâγɾħڣҺ֮£ҲƵ˿
ߣҶĿһɢݣͬһʱ֪˷еˡ漴һֱ֮Ƿɿħ硣׼ʱҲһ±㱻ħ罫ԼС
ٺ׸ӦҶɢȻоȣǷ˵ֿͶȥɲǼ䣬ֻǰһȴûײҶϣǽһӴС֮ССǹħҫħ⣬ħ֮УεΪ׳ۡ
ǡ˵Ĵһ㵵ػܡ
ڽɽɲǣҶԥֱӷɶݶȥ˲ѾңԶ֮ء
ʱüˣλؾšԴŮʺͳ۱ħ֮лɹѸҺʵĵطӢ鵤̷Ӣ鵤ٺħ֮Ų֮нĿܡ
һ˷֮⣬ҲΣæԴط
Ҷ˵ٿλŽǿߣٺȴɵɴ۾
ҶѵλŽǿߣ˾ܴﵽ˾磿Űıʡ
ȻˡԪȴȿڻӦҶӢ鵤ޱȣħ֮еǾѸ¼κ֪ʥأҪǿǧٱ
ٺײɾ̾


441 շת
ħԶݶȥս֮ϣӰȴü
Ҷ㲻սĸ󻼣ָҲɢַ֮⣬ȴԷ״̬֮У˻˵״̬
ۼ״̬仯ӰҲΪ֮ݣҶλǿ˿Ĳ̧һҾͭٴۣҶĳҶͷȻҶ˹ͬĵˣұ㲻ʱ֣˳׻ɱΣ
⣡滺ͷͻȻַ֮⣬漴һ֣һʱ·ͭٴеλۣЩ˿ӵֿԼԵ÷һͶ뵽Ϸ⴦ʧ
ȴǱ仯һռ䷨Ծ޴Ŀռ佫һ˶װ
ӰֲĽؿ棬һʹݷѰҶϢ׷˳ȥ˿˲缲׷׷֮ȴʧҶټ
ãüͷһ壬øҶ㣬Ȼʹ۷Ҷƭˣ
˵µЩϢǹʲ󣿡Ӱһü
Ȼˡ泤̾һϧһûܽɱδ֮УֻֽΪУҴ¡
ʱҶ㣬ʥĹ֮⡣
ӦûκϢ׷΢΢һ˰ٺס
ʹۡһҾȻΪʥźҶĳУȴҲΪʥźȴǾ֣֪кδ㣿
Ȼ㵱ʱ־ңΪһԼΣ֣׽ңȴҪҪл㡣ٺ˵Ǿ֣ʥ۵ӰǻûмҪƴɱȴδ̫ʥ֣ʥͷ­ѾʤߣܷѡҶԣе֮֮ܵǱ
۵˼ҶˡҶ㻺ͷʥź֮ʱٳֽ٣һδʥźǱһѡ
ٺˬʵشЦܣͷޣħȻһһķҲ˵乥֮ǿޱȣ˵⸨֮һҶܷҲһط
㡣ҶһЦ
áٺһͷɢޱߺѹֻתֵһ˼˵޹»ҪôĺôȴҲ˼ɣһ֮㽫˼ԭΣ
ȻáҶͷȴˡ
̸ϡٺһЦǽ׵Ļȴҡ֪ѾǾŽ۷壬ֻһСܽʮ׵ˣ˵編֮ʲô˲ܽʮףʱɾͳǿС
ҶЦˡ
ҲֻǴʵǿַǳ˰ˡ˵ʱǿһս˼ԴڵʵˡҶĳԡȻӵһʥźȴҷ뽫ܣȡʥźķѶ
Ҷ˿ʵ˵⻰ȷʵЩѿٺεһЦ
ʵʵ˵ѡҶһЦ
ʵ˵ȷʵٺٴħ磬Լˣȴڳ̾һ鼱֮£ȴûʲôѡأֱֻӸһߣȴǺ¡ӰһˣֻھҪΪˡȻ˵վüġǴͷǰ֮ʣȴƬ̼֪˭Ǿӣ˭Сˡ
ۻСķΪһǵȴʱٳأҶЦԡ
ٺһ漴εЦЦҶ˵Цˡ
˵ţȴǴǰޱߣҲ˵ʲôֻʱɢʥҲԼߣɢʥ֮⣬˰Χ
ʥ֮⣬̧֮Ө۳һֻ㣬طֱ֮кͻȻ͵һ²ǰֻת֮ϡ
ѽתֵѹסʱһ̤תȴȫȻûа㷴֮޴ֱ֮ϣǲֹһֻֻ죬ȴ·ڰһ㡣
ٺĿ̧֮䣬һֻ㱻۳ΣǷڰ֮Уٺݺݵزֻ̤㲻ϲ̧̧̤𡢲̤һǰֻת֮ϡ
޵ֿ֮ת֣֮£ɥʧȫʱޱֻ񴦴ѹϼ󼸺ȫʧʱָ֪񣬽һֻת֮С
磬Գˣоת֮ȻûǿȴһɹɲڵֿţʹԼȻԽУȴʼֻռĿռ䣬תַԼתҶ㣬
ҶĿһ䣬ʥͷ­ȴɵߣһɢޱߵʥͬʱʮͨ򿪣ֱӽħħԼ϶Ϊһһʥһ´ǰֻת֮С
Ҷ֣ޱ㽫˳ֻѹסת֡
ٺҲǾйתֻ֣֮סҶע֮
Ƭ֮䣬ǿ֮ת֮УҶ̾͸Ӧת֮һǿԼֵ΢΢һЦ棬ѵùħʥ˺϶Ϊһǿ𣿡
߶ȼУҶ֮͵ر߶ħʥһ𱬷޴֮һ±俪תֵĴţ͵سУ̺ǿ֮ȫݻ٣һ㲻ʣ
Ҷ㣬˳ұر֮
һ͵ҶԺ֮У仯þûص
ҵšҶ㵭һЦ֮һԺ֮ʱһƬȫɢһ
̧֮䣬ħйâʢһһҶĿ֮£ϵشת֮Уֻתٴ֮ٲư·Ұһ㣬һʮյС
֮Ҷ¶ĵЦݣͻȻһֻתʱɢһħ⣬һ·ڶڿУһ˹ΧֹͬŴתһ㡣
ˣޱϲͷ
ϲҶֵһǿޱȵķٺ΢Цͷǰֻɢǿת֣ȴĽ֮⡣
ʱ֪תжǿȴ˵Ҫæ涯ȴȻֻתʵѵõľҪϵȴǼΪѡѾ˵ΪһۣһϵǿߣȴٷڣҲֻӲͷƤƴæ
ʱԼľ޴󣬶ҶȴѴ֮ıȻһ˿ա
˵Ҳۣҡҡͷ󣬱㽫һ˿΢΢һЦҶҵĳŵѾ֣ڿ԰ĵһطˡ
˵ţݶȥһٵĵطħˮ֮
һսաʱԭ˹ѾŽףʱڲҲõͻƣ˵
ԪҲˣߵǰ̲סٴҶһ֣Ҷһٵһл
ԼˣҪ˼⡣ҶһЦ˰֡
û뵽澹Ȼǿ˵زԪҸ̾һȥȴδչʾǿҲÿֲ쳣Ȼܽȫɷӵ֮ôģ
һˣȻԽ˵Ҷ˵ҲǿսУҽĵ˾


442 ѹ
ħܿһ֮ء޷ֻ꣬ɫձأϣޱߵĲԭһ޼ʡ
ħ类ҶСЩҶ֮С
еİٺף̲סۣħϿͼʵҶδ㣿
ȴҶ㻺˵֪ǷӦʥı仯
Լоٺ˵ȴʱʱޣˡҶõźʥͷ­Ӵʥڣʥź仯ĸӦ˲ǸӦʲô仯
ƺʥĹ֮УҪͨˡҶһӦ˵
ͨٺһҳ˵вã˽ѵһʥĹ֮Уȴͨͨ𣿡
ޱͷǽʥĹڣȴĲͬ۽ڣҲǵĲͬɡ
ҵٺҡͷΪҵˣ֮ʱֻӦһڣֱӽ룬
ʥĹ֮УҲػ֮ͨźڵصͨҶ˵ҪôһʱƲػ֮ҪôһʱҲͨŻᵢôãȴٳûܵõʥȡе仯ͨҪ֣һټ׷ɱңȥͨ̽
ǱѰܸ֮ͨǰõʥȣȴٷ֮УٺĿһԼ͸һ˿˷ܡҶӵʥӦܱһҵͨŶԡ
ڣһͨСҶ˵
ǱãٺһͷһЦҶģҶʥźȻ죬ʱһȫԵΡʥźԵҶһõǱԵ֡ȻҲҶᡣ
£ʥź˵ɡҶ㵭һЦ
ħƶǰشԽһƬԭһ֮Сľ죬Ҷïȴ¹ҲȫסԳǿߵĿй٣ȴǰһƬڡ
ţн֮䣬ҶȴӦһϤϢɷӼĿħħߵʱǷȥ
ֻӵһ֮£ȴһӰϥһϢΧʾֵݡ
ĿƺʲôĹ֮ȴͻȻйâȻΧɷΧ
һʤѩòǿ֮ݣȴǱҶȥӥة
Ҷ㣬û뵽ɣңƵӥʹҳ˴δйζȴΪڶ̶ʱͻƣңѾָ˳ʮ׵ľ磬ٹ˶ãұʮ֮ͻƣʱҵȫָ۷ǿߣָǧǰȫʢڵ״̬ӽʥ˵Ĵڣ
ЦվһɫĹâ䣬ȴһɢ͵Ĺâ󻺻
ϧҷУȴԶȲӥǿ׿Ǿ޴̾һӥڣһָʮ۷֮ݻӥȴֻԻɣղܱ仯
ԽȴԽǺޣ̲סҧݺݵҶ㣬˳ҶȻҪ
η֣֮أкͼı
ʱһŮӵţһռĲУԭһ̤һռŻôֱӳةǰ
˼ľ룬ʮɣֱԭ֣ةŷǱɫ䣬һ°ڿ䱸ļƣʣʲôˣ
֮ͼı죬ȴʲôˣԭЦãұ㣬ԴŮʡأǺˣ
˭ø㡣ةЦһҲҪ˵ʲô֮ϣﲢǣʥĹǹϽ
ǿӲԭһú㲻˵ôҲֻöˡ
˵һ̧֣һɽȻԣ˲䣬ӨĹȥسΧݻһ޴׼ة
һССŽ֮ҲҶԿةЦӿȴʱֻ׳ޱȵ޾ţһһҷԣ͸޾ɱ֮⣬סԭǰ㲻סŵ棬ʱ׼
һͰʮ֮ʱԪȴһռ䲨УһȿռŻ˳һɢޱ߾ſžӨĹ㣬Ʈߣ˲۳һԾƣ׼ة
һة΢΢һˣǰô׵س֣ȴһҲδϢⲻӦ⡣
ѵʲôķɣˣӦúñʡѧķԽж൱
һ΢΢˱仯ֻţҲð
ȴ籩꽫ǰһ㣬ޱ߿ֲĻ֮һƲɵ
λֵܣĲˡʱһռ䲨ȴǰٺ״΢ЦԿռŻ˳ڵϸһվةǿȴ˿Ϊ
һλŽǿߣ
ة΢΢ü
ôˣôǿߴۻ᣿ЩһһϢǰʲôʲôļһǱ
뵽ةͷһԥȻ֡
ҹʲôˣǱ˭ҪϷˣߣһ˫ӣֻţʱ֮һǰͳ
ʱռ䲨ٴδȴаֻ޴תͻȻͻ޽ޣһ³ǰֻת֣Ũҵħħһ֣ٵתͷųޱǿ֮УͻȻһ·ֳӣΧסһֻţ˲չơ
ֻתһ³ֱӴֻţϣ֮ɵǿţֻüһҽУ㱻תĥ촷ۣɢڿС
˭Ӧת̺ľ޴ةҲɾһſȫǾı飬
ʣûﾹȻˣһ찲ŵԵ֣
ЦУħ֮һռŻ˳վةǰһǿޱȵףةȴŤ˵һ֣Ҷ㣿
ȻҡҶһЦ䣬ħࡣ
û뵽û뵽ة´Ҷ㣬ɫԽԽѿҶ㣬㾿ôģϴûжã㾹Ȼ˳ʮף
ʱ²ҲѾʮˣҶ˵
ЩˣةŰٺסԭԪˣֻһ󾪺ףϴҶʱҶ㻹ûôǿ֣ôͻȻ֮ͶλŽ׸֣
ֹЩҶЦЦһħ֮ʱ෴˴ۣһ¶˳Ҷԡ
⡭ةۼֳ֣ΧҶ㣬ȴɵɴ۾š
һӵħҶ㣬Ƕ֣Ҷ߻޷У
ҪѶ޿ܣ
Ҷ㣬ҷˣķˡ̾УةȴҡͷЦ൱ޱɳĮ֮г֮ʱŲһСɫȻɳΪĶ֣ǿߣΧ֣Ҫ˵ԵйǵֵһǴ´࣡Ҷ㣬˿սʤ
һ̾ȴҶ㹰һ񣺡۱룬ȴ۷ˣҶ㣬Ҳ߰ɣҲΪУֻһЩˡ
ٺסԭԪ˱˴˶ӣɶЦˡ
ҶҪγ֣Լ¶ôһ֣ãҪƣة֮УľȰܡ
ȴһ֮ȴЧȻʳ
һ仯ȴҶ֮⣬üͷ΢塣


443 ֮
ة˵ͷ֮ǧǰҲλһΧͻȻ£ȴֻ˵а̥
ϿȴĹޱȣİݷҶ㶯ħ֮ȴҲϵ
һǧķӡةȥۼҶѳɲ֮ˣڿһУ˳أ
ܾ֮ȴʧȥһõĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ةȴʮǿߡ
Ҷ뿴ͶߣԼ¼ɣȴ֮λһ˿ǣԼɶ֮ˡ
ۿةҶ㵭һЦа룺ҲһֿɡҲΪµһʥҲգ
áͷةⲢұ㣬ԼͶҡǿߣȻԸɣֻ¸ʹƣݹҳ顣
Ȼة̾һʱҲҲΪһʣȴҲòҶүա
˵ţʩһ
Ҷһֻ֣ת
ѾӦͨʥĹͨ򿪣Ҫȥةʹһħ֮УǿУ뷢ҡ˵
ǡةһͷҶԾԼħ֮ڡ䣬ʹ˿ֵǷҶɱֻҪһʱǡ
ѵȴģ
Ҷϸϸ˼ȴǰһЦ
˶ħ֮кҶħһ·˳ϢָԶȥ˷һ֮󣬵һԨ֮ǰԨ֮Уȴһвϵתţǿػ֮ʱػ֮ڲȻٶȺԽԽȴʵ顣
ҶӦһ£ʱ֪ػ֮ԶԶħ˺һͷλǾҪʥĹ㣬ҸСģ
˵ţ߶ħжȥ
ʱةȴһ˿Ĺâ΢͵һȶ֮䣬ͬһ˲ޱߣЦӿһһ½ޱס
֣ޱʺȥ۾Ҷ㣬ЦҶ㣬ҹԹԹ£
ڴʱޱȴһ˿ɱ⣬䣬ԭҰе͵һ·ɳ֮䣬ɢһ»ة
ô£ةһԼϤӥ֮ȴӲæˡ
ةû뵽ɣҶ㵭һЦħǰȴ֪ͨħˣҪСķšֻû뵽㾹ȻǶҳ֣ȴޱ֣ǿɶ
㡭㽫ҵӥ˱ķةһʹ
Ҷ㻺ͷҽ֮ޱеķںϣ˸ǿԭȴֹף֪θ룿
Ҷ㣬Ҫ⡣ة¶飬ǿ󣬵ǽħ֮ħ֮Уȴ㣡ұ㿴ҵħڲƻҲʧȥζ
˵ţȫӿݣȴʱҪˡ
ħ֮Уһ˶ŭΧҶȴһ֣ʾ˲ó֮˵ɱ⡣
ȻҶޱ֣Լдһսħة֮Ҳɴ˸¡
˲䣬Ҷ㽫һӣʮǿ߲ܴ򿪵ͨʱͨһ޴ħңԶħ֮дҶ֮ں֮һԻһߴħ
ʥ伶ʿʵݻɣŽǿߣ֮ΪȴѾһ˿ϢȴԲǿ֮仯ɡ
ʮǿߣȴֱӽħ֮ڵħ֮ʹԻȻʥ伶ŽǿԻħһ㣬ȴʵĲͬ
ħɵħʿħ֮ڣħٻ
һħȴҶħеһλĿħħһбųһĺ⣬ڷةӦǺСȻڱħ֮ͽǰΪձħ㽫㳹ѹ
ܣةɴ۾Ҷ㣬ֻǳ볬ʮף̶ѣôܷӳʮ۷ֱٻʵ壡
ʮ۷֮𣿡Ҷ˵ͷһЦҲΪŭǿһʱ˹ͨħˡʣҲ˵Ѿ˥ܵ˼㣬ɣ
һЦȡ֮ȴǱı飬ɱ⾡¶֮ʣһħʱһǰſֱةץ˹ȥ
ɱة֮ɫ㲢ֻһʿĽ壡Ȼ֮ȴܵƺ˼кο£ҽɱ
ؽţȫӿͬ󺣲ΰžӨ֮ѸٵݻһſڷХһħȥҪħסצ˺ѡ
ħȴֻǷһЦ˵СȻӱħұ㳢ޱʹ࣬ζɣ
δ䣬ħѾӾֻһ̧֣ϱʱѿһռĴӣŵǴһ³طϣǾŰΧϣͬһ㽫ס
ǾХˣʤȴͬˮһ㲻ӿڽŹס֮ŰĿռѿ֮Уת۳û
⡭ةšѾ֣λħȴȫĿǣԼǿǰҲֽϻһ㣬һͱƣ
ӣҪӣ
Ժһ֮ʣʱݺҧһͻȻ黯ۣ˷ȥȴӰһתʱҪʹݷߡ
ةħ֮УȥɣҶЦһҲةڱһ֣ʱħ֮ħħʢħǷһ½ةеȥ·
ħɢ֮䣬޿ռȴȫգةηû취ʹݷӳµħ硣
ӣħЦŴǰһץ䣬ʱ֮۳һžƣͬһžһ㣬ةסһ±ħ
ةشţвţѾﵽʮ۷ǿߣֻһܷʥĻʵۣôһССУҶ㣬бңȫָһսʱܽһܣұ㴦ãΪūΪҲ޲ɣҶ㣬ɸҴӦ
ΪҪӦҶһ㷽Ƕҳ֣һһ档ޱ֣˱޳ܣȴ㣡
ԲةħһȴǱ顣ֻ֣һ½ةץסޱ߾ʱةڣةɷһ˺ѷεĴУҪҪҵԭҰҪҵľҵɣɱɣ
ħЦǽԶòİϢ
˲䣬һħةڣةʱã
ȴԭҰȫľȫ飡
ʱةȻȻţȴѾûԼ־һߵĿܣһŵľż
һħةڣԭҰָ嶯ħħȴΪˣȻάԼΣڶ֮лƮɢ


444 ʿ
ħʧةֱˤϡأɵһշתΣڵ档
վûκα飬Ҳ޹⣬ֻ̧ͷҶ֮ʣвһâ
漴Ȼϥ¹ڵأſ˵ūةݼˣ
ˣһ漴Цǣʽȴͬˣϲˣһλǿūͣ
е˾ȵؿһĻһȴɫףԼЩ¡Ҷ˲һЦλõġǵۼǧǰʣҲǵۼ½塣ҷٻģרſħ˲ܽ־顣Ƕˣȴ޷
ɫ΢΢ͣǷ죬ȴͬӰҶǰةȴⶼип
Ĺˣޱ˹شة
ġҶҡͷ˵ʱѾûˡħѾԭҰʧľѾһ߿ܣֻǼ߰ˡ
ô˵ȴǻ˵ˡޱ˵ͷ
Ҷ˵
漴һ֣ةħ֮ħħˮ֮ȡմﵽʮ۷塣
ǣةһ̱Ѱ֮
ʮǿΪūԭةɵò̾Ҷ·κһϣֻǿǿҲ붼ɣ
֮ϣѵûħ֮ˣҶһЦ
СԪ˵Ҳ֪ȴֻ崫˵塣
Ȥǡ崫˵֮УҲἰǧǰһսʱͻȻʲô̿ڡة˵ǧǰĻߣǷʲôɺϣ
᲻ǧǰһʥźսΪһ壬·ǿƼһɱޱͻȻ˵
ҲֿܡͷˣǧǰһսûӮҡΪʥźֽ֮ϡ
ҲһҶһЦ֮꣬Ҳٷһѡǧʱôʥźĳ˽ѵһֱ˺ҲбʣǺ֮ǿ֮ʹʥźٶȳʥĹ֮Ҳ˵
пܰյͷ
ˡҶһ֣ǧ޹أҪģȴǽǰʥźõ֡˵޷õҲ˵õ
ûһǵĴۣͬʱͷ
δʥźǿٵõʥźôöô£ʱЩ߲ҪֻҲⲻ˸꣬ʱֻҪͿ̿
ة֮£Ҷʱ߶ħ֮šڣػ֮ͬʵһиħ磬ȴƲֻħУһͻƶһ֮С
磬ȴֲͬڷ¹⺮ҹ磬Ǻո߹ɢ֮⣬һƬҰɽ硣¶ȼߣлУֻ²ϸ۲磬Ҫ̱ճɻҽ
֮УҪرԼȴ޿ܣΪǿҲ벻Ϸγɻ֮ȵдȥ
Ҷ˵ħȴޱǿıħиһӦȣħĻ֮תʱ硣
ʥĹ𣿡ԭħеͼ磬̲סʵ
Ҳδ֪Ҷ˵ʥϢŨһЩҲʮǿ󡣶ϢȣȴѰԴͷȷеλá
˵ҲֻʥĹеһѡٺ˵
пܡҶͷ
ħʥĹ֮ʣʥĹһ¹⺮ҹһطȴͻȻӿһľ޴һ޴ĵԴͷ֮ɢǿϢΧĻľȫɣγһ޴Ŀտش
ǵۼǿڤá
ʱڴڣ־ػ¦ǣУеɢһ㡣ĲԼѭһصĹɣÿ̤һһĲɣȻٵرա
һڴвϵȷڣͬ󺣷籩
ڴǾ޴Ĺ֮ϣ¦ȵλɢһӨĹâǹâ֮ϣһλλׯϵ¦Ӣ顣ŵâϵΧɢõ֮С
ģڴõ֮У¦ǵĽŲ𶯣ȴ۳һǹꪴƮڿУһҫűĺâ
Щ¦ǵĲڿƶţһȴγһߴΡɵΣһʼֻв֮󣬱¦ǵĲȴһȦһȦ¦
֮εĲѾ¦һ޶·¦ǵӰһ㣬ͣͣ
ʱˡ¦΢΢ͷ˹ǰЩɢӢ飬΢΢һЦ
λ棬˵ΪҪŮأʡ
漴ԼǱҪȥҪԼѪڶϾ¸ĸΪŮľϧԼҲҪȫŮ
Ŀһ䣬סЩӢ飬ȴԽѵĿ˵λԼĺȴЩʲôȻʩƣʹ˲òطԲжӦΪ֮£ֻƾ˵㣬Ǳ㱾¦֮棬Ҳعǣ
֮䣬Ǿ޴λ˹֮ǰȻһץȻеӢ鶼ץУһš
ЩӢ鲻סа¦ȴʹȻˣν֮ȫһԲٲϼ֮Сѹһ衣
Ҷ㣬ţ֮ұҪȡ¦͸һĨĹâнǵ˹һС
ɲ֮䣬һ֮ɾӨ㻯˷ĺ¦ǵٵתػһ֮Сߣÿһǲգн¦ȫ˹֮󣬲һȫ
ںϣһһ֣αʱһײһ
ײ˲䣬һâյôô֮һƬããʲôҲ塣âʧ֮󣬵ȴѾΣֻ¦Ǿվ봦
ʱȫָԼԭΣһľ磬ɢǿϢ
ɹˣڳɹˣ̧˫ۣԼ壬ЦĥѣµһãҲָҵ֮
ЦУطһǹ֮ϣһ㽫еλ÷飬һ֣һʱЩ΢ȫߣһ˿һ
õǣҲذϢˡЦţķڤĵۼǣ㽫¦ǵ£ҽɨǣһеĺôշʥʥ֮УཫΪĿǿߣʲôҶ㣬֣
˵֮䣬ȴһ𣬷·ӵеļҶжô¡
ȴҲ뵽ħ硣
ڣҲ޷ԳΪµһҶڣ¦Ҳ޷ɨ¡
Ҷ㣬еĿǣȴҲǴҷܽĶЦšڵѾͬסգںһ壬֮ȴʱ׽ĶѾʥĹ㣬ｫǿ߽롢䣬ձҲһɣ
Ц䣬һ


445 õʥ
Ҷħ缲ȵʥĹ֮УȴͻȻоһ󲻰
һΣյĸоĳͬһ˿ȻδожҲ类մһ㣬ǲ
Լ䣬ȴʥáʥĹ֮ڣʥźɢĲ֮Щ֮ȻΪʥӦӰ쵽ӵߡ
Ҷ㿴˿ٺףԷȴֻһȻδӦκΣϢ
ô˵ΣȴרҶˣ
Ҷһ˼ϸӦȴԼΣϢ֮Уһ˿⡣Ǻ಻·Ҷкһ
ɵȻһЦ
˺֮ˣֻֻһˡδݣ׶϶Ƿ㡣޷ұӭȥҿ㵽˭
λ֮һɢħ˵֮С
ֻ֮»һս˿һˣڴҲٸκλᡣһȫֽɱλʱһ֮ж֮ʣȴҪҺ¡
ŰţħȴԽԽ죬˲ʧڴ˵أԶ
֮ħһƬɽشʱΧռ֮ͻȻӿһţһ֮ݺͬһһ½ħС
һؼ𣺡Ҷ㣬û뵽һڴɣ
ȻħеҶ㵭һЦ˵βһͷ¶βȴʧүݡ
Ȼ䣬һ޿ռ䱻ֱײƣƬɢ䣬ΰׯϵķڤһ޿ռз˳ҶǰԶ
¦ǵЦԴдصΧĿռ֮С
Ҷ㣬ҪװȻˣϵڴ
𣿻δ̫ˡҶһЦ
⸱ģˡ¦һҶ㣬װһжȻأȡħȷʵǿޱȣһ֮ǿķǵ˫ĵһˣƾⷨǿҲȲãΪòǿж֮ܣƾŴõ֪٣ؾ֮·
Ҷ㲻һþȻֲԱΪµһܶϤ±һ׼ȴս޲ʤˡ¦УҲδܷӳȫɣ¦ô᲻֪ҿƾʥӦʥĹ֮΢ı仯
˵˵ӵʥͷ­Ҳʥƾȴ׵ظӦʥĹ֮Ϣ仯֮ǰұѾӦϢ⣬Ѿͬ㡣Ҳи˽ᣬ˲ǰ
˵ˣ¦ǲмǱ;ȴǿװ򶨣ǿЦˣҾͰ˺߰ɣ
˵ţһ֮ͻȻԴȴֱըɢΧ˷ٵݻ仯˳ǧѷޱȵһ½ħΧ
ɱ¦ǱΧħǧһħ缯ײһһѰѴ󵶣һź⣬ȴԶʤǧ
ЩǼ򵥵֮һׯޱȵϢҪϢǵİЩһͷ·ǧµľһһ㣬֮κ
Ȼгǧ֮࣬ʵˡ
һеͻȻһȴǰٺͻȻħз֮СΧǧ΢΢ͷ֮ʣ͵һ֣һʥƾճߣɢޱʥ֮Ϊһ塣Ƶһһʱﴫǲ֮дʥϣ֮϶ΪһȴһŴһϯķеС
Уٺ׽͵һӣȴǺݺײΧħؾ֮ϣӲ
ʥźŽ׸֣¦ۿٺħзɳɾһҶ㣬ʲôʱ£
ҲҴ˾ϲ𣿡ҶһЦҲδϵôͳװ־壬Լȫ˴õΪҴϲʧ񣿽һ£λΰǵһǿߺʹۡ
ٺ׿ŴãһЦλʲôүԵһҲñ֪⽫֮ˣģɡ
Ҷ㡣¦ҧݣ֮սб±㲻Ҫ֡
ðҶ΢΢ͷͻȻһֻ̧֣תʱתһһ·ɳħ磬Χħ֮ٵֻ֣ͬʱɢޱ߾ȴ¦ǵɫٴһ䡣
ֻת֣ϹȻ˥ߣ֮´ȴѾָֻΪǿԼ˵֮͸ʹãȴʹתֵۿۣ˲ױҶȡ
ֻתУ˵ȡֻҶħ֮һսĻȴҪжֻתֶܱ
ֻת䵽Ҷħħȴʤ֮ǰһ֣ʱޱħΪһ壬ϯԶأ·Ҫ绯һħһ㡣
¦ɫܲ䣿
ֻ֣Ϊת֡Ҷ㻺˵Ӧû˵ΪⲢǵۼ֮ԹԽǶᵽк󣬻δǵգ뻳֤һǵΰɡ
һ֮䣬ֻתʱӷת˵죬ȴ·ǰλһ
ҵתţһԵͻȻһתԲͬĽǶŴײȥ
һͬСɡҪ˵תֱתķ籩׽һλǿ߽ʵ÷ǣ
Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ̫⣡Ϊһλǿ߰˼ұ㣿ձ֪ڣ֪¦¦Ƿһڴ͵һơ
һƻȻһʥĹԣǹâȴҶ㡢ٺϵϢͬϢ
˲һڴΧĿ趯ȴͻȻݻ˰ٱЩÿһʽޱȵķڤһ޶һ֮ͬʣʱһϢ·Ǳڤǿ߻˹꣬ڿǻһ㡣
ٱ˲һԲĴһ·ֱӵס˰ֻתֵĹתڽ֮УȻƴ˸൱¡
Ҷ㻺ͷǴõ𣿲ǲһЩƵĻ򡣡
˵ţйâһħʱɢħ֧Ԯֻת֡תתٶʱҲΪǿһħзתһѰѾֵľ⣬иǽ
һʱ䣬йң
ǲ¦ǷЦҶ㣬Ҳŷ㾹Ȼڶ̶ʱԽףɾʮ֮ʵ˵㲻ǵۼϲţֻǡããʥͳУ˲õţֻϧȴҪˣ
ǵЦ֮УͻȻ䣬ȻһʥĹâ¦ֶһʥޱȵұۣȴǹâи֣
˲䣬ǿʥϢֱдֱӱҶͰٺӦ˲һͬɫ
ʥźôȻʥź


446 ʥұ
Ц˷˵⣬˵޼ɵһλƽʱ侲ɽүʱȴڽѹֶȫ汩չֳԼΪͷһ档
Ҷ㣬״õ˵ǿߣһ·ֻΪõʥź֮йǿʥұۣȴ֪ʥĹ֮Ŵ󿪺󲻾ãѾҵУƾʥұ֮Ҳȫմãܹͨʥ֮ﵽ磡
ʥұۣٺһľ㵣ôܣǿ߶ûܵõôѽʥұ۵õУˣôδӦ
һ˵һҶ㡣
ħһɱθй١ҶɫأŶĴáҲҲƵֻǸΪǿ¦ǷŲǻ˵ÿԶģôпô֮ʥź׼ȷλúͻ֮ʥź֮󣬾ôõɱ֮ʹˡӵʥźߣ޷Ӧʥұ۵ı仯
¼侹Ȼķٺвһ˿η
ѹΪµһҶ˴õǿ󣬷Ե̾
˭ϵһʥźйǿұۣû䵽˫Уû䵽κһλѾӵʥźĴУȴ䵽¦ǵУ
Ӱ֪õһ˳ӣڵΪǣҶ㣬ȫ¦ǡ
ԴӿʼѰʥźǱӶǿߣȴǽ¦ˡޱɸ̾¦ʵҲ֮Ĵ۰ɡ
ʱֻתѾȫͻ˴õĽ󣬴Źֱ֮Ŵײȥ
΢¦ǻҡͷߵʥұʱɢһʥĹԣǹԽ˳崫˴֮СʱҲӵʥ֮⣬ǻΪһ㣬ǿޱȡ
ԴУ˲ַ֮ݻ˰ٱ޸һǰɳһ󣬵˰ֻת֮С븫ݺײһʱ㱬Ȼ죬ʮֱ֮ѷɢתȴҲת֮ȫңһֱӵ˳ȥ
ȻҶһͷ֮䣬ħݳȥת֮УǵԻָڿתһ·ǰӭҶĸ󳹵׻ɢ󣬿ٻصħԣΧݣħлָת֮ơ
ٺײüͷõ֮ǿԶ󣬶ʱٵõʥұ۵ɵٺ׸оҶֻתֻ֣֣һ֮±㲻ƽֵľ棬תֱɣԼʱǸΧ
Ҷ㣬֮еõĪĺôһĽ¦˵ǿҲвʵҲãҵɲӵҲã¶û뵽һմõһ˿ʵұܻΪΪӮҰɣ
Ӯңٺ׺һҲǵõʥźеһѡ
ˣʥұۡ¦ǲ޵˵ʥźйǿһƾ֮ҸҪʲôʥͷ­ÿź֮ʱѡʱЩźһ֣ûκ˿赲
¦ǣҪ˵̫Ҷ˵õȷʵǿޱȣϧȴûɣ
Σ¦ǲмջɱ㣬õʥͷ­ʱôҺ϶Ϊһ
⵹ҲҪ˵ĻҶһЦ¦ǣҽձҪΪҸѩޣ
֮䣬ħһĹ⻪ħͬһɢһħ⡣ħ׹ħڣճ֮ʣֱӽ޿ռ÷顣
ʱڴ˵ʩչݷȴǾ޿ܣΪѾûκһ޿ռɹʹã
ӿϢħ֮ħŴֱӳȥһʱ䣬ȫħҫۡٺҲ΢΢ĿԶԶ˿ֵ߽սϾ
¦ȻſԣҶȫһȴһҲҴ⡣ۼħݺᣬȴںΪǹӰ첻ӾýеĹ⵲⣬ȴѹе󴫵С
ؿħƶ˲䷢֮£ʥұһǰһơ
һƴ˲仯һ֮ԴгХȴֱײħڴΧ
ڴʱӨ֣˲ﻯЩһ֣ʱڿϳǾ޴Σ֮ʱϣԼһ֮ס
һУǵʯ䷢֮£ʱħոԽңԶ룬鵽ǰ
ηһһʥ֮һ̤֮Уǰȥֻȭ͵ǰʱһޱȭ꣬·Ҫ綼һ㣬ֱײ˾ħ
Уȭ꾹ȻħֱӴ𶯵ȻȭҲһ֮ɣµĳȴǱֱǰֱҶ
ҶĿأޱһͷޱʱ⣬ԭҰзųһ·䵽ħ֮⡣֮䣬һɢͬưӴĺֱӻһֻӥȭײ˹ȥ
Уը֮ǾӥȭֱӴĺȭҲӥ֮ȫ
ȴ֣ͣĿӴã͵һ˵һֻֻȭŴú
˲Ҷﺮһ䣬η˹ȥħ֮ȭ޴ȭֻܻȭͷ
ȴħ֮ȭħ֮ȭħ֮ȭȭУңԶħеǿħħԼٵ˼䣬Ҷһ㣬Ҷһȭλȥ
δһȭͷ趯꣬ηҶӭȭһħ֮ȭײһħ֮ȭҲʱų޴Ȼ֮Уֱӽδúɳȥ
Ҷȴּ֣ͣ䣬ħŴúݺݳȥȴҪ򣬶;һ٣ħҫ֮䣬һǾħڡһڴ֮ʱҶȴѾ׷ǷɳȥΣ˫ȭսħȥ
Ӧδ󲻼򵥣Ȼֻ۶ɣȴһԼܼʱϹȥǴ󻼡
Ҳ򵥣ҶĹƣȴǿٷڿȶס̧һȭֱ˹ȥȴǴһ֮޷׹һɵĸо
һȭ֮ʣȴ֮ɽ֮״Ҷ㵱ͷ¡
Ҷȴȭ䣬ֻתֱַӵһȭҳɽ壬Ҷȴͳǰνȭȫε֮ϣҵ𵴣պ˲ֹ
뽫Ӣսƣ¦һһʥұ֮һƣħںסһɢһõΡҲеӢսȥ
һõжǿڴʱٺȴͻȻһǰ̧֮䣬ʥɢʥ⣬һȭбʱһֻʥľ㣬Ŵúݺȥ
¦һü
ԷϾǾŽ۷ǿߣʥźȴ޷һ߷֧ԮӢսһٺ׽ҲֻջȫԿٺס
λ֣Ҷһ䣬ħǿ߷ǿܵշʱħзһŴùȥ
ܷߣȴħɢǿ
ħʱջħ֮ڣݻӰһϣʱɢȡ


447 ʥұ
˲֮Ҷ㣬ʱħħ⣬ħںϣħذתۼ侭һħס
ǰҶӶ˫ȭһʱȭ󺣲һϲش˳ȥȫӢսȭӢսסʹֻԼӲƴ
ӢսҲǿһеȭ֮УȴҲ֣һ󳱣ӭȭƻȥԼ˫ȭγһȭ꣬Ҷȭײ
ײ֮һʱ쳹ա
ײ֮УҶȴռϷ硣ȭƲס仯һ󣬶Ӣսȭ귶ΧȴСЩ󳱣ҲȫҶȭƻ
ҶԽսԽ£ͻȻһȣһɢޱߵĹâֱԹ⽫ӢսǹâʵʣһӢսס޷ѡ
ӢսɷһĴϵĹ֮ͻȻٻɹ֮һ䣬ȴеĹϡ
ǹָ֮֮Σ°ӢսϣҶȴѾһ嵽Ľǰһȭ֮ʣħݻһȭͷȴǺħ֮ȭ
ħ֮ȭܻϣССһʲô
һͳϵ漴Ǿȭһ´ڹ֮ϣǾȻ㷴ĻᶼûУ㱻ȭͷֱӴɢĹ㣬·̻ʮ׳Ѥ
һȭ֮ҶǰתӢսǰӢս񷢳𣬻ȭҶȴʼҶһ
һȭֱħȫֻһȭ㽫Ӣսȭͷ÷飬ȭƼǰ֮ʣӢս֮ѣһɢ飡
ʱһʥ֮ȴԴзһķѵ֫ϡ˲Щɵ֫ٴɢһǿȻ󵱿շϣƬ̼侹ȻֺϳһµӢս񡣶Щʥ֮⣬ȴ۳µĹ֮׸Ӣսϡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһ֣ħӢսжһϡʱڳзɢħǷӢҪӢսȡ
ʥ֮ףȴ·һȻħùĽȴܱӢսȡ
ܳȡӢսҾȽٶȴ򱬣Ȼɣ
Ҷкһħ裬·𻯳һԵһ㡣һתӢսУϵǿħ⣬һС͵ľħڣϵӢս
֮УӢսסȭֵȴ˷С;ħȫסһʱ䣬һСǧٿףҲ̶á
¦ǣ㲻ȫ˴𣿲ѾԶΪȴûӢսȫҵĶ֣ҶЦȴҪ̼¦ǵľӰٺ׺
һʱռϷ磬ʲô¦һ
ãұۿӢսɣҶһħ͵һգһ½ӢսزӢս񷢳һʩʼƽ׻ָɾԼѣѾ𲻿Ȼһ»ָ仯˾ȴҲ֫ϣһ±㱻ħɱ
Ӣսϣ޴һ±ҪӢսϵȫħڡ
ӦΣգӢսȴٴη͵طһصĴУɢȻֱӻһ֣Ӳؽħ
ô˻趯ȭͷ͵غһ޴ޱȵȭơ
ı䲻ˡҶ΢΢ҡͷħɢ޴ħ֮ʱ˱仯һħףͬһħħԴͷѶУҫھħ֮ϡһ纣ħǿٵӣȫ
϶Ϊһ˲ǻ֮ϣһУǼʵĻһķѣըƬħֱӽӢսȭһħħȫʱȭƷ顣
ǿľħһ±㽫Ӣս޴ݺסӢսȴһѺۣ֮˳ЩѺ۷ɳȫħɡȡ
ú⣡
ͻȻ䣬¦Ƿһڴȫ֡ʥұ۵ĹԣȫУһŴ֮ʱ۳һޱۣ֮ɱУγһƬɽƣȻһ½ٺˡ
Ǿޱ͵صһתʱűħסӢսȥ
ҪҶһЦԸ
˲䣬ħʥӭһޱۡһҶޱߵħ⣬˲佫ͨħͨ޴ħħֱӽ¡Щħͬħһ£ʱһذħ֮ϣһסͬǧħһҶһ㡣
ʥұΣƣ
УҶһȭӳ
һȭ֮ħ·ħħһͬһһȭһ㡣
ȭײʱķ
޴ɢٺһͬԶɶȥֻΪӱǿޱȵײ
Ϊ֮ҡΧΧ޿ռһͬ𣬷·ĩս١
ײ֮ʥұ۲ûɢǵҶһһСȭڿнҵزţǸʹҪսԷһٷ顣ʱ˭һ˭Ƿǵ³
¦ǣôȴû㵽Ӣսñҵľħ𣿡֮УҶԲԷľЦ㽫ӢսȡתħĶ֮ƣ
˵ţħ͵һգȴǼӿ˳ȡٶȣӢս֮ͬһ಻ر˾ħڣٴħ磬׳ӢսȴһССɡ
˲䣬Ҷ˾޴֮ʱΰħ⡣ħͨһһħֱӴݻһλߴħǺħһֱ㷢֮뱾ħͽΪУҿħɱ㣡
˫ȭ޴ħݺἤһȭ֮ͬһ㣬Ȼʥұ֮ϡ
ħ֮Ӣս֮кħ֮һ𱬷ʥұ֧ţһѺۡѺͬڱߣٵһ壬һޱϱ㲻Ƭɢڲ֮УڳܲסǾ޴ѹһ·飡
⡭ôܷӳʮ۷¦ڴвɷ
һ˲䣬һ˿ɻҶѵҵĿǣΪҵõʥұۣĪ֮󣬾Ȼûа취ѵһɱȴҪɱɣ
ϸˣΪѾ٣һúٺǷɵǰȭһʥŴúݺݲ̤
Ҷ㣬͵һ½ӢսȫȡͬһһŴüɶ󣬻һĺħ
һ˲䣬һʳ¦ǵԺ֮Уеһ󾪻š
Ǳǡ䣡
ʥұۣȫɣ鼱֮£һ̧֣ʥұƣɳ˴֮⣬ɢһʥĹâһ½֮γһ޴ֱۣҶ
ʥұȻ㵽֮ȴֻںáҶ˵ʹãȴе֣
Уħһ½ʥұסħǰ˫ȭ䣬͵غһϡ
ͬʱ֮ٺ֮ͬʱʥұ֮ϣ


448 ǿ
ϵˣֻǶԸ¦ǱѾȥ˴󲿷ħ֮ٺ׵ʥ˾Ĺͬʱ֮£ȴûԿħ
ħɢȴʥұ۲סʥͷ­ʱҶ֮£ȴɢһٻȴҪʥұ۷ֱֿӻҶħ֮С
һʱ䣬ʥұнжϵ֮ơ
Ը
ʱһӰȴͻȻԶռͬһ㣬˲͵˽ǰ
ȴһͭɫľ޴ս쳣ֳϢƥǹͭɣǻȴ˻ɢޱ߻֮
ϵĻȴҲһ˲õķͼ
˳ǵۼ֮
򿪣¶ȴԴʱľ棬˵Щʲôʱһ֡ɲǼ䣬ʥ֮⽫һһģһĹ֮һžħײ˹
ۣòôһ֣ҶһЦ䣬һħʱһǰӭǹ֮ײ˹ȥȭ͵һݺݴڳϡ
һ֮£ħͬʱҵ𵴣λɢȴûʧǸھײ֮ȥ
Ȼƴ˸൱
ڳУ۾ŸӵĹâҶ㣬֮Żͷǵۼϵһˡһս֮ʣ㻹һ׸ĸ̶ʱ֮ڣȴǱ仯˿ֲͻģֻҲҪΪˡ
ֻ´۱ģҲҪΪ˰ɡҶһЦԹľ
⻰ǲ΢΢ͷȻȴˡĿǰδﵽʮ۷壬ȴѾ۷֮ɷӶ浽ʮ۷ֻ֮¼ʥ֮⣬ûĶˡ
˵֮䣬ȴͻȻʥٴֱӴǹ֮֮ʱɢҫ֮⣬ָ֮ǰźħȥ
ֹ֮䣬ҫȴּγһǿĻ֮ϸȥЩȴݻǧССֶȻǻһ
ͬʱϣͼȴͻȻһ񽫣ɱ⣬һűħʥұ۶ȥ
Ҷ಻ħâֱͶ˺ħħػʱССˣҲ뱾ħ𣡡
һǰȥ֮ڿһץʱΧɢڿе֮ȫ֣ͬʱӿЩ֮ٵںϻһħ޴߸߾Ź֮ݺȥ
֮ϣƥսͬʱȻҲɢһͬһǰӭǾ޴ϵ֮֮ӿ𣬾ɲ˺ħ
һ֮ʣҶǰסͼų
ȭȵĺ֮ƱʱͣסȭУ˲㱻÷顣񽫣ȴͼɱڣǰ
£Ŀһһ֣ͼʱһʵһ´򿪣ڴһֱҶ㵱ͷһɾ޴Ҳħ֮߶ȡ
סҶ෢һ֮һ½ħȹסǾ޴ǰ˿ûа㶯ҡһ̧֣ħʱ۶𣬻Ҷ֮Уǰٵһ֮ʣǹâʱըһ
ħڣ
У÷飬ʱȴٴηͼʱһ˳Ҷ¡
ϸһȴһʬɣ·ǧ̾һ𣬱֯һ㡣ɢǿϢ峬Ľǿߣ޷رֱС
Ҷ㣬¦ǴʱһЦ͵ʥұ۾ҵɢһǿħȴסۿҪߡ
һʥ⻪ޱֱҶߺݺݵײ˹Ǿ޴ĵ÷֮䣬һ±˺ĻϢٺ׾ȻҲ赲æ
Ǳ޴ķײϣֻǿҲҪѪˣս֮
ʱҶȫֵħȫסʥұۣһʱ䣬ȴ޷ֳ
Σ֮ʣȴҲһҧһ󷢺ݣȴǲϧ߶֮ȼԼ޴һ´ħ֮Сʱħħ·һڶħȻһƣƴħ⣬ǵ֮ƻһ±㽫ͼץУ˲顣
УҶӭ˴ãһʱȭͷ˹ȥǣһſײڴϣôҲǾҲһ±ס
Ҷ㣬վĩգ¦Цŷʥұ۳ҶȫԿԼ֮ʣ͵һ·ʱԾħһ·ɻصԱߡɲǼ䣬ʥұõһ壬ҫһʥ⣬ʥֱӻһݺݴҶ㡣
ûᣡҲ΢΢ͷȻɣգֻ±ɱĻᡣҶ㣬ˣ
֮䣬һͼУͼһ֮ʣʱһϰΪˣ°ΪߵշһĴȣһҶ˹
˵У嵮֮ؼΪˣΪߵǴ壬ʹؼ
ֻڴ˵֮УǧȴûκһʿգͼȻĴ֮
һɢ֮䣬ֱлһƵƽҶն
һһ񣬷ֱҶȴʱΣ֮СޱٲһУ֮䣬ƴŻҲһӭ
ȴ֮ۼǰȻ֪һУ񹥻ƫ֮ʣȴƻƹ缲磬ֱҶ㡣
ʱ÷ųһ޽Ѿ̵ҶǰҶڶ𣬴һӭ޽ħ֮ȭ꣬Ƚ޽ͷסţħ𣬴ħо޴ħ֮͵Ǿ޽ȥ
Ǿ޽Ҳֱײ˾ħײ֮ʱȴûо춯ص죬Ƥ޳ϸһ㣬ħһʱ
Ҷȴüͷһ塣
Ҫ֪ħҲһǿͨƤһҪ֮Уδħ˵¦⽣ʹĳʹħд˱仯
ϿǾħס˾޽ʵϾǾ޽ס˾ħ
Ҷ㣡¦ǴЦ˽Ƿڤڤ֮꣬ȴӵ֮ħд֮ʣֻ߻һ㣬׽⿪
úãͷ΢ЦĿһ䣬ѾҶǰٽҪ£
ס֣ٺʱһŵʥ֮⣬͵ط˹һȭʱһֻ㵱̤˹ȥ
ת֣ҶǴһֻתʱŹħǾһӭ˳ֽ


449 ǿ
ٺסת֣һ˹ǿȴҲ޷ӽҶ㣬һתɱ˹һ½סѹƣ޷롣
ڤΣҶַ̧һħĲͬһӿħ֮ϣħʱʹǿ֮Ǿ޽֮ϣһĹɢԴԴϵžħڶȥ
޽ɲڴڵ¦ǣȴɫһ䡣
ֻʥұ۵ͨǱڤ޽ŶȥŵٶԶԶٶȣȴǴƿһӣˮʱͲܿƵ˳ǿһ
ֹʥұ۵ñʱҲħϵȡš
ôȻƴȫﵽ˵زǿʥұۣȴԲֱӽҶСѹס
ʱ¦ǲ˽⵽Ҷǿ¡ǰһ˿֮ģǵõʥұۡں˴úǸ߸ϣһĽҶԼǿĶԴ
ڤɻ󣡡
¦ɫָ˵ıƽ·λڤһֻص˳֮ϣָӲ°ٹԡ¶͵ɱ⣬ɫȴƽ糣
ܷӳǿ
ʱָ侲ȴҲоһ˿ڲĲȶǲȶԴ־壬һ˿־Ӣ꣬ڲ֪ӰԼľʹԼ⡢񡢱ꡭ
ԭȴһЦһ̧֣ӿһһ¾ԼȴǽٶϴӡʥұҲɢı塣
һ˲䣬־һӢ꣬㱻ɱøɸɾһ壬ȫ仯¦ǡ
仯ֱӰ쵽ڤ޽
ɻһǹ⻯ɵķڤ޽ϣʱֳһֵĲƣԾšţݻһɵ󷨣һתڤ޽ӵһֲھħ֮Ȼ侹Ȼħϵ֮˹
ҪҽҶҲΪ⣬ֻһͷұ֪߲ǿ
йâ֮䣬ħһâħ׺ڷڤ޽ϣħȥҷաڤ޽ϵĴһ¶ɢңǾ޴١
ȻԾħȡħȴҲ޷֮
ཀྵ֮£¦ȴǵһЦͻȻ佫һӡʱӿһʥұۺһذ֮£һףʥұ֮ϡұ۵վ𵴣͵һ·һȭħȥ
ʥͷ­ҵֵҶʱһʥͷ­һҫʥ⣬Ӵ֮˳ȥֱײʥұۡ
ʥźײֻһ죬Ե˻ȥ
ʥײĽȻ¦ǵһ
Ȼ˾޴֮ǰһֱֻ־ãȴûȫʥźʹ֮ʱʥźײȴȻҶһ㣬ԴȻġ
ֻһ֮䣬ЧΪͬʥͷ­һײ֮󵯿ʱڿжתҶȴһʥͷ­ʱɢʥ⣬һصҶԡʥұȴǵתһʱʧء
ʱһӰȴͻȻԶƿ޿ռ䣬ֱӳ˹ſƣһʥĹâݻһŴֱʥұ˹ȥ
ȴӰ֣ڰһֱȴѡһʱһ³֣Ŀʥұۣ
᣿ü͵һ֣ʱӿ˵֧ԮڿħսĹ֮ǳʱһͬſһһ½ħ𿪡
ɱ磬Ź֮һ³嵽Ӱ·ֱӰײ˹ȥ
Ӱһüһȴȫʥұۣ֮䣬Ŵȴʱһֻȭ
ͬʱһʥۣɢʥһ½Ǿȭץ˹һ࣬ͽȭͨȭͷСȴȥڹ֮ϡ
ǳҵ𶯣Ʊ⣬ȴû
ӰȴûԶԶӿʱչ֮粻ҫʥȫΪһ塣ѹ˵ȭͷصߣʥ֮ϣǻһס
ʱȴһͻȻ֡ɫŹЦݣһʥұ۶ȥֵһץֱݻһֻ֮ΣҪʥұ۰Χ
һУǵʯ֮䣬¦ǴʱȴŻüëһôӣȻѵֵʥұۣ
һ֮䣬ʥұһ»ָȶסȴһҪ˻ȥ
;Ҷ㿴ˣȴһü
Ϧ۶;ȥҶ˵Ǿĸ֣Ҷʥͷ­֮Ҷȴ㲻ʲôǲϧԽͶ棬ȴƲ
ֵǣǳŽ۷ĴۣȴһǣȻﵽ˳ʮ֮һ֮ȴƺҲõʥźһ㡣
ʥźֻһʥȻû䣬һʥں֮ϣ˵պǵıȴǳǿɫ;Ҳ޷ôʱڸϵʥȶȡֲǡ
ۼٳɱڳ˲ɶüһԸһ䣬֮һŶ;ȥӰҲĿɱ⣬һ֣ʥ𶯷һ⻯˾צŶ;ץȥ
Զߵľ;ȴֻһЦһǹȥǿʱ踺ػɣ
˵ţͻȻһӣеĳֱӷ˳ȥͻȻľӨ۳˸ߴĵʥһѽץУշһֱɱؾնڳϣȻȥ
ͬʱ;ϵĹ͵һâӨɢһòϵĹ񣬿Զ֮ֱӭľצȥӿ໯˾ƣջһ½צס
ȻԷǿƵֵסĴҲСǵȫѺۣپ֮һײǹľƷ飬Ҳٺˡ
ȴҲΪ;ȡʱ䡣ʱһĨĹâͬһֻѾãͻȻɿʳҰһܲųɱ
ɱ㣡¦ʥұڶ͵صһȭһֱӻһڤ޽Ŷ;ݺݴȥ
һΧ֮ʱȫɡ
㵲סңʱɣ;һ۾˲ͨ졣һ֮ӿ͵ڿݻһ޴ıǱϣԶκһλ۵;ޱߵȴⱦ
ǺҶ㲻Ŀһ漴ͷҸӦϢһ;ԭͶȴĿģ
ɲ֮䣬ʱɢһǿȻ۳һʵĻӰһԱϸӭǷڤ޽ֱӶȥ˫һϼ䣬Ȼڤ޽ץС
ȻԵֵڤ޽ȫȴΪ;Ӯʱ䡣Хһȫ͵ȼһɸǿȴԭ֮
һʱҵض͵һʥұ۶ȥ֮ɢһ½ʥұ۰Χס
ô󵨣¦Ŀ亮⣬
֣Ӱ֡⣬ͬʱȡ


450 ʥұ۵
Ҷʱ¶֮ɫ
ܸӦʱǿȫáħĲᲢۡ
澹Ȼǿķô֮ǰΪβóʹãƾŻΪʥ֮ʱһɱ
ڣȴϾôˡʱ˷æңȴʹٻĺħʱһħ͵󲽣ճ嵽֮ǰֱӴһϡ
޴ħ֮ݺݺϣȴֻⱦڶ֮зɳ֮Զȴûһ˿
һ±ԶһȴҲʱɢʥұһָֻɡ
¦Ǿһ亹ʱ뵽ҪʥұٻԼߣȴѾˡħһ֣ʥұץУȻҪصħǱߡ
ҶУӰֺٴͬʱͬʱ֮Ǿצǰһ˶;ųĵʥ͹ֱźħȥ
ʱٺת֡һȴѾȫת񵱿һʱӭǾצ˹ȥٺȴԥźħвס𵴵ʥұۣãȻ
ǳʥұۣǰҶ㣿
ֻת֣Źħ˹һ±㽫ǾצײöѣɢޱߺȻסһʱܳɱħǰ
ʱգ;ʱ͸ĺ⡣ѾȼԼȴûܽʥұУļŭһеٽ֮ȼһ½ʱٻصߣȻٷųħᡣ
ħȴʱ󲽣ֱҶ㱼ȥ
óѣ;ţҸ裬Ϊľһ죬üֵĺôȥʱȫҶʥұۣ
Ƕ¦Ƿȫ߶ʥұۣ͵طһ޴Ȼֱӽħķѣ
һʱ䣬ʥұۻָɣʱҪŴ÷ȥ
ʱҶĿһ֮䣬ȴ͵طųħĻӰЩӰħǿߵϣҲƵһħ֮ϡ˲䣬ħе뵽Ҷ
޴ҶһʱҪըĸо
۷ž⣬ȴǽ߶ޣ͵طһȣݵ˾ħϣͬʱȴǷſħϵػ֮ηڤ޽ԴԴϵã
һ˲䣬ɾ޴ޱȵͬһãȴþҵض˾޴Ĵø޷¦ǺȻȫȴ޷ơ
ʱҶȴȻؽħȫ˳ȥпħϵزǷڤ޽֮ϡħֱӷǰӭʧȥ¦ǿƵʥұ۶ȥ
ʱӰͬʱǹ֮͵һ±ըֱ֮ӽԶӰĿʥֱӴһӰݻһʥ˵ΣǾצ֮Уצ͵һƣֻתȴȫԶԶ˳ȥ
Ǿצֱʥұץ˹ȥ
һͼʱַɳһʥұ۶ȥ
;ĴУ۾ȴȫ˺ɫ۰ͫȫһƬѪɫ۾һѪӣȴ˿һ㲼¶ϣѪ˿
Ƭ̼䣬˶һѪˡȴȫƤ˺ɫɢ⡣
ʱʱɢһ۱仯һʡϣѹķһߣֱץʥұۣȻһ¾ͽʥұץС
ʱǾצҲѾɱ˽ǰһɢ޴ʴȥ
ȫ𣡡;ͬһʱ𵴣ɢɫһϯצһס
˭˭ɣӰһʱҪ߶ʱȴɫһ䣬ã
˲䣬ǳɫ˾צУӰֺӦǳɫٻȻͬʱըһըʱ˾צľʱȻըѿΧռ䶯ݣһ˷
ͬʱоԼľܵһ˿ѪӰ죬öɶæ֮ɨԵԭҰ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ȴѾʷһ½ʥ˱۵ݵ˶;ǰ
ʱħȴѾɱ
Ҷ㣬ҲҸ;
ѾΪβˡҶĿӶ;̾һⷨŹҲûܽȫԲá;ϧһǿߣȴһУϧ
˵֮䣬͵һ³֣һȭشʵϡ
һȭͬһ㣬ϵʱȴһ춼ûС
Ѿþˣ;ЦͬʱԸôǿߣ˭ʱȴһֻֽϻֵһᣡ
ȴû뵽һͨƾǿ߻ӳһȭǴڿ⣬Ҳ𵴶춯ħǺľֻƾű֮ƣһȭҲϲһ졣
Ϊβ죿
ΪҶ㲢ȭֱӹǴһһʮ֮ͨħ
ֱ͸ڣѸٵɢƬ֮䣬ʵͷ˱仯ѾҪݵ;ǰʥұۣȴһ˻ͬһתȻֱӽʥұ۵ݸҶ㣡
ã˶
ֻаٺףŸӵıҶ㣬ȴֻǵ֡ʱìܵġʥұ۵ľ޴ջԼǶġҪ֮ǰҶ֣ȴжҡ
ܿ죬Ķҡͽˡ
ΪҶֱӳʥͷ­ͷ­֮һɢޱʥ֮˲ͽʥұ۰ʥİ֮УҪʥұۣȴͻȻðͬڼ˼磬˼ҵĴ̣վűߵĸһߡ
ɲǼ䣬ʥұ۾Ȼɢһʥ⣬ʥͷ­Ĺâ϶Ϊһɿӭʥͷ­ȥͶĸ׻һ㡣ʥźڿУʥ֮һܲɷ֡
ʱȴոձ¦ȫȶ˾޴Ĵãʱƾˣ¦ǸǸоԼƺѾʥһ㣬ּͿɽ
Ҷ㣬ʹĺüƣЦȻϧ˷ʹöԼûʥұۣǺüƣϧֻһΣҵҪʥұ練ƣ
˵һʱɢޱ߾ٻʥұۡ
ɲ֮䣬ɫȴޱѿΪʥұԼõϵȻȫжˣ
ⲻܣⲻܣ
λǶû뵽ʥͷ­ҪɣʱҶħ֮УȴЦҲֱڲ֪ҪȥֻΪҵʥź֮䣬Ҳ֪ԭȴʥźеȡʥź練ƣ
˲ҶĿһʥͷ­ʥұۣ㶼ħ֮Уԡ
ʥͷ­ϣʥұͷ­Ҳ֮£λñһλ˵ͷ­ұλùϵһ޶Ҷһ䣬ʥұ۱Ҳƶ֮ʱʥͷ­λùϵȴ仯
ǱͬҶվһֻͷ­ұ¶岿λȴ˵һ㡣
һ֮䣬һʥʵʰӿɳħ磬⻯һޱۣſֱŴץȥ


451 ħʱ
ã¦ǷʱĲ˵ʲôʥź֮ۼǾ޴ƴʥ֮ͬһƬŴֶĵޱߺ⣬֮²һеطõҪȫѶȥ
ȴһ㣬εؽסʹѡ
ʱħʢȻٴħΪһ壬Ǳ޴ķڤȫһ֮£ʱӨ㣬ֱɣħ硣
¦ǣȥҪȫһҶʥź֮һǹǿʥұۣһʱ׳ŵʧȴҲСȻ¦ƽ׵ȥ
ʱֻӦʥͷ­֮ʱʥұΪһ壬֮󣬱˴˼ȴֻӰ죬Զһһڶô򵥡ҶãٵһʥźһԼиֲı仯
µӰʥźȴסԼܶôãħںһĻôȴԵõǶʱֻƶϳʥʱ䡢ص뷽
ôʥҲ¡

ȴͻȻһԥ̲ס̧ͷһֱԶİٺס
λǰ֮ǰһֱڰԼȻ֮ͻȻʥұۣȴҲꡣ
Ҫ֪ر֮ǰмܱ侲
Ҷ˲⣬΢΢һЦһ˹ȥǰ֮ǰлҡҶʥұۣȻҪЩ뺦һһܣǰǵʥźģҽʥź֣Ҳϲʥ۵⡣
ٺ׸ӦһȻаٸн
ħ֮뵽һеģȴһʮˣٺײҡͷһЦˣѾˣδȴ˵ģİ
ħһع飬ħʢǵնľޱҲӣȻһͻ˴õطֱ֮ӽץУ
Ҷһ֣ħʱһ²Ǿޱĩˣޱħһ塣˲䣬޴ħʥͷ­ұзų罭ˮǾޱʹޱ۵Ȼٴץסãõȫѹƣξħϡ
ãһҪҲᵽУħ磡ҵۼϵһѾõʥźٽõõУ˶Ķ֣
⣡Ӱ
ɱɱɱ;ȴֻǺɱÿһıһ֣꣬ȴ츲صı仯ȫ仯һĿֲħ֮âﲻ³ħ
һ仯ʱҲű仯ħݺᣬǵնʣȴʱҲԳħ࣬Ʊ˿µħצȻҶҶץȥ
;㿴ǿȴߡҶ̾һ΢΢һЦ̧֮䣬ʥħΪһһ·ħ֮һֱֻϣħһֱ̧֣ϵĹâ㻯һֻצһ·˳ȥֱץʱ֮ϡ
һ𶯣Ҳ۾Х˹ȥҪֻצ顣
ɲ֮䣬Ǿצȴ͵طֱӽʱ˹ȥһͶ뵽ħ֮Уһ˶պ󣬱ʱ𶯣󻯳һֱħ磬С
;ʱܣȴѾµˡҶ㵭ȻһЦⱦԶɺԺη䲻֪ȴ֪һħҵõԼ϶֮죬ҪһϧҲ֮ܽǿķãΪ˱˽֣֮ȴ֪Լ˴㿴ԼɣѾⱦϵħȫħ˲ħħĹ
Σ;ţΪ
Уɢһȴ˲תħƺٻʱ
ʲôʱӦħʱǣҶһЦĿǱԼѹħеıħ֮һ䣬ħħ֮ͬʱħͨħһǱ֮ϡ
ħǿһħǱ֮УʱҶ̧ħ⣬͵һںʱ㽫ⱦ÷顣һʵĻӰݻΪʵ壬仯Ϊħʣȴڹ߽֮⣬΢
潵㣬ȴͬҶһЦСħ֮ȴһ֮ħκҲ첻£ֻҿԽ㣡ǿһλħʵķħȴħ磡ħɣ
ּ䣬Щ΢ֱӴħĻ֮У˲䣬ħڣȴ˱仯
Уһħֱӿ𣬱仯һħ֣֮ɢħҫۣȴݻһƪƪħ¡Щͬܣȴϳһ״ͬħĴħڱ֮ϣϵתɢħ
һħʱȴҲħݻɣħ룬ҶͻȻεضҶ㵭һЦֱ뱦֮Уʱ·ǻħ֮
ħţ֮УȻڲ硣ÿһħ֮ϣ֮תݻ仯ħ֮ħһ޶磬ħ֮ϡ
һħڸħתݣħڵħͨһһ𴫵ħʱ֮ϣҶΪһ塣
ҶͻȻһָоֱմ˿̣ԼʵȫԼһ
ޱߵۡڣ˲ħħĸо
ʱȫħΪһ壬ٲֱ˴ˣ
ȥʹħ绯ΪζԵУǷֳһںϽħ֮УһڿԼ壬ָħ֮Ӧս֮á
ڣħһ֣֡㣬ԴȪٲ÷ֳʲôƣֻһȫԼħ硣
ںϣﵽֻΪĳ̶ȵںϣ
뷨ﵽ̶ֳȵں֮ʱӦ˴¦֮ĸҡЦ¦ǣΪѾýһˣظӦ㻹㣬ûǴãֻ֮һֽܵϵѣܺѡ׵ĸӡķޣȴںϣ
˵¦Ƿȫ
ȻںʱӰɢǿħ磬ȴѾµ࣬ɫס
ԥʲôҪԸãһ֣һּ䣬֣֮ͬʱͼַɳһͬʱ֮񽫣һͬɱ˳ֱҶ㡣
ԣӰһҧ͵ػ֣͵һ𣬽ȫȫ˹ȥʥӿһȫں֮Уȴʱ仯λͬʱҶɱȥ
ʱȴ񶯱ף͵ӭ˹ӿޱߺݻһԺݺײ֮
ңУٺͻȻ߶ʥ֮һ·ʥݻֻ֮㣬ͷĳƵס
λȴ˵ֱֵҶɱȥ
ʱֻҪһɲǣѾ㹻ҶЦһӿ䣬ץסõľޱ͵ط˲佫˹


452 ֮
¦ǴʱѾɫ
Ҳ󲻵µķڤãһ쾹ȻᱻԾֱסжƴõ£ֱӽƶҪߣ
Ҷ㣬㲻ˣǾħħѡħħ񣡡¦ھ֮Уɷһ
ûõģʥұǾ޴ǰҲ޿κΣֻһħӽħĵϢ
ΰĽʱ֨µ춯·ǳܲסʱһ
Ҷħ񣬶һδɾʥֻ֮Ƿˡ¦ɫ԰׵ţƺҰοħǰûжԿ֮ģõѡߣԣҲӦڴƴһдδܻڴʱ˵أߣãҵһߣ
Уһ֮ɢõΪһ壬ǴñʱҵҪʥұӳ졣
¦۷Źâһǰ͵ԾǹϣԼϥϣ֮䣬ȴһ޴λӰ
ұشõӢ飬ұǴõ꣡ڴˣñµһκ˶޷ѹ޷ᣡʮƪģƪƪо춯֮ձ϶Ϊһһƪ£־ǡƪ¡
˵ţﲻһâȴڿлһ֣֮һƪлϢ¡
һñڱ֮ϲϵظֳһƪƪ£ȴʮƪ֮ࡣЩ£ħеħĴһڴһµĴ
¦֮ֻ¦˿գ˲жǿ󣬾㽫ȥҲã¦ǴţҶ㣬ٳ룬ҪӶãҿηɰɣ
ЦҶЦһ¦Ҳ𼸰꣬ȴǹ֮˵¦ר֮еҵ֮¦֮֮Ź¦Ҷѡʧ£Ȼʧȥ֮ңҲ飡
飿¦ǴЦ˵ұǱ֮ˣ¦һһֱѵϱΪڤ֮Ҷ㣬ƴҪҲҪ֮У֮ǰеĳ𣡡
㵹֪֪֮ԼҪ׹ˡҶһЦҿûȤ㣡
ȴɲ㣡¦ǿһλĻӰȻΪʵһ½˲䣬Ȼȫú϶ΪһǴҲз˾޴ı仯Ȼʼˣ
һƪƪµĴҲʼϵס¦ǵλ֮ϡڵһһǽڣʱȫֽ⿪ڲϵС֮λ֮ϣʼ仯
ãƺ̮ϱС
ʲôҶ΢΢һ
ô࣡漴һʥұ֮͵һգܴα仯ؾѹҪħ֮С
ʱȴѾ˽Ź磬ֱɱ
ħڣҶһһ߶סãһ߻ִħеħ⣬ֱ۳һһ֮ʣȴ󶯣ʥֱ֮ںС
һһּ仯Ȼ;֮йһΪͬʱֱӽλԶɳȥҡ֮䣬Ҫɢ
ӰּæӾ֧Ԯάס塣һʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ʱħ𣬽ýظסһħ׺ڣһƬƬħӵ֮ϣҪٻٳɳ
Ҷ㣬л㣬û뵽㽫ұƵıԵȴʹһתΪһ֮
¦ǵͻȻȴָֻԭ侲顣
ɱңϲܣΪѾõ˴õȴԶʤ¦տ棡
Цʱ˿¦ǾȻЦóˣʮգ
Ҷһü䣬ħ硢ħʥһͬޣ͵һºݺһͽôħ֮С
ǽôħ֮Уֻǽõһ֡ߴΪϸĵüⶥ߽ħ磡
õľ󲿷֣ȴͻȻһ̮ħҲãʥұ֮Ҳãһʱûиٶȣδü£ȴֱ˳ȥ
âשʯ仯䣬ȫ¦ǵϣȴݻһηһ׷ס
ʱ¦ǻ۾ĵһЦͻȻ䣬һ𣬷·һҪƲĴǹֱ
شٴ飬ݺؼܣӢ飬治𣡡
һ֮УһԴ֮Χ¦ǻһƪµĴһ֮ɣѸٵǳľ϶Ϊһһ»һߴޱȵ
ȴ¦ר֮ս
ʱҶħ֮еĴò֣ȴҲҵɢһϵϢתۼݻһ޽ֱҶݺݴ
ҵ֮У˷˵أҶһЦּ̧ħֱ֮ѹǾ޽ѹסħһ²ϣħħʱ
޽ȫѹƣһʱȴ޷ǣҶ
Ҷ㲢Ϊ⣬Ѿӵħ磬ֵõʥұۣ¦Ǿʲô仯Ҳܵеù
侲ػֵޱħ˲ħ֮۳һߴħħһ֣ʱɢޱս⣬ȵ죬أķΩħ֮ɨķ
ħһǿҶ㵭˵ֵħ֮е֮תۼݻһսһ·ȥħС
ס޴սħһ⻪ĲƣһµЦͻȻǰȥ
۾ɵһλսȻҶħһº׳ȴһҲۼħԼɱս̧򱳺װһץץһش

¦ǵһȣսǴһ籩ӭħ
ħХ֮սĵ֮شײһһһħռսһʱ侹Ȼѷ¡
ѷ£ȴѾǸУ
սĺģǴã¦ǡ¦ʹǿȴֻҶٻħƽ֣Ѿ·硣ʱҶħһԣսţħֶԸʱҪܣ
Ҷٵúôˣʱ۷ź⣬һͼ֮䣬ȴǽֱӻһâݻһޱ߻֮⣬кʢȻ
һ֣ʱһ֣Ѿʧͼȴ³ֱ֣ɢޱ߾ȻͰٺͬʱˣӮʱ䡣Ҳˣһ˻ڶ𣬳ֹһֱ֮ӳҶ㡣
Ҫұ𣡡ҶһĨ֮ɫ󶯼䣬ħ֮ӿȻٴٻ޴ħħ֮۳սħȫɢȵĻ𾢣̧Ի˿֯һ˱ǹɱ
ͬʱٻħһ֮䣬΢΢ͷԸȥˣۼǿߣūͣ
ֹ𣿡Ҷ㵭һЦҲսħܷһתħֱ¦Ƿ˹ȥ
úۣսħǿޱȣ֮ܽƣȴһʽ֮䣬һʱ޷ϹȥֹҶ㣬ֻתӰ֣УӰ֣֣
ãӰһͷӸһٺȴǰ
ʱԴҶʱ󣬱ɴ۾·ʧ˻һ㽩Ķ;ȴͻȻһХ͵Ҷɱȥ


453 ˣˣ
;һѪɫ⣬˷·𻯳һֻѪ㣬һѪҶ˹ȥ
ѾصУź⣬ɢһһҲǸ񣬴Ӧš
ӵʱ֮ʱв㣬ʧʱֻڳһ˵Ӿŵ𣿡ҶһЦ΢΢ҡͷµħҼöˣ⸱׵ô
̧֮䣬һħۣ˲۳˾޴壬һºȻ
ħڣ
֮УһֱӴɢ˶;Ѫѹסĺ⣬Ĩ˸Ĺ񡣶;һҽУʱһƶżɶȥת֮ʧԶ
ҶȻϡʱȫתȥ¦ǣ̧֮䣬һצӰ¦ǡ
צӰݺ֮䣬ȴħӰڿСӰȻӰȴǿһ˫ۣɢ˵ĹâһצӰȴȻһĴ󣬳˻Ե¦ǰΧȥ
Χ¦ǣǰΧǿİս񡣷֮£սȴòȥشһȴתץУֱַס趯
жצ𣿡ҶͷԿ죬ȴҲһַϧȿȴҵĶ֡
һЦ֮䣬ħйâצӰ˲佫սΧצӰ֮䣬սӵ磬ƴֵ
צӰƮͬһ㣬׽ۼս˫ȻצӰֵסն飬צӰȴҲӵϣʱϵץ֧飬ӡ
¦ڴù֮ϣȴҵزšӳȫȴʼ޷ƿצӰ֮󣬶ħʱȴսذһʱΣޱȡ
Һúް¦ҧгݣͬʱҲоޱȵĿֲ
֮ǰǽҶ㵱Լ൱Ķ֣Լһ˲еİӡȴòҶԶԶԼĴڣؼ˴˵ǿߡ
ԼȣԶԶ
õʥұۣȴҶǰʧȥȫ˴֮ʷǰؽΪ׷ȴ޷սʤҶ㡣
һУѾ¦ǾҶԼսʤ֮еͷͷ֮£ٲҶս
Ҳ
˼š
ѾΪһ壬Ѿ˵ۼϽҶĴڡʧʥźѷҲѷһһжҪֻܶҪܻ֮ܽѰʺҵʽõʱֶñؼˡ
ʱ˵һлᵽ˵ʥź
ҧҧҪ֮ʣħȴˣǾ޴ս͵һӣһƥĵʱŹնһ½սȫ˵֮Уټצһ֮£սֲ֧סһ·飡
ߣʱ¦ȴ͵طһ԰ս֮ȥ˲ʹݷԶݶȥ
ߣҶһɱ֮Ѳٵˣ
ɲǼ䣬Ҫ׷ȥ
׷¦ǣȵ˴ãһʥź֮սǱ㳹ûϷˣ
Ӱָ֪Ҷ˴ҶǿȥԼȴǺ£һҧ֮ʣȴӾٺҲ֮ԾȴǷӳǿԽס
ʱȴâ˲䷢ӳ޴֮еͼһǰĹâֱɨսħ֮ϣʱսħζбǹҲˤ䳾֮СԳ˻ſ³֮ϹݵĻ֮糱ӿ˲佫սħûС
һǿޱȵķȴֱӻҶٻսħҶɱ
Ҷ㲻һüޱߣСһ׷ɱ¦ǣȴⱳʧҪˡ֮£ֻӭּ䣬ħ֮ӰצӰ֮ħսһɱ
Ҷ㣬ʤ¦ȫϤʥ֮÷ϡ˵Ѿһȫʥź˽ʹ֮ƾΪһ㲻Ƕ֣
ʱ˵˵к壿ҶҡͷΪҵľļħջ󶼲ܶҡ֣ΪԼħҪ𣿡
һ±֪Цţӿ䣬һףٴλͼֱӴħ֮ӰϣʱħצӰɢ
һ֣ͼħħһսסͼһǾ֮£ȴԶ˳ȥ
ҶһͷһЦʱҲٷĶԸ¦ǣֻרһսȴԽȫˣ
һЦ֮䣬йâһʥźɢһʥ⣬ںϽħ֮УֱӴħħ֮ϡ˲䣬ǵħԶħҲɷһװһ¼ӵնȥ
ܻ磬ȴ˱ħ񣡡
ƥأһķɢϢ֮ӦҲ΢΢üԼһֲ֮С
һ㣿Ŀ͵һľ֮еһ˿ηʱһɨա̧֮䣬һʥһ˲仯һѪȴ޵Ѫ
ȻҲҶһ㣬ͬʱٻһ
Ѫһ֣ʱ̧ٻһѪлһ˴ǹͦǹħɱ˹
һѪһʱħס˫϶һʱѷѽ⡣
ʥźһ֣֮ȷʵǿ˰⿴λħĽü
תͷӰ֣ȴηʼնܱٺף֮⣬ȴԼһԿҶ㣬һɥ
ҶһսҲɻͷⲻǵۼǵһ֣ȴﵽʮףȵõʥźٶõսʤةħѾãڸһ˰ɣ
ǣһ˲䣬ةħһǷԾ֮䣬ֱӷɳħ磬ȥ
ʵҶһֱδةһΪշܲãϰʹãȴԵةܾӰ죬б仯ˣڷǾֵս֮УȴáʱѶǷȫ
ôиְⲻһ漴ҡͷһ̾ˣ֮˻ϵϣȴ޷ɱǱ㽫ǿɱɣ
һЦ֮䣬ȴԼٻһݷʹ˳˲䲻ӰúòҪչֵةУȴȫû˳ֵĻᡣ
һ˵߾ߣ̫ˣӰۼԼְε⣬Ȼ˵߾ߣԼһ˶Σյսƿڴٹ˲ֱ࣬ӷӾͰٺױˣԼʹݷݶȥ
Ƭ̼䣬ԭޱȵʥĹ֮Уȴ壬úܡ
ˣˣħ֮евһоôˡ
Ȼ㻹۰һۡ
ԭ뷴еһĿɿڴؿһʱڲŻޱȵҶ㡣ȻڶǿƤ¶ʥұۣǿҶȻ
ֻѾǵһǿͷˡԪҲصͷ
һõĲкָǱħѹסĴ֮ǽҲħ磬ⷨ᲻ỹ
ħֻΣԪ۾һȴǳڴ
ҲڴʱٺȴҪħ֮УҶȻħ磬˽ǰֻתֺةҲһջأħ֮Уħⲹ
ͬʱޱҲջء
˴˾һ֮òк˵Ҷ㵭˵ţһħƿռ䣬ֱʥĹ֮ʧ


454 ´
ħƿʥĹϣֱȥٴһ»ص֮С
λҶħʱվǰԭһ֡ʥź֮սѾȫڴϽٲǿȺᱦĴսҲǰ֪λкδ㣿
ôûгأ̲סƵ˵
ȴ޷Ԥˡԭ˵ʵ֪ʥұ¦УһӰֺһ㣬ǰᡣ
ӰֺⶼѾ֪λ᲻֪ԪƵ˵
Ҳ𰸾ϡҶתͷȴ˱ѹħ֮еĴòк
磬Ҫкħ磬Եõö𣿡ޱһҶʵ
Ҷһͷ˽᲻⣬Ҳк͡˴òкҿܲܵõֵɡ
˵ţѰһ֮ħС֮ȴħ֮Ǿ޴Ĵüⶥ˹ħһ֮ʣơ
Ǽⶥкʱ·Լ΢Ҷħ׺ϣȴʧħӵϣȴκܡ
һƪƪ£ǲк֮Ҷ̧һЩɵ±˹ߡӦȴʱǶʮƪͬ£ȴõǡ쵻ġսϭġ֮ͬݻһֵķӷ
ùȻͬ졣ӦЩ´ãҶ㲻΢΢ͷֱһץץУ֮֮󣬵ħںϣγ˶ʮħĴ
һƣʮħĴħڱ֮ϡȻħû֮ȴ˶ʮƪ̺ĲͬܣҲǾ޴档
ҶһϸʮƪµĲͬãһ߿ƾħõĲкһĶ֮£ȴ󣬿Ľѡ
ħ֮£õĲкѵֵ֮֮ȴһ߽⣬΢Ҷһ֣ħ㽫֮ħ֮Уħһ½֮Χ֮
ɲ֮䣬ҶӦħ仯ǱøΪǿ󣬶ǶһޱȵԼӦɢħ֮УֻҪԼԸ⣬һؾƽ⣬ת֮ҲԼ֮ж
Ȼ΢΢ͷ̾
漴ͻȻһת˲䣬һ֮˷۶ǰϵһ֮֮ҫţ֮һƪ£֮УȻһ´Ҷڡ
ʱԭҰȴԭҰпһƪƪֹɵϢԼ֮ǰһЩɻȴʱ˴𰸡
Ѿˡ֮Ҷع۾
Ϊۼǵһȷʵޱȡ¦ڽӰ֮һں֮ȴ˴ö֮ʥұ۵λõķȻɱ˺ӵʥźǿߡʥұȡߣҲãǿҲãȻһ֪Բ̽ʥĹΪԼܵõʥұۡ
˵ţҡͷ̾Ϣһϧǿޱȣȴɱεãֻ¦ǿУܸ޴вߣԲŽ󲿷ϣʹʥĹ֮УֱʱΪǿ߲Ŷ룬ȴֻԼܲʥĹյõʥұۡ
ԭԭһʱȻ
̫ˣղɸ̾õ棬֮£޵У
ȻɣԪȴҡҡͷ㿴¦ǣ˴õĶ֮ΣҲʧʥұۣҲڴ˵𣿡
ҶһͷõĶ֮ȴȱָ£ǲ÷Լһܻþ޴棿ûķܶ⻰ЩʵתƵδ̬չȥ֮¶ѡ֮ҲӵһЩҲǾ޴úˣȷʵ绢°빦
ô˵ֻ¦Ȼ֮ɱΣ֮Ҳ롣ԪҲüһǷȴֽ벻֮ˡ
λġҶ˵ȻǿȴҲǿҡȥֻҲŲ֣ħħʱֻ˴öϤ֮Ҫǵõʥұۺʥͷ­ϣȴ࣬ٲҶ֡Ϊѣֻһħ֮Уʱˡ
λۣȼħаɡޱ˵Ӣ鵤λ̷֮ٽħ֮źܿܽˣҲ˸ǿԿ氡
Ҳáһڴ۷׷׵ͷ
ӢʾҲܲΪ濼ǡħǿʥأôԸ뿪ȴԸڴ˶Щʱգ˵ٻøһ졣
Ҷٺ״ʱ˹ЩΡҶȻ֪ΪʲôһЦǰûгᣬѾˡ
ٺһ죺ҶҲħһӣ֪Σ
ȻǻӭҶ㼱æͷ
Ǿʹˡٺ׺ٺһЦ
磬δ㣿ޱʡ
ħҲδ֪ȥ֮ұһ´˵Ҷ˵ţħʱ֮ϣħ֮ٴݻк͹֮֡
һ㣬ȴȥʱࡣҶ㻺۾վҡͷѾеİ֮£ƿ˴õɱ֮˵Ǵۣ֪ʥұѾֺ֮󣬱ʱĿת˺ǡ
ô˵һʥ֮ٺײȤæչʡ
ҲֻʱҶȴҡҡͷǺǿıۣѾȽӽʥֻ֮ʥźÿһֺ󣬱ź΢ĸӦź֮ʥĹͻᷢ벻ı仯ʥĹݻڣо޴ػ֮ݻԱȴáѾͻ谭ҪõʥˡٸȥȴҲˡ
ôǵӦأٺ̲סʡ
ںϣĻˡҶ˵ǻΪ˶ĪĺôҲһ˰ɡ
Ҳá̲סһ󼤶ʱ˵㻹Խ˵ʥźأ
ӰֺѾϸˡҶ˵ȴżʱʱٳ١ҪϻһҪͭٴ뿪ǵĻᣬǣǹ֮ʱһ񣬻ʧȥ֮ǰӵеһС
˼ãԭʱͷͬ⡣
ʵ˵ҵδ۷Ҳͻˡ˵Щһ׵Ĵȴͬ˵ħĸ֮ǿǱʺߣֻ²һ£㽫֮£Ľδ۷Ĵۣħмǡ
ǵҾͲԤˡҶһЦ


455 ޳
ɽˮ֮䣬һͷߴչ壬ɹ̫
峤ﵽɣͨɫΪΣƬԡЩƬ֮ϣĲڵţ¶ǿޱȵ
ȷʵǿʵȼŽ۷ǿҲ£ɽ޵Ĺ֮У֮κޱȵùȴ֮Ωһİ
ʱ⣬֮УȴͻȻһ˿ĸӦ͵һĿܣһӦ֮ɢ̽ΧеĿռ䡣
޵ĸйٹȻǿ̫ࡣһ֮̾Уħһ޿ռһԾһ֣ʱųħֱӴһǿħסħǳ޵ľ˹ȥ
޳ԾСӦȴҲǿ٣һŤתȴɵض˾ħĲơ
һﵹޱһЦּ䣬һֱħзڿлһ񶯣һ޴ǳС
޷͵̧һԺŤ߻ȫһ֮£Ȼ˲ѡ
ʱħҲѾɾ˹һ½Ĳס˲䣬һ޴սĲӣһǿޱȡרѹҲϣ̲ס
ͬʱһɢȫϵսֹԼ˲ҵֿͷ
ȴҲ֪ԼҷȴԼıǼΪµ³ǰǿΣһ˿һֱĸоУõģ
˲䱬ǿ˻֮䣬ӿ۳˾㣬ħݺ߻
ЩҲ£ĳؼɣһСС͡һɣЩһ壬˲䶼һֱ·лɽϺ
һӳȴ𶯣ҵ֮ȴħҲ𿪣ǳһڵסҶ㡣
ȤҶ΢΢һЦּħһŻةһзݺ֮Ծǳ޵ǰ֮⣬ȭӭųǾֱ֮Ӵ˹ȥ
һȭ֮ķǾ֮һ±㱻飬ĲΧ۶ϣݷ졣
ܵԷǿ޴һ֮ʱǿҵĵֿ֮ģͬǿߣȴʱη壬תӡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦħٴγ
һΣƻ޵壬ԲδʹһȴѾ̽ʵʹǡôһ½ס壬ȴҲ޷ѡةǰһȭشǳͷϣ޷һҵһ
ħ磬Ҷ㻺˵ͷӦѾˡ
ʱħ֮УȴѾڷʮǿ޵ʬ塣ǿѾﵽʮ֮ȴֻ֮࣬ʣµҲȫһ㣬ﳬŽ׵ǿڡ
ڣȴ˰ǿʬ壬ħ֮С
ߡҶһͷջة֮󣬳ħ뿪һƬޱߵɽ֡
˵أ޾ۼ֮Ϊɽǧǿ޲
ҶڶЩʬ嵹ô⣬˵κһʬȴǼֵǵı֮˻ɱЩޣΪľ˲õķΪʵ
ڹؼʱ̰ĴģȻڴѶ֮ڲˡʱʱж࣬ÿޣ취ȴ¡
ʱʬѾռ㹻ɱ¾ʱ뿪ɽɽΧһ֮أʼʬ塣
ȴҪַ¯Ѿ򵥣ֻþħƣħħǡ⣬ҲҪķʱ䡣
ֻת֣ʮǿ󣬲ѾħȫڵҶ˵ȴʲô˲õķȴһȺδѻڣȴܽǿķֱԭˡ
ʱᵽ˾ǿײβԭ򡪡ǿ˵׵ѾԼķۣԼעģ޲Ĵ¡ر˳æµǿ֮䣬ȴʱȥ˷硣
룬ȴ뿪Ѿ̫ãҲ֪ΣпʼɹµǰѲ
һʬ壬ʮʱʮֻ޵ʬȫԾ޴ħɲͬķ
㡣һ֣һɢžƵĳ䵽ԭСǽϹâͻ֮ӰڽϣӶ֮ʷƿ֮Уƺͻ֮
һǱɽΪʮͻ֮ɣΪΪϻ꽣˵˽Ϊʮ׷ϣܷӳȴԶһʮ׷ƾ֮ʮǿ߿⣬ʮ۷壬ȴǶ֡ƾܱ֮㰲Ȼ֡
лֵܣԭϲ⣬һϻ꽣֡
ۡҶһ֣һ˸ԲʱԪҵС
˻һֻʮӥ֮ɣһƪħ֮޿ռ䣬ޱǿĹЧΪΪӥ޻˵ͬʮ׷ܳԽͨʮ׷֮úա
лҶԪʮּСĵӥ޻סӦϾ޴Цúϲ£졣
뽭ۡҶַųһȴһҫ°ɫâսսն裬Ųȥδʱֽ⿪ֱסȫ
ףΪΪ¹һֻʮɣһƪħġ˵ػ֮ʮǿɢ¹⻤֣׵ֵǿߵȫ乥Ҳǿɹۣúʹá
лҶҲɱü̲סȭȣֻ״Ϻޱȣȴһ㲻Ӱжֱ
λǿܷ񷢻ҪˡҶ˵ӵʮ׷ʮǿ֮һҪס򣬱һɱɳǰ֮
˶֪ɳӵʮ׷ȴջǱҶɱҲħ磬ɻͷ
ǿ֮Ҷ¦뷨ںһ壬ȴΪԼ
λͬЭټʮ׷Կʮ۷ǿȴҲ¡ҶһЦλһҪŽᣬͬͬ£ȴڸǿ֮֡
ǣ˼æͷ
λۣҲзݡҶһͷһ֣ȴʮ뷴һڴ۵СЩǳŽ׵ʬ죬һֻֻһ˲ŷֵù
һЩʹۿۣܴﵽŽ׷ĳ̶ȡ
Щ˵ȴҲѾǾˡ
һɱ˻Ҳеֵ֮ԭ˷ܵ˵ûƾǵֱӻЩۣ
ֻҪܼסʱںδʱϹǻ档Ҷ˵
һڴ¶ϲɫǲסͷδϣ


456 մ
֮ϣƣһϴ
ǵ㣬һõӣرھиش䡣գҲǺʷǰʢ䣬ǱĹ֮˿ڶۼ˻ʳǸһ֡
գٶʮŸСҵĹȫۼڱ֮Уμ⺮ʷĵһεۻᡣ
԰գʳǸЩһ۷ɣҲǰҫʱ
ξۻģ⺮ʵͨһˣ˫ĳʮ۷ǿߣΨݡλʮ꣬Ѿ۷壬Ϊӽʥ˵Ĵڣ֮ʢ˫ڼǰѾʵλۣΪ˺˵һߡ
ȻͬΪʵرȴʹòʳ֮д۾ٹ򱱺ƳԸķԸ¡
ǱҶɱɳ֮һ
ˣ۲ֻһ仰ۼԼĵ۶֮Уʢ䡣
ʱδλȴѾۼΰĵ۶֮УԼλ֮ϣǰڷһƼȲģȴΧ˵˽
ɺƴۡһλߴʵ˵Щش֮ϣֵñۻģ᲻Ҳֵܷһ˿ʥϢ
ˣǿ̫ˣλɺƴ۷ž⣬ܵõһ˿ʥϢֻ̾ͻ۷壬̤볬֮ʱλ˴˲ǿְ֮
λۣȴСδ볬ǿߡĴۣȴռڴٶˣ۵Ļ⣬Ҳ඼ֵܷһ˿ʥϢԼͻƼ֮ࡣ
ЩĽµĴۣ۵Ļȴвͬǵȴܵõ۵ʹͣóǿķ׳Լʵ
˵ɳɵϣ͵˴۴͵ʮ׷ءһλ۶һλ˵
ʮ׷Ǵ۲𾪣찡˵ܵõһұʱܳΪǿеһԱɳǳŽ׵ľǿߣٵ귨޵У
漴оԼʧæ䣺ҵ˼ǳ˱֮⣬޵ˡ
ȴţɳǡһʱ׶༪١ʢ䣬Ҳ᲻μӰ
ʮ׷ǾŽǿߣĻᡮ׶༪١ǰǴΪȻ
û뵽ɳǿ߾Ȼϡϯ䣬λϢΪǿĴۻ˵·һ㣬Ҫ̸õһƬ죬֮ഫԡ
ʥź֮ô£һһЦΪǵõ˾޴ĺôֵò֪Ǻãȴ֪Ǽ쳣¡
ңֻҲⲻɣ
ҲȻҾɳǰУǣ֮ʱȻ˼ֻδؾͻܵգȥǱˣҲͲʧ
˵Ǿջм˵ֵסֻھʱҲȥҶ鷳ա
ҡͷһ̾
ʱףһλʮĴۻУǰվ·ۣһЦ
λۣòãޱȣһ͵Ϣ˲˸Ӧʱ泩֮
һۼ״멣һۼף͵ϢۼɢȻȴ˲õķ
һ֣·ʱ˽߽Լæ죬̧ͷĿг˾η֮⡣
λõˡڣʱÿ䡣
ңͬʱӦͬ
ϲۣ˳õʥźһλĴ·վֶһأ̬ȹֱǱ۹еūһ㡣
ף۽ʥź֮ͻƼ޷ʥ򣡡һλվ
ţЩĴۣӶվ˵֮һͽֺ֮¡֮Щ׵ĴվһĵЦݣ˵Щû
˰ɡΨ΢΢ҡҡͷ˰֡λմڣǿ֪
Ȼ˾֪ǱѾõʥźԴ޵Сһλ߽״վ΢Ц
һλ˽״ҲվһЦ˵ֻѾеǿˡҺڱ۴£ȴһƬΰҵ˵ǣΪص硣
һλ״վҿͳһͬһչԴֻбһλۣҵΣ
飡ʱһѴվӦЩ۶СۣҲеȹҳ׵Ĵۣں֮䣬ǵλߣǲ롰չ˵ҲûʲôʧǿԽͽΨݡ
ΨݿЩۣ¶һ˿ɲĹЦݣͻȻһһȴڳλŽ״ۣԼλ˽״ۡλ߽״֮С
ǰ
һɣȴʮλǿ߶һ漴ΨֽʮˣʮȻɻȴǲҲӣʱѸٵ˴ףΨݵԡ
۲֪ǷΨݵٻȴȻӣ֪ʮλҪʲôΨݲ޲֮ɫҲû˸ҳ˵Щʲô
λΨݵЦȡʥźλһ仰ޣȴǼһҪԿʥĹ֮ػ֮һҪ취ͨʹǿ޷УᡣΪ˵
һڴţȴΨ֮⡣
ʥźõǾ˫֮رΨݽ˵֮ǰԸȴֵõġ
ϲۣһλüָߺ
ϲЩˡΨҡҡͷȻʥźѾ֣ȴûʥƣʥźܱسȴֻļɶѡʥź֮ɨķֻһ֮ﵽʥĳ̶ȣȴҪֶΡ⣬ȴҪλޡ
岻ݴǣһڴۼæֶ
ʮλȴɻΨݣֲʡ
ãΨЦˣЦ֮УȴһɢֱӽΧʮλ߽ϵĴʱоΨȴԾǿ֮ȫ
˰ˡŽǿ⣬ֻѾȫϤռ֮յһ˿߽֮ǿߣ취ƿݶ
ʮ˲ͷһԼӦһ˿ܿ죬Ψݵ㴫Уʮ˷ģҺǵľӢǽҪ׷޹ͬɴµȴѪʥź
Ѫʥź
ʮͬʱɫ
һ˲䣬һʥĹâΨҫǹâ֮УһʥȻ֣ɢһʥ⣬ΨݵҲΧ
۾ȵؿţȴΪΨҪչʾʥźһɴ۾شţٴۻͷ̾Ψݵƨ˵ΨбŸӵʥźơ
λۼȻԸޣô׳ǵǵɣ
Ψ΢Цţȴһ˿µɱ⡣
ʲôһڴ۶ڵԼĶ⡣
仯̫ͻȻˣȫ֮⡣
ǷӦһȴѾȫסǾ֮УһߴͻȻ֣һĻ£һ㽫ʮλƾС÷ǣ
һʱ䣬Ѫ䣬еʬǷУȴһסֱӷ΢ѪΨݵߣһʥ֮С
ۣǺ⣿һλ״۾ִУʡ


457 ʱ
ʥźҪӴΨݻ˵ʥźȴǿ֮֡ҪȴѾǼ֮¡֮룬һǿޱȵķ޷ﵽʹ˿Ʒֱʥá
΢΢һЦ˵õźǿߣһϾž֮жᱦ£ˣҲֻѪ󷨣λ۵Ӣעʥź֮Уʹ޿ʱﵽһʱˣܽȡʣʥźλǲǿڿ˵Ҫȴǹһеʱ򣬾ͲҪ˰ɡ
Ψݣúݣһλ׵ĴۣʱΨٻץУս£ѣ³Ѫ֮ŭ
ߣߣһλ״ۺۣŻһҪƿ֮ӳ죬Ƿһײ֮ȴȻʱˮݺײ״ۣײѪء
ţһǰȴֱӽǴ۲ڽ£͵ط䣬ֱӽ֮ȳѪ
ķ£滹ҵ֮λԣΨҡͷЦ
ƴˣƴˣһλ״ۿţȫӿһλЭ˹ͬŶΨݣ
ʱΨѾ¶ɱ⣬һڴȴ֪ƨĶûãҲֻһԿˡ֮УǿˣˣĽ׶ˣһ׵Ĵۣȴһٶˣ϶Ϊһ൱ɹۣʮ۷ǿߣҲսʤ
ʱӰȴڴ򣬴űЦɢ
ˣһλȴǵۼǿˣõʥɵ⣬һλǾϴӰ֡һ֣ʱԷӳ޴ͨʹڳλۺȥʱ۴Ǳʮλǵ¡
찡ҲʥźɢʥԵʥźдʱһʱ䣬еĴۼʧȥ˷ģΪٶ࣬Ҳ޷ͬʱԿλӵʥźĶǿߣ
˭Ⱦǰд۾ִУȴѾ
ΪһֻۣһСҲǵλȻ֮ϵٻ󣬶ȻŸľʱۼȴ¶˴һ档
Ĵۣȴҧƴɱֻ࣬κζԷʵ̫ǿ󣬲ñʹʥźʥ磬ֱӽѹƣ޷
ѵҵȵĩ𣿡һλ״۷ŭ
ϲԣ뽵¾ɣ˾ҸԸ׳ҵһУΪҷڣҲдԲɿܵȻ˷ֵعڵ
ʱһҵ֮ͻȻײ˷ţһӰһһ򿪵ĿռŻп֮ϡһ֣ʱֲֺĹֱӺӰˡ
ȻٴѪʥźֶμֱħ죡
λ۲þţ˵ۼǷڤҶ㣬˴ǰȸλλŽΧͬԿΨⱩ
ˣȴҶ㣡
һ֣ħڣħ֮ȻֱӽӰֺȥĻȥɱЩۡ
ۼ˳֣Ȼ֪˵˭ȴҲһ˿ϣЩľѾڹĴֱۣΪϲԼ˾һϲɱܵҶԡ
ħ֮ȴӦϢǲ֪⡰ˡһȴΪ⡰ˡϲ£ôû˵Ϣ
Щ־ᶨʵ߾Ĵۣȴ֪˴󲻼򵥣λӵʥźǿǰΪԼͷǿ֮ˡ
ĿʲôֻҪܱ֮סԼΣֻһΣ˭ϧ
Ҷ㣡Ӱͬʱü
Ψħ֮вһ˿죬漴ͷ
Ҷ㣿ʵ
ΨݣҶ㵭һЦ˹ȥ
ΨҲЦˣǾž֮ʿû뵽֮ϣĲǿߡһֱΪʮ֮ﵽʮ۷壬ȻµһˣҶ֪ˣ찡
佱ˡҶҡͷҶĳ˰ˡ
ҲһΨ˵Ҷֻǫǰˡܴﵽʮ۷ߣһˣ޲Ǿ֮սֻ֮աҶҾϾţΪηҪΪУ֪ǰ֡Ӱֶгͻʥź֮ʱʱǿ߸ʹУƴȻ㾡ȫ񳾰䶨ʥźѾйȴƴƴ˰ɣ
˼أҶʵ
ʥźֻоۼһܷΨ˵һ㣬µõʥźҶ˭ɣȻҶʥźȴδؾܶùźӵߣѾ˵¡ҶҲ֮У˹ͬǻۣѪ֮ʹʥźǿʱ޷ͻƼޣʹܷʥ򣬳ɾʥ֮
а֮ȴҪɾʥֻ֮ҲʣҶҡͷ
λǲҪΪƭӰʱڣԸǰˣǽǻˣһ֣
˵˵ɲǼ䣬ʮӰſռ䲨ħΧΪһλŮӣȡ
ȴԭʮˣǷеʮλۡһ֣ɢǿͬʱԵķЩһˣǵֱԱڳλ𾪲ѡ
ҶǴ֮ˡԪһ˵ҵȣǴۣҶ֮ʾˮ֮УϷȴҪȡκһˣһда֮£
ǣյͷλԭǳ˽ף۷ҲδﵽҶȴ񵤣䷨֮ͻ˼ޣﵽ˾Ž֮ˣΪǴϷʹѣǵȥң
£ڴ۾㵶
ҵ찡ǵķǿȴƲ֮ȴԶԶұ֮ˣһλ״۾
ףʮλʵǿĴۣҲɴ۾סЩ
ʮ׷Ǿʮ׷һλŽ״۶һλȻһ¾ʹλŽһһ찡ҶԭҲһλľţ
ʮ׷ô򵥡һŽ״ӦҸӦ죬ƺԶԶһʮ׷ʹõ÷ܷӳʮ۷Ҳδ֪
Ҷ˾ӰһڴУʱ˸ߺλ֮ƣȴֻŽҶ߲··һ
˵úãԭͷλҪͿʱҶͬЭǱɣ
໰Ψݿԭ΢΢ҡͷͻȻſץ˹ȥ
ʱ֮۳һֱֻ֣ץԭԭüͷһ壬һϻ꽣һӼûһֻͻ֮Σ֮𶯴ķ͵һײǾơ
һ֮УͻʱƴɢȴҲˡ
ķһλŽ״ۣۼϻ꽣ȻܵΨһɺȻԸ̾
ŮδŽ۷壬ܷӳǿһõķܵõҵСһŽ״ǰ̾Ľ
ʱǾȴѾֹסƣԭȥԭԻϻ꽣赲ҶȴѾ֣һȭ˹ȥʱǾƴ÷顣


458 ۹
÷Ψݿħ֮΢΢ͷȴٶ˵һϻֱ̧һתһ֮ݻһ󽣣Ҷֱ̹ȥ
ͬʱǰٻһǰҶץȥ
Ǵ󽣣Ҷֻǻһ˦ħʱŲħֱӳǴ֮ϡײϾħʱ͵һɽȻֻ΢΢ˣƺڻҪһαɱһһٽҶ̴
ҲѾҶǰǴۿҪץħ֮ͷ­֮ϡ
Ҷ㲻ΪֱһȭϷһƺصȭ͵سֱӴľ֮£һ½ƵҲһµڵϣҵķѡ
ǿټһ֮ɨķΨݵͷϧ²ֻһλţ䲻ţȴҲȡ
˵֮䣬һЦʥȸߣɢʥâ֣ͬʱۼɢһ֮⣬ǹâǴʥ֮ʥȵһ˲γһɾ
ǡ룡ħ֮У̲ס
̫ɶˣ֮ޣϹ֮ʱѾ˵Ĵ˵ޣǧѳһͷ⺮ϳ룬Ϊϴ֮ȴ֮ɱɷԼϣǽԼռ
Ϊ˶ռ֮Ȼɱѳһͷ룬ǿɳܣ׻š
ȸ䣬ǲסڵغƽ
Ψݣ֪뽵Ϊȫ˴ͣҶĿһʡ㾹Ȼɱ룬֮˷֮´ϣһ˶ռ𣬼ֱɳ
Ȼλۣȴ֪֮أʱޱȣһΨݡ
һֻްˣôΨҡͷһЦȷʵʮǿ޽ʮ֮ɱǿ֡޽ƳɷֻΪ˼ѡ
жһ𣬸ҵǿЦҶ㲻ҡͷЦ
˵ˡΨֻЦսɱʥźһ޵ʤ
˵֮䣬ʱɢ˲䲼ȴγһķ˶Сÿ˶оһɾ޴·һ㽫ԼԼж
ʥ磡
˲䣬ΨݵǾ޴ϵһѹÿ˶оѣ·ԼĴֿʼսҪԼɳһ㡣
ʱΨͻȻ֣һ֮䣬һǰֱҶ˹һʥ֮⣬̧־һȭһȭ֮У֮Ӱȴһ
ʵʣȴҶһָоؼеˣʱΨݵϣһȭΣʵʵڵشԼϣԼɱ
ʥȭ
֮壬ȴ֮Ҷһħʱ֮ɢħҫʥݺᣬħ˲ɢҶһǰһȭֱӭԷ
һɢׯ֮֮ѹķءһе˶оȫһᣬҪԼѹһãȻ޴档
ҶǵľдۺҪȫ֧ԮҶǱְ֮
ʱдۻӦҶˣǰˡǶϲΨݵʤΪ˾ȻҪƴȫ
⻰˵úãԭһͷλһҶһ֮
ãٴһͷ۵ȼߵʵǿǺޱɢ
أףһλŽ״һλǵվһߣǱһߣǡ
ɡһλŽ״˵Ψ˳Ǹ̫£ǣֻǿʵ԰һ죬Ҫ߶ʥҪѪأֻǱǵһѡ˰ɣ
⻰ǲ١λŽ״ۻͷĬ
ǵֻһ˲䣬һ˲ҶȭѾΨݵȭײһȭ֮УӰһһƴɱ˻صķɢȥ޴ֱײǴʹڶҡ֮Уһ±
ǱƬȴĲֱӺԶһϡ
ֻһȭһʹ˴֮¡
һ±ʣʱ˻ʳǵĻΧİգǾȵʳǣ׾ʲô£ȴ֪һһµĴ¡
ǽرһǿѹ壬һֺˣٲǰʵǿĽ첻һзǰȴҲǰãͱѹֱѹľֺˡ
ȴǳֻɱҶĴʱʱӰֱ˴˽˸ʱ׶Է룬ȻǲԼͬͬҪֹҶ㡣
ʱٺ׺ȴͻȻħɱٺֱӭӰ֣Ц˵Ӱ֣һ֮ȴĶ֣Ҷħп࣬ȴ֮ͻƼ޴ﵽ˳ʮ֮ձ
ЦУʥ֮ȫһȭһֻ㣬Ӱȥ
ʲôȻʮףӰֳԾСħ磬һ˿Ľ֮顣
Ȼֻޱ֮£ɢֱɱȥ
һԿʣҡͷһЦ
ǣԭһԪҡλŽ׸ָ֣һڷ˵Ĵۣһͬӳһ⡣
ҲҪ֣һλǵ״۷٣䲻ΨݵĶ֣һҶǿߣΨʧȥұۣȻҪܣ
ǣһڴۼæͷԷȴǷ˵һɱ⡣
ⲻһüһڻӳͼٻ֮ˡȻǿ󣬵ȴ˶ڣС۳ɴӣз֮һҲС
ˣֻʣҶΨݶˣһƬ֮б˴˶ӣκǵս
ֵÿʱ򡣡ΨԼһ˿ŭɫ
Ϊ޵еĴۣʱ㣬侲Ŀʾˣ־ᶨɽҶ㿴Ŀ⣬һЦ浽˱˻ܣֻʧȥر֮ʱʱ¶ĿһȽϣȴ˷Ц
˭Ƶüˣ񡣡Ψݻ˵һ˿ŭ⣬ȴѹȥ
ʵ˵ǡ˷ЦĲǼֱ¶񣬶ǹΡҶ˵ҽΪˣҾʥˣҲ벻ˡˡ֮һΪˣϲŭ֣о֮£֮Щ¶⣬Ǳ飬ΣԼαװĳָӣ˷Ц
⻰ȴһֵΨαװʥֳ֮࣬ľ
Ҷ㣬ȻΨݴʱŭЦЦУȴŨҵɱ⡣
ҶֻһЦȴһ֣ħֱǰֻת֣Źħ֮һΨײȥ
ͬʱһħħнٶ£˲仯ħ췢ķĿΨɱȥ
赲ΨݴһǱҶõڵصһԾʥ⣬Աħһƴȥ


459 ħħ
ת֣ΨɫЩء
ܸӦת֮Զܸ֮Ӧ½ĹħȻѾ΢ȴǿħһϣȴγһµ
ħ֮𣿡ΨݻͷȻǲСһɾ˵ⷨΪת֣ͭٴķȴб಻Ķ֮֡ϣǿߣ֮ǰȴʧˡ
˵֮䣬ʥ⣬ֱӻһۼ׺ľ޴ŰֻתַȥǷɢһǿֻתȻԲͬȥȴǷȫӭ˹һͶУѹ
ǺǵһǿߡҶ㻺ͷ߸ֳʥͷ­ʥұۣϳ˲ȫʥ˲һɢʥ⡣̧һץбһֻʥ˾ֱ֣ץǷ֮ϣҪץơ
ʱħҲȻףһȭ
һȭһƿײʱȻһ죬ħȴǸһȫҵ𶯡
ħȴһָ˹һ̧һȭȴǴƾˣл֮Ϊһʱ䣬׻ȸ裬ܶ𣬷·ĩս١
ԷҲȫӿ֮䣬Ҳһ񼼡һʱ䣬ȫط֮صؽƵֵ
Ҷʥ˾֣ȫ˺ǷðֻתΧǾֿٵתΪ
ܺáΨݵͷڴʱɱǿߣѪʥźʵһ£
ɱңҶһЦΨݣδ̫˰ɣ
Ҷ㣬㿴һ޴˴ʥĹ֮ջ񣡡Ψ͸һ˿֮ɫҲףΪ޻ͳһźʥͷ­ǹǿʥұۣ
˵ţͻȻâһǹȴʱֳһ˵ķǷʽ£·һһֻץյСС֮һεĵƣпףǿɢķ
Ȼ䣬Ҷһȴʥͷ­еݳһǿҵĲʹľҲܵӰ졣
ʥǰķǼҪʥһʥմȾʥѾ޽ӽʥķǵƣȴͻȻʥӰ֪Ƶĳ˵Ϊħơ֮ٻȺħħΪԼã
ôһǺһƴ
Ҷ㣬Ӧ˰ɣΨݵЦʥ֮ʣľħ׹£ȴһ壬Ȼʥըѣɢγɸصأħƾ͸ʥȣҺϡǧǰǿ̽Һصأ֪һ£ֻϧûʵõʥźʹ˵ơǧ֮ǵĺˡޣȴˣ
΢΢ЦУΨһѽħץУʱһħ㻷ص𣬷·ҪһħȴԲ֪֮عעħֵ֮УתۼԵ仯λǿħ
һλȴħһλǺħҶѾãΪϤħħһʱ֮ǰҶ㹥
Ҷ㲻üͷ塣
ħȻǿҶȴ̫˽⣬ȫаնԸǡǡٻħΪԼսħΨʹħٻħȴ˿һ˿֮ˣܲԲħٻħΪԼսȴʵ̫ˣҶǿҪᱻϳֵħĹ
ħҶӿֱٻħֻһߴĺħˣȴҲٻħ񣬶Էһ޶
ֻħʱϵȴΨݵٻĺħȴ޷һжֻûַųħԼֱӳȥӭԷħ
ʱΨȴŵЦݣֱӷ
Ҷ㣬ʥźˣһӵһħ磬ֱһڵı⣡޽ܻɱ㣬㲻ջһıأΨֱӴһҶ㣬ʥźȻϾ£ΪάʥĹ̫ͨʥ˷ȴͬ侭ǧʥұۣȴҲŵյħƣ
˵Žħһ٣ǵʱħ⣬ֱһ޴ħҶݺ¡
Ҷɫˮʱȴٶ˵һ仰˲ӿʥͷ­ұһâݻһֻųľޱֱۣŶԷħɱȥԼӭǾ޴ħֱһȭݺݴȥ
ȭƣħ֮Ӱһһǰͺ̣ݺݵײħ֮ϡ
Էħʱȴ룬һҵսֱɱҶ㣬ֱ̧һʹ˳
ҶĶãһ߶ԿǾ޴ħһ߻һֻȭħһ³ǵȭ֮ϣʱǿȭֱӻħҲһȥǱ
ҶȫԼȭ֮ϣһħ֮ӰײǾ޴ħħײ߽ɢ
ħӰҫţһΨݳȥ
ΨĿⲻ䣬Ȼ˿͸ĳȣ̧֮䣬ħֱӷ𣬻һ޴϶ȥһħӰ֮Уֻһʱ޾ħӰȫɡ
ҶȭˣȴδܵǾӰ졣
Ψ˿Ҷ㡣Ǿָֻ˲ħƣɢһħħϡһħľɱڿš
ʱħǵսҲֳһҶħȫΨݵҲ˲᣻ҶĺħȻΨݵĺħƣԼȴҲѾζۿ޷ά֡
Էħȴֻˣʱ˹סħ
Ψһħʱɢޱߵս⶷־һȭǿһƣֱźħȥ
ڱħǰ񣿡Ҷħ͵طһ𣬷ǰħһľħ۳Ǿ޴սһ˵ħʱų˹ȥһѽսСǵӰ죬ƾȻһ¾ͻָ˴룬һصϢֱӳɱȥ
ħѾ޷֮ܵħսӰ죬ȴֵһ˿ʱâ෢𣺡ħ޵УΪСܣ
˲˫ȭʣ͵شһϡ
ħս򵱿նһķĵƣħ֮ϣһɱΨݵħ
Ψݲ΢΢ü䣬ʥʱɢһҪݻԼħʹáҶĻֻᣬ΢΢һЦ֮䣬ȴֱһǾħڡ
¡¡ΨȴСӣæȥвħҫһħ⣬һƬʵħ޶ܣֱӵס˾ħڵĺǾ޴ȴǽԶ
ʱħ֮϶Ϊһȫħϣħ֮ȭҶħϣħԺˣΨݵħҶĺħֱӷ飬ҶħѺۣսҲòס
ħǵһðɣҶʱ۷ž⣬ʱ۸ߺ֮һ½ħͨһħҪħֱӻһλλħ
Ҳȷʵģɲ֮䣬Լǿ֮Ȼһٻʮλħħ֮У


460 Դ
ʮλħ񣬱Ҷһ·λħ
ȭħħħսħħսħħħħʥħħħ𡢼Ŀħħߡ
ʮλħʮĵ޴ħʮĵ춯صħ
֮ͽҪţħ٣ɨǰһ谭
ʮλħͬʱڣȴͬʮĵħڶʮĹɾһħ硣
ɾʮλħһ·ųȥʲôǿҲɱˣҶ㣬ֶμֱѾ൱ʥˣ
ԶҶ㻺ҡͷܽʮĵǿħֻΪǽħ֮ʮħȴֻܴħ֮У޷ŵ档ȴΪṩ޴ħҴ߶ħ緢ӳԽ޵
Ȼʮλħһӿħ֮о仯ʮħĴ£һħɢΪǿҵħ⣬ڱЩħĴҲתһħ֮
Ҷħʱ֮ϣеϢͨ۵ߡоԼǰδеǿ󣬷·ԼѾΪħ
һħһħÿһħԼҲһħ·ħ۶һ㣬ʱҲ˴ħ֮Ĺ⡣
ΨݣҿĲħҶķħ֮̧֮ϣħе۳ӿħ֮͵һ·ǰȭͷħ֮ӰֱΨݴȥ
ΨʱӦ˾޴ѹֻħֱԼѹȴ·ħһӣħĵ÷׷һ㡣ȴɫоѣж֮·ʱһ㡣
ȴ⣬Ծ΢΢ͷ
ΪħƵӵߣȻܸӦһȭ֮У˶ٵħ֮ѵҶ㱾Ҳһħķ
ͻȻȴȻҶһǽħԭΪ֮ڿȴħعϵķǵ޵У绢
˲䣬һḬ֮̃ɫȴ鲻Խ֮ġ
ħƣʥ˺һ͵شһߵʥʱɢһʥ⣬ħҲǹâɢޱħ⡣һʥһħ϶Ϊһ˲䱬ǿΨݱ֮ϣȴǣ˲ÿطףޱߡ
ʱΨҫĹâ֮УȴһĻӰЩӰʵʣ˸оϹâУһµ硣
֮УһƬƬĴأŹ޵գһ޴Ӱ֮ƶÿһ£صľ𶯡
ȴһλλԶŵľ֮䡣
Ǿ񣬻Ӱһ֮ʣȴ֮ȼ𣬿ŭ֮䣬ɽ֮һħɢâһ׳Щħ֮ϣ˲仯һλλħ񣬸߸ϣɢħ
Ӱһ䣬ȴɽأˮһݺ֮䣬һֻȴ̤նɢ֮⣬ؼǿĴˡһ½ٵΨݵϣʱ¶ĵЦݣ̧֮һƳ
һУֲͬӰͬ޴һ㣬һҶһȭӭ
ħ磬˵ȭƶǾ춯أΧľսԶЩԶԶŲǰĻǣĿɿڴֻоԼͻȻħ֮磬ĽħƴԼ֮ȴȫȻ޷⣬ֻΪ֮𺳡
ȭײһ
µĳ棡
һ޿ռ䣬ֱӻһռѺԶӣ·һȭײȴҲһ㡣һ񳱣ӿ˲֮£ɢԶսеλֻãЩδﳬĴۣĲһ壬Ȼ˲ʧһԭأһʱͬľż
ԶЩֱӻ˹ȥֻǿﵽƾĴ󽫣ЩСһֻǴʧ
ȭ֮£ΨݻҶ㣬ȴ˾޴ѹԶԷϾֱлһеܣ˽ȫ֮ȴ࣬Ժ֮£ζһڿѪϵԿ˴˶ܣԼͬͬʱһǿƿ
ԶԶط˳ȥ˲ٶɵľ롣
ΨȫѪ멺ϵĹâݣȴʱϨһ㡣ֱ΢΢еĲħҲҡµǣħеħ֮ԴȻƴ֮б壬Ʈ䵽档
ʱȴڿС
ҶҲûõȥ
ħϵĹâҲ뷨һ㣬ݣڲҲҶ㱾ҲѪ˿Ƚ֮£ħ֮ʤ뷨һȫ棬ʹҶ㲻ܵССˡ
ħеĲħһ֣һħ󷨵ӿֹҶ㣬ħ֮Уܵߣһƶʱָ糣
ˣʮλħʱɢ޴ħٵزħʧҶвɷųâסڿеĲħħ⡣
ǲǼ򵥵ħ⣬ǲħƵ֮Դǵ֮ɢǿħĸڡܽһԴõ֣ȴǶ˲ħһ֮ߣȴ׳
ΨݵȻҲʱȴϢһʱûǰȥһԴӰˣȻҲǹԴҲۺ죬αǿвסȴҲ޷ȡ
ħƣʥ˺չһΨҧҧȻǰȡȴйԴ֮ħ֡ǵƾոջָȫСʱħɢһħȴٻԴʥҲɢ˵ʥ⣬ָΨݵȴҲǰħٻԴ
ԴһعУħƱʱӾٻħħæΨݻָ
ԣŲϧһҪȽԴأʹ֮ҶС
˽֣˽Ҷȴͬǿһӵйͨħ֮һħ磬ȻǿһԴҶȥ֪Լһսֻ
ڲħƵٻ֮£һԴղȻȻƶһһΨеĲħƶȥһ̫ǿˣȴʹħƺԴȫжϣ˥Ĳħƣȴ޷һء
ҵĻᡣҶħʱ֮ϣ͵һ֣ħħ֮Ϊ˲ħзһ±㽫ǹԴס
ңΨݷһȣƴȫħСʱǹԴҵȴҪħĿơ
ǹԴ֮УȻӿصħħͻȻݻһԾޱۣ͵ץסħһţӲǽħһ³ſǹԴħĿƣһµ˳ȥԸٶŲħƶȥ
ѾٻħȴҶԿܲҶһħ⣬ħն裬һ½ħޱ۽ʵ÷飬һٴνݶȥĹԴס
߶ҪԾħԴȫɣǹԴǿޱȣȴ·𲢷ֻһ⣬֮һ㣬һǣȫס˾ħħʴҶ޷ֻ֣֮ܽħѹ
ΨȻҶᣬУȴϧȼΪ˲ħСʱħɢʥȸӦȻҲɢ˸ǿħС
ǹԴ֮䣬ȴݻһ޴ıħצץס˾ħҪϾ֮ϡ


461 ħ
ԸҶ㷢һȣȼ֮һȼ֮ħеʮλħȴʱը
ħڴˣ֮ͽҪǺεȳ裡
ħһһŭĹâУȻֱӷһ˲䣬ͨħͨһʮıһħ֮ͨͬˮй£ֱ䵽ħ֮Уħ֮ϣ
ɲ֮䣬ҶоԼѾȫͨħʱһħһ𣬾Ȼɢأÿһضһħںϣħ֮ħںϣݻһǿħ
ħڲҵ·Ҫ֮·
ô£㵴С
ħǿħ۽찡ôħ٣ѵħҪ뵽ħ֮𣿡
Ҫд·ˡйâ䣬ȴۣ̾ڶȴǿʼޡ
λħ֮оôٱĿ֮ǰȴҲһ
ۼæͷڵؿʼˡ
Ҳ̾ӦǹʼޱһĿǿвֹͣҶΨݵս֣ȴˡ
ʱȫУӳԽƽȴҲ൱ȫעˡ
֮ͨУһħǲϵ£ע뵽ħ֮У뵽һħ֮ڡħ֮УҶħݻɵħ񣬴ʱټֱħħЩħʱ۾һ׳󣬻ӰֱӸħ֮ϣſڷ
ͽħҰϢԵ䲻һǿУԴˣֱͬ˴ˣ
Ȼȴħ֮ͬʱҶ㣬ڱΪʹõħ
ħ۶һȫħʱ֮ϣҶذΧһվħҫ۵ĹâԭҰ֮еħ֮ͻȻתħһ·ѳǣ˫֮У˫ȫںϣʹ˫ֱۣӻöħǣ
ʱҶ㣬ȴ·ǻһ磬ħңӦһߵħ
һ仯ʱصľħɢ˲ɢΧӦǿҲãӰҲãȻӣһʱ˳սȫħ硣
ʲô仯Ӱ̲סгôӦһ˲õĶҪٵ˼һ㣿
磬ħ磡дһ˿
ħ磿ӰһȻѵҶħ磬ȻĿԻһħ򣬳ħ֮
Ӱ֣һʼʹˡٺɢħ磬ЦˡҶֻύΪСҿңٿɣӰֻ֣¾˵ĩգɣ
һֳӰ֡ܵħӰ죬ӰľѾʧأʱȴٷӳǰȻٺ׵Ľս֮Уʱ·硣
ֵڷˣԭ˷ܵؽţҲ⣡
ǣ
Ĵ£ˡۣʱҪԵɱȥޱ֮µǲɢΪɱйɱȥ
Ҷһ磡
ôˣôˣΨȻŲħƣӦҶħɢ˲ȴһּȵСоħ·ħ磬·ħѾħںϡ
䷢չȥݺҧһȼȴǲϧһдۣҪһħƵĹԴ
ʱҶȴͻȻһ֣شһȭ
һȭƽ棬ɲ֮䣬ħ֮ȭۣݻħ֮ȭƣͬħ˼䣬ħһ㣬Ψݶȥ
Ѿǳʮ۷ɱȣѵҶ㾹ȻҪﵽʥ֮˲ɣΨݴһɻԵǰȴҲĶ־ղħƣȴӦȻҲΪħвһϲнʥź֮Լ֮ħ֮ٴκ϶ΪһһֱӽħƼ˳ȥײһȭơ
˲䣬ǲħƱþ޴ޱȣ·ҪҲѹȥһ㡣޴Ĳħһǽһܣһ½Ҷȭƶֵסʹ֮ԽΨݡ
Ƭ֮䣬޴Ĳħȴҵ֮ϳһѺۣȴȭƹħӰϳ֮£شѣںһ鿪Ǿ˵ȭȻ٣һΨݴȥ
ħȴѣѵģȴֻԻľ޴ǡʱħƱţȴҲΨݶȥ
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦһץ䣬һλħʱһѽħץУҪ齫ħ硣
ʱһռѺͻȻԸҫһӰʥâޱֱѺг˳ޱ飬ּһȭ˳һȭ֮Уޱߵ֮۶˲ͻ֮ӰƺƵֱӳҶȭơ
˲ͷųޱߵȻһ½ħĺɢʣȭƣȴƺƵҶ˹ȥ
Ψݲһ漴ҲллͻȻ־Լǿߣȴһջ˲ħƣͬʱħƣٽǲħƹԴٻ
ƷⶫΨΣ֮пɼһߡΨΪһƷһɲǼȴǱ¶࣬·һֱ۵㲢δֵʮλǴۣȴɾü¶м֮ɫ
Ǵ˳ֻ֣±Ѿɡһλ˽״̲ס˵ڴʱȴֻǼԼķƷУ˳䡣
Ǹˣһλ̲סҡͷһ̾ȴҽ˵ꡣ
˺ȻԹҶȭƣλŽ״УһλſУɸ̾
һλǿҡҡͷȷʵҲֻҶ൱ѡΪҶһȭ˲ħƣȭۿۣԴһȭȽҶȭƾʣ֮ɱҶ㡣
˭أһλ̲סʡ
ϲǵһλͭٴۣ档ǿľŽ״˵㿴ޱ飬Я֮ȴûһ˿˵·ֻһηȴ봫֮ͭٴһ޶Ӧ
¿ˡһλ۸̾
֮УĺѾɱҶ㣬Ҷȴ䵱һ£һЦ֮䣬֣ħ֮ʱӿ𣬻һֻƣһ׽ȭ͵һģʱȭɢ
棬ˡҶˣ˵
Ҷ㣬ǵۼ˺Һÿࡣ濴Ҷ㣬ޱ˵ҲʹʥĹ֮򣬽ͻƾŽ׼ޣһԾﵽʮ۷塣ǽһȫͨ޽ӽʥˣ
Ҷ㣬˶ٺ󻺻ͷҲˣѾֻһˡ
ʲô˶Ѿﵽ־ˣ⻰ɾʧ
ɫ࣬λ֮ϲľţͻȻоһС
˵ۼϵһʮǿΣһõʥźΣǽʥźΣ
һУﵽ־ʵڣ
ʥˣҪ֮е𣿡̲ס


462 ֿɼʥ֮
֣նţޱ˲ֵء
û뵽Ҳ֮졣Ҷ㿴˵ɼø
ʥĹ֮У֮ɱΣʶƽɱ֮Ȼ˻δĻǣȴҲõʱ˵û뵽ʱȴá
û뵽һڴʱͻƾ磬һǽڰɣҶһЦ
ұΪʱǶܾˣʱ˵㲻ˣҲûʲôҲʵõʱҿǿһս˵һստԽϱڡ
ҵҲд⡣Ҷ㻺ͷ
űķ֮ϣȴͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣЦ̺֮ģȴǾǿɱ⡣
Ҷһ֣ħʱʱҪǲħƹԴħ֮СΨݲɫ䣬ҶԿʱе˴˹⣡ʢ㲻Ķˣ
ȴҲֻרĵҶ㽫ǹԴħ֮С
ˣΨôһĨŭĺ⣬ҧгݡ֪ԼѾȫˡ
Ϊʥȣͬʱʥǿķһλǿ֣ܺɨһУʵԼ׳־Ҷһ֣һбȫˡ
Ҷ㣬޼סˣ޺޶ȴͻȻʹݷ˲ȥ
Ѿˣħʧȥ˹Դ֮Ҷȴ෴ﵽʥ˵ľ磬Ҷ㽻֣ʵ֮١
ħȻᣬǹԴǷǷɵľʧȻǾ޴ʧħպȻٻٴǿĹԴԭ֮
֮£ҪΨݲѡһõĻᡪҶжţû
òҶۼȥȴ˿δᣬֻǼоʼħеľ޴
ǹԴʧȥ˲ħƵĿƣ㰲ȥȴҪѹҶ㷢֣ԼҪȴҲ£ˣֻħ֮Уȴᣬȫ׼Ը档
ǻлᣡۼΨȥⲻɫһ漴һӰ֡ʵǿޱȣȴҶĴСҺֻҪƴܾˣɵõĺô
ӰҲһ˿ϣʱȫֵסٺ׵Ĺȼϣ֮ȫӣһʱȴٺ״ƽ֡
һţ֮·һͨ򿪣ľ޴ԴԴϵ͵ϡǷ֮ʱҫ۵ʥ⣬ʥҫ֮Уһ˰ס
һı໺֣ׯϣ˾ǡһĻΧռеţת֮䣬ȴ۵˫ȭ֮ϡ
ʥٻ񣡡һȣʱ͵ػȭǰػһȭӰ𣬵ڶȭ֮񸡶˲Ҷݺݴȥ
ޣƺһ»˫ȭƣҶɫȴ۾Ǿ޴֮ʱĿֲоָо֮УԼҵһһ֮˿һУȫ
Լ֮䣬ƺǿһŻŻ֮вһееů־ǴţŶ롣
ָоûά̫ã鲻Խȥʱȴʧˣʱ˹ʶԼԵһԵȭơ
ʥҲʥ˵ķˡҶ㻺ҡͷŷżʱĸܣͻȻ̧һȭ
ֻһȭ
˲ħ·ֱӱ˵ףޱߵħҪǮƵٲֱӴһħ֮СҶһȭ֮ʣЩħʱȴûݻκζֻһγ˵籩һֲȭƣײһȭ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ȭ֮еޱ򣬱㱻籩øɸɾɢ١
ǵȭƵķ籩ֻ˵ڶȭƣȭ֮еʱʧǵׯϣһУȫֿѵǾ޴ķ籩һ±籩Уͬʱһϵϣȴǳײ㡣
ãȻӣɲǼӦһֲ֮סҲ룬ʱ͵غһǿɱУסһǿߺת֣һʹݷȥ
⣬һ֣ӰҲӦֲԤУжȴϺһߣ˱ӣ͵һתҲٺ׵ĹƣֱӴ޿ռȥ
ٺʹˮһлɱȥδ׷Ӱ֣ನȴҲӹӰֱˡ
漴ٺתȭƵȴ
ʥ֮ĻҲ˰ɣɸ̾
ʱҶȭƷ籩ѾȫԷȭƷ飬籩ҲΪʱѾûһʼơڰٺ׵пǷ籩ȴŻһеĴܣ˹֮ս
Ҷ㣬Ȼһ籩ͷһʥ⣬͵һֱݺݵײص籩˲䣬ըװĺһһ㽵ΧĴǧٿס
֮һвƽȴѾˣֻ˺۵Ĵأͬץһ㣬Ǳ˽¡
أٺ׾ȵȴӰӣӦϢ
ѵʬ޴ˣȻ
ħ֮УҲƴӦΧȻҶ㣬һȭôҸоѾԽʮ۷ǿߵӦѾ൱ʥ˰ɣǲǱһȭˣ
Ҷ㻺ҡͷȷȻûʥźҲһӴʥ֮ţʱпŶ룬ɾʥ֮һ㣬һȭȻҴռϷ磬ʵһȭǷΪȭƣǰɱȥһһһȭȴǴƽ֡
ôأޱʱټ񣬲ɺʡ
ˡҶһЦһȭǱǿôһ㣬ٴȥҲûнʤңɴһ֮˵еķռδ֮£ҿҡ֮ǿޱȣҲ첻ķҲһ֮Уʲôδ仯ԲŴҴ뿪
㣬Ҳ㣡Ҷ㣬ħһ㣬ȥʲôȥˣ
ˡҶҡͷΪһ֮ʣѾһָӦ
ʲôӦ׷ʡ
ͨȻͨšҶ˵ʥźѾȫҵ֮ЩͨģӦЩǿ߲ŶԡҲֻͨͨУȴܿơ룬ڿͨʥ֮
˵ţһֹ֣׷ʣȴħ磬¶ֱݣ·Ǵ۵һЦλΨѾߣȴкδ㣿
лҶ֮ʱкǵļλ״Ҷ㹰ʩǵĴ£Ƿ׷л
ҶʱΨݵѡʮλУǿһλŽ״˹Ҷ㹧һ


463 ʥ
λۣγƺҶ΢΢ͷΪǱΨѡɱԡ
Ǵ۲ɳһǺۣԭɡ
ԭۡҶ㵭һЦ˵ͷ
ۣסһλŽ״ǰΪ
ۣһᣡҶͷһͷ
Ҷԭɹ˵ҵʮˣȻΨݵѡɱȴʵûᣬͬıڳλ
׼æ˵ΨݽҲֻΪʵǿʱõǡǶףò֮ʱҲᶯɱǡ
ʮԼսûгְۣʵԭ˵ҶҪδҵȶȻܡֻǣҵΨһ
ΪΨݵɱǣһЩͽ״ۣڶдС
ԭüһǼʲô֮ǰΨδ֮ǰȴڸ֮ʣеñ˭
㡭ЩɫüΪѿǰҶԵй뿪ڣҶȴһ֡
λ˵Ψ֮ǿףһλ۲ǾֻΥĸ̣ΨѾߣλȴˡԴ֮֮ǰ˭ҲҪᣬλۻǷδĺá۵ˣδǣҲûΨͬɱǣλ㲻Ҫˡ
лҶ׷ֻ֮ΨݻҪԭ˵ţһ֡Ҷ۷˽ΨŽһǿˣػ˲ŲΨݡ֮£˵ףȴѣֻе¸֮˲ܽҶȫ
˼ˡҶһͷתۡλǿߣʮˣڼս֮ʱûΪΨѡǣΨΪǣȴֵΡڴ˵պᱳǣǿţ
Ȼһڴۼæͷ
ǺáҶ˵Ǳһˣʮˣ¡ΪŽǿߣºǿߣǵְֹ֮ΨݷˡвߣΪѹɱ֮
ǣһڴȻвģһηҶ㣬Ҳʮ˵׷׵ͷ
ʵϸһ룬Ҳֻʮλǿߴ죬ԼжԿΨ֮ɱǹԼˣҲȻⰲò
֮£ԼɡҶһͷħзֳʮֱ֮ʮԭҰ֮С
Ҫ£ֱҹͨΨݸٻףֱӺң֮вýѣɱΨݣ˵
лʮλۼæʩ񣬱糼һ㡣
ҲλءҶһ֣һԭ˰ΧħУת֡񣬽ٺҲӭħ磬ʱƿռȥ
üһٺһħ磬ʱħı仯㵵ضһħ˰ΣŲɸ̾ǰħ򶼰ᵽħ˰
ôħ硯֣ޱ޵˵
кδ㣿ٺ̲סʡ
ҪλͻȥǡҶһЦתԭһ֡ȴǶˡ
ңԭ˼æ֣һĻ֣̿Ԫ˵ҶҿһҲѼŽ֮ܵõӥ޻ľʮ׷ҶҵĴ죬ΪҶЧһСô˼Ҷ˵л֣
ǡҲǳϻ̳Ͽ֣Ҷˮ𣬸ǽ磬͸ԶʦƣΪΪʦ£ĸл֣
ԭҪ˵лĻҶȴһֹˣλʵһҲ಻£ȴõġ֮ͨУһأҲЩأڷżս֮УһӦңʱ뿪ѰǴ֮ˡˣȴصΪУǷĻȥʹ԰ɡ
ǣһڴۼæӦ
ٺҶԣһȴûʡҶħ磬ֱƿ谭֮ͨǣһڴ۰˺ʱֽ֮ͨС
ʱٺײ̲סʵҶ㷽˵֮ͨأʲô˼
ʱֻƲ⡣Ҷ˵һս֮УȻңҲֻ˿ѣһˣȴɡ֮ǰұɻֻͨʥ֮ɡ룬ʥΪҵźȴܿЩͨ
ٺ׵ͷ
֮۽̸֮ʣȴѾħ緢ʼϤ㡣Ҷ˵ȴ֪ʥܡ
ô£ܷһٺʱȤ
ħǿǾ˹׼
ҲûʲôҶһЦʥڷ֮䣬ȴʲô⣬ʥдﲻ룬ʹһʥֱӽɱʥʮǿʥȴҲ˺ľܻعʥ򣬶һ䡣⣬ȴѾǰˡ
ꣿٺһҵûλʥôԶ֮ǰǰѾԶʱ֮ˡ
ʥڷԼָڼǧǰʼɢγֱͨͨԲҶ˵ʥźҲǻǧǰʼɺٻǿ߽ʥĹܱ˴ʥĹõѡ
ʥźٻǣٺȻô˵ʥȻ飿
顣Ҷҡͷһֱܰˡȴ档ǵۼǵ¦ҲãΨҲãʹѪ֮ͨʥźȴַͨʽѲʥʹʥ˶øУӶǡ
ԭˡٺ׻ͷ
ʥź۽һʥᷢȴûҶ˵ħĶϤ֮ԴõĲֲкⲿȴǲá˵¦Ѿ֮һȥѰʥˡ
ô˵ҲȥѰʥ˰ɣٺһǱһõǿд²ֻҽҪȫʬɣҵû£õʥ֮ܣὫ֮ԼΪһ壬ʱʱܷʥȻַСɫ㲻ͬҲʱ˵ͻڰ;ɱˡ
ֿܡҶһЦôǰԸԸһ֮һʥ
ǻ˵ٺ˵һλʥ˲սɽһҫһս֮УҲԱ˴ǧˡ
ãҶһͷֻƾǰһ仰Ҷϲǰʧ̸֮䣬ħȴѾάͨʥؾ֮أȥɡ
˵ţһħʱ˳ͨȥ
һΣֱ֮ãСͬ磬ڵħһڴħһȫУʱ֮һռŻͻƶһƬޱ֮С
֮Уǳ纣Ʈţһ㣬ﲢڵģйкڰһ޴ɽǳ֮ƶţһӵ׳ۡ
𣿡ޱ磬һľ֮ɫ
Ҷһͷ󲻼򵥣ֻһأȴصҪҵʥ֮أҲס


464 ᰴ
ͷʱٺʵ
֮ǰ֮⣬޷Ҷ˵Ϊδ磬δ֪֮ر仯ԵʰɡӦһˡ
˵ţȴͻȻ¶֮ɫһޱæʣôˣ
˵ءȻֵ顣Ҷ˵һ˵һȴۣĪŵʣˣôһֱң
Щ飬ȴʮơҶ˵
Ҳɣٺһ
ҶһͷȻ鲻۶ɣȴǷѪĽϣСƺһСɾӣаٶ˰ɡ
ǿ߲𣿡ޱʡ
֪ҶҡҡͷĬƬ̺˵㣬ȴʲôҲ㲻֮УϤȴʧˡȵǴ˵ɣЩȻǿʵҲʥ伶ǿҲƾΪǡ
Ȼô飬ٺ׵ǺúܣһŹȥһ۵ļơ
ħ΢΢һƬ֮󣬱һ޴ƮɽǰҶֱ¶ħ֮Σӽɽ壬ɽϱʱʮ˷˹һ½ħΧס
ЩͨѩʮᣬҲŮеӢŮɫݣȴ·Ǵ˵еһ㡣ǶʵףȥһƮݳ֮С
ʲôˣΪ׵һУǾ٣ְϳ֮ϣЩɵشħ֮ʡ
ǳúÿħУޱһŮɸֱ̾Ǵ˵еһ
ﵹҲɽɡҶһЦ
м˲ʥ伶ôҲԷУȴˡѵΪ֮ʣ
Ϊǵʡٺҡҡͷδħ磬ҲܸӦϢﲢǿʹκ鶼з֮ĵط
ɸ̾
ʱħе֮ȴͻȻתƬ֮ҶһͷħѾϤǵĵϸЩ飬ȴʥ֮֮ಿ֣ϱʥе֮͸塣
ﲢ޷ħ̽飬ǱӴĳЩ󣬲֮ܿޱ˵
ʱħĬ⼸ɫȴΪ׵оһ֮䣬ɽʱַʮˣȴһٶ˵С;ӣȫԱ룬ħΧסЩˣȫ֮ǰʮһ㣬ƤѩòӢֶʮᡣ
ԣʱΪ׵ľͻȻһ漴ü˲ҵͬ壬֮ˣ
֮ˣ˾
Щʣ᰽֮ٴħǣ֣˵
Ҷʱͷħ֮㶯
㾿һˣ᰽֮УкĿģٴǾ˵ţȴγ䳤ǽҲ֮ʵдգȴԶʤѰı
˵Ѿһַˡ
γ䳤ЩʵһѣǷһ
һˣҶһЦеġ硯кܶ𣿡
ٵɫԽ˵ʲôȴ󶮡һ˵һ߽ҶܸӦһ֮ӿ֮ȴŨʥϢ
Щ˵ȼʵȴǿŵ棬ƾǿ߱Եֵϳ׵
ҵ˼ǣһ磬֮кܶ磬𣿡Ҷʵ
ӴЩ飬ΪǽȴͨӴħĸ˽⵽ЩԴ뷢չԼһЩϸϢԣ˵Ҳֻʱѣ塣
㵽һˣǾĿøΪ䣬᰽̫ɽؽף㾿ʲôˣٴǲ
ֻҲûвĻˡҶ˵һĻЩսʿʱȫ䱸ֵٵһս󣬶Ҷ㻢
ʱһâȴԶ˲˽ǰһΡӢһ֮£ףȲ
£ؽ׼ˣһʱʩǱΪȴֻһ֣Ҳһֻۣסħ磬΢΢һЦ᰽ۡԶǿͣλѲ絽ʹСƬ̣Σ
ҲáҶԼãԽǽӽЩеλߣԽЩһУǵ˵ͷ
Ҫʥ֮زףЩ齻ϢҲһ;
ᰴ۵˵ͷڴ·ҶԶȥ֮󣬱һСϡСֻзڤʳǰСϲ˻Ľȴɢ͹â
ᰴҶһ󹬵빬С
Ҷܣ˲࣬ϿҲֻмǧҡ뷽һ֧˵Ķ٣ͿԳơؽд֪ˡ
ôһ䣬ħȴֵóµϢҶʱ֪᰽ȴʥбȽСһ磬һֻˡЩ˸ʥ仯ܶɣ˵սʿһͨա
ڷ֧飬ȴƵľӣǴ˽߾һССվѡ٣ȫսʿҲǾˣ˶飬ȴ֧ÿ֧ˡ໹һЩ֮ǰСӣֱش˽
λѣ²κһͰɣᰴҶ󣬱㿪żɽЩͨıȴó͡
Ϊ硯Ҷ㷴ʡ
Ȼ֮ˡᰴᵽ⡰硱ʱһĿ֮ɫ
Ҷͷ΢΢һѵ۾Ȼ֪Լڵ粻ǿʥʵ粻ɣ
˼ǡҶʡ
Դ˽е֮ʱǡᰴ˵ʱһ֮ҵʶ֮Уʹ֪İأľǵ磬ȴһʥɣ֪羰ȴǱʥɱľǿ߲֪ʵ֪С
Ҷ㵹ǳԾСƬ֮󣬵õЩϢħȴָЩ˸ҶʱȻ
ԭ֮еܴ࣬ﵽĳ־磬һݡλѾ̶ᰴۣһעҪΪ۵ĴڣԶʤˣͲϽȻȻȻرƾٳɻʡ
Щһʱǣȴ֪һĿƣȫ˼糣ʱҪڸĸ䲻֪ĸ֮к⣬ȴҲҷӶΪһ㣬ЩǾӰ죬ǳءңȻƾǿΪһȶ󣬲ŽǾӰ죬ܰԼ־
ʱѶÿҲֻɵְλְһֱȥΪǵλǡ족ɵģҲӲɻ󣬲ҪԽλıˡ
Ҷ㲻ɰ̾ͬʱҲ̫̾Ȥζ
ͨսʿͬᰴǿߣѾȫʥӰ죬֪˸İء
ȴȫʥֽ֮⴫˾ȾЩ֮áЩǿΪʮ˽Ȿ˶ͻƴ˽絽磬Ӵɡ
֮УҶԸпȴͻȻüͷһ塣
ȴħ綴Ϥǰᰴе뷨


465 һ
ᰴۣ϶Ҷ㹧ʵȴǰز֮ģȻҶѣȻӺȡҶ壬ʹԼͻʥ޷ͻƵ磬ʵ֮С
ôˣкأҶ㵭ʡ
㵽ʥȻͼıʥˡᰴ˵ҿ԰õʥ
ԴƺûʲôôɣҶʡ
̸ôᰴһЦʥǴǵĸĸҲǵһվǱһղýѣܵʵлһܽʥȡߣȴǽǡ
ܺáҶһͷ˵ȴ֪ʥ֮ˣ
Ȼᰴ۵ͷȴҪȷһöҩ
˵ţ̧Կһץץһöĵҩһǵҩ㵱շɶҶҶֽץУħ֮ʱǵҩΧϸطƬ̼ⵤҩı
ǺҶ֪ʡ
ʥ֮أǾ޿ܵġᰴ˵ʥԾ֮𣬾ʮǿҲʥһ֮»ҷ𡣶֮ܽߣΨʥ֮ӣҲҵȡһöҩʹʱӵʣƭʥġ
𣿡ҶЦˡ
°ɣºǰĵشõʥᰴ˵
дż֮⣬ȴѾȲӺҶ㣬Զǿޱȵˡ
㵱ҿĻԣ͸ⵤҩıʣҶЦһһ½ǵҩ÷飬΢ⵤҩܸıҵʣȴҵԭҰҵǣʹлȡҵ壬֮ͻʥķʵ磡ᰴۣϷݵҲ͹ˣ
ᰴɫһ䣬ĿһĨ֮ɫ漴ֱޱɱȡ
ʹΪҵȴѡʹ֮·һ̧֮ʱ㶯һ֧ɲǼߣɢϢЩϢٵۣʮ֧ÿ֧϶Ũҵʥδ֮ǰѾˣǿʥϢġ
ʮ֧˲һҶ㡣
Ҷ㾲λ֮ϣһһʥȴӿ˲ǰһʮ֧Ȼޱߣһʱȴ֮ƣţ֮ơ
漴ħһħзױ㽫ʮ֧ж΢һ㽫ʮ֧ȫ˵֮ȫսС
ˣħ͵һǰᰴۡᰴ۾֮мԶԶ㿪һҧֳּ̧һ֧󣬶֮϶Ϊһȫ֮һȴһаĹס
Щ׷Х֮͵Ҷſ֮䣬ȴһĺţΧĿռʱ¶ȴ󽵣˪ڵɡ
һжʮö֮࣬зĹâɢžϢЩţĴ˲Ѿ˼Ӳı֮ȴ̺˾޴ҶĿһɨ㿴ǻЩţеıʱըѣɾˡ
ʮöףȴںŻõæŶԸЩʱͻȻ𹥻ҧá
СѡȻ￴ȴֵһᡣ赭дһ֣һһڰֱħзվһȴʥħĹ밵֮һֱںΪһһ밵磬һ±㽫ЩС
밵ľУЩһ±ʵ÷飬ЩըѾ΢
ʥħһ³ǹ밵֮УֱعⰵתʹĹⰵ֮ƽѭȴɱǰȥһ½ǶʮöҲУⰵ֮䣬ʮöײҲ΢
㵽ʲôˣôôǿᰴϲҶּױƵɱУȴͬһ򶨣вһη֮⡣
ʸʻɡҶҡҡͷһ֣ħʱȥֱᰴ۲ȥᰴ۴֮˫һƣܾʱӭ˹ȥɢ޴ձը
Ǳը֮⹬ҡȴ赲ħƬ̡ħֻһ顢һ㽫ը֮⡢գһֱȥһᰴ۵ϣס
ᰴ۾ֵÿרľħֻԼϵħϵߣħȴûͣ˼·ǲԼɾһ
ʥĺľǷиǿʥÿЩش𣬳ֻҪɢˡҶ㻺˵
һۣڲᰴ۴ʱһ󷢺ݣһâɲǼ䣬һʥϢΪģ͵ΧɢȥһֱɵԲԲ֮Уϼײ֮±˾޴ʥһȻըĲ۳һ֮Ҷȥ
ȻһۡҶ㻺ͷ֮ʣɱֵһޡ
˵֮䣬ħȴʱӿޱʥ˳ˮһгʥͷ­ұ۵ʥâ˲Ϊһ壬ֻ֣ռ±㽫е֮ץУֱ󱬡
ƣʱԲȴ˾޴͵һ֮䣬ʥʥϢҼ𣬾Ȼħֱ𿪣ᰴһڱâһʧ
ɶ񣬾ˣܻؽһ
ޱȴһЦҸӦȫ޷Ѿħ磬ǹߵ𣿡
ޱмʶٺһЦҲ˸о㣬ǿ𣿡
ʥ֮Уħȴ޷ⶴϤһСҶ˵ֻĳӴ֮󣬲չ㣬˽ȥ֮£֮£ԼδĸֿܡѹƣֻᰴҲ˵ʵ罫ųȥȻҸǿæֻҪһ·ٹȥָܷܡʥУҲֻܿ£֪繹죬ɫ֪ᰴ۷˵ġġںδνС
Ǳȥɡٺ׼æͷı磬ɱռ˴
Ҷһͷħʱʹݷ׷ᰴ۶ȥ
Ȼᰴ߰Σħó֮ħѾϲȴȫϢ׷Ƿ㡣ҶʹĿħħ֮ʱ۲ᰴһһӲҶġ
һ·ᰴ۶֪ȴ᰽һ߽磬ᰴȴ͵һ·֮ȫʥϢһ¾ƿǵ߽磬ʧ
ħ׷˹ȥǷ޴ʥϢȴᰴ۸׵ƿ߽磬ֱ׷˹ȥ
Ǳ߽֮⣬һƬ磬оȴ᰽Ҫ֮࣬ΪǿʥϢҲΪŨǳ᰽Ҫ࣬ɼһǿ磬ҲиǿĴھС
ᰴһ·ɱȴ֪иӰһ·С
м䣬ҶȴͻȻ΢΢üӦһᰴߣȴͶһһ
ôˣٺʱӦ֪ҶǷʲô˵£æ׷ʡ


466 ֹɱ¾
ɱ¾һɱ¾ڽСҶü
ɱ¾ٺһ
ѵһ˵صǿߣɱ¾ʥ壿ޱʡ
ҶһͷǿҵʥϢǲϴģ˱棡
ɱʲôٺһĲ⡣
ɡҶ˵ѾһʥЩʥǴޱȵʥ֮ɱ׳Լ
ôаҲɵóһ
˵ѾνааˡҶ˵Ϊʱֻ࣬һʥһΪǿԼ伫ʥ
˵ţħ͵һȴٸᰴۣתһȥ
Ҫִ£ٺʡ
ʥҲˡҶ˵ۼɱ壬ֹܲ
ֹͷȻôȥǿʱҲĶˡ
ǵȻҶҡҡͷҵѾﵽһޣ˵ٷӳٴνӴʥ֮šҲֻʱԱѣܳñ֡Щʥ壬Ҫʥ֮Ӷܸشﵽ״̬Ŷ룬ɾʥ֮
һжɡٺ˵
Ҷһͷħȫǰ֮ȴһеȵǰ֮ϣ˸ʽʲϽɣӨ͸ɹʱ⡰ɹ֮ȴǰһƬңһȫɢʥӰ׷šɹеʥ壬֮佫һץУһ𣬱֮ٱɱſһڡ
ɱߣǻΪʥ档
ʱץסһ¸ҵذνǰ赲ŲʥŮӣŮӲӽնȥδѱһʥϡޱ飬ϱҪŮʱһӢȴХһӶӰɱ
ſŭĹâȫӵ˼ޣȻֻǳĽ׵ľ磬˲Ȼﵽ˳׵ĳ̶ȡ
һ￴ȴǲֵһᡣֻһȭʥǧӰһץӶסҲᵽԼǰ
Ȼһͬɡ˵ţʱڷ
ڴʱһĹâȴǾħջĿһ䣬òſ˱ܿ˾ħһ
ħһʱһŮסԶ
˵أҶ㵱մһ
ӣ̧ͷ֮⣬þ֣ǲܷУӵȥҶ㣬׷˴ȥŬѰʥ䣬ȴҵ£Լ
˵֮䣬ӿһһЩȴ۳һֻһĿ£ȫҲ˼̱鲼ף·һĶħצһХ
Ҷ㣬Ѿ飬Ȼ޷׳ȴ۳֮˵ҪЩʥ𣿺ãҾԸ㣬Ҳ
йâһ䣬ʥʱڶ𣬴һХ֮⣬Ҷ㣬͵צҶ㵱ץȥ
һצץʱһʰ죬ȴ·ǵŴ򿪣Ⱥ֮дһ㡣һѺۣ˳צӰӣƺ綼һצץһ
棬ԼвҵĶ֣ųʥɻɱңҶҡҡͷſƻȭ˹ȥһȭʥצ룬ʥצӺ£ˣȭ㱬һ½γһУʵʥŤ漴һ±
΢΢һ𣬱ָֻ
Ȼָɱ㡣˵ֻҪס㣬ҿԴݽһϵɱã
˵ţȴϵʥȥ
ס֣Ҷ㲻ɶŭоҪȥʱʥȴ͵طһХصһȦȦһ㣬ͬһҶֶһ½ΧС
Щţÿһɢ˾֮䣬ܽκ顣
ǰΧסħ֮Ծ޴ħǣ뽫֮֮УڰһС
Ҷħʱ֮ϣ͸һĹâǹâ֮УȴŨصɱ⡣
˵֮ǰ棬һ˿ϧ֮ĻʣµľֻˡȷʵǲţΪʥ֮ȴʧ˵ĸ飬ԡˣѾܳΪˣֻܳΪħ
棬ɱ֮Ĵδǿҹ
͵һħʱħʱӿһħ⣬ħշۣλħֱӳħ硣
ħħսħ
ħһʱս츮һ̧֣һƬзǵΧײи֮£Ȼεȫ飬һ㲻
ħһֱ֣ʥȥһ±㽫ʥΧħſ³飬ħȭƣսħУסʥ塣
ʥţӾҪħƴȴǶ֣˲䣬ȱըһ󶴣ٱƴҲ֫з֮Уи֧顣
ת֮䣬Щ֫ȴһֻʥ
ûû𣿡Ҷ㲻һüʥͷ­ʥұһ𷢻ɢʥĹâħ֮⻯һֻޱۣʱǸո۳εʥ˹ȥ
һȭ֮춯أһ㣬˲㵽ǹǰ
һУһȭȻ֪£Ҳܣצ֮䣬һɢݻһб鲼ΧĿռ֮УһеĴҫʥ⣬͵һת𻯳еУӭžޱȭȥ
ȻԼʥźɱн
֮ʱ㿴ʥԲǿֲɱһʥȭʱķѣЩһööɢеת֮һ±㱻ֹסʥȭǰǴֱ𣬶ʥȭֱشʥϣʱձѡ
ŭǣ֮֮ϣٴλצҶ
ʱȴѾٴγ֡һû׷Щʥһɣתһɾת֮ʣһ֮۳Σһ£ƺҪһסȻɽ塣
ԸҶһħʱһվ
ħ͵صһ飬ʱһǾħڣʥţʱ顣ţħǣֺħڣ׽˼С΢
ʱħ޾ħסħ֮ɨղ䣬Щ΢ȫϡ
ɰɡʱͻȻЦҶ㣬֪ľħ֮Ĺܣ̱̰ɣֻºҪֶааֶΣҪȫ㲻һαӣСˣ
Ϊһһ㣿ҶһЦħ֮⣬ħ͵ʼ㣬Ƭ֮Ҷһ𣬾ħʱħ״ħȼգϵʥ΢ħ֮½ħ׺֮£ȴ̬
飬Ҷ͵شһħһ֮ʣ֮ջʥ壡
ʲô
һȴǳħ֮ڡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ߸


467 ʥŮ
⡢⡢⡭ſ˵⡱ȴٽӲȥ
Ҷ˾̫ˣҪ֪𣬱縲ˮգԹȴδ˵ģоɣֻҲ޷ȥ˸
Ҷ㾹Ȼˣ
þȡҶȴֻһЦǷ飬Ī˵ˣһֻССϣҲЩʥȴ뷲鲻ͬʥѪ˵ȴǿп֮ֻħ綴Ϥ֮ʥԾܻ֮ԭ̬ˣȴ˸֮
üһٺĨһѺҲ㹻ˣ
˸ڿУһʱ漴еļѹͬʱʶԼɱɣȴΪǰ֮ȣʱм㣬Ҷĵл
λپ´ˣҶһݳܻɱǣұܸǣڴˣǱ㲻ȥ
ʥʱ׷׵ͷмޱȣȴҲӿ˶ĸ֮ģѸٵ֧Ҷԣϵ滢
Ҷ㣬ǺֶΣ֮ϣ̧ͷҧ˵
棬㻹кμƿʩҶ㵭һЦ
ɱǣһ͵һȭ˲䣬еʥһȭ֮С
һȭ𣬻Ϊ֮ӰֱҶһεȭȴ֮ǰҶںϽ֮ʱĲͬЩ֮Ӱ֣·ʱʧһ㣬˸֮䣬ȴ
·ЩԼĲݻ޴ɱҶһ㡣
֮Ҳ֪㲻ңαػҪǿҶһЦڣֹľͬʱȭһӣħֱǰһȭݺݴ˳ȥʱһ籩ײЩӰ
ȭײ֮䣬һ֮Ӱֱͬĭһ˲ɢ
ʱһȴͻȻҫڸռ֮УͻȻһɵĿռŻһȫâľɫŮӣͻȻŻֱ֮
ŮƤѩףȫӿһʥϢƶ֮ɢʥ¸ޣĿһ˲ʧ̲סе֮ȴγһʥС
һ֣ʱƴɱҶ֣һʥһ·ת֮ԽԽҪҶֱУϾ֮ĥ
ôӣȻڴʱ͵Ϯٺ״һȴʱħзɳ̧һȭʥȾݻһֻȥ
ޱУ񼲷ɶзųһȵĺݻһԺɫ֣ȺŮȥ
Ů޾ɫһ֮䣬ȴͻȻһʿֳ־޸һһǰӸ֮䣬㽫ֻȺնơ
ʱٺ׷ųľ֮ϣ֮䣬ȴֱӽ顣ٺһüʱٳȭݻֻϣŽеתֹס͵һ·йâ֮䣬һȭһޱȵȭƣȭ֮ȴһλձ֣֮ޱ߷籩𣬴С
֮£һ顣
ٺһתֻŮӿսʱǰҪһŮӡʱռŻȴǹâһ֮ǰߵᰴۣȻλʵ൱ĸ֣һɱ˳һ½ٺ׵ס
ҶĽʱŸոսҶķ籩ɢȭƣҲĵ󲿷ûжҶֱӽ籩ȭջأȴΪԼʡģ͵תŮӡ
ʥ壬ɱҪְҶ㣬Ůݺȴһʱ˵հݵߺꡣ
ǺˣҶŮӺʡ
ңŮһЦһûأ
ˣʱᰴ۴˵ʥŮʣȰͶŮʻܿʹһ㣬Ľ޾֮
޳֮ұϣҶĿһоħһ·һһ²ᰴϡ
ңʥŮʴһɱ⣬ʱҪӪȡ
ʥŮʾңᰴ۱ʼݣ𵴲ݵԲƻħ֮ʱҶѾȫﻹѵÿŵüæʥŮȣȴѾˡ
ħħ׺ħգʱ㽫黯΢ֱӱħɡ
ȻǰɱѣʥŮʷŭұؽɱ
ʥŮʣʱǱҶ㸴֮Уһλﵽ˳߽׵ǿ߷˳׳ŵʥŮһָ˵Ůʱ£ҵǸΰ˽֮ͬɱɣλȣǸȴǵ˰
ʲôʥŮһȣ˵Ǳ˻ɱǸ
ǣǿ߼æͷ
ôܣʥŮһüȫŴԡ
ҲûʲôѵġҶ㵭һЦŮʱ£Ȼ֪ǵ˽ʵʡóʹ֮ЩȻ˻ɱ֮ڣǰ̬䣬ٽǸԭǶ֮¡
ȻˣʥŮĿԼ͸һ˿˷֮顣
ʥŮʣΪҶ㣬ȴˣƵһħ硯һУϤҲħСʱͻȻڣҿŮʶȤֽ˻ɱħŮΣ
޳ܣٺԣɴ
ðʥŮʴ棬Ȼ΢Цͷ
Ůʱ£Ǳǿһ֮󣬼æɰλҶдѷǵС
˵ʥŮѾһĨɱ⣬̧֮䣬ǽʿ͵һԾо޸ֱ£˲佫ǿ롣
죡ʱᰴ۶Уһվ˳Ŀɨ򸴻ߡ
£ͬʱ˵ͷ
ˣȴ⸡ΰ֮ΰۡʱĿˣ˵˻ɱᰴۣ˵ĵˣ˭ٸΪΪ飬ұɱ֮
ŮʣְɣͻȻ䣬淢һȣȭ͵ϻȭȭ˲󣬴ķ籩裬վΧһ֮۳ɢ亮ıȺҶײ
һУҶȴϤȻ潫̬Ҷһ֪в̽·ɱȴ汾һʱʹУǹҶֵʥŮʴʱٳ֣Ҷ֮ܵ£ر޴
˥֮ʱ֮ʱʱֻһܽҶɱ
ḷ́ΣչͷҶȴȫһЦ֮ȴһħʱ۾·Ѿٲ
ȴֳ֮Уٴڶһֿž״̬֮£֮ͨңԶʥ򣬾ȻҶǰֳһʥ֮šҶ㻺ǰš
һ˲䣬ʱʧһɾ޴ȴҶϡ
ʱҶ͵۾
ҲʱۼһֵʥŮʣҲȫйâȴ˫һ֮䣬һ֮ٵ߾ۼһ±仯ɰλʿֳž޸һҶɱо޸һϳһĺҶ㡣


468 ʥ
ʥŮһдʵ˴һ
λŮҲǳʮ׵ĳ̶ȣȻ˵ʥͬ˸Ϊǿ󣬵ҶĳǰȴҲʲô˭Ҳ벻ȻҲԷӳǿ
֮ʮǿ󣬵һʿܽɱƽ⣬ƴ൱
ȴаλʿһǽµĳ棡
һɱУȴֱз츲֮ܣһ֮
ãٺײüͷ壬ȫ֣ҪסԼļλʥۻˣùȥҶ㡣
ʵ˵µĽʿӣȴҲһûаա
ˣ֪ʥʥŮһдʱЦʥ֮УǾǲ֮һеףǲǵʥݻǾĺӣȫԽΪáΪֻһĳʮ֮ܵʥ֮ұʥˣ
ôĿ¿Ҳ֪𣿡
ʱҶħ͵һ·˲ǾħڡǾ޴Ĺһ½סҶ͵һһ³ǽʿĺ֮С
һʿʱŭ𣬻ӶеĴҶ㿳
λʿȻǿޱȣҶǵĶ֮УȴʹǲͬʱҶ㣬һҲֻ塢Ҷ㡣Ҷͬһ㣬ȭȥһ籩ʿֱӾ籩֮Уڲҽ֮нɳ
ħҶƣϽЩ΢ɽ
Ϊսб˿ռ𣿡ʥŮһЦͻȻڿһץһ֮·ľżǣһ㣬һ¾ۼУһȴеĽʿϣ˲䣬еĽʿζŤٵںϵһ𣬻һߴޱȵĽʿ
ŭУǽʿֱſһֻ֣һ¾ͽҶץУһֻ־ǺصĴ󸫣ֱҶ㿳ȥ
ȷʵǿ󣬵ϧȴ˲ҡҶĿ˸һЦ
ʱŷŴʥ֮ţԼﵽʥ˳̶ȵľ磬ȴԶƽʱľ޴Ǿ޸ֻ͵ػȭͷдһȭȭ˲仯һµķ籩ֱӽǾ޸籩֮У˲ʵ֧顣
ܣʥŮʵ۾һµɴ󣬡Ѿ޽ӽʥˣ⼸ʥ֮ôܣУֻſԷŶԣ
ҶȴҲǾ֡ǾǿȴƲʱħ绤֮֮УȴֵǶһֱαѣ
ھ֮УȴУħֱӻһһ½Ǿ޴ĽʿסħȻħ޾ˮ㣬ʱʿ
ʥŮʵ˫ȫޱ߹ââ֮Ҷ˲˽ʿʿһֱʱӿһ⡣ЩŤһγ˼Ϸżھ֮УҶƹȥ
׵֮ҶһЦʹϣȴԵʦ
˵֮䣬ħħ׹ȥ˲䴫ݹȴڿֱһλħħһ֣ЦЩ˿һĶҲ˼Ϊ׵硯ħȥ
һץ䣬㽫ٵȫץУ͵һЩǿޱȵʱѣССĵ绡˿ڿƮšҫţɢ֮С
ħֱ̧ħ״󶯣Ƽ䣬ȴǻһ޴״͵Žʿȥ
ʥŮһҧǣ֮ߣʿʱ⣬ʧȥ˴󸫵һֱֻӻȭ˹Ȼ״֮ϡʱǿ״˲ɢȭȴƿ׵ħ֮ϣȻһ¾ͽǿħĵ׻
ʿһȭ֣پȭͷҶ͵شͬʱסҶһֻȴɿƶ䣬ʼһ֮ȴֻһɱС
֮ϣĿһȴǿ׼ѵĻᣬȻ֣
˷·𻯳һ磬˲ͳ嵽˽ǰȭ֮֮ӰϳһӰԼȭ֮УǽʿһǰһҶ㣬ڵУ
Ҷħ֮УĿ˸֮䣬ȴּֽҪŽʥ״̬֮Сʥ֮˳Ŵ壬ڵħ仯ʥͷ­ʥұۣʱȴҲӦʥڵͻȻòһɢ·Ҫƴȫһ㡣
ɣ˲䣬Ҷ͵۾ħ֮΢һȻͬķͬʱƳһơ
ʥķ籩ΧţȻԻһɫɽ壬ӭŽʿȭֱײ˹ȥ
ҵʱ˷֮Уǳʥ壬ȻӵǿǿߣȴҲܲײನھУͬҶϿһ㱻˲䴵ߡ
һƬգʵдءɽʯľǱԶҲײκζˤԼһǱԼȶΡȻĻԹನ⼸˹룡
ֳ֮֮Уٺ׺ǼλʥҲûٽˣȫƴȹԼΣʹԼᱻ籩ߡ
Ҿˣǲ֪лȴɱң˶֮ϣ
ײನ֮УҶȴشţһâ͵ȴǾħͳ飬ؼ£㽫ٺ׶սļλʥ۴֫ϡûüҽУͱħһ²סű㱻ϵħգħ͵غ΢ħɡ
ôǿ𣿡ȴٺҲŴˡ⼸λۣȻȼߣΪʥУܽʥ֮ȴʮǿٺʥź֮Ҳƴƽ֣Ҷ׾ͽǻɱȴζŰٺԴʱҶ㣬ҲȫǶ֣
ٺײٴΰԼѡҶ㵱ѣˣʱԼֻҲѺЩʥһ޶ˡ
ɱѣʥŮʵļഫ˳
ҪżһˡҶ㵭һЦȻɱ֮ģ㵱бɱľɣ
Ҷ㣬Ҫ񣬻ڣഫ˳
޾泾֮⣬ٺȴȫ淢ʲôֻ֪ҶԵֵסλǿȫһȴҲûܴǡǿԸҶ㣬ɽһеسǹ泾֮С
ȴһ͵ڣʧ
һæӿٶȣһ³УʱһɾҵĲ˹ȴֱӽײʧȥƽ⣬һַ˳ȥ
Щ볾Ҳһ´ɢȴؿ޵Ŀռ֮УҶһ˶֣ħ֮ͬһƶȻ˵йƾסƴò·磡
Ҳ÷ԶʱոȶȴҲԶǰȴҶħ֮Ҫޱز֡
ʱһָоһʥ֮ţһֱԼֻҪԼתȥʱŶ롣֪һתȴ֮£ҲԼһת֮䣬ȴʧˡ
ȴתҪԼҵǰҪŶ룬ļУ
ʥŮʣ棬Ǳһ֮ɣ


469 
λǿߵռҽ棬һʱȫҵನʥɵĹ볾
Ҷ̧֮䣬ʥͷ­ʥұһɢԣһڿγһޱۣȭʥŮʣʱλŮʸոʹһȴǴǽʿǻһȫ׵Ľʿ
⽣ʿ˽磬ſµɱУʥǽϼУγһĴǷ
㣬ʥȭѾȻֱײѾۺõһ󣬽δܳεȫɢ
ʥŮɫѿʵûϵԼȻҲ޷ѹסҶǿˡµѾ޷أҲֻӲͷƤҶѪսסʵǿᣬ˵£ҶɱǶҶԼͬһԶڣǽĶջ
ǽʿĽȻƣ䱾ȴûܵ˺ҲʥŮĴʱһǰȴֱҶݺײ˹
Ҷɫˮһƴʱһ籩ֱӵסȳϢ漴γһУֶȥ
ƣһɢһбƿ
һʱ䣬ȴܻУֻ
ʥŮʼǽʿ͵ǰеĽת磬˲㻮һ󡣷֮У΢СΣǰ֮ʣÿһͻȻͬһҶ㡣
ҶһֻֿǷ籩Կһֻһʥ˾ޱʱȭֱӽǷɽ֮䡣
ʱǽʿϵȴͻȻһâȻһ޽һ·ɴ̹ش뵽ʥ˾ޱ֮У͵һʣǺǿľޱ۵սʶϡ
ɱ㣡ʥŮռһбˣ¶ϲɫ̧һӣǾ޽ʱٽʶҪʥֱȫ顣
ҲԸ㻹ΪԼʤңҶЦһʥźͬʱɢǱʶϵֱʱһ͵һƴ˹ȥǽǾ޽þҲʥŮ֮жһץסǾ޽
ʥ꽣ʥŮЦţΣ
ɲǼ䣬Ǿ޽͵һȴѿ꣬һ½ʥֱͬһֻֻž޳ݵϣһͷΧҪһһڡһһ㽫Ѫȫɵһ㡣
𣿡ҶһЦǴ˯ѵпܡ
˵֮䣬һʥ˾ޱ͵һ˲ͽϵС÷飬Ĺܷɢţʥ˾ޱһתһ˵ȭƣ漴㶯ȴһֱۣһȭ
һȭʱǽֻĻʱǻնʱֱۺɨʱײֻһֱۣȴֹ֮ʹ쾡£˴۽硣
ʱԶЩʥؿֱ۴һȭȴʱ򣬾Ȼʱ˼Щ˾ȻӰ쵽Ȼﵽޣͻƶٽһ
ٺ׿һУȻ̾ʥˣֻʥ˲еδʥȴѾﵽʥٻΪʥֻʥҲƥаɣ
ʥ˾ޱƵƬ֮һȭ㽫Ǿ޽֮ȫ÷飬תǽʿȥʥŮʵɫԽѿҲن¶ֻҧǣǽʿȫ֣ӭޱۡ
˲䣬һ֮˷۵⽣ʿϣݻһסˣ֮۵ĽϣȴԽϲһͬĳƮڽʿΧ
һһʥϢɢĪϣһ빥ޱۡ
˲䣬һ˾ޱۣھޱ֮Ϻ˵زһ֮ͬ£Ȼֱӽʥ˾ޱг顣
֪ҵĴɣʥŮʴһĿ䣬ʿʱ˽һҶɱȥ
һߣȴڽǷ籩дƣһХһϢҶ㹥
ͬʱӭУҶȴæԭزƺڵȴʲô
ʱһռ䲨ͻȻӿ𣬽ţһǲ֮һ³֣磬һҶ͹
ȴϴӰ֣
Ҷ㣬վĩգһߴһʥ֮˲佫ԼΧ磬ʥ֮磬۳һֻľƣҶץȥ
ãٺ״һʱǿʥź֮Ҫȥ赲Ӱ֡
ã
ʱҶȴش֮УһֻΪԼӦˡ
ãΣչͷ֮ʣҰæ
ãлһ㣬Ҷִһޱȣٺ޻ɡ
ҪʲôٺһʱȻ
һ빥Ҷ㣬ʱȴһâӿ˲仯һ޴ĵãǵΰׯϣɢһʥϢȴǵۼǵһڤã
Ҷ㣬¦ǵһַĵ⡣һУҵİ֮£ǿõʱ֣ӽɣ
ɲǼ䣬һѪȴѾΪħĶ;дŵħķ֮ɫ﷢һĹֽУҶɱ
ڶ;ɳɲǣʱΣΪ¦ǵ׽֮һ·۳һҶײ
Ҷ㣬ˣ˲âȴΨԴз˲ռסͬλͬʱҶ֣
һʱ䣬桢ʥŮʡӰ֡¦ǡ;⡢Ψݣߴǿ֣һȻͬʱҶ֣ԼǿһȴҪڴһս֮УҶɱɻҽը΢
ߵ޴ǰκǿ߶ûеֵ֮ӵħҶҲܣǿߵĺһǿʮ۷޽ӽʥߣһǰҲֻ·һ
ʥĹâҫʥϢ趯۵Ĵץ޿ռ䣬Χκ˶޷ʹݷɵľȫĿռȥ·ѪɫĴ󳱷ӿ˸оȫϾֶ֮󳱣ʥؼһҶˣ
ߴֺһ춯أ޿ɱܣ
ٺȫˣȻҶж̲סҪǰȥҲҪҶȳ
ءлһٺȴоԼҶЦ
ڡЦٺס
ǿߣȻɱһˣҶձˣҲʷᣬΪ֮˳̵ĵһǿ˰ɣڴ˿̣Ҷ㻺ڣдŵЦ
Ҷ㾲ħ֮Уһʱ˵·ֹͣߵɱлһٻ֮ȴ󲻶ϴֻ֪ҪԼһתʥ֮žͻΪԼ򿪣ޱʥ֮ͻӳԼϣΪԼȥֱʥ
ת
ֻǵǿ֮ǰǰδеɲ֮䣬ʥ֮ȴΪʱƵǰ
һʥϢڴٻҪŶ룡
΢Цͷһ±㽫ƿʱһڻҵʥֱһ½ǹٵ͸壬巢˷츲صı仯ܸоʱȫÿһ⡢ÿһѪ
˽⵽ԼͻȻӣﵽ˽ǧ֮࣡
оԼȫ˱仯еħ֮һ¶ԶȥȴһֵġκԽ޹ϵȴֱ仯ĿܡҲãħҲãƺԼƽȵĴڣԼǡ


470 ʥ֮
Ȼ֮Уһ޴ĹâͻȻҶΪģΧɢһγһֱﵽʮɣâĹǹ߲ϢһϹ˸ţһţ޴չ֮һ¾ӭߴֵȫһ
ʥ֮˲оԼ·ײһͭǽڣȻײԼȫһ±ԶԶص
ɢʥϢĽײڹϣʱһɾ߽⣬ЩʥϢȫɣǽ֮ǿޱȵĽʿȴһ±˹ֱ顣
绯ɵľץڹϣʱâƣЩҶһ룬顣
裬ſҧڹϣҲ˲䱻ƣ顣
Ѫɫײ򣬱ƬƬɢ󳱵Ķ;ҽһ׷Զ
Ӷͼȴδܸκ˺ǹ͵һֱӱԭΣͼԶԶߡ
֮⣬˲䱻գ֮ĴҲ·𱻹ֱԴԴϵشҶ塣
ǡǡٺԶԶؿһĻɵɴ۾ʱ֪Ҷ룬ȻûΪʥʱľ޴֮ƽ˵֣
֣ޱߣʥ֮κһԣֻ¶Ҫʱɡʥ˽٣˺Ҳδؾƽ⡣
˵һʥҲܻ䣡
ôΨһƽ֮ý֮ʱĪ
ǿ߽֮ʱ˲䱬֮ޱǿȴǵǿ֮ǿ֮ع˲ɵؾǰǿҲް취ֻܵƽϢܹǽߡ
ʥˣǵʥ֮ǿޱȵȴǷκ޷֮ġ
ʥȻʥˣٺ׼ؽ
ħ֮УҶоԼ˷˷츲صı仯Ҳоһɾ޴Լ壬ٻԼһУŸ֮϶ȥ
̧ͷĿ⴩͸ħ磬͸ʥ磬͸ͨ͸ظ߿գңԶϷǾ޴Χŵߴʹǳʮ׵޵ǿߣٽħǿʹݷҲ޷
ʱһָоԼʱ׵ƶȥ
ֻһȥֻȴ޷ش˵أԶ뿪磬˴
ǲƿʥ֮ŵĿġ
ǸˣʥֻҪľ޴ȴҪҲôǿĵϣĻҵѡҵļˣپ޴Σա
ħ⣬־ȻǹȫϾعʥĴţ
˲䣬õһ޴һ£֮У·𱻷ӡһ㡣ٴǧ壬ȴѸٵ˥ȥ½ﵽҵӡ
Ҷһһ´ƶ˵䵽ȵ׵ĸо
һʥ֮ţǰţȴһӰʧ
ղŷʲôʲôۼħ֮бּʧһȻԼӦʲôȴġ
ܣôܣԶסΣħ磬
磬㡭ħ֮УޱȵؿҶ㣬Ӳȴ˵ҲԼµһֿܣΪֿܸеˣͬʱҲĿ־塣
Ҷʥô
Ǳķֱ
޷ܡ
Ҷ㣬㡭ղͨǳʥ𣿡
𶯣ȵҶ㣬۵Բ۾סҶ㣬УҸо˵֮Ѿ޷κ˿ǱɵҲܣˣ仯ѵʥ𣿡
Ҷ㻺ͷ˵һڻ鼤ҲǸеηĻ
ѹ˽ҶһЦ˵Ӧֻǡʥ
ʲôʲôȵؽʥѹ˽
ǵġҶһͷ仹µһǿеֱӷȥô죿ұ£Щǿһһɱȷ޺󻼣Ȼܷ
ʥ˵ȥȥ˵𣿡ʱͻȻڣֻ˶Ϊŭʥܷ֮нϣδ֪˰ɣ
ޱҲ̲ס᣺磬Ǻοࣿǵ˷֮£ǡ
ҷ棬顣ҶЦˡһУֻԼһ˵õ
ɱɱʱǱԶԶĶ;ȴ·Ƿһ㣬һҰĹâֱҶ˻һѪǵأڡ
ȴ˲ȼе֮ҪҶɱ
ħ磬úϢɡҶʱһһЦ֮ȴɳħ֮⣬ħ練Լ塣
ȻҪԿλǿߣ
ʱޱѪѾӿ˹˲佫Χ֮£ССȴ·ֻһСݣѪȴޱ˲ܽɡ
;ʧԣȫ֮ħŶ˵һʹ࣬ұ˰ɡ
̧ͷѪ֮󳱶Ķ;˵
ţ̧ȭͷһȭϴʱΪģһ޴ӰͻȻ֣Ķһȭǰȥ
ӰӸߴʮɣ޴ޱȣȴҶ֮Ӱκһλħ񡣵ȴԶԶǿκһλǿٻħ
ӰӵȭХǰһ¾ƿصѪˣֱӴ˶;ϡ
Ӱ֮ȭײڶ;֮ʣ㱬һؾö;ζŴԲۣʱʧȥ˵ֿ֮Ӱ֮ȭǰÿǰһ磬㱬һŶ;塣
룬岨;ӱٵֿסڵ֮ʣһ±΢
һǿߵʹɢһۼֻ˹ƮС
ʲôӰֲɴг˿־塣
Ҷ㣡¦Ǿ޴ӰӣȻǾȴǷŭغҲİҺòİƺһУλǿߣõʱȷλãĹΪȴڴʱʥˣʥ˰㾹Ȼʥˣ
ʥʥ𣿡ʥŮʾֵؽţһҪߵĳ嶯
λҪ£ʱͻȻʥ֮ü죬ȴ·˵Ҳһ־硣Ҷ㣬㲻Ҫ񣡶㷽һȴ˷֮ѿʥ֮ţڷţҲӴʥ֮ţλҶ㲢Ѿʥ类ʥֱӽȥߣֻƿʥ֮һ߷϶ʱõʥѣǺһԻɱ
Ҳһ󷢺ݣλλ֣ʥˣҲ䣡
ԭˣһ;Ȼֻʣˡ˷ŶҶ𺳣гη壬ʱ˴ߺȴ˿һ˿ϣ
ɱҶ㣬ɱҶ㣡¦ǵһȻδʥˣǱᣡɱˣ˵Ǿܷʥ
ɱɱʥŮ⣬Ҳ߽
Ψû˵ֻĬĬ˾޴ʱ׼ǰҶ㡣
磬սʤ𣿡ޱɵħдһ
ҶЦˡ
һȺ֪֮ӦšΪֻƶһʥ֮𣿴ˣشҲãʡһǱӣȴҪԽռȥ׽ǡ


471 ɨǿ
ʵҲܹ´Ϊ֮ϸڷ֮ʣǿжʥԼ־ڷ䣡
Ǽȫ֮£Ҷȴд
ʱȻûӵʥ֮ʥ֮ҲԶǷ˿ɱȡӵʥź͸ӿֲˡ
Ѿ˷̬֮Ϊʥֻ֮Ϊܾʥ򣬶ʹĻᱻգȫʥ֮ˡ
֮ȴѾı䣬ǲġ
ʱһѸֵȻпڱӡ֮ȴ˶ı䡣ȻҲӡõʥ֮ȴʧǳյýѵļ뾭飬һǿޱȵûдﵽһˣ޷⡣
ʱҶ֮Ӱһȭ֮꣬ȴҶתһץŶץȡһʱ䣬ʱޱ߾޴ѪĲϢ;ȫ֮ȫץȡ˹Ӱӵľȭһ࣬ʱһöѪɫӢ鵤˲ħ֮С
ͬʱǹҲһȡħ֮С
ʲôٺײһ
ʱҶȴһЦǰΣգǵħɡ˵ţһ֣һռŻʱڰٺ׵ǰȰٺ׷ӦŻд򿪣һ޴һ½ٺС
ٺһģæסκȴԼѾħ֮С
̫˼ˣɸ̾ţתޱޱѵġ
ǵġޱϲǵص˵ͷѾͻ˷˵ļޣʥǵİΣȴԼܾʥ֮Լ˷䡣
죡ٺ׵ɴ۾ԼΡ
һб׶ˡ̾ϢһܸӦڵȫ緽ŽɹҪ֮ʡԸЩ˵㹻ˡֻһ֪ǷзĻˡ
һеģޱᶨҶġ
֮Уȴһ˿˸еζٺȻ˼ɸ̾Ϣһ
ȴĿһöѪɫӢ鵤Ͷ֮ɫ
һöӢ鵤ǿ󣡡пţֻǸһ׵˷ȥʹ̵ﳬ߽ǰ˽װɣ
пܡޱͷϾһλʮǿߵ֮ɡ
㿪һʥ֮ţõʥΣʥŮʱ۾һʥĹâңԶʱյĳȻһɾ޴˹˲䣬һʥ֮ɣлһʥϢž۳һţǰ
ʥ֮֮ĸĺΣգӲʥŮʴ˵ţַ֮ߣһʥϢ֮ϡ˲䣬Щض˶֮ݻһߵΡαΧͻε·Ƭ֮䣬ξ١
ȴʥŮһ޶
ʥҾɱߣʥŮʴһһָʥϢɵŮʱǰ̧֮䣬һƿռľ޴Ӱ
Ӱ֮Уһɢһ̲סҪĤݵʥӶҶȥ
ʥΣҲʥеһѡҶ㻺ҡͷңҵмּɵһϢܽΣ
ȻһЦ֮䣬Ҷ㻺̧ǼʮɸߵӰӱֱ̧ǽӰץȥ
ôӣʥŮʴЦȻͽץȡʥ֮ɵĽǾưɣ
ָһ֮ߴǽӰһ¶ȴҶ֮Ӱơ
ҶεȾһת֮䣬ȴܿǽӰâһĽӰĶı䣬ǰһץֱץס˽Ӱ֮С
һǰҶ֮Ӱ˲ٶɵľ룬ȴʥϢŮʵǰеĽӰȴʥϢŮնȥһںǽӰҶʥ߾һ֮춯أʥϢŮȻȫֵ˲䱻ӰնͷӾҵһ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦһתӰʱһ𣬽ƵĽӰ⣬һ½ʥϢŮʰΧνס
˲䣬ҶһȭӰһֻһȭ֮ϣֱӽơȭÿǰһ磬㱬һʥϢŮʵϣʱӰʮʮʥϢŮֱӴɢ
һ֣ӰһץʥϢŮʵʥϢץУһöҩħ֮С
ǿһöҩħ֮еİٺײ־
һöȴܽӢ鵤ˡ˵ʥϢɡֻǲ֪кôѵҲ
ֻˡޱ΢΢һЦ
ôǿʥŮۼʥϢŮʻûз㱻Ҷ׷飬Ƭ֮ɵҩߣɾС
ʥŮٻʥϢŮʣٵҶ㽫ʥϢŮɵȴգۼ£ʱһǿȴոȴܼʱ֣ʥŮһʥϢ
һʱȴѾȫٴ֮дǵʥ֮ţʹԼʱһǵʥ֮ŵȫչһȭ֮䣬ȴδ֮ǰ㣬ȭƻ֮ӰҶ֮ǰһķ籩
ȴԤʾţѾڶ̶ʱڣϴʥ֮ţﵽҶ֮ǰ־硣ٸᣬ˵ɳҲƿʥ֮ţ
ʱֻͣԼֻҪҶȫһսҶһ֮򣬶һͻƼޣﵽʥ˾硣ʱһս˵Ͷû壬ֱӷʥ򣬳ΪʥˣҶʥҲǰúɱ󣬽Ҷɱ
ǲ֪ǰʥصʥɱʥһ㣡
棬㻹̫ԶˡҶ㻺ҡͷȭʮɸߵľӰʱȭһ籩ȥ
ǿǿķ籩һϾӰ֮ȭʱöݣҲܳΣ漴㱻ӰһץֱͬƲһһԣȴʹҪΧҶӰּæرܡ
һ籩ʧȥ˿ƣڿзת趯һ󣬱һƽϢȥɢ
Ӱƿ籩ֱӭ档һһϢʥȻʥڵһʥ
ұʥұʥˣţеʥָ֮ӣҺΪһ壡
УǿĹâֱžӰȥ
ʥˣҶҡͷ㻹Զˡ˵ʥ㵹һǱʵķټʥ˵תΪʥֻϧȴֻһʥķѡ
ӰǰһȭͻֱӴ滤ʥ֮ϡһһȭͬ޾һطһʥâöݣͬеһҡڲֹգȴڱȭӰֱӴ
ȭǰֱӴ֮ϣ޴ײþ𵴣Ǽʵ徹ȻһѺۣ淢һҽУſ֮һѪ
ҶĿˮһͻ£Ӱʱ֮һݺʧȥ˷֮ϡһѪ꣬Ŵһѿмţȴ޾·
̫ˣ̫ˣʱʥŮʲɲڿʼڣԼΪʲôҪôµǿߣ
ǿ߱ǳֱʥһģԼʱģȰҶΪѣʱ֮գ
У˸޷У
˲䣬ȴ֮ģһתҪʹݷ⸡ΰ硣
ӣҶĿ˲˹


472 ʥ
һ˲ҶǾӰֱʥŮץȥʱʥŮʸоӿһľʥ⣬ȴִһϵİܽضУ޿ռ飬ʹκ˶޷ʹݷ
ʥŮʲɸеһۼǴֵץȴ޷룬ֻӲסԭص
ʱȴͻȻһʥ⣬·Ŀռ֮мɶһµǾ֮ǰ͸һϹ⣬УȻһҲһ޴ȭӰȭӰݣֱţһ»ҶӰ֮С
һУҶľӰȻһ淢Ǿȭ֮ӰȴֱӾײ֮ɢˡ
Ҷ㻺ͷ棬û뵽Ҽػȴӽʥ֮һȻҲʥ÷Ϊƾֻ֮סһʥ𣿡
λ֣ѵһǻƲɣһǶҪҶ䡣
ǲ֣ǿУóȻֻ֣ȡӰִţģѽȫת㣡
˵֮䣬Ѿһ֮ҫ𣬾Ȼ۳һλ񣬴Ҷɢһֱ̧Կץһ״״޾׹⣬ȴȻž޴ʥ
һϢһֻʥ˾ޱۣҲ֮࣬һ·ѿ񱳺ʱһ֮
塣Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ͵һȭǾӰڿ˲λȴһ࣬һȭֱȥ
һƣӰִţâʢʥҲȫһ˫ս״һȭӰȥ
ףұ㣡ҶǾȭ֮Ӱϱʱһ׹⣬˲ըѿһ޴ֱײ״֮ϡ׵״һ±ѿźȻը顣
ʥŮʣֻӵĻȴ·һʱʥŮʵʥ֮ʥ֮ӣҺĻʥ֮ԵֵҶ㣡Ҫ֪ȫʥˣҲǵʥɱҶʱֻǴʥ֮ڵľ޴ѣʥɣ
ãʥŮҲһ󷢺ݣʱһϣһ
ãʱâӿһȵʥָֻ˿ûбף̧֮䣬ʥȴͻȻӿ򣬷ϡ¡ķλ
ǲҪˣңʱ˵Ļ·һħһ㣬̲֮סҪͷͬ⡣
ʱҶӰȭѾϣţȭ֮£ȫѺۣʥ˾ޱۻɵһά壬ʱͻᱻƬ
Ӱ۾죬һʥɢһӲصߣһջصڡۼ⡢¦ǺΨˣѾٻȥȻжһвʣȴҲ˹ߡ
ˣÿסһöʥ򡣡ԸţԼȴڶϷһöʥǰ
ˣѰλãʥŮʾ£¦ǾΨݾңӺֻǻصӰֻ֣ܾǰʵˡ
ʥ֮ʥŮ֮ʥ֮˵ͬСɣһȴ޷գҪλͬЭ˲ܶԿҶ㣬ǽնǱ֣֮Ƕ;ǰ
Ӱ⻰ͷһ֮УʱҲֻƴȫ˺һҲ˲࣬ҧסǰ
һǴ֮Уȴǽ˵ʥ÷ʥŮʾȵؿ棬ֻʥ֮ʥƺĪΪʥ֮ӣȴһҲߣɰ̾ҲһҪʥ֮ţﵽʥ˾ǿߣҲֻˣ
˲䣬һʥʱ˱仯Ȼֱ𻯳˵ģһâ˲ȴ·һ˲λǿַһʮһ
ЩʥȤҶĿʥΣͷұ㽫ȡϸоһ£˵Դɸķڷ̫٣ȴܽһڻ鶼װ棬лΪṩϡ
˵֮䣬һЦӰ͵һʮ˴ȥ
ʥ֮ݻ񣡡ҶӰ͵شһ˲䣬ͬʱʥʱۣתۼ仯һҲʮɸߵľ޴ˣ΢׳ͬһ㣬ŹʥһȭҶӰȥ
ȭײʱ޾Ŀռ𶯣ƺޱһĸΰ磬ȴһĲɽֱڲ֮ѣһҲϵʥ˾޴ʱ˴롣
Ҷ㲻һüӰħһ±ʮƹȥһɢҵ֮ƣħʹ֮ǰ̬֮ٵؽ֮
ƴɱ֮ʣ㻹Ĺ˼˵ͬʱһʥʱһǰҶȭȥ
ҶһȴסˣӰҲȫȡƣӲһһ£ӰҶ㶼ƺǲܳһ
ҪˣӰֲ˷߶֮£ȴҪֱ׷ɱȥȻԥһ£ҲǴõĻᣬӦʤ׷Ҳʥǰ׷Ҷȥһȭ
һΣҶȴûˣйâһͻȻ֮Ӱ˫ӣֱӴһƬޱߵص磬ԼӰУʥҲС
ãĿһһһʱǴ׷ȥӰ죬жһһ˹ȥ
ǱһɡҶ㵭һЦ̧֮䣬صһٴ󣬽ҲС
ﶯ֣ȴù˼Щ޹֮ˡҶ㻺˵˵֮䣬͵һȭ
Ӱȭһȭ֮ȴʥȫУ֪䵽Ҫߣ֮䣬ָһʥʹһоѧһ֮䣬ȴ·ѳΣÿζֹ·ǻӰʹԷȭ޷׽ʵ壬ͬʱȴҲȭһȭеζͬʱȭ˲֪һȭ
ҶȴȭӰֱǰȴγһɿֱӽԷײ˹ԼȭӰײһ³Ȼ죬֮֮ʣȴʥ񱻴λɢ
ôôǿӰַһʱ񶯵ȴη֮ģ޷ͬʱתʥĶӳٻ
Ӱ֣ҪΨݸӦӰľ仯ʱƴ
Ѿˡ
˲䣬Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣһƴֱӴ͸ʥĸ˲Ӱֵǰһ½ץ͵÷飡
һǿߣһϵĵһҽҲûüͣɣ
֮ӰջأֱӽӰֵ֮һöӢ鵤ħ磬ͬʱҲӰһ׷ħ硣
ˣǱӰֿŵʥۣҲһʧˣҶӰ֮ץءҶһʥͷ­˲䴫һʥٻȥʥͷ­ʥұһȱʥ֮Ρ
ʱʥ˲ɢһˣ


473 ƺ¥֮ϲ
ãۼҶߵʥźԼһΣɢĪʧʥźȴͷ­˫֣˽Ī
˵꣬Ҷ̧ǰץʥźһж˲ڿһʥ˲֮ӰҶ㱾ľӰصһλɢʥץ˹
λȫֿ֣ţ߶֮
ӰֵȴǵĴ˲ɹӰ죬޷׵ش߶ʥжҲóٻ½ȹ̣ѾҶֱץס
գҶһؾӰһӲʥѹһ޴ʥٲϵͷһšʱʥޱȣ·ʵһ㣬ҫǿҵĹâ
Ӱһˣ㽫ʥصҶߣһͶ뵽ħ֮С
ʥǿޱȣħȴҲ뼯ȫѹŽνС
ˣˣ汩ŭ֮ȴѾ޷ذܾ֡
ǣӰɣʱ¦ͻȻڡֻߣ·˵֮ǰҶӽһؿܣǰź˷ʡֻҪҶ޷׷
һȻвʣҲ֪ڤõĶϤ֮һֱӹȥͶ¦εĴ֮УҲʱ˹ȥ¦Ҷѹʥ֮ʣһʹݷߡ
һҲӣҶ˲ƿռ׷˹ȥ
Ҷ㣬׷Ҳãʱ¦ͻȻͷЦʱļȫɾôޣ
˵ʲôҶĿһɱʱ޿ռ䡣
ѰȥԸֵѣٲϻȥֻΪֽˣ¦Ǻݺ˵
¦ǣ£ҪᵽֲζҶ㼱æħ㣬ȴʱҶͥͻƺ¥һ֮գɲȻŭһԺһƿǿռȥ
գ¦ǴʱɰԳһ˵زͣ˰Ρǰһְ壬Ļվְ֮ҪʥҶ˵ۼ֮£ֻʱͻɱңһΣգ
˵ţһ˴֮У˻ϣʥŮһ֣Ůʱ£Ѿһ𣬻ͬͬ£һǶʥҶҶɱȫʬ
ʥŮҶǿޱȵӣɴ˸£æͷ
ʱҶȴѾ磬֮ͨУһͨۼǶȥһƿؿռص˵ۼؾ֮С
ؾ֮⣬ȴҶѼʼɳĴأһҶŹϢ֣һҶȴϾǷϻһʧȴʹռŻ֮ȥ
ۻ𣿡һλȼϵ͵Ľ죬̲סˡ
ۻʱһλĽҶʧ񡣡ǱµѣҶ˰û뵽ôòȻ˵زֱǿֲȴãҶԽǿȨԽ̡
ǱҶˣٱԺɾͬʱϲˣҵȾȻܼҶ
˵Ҷǵۼĸ֣һܷʥܵüʥ˷ɣǼĸ
ֻϧߵ̫죬лһݣȴҲҫʱ
ǧ֮⣬ƺ¥Уȴޱȣ֮а˾磬ʲô
ʱɭϯλ֮ϣӺޱҲ࣬ģȴӰŵӣҶ׺壬ϯߣȻȴһλڤ
չȳǵĳرȴʸڴһɻƺ¥ĳųԺȣȴκβãһܳģ
ʱλүȴؾ˱ɭһٳӺޱһ񣺡˴ϲӣС˵ʲôҲҪǣϲˣ
ʲôϲġޱ˵ţȴЦ˻ǽѣΪĸֿɻԶءҼޱѾǳеǿߣȴǲŮѽ
ޱҶүߣȻʱõĪôȻҪ졣ǺүЦ˵Ҷүּҵ򲻸֮ȵġҶүȥ֮ǰѾǳ֮ôã˵Ѿɹﵽ߽֮ҵֻ
⻰Цŵͷҵʱ֪߽֮ǿߣˡ
ʱǺүЦЦ˵ĸˣҵȻ֮ȡȴǲǿ֮ţƺ¥һλǿʵɳƵһһĴɣҪϵӰˡ
⻰ô֮أ׺Ц˾Ц
ʧڣĪ֣Ǻүæ֣վٱСԷһ
ֻǿЦˡ׺ЦŰ˰֣ӰҲֵܹϵܣƺ¥ʵܳӰţҲֻˡ
ʱҲǿϢȴҲѾҴﵽһ۷֮ȴӵʵ൱
ɭڲУڸض֮޳˶֮⼸ޱҲڽ𹫵ɷȴƽƽ̫ˡ
Ҷ䲻ߣ¦ҲڷڤУ¦ڿԴȨգ̨ϷҶ㣬мҾηԶҶһȴչмӣɳҶ㿴ضصز˵ȫάҶһ档һҲҽʵʵȴ˸ǵıء
ʯ븣ضĸ֮£ҶһѲϽǱԽĳ֮˵ȴʲô£ȻҲҪڿޣٿ޵ĽȻǽȴȫȻͨʿ֮ˡ
񣬽ʿܼƺ¥ǲξԪΪˣΪأǼҶֻҪԼŬģܵõĪôһ춼пܡ
ڴʱͻȻ˸ǧݵ
һ𣬴ڸϵ˶æվɭҲЦǰȥӭӡƬ̺һλʮꡢ۵ߴ󲽶룬һɭӣʱΪЦ˵ǸС²ȴˣˡ
ңɭæ񣬵Ѱռүһ㹧°ݣҲֻǹΪˡ
ˣȻҲˡ˶ǽ֮һףһףǰλ˸¦ȴҲǳ׶ѡ
λүͿչȳǵһڹԱȴæҪݵȴ¦ֱס˵زǳùٸҶүӵѣͲöˡ
һ˼æл
¦ɭϯЦ˵°ٷϴ٣ȴæúܣǰҵء
ϴμҸ֮ʱǰºأѾӡһЦֻǼڽôͶ´ݣүѾˡ
ɲҵ¦æ֡Ҵ˴һЩɾ⡣˵ŽһöտԨʯŵϣƵɭǰ
տԨʯװɼﲻǼǼ࣬ȻǺ
ˣϷлүˡɭЩ׹ݣҲûеôֱܳ¡
үԶǿͣϷȾһ˵ţƱ
ʱһǿޱȵϢȴ֮У˷һƬǽ塣
Ҷˣ֮𣿾Ȼһƽƽţ
һһޱɱ⣬˲ķ


474 󵨿ͽ
ʲôˣôĵӣ¦һ˳ʱɢһǿһȡ
Ȼҵƺ¥£ǻòͷˣ׺ҲǰɢȻҲǳһ۷ǿߵϢ
ӡɭӺޱһǰϢɢγһϣסõǿ֮ڳܼʱ𣬶㵽ȫ֮
һλףλףλһ۷壬һλһ׳ţһɲСӵֻϧпȴ߹һȺ
ɲǼ䣬һǿϢӿ˽ȴһ½ɢײ÷飬֣һ˱㱻Ǿĺˣȴ³Ѫ
λǿ߲ɴ󺧡Ҫ֪ǵһ𣬼춯أδֻͷϢܽǻˣȴǺεȸǿ֮
һЦЦ˵⣬ţһӰӿ֮У˲仯һΡһӰף¶Ƥֳ֮һ⣬Ŀɨˣ˶ͨ
ˣȴҶ֮һŷұ
ŷұ˸¦ϵλյġüͷ塣ôӣҶү׾죬㵽¡
ƨҶүһᵽҶ֮䣬ŷұҧгݡʱ֮ɻˣ˵أҪҶһĴ𣡡
󵨣¦һʥϾ֮壬㡭
ʥϣŷұЦƨʥϣ¦಻һ׵ССʲô
Ȼ輰ʥϣ¦ȡ
ұ֪ʲôĵ֮ŷұһЦ䣬͵һ֣һ¹ɨķһֱֵֿܻӱѹţһأ
˭Ҳ޷ǿӣǿɭ¦
ʲô׺屻ѹڵϣһҲãֱ֮У鲻Խ־֮ġ
⡭ȼӾϷȴҲ
ǰɡŷұ޵˵ڽһӰ֮ͻƣǰ˽֮ǿߣƾǼҲΪУҪɱǣö֣һ֮䣬ǱҪɾ
ʲô˽ǿߣһ仰ڣڳ˶ޱȣǸоһ־
˽ǿߣʲôĴڣڵۼϣֱ紫˵һ㣡
ŷұĿӵһصˣޱȵ⣬ȴʱɱ֡
ҿô֣ȴ֪ʲô㣡һˣһɾ㽫ֱ˹ǰ
ȴǿչȳǵر伶ǿߣڳ˽ǰȴֻһСݡһֻϰС˿ûеֿ֮
㣬ʲôŷұʵ
ءˡر类ŷұϢѹס飬ŻӦ
ˣǲҶĸˣŷұĿһޱ΢΢ͷԭˣǿǵúúһ
˵һһʱޱԵ͵ǰޱ޼ɵشţȻһͷޱĸףȻϣɫȴ˥ɫ㰡ãҲһЩж㣬ҲҶʶһԵְɡֻ´μ棬ҶҵĳƺҪһģΪˡˡ
˵ţһаЦһӿ𣬽ޱ˺
ס֣˫ĿѪɷ𣬵ȴһҲʹ޷ǰӡ
ޱǱŷұѹƣֻܷȴ߷ߵƿڴ
ŷұЦٴǣסޱҪ˺
ڴʱһ͵ؽޱ壬ޱͻȻһӵ֮ĸоȫʱܶŭ֮ʣҲô£ʱһ߳ŷұš
һ֮Ȼǰ˽ǿߵֱӷˤԶҲˡ
ޱƮȻأȴǺˡ
ţһůʱϯȫ˶оȫɣλǿܵˣҲ֮Ȭ˶ʱվ㵵ܣ֪Ƿʲô
ŷұôĵӣ
ɲ֮䣬һϵ𣬽ţĿռ䱻ֱ˺ѣҶǿռ֮һ֮߳УĿֱŷұŷұȫһ
ܣôɾ¦װףǵͨĴʥУʥȥˣôܻصۼ
㣿ɭſеҶ㣬һ󼤶
ˣû׺Ҳش
ҶүҶү˶еҶ㣬̲סݵڵأ·һ㡣
ĸˣû𣿡Ҷתޱеʵ
ûʲôޱһЦֻһ¶ѡ
˹§סޱһҶ㣬ͷ΢Цﺬһ⣺㣬ޱɺã
ҶһЦ֮䣬ħԼԭҰз˳ڴ֮Уâȴ֮䣬ޱһзɱỨţһͶ뵽ޱĻС
úӣޱϲ֣§סޱ
ŷұɫתҪȥħһ䣬顢ۣаٺһ֣һ½øͨ·ȫ
ξ޴һ֣㽫ֱӳơҶ㣬ٺһЦֻų׳ƣ̫С
ۼ˵еͻȻ˶ɾˣ˴ҶүѵѾ𣿡
λǿߣۼҶӵôǿޱȵĻ飬ȴ֮ϲ
ŷұҶĿŷұŨҵɱ⡣ɱһΧ¶ȱȻ½ֱӴɪɪ
ŷұֵҶ㣬оҶ֮ǰȣ˷츲صı仯Ǳ仯޷˵壬ȴе׵ľ˵Ҷ㽻֣ʱǶ࿴Ҷһۣоѹ޴ҪȼԼȥֵĿ⡣
¦ǣǺ˲ǳߵؽһŷұ͵ȫһһ»һɢڳЩͨˣȴ͵˺һռ䣬Ҫɶݶȥ
Ҷޱ飬ֻһ֣һʥʱķ»ֱɡʥ͸ˣֻʱ仯ʿߣʱӯǿ׳˾񣬶µʿоԼڣȻͻƼ޵ףһɾϲѡ
Щߣֱӽ
ţҶһץһʥ⻯צӰֱӽŷұץСŷұȴ޷վֵشҶ㣬ҶүҴˣҲ¦ǵӺļˣһеﶼ¦ϣԸү£ɱ¦ǣʱѾǿϣҶүһֻ²Ķ֣Ҽ룬һ
㣿ҶЦһˡ¦ߴһΧңȴɱˣ֪ӵȥˡ㲻֮ѵһӣ浱Լʲô˲õ
ʲôŷұȫˡ
ţǰҶ㾹ȻѾﵽľ磬ߴΧ֮£ɱˣ
ʲôȼ
ôôǿĴڣ
ҶүţﲻССһֻϣַ̧һɣ
㷽ŶҪҼ֮ʣ뵽ԼһֻϣҶ䣬͵ؽս
ɲǼ䣬ŷұһ˺ѷεĲҽУʥֵ֮Ĺâֱӽ飬һ塣
壬尡ţ߶ӰԼ
ʲôǰֻһĿǡҶЦһ֮䣬ʥһ½Ӱŷұϰ룬͵Ҷǰ
һʥ⣬룬ؼһʱصŷұĲҽС
ҶүҴˣ


475 ݼ
ûлӦֻʥľֲŷұڲҽ֮һ߽⣬ûϢ
Ƭǲ档
֮вֱ֮ħ磬۳һöӢ鵤
̫ˣ˸¦ۼҶ׾ͽһλ˽ǿ߻ɱɿôסκȴ̲ס
㣬ѾˣɭҲһǰ˽׵ĸְ㾹Ȼӻ־ͽɱˣ
үүѾáסƺˡޱ޽˵ڲ֮ǰѾͻʮ׼ޣʥˡ
ʲôڳ˶סˣһըͷҲڸ𾪡
ġޱ֣ص˵һλǿߵΧǽҪͷȴ޴ƿʥ֮ţΪʥЩǿ߻ǲȴжʥϵԡʥֱ֮ӻɱ˶Էλǿߡ¦ʱ֮磬˵ΣգʱֻѾʣµ˶ɱˡ
ʥˣʥ˰ɭɼ
ֹӷ޶˱һ𣬼˶ţԼﾹȻһʥˣ
¦ȫɵڵôҲţԼȻۼ˵еʥˡ
ۼʥˣұʱˣҲֵˡǼò֪˵ʲôźá
ֵܣ㾹Ȼʥˣ׺ҲǼԵʡ
ڳˣһĿɿڴȻҶݵһء
λɡҶһЦ޴˹ȥ˶
үүĸ״磬ǰ˸иλѣǱҲо޴ΣգȴܾڴˣƽҾ֮λɡҶ˵ţͻȻһħ֮УħʱһħϵħһƬŷұ֮ɵӢ鵤ںһٽʥźеʥֳһ֣ҲУħ׺֮½Ӣ鵤Ƭ̼γһöµɢһħ֮һץöӢ鵤С
ĸƺ¥ʱԱȴܷģ˱ǿƺ¥ǡ˵ţֱƵɭǰӢ鵤˹ȥ
үүѸߣ´˵ȴҲ٣ĻɡЦŶɭ˵
˵˽ɭһĵҩҲû˵
Ҷͷ
Ǿ͸ޱðɣɭ˵
˵꣬ҶҡͷһЦޱȻиõĵҩá
ǸӰɡɭ˵Ѿˣδǡ
ͷ°ɡҶһЦ䣬ȴʹǿֶΡ˵ǿֶΣʵҲǶֻ֣һһѹɭ鲻Խſ죬ҶֱӽӢ鵤ɭĿС
үүҪˣ˵ţһ֮һħʥһͬħӿ𣬲ƵɭϡɭֻԼϾڣ֪ﵽ۷ףȴƴǣæ仯
˲䣬һǿޱȵɭɣֱֳϾɭӾҵţ
Ȼ˲ףǿĵҩӸӦɭɻͷƬ̼ɫһ䣬ʲôôܣôϢֱǿˣооԶңѵֱֽĽף
Ľף¦ʧ
ĽףޱһЦǰֻҲֻܸӦһˡүүڿѾ塭Ѿˡ
ף˶ʧ
ţڵ߽ףֵ߽۷ˣѽҵĻҪǿӦǽ˽ˣޱ磬ⵤҩô𣿡
ּЩϡҶ˵ںħʥԵҩøࡣȻ޷ﵽŽף˽۷ûġ
̫ˣޱɸ˵Цүү˰˽׸֣ڵۼϾݺ£޵ˡûκ˸ǻƺ¥ˣ
ˡ˽۷壿¦ȫ˽۷壬Ĵڣۼϣȴǿ֡
Ҷ㣬вǿҵ֮飬Ȼ̲סҪҶȥ
һöҩһλ˽۷ĸ֣⻹
ʥ
֮һƽϢȴҶⷢ䱬ʱ̣ɭȴ˿Ӱ졣
˽֮ɭ棬ȫ͸һǿʢ趯ݡ㵵ؿԼ˫֣ȴԼȻǿ
һƪŽǿߵĵáҶһ˵һħе˵̫Եһƪر֮һֱӴɭԭҰ֮Сүүþȴ׸ʹ֮⼸նоһرĵãӦúܿԼˡ
⡭ɭȴ֪˵ʲôá
ҶתӣһЦ䣬ħнӰȡ˳ڷŸɭ֮ʱƾħħнһ飬ʱгħʥϢɢµʥϢȴ֮ǰ
ΪӰŷұŴǼԨ֮ޱߣҷŽ֮¶죬Ѿӵ˳Ž۷֮ʹӵвҶ˵Ȼ⡮ڶǿǰҲǷЩѣȫס˽׵ȫһʱܰ㽫һ͸ƾ㲻볬˽ǿһսҲڰ˽ǿǰȻӳ
˵һ֣ӰʱԶӵϡ
ȴȻ֮ĸ죬ٲڤһʹߵҪ󣬲ܴﵽĳױ޷ʹá
⡭Ҳòѣ˵һ仰
磬㻹ûءޱʱƤЦ˵
ٲˡҶһЦһ֣ȴֻתħзתޱԣеϢһ²ޱϣȴҶޱΪ
ʲôޱӦֻ޴ת֮ϣ̺ޱǿϢʵȴӦתֵжǿҲö𺳣ȴƹɷһ˵
Ϊת֡Ҷ˵Ƕͭٴ۵Ϲŷˡһֻ͸ĸֻÿֻʥ֮ħܴ֮ﵽʮ׵ĳ̶ȡֻĸֻ·Ӳܴﵽ˽ȴԿ϶
⻰ޱʱҲɵڵ˵ˡ
绹ƫأޱЦˣĶʮ׷һֻүү͵򲻹أ
⻰һڣȴ˶̲סЦ˳ɭҲ˵һ̾ϱʲôĺ£ҽһŮ
ʮ׷¦ֻתֻ֣ԼҪˡǰһж̫ˣֱԼΡ
״磬ҲзݡҶ˵ţħȡ͵׺С
ǡӦϵľ޴׺һ뿪ЦʣⲻҲʮ׷ɣ
ʮסҶһЦ̫ǿȡ֮ʱҲԾҲֻǾŽ׷ѡ
⡭ֵ׺循ˡ
ǰ˸仹мǱȴвѡҶԶһЦˣȴֻλһȵĶˡ
˵һħʱħʮħĴ˲ʮɽ˳Ҷֱӽֳݣ˶С
ʮɽÿöһħĴ۶ɣһλħϾг߽֮Ҷ˵ÿöȴֻʹһΣɾ⡣
⡭˶𺳵˵ˡ
г߽֮ķɽɾ⣿
˵ѣķɽֻʹһΣǵõһѣҲջˣ


476 ֵط
õҶһغôһ˶˵ÿ˶һһĸо
һ֮·˵Ƕôж˿ĳһϣ㵽۷ҲһԽյϱڣֹǰ
ȻҶ̶ʱڣ˲ӵǿֱսԼǿߣֱλһ㣡
үүĸ״磬ǰ˸иλҶһ֣һٻһڻħ֮СһҲǿǰȥϮȴҪһϹȥұ
үүˡǷģһܺõġޱҪ˷ֱ𣬶Щ˸У֪˱ֱӽħ硣
ҶҲ˵ֱ֮ӷɶݶȥ
ʥˣʥ˰¦˻ڸ̾ݡ
ɭһȴǰٸнԲԼƺ¥һȻһԾ˵ۼǿ
ղź˵ʲôǡ˵ʲôʲô۵ġɭʱͻȻӦȻʲô˼
Ҷãʹħռ֮ŵֱ˸ض졣ѳ֮أҶһĸֻıȴΪǿ
ԪӦ֮ѾȫƽԪӦ˷ڤĳԪǱֻͨؾͺãǱߣ¦ɳĴפأֻһֱִɣֽȴڸضǴ
ռŻδڸض֮Уһ֮Ҷһʱħ绽ԼħڣħСϢһӶȥ
ȴ򸣵ضȥķ򰡡ޱ˵
ϮǳӡҶ˵ȴŷұСĵǱϸع۲죬ҪȷȷʵλֺϹܹ˼֮ʱŶ֡ˣҲŲŻصǱڸǱֱɱǰֲ
˵ţħ͵ؼ٣Ƭ̼ض츽һɽ֮Уһƿһ޿ռ䣬һߡ
һף뼰ޱȣȴŷұһĳӡ
ͻȻƿ޿ռԼߣӡһʱҶֱӽħָ˴Сȴŵӡ亹ֱ
ħ磿Ҷ㣡ֵؽš
Ҷһͷħз˳һԣӡЦۣþòˣȴʲô
ôӡæ𾪿ɫֻװȵӡ
Ϊλڴ˴Ҷʡ
ֻ¦ǰ㲻ڰٷڤѡӡѶôݸ壬ſھ
ɣͻȻ䣬ٺħзӡλŵɫࡣ
ʹۣôᡭӡ˲
ôĵӡٺЦһҵգ˵ʲôֻΪܰٳ߸ͷһȴһԸҲŴģһʥȴû뵽㾹ȻʲôȥѰʥź
ʹˡӡæֻͣ뱨Ȼҵ䣬ݶᱦѡҶǼթޱ֮ˣɲΪ飬سԴ
סڣٺ״һתҶ㡣㣬˱㽻ҰɡƭһʥŸ鷳ұɱǸǰɡ
ǰˡҶﺮˣȴҪԶ֣ҵѩӰ΢ʱң׵Ļ飬Ϊͣ͵ϮʹѩӰΪҶһ룬ܸȴҪΪ𣡡
ɱʱӦѵӡȴһ͵һâлһ֮һɢޱ߽Ҷ
Ҷ㣬뿪ħ磬ͲǴ֮Լֲңӡȣɱ
΢֮˵ɱңҶ㻺ҡͷ֮гʥ⣬ʥźһ³ߣȴδԼֻ֮ʹʥ֮ѹӡ
ʥźһǿޱȣźͷ˫ۡͷ֮ǿƣ˫֮£ȴѾԹһˡźϣȴǾޱȣһ³֣ʱʥ⽫ǽֱӻƣһʥ⻯˾ֱ֣ӽӡУ޷ѡ
ʥźӡʥͷ­˫ۣɾֵزôܼôʥź
ʥźʲôٺЦһ֪֮ǰ桢Ψݺ¦ǵڵߴ֣һʹǿΧ㣬ȴ㽫;ӰֻɱɱǱΪ֪ŷұܵۼ˷ˣֻ罫Щ˶ɱˣ
ʲôӡĿɿڴ
ɣҶѾƿʥţɾʥ֮ٺЦֻѹ˷֮ʱ˼䣬ҪЩǿȫɱʥȥ
ʥˣɾʥ֮ӡŵɫҰޱȣȫɫͻȻ䣬һʹҶģҶʥС¦֮ԣŸԣ˴ȴûжˡСһ֮ϣСһɣСͻԼٲۼǣ
һɻԡҶ˵㲻Ǳŷұˡȷʵ޷˴ʱᶯ֣Ҳ֪ѩӰĳҲһҪ
ɲǼ׺ݵɱ⣬ʥ͵һըӡһҽ֮Уʥֱը΢ɢķ
һףȴ˲õķֱӱʥը顣ȴ˲ãǳŽ׵ķڱը֮Ҷػȴ˿δˣҶֱȡ˹ħ֮УʱԾħ
ӡİ˽ǿ֮ҲҶһȡħһöӢ鵤ҶֱǰħʥͬʱУǿħ֮Уá
ⲻ֪ļһûմˡٺ׺һȻ֪Ϊѣȴԣע
ȥְɡҶһЦ
Ȼٺ׼æͷ
һħ磬Ƭ̼ɶݵض죬ֱƿճɽ嶴С
ʱȴжʮڸض֮ҶͻȻһ֣ȴ˶һһʱֹһɢ޴
ҶͥȴУһ˳һʲôˣȻôأ
磬ҡҶһΣħ磬ǰ
㣿δĵܵܣҶͥȴԭأ漴һһ±˹Ҷ§ڻС㣬ʱȴȥˣʥ˵£ȥˣСӣøôģôһ٣
㣬㾹ȻˣҶӣ𣿡Ҷ磬Һ㣡ˣڻˣ
֮˷һʱҶ㱧һš
СЧ͡ӡǧ׺ơŦ˪ʮнƹﻢڣԪӦѩɣŦŦޣ޹ѪƽĪͿŮĪͿŶȴҶһнˣڴ˴ˡ
λҶˣʱٺħ˳ЦųҶͥһ֣Ǳ˸˵Ҷʥһ٣ǼֱĿ񻰣ҶôǺǡ
Цҡͷֹ
λǣѩĪͿ򣬶ǳĽ׵ʱӦٺԨȴǿǳʱ֪Ǿ֣æҶѯʡ
λΰǺ͹۰ٺǰҶܵǳʮ׵ľ֡
ʮף˶Ŀɿڴ
ٺȴһ졣


477 ǿ
Ͳˣʲô֣ⲻȡЦ𣿡ٺεһЦ˰֣Ҷʥô˵ʲô֣ҶʥⱲܷʮȴδ֪֮ߣʲôƤ񵽸ҶʥǰǸֵĵز
⻰ȴһ䡰ҶʥҸǲԡ
硣ʱޱҲħ磬ҶͥƮȻʩ
ޱǡֽˣĪͿӦޱҲɲ⣬ɾȶʡ
߽׶ѡޱһЦһ̫Ͳ˼˵ӡ
߽ףѣĪͿŶŵһͷޱٶȼֱһˣҵԿ
Ҷʥڣ߽ʲôٺЦˡ֮ʮ׺ܿܵ
ǰЧʱ̲סʡһһҶʥȴʲô˼أ
ȻǶʥ˵ĳƺˡٺ˵ôǵۼϲôƺʥ𣿡
ʥˣһ˶סˡ
Ҷʥ֮ǰ֮ͨУߴΧأƿʥ֮ţȻɾʥ֮ٺ˵ֻѣǿдϻ˺λǿж˷Ҫǿͼʥ֮¡
˵ЦɣҶͥȫɵˡ
Ȼǡޱ˵Ѿǡʥ֮ȷʥ֮󣬾ͻΪʥˡ
ʥˣʥ˰һ˲ɾʧٻЩš
ϴηֱȴ¡Ҷֱӽ򵥵˵һ飬˵ʥź֮£Լͨ޲̾
Щ¶˵ȴ̫ңԶ·˽зһ㣬Լϵﻢɸ̾ҶүҶʥߵ̫Զǿߵӣȴ治ҵȷóİ
˼ʴδˡҶ˵¦ǵȥȴֱʥĶȥ֮ǰʥԸҡҲڴ˾Ҫȥʥ
ԣǵ֣˵˺Ҷ磬ǿǲˣҶ磬ǰﲻʲôæˡ
ǰæҶһЦǵʵҪȴǽʵ
˵ţȴȡһöӢ鵤ҶͥСһöӢ鵤Ӱ֮۶ɣʮǿټҶʥħЧ
磬ٽ˵¡˵
Ҷ֪ͥʲôҩҶȻ˵ˣͺԥسȥƬ֮䣬оȫɾ⡭ʲôҩôһȥҪ
Ľ㡣Ҷһ֣֮һʥħħзҶͥϡҶͥæȫͻƽ
ɲǼ䣬һӿϵһͻƼޣ֮Ȼﵽ˾Ž֮
⡭ʲôʧ֮ӦԼϵľɾ
ǿѩɵɴ۾Ľ֮ȴѾ޷͸Ҷͥǳȴ𺳲ѡ
ϲҶӽŽףԴ֮֮۳ҡٺЦֵء
Žף˶ŵôסˡ
ŽףǼֱҲ롢û֮Ҷͥô׵ؾʹﵽľ磿
ֱ˼飡
λʲôٺһЦָָħ硣Ҷʥħ磬ʥأұͻƼޣﵽʮ֮ʮ׶ܣŽȴʲôˡ
ǰ˵ЦˡҶһЦҲΪǰǾŽ۷壬ħֻǰһ£ǰһԽǵżѡ
ûһ£Ⱳܷﵽ־磬ȴ֪ˡٺɫ
ȫס˵
ҶһЦĿɨˣ˼ʱħУһö;ɵѪɫӢ鵤һöʥϢŮʻɵʥϢһöոջɱӡɵӢ鵤ǰöҩдãȴʹãһö֮ãڳ˸Լѣ˭˭ȴ⡣
Ҷͥ׸磬кôȸҶͥ˭ҲһöӢ鵤˭ãҲֻĵȴδûܹƽԴҡ
˼֮䣬սӢ鵤ȡ˳ȴǧ
ǣǧһȴҽӡ
ʦ°ɡҶһЦ֮ҲħǿķܽǿзȡΪáӢ鵤ҲҵʦͽһȻӦûر
ǧζҶʦҶ㽫һĻԼоúʣ˸ˡ
ôصĶôҪǧæҡͷ
ҶһЦ䣬ȴǿ֮ǧ޷֮£ǵҩι£Ծ֮ǧȴҲﵽ˳˽֮
ǿǿǧӦڵɷ𡣡ԭ˽֮ôǿ󣬾Ȼռ֮ʹ֮ȴ°빦
ǲǵռ֮ٺһЦȴǡ֮
һƪŽǿĵãʦǶ࿴֪ȷʹáҶٽ̫ԵرһݣҶͥǧԭҰ֮УħʥںϷγһƪ֣ڶһƬƽıϡ
λѽϰȡøͻơ˵
ţһ֣ȴʮö鵤Щ鵤ȥƣΪֻƾǿͻƴﵽ˵ûʲô̫壬һֱħУʱȴָˡ
ЩǼ鵤ƾǿֱͻƽ˵䲻ʲô˲õĶȴҲЩô͸ңԼѻǵӵʹðɡ
ʮö鵤ÿһöʣ˼öҶ㽫֮ҶͥҪڰظضĳ͢ѡ֮Խ֮á
鵤Ҷ˵ʲô˵ȴرһСպãϲѡ
һ׹Ҷ˵ţֽ´õĹȡ˳ֱӸ˷Ч͡磬ʱʱҲٰһױðɡӰַгŽ֮úʹãԵֵ˽ǿߡ
ôáЧͼɫͨ죬ȴգҶһЦ䣬ֱ֮˷Чϣ޷ƴǡܵϴǿЧҲ᲻ƴˡ
磬ŽףһǲġҶ˵ţֽȡ˳ﻹһ׾ǳʮ׵ǿλģұٸҴˡ˵ţֱӽҶͥϣȴƴǵĻᶼûС
أ˲Ц֮࣬Ҳϲ
Ҷһ׳ۼ˿֮棬ȴ棬Ļʲô
ӣСŦҶתˣһЦ佫ʣµֻתȡ˳һһֻ˹ȥֻȴõֻ
ǸҵʱҲ̣Ҳ֮ˣֻת֣ʮ׵ķޱߣǷ֮áҶ˵үүЩҲΪҳ˲ҸֻУȴһֻģɲ̡ܶ
ܣӦתĪҡҡͷ
һۣħʱӿ˵ȴǾħħ⣬ϵݻһƪƪħγһ󽫴˰ٶħĴ֮һ·˳Уȴÿ˶ֵʮ֮ࡣ
Щÿгֻ߽֮ԷÿֻһΡҶ˵ʱɱһλ߽׸֣ҲһɡûиǿʱЩ͸λѣǾñطļɡ
һЩ˵
񣬿̫ˣ


478 ʥ
һħĽҶֶʮҶͥͬʱҲħȡһһҶͥ
ǽȴǺӰǵ֮УԼܾܽ˾жã׷ԭҪɭʹãʱɭѱɾ֣СС׷ȴǶ֮࣬ãֱȡҶͥ
͢ɱظЩղǳ¡Ҷ˵ҵϵΪЧȴӦʵô˲ҡ磬ʮħĽ£ЩΪǳĽ졣һӰЩħĽʤڲһԷҲǲ
áҶͥһЦİɣҲƽ֮ʱҲЩȥԪصǱػ˵²٣͸ô򷢣ЩʯĪм
ǱáҶһͷʥлһᣬұ뼰ϻȥʹˡ
˵ţһ֣˼æ
λҸǣ˽ᣬټɡҶһЦţޱٺһͬħ֮У˲ɶݶȥ
Ҳ벻°ѩɲɸ̾ʥˣҾȻһλʥ˲սΪѣǺεҫ֮£
ˣͬУҶͥΪҶֳϲ֮࣬ҲаҲ֪ˣҶȴһλʥˣԴ֮ǧҶ֮쳹ۼǣ
ת֮䣬Ҷ뿪˵ۼǣٴν֮ͨУħһ·ǰʥȥ
ˣ磬ǷѾܽѩӰأޱħ֮оѩӰ壬ͻȻѩӰӢڵ¡
ԣҶ˵ʵڳʥɲǣѾħ£ȴڷ֮ԾӰԭҰеѩӰԪȴʹԪ֮õĶˣֱѩӰԪҲﵽʥ޳̶ȣʱٽԪѩӰڣֱһʥ򣬻Ϊʥޡ
£ޱ˷ǿ̫ˡֻһʥôҲǵġѩӰ飬Ҳµ
˵˴ȴ˸
ޱġҶס֣ҲӦ㣬һὫҲʥ򣬾˵
˵ţȴ͵ض޴Ӷħһ½;ѪɫӢ鵤ʥϢŮʻɵһöʥϢһһʥħ⣬֮ٴһöҩ
һ̣ȴ˽һʱڼħ֮ͣͨУȫһöҩ֮ϡ
֮ɢһʥĹâȴ·һС̫һ㣬ʮ־ˣɾⵤҩȥֻޱʱܴﵽʮ֮ɣ
һλʮ׵ĸΪټʥɵʥ֮ħ֮ޱﵽʮףǽҲʲôҩˣҶǵҩ͵ޱߣ˵ʲôĿˮȴʤǧ
ޱһ󼤶ڽǵҩȥɲ֮䣬һ˲ֱͦӣ޴Ϣȫһ»һȻ
Ǿϵضɢһʥ֮ħںУ˸εΪ׳֮ۡ󣬾ƽϢޱ۾ȴһϢ
Σ̲סʡ
ˣޱش𣬰ٺȫؽ㣬Ȼ˭뵽侹֮һλ߽ǿߣʮ׳̶ȣ漣ֱ漣
ֻһֻ֮Ӣ鵤Ҳ޷ɴ¡Ҷ˵ѻΪʥ㱻ӡסȫʥ֮ҺһöʥϢʥϢʥʥ֮ټ⡮ʥȫȻ֮
ֻǾʥȴԶȴ̲סֹ
£ȴ˷ͨ죬ϣ֮һԴͨʥ뷲ͨʱĸȥҲ£
δ֮²ɲ⣬ĽޱǸ˴ʥ򡣡Ҷᶨ
һڻжϣ
ħϢƬ̣ٶһռͨʥȥ֮УػصǸΰ֮ڡ
ʱ˽κǿߣֻһƬ֮УʥڸԵ֮ϰӡ
ҶҲٽӴЩʥ壬ʥϢʥֱԺдݳҶӴʥȻֱӾͿʥ֮ءԸΰдתԽ˼ʥ磬һ֮С
ȴٲ֮ǰǸռģֻһƬأɽ壬ޱ޼ʵƺͬɾһԹþһã˲֪δΪ棬δΪ١
ʱһƮ˹һ½ħ֣ҶȴֱӸоǿޱȣȻڰ֮ʣҪħֽΪһ֣ʵ
ħǺεǿķЩȴƲĻϢֻϢ֮ӿ˺ħֺ
ҲϺõϡҶ۲Ƭּ̣ħһħħͬʱһҶִһ
һɣٺ׾̲סץ˹ϸȻ˵㣬ԽԽˣȻһҵȼ͡ţҲһ׷Ҫκһϣǿƴı
Ҷ˵ֻ¾ʥػȻǿȴҲǾõĲϣǱһ߸·һռЩҲ׳үүǵʵ
ˣһǰһռһ֮Ʈ۳ɴʵ壬κηԵõЩȴʺϴ
н䣬ȴ͵һͻȻһޱʱѾʮ׸֣ŴΣ飬ȴоƽۣԳʹ֮ɫȻˡ
ǸҶһЦֶһ֮壬˲ָһܸظӦı仯ȴûħ֣ȴҵˡ
ˣۼæҡͷֻСΪ۶֮壬ȴСӰ󡣡
˵֮䣬ȴ˱仯һٵɢ¶һƬɽĴأһɵĴ󳱣һɽͻȻӿħΧ·ˮҪħֱû
ʲôˣȻʩ͵ϮֶΣҶȴȫΪ⣬ħʱ֮ϣһȭħ֮ʱһʮɸߵҶӰһȭǰһĲֱӽǴ󳱴öݣķѲӡ
ٷһץֱӽǲƵĴץУ͵һʱɽϱһӰڷɶһ֮С
ȴһߴʮɵͭˣȫɢһԶĹžϢǸֻۣ·Ǿսһ㣬ЩطеֱӴУЩѾʴòӣͭȴһ˺⣬֮һ㡣
ǣٺȴһ̲ס
ǰƺϵޱʡ
ôΣȻ˴ףҲʥ֮۶ɣȴĽ
ûϴ⵱ΰǴ˵еһٺ˵ȴѾϹ֮Ǵ˵ǰΰǿ֡ϻķΰߡ
˵Ҷ㻺ͷЩĳ̶ȣȷʵ֮á
˵ţħ֮һͷ֪ˡʥΪάԼȹ̣⼸ÿһʱ䣬ȴῪͨǿΪ˶ʥź˴ȴʥɱɣǵķʥƣ


479 ʥ
Դʥߣʱͭ͵ΰߣȴͻȻ˵֮ͬһ㡣
˵ǡڡ˵ʵȴûпڣֻһĲϴȴ˹ͨ
ⷨܿ˵ǡȵ
ʥҶ㻺˵
˵֮ʣΰȴͻȻ޴һſֱԿץȡһʥųһţһǰƳǵʥʱΰ֮ںϣݻһƺܴ͸ķǹǹͷ֮ϢҲ֮ʣֱ
ȻҪҶľӰֱħ硣
һֱţҶӰһ֮سǹֱӿסǹ洦ȴ𣬽ǳǹȶס
ΰߣǷҶʡ
֮ˣ̤ʥ򡣷ֻ·һΰţȴشҶĻ
ǾʥӰĿܰˡҶҡҡͷǣֻѾȫʥᣬһܱżϧ
˵֮䣬Ӱһº£ץǳǹǹǹʱͬıһѣǷǹֱӱָ΢ɢС
ΰۼӰȴΪһչ˫֮ȴһٵתΣһСУʱΧؼʥ֮תݼԽԽǿ
֮ʣΰߵҲӿһ·Զ磬һŨĹžϢһ׹ǧĹĸоֻһжǳ¸ưܵģԼƺҲʼһ¸ưܡ
˲䣬ΰߵ˫ƶУԼǰϣƺ£һ𣬽ѹһţȴ˸Ϊ񱩵һۣ֮ͭڴʱ˵â͵ؽ˫ȭһһǰ
һȭ֮ͬСɣֱΧҲΪ֮ɫ֮֮Ҷѹȶ
ǿǼʮ׵ķҶ㻺ͷʥֱӿƣȴܽʥеʥ֮ʱΪǿɱʮ۷ҲС
һ˵ţһ߻ӳһȭȭӰһ±ΰ߻˫ȭ֮ϡʱԵжͻȻͣסȻطתȻһΰߣΰߴĶ
ΰ߸ߴʮɣʵǸˣҶľӰȴмʮ֮ߣվһΰȴһ㣬ʱٵڵϣԵСҶһ̧㣬Ӱ̧̤֮סΰߣħʱΰ߲˸ʵ
һħ׺죬ħӵΰȫʥźɢĪ֮ΰһɨɾ
һǿʥڷţҶ֮Ҳ֮ȴʱѹ棬ձһػơ֮ΰߵ·һ֮ͭ⣬ȴûֳ¸ưܵϢħţվһСħ֮С
ǰҶһЦ䣬ĴָСΰߵݸ˰ٺסΰǵĶù黹ΰǡ
⡭ٺ׼æ֣ǿķ˭շԼŰɣһѲҪ׳𣿡
ȴͬҶҡͷôãȴûʲôǽ軨׷Ҳıġΰ߲ΰ֮ȡ֮ŵۼϣʱֻⷨ飬Ҳ᲻ˡǰ°ɡ
˵ţֱ˰ٺ׵С
ٺˬʵһЦҲƴǣãȴ֮ұˡл
δ£Χռ֮ȴӿһת֮䣬ȻļεķԶ˹һ½ҶΧСļηСʽͬȻǳͬһʮɸߣСıֻ糣˴Сġҵӣһ½ҶΧסɢʥȴҶС
Щĸķȴˡٺļҡҡͷ
ʥЩ䣬ռǿв١ҶһͷȴãҾͶ֮°ɡ
ôĿʱʮɸߵηͻȻڣȴһ
˵ˣһԻȻǣǼһˡ
֮ⷨҶĿһѸٵħţȴȻ΢΢һЦǷ˵ǣû뵽ʱ䣬֡ȴԼǡѵƾ⸱ҲԼʥˣٷʥ𣿡
ߵηЦǿǿ뷨˽յı仯ҵĿģȴǻصʥʥжôģҲĳ˵һʥѣȴǿڣ֮ѾԲⷨȴͻʵ֮Уʱұ֮ߴڣ񲻱ʥ֮иΪ
ʥˣħ֮У˶ʧ
磬ʮɸߵξʥ˵ǡʲôǣޱ̲סʡ
ȴҽӴϢġҶ˵ǰηȴǣֻƵĿ֮һʮɸߵǺǹʱһǿΪ񡯣ɸǸǹʱΪɸǸǾǹŴΪָħ˰СģȴǹŴΪʥսʡ
ⶴϤ֮Ƿ㣬֪ʲô֪ٺײһ߸̾
û뵽õģȻȴǡҶһЦȤ֮ƴȫβǷʥ򣬶Ϊʥŵȴڷ
òģԶõġִʥǵҵԵ֣Եٲɡ
˵ţͻȻǾ޴ȭͷȭ֮һˮһ½ΧնȾ˽ɫ·һƽôҪҶƸ
Ҷȴǽ֮ȴǾ޴ɱޱߵϢ
ΪƾļܻɱңҶҡͷһЦʥ뷨ֱͬͯһ㣬̫ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȴȭ㣬һӰջӶȭͷһȭŽ˹ȥ
棿ʥǷЦҿ˭ɡ
ɲ֮䣬ļηȴͨЩΪһ壬һӳڽϡȭϵĽһʱʢ͵ػҶľȭײһһʱ䣬֮ȾϽϢʱóأȴƬ̼仯˽ۣ·¡
ҶǾӰ֮ȭϣȻҲȾһЩȭͷȻ˽ɫǽɫӣžӰͷȥнӰ֮ơ
Ҷħ֮УֻԼֱͷһ飬ȴǽ֮ͨӰԼһһ³һħ磬С
ħԭҰ֮У
ƽƸ֮ټʥʥ֮ȻϧʥǰҲСˡնЦͷֱһ֮䣬ӰϲƵĽһ±Ĩɱɾ
ʥߣЦˣܸӦϵʥϢϧδȫƿʥ֮ţʥʱ㣬մȾ˼ʥ֮ݻˡʥѡҴڣ˼֮ϣҲ޵֮ܺɨķϧڣղֻҵһ̤ʯ


480 ȡĴŴ
մȾʥ֮ҶҡͷЦʥʶȴС
˵֮䣬ͻȻһֱִĽ
סʱҲȴͻȻһ֮һŽҶزȥ
δؽȽҶΧһӿţҪҶ֮ڣֱֻ߽
סɱңҶһЦƾ⼸ȴһЩ
˲ҶȴǰЩһһԼֱӲԼϣȴ·ҪֿζԷԼɱһ㡣
ףʱǽȴǾȵȻҲҶΪ
ֻҪ㿴һҵǷֻմȾһ˿ʥ֮ҶһͻȻȫһһؽ⡢һʱӦƣɳ޴ŷķ
ǷҶҡҡλΣֱˤ˳ȥ
ɵĴʱ㱻ƿļηٲһһ±˼֡
Ҷһ׷ˤȥ֮Ӱһֱ
󣬵Ӱֱң·ӣƵֻʩչǿӲƴ
ˮ𣬻һˮ͵һµձڣûһеˮ֮ƣžƳȥ
Ǻˮ֮Ȼ£ھǰȴͬСϪ˻һ㣬ȫʲôԡһĻˮֱӱˮĽķƻøɸɾ
ȷʵһ÷ұ㽫ˡҶ΢΢һЦ䣬һץǾӰ֮һǰֱӽС֮Уǿݺݳ壬Ƭ֮㽫ڵʥ˸ɾ
ʱһһҶֱӽأͶ뵽ԭҰڵħ֮С
󵨣Уٴγ֣һȭȻһضɻƽĽȭ
ƽƸ֮סˣȴסҡҶ˵һȭȴһƪƪʥԾӰȭһ
Ƹ̣Ψ㣬࣡Ҷһƪƪ˲ײǽȭ֮ϣһ֮ʱΧһ㽫߽⣬ɢ١
Ҷ˽ȭʱŽָħ˹ȥǷĿһʮָʱʮиռ磬ɢʥҶնȥУʱʮ޴ĽӰ֣ؿռ䣬նһۣҶΧҪзʬ
Ҷ˫ȭһչȭȴǧӰӰһȴһͬ𣬶ҶûǰһȭӰ֮ȭڽָħϣʱָħȫ𶯣ɣͬ⵽һֹ޷ж
Ӱ͵һץ㽫⽣ָħץУӿʥ֮ȫƻָħҲһͶħ֮н
ʥףսɱķʱǳ˴СʥսͻȻ֮䣬Щȫȴ֮磬͵Ҷ˹ն裬һһҪҶС
ǼõķʥȴǿϧҶһͷӰһȭһ޴֮䣬÷飬ӰһץʥսҲץУһֱֻֿӴʥսڣеʥʥսҲħ硣
ֻʣһˣҶ㿴Ž΢΢һЦ
һ㹻񴦴ʥǷݵķ߸߾˫ۣͷϷգڳ·һơһ˫ּۣԽԽ󣬷·гһֽС̫
ڽ٣һУ͵ؽС̫С̫֮ͻȻ仯̬ȴǻһֻ̫񡪡ڡ
ڷӶ£ŹҶ۽ƺκηǰ޷ֿΪҪۻֱ
ãȻԷ̫ⷨҲҪˣҶһͷӰ͵ǰſ˫ֱӰץȡһ½Ǿ޴ڵ˫ץסŭžӰźݺȥ
ڵ׺ҶһЦӰʱɿһֻ֣ȴһץסڵͷ͵һǽڵԴӲϳϣһּ֮½ڵȫ˺ѣĽ˷ɢ
ǿ񴦴ǵľ
Ϊֻƿһʥ֮ţմȾЩʥ֮ҶЦһǵЩǿлڷ亦ѣѷȥ
ʲôٷһ㡭˼Ѿɾʥ֮ȴԼǿѹʥٻ֮ûзȥ
㵹ҶһЦ
ܣǽʷδ˴ﵽʥ֮ܶϾʥٻ֮˭ҲܣʥǿߡҲܣȴôģ
֮룬֮ѡҶһЦͻȻŽ˹һȭջӰ֮ȭ˲ӹգŽȥ
񷢳һȫ˲仯һ޶ܣԼǰԼȴȥֻ̧֮ƺҪʲô
ƣҶһӰ֮ȭ˲Ǿ޶֮ϣǾ޶ܴѺۡȭǰǰһ磬㱬һ֮Ǿ޶ںȻ飬Ӱ֮ȭ͵ǰȥֱӴĽϡ
޴ķֱӱ÷˳ȥԶ
Ҷһʱ缲һ׷ȥƬ̼ߡ
޴һ̧һֻƣָϲһ⣬ϻһ֧֧޴ĻƽҶ籩һҶ㵭һЦȴֵ˾Ӱһĺζȴһ֧޼˵
ת֮䣬Ѿ˽Ϸ͵˫һصպģҪҶһĳࡣ
ҶȴͻȻ˫һͬƳбʱľӰ쿪˫ۣ˫ƳֱײһӲǽһƿ
񷢳һƵĺȻȫҶľԿȴ˿ûôҶ㵭һ£ֱ˽ϣ̤͵һ̤䣬ʱһֻ㣬̤ڽš
˵һ죬ʱһŴ׹ȥҶһɶ£ۿҪϴ֮ʱ͵һ֣Ӱʱſ˫ֱۣӽסƽȷڵϺһϣһӿУҪǵ
ãȴҵ֣ңǵ
ǺãҶ˵ҵҶ㣡
ãҼˣЦ֪ȻҵҵڣȻҪһѹȡΪ㽫ʥĻ֮Ǿɣһ׼úĹ٣
ãҶЦ͵һ޴ֱƿǲڽϵطֱڣǵȫ߽⡢ֻ𡣲֮󣬽ֹͣ˶·𻯳ʯһһ
һ֣Ҷ㽫һǿķҲħ֮С
ǿǿηֱӱҶѹȡٺײͷļһӦǹʱ춯֮ȫһȡַѣȴһɶôǿֻºɨǶûпܡ
ȴûҰġҶӦٺ׵΢΢һЦӦ˻ϣЩȴѹǡ
Ǿ߰ɣЩؽǸϿǣһڻɱ¾̫ƽˣ


481 ʥ
һʥĺ֮Уһ޳ӸֶһƬ룬۾˼
һɫۣĿӢޱȣƤͬһ㣬һһͷȴһɢâ΢΢һ֮䣬â档
һǷˡ
ʱͻȻ۾ǰͬһУһĨɱ⡣
Ҷ㣬ˡƬײ죬
ɲǼ䣬һֻӰֱ֣֮ץһʥһƬ˺һӡţʮɸߵľӰһУգһǾӰǰУӢǰ֮ͣ
Ҷ㡣
ǰǳӣҶṰ˹֣ǣ˵ҵӦóһǰ
Ǳ˸ʱѡҡҡͷˣͬ࣬Ҳͬƺơߣұ仯˵ʱҲΣΪ޷뿪ΪԼ磬ȴ޷֪ԼΣֻܵȴԵ֮˵֤Ҷ㣬ˡ
֮Ҷ˵ͷ
ɱ㣬˵ҵݺǣȫ޵֡˵ʱҶķɽ䵱ƾɡʱ֮䣬һȡ᣻鶼ҵĽ£ε䣬εȿ֣
޲ɼҶҡͷһ̾
ΪǣΪޣЦ
ͻȻ֮䣬ȴǺ׵ض̧֮䣬Χʥ֮һ¾ͬһ㣬͵Ҷ˹ȥǾ޴δƳ֮£ҶξȻ΢΢ҡ˼¡
ʥʹ֮ܻɱʥ֮Ҷ㻺ͷϧһ֮䣬Ѿʧ⼸Ȼƭȡǿ߽룬ȡǵǿָȴҲޣһܻڴˣʹΪɱλʥ˵ǿʥ
ɱλʥʲôҡͷʥʥ˵Ȼɱ˵ġʥҪɱģȻҲʥˡÿʥ϶ʥ˵ԩ꣬㲻ף
ԭˣȴҶĳǳˡҶһЦּ䣬Ӱֱֱ̧ۣһһʥʱס󳱼֮䣬ɢķӰٶֱ͵һײǺ㳹ױ飬ӰȴһֱۣԶǴȥ
йâһһʥɾһӭһ֮ʣɢҲ鿪
Աʵ֮κôǵ˵ͷſһֻơһĹâҫԾѸٵػһööǡЩ趯ţ·֮еĸǳһ֮ΣͻȻһҶ˹
ԻΪǣ棬һдʱΧʥҲҡ·ЩʥҲһ㡣ЩһȴɢһԽˣȴԽ˵ǿ
ΪѾеȣڲڻе֮ǰһ˿һ˷ڷ;Сһֻڵֻ֮Ϊɱжţ
һвпͷҶ㻺ͷɫء
˵òʥʥ˵ҪɱģȻͬʥһǿĴڡʥ֮ʥ˶ԻɱԼһʥڻ¡ʥǣǰһ棬ҶҲǡ
ڣȻѾû˹ȥ֮ٶõļ仹ڣлɱʥ˵ĵãҲС
ǻҶֱ̧һӴ󳱡󳱼֮䣬͵һ·ɾӭޱǻ֮һʱ㱻Ǳ֮Уˮһÿһöǣʹǽȫɢ
һʱ䣬ˮ𡢺һƬռмҽսݻˮķ
ˮ֮УҶȴһһ˪ӿ˳ǾӰϣӰʱͬһ˪һ㣬ɭɭһǶȥһƻȴ˪ն裬һһ֮ȥ
һбƣȴţ·֪ʽջΪҶһԣ赭дص˵ͷǱ󣬻ִһ𳱡ӿ֮䣬һſԲǳиֳȴ·ǵصҽ۳ɵĴ򣬴ޱȣӭ˱
ҽǰȻûжٵֿ֮˲ͱ߽˴룬ʣµıҲ֮ϱľѹ顣
Ҷɫޱȣ̧֮һȵĻ֮ӿ˳Լ˫ּţһ˾ӰϣеӰ֮ϡӰ趯˫ƣһƼһľ޴һзݺһ
֮УһѷɢûһֻܹӰǰ˵Ҷˡ
ǲǲϵͷѾʥˣǿƾԼ֮ǿжʥٻ֮˼ǿʥߡﵽʥ򣬱ضҲǺ绽꣬Ϊһֻϧȴڴˡ
ٴӿһΣЩȴŴ󳱹ڴл֮ƶ£һööȻ󻯳һ֮굱Ҷй
һʵˣ缸ǧֻ޴ͶʯһͶ޵õʹãֻһܽһСֱӻ
Ӱ̧ͷ죬еĻ֮ͻȻһȴǱԾֱɢһ˿ڿͬһߡǾӰҶĶ˫ƴһ˿Ѹٵر֯һ˸˾޴ıǹ
ǹһɣʱɢ⣬Ӱ͵ؽһ˸˱ǹһһץУٲȥ
ÿһ˱ǹ׼ȷһö򣬽֮õձѣޱ߻꽵Ӱϱ֯ǹٽ֮֮ȴһƬµʯ湥ȫ顣
ΪһУֻ˶ѣȴЦˡ㻹һء
˵֮䣬ЩйµĻƬȴͻȻͨһһ壬˲γһŴȻֱ͸˾ӰӴһ䵽ҶϡǴһҶ壬ʱսɢ޴Ҷ㸿ס
һʱ䣬һڶȴҶĻϢջγɡ
㽻֣һҲⲻãҶӦһһȵʹ֮ȴѾͻϢֱ˼Ƥ塣ϵ·ֱӱճһƿۿҪ²塣
Ȼ䣬˫һħǹâԭҰ֮һֱӴ߶ħ֮ת˲ԭҰȴںϣɢ⣬һƮݵħ
ǳ֮ϣħݣһħ֮Ӱħ֮⣬ڱԼҫ
޴ħȻħ֮绯ɵͬһǻи飬Ҷ͵һ·ֱķƮɢڿС
һħģⳤ֮Լ֣ٻȴԼγһħĴҶ㻤Ϣ֮⣬γһ󷨷
Ҷ㣬۽սսΣҶԶס֡ǿҶ㣬ͷʹȫʢ֮ʱʩƣҲ޷ɱĳ̶ȡ
֪ͺáҶһЦ㻹ǹԹԹҰɡҽһвѵĵ֮󣬱һʥػС
ľûáһЦҡҡͷȴǿҶ㲻ľ
ȥλܴڣǴڣҲµʥλعͷʰȥ


482 Σ
ʧˡҶһЦȻľûãôƾƻɡ
˵֮䣬ӰһȭֱǶȥ
һȭУķʱΪ֮һǵָоԼʥĺ֮أһȭоȻ΢΢ۡ
һȭȴǴޱħҶһħȭƶ趯һħݺ
ħ֮𣿡ǵ˵ͷȷʵޱȡû뵽㾹ȻԽħӵزȻ
һʥӿ˲ȴһ޴ʥɢһʥ˲Ҳ˼ʮɸߵģֱӻȭʥҶӰȭӭ˹ȥ
ħʥȴûб춯صȻкͣ˵ȭγһתϢУйаʥ֮ҲаħȴɣǱ˴ѭݡ
ףǲһȻû뵽־档
ҶȴħĵȻҲ΢һȣ漴˶ײ֮£һʱħ֮ķʥħںһγһԶѭšŴʱˣ˭ȡõ˭ˣ
˲䣬ȫ֮߶Ӱȭƣֱץʥħ
ܴʥΪ֮ˣҲһѰ֮ۼҶȥץʥħһ˼Ҳ򣬼æҲʥ۵ľˣҲץȥһʱ䣬ҶǸʹ޴ʥħȴ൱¡
ڶ˽֮ʱΧʥȴͻȻֱ˺ţ桢¦ǡ⡢ʥŮʺΨ֣Բͬλѿֱӳ˽ΧڵС
Ҷ㣬ûϵɣ¦ǵһЦϣͬȴȡʥʱΪʥУȴûжʥΪʲôڵһ̣
ϧϧҡͷ̾Ϣ㱾ǿǰ˫ǿߣ뼴ʹʥ֮УǿĴڿҲ࣬ȴҪڴˣǿϧ
̫޴ΨһԼʥõˣҪԼѰȫаӣԼԼȴǾȡ
ʥʥŮȴƮȻһݡӾûеʥ֮⣬ΪԱȴҲֻǿֻɱҶ㣬ʥ£
Ҫˡ˵ǿ߽֮ʣ˭ҲֲǱǺľٳ־ˡ
Ǵĺ⣡ĿЩˣ͸˷ŭĻ֮⡣
ʥħǿ󣬲Ҷõˣ׵һ𡣴ʱ˵Ѿһ𣬻ǣƣȴ־ͷô򵥣Ƕߵںһȫȫһ֮ˣԼԼֻһ׻ƣ׿ٷֿ˺
˵ȻǺ⡣Ʋ߿ǾǷѼƲߡȻеһҲԼȫһԼһȴָܻɣ׽ҵȻɱΣһԸȫԷԼͳ
Ȼ˭᲻ãҲȻͶҪ¦ǴЦְԢһ㣬µͷ֮ʣҪȴҲ޷õ
죬˭ҲԸԼʱȴõ޴ôȴͬھˡ⻺ҡͷ΢΢̾ϢĿ͸ȴϲ֮⡣
ȱ⡣ҶͻȻЦһˣʥֹ˭أ棬ýʥǷȣֱϱ֮ͻѾʥ֮ŵõʥ֮¾ʱ᣿
ɫһ䡣
Ҷ㣬ҪˡҡͷҲûãѶѾȫõ¡
ãҶ㲻Цδܣǰ;κһ֧Ĳͬѡ񣬶ݻȫͬδô˵Լ㶨δˣ¦ǣ㵱ձ㲻ɱȴһܣ棬Ҳ䵽ز
Ҷ㣬ȻӲΨһηʥȴ޹ءȻ˵Ѿʥ֮ţֻһܳʥôǳȫΣ¦˵֮ǰǵۼȴλſõʥ֮ӵ˫ŻˡȻʥ߿Խ䣬ǱַȻǣǽһлʥ򣬶Ҳûɱޱȡλ˵أ
ΨݹȻɫⷬһڣɫͣһҲôе
ƴɱ˶Ը֮£Ĳ룬ʥȴ⻥ΪУ˭Ҳܱ֤󱳽Է󣬶ԷȫάǱͱһ
˰ţȻһʱ޷õ޴ôպȴзĻᡣ
δʥ򣬵ʥȻиɣôҲ緲һ㣬иҶᡣ浽ʥ֮ƹ£Ҳɲ˴££⼸ˣǳΪʥˣԼ
ţҲ˲ܡ
˵ͷǼŽһģ㵽ʥҲһܷ츲ص
Ķǵ̰žһһȺˣȴ˵ʲôŽһġǺЦҶ㲻ɴЦ
㣡ʥŮһۡ
ù¦ЦţҿԼľ֮ʱǰɣ
󣿡ҶΪ𣿡
˵֮䣬ͻȻӿһǿȴİʥ֮ħϵħ֮ԭҰ֮ħľ޴
ǰٺסޱ顢ۣҲħҶָӣԼޱ˳
֮УаٺҶļʥź֮һʱ䣬ϴʥħ֮УʹսԸ׳󣬴ﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ãΨɫһ䣬ѵҪɱǰըǶɱɣ
¡ҡҡͷǿեԼҲ֮ܽΪһ߻ʥڿƴ֡ͷҪƴͬھȴǴ̣
԰ʱ¦ȴüֹħҴһֺ󣬵õĶϤ֮ȫҲʱ㲻ͬھǡã
ͻȻ䣬¦ǾһҪԼȫʥ
ʱһȴҶﴫУǣһȺ޳С֣֮ʵĳ衣Ը㣬ҲԸܴ˴裡㽫һжհɣ֮Ҫɱңı㣡
˲䣬Ҷƴ͵һ½ȥ
ƶȴǷභķǡ͡Լȫֱ͸ԷζԷɣ
ãһϲɫҶ㣬Ȼһ˲ȻҪڴˣӴʧ³֮вΪ֪ȴԶס㣬ס֮׳٣
ɲǼ䣬ǽټȫգڵһ·з֮⣬ΧҲӿ
ˣǷˣʧɫȻԼȫǣǰҶˣҲŹǵģ
¦ǣ棬ʲôϤΨˣܻش
ȴֻǶסҶ㡣˹ͷȴܿȻ˲
ʱҶȴͻȻ¶˹Цݣһ˺һʥȥ


483 ʥ
ã¦ȷҶĲͷʱʲôԼǸԼȡʱߣ
ѾľӲԶģΨһ
ħﻹʥĸ֮ʥŮʣϣõģȥ׷ɣͻȻ˵
뵽ҶǸʥʥŮﲻ͸̰֮ɫһͷã㽫׽û
˵һʱǵѿڣǰֱ׷ȥ
һߣʱ͸һ̰֮⣬ͻȻһǶȥ
ѹǵĴûᣡλһ֣ͭٴ۽ѹȡ¦Ҳ˵㣬һ·ȥֱӿҪסǳס޴һʱ޷жǡ
Ҷ֮ʥź֮ټħ֮ǶôǿһͻȻõ˾޴ĺôȴһ֮һ̵һʳһ㣬ȴ꣬Ҳֵ÷ʱȫɾȷʵϾԼˡ
֣ΨҲһǶȥ
˲䣬Ĵһ֣ǣ뽫סôȡ
ΪһΪʳЩжʱһֱֳȫʥħ޷ж̬ȴͻȻһЦ
ã治ɾһȳˡ
һҲӲˡâΧʥʱһ޴Բ򣬽˶С
ǶҪΪҵɣЦ
ʱʥŮȴѾɳԶӦҶϢٵ׷š֮䣬һռƿȴͻȻ֣ҶϢԾ˳һ±ӳħʥŮʲס
ãʥŮʴһûüѾһסϵԴԴϵسȡһʱȫû˷֮
¦ΪһоԼ֮УˣͲµǽʥ֮󣬲ֱӶԸʥһʥƴּȴʲô֮ԲµҶԾħȡʥŮʵǼѾþħУħ˵⻪
ʲôƣֻԣΪʥߵ˵Σͷұ뵽һ⡪ҽʥħǣ޴һʱˣ˲׷ɱҡЩ˶ǣ֮죬ȴҲ᲻÷ûᡣ㣬ɵʥ壬һ飬Ȼᵣȡ֮ʱ鲻Խ˱ػ׷ɱҡ˾ħ֮רԸ㣡
ʥŮʼѵ˵ţϢȴԽԽתͷҶ㣬ʵ˵Ϊѡ
ʱ䲻ܵˣ֮縲ˮգһȴѾˡ
ħٵؽʥŮʵɣҲ黯˴֮ȫħ֮Уʹݽߵħָֻ
ħ֮Уһ˶ڵϣڴϢšǷѾþȫʵڰȫȴɾһɣȴ֧š
Ҷħ֮Уɫ԰סԼһ֣ħȷֳһڣǲжעһڣվȡ
ô죿ٺ׿Ҷ⸱ӣǵʵ
¡ҶһЦѾ˶ԲߡҲɵӣȻʱȫӦװɣǼ˳֣ٳûǻɱΪɵ
һǾ͸ˡޱ˵磬ȴѾȫôԸøǿ
ͿֱӽǷʥô¼ʥˡҶһЦҵģɣҲǼǿʹͷŸǿɱжѡ£Ѿ˱ʤĶԲߡ
ʤĶԲߣһڻ鶼һ
Ҫٴƿʥ֮ţҶĻһڻ鶼һ
ƿʥ֮ţٺĿɿڴʥ֮ҷŲɣ˵ƾƣ㣬Էٰһŭʥǿߣֱٷųһʥɱ㡭
ᡣҶҡҡͷϴνӴʥ֮ѾӦʥ֮ڱңҲжϷȴƽ¡
ʥޱȻλۼǰŮʥˣɷħʹλͿǿߣ
˵ȴæסԼ죬˵ȥ
ҶȴЦˡʥɲСӹҼңôô˺ȴܰΣӦʥ֮ҿԸӦõ
ô˵ʥ˵ȴ֮ٺһ
ҶҡͷڳʥʱӦ仯ȴҲӳǧѡʥһҲʲôɡ֮ҪһԣҲȫϣˡ
˵ţʱħԶԶ뿪˴˵أĩ磬Уһ֪ʥ֮
ħʱ֮ϣ֮ȫſһֳ״̬֮УصڲЩߣϵغűӡЩʥڣϵĳ֮£һӿһѣҲ˷ӡڻԾ
ʱһϤǰ֣Ӧ֮Уȴһʥ֮ţ
һΣ鷳ˣʥҶ㵭һЦֹȥֱӽƿ
˲䣬һʥڶһҶڣɲǼͽʧȫָ
͵Ծ֮ⲿɢͨħʱħ磬ħȫָתħÿһλڣǵҲ˲ָȫʢʱ״̬
Ҷ㣬̫ˡͻȻ䣬һҶ֮УγɵҶ㼫ϤȴʥŮ
ʥʵвѵĿԡҶϿҵصͷʥǸΣ̫ƤʥΪҷѾѪ
ѾѪҲδءʥ֮Уȴ𵭵Ц⡣⺢̫Ƥȴġʥ֮лһЩλôֻҲ㡣һжҵĴҺõۼҵȻе𡭡
ʥҲǳں⡣Ҷ˵
˵ˡʥӦţҶ㣬Σһƿʥ֮ţȴʥٻʥ֮С򣬾Ҳ㡣𣿡
ˡҶ㹧Ӧ
ɲǼ䣬ʥ֮ͻȻҶǰرգһʥʱɢ١۾ˣ΢΢һЦãһֳɹˡ
λʥ㡣ٺײЦˡ
ѾˡҶ㲻˼һЦ˵һƿʥ֮ţͱٻУҲҡ
ɵСˡٺ׼æ˵治ǺģʥٻⲻӲʥּһСλʥʥ֮еλͰһʥĹǴ£
ȶȹǰһ˵ɡҶһͷĿȴͶԶ
˶Ǽ򵥵ĽɫǣҲδؾ״̬֮½ǻɱֲȥԻһһ߼װǴƽֶǲԸ뿪Լﵽһƽ㣬ԷӾ֮ʱٽǻɱ˵λǿлӳǵһѣ뿪˵أǱ㲻Ҫգǿʿֻ¶ҪΪūۣʼһκڰޱȵʷҲ·


484 Χ
ʥĺ֮УӰشţϷɱУǵк
ȴƺΪάοռĽ֮ȫ֣ټһʥħȴи˿ϣԸţƽ֡
лᣡ¦ǽһˣ̫̰ˣֻʥħԼòôһٽɣͬʱά֮ʣµֻ࣬ҪͬЭܽסʱʥħҲ֮
Ҳɢʾͬ⡣λ֮սһ֮սҵͬЭλģҲʥ֮һµǿ֮Уһ뾡취λһͬʥ򣬵ʱûӦɾʹҵ
֧Ų˶ˡΨݷЦ̧֮䣬һ͵Ĺâҫؼ˹ȴ˲䣬һȭȴޱߵġʥȭ
Ⲣ˵ֻо˸ӿͼֱӻʥ֮ϹâӿһͼУͼǰһֲǲȥ
¦ǷӴ֮˲ɹ֮ͬʱһУһӰʱ𣬵ջһõĴãЩ֮Χţ͵ײȥ
ɱһϸһʥջֻޱ֮Ӱǹȥ
ĵµĹüͷ壬ǳһ߶һԿ
ʥȭĹâ˲ϮǴһȫһľȭǾȭ֮纣ΧĿռͬ¯һ㣬һȭʱԷȭƴķѡ
ʱͼȴЩһòǿ㿪һץ䣬һľצն£ֱӽǺҵ֧飬ɢΡ
һˣʹ֮ȴǴϢȻȣЩ֧Ųס
ʱǴõĻӰѾͷ£̧ͷӣɺۣ͵طһ˫۸߸߾һзתۻһǵĳӣһԽռ룬ֱӺǴõӰ֮ϣʱӰı֮ӰЩҲǻǧٿף
ʱƤȴѾԳһɫ
ɣȭӰʱҧţ̧Ի֮۳һľȭȻһȭӰ
ȴϢøԶԶضһߣˡ
첻ˣΨзŹ⡣ȷʵǿΪ̫̰ļȴ̫࣬ʤ㣡
ǣɡ濴ǣ΢΢һЦһԶԸˡƾҪĸ£ֻǡұǰɵλѣһס㡣ʱǱɣ
˭˵ұɣһͻȻһΧ˵ʥʱһڡ
ǱԼֻջأȴǽգȻ˲ϢɡһջأƤʱָҲ˹ʡ
ǳǿˡ˵λһɱУûˣ
ã˴һʱԷǹȥ
ʱǽʥɵֵɱ֮жԵرóٻȴġ֮֮£ǴչȴƵɱУֺ˶ƽ֡
ȴǵЦΧס֣һʹƣ벻޷룬Ҳ޷Ϣ
Ĵսһֱȥ֪ȴСʱλǿֻټһܽǻѹȴʼջôһ㲻ܳɹԽ
һôôʹ򣿡¦Ƿô֮һ£һʲôʱܱĥ⣿
ã¦ǵͷӦƬ֮ɫһãõȻ޷ǵ״̬⣬ͷ
ɫҲѿΨһһܵõߣȴκ˶ڽշôãȴһչûУƣо¡
ѵǹװӶʹĻϣζȴߣ
ãȻ䣬һλˣǣ
ڲŷ֣ȴѾˣǿˣһЦЦ࣬˺˶ȴ仯ޱȿֲĵ֮
ǣȴ޷ǽסʱӵӰ٣ҪȴҪϺһ˵µľֱ磬Ҳ뿪˵أȴ޷õǵҾʩСƣ޴Ǳ˼ơҵѾ㹻ɱǵʱˣ
ͻȻ䣬л֮һ̧֮䣬ϰٿž޴һֱ¦˹ȥ¦⧲֮ȴ޷鼱һȴֱӱԭӣһɢʮ֮ɻֵ֮ǻײ
ǻޱȣһײŴãȴҡβֹ¦һʱɫ԰ףУλѿæ˺һϣһȱɱʣµ˾;Ķˣ
Ȼ֪˵ⷬΪԾȣȴҲòʵʱһǰҪֹ
вңڱˣǵЦţͻȻָһһʱֱΨݶȥǻƺۣ˲䵱շѿһըȴǳһ½ΨݰΧ
ãΨݸӦǻľ޴ɫ䣬â֮䣬ٻԼһֵͬ
̧УʱʹλæӦԼҲߣ֮ǿɼһߡ
龰Ķ³ȥһҧͻȻʹ˿ռ֮ȴҪƿռʹݷߡ
⣡⣬ȥ
ͷǸԾȰɣⲢһɫʱһӻüֻҪӳʥ򣬾ǵ¡ҶѾˣֳʥֻҪǲ˴֮ϱݺᣬ޵ߣ
ӣʱȴ΢΢һЦһ˹бʱȼޱߴһ½ΧĿռȫ޿ռʱջȴ޴ʹݷ
ǻ˲仯ǧ𽫣ֱӽΧɱü֮䣬ȴֻٻͼл֮֮ɱӴǿȴı·硣
𵴣ȴʧƽ֮ģۼæŶԸ⣬Լʱ˺һ޿ռ䣬Ҫߡ
ͭٴۻûеõʥƿʥ֮ţΪҪҴ뿪
ʱҶȴ˲һռŻ߳һ֣һӰ֮ȭ˺޿ռ顣
Ҷ㣿ûĿҶ㣬һ
ȴЦҾ϶ùȫңȴǲ֪ʹʲôֶָֻ֮սʰЩСӬٿɣ
ȴҵġҶָ˴á
ڵ¦ǣʱоȫ
ðǵͷһָ档ȴҵġ
ɲǼ䣬Щõһʱȥ˲佫ΧС


485 ¦
ۼҶҲǰȻµع˶ľ
ʥ֮䣬ûд֮Ҫɱ޷ҪǵֻҪƴӳʥôɰȻ
Ҷ㲻ͬأǷҪȫɱɵģӵҶ㶼ӰΣֱɱΪֹ
¦ǸĿ־壬Ҷ˵ȴҵġ⻰ʱɴ˸սһһʱҲͽΪףֱƿնȥ
ȻҪһеߡ
ҪһҾӰɣ
Ҷ΢Цһ̧ץ˹ȥ˲䣬гּʮɸߵҶ֣һѱ㽫¦ץУ֮ѹе¦ǣ֮׷һ죬·ʱܱһ㡣
Ҷ㣬ɱһúܣ¦ǳǿشţ͵һۣ˲ָԭӣȴӰ֮һ³ſָֻɡ
úܣҶЦһ¦ǣеκһƾһ֮˻ɱרŶԸһˣ㻹˵úܡȷʵ֪Լ·ԶԲſ˵ֿЦĻȴڸԼ׳ɣ
¦ȴ͵һ֮䣬һõӰ֮ΧӰһҶײ
ƣҶһӰһȭݺݻУֱӴеĹ֮ٽӰɢţ¦ԶӰһǰ˫һ»ڴ֮ϣʱһ˴֮Уֱ¦ǵ
޴ʹΧ¦ǲɷһҽУſһѪꡣ
¦ǣҶһΪڤΪһ֮˽ҷڤʹ°ύԪӦӣкұ߹񣬸ԱֶκҸףһжҵ˵֮ʱұΪΪ𣡡
㲻ܣ˭Ҳܣ¦ǿţ˫۳Ѫ·ҰޡǷڤһˣǵۼδߣǻôϿɵǿߡۼǵһɱң
¦ǣѾ̫ʮ׷ˡҶ㻺ҡͷʱٶõȴδЩЦɣңӦȴ֣һʹ÷һȴǰǿ֮˿һƷȴ̬֮һڼԶҴħ磬ɨǿһ֮Ͻ֮ǿճµһ㣬ΪȴڴԸǿУҲ޷Խ͸ķȴ裡
˵¦ǿţȴòҶ˵֮УԼһ˿
˵ҶһЦǷ˵Լ
ΣͻȻ䣬¦ȴһҧãȻôңٽһΰɣӢ֮𣡡
ɲǼ䣬ԼȼգҲʱɢһͻȻ̬ȴ֮ҶӰƿ¦һҶȥһƳһſ˶һϢɢķ
ͽ͵塣ҶҡҡͷһӰ˫һգ֮ץס͵ػӶȴΪޣһ˲䣬ͽǿƬɽҡβſǻϢ
ȻЩϢȴҶ֮ķ籩Уɢ١
ɢ¦Ǵһ֮ʱɢȥӰľѾ£ƣѹһƬ֮УֱӰУ¦ն
ɢ¦ǲòԼĿٴɢ
Ӱʧ⡰Сȴʱ¦¦صֵţÿһƣþͶһΣһѪʮƺȴ֧ŲסһԹ֮ˤ
ʱñһ»ָԭΰٲ
¦ǣڿԱôˣҶ㲻һ󼤶һ˾Ӱ˴֮С
Ѿûػ֮ʹУʧȥ¦ǿƣҲ޷赲Ҷ㡣ҶŶ룬֮ڡ
ʱ¦Եһ˫Ѫ۾Ҷ㣬ʵطһҶ㣡ڣܳΪڤ֮ܶʥźݺǣֱʥҺúޣҺúޣ
вԱСҶ㻺˵¦ǣΪԩڵ㣬㻹ʲô˵ģ
Ц¦ЦҶ㣬㲻ҲһΪԼ桢ΪܷʥʹֶΣȴҵĲǣʸ𣿡
ҵĿͬߵ·ȴͬҶҡͷҵ·ǿ֮·ԼĲŬþ޴ջ䣬֮²Ϊʲ֮²ΪأΪĿģֶΣȴǺ屻㺦ķڤж𣿱Ѫծоûһ𣿡
ʲôѪծ¦ߣһȺϵҶ㣬ֻϣ֮ʱһ̤һϳд𣿡
ΪһߣаħҶҡҡͷ¦ǣȻΪôұ۰ɡߣһ㣬ɱҲӦôʱҵԶǿ㣬бҲϣ㱻ɱҲӦ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷִħһ½¦ǲħ׺ֱӿ¦ǵƤ⣬ħȫҷʹ¦ǲסڵطҽ֮
Ҷ㣬һҲҪ
ʱһһС
Ҷ㣬ͬǵۼ˵ķϣҸʹɣ
һһС
Ҷ㣬ǰֶҵĴҲú㸸ףԸҶڣֻŹҰɣ԰ҵұһͨˣֻһ
ȴ
ֻһΣʧȥ˱Զʧȥˣǿޱȣֱͷĵ֮ʱ¶ǵʵԡʱ¦ǣӦգĵȴޱߵĿֲȻһеҶ
ڰɡҶ˵ҵĸڣбӺڣİڣ
ǡǣ¦ǼæͷڣڣҶԲҶ󽫾ԲҳԲ°գΪ͢ҹʹڤڿ˰Ƶøھ췴ʹճ˵ˣҸΪԼ棬ԪӦʹԪӦϽҹ߹أձɱ°һжҵҵĴҶ°ԭҰɣ
Ҳ°ջԭɡҶ㿴ҡͷҲ֪ΪұϾ°աΣҲԭ㣡
Ҷ㣬㲻ɱңѾ˵ڹˣôҪɱң¦Ǿ
ڱԵֻ¼˶·¶ˣҶ˵
ӿħ͵һħһը¦ǵ˲㱻ըɳ
ħһҶȴδ¦ǵ֮ȡۻӢ鵤۳ֱһŹ
ʱʧȥ¦ƵĴãȴָֻ˵ӣǹ֮ȻѾûλȴӿһӢ顣¦ҿȵӢ飬һ֣ץ¦ǵһӢ飬Ȼ֮˺ѡɣ
¦ǣȶѾǣʧܣҶ㻺ҡͷ
˲䣬˴ãһץ֮һξֱӽУٵħ֮ڡ
ףĴڵñˣ


486 ɱ
뵱꣬Լһֻ֪ضԼ˵Ǹ߸ϵĿռ䣬ºʵأֻ֮еķ
ԼȴѾܻƲ죬أⴴ磬˷һĴڡ
˼侭ۣ˸п
һипһսǴʱѾʥħȫɽڣֻȫһ֮⡢Ψݺס޷ѣֻƴֿ֮
Ҷ㣬ȤұٷһǿиΣǼҶɱ¦ǣȥ˴ãЦʵ
ðҶһͷҵۼˣ㽫Σ
Ǻʡһͷ֮ӿƵҶ㷽ȥһרӦΨݶˡ
ۣұǺܾġҶҡͷ㼸һıңȴ㲻á
Ҷ㣬ҧҧûСǲѣ֪˴ΪҲǵõڻɱҵ֮һҪԸľ㣡Ҳ֪Ժηָָȫʢ֮ʱҲѹһͷΪ㷽Žôȫʱʵ׳
֮أҶʡ
ʱȴӦ֡˵Ψˣֲ㷽ŵʧƽ˫Ĳ࣬еʤϣ
ǶҲ⣬ѵǱУҶһЦǺȴ뻢ıƤǶҵУȴΪһʱ棬ȴνߡۣǸˡֵķϣһʹһЩʹࡣ
̫ˣۼ˵Ҷ㲻ɣⲻ߳ŭҶ㣬Ϊɱң¦ǵв㣬Ϊûʥź壬ȴͬ
УʥʱߣɢĪһʥ⽫Χϣͼ죬˲ݻһʥҶֱ˶
ҶһЦͷͱ˰ɡ
ۼӶͼԼҶȴֻǸֱֶͼĻ֮˽ǰͻȻһȴԼֱ֣ǲʥźһ˳
һʥ۳ɡ˫ȣʥźһ˲仯һʥʥ͵ųâһֱӻȭʱͼĻ֮÷顣
һȭ֮ǰһֽƣʹ˲ָԭΡâУʥһǰֽͼץС
ûʱһâȴҲʥ֮⡣ҵһݻһܹ֮ʥֱײȥ
ʥٴη֮һȭȥֱӽ֮飬ȴץ˹ȥ
ãܵԷǿⲻɫһ䣬˲࣬һһԶȥ
һ㿪ʱʧȥƣʥֱڳϣԾǳֱײҶ㣬ȴ˲䱻Ҷħֱȡѹ֮£ҵ𶯣ǰһϢĨȥһ֮
ͼҲҶٵĨȥϢҲһǿֱӰħ֮С
ˣôȥⲻɱסҲΪ֮𺳣֪ʱҶԼ޷Уʱʹʥ֮ΧԼҪƿռߡ
ӵõ𣿡Ҷʥźʱͷ­ɢһ޴ٻ֮ʥʱȻһʥźɶһͶ뵽ź֮УҶʥɵɡ
ˣһʥźֻȶѡ
һݣٺħкԥؽԼʥͶ˳ֱʥź֮Сһʥźֻȱһȣʱɢޱ߾ֲޱȣ⵨ʱȥʥźһ֣ʱסֱ͵Ҷǰ
Ҷ㣬Ҷ΢Ȼ㣬ĺѣôɱ֮⾪ֵشš
ֻ㱣ֻ֤ҪΪѣһԷ޺úõػȥҶ㻺˵
Ҳһʱ̣Ҳ˴۵ϣֵش
ȴɲˡҶҡͷ˺ɱ֮ʱӦ뵽ֽ
˵֮Ŀһɱʥźʱһʥ˲ڣ˲佫ϢȫĨɱ۾һ±ʧȥ˹ʣһҲûз⡣
ȴȫûаʹ࣬Ҳûа˺ۡ
һҶ㽫ʬħ֮Уһʥ⡢ħ⽫֮ʹ伴ʹ֮ãҲʱһ㣬ḯóɳ
һὫʬ彻֣úðᡣҶĬĬ˵ţҲǶֵһλرɡ
Ҷ㣬ÿٶȰʱЦҲҪӿٶȲǣȻȴȥ˲İ
˵ţͻȻִ̧һƬ𺣣һ±㽫ΨУΨȫʱȼͬһλһȼһУңϷֿȴȫ޷Ϩǻ档
ͭٴ۾ң֣һ˺ѷεĺ֮
Աг⣬ܾȵ㣿ǴЦ
Ҷȴ׼ᣬͻȻָʥźͷ­ɢ޴ٻ֮һ±㽫ߵʥҲź֮С
ɲǼ䣬ָʥźɢǿԶԶһʮ۷ǿߣȻǻҶȻ̫࣬۷κһǣȴκǿǿù
ƾ֮ȴȫ׻ɱһλʮ۷ǿߣ
Ҷıһҡͷһ̾ȡЦҶ㡣
ǣһݴܸЩرɣҶһЦνҲ㲻֪ұԼȡһЩôܲΪɡ
⵹ҲȷʵһͷͻȻַųһֱӲΨݵϣ˲λǿĴ۱ʱճ˻ҽ멣һֱӺɣҶ㡣
ҶҲֱץȡħ֮СӦΨݵ֮Ҳס֮ϣҲֱԾħƣһ߽һ߽ϵ۳ɵγöӢ鵤ħаźá
ô£ٺ׼һĻȴȻҶӦӦֻ̫ţԼȫԻɱ棬壬ӵ⽫һкôȸңȴţΪΪҵõЩҲĶ֣ʱһɱ֮һжġңȴ̵ڴʱȴڰæ
šٺЦˡ
ȻõôǿٻƴɱӮĵȻҶһЦǲսʤҵģбʤֶΣ
ڴʱǵ۾ͻȻһâţӿһɼΪƴǿͬǳһͬһ㡣
ȫǾǿ󣡡Ц֮͵һץǻһֻľƣһ½ץС
ſţעʥĴһССʥθң
֪ǵЦšʲôעʥעΪҵļ£ӵ˵֮ˡ
˵ţͻȻһԾ˲Ͷǻǵľ֮Уһ½ס
һʥӿһڣʱʥ֮⣬ۻǵˡ


487 Ӯ
һʥϢݺᣬӰȫںϳһʱһѹӰΪģѸٵɢ˲㴫ʥ֮СǾ޴ʹõụ̀ȫһʵڵ硣
ʱʥ뿪Իȥһеʥ壬ҲзϢһؽֻٵʥ壬ȴôǿʥ𽥼٣ֱĳһȫϾ
ʱҪõֻ緲һͨá
ɵĹâ£ǹâֳ֮ģһ佡׳ƤѩòӢޱȵҶĿϸ³ɵΣüۼȴ棬ǣȴһ޶
Ҷ㡣ʱ¡ˡˣȻǵȴĳ֮
˭Ҷ㻺ʵ
ΪأԷʡ
Ҷ㿴ŶԷĬãͻȻ̾˿
˼꣬ȴΪ¡
ԷЦˣЦһ־λߵĵݣһ˿ߵϡ棬Ѿһ֡ҵʥ֮壬ѾԲֻһƿʥ֮ţʥˡ
Ȼ棿ħ֮Уٺײɾ
صúޱҲղһֱֵһ㣬û뵽ȴǣ˼飡
ôףҶ㿴棬һЦ
ףҲЦˣҡҡͷҶ㣬֪ҷ˶Ѫð˶գܽɣˣҲʥ֮ŵֻһСͿԳʥĴڡҵβΨһױס䶷ȴǰ첻
ϷӣµǡҶ˵
ڿһңЦҪˡ
ô쵽أħа˼⣬̲סҶѯʡ
룬һֱαװȻеһ˺ʥ֮ϡҶӦðգڶġһٻʥ֮ţͻᱻɡǳɹˣǵʥټԼȫ汬ʥ֮ţ֮ʥ֮ŵľ޴ɵǱҲԱ֮ݼƭˣ⧲֮ڱɡ
Ǹݽɫɸ̾
滺ţΧһʥĺʱ·ǱˣͶ֮䣬Ϊ仯
Ҷ㣬֮Ҳһ˽ˡ˵ǵǰħĵǡֻɱ㣬ҲӶϵˣٴٻʥ֮ţһƿС
ֻȴԸҶҡҡͷ
ܷԸҪʵ˵Ǳƽ֣ټҵ֮ǰľ޴ȴγһѰ磬ҲҲһϾУҪɱ㣬ѡ
˵֮䣬ȴͻȻ֣һȭҶʱȭ˲仯һΧʹΧ·𻯳˻ǵ档һ棬ԸڶֱӽҶΧϾһк·
һӰʱҶϸ𣬸ߴＸʮɣȻǻ磬֮СӰһ֣ת趯ֱۣȴһ˵ȭȭ֮У¶һӰȴϢľ
ֽ֮֮ءˣѭ֮ҲѭԶûֹԶֳ¡
ޱȵ۳һȭƣ޷˼𺳵ľ޴֮Уһ»ȴʱһƬ𺣻˷ƽ˾ǻǵҲʱһֱϨͬǧһ硣
ǿ󡣡滺ͷȴһҲšҶһȭƣֻ΢΢ָ̧̧֣һʱǷʱһֻľצҶͷ­ץȥ
ɱǿ㣬ұһ죬ʥ
ˣצδǾ޴ѾҶȫ֮ʹħ֮绯ɵħҲԵֵҶ΢΢üӿ֮䣬ޱߵĺһӿƵӰ֮ϡ
Ӱӭȥ˲Ǿצײһһ춯֮УӰȻǻצҡһ£½ɣǻצȴδٴҶץ
Ӱƣʮǻצײÿһȴûˣ³ȻʹȻǶ֡
Ҷ㣬֮ǰܵȥˣЦôҲܵǿѹѹȵʹ𣿡
Ҷ㲢˵һȴǾӰ֮СӰն֮һ󳱣ʱݻһǳݺķһ֮Ʒ·նؼһС
ӰӶ⽣棬Ƚһʱǻľצһն˲͵һºݺĻֻһצʱޱߵĳֱӴ飡
һצȴδȫǰٴ˾Ӱ֮ϣӰһƴҡβֹѺŴӣתۼǰֱӱ
ôôǿħ֮У鲻ͬʱ¶˾ֵı顣
Ƕ֣ȫǶְҲҶ㣬㲻а취𣿿취ȻעҪУ
ʥ˵ܺɨһУʥǰҲϡ濴Ҷ㣬Ц̧֮䣬ɾӿֻһֻֻơƣеı˪еĺƣеĴн֮ɫеɢһµĶ
ЩƣȻͬǿʥһֻֻڿУһǿĴһ½ҶϿȫ֡
һֻֻƣʱȫ׼Ҷ㣬һߣͻȻһֻֻ¡
ҶһӿһӰӰһʱȭ꣬ӭգȭ֮䣬һħڶ𣬵һǿħĴЩȭ֮ϡ
Уһʱħħݺᣬħ֮ķ
ħʥһЦûõģħȴ̫ˣưһҲû˹⣻ˮܿ˻𣬻һԽˮͿ˭ǿһЩҶ㣬Զңɣ
УеľצĻӰȭȭƺݺݶײ
ײ֮УǾӰȭȫ飬һħģĹ㣬ҲûзӳѾ
һצӰն䣬Ӱץɳ͵Ҷ˹
磡ޱħ֮У̲סһ
֮䣬ȴܼ˵ʥ֮ţҿ
ʱҶȴǹâȴȻ֮һ֮ӿһ´֮ͨ
˲䣬һɢľ޴ŻôҶǰʥ֮ţɢƿ֮һʥʥ֮ţ
Ҷԥһƣűʱڴ򿪣һʥ⡢ʥʥȫӿҶΧ
һצȴֱӱʥ֮ɵ˿˵Ҷֺ
ʱҶ㣬ȫķӡһȫ⿪˲һǧ꣬ڵҲ·һ㣬ʱ
ʲô治ɾʧ


488 ʥѡ
ܸӦҶΪԼҲѾֻĵȼϣȴ̫Զ
֪ʱҶϵһб仯֪Ǳ仯ζʲôĽֱ仯õֱ仯һʱ֮䣬ȴֻһţִȴ֮򿪡
ʥȻһʥɫ仯ݺҧ
һлᣡţոճʥȣһԻɱǰλʥ˲Ǳʥɱʥǿʥǿʥɱʥ˵
ЦţЦдŷ֮⣬ˡ
һľӿǵءлǻɵкɵľ֯ɵĴޱˮγɵ
һһʥһȻڶ۳һʥľˡ˸ߴＸʮɣɢϵʥϢ̧һűҶݺ̤
һţһ̤صƣ
ʱҶ㣬ȴ˼ģһžȻ޷Ӧ
Ӧʥٻٻʮǿ󣬵ȴ֮ǰͬԼȫʱٻȴӰ쵽Լ״̬е
ͬʱҲӦı仯СԼĳһ仯Լͻȫͬı仯
һֱ仯㣬Խ۳һԼʲô絶ޣ仯ã˼ʿ޳ĸһ㡣
Լ壬ȴ˶
һֱ仯ȴǽе֮УˣԼٲ㣬־޽ǹԼ֮ɾӰԶԶعˡһе仯ʧԼ彫ǿޱȡ
ˣǿԻַҽ΢İ޳ǿޱȵȭս֮ϣֱһȭ㽫Ƿǿʥ˻ɱ
˵ı仯һǡһǡ䡱
ѵʥַ
˼š
ѡ񰡣ҡͷ̾ı仯һѡ޸ıĿܣȴԼȱݣҲԼơ
ʥ˵ȻǿȴȻ緲ʿʿȴѡ෴ǿʿÿ˶ӵħ֮һǿͷŸַķħ
ﵽʥ֮ȴֻѡһ֣ѵİţ
ʥˣʵȴǲ֮ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷƺľʱı仯˼ţ˼֮䣬ȴ˽⵽תĵҲãħҲãʥҲãҲգĪţԽվڶ˵ģԽ
ָУسһľ־ǸӦԼȵط֣ԼԺúɲ֪ʲôҲ֪ӺζȴԽԼȫڡ롰䡱֮䣡
۾һȻ֪ʲôԼĿġʱо񣬽ʹԼı仯Ĳ졪ǾǿʥϹԼÿһѪҺÿһƤ֮Уֲȫһγһġص档
Խе£ڣʹԼɡ䡱ʥߣȻ壬ǧǿȭ
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽз룬ݻʹԼɡʥߣųһķ
ɹˣ
ϲЦֳ״̬˹
ʱֻʥľ㣬ȴո̧̤
֮еһб仯롰䡱ѡԼʵ֮Уȴֻһѡ֮ʱǾŸո̤¡
ʥģʥ֮ΣԻʥˣҶЦˣǾ㣬ȴǲܡ
ۼǾ̤ȴһ㣬ֻǾؿš
ͻȻ䣬˶һ濴ظʱ˽
оԼôҶת壬ʱһµġǿȭ
ʱǾѾҶͷҶ㿴Ҳȭһȭһȭеֻȭ֮ϣһĲγǿյͼȭϣȭ洦ȴһȵĹâ𣬱һͻȻںǿ֮С
һʥ֮һȭȴУճȭ
һȭȭݺݴǾ֮ϣһ̫⻪ʱҫڣһȭ֮ʱһѺۣȻ顣һչ֮˳ʥ˵ȲӶϣƬ̼ʹȫ£ҡţǾ޴һ±ѣ׷ķ
ʲô澪ȶʱһ˿η塣ʱһ˿ѹ£Ŀҫ֪ʱĹؼʱ̣ҶѾʥԼƥУֻҪʱ䣬ȵʥٻ֮ҶߣԼӹһ١
ˣԼԿݺ޵УȵƼޣƿʥ֮ţҲһʥͲҶˡ
Ѿʥ֮ţۼһλʥ˳ľܵӰ졢ɵĸȫɼ־Ҫʥ˵Ѿʲô£ֻǷȱʱĥѡ
סҲҪҧסֻҪͦʱ̣Ӯң
⣬֪һζϳ֮ѡȴʱһȻʼȼԼӳǿٴι
ʥ⵱ն裬һԭı֮һǵ֮˲ݻһ֮бƸ˪һ֮һȴǻҫڣ۳һ֮顣
һҶײĿȴҶ㱾ҪǰײԱ׵ı֮γĪĻ֮ɸǿҶ㡣
תԼҶȴʹһԼ֮⣬ֹԼϡһڤڤеĸʹͻȻһַſڷһ
ӽʥ
һ֮Уһһݻǧ֮ЩջײĦȴγһʥׯϵӽ֮質֮ʥʫƪʥ֮һɢ˲ͽֱΧ
޿ײ룬ƺ͸̵ķڲο˲䣬ӽʥ֮㽫ȫ֣͸Уʱ߽⣬е΢СĿȻƮɢڿС
ô׾߽󣡣澪ޱȣͬʱҲʥ֮޿
ҪȥһҪȥֻҪȥһҲӵؼǿʲôʲôħǿ
ӣҪȥ
ҧ֪Լǹâɣʱ䣬ͿԼıˡٴβϧһеȼؽ˾޴ʥҶ㵱ͷѹ¡
ȴһ޴ḥ̂ƣֱǽػһĥҪҶĥɳ
Ҷͷϣ΢΢һЦǧ仯ֻһȭ֮
˲䣬ճȭ֣һȭ֮أǾ޴ĥ̡һȭ֮Уʥĺ綼·ܳһȭĹȣĿռ֮УͻȻһۡ
֮ǰѺۣ罫Ҫǰס淢һæһеƿռӳ硣
һͻᱻУҷ


489 ѩӰ
ҶȴܰӰ죬Ǿ޴δʩϣʱˡ
ſ֣ʥźҲſ֣ͷųһǿȻʥźȥһʥĹâҪȫĺ֮С
ʥźʱɢ޲һ¡ˣǿʥźͷųһ֮ʹκ˶׽֮С
ҶǷųһʥͬʧһ㡣
ʥ˵ķӡʥ˶Ƴ˭Ҳ޷⿪
΢΢һѾں֮⣬Ǳӵߡ
һʱһеĳ֣ȭͷֱݻһǣɢĪ֮һ
һУȴ֫ʹһóԶʧȥһֻ֣
ȣһҪأ
ȭͷ壬ʱıԲεǣŹҫۻҶȥʱҶоԼԵĲһֻȭͷһֻʥһСŵǡ
ԲΪһ̧ճȭͬµĹƣֱȭͷײһʱţɨķ
ȭͷֽ֮Уֱ
ɱۼҶԼ۷һֻȭͷҲǻһδȴȭֱȷŵһöǴһ࣬ƵҲΪǿ
ǵвʥһ
ճȭһֱѺۣűǷ顢
淢һţȴ˫Żյȴǰ߲޲ͬҶֱԴճȭ顣Ҷ㣬ֽ˫˫ȻΪ˳ȥգ౻ճȭ飡
ɻͷ­Ҷ㵭Цʵ
Ҷ㣬Ϊʲô㻹ȥ淢ֵĴУѾʥӦʱʥ֮ٻȥŶԣôͣ˼䣿
޹ˡҶһЦ棬˰ɡ
˵֮䣬һдճȭֱӻĲ޴Ĺ˲䴫壬͸һ̫Ĺ⣬űſ죬ʹغ۶ǿ֮У̫֮͸˳Щһ壬˲ͽ顣
һ֮ƮܣҶһֱ㽫һ𡣵ûнǻӢ鵤ǽ۳һߴɵľ޴ӢɢǿϵϢ
棬ҽһֻ飬ػʥ򣬱ʥź֮ƽ˵š츳֮ţһ۳ǣǰĴ顣ʱб£ͻһУʥɡ
Ǿ޴ӢĿûκα飬һ񣬱ʱ˺֮ϥں֮
֮Ӣ鵤ж̲ס̾ϧˡ
һţҵҶ㵭Ӧȴ̽ȫĨɱ
˵һȴǻħ磬Լħ֮С̧֮䣬һõһ·ԶһѩӰ֮ϡɢʥϢʥ֮⣬һΧƣȴʥ֮ڵľ޴
һħڲ΢΢ܵϢ˶һ֮ݵĳ嶯
ǹյѩӰϣѩӰʱ˱仯Ʈʥ壬ϵϢҲԽԽŨ
ʱһƴСҶԭҰз˳ĺУǵҶϲȥ
ȥɣѩӰָʱˡҶһЦƶССѩӰԪʹٵѩӰȥ
ʱͻһֱͻȻɢһ޴ȻһԾһײѩӰ塣һǵзһ㴥һѩӰסͻȻһӰȻѩӰصѩӰ֮С
ʱѩӰбųһ֮⣬ſڷһ
ǡ˽Ȼȴŭ
ø֪жĻˣŭ𣬡ȻʱҪѩӰ壡
ͬΪ壬ܸܵ뷨ҲŭˣСӼѩӰлʥƣҪռԼһֱӳΪʥޣ
Ҷһ㵽ôر𣿡ţҪ֣ȴѾѩӰ壬ȴ˺ѩӰ
ȻԼѡұ˳֮ɡҶĿ˲Ҳñ飬֮䣬һһ½ѩӰסٵУһֱǰռѩӰ֮ϡʱҵһ΢ȴ·ʹַ·Ҷġ
ʱ֪ѾˣҶһ޴ֱӽ飡
еƬ˵ֱѩӰڵֱ֮ӱҶԾҲɵѩӰںϡţѩӰССԪ˹ȥһͶ뵽֮Уʱâ
ǹâ֮УѩӰ岻ס仯Сջ˰ƴһֻɰСǣձУһ۵ĺУǿɰˡ
ÿɰޱ̲סѩӰʱһ˹һͶУššš
ôޱؿҶ㡣
Ӱ졣ҶһЦѩӰںϣȴһδӤӰ죬ѩӰҲָ˸ճʱӡûϵѾʥޣɱ仯
ѩӰһͻȻһԾڵϣ͵һȴͻȻһֻɳľǣһ޴Ϣɢ̲סҪ
ʱҡһָƴСֻصޱ
һɾϲؽһϢô尡
ҶЦЦں֮ѩӰѾ˽֮һִڡ˵ʱӦǽСǡŶ԰ɡ
ǰͷ̾ܺãǿ󣡡
߰ɡҶ˵ҿʥٻ֮ΪܵһӰ죬ܾʥ֮ܳûδ֪Ҫʱ䰲źһУܴ뿪
ʥźأٺָź紦˵ôˣ
ʥе磬ȫ֮ά֣뿪Ȼﲻʱ𣬵쳤վ֮ȴղ𡣡Ҷ˵ǻǼǧ꣬ҲǼ꣬˵׼飬Ȼ뷲岻ͬҲǻ飬̿Ƕ𣿡
ȷʵٺ׻ͷȴû͸һ㡣
ź֮Уһǰ֮ҶһЦδǰͬ㽫֮ں磬ȴʧˡ
û¡û£ٺ֣㣬䲻ʾԳƣҲǸ֪ڵˡû㣬һʥźҲѲ˿Ҳǿ߻ɱˡ˵Ǵ󹦵£ˣһкô֣
ôȻ١Ҷִ̧һֱٺԭҰ֮Сںдһڣ˸Ҷ԰ǰ񣬰ǰʱƾڵʥź֮ѹǿС
⡭ٺ׸ӦʥźǾǿɾϲ쳣̫ǿˣ
߰ɣһкöҪҶ˵ţһ֮䣬ħѾԽʥ磬ͨһֱ˵ۼ֮ϡ
һУƬ̼£·ͨۼֻ֮Żһ㡣


490 ȫʮ
ת֮䣬ҶԪءһ㽫Ԫص졢ضħ֮С
ʥ֮εǿ˸ͽУʱһ漴Ϥףȴɶ㣡Ҷү
ʱ䲻ࡣҶЦ˵ҪЩټһ𡣡
⻰Ц˵ŸҶ䣬ħƿմȥޱ˽Ƚ꣬ħȴȻ˸ض죬ҶȻǾһһ¾ߣƬ̼ƺ¥ɭˣֱ˵۶ǻʹ֮С
ۼεħͻȻԼǰ¦ʵһʱӿһʲô˴󵨣
һȣʱʮǿһħ绢
£ҡҶ㵭һЦ¦ǰ
㣡¦󣬲ɴϲʱ˵˹ȥһ½Ҷ㱧סҵƽԪһôãˣ
漴һ֣£
ۼµƽԪʱͦվãҶ㾴֮һʵ£ȴϲɫа룺ȻлƽԪˣ
֮ǰʱ̫û¡ҶһЦ
˸˵ˡ¦һļҪ˵ʲôҶȴһ֡
ʱ䲻࣬ҵħ˵ţֱӽ¦ħ֮С¦һУʱΪħǿ׳𾪣һһʺ
λҶվħǰӻڿУ˶ܿԼҴ˴λǸߴһϢһϢϢǿλҪֱһʱ䣬ϢȻʥ
⻰һڣ˶סˣ漴㱬һĻÿһҶѶ̲סӯ¦Ǽò֪˵ʲôãֻǲסͷ
ֿʥٻ֮Ⲣܳ־áҶ˵ˣҪڷӦ֮¡
˵ţһ֡
˲䣬ħһֱӷ¦࣬ڿ仯Ǿ޴ĵûһֱ¦ϡ
ǡ¦ɴ۾Ǵã
ǡҶһͷѾ¦ӶӰ췢仯˸ΪǿķԻ׵̬ڱϡ֮֮Ȼ㣬ȴҲһʹôˡ
⡭¦༤˵
¦ѾҶ˵¿԰£ǿ棬ΣڤȫˡǿУҲѾ
㡭Ҷʥڤ¹̣Сڴ˶лˣ¦༤ع֣ȻҶȥ
һλʥˣǷߵλҲͬƽ񣬰֮Ȼ
ҶȴһЦ䣬һסֻҪúڤ̩񰲣հҵǶõıˡ
Ҷʥģ¦༤ͷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮䣬ȴޱԭҰз˳߶ħؾΧһ֣ǵΨݵһ·˹Ծħ͵Ĺâڡ
˲䣬˱仯Ȼȫڣȴֻɢһʥ֮ıҲ˵ı仯ڵκγʮ׷֮ϡ
ޱʱܴǰȥʥ򣬵ңһ̵ʱڴʥ򡣡Ҷض˵šҽǿʤһǿߣ߱ұܰġ
İɡޱҶ㣬뵽ֱ
ҪޣҪңҶؾһġҶḧһİޱͷ
˧ҶĿת죬ʱȭǰүкηԸ
ҪҶ˵ҹͬԡѪɳ֪ԸȻºͣɱ֮ʱȴ˫
˵һ֣ǵӡ˳һıϣʱϴڣһѹһǿߵĸоɾϲ쳣
һұ㽻㡣Ҷ˵Ҫطڤʹڤҵȹ̣вҲ°հҵ
ǣ켤صͷ
ƣԪӦҷڤҵĺѡҶ¦˵²Ϲ̬ǣʹǺģֻ¡
Ҷʥġ¦ͷǹǵۣȻֵܡ
飬ۡҶת⼸λ˵Ҳ֮ʱޱߣĪҪ¶ĪҪ۸
İɣλŵͷ
磬½£±ȫˡҶʱ߹ȥҶͥرһ𡣡ֵǣӦޱҲҪչˡһߣһѹ
ġҶͥȻᣬȴЦšŪøƵģʥĺ£ǴҶӦЦ
磬ҲģҲϱֵܡҶЦ˵죬ֵҲʥ
ҵţҶͥŵܵܵĺ󱳣Դ˱Լļϲ
ɻ𵱳ԼܱܵʱĿءڣҶʥӵо޴ޱ֮ȫκһƽƽֱλһ㡣
㣬ҶΪ̲ס˵
Ҷʥġ¦ʱڣʥ֮һб㶼СʡСʱ֤ļչ˺á
ʵҲˡٺһЦҶͥǳŽףƺ¥һҲи֣ҶֵǵʵȴѳԽκһȴչ㻹ࡣ
˲ɶЦˡ
ҽþȻҪݼѡҶ˵΢΢һЦּ̧䣬ħһöΨɵӢ鵤˹Ӣ鵤ͷɢһʥ֮⣬ȴҶ罫ħʥС
ʱһӢ鵤ʱɳɢһƬâ
Ҷһƣһħʱӿһʥ⡢ҲŶС͵شһͨȴֱӵʥ֮Уʥź֮ϡʱʥʥӿ˲һƬһ壬ħ磬˶ΧС
ǡӦǾ޴˶ȻǷȻֱӴ̼Լ֮ʹǷԼʱֻ¾ʱͻͻƣ
λʹˡҶ˵ţ˫һħ⣬ǳеľ޴һ±˸˵֮С
ǿޱȣ·ʥһ½һ㣬ڣʱһÿ˶۾ϵϢ⣬˲仯𣬾Ȼ˶ʼ
˼鰡ɹֽ
Ҷƽ޲ֻǴ߶ʥźɢͬʱȻһͨʥͨʥҲֱӽ˹
ʱӴڳ˵ڣʹǵٴ
ڳУҲѾʱϵȻԽﵽ˳߻˽֮ЩڳУмչߣ˲ﵽ˳Žסʮ֮
찡ӦԼͻ˾Žףﵽʮףȴһﵽʮ۷壬ɹֽ
ˣˣˣ
ٺʮ۷壬ʱõϢ֮䣬ȻδܳԽʮ֮ޣȴ˵ﵽͨʮ۷ǿ屶ϣ
˶ھ


491 ʥ
δãЩ߽ס˽ߣܵʥ֮Ӱ죬ͻƣȴҶһ֮ʹѶﵽ˳ʮ֮
ֻͬһ֮УǿͬСΪͣҲֻǴﵽʮ׳磬ٺԭʮ۷ǿߣȴʹӵ屶֮
һʱ䣬еһʧȴʮסӦǿÿµ˶һġ
һ죬һ죡
ʥ֮𣿡¦಻ɸпš
λҶ㿪˵ʥǿҲﵽĳ̶ȡд˷ǳ֮£һǽʥźλʥһȴΪٻҵʥ֮һЩͬȴ·ڽҽ֮ɵľܴʥֱͨӽʥʥϢҲˣȴѾʧȥֻֿ֮ʱҪˡ
˵֮䣬ѾһĹâǹâʥޱȣֶ
û˾ûȻ֪ǷҶȴӦøӼңԼѾѿơ
֪ԼʱҪڷ֮ǰһȴҪ졣
ǰȥ˵һ֣һ㽫ٺ׾
򣬱ħ򡣡˵šǰۼʥ֮ʣȴħ򴫴ҵۼϵͨգħ֮ħʹڣӡħΪƾʹۼʿٲаħջ󣬲а֮ϣȴû뵽аֻԣΪΡħħӡħ֮ȴʹۼʧ⣬޷ٳʥˡұһķħʹʥ֮⣬Ҫ⿪ŷӡԴ˵ۼϻħ֮ʿ֣λɽ֮ΪаħҪ֪аģ
˵ţ͵һۣ޴˲ӿħ͵һ֮䣬ͻȻɳһ»ص¦Ĺ֮С
˵ħ磬һ»ֱͨħۼǡ˲䣬бҶڵħɢɢۼǸǿޱȵĵһħ磬ͨħ֮ԴԴϵش¼еʿڴ˿̣ӦһԼΧȴʹԼڵڣ
һɲǣۼʿܵȴͻȻһͻƾ磡
ҶĹâȴԽԽǿ˻֣˵أ
˲䣬ķӦһɾ޴㽫һֱеѩӰһһƬޱߵĹâ֮С
໣ѩӰЩŵؽҶ§סο¡
˵ʵڵģҶԼҲЩûסܾɲͬٻ֮Щʲô⣬ʲô⣬ȴ˵
Ҳ֪˶ãһƬޱߵĹâȴͻȻɫһƬƬɽسҶǰȴ·ֻص˵ۼϣص˷䡣ȻΧѩӰ䵽һƬ֮ϡ
ѩӰΧҲ¶ɻĿ⡣ƺҲԼڵķ䲢޲ͬȴʲôʥ
ôһ£Ҷ΢΢üɸߴ۲硣ɽ࣬鲼ŸָķޣҶãȴδһǻ۵顣Ȼֻһͨ޾ס磬һԲε򣬶ʥ
ҶɻΪԼᱻôһʱһȴͻȻϮɭޱȣһ˪˲佫ΧһƬװع
ǿǷ۷ֻκηɣȴʥһҶ΢΢ݣʱԶԶ˿һ˲ϢʮԶһ±һƬѩء
ĿһʱĿϡУһ˰֮ľֻһУһɸߵθڿУɢһʥϢƣʾʥߵݡ
ʱӦεϢȴ飬һɲ֪ʴʥ
ʥɱңҶЦһѵۼǵõʥеʲôôǰɳʥۼϻɱߣʹ˴лɱԸ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷһֱǰȥת۾֮ʥǰ
ʥȻǣһҶ㵽ʱˣͷһ۾Źâڷһ𶯣ȻҶ㴫һ򵥵
ұҶЦǱ㿴ǷǸ°ɣ
ʥţֱִ֮ƣҶܸӦϵľ޴ʮֿ£ͨʥˣֻҲлɱ֮
ͬԷ֮ʱʾԶͨʥ˵ĿȻԾܾʥٻ֮ȻжϷḶ́Щʥ붼顣
һʥȴ¡
ͻȻ䣬ʥɢһرĺΧһƮѩ𺮷磬һ˪أһ˲ͱⶳ
ʥֱǰҶҶɫһ͵ſڷһȡǴȵڿб仯ţײ֮ȴһׯޱȵӽ̾ʥһɢȥʱʥϡ
Ǿ޴ʥҡβֹǰһλʥˣֻҶһбѾҪ
ʥ֮ӲޱȣҶһ³ȴֻǱһЩѺۣӰжһЦϵɱ
˲䣬ʥ嵽ҶǰǴغȭͷֱҶ
ճȭ
ҶĿһӿ˵ǿհĲƣȭۣ֮âȭͷ·𻯳̫һ㣬ֱʥȥݺݻʥ֮ϡ
ǸûϵһϵʥˣȻʹϵ֮ʥ޷ֱ֮ӱҶתŷ˳ȥҶĿһһ֮䷢ٶȣ͵ʮԶһ׷˱ɳȥʥһȭݺıϣֱԸ߿ϡ
һ£ͬǻײڵһʱȻ죬һ±ҳһĴ󶴣ס
̳δɢʥԵֱȭϴһĺҶ
Ҷȭһȭֱӻʥĺ˪֮һ˪ֱޱˮϣڶȭֱӵסʥһʥ˸ӲӲײʥ𵴣ϵѺһһʱ鿪֮ơ
ȭҶֱӻʥţһ£ʥһʱ飬ƬƮڿУſŴޱߵĺ˪֮ȴݻһööӨı
һʥȻҶǣ¶ĺġ
棬ȴһ˪֮ɵһΣȻӵоķȴޱȣپҶһȭ
ϵϵʥҶ㣬ȴ·˻֮УظһʣȻȫĺһһҶ
ҶҲ£ĻһҶʱſڴһʹӽʥʱγӽ̾ʥ֮佫Ǳȫ飬һ˹ȥʥǴĺҲһССı
һͨĴľ޴Ҳɢ
ɸܵҶȴһʱһ֣Ӷ·һƬһ㽫ʥƬȫ۵һ
ӦʥϵҶȴ¶ϲı飬Ц
ѩӰ֪νޱʥ򣬱޴ʥʥϮңȴ֪óȫңұʱʥһŻⴿʥ֮ޱҵߣһͬʥ򣡡
˵ţĿһɢ֮һʥƬۻ


492 ʥ
ʥںףȫҶڳһţһ޴һҶȫ֮£̬ȴǻһ޴ľӨŻҶƿһռ䣬ֱӴһͨʥͨʥһ½ѸٵעС
֮ڣѰŵۼǵλãѰŷڤǵ۶ʹλãһ½뵽Ż֮Уһֱ㽫Żƿ
ʱŻ֮ڱʾ˻ʹڵľ˻Ҷֱĸõϲ֮УͻȻдһŻҶ¶Σɶ
磡ޱϲ˹ȥȴһֱӵ޷ӽŻ
㣿ôôʥ֮ٻص䣿ҶͥԾǰȥȴٽӽţֻǷסޱ
ﲢʥ򡣡Ҷ˵һ֮ϡΪˣҲȴһ׮ʹһռŻʥ֮һ˻Ϊʥ
ʲôڳ˶Ŀɿڴ
һ˻ΪʥȻҶ㣬˵˻ˣ
׼ȷ˵ҲĻΪʥҶ˵ֻʱӵʥ˵Ϣƾ֮ʥ֮жѡܽߣʮ۷ǿߣʱʥ֮ʱڱΪʥˡʱʥ֮Ҳٽˡ
Ҳԣ˶Ǿ֡
ҲסҶ˵ҪһǿʥһҷһʥϮȴ֮٣ŴŻ
˵ţҶͥǸȻһЦ磬ڷػѻ飬ȴޱʥ𣿡
ʲôģҶͥһ󼤶ޱδӣô˶ǲ֮£žۣȻǴ£ûκ±Ҫˣ
л⡣ҶһЦޱ֡ޱᣬҲһɾ޴ֱҶзһ½ޱŻ֮УޱŻ֮ʱŻһ±ɳޱϣγһʥ֡
ţһʧ
ޱһģҶĻУٻͷʱȴֻһİ磬Ż಻ˡȦһ죬ûü͵𡭡
ǸҶο㲻õģܽʥ򣬱ҲܽѶʥһ죬Ի
šޱ˵ͷҶĻһۡʱѩӰҶ㻳˳ǵޱϲȥޱһһ±סҲǲסǡ
Сأϲ˵š
ͻȻ־һô£ôоһңԶҡ
˵ţ鲻ԽץסҶĸ첲
ӦʥʥĹ֮ˡҶЦˡֻ㣬Ӧûʥ򵱳һ½ʥˣǵһʥʱҴʥʲôӣҲᱻһʥˣұɻأˡ
Ѿ⣬ַռʥһѴʥž֮С
ʱһȴԾϴޱʧɫҶüͷ壬Ͽաֻ֮ϣһƬŨͻȻɣţһбֱˤֱʮһɽ֮ϡɽ徹Ȼܲס˵һ±ѵ
ʲôˣޱȻʥֻ֮֮ɣȴ޷ҶһظӦƲеϢԶϵʥ
һλʥˡҶ˵һޱ֣ʥڴ֮ϱǰǴȥ
֪Ʋ֮лһλڣ⽻սͻȻֵԼַӦҲδ֪ȴ
ǵɽҶϢޱһͬһƬʱŨȴͻȻһɸߵİ׼׾ˣޱȵŵ֮ƶ䣬з޴Σ̨һﵹɽϷ
Ȼ䣬һǿʯб׹Ӱһ³ڿУǾ˶š
еʥˣǸһͷӣһ֮ȻմȾ˳ۣƬ֮һⳤɾӲ˲ǵѪǰ׼׾һҲ˵ʲôȻһȭ
һȭˣȭ֮ʱȭеƣʹʥ˵ֱ۷·ֱӻһ籩ǰȥΧԲڣʯⱩľ𣬴ֱ𣬻޸Ǻ޵ֿ֮ر籩У˲䱻ʵ÷顣
һȭֱӴǰ׼׾˵֮ϣþ͵һΣ֮⣬ȴûܸ׼׾˴κε˺׼׾˷һЦֱʥץ
ҶԿ
׼׾˷ҶȴʱӦǲһסǰ׼׾ˣϸӦϢȴ׼׾˾ȻѪ֮ȴҲһʥֻǼߣԼŻһʥȴ֪Ҫǿٱ
۾Ҫ֪ܵõһʥ˵һοԴ˽ʥ
һʥʲôʥһͻȻǰһȭȭͬһ㣬ϯķ鶯ޱȣһ½ǰ׼׾˰Уֻܲϳʥ˵ȭȴ֡
øӣСүĵϳףСү㽫շˣΪСүĵһʥ
ʥۼѹסǰ׼׾ˣɵҶȴüҡͷΪظӦ׼׾˵ϢȻȴǱʥ˴ˡ׼׾˴ʱһɱ
ҶѾоʥʤȭ׼׾ȴʤսħ뱩ħһ㡣ʱ׼׾˹ʾȴʥԽԽӽԼԼձʱ޷ʱӳ
ԼǷӦҶԥˡа޷϶ȴóȻְκһֻȴǰ˻˺˺ˣǿɱǹǹˡ
ʱʥ˵ȴһҶϤϢϢСҶ㳤ȴʥϢҶ˲ٲԥѩӰޱԼմһСģڻۿҪˣ
ʲôʥȭͣתͷ˹Ҷ΢΢һЦǰҪӵˡۼǵʥҶɣ
дȴҶ㽹һ߼һߴСģҪ񣡡
ʲôʥҡҡͷʥѾȭ֮УٹƬܱ̾ҳ׻ȫշˡǿҷűɣֻҲ͵Ϯѣʵ
ִе̬ȣҶú޲ܸһȭ˿ȴûʱ£ҶֱӱҪ˺ȭ籩ֱ׼׾ˣðʥ˵һ
ˡǰ׼׾˱㷢һЦϵ͵һ±һ޴ԲҲͬꡢͬˮһ±㽫ʥ˵ȭ籩顣
ײʥϣʱǧٿףɴ۾ȫɢѪ꣬ſ֮ʸһѪ˳
ҶǿԲҲֻܼæˣҧ̾Ϣ
ֻԼûһӦһʥϢԼЩʥˣʥҲ˴ˡ
Բ̫ǿҶ֪ʥֻѾ
ʥȻֽƻ˼ʥţǸ߰ıȴʹʧҧһ𣺡ΪӢôģұҲҪһʥ䣡ɣ
У˫ͻȻһĹâһѶҫ۹âͻȻҫֱӺԲ֮ϣɲǼ䣬޴Բһ±飬ǵĹֱ˰׼׾ϣ׼׾˲һһ±â˴֮С
ʥ˵ϢȴҲ˲ʧֱԿ׹䡣


493 ʥ
Ҷ㼱æɹȥס
ʥ̧ͷҶ㣬һ˿Цݣվ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ֮ǰʥ̫Ըԣʱʱĸǿȴ塣Ҷ㻺ҡͷˡǸӢۡ
ǱáʥЦЦѽʥȥϢ㣬ֻҪڴˡ
˵˵ţȴûһ˿Ϣߣȴˡ
Ҷҡͷ̾ϢʱŷɢʥϢģȴһơϿ̵Ĺӵ֣Ҷ䲢ϵãɢ˿˿ȴʹֵ֪塪ʥ
ʥĶҶһʥȻһְλҵǲ͵ְλѹʥԼܾʥٻȴΪѾ˼Ȩ
ʱһϢȴ·дţǰ׼׾ȴͻȻԵϷڶ׼׾ȫ࣬ƣԴұֱۡѾӰɢҲޱȣһһ㡣
ɱɱ׼׾˲ظһʣµİԴֻ۾סҶ㣬ͻȻ̧ۣȭҶȥ
ҶʱѾ֪ʥʥ֮ŪñԼ֮ǰٵǼʥԴͬһʥߡ˴ʥӭԼȴʥ˫һս
Ȼһֻǲ²⣬ҶҲǰ˾ŲʮûиõĽ͡ĿʥŻʥ˲ɢϢȼһŭ
ճȭҶһ͵һǰһȭشʥ֮ϣ˲䣬ǿҵĹȾʹʥǱڳܡɡͲƲһ±һȭöݣ嶼ֳһּ߽ͷ
ҶԤе׼׾֮ʱ»о͵һ·Զſڴһӽʥ
˲䣬һӽ̾ʥɢǰ׼׾˰Χһҵ𶯣׼׾˺һըǱըĲȷʵСҶڽֻҲҪˡ
ըֻһɲǣɲǹҶʱǰȥһ֣㽫׼׾˵вƬԾ۳һƬ޴
Ҷѹ֮²۳һɶһԲȴ޷ѹҶ㱾㷢Ӿ֮´죬ݻŻȴƾԼȻ޷ʥ
ʥֻܵպˡ
Ҷһ֣ʥ֮˺ָ״һС飬죬ս֮һöССĽֱָӴϡǽָȴһռ䷨ӵһ޴硣ֱӽʥ֮װ֮Уʥ֮ʱӿ
ʱһӰȴͻȻڸҶ㻺ͷǸĵӣȻ˲õ
ҶˣֻһŷĿ峺ˮ͸һҺȵʡԼĿдŹ֮⣬ȻҶоѷǵС
Ǹ̵ơƺҶɣȻһȡһƣݸҶ㡣ҶùʱɢиӦǰǡʥǡ
˵ĸҶ㽫ƻ
£ʥһЦҶһ֡ǸĪܡ
һᡣҶһ֡ҲеʥϢ˵ʥȴǳΪʲôʥĸͷβ͡
ϧˡĪܿҶ㻳еʥˣҡͷ̾Ϣ棬ʼղֻףʱЭû뵽һ汾꣬û뵽Ȼ¸ɲ彻ˡ
Ī磬뵽˵ҶһʣҲһ꣬㽫Ī뵽˵Уޱ֮ĪһޱһôһλۼǵŮʥ𣿡
ɻشޱǿʲôԣһƣԭֻϰһʥɵ֮Ĥ
Ŀһ٣ȴޱеѩӰʱȵؽʥޣôôСʥޣ
˵Ҷ΢΢һЦѩӰԭҵ裬ұ͵ϮˣԪҡҴסԪ壬ڷʥ֮ںϣӶʹҲմȾʥʥޡ
ְĪܸпţ漴ĿѩӰҿĿת
ʥΣôȴоϢʡ
⵹ȷʵҶ˵ڷһֻ֮ڷʱõ編֮УںѩӰԪ֮ʱ𱨣ȴӶѩӰʥʹԼʥޡգȴδܵóѣѩӰաѩӰͳرġǡ
һֻǣĪܵͷ̾ʥҲûʥޣҸӦϢȻסҶֵ޳ػ㲻Щϵʥ߽ˡˣҷ֮ʱҶֵܷһлǼʥȴ֪һʲô
ӽʥҶ
÷Īָ̾ѷһɹҶֵ
Ҳʲôɣޱ̲סֹһ䡣ʿҲв˻Ŷ
ͬĪЦ˵˼Ҳʹſڴʥǿ߱һҲʱҪ߽ɷۡʥ˵ֻǵĴ˰ˣдĲܽСҶֵһбˡʥжһλˡ
Ҷ֪ԷǽԼ˷ϵʥߣ΢΢һЦҲӽ͡ʥǷзͬߣδ֪̫籩¶ԼʵԼ̫ôԻʵȫʥ򣬵λ֮˵Ϊ
ҰɡĪָʬ˵
Ҷ㽫ʬ彻ĪܻУĪ䰲Լγɵ֮ڣ̾һ
Ī֡Ҷʣڷʱʥֶ߳Ըңڷ֮ʱĪܵһʥҷδϵɱֵܵһʥֻҲͬһָʹȴֻ֪ɺϣ飿
˵黹Ǹ˵ɡĪ˵ֻڸ֮˽⡣
򣿡ޱһ
ʥ򲢷ֻһĪЦˡǵʥΪ˻ʥ򣬶ڰ˻ʥ֮⣬ʥڣͬĹһ㡣ô˵ɣ
ˡޱ˵ͷ
ʥʥ쵼ṹ뷲Ҳû̫ĲͬĪܽ˵ʥ͢ʥͳԦ쵼ʥαʥרŸ̵񣬴֪ʶǿߣ뷲ġԺмưɣֻǿʥ֮Ǵڴ֮£ǸˡʥǸ
ʥ˿ԻôãޱʡʥǰģھȻڣ
һЩ顣Ī˵ұ㲻˵ˣʥ֮ʥ˵ġҶֵ˵ǶֵʥߣȴҲ֪㻹ǵʱʥɡ
áҶһͷԼĵĻ⣺Ī磬ǷԽδҲʥδʥһʥɵƤĤʥ֮ģҲ㡭
һЦеţֻĪҡͷ
ⲻʲôġĪȴЦˡͨʥˣ˽˽ʥȻǰ첻£ֻǡͨʥˡȨֵĸ߹ʥ˵ⲻСһ׮Ȼʥ͢ɷǽֹµģڸȨʥ͢ʱһֻ۱һֻ۵ġһ˵ǴʥҲ£Ϊֵáַ˵ȥֻǾԾΪʵ̫ˡ
ʧһʥ𣿡Ҷ㲻ô
㵱ʥǷķ𣿡ĪܿЦһ
𣿡ޱʡʥʥʹķ𣿡


494 ڤʥ
ʥǲͬġĪܽ͡Ǽ򵥵ʥȴѵ֮ȷ˵ʥ֮бǷıʥǷķ֮£ʥȴΪΪڱ֮Уŷʥȴδؾӵ֮Աʥ˱ֻʥԭʥҲΪĵرƷ߼һ𣬾ʹʥȻȴҲΪ󡣲ʥҲ編һ㣬һŶۡͨʥͲʲôֻȷôһ㣬ǿʥȴʥҲҪĤݡ˵ʥҲŵȣһ׷ʮ׷һ㡣ҪŻͨʥǲɵģҪøΪǿʥʥ̫ˡٶǰ˻ʥ˵ˡ
Ҵˡޱ˵ͷ
Ҷֵܣ㷽һʥӵֻǶʥ֮һһǼ˲õĴƷĪ˵ܽ˵Ҳӵ֮šʥ֮ǻõõģǰ;ðģȻ㲻иڣûܽΡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȴܾ鲢ô򵥡
ʥѾԭϣúñܣòҪ¶ϸ֪Ī˵ΪһǴǱʥˣ֪㽫رӶ󣬿»Ӻ㣬㲻
Ҷٴεͷ
ʥ֮󣬻ר˸𷢶ʥ֮ٻֱӽʥ֮СĪ˵֮ǰƻٻ֮ȴǸȨס㡣ֻˡɡ
˵ţĪܷ֮ȥ
ȥҶʹöݷҲԷϸ߿գһ߶֮޷ϣȴǴδ֮۵ĸоʱȻʥȫʥӿƺѾٲκƣԷɳ֮⡣
ѩӰޱҶһѩӰСԴСһʱһԾУ͵ػ˾޴ĳ̬֮ޱڱϡһʥӿ𣬽ޱţѩӰҶһֱ֮۶ȥ
Ƭ֮䣬һѾĪܷɳһ±˺ڰޱߣȺҫ磬ޱ̾ѡ
ʥԴԴϵӿסÿ˵壬˿лѭϢʹ˲úʳҲԳ档
ʥʥзСĪܺĵؽţȴԶȥвûпʳʥȥĻòҲݽߣ˱Ҫַʥ֮
˵һ֣֮ȡһܵžƥ񿥣ȴѪ֮ȻԱΪԭϴ복ɢһʥȴȻҲһʥ
񰡣ޱ̲ס̾
Ƿһ𣿡ĪʣޱͷһЦʥеĳʽˣ˵λ˳䣬ʲô˲õּǷɡǸݣϴһݷ֪˶ٱٶҲ졣ǳֻ»Ҫպ׷档ǳУԻʥǣȴǱ֮;ҲͲʲôˡ
˵ţһ˳ѩӰξ޴ȴ⣬СһһʱָɰƴСޱ֮һɣòˡ
ĪܼݳɱɲǼ䣬ǳ·𻯳һ⣬һ·ȥޱֻӰ磬ٴξ̾
ɳۣǿշ·һƬǹĲԭһǲԭϵԶɽԷ˵ңɼʥ˵ȴƬ̼ܵľɫת֮䣬ʮѾҶǰӹ
˻ʥͳϽΪڡС㡣Īһ߼ݳһ߶Ҷ˵ڵĵۼǣСǣһǧٶʮһ֮ࡣежʮţнǴֻʮ˿š˵ģס֮أǾˡ
Ҷ㻺ͷĬĬС
ʥ֮ҲȫǿʥˡĪܽ˵ʥڸλͳʥ֮ڵڡЩڵҲҲǳʥ֮ڲͬ䣬ʥżǿȻܰ˽ȴҲ˵жڷּͿԺɽ壬ʥ֮ȴֻܴ鼸ʯˣڷһ淨Ϳʹʮһгɻңʥ򣬿ֻչǰһƬݵءʥ֮зӳڷʱ޷쵽ġ
ЩִӺζޱ̲סʡ
Щʥ֮еԭס񡣡Ī˵ЩǴʥʥ͢ĳЩ½ʥԸϴ塣
ô˵ʥҲǸϷ˵ˣޱʡ
󲿷ˡĪ˵ٲʥ֮гɳģ˶Ǵ壬ͨʥҲ޷ǵĵλʵȡ壬ļ壬˵λʮָߣȻְλ縨˵ǴҲҪӡ
ôһ˵Ҷ㲻Լ֮»ԼһЩ鷳
ʱǰռ֮ȴͻȻһ󲨶Īʱüͷһסʱͣסһ޴ȴȫʹӲԵķжҲδܼͣκӰ졣
ʲôˣĪܴһ
ͻȻ䣬һԸӿݻһ֮֡Уһĸ𣬵ȴ޷ǸЩʲôͬڳƮɴܸоĴڣȴʼ޷ظӦ̬
һĪܵüͷøˣеޱֱӸоһ㱣;ҵز͵³һѪ
ãҶĪܼͬʱ
ǿ֮ǿ縨ݣȴҲסĪü͵һԳվзһȭ֮дȥʱһȭ绯ǹϢֱҡ
Ҷڳޱͬʱҽϵˡޱǲʥ֮أҶ˵Ҳǿ˲ҽõСˣһȥޱʱһûʲôˡ
ǺǺǺǣһȭƯ֪ʲôͷûУ
ʱһЦţһΪĴڶʮսʿĴӵ֮£Īǰ
Ǽݳսʿɢһ׺Ĺâһʵ֮
򿪣һӢݵ̽ͷĿɨĪܣʥݡ
ǳˣԵۼǵʥ˰ɣ˻˵ᣬȴŮ֮
Īһüһʲôˣ
ңһЦҽ֮ɣҲʲôҪڤʥ޾СĶӰˡܲȴһλˣ
֮ӣĪܵɫһ䡣
ڤʥ֮Ӷǰ˻ʥ֮˵Ҳûʲô˲ģΪҵλٸߣҲܲǡ֮ЦţֻǴʱȴڤʥԵ˵ǻƧСطɣδͬ⣬ʥ֮ڴ˵˵߾ߣ²ʡ
¡Īܳһȭ˴δæǰδֻ֪һλʥ˷֮ʱ֪ܺӰ죬Ȼ˹߾һϡҲ¹ᣬ˼æӭˣԲš
Σôʵ֮һЦƽֱӶɱˣǰ˻ʥˣҿһ档㽫½ʥ˽ңұȥΣ
ǸĪܼᶨҡҡͷ²ܴ
ǾǾƲԳԷˡ֮΢΢һЦ̧һָĪܡʱĻ֮бһǰ׺ĿɨĪϣһĨпЦ⣬Ҳɱ֮
£˼ĪĿһ˰˻ʥĪܣ֮ҽսҰ˻ʥս
Σ֮ɵǻЦһ
Īְ֣ɡʱҶԳл֮УһЦλвŮĵһʼ֪Եۼǵ½ʥˣȻ׼ʹǸԼ٣Ҳһᶯ֡ΪֻҪǶɱˣûκ֤֤֡
ˡ֮Цɫ
ÿ죡ɱ⡣


495 ʥ
֮ɵĻһ䣬ǻЦųǰȭͷ
⻤һףǾȴʥȻֻһҶӦⷨķǿҲûʲôֶΣǶȥһıʥ֮УװȴԶڷá
Ⲣ˾Ϳ⻤еĹâɱǿ׳塢ȵϢ޲ʾ˵
Ļʱɢٵƶһ½ʥݰΧ
ĪܿҲûЩһһۣĿֻǰǻϡϢӿſҺʵһ±óɱλɲǼ·һ㣬ɢѹ֮¶ɱ⣬ǰǻ̲ס
ʱĪܳˡһ֣ǾһĿ졣ȭͷֱǰǰһ̻ǻмʮɾ룬һ̾Ѿ˻ǰǹĪܵȭ֮ϣȭһǹһؼκμ̷ǹ
ˣȥԼȭͷӭǸ޼᲻ݵǹԼ赲̴ܴصǹ

ǣ
ûص㲻ܵסµһȭûص㲻ܶµһȭ˲Īܵȭͷֱӻ˻ȭ˻ֱۣٺݺݴ뻤֮Сһ˳ȭͷӣ֮䱬ǻһ˺飡
һȭڳԼޱһȭŴˡ
ĪŹâȶ䣺κˣǸСʥѪĴۣʥԱɱԶᱻܣΪǼʹˣҲữΪսֱ˻𣡡
⻰ѪڡҶҲɻͷǸ߰Դ档գǱǿµһͬ
ҿԱɱҲᱻܣ
Ҷ˲ԼҪʥһԼͬɾ֮ɣԼûڤʥϽµ֮У֮ҪմȨ磬ʹ࣡
ûõĶ֮ɵɫһ䣬һһָһʱ⣬Īܳȥ̧֮䣬ֱϾͲһˮ⣬˫ȭһײ֮䣬ȭͬһƬĺһĪܰΧȥ
ĪۿţûжȴţȴȭѾǰ֮ʣͻȻ֡һ֣ǹƺʲôסȭ
ʥǹƣ
һУǹȭֱƿȭˮĻݺݵش˶Է֮Сһ󿩿춯ǻﴫ¶Ŀ־壬Ƭ֮䣬۾ͱһϢƣҲ˲仯顣
ڤʥɫˣĪܣǲǰ˾Ȼǿ
һ˭ĪĿɨˣ֧ͬصľΰǿ󣬲ɶҡ
û뵽ʥһҲ֮ɵɫüΪѿҲͻȻӳ˳վڳ󣬺ݺݵصĪܣȻ󷢳һ˺ëֱЦ
ҵ֪ڤŵҲǺǵġ˵ǲϻ˭ֻܷɱ𣬽ɣ
ͻȻ䣬̧һӿУһ߹ٳСЦţһǧٷϥ֮ϣѩ޳ָ
˲䣬һƾճ֣һ֮֡Уһ峪ʲôȴܸоһĻ㱣̲סҪǸ۾
ޱֲҶ㲻һüæԾס
ʱȴøӿ£ײ֮УȫʥݺĪܰΧ׵Īܣ𶯣ʥҲ޷סҡΣëӿѪ˿Ҳһ³һѪ
ɱһĨĹâ͵شһǰȥ
ȭʱƿն𣬵赲֮£ȴ̶һ㻺ٲ֮ǰ֮ơ
Ϊ¹ⱦ١֮һߵ٣һ߿Ц˵ҼҴ֮רʩչʥѾв֪ϵʥ֮ˣһλǿߣȴǱɱʹ찡
Īҧȴǰܵһµ޴ʩչ
ֻﲻǷ֮ϣһȭ֮Դ֮ԶĻ򲻵֮ɣ
ڷ֮ϣ֮ɵȴҲֻǧռ֮ڣµĪܾȭɼҲ޿ɶΡ
һʥʵ̫ǿˣ
ĿһУҶȴ𶯡һʥǿһʥܸʥߴʲôҲĿ¡ѷĹֻҲΨͬƳ
ָ˲䣬ͻȻ͵طһӽʥĴȡǺУһӽ̾ʥΧڴΧӱޱʱȫɣûʲôʹĸо
Ҫ񣡡Ҷ㻤סӺʱٴһдȴݻǧ۳һһ·ֱӲڶԷĴ֮ϣס
󳵵ȫѹסɢ֮Ȼ˷춯أǿȴӽʥҲ¹ⱦٵָ֮ϡֱ복ڣóӲסϵĳ򵱼ſ³һѪһˤڳϣȻǱֱˣ
¹ⱦٵı֮£֮ȴûˡ¹ⱦٵȫػѪ֮ϣȴ޷ɢȥ˼ˣĪʱоȫɣһסβסϢȡһöҩȥʱá
ʲô֮ǲ𶯵ֵĽЩΧסʥݵĻһҲĿɿڴԮ֮ɣҶ㷢֮лɱΧҶ㣬ּɵһн֮סǿߣһʱ֪ʱǺá
Ҫл㡣Ҷ΢΢һЦ¹ⱦٵָʾһ򲻳һзʥɣΪԽʥ߻Ϊ
ô֮ɴһ͵ز¹ⱦ٣һֱʥȥϣ㱻ɢĵ߽⣬͵𶯣ݱһѺۣۿžҪ߽ɳ
ҲӦһּĿ־壬ɾֵصɴ۾󵨣ңҶ޷ڤ򣡡
ԭҲδ˵ذɣҶЦ
֮ӣɱң㽫ΪڤʥĹУʥ㾡ȫҲؽɱ֮ɾֵشšӵԵҲһ
ǲһʼ뽫ɱ𣿡ҶЦšȻѾڤʥĿ꣬ôɱǵʥҲνɡ
ңϵѺ۱ø࣬ӶʱҪѣ֮ɲɷֵĽ
ҪҲɱҲԡҶ˵ʵҡڤʥΪҪɱң
˵ˣҲ֮ںڰпһ߹ʱ˾񣬵ȴ˵ֻҶһ˴һ
˵ҶӦһǿҵ
ֻɱڵۼѡ˲ţ¦֮ٴһ
¦ԭʥȴǵۼڵİ˻ʥ򣬶ڤʥѹ֣ʥ֮ǿһ¦ֻ֣򣬽ĴݹԴۿۣԳֶԸңҲܽΡǱʥˣҪɱֻҪ֮ϣұڽӡ
˲䣬֮ǰ֣֪־𱳺ʥˣҲǿߡ
ڵۼѡ˲ȴʲô
ҶһüԼ뵽һֿܡ


496 ʥ֮
Ҷһס֮ɣĪܴо֮࣬ҲϲæҶػֻЩڤŹĻΧҶ㡣
Ҫ֪ϵʥߵķȻǿ󣬵ȴԶϵʥǿôϵʥ߽޿ķԿԷȭֻ֮ͻᱻɱ
ʱӦ֮Ȼ棬ȴһԲһ䡣
ǲԼʥ֮ѡ˲ţȴܵҰ˻ʥۼϣǺεҶʡ
ұ㲻֪ˡ֮ǿһ˿΢ЦӦ
㲻֪ҶЦһ˹ȥɡƧ֮ԼʥˣҰ˻ʥ֮УΪʥǵϸ
֮ɵɫһ±ˣʼڲýʵҶ㡣
ƴˣһҧ͵ش߶¹ⱦ٣һʱȻڶʱ֧סʥݼŵĻᣬһԳз˳ȥҪԶӡ
ɲǼ䣬ʧȥػĴ󳵾ͱʥֱ˳ʥҶ֮£ȴ߷һ֮ɾȥİס
ֻ֮ŵüһ
ҶֵܲҪçײĪҲˣæٴһڤʥʥ͢еĴ󽫡Ԫ˧࣬¶׻ɱϾ֮ӣҪذ
ʱһȴͻȻգţһܴ󳵳ڸǴɢһԵϢһ֣бʱɳһ磬ݻһɸߵˣ͵һȭ֮ɵϡ
âҫۣ֮ȴ𣬶Ҷķʥ򱻴䣬һҵɢķ
ۼǵʥ˺ǿͳЦУǳŻ򿪣һԳ֮߳С
ϣһͷɫķһɫĳۣȳƣһɷǵĸо·𲻿ɼ׵Ԩùļ¡
֮һɣʱ˵һԣЩҲʱ۵ߣҷɫһ֣л֪֮ںηʿˣպҸб𡣡
㲻ˡߺٺһЦպлᣬ֮׽ҲǼ¡
򣿡֮һ
áĪҶ㴫ȥ˿ҲǵзѣҶֵܣǻΪڤŴϮ
ܳȥڤʥɴɱңȶһʥ֮һǰˡҶ΢΢һЦҲ¶̫òճһɱɱҪаɱӡ㲻õġ
ϸ뵹ˡĪ˼Ƭ̣΢΢ͷ
ڤʥǰ˻ʥϵΣҶʡ
ߣ˻ʥܣǿлţѣҲǱϵġĪܵĻӦҶʱʥ֮Ĺϵˡ
ڤʥȻɱ֮ļᶨҲҪǡӦ֮ɵһ¹ⱦ٣ҶҪ¡
ҶֵܣģĪܳԾС
ľˡҶһЦ
ʱȴѾ̸֮ЦԼգҶһţ֪һʥ򡱣ΪȻȻҲΪȡԼ
Ҷ㡣Ȼ֮ɼ佻̸䣬γʱˣʱתҶ㡣΢΢Ц̧֮䣬ɸߵ˷ɻصߣȭͷ׼Ҷ㡣
ǡҶһͷû뵽һոշʥˣȴѾʥǳϡ
̫ͻͻ񡣡Ȼ˵ʥ֮ϱϾѻ飬ȴɱ㣬ֻóƫĻᣬλԶɱ㣡Ҷ㣬ɣ
˵֮䣬͸ɱ⣬˱ҪҶ
ҶоǾ޸ޱߣǿ󣬵ȴƺףȻʹõòɫʵȴʱ޿̲ڿģȴܳʹáϲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ҷֵܺˣң˳ߣĪܴһгһ仰⣬м򵥼ݳ֮һȴֱӴǳУڣȴָҪǰĵص㡣зųʱӿʱ׼ɱȥ
Īǰӭȥ
޴֮ȻЦΪԼ˵ãӲһʥԶŴ˵ʥʥ񡯣ʥҲӵУϷһѾǾƷ֮ǿȿԿ
ԶʥҶһ
ʥǧ꣬ʥ˿еġԶšȴֻʮǰˡʱʥֻȻǿ󣬵ʹ֮ȴѾʧʥķҲ˿ԶʱĹˡ
⳽ȻϢҶֻԶѷԼĪȣҲֻ֮ȻȻǷϵʥߣһɱ仯ųԶȴĪܿɱȡԶʥȴǵӦ֣Īܾǵ֡
Ķ֣ʥҶ㲻΢΢һЦ
֮ǼֱԶǰĳȻˣ
֮ɣ
ҳʥ򣬱ʥҪҵֵһ㣬ֻµ˵ţʱ˻ʥǷܱҲδ֪֮ʱֻչҵǿ˵Լ˿ΪҳͷԿǿУ
һʱĪܵļס˼ȥ
ҶֵܣĪһҶ֮⡣
غҵδӡҶ΢΢һЦͻȻһ֣ѩӰҳɱƵУ
ʱʥһ׹⣬ȴѩӰһ·Ծɶ೤İɫǣһ·ԾҶڱϣʥ˹ȥ
ȴҶֵܻǣĪܾһӦѩӰǿϢȴǲġȴҲܶޱܣֻһ߿סʥݣһ߽ŵҶ㡣
һϵʥߣȻҽвȻɴЦƾľһֻұһͬɽ̿
͸ɱһʥϣʱǰһȭҶݺݴ˹
ʥҶ㷢һȣʱɢ۳һһ½ʥһȭܴѩӰǵ׺ϣһҧסʥֱۣϵҫ͵һ˦ͷ뽫Ȼֱˤ
ʥȴֻ΢΢ζһ£ΰ·겻ᵹµɽϵţһֻȭͷ͵ѩӰ
ѩӰεǷ֮ʱٶȳۣһȭȻȻʮ㣬ٶȴѩӰһŤʱ
ȭͷգʥһ٣͵һۣǿʥֱӱԾƣɢҫѩӰ׷ȥѩӰȴҶ֮²潻棬ǲ߱Уʹ׾ʥ޷׽ѩӰӰӡ
ΪսʤңȻߡ
ǰ㣡֮һ󷢺ݣͻȻ¹ⱦ٣ϥ֮еһʱһ°ԣΧʱƮ֡
ǳݣȻ͸֮ɫһָʥݡ
⣡֮ɴЦ߶¹ⱦ٣ֱʥݡ
ãĪɫһ䣬ڳǰ͵뽫ס˷һεֵס˲䣬ӱ㱻ָ֮С
ס֣Ҷ˫۷죬һ߶ѩӰӶȥҪȫԮеޱ
ȵľŵһ̣ȻЦһʥȭͷ͵һ磬˲䣬ȭΪһֱ˹ֱ򳵼ݵѩӰ
УҶ㷢һҽУ˱ѩӰ


497 ȫȡ
ˣˣȻâ˷ܵشǽȴԵЩ㡣ʥһ֮󣬳ȻķȻһĴɫüǲ԰ףҲסϢֻҪɱҶ㣬ôһоͶֵõġ
ɱ֮ɱ⣬¹ⱦ٣һֱҶȥ
ʤУȴȫûע⵽űֵָʥĪܣʱȴһҲûС
ΪƮ֮ʣޱǲʥĤϣȴͻȻӿһСΧӽʥĪȫǿµָȫӽԳ֮⣬ȻûԶӰ졣
ʱҶ㱻ɣޱȴҲһ㲻֪Ҷᱻ˻һ㡣
ĪǲԵģʵʱʱҪȥ漴㱻ޱסؿޱлޱǲǱŷˣôܲԼȥҶ㣿
û¡ޱ΢Ц˵
û£Īתͷ㵵ԶֻѩӰʱзţƺʹҶȴֱ˳Ȼķ
һָʱҶҪ÷顣
ʥڳȻ֮£תһȭҶȥ
ʱҶͻȻһ͵һȭһȭ·ǿŨҶıϣȭ汬Ĺȣȴ·ͻȻһС̫֮Сһȭ֮㽫Ǿ޴ʥĺˣ
⡭Īܿˡ
ҶʥƴһȭѪڣа֪Զʥжǿ󡣴ʱĳȻѾû˶ٷʥܷҲ֮ǰ£ȭˣȫʢʱֻ֣¾ҶҲҪ
ҶǿסѪڣһƴ֮ȴ˳ȻλѾľķϵʥߣʱʧ룬ȴûκֵܣֱӱҶ嵽ߣһȭʹͷ­
ǹȵȭƱȻֱը飬ĳѪ
ϵ֮ɱˣ֮ǰҶʹõǷϵķôͻȻȴôǿϵȭ
ö˼ࡣ
ʱҶȴѾ䵽ǰһ½е¹ⱦٶ˹
Ѿ˵֮ɣûֻǿҶ㣬Ŵ˵Ҷ㿴һЦ֮䣬һ´һȭ֮ɵš
ס֣ͬʱһһӰƿճ˹ֱһȭֱҶ㣬һȭ֮䣬·ǧ֮ƣɱ֮ˣҶִټһȭȴֱ˳ȥ
һͷ̷ļǿ࣬׳ϵļⶼԵһ˫ʱʱһĿ⣬ʱ֮ɱڻﲻסУСɣСɣ
֮ɼѵ̧ͷһ̫֮⣬ͻȻڹȵıбը÷顣ǻĽ׳ӣ򱻾ֱɳԶ
˫۷ŭ𣬵ɴ۾סҶ㡣ʲôˣȻɱҵܵܣҪ
ֻ¸Ҷһһ½¹ⱦõ֮Уٺˣǿķݺһ´ʥڣȻסһ硣
ʱŵѩӰȴһɱߣĿǽ׳ӡ
ãĪܿףȴһʱҶ㴫һҶֵܣУǿߣ޾ĳƣھڤʥ򣬶Ϊ߹ش󽫾¾ǿɱ֮ɣȻŭ²˺ػǰʱǿҲˣ
ԭˡҶһͷһƣܵǰдңɱǾȡ˻ʥңʱ򡣲۽ʱжǿߣҶŵһս
˵ţݶȥ
ߣƴʱѾۣһȭҶһȭ֮Уǧ֮Ʋݣȭδɱ֮Ѿļ²ѡ
һȭֱҶ㱳Ҷ㱾ȴͻȻӦΧռ֮УϢӿȴǧ㼯ֻһˣҲƴɱһȥޱߣȴðգһסѩӰϣѩӰʱ⣬͵һ¼٣һԶȥȴǿµһȭ˸ա
ɲǼ䣬ѩӰҶصǰһɰƴһţ˳УҶԾ복УĪȴѾλã͵شһһʱ籼У˲Զȥ
վסŭţȫ׷ȥֻ֮׷ʥݣ;Ȼܱ־룬ձԽԽԶ
Ҳʱǧƿնһǿսʿɱһ׷Ҷ㳵ݣսɳ۶ԡԾһԿսһ׷϶
ٿ죬ȴҲ֮ǰľ̫ʼ޷׷ϡƲȳǰһ·׷
ҶڳУͷһۣ΢΢һЦҲִšңֵܱɱ׷澡ͷҲҪ׷ϳ˽֮ж졣
㷽ôģĪһ߽ŵؼݳɱһ̲סͷҶ㡣
ڷʥʱӦȡᡣҶ˵ʱҲ֪ʲôѡ񣬽ͱȿʹ÷Ҳʹȭ
⡭Īܾޱȣո̾Űɣ˫ޣǴû˵°
ĪְұܡҶ˵¶бףδ֪֮ǰĪԸѣ벻Ҫ˵
áġĪ֣صص˵ͷ̲ס˵ʵҵô֪ûʲôõģĵλʱ˵ֱӴʲôٵء
ʥ򣬱иӣ̵õôֻ˱Ҳ뷨һȴҲ뷨Ҷ㵭˵ңһʼ͵õĪĺô˭Ķң˭Ǽ£ͽңҲ޷ֱ棬Ǻ⣿
뷨ҲԡĪܵͷϸ룬ȷʵˡãģҰ㱣ܾˡ
ҶһЦסޱ֣ȴ뵽Լ֮Сʥ֮У¹ⱦʥ񶼾ţٲϢҶֱȽ¹ⱦȡ˳ڻУϸ۲졣
ޱҲչֻһ㣬ʱɢһ֮ԣ֮ͬ·ֻ¹۶ɣޱ̲סָȴһ˿һ𶯡
Ҷ̽һȴʱ
ûʥ֮ʥҲ޷ʹءޱЦ˵
ҵȴɷӸҶһ˵һ߽СУȴһǿֿ֮Ҷεǿ֮ǿгУʱɢ
ҶʥҲٽУȴǿʼ١Ƭ֮䣬ԭеȫҶ֮ڣҶʥ
ϲҶֵܣһʥ͵õʥĪ˵
ҲĪΪұܡҶ˵ʥϾڤʥ֮ʥ֪͢£»Ҫڤʥ壬ֻҲ⽻ֶҪʱȴòͳǾͿϧˡ
ˡĪܼæͷ
էչֳȴѾķڷﻹ䵱ˣֻһλ˲ĴвԾ˾֮⣬ҶĻȴƴˡ
շ¹ⱦ٣ҶҲãǽ磬ʥ֮С
ʥ֮ڣһ֮ʼֵҶ֮Ҷ㼸±ԼС
Ҫ뽫ʥȴͻȻһɼǿʥںӿһ½Ҷײɢ


498 ˻ʥ
һҶɳԾСΪʥڲ֮ȴǿޱȣԶԶʤҶ֮޷֮Կ˵֮ɢʥȫˡ
ôˣޱɫ죬æʡ
ûʲôҶҡҡͷֻʥ̫ǿҾȻ޷
㾹ҪԶʥĪһκҲ°
ǰЩ̫ԸˡҶ΢΢һЦʵɲġ֪ʥ֮еӦʥʮʮ겻ĸԼгһտԽøǿ㲻֮ܽٿ乵ͨʥȫ
ʱʥ񽫷ӳµڴ
ʱ˰ɡֻҪԼ֮ԽУԿס㹻ˡ
뵽ʱɻعͷ׷ƣ̲סһֽʥųȥĳ嶯
֪ǲɣΪһٶȣ󷽵Ĵͻ׷ʱ¾ʥ˲ָԶʱԼҲҪڴ˵ء
ֻĬĬĪܼӿ쳵١
֮бãĪܵɫŽɣͻȻ佫ͣס
ҲʱһӶӴͻȻΧĿռӿ˳һ½ӰΧʥĳݺʱϲʩʺá
ڤʥĴں󣡡Īһָ󷽣סǣ
󵨣ӴŵĽһʱӭȥǧ֮ʱһǿķߡ
Ȼۣһ֧ʱȴ͵סͣҧʥݡ
ƣߵĴӽȻҲϵƣһҰ˻ʥ߾Ҫս𣿡
ƵǽʥĳӣͻȻ췢һ𣺡ǸҼסҵܵܵĳұػٱ
˵ţһʱ󷽱ȥĴϺ󣬱һԶȥˡ
ʱǴӽȴһĨ˰ѺĪǰ
Ī֣ô£ôڤʥ񣿡
ûʲôĪһЦлλֵܰæ
ҡǽæ֣Ҳʥѧͽʥҵļ԰Ϊʲô²Ӧõģʦʺá
һĪһͷˣעơʲô¶óġ˵ţǰȥ֮һС͵֮ϣʱоӭʥݺ󣬱ǽ֮С
תۼ䣬ӱһɫľǰ߽Ű۵ķϵʥߣӵʱǰ񣬶ʮʥͬʱŷű㻺¶һռͨ·
ʥšĪܽšǽ;̵̶һ˲λá
˵ŴǰʱУɲ֮䣬Ҷ;Χһ䣬ȴһ޴İʯ㳡
ǵˡĪһЦǰ˻ʥ֮ڣʥ֮ء
˵һָǰһΡİɫ
ɫʵģ׺ϵƶǽϾġ
Χƽʯأǿ
һ޴ɫŻмϵʥؼףһ࣬ǼĪλҲֻǵͷһҲûд
ǰĪָǹǹǰһԵĺӣϵ㷴·ʯǺˮ峺һۿףζˮ׷Ϸ
֮ǰһĴţ벻ߣȴһͷͷĸŲ֪ʲôʱһսͷߵͷĿսĹ̡Щ¸ҵʥʧˣȴϵ£ʥǰ̣ǿвһѪ֮С
¾ʹᣬ̧ͷǰǸߴĵţϿһλλɫʥߡϵս׶ʣеʥҲѺ
̵ǰ˻ʥʷĪܼ߹ţǰŴ̾ϢšһǰǾһʥսǳս֮ʥ˲Ұܣǿʢޱȵʥ򣬱ΪʱգΧһٴǿԾ֮ˣվǿۣ֮
ҶĿиӦһֲľ̲ס΢΢ͷᶨһģ
Ͽ̵ģһս֮ѵӢǡĪ˵ȻǿɱȴԶûʧܡԼѪд׳ƪ£ԶѧϰĶÿ˶ԽΪʥʥ³Ϊǿ֮ΪҸ
ޱҲΪĪܵ־жŻͷĺڣǰ˻ʥһǿġ
ӦǡǡĪЦˡޱﲻҪԼˣԭʥ֮УõĽҲʥļ԰
ޱЦŵ˵ͷ
ʱǾȴ򿪣һӰп첽һףӢһͷڱһĪܣ첽ǰüʣõأ
Ҷע⵽浹Щƣеġõܡָıˡ
֣ãǴĪҶ㴫һܴˣǰһӭȥ
̾˿нʬ屧˳ˣֵ֣ǿߣѡ㡭ڰɣ
˵˲ˣȡŭʹָ࣬ҫűʬ壬͵طһ𣺡˭˭
ڤʥˣʥˡҶǰ˵ڰ;ɱңȴֵܡ
㣿ԷҶ㣬üͷǸõȥӵˣΪʲô㰲Ȼ޸ᣬõȴˣΪʲô
ȻԷ̬ȷǳãҶȫ⡣Ǹ⿪ڣ֣ʱҲֵ֪ʲôˣǿн֣ȴҲ֪Ӧð˭ϸӦʥϢ֪ԼˣְȴѾˡ
Ϊӭ㣬Ҳ£ú۵Ҷ㣬㣬֮ʲʥٻȴŸжϷҲˣΪȴַĪĵطõ֪õһеӢţϳеżôе
ǸҶ㹪һ
ǸʲôãôȣҪ⣬Ҫ⣡
֣Īܴһıʹ⣬Ļȴˣ
֣һɱҲɭ¡ֵǸʲôȨһжϷļһʥ򣿶ҡ
͵˴ӳ̽ͷޱ˵һﻹһ˽ʥǱֹ£
ãֵܶ㣬㲻ҪôߡҶҲһ䣬ֵܵʹģ˽¶ԸңҲͷ׸
Ŀ˸ƺҪ֣Īܵǰ˵ΣҶֵܶǸĵӡڱԲ𾴸Ҫ֪ϾǸǰһսӢۣûʵȨҲϵĵλ
öҶ㣬޺ҧȴûж֣Ǳõܵʬ壬߿
ĪܵĻȴҶþȣҲɻûпʣޱ³ĪһǾ֮С
ڣһȣȱ߱ÿԶһ飬ɢ͵Ĺâյ֮µ硣ĪܴҶ㣬вתۣͨһ·һ
һŰȹŮеڼʱһһ׳ȹ㷢ڱٲشµŮӣ㻺Ƿ˳Ҷʱ͸ĩο֮ɫ
ӣڼˡ˵


499 ʥ
ǰݷ·һŮӣҶʱüϤϤϢҶеУ̲ס첽ǰȥ
Ӱݼʦ
ԵԳƣʦȴ쾭塣ħ֮ΪۼǵţҲδؾ˿׵سʥ
ڹؼʱְ̳ܴǿУʱ䰲źǵһС
ʥ£ǰʥĵۼǿߣ绪Ůӣʦ
ʱЩһЩ⡣ؽҶףͷ㣬ûйҵǻ˵ۼʿһϣлл㡣
ҡҶ΢ЦҡͷʦǼҲ̫࣬ҲǺ⡣
İĻ±㲻ǻˣ¿ЦһҴףҲ͸ĳͷһá
˵ţɫȻ΢΢ҡͷ漴ЦޱʣλδӰɣ֮УиӦĴڡȻܽҲ
һʥΪۡĪһ˵˵ʥȻܴݳǶһƳĴǵʥ
ʲô²һôֱʣ
Ҳǲ֪ͨһЩȨɴ£ԱһʥҶһЦұڷ֮ʱʥ֮ޱαװʥɻأڿ뷨̫Цˡһʱɡ
飬ϳʥأһЦô죿
ҪҪδˡҶ˵ֻǽǲ䣬һл뷲乵ͨôҿԵȡǸҶޱ֣ƴʥ˲ҲҪǶһ
øꡣµͷȴҶ֪ǹ£˵ҶҲʡ
ǲҪˣʱתĪܣʵ
ǰĪ̾˿һеӢţĹϵá²嶼Ϊ¶ŭġ
ұû뵽³̾һұǸ֮ˣʲôʱ򶼻˴ֻ
ʦҪ˵ҶҡͷҪ֣ҲȫҡǼʥҪһɱңֵֻһ䡣ĺӢ£ʥͬھ
ʥԥʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮ǰһϵʥɱң΢һٺŻޱӵߡһʥֵһͬھķ𣬺Ҳһ𻯳΢ڱ֮С
˵Ŵ磬ʱһưµǰ¾ȵؿţ̲ס˵Ϣ
ȴûм˵ȥֻҡͷһ̾ʲô£ĪһͷˣȥϢɡ
ǡĪܹһȥֽڵŮǲɢȻŴҶޱ
ʦ֪ʥĳҶʡ
֪һͷ֮ǰѾڣһʱҰ˻ʥĴУĺʥʥΣҪǷǷ־ǰһսλǷ쳣󡣡
ʦһֱиʡҶ̲סʣΪΡ
ΪܻôãЦˣЦ
ѡԸڹȥɫһʱȻ֮˵ǰʥ֮䣬һսΪһ˲õرϢսļʥ쳣ңʥǴս֮вңڵϿģǹһսļءҷʥ֮ʱֵһսβȴҲμǿµս
˶٣һ·˱û˵һ㡣
һս֮Уǿ߱Ұ˻ʥΪʵǿһֱơǵĺʥȴͻȻΪ˾޴ڱͱӣǣҾҰܣӢŷƴɱűסһʵʹʥ䡣
˵˴ͣ˲ż˵ʱƴɱУǿƣղƥУˡʱ˧ԼΣңΪұֱǷӡ½⿪ʱԼһֱӢ۹ʥ֮ڡ
ЦʲôӢۣ
˲䣬Ҷıˡ
Լãֵġ˧֮䣬һһο̹ǵİ顣Ǵ˧֮£ȫһʥˡԴ˧˵ס˰˵ʹҲԴ΢Цȥˣ˵һһۣﻻƣˡѣȥϤһжѾ˹ʱ֮¡
ʹ࣬ͦѾǼǿһ±޸ˣ֮С
ΪβӢۣޱʱ˵ΪʥսѾǾˡ
ҡͷһЦЩҲֻ֪áʱǣֻʥ̸֪֮۶κ˶˵Լ˧ȣҪ˵Լһսǿж˲ΣʱļʮλӢ۲ֽҷӡҽ֮Ԯ
Ǻ⣿ޱһʱ⡣
һ֧Ҷ˵һʦͳӢۣһλ֪˻ʥ򵱳Ի֪ͣһŴսӢ۴ڣԼ˷ܷ
µͷҲΪ⣬ԸԸ˵ƭҡ
̾˿ҡҡͷֻۣоۡǺħ֮ʹ֪ԼĴ£˵ۼ֮ã治Ըô㣬һĿ꣬һȥĶҲҸ˴Ҫл㡣
ʦȥٶ౯ˣҲӦסĽŲҶ˵δ޿㣬Ҫ㣬ʥҲҪ㡣
ġµͷѺ֣䱯ˣҲ벻ˡ
ЦЦһλӣҲҽ
ʦҷ֮ʱٻң¡Ҷʱʡ
ڿӦĺʥ򡣡˵Ҳ㣬̫ǿ󣬾ȻжϷʱϢ仯ѾΪĺʥȴס㣬㽫ٻǵʥ򡣡
ô𣿡Ҷ㲻Цˡ
಻֪ǵ뷨˵ҲǼĻᣬԾ㣬ǵ˺˳ӱٻ֮ع飬Ȼ䵱Եϸɡ
ôǼʥҶʡ
Ϊ񡣡˵ǵĺʥʥʵʥһս֮б˧Ѿۿۡ併ĵλȴ룬ӦĺʥĴȥġٻ֮ãӦƫԹڻ֮УڤʥԵĻСϡΪڤʥĺʥ֮䣬żʥǵȴֱȥӣλʥȴϡ
ˡҶ΢΢һЦ
Ī֪ʥĴ𣿡ʡ
ǵġҶͷ
໹֪𣿡ʡ
Ȼڤʥǿߣǲ֪Ҷ˵
ǱáµͷĪҳ֮ˣҽ£Ҳһ顣²Ҫٶκ˽ٻʥ֮԰˱˲֪㡣ֻ֪»㲻ȻӢ֮򣬵Ӣ۵УҲСˡ
ˡҶͷˣʦڤʥʥɳɱҵˣɱˡڤһ޾֮֮ɣһǸгȻġ֮ԶԸңΪɱڵۼѡ˲ţƻԵ֮¡
ɱ˾ɱˡ˵赭дڤʥͲǺöҲǵĵˡʥ̫ԶûʲôҲûμӹʥսѵҲʼ˴ģҶʥһҲϤʥǺ˶֪˵ʲôȻˡ
ӵһʥΪʥ񡯡Ҷһ˵һٴ磬֮ɢʱ¶¹ⱦǸߴʥ
ʥ񣡣³ԾС


500 ٻ֮
֪ʥҶʡ
ȻˣһԶΪʥ֮һǰĴ˵Զ֮ʱǿһ֧ʥľӣ֮ɨԶڽ磬Žħʥο֪ǰⶫֻڴ˵δ˵üˡʱȻ𾪡
ƴһȭʵҶ˵
ˣһʥȭϵﵽ۷壬Ҳв
ʱǳȻѾþָʥ񷢻Ҳ⡣ҶһЦ뵹Ǻ¡
㣬ʥеʥͬڷķ˵жʥԶԶͬڷ併һ㽵ʥǵɱ
ڶˡҶͷʦʥһǿҵ֮ȻԴУȴ֮ܽȡʼֻԼǷа취
⺢ӣֵصһۣͨʥҲޱȵıܽʥŻⱾΪʦ̾硣ʥǿҪáƺʥ¼ûˣΪʦܰʲôæˡֻµһ˰æ
˭Ҷæʡ
˻ʥһֻϽְ֮ʥʻǴࡢʥҪӵЦ˵
ôѽޱ̾
ˣòҲǾˣ˵û˼ӣôȥˡ˵лñʥʥüҵĴˣͨʥߣľš
˵꣬˿ޱ̲סЦʣޱ糯Ϧദһͬд֮𣿡
ޱЦЦͷ˵Ȼ˵ʲô˼ȴף²Ц
ɣñҲɡޱ̧ͷ˵ԣҲæ
ҲȷʵµͷתҶ㡣㣬ñ̫ȻᣬȴѾüҵĴȨҪ¡·ϣ鸽ˣȴ뾡취£Ͷ¡㵱Ը֮µɣ
ҶЦЦûлش£ȴסޱ֡
ǱáҶ֮⣬һͷ¹ⱦ٣΢΢һЦ㾹ȻҵıҲ׺ݡٶ˵޴ã˽õʥҲǺõġ
ôûдأޱ˵ÿʹǿȴá
ûõġ΢΢ҡͷȻѾѡϵеͶ塣ȥ֮еЩȻԿʹҲֻڷ䡣ʥ֮Уܵǿʥѹƣ޷ӳʥ֮µķġֲʥ֮۵ķʥϣܡ
˵ĲǳķѽޱƤЦţʥķء
ʲôһԼû塣
Ƿ˫ϵŶޱѹ˵
û˵ıȴκλ˵һСҶ㣬ȫš
ġҶЦЦһȼ䣬һƣ۳һɢУݻƮ֮ȥ̧֣һǿղӣȭҫ̫Ĺȡ
Ҳ֪Ϊλˡ˵ֻѡʥ仯֮ʣӦٻңһγʣȴзϵ֮ϵ֮
漣ֱ漣ºðŷһھǾ㰡㣬ôţ
ȴֵúϲ£죺ã̫ˣʷûй£ֻƾһ㣬ȳԽ˻üҵѾͷ̫ˣ
ޱЦʵ˵֪Ϊôˡ
Цˣ²ɫ»ΪԼκ޷ĵλʱ¶١
סҶͷѾĪְұܡ
ܺáһͷʥ֮£ĪܵѶ˵˰ɣҶͷ󣬽˵Щ¿Ҷ˵˻ʥ֮УѾɢɼɣһʥһϵȴǴһϵʥģǻüҡ
ҿ⡣Ҷ˵Ȩ˴Ȩ֮󣬱ͥ񡣲üҾȻҲ⼸ƽƽ
Ϊñ˵ֻһʮ꣬ǸССŮʵ̫ˣСС;ķƾһ˾üҵȻʥ͢ȼĵزʵǸҪǣССҰĲСȻҪʥȨ˼δԣȴóһȴ࿹ܵõ
ȻǸʦġҶһЦȱ
ʦȴ˭Ҳ档µ˵Եįֻһð˻ʥ۷磬ٲˡ
ˡҶ֣Ϊ
Ѿףһλ˧Ҳ԰˻ʥΪأԸΪʥһУͼһ˽
׾ͺá¶οЦݡȻţӦúϧá¹ⱦҲãһսƷκ˿˶뵽ֻһڤʥлɱ֮ӵ׳٣ڶ
ǡҶͷ
־һʥǼ˲£Ҳֻлñȡ˵һʥһߣƶʥ֮á
лʦҶЦ
ȻˣұʾټϻᣬΪӷʥְ˵ֻǳʱֻ²ܵõ̫ߵְ񣬱ͨСΪϡϣպλӣҲš
ʦλӾ˰ɡҶЦ
ҡҡͷλҲġֻʥʷûʵȨҲȥһ󣬷·ػһ飬һжõˡˡ㣬ţȻҵķڵۼãã˺֮Уרѡһ˻ʥǵļ԰Ұ԰ĵϣǿ󣬲裬񼸴ΪȴֻǶȨĺϣܰ˻ʥľ棬վۣ֮𣿡
ʦģ䲻ڴ˷׳ػ㾡ȫҶվֱӣ֣һ
ãܺáοЦˡ
ʱȴһֱɢУ˶ܸӦȴĪܡ
ټλϺ͸ٿϻᣬҶֵܺޱȥ
ôһδٿϻˣһʱʾĪܽ
Īɫأǰ˵ֻ鲻ҵ֪Ѷ󣬶ףֻڴǰ˵ʲôⳤϻᡭ¶ǲ
ȿ˵ɡվȥѾȨƣ˭۸ͷϣҲŵնǰѪ֮ˣɱʥˣȴǼʥҲٲȥ
Ȼȴʾһǿߵİ
һʱҶޱɶΪ۷
ˡתҶ΢΢һЦ㻳СһϢЩҶˡ
ѩӰҶ㽫ѩӰ˳Сһʶ࣬±Ѻõؽֹ˹ŪһŻҶ㡣
СһôϢ¾ȵʡ
ġҶ㽫ȥһ²ɻͷ
˵ʵⶫȫչ¶Ҫزڹؼ֮ʱķ


501 ϻ
ʥе´ʥׯϣ⻬ʯʵΧǽϣһʥĲơӰ˵ģʥˣһʱͻеޱߵ𺳣鲻ԽعڵأС
ܣվһؼ׵ʥߡһĿǿޱ·ǹŴӢ۵ʯ
ףһλׯϵİʥѾڱ֮ϣϣʮˣÿ˶ʥİۣɢһ΢ȶʥâ
ȻǰۣʽװȴͬϵĳŽߣʮ˵ĳǺߡ
µĳߡ
ǱǴ´Ҷޱһǰߣһߴȥ
ᣬƤ⻬𪣬۾峺΢΢ôһĨ˿ڲͬ
ᰡҶ̲סȥ
Ƕñ֮»ӦʵѾһǧ˰ٶˡ㿴ЩϣеĺһѣʵȴСöࡣ
ⱣǾ˰Ҷ㲻ɸ̾
ǰ»ϣڿֱԵһıһڴ϶վ´ʩֻһͷ̧̧֣ǲ
ٿϻᣬΪӦҵĵҶ֮°ɣλ߸ϵĴתͷȴ´⣬ŻӦˡʥ˽ʥ򣬱ֻҪСѧϰλҶȴͬȻǸĵӣȻҪضԴ
ڳʥһʱʥٻ¡һλ䣬˵
ϣҰµġλϣΪŪ嵽һڶԱʹֶΡ
Ҷλϣ¶ĳƺѾ֪ݡȻһԱʱԴŲȴӦΪ֮
ԭˡ˹ȥôǷѾŪˣ
ڤʥʥ򡣡˵ȻĽڵۼѡĲ֮ͼ֮һʥˣǿ֮뱾򣬳䵱ԵϸɼѶԱ֮ġ
ʱλ˿ڡȻ֪мգΪһǰȥӭӣˣҼô֮У
˵ȴ̲סΡ
ҵʧ󡣡վһ񡣡ڴˣʾǸ⡣
Ǹ㹻𣿡ϼؽš
һ𣡡һλüһע̬ȣΪӣѵûʸԸ𣿡
ҵⱾǺõġ˵һҲʱӦ֮ȴû뵽ԷȻɳǿɱ㣬ǿδ㣬ȴΣҵʧ󡣡
һ޺ҧǷŭЦʧ󣿽һʧԽһ𣿵ۼǸļ磬ﾹȻһĲФ֮˵ʲô𣿡
ȷʵ˵µñɱۼաʮǣԭҹĳ֮ǣȴ˭ҳ˯˶꣬ڱΪɣϢȴʹ޷쳼ǣڵǻɣ˵ڤšᣬҲۼͽ£ŹٻϢȴؼթ֮ģҲ飡
㣡һһվˣλȥΣ֮أԼԼֶ
㻹ֶֻ֪Ц罣棬飬㲻ˡ͵ҹУ֮ҲΪͽģθɣûҵĲǣֻĲʲôʲôü˵
һ˵һӲϻֻܵ۾ﴭ
ޱһĻ͵͵Ц
ʱҪˡʱڡټ֮ǰѾ֪䱯ʹȴ֪ڣ˵ΪʥҶҵĹ١ֻʱ븨Լλ϶ܳϯ
Ȼ棬̾һҲȻԸЩȴһӢۣܳɴɺ޵ڤš򣡡
պȻҪġ˵֮˷ŭ
˶٣¶һЦݣҶ㣺ǸڵۼϵĵҶ㣿
Ҷ㳤ƮȻһޱҲæ
λǣʡ
δޡҶ˵
˼ˡĿһҸӦϵʥϢ˵Ƿˡ㵱ʥɳĤ˰ɣ
ǡҶҲ΢΢һЦ
ʱ֪ΪΣ֮ȴڤʥԵشһϣһϵʥȴ١ʱͻ룬֮󻯳һʥ֮Ĥ
ٻ֮·ͬСɣǸҲ١˵ȴʥ֮δһ
һҶ˵ʥ֮󣬴һŻͨ˵ۼǣŽ
ʲô⻰һڣ˶Ϊ⶯ݡ
˵һ飿һλϼеʡ
ʥ´죬һŻδ޴ߡҶ㻺˵
Ϊʥֿȭܽʥ´죿λϼеʡ
°ɣҶһЦּ䣬ޱһʥ֮Ĥ΢΢ʱ룬һƬɵСʥעУԼ뷨֮һѩĳһǽλϡ
էûʲôλǰɡҶ㵭˵
ǴϽӹǽʱʥ뽣Уʱӿһĺ˪˶Χ¶Ϊ֮һ
ʦʦǴŽĿȴҶϣתһļʥ֮УҲֻϽñ˱죬ʥȻӭһλͽ⡭ǡ
һĻڣڻסû˵
ҶѾף˼ʥҲü࿹˲ˡ
ʵʥ֮
ǰֲøλӣȥӭӣԭ
ʦǿǲõ˲Űڷʱ֮˵ãʥȴ仯Ƴʥʥ֮ܣҲܴﵽֿȭľ磬˲е˲Ű
һڴϲɶ۷׷ס
¼λϵķӦ΢΢һЦұʾٿϻᣬ԰ʲôְλȴ׼˵ѾΪ㰲ʲôְ˰ɣ
Ȼģĵӣܵ΢Ц˵Ѿã㰲Ҷѧϰʥʹ֮Լʥĸ֪ʶȹһʱ󣬱㰲һСϡźܿϣǡ
˿λϣ΢΢һЦ
ʱһͻȻüվ
ϣʲô£һλϲʡ
ҶţȻҪԹաһ˵ʲôˣΥʥķɣ˽˽ʥʥģԵСϣδҲûϵֻҪ㹻Ĺ;ˡŮȴʥ򣬲ʥԷ֮˽ʥҪʥ̣


502 
һĻһͼŭҶ㣬͵վñĿⶢסһ
˵Ѿüϣ벻Ҫⷢӡʥ֮ڵķʥмɵƵʥԷ壿ҶֻһǰѾٵˣ
ô븨óδκ˽ʥ֤һ¶Цݡ
û˵ˡ
ȷǸӲˡ
ЩǸʥ˴ӷģЩʥ˶ʥ֮лһλϲһ۱һ۵£͵͵ʥ򣬶һʥ֮ЩʥȻа취ȫʥ֮У˶£ҲȻֲ֡
ҪЩδ˽ʥ֤ݣȴû취ҵ
ǰҶλϵǰޱҲλϵǰ⣬֤ݡ
ǹ֮Ӣְۣλְλû˽ʥȨһЦţǡ
ҴӦġʱͻȻڣ΢Ц
⻰ֱһסˣ
¡˵ұǰˡҶ㲢˽˽ʥ򣬶Ǿҵͬ⡣ֻ֪ʥӦʷɣҲûȨºһȥʥϴϣ㲻Ҫڴˡ
ҡһ֪롣
ЦˣҶͶȴмĿ⡣λߵһЦҡͷڸҶ㲻⡣
ޱŵûʧɫʱŻؿȴЩ£ҲмһЦ
ô˰ɡ˵ȴȥúýʥ֮ʦ֮Ҫˡ
Ӧ֮£ˡµͷ΢Ц
һһһףۿҶƽµ޼ƿʩȷ˽˽ʥһɣڴֵ£˵ʲôѵֵʥǰʱʥҲֻһЦ֮𱸴ǴһȴһȦˡ
ôܸģ
ü䣬ȴĵһλϴȥһ
ͨϢȻһص£Χ˶ʥˣҶǿʥˣСֶȴκˣ˶֮ʱ˵˽һȻ֮˵ʲô֪ڸʲô
ʱڽ̸ȴǸᣬһȴ˲ôˣʱ
λӵĴһֻĿ˸֮һ˿ݼᶨ֮ɫȴԥƬ̣Ȼվ˵²ס
Ŷתϣʲô𣿡
¶²ˡλװһ壬ΣҶ㶼½ʥˣû繦ʱСϵְȻֻǿͷŵʥ˵Ҳǲ
ôϵ˼أɫȻ뿥˵ӦȴûзŹһλϵС
֮Ųɫ뽨󹦣ֻչֳԶ˵Էڣ
󹦣һЦѵɱڤʥ޾֮֮ɲǴ󹦣ɱʥĸֳȻǴ󹦣
ǲͬҡͷֻԱΪһĪһ֮ʥ뱾ңԶҲδǰս뱾Ҳ޽Ӵɱʥ֮ˣȴ˳ޣȷǶԱ֮£ɱ֮й⹦Ҳˡ
˵ţת˿֮²һʱ֮٣죬չȴװ쵽ʥѡ˲ţһҶı£׼
ЦˣͷҲſ˵ȻһƬģôӦɡ
ô׾ʹӦһȴģ˺һۣ֮͸Ŀ⴫ȥҲϺ꣬ҲһѣȻе˼һĿ⡣
ղһҶ㡣
λʲô˼λϡ
Щϲûж⣬Ҳ̲סк棬֪λ֮Ӣ۵״ӣжͣǷ׷׵ͷǿбûκΣյġҶǿҲǿʥϣ͵Ǵ˿СӵĹһ㣬κʧ
Ҷ㣬˼أҶ㡣
ԸܺϵĽ̵Ҷͷ΢Ц
ҲһϵĽ֪Ǵն֮ġҲôˣý󲻸ٶԼκζ⡣
ôðɡͷָֻֻԵĿ飬˫Ҫע⶯ֵķִ硣ΪΨִ磬ֱڴбԡҶ㣬Ī˵ҲǷϵʥߣͺϽʣúѧѧĿưɡ
ǡҶͷ
˴ʥʥʥĵط˭ĵӣҲƻһȴԱ֤˫ֶأԷ˺
һ򶨣̨ף˴Ŀյϣͬ鳤߰ЦҶ֣ˣǵϢ˵˱ǵˡ
ǡҶ㹧һͬһŵһ㣬˺վ
̫ˡҡҡͷֻµʱҵķķʹʹǱ㲻ˡ
лҶ㹧ػӦ˳֮Զ
롭ͺöˣͻȻ͸һĨ׺֮ɫǴ˲ͱһʥӿ𣬷·һϲţЩڿ趯ȴһһڼ׵ɾԳаľ޳ݣһ
СģǺǿķüͷһ壬ʱҶ㴫һ
Ҷ㶢ǾԳӦžԳϢĿȴƵ˺ϡʹһз֮ʱȫⷨԳΪһ壬һҲھԳ֮ϣһԳʱֱӵߵķȴǳ˺һǿķ
ʱ˵ĿȴеҶϣȲҪһڷкξ֮Իɱڤʥ֮Ӻʥ֡
Ҷϵʥӿһ㲼⣬ֻô΢΢ظţûκξ˵ı仯˸оֻǳķʹ֮
λ߲΢΢üһǵͺһּɣ͵ȵҲ硣ҿܻɱλ֣ҪĪ֮ɣ
ºһһۣһȴһ¡µĵλ󣬿˭ֻ֪һľ֧ʥ˵ģʵȨ˭ҲȲϣҲûԼһʥӵܣ
֣ݺݽѵ´ȥһ
˵棬˶ӦһȻ֪Ҷ㶣ʲôҲ벻Ȼôһݻ
ҶЦˡȴ뵽һȥ
ʱǾԳ͵طһһʱںڵϢ﷭ţǾ޴ͻȻ缲һض˲Ҷ˹޴һţֱҶȥ
Խκһ岢ǿķϵʥֱĳ࣡
һ¶һ˿ЦݣֻſҶѪ
üҶɫ糣ȴֲ֮ġͨǿʥϵķ
ʱҶЦˡֻſڷһЦܾʱһӿһ۳һֱӷȥ磬ѸޱȣʱͽǾԳ˸ʵ


503 ʥּ
˭ҲûϵҶô죬ֻһ˲䣬ųһ
һϵЦһסˣʵ벻Ҷ㾹ȻǿķʥȻңԶȴӦʵ𺳡
ϵɫҲһ䡣ǾԳͷŵķķظӦĿ¡£ʱٶȼǿоԳ͵طҪơ
ϣɲͨҶ΢΢һЦϿɲס
ˣҲһչĻᣬ㻹Ϊˣߣǿװ򶨣ϣסҶˡ
ϲظһᡣҶ㵭˵֪ԶʤңҪӱŬųɡ
˵ţĿһ֮䣬ʥ͵޴ʹǾԳҲʵĺڼֱӱ÷ɢǾԳƤҲһ߽⣬ƴŭںϵĿ·ӳǿ
ȫûôʥǿȫһµ֮У޴屻÷ɳ˲ɢ
ϻջֱҲ漰ʱſ³һѪʱҶȴѾٴοڷһȣӽʥ
ʱһӽ̾質֮һ½ϰΧǿµ壬Ҳ飬һּȵĿ־֮УȫԡѪһ±÷˳ȥֱͦͦˤڵϡ
еĴ϶סˣͬľһվؿŵڵϵĺϡһһӦƴشţ󵨣ôӣҶ㣬㾹ȻɱʥĴϣ
ȱ𼤶ҶһĿͬһ鲻ԽغһҲ亹
˭˵ɱ˺ϣҶ˵ֻûϵϵĵֿôȻѡģûȻ˲ᣬúҽΣһҲͺˡ
ɫأȴûгԳҶ㣬ǷӶ˺ߣִ̽ںϱƬ̺վ΢΢ͷֻˣһЩҩٺúձλõġˣ̧ȥúҽΣ
ʱؼ׵ʿ̧˳ȥ
Ҷ㣬㷽ŵҶ㣬ʡ
ǵġҶ˵ͷ
˰˵һȻԽ۳ʵ֮ΣֹɲѰôⷨģ
֮¹ⱦٹң˱֣ȴ˲һзҶ˵Ҳû뵽ô󣬷һ룬һǿߵ϶ʮٱң֮뽫¹ⱦȡȴû£ֻºϡ
װ̾Ϣһȴ˵ȥȴ˼ֻƾԼ֮ͽϼһˣʥʱҪ
һڴ㿴ңҿ㣬ھ֮࣬ȴҲ̲סΪҶʵ۷΢΢ͷ
ϣ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡һϴŵЦݡ
ҡ˵ʲôһ֧ţֲúҶ㶯ֵġΣҶվڽ֮гֲ֪أʥĴϣ㲻ҲܲĹͰɣ
˼أһ⡣
ûʲô˼һһһɴˣ
Уʲô֣ʱ΢ЦҶ㡣
ʥôһλǿʦѾ£ʦȻǿ׻һλʥϣΪЦŹء
һʥڶӽʥҶ㹧ӦܴӿϸоƣλȷʵǰϧԼĲŻ
ããҲáͷ˲ţʥӦľӢҾ
δ˵꣬ȴ֮ʥ͢ʹߵ
΢΢üûн˵ȥǸվ˵룡
Ż򿪣һݵڼλ׳ı֮£ڡۿ֮е۾ʱһļµĹ⣬·ԷĹĹ
ݼݼݼλߡһһܵȴ
ʥʹˣҪʥּ֮Ǵʡ
ȻֻǴȴѾõʥʵͬ⡣ʥʹ΢΢һЦЦô䡣
뽲һͷ
ʥֽյˣǱֵ֮ʣȴȱ֣ҪһλˣʥѾͬˡʥʹ˵
⡭Ȼûϵ£üͷ
ôѵˣѾΪźְ񣿡ʥʹװԾ
ûУһʱȴؽֻǸոտı¶ѣȷʵһ˲õ˲š
ˣȷȵˡʥʹЦ˵Ѿʴְ֮ƹڸһ飬ǲ͵ְλܽӴǴ强֮ˣܴΣֻڳгΪ˲õĴء
ȴǸĵӡ˵
ǲڸΪٰʥʹЦ˵
Ҷ㿴һǵ⾢ٿʥʹһ˼ҪߵľͷȴЩʲôȻ֮ǹڻԷҪԼÿɡһĽɫֻ֪СУȴʹôһ֡
Ǳ˴࣬Ҫ潫Լߣʱ±Ǳ޳Ī޷άԼǾͿ֯ʱǸԼŪ֮Ҳ׾֮¡
ϿȴǸĺôһʥܸ߹ٵǻ־СˣֻʱͻᱻȥԼʦ
Ҳͬأʥʹ˵
˵ʲôʥʹûҶ˼ɴ۾
˵Ҳʲôڸ󣬵ʲô߹١Ҷ㻺˵ֻʦԣúѧϰʥ֮
ˣҪ̫ˡʥʹһԸ㣬㲻ҪƲԳԷơ
ʲôҪҵĵӣҪʹҡվǰʥʹʱһȻǸҵ¡
²Ǹ˼Ц˵
Ҷҵĵӡ˵ҵĵӣȱˣԴӱ𴦳ѡ˻ʥ֮ڣҲãҲãӢ֮ȫʥĵӣѡ˿áҶ㣬ԸߣҲ뿪
Ǵ࡭ʥʹڼš
죡ʱһģɢɱʥʹ
ҪˣԵǰ˵˵ҵҪǷôܽҵߣ
һʱš
ʱͻȻִ֮ʥ͢ʹߵ
˶һô˸ʥʹ
֮ǰλʥʹҲһ֪ôһ¡ȴһͷ룡
ʱŴ򿪣һλʥʹڼλʿĴӵ˽ǰһλʥʹһͷ˵һ仰ת˿
ããλߺá·ʥּ֮
ʥʽ̻塣ʱɫվֱӣˣλߣ򹧾ع
ʥӷʥδʥ򣬱ɱڤšʥǿи֣֪ѵ˲ţãʥĺˣطʥҶΪ򽫾׼ڻʳڽ콫լ
ּ⴫ﵽ˶Уȴ˶ԾС


504 ʥ
򽫾ظţȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬΢΢˵ͷһ¡ʥʹӦǵСȴҲֻװʲôҲֻ֪΢ЦŵӦ
ӵ֮µһЦҶ˵㣬лʥ¡
ҶףȻͬ⣬±ضԼǰлʥʹ΢Цͷˣ󽫾׼պؾְ
أһڴ϶΢΢ü
ǵУҶоһʲôõط˿ºͿı飬ûʲô仯Ҳûбʾ飬ֱӵͷӦʡ
ǰһλʥʹһʼɫʱȴָֻʣ֪Ҷβû̵ôҪùһ㣬ǺЦ˵Ȼʥʸ⣬ּⷽҲûʲô˵ˣȥظࡣ
˵ŹΪȥʥʵʥʹǸǶȥһڴ߱
ʥһҪǱȻȥˡ´ʱ˵
ãߡòػӦ
Ҷޱص˸Уһޱ̲סʣǰʲôطΪʲôЩһطͶüͷأҸоƺʲôȥɣȻǸʹôҲЦ
ȷʵʲôõطµͷ΢ЦǷֶ˭ԡ˵ȴǸҵĺȥЩֻ֪֮Σգȴ֪Σ֮вдҲ˼Բ֪ͬ¡ʥּ֮ҺʹҲջּ⡣
ﵽкգҶʡ
λ򣬸һƬռ䣬ȴʥ޾ۼ֮ء˵ǰĴս֮󣬰˻ʥʥ޵㣬ֻʣºСһ֣ȻķܣΪԭʥ޵ûӣϼ٣ʥѾ֡
ôޱȻʱ仹㹻׳𣿡
ڵ⣬Ѫͳ⡣˵ʥ޵ʥ˲࣬ǧңʥʮʱѾ죬ʥȴҪӽǧʱܳ죬ſԷܺ
ô˵ֻܵڽ֮ʱſԷһҶҲһ
µͷʥ֮ԶʥˣʥΪǿߣתһ֮ȴǹƽޱȣϲƼáԽǿޣһ̥Խ٣߳ϣȴһһѡ
ȷȴޱҶ㶼Цˡ
ˣȷʵʥ޵ķܡҶ˵
ˡ˵ʥ֮ΪǿߣȻޣս֮Ҳ޲սս֮бܼϹݺʧʥһʧ޴󣬸ʣ޼еȻԺӴȴȫǴޣ޷зܣֻۿ壬Ȼ޴Ϊòн׷ֳʹһһѪͳˡֵʹŭ֮ȴתƵϣЩʥֻΪΪ壬ʹȴǶϾʱˣݳȻѾˣ֮ȴγ˻Ĵͳʥһ壬Ҳǵӣ䲻ڳΪˣȴҲͬİ·
ô˵ҪΣձˣҶʡ
ˡ˵ǱҪȴˡ
ˣޱһ𣿡
࣬ǰɡµͷ岻ͬûָ߹ѪͳǡЩʧȥޣֲֵʥޣ塭
ɫһ죬ȴ˵ȥˣֻһЦװɣ
⡭ޱʱûףϸһ룬ɫҲô
ǳıܰɡҶ̾˿ôЩ˵ǿ𣿡
Ҳȫǡ˵Ȼ˵ʥ޵ĺ̳ʥ֮ǡ֡ӵǿģȴҲ࣬ǵսʿȴҪֻѡԶˣȻҲ˵˼ߣȴ볣˲̫ԶΪǡ֡ûаʴǣֻɱ¾Ϊ֣ʥ͢ΪͷʹĴڡǵĵ̣λ֮Уضͨ·ʥ͢Դֻʥַ͢ǣǱǿʥ޴ڣ⻼ȴϾ˼
˵ĴɣҶʡ
أ·ʡ
ȷʵǴҶͷ˵ƽ壬ܽڱ߾شʹǲϮǣҲǴһ
аգʡ
ʮաҶһЦһᾡ
ϲǰ˵󻰵ˡµͷһжҪжȴסġϧǺȴԡ
̾˿
ʥ֮һս֮ʱǼҵȽҲԳһç⣬ǼҷҲֱǰ¡˵ȴһģ緽ţ˵֮ҫȴܵǱߺıҪ㡣εأһҲҪСġ
ʦġҶ΢΢һЦڷǾһ·߹ģЩ뺦ҵˣȴѾˡ
ıãҪ˵ޱͱȥˣҵߣҲӦĪͬȥһĸ֣ܰ㡣
ǾͶлʦˡҶһͷҵޱһȥ
ΪΣ㲻İΣʡ
ʥ򲢲յĿꡣҶ˵ޱΪʥˣʥ¸׳Ϊ˵Ŀꡣս֮УޱͻƼޣһûᣬҲΪֵĽޱĻᡣ
ãδޣȻ˵㡣һЦ
ģһȡޱ˵
ҶҲЦˡ
ʱܿȥҶ㵽ְӡԽ͵˾޴ɫռǰʮʥеķϵʥ߾ۼһ𣬹ͬǱŽŻ򿪡
ĪܴʮȫװսʿҶǰҶһ񣺡Ҷܸ֮ұ׷ˡ
ʲôġҶ֣Īֿңֵܰɡ
ðĪҲˬˣʱЦˡ
ʮǿˡָʮ˵ǵʥ뷲䳬ʮ۷֮䣬ǵ˷䣬ݺܵеĽɫɸˡ
أҶʡ
ҵ˵ֻһȺѡһЦ˻ᰵкңȴûһеңΪҵĵλã˿ģ£ʥҲãʥҲãܵʧʱŭɲǺġ
˵ţ˿Щ˵ֻûʵȨǸңȴעҪڹмįһȥȴǸǽҵĻᣬж˵úء
ĪʱһɫȥʮʱҶֱվã빰֣Ը׷潫
ҡĪЦţҲ֡
ҲţҲòʲôݡ˵Ҳ͸ʹðɡ
˵һ֣ǵž󳵱Ҷǰ
лʦҶҲһЦ䣬㽫ޱ˳ڡĪֱ˳λϣҶߡʮսҶһռŻ
һСġ¶ţ˵м¡һƬʥۼ֮䣬ΪĴڣʹʥ͢Ͼ˼һƫԶܴͨͨԵۼҲǴһ
֪ˡҶһͷĪܴǰŻ֮УתۼһңԶһϵһʥ֮ڡ
ɫŻʥ֮УʮλšҶһ֣һλŰ۵ķϵʥӭ˹
ȴصһʥֵλϵʥ߱ǸСϡҶʺ֮ɳ·ʹߣݳضȥ
Сʱ֮һž޴һ޴Ҫ֮С


505 
Ҫһɳ̵صĹ㳡ϣҶҪĴ󽫾ְʥнְϽǴ󽫾ȻǽҶֻǽ˶Էһ˶ԷеȨ
ҶĵҪĴ󽫾ûбֹĹעֻǳҶ˵ͷˡ
һš
ɳ㳡һ̵ء޴ľ׮ǰһͷ̨ľ׮ࡣͷ̨ɢһµĻϢȻʥʥϢҶϸӦǶͷõĵУȴʥ֮С
ΪֻһʥļֵҲߣ˵
̨һͷʬ壬ǰʮԴǰʬߣѺһ۵̨ǰ̶ϡ
ޱⳡ棬ɫЩ԰סҲɱ˵ǿߣɱ޵ֿˣЩܲˡ
󽫾Ѻ˴ţǲǵĴǵĽһߣЩΣ
ɱ󽫾˿û˼ֻǼ򵥵һʱƹܵлصҪ»أն˵Դ
һķŭŲʵĹ⣬ȴûжپ֮⣬Ҷӡ
󽫾ǰһ񡣡һ䡪˷˺ֹҪɱ֮ɣ
ʲô󽫾üҶ㡣
ҿ˲Ƶɱ֮ˡҶ˵
ۣͬȥһ֧˶ȷ棬һ˹δֿɢӣʮӱȻɱ󽫾Ҫ˿Ҷŵʥݣѹס˻Ҷ
˼ΪԼ˵ʱǲûӣȫǧ˶Կ˵Ķɱֻʣ˰ٶˣʱȴִĽܵӰˣǰҪƴɱʱ˵ԮǱѾӵ£ּսֻʣǼʮʱŲò롭
סڣ󽫾һüӱӱʲôɣ
ôһλأҶѹŭʡ
Ϊ˻Ԯ󽫾˵ȴӱ
Ҷ㿴λ󽫾˲Ѿ˴ǸʲôҲһǵһλʥʹΪλΪԼ򽫾ϲ
Ȼصģǵˡ
ΣıԼĵоΧ֮£ȫƴɱӡҶ˵¿󽫾һᣬǴ
ôӡ󽫾Цһ
󽫾¿ȥʾʥĪʱ̲סˣһв֮⡣
Ҳء󽫾ЦˣǼʮӱҾ͵ҶһҶ˵أҪҲȱЩ·֡ӱ˱ߣʣ¶ʮˣȫҶɡ
˵һ֣ǿƻصʱ֣ͣȥӱѺҶǰԺһУʣµĶʮѺ˹
лԶͷ̨ϽҶǰʱȥȴ
ʲô֣ҶӦȴĪܴʮ£Ǹ֮ġ
˸˹ش
лʱǶʮӱҲдһءһжίͲʡ
Ҷʩһ㽫Щʿһ֮䣬ѾӦЩʿǳʮҵľ磬ȴ˸˺ܶ࣬˸ھпְλ
Ǹ˸
ҶһͷЩʿ˵ǽߣɸ˸ͳ졣ɱ֮£㾡ȫҿǱ֤в֣߳ˣұ󣡵Ҳ뱣֤δʱǱҪƴս׹Ұ˻ʥ˵
ǣʮսʿһ
һȺüһĪܵ˵صĴ󽫾ǸͿѪ֮ƴɱģǾоӢȻˡ֪úãȴɱ޴
ҶһͷתǴ󽫾һ֣󽫾˵ҳҪʲô˼
յ󽫾óһҶҡҡм²ⱣŴνػĸ磬ɱѹƽ֮ҵˣͷҶĪˡҶҲǾ⿼֮٣Ҫúɲǡ
ߥ޴ĹĪܴһҶ㡣
޷ҶӦΣ֮Уش
شҶֻһ졣һְ̣쵽򽫾ӡţһ֧Ķ顣˲ֻ࣬ˣ󽫾˵˻ʥıԲ㣬øֶ˵ϣߵ¶ңٴ󲻹УصıҲ㡣
Ҷ㵹Ҳ֡ͨ˸Ѿ˽⵽˸֮ǰλǴһˡھгҲдţ˲Ÿѵ£ȴܳͷЩӢµսʿ
ˣͳҲһ֧˵Ķ飬Ҷһ϶ߣ쵽˾㲻ˡ
Ҷ㽫֧鼯¿һ£ֻݡ֧УʵǿҲǳŽ׵ĳ̶ȣǳߡ˽ҵӣ˵ҲǱƽǿ㡣
ĶȥǵԺɨһ򣬵ʥ֮ȴȫûʲôôһԺǺܺõģ̸ɱУʵ̫
ֵܣʲô㣿ĪܿĶ飬üͷֱ壬˽Ҷ㡣
ǻʥ˸Ķʮλսʿ𣿡ҶһЦ
ɹ⿿ǲɵġĪеż
ǰ˸Ҳǵ˵˵Ķ飬ǧˣǿ֮˲ʮˣֻǡҿɲˣֻսǰû尡
޷ҶһЦЩٲãҲһúѵҲδزΪһ֧ŵùĶ顣¾òǣ˵Ҳԡ
Ѿмƽˣ˸ʡ
Ȼķ𣬶ԷԴβҲǹв֢ı棬Ҫҵڵԣʱĸ£̽һ̽ԷʵҶ˵Щ˵ֱӽǵϳǸ֮һӵԴҪѡϺģȻһǿķȽǵĶװã˵ַ֮°ɡ
ֻ˺ʱʱǱ߻˵ֻǷʥ͢Ī˵
ֻҪʤ̻һж⡣ҶһЦʥҲãҲãȨ֮жͬһֹĶǷȴѾϰˡңұزһԿ
潫ԿҵҲκԹԡ˸˵ʮֵܵģҪҲ޶
Ҷҡͷ׷ҵ˵õôñȱ˸ҸζԵ׷߶ҵΣǷİɣüҵĻñһ֮üˣΪʥĴ֮һжѵ᲻𣿡
ǾͷһİɡޱѩӰԱ˵
ټ飬Ǽ̳Ҷһ֣Ī˸ʱֱͦӣӦȥʱ֧ٶ˵ĶѾ
Ҷ㲢ûж˵ʲôֻǽԼ򿪣ٶսʿС
ʥ˵磬ȴװͬʥˣװʥߣȴȫû⡣磬һСִĽָɣǽָҲʥȻΪǿȴʵһ㣬һ˴Уȴֵֻһ֮ϣκβϰߡ
һ˰úúҶʥݣ뿪ضȥ
ǳţ»ʱصĴ󽫾ҪߵϣҶȥһЦ
Ϊ֮ʲôطκʥ˵Ƕռ䣬ҾܻŻҲһַһ


506 ʯ
ʥ֮ͬһ㼲۶һȻ֮ϡ
µҶݡ
֮ڣЩжʮӵǻЩж磬ǡ䡱
ڡ䡱ʥ֮ȷķɣκ˶Խ벽ЩȨҲˡ䡱Ǿ޴ĲƸÿһ䡱磬ʥ֮жԼרˣ֮⣬κҲԽǡ䡱ܷǡ䡱һС
Υ߱ǻҲ⡣
ʥźڵʮ򣬱µĳ磬֮⣬κҲȾָҲˣʥźսŲûʥ档
Щ磬ֲͬ磬֮ȣķֱһƶϴĻشЩḻ˲űʥ͢һȨĳ硣
ʮ˸磬ʥȴκ˶ø磬ֻΪǿ˲ŸΪܳʥﶼˣʮ˸ȴɲκ˶ռ
ûǻ磬ҲǸΪ࣬˶ʥǿ٣ɼԼ֮
֮һƬ֮Уе磬ûκһκʥˣҶ㵱Ȼ롣
һ磬֮һΪӦ
⣬ɽҲдС࣬γѭһЩȫҶ߼ķ飬Щ棬һ޴ޱȣ༫ǿǻȴΪ¡
Щ׾ľޣҶַһЩСޣֻٹǧ֮˵ЩС޲ͳߡ棬˵ЩС޻ѧ֮ΪһǿҲ˵
ʱѾʥ֮һʥյ֮ٲʥƣǿɽҲǸԺӣ֮֮Ƭ̼ͿԵ
ûãҵ˼ֱ֮ɼ֮һװ磬뿪
һ·ϸӦĸϵϢ֮ȴҵһȫʯɵӦʯһҶȴӦڲɢһ
򲻼򵥣
Ŀһʱݳ֮ϡ
ȥһƬؼʯͷʯͷκαĶҶϣĿһʯɨȴȵطʯͷ̺ĳЩʣɢͬѰ
߱磬ǿڣѡϵһɽ壬̧֮һץɽʱѿõʯʷ׷ױɳɽڲһ޴ľʯȴҶץ˳
Ǿʯ޴ޱȣһɽҶӦ⾧ʯϲ⣬ͷþʯľʯ뷲䣬ҪΪرˡ羹ȻıΪȴ˲ɼ
漴ȴҡͷԳһЦʥ˻ðյѰĵر
תһ룬ȴЩ˷ܡ֮ڣﶼ˿ȻǱأԼմ˴ǶһʲƸ
ͷ֮䣬Ҷһ޴ֱӽǾʯΧѹս֮ʮɼһ鷽ʯ֮ڡ
ɽ壬ﻹкܶ࣬Ҷ۳Ŀ鷽ʯ㡣֪ʥ˿Ǻıע֮֮۳һֱӴڲþⲿ֮УҲһ޴ķ
ˣʥ˽ʱЩʱ֣֮֮أô
ʱе˶˳һƬƽ̹ҵ֮ϡ
ȻûҲûп˺ʥ˵ں֮ṩһ֮ޱȻʥˣһҶţҶѡأǾʯ֮һҲǳһȴͨЩҪĿ
ֵܣǡĪܲҶ˼̲סʡ
鷳Īֺ˸ˣڴҶ˵˵زʺ棬ʱϵʥ֮߱޷ȴõ֮ء
˸ͷЩСı䣬Ҳֻв˲ǿвǸ֮ܵΣգã
ҶˡĪһͷ˸ЩսʿǴÿʼ
ޱҲڴ˺úҶתޱ˵ޱһͷȴҶһǿʢĵطʼѩӰߣһ죬ֻ´ŵ
ҶЩʿֻƽʱһһĪܺ˸ʼ󡢶ԿʱģһеΪܼʱز
΢΢ҡͷ֪֧ñǿֻҪߵ·̫̫Զ۾ֻԼȴЧ
нǲɼ뾧ʯһ̧֣֮һʥݺսΧϽ֮ۻܡǾǿ֮뾧ʯںһ壬γһݵҺ塣
ר־ϴĥһҺٶѹȻֽ⿪һһţٲʥ죬ݻһ׵ס
һʱ֮һ龧ʯһ㱻һ׻ɫսףÿս֮ϲ޹װΣҲʵȴΪɹۣɢһǿԶΧ֮ȴһ׷ס
һĪܡ˸еı䶼סˣһ˲ߣҶǰһ׸ŵ׷
ǡʲô£˸е㷢Ȼֿȭһһ׷һ׷
ʥ𾪵ʦĪܲ޵˵ţüҵĻñƽɫ
ô˵ʵҲûҶ֮ôһʱڱսףҹؼûκߣԼ̫֮ǿˣ
ʲô˸תͷЩ䶼һմ״ؿҶ㣬ʱĽǣγҵǰҪŬս
ĪȻʥˡǸ֣ȴδھдԸı£ȴò˸ʱҲһæ£ȴ˸Ϊһ֮˸Ը˸Ϊλʥʵ߾ֻԼĪôദɴΪģ֮˱ֵܣһСٲȻòӡ
Ҷһ֣ʱɵһ߿оţȡһ鷽ʯٴ졣һʱ֮ǰ
ʱȥѾΧС
һΣȡһ龧ʯºʣȫȴֻʮס
֮ģȴֻʮףʮ֮ǿ֮ţɼһߡҶ˰ʱŽʮһ֣ЩױɢĪ֮ϡ
Ҫװȫ˸̲סһ͵һ˵
װȫɻһסĪ˵
Ȼһˡ˸ЦʥˣͽһĴȻҪֶ˵ЩɶǱʮףʤЩ˾۲ԴӾûλôֱʣ÷׽Լıȫװأ
˵ţȴƿձ䣬Īܺ˸ɫͬʱһ䡣
ˣ˸ҧ


507 ʥ
֮УһӿһŻһ֧˵ĴŻֱ˳
Щǧϣ䲢ǶշУܷе˻ɷ˱ţŲ֪ķйޣԿֱ˶¡
Ҷ̧ͷȥֻЩ˸߰ò㲻ͬ߾ɣȴ红ͯһ㣬һ׶Ѫ񡣴ʱһλŻ޵ĸߴ˴֮£һХȴԼ˹
ö౦ö౦ͷ˶סҶЩף̰ĹâˣҵܺɨһУΪǿľӣ
Щһƾˡ
Щ˴ӦǿϢսʿʱȴδսӣ̲סҪܡ֮һƬȴ޴ӡ
ӣ󣡡˸һǶʮʱжվã˴η塣
ͬηģĪܺʮʥ
Ҷ㿴սʿ΢΢ҡͷ֪ЩȫɲóһսֻܿԼʮɡ
ȴҲ¡
ЩȻ˶ڣȴûʥ˼졣ͷˣʵҲʮ۷ʥмӣʥʵ൱
ʣµǧˣҲﵽ˳˽ףڶ࣬۳ɺһ㣬ʮֿ¡ͨʥ˼ˣҲֻʱӡ
Īܡ˸Ҷһ
ڣʱֱͦӣӦ
ֽҾȣȽ֮ȫɱˣη˺󣡡
ǣͬʱش
Ҷһ֣ʮҾʱԶ˶ȥ˸첿һԭվãϡ
һʱӿһɹǿЩ׶Ƿӵо޴һؼ֮һӵз֮ܡ
ĪܿԼҲףʱǿ˷ܵصͷԴǣȴҪǽҵ֮ãҪúϧȫɱУ
ǣʥش
ҲҪۣͬ˸Īܽ˾ҲĶŲ¸Ŵ
ɱĪܴһһֱӭǻˣȭͷһ֮䣬Χȭϣһȭʱһ˰ɳľǹһ´˶֮С
ǹޱȣһ±㽫ʮֱӴ̴ײɳɢĵཫΧ֧飬ֻһǹ֮ɱʮǿˡ
ЩδԾǹﵽŽסʮ׵ˣȴʹǿס˾ǹӵһԡ
ϣ˸Īһȭ֮в¶һ˿Ľʥ˵ҺʱҲӵʱݺǧ֮Уɱεȵ磡
ʱĪѾֻ˵Ĵ֮Уȭƴ󿪴֮ʣ˲ҽűɱ֫Կ£·һѪꡣ˸ҲֻСĵʮˣһգһ֧аĶ飬ζȴһ
ۼЩ˷ӳ޴սɱѪɣȴôˡ֮࣬ڵѪȴҲĽ֮ģҲһЩһ㣬ݺɳɱЩɶˣһصӢ۵ζ
ǵĿ⣬ͶҶ㣬ͶǸڿеҾ
ããʱ˵ͷǾȻʥˣʥ˰ңң
ĺͻȻִһƵŻһɸߵŻ֮һģȻһǧˡ
ʥˣ˵Īܣ¶ȵı顣Ϊλʥڴˣ
漴ȴԶҾʱ¶̰֮ɫ촽ЦѽѽȻô෨ıףװҵױ飡ɣ
˵ţ͵Ҷ˹ȥһǧˣһ·ս֮ϣսţһĪܶԿ
ĪܴʱȴҲЩˡ
ʱȭƲɵ˹Ǻ߱ϻɱʣµȴȫʮ׵ǿߡʮǿߣһʮҲǺںǿȴ֮ڣ
ʱ˴ǧ˴УаʮǿߣİʮˣȻʥҲǿ֮ȴǸоЩˡ
һλʥٳʮΧ֮£ҪȻסʤ֮ȴ죬ֻбľһֽ֡
ʱǿԷ֮⣬ȭԶоһȴʾԼη֮飬ᶯҡģȴΪ
ҶҲ΢΢һЦôçײԼʥ˱ֱ󡣲ż㣡˵һ֣򿪣ɸߵʥҫ𻨣͵һзһ³һڵһ˴֮С
δֻ֣һ³ʱ˱ײ΢ʮ˱˽̿
ʥֱӳ嵽ĪܵߣֱͦһС͵ɽһ㡣Ҷ㷨ǣ֮¶һȭκҲһȭֻҪȭɨһ㣬ʱɽ̿
Īܵѹʱᣬɳһһٴγȭ
ʲô˱Ҷ㣬ʥ֣ȴʱͣʥ
ʥȻʥƬ̺ǿʥǱҵõʱܺɨ£ðð
ЦȻ͵תҶ㣬ЦſץʱһʥڿлһֻԲֱҶ㵱ͷҪС
ʥҶ㵭һЦȻһֻʥˣá
Ȼ䣬Ŀһ͵ؽȭͷһȥʱһʥһȭ𣬴ϵɲǣֱӽ÷飬ʥĹ㣬ɽķ
ǿȻҲʥˣ˹ֽһ
ĽҶѴһˣȻҴ򱾽⣬ȡ
Ǵ֮ݻ۳һʥһΣһһ±㽫ס˹ֽƴȴ޷йʥľ
ʥҶ֮£͵һʱе˵Ƥ⿪Ѫۣ޴ʹʹİ漴ת˷ŭҷſҪǧ˺Ƭɳſſ
Щ˴ɱɱһУȳ
ڴ֮Ȼһʱûа취Ҷ˵ǣȻԼǰȴԼȴʥ׳ҵ
ɲ֮䣬һԽңԶǿգֱ˻ʥ֮ڣµ֮С
ʦҴһۼǵŻҪһ廯ɵߣɰʥ֮׳ҵ
ãҪʲôȥʦȤȴҲǽɲţκ˸ľٶʦ
µᶨɶҡ
ãҶЦһʥ͵ӿ𣬴ԽǿգֱѪͨļ硣Ƭ֮䣬ҵ֮ڣ͵ؽʥһӲ֮γһŻֱƿֳ˵۶һ֮
㣡ʱУҶͥһдͻȻŻ򿪣Ҷ׳֣ɶޱȣϲ֡
磬Ҫ۽ʥ򡣡Ҷ˵ԽǿԽãȴʺϡʥ֮еλȹ̣ٴһɡ
˵һ֣һĪֱӽ۲һС
лˣۻһ˲֮ϡ


508 ۶
Ҷ㽫ޱӵڤʥǿʱʹһʥ
˴νˣȴȫͨŻⲢΪҶΪʱҶ㣬ʥġٻ֮С
Ҳ˵ʱҶ㻹ʥʥˣֻһٻ;е׼ʥˡʱûմȾʥϢҲ޷ͨǱ鲼ʥ֮ʥʥܷӵĳЩ
˵һʥʵǱ˷ѵˣȵڣôֻҪۼǵˡҲͬ⣬ұҲٱ׷飬ʱдŻκԵۼǴߡ
µЦ˵ɫͨ죬ȴһ㡣µĻ˵һʥüԼž۵ļһɵҲɵÿ׿ɰ
ҶѾȫⱾ£Ȼױ㽫۽
㣬ģŻر֮ǰҶͥ˵һнң㲻õǣޱúʥչǣ
ҶֳһЦмص˵ͷʱŻѾʧȥرա
ʰůҶɫһֱñ䡣͵һ̧֣һʥͽ۲ȴǿʼۡ
ܵԼ屻Ҷľ߽⣬۳ʱһűһҧҶ㴦ãţҪСΣСʱΣΪȥҲĸԸ
ҶȴЦˡܸӦ۵ĻԲԣҲܲµֻΪԼ潫߽⣬˵ֺ֮ԡҡͷЦ㲻úˣСȴǺ㣬Ǵһʥ֮ܽʥ֮У
ģ۾ϲ쳣ͷһȫƾ
ҶҲٶ˵ʲôһۣһ߷Ӿʥһºݺ𶯣ֱӻΪ˵ڣ˷һУڵػ֮ȫĸɾ
ʱҶȴһɢʥΧˣ
ۣʥ֮еһλ죬ձãұΪ˳֮ռ壡
ǣһ˳Ҷָһ»һƬɸߵΧһ֮С
ҶʥϷԭҰеǧֱӹɱȥ˵һɱ˸ɾ
ʱ˻ʹϷɾȴȫֹһ㡣
ԭҰ֮УҪ۳ΣҶȴֹʹԭҰջΪһ壬Ƚ֮飬ȫһԭҰǲɹ
˵ţǿʥתƬ̼ͽ˵ԭҰ𣬶ٽһµԭҰȫںϡ
ɲǼ䣬˵嶯ȴһ֮ȫںһҲı䣬ԽԽۡ
仯ûʹ̬ȫ׵תۣǱ˽֮һ̬һˣϸĿȴ塣
һõµ壬۱Բסһ˷
֮ǰʮ۷壬Ȼʥȴӵһʥʹʥ˵Ĵ󲿷ʵʥҲûʲô𣬶˵ҲѾʥˡ
л֮࣡ʱҶȥĳ⡣
ɡҶһ֣֮ʥҲΪǵ֮ÿǿߵںϡκˣȴ޷쵽һ㡣ֵ֮ʣúҳ㱨ˡ
ǣٹһʱеսˣҪҹɱһ
ȻЩˡҶ㵱һָ
ãһͷ͵طֱЩ˹ȥʱȭͷһ֮䣬һݺȵľ޴һ·ʮ֮Զ˾֮Уʱɱʮߡ˽׵ˡ
ҾȻôǿһ漴Ц͵һ³֮УȭɱһѪɡ
һ±ˣۼԼ˽һƺʲôԣûףȻǳ֣ȴʼɱǣɱǽп죬ֲһ֡
ⲻⲻʱͷˣˣ칥칥
ź֮һ۹˹ȥ
Цһ¶һۣҶѹͶ֮һֱŰյɣ֣һӵôǿϲһʱҲ֪󿪴ϵعɱһȭȥ㽫ͷֱӴѪ
ŽһģȻ޼᲻ݣʱҶսʿһҾʱ˹һǵϡ
һǱʱӦϾ޴ҷԭҪԼϷάת֮ʱȴԴԴϵӿ壬ٲԼȴ
ϲ֮£еĴս⣬һҶ㣬п֮ɫ
ǸҶһɱнߣպܵõĺôҵ߲Ҫų򣡡
˵ţȷһӽʥֱӴ˲㽫ʮֱ߽ɳ
ۼҶ¶ʵЩսʿǲѪڡʥ֮Ȼʲôŵ䣬Ҳһ֮ˣбн֮ģɱ֮⣬ʱһ𣬸ҶһϤҾһ˳ɱȥ
ҶʼߣָɱУһǿˣֽ֮ɱˣȴսΪʵսսʿǵս
ޱҲ󣬻ѩӰһ±仯Ϊ޴ǣѩӰ֮ϣһɱȥ
Ҷ㡢ĪܡۣʥˣѩӰʥһȫʲôǣټʥԶʥȴЩʥʥ޻Ҫǿһֵλʥˡݣεǿ
ǵĴ֮£ٶսʿȻǧȣԵȴݺɨûκ˿Եֵ
Ҷսֱȡ¹ⱦ٣ᵯࡣϣӽʥ뱦һ𷢳ȴܻͬһ㣬Īת֮䣬нһķ֮»˳
ɱ¾˭Ǿþɳ˸Ҳɱ𺳵һʧ
̫ǿˣ׷λ̫ǿˣְλ䲻Ǵ󽫾ҲɣʵҲҪϽüһñļǣ
֮Уȴɷӳǿһ˴òɡˡΡ
һսռȫϷ磬ĲӺͷʱûж־ڿʼӣһƴ𣬳˿һŻ֮С
˸ɵҶǰһȭѾӣӣŻͨǵϳȥǷҪ׷ȥ
Ȼǵġڴ˴ϳ֮еûиǿˡĪ˵
˸зŹ⡣ЩˣԷ磬ӶƱūΪãϳ֮һвٺöʥ͢ɱһ󣬶ϳлüôȴཫƵȥѹһ̫ϧˡ
áҶһͷǱȥ
˵ţŴֱ׷ȥ˲ҲŻ֮С


509 
Ż֮ڣһҰͨҶ˳ͨһ·ǰ׷һеˣһһ֮ɱȻжٶȱȴԱ֤û˻ѣΪǿеηˣԮ
׷˲֮ͨǰȴԳһŻҶһŻг˳ȥȴֻǰһïֲ硣
ЩӳͨŻˣֵһȥҶʱ׷ȥ
磬㿴׷ĹУޱȴָ֣ŵϾ
ҶͷȥֻһƬֱԵȻһССĴ䡣ǴĽһⶥСľݣʽṹǼ򵥣ڴһƤ
ˣҶҲһЩ磬ˣûһ类¼ڰַĳˣҶʱҲûиӦ˱ǡ
̲סͣϸ˿ȴһδĹʱ䣬еˣƤľȡĤͼڣŵֵ
Ȼһոճ͵磡ĪҲ̾
׷Щ˵Ҷϵһ֣Զȥ
缫ҶоۼҲȫ֮ȣֲïʢַ࣬ȷʵһԷչ˲ķ硣
ˣͿ԰Լıˣ˸˷Լĳ磬ôడ
ȻӵԼĳ磬ӵۣӣ˲ŵı⡣˵ϵĵرԼȡеˣǱԴʱԼָʹٵʥˣһʥ򣬱ԼĵӣµĹϵһ㡣
ò˶೤ʱ䣬߾ͿԾۼһȺǿߣγԼ
Ҷ˼˵ñôģ򲻿ܶʱһ֮׳һ塣
Ҫʥ͢ųɡĪ̲ס˵
Ȳʥ͢ҶһЦǵ˵
һǰȥ֮ȴ׷Щ˵Ϣһ޴ĻɽȺɽȺɽɣðŹỤ̃ɽȵҽ
ɽĵشȴһƬƽԭƽԭһǣ⣬Ƿ·һƷһ㣬֮˲ɵ̾ϸЩϸ༫Ǿֱʥ֮еĽ
Щ˷׷ӵУбʱиб
سǵȴ࣬ҲһǧңЩӻˣҲǧһ㣬Ҷȫһһӽʥ˹ȥһ°ѳǰļʮ˵÷顣
ʱЩس˼˸ҶԵۣһһʱ֪ǲԼԼӦӦù
ԥҶ߿෴˶Ҷ֮Ȼ֣һʱǿзɱǹǺ
ʱһХȴԳ𣬽ţһһôġèͷӥһĴͷɫһԳзǼĳХ֮ȻγһȻûй֮ܣȴסҶӽʥʹЩɱõսľˣ۷ź⣬
ʥɣĪܸӦǴʱ
ȷʵһޱֹ̲ס
ɫһƵףֻǱ·Ĳ˿ڣǼ๡ʱſ죬ϷŭļХ۾ȴסѾ۶˵֮͸һĨɫ
ҵ죬òǡ˸ָɣ̲סòһǡɣ
ʥĸ̫󰡣ĪܸſһЦ
ʱȴ͵ؽһһֻצӵһץһʥצӿһСɽľצץ˹ƣ·Ҫһץϡһ㡣
򱾻ƣһ͵س֡
Ϊѹ̫ãֻΪþ˷ܹͷȴԵüǻԾ̬ҲеţһֱУһ޴ȭӰײǾצ֮С
Ǿצֻһ𣬱ʱ۵ȭӰץϮ
һۿɵۣʱźˣʥޣ˾ң
Īܺ˸̲סһ졣
ʥҶһ֮䣬Ҷ۳ʥȥ
ɲǼ䣬һӱɵϡʱɻ֪ʥҪ֮ƣҶһʥɱʱһʹУ֪ʵɱ׵ķ
ӦҲ죬ʱſڷХХ˵Ȼʥһ³ſܷ롣
ɵҶ㲻ɵͷȻܻɹķȴһֲķ
ʱһʥʹʥľһͬʧ
ˣϣĪܴһȭͷ͵һʥǹƣ
ʱȭۣһ³һʥǹȻȥ
ɸҪѾŻȭϣʥ˾޴ȭͷֱӷסȥ·ʱǿƴŰһȭҲ͵һ·ɳ㿪ʥǹһ
ʥǹһգֱ·ǳضȥ
Խǽӽʥ֮أʥԽǿ˴ΪʥƣʥȴڵۼֻҶ㵽ڤʥԵǰ㣬ֿɽɱд֮ң
Īַ֮һȭҲ֮ܽңҲѾ㹻£һǹȥֻʱҪǳػơ
ȴ˵ıæһ͵ؽһգȴԼһΡһҡͷţⷲҲΪսƷͲˡ漴ǰҪɴս
ʱȴ˱һҶһһ㣬ϴǿȭҫ̫Ĺȣһдճȭֱӻɵϣҽһһշŷɳ֮ң
Ҳ򵥣͵һȭȻһתתӣȻжѪȴԼХֻצ͵صһץʥʱɽצȺҶץ
ǼХ֮ȴһֻצϣצĻһ㡣ȻǵɱȴʹǸΪȹ̣ױκξơ
ؾצʱγ˾޴ѹ˸ֻʥһǿߣҲܳܣʱ˿սʿ͸˵СűӶȥһʱҳһš
Ҷ㿴ֻƵľצȴͻȻһɲ֮ĵһЦ
ƣȭһȭǺݻǲֱ֮ϣײ֮䷢һĺ֮һȭϣֱӴڵһֻצϣצϵ㱻ȭϵֱɢȭͷһ´͸˵һֻצ϶ȥֻ˵ڶֻצ
ۼգɷŭļХһ͵ҶȫʥȻҪֱײҶ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ӦǿƣҶߵ¹ⱦȴͻȻͻȻ˵࣬ȴԼУ»԰һܣһµҶǰ
һ仯ȴҶҲһҪ֪ɱ֮ʱ¹ⱦٿûзķ
˲䣬Ȼ֮ɵȣ֮𣬿ұóٵУȴ֮ȴʹʥͬҵ֪һ㣬˾Ȼзӱԭ֮ҶƵС
һײܣ޴ʱ飬ȴҲסɣʹٶһ±仺Ҷ㹻ʱ䡣Ҷһһȭ˹ȥֱӻɵԴ
ûɣ˸ʱȴ֤סˣǷϵôǼȭȴǡ
Ƿһ壡Īܲ޵˵
ģǸˣ˸˷ܵ


510 ǿʥ
൱ǿ֮£ȻܼХܵ͵һת㿪ҪҶһȭ֮ϣʱȫҽһֱ䷲ݺˤ˵ϡ
ʱȻѾѣȴֱͦӷХХУȫʥȼûһ㱣
ʥ˲һŻŻ֮С
Ƭ֮䣬ɵӾҵһһ˵ڵأϾϢȻǽԼʥȫȼգɱ
ǸʲôĪܿһͷˮʱŻ֮ȴһ޴ʥţһȫӨ羧ʯһɣŻһƿնһХ
ХȻ˵絶ɢиܡ
СģҶһʱʹһӽʥǿֵ֮֮֮⡣
ѩӰȴĿһʱޱɵʬȥ
ҶʱǾʯɣȴӦһϤɣͻȻˣһȴ֮ǰһɴ֮۶ɵ壡
ʥޣĪܾһȻʥޣ
ʲôҶһ߷ųһʥɲȥһĪʵ
˵ʥһһط֮Ϊʥһ𡣡ĪܽţԽǿʥޣʥ֮ԽһֱʥȺ֮Уָеʥʹã֧ʥѪϾͻɢҲеĻٷ仯ǣݻʥޣʥޡֻȻеһֻǣֱɱʹʥݻʥޡʥ޼ʥʥǿޱȣֻ˵ȴδļǿ۽ˡ
۽翪˷հ˸̲סһ̫ǿˣ
ʱʥɣȴѾ๣ݺʥϣǿʥȻ๣ĵķѣܳΡ
ʥ͵һſڣɢ޹ڿƴӣһǿľΧĿռ䡣
ܣܣ˸߶ʮһһ˾ܡ
˶ܸӦĿ£Īʥ˱УҲֻе߽֫ķݡĪҲǾһͷ亹ת˳ȥʥֱӶԿ
ӽʥҶһȣӽʥأӽʥ֮ȴױʥɵ˼ׯϵӽ֮㻯ɢҵ
Ҷһüٷĵӽʥǿʥɵ
ʹǿȴҲо޴ѹ
ͷԼֻҪ
ƴˣĪܴʱȴһҧһǵȭʥǹƣʱһ޴ʥǹƿնֱʥɴȥ
ʥȴһȭһֻצ͵һץ㽫Ǿ޴ʥǹȫ顣
Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣĪɵۡԶȭγǿЧ˲սʵ̫£ȥֻһʱ䣬ĪԼǷϵʥߣʱҲԹ
˸ҶʱһھҪս׷ɱ˵صˣ
ǣ˸鲻Խسһ¸սսʵû͸Ųμӡ
ĪܣһԸɳ˸Ҷʱ¹ⱦٱڻУͬʱҲųʥĪһγһΣʥɳ˹ȥ
Ҷ㵯¹ⱦ٣ӽʥһ֮ʥɹ˹ȥĪֻԶʥǹƣʥɵעʥɲ߶ʮһֱӾͳ˹ȥһȭʥɡ
ʥȻ壬ǲͣȻһ¾ͿʥǿߣܸԼ㹻вʱһԶԶȥ㿪ʥȭͷſڷХס¹ⱦҶĺһ
Īܵʥǹƣֱצץơ
㣬ҸӦ½ĪʱһҲǺһĥ⣡
̸ףҶزɿЦһģҵĺγˡ÷Ҳˣʥȴҷʥɱ˺̫࣬ʱٿȴЩģֻʥľ֮ǰȴҪˡ
⡭Īɵˡô˵ⳡûˣ
ʱһ޴ȴͻȻ˲硣ʥޱȣů֮һ鶼Ӧϲá
ңԶ֮أԭʼ岿Уһ֮·˱仯еĵĤݣе֮ھȻһ˿ٻħ
ȴʹеħ֮ʼѿ
ǣҶһʱ˹ȥȴѩӰػ֮£վʬԵޱ΢ۣչ˫ۣ¶ůЦݣһޱɢ
ʥˣޱﾹȻʥˣĪܾ
⡭Ҷȴסˣ޷ޱΪλͻȻʥȻޱ֮ţʱգʥǿӰ֮·ʥȴӦڣ
˲䣬ע⵽ԱߵѩӰʱѩӰһĵ⣬ϻһѪɵʬȴҲ·ձĵأȻѩӰĽ
ɵʬ屻ѩӰ˺ޱͻȻʥ֮䣬Ȼʲôϵ
ҶѩӰһ˹ȥѯʣѩӰʱӦ޾ԣȴѾʹҶȻ
ԭˣϲУĪ֣ѩӰ˵ֻɱûɱֻ뽫ʥУͼʥ巴ʱŪɳ׾ȴġԪȴû壬СѩӰ֮Ѱޱ£ȴʹޱʮ۵̼ܵһͻƳʥ
ǹϲĪܵͷţһתͷȴȻ
⡭ʥôˣ
ֻʥڿУһٲֻתͷޱУȻ¶һĨů֮ɫ
ʱʥȴҶ֮ǰʥɳ˹ȥҪһȭ֮顣
ɣޱȴͻȻԵϷһС
ͣҶһæʥסʹһȭûдȥҶȴ۵òᣬһ𣬲ϡ
ʱޱѾתԭķ֮ǧ꣬ȫ仯ΪʥʥˡеʥɣһĨů֮ɫطʥΧţʾϵʥߵݡ
ǷϵĪܼϲֵˣҪ֪ʥеϵҲΪʲôдǰ;ȴǷϵ
ҶֻһЦעȴȫʥϡֻͻȻ˼ޱȫ䱸ֲδסޱΪãʥɲ˼ޱ
ʱޱѾǳɵʥǰظʥɵļ๣ʥҲ¶ů֮ɫһóޱ§˻С
⡭Īܿˣһľ㵡
ѩӰȴһһ»ָ˰ƴСǣҶĻдһҶ㲻¶ϲɫЦ
⵽ô°Ī̲סʡ
ѩӰոңΪޱԪʥ˱ɵϢʥɸӦϢޱͬ壬ǴΨһͬ壡ԣ佫ޱӳ׵ˣԼĺһ㣡


511 ޱ
⡭⡭Īܼò֪˵ʲôãɫҲǺðŴһ°ǲֶһλʥˣһõһֻǿʥޣ£
ڻ˵֮䣬ޱȴͻȻһ漴ζҶţ磬һٻңȫû취ֵ
Ҫ¡ҶһЦ⵱ʥٻ֮ȥɣ߻ʥ񣬻ѩӰµġصʥ֮ʦԣһЩҪ˼˵ļơ
֪ˡޱͷʥɡǿĴһȻֽ˵ʥһӿޱ壬ԭҰ֮УһƬʥĺ
ɲǼâޱΧޱҶ㣬̲סٶʲôɲ֮ѾâΧʧ
ˣҳʥʱôûٻأƵʡ
ʲôʥĪЦˣ㲻ǰռһʥˣ㡮ʵԲʥߡ
СʵġȴЦˡ˵Ѫ֮ɵİɣСʵı壬ҲǾСʱ
ĪûƿһָǴǣų㣬ǳһвٺöȥ˸ɱЩ˻ڴ±ǰɡ
áҶһͷʥӿ֮䣬ԼıǡԴԺκһӽ磬ܸӦı֪֮֮أ롣
ԭ㲻ʥ͢ġ䡱¼֮Уǻ磬ʥ͢ɣȻûбռݣҶȻԽ֮±ǱԼأȴ˭Ҳܲš
ñ֮ʱĪܵ˽ҲɱòˡЩһ򵥣Ѫԣܵɡˡȴǳɱ֮⣬Ҫѡ
ɱ˵ˣҶǴ֮СʱѾȥ¥գҶֻ֮ŷһƬ
ҶʥǸ䣬ʱ
壬ǧңŮѺһ̵Ĳ֮Уռ˵㡣εͲ㣬ȴѺһˡ׼ȷ˵һˡ
Ҷһʱ棬һѾƿռ谭ǵ֮ڹѺЩŮĵط
ڵһ֮УֻٶˣЩ˱ֳʮѺţÿ䶼ðɫľʯɣȵһֱ۴ɵľ޴դһįͻȻ˳ϣһܵ㣬ȿԼһ󣬲ɾ㵵ش
ǲ¡Ҷ㻺ڣһʥΧЩΧӦů˶бṳ̈ʵ֮Īʥˣ
ʥʲôˣҶһͷЩˡܸӦЩڵȴʿֻǵȼ͵òУڳ£ǿ߲ƾ
Ҷʥˣ˶һ˵դǰִţʥ񣬾Щ˰ɣ
ҪҳʱЩ곤ߣҲǸƾʿ˹ʱ׷˺
˿ʮ꣬ͷӣĽ׳гǻ֮⡣߹Ҷ㹧һ˱ѧӣҶ㹧ʩ
Ҷһ̧֣ʥ֮䣬ȴֱӴ򿪿ռͨٶ˶˳վ֮Сһɣ˶̲ס漴ּæ죬شվá
лʥ񣡡߼Ҷһ
ʲôˣҶ֪ǲǱˣΪ˻ԭʼʱڣǵȻѾ𣬵ȴҲܿǳĳʢĲ
ǻˡ߹˵ԻկСʯһЩ˵ͷ졣
ǱЩӶģҶʡ
ǱǡġʯһЦһ
򣿡Ҷɫһ˺ף壿
ȻҲˡʯһ˵ǵʮǰһǿ˹ռΪʳﱻ̳ԣΪūūۡһˣʮǰתһˣΪǵūΪǽǳء
ǳҶ㻺ͷֲǳͬƷһ㣬һͲǴֱΪ
ǡʯһͷǻ˶˲Ĺ֮κһӡéۼޱȣǼ쳣ֻǵغǿ˵ضƵԹžϣΪȻŽ˽񽳡
˵񽳡֣ڽ̬֮
ںδҶоȡÿһ磬ʥ͢м¼ôһռ죬ʥ͢ȴɱո
ʯһ¶飬ʥֻǷˣﶮЩ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȴˡȽǴΣɡ˵ʥһˣͬ·ڵ壬һƳ˵Σ˳һ㳡֮ϡ
һɣϲҶʱʣµĽǧȴһãȻ֪ʲôʯһ˵֮ҲһҶ°ݣߺʥꡣ
˴Ѿ챻𡣡Ҷ˵ȴūǡڱǴǵˣǼȻ㽻ǾסɡȽлҵǵ磬һᾡ֮ոٽͻء
ꡱ֮ʱڶҶ㲻ʤţҲúֹֻ΢΢һЦ֮С
һʧһǾ̾һʯһ֮£عߵס
λʯһУǵʥǣ͸ǣǵĴж뱾֮ĹǱ㽫֮ʥΪʥ֮Ĥʥɣ
ǣһһߺʯһ֮ȥ
ʱҶ˵εײ㣬Ѻ˵η֮⡣
Ĳ㣬ֻѺһˣѺ˵ηȴľɣ˱һϣ֫ϽԲŴǿʥĸֲ棬ѪѾ̡
ĸߴ׳һɣҲʮ䣬ӽˣޡһͷĳǳɫƤȫѪ˿ڣȻ˲ٿ̡
˷۾һһ壬Ȼˣ
ˡҶ䡣
ôܵԳһЦֱ۾ҡͷһ˹Ρ
ΡҶһ֣Ǹֲϵʥ㱻ȫɢһµ档һУһʥţ仺ŵءһʥ˵ڣѸ˺۵һ˵۾һһؿҶ㡣
ҲΣ
ǡ
찡˼ؽţһҶݵл˾֮
Ҷ㿴ˣмǺ档֮ǰŵˣѪļһһǽȫ֪ߣȴǷˡ
ˣ̲סʡ
ǡ˹
˵Ҷһ֣ʥӿУѾ뿪˵㣬ڳһլ֮СҶһŴһָһΣɡ
лȻ񣬵ȴǣʱ
Ҷ㿴Ӧȴʮ۷ϣԼ˸ʵ൱ʥµľ֡
֪ˣȴͬҶ˵
ЦˣʥˣҲ֡Щ߹Ѫͳˣеȴ˸ˡЩа֮ˣȴ˸ޡ˵أ
ôĳأҶȤʡ
ԼһȤļһͨһ˵Խһ˽ˡ


512 ֮
ҽɡһ塣˿ЦһԳ塣ǵʥԳǿһ֣ԭҲʥԳȺͳߡʥսУ徫Ӣ㣬ֻʣһλԳޣԳˡ
ԭԳˡҶȻѹ˵ĳƣûֱ̫
Ȼǵ岻δʧȴѾˡɿЦ
㻹ԡҶ㿴ɣ˵ȴû˵ڣֻһЦ
û뵽ҲǼģʱҶ˼ҲЦҡͷ˵ǲɵġԳϵĽԳѪѾܵˣٻѪĻͼʧռȥӵԵˡǸ߹ѪͳĴˣᵥΪ壬һС˵صˣ಻ʥˣǼʧȥʥ޵ĸ߹Ѫͳûĸ߹ǻۣݻֲ˲޵Ķ
ԭˡҶŸ̾һ
ʥԳ廹ڡ˵ΪԳǰԣһҪΪʥԳһ죬ýԳһ֮ǰվʥԳ޵۷壬ȴԸ
ô·Ҷ㻺ͷ
ܳЦˡ˵ʵߣδʥҲֻһʱѡ
ŶҶʣôţ
ҵĶˣΪ߹壬ұ̹ϡ˵Щ͵Ѫͳ𡣡
뽲ҶԼоҪ˵ģһ޴ܡ򣬴ǵ˲Ὣڵεײ㣬ĥ
Ȼʳʲôܣ֪˵һֱͦ˹
ΪýԳʱ̣һչ۷磬ҵ޽һʹʥһǿΣ˵ҵڸǼ佨Żͨ͵͵֮ͨ䣬˲ջ񣬱һʯͷ
һ̺ıʯˡҶ˵
ǵġɵͷʯͷ̺ž޴ֱ֮Ƿӡʥ޵һ㡣Ҳǰʥ֮ս֮ʱĳЩǿڵʬ۳ɵĶ
Щ˶̣ҪʯͷɣҶʡ
ǵġɵͷʯͷۣǿֻ֮ᱻ˵ʯֻдʥ֮ŻɢҵҲ̫⣬ڿռͨʱ̲סóʯͣϵ˸Ӧᡣҵʱص˿ռ֮ͨʯȺУûܵõ֣ÿձʯͷ䡣
˵ţҶ㣬֣˵ңЩ˻һӡʱϧҵ޳ûҵϢػᷢѰҡѾΪҶˣֻ¾ȳңԼҲҪɡȴҪлұס޵ˣԸʯͷָһ롣
֪ʯͷһ󡣡Ҷ˵ҲҾ㲻Ϊ㱨ҾһȤˣƲΰҲΪТ֮Ҳﲻ㣬Ҳĺȡ
һЦˣˡ
治Ҫʯͷɲʡ
ҪҶҡͷ
лɼһ񣬡ľ񣬶ȴܲҪˡ
˵ţͻȻȫһһȫȴȻʥܷؽЩʥȻ󻯳һƴССŻ
ŻȴѾþȴδҶֽŻƿɲǼ䣬һʥңԶ֪֮ͨŻһ±鲼ȫ£ʹʥ
ʥȻﵽʥ˵ľ磬ȴѾ޽ӽʥˡ
Ȼͨޣٻ޵ʥ֧֡
һ̧֮䣬۹һ춯űһССռǰ򿪣ֽ̽УóһֻӣطŵҶǰ
Щȴ룬ԼһιͷΪռ䷨кöЦ˵
Ǹ÷ӡҶһЦǺӡֱӽӴ򿪣ʱ͸һ㣬ȴǰöɫĵҩ
ǣӦҩ̺ҶҲɶݣһվ
ǺöɣЦˡһż·ֵģҲ֪ʲôҩȴ֪ǿһöͿʥľʥ²㣬ֻҪöɲȫʮö;ȥöֻʣЩȫ͸һ⡣
ĶұҪʵ˵ⵤҩЧȷʵ˶ġҶ̹ϵ˵
˲һ˵Ҵûô̹׵ˡ°ɣȻ治֪ҪĶ¡
ֻҪöɡҶֱ̽öҩԼ֮С
ôɣִҪеҩҶ㣬Ҷȴһ֣㲢֪ʵһλʦҩ֮ҲСöҩ㹻о֮ãʱԿռһӦϣⵤҩƳ
ԭˡЦˣǸӦȫ¡һöأ
СҵĲˡҶһЦ
ң֣һ񣬹ؽջԼռ䡣ôұ֮ԽˡֻǶ˵ĶͣҲġ
ôȴҲϰˡҶЦ˵ʲôҪҰæ𣿡
ûˡҡͷʥҵķӡ֮ұܹͨޣٵľ㹻ӦһСҪҵʯͷȻصߣƾʯ֮ʥ˾硣ɾͣػˣֻ֪γƺ
˻ʥҶ㡣Ҷ˵ҪᣬԵ˻ʥ֮ҸҲػشǡѾҴ˱ǣΪҳ磬ȻҪﰲֹ
ãһͷʩһ֮ʱƿռ뿪ⷿ䡣
ʲôˣȻһȴȴĪܸӦйʥʱ˹ס
ȥɣѡҶʱгٿУ֡ɣλĪܣҵĺֵܡ
ʥˡѧһȭһЦ֮ڶȥ
㣬˺ù찡ĪɵıӰ
չΣҶʡ
Ҽʣµ˱˸ɱò࣬Լת˼ȦһЩڶкҲɱˡĪ˵ϸɾúܡ˸ڴɨսʬ壬Ҳˡ
áҶͷһָǸߴ󹬵ҷžȳǧˣԳǻˣʱҸӦǶеǱ㵽Ｏϰɡ
ˣĪһ漴ͷֲǳؽΰʵ־
֪ǣҶʡ
һ񽳵ķ硣Īܸ̾šֻϧǵҲֻڴ˵֮Уֽûһ˵ü
ʥ͢ۼ˶ȡ磬ȻɱַҶ΢΢ü
Ϊʥ͢صĶʮ֮СĪ˵ԴʥǷѣһռһƬ֮һƬ֮еķ磬ıӼĨȥˡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
¡ĪܿЦһȻʥ͢͵öȫ濪սЩеķ硣ڵİ˻ʥȴûʵˣֻӦΧĻʥѾľ
ʥʵ⣿Ҷɫ
ǣֲǡĪ˵ΪⲢǵʥʣһʥʱľǧǰˡ
ѹ˵ǵֻڴ˵֮СҶͷ
ʥʴ֮£Ҳ˵ʥٴǧ꣬ҪӶԼǰȻԶʥ֮ӣȴδؾʥˣһҲͨʿһ㣬ӵħ֮ѣҪʥһҪߡ
ʥˣȴʹӳȺкʱܵʥˣȴδ֪֮ʱһˣȴ´ңԹʥĹأʥֻǰŵһӡ
ȴʮ֮ʥʱὫһʹΪԼĴߣͳʥˣɱʥ͢ȶ
ˣһʥһʥʵ䣬ȴнǧĲࡣʥѾһǧ꣬丸ʱľȻҲǧǰˡ
Īٶʥ˵ʱȻǡ˵еˡ
ʵʥˣʥ֮дʥˣҲˡֻԼ֮ʱŻºԼһԱʢȶȻҲʥһȻصţ佥Ϊʥˣ׳塣
;ʥгļ崫֮
˵ǵʮǰݵģˡҶ㲻˵


513 
ӦʲôػǰɡĪ˵֮ûĽˡ
ҲǸ߹ʥ޻ˡҶ˵ͷһ˵ĸ߹Ѫͳʲô˼Ҳ˵֮УڲˣǱǺ͵壬Щеķ硣
Ѻùϵôܽ⡣
Ҷ㿴һ·
жķ磿Ҷʡ
ö֪ĪҡͷǣֻڿڶഫĴ˵ʥ͢Ѿ˹һмأ˭Ҳ֪ȷˡ
Ҷҡͷ̾ϢһΪЩڴˣū۵ķĬ
˸˷֮󲻾ã˾ͶڳдڼˡۼĹΪʥĪܶ̾˺þãǹλ߽ĴһΡɽĸо̾Ϊֹ
һ¼˶ǿߣʯһͻǶòˣǶҶĲ£ҶͶȥ˸Ŀ⡣
ǵļҡҶ˵ҷʥ֮͢ŷʥ͢ˣ÷˳Ѩ֮һɱפɷ˵ǰվǣΪʥһ
ֻҪʥķԸвհ졣ʯһæ˵
˸Ǿн죬פ֮Ҿͽˣ㽫ڵְغסźáҶ˵
ǣ˸һ
ĪܡҶתĪܣδ˵ĪܱҲһ
˽Ȼֵƣھϣȴ⣬ĪҲһ㣬Ҷһֱ֣ʱڳϼʱӦе̬
壬ȻдԭʼʱѾûзֱǻ㹻ֻ֪ʶ㡣Ҷ˵ӦѾˣ㸺ǼٽǷɵ粻ͬطָħ֮ˣǲԴԴϵ˲ſá
ǣ
ۡ
ˣ۹ǰǾ޴ʱǴƲסѹȸСȻڵ֮ǰȱ仯Сէһȴǿµ֮˶η壬һʱȴˡ
Ѿӵʥ֮㸺ʱ̶ס֮ı仯֣һʱ֪ͨˡҶԸ
ǣһͷ˵һʱɢһʥӵ
ˡƬ̺㿪ڣҸӦͨͬͨӦ˼ϵ֮áô죿ʥǻ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷعϽĴ󷲼ĵطǰվǰվͨݷá硣ۣҿЩͨҪϸһЩշ
ǣصͷ
Ҫֻǰ˸ǵʡ
ǡҶһͷֻǰȥ磬ȴǰȫǲõġ뿪֮ǰȴҪȰһڴˣȴҲġ
ǻʥǳؽø̡ʯһ˵
ĪܣеʿҲ̵Ҷ˵ܹɽܴﵽֻ»ܵĸʱǶǿǽǳҲɷǱǼش˵ء
ǣĪܵͷ漴һʥ͢Ĺأǲʥ˸淲֮£㣬㿴¡
ˣ˵㡣ҶһЦ䣬ȥһڳо֮սʱڣȻҪзǳ֮¡
ˣĪһЦһʥˣһЩ˵׾֮£ȻҶôţʥ֮˾ʮףͨʿΪ˵ȴСһ
áҶһͷһкʱȡһҾʯһŵֱĴ
һʥţ֮߾̾ѡУֻбڵεһٶʿȴͨˣʱӦҶ취һȴ鲻ԽؿԺһƬհףеһʱȴȡ򣬾Ȼ˼ħΪʿ
һʱ䣬ҴҹȥҶֱӽ뼸ҾٶľЩʹ仯Сƴ󣬱ûռߣҲֱӷ뻳УҾһ֮תΪⷢǿʸʹߵǿޱȡ
ЩҾҲһһܣвսʿУȻĪܺûݶģΪʥˣòķ
ַϣֶĪܡ˸һСĺҶ㽫ѩӰҲȥ
ʥһɨӦϵļֱͨһǰһ֣ʱһʥɵƼ仯һ޴Ż
ͨԽŻԽ󣬴ͨһ˵ԽǿҶҪǿ֣ȥĻƽࡣ
֮ͨУǰһ·ȥƬ̣ӽͨһˣҶȴͻȻӦǰһϢݣȻʥϢֱ֮ƿͨһϢ֮
޾ǿ֮Уһž޴ԶʱҶǰǿ֮Уȴһü̾򷢴
λ֡ҶɢϢȴк֪Ϊλᵽ˵ض̾Ϣ
˭תͷ¶һǷ
Ŀཡ׳һϵʥߣмţɢϢʾǿޱȵȴĪܲ¡
һ磬Ѿռ˰ɣҶһָԶ
˻ͷһǧǰѾռˡ
̨ƺи飿Ҷʡ
ȻˡٴλͷΪڤǧǰﱾҼĳ硣һƬռȴǵءƾһ֮ػǧǰȴڻʧء
̾Ϣţ޵į
̨ˣֻΪ廳棿Ҷʡ
ЦЦЦһ˿Σȴм֮⡣ġ
Ҷü˵
֪ΪΪ֮ǲ˵
һ֮Щˣջ磿Ҷʡ
ǲܰ쵽£԰ɣ˵
ΪλҪҶʡ
Ҫ֮Ҳ֮¡˵Ҫܼãұȡ־Ҹ־ոȻ˼һһ䣬ȴΥ־ΥԼԡͨ̾ϢΪԼȥΪ֪Ҳջ
̨γƺҶʡ
֮ˣ㲻ø߱ˡһЦ
˭˵ǽ֮ˣҶЦˡ̨ʥ͢ƽҵĽҪȥ̽ʵҿʵף֣δزշ硣
ʥ͢ˣ˵Ŀ͵һ䣬׺ޱȣ·Ǽ˾Ѱĳˡ
һǿӿϢǿ֮лһҷ磬ķ
ҵһԸгһɱʥ͢ɱЩѪֻ֪Ķ٣ֻϧ֪Ǳո绹ѣû뵽վһᣬǰɱһλʥ͢죬ʹ죡
ţɱ֮⣬ҪҶ֡
Ҷһû׼ˡ֪ǵܵ˹ʥ͢ȴ֧Ԯʥ͢¼ĨȥǶԲסǣǵʱʥ͢ľʥ͢ȻʵĴʥ͢θɣҴΪľǻˣոʧأҶ֣˵⣬֮𣿡
˵Ҷ㣬κͻȻЦһҡҡͷҲǴˣֻǽ֮ʱһʱʧǶѡȥɣҲ㽻֣Ҳ֡ҲҪϵȥʥ͢Ϊ顣


514 Ů
ҶͷáϤǲΪ飬ܾܾܲɣ
ı㣡˺һһ½֮ͨС
Ҷ֮룬ԶԶںšͷҲأ͵ؼٶȥҶٶȶУʼձŰҵľ롣
Ƭ֮һǰͨŻг˳ȥҶ͵һ¼ٸϣʱŻ֮ȴֽ֮ͨȻǧŻ֮ǰ˳Уʱɱ˰Χ
ôˣ⧲֮£ɱеĺѾϣ令ǿޱȣ⼸ҲֻǱúһ漴ʱһһ
ʥ񸫣
ʱһ޸֮ӰֱϸһݻһֱϵĴ󸫣һǰȥ˲ͽʮֱӿѪƬ
ʱȴǧԶһ½Χʮߴﵽ֮࣬һХطɱУһǿɱкƵ˲סܣһʱǱ
ݺҧһЩȻ׼ãƴһɱǶ٣
УӰݺᣬӰԶһȺȺնɱЩʮǿߣȴǽŴڻɵضţȻʱ͵Ϯ
ҧè϶ʳȻǿϵʥߣǧˣȴҲ޿κΡȻÿγֶһ»ɱʮˣ˴ȴӰ첻
ЩͣǲǧɱֻҲҪĹ⣬οЩһﻹȫ
ʱһӰȴӶһ³Ӫ֮УһХһʱݻʥӽ̾ѸٵڿдɲǼ䣬ʮ˱Χʱɳ
ʬ廯ɵڿӣ˲䱻紵ɢЩ΢Ʈ˵ıУŵζ˾ֵش
̨ԸǣҶ㣬˿࣬ĿɨһˣĿߣ޲
㣿û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ֮һʱȻ
ΣҶͬҶ˵ʥ͢кβ˼ҲӦǰҲͰɣһ֣ɱǸƬײ
˵֮䣬Ѿ¹ⱦȡ˳ʥϣһƬĺһԶɢȥʱ˱֣κֱӱ߽⡢顣
ǿķ˲ɾһĿгĽ뾪֮⡣
ɱҶһӽʥ֮¹ⱦ֮ٴ𣬲˴Щԭǿµˣ֮һȺȺʣȻԲסȴ޷Խ֮
ۼҶǸ֮ȴҲˣһͷѣγƺ
Ҷ㡣
ҽкͭĸ֣ʵҡһͷּ丫Ӱݺᣬնˡ
˺һһԶҶԸ򱻺ͭɱһʱңɱ˹Ǻ
˵Ȼǧ֮ڣҶһɱɱȥȴҲҶһɱ¾֮áҶʹ÷ҲǼ󣬵Ҳֻֻ¹ⱦɱС
ˣһαֻܻɱʮˣҲѾ൱ɹۣɱٶȣȴǺͭҲ֮ġ
ʥΣɱ
ڴʱһӰȴͻȻƹ¹ⱦٵƿռһ³ҶǰҶ㲻ʮ֮Զȴһǿ׳ˣףһȭҶ
Ȼһλʥˡ
СģʱͭȴһԶۼʥɱҶǰɼֻۡΪҶǷϵʥߣϵʥڽϵʥʱֻ·һ
ʱɱȥԮȣȴѾˣɺԼΪɱȴԶҶ㡣
Ҫ֪ϵʥ߽ս֮ʱҪϵʥ߱İ
ںͭΪҶһ̱ػᱻԷʱ漣ȴˡֻҶЦһķһջ֮ڣȫںһ𣬽ţֱ֮ӿһ֮֮
漴һȭݺݴȭƾˣȻԶԶ˺ͭϵʥߵ
ʲôͭˣ޷ǰǿӣȻԴϵȭ
ȭ
Ҷһȭ˲ͻ˵ȭƣȭͷݺݵػ˵֮ϣ˵Ӿҵһ𣬲ûбúɶǾҵزһӣȫƤë׶ѪʹĺС
Ҷһ֣ס˵ʺʣ֮𣿡
ţ޴ʹʹԱĥɾʣµֻǿ־塣
˸ոսʥ˲ãֻԼѾǿÿɽһ㣬һ˶Ҷ㣬ȻһȭԼԵֻ𺳣Ѿŵľ
ǵڣҶʡ֪˽Ϯڴػ
ƽԭǿн֡˼ѵ˵ǿɱҴͨء
˵֮䣬ȴ׹һȻƴҶ㷢ͻϮ
Ҷһڵʱ󶯣˲ͽ˺Ѫ֮ƮɢԶ
ۼͷ챻׻ɱʣµһޱȣٲ֮ǰͣȻвȥ
Ҷ²ͣ¹ⱦ֮һֹȥһȺȺ˷顣
ҶԽԽᵽʥĺôˡҪ֪ʥȻǿ󣬵ʹ֮ҲӽʥķҶϵʹãòþ͵ߵ¡ʹʥȴͬˣֻҪһʥͿԷ¹ⱦٵɱȺУҶȴҲôһ¡
ʥҲ֮ʱ㲻ʹȥ¹ⱦٵҲĹ⣬ʱ㲻ٴʹãҪԼָ֮
Ը⼸ǧˣȴ㹻ˡ
㡭ôܡͭһ߻ɱˣһҶߣ㵵
һѡҶһЦûʲôֵôСֵġ
ŶԭǷһ塣ͭʶص˵ͷ漴һ죺ʲôûʲôСֵģһ֮ˣʷûйİ㡭ô쵽ģ
ѡҶ˵ɱҪ޹ؽҪ±㲻Ҫ˰ɡ
˵ţ¹ⱦӵ׷ȥ
ˡҶǿ𺳣ͭȴ࣬˵ͷҶһ·׷ɱȥɵɱ˸ɾЩǵˣҲûʱȥˡ
ɵ˻ɱ֮Ҷͣת֣ͭ˵ĻҲ˰ɣ
ˡͭһͷֻǲ֪ʲô˽սֻ²ʥˣӦһ֧˾Ӱɡ
ˣǱɱȻ֮Ҷ˵ʥˣǱΣ
ģͭæͷ
Ҷȫλǿˡ
һЦ䣬Ҷ뺮ͭһϢٵȥƬ̼˱ʥԽռ䣬شһƬƽԭ֮ϡ
ǧ˴һʥ˵ָ֮£˼ҽսһһĳۣ¶ɫףֳֻƽȣϸȴһķϵŮһһףɫĸߴǻˣһſӣֳһƽ𽣣һλϵŮ
СѾͷͭһ
ŮǧˣʱȴЩ˴൱γƽ֣⻹Ϊս֮ϻһֻɵľݺڣʱſһˮУֹǻɱˣռϷȴһŮ


515 ҩ֮
λ׼ʥˣʵ֮ǿ˾̾Ҷ㾪㵵ؿǣһʱ棺ʲôˣ֣
ʱͭΪ̫㵣һʱûϢȴ֣֮һʱɳŶ˳ɱ
ǸͭҶ㣬εһЦ
ȻʥսǱϣҶһЦʱӭ˳˹ȥ¹ⱦһ֮䣬ֱӻɱʮˡ
˺Ȼ޷赲֮㱻ɱ˸ɾ
ʱ˵ȴǾʥӦһ͵һƿն
ʥ֮ǿֱá춯ءݣȣҶ֮ǰ֮սɣֱߡʵҶֻޱʥᲢˡ
̶ֳȵʥޣԼҲ޷սʤҶԥر磬Ҫʥų
ʱȴͻȻӿһ»һ޶ܵҶ뺮ͭǰҲʱǾʥͻȻſڣ͵ʮޱȵˮС
ˮ֮ǿ˿ɵҶǿʥˣһ£ʱʬ
ɵ޶ܣȴ˿һˮУˮնʱ޶֮Уˮһ㡣ǰɫܣеˮжֽ⿪ˮںһ塣
ʮµˮУȻô޶ˣ
ͭ۾ɵüҪۿеˡҶ̫ࡢ̫ˣǷһ壬¹ⱦʥʱȻֳʥ˴ܾȻһ֮ͭ붼룡
ǾʥҲˣ㶵Ҷ㣬һʱ侹ȻӦü
ʵ˵ҶҲһûϵĲȻ˱仯һлԼֱ֮⡣
ҲûнΪ¹ⱦһң
Ҷˣ漴ȴͨˣڱңǼˮУ鲻Խس˳֮ɣǼ⣬Ѫһ㣡
ȴ֪
Զ˴սŮһ龰ɶһ
㣬ʲôˣʥôôǾʥһʮˮУǵķ籩ҲѵֵǾ޶ܾȻһ¶ˣǿǸ߸ϵŮ˵
Ӧ˰ɡϸϵŮ˵Ƕǿޱȵˮ֮ÿƾʥ޵ˮ֮˵ˣʥޱס÷籩ӻɱЩ
ãϵŮһͷּһΪɫķ籩ϯһиڽӽˡ
ǷϵŮһӷȣʱһµĿɣһ½ٶ˾У˲ʵ÷顣
Ƿ籩֮УȴԼֳһŮ̬棬ֺǱ֮ɵĻ
޶ܵ˾ʥ޵ʮˮ֮󣬱·ǳԱ˵һ㣬һҶ磬ҪȥС˯һʳһ㣬ٲǾʥ޼Ҷ˾޶ܣʱ˾񣬷һ
Ҷٲɣʱʥ˳ɸߵľ޴ʥһֱһǰһɽžʥѹ˹ȥ
ʲôʱԶϵŮһ
ʥ񣡣ϵŮǾǲǴ˵еԶʥ𣿾ȻĴڣ˭ôԶʥ
ʥһֱ֣һȭ˾ʥޡ
ʥȻʮǿȴǰƶͬۼһȭܲȴֻǿʥһӲƤӲʥһȭ֮жǿǿȴҲֵס͸룬ȫһԣǾ޴ȭͷݺϣʱüƬɣѪĽ
޴ʹ࣬ȴҲ˾޴͵˹һʥϣһ¾ͽʥײˤ·أҲҳһ޿
ʥ֮ǰȴҲһ½סһˤڵϣҲֱڵϣһֱֻ§סʥޣһֱֻ̧ȭݺݵزھʥϡ
ʥޱѪɣƬѣһʹ͵һ·ȫһͦȻӳǿӲʥĻһſһ޴ˮУֱնʥ
ãҶһüһ֮䣬ϵķӿʥַ̧ųһ֮Ǿ޴ɵشһ±㽫ˮҵ÷飬ˮĽ֮䣬ʥһȭʥޡ
һɸߵľ޴ʥһɳľ޴ʥޣһһһɱʥ֮ǰųˮ̫࣬أʱȴֻһǿʥ񲫶ʥжҪҶķָӣһ״ȴҲҶƣʱǿָӣʥзȴ֮ǰ
һʱ䣬Ŵ˸൱¡
ޣ㣡
ʱ֮ʥȫˣ˫۷죬һǿŮֱҶ˹
ͭҶܽʱҲҶأʱһҶùԸɺ޵ļһ
˵Ŵһ͵سȥ˫ȭ˦޴ĸӰȭϣ˺ݺݿȥ
֮ŭȭ֮һһԴ󴸣뺮ͭԹ
һ͵ϵʥߣҲʲôзǾײһԴһԴڴײ죬Χ޿ռ䱻֧飬ռѺ۲Χ硣
֮һȥǱߵսϵ˾ûʥ֧֣Ůʱһһ⣬ݺɱѪɡвʱƻһŮӰ֣һʹķ籩ǽ˽ɱм
սʱγһߵľ棬λŮһɱˣȴ˿ûл֮
ۼԼһƣǾʥ޲ɺۣſݺҧסʥֱۣҪһֱۻ
ԵһԶʥȴѪ֮ƾƻʥ壬ȴסҶȥҲӦʥֱϴһµ𶯣ǲܽʥ˦ôҧȥòãʥһֱϵҪľʱѱ
鼱֮£Ҳ˲ˣһȡһöеҩ˿С
ɲ֮䣬һڻʱʥȱ䲻ܽʥȴؼٵؽ壬ֱתǿʥϢ֮䣬ҶоȫȻʥȫ
ʱĿһָʥֱһ𣬷ųһ׺ޱȵһ´ʥ޵ĿУֱ͸֮ڡ
˲䣬һɽζԶʥȫһȻʥֱӺ˽̿
ðһḷ́ʥֱͦͦŵˤȥһ±ˤ˸䣬һ顣
ް֮ۼʥޱɱʱغŹͭͭȴһЦ侲ŭ֮ʽ󿪴ϣĻᣬȭҪǿľ޸ȭƿѿڣѪƮ֮䣬֮Ĺ򵹡
ǧǰ𣬽ڵñͭһһȭ£֮Դֱӿ
ʱҶһؾʥ޵飬ȴҡͷ̾Ϣ
һη̫ͣȴֱӽʥ޺˽̿ڵԪҲѾ군ǿϧ
ôǿʥԪֿһλʥˣ׳Լʵ
ϧǿϧ
̧ͷһߣսҲѾӽβʧȥʥֵ֧ǣȫŮĶ֣ɱֿӲá
ΪһԶȥбƻӰ֣籩ǽɱ
Ҷؿţٵط˹ȥս


516 
˺֮£Щ˸ǵ֣ɾһЩۼУߣȻǿԷ籩ɱҲв˳ȥ֪ܵ
ҶҲ׷ɱʥһȫԱ鲼磬Ҫҵе˼ֱ׾١ֻǳźͭһЦΣˡ
̲ͭס췢һХ㷢Լĸ飬ȴŮһ
ﱾλּͭĳ硣ҶŮһЦãոŸ⼤
ϵŮͷһΪɱҪء
Ҷ㣬λγƺҶǰʵ
ҽײҽ㡣ϵŮܿ졣˫̥ȳҴʵҲû١
졣ϵŮЦˡ
ҶҲЦˣָָУӦһ˲õʥɣȻȥ壬͵Ϯѷˡ
ײһЦһӷȣбԳһŮӰһʵķ磬ڵסģֻ¶޸һſ
ҵʥÿˡҶͷ̾
ɲʥѽײ˵ԶŴ˵ʥǵķ籩ӿԶ
ôõıģ̲ס̾ҲǰɣҲȥ
ѽײ̾һʵͷ۵ӡ
λǿʵһ֪ĸľӢӵܣҶʡ
ʱΪǻüҵˣ㲻ǻñҲҲǻü˲õӵܡһǵ֣ɻˡ׼ʲô壬ôô˲õһԽã
ǡҪ˵ȴײס
ļҵӵܣײҶ㡣
ʥ͢Ľͭʱȥˣ߹һ죬ȻȭλллλǳںĿģǰң¡
ʥ͢һʱȥ˵ǸʵҲײǡ
ײͷǾһߣĥԼĹѣҲлǡǸǻбҪ죬Ͳڴ˵ոʧˣڰɣ
˵¶һɰЦݣһһзȣǷ籩ʱһ籩˰ΧУ˲Ⱜڤ磬ˡ
⡭ͭգһĿɿڴ
ˡҶҲΪԼһʥ͢ݣǾĶӣ
ѲʲôҵĴС㣬˽ܵԼȥʥ֪͢
ƺ˼򵥡
Ҷ벻ͨŮȻǼٵģټǷ籩ӣҲһʥȥ±Ȼ֪ϸΡ
ˡҶԺͭ˵ʧѾոȴҪúסǡ
ҡͭ˷ܹ侲ȴ뵽һ⡪ֻƾһ֮زסһ硣ǿҪߡǰ˼֮һҧҶһ֣Ҷ˴ջʧأȫĹ͡Ҳٶռһ磬ƽΣ
ĳ磬ôܺƽ֣Ҷ㲻ЦˣҡҡͷַģֻҪкһҶĳȻ㡣˲ԶһϣһվֻƬ֮䡣
⡭ͭ¶ɫ
ǲԸʥ͢ΪɣҶ̾ϢһҲ㡣ʵ˵Ϊʥ͢ʵȴʥ֮ˡֻΪʥΪ˽ʱְ
ԭʥˣͭʱгϲɫǵĳ类ᣬʥ͢ǣʥȴɳ˼λϰǡȻûֱʲôãҲʥһ̬Ҳмġ
Ҷ㵭һЦû˵ʲô˿ܣֻԶһǣλƽԭɽ֮䣬ʥһɨ䣬ǳ壬˵ǳ壬ǰڤǱ˰ɣ
ӦˡͭһͷǵĹģӦʮϵľȴֻʣЩˣǡ
ҡͷһ̾ʱǳǷ˹ȥ֮󣬱ڳУҵǣʥһѾˣոڤǣٲùū۵ˣ
ҶԭأԶԶҡͷһЦ˵꣬ǧʱ˵̫ˣټǧһֱͳ֮£ֻ粻֪ʲôʥһ壬ΪͳԼ쾭֮ˡ
ʥɨ嶼ڣһͷңסĻҲǳģȻǱ˵ūšͭع飬֮ȻҪˣʱһȻ֪뻵ʱ²ںͭ
ֻǣȴҪһʱܰ쵽ˡ
Ȼ֮ѾƽҲͲٹȥֱͭȥһˡ
Ⱥͭ׷ʱҶ뿪ڤǡ
صҶֱҵĪܡĪܼôֻΪǵһ̽һʣôǱ˹Σ
ѾƽˡҶ˵
ŶѾƽ˰Īһͷһ԰ʥ֮͢ǰûɴƽ֮Ұ
ǸոƽġҶ˵
˵ƽģĪһ֮ɫסҶ㡣
ȻһҶ˵ԭˣֵŮ
ĸƽһ֮ңĪһľȡ
Ҫǵʵ̫ǿ˵ʵֲôҶ˵ǵ޾ʥ޷ǳ֮⣬ûʲôʥˣһȻǸճʥãȡôһˣҲʲô
Īŵϴȫϲˡ
ǡ˶ʲôκ̲סʡ
һкͭǰڤԭˡҶ˵ʵ㲻°ɡҪŮһײһһһ䣬˫ãһз籩ӵʥޱȣʥ޼ͼǧˣҲ͸պǴƽ֡
⡭ⶼЩʲô˰Īܳױɵˡʥּļһʥߴ뼸ʮҲǶ֣СѾͷƴʥޣһλͼǧ
šҶһͷͦɣ
ֱֹǡĪ֪ܲʲôˡ
ˣһ㣬ôʥ֮һ֪ǵʲô𣿡Ҷʡ
֪ĪҡͷûôĹôǱˣûûһѾڲŶԡ
ô籩ӡأҶ׷ʡм٣Ҳαװĳ尵е͵˵֪ôʥ֮ܲ۰ɣһŮ̬ʥܷӷ籩֮
ûĪͷҡ÷ɿ졣ôķӦȫģû˵
ôֻһֿˡҶһ˼ͷ
ôĪܺʡ
򡣡ҶһЦһңԶδӴˣǵҲãǵʥҲãŲΪ֪Ҳˣһʥ͢Żɿߡ
пܡĪܵͷЦСͦȤʵǾ֮ˣڴ˰ǽˣҲǻӭİٱŵܣ
ΩһĽǣǵļһʥ͢еȨ󡣡Ҷ˵Ǳͨʥ˸͵ʥ󱻹ټҷ֡
˭֪ءĪһЦǰǣǺ¡ʲô㣿
̽һ⼸ͨӵ硣Ҷ˵вѳҴϸоһҵĵҩ


517 ׳־
һ֮̽Ҷ㷢ʣµļ磬ǻϽ޵飬ȴǻ壬ҰռģҲֻСɵˣֻһϴϣʥˡ
Ҫ˰æҶһ˱㽫ЩС˲ƽˣص磬ڹȡʣµһöҩʼϸĥ
һʥǵҩ֮Уŵҩĳɷ֣Ҷ㽥طԼǰûмҲû˵ĵر
ȻѾ΢Լǿģĳֲ֪Ŀʯɢŷ㣬΢ģĳˮصˮȻǹ壬ڵҩƶ·Ѩæµϰģĳֲ
˵ⵤҩĳɷУҶʶû֡
ⵤҩȴɾʮֲͬɡ
ʮְ
Ҷ㲻ҡͷ̾治֪ܷЩϣ֪ҵЩϡ
˵ɡ
ʥ֮ڷܣһ֮䣬ʥͿԲ䣬غ֮Уֱ֮ϣÿһʲôأʲôĵرڵУʥֱɢȥҩеĳɷѰЩϣȻҵֲϡ
ϲ䴩ȥֲϲɼһ󲿷֣װ֮С
Īܺͻ򵥽˼֮ٶȳ⼸֮Ѱңһæµ֮ҵʮֲϣһѾʮֲϡ
ʮ֡
Щռֻͨʣ°ڤﻹδȥˣҶҡͷһЦԿǴ
һ밬ڤǣҶ͸Ӧһʥ˱ǣȻǺͭѾһıǻָʡò֪ʥóȻ룬ͻ
һЦʥֱɢΧ
ʱһʥȴʥƿţͭ㴫˹λѣѵûз֮𣿡
ҡҶ㵭һЦ
ҶһƬ̼亮ͭҶǰһЦݵⲻǣӦ˷ܹͷˣͺͿˣôûܷأ֮ǰߵôæλôͻȻһ׼ҲûС
ҪѰҼƵҩҶ˵
ԭˣҰæͭæʡ
ˡҶһЦ뿪Ц˵񷽲Ҿͳˡ
ǣͭҲ뿪ЦֱͦӦ
ЦЦҶɢʥٴѰ
Σκ󣬼Ҷʥͭæʵ
ȻǧĴ硣Ҷһͷ¶ϲɫﾹȻʮҪĲϡ
̫ˣͭЦˣܰҶһæʵǿ֮¡
ԼæɡҶ˵ڤٷϴ٣æһˡ
ǰͭ̾˿
һҶ뺮ͭǱȥռǶʮֲϣ˱㼯Ƶҩʮֲϡ
࣬Ǻ͵ҩڲṹһ±Ƚϣһ¾˵˰ء
ʮֲϣⵤҩ֮ΪĵĲϣʮ֮Сǲҵʮ֣ƳҩЧ򼸸ۿ۵ĵҩҲԳɹ
äĿѰȥĴ㣿Ҷ˼֮ȴȻʥһˡϾ˴ļ˲䶼ѾԼƽػĴ󷲼磬϶Ӱ죬Լɻȥ
¼ʶ㣬֪ⵤҩĳ㲻֪˵Ҳ԰ԼѰʣµĶʮֲϡ
⣬ҶֱӽĪܺ˸Լ۶˹
Χ˲Ѿɨ壬˲ڣȴԻȥˡдǿȴܱս˱ˡԶ˵ҽڴ˴Эش˵أ֮⣬κܣɽǡ
İɡĪЦһΪʥ˿ŲңʥˣǲôӲģǾƴһˣ
ۡҶתۣʱˣԸ
ʵȴδʥʽϿɣɽʥ򡣡Ҷ˵ģҶʥʥߵλ
лˣ۹ߵס
ڴλ磬һλ˰ţ𣿡Ҷ˵
ǣ۹Ӧ
źһУҶŴѩӰĶȥݣһ·صء
Ҷһ˶Իش󽫾ɴһ˿ӭ˳һЦʣôҶǻ𣿡
ҶЦҡͷ󽫾ɸҵپʵǿһһʮҽ֮ȴ׵ر㽫ļ˲ɨƽ󽫾
ʲô󽫾һ£Լˡ
Ҫл󽫾ǡҶһЦҪ£ҪʥһˣͲ󽫾ˡˣҶһ˲ռݵ磬ʥ͢ɷȻˣȿأСѾ˱ǣ󽫾·ȥѰ
˵ţһΰλõ˴󽫾һ֣󽫾һ
󽫾æһ֣Ǿн죬ôְأء
󽫾Կ档ҶһЦǳʥٻȥ㱨ѡ£󽫾͡󽫾ʱ䣬ɵȥӲһ֪ƽΧ˲֮²١
˵ţҲǴ󽫾ֱӼݳȥ
Ǵ󽫾ıӰһɻѵĽΧļ˲䣿ôܣսʿǡ
뵽˴ȴͻȻһңֻжһҲĿɿڴţȴһ뵽һ֮¡˽ҶⷬĶС
ʱΪԼپҶ㣬ԼɾҪùˣ
ɳһ亹ȥֻһвҶ˵һ㣬ǲǼٵġ
ôôù̯鷳
ʱҶȴѾڶȥ˿ռŻ֮ءʮλʥķʦһŻҶɳ۹ȥúص˰˻ʥ֮ڣ¡
㣡һҶ㣬˵ȼһ½ס˷ܵ˵ҵĺõӣһ˽֮УȻ˴ջ̫ˣ
ָޱҶʡ
ȻˡЦúϲ£졣֪𣬵֪ޱȻõһֻʥʱʱʹӱվġ
ô𣿡ҶЦˡ
ţҡͷЦ֪ʥжǿ𣿡
֪Ҷ˵ͷභ֮ʱѾ˰ܱ׼ѩӰæȡɵԪޱ£ʹޱʥŽʥշ
ܲʥ񣬵ʤѸ٣ʥǿֻҲѴõ˵ˣޱһԶʥһ㣬ұ˻޷ȥΪʥѾΪԼĺӡ˭Ҳ޷ĸ뺢ӷġ㣬ȿֱӳΪʥĴˣ
ʥϣǷȨˣԼأҶ۾һæʡ
ԥһ£ҡͷһЦʥֻ˲ţȻҲμսֻǸѣɵþɵ÷ءģȴҲֻھ֮С
ôұ㻹ǵҵĽɡҶһЦ
ΪΣ̲סʡ
ΪҪһ˶¡Ҷ˵
£һ
ʥػʥ֮͢£бǿռȥķ磬ػʥͼ֮УҶͳȴµ֮һ


518 ʥ
㣬Ļʡ
Ҷͷ
ɵӡ¿Цһ֪֪һֺõ£
֪Ҷᶨһʥʷ˵ȴҪջأڳʥ͢
㻹Ҫɣ
ΪΪҶ˵ΪĲһ˽ҵΪ֮ˡڰڤǼķˣѾ޷áˡƺͷ棬ڣΪѹȣΪūΪ澣ⲢǻӦ
ǳԷʥԶԷиԵʰɣʡ
ҲɡҶһЦ
ôȷھܼ֮־򣿡ʡ
ܼ֣ʦʥ򣡡ҶĻ
ã¼˸סҶۡ㣬ûп㣬Ȼûп㣡֧㣬ʲôȥɣһᾡȫ֧㣡
лʦҶ㹪һȻٺЦţǵҩ˳ʦ¾һҪæ
ʲôµͷһֽ˹ɲǼɫһ䣬Ȼʥ
ʦȻϵⵤҩҶЦˡ
ģ¼æʡ
һ˵֮УһԳˣɡҶ㽫֮½һ飬˵ⵤҩʱżȻֵġһʮöֻö
ʧ˵񵤰˵걾һλʥƶ˵ʹùö˵Ҫƣװ֮ãϧʥȴ֪ΪͻȻʧٲǶһҲ޷ҵ˵ƷҲʧˣֻһЩƷҩַʥиսĴɷֵģܾǴս֮ʱĳλʥЯʥɡûʧ٣˵ɴ죬ĸ֣ǾҪдˡ
˵ţɳ̾һ
ʧꣿҶʮơʦӦþⵤҩƷڰɣΪβɷ֣죿
ɷ֣Цˣӣ˵ʲôɵ֪ɺĵرɣʥʧ𣿡
֪ɷֲѰҶƵʡ
һöҩ֪ɶĵرɣҶѾ΢ʲô˿֪ĳɷ֣ҡͷһЦ
ôܰҶ˵
㡭ʲôЦһ
ⵤҩɾʮֲͬһɹɣѾռʮ֣ʮ֡˵ʣʮ֮СҶ˵ҲżϻæҵǶʮֲϡ
¿Ҷ㣬ðû˵
ʦôˣҶǰ˰֡
㲻ںҿЦ֪ⵤҩɷ֣ʡ
ʥ̽飬ֻҪģһһ֪Ҷ˵
찡ָŶͷһŴҶҪ˵ʲôȴ֣ȱ˵Ҿһ
Ҷ㲻ٶ˵ʲôֻվһԵκ²վþעҶ㣬ͷҾ֪һ֮Ľϲڤڤ֮ţҪⲻᡣ
ʦ˼ǡʥ˶޷ʥⵤҩɷ֣Ҷʡ
ǡ»ͷʥ˽дܣ¼仹ʲôҩκһöҩõǰʱ֪䷽ǿκѴĵҩ㣬֮ͨܰ
ô佱Լӣ𣿡ҶЦˡ
ӣһЦʵӤʱӡħ֮⣬Ϊʲô
ʹҳΪħʹҲнճɾ͡Ҷɫ˵Ĵ졢ɾҡҵʦʦ
¿Ҷ㣬һЦҡҡͷ
õӡ˵Щʣ漴ָֻ
ǰλ˵ţҲһĲܡ˵ֻϧĲܣȴʵҲɡһҲڤڤע֮°ɡ㣬ҩ֮Ұﲻ㣬ɼ֮ҲֻܰСæΪ֪ǵҩĳɷ֣ȴ˵ΪİȴҲֻǱ֤뵽˭ĳȥҶʥּ⣬κ˶㡣
Ǿ̫ˡҶһЦ»ʦұܡ
סµͷλδȣóȻ֪رֻӴΣաһ㱣ܣԼҲҪСġ
Ҷһͷ˵ұϾΪˣ˴δþͬ뿪ֻ¾Ǳ߻ûҡ
¡ЦһգޱѾΪϡʥ֮Ȩ⽨Լĵ̣ȨȴԸд󽫡ǽޱÿȥǸӣκ˶Ȩߣȥ˵£
˵ʱҶҵ˿ֱޱߵ¡
Ҷ㣬üͷ΢΢
㣬־Ǻõģûаѻ˵ٿһ°ɡޱѵ֮ģΪСС֮¶ǵǰ̣
ǰ𣿡ҶһЦڷ֮ʱĸʮ۷岻´ȨΣǰ̣ʥڷ䣬绽꣬ǸԶǰ̣
ֻǵЦû˵ʲô
ȻѾҲ˵ʲôˡȻʥĴߣҲδӡȥδӣԼɡеĳϻỹǱҪٿģǹء
û⡣Ҷһͷޱ᲻ߣǲŹأ
ûãʮλϱ´о룬ڿԵĴϯλ֮ϣֻޱһŮߣȴͬһķ羰
һһĲˬ˵ҶԲ˽ʱһӣҶ㣬Ϊ򽫾ְô˽Ի
һġ»˵ʲô𣿡
ҶǾн졭һüڡ
ҲһġҲ˿ڡ
һ˰죬ںһٶԡλʥһ𷢻ٲʶҲܶ˵ʲôˡ
λҶˣҪΪ֮¡»˵Ҷ֪Ҷδӣʥͽ˲֮⣬УƽҡҶظƽ֮ңҪʥδӣȴʺϡ
˵꣬һѾҷԣϸոջΪʥʥһкʥһлȱ˽⣬ʱӦʥ֮кúѧϰǡһôȴʲôҲȥʥ
˵˲㡣Цһ˼δ򸾣Ҫ˭ϣ˼أ
ȻҪȥ򡣡ޱʱ˵ҷɳ˭ܷԣʥ͢ǹٶ࣬ɷɭϣҲֹǷž۰ɣ
⡭һһʱû˵ˡ
ʲôʲôҶһϣһֱΪֵǸӢۣȴ壡Һ˵Ҳʥ£ǾˣΪʥϣȨҡýҪʥͽңǺϺʥ͢ɷ֮£ʥսԵУһӦΡҲҪʥֻ֣Ҫҵδߣ˭˭ǳԣߣȴ飡
׺Ŀ⣬ֱһʥҲɴ˸¡
սҶʥøΪ죬֮ʱвͬʥ֮ǿȴһҲЩܲסˡ
Ҷ㣬ǹȻʥ𣿡һվ
һǹȻʥ͢𣿡Ҷ۳ݺݵһһ¡һֻһƣ̲סƺһһˤС
˿ȴҶһŵõ


519 ɽ
¾ôˡһһۣ˵븨һͬ׼Ҷ򣬽Σʥˣʾʥʴϡ
лҶޱһſʩ񣬿ЦŰ˰֣ҲҪСĲǡ
һҧгݣƫ̻ˣҲ޼ƿʩֻˡ
֮뿥˽̸һ󣬽Ҷ㡢ޱ˴ԼУСĶ˵㣬ʥԭ֮УҲʥڲ֮ʥĵر֮أɽλʥ֮أҸһ鹬ǳţɽɽѰԭϡ
˵ţóһƽҶ㡣
лʦҶ㼱æͷӹ
Ҫע⣬򲻿ɽС˵ɽ֮Զ౦Ϊλʥ֮أԽȥʥ֮Խǿ˽ӽʥ֮ǿ޷ȴǲκʥ˶
ô£ޱһ
û̫Ĺȣ㶼޷ֱͶ̫Σʡ
ˡҶһͷʥں˴ȫԽʥ˵ȫѹʹһͨ˰ɣ
ǵġµͷȥұʥĵشѰֱӱǰǰҲˡ˵ж£
ǿ¡ޱһͷ
һҪСģǧ򲻿̰ڡ¶Ҫ֪ΪΪʳ
ǣ˼æͷ
ͨɽ·˺±Խ˳ȥʥʥͨɽҲңԶ·;ԶǽʥǾ޴ɫռŻֱ֮ӴԽռ䣬λʥĵشһʥֵ֮С
뿪һֵ˳µ󳵣ֱɽȥһ·ʥ羰ȴʹǶʥ˽ࡣ
ʥ֮ڣɾ߿ƮʥϢ۳ɵɫһƬϲСϪˮ峺ޱȣǱڵĴӣҲǿһӴ֮ף峺ظɽɫۣ޷жʥˣؼࡣ
һ;ɫһӽɽڵһƬɽ֮ǰһâһȴսǰסǵȥ·
ߺˣúǰɽ
һսһλʥ˴ʵ
򽫾Ҷ㣬Яʥޱʥ֮ɽѰҶվһֺͳʥơ
ʥ˽ӹϸһȻɫػҶ㣬һЦףλкջ񣬵ҪעⲻҪ̰óʥ̶
лѡҶòһ֣սʱڹâʧ
˳˳ڶȥɽ·ǰֻ·ڴһ޴ʯǿʥš˻ʥɽ֣»һС֣ȴκɽȡʥˣв̰óʥʥ̶֮У֮ͨܣҲڡ
˳Ŵ·ɽУǴ·ȴխʻ֮С·ľͷһʯǿʥ˲ҪóĻޱһͷʥأȻڷѡ
СЩҶһͷ
ǰȥɽ֮СԽȥʥ֮ԽǿҲܷУֻڵϱۣ࣬нֻ˴󳵣ͽڶȥ
ʱȴиϢ˹ҶϸӦֻɢЩϢģһĵرۿԶһƬʻɢһ˵ֻǲɻƣֻʥҲҪһȥֻһ仨֮óʮ׵ǿ߻һա
һȴ̲סȥժʮ䣬ֱ֮ɷ
磬⻨ãûʲôðɡޱ˵
ǰʥ˶ԣ֮ġҶһЦֻ뵽䣬ȴ˲õıл͹ȥǿϮֻƾ⼸仨ȫԱѪУ֮ȫˡ
Ǹǳʮףµ෨ʲô˸ȥϮǣޱЦˡ
ҲǡҶҲһЦ
ԽߣӦϢԽ࣬ĵرҲԽ࣬Ҷ㼸ۣȡЩתһȴԳһЦСȥֻⱲҲ߳ɽˡЩãȴ޴壬ǺúѰǼԭϰɡ
һ·ڣʥɢȥȴҲַԲ֮ء⻹ʥ֮ԶԶǿ˵ԵʣޱƴȫɢʥҲַԲɿռ䣬Ҷһȼֱһһ
һһ˰֮ȴҶ㷢һԭϣϲ֣æȥɼ
һ·ڣ֪˰ٶʱȴҲҵʮʥԭϡ
ʥ֮㣬Ȼʥ˵ȴҲʱʥ˵ģһλĸһ㡪ȻܵƲƤȴҲõĵıůİ
˲ǰУʥ֮£ȴ˿ƣҲʳϢһ̽ѰͬʱҲɽˮ
һôɽУƺҲޱ߱˵
ʿ˰ɡҶһЦ
˵ţȴӦһʥ˵Ϣǰмʮɺ󣬱һλɽѰʥˣ˫Ѻü˼֮зֿѰԼҪ֮ȥˡ
ȥ˲ѰߣҶǼ򵥽䣬æȥˡ
ڣǧҶȴҵʮԭϣˣֻʣԭˡ
Ҷ㼤ѡҪ֪ʥһöͿԲȫʥƳҶƾ֮ʥǽܷӳ
ԽԽ˷ܣҶ̲סޱּӿ˽Ųһ·Ѱɽȥ
֪֮䣬ȴֻʱгǧ·һ·ϣҶӦϢȴȥһֻѰԭϡ
ϧһ·ȴһ
ĵؼǰɽΧʥ֮ҲԽǿޱʥֻɢʮɷΧ
ֵǣҶȴӰ죬ʥ֮ԿɱַԲĳ̶ȡ
ˣȴҲûעΧʥ֮ı仯룬ַһԭϡ
ȴڰ֮һطҶϲ֮£ޱֱ˹ȥ
磡ʱޱȴһָָ࣬Ҷתͷһֻһ޴ʯɢһʥʥȴǹҪôԵʥעһ㣬Ͽһд֣ʥģ룡
ȻʥģҶ㲻һü
磬ǰȥˡޱǵ˵
аҶҡͷѾӦһԭϣǰ֮ôܾʹתͷȥ
ǡޱǵָʯȥΣ˰
ӦֻǺԵҶ˵ȥҲ޴¡ޱһ롪ǰһ̤룬ôǰλŵʦβɼһԭϵģ
ǡСЩˡޱ˵ͷ
һʲôԣҲ취ԮҶ˵
ޱȴҪһͬȥҶ˵˵ŽȰסȻԼǴɱȥ
תۼ䣬ƹһƬӣһԭ֮أϲ֮Сĵزɼ㹻ԭϣֽʥǰɢȥǷҵһԭϡԼ֮䣬ȴĸӦһԭϵϢϲ񣬲һеǰȥ
ǰʦɵԭϣ˵ԲΣ֮أܽܳұܽܳ


520 ʥ
Ϊ˵õһԭϣҶǰȥ
Χʥøǿ󣬵гʮԶͻȻһâһ֣֮أ֣ǰһ
ǰһҶվԭأ˼
ǰգһǰҪ˵أǰλʦβɵһԭϣ
ԭʥĵԭϣûϾʮԭϣȴҲ޷ƳһЧʥȴȱɡ
ȥҶڴǰһ´ǵ֣֮ڶȥ
ɲǼ䣬ʥ֮ܵ˾޴Ӱ죬һֻʮɷΧĵز΢΢üƾŷŵĸӦǰȥһԭ֮ء
ȴһޱȵʥ֮Ѿ۳ָװһ龧壬Өͨ͸ޱȣڿУ·ˮسظ
һ龧壬ҶѹסԼ˷֮飬˹ȥ֣ش壬ҪץС
ͻȻ䷢Ǿȴ͵һʲôǣһ㣬ǰɿƮߡ
ˣ
ҶһǰȥһѽǾεץС
ʱȴҲǾ޴סһǰ
֮УȫԿȴвǾǰɲǼ䣬еľʧˣ·±һ׹룬һһһ㣬ǰûɽһƬɫĹâҫ
ϹеңԶԼԿһ߾ѾʧȥϢʥ֮ǻǴż̵ףׯϵĳۣƮϹ֮УͬһſŵʯϢ
ҶͷһôǰʦҲɵĵԭΪ԰ȻƳǿʥȴ
ҧǾٶȴԽԽвһϲæϷԿԽñԽԽС
ڶԿ֮УϹһ߾ʥ˵źƮŮһѾӲϣ¶һʹε顣
ʱȴֲԶľʥ˵źȴǽܵһ𣬶һ΢ȴź䴫ȥ
ף
һסľźǣӽ֮ʱȴӦĵһһ̰ĵļһ
ǻţ
ҶͷһתͷǣֻǶԼȻ۾Ѿ޷գĿȴ͸һĹʡ
Ļţ
ʱҲĵȴȫǾ찡СӾȻתͷܰǿʥҲҪľѹƣ˵תͷգ۶ɰ԰㿴ֵܾգۡһΣǻþˣٿƾҪˡ
ޣҪҲȷŶԡ
ƾʲôȷ裿ˡ˶ˣ
ͷǧˣǧˣⶼǵá
šʵ˵ʵҲǵˡ
еģȻʲôʱ䣬
ЩӲܶٲתҪɷɵӵģ
ô˵ǲѾˣȻôῴҶأ
⼸һȻҶ㣬ԼǱû꣬һûһģ˵˵ЦЦȻͦ˼
ҶǳԾСʱȥһλǷ˵ˣ
ǧˣǧ꣡һ
ǧ𣿡һӿ
˵ǾǰɣҲν
ףǽǷ˺Ļأ
ҲתԴ
죬ǲܵģǣôǿֵܣգ۶ܣܣ
Ҷ֪ôȥĸǧꡣһ߾˵֮һ߽Լ㡣Ǿ޴ǣ֮Ľ֮Уڽˣǿƶӣ͵һ˶ȥ
ˣȻˣһ
ģǵĻ룡
찡Ȼƶʲôˣôô
λֵܣȾǰɣǱǧ꣬ôһȥҪˣ
ǰֵܱһ𣬶ٻܻ೶Ƥͷˣ
˼Ҷ㲢ǻþʱ˷Ҷ㴫
ҾҶһͷץסһˣ͵Լ˹ʱѾڵ˶㣬ȴ֧ĸ˵һҧ͵һȡһöʥ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ڱΧʥ֮Ҳӿ壬һֿξɽ컻صǿоһʱźĴ෴ķȥ
찡ǾȻеþȵһ죿
˼飬̫˼ˣ
ҶûǵҽУһ·ȥʱȴԶһĹâҫǹâʾһֳ֮ɫɢһȵϢϸһȻһֻ޴Ļ¯Ͼƣһ¯̽ͷ
Ҷ͵һΪѾӦǾȻһʥ
ʥ¯̬ʥ᲻һߣ
Ķ֮䣬һ·ſֵܣ͵ط¯ӶȥֵһһСֵܣʲôȥֵܣȥҪɱôֵܣô벻ֵܣĸ˵
Ҷ㲻ǵҽУֱǻ¯ȥǰŷǻ¯ߴɣ޴ޱȣǾƬɼ·С󣬹̶̬һ㡣
¯ϣһӡӡ֮Ҷ䲻ϵãȴͨӦ֪дǡ족֡
֣ȷʵһֻ߻¯Ҷ㲻Ҷൢ飬ֱӽ¯֮УȻ͵Ҫֵܶȥ
ʱδȫرյ֮ȴʥǿϢһ׹һĿڴ˳˲ԶңԶԶͬһ׹ҫһһ׹һ
ô£Ҷ㾪㵲ѣ֪ʲôʱԶǵ׹⽥̣ȴһȻＲɶҶԽԽ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ㿴ʲôȻһɸߵʥ
һʥһ𱻷ӡʥĵش֮в֪ʥǾ޴֮ϣһâ׹⣬ɢ˹֮
Ҷ㼸סˣϲ֮أȻ
ǿһʥ񰡣
һֻʥ߾¯
Ҷһʵȴֻޱ޼ʵʥ֮壬ӦΧΣգǿϲ֮ѹ
һʥ񣬱еʥţֱæ㹻ڣʥ׽С
ʱһɾ޴ǣ֮ȴһ½Ҫ
Һòд˾޴ջôܾʹޱңҲյһ
Ȼ䣬Ҷʥұڵޱȫˣʥڡһ˲ʥһԾ磬ҫ۵׹⣬Ȼһ֮䣬޴˳ȥγһǿޱȵһƶҶǰɶȥǾǣ
ҶĿ˸סֵܣһץסһֱۡ
ֵܵ壬ͽһʱҶһżɳȥʥ˵ź߷Ӷȴһ֮⡣
ͻȻ䣬ΧϢһ䣬һƬƬľӳҶֵܣԼʥھˤ˵ϣһ·ʮɲͣ


521 ǼĽ
ҶǿһʣʥֻͣԼֵܶҪֱѹ
ϢŽʥ磬ҶڵϣȴһҲվ
ֵȴͬʱһԼֱۣȴȭЦ졣
ڳţһʹ飬ͻȻƿ
һǧ꣬ǱˣһС
ҶǳһˣһˣһС
ȻǹЦһߵҶǰһء
лˣ
û˴ȣΣôܶƮţﰡ
л˾ǳǼֵܷǣҲᱨ֮£
ԣ˾ǵĸǿ϶ñ
ʲôǱȶٴǧ꣬ôܵǵĸĸأ
Ǵȷ㶮
ʵһûö˺úϢ
ջСʥء
죿Ҹ˵ʵ˱𵽴˵ñ֪ٸ˴鷳㲻
ǡǡǣ
ĸΧҶ˵û꣬ҶЦáʱһŲȴޱҴҵر˹һˣһ
˵òÿ˵ʵڵģǽԳɣҲҪӢһЩ˶֣ʵˣ·һ㣬һ˵ҲɢϢ˵η壬ҿ
磬û°ɣһҶ㱻ΧڵУϢ΢ޱһ½üëһʱӿҪ˳֡
Ҷ㼱æ֣ᣬⶼѡ
λǶ˵ʲôˣֵһʡ
һ۾ܿ϶Ƕ˵ˡһ˵
һǶ˵أһ˵
ǳҲ񰡡һ˵
һǳòأǸ˵
ޱʱҲ˿Цõĸо
֪λγƺҶЦʡ
ǼĽաһ˵Ǵ϶Ƕȣӣơ
Ǽҵͷһɣ϶ǶЦʡ
⡭ҶһЦҳʥ򲻾ãȴ֪ʥʥǸˡ
ʵԥ˵ʵ뵽ǧʱ䣬ֻǼһѾ˰ɡҲΪǼðսʥѰر
Ӧǡ̾ϢţѾǼĺˣûºӣԡ
ɲǶҡҡͷȴˡ
ǧꣿޱһͷˮȫ˵ʲôҶ㼱æ
û£ֻһʱ͡ҶһЦ˵ʥ֮ǿޱȣҲɣòþָܻġ
ˣԶɣǶʱ˴ʥĲԶæţҶޱܡ㲻ʥٰȥһ군ˣ
ԶԣֵҲŵͷһɱһһʥ˲ڵʯԣͣ
磬òǡޱʱ뵽һֿܣɫһ±ò԰ޱȣҲ
ҲǺúõĳ𣿡ҶһЦ
ǿǶȸ̾ţʥֵطǶѹסգ۶ܣȴջ˺ü
סڣ۾һɣ˵ܽ˵ȥ𣿡
Ƕ˵ˣʲôǶ硣
ڻ֪λﵽǶ˵ʲôأ˵ˣղŲǻ˵Ƕ˵𣿡
ҵδӣޱҶЦ˵Ҷ㡣
ԭ˽Ҷ㰡Ƕȵͷ֣鷳Щֵܵļ򵥺üǡ
ҶӦǺ𣿡㡯ɶ˼ӡ
ʥǧ꣬Ҳ𣿡ӵһۡ
־֣ʲô˼˼ģҲһۡ
Ҷ֪˵ȥֻ»˵ǧҲ˵ꡣɸпֻΪֵһܲϻ̸ͦǧɡֻһ˱У˵жԶûнѵϣ˵ǧֻ꣬°һǧ󣬾̲סҪϾʥɱˡ
ˣλʥˣܵһЩʥǿߵĴѹȴҪ׳Աλ޴ȥΣ
ܸӦ˵ǱѰĪȣҲûԶҪȽϣֻκһˣ֮϶Լ൱ϻôһ㳬Խܽߣȷʵ׳
Ҳáӵ˵ͷȴǸ鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳أƲʣǼĽʵǿһ׳˵ʵô鷳أ
ӣǫ˵Ӻݺݵһۡ
û£ʱ˷ģʲô˸Ҹ˹ȥǼĽձ仨ˮ
ûǶȸŵͷ
ޱɱ˶ЦˡȻǿȴɰ³çЩȴһϲġ
Ҷµ£ޱȴְˣֵصҶ㣺磬֪ˣҲһҲ׷ʥġ
Ҷ㿴ޱǸε˵ޱҲԣҲΪһԭ϶ա
Ӧң´βҪٵˡޱһᡣ
ҲˡҶЦһȻ֪ΪʲôҿӵзʥǣȴҪļʵ˵ֻһʥʥһ֮ͬƶֻҪԶˡʥ֮ȻرҪõȴҪҲðˡ
һʥ񣿡ޱһ
㿴ɣԼ¸ˡǶȳ˵
Լ˵һ£ҽһ¡ضǶ˵ɷ֮䣬ҲСһ˲¸Լأһ죬˾͵ùˡ
ŶǶȻȻ
˺ﻹûףôܽСšأ⻰⡣ҡͷ˵
ǣǲ⣬ǧʱǵ⡭̾ϢŶҶ˵
ҶޱЦˡ
ջ񼫴󡣡Ҷ㲻ֵһ˵û꣬һ˵һߴޱһʥޱ¶ϲĿ⣬˵ٴջҲûҪɲˡ
֪ҶһͷǾ¯˹ޱ㿴ʦ֮ǰ˵ҪʥΪһߣȴʡˡֻʥ¯Աһߣұǿʥˡ
ʦ֪˴£һҲݺݽѵ㣡ޱָҶϵ˵㡣
ֻһΣ²ΪҶ˵ͷʥĵķȴ¡
һ̫ΣˣȻջ޴󣬵һñԶʥģıľҶ̲ס˸¡
ٿֵܣֺôܻǧ겻ϣ
뵽ʣʱڣֵȴЦ
Ҳ֪˳ֵڳ˰ɡ˵
ȥİɡӵһۣҶ˵һֱӦʥĴȻǣȴҲǣΪһֱ֮УԲܲϲҲӦŵģ˵ǧ൱ɡ
ÿѽǶȴ˸£ǲٶ꣬һǧٶûǶûǣǾ͵ٴϡ
ָ
ޱ̲סЦ̶̲ס


522 
ǲֻоţſԳΪʥˣ
ǣ
ȷʵֻоŲлӱΪʥˣʥ֮пɲˡЩʥǵҲȺʥ˼Уôػõĸ΢չˣҪٳΪʥˣʲô¡
Щʥˣϲһ޾ֱ֮ʱŻῼǺ⣬ǾͽһֱӴһ˶һʥˣʥʡ
ǼĽշŵȥֻ˶˵˻϶ǱȻӻá
ⲢĲܳʥ
ʵǼĽΪҵûԭ򣬲ûܸĸչˣǿԼŬһʥġҲ˵ʵӵоŻߣ򲻿ԽҶĳ̶ȡ
ţָţǵ̡
ΪŲǾˡȻҶ֡
ʷǿӢ̶ۣߣЩеȱۡ˵ʥŴһλһʮʥӢۣƽʱ˵˰ġ
Ҳû˼ҺɨķȢλʼҹ
ǼĽһֱͣ˵ЩҶ⣬ޱ⡣Ҳȥ⡣ǼĽѾҶ㣬͹ˣ㹻ǿҲˡ
Ѿ룬ȥ𣿡ޱʡ
ȫĵطҶ˵ҲʥŨĵطʥǵɣǵʵٴ
ãΪ㻤ޱһͷһԭҰ֮лǻһƬʥʥɡ
찡찡Ҳǿ˰ɣʥޣ˵еʥްǶȽ
ʥްƸ̾ţ˵Ҳǿ󰡣
˵ǻûףǿ
֪ĸܴܲ˼·ܵȫͬ
磬ҺͶ˵δ޶֣ǶȿٺֱЦ
ЦѡɵЦ
ĸһֹȥޱЩˣҲʵǿǧǰǰֻ⼸˴СдҶ
̽ԼϣȻǶȺѧӿεҡͷ̾Ϣޱ˰֣ģҿǣ˭ҳҾһŰߵһȥ
ʹɣô̲סٺһЦ
һŰ߳һɿ⡣
Ҿ˵Ǵƨɣֹ
һ߶ȥޱ
ĸһ̷ҲƵˡ
ҡͷһЦҶ֮нǾ¯ȡ˳ʥʥһУɽʥĵľ޴뽫ʥڵȫųȫԼʥ
ʥʥһӿУһʥ֮пտյֱͺһɺ˵ĺӴһ㣬ʥʥһӿУʱգȴûκֿ
ѵΪʥ֮УĨɱԭ˵⵹ǰҵĴæ
ҶһΪý飬Ͻʥĵľ޴ԼһȦתԼʥٲϴ¯Сģ¯ӱɢһ⣬
ʱ֮ҶڵѾָ¯ҲҶʥʥ¯һҫ۵ĺ⣬ɢޱֱоܲˣ̲סԶȥ
ʥɼæչỤסޱ
Ҷ¯һģ¯ӵһȫ뵽¯ڣ¯ȴֻ΢΢ȡޱŸоһЩʥ˹
ʥ¯ӿӦ¯ӵҶ㽥˸ǿġһǾʮԭиȡһݣСĽͶ¯ڣ֮¯ϣϥ¯ߣԾǿʥ֮¯ת
˲䣬¯һСȻͷСһҶǰ˸ڣ˸ȴǿʼ
ǾʮԭϣҶеϷʽںţһ𡣵Щԭǿ¯ڵĻ֮ԿʱҶ͵һ¯Ǿʱſ죬³һ棬һЩʡ
ھ֮£ЩƬ̼㱻Ҷ־һ
ˣֱʮʱҶ͵һۣˣ
һľ¯¯бʱһâ֮С⻹ŻȵĵҩʥĬĬظӦͷʥˣ
һ˦֣ǵҩޱȥޱæסУϸӦɵͷⵤҩǿҸо̷ȥֻ¾ʥѾһգҲʱ㣡
ıҶһЦޱһöֻ飬Ϊһԭ̫ѵãҲܲСġѾȫļɣҪЩԭһţҪǷֹĽչҡ
ˡޱһͷ˫ֲǸҹСеģҾʥɰһץʥȥ
СԶǼֵ˸ŵʱԶŲ˸ѡ
ſƵšÿ°
ѾƵľ飬ʣµľͺðˡҶһ´磬ʮԭϱһ¶˾¯ʥ͵һʱֻԭɸߵĴСеԭ϶롰ǡУ潫֮Χ
ҶϥСĽ֮ž¯ڵЩԭϷֱſСĵϡ¯ǾʱҶĿǿĻ棬ԭϡ¯ڵĻ棬ʱҶ仯شУϵصʹЩԭϡ
֪䣬ʮʱȥҶȴͻȻ𣬴һһ˾¯ϣʱһɢ֮ȴͬһССһ㣬ڿߣȻ䵽ҶУγһҩСɽ
ʮöҶЦ˵úƳ˾ʮöʥ
ټһöǾʮöޱЦŽԼһöСĵطǵҩСɽϡ
ʮöԣǾʮöҶһ֮Цˣȴ֮ǰһöɺϣڤڤеʥɾʮԭɣҵһƣȴƳ˾ʮö
ɡޱЦ˵Ҳλǰʧ˵ʦвĳΪȴԸ㽫Ӧɵ׳٣иϡ
ΣҵлλǰǰоЩ棿Ҷ߾ǵҩᷢʥ֮ȴǳǵҩһ
ǰҲ֪ʬǺڣⵤҩѪķұʩɣ
ʥ֪͢¡ޱϲ˵ֻʱܱΪϽɡ
֪ҶҡҡͷΪ˵ȻѾƣĿǰȴҲֻʮöΪԭϵ˵ؼԭϣȴӽʥĵĵطҪһֺԭϣʥ壬ǼʥıԵҪɼһΣ֣ȴҲ֪ʥıԵǷСҲʥ۶ɣһС飬ҪҲ˵޷ơʱʥ֪͢ȻҪǽʮöϡ
ǿɲɣޱҡͷ˵ƴŪģ˭Ҳ
˵Լ֮⡣
Ҷ㲻ЦˣޱһʥһǼĽգɣѾˡ
Ƭ֮˱ɱ֮⣬һ죬ҳӡ
ˣٱǡޱЦˡ
ﲻһɿ־˵ʥıǧ꣬˵ϰཻʱǲ֪ĵö໶ء
ǰһͷ
λҪȥǼȻңͬȥһͬѪˣƬɣΣҶʡ
ȫ˵ģͬ


523 ˵ͻϮ
뿪ʥշתص磬һ֮УҶӦսϢ
ǿʥ֮ݺţһһǿߵʹ綼Ŷ
ãҶһüʱűɽΧǶȥ
ǳǳظһսݱǧ˰ΧһǣɱлһĺűΧȥ
һУĪʥǹȭ͵һ»һɱкȥţǾ޴Ӱ͵һײȺУ޴һ󵶡޸۵ֱۻݺһ˵Դϡ
һʱ䣬Ѫɣҽвڶ
˵̫ˣλʥǿ߸ԶԸǧ֮ڣȻɱɱȴҲΪ޴ѾϢ
·ĵϣǧ˵ʬǣλʥǿƾϵѾɱǧˡЩ˲ǵ֮ǿޱѪԵļһȻʥʲôҲǣĻۣȴγʵķԽ
˸żʮڳͷʱɱеĺ֧ԮĪܻۡʮ˵ȴԾս֣ǿʥ߶ס˳ǳأȴǰ֡
սʿУһ׳ŵվڳϣ˸һڣֻ³ǳҲʧˡ
ʣµһˣȴηںʱʱҲһУ㱻˵ŵʱ˻سڡʱģȴһӳ졣
Īܺ۶ɱۣҧгݵشţȭͻôƴɱ˾ǲϵسɱǰԼȡġ֪ȥǰ취ȴҲ޷롣
һλʥˣڴ֮Уʱ͵Ϯˣ˽ͷöÿҪȥɱʥˣ˴ǳعȥʹǲòתػ
˱ȥ֪ȴԼĽˡ
ˣĪܳ۴šҵʥȫգ޷ȥ
ҲһۿЦҲ֪Ⱥʹʲô취Ȼǵܴﵽ硣
Īܺţһȭʮ֧֮ʣʥȴȻϮצӰɨĺĪܷһʹһȭȥʥȴڴ֮󣬳Цʥˣ׷Ұ
̵ģĪܸҪ׷˴Ҫǳضȥ̲סһ䡣
ĺ֮ϣѾһƬѪ졣
ˣۼĪܵϢ䣬æɱæһ˺ۣɾ˲ᣬ㲻սˣ
ս𣿡ĪȻһЦ˽иǣѵһŴܻʥ˵ԲûסΪӻˡ𣿡
ĪܣͻȻҲЦˣ㻹ӣһһۣʱӡʱҡ٣ڹˣҲǲϧûһյ磬͡
ЦţͻȻ͵سһȺĪܵˣּѪ
Ī֣ұһս֪ǵҲǶҳϣ
ţһеʥˡ
ƴһҲҪɱ˸סǳأųһʣȴһǿʥȴҪԼ֮һͬըǲ潻սȴ˾ڻ֮µʥˡ
ãʥ˸ӦϵȴµԷҪԼͬھ֮УæԶȥȴٺһЦ͵һ¼ٳ˹ȥ
һ£ȴѾľеʥʱͬһˡȴؽʥ˱סһ𣺡ˣΪ㾡ˣ
ɲ֮䣬ӿʱҪը
ŲǶҾң
ʱһȴʥֱӽ۲޴۵֮ʹȫ޷塣
ɲ֮䣬Ҷһǰһ֣һХֵ¹ⱦٷһӽʥǵ˾֮У˲ʱ߽⣬ɳ
Щ󵨵ˣ֪ҵһȣޱҲ˽ǰһ̧֣һʥɵڣµľʱХһſڷųҲٶ˲߽ɳ
һӰҶĻзȴǰƴѩӰԾ˳͵һʱǾ޴ǣХһ˾УצӰ˺ķѡ
þûлˣǴûᰡ
УĸĴ֮һ¾ͳȺУǼĽգ
Ĵһ֣ʱǵ˸ĸԳһŵϵʥߣʹõȭȻǾɵĵȭͷӶһݺиķ˻ʲô˳嵽˽ǰѾ촦
ǵĵͬһľʱʹɱˣʱСӳƻʱȫʱʹʥնɱˡ
һ
ͺţ˫ȭһһ޴ĵȭף͵һնȺУʱնĵд󿪴ϣ˫ȭһޱȣ˿ɵ
϶
Ƕȴţ˫ȭһ·ܷ糵һ㣬٣ûκһùȥ

϶Ƕһ㣬˫ȭϸһʱʱĻͻȻſ³һ⣬˴򷨣ޱȣ˵ЩˣĪʥ佻սҲѷסûĵ쵶
ĵ
ƣƽʱû뵽ֵе˫ȭ˫ϸһ⣬ȻĵãͬһУ˹̲֮ס̾һ
ĴշսһӰݺ֮䣬˷׷䡣
⡭ĪܿĸޱȵļһһʱסˣðżؽʥʲôʱôĸµļһôһҲ֪
ͻȻ䣬һȴ뵽֮ǰĹǿߵһ˵
˵ʥ֮һʥ塪壬һеĸ֣ϵǿߣǿޱȣϰȴǾĵ˵ǧǰֵܣųǼĴգвͬޱȣʥϵʥ֮У۷ǿߣ
ЦɣĪܵɴ۾ⲻܣܣҲǧǰˣǲܻôã
ʧȥʥָӣټҶ㡢ޱɡѩӰǼĴգǧ޵ʱ΢֮£Щǿǰ˲ֻܵȴɱĿߣһ֯ηѾɱ䡣
ɱɱһǱɱùǺˣɷЦ漴ŭغ
̵ģʷŲһ㱻ǺԱʻʥǿ˶Ͳܵõ˵Ĵ綼ʥأ̵ģ
ԽԽ̲ס
ڣĪʹؽšǵ֪ǵǴӺζ
ѾˡҶӦţָָʥˡʱֹԱʥѾʥ˵ϣǼһﱻʥľ޴˼ΣȫԡѪʱѾˡ
ͷˣͷһ۾ˣǿ̫ˣǿɱʹ죬ˣֵǣɱ
ɱ
ʥб̫öﻵˣֵһսɱۣһ׷׷ʹĸܣǱ׷ȥɱĸ϶ʥڷԷųԶֻǽɱΩ˲ܹһ㡣
ҶҲãޱʥҲãûвֵأɴ඼һԹ۵㡣
ѩӰҲֱ䵽˳ͷ۾ţʱһХ·Ϊǽкá
Ĵվ͸ˡ


524 ˲
ǧˣĴյΧ׷½֮£ûһߡ
Ĵջòûɱ񫣬һҡͷֻ̾Թ̫٣ٶһôͱȽȤˡ
⻰ŵǵ˸ֱӣ̲סֹôĸҪү
һֱӽڳУҶȸ˻ܡĪһɻؿĴգо仰ʵֲ֪ʳǲ˻ΪԼвֻš
źսʿغóǳشɨսˣһ˳빬ĪҲ̲סҶ㣺㣬ĸɱ񣿡
û˵Ҷʡ
˵Ǳһ˲Ĵ塣ʥսеˣǧǰĸֵܣͻȻʧٲĪܿ˵
ǡҶͷǼĽա
ĪܿҶ㣬ðû˵
ġҶһЦΪ˲ȡһЩҩģͽɽȻ̰óͱʥĴұ㷢ǣȻһӳˡ
Īܵŵϴ󣬵ɴ۾Ҷ㣬Ǳֱһʥ˽ԼΧ
οΣաҶЦЦ´δҲðյʥĵشȥˣȻջʥֵܣЩԶ棬£ܿ¡
ĪܶҶЦϸûµı顣ĪһʱҶڴţǼĽգ־ʵġ
Ҷûٺ˼άѾ𺳵ͣڵĪܶ˵ʲôֱתǱʥŵʥˡǼһڲ׹⡣
ʵ˵ǴҶ䣬ɱ
֪ƫߣʥ˿Ц
Ҷû˵ʲôʥ͵һʥȫʱӿѪ޴ʹĺУ۾ɵüҪۿе
ҪֵɡǶȵʥˣ۾Ź⣬ȭͷֱ죬һûӡ
˵˵֣ʥѾֿʥĥǴӱĲõϢ˵ԭǿɲ䳷ߣռ磬ǲŸģ
˵Щ˲䣡Ҷʡ
û˿ԥر㽫е˲˵˳һ˵ɰҶһԭΧ֮УȻʮ˲ͨ߼ֻûֱ֮ϣӵúܽСϣҶ֮ǰûз֡
ʮ˲֮УҲʣµǧ£ҲûʥΪ졣ǵΣҲ͡
Ҷͨʥ֮ڲ֪ȴ岻ͬΪ̳ʥ޵ǿǾ㲻ʥҲǿ֮зƶֻٶҪϺܶ࣬Ϊ;Яˮʳʮ鷳ˣֻӵʥ˵˲䣬ǵ
ЩС䣬ںĹһеԴҲᱻǨƣǷ˷磬ôǸһùˡǻȳһ룬ȻΪūռΪС
Щʣ𣡡ӻ˵
ǵģ𣡡Ҷ㼫ͬһ㡣ʱٿ»飬кĳԱͬ۴£һͬΧ˲ȡж˲ܳƽܱߵ֮
ڸԶǾԶķΧˣҶߵʵ۵һ̶ȲչȴǲżΪصĹϽΧֻĸ磬һߵͨ˲ûǿ˲ֲΪôĸʦԶֱӺʥ͢ս
Ҫ׸ĿʱҶȴͻȻӦһʥϢϢʥׯϣҶеϤһ֮䣬һʥȴѾ˹ΰ½ʥˡʥСϰٺףʥ֮ǰҶ㽫ƽ֮ң
ǰҶһľϲȻҲʥˣ
ʱһǰ
ɲǼ䣬һӰֱӳڹ֮ڣ۽ͰȴǰٺסֻʱȴѾ࣬׷Ա˺ɫƤҲ⻬Ȼʥ֮ı仯
ǰ΢Цų˹֣ҶޱЦúϲ£죺㣬Σϸһ˵ùȥɣ
ǰޱͷһЦû뵽ôͷʥˡ
ﵽ۷֮е۷壬ٲΪʥҼֱҪˡٺЦ˵ǧǰˣʥֱֵ֮һᡣҰٳϰɡ
ţȴ֣صޱһ񣺡ϣ
ɡޱЦ
ʱ򡣡Ҷ㼱æˣҶЩǿǿߣٺײͷ㣬ʥôʱ䣬ѾۼԼ
ٺ˵˵λĴҲͷΪܱߵ˲䣬
ս߶ףʣµľжˡҶ㹻һжԶ˲䡣Ǳ²ʥˣǵ򵼣֣һ˲ֱӽ
ЩС䣬ǵĶ֣ҶһƬ̼ܽɾڵ磬Ҳֻǡ磬Ҳ˵ûڣȴԼĵرЩԴ
ʱۣҶʱ䣬Χʮһ˲ȫƽʱ䣬ʥ˿ռ֮ͨγһ۸ӵ磬ÿ֮䶼Իͨ
һ֮ҶŶһ˲䡣
˲Զʵǿʥ˷²֮ԣǲǧڣλʥ죬ʵǿ
ҲˣҶŽ󡣷˲һֻ˲õϢȴֻӴܣγοܵĻˡ
һŹָͨһռͨܿ˲總һСϣٴԽǿգ֮С
һ磬Ҷ̽ʥɢһ磬˲ҵ˲ڡ
λʥˣȴǷֳ֧飬ÿ֧һǧˣֱϣγһεҶʥһʱλʥ˵ǿԼһֳ飺ޱĪһ飬ٺһ飬ǼĽһ飬ҶԼһֿϮһҪ
Ҷһؼɶȥһ±ʵǿʥ֮ǡʥҲӦҶǿʱѼ˶飬ҪɱҶֱӽٴϷǳȺ˷𣬱Ѿȡ¹ⱦ٣֮䷢ӽʥʱһȥһδüֱӷڰ֮С
¹ⱦ֮ϣǧˣδձֱӻ֮һʣµҲ֮޷ʥ˱סһҲͣȻֱӽһһƻϣ͵УΪڻԼҶɱ˹
ֻΪҶķϵʥһԼôҪԼȭ£û뵽ƹǿµҶǰȻȭͷҶѾЦһȭ
޾ǿհĲҶӣȭϵĹȽ֯һγɿµľ޴һغʥ˵ؿڣǿļһһֱӱݺУһ󹬵ֱҳ˷档
ף
ʱһȵĸ̾ҶĶڣҶ㲻һæ̧ͷȥȴԼϿһӰԼǰߡ
㾹ȻǷһ壿˿Ҷ㣬ȵʵ


525 ñ
һŶĵŮһͷ͸ĳĽë۾һӣټһʾŮİ׼ףһϳһκ˼˶ҪΪ˵Ů
ŮϣɢһϢھǿߵϢҶ㲻ɶݡ
ŮҲһľȣĿһ˿֮ɫ
ǣ
˾ȻԼͬһ𿪿ڣͬʱЦˡ
ɱʱǱеʥˣȴŲ³ҶĿ϶͵س˳һȭҶ˹
ˣŮȥһ۾Ĺâ׶ɱ⣬һ˵а
Ůüͷ˼ľûиˣһɱһ
˵ţſǰһƣһİɫ˪ɢһ½ٶУЩ˪ɷǺÿһѩصһϣʱϣȥɨ޷
ŮһһӼ䣬Щ˪ȴͻȻµı˲ӿһֱӻ˱Կˤϣˤ顣
ķҶ㲻и̾ͬʱٴγ֣һճȭݺײʥ˵ȭƣٴδؿڡһΣʥ˵űðȥڹȵ֮ǰȴѾˡ
Ů˻֣ͻȻһȭʣµ˴ȥһâѩһ½һ˻ѩˣһըѩ
һ壿Ҷ㲻Ҳһ
ŮȻԼһǷһ壿
˼ҲûôءŮҶ㣬һЦ˼ֻһѩʥǿﵽֵزءһ֮ȴûأ
Ů˵ɰ̲ס
ҶҲòϣŮԼҲ̲סȻĶʱѹסҵ˼һЦҲֻǴɲڷ֮ʱ˰ɡ
ĽŮ´Ҷ㣬Ц˵ҽлñأ
ǻñҶһǸ˻ʥĻüŮ
ѽô佱˲˼ءñСȻ΢΢һ졣
Ҷһȭһʥ򣬱˵Ĵʵ˾塣
㲻ǸҶɣñ۾ͻȻâһ
Ҳҵ֣ҶЦʡ
Ȼñ˵ʥ֮һţ־Ϳʥòأһֱһȥ㣬ȴûǸʱ䣬һֱæææòˡȴû뵽Ȼֵطأ
ұʥʷΪ򽫾ַ֮˵ƽϢ֮ҡҶ˵
ֻǽñһʥʾˣǴѹЩǿߡ㿴ı£͸һϽҵѽʹȼĴԪ˧Ҳ㹻ˣܺùڹԪ˧ֻ֪ԴΨΨŵŵûš
ҶֻЦ
ñȻʵʥ͢ʥ򣬸ȴ˵ʲôڡˡǰ
ȻñֵͬŮһ㣬һոճˣĸƤƻñһ֮һ壬ʥ͢ԿĽɫƱ򵥡
μ棬ϧҶҲ˳ŶԷĻ̸Щл⡣
ʥܴ͢Ӱ̫ˣö˶û˼ĹţᡣñԹԵ˵ţȻͻȻҶһЦҶܸŶҲ˵֮ң˵鷳˺üҲûз˵ټǶƽ˰ɣ
ܱߵ˲ȷʵѾҽ𡣡Ҷͷֻʣһˡλʥأҽ·ֱɳȥͬʱֶԸǡսҲӦÿˡ
˵ţʥһٶɢȥӦսȻѾꡣ
ޱĪܲ˵һʥ֮ǿߣһӵʥִ˵ʥ޵ķϵǿߣһ֣ͬûʲô˿ԵסٺЩʥһͬԸһʥˣҲûʲôǼĽվ͸˵ˣֱɱ¾뱩ˣһʥ˺һǧͨˣͲɱ񫡣
֮ϸȴһЩǵҪСɵ˶ͣפЩطԹϽһҲһ磬壬ֲȣ˵ūÿյĹΪ˷񣬳ֱ˵ȨԹſ಻Ե
ʱ˽սҲʥȻȥʰЩˡ
ֻԼһǰҶʡ
ǰñһЦЩò̫˰æġ
漴ּæ֣ҵ˼ҫ˾Ҫ˽ԱֲӵҾͲֻͬһʱѪ壬ɱǶ٣ɱʱתߣԲÿôġ
Ȼñô˵Ҷ֪˳ѩ֮⣬ñһ˲õʥǱʲô򣬾Ҳܶһ߶Ը⣬üҵҲһֹ
ɴ˿򵥵ŮʵǸҲǳ
ˡҶ΢΢һЦ
ʥ͢ĲƽأñΪҶƽĲŻôҲҪϽǣǲֻһָôΣյ㣬̫ˡ
ҲθڡҶ˵ҵ˵ز֪ԭһƬ֮лвٷ磬ȣֻʥ͢޷ջأɴཫԼ֮ĨȥЩ壬ūۣŷ˵ʵǿܽȫȣһ󹦵¡
롭򣬽ضñһľȡ
Ҷͷ
ûô򵥵ģñҡͷֻıԵȻʥˣҲûʲôµļһǿڶ࣬ʥûоɴǿ߽ǣܲȥڲȥͲͬˣѾݻһС͵Ĺңǿʥ֧֣ԣһʥսأ
֪ǿҲʵޣʲôزʲôزɡҶ㵭һЦñʹ˻̸
ñͷ˲أʥֵ֮Ҿص˲࣬쿪ʼҲһءҶʲôҪæֱӿڣһȫģ
˵ţһҶ㣬˲ǿպδҶ㶼ƾһ֮ϵñ
лҶһЦδܾҲûзԼͳһññգŴ۾ȴҲΪ⣬ֻ΢Ц
ʱȺ˻ɱ˵ɨδһˣʱҶ߼ϡ
˲ʶñĪȴϵãһñʱһæΪ񣺡ϽϽôڴ˵أ
ҪɱƽҵġñЦ˵һö
һ˵λɫĿɰŮǻñޱʱһҶߣסҶ֣ųñһЦԭǱŴˡδޱʥϡ
Ҳ˵ޱأñһ˷ܣȫûޱСĺ⡣˵ޱϳʥʱ򣬱һֻʥޣǺʥֻڴ˵֮أʵ˵˵ʥϣƾʥޣֱӵʥĴûʲôأ
ôܡޱˣ˼صͷ


526 ֵĶ
ͱǫñЦ˵һĴ棬б˶Լƨ
תĴգñȴʵһλǿϢ˼ôû˵Ĵأ
ǼֵܡҶ㼱æĴտǰش𡣡ǧǰ;Уǿߣʦʥһӡֱֽǽȣѹ
ʵѡƺͣһš
һֱš±ֵٺ˵˵Ļ˵ʹκ˶᲻ǧǰֻܿ˾ǣǲظɡ
꣬꣡۽ʪ󣬴š
꣬꣡ǿѵ£ǶҲᣬһűġ
ԭñԾС˼Ҳ˵ʥǼҵ£֪ǧǰǼĽ֣ʲôǿߣȻʩչִ˵еطһ½һӡ
ǿֻѾţĴȴ治֪˭ˣ˭ң˭Ӯң˭ǰߡҶ㵭һЦͷһƬе˲ѾϣһȴҪЩ˼̤ˡ
˼ñһЦ˼Ҳǿһæڿǲ˼ˣ˼Ҿȸʲô飬֪˼ңܰæģ˼һأ
˵ţЦŰ˰֣һһͷһƿնȥ뿪硣
üһСֵ˹ͷˡ۴˸飬̲סš
ǧ崿ͯƭˣĪܼæ˵ñǲţ
֪Ҷͷʥĵ£Ÿ֪
Ϊʲôأƺʡ
֪׼ͻ£һʥ͢ƶʥѰأ˵ǲǺ˶ˣ
Ǽֵܼæͷͳɤ˵ˣԺ˭ǵ£һŰ֮ǰ˵Ľ˭鷳ҳ
Ƕȸ˵
ҧƸ˵ȻͿӣӲ˵ͱһ£磬̬ˡ
Ӹһš
ģʲô̬ǶȿƨϵĽӡһֻ
û뵽Ҳ塣ʱĪ˵¡ǵͣͳ˼ǧ꣬Ѿϰ˸˵ū
ӦЩȨϰ˰ɣҶ˵
ԣˡĪܵͷ·ʥӦһ£ĵͲڣţӡ
֣Ҷʡ
ޱϻɱǳǵʥѯ˳һˣ֪ǽͭǡĪ˵Ҳ˳㰲˳ķˣ֪ʥ˻ɱаħǡ
Ҷ㿴ĪܣͷĪܵǿȭ֮šûзԸĪӦյķЩʲôĪȴѸĶˡ
ܺáҶЦ˵
ҪУҸ̻Щԭʼ塣ĪЦ˵ʱҾγϰߣڣս˳Щ׼
»Ҫ鷳㡣Ҷ˵ҪһȨߣŷˣǹȥһߣҲҪڹʥˡֶ˵ȴ롮ˡûκ𡣡
ˡĪܵͷѾ졣İɣԭʼҶӦЩ˸ڻ¡
Լ֪˸Щ˹㡣Ҷ˵
ʱȴͻȻһüΪʱȡĪܻ㱨֮ʱԾؽʥɢ֮ϣΧԹ۲ڵȴͻȻӦǿһȴʲôͨĳռͨ
˵Ϣ˵
Ǽֵ˷
һƽʱͦ侲ǵģһᵽսȴһܵһʱ۷ų˷ܵĹ⣬Ƕֺ˲޹ˡ
ǿ֮⡣Ҷ˵ҸӦһͨĴڣ˾Զȥ
ⲻС¡Ī˵ǱΧصÿһռͨȻ֮ǰΣվ棬ʱܷ
Ҷһͷغҵȥ
Ҳȥޱĸ첲һҲɿҶֻõ˵ͷһͬɳͭǣããǿ֮СӦǿռͨеĲҶ㼲ɶȥͭǼԶһƿռ䣬һռ֮ͨС
һ˵ϢδȫɢҶӦϢޱֱ֣ȡʥݣųͬһǰ׷˳ȥ
һ׷׷ʱżͨĳڡҶСĵ˳ޱһϢڳڽƿһռ䣬֪سͨ
ʱããǿգǰԶȴһССͣšͨĳڣ֮ϡ
˵ǡССҲֻҶЩȣʵҲ顣
ȴֻһʯϳʯͷ֮⣬ûбʲôʯѳ˸ɽ͹ȣʮָӡ
ҶޱĽӽ֮ϣӦ˵ǿϢһ·ͷ˽һɽȥ
ʲô˵ҿǵĶ飿ʱһȴҶޱһû뵽ԼϢȴôױˡ
ʮлʥʥȴˡȻ֮£һɽ˳
֮ǰȥޱʹ˸ɫޱʱʥһʥϵİ۱仯һͨʥۡҶħ֮绯ɵħ£Ҳʱ˱仯໯ͨۡ
һֻǰһԲʯƽԭϣΧ߳ʱվԶ˻ҶӦǵϢȻʥˣףȴһʿǾн졣
λɶ飬Ķ飬ʵһ㡣
սͣһߣһ׵ʥߣվһսԣսһ鱦ʯڲͣŹâʥҶޱޱò֮۾͵һ¶Цݡ
ʽȴӦǴ󽫾
Ҷ㻺ǰÿս󷽶һӣһװʮ⣬װĶǴСһˡЩ˼ʮоȻʥˡʱҪŹʥĸֲ棬ȫסʹ
ֻ޷εϢȴԲɢ
ʲôˣվڳߵĴ󽫾ʣĿȴһֱޱϡ
ǲǹ·ˡҶ㹧һ񣬡ΪԼļգ˲䣬ΪӦ˵ϢԲϢԸλ޶⡣
һ˵һߴװʮ˵֮жķˣһʮ۷壬ʮ׾磬ԳߵŽײȡڷ䣬һӵ˱ܺ绽ıֵĸ֣ʥ֮Уȴ䵽³
Ǹʮ۷ǿߣһλˣʮ꣬ʱԹ޵Ŀʥ˽ĸʮʿΧԣһػ˵ӣЩΧҲ˵Ĳ»ӵܡ
ߣǴ󽫾ޱʣĸģ
ûʲô塣Ҷ㵭ЦţػӦͨСˡλеľ𣿡
أһλЦţƵطǿ࿴һۡ
λСʲôϵأʱǴ󽫾ޱʵºͣº͵ޱƤ
Ҷޱȥһޱʱ΢΢һЦָҶ˵ҵĸ硣
簡Ǵ󽫾˵ͷҲҶЦЦ֣Եɡ
áҶͷޱ˹ȥ


527 ı
ºǴ󽫾ʾ֮£λһɫĹӵ˹ȥҶҪֽӣǽȴһüֱ͵ޱǰ
ллޱ˹һһʥơ
ʥȻԲԲȣؼʥͿԴΪһܣʥ˴ܾʳҲһԼζȸƣֻǵʳ뷲ȣȴϵ£֮
κһʥ˵ʳʥ˵ƣֻ²ҲԴﵽ
ǣû˵ʥ壬ԷǴ󽫾ʡ
ʻʱ۾һֱޱ
ԷҶ㹧ػӦ
ôӰǴ󽫾Ц
ʵ΢ʵǲҶЦͬʱޱʹ˸ɫ
ѺЩ˺ͷˣҪδȥޱʡ
ܡǴ󽫾Ц
ȤޱֵƳǴ󽫾һۡʽĽܿ԰ɣ⸽Ǿֻһ𣿡
Ȼһλ󽫾ǽһȣȴʲôҲǡһλ˵Ǵ󽫾ǴǰĺˣѰϽǴ󽫾ҲҪӡ
ôޱ
ΪǴˡǴ󽫾ޱ΢΢һЦκˣֻҪ˴ˣ֮ǰΣƽƣһ³Ϊ߹١ҲҪӵĵͲʿϹϵǱһ졣ˡ
˵ţЦЦ
Ҷҡͷһ̾ˣлϹϵ
СֵܣæԸ⣿󽫾Ц
ģҶ۾һһֵӡ
Ȼģ󽫾Ц˿ޱʣλл̴ܷ࣬Ը⣿
ǸޱһЦ
ҰæС󽫾˵Σ
ǵȻˡޱЦ˵л̴ܷ࣬ôһ˿Ķ裬ػر顣
ʱеۣҶޱ߿һۣǲм֮ɫغһȻǼΪݶ˵С
ҲǸʶȤ˰󽫾Ц
̾ͻʥ𣿡ޱʡ
ɡ󽫾ҡҡͷҿ㵽ȥҡһ񡭡
˵ʱͻȻʶʲôʱͷת˹ȥʱһȥһʥ򣬽ࡣ
Щ˰డǴô󽫾Ѻ˵𣿡ޱЩ˵ˣȫ򣬴󽫾ͨҪѺ͸ˣ
Ȼˡ󽫾һЦЩǿͷԼ򵥣Լ֮󣬿ǼõĻ֮Ув˶ʹֻԵͷأ
ʥ˻𣿡Ҷװʣƺû˵ء
֪ʲôһλ̲ס죬ʥ֮еȴʹ˻ģʥʽֹֻ÷
˵ʲôǴ󽫾ʥһۣŵöԷæͷ£ٲҶ˵һ䡣
ЩǴҪ͸𣿡ޱװʡ
Щ»ǲҪ̫ĺá󽫾һЦֻҪ֪õĽһǰޣȻˣǶͬǡ
ޱҲѾôˡʱҶͻȻ̾һǹֺõɫһʱȥĿȴñվǴ󽫾˵๴Ȩ󣬶Щ˺ͷˣǴҪ͸ȨΪԹٷͨͣǲƵˣ͵͵Խ߾֪
˵ʲôǴ󽫾ɫһȵǻòͷ𣿡
ǲǻòͷˣҶһΪ˻ʥ߹٣Ȼ˽ͨȨкͼı˵
ĲҪĶ󽫾ɫüΪ׺ݣһ֣ʱΧ𷽲ŵ֮ģһ
ʵͼı˵һһҶ⣬˵㽫ǵɱ
˭ģǴ󽫾䡣
ԼΪأޱһЦʥһ»ָԭǰɫߵʥۡ
ʥϣЩ˵ʶʱ
ʥôôŮˣǴ󽫾һü漴ɴ۾㡭ޱôǡ
򽫾Ҷ㣡Ҷ㻺˵
ɱȫɱˣ󽫾۾ɫɱ֮⣬ʥ֪
ɲǼ䣬һλǰȴսĺ⣬һȭֱҶ˹ȥȭϣһɳȭγУƺֻҪһԽһȫɳĮ
ҶһǰճȭȻ˲˶Էȭϵ޾ɳֱһȭش֮ϣλ˵ҶǷϵʥߣҲ벻侹Ȼӵǿһ±㱻õϣҶѾһȭճȭһڱʥʱͱ޾ֱӺ顣
ʲôǴ󽫾Ŀɿڴ
ʱޱҲˣȫӿʥԭҰзӶһ»ʥɣһſڱ³һһ½λ˲߽ɳһצӵһץץһԴ
Ȼһʱɱλ
ҶҲ󣬷ȭһȭǹ˫Ĵճȭһȭȴǿȭһ˳֣ͬʱˣھǱУ㱻Ҷһһ
Ǵ󽫾ŵɫ˵ǿ޷֮ƥеʥߣȴûʱҼȴһҲ˲֪ԼԲ˵Ķ֣ʱֵתҲʣµ£͵سһսҪݳȥ
ӵҶЦһֱӻ˵Ǵ󽫾֣˲۳ʥһ½󽫾סʥҶ֮¾ҵ𶯣ʱ󽫾һ׷飬Ŵ󽫾ʹĴС
ٷʥ˵ĽҲҶһ֣ʥʱֶ˼еһ
ۼ˱仯еʮ˶סˣȴųҶޱߵĸʮǿӲ̲סҪȣȴ
Щ˼ʥԼڶһʱ˷ŷ
ޱķһü䣬ʥɼ˹ȥ޴צץŵǾһƬʱ죬ٲҶһ
㡭ôӣǱĴ󽫾ʹţȻϮʥ͢Ҷ㣬ﰡʥҲˣ
ҪҲǰ档Ҷ˵
㡭ңǴ󽫾ڳǿȴͦסˣһģҶ
ҪǵҲԡҶ㻺ͷʵ˵ൽҪǽЩ˺ͷ͵δ
⡭λԥ
ҶһЦϵʥʱëҲѪ
˵һͦסҪҵǵʥҪ͸еĴΪ
һͬѾйҲУҪ£ʥǿ߰Լ׳Լʥ棬ʥͻü棡
磬ʵޱһЦĻͰǴ󽫾ɱ˰ɣҲûˡ
Ǵ󽫾ʱҲˡѾйһټҲû壬ɱ֮һҧɴҲʹؽһС


528 
ˣǰ˶ʥزʥ֮Уȴûڡ
ֻڵʥս֮У˻ʥǿйѳܵΪصʧʱǿʥߺʥȫ˲űסһʵû򡣶ˣʥ޲ʧأҪֵĵزŻʥཻ֮ͼ塣
ûʧȻҲûʥ޻֡޳ܡ֮¡
ȻǵͣȴǿȴԵüΪ硪ǿ׳ʥߣҲ޷ɸߡ
ɷ糱Լһǧǰ𣬵ʱİ˻ʥȨ󣬱㶼Ҫܵˣѵ䵱º֮ƣγһֻʱ֮磬ʹʥ֮˵ɼз֮ƣʥֱֹּ¡
糱ȴҲɢȥʹܱһЩʥҲ˷硣ǻ͵͵Ǳ˻ʥˣֱ˻ʥеȨҪ
Ĵɴ˻£Ȩ󣬽ύ˺öȨƵѣʥʷͥʱ
һ˻ɴɾãʱѵõģλʥˣʵǿ־ʥӡȫޱȡ
ʹ˻ͼľֻӣʵãЩʥⷢӲʥȴɢʥϢǼʵĺûѵȴǼѣʱҲ˶
£ɴĸΪ˼ԴһβŲϧһλ󽫾λһλʥѺ͡
ＫԶĵطһҪȴҪ֮Э飬ԼȡͨҪԽ߾ڹʥ˻ʥ֮䡣ʱԵʥĵطɨ
౾ǸɫļһŮ߲ܣ˱ƾʹŮƽơ󽫾ռޱɫŮŶ£˼ȴ˸ӣûȴ֡
޳ޱ⽫üߡһָһķˣô£
ǵܻȺʱõūǴ󽫾ʵػش𡣡;֮ϰЩ˻õġ
ޱһΰ
ǡ󽫾ԥ˵Ϊ;Ͷٲֵʱ򣬸ǡ
ǳԣʱͻȻһµĹâֱǴ󽫾
ʲôޱһ֮󣬲ɴŭֱ̧һ»ֱǴ󽫾ϣ۵䷭УⶼǴİţĩĩҲΰ
ô󷽣ҪǶΪʲôҶסޱ׷ʡ
⡭󽫾ɫһ䣬˵
ɱɡޱҧ˵Ķʲôã
ðɡҶһͷȻ֪ԣ֮Ҳô
Ǵ󽫾һæ˵ʥ֮뱾ȴǲ֣ͬԷʥˣʥܱ֮е֮ܣˡ˴󰲵һʦΪƷʥ
ʥΪôأҶ㲻һ
ֹʥ򡣡ʱһλſڣƺҶǰúñ֣ȡǰ˻ʥ֮⣬ʥжмʦֻʥ˲Сʥ֮ʧȥ֮
ôޱҲһ
֪˵ʥս֮ǰȴˡһλ˵
Ҷãʥսһˮ룬ʱһʲôΪ֪£ʹ˻ʥı仯
֪£һ͸ԼҲû˵˵ʱ˴սҲȫ֪¡
ǻʲôı仯ʹ˻ʥѳʦ
ڷ䣬˽ɣҶһЦдߣ췴֮ġ
ҶǴ󽫾ŵûɢæУֻѺЩȴûкʹͬı˼
ǾͿǵıˡҶ㻺˵Ըʥ͢ٱĶУҵȻԿΪ֤֤ǲûͬı
⡭Ǵ󽫾ԥˣҲң˵
ȷʵѵУѾҶУȴԲ׷Կࡣ
ҶһЩ£ȴʲʲôмֵĶȷʵ󽫾˵ҲǴĸҲ֪Ҷʲʲô㽫ʥѹŶԼ֮Уߵװʮෲ˵ǰһֱ֣ӽƿ
ˡЩˣ˵ҪҶڱ⼸սʥ֣棬˷Բһ֮أʱΪ޷ǿ֮дġǵںδҿǻȥ
ǵ磿߿Ҷ㣬ȴҲˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷȥ֮򵹡ʹ޶ʥ񣬸лǣɱЩˣ
̧ͷۣסǼеʮˣǵ磬ԭһλʥػ֮ƽ£ɱʥƻǵ磬ȫ°ߣȴǵʳʮ䣬㽫ͬԵѪ𲻹찡
£ҶĿһתЩˡ
ˣһʥҶ㹧һ񡣡ҵʥ֮УѵѲҰԡѵõĻκһʥ֮УǼֵǵıɱǣشʧ͸Ȩ󣬱Իʦ֪˻ʥȱľʦܵõôʦʵ׳ʥʿҲûпܡ
ʥ񣡡߼ؽȻҶĹȺˣſڸҪ˵ʲôҶѾһ֣ס
ЦţʮˣͻȻĿһ֮л޴ʥ׹ĸߴˣٸߴҲԵСеǣʱɴ۾ֵļС
һ֮䣬ʥͬʱȭ޴ȭͷһ½ͬһ÷飡
ȭȥֻʮˣͶһࡣ
лʥ񣡡ޱȼҶؿͷҲʹ飬ˡ
ɡޱܲæʥһз˵ǷģҶ´־Ҫ֮ҳƽϢʥͼѹз˶õѡǵ硢ǵͬҲصɵġ
Ҷ㻺ͷǳ¡֮ǰȥҿ͡ȥȵҵоס
ʥ񣡡߼һ֣ϷȻֻһ鷲ˣʥҲҲΪʥԾౡ֮ʥϷԸΪʥʥ
ʲôҶһʥ
ǵġһʮʿæͷʦţȻδʥҵȵ֮£ȴƳܻɱʥ˵ʥǰЩ˽ǵ磬ǱʦƵʥɱ˲١
Ƕ˼ҵĵӣޱʡ
ʮһͷ
Ϸٴʯ߹һ񣬡СţȷʵƳʥֻޣҪʹüĵرȴֻʹһΣʮֲף˲ûܴơҲЩɶˡ
˵ţ
Ҷޱ˴˶ӣǾ֡
Է飬ǿһݼľϲ
ĵرѲסҡҶ㿴Űٴʯ˵Ҫʲôֻ˵Ƭ̼ܰѰƷ棬ҿԽҵʥ߽ʹá
⡭ٴʯɷ֣ʱһ񣺡ʥģϷһΪʥ
Ƶʲôʥޱ̲סʡ
֮󡣡ٴʯش
һȥռϣƸҿҶһͷս˶磬ȻԼʥĨȥ˴սĺۼϢޱһͬݷ롣


529 ʥ
صͭϣʱΧ˹ҶŰٴʯ˽˵Ŀճ֮УһڣֱӽԼľ¯ȡ˳ڰٴʯǰȡһҾʯʥʱʣµĲ˳ٴʯ
ЩҶ㿴Ĳϣȴٴʯ𾪲ѣ
ʥرϷʵǡٴʯЩǵ˵ʵǲֻ֣ǻ˱ˡ
޷ҶЦˣ˵Щʱȡãʹþˡ
ǣٴʯһͷи̾ţʥˣ־ﾹҲںĽ
ܵõ־ԭϣٴʯȻϲ񣬵Ǳ㷢֣Լȴȫû취ʹþ¯Ϊǿޱȵʥȴֻʥʥ
ʲôߣҡҶ˵
ٴʯæһҶ㣬ȴƽʱʹõķߡҶһӦһЦּ̧ʥһҾʯΧһֱʥ֮죬֮Ƴһֻ¯ʹ򴸡
㴫ҵ֮УȡˮҵȷҶ˵ȴѾ졣Ϊ¯ҲʥԷ֮ѾԴˮ֮ܡֻǲϰµ÷Բ˼ʹ򴸣ʹá
ʥŰٴʯʥ¯̲ס̾š
ָæµҶһԹۿʱָ㣬ٴʯ䷨Уٶȴϼӿ졣ٶʱ֮һ֧
ƽʱҵһ֧ȴҪȥʱ⡣ٴʯ˵սʥ¯֮ٵʥ㣬ȻüʱƳɹˣ
Ҷ㽫Уֻо̺һɼΪǿͬСɣȻӽʥȫһ㣬ǷȥͨʥȷʵԵֵֻ汻Ҫʱ֮ա
ֻΪ˴ﵽǿȫȴҪһͷųȥγԻɱʥ˵ļʸľ󣬱ǻѣΪõĲϼΪǿ󲢲𻵣ֻеѾù⣬Ҳֻǻһ֧ͨ޷עʹá
Ȼʵڷ룬ܻɱʥˣȴҲǿʥˡҶ㻺ͷƵҾ󣬶޷һɱȻȽĲϣȴʵǿڳףƳʥǻʥȴ֪ܾʲôı
ʥ佱ˡٴʯǼǫذ֡
Ҷһλսʿһ֣͸ҾҪ˰ٴʯϸоƵҾ󣬿ǷںϣƳܷʹõʥҸһ󹦡
̰ܰʥæٴʯСĵؽӹҾϸ۲죬֣ͷ˲õʥֻΪʹãѹ󽵵͡
Ҷ㲻ɵͷޡʵ˵Ϊ׳ҲµʵʱæһЩȴƲɼãΪܳʹãұպʱĽȴһֱæµңȴò
Ҿӵлɱʥ˵ôٶ˵Ķɾ˲ˣĪҲ˷
ҶһͷҪ۽ٴʯ˻ͻ磬ԼĪ̸ܵ˴֮¡֪๴ʥ֮ʱĪܲȻŭ֪˳ǸΪգû뵽ȻѾֵزȻͼı죿˻ʥ᧿ΣôȥҪ
ǹʥ򣬲ΪССݾʹӦɣٺ˵ûд˭ᱻ˵߸ȨǱȨ
ҲʥҲֻô̲࣬򡣡ޱ޵ǵ˵
Ұյ񣬱ҪңȴǺ˲ɷҶ㲻ɵһЦǰվʥֻ±Ҫˡ
δ㣿ޱʡ
㣬һ͵ʥ͢ɣҷǼһĪߵ˵
ûõġҶҡͷ֤̫٣ȻƵһɶҾʥ֪дģӦҲ̲ȻĴ֮һ㲻ôúġ
ô죿Īܼˡ
šҶ˵ȽȽʥʹˣ㿴ʥ˼ɡǵ֮ǵķࡪҪضͨʥͨ·ֻܸżѾѺͽĿʳԶһҪλãҪǸҪ˵˼ȿɶϴ֮·ҲԾǸһ
ˣĴһ¶˷ܵ飬һͷ
дսôˣʹ죡
ʱһʥ˹Ҷڤǵ˺ͭã
ͭҶһ漴ȥ뺮ͭ롣
Ƭ̼䣬ͭЦҶǰһ֣Ҷþò
ڤǱˣҶЦʡ
ðɡͭͷҪл㡣㣬˵ջذڤǣҿ¹ͷѾ˿йˡ
ô֪ģҶʡ
ҵ磬˸ͭ˵
£
Ǿһ޷ػðڤǡͭ˵Һ˸˼䣬˵дҪƽ֮ңһƬʤء
ġҶͷд˴㡣
ôһɡͭϵ˵ҴŰڤǼӪһշʧеЩūŵķˡǷӭ
ȻӭˣҶЦˣźͭһ񡣡ֻǰ;գ룬ֻٲ˳Կġ
˵ţͭˡͭһһ񣬿Ĵ֮ʱӦǿϢɾΪˣ֪Ǵܳôĸǿÿµļһ
СӺʶࡣźͭͷ˵Ӫõѡ񡣶Ǻ˲ضһΪССʲôƽ£
һСӡȴͭɫ΢΢Щ仯Ҷ㲻Цˣֱ⣬ʸκΪСӡ
˵ţ˵˵һ飬ȴúͭʧɫôܡôյأǿ֮
ǰǳˡҶµص˵ͷ
˵ܶԱ˵𣿡Ƶӡ
˵ͭǡˡӵ˵
⻰ͭȻˣһʱжǱˣȻҲܲµеϵҶ˵ģĳͶ뽫£Ϊƽ֮ҾһĳǽˣȻй¶ܡ
ʵµҲûʲôҶ˵ֻҸδȣΪǵ׳󣬱㲻پˣʱ֪Ҳûʲôˡ
ˣɵ÷ţǶ̲ס˵
ࣿᵽˣͭʱüһߡǸ쵰
ҲԹĿࣿĪʡ
Ҹʱ󷢱ոڤǡͭ޺޶װӦҸ׿ջϲһʵȴƭҼһҵףҸҲ˶ŭģһʱһ֣ˡı˽֣䡣˵ǴӺҸף
һñǶȸŽ
쵰˺ҲС
ƸҪ죬ӵһֻۣȭͷС˵ñ
ˡӶҶ˵¶棬С£áȥ̽һͨͨδҵҪ󣬻ϸ̽飬ϸ
ҲȥҲȥҲȥ
ʱȭͷ


530 ˾Ϯ
ǿɲɡĪܼæ֣ȥˣ϶Ⱥ˽Լʹ졣
Ҹұ֤ӸոҪģֵܾͽѵ˲ǿ̲ס
ֱҧ
ȥɡͭʱڡҶΧ򶼺ϤҶΪջذڤǣСܵǱӽ顣Ҹ±ȽС
ҲáҶһͷһСġ
İɡͭЦˣڵңɱκ˶ϧһдõļ԰ûãɲ
Ҷ㽫һ˺֮ͭдѺ˶߹·ߣҲǽһСͭԸӦһ󣬱ѾȫȻֶȥ
Ҷ㽫˴ĪܣĴɸָӣЭش˵أڣһͬص硣
֮УҲҪ֮ǰĪѾһ׼ʮʥʿѾʼ̵Щԭʼϰ֪ʶǵǻۡǣҲЩǿΪʥһĤݣƴӡ
˸Ҳ˳ȥԭʼ岿伯ס˴֮СʯһĵӣָЩǿ׳ԭʼһͬСã˸ݺݲֻ󾡿콫Ǳɿóսʿ
磬ʱֳһٵľ
Ҷع۲һУͷȴȡǼɻսֱӽʹãǵһоʥ
еֵģһս֮ϵıʯԼоǱʯһȴ֪÷
һʣû뵽˸ȴ֪ſھ˵Ⱑ̽ΧǷʥǿõģСѰӰʯǾ߼ӵ֮ȫ˻ʥ֮УҲֻ顣ֻҪȽʥⱦʯУһεķô֮ʥصöһʯͻ˸âʹ֪Ľӽ
ôʥǿȱΧ֮أҶʡ
û취ˡ˸һЦȴû
ⶫȤҶ㻺ͷʱҪúĥһ¡˵ţǱʯȡϸϸо
֪֮䣬ʱҴҶҶ㿪ʼĺͭʱ򣬺ͭȴص硣
ǱߵȻǿ󣡡ͭһϢҲ˲ϣֱҶ㱨˶֮ڣҶʮ׵ǿߣһ׺ޱȣľӣˡǱΧ۲ȴǵʵǿ˶Ƿֳӣ֮ϣǿһǧˣλʥ죬֧ǧ˸λʥ졣
λʥˣ˸һȷʵ°
˵ӡô£ޱȴϸ̲סʡ
屻ͳǧ꣬ϰ˵ͳΡͭü˵ðץһ佫ʣ֪ƽʱ˶Ӷ²ū޶
أҶһü
ҲѾϰӶᡣͭ̾˿֮ǰǼĶ֮ͬǰЩֻ֪ū壬嵱ʳūȴͬǻ۹ˣȻ֪ͨʹڲϵõ޴ôа·֮ϣ˵Ϊ٣Ҳǽ򵱳쾭֮¡
ѰˡĪܲ̾ϢڣǽˣֻҲ
ʥħӴǵͨҶˡ֮ʿѡӵŵĺͯʹӵоͨϵڣ·
ǼʱĻ̲ס˵
ȷʵ˸ͷǿԵķˣҲգֱ˾ˡ
ոʧأΪĲʥ򡣡Ҷ㻺˵Ϊ֮顣ɱ¾ǵȻ򵥣˶Ϊȴʥֱ͢ӽеķȫĨʲôֱϣһתΪߵϣΪβȥǧ꣬ڼϷ˲֪˶ٳôת䲻ˣ
⡭˸ɫһ죬ȴĩˡ
ûϵҶ㿴˸΢΢һЦ漴һ˸ҸоӿͬѰƺʥư
ˣĪܿ˸Ӧһ󣬲ͷֻ仯вԣҶء
ġ˸˷һֱڼϽĺȣҲܱøǿðｫɸ¡
ˣƨͱˣҼҶ˲һסЦ˵
˲ɶЦ
أͭʱҶ㡣˵Ķǽ֮££ȴûո򡣽ô죿
ϵķ˾ӵ⡣Ҷ˵Ҫ˾šλʥˣһ˲ӡ
˼䣬ͻȻһ䣬üͷ
ͭʱûβͣʵ
βͣͭһʱ˶Ӧһ˵Ϣлǿʥһһӿ
ȫϣ׼ս˸һӦǿϢȴһܳȥż϶顣
ģͭøԼһ͡ôôСģȻû⵽˸
£Ҷ˵սӦսǣ
ʱ˰ٺ״ʮͭǹ򣬽̵⣬˶֮С
һ˵ҪսĴձ㼤һĦȭƣֱ޲ʱͳȥ
ҶȴԶԣֱӳ˴ٳͷ֮ϡ
֮УһŻֱ۳ΣӰŻ֮ζ֮СһﶼˣÿɸߵΣĴĸһȣʱͳ˶ˡǱĵ·ǳϵġС˶ǣһЦ
Щʥ˰ǵ졣һƬ˺һȻ˵ǵӣȴ֪ͱǷ֣ǹΪĻϲ뿪֮ʱӷǺһ·ֱӽǽ𣡡
һΪʲôʥ硣һǵ˲м˵û뵽Ȼһûķ磬û˼û˼ʦڵɱ
ɱþԲˣһЦ
ôĿŭˣһֵĺүүһҿ˭˭Դã˵ţҪ
磬ھУһ£ʱס
ˣɣɴ
ǻȹǣһ˴Ц
ǵɣƬЦһͻȻһ֣ȻǴһ޴磬֮ʱһӿȴһˣֱɱ
˾Ȼˣ˸ֱ۾
ɱˣȫźʵףһϸΪʥӣû˻뵽⾹Ȼ˵Ķ顣кõΣγһѩսǵһĲӿȻȴǷ
˹ˣĪҲֹЩ˵װôȵǵľˣ
ȵǾӣ۲мغһ٣ĿҾõĿҾСʲôվɱǵҾҲնơ
ָʥľӡĪһԼ˵
ɱʱһȴѾ·ɶһնɱľͷ
һˣǧ֮ڣƾˣη塣սʿȻѾ˲ټѵʱƣȴ̲סη֮ġȴǰǿˣȻη壬ս֮ǰһ뵽ο
˺̶


531 Ĵս
ĴգҶһ
ڣĸһĴźսеĹâ·ǼȺԶס˾š
ҪʧҶ㵭˵
ɱȥ˼ɣСӡ
ɱǼϴ϶һ𷢳ƼæϣǺԵòǺ룬ȴҲһֻЧо׳
Ҷ㶯ˡ
һȡ¹ⱦ٣ָ֮ţҲһХХϣʥ˲ɢ˾֣֮֡ͬ˭壬˭ڲ֮ȫԡѪ߽⣬顣
ǿķһʥվУ̲סһ
ʱĴճˡ
ĵƥҲƵĵ⣬͵һն˲ӹ˵Щһ֮ȴԼʲôҲûУǲɵغǺУͬȴȵطǵбԭһطֳ롣
Ѫأʬ׹䡣
ĵ֮Ĵֱӳ˳ǳأ˲˾֮СʱĶαƣǺʵױ飬һսû䵽Ĵյϣ㱻ǻ飡
ĸʲôĸϵʵҶҲɱ¾
ʲô˵סǵĳɱǻȭնҪ֮նףƤ⣬ÿһֱȡ˵
˾һ¾ͱĸɱɾɢҳһš
ʹ죬ʹѽЦţһϳ֣ɱ͹Ǻ֮ǰЩɱ̫û˼ˣǵе˼
ôĸ͵ļһУһʥ΢΢ü漴һ֣λʥеˣʱ£˾֮УֱָĴɱ
ʥˣʵǷĴȣָ˾ĴɱһʱȴҲĴյѹס
˸Ҷһ
ڣ˸һǰ
ʾգΪӣԶʹҾɱоҶ
ǣ˸ĿһתڣֵǣչӢµʱˣǿѵôãҶʧԼˣ
ǣھоĴ£ٶսʿһ𷢳˸˸ָ·ֳӣֱϮ˾
ͭĪܣҶһ
ڣʱӦ
ʱ׼֧Ԯ飬ֹʥ˶ǳ֣
ǣ
ӦһʱԶסһֻҪʥɱǱʱ֡
ٶսʿֳӣһ˸߿֮Сۿ˫˾ɱȡĴգǵĶ־ҲһŸԼ׳Ǿ޴Ҿ󣬶׼˾еһˣ͵һľâʸ
ʸһһѤõĹâֱӴ˾һλλ˵ȻâưٴʯһɱʥˣԸЩʥˣȴͬʯͷҼһ㣬ǴǺʵףסâһʸ䴩ҽԿ׹¡
ۼԼзսʿǲһž䣬ȻҲʼĴһ㣬սɱеȤˡ
Զķǿ󣡡Уһλʥ˾
ôɱȥȥǱߣȥߣһλʥ˴һ͵һ³ɱ˸Ķȥ
ңһУͭڰнʥ˵סЦһȭʥӶֱӽʥ˱ˡ
ʱһʥˣҲȥӦʥѹսʿǲһ⡣ʱĪ͵һ·ɵУȭʥǹҲ
ɺޣֻʣλʥ˻δսʱһƬʥŭһͬУҲȥֱӳǳǳأβˣ
ãʥһͷ͵һ֮䣬ֱƿռ˳ǰҪǰɱʱҶȴһָһ׹ʱӶǰһƥ޴ǡ
ǲǣΪʥܴϸӦµѹһֻǣ
ѩӰ
ѩӰô֣Ѱ಻סҶս˰ΣҶһֱɰòᡣҶսϲ쳣һ˸ȫХХ֮Х֮ʥδ֣ȴ˸¡
ȻʥޣƬ˾һ
ڴʱѩӰѾצˡצһһӰֱʥȥʥ˾֮´æֵȻסû͸ԼȴҲ޴ײ֮һ´÷˳ȥ
ѩӰһһ׷˹ȥ
ǳƬʥŭһͻȻӰһԶȴǶ˸ȦӣƵһųǳط˳档
ۣҶһһָʥˡ
⣿۶סʥˣٺЦһ͵һ³˳ȥɸߵͬһֻèһ±㵲סʥ˵ȥ·ȭ֮䣬ʥ˱Ƶȥ
ʱʥȴͻȻһ̧֣磬֮Уȴɱؼֳַսˣһ±㽫۰Χһ£ʱ벻֮С
ǿĴȴԶЩȫǳʮ׾磬һ쳣һΧ֣ɱһæҡ
ޱغóǳءҶ㽻һ֮ʱ¹ⱦ⣬ʱ˾֡
Щȴ֮ͬǰԵЩͨˣǲǿҽƻһҶ㵽ʱɢ˶Σʹһ̫ˣϮ֮ʣǶʹȫƿռʹöݷߣȴʧСǱһ»ɱʮ˵һȴֻɱʮˡ
Ҷ㵹Ҳںֱӳɱǰ֮Σſڷӽʥָϵص֣һǲϵɢȥһ˵߽⡣
Ƭ˲üһջȭǿҵȭ۳ȳҶ
âһ䣬¹ⱦӿһ»ԣֱӻһܣһҶĵȴҲ˱ϡҶЦһ̧һȭճȭȥޱ߹ֱˣ͸֮ɫϲҶⷨϵʥߣȻܷϵִٵֵ֮ʣȴһײ÷˳ȥǱ
ʱѩӰ׷Լĵ˴ǼһȫѩӰĶ֣ǿޱȵʥޣ˱ӱߴʵûбİ취֮ʣҲһռ䣬ų˰ٶˣѩӰȴȫЩˣֻȫһ׹ײȥʱ˵ľײɢǺУǷ׷ɢʮײ飬ˤһء
ϣͭĪܣһλʥһʱѷѽ⡣ʥǣʥҲӣож֮ÿ˶еʮʮӣ˲ŵסʥ
սһʱҲ뽩ʬĴȻԵĵȴָ̫࣬ӵʥˣȻҲַųٸǿʮĴڶˣһʱȻûΣգ񷽲ôɱķȴв
̵ģȻǲס̫ˣ˫ȭһϣһ£ʮֱն󣬲ŭ
壬ɷָӵˣ۾죬ָ˽е
ãֵһͷ͵ؾһͬʱ𵶹⣬˿ɵңһ·һѪ֮꣬ʥ˳ȥ
ʱʥȴ¶һֹЦݡ


532 ƻ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʥź󷽷˶ȥƺǺĴյ͹Ҫȴ
ԼЩԣս֮ʣɻͷֻĺһ£㱻ȵսɡֵһ𷢳ޱȵֱʥ˳˹ȥ
ʱʥȴͻȻһһֱһռƿڣ˲䣬һںڵĴƿֱ֮˳ֱĴײ˹ȥ
ãӷӦ죬æһֵǵ֣˵һ͵ͬʱһͬȭǰһѩĵ⡣
ǵƥҲƵģֱײںڴ
磬Ƽܻһ磬ֱӽն룬ǿֵܺһ⣬ںڵĴǰȴȻһ顣
Ǵļ棬ȴҲ޴ʣµļͬһ޹һײֵܺγɵĻϡ
һ촫ֵȫ֧ŵһ±㱻ǴĲ֦飬һҵسֵܣһ½ײ÷˳ȥ
ѪֵܵĿ˳ĸֱ׹ȥ
ɱʥзŹ⣬ָ˴˾ʱռ׷ȥһɱγ˺תۼҪû
Ҫ񣡡һȣޱȻ֡ʥһԭҰз˳շХ֮һǰˣǰֻ˳ļһǣ˾֮סͷҪͣסӳȴǰһҲ˽֮Уʱ߽⡣
ʥշ˹ȥһ½ֵץסһת׻سͷԼ򷢳Х֮͵س˾֮СǾչɨצ˺ץ˲˲ҽˤϣѪա
ɱʱХƬػɱˣ˾̫࣬ΧסȻܽΣҲ޷ڶʱڻˡ
ʥڻֿʼȻֶµĺڼ
Ҷʱ̲סתͷߣҲǿµĺڼˡ
ǺڼδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣĴպһҲֻܻļ棬۵ĻȻҲ޷һǼļڣ˻
ʲôʥȻӵ
ʥ˵ӣҲ൱ùһɫףھź󷽣žŵڻڲϵػƺҪܾòʹһڼ
ΣҶ㴫һڳϵޱ
ãޱһ߷ֵܣһ߻Ӧš˲ᣬǲս
Щ˵ˣǰһƬѪۣ۵֮Сһʱû񣬾ǵİ㣡
磬ӵһǶ³һѪˮŭؽš
ǣǣƺݺݵҧ
˷ֿͲһĵɭ
Уޱϵҡͷǵ˺أٳǿˣ
ʲôһҲޱһ𣬴ɱ˹ȥֵҲһһط˾֮С
ޱް취Ҳָֻʥȫֵܡ
ֵܴʱȻƾѪ֮£ǰƴɱٲ֮ǰĿݡ
ڻʥɱԼٶսʿֳҾ󲻶һ˻ɱֵֹܵۡ
Ҷ㲻΢΢üʱսޱȣķȴ޷ٶȷΪֱۣǵԼˣߣᱻ߽ɳ
Ҫһڻսʹõķֱܷˡ
Ҷһ߽սһ˼ţһķԭҰۣ֮֮£һķ
ʱ˴еʥ֣ҲħеħġԼһ뷨ԭҰ֮нֽһ壬ݻħ֮ģ۳һ
ǴתҶʥʥħȴѾһ˿ǣȫԷֱ˭ǵУ˭ѡ
ɲǼ䣬ǷĳαҶγɣ΢΢һ֮䣬ֱӽһ˳ȥ
ħٴ󣡡
һֱս˾֮У͵һſһֱĴһ½дսеɱ߶СУһħҫŹâʥ࣬죬һεǽڣγص磬˶ֱڲ֮ͬС
ãʥɫһ䣬ʱоͬԼʧȥϵֻʣԼһһԹ֮
ʱȫѳԶԶӿٿʱȴ֮бˣãȻ޴룬Ѱͬĳڣȴҵõ
෴ʥɺĴգȴȫصӰ졣ȻҲ֮У˵ȴ·ˮĻɵǽڣȲǵжҲ̫ǵĸй٣ȫˮĻɴУϳɱһ˵ǰ
Щȴ·Ǳסһ㣬жûѣۼɱȴٻһ׻ɱ
ʲôһʥ˾
ˣһʥ˴У켯ֻҪٻ򰵼ܽʥ˻ɱʱʥ˶Ϊ壡
ʥ˵ͷȴ˵˸Զٴοʼ֮ǰǱϣõȴܱҪͷһʱ䵹в
ѩӰƺǸӦΣյϢȴϷ͵һͬһɫһ㣬һʥ˵ǰʥ˾ֵشһ־һȭһӿˮһ½ѩӰΧ˿µ㣬ѩӰҧ
ѩӰȴģһγһ޴˲佫ЩȭԼ͵ǰȥһҧʥ˵ֱ֮ϣʱȭжϡ
ʥ˳ʹУҪһֻȭѩӰѾѩӰһײ뻳УԿˤ˵ϣֱҳһµĴӡˤ߻أѹʶػȭѩӰ
ѩӰɿһˣһȭ֮͵ǰһˣſֱҧʥ˵ʺ֮ϣʥ˺﷢µ֮ȭѩӰѩӰһһֱӽʥ˵ĲҧϣԴҧʥϵϢʱɢҲشȥ
ֱĪܵս֮УЭĪɱĪܸǷſֽţһһǺ֮£׾ͽʥ˻ɱʥ˴лսʿҲһһɱ
һʱ䣬սϵȫҶһռݣʤ
ʱµ鷢ˡһŻͻȻԳǳغ󷽳֣Żһ򿪣λʥ˳ɱ˳ǵĳ֣ʮɢž޴ߴɵ̬ʥҲռɣųǳϮȥ
ˣʥЦһ֣磬ʱǧ˾ţгɱʮʥųǳضȥ
ãҶ۾ɷųһŭĺ⣡
û뵽ҪеİλʥˣȻ㳲
ʥɻս֮ϣҲڸԵսɱȴ֧Ԯޱ
ǿȻȴޱǱߣ
ǵʥ˰һµʥ˴Цţ̫ʥķˣȴ֪ʥһóľܿʥĸӦ
ͽûһʥ֮Цۿ䵽УΪǵɣ

һҶ͵һ֣׹ʱзһ˳ǳغ󷽣ǧ˾ǰ
ߴɵľ񣬴֮ƣǧ˾͵سȥ޴ȭͷ𣬱ĵ


533 һŭ
ĵֱ˾֮Уʱתޱߵĺ̡˵ױ˲̿γɵ̣Ʈţÿһ˵ģ
Ҷһһеر˾˵еķ˳ָʥͷų޶ȵ
⼫ķʥûʧȭ֮ʥ񷢳ϵ˸·ε׵磬ޱߵΪɢȥǿµĹâ֮ʱһƬ
ǧ˾ţǿޱȵʥͬʱ֮£Ȼ˲ͱһ룡
ս֮ͬ黯ɵḷ́ȫ˸ʥʣµǧ͵һͣһޱ߿־ȫţȴǰһ
ʲô
һ֮£ǧǿľţκʥҲ޷쵽κǿķҲ޷쵽
ȫסˡ
ʮʥȴû˼άȻֱǰֱʥȥȭͷݺݻ
ʱҶ㣬ȴоһ㱣Ҫʧȥ־ϵһ½סش𣺡ˣôˣ
ûϵҶҡͷƴȫȡһöʥֱ£ɲ֮䣬еʥ㱻һ³ʱһ׺Ĺ⡣
ʱʥսʥΪ˻ᣬХŻȭɱȴҲ벻ѾľҲʥˣôͻȻ֮³
ŵһ£æȭƣҪתӣҶĻֻ᣿Уһʥֱӷȥزס𵴹һճȭֱӴȥݺݴʥ֮ϡ
ȣ֮ؾ֮ͬ£ʥȻǿȴҲͦסھҵ֮Уʱ߽⣬ֵԶУң
ڶҲδܷѾ׷飡
ҶĿһ¹ⱦҶ籩꣬һʱɢסʥͷųЩˣµݺţһ˳
ۣסߣȥ֧ԮޱҶһųǳضȥ
˷ģ۷֮ȭɨһ±㽫ʮ˵
ʱϣޱӶ˫֣һ֮ԣݻһɴƮ˳ȥһһƣƮ˳Ǻ˾֮С˲䣬»֮ɴס˱㷢ֵĴУ͵һ±ɴսʹص˵ϣƬ̼¹֮ɴͬ°Ĺ⣬ڿɢ
ɷǺÿ
ˣ֪¹ɴޱüȡ
ȴޱĵһս֮ϣʱ󹦣ֻһɱ˽ˣ
ֻⷨҶһ㣬ֻһΧͷǿˮԶٵ֮ɴԻɱλˣӵ֮ɴ׷ǣǻɱݣ
һǾźˣȴҶһϲ
ָ˴λʥˣʱɫ䡣ûϵҶһ˾ȻԼһǧǿȴ³ԼԴľţһֻû˳ǳأȻһ룡
ͻȻϮϮǰô˲ͺ˱ͻϮĵùأ
ʱʮʥȴʥսһɸߵΣǾ޴ޱȣʥԱ֮£ȴֱСһ㰫С硣ǵʥҲ̫ԶҶоҲ൱Īּ
Ⲣ˵Ī˼ʵĪܵʵϵʥ֮ҲһֻҶǼֵȣԵòôǿѡ
ˣʮʥʵǼΪǿֻʥ֮£ȴˡ
ʮʥһ𹥻ȴҲʥĶ֣Ҷֻʮʥ֮ϧһ뽫УԲſʥǻ٣ҪƷס
Ҷ̧֮һ·ħٴ󡱡ʱġħģɢŲͬвͬϢĹâݻصɵĴһ½ԷǧȫС
ٴʹֹĴҶȴҲоԺһתŷⷨȻΧȴҲΪʥΪԶÿһеĵãԱĵԽ࣬ʥȴҲԽ
ʥʥ㣬ʥȴûκεҩԻָֻϢָҶ֪ԼʹһȻȥʱ
ٷһħٴȴҲѾ㹻ˡ
ǧʱڴ֮Уһͬʧǿ֮УҴܣȴӲص磬಻֪ͬ鱻ںδ
ⷨȴ޷Ӱ쵽ʮʥֱصɱʥԣʥɱ
ҶǰЩˣȴӵʥ˳˹ȥűԼɱˣҪһаλʥˣѾȫڴˣȻһҪߡ
һҶԼɫһԷ˷ΧһһȭҶһȴĬĬؼʱ߱һռѿγɣʲôµ
ѵҲֺܻڼ
ҶĿһӭ赲Լʥˡ
ʥ˵ȴԶǿ֮ǰλһȭ˹ʱķ籩ŰҶʥѹ赲ֻ·Բʮ֮ڣȴɷ籩硢籩ĺ󣬵ʱǳǳأֻΧɽأҲҪòӡ
ճȭĹȣ˲ƿصķ籩ֱӶʥ˵ȭͷһƺУǿˣֱӱҶССȭͷҡΣһȥķ籩Ҳһɢ٣ȫɡ
ʱսϴѶȻħٴķѾʧάֵʱĴպʥȴѾʩչȫһһȺȺػɱ
вҲѾȫѩӰﱼʹͭĪ׽˾ʧתͷսȥľű󣬻ʥˣ˶ӦϵΣϢ˭ҲҴ⡣
ǳǱҶڣǿʥԼޱȴһʧҪģȴʥˡ
ѩӰΪʥޣΣյĸӦȴκ˶ҪǿңͬʱҲκ˶͡˵в͵һ»Ϊһɫ磬˼˹ȥ
ͻȻһĹ⣬ͬʱֿ췢ԳЦݣţͬʱʱһռѿڴ򿪣һ֧Χľ޼ವһ˳ֱѩӰȥǼ֮죬һ㣡
СģĪܵ˾Ŵ𣬵ȴѾˡ
ɲǼ䣬ѩӰƾűܵķӦſڷһǺУϢɢݻһ޴ܣֱӵסǺɫľ޼ѩӰתӿʱ䡣
Ǿ޼ޱߣȻĵ˴ȴǷܣֱѩӰȥһ´ѩӰ֮С
ѩӰٶҲ̫죬ȼѾ˳ȥȴӲ֮˺һӣȴҲһ
ɲǼ䣬Χռ䣬ѩӰԿֱˤ档
һУ۷һ½ѩӰס޴ײȴҲײڵء
Ӧ󷽵Ϣ仯Ҷ㲻ͷһͷһȻѩӰȾѪʱŭ͵طһ

ѩӰֻСʿ֮ʱԵ裬˵裬ʵҶĵȴǽ䵱׵ѡ顢ֵܣ
ۼѩӰܵشҶ˫۶͸˺⣬Уһȭȴȭһȭǿޱȣȭȴݻһȭʱǰʥ˴ףֱӺ˺̿


534 
һȭ֮춯أҶ·һλ񣬴Ź͵һ¼ǰֱħٴźǻʥ˳ȥ
ȻŭҶȴûʧȥǡûгѾڼһʱγвսʥˣǳ󷽣ʱԳֵʥˡ
ʥ˾֮ҧأͻȻһӣһںڵĴʱǿռѺ֮зֱҶ
ƣ
ɱĺâҶǰһȭǺڼײľ죬ȭһճȭǱü澡飬ѵĺڼ׻
ʲôʥ˱ŴˣҲţȻ˿ԼǾʥµĺڼ
ֻһҶȴѾǰִ֮ٳȭôеùȫɱҶ㣿һȭشֱ֮ϣҪȭƴ𣬽һֱ۷飡
ҽУתߣһȭѾ֮ϡѵоŴгƵʹУԼȫʧȥţһ𵴲ݵӿţһ½ĳ
ʱҶ۴޾ɱ⣬͵սλʥ˳ȥ
ʥȫŴˣ޷ϾȻڣȻ֮ǿµġ򰵼
ߣߣһʥֱӱ˵ٲͬ飬ԶǲĶ֣ٶҲĶ֣
ߣߣҶһһʥȥһ½סҵ֮£ʥ˷һҽУԿ׹䣬ݺˤڵϡ
һʥۼ޿ӣɴһᣬҶȭһ֮ҪҶΧ
һȭֻһȭޱߵ֮ʱ˸ɾҶȭͷֱʥ˵ĸʥһŴȴһ۾ɵüҪۿб
޴ʹ࣬ʥһ¾ʧȥ˵ֿ֮Ҷʥֱס
ʥˣҶͬ飬Ҳˣٶսʿ⴫ĽһѪڣĳȡǵһһֽԺ֮飬ԼҶ·ۣù١
ͬʱҲԼ֮ǰıֶ
ԹԣǶʵǶҶ㣬ֱ㶵ġ
ĸһҲ֪ǲǶ˵Ķ֡ƴ˵
СɣһȻ˶֣
ֻ˵ȽϣҪͶ˴ܡί˵
ɱУӵĻ
ֱӻɱǿʥˣˣҶһҲ˥ò̷һöʥ²
һһ֣ʥ㽫²ֱӴ˳ͷ֮ϣѩӰԣе̽ˡ
ޱҲĵǣ縺սΣȴ뿪ֻôһѯʣ磬ѩӰô
áҶ㿴ѩӰѪܵ˿ڣѩӰ峺Ŀ⣬һֻ˵ȣ£ȴġʥƼձȫָˡ
ǱáޱҲһһǻŭȫй˺սЩϡ
˴ʥˣˣһҶ²˾ŵĴȥһ˺չ޴ЩУȫ𣬲֮󣬳һʬǺѪ֮⣬һƬսһ˵Ӱ
ʮʥȫʥƷȻҶ㲻ڻʥڣЩȴҲʲô
Щʥ̫ǿҶоһ֮䣬ԼҲ޷֮ѹ
ĪܣָϵķսҶ´ŵսʿǼǿ裬ʱ˾
ǣĪȥ
Ҷ䵽˳УһʥѺһ㳡ϡҶڹ㳡£ؿʥˡʱѲ֮ǰôʹ࣬Ϊʥǵвǵȴֻʵ
ܵҶĿ⣬ʥȴɲǱ֮ܰǰۼҶǿµȴѱסһҶ㣬ɱһ㣬ȫǾ⣬޷ơ
ȸң֪ȥ̽飿Ҷʵ
һʥԥ뿪ڣһɨһֱۣ졣
Ҷطǵ۵ʥϵʥʱʥ̲ס˺ѷεĺУȫÿһë׶ʼѪƬ̼ͱһѪˣڵϷݡ
ۿͬĲ࣬һʥ˲ɲ̧ͷҶ㣬ʣ˵ˣܲɱ𣿡
Ҷûлشʥȴʼ𶯣һʹУʥ˴˵˵ǵĴ֪ǣ˵ظһʵǷɨܱߵ˲䣬˵óҪҪ׼ʱһ͵ѰӰʯʹʱΧǿգˣǵһǱ㷢ǴȻû㣬ǵΪĴʼǸв˲ɳˣҪǽˣвǴҲ֪ǵǺʱͻøǸô
Ǵ࣡ޱƽ̲ס˵ȻϮʥ͢ӣǸ
һ˶Ƿŭ̲סŭ
Ҷ̧֣˱ʱտڣһƬྲ
Ȼ󣬸Ҷ㿴ʥ˻˵
Ǹ۵ˣʱʥĥطҽвֹ˶һֱͬĲҽУȴ˵ʱ˵ҡҲֻǹһһСѣһ죬Ѿڴˡ
Ǹеľӣ˲ཫǧˡҶ㻺ʵô֮ϻжؾ
ǹͳģһӡʥ˻ش𣬡˰ǧңʣǧأϸ˹ȡЩԼľ⣬͢ǾжˣҲֻ̫֪ǧ˰ɡ
˵˵ǵ͢Ҷ˵
ں󷽴͵ϮУԭʥʵšǰͳˣǵ򣬵ͻȻһ죬һԸΪǿǵ򣬻ǵǵΪĳ֣ǵʵŸΪ׳γµĹģ
һԵ˼ǣ˸̲סʡ
һһ󡣡˼æش˿û˸Ƿ֮һ˿
ǵʵΣޱʡ
ʵʥ֧ţʵǺǿ󣬵ΣҲ˵ΪһµʥС򰵼ʱõľʥʥ֣ǶǵĶ֣ǱʵǾͲˡ֮ǵĴ£ԽԽǿҲóϷǵǵ쵼ߣ֮͸Ƕ֣Ҳ޴֪ǵʵˡ
򰵼ʥ֣Ӳü
˵ͭʡ
ûСҡͷ򡯵֪
ʲôҶҲ̲סʡ
˾Ȼ֪򣿡һ
磬˲˵ǳʥ𣿡Ƕ˵¶˿ȷʵ֪
ס֮ħħס֮ʥʥ˾ס֮ʱ͵֮⣬Ļס֮Ǳ⻹ס֮Ϊ򣻽ס֮Ϊһڲ֮ͬУƹܲͬ棬Ϊʥвͬƣһ㶼ǳΪĳĳ硣
Ҷ㻹ǵһ˵򣬲ɴк档


535 Զ
ףĻͽǣҶһĲ⡣
Ļδǰӡһָۡദһʱ䣬Ҳ˽⵽۵Ĺȥ
飿Ҷʡ
ûһͷûֻ˵ᵽ˵֮Դ֮УչһǿڽһȺֵ飬ȫɽһɣȴһǣܷܣ˵енż˷ʥǹʱٱգʼġ
ô˵Ҳ֮ˣޱ̲סʡ
˵ôġ˵˵ô˵⼸˭Ҳûħ嵹˵ʿħ֮Ȼ֪ħ춼絽ֻǴ˵˵ȷ£Ǿ֪ˡ
֪ˣȷʵڡ˸˵
Ҷ㻺ͷĿʥˡ
ǷϵҶ㻺ʵ
Ҳ֪ˡʥҡͷ
㻹֪ʲôҶһü
ʥʱŵֱ£˵ˣڰǰҲֻǾĲ¶ѣھǰҲֻķݶȨֻ֮бɱľܽӽȴֻ֪ˡδɱģҾֻ֪ǵСС
ôʹ򰵼֮Ҷ׷ʡ
򰵼ʱͨС͵ĿռŻǡʥ˵ҪʹãҪŻͨ򰵼֮ʹá
ֲǵĻô˸˼ص˵ͷ
ʥ˼Ȼʹ֮ȴˣ㽫ɳĲʹʥǰˣֲʥ֣֮˼˼
⻰˵ҶҲһǰҪʥ֣ɳĸµȥִ񣬿ɶĶˡ
֮ĽףжˣҶʡ
Ҳм˰ɣʥ룬ҡҡͷǵˡ
ҿһҪǹѺҶ㻺˵ҽǱ밴ҵҪڹؼ֮ʱǵĹϵ𣿡
ףףʥ˼æͷ
أҶʱֹͣһʥʥһƬѪ֮вסϢ֮ǰǿѾĿ־壬ȻˣҪʲôұʲôֻǧˣ
Ǹʵ˿µͬʱҲֻ㷽ŵңôʱҲһʵˣ֪ˣһʼй˶ʡ¡
ʥѺȥڳеҶĪæټˣʼԶ֮¡
ǳԼȫǶȿǣǳڴǶȿǣ綼빥򣬺
ӵһصʥʵóȻȴ֮١ҶĪϸѯѰӰʯԭϸѯܱܿѰӰʯ̽顣
Ī룬ҡҡͷѰӰʯչ֮ǰȲ֮⣬벻ʲô취ܽѰӰʯŵķΧ֮ڡ
ô˵ȴֻӲˣҶ˼
ǾӲ£ƽǴһֻʥˣʲô˲õʥѵǱûˣʥǿԶʥ˲õıѵȲǵ򰵼
ʥ㣬ڵκ˶޷ƽ⣬޷ǱȫԼʥΪսˣֻܲķǣǷҶ˵ʥʵѴۿۣҾս֮ҵҲ֧šԷ򰵼ȴȻˣȻԶ빩ʹãȷʵòСķ
¯Ҳ𣿡ޱʡ
ڳô˱ʱʥԹˡҶҡͷ¯Ȼǿ󣬵ȴԲʥڵ
ǵôأƳü
ȹ硣Ҷһ˼˵ֻһˣȥ磬ǵҪһƻ˵󣬱ضŭЯ򰵼׷ɱҡǵһɢұʱǷٴٽ
̫Σ˰ɣޱһԡ
ΣաҶһЦҵʵ㻹Ųһ¹ⱦٺʥеҲԻɻ֮ܣʲô
ûûƽ˵˫ղŴҿɶˣ˵˵Ǹʲôħٴ󡯣ͺֱһǧʱ˾ŵƾʧǲĸְ
ֻԷֵ֣Ҳԡӿ˵ΣΪһ˧ֻ֮УһǾЩס
ֻʡҶ˵ֵǿֻǽϵʥߣ򰵼Զֻǻˡҷһ壬ԶԿɷһЯѩӰս㲻УܵٶҲһġ
⻰ȴѴҶЦˡ
ֻѩӰѾˡޱǵ˵ǵ˺ãֻҪ°ɣ
޷ͭһ֣ﵽ磬ҪٸʱɷʱȴǰңôʱѩӰȬˡ
ʥ޵ͼǿĪ˵ҽ˵ĵҩι£ɼӿٶȣҿѩӰϢգһָܻˣȴʱԸ
ûûޱ˼ͻȻЦʵǲöȥðա
㾫ޱһۡ
Цˡ
ϢһգĴգǵһճҶ˵
ǣӦ
һս˵ջǱ˾ŵЩսǵ׼ȫڹбʣµҲǲƲ޷ʹáЩսȴ²٣ȻǧԿʹá
ĪܽЩսսʿÿһսʱʹãʣµһִ͸ڽ̵ǿߣһʹ緲֮á
ЩսЩʥ˵ֵһᣬԷʥ˵ȴ޼֮˵ҶҾȴǿҿԶˣսʿװҪҪսȴҲûʲôͬȻÿ˵õһѷսҲûΡ
෴Щķ˵õЩսȴ˷ܲѣһֻлʥĿ󷽣һԶʥĪܲţֱӰѸǷ񽻸սʿǣҴˡ
һһҹ֮󣬵ڶҶٶ飬Ҫ
˰ٺ֮ͭ⣬Ҷ㽫ޱ˸۶磬һʮսʿĪܺͭǼĴԼѩӰһͬȥ
ְţޱһٸԸģȻҶİΣȴòʵҶĻΪҶеĸΣʧ
磬ӦңһҪСģҶʱޱض
ʥֻһ˺֮κ˶޷ָӣ뽫ʥɽҶ㣬ȥ
ġҶһЦһ֮ʱһǺϢ
˵꣬һʮսʿװԼ֮УСƴѩӰ뻳УĪܡͭǼĴգֳ󳵣뿪ȥ
磬ҵһصͨһ·ǰԶȥ


536 
ǿޣһž޴ǿ֮Уתš
Ҷ㽫ͣ˾̫ңԶһŻС֮ϣǱĪܵˣһ˼ݳһ򼲷ɶȥ
Ҫǿ磬ҲںǷ񱻷֣Ҷһ·۵糸ֱռ֮ͨУ֮͵ؽ֮С
޹˼ɵؽԼʥɢһ½ΧƬ֮󣬱һʥң޷ϵȫ
ڷŵĶ̶һ˲ȴѾϵֲҲӦǡ֮͢
ǴԼʥӿ֮ҲΩһʥӿĵط
ûֱӹЦţȴѡһ͢Զ˾šǾˣ϶һ俪һʮ˹ȡ
ɶһ½ǾŵҪ֮ϣʥһɨ䣬ﲢκηټʱȡ¹ⱦ٣Ҫ
ʱЩ˸ոոӦо޴ѹҲǺ£Ӧǿʥȴûбŵþʧ룬ǿţӳɱ˳
ҶףЩһﲢǵɫˣֻ򵥣ûмʲôˡһ׻ǳţ»ѡ
»Ϊûϻ
ǸոҪ֮ʱ¹ⱦٵѾնҶſһȣӽʥԿзֺһǵĶСǵǿµ֮䣬ʱǰ¸ҵİֱ˳ĩ
ʱ󷽵Ķȫˣʣµİٶ˾ֵشţæҪͣס֮ƣȴ󷽳ͬݺײһ𣬲Ҷʹκηв˱ͬײʧȥƽ⣬ˤ档
һЦ֮䣬¹ⱦ֮࣬һ㽫Ҫеȫɱ߽ɳ
һʮ˹ȵشʥ˵ȷţһƬǰ˻ʥ򣬴˵ռرʥ͢ɱ˵ص˾Ѿʥ𣬲֮һ˶ܵƲãȷӦϸ˼ȥУڣɵõˡ
ʮ˹ÿ䣬κˣЩеʲôطһ·ҶǶ˵һ㡣
һĿɿڴסЩȨķȨ򾪿ֵʱѾٵҪȥҪһ˵Ƿ¡
ҶҲǣʱѰһҪȥһҪ֮Уֻаٶˣ¹ⱦ٣ñ㽫Щ˾ɱ
ϵƶţ֮ɱˣȴŭǿˡ
˲һȴвӰȴŻŻ͵һ´򿪣һ֣ɲ֮䣬һںڵĴŻ֮м׼Ҷ˹
ԷȻһ֧򰵼ȴҶһվ֮СҶȴΪ⣬һ֮Ѿ״ռ䣬Ƶ˰֮һյϡ
ЩȴûͨļʸһʧȥĿջ𴦣͵һ֮һתͷҶ׷˹
ֶοɱңҶЦһ֮䣬ȴЩܡһ·ԶȴͻȻ͵һͷһȭŵһ֧ӽԼİȥȻһ֮䣬ǰļֱӱ飬ҲĲС
һöʥҶ֮䣬һӽʥ赲סڶֻһǵڶֻĲ棬һȭ룬лϡˣʹ㽫
һ߷ɣһߴУ֮㽫Щȫȥ
ССļҲҪҵҶһЦһ߷ɵһ˾Ŵ¹ⱦӽʥٴһ𷢶˲佫˻˳
򰵼ԶΪ̫Զȴʧȥ˼ʸսʱٶȵƣҶԶԶܸӦϮ׼ȴ׵ض㿪һ߶Űһ߹˾ţææЩջ޴оա
ڣλǿġסˣһŻ֮УӰ֣һ֣Ҷһ
ǾȻҶ߼ĸߴˣȻżֿҰ뺷Ӱӣȴ֮һ峺۾ۣ֮ûаҰױȴʱ¶ǻ۵Ĺâ
λСһɫ磬ڵס˰ӣһͷԵƮޱȣĸڵߵգԵض硣
Ҷ㲻ɣɼƣֻûôߴ󣬶òʸӽ壬ϸмӢ
ʲôˣȻҵʵҰŭ֮ɫʵ
˵˵Ұ¿֮ȡҶ㿴˵ɳԵ޹ʵϮҵأҲֻõµĵֽֽˡ
ǰ˻ʥ˵λһü
㵹ǲ͸¶ԼĹϵҶһЦ
͸¶ҲûʲôҶ㣬˵һҪҲȥûʲôɵĵġ
ôĿҶ̾ϢһֻһᶯҲǼλһ㣬ֻ֪Ĵ
ЩûõĶɫһһ
û˵ĻȻôֱӳ֡Ҷ㣬۾峺ˮһһʱʲôŭʲôɱ⣬ȫ˫۾ʧȡֻ֮峺޵ޱߵ峺·ǲֻ֮һˮ
ʱһŻͻȻ򿪣һ֧Ϊ޴İһзҶ
Ҷûж͵һ½¹ⱦپָɨ֮䣬һ»ӿ˲仯һľ޶ܣҶǰҶ㱧ٺˣϵ࣬Ȼһ޶ܡ
һ޶׷飬ڶҲܿ챻ơƵĵʱļѾʼ΢΢ƵʱһͷȴѾۿۡ
Ҷʱ͵طǰֱӷųһʥǰסҵ֮Уʥǰһɳɢȥ
ֶιȻѹֻһҵ硣ͷҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
һЦ䣬һ֣ʱһ֧򰵼ͻƿռ䣬ֱ
һΣһûֱҶ㣬ͻȻձըǧٵɫһˮĺߣԲͬĽǶҶȥ˲ͽҶУ·һҶ档
һصˮҶţа˸о֫彩Ӳȫ䣬ж·ǵ˱֮һ㡣
ˮϵⰵıʣʵˮϵ
Ҷһ
һ֮䣬һ½򿪣ʱ֮еʱӿһ³ľ޴ڣͬһˮһӿšţһ½Ҷȫ¶ʵʵذһɫľ޴Բ
Բ򣬱һԲεıݣ̶ֳ˵ԣ·һö޴İɫˮ顣
۳εɲǣǧٵźɫˮİһ˹ʱԲȫԲ򻯳һΧĴ⬡
̶ֳȵ㡣Цɣһİɣ
Цţ峺¶һ˿⡣֮ɫûüеʱת˾㵡
Ϊ֣ʱԲ򲻵ûб෴ȴʼЩһ֧֧ܻɱʥ˵ĺɫô̶ͬһ뵽Բ֮УԲ򻯳˺ɫˮһɣһա
⡭ôܣȻʧ


537 Ļ
򰵼ȻˮʥҶûʲôɺµˡ
Щ֮Ҷûջ֮У֮ѹһţԼߡ
ʥЧô㿴㱾ΰɡҶ㵭˵ţͻȻ˹ȥ
֪ļһߣб֮ɫϵʥҲҽҲǲ֪츳Ȩһ˵壬ӵǿϵ
˵֮䣬ȴǲĵطųһ޴İһΣֱӱҶߵԲʱȥһ޶ܣһ½ǰס޴İУܿ챻˵ˮȫ޶ɡ
ʱҶѾ嵽˽ǰһȭҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ㵭ȻһЦ˵ȷʵǿ󣬵ֺ˭ȡ
ȭ
һȭУǿֱ֮ӽ˳ȥȫ𵴲ݼ䣬³һѪҲ壬Ȼ⣬ȴֻСˣûд󰭡
Ҷϵ֮ǿȴ˼ĳؿҶ㣬ôܣʥ֮оȻзһʥߣ
£ҶѾȭϴһΪ֮һ
ɲҶǿ߽սˣȲ֮£͵ؽڿһУһͬʥ鶯תۼ䣬һƵŻһ´򿪣ӿһɫ⣬˲߻һ˳ںڼʸ
򰵼
һУץסǰΧļʸͻȻҫһĨ鶯Ĺâ϶ֳһֵ⣬ȴ֪ʲô
ӿ֮ʣ򰵼ȴͻȻҲӿһĹâɢһޱȵĹ֮һ»һʮɳĺɫճһɢ͵Ҷ˹
ɭȻڿſһż絶ֱҶݺҧ
ʱȴٲǰ赲ˣȻˮϵɡ
ҶȴϣӦһֲͬѰʥ֮в
̲סͻȻĻꡱ
ҧңҶЦ͵һ㿪˺һҧ͵ش򿪣һʥʱҫ۵Ĺâ֣һȭǺϣȻ죬ʱһµĴ󶴣Ŀġ
ǿסʥִ𾪣ҧߣ򰵼ִݳĵâϣǺϵ˱˲ָҶȥ
ʥĻᡣڸߴʥ˵ʮɳһ㲻ö޴͵һǰһǺסҲʾһϣԾһ㽫նϡ
һºɳ˿ˣҶ㲻ϧķĿ֮£ʥȫһʱ׹䣬Ǻպĸĳһ㣬ʱð̣ҵضŤ
ʲôѹסԼ֮飬̲ס
ʥ֮ԶŴڵʥǿʵ֣Ҷ㿴˵šЩʥӦʵʵַ֣ʥֻ֮꣬·һ
ôֵ֪صɴ۾Ҷ㡣
ҶЦˡ
Ļչʾʾ˵ڲͬʥ֮ҲҶ֪κһȴּΪӽ֮ټ򰵼ҶȴԼµֻҲһ㣬飬Ƕһλ˵壬̬
ôһĻ꣡Ļ꣡
ķӦȴ֤ʵҶĲ롣͸ŵ֮һЦʵһбѲ¡ֻû뵽˵е粻ʵڣеĻ꾹Ȼܵʥ֮ˡ
֪ܣҾ͸ˣҶ㣬͸ɱ⡣
͵һģǳ򰵼һ´ǱͬƲĺڡ˲䣬ųһ⣬ȫʱ˾޴͵һһ¾ʥĻһܺѾָ糣
͵ſ³һöɫİʥȥ
ʥӶȭһȭ׹ӭȥǰմñըǾ޴ıըҲʥȻһҲһҵҡΡ
ҿʥֵܼʱţҲ
ն裬һööӶʥȥÿһöӵżǿʥĳλʥߣֻһҪʥߵ
ʥ׹⣬ҶĿ֮¶һööǰȥߣסӶȭͷӭһööմ򱬡Ǿ޴ıըȻʥ壬ȴٲ˺һֻȫǰ
Ҷһöʥָ֮£ʥӦ֣Ǿ޴ʥǰȴߣ޴İʥһľ롣
Ҷ΢΢üȥȴһս򰵼ӵо޴άԼתȫķ֧ԮԼͲͬˣʥÿһ£ԼҪ޴ĵĴۣȥԼ˲ʥ⣬
һģһԱ
йâһҶһһ¿ӿ𣬿ʥ͵̧ƣһ»һҫ۵硣ֱһ±⧲ĺһƬҫ۵ĵ֮䣬ٴŤ
ãһʱ֣ҪﻹüȻһ֮Уȫ汬Ǻһ±ըĺ˿ߣ˿˿Ʈɢ
һ֧򰵼ֱӱըתɳԶ׹ȥæһץһֻɫâַǰץ
ǰջأһöʥ»ָҶ㣬ȴһѺݺץ˹ȥʥֱݻһֻ֣ǹâ֮ץƣ򰵼ץУһ¶صԼߡ
㣡ñӶˡ
սѶҶ㽫ʥʡԼǱ򰵼ץУ΢һ㲻һüںڵļ֦ϴʱȻһƣ֮лҫǹ֮ʥʥ֮£ˡ
ϵڣС޲Ӧд⣬١
㡭㣡ò֪˵ʲôãֻǴ֣ң
̬İߵĺӡ
Ҷ㵹һ
ʱһŻͻȻ򿪣ţһŮ˳Ů£΢СһЩκǲһȻһ˵ӰӣˣԳһֶصŮ߼֮ҲҪǰһ
˵սɱ¾ǲܽġŮӿ̾Ϣһ
ڿϰˣ͸˷ܵĹâһָҶ㡣Ѿɱǵļ԰֮УٲɱǱ㽫ΪĽ֡ԥˣһɱ
ðɡͷҶȻһ˿Ǹ⣬Ǻԥسˡ
һ̧֣бɫĹâ򰵼ٻһ¾һ±ҶգڿС
ҪҶһȴѾ
ǿʥڿзţɢΪ޴Զʱǿ
Ϊɢ̫ǿЩ۵ƣһ±ɻصУһˡ

ͬʱһ
ϧһʥҶҡͷ̾Ϣ


538 ̿
򰵼һʱӲɲֽемһץ˹У
ɫͨ죬ס
һʥȷʵϧ˱֣ȴҶЩЦá
ʱͻȻһƿٵؾۼͷϻһУе뻺һԲ·һͨŻһ㣬һӰ뻺ؽ£һɫĹ˿Ƴһɫףɢ
һò붯мƵˡ˵֮ƣòһǶһ˷ˣ࣬͸һֱӢĳࡣ
һߴӣ죬һѩף䡣ĿҲͬ겻ѩɽɨ˭˭Ҫ̲סս
Ҷ㿴ˣӦ䴫ϢһüǾȻһĻ꣬ԶԶǰ
ʱ֣˽٣ɫøѿˡ
ѵ֮ǵжԹϵ
ӣΥˡ˿ڣ͸һֱϢʮǰ뿪֮ʱ˵򰵼˥֮գɱ֮ʱ
㣬ǶѾٻز磬ο໹Ҫֵָֻʾˣдһ˿η塣
޷ȥΥǱΪ㡱˻˵
޴н£ʧ򻺻ȥʱý˾
ֻһǡе˸š
ҧ漴¶һ˿֮ɫһҲֵˣ
Ҷע⵽⺣ĳƺȻǡӡ
ӣĻӣ
Ҷ㲢֪Ҳ֪һǷʥһʥȣŲͬȨϵһһλҲ㹻ġ
ĻȴƺΪȨӵʥ磬⺣㣬׷ɱֻ˫ڶʥУٻزȥ֮٣ȻҲΪʥдȥΪ֮֮١
⺣֮ǿȴǳҶ֮⣬ӿһȻзϵǿߵϢϵǿߵϢ
Ҷܽ似һߣʥбֻʥһ塣ӵǿ壬޴Կĳֻǿķ
ҲƺΪѪḶ́ʥ޵츳ˡ
˿⺣ӦǶȡĳʥ֮ںϸ֮γòҲˣҲÿ¡
ǱҪ˵ÿܡ㻺˵ţĿȴתҶ㡣֮ǰҪɱǱĩ·ʥʥߡ
ɱңҶ㿴Ŀñ䡣
㻺ͷĻΰĴڣһ֮Ȳ۹Ļܱ꣬۹衢Ⱦ㲢ûκγޣɱ㣬ΪϣΪĻϡ
ǿЦҶ㿴ź㣬ҡͷЦ
ʥߣȴ·𿴵һϣ۾ʱһְɣǱϾѾʥþӣѽԼΪʥһӣȴ֮ͬˣûκ²йͬĵˣһͬԸʣһк˵
⡭Ҷ㣬ٿ㣬ֻҡͷһ̾ʥߣҲη֮ˣҲҵİһڴˡܰǶȹһѹأһ㣡
֣㿴ˣҡͷǲҵĶ֣ǣʹҲһֺ֣֮οʵҿøɴһ㣬ûʹ־塣
ôĿҶ㵭ȻһЦҼԴˣԴȴǵһμ
Դ󣬶ʵʹȻޱ飬
ʵҶͷôұ㿴ʥߵʵ
һʱ֮Уֻһ䡪ٻǧҶս֮ʱΪûеЩһͬս
ֻһǰӢΪһӦȻֻһӼ֮ˣȴ£
ãֻƾӢϣұȴ֮ǰҶͷӦҿ֣ɱ⺣֮ҲǼƹ򣬵ǱӦһ
뽲ʱӦ
һ˾ţݲӶ硣Ҷ˵ڶǰ˻ʥ͢ʥ͢ϽԼ֮ٷǿ
ܣӦʱش
أҶ㽫
ӦҴӦȻһ˿ʣȴûκҪ˼˾Ҷ֮ԶС
ɴҲԿ⺣жôǿǵӰ
սˣʱˣ˵ѾԣұҪˡ
£ȴѾһ֣һ֮䣬ƻޱ磬ذС
ʼûһ飬͵һ·ǻһɫ磬һͻƵΧֱӳǰԶָ̧ǰһ㣬һ罣Ĺâָ䷢Ŀڴȥ
һ֮䣬Ȼ֣֮䣬۳һ޶ܣǰͼһâ£ǽâϾ޶ֻܺ΢΢ضͣһ£ʱǾ޶ͻƣȥ
һۼȴһҧǰſ˫Ҫֵ֮һâ
ǵ塣
Ҷ㿴ŶˣһͷͻȻһʥֱźȥ
ĿһǸӦʥȴ֮ʱ˽âˣָڿٵĽâָշ䣬һʥϣȻ԰ٵâ֮Ӳǽǿ֮顣
似Ҷһͷ̧֮ȴųһħٴ
ʱԴ÷ȴѾΪҲ˼֮طʹʥǿ֮ʱٲʱǰǺǿߣҲʱУýѡ
üͷ΢壬¶صɫ
Զص֮Ȼ޷ѳȴ֪ҶԼһһУͷ˵
ȻֶΣħٴɳһ
Ƕʹ֮ʡ
ҡͷܡ㶼޷ƽķҸûκΰ취Ƴ򰵼ʥҲãҲãǵĶ֣
ڹһʼʱûгְ𣿡ʡԲһжҲáĲԸٿɱ¾Ѫ֮߷ˡҿȰôãȴ˵ҪףҪ˳˵οסǣǵ԰Ȼڴȥ񡭡
һס֣ЦúϡԲңҶԲ㡣ĻЩˣҲ֮ᷢ¡һжҲá
ڴ˼ս֮ʣȴһһ˵û꣬ȴҶЦáҲû£֮䣬Ѿ¹ⱦٱڻУӽʥ¹ⱦ֮ͬʱħٴеĺ㴫ȥ
ɢһ½֣һĲ˿֯͵ףʱҫ۵ɫ档üͷһ壬һû뵽ķôǿ󣬲ҲʲôϵʥµľϵʥߵĽұȭɱɡ


539 ʥǵ
˵֮䣬͵ӿһȵ˿׵ںһ壬һɢȻһ޴Ļ֣档
һ±۾Ȼʹĳֲ֪طһ·Լڵĸй٣ֻƾޱȵĸӦ֮ħٴƣһҵҶڵλáӿһ͵һ֮䣬Ȼֱӽħٴƿһ޴ѿڣ˷·ǻһɫ磬һ·䵽Ҷǰ
ʱϣȻӿһҶоϤϢȴҶһ
һɲǣȴҲ㹻ʱ䣬Ҷһ˹
һָͬһһ㣬Ѹ罣ָۣ·һ´һм̵ķֱӻɽأʯס
֮ǿҶҲԿ͵ȥȴһ»һʥ
ʥƣһֱԾ޴εס˺ָһ֮УָʥϣȻûܺǿʥȴؿڴһۡ
һָȻǴʥһ֮࣬ǿʵ𾪡
Ҷ΢΢üľ޴ķʱֽһʥҲٻ˳ʥ񵱿ҫ۵׹⣬һź㹥˹ȥǾ޴ȭͷ𣬴Żһеƺݺݴȥ
ǿʥпһʱˣ˲ѾӳԶȴ׽ӽҶߡ
ҪԽս㲻ˡ˵š
ʱڽ̸˵˺һƣ͵ź˹ȥһͬһһ㣬շ֮Уȴ֮צͷź˻ȥ
ɫ䣬̧֮䣬һ·һ޴ٲշ֮佫һ²ڡǾʱŤһͬҽаձˮֱӽʶϡ
һ֣ˮֱ˹ȥʱδæӦȴֲҶ㡣
Ҷ㱾Ҳûָṩǿ翴ȫ򰵼ûһʥǱδÿˡ
ת֮䣬ķֽסһת̧֮ųһ峺ڿзһ޴ˮ֮УĿһ䣬пٵתҶݺݻȥ
ˮϵ
Ҷ㿴еʱ򣬲Цˡ
ȷʵ£ʵ˵ʥ񱻾֮Уֻ²֮ҲҪµˮʳ飬ձ𡣺㾹Ȼӵ˾ʵ˳ԾҶҲ硣
ֻϧʹõˮϵ
ۿҪҶʱҶ۳ɵԲʱ㵯һ·˲ͻһעǼ֮УٵΪһ塣תݵƬ֮ͣ峺ˮһ±˰ɫţˮȫɣݻһƬ
͵һգһԲ򣬻صҶߡҶ㸺ֶ΢ЦƵ塣
ˣĿڱˣ˾֮ɫ
ǸˣķƺκáҶ㵭һЦͻȻһһӿӽʥ֮ʱ
ϵǿĻֿ֣⡣Ŀ׺΢΢ҧ֮䣬ȴȮ¶⡣˲˵Ϣ˱仯øΪ׺ͻȻ֮һһƿҶ
Ҷɫһ䣬ʥһӭź˹ȥ޴ȭͷһ׹
ȴͬһٵͳǰ߰һŤɵض㿪ȭͷֱָ̣ʥ˺ۡ
ۼʥҶޱȡʥ񻹲ܷӳȫսб٣Ǿ㽫Ҷа취⿪֮Ҳû塣
Ҷʱ֮ͬǷѶϢҪ̹֧Ԯ
ʱһֱ˯еѩӰȴͻȻһ˹·ܵʲôĴ̼һ㣬һ̽ͷ㡣һԴ۾ֱضס˺㣬âǸӡ
ţһҶ㻳˳һ»Ǹߴľǣ췢һХХ˰ˣڵȥĻ飬ϸ֮һ˿ߺޣ·Ǽɱĵˡ
Х˲䣬ͻȻҵһһ־ɫӿͻȻʧȥ֮ǰȻЩʥһȭСڿķУǿ㿪ʱ˳֮Զ
ôᡭţץסԼͷ·ʲôԿţԵüࡣ
ôˣҶ㲻һѩӰ
ʱѩӰȴûκνֻǶס˺㣬Ŀ⸴ޱȣҶҲ⡣
ѩӰҶ̽ʣѩӰûлشֻٷһХ
һХ뺣УȴһϸЧӾҵһΣȻһҽС
ܵģǲܷģţ͸һֹɫʡѾ㣬Ѿҵһ֣ٶȸܣ
ѩӰУһĨ֮ɫͻȻ䵱ձУһһֱźȥſںݺҧʺ
СģҶ㵣ǵشһʱһеصʥȥػѩӰ
ҧֱ̧֮ѩӰָ˹ȥһµĽâûָ۳Σһ־ҵʹҽУӡԽһڽҧѩӰȴͻȻͣɵؿٶȷХ
Ҷȫ޷⣬֪ѩӰʱϣκսֻʥţû㷢κι
ܣ͵۶һʿССʥôܵйҵ㲻һֻʥ޶ѣ֮ǿңɡ
һ룬ȴȻֹ̧ͷգȴٵر仯һʱ峺ˮһʱȴĹ⣻һʱɢâһʱɫĹʡ
ѩӰֻǾʱХȴ·ڹ˭
Ҷ㿴һһǣԼһ²⡣ڴʱȴ˳û۳һǿķݻһµƾ㹥㡣
Ҷǰһס˶ˡ
ĺûᣡ
ûзЩ𣿡Ҷ˵һӶһ岢֮ʥ֮ʥޣҲʥǣѩӰӦϢ˹ȴ뻽δɵʥ֮꣡
ǲܡҡͷ֪ʲôеĵһʿԣҹΪҲֻѡιӽǵȴֱӶǿʥ޻Ϊ޶ȵطӳԭķ֮ĸ֣δʥԭɣʥǲܸģ
Ǿĺ㣬ȴųܸӦʧһǿڲϧһս
Ȼ£Ȼ
ҲǶ͹еĽϰɡҶ㿴ź㣬˼˵
ʱͻȻһһâֱ֮С֮âȴȫʧȡ֮һɭȻ̹⣬һĺҲػǵĳХ
ѩӰʱ˷ܵĹ⣬һһȥ뺣ڿйһţǵϲȥ
Ҳ§סѩӰͬ


540 
˼飬̫˼ˣĺ㣬첻ͣȫţվ˵ǿߣȻûܵйʥһֻʥ޵־
Ժ֮һƬհס
ʱĪܡͭĴպһٶսʿ㼲۶һΧ˰ΧֳûеĽţһǾùƽ;󣬵ʹﲻ֪ˡ
ôˣƻܣôû
أأţ㲻ǽǹܵôôڴˣ
սʿһžȻ֪ô£ǽ׼ˡ
ӦһսġҶָŹһŵѩӰͺ˵ѩӰһͽһе⡣
ʲô˼ҲûŪס
ΪǽһɡҶһЦ䣬һֱ˵Уʱʹ֪׷ʲô¡һ󾪺У̲סشסѩӰͺ̾
λҶתǲ֮ᷴǰԼɣ
㵱ʲôˣһҲˡҿǸ߹Ļ壬Լ˵Ļƨ
⵹šҶͷĻֻҲʥǰɡţ˵һ˵ǵˡ
뵽ǹɡ̾ϢһָָԶǰȥ
һһ֮Уǳǧǿ˾ţһȫŷؼףҲŷս֮ǰϮЩ˾ŲͬЩвϻԶ̹Ĺ෨һʵףֱŵսϣȷһɼΪǿ
ǵĽǧˡָЩѲߵ˵ǰ侭ҾľӢˡǵǻȻû٣ȴѧҳϡ
ǷԺʱôǷų̲ͭסʡ
ɫһ죬ʱ̫ţȴǰˡ
ȴ̲סЦˡ
һۣЦʲôЦǼʶЦˡ
Ҷһͷ֮ǿ˾ȣҲֻǿʥʥȰɡˣҲٻǹæ
˲ٴ㡣һʱԺѩӰ§һȵòˡһϲı飬峺˶޷µǿߡ⼸ϵ
£һ˽һ֮У֮ʱҪױϣȴҶϱ˵ۣҲû˵ʲôͷһס
˵ɡ˿΢ЦתҶ㡣ǱĻ꣬ΪڻҶȨ֮ʧƣԲò뿪磬ӱ׷ɱǸͳĻԱֻߵȣĴȴһΪĿĲֶεĺˣԡ
סĪܵ˵ͷȨ£ӶСˡ
лĪܣ΢΢ͷȻΪԼǾӡ
ӸӦָӲᣬЩǿоĪֲܿһ䡣
ߣصغһĪһ
Ҳûа취̾ϢһײУȻ򰵼ѹסǣǶȫİȴǰͳ£ǰϤʥǵֲҹԼǣҲֻǺ
²˹ҪңΪ˷ԦǶûжǼԼ١ʵ˵ÿγȥӶᣬزٺöңҲ׳ޱǵʵҵҲǰЩϲʱˣʱеĲҲûˣϰΪ
ΪޱҶʡ
ǡͷΣֻΪԼ˲ԼǵĴ
ǲðϵķҲ仵ˡͭü˵
Ҳҡ˵ֻðޱǵʵǿǺ£սսѸǵһһ죬һɱǣǲԱ֮
һʿ˵ԴΪ󻼣Žɳ׷ɱǡ߱ʮλʵǿĻ꽫죬Ϊ˱Ǳɱƾ򰵼֮ǿֵסҲǴɣںұײһռѷʥ磬ӵһû뵽㻹
жٹңӺʡ
ûй֮֡ش𣬡ָֻʥаɡĻһ壬û֮֡
ǵ˹֮սˡӵͷ
ҲٲȥҡͷȨս޴ڡ
򰵼ǻر֮һ֮ͨ˵ʥ˾ˣȴԱܷԭ򰵼һ֮ʱҲû취Ȼ׷˴Ҳαǻˡû뵽Ǹҵ˻ᡣ
˵ţһԹ޵Ŀ鲻ԽҶ㡣
ס֣Ȼ򰵼ٻǻҪлҶˡ֮ʼ޷ǻò
Σˡҡͷ˵Ļģǲǿ֮£Ҳʥ͢
ʥ͢ĪʱڣҶ
ȻذͷҶ˳־ǣҲǣҲֻһˣʲô߹ҲһȺСңŶûУ
Ļʥ󣬾ֻӶ֮𣿡Ҷʡ
ǵġͷˣǵͻᱻʥǿֽ⡣ʱıˣȲֻܶǵͨ˵ԭİ˸ʥˣ˻ʥʶ֪ʥлʥ˴ڣѾȫںϣҲֻʥ˵òϵظ壬ֱ仯ڵӡ
֮˽֮ͭͷ˵
ע⵽˽׺Ҷ㿴оȻаٶﵽʥļô£
ʥķһʱס
˿û˼ΪĻӣ츳ȨܲгȡǿĻ֮һЩʥ֮
ս֮ʱҲ츳ȨҶʲô
Ļ飬⣬ڲͬ˵Ϊ߹Ļ壬һӵһʡԶĻ֮Խһз֮
Ҳ˵κη˲㣿ӵɴ۾
ǵġһͷҪ˺ǣֻнս޴ֱӴķʽǵ壬ڲƻǿķҲȥ硣ȻҶ˵ħٴֶʵ˵Ҳû취ΪǹԵķ
ôΣҶ㿴ʵ
ףһǲѾ˳𣿶˷ˣôҪס
ֻɼҶһЦȻͶңȴǹ°ľڷ֮УδȫҴ򿪡۾ǵĺҲֻڡסְɣ
㵹ǸˡҶ㣬ͷϲֱֱȥˡȲѹ˳㣬ĿǰΪֹҶ㻹е⡣
˿ɰипĻҲֱ˵ӵмظӵʣѹȨʱ˼ҡ
ҶˣʲôԸ˵ͺˡ
ǵ򰵼٣ʵϧҶ˵Ž޸
ģһ¾վżĹâʲôġ


541 ȫװ
ҵҪܼ򵥡Ҷ˵һ򰵼޸֮Ҫһʱ䣬о죻ڶҪȡеĻ֮Ҵʥ
ӦиɣĪܼҶ˵ڶ㲻˵ʱڡǻվ֤˽ͨ¡
ⶼûʲôһͷϵشӦ
⡮ʵûʲô塣ҶЦЦ
ô˵ûأĪܲ⡣
˳ңԼˡҶ˵ǵ˳ָ˭ţ
Īɫһ죬ұΪ׽˼ǲ֮մմϲأȴԼ˼ǲܡ
㻹ץ˵ĴưƲ˶
ЦЦĪܺٺЦţϺ쳱ӿ
˲Цˡ
ҲЦЦҶ㣬˵Ҷˣʵ˵ٶȴҹĵһ졣һ𣬲ʹԼһѪˣֻѪɱҰޡ
˵˴ȴ˾Ө⡣
֮УҲȫѪɱ֮ͽҶ˵ʶһλɵʥԳˣлܸʶһϲġ
䶨֮Ҷ㿪ʼָ찵ޱˡͨħͨʥ˵ʲô⣬ֻƬ̼¶ѣ̵Ѿϰǿоķ»ڹƣȴһ򵥵¡
Ҷ㽫½ȻȻͬ⡣ʱİޱϣеķ˶ʧȥħһµķˣȴ˾㵿־塣
һҶɢ̵֮˻ڹƣصһÿʥ̽ޱĴѰЩĴһŻĺͯ꣬ʩ̵ӵֵõĵ㻯ɳ
ͬʱлڹߣҲָ˻ڹ¡
˷Ҳ֮ͻȻһ£Ϊһķ硣
ҶͷѾĴ硪硢ڤǡͭǺⰵޱǣ˱ٶಿ֮⣬շˣȴֵõǧĹˣĴ֮УҲʿ٣㲻㣬ֻ¼ʥҲɾͣӵ˲С
ҶĿǰȴָЩʿһʥʱʥٻȥʱ֪ʥ͢ĹҪĴ󷲼еʿùϵʹԼΪԼģȻټʥʱʥ֮УȴҲԼһ۱ɵĹ֮УΪԼЧĺò¡
ʥ֮͢вͬ䣬ҶһǿҲ޷޴ڴԼδıľͷԼĹϵѾˮ£ʹļ׳ȴҲǲѵԱ֮١
ѶҶʱܾʼ޸򰵼򰵼Ȼһ˲õʥҶʱѾӵʥ߾¯¯ҶȴǷӳ˾޴ãȻ޷صԶʥʥ񣬵򰵼ּʥȴǲڻ¡
Ҷ˵򰵼Ḷ́ȴҲо˽Ĺ̡İ֮£Ļ֮ԴԴϵش뵽¯ڣ򰵼ڲռ䣬Ҷ֮£Щ޸򰵼𴦣һ
Ҷ㷢֣򰵼֮ԾˮԵˮԣʥ֮ӽԭģˮ֮ˮ仯򷽣޳֮ΣȴĻ֮ż֮ˣ򰵼ʥ֮չֳģŻˮԵȴʥеˮϣγɵ
򰵼ı֮ȴĻ֮ǽСܡһʥУݻˮ򰵼ˣҲˣһʹʱ㻯ơ
ʥҲתˮԵ˲Ҷơ
һʥʵ˵áҶ˵ֻĻ꣬һʥ磬ͶҪˡ
ʥ𣿡Ҷ̲סʡ
˵СͷҲ֪ϻʥڡ˵ȻֻǶĶ˭Ҳûʥ硣ҳʱ˻ܾȣΪʥ粻ƴ˵һ㣬ͬ磬֮أ
ô˵ܽҲֻɺˣҶʡ
ǵġͷһЦȫõ˻֣ΪɱĻӵܣʥ󶯸ɸꡣ
ȷʵڵ㡣ҶЦˡ
˵Ц֮䣬һ޸򰵼֮ȴڽ򰵼޸ֻȥȣȴٴЩۿۣҲû취£Ϊ츳ȨҲ޷ʥĻúһ޶򰵼޷õ޶֧֣ܵ޸Ѿȫָȫʢڵ̸ˡ
֮УһΪһ¹ͬŬȴҶٲʱôܣҶĳƺҲֵġҶˡˡ֡ʵλʥҲѴ˰ٶ꣬ȴ֪Ҷٱ
޸򰵼Ҷ˵ȴһУ˽⵽ľҲʥĽṹʹģʽʱȴкϢٴʯλǿߣȻҲҾ϶Ϊһ˿ʹεľ
ɱҲߣѾԻɱͨʥˣֻԲҶҾһ㣬֮Ϸ䣬зƣÿֻ֧ܷʮΣ֮Ҫüʮʱʱָ
֮ǰùһξͻٻѾ֮𣬾޴Ľˡ
Ҷ㽫ٴʯ˴˰ޱϣһоԼ޲򰵼лõĵٴʯٽ򰵼Ľṹչʾٴʯȴλֻ˲һµʱ䣬Ƴµʥ
һΣʥˡ
һ͵װʮ֧ܻʥƳɵǿ󣬱ǼĴּʥߣһҲˡЩʥʥչΪˮԵ͸Լǿ֮Կƣȴ˵֮ջءˣȻֻʮ֦ȴѭʹá
Ҷٴʯһģٶսʿȫװϣʹǵսһ°εضκҲӡ
ţҶԼյ֮Уɼĵر˺һסһףҶȫ֮£ǿܣﵽʥȴǿޱȡ
ӦģҲǼѣҶֱʱ䣬ŴٶԼĲȫװϡ
ЩͨսʿĪܡǼĴյˣҲһӦģǵҶȴ˸Ѫÿһðʱ죬һǿϣ绢ÿ˵
ЩҶʵٴ׳Ȼֻٶˣǧ˾ſսʥǿһ۵㣬ƾٶսʿҲԽǧ˾ȫ
Ϣֹˣ˸С⼸ڼȻͻ˼ޣʥٴʯΪҶ㣬ȴ֮ϸиӰȻҲһ³ޣʥ
ҶΪˣʵæһϵʹ°ʹ˶ʥλСϣɻصҶߡ
ϲ֮࣬ٴʯֲϱУβҶ֣æðʱһǧһǧȻҶԲҪܶ࣬ôҲȫʥֱӽµһǧӢ˲װ
˻æͣĿǽǧ˾Ӣȫһʥǿߡ
һ־ѾȫʥɣѩӰͨҶ㹵ͨʾƥʥͦϲֵģҲͲ߱Լԭ֣ˡ
ȻʥǣʱѾҲϰ̬жȴû˽䵱ʥޣȴǵһ˵ֻ˼ˡ
˺־֮û˥ֱӼ̳˺ˣҶֶһǿǿߡ
ʵʵ׳
ͬʱһƣҲȻ


542 ͵ս
˸Ͱٴʯ󲻾ãˡ
Ҷڰޱϣһоܣ˸ҴҶһš
˵
ʲôҶʡ
Ϊ󽫾һС˸˵Ҫ̻صʥְ͢ӡš
թޱ޵ǵ˵
ȻթˡҶЦˣඪһȴѰҲɼѾõ׼ȷϢ֪ޱѾ֡ȻǣҲɵʱҪƺҰˡ
ô죿˸ǵʡ
ô졣Ҷ˵ˣ˵Ҷ󽫾лʥʱɨȴ޷عʥ͢˲вһٶϮȴɴ
ֱӿּⲻðɣĪԥ˵
ǾֲʥּҶһЦʥּܣһҲҪʦȻʥǰǻ¡ʥʼԿҲᰵ֧֣غ¡
ڸļзɣЦʡ
ǡҶͷǵѾΪ׳󣬵ԳΪһɿ֧ԼȻҪĻӮóɳʱ䡣
ˣȥظ˸һͷҴȥˡ
˸ӵؽʹʱʹıӶˣָı˵Ҷ㾹ȻҲǲһڣ󽫾ͷҲҪˡ
˸ûֱӽʿ⣬Ͳûƨٲһˡ
⻰ǼֵܶǿģƸʾʱڳĻһǿ϶ⲻ˵ģһ¾ܽλʹ͵֮Ŀռ֮ͨУʡʹԼö
ʱգһССķ粨Ѿ˵֮ʣȴо˵Ϣ
ҶѾ̽˰ޱ֮һƬ򣬷ﲢûз磬ȴвڵС硣ǲΪĵˣ⼸פʱ۲ǱߵĶ
СģǶ࣬һգǰһ˾ϢȻһ֧ӵټ
һ֧ӣϢһ
ǡ˹ػӦɼʥɵĶ飬ǿ󡣡
Ķᱻ׷֣̲סʡ
׼ȷ˵Ƿǡɫһ죬ȻչڳЦ֮뿪˵ڸǵ˵ھʧ֮󣬲ǰ档
˼ЦһԷǹƣս飬Լսˡ
ԷȻֱսʵĪüֹģĶ飬Ӧȫɽɣ㽫ждֻмʥˣȴδдЩɣҸоǿֻ̽ǵģĴӦûں档
̽ǣЦǺãǱǼʶʶ˳㿴ʲô£
ֻģҵѾˡǶЦ
ɱƬײƴš
ҪǵʲôĿİɣԥ˵
ҶһͷޱѩӰͺ㣻ǼĴգǴһһǧ˾жǺ󷽵Ⱥһʱʾ棬ָʾо
ǣһӦ
أĪ̲ܵסʡ
غü԰ʱ¡Ҷ˵
ò׻ʥôҲҸоһʥ˵ɣٴʯšʱλ뷢԰׵ߣȴѾƤ⻬ͷڷȥֻʮӡȴǳʥ֮Ȼı仯
ǵĴ󱦱ҶЦˡǿҲûʱƴʥװǾǿȴҪɣɲսܣиʲôʧǿʧ𡣡
ٴʯЦһεҡҡͷ
ʱȴƺƵʥ˴ӳУһװװС
Ҷ˷ֳսǰȥ֮󵽴һ磬ڶȥԶһŻ֮ϣӿһǿʥƺٻˡ
˼ЦҪǵѡõսϿ𣿡
ǲϵ˵ȻѾﲼúһУֻǽ֮С
Ҷһͷǲ壬ȴԵǵųɣ֮ǰޱʱһ㣬Χһǰȥ
磬ҪСġޱһ
İɣǿߣӦӶǰΪаɣҶһЦ֮䣬һȥֱ֮ӽУ䵽ǵŵʥһƬɽ֮С
ʥҪҶĳѺõսһأ
˵ӢأçײأһЦ𣬽ţӰƿ޿ռҶǰΪһ˶Ҷ㣬дɫ
˶һֳۣǿʥһ֣ʱһγһ޴ʥԲķΧСҶоγһʥİԼС
⻰ԭԭǡҶ㿴ǣȻ֪Ҷĳϸҵ£˵Ӣأçײأ
ҶģͷͲҪѿ֮ˡԷһλʥЦţ֪Ǵ˴ǰϧӢֻۣ֮ϣȴעİ
δơһλʥߵ˵ȥҲֻۿС
ǾʲôˣҶеʵ
ҪˣҲ¸㡣Ϊ׵λʥһİǹʥ򰲵ؿڣصΪȡͷ
˵֮䣬ͻȻһ֣һ´򿪣ʱǧгɱЩһȫףаٶ˵ĳȻɢʥȴʥһĿ磬ȴȫǳʮ׾磬ǿޱȡ
ţҲ󣬸ԴԼзųȴҲǧ֮ڡǧǿսʿһɢʱ㽫ҶΧȫ·
Ҷ㻷ܣͷЩսʿȻʥǿ̶ȴϱܿһЩ
ƨѾˡ˵
ʥİĸװɣҶ㿴Ŷڣ뵽һλ๴
Цżɽ˵ɣܽǼʥ˻ңҳŵر֮ҿһңҲԺѡѿɿ㣬ұ֤ڰ˻ʥ֮͢ƽơ
ĵǱɣҶЦʡ
Ͳ֪ˡߡ
𣿡Ҷ˵ͷô֮Ҳûʲô˵ˣֱӶְɡ
˵֮䣬ѾֱԶе˶ȥɵġδ󡱣Ȼֻͣһɲǣʱƶ
˵ɫʱһ䣬ڴһ֣
ʱһ٣ֳʥӶʱһǹ֮£·Ҫɽ֮Ҫ
չҶȴѾһȣһʥʱһ±ʥߵϣʥ߾һæȥʥ͵ؾһ𣬱ʱ߽⣬˲仯΢ɢ
ĿҶķ֮ڵɫһ±òҰףֺˣʧУɱȥɱ
һλʥߴһӶʥһĺ⣬ֱҶ˲㵽Ҷǰ
ϵʥߣˣһЦ
ɲ֮䣬ЦȻֹΪҶȭͷѾһȵĹ⣬һ֮ϡ͵һ۶ǿ֮жâ˲ͱջɻҡ
һ֣ɱλʥߣǿһ𾪣


543 սջ
һɱУڷ˻ߵĴָҶ㣬ǰ
ʱսٵسϿգһ޴Ϯ˲ͽȱ˶˥δƣ˲Ҷߡ
ӱôãڿԴɱˣһ˷ܵش͵һ𣬱ֱӳ˶ԷľӪ֮УʱһѪ
Ǽ϶ǶȡƣҲ˷ܵصɴ۾ҶԸֱӳͬķЩսʿսһӿ˿Ҷ㣬ȻҲ˷֮ɫȴͶȥһѯʵĿ⣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ󣬲Ŵһɱ
ûǽеսʿų
Ĵһ֣ھѾסŵֱ£Щսʿһ֣ھȫɵˡ
ʲôľӣϴʥõĻʥһɢ޴ףʹЩʮ׵սʿӵʥ˰һѰѴͬеһ㣬Ϸںڵɱ¾֮⣬ÿһⶼ׵ؽսʿ䴩ϵľ޴ǽһеսʿֱըƬ
ʲô飿ʲô飿ŵشš
ĲΪǹʥʥ͢Ҳôݳ޵װ
ʱޱʥɷ˳
ڵ۾һµɵϴ󣬼ۿе˳ߵλʥҲˡ
ܣǴ˵еʥޣʥޣһλʥ߾ֵؼг֮ǰǸ߰ȫ߸С
ʥɷһХ֮ɢʱ˼ʮǿĹսʿɣԷУצ֮£һսʿ˺䡣
ѩӰҲʱΪ޴ǣһ·˶ߣʱָһսʿ̵˽һ̧һ۳Σһž֮зȥ
һУȴȺ¶µת֮УĹսʿֱӱУҽУ㱻ֱӽɷĩеɫ峺ģƬ֮ȴѪĺɫ˶֪ǾǱɱսʿѪ⡣
ÿУɲԼʱû˲·ӣ
ǿµܼ꣬ȴԶǣڹһ֮䣬ӱᴩţС
ڸоԼҪˣ촽ţﲻסţôˣôˣһ˻ʥ͢ѹСС𣿲һнһСȨСҴǧλ󽫾ǰΪʲôȴ³
֮У֪ԼӦˡսһʤȴעӵЩֻԼҲҪΪѪɫеһԱˡ
һתȡһսϣڱҪݳߡ
ʱһĻǸߴͬһ˫ȭ϶Ϊһһ޼᲻ݵľУֱӵ£ݺն֮ϡʱƥʥսȫֳ룬ǰһˤϣӾȻǰ˼ȻһˤǴҲʱǰλֱˤΪȾֶûüȴʵʵڵˤ˸ࡣ
ǿµһĻһλ󽫾ʱǶսһ˫ȭǶȣֱСˣһЦݣϽǴ󽫾ɱл⣬һǴ󽫾ϣȻߵ÷ڶ𣬶һ˫ȭ⣬ȴɲǼһ
ţбһѪ䣬λǿĴ󽫾λʵʥߣնɱ
һʥ߾ֵطȥѡ˿սʿסķλȭͷҪǿȭЩսʿɱʱеսʿȴӵָ֮£е׼λʥߡ
ɲǼ䣬ٵڹһײλʥߵȭƣٷ׷״壬ʥ߷ĶǵĲҽԿˤˤڵϺ²ͣʱѾֱ治ǲһˡ
ΪȫʸֱһɫĴ⬣
ˣĵľԼΪУڸǰ˺ڣֻôһھΣŵ˫Ȳ
ʱҶҲٶȳˣûֱʹԼķȡ¹ⱦصѪɽսϣֻһУУ»Ĺᵯ࣬ȴ·𲢲ɳ֮У̻µĽ
ȴ⣬죬١һǿĹսʿһսĻᶼ޷õзɳɢ·һ
ڸоԼһѣΣʱܻȥ
ĺʰͬʥͶԷѪƴһҲҪúңѾòӡŵûо̫ɳѪ꣬ļΣҲȫԼһռƵ˳̡
ǿŰɱһش򣬻ĵһΡ
ڻǻ˹ȥһΪ־壬һǳڱܡ
ʧȥʥָӵĹӣʱͬɢɳһȻָǣҲⲻ˳ΪɢɳκҶǿ֮µľӣˡ
˰ֵܣָҲѾڵ֮ʣµһǧսʿʱѡͶһķʵعڵظ߾˫֣ǼĴոоޱȵơ
ǻǲˣţվǵս
Ĵһۣйսʿֻû
ȡǵзҶϵ´ʥȫ
ңһͷ̧֮ʥӿ𣬽йսʿϵסͳͳѳһѣ嫵ʥֱӾ𻯳һǧսʿȫ
һ֮ǧȻǧսʿȫװ֮һȴüˡʱԼЩսʿһһֻҪ˭Ҳʵӵʱܴ֮Уȡֻʵа
ҶȥĶߣģҡͷһЦֻһӵܣȻսЩսսʿԼ
ҽƤϣʾʥ쵰ɡǶ˹뿪Ц˵
𳶵ӵһۡ
ǵúúһλ£ʥ򵽵ڴʲô⡣Ҷ˵һ̧֣ųһʥжزסһ¶һս֮С
һսջķᣬǷ׾ͽɻǧǧİٱһٱʥսԼλʥʹõǿʥһ߰ӲսƷһ̲ס˵Ⱥʥļһȴר̸ˣǺúӡ
ֻǳ̫ˡӵһۣһָԱһЩѾٻףɱ˾ˣǵһն飿֪֪ЩʧԼʧ
ǸǶȺֵܶһȻûٸ˴һն¡
ǸҲǸޱҲЦ˵һ䡣
ʥɹǷǿޱȣһ·ȥмʮսʿ˴ףͬеĳһ˷ĩȴҶٻķࡣ
ȻҲһݣʱѩӰܵһϷȥˣŲʲôսƷʣʣ١
һΪһ֤ˡޱųϵĶ˵֤ͨУӦˡ
ûôסҶҡͷֻһʥ͢ʱĿڣ˵ҧһڡҪ࣬Щһûá
δޱʡ


544 
Ȼȡ档Ҷ㵭˵˻ʥ֮ȱٵģ˲ţʥ֮ȴ
ˣ˼⿤˲ţ۾һ
ǡҶһͷöܻ࣬ʮʥ˲ţôǵ㽫׳ʱǵսʿֱװݣʲôǿ߸Ӳǣ
ͷһսԳװǿĺôˡսʿɱһλϵʥߣҪڹȥֱ󣡡
Ƕ˵̵úáǶ˵ɹȥٸһһʥǿҲ֮ˡ
˵ǸߣĴָƨֵܵһۡ
ձҶһ֣ӽսʿ֮У˳սת뿪˵أպص˰ޱǡ
ʲôʱܵõʥռŵĽ֮֮佨ͨùˡ˳Ҷ㲻ɸ̾
²סޱ˵ʥʱҲ͸Ĺ£˵ռŻʥս֮ǰĹʱʮλʥܹͬɣÿʹöҪʮλϵʥһʩء
Щʥߵ¡˵ѾŻϰлᣬ˲úоһЩŻǷܷƳ
ֻ²סҶһЦףñʹֿռŻˡ
˳Ҳ⹫ɣޱ˵
Ҷһͷñ˿ռŻҲԲ⹫Ȼ޷֪ô˵ֿܡУұҲУ
²ǵ֮ҶҲδ˼Ѻ˳ڴ֮УҶʣһʥ˹ȥ㽫Ŀѡڴ˸£һ۱ҶĿ⣬ִ˸¡
ǡҪΧһɫǿߣıη
ǼĴգһɴ۾·Ҫһ㣬ȴоǱ˻Ҫ׶¡
㸸кνףҶ㿴俪ڡ
˵ʲôһҧҶģʶľ̷һȥҸطϮʱսҪȫ𣡡
ðҶһЦҸȫ𡣡
㡭ԷһȻνӣҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ҫսǿš˻ʥǻ֮ķǿжһ˿ܾٱϮȡ档һսô
ҶֻǵЦ˵ڸоԼĻ԰˿ܴ򶯶Էԥ֮£ɴҲͣڲ˵ˡ
˵ˣҶЦҽ˵ɡ˻ʥȻѾ˥۷ڣκһ֪˻ʥǿ飬ֻɱɱᱻܡˣǲŶž֮ģ˻ʥƴսҲֹ̬ȣ֮˻ʥ俪սʥһ򾡣档ǿߣŶ˻ʥల£˭ҲԸһͷ񡣡
ɫࡣ
̲ס죺಻˵Сǳʥô֮ĹϵôϤѵʲô֧֣
ûȻһǿ֧֣һССġ䵽ֻΣ֮صĽӵôʥôĳǿߣ
ѵǰ˻ʥ֧
㣬ΪδûʾʲôҶ㵭Цšսװǹʥսдռˣʤⱻ˻ܷ²սļһٻܵõһ˿̸ֻʱȴҲЦǷ²ǹʥսг˿ϸ˵˰ɣ
ڵѾȫɫˡ
ǵסҪ˵˰죬ڲ˵˹ؼ֮
ҿԴȵزƽεðҶ˵Ҫ㰲ȻߣȴҪһۡҪʮλʥʦһߡ
ʮλʥʦھһΪǹʥʥʦ¯𣿡
ûôཻƷô¾ֻﳤסȥˡҶ㵭һЦʥʱһ£ʱɱһĽ
ѡҶ㳤𣬽һ֮СϵʥҷɣʱܸӦ״̬仯ѣʱᵽ⻹Ҫ°ٱʹࡣ
ڲţһҲҶ
ҲʥԽҶ˵ȫԶʥĸҵ˼ҵʮλʥʦҲҪȣֻȴ˵ֻճ˵ȴ֮ࡣ
ڼæͷ̾˼
ƺɡ㡱ˡɼλ»£ʹ档
˿Ҷ㻺ȥ˸
ס˸һͷתȥżľ粽롣
صУҶĪܾ̲סʣǲʥƣһ밲ʲôĻ
ȻᡣҶЦˡô᲻ǿһڹʥеĵλֻ±ȴڱлҪҪԼһССĽҪЮ
˼ǣĪܲ⡣
ս׼Ҷһࡣҹƺܿһսʥһߣһǣʱǵøһϲǡ
Ҫʥ͢Ԯ𣿡Īܽŵʡ
Ҷ㻺ҡͷʥ͢Ԯֲô˽ʥ͢Ǳ˲أֻ½Ҫʥ֮͢ٲɡʵҲνؼǴڲ໢ʥ͢ⲻӰ죬ʱȫ뱻Ҫ֪౾ǿʥ͢ȼһʥ͢ʵֻƽ֣ʱǶȿǣһЩµδǿʥֻ͢»ΪƷ
һʥĴϮĪɫ
Ӧô˰ɣͭʱ˾죬ϾֲֻʥʣؿҲֻǿѣǻӡʥ򲻿ΪԼƵʧܣսҶ֮ǰ˵
ǡҶͷ˰ܵģľַǣһԼΧ֮ڣٶֱַǡǲֱġǱɫ֪ǵŻĸԸʥʦ
ֻƾĿǰܵеù𣿡Īܲ޵ǵ˵
ʲôһۣһǧǾɱһǧһǾɱһ򣡡
ܶõ˾ǧ˵һǧˣҲսʿһȫװϴġõĶʥȫлɱʥǿߵ֮⣬ޱʵﵽʮ׳̶ȵķˣλֻΪħͨ񶼳ķˡǸǱֵĻᣬһ
áҶһͷ±ս˴ʥȴװǣһҲһɲС
ô硢ڤǺͭϵʮ׷ˣҲǧ֮ࡣĪ˵ǽҲҲһǿ˾šսʿԼޱǷ˼һ𣬲ǧ֮ڣԵһλľˡ
ûޱЦŵͷЩ졯ǵʵһʥǲ֪Ҫ߳٣ֻǰ£ҲûôࡢôǿĸڰɣЩɻսƷʵڲ٣ȫԽеսʿװʵ
Ǿ׼ŰѰľӴ仨ˮɣЦ˵


545 ɵĻر
ʵ˵ҶȻǰֵúǵжҲһ˿ġһʥ˽ôҲԼĶ飬Ļ㲻ܳΪʥһ˲õ
ҶȻûл̽鰲Σ乴һ㣬֪һȲڹһȨ󣬴λ
ʱһλȴ˺Ϣ
ڷ񣿽Գ
һҶ֮ʱҶ㲻һϲɣ
£ﵽޱλؽУ˿ʥƺǽһɸߵӰֱӶ£һ·һļ֮£ҶĵС
ȴɡһҶ㣬Ц⣬һ񣺡ϣˡ
֮䲻ôɣҶЦŷ뵽¡û뵽ʱּˡҸоϵϢѾתʥӦѾΪʥ˰ɣ
ǵġһЦҲҪлˡ
Ҷ㼱æ֣кιϵ
Ƕ˾ܾңֻƾһʯȴԻΪʥЦ˵ʯͷڳΪʥˣԴ˹ΣȴҲЩС֮ˡ
ֻԼʵǿԵʣûʲôϵҶЦ˵һ˵һٻǰһһܡ˵λˣ֪Ҷ֮Ƴʥȫɣ˶ǿ
ɼͺȴɳһҶ㽫˵ϸ˵ɲŻȻһп
һһҶ̲סʣǰֻұϲ𣿡
Ҳɻҡͷ֪˵־ǽոʹܿຣɱ֮ܶԵرˣȥһԼһ£ԼȴԼ־ûɣԱصߣ̡֪º󣬱㾡ټʮֻͨʥԳ͵˾ˣΪЧҲһر
⡭̫ˣԣϲ쳣Ҫ֪ʥ޵ԶǿʥˣұǷһ壬ΪǿȻ֪ͨʥԳΣܵõʮֻʥޣǾԱȵõǧҪá
лޡҶ㼱æվһȴæ㿪ɷˣ
ʩ񣬻㽫ҵȥҶһЦ˵֮ʣͨʥԳǽȼü֮ѩ̿
˿ˡɼæһ񣬡ͨʥԳҰԶǿ֮Уȥǰ֪ؾһҪᡣ
ɴҴҶȥ֮󣬴һȺ޴ʥƺƴؽٰޱϣ֮С
˼ЩͨʥԳ֮޲̾ĸߴ߼ɣȫëͬһ㣬һźɫף֮˲
ǵﶼڳ⣬ſʱ¶ľ޵ɣһ㣬صıֱۡȻɣƽʱֱʱ˫ֻҪ΢΢һ£ָܴ档ָҲ絶ŵ㺮⡣
Ӧǵ⿴ǵΣ֪ʥеޡޡ
ͨʥԳʥԳսڽԳ塣ºʱ˽͡սʿһͨʥԳĲ֮СԲɱΪϷÿһǿޱȵɱɣֻǴѾ࣬һˡ
һ룿ӳһô˵һֻʮֻǲǡ
û˵ȥΪɵġԼ˵ͷǵģѾҪˡ
ǿϧ˲ҡͷ̾
ˡתҶ㣬Ȼܿ˵ǣȫ򵥵ĽǷΪ޼ҳϣʱѾǱȫĺǵָҲĪ˲ӡ
ɣġҶ֣һ񣬡תޡҶȻƴЩѣΪ飬ǹߵʥޡҲػᾡȫһ֧Ѫˡ
սйȥ˵ȴҫҡҡͷǧ򲻿ɽΪ䱦һزã򣬼Υ޵ı⣬ҲǶǵһ裬Ҳܵ˺
ʱӦɵĻһ㣬ͷͨʥԳʱ۴ͨʥԳˣһʱ䣬ǺȻޱǣ˾սҲڹħʿڸӦʥϢ֮仯ǽ
ܵʮͷͨʥ޵ƣҲɶݣǶȾ㵵üһôǿƣʥް
ˡתͨʥԳ˸ƣʮͷͨʥԳʱһǰҶ㹧عӣڵأʾԼǫҳϡ
ɡҶ㻺̧֣һͨʥԳվһվһ㣬ڵסΧ⡣
һսǻʲôĪܲɼ
ѩӰط˹ȥһͨʥԳ֮ȥƴЩߴļһǰֱС۷һ㣬һͨʥԳضͻȻһ͵˹ȥȴޱһһ
ѩӰҲŵòᣬʱ仯ɾ֮ǳɵһͨʥԳ֮ĴС֮һϣȴǲ۲̧ͷͨʥԳȴͨʥԳһʱӿҪ֡
ͣҶ㼱æһָ֣ѩӰ˵ѩӰҵĻ飬ҲǽĻ顣
ͨʥԳѩӰһȻ˵ȫص֮⣬ʱѩӰֿĴ죬ȴǺٺЦָѩӰĲӣһƵЦ
ѩӰߺһָֻƴ󣬷ɻصޱĻͨʥԳǾȵؿţȫСһôܱСֻ
ˣһдҪ죬㲻ˡɳҶһ˹֣ȴҪǡ
Ҷһͷֵܣ֮׵Ļ㲻˵ˡʺãҵл⡣
һһЦɲǼƿռ䣬ֱ뿪˰ޱԶȥʮͷͨʥԳ̧ͷ죬Х
ôҲ£Ī̲סҶ˵ҸоȻ½ʥ֮ǿȴҵ֮£ҲһԱΪ˵õսʱ֮ʣڣǶԿȾ͸һְհ
ĴҪ졣ҶҡҡͷʮͷͨʥԳѾǰǵĴæǲΪǵ£˵¡Գһλޣֻʣһλˣǵ±Ǹ
ˡĪһͷ
ʮͷͨʥԳҲʵһ̫޴ֲѩӰСʥɰԻΪʥԭҰ֮УȴǼİռ䡣ҶȥɴҲסڳУǵټҲһСԺһ㣬ȥ̼ܵɴڰޱһ֮ڲ˼ɽ֣ǰС
ҲǵգͨʥԳһϲ쳣˷ܵòˡͨʥԳֱҶ㹵ͨȴʹҶ֪ǱΪҪʧɣסʥ˵ССܿ࣬û뵽ȻŵȷȻ֮Уʵǳ⡣
Ҷ㲻ЦˣֱӴ˹ȥǷģҵĻ飬ҵѣȻǡ
ʮֻͨʥԳ裬һͬҶٴʩ
һǿʥ޵ļ룬Ҷʵȴٶ׳ЩͨսʿˣʱҲ˼ǿģһʮ㣬ȴٽʥĴ


546 ѹ
ǿպ嫡
嫵ǿУһ֮ͨڣһͬСͱݰĴ󴬣ƶšǴɣ̨ͤ¥һӦȫһƶĴγǳһ㡣
봬¥߲һ֮УһΧһž޴ԲϣһɿԲʾңԶǰһƬǿյͼ
ǰıԵشˡ׵һλ״󽫣̧ͷ˿Լߵλʥߡλսʼôһεս
ûʲôҪ˵İɡֱߣ̷˿۵ʥҡͷ΢ЦһССĽسذˡλҶʥ򣬾У֪
ܵ£ôͣ״΢΢ü
ˣǰĶӣһλؿڵֳľվʮ˲ãֱ߳׷ĳʥߣǰĸǣϵʥеĶǿˣֱλһ˿̷ۣߣǹʥһʥ塰ҡĴǷϵʥеĶǿߡ
ʧڵֵϢʱȼŭŭӵܣҲһǻŭͶҶϡģһҪɨƽССĽأһѩӱܵĳ衣
ˣûпʲôʦ⣬ֱɳԼĶӶľٽԼ֡ɳľ
ǹʥڶķķϵǿߣ︨ľΪһһʧǴסÿǧĴһͬսȴȥ޻ص¡
ԣԼĺѣʥ尽ҵĴԼͬΪ
ΪǣǿΪȴƹһ˲õʥʥǵбܸеס
ʱ΢΢һЦһͺ˵λҶһͨɫ־ϼһҲҪ֮Ҳǳ˴ĿµΪˣ£˽ġ
˵ǡľһͷǲžܴ⡣Ҫ֪СذףҪĻҲһغ
ǰº͵Цţͷ
ȴһĲΪȻ͸һ˿мССһŽʲô£ǰҵӵԼûͣʧСְ֮ˡԼͷ֣ҶĻܱס
Ц
ʥɢԼ磬ΧסһҴʥбоԼӵǿɨƽһǰ谭
˵Լڡ뷨Լö֣ƾŰҼֻ¾ܽССɨƽ
ܽһĲмתԼ죬нܳŮԳԱܽ
һףŶ׺ͼĵŮӣ΢΢һ
ս֮Ϻúñ֣Ҫÿʧ񻺻˵˽Ϊľսʤǲ˽أҪ߾ȫǡ
ǣܽһ
ľ΢΢üＫˣʲôСΪľսʤǱ޷ȡʤƵġ񣬵治ϲܽ
ĿǶ˵ζŵĲ죬ȴתĳֱ
ϾûëСӣ˼΢΢һ֮ʾԼߵӳ˵ûУս֮Ҫ߾ȫȻÿ˳ֽˣǼܶӵ¡
·ġֿЦɭȻЩ˻ʥǣ͵űҵ˺Ƭɣ
һֳ˶Կζ֮Уؽӽһ򣬰ޱǡľһؾŷĿ⣬ͶԲʾͼЦ˵˵ǵˡҾʽǸİ˻ս
ȴס£ΪӪ£ж
Ϊҵϣľº͵̬ȼش˷ǵĻҪȥ͵ϮƽʱҲͰˣѾȶ˶ҵ֮£ȴ޷ǵ棡ֻþ޴潫˷飬ǲ֤ҵϲַ
һİšǵЦţ˵ͷҲԼãԼ̫ЩսսˣԸһССİ˻ʥ򽫾αΣ
һֻССèʹʲôƲƣֱһצץȥˣ
˻ʥţľһǿӲޱȵֱӷ˰ޱ֮СǵϮʥ򰲵֮ӣĿʵ񹲷֮٣գҰֱַȺ֪֮ͽ֪³ʶ࣬ʵ½ٽ׵ͷϣĶȲ
һֱ鰵ޱÿǶȣе鶼Ӧµֻƺյһֲûǻ۵ޣӦаɱ¾֮⣬ҲǾʧ룬ɢӡ
һʱ䣬ޱǷ·Ҫӭĩһ㡣
ǿǵľӦ仯һЦһ֡
ǣӳһͷһͻƿռ˴֮⣬ּ䣬ǧǿսʿߡЩսʿһŷףﵽʮ۷ľ磬׺ʵȴӯǿȻʹЩʮսʿӵǿл
ǵУȴһ˫о޸Щ޸Ȼȫʥһǿ֮зǹ⣬ɢ
ҲȥŰܽһͷһҲ˴⡣ܽǿ֮кʱԼУųһǧⰽսʿЩսʿǷ׻֧ǿ棬ͬʱҲſµĴ󽣣ȴʥֻǷ
ȣǵȻЩսȴΪܽɢһʥֱӴڵһͱڣǱ֮бʱɳֻɵݣȻȴֻʥգ
ֻʥգɢǿޱȵϵǿҲΪ֮𾪣ԵͷҲΪʥ壬ʵʵһ㣬Ȼǿʥգֻ¹ƾֻʥյɨƽССĽ˰ɣ
ɲ֮䣬һô˴ţʱһλλս׵սʿзɳΧǿգȴһųǹսʿǵʵȻûܴﵽʮ۷壬Ҳﵽ˳˽֮ȻȻǾӢӣҲżǿս
ǵģȴʮֳʥʥ׵ʥ󽫾һĿɭȻдŨصɱ⣬һսʥ߾Ӣ
ȸǵɫ֪ǵսкĴɡľؿԲʾļ˵ͬʱһʥȥʱһλ󽫾֮һǧսʿֱŰޱǶȥ
δޱػ֮ǰǴ󽫾͵ؽгһӣһƥ㽣⣬ֱƿ˰ޱϵػʥŰޱǴϴȥͬʱһǧ£ҲԻ賤ǹǧɱл۳˺ǽâŰޱǻȥ
һʥ֮ǧλǿɱǻڴ֮ϣֻܽԲǧ֮ڵһж
Ǵ󽫾ȴʥ̽Ǵʲô
ȴһ˹ȣԲǧȴԱһл
֪֮ǵľıɢʱս͸ˡľһ΢Цһ
ȴ΢΢üΪоһֲϢԼ


547 ǿմս
һʥ߽âǧɱл۵ĺһͻ˰ޱǵػڲ֮ʣһͻȻӿһĵâһΪ֮Ĵȣ͵
һ
þûص˵ĶĤʹսʿǲòֵʹĤѡ
һâ˲λʥ˵ǿâţŵâƿһâƣһâĴ
Ǵƿնһ½â󷽵ɱкֱӷ飡
ǰһİɴ۾ߵİܽ򾪺Цɣ⡭ʲôˣȻǿһлɱк
ǲһˡǰҵĴĿһ䣬ȴѾ͸һâ󡣡λϵʥ߹ͬʹȭɵ˫ȭơȻһзɱкǻҲ
ôģܽ𺳣ʡ
¡ȴһЦóƴ־ˡǷ㾡ԼʥڵһգܷȭƵâڵѾͬķһ㣬Ҷ֣ɳһλսʿҪǵġ
ǹһʱĵӰȴһ԰ޱǷ˳ǿ֮Сĸĺɱĺ⣬סǰľӣ𣬾Ȼ΢Ц
⡭⡭ô£ܽԸӦϵ뷽ǵâһ޶ȻǴ˷˼ĸȣѾĹӣɴ󲻽⡣
ҲɵԲ۾ظӦһȭƴ󷢳˵һ˥˼㣬緲һ㣬ô֮˳ȫӿŷڵ
⡭죬Ҳ˵Ȼˡ
ĸһ֮УľҲɾ
ǶԲʥһ䣬Բϵͼʱ󣬽ǼĴյģչǰüͨԲӦ˵̲סͷǿǿҸоǵѾվ˾۷壬ʥ֮У˱ǵǿˣ
ѹССĽܻܡľһԭİסûйϵҾͲǿԲϷȭƣܶù
£ʱİһ԰ܽ˵ľľӱǴ˷âǱֵĻᣡɲЩӵܿʥ壬ܽǱֵĻᣬǿҲǿǵֻʥգϣ
ǣܽһͷ̧֮һץʱһѪɫĳޡΪǿΪʥѪۡͨѪɫƬ鲼ǿޱȣȴһʥʥѪ۱һӣ÷ʩǧսʿʱ˴󽣣ǰȥ
ֻʥգǷļХ֮ǰȥ
ǧսʿɱǰδеĴѻնһĽâ˲ǧâһµֱײȥ
ʱһӰ԰ޱֱһǰ˳֣Ѿ͵ſڷһȡ
Ǻӵʥ۳һӽ̾ʥһ½һâĴΧ
ˣҶ㣡
ʱǷӽʥűȡ¹ⱦ٣֡϶Ϊһǽâ֮һ±㽫ǴĳͣסΧһâٵط顢
âʵ̫࣬һȴøΪǿգȻâĳ࣬ʣµĽâǳ֮Ҷ
Ҷ㵭һЦ̧֮䣬һֻȭǿղƣȭӿǿҵĹƣһֻȭϲ֮ޱơȭȺһճȭһȭ
ȭ֮ݻǿȭƣŹȡȺײǽâ֮ϡʱǿµĴٵ߽⣬ȭȫ顣
ǿܽٴξ˭
ԣȴɴ۾Ҹղûɣ֮ǰĲǷôʹȭǷϵϵ
ĿͽǺͽ⣬ȴ飬ҪԼѪ֤Լ޴ǺãҶĳȫǣ
УҶֱǰƬ̼ײ˰սʿĶ֮СĴҲ֮һֱı⵶ݺݴС
ҵսʿҲ˵ãۼҶ㷽չֳȻηŻӽҶӭ˹
һӴǱԼжСˡ
ҶȭݺǼĴյĵâһʱ䣬Ҿ֮Ѫɣҽ֮ڶðֻܽëֱð۲ѡ
ǿǰҵľӢսŰ
ס֣ɲǼ䣬ܽعսʿĲҽȻһʱо˾壬űǿŭǰȥеʥѪ͵һɲ֮䣬һѪɫĺâӶһѪɫһ·ǰս֮С
ȥ̵ģǼĴǿɲаۼѪɫ˹һӭȥ˫ȭһ͵ǰҳһǡһ
һײϣȴ·ն˾֮һ㣬ֻѪɫ΢΢һ£ʱϵײɢſµĴڣֱҧ˹δȴ̵ۡ
˭ҲûϵʥѪ۱޾Ȼǿһʱȴ˭Ҳûʱ־Ԯ
ۿҪճ֮ʣǿ֮ͻȻƿһڣһ֧ɫĴһǿռѿ֮ݺݵײѪɫѪɫҵһ𣬾ȻѺۣ߽ļ
ɲ֮䣬һǴ󴬲һŻϷӶֻǰԵ˴ȴ޾ɫּ򰵼Լ֮ݻһֱӷȥǡˡѪɫһ
򰵼򰵼߾ٹͷ૵ʲôƬ֮䣬򰵼ϱһâһϽĻ֮ͨ򰵼֮ϡ
˵һ֮ʣ򰵼ʱ˲ٵɫܣջ˰ʮɳܾͬһٿȻֱӳɢڴΧĹսʿС
ЩܾһǷǳʮ۷սʿҲȫ޷ֵסһײ˲սʿЩֱܾײ÷飬ˣս
ʲô֮еĶľɷһ۾ɵùԲ
ãȴһüҲʱԴƿն⣬֮䣬һ޶Щսʿɣʱ赲סܾĹơ
ϧЩ޶ܣ̾˿򰵼ܵشˣ޸޷ֵЩʲô类ײˣ
ʦǣְɣʱһʱԴһ¥֮УʮӰԡЩȫǰʥȴǷϵʥߡ
ʱǻ̧ЩµķǵӿۿҪݻһµķ
ʱ˸ͻȻԴһ֮ƿնʮȫľӢսʿɱĹâ˸ָ֮¾еʱһڹͬһֱЩϵʥ߶
ͻļ꣬ǳʱֻҡͷһЦɲǼ㾪ֵصԲ۾ΪѾӦٶսʿϴľȻʥףõģȻҲʥ֮壡
Щʥǿ󣬷ĺڹ⾹ȻҲʥ֮ȴʥɵĹ⣬ʥ֮
ǵһµĻգ֮䣬ԼʮλϵʥߣͶҪ⣡


548 壿
еķϵʥߣƴѾۺõķɹתΪԣųһ޶ֵܵǿµܼʱҶѾĴյİ֮£ֱӴǧ˵Ĺսʿ͵žǴ󷽵İսӳȥ
۾е㷢죬ܻغšܽʱҵסҪʹʥ˲ɱ
˵ţһâһӨˮϡ
ˮɢһ峺ϢһУоһ΢΢ۣʼ֮
첨Դ㣬ǿҵĵ˻ɱɣ
߲ϻܽ͵Ҷȥ
ǧ˴ҶֻǵһЦͻȻ仳а׹һȴǰƴѩӰӶһ˴֮С
δɾ޴ǣֻССЩҵľӢսʿûʲôǰѾײѣǶϽۣһҽѪ
סСܽţеʥѪ۱ޣԶս֮һѪɫͻȻһѪɻرУٴݻһѪɫҶȥ
ͬʱҵսʿʮһ۳ΣеĴ󽣣âһѩӰȥҪС
ѩӰһʱ仯ɶ೤ǣХ׵ײһâͬɴʮսʿҲһ·ײײ﷭ɣֱӷˡ
ܽ˫ͨ죬͵ѩӰȥӱѩӰݺݳ
ʱһɫĹâȴͻȻԹսһС𣬽ţһһ·䵽ǰȴһ˿׵ĺ㡣һ֣㷢һĵĳХһ̧֣ʮâ䣬ݺײʥѪ۱ϡ
Ǳǿƣʱâ飬ţ׵ؽǱץУ͵һܽӱʱܿƵź˹
ۿźһָֻһɭȻ⣬ܽһٹ˲࣬æɿ֣κһ½ʥѪ۱޶ȥԼƴȥ
һâҲûԺֱָȥ
ϵʥʥȻԽԶ̹ͬʥ˵ȴǲֵһᡣȻҲ⣬һâͨսʿ˵جΣڰܽ˵ȴʲôȭһȭ㽫֮ƿԼ󷽿ٷȥص˰ߡ
ɱǼһָź㣬԰˵Ϊǿ󣡡
Ŀһתʱס˺㡣ʱѩӰһϷһڰս֮ݺᣬÿһΣλսʿǷǣˣð޺ҧ
һת㽫еġ첨׼˺㡣
ʱҶ㿴һĻüͷһ壬ʱųһʥʥҫ۵ĵâһ֣ɸߵľ޴ģֱײλҾӢһȭ˷ǡ
ʲôŵһ£Щûˮġ첨ˤȥ
ʥľ޴ݺἤţмսʿ̲סǵĵ̫Сµʥʵ̫ǿ
ƺˡֱǶʥչݡ
ٲԥѾӦʥʵһǣߵľżľżģҶ㡣һתˮ첨ֱӶ׼Ҷ㣬˲һԲεˮͼ
ͼֱаɣһڶ𣬱һֱҶʥȴʹҶ޿ɱܣ޿ɶ㡣
ҶʥͬϰλսʿҲͼ֡ͼȻʶѣɲǼˮһȻϰλսʿֱӵ⡣
Ҳͬʱͼ͵תݻˮ͵һ㼤ת𣬻һˮľҶʥһС
ɱɱţļһɱɣҲҰӢ۵
ʱһȴˮ֮𣬽ţˮȻһ󶴣·дһŻһ㣬һӰֱзŰ
ȴҶ㣡
ôܣ񷢳һһʱ侹Ȼ˷ֵ
СģܽΪĻʱҲǰ˰ǰʱѾûǿʥֻ֮һҧһֱҶȥ̧֮䣬ȭϲʻ뾣һ磬Ҷһȭȥ
һʱ䣬ǿ֮ɢ·һ޴Ļ԰Ǵаʻȭƣ˲佫ҶΧ
Ҷ㵭һЦֻһȭʱ÷飬ȭӵɲǣܽһƺߣֱȥ
֮УȴһѪɢ
ֻһȭҶ㽫ⰽҾӢˡ
֧Ԯʱ˰εĶľ֪ʱرҶɱסҪȥɱҶȥ·
ʱǵˮȫʧΪս̫ңȴû˷ˮǱһɫԲȫյˡ
ԲССһţһصҶԣħϣۡ
ǧһе˫о޸ȴȫʥɵڿصָ֮£һ½ҶΧ
ҵֻʥգǳ˹ȥ֧ԮţԿǰʱȴҲתֱҶ
ڣ˶Ѿ֪ǰµǿߣһ漣ǴҪɱĿꡪҶ㡣ǶҶ㣬һ߾֮̾ǿһߺ޺ҧ޲һ½˺顣
ʱһЦȴԺ󷽴ţԹսһߣͻȻɱһս·ϷҲһ
ȴޱĪܡ˸ۡͭٺ״ŵǧ˾
ʱǧһǧѾսʿһȫװ׺ս˵ǿλ쵼߷ֳɱеֱӹսĹţеҶߵսһǧеľĪܺ˸Ĵ֮£ֱŹսչ˹ơ
ˣս֮ڣľһܻ֮ؽ־쵰ƭǣʲôССأǰ˻ʥ͢ʼҽ֮أһ壬һ尡
ţͻȻֶԲϣʱԲϱӿһǿҹսҲӿһʥͻȻ۳һ֧֧йսȥ
ʲôĪܴЦսȻֻһ֮ǹҪǴռ䣬սȴĳ
ǵЩС˸Цţһż˹ȥЩʥ֮ϣֻһСС𶯣ʱײ÷飬˸ȴǺ
ۼˣһǧ˾۷ž⣬໺ų˹ȥ
ľţĩսٵĿ־塣
ʱһ֧ȴʮֻͨʥԳǵĳ֣ʹսȫһߵơʮֻǿʥԳ徫Ӣ﷢Х͵һ³ɱаͷֱӷֻʥգԳֶԸһֻʥչֳʥ޵ķ㱻ȭ֧飡
ˣһĻò³һѪ
սȫһս⡰սȴǶԹսʿԣҶһ˵һжɵؽţȷֹʱõĸְ𣬶ԵչҵĽ


549 첨
ǣǰսӢеʥ˫о޸ҡ
û뵽һССİ˻ʥ򽫾ʱȴĴۣ
ЩµͨʥԳֱͺרɱ¾ĵħǼХ˺ֻʥ֮󣬱ʱ˺֡Щʵķǰֱֽһ㣬ԾǿԳȭݺݻǵףͬʱǵ壬ǿµʥ޸ȴСͯһСǷ
Уߵ׳Ҳ˳ңվֱӽܼͨʥԳǵϥǣͨʥԳ˵һȺСżˣֱһɨʱһƬ
µǣЩͨʥԳʥһǿ֮⣬ȴŷ֮Ǵʱ͵һſڣһҺ壬ʱǿзһ֮ǹֱԶ
ͨʥԳϲƣҲԼƣƱСơƽʱȣЩƴθУθҺϣؼʱʥ⡰ǹ䴩͸ǿΪʥԳθҺںϣԻпµĸʴ֮Щմһ㣬Ƭ̼ҲҪմһ
˵ֱлжˡ
ת֮䣬ǿĽ
ҹսʿǼۡ࣬λߣղľսǴܶʧأȱȻŭľĶӣеҪΣܷҲء
ͬһӡ
ˣвĵ
Щµʥ꣬ʮϵʥƴֵԼ͵һ·ɳսţ̧֮սʥһǽϲۣһǹ⣬һ·
âʿ֮ţһķȫʹ˳ǹĴ󳱡Ǵӿǰһ½еǵϻһǹ֯ɵס
ǵĹâɢž޴ʹһλλսʿ壬ǿеľ޴һءʵսʿһзų׺Ĺ⣬Ӱ죬ֻԼѾ޵Уʥ޸նɱκǿС
ǳͨʥԳʱǵäĿԴʱսᡣ
һֻͨʥԳһȭһսʿϣȻûͻǹ׵ķֻǽơԶͨʥԳ֪⡰ǹˣ͵طХ֮Ǳ˴ڽһ㣬ʹȭʱ
һȭȥ㴩ǷǹҲҪʱ飡
ҵ죡ǲɾ
ʲô֮ǰЩͨʥԳûʹȫֻ뺢ͯϷȭʱǲ
һ棬ʱȷѪꡣ
ƴˣƴˣۣ֮ǺݺҧأŽʣȫееĳ֮ϣ͵ǰһӣһɵĴʱͨʥԳֹȥǴ󵱿˸еͼϽޱȵı仯˲䣬ѿȴǻĿռѺۣһֻֻͨʥԳӶȥ
ЩѺۣſµĻ֮ǱӹֻʱҪԼĿռһֱӱѡ
ۼͨʥԳΣҶʱһеسɱܸӦЩռѺ۵Ŀ£ǾиһеУֻûκһֶԵסǣʥǿʥҲУ
Ҳ˲ӿһ˿򣬹ȥЩħеħĴٴγСԼ׽һ˿󷨵İ֮пٵšݻšڣһݳзһ⣬ʥ˲仯ɷɢ⡣
̧֮䣬һģһ̫Ĺ֮ȴһħģһͬİַ֮൱һȴаٵ֮ࡣ
һУ󣡡
һУҶ㽫ǰƳǹ밵ʱǰͨʥԳǵǰһӭЩռѺۡ
˲䣬ÿһ֮һ֮ײһ𣬶һײ֮£밵ʱһڼҵĳͻ֮кȻը·һĽЩռѺۺ𣬾ڷΧ֮ڵĽսʿҲһ⣬ֱӱƬ
ʲôǵɴ۾ʧ
֮ۿķܵľɱȻֱӺƣ

󡱵ǿҶҲûϵڷһ֮ȴʱӦʥ֮˥ͬųħٴһ㡣˷ȻǿȴҲʥܽʹá
ʱս֮Ҳ˲࣬Ҷַ̧ųһħٴʱ˾ص֮У˴˲ܼˣԼһЩص֮κݺ۳ңϻɱо
ʱޱʥҲչһֱӷȥϰصвýѵĹսʿһȫɱ
⻹꣬ʥޱָ֮£ڸص֮طӣײ֮£սʿжϣľ
ˣˣҳһŵľ󣬰ŽŽ˫۷졪Ϊŷ߿Ļ𣬶ΪѪ˿Ѿۡţ͵ؾ첨һʥʥϧشǿµʥ֮С
ɣܽΪ밽رһͬһص֮Уʱۼ˾٣ʱС
˲ˣ˵ɣ
һȫһ¶ӿ첨֮Уʥʱڶ͵һ»ַԲһˮһ֣ʱɢޱߵˮҶħٴҲӲػơ
ûᣡսһһص֮еĶľʱǰһҲ˲࣬ʱйսʿٳôع鴬ڣǳˣ
ˣóˣΪһʵû취ٴȥһСսʥ͢ս
⡭ʲôŹսȻ֮ȴ÷ζҪըˡ
ԷķƣǴõĻᰡŽһμ˶ľôܾͳˣǵû̫ģԷʵѾֻڴˣʱѾչ첨ǷĴʱ
࣡ľҲˣûԷʵʮֻǿޱȵʥޣǧȫʥˣд˵еʥ޺ԶʥʥټЩǿʥߣٶսʿҲûãٲߣǱҪԶˣ
첨ɱ
ִʱ򣬰ȴųһĶǵĹâǹâһ䣬Ÿ߾˫ۣʱǾ޴ˮʱȻѣȴһµˮ֮󳱡
Щ󳱼ݣγһɹɳԻľˣ˲佫˶С
Ŵ󳱵ĳ֣ϵҲȫʧһȥܽæһ½ס
ãӦʥɢĿҶĿҲһһеһöʥһԲ֮ϣ޴ʥʱУԲ͵һɢİһ½Ҷһ˶С
ǰӿ仯Ȼѳǧ֮࣬ҶһˡʥޣǰɫУ򻯳һֱ֣ЩĴץȥÿһɴˡÿһƬˮֻҪһӽǴ֣ʱֱաɡ
ʱķ϶ҶһȫвȥˮעԼ
ȴǲֵңڹҶһʱȴҲûŹЩսʿ˾ߣһʱͱʳ΢ϵķʥҲ⣡


550 Ͷ
һʱ䣬ŭ֮ݵľǶľͷǡ
밽Ǹʲôģǰɱ˵ġ
أһûԼȴɱһһѣ
쵰𣿡Ǵš
Ņ̀ͷǣ·𼴽ȥǡҲû뵽첨ȻǲԿ
ǵɫˡ
ҶҲü
̫˷ˣҡͷЩҵ⣬Щô̫˷ˣС
һҡͷһһöʥȻ͵ؽʥɢе֮СʱЩ·Ǳľ޹֣ͻȻ֡˺Щˮ
ƬƬˮôֱӱ˺ٱɡɡǴӿ֮бԽԽ١ԽԽȫʧ
Ҷо֮ݣȴ·һԶ˱ŵĳԻһ㣬ЩסˡһЦֱӽ֮ջ֮УԼЩˮ֮
ʱһ޴ˮԳٵ˰ƴСɻص˰ǰȻѾջأǰֳܽһʥʹãǿ磬첨
һڹսʿ첨Ѿ˴ʱһΪ̡Ҷǣ΢΢һЦһ֣ȴִ콫ʿǷ˹
ľˣȫˡ
ѾľҲѾս˵ˣʣµȫڱҶǿѹŴȥȫֻ¡
ǧ˾˸ĴѾȫͻ˹սķֱɱս֮У¥Χ˸ʮ˾Ĵӵ֮£ֱӳĴ֮Уǰ˶ľǰ
ľ˸ûеֿ֪˸Ȼǿ󣬵ȴԲԼĶ֣˸ʮ˾еȴȫһּԼ
Ͷ˵
ʲô˸װû
Ͷľš
Ŷ˸˵ͷתͷЩ˾λ˵ʲô𣿡
˵Ͷһ˾Ӧ
Ͷ˸ЦˣǿǻӭΪ˱ʾĳ⣬ǽЩõϰɡ
˵ţȡСɵĸֲ棬ǸֲСһʥȴһС͵ʥ
˵ʥʵҲûУֻܳʥѡֲָʥ˼ͬߵһСߣ緲еļʹ֮ʱֻҪ߽ʥУ뱻ϼҪȫձߵ
ľɫˣ˸һƲ죺ʲôͶһҲûУȻթҪƭҪԴٰ֮ҡɴ⬣
ľһʱɢȥȴͬʱеĹսʿ˷ֿҶ㽫Ͷ
һɢȥսʿȻ֮࣬ȴͻȻȫɡ̫ˣŰŻϲսڿԽˡ
ӦһҶʱɢʥ֣ͣ翹߿ԻɱеͶߣһɲټ˺
нֹƬ̼䣬Ҷˡʥڣ֣ͣ㹻ľ裬Щ˻
֤ҵĳ𣿡ľ˸˵
һӦôðɡ˸Ҷ㴫ȥһ
Ҷʱǰһ½뵽Ǵ֮УǰŶľһЦںƣû´ĻӦֵܰɣ
ǰĶӡľҶ㣬뵽λ˷չֳ̲סһ£ҪǿӲĿҲ
ôƺҶЦʡ
ľ
˵̴ء˸ûûεЦľľľͷֽӲֳٶۣɶ£
ʮ˾ҲɸЦЦ춯أľɫѿ˼㡣
ǡҶ㣬˵ܲɱ²ɣҶҵľӣҸĸ໹ҵĵܵܶΪʣǸ̸УһڸǰԣһӦģһģ
̸УҶЦѾһܱ˵ĻضӵĻᣬȻûϧһַǳòķʽӦҵҵܲãΪһսȻʤʤĴҲСսһģһսĵ฻ҩģʧӦ˭е
ľһ󷭰ۣ룺ҩණжܣ
Ȼô˵ֻһֱͷǡǡǣûòԣ뿴زûġʵԵʧϣԭǵĹԸ⳥ֻҪһж˵
ôгķϡҶһЦͻȻһһʥһ½ľʥ΢΢һ𶯣ľовŵô
Ҷɱң
Ҳɱ㡣Ҷ㻺˵ҲߡҶʥˣʥ¶˵ѣֻǾ̫Զʱĵʥѡǲںһʥĵġ±ҵ֮Уú밲ɣҲʥ
㲻ľе֮ͶҪҵɣңһͶʲô
ҶЦˣΪ㺦
ľһ𣬻˵ЩʲôҶȴѾתȥ˸һ򵥵Ѻذޱǵ֮У˲ܸ֮⣬һ֮Դ
ǣ˸ٺһЦŶľȥ
ս֮⣬ҶĲҲսŹսʿǵһסǹ󵶡ʥ󸫣һԹսʿǵ뿪Ŀע£սǵ
һսջǲ٣ʥ˫д󸫣ջ˾Űٶǧ෨ǹ߰ٶҴ󽣣ͽǧ׵ķס
Ҫģǻɻһҹս
ִ͵ս˻ʥǰӵйȴֻʣһҶѣȻǹʥʹáҶõôһң˵սΣѾȫʥᲢˡ
һʾ޴ޱȵĲƸһ˶ۺ첻ѡ
²Ҳǲ٣ҪǰؿľǣҴӳܽʮλǿͷϵʥߣԼλ󽫾
ԭʮ󽫾һս߹룬ľޱ֮࣬Ҳ֪ӦζԼˡ
սʿǵˣǾ͸öľԶԣ̲סԼɴɱˣȻŻصߣֻҲҪ
ȻѾľʮϵʥߵķȴأΪ˰ȫҶÿ˶һʥȻʮ⣬ʥǿҲһ˭Ҳûա
Щȫؽ˵֮ҶûĪܻ㱨սҲûҪľ簲ǽǹս֮Уʥ֪ϸ۲졣
ڹսһֿУҶطʮսЩսΪΣ̬ȻϲʵԼսȴǿ
ôһʥʥʦǿءޱҶڴһ߻ܣһ̲ס˵
һ֮Ҷ˵ңһҲ޷Ƴľ޴ñ֣ҲԳɹǿҪʮʱҲ˵
һҾ͹ˣαƣޱæ˵
ǰҶЦˡʵҵ˼ǣ⴬ȷʵףҪϰλʦһƳɡ
磬㿴ʲôޱͻȻһָǰһֵŻźŲͬϵĿռǿ󡣡
ƺǿռţҶ۾һʱ첽ǰ


551 ռ
ȷʵǿռţֱֿͨңԶǿĿռšһλϵʥߵͿԴ򿪣͵ḷ̌ܶҶһ£ǴӴⴱ¥ֱӵǴ¥õĶѡ
ֶʲôãޱһķѽ⡣
ӦǸսʿʹõġҶ˵ûоҴʥʥֻ֮УʥߵҲҪƣ˵Щսʿˡֻ緲һ㱼߶ԲҪֿռţʹٶɳĴ֮Уܹƶ
Ǿãеݳˡޱ˵
ⲻݳޡһȻҪֿռţȴԲý¥̨֮ͨȴǸʡʱʡҶ˵
ԭˡޱͷ
û뵽ϾȻֶҶһЦҪúоһ¿ռŵĹ죬ʥ߾һҴҪлǡ
ռŻộ𣿡ޱʡ
̲⣬ŻĹ졢ͨĹתЩ⡣Ҷ˵֮ܽоף㲻ֱܽʥĿռŻյļ֮佨ռŻɷࡣ
ţȷʵáޱЦˣȻ絽ޱҪȥ칤ʵ̫ʱˡ
Ҷſռţʥ۲Ҵ󴬣ɸ̾ޱֱ֣Ƶ֮⣬ص˰ޱǵĵУѺŷǵĵط
ʱķǣʥţޱȵؿڴͷҶ㵽εսʿʱ񣬶۾µĽ
ࣿҶ㻺ǰųʥʱϢ仯դʡ
¡ǣǰĸࡣЩѵػش
˶һսοҶʡ
ǺǡǼѵһЦ۾˵κ󣬲ų̾һǰ˻ʥ͢ĻǣΪʲô
˻ʥ͢ޱЦˣ˵ˣΪǰ˻ʥ͢ս𣿴ˣֻΪԱòӭЩ˶ѡ
һ۾Ҷ㣬һߣƱˣЩǿߣһʵǿÿ£ʮֻʥޣҴʱȻʥԳнڽԳͨʥԳʥޣȫȫʥսʿҶͲҪϷŪ֮ˣ翴ǰ˻ʥ͢ľ񣡡
ʱսʿȴ̲סЦˡ
ЦʲôǸоԷЦǴ̶ߺߵʡ
սʿûҶ˵ֻǿЦһһ
Ц޴ޱ˵ʵ˵ɣһһνģʥ͢ϵҲûСģʥ͢ӣǡҶҾ
ҶҾһ
ҶҲһ漴Цʲô֡
ǵľܵиƺŰޱ˵ӱͲʥ͢ˣսʿؽǵģɵʲôӣʲôӣǲǾˣҲǵ顣˰ǵġˣҲǣǽܳΪʿء
˵ţսʿʣ˵ĶԲԣ
ԣսʿһͷ𡣡ҶЯҵֻųСսݺ޵У
ʲôЦؿЩͦεսʿġ
㣬˻ʥмޱЦʷǡ
ȻĹ˽֪ġǻش𡣡ʥ͢ࡢʥлüҡ
Ҹ㣬󽫱ޱ޽˵ΪҶҾܿҪˡˣڲõĽĹɣΪһҪģ
Ǵ˸¡
Ҷ㿴ûж˵ʲôָֻһʱһöССĵҩȥڷǰĴϡ
ʥһöֻ֮һСһСš
⡭ɻؿǵҩֻǵҩСȴɢĪһ;Ƿ
һֿԲʥĵҩҶ˵ҷߡ
ʲôԼˣҶ㡣
԰ɡҶһЦҲѰġ˵һ½ʥ˻ʾսʿš
㡭ʲôľʡ
ֻȥԸ߰﷢ʲôԵҶҾһ֧顣Ҷ㻺˵ðסԵĲһСɫһҷǿߡҪΪлΪѣĺܷȻȨơսһʹ£˫ûǻɸΪ񲯡ҵҪ󲢲ߣʮʥʦֲϡ
˵ָһ㾧ȥڷǵǰ
ȴʥѵõֺĲϡ֮ʱҶһС֣Ǵ㽫Ѱԭ֮ʱԶԱȡȡССһ飬˷ǣҲֻǴ˳֮ġһԭϣͷУԼ׬ˣһûУҲûʲôʧ
ɻؿֲϣֿ˿ǵҩ˰κ󣬲ڹҩȥɲ֮䣬о͸㵵Ĺ⣬̧ͷҶ㣺ʲôҩ
޿ɷ档ҶһЦ
Ȼ˲ͲɵķǾ̾վӿʥ˵ϢҲˡ
硣Ҷ㿴ŷǣ˵
ǺԥˡҲûʲôöҶ֮УҲزʲôɴһ㣬Եˬ첻
ҶȴҲûеĶһ˦֣һսѾԼзɳ˷ǵ硣
;һݵĺáҶһЦ
ܷһս̽ʡᳵ󳵣ʱȻǼõģԵüΪƣԶ·ǵսȽʵá
ˣҲһҲ᲻áҶһЦ
ˣЩսڶҶսƷһ͵ʮҶôٷָԼһͷһ֣Ҷ֮⣬ȻǼĺ¡ʵүҲΪӹȥɱϮ֪ҶʵүȻжᣬ뽫ġ
ֻҪүк֮⣬λºǧսʿҶԷҶ˵үһҪѪսףҶĳҲʱ㡣
ǡǣǼæͷ
֪үǵˡҶ˵Ҫѡ˭ѣҪá
סףǽŵͷ
ɡҶһЦ
лҶǼæ˵ûչ˺λӵ£һо죡
˵ţһ֣ƿռȥ
Ҷʱŷ뿪˳ȥޱǵսʿǱ뿪򣬳սȥ
ʵؽǵ𣿡ޱʡ
ɵӣúҶ˵˽ֻͨͨ򣬶ͨ·ҽضϣǱֻ磬ȴ޷ʵ˵к壿෴ռݴ˵أȴʱڹ࣬ŰȨ֮£ѡǺǴࡣ
Ҳʲôôޱ˵һΪУ´أûкôƾʲôǺ
Ҳ̸ǺǻðˡҶһЦҪǵԴʦ
ĿתΪ䣬˵ֻǴͬһ˼ʥ֮λκ˵ĪջҲλ졣һգҪǿõλӡ
ˡޱ۾һǵʱİ
Χ򣬶Ƕ⡣Ҷ˵ǵԽңǾԽ


552 
ռŻоڰµʱڱͻơ
ʵֿռŻԭӣʥ˵ʲôؼףõѡδʶֿռĹ֮ǰκһλʥͷֻҲ벻ʵؼʶ֮ȴҡͷЦԭ򵥡
緲˱Ϸδ֮ǰǻ۹˵ߣҲ²оһ㣬ʱЦԭ򵥡
˵Ҳļ򵥣Ҷ֮ŹھȺۣڰڱȫ͸
ðʱ䣬Լռ㹻ԭϣִ˼ĿռŻȴһٳɹԼĴ󷲼м佨ܿͨеĿռͨ
Щɻʥ뷨ҶĪܵսսʿǵĹͶȥսʿȻǻ衣ʥǺöҲܶһͶһû˻᲻ϲ
һս֮սʿǵĴǵһᵽսǿˣԼȴԶ˵ս֣ҲǶҶ뾴УֻҪҶڣҶҾ޵µġ
һ죬սʿڽճĲһʥȴ˰ޱǣҶ¹ʥ򰲵ǣ
ǵĿռŽҶֻص֮ܲ򣬶ޱǽʱ˽ӵǵӦ֮󣬽֮ڣ֪ͨҶ㡣úҶޱǻʳ֮С
ٵؿһҶֱָ⣺ү˼
ʮʥʦʵǴֱЩЦ˵֮ôòΪʥʦԭҶ£Ϊүʵڵôʥʦͨһ£ʮô
ʱһü˵˶ʮʮĻֻܻһӻȥѡɣǶľǶڣ
գȱաǼæ֣λǿʥʦֲͨϵʥߣһץץһѣҶԼ˵ټһ˻ʥ֮Умλʥʦ
ΪǵʥûˡҶ㵭˵
εЦЦҶ⵹ʵ顣ʥʦһϡ˲ţǰ첻үбŽһЦɵġ
ŶȤʲô񣿡
ΪʥڷһѰɣЦ˵ЩƾԼʥȻϼѣҶʱ㣬ʥڵĸĵرֻ²֮󣬾һһػʥʱҶֽ׳
Ҷ㲻һȷʵ˼ҹ¡
صۼףȴʥ͢ɷ°æҲԣһٶ鷳ҶҲò˼ղǳ֮ơ
Ҿˣһᱻʥ͢ٻȥʱǷٷɵԼߣȴδ֪֮һ˵˵̫ĻֻҲãҲãû취غʥ͢ԣӲɵߡ
Խ׳ֻ´Ĺ˼ҲԽ࣬ʱôʥֻ͢¾ҪʼѹԼˡ
ʲô˼ȴɫʵ
үҴһǹص˵ⱦ˲ðǿʥսʱʦƳʥ¼ֻֻʣһˡ
ʲô̲סʡ
ٻ֮š΢Ц˵
ʲôҲ̲סʡ
ʥսҵʱ򶼼ȱ˲ţΪܼʱսǿƳٻ֮š˵ٻ֮ţλڸʥ֮У޴˫ٻκһ½ʥߡСٻ֮ޣֻһһ壬һǿߣôһ˷Խ֮ʱŻ֮ءˣսо֮ҲʱӾӳԱս
ЦЦҶ˵ңŻһôǱֽ֮Ը죬ԽҲʱԼߣʹʥӳ֣ܽʥ򡣡
Ҷ۾ʱǲɵشЦȻҪԶ򣬵ڵ˴־ֻҪһƾ·һԣȴ԰쵽ҶΪţõ֮ȻԴӸĽʹܽԼѴߣĺ£
֪ʥսʱڵӢۣ˻ʥʥ£ǼʦüҵĻñµѡҶ㵭һЦȻһ֮ԿֻҲΪɣ
⡭¶֮ɫ漴һЦðɣǴŷ㣬Щֵܵʮʥʦ˰ɣ
˵һ֣磬ȴűâֵľʯ˳
ҶĿⲻɱüΪңΪʥȥӦѾʥĵԭϣ֮࣬ȴ㹻ٶöʥ
Դˮʥʯ԰ɣǼҶ仯Ц
ԡҶ㻺ͷûмҪ
һٻ֮šһ˵һ߽һߴľӨŻȡ˳Ҷǰ
ŻͬˮƳɣŵâͲ㾫£ԴȻ߰עеʵϡ
Ҳѹ֣ս֮ʱʹõĶȻ˿׷ۡ
Щʮʥʦܹүĳ˰ɣЦ˵ˣүһʮ׵šЩȻڳϣʮʥʦ֮ҲѾǾտ˲õŵӣ˵ҲһȺʥʦ
үǹءҶ㵭һЦ񣬲֪ҪҶĳλر
Ц漴ɫ֣˵Ҷ˵үҶѣʱֻȴʹ˴˶ڸԵںɨǿУΪһȥүΪǸѣڿȴԶҶ
΢ᣬֻҪүϣˡҶ㲻ɫ˵
Ҷʱĵλȷʵߣ˵˿ҶĲº󻹸˵ҶᡯǴ˿浱𡮿ԴĿˡˡ
˱˴˶ӣһЦ
ʮλʥʦأʱȲʡ
Ȼڰޱ֮ԶȺ򡣡˵Ȼôʥһ𲻱Ҫᡣ
ܵҶһͷô뽫ǻ˴ɡ
áһͷʱһ֮󣬱ʥ󿪷Űޱػ֮ʱԸЩʥ˹֮С
Щʥ߶ᣬһдһְóԷʥߣʥʥӵܡڷʱﵽһ۷ĶǿߣߵĴڣʥ˫ĸоһʱûбĥȻаȴʥӵܣСԼǿʥߣĿƽ͡
ҲˣýˣǱҲûʲôִΪЩ˵һʥ򲢲ҪҪܲл÷ˮ
һڷǵָ£Ҷ㣬׷Ҷʩ񡣴ʩһϣҲԿǽʥʱ仹á
ÿ˶ʮӣԼϢڷǵҪ£ǽӻҲҶ㡣
ţǽҪúΪҶЧ˵ҶүҶĽ飬ǿɵóԲ˶ߣ
ǡʮµصͷӦʮֲ룬Ҷ֮УҲôһ˿˿벻м
ǵ뷨Լ֮ӣҲֻһʸʹԼһССĽ
Ƕǲ󿴵ġ


553 ֮
ʱǿҶ㣬ȴʹ˸ɫƺʲô֮ҪҶ̸
ȥϤһΧĻٴʯǱ߽Ҷһͷ˵
סҲ⼸ѱһ˵㻨˼ʱһ뿪˹
һߣֻʣҶͷ֮ʱʱչһʥ˴Ȼ˵Ҷһ£Ҫ֪
һǴ¡Ҷ㿴۾һЦ
ǻͷ˵ԲסҶ±֮үһʼŭޱȣСĽ͸¶һ˿֪үͣүУ֪֮󣬱˽˾ӣҪأΪƻүпܽ˽ҲΪλ½вǣүҶүҲ޷ֹ
΢΢һЦƾҶʵĶҲˣһ㣬үͦĵġ
ô˵ҪһսˣҶ㿴΢΢ü
Ҳû취¡Ǽæ˵
ǻǿżɽɡҶ˵үΪҲҪҽˡһס˴֮ͨǴҲϼ޻֮үҲ˴ı뻢ıƤһһܵõôǸˣҪ׳ԼүԸһѣ԰ɣ
ǺٺЦˡ
ǿϲȽϺáҶ˵ε¿үй¶λеİɣ
ǵɫ΢΢е仯
಻̫⡣ҶһЦЩҶĳöˡ
ǾҶɡЦ
ȻҲʡ͵ĵơԼҶսһʧ޴ʵȴһҶѵȥԼСһȴҶڰæˡ
ԡҶͷҼȻĺôΪЩµҲʲôϣ½ҪУҵתΪ顣
ᣬԲᣡǼæҡͷĵĳŵٲҶ㡣
Ҷ㽫ٻ֮ҲʥĵԭϡԴˮʥʯպãʣֲϣкܶ𣿡
ôܺܶࣿҡͷЦʥʯ˵Դˮʥ۳ɵıܲɼƴһƬòء
үܳڹӦԭϣҵΪү켸¡Ҷ㵭һЦ
һȥתүǵͷȻװʣ֪ҶԭǴʲôʥأ
Ҳû̫áҶ˵ֻʦ˵ԭʮ֮ʱ룬ضʥɡ
ҪԴˮǿɲءЦˡǵʦͨҪʮһȻʱ䣬ƴһƬʥ£ΣּѣȴҪòʱ䡣Ҷʮλʦ£ȴҪСĿǣǵǺǣ̫㣬ûԴˮʥʯͲͬˣ˵̫ѡ
Ҷ㿴һЦ翴ˡû̫ྭˣֻү᲻øҰɣ
εؿҶ㣬Цúǿ
£үΰңҶʡ
Ҽһ¶λ¡ǵ˵үҪλºͰһ챻²ЩƵС
ðҶ㻺ͷһ䣬Ѿ˵֮УֱӽֵܣԼ񡢰ܽϣ»صС
ֵܼ࣡˷ǣʱؽ
ҶҲ⣬һ̧֣ϵʥʱȫɣһŭҶ㣬Ҫȴľһס
λ£ܿˡǼæʩһ
ܿˣҾˣܲʹغһ֣ǿϲæģȴۣܵ
ϵܷġǺǺЦţүҲģȻȫְҡλ˴Ǵ˺ϢġүѾҶΪѣѹϵҾһˡ
ʲô˶һȻû뵽λ߰үȻԸһλССĽƽƽѡ
ǷǸĻ֮ƣľŵӣǴȥһȴûӦҡҡͷֱӿڣ£үҶύҶȻְеͣʵҲˣԳΪ˻ʥеﲻύȴ֮ΪУʵǲǡ
ȻġľһʱȻ
ŷǣʵһʥ첨ǿǰҵĴ֮ʥֱӱҶȥɰʹüɱʱ˫ȻѾΪѣԼʥҶȻûȻỹ
ˣүҵȫҶͬǻˣҪַ½һ飬֣ص˵үҶύҪҶֹͬԸСү⽻ˣһҪλ˵ףλ֮ǰ֮ҪһαˡҶͨһôλ޹ᱻһ󹦣
Ǻ˵æű̬תҶ㣬һ񣺡Ҷı£ĳǼģҲǰĳҡҶǲȰҵȵʥأ
ȻҶ㵭һЦ̧֮򿪣첨ʥѪ۱ʱ˳䵽˰ͰܽС
˵ʥʧãǱϲӣʥкһп
лҶ񵽵ǴʥĴ֪񣬴ʱҶ㹪֣ܵ
λġҶһЦ䣬ʥҲȡ˳ľͶڡⱾ˵ʥֻҶǿߣ˶ûзĻ㱻²ʥ֮ûô¶
˼æջʥҲҶ㹰ΪȻܲѣþң֮䷭ΪΪֱ仯޳֮£ϰߡ
˵ǰһ̻еˣֻҪ㹻棬һȫԳΪ§첲ֵܡ֮Ȼ
λֻҪ֣ܻôҶ㻺˵ֻһңսвҵ֣һԸ
ǲܣܣλ¼æƴҡͷ
ʱһʦˡһҶͷʮʥʦеİѾʧȡ֮𾪡
ǹչʾҶҾǿȴǿٶսʿһǧ˾Ĳٿ˰ٴʯʥĴǰĽʱȻ޴档
˵ģЩսʿͷŵʥټеʥ󣬾ͽһʱЦŶ˵һʥȴҶ֮£˼ʱƳģǸǾһ亹
ǿʥʱ䣬һǧٶ⡭
ͻȻԼһȱʦʥ򣬶һŵʥ
˰ٴʯǵİʱȫˡ
ٴʯʲôڳʱʥˣʥܸ֮֮ǴֵõҶ㲻ϵָ㣬ȴһǿһ죬ʮ˼ʶַ֮󣬾硣
Ҷǰ֮ʱǵ̬ȲɴΪĹۣҶĿ֮г˳ݣȴǺ޲ͼҶ飬õλܵ㡣
Ҷ㿴ǵһУ΢΢һЦλǳҶҾֻ±Ҫæˡսʿǵף鷳һ£ıǵΣõ˿


554 ȷ
һ֮һҹսһ֧˰ޱǰһ֮ϡ
λս¥ĴУһλӢĳʥ߸ֶԲվŵЩʥߣ΢Цҵʱˣ
ɱ˻ӣмʥߴ󽫳ɤӺüͶ䣬ʾ⼸Ĳ֮顣
ǹһСضѡһλʥ˵òôɣ
СأӢĳʥЦˡ
ˣĸ࣬Ҳµһš㡣ΪһеľӢǰޱãȻеһ֣ΪĻᣬȴ˹ϵĸߡ
Ϊλĵһ֣ȴһգȨͳΡ£Ǻ޸о
ǰֿȵĺˡһλ͢ǰŴδǿߣȻĻޱߵģԸ
һΣȴԸ֮ģֻΪַĴܡ
ӿɶС֮֡ˣ˵ǴУ¾Ҫͬһ³ˡ
ǲܵġһʥЦ˵һǵ򾫱ǧʮλڸϣĽɳеһֽɱǧǿҲɳǧǿߣǿʥʥ֧ԮԵǰ˻ʥ͢ĻʼҽֻҲռϷ磬ԸһС
شĻĺƽôģͽǰ񽻸Σ
֮ãǿĺʱ۷Ź⣬һ֣ģĩȻ㾡ȫֻҪٸǧҿսʿ˵ĩһˣƽⰵޱǣ
̲סͶȥĿ⣬ĺȴ⣬ֻһĸ߰Ը
áһͷô汾̽Էʵɡ
ĺЦһ֮첽֮ǧսʿĴ֮£ŰޱǶȥ
ࡣʱһλϵʥ˹˵ȥ𣿡
ʡ΢΢һЦΪȻҰ³çЩսǹϵǿ󣬾㲻УҲʲôһԱͽڣԷҲòʵʱ佻־ͺðˡ
⡭ʥ߻Ҫ˵ʲôȴѾһ֣ͷϵԲ˵
ʲô⣡ţ⼸̧ͷȴǽ巢ˣȴǵĴʱҶĺúýѵĺưɣܽɱˣһǧˣǧҲֵˣ
ߴս֮ǰڲĹĶȣҶҾһ߾ͼ򵥶ˡ
ǿеİڴ˽ٵϢޱʱæµǿ֮ͨռĴ󷲼оۼ֮ǰ̶ļƻһְӭ˵׼
˸ǿзأʳǴҶ㱨棺ǽһŽϴĻ֮ϣɳʮս
ʮսҶԱߵķ΢΢üѵһʼʹٽ𣿡
ҪҪ̽һ£Īʡ
ɳһҶһͷָ˵ţȥ̽һ¡סֻ̽սһǿʱ̰ս۽ʣ
ǣͷİɣ˷ܵȥһǧˣֱӳǿա
һǧ˲һǧװľǵʵҲ˴˼Ҳһһ
õʮʥʦͰʦҶûš⽫һµʱһѧϰһٴʯȴƳһǧҶҾı׼׼һװ
һǧˣ˵һˡսû˵
ȥһǧ֮Уһսֱǿ֮Уӭ֧˹ȥ
ǰһս˹ΪĺƼݳеĸ֣Ҳʥߣȴǿޱȵʥ֮̽ʱһָԶڵĿĺƱ档
һսĺЦ޴ļһΪùսƭңֵطǵ֮ٲйս˵УǱҶ˽ɻһȫԶ϶Ҷˣ
ô죿ʡ
ȥսʿһǰΧĺƴһҪǼʶǿߵƣǿŻٴ򣡡
ǣʱɢĺƵȥ
Ƭ֮䣬еĹսͻȻ٣ſĺƵĳǰȥúǿ֮۵սһ½֮Χһ£Ǿսʱɳǧŷףֳַսսʿ㽫۵ĳݰΧ
ҶСڣĺƴһսһ·һԣһʵļơ
ǧսʿλʥߡսϣĿһɨѾ˽⵽˶ԷĵϸǺһЦ͵һϷԾ𣬴һСȻҵҶҾĵ£ɱ㣡
һ֮䣬ȭɽֱſĺƶ˻ȥ
ƣĺߴһӭȥһȭһ⣬ײ۵ȭƣһ֮䣬΢΢ȴһӱײ÷ɳʮԶ
Ǻǣֱ£Ҳ׳󣿡һЦ
֪ĶĺﺮͻȻһһץץһʥؽһ֮ʣһƥƵĽ
ǽ֮ǿԻһС͵ʵޱߡ
۲һһɲǼٳġܸܵԷԶʤԼټʥԼǶ֡
ҲǿҲһץץһʥ˫о޸ӽһ
Ҷ밲սջСʥͽɻһѣʱõı
ȻĺƵʥҲʥȴеֵ֮۽֮ǿǽ⵲סԼȴ³һѪһ·֮Զɫһ䣬У
תܡ
ĺЦʲôƨҶҾ𣿸ɱ
һ£ǧʿʱ׷ȥ
ҲǾһԾս֮ϣһ֣ų˾ָ̧ŶԷĶһͨ䣬һ±ɱһȱڣݳȥս֮ɢһʥ˾ϣȴҲٵشߡ
һӣһ߻䣬ٶսʿŵ˲׷
ʲôʥĺƵ߾ܰɣȻļʥ
ûе㱾£ܴܰĶӣĺƺһôС֣ҶȻЩҵףתۼǵˣ
һӵܷŴЩ½Щʥ͢սʿȥնȡսƷʱٷȫ𣿡
ס߻ĵһЦʱ˳ȥܴҲͬʱʥ͢սʿǴȥһ׷ʹ˲κġ
ʵҲǶ࣬Ϊвûʥ죬ȻҲܸӦʥһٶȴǻ֮٣ǵ֤½ֻ֤Ǳ
ĺȴ˿䣬αɼһߡ
һ·ɳۣһһ߽Ҷ㣬Ҷ֪˵Ҳ۴ͼˣǿʱЦ
˵ôһʮսءЦ˵ԭȻǿĺç򣡡
˵֮ʱȴ˵ĺʥҵˣǸһ֮򣬲ǿɹۡߵҲֻŻɳȷ̽ȴɳʮս
һսװʥߣͨսʿȫװʥߵ֮УԾǴҲһγȥʮսǽ켫࣬ǹС
δӵ˵Ľ徫Ӣ㡣ľЦ۾ѾǳˡǴǲĺƣ
ǹʥաһս֮ʲŽһģȴֻԼˡ
ǡЦһʥĸˣǰ˻ʥĻǰʥս֮У³
һˣεЦЦ


555 ٶǧ
²ᣬȽǰ֮¡Ҷ˵
ҵ˼ǣʾ˵ĺһç򣬲Ϊ壬ȴ˲õ˲ţµһĸǽʥδļӦðصϡ
֮أҶʡ
ޱǡ˵һĺçȻ⣬ҫҲΪĺƶô󹦵֣ˣǾͿԳǷ֮ڹ
ôޱϵһô죿һüѵ̤ǵ񣿡
СȡЦ˵
Ҳͬ⣡ӽĪܺòײŽޱϵķ˹ǿʼУʱȴǷʲôƨĿĺŰôȡ񣿡
ǶҲƾǵʵȴҪȴǼֱԼԼ
ô˵£ҲŽС
Ҫü˵ʡȡʤ֮
ôȡʤ֮ôҰ֣֮Цʡ
⡭ǵɫͷ˵Ҳȷʵûʲô˵ˡ
˵ļƲȷʵҶ˵ͷ̧ͷ¶ЦǼֵȴһȻʱҶ˵ļƲߣǰһսļƲߣȴ԰ޱǳ÷չļƲߡļƲȡһʱ֮ȴԶʧġġòʧ
ʱͷ
ǺǺЦţҲŵͷҶıԶǣ
Ҷ㵭һЦȫףܳΪ࣬زһǾףȴǹ⣬ΪľԼΪһʱ֮ʧԶ֮ȴǲ֮١
밲һ뻢ıƤ֮£ȻҪӽǵĵҪ׵úô
ʵסҶ֮ţӦȴ࣬ʱԿֻǰ
ۣӣҷɱǹҶʱݳŰޱһԶȥĺȻû˼Ϊ׷ٹޱǣڶֱŰޱǶ
λӭУҶһһʧȴһ֮⣬ǿ֮Уʮս
ӭУʱϴҶҾһڸҶ֮ǰƵļƻǿոֲء
С֣ĺԶԶҶһֻɱɷһЦһߣҸһĻᣬһǧ˳ȥ£
ǣ۷Źâɢʥһӹʥ͢սʿҶֱɱ˹ȥ
Ҷ㾲УһĿ峺ˮ
ֻһ̧֡
ʱͻȻ򿪣ٶսʿɱϵɢĪʹǿС͵ĸݣеͷŻϢиӦ˶̲סսľ
ɲ֮䣬һ֣ٶֻͬʱ䣬֧ܼǰһɫͬɫһ㻮ǿգһ˹սʿ֮ڣ͸˹սʿǼʵ֮֮󣬴ݵŷɻԼ˵ߡ
ֻһʱٶսʿֱӱɱ
ҶҾսʿѣֻŶս֮ʱмͬʱ׼һ֡
Ѿ㹻ˣһֹʱǧ˶֮һս˭ܲ
ųһ亹ͬʱҲ˻ᡣֻΪһսʿҪһʱ䣬ˣʱɢʥָʣӿٶǰҪһ³嵽ǰЩսʿɱ
ʱڶֵļ˹һΣȴٶͬʱ䣬Ƿֳÿһˣεˣȴʹ಻ϣǧ˶п˻
֮ٶɣ
⡭⡭ĺƿɶˣҲûĶ飬ҲûװʥҲͰˣļʸȻҲʥڿЦɣʲôʥΪƷʹã
ܿͷ֣ԷʥȻ˵к󻹿Էɻߣظʹãװ֮ʱҲ򵥣ʥһУսʿҪֻǲϵ׼˶ѣ
亹ĺƳԼŵˡ漴һҧ¶ӲɫǰȥҪߺ֧
ʱҶȴˣһߵǰڶԷǧ˶ӵİΧ֮СݵЦݣ·ҪǿѪƴѼһ㡣̧֣ƳȭһȭʱޱߵĹȭۡ
߿ţȭҶȥһˮĹâȭɽʾɫϵʥȭƮʾ׵ռɡ
һڴճȭ֮ȴ˲仯ޡҶֻһȭֱӽߵĸ첲÷飬һȵ˳ŶԷ˿ڴڣҵУӲƿը飡
ĺƱܵش˸¡
ߺˣЩشš
˻ʥ󽫾Ҷ㡣ҶƽȴſĺƵ顣ɶȻһҶ㣿
ǡҶͰЦţͷ̧֮һȭӽԼļսʿ÷顣
ʧȥʥ쵼Ѿʧȥ˰սʿǧ˶ѾҳһţҶҾٶȴ硣һΣҶսȴҶ󽫾һ𲢼սһ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬ҪҶǰúñ֣һɨҶ֮ʱԼҶ󽫾ǰչֳų
ǲһеؽͶʣµٶˣֻּ֧ʣ˿ļʮˣãȻٶȫʥսʿһʱ֪ӦսӦӡ
սɣȫǶ֣Ӱɣǧͬۺһλ󽫣δӣҲ
ЩսʿѾᡣ
ϡϣʱĺƲŻɤӴȴŵٵֶΡ
ǣǧսʿеڽ˿ĺƵĺֱɱǰеԶɻЩߣ֪ԼӦǺá֮£Ҷٶսʿֻӭİٶ˵ĳɱЦһİٶսʿеĴѡİ١Ĩȥֻˡ
İٶˣ֮伸ʣ˼ˣһͣڿУǰֲ
ĺƵڶ
սֻôƬ֮䣬Լǧ˾һ룬ֻʣһǧˣʲôսǵɱ
ܴˣȥˣĵ׿š
Ҷ㵽ʲôˣôӵôǿսʿôװȫȫʥļ֦Ҳʥ붼£ôȴССƫƧطˣ
óˣȻ·һ
ʱֶԷļֹͣˣһսʿƺæŰŪԼ֦ͻȻʶһõĻᡣ
ǵʥ緲˵Ĺû˼ͳ˷һЩʹùһʱ֮ʧȥٲܷˣһģ
ҧݣͻȻ˷İٶֵԭȴҲմմϲԼİٶ˵ᣬ˵Լһ࣬ǻ۸ǽ
Դϲ֮£˹ʱʣµһǧսʿһҶĶɱȥһҽУơ
Ҷ㻺ǰȥĿ򶨣鵭Ȼ΢΢Ȼһ˿ݵ΢ЦôŶԷӭ˹ȥٶսʿҲ󣬾ôŶԷӭ˹ȥ
ԷķǵУγĶԱȡ
ÿҶҾսʿ϶һЦݣȴɱĹâǵûкľȴʹá
ֻ򷽲ţÿ˶յҶһ


556 ɱ
֤ҿǵЩǿ󣡡
ֻһеսʿ÷ǵģôʱļѵѾǵ־øӼǿǲǵųߣһ֧޼᲻ݵľã
Ҫ֤ԼҪԼ羴Ĵ󽫾֪Լֻ󽫾µʥսԼҲһ˲õ
Ҷ㲢һʱ
ǿ󣬲ǵָ뼼ɣɫҲ־ֻӵǿ־սʿǿߡ֮ѾʥҲǰĺưĻɫѡǿ׳֮ʱ·һݣһǿ޷֮ʱ³һš
ңҲһҪҶ㲻ֻӵеֵľ飬֪γνǿɱ
ԣҪǳ棬ֱԵˣ
ôҲΪаգΪٶҶҾսʿϴĿɲǷףʥס
ʥԹѵڣôЩսʿͿȥɱˡ
˲䣬ٶսʿԼĵ˳ײһ
ҶҾÿһ˵۾ſսĹ⡣ǲپµˣٵԼǶѪжӦʲôʲô
ŵ壬ǹӲдӱֱͦŽڲ֮䣬ʹǧԼӢΰ
ȥĿ£ʧпԵõȻֹӣܽԼдʿʷ֮У
ɱ̱ӵɲǣҶҾսʿŭȡһ˫о޸Ǿ޸ڲ֮ǰǰڽʥȴҶҾװ
ʥټһʥ˫о޸ʹҶҾսʿĴʣսµĴڣ
Ҷһȣһȭ˼·սʿֱӳ嵽˿ĺƵǰûж˵һĻֻԼȭͷԷкһȭӰ޷ѹһ㣬ֱſĺƶȥƵÿĺƲòȫ
ɱѽ
ſĺ͵شһȭҶȭƺݺײһײ֮Уһӿ𣬿ĺһ֮£˳ʮԶҲһ˿Ѫ
̫ǿˡѵҡͷȻҶѾһȭݺݴ
ĺƿţٴƴȫȭһȭдһĺ⣬ͬ޸ǧ֮һһ㣬Ҷȭӭȥ
һĶǵײʥײɢݻĹ֮ʣĺƵȴٴκɶתţһɹѪڿγɢѪ۾ɵϴȴһ˿ʡ
ֻȭҶѾеҪ
ҶսˣҶҾսʿսڼšһɱУȻԼҪһȴ⡣ǿµΪṩǿͬʱҲǣʹնϵķֻܲһĻ𻨣ȴ޷ͻף˼ڵ
ǴЦţŻɱǿеĿ֣ɴཫȭͷ𣬲˫иֱȭԵ˵ĵȻǴռϷ硣޴ʹһڽ֮з·ɱһ㣬ÿ˶׵ػɱŵˣۿžҪеĵȫڴˡ

ңԶһҹս֮ڣɴ۾һһԲҶ㣬̲סһ󾪺
û뵽Ҷ㾹Ȼ˵õһλʥĨһѺһ˴żսʿ˿ĺǧ˵սӣ⡭˵ȥ𣿡
ֲðӶ²ˡһʥͷ˵˿ƾȴʲôսƣʵ
ٶսʿ̫ǿˣһλʥ߸пע⵽ϵ׺еǾ޸˵ˣǽɻ񰲵ģ󡪡ǵʲôôô
ֻʥ֣ص˵
ʥ˶˸¡
ǿЦɣˣõȫʥһʥȻ
С˵ϵһҲʥȻӦǱߵϢ⿴ǶԸǵսʿʱչֵ֪һʥʥһλʥʮսʿҲֻ·һ
찡ڵһ󾪺
ʱһսʿײײ˽ţˣɱɱȥˣ
ʲôһæסԲʥӿ֮侵оһ䣬ֻһս뿪򣬾ֱҶ֮ȥ
һȻô㣡һüǴ̣ƽʱı䰡
Ҫʥһʥȴ˹С㣬Ҫҵ£ȻԼ֪
⡭ǣ˸£æӦȻҡͷ̾˿
ˣǡһλϵʥǰҪʣѾִ
ȥɡ㻺˵ȻǳɱȥƻҶľսȻֻҴˣһɱǵġ
˶˸¡
û취ôЦһҲܳΪеһְ
һսǰǳٶʾݳʥǿҶԶԶӦսʱһ̧֣ʥɨսõĶȡˡ
ǣ
ٶսʿӦһʱ˵õֱӰԼ֮СΪʥһֻƬ̹ѾɣҶ⣬ȥֱ˳Զ
Ҷһ˸Уȴսĵ֮ս͵һҶǰͣȻһһɫ۵ʥߣǳҶҶǰʮͣ¡
Ҷ㣿Էڡͳ񣬳С
ºˣҶҲŶԷ
һͷˮһ۾ǣһüӢȴκμ˵ŮΪ֮㵹ͶͱӼҲҪĿһԲλࡣ
ʥ򣬽ʥ壬ɱԷ
֡ҶӦŶԷϵϢͷϢǿѵõĸ֡
Ҳɱ˵սʿҪʥ֮Լʲô˻ʥ֮Ӧûôǿʦǵ˭Ԯ
£ҶһЦ
νɱҡҡͷȤȶһΣ
ʣƺԼģҶ㵭Ц
Ϊģǿɱ˵

ǵģսĿǿһսĿ
ˡҶ㻺ͷһսΪɱ֮ˣҲΪǹʥߣֻΪһˣһͨսԼˡ
ˡɱϣ¶һ˿Цݡɣ
áҶֻһͷͻȻֱ̧һȭһȵĹâֱӷӹʮɵľ룬ɱǰ
һĹâӿŽɱֱ۶һ浭ĶΡǶۣܿȻкҶһȭɢĹȣһȭȫ赲⡣
ɱĿһݣӾҵһź󷽿ٵȥһˣһ߲סӶֱۣһĵܣһȭ⡣ֱɳٶɺ󣬲Žȭȫ⣬Ҳͣ
ȤϸֳЦݣ͵һǰȭͷǰ͵һһƬĽ˸ȭ
ۻ
һУһڽɱֱ֮ϣȭ֮⡣ûнȭƻΪ֪һСױԷ⡣
ǿ֮Уȴʥһ㣬ԶҪҶһս
˼Ҷ㿴ȭͷ


557 ս
ǡۻȭƣҶ㲻ܣһճȭӭȥ
һߣǽ䣻һߣǹâ졣
ȭݺݵײһΧǿҲ֮һ޴ɢսʿҲоԵܣֻˡ
һ֮£Ҷҡź˳ɱȴҡֱ˳ɶԶȭŵĿⶢסҶ㡣
һǵһôǿˣɻͷ
áҶ΢΢ȭ
һʱҲûΪѾʥȴܸʥ֮ҲǼ졣ǵõʥ񣬲֮ʣȴӦİʹԼʥʹõĵ似
ʱԶǳʥʱɱȡ
ɱû˵ʲôʱȭֳҶӭȥҪȭ֮ʣɱȴͻȻһȭһ⣬һһ˹һֻȭ΢΢󳷣ȴǿҵһ
ҶķӦ˿ڶԷִճȭӭ˹ȥԷȭײֵŶԷһȭ֮ʣһ´ȭԷһҲʱ⡣
󣬳ȭ꣬ͽɱմս
˴ѷѽ⣬һʱǿ֮ȫʥĹ棬ʹڰޱǵĵ֮ϣҲԿеʥ仯ɸֻþޱǵķˣ˼ʲգ̾񼣡
ԽսԽ˷ܣȫſһҶȴ¶˳Ȼ͵ٶһȭ󣬽ɱֱӱԶԶײҶȴֻǻ˼Ρ
С
áãɱЦʹ죡Ҷ˫ɱ
ֵҲʵ˵áҶ㻺˵λͽΪĴգǵȴҲԶ㡣
ұҪʹȫˡɱ˵ҲҶҪʹһսɣ
ôˡҶ仯øΪ顣ʾѾóȫԻɱԷ
⣬Ƕǿбʾ߾⡣
ɱҲˣȫӿҲñɱ⣬һ֮䣬ѾҶǰһƴֱ֮ϣһĽâ
죬Ҷ죡ת֮䣬һâѾȭһ»λ˽ɱۣţճȭѾһ˽ɱ֮ϡһ֮УɱƺһߵİʱȴǱҶһ˱۹ǡ
ƺУɱȴҲû֣ͣȭͷֱӴҶ֮ϡʱҶȴѾܿȭͷֻǲҶŶħһ»ƳһѿڣҲҶһ
ȴû˵ҪһЩƤˡ
ʥӿ䣬Ҷ㽫ŴһҽãɱҲʥѿĹ½Ӻã͵⡣
֣Ҷһһȭֱƻδܴȭơ
ɱһȴƺϵҶжһ㣬ͻȻһתȻһ߳Ҷ߲࣬ʱҶһ𣬱ԶԶɿ
ڱеɲǣҶҲѾһȭݺݻڽɱ֮ϡɱ͵ػһΣȻûɳӲ֮䣬ȴſһѪ
ʥ֮ѪڿɢȴɢǿγһССѪɫᾧԶ
ҲǿƯ֮䵽ĳһϣԵߵֻ֮Ҫһɾһδ档
Ҷڿת˸Ȧͣʥӿ߲࣬ĵؿת޸߲ˣһһȥֱɱɱҧһ͵һȭһʮɳĽҶһ֮Ľ⡣
Ҷһȭٴδнɱţλǿߵһ·˳ȥѪڿγһƬƬ۳һööĽᾧ
Ҷ㼲׷˹ȥУٴλȭ
һȭǴˣɱɣ
ʱһľ޴ӰͻȻǰſɭȻ죬ֱҶݺҧ
һȫѩףжͬһ㣬һɢɭȻâȻһֻһɶ೤ʥޡѩ
һĲһʥް޴󣬵ȴֻиǿжһ㣬ٶȾȻѩӰҪϼ֣Զֻգ۵ĹһҧҶЩӦҧһֱ
һŰ׹⣬ʱҶĻзȴѩӰСһƽʱСƴҶޱĻ˯ֵ˴ս֮ʣȴҲˡȻӦϢ仯֪˭Ҳ˺Ҷ㣬ֻ˯ԼģʱȴӦΣյʥϢʱ˳
һ֣ʱɳɵľ޴ǣǽѩŭĿӣɱ⡣
ѩһ޴İǣʱҲ⣬Ƭ̺͸ӦѩӰϵϢһ
漴͸Ĺ⣬͵һѩӰ
ɱ׷ġսҶ㿴ԶĽɱʵ
ѾˡɱŻ˵ʥ޲ǲõܰɡСģ⽣ѩСΪǿʥ֮ҲվڽڶĴڡ
δ˵꣬ȴ˵ˡ
ΪڴʱѩӰѾ뽣ѩսһһһСӰֱǻɫ磬ǿݻޱȵİ׹εΪ׳ۡ
֮УһӨľ޳ͻȻƾճ֣͵ѩӰɴ̶ȥ;֮һըѿݣһŻĴȴȻһµķֱѩӰ
ѩӰһĳХХУһצӶ˲仯һиռ֮ѺۡЩѺڿһ޴צ͵ǰһӣʱһݴȫ
ѩӰ͵ǰһײ޴һײڽѩϣֻһɳĽѩʱײú˳ȥڿзһҽС
ѩӰûͣµ˼ݺݵصŽѩͻȻ͵ϮҶ㣬ЩҶֱһ㣬͵һ˹ȥſڱǺݺһҧ
ѩӰɣǽѩıһſڱܽѩİװһҧסǽèҧһ㣬һ¾֮ܽҧ¡
ʱҲֳ˽ѩһ֮£Ȼ֪ȫܣһ˳ȥ
ֻд޿ں£ĺȻһ죬űһƬѪɢһĽѩһҽУһеԶȥ
ѩӰһ˦ͷ³һɫıȡ
ȴһڽѩֱҧ
׺սԶڹս֮еĽҲɴ˸£һ亹
ʥôôһλʥ߾ѩǶʥ֮һ¾ͱҲˣȻȻˣϧǿϧ
һҡͷ̾Ϣʧ̫ˡ
ǸҶ㿴Žɱ˵ȻʥޣҲȲѡ
ǵսѾˡɱ˵ʤˣҳǱҸǿʿӢߡҶʾ塣ǵսˣǹʥ˻ʥߵսˡһս޹عƽֻ뱻
˵ĺáҶ㻺ͷѾ˼սڿʼɡ
ʼɱĿ˸֮ʣһѾ˽Уʱһӣȫʽ
˲䣬ս㶯Ǿ޴Ĵƶ֮ʱ񼫲ȴǷ䴬֧ƶʽһ޴ʥȻԼķ
һɢڽĿ֮ƿһռ䣬ֱӳ֮ǿ֮У޴˲̾һƽ̹Ŀռ֮··ֱǰȥҶȥ
Ҷ㸺ֶʥγɵķ紵ħ졣
ʥӿħŴƬָ̼
һ˶ǧ


558 ȫ
ҶƣɱҲΪ֮۷ͷ˵֮սײ֮ĶԿʥ˻ʥ֮ս伫
ҲҪ˵ġҶӦ
һЦ·Ƕѣս֮С
սٶͣ¡ţһս۶ǰһ󡣽ɱ΢΢ȥͣǴҶ֮䡣
һĹâȴһʥľ޶ܳЩսǰһʮ֮࣬ÿ涼ߴɣɣʵͬǽһ㡣
δսɼҶľӡ
һֻֻɳӥսһзɳЩ޶Ϸ񶯳ͣǿ֮Сǿʥޣһжʮֻ֮࣬һĿ׺ͣʱĶ룬һܹϸѵ
Ҷ㡣һʥ˳ǽʥŴһȻ
ˡҶ㵭һЦǺˣ
ǹʥ࣬㡣Ӧ
Ҳ޾ΪҪɱҶҾأҶʵ
սǵı⣬ʵֻΪ˰λӵ¶˵ҶĿʮɱҽеһ֣ȻҲ׻ܣ֮ڰ˻ʥ֮Уֻ¿ǵһˡǲĵˡҶԸ⽫λӽǣȻ
ˡҶ˵ҪˣҲӦǰҪɣ
ǹʥߣ͡˵ҶЩͲòˡݱսʹҶҾزܱ֣֮̽λ½
ȴǳвˡ
أҶЦʡ
ôԲˡһЦҶΪƾһ֧ǿĶ飬ܺɨȺۣ
һ£սϸ¥ŻһӶսʿзɳսΧһʱ䣬սʿɵĴҶǰǵεΪ׳ۡ
˶𣿡ҶЦˡ
˶ҲһӦЩսʿͷȫʥװеùǧ𣿡
û㷽űҼǧҶЦ
㣡㲪ȻŭȻ˵֮ٲ˿ĺƣ˽ҾһҲǧսʿԷȴһ
²Ҳգһֳ裬һʧܡ
һ£ʱǧгΣʥߴ󽫵Ĵ֮£ҶǲżֻͨٶǰУ֮ʱԱĶУƺչԼľ
ٶսʿʥ֮ѾþվսԲǰԲϵͼһЦսֻʥ֮ˡǿǿùǧ𣿡
οǻһλϵʥߴЦȻûôݳޣȴҲʥǧ٣ٺ٣
ֱӳȥɡһλʥߵ˵ǧһپͿԽǼ𣡡
˰ܸ֡оҶҾֻ˵ҶĻк֣СһЩǺõġѾʧǧˣдʧǿɶ𰡡
ʱλʥߴ󽫣ѾɱҶǰҶҾսʿʱٵط˹ҶҶУǸ˫֣΢ЦעŶԷڶԷĶӽ֮ʱȴ̧֣һץץһ¹ⱦ١
ǿϥٷϥϣҶͷǺƺƵĴָ̧ɲ֮䣬һ𣬻˵֣Хͬʱʹӽʥ϶Ϊһһ´˶ԷС
ʱһײγɵĿڶп˻ΪΪҶֻϵʥߣԾӵĽ첢ûעͣѡ˼ͣһ¿ɷҶ㣬һȥʱٶˣٶûʶʲôֱ֮ɳ
ô£һʱڹս֮д˷
Ȼų˷ʥߴУ԰չֵϵ
ʥ֮𣿡˴С
ϵã˾ڤʥһʥıôУ
һʱ䣬㵡ɻ󡢿־壬ָһ
ˣɫҶ˶塣
ȫϧһдۣȽҶɱš
ʱҶͻȻһ֣һͭɫľ޴Żз˳ɲ֮䣬ŻһǿʥһҶǰ۳һֻ޴ʥޡʥɡ
ʥޣս֮Уʧ
Լһѣ֮С㵵Բ֮ϵͼϸع۲šûȷʵһֻ˵дڵʥޣޱߣʵǿ󣬼ֱǻŵĴ档
ޱŻ˳һ֮䣬ʥɱǰںֱӳ˶ԷСһʱʮսʿצһץֱӽһӵʥ߽ץƣУ͵ؼХһɢʱٶսʿɳ
δʽӴֻǽӽҶ㣬ǧ˵Ķ͸һλͽλսʿɥĴۣ
оԼҪˡôת֮䣬ʧô֣
ʥģֻڴ˵֮ôȻĴڣҲͰˣΪλΪҶ޳裬Ϊ
޷⡣
ʱѩӰǲһ㣬Ҳѧʥɵӣֱӳ˵֮Сжͬ磬צֻ֮ôײսʿײ顣вսʿֱײúɳȥȴԼͬײѪɡ
ѩӰɱ𣬳ХһʹǾצһצצȥʮսʿֱӻ顣
ʥޣھŰʣµλʥ߷𷴿սʿ֯սҪʥΧм
ʱҶߵٶҶҾսʿȴһǰ˫о޸ֳ󣬶׼һͨ䡣
ʱһ֧һ֧ܼ϶𳤳ĺɫ켣ûһһսʿšŴ˷ĲҽٶսʿȾ㵵ĽǷӦڶּѾٶ
ת֮䣬ǧ˵սӱǧ˵սӣ֮ǧ˵ʧĴ춼̲סҪ裡
Ǵ
鲻ԽţԽԽǵɱ
ˣˣָԲϵҶҾʥ֮ѾǷѾʹʥսôͻȻ֮֡֡
ֶţȴ˵ˡ
֮ǰյ֮ơһʥ߼װ׵ػͷ;Щͷ
ֱһ˹ȥʥ߳Զˤڵϡ
˶òͷΪβ˵ŭţŵΧʥһտڲҶһ䡣
ȫŷ
һյĽ죬ԼĲ£Ǿ޴ĵʱѳСͬķҶҾһΧ˹ȥҪγɴ֮ƣҶС
ʮֻӥʱͬʱХ֮ǿաһڳһͬһؼɶ𣬾ȻҲһҶ˳ȥҪɱս֮ΧԷʥޣƾƣ֮ݻ١
ʱҶȴһǹͭɫĿռţʱ򿪣һԾ˳ۼѩӰڵŰҲ͸˷֮ɫ͵һ¼˹ȥԽָɱʮսʿ֮׷ѩӰѩӰĵһЦֱ̧һ峺ļС
ʵһУֱײӥĶ飬ȵֻӥĻᶼûУʱ˼֮УڲҽбʳѪ
˭ˡ


559 ֮
һ֮£ȻɱֻӥӥʥбȽϳǳģҲû˸˵Լһٻɱֻ
һ壬ôֳһһļһɴ۾
Ȼֻ֪һĻ֮ʥްˡ
Ҳʱһһɱ˳Ǵһֵף˭Ҳûףû˲µóǵ׳ʽ֮⣬һԵǾǶֻ¶۵֡
һˣȴǰ񡢰ܽǵİսʿ
һ֣سֱ֣ӹӵĲֱ̧ȡǿʥ첨Ϊ˲ñʶ첨ʥרŽʥСƴڵţҲʹʥǽתһˮ۳ˮ֮Уһնӡ
ʥ֮ǿޱȣЩˮһ֮УʱնɱսʿһѪꡣ
ܽҲֳʥѪۡʱʥѪۣȴҲѾҶ죬ȫ仯ȴʾһʥĽɫҲһܽϲѡ
ʥѪۣһĽ⣬֮ۼУ˹֮СЩۼȻЩˮУʤڶ࣬һ·ȥҲɱ˲ٹսʿһ
۾ˣΧ
ʱɱѾʥҽ֮ǰˣʱһǿʥֱҶɱȥ
Ҷ֮սȴ֮ս伫ҪСˣ
ţֱ̧һȭ֮䣬һȭϣҶ
ͬʱһֻһ֮䣬ռʱһɫĿռŻ¶ڣһɵĽɫͻȻŻ֮зſҶ͵һ⡣
ʥޣҶĿһ
û뵽ǿϵʥ߾Ȼһֻ޳裬ʥǿޱȣҶоԼҲȫĶ֣
һ⣬ǳ˻֮⣬ֲ쳣
ǸӦҶΣѩӰɱ֮͵һתһҶʱѩӰ⣬һХ͵س˹ͬʱֱ˦һˮ
ˮ飬ǧöˮ飬һ½ǽ߰ΧͬǧֻһڽϡÿһöˮڴǼӲƬʱһε꣬ݺݵȥȻһööƬѣֱӴߵڡ
ʱҶѾִ̧ССĹⰵ֮γһС͵ĺֱӭǵ⡣ײ棬
ʹڿŤӣһʱ侹ȻҶչƣҶһɵӭ˽ɱ
Ҳʱһĺɱ֮һӶ˾һλλҶҾʥߣԲͬķŹսɱʱγ˺Χ֮ơ
УһһŹߣλʥ죬Źսɱ
⣬ǶľͶֵĹսʿ
ǼĴѾ˺ãһ֣ʱ˷ܵŵɱȥֵܻȭ֮䵶ݺֱǿݽһ㣬һǵǰֵĻᶼûУֱӱҵĵʬ
Żʥɱӳʥ㱻һͨҴֻм֮ûл֮غ֮󣬱αնɱǿ֮УѪɢᾧƮɢ
Īܡͭ˸ٺסҲһӳɱһʱɱһڹսʿǺ
֮ǰߵۣʱҲһǧ˾ɱ˹һʱܼ䣬ǧĹսʿֱӱɱ֮С
챤սһĨ亹һߴɢʱλϵʥһʮصľ޶ܱ㻺ƶͬʱ󣬾Ȼϳһ޴Ļ֣ս
һ֧֧ܼϣȻһ¾ͱ޷ƿķ
ҵģٺ״һ͵طһץ֮䣬Լ֮ץһѾӨİˮһŹս˹ȥ
һѰˮʮö⿴һҲۣ·ֻͨװƷһǺصľ޶ܡ챤ײһ𣬱ʱ鿪ÿһö˰ٶתˮУиЩضܡ
ʲôܵս֮⴫ľ޴ƻ㲻ʧ
ʥʥʥ߾С
Ҳ̫˷˰ɣһλʥԲʾͼŴ졣
ֻÿһˮжתи޶ܵĹĥʮöըˮڲ֮ȫʧȻһԵƷ
Ȼʮöˮ𣬵ȴѾǡ챤еһ˺ۣҪƿһ󶴡
ʱٺЦץһʮöˮǴȥ
ɣȻУʥֱӾ
оԼǰһڡ
ˮըѣˮзѶٴι֮ǡ챤ҵţˮĥ֮±ƿһӡ
ҿ㻹ôٺ״Цźͭ˸Īܣһɱˡ챤֮ڣսڲȥ
صˮȴҶڽڣڷˡ첨ʥѪۡ򰵼ʥṹۺ˺ġС֮гȡܣƳһʥʱΪס
֮ǰҶ㲢ûסıЩһʥЩδȫʥװսʿû뵽ٺ֮£ȴ˾ʵ˾ϲ
ʱʮ޴ӰͻȻ֣һ±Щʣӥ
ʥޣʶ˾ǡͨʥԳ
ľʮֻͨʥԳѾץסһֻӥǾޱ֮£һֻֻӥ˺ѣֱͺͯ׽һ㡣ֶʥǰһֻֻǿӥֱͺ˳СһҲûз֮
żֻӥХԶ룬͵سͬʱſڷһĺâԶսռЩˣͨʥԳһſڣһҺǿµĺƼֱӷԶս룬Զɸӡ
ҲʱĽˡ
ǧȫʥףӿž޴۳һɺƺƵҶɱ˹
ԶΧˣĿֻסɱսһҶ㡣֪еҪĿǿĽֻҪɱʧٶսʿҲν
ʱһӰȴǵĲȴۡʱߴļһںٺٵЦţͻȻ֮ӻץһѡס
ɣһ㣬Ƹͬһڴһ㣬һץľףȴǰٺһץļȻмʮö֮࣬͵صһЩʱʥ֮£ɢһǧսʿͷɢȥ
ûо׵ĺȻ죬ҲûĹâ䣬Щ׵ȴһҲס͵һɢˮУֱӴһڡ
ȻЩʥףˮתиתʽʵֲ̫׼ޱȣԵˮʯи֮ǰȴĥףСױ֮µսʿ壬Ѫ֮޷ֿǡ
Ƭ֮䣬ٶսʿˮֱӻɱ
Ľɴ۾ۣһʱ侹Ȼ֪롣оԼҪôǷ˲˻þҪôΡ
ķϵʥߣҲһɱٶʥսʿ
ôǰһ˰㳤ľˣһ־ɱٶսʿ
㶵ʱֱӵöףǰ⾧ӨʲôױΧ濪
λǿϵʥߣĽ죬ֱӱö飡


560 ɳ
սݱ
⼤ս֮У˺Цûг޵Ĺâȴϧ֮⡣
Ҷɱ
һּҵĽʱֹͣһжֻôšûκǡҶҾ֪ԼĽҪκ˵Ԯսʿ֪ŽɱսĽǿµ
ս޹ˡ
֮ǰսȭͷණɱ˵ұĶ֣ڵѾ֮ͬǰҽˡ
ϲҶΪϿҡ
ллɱЦˣҶ㣬ڿһѡȻȫӿҵʥֱҶ㡣ҶҲӿţﵽʥߵĸ߷塣
ײһʱųҫ۵ʥ棬Χռ䣬·һµ̫ǿУޱȡ
ǿսɣɱڼս֮д˵ȻǷһ壬ӦýҲͷųҪң
ĺˡҶӦһʵʱ㳢ҷ
˵֮䣬ͻȻһȭŽɱȥڽɱʱȴ͵һȣʱһʥŽɱȥһ½Ӳס
ʥҪ֮ʱɱ͵شһӿת֮䣬һȴ޴һײʥڱ֮ǰõɡ
һɣӱ˳Ҷķת˹ȥ֮һĽ֮ϣ룬ҶȥҶ㲻ܣһдճȭײϽʱ֮
ȭԣȻһ䣬˺˼ʮԶ
ٿһֿ˱ʱȶΣٴǰ壬ȻȺٴײһλãȴǷǷֿλá
ʱһҶзһݻһص磬ɱС
ɱһ漴һ˫۵ȴҶĳ֡Ƭ֮䣬ҶͻȻһصзһȭŽɱɱ·Ԥһ㣬תҶһȭȭײһصʱ顣
һΣҶȴǱɱȭһҡΣɱȴȲ̧һȭҶ
֮⣬ҫ۶
Ҷ仯˷ҲšΪʱѾе¹ⱦӿһƿĿڣһ»ԣ۳һ¹֮ܣֱӵ˽ɱһȭ
ȭ飬ҶȴѾݵƿ
Ŀһ˿仯֮ǰһ˿䡣
֮ǰɱսʼһ˿ů֮ɫӢӢ۵黳Ƕֱǿߵľ⡣ʱһĨůѾʧھɱ֡
ս֮ǿеԼָսʿȥܣΪ˸Ӱ֡
Ҷı仯ɱоһĺ䡣˵⣬Ϊɱ岢ûио䣬оǺģȴ顣
ǲµ䡣
һ˲䣬ܵһ˿ǿȻ˲̲סҪܣжԶӶԶ֮Ҫ뿪ҶĿķΧ
ľķѹ£ҶȴѾ˹
һĹⰵ֮һ½ɱΧǴŹȵȭֱӴɱæУסȭȴסǿµķСͺֱը뼸ӣʱȻը
޴ıըȫʧȥ֪Ҳһ룬ѹʱȸоȴǾʹͷҶȭѾӡԼ֮ϣǹ͸⣬Ѿڡ
ֻҪҶ룬ͻʱը֧顣
¶ЦݣĿûһ˿⣬им֮⡣ͷɣҵ֤ǿߵĽٰɡ
㲻Ҷʡ
¡ҡͷĸеһλ˵һ仰ŵϦӡҿһ磬޴ջǰѾˡ
Ҷ㿴ͻȻջеȭ֮ЩµĹʱڽɱɢ͸ƮɢС
㲻ɱңɱһȻҶ㡣
Ϊɱ㣿Ҷʡ
ĵˡɱ˵
ҲԳΪѡҶ˵ֻҪ˴֮ԭ޳ޣս֮ʣҲδޡ
ȤǸȤˣɱЦˣЦúܼѡ˼¼Ѫ
ҶȻջȭȴ޷øĽɱѾȭͷشʵʱĽɱѾȫû
µɱ˵һϲǷˣǷ̫ˡ㲻ҵлøǿһս֮Ҿһʱ䣬ͻͻơ
ʱд裬ҶЦ˵
ðɱЦŵͷȻͻȻ磬һֱӶҶ㡣
ʥҶֽ˹ϸһȻһʥ
һ֧ɫĶ̵ѣڵͬŨصҹɫ浴һҶ㱶ϤҲе
Ȼħ֮
˵Ϊħѡɱ˵ʥмԿƣԴһֻҪ˿Ӵһ飬ħ֮кһλħʥ򣬳ΪԼūͣȫΪԼս
ȻʥҶ㲻Ȼ
Զ֮ʱĳλţħİʥֻ֮һѡɱ˵
ս֮ʱΪβҶʡ
㲻Ҳûǿʥ𣿡ɱĨĨǵѪЦЦ
֪ҶЦ
ȻûнųʱǿޱȵϢǻ¶ɱ˵ûһµʥҲ޳ܵضʥ㡣
ɺǲڽ֮ս㲻˵Ҫ伫𣿡ҶЦʡ
뷨ɱ̹ԣ㣬һ벻ʣֻþһֶν𡣵ҿ˷һħ˴ҿѧණǣҲµ򡣵ʱҾ͸ñɵֶκˡ
ҽˡҶָһһöʥ˹ȥɱС
ǡӦⵤҩǹɾ޴ɱһ
Ҷ˵
áɱûаԥֱӽ֮¶ȥƬ֮ʥ͵ؿӿ֮ǰеĶ㡣
⡭ɱסˡ
ﻹöҶһָöʥ˹ȥɱСȻЩڹؼʱ̾һ
ʲôҩôôɱ̲סʡ
ʥҶԶʥս֮ʱһλʦƳĵҩֻϧλʦʧˣҩûдʱս֣½һӡ
ôĶҲҪɱҡͷ֣Ҫöҩͻ
ⵤҩԶ֮Ҷ㲻õı
°ɣĺħѣҵʥҽύʱ˴˵񡣡Ҷ˵
ôҾ̰ˡɱһЦټ֡
һöʥܲʥ뼫ǿĵ˽ֶ֮ʱɱȫһνеʥγһ֮ȴֿ̱
ˣʲôĵ˲ܱܣ
ȷʵҶ˵ǿڹؼʱ̾ʥһġ
ħһơɱָŵ˵ǽħٻֻǵõ޴ѡҪһ壬ħѲƾֳ壬л߱ħһǽ֮ħ޷ռ塣ǿֱӰлħǿһǿʥ޽ħ֮ϡ
лָ̡Ҷһͷħ
ӶЦ
ʱһаĹâһ½ɱ
ɱĿʱһ䡣


561 ٻħ֮
һаâ֮ʣɱĿⶸȻһ䣬Ҳɲ֮䣬ָȫʢڵ͵һǰһȭҶ֮ϡ
һз̫ˣ쵽ҶֵֻڱܵӿһȭԷȭơ
ȭƣֻԵ˵ģ
ʱ¹ⱦһƬ»ԣһռѷ죬ҶзһܣӲҶɱȭ֮䣬ʣµȭƶ˻ȥ
ҶӾ𶯣һѪԿһȥӸڿУ·һˮԵƯߡ
ӦҶϢ仯ѩӰһ¾ͼˣԶһɫһ͵һֱݺݵһ½ɱײ˳ȥɱһײϼˣҲһѪȫ˹ȥ
ѩӰҲ˹׹⣬ʱ̧һָҪǿµĽâ˽ɱ
ס֣ʱҶȴһס˺㡣
ûϵ³һѪǿѩӰ뺣ʱеߣһסӣһֱӽԵ˱ϡ
Ǳ˿ơָŽɱ˵
ʱǰźһץһ޴ʥɾ֣ɱУһ˻
ʱʮһλϵʥߵı֮£ԷһҶҾսʿֱҶɱҶ㶢Ž㣬ӢӵϸӦ˷ֽɱһаâ
ĺ£ҶĿ䣬ָźߵĽɱ
Ҷ㣬ǾƲԳԷơ㿴˵Ҷ㣬һЦ֮ǰ㽫λ½ңο䵽ⲽأҲֻһССĽҿʥҲûôǿսʿɣȻʥޡͨʥԳΪЧǿ˼ʵ÷񰡣
ɭȻһжΪֹˣĻԻͽΪս貵һιĴ潫ΪҵĴеһҳҶ㣬ɣ
˵֮һ֣ʮһλϵʥʱҪͬʱɱҶ㡣Ŀȫɱ⣬ȻҶߵĽɱҲˣҪһɱ
޳֮ҶһͻȻ硣׹Уʥһɸߵľ޴һ֣ͽҶȫΡͦǿ֮У޴ȭͷޱֱһڷϵʥߴȥ
ʲô㾪ˣϲҶ㾹ȻôһУȻӵôǿʥ
ֻΪҶ֣֮ȻΪʮһλϵʥ߻ɱȴҶ㾹Ȼֽ֮ܺ£Լʮһλϵʥ߸޿ɱܣ
ȭֱЩϵʥ߷㽫մ˽̿ٱ޴ȭɢ졣
ʣµľˣҲһ´ϣȴǱæŽԶӣͬʱٴҪʹ
ʱˣһ֣бһ˲仯ǧöˮ飬ֱһ˻ȥˮڰ;֮ըѣһöö룬ϢϮһڷϵʥߣзߣûֱܷǴŻϢĶʲô㱻Сɸӡ
Ѫʬ帡ǿ֮Уʣµϵʥߺͽ㣬ȴѾ˵
ǽ㷴Ӧ٣һ´ץһռʥּ䣬ʥ֮бͷųֻһȵĽѩʱ⽣ѩѾõƣѾֹסѪȻսȴԿٷС
һ˽ѩıϣһҪýѩԼһߡ
ߣҶţɲ֮䣬һʥֱųһִһ·˽ѩǰ·ߡѩһ羪һ¶£Ȼ϶䡣
ɲǼ䣬ѩӰѾ˹ȥڽѩ֮ʣһڽҧס
ʱҶ˺ħѣʥСӦħдһʥޣȻһֻϬţ̬ľ޴ʥޡʥ޵һħӿԼʥһУħʱɢϬţʥ޵Ҳɢ֮𣬻һԵзɳݻһΰ̾
ԭħ֮ԭڵħͻʧ
ˣΪʥһк󣬱ʱ˺ħڵһʹһ鲻Խش
ɲǼ䣬һͨħͨںħд򿪣һǿħʱͨһͷ˹ħʾһڵɫٵشݹ˺ħ֮Уռ˺ħڵ硣
ʱѩӰѾݺһҧѩʱһҽС
ǿʥޣѩӰôһҧȻû˵ֻǽĻȥѡѩӰ֮ʱٴηҧȥ⽣ѩֱҧ¡
ѩӰңʱҶȴһѩӰʱտڣһҶߣſڽѩ˳
ʱ⽣ѩˣѩӰ֮𶯣ȴҲֻʣһӾΣòҲȴǡ֮
Ҷһ̧֣źħڵǿħֱӴ˽ѩڡƬ֮䣬ѩξͷ˱仯ԭѩ׵˺һĺɫһ˫͵ɢһħ⣬ڿһ
ǽ뽣ѩħ֮Ҳ֪ʲôħ񣬵ⲢҪл֮ħ֮ڣֻǵħħѡֻҪħħλͻᷢ츲صı仯һ±üΪǿ
һʱ䣬ѩӿһħͷХ֮ķ
ʱѾ˹Լһǿ뺣Կһָ˹ȥʱŴ˸ѪѪһߣɫһ²԰ֽֿ˹
ҶҶ̧ͷѵؿҶ㡣
Ҷûֻһʥջڡ
ʲôָŻеĽɱʵ
ҡ˵ֻ˱ԹŴµԱ֮һʱıԣʹɱѡ
û뵽ɱڵļ֮УȴаķҶһ㣬ʹƺҲ㣬ΪǱǵˣΪ˺ңȻϧԼֵܵȴֱ
Ҷˡ⣬ҲֻѡЩ£Ҳò
ôЩ£ҲòҶ㻺˵һ֣еĺħͷųһ֮ѩʱ۾˹ǰ
㾪ȵⷢ췭ظ仯ĽѩӦϹħɾҶ
ùƼӺɱ֣ұҵĺħ֮ɱ㣬ҲΪ˳𡣡Ҷ㻺˵
ôɱңŴУǽδļ˿õ쵼ߣɱңǶ˽ҵδýɱڲ֮أʱ嶼ὫΪͽ
֮䣬Ȼʹһ˵ô࣬żѪһһɵ
Ҷҡҡͷ෴ҵİ֮£ΪصΪĶ󣬻ΪδҲֻӢ۵쵼֮£Żųҫ۵ĹʣŻ㡭
Цһ˽ҵļ嶼׹䣡
˵꣬ҲȽٱʲôֱӵĻ֡ԭڽĽѩʱһħŹħ㣬һڱҧԴ
һ֣ʬƮǿ֮УԶȥ
Ҷ㻺תͷ˽ɱȻ㴫ȥһͻذޱǣҽΣ
ս
սѶҶҾͰȫ͹֮£ĶѾɾʥֱӶսߣһصս֮мݴ룬ȴսѱٺ׵ռ죬ֻòһеֻͶңԶǿա
ҶŷһЦһ³һѪ


562 ֮Σ
ޱӰӹǿգתۼ䵽Ҷԡ
磡ˮסҶšţʥҶڣһ̽飬һԼΪҽΡ
ʥ֮ͬڷ֮ΪʱҶħ󷨻ޱ֮пҽ˵ЧΪʥ֮ⷨȴüС
Ǳǿ֮ҺԽССճס겻ɢܶɹľ޽ȴ޷ĽҺһ㡣
ʥ֮ˣҲֻ˵ĵҩʥҽΡ
ޱܿ췢Ҷ˵òᣬҲû֮աסҶอʹƲӣͬʱʥҽΡʱһҾ޽ȴͻȻƿռ䣬԰ǿг֡
һ֣󽢱ɳǰܿ˽
ʱսѾӽβҶҾҪʤˣһ󽢣ȴֶ
󽢵ʽսͬȴ֪ǺηսҲ֪ǵѡ
Ƭ̹ҶҾˡ
һ֧֧飬սмɶһֱʱҶҾչ˷Ľ
̵ģô£㵵ЩŲͬʽ׵սʿȫʲôˡ
Ҫٹܹӱ̼ж飬һɣ۾͸⣬ٵΧȥ
ббĪҲŷ
ٺü˸ոռ컹ûȫסĹսϱٵһС
ԷȻᡣǿսʿɢ֧սӽҶҾθѣǿǿвͬλãβˡ
˶ıСˣʱϮǣǶȿţ˫ȭӰݺնɱб
ʱͬʱϵʥжʥսһһϮ
϶һ˫ȭҳǿĵâֱӻұߵ˵ʥݺݴԷ֮С
ʥ߲ҽ֮ʣߵʥȴƻ˿ܿǶȵ֮һǶȵСնȥ
ȥģǶȴһתת˹һȭһâʥߵԴ
һ͹֮ȴоһƣ
ս̫ã̫ˡ
ü֮ʣȴλϵʥ˹һҧһץһöʥȥʱһˡ
Ǽֵܻ˵¹˴ͲˡЩǿսʿİΧ֮£ʮʥ߷ֳӣҶҾʥǷ𹥻ʱվ֮Уÿ˶ʥֻһξΣˡ
λҪţޱʱȥᣬҶ㷢ӵܻһǿеֻҪ侲ҲǶ֣ͨʥԳǷɢ֧ԮǴһǧ˾ţԷսǼۣǲҪɢսֵܾһ𣬽ǿľŸҳɢ
һȴɡ
һŮӣֻһֱҶĹâڸʱҶԲѣȴչֳԼɫĲŻָ£ҶҾսʿǶ˾ְȻΧȴ԰
Ҫľɣ˸ţٶҶҾսʿŵ˼ȥЩһ⣬Ҫһֳɱ˵ļһǣʱɫǿµļ֮УֱӲҽ
Ҳһǧ˾ԷǿĶ䣬ǼֵɱһѪ·ֱǴӵļλʥǰ˽Ǽֵܵĵâʱʾ֮ȡ⼸λָߵ
ͨʥԳǷɢͷΪһ飬˲ͬսҶҾսʿΣգǱչǳľ޴ֱۣȭ꣬һ˴֧飬еĺǹﴩ䣬һǿл
ʱλϵʥȴսз˳һ֣ʱһĴ󳱣ڿݻһǼֵܷȥ
Щݻȴʱ硣ǿ絶ƽֱ˶ȥ
λϵʥͬʱһ˫ǼֵܣҲ޷ֵ
ۿֵܾҪɣ˸ɼۣƴָսʿǳ棬ʱŷִսʿѾþٲܷˡ
˫иⲫţһγʥǼֵܳȥ
֣Զޱ˲ɼôôȥԼ𣿡
ʱһ峺ļͻȻԿӿ𣬽ţǼһ޴УһӭǼ編ǼˮͬһľУֱӽɢ
λϵʥߵķȻһУƬ̼ͱĥɾ
ȴֻſڷ֮԰ޱֱ˲ͳսǼֵԡָ̧ȥһâʱҪ˵ţ͵ǰֻӳһˮ
ˮǧöˮǼλϵʥߣǼһＱæ÷ֵˮ͵ըѣȴˮߣζԲͬĽǶż˹ȥ
˷ǿȻ֮ܣסˮ߹ȥʣµļȴˮ߹˷ֱӱˮ壬ڲҽб
ɱѽɱѽƿţһʱɱԣһ˻ֽĵâŵսɱȥ˲ͱλʥ߰Χ
һеͳ壬â𴦣һʥߵԴֱӱնɣٻһţһʥߵһն裬һâһʥֱնΡ
ĸʥߵƣȴҲʵشƵıϡƺһһʥߴͷնƬԼȴҲ۵³һѪ
ֹҵս֮ϣҶҾսʿڵ˵Χ֮ˡ
ʱһֱޱɱ˹ȥ
ѩӰ֮һ𣬻һֻֻצЩһĻ˺ץʱѪꡣޱɫƽ䣬ʥɷһҪǮƵش˵Уǿֱ˷ĩ
ڤʥˣڤʥˣʱĪϳ˶Էףʱ
ڤʥ򣿡ޱһ漴뵽¹ⱦ٣뵽֮ɡ
û뵽ʱôãһﾹȻҵȻΪ֮ɱ
ʱһٻ˰һ·ȥ˵УŽԼءʱ۾ʲôˣ£ҪǵҶأҶأ
ˡޱһ
ʲô羹ȻҲᡭˣ
Ǳ˰㡣ޱӦѩӰѾ˷ŵķǡ
˭ôӣյޱһ˶ŭ
ҶҶҾ˵УǱս񣬱ǲ֮ǲܵߣʱȻ⵽С˰㣬˲ɶŭ˼㡣
ԷѾɱˡޱ˵ڻԲѣһоֻܿˣ
¶ЩʲôӿŽˡʱˣǵƴʱ򣡸λϧǵסЩǿУɱЩǿУҪýʧ
ɱ⣡
һӿһ޺ҶҾв塢廹ʥޣѾŭۣһͬɱһ㣬һеŵ˳ɱǺηͷȴڤʥսʿȫս
ۼʥ˸ɾʱҲٱ첨ȫ淢ӡǵҲֵĹ⣬伫
Ҳٲ˽ּ֮Ѻķ䡣
˵ƴս֮£ڣսַתԭΧŴҶҾ˿µ֧飬һ·Ѫ꣬սȥ
һȴս֮еָˡձһӶӲбʱسս֮СȻսʥ赲ҶҾٵԶȥ


563 ɱ
ЩʥȻȫװҶҾһѾȷʵƣҶڻ֮УҲΪ׷˶ʹޱʧȥٸʲô˿ɳ֮
ޱ£ҶҾձɨսع鰵ޱ١
һս֮УһҲ˲ȴõҶҾڰޱ
һսջҲǲСǽĹսСʮս⻹õʮǿʥһǧʥףʮ桰챤޶ܣһ׷ס
ҶҾĿ⸮֮УһʲƸ
һսȴ˴ˣǿй֮Ҳ𲻿á
һʥߣҲûаȻߣٶЩˡǼֵΪͣҲأһ˵ϼ仰ҪȳѪ
ЩȴȲҶءҶǱɱУɱ֮ǿȴҶƴɱ˴һ£ɲġ
ͬɱҲᡣѾҶˣٱаƣѩӰһײûˡҽμʱֻѾһʬ塣
صޱǣҶҾ¾ͶæһҲţǷǣ֪ҪҶһӣҶʧô֮ǰһоͶ˿գȴҲһڷϵʥߣææøַΪҶҽΡ
պҶ˹˶һ
ɱˣҶ֪ҶҾһڵҲ£ɱ
ڻ֮Сޱ˵
ȥҶһͷ˰ýɱĵСʱɱڴϣûϢҶ㲻ҡͷһ̾ôһλӢۣȴֵܣǿϧ
Ҷġ֪ش˵ɱȻû֮ǣȥԵʱܿˡ˼޴£һ۽ҲսУʵۿۣҪлҶҶȻѾ£Ҳڴ˶ˣعү
롣Ҷһͷͣλӣҡ
˵ͣʵҲǼӡʵ뿪¶ˡ
Ǵ˴ǰ˵һСս粴ڰޱϣһ˳սȥҶޱ֮⣬ֱӦǵϢػ֮ڡ
һڤʥĻ쵰ǾһʤЩϺзҲһѡصУʱ̲סߺߵ˵
ǣ˵òᡣƸѾҪϵ˿ڣҲûɫ
лᣬһҪʹЩڤʥĻ쵰Ƕߡ
һǵΣҶתĪʡ
áĪ˵ȻЩˣΪʥҲûʲôҪûȫװһ߰ˣ߲
ǵջҲǲС˸ʱϲѶսƷһһҶ˵һ顣ĩ˵Ĳ˵ʮ챤ܿǺöɷֽ⻯ɶܣֿɼһݣǷǿʥֻϧԭʮ棬ǿսʱһ棬ղ챤ˡ
ҲûʲôٺһЦָָҶ㡣ǿڡ
˲Цˣٴʯǵͷ㲻ý֮ʮʥʦʱҲԽһ챤޶޺ãʱһķʥǵҶҾأһʧˡ
ôе°ɣǶʱ̲ס˵ʲôֵĺá
ͽذɡޱʱ˵ȻѾӵĴ󷲼򣬵ǱϾǰ˻ʥ̫˻ֻҪɣƽ鷳ʥ͢͸Ľţءʾʥ͢һҪ˽зܱʾʥ͢ɽͷΪʥ͢һҪΪأҲ޷ʲôë
ҵýҶҽʲôıȽϺƵֹ
һΪҶʥءǶ˵
Сһ߷۾ڤ˼š
ɡӺһۡ˵á
ޱСһ죬Цӯ
ͽذɡҶʱڡǸƺѣޱ˵ò˽зŲʥ͢ĲǵȻѾǿ󣬵Ӳ㣬һлǽЩΪ
ãͷ
ڤʥǱô죿ͭʱʵ
һѵᵽڤʥҶɫһҳʥ֮ʱҪһɱֳ֮Σ͵Ϯʵǿɶ
ãǼֵһȫվһһļսĻǵȷɣ
ɡҶҡҡͷ
ôǼֵһʧ˵Ȼ³çЩҹŲκģȷֻ͵ýƴǿģ£û˭ȵùֵܰɣ
ֵʱ˾Ŀ⻷ˣһµļơ
ô˵˸ٺЦţָָſڵĺ㡣
ȻΣʵʥޣ㡣һЦҪôȵĻǻʮͷͨʥԳءǵȷ𣿡
û׼Ҳء˸̧ܡ
ˡҶһ֣Ҫʲôȷ棬ΪûȨȥս
⡭˲ˡ
ˡĪͨ˽ͣʥ͢µһԱ󽫣ɱʥô͵ǰ˻ʥһʥսˣʱ֮ս֪ж˻ǣС
Σں
Ļκ˶ԴΪڵʱʥ棬ҲסˡĪ̾Ϣһϴüסǰ˻ʥ͢ĳӣĳһʥ֮
ǾֻǣǶȼˡ
ĪҡͷֻҪֱӴʥ͢棬ɨʥ͢棬ƫƧ֮طս£ʥ͢Ҳһ۱һ۵ġ
ˣ˼һŸŵǡ˸˵Ҳȫ֮ɫ
ҲˣҲҪѵǣ֪Ҫ۵ġҶ㻺˵
ǲҪս𣿡˷ҪԱΪȷ棬ҶѾ˰֣սǰɱ
ɱһ漴ǰһ
°֮ɵĸ޾йءҶ˵һȡͷ֮ϣ˶ְ֪˻ʥַҪʲôĴۣ
ãĴմͷһ˷ܡ
Ǿͳɣֱ
½һӡҶҡҡͷ
ˣɲɣǶʱΣ£ôգ
Ҳ׷׵ͷͭ˵ҪȥҲҪЩȥһȥǿɶġ
кβģҶЦˡҳʥ֮ʱһףʲôҲûУһݺķЩѣټأ
¡ٺ׻ǲġ
ʥ߿ɱȷˣܱװ֮УȻҪЩǰȥҶ˵ʥܽ𣿲ܡǳȺӶȥǻаɱ𣿺˿սкηֱǷģ¹ⱦ١ʥ񣬸ѩӰԣʵʲôµģ
ʵޱҧҧ촽˵ǰǶɾ£ǿһɹǸȥ
˵תҶ㣬кỨȴޱȼᶨȥɣҺλһأ֤һʧ
áҶ֣ص˵ͷ
ŮˣٺʱͻȻЦͷޡ㣬ȥɣЩڣϲк֮ǣֻԼһҪСġ
лҶתˣһ֡


564 ˵
Խǿգڤʥ򣬶ڵҶ˵¡
֮⣬ǹʥأ߾СĶУһȦӱ˳ű߾ߵڤʥˣǹʥһǰ˻ʥһԲǱС
ڤʥһϮõľо·ߣܿ˰˻ʥطֱӵء
Ҷ㱾Դֱӽڤʥ򣬵δôȴҲѡһ·ߡ
׷ѰڤսɢϢսһ׷ѰһͷĲʥı֮ڤʥ
ľ޽Ȼڹ޵ǺƶһµϢ˻оʥ˵ȴ׷١
Ҷƾǹ˵֮ԼѩӰʥ޵ЩϢȴ˿ģһ·׷Ѱڤʥ
ԽУԽСģȫ£ԼϢһ֮ԾУ̰ʹϢ¶˸Ӧ
ģӦʥĵشѾٽΪԼ֮ԽԽࡣøСģһ߲ʥ̽Χһǰ
̽ķʽһֱʥɨɨȥֻĵشһһɨգ㱻˸ӦҲ޷׽ľλãȴȫʱ֪Էڡ
ƼĿħħߵӾ֮ʥ˵ûʲôôۿˡ֮⣬ʥʹãȴʱᱻԷӦ㡢㡣Զʥ˵˴֮׵̽鷽ʽȴǿԴԽңԶռʥ
ʱҶӽһž޴ʱʥһɨ䣬ȴϾȻһλʥˡһʱϢҲսĵؽ֮С
ʥ˲ʥֻһɫҶȸҪʥֱ練ơ
˴ʱ֮ϣָʮ߰˽׵ʿΪԼһءЩʯӨ͸һͲǷĻֻ¿ʥ
Ⱥʿ֮Уȴһߴɵˡ˳һ߸¡𣬸ԿµУؿڡͷСȴһɫĶ̰ǰϵһʥ˵ȫסʹֻ֮ܶȥɼʯ
ֻ֮ѾΪˣһ˱ֱӱɶľʯȻԳȴûֲ֧ס˼
ҶԶԶˣɳһΪ˵Ȼߴ󣬵һ޶һҲ壬ˡҶֻЩϤһ룬֪ԼϤ֮У˵ʡ
ɡ
ҲʥԳҶ㰵ȡ
ʥˣʱһеĴ۾·˯һ㡣еʿµĿʯԼᴿȻųһ򿪵Ż֮С
޷÷ȴᴿĹֻܳ
ʱʥ˻۾˸ǷЦǿЩɣȲһƬӸݺϷ
ЩʿʱЦкá
ȴ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫҧҧսȭͷƺ㲻һеʥƴ
Գͭʲôʥ¶һĨ֮ɫҪ𣿺ѽҾͰĸ첲ȫжͻص޵ǰҿ᲻ᡣ
˵꣬Ц
սȭͷȻɿ¶ʹ֮ɫĬĬصͷȥʯͷˡһʿЦֹļˡ
ҶȴüȻʥ˺ʿǲͬ࣬ʱȴǱ˻Ұ̣ʵٿȥ
ɲǼ䣬ʥɢһ磬ʹһеϢɢȥ͵һԶ䵽
ʲôˣʥ˸ӦһʥʱĿҶ㡣
ʲôˣҶ㲻ʡ˭￪ɿصģ
ʥһ֮ȴЦȻǽҶ㵱ڤʥˡ
λ֣ǸһؿĽúܰЦʡ
شҵ⣡Ҷ䡣
𼱣ЦǺǵشӻȡһƣƸҶ㣬Ҷһץϱ㴫һʥдš޾ʥ֡
ΪʥԷʥԭסһϤʥ֣صϣʥ֮ʹκʥ˶ֱͨʥ֪дʲô
޾ҶĿһ䡣
ʥֻΪҶǱŵɺǺһЦ޾̨֪ʥ͢ĳ磬ֻзʥּ֮߿Թɿء޾ʥּ̨и㣬ֵܻס̨꣬ʱǰΪԵġ
ʲôˣҶʡ
޾ʮӻǵĸ绪衣ʥЦе˵
ˣʲô߾ˣʿֺһԽţ޾ݣףһССĽˣ£
ǣǸ߰ɣʥ޾֮ʱҪӣʲô

ĵ
еʿֱʿŹЦһƬк
迴Ҷ㣬һ΢ЦúЩһʶɡ˵ĵҲүʲôλ̨Ҳ֪ġ
֪Ҷ㵭һЦ˵꣬֡ʥ˱һɫûʲô汾£ټ⧲һ¾ͱҶסʺֵشţҪҶʥ͵شľУʱʹؼһֱۡ
嶯ؽšвоޱߵĿ־壬ʥ˾Ȼ˿ӡ
󵨣еʿҶ㿴ҲǣһһָȥʱʿԴը̻ʬҡŵڵϣʿŵʧС
죡ҶһɨȥʿʱоһɾѹϮһʱ̲סŹڵأʧȥ˷֮
ȴֻȻվţûа㷴Ӧ
Ҷ㿴˿һЦת˻裬ʵ裬
˵ȻǲݰҲܸӦҶǿ󵽿µ֪Ľɫǰ˵ԼǱԼˣҲǶ֡
źúǰ뷨ѡ˲
ͺáҶ㵭һЦĻ㽫޾ʥϸһһ֮ҡа٣˱İ
⡭ԥƬ̼䣬ʺٴδʹŵæеȫ˵㲻Ҫɱң
˵ţһʱԺзɳҶ㡣ҶӦЩȴ·侳ڤʥ֮УڳߣҰдһ޳ǣһȣ޳֮ε
εȥҲֻǣڳȴһֱö֪
ʻ衣
ǡ⣬æ˵ֻǵʮӣûôȨҲֻլ߹լ
ҲáҶһͷһ½Եϣ˿ĥһôԸҶ֮ʣҶȴһХʱһʥס˻壬֮С
һ𶯴ٴθоĿֲɾ

ҲԡҶһ˵һ³һݻʮС͵ʥֱӷȥЩʿϣҲڡʥһ𶯣ЩʿоĿֲҵʹһŵɫסҶͷġ
ǵҲԡҶתˣ˵Ҫ֮ҡ㡭
һָ裺Ҫһڤʥ޾Уκš°֮⣬һȡ
ǣǣ輱æͷӦ
ʱҪ취ȥ޾Ҷ˵޾ʾұȡֻҪҵ£뿪ڤʥ֮ʱȻ⿪һҲǣˣ
תһʿ
ףˣʿǿɥһ߿ͷһ߻Ӧ
Ϊβסңʱ˿Ҷ㿪˿ڡ


565 
ΪǲͬҶ㿴˵
ҲǲͬһȺ˵ȻʣҪȥԸ޾ɣ
޹ءҸɣ߰ɡҶҡҡͷһ̧֣һʥȥϵֻ˳ÿһļ⣬ϵʺѪ
˵˲ųʣһͦñֱһļ죬һʥͬˮһӿǾ޴ȻһҲǼֵеκһҶ㲻Ϊ֮ݡ
û뵽ôǿҶ㲻̾ȻӦӦʥˣʵûϵ
ǵĹƣű׽סŻ裬Ƿ߿Ҷ㣬ͻȻһ񣺡ˣҵұӦ𣬵ȴҪ޳ٰܵһæ
Ҷһͷ
ʥԳԳһ壬Գͭ˵һ壬ֻʣ޶ΪЩ޳֮Ϯ˻ʥʹùƷ²ҵޣűסǱҪѵɻӣǱøֶĥҡһҶΪľһܾȳҵޣ
ҪҰȳ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǣԳͭһ¹ڵأҶߵסֻҪܾȳޣԸԱԸΪ֮ūԱ
ʥˣˡҶ㿴˿裬ֿ˿Գͭҡͷһ̾˭Ÿˡ
ʱʥƣ˵Ҷһ˵ʲôȴһҲҿԡ
ޱںδҶʡ
޾УԳͭ޺ҧ
áҶͷҴ˴ǰΪ޾𣬱˳æҾȳޣҲҪΪūֻҪܵҵؾסػǡ
ãԳͭһǲ¾ĺ£עҶ۾һţصͷ֪˵
˻ʥʥ֮͢䣬ΪءҶ˵
˻ʥǰ˻ʥʥߣһҶ˵Գͭʱ
󣬵Ҳֻа˻ʥΪԭ򣬶ˡˡһ֣˵ļ硣˻ʥʥһˣ֪Ǽ˼ʥˣȴ޷֪һʥߡ
ʱ֪ҶǼʥߣԳͭɸǼֹ⣬Ⱑ
áҶˣĿһٽһ顪ֻҪһҪǵҪȫֻаǱһ;ҵֺɱǣԿɼǵĸǸҵǰ˱š
ңң֣ЩʿҲŵøŰ֡
ߣҽڤʥ򣡡Ҷ˵
ǡǣͷּ磬ȽһʿУȡһ˫󳵣Ҷ
ҶҲһ֣ľʯװԼ磬ٽеľʯҲȫ˹ҲҳһֻһЦһξȡģ
Ҷ복УԳͭԳͭθߴɣǳ߲һɣȴװֻסλԵĳ֣һǰȥͬʱҲҶ㿴Ż衣ʵκ˿ţֻһµʥס裬ʹ
սսؼݳ뿪򣬷ɿԶȥսıУҶоʥ֮ҲԽԽǿȻԼʱõٵĲ䣬ҲѹԼٲһ㾪춯أּɽ
֪ѾڤʥıԵۿҪʥ֮ˡ
֮һ޴ǰ·ǿ֮ͻȻһӰһ¥һ³֮У漴ҲٲܷУֻǴϷɳۣӽһͬһȰĴǡ
ӽǳǣмλϵʥֱӷ˹һǻ裬ȴ¶Цݡ
ԭǻˡһλʥ߹һȻŸԱߣɢʥԳͭ¶ɻı顣
ʲôʥ΢΢һ𣬻ʱɫæүץֻˣû𣿡
Ǽһλʥ߿ԳͭӦǿϢ̲סе㺦¡
үѾѱ˺ϸĻЩרңˣû˵ţȻȡڼǰ˻ΣǼʱһС
ڶȥԳͭڳⱼи棬ٶȼ죬ȴڵϱʱ
ڳڱУ֮ӽһ֮ǡǾ޳ǣȴҶп޾
ˡ˵
һ븮бɡҶ˵ٸԳͭޱѺ֮
ֻ֪Ժһ԰˵Ѻүڸ׽ޣ˵ǸԳ޾ͱиƣλ̨ҪСЩ
ˡҶЦһұֻ֤Ҫ㲻ʾǡ
ǣ輱æ
лæҶ㵹׾泵֮С֮󣬳֮Ķȴ׼УҲֻ֮ܽУҶһ·ڶУԺǰ
һ·ϣ˴Ҷ㣬ֻɨһۣĿʱɢʥԳͭȥ˻ֺõʵˣȻͷѱˣǴһү֪һģ
ƨһãڴʱֻü˺ߣǰ
Ժǰǰһ½סһ񣺡ˣԺܽĵطʲô£תɡ
үڣʥһ£ʱһ亹æҶѯˡ
԰֮йǿʯءһ˵
ʮ۷սʿʥˣҶǰҲ޼ɵʹ뻪轻һ˼ʱ跢ָʾʱ֮ԶǸү˺ϢԳͭȰο֮ȴڿϣԸ⵱үĻˡ
Ǽ£һæͷȥү뻪Ժ򡣡
ҴҶȥñ飬үٻ赽԰ʱԳͭҶڱֱ
һλȴסҶ㣬廪˵ˣλӾ͡
ѱԳͭҶһۣôү£
⡭ѾүټҲֻ£˽ȥ
һλǰ·ڶȥת֮һΪ԰֮С԰֮󣬸˵ĸоѾ˳ǣҰһ㡣ڻľɽʯСӵ˰ΣһƬ԰֮С
ǻ԰֮󣬷·һСһ㣬һʻ룬һ龧ӨʯʯߴɣӨȴ͸ϲʱһ͵Ĺâ֮˸о泩
ʱʯǰһλʥߡʥһĳۣĸߴȴЩ֣ʾ䱣֮Զˡ
ʥߣżʥߣ⣬ȴһǷϵ
ȴҵƽءʱǻʥ߻ڣϸᡣҲҽʧܵʹʱȴ
Ȼ˱޾
ҲֻӵĽһλϵʥһԹ˵ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һССҶ㾹Ȼô
ԭ̸ϮҶͷһûע⣬΢΢һʹħ¸ı״仯һͷԼͷס


566 ֱӳ
ʱе㷢ˣתͷҶ㣬Ҷʱʥһ£ŵŲҶ
ţִԳͭһҪʱװ˳ӣܵüޡ
ʱ޾תͷ˻裬ʱʩ
˵ѱˣ޾עԳͭ۾ûҶһۡ
Գͭǿѹеޣ޾ʩһ񣺡ȥԳͭͿү¡ذΪүЧΥү֮
áã޾ЦˣǽΨһһҸ˵ѽ裬°úãҵ㣡
ҡЦ˵Ϊүҵı֣ĻҪʲôʹͣ
޾ͷȴԳ֣ͭԳͭʱ˹ȥԡȭͷ˴Գͭʵļ⣬ǺǵЦŶ˵㿴һôǿ׳Ǵߣǿ簡ˣȥһ·һõķףҪܵĸЩ
үԳͭһ񣬡Ҷûޣȼһ
á޾ЦŵͷֻҪһΪЧʲôԵõ޸Թϸõȥ£ȻҳУֺãȻޡ
Գͭȴ֪Ǻˡ
ҶĿܣͻȻһ½ʥſΧԲ֮ء
ҶʥȻʥ֮Ӱ죬ӰȴСڰ˻ʥ֮أʥҲΧʮɷΧʱʥͨشȴֱ֮أһ·Ϣʹ˲ܸӦ԰ڵϢ仯
ʲô޾ȴȫʥߣʱӦҶʥɫȫһ䣬޾Ǵһųһ⡣
ȡҶ͵һƿͷ֣ǰ
֮ľ̫ˣеķϵʥ߸ӷҶѾ˽ǰЩʥ߲òԼȭͷҶƴɱҶĶ֣Ҷ˫ȭֻдճȭ㽫λϵʥ߾ɱ
ԶͽĻ裬ȫŵɫһƨɵڵϡ
ʲôˣô󵨣޾ִ͵һȫҲʥӿȭҶ˹
һȭϲƣʾϵʥߵǿ
Ҷһдճȭ˹ȥһȭȻȭһȭԻ֮£޾Ҳܣ˳Զһƨ˵ϡ
㡭ϵ㣡ڵϣָҶ㣬¶˾ı顣ƶҵм㣬ɱҼҷɶҶ㣡ܣô
һж⡣ҶЦһұ쵽ɱ㣬ȴ͸׽㸮С޾Ҫ㣬ܲˣ
˵ţǰȥ
ʱԳͭȴһ޾һץ˹ȥ׼ҵ޽ңȻʱɱ㣡
޾Ҳӣ͵һ㿪ԳͭĴ֣һȭԳͭļͷԳͭ˼޾͵Զɱȥ
׷Ҷһü׷˹ȥԳ֪ͭԼ£ɫһ켱æϡǿٶȴתۼͱԶԶں档
޾ɱ֮ʣʥɢҪԼһǿĻȣҶʥǿޱȣʥҶʥ֮£ȴȥ˫۷죬ֻܷɱǰҶٶȼ죬ȴۿҪ׷һҧһתһȥ
Ƭ̣ܵһ԰СЩڵ£ֻڵ¶һڣ͸ȥܼһֻֻϱסʥޡһ޾ʱƴر裬ж¶һΣȻβ˶Ϊ
޾ʱȴЩһ԰Уʱһˣ˰
ʱλϵʥ԰һзɱһ޾Ҫʩ޾Ѿָ𣺡д̿ͣߣ
벻ܽ̿ͣһһȷӦ˹תܣһȴ޾ǰʱҶѾһɱһȭ޾ʥ߲һеӭǰȥȭͷո𣬲γɱ˵ȭƣҶĴճȭѾݺݻ֮ϡ
һ֮󣬹ȵʥڣ˲อʥ۾ʱʧȥ˹ʣصڵϡ
ҶҪٳ޾ʱһ޴ӰͻȻӹͷϷţһֻĤɳ߱Ҷ޾֮䡣
̣ĶһԳȫƬһļµĹâһѪӲס·˻˻һԻ۶סҶ㣬ӳҶ
ߣɱͽ޾һߴţһҪԶߡ
ߣҶһ޾˹ȥʱһХſҶҧ˹ȥ
ʱԳͭѾ׷˵ػԶۼҶ㱳ϮȴҲ޷룬ֻܴһСģ
ʱһŻͻȻ򿪣׹֮УһɸߵʥһŻ֮пסߣɭȻҧȥһ¾ҧʥ׹˸ĸ첲ϣ⧲£ʱۣҽһԴ˻ȥ
޾ûϵҶ㾹ȻôµʥŵûɢֽƴԶȥͬʱǷųߺϹʥߴУסҵס
ǣʥߴһҶǰҶѾһȷųӽʥҵɵӽ̾ʥʱʥ߰Χת֮ͽ顣
޾ۼҶ㾹ȻųûûˣһҰޱȣƴԶȥһֻæӳҶʥַΧŸиֺȣʥ͢ȣڤи֣һҶɱ
ҶԸ͵һȼ䣬һʥȥһ²޾ϣλɱеүֱһʺˤڵϣˤüǱ
ʱѾʥսһǿʥޣȻһʼΪ⧲˵Сת֮ԼǿͷԼʥ޵ǻۣʥһٳԿ
չ򣬷ſڼӰЩӰһɢĵа֮⣬ȴһŸʴԵĿ¶Һڿ۳֮״ɼֻиʴ֮аĹ
ʥֱһҫ֮УУЩҺȫûаãǿ붾Һĸʴȴˣֱһĺۼ
˶˵Ӱ⣬ûб塣ȭͷݺݵһ磬һ±㽫ߺȫһƬڡ
ǿʥҲȻУҲֻǱƤܵˣʹȻʹȴûսڿŭ֮һһ籩ʥС
ҶԶѾٷһʥ޾زʱתͷһۣӿ֮䣬ʥΧʱ⣬ȫ𵴣ղòһɿʥһԡ
жҶѾһöʥٴηǿķʥһȭһݺݵߵԴϡһ͵һһ±ˤڵϣסزȴٲܶˡ
ۼһｫ֮࣬ҶȴһȡĽѩȻϾѾʧһȣǸмħū覴ãȵӵȫ֮ʱЩź
ǰߣȴǿޱȣʥ羹Ȼʥ񲫶֮ǶҺеķҲȴҶ㿴ˡȡħѣٻħӣƬ֮󣬱ħ֮Уһ֣ȥߵڡ


567 ɱ޾
ɲ֮䣬ǽͻȻһ𣬽űͦϽڵƤʱһأƬƤ⣬ȴʾ֮ɫѪ֮䣬һ˿˿Ļ˿
ɼٻħ֮ǻһϵ
Ҷ㱾Ϊٻµħ֮ǽѩͱʧû뵽ϸһӦһﾹȻںħг˯ɴк棬ֱħڣǷὫѩߡ
һﾹȻల£߽к˯ûѩ
ʱҶҲûϸЩ£ߺת޾һЦ޾ڵ֮ɱ֮ʱû뵽нհɣ
Ҷ㣬Ȼ˵ã޾޺ҧǷ֮ʱƻĴ£ɾʥɱ˱ĶӣȻڶ࣬ʥҲôȴɱһ˳𲻹죡
ϧȴûᱨˣҶ˵ҽɱ㣬ҪѸ¡κ˵ַ˻ʥ򣬵ַҶأֻ·һһʲô˲õסҸŭ𣡡
˵գ͵һ֣ʥٵһ±㽫޾飬ȴһͷһ˦ҶǰҶһѾס޾ͷͷֻ֮ɫȻͣϡ
֪ˣαصҶЦһ
ԳͭʱŸۼҶɱ޾ʱһãȻҶеĺħѣȵʣӾ֮
ˡҶҡҡͷʥкħѣħ֮лħ֮ڽ֮ϣħ壬ʹ档֮ǰȴڳ˹ߵħūȻ̬ʵϻŵѾˡ
Ǻ档ԳͭͷʱѰƬ̺ԶҵһΣʱ䣬ŽƿȥһֻɶߵëԳ˳
ǾԳȴӦԳͭɱУޣޣ
Ҷ㼱æʥ񣬴Գͭȥ
ëԳμ壬ǽԳ֮䣬Ȼǰ˻ʥһֻԳԳͭޡϴСС˶ʮÿһ϶ǿʥԳʥסתʱԳѾһϢֻһ۵˫ۣþעԳͭȻѾٶȴ¶ϲ֮ɫص˵ͷ۾Ϣߡ
ޣޣԳͭˮۣʹšҺò׵ɣԽȳΪȴĽ
ѾҶųʥӦԳڵҡҡͷԳܵĥ̫ȴԪѾѷ
ڰ˳ɡֻܳ̾һԳͭǽʵļ
ˣԳͭͻȻתҶסͷǷӢۣȾҵްɣ
อȫ𻵣̫ã̫ءҶҡҡͷҲѾˡ
ԳͭޣӾһҪʧȥĸ׵ĺӡ
Ҷ㿴ɸŸᡣʱȴǸ˵ʱһԳͭ޵ʬ߰ɡһúðﲢʹ޵ĵطϢ仯ǿߣŲúڤʥǿ߾͸
ˣԳͭһҧҶһͷָԳ˵Ѿǽ֮Ǻħѻħ֮𣿡
ԳͭҶ̾˿ҲѾ߹㣬ĻҲֻǡ
ֻҪܻţֻҪһܿӣ͹ˣԳͭؽ
Ҷ㿴̾˿Ҫ޷ܾΪʵ̡һ֣ߣشƬ̺󣬱һħħע˺ħУųӿ˽Գ֮ڡ
գ֮䣬Գ۾͵һҲ۾ɫȴ֮ǰɫǻһƬڣڵͬޱߵĺҹԳԵһԾɸߵͦñֱ˫̧Ŵ͵ش£һ
ޣԳͭؽš
ʱԳȴʼ仯ԭɫëٵػɫԳʹ˱һֻԳߴ䣬ɢħ
ѾǡҶ̾һ˵һ룬ȴȵؿԳͷڵ۾ﾹȻ¶һ˿֮ɫֲ̧ظԳͭͷϣظš
⡭Ҷ㲻ɾĿɿڴȫ֪ô¡
ޣҵޣԳͭȴϲһԳĻУԳҲһѽס˷ܵ
ҶҡͷһЦȴɷЩ΢⡣޷ʵֻܹʥ޵ǿǡ֮Ũɡ
ҲΪŨѪ飬ʹԳ־ޱǿ󣬾ȻԿסħʹԼӵħͬʱԱԼ־
ֻߣʵֻħܵԳԭ־ĸȾԳͭΪճСۺԵһֻҲὫ֮ĸһ㡣ֻǵȴǷѡ
Σ֮ԳͭԸʵˣҶм㣬Գһ룬ڵҶͷԳ򹧾Ҷڵأʩ֮
˲ң˶ԳͭطԱ⽡׳˵
Щ»ȥ˵ɡҶһ֣Գ㱻˺ħ֮СһԳ룬Ȼûн֮ǰħūֻǽк˯ҶȴӦħڵĿռѾ޷µĸħūأħѵҲѾǲȡħūˡ
˼ħū˯УһһѾ㹻ǿˡҶ㽫ħȥԳͭ棬úػصǻ԰֮С
ҪߣҶȴͻȻӦǸߴʯһ£ţʯһѺۣһ͸λӢۣܷ˳ң
Ҷһֿһ䣬һͷãʲôˣ
άֲ˶ãȽҴߣһǣȻȴϢ
Ҷ㼱æʯһʥ֮УȴҲ޷룬֪ʯıʥǿߡ
Գͭǰһʯ̧ڼϣҶһǰȥñһƬ԰֡
ʱѾڵĸѾӦ԰һߵȵطɢʥ԰֣Ǵؾۼ˹Զ֧Բͬٶȴʥͬ͢ʱӦ֮еϢɱ
Ҷǰ޾ɫЦһ֮һǶã޾Ĵ治죬ҳʥ֮ʱ֮ɽɱǳƽڶ֮Ȼɱ򣬳֮Σ֣ʵǱ޳ܣɶҽˣҪһˣҲ֪΢ȴκǾǣ붯ܶߣ
˵ţ͵һ½޾ͷ­һʥţΧס԰ֵڡ
һۼ޾ԴĿɿڴЩ˵ЩΪʥߵĻͷ죬ȴһŵɫ޾ػ֮£ȻɱͷǱְ֮Ѿǰ϶֮ˣ
ͭߣ˭סǣҶЦһȥ
׽סǣ׽סǣһλʥߴӿʥҶ
Ҷ㶯֣ԳͭѾһһȭ˳ʥߵȭײԳͭȭʱһ춯һֱӷȭƣڣѪأδڵȴѾս
ԳͭȴŹ˳һ˹ȥֱӽʬʱײһƬ
ʱһȴʮλϵʥ߷ǧ
ȴһɱ
ͭǵɫƣҶ΢΢һЦʥֻħūһ˳


568 
ХҫۣҶֱȽöʥ׼ţŷӳȫָʥʹһʱ䣬￪һǿսʿ˽ֱ̿ӱ˲ͻ΢ʬҲû¡
Ľ죬ƴɱǰǻеʥɱҶ㣬ѾѩߺԳħūֱӴ췭ɣһغ
ʥֻħ֮ʥޣټҶԳͭһʲô˿赲
Գͭɱԣ˫ͨ޾ĥãеĺ޴йЩɱʱǾ޴ʯֱһһʥͷҳһࡣ
ԣʥǿֻħū޵а죬һɫֽ࣬סʱҶȴȴһЩ밵ڻײкȻըսʿֱը˻ҽţֱȡ¹ⱦٵӽʥһǿߣȡսʥħūޣſʯԳͭƿȺ۶ȥ
˵ûһ׷ʥ͢ȴѾɱҶҲǣֱԼһħٴ󣬽һ¶ص֮УͷҲصȥˡ
ˣʯҪˣʱԳͭ
𶪵ͳɣҶһʥԴԴϵش뵽ս֮Уʹսٶһ
ʱҲһսԶɱƴ׷ϣһɱкһʥͷųһʱҶսҶһöʥֶԳͭһö£ͬʱһʥһ޶ܣЩס
֮£˶ǺһҶ㻹ãֻѪ˿ԳͭȴֱһѪһѪȴּԣսϣ͵ػͷһһʱɫͨ죬·Ҫ³ʲôһ㡣
Ҷ֣ԳͭȴͻȻһſڣһʱֱźȥս֮һ±ɨУʱȼ
ʮֹ죬ֻҪմһ㣬ǻǾͻʱӵս֮ϣһգݳʥҲ⣬һʱ䣬׷սҳһţײ֮ҲвԼ
Ҷ㲻һ룺ѵҲţһ㷨һ壿
һ಻ĻԳͭɫһ±üҲ˼㣬ֻǿסսϵİ֣ٷκҶһ֮£æιһöʥԳͭɫŻָһգԼŪˣ
㾹ȻᷨҶ㾪㵵ʡ
һᷨһʥԳͭ˼غٺһЦǶС׻ʹЩӣʺʺġСʱ̰죬Ϊʲôӣ͸͵ˣ˶ٳҳһⶫǿĻԷԳŭ֮ҵ˺ҲǲᣬһʹþҪľաײá
Ѿ˰ɣҶеʡ
Сˣû¡ԳͭȻ˵ɫԿǷǳʹ࣬ɼʥﱬ˺ҲǲС
û¡ҶһУԳͭǸжæͣҹȥҲùⷨÿʮҲͺˡһ̫ƽͣһʱҲһȬ
ˡҶһЦһʥԳͭҽˣͬʱӿٶȣǰ壬ڤʥ򣬽ǿ֮С
ãʯˣʱԳͭһֻŵʯһѿȥһȫ鿪ʯ֮Уȴ¶һ׵ӰۿҲҪʯмһߣԳּͭۿ죬һѽ֮ץסػС
ȻиˣԳͭˣˣˣ
˵ݸҶ㿴
˵ʥһ޶ȳƺÿһӨ׵ĳԵüƮݣɫĳڿзţÿһž֮裬ֻǿķΪ֮
һŽ׵ޱӢûЩһ㿡ͬŮӣʧӵĸ֮
һ˼ҲҪġ
Ϣ΢Գͭǵ˵
ι¡ҶݸԳͭһöʥԳͭڳ˰쾢Ÿιȥ֮ӵӿһʥţ۾Գͭ׺΢΢һЦңˣлĴ
ǡԳͭҡͷһָ棬Ҷ˾㡣
˵ֽ̽͵ϣҶ㲢һ
ˣ֮ǰʯֻӦ˲֪볤࣬ŵˡǺᣬǳ֮
ʲôġҶָ֪Ǵ˶˵С£һЦʲôˣôᱻʯС
ҽе˵ˡʮǰһ뿪ҪطҵɹϢܵȴ޾Ĳ޶ӡΪڻͬ峷룬˲޶ӣͱ²ˡ
˵εһЦ޾׼Ǹɫ֮ͽҺȻģΪ˲裬ʹԼ⻯ΪʯһʮꡣҵѾľмʱ䣬Ҿͻȥػһʯû뵽ʱ̣ɱ޾ԱȣڵԽѡ
Ȼ£Գͭڳϸ̾
ЩأҶһ֪ǵ𣿡
Ӧػ򡣡˵ǵʱŴˣ粻ɻصѹҲҿˡ
ô£Ҷʡָѹ֮¡
һǿʥ˵ĵ֮С˵Ϊøޱȣ˳ʥ˻ǰԲɳǲĥ˲ž˻ʥѰ
ǵ𣿡Գ̲ͭסʡ
ǵġεһЦǸȶǿ󣬵Ӧ֮ǾһȴԷӳʮڶһʱγһǿȺ壬ǿʥߡҲǶԿֻǡֻƽʱϲɶӣҲԣԿ˷Щ˾ָı䲻˵ԣ͵Ϯ֣ʹǺް취
ҶȴһȱٵֻһǾۼһ֮ǰṩǿߡ
ͷˣұһӣǼ縺ʹҵȴҲǲ㡭
Ϊṩ֮ǷԸ˳ңΪЧҶͻȻڡ
㣿һ
ǡҶһͷȻֻʥ͢δ󽫾ְ֮ȴѾӵ磬Χһءҵսʿǿ˱Գͭһ㡣
һ˵һָָ
ǿ󣡡Ҷ㣬۾̲ס
Ҳƭ㡣Ҷ˵ҵľ࣬ʵԲǿѾʥһɴ־˲ɽĳޡҲ˹˳ң׳ҵʵͬʱҲṩǰ֮˫¡
ˡҶ㣬ҵǷĽһˡұ֤ҵ˵ʹūǵɵλͬȵѣˣҲܴӦ
һΪҶЦˡȻذ˻ʥҵأۿһ˵ɡ
Ҳáһͷ


569 Ѫ
Ȼһ·һֱڤʥľ׷ɱҶ㻹˳ػص˱߾з죬ȻһзشٴԽصء
һصأδ밵ޱ֮Уޱӭ˳һҶߵԳͭ͵ʱһǾҶȥһˣǾڵ֮
һӼҲҪΪ֮̾ˣŮ˼˼ûвġ
µҶ㻥֮󣬵ޱʩ
ˣˡޱ֪Լʧ̬æһЦŻ
ԳͭҲޱޱҶ֣һͬŰޱǷȥһ߷һ˵˿ˡ
ʲôˣҶЩţ̲סҲŽ
ñޱ˵
ҶЦˣԭǺúдˣʲôֲˡ
ޱֵصҶһۣľĲҲЩǡ
ô£Ҷʡ
мˣ˵ǲιһأÿ춢סǵˣ˽ʹ£֮ҪԼ£ᡣޱ˵ҶҾЩһ־ᶨΪһĳ羴˵Ҫ߼أ
ʲô˴󵨣˵ˣԳͭʱ۾һɣһҪƴļơ
û¡Ҷ˰֡Ҳ˭ȥɡ
Ҿǿ˳ۡޱš磬Ȼ˱ҸͷͿͰɡ
ҪҶЦˡ
Ҫߣޱ˵Ů̫ˡ
صޱǻʳ֮УһҶҾĺĳԱʱ˹ҶҶ㽫Գͭˣٽоһ顣
˵Ҷ˳㽫޾նɱڤʥдһǼֵﶼ˷ܵشֳƿ졣Īһؽе˻ʥһˣһԼбնɱǧ´̿ͣڤʥοǶˣ
ʲôôѽҲ˼һһ¿ʱñӰȴڴſڣһ߳Ҷ֣һЦ
ҶҾ˵ɫһǼֵܻһ˶塣
ñȴʲôҲûƵģֱҶߣٺһЦҶ
ôˣҶЦñк
ȻǱñЦ˵û뵽㾹ȻΧôһ۹أŶ
ˡҶ㵭ȻһЦȴԶ
ǹأñ˵ˣǱҪȥְ㶼ûȥǺأ֮ʱǶԿǲѽҲ̫ǣЩѽ²¿أ
ȥˣֻ·Ҷ˵ҿǲҲûܰΣһεºֻǸҽˡ
˼˵ȥɱڤʥ޾ˣ𣿡ñʡ
Ѿնɱ֮СҶ˵赭д·ڽһֵһ¡
ñ¶ȵı飬һţ⡭ôǿһѽҪ˵ǻԷʥ֮УҲǼѵ£˵˵ôѽ
ֻ˶ѡҶʵʵ˵֮ʱ޾ӵֳֻҲ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䣬ķѶܽڤʥ򡣡
Ҳһأñ˵öʱɰܵģԼʵҲʲôʱǡǡأҪʲô˰ڤڤаһУأ
Ĵָؿ佱Ҷ㡣
ΧȴһƬۡȻһֶζҲʹùˣ֪һֻΪ£ԼҶҾü󣬶ɰŮǺøȫޡ
ʱñĿƵ˵ϣ͸֮ɫ;ȵĹâλ˭úӢֱҪ˼Ҷأ
ŵһ񣬡µˡ
ۣñоȻҲô˴ڣ˴۽ѽ
ʱ̲סӣ磬ʥҲܺǸʲô˵Ǹʱôɵģ
ӵһۣ˵ʲô
˵Ҳͦġ֪𣿡ǶʱҲ˹ʵ
Ǿǣôĥô֡Ҳŵͷ㿴ĵ˵ʥԳЩʥޣһɡɸߵģǵɶΰʥӣǸ
⼸ĻΧ̲סЦˡ
Գͭε죬֪˵ʲôá
һ£Ȼǵ֮ЦţȻȴʥźͶǵԶ棬塣ǲʥ˽ϵĲԼ己γɡ
壿Ҷһ
ֹǡ˵壬ʵᡣǲܱ仯ΣʹΣ
˵ţͻȻһâҲǹâ֮б仯̬һ±仯һֻһɶ೤İɫһɢһʥϢ˹֮̾
Ƭ̼䣬ָֻԭ״΢΢һЦֻǶʱǲǰ¶Ȿ£֮ʱǻΪǾˣΪǾʥޣһֱ֪ˡ
ѹѹŶñͷһ۽ӡ
Ҷȴ񣬵ȴƳ˱仯ӣɸоӦ֪£֪˵ĴڣԼҲвˡ
ǵˣڶأñʡ
Ȼˡ̾һǹżޱȵӣ˴ӦҪǳǰ֮ء
ѽñ̾һЦҶŶһｫٶһ֧͸ȹˣ˼Ҫϲ
ݺ顣ҶһЦĿɨ仯䣬΢΢һ漴Ҷ˼˼ЦЦ֪Լڡˡǰ˵̫ˡ
ǸҶö˲أ˼ȤľǵĳǳˣֽʵۣȻͬʱ˺ÿͺ㣬أñֱɾʱȽת֪ôѽ
һ֧רŸĶ顣Ҷ˵ǶǷˣԭǻˣ类˹ռ֮ʧΪȣǾרΪЧˡ
лĻܲܽǽ˼һðñ˵˼סЩǳذᰡһȶûƷζòʵأ
лᣬҲ޲ɡҶ㵭ȻһЦ
ñٺٵЦţͻȻ˵ʵ˼ǰѾؿˣҲӦˣֻǾҶڴ˵أ˵ִûЩΣԲŴڡҶȻˣ˼ҾͲء
ҪߣҪǻҪ㣬Ҷڵһ¡סˣ
ñЦ˵˼ҼҲһµ˼ȥأ
ôΪаɡҶ˵ֻ±֪²֪񡣡
ѽñЦ˼Һþöûвμϯأ
ޱ΢΢ü룺ߣⲻǼ籧ԹûдŮˣᣡ
Ҷһ£ʱæµ֮󣬾粼׵һ˷ֱҶñϯ˵Цޱǲڡ
Ҷס֣·ڸҲί߰ˡ
ޱЦˡ


570 飿壿
û뵽ԭ֮лĳԱŶϯ䣬ñŵ˵
ֻǵЦȴҲ˵ʲôˡ
ӦҲʥս֮ʱ֮ӿռ֮˱仯ʹһЩɡҶ˵
пܣпŶñͷôʥˡʥȫ֣ö೬ʥпǴ֮ƽ⣬ʹһЩռͨͻȻ֣ͨ˸أ
˵ţת֮лʲô𣿡
ʵѾԼΪˡ˵֪ٴĻѪѾͬȻҶ֪Լû˽ﵱԼļˡ
ˡñͷǳȻиġţʵмĲʥʥ֮أû಻ϵսӶʲôġ
ֻЦҲ˵ʲô
ȾƺȾƣĪܴŹתƻ⡣
õأñϣЦžף˻ʥ֮üһΣȻڱ˼ҵʥ֮ɱ˱˼ҵҪʥأ
ûһǼҵֵܾͼһվǶ˵ı£˸ΰҵĸ˵
ǾǣǶȸŵͷǾ;һ
ҲƶΪ𣿡ԳͭеɻʡѵҲΪȣ
ǵȻЦ˵Ƕˣǻʥ򡭡
ӿһһۣʱܲǰ˵Цǻʥв֪ĵطӡأ
ϴ˼ҾûüءñʱͻȻڣЦ˵ܲ˵˵ҶʱӢ׳ٰ
ûˡ
Ҳûʲô˵ġҶһЦ׹ﵹһЩϣ֪ܷǿ۽磬Щ켸ʥҲǸһѧϰĻᡣ
ѽ˵ñЦŰ֣˼ʲôţе岮Ӳ˼Ƴ˼ͷ¶ģȻԼĹҲȫƵ˼ʵ˼ûôгǰæûǣ˼ʲôҲɵġ
һɰЦݣҲʮֳϿңȴΪ˵ġ
ԽˣҶľԽأԽôŮɲ⣬֮
ҪҶ˼ҲҪأñԼת⣬
һ˾ٱЦ𣬶Ҷ˴ƯĴɱ
ԳͭǼҼֵܵƢͶȴĵ̫ó˵ȴҲ˵û꣬Ҷһ㽵ٽԼ֮дɱķ˵ѪڣñҲסƻ
һϯڻЦ֮нñھ֮ȴûиǣҪҶһ鰵ޱǡ
ռŻ£û֪ޱĽҶ㡣
úáҶӦ
ñһֱű𴦣·ûӦ˵Сһ㡣
ɡҶޱ֣ñһͷ
ǸܲиأñЦųޱ˵˼һЩܵĴҪҶ˵ʥ͢;йص飬ʥĴ֪أ
ðޱЦɿҶ֣һҶ㼫ĵӣȴĴҶһ磬ŮӾúܣСıĵ
Ҷ㵭һЦޱգգ۾ñһȥˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬֮⣬ñһܣһߵͷ̾ҲأȻһȺͬʥ˾һ㡣
ֻ̫˳֮ԣȴޱǷҲȴҪѲٹҶ㻺˵
Ҷǵ˱˻ñЦ˵ǧѵصսʿǧ˾ţһӾʵ׳أ
ҶЦЦ
Ҷʵ˵дҪշ𣿡ñʡ
շɻʥ͢ͼҶ
ѽֻͲ˵ЩϵĻˡñţ˼ҾͿԺ̹Ŷ˼ҵ־Ҳ˻ʥ磬ҲҪûüҳΪ˻ʥдʥ壬ΪʥĹǧ֮󶼱ʥߴ̣˼ҵҰ
̹ϡҶЦ˵
Ľ֮˵ȻҪ̹ñЦ˵ɫȻ΢΢е㷢죬ͻȻʣҶ˼˵ʵǲѾ
ֻ⣬ȴһζҶҲ̲סͷһ
ʵʲô˼ȴװɵ
ѽҶ滵ñ¶һߵӣģ̲סһһѽסĳ嶯
Ҷȴ裬ǿнĵ׵ĳ嶯ѹȥ֪ñʱ¶ֻԼʹĳֶΡ
ҶûлӦñҧҧ촽̧ͷ߿һۣʣҶ˼˵ʵңϣ᲻ᡭ᲻ϲң
ӦûɡҶͷûѡ
ñϲ˼Ҿ֪˼ֻǳֵǱȲŶ
ҶֻǵЦӻ
Ҷʵ˵ҲԸϲң㡭ñͷһɬģ᲻ԸҲ˼ҡҲ˼ҡ
Ҷ㵭Цţñ⸱ģȴҲ̲סҪ
㡭ǻñŵһۣȻ˵Ҷ˼ô
ܺáҶ˵вŻб£Ǿ֮š
˼ҲŲҪЩñ̾˿˼ʵĽϣһĵ۰һֻֿԸԼһ
ʥ֮ӢܱҪһ˲ѡֻ±ֻҪ¶һ˼ŰݵǰɡҶЦ˵
˼ҪĲŲЩûõļһءñš
ǱҪʲôķأҶֱӰѻñɫɸˣѽ۸˼
̫ˣʮޱҲһ
ҶƫƫһףֻЦǺǵؿѵҪĲһһλֳ𣿡
˵ˡñװתת˹Ҷ㣬СʣҶʵ˵˼ʱĸоأ
ΪˡҶش
ֻ𣿡ñʡ
˵ʲôҶʡ
ûСûж˼Ҷ𣿡ñ˵˼ô˵Ҳмɫ
ֹǼɫҶҡͷ˵ɫʮֻ֣һ˾ռ֡
Ҷ˵ñЦˣôҶʵǶ˼˼ֻ㲻ϳϣϲ˰ɣ
ҶЦ
ҶñͻȻó˿ҲüһסҶ˫֣˵ʵ˵˼ҵһμεĵطҲֻһ档ҶʵҪǿֻܶԸԸ⣬ԸϳΪá
⻰˵ȻҪί¼֮ȴѾʮˡ
ɱκһˣֻ´ʱѰѳֲס
ʥдŮӣüҵƶˣȻԸί㣬һİһŮһ޸㣬㲻ģ
Ҷȴֻоз


571 
Ҷʮñʲô
ֻ˲žͰˣͱͳһüңʹһüҳΪ˻ʥĴ֮һοɼһߣ˸濴ɰ򵥡ǽü򵥣ֻ¶Ҫһ
ȻΪĿͲܲ˸е־ˡ
£ͲͱˡҶ㻺˵һԣȻҲùüһʥ壬ҲĴ֮һ෢ͻȴʥ򶯵£Լˡ
˵ţɫسָԶǱһƬ˹ȣûȤȥһ
ñҶ㣬仯ԭ͸һ˿΢΢һЦ˼ЩˣֻȥúϢһ¡
Ҫ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǰñͷôãеҲ˼ǣҲءպԵټɡ˵ţҶһЦͻȻƿռȥȻתۼ뿪˰ޱǣߵúˮ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷһѾص˻ʳǡ
ޱʱӭȵʣô죿
ŮӴ󲻼򵥡Ҷ˵֪ӦΪĿĲֶεˣû뵽㳹סŮʵɳΪۡ
ʲôޱ뿪Ц˵Ƕʹ˼ưɣ
˼ƻҶһЦȻʾԸһ¼޸ҡ
ʲôޱɫһ䡣
ҵȻͬˡҶ֣ҽҲֻôһλӣҲֻһˣĻжİȥָˣ
ޱЦˡ¡ñ̫ǿˣԼı¡òκŮ˵һ޴в¼ܾܾñģҲֻҶһ˰ɡ
㲻𣿡ޱ̲סЦ
еˡҶⶺȻȥѻñ׷ɣ˵űɡ
ɣޱʱҶȴЦҶһۣˣ
ҶЦЦʱĪӭ˹֪ҪԼ
һ£ô죿Īܿżɽһ˿գλŮôˣ
šҶӦһ·˹ȥ̸ֱһ£ǵһˡЩðգȴҪó׼
ȷʵðաĪܵͷڲǿ˺ʥޣɲⲿЩ˹һ㡣Ҫȥȷʵó׼ȷˣ㱨Ǹٻ֮Ѿ˼ۼһˣ㲻ʱ䣬Ҳ͹ȥ˲ĵرҪʥˡ
˭Ҷ۾һһĹС
塣Īܻش
Ҷ㼱æʡ
һĪ˵һĺ¡Ҫ֪Ϊʥսʱ̫أѾȫٲ£ѾӦһ䡮ײβˡӵһͷʥôʵ׳С£ؼһͨ幵ͨѺùϵ
ٺЦЦǼӵ°ʱǵɾĸǹʥҲǹʥ͢ˡ
ʥ֪͢ۼ޴𣿡Ҷ̲סʡ
ѵã˵ʥ֪͢ۼ壬Ȼʹ֮ٳʥȻʥ֮͢УĪ˵ӣͬʱҲͨ壬ǿǡ
Ǹԭ򣿡ĪһЦʹٻ֮ϣҿû֮ͬҲſʼʹãȻŴ֪ʵ⿪ӡͷħ֮ʱͿʼΪ㰲һˡۼϵгִ˵£㡣ĴĶǻǣƵľ棬顣
ʦǡҶһж
ԼڵۼʱԵ֡δ֮ʱ𣬱һģڿȴӦڰвһУʹԼյõ
ģǵʱǰ棬ȴԼʥ֮棬۹ⲻνԶ
ѾˣʥǱ취Ī˵˵ֻҪʵ׳ΪĴԿĵô㲻ʥ͢ɷǿнۼϵķԼߣҲû˻ҹ㡣
ʥҲʵޱҡͷһ̾
ʥҲˡĪһЦ˼һжԹ𣬶ʥ֮ݵġʥ˲ȷ˸
ȽҶ˵飬ǽܸ¡ȻҪ취ֺһѶӹӽʥ֮ĵطǽٶҲࡣ
⵹ǡĪܵͷȻǻʥ򣬵ȴʥ֮ۼڵƫԶ֪֮ǿ˼ʮأ½Ұɣһá
ȴҪӭӡҶһ˵һŰٻ֮ŵĵطȥ
ȴǰߵİޱǣڴ󷽵硣ÿռŻ֮󣬽رصһУڳޱȵ֮УȻһٻ֮š
ҶǰһʱޱȸӡĪʥ֮дʱ䣬Ҷޱͻٻߵķȴޱᳵ·شٻ֮ţٵؽۼǵӡ
ʱҶҲӦһɹǿޱȵѾڵ˼㣬ֻ²֮תΪʥҲ˵зҪʥˡ
ӣмʱܷˡĪһ߸Ӧһ˵š
ȴ̫ˣҶ㼱ɴ˵һ̧֣֮ȡһʥⳤǵʱ֮ʱҶһλʥнɻȴЩʹõʥҪǿö࣬ʱҶʥֱӽһʥɳ˵һ´ٻ֮С
һôʱ䣬Ȼڱ˻ʥǿϲɺأȴѾȲˣ̷ɣ
˵֮䣬ǹǿʥѾңԶĵۼϣһ´ڡʱٻ֮һ߾͸Ӧޱǿȴ֮һת䣬ֱӻʥһңңдҶ֮ɴЦҹ
һĹâ֮䣬һϤ𣺡Ҷ㣬ˣˣ
ɲǼ䣬һٻ֮һڴͣסǹâȴ¶һֻʮɳɫȴ
һҲˣҶЦ˹ȥ򼤶ޱȵؽ͵һһȻһĳ󣬴Ц˹һ½Ҷס
㡭ҶޱĪܶһ
û뵽ɣЦţҶļ米ʵ˵Ҳû뵽ڷ֮ʱҵͷ˱仯ʱΣʱΣһӦңԶĲ֪֮һҵûǿҲôУҾѰϢ˳ٻˣ
һĪһѵǱʥ򡭡
ǹСӦһ䡣
磡ޱĪܲԼͬؽг
ʲô磿һãȻȫȻ֪˵ʲô
˺ˣЩ͡Ҷļ磬󣬵ͷ΢Цû뵽㾹Ȼ䵽ۼǵ壬ϲľϲ
Ҳ⣬ֻ˷ܵشЦ
ΪΣ壬Ͼʥе۷壬ʱɢǿϢȴҶ㲻¡
ٱǿĪһʱ棬̲ס˵


572 ž
ɶ۾һһ˼ɶģ
һ£λĪܡҶЦ˵֮ǰʥľ
ϣʥ˰ʱЦ֡û
Ҿ뿴κǲǱθǿ󡣡Ī˵
Ȼǿˣһ˵κ󰡣Ҿ͸оССǲأ
˵ţͻȻٺ˼һ֮㻯Ρʱһǿʥɢ鲼磬ʿӦ򣬻ӣǿǳ۷塣
ǿĪֻһֵ
ȷʵǿ󰡡ޱͷ̾ţֻʥҲˡ
尡Ī˵δʥ֮ʱƽƽ棬һʥʱԾһ㣬Ϊվʥ۷ϵǿߣĽ
УͻȻԼһ±ñʥ˻ҪǿָоǺã
ʥ֮УǷʥѺദΪǳأҶ뵽һ£ʱĪܡ
κһʥ֮У嶼ǾԵˡĪҡͷ˵٣ʥս֮ʱȫԼһսɱ֮ʣ޼һе壬䲻ٲʥΪˡֵǣЩûвսʥҲزˣȴ֪ô¡
ҵһ㿴ͻȻڡ
ʲôҶЦʣĪܻҪ˽ʥеƵġ
˽ʥ˵ǹҸее֮⡣ԼӦܾܱȥܻصĸ׻һ㡣
򣿡ҶĿһ
пܡĪܵͷҲʥ޺壬е飬ڲ֪ʲô䵽ʥУֿʼٻǻع˰ɡ
ôأٺһЦûӰ¾ͲҪˣȰǰþˡҶ㣬±ôѣ˲˵ܵȰŪɣҸоʥ֮ǿֻܵò˼꣬Ҳȫʥߣ
ȻǵһҪĴ¡Ҷһͷھһ£
ռ֮ҲʥҪʥֻʥ˷ɡ˲۶ǿҪʹÿռŶ޿ܡҶ㵱Ǳϵʥǿռţ֮ʱɢϢ켣ġѰ֮š˲ſӵۼϡ
ȴҲ޷˶ֻǷ֮ӳޱһ֮һʥ켣ҶߡȻûٻ֮ƣۼңԶСǣ˵ȴʥ֮ƣȴȻЧͨĳҪÿռŻֱǴ˴ȴ첻ֻʥÿռŻԽ֮ǰɡ
ǲÿռŻҪʥ䣬磬ٷɵңԶеһ
ʥ׼ʥȴԶֱܽӴʥ֮С
ʱҶѾ˿ռŻҲٻ֮ţȴֱӽ˴ԵۼȻزʥ򣬵ȴ֮УʥԶʤСǣܵ˴ȴʹٶȼһһʥҶһ
¶ڵҶ˵£ʹþ¯ٻ֮죬˿ռ֮Žռͨͬۼֻʱ䣬ͨͨǵĿռͨʥٻֻ֮Ҫһ߷ͨһߵķ˱ͨн룬˵أơ
֮ͨҶĵһ±ҶͥҪۼ˾ۼһһδҶͥõһϢ˷ܵҲ˵ͷʱȥ¡
ʣµ±ˣҶͥܿ콫һ˾룬һҶ򷢻ٻ֮ŵʹһһͨ硣
Ҷ˴λģȴֻԼɲ¦֮ЩѹˣȴСۼҲҪǿȴҲ֮ǡЩȻ޲ӣʾҪҶ㿴õۼǡ
Ҷͥɭӷ򸾡顢Ч͡䡢ӡСŦǧԼ˪ʮҶӵ֮ϡһ֮УʱӦгʥ֮һɷ
Ļ²ܳʥɷ˷
СʵЩ仯ε˹˵Сеٰʲôаħָ
㡭һ֪ϢǸеޱϤļһ˭Цһ»ָΣĿɿڴ
Ȼ㣡
ɲңҲ֪Լᣬܱ仯Ρ飬ĸҲˡúɣʱҲһô˵

֮̾ʣҶͥȴѾҶ㱧һʣû뵽ֵôˣ
ɭһĿҲǱһ𣬼ѡޱޱס᣺ΪˣΪˣ
Ǿٲֿˡޱһһ˵úҲܳΪʥˣʱǻصʥ֮УҲžһ𡣡
λĪʱ˹˽ͣ⴦طΪ磬Ҷ󽫾Ĵ󷲼֮һﲢʥ򣬶ֻ򡣲˵ʥʥ֮ҲŨڴ°빦
ȴϤһɡҶЦŷʥһ磬˽˵ֽ磬Խռ֮ţĴתһȦڰޱܡ
ȻǶǷˣҶѣһǿޱȵʥ߼ǣȴֻйʺãûһ˸ҶװʲôʥϡһʥǳֵܣһоĪҫ
Ŧ棬ţǸˣƾһССԪӦˣʥƽƽ
ˣ˪ʮ͸ǼˡԭϣҲûУֻʱҶ㣬ȴܳΪǿߣǽ򣬵õ˸õᣬһܼ˶ʥߣֱһ㡣
ڰޱϣĪܰź˾磬úõдһ١һʥͬ˶оҫޱȣսս̲סӴЦжڣЩҲһΪʥˣ£ͱô˰ɣ
ʥ߸һͷǣſ
ֱһֱһɭҡͷԵأȴڲסֹ
ʥ˺Ȳʥ˵ľƣ˿ɾͲһˡ˷ܵټЩɾƼȣһˡĿģĿ֡
֮⣬Ҷ㽫һ˶硣Ǵ󷽣Ҳȫĵط˵ҲģһѶǿʥߣһԸõָ
ʮλʥʦУҲλǳɫʦΪֺҶ㣬ȻȫԸذæÿ˲ͬص㣬ΪƵҩȺ˵İæҶܻʥǿм˹ıˡ
ҶҲûţ˰úú㿪ʼԶ׼һ׼ҪһѰʱȴ֦
գ¾Ȼˣ֮ǰĻһλʥ͢ʥʹ
ʦô£Ҷ£ȻǸ˵ģеʥʹȴüʥʹҪʥʵּʱҶüͷøˡ


573 
ҶѰ֮ʱʥȴͻȻּ⣬ȻҪҶ㸰ʥ̸ʥ֮¡
ʲôô¡³ҶһЦԼµԼ֪ʥ֮ȴѾˣһ֮ƹʥӵĹǸ
˵ţȴ͸һĨο֮ɫΪԼĵӸˡ
´ô죿Ҷһ
ȴ˴ȥġ˵ǹʥǱߴϢʥ֤֮˷ܵòˣһõĻᣬԲŽּȥ¡֪ģҪǿǿΪ֧ǣ˰㣬ǰ˴£ǿɾǴһʷ棬μǡ
ô˵ʦҲȥҶʡ
ȻΪԵ˵Ҿ벻йؼǺ£ֻкôûл
ʥˣءҶЦ˵
ޣµһۣЦˣΪǲ֪СѾ͹ʥİȳ˺ѡ
ҷûֶҶЦһ
⻰˵ˡµһЦʥ˵֮СңԶǿҲв򵥵һ
Ҷ㻺ͷ
㣬ʵѾǰ빫ܡ»˵ȴʼû֪ܶΪʲô𣿡
һǲûȷ֤ݣǴ̫ǿ󡣡Ҷ˵
ܶԡµͷʥв˼ȴ׶֣µľǶҡ˱ĸĿǰʥ˵Ҫǿǿһĳ̶ȣ¶ʱʥʾͻԴˡ
ҲԸ⿴ġҶ˵ͷ
Ǿһν̸̫ͻȻЩܾʲôطԣ벻
ʥΪʥͣ˵ţһƽҶ㡣ȴһռ䷨һ޴Ŀռ䣬װ˸ָĵر֮ʥ͸ֵҩϡ
Ҷ֣ﾹȻһ顰Դˮ
һԴˮ밲͸һȣȴִһ࣬ҶȻĶ޲ֱ̰ԼСȻô
һЩ䱦УҲҶ㲢ûмģϸӦȵʥ֮ȻҲǼĶ
ȥʥҪ¶һЩȨҲҪύʥѾʥʹһȥ˹ʥΪ㸨·㵽һʥʹİţЩﰴЩȨĵλͬ͹ȥ
ˡҶͷ
˼գһ߽Ҷõǣһ߽ʥǱߵ㵽ǲĺӶԳŵĸһ㣬ֻһˣٳʲô״
ҶҲûţ⼸һµĽ⣬һʹþ¯ս죬һ󳵼ǿһһ㣬ϼʮ˾⡣
ʵʹùսǷ㣬սҶսƷγʹʥΪǽˣǳ󴬶ȥʥһΪҶǹҫսʥ򣬲÷Ź֣ȴ͵սһЧˡ
ҪսǿɲһһϦɵĻֻʮλʥʦæϸҲһɡ
Ӧ֮ãôһҲ͹ˡ
ΪӦ֮ãȴôۼҶԼüʱһȴǾȲԣ̾Ҷ֮š
󳵳֮ʱһ˶˹ʯһĺͬҲŴ˹ڿ֮ȴüͷ壬׷ͬĸĽ
ȺȻǽ罳һ;͵Ĺ򣬶ʥʵҲ͵Ĺ򣬶ȴǹͨҶ⳵ãȴӽݣëĻᡣ
⳵ǿǿǴ󣬿ϸڲɰʯһҶʥ˻ˣȴʲô˵ֱһ⡣࣬۲㣬ֻעʵԣȴۣĳǿе㡭
↪¡˵һüʲô¾ʹ
ʯһָŴ˵Ҫһ¡ɣҶʥһ飬֤һùʥ˶Ľ÷ĳ
㲻˰ɣҶһЦ
ҪãȴնͬʯһĽ顣˵ûʱܵ˰˻ʥӡֻһݣȴԷӳǰ˻ʥʵˣҲá
ԵģԵģǲǾɣΪҪƥأֲǻֻʥһֶԲԣȻҪЩôǵľ⡣ǵ⣬ͱ뿼Ǿ⡭ʯһЦŵͷһѺӢ
µ֧£Ҷֻ˳ʯһ⣬ʱ󳵡ԼҲòϣʯһʱôΪͬݻŹش棬ʵͬͬһƷ̵ͬһСݡ
ʯһǸ˲šҶ̲ס̾úɣȡճʥʱֶֻһԱţȴʡء
һһʯһõҶĳޣ˷ܲѣһͷ
˴γУޱ֮⣬Ҷ㻹ĪܡٺסǼۡѩӰ㡢Գͭ
Ͼǳеǿдڵʵ̫ȴһΣգжȴǿҽ֮齨ġȻ֮⣬ֻޱѩ㹻ˡ
˻ʥˣһֱǸȵĶ󣬵ﲻһǡͬʱҲЩӵ˻ʥǳЦĶ˻ѵ֮Ȩõ˵òóԲ˵Цһ塣
ǵĿУε໰˵˾ޱȶġ
ҪμγУΪľЩһǺúÿһ˵ġǲһȺ֡߹壬壬ĳЩʥеʥ˻ʥʥǻһĲ
һҪϢʥʱ档ᵽʱЩȥһֱ˲˽⣬Ȼ֪ĸ߹ߣʵȴĺᡣһϢԴ³ʱȡһֶӦʥһ޶ʱȴӦòȡһַҲ»˵ʥʣǸոĴơ
ǱáҶһЦĶϣ
һо֮Ҷһг󳵳ˡΪһ٣;Ҳįڳ̸̸ЦЦһ£Ҳܴʱ䡣
֪䣬Ѿ˰˻ʥ򣬶˹ʥ֮С
˻ʥʹҶõϢʥ߾ǰվʱƹǰվĽʱ
˵ʹǸ˰ӵļһһ߲һʱߡ
ǵġսʿصͷǾǵ֮Ⱥء
а˻ʥʵ𣿡ʡ
ĩûȨЩŵսʿЦһ
˵ҲǡǽӲͷƤ뿪ǰվ磬ɵǿ֮Сһ߷ɣһ̲ס죺Ҳ֪Ǹʲôɱһ֪᲻֮أ
ǰȴһΪͣǿеһ󳵡һ˲䣬ΪԼˣ۾ȷʵһޱȵԵüΪŵĳݺ󣬲ɰ룺һǲˣ߲ǰ˻ʥ˰ɣ˻ʥȱ˲ôƳĳݣֻ±ʥʵĳҲ˰ɡ
λۼǽԶݳĪܲһЦһ֣˻ʥʹҶ㽫С
áõġǽĨһѺɻǰ˰˻ʥ֮󣬼æС
ӱŹʥȥ


574 ʥ
һ·ؿҪƾŰ˻ʥɵͣҶһͨ˹ʥ֮С
֮ǰڤʥΪȥɱˣҶҲû̫עʥڵĽ֮ĶδɵʣҶȻ˸һŷ֣ʥȣ˻ʥֱ̫ˡ
˵ЩȨСһĹۼ˵һֱеķ;լӣеİ˻ʥ硣˵˻ʥʲôȵģҲֻһЩǰϽˡֻ֮ȻʥȣȴδΪԶԵòɣЩ
ʥ֮ڹӴٵ֮£Ҷһʹݡһ·ϰӽϾʱȴΪǹʥʼ٣Щһ֡ùӴ֮࣬Ҳð˻ʥһ˱е⡣
УҶһ̽·̵ʥʹۣһŨüۣзȡҶĳʱҲΪǹʥʼ٣æӭ˳ȿµǰ˻ʥʱϼֱЦ˻ǵؿеĹˣƺ˵˰ɣǰ˻ʥ磡
һ֣ȷҲй˵Χۣһ̾УҶ˴󳵣һ۽ݺ۲ɴЦ˵Ҷ󽫾̫ʥˣ㲻֪ҳʱȺ˿ҵ񣬺ߣֱڿҪģ
ҶһЦ»øлʯһ󾫣󳵿ûô磬ֻڹʥϣһЩЦˡ
˼䣬˽֮۶ҶǹĿ࿴ˡĿⲻסҶһɨ͸֮ɫ
Ҷ󽫾Ȼλʥ˻磬ȫܸǹκһɸ̾λָŵ˵һֵܣôô
״ˣһʥʿķԸҶ֪˵¶ѾԼʡһǸӣҲǴϹ˵Ļ⡣
⵹ûˡһЦʥʷԸúס¹پҶ󽫾ǰվҶ󽫾ĴֵġҶ󽫾кֻܷԸ¹޲ӡοǸʥˣ
һ˼Ҷô壬Ҳ˺øУЦǼֵܸսʱ£۾ԲѪڲסֽкá
ᵽɱڤʥ޾֮£ȴŵòᣬҶ㣬ֱܵǹƥɱһʥȡһĥκ¶ԴţΨ»ûţвɸΪ𺳣Ҷֶ˼ֳ羴
ʱݵȴ˵й˭ȴֲ˵ֻ˵ҪҶ㡣
ڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡ҶһͷҪȥ
磬Сġޱæһ䡣
ɶЦˡǱ㲻𣿡
ϰԵĶޱһЦ
˼ҾǱһ¶Զ˵ĶѣŴʲô֡Ц
һݻĴ֮ڣֻһͷʥߣѾºҶ㻺ǰһЦǰ
Ҷ󽫾Ǵˡ˻תЦŽͷƵ¶һԲϵӢϷǰȡ
Ҷ㿴ֻ˷棬һƸ˲õȣȴʵǲԶˡ
үҶ΢΢һЦ˹֣ȱ㼱æֻ񣺡Ҷ󽫾ˡ;Ҷ󽫾ˣ
£Ц˵֮ǰ£ðҶ󽫾¡
ûʲôҶһЦȻѾѣôȥ²Ҳա
ȻȼæͷȻйͻҲйѵõҶ󽫾ǸǾνɱĻᣬʹǷǾ޴飬ѾתͶµơһʵ׳ȴΪˡ
ҶֻЦ˵ʲô
ˣʵһ¡ת⣬Ҳһ֮°ǼһһҶ󽫾Ҫ׼
үڣΣҶ˵
Сô£ЦǼһȻܴҲ⣬۷ڣձԲСﰡѾ˳ܴпܶ㰵֣Ҷ󽫾ǧҪСĲǡ
үİɡҶ㻺˵Ҷĳֻһˣڱʥн磬ڶǰǧֻҲҡ
⻰˵һɽӵİҲ磬ͬʱҲʵһҶ󽫾һԣ˵ͻȥڤ޾ʵǱڸдģ֪
ҶЦˣʥҲܵò֢֮
漴ɫ˵Ļ֢˵á붨޾˲֮£ҲԲŽʥҲáҲã޷Կ֢֮Ҫɡ֪ʬǷã
ȿҶ㣬͸˾֮ɫҶĻѾ˵úˣȲɵϣȻó
Ҷ󽫾ġȿҶ㣬ȴԻ̲סʡΪ̫𺳣Ҳ̫˼ˡҶôʾȴǲҶܰ쵽
ٳˡҶĻ΢΢һЦ˼һЦ֮ˡȲǴˣȻס
ƣҲЩ΢˵ʥʱѾһǧŰٶˣѾ˽֮ʱòʮǰһλӣֻڽ֮ǰ֮һͳķǿߡ
ҡͷһЦʥλ֮ʱʵ̫̰ͼˣĽѾǰȴ»ǧ̫֮ڲʮ̫꣬ףʥʵѾԳʱֻּٻһ漣ˡ
̫ײ£ʥ޷ٴһ̣ȷʵҪȺȨҶ㻺ͷ
ˣҲܴٳɴ˴ν֮¡˵ʥҲŽһ⻼ٵһλѣٿʹⰲҵ뷨ȴֶһء
ҶһЦү֮λɣ
ȲЦҾ֪ƾҶ󽫾ֻ׳־ߣҵ뷨
˵Ҷ󽫾򣬲ǲҲǴСһ˼
ҶЦЦδ˵ʲô
Ҷ󽫾ģ֮ϣһȫְ֧˻ʥ򣬵ͬġȿҶ㣬˵˻ʥ򡪡Ҷ󽫾ȫ֧֮λ
ȻҶ㻺ͷֻүΪ֮ȴҪ顣˻ʥȻƶҶĳҲһΣֻʥһΡ
΢Ц˵⻰ȴöȵͷһ
СȻţҲ֪ҪԶšȺǺǵЦšҶ󽫾ͷİɡչдȨգ˻ʥҲܵõ޴ĺôҶ󽫾ʱҪСһİСҲ岻ݴǡ
⻰˼˭סǽҶԼΪһ֮ѣΪҶҲǴ˶ʥȨ
ҶҲ˹ʥ֮еơء֪޲ԡȴҶԹʥ֮ڵľ˸˽⡣ǾŶԣЩǵУЩѣȴŶ֮֡
ͬʱҲûĽȷ֮λ˼ģùʥеĸһֻ΢ƽ⣬ԼֻҪǸƽ㣬ڸ֮䣬ݹʥľƣӶʹʥò˻ʥ


575 
˶֮ҶޱһλߣҪԼߣһ¹ʥķ羰
ȫԡ߼æͷ
ʲôޱһЦ
λɱٳǵˡ߲ź˵Ϊʥʼٽϣ𲻱Ҫ鷳
áҶ΢Цͷûͨĳݣ
СУ˶ȵķԸҪú̷λʥĹͣæͷʱһǳҲ˰Ҳֻһƥѡ
ʵмƥҪΪ⡰һ͡һ˿˾ׯصװΰˣҪ˵ʲôôĻô󡣾ûӱҲһƶ
߼ųŶڽתһȦʵ˵ʵҲֻתΧһƬѡ
ʥ֮Уʥ֮ȴȰ˻ʥΪŨҲˣʥߺʥҲԽࡣʥҲͨ䳵һ㣬ֻٶȶУһȫûκοܡ
ң־޴֮£ҲɲȻֻתһȴҲȥʮʱʱŻصݡ
һصݣ洫֮ԼȴǼֵܵҶޱһæڶȥ˰˻ʥһסԺ֮С
ʱҶҾһУǼĴվԺ룬ĪܡٺվԺһŸ첲һ˫֣һҶ㲻ɸе֣ٺ׵ˣôĪء֪ԴΪصʥǿҲסˣ
ԺӵһߣվһȺˣʮ֮࣬һֺ·ȫ¾ǵλߡʵǿһ㣬˶б۾ġ
м䣬һ̧ľСΣһλʮбϣһСͦӢ۾ȴ¶һ˿˲İ֮ɫվԺǼֵܣͬߵԺǼֵܶŵĸ󺺡
ô£Ҷһü˹ȥĪܡ
ҲܵġĪһұǴΪǽ˶ԺΪû뵽ⲻ֪ļҵĹӸʢˣ˻ʥ򳤰˻ʥ̵˵һѲĻҲ̲ˣ
Ҳܣޱһ⻰Ӻ˵𣿡
ҲйذɡĪܷš
أҶʡ
ûǳĪ˵ǵԣǿ³֮ǳˡ
ʱĿȴͶҶϣޱʱ۾һֶסޱţоȻ͸¶һֳ˲еаɣ˼
ôޱҶҲһüһޱǰ
ĴգڸʲôҶʡ
ֵܻشȴҶЦǿƣǰ˻ʥʹҶ㣿
ҶһͷǺˣ
˵㱾ͦ߰Ȼѱλĵ仨ˮߺʡ
´£Ҷ㵭һЦ
ܵ𣿡겱һһǷ̬Ҿû£
£ӦȥλҶ㵭Ц˵
ǵȻˡߺţҲǡʵ˵ҲǾòܡǰ˻ʥƶ֮Ǹ£˵һƫԶطСʥ͢ĽλĶ飬ֻҲֻŵӵķݰɣ
⻰һڣЩӶŹЦ
ȥ̵ģһ˻ʥӢۺƣһܰǹƨ
˭ɫһ䡣
СӣǶȸһ䡣
㣡ɫ䡣
ʲô㣿Ҳļû̵С˵ܵ㲻Ҫ𣿱Ϳ򣬳һûõĵɶ
ˣҺúýѵȺ˻ʥӣŽӵķִ
Ҷһ𶯵ǳ겻ɱŵһµУֵؿҶ㣬ȻǱһŵòᡣ
Ҫ֪ҶǼóĸ֣Ȼһûʹ÷Ծ𶯣ȴ԰κ𵹡ɴ˿ɼȻ´ֲ٣Լȴÿԡ
㡭ʡ
ˣֻΪǱ䣿Ҷ㿴꣬ͻȻʲôЦ
ǣҪ֪ʥʥ߲ǿߣ֮ǰʲôϺзȡСʤҲֻΪûʥӢ۰ˣ
ô˵ΪĲвйʥӢۣҶЦʡ
Ȼ
µӢ۰ǵУֽΣҶʡ
ǲܷ£
ǴһΣҶʡ
ʲôģʡ
ˣԸη䣬ҪǵͷնҲԹԡҶ˵ˣӦ¡
£һȻЦʲôһǧһû⣡
ʱһʥȴͻȻһҲ֪˵Щʲôһ֣ص˵ȵø˵ãʲô¡
ʲôһûãһ㣬ڹʥͰ˻ʥ¡Ҷ㻺˵
㲻˵ôģ˵
ô˵ʵԼǺûĵˣҶ㲻Цˡ
䣡ٺЦ˵СǴ˹µģʵҲǰ˻ʥ˸ӢۺúƾЩϺзǶ֣˲ŲǴġ
ĪҲŵͷ˵Ӧ£˺ҲǲҶĵġΪ֪Լһ䣡
˵һĽӷվЩ˻ʥ̫ˣ֪֪ʥӢ۵ǻ֪ʲôˣľͶģʱˣһһҪȫͷأҲң
кβңҶһЦǶˡ
⡣ʱٺһЦָָҶޱˣͱǹʥҷ䣡
ȡǵͷ˵ɡҶɫһ͸һĨɱ⡣Ӧɱ⣬ǼĴʱĦȭƣһﷺľ⡣
ޱҲü˵ĴǸˣǴ˴Ǵֽ֮֮£αѺд裬һҪ㵽Ϊֹ
ǼĴĿɿڴҪһõΪޱ֮ʱޱȴ˵ȡ˼ҵɸзҲˡ
Ǽֵһ¶ЦݣһӦ
ɫȴɳ˵˭ǰܸЩӣͲøһȥˡˣ
ףһǿЦŴӦ
ǴҶߣȴŵɫ԰ףæҪݹԱţһԺӣʱѾݹԱһסҪ˵ͱݹԱϡ
ʵؿɣ˭Ҳֹˣ
ʱǼֵܣ˵ǾͿʼɡ³ȳ֪ǹʥ似ľ
ǣǼֵܶŵУΪ׼һһͷǰһǼֵܣд֮ɫһϣһһ
СɣָԼԴӡ
⻹СЦдɱ⡣
ĸһҶȴƽ֡
ˣʲô˼һ
ԸĶ־ǳе۸ˡҶЦһĨ֣硣ʱʥУʮҶҾսʿ


576 ս
겻һʮսʿҿ˰ҲûϸӦʥϢ
ʲô˼³³һ֮󣬲ɵ۾
ûʲô˼ҶһЦֻǾıвսҶҾʥߡԡɼսʿɡ
ʮսʿĪʥİףһǽڳʮ۷ʥ֮ĽɫڷҲǶˣʥһȡ˵ʮһֻҲûʲôô
ʱֻǴͨװȤۣǲЩʥ߷
³ŭˣǳ裬ҧҪ𣬵ʱȴЦˡ
Ҷ㣬֮ǰǺҴĵġ˵ˣǿǽԴȫң
԰ҶһЦˣ¡
ãЦɱ³𣿡
Ȼᡣ³ЦţƺڳЦҶĲǡ
Сթǳʥ̲סС˵һ䡣
թߣҵҪˣʲô³ϣ
¡ҶԸǼֵʱ˵һߣһ󺺣Ҳ˻ԼĶУԺһʱֻʣʮҶҾսʿ³
ɡ³ҶҾսһУ
˼ҪһءĪЦ˵ǾͲؿˣ
ǣʮһӦǿʥߺη壬ʮͻȻһ֮䣬ǵֱ֮ӵ˳ٵǵϣǽʵذ
ǣ³ܵǿʥɫʱһ䡣
ʱʮսʿͬʱһץץʮʮ֧һ׼³ǣȴٵȥ³㵵ʱ˾롣
ȫʥʱɴ۾һʥҲͰˣʥҲͰˣȻϵļʸҲʥ
䣡ʱһλսʿһʮʱֳ飬һ飬³ȥʱ֧ڵļʸ³ȥ
Ǽʸ磬³ʱһæ£񣬴һȻȥץ
ʱڶļѾ˳ֱȡ·˫ȣŵ³һ亹æһԾ
һ㿪˼ʸ켣ļȴͬʱաʱѾ䣬֧֮ǰ֦ʸȴڿлһĹ켣зɻԣϻ֮ڡ
顢η䣬һһ䡣ʮսʿ³Ѿæ޷Ӧּӿ˷ٶȣһʱмɻȣ³Ѿȫæۣòʮֵľ񣬽ʥȫչסÿһ֧Ĺ켣һСģʱһ֦Сȣ۵໵ؽһһʧȥƽ⡣
һ£ҶҾսʿǿ˾˭ҲԸŹõĻᣬһʱ䲻սʿ³䣬һֱӽ³һ⬡
ҶҾսʿսǰѾҶɱ֡³Ȼһ֫ͷϷҪĲ֣Ȼˣȴ
ʹȴ³ҽвֹ
գһ£ʮսʿ䣬Щ³͵һȻѳַɻ˵ļϻ֮С
һһΣȴ³ϼˣܲסڵϴŹѪʱһء
ʤ˰ɣǶȹЦʡ
˰˵ĶһĽӷ֣ţ̧ȥˣ
ʱ˹ȥ³̧ߡȻȻӵȴǼæͻȥҽˡ
ɫ࣬ʮսʤʥ߶սʿг˷ŭ֮ɫͻȻеⲻ㣡ʥ֮ƾűʵǱѵڱʥǱȵʵ
˾ͿʼŹƨЦš֮ǰʼȶ֮ʱȴû˵ô໰
֮ⲻ㣡šҪʥĻǹʥеǿʥҪǿսսǲȫŹ֣
ǵսѾǽɻˡٺЦţһĵ⡣
˵õҲǡҶʱ΢΢һЦôһͲ˰ɡһλǿ߳ҶҾеʥǽ־ˡ
˵ţʮλսʿ䣬ջ֮С
ɫһһ죬ֱ¡ʱһһ֣ĩԸǰս˻ʥʥߣ
ã꿴˿һͷɳɲҪ³һˣ
İɣɳЦţֿ˻Ժ룬ڵ³Ѫۼ֮ϣĿҶ㣬˵үɳԸ¸һս˿ɸӦս
Ҷ㿴ӦϵϢʱ֪ʵȴԶʤ֮ǰ³΢΢һͷá
ҪǼеĳ˳սһӰ֮䣬ȴڻ˳ԺгҶ΢΢һЦˣ»δһεĻᣬøɡ
һ֣ȴȫԾһһʱӢ𺳣һȫֱ۾ֱ
ԹԣϾȻӢˣ̲סֱӾ
λ˸Ӣ꿴ŵҲ鲻Խֹ
ɳȻ֮ȴʱһЦÿһֻ֪ΣɱԼòһֻǱ濡κÿһ㣬ȴ磡
֮⣬ȴǵˣعҲֻǻʵ
Ҷ㿴ŵ˵ͷҲ뿴һλСӣжǿ
ԼСЩ
ġƮȻһ񣬻ߵԺУɳĶվ΢΢һЦ˹֣ĲƣҺܲ졣
ޣɳһ͸֮ɫˣȴ廹ҪӢմүҾ˵ģ
ˣ΢΢ҡͷ̾˿֮߹ȴȱ֮˿ġ
֮ˣɳ͸ɱ⣬ͻȻ֮׵ֱӳ֣ǴſһصϢֱŵŻȥȻǴҪһȥ˼
ɫ䣬ûһ飬۾ҲԷƣȴֻǶŶԷ۾Ŀע£ɳȻһ˿⣬Ʋ΢΢ϵҲԾ˼֡
һͬһֻСһ㣬׵رɳһơƷ໮ķһͷɫĳշ裬·һλһ㣬֮
սˡĲ£̲סͬʱΪһã
ɳɫһ䣬·ǸоԼ裬͵һת֣һɽ˹ֻǵЦţ׵ٴƷɳĿ͸׺֮ɫһƴ˹ȥһȻɷŵĳɽ絶ֱŵ沿նȥ
һ±仯ƺ֮⣬ȻȻ˹ȥȴȭնһɫǳշ裬Ʈ䣬̲֮סһ㯡
ɳзɱ⣬͵ȭĵƵˣͻȻȴһ߳ϾȻҲһ絶ľŵ沿ȥ
ǿȭȴûϵȻнϵĹһ¼æȴ΢΢ɨС
վֱӣָ̧աǽ׵֮ϣһǳǳġ续ʻѪۡ
һΣֱӻɳЦţ
ؿӹһĨɱ⡣
ɲ֮䣬һâԵָջһöɫĳ롣ͬ磬âһ֮ɳѾǺâһĸоʱоʧȥ֪


577 󽫾
Уɳĺˣȴơͬһֻ鶯Ȼָ֮£һɫһɫ粻ɳ䡣ɳǱضţ֮ȴֱһʱҲʧȥ֪
ֵŵûа֮ɫ෴ӢпȴƺǵĶħһе־塣ţǱˣҪʱ˻Ѱӻ
ʱ룬ֱȣʱٸоȵĴڣҽһ˵˵ϡ
ɱңɱңָ׼ԼĶͷʱɳ˾ֵĽˣ䣡
΢΢ҡͷ̫ˡûȤɱ㡣˵ţתҶ㣬һվͷ˵ˣҲ
ܺáҶͷ΢ЦҲûϵı¾Ȼ˸ǿһҲӦˣ򵱳ôһ֮޾Ĳ޴ʹȫأ
⡭ǵڵֻȴվɳɫҪѿжѿߵĴһɫ࣬ûסƺֻԼһͻע⵽ԼȻԼսһ㡣
ô˵Ҷ΢Ц꣬ʡ˰ɣ
㣬㣡ͻȻɳˣȴǰ˻ʥʥߣֻ֤ǰ˻ʥȴ֤˻ʥʥͬ壬һͲ
ҼҪģûôҪġҡͷ̾
С˵Ӧץ˿ӣСƨɺݺȼƣ˵
ҹȥץɡǶֱӾҪǰȥҶһ֣ͣˣٺһЦҾ˵˵ѡ
ʤÿһʼʱûκ飬ԼһƷ㣬ȴʮСоҶĿ䣬ꡣҿΣΪֻһӣˣôһſڿҪĴۣ
㡭걻ҶǱĿŵô˸£һֵС
ɡҶ㻺ǰԺ룬̧һץһף㽫ɳԵЩˡЩ˼æסսս̧˳ȥ
һԳսҶ˵һζʤк飿
㣿Ҷ㣬ȸо壬档֪ҶҾ쵼ߵжǿԼ¡
ˣеĲ¶ͷװĿ⡣ܻҧҧ֪ΪԼͷ
ʲô˴󵨣Ȼð£ʱһŹͭɫ׵ĳŮӻ߽ԺСŮĸü£һÿ֮дӢ֮һǾþɳǿߡ
㣡һŮӣ۾ʱãٲҾҪЩ۸ˣ
£עԴǡŮ΢΢ü깪һ񡣡ԷϾǰ˻ʥʹߡ
£ǶһôΪ¡
Ϊλ꣬ǹʥʥʵļ̳ߡҶ㵭˵
̫ӣٺһĪܵɫҲɱ˱䡣
һ̫ӣǿǽʥʣʥסԼһ˽վΪĺƽЭȴ˶Է̫ӣ⡭
˶ɿʼðҶȴһƵᣬ˿ûκβ
ޱߣЦʣ磬ô֪̫ӣ
˵ʥʮǰһӣʮꡣҶ˵ڹʥ֮УҴʹ߳ͻôʥߵֻ꣬Ҳһ˰ɣ̫Ǻˣ
֪̫ӣ۸ң
̫ΣҶĿһ̫ӱԲֺڰײǷУҽձҪһѵ֪죬ȻȥԹʥȴҲޱߴֻԼЩСȴʥٲԨ
һڣλ㡱ȴһҶĿж˼塣תҶ㣬˵ҹʥ̫ӣҪָ㡣Ȼǰ˻ʥʹߣð̫Ҳ븶ۣ
ۣ
죡ҶĿһ͵һȣŵһУɫ԰ޱȡ
Ҷ󽫾עԼУһƻҶһȲԶˡ
¡ҶȴͻȻһЦꡣǵĶĻûд꣬ѾվԺУ֪Ҫ˭ս
㣬ǲܶ˹ʥתˡ㡱һ㡣Ҵɣ
á㻺ͷǰȥվԺ룬Ҷšһ֣£ҽ󽫾ƶҶ󽫾ͽ̣
ҡ롣Ҷһ֣΢΢ͷ
ƶҶĿУ˽䱸֮ɫ̧֣ڳһʮƣ˫΢΢΢΢ζ佫ҪȫסӰУȴ׼ҶҪƺֻҪһ֣ȡҶ
Ҷûжֻôվţֶ·ԼԵĲһλǿĵˣֻһֻҪôվ;͹ˣαҪʲôƣ
ˡƶûбҶ㼤ŭ෴ȴø侲ǫȻ˼ƣҶ㹪һ
˶һľٶ֮ͻȻӿһǿʥǿķ磬ֱӴˣһʱ侹۾ʱ˲ʶŮжǿ
ʥ֮Уֱӱʥ޴סʥȻԵʥγǿ磬Ƕ
Ҷȴ΢΢ͷ
֪жǿԴ֮СĶԸ㡣ЦţлѺõѡ
Ͼʹߡƶ顣ֻҪ͹ˣǻɱ㽫𲻱Ҫ鷳ԣҪ㾫Ҫ̫ԴҲܹеĳʥߣҪףǲֻһЩСɫˡ
ϲ͡ɫ֡ҶһЦɡ
ԸƶͷͻȻ䣬˫һĹɿٵţȴ·˫ƻһ޴ķһʥƼ֮ƶһɾ޴ǰ۳ΡкһͻȻǰһҶ˹ȥ
ʱһڿпţȻ֯һһ˶೤ľ޽ҫŵĹâͷҶն˹ȥ
ĪܺͰٺͬʱ
Ƿޱȴҡҡͷʹĳʥ
˵ʥ𣿡λ´Уֻû
汰ɰǶ
ʹʥ˵㣬ǾͿʹˣҲ
Էţ͵û
һ޽ҶһֱǽѾԼǰʱ͵شһһȭ˳ȥޱߵĹȭϷӳ˿µһײǾ޽֮ϣ޽͵һ²õתŷ˳ȥ
ƶɫ΢΢һ䣬ȴʱҶ㼲
жҶѾ΢ЦͻȻſڴһʱһдӽ̾ʥ
ӽʥ
ƶɫ䣬͵һס˽ŲƴԶӶȥͬʱһ֣Ǳɵľ޽תŷ˻ǰٵתţһ˺ѡն
ϵĹͭɫףҲʱӿһʥ


578 һ
ӽʥƶһҲҴ⣬̧֮һӿȴٲģػʲô󣬶ֱ֮лһ̽ǽӿһâ֮󽣣ǰһһ
⽣һССԲһһʻֻǻǿµĽУ˸еĿͬʱȴܸ˴
ٵתţиһеϢӲǽӽʥȫ𡣲ҲСЩɽĹâңжţҪɢ
ʱҶֳˡ˵ӽʥùʥһȷҶʹ÷ôǾȫԿ϶ˡҶִ̧һħģһ޴ķһ½ƶС
Ƿٱ仯һ»һС͵ħٴ󣬽ƶС
ƶȻһæǶ̽УԼ֮âעǽ֮Уʹ̶̬Լתػķ
һ£С͵ķ˹һһֱźƶǰײһʱȻըƶǻĽʱת˹ⱬըסȻþҶƶôûκˡ
ǷƶܣҶ㣬ѵʥ޻Ϊε𣿡
ʲôЦ⻰һƲ졣ǲţͲţǶǾţһǼʲô
һС͵Ĺⰵ󲻶ƶҲҶӰһʱҲƲħٴҲֻʥ֮ǽֵСͺıըǱ򣬼αըǽѾɢҿ˵ת赲󣬱ά
ʱһ밵ķ˹һ½ǽ顣
ʱƶȴҲѾȫҵħٴı֮͵شһȫȥħٴ
һҶѾ˹һȭźƶ˹
ƶҵ˶ڣٱһʱһҶսһ
ȭ꣬֯һҵĹӰ֮ΧǿĿɿڴǶ̲סԴԹԣСǶ㲻ʥҲǺҵĽɫ
磬Ǻô̲סʡ
˵Ƕԥš
˵ƨǶһţɷ򼼲ֱ˱ˣ֧֧ĵǶ
ӻͷźƶ˵Ůȷʵֵ˭ҲĶ֡ţҽ󽫾ȷʵ˵ã
ܺƶô˵ãҶĹ֮£ȴҲֻз֮Ҷȭഺ꣬籩ǰǿѹˣȴ͸˷ʤƶֻҶ㽻ս֮ʱԼϻϵѹǼ̲סֻЩս
ֻźƽд裬ǶȻʤġҲգƴŽܰɡ¾ڴ˴ۿȴ䲻𰡣
һҧһģͻȻ使ХһһˣȴΪ֮ơ˫ڿ趯ţʥ̽ȴǰɳʱݻ޽Ҷնȥ
ҶʹȻηԭҰȭ򣬽һ˳ȥ
Щַ˻ݣ·һֻֻ˵ĻƷ䡣Ҷ㿴Щ󽣣ҡͷ΢΢һЦȭ֮ͻȻӿһ밵ȻǽٶС밵ķȭ֮ϡ
һһǰȭ֮ʷͬһ𣺡ȭ
һȭһȭϹ밵ĴʱɲǼǽٺȻֱӽǾ޽÷顣Ҷ̤ǰһȭһȭش˷еľ޽ջźƶ˹ȥ
ƶһĨâͻȻ䳤Хһ̺죡
ʱ֮ʾһƬ֮ɫϲסӿţȴ·һСС麣硣͵ǰһҶֱĹȥһֱ̲ӽҶΧ
֮ϣȴһƬ֮ɫ·һ绯ԲתšҶסʱǰȥԲֱӹҶš
̲ӿ·һˮһ½Ҷȫס޴ʹҶͬסһ㣬һʱжáֱŶɢĪ·һƬգֱҶ
֮ƣ
һȭȴҶһҲ̲סӦȭ㡢Գͭʱವһ·Ծ㵵Ժ롣
ѩӰһޱĻɾ޴ǣԲ۾ս֮ϣʱҪ˹ȥԮҶ㡣
ҶһȭȴֻǸߺһȭ
ţͻȻ򿪣Ĳһ·ӿ˰ΧҶı̲תۼͽ̲˸ɾҶһصɣֱһת֮䣬һС͵ķֱ֮ϣô趯ֱۣͬһڿлһص磬ӲؽԷһƬЩص֮Уָݡ
ţ֮ȫΪѾֳݣȴܼУȻȻ޴󣬽ҶȴûҶһ˿˺
⡭ƶȫɵˣҲ󲻵ϾȻ˾似
Ѿ似ˣҶ㽫ħٴⷨȭϣ˫ȭ
ⲢͻȻĴ죬ǡȭʵѾȭĽϣֻǻԣǡȭ⡰ħȭֽϵٴǿ
ֻзһǿߣܴȭ
ںƶסͬʱҶȴĳˡһǰһƱֱźƶȥϴЦݣϴ硣
ƶʱһȴѾˡ
ӣҹʿ
ͻȻһţһӰϴһֱ˹ƷڿлûһĳʥֱҶĺġ
ĲҪļһӦһӦɫʱһ䣬һϹâһʱʮɳɫдŭֱ͵Ϯȥ
Գͭŭţȫӿһµһȫ͵ſڣһµĻʱ׼
һ죬һɱĺâ֮Ѿ̧һ峺ļһСס͵Ϯߣֻ˸ǰһʱУ֮ɳ
ѩӰ΢΢ӣҪֱȥ
һ֣ʥȴȫɵˣĳ֣Ǹеޱȵ𺳣ǰǻ
ʱҶȴһҪ֣
ɲǼ䣬һ˵վգ͵һת͵Ϯߡ
ƶһȭշ磿ԣһʼûĴңһȻ׳󣬵ʵֻŻҶѣ
ס֣æ͵Ϯ߷һС
һѾˡ
ҶһħȭȻ֡һռ仮ֳص磬һƷ绯ɵʱ֮Уʱָݡ͵ϮߵδʹȴѾȱҶ㻯⣬һ
ʱҶѾ䵽ǰһת֮䣬һ϶ͷݺݵȥ
Ҳ˵ã˼侹Ȼ͵һܿҪȴҶһ˸ʵʱһ˲ҽֱ䳾ˤڵϡ
ƶɾһ
ʥУʥĹְνһ£Ծһϵ˵Сǽǣ󽫾Ͻ󣬱ǹ˫Ϊġ
һʥ֮УϽȴҲѡΪվϵһʥ֮ϵǿеǿߣʥ߽Բ
һ䣬ȻҶſˣ


579 ʥ
һ£һȺӿ˽һ½ǵصľ˹ȥֻҶٳûš
Ҷ㵱Ȼô˼Ϣʾ޶⡣
ҲһϢһվȥһ޹ءģ
Ǿɫ࣬磬ϵʥӿǴ޲ż֮ˡ
ҲһԽվǾɫøΪѿˡ
ǺˣҶ㵭Ȼʣ뺣д似ΪҪ͵Ϯң
㣡Ǿ˵ݺݵҧѡʵʵ̫ԩΪҲûϵҶһƾȻУŻ˵ģԼһȥҶʱתԸԼϲҶȭȻԽԼȭȫָ⡣
ϲźһʱ䷴ӦҶһš
Ȼǹ֮ˣʥ˵ȴҲʲôʥһκӰ죬֮£ȴอ֮Ҫöࡣ
ֻ˶ÿɾ̫ˡ
ƽʱλһҪƴҲҪҶ㽻һսʱȴֻҧݺߺ֡
ܿ˾ԭֻһλʥʹڼλĴӵ½˽һ龰һôҶ󽫾ˣ
ֻһѡƶæ˵
һᡣǾҧ˵ͷ
ʥʹһɻ󣬵ȴҲû׷ʣǰҶһ֣Ҷ󽫾ʥҶ󽫾빬һ𡣡
ʥʣ
˶һû뵽Ҷ߸ãʥʱʱҪӼһȴ˾޺޵ֹţðظʻΪұˣ
Ҷȴû©ֹʱһĿ˹ȥ˸£ֱƶ㡣
£һ䣬ȴ˭˭ӮҶ㻺ʵ
ˡ꿪ڣƶѾ̾һͷҶһ֣Ҷ󽫾ޱȣѰĩ֮ԶԶ
Ҷ˰֣꣺£ô˵
ҡ֧ţǺ˵Ҹ˵
ûеô֧һʥ򣿡Ҷ΢΢ü̾һһ̾˶ȴʥ֮ġ̲סһ̫ӣȴһĸп
ϻֻٲܾã»ʲᣬֲ֪ûеʥǰȷʵֵǡڹʥһаãһȨʧڶҪܱûƶС
İ˻ʥһ㡣
뵽һ㣬̲סǡ
ҶҲδٺ̫Ӿ֮£ޱտˣʥǿгͻ֮󣬱ʥʹ뿪λ˵ľһͬų̶ӣһ·ŹʥʳǶȥ
ȴԭλǻʥʹǰҶģֻһﲻ˻ʥġӡֻΪҶҪֻɱƶųȣȴȡ衣ʥֲҶҶ㷢Ǳѻ
ʥʳ˵ľȴǼΪңԶһ˳˳һװпռŵĴ֮Уɼλϵʥ˿ռţк󣬲ſٵ˻ʳǸͬһ֮Уշת˻ʳǡ
ʳ֮֮׳̾ΪֹҶ㻷ܣʥʹϸؽÿһơãԼʷȣдһֽ֮⣬˽ܳеĸ¥ʱһ㡣
֮Ҷ㱻һ԰֮УеĻ棬ֻʥʹһҶڶȥһƬƬһƬ续ɽϪ
ɽСϪϣһͤһλͤŪżСӵߡЩ߶Ƿ֮ϲһ˿ǣ֮רעȴڿ˫ʥ
ʥϣʥʹǰͤһҶ֮һ
Ȼ˾һʥĹʥʡࡣ
ȥɡ˳ʥʹ˻ֳ֣Ҷ֣Ŀ͸Ͱ֮ɫ
ʥʹ£Ҷ򻺲֮ͤС˴һƬžֻзɽ֮СϪˮ֮졣ԶﶼûκʥߵϢ·ؼֻ˺Ҷڡ
ʥʹ£ЦŽһҶ㣺㿴ôɵСʥֻΪֻԼоγ֮ţ׵֮£ȴֻǱȷ֮˼ɱ¾֮ǱƷľ಻緲
Ҷӹߣȴһɵľ飬ʮ״ͬľɣɢޱȣƫƫǲɢ䡣
ʲôţ˼һȻҡҡͷˣԲˣȴǼǲˡ㿴·һ֮ʵȴʮɡɢ֮ȴ޷𿪡
ҶŪССľ΢΢һЦδȴҲܿ쿴ľ֮ĳִƶЩľ飬ջһ⿪һľ飬ʮľ
ԣԣЦͷô棡ˣתþͲ˿ˡȴǽⲻԿܲܰ
˵ţҶнӹЩľƴҶһԾţȴַȫԣ΢Цָ㡣Ҷָ㣬æ˰죬ȴǽʮľƴɵľ顣
࿪ĵЦˣ·һӡ
ְŪһŽľһԣߵʯΣʾҶ¡ҶºЦЦҶ󽫾ܸоҵʥѾ˥˰ɣ
ǣʥҶ㵭һЦ
˵С˰˵ͷҰݣôĲۣƲȴ˵ʲôʱҪ񡪡㿴׳ǳأ󶼱Ĳ񣬲ˣ
Ҷ㿴ˣоκʥӦеİƣֻǸоһɳĺӢ۵ıλʥʵѾҪյ㣬Ҳ֮仯Ӣˡ
ҶûнӻЦЦЩˣǲᶮϼһ˼ġ졯˵Ҳʣȴϸո̫ո𣬸ո𰡣
ǲӱ֮¡Ҷ㻺˵ӱܣ̹Ȼ԰ɡʥһ֮λᵽȨ۷ĸܣҲѾ
һԲɱܣ໺ͷ˼Ѿᵽһʥ֮ڽһᵽ۷֮ҲѾһԺأʥҪȥָǰеأ
Ҷ㣬ҡͷһ̾ҵĶһ룬ұ֪㣬Ŀˡ
ʥˡҶһЦ
СǲǺܻˣͻȻЦʡ
ͦ˵ġҶҲЦ
˱˴˶ӣȴһЦ֮󣬶ҡͷ̾ϢĶûһ취ʱҲ֮£ֻǧԼúȨȴҪʲôԼͿԼ浽գôһСʱǡͷˤˣ»˰
ѹ̫ӵ˴󵨡ҶЦ˵
ţǱҳ軵ˡͷҲûа취ǹܲһǳֻʲôСһֵȥ𱸡
ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ָЩһǲɡ˵λӻƶԽǲȴԽǸˣǸԻŹֻ̥׵СһΪԼôȴ˭Ϊã
˵ţ̧ͷҶ㡣
ҹʥ˸жð
̾


580 ̫̫
Ҷ㿴Ŷ࣬ԼоʲôѰҪ
ȣǱ˲õļһž޴һֱڹĶǡ࿴Ҷ㣬ͻȻ֣һﶼĴȨ༸СҲ˼˶ҵƶļλһĻᡣ
ǹҶ˵ҲױΪҪ˵
Ϊʵûп֮ˡ̾˿ֻ˶Ρ
ңҶһ
ͷעһ㣬ӵۼǱߵõ˲ϢҾһи֮ˡ
ۼǣҶ΢΢üԼµһˡ
µ˭ˣЦˣǸϾ΢СһҲһ˲õﰡʱձܳΪʥߡֻǸһϣ֪޲ˡòϣǸ˸ˣʹϾ΢ж㻳ôһĺ⣬ȴ塣
ֻΪĻľҶʡ
˵ۣΪʵġ˵㲻һΪȨֶεˣҲǸƽˡչȭŵĿռ䣬ʥ͢еЩ쵰ȴҵϵİʯҪ֧㣬߿ʱΪһңҪһˡ
ͻȻҶǰæȴ˰֡˰βżתһ˵ⲻǲֻǻѾ˥ѣκ˶βˡ
Ҷогį
ţˡ˵һгʱܲȥ˼壬һļֵ˻Ϊνľ޴ɱ֮ʱȴᷢһжǿգޡʲôһξ֮ʲôҲ¡к壿
Ҷֻǵ΢ЦһʥߣһǧˡȻǻ۹ˣҲòϣ֮ʱԼᲢǰߡ
ս֮еȴֲͬǿԿƵģǿͨƴܿġ˥϶ȴһΣһ㸶ٴ۶޿صĽ֡ӵ磬Ҳ֡
Ҷ˵ңԶġ硣ϲ˵࿴͸ǻ֮ԣ֪ǶǺġ
ֻƯѣΪԼһδֱ˥֮һղὫߵľ
ܿɰ࿴ЦˡеĻҪǡ
ʲôҲû˵ҶһЦ
Ϊ㲻˵˵̫ߣǰϲ̸ʲôʲôˡƨûеһ浽һ㿴ǻ˵ʲô
˶٣˵㲻ͬûп̸Ϊ֪㲢⽫֮˵黳
ǵġҶϡûĸܣû۵ʸ񡣡
ǵģ֣صͷοЦˡ
Ҷ㣬ͬ˻ʥˣҲɳ˲ŵ˻ʥæʦ໺˵ҪӦңιʥ̫Ӷ֮ʦҲ̫̫
Ҷ㿴þעλˡ˵һĨ֮ɫΪһλһʥߣ˿̵Ȼ¶񣬲ܲΪ֮ݡ
ֻҪ˻ʥ͢Ӧû顣Ҷ˵
ҲǴӦҡͷֻҪӦ
ҴӦҶᶨֻҪʥԶ˻ʥվһ𣬳Ϊᶨѣǻƣ
ǱҪıЦˡƶ̳ʲôӣʥĽͻʲôӡʥǰ˻ʥѻǵˣͶˣ
ˣҲŻӦҶ㻺˵
Ҷ㣬ʧ˵˵ǰͷҽ֮ʱƶĽ̵֮³ΪĻߣôʥͽԶǿ飻ʱƶһôһὫλĳλ֮ʱҲǹʥ˻ʥս֮ʱһʬ壬ΪҶķܡεĹۣ
ˡҶ㻺ͷ
൭΢ЦͻȻһ֮һӰԶٵ˹
̫Ӷơ
ǰĶƣҶ㻢񣬱ס˶ĸ첲һҡһ߿ޣʣΪҶһʥҲҵ´ܣ۸ңǸˣ
˵üҪ𱸣ûġŶƵı˵ƶҶ󽫾Ǹ˫Ӣۣô۸Сӣ
ģƽţ˴£ȥľأ
Ŷһ¡
Ҷ㵭һЦǵġ̫ӵλľӣɨ˹ʥ磬˴˵ҵսһλ뺣ƶ󽫾ı䣬Ҳֻóֽס
ȻôһȤ°пţҶͷ˴Ĵָһ֮Ȼʥ˲õʥߣҶ󽫾
ƶʵԣʱоûͷȴ¡
̫ӵ¡ҶȴЦݣŶơ˵ҵ˴£˵۸㣬ʡѵ㷢ı䣿ôʧܣ۸أˣҴĶģûɣ
ʲôģȤæʡ
Ƶͷ˵˵ˣҪӦǲ𺦹ʥġҵʱΪһ䣬ԡ
Сһᡯ°ҡͷȥԼĵϵҶ󽫾УƾԼЩѵܴҶ󽫾ͽвˣ˵ˡ֪ˣ˰ɣɲôˡѾҶ󽫾˵ãʦҪʦߣúúʦѧϰ𣿡
ʲôһʣʦ
Ҷ㻺ͷգڱǰ˰ʦɡƣ£
һȣȴһϣŵһ£ʱҪС־ҲһҧȻͦ˹ȥһ¶㵽󣬴УҲŲ
Ҷ󽫾ְʦ˰ɣεһЦϾǸӣҲϾһ̫ӡ
аʦ֮ҵĵӣҶ˵ҲҪ̫ӡ̫ӲʦдбѴʦ֮ʦʦ̵
⡭һΪѣһͷҲգƶʦ£
ʣƵһμôΥԼԸ
죡һҧݡ
£Ҷٴһȣʱ˫һֱҶ
ͷСʦϣܵӶһݡҶ˵
˵һҧ
ʦϣܵӶһݡۼԼĸҲںȴ˳⣬˾⣬ʵؿͷ
ʵԺУҶܺƶǾ֮ʱƾѾ˵Ҷ㡣ֻʱоԼиʳԶЩʱҲվҶһߣԼȴûаҶԿıǮҲͱųˡ
Ҷɫȴøѿˣһ̫ӣδʥʣ͹ͷͿͷ
⡭಻һ
ҹ𣿲ҿͷ𣿡ŭһŲӴʡ㡭⵽ʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
ҶɫȴһЦܺãҵѹ֮¾Ȼңһ̫ӡδʥʡƣҼסǿ߿Աɱᱻܣ
Ͷƶסˡ


581 ʥʵǻ
ݱˣΪʲôҶ㿴Ŷʡ
˵Ϊʲô۵ߡ
Ϊ£ԲԣҶһЦ
û˵
ȻûгϣҲûΥĵطŵ㡣Ҷ˵סΪض˰ݵԶΪ־˹£˱ǿΣֻҪ㲻ôɱ㣬ҲԶܻ㣡ҷǾ仰˼㶮𣿡
Աɱܱܣ̲סֹһ䡣
ȴЦˣסͷҶ󽫾ҹȻûп۰
ҶҲһЦƣѾݹңұʦ֪һҸᡪߣ뿪һңȫԲʦʱ㷢ķңҪаʦҵĵӣκΣգʦһһǰ㣡
áãû˵ʲôȴȵͷ
ȥɡԶƻ˻֡ʰһĶʱ׼ʦ߰ɡ
ʡ࣬˿֮ɫ
ȥһۡѵóһεϱ飬Ƹеһ˿η壬æˡ
Ҷ󽫾Ҷ㣬Ȼǰ˻ʥʥʹĹٽףȴ޷˵Ĵ¡Ҿ²֮Ļᣬֻʥ͢ҲӦ
Һ蹦ͣҶһЦٳɴ£ʹмǿ֧֣ܹ˴ҵǱҵԸڹͣ˵ɡ
֪ˡЦŵͷģʽ֮ʱ˭Ҷ˻ʥİһʦ˻ʥ򣬰ʦṩǸԴ
˵ҶһҵͦҪʥʯԴˮֶģ֪ܷ跽㣿
Ҷ󽫾ʲôҪʲôЦˡû⣬һġֻҪһţͻ᲻Ͻԭء
ǿɶлˡҶ¶ϲɫ
ܲϲʥʯΣֻڰ˻ʥĴðղſɵõԴˮҶû취áжı֤ͷʥ㲻ȱ٣ʲôǿУĽʿǶԺ޹ǵʹȫǱ׳ʵˡ
һཫһҶ㣬ˣҶ㲻ǺδʱֻཻҪĴʥʥѡɴº󣬶ȴˡҶ֪ظ¡˵ͷ˼ˣԸչͷ羰ԹʥšȻЩȥɡǾʱԽԽãЩӰ졣
Ҷȴ֪ҹζ࣬ʲôһ¡
صݣһȴۡһɫ԰ףһҶ㼲ӭؽţҵҶ󽫾Ҳǳȥͼ˼桢ϵŶһĹôǳô°⡭⡭
Ҷ㵭һЦһ֣ʲô˵ˡҸռʥʣѾӦ֮ˡ
ʲôһһʱûŪס
ʥʹձ̻ˡҶһ֣ʥ͢Ǳߣ鷳㴫Ϣȥ˵ҶҲѾȰ˵ʥͬˣʥ͢ɽʽɡ
⡭һĴͣҶ㣬һʱûعҶһЦԼ߻ҶҾסСԺһʱӭʳʶ̡֪ҶѾ˹ʥ̫̫ʱһ˶Ŀɿڴ
С˵ʦһü
ǲͦãǶȴˡСӸһסʲôʱƨɾʲôʱƨɣǲŴأ
ƨҲҸͷ˵˼ô˵Ҳ̫
𳶵ˣӴǵЦҶ㣺ʥʾôİ̫ӽ㣿ǽ䵱ʣ
˶˵Ϊ˰ɡʱͻȻڣһ仰˵˵ϡٺôҲܽԼΩһļ̳˽ˡ
ֻ²ˡĪܱϾʥߣϸһ룬ȴѾйؼ»ף죬ͷҲûа취ˡܸԼһǿĿɽô̫СΪ˵ĿܣŪȨ³㣬ȴʹ̫Զڷܱ֤ȫ̫ΪʵĻʵҲ޷쵽ΪʥѾһǿʱҪȨֻµʱͲ̫ΪʣǱɰк̫ӣȴ޻ǣùʥʥͬ飬ȶдȨŽ˶԰˻ʥսսлþ޴档
ôһ˵ȴòȫ̫ˣʡ
ޱҲѾˡʥǴˣʵһ׵ıڣһõʦ
Ǳ̫ӣ̵׽ʥʣôǽõޱȾ޴ĺôӲɵͷ̾һߣǻҲȲġ
˲ɶп
Ҫ뿪Ҷ˵䣬ֻµʱ˻һ̫Ӱ֡
һ˻ûһ죬ʱҪȥûԹԡȻҴңջȴǾ޴ޱȣջȣ;ıҲͲʲôˡ
Ҫ뿪֮ʣƶȴ˹һҶ㣬ȹعһ񣺡Ҷ󽫾Ҫ뿪𣿡
Ҷһս֮ȴķڷҶĿ֮ٲȻѾսĻ֮ǰҶʱĴ֮⣬ȴʣˡ
ǡҶͷһЦ
·ŵõʥּ⡣ƶǰһ˵Ҫ¸̫ͬȥأ̫ӡ
ҶһЦȻףɺƶȥȻչ̫֮⣬ǼҲ֮飬Ҷ㲻Ϊ⣬һͷ̫Ӻڣ
Ѿڳˡƶ˵ʥڽӼ֮ʱҽ̫ܴ⣬ڳȺ
ҶһͷǽŶȥһѯʵõĿ϶󣬲źƶһЦǱ߰ɡ
һ˴Ҵ뿪ݣ֮˳ɽҰ֮Сƶǰ·ܿ͵һصɽ֮СѾһ󳵵Ⱥ򣬼ʮʿֳʥ󳵣ƶʩ
㣡ʱԳ˳Ҷ㣬һ¶㵽˺ƶ
ǵĳ̫СǳҵİɡҶнȡ˳һ˳۾һ̲סֹƯĳӣȸʵĳɰ
ɣ̫ӵ¡ҶһЦָָڡ
̫ӣϳɡƶŶƵ֣복ڣͬʱʥСĵɨܣ۲Ƿ˿ӡ˳ҶҾһ˲˳ٵؼݳȥӱдʥ֮⣬һ·ѲߵĹʥսʿƶֱ󽫾ƣЩսʿʱС
һ·£ڳ˹ʥ򣬴󳵿ٷŰ˻ʥȥ
ԶȥĹ磬͵ۿ˿мֱɱһµҶ㣬һʱޱȡƶĲһֱο
ʱ䳤ˣҲſʼشˣʱ̲סʣι׺ӣܱʹĻ󰡣
˵أɭȻһЦģҪƵģŵöֱƶ㡣
СӣͻȻٺһЦ˵̫Ӱ㵽ǵĵϣһú̫ӵĴ
ýӽµŵöƶõصһۣޱҲ˺ڴһѣޱЦҲû˼˵úд
˲ɶЦ
һ󱼲֮ҶһڻصءһΧİޱǣƾͺشһУһΪ֮⣬һо󶼴ʥ֮Уɳ̾һ˵ģ


582 Ԩ
ҶЯŹʥ̫ӹһȻ󲨡һһ̫ӡʥʵķɣһͨͷ֮£öƼǽš
ĿҶҾʵ֮󣬺ƶ𾪲ѡǵιͨԳסɽЩʥ޵ķ֮󣬺ƶ̲סҶ˵Ҷ󽫾ʵʥֱ͢ӷͥҲѾ㹻ˡıȻ࣬Ǿװ˷ָ
ʻôãҶ㲻ЦȨһֻΪԱֻΪɾһҵҵĿ꣬׷ĽЩѡȨλ˵Ǹơ
һšţҲ𺳵òС֪ԼɼʮʥɵĶ飬ʵһȺϺзҶһֺͷҲȲϣԼȻȥսԼ
뿪ʱٴʯЩʥʦҹֶͣһǧʥװװһǧ˾һҶҾµǧ˾֮УǧӵȫʥװˣʵƶΪ֮զ࣬˵ǹҽҲˡ
ǻҽܺǱȣ⻰̲סЦˣǽҲȫʥǵʥʥǿǵĽǵ𣿡
֮ͬ£Ȼ˱ȷսʿΪһ㣬ƶȴòϡҶǧ˾ȴȫֵùһʥ֮ǧĻҽ
˵й֮޲
ڵ֪Ҷ㼴Զ֮ʱƶȻҪ֮СҪۼʶҶҾսҪҶǿѧı¡ҶȻҲӦˣΪʵ˵ŶƺͺƶУԼء
һ׼úʱһҹսȥ
ɳսȥ򵼱ǵƾŶԼλõļ䣬Ҷһ·ߣڲȥ
ڲһ·֮ϣҶҾҲȺʮ֧ٵ˶顣Ȼе˶鶼ֱҶҾ˸仨ˮӡ
Ƚ뵽ʱҶҾһսⳡսǶһȺΧһδ󳵡Щڶ࣬ཫǧһʵǿװȻҲȻʽһ¶Ӱۣʵȴû˵
󳵵ģǰٶòʥ޼ĳˣǵʵҲҲǳʮ׵ˮƽκηǿ桢ƶУһԲ󣬵ų˵һ
Уһλ׵ʥˣĿӢ޳ȴżǿı죬ֳһ޳սԲ֮ƶգ㵽֧ԮӵһڰĵӰһĳնڵ¡
ЩУλʥ˴죬ȴսֻЦŸԶսǼƣȴҪЩºľǳʥ˵Լٳȥֳɵġ
ЩˣȻ֮УȴһҲη壬һ¶ĺ֮ɫġʥˣ֮䣬·һֻ鶯һ㣬һɫİӰһϯķһ˻ɡ
ֻͰǧ֣֮ʬ޴ˡ
һսҲϵʥȻǿ󣬵ȴ˳ԾǵӿһֹİӰÿ֮ʱǰӰܴһռѺۡսиֻǿѺۣܽһͬǵףһ·ָ顣
ǳ˵ʥ죬ȻҲǾսȴǰֻ˺սϧĳʥ˵
ԨˣʱϳЩˣҲ壬Ѻû飬ˣǵó־ǣ
áҶһͷսʱ͵ǰȥʾ֮£ǼĴͬʱԴз˳ȥ̿ɴֵֿ˻Цֱ˵ͷ졣
һﱾں󷽹սȴǴȫλá󷽾Ȼֱ仯һҴԶĸڴԴзԼɱһ֮£ȴɴŭ
ǹʥ𣿡һţʲô
ٺһЦݷ˵˫ȭһʱ˹ȥʱһ޴ĵ͵˹ȥȭδϢȸۡ
֮УץһֻǴʥӿȻҲһʥޣ˵еսȣҶҾɻĹʥȣҲǲһء
ʥΪʥȻǿ󣬵ʹȴһȭƻǴ֮ϣ󴸵ûκβǳִȴܲסľһȫҲеСһ㡣
Ǽֵܴˣ˸Ͳ֣Ȼһźһ֣Ƕʱ׷Ҳ֮ʣ˫ȭһâѾֱʱ˵첲ж
Ѫӿ˷ҵĺУһǿ
ʱҲһһˡǼһۼʥ˳ȴҲη壬Цųһʥ󽣣ųˡ
˸ߴɣӺȻߴ󣬵ȴֱСޣȻ˷һ֣˾ͱɵˡſһâĲ߻˹ȥʱϿһӣ˫ȭһâѾеĴն÷˳ȥ
һתֽ֮ʣĵâȴֱƿĵ޴Ѫӣھ֮мæˣȴǰһЩ޴ĶƮ𣬵ͷһȴԼֻʣ˰ӡ
гϢѾȫߣһǿ֮УûϢ
ҲȥҶʾ֮Թսз˳ȥֱӷǳ˵Ĵָָ֮䣬һɫĳһ˵֮СЩȫһȫסٶƬ֮󣬱㽩һʵĵ
ȴȫļƤ࣬ȫǻ
֮󻹲˶ֽţǴûᣡһЦҲҶʾԹս֮гɱ͵һʮɺ͵ɫֱӳ˳˾֮ڡ
壡ʥۼо֣һæ۾ȴԼۻˡ
ʱҲѾնɱʹ󴸵ĳʥˣԼֵһҲɱ˾֮С
սǰҶ㽫ưԲ֮ϣʥ֮䣬սɢʥЩ˹ȥһʱ䣬ҽ֮ڶһ˱ʥֱӻ顣
ۼ˰֣Щ۵Ԩʱ˾һʥ˵ָ֮£һǴֱųɱȥӦ֮£ʱɱɾɢСԶȥ
ˣʥ˴е
ս֮УҶһһǧ˾ʱɳսЩˡܼһ֦֦׾ͶȥЩߵ
֮ǿбֻʣƮŵʬ塣
ʥԨһϲֱӷ˵ŵһ񣺡ֵ𣿡
ӵ֪λʡ
ӣ˳һæʩ񡣡Ԩ岿죬л˵Ӵû뵽ӵ¾Ȼš
ȻҲҲݵ֣˴ȡ˵
ʵôЩһ
ӣҲΪһֱĻ飬ոռսʿҪȥȴڴ˵⵽˵
ʲôһ


583 Ы֮
˵˴£ʱŵ׷
׳ʲô£ʡ
ǳǼ壿޺޵غһǲ֪年Ҫһ򾡣֮лȡ޴档
ˣɫüΪѿ޺ҧ
һ˵һ£λΪεȻǼֵܡϸ·ȷʵʥ֮󣬲ü
£ôָָǼֵܡô塭
ǶǺˡ˵ǲһŶۡ˺ʥ֮ҲжһҲȫǻˡȻǱҲʥ˾ҡǵ˵ɡ
λӣȻΪ壬սȴԥؾ͵ͷͬ⣬ԸʰսϢ֮ŵս֮ڣ
Ϊ˫˽֮Ҷ㲢ûйףֱΣ
һƬ֮У˲塣˵һǿ壬һǻƽ塣˿ڶ࣬ȴѾ˹ȣǿޱȡһЩСʥҲͶǣһ޶һζ巢ģǡ
еЩ쵰Ĳߵ˵ˣһҲҪǣ
ġҶһͷұǵ˰ǵ𣿡
˿Ҷ㣬ȴҡͷŽһü˵λֵܣҡͷʲô˼
壬Ҳûб˼ֻǾ֪ȵʵֻ¾ͲԸٰæˡĿɨڵˣϵıƺ˵ǵɣ
ֵܣСˡԳͭٺһЦ֪ôȳǵǹƥɱһʥ֮УǧΧ´ݸɵһ˳ְǾߵġ
ʲôһ̲ס´Ҷ㣬ƺ뿴Ҷʵߵ͡ô޷Ҷ㿴Ȼ֪Լǰ壬ʵһλ˲õĸˡ
ʵΣҶʡ
ԨС䣬˿ڲҡ̬ȱùЩǴˣǧ˿ڡκһԵ΢˿࣬ƽҲ˿ˡټͶǵĺ塢ʥ壬ʮ򡣡
˾Ȼôٺһѹʥ͢ɴһƬȴַ𰡣
ǰ˰ٺһֳۣ˲ʹı顣Ҳ˵ֻ֪˶Էʵǡ
ôأһ˰죬ʱ̲סʵ֪ΪλҪǶԿ
岻ͬŽ֮ɫŶơ˵ѾѣΪѶӢµߵҫʹ֪УǵǿУҲȻǰȥԨ岿Сһη
ƿŻĳطˡ
ģƶŻ˴Ĵָ
ֻǿһۣǶĳ޲顣
һѻЩҶʱʡƾǺ屾ҲԵйȡ֧֮ȥֻƾ䱾ɣ
гЫͰ׻塣嶼ǿĲ壬Ыˣ׻˿ڣǣܼסشҶ̬˲ͬΪҶ˵ԭ򣬶ҶĸߵͲû̫Ĺϵ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ̲סһ졣
Ȼ⣬Ы׻ȴʮǿ󡣡˵Ыһг׵֮ǳʮףʥǿ߸ռ˿ڵɣ׻͸ˣ˿٣ʥ
ô˵ǧʥˣһҵ죬ʵȷʵӲʮ֮ˡ
Ҳûô򵥡ЦһҪ֪϶󣬶ҿͻƽҲвʥǿߡܵ˵ǰֹۡ
˵ˡҶһ֣ȸϹȥ˵ɡ
ã·һͷ
ٻ֮£ԨսʿǼ󳵣Ҳ˹ս֮СǽЩսʿеģսеǿݣȴװһսʿֻ
֮£սһ·ǰȥ֮󵽴һ޴֮⡣һʥػսһӽʥɢ֮⣬һУ壬ֹɱۣ
𾴵ĳЫʥߣԨæɢԼ
һһȻ֮⡣ô㵽ôһҹʥս
ңǵӡӦ
ʲôӣʥһ󶯵ţʱ
ҶһͷҶָսڶȥú䵽һĳǳ֮С
ǰվǵͻƽǰءһһ뿪սۣһҶţ֣ӦǱΧŲŶ԰
һ˴ֻ㳡һһ޴Ĺڣʮ˿첽˹Щ߱ʥЩܵ˵ʥ˲࣬һȫףĿˣԵЩ죬ѿ
ǵֱۺرǰ۴ִƸͬһڴһ㣬ȫװÿִָֻֽʵӲͬЫǯһ㡣
ȻǳЫˡ
ʱŵӭȥЩǰΪ׵Ŀһʱ첽ӭһѽסӣû뵽㻹ţ
ЫХþòҲסЫˣԼ˸
ЩΣЫХҲ⡣
Լ⻯Ϊʯǿȹʮ
ôģӵЫХʡ
һ¡ʱЫХ֣Ҷǰλǰ˻ʥ󽫾Ҷ㣬ҵĶˡֻɱڤʥ򣬻ɱҵĳ޾׼ŵþȡ
ЫХҶʱ΢΢ü˵Ҷ㽫ºʱһ䣬Ҷһ񣺡лҶ󽫾
ԼˣؿҶһЦֻ񡣡ȴǶֶԵĳŵҪһƬܰǡ
ǰЫХҶ㣬һЦ˼ȴƺǲҶ͡
ǳЫ׻壬ǧʥߣв˵ܸһƬλҶ󽫾ЫХһλЫʥ̲ס˵
׻Ыȷʵǿ󡣡ҶͷƽǿޱȡҵʵǸڰ׻Ы壬ֻҵԶڲа˻ʥǿȴʹһ尲ǡٿ񣬻ƽͣҲҳ򣬹˻ʥҪɣ
Ҷ󽫾ԸΪǵѳǻӭġЫХڣڴ˴Ѿˣֻ²Ը롣
ⲻǳ𣿡һüԸ룬ʮǰôе֮£
˵ʲôſڵЫǿ۾һɣһǰָǱ𣿡
Լ˵ġЦһ
Щ年˰࣬ѣЫڴ˿ڳԣҰԱӦ
ӦΣҲǰһʥӿǱ壬ӦǣΪԼӲиùޣҲӦ
˶ŶԷǰһʱҪֵ˼
񡣡Ҷ˵
ԱԷѣǵˡЫХ˵
Աһ˼
ЫХ˿Ҷ΢΢һЦ˻ʥһƬռݺһֱûκжȴӡ˵˻ʥܳΪһıߣֻ´ҶšҼλʥԱдһҵ֪˻ʥʵԾǷԷĽѽǣΣ


584 򲻳ɽ
ˣϰɣһ⻰ʱ˷Ҷ㿪ڱս
ҲáҶ㻺ͷ֪ЩЫսʿǿ󣬿ǲܿԼЩʥ˵ġһѵ֪ʥ˵ҲǺõġ
Ҫ㵽Ϊֹĩˣֶһ䡣
İɡٺЦţۿŰԱ˵ԱϵܣǾԣ
ǱߡԱҲ۵˷ܣһָ㳡һߵһƬյءǣ
Ҳ˼һЦȻ˾ͲˡǱϾѲǵ
һ䣬ȴһգҲ޵úܡ
˴ſյȥվ˴˶š
£һЦ
£ԱҲһЦ
ͻȻ䣬һͬһǰײ֮ʱ㱬һ졣ǵ˫ȭײ˲Χ޿ռɵ춯
һ˫ȭϣһһʱһ޴ĵӰȭϣǰȭƵӰֱŰԱ˹ȥ
Ա͸֮ɫȻһߵľȻ鶯·ӡһΣѾٵض㿪˫Ʒ֮䣬ͬһֻǯһ˹
Ы֮
ɫӰ˫צХ֮ƺˡ
ȻߵǸ͵·ӣٵһת˰Ա˫צ˫ȭһնԱ
΢΢һ֮£Աʱ˿ȵӰǰȥ
˴һһʱѷѽ⡣ģЩЫ˵ˣĿж˼־壬Сֹû뵽˻ʥʥô֮ǰ̫Сˡ
ǸʿЫ˸̾㿴Ĵ򷨶ôͣս֮ϣҲǺͰԱһϲȺɱߡ
ЩЫ˹Ȼ˵áҶߣҲ̲סͷǻϣֻѾſˡ
ƶ§Ŷƣȫó񡣶̲סֹţԭоȻôǿߣǡҲƴ˵ҰѪļһ
ǰƶͷǶ˵ʶҲǲǶ԰˻ʥǿߵʶһǡĺǿ£ҪҲŬΪǿ߲ǡ
΢΢ͷŹ⣬սеǿ߳˾֮顣
սеԽԽңϵıȴԽԽġ˶ͺһ·ӣȥȴԽԽֶԷԼƢͶһֲ򲻳ɽĸо
˽ʱ佥ãȴϷӳȥڼս֮УԵĶǳȺķսʿһ÷ʮɣԺɨķȴδ־ʱ൱Ķֽ֣ԷвϣǿޱȣȴԽԽ˷ܣ似ӵĲɸ쾡£ȴڳԽƽʱԼ
Ȼ䣬͵ȥȴ˫ȭһպݺݵһƥҲƵİɫ͵Ӱ㵱ŰԱնȥ
ԱһЦʮ㣬ʥȴǷˣΪϵʹַųԶĹôܶγв
һЦ䣬һֻצӵ͵һץʱһǯ֮Ӱһ½ǵץ÷顣
ʱȴϢϮ˹һһѳ
һʥȫʹ˻һ޵һŰԱȥ
һԱɫɴ䣬оԼҲס⼸ѳһĵҲһһ˸֮У仯ɶ೤һֻЫӣһЫǯ͵ǰȥȵסĵ棬ǴȺ카ӵЫβһâֱͷȥ
ȻһУֱӷ˳ȥǱˤ˵ϣһͷٺһЦû¶
ЫİԱȴֱײɳԶڵˤ˼ΣâһлΣһôôһξȻҲĶ֣ҪΣѾһնɱˣ
˵ͷȴЦ첽һ֣֣ȻС
ҲЦ֡û뵽Ҳϵһ㣬ȴҲᣬԱ仯Σǿǿ
Աɫһ졣
ɶɫҸоЫ֮ʱƺзҪս֮ϣһͱǴЫˣʱֻҪϷųֻҲûɶ취Ϊ
˵ִЦ
ڳϴЦֹȻ˹
һʱ䣬ԭѺõһ±Ѻ
򲻳ɽ򲻳ɽǼһһЦ˵
ЫХҲЦҶһͷû뵽˻ʥʥҪ֪ԱҲҳЫĸְ
˻ʥвӢֻ֮ǰһʥսʥֱҲ޷ָѡҶ˵
ЫХ֮ʱڳʣ˵ͻƽǿϮһôƽ˾ģ
ǴõϢЫХЦʡ
ǴӳЫѲ߱ġ˵
µǲ٣ԷڵУһʱδɱЫХ˵岻Ϊ׼ԲŽɢΧСѲ߱ڿ˻ҪӦһս
ԭˡһԷƺѾϵǵľٶˣҴһսʿ;У⵽һȺ˵ķҲ;ٴأӦδӵսʿ֪һֹ˵˵ķ
лѣЫХʱһ漴ԸһλЫȥ
λɡЫХǰ·Ҷһ˴֮ڷ׷
ʮǰǺͰ׻ʹ岻ò԰ȴ֮ˡһ£ЫХͳϿҵŵǸ
æҡͷҡʱЫвЫİȫǶԸҲĻǣǵʱҲ벻۰׻Ыѣ뵽Ҫ뿪˵Ѱġ룬Ǻ󣬵
ҡͷһ̾
ʮʱ䣬ѾЫȴûţһҲ԰ˡЫХ˵
˼ȥȫ֮ȴء˵һ˵ʵǿ󣬹ʥλɾȴòҰ³˱󡪡ǰ˻ʥ֮˵ʥ̫ҲѾ˶ΪʦʥҲ˶˱ҲãƽҲգԶҪǿǵʧ
ʲôЫХһʥ̫ӰҶ󽫾Ϊʦ
ǡƶʱվһ֡±ǹʥʾĴ󽫾ƶλǱ̫ӵ¡
˵ţһָԼߵĶơ
Ȼһ̫ӣЫХһ΢΢Ŷƹ˹֡
ȴδôࡢôǿˣһʱ֪롣ҶһЦƣ⣬Ӧǡֱɡ
ƶŶƵ˵ͷżæֻ񣬲Ӧڹʥ֮ʱֻбȴòЩԼˣҲû˵ʲôϰߡ
ƸӣЫХ֮ģҲֻҶĿֶ˼־塣
˻ʥΪᣬҶ󽫾Ȼùʥ۷̫ӽ֣ĩЫХҶ㻺ͷɴ˿ɼҶ󽫾ȷʵʵˣҲƷˣһչˡĩһԱ죬ȴܶ˴ɣʱ˴ȥ׻뱾ɡ


585 
սڼλЫ˵£뿪˳Ы˵ǰ磬ŸԶȥ
һ·֮ϣҶԼЩɻ󣺾Ϊ꣬һ壬ںδƺҲɰ׻ͳЫɣ
ŵ˵ͷʾԼһ䰲ڡ
һ壬Щ㻹δҽɣҶʡ
ǵġǸ⡣Ϊ˶֮ٸһϲ
һǷһЩȽҶһ
ǡͷʱǽԼ⻯ΪʯСᾧһ֮ǿԽʥ֮۳ʯ״Ľᾧ壬ֽᾧϣǾԭϡƷߵģǵġԴˮ
ԴˮҶһ
ǵġͷ˶۳ԴˮҲֻλʥϲдĽᾧֻĶϡע⵽ǿս˰ɣ
ǵʥеҲƽҶ˵ֻǵúܣȻռѺˣѵ۳Ľᾧ죿
ǡһЦʥ֮鲼ǺֽᾧͬԴ֮ܽͨʥռĶѣʹ֮Ϊֱӹˡ
ʥ򰲵ĸǣһзΪ֮ۡʵϺͻսһġҶ˵Ǵսֻ¾ͿϵʥҲӵԶķ˰ɣ
²ɡҡͷĽᾧֻѺۣҲֻǽսѡ
ԭˡҶ㻺ͷ˼
ˣ԰׻ͳЫŲԸǵı˵ģ嶼ˣһȥҲΪѡֻǧ꣬ȻΪЫŶǵıĽ飬ȴҲǺѲһꡣ
ҲΪѵġҶ˵׻ͳЫͬ⣬ҿڴ˽ռŻʱֱͨ˵أǾأҲʱص
ãæͷ
˵ţսȴͻȻӿһʥǹսʾȴʾеսҪչҶһüʱŵػش֮ڣ첽Բǰ
ô£һԲһޱ
һªˣֱǶ⡣ޱϤؿԲԶľŴֻǿ֮Уʮ̬СսݳĶʥˣһ߽ˣҳ༫ѿһϵƤҲǴֲѿһֵɫ
Ƕ塣һԽšΧһ󺦣˴˳̵¡ÿƽжʱǾһ԰ģŻõСôԼˣ
ǿһսŻӶɣԳͭ²š
пܡ˵ͷ
ӿ治СȻǵ鷳ЦøղŻû񫣬֣
ϢϢɡٺЦĸ첲ҲһЩᣬĥĥԼ似
ۣԳͭҶϵ´ٺףҶҾƵǵĺ󷽣ǿս֮ʱͻϮ
ˣһ֣ʱжۺԳͭΪףһ¼ɶӭʮսȥ飬ٺٷһЦͻȻ͵һ㻯ʮɾһ·ǰ
һſڣһƬ⣬һƬɫĻ棬͵ǰ˹ȥȵսʱһΧʥ˻Ӧʱֻҽ˼һջˮ
ֻôһſڣ˱㱻˽һ룬֮ǿ˾̾
ҵ裡۾һôɱȵһڷ֮ʱˣ
ȻԳͭһͷˡ֮ʱˣһԾŻʥȴκʥ޶ҪǿųְɣȻֻûˡ
ʱʣµļսȴæһתۣɢţϵʥ˴磬ʱųǧսʿЩսʿβ룬ߵʮף͵Ĳңһòªޱȣзײеɱ¾֮⣬һֽţ
үȸǸЦһͻȻſһһʥɢȥȵʮʱһղǰˮĽȻˡ
ЦУ͵һ˶˵УóצſڣֻǼɼײ㽫һײ֧顣
ۺԳͭҲ˶Уչ񹦴ɱ䡣
ʣµļʥˣֱȥŶ˹
Щ۾Ҳ⣬ܿ쿴㼯һζ͹ڴʱٺȴѾٶҶҾԺɱ˹һʱܼһսʿɱöŴҡ
ǼΧԳͭĶ˼󷽶ݣһʱּ䣬ֱԥʱһ
ʱһ׹ȴѩӰɶһԣſһҧҧסһ۵ʥֱۣ͵һͷǽһ׳ֱҧһߡ
Ƕ˷˺ѷεĴУȴᣬһǰһȭ
ѩӰһۣĴ֮ɫǹҶҾ硣۲˼һЦҽһӽŬˮƽ
ѩӰ˵Щûõƨֱӷʥˣצȥ˺һ
ԳͭҲ׸Ǿ޴ȭͷֻȭƾͽʥ÷˳ȥ׷ȥȭ򣬴һѪɥ
̵ģʱͻȻԼһ֪͡ʵãȴѾʤķôȴˣ
һץץһѾŴǺЦţһ¾ͳ˶֮Уһ֮䣬һƬʱɢȥһըѿһˮУ˷ȥ
ʱһ˱ˮлУʱʳһµѪֱӲҽһŲ³Ѫˮףȴֵ˾ˮһǧٿεسԼʧܣۿȥ
ôһȴмöЩԳͭԳڸʲô㺦ֵң
ǸǸ⣬ֽһƬԶȥ
ѩӰˣʱתܣΨԼɵųľը
ɲǼ䣬һɫӰԹսзȴǺ㡣۷⣬һѩӰԣһѩӰԽŶ˳˹ȥ̧֮䣬һâת۾ͽһ˴̵֧顣
ɱ룬̧һ֮䣬һ峺ļʱ˲һƬռ䣬ŶƶȥΧ֮ڵĶˣ֮Уһ¾ͱʵ÷顣
һ˾ֵشţۼһλӵʥҲɱʱһеعֽԶȥ
ҶҾĻܵĻ᣿һͨ׷ʹ
Ҫɱǣս֮УȴæҶ˵ЩᣬɶĲӬһǵȻСȴǲˣȥ׻ͳЫ弸ҵǵϳǣûܰ쵽ˣӦ÷һЩȥѰǵϳ
áҶһͷЩһȷʵǿǼ뵽ͻƽĶ֮УȴΪһɲСƽҲá
һ˳ȥ˲Ҫɱ⣬ֻҪβ棬һʱӦ


586 ϳ
ЩǱرţΪʥҲ޷ԦЩսֻƾűǿ֮бһȴǼ
Щһɢ⣬·ȫһ£һȺӬһӴȥʱһɢһ㣬ȴ˲֪׷һɺá
Ҷɴ˻صս֮УսͣսеԲԶԶع۲ŶǵĶ򡣽أҾȵطȻɢȥڷֺ׷ʱʼͬһȥ
Ҷ㲻ɢʥƶԲͼǸֻһСޱȣʯʯûһ
ﵱйŹ֡ƶ̲סָ˵ԶûʲôˣһǱȥġ
ȹȥҶһͷսʱǿһ޿ռ䣬ǰȥ֪Щһ֮ϡ
һҶʱչʥѰúҵһ޴ҶǶһʯɽײͨڿʮɣŷҲܽС
·ѨȴЩխƹսȻ޷룬Ҷһʥ߱սٽսһͬ붴Уס
ǱӦڰĶףȻһƬΪܶ϶ľʯյõ¶ȴƻһ㡣
Ƕ봦ȴһɸߡɿĽɫŻȫǾϵʻΣɢһʥ
ʲôȻ
⡭ƶȴĿһռţĺʥ֮
ĺʥ֮˶һ
ǶϵãƶˣһҡεԴ
ȵȡͻȻһ֣ƺˣСʱ˵ĺʥһֿռţʲôˣֻʮǿ󣬲ʥֻҪóĿռ֮Ϳѵⶫ
ǡƶæͷ
ҲˡʱһԴԣСʱ
ԣǶҲԴһͷ
һ˵ͳˣǾͱņˡӵһۣƶƺźϤ
ƶɫһ죬λдһռţǻǰʥս֮ʱΪĺʥ˶õġȻѾ٣ΪѺõļȴš
Ŷ˵˵ͷٲ¡
漰ʥս֮£ǲҲգ˾Ҫͽ˸顣ΪһսУ˻ʥǱʥѣǱзʥ򹥻ȫûκû䣬Ƕĺޡ
ƶεؿˣٶ˵һ仰ˡ
ѹЩȥ硣ͷǹȥйսԲԶʥҲͲһζϹ׷ЩܵĶȴһˡ
ŵһߣӦǶ˵ϳ˰ɣ۾Ź⡣Ȼŵһսû񫡣
šҶǰһְ̧֮ϡ
Ǳ߻֪ʲô²ӦС𣿡̲סʺƶ˧£̫Σ˰ɣ
ΪΣգŲҵĻðաҶȴû©ƵĻתͷ΢΢һЦԽˣԽӦΪԼߵ˸Σ֮±ӱܣñǲųǱɡ
˵ţʥʱһ죬ţĽɫű㻯һˮתγһС
תݣȴʧֻתƺſ״̬ˣ޷͸Ҷԥؽʥɢ⣬ȴУ޷֪̽һкʱһ̤롣
һƬ⣬ˮţڲԶǰȴԼһâţ·ǽˮĳһ㡣Ҷǰȥǹâһƣһʥɢȥǹâʱ˽ˮУҶһǰһã֮С
һƬɵģɢž޴󣬲ʱӿ𣬷಻žž졣
Ҷ֮֮ϵһʯƽ̨ʮƽ̨֮ϣռŻתһعڵϣ߽ţӭλ
һ̧ͷľȻһʥˣԼͬʱȴŵþһǷӦ죬ʱƽ̨һǰ͵Ĵ
ǹƺȴרΪƵһ㣬󲻾ãԶ֮бӶɱ˹ȥ
Ҷ̧֮䣬㽫ƽ̨ļ˸ɵùĵĶһͷʱֻͬһѣŵûˣƽ̨µȥУҶһָһʥȥѾƬɢ֮ϡ
ʱǼ֧ɱһȴ֮࣬ͷʥˣһҶ㣬һ۴Уôӣʥ˾ȻҴǶ󸲿䣬
һУɱ˺
Ҷ㾲ٶˣȴ·ֻһȺӬһ㡣̧֣ȡ˺ħѣһ֮һƬööĵ֮УȴµӰӷӶ
ɳߣߣſ֮³һСЩԭɶҺɵУħ֮ȴݻ˴лĶУһ涾зն˶ǣÿһУʱ˵
Щ˲δֱնУֻǱǻǵһƤ⣬ʱ䣬ǱջƤٵӣʹȫƤýڶ˶ھ֮дУȴ޷ֹⶾӣˤ֮С
ɸߵԳ˳һɫĳëһĺ˪ֱ֮۳һȭףϡһԾ𣬻ȭڿһʱһλʥ˴õձѡ
һ֮䣬˪мɽͬһֻֻСȭͷһ㣬ţȴˡǱСмߣ޲ʱȫӲֱӶһȻԿ£ˤ֮Уû
֮£һɶ೤Ľѩ㲻ôˡȫںģ·һҹɫ˳һ㣬趯ȴҲܵ÷ɿ죬һײ붾Уײٶˡ
͵һſڣһӰзձ֯һµĺɫ籩һϯķУֻһ˲ҽвֹȴӳ
ڷֹϢ֮ʱʱһѺɫĲ֫塣
һʥ˱㱻ħū޻ɱٶսʿҲһеȻвӱӵٿĶˣҲвѩٶȣûܳԶͱһӰֱײˡ
һˣȴܣԳһӣΧʱȫⶳһײͷѪҲ̶á
գȫ
Ҷ㽫ħūջغħʱޱȴҴҵռԾ˳һΧһظˣΪʲôΣգһ¾ͳ˹ԭֻһȺϺз
Ҷ˵ҶҾһȴռ˳һܣֻһʬǣŶЦ
Գͭһ죺ôҾ˵˲°ɣ
ǺǣǶ˫ȻܴɱķǶȺٺЦ˵
찡뺣ƶһ߳һΧǼսľ󣬲ɴһƲ૶ҶҶʦôô඾ˣһ˾ȫɵˣ
ҽʱһʵƶӦΧһ˵̲סȻ
ҶЦЦôҶˣǱɡ
˵һץȴһزĶץһʥڣǶʱƵ˹
ȴҶһûɱ


587 ޳ܵ
ۼԼһȺʥ˻ǿ˰Χλ߽׵Ķŵʱ˿ӣǱ׳ؿʼҶģʲôֻҪһԸţʲôлĸ֮ơ
һҲĸףˣӡ
ϻӰһۣûĸôģ
һﵱɣǶ˵ǲǡǡ˵ŲغٺЦ
Ҫ̫аˡĨһѶͷϵ亹ݴ˵ʥս֮ʱһʥ壬ΪͨǸǸһµ⣬˶ΪʥսĿռѺۣߵĺиһӵСȾʹַͨĳֶؽ˸ˣΪǵūپķչĹģ
ȻƸŵͷƵġǶȼæˣƿǶȣһЦû
ûʲôȻ״ǶȺһۡ
ȴ鲻ԽԳͭĿԳ̲ͭסһۣ㿴ҸʲôԴʲô߰أ
ûû֣еɻȴ͸¶ĵ뷨
Գ̲ͭסæͣǲҪ룡Ҳֵ͵ȵˡԼѪʹ֮޻ķӤʱ仯ġֻѪÿһҪ볤ɣҪСʱѪûˣһ˵ѪҲͶˡҲˣǲŽΪޡǡĸޡ
ôһͣҶȴˡ
ޣǰʼ˵ʥްɣʡ
ǵġԳͭ˵ͷ
Ҷ㲻뵽ɡ˵ǽԳѪҲˣűӱŬҶʱȫˡ
޷ģΪֻʣһֻԳޡΪҲʥ޵ĺһֻԳޣȴû˵
һ֮󣬰˻ʥ㽫޽Գˡ
Ҳ󲿷ʵйذɡޱ˵ǵĿУ˻ʥ˲ǵļ硣
пܡҶһͷĿͶǶ˵ϣһָΧ
ҲˣҪɱ㣬ɲǼҷ𡣡˵˵÷ϻƭʵָҵǶ֮ȥǵɰȻҿ
ʥһŴ붾ڵһʥʱʹǶ˸оȫѰʹ࣬ŵüæУСĲңСĲңСһʥ֮λʥСɣ
ּ̧䣬Ҷһʥ˴ڶָһͬԶԸ˾Ϣϵػκβ
ƺҲǶ࣬ΪƬ̺ͷȴûκصʥЩֻòκԼ磬ԸɴҲҲˡ
ⶾ˵磬ãһޱߡ磬Ƴ˶֮⣬ȷʵҲûϡ
˴Ȼλʥ֮ӰĴ󣬵һʥڴ֮ƶҲһ㡣ֻҪö˱ԲŲҿ١ˣ֮ҲѾĿĵء
ȴһ֮ϵľ޳ǡ˵ǳǣȴ޳ǽֻУеľȻ紬һ㸡֮ϣسظ
лţһҲ֪ѽ١
ǶһָһߴĹ˵ˡ;סߵĴһС
ϵǵٺһŵöһ£æͷϵáϵã
Ҷ˵ͻȻһʱѾǹ֮Сʥʱ޹˼ɵչһ±㽫֣ʱ˳ʥ˵λá
һ֮УʥĶȴаλ֮࣬ʵǿ󡣲Ҷһо㷢Щ֮ǰЩһ㣬ʵǵ¡ҶУʵ֮ͣҲҪǿ̫ࡣϵĶһΧۣܸв
һϣҲһ
ʵȻۣٸһȴҲǿ
Ҷ㲻ൢʱ䣬ʥɨֱҵ֮ڼʥ֮ʱɱ˹ȥ
һ֮Уȴһʢ磬һ󸹱Ķ˴ŻĳۣͷϷ֮ϣЦţ߾žƱҪ·ϯϵ˸ɱͻȻһʥֱӳڵУʱһ㶣û
Ҷǰ
ʱ·ϯеļʥȴӦ˹ʱһݡҶҲǣֻǶ֮ȥȴǼĴճȥסм㽫֮նɱһ顣
ҶֱڶǰĿⶢסʵǶ
ڻûʱ·ҽͷһʥĶ󸽫ѾĸڴնɱһѪŵþʲôˣôӣ
󵨣ҶЦһǶ˵ϮҵսǲǴ󵨣
мֵɫ͵վ˶ΪʱҪƴʱһȴͻȻſһɫĶȻתܡ
ҶѾ硣ĲһӿǶɣջ硣
ſһһʥʱ˹ȥסֵشʥʥ
ǵȴǰǶûʲô
ˡĵ˵Ǹǿߴ˳̣²ʱռ˺ôܡǽЩֵ壬ΪиߵƲķ
ⶾ˵ȴ۾һתһʥȻҪĵͳȥҶЦһһ֮ǵʥҵ𶯣ʱʹڵϷ
˶ŵûɢһӵ£ֱſڵϣɪɪ
ʵ˵ǷҪͻƽ֣һ𹥴׻Ы壬Զһ壿Ҷʡ
ǡǣ󺹣ȴʹġʱʥָƽڴٲҶǰˣʲôʵصͷشţҲֻǱȣѶΪ֮ǲ׻ЫЩ߹Ϊеġ
翴ˣЩɱһģ̵ô£ʱʼ˵ûøС
ȷʵǱСˡⶾŵͷ
㡣ٺ׵ŶһΣҲûǣǵ˾͹ǵսҲǱΣ
⡭⡭һãȻ·ϯ䣬У˭֪ô£
֪ʱһ˼æһߵָŶҶ˵ʥ񰡣޵Ϊ̰ͼӦͻƽһ𹥴߹İ׻Ы壬Ϊ˱ʾ⣬ɳʮλ󽫺սʿǰȥ֧ԮЩ󵨽ʿλս˴ɡ
˵ţޱȵؽеλʥСһ壬ҪЩ߹ΪУǲȻн֮
Žŵ鳼ɱ֮ʱһϴ𣿡
ޣҺʱôǶһתʱед󳼶ֻ㲻λǲǣ
ûˣԣȫʥǣһƵİ
˷
ǶţȳȥһƲ¶һı顣


588 
סڡҶһ仰зһĽͣһսսغˣٲҶ˵һ䡣
Щ鳼ߺߵ
һͦʱͻȻһüߵŴȥһģػһȴ˾ӡ
жˣޱʡ
˰ɡһɵ˵
ⱨŵģĺ棬Ŷʡ
ûţûţ֡ɺϰɡ
ɺ̣ȥһţߵöҽһһؿѪ
һдáҶ˰ֹ֣˻Ҫߵһ̧֣ʥʱߡ
ߣñ¿һǵʵҶһ˵һߴ⡣ҶҾһ˸ں棬Цݣ·ǳȥսɽˮ
սʿأƶŶƸں棬̲סλ̫˵۷ϧǹʥȴҲսʿ̫ӣŬıѾ͸ʥ͢ҪùʥҲӵսʿǡ
ţһսһ̲סҶ㿴ֻɱıӰΰ÷һĵơ
һ棬̧ͷһֻǰѹѹһƬӿ˹Ѿһʥһɨ˶֪һȺȴ֮ڣӵĸǶʮʥˡ
Ķ˴ڲӿֻԶ
ˣʱȴ͸˷֮ɫϿ콫£Էһ·վǵġ
˵꣬Ƕȸһͣļһ䡣
ͶɣʱһȺͣĶ˴ȴ˳ѾǲҪ翹ˣʥһ£Ǿͻᱻն࣡Ȱǿʥұǲ
ţŴͷַǶ˳ȣǲΪʱ䣬ʹĿƣʵޱȾǵǵʥ˫ĴʥǸҶǶ岻ǱҪҲҪƴˣ
ȥ̵ġһŽһ߷ɳɶԶֱײһϣžһײһ࣬ŵΧһڶٲ˵һ仰
ﶫҶģ죬һǵһμô޳ܵ飬޳ܾǵƵġ
ȽǰЩһɱˣ֪ǵҶһ򿪣ʥһ˳
ʱɸߵӰƽһâ˸֮䣬ŵһ˻ɢ
Ҷ˿ûбһӺħѣħūһ˳ʥһŶ˳ȥ
ޱһʥʱ˳һХųһһƬֱӷɳоͰǰʥˡ
ѩӰХһ뺣һԾһƾڵкֱײһ׳һ޴ļУʱɱˡ
ǼĴһ۴˷֮ɫͬȺһɱ˹ȥâ𴦣һ߾ʬշ裬ֱ·ǵͻȻ˼俪ʼɱķһ㡣
ֱӱ仯ʮɾſһ棬һƬƬˮ
Գͭٺͬʱ֣Ҷһǧ˾ٶҶҾսʿһ˳ܼŵȺ
һʱ䣬ؼҶҾǿǷڵʥ·Ҫ˵һ㣬纣ӿһ˾ֵؼţƴضţȴһˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ǧʥ˱ɱ
ʣµĶȫˣͣԶٲǰѾŵ˿ӡ֪ǰһȺʲôˡǲʲôʥˣħǵħֻΪոڣǵǵˣֻ·һ
һɱ֮󣬺󷽵ĶȴٲǰֻԶֵš
ţҶ֪аٶʥ˾ۼһǿҲԵֵɱöԷ֮ʱ֣ͣ߸߾𣺡ҪǵţͶ
ͶͶҶԼ͵մһʥɢȴеĶǷҪǲٷ
һڶ㿴ҿ㣬նеʵվڵأٲǰ
һʱûס֣һѾ˳ȥʱһƬҽ֮ȴһ±ɱɱٶˡ
û˶һֻ¶˶æС
ʵУҲûз˼һѾ׵ȴǸӾ֣ˮһȥ
𣿡Ҷ
롢룡ҲʱͷʥʲôԸ˵ɣСһհ죡
áҶһͷҪӦٲͻƽΪ飬෴Ҫ˻ʥʾЧң˴ˣǵĶǳΪ˻ʥĳ֮ǡͻƽԸ׻Ы壬ǱҪҺɱԿƽ壡
⡭¶Ϊ֮ɫ
Ҷһ仰û˵ֻʥ˼£ʱҽͬˡ
ͷô˵šһѡ
˵͸ƨһԳͭ˸ıȷ㵱ʱѬһͷţһ󣬾ʲôûˡ
ô𣿡ʵ۾ǰʡԳͭһۡ
и⡣ʱ͵һҶͷϺٺЦ˵ǵʥһһй϶һʥٴһʥǸģҶ㣬һʱǷǣ
Ը壬⵹ʧΪһ÷ӡҶ㻺˵ͷ
ŵû겻壬еοæͷⷨӲһ㲻˷ǲֻ˸ӣ˷ˡ
磬ǿҪĴʥޱǵ˵
˿ڣٺʱǰʡ
ǵģǵģæͷ
սʿж٣ʥж٣ٺʡ
ʮսʿ˰ʥʵػش
㣬˰ٸٺ׿ЦһҪ񣬹ƻǿİɣ
ҪôࡣҶҡҡͷЦݵݡֻҪеĸ߲סͺˡ
ٺһ죬Լһ޴һ۵ˣôʱҲ벻ͨˣ
Ҳô¡Գͭ˵˵һĶǶֻԺһʥˣº󣬶סԲϴ̼ǵ壬ʹ֮ҲԲϱǿӦģҲԿֶʹһ·ҪжߵǶͳȺֶΡ
̫ˡٺ̲סͷ
޳ܵ壬ҲָֻΪ޳ܵİ취ͳΡ˵
߽֮춼ټҶŶص֮У
ǡǣʥĶҲӣһʥɢȥ֮󣬱ʮλʥ
һ䱸ؽУһλλҶҾǿߣĿг˿־֮ɫǱϾʥǿߣȴûͨĶʧ̬˲ݵľٶǾֱǰŶ򵹡
磬Գͭ˵ޱһСѡ
֪ҶһͷָܲܽڶʵǵĻϡ
һ˵һ͵شʮʥֱӷʮʥˡ


589 ׻
ʾ֮£ʮʥ󸽫ûзʥסԼ·档
һ΢Уʮʥ˶Ӧʥµһɫֲ࣬˱Թ
ʲôҶת·ǰĳˡ
ǶսսػӦʥСС
ԽǶġҶ˵ĵλ붾൱ලһһΣ׻ЫľٶֻҰƶԸңֻҪһұʱҪҷѾڴʥʥʧʱܸӦѾǵĿռŻԶǺһˣҲʱ¾𣿡
ˣˣһ֮ȴϲüɫ衣ССһʿͻȻܼ֮ලġǿڱԴϡ
ɫȴǱüѿѿѿЦ˵һ£ȫΪʥЧ
ҲΪʥЧԿֺ˵
һ۵СＫȨԼԼȴǼֶΡһҪԼȨƣֻȫȫҳҶ㣬ģҲɱֹ䱨šһҶǱʱܸӦȴһرա
°ɡҶʮʥһͷȥķʿǹڰ˻ʥ͢عϽκζ˵벻ʥϽ磬ɱ⣡
ʮʥսսصͷӦ˳ȥ
£ȴҪռŵˡҶת΢΢һЦεõŻģ
ʥ㻰ش𣡡嶾С
ǡǣͷռŻԹžһƬǺ֮У䱻Ƿ֣ڴ˴ΧޱȣҲƶţ׵ڲõôʮַ㡣ʲôռšȴӲ֪ѵʥ֮ʥҪȥֻԭ㽨֮ҲԹȴ޷ƶ
˵Ŀȫģʡ
޺޵غһۣѵһҶʥ˵ٻ
ǿ˵׼Ц
ֱߺߣֲҷ
ǺΪ֪Ҷ˵ȫ嶾˲жʵϢҵ
ǣ͹һ𹧾ʩ
Ҷ㲻Ըٶ࿴Щ޳ܵļһһۣһ֣һڻٵ뿪ǹصռ֮أٵشԽء
뿪ǸطˣһصǻʯǵĶУٺ׾ͳһǸһƬĻɣЩͬһ˶ģһ˾ܲˣܲˣ
ս֮ʱ𣿡̲סҶ㡣ҾЩһＫɿ
ֻǰæơˡҶһЦǺװŻõġʮսʿֻǱڳһƴļҲõ˼ɣ׽ҲҷսʿһЩġ
ԭˡƻͷ˼
ǼʮһЦ˵Ȼĸ˵һȺں֮ڣûƨãٿȥͦ˵ġ
ɫһ죬ƶȴ̲סЦˡ
ҶռţͻȻɢһʥΧ֪ʼоռŵĽṹɣʱޱ˻֣һ˵лطɳ˶ȺҶܰع۲졣
֮Ҷջʥͷû뵽ĺʥǰʥ֮ţ
ƶ𣿡һֱվߵޱʡ
ƶû⡣ҶһͷЩ˲֮޷֮ƶͨʦֱ֮ܽƶô
һЦּ̧һʥռŰʱ״һ΢𶯣·һ㣬ţŻ㻺ظڿС
Ҷ²ͣס䣬һʥȴϴռڣڲṹı䡣Լһ֮ҶһͷѾ죬Щ޷һͷ򿪴š
˵ţռװ֮С
ŵĽṹӣҲơ˵ֻȱٲ϶ѡȥ󿴿׻ͳЫǱûֲϰɡ
ЯַɳҶҶֱӷųսµǴ
ǼλЫ򵼣ĿҶƽ׳٣һһҶħūޡʥǾ̲סľֻáսƺųƺҶ㣬ٺʲ
ˣҶȴǸӹ
ֹǣƶͶڼʶҶʵҲаԾ̾ƶҶıȶ֮УԼʥ֣֮֮ȴһ¡Ҷֲܲ˵ˣʱֱӻʥʮԼҲ类ɽ̿ˡ
սǺкǰһ·£һŴǸǴǱʥţսһӽʱʥѯʡЫ֮ϵʥʱͬս䡣
֮󣬹ս㽵һ֮С
Ⱥɽ꣬ޱߵĲԭӱСϪ飬һ֮⣬ȴǻ顣
һ֮УȴҲûж˾סϡĽУʾǳؾϡ١֮ǰ˵׻˿ڣһоͲˡٰ׻ˣҲֻҪôһǱ㹻
սڳĲԭϣһأʱϰλԳ˳ӭӡЩг˳Ы⣬һȺһëĸߴӡ
ЩģҲ߸ߣһüΪ׳ֻƤ£ȴסԽˣȴԽԳǵı뺷֮ȴȫҸ𺳡ǶŽ뻢֮ףָҲżצһ֪ǰ׻ˡ
Ҷһȫսּ䣬Ҷ㽫ս磬һڰ׻˺ͳЫ˵΢ЦΪ
ӣȺУȴмλ׻˺ͳЫϵõһʱɲһ
û㾹û̫ˣ
ļһﰡʮȴȥˣֵˣ
ˮס⼸λѣЩһȻôǿ׳ˡ
Ҷ㾲һԣǱһţ߱顣
֮󣬼˷ֿһλ׻ɻҶˣʵЩǣ
ҵĶˡæҶˣ񻹱ʯУ֪²ŵýѡ
ţ㽫¶˵ˡһԺ󣬲ɶҶȻ𾴣Ҷ㹰⣬Ҷ㼱æ˫ʵһ
ҶߵһˣȴִСֻ֮ʱȴ¶ɻɫǸӦϢڲͬﲻͬ˵
ζǰҪ뿪ġͻȻôһ䣬ȴ
ⲻðɣһλ׻üӣȥΪЫսЫֵܶȷʵڹգʹǲòѡ뿪ͬˣЫѾȫڳȫˡ
ǰһЫ˵ͷ׻ĴǣѾȫתƵ˰׻ϣ׻ֵסһ𣬰ȫúܣðʲô˰ɡ
˼Ҫٺ̲סҶ


590 ռ
⡭Ҷ㣬ɫе㷢졣
ʧͬԸһֱġȥѶչ˲֮ʱǻȻȥΪ˲ѣأЫѾ𣬰׻ͳЫѾӵ˰׻ϣʱԼҪ˳ߣ
̫ˡ
ҼһǵҶ˵
ԡһ׻˵ͷǵӶˣǵһὫΪϱ
һЩ˽˳֮УĴУһλŻ۵İ׻ˣһλڵĳЫ˽Ӽǡһλ߱ǰס˵֣˵û뵽ʮ󣬻ټ㣡
λ¡ˡԭµʱĲǶ𡣡
ûʲôûʲô׻֣ʱֻŶԸЫ壬Ҳֻ֪ȡչˣȴǵĲԡ
ǵġЫͷʱЫ˳ɧǣǷֱʹδܣ֪㵱ʱҲΪǿǣž롣Ϊˡ
һ£λҵĶҶ㡣æҶһ˽ܸλߡ
˫Ҷ֪׻ΪХڡЫΪЫ桱
Ҷһ˽ڤʥ򣬻ɱ޾ִȥ¼λ߶мӡλһһҶҾһں󣬲ɶüҲԼһϢеر𣬵ر˵塣
ô˵ɡλʱʱشԼɴǰһҶ㿪˿ڡһߣλʲô˼
⡭׻Х΢һԥЫЫ濪˿ڣӵ£ж˱һȴǲס˱Ͼˣʥ˵ĵֻԼҲԸɡ
ԸⲻԸ⣬ӦԼǡ˵ȻǵĺѣһֱǣҲ˾ͽڴˡ
ʲô˼ХĿһ
ʲô˼ԼסЦһʥ֮ĽᾧҪģˣǲԸ뿪Ҳ⡣ôֱӽ˼˴ԼͲ˰ɣ
ʲôСЫҲ¶֮ɫѣ˵ҪСЩ޶˶˺
Щ壬ǰС˼Хںһ֮ǰǸСҲˣ˵ߣдôߣ̰ͼһ
СʲôСҶһ
ǰ˻ʥһλϽлñġЫ治мغһһʼǻΪ˸·ƽӢ֪ȴֺôǽǵġֱӱǾܾˣҲ֪ȥˡ
Ҷޱһۣü
ñȻһܵ¿Ȥˡ
ǺɲһΪһã
Ҫ˵Ҷһ֣תλߡλԶĲ˵ڿƽҪǿսΪľ塣ҶȥȴԽһսΣʹӢµսʿظһĺ£
׻ЫʿХ˵ǻõ˵Ѫ֪ǿ߹Աɱᱻܣ
˵úãɼ仰ǰ˻ʥʿԣû뵽ЩҲ뷨ȴĹ
л佱Хڴ󺺣˼ֺøС
սͿԱⰡޱ̲ס˵ֻҪ嵽˻ʥǿĺܣͻƽٴĵӣҲֱӺͰ˻ʥսʱͲսˣҲԱѪⲻǸã
ǸЫ浭һЦΣ֮£Ͳ˰ɣλͣǻӭʱʱϱ֮ԴһǨ֮£ǸλذɣǻҪս
һ˻ҪڣҶȴ˰֡ŵ˵Ϊѵ񣬵һЦСӵļ򣺡̫࣬Ҿ㱾ҲͼЩʲô뽫һӵأΪҲǵ֮ǰȴ֪𣿡
ǵġѹص˵ͷ
ԽˣԽöԲҶ㡣˼ʲôҲͼһֻΪãȴ飬ǻ͸
ҪԲ飬Ҳ
ɡҶ㽫һ˵˼Ȼž۰ɡƾһʱҹͨǴսʼҪ֮һʱΣ
ˣ⡭ˣѹصͷ˼Ҷ㡣
û£û¡ҶЦļ򣬳λһ֣λ˵öԣ֮£ԭӦ֡һȥδӣչһԼѡҶĳǿ󡣼ȻսڼҶĳ㲻š
롣ХЫ涼һΪ֮⡣
һҪ鷳λҶһ˵һ߽һˣȴռҪĲϡǸʦҪһʥȴȱԭϣ֪λ֪Щԭϣ
⵹˵ЫӦһºһͷҪǸҲһЩռĽᾧЩڸм϶СռĽᾧﵹв١
˵ŽЩҶ㣬ͬʱ磬һööӨľ˳ǰѳСɽһ㡣һЦǵĶˣЩǵһ⣬°ɡ
òôࡣҶֻȡһС֣󣬱㹰ָǣת˴ȥ
ͷü˿λߣغһ
һߣȴλ鲻Խزһ¡Ȼ࣬ȴ벻СļһΪƣȻǿΪ֮֡
Գͭͷ˵һۣ̾һתȥʲôҲû˵ȴһ̾ʤǧסȭͷ̧ͷ
һ˳˹˹սٺ̲סʣľôˣ
ȻΣҶһЦǱϾǿΪѡȻ֪ǵʵ֪Ȩ⣬˲ûǣ˽ǡҪ뿪뿪ܱǵİ׻ЫߣҲһԸ⡣ǵǿֻ»ʧġǲܺ
治İš
ЩһﵹǺú˵ִ̫ˡ
ΪǺúǻҪǡҶ˵һ˵һ߿Źսգ뿪˰׻ǣǼǶȥ
ʲô㣿ޱʡ
ռšҶ˵һڰ׻Ǹһʱ֮Уعͨ
ˣԳͭһĴȽǰռڰ׻֮ϣһ׻ǾͿһȻûȥҲȥûʲôˡʱ֮һ˲֮£෽㣿
û˶Ž
ҲûӲҪҶһЦһеƳռʱ˵ɡ
ñǼһô£ͨ𣿡ٺʡ
ܼ򵥡Ҷ΢΢һЦ֪˵֮º󲻾ã뿪أ֮󲻼Ǹʥʱ㽵ּȥʥһ룬ȴ˳ʥǰ⣬Ϊľǽ֧ߣһ
ֻϧѽŪɳ׾Ц˼Ұ׻ͳЫҲǰ׸ģǰһˡֻ֪ȥˡǸ򡢻ƽ˰ɣ
Ҳδ֪Ҷ΢΢ü֮һСıˡ
˵ţսЩǶȥ֮󵽴㿪ʼɲϡûãռҪĲϣȴˡ


591 ս
ȡ¯Ҷ㽻ͶУһʥʥ¯ڣûöã֮£ЩϱȫҶʥʥı仯ı̬ṹ۳һŻ״
ʱ֮ϸ壬ҲɳƵ۵Ż˳Ҷһ֣Ż¯зɢȥһȣǰ
ţŰƶɴ۾̾šδ˰Ҷ֮һ֮£ȴǾΪˡ
ԳͭҲǳԾСǱͲ֮Ҳ֪Ҷ˺ֵز
ؿţȻԣӺƶıȴЩʲôҶ㣬ֻǰظߴԼ˵ĵӣеĿ֮˲٣֮ȴ˼֡
һ뱾£ǲǾͿݺʥȫ޵ˣ
úĻǷһȫأ
ĥ
ʯһڴˣһҪüͷָˡҶЦЦ˵
⵹ģЦͷǼһë
ŻһԣڸѡһطһúãһȥظʱֻҪʥʥͨռͨʽˡҶ˵
ǻʲôٺ˵ǿ߰ɣ
һڰ׻Ǹһѡһ֮أһŻװãʱ·ȥ
ȽսʿͻǵĲ䣬ҵȥҶʻ
ʵ˵ǿңҲ뿴һء˼˵ܽͨĻҵᵽǱȥ֪Ԩ̫СˣֵطúǼѣһ֮ǻӡ
㿴˼СǣǶʱĴָǼֵʱһͷޣûСе΢ˡ
һ˳Źսٵ·ȥΪһ·ЩС˲䣬ʱѾǴ䣬Թȴǰ࣬˱ʱֿ˲٣ջصذޱϡ
ҶһõһϢʥһϣбдʥʯԴˮеģʮλʥʦλʦЩʦҲǹʥʶ͸Ҷ֮һǲù黹ġ
ʦ໹ǧ˵ĽЩԭǺƶսʿһĹǶ̫ӵġ
ʵϣЩȻҶ֧ʹãȴǶ͵һݴ
⵱ȻǴϢΪ׻ͳЫ¶Ĳ죬ʱ嵭˲١
սڼҶȴҪʱ׼ǽι۸ֽĪܡ
ЩʥʯԴˮҶȴʥʱһսȴܴռˡǵ㣬ΪԵıϾƵǿˡͻƽˣǳҲ֮ǰǰһȻҪΪǿ£ȴҪȫ׼ųɣΪˣר˰ȣҪǺͰһá
ȻҲӦҶҪҶѾ̫̫δʥʣƨҲͨҶʲô⡣֪ҪЮʥʶȨ϶ˣΪҶˣеδʥʣΪԶȾ˶ΣĥŸҶùϵҲδʥʸùϵʱ˱һɵмһǷˮѹ
ԣ˷ǣԼĽɳǧˣɽ󽫾شŶ
ڰǷǵĺѣԷ֪ҶºλҲǴͨδķչȻҲԸڴ˿Ҷһ飬ǴŰܽһǧ׸Ҿһ
Ҷڱʾ˶ǵл֮󣬱ֱչΪսڼѹǱȴҲٶȴΪܿ㽫вþöʥˣϧطַȥ
ʥһˣҲõĵҩ֪ʥ֮һ𾪵õɴ۾
ɴˣҲ֪ҶʵҶһʶпܽύҶѣǰһһˣǿԼ
ۼԼʥеǿߣҶ˾壬ƲɸӵֺͦŸԼǰΣһ֪ǿʦļơ
ڼ䣬ٴʯʮʥʦٳѧͽҹͣæе˶⻰Ȼ٣ôʥʦĹͬŬ֮£ʣµǧ˾Ҳõ˳׵ʥװ
ˣҶҾ˾Уֻʣǧͨˣûװʥװٴʯ˵ٶҲǲԶˡ
ҶҾٶսʿҶȴǧٶȫװʥľЩһɣѹѹһƬգпǵˣ̲סϱɫ
˵ЩսʿҪǽ֣ٽǵĶ֣̲סʿء
˵صɫеѿĳֵĻѾֵͨʥˡǵĽܴ֡ù˵׼˵ĻûϷġ⻹ֻǵ˵ʵ֮սϵĸأҶñ
ǵɫҲüѿȻͻȻЦ
ԡԡԣͷɫҲָǺҶǹϵܵѽʥıˣܲܣĹϵǲᷢͻġ
ûûǼæ͡
ﶼһѺŰһֱҪͻȻ˷裬ҪҶ
ΪͲòǿ˿־ҶҾˣǿԼˣˡ
ڼ䣬кϢһֱھ޴ʥ֮Сʹø౦ӿٶȵ£ҶͥȻͻ˳ļޣҲʥ
Ҷϲ֮࣬æʹٻ֮ţҶͥûбʥ֮ߣǳʥֱ֮硣
һף֮Ҷ㽫󷽽ֳԼĵػصǰߣͬʱҲ·ȥϢʥ͢Լߵ£ҶֱͥӳΪʥϣ˱˳Ըս壬ֱԼˡ
µҲѰ졪ҶǴٳɰ˻ʥʥ˵й֮ǹʥ̫̫˵С£ǲʥ͢ɷ£˻ʥ͢Ҳһ۱һ۷Ҷõλ󹦳
һ׼׻һûκϢҶȴȵЩˡѵ˵ƽжˣ
ܰɣ
ϵȴǵòӦϵ壬ǱȴʾûйشսκϢ
ǹ졣
һ죬Ҷ㿴ʿǵĲл˼µʱһȴ顣
ȴǵλСӣǴſǻҶ㴫һµϢˣˣҲҪԭ°׻Ы֮֮ǰ˵ʲôҲҪȾǰ
ô£Ҷ㲻Ȼæ׷ʡ
ͻƽڴս֮ʼʾð׻Ы¾룬սߣǵȦף׻ͳЫĶ飬ǵİΧȦ֮УɱȴҲ֧Ų˶ˡ˵
սѾʼˣҶһüôû֪ͨң
ǡλε̾Ϣšǻ壬˽ֹ£ҪԼû뵽
һҶһȭʱҶҾ˴ȥһ
λĴսѾʼ̼ϣ


592 ս
ԽռţƬ֮䣬Ҷ˱Ѿ˰׻ǸһŻ֮ϡ
Ҷһ֣ʱзų˹սһ˽봬УҶָսи·ߣԶնȥ
սڰ׻ϣھ׻ҲңԶһʯһƬǿ֮Уݺ֮ԶȫǴССʯһУ˱һ֡һۡĸо
һǰҶȴһ֪ͨ˹Ҫö֮УȺԼʱ׼ɱս
ȻҵʱӦ
ʯвϴУһսԽԽʱǰͻȻһʥӿȴǷԵʥ˹սʱҶҲ˲öЩʥֱٶڳȥ
вǧԶһһƬʯ֮ɱ˹ЩһȫˣһƤڣϳźɫëĿ綹һ㣬ںڰŵâԶ·һƬСơ
ЩһĲߣңŸʽеǷеȴֻǼ̵ĵǹʵôʤ˴Եعһ£Ҳ֮ڡ
Ǻ壡ԳͭʱָԲ˵ȺһͶһʵ塣ʵͶҲɡǿצ
ҲУʱָԲһǾ
һʯ֮ҲɱһҲ֮࣬ȴһȺˡЩһƤ۾׶֮⣬ɫӰͷʱ£Ťڿзš
ǲ࣬ʵϰҲߴʥҲֻ°ȴǼܴﵽһɡ
ǻƽצˡԳͭ˵
һȺСߣҲǰ񣿡ЦһҶ㣬ҳȥԸǣ
ҪСġҶһͷתǡɸ࣬ؽ찲һͬսԸЩˡ
תԳͭһǧ˾սԸˡ
ǣͬʱͷʱɳսӭȥۼӽ֮һ·ųеսʿӭߡ
òðѶŪ˸ʡ
áЩһֻ̽ʵģ˵Ĵӻں档ҶҡͷЩֻܴ˳̣ǵȷ棬һӦҴ˵ʱӣǳ˶Էƣô򡣵ȹؼʱ̣ǳսƾͺá
˵䣬Ѿײһ
ȶֵģһǧ˾Щҳϵսʿһޱ飬̧׼ǰĺˣһ£ʱֳ飬ַǰһʱ䣬಻ϵͶ뵽˵Ķ֮УѪʱĽһ˷׷ױ顣
һߣȴȷһ໵غһȰѷǺͿһű͵һ·˳ʮɵľһײ˵Ӫ֮С
ȫɵˣĿУҲǴ˵дڵʥǿߣ˭˼ʾȻһԼǰɱ֮Уһʱ䣬˶סȴֻŷ˹
ǺͿأ֮ǰֻ˵Ҷһʥȴ˭Ҳûʱһ仯Σǲ֪ԭһһĿɿڴҲǺð֮ҪæŴɱȥ
ʱѾſûյÿвҽвֹһŵˮɢš
֮󣬺˺˲ſʼڶ֮࣬µҲơֻϧҲֻеƶѡҶҾ˾һ˵ķԵֻǵϲһ𻨣˾Цһȭľ޴׽һ˻顣
Ҳˡǿɢţʹǿ಻ԡʥǿ߻ãЩˣһʱѹסܷӰֱǱɱĵһ
ôҲﶤһվﲻɱҲ۸ɱһʵûʲô˼Ťȥսø˷ǡ
սʿǣֵʱˣԼؿһȭҪҶҾǿ߱ȥˣ
ǷûһΪҶҾȥеֹţǺҶҾȣôЩ߸أ
һ֣ǵķ֮Ѻۡ˳ȥмеʥǿߣۼܵȥ徲Ϊ˴õĻˣһ֮Ѻ۴Уʱ֮УһռѺ۸ӡһ˳ȥùֱӱʬ
Ҳ˾Ż˫սһͨգɱѪɡ
Ǳ߶Ǳ߶ںյŤӣʱצʾ⹥еøүƵġ
˵򰵼֮һڵĴ˺ź˵塣Ǹû򰵼ǿֻԴ˵УΪ֪ǿлں棬籩¶ʵû塣
ԳͭһԾȭ֮ͬȺһں֮Űɱúǿ޵
һߣһǧһһߣǧһȻͬսĽһ֮£ȴҶҾһǧ˾ĽȸЩ
ɱڽţȴֻǵɱߵʱսʿɱ֮ˣһһȺսʿ˰Χ벻֮ʱɢ͵سȥΧԼսã˵ϼ٣սʿȻϴˣȴûһ
˱ɱһ룬Ҳʧ˽ĳɵսʿ֮ʱܱӣɱĿشһҪ׷Ҷ֮ȴ˹Ī׷սսսƷȫصսϡ
ȻģҲΥҶ֮㬵شŶһصս֮ڡ
һսûʲôսЩ˺˲Сආûʲô÷˵ʥˣǿгƮʬ֮⣬ûʣʲôö
ɱʹ죡ؽսٺЦ˵Ҫ׷֤ܽȫˡ
ȫҲûʲô塣Ҷ˵Ǳ̽ǵġ벻ú󣬵˵ǰ
ʱɱҲ١ص˵ͷ
Ҷ󽫾⡣Ĵһ֪ȻҲǴ󽫾Ĵ󽫾ʥ͢Ĵ󽫾ɲͬûʲô̵ġԶսϵıá
޷Ҷ΢Цҡҡͷ
սǰȥһ·Ϸƽ˾ҶȴԼоһɾ޴Σգƽ֮СȻսǰ˲ӣʱһӶӱɱ˳
һγֵģɲǺ˺Сˣ֮⣬һӳųˡǵı³Ĺ죬ӥצһ㣬һ׳ȴԱȺ˺˶Ҫǿ
ʥˣԳͭæ˵Ⱥ˺ˡǺߵ֧ӣǿ˺ͻƽˣ
һָԲ󷽣Ŀ˹ȥҶͼŴֻʥ˺󷽣֧飬ǧңһ֧еˣһ۾ųһ̹⣬ݼΣĲ㽡׳޳ϵϢȴŨúܣһ֪ǿ塣
һˣҲߴ޳Ƥǻɫһȴɢ⣬Ŀ뱪֮䣬һϢҲǿ
ˡҶ΢΢һЦǱɱʹɣ
̸Ц֮䣬һѾͶһʿ֮СʱҶָӶսȥ


593 Ӫ
ҶҾһڳɱ֮ʱо֮еʥУʱһǿӭ
Ŀ£һʱצӡɲǼһĹâڿз䣬һɱ¾֮
˵˵Ϊڱֶ嵽ǰĿغĽǣȴһź˺˵ı׼ʥˣص͹˶Էһ棬ϰսʿâɱ¾֣֮ǹâɱˡ
ҽ𣬰ٶֱӱʬˣһʱλɢս
ʥ˵Цţλʥǿ߸ֱӳɱزסҲ治ǽеĴ󽫾һ˫սսλʥʥˣȻռϷ磬𣺡ʿǲҪңΣ󣡡
ʱʥʥɱ˹Ʊʱתһʱæң
ǴʧɫʱһеַųԼǿķ֮ۡʱһռѺиķһµס˲ʥ˵ĳƣȴһ
ҲʱҶҾҲ˹
ۼվʱҲ룬ܽһǧҾͳȥλŮӽֺּ̧ʥѪ۱ޱݺݳֱӽһλʥʥ˳ƤһѪɫԱγʱʥ˵Ķ֮УŰ
ںȡ첨߶߶֮£˲õʥʱųޱߵĲˮУʥ˵Ķ顣
һʥȡõʱסصĽʵһ
ǿɴ⣡Ҷ㷢һ֮󣬴ӳɱ
һ֣¹ⱦټӽʥǿµɢǰԶĵֻ֮ʥ̲֮סȥͣ˾͵Ѫùһжͱǿµ顣
ʱ˺˵ĶҲɱ˹޴ԶʤҶҾȴһ±㽫˰Χ
ȴûаηӣޱһЦ֮䣬ʥѾӶһ±㽫˵ĶײޱȣһХں˵Ķɢɱú˿޵
ѩӰһ磬˵ĶУ˵ĶӲָ˼֣βˡһȺʥյرţҪѩӰκһٶ̫죬гɺΧһ֮ܵȥˡ
ǼĴ¿ɸˣǿУֿȭͷֱӳɱʥˣޱߵѪ꣬ɱʥǵսľ
мʥʥ˳ɱȥò׽Ĵյסȴʱɱ֮䣬ʥʥ˱նƬ
ϢƶţٶȲѩӰڵбһɫķ籩֮ʱŶֱӳ嵽ʥܼ֮־ͷųһУʱո
ֱͣӻʮɾǾ㵵Ŀɢʹһսǰսſڷų棬ķ
Գͭž޴ȭͷһ˱㵲סһƬоһòײų˴Ƭ
Īܡ˸ٺָǧ˾ֳ飬ֱԸˡ˺ʥˡЩǿ˾ֳ˵ָ֮£ԶԶطܼͬٻһ㣬ϵĵˣ޲Ӧ
۹дѵľ֣ЦҲ󣬵žסǿµһʥը֮ˮ䣬Ϊ̫СѷҲ֪ԼǱʲô
λڶ󷽣ּȡ򰵼˺֮£ʱٻֱӷԷĶ飬ŰţɱöԷвҺһƬ
ۿҶҾչҲ˷һһԨսʿŵ˳ɱȥγʥսӵ֮ʣߴһͬԨĺӰˣɱõѪɺӡ
ƶͶƿҲѪڣ̲ס㣬ҲɱȥɣʦٶҶҾǣǾʲôҲˣ
ʱҶΪս϶ʧ罫ʮҶҾսʿɵߣǵĲǲƶսϹ۵㣬ͬʱָս֮ʱʱȴ̲סһͷȴٶҲɱ˳ȥ
ۼսеһߵ˼󷽵ĿͻƽڳˡжϢһһ㣬ٵػضһһ㣬һ´սǰֱĹɱȥ
һ£ص˱ʱվ֮Уһ֣ʱˣ
Ҷ㲻һü
ͻƽ壬Ǻߺʥӣʵ˾̾ľȻֻǧˣоȻϰλʥνʵǿޱȣܽǵĶγңһʱնɱֻ½ҪɾҶҾҲܺô
ʱҶХһһųǱҪԤӡʮֻͨԳʱȫս
ǱҶ֮սΧȴӦϣʱͻȻɱֱսڲͳ壬Ŀǿ塣
һ֣սʱһңǿʥޣЩ̲סȫս༶ߣֱͬӽʱһѣʧȥսͨԳһȭԼϡá
Ҷ㶢סеǿߣһһȵس˹ȥʥ͸ɱ⣬͵ӭҶ㣬ſڷ֮ȴҲķ֮սѡ
һȭŹȴҶֱ̧Ǵճȭֱӡһ֮ϣǼһһ˳ȥһѪȻ˲սҶһȭȻҲǿ¡
ٱκˡ
Ҷ͸һɱ⣬һ´硣ʱʥ׹ǰһɱǰײһ֮·
̧ȡħѣֱӽħū޷˳ѩԳͬʱ˫ǼΧҶʥˣûüʾԼԵľȣѾħūֱӷʬ
ʥ񣬳˿ͻƽ˵جΡǿڲǰӶǾ޴֮ȭݺݺţһƬƬˡƽֱӺ˽̿ʥǿߣҲǵһǾͬ͵Ĵè˴һ㣬ȫް취
ͷųЩҵı֮ҶҲţ̧־ʹħٴ󣬾ܽ˶УǺŵкըõѪɡ
ҵĹ֮£ƽ˵Ķ֧Ųסˣеʥ߾ֵصɴ£ԶԶԼĶ飬ôӵôµľ޴ĥս֮ȣȻεط֣ȻԼڶԷһս֮Уֻ³ûʲôΪ
ڳ֣Щ˺ˣűʥˣȻͻƽ𱪵ǿսʿҲʼûɢ
һɱʹ죡˷ܵشţҪȥ׷ϡ
Ǿ˵ģҶۼ˶Ҫһ׷ɱоʱȫҽսǵĿǱΧİ׻ͳЫ
ףӦҶٵػص˹ս֮С
˳ŵָսԶһŴǶȥú㵽Χ
ߡʥմţΧκ˶ܽӽҶϵһ֣͵ɱһƬҽӲɱһѪͨʹս׵֮УһɽС
սһ£һԹзɱشУˣˣ죬λֻѾ֧Ųסˣ


594 ȾԮ
ɽУǧЫˣڵ֮¾Ǳšһ͸ɫȴȴɾȻ򣬴Ȼ겻ûһСУҪȥԮԼ
ֻǾŵ
ЩսʿҶҾҲ˾⡣
ΣҶ㽫һߣʡ
λͰ׻ЫĴǱһԭС˵ͻƽʾΧϷǿѾ֧Ų̫ˡ
ʵ˵λ̫Դˡ̲סҡͷ̾ϢҶ󽫾֣䵽˵ز
Ҫ˵ˡҶһ֡ƽƴǱҪֶοٹ룬ʱɱǡ
ףʱͷ
ٵ϶飬սʿһʱ뿪ɽȣűȥ
Ѿ֮ǰһУˡ˶֪һֻΪ׻ͳЫ߲ԸҶ飬󣬲ձڴ˵ء
ȴΨһߣļ֮£ǧЫսʿΪԤ£δһ򾡡
ˣмһҪСġ̲סҶ˵ȻڲϽȴûȫ͹¾ڵǧЫսʿһ򾡡һֻ֣Ǿͻȫ֡
֮е¡Ҷһͷ£ǻ֪ʲôһ
֮ǣٴμӿٶȣһһűԭֱȥҶ޼ɵͷԼʥʱ˰׻Ыȷλá
һƬԭһ޴֮С׻Ы壬ڱУΧǱȵȫκΰ׻ͳЫսʿ޷ѳ
ʱҵؽսţһӶӵĺˡˡʥ˲ϵŰ׻Ы˷𹥻ɵıգ׳ۡ׻ȻֻˣȴʥǿߣǿޱȣҶԱ仯ɳİ׻ʥޣų籩
ЫҲ൱˵ãȻֻǧˣȴǧʥǿߣʥߵȻȲð׻壬ҲѾ൱ˣֻѰˡ
ƾôʥǿߣ׻ЫȻڰΧ֮УȴֵܵסԷĹƣȻһѾǾƣߵӣԷԲ׹ǵķߡ
ֻôȥֻЩʥǿ߾Ҫ
Ҷɱ˵Ķʱ仯Σ˵Ĵһɱ˹˵ס
Ҫ飬ȫ֣Ҷһɱ˹ȥ
ȻȫҶĶ֣ʱټϵǧЫսʿǾ͸ԵˡҶӳɱ֮£˵Ķʱ˺ѳһӣǿֱӳǰűгɱ
ԶԶģ˵Ҷɱбİ׻Ы˶ϣһ۾˹⣬ӳȫɱҪƣҶȻϡ
˴ʱȴʾ˸߳˵мʮλʥǿߣȻͬʱһ㻯ɳľ޴ߣѪɫӣﲻһµĶ赲סǰĽŲ
ٺЦţһ·ݶʮɾЩ޴ߣʱȥſһХӿЩȴʱͱɢ֮ʱʥ޵˱ֱӱճˮ
Ҳǲʾһʩչȫŵ͹Щ˺˸ǵĶ֣һñͷܣǱ
ʱʥ˵Ĵϰλʥʥֱӻʥʥޣɱ˹
һʥ˵ļ룬ʹսַŤתȻҶߵʵǿȴʤڶ࣬ѹѹѹһƬǵأͬͭǽһ㣬Թơ
Ҷһü֪ʱĲٱκ򱻵˽ʮĴסʵǿҲֻ·һʱ磬ʥ˳Լ¹ⱦ٣źħѻħūޣһֱŵɱȥ
ʮֻͨʥԳҲȫʩչǿȭɱ
һʱ䣬ѪضȾ˺ɫѪɺӡ
̫ɶˣʱһХͻȻ𣬿˵Ķڶ֮У͵طֳһˣһλĴ֮£Ҷһɱ˹λʥӿݣɢ˵α߷ɱ߲ϱ仯͵һ֮䣬һֻɾ޲ĵɱ֮⣬Ž
ôһУп˵б㶼͸ۿµĹâһȫڣʵȻƽ˲١
ʮʥˣڸӦǿ޲֮󣬾ȻҲȫ˲ͻɶ೤ľ޲һ𷢳һŽУɱ
ǵϢǿޱȣǿʮֻͨʥԳӦǵҲһâؿڣӭɱ˹ȥ
ײһ𣬾Ȼƽ֣
ǿˣƽһߣʱҲֳǧˣڰٶʥǿߵĴ֮£ɱ˹ߡʥǿߣֵ˼սʿ߶Ҫγһڣ׽ȥ·
ն㣡ɱ۾ɢźⶢס˿ɳľ޲򣬴ŻӸϣӭ˾޲
޲мһۣһ͵ǰһײػӦѾײֱ˳ȥԳһƺߡ
ˣǴţ־һ֮۴˹ȥǾ޲мţһѾԶһ͵ŷֱ˹ȥ
ٶ죬ǻ׼һȴѾ˽ǰſǰɭɭļֱŷҧ˹ȥ
ңʱȴţѪģǼʮ¸ҵĹսʿһž޸ž޲նȥ
޲۾͸һ˿м·ԼԵĲһȺвԼǿߣֻһȺСһ㡣һ⣬ȫȻ޾壬ֻǶס˿һˣ͵ؽһʱһµıϢɢͬĴһ˷չһ½Щսʿסס
ЩսʿӲţ־ģʧȥ˶ĿϢߣһƬ֮Ѿ˱飬ʣµĲҲѾӲ޷жֻƬ̣ǾȻȫ˱
صһλʥߣΣ֮ʣһǿӲЩϢľ֮˳ȥ˳˷ǡһ£սʿҪһʱҲ첨һˮϵ˾޲
ˣס˾޲ĽŲʹû׷ǡ
Щսʿ޲ֻ¶ֹЦţͻȻŴ췢һı˪ͬһһ㴵˲ͽһȺսʿֱӷⶳ
󷽣սʿֻմȾһ˪ӱýӲǺȻɫ䣬鲻Խȥ
ʱƽİλʥߣȻͬʱʥ֮״һʱ׳ɱǰһ±㽫ҶҾĳס
Ҷ֪ǷȫԼһ˽ʱһã׻ЫһᱻԷܣԼҲֻ·һ
ֱ׻Ыϣ
Ҷһҧ͵شһӻһһǰǾ޲
˻ʥ󽫾Ҷ㣬Ҫһ͵һȭž޲ȥ
ȱ䣬ھ޴֮£޲򷢳һҽУһ±ɳٶԶڵϵ£ѹһƬ֮ȴѾѪ˳
һһѪ˵壬ƾʲôǵ£
ƾǰ˻ʥأҶ˵ʱձս׻Ыƽദұ㱣֤
ʲô޲һЦҡͷ˵ûôˡ˼ܸңΪʲô֪ǿ𣿡


595 
ǺˣҶ˵
Ȼ֪ǿ֮Ӧףɱǵھ͵ˣź⣬͵һſڣҶ³һ˪ǡ
ͬʱӿһĺٵһڼʵļףȫԶԶȥһεʥһ㣬ɢ޴ӿű˪Ϣ
һ˪ǣҶӭȥһдճȭУʱޱߵĹȽ֮ơǱмһʱ䣬ڿڻˮٱɳ
һʱ䣬
ЦţҶ壬ǿҲ˵Ķ֡ĺᣬӵǻۣͬʱֿԱ仯Ϊʥ֮ΣøǿҵĶ֣Թȥɣǰ˻ʥ˲ͦôȴ˷ӣȻʼ˵ˣǿǻΪǴӴ
гϷ֮⣬ȻǲûнҶ
Ǳ㿴˭ɡҶ΢΢һЦ
̧֮䣬һħٴȷ˳߶ʮһؽΧһƬ˶УǿǱصĿռסһʱ䶼Ѳáһüͷ壬ܣȴͻƣǳطҶͻϮ
ʱһ밵ķȴ˹ص
ȻһԺʱӦ󷨵Ŀ£ȫҲԿħٴ͹Ȼһͻؿռ䣬˺ıը
ͬʱȻҲӦҶλã͵سХһײؿռ䣬һҶǰſھһĺҶ˹ȥ
ҶҲ˸ֲ޿ɱ֮£һһȭӭȥÿһɳʮɣһҶϣȴҲȫӲͬǵ˱һ㣬һʱ侹ȻڿУ޷ж
֮ɫŰһҶʱƴԼһЩˣҲҪȸɵҶ㣬ˣ˾ͻȺףעҪܸǡ
ʱҶȴ͵ؽȫʥ·Ҫһһ´˲䣬еĺɢҶĴճȭޱߵĹƺݺݴһ±˿š
һ֮УǾ޴Դ͵һΣճȭеմһѵ춯Ŵ˳Դζķһ˦˳ȥ·ССǣڿлһĹ켣
źˣ³һѪˮҶ㣬޲ʱ֮˺飬ҪҶþȥɱ֮ʱҶȴһöʥʥʱָ
ɰѿŵòᣬٲǰǼæʥųڵҽϵˡ
˷һ㣬ʱſ˿ڣһ˪ǽҶײȥҶǰճȭһܼһ˪ǻ飬ӭſȥ
壬ѶԸţֹͣ±˪ǣҶһǰͳ壬Ҷ˽սſҶǺݺһҧǼƷ·ҪҶֱҧһ㡣
Ҷһתֱܿһҧͬʱ˿Ĳ֮ϣ͵һȭ䱳
³һѪȴδԱƿ㣬͵һײײҶ֮ϣһ½Ҷײõ˳ȥԶһ͵صһצҶݺݵϣצӴ͸ħ£Ҳ͸ҶƤ⣬̳һƬѪۡ
Ҷ˵ĺâ˲֮£ȴǿһ밵ķȭϣ˴ײ֮˿µıը֮ȭͷһ´ڿͷϡϡ
Ǿ޴ıը£һҽУͷϵıױ󶴣µƤⱻըѪģȴò͵һ·ݣһצҶ˦˳ȥ
צӣҶѪۣѪ͸ħ¡
˫˶ǲᣬԶԶر˴˶ţȴ˭ûη˼͵ͬʱһٶǰȥ
˫ӽ֮ʣҶͻȻſڷһǺΪӽʥһ½Χϵļʱ÷顣
һһ֮£ȴ͵һһԣȻ㿪ӽʥĹҶŷųһʥȴһ²סһ¸ͷˤڵϡһķӦǿ磬ڵֻһ㵯ſֱҧʥϣʥȱĴֱӽ֮ҧ顣
ʱҶȴѾִ֮ſ³һ޴ı˪ǣҶȥҶһȴܣҲӲƣǻ˫ӭǱ˪ǡ
ֱ֮ϣӿһħ֣ħٴһħȭֱӽǱ˪Ƿָһصռ֮Уʹȫ֮һ˦ֱ㽫֮ƣ˪Ƭһԡ
Ҷǰһȭ˿ؿڣؿڴı״ʱѾһȭ֮£ʱ顣ȵ֮У˿ڣоһȵʹࡣ
ţҶȭִ࣬ĺʵʱ÷飬һȭӿ룬ʹÿҽ
Ҳԣ͵һ鵲Ҷ㼸ȭ󣬺һţҶؿڣһ½Ҷŵ÷˳ȥڵˤʮԶ
ˣˣȻҶ˳ȥԼȴءʱŲ𲻿ı֮ףϼûһõƤ⣬ҲȫѪۡҶ㣬ҵĴϢţ̧ͷһۣһ󷢺ݣ
Ӳˣɱһ˵
УһռŻͻȻߴ򿪣һ֮䣬ָֻΣǿռŻӲһ޴ʥ
ʥߴɣһɣһƣĻ£ȴʱ仯ѳɼǧ飬ϵڿϣһžڡ
ԶǻƽĶ֮Уȴһλ۾һЦȡˣǺǣû뵽ôҵøлѽÿôʼղ֪ⱦΡʹðɣùҳױ֪ʵʱ
һЦ
ǾһһʥЩʥڿڴۣһ֮УŵĵײһһγһŹâڵһȦȦԲ״ĹâΧɢһĹһ󣬾޴ӿţ·ֱӻһ
ڣ
һ֮Уһ󷽵Сƽ̨ϣƽ̨ϵһʱ޴õͷŵ΢΢һ𶯣ʱȻ죡
һ޴ĹâֱӽҶУ͵һ±γһֱﵽɵĹ
ڻâը˲䣬ܵϢҶ㲻һеʥʥʱ磬һ·ߡ
֮ʣҶȴʥȫһɲظӦʥĽṹԼҲһ˲䣬ȫһ塣
ʱʥӦ֮ͬʱһֱŵʥҲڶ˻ָӣһԼҶ㣬ʹȫһâ
δߣȴ֪ʱı仯ֻǿȡһµʥһҶ㣬ȻȻը
ۼǱըɵԲâǿ˵Ķ³
ΪҶһˡ
ޱԶֻһתһֱӻȥ


596 ƽʥ֮
ָšڡ¶˵Цݡ
ƽ̨ϵķ΢΢ţһһʥ˿ڣõǿܵ˺ȻٵػָǱҪͨüʥļʥ߻ҩΪ۲ǿԴﵽЧڷƽ̨ϵķ󣬾ȻһĹЧ
ر۾ƺܡϵʧ٣һٵظϣ±ؼߡ
޴壬ȻΪУֻ·һ۾˵
˼飡ԶսУƽԲ۾סڡǿһöȻڿǿϧӦøΪƽڡŶԣҪŪ֣һҪŪֲųɣ
̰Ĺ⣬Լϡ
̫˰ɣ
ʱһ𵴲ݵĹ봫ţһ׹ݺӲǹƿҶһâ󲽵ǰ
磡ޱϲ˵Ǹ˻Ǿ£̲ס
û£û£û£
һ˷ܵĽѾھ޴ʹŭеҶҾսʿǣ¿Ц
⡭ôܣԲ۾
һʲôˣƽҲԲ۾
Ҫǹ֮Ҷ㻺ֱ̧ۡ
ֱ֮ϣһ˿ţ·һϸСҶָ΢Щζָ⣬衣
лĹ֮Ҷ˵ǴвҲ޷ɲǼͻȻʥءˣһҲ޷ֱʥ񡭡
Ц̧֣һö۳Ρ
ȴ֪ܣ׵˵ʥԴȫָԶ֮ʱٲҵתˡ
һЦ֮䣬ͻȻ׹𣬵ջʥ񡣴ʱʥոޱȣ·Ǹոĳֻ¯дһ㡣ǵҫ֮⣬׹ʶĿɢž޴ޱȵһ֮䣬㻯һ´˵ľ֮С
ɸߵˣȭ֮ʣٶȴԶʤǰֱһ㡣޴ϼٶȣʹǳ˿µɱ¾֮һ˲Ӧ׷ױУɽ̿
ܣô£ţȫ޷Ҷı仯ԼĿһôܰȻ
֪Һ𣿡ҶЦˡ
˵еصͷ
Ҿ͸㣡ҶһЦͻȻǰһȭſ˹ȥҧһڿ͵һģһĹâʱ۳ڵ֮ڣҶȻȥ
ʱֻҶ̧һУԶڿ˾Űʥʱֱ˹ֱҶֱֻϣȴһԾ޴׵绤ۣҶ㵱һץֻͬʱץסľ޴һ֮УǹȻѹסϵСձֱֻ֮С
һЦ䣬Ҷ͵ؽһӣֻۻֱӴܼ֮УͻȻػʥͬʱ۷ҫ۵ľ޴硣
ʱǿڱӦҶϵľ޴Щ磬ȫк˿˵ϣǾ޴ڿݺӣһֱӵ˽̿
ҽҲûһеֻǽζ
ȫסˣؿҶ㣬·ڿһԵĹ֡
ԶʥʥҶһ͵ٶȷǰһȭſȥȻûԾлָǿֵҶȭͷȴ÷˶ȥ
ҶһЦһץ㽫ǿڰ£ʥһֱӽ֮Լ֮С

һ𣬼ͬʱԿͻƽдôжѾˣѾҶУأֻɱҶ㡣
ˣˣۼԼʧ䣬ɫüΪѿ֮͵һ»˾޲򣬲һеҶ˹ȥ
һĺӿҶΧȥ
ĺ֮ȷʵҶͷֻ֮ǰҲ˰ɡ
˵һ֣ʥʱֳһ磬ٵֱ֮ϡʥУȻת͵ػ˵ϡʱϵļƿ󶴣ʮɺ֮µˮʱ
޴ˮסһĺЩȻٵؽˮ˱ȴҲĹٷⶳҶ㡣Ҷ΢Ц֮ƹǰһȭڿ֮ϡ
ʱϵı׷ɢ޴ڿתŷ˳ȥݺˤڵϣҳѺۡ
𣬸ҪҶȭͷѾֱӡǰϡһһһˤ˳ȥ͵ش˼Ҫ
ʱҶȴֳ˹һץסһȣʥӿ֮䣬Ȼһɳľ޲ڿлȦ͵·שȥȻһ֮УԭҳһӣǱˤͷĿѣ
Ҷ˿ȴɱʥ˵Ķ顣Կ޴ΪݺջһǾ޴ĿյתһʥھбǾ޴ֱҳ顣
ʥҲˣʮǿʥʥֱӻɾ޴ʥգצӾҶĿץȥҶ㵱Ȼɽյ糵һ㣬һֻֻʥճ𣬹ǶϽۡ
ȴҲòȥЩצһµĴڣѪҶĶɢʥѪԭ֮ϣ۳һööѪ飬ţ˳űԭϵĴ󶴣˱ˮС
ˮʲô飬ЩʥѪֻ±Ҫ䣬ҲܳΪǿߣݺᷲ硣
ſң
ʹÿʶЩǿžʹһ͵ؽһǾ޴֮ȻҶѳֲסֻýһɣɿ˳ȥ
һ£ȴײֻʥգײʥˡ
ڿһסΣһѪ۾Ҷ㡣ȫˣӲסţ¶һ˿ʣ̧ͷΧ׻ЫĻƽУ֣ң
ҲԽúܰƽţ׻ͳЫȻǣƣǱʶɱʱ嶼ҪҰܣټһ£
˵ŸɴתȥģشָӾս
ıӶҪˡ
ۡҶ΢΢һЦҲԼĶв˰ɣ£ߵȻ㣬ΪİΣԲϧһȣƻƽ㣬ֻ֪û֣֮ԶΪǵĸӹ
סڣ˫۷죬һҶ˹
Ȼξ޴ǿȴҶĶ֡ҶɵڿзţŶ㿪ɵĻ֮䣬ÿ˺ۡϵ˱ͲᣬȻڵķҽΣ˲٣ʱٱҶһȴǾ˷ϼˡ
ɷҶȭͷԼϴһƬƬѪ֮ӲȭӽҶ㣬͵һſڣٵҧסҶۣһ󷢺֮ʣҪҶһֱֱҧ
ұԸҶЦֱͻȻһ⣬ţһʥֱӻֱϣޱߵ֮һֱзɢֱӴ˿
۾˲ɵҪжɿشȴһֻﲻסð̣һһ󽹳Ϣ
һȴջĺսอ


597 ѹ
һ¿˲ᣬǽֱӴʺӲֻͦ仯Ϊ֮ʱȷʵǿޱȣ򻻳֮ʱֻһ±Ҫ
ʹط֮ʣһߵĻƽȴҲһЩڷûҶˡ
һüƽʱʮʥƽԶɱ˹Ҷ
ۼôңԼҲдһ±仯һֻ޴Ļƽ𱪣һƤëϽҫޱȣ·һɫһϮʮƽˣһ㻯Σһͬ
һȺ飬ƽĴֻҶȻǿ󣬵ʮֻʥһҲΨаһ;
ҶߣҪҶסĥҶһȻǿΪƽ屦
Щ˿һۣһʱڵϴϢţѾʧȥ˲ƽЩ⣬ýһսһٹ°׻Ы󾢵Уһʹ˥΢ʱһƬǺһҵˡ
ʱѩӰͺȴͬһ㣬ԶѩӰǸӦҶվ֮УǵѩӰһʮƽ𱪣һ˹
ţޱָʥԶɱ˹ȴҲǲҶһڶǿС
ħū޴ʱҲʼɱʱʹƽǸܵС
ƽüͷ壬ϲҶߵ˶ҳϣҾȻҾս֮ƶ磬˵˵߾ߣвһ˿η塣
ХУʼǿߣͬʱҲʥաߺͺеʥǿٶȸϹɱо󽫡
ôһ֮ڵİ׻ͳЫȴѹ˶һ׻ХھȵԶҶһƬսȻôô
ȷʵЫЫԵظ̾ţû뵽оȻĸִڣֻĶʥǰҲֲα˰ɡ
֮ǰѡǷˣХЫ档Ҳһõıߡ
һ壿ЫЦһǲҲȫ֧ȥʱٹӣֻǵؾҪȫʧأҲֻѳˡ
Ҳǵľ˰Хһʱ˳Ĭ
ʱоٽλȴûʱ˼ָžɱ
ƽطٶȣδҶֱԿǲָŴԱǱƶʼȫҶҾôѹѹһƬѹֱ·һƬձһ㣬Ҷʱܵ˾޴ѹЩԳˡ
ʱҶȴͻȻһӣ翪ڴ򿪣һռʱߡʥݺݴ֮УһģռűתͬʱһֱӴңԶĶ֮ϡ
ʱ֪ͨٶȸҼԽռս
ǡǣʥ˷ģСհ죡
Ӧ󲻾ãŻбһӰȴһʥŻ֮зԾҶߡ
һ֣ʱչԼռ䣬һӶӶսʿʱгɱ
Ƭ̼䣬ʮʥ˳ռţÿʥ˶ųǧսʿΧϡһʱǶˣ֮ӡ
ռУԲʥ˳ɱзųһӶӶսʿ
ʥǶˣʱһռţҶʩһ
ҪȫԿߺʥ壬ڿͻƽ壬ұǣҶʱ
ףһٶʮԸ⣬Ҳ˿ΥҶ־æͷһʱʥ˶ԴԼĶ飬ɱ˹ȥ
˳֮ʱǿ򡢻ƽ𱪻Ǻߺʥ壬ΪΪԼæģ϶¶˷ܵı飬ֻΪһսѾҪĻת֮䣬Ǳ㿴ԭĻ飬ʱȴԼ¶צչ˹
Ƕסˣһʱܽʵڴ֮У׵شţһƬ
ˣ˷ˮˣʶʲôŭش
Ⱥһ𣿾ȻԸǣƽһ
Ѿû̫ʱȥ˼ЩˣһʥԲռгּ佫һӶӶսʿͷųϳǵĶ顣
ٶ˿ڣʮսʿа˰ʥʱҶһ£ұһȴ׼İ˰ʥԴһӶӵĶսʿ˹ʮһʱռΧմء
ǵȻ΢ʤڶ࣬һʱҶԵøƣоȴΪ֮Ǳռƶɵģ˲Ϳʼ
Ȼշ˶ˣõʲôֶΣʱХصĶɵɴ۾Ɒɵ徹ȻڰԼ
õʲôֶεΣؼҵ˵ϳģЫ˼⣬ֻһռšһʲôĿռŻƺŶ˵硭
ʥ˵ͷ죡ʧȥƵĻƽʼýŴһȺǿľޱһҶɱ˹ȥľޱȴѩӰʥסֻͼǿɱҶĽǰ
úãҶȴ΢Ц򶨴ݵӭһ棬һħٴ󣬽ƽĲ·ָűֱӽƽĿռ֮УһȭŻƽ˹ȥ
ƽӭȥſڷһһĽʱΧӿ͵ػ˰ٵͬʱҶȥ·ǿгһεľħֻ¶һҶҧȥһ㡣
ƣҶһֱ̧һһ밵ķײ֮£ıըЩƽֱը֮бĽƬҶħµ½ǶûѾɢ
ƽɴ۾ϲҶ㾹Ȼǿ󣡷Զʱֻǿ̫ŲҶ㣬ֱԼⲻǿʱ׿ŰǸΪù
ǰĶ̫ǿˣ
һ˲˾⣬Ҷ㣬ȴҲ˲־һľԼԶʤģҶҲδûеʤϣҧҧһҶ㣬ſɭȻҶҧ˹ȥ
û뵽Ҷȴֱȭ˹·Ҫֱҧһ㡣
ƽȴųһ亹Ϊ뵽˿һҧ֮Ĳһ£Ӳǽһȴǿ˿
ˣҶɲˣˣʱǰһȭŻƽͷ¡ƽ͵һתǸֱһβʱһɨ˹һɨ֮䣬Χصռʱ㱻أβ֮ǿ
Ҷһ㿪һץ㽫ǱβץУһ֮䣬Զʥͬʱ˵˫֮ϡʱޱȾ޴֮һЦ֮ץŻƽβͣƽ
ãƽԺʱַſҶľŵľæ֮ƴȫ
Ҷ㵭һЦһ֣ƽ˳Ϊĺʱʧȥƽ⣬һʱԿأҶȴûǰȭ˻ƽϣλߵ
һС͵Ĺⰵ֮󣬱˻ƽϣ߷ֵ㻥ײը
ҽУƽԶԶˤ˳ȥŽƤëһƬǽ塣


598 ƽ
һζҶӲĿͬƽƻļһһԼҶ㣬˫ͶڶԷʱ֮ġǰƲֹۣʮڰ˰ٶʥߴ£һƬذΧαҶ㻢ԼǰƾԼһֻ֮ѡ
ʱ뵽Ͽһеطųٵ֮Ҷ㣬Լſȥ
λ߻һŭסƽƽ֪ˣѾ˼ۣٲԼƽƽʱҪ֮ʣȴǰһЦӭǼƽС֮ʱǺɱȥɣ
˵䳡滰ȴ²һŵѾջʺ˵Ҫϼʱˡ
ӣҶ˶ԷĽʱ׷˹˪ɱۣȴҪһսнԷλȫɱ
Щǿвֻ½Ҫλһƽܴ֮£ѼԦߺʥ壬һһƬǺеаγɺҲͲΪˡ
λ߶Ҷ㣬޵пܣ˺÷飬ٽ¶ȥŽͷ֮ޡ
ȴ֪ԼǴ֮Сڶ֮ǰԼһƾƣ϶սĥԷûԷܣڶԷʮԼȴѾһ޷̵Ŀܡ
Ŀ⽻֮ʣ͵һԾ𣬼Խ³һ硣ǺϯķһƬƬ˪֮գҶУĿӣ
һⷨתȥҪӻԼ硣ʱȴȻԼһصĿռ֮Уһ²涫ϱֲҡ
ãǼһʹķƽֵشһ
ʱҶȴѾԴճȭĹȣޱߵı˪֮ƿһ·ħٴ֮УһЦҪǰӿƾǵıȴһЩ
ƽӦҶϢһ󷢺ݣȫҫ۵Ľ͵سײȥϢȴͻȻһ䣬صռ˹һײȴֻײǼռ֮УͷʱѾʧ˿Ӱ
ڴʱһҽУϳǿ͵ضһ¡
һصռУѾþĿҶһȭУھҵĲ֮УλָΣٷֱ͸΢һλߣʹʧ䣬ûаʬǴ
ƽӦϢʧһëȻ֮£ûطӳȫһصռײȫҪȥ
ʱҶȴѾȻԱɱ˹ʱðһ亹֪Լ԰ΣѴħצɴһᣬתһ⽫ԼΧҶ˹ȥ
һ⻯һצҶ㵱ͷݺץҶȴһץ㽫צץУʥ񻯳ɵ׹Ȼһ䣬㽫ǽ֮צֱӷ飬ҶһǰһȭֱŻƽȥлƽͷ
һȭ֮صû£ʱûƽһͷĿѣȥұģһʱʲôҲ壬ԴܵȴʹйһʱҲ˻֮УʲôҲӦֻƴطһ⻯ɼΧҷ䡣
䣬ʵԼʱҲЧֻҶȴȫôҶɵƶţȴǿٵؽӽ˻ƽйûлָ֮ǰһȭ֮ϣƤ俪߹ǻһĶϣǾ޴͸ƽ壬γϡ
ƽһߵ÷صռĵ˼¡վߴľʹȴԼѾûս֮ݺݵҧǿžʹ𣬸ӦŸʹȴ֪ԼĳӿѾϳأʱȫڵʥţֻǳ֮ʹѾҪԼ
ɱһĵˣȴԼˡ
壬Ҵû뵽һ죬óͬھǿƽ޺޶ʾһƬ֮ɫҲ͸һ¶ĸ߲е䡣͵ֱͦӣָΣ̧˫߿գǿߣһɣ氡ٻǵĻٰ֮ɣƽ磡
ɲ֮䣬ƽϱһ⣬ͷϿգҲһֱƿصռ併ǽⲢҫۣȴΪ·һƬһ㣬֮ʣȴûһƬ磬ɽһӦȫһƽ硱
ҶʱӦ˾޴Ļ֮Ϊ֮ݡӦƽǡƽ硱Ľٶţǡƽ硱ȫʱƽҲߵͷʱԼֻҲҪΪᡣ
һУ棬ʱһСɡ
⡰ƽ硱롰ɡһ㣬ǿ֮ʣΪٻǿɱСɱǰʥҲҪ䣬οʥ˵Ѫ֮
֮ʣҶȴҲһƽһȻȡɡΪǿ󣬵ٶȴҲΪʱʵ̫ˣȴ֧ʹƽٽ١
һᣡ
ҶĿһһ˫ȭʥ񻯳ɵ׹⣬ֱȭϷȺ˻ƽϣһ֮Уƽ˲䱻΢ĩƮɢ
ǻƽڿһ٣½ٶȱøȴûʧ
Ҷһ֣׹⣬תľٴ
ǻƽȴûϢҶۿħٴ٣ڳħٴɫһ䣬ʱ˳ȥҿ뿪
˵ţʱԶշȥ
һȻô£ҲʱһԶȥΪڶһʱȴûӦҲʱħٴһ±Բ֮ػһƬ硣
ǽ֮Уе鶼ֱӻ˽ɫһ±ʧȥжһƽĵ
֮󣬴ԳһĻ澰ˡˡˡʥˡ˺ͻƽˣ˻ƽĵ񣬻ڴ֮ϣȥֻ֮ڵıԭ֮ϣȫǻƽһƬӲӡ
ƽǿֲǳԱΪƽ񣬾ЩѾεʥҲ⣬һ˾޴ޱȵĻƽ
ҵ죡ԶԶţɾ⡭ɶ
ٺŹ⣬˶һ±˻ƽҪǷڷһĲƸϧѾʥˣЩƽȴûʲôˡ
˭˵û壿ĪҲŹ⡣ǻĸأЩƽȥַĴ磬ǱһĲƸˣļۼϣǻûͳһǽЩƽ͸ڤڤĹ㽫ʱͳһۼǱǲԶ֮¡ۼһͳһ˵һ¡
ٺ׵ͷڵΰҲûͳһܵõЩƽ֧Ԯҵĺ͹ҲѸ׳󣡡
ۼµһĻսеȴɶͣһ˼ԼͬһƬл˻ƽһĿɿڴҲ̲ס
һʱ䣬˭ս⣿ֻʣĿ־塣
ҶȴҡֿµķֻΪڽ֮ʱٻҿӣҲֻлƽ߲ʹãĻٶ༸ô˷ļһôǺɨ涼ˡ
Χ˫ʱѾ֣ͣһֻǴúãһսֻھͿֹˡ
ʱ޴ȴڱϷ׵ͻ˰׻Ы˵ķ


599 ڤʥʥ
˵սʿǣҪЩСС壬ǵֻҪȫǶ֣
ˣǵұˣͶ壿ҸһڹĻᣬֻҪǳսսұ̣򣬵ȴǵı֮
𣬳ϡ
ȴֻʥޣһȫͬҹɫһкڰӰӿֻһ۾һߴɵľ𣬶һɣƤӲͬǸһ㣬һֻ
һȫɢž޴һ֣ʱƿ˰׻ЫķߣֱɱХЫǰһһ
ãһʱҶ㡣ڤʥʥ󣬶еõǿһǵʥ֮ʥûԼ壬ޱߣ
Ҷȫ˵ڤʥĺٵӿſڶ׼ս֮ϣƺȴһʮ˴ȴսʥֱӳ£ٲԸս
ô£Ҷ㲻Ȼ
ڤʥ֮˶ˡæӦʥһ֮յüǾȴͨӰʥ޺˵ǡ
ҶĿһתһŵüæ﷢ҪһʥǿߵЩʥһ¶εı飬ȻеĶ˶Ѿٲǵˡ
ڤʥ𷢳ЦǰӣǼֱΣһſڷ֮Х˵ɫɶһ䣬ΪҶӦгһεʹԼʥҲ޷ɢǱŤ
ˣ޷ָͨӾӣȴǻֻܿˡ
ȴֻҶһ򡢻ƽһڵĶȴκӰ죬ڤʥָ֮£µΣҶⷽȥ
󵨵嶼ʥɭЦţӸ߸ƺҶʾ
Ҫ֮ƣǳȥһҶʱĿһ͵صһӶӵоǰҪסһڿɵתۣȴƹ˵ܼΣű֮жȥ
ʱڤʥʥȴЫЫ桢׻ХڶλҲ֪ʥ޵֮ܽȥԼľӱ޷ָӣʱһɢɳذɡ
ЫڤʥХڳʥ󣬿һ˾Ыһ˾޻ֱˡ
ڤʥĿһ¶һĨ֮ɫͻȻſڷ֮Хߵʱһ𣬾Ȼԭһ
ȻֻɲǣѾ㹻ڤʥʥֻǡڤʥϵĺһӿ𣬽ЫЫڰ֮ЫǼӲǣ⣬Ы淢ʹĺУһ˵ڵء
ʥ̧͵һһ𵴲ʱ׻ХڣХڵӱһ𵴲ΧǽʵʱȫƤ⿪ѣԡѪء
ɱйӲдĿܡڤʥһȻһΣȴڤĿƣ
ҲСǡʥɭȻһЦ֮ǰսãѾʧҲҲһн¡
ô࣡ڤʥЦţζǰֵȴ˵
˵ţ¶һȻ޳ݣסЫ棬¶̰ɫЫڵţ޴ʹѾ𣬸˵ڤʥˡ
ХҲˣۼʥԼȴѾսɳ̾һˣû뵽Ƕ˻ڴˡ
֮еİ׻ЫսʿǣһߣҪԼ򡢻ƽսʿڤʥ֮£ȴͬͭǽһ㽫ǵ棬ʹܳ嵽ǰӪȶ
ڶѾ֮ʣһӰȴͻȻ׹ͻ˵оķߣɱ˽ǰȴҶ㣬ʱâһڤʥ𣬶˵־һ˹ȥڤʥһֻ
ڤʥ𷢳һֽУһˤ˵ϣһֱֻðȴǱֱӺһ
ôӣҶ㣬һХХҶ֮𶯣ҶſڷХХסȫ
¹ⱦҲʼį»ӿγһѼףҶ㱣ʹڤʥӰ졣
죬ңڤʥһæʥ
Ҳʥ󷢳֮͵һ³Ҷ㡣
ǱӾȻ˲䳤֮һغХҶ㣬ƵƥСҶ㲻Ӳ͵һ裬㿪ޱһ顣
һץһħֱ㱻ץУٵػһ밵Ĵ͵һЩʱֱӽʥУ밵ķײʱһը
û뵽ʥȻĸߴ󣬵ȴڹ밵Ĵ󱬷֮ǰȻһֱӳ˺Ǿ޴ڿƶţȻһĲ񣬿ޱȡ
ҶҲʥʱϣʹ罵һ㣬֮֮䣬ֱеĲһ±㵲סʥȥ·һȭʥ˹ȥʥͷ
һУʥҡͷԵڿ˼ҶȴҲһ֮ԶԶ˿ֻʥͷϳһ΢ڵȭӡ֮⣬ȴƺδܵκ˺ӳ췢һСС壬Ҳ˵ң
ʱһ֮ȴ΢ڵȭӡ֮ըʥֻԼͷܵһ㣬ԺʱһƬհף۾ҲϷ˰ۡǼӲĶͷϣһƤ⿪ѣѿѪͬȪһӿǾ޴һԿ£ݺڵϣֱһƬ棬ˮС
Ҳʱڤʥȴ˹ҶԿʥ֮ʣ͵һųһĺ棬Ҷ㱻֮ʣһ½ҶǺͬҺһ㣬޿ײҶ͸һ¾ͻ֣ҲͻҶʥֱӽҶڡһǿҵʹ࣬Ҷ̲סһƺߣҲӿˤϡ
Ǻʮֿ£ҶŰ֮ʣȴҲҶʥֻһ±УҶʥʧһ룬֮ǰսǿеģҶʱѾûȴòϿһöʥŻָȫ
ָȴҲ޷ʱ˿սֻܰǺ
һȴڤʥʱ׼ơǺɫļһչųһ³ǱҶմĳ򣬴ʱȴѾָȴڤʥĺҶʥ֮󣬴ԼˣʹڤʥҽκԼ˴
壬ҲΪֹˣ
ڤʥЦţϵĺӿ֮ʣһɫĻ򣬲Ҷ
Ҷһü̧ȭ˺ȭƣһöö򵱿մñըɢڤʥȴȣ·ϵЩ޷Ҷ˺һ㣬ֻǲϽ¡
Ҷһӭ֮˹ȥȭ𴦣һɢڤʥľҲ
ʱ֮ȴһ޴Ӱδһ˻Ѿأһۿɼ𵴲Ȼһ´ҶϡǾ޴֮˲Ҫ˺Ҷ壬ʥ֮ػҶûֱӱ飡
һ𶯣ȴҲףʹʥָԭҶ룬ҶѪԿм׹£


600 ħū
֮䣬ʥҴ˱㣬Ҳ˱ˮУҶڱˤ䣬ҳһӡ
ҪʥۼҶϷ޴Σһ漴ӦҶ˥ɴϲһԿŵϵҶݺҪһŽҶֱ̤ࡣ
һ⣬Ҷ͵һͦ𣬲ľʹһץ֮ʣȴнһſȡ˳
䶪֮󣬲ûòǽ֮˾¯ڣһսһ߷ֳһһžʥȻûбȫѾƷһڡ
Σ֮ʣȡ׼˿µʥһڣ
âڿڿٵۣһö֮ڵţٺȻһֱĹâһ±˺޷һֻȡҶʥʥ޴˲ͱûǱըĹâ֮Уһ˺ѷεĲҽǹâ֮𣬽ţ޴ӰԿˤ䣬ȫðŰ˱ԭ֮ϣһִ͸棬ˮС
ʱȫƤͬһʥȴѾƤãԡѪƤǿޱȣټҶ㻹δȫܷһھҪҷ
ûʱҲѾֻʣ΢ϢۼҲǻɵˡ
㡭㣡ڤʥڿпһĻ˵仰ϲԼʥֶԸһ壬Ȼȴ³
ӦҶȴѾǿһöʥ𣬱ȡ˺ħѣһ֧ٻħӡƬ֮һħٶ£͵ؽһӣħһϢʥڡ
ʱʥзųâһվ쳤˻ٵػָһ˻ƽ֮ɫһʱҫ˫ۡ
⡭ڤʥʥȴ֪Ϸʲô£ҲܸӦʥһɿµȴ֮ǰ£Խ
Ҷ㣬ԼоʱʥѾԼĻ飬Ĳ¡
ˣڤʥ͵һ¶һĨ֮ɫ˫һ֮䣬ĵ֮ߺХҶݺݻȥ
ҶʱѾǿ֮ĩȻʥ㣬ϵȴսʱʥȻѾ仯ȴûйħ֮УӶȫҶָӣȴȡᣬħڵһħūͷţʥУǱͷ߳Ϊħūޡ
ڤʥȻҶʱ䡣
ĵ֮ߣҶֻһҧ̧ȡ¹ⱦٲңųһֵ֮߱飬ȴڤʥһХ֮ӿ֮ͻ¹ⱦٵֱҶϡ
ƺУҶĺˣе¹ⱦҲ˵ϡ
磡ԶޱһشţָʥɴԼ߳ڤʥһˣʱʮʥ˳˹ȥ赲סޱʹ粽ǰ
ѩӰҲѾۣƴ߹ɱδȴһ㱣ȴҲڤʥӰ죬֮䣬Ȼ޷ӽ˴
Ǻ໤ֻҪʥ˻ɱ
ҶҾۿҶվһ߳ɱ赲֮£ҲǴ粽С
壬㾹ȻҵѣҪڤʥҶ㣬һУһʮ˺֮ǹҶȥ
ҶҧӲͦţһȭϣȻ֡С͵Ĺ밵֮ȥӭһ˸˺֮ǹڱըн֮𣬵ǹͻķһ˴Ĵȣһ˴Ĳู
˴ǹʱɺϮʥۺǿн֮ɢһУȴƼأˤڵϡ
ȥɣڤʥ˵ţҪ档
ʱ޴ӰͻȻƱǱ֮зԾһ֣ͬʱȭ׼˿еڤʥ𣬺ݺݵغһȭһȭ֮ƣֱӺڤʥϣ޴֮£ڤʥ𷢳һҽУֱԿˤݺڱϡ
ʥ񣬴ʱԱµˮͻƶŹԼ֣߳
һڤʥȴվ
ĺʱ־һֻʱҲʥһˡ
ɺްһУʥеĶǿߣʥ֮ȻᱻһƵֵز
ŭ֮Уȫӿĺ棬һ»һС൱ĺ𣬴Ż֮Ҷ˹
ϵҶ㼸ٶǿ־վһ»ֽħеĽѩ˳ϵħһ»ɢ
һڵԽѩڶֻħū޵ʱ߽⣬һصмһֻƽʥһ±ħУ˲ΪҶʹõħūޡ
Ҷҧأħһӣʥʱһ֮з˳һײǺ
ݺһײǺһ±ɢһʥϣҪ֮ٻʥȴȫȻ޾壬ڤʥ˹ȥ⧲֮£ڤʥײ˸ʵҽһһԿˤ棬˼
Ҷ֮䣬ʥʱǰ嵽ڤʥߣڤʥʱȫѪˮȴŷų棬Ҫʥջ淢ʥһһȭڤʥϡ
ʱߴĺʵ˵ϣһˡ
ûҶ֮£ʥֺзִ磬ֻǽڤʥ˸ѡ
Ҷѵڤʥȥħѷߣִٻħĵ֮һħ£Ҷ㽫֮ڤʥڣڤʥʱһȫ˳Ĺâڵ˲˻һĺɫһ裬ʹ·ǻ滯ɵĹ
ԺħлϵħʱҲ߽ɳҶ㽫ڤʥһħУֻǿʥ֮ҲΪҶµħū֮һ
ʥڤʥֻǵʥߣʵԶǽѩ֮ʥܱ⣬ҶһȻˣðգȴҲջ޴ֵõġ
һʥ֧壬֮ľӸҳ
ǡǣæͷʱһʥ˻æŷʱڤʥӰѾʧһսʿȴָԭ־ŽǵķԸʱɱս
һԱƽһƾʧʱ֮С
ޱԶԶҶ㣬˿ͬʱĵǣָʥΪԼɱһѪ·嵽˱֮С
ʱҶѾѵߵХЫλǰѪ۵سһЦλû°ɣ
ХЫ涼ѾָΣڵϣ̫ضáХҶϵˣ˵Ҷ󽫾̫ԸȴҲۡ
ЫʵҶ󽫾㣬ֻ¶Ҫڴ˵ءҶ󽫾лκηԸС޲հ죡
𣬰׻һҶ󽫾²壡Хڹϵ˵ȫĶˣǸԸƳ
ЫˣЫͷ˵
áãҶ㲻һ󼤶뽫λ
ʱһӰͻȻԶһ±뵽ս룬һʥ֮ʣޱߵ˪Ȼ弤սеսʿָʹֲͣս
һ֣ͣԱͻƽһʱһ


601 ɵϽ
ÿأ˼ҿ
һɰŮҶȻ̧ͷգȴзŵһ׼׵Ӱǰ˻ʥдһŮñ
ޱһü䵽ҶߣסҶ㡣ʱһǲ˼
֮ǰҪǶԸͻƽ塣Х˵ȴҪһ塣
֮ǰǶ԰˻ʥʧҲҪܾЫ̾˿
߲ưĪŻñҲü
ҲҪñһƵЦһЦǰ˻ʥ񣬲ʥ˻ˣֵͬܣôȥ಻ѽ
ͻƽһʱǰͲиǿվֹսǵλѾɣȺף֪룬ۼһ̣ٴȥֻ·һʥǿǲԸʹȥʵѡ
ʲô˼ҶʾޱԼգŻñʵ
ûʲôر˼ѽñЦֻǿͻƽҲãЫ׻Ҳãǰ˻ʥеһԱڻģ˴¿̹ǵĳޣȴǿ˵֮ġҶ󽫾᲻ɣǶĶսǿǲ֮Ŷ
ȴǿƽ׻Ы֮ģ彫Χͼ𡣡Ҷ㻺˵ΪԱսΪԮսĶһ˵
ѽͱһʼεñЦţǿɰ˶һ㡣ڴȥҶùʹ˽Ͱɣ˼ͻƽ׻ЫǸű֤һƽദٻ๥ô
΢ЦҶ㣬ޱȴ̲סüͷ
ףЫĳ̲סͺһ
ñȴûһ㣬ֻ΢ЦעҶ㡣
Ҷףñǹܶ¡˲֪ѾͷĴ㣬Ȼ˿ͻƽ壡
ټϺߺʥצñοɾ׬ˡ
һʼ⣬ִ·ͨȴû뿪鼸֮ĹϵȻ㶨˫һսǱս·ȵսؼ֮ʱ
Լ棬ʹ׻ͳЫתΪƣһ֣һǰ幥ƽ壬˲øУﵽԼĿġ
һƽѾǱɽʱ;棬Ҫ壬ԿǵĺøУܴͬﵽԼĿģ
ñʵĲа񣬶ǶԷǷһ֧ǿܷԼʹ
Ц£صһŶٿµģ
ҶȻ֪һУȴ޷ֹñһЦŹʣƺ˵Ҷ㣬Ѿõ˰׻Ыһ壬֪𣿿ͻƽøҰɣѾԵ⣬ôҲ÷һɣ
ҶˣʱȫǻñĶ֪֡ñչֳģֻǳı˪Ƿĳѩһбһ֮Լǰô
ôԾ𣿡ñЦˣͻȻɵ˿ƽǰЩǿʥǿ˵ǿԸ˼ҵĻϣ˼Ǻͽ⣿
Ը⣬Ը⣡и߲㽫ʥǿ߼æͷ
ЦԸĻֻ·һ
ñЦˣЦúǿģȻóϰöҩһ˳ȥΧٶඥʥ˶ֵһö
ȥɣ˼ʥҩأñЦ˵ǣ˼ҾͻȫˡǵѾڣҲ£˼ڣа˻ʥüҵӴ֧ǣûҲ˸۸ǵġ
һԥţջǽҩȥ
֪Լǲʶ࣬λʥ˹İţֻʥ˹ʱҪȥԷ֣ʱԼһ·һϣûˡ
ҪҪҲѾԼӣûʲôŲµˡ
ҩһ¶ǣǱʱо˲ԣһɫһ䣬ֻлñЦţеʣôǵǲڿٵػָأ
ǡǵġһʥƽǿ˵ͷֻǡ
ûСֻǡñĵ֣ǵ˺ܿͻãҽֻҪ˼ҵĻ˼ҾͻúöԴǣĵҩĵҩ˼ҶᾭǵģǷľͺ
ǣһɫѿسʩ񣬼ǹ·ǵ
ҩйŹ֣ɵҶߵ˵
ҲˡҶ㻺ͷĿȴ˶ֻ»ñõǶƲµַ
Ƕʥޱ̲ס˵
Ҳ˻ñʲôˡҶ˵ţֻҲй֮ƳֿµĶҩʲô
ô죿ʡѵͻƽЩһߣ
ȻΣҶЦһȻռţñһѹ׵ĳڣҲһڰնǰ˻ʥʥߣ˿ս֪ʥбˣԱ֤ٲΪУռ˰ɡ
Ůˣǿ°ٺŻñ̲סҡͷ̾
λҶϣХЫ棬Ƚñһʣ֮£ֻѼҵ˼ǲñһ顣
ҲաХ̾ϢһȻǵ״̬սҲѡ
ʹЩһﲻΪУҲǺһɡЫҲһΡ
Ҷλ⣬Żñһ֣ʵȷʵܱ֤򡢻ƽ𱪣Լǳ岻׻ЫһΪУ
ȻñЦ˵˼ûı£ôһܵҵľأ
ͷһŵӣʹҶȷȻ㹻Լͬ£ҲȻ⼸ȥ
ʱǼֻ¶ء
ҵΪأҶʡ
˼ҾԵлҶ󽫾ñЦ˵
áҶһͷҲϣս࣬壬ֲܰսҲֵƽ
˼Ҿ֪Ҷ󽫾أñϲؽֱİƣ̬µСŮ
ȴףŮȴʵµһĴͷֻ°˻ʥеϺ־Ҳδǿùȥ
Ƕ˰ɣñתͷָſƽЩʥǿߣϵ˵˼Ҷ󽫾˲С˹ѾˡǣǾҪ֪ϴĸ˲ǡ콫ڶ£˼һȥ˼ҿҪúýǣ֪ǰ˻ʥĹأ
ǣһʥ˾ȻҷʱͷһʥϽսʿԼ磬ʱռմصʧֻʣ¼ǧʥߡ
ñתҶ΢Ц֣лҶ󽫾أ˼ҿҶ󽫾ƺҲ˲ᣬҪҪ˼ҲҶ󽫾öҩأ
ðҶ΢Цͷȥ
ЦñȴЦҡͷҶ󽫾Ҳţ˵ҲǼ˲أôҪ˼ЩûʲôЧСҩأҶ󽫾˼ҲŲǰ׳أ
˵һ֣⼸ǧʥ߿ٶȥת뿪˴ǡ
ƭĵҩоĥǷƳҩȴϵҶҡͷЦһԸ˴ɨսҽߡ


602 ڵ
Ҷˣһֱ˰ҲȬ
ڼ䣬ĪܻصʥҪ˲鵤ҩҶܿٻָֻҲҪһ²ܸԭ
Ҷ㲻ޱȻԼǷ֮ʱʱŲħʱתħ󷨣ͿԼʹٻָʱȴҪҩʥϵ
Ҳû취£ת乫ƽ֮ȴԿԸַָʥ֮춯أǿ˼㣬һȴѸٻָ
һеĸȴҲֵõģ׻ЫҶĴȴȫͶϣ˳ڰ˻ʥ򣬳ΪĵһҪٰ׻һЫԨ壬ǧ壬壬ȴȫ뵽Ҷ¡
һսУҶ㻹õ˿ǿޱȵʥͬʱ֮ϤʥİأȴԷʥʵսֿԻ֮ԼϣԼҲֱ
ħūУԳԶ֮⣬Ҳͨʥޣǿޱȵʥ֮ģһ㣬һʴջ
ҶҾһˣȴһСƣΪǵľ޴ջƴѪģɻñȴǲѴ֮͵õ˿򡢻ƽǺͺߡʥ壬ȴֻ̫ƽ
Ҷ㵹ǿÿЩһ㲻ñҲ˳ԼлñַǣȴҲǰ˻ʥֽһ񣬶ԴҲкô
˻δãҶռռŵĲϣʼغͰ׻֮佨ͨһΣ׻ЫȫһЭȴ°빦һڵĴ֮£ҲȫʹҶ׵رڰ׻Ы֮䣬ͨ
ȻڶˣҶ㻹ģ˶ϵռţȴֻⲿͨռػ׻ЫǣȴȵҶХڡЫͬ⣬ֻܿռŸɵۡ
ĲڣսȥˣҶ㲢ûǰһˣ͸һʥΪһѾҲ˳ԽȱԴˮʥ䱦ȱ٣ʱһҲʲô
ԷǺͰ˵ȴһʴƸܳл֮뿪ʱ˵ʲôս£һҪһҪȭ
һǶʥˡʱǵǺ̲ס˵
˿ռͨҶֿʼоװĸȻѡҶͨռţٴʯʦ˹˵οʼµȻҲæ
һʱ䣬׻Ыޱȡ
Ҷ֮󣬱㿪ʼޱȣȴǿԼ죬ҶϸӦʥмƵԶŷԾ¯ϸ֣ڵʥԶʥ죬ҪʥڣҲǶʥۺ֮ȴȲʥ
ʥʤڹڶ࣬ʹ㣬Ȼܵһƻ֮ȴʤʥΪĹȴҲǿޱȡ
ҶԾ¯죬ڱѾȫʥ汻ʥʥӡǡȻѾˣȴǲðٴʯ̲סʡ
󽫾ôʱգȻûʡ
˵ѾˡҶ˵ֻǲ֪ΪΣܸһĸоͷ·ʲô˲õһ㡣
ǻʲôٴʯæʡ
Ҳ˵ҶҡҡͷǸӦ֣׽ֻֻܲ췽׽õ
²ˡٴʯæ£ȴš
Ҷž¯죬ȴһЩģü¯еĿڣ˼⡣
ѵֻҵĴ̲סԼĸоɻ
ͻȻ䣬ȴ͵ڸոճʱӣʱȴΣһ޴ġơǳ֮ſٷֽϣڵ̬
̬仯֮䣬Ȼʲôܣ
Ҷ˼ţȴʼſڣھ¯ڶ˶֮вѰϵĽϲڱһص
ǹв֮һ𣬶һڱ㷢˱仯һ·ֽ˳ɰǧ飬Ҷָ¯ϣԭǾ޶ܡ
޶һɣڵһ䣬Ҷǵʥʥӡǣȴȫʧˡ
Ҷ㾪֮£ֿʼ޶ܣһʱ㽫֮Լӡǣʹ֮ȫԼ
ʱٽ仯Σڱɢ˸ΪǿÿһжҶʥʥʥͬҶһ
ҶԼоԼٽһһֱ仯׻
֮࣬ȴʱҪֿʼʱȴ̽
˸紫ϢҶʱȷ֮£æͨռŻص磬һ£ʱЦӭȥʦôˣ
ǵӢۣɳʲôˡһҶֵúϲ£죬´סͷȴֻ࣬ʥ֮ҲѾĵˡɲҪԴ󰡣
ûǶսʱӰ⻰ʱüɫ˵ʥѾȫˣܽǻӳԼϣһǿ󣡡
ģ³һ
ˣ˻ʥ֮֮ħūأǶȽӿ˵
һڤʥһʥ󡣡Ž͡Ѿǻۣ˵˻ʥޡ
һΧ˵һͨĿɿڴ
ҵĺõӡ¿Ҷ㣬ðųһѾԱΪ˻ʥ֧ˡ
ȨҶ˵
ȨŹ㡣ĳҶ֣ſһڸ֡
ǿĲ£ЩκһóΪеĶɫ˵ȴȺӣ·ֻͨսʿ㻹ǿˣｨҪʮ֧֡
̾һЦЦ̫ˣ̫עĿˡ㣬Ӧʵصһٶˡ򡭡
⵽ѹҶЦˡǴѹͿʼҵҵսǿ󣬶ø
ҲǶԵġµ˵ͷʵ˵Ҳ̫ó顣ˣһеľȨɣʦֻȫ֧㡣
ѾӸмˡҶһЦ
ʵǴʥ㴫ʥ͢ЦЦ˵ñҲ봦ԼҪʹ˲˳ʥ򣬾ӹ֮ΰȴ㲻¡Ķ죬һʥͣ͢ʥѾΪ
ޣ۾һɣʲôǴսƣ֮ʹһӾ˿ͻƽЩǴˣ
Ҷһ֣˵ڱɵһ˶̹Ͱɣ
漴һЦֻ̣Ҳ̲ȥ
ǡһͷҲĹͱȥȻǴۿۣ˵÷·һжĹֻͣһ԰ЩСæѡ
Ƕ治Ҫ˵
ȥѿͻƽ𱪵ϳ˰ɣ͸ɱ⣬Сٵ⣡


603 ʥʹ
ɣ¼æ֣ôһȴ°ѱ֣֮ʱñȫԽʥ͢ɷԸ㡣
Ҳ˵˵ˡҶһЦں£ս֮ʾñƴˡ
嶯Ҫúö㡣˵֮ʥ͢λʹߣʵȷʵҲ˴󹦣ʥ͢Ҳ㡣λʹеһλˡۡ
ҶЦˣ˵ͷҾͷˡ
׷ġҲһЦʥʵʹߣһλʹѰ˿ɾͲöԸˡ
ǴˣҶһ
ǡµͷƺúôͻ޵ض
νҶ˵ҲȨƣҪˡ
еʥأ㿪ٳġޱ˵˭ҲĨɷĹ͡
£ĵá¿ҡͷһЦ
ûϵҶ˵ҶȨλСֻҪ㹻ǿʵʥ͢κһְʥ͢ƽƽ෴ʵǷΪһҲֻһƿˡ
⻰ûµͷ֮㻹СľͻΪ
лʦѡҶ΢Цͷ
£Ҷ㲢ûаڴΪӭλʥʹĺ˲飬ʼ׼ֻҪһ糣Լֿʼо칤ڵȫҶգؿǧٿĲƴװһס
׵ǿޱȣȻʱǿ󣬵ʤڿ仯ҶԼãʥֱ仯ʽݻֻһʱԼҲĥ͸ֻպо
ʥǿ죬ٳΪҲʣҶȥˡ򡱶ֻ֣ǳΪڡ
ʥֽ֮֮ȴԲϱ仯ƽʱȫصһֻϣҲ÷֮б棬ʱãǷ㡣
ֹ˼գʥ͢Ǳ˶һ֧Ļ֮£λʥʹ硣Ҷڽӵ˸֪֮ͨʱ԰ޱǰ߻ص硣
һǴ֮Уӭ߹λڹʥʶۡλʥʹһҶ㣬ʱ洺磬첽ӭ˹ǰ͹ʩ񣺡Ҷ󽫾ʥһɷˣ
ʥʹҶ㹰ֻȴ֣Ҫеô׺ˡ
֡ҶһЦ
ҲɣۺǺЦš
Ц˺Ҷļ磺Ҷֵܰʵ˵û˱Ҹʥ˭Ĺˣ̾˿˵Щ£ҶֵӦҲװɣ
סҶһЦȨֻԸʵһʥѡ
ҶֵԽԽˣֻ߲ȨĻ˭ʥ򣿡ҡͷ̾ϢҶһͬڶȥֱ
ǻһλʥʹ𣿡Ҷܣʡ
Ǽһ˵ҪԿһȥˡдżֲмǸѰҲǼкøС
ѹ˵ҶֵܣѰǴˣҪСЩ
лѡҶ΢Ц
°ɣﲢҪǣȥϢɡʱ΢ЦųڵĻǻ˻֡Щʥ͢սʿȴԼĸҶ£֪ʲôԸΪ֪֮ҪԼ˵
Ȼһڻºʱ¶Цʥ˹ֹ͵ȻҶ˵Ҷֵܣһȥ׼Ҽ˵ˣ˼ҶӢ֮Ҳʮ壬˵ʥ֮бȱӢš
ˡҶ㵭ȻһЦ
һС˼ɾ⡣һ˵һ߽һССָҶ㡣ǽָȴһռ䷨Ҷ㽫УʱСɽһĸϣмʥߡ
ֻЩԴˮȴǲۣǼ¯һȣʵر𣬲ֵһᡣ
Ҷ㵭һЦδ˵ЩʲôЦ˵ЩСȻ벻Ҷֵܷ۵ģֻһСС˼ҶֵһС¡
£ҶΪҪΪĳʥû뵽۳˵һЩӵܣ򲻴ȱָ˼ҶֵܰæһЩӵܡҶֵԵ־ոʧѾõսȻⲻ˵ģЩӵܸҶֵߣȴдѵᣬκεطİ
Ҷ㿴ۣɲǼ׼Ҽ˼
ʵ˵ˣ׼ҾҶˣҶ
ʲôСһʲôС
¶ѡ˵ˣ׼Ҫ˹ҶߣҶս
Ҷдô£׼ҵļȴҪ˵ûҶӦԸҶ֮ѾԱҶֻҪɵӱף׼ڱЧˡ
Ҷ֪׼ҲʥеĴ壬Ҳʷƾõʥ壬ֻǼǧһСѡС壬ȫʥϲ£²벻ˣС³鷳ҪõȨûϣҪӱ鷳ûʵܾȴ಻
ļ𣬳ü˵ĳһñֻĳˡ
ƵѾγСȥҲֻۣҪõ޴ĺôûпܡΪ£û˻ĸл
ҶͲͬˣո𣬻ȱʵʱͶѩ̿ȫͬˡͬͶѺУĳ˴ôѩ̿߱ԪѫǹǺĸ߲㣬Ȼ͸һˡ
Ҷ㿴ۣͷ΢Цת׼ҼҶĳ׼ҵľӢضܳΪʥ͢оص
ǾͶлҶֵˣҲǾˣҲᱻȥʹʥ򣬴ʱҶô˵ʱ֪ҶѾһ˼ʱϲͷһ
ʵ˵Ҷ̫ˣҲ̫ǿ֮ǰЩҶƲСС׼ҡû뵽ҶӦʹ죬ȴʹʹȻ쳣
һ˲˵һ۵˵ҶֵܣҪСѰһžǴëģֻЩЩСҲΪͷʵ˵ʵϤ˶֪˴ݣȫĹ͡˵ñߣ
һ֮ȴӦϢæԼֹʥһֵҶ㡣
ʱűƿһλʥֻ߱˽һҶۣȸЦ˼ʥʹһҶ󽫾°
ѰʥʹῪЦ۰˵
Ҷ󽫾ˡʥ߻ߵǰҶ΢΢˵ͷҶ㳤һ֣λѰѰʥʹɣ
˴αʹȴʥʹԱѰЦ
ǿɲҵ䡣
ʥʹƺˣѰЦţǹҴҶ󽫾̸ɣˣ±ȸˣλ˽ܻ˵
˽ܻҶһЦѰʥʹɡ磬֪кθ룿
磿ѰҡͷһЦֿɲΪ򹥿˵ĵһ򷲼磬ҪֱȽϺáҿСʤǣҶ󽫾Σ
۲һüʥҲδּǿĴ֮Ѱʥʹǲ̫Щ
⻰ֱˣѰɫʱһ䡣


604 ̽þ
ѰǰûǸӡһѰϾǾʹߣʥʹߣȻʹߣɳ߲ͬȻи֣֮⻰˵ȴҲʥʶδҪҶ㽫Ѱôô󣬸Ҷǰװ
ҲʶԼ˾ЩǸǼЦףҲٿۣתҶ㡣
Ҷ󽫾ķƺ̫ðɣ˵ϾԵҪʱʱС˵Ϯúò׵õֵأתʧ䡣ĻҶ󽫾ɾʹӹһ±ˡ
ŶҶһЦʥʹս֮ƺУ
պϰɡѰص˵ͷ
̫ˡҶЦ˵ҶĳԼս֪֮֮٣ʥʹȴʹҶĳĺûᡪأֻǻûͷʥʹΪҶĳӣҶĳ֪оսҲóʶΣ
Ѱɫһ䣬漴ɿ˼Ц˵˰ɣҶ󽫾ΪʥոʧصĴ󹦳򲻸󽫾ȵġ
˻ЦһѹȴѰúѰɫ˼䣬ҧҧûз
Ҷ󽫾תҶ㣬Ҷ˴˴ǰҪ˲壬ʥҪ֮¡Ѱʥʹϲܾ£ڴ˵أҶ˵ǱӲһΣ
ʥʹѰһüʥ͢Ҷǰǻලóʲô©ȴҪǰȥǺε
Ҳǿ֮ͦЦȻѰʥʹ֪ԼеʹǾͳɣ
Ѱ˷۾û˵ֻܺһŶ˳˹
˵ʥʹ˲飬ҶҾһڸ߲㶼˹ʶ۵ǰ۴кʶ۵ļԼ˶ʥʹôȣ֪ҲԼˣҲǰкŸЦѰĿɨһǿߣȴ˭û࿴һۣûӣɴ˵һԼȥ
һ˰ޱϣֱͨ׻ǵռǰҶǰһֱ̽ǿռ֮ţȴۺѰһ
⡭ռţ۾ĺʥǿĿռŰҶ󽫾ô
ҵ˵Ҷ󽫾֮ʱĺʥҲʲôɣѰ˵
⻰һڣȴҶҾ˶֪ǸʲôһǿߵĿʱñŵѰɫ࣬ĺھͲ˵ˡ
Ǵ˴δսսƷҶ˵ɻԶǡҽ֮֮ѾԭȴѾܹ׷ƣһЩԭ߱Ĺܡʥʹλȥʥʣ˵ǹȥĿռʹ̫ʥһʦҿԽ̵Ǵŵ֮ʱ֮ȫֿռţֻҪгȴ˺ܶࡣ
һת棡ۼæͷ޵֪£һܿĵġ
Ѱ˷۾˵ЩˮĻܵΧûаĿǴѡ˳Ĭ
ͨռ˰׻ǣλʥʹʱܵ˰׻ͳЫһӭһӭʥʹۺѰӡ
һǿˣǫѷúܣסع֣ХںЫʳʶ̣ʲôڰ˻ʥкοʲôǷԸΪʥʲôǷҶոʧأʡʣ֮ûʡ
λߵȻҪҶ㳤ĵ죬֤Ҷ󽫾ָӣ˵ĶʹĶ˵֧ܵ˾֧ܵƣֵۺϲ£졣
ѰбۿţЦһλֻҶ󽫾һ֮
ѲɻģЫɫһûػӦ
Х´ѰһһѰһֵı顣
ѰҲǸ˻˵һǿɱ˵ĿʱųһëԼװ۵
һȴҲǰԼ˵ӣæתƻ⣺Ҷ󽫾ǻٶҲշǵǱ߿һɡ
𼱡Ҷһ֣׻߶λѾٿЫǰɡЫһӵһǰҪһ׻ǲԶǳЫǡ
Ҳáһͷ
ͨռţٳľҲöˡλʥʹεЫӵеι֮ͨռ˶ǡ
һǣ˾̲סüһƬɵ磬Ҳֻж˽֮ʥ˵ֱ޷ס֮أѰűƺܲϢһ˼뿪¡
ԽˣҶԽǲ˼˶͹ڶתһȦ뿪
˲˲𰡣̲סصͷҿҶ󽫾֮ʱֻսʿɣңȴ۹أ뿪Ҫȹǰ޹ˣֻºҲˡ
⻰˵þ͹˰ɣѰ˵˻ʥǿߣô͸˵ǰ޹ˣ֮УҲ۷磬ۣ֮ôͺߣ
ؿһۣ⻰ȴҲ÷һٶԡ
λʥʹ֪ҪʲôҶŶ˻ص˰׻ϣ΢Цʡ
ûʲôˡһЦѾúˡ˿ո֮أҪĹͣȴҶ󽫾ƫЩǶǣҿȴһ˱Ե֮أأҶ󽫾ȴǽһʥ۹Ҫ˴󹦣ʥ֮ͱزڻþ
ٵþǱ߿һɡѰô˵ʱ۾һȻʥʹô˵ǲǱҲһԵʧƽˡ
ҲáҶʹ˸ɫǺһЦҲҶ󽫾ˣͻþ˶ཻһͬش˵ҪҪǡ
Ҳд⡣ҶһڲһͷҲ׷Цűʾͬ⡣
֮䣬ûпռҶֱȡһҹսһͬţſǶȥ
ۺѰȻսгĻᣬ˶鲻ԽؼҪ֪˻ʥ֮ҲһĴսרʥУ˽֮ȴʥ֮͢бǹλ߳Ҳеģ˵Ȼˡ
֮ս˿ǸʱӿһԵʥߺˡ
ǰԲɢԼʥͨþʥ͢ʥʹۡѰ
þڻƽϣԷʥӦҪԼȥҰɣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣѰüһ
ҶҾһȴٺٶЦȻڼһñһľ档
ҲüȻڿһ̬ȼ⣬˵һͶ˻ñ£ǹ˳˱ʥ͢ҿ˼ȴǸʥ͢һ
ˡҶһЦԼȥˡ
˵ţݴŻƽǶȥ֮Ǵͬʱսһӽзʥѯߺˣǰ˵ԷȴȻʲôʥʹһ£ֻţҵţʹ˵
תǾҶ㵽áҶʱһ½Լʥɢ˳ȥԷ
Ҷ㣿Էʱһֿ־֮⣬иӦʥ߶ظӦˡ
ҶҶ󽫾ԵƬ̣ˣ𼱣𼱣ԷػӦţһΨҶӡ
۲Ҷ㣬һЦǵҲµ˰


605 ñ
ҶߵˣǸҲ𣿡
ǲҡǶȽӿ˵
ʮأλֳ
ҲңܽԵĳ´ʡ
ȴǻƽ˿֮
ֵһˡ
Ѱǣû֨ףʤӦеĽӴҲǻñʱ֣ͻƽֻ¾ͶҶˡ
˵ҶּĴʣ֮ûŵӾʿˡ
ֱǺ֣ѰҶ㣬ʱҲ˵ۺһʥɢ˳ȥƽ岻Ѿ˳ʥ͢𣿱ʥ͢ʹߣǰѲǣʥʹȻ·ţ
תҶ㣺Ҷ󽫾ȥ
ǵһ°ɡҶһЦ⽫һ˹ȥȥɣš
ȴǲѰѰΡǼֵЦţԶԶѰоƤ̡
ʱһʥʥʹˣҶ󽫾
ʥ£Ҷս֮ϣ䵽һɽ֮ϵĳǳСǳǳرǻƽǣĸߴ󹬵ǻƽס֮ȴѾ˻ñй
˵ǧλƽȨǰӭӣ̬ȹΪʮˣȴˣۻ׵ʥˡ
Ǿ¸һһλףȳƺÿϬСӵʥǰۺѰ
˴ʱʥ͢ʹߵĹٷǲѱϣһһǰ֪ʥʹ
ԭǻý΢Цͷֻ
ǾأѰȴһüʥ͢ʹߵôӭӣ
һĿ΢΢һ漴һЦ˼£ʱһ˲õһʱȴĩӭλˡ֮ܵλˡ
Ҷһ̲ס룺ñڴѵڻƽ֮طʲô˲õĶɣ
ýܷҵ֮һۣҶ΢ЦʡҶĳ֮Ҳĵã˵һ֮
Ҷ󽫾ɣһ͸һָӵĹâǾǵ⣬׽͸һЦ֪˲õʦδþ֮ĩȴҲ˽Դ˴ˡ
޷Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ȵϢɡһһת˸ơ
ߣѰһǰȴߵ۵ǰ棬ٲȻһȫ쵼ߵӡҲƽϣҶһں棬Ǵ֮С
֪λʥʹкδͽأ󣬻һ΢Ц۷ʡ
˵ѰѾЦ˵Ǿ²֮ǱúܣѲҶ󽫾ԼҪȴոʧصĴ󹦣ƺǾΪװҶ󽫾˼ȴǾǳ֮Σռ˱˶ѣҲ֪ʵΣԾ˳Ҳˡ
⻰һڣʮʥߵɫ㶼һ䣬һŭĿҶ㡣
Ҳɫ΢䣬ʵѰʥʹ⻰Ҫ˵ˡҶ󽫾ʱ˵ֻôû
ûô˵˼˼ѰЦ˵
ñһʥ߱ҪǰƺҪһһֶ֣ͣ
һϴ΢ЦѰ˵Ѱʥʹû´ĻǷ˴֮˫ϵİɣ
㡭˵ʲôѰȣһҲûС
ϵԷԼͼȴϲԷᵱ˵һҲԼڳ
Ҷ󽫾ģǵȻСһҶ㣬΢Ц漴һתҶ󽫾˱ҵȴĽѾá֪Ƿܸҵһᣬҵȼʶһ¸Ӣ۵ķɣ
˵˰죬󲻻˶ԷӲмغһ
Ѱ˵ɫʱʱ죬޵ֱҧһߵĻȴ̲סЦ룺ϹȻѾ˶Է֪Ҳ̲סȴϴ⣡
λѣ㷽ŵĺвм֮԰һ߳һλߴʥߣһ۾ͬһ˸Źâסӡֲ벻ķָۣһҲóǵı죬Σ
һֻ΢ЦֹȻĬˡ
ˣЦһȴǰҶǰһ񣺡ԷָУҾͬΪʥսʿСæӦðģ׼
áҶ㻺ͷִԼվǡ˵ѡ
ףѰݰһ˴ķԸҪ˫ޣ˴ΪУ˴ɽۻ
Ҳ֪ǿ֮ޣԽǽֻ֣±˴ԽྴǰöԷӡ
ǣӹһ֮󣬲Żߵ룬Էһ֣˼ҶҾû˸Ҳ˾ͬжҼҶ׼ˡ
һ˵һ߿ŶԷЦȴԷһ졣
֮£ȴԵöԷľͲôôȴƸһ㡣
һҲü֪˫δ֣ԼʵϱѾһҲԸ񣬶ͬһѣעأҪ˿Ц
⻰ȴ˵ѰģѰֻװûŸ۾ҡͷԺ⡣
ǣһͷתӣһȭ·ΪһԱѸմ
ҰӡһЦҶ˴ӻƫƧ֮ؾȳһùΪڶ¾бͣɶְҲûУƽʱҶ˴赹ˮʲôġЦˡ
һüӹЦԼĿһ֮䣬ڿ˼ƣӳ˵ɡ
ҲڼƣֻŶԷӦϵϢȻŶԷʼԷʮҵľ룬֮ȴ·ֻŷһ㡣
Է񿴶仨һǰҵؿüһҪתʲôʱ򣿡
δ֮ʣȴͻȻһͬһڷ磬ɲǼХǰֻȭͷһĹâӰһһŷľݺնȥ
Ҳ׳ȣȴСһŵ׳Ǻһ壬ӶŵâȭֱĻκһ˿ӵĹƣ᱾ܵؾ÷һѡܡ
û뵽ȻѡӲƴһһתʱһΪŨʥʥڿţתΪȴһּ·ΧĿռһ¶סһ㣬ΧϢһ̡
ôֱӭ˫ȭϵĵâȴûбĵâնƣ෴ʥȴӵĵâûޱȣ·˿Уûǰһһӵؿڻȥ
Сӣ۾һȻǱԷȤ˫ȭһ֮䣬ǵ⾹ȻȭͷȻʥסȴӰж˫ȭһ֮䣬⣬ֱӴǰ
һƻţرȭɱ
΢΢ͷʱȥһ֣ʥѾâ顢ɣȴǽǵ󻯳Լ
˼Ҳ˵ͷǿ˶ֲź棡
һЦû˵ʲôֻ͵һ˦֣ǰסʥһӷ˹
йâһһֱһâʥ֮Уһֱ㽫ʥ顣
ûϵԼʥȻܱâƣһ漴ͷޣֵܣȻӹ֣
Դ󡣡һЦΪֵܡȴеռұˡ
ʲô˼һ
һ֮ʣȴѾ


606 ˣƵ
ۼԷʱһ࣬˫ǰӿһʥʱһƬƲʰǰţһƣһƬ֮Ʊ˹ȥƺҪȫС
Ȼ֪ʥȴֱԿһ֮ͬˮɽһƹһƬƣһ˷Ĳ棬̧־һȭŷĲߴ˹ȥ
ȴһҲţ΢΢һЦ֮䣬ƳһƬʥֱӹסӵĵâ漴һţȴӵؿڴ
ΣҲһߵҡβֹ
Ǽղһ죬һżӣ޲ܳȥս̲סֹţôģ칥ҪȥʱĵƵǼһﻹֶһʤˣ
ǶһšûԷʥǹ𣿡
罺ᰡѵõ˸׼ȷݴʡ
һŴĶˣϲ¶˵֮ɫ̧ͷҶ㣬ƺ˵ôǵ˼һɣ
ҶɫƽɫֻǾűȶеˡ֮£ȴʤ˻һһ֡һɫһ죬ҲЩ΢ĵ⡣

Ȼһ˫ȭ֮һƬâһſڿкݺһҧһʥȴǻһʥսһڽҧס
ʲô·ӣûʹˣһ
񷽲ӿ絶âȻҲ񼼣ԶԵҲʲô̫ļɣҧŵǰ޹ˣҲһˡ
һǰ˫ȭ䣬Ҳתһѵͬһ㣬ӹĽǶն
Ŀһ䣬صӭȥּĵʥȴǷ˫ȭϵĵâԼֽ̧֮ǰһƬʥ֮˻һͻһʥ֮ܣסһ
ɲ֮䣬һʥ֮ͻȻըֻһƬϼһ½ֹͷز˸ʵֻԼ·ǵ˽ǰһƬʣȴգҲ÷һ
ñҲ˱ȴǵ͹ǣʵǸ
һе֣¶ЦҲҴ⣬ʱӱԼס֮ʣ߾һֻơ
罺ʥпۣһĴս΢΢һЦ˵ȭΪ֮ᡯΣɻ˵ùȥɣ
Ҫٴˣʤѷ֣ԡɫ䣬վҪֹ䣬Ҷȴҡͷ¡
˭˵ʤѷ֣һЦҿŰɡ
ԣҿŰɣѰȴЦŷǿʥ۳ɵսֻ⵶һӵͷϡˣñҶ֮ͽĥĳޡ
ˡ
ֵǣȲ˿Ҳֻһսűסӡ
ôȻȴͣʡ
Ȼ͸罺ʥشȴ˶еơ
Ҫ֪ԷʥѾȫͷ˫ְΧԴȴ޷ĲŶԡ
ΪҸӦܻɱҵľ΢΢һЦ
Ӳɻͷ
üıҲǵͷ
˻ӣȴͬʱЦɲǼ䣬ӵһ䣬еһսһըѿзһ±㽫סġ֮ᡱʥ˺ƣſڴȣһâԿһŷȥ
һŵսһ·ӭӵĵâײʱһ죬˫˫顣
֮УѾǰһת֮˫ֱն˫븹͵һԾ𣬵ţÿŶһ֮ᡱӲȥҪٴ
һתƾͱ˷תȥ˫ȭ磬ȭͬ磬˲ƿ֮ʥһſڼʥɳֱҧסһ֮ʥնƣһͬһ˿еķϣƺһһ±ڵϣ֮һšվȡ
Ҳվֱӣͬɽλֱ˴˶ţԷȴ͸¶֮⡣
˴Ĵָ
ҲһһЦ
ʹ˰ɡʱһͻȻڡ֮λֵܱôǿ»ἤ鲻Խʹʱֶֻѣ˭ˣǲԸɣ
Ҷ㣬΢Ц
ˣЦЦǲ̫ϧҵҲʶһ֮ᵽǿء
ֻѹ׵ֶ𣿡ӣʵУĳԸдһûУȰֻǷɡҲд󣬶֮ȭȷʵ¡
Ǿҿж°ɡ΢Ц
ãӣͷȫ֣ǶֵĲˡ룡
˵֮䣬ȴһ͵һȥ֮ʥȫ£ʱһס
۾ף˼ص˵ͷ¶һ˿ŵЦݡţͻȻԭ˫ȭſ³һʥս˫ȭâϵػϣʥսշ裬Ҷ
˿ĪԷȴԼԭˡˣȴҪʲô
ɲǼ䣬ȴһ䣬ĳһ°;ֹ·ǼǰʲôµԼȥһ
˲һɻ󡪡ôѵ⡰ˣ棬̺Ī
ôˣ΢ЦţȴͣϽʥսҷɣȴܷܲԼߡʥսÿնһΣһ֣Ƭ֮ѾҫۣƲʥһ浶
㡭ӣȴкȻ֮ɫ
㲻Ҿ͹ȥˡӵЦţͻȻǰŷȥһߣһǲϵնԼʥսšˣ
ȴɫһ䣬Ȼȥ
һʱǾޱȡ
ͻȻ䣬͵ǰһſ֮һâֱӭŷȥæȥץ֮ϵ֮ǵâסһ˦һԡ
ʱȴ³һâȴ򱻷׿һââײһһȴһһʥս
Ӳ³âնʥս֮ϣȴʥսסڿУڲ
ս뷲ȴмԶ˲ֺ
ɷȴɫ䣬ǵ亹£·ǵԶ裬Լʺһ㡣˴󲻽⣬ۣȴ˭Ҳ˵⵽ô¡
ϵЦȴԽԽʢЦһͻȻŷ³һâȴ֮ǰǷսսʧȥ˵âնƶ֮ڵϣɢˡ
ۼһâնһץһȴҶһȭֱӽ֮
㲻æұԼҲΪ⣬ſһâ³ֱһĿյأȻ󲻶³â֮ʥսôת
£ǿڷսȴҲ鲻Խز
ˣʹʲôаɣɴ۾ӣһĲ⡣
Ҳ֪ô£ҶҲ̲ס
֪ҡͷ
ʱȴѾɫ԰׵ҡҡͷһ³ȥ֮ףӿЦһһȭˣķڷû뵽ϾȻһУ
ô£˲ɾȻ
ΪʲôһҲסˡ
ͺáһЦеĵâһʥսһУô̽ֻú
ܷ֮£οʵʵأӣϿҵʡ


607 ں
ӵЦţǰȥһ˷񣬷Ӧ֮ɫʱһ䣬ӣ桭ˣ
Ҳ˵ΪֵܡȴռҵıˡӹһЦȥķļ򡣡ҲǴţȻһдɱУ
Ǽ˹ͬŬĹ͡ˣæӹ˸ȴ֪γƺ
ЦŰ˰֣ŬɡҲ֪ˡ
л佱һ̬ȹ˼㣬˲ɻ
˸ԹӣһüŷȥѯʣȵõĻӦҲһľȣӡ
˵ʲôˣǾϹǵлģ̲סܡ
磬㷽ʹʲôСӸˣʡ
ҶҲźĿ⿴ۺѰ͸˵ˡ
Сӵ棬ǧǰҵе㽻顣΢΢һЦҲǼʶʹһУȷСӾСӵĺˡСԴһȭǰʥΪ֮úܡֻǵʹҲûзȴûһ¡ϾѣҲ˵Щȭ룬бзһе뷨
˶٣ƺǻ䵱Ѽ飬ȻŽ˵һб֮ʥΪ׻Уʵȴƾ֮һ˿֮ʥɢΧĿռУ˲Ծ䱻һʥǣж䴦ƣΪԼĿܣױԼɱǱԼƣһЩµ
ôаţǶȳһ
һȻǿ֪ҲͲˡ˵Сӵϸ˵һе룬Ұһоȴ֪һзʥ֮˿ϮķλǷӲϽӽҵʥ֮˿նϡһ֪ؼʥ֮˿λãˣʹǷӣƻЩؼ֮ʥ֮˿ʹһлδųȱˡ
ԭˣ˲ɻȻ
ֻǴ˷˵򵥣ֱȴѡ룬֪йؼ֮⣬˾Ͷ޷ҵǼؼҲ֪Щʥ֮˿ӺδϮ
ҸղŰʵ˵ˣһ֪ĺѣ̬ȱˡһЦ⺢ӻǺܶòġ
һӵĺǧǰϹŶٿһһɣķ뵽⺢ӡ֣е㷢䡣
ô˵Ҷ󽫾µʵʤһﰡѰЦ˵
һ˷Ľ֮ǼĴյĿж˼־ȣҲ˼־أȻվǼĴһȭʧˣû뵽λȻǧǼҵӢǰ
˵˵ĴպٺЦŹ˹֡
Ҷ󽫾ܾǧǰӢǰҲǴһֻЩһ£ǱȲáһҶ㣬ϴЦ⣬һ仰Ѱһȥˡ
ֻɶѡҶһЦýҲûɣЩѰɣҲ⣬ֻһæ鷳㻹ǰͨһɡ
⡭һΪѼ䣬һȴͻȻ˹ʱһ࣬æҶ󽫾ҼҾǰȥæ벻Ҫˡ
áҶһͷվһֱĬޱʱͻȻ䣬˵СЩ
ġҶ֡ʱһñ˹ȴǸ֮ҶԼ֮أҶһѾȥúƽһ֮С
ײһ޴ҶñʱҶ΢΢ü˫չɢʥ
Ҷ£ʱӦҶ֮һǿޱȵҲ͸һֻʥĿܸӦĽ⡣
ˣñͷҲصʡޱȣһûƽʱǰֳɰζ
⣬ȴʵһ档ӵҶ׶ܾ֮ܵҶ̬ȾȻ˾޴ı仯ȴҶǰαװԼ
ˡҶһͷΪβߣ
ʲôߣһ򣿡ñЦһ
һ򣿡ҶĿһ
ܸӦµɣñ˵Ǿǻƽһǿµ֮ƽ硯Դ
ѹ֡Ҷ㻺ͷһΪ֧ţʲôԷӳµ
Ӧҵġɡñ˵ͻƽһһ֡Ϊ֮ʱشͬھ֮似ƽʱô֮ʣȴ٣ĵ˲ɱ㡣
ѵҶһ
ƽʱûºñ˵ϸо˻ƽʷЩ˵߲ƾٲһʧ֮󣬱ӵʮܳɳΪǿѾ磬ȴȲüʮʱ䡣
̫ԼˡҶһЦ
ɲҲԼñ˵ʥڲңŻһոǿܱһǿЩɡ
УҶһü
ǵġñͷ뱾ħʥϵɧұ߹أе̽Ѿȷ桪ħʥѾ̲׳Լ˼ˡ
ʥ֮սͬСɰҶһüδҲ̫
ħʥǸСʥ򡣡Ҷ˵꣬ñС뱾ʵ൱ĵزɡʥ֮ȴһλŵĻӣѹӣһͳʥǿֵ֮˼
ӣҶ㲻һ˵ħʥ𣿡
Ҫ֪ʥʲ֮ʱǲᵮºģֻܻӳȺľ档ñĻȴ˵סӡ
ǵġñͷħʥһûõĶֻ֪ھɫ֮СмٸӼٸֱ齨һֻˡЩһҲֻ֮ͽֻһλޱȣȴǱв
ʲôҶʡ
ڲʱ򡣡ñüҶ㣬ұԸ⡮ܣڿһȴǶ̲¡һѣһͬʥںˣԻΣ
ȻЧ͡Ҷһͷ
֪ñǱΣŻд֮¡
ųʥָ¡ñ˵ҶҲδ˵ϻֱ߰£ɢһʥ
ȻӦҶñɻͷޣȴصؿʼָҶʥһ£뵽һƬޱߵĽ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ҶֻоԼһƬƽԼʥܵմȾҲ˻ƽһĳҫۣԼ·𶼻˽ģޱȣֿʼЩӲ
£ġñ˵ҲˣҲŻʱʧûлʺá
ˡҶһͷŻñԼϴ뵽ں֮С
أӦһƽ硣Ź̵Ľˮǧ֮µĵز֮ȫǻƽʯ
Ȼڣɸ̾
ǻƽʱġñ˵ĺǿޱȣҲ֪ʲôǿ߷⹤̣˸е¡
ǿ߾Ȼôǿ󲻵Ҷ̾š
ˡͻȻ䣬ñһ¡
ҶӦԼָѾĺ֮ءˮ̳һԲεĽֱʮңڽˮлתš
ǣࡣ
һ޴ǡࡱʶ˵ʥ֮С


608 ؽ
ʱҶоԼʥ·Ҫɻƽģص׹ȥԶ뿪Լ
ΪҪʱ̣ñһҶ㣬һںǻƽΪˣ
ãҶһͷʥ͵һӿ˲ͽǻƽں˰һʥӿϳˢںˣ֮һ
ñҲȫԸڵʥӿȲͨں֮УҶ޴塣
޴ں̸ף˼ľȴҲֻǽ漸һѣʥһ㣬ǱƤʱָֻ糣
ñĿأһֻ֧ŷųʥһֻȴȡʮöҩöֱӶöݸҶ㡣
ҩƬ̼䣬ñʥָ糣
ҪҶñȻҲʥʥɾֵ֡ҩЧʥȴ̫ԶҶ㵹ǲмʹãֱȡʮöʥһö󣬸˻ñö
Ҷ˵
ñҶ㣬ֻһö㱻ʥɴΪȡʱں˵Ĺؼʱ̣ȴû˼ƽֱӽӹöʥ
һŬȴڽں˴룬Ҳĵʮöʥ
ԽȴԽѣñ˵һ֮󣬱һؿҸ˵ͻƣǵʱҪһٽ֮ƣܽʣµںһ
áҶͷʱһұ˳֮һͬ¡
ãñӦһר־Լһ֮Ŀһһȫ֣
˲䣬Ҷ㽫е˳ȥʱӦһ޴ںеһԲǣ佫Լͻñʥ棬ʹʥܼںˡ
ҶӦԼһȴ޷һ֮ʣǾͻᷴʹʮɵںһʥߣʹ֮ǰŬһ
˺֮£һȻǿȴǲж֮رգڶͬʱ֮£ȫ˵ʥʥٲܶ˵
ʥʱ˳ؽں֮УٵؽݵҺ̬ںɲǼ䣬˶Ӧһ߹ͨԼ뵽Լڣγһͨں˵Ż
ǶоֻҪԼ֮ôһŻлͬʱںеһµġƽ硱ٴأΧеĵ˶ɻƽ
ɹˣȻɹˣñϲѣ
һ£ҶȴȻءҸӦں룬ʲôټһѾ˵иջ񣡡
ջ񣿡ñһ֮ȴһͷæչʥʥҶϣΧסں봦
ģ˶һָо·ǷһŻǾȵضһۺ󣬱ȫǵŻ
Ż΢ССñ΢С˹ǲ׽ŻϢҪȫʥ˿ܷģ뽫֮ϼѡҶϧȡʮöʥñһʮöȫֱ֣ʮöʥȫùŻȴδܱա
ʲôñޱȡ
Ҷһüȡʮöʥͻñˣ
ǰǶʮöʥñ̲סͷҶ㡣ĵҩжΪʦĻñκ˶˽⣬벻Ҷֵҩȴ·Զһ㣬һ֪ʲô΢Żһ¿óʮö۶գһգ
ͻȻԼҶ˽⻹ࡣ
ҲͻȻҶǿ¡
ۿЩʥҲҪĹ֮ʣȴתŻƺǱҶ˵ԵʣͻȻţȻ򿪡
Ҫˣñɻһ
һ֮ȴǾΪŻһһ⣬һ˶˵ʥ˶֮һʹ·һ㡣
ʱñҲ룬ʱԼʥʥҴҵ룬Ҷ֮ʱȻҶʥһ£ʹҶʥһ޷뿪ֻܶǿµĽ⡣
Σ֮УҶȫתʥǽѾҶʥҶȴ죬˲䣬ǽ̶ֱҶʥ֮С
ҶƺһֻǰһƬʣҲ˲仯ޱȣһ֮һѪֱͦͦȥ
Ҷ㣡ñһæҪҶ
ʱ˽űߵʥ뵽˷Ҷı֣ԥˡ
ҪԼȻҶ㣬̧֣һʥתţһذסذ׵ļ׼Ҷ㣬ţʱпܴ¡
ȴδ¡
ñھҵضţ֪ʱɱҶ㣬㽫޻ᣬȴ˵Ϊʲô²֡
Ҳ֪˶ãҶȴͻȻ۾עʵΪλ֣
㡭ñһһһ˦֣Ǻذ׻˶ɢ
һҪлĲɱ֮ˡҶվ䡣
㡭û°ɣñɫе㷢ף֪Ϊŵı˪ΪЩڡ
û¡ҶҡҡͷһȻһƬ̣ƺûжɽһ˺
ǡǱáñεصͷ㡭ǵõǻƽǼֵÿĵĺ¡
ȴûʲôĵġҶ΢΢ҡҡͷȥһܱһ˿룬ΪֻΪҪ˼壬Բ಻˵ùȥֶΡա
һЦ
ñͷ͵øˣɫҲԽ԰ס
ں˰ɡҶ㻺˵΢ŻʱһҪСġ߶ĸ֮˱Լ˳û㣬ȴҰ˻ʥʧ
ñͷԼȴ
ǣҶ㿴Ůӣȴһ仰Ҳ˵һüȥ
ñû׷ȥֻվǶУ̧ͷҶȥʱеļӰ
ҶɳǶУҪֱӻصƽ֮УͻȻȴӦԭҰһ仯ͣظӦƬ̺㷢ԼԭҰ֮жһâ
ǴԼ֮еһ⣬ʱ⾲طԭҰ֮ϣʱʱһ£ȲҶʥ˲ʥֻôطţһ
֮£Ҷʥ͸˹ȥһʱһֻСө׷ҶʥҶʥ£ԭҰзš
ҶʥһͣһҲͣŲ
⾿ʲôҶһȻӦоһԼȫ޶⣬ԼκβӰ졣෴ԼʱԼԼһиС
˵
˲䣬ȴ۾һ
Ѳɣ΢Ż⣬ҪϮǣŻȫ֮Ҫĳǣ
뵽˴ϸ۲ԭҰһ⣬Խǹ۲ԽԼ²ⲻ٣ҡͷһЦ
ñֻ֮Լѣȴҵס㵱ƣȴ֪Ƿĺô֮͸ң
ں˵ʱһȻָֻ糣Ҷñһ˸޷֮ȴٲܽںˣлӴ΢Ż
һݺôȴҶøضˡ
Ҷ㲻ʥԭҰ֮Уһ⡣ģǵ˱仯ػһֻССķɳ棬һֻө㡣Ҷޱȣ·ҶΪһ㡣
Ҳ֮˵᳤Ϊ˲õĶ
Ҷ̲ס롣


609 ˮ
ص˻ƽ֮Уһʱӿñ˼ñûһЩɻ󣬻һǰ㹰ʣҶ󽫾Ǿ
ڼǼҶ˵ܰѾﵽˣʣµľͿԼɡ
˵ųʣʥʹ˻ʲôҪ𣿡
۸оҶƺͷҡҡͷҲûʲôˣҶ󽫾ҪµĻǾ߰ɡ
áҶŻһһ֣ȸˡ
˵ţߡһؿıӰκУܵʱҶսкҲһˡ
ôˣһԼҶƺˣһͷˮԡ
뿪˻ñأҶֱӴ׻ϣͨռŻص硣
ҲоҶе㲻ͷҶ㲻˵ȴҲҶʡѾᣬ㲻ٶ֮ѰһȥˡѰֻһûҶñı˴˶ʮֲʣҲûбİ취룬ֻ㬵ˡ
λʥʹǵĶޱʱҶ㣺磬ôˣ
֮ǰڻƽ֮ϣ˵㲻˳ĵ¡Ҷ΢΢ü
ǲǻñСӡӼæеʡ
ôˣޱʱһĽš
˵ռ˵ˡҶ˵
ΧʱһƬ۹⣬ޱɫȴһ䣺ʲô
Ǹ˼Ҷ㲻ҡͷЦæñһںˣͬʱˡƽ硱£Լ΢Ż֮ʱñƵ˵ˡ
ޱûҧ˵Сӣл᲻ƤŹ֣
Ƥ̫ˡԱֹţǹ·ͺá
ûôɫƶӣЦ
Ů˼Ҷȶ£㶮ƨӰһۡҵ˼ǣɱʹࡣ
˭Ǹ£ٺһЦޱҲʹһˣǧ⡣ѾͷıҿǼģ治һĿ¡
˵ˡ磬һôˣûвĸоޱҲֻʹһѣ˵ˡĵȴǴҶԭҰеǵ⡣
ûСҶ˵ǵҵʥʮ׽ܸӦǲκβӰġԽʥ仯ԽѾһֻСɳˡ
ô棿Χ˶ۿ
Ҵչһʱ䡣Ҷ˵ҪúоһСӣܱʲô˲õĶ
ãڷҲûбʲô¡ޱһͷǰ㻤κ˴š
áҶһͷ뿪еĵײ㡣
ԭ֮ȴѾʯһ˸˵ƻͨžµĵרΪҶ㲻ܴŵáҶֱ²һ֮УĳĬĬؽʥеԭҰ֮УһֻСɳ档
СɳһӦҶʥʱҶʥԭҰ֮費ݡ
ҶȫԭҰ֮УʥʥסעСɳڡ֪䣬ɫС仯һԳȴʧС߰Ķ׷Ҷߡ
֪䣬ҶȫʥСϣС߱㲻סϽһƬƬƬҶʥļ죬֧֮ţֻʥСߡ
ˣҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬˶ʥС߲һرƬȴǻһɶ೤ĽɫС
ҶԭҰ߲Ϣ׷ҶʥҶʥʱ㻶ϲ֮裻ʱʵطڵϲޱҶһһ㡣
ҶУҲɶСޱϲ֮飬̲סʥעС塣
ֲ֪˶ãС彥׳ȴǻһʮɳľ
ߵľҶֻһ񼤵ܸӦǿޱȣֲ٣ϵϢޱȣȴʤһ
һĪ̲סȻʥڡʥٳɳֻϵƬԽԽ࣬óأɷ϶ЩƬ䡣
ЩƬһأʱ˽ˮֹһƬˮţϽƬ䣬أȻٳɶ࣬һƬˮһɫĴأһССĽζǽſ³һ⣬Χγһƽ
ҶʥӦһУͻȻһֹԲĸоԶֹͣʥҲʥ
ǽˮ֮еСʱһƬƬĽۣ˳صףصǽɫճһҲһƬƬĽУڳصס

Ҷ㲻۾һ𣬴ϲ֮ƿռ䣬ԵϹ֮С
ڣޱһ̸ʲôҶͻȻ֣ԭüͷʱ滺æ˹ȥҶֹеʣô
˵㲻ʲôġٺ׺ǺЦš㿴ʲôҲûаɣ
ҶͥҲ첽Ц˵Ҳܹޱżʵ˵ҲЩżˡ㣬һһչؾ£Ǵûе°
£ҶԼҲһұչôã
ǰĪܵͷûչôùԽˣԽҴ㡣ˣһǰʥ͢Ѿּ⣬ΪʥʹӡźƵﶼ˹ӦԽּۣ鷳ˡ
û뵽ҶҡͷһЦҾȻչ¡Ҹоֻ¶˵Ҳֻɡ
죿ĪЦˡʲôЦСȴʮһʥߣ׼ҵӵܣ˵ҪѧϰġҿʵڣֻҲѧʲôˡǣһǧսʿһҲʮǿߡ׼ҲǴ壬һô˹ɼһߡһֱ㣬Ϊڱչأֻܵš㿴ʲôʱǣ
ڰɡҶ˵ȻΪǵǾͲˡ
סĪһͷʱһ
мµ㱨˸˿ڣҲǼսڳⶼ֪ĵطвȱֵ֧ʥߣһЩСʥ壬ͽǸϹϵÿ춼вãô죿
Ǻ°ٺ̲ס˵ô׳ġ
±㽻ͰٺɡҶ˸һͷٺ׹ȥһλۣѡ˲żҳ϶֮±ȽСҪҲһЩĵļһЩߡ
ˡͬʱͷ
ȱЩʱشյҶǰ´̲סɻ˵Ҹо˻ôţôоһϢͺ񡭡ͺѾһôģ
Ҫ˵ġҶһЦαչأȴдջ񣬾Ȼһ⻯ɵС棬һĽ
˶һ
ʱʮһ׼ӵѾȲظ˹ȥվڵҶʱ˵ɡ
ʮһ룬ҶǰԹʩʺáҶĿɨǣʥӦǸʵףʲôҪѧӵܣľӢ
Ҳϲ˵ϻҶ˵ǽֻҪȫΪҳٲǵĺôҲٲ׼ҵĺô
ǣʮһ˹Ӧ
ҼʶһǽɣһȲ
áҶ˵ͷκҲһʱ׼ʮһҲżʶһ£֪Լˡ
ʥһ֮䣬ԭҰˮ֮е۷ڶһʮɽлΪҶ⣬֮лһʮɽ衣
һϢڴ֮ɢ·ʥ޾ڵС
ʮһ׼ʥߣʱɴ۾
ҵ죡ɴ۾


610 ĩ
ڵţʱɢϢҶһ֮£ʱɢһӴڳ˶һľ
ʮһ׼ҵʥУһɫ԰׵صڵϣʵǿ
Ҳŵòᣬƶʱסȴֻɫ԰ףûе
ǻҪ϶˸ʮһˣĳ˵תͷȴһ֮ɫԱ
ȻΪʥʱҲҶȴǴӲ̣Ҳٴ棬ϢѾϤŵɲ̫ס
ǽһ£͵һԾҲʮɳʱһһڵߣǿĴʱԵСˡ
֣ʮһλ׼ʥٴ˴֮С˵еʥһ¾ͳȻҶ£ֻԼе㲻ˣ˼άе뽩֮С
ҵ찡λҶ˶
̲סֹͬʱҲΪ׼ҹôǿѶе˷ܡ
һŽһ߸̾һһܸӦϵϢһأҶ㣬⵽ô£
ҲʱñһŻǡƽ硯ԴɡҶ˵
˼ǡŻͨ磿Ī۾һ
ӦþˡҶͷǰɻʲôǿߣܽһںֱ仯ʺϻƽ巢̬ڿȴǻƽʥ֮֮ɵ׳١ñǴŻ˲õʱѾŻҵڣΪ壬ԭҰ֮аҳɳ
ô˵ӵȴˡ˵ͷҲõ֮ˣ
ñСǺ˲ɷر˸Ц
һɻƶ̲סʡ
ᡣҶҡͷ֮УֻΪѣκ˵һˡ
Ʋɸ̾ҶĿֶ˼ء
СѾȫҶ׵׵ʦʱʦǿԼȴҲòС
ֹˡҶһЦ֣ǽʱһԭҰ֮Сһˮ֮ЩСɵƬʱƬ֮䣬ͻ˰ɳСһ˳ҶԭҰҶ֮С
Ҷ㻺̧֣һУһСķתۼ䲼
ҵ죡һôô
𣿡ٺʧ
ʮһ׼ʥߴؿһУѾʧȥ˼
ЩСɽƬɣǶڵ顣Ҷ˵ҵҲʹжҵˡ
˵ţһ̧СʱͬɫһײڴмװõľϡǴִľȫסСһײɲǼ䣬ײ÷顣
СıѴˡͭһ
ͭŹ⣬ͷ̾Ҹоһб򰵼ȴй֮޲Ҫǵսϣһ˾ܶһˣ
ͬʱȷʵ£ҶͥͷԼֵܣǽ֮ɫ
ܵΪԼõģҲֻСѡҶ˵ҵĽˮ֮УȴֹСʮ
У˶һ
ЩС֮ãȴװҡҶһЦһ֣ʮʮöɫƬ
Ҷһ֣֮ȡ˾¯һϺ߲ϣȻֱʮöƬ֮ϵȲһĽɫƬ
̣ȴʱ̾Ϊֹ
ϣһ֣ЩƬöУ඼ĪܵС
ЩƬѾճʥÿöԻһҶ˵Īܣ㽫Ƿַȥǿֵܵʵ
˵꣬öǼĴգ΢΢һЦ˵ȴǹõӰȭƵʥߣҽöۣʥʹá
Լץסǽһ´ʥ˲䣬ǽ۱㻯һּУһּ֮бӿһ⣬һεս
ǿսӦһɹɸ̾
ǶҲæʥҲõһּףֻǻּȴս
ӵһּףֻܻսһʺҧڿСƵģһּ׺һ˫ףּȻԻսϣֱ׵εУȫָԻʮַ㡣
ֵϲ쳣ֵúϲ£졣
˿̲סյĪǰֵܵģŷĪҪۣĪܰȾܣܱ˵۹ͣٸ׽
ҶһЦҲĪôַЩۣޱҶͥʹ˸ɫҪߡ
թĪȴҶ⣬Ÿַ߽ķ½ңȴҪܵ
ҶǺһЦҲ˵Ҫߡ
ʱȴĪһ̲סʱͣĿҲˡ
ôˣޱҶͥһæ
ûʲôֻǡҶչ¶һֵı飬ȻԼҲˡ̧ͷˣ˵ΪҽʮС˵ԭԭҰеĽˮȴ˱仯
ôǲõı仯𣿡ҶͥȽ
ҶĻҲĪܸǼæһѽ˹ҪȻ㻹ǽǱСջȥɡ
ǲõı仯ǡҶ㿴ˣ΢΢һЦǺõٺõı仯
ʲô˶һ
ƼܵʦǰС۾â䣬Ҷ㡣
ڴʦٸõϢ
ͻȻһҶ˵˵ԼţǽСĩ󡯣Ϊ߹塣
ô֪ģָεʡ
Ҳ֪ҶЦһһͻȻԽˮ˳֣ҵԭҰ֮С
ĩ󣿡ƶֹţ۵ĺ֮ɫʲôķ
⡭Ҷ룬˵ɣҽʩչǾ֪ˡ
˵һ̧֣һзڿŤ˼±㻯һɳСһƣСϿգͻȻһըһƬ⣬ǽ⻯һֱﵽʮҵľ޴򣬽Χ˶֮С
һΪҪʲôµķ֣۲˰죬Χ˽֮⣬ı仯ȴһûС
ɻ֮ʣҶȴޱ˵ͷޱʹҡ
ޱһ磬ǡ
죬ʹҶһЦҪĩЧ㲻ǿġ
ŶˡޱһͷһԵķǰɣ
˵һ̧֣һƼۣһƮıɴڿлƮšޱҶ㣬ͻȻ佫һƣһɴҶƮ˹ȥһ½Ҷ
ɡҶһͷ
⡭ޱеԥˣ̲ס˵磬Ȼֻһɴ¹ɴÿһɴһģ־ǽ˻԰
ûϵɡҶЦ˵
ޱԥԥһķ
ɲǼ䣬͵ɴ۾Ȼ


611 
ֻһɴȻҶϣɢֻԵı仯֮ҶȴǺ𣬰ҲûС
⡭סˡ
ô£˿ףһͷˮ
˭ᷨҶʱʡһ¡
ңʱ˳һԾԾԵӡ
ãķҡҶһͷ
֮һڰ֮ӰٺһЦҪСˣⷨԨ֮ǿޱȣֱӿϮγƻҵӦϣɱΡ
ôϻԳͭһѡҪ־㣬¸ʲô
ⲻ˾һۣنˣֱһӣǺڰ֮ӰʱӶҶΧҶڡ
ףʱȴһ
ôˣһ˼æʡ
ûЧȻûһЧȵ˵ҵԨ֮Ѿ뵽ˣôȴӲã
ĩĪ۾һ
˭ֱЩķҶˡ
һǰһϻҲ˵ſھһ棬ȼҶ˹ȥһ½ҶΧǿµ֮ڣŵΧ˼æԶԶܿ
ֻҶȼţҶȴǺҲûа㽹ۡ
ҶŶָָ֣ϵ档׳ŵҪȥȴƶһס
û£ʦẦҡƵе㵨һƿ˺ƶ˹ȥ֮̽УƬ̺ЦˣʲôҲûѽµĻ棬ͦ˼ġ
⡭һ˴۵СۣǾ쳣
ĩҶ˵ʹԼַΧһеķʧȥӦеЧ
ҵ죡һ
һͿԻʮɴСĩİĪܶҶ㣬һȴ˵ȥˡ
ʱǽʧʩҶϵ෨ҲŽһʧˡ
ֻϧܳܵޡҶ˵ܳñ֣޵һˡ
Ҳ޵еˡٺĨһѺ㲻ýȫɴֱһһʹһ㹻һսдͷβˡ
ؼʱԮڣҲ񼼰˸̲ס˵
ҶĿУȫǹ˸ƶҲٴΰ޹ʥʶľǶôӢ
ΩǿߣƳһƬգʥʵı
Ҷĩʱȴһ˹ǰ߰ޱǵֱӴҶ㣺һԳ˵ĴŮҪ㡣
ˣҶһŮ
šӦǸͷģˮŮˡ˵ţһӰ˹
ֻһĸߴǻĳŮƽףűƽվ͸һӢҶһ֮±ʱһٴͭ
ͭǵɣʡ
⡭ⲻǵֽ𣿡ͭԵãʱһײһãɣ
Ҷһͷ֪ôȥ˵ɡ
˼˵˼䣬ҶҪޱǶȥһҶ˵ȥŮޱʱ粽ظȥһȫ䱸ӣ̲ס͵֣ŴֿϷаҲ˹ȥ
ޱǴ֮Уʱӭһָˡ
˵û˵ʲôޱæʡ
û˵˵ֻܼ˾˵ҡͷ
ҶһȺˣֻһ˽һǿϢҲһע⡣ͿҶ㣬ʱҶٶ˵һ䣬Ѿһվе㼤سҶ֣ǸǸ˭
Ǹ˭Ҷһ˱ﲻס֡
С㡣Ҷ㵭һЦǰһ֡Ҷ㡣
ϴߵüҲû֣ˡɫһ죬Ц
ײСû𣿡ҶЦʡ
㻹ҪҪ죬ֻһˡҶ㣬н֮⡣
ôˣҶ΢΢һæʡ
Ǹе㲻˼˵Ȼֻһ֮ԵҪЩ˼ƱˣҲܹ˼ˡܷæҼһ˻ʥʥأ
ʲôһ⻰һ´ɻ
ǵʥʣҶ㿴ҲЩȡ
ģʵҺͽʥЩ˼˵ƽʱϲĴĥԼı죬ϴξǺ֮㡣
ʥҶвһոշ֮ʣɱıʥߵһλǿ߳Ȼͷʥ֮һԳȻжáʥ䲻İȴҲ޺øС
ȴһԽãȻʥ֮е֮Ů
ѹֵʱһ˵ʥ͢ˡ̲ͭס˵
ǰٺһЦһ˾νˣʥ֪͢͵͵Ǳ룬ɾʹˡ
ȻҪʥʣӦͨŶԡҶʡôȴң
ΪʵڲʶĹټˡȦһ죬Ҫ޳һѹޱɶ֮ģҲΪεҪҶ㣬æȥס֣Ҫޣʲô˵ܰæһˡ
ǡġȦ˵ʥʥ֮ǰȴһ˫̥ӣһԻӶ۰ޱȣǰ޷Ҫһ̳ʥ֮λҪǣʥìʹ֮Уʹ״ԽԽȴˡ
Щȴ̲ס˿ơ
ʥʵЩƣֻȴӣȻλ̳߳֡
ʥȥڱʱ˻֮С˵λŲʮ꣬ȫ޷ջȨǵǻҲҪˣڵļ㿪ʼλӣҳһš
ţûһ˲ԣȴԼͣһ˼ȻŽ˵λӶһӢţ֮£Ϊʺͣ²ΪȣԺƽ£Ϣǳ־һԣʥѫҸȴƫڴӵ뷨Ķӵǻ󣬻´ҡ
ҶŲ΢΢ͷ
ϧǣսȴܻø֧֣ЩҰĵˡЦһúƽȻһִ֧ӣЩսǿ󣬶ҲʹУȻٴʥּҸȥһҵʥ壬Ҹǰȥȴƣ
Ҷ㣬Щ˵ʥʱܱʥйͻܱ߸ʥĹϵǲǱȴԸǡҺͽȥҲֻа˻ʥ뱾ûκγͻðǰʥɱҸӵǻ³֮ʥ˻ʥ֮ˣͬˡʥȨѾһУȴ޷Թټ˻ʥʣȥȴֻܵˡ
Ҷ㣬ǿ֮ɫ
Ǵ°Īܲü
ƶȴһһҶ㣺Ҷ֮µмơҾȴǴûᡣܴٳɴ£Ϊ˻ʥһǿѣȴǲ֮ԼҲдô뽫ӵǻλȨĶ𣿡


612 ʥ
ԴµİҶһ
̫ӵҲкôƶһЦصʦԽǿλñԽȵһǿİ˻ʥΪǵѣһƶİ˻ʥΪҪǿɡ
ҿԴӦ㡣Ҷת΢΢ͷ
ģʱһ˷ܡ
տƾҶ˵Ҫóŷ֮֤һʵɡ
ð졣ʱ֮ȡһӡӡʥʥӿȴһǿʥֻǲûκι֮ϵʥʥΪ֮á
ӡݸҶ㣬ҶùϸһֻϿšӡ֣ӿɢϢ
ӡҸӵκʥ߶ƾӡǡ˵
ұ㸸һɡҶһͷӡУʱӦһɷۻ룬ȻʮӵģʥӡʱԽңԶǺ˵һ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷбһλݵĳ۹ʥߣʥɣ֮ɫ°ζĶ룬ޱȣһҶ
±ʥҶʡ
ǡʥߵһͷ˹֣Сδ´Ļ±Ҷɣ
ȻͬˡҶһЦƾλµһ֮Ե£
СŮȻʶ֮ǡ΢΢һЦʵ˵֮ǰѾ֪˽ʥ̫̫Ҷ㣬ֿѾǺˡߣȷʵѾߵ;ĩ·֮Ҳֻд˷ǳ֮ˡҶ̫ʵڰ˻ʥоְߣ֮ͨ·С󽫾Ԯ֣СŮȥ˻ʥʡ
֪¼գˣֻ¶ԸðաҶ˵Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ȣд̡
һȻѾ뵽ЦҶ̫ðõֵáܴٳ֮£ǧȻҪ˾Ҷ̫õСӵ꣬±ɵõ޴֮ʱֻ¹ʥҲҶ̫֮Ҷ̫̫Ӽλʥ֧֣Ҳܻλȹ̣κ⡣
һҶһЦ
Ҷ̫ʹôӡҲӴ֮С˵ңԶСӡʥ֮ȴ޷Ҳӽ
˵Ҷһͷһͨĺ֮ʱֳһλʮ
ǻһӢ˫ĿʣɫЩ԰ףʧҶһ֣Ҷ̫±嫻ΰ
ҵҶ㹰ֻ񡣡ŵµ֮ƺһζֻƽͣȴ˼ȡ
ΪȡΰЦЦѵͶ֮սʿԡѪɳýչǽȡǳ֮ܲ⣬Һ棿棿
㲻Լȴ̫ųҶʡ
ǿұ߾ԵǿϧѪƴɱΰɫ񣬲Ͻұ߹صأɱսʿ°ұռأأѪѪ佮֪Ҫƽ£ȴ˽ȴԸ˵ų
Ҷ㿴ΰֻ峺ޱȣɻͷ
ֻܺʥʥǷԸʱֻӦԮ֮£ҵ޷֤Ҷ˵
ȻҶ̫֤æ˵ʱʥʻֱǾ˽ܷ˵ʥʣ㿴ǵıˡΣҶ̫֮ǶԶġ
ǱáʵҲ֪ʵûб̫ϣǵϣһ˰ɣҶ΢Цʡ
Ҷ̫֪Ŀһ
λ֮УȻ˳ó죬ǡӦ䣬ƺҶһЦֻɶңɼǽɵ˸ΪҪʥȡ
Ҷ̫ôЦһҶ̫ҪᣬɲȥǱߣΪǱûġȴΪġʥ̫ܹ֮ܵãǵ̫ܹܵáܷ˼֮ңҵûաʱҶ̫Ȼ֪һˡ
⻰ȴ˵õˮ¶Ҷ㣬֪ɸ˵ģֻҪɸܴϢͳɣŲһԵɸĹȥ˵һһû׼ǰҾǲ˵Ҳ׷ˡ
ҶҲЦˣ΢΢ͷүȻ
ʲôҡͷԳЦЦͲǰһļƣֻ֮أֻǰһʥ֮ıƣƶӼλˡ
Ҳ˵ԼԻλû֮ġΰ˵ھ֮λҲȥǲҲν֮ҶΪս಻ǰµģһ㣬˵ʥ֮ûѣΪȥսķ̫ࡣ˵ʥ˼ʥʣźòΧ˹ϵȴ˾յ϶ɲһʱͿʥսҵĲ·
ֻƾһ㣬ұ֧㡣Ҷ㻺ͷ
лҶ̫ΰһ¶ϲɫ
ȱŵлһҪʹҵʦ֪ܷæҶ˵
Ҷ̫ΰһͬͷ
˳ĺҶ㽫һӡŻһеʣô
ȥʥ򡣡Ҷһͷ
̫ˣֱӻҶ㲻һЦȱ̫磬ҪʹʦǷӦʥʰɡ
ŶЦ£һŵס
¸ɺõľдɲáĪʱ̲סҶ㡣ɲõĻĵûʲôʥͻˣȴŭʥǽ˴ȨսҰģֻҪԱ
סҶӦչҪ鷳ʦʹ˼ɡ
ҶͥһţغغҶޱˡ
ѩӰҶޱ粽ģʱȻֻ˰ƴһţޱ˯ޱߣȻҲ͸ޱԣ˵Ҫȥ˻ʥʥȻҲ˾ҲȥҶͷͬˡһȥƶȻҲҪȥټǼĴգһ뿪磬ʥظһֵʹÿռŻصʥ֮ڡ
ֱµĹУһͨ±ʱҶʦͽ棬·ˣҶޱæŽ˶ҶҾλ߲ϲ㡣
ע⵽İףӦǿϢ΢΢һȴֻΪҶִʲô֪ĵطŪһλǿûô⡣
ǼĴĸǧǰϹŶҶٳʲôǿߣ¶ᾪˡ
ڶƺͺƶ֮ǰʱҲѼǹʥ̫ӣòʺ˶Ƽ䣬תҶ㡣
ôпջʦˣЦҶ㡣
˵ССջʦ㱨Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ŶЦʣҲ²°ɣǲǵõ˻ƽƽ硯ˣǵǸջĵ˲׶㡣
ҲҶЦЦ
š룬һͷҲӦǰӦѾ˲Ŷԡ˵һֱڱչأȴоʲô¶ʥ
ҶɴҲن£ֱӽڵĽ˳ɲǼ䣬һϢӿõĿɿڴ
һվʮɳĽ㡭Ūģ
СҶһЦ䣬ʱָ
ô£˵˵¼æ׷ʡ
ȴǻñҰæ֮࣬һ񡣡ҶñԼһͬں֮½һ飬ˮغĩ֮£ҲǺض˵ˡ
Ѿͬڳʱ֮ǿʥ͢ȼ硪м壬ʮĴǿߣ˭Ҷ֮
ȴԽԽã֪ԽࡢԽԽǰȫԽ˸ҶԽ˸ʥҲҪӡ
ˣܸ׵صõԼҪһС


613 õ
֪Ҷһľ޴ջºð˵
ʦŵˣҶ뿪Цʡ
ʵŵòᣡ¶Ҷ㣬̾Ϣšǰһڰ˻ʥ֮УֻһʥսĽ
ҡͷ˳˼
ʦȴǱϲѶҶ˵һָ㼱æվЩִٲ£һ񣺡μ˻ʥ
⺢ǣ¿˿Ҷ㡣
λʥĶС㡣Ҷ˵
ʥĿʵһͷҲ벻Ҷ¾Ȼôһλ
δĹʥʥʣȴҡͷЦԼʲô漣ܷȴشС֡
ǵġæͷ
ʲôʱʥȥˣô˼ҿƭģתҶ㣬һЦ⣬Ҷȴæ֣ʦ
ԣޱҲæŰ֣Ц
˵˵ɣôЦʡ
ʥһЩ¡ҶɫĻϸѧһ飬ٽԼ嫻ӵĶԻ֮£Ȼʾȡӡţ¡
ôӡţ˽ֱǡ
½ӹӡţɫҲüΪءͷˣôλǶûλȷʵҪΪʥܴٳɴӵǻ֮£ȴֶһѣǺ¡
Ӧ۾˷ܵòˡ
ʹ̸˵ɡ΢΢һЦʥ뵽ӡ֮˽Ƭ̼䣬ջʥӡŻվ
иŻˡ˵ҲгΪǱʡãæҰˡ
̫ˣ˷ܵ
㣬ҹ֮Ϣȥʥʡ˵£ʥҲӦͬģҵϢɡ
ǡҶվؽһ·ͳȥ
¿ɺˡ˵˵Ǿ͵ŸĺϢɣ
Ҳ̫硣Ҷ˵ʥǷͬ⻹δ֪֮
ͬˣʥҲͬɡ˵
ѾϡҶһЦǻʵصϢɡ
˵ţһӰʥȴѲ߹ͷһҶ㣬Ŀ͵һɢһɢ⣬·ǿ˴һ㡣
ܵ˼ƵĿ⣬˶ü˹
һͷΪӢһףٷ磬ȴʥá
Ҷõĸһϵˮ𣬶ҲûʲôøСԷϾ֣ʥĴɮ濴棬ҲƽϷͻ˵Ȼǻȥɡ
˵ţתظС
վסû뵽һȴãźǰȵҶ㣬Ϊһؽδþּʥ˽ְأδôٻ˽ʥҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱ鲻ԣʱӭһ񣺡ˣҶӦٻǰʦģ
ĿһʲôҲҴǻĪһܸӣûʵȨĹƨûõСū˵𣿡
ҶĿһתöԼ񣬵޷öµĲɫסãڣ˵ʲô
ȴĻֻʣҶ㣬㻹ûشҵ⡪˭Ȩְأְ𲻹ˣ
ʲô۾һɣô׶ʥǾǰҲôЦ˵СһУҴǲǣ
󵨣һȴȴǷһλʥ֮ڡʥߺüĿȵȻҶʥ
˵ţˢһ°γ彣Ȼȴһʥ֮ļԼ˵ʥõĸ
һνǰʥʱҲγȻʥҲȫϵȵķŵÿ꣬Ϊǿ
ƨǶȺһ˵ǴһΪ⹷ƨʥ𣿡
ʲôȰС˵Ƶ۾Цһʹȭͷ
Ҷ㣬ôӣȻݲʥ£ÿҶ㣬͸ɱ⣬ȴɭЦݡôһұ˳ؽ£
ƨ𣿡Ҷ㿴ãЦݺƣҲߣ˶ˡ
㡭˵ʲôһ漴ɲȻŭ
ұΪֵܵĹϵҲһ㾴֮ģڿ棬áƮļһֵᲢۡȻѪҺҲźһѪƺΪѪһȾอˡҶ㵭ЦţƵı˵񶾵Ļ
㣡õɫȫˣͬҪĻɽ
˵ʲô˼ȴԴӣһ̵Ľնƻˡ
˼ͦǶġӹܴؽ͡
Ŷǵȷʵص˵ͷʾͬ
ʲôʥ֮дԲѣŭʥָǼֵܡ
˵ءȴЦ
ҿǶš
ǣҪҹȥȰȫ˰ɡֳ˵ʡ˵˵ȥܡˣ˵һôôأǲǸճʲôɾĶ
˵ǲɾĶ˵ʳʱһ䡣
ʲôأƺʡ
ʺӺػش
ֵһûһسȴ̲סʱЦһЦҶһȺ˾ͶЦ
㣡ǸúۣеʥţʱҪ֡
ʥʿ¶ЦݣҶδʥְأ䲿³Բѷʥ»ѾǴʱһ£ã˵ҷɱۣ
ɱۣһٻѵأͬʱڿһݣѶһæ㵽˺ƶ
ֵɫôʥʱءҶ΢΢һЦһɫһ죬һվǰ棬һҪƶӡ
ɱۣǶֿɭһЦתҶ㣺ˣô˵
ּ˭۸ҶҾͷϣҪԼмҶһЦҿһʾҵĺԷǰƽһôһԶˡ
˵ĻǶȿҶص˵ͷȻһ䣺ɶ˼
򵰣ǶȽһ䡣
ˣǶһЦãĹɱһӿɡ
˵ţǰһ˫ȭ֮ʥơ
ǹȻʥʿưˣͻȻ֮ʥɢƬ̼䣬֧˸˹жʮϵʥߣһγʥվõ
ҶͶʮʥȻѩӰһֱޱ˿ȴֻʮһλǵƲսͺƶΪҲʺֳϳ֣ʵܴҲǾλ
һߣȴжʮλʥǿߣİսʿ
˫֮ȣһ۾ͿԿλµˣɼһӵĺһֻлȥȡ


614 ѵѵ
עһ·ִ硣Ҷ˵Ȼɶ񣬵ϾҲʥĻѵһ¾ͺˡ
ס˶ͷϹ΢ЦĦȭơ
Ҷ㣬ôĵӰЦšȻҺǶ֣ձڣ
ϻֵ࣡ʹ˸ɫʱȥĸλʥʿǰΧʡһߡ
ޱЦŶԺƶ˵ҪȽȥɣ䶷ĳǲ벻ʡ
ʱ˼˵ͷȥƶкŶƣȴҡҡͷһҪѿֽе׵˼
ǿ˰ɣǾȻ翹ôֱӻɱôһĲҲ˾а˸תĸȥʥһİʿгһֳ飬ǴǼĴɱ˹ȥ
ÿʿʮˣλʥߴţڡǼֵܿǣȴʦڿһȺƦåһ㣬һŻЦŰӣֱȵǳ嵽˽ǰͻȻ֡
߸ʮλʥߣʿһ¾Ҷһ˳˹ȥк˸һлᱨѪ޵ӣ̧֮ϱâȻǴ㶯ˡ
ʱǼĴյչ˳
ֵҲûҶոǵĽּףֻƾһ˫ȭͷʹϵʱâݺ䣬ʥʿĲҽֻһ棬˸ʥб˱ˣٱĽִֺȭͷһ´ɳȥҵһƬʿ
Щʿ͸ĴշˣâȭҲãֱӹЦųȺ֮лȭţҽ֮Ƭ̼ͱǴ˼ʮ
ǼĴն֣ʱһĺļ򣬺ٺһЦϣ
˲ϣһ³ӭõˣ˶˳ȥҶ㣬ʮʥ߸סˡ
ʮ˴ʥʿֻԼɨ£ｫ˷Դʥ彣ֱӻȭͷӭˡ
¿˴ˡ
˭ǿѾѼٵ壡ȻûΣ״̬֮ʱҲǿþˣǼĴҲ˱ᡣ˵ģһųȥֻ߾Ͷֱſϡ
ʲôǿʥֺһγɵĶ飬κһжվ۷ЦǺʲôʥܵס
˵μҶĻֻǽѵˣû֣ǼĴˣһʱʱֻǽЩʥߺʿסǲýǰѡ
òô࣬ԼҶ㣬𣺡Ҷ㣬ǿ˫ҵҪʶʶ
ҵˣһѵǲ֪ġҶ㵭һЦὫޱ󣬵˵սɣܵ½Ǳá
ˡޱһЦŶ󷽡
ޱĻɫһϵʥȴӿһƴһâֱҶ㵱ӡȥƿ磬ȴǱļ似׵ơ֮αȶһΰܼΪɱ֮
ΣֻôһƣԷֱӱɳȥһâ»ƤǱذܱΪһʵ̫ˣ
һȴ⣬һƾȻûܻжԷҶ׵֮ȴǴޱȣ趯ֱһϣ΢΢һһƷ㱻׻⡣
֮صռӲطָ˼ʮݣÿݶԱȴСÿ
Ҳȷʵй֮һ֮һֻʱٵӡ˹ϵâȴΪǿʢ·𷽲һֻУһвɱ֣һʱ䣬׵֮âҫ۶ʥޱȵʥ֮УȻҲĵ
ɼõĹҲȷʵǿ
Ҷ㿴һƣ΢΢ͷͬʱɫҲһֱҪһƻɱɱġ
ҪɱңҲˡ
һͷҶ͵شһһȭֱӴ˹ȥõġȻһ֮Уâ俪ñúһҡκ
ҶƲˣ͵ؼǰһȭõŴȥһؼסǽʵһݣűһըѿһѪ˿
㵵ǱؼףҶ㾹ȻһȭԼʥ׻ơ
ҶȴҲɰԵͷʥ֮ʵһȭѾɱģȴ׻˲٣ֻѪѣˡ
õɫԽѿͻȻһץȴץԼ硣ɲǼ䣬һâҫʥ˳Сȴõǿʥâ
һâһǰߣһ³Ҷ㣬ȫͬʱӿһââĹںһ˷·𻯳һˡ
ҶҲ΢΢ͷһȻɶ񣬵ǼĴκһƴֻӮҲá
һ׹ȴûâ͵ҶնȥһʱݺᣬϢɢƤۡ
׵磿ҶЦˡұȱģһƴ֮׵֮
Цһ֣ʱ򿪣һ׹зϡǴ֮նâȴֻ΢΢ҡͷּſһץȻֱӾͽâץС
õ۾˲ɵϴ󣬼ǰһСԼȫһնâȫȻҶ㵥־ôץסˣ
ֻоԼĵǿ˴ɽ֮У˱֮һ㣬Լηƶ˷ֺȲǰҲȫ̶ҶС
ʦǰףں濴ţЦСԼ
˼βâ鼱֮һݣȻʥϣֱҶ֮СȥһݶȴǷƦåʱõκǿʥ߶мʹãһʥȻʹü
ҶЦһ̧ӭ˹ȥһ½õĽŽڰաһȥõֹǣֻоԼ·һһ㣬ȷ·Ƕϵۣƺһ
ʱҶĽȴʮõظ֮䣬Ӿ𶯣۵һ³һѪҶһŵųֱӽߵ÷˳ȥһѪȴûνҶϡ
һÿ˵òᣬҶ㲻סشϢšʱǿâѾҶУ·һβҶҲâȴúâһĻҪǿһЦããһǻһᣬ˸ҹ
ʲôˣôĿʱаٶԶٶ˽ʥʿʮȴʥһϢǿӵ˵֮߶
˵һߵİۣȴʥô֮һõĸһ
ףһһʱɫһ죬˹ȥ׵˵ˣ
Ҷ㣬ԭ㣡һסҶ㣬ͻȻһôĵӣΪԼפأȴ˽Իعʥ򣬶һʥ֮ˣ˴õ
ϡʱޱȴǰһֱЦʵĶӼʥϣʰָõ
Һʱ÷ŭغţֻ˵֣סˡޱȴͻȻҶδޣʵȴҲʥеһλϣ


615 Ҫɱɱ
ޱʥ֮ʱһжְŵģʥֱ֮ӱ´ԼУһֱ֮ϡ֮Ҷȴδʥж˶ֱʥлôһλϡ
ټޱʱûʥķΣ˼ʱһԴƯĳȹһʿһʱҲûǰʵȴһλ
һ£õʿɾͱˡ
öô£һһ֮£üãȴȥһôôСģ
ֺһʱޱҲǴϡüæӦͬʱͷףҼҶΪȴְأǰ֮£Ҷȴ߳ŭǶ֡Ϯϡ
˵ޱһЦ㲻͵δְ֮ȻҪҶ֣δŲ˵ǲǣ
ҶҾˣһ˶ֿˣ׷׵ͷ˵ûˣ
һԽΧ۵ĸǣһԽһתæһͷ
ƸһݵģСǼɫ⣬϶ֶûóѣԲ߳ŭġ
㣡ˣָƽе㵨ʥ
һ쵽ѡֹߣ治֪ʥʥִ͢˾Цһ
ԣʱõĸҶְأҪ׽ã˭ˣ
һʥŽ
Ҷ㣬ζҲۡһĿⶢҶ㣬һЦΪʥ͢Լصأȴ˽ܻʥ򣬽ʥǲᰡ
Ǹ档ޱһЦ˵·;ңԶΪʥϣҪҵδ˱ǰְɣ
֡һЦϧδȴʥ͢Ǽ縺һΣĽ죬˿⣬ȴ⣡
ʲô˼ޱĿһ
Ҷ㣬ȻʥɷʥʿҪ£ôʿһһ˵ѡ񡪡һʵܸǼ翹ǽ͵
͵Ҷ㿴һ𣬲Цˡ϶Ϊʲôˣ
㣡һû뵽Ҷƽʱһ˹ģȴȻֱӿˣһʱ˵
ұǷʥ͢ɷȻоңʲôʱʥĴֻȴȨʥ͢ˣҶĿһһãԽְȨͼ죡
һñӿһȴһ亹
ְعȻʥֻ˲֮أȻλ߾ǴǸϣʥ͢жûκ֮ȨʺȨٸߣΪĸҲֻͳλʹ֮´ó͢һ㡣
ǻʺ󵨸ԽȨô󳼣ôͿԶҳ֮ͬСɡʥ֮еĸ߹ҲˣǴҲֻȨԼʥԱʥ͢ûа֮Ȩ
ˣοһϺʹ
һȴһתʱ⣬ָҶ˵Ҷ㣬㲻ҪǲҪ㣬ҪޱΪʥϣΪʥ͢룬ȴһ֮˽ʥְ͢أȴʥڲˣǷʥأҪ
òһĶӣʱҲӦ˹ֺ˵ޱΪȴ˴ֻ´ҲҪְλҶ㣬ҪѺޱΪ
Ҷ㣬˵ϻ˷Լ࣬ɷ˵ɡüëҶ㡣
ʲôˣ˴󵨣һŭһʥҺǴģʥ֮зʥߣʥаɲ飬ȴû㣬Ҷ㣬ô£
ܵ𣿡һۡ
ҹܲ˭ܵţһЦţ˿㡣λʥҲúܰ
˵ţҶ㣬ЦҶ㣬㾹Ȼʥ͢Խ˻ʥԼߣ׳ԼʵǴ˲֮ģһٻԸԴ򹴽ᣬ˶Ϊȴ˽֪Ѿ˳֮ģҳӣ˵֮
ڣʮλʥһͬӦ
ҽҶ£һɭЦšʥԱȻûȨʥ͢죬ҳӣȴҲŽѹ岻ݴ֮²ͦʥ˵ķǣ
ǣеʥʿ˾ǰǼĴմ˵֮⣬γҶΧ˹
£ǽ˰ɣҶ㣬͸¶һĨɱ⡣
һԼֲˡҶһ𣬵˵
ȻҳвʥϣѰ·ôһâ𡣵һҶеâȴɫһ죬޺ҧҧ
㡣Ҷ㿴ָһâ㻯һֱãһ亹æܡ䵽ǰȴͻȻһ֮ȥץδץȴһˤϡ
Ǳ޺޵ҶһۣȴҲòʰ
ϣϣһһ͵һۣʱҲǵ⻷ƣ·Ǳһһ㡣͸֮⣬סҶ㣬˵Ҷ㣬㷨һȷ˲ǿߣһҲǸϧֻ⼸໤ȴעҪڴˣ
ǰҶЦˣһ֣λˡǼȻҪҲ
ȵľ仰ɴЦһ½ּ׻˳ϡʱһһɢһ޴ս˫ֺС
ʲôʥʥ߶
ǵϣɢŴϢ޴ܣֻʥӦʹ֪ԶʤһʥȣʥʥеЩʥֱջˡ
Ҳûʲô֡Ҫ֪ǿ֮Ҷ㽫֮ɵʥһʥռеһѾ˲ãοһ
ǶȡӡֵҲʱ˽ּףƸǶһףֱ׺úҲ˽ս
ʥʿֵܣеĽʺݡ
㲻˵жһ֮䣬ʱĻ֮֯ɵĵɢ˾ľ޴
һʲôˣһһҪ֪ɢѾԶԶԽʥߵޣȴǿʥ൱ôܲ˾ȣ
ޱҲͷųʥɡĵϸ˵֪ҶֻôһֻʥޣֻҲȲԼߡһǼĴյʥкʵټһֻʥޣôսֿɾе΢ˡ
ҲʱͻȻһХ͵һڿն˲˸ָ֮Ρ
ʮɳߣϷ볤Х·ʥʿ񶯵еķҲղסˡ

еʥʿһգŴ˵
ʱһ׹ȴѩӰӦɱһޱĻ˳˲ָ˾޴֮Σڴǰ
һǿʥӿţʥʿǰΧʿǵɫüΪѿҲ̲ס
˶߶ţҵ죡Ҷôôֲļһ


616 
һɫ䣬ͻȻһᣬһҪ鳼֮ŵɱ
Уȴһȣ͵ִ̧һ׹ķǷ󵱿ջһƬƣ˹ȥ
ССҲңЦſڱ³һ档ȼţŷ·վһеƣֱһƬƣƬ̼䣬Ʊȫ˸ɾ
ɱȻо壬Ҳ֪ʱҶ֮ʱܳô˻֣ûиõĻᣬ˲һеشһʥߣҶɱ˹ȥ
׶ӣгõǸҲɶһ˱ǡҶ㽫һɢ˳ȥҶҾʱף֮ʱ±˷ִ硣
٣ȴǿǧҲһüοЩʥʿ
ЩʿУʥ࣬þʥ֮УȴȱٶսǿҲʹ֮ɱ֮ҶҾЩþսȴͬնټЩһﱾԶʥʿһսȴûʲô
ǼĴȫ֣֮䣬Էʮʥ˵أϰսʿúɶѩӰ뺣Ⱥݺᣬֻǿĳײʥսʿɾ
Ѿսʿսһյʥ۴УǱӡ
⻹ĻдбӵĻᣬͱճһˮˡ
ò֪Ӧ˵ͻȱۣ֪ԼҶ֮УȴƴɱȥҶ㲻΢΢üЦһԼҪұһˣ
һҶѾӭȥ֮һͻ˹ȥ
õ֪ôһҶ㶯ֱʱһԼ߼ʥ߶˹һϣȴ֮ҶһȴҪЩҶȥԼǵ󣬾âʱ׼͵Ϯ
Ҷ㲻ɫһ
˲ǿɶ񣬶ձɡҶԽ˽𼵺ԼΪȴܲս֮ʱԲԵƵֶΡ
ˣôʥ֮УҪְ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ͵һԾ׹֮ʥƶԾˣ䵽˲ں󷽵ǰҶòɴ˸£һӵһ̣ͬʱ𣺡ңΧס
Ǽʥ߲ʱҶΧ˹
Ҷһâһ̣׷öȥȴ˲ƹ˰ΧȦõǰ
ˣŶǶࡣҶ̾һͻȻ֡
һâֱӻâϣǾ޴ӷ飬ĺˣסâû֡һҧȫӭҶһԾһһ׹⣬Ȼֱ¡
Ҷһǰȭ֮Ϲⰵִ̧ۣһкȭֱâײһ֮Уϵһâϵ׹ɢţȭϵĺ㱬ըֱӽú÷˳ȥ
ڵˤù˼ҧһԭվҶѾһײؿڡһ֮ϣȴǲһҵعõڣѪ
Ҷһǰնסõʺڰա
һߣҶҾȫ֮£ʥʿѾɾһƵӴܣżų׹ⷨȴױչ⣬ʱѾյͷüëҲһ룬Ǳ
Щʥߣ类㡢ѩӰǼĴմſ˵ϣֻ֮֮
ãŴƣһãȴ䱾Ҷ㿴ã顣ԼΪԼѡ·
Ҷ㣡͸һĨ֮ɫɱң㣬ҲѾ޳µɡһеǼʶİɣɱң֮ʱԶųɣʱҲһ
𣿡ҶЦһȴ͵սֻԼѾ޷ҲһͷĴ죬ɵɴ۾Ҷ㣬ɱңʥʥ
ΣҶɭȻٲ˵һϻ͵һֻꡱһ죬õĲֱӱʥϣ
õɴ˵۾ʾһĨ֮ɫϲҶ㾹Ȼĸ֣
һԶԶһĻʹ飬һУһе߳
ҲʱһȴͻȻõӿһһҫ۹âͻȻֱҶ
Ҫᡭһڵãѵ˵⼸֡ƴȫʥάԼɴ۾סҶ㣬ҲҪҶ㱻ɱʱģ
ҪʧˡҶ΢΢ҡͷһ֮䣬һɽڷһըһʮҵľ޴򣬽Ҷһ֮£ֱҶϣȴ·ֻһҶһ㣬һ
ɲǼ䣬֮ʧһɵ֮⣬ҲþɢڿС
͸ޱ߾벻֮ɫȴѾ˵һ֡ʥѾþ֮ҲѾһգһ˿ʣ۾⡣
Ҷһ֣ʬֱˤڵϣһƬɢ
Ѿ˻ƽҶ㣬ҲۼɡʱϽʱľ飬ʹʵһֿµٻԼٻĳһŵĿγ˿ɵһ
ȻǷ£
ʱ̧ͷܡһƬž˶ֹͣսеʥʿֵ
ʥʿ˵ɵĿ£ʥʿҲסǴʱȴۿһܻһе֮Ҷϣȴûܵ˺
ô£
ʥʿ˼ά֮С
ֻһ˿һıţһеҶ˹׹⣬ҲһâغţҶ㣬Ҫ㳥Ҫ㳥
СӣһʱҪ֣Ҷȴһ֡
Լ˵һ֮䣬һȣۻ
ʱԭҰˮ֮еۣٵʮɳĽһ»ڷ˳ʥϿջʮɳĽɫ췢һ֮͵ŵϵһȥ
ס֣
ʱһȴţһӰԶһӹڽһߵİۣƤ⻬𪣬дһĨ֮ɫȴǿᣬʵȴѾһǧ˰ٶʥ
һʱ̧һǿޱȵʥۿҪֹҶ㡣
Ҷ˿Ϊ֪һһɱɥ֮޵һ𣬾ͱضڽӿµıС˵İ㣬ȴܺԼߵֵܺ
Сˣ
ּ䣬ħȻ֣һ֮ʣԳڤʥʥħūһ·Ծڿǰٶ֮䣬ʮɳĽͬʱԽˮзһ½Χ
һʱ䣬ħ죬
סˣħūޣʮһʱ˫ָһҪݻĳֿ·ʥ֮ȴҶϷֺ
ԳΣڤʥʥɢǿȴеٰĿ־塣ħūκһԿһ֣Ǳɡ
Ҷ㾹Ȼӵµ޳裬ʵȣ֮⣬Ҷ㾹Ȼ֪ôӵоʮ
ǿɢϢ尡
ͻȻһеĸо


617 ɱ
ǿָоڳʥʿһεĸо
ѾھԶ˵е壬ôͻȻôֵǮˣ
Ҷ㾿ʲôˣôӵô裿
ɢħʥޣһһǿ£ôȻҶ޳
˾֮ʣѾһһųһâ󣬱׵ؼצ˺˸飬Ǿ޴צһ½ٵһͷϣһ±޺ƻһ㽫Դץ˸顣
һʬҡ˼£ֱˤڵϡʧȥͷ­ĲûѪΪһצǿҵĽ֮ȴѾ˿˲ս
ʥǰһƬžֻжӷ
ȴΪ£˷ܡۿʦɨһУСһ޾֮飬ֻԼҲʦһ㣬أһǿ
㣬Щ˰ɡۼһδӹһ̾˿΢΢ҡͷ֮ʣһʥ
ҶһӺħѣħūһջصУʮӿڣٻΪ۳˽ˮصײһջڡ
ȴǵȦػָΣҡڵߵҶ߸վ
ֹǼĴպѩӰ㣬ǻҶ󣬰Ȼ
һһվֱͺʥɽһ㣬ɫս
Ҷ㣬ȴǰٸнǰһҵľ棬ǲ֪δòźá
˭ңһоô£ܣˡ
˵ɡޱǰſʩһȻ˵ҷٻǰҵδҶڽص°ź£Ҳ˳Ҳʦãȴǲɷ˵ҪɱΪ汨𡣴һ֮󣬲ûлҶָΪ˽ԽְȨҶʦǲ֮£ֻֻܳɺһ̫һɱҶ㣬Ųòȫ˻ɱ
Ӵͷ֮£Ҷһһ𱯷ߵعΪͺ˶ί۸˰Ƶġ
һʥʿһ۵Сۣл˵ڡ
ҶϺںɱԼһССʿҪǰָĲǣ˲û
һɲɵ
һһ˭Ϊ˵ǸҲǳĬ
ҡҡͷһ֣ʥȥҶһͷʾƵڴ˵أУȻޱһͬ濥ȥˡ
ߵĶȴҲϺʥԱһ˴ʱ˹һҵսľЩһüŭҶ㣬˭Ҳվָ
ŵսȻû׼ȴӦ߿µϢȻ棬ȴûһ˸ҹۿֱӦϢһһظ˹
ҶסһĻȴûпۼûֹҶɱˣȴҲµҶ㶨пµֶΡҷԶ֣ɵɵһҶȴǺһǼȾҾ塣
ʱ뿪һڴʱҲ˹ȥʱһ˽֮Уһһ֣ʥر˵ţߺߵ߹ȥϣҶ˵㣬ʲô˼
ԱѡҶ㵭ȻӦһֱΪ֮°ңռδˣʿһΧҡʵ֮²ɱ֡
̫ˣһλߺߵؽһûӣҶһĿ˹ȥǴϱ㾪һ£ֻڿŶ˰죬ŸΪۺӡ
ֻǱΡҶ㻷λϣ˵λصһ롪δԱӣʥ֮ĳأȴͻȻг˴ʮʥߡʿΧסɱǻΣ
һڴϺĬر˳Ĭ
Ҷ㣬ȴѾǵʥ֮ʱҶˡ˭˵ҶĲǣڳһ߸ϵǿˡ
ޱЦˣ̲ס˵λ֪δʥжɱˣǲԵģȷʵưûӵʱȴҲҪһɱأ˵ҷһǣҲоãôȨأҾʲôԣҲдãкȨң
ˣ˵ҺôҲǴ֮һüȴ潲ɷҲԴԵܴǡһ𵹺ãǷǺڰףѹɱڣ˸ȫʬǿ̾
˵꣬תһЦ˵Ŀе
ûеҲʵ˵ü˵ǱһҲı䲻ʥжɱ˵ʵҶ㣬˵һʲôҲȴкȨɱ
ԱҶ˵
ãԱ˵ѾϵȫסһΪλҪɱ֣
ޣһʱղ֡ҶһЦÿ޲䡣
˵ҡͷ˵ʲôǱ졣
Ҳ֪Ҷ㲻ȴǰȨ䲻ߣȴֻʥȣҲǲ֮䣬ʥ͢ҲѾûʲô취ˡ
عϽʮ۱һڳǿߣʥ̫̫ͷΣЩʹҶΪ˻ʥܺǿߣοҶ㻹зչֳЩֲ
ûֻáֲڵˡ
λôһڴϣЩſһԥ
ΣҶʥ֮ɱˡһλ˼Ƭ̺˵ǲֻ֮ʥɨءһ˵һҶͶȥһƵЦݣ˼·˵ֻڳʵҪΪС
ҶЦݣȻޱһۡ
ޱҲǱѩˣʱҶ˼ǰһſʩһ񣺡ʥ¡²֮ܲ½飬ʵڣ֪ȣںǲŲòԱվɱˣҲҪʥϡҶʥ͢ˣʥ͢ȴʥϣӦɴ֮ȥְλΪͨ˲ǡ
һڴޱ⻰˿
ʵʥȻҶ㡣ʥԱڶ࣬ʥ֮еľӢʥģʥҪ䣬ʱԾмһˡޱʥˣҶʦ£ʥȴ޷ԸһЩ
һȴڶڶͷ۵ľ޷ʥֻƾڲСŵʧȥӴüλϴԼĲҶԣǼҲҡ
ԣҲ»СС»ˡ˵ʵڵģ֮гλҶ㶯ֵĺ⣬ûϲһΪʹ࣬˷ǴʱҲҰжײʵ˿ۡ
һﱻҶɵٴϻаϲء
áޱɫ΢Щ΢΢ͷϺʶ塣
л佱ޱһЦޱѾǴˡ
áһͷһһλ˵ʱϢȥɡ˵Ĵᣬ㵱Ѿ˾ͺá
ǡǴһͷЩǵʣҵ𡭡
ԼȥҶ˰ɡҶ˵ҿɲΪСӲƨɣ
ĻȻȴеε˼ȴҶҲֻܳһЦ
ʵҶҲ֪ԼǲģԼθ˼ҳ˸⣬΢Ц֣ģҶԻθʥ鷳պ󶨻ʥл
ôһ˵λϵ۾ȴ


618 ˻ʥ
Ҷʲô
׿ӵеһв˵˵Լ֮ţǾʥñ֮˿ɱȵ񼼡
һˣҶʥ֮ʱõҶһ⽣ȴλԼǰʤĶ֣һʱ䣬ܵõҶƵʥλǿп¡
ʱҶ̬һڴϵȻˣŽҶԴʥرʱʵߣǴ£
ȴҶ㣬һҡͷ̾վߵҶޱǰεҡͷ㰡ҿϢˣȴᡣ㵱֪屳Ǵ࣬һֱ鷳ɱˣǲӲġҪӦ֮ơ
лѡҶһͷ
ʱ׳һ˶ݵĻʥңҵԸسһԺڳʱ֮ŵʥ֮޳ɣһЩ㹻ĲϣƳ鵤¡
Ҷ㣬۾Ҳʼâ
һֹŴʥҶ˵ǵΪʥһβʥȫʥ
ʲôλһ𾪺
ʲôЦôĵҩһλͷҡ
ʥλԼֱ档Ҷһ˵һȡʮöʥָһʥÿλǰһöһöҶ˫ַϡ
öʥʥһ۲죬㲻ɶݣⵤҩǿ
ʱдϾⵤҩҩôǿԿһ²һλʥߵȫ
ûֱ񵤣񵤰
ܴҰ˻ʥоָտɴ
һڴ֮ڶԽԽңòִǣʡһǴСе½֪
㣬㵱ҪԺʡ
뻹ǽʥԺɡҶ˵»ǲҪЩ֪ΪǵʥԺγ˹ģӸ֮ٽ˵֮ڣƻ⣬ܾñ򲻳ʦǼֵ£ҲͬʱЩ֮ţƵ˻ʥ򲻳ʥʦħ䡣
ãصͷĿڳдϣ˵λֻ֪֪ҵ֪кο
Ժĺ£һλϼæͷһʥӵһʦʥҶָ£ҲƳҩ˵ģģܴװսʿʵʥ˹ѫλ̡
ҵʱиļͽǡһλ˵ʵڻʱǻŽе͵ʥУʥĵӽٴӡ˵ʥ͢棬ʱҲͽأ
ȨҵʱڣһԱ֮Ǻõġһλ˵
⻰ʱкüλһͷ
ε£һ㡣̬һʱ䣬Ҷļصͷλϣô˵
һһй˽һλߵ˵¶ˣϮҶȣҶΪԱŲòɱˡ
ԡһλȴҡͷ˵һɫ⣬ҪϲϽѵ߳ŭ֡һ̣Ŵ
Ҳǻ̡һλ˵һ𱾾ǴġҶֻ˼˻ʥΪлɳˣö¶ͼ죬Ҷ֮£ɱˡ
Ҷȷʵְذһλϲ޵ǵ˵
Ҫġһ仰ڣһеⶼˣһڴϼæͷûûҶǷ֮ǰʥģ
ʥĴȻûеǲʥ͢󳼵ȨΪʥеλ߾ĵʦȴû˸Ҳٻ
ǾʺȻûдó͢µȨҲûд󳼵Ȩ˭˭Ҳ
ʥҲΪ׷˭εġ
ۿҶһˣһ¾ͱһֿȵĴ󹦳ޱЦ˻һ͵֣Ҳһ˿ġ˻ʥѳʥʦⶼʷˣҶһܸı
˼䣬ȴͻȻʥߵһæ˵ˣ
ҶҲһ£ʥʾȻʥˣ
ӭӣһ£һڴϼæųӣޱΪҲʥϣҲҪУڿһŵŶȥһ֣űʱ򿪣Ĺ˽ľҲӳ˵
ֻ㳡ϣһʥɵӻӵĻ֮£һڵǰ̨״ͣ£ţг۷ϵʥ߹򿪳ţֹ̽ȥһˡ
ȴ¡
һߣзϵʥ߹ȥַͬһˡЩݣţȻ˵ӢòҲһֶص˼һα㲻ɫһ԰ף۾ϸʱųһâɢһֻеϡ
һ۵Ȼǰ˻ʥ֮˻ʥʣĳɳ
ϴһ㵭΢ЦĳɳǰһͷʾԼϣϴЦ⣬ȴ벽ʾʥʵ𾴡
ʰϣжʮλǿؼʥߣںһ·ǰǰ˹ʩ񣬶һڴȴһҾأڳʥꡣ
޴ǰɣĳɳſ΢΢һЦ뿪Цʡ
ЦˡһЦ
ʱҶǰһһҾأȴЩеͬһ񣺡Ҷ㣬μ¡
񣡡ĳɳĿһæǰԽҶһߴҶһ߸̾޿һʥĴ󹦳ţȻһ˲ţ㰡һֱæȻ֪󹦣ȴҲûʱȥ㣬㲻ްɣ
ôңҶһЦ
ɡæãĳɳһͷȴҶ֣һ·ȥһһҶ߿ֻ࣬˵ʥѵһѶʥµԼϣ뵽ҲѣȻȥأȴһֱûʱ䣬ź
Ҷ㵭ЦţͷӦȴɸ̾λʥʹȻһɫҲ˻ʥˣҲʼˡ
УĳɳֻףûϿıҲǸӣǸӡϱȻҪһԸϣ¾ֻվһˡ
һ˷վվţҲԳλߵͣȴʡһЩΡ
ֻһС£ɿĳɳǸ֮ˡ
ĳɳ̸ЦһҶһЩ֮£ʥ֮£Ȼ뿥ʥ֮£ȴʹ˸ɫ
лʾһڴϣȥĳɳҲԼĶʮ˳ţ˵źʱһʥմ
ʱֻʣҶ㡢ޱĳɳˣĳɳɫʱʵ֪Ŀİɣ
⡭£ҡҡͷҪʸɡ
Ǹ޴˸鷳ĳɳü̾һ
Ȼ
ֻ²ˡ´ʱϲԳһ˿ʧ֮ɫҶҡҡͷ
֪ǸõĻᡣĳɳ˵ʥδǰʥսȴпܳΪѵʥ򡣵ãȴĲӮ˹Ȼãˡ
Ҷ㣬΢΢ҡͷ䲻𡣡
ô£̲סʡ


619 
˵ɡȥ˵һ顣
ҲüͷȷʵǸᣬҲȷʵǼûյ¡
ħʥսڼȴûо¶ˡĳɳҡҡͷ㣬㽫Ҫ
ǡҶһͷޱһȥҲ˳˵㣬Ǵûᣬʥʵûаա˵ĶҲ޷¿ǡ
ʦзִ硣ҶһЦ
һ·֮ϣֻղԣҲûʲôҶ㲻Լɱһ֮˵ˣ²һ㵨Ҳ̫˰ɣʥɱѾɱĻǴϣˡ
ѾƽءޱЦ˵
ô£¼æ׷ʡ
ҶʱԼҪʥԺ˵һ飬˵񼤵ͷãѾӵоȴǵչʱˡ˵ģֻʥһȷʥвĵλʥʦôʱգĵλȼˣ
ҵӵжֻԱѡҶεһЦ
жӢ۶ǱƳģҡͷһЦ
صУҶֱҵʥĳɳ֮λŴһʧ֮ɫ˳һҶ㣬Ȧ㲻һ졣
ȻȥҶ˵Ҳδؾȫûϣˡ
šص˵ͷԼظȥˡ
㻹Ȱ˵ʥ𣿡ʡ
Ҫһ԰ɡҶ˵ʥִܲ͢¡
Ŀһ㣬ѵԼ
ʱȴʥҶСҶһ˴󲽶룬һڣʱŹرա
ֻ֮ʣҶĳɳˣĳɳ˹Ҷ㣬̾һʧˣ
ҾһûᡣҶ˵ʵ˵ȷʵҲǶĲ
Ŭһǧٶ꣬ʹ˻ʥһɫĳɳ˵ǰȴһսޣ޲ΪһĲǿС仹ôΣյǿС㣬ɣ
ܡҶһͷ±ա
кδ㣿ĳɳʡ
²ֹҵȥһԡҶ˵
㣿ĳɳЦˣ΢΢ҡͷ㣬֪Ǹɫƾƣ֮ȻܿһƬǳΪʥܺһҪ֪Եһʥһǿʥ򡣡
֪ҶһͷҪԹ֪ǷУֻǱڼ˼ֻ¼ĺ¶ҪԼʧ֮ۡʥǵǻսȻȴǺ¡
޷Ŵ̸ãȷʵһ֮šĳɳͷðɣаձȥɣֻ˽ݣ԰˻ʥʥ͢塣
ôһ˵ȴһҪҶһЦ
ĳɳ˵ͷ
ҸոʥɱˣһǴһһĶáҶ˵
ʲôĳɳʱɴ۾ʵҶһ˵һ飿
Ȼû壬ֻǲš
һֱ֮ģҹڻμ࣬ҳְΪɶɱҵ˼Ҷ˵ұֵܵ棬ΪУ̫ȴòɱ֡
ĵ̫ˣĳɳü
£ʥѾ׷ˡҶһЦΪҲְأǴǰ¡һӣıù£öδӡʥޱȣһΧں󣬱ƵҲܲɱ֡һ㣬ʥдϣǴΪ֤
Сӣĳɳ֮ȴðôһݲϵĻ
ҶֻЦ
˵ɣʲôֶΣʹʥһͻȻ˵ˣĳɳȤʡ
ֻǴӦؿʥԺʥԱ֮Ҷ˵ٷ˲ţһЩʥʦ
ʲôĳɳһʥʦ
Ҷһͷһֱ룬˻ʥǰʥս֮ѳʦʥ֮йء
ô֪ģĳɳһæ׷ʡ
ʥĵشҶ˵£Ǽҵֵܣʵʥ֮оȳġڵ߾¯Լһʥ񣬶﷢ֵġ
㲻ڸ޿Цɣĳɳͷϼˡ
ʥģǾԵĽأκ˶ȥ޻أҶôܽлܻ
ޱȰҶ£Ҳ¡ǲһҲˡãΣͷʥǱֵܴһ˳Ҳȥˡ
㡭ĳɳȻΣҡͷЦǸ漣
¿ɲҪȥ̽աҶЦ˵
ֻȥҲˡĳɳ˵Уʥʧ̫ˡ˵˵ʥĵľ󣿡
Ҷ㵭һЦԼ˵˳ĳɳþģͷȻ£һﱻӡǧ꣬㲻ֻҲˡǼֵ˰
⡰ˡȴһ˫أһֵһ˴˿Խǧʱ䳤ȴҲΪ¶裻ֵҶˣȻԻȣʵ
ʥ֮УҲֻǵõһԴˮҶ˵۹ʥһҴԴˮ˵ʥ֮УʥΪǿ󣬻˵Ϊ˶˵ԴˮȻ󣬵ȴҲһҪðΣղܵõһ㡣룬Ҳ˻ʥѳʥʦΪʥԵʡ
µûĳɳ˵ͷȴʥʲ֪ܡ
̾һ˵ǰһʥսУǹȻʧ˲پӢʿⲢһʥʹһ겻˼Ԫıʥ֮𰡡
˻ʥΪһսû˵ҶҲûʡףĳɳ˵£ԵĿԣϸ֮£ʥ֮𣬱ǵ˻ʥʥʾʧɡȵĹʧĳɳȻ˵
ôôĳɳҶ㣬Ļش
а취Ҷˣĳɳһ
ĳɳ̲סʧʵ
ҶͷĿǰ֮һµʥ򣬶ʥԺͽ֮СеķԺӵ֮ܶѧϰ˶ʹ仯õ֮š
ããĳɳҶ㣬ͷ°ˣĹͣʷעˣ
˵ʷˣֽܰ㲻ˡҶʱ¶һĿЦ
ָ壿ĳɳһü
ǱĴࡣҶ˵£Ƿ֪๴֮£
䲻֪飬ػ¡ĳɳһֻ̫ʥ֮֮͢лԮ֣мʥͶ䲻ȴҲܶ
ͼıʥ֮λأҶʡ
ȻݲˡĳɳЦȴҪȷ֤ݣĵȴнڷ¾
ˡҶһͷ
£Ҫίһ¡ĳɳһ˼㿪˵ʲôԭϾɱʥϺʹ޵øһɣ޾ȥְ֮ΪΣ
Ҷ֪ĳɳȻģ΢Цͷ˵


620 
ʥ֮͢зϣ֮ǣǻǧټѰ϶㡣ĳɳ˵ͶʥһһҲԶ֡һطʥԺ˳
Ҳǿ֮Ҷͷ
صĴȨ֮Ȼ˿ơĳɳЦ˵޻һλϽȥӹְλ
Ҷ㣬΢Ц˵ʵֻǹȥ㡣
⡭Ҷ΢΢ü
㿴ĪΣĳɳЦ˵תٷһϽְ֮Ȼͳأ
Ҷ㲻Цˣһȫƾˡ
ĳɳҲǴˣ֪ƾҶĿǰκȡȫ޿ܣΪҶߵһˣҶԼİףж˶дκҶǵͳȨǼֱΡ
ҶûְλЩҲһֻһ֮һã췴пܡ
ֱѡҶˣûһعǣһǴҶ㣬˵ʵȴֻҶһ¶ѡ
ʥԺ£ɡĳɳ˵ȻΪˣȴټʥڴʲôְǱǵˣȴʡ
áҶһͷ˵£ʥ֮õĿռ̫Ҫʮλʥ֮ܿĺʥռŵֿ֮ռȴóΪбҪҿʦӽ죬пռŶ滻
£ĳɳϲ쳣ǿ̫ˡֻǴǷɿ᲻ᱻĺʥã
޿ܡҶҡͷϻãּ֮̽ԸĽѾγһµĿռʥ
Ǻãĳɳһͷ¾ͷˣ㰡һһ󹦰ˡ
һ·ġҶ֣һ񣬡ҶմȾȨ֮ġ
ڷı֣ȴѾˡĳɳ΢΢һЦʦҲŴұ֤㲻Ϊʥ֮µвĻλ㣿
Ҷ㵭һЦ
漴ĳɳҶġ֮ɴЦ˵ôһʥɽҶˡЩףֻһǿҷԣί㣬ֻηԺԺְ֮ɡ
ְλνҶ˵ֻҪʥԺ֮ϣȫұá
Ҳȫ㡣ĳɳ˵ּ㣬ʥ֮ôʥɣʲô˻ʥûйϵˡ
һЩʥԺ֮º󣬻ĳɳҴȥһڴ֮󣬱λ˵Ҷ֮¡ۼҶ㲻õֵ֧֣ʥ֧֣һڴȻûκ˷ԣҶӹȻҶְλ֮£ȴκһȱ۵ְλѹҶһͷ
֮ҶҲٶص½ǰǰ¶󣬱ֱӴ˸뿪¶ǧҪС尵бҶһЦˣҾ͸ʡˣԷſֽɱʹ죡
˵⻰ʱв¶һ˿â߾ġ
Ҳǡҡͷһ̾ҪԣⲻǸԼҲʹ𣿡
һ˻ص磬һ֮УĪܻһӣ󵨴Ȩļһõ
ĪܱŪ˸Īʣϴʲô裿ⶼʲôʲô
һ˿Цһ֣ϲϽֵǾ͵֮ˣɱֵСЬ
˵꣬һһЦЦĪһͷˮҶ㣬ȴҶҲЦе㷢ëޱʣҵĴϣ⵽ôˣôȥһʥһѰģ
ҲĪޱ͡
ġޱЦ˵ʥǼһȻ֪Ҫ鷳ʹһ١ʱһɱ˳һҪ
Σһ˼˵һͻȻͣڣæʡ
ɵˡޱЦ˵
ɵʲô˼Ī㶵ʡ
ǲǵϽ˵ӽˮˣЦ˵ɵ˾Ǹɵ¡
ɱˣĪܵ۾ʣʥɱ˴Ϻʹ
Ҳ𾪣˵˭оš
ǰӵͷǾͰˡʥѾΪˡ
ذɣ˸۾ʡ
ǡޱ˵ʥѾĪΪϽͳءܹʥּˡϲĪ
˵Цˡ
ⶼʲôʲôĪܻؽǺҿİɣ
治ǡҶҡҡͷҲٶĪܣֱӽһзϸϸؽһ飬ŻȻ
ȻҶ㱻ΪˣȴֳʥԺԺʵûһʧߵʵĪܸҶ㶫ܵæֺγܹЩ֮£һʵҲֻиûκʵʡ
ϲϲתͷĪܱȭ֣Īգ
ҿˣĪܵһۣһʱЦ
ʥԺһ¡ٺ˵棬ʥ棬ʥͬ͢Ҳ档֮£Ȼܵõʥʺʹȫ֧ˡʥԺǵĵλ͸̣ʹҲˡ
ֻаʥʦ𣿡ҶͥȴЩġ
Ӧû̫⡣Ҷ˵ΪֻҪŬǻнġ
΢΢ͷ
Ҷ硣һֱһƲ֣ʱվ˵æɣҾȻȥ˰ɡ
ôżҶ㿴΢΢һЦʥȻûдӦǣȴ˽ݰæ
ģ۾һҶĵϸѾ֪˲٣ҶܶȻӵǻ֮δؾܰɣٿԽʹ֮
ȻϷԡҶ˵Ȼֻ˽ݣұ㲻̫ܵ㣬˻ʥ͢й಻УģһὫ㸸ʹ԰Χ֮ȳġ
㡣΢΢ͷʲôʱ
ȲæҶ˵ҪȽ֮²úãҪһЩ׼
˵תƶʵǿ󣬵ʵʥ򲻾ãһЩ»֪֮ꡪʥ֮нռţǷֱͨ
Դﵽƶҡͷʥʵ̫ңԶˡ;ÿռţͨԴﵽͨЧֻµĻûбЩռţױûǻٻʥ֮УԼĿռţرءԷʥ֮͢ѽ𰲶ȹ̵Ŀռš
ˡҶһͷĻҾǰڻ˲۵ϱϡ
ļҶԴŰٴʯʥʦƳһռšΪ˱أҶʩʹЩռɫͨʯһ㣬ټʯһ˼ƣȴʹЩռŽʱҲʯ飬ʥҶ㲻ϸʹһռŲɢκʥȫ
֮⣬ҶָһףһαװʥԱá
һ֮УҶֻѩӰǰȥҲΪѩӰСɰƴһ֮ʡ˽Բ磬һͬȥƺƴ󣬱˷Сϳǰ˻ʥ´
Ҷϳװִǧ˾ޱԲģһҪСġҶЦŴӦ˳һսȥ
ȵ˶ϣҪսʿȥ
սʿеˡ
Ҷȴ֪Щһֻ棬ָΪԼѪսǳ


621 һǱ
Ǻޱߣâ˸ţԶɢĹâÿ
Ҷ㾲վһССĻϣһǰһ޴嫴ΰ֮ʥһϡоֵġǡ
԰˻ʥǰʥȴҪȺ󾭹Сĸʥ;νҶһ·ѰЩشһЩ۵Ļ֮αװռţĻس·ȴҪࡣ
Ǳһž֣Ȼʯȴû顣޴ûκһʥ˵͸ĴʥԽľְ롣֡顱ʥޱȣǼѱƣʥеһ
һڣôһͽٳƸǱǿռݣһ󣬶Իλ֮Ҫһʱ嶯һǣȦױڴˡ
ȻΧסҸȴҲɱ֡˵ǵơҲݣֻαװˡǴɱҲûġ
⵹Ƿ㡣ҶһЦ취ǱΪϲߡ
ǱƵûʲô⡣˵ܶסһһҪˡ
кѣҶЦˡǲǻռ𣿡
԰һİƣ漴ֿɥɲɣ뵽£һҲ뵽Ҳ˴ȥռţһϼӷκǱȥġ
ǾѸײڶ֮ƹȥҶЦ˵
𣿡ɻʡ
Ҳֻһ;ˡҶһ˵һʾӡ˳ȡϵ
汧ǸҲֵս֮ʣȴ޷ﵽǡһ棬ҶǸȻһЦ
Ҳûʲôҡҡͷ֮顣ǸлҶæ
׼ɡҶ˵һһȥȻԿռŽǴ׼ʱҪгսʿװǵռ֮Уһ롣
Ҷ֪ʵǿԷʵҲװü˵սʿΧȴʮ򾫱ǿҴ˽ǱжǿߣΪһɺͻȻαװüãȴܴǵпǵݡֻһˣлϣͬʱڴˣټʮ
ŲңҶ㵭һЦ
ҡҡͷֻǴ̫ʧܣֻ´ӱΣա
ôһֱУΣգҶҡͷڲŶֻ֣ȶѾǻʥ֮λٳɱ˶ѡ
Ĭţ˵δһǷҲδ֪ҵһġΪɴǰ±ȻɳɡҶҪŭʵ̫ˡЩǴսԷ׺ȴҲ֧£ͻΧһãͻȫûϧʧôһоȫˣܷɱֶ֧ӵˣҲˡ
Ҷ΢΢üô˵һҪȲ˵ˣ
Ҷ£һҾأǼܵ
ҲաҶ̾һ˵ͷʱүɡ
лҶһҾҶȴԸ̸ֱ˳ӡŻ
ôʡ
㸸ȴǲҡҶҡͷЦ
⡭ˣô°òװ˾ȱôȴ
ҲֲҶЦЦκֻ֪һ˴ǰԥġ㸸ðգΪ㲢δϢܾһϣԴһаյ̡
ǡֱתȦҶ磬ҪȻٺҸ˵˵ɡ
ûõġҶҡҡͷһ˼˵ڵЩ桪һЩʲôأ
Ҷ磬ôǼһˣʡ
Ȼڲ֣ܶǵʥ֮пһɡҶ˵һǱʥ֮У˵ȴԼӾ㸸ʹӡ
ô˵۾ʱ
סӣǲһͶˣҶ㵭һЦ
ʲôЦһҡͷǸܵġ
кβܣΪҶ˵ֻһǱڤʥǵ֮лɱǵ޾һֻǰĿ껻һλӶѡ
㣿ɴ۾һǱһʥ򣿻
ǡҶһЦȻһЩ˵ĳɷڣ䲻ɸƣǿԼһĻᡪֻҪʥΧѰңҵһЩӵĵ𣬵ʱǱɽ֮ʥ취ӽʥֻ͢Ҫһ֣ǱЮֶӣ㸸ʹ֮Χ
𣿡Щ˷ܣЩǡ
ΪҶظһĸ֣ĥ˰֮˵ͷµҲûİ취ˣǾͰ˵İɣ
·Ҷȡһս˳Ϣָ֮ʥ֮ضȥ
ж֮䣬СģΩֱ˷֣һ·СǰУӽʥġ
߼䣬ҶȴӦʥϢʱݳһƬʯ֮С֮󣬼սԶʥĶȥ۵糸һϢ˼ҲûС
ô£ȻǲǱսǸǲԽʥսǸȴ쳻ʥսǸʥսЩڵʥǵʥôֱӼݳǵ֮УɢʥϢ
ҲͶйذɡҶ΢΢üȡʥ
ǱαװʥȴߣɫΪ⻬ߣʱܸоһ֮ʣʱͱ仯Ϣʥ
Ȼ֪Ҷαװʥȴûϵôǿ󣬵֮ɲǼ˱仯һŮһ±һӢӣһҲ֮仯ģɻƽױ仯貵ʯ֮ףʽҲٿԭӡ
ϢҲ֮ı䣬ʥҲ֮ǰͬת֮֮˭ҲֻӦϢ
⡭ˣôܣ
ûʲôܡҶһЦǵСѣôȡ
ǸţҶ㣬̾ʱĲ£û뵽㾹ȻֵزֻѾԶʥˡ
ڲǸ̾ʱ򡣡Ҷһ˵һҲߣʱ仯һˣۣǰӢ
Լе㲻ƽŶҶʱģЦˡ
ԽԽáҶ˵
أΪνұôӢʡ
ȻûоӣʥҲҪֶ֪ԼģֻҪʥһԭҰȻԹ۲쵽ԼΡ
ǼˣôĹʣҶ㿪˸СЦ
Сһ졣Ӣӵٰڳôӣȴ̲סеǻ
׷һʵô°ɡҶ˵סҽн
ͼʡ£ֱʹ˵ۼԼԵŮ֣룬һһ롣
֮УʿҲԽһЩӵɡԿΪּһзҲĽ»ǵԼװЩʿ
ǾͽΣҶһЦֱӰĺˡ
νҲû֪ЩʲôɡһЦͷ
ɰŮұɲҪˣ¶ڡҶ̲ס
֪ˡĿһ࣬ʱ


622 
˳սǰ׷ȥ׷һ쳻ʥսݳʥ߻ͷһۣҶʱųʥʾͣ£׷ȥһ֣λ̨쳻ʥ𣿡
ǰôˣʥ΢΢üȻҶ㵢·º졣
ǸšҶһЦɻʣǱˣôȴڱгս۵糸
ʥˣʥ´Ҷ㣬üͷʡ
ǡҶһͷ
ô᲻֪£ʥ˵
£ҶһЦǱʿһֱڻ֮ؿޣ֮ܲ࣬ɶµ֪֮١
ԭˡһͷġʥٰһᣬʤ߲Եõʥ󱦿ȨԵõ˲õʥԸ⣬Եõʥĸ߹ٺ»Щʥ߱㶼ˡ
ȻҶ΢΢ͷһ֣лָ̨㡣ֻ֪μᣬʲôҪ󣿡
ûС˵ֻҪʵǿɡֻǲμ֮вЯӣ򽫱Ϊʥ⵽
лָ㡣Ҷٴһ˵˼Ÿ·˹ֱˡ
⵹鷳ˡҶ˵пм
޷Ҷ΢΢һЦصķӣܲóҲб¡
ŽɣҶݳǰȥֻһȴϢǹǰʥġ
һͷϢУһ·ϱһѲ߱һѲ߱Խһϼսɳһ½ҶסʥʵʲôˣҪȥ
ˡҶһ֣Ϊӿ޵ļįʦһɶȴõ֪ھٰᡣֵһ޴ʩչд˴ûᣬμӡ
ԭˡǴӵľһͷȴȡһʥҶ˵ôҪһ硣
㡣ҶһЦ䣬磬ǾٽʥųҶڴƬ̣ǰҲ磬ʥڴһ󣬱ɻؾУһͷɡ뿪
ô£Ҷ㣬һľȡ
һŷΪħٴ󡯡Ҷ˵ԽռΪص硣ҷűⷨص֮УȻ޷̽õ
㷨氡ɵͷ̾
ǰȥһ·ܵ˲̲飬ƽ£ʥġʥԵרŵĳŲμӱ߿ţҶԶսһ˹ȥȴǰѾˣǧ֮ڡ
ȴҲֻܸЩһܼ飬ȻŽʥ֮С
ʥָָͨǶҶ˵ʥ⣬ľۡҶһ·ԣʥȻԶ˻ʥ򣬶ڤʥȣǹ֮޲ɼȷһǿʥ
ŲμӱʥһڣŶ¼漴ڳס¡һǷԲȴȫΪɲμӱ߶ʱȻѾסһ룬ɼһαܷ׷ǰ
סݣʱʥӷֹʥӦҶ㣺Ҷ磬˵ʲô
Ӧ˲׳Ասķ֮áҶ˵ͬʱ˾ҲΪʹ֪ӵֶȲڱڽƷԼֳǻƻʣܵġ
Ҳ±еϸû뱾֮𣿡Զӵͬñб߻һĻ¡
ΣҶһЦ֮䱾ͻϸ˴͸֮ôһ𣬱½֪߸ǿߣҲ֪øλҳ޿ܡӹǰȻ޷õλʥ͢Ҳ޴Ӱ졣Ҹеĸ֣ԭѾӵҫλμӣҲֻΪǲɿȨʥϲְ
ôһ޲ϵ˲𣿡̲סʡ
Լãƺ⡣Ҷ˵ˣֶ֧ӵЩ
в١˵Ҫ׾
ΣҶʡ
Ҹ˵ƶˡ˵
ˣ΢ˡҶĬĬ˼ȴƺ뵽Щʲôû˵
Ҷ磬㱨μᣬкδ㣿ʡ
˵ǶõһøλֻΣҶ㿴΢Цʡ
˼ǡֶͨӽӣĿһ
ǡҶͷҲ뿴һⳡоЩʲôпܣҵ뷴֮£㲻ΪãҲΪͶá
װɣȴûʲôġ
ΪҶһЦ
ˣͺðˡ˵֮ǰӲŰǻƻ֮£ʹǱ߾ǰȫģʱԮǡߣ취ƻļƻˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ס£㵽ԺɢһסʥߣֳɼԺԺ֮Уа֮࣬һһʤȯյӣҶֿȴúЦ
ţЩ˻വţȴһ˫ʻ˽ݳʥ߽ͣȺ˳ش򿪳ţһλʥʥֺɨܣһôˣ鷳ž;÷
ôһ˵ԺеʥʱͶƵĿ⣬ȴҲ⣬Ÿǰߣһһʲô֣ҲԼмＸɢ˻ؼңҲʡñ֮бС
ιĶڴ˴Բѣⷬʱ˲ʥ߿һʱǰסΪ׵һ߸۶Ŀ֮⡣
ҶҼҹӲô򣡡Ǽݳʥߴһɷ˵ʱǸ߸ӳ֣һƻȥз
Ǹ߸ȴԶʤһһȭȥǼݳʥģʱһֱ۴ȥȴƺѾ˲ս
ҵˣôĵӣֺʥĿһͻȻǰһָǸ߸ǰһ㣬߸ӱһȭ򵹣ٶȴ죬ȭһʱѾһָʱһֳһƬɫӲȥȻһˤ
ʱסֺʥߣֻʥЦһܣ˵ˣʥʥڼҵүڷ棬˴ǶһͷģЩûõļһүʡڱ֮˷ѱүʥ
˵ţһʥӿʥ֮ǿޱȵĴ˵أȻҲܸԺӣɼȷʵǿһʥ߸Ӧɶɫ࣬ǰ
ڷػܣһһ֣Ǽݳʥʱѡס
ҶţĿһУֻúЦС˵ڼʥ֮Ȼ˵ãҲʲôʥ壬һɡ
СĲҷĲмֲϲµģŵ졣Ҷ˵
˵ţǹڷȴߣ΢΢һü˹
һһüҶ㡣Ҷ磬ƣҪҪֽѵ
˭ҲסҶ㵭Ц
ʱڷ˹´ˣȻʵǵϢͬЩݰҷȰһ䡪᱾үˣ˾ûʲôϣˣǳ绹ǷɡүµȱһЩʹˣԸ⣬үԸô
ҶһۣһЦˡ


623 Χ
Ҷ㿴ڷ棬΢΢һЦлֵȴκˡ
ڷһǲмı顣û˲ڱˡְλ˴󽫾Σ󲻴󣿵˾Σ߲ߣҲʥʣˣǾ͵ڱˣ´󣬲Ը㡣
ͬҶҡͷ
ô˵ǸҪˣڷɫһ
˵֮ʱҪעִ硣Ҷ㿴Źڷ棬ԴЦݣȴñ䡣Ѫ֮֡
Сӣҿǻòͷˣڷ۾ʱһʥƼӿţƺʱ֡
Ҷ㲻Ϊȴܲˣವһվ˵붯֣ã棡
㣿ڷ濴ЦˡƤ۵С๫ôƯֱһλðɣ
˵꣬ȴЦ
Ŀһֱ̧ҪƣʱݵĹԱȴ˹Уס֣ڸʲô֮ʱ˽Ҫȡʸģɢ˸ɢˣ
ˡڷƳһۣȻݺݵ˵Ҷ㣺Сӣ䳡Ǽ
˵꣬һתݹԱλˣ鷳үż徲ӣȺûõĶ˱үĺΣүˣҪѪġ
ǹԱüۣҲҸһʶԺӣȴŵһԺС
һߣԺһڲȴһ׷׵ֻϹڷĺݽɫ̫࣬ԼʲôôҲ̲Щ˲⡣ȴǿδؾôֻ࣬ҪԼ˲ʼϹڷˣǿߵģ䲻ܶõһǰ¶Ҳǲ˵һЩοǰʥеøһְٰҲֵˡ
Ҷʱȴվڷŵˡеĸ߸ӣʱɫ࣬Ϣֹȴȫ˷Ųǿվȡ
ɡҶǷ˵˵ͷ
㡭ҽ𣿡ʡ
ɰɡҶһͷȡ˼öҩ
ҩȴ뿪֮ǰƶɡ䲻֪ʥҩķӣĪҪ˼öͨҩֱʥ󣬱֪ҩ䷽پĥ飬ȴԼһЧǿʥҩ
Щʥҩ֮УһЩԴˮĳɷ֣ˣʹҩĹЧǿࡣ
ǵԴˮ뵤ҩͿҩȴҪо֮ţȫոֲϵ֮ĳĽṹ֯Щϵṹγõĵҩ
ֻǽĲϼУҲǺƶѣ𲻵κЧԾ֪ҶⵤҩķӣҲ޷ƳһĵҩΪ֪ЩϣʲôṹС
Ǹ߸ӵͬȻɻ󣬵߸ȻѾܲˣŽӹҩȥƬ̼䣬ɫָ˲٣۾Ҳñ˲סһ󣬼æҶ㹰ʩ񣺡л
ؿҶһ֣ڵɡ
˵ִ̽ϣһʥʥڡƬ̼䣬ҵڴƻһʥʥȴֳһаɫɢһ֮
жԵʥ⵹˼
ҶĿһʱԼʥɫʥΧת֮佫סٵȻǸ߸ڴ˳Լڡ
һжʥȻ޷˺Ҷ㣬ʥססûȴѾʥĽṹ붾Ҷ΢һͷֱӽʥһöɫ룬
Ȼ֪һУֻۼǸ߸Ӽ˼ģ߸ӵɫʱתúҲָ糣ɶԵͷޡ
л߸ӸоԼȫתϲãæΪĸͬҲæһ֣涼ǳϿҵĸм֮ɫ
Ҷ˰֣вԻλСЩҪ̨֮Ǳˡ
֪һһͷһʵ˵ֻǸڷʵ̫ʢˣֵܿ۲š
λôƺ߸ӰִĻҶ㹰ֵֵͬܣǴܣ϶ԴΣΰǲԽʥҵӵܡ
𡣡Ҷһָָ֣λʦܽ
ԭֵٴιΪ˵жңܿɲʲôҪֵܰæģһֻҪ
áҶ΢΢ͷ
ûʼ䣬λʥߵġȥ̲סҶ˵
ҵûʲô£֮ġҶһЦǾ˶ǹֱغ֮ˣܰһѱһѶѡ
Ȼʥߣʵһ㣬ҶֻۣҲҪǿһЩҶǴ£֮⣬Ҳ£ֽɫֻưˣû̫ġ
ĴˡһͷΣѾѣ⵹ʵ
Ҷ㻺ͷδ·ϡ
ס£֮ݱ˹棬˱ῪʼϢΪμڶ࣬ʥȾΧΧֱڳ䳡оУûʲôҪֻʥɳֶѡ
ҲúܣЩʥ֮ͷǿߣ类ʥϲֱӻΧ˲ŲòμΧ
ҶȻҲ֮μΧ
˵ֱֱֵһᡣʱӮʮʤȵؾڲ֮ϣΧͲ⡣
ȴڱ䳡Ҳ˹ڷ档λүÿγ³ֱ߲ǹҫһ㣬ֱü̲סߺ˵ҪǼԺգôҫҲʲôǹڼҲͨͨСʥ壬ôֱǡֱǡ
ĵȴǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ӧñһ̬ͬҶȴֻЦЦΪûʲô棬ΪԼֱ־ǡɡˣҲΪҵʵǲ㣬ҲֻЩͨǰҫһ¡
ôһ룬ǿءЦˡ
˵ţڷȴѾ˱䣬˶ֺ۾⣬һ¾ͿҶĿԼ˵ЦģֱӸоʲôûüͷ˹´ˣʣ˵ʲôأ
˵ʲôҲ㱨ɣЦһ
ڱ˵˳ߣ»ᱻ˳ͷڷһɭ֮⡣
ɣϸһе㶷ۣŻ˭أһۣҶˡ
ʲôڷ˰죬һܹҪԼϳߣָԼ۾ʣж𣿡
ûҡͷȻԥ˵ʵҲ̫ء
ˣڷһѽƵһԣҶıӰһһǲΪԼʤôೡһΧˣߣƫҪǵı֮·ʹֹ
˵ţһ֣߼æִ˹ڷȴ˵ֻǽһ
𣿡߲һ
ʲôУڷЦеǮʹĥֻҪϻѣκ˶ΪΪ¡ⲻΧĴﲻעʹЩʲôֶΣҲΪ֪Ȩ֮£ҲԸǵġ
ˡһͷŹڷ˳󣬿ٶȥ


624 ʵ
Χļ֮սڲͣս
ЩλʥߣֱӾΧˣЩûʲôλˣֻϵսһᡣ
ҶѾս˼ٳҪƺûû˵ΧˣȴͻȻЩͷˡ
ΪǵĶԽԽǿˡ
Ȼǿǿ϶ģΪԽʣµԽǾӢǳʱҲû⣬ȴԼԵˣȴûԼЩǿ
죬Ҷڻһλʥߣ̲֮ס˵ҾйŹ֡
ˣҶһЦ
ǴҲ̫ǿ˰ɣԹšֱǰΧеǿ֣еˡ
ȷʵˡҶ㻺ͷҲˣ˵ıȴࡣһЩ־ͲƽˣǱΧʸ񣬵ȴ̭ˡ
ôһ£ʡ
ܼ򵥣һ˶ֽţȥҶЦ˵ֻûϵôǿ
ô죿ʡ
ȥҶ˵ֻǲҪ̫¶âÿֻñ˸оʤá
ˡһͷȻ˵֪˭Ļһÿ
زˡҶ˱䳡һǵһָָ̨̨ϸհһִѪĹڷ档ӦòбˡҲΩʵͨΧ١
쵰ɺ޺޵һȫͷϣ
С˶Ǽĵ¡Ҷļ򡣡վʥ֮ɽ۷ϵǿߣûҪڰɽƴļһﶷ
СǷˡһ
ƽģƽġҶЦЦ˵
ʮʤ֮󣬹ڷסˡ֮Уһץߵ콫ŭô£
үǰԸİһΣҲˣ䳡Χ٣ѾвǿĶֵͽһǱȥˣǡҲ߹ˣȴʤֵҲѾû취ˡ
ˣڷ޺ҧһΧ֮ǰĻǰ׷ˣǿϺõҩϵȵﰡͳȥô࣬ôҲǰΧвųɣ
Ƶһԣвⲽ˼
үʵ˸Ҳûʲôαء׳ŵӴȰοȴǹڷݺݵһۡ
ǰң⻹Ǵ𣿡ڷһɾӢۣҪзǳֶΣҪѹķССɫҲܰƽ̸ʲôɾʹҵ˹ڼң
ǡǡ߲˵ʲôֻǵͷ
һˡڷ˼Ƭ̺һ󷢺ݡֵٰһ
ҪԶԸǣ߸еһ󲻰ⲻðɣαطʱأһ
ʲôһڷһۣŲүĹ򣿡
ŵֱ֡
ģҲзִ硣ڷһЦЩҿˣǽĹȴҪãÿÿʤþգʵȴƾʵͲˣֻöѣ湦Զʦ֣ܽҲǳһʱʰʦ֮ܣֻľʱҲܽܡ
ǡǡͷ
ֻᡮǡǡǡڷһ
үһ˲õʥһֱûʹãԸǽʱʹ˳ȻǱʤɡ߼æ˵
⵹ǲڷЦ
ǵڶյı䳡ϣҶطԼĶ־ȻλһֱڵҵĹڷү
û뵽ɣ䳡ϣڷ渺ֶǼƣĳưһߣһĸ֡ǰı飬ǲȴǿװ򶨵ȴڳİƿױʡ
û̫뵽ҶЦˡû뵽ڷСӾȻˡ
㲻̫ð𣿡ҶЦʡٶలЩҴ˵һһʧ֣Ŀľʹˡ
ҵĿģڷһüʲô˼
Լ֪ҶЦ˵үŴ¿϶ѲСɣǿϧЩƱֱӸңƶһµõô౦϶ԼʲôˣȻ͸мǧлİţҾԼˡ
㡭ڷñӶҪˣԼ
ҪϰѡֹߡҶ˵ʱľ𣿡
𣬱ΪԼЩ£͸Ҷǿ߷ڷţ㵱֪ˣ죡ΪԼ֮С԰ˣúܣеǱǿĴڣҾ֪ʲôǿǿ֣֪㲻Ǿ֮ܣû棡
ϻû˵ꣿҶҡͷ̾˿˵ţϢһ
˵ţȻ̨ϥ֧°ͣһҪһӡ
̨аɣȫɳʥʯ̳ɣ̨൱һһȾõŪ·
̨ܣĸӣȴļ򵥵ʥΩһñǲʥ֮ٽ̨֮ڷų̨ʥߵʥԷڵʥߴ˷ٲ˳صػ̨˼̨֮սߡ
ʱ̨֮һȴüŹڷʹ˸ɫʾ̿ʼҪӡ
ұȫ㣡ڷһ͸һĨɱ⣬Ҷȥ
Ҷȴ·˯ˣֻ֧°ͱ۾Ϣȡ
ɣҶһڷ治ɻðɣֻҶǳƣǶԼͷβӡ޵ҧгݣһҪһҪҶ
ɲǼ䣬͵ǰһԾȫʱӿһȵʥʥʾɫһѣεϢһҶ˹ȥ
Ҷʱ۾̧ͷһʥͷʵ㵹е㱾µġ
˵ţͻȻһվԱһ缲һ˳ȥڷһ˸ա
ڷһһֻ̧Ҷһ㣬һɫʥʱָӿҶȥҶôһתۼƳԶȴڷĹٴա
ڷһȫʥӿųҶ㣬һȭȭһƲϽڼ仹ǿµָ빥ôʹУҶҶ·һƬеҶԽǿɵԽԽԶ
һɵһƴطʥϽʱһԷ֡ҹڷ㷢ȴǽв֧ʼϢҶƫûдڵš
ֻһζ㣬ֺúý֣ٱ䣡ʱ˾һ
ڷɭɭһЦĶܹǲ֮ǰС㡣һɱ㡪Ϊ׷ٶȡǱ䣬һֱӱܵʲôʱѾӣɾˡ
治֪˶ٺô١Ҷ̾һˣúÿһЩȴǱҲûа취
˵󻰣ڷһͻȻ佫˫һ˫ǰ͵һ꣬һ˫֮۳֧ڣ˫Ҳһ͵һҶȥһȥЩڱȫҶȥ
СҳݣҶЦһͻȻһâֱͦһƣ
ɲ֮䣬һϣ𶯲ݡȭ಻ţֻƾһӲؽ÷飡
ʲôڷɴ۾һ
ʱҶµ̨𶯣ʥ֮ķ̨ȻҶ֮˵ƣ
һʱ䣬ȫԾ


625 
ţ·Ǿǵս²ҶϣΧ֮𵴲ݡҶǰĽŲڵϣһĽӡ
䳡䶯ˣйսߡֱ٣ĿͶһʥＯУȥо̨֮Ϣı仯Ȼһʥ߾¶˾ޱȵı顣
ڷȫŴˣֵȥֲض
ܰһôô鲻Խ亹Զͷ䡣
̨һ٣ŵһƨɵڵϡɫ࣬£֪ԼһβòΥΪֻò˶ãҪõΪµĳͷ
ΪҶǿȵǿߣܹΧֻ»ڱ֮ȡüΣʱԸͻΪʥ֮еĴԼССٽܹڷ¸£ֻ¾ͽΪԼ촦Ĵ
̨֮ϣҶһǰڷһˣֵıһֱڹڷϣĨȥڷһֱˣҪ˵̨ϣʱʶԼѾ޿ˡ
ҵ죡Զƴ˹ȴΧб̭ȴսֵܵܡʱǸӦҶһеؼ˹Խλˣһж¶㵵ı顣
ĹȻô̲ס˵ֱֱһ㰡
㻹˵ʲôҪǰæǿԳءԴܣ亹˵ʲôҪǰæ
ˣ˰ֻһظ̾
ӦҶ㷢Զһ̨ϵҲ˾͵һ˫ȭ֮ϵʥһ±仯Ϊݻһ׽һһǰݺ֮䣬Ҳ̨ҡβֹһҡ
һλ֣һ󾪺ȥ
ĶֱоĹҲԼ൱ͻȻ֮䱬ôǿһ¾ͱŵɫ⾪װһϮȻ֪ԭض
Ҳ֮⣬ȭƽ⣬һ˹ȥֱӽʥ̨߳ȡʤ
˾֮һƬ漴ּæתҶߣҶڷս
ʱĹڷҧأ£ȴ;ĩ·֮ʼ˾޴͵ؿһҶ˹
ҾͲôţɫʥԼΧָеʥָ⻯һö룬Ҷ㵱شȥ
ȭֻ̫ն񡣡Ҷ΢΢ҡͷұԼζ֪ҪԱʹðɡ
˵һ̧֣һöɹڷʥγɵʱһһһ˹ڷ֮СڷӾҵһһָ;ֹסϵʥһ»ɢ˶Ƭ֮ƺһϡ
ֻоһԼϤޱȵĶʥԼ壬ԼԼʥк͡ɣʥȴһȻܸӦǱԼʱȴȫԼָӣԼںֱײƻᣬʥմȾȫƤһԳһƬɫſ۵³һƬѪˮ
ҶȫؿһЦȥú˰ɣȫˡֻٴﵽֻûмʮǲܵˡ
˵ţ̨Եȥٵǰ΢΢һЦ˷ģҲĵˣҲҪͬΪǻһЩȽϺá˵أ
ĨһѺͷĵǸٳˣ»治ýˡ
Ҷıֿνȫ˵ı֮һڹٿ˵ı䣬ȴȻζһֱӺ˳ñ䳡壬ʣµıһﲻζ
£ûʲô취ġ
ϣҶ۰£ݵĹԱÿǵţȻ󹧾Ⱦһſ˵Ŷλˡ֪λǷʱ䣿
ʲô£ҶݺͰʡ
ʥʹǶλݹԱЦ˵
Ҷ㿴˿˶ףԼıѾʥĸ߲㣬֪ΧоȻҲ˸ֺ󣬱ʱ£ˡ
֮Ҷ㼱æװһϲӣߡݵĹԱǰ·һ·һڡ
˸һݣһλŻ۵ʥ߱վЦӭˣ۾´ŶˣΪЦλڱ䳡ϵı֣
Ҷ㹰΢Цֻǿ֣òƴȫˡ
ʦ֣ʦܶ԰ɣʹʡ
ǡҶ㼱æͷ
ΪƽʱССʹߣֻбʰķݣʱС٣ټ϶ЩͶڶӺûһøУȴֻվһߣȻûֳ벻ͷȴҲûʲôɫ
ȴһֹ¸ʿĸоͦҶΪ˱ݡ
ʹҲΪ⣬˵ҲԼҲʹ죬ͺͿȥһİͽȨ󡢰˵Ҷ
ĸţЦʡ
šҶ㼱æش𡣡ڱԵԽʥһɡ࣬ʮˣȨƸ΢ʿˡ
ô˵ƶλ˲ඣʹʡ
ǡҶ̾һˣĸԸӵĿ˵ˣֵҾͲסּį
˵ţȴЦ
жãʹҲЦˣΪʥ߲һȴҪڻ֮ӣʵǲ⡣רΪԼҲˣΪʲô
԰Ҷֵ֪һ˷ܵһơ޼أ֮ȴֻΪߴʵǣǺο࣡ʵǣѵܻʥΪ񣬽֮ȥȥˣΣֹؿޣʲô˼
ȻǸ˰ʹЦŵͷôأ
ֻʦֵġú˵Ӧһ䣬תͷװȥˡʵγ뿴ʲôװΣʲʹ߰ˡ
ʹҲףЦһ˵˵һжġ
λ֪˵Ŀģʹ߿Ҷʡ
ҶЦˣֻǺ°ɣ
ʹһͷҲ֪˴α䣬ּѡ˲ţ׳ʵЩǿˣȴֻΪ˱ĿȨ뽱͵ʥǱ֮ˡα䣬ʥ͢صĻǱԼ˲šִţʥ͢ʰ
ҵҵҶװЩЦš
֪ԵοأʹͻȻʡ
Ҷԥһ£˵¼ӿޣڵ֮ȴ֪֮١ֻ֪ʥţλȴû䡣
λ֮£ҿ飬˽̸̸ҲǿԵġʹЦ˵УմȨʴϻۣв֮ţȴܵٹӵҪ˵λĹҿǷǶӲɵġֻһЩߣȴҪƾ޲޵µĴӣĿȴǶȡʥȨΪһɶ񡣡
һ˵⻰ɫʱ
ʹһֱҲûֻǶҶ㡣ҶԼæͷǿɲЩ˵֣Ȼ˵ã
˵̫ˡʹͷȻӢϾףȴҪ뿪һµʢ˲ǾǱزٵġ֪ԸΪʥһ
Ȼ岻ݴǣҶ㼱æͷүкβǲƴǣ
ãʹ߸˵һơд˼ʶôٻɾͲԶˡ
ҶҲٶ˵ʲôֻЦһС˵־ӡ


626 ʽ
ʹûٶ˵ʲôֻ̽Ҷ̬ȱ뿪ˡ֮ݵĹԱʱΪ°˷䣬ȴǵһСԺ徲úܡ
ǵ˼ԡҶ˵ΪߣԷɻڴԴеõõĴֻ֮Ǿͻᰲȴʽ֮ǰˡ
һȺ޳ܵСˣߡ
ıҲԡҶ㣬һֱ˱áҳݵһõȨƵˣ㣬ȴСʦܡ߹°Ľɫʺ㡣
ʦһĸʦ֣ʹΥԼԸҲϧе˵ȥɣС΢΢һ죬ʦ
ʦҲһġҶЦˡҡ
Ҷ㣬Щ⣬Ҷȴûн͵˼Ҳû˼ʡ
м˵ȻɻʤʹΧ
ת֮䣬ʽıٿһʥڣ˿ϰλΧʥڳϳ˳֮󣬽һ޴ı䳡Сλʥ򷱻֮ı䳡Ρΰͬʱսȱ볡ս߱Ѿ˱䳡ۼһʥ³ʱĻ
һλλʥ̧ŻĹ⣬ȻŽ֮ɫԼϯλ֮СЩϯλ𱰣ǴʥĹӻֻǿߣӵһļϢλߵϣȴֱܿ

ҶϢλԶϯбʥҶȥȴܵˡһ˷ܣҶ㲻ס֣ȴμӱĲҶһҶЦЦͷ⣬ʱ˷ܵضԱߵĹ˵˰ɣʶ
ԱȻ֪ʲôһתȥ
ҶĿȺɨһȦͣϯ̨֮ϡǿ̨һ̨Ҳ䳡κνƮڱ䳡Ͽգ˷һӦȫһһȻǹҪϢ֮á
ʱһʥʮսĴӵ֮ԶȻܷڶǸ߿е̨ȥȺʱһ󻶺
Ǵ󳵺սһڿ̨ϣսʱ߳λʥߣ򿪴󳵳ţطˡһһʥۣü͸һλ߲еϣ˹꣬һĳۣͿȥʮ꣬۾ȴ͸һ׺֮ɫ
ȻͶҵˡ
Ҷ㿴ŶˣɰԵͷֻ۾еɣֻӦϢԶ϶ɱϲСߣǶӣССе֮ɫȻ׾˱һݽɫ
һ֣ǳྲ׾Яҵ֣ߵƽ̨ǰһ·Ⱥ⣬Ⱥʱַ֮ڶ
λ׾ڣʥʹ֮ףޱȣʱѹڳڵʱ죬ٲһԣֻ̧ͷſеӡ
ȻȥвãӦֹһ䣬ΪȻɥʾľ⡣׾˵·Ʊ任׷ʥһζؾȴɥʧõĻᡣʥţףһЩСаĶֻڱʹ֮УȴԾĹ
˶٣˵ˣӲҪڴ˷ǳ֮ʱзǳ֮£ٰ嫱ᣬֻΪΪѡӢţʥ͢ãʶǿߣʥ֮͢ѡˣھͲŸΣԮʥǱǿ죬Ҳκʧ
ʱ˴ͷӢ
һʮƬ̼ս˸Žкȴһ𡰶Ӣ
׾תͷҵһЦʮĺʱ΢΢ͷǵ֮ɫ˵常˵ĲԸҵġ
˵ɡ׾һὫҵƵǰȻ䴫ȥһҽЩ˵ɡ
ǿߡҵǰڡʥݣϾףʥһʥ߶в磬׾ȾͲøԶȴķʱ·֮üỺȴķ
ι֮ڵ£͡˵ʥ˲ű֮أͲֻϧ֮ǰδȫãĴʿӻ֮أԶʥֻ͢װ˷츳Ż޵񹦣ʵʹźҾٰᣬҪȥźʿлõĻᣬй;
ͣһ˵عߣأ֮ʿҲΪϸһ롪ЩǾ֮࣬ȴΪЩʲôȴʥк洦ǻøãʥĽչǿûУȫûУʣ˶ѧǣ˭ʥ˭ʥķϣɥܿ˭𣿡
ⷬȴ˵˲סͷʲôʿ֮ǹǲԸΪڳˣ
ϸһ룬ȴˡʱ̲ס͡Ҷǲʿ˭ǣ

֮ʱҲҵ˵е̲סҶ㡣
Ҷ㵭һЦ˵Ҫ˵ͣ˵ع߷ͣ¼ҵö֮ɣԼȨΪ֮٣޳ܡ
ɺеء˵
ǽΪڡҶ˵ӣع»ȴȫ񰲿򰲶Ϊ֮ƣϧͷ­Ѫ֮ȴЦˣƵۣǲˣǲǲʿ
۾һеɻʱһɨգһһ̸ģⷬǿ£ȴˡ
ͨ˾ˡҶһЦԼۣǻ鲻Խͬʱһλʥ˵һ仰¡˵֮ʱ޺֮ƣ֮Ӧһͬƣȴˡ¡ΪΣΪͨϣĶСߡվܼԼԼơƵĺô׼ܼõĺôȴʱ֡İİʵΪõġ
Цҡͷ
ô죿
ʥˣῪǡҶ˵֪ΪԺΪȴߵǷǺڰףʹ
ʱҵ˵ˣǲҪЩվεˣίΣϵҫȨ˶֪ΪĲ߱кñҲˣҲžٰᣬһһչֵĻᣬҲһΪλĻᣡ
Ӣ
ٴζ
ô찡ЩżˡƻȥսΪʱǽ˸ʹ֮ΧֻҲİ
¡ҶЦЦ߲ᱻɱΣױɱεˣֻҪѡ֮ʿֿۣǸı䡣ҪסʱʵֻǷ֮ݣ󵽻Ὣĵزֻƶ뵽ǣҲ˵ıԡ
ôףʡ
ҷһѾ𣿡ҶЦ˵
ǵǡ˵ͷ
ʵֻҪռ˻λ˾УȻʩԻġҶ㵭˵ûôӣӵֻδռݴλ֮ǰּƲ߰ˡֻҪ̫֣Ӯĵѡ
˵ȴޱȼ򵥡˵Ҷ磬ʱܰ𣿡
ȴ㸸ʹӵˡҶһЦȻֵΣȴҪǵ


627 ʥ
һͨƪ˵ҵʱῪʼ
һʱ죬淨գһƬѤþ󣬹߾̾
ʽϣʽʼɵǣһĵһ䣬Ҷϳ
ٽе𡱵֣Ҷ㲻һЦ˵û뵽һҪǳͷˡ
ô򣿡
°ɡҶ˵
ʲôЦˡĿҶ˵뿪䳡룬°ͣؿ
ʱƺûڿô
̲סš
Ҷ㣬ûȥٶ೤ʱ䣬ֻǼһ䡰ʿŵΧб־ˡϡҶĶʱȴȫһˡ
ĶʥʥϼҵĹӡ嫡ٸ˵š嫹Ȼ󣬵ʵȴڹϣʱһ֮ƽһ֧ݺǺĵˣ֮ǿޱȣ̳ϼҵʥ壬ϼһţ
ôһôϻ֮еܲü
ٽ֮ʣһλĸߴṫӱ˫֣ߵ˱䳡룬վҶǰ΢ЦעҶ㡣
𣿡ʡ
嫣Ҷ㷴ʡ
˵Χгɼףʡ
˵ƹͲòμΧҶ㷴ʡ
ȻͬʱЦţ嫵Ŀȴһ˵ҵһλѱ˳ΧգȴֹΧ֪ƾʵʵͶȡɣ
νͶȡɣҶʡ
һʥ֣֮ҲҪһſɵʤ˵Ȼʤ֪ǽʲôʥ֮
˵ǹڷ𣿡Ҷʡ
֪ʡ嫺һ
Ϊ𣿡Ҷʡ
̸ϱֻΪһơͨΧ٣ֻȴ޷ٰͨɣ
ͨ٣ҶЦˡĳֲФ֮¡λѼʷ񣬿ǻ˲ٰɣ
סڣĿһб֮£ȴҵѣˣ
ڴʱҲѾ嫣漴俪ʼ
Ϲӣκξ֮ǰһҪŪ׷ʲôҶ㻺˵ʵҲվһ֮Ϊ嶯£ֻµӲڶ֡
ҽձ֪Ϊڡ䣬ʥȻӿ
һ룬ʥӿţ˷·֮У׽͸
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷһ׹Ⲩ
ڷ潻ѣԼǲФ֮ҲǸʶ˵ĺͿûʲô˵ģֱӴſҲˡ
λϵʥߣȴܽʥɢǰȴܲ˶ݡƽ̨֮ϣҪĶҵȴ۾һվ˱ȥһʱ䲻˵սı֮ϡ
常˶̾
ǿȴʲô׾һЦҲʶǿߣչֳȴˡֶҵԣ˵ǽʥʣͳһȴִָϡҪѧͳ֮ս֮֮常㹻ˡ
ûҵͷ΢Ц
ʱҶȴѾ֡
嫾ҶжƵģһҪҶɱһ㣬ͻһ˹ȭͷٶȼ죬ȭͬһ˹ٹ߿ȴֻΪһȭ
ˮȭϮҶȴЦˡ
ˮϵ
ˮϵǿǰҲûӰʹֻʱ͵ˡ
ǾͲˣһᱩ¶ҵĵϸãұɡ
һȭʱ֣ȻǺһ֣ٶȾȻȳֵ嫻Ҫ죬ȭƴ˹ȥһ¾ͽԷȭƻҶȭϣȴ಻嫴˹ȥ
ҲӣȻʱٵصҶ㼸ȭȻǰһķȴܱҶֺҶȭͷ΢һ٣ʱֽȭѹȥһֱɽѹסĸо
в͸֮ɫҶ㽻֣֪λʿжǿҶĿȭ֮£ȭȫѹסȻһҲʩչŪţѹ
ȭΪҹȭˮԣҹһ಻Ľ͸Էʥ֮УԷ֮ڣƻ֮ʹԷԼܷȫܡû뵽Ҷ֮ǿޱȣȭֿ죬ȴȫѹƣˮһҲҶʥ֮Уʹоȡ
˵ʥжǿ
аơ
ףƽ̨֮ϣ׾Ҳһ䡣ƵǿߣҲŹ˵֣ʱȴҶڲͬ۾
常𣿡ҵָҶʡ
š׾ͷһﲻ򵥰ǿٶֿ죬˲áҵϵ嫣ȷʵһеĶ֣û뵽һͱѹŴ⡣
ҪӮҵʡ
ô㡣׾Цˡʥǿȭ죬嫻ʥ׿äĿԴȡ֮ʣҪܱ
˵Ҳʥءҵ˵
ʿһ㲻ϲʥ׾˵ĻôޡǷһֶΣֻԼǿޱȵˡǽǿ󣬶Ҳˣǲܱƽʥ߸ΪͬʱȴҲ㡣ʥҲˣûˣȫͬİ
˵ţҶһֱѹŴȴ޷ֹĿȭ͵һ˼ľ룬һץץһʥ
ʥȴһɫȴŵ⻪ɢһˮ嫽ץУ͵˼£ʱһ𣬽ţбͻȻһˮĿռ䣬һ½ҶС
ˡ׾΢΢һЦ²ÿˣ䶨ˡ
ˮռ֮Уˮϸ껯ţëϸ룬һҶȥȴ಻Ҷȫ
ʵĪܡͭ˱УҲֻܽʥֵ֮ܵ಻룬¾ѳҲҪܲˡ
Ҷʲôˣʥǿκε˿̵΢΢һЦˮռ޾ˮڻֱӴ磬һʥ񻯳׹ٻԼϡ
̧֮䣬һ׹Ź⻪ָţֻôһƳǿ֮ɢһ÷顣ţǰһץ֮עָϣһ¾ͽˮĿռץ飬˴֮
һʱ䣬ֻһȫˣɶɴ۾һ
ô£׾ĿҲһ䣬͵һ½Ӷ֮̽⣬㵵ؿҶ㡣
Ȼʧ
常ҪӮ𣿡ҵҲ˷
׾û˵ֻǽŵؿҶ㡣
ۼҶ׵ͻԼʥ嫵ʱʹһ£
ǿʥ֮ǿƾ֮ɱǿߵʥ֮
ôƵˣ
Ҷӭ嫱ϵ׵ŵһѹִ֮͵ٻ壬ʱַųһˮռ
һΣˮռ佫Լ֣ҶѾһƴһ˲佫ǿռƣ
ҵ찡
˲ɷͬľȺһʱ֮ը˹һط


628 Ŀ
֮ƽʥ֮ʼ
˶ʣʥ֮Ƿƽˣ
Ȼ󣬱һȺҡͷ̾һȺҶ˾̾
һȺ˿ʼüԭƶΪԼֵ֮ǵһ֮λƺԼңԶЩ
־֮ģ嫲Ķ֪룬Ωٽʥ֮ӳˮĿռ䡣ҶԭزϹŵЦݣ嫷ųһˮռ䣬̧֮ƽ֮ơһʱ䣬һͷһƣȴڱ䳡ƴϷ
˶һ
ʥʥ߱Լӵо޴ʥֻһʥ֮ͷųѡ
ʥ߷ȴȫʥʥô࣬ԽǲϵͷžĵþԽ졣
ʥһʥƴֻɵӲŸɵó¡κʱ˿ֻ˵ĳЦ
ڴʱ˵أһȴıˡǲƴġ𡱣ѾһƬհףһ۵С۵ؿţÿ˶һеĸо
Ϊת֮䣬ҶѾƾ֮ƴ˼ʮΣ
˶Ѿ𡱵ֱʹһ޾ʥƴԼȴȻ£·װһƬʥ֮ԶҲɺһ
ȻҶҲʥƴĵزȻʥҶȴıгĵز
̵ģȴʥԻ׹ϣ׷֮ԶʥһɱȣʥƴײǼ˹
ʱ嫺£ߺ£һʥ£
ʲôˣôô
˶ھ֮࣬ʵ
ʱҶڶǰӭ嫶ȥһ߲ϻ嫷ųˮռ䣬һƽھкţ֪˵˱䳡ıԵˣʥ֮ػ̨֮ˣǵ棬㻹жûʹͳͳҪ䡣
˺ˣ嫻ʲôһȿգ̨
̨ߣֻѣָ߶ȱ˵ʥߣͨߵҲʲô߶ȣȻˤһƨɾ͵˵ϣðһʧǵӣ·ʲô޴Ĵ̼
ƽ̨֮ϣ׾Բ۾˵еȻСĽҲһѺۡ
˲ţ˲ţ׾ˣ֮½ĵ÷飬Լһʧȥƽƽ̨ȥ
ϸһĵϸתһĸ˵
ǣĸͷһȥ
常ɣҵҲ˷ָ·Ҷʡ
ֹ׾΢΢ͷΪãǱսµķķ
ıתΪǴ˲Ϊãȴسɽ󻼡
常Ҫô죿ҵæʡ
ʶ࣬λ׾˵ǲʶ࣬ǾҪһɱڴˣκ˵£
׳䣬ʥʿʤ
ٸ֮ȫڡΣʥˣԼȡʤһô˾̾ʤʥԼ˷ޱȣһȸԾ
ʵҲֹˡʱҲţܸһסԱһʶˣţסͬһݣΪιˣ֪֪𣿡
ֱҪĽࡣ
ֻУҶݵػعԼϢλһ˫˫۾һֱЩ۾ǳ˾壬ǳ˾壬ǳ˷ϲá
Ҷ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ̲סС˵
ۣܿٽ׾ӵ֮УҶһЦţһһâĽ֮֮СһУȴħٴصռ֮ǽߵҲûиоǽ׹磬ֻջһ㡣
ˣȴ׵һԴʥܡ
ھ͸оϷĿ⡣û̧ͷֻϷƽָָ̨
ǱáҶһЦһѾʼǵĵϸˣʿͷα֮£ֻҲһ񡣡
һ뵽ҪίߣҾ;öġü
嫿ֻ綼֪ԴʱȴҪ㡣Ҷ˵ıУ㲻ȫ֣ʹҲ£Ϊڡ
ûµġʤӿҡͷ˵ƽʱ۽ǰĻƽʥ֮չֵҲȫǽ˽֮⣬û˼ʶľ׽ȭ
Сʻ괬Ҷ˵Ͼ嫣һ˶ϤĵطǵĿĲڱǿʤ취ĸ
ŶˡЩ˼صͷ
ۼҶͷȷʵҲǰ¶С˼Ҷһ仰ȴЩ˵Ŀģɴв
˼Ҷȸģ˼Щ鸡Ӹɶѽ¶ֲҶǡ𡱵ء
ԽԽò˼һСߵͨ졣
ֻȴԼж֮࣬ôŤ̬ȴп̲ס桭
үʱƽ̨׾ĸѾȻߣʥ֮͢вûκμ¼ҲǡԳŵʿʿɣҲû˵
⵹Ҳûʲô׾˼һ˵ͷǹΪ֪ҲˡʿȻǽԼڳǺ֮УԽΪ֪ܴԽáûвʥкιϸ𣿡
⵹ûСĸҡͷǾͺͻȻһ㣬֮ǰûκιǵļ¼֮ĹϵҲ˼ǺȨˣΪȴ෴ƺЩܷС֮뿪ɣһμӴᣬȴֻΪ׷֮Ĺϵ¿е΢ѽ
ֻҪǲǱʥɹʥ֮͢еϸãĹôʲô׾ͷһʱ̽̽ǵĵףǿɿ֮ˣԸΪãĵһҲ޲ɣʡǼʥ֮֡ȥúðţҪһǽıΡ
ǣĸȥ֮󲻾ãֵٱһߵ֣ȴǡ쳻ʥʥ廳ҵӵܣл㩵ṫӡ
ҵĻҶٶһҲֵòΧҲ˻ɡ
ѰءҶװΪѵı飬漴һͷİҵĺô磡
˵ȥ
˶λӢġӡŵı֣ȴɶе㷢䣬ҵվƽ̨֮ϸȻ̲ס׾ʣ常ôֵֹģ
֣ⲻĽôԸԼҪҲҪ׷߽ⷱ磿׾ɹЦЦôһа
ҵϾСӣ˰ȴûס
ת֮䣬Ѿվǻһĸߴ˶ĹӣĿǳªһԼӢӣ̲סʱ뿴ˡò͸ɫͨ졣
СӣСүһͰӣߺߵ˵
Һʱ𣿡ԷһԼĹĵӣһľȣ֪һ
ûлشֻ俪ʼʱ˹ʾһܵӰӣ֮䣬ʥûһֻƣһҵķֱƾ˵úܡ
ȴһ׵ؾ˹ȥֱһ׽ŵ뵽ҶĻ̾˿˹ȥԶ


629 Ů
һ֮󣬲ϱֻʵãһһ߶һѰһĸоͬƶ֮ȴʮֺÿȴҲһĺȲ֮
żʱҲַǴƷ㩡ȭǡ׽ЩǼĴյȭԳصľˣϢɵն̣
ΪԼʵݣʵýֻǺס֮Ƽ䣬ϢʹáʹˣʵҲж֣⻳֮Ҳ޷ʤ
ҲֻΪʵ֣ŹװֻװҲʤ
ôһ֮Ѱ˿϶˻㩵ıӲһ÷ɳ̨ˤڵϣȡʤ
Ĺ͸ߣڵԼǰȻεüãȴû׾վƽ̨֮ϣȻһֱϸȴҲûʲôײһԽãʥ֮жǿߣ׾ΪʵҲԶѷǽãȻαװ
⡰ʵȴԶѷڡ𡱣ȻҲǸ֣ȴʲô˲õš
һֵı䣬ʱ䣬ڼҶ㵹˲ٸ֡һЩʵˣȴҲһЩˣҶȴԼоǻٶ˲⡣ҲΪ±λ֪ߵͣԲŹʾҲпԭ
ڶֱһʼǡϳⰲźõһʵϣҲȷʵ׾ĹⰲţҪһ⡰𡱵ĹжǿͬʱȴĿġ
常ΪҪأҵվƽ̨¿ţʱü
ôˣ׾ʡ
ôڴʱͱ̭ǲ̫ϧ𣿡ҵ˵Ӧ÷ŵɣ㲻ǵһҲǰλҲ÷ְַ£
ȴɡ׾ҡͷȻżҵˣȴʥߵѪͳʥ͢ȴоɺޡ˲á
ɺޣҵȻ
Ĺĸ޸һλϽ׾˵λϽΪ˶ܵǣһĹĸżҶԴ˱ֵúǴȣûʥֻ͢Сĸ׽ȴһֱҪΪĸһμӱᣬǻ˸֮ġ
Ȼ治󡣡ҵ΢΢ҡͷϢɿ
żԸҵġ׾Цһż˶ʶ֪࣬ӦԴֻСѾͷ֪ôȴ˷ԹִżҲԼԲͨ籨š
ô˵ȷʵҵͷ
ʱҶѾ˳λżҵӵңңԡ
һĽСŮӣҶʱȴҪͷźܺÿĴ۾ͽëģʱĿһС죬µıӣشһγһű׼˭ˣ̲ס⡣
õŮԴôҪùˡҶۼӴŮһλʥ֣ŮѪһأ̧̨
ʱҶ㣬Գһ˿ءҧ촽ʼ֮󣬳Ҷ˵ʿΪҪˮ
ģÿһˡҶһЦһᣬԼЩ˿һ֮б룬˼ȻӵӦʹƾҫǲļֵ
ĳЩһһһҪҪΪԼΪһеĽڣ޳ܣ
ŹﲻҲ𣿡Ҷ˵ʮЦٲɡ
˵Щޱ˼ơ
һЩҶĿ·ģ˵еĹⲢһ¡μᣬĿİɣ
⻰ľΪ֮ҡĿҲһ£ָ糣˵պԼʥɣٹˣ
˵֮䣬һʥӿȭԼ۳֮״ȴʹõȭʥȭƾֱӦ׳ʹǿӲȭŽԼһִùϣѪһأʱ磬ȫ𾪡
ǿҶ㻺ͷΪǿҲŸ֣ϼˣ˺Լ
ٺ˵˵ˣüһ͵һ·ǰһȭ˹
ɲ֮䣬ѾҶȫͬʱҲ֪֮£ħٴΪڻһʥ񻯳׹Լϡһʱ䣬ȫâɢ˿˿ȴӽǰ˿
Ҷû֣һ֣ʥ֮һƴʱ绡һƬΧǵĵ֮о䷢ͣҲ˲Ҫʧȥƽĸо
һǱҪԽȭʱ˷Եȭ˫ȭǰһ֮ʱӶݻһƬ֮ĻԼǰҪȫ
̨ʱһƬ֮ΪʹȻǷԵȭƣȴ̺ŻԵĹǵһ޴Ȼ޺ȫһȭȥ֤£ȴҪ۶ϡ
йأȷǿչֳȭƣǾˡһƬ֮ĻȻԻʵ壬ʥγɵȭĻȻ߾̾
Ҷһ֮£ַȴͬ˾׵һʱͱ߽⣬һƬʵ֮Ļ˲ͱ÷飬޴֮£̲סƺһӱֱȥۿҪ̨֮⡣
ٴȴ͸Ҷ㡣˶û뵽ڵһֱбֵͻȻҶһжӲס
ӮˣӮˣڹȺ˷ܵػȭͷţֲԱߵˡ
֪סͬһݣ𻹸ҽˣԱߵû֮ǰ˵ȫ˵ˡ
һǵһܷ˷۾һ´ʡ
˶ΪҪɳ̨ʱȴͻȻһִ硣һâзɳһ֮ϣݻһʽӵּסּ׾ɣȴɢĪʥƾּ֮һץȻֱӽʥ̨ĵץҲһͣڵϡ
һԾ𣬷Ҷ㹥˹һץ֮䣬оȻҶȥͬʱһ֧֧Ҷ
ʥʱ˾
쿴ܲʥɱаɣ˷ܵشС
Ҷ㵱Ȼ͵һ˱һԶʹеļ˸աɾʱЩӦյļȴͻȻһתȻҶ˹
Ҷ΢΢ͷʾ֮͵ӭ˹ȥһȭһ绡Ȼеͬʱ˲ǰ
һ͵ٴһץҶһ֮ʱְٶ֧һҶ
Уȴ¶һ˿֮ɫȻŵնĿľƭҶӽԼԼܷųһ
ʱԹ߶վһ
򵥵ֳ֮ʣҶͻȻâһ׹ͻȻ䣬ȴ⻯һ׹Σͬһ㽫εذ
е׹֮ϣʱ۶ϣʥ֮Ʈɢ
ʲô򣡣˿׹Σɶ
׾ּץһˡÿһսܸ¾ϲǿеǿߣ


630 
Ҫ𣿡ҶâҲڿ㵵Ŀȴһ˿ŭ
򣡡һ̧Ŀм֮ɫ¶һսҪݡ
һ´򿪣һ⻡ͻȻзʥּ׵ֱץס͵һһ۵Ĺ˿Ҷֱȥ
ҶĿۣ̼㿴һϸʥ˿ǹңޱȣֱиΧĿռ䣬Ҷ޿ɱ֮С
ʥϢּȴƣһʥɣ˵ţ̧֮һ׹⣬ֱײ˿֮ϣ֮ԶԶ˳ȥ
ֱԳһĻζɫҲһ±ѿҧҧȴִ磬ȡһʥ
ȴһѾĹּ׵ʽƣҲɢǰʥһϢסһ֮䣬ʥ֮˿ʱڹˣһĹҡ
ֵزףҲɱ㣡Ҷ㴫ȥһбҾڴʱκˣһʥΪߡʥÿһóǷ֮һԤϡԶɣȻҾֻɱˣ
˼Ҷ㿴ЦţҲȥһôһ˵ҵظһߵжǿˡ
Ȱ㲻Ǿͱˣüͷһ壬ʱסң¡
ּּôһб֮ϣǼһâЩ۳һ֧ʹּ֮ȫһʱһǿΧɳʯվֱ̨֮ҲˣЩһƨڵϡ
һɴ۾ȫסļߣ׾ҲɻͷѾͷȻֲżҵ˻֪ͨҡôżһеĶˡϧ˷ҪΪУΪðҲ޷ģʥǻģˣһԷӾ޴
˵ţЦ
һҶ㾹Ȼһվ±Ե֮ʵĸоͷɳޣǺʥ
ɣڻüһ֮мſ֮⡣
ǸˡҶ㵭һЦҲ㡣ɣ֣
һ±ñޱȣûһ˿һԥһɿһʥֵּڹϣ빭һӳ֮ϣһһһ·ֱҶȥ
Ҷ׼ȭ֮ʣȴͻȻзѿϰٵ꣬һ½ҶУۿҪҶɸӣ
úãҶһڽڶʥҲ׹⣬ֱӼӳԼϣ
ҲҲʥ֮Сֻһʥ֮ԿȻһʤȴҪսһСȴ˵ȴҶԸԣɴǿһٽܣ
ʥһټҶ㱾ʥȴǶֻû˵壬ټǰֱСÿҶһǰ˫֮ʣһȻ죬ȭǣ˫֮ϣʱһ˸ջƣǰӭ֮˹ȥ֮ʣһ֮ϡ
Ǿ޴֮ûб飬һ½ɿ˳ȥʥ϶Ϊһ֮Ҳ޷ֱֵӱƳ̨ˤ̨ĵϡ
ݵƽ֮䳡ʱĻһ˼ø߾˫֣꣬꣡
Ҳ˷ܣΪʵ̫ʥˣ֮ǰ׻嫣ҲʲôһΣӵǿʥ׵ǿҲ׻ܣȴʵʵչʾˡ𡱵Ҳʥߵ
ʥĹܲ
ܸ˷ܵȥԱߵˣ˼ȴ֪ĵԣһ㿪ˡ
ӵվɫѿ˼㣬۾ﾹȻˮôվţһֳӵĿ⿴̨ϵҶ㣬ҶӭĿ⻺
һ˵ôҪ𣿡Ҷ㿴ʵ
㲻ᶮģҧҧ촽üһתȥ߶磬ˡ
ʤߣʥʿ𣡡
󣬱䳡һηкþòƽϢ
ҶȴֻıӰ˼ʱ̫ˣڵصϢʱȻһ˿ƵسһЦԭϲֽСɰ͵Ů
ʲôҶһ֮󣬲Цָ˵㰡ﶼʲô
㶢˼ҵıӰһƲ졣
ǾŮе֡Ҷ㻺˵ΪλμӱᣬȴҪõһɣȻĿġҴ۾￴˳֮⣬ȻӦǶңΪһʤвĺޡ
ҾŪˡҡҡͷжֿɰı붯ȴΧ߹һ亹
õڶֱļЪҵȥһҶ˵Ǹѵõ˲ţܰȴʡȥǲ
㻹ǿ˼˰ɣƲ˵
δӡҶ㵭һЦǾһ߹Զᱳġ
Ŷ˵ͷȴ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫҲ֪ʧЩʲô
ڵҹݵĹԱ˶˷ţźݹԱʮֹҾΪ񣬲ſ˵鷳λ¹һˣλҪλ
Ҷװ׵ʣʲôˣ
λ֪ˡݹԱЦ˵
߰ɡҶʾ⣬ʱ˼ܲͷһ֣ˣʲôˣҶû˼ʦ֣ҪһȥɡֻҪһ˼˾ͳɡ
һ䣬ȴǹҶ㿪Ц
ݹԱȴһ˼Цˡ·;Уȴ̲סҶ㣺ϲŮ𣿡
ϲҶεһЦȻ֪ݹԱΪдһʡ
ͨ԰ݹԱ˴ĴָҶЦá
Ҹ˵ʵǶˡҶ˵ʦܴСҴģ˺Ҹ鼫ΪһԼһ˹ߡ
ǡǡǣݹԱæͷ˵ҲסһأСǣǺ˯ˡ
ҶûЦæװӣ黹ǲҪˡ
ףףݹԱͷҲϲŮˣͺãͺã
Ҳ֪ôͺá
תȣԱݹԱҶһݣ㹧˳ȥǴվ˰λʥ߻һʥףʥݣȲÿ˵ʵȻﵽǼĴյļ˾η
˱֮£һλӾڴߣҶ΢΢һЦվϵҰɣ
үҶ㼱æװϻ̳ϿֵӣһҾء
ˣȴ嫹ĿǰմȨ׾
˶񡣡׾һЦָŴһӣ̸ɡ
үڴˣСҶ㼱æҡͷүСվ̻ˡ
̬ȣȻ׾⣬ȴҲҶָ֣ԱߵʾҶ£Ҷ£׾΢Цͷ
ԭˣ׾ͻȻʵ


631 ɱ
಻֪Ҷ΢Ц𡣡ֻСڻ֮سɳϸԶֻ֪ޣ֪¡
ԭˡ׾ͷΪ֮أ
δȴż·ʥἰǱҶ˵һżȴıһ֮·ԴˣҲ֪Ͼ㷱ǧ֣и֣֮֮оŮӣıأ֪ҵȴվۣ֮ͳԦ˵ǡ
Ŵ񣬷·ڻġż
׾ɱʵݼ򶯣·ҲǺ֮еһĻĳλ֪ʥߣǿڸ֮̾ǿȴ˷ʥ֡
ǣδֵĶˣ̲סԼİʦһ˽
׾ֲЦˣҶ㣬룺ʦֹϵҲΪûʲôŮˣԾ͡
аЦȴҸϣֻ΢΢ͷѡͶˡ
ῪʼʱӵµһǵҡҶ˵޵ȴʹãк𣿻ȴãôСͬ޸вƶʹƽк죿
⻰˵úã׾͵ͷ˼ʶ֮ңҲ֮Ұ
ȴҵˡҶ㼱æͷ֡
֮ţҿֱΪһҲ޲ˡ׾Ц˵ֻǱĹȴƣҽս֮ҲǳҪŬѹȺۣôһУͶᵽ֣
лүҶ㼱æ֡
֮ǰʥ͢ȴҪ֪ǷԸΪʥ͢Լ׾һתһЦ
үԸҶվ֣һ
Σ׾Цʡ
Ĺ㼫˵ãټǼߣʵѶԸҶ˵˵ʵڵģȴǿٱΪʵ̫ǿ²Ųòʹǿֿٽܡ
ǰȷʵȷʵ֡׾ͷβ
ҶҲ廰Ѿµ׾Ŀģȴ˵ơ
֮׾ڣʥżҵˡĹĸǰ޸˱һλ죬ǽ췸ãҲǣУһȻӣҲĹĸ˷£ż壬δ뱾򽻶񣬿ȴģһҪΪĸ𡣡
˵˴һĸǴڣٶȴģżԼҲȥȴһͨ籨ţֻҴżҵĺȺ֮
үҪɱҶʡ
׾ͷʥ֮ڣǿߵв٣δ֣ȴ֪ʵǳֻһʱƲסǱ㻵¡ѾϤı£Ҳ˻ķӣȴʺ¡񻹲ʥˣʹй¶Ҳ˵󲻷˽°ɱȱżҵӣҲ˱֮һ֮¡֪ܷΪʥǣ
岻ݴ֮٣Ҷ֣ضԡ
а룺û뵽һﾹȻɱģұ£ǰȥΣˡ
ã׾һЦôˡ
ֻǡҶԥ˵ɱĸ֣ȴȫ֣µʱҷȴ޷ү
޷׾˰֣Ҳ֪ɱĸȻȫʱδʬǴֻҪǼߴɡ
ǣҶ㹰ֵ
ϸһЩ¡׾һ˵һ߽һҶ㣬ҶԺ֮ʱһСԺ
ѾźһУΧκ˴ŵҲ뾡Ҫ̫󶯾׾Ц˵
ǣҶͷ
Ǳ㲻Ϣˡ׾ЦȥҶ㼱æ͡׾˵ҹʱкϢ㲻õȵ
סҶӦ
׾ȥͷβȴҲûʽһ䣬ɼ׾Ǹ֮
׾ҶʱصУæӭʣô
ȻҪɱԹ۲ǷġҶ˵
ɱһΪʲô
ǿ֣ȴⰲڵڶֱҽ֣ɼ˽̭֮ġҶȽ׾˵֮½һ飬Ȼ˵˿Ĺĸ֮׾кܴϵź´Ů
룬ͻȻһƣûһλԷŮӼ޸ϽģһѡʮǰˣʱʥʵѾһղһգ׾ͳûų켺ı˲ٽ죬һóŵ³Ĺøҳ֮ʿԸ׾ۣͬҲһκƽѡʱҸ׾ʹƵʥ͢ڱ߹شйҷˣδֹ¡Ҹ֪׾Ϊ㼱ƽ˷˻˻ʥʣɱ¾űֹֻʥѾȴǴ»СС»ˣҲû׾
ԭˡҶͷõһΪʥ͢߹٣մȨԸ׾ֻӽһɱֲһʤôҡ
ô죿ǵʡҲɱ˰ɣ
ȻãֻȴҪһˡҶ˵˵ɣԣұ취ҾֻýסʱҪ鷳㿴ˡ
⵹û⡣һͷҳ֮ңֳھڹѺʥߵֶ֪ÿɶˣ
ҶЩ֮£ǹĺĸԷ֮£֪ҲʮֻǼ򵥽ܽܡ
˰ɡҶһͷȥ
һСģæȻҲΪȫԼվ
ġҶһͷ˷䡣
ݵ类׾֪ʱԶҶСԺҶжҶݣ׾һָԶһݶȥûñƫƧһԺ䡣
ʥ󶯼䣬ȴӦгһԺ⣬ȴκβʥ߾סԺӸҲûκڣֻһݣ֪׾˰ţԷԼ¡
ǰԺУһԺдլȥһʥȴͻȻ˳ʣ˭
ȴ
ҡҶӦȥһʥ𡣡
㣿һ漴ʲôңǡ
ôĵ𣿡ҶЦŻӦ
ʲôʡѾӮˣı䣬嫵һȥɣαҡ
ŹгޡҶ˵֮ʱұе֣ȴˡ
ʲô˼ʱþ
Źﲻҽȥ𣿡Ҷʡ
ʲôô˵ɡӦ
ֻЩô˵ҶЦĽ֮¡
һĬ֮󣬴լȴͻȻһ´򿪡Ҷ㻺ǰլСһʥլʱرգҶȴ˳ʥķ߽һ
֮УöɢµĺâסҶ㡣
ô֪ģʵ
֪ͽŷԩҶ㿪żɽ׾Ԫף
㡭ûϵҶ㾹Ȼô˵һ
ڻɱҶ˵һֱŰλ֣ÿһλʵ֮ϡϼ߶һʤǣֻҲ˲õʥ˺ټһ׾Ƕֻ֣ѡ
㵽ʲôˣʡһһֱµʿǲ֪ʮǰһζԹġ
ˡҶ˵


632 ʥƷ
̬б仯
Ҷͷ£˵Źﲻݽһ˾סЩ𣿡
һˣһ˰
ŹֻһѰһḴȴô˲СģҶһüʱΧѾһˣȴ֪
ɫһ䣬ʱɢʥʥʥ֮ѹ²ܼԶԺΧļȴԲ鵽һ֮̽²¶֮ɫ
û뵽ֹš
׾˵ʮǰһ׮ѪȴĽȣ֮ȡҶ˵ȴ˵ʮǰʥ׾ûܶԼ֧ߣڳ켺Ľֱ֮ˣۣͬ˲Ż
£ʱ˸ҹøֱ֮ˣҹĸŻᰮŻ뿪Զˡǿɺ޵׾Ϊһ֮˽ɱǣɺ޵оȻΪ濼ǣΪĸ𣬷׾ᣬǿɳܣ
ԹֻǰˣҶʡ
бѡ𣿡ҡͷ̧ͷҶ㣺ֻϧǻᱻˡ
ԭûлᡣҶ̾һ
Ǻ⣿ʡ
ż罫֪ͨ׾һʼ֪μӱΪʲôҶ˵Żᰲǿ֣ڵڶ־Ϊľֱӽ̭
⡭סˣӲ͸ĵʹ࣬Ȼѽܼ屳ʵ
ǾȻˣڿ˳Ⱥ޳֮ͽΪҹĸˣȻԼ׾޳ܣ޳ܣ
Ҷûг԰οΪ¸޷οֻǾţ˸ʹ졣
ǹ¶һ˵ҸĸΪǿɱ֮ʱΪһսȺġжҲĶգҲֻ֮ϡСĸǹĸһֱҰңҶõ֪ƶ˽⵽ůʵҵĸס
ɱĸ֮ȷʵܲҶ㻺˵
л⡣мص˵ͷΪ˱ĸ֮һֱŬΪľǳΪǿҶֻϧԸȴѾʣû뵽оȻΪ˰ͽ׾֮ԸǿҺúޣúޣ
޲ɱˣɱ˵ʵֶΡҶ˵ŹʵǵĿͬġ
ҲΪɱ׾۾һ
ǿ߶׾ɱĶȷʵǼ˸˵Ĵ¡ԼѾûлˣҶ˵滰ôֻ׾ĻҲˡ
ҲֻΪ׾һˡҶ˵ʥλλ֮ң׾һʹֶסռʥ͢ʩչֶͼģ˳λ嫴Ȩôиͽŷ˳֡һ֮޷ıһУҪ跨Ƚ֮ʹټڣ׾Ͷһս
ôʡ
ȶõһýӽӵĻᣬȻЮֶӣ˱ͷʹӡҶ˵
׾أһü
ȴֻšҶ̾һŹɱʮּѣֻһһȺףЮֶȴҲûˣΪֻ²ȨʹΧʹӵľӳߡ
Ĭˣ֮˵ͷ״ڡ˵ɣҪЩʲô
ڷţ׾ҡҶ˵Ҫʾҳϣɱ㡣
㷽һ֮ȴѾµˡЦһҪô㣿ǽͷһãȴ޷ӦΪʵ˵һȻ˸жȴҲܾϾҶҲֻǸİ˰ˡ
ȻẦŹҶҲЦˡֻҪļһá
Ҫҵʥһüһ֮ɫ
Ҷ׾˵ֻĸֽҲܱпɱҷ𡣡Ҷ˵Ȼ׾˵ֻҪʥȥ֤ɡҪȡΡ
ҵʥҵ˵ʧˣֻ˶ɱҡ֪Ƿ˵һѻֻΪƭҵʥ
ɱģαƭʥҶЦˡŹȫ֣ܷҵһ
ܡȻҡͷɱң˿Ѿˡ˫˿ɵ˺֮ģʱһҪҵȴֻǽ̨˶СŮǡ
ҲҪʥҶһЦֻǽһáŹģһһΣ
ʲôû
ɣȽҽһáҶЦ˵
áɻش磬ȡ˳СĵؽҶУҶӹңʥʱУ漴ͷȷʵһ˲õʥ֮ǿһȴܷĪȱݣܽȱ޲ãֻ
ȱݣЦˣЦдŵ鲻Խ֮⣬ʣ֮
֪һҶһЦ罫¯ȡ˳
¯һ㾪һǿߣߣһʦȴֻ˵Զδ̫ǫ˰ɡ
ǫ¡Ҷ΢΢һЦ⿪˾Цȡһĵر
ԼɼıҲа͹ʥ֮һ޲ǾƷȻҲ֮Щһȣ֮̾ƼֱǸɵй
Ҷ㲢û˵ʲôֻǽһͶ˾¯Уʥٵ¯ڻܣһ棬Ҷһ֮䣬ԭҰеĽɣɢһ˳¯С
ʱ¯ɢǿеıﱻٵһʱĹ򣬱㱻Ƴһʥ֮ңȴļһ޶ɢϢҲһģһ
ҵ죡ɾؿҶ㣬ȴ˵
Ҷ㽫ҵݻƷҲЦʣŹԣܿ
⡭æӦκ亹˵ûû𡭡
ȫҶֶŴˡһ˲õʥȻһʱͿƳһģһһ⻹
ֻҲ˰ɣ
ġҶ˵˼ʥʹпɣƷ϶ΪһȴֻܷһһΣҲͷˡҵ뷨˰ɣ
ԷƷƭ׾æʡ
ǡҶͷȻὫʥ׾ƷƭҲ͹ˡ㽫һӦҲܷᷴһα㹻ԣʥʧȥҲ˵ʥʹò١
Ҫٷʡ
һáҶһЦ
û⣡æͷһ½ȡ˳Ҷ㡣Ҷ㻺ӹʥз˽ṹò֮֮ȡͶ¯пʼʱ֮һģһʥƷֱ˳
찡ƷƷֻԼҲѷֱˡ
ƷҿһСҶһЦָָּ׵빭ĩҡŹģŪƷӵġ
˵ҵʥȱݣܷ񡭡Сһ죬ȴҶʥֻǷԼҶ˵ʥȱʱԼĲмʱȴ˼ҰŸʵе㲻˼


633 Ҷ֮
ǵû⡣ҶЦ˵ֻǸʥƷʥô򵥣һⲻãȴҪʱ䡣ʱܣȴ˼֮ŹҵСסһʱ䣬Σ
Ҳáͷ漴ЦһҲ޼ҿɹˣסöûйϵֻ֮ô죿Ҫ취ɣ
áҶһ֣ȡһߡȴʥҶһʼͶ˼Աʱ֮裬ϡ
ߵݸʾϣҲֱӴãʱһӢ꣬װϢȻҲһͬ仯ˡ
⡭˵ȴԼæʥԼȴһô£
αװʥҶЦ˵αװͨι۱߱ɣ⵽ءֻȭȽ⣬һʹ¾ҪϳȴҪ
ˡһ˷ܣסԼġ¡壬òˡ
ȴҪһϷ˿ˡҶʾȽժº󣬵˵ðһƬȫˣˣҲ˼޹
ãһͷʱȡ˼߽ԼװҶ㲢δħٴΣֱӴ磬ʥ񻯳׹Լϡ
ԭ㲢ƾҲõʥ龰ɻȻһЦͺù㲻֪һΪ֮ʥǱŸأ
ҶֻЦ͵һƻӳһ֮ʱӻٵʱ
Ҳٶ˵зӼ֮ʱٶΧһƬݾȥ
סü֣ȴȫڻٻΧϣ˴Ƭ̣Ҷһͷ͵ؽͷųֱӽҲһӣⷢҽУ˼ߣαװ߻һӢ꣬źڰڻȻߡ
ҶʥһɨΧȴѾʥ߸˹ʱ׹⣬Ҳźڰڻٶߡ
ʱѾҶ׾µķλȥһҪĳǰسǵĽʿһΧ˹סΪһʱһ֣£ԼҶǰʣү𣿡
үһкϢҶһͷ
ΪʱҶУʱһ֮С׾ڰ˴֮ӭ˳еʣˣ
ү뿴Ҷ̧ȡ˷ļߣһ׾
áã׾͸˷ܵĹâͷ佫׽˹Уһ߸Ӧǿһߵͷ̾Ǻʥ
˵ţʥһҶеʥʥ˳ȥԼʥʥʥڲռݣһ̧֣Ǽּױ֮ϣʹΪһ壬֣͵һ£һξӿ۳һ֧
׾ȻֻǸӦѾ϶Ц׶Լ֮УҶ㣬ص˵ͷѾͷѾʬ޴˰ɣ
ʵǿȴòȫ֮£ɳˡҶ㹧
°úã׾ҶļʾأҶʱװһϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
Ϊү£µҡһУҪүЯ
ǸˣȻܵõԼҪһС׾ǺǵЦţҶļ򣬳˵ı䣬˵ѾûʲôѣʣµֻǶõһͷѣһὫЩҪ̭͵ǰְ̹Ҳʥ򱦿ĿȨʥ
ǣҶͷ
ЩΪõˣҲھǰ׾˵֮ʣһ֪㣬ʵһˮҪǾǡЩ˽ͬΪϵҪ̫𣿡
סҶͷ
ܺá׾Ҷ̬Ⱥ⣬˵䣬ʾ뿪ˡҶ㹰ֹ£·߹ش⣬һ˻صݡ
һݣʱӭŵʣôƭ׾ϻ쵰ˣ
ҽļ߷һ׸׾Ҷ˵Ȼ٣ȴѾ
˵ôʱأȴԭǰѹ򶼻ڷʥˡЦ˵ҶøôҲųɡ
ʲô˼Ҷ㲻ʡ
һҹܵŻЩʲô˭ܸ֤ЦҪңҾ͸ޱú˵˵£Ųһҹæʥʲô
ѾͷҶҡͷЦãҴӦʱٰһʥ֤Σ
⻹ࡣص˵ͷһҪҹһ֡˭˼Լһһҹţ˼ҼįòС
ã㡣Ҷ㲻ҡͷЦ
ڶҶȻʼ֣ʥ⾰ɫ飬˵ʵ򵼣һͨܣȴ۽󿪣һ˽ʥ
֮ʱߣӭȴֵܣԶʱ˷ܵػֵ֣ܵҶǰ˷ܵ˵ڱ䳡Ҳûû뵽ȴˡ鰡ڹ𣿡
Ҷ㿴ȴһһЦ߰ˡһָԱ߲Զһ¥ûпսȥ
СУ˷ܵ۾Ź⣬üͷֵǴӵҶһǾ¥֮С
ʥ¥ɲͬڷ䣬Ǽֱ緲һ㣬ڲ޴ãֻһ侫µŸʥóͬķ羰ڸڣȴͬںɽһ㡣ҶһɽСͤɫŸȥʳ֮಻Ѷٹȥʱһأʱֻʣɽֺ죬Ŀ
ܵȴǾִٲ⣬ҶһЦЩ֮ʱǿɲŤ֮ˡ
ܲ˼˵ʱ֪ı°֪ˣȴƽƽˡ
еӢ۰Դ̲ס˵
ˡҶ㵭һЦƣһͬ䲻֪ҶͼҲ죬һʱǢ
ܵ˽ſȴپʱҶҲװһ˵ӣԼ˵λһȻδʵҲѾˡЩһΪԼлᣬʵѾעҪһ񡣡
һ⻰˱鶼ɻȻҶ⻰ʲô˼
˼ʣµûĶ֣ԡ̽ʣʹŬҲܶõһ˶԰ɣ
ֹˣǿ֪֣ΪڵڶֱϣҶЦˡ
ҡҡͷҲ֣֮£ǳǩİɣãڶ־
ҲҶҡҡͷֻϷүԲŻǰλ̭
£һ
ȻҶ˵˭Ϸүֻһ࣬ңʵǿֿΪүЧȻܵõĺô˵˰ɣʵһλãүң
⡭˶סˡ
μӱʥߣүЧңҲһأҶһſ񣬡ҪΣ˿嫱ȨߣΣһһΪүͶӳˣҶὫǴܣˣʥ֮͢˲ԸүͶЧңҲһҪǲ
ԭˣɫ࣬ĸֵܵɫҲѿ
ǼǾͶԵҶЦ˵ЯЯǡֻҪǿүЧңұԵܵõĺôʲô󿪲Ȩʲôʥ͢߹٣ȫ⣡ʱǼҪʲôʲô
ǸͻȻһվ俴Ҷ㣬һȭٷֵˣȴκιϸ𣬸ǣ
˵ţתֵܴ󲽶ȥʱһˤ
ǡҶ㣬һľȡ
ҹȻûп˶ǹֱ֮Ҷ㵭һЦ


634 ׾ʧ
ʲôü
ǰҰϢɢȥҶ˵Ҫ˶֪һֻ׾Ϊ׳Լٰ־磬Ϊѡ˲ţһʼҲûǿʲôƽĻᡣ
˽´СϢȴһüơͷֻΪҲ̫˵ɣ
ôǿҶһЦ˵뻵Ҷθɡ
⡭һ֮ȴЦˣ⸱ģȴܰ͵ˡء㡣
һ׾Ͷӵ𡣡Ҷ˵Ǿ֪ҡСġϢй¶Ҳ̫ҡϾֻ֮ʧϻ̳Ͽֵүˡ
Ϊʥ£ˡ̲ס˵Ȼһ֮£˵ͷˡ
̫࣬ҲΪ˻ʥ롣Ҷ˵ʥҪʼսķȻʥ򶯵һʥսʼĻ˻ʥŬһȡõĳɹֻҪ֪֮ʱٵ˵Ļᡣ
ʵսҲǿ֮·˵ϵԡӶᣬʹСٱٱǿ
ΪβƾٶӵǻҶʡ
⡭Ĭˡ
սֻ棬ܵ𺦵ȴǵײĶ˰Ҷ̾šԺƽķʽ𣬲Ϊκ˴˺ֲΪ
ǰ֮ͷ
Ҷϲֵܶǹֱ֮ˣ಻ǿȨһٷʧ͸ȴҲĻ˳ȥûʱ䣬˲ߡڲģ类̭ģ۴£˿ʼѰ䡣
ҵģȻֻǱٵķᣬҲҲ
Ǹֲ²ΪѾΪЧ׾˶֡һʱ䣬ߣΣ֮£ȴ˽»മĽˣԷ׾֡
ʥһ䣬˽µһ±΢ִҲ˵ĶУɻͬʱҲо˲߳ܣҵ׾һ˿ɡ
ԭһҵλĸҲ˶һ˿ҡǵΪ±Ϊ׾ȻܽڸǺöйʹǶ׾˻ɡ
ҲһϢ׾ЩסˣҶ㣬ϸѯ֮£ȴҲһҶ˵ԼδκЩ£ӦǱߣɢҥڮүơ
׾Ҳ޷ȷµй¶ģҲֻ֮ܲ
ڱ䳡ϣȴԽԽѿơһҶսĸ֣ʾ൱ĲҪᵱ³ѡ׾ȻȻܾЩ˱ֱӰ֯һ𵽴Ĳ׾켺ĶС
䣬ȴȻһλӢƲǲǱˣʱԼݣߵĲ׾ʥ֮һҶ켺ĶУӺ׾ס´˳ȥһʱʥڲ׾Ĵ𣬸׾ͷö
鼱֮£ɴֱӰűٽУЩʥߣѾʾԸԼߺұһֳߵ֮󣬱
ȻҶ˵һһʥ
һʥȻҲǱҶ㿴ȴʲôȴߣһһƥʥսһ˳ǹһΪսװҶ㿴ʥʵҲǿ̫롰ս񡱶ֻ̫Զ
ʥȻֻԵĶҪȴʥĹְ
Ҷİ֮£ȡ˵ھĳɼҲǽʮǿ֮ڣҶ׾֤һ׾Ҳһõ˷͡
ڱ֮󣬱Ӧһʢķʽֱڱ䳡УԼ֤һʢĻ׾Ϊʥ£ԽʽҲȼ򻯣һʥ֮͢ھУʹκδεʥ߽޷룬Ҳ޷¡
˵ʵڵģΪǴԵĹϵʥҲһαĽж٣ԡλʥӢ۵ĿҲѾת䣬˶سΪ֮Ȯ֣ȴҶԼȻȥġ
һʽеҲˡ
ЩԸΪ׾ӥȮ˵ʽвҪҪȴܷõ߹ٺ»
գ֮ϣȺԣ׾űǰʮʥߣվڴ·ȺŶҵ١
үǷϢй¶ˣҶվ׾ԣʡ
Ҫˡ׾һЦʲô
Ϊϸ˼֮ʣȴһ֮ʱſʦ˼䡣ҲΪүأһʱ⣬˿˵Щ˵ĻҶ˵ֻǱϱȥ֦ҶγЩҥԡ
޷׾ҡҡͷ㣬һΪһء
Ǻ⣿Ҷװ⡣
ϢһԭЩ̭ʥߣȴʱ֪֮׾޵˵һͶ˱£ȴʹʵ׳αߡȻӵܵЩӰ죬Ӳμλ֮£Ͳؿʲô֮ˡ
ҪϲүˡҶ㼱æֵء
һеı仯ȻȫĿ֮ڡЩõʥߣ׾¾£ٶҲû壬Щ׸֮ͽһɢɳ׾ƴ֮ʱ׳ƣ׾һѹʱͻῼΣ˭ҲΪ׾
ʧȴٲأʥ˶׾ΪҵҲһЩΰһɣǰλȴ°빦֮Ч
׾һ׳Щֶ֧ҵȴɵ֮ģ֮⣬ȴҲǼӵطֻǵƻ֮Ĺϵ
Щ׾ȴûҶ㿴Զ⣬ʵǿЦ
ڴʱҵȴһĴӵ֮£ʥʱ̨֮ϣȴǱ֮ϣǰһƽ̨֮ϣֶȺʱ׾Ĵ£ֹΪ񣬿ںǧꡣ
ҵ΢Цͷ̧ʾһڱʮǿ˵һαᣬȷѡγ˲پӢ˲šЩ˲Ÿʥܴ͢Զǰ˵ĻԻҵţһʱݴְ֮ȴҲз֮Ȩ
˵ţһ֣ʱй˹һ飬ȴǶԱʮǿʥߵķ͡
СȴֱӷΪְ֮˻ΪϽΪ󽫾ٽûٵڴ󽫾ߣȴһ죬ʥ͢߹١
Ҷϸ⣬ȴ͢вٴ󳼶üֻ͸¶֮ɫҳԷԡףʥ֮͢ڵڳʵҲв˲׾ֻʹǣƣ׾һҶڳȴֻ
΢΢һЦ
ʱҵȴʼַӡţڶ͵ӡţȫ׾ţĵʮӡţȴͨ߷ţһӡţȴҵ̣ʰ׶ҶǰԷš
ȴΪʾʿ֮⡣
ҲʱҶһ
֮ϣ׾ߵǰ˴ȴƽʱһԣʥ֮͢Уȴһ˼ϰеκһ
Ҷ㲻ɰЦ׾׾㽫ھӢԼ£ʹԼʵȴʥ͢벻ȴɣ
֮ʿ˴㲻ȫҵҲҪɳһ뻤ԣֻԼ밲Σȴĺûᣡ
ʥ֮͢Уȫ޸֣˭Ҳ費ǣ
ҵߵҶǰ֮ʣҶڳˣ


635 Χ
ûκ뵽ᷢʥ֮͢С
ͳȺעĿ֮£½ľ𣬾Ȼһб㽫סһֻƴѹڶӺ󱳣һֻѹڶӵļͷһ˵˳ȥѪá
˶ɲǼסһؿš𡱣Ȼ
𣿡׾һӦɷһŭ
£Ѿ׾Ҷ֮䣬еâԼ˽ΡϢ׾ϣоһʹ鲻ԽغˣȻ֮ɫ
ʲôҵУǾ֮ɫ
˵һ飬˳ȥҶƽһ˿ʾ˿̼ΪǣǷ衣
û𣿡һȥ
׾˳ȥҶ׾˵ȻһΩһĵƻ
£㻹ųȥ𣿡׾ɫ
̷ſңһԿˡĶ£ҪŽҵŵɫҰףȻвҶ㣬мֺݽɫǱʡ
ؿһаɡҶ㵭һЦҪٶ죬ﲢƿء׾˳ȥ
Ƕȥ׾¶֮ɫҧҧ
үһϣ֤ȫʬոձϽһλʥ׾һ
ȥ׾һ׺֮ɫս鲻Խ˳ȥ
ֻʣ˱áҶָָЩͨʿ
Ҳȥ׾һ
ʿǲҲ׾ʱ˳ȥ
ʲô׾Ҷ㣬ʵ
ʱ˴֮ΧҶ˵
ʲô׾۾˲ɵϴϲҶ㾹ȻҪ
׾΢΢һЦһʽ
£ҶȴһĻ
ڷһ̣ժߣر׾һУҶȴֹ΢΢һ漴֪Ҷ˼ǼʹʱҲҪ¶ݣȻҶôƻģǹԹ˵Ҷ
˼ˣ׾Ŷˣ΢΢۾ԭˣ׾ȻûпǵʵݡҲӺδôǿİ֣
͹ܲˡҶЦһʹŴӺɣʱͻһĶӡ򡭡
˺һëԶ߲ʳǡ׾в
߲ȥҶЦˡܲ߳ȥȴġ㣬ĳʲô£ôλоֻʣ˴һˣȨʥҲ޷Ӽ̳лλȨʱһƾͶҪգһǻ֮󣬵һԸľ㡣㲻Ҫװ򶨵ٹ¶ӳµ˾㣬һ
׾ɫ࣬˵仰
ȷȻںӣںԼˣʧȥһеĻᣬҶ˵ʥеȨҲܴ۶λΪǱΥ´壬ʱһ£ȻȺַϡʱԼĽעá
ʱıӵǻ֮Լһ·һ
ȻմȨӵǻȻνסˣԼΪʵȨȴһʥʡԼȫסʥٽӺԼǻҲ˿ɵ
ӣȴһеĹؼڡ
֪ԥʲô𣿡Ҷһ߿׾һ߽һҵ
ҡ֪ҵһ֮ҲӦ
ȨסҶ˵ԲһߣһõĿܰˡΪһжΪ룿ˣǰ˸ǿޱȵô㣿ߣôлµ֣
ҵӿ죬̲סʼҡ
˽ϵĴţҶҵУһᣬ׳ʥ͢ʵʵȴ׳׾һ˵ʵ˶Ѿ׾ЧңǶ֮ʮǿʥߣҲͶ׾ȴһ
Ҳʥͳļ̳ˣΣ常ֻҡҵҧҧӦΪԼǣҲҪҷڵһλΪֻҳɹǻӵһУ
֮ûУҶ㺬ЦӦֻʮմȨ𣿲ᣬһ˶ȨΪʥˡͷʱ䳤ˣֱһУûκ˿ԿǣʱĩҲ͵ˡʱ취ܺ㣬Ȼռλȴ˷ˡ
ҵȻǺӣϾǻӣСŸֲͬѰĽҲԶʤһʮͯһɴ˸£ʼ˼
õİ취ھôӺҪǻšҶ˵šǻţ׾ͱΪء֮ԲΪСǰϧǰΣдһ죬ˣӱ˳ΪʥʣֻҪӻţ׾ͻὫΪ䱦֮
Ҷû˵ȥΪʱ׾Ѿͷã˵£һк
滨Ҷߣ̽ǱߵΧ
常֮԰ɡҵʱƺʲôģȻп־֮ɫҲһסǣǻᣬˣǾʲôҲûˣ
׾΢΢һ£ԼЩʲô֪Ҷ㷽ҵȻ˵ЩʲôҪĻʲô²
ֻԼоҵԼƺ֮ǰôˡ
ãҪʱ䡭׾˵
ûôġҶû˵Ҫô̰£Ҫôǰ˴ϵ֮ǰɱ˶ӣͬھ
׾һ
ȷڳ֮ʱѾԼĻˣʱȴҶѾ˱֮ģԼӦҶԼһҲˡ
常ҵڲдҵʲôҪѵ㲻𣿡
ã׾޺޵ҧҧڵ˵ͷ磬óԼӡţӡ֮ԽңԶǺΧӵľ´˳˵һɻѯ֮һߵĽ£ܿ쳷˾ӡ
֮ϣӾȵؿаΧԼľӳߣȴǲһġ
ʱѾҶĵش磬δӡȡȴֻǽԼ磬ӡ֮Уȡϵ
Ӻ;ߣ˵ҶѾס˶ӣЩв׾˶ǵΧҪץʱ䳷ȫش
ʲôһôܣ
ûʱ̾ˣߣߴš
ãһᣬæټӣٵ뿪˸ǡԶԶ뿪׾ɳľʥΧ֮ʱ֪ͨԼѾȫ˵Ϣͬʱʥķȫȥ
Ѿûˡһر磬Ҷ㱳˵
үҶ㵭һЦ
Ѿȥ˾ӣܸýӻ˰ɣ׾˵
ģҲʳ֮ˡҶ˵ҰΧ˵£ȴʱӻ㡣
㣡׾ۡ
ʱҶͻȻʥӵޣ͵شһ׾Ϊô£㱾ӦҪҵһ֮֮ϵĴ࣬ȴʳԷʣֻҵ˸ССľܷ㣿ҰԸô㲻ȡεǿߣͲ㳼ߣôңҶҪÿ
׾ȻΣ漴³һѪ
̫ȱˣ



636 ε
˵ЩҶȴҵ͵ŴӴȥõ֪һһһƴһ׽Ǵӻ飬Ҷ˳رҵԾ⡣
𣬽£׾ˣ˲ǵѪ͵׷˹ȥ
Ҷ棬ʱһӶսʿ߶ʹΧҶ΢΢һЦʥ񶼻׹ӳϣһ
ͬʱҵģǲ˺ģΪһ׾ʧȥȴһʱҳһţȴֳҪĽֻ֡Ҫúңұ֤İȫ
ҵôҲֻǸʮĺӣʱѾɫ԰ף˵ֻǲסͷ
Ҷһƻһ˳ȥͬһһݺݳǰ֮УʱλʥߺʮսʿֱӱúɳȥһƣһƬ׹ʱھ֮п˻ʮսʿð̣ҽŵڵϣס鴤
һսʿŻˣһʱȴ˸ҳȥ赲Ҷ㡣
ҶһҵһսʿͶȴҶֻ֣ۿҶΧȦ֮⡣
ɱ㣡ʱ׾ȴѾ׷˳͵һȡߵķƷһһһҶ˹
Ǽڿ͵һ֮£ûлϰȴһ̳ɢ׾һ
ôҲ벻ʵʵʥȻǼٵģаҶʥȻҶ˺Ҷ㡣
ʱ˵ӰԶϢҶ׷˹ȥҶ΢һüϳ׾ǰ˴
ӵʥ֮ʹһ˶ˣҲһȡʤһȴⱻסʱʥ͢и־ϵҪˣʱһһ֣סǣ
ãһͷһзϣƽʱʥƽס˼Ӱ죬δǰѾ仯̬ȴûκϳʥ
ʥʱַ˼˫֮䣬һװĽâŰ˴ȥ
ʥ֮Уϵʥܷ߱ųԶʹԶ̹ʥȴֲȱ֮ãʥ֮䣬ȴȫԶ˴ȥ
뷢𣬸԰γʥӭŽն
ʱҶȴҲȫֱ֣˫ֱŰ˻ȥȴͬʱɫһٴаԭͣסæӽȫֵ
һʱ䣬˵޴Ľƿնӭâ
һȻ˶ҡΣվȡھײ֮У̲סƺһҡźˣ³һѪһʱѪڣܶ֡
Ҫ֪ǿʥԶʥָʵʥ߿ȣ붯ǰֵܵסѾʵȺټĽâǲ˲Ź֣
Ҳʱһ֧ƿն˲仯˰ٵһ˻ʳеľӣٵ֮꣬սʿǾִУæֵһȺʱըȴֱըʮˣˡ
һʱ䣬Ӷɢ䣬ǽһء
ҶȴķȥڻʳһǽϼһֳżߵӢꡣ
ȴαװ֮õҶ֪ͨڻʳǸһȵ涯֣Ӧһͬ뿪ʱһ˱ʱתǽǣŶһɱȥ
󷽣̳ɢ׾һ׷ɱȴͻȻͣסΪ̳ɢĻʳſڣҵǽ
£׾һæ˹ȥҵס
û£û¡ҵ˰֣Ȼûվȣȴƿ׾
׾ȻҵͻȻö֮ƺһЩԶĸо
һͣȴָҶʱ䣬ֱλһ½ѩӰԻл˳ѩӰ͵ҡһ䣬ɾ޴ǣʥ֮ȥһٵ뿪˻ʳǣԽԽԶ
ˣûκ˿׷ˡ
һ·ɳۺͣͼ䣬ѩӰ뿪ʥĺģããǺ֮СҶʱȡһսѩӰС󣬴λһͬ˳ݳԶȥ
ʱŽԼժ¶ӢĿ
⡭ԭӰҲժߵȵ˵
ҶһЦʵǰ˻ʥʥ͢Ҷ㡣
أʵʥĿЦŽժ£ЦЦ
ԭһλ㰡Сһ졣лԼ̫ˣмǱŤʱ֪ԷҲŮɾԼʵСʮֿЦ
ȥҶ㡣
ĸ˵Ҷ˵ָǰз򡣡
áһͷȡӡţʱȡϵָҶһ·Զȥı֮һɫľ޴֮⡣
һ·֮ϣæӡ븸׽Ҷæżݳֻ£ֻ֮࣬ȴ̲סҶ֮ǰǸͨòȣһӢȴ̲סԼҲ֪Ϊʲô࿴ۡ
Ҷ㣿ͻȻ䣬ȴɵɴ۾Ժȴһ˵е
ԣûǽҶ㣡ǰ˻ʥ
ﲻɷų
ǵԼʱΧ˵ľ֮̾ǵõʱԼǳΪغһֻǲǴԽԽ͵Ӣۣʵ֮еˣô
ʲôڻܹʲôֻǱڤʥɱһʲôٳɹ˻ˣʲôһʵ˫
ڵʱЩǳϸôˡ
ʱȴҶ㣬˵еĴȴ֣˵Ҷ㱾˸дɫʣȣЩȴƺûп󣬶Ǿƽˡ
˱ȴ棡
Խô룬Խ
ʱϷʥѾȡϵȷ֮ʱսСҶݳһ·¶ȥ֮һĸǳأһǰ
һսΰһڽɱӭ˹һҶ㣬ʱع֣Ҷ̫Сʵǡʵûټ
ʲôҶһЦæסûʩҾ֮
ΰվҶʩһҶȴûü̧ͷг˸м֮ɫҶ㣬ȴ·ڿһλ˵еӢۡȭ˵վȫҶ̫֮СȻģ
ʵͬҵʱʾǣǿӲֶνǾ£鷳ȴҲֱʡˡҶ뿪Ц˵
СͿСͿ
үҲˡҶ˵һ֮ȴûаߣһƻƻĵļƻΪ˲֮УȴҲͶ֮˲ε֡ʱգӱǣǾ˱ԻһǺˣڵҵûʵ
ҷŶ˵ˡסͷҶ̫ȻţֲùʥʻĵؽԼΩһļ̳˽Ҷ̫鷳뽫ǵҲΪӰɣ
үȴǽסʹҲòˡҶ㲻Цˡ
ʦϣܵһݣΰǻ飬ҲҶӦʱڵأҶͷһҶ㲻ӦҲôӦˣȻһԼͷô£
ãһвŵĵҲǺ¡Ҷͷ
ΰʱ¶ϲɫ


637 
ºүһζΪҶʡ
Ȼ׾ѾצභҲÿˡһһڷ׾ߣټִ֧ߣ򣬹ͬԿ׾
Ҷ㻺ͷϸѯ뷨ޱȴԽޱǺ˹Զ봫ȴǼΪʥмҪ£ޱҶȻ֪æޱһ
ǱߵôˣЩ𣿡ޱЩ
ôˣҶæʡ
һλĿˡޱ˵
ĿˣҶһ
֮㻹Ȼһɡޱ˵Ǵ˭ҲǳҲһηĸо˵˵һִϢ
ϢҶԽԽȣæʣû˵⣿
ûСޱҡͷֻ˵Ҫ㣬ȻڰޱסʵĪ⣬ûе£˴ҲȥȥҲǰ취Ļ̵̻ġ
֪ˡҶһͷҪżȥߴңȻҪȥǴˣҲҪǿ񡣡
֪ޱ˵ͷ̲סһ䣺һôãûʲô°ɣ
ôңҶ㲻Цˡ
ǲޱһЦɣҵ㡣
˽˽ҶתεһЦǸһЩ±ȴʥˡǷģҰº󣬺ܿ
һЦ׾в֮ʱѰġ
ҶһͷԼһ˵ʱұǡ
á˵ͷΰһ͡Ҷ㣬¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫǼҶͬȥ֪ʱֵ֮ԼȴӦڸ߾ʹúܡ
˿ֿ˿Ҷ㣬ȴ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫֻȴȥĶȥĶȴɸҶһͬذ˻ʥ
˳սɳ۶ȥ֮Ҷõռ֮أֱӽռţһζ̾ĴԽ˽ʮδԽ֮ȴǻص˰˻ʥС
ͷһôԽռУۼòʱԽǺ·̣ɸֻ̾ҲֻŲֱʰɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦģһпһߣҪι硣ڣȸȥޱϼλˡ
ʱ·ϣҶѾ֮ҲɶӵϢȤʱͷȥ£һأ
ֱӽ밵ޱǣ˻ʳ֮УޱһҶҾϲڻʳ֮УһҶ㶼ӭȥһסҶߵȴ죬Ȼ鲻Խޱ
аٺ״սҶ˵ߵʱһʱͻһôŮԵ𣿡
úúôޱˡһߵ˵
ޱһ¡Ҷεɫе㲻ÿޱ֣ǰλʥŹ嫱Ͻʶѡ޴ȥҪҰæʥԾ͸һˡ
᣿ޱһö˶˵ȥȴӺôȴŪ
ġ֪˶˹ϵʱ¶ƵЦݶޱ˵ҶҪֱӽ˵ģȴðգҶֻüֶξˡ
ţ嫱֮½һ飬˵ҶͼӴףҶҾһҲ˷ܵشС
Ħȭƣ֪ҲȥͺˣǱᶨǴʹѽ
Ҳ̫СǾˡ˸һ֣ʱܽǽȳȴŪþһȦӡȦƵЧͦãҲš
֮ޱСһ¾˵̫࣬żЩ쵰㣬㱳żңǶϾǴʧһֺȥɣס£ļңÿģܰ㱨˳𣡶԰磿
ǡǡҶͷޱǴʧӿӣҡͷЦޱѾͷû취Ҿϲĵرںһ㣡
ںδЩҶŵû
ǧһɽ֮Сޱ˵˵ʥǣҪֻһǰȥ
ùһǵĵ̣һж˵㡣ǿɲþһȥðգҪȥһȥ
ɣ˰֣ü˵ӵдϢȴʵݣ¾һ룬ʥо֪ٴݻѾʧԭǿʥ
ͣҶĿһˣҪСӦǡǲҪԼȥ
ˣһСģ̲סѡ
޷ҶһŴѩӰһУϵļʥҲǺöԸġʲôԣһʥǵĵʲô˲ɣ
ûһ˷׷׵ͷ
ʥǣ۷ʲô£ǶҪ֣𣿡Ҷٶһ䡣
ף˵ͷ
Ҷ㽫ʥɢ˲串ޱǣɢһѯʣʱǧ֮һʥӿʥӦţҶʱ֪һѾӶȥƬ̼䵽һдʶĸߴɽ֮ۡ
ɽ֮ϣһӰ̤һ齣״ʯɽ֮ϡ߿յķ紵ֻĳͳ뷢ӭ
ʱһϮתһŴŲɣӱҶǰһͬɣǷ䲻ǷӢȴӲ˧ĸо
ˣҶ㣿
ڣһֵնɱĽ֮һɱ֮С
ǡҶ㱧ȭ֡ʸǺˣҪң
û˵ֻǿҶ㣬ͻȻɢһҶҶȫСʵ֮ȣȴԲһ
壿Ҷʡ
ϹȻҲϢ˿Ҷ㣬ͷҵĲ²ȴġ
˵ֱܷ˵ҶҡͷһЦôȴǷ˵һθڣɲǺϰߡ
Ǳʥ˺ôѾˡ˿Ҷ㣬һЦЦݣ򶨣һ߷緶
ǿ壬ǿ顣Ҷ˵¿żɽҪЩĵĶҶԻʧµݡ
˼ŹâҶȴоǲ۾ɵĹ⡣ɴˣȷƲ⣬ҲһǴġ
֪ҵж೤𣿡Ҷ㡣
֪Ҷҡͷ
ѻǧꡣ˵Ц
ǿǳ١ҶҲЦȴʵ𾪡
ԷûҪЦһġģǱʵˡʥҲãʥҲãٲǧ꣬һܻǧ꣬ʲô
ôǲ˵е壬ô


638 
֪Ϊ˵
֪Ҷҡͷ˵ֱ˵Ҫȥɡ
ҵֽ𡣡һ˵һǿʥҿ֪ĵһ¡֪ȫܣôҪսʤ˵
˵֮䣬ͻȻһǽ״ǾһǾұʱɶڿУݺҶȥ
˵־Ͷ֣ǰҲûУɷӦˣֻ¾Ҫֱұˡ
Ҷһȭ˹ȥ֮УǾ޴ʯֱӱ촷ۣɢ춼ǡ۷Ҳ赲λʥĸй٣ֱЩײһҶȭȴһ˹ȥ
𶯣ֹϢֱȥȻûӲƴ˼ɵһԣ̧ҶļһģʱƵһԡ
һģȫƺֻĸҶͷȴһ
һģȻȫް취㿪Էһ֮ԼѾˣ
ó汾𵭵˵Ҳͬκһ֡⣬
ȤҶЦЦֱӴ硣һ׹һзԾϣȴʹһʥ֮
۾͵һƺҶеʮ⡣ȴҶ˹˫ȻƵõõʥ֮Ҷˡ
ƷһʥؿҶҶ΢΢üֱӽһʥҲ׹ӳֵϣâ֮дһȴڿʼ
˵ȭڿкݺݵײһʱΧһɢǸߴɽȴܲס˵Ŀɽʯһɡ顢߽⣬˻˼ʮȭ֮ɽɽȴѾʧ
סɽɽеȫ˸ɾҲʣһֻһ񶷣ȴû꼰κ޹顣
ֻǻľȴù
ս֮еˣ۾ﶼ͸˾֮ɫ
Ҷû뵽ԼںʥȻ޷ѹס𣬶ԷʵֱǾ˵˼㣻ȴûϵʥ֮оȻǿˣȻܽʥΪӳԼϣԼƽ֡
ھ֮У˵ɫɶأҲ͡
һʱ䣬һâ绡ɢΧУ֮𶯷Բ֮أ޾ֵ룬·ĩһ㡣
һɽ壬ȴסôڣ֮ƴ֮»ȥһ룬ԭƵ׳ɽһص̨ӡ
ǿǿסͷ̾漴ͻȻ䱬һɸǿļ¡η壬ϡһƬƬһĹâȭͷһʱñʥҪӲײҶϡ
ʹʥҶȴǸоһҵʹ˫ͬʯһ㣬ʹ顣û֧ȥˡ
Ȼ֣Էʵѹʥֻ֮ǿ͸ʥ֮ԼϣˣԼ˫۲Żܵ˺
ֶ
üǿųȫŪڰܱ
УٲԥֱӵԭҰ֮нˮ۷ʮɳĽһڻ֮ɢһޱϢֱӰΧ
ʱ֮һͣҶһתΪƣֱȥ
Уʮɽһ̽צݺݵűϢΧץ˹ȥ΢΢ü͸ޱ֮ɫȫӿһϢ֮Ϣƿһȭн֮צȻˡ
ʱҶҲ˹˫ȭֱӴϣµǿߴһ±˳ȥֱײֻʣһСɽ֮Уֽɽײķѡ
һŭĺУȴʯ֮һԾ˳֮䣬һʥγצ֮ΣʯһҶ˹
Ҷ΢΢һ䣬ˮ֮аɳСηųǰ׽ʯײ˷飬Ҳһʥצס
Ҷһ㣬ڿ͵һһתĲ棬̧֮һʥֱӲ˹ȥסҶһʥҵƺһ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ɲ֮䣬ٷһ˫һʥػɡ
ҶкâӦѾ򿪡һֱֻľ¯ֱȡ˲仯ɸߵĴ¯͵ȥС
ǰһھ¯ϣ¯Ͼʱͬʱſ棬ҵĻȶе
ɹֽһȻ֮Ҳͦס͵һҪ¯
¯ڣҶһƴ˹޴ֱӽֺ¯УſһѪȴֱӱˡ
ŭţɢһȻǿµ¯Ҳ˳ֱ˺塣¯ڵĸȴҲ£оٹԼֻҪĿȫֻٷȫԾ
ҶһһֱӺȴֽ䵽¯ס
»ǲϺú˵𣿡Ҷ㵭Ц¯ڣ溰ǲԸҽ̸ôǾͻַʽ˵ɡһ䣬һ䣬ȫˣұ㽫ų֤˾ǡΣ
Сӣ
һ֮У֮Ƶ·ʱɢǿһӨĹâȫӿȴ·һööƬͻȻ֮ϣʱһʮɳˮ͵һ±˾¯
һΣȴһأҶȻΪԾһҲǻ֮ȴûܽ£ֻۿ𣬷ڿС
æ˾¯һ֮䣬һСһˮ˹һ½ס
ȻζԷȴ̫࣬Ȼȫ֣ˮУצռѺۣתۼͻ˶ʮСʣµЩǽΧ˸겻͸ʱҶ˫һæң
Ҷʱ㳤һҡͷһЦΣҼʥ紿Ľ󣬼Լ֮Ʋס㣬ʥ˿Ͱ׵ˣ
Ȼѹס𣬵ҶҪȡʤȴǲסɴһݣѺħҲȡ˳ּͽڤʥʥһͬ˳շһ˹ȥ
ԳԳͭޣҶֻΪԳͭס֮ʥޣȴ̫ʱҶֻһŭ֮³֣ƻԳǿҪԳͭģԲû
ֻͨǵʥҲͬСɣһʱҶȴĵֵסڲʵŭУǱʮСסݺݳһβͣžͱڤʥųһһʱԺհס
Ȼʥһ𵴲˦˳ֱȫˮ֮ɢݺݵˤ䷲
ʥȫŽ⣬Χɽȴʱţɽʯ飬Ľʯȫʥߣһ˻һˤڵϵݺȥ
һʱ䣬ˮƬɢſһѪ
֣ͣͣˣڴ䡣


639 
ǸǱǸҶ㳤һĽջڣҲֻħū
ΪʥûзŻ֮УԱϡϾһʵ̫ǿˣҶûһʩܻܿᱻоʹˡ
ȫôСģΪǴƵĺġ̾˿һˮƬڶڣָΣ˿ʯͷ˼Ѫĭ֮㿪ʼ
Ǹ֮ǰûҶ˵ҷҲǹҪ㣬Ϊ̫ȴ޷
ףҵġҶ㣬ȻЦѹ֣ѹ֣
ҶҲ׷ˣԼҲ˿ʯͷߵȻ˵
֮ǰҾѾ֪õ֮Ҷ˵ƽˣڿ֮ʱõҵİһСȴ֮УһͨĿռšȻʱұԾ֮ӡûʧǰʱҸӦ˴򿪣ϸ֮²֪ɵĺ¡
εģҶ̲סʡ
ѵֱȥʻñܡ
ҿֱӴŻеʱʥ̬˵ǱϾʥĶ
壿Ҷʡ
ǵġ𻺻ͷԼǧǰڴ˶Ѿ֮ʣĸ嶼Ϊʡ
Ҷ㿴ȴһӳһ亹
⡭̫ˣ
û뵽֮ȻһԼ⸱СЩ˿ֻѾŭȻضһأʱҶҲֻתˡ
ʰ
ҶεЦЦû뵽
һʼݣ㻹ҶȫҴ𣿡ʡ
ҶЦҡͷǷˣ
ҲŲ˵Ц뿴㾿ж£֪ΪܴŻõˣǸһļһش˵Ĵڡһжɺϣڤڤе⡣
Ҳ⣿Ҷʡ
ȻͷԽǶ˵ĴڣʵԽֻЩС޼ʶߣŲ֪ߵغΪʲô˶ʤ졣Ȱˮĳһҿ˵ʲô˶ʤ죡
Ҷ㿴Цӻ
˿ʣǲ֣ôô
ӦͰɡҶЦ
ûҲЦʵ˵ʵҲܽ͵ʥʱҲû뵽һôãһͻǧ꣬ȴԼҲһΪʵеҲһ㣬ǧ꣬ûǧϸĥȴһΪܵʥӰ֮ҵŷı仯
ΪʥӰ죿Ҷһ
ڿֻôˡͷȻֻЧΪл飬ǸҲʱʥ磬ȴˡ
嶼ЧҶʡЩţ̲ס뵽һּµĿܡ
Ҷ仯ЦˣˣҲѾϵ˰ɣ
Ҷû˵ֻǿ˵
֮ǰ廹һϵ˵ҳ֮һǧ꣬ʱȴ̲סϢ͸¶ǡҲΪ𾪣ΪȷټӵʱͨҲѾʧȴҲûʲôٶ֪ΪʲôȴʼʥܴԳ˴дͨͨʥ֮ơ
ǶǾ۷֮Ϲ˵ĸ߹顣Ҷ̲ס˵ҲȻҪķʹԼΪΩһס
ˡ̾˿ǻὫе塢壬Լūͬһ㡣
ҶӲһ
뿪ɡ̾ҲϲͳԦֻԼ䱦ǳҲ뿪룬ôҲᣬҲŻǱ磬ǵĺһֱϵҲˣй¶һܡ
̾һֵ̾úڼˡ
ǻ᲻Ķ֣Ҷеʡ
ᣡ϶ص˵ͷѾǧˣܻãҲδ֪֮ǧѾǼޣҲȵĳһĺôһõ
ôսҪʼˡҶü
ȻͷȻ࣬ȴ磬ʱԵǿĸսʿֻͨͨ¡
ҡͷ̾ҲҪúһˡ
ΪҪ£Ҷʡ
ס̫ãѾﵱļҡЦһҶһƬǺżĸ飬µĸ壬ҲĹذΪеˣҿųġ𣿡
ҿ⡣Ҷ˵ͷ
֮㣬Ϊӵ֮˵ÿһŶһŻģҪˣҪôһԵ֡±һֻȻƵҲʥоݻѾûѪͳʥҲ塣Ե֡㻳СȻǣҲϢҲԵ֡ΪԵ֣ʹܵõŻеҲǰ׸ġ
ʲô˼Ҷһ鲻Խ˯еѩӰһ׷ʡ
ȡȻ֡˵ûжȡǿΪΪʲôķ𣿡
ֶ֮Ըʥ磿Ҷһü
صͷҪʥһ¿ӣһӡǱͨ磬մͨͨʥ֮У
ұǿռеһˣҶһ
˼˵ͷڣʥбԶһ֮һٲŬʹ֮һôͨҲͽˣǾͿԴ򿪿ռ֮ţ֡
أҶԥƬ̣صʵ
һһ֮⣿ס
кβɣҶһЦһ࣬һ١һһ˵İ̫ˣ
жǿߣȡᡣ̾һףΪһ壬ȻнճɾͣܳؼˡĵµĶҲ˳ӦʹĽ֮ͬһ㡪赲
˶٣ҶһЦҲǲɵģĻ֮ʧȥԼȴҵرֻʹǸ׵شޡ
ȻҶȻ
ĿģҪһи֮㡣˵ǿѹס֮ȡ֮ΪãʹԷʹչһˣʥɱ
ˡҶ㻺ͷȴҡͷһ̾µ֪࣬ȴɺڡ֪Ҳ΢Żˡ
㣬ҲǱˡ˵ϳ˵Ҳ٣ǻñѾͷһ΢Ż˵ʲôʱҲܷ֮ʱܷõƣδ֪֮ˡ
ڣֻѹֹ֮𣿡Ҷʡ
ȻɡҡͷǱŽǿزųɡҪͨôͨͨѣͨüͨͨȴס˹ʥ֮Ӧϣһôͨ״ҪϷأܸһɳ֮
Ҷ˵ˣҾ֣ӽԺ󣬱عʥ͢ڣҹͬͳΣΣ


640 Ϣ뻵Ϣ
ȻǺ¡Ҷ㻺ͷʵ˵Դµȴϲ
ΪһУȴǽԵĻ֮ϡ֪һǿȫȥһʱ¼ֹԼֻ֣Ҳһܷסͨ
γ״£ĻҲҶ㣬׳ͬˡ
˵鶼ʮֳء
дССмʮ塣˵ЩеǿԱ仯ᣬеֻʥޡ֮УһЩΪǿʥȺ㲻ȴǸ£ҲӲǿǡҿԱ֤֮ʱһҪЩȫ֧㣬Ӧģв£Ҳ֧Ԯҡ
һġҶ㻺ͷ
ʵ̫˵ȻߵǾ·ߣ㣬ȴԼķչ׳˵ǵõ˶֧֣ûʲô壬ΪһȺһֻܴ˳̣װ׳ƻԣҪǳ
ҵȻ֪ҶЦһܴĶѾңȴҲֻʮսʿװװˡ
һʮʹáһھǶʮ֮ȴҶһ
ôࣿҶһϲ뿪ЦʣСɣ
ޣһۣС屾õó˼Ҫʻ˼أʮһȫǿ壬һ㡪ʥĽҲ㣬ΪµѾˣһЫǧʥߣ㹻ʹáȱǱҸҲֻǱ
ɡҶͷ΢Ц
ϱ˻ʥ͢ΪĹȥַ͡˵õķԽ࣬λԽߣǵҲԽð졣
֮أҶʡ
ܣ֮һ˰ɡ̾˿һԽԽáֻǡֻмҪ㡭
һʱŤƺ¼˼˵
Ҷ֮ȴһ뵽ˣ˵֮°ɣ
εص˵ͷȻҲܶң͸¶֮£ҲģƶҪʥ硣
̫ࡣҶ˵һλƯ̲סھ̾˫ȻھӾͶаȥ˼ҹˣѵ˻㲻ɣ
ȷ泩ЦмسҶ˵ͷ
ٴ´Ҷ㣬Ȼֱӷȥֻһ֮ǶʮҾͻɹֻҪźǵʳסбǡµĻ磡
ˡҶ㹰˹֣ҲӦ
һص˻ʳ֮УһʱΧĺʡ
ǳˡҶ˵һϢһϢҪһ
̫˰ɣ죬ֱ˵͵ˡ
ϢɡʱͻȻڣȻ˵ϢĻϢ̫֮ϢҲûи˵ˣӦϢȸһ˵
뷨⡣ɵ˵ͷеǾϢɡ
ɡɣһ˸ŵͷɶУͿ˵ɣ
Ϣǲһһ䣬öԴԺ˰˻ʥͼʥ͢ƳӦҹͬս£ҲæһǶʮǿ˾ӡ
Ҷһ˵Щ˶֮Уκһ𻶺ĺ°
ǼһɣʱʡӦ˼ϢȻ
ûҶͷΪ֮ΪʡǧǰѾǧˡ
ô˶һޱ̲סʡ
Ҫ͵˵˵ϢˡҶ˵Ҳʥ˼൱ֻʥȴԼʥ֮Ӱ죬ȴδͬˣȴ죬õȷеϢѾͨͨʥ硣
֣˳һ
˵弫ΪԴ֮ԼΪͳԦ֮ȴֱūۡҶ˵Ľʥ磬ȴǱһƽ١ˣŻңҪ֣ͬ塣
ţ΢ŻԼ֮£Ҳһһ˵
˲ɶñء
ĺȣȴһٽֵĻѳʥʥ磬ŽһҲһȡʤο֮Ϊжأ
һס̲ͨס˵Ȼͨ󿪵ĻǸֹһ
ûҶͷǵ֮
縸ʣҲü˵ʥһҪȫ֧ʦʦһУ
ͽܣҶ͵ĶƵСԴѶֵùǺ
ˣ֮ǰֻ£ȴû㱨ʱһԴһҪ¡ʥǱѾ˼ʮλʥ߹æʥԺʯһǱ˰ޱߣڼӽ裬аңʥԺͿԽɣʱʥʱ֮߹ĪҲѾΪںһҲΪԺԺˣʹ˵ӡŵʥҪڷԺʽ֮ʱٷ㡭
áҶһͷԲ֮µûʲôоֻǾʥԺ֮£ȴǵ֮սڼ˲Ųʤ֮
һ֮ޱһͬϸʥֱ¡
ҶԼеɱ˵ޱĴְ֮ҲûȥֱӱһʥʥԱޱ㼱æʩʰ̬ȴȼ˴Ҫޱʱ⣬ףϸ֮Ӱ졣
Ϊһڴϣ˵˵ϸޱ˿ҶǸΪޱһŭѪ岽ģ˶ʥɱϣʲôɱģ
ȴûһ˸Ҷޱ
ŵģޱ̲סҶ㿪Ц
ҶֻһЦڵûô鿪Цֻ˼εǿ֮¡
£¼ʣʥǱˣ
áҶһͷԼμӱᣬ׾֮Ƶ½һ顣²ЦҲŰɣЧȴֱӪȴҪõöࡣΪμŻʥԺ֮£ûҪ
ġҶְ֮¶˵ˣµɫʱһ䡣
ˣ鲻Խһ飬Ҷ֣صͷɫøΪأҶߡ
±뼰ʥ˵
Ҷ㣬ҵ˴˵󣬴Ҳޱȣһֱ뿪ʥ˻ʥ͢ʳǣʥʻĳɳ
֪Ѿȫع˻ʥͼĳɳֵúϲ£죬˵֮ʱĳɳǾúϲ£졣
£ĳɳüʥ˵ȴֲͷȴ¡ΪǷǿһ£Ƿܴͨͨɱһ¡֮ͨʣκʥֻᵣģٴһŽһ¡˵ˣǣ۾ĵȴħʥ֮ս¡ǵ֣֮ȴֻǽвѡ
˶٣Ҷ˵㣬Σոǽ˲󹦣ǹֻƾһ㣬ޱְΪƽƽľ֮ס


641 ħϮ
л¡Ҷص˵ͷüͷ
ȻΪԭͳξֻºѡĳɳ˵ħʥĴսڼʣҲܽȨ㡣һְλȼˣҪþѹ޿ˡ
֪ʥټʱڡҶ˵Ҳƫһ磬ֻûκΣյħʥĴսһΪʥһġ
㣬ˣĳɳ۾ʱ
һλʦæӵװһȼǶս˵ȴǼ
ȻҶ˵ǰ˻ʥˣʥȻҪӭѶϡֻս֮󣬱ҲҪһ¶Ըˡ
սʤ˻ʥ֮еĵλĳɳ˵ʱǶԻҲмֵἰ֮£Ҳӡԣսȴǹؼ
ʥҲȫ֧ʥ͢ʱҲ̬һսǰ˻ʥһս¹شʤʥȼϣʥڼǰˣǱѩϼ˪ĽӻɢϷʥ㽫ɶ֡
ĳɳؿ˿һۣͷһսޱȡʤ
ʱȴͻȻʥ̹ٻŻŵ˽ײײһ·ĳɳǰһϱڵأŵ£ǰ˼
ĳɳĿһҲ͵һա
ħʥٱҪؾȫ׼ȴȴȫû̹ر
ʲôһ˲ĳɳ۾ˡǰ߲Ѿó׼ôܻᷢ£
ǰļ˵ħӲûֱӽ뱾ĵشƵʥĻűӷҪϮ̹ټæ
ټʥ͢سĳɳǺ
̹ȥ󣬻ĳɳ˵ħʥ޲ɱѪɺӣζԵҪؾ
£սҶŴϢҲŭޱȣȭǰ
һ͵ϮȻ֣ȴҲ㲻ʤĳɳҶ㣬˵㣬ȴǵĵһսһսĳɹϵش޽㾡ȫҪȫң
ǣҶصͷ
ʥҲȫ̬һҪһսشħӣ
֮ȺƼʥ͢ʳǴ֮УۼʥĴڵϣһڳȴʱ֪ءһϢͨߣȴѾ֪ʲôһɫҲء
ҶվԣڳȺĿѸٵͣߵϡ
һλݵߣȻݣ˼ͦΣɫȻһ˫۾ȴһֱž⣬˭ǿǹ⿴þˣȴӰЩʧ񣬶һֱɢһ˸оϢϢ
һֳۣŴ֮λʥ壬ǰ˻ʥ곯ҰĴ࣬־
ʱ־ĿҲҶϣһ˿ײĵ⣬ҶߣĿҶĿײɲǣʱһĺɱ⡣
Ҷȴǳͷ΢Ц·Ǽһһ㡣
˾ҶˡȺ֮Уʱ־СԽԽˣʵӦɱһɱ硣
һ֮𣡡ڳУһλĳԱ־Ҳȥ
־΢΢üûлӦκˣʥһ֮أȴܾ⡣
λʱĳɳڱ֮ϻڣԳʱվãĻ
޸յõһجġĳɳ˵ħӾȻƹʥҾʥҪϮҪʿһȫΪħ
£Ⱥһ۷׷סеıʾȣеıʾɣеŭҪ
һҪġĳɳ˵ħд˲֮٣ȴ˵Ǿ뱾ս˵ǸΪ壡
һڴʱͷӦ
¡ʱ־һ񣬻ڡϳܣȻħʥƵ𴦣ԼΣϳҲΡʥħʥħҪĽҲǳ飬ֻϳû뵽ϳ𷣡
ڲ˵ʱ򡣡ĳɳһ֣ħӼȻѾ֣Ǳ㲻ٵȴˡҪ̼
ɣ־ʱһǰһӣ£ʷ֮߶ƹ²һʱ֮˵Ȧסħ˵뼤ŭ£ʹа
Ǵ˼أĳɳʡ
ļʥгѾõӢ־˵ϳΪԵһ˧ְ֮챾ӣشħӣ
һʥĳɳһüѵʥ֮͢бû˲𣿡
ҶȴɰһϼһʥֵΣ֮ʣ˼άʥ棬ȴųûƾԼˣǸ࣡
Ȼǡ־˵ֻѡ˲ţӦһ񡣿ϳƼȴ⡣
ĳɳ˵
һһλʥӳ˱֮ģ֮¾׷ҴɣױܣʥΪ˧ʹܣҲڶʥ͢ӣʱ˵Ҳֻ˵˻ʥһܸħʥ򣬶ǰ˻ʥˡ־˵
һɺԣҶȴ̲סɷһվ˳
󵨣־˵λ󳼱ʱվָҶȣʲôˣڱǰȺ֮˷ɷ𣿡
ұ죡Ҷתͷһȣһڴ֮𵴣ȴЩˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ôĵӰˣλĴЦһǰڱǰִָ˭Ȩ֪ΪѾ𣿡
ЦˣҵҪһʴ࣬Ҿδʦȶ϶ҾذܣȴǲҾĵ
ֻһֿܶѡ־˵ϷΪȺ֮ףΪ¸֮ˣȻҪܵ²һ˿©Ҫ룬ٳô˲һʧսǴ£òȫ濼ǡ
һսǴ¡ҶһЦȻսǴ£ΪȴҪΣ֮ʣһƽʱûָӹӣûϰûսɳʥΪ˧ȻǴ£ΪβıҾսܣӦβȣֹħӽһ֣ȴֻ⣿ѵϹȥˣǱ㲻ٵħӼ𣿡
һֵͬ־Ҫ֮ϣȴɫʱһ䡣
ݺݷҶ㣬аԷݣҶ㣬ȻǸ֮ǰһΪֻƾнգԭĳǸҲ˵ãȥֻҽҲûаӹˣ
ĴϵĻĳɳ䲻ɫȴѲµҶѾǵ˻ĳɳأ۾һת֮ʱҶ㵭һЦôҶ֮أŶԣϷǵΪʥ֮жɱˣѾΪˡ
ɫͻȻһһˣôʸʥ֮͢ҵʥ£˭Ȩ
Ŀ磬¡
Ҫʱˡ¿־΢΢һЦ
ġ˵ȻΪˣֱʥٻءʥؽʥԺίΪԺԺȴʥˡң˴õһشϢԸڱ֮ϯ͢ġ
ĳɳͷˣ޻Ҫһ£


642 
Ⱥԣ˻ĳɳֻ˵Ҷһ֮δʥ͢Ҫһ˿Ԯ֮£ȴոʹ֮õһƬǺ¹ʥͼ˴󹦣ʵֵͣսҽ֮ʣҶͦԸΪʥ͢ˣ޾һֱȱĽ֮λҶ㣡
һڽԻȻ־ɫʱüΪѿ
ȴޱ𺳡Ҫ֪֮ǿȫ˻ʥ͢һ̣͵֮򣬹֮Ҷ֮ʱֻõƾԼһߵ񣬽أѾ漣ոȴʵ˸е
֪⽫ְλһֱţΪʥҲǿһλȨֶʱʥͻȻҶΪҪѹ˼Ѿǳˡ
£˼һλʱվܾѾãһģγĬҪ˹ҲӦս½֮Ϊ׵ֵ˴ս֮ʣͻȻܣֻĸҶ㲢ϤһӦ񣬻ƽʱҲ޷ϤսʱȴǴɰ
˿ǣȻбµ⡣־ʱȴڷҵȴӦɱµжҶ֮ܣȴʺڴ˴ս֮ʷá
˵ţŻĳɳһ֣ϳȫֱ֧µľҶոǲ֮ô˽
ãĳɳһͷ޾ҶΪ
л£Ҷǰһʥ֮񣬵ϥ£ĳɳһּһ磬ȡһʥӡţһʥ̹٣̹ٴҶ㣬Ҷ֮󣬴Լ֮Уٴγл
£ʵǷϳΪ˴δսɽֱΪ˧ħһĽѵ־ֽԡ
⣡ĳɳһͷǾôˣҶ㼴̼ʮħϮؽħӸ޸ϳ˻ʥȥ
ּҶ㹰Ϊ
ؽ쿪ʤɹ־Ҷ㹰˹֣ļЦ̺֮һɱ
һҶ򶨴ݵЦݡ
ȺУȴӿ˸ֲ²⡣Ϊ˻ʥ͢ڶֻԽҪʼֻȷѪ꽵֮Ѳӡ
㣬ģʥȫ֧㡣Ҷ˵ȻûоӣȴдѵʥߣһλʥսΣ
лҶмص˵ͷ
㣬棬ȥûнӴûйϵĳɳ˵㽫ְ֮Ǿ֮ȫսʿͳ죬ȻȫȨþκ񡣳֮⣬ն֮Ȩκ˸ﰵ㣬㾡ܴþǣ
л£ҶһЦһûʲôĵˣ
̿ʼԽԽãĳɳֱɼжཹ
£սǰ׼ҪġҶ˵׼Խǳ֣ʤԽԡ
־ʱͻȻڣħʥľȻ˱ȴڱ߽ͻʱ򻹽ʲô׼׼ˣħľֻѾʥ͢ˣʱýӳ𣿡

ʱһȺ󳼸塣
Ҷ㲻΢΢üҪĳɳȴѾڣ㣬֪ΪһлϤҪʱ䣬һ˵òȴѾȲˣһǰչսһսǳʱԽ̣ʧԽС֮Խ󰡣
ǣҶĳɳҲ뷨֪Լټ֣ȴֻҪʥʲҲֻܴӦ
ڣԼصãӦԼĶʮǿ˾ţֻƾԸħԾҶҲһա
ټʥ֧Լʥߣʥ͢ʮԼʤǿǼˡ
ֻ׼Ļֻʮܸߡ
ɡµҶҲֻô롣
ԼıȻ׵£ʥ͢ӣȴôˡҶ֮͢㼯˾󳼣˻ʳ֮ľ֮С
عʥΪĶԾȫİҶ㣬һΪ
˻ʥñһаλʮλϽפ⣬ʱʥ֮͢еֻλλϽս֮£ϽҲ˵ϻֻţλҶ˽ʥˡ
λһߴ䣬һȳơߴƽȥͦҺӣ̸ֻ˼䣬Ҷ㷢һԲСĽˡˣûʲô˵λʵףԼҲرϧΩֳһ
һи³ҶȻҲ񣬵۾ȴ͸һ˿м࣬һָ߰ƺôλˣ඼żļһһʥ֮ȴڴǰ
ҶҲǆ£Ҫǽи߹ٶټֱ˵ϱô˵ģҲˡҵҪܼ򵥡Ҹʱӣһٴһһֱ֮ӹʧݵҪ
ǡǡǣƽֻһͷһȫԸ
ֻ²ס³ϸҡͷ˵šʥǱǿʢĴ򣬱һſھ˵ʮɣǵЩȥ˵ʥ֮аɣؾһʮ򣬼Ҫάʥ͢Ҫʥʻʳǣܳʮˡӣפķķǻ񣬽Ҳǲ֪һľӣðɡ
عʥľӣɳһ֡Ҷ˵ʥĻӱڱ֮УʥǿսһֱȴԵж٣
ƽ˸³һۣȶԷڡ
Ҳһľӡ³˵ǱߵؾһҲиʮӣʮѾܶˣһҲǶʮ򣬻һء
ôħʥжپϮҶʡ
ǰߵűʮ³˵
ʮҲ¡Ҷ㻺ͷֻҪܼʮˣҿٵʮҲһʮ൱ռݵƣħָտơ
ҵĽ³ЦһѾ˵úˣǸϲʮ
Ҷ俴Ÿ³³ȴΪֻͷһνذŪһΣƺȫѾ·ϡ
ʱҶȴŵһλƺлҪ˵ֲңһͨ죬ƺҵ˼붷֪Լ˵˵Ҷʱһ֣ʲô֣
дʣٰݴ󽫾ְ֮˾ִٲվ˵
󽫾ҿƺлҪ˵Ҷʡ
ǡǵġʵ˵ͷ˿ˣȻƺ˹ſ˵ǸǸȥһֱʮ֮ڣġȻѾոͲ˷ⲿֱˡʮˣʱʮˣȴʥҪĻʮء
ʱ³ڲһȻ·²ؼһ㣬һüͷǿޱȣʥ޸ʥ˿Եֵ˵ʥ͢泷ЩؾһЩͻȻˮɱʥ͢ô죿ʱ󽫾𣿡
ǺŲ֪ôӦźãҲ֪»ǼվźãӼΡ
ҶȴȤ˸³
ǰ̬ȵı仯һʲôԭ


643 ĸʼ
ʴ󽫾Ҷƽһ˿ʵΪͻȻ㼤˵ʱܷˮ˼ǱĴ󹦣ȫٵ𣿡
¿ɲ˵³΢һֻ˱Ұɲ
ôͱʮؾˡҶ˵ʣµĶʮ˵ôʮ
ʮֻǱ㡣³˵˹Ѿǲˡʣµ½Դ߹صش
󵨣Ҷ͵һӣһ³˼˵շȴȵ򻹸ΣΣڮٱĹͣӳˣǺξģ
ˣ³Ȼη壬Ҷ˵뱾ǧûκս£ȴַ磬ĸΣջ˵
ˡʱһֱһĬȴͻȻڡʮؾصλú󷽣Ǹʼҵļ𣿡
ԭˡҶ㿴Ÿ³Цԭʴ󽫾ΪԼ濼ǡ
˭ҵĳ粢޹ϵ³ɫһ䣬Ұδѱرѹƣ
ʵʱվ˵ʵＸȴһֱûʲôս£ΪҲ֪Ǵ֮أȴҵ¡Ѿ˳͸ܻսˡΪʮؾҲѾ㹻ˡ
㶮ƨһ¸³ͼŴʺؾܳ˾ҰޣָԼ
Ҷ㿴Ÿ³һЦ³˴δսȴʥ͢㲻ŽǣҪڳˣͼֻǺξģ
ҡ³һʱƿԡ
Σ߲趼Ǳҹʶ˹˳㣬㲻ƴٲټ裬ǰŹ˳ǿߣſܾٴ췴˹˳ͶҶ㣬ʥʶϿ˵£³ʱȴһٳˣȴǹڽơ
һ
˲ţؾ£³ٱֱߺߵ˵
Ѿ˳Ұ˻ʥ͢һԼ˶Լ˻Ҫϼӷ𣿡Ҷ˵Ҿطѵһ裿Ϊʥ͢󽫾ʥ֮㲻˼ȫȣȴˮάԼʱȴޱȣĴ󽫾ʥ֮༸ֻʥҪˣ
Ҷ㣬Ϊ˽֮λǸˣ³Ҷ˵üˣȻݣָҶΪСү֮£ʹ㻹ֻһ鷲ˣû֮ʱСүѾǾߵͳ˧ˣʲôҲڴ˶СүСУ
Ϊڴս֮ʱҡģֳϼҶ㿴ֻһЦ
³һЦҵҪǷҶСүһëʼʲôʥ壬Ҳкúôǿʥڰ˴ʥ֮һλеĵĴ壡
ˣ¡Ҷ㲢ֻƽػ˵
ΧĽҲãսʿҲãȴ¶Ϊ֮ɫһ˸Ҷ
ң³ЦţҶ㣬Ϊ˽ܺ£ЩһֱСүĿ֮£һλǾùģָʹǣΣ
ƽʱæվЦ뵱У³һѾͽƵõλϣҶʽؽе°ûӡ
ҶվĿ⻷ң΢΢һЦʴ󽫾ôĹĿϼҴӽ쵽ڣֻ֪иʴ󽫾ȴ֪нҲ֪ʥ֮ڻпͳǵ˰ɣ
仰˲ãǾ͵˵³ӵأģ±ʥʵһˣȴ˵ı֮ˡ
ϧ³ͷϣȴûһΣ˻ʥĽʿ˸ҲСү֮СүҪǲκ˶Ƕ
ôӣҶһ㾹ȻҽʥҲı֮ȻңɱɣʥϺڣʥϺڣ
⻰һڣ³ʱʹ˸£ϸһ룬ȴ֪ԼҶȦף뷴ȴѾˡ
Ҷ֪£Լȴָʹκˣһųһʥһ±Ÿ³ȥ
³û뵽Ҷ˵־Ͷ֣⧲֮£ոüʥѾʥ˸ʵ޴֮£ʹشһˤ˵ϣţҶ㣬ңҸʼҾŹ㣬ҲŹ㣡
Ĺ֮ף佫ȴȫܹߣΩʥʶѡҶʵȴڿἰ࣬ѵȨƱʥʻҪй֮Ȩҿ๴ᣬȴʥʷ֮ȻղɱζԵʥʴҵĴȨڽģһ¶⣿
ң³С
㣬Żһ¾ˡʱȴһʼȷʵǴʥ壬ʵǿڳҰм඼ֻǼ£
ΣҶӦɱҽ֮ȴͳڡĲ룬ܾʹָǣˣܴȡʤ
кβңŸ³˵ұ㴦ҿ˭ң
ɰƽŻˣһӺƴؽ
Ҷȴǣһڽ쾪㵵Ŀ֮У͵һʥҵ³ʱһҵĴУشţҶ㣬ɱңҸʼұȡ
Ƭ֮ȴѾȫԡѪҵʹҲвҲٹŴɴ۾Ҷ㣬ȴ˿֮ɫס֡´ˡ
ƽæеȻѾ֪ͲҪɱ˰ɣ
ﲻ⡣Ҷ˵ߣͬ
ס֣ʱһӰͻȻײ˾֮ţӹĿ࣬һ˫дɱĺ⣬һ͵һҶȥһʥշ裬ݻΪش֮ΣҶͷȥ
Ҷ㵱һȭӭ˹ȥȫһ֮£ԷȭƴӰʱ飬Ҳƺһ÷˳ȥֱˤڴϡ
Ҳ˵ãڵһҪҶƽۼ⣬ʱȥ˵סУʴ³ç
ʱҶſˣȴһλͷĽ׳ߣò³мƣȻһˡ
㣬ѵһ³ҲˣҪټȥˡλǸͤǸʼҼ¸磬ҲǸʼҵڶ³ǸʼҼ֮ӣλͷһҲ͹ˡ
ʦǸˡҶһʱסͤʵͤ㣬ھְ񣿡
ҶģֶҸʼҶ㣡ͤһƿƽҶ
ְδԴ뱾Ŀ޾ͣõְôҶ˵
˵һȣһʥŸͤȥ
ͤҲȻһ͵ػȭӰʥȥһ½ʥһԣ˷Ҷ
ʼ˶Ŀ޷͵𣿡ҶЦһ̧֮һħٴ󣬽ͤС漴ٻַų밵ͼħٴ֮УϱըøͤѪɳȥ
Ҷһ֣ʥʱ˹һ½ͤסڵϡ


644 
һǶײϼ֮Ȼһôʥ߶Ҷ䣬ͬʱĿڳһڽ졢սʿǲΥܸʼȣȴݲǵٷģ
˵֮䣬һʥͬʱ˶ҽ֮ĸ³ͦܲסۿҪֵʥ֮Ҫ𻯳ɳ
㣬ˣ½վֱֲӴҶǰ׹磬ֻ
ҶҲȴһҪɱ
ʱһߺʥʼݵ
˶һæ˵һԣáƬ֮䣬ĳɳѾҴҴ󲽶룬ȴһ˦󣬼֮СȺʱĳɳ񣬻ĳɳȴһ֣üҶǰһָˣô£
¡Ҷһ֡֯飬׼ӵֵħʥ֮³ȴӣҾġſڴ࣬տڴ࣬ȫκ˷ʿȣֻһ֮սڼʿȴδսȰܡˣҪ³֮ͤھս֮ʣȴƻţӲ룬Ҫֻɱ£Ҫ
ǺôĵӣĳɳѪĶˣһ³ҶĽʥнʿͳ˧Ҳͤ޾ְȴôҪأ֪
ˣ³е
ˣͤҲæͷĿҶ㣬ݺݶҲҶΪ˰һС±Ҫθ³Ųòˣ
з£ô֪ҶĿһ
ʱв˱ɫ԰׵صͷȻֶΣ鷢֮±㰵֪ͨ˸ͤ
ĳɳô쵽ȻҲǽӵĳ˵֪ͨ
̫ˣĳɳһƷʵȴҶĻͷŸͤ˵ͤǸʼйʥƽȴҲ߿һۣǾȻ޵ĶΪֱˣͤѺΣҪȹһ˵³ҲһͬѺ£һã
ǣĽʿǿɲҲӦʥ֮æͷ
³һҶȴһüŻĳɳȭһ񣺡£о֮ǰڽʿ˧֮սкν
㣬ҲûôءĳɳҶһЦ˰֡Ȼﲻȹһ꣬ҲǸڹĻ
֮ǰԶҡģɿ˧Կ˧ηڣٿս֮ʣⴳ룬ƾһ˽ԹҪɱ˧ʥ͢ɷιˣҶϣȴһˡ
㣡ĳɳһüû˵ȴҶһͷǷ֪ʼʥ֮ڵĴ壿һǻüңڶǴ־һ壬ңıʼңüƴ󲻿ɿأ־һˣһʼȴһֱȡĶɱǼ֮֮֡ӣǾ𣿡
¡Ҷഫȥһ³ڿ࡯Ͷϴ֮Ȼңʲô룿㲻ˣɿ֮µӴʲôزոӲɱձ㲻ָ֪ӲδɱˣӲֵ
ֵֵԺ˵ĳɳӦ¶֮ʣȴҪŽһǻ
ΪΪʼ֮ƣҶĿһ֮в֮Ա
ĳɳɫҲһûô룬ҲҪô룡
漴ΧʿǺȵǻʲôû޵Ļ𡪡ѺȥΣ
ǣʱĳɳʥ͢ʱʥ֮£ȴλ𿪣ϱѵһ˿ڣһʱȻǰ
㣬ǵĳɳ˵
áҶ㿴ŻĳɳĬκȴ͸¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫһ̧֣ʥ׷ɢʼҶʱѣһ۾¶Թ֮ɫʱǰѺ˳ȥ
㡭ĳɳҶ㣬΢΢Щ
ʱҪڣޱȴһסҡͷû˱ޱ˽Ҷ㣬֪ҶʱʲôҲ֪±ػ취⡣
ޱΪ޷⣬ҲҪ⣡
¡Ҷһһ񡣡Ȼ¶ȱٱҪ֧֣ȴ޷ʾսѡ˰ɡ
˵ʲôĳɳһ֮Ŀһ
һ˧ڽʿδսҶ˵սڲ˧֮㽫һɢɳ㲻뺦ʮսʿȥְ֮
㡭ĳɳϲҶӣɫʱһ䣬ŭ𣬳ʣڱ𣿡
ҡҶĿԣûа֮⡣ΪԷξĵ̹Ȼξʥʶӣ
Ҫɱˣĳɳʡ
ҪɱˣʥɷҪɱˣҶӦ
ʥɷҲǻʼƶģĳɳ˵
ƶУУ棿ֻ񣬲֮ҪãҶ˵һ֧ľӣ㲻ͳԦһȺɷĽ죬޷졣ˣȥְ֮
ĳɳҶ㣬ȴɱҶôţ峺ˮУеֱֻ塣
ڣĳɳȴа³صغһһͷã޾㣡
л£Ҷһִ磬ֱӽӡŵȡ˻ĳɳ漴˵䲻νְ֮ʥѣ᲻ӲֻԼ˽·ģ˴ʶʮ˴˽Эʥ͢Ҫħȥ޻أ
˽壿ĳɳЦһãǾҶԺˣ
˵ţһ䣬˽ӡŵ󲽶ȥ
һˣһ亹Ҷ㣬ȴ̲סĿҶ㷽ֱӶײʥʵţ˶о塣ʵҲ֪ʼҴֲԣʥƫ̻ɱȴҲʧƫģ˭վԣ
ҶȴȻְ֮ȥһȴ˴塣
һΣûɱɸʼҶˣȴҲһھнš
ǺοأƽεؿҶ㣬ֲ̯֪˵ʲôá
λħһսֻҪ֣λսءҶһ֡λཻʱ̣ҶȴѼסλս֮ΣѣֻҶĳԮҶĳܼزӲ
˵մ󲽶ȥޱ£һ
棬²ɳ̾һҡͷ㣬̫ˣ
ҶҡͷʦӲ£ֻоսɻıǽʿ˧ʥΪ£һʼңȴɷڲˣһδþ£ʼңȴʹսδʼһ롣
⵹Ҳǡ²ɵͷ
ȥְ֮ʮսҲаʤҶ̾һô󣬷һͳ죬ʹȶ
ֻһ͵ˡ˵
Ҳû취¡Ҷ˵ܻʥƽҲֻˡ
ôأʡҪʮ˽ս㣬սѰһãְ֮ҲŹᣬֵʥʣֻʥ
Ŀ⣬ֻ֪ʼҺãȴ֪֮ǿôҾĶʧˡҶһЦӲ̰Ȩ֮ˣ˭ȨѹңұҪ֪ҶȴκȨѹ÷ģ


645 رս
޹һᣬҶֱ뿪ʥ͢ͻصʥ֮УȻȥ׼Լˡ
ǹʥʷˡ¿˵ֻʥǰҲﲻʲôæˡ
ûϵޱЦ˵米һء˵ģսʵֻʥ͢ء
⵹ġ²òϡʥ͢ҲۿһǺռˡ
ʦģҾûзֽ֮⡣Ҷ˵ˣʥҲĽӽҡ
ֻϧʥ˽㣬ǵıȴҡҡͷ֪˲ţ˵һսʥֻ¶ָտɴˡ
ʦһսôҶʡ
Ҳ˵áҡͷڰ˻ʥǰȼֱ̫ˡʱ˵ģսʼʱսǵأռһƬǺأҲֻʣһˡ֮ΣҪ֪㣬˭㶼һҪ¸˶ԹҪȫǡ
һɷġҶͷӲֻΪԼı˽ˡ
Ǳ£Ҷޱصأʱ׼һ֪Ҷ֮󣬶ƽֱӽʲôƨʥʣʲô˽а壬ǻζ˰ɣ
ߣȺһҶѾͳ򣬱йʥ󣬾ʥ͢ʵֻҲδؾǿǶ٣ǹٵǻϡأ
˵ĪȴüվǲãҪȻƵġ
ΣƾǾӦýԺˡƾԺı£ʥѵ𣿡
ȨλҶ˵ΪԼļ԰һҲˣͼսڼֻʥ͢ɳĽ첻ͳԦȫһʤ̣ȴҪó׼Īܣȥðٴʯ׼ҪһʥװһЩսʿ˸㸺ڵɾ׼ͭǵ׻һˣҪ׻Ы弯
ǣʱӦ
һҪæǶʮСҶ˵ʱҪǽбҪװʥ͢
˵ףҪ鷳ܶࡣص˵˵׼ֳɵģ϶Ӿܳ׻Ǳ߼Ҳ˵Ҷһ£ǱʱֱͨռأȺҶǲ
Ƕʮ˴ȴʵһżϣ
ôʵٶȻ԰ɡһ棬ͳҶЦʮ˵ͼˡ
ˡҶҡͷ̾㵱ɢɣ̡
ҡͷ̾
ô˼ˣǳɱʵˣҲ˵ˣҲⰡʮǴһģǳʮǿľӢɵģ˵𣿹ʮ磬ͷϴ󾢶ˣҲ˵Ȱοһ£ѵҡ
ȶлɡҶЦų֣һ֣ףҸ˵ЩսʿɶǱСʹãǵڻҡ
ôңҶЦʡ
ңԲһ仰˵֮Ͷ£ҲöǸ𰡡̾
ġҶɫǽǱҵֵܡ
Ǿͺáͷ΢ЦҪҰʲôæʮһʮλʥǿױ仯ʥ֮εǿߣ˰ɣ
ɡҶͷ
ô˻ֻǡ࡯һƲ졣㲻Ҫ̫֪òã
ʮˡҶһЦ
ʮ򰡡㶺˵ͷǻǡǲɰҪ취ʮ
áҶһ֣ЩѾ㹻֪ߵǾǿ·ߣ֮ǿ󵽰˻ʥ͢ʵΪЩǿˣҪΪֲڡ
⻰Ұˡ
ҪǴ̫սʿʵҶ˵Ҫ㹻ǿʥޣҲʵûǱ¡
㡭۾˼ȴҲֻ̾ͷûЩǿļһҵģǵġַֻʱ֣ʥ£ǲùء
пյĻȥҡҶ˵
˵ɡҡҡͷһµô˸㣬ҲҪסǿߵѹЩҵʥޣֻ»ûռұˣҲòû£ٸϹȥɡҪĶȥ̣
˻ʥʥ򽻼ʴҶ˵
Уʱ㣬ٸλþͳɡ˵ͷֽʮϸ˵˵󣬱ȥˡ
ʮڰޱһԭפҶԳͭͺӪϷӲ죬һʮλʥʱ֯жӭӡһжӣҶȴǲסüΪЩ˵ĶɢҵһͿҲ̶á
ӦǵȴһһǿЩûһС壬ţˡϬˡˡ˵ȵǿ󣬻򹥻ǿ壬ˣȴҲ֮㡣

ʮλΪǿ˽죬ʱӭҶ㣬ʩ̬ȹȴ·Ҷǵϵһ㡣
񡣡ҶͰһЦʶѾˣ
ǵġʮһͷһ˵ʽǱ֮ˣһȫţҪȥҲһü
Ҳ˵ˡһ˵羴ľǿߣҲԸӹš
һ˵ʮλһԳͭһﶼ󣬶ʥȣʮ˶ܸӦǵ֮ǿϸӦͬϢ
ǿҸɶˣǲǸоҺͦģ
ǡʮ˷׷׵ͷ
ǿÿģһЦ͵һ°ʮɣΣһʱ䣬ߵա
壡ʮͬʱ
ǣ·Ķʮ˴ǵɴ۾ȲѡȴûϵҶ¾Ȼǿߣ
ǿӦΪ֮ףʥ֮ʵĴڰȻͶ£
һʱ䣬ǰЩˣʱҲóϷˡ
ΪǶ̲ס롪ţɶţţ嶼ڹɶ
һ֧飬ƽʱ㽻ΣҶ
ð˵ͷָֻʮλһЦֵܽúú
ɲҸֵܣʮ˶æ񡣡Ǹ߹壬ҵպҳǡ
ʲôҡЦ˵Ҷﲻȫҵֵܣȫǣ
˵ִЦʮλ˽ҲɸеһɣЦ
Ҷ㽫ʮҲеشȴЦ֣ʱʮλ̸ȷ֧ĳ˽ơҶʱ伫ȴҲҶѧͳ֮ΪȴҲǾ
æ˽֮ʣҶٴʯСʮʦڰٴʯĴ֮£һֱͲ꡵ؽȴѾһʥ
Щʥսڵ֮ȴһᾧʹ˷ָռľ޴սȻֻܽսҲæȴ죬̶ʱ֮ڣٴʯ˱Ѿһ
Ϊսзָռ֮ٴʯ˱ΪΪսװҶҾʮսʿǧ˾֮ȴʣ࣬Ҷ֮͸׼ҵһǧսʿͶƵǧ


646 ͭ
ǧ˵ɹƣʵ͸Ҷʹһ㡣ƻʥλҲܽǧ˴ʦߴߣҶȴɾװǣΪԼá
ҶԸȻҲںЩǶƵʱҪǴߣϧһʥװǣܸõرԼĵӡ
׼ˣҶǱʾԼĿܰش
ȻʱҶѾû˽ְ֮һʥʣ׼ȴû˶ʮһʥߺһǧսʿֻƾһ㣬Ҷ϶׼ĸԼҲֵԼصֵʥ塣
˾ŷ棬ʮʵ̫ˣٴʯƴæµҲû취ǾװϡˣȴҲֻǼӽһףصװһֱá
Ҷ˼֮£ִӶϵȻЩһֻܴ˳̣װ滹ǲģؼʱ̷κһеʹ˲óȻá
һ׼ȥ˼ʱ䣬Ҷ㽫ҶͥĪܡ˸Լٴʯغ󣬱һʥ߽սʿװ磬һӦʺ󣬳ҹսű߾
ҲҶԣҪʶսĳ档δʥʣȴֻڱʲôʥߣҪոľ飬ɱ֮ųɡ
֮ǰҶ£ȴ֪ʥ͢ѳӵȴλϽƽӳξʦģȴļ
²ԡҶ˼֮ȴü
кβԣޱæʡ
Ҫ־ӦüλŶԡҶţȴǾʦƽӹƽΪ˧һʲôԡǵüӽ·Щ׷ǡ
һ·ɳۣսٵӹһƬƬǺؽӽ˰˻ʥı߾֮ء
ۿҪǰ֮ʣһռѺȴͻȻ˷ӶҶʱͣսͬʱһսϵޱȡϵĴҲͣ
ɲǼ䣬ռ飬һӶȴԿռѺ֮ͻȻɱ˳糱ˮһӿ˹սΧʱΧȴжʮ֮ڣһʥУӦ֮£ƶԷ֮Ҳмλʥߡ
ʥսĺô뻵ôǰװ磬֮ƶʱͷɱУȴһ̫ױ˰Χ
ʱʹͷųҲѲ˱Χľ档
Ȼ͵ϮǣЦһȭͷײ죬ֵȥɱʹɣ
Դ˽죬ҶΪһ˶ƺűȽϺãҶ㽫ʥ͢ʥеְλʲô仯ȫһֱͷƺɴ˶˿ڣȫҶΪˡ
֡Ҷһüﻹǰߣȴڶ࣬·רǵһ㣬ҿ˽ǵй¶ˡ
ͽǶȵ۾ʱɵϴ
Ӧòɣ˵ǹڵֵܶǿɿ֮ˣôء
Ȼǹ֮ˡҶ˵ԷһǱȲɱȴûеǽǷλã·Ѿöʼͷһ㣬ɼϢй¶ǵĿǾ֮ˡ
˵ڻ˵ԼҲܴ϶ʮ𣿡ͭͷǿзȴҲǶʮڣǶ֧Ԯĵϸ˽ⰡǾй¶Ϣǡ
ãҶĿһһаŭ֮ɫҧ˵Ϣй¶ߣȻйߡ۴֮٣ξʦȴ˧ѾɼһߡһƿشֲܺøҪεְλ
˼ǡȻ˹ˣ
ħȡʥ߾ҷҪ֮£ҲǴħ˶õļƣҶ޺޶ˣ񼫣лĴˣ
϶Ʋɸ
Ƚǰ֮Χ˵ҶŶԷΧȦδ£֮ʣԸ˴ӳɱ
ˣҶҾĽʿҲûںοͷ൱ʱһӳɱ˳ȥҲñ仯ֱӴӭˡ
Ǽڹǰ֣Ҳһֱ򷨣ȺһˣʱۣҲʲôսΣֱӴСŵȥֱһȺûͷӬһ㡣
Ҳ⣬ΪûѶԷԼʮ˴бһʮλʥǿߣҶλ˰׻ͳЫһǧλʥߣƱ˵ǶԸǰʮֱӭսħҲ㹻ˡ
һһ˿
ۼһȺǿɱ˹Щ·뽫ҶҾȫߵĵˣȴͻȻ侲һǺ֮ͣסţţһ֧ԺƵǰ
֧ǧ֮ڣÿսʿʥؼף֮س󣬼ֱ·һεСɽһ㡣׾֧֮£ÿʮսʿоһŹͭɫľڣڿڶ׼ӭսʿǡ
£ΣҶһǾڣƾʦ۹ʱоæ´һ֮˻سǰۼԼɱȴѾǲܲˣֱ໽ų˹ȥ
ţ
ڴʱǧؼ׶ӵĽһ£һŹͭںȻ죬ȴһɫĹâǹâӹǺֱ˾֮ʱըһƬΪսʿС
ãӵʮλʥߴһ͵һ·ӳǿԱ仯Σָսʿȥ˳ѣƬ֮䣬ȴѾǧսʿʹһţȫ
ʥУҲλΪʴˣǿƴϳֻٹҲҪ⡣
ʲôʥôôɹֽг
оһȴָŹͭڵĽ췢ǧ˾űı֮»ǰƽȻҪ׷˾Ŵ򣬲ӳԼĻΧ
Ҷ´ȴһȫͶս
սֱޱ֮ƷźãΪ˿ضʧ
һսҶҾһռžԵƣԶԶڶֻ֣ӵޱȵʥͭڣԲܸҶҾ˴شҲΪǧ˵ʹҶ¾ıȫһսӵʿ
ھ˵ʿǵˣһоȫˣҶʱҪôҽ֮ʹŭŭйϡ
ˣʿ䣬սѵ븴սʤﵽ۷塣
ͬʱҶҲĴս֮ǰսʿоһ´սķΧǰ״̬˵ǰ֮ϣͶս
⣬սˡ
̵ģ̫ˣ˵˽Ҷߣɫ˵Ҷ㣬㽻ҵĶ飬ûá
ĳսиʧ󡣡Ҷһ֣ڲʱҴŸ֮ɱȥ
ãһͷȿ˵ˣԷõʲôʥôô
Ҷϸ۲ˣֻ˥ѾλָΣһϵƤⸯãȫմɫľӨ㣬Щ㲻ӡɢʴǵ塣
΢һüҶȴͻȻ˶ʱζĴʥߡǶһЦش˹ҶͷкηԸ


647 ʥ֮
ǿϵĶ֪ǺֶҶʡ
˵мȻи֣ϴģҶҲǱԿⶾ󸽫ֱ˶붾󸽫ۣĨһƬϲ˲ٺһЦˣֶʮָӣ¿ҲǼǧֶһƳɵģһʱҲֱ治
Χ˼ȻҳЩ֣Ҷȴϲѣʵ㲻´˶
ˡ󸽫˵Ƕױ㳢¶ԶΪʳⶾʥҲɱ˵ȴһСʳˡ
ǵģһλ˽죬ҡͷ̾һֱƲСС壬ȴ
ãҶһͷָǹͭڴӣ̴жһǶڴӣ
ǣ󸽫ȻԸ棬һ˵ҶֱӴǣȴΥԼⶾڶӣȴʱ
ΪЩһ˵˵Ķڶӣȴͬһһ㣬ֱûаա
Ƭ̼䣬㼯ҶߣһǶڶӳɱȥָ֮£ּ·ԿΧħӡ
ۼԼɱڶȴһ⣬ڽָ֮£ʱڿڶ׼Ҷˡ
ʱٰ׻һǧЫͬʱˡ
һǧʥˣͬʱ仯Σٰ׻һǧЫЩ޴ʥһ֣ʱʥ޵ķƣ͵ؽǧħй˹ȥ
˲䣬ǧȼųЫǰħ֮У˵ЩЫҪǱƤһ˷ȶԱ壬һħսʿЩЫÿвֱֹӻߵȼȥȫȼ棬ʹзһеΧ˻赶ԼɱùǺ
׻ֱһµķ籩ϯһƬǿգߣ̼ᱻʳĩ
֯ʦŷ
Ľ쿴һĻɿʱֱڵóӶˣΪȴԼġ
ֻãǰߺǿɱȣħʥǿսʥͶʮ˴ȵĽ֮һԼͻϮɰ˻ʥŲʮֵµģ൱֮£Լռʥƣֵ
Ҳû뵽Էʥ޾ô࣡
һǧֻʥޣʲô
ȷ롰ʮȣֱǲֵһᣬҪ֪ٴľ壬Ҳֲסָ״Сһ
һǧֻʥ޼м棬˵ֱ̹֮ԼĶٴҲǰ׷ѡʱһмзϵʥߣȫ˹׻Ыǿ߶Կ
ȣʥ˸ʹʥȻ׻Ыǿڶֻ࣬ٶ˵ħʦȴû̫ǵһ£һȡԼĵʥ֮ʥ֮ͬʱȴǳɱһֱӷȴ˵ķס
ħһʱ򣬿µһĻȴˡڶӵһŴͬʱ䣬һ̹⸲ʽڶ˵Ķп˻Щȴͬˮһû̹֮ʹȥһϲЦտŴ죬ЩͶ
ħһĻһ۾ۿɳ
Щ̹ڶ͵֮£Ƭ̼ʧ˸ɾڶӵĽɵ۰ǰ㶣ȶ˾Ӽ嵽ǰʱŻæٴοڣȴ֮ǰһ޶Щ˷·Ƕ˺һ㣬̹̣꣬ЩմϵɫҲûǷŹֱͷЩԼ򲻵Լ̵ģͷͬģȥޱȡ
ٽ
ʱҶһ׹ڶСʥӳԼϣһ׹⽫жơɢȴҶУһ˿Ӱ졣һ֮䣬ָŶڶ˹öڶӽ֪Чȴ̲סڡ
֧Ԯ֧ԮħţָһӶսʿǰȥҪԮڶӣﻹü
ͬʱֻҶһӼ䣬ɳĽзŰ׻Ыʥ߶ȥһǿͷըһֱʮɵ򣬽ǿ߶
Ҷһ£ǿٲԼķԷԿɶԷķٵԼϣԼķ͹Էľӡ
һʱ䣬ħ׻ЫǿԡŶԷķ֮꣬ȴ·һһ㣬ַϿȴǺ޸оܰӰ졣
ħʦŲɶɵˣǼֱԼ۾һֻΪǶԷʹʲô۷˴֮ȴԼͬٷһַȻǿ˷Լķһ
ħ󽫳ɵˣȫ󲻵侹ȻķȻʹЧȫʧ
ҲʱʮֻͨʥԳһɱ˹ĵؽӽ˶ڶӣһ³ɱʱ㽫һźʥ׵սʿ﷭ɡСɽһʥסͨԳǵľ޴ȭͷһðݱΣսʿ
ˣ֧Ԯڶ۾ˣƴָսʿǵתڿҪͨʥԳڣͨʥԳѾǶڶ֮УҪڣȴ˵Լˡ
ҲܲôˣҪ˿ڡ
ʱҶѾŶɱ˹ˮһ㣬һ±㽫ڶûħȣ㱻Ҷһʥסһ֡
һʥڣҲҶֱ硣δؼսʿǣҶΧֱͨʥԳһͨʹȴҲȫɥʧսؼס
һǧ׻ؼףȫҶ֮Сֵ͵ȼʥֻҪһӹͿԸıɸʥȴ׸ʥȥüԸ죬ȴֿװǧˡ
ֱħҶһݴ
ɱǵ˧ɱоȻɢˣħʱҶ㣬ʱÿһ£һʱ䣬ħʥ߶Ҷ㣬ȼɱ֮𣬴Ҷɱ
ʮ˴ǰͿ
ûЩµĶڣ˾ŵ۷ӣҲˡ֮£ȴƽʱΪͣһʥȫΣ򷢻ӳ۷弫ްħƵƵ棬ɱħĵԺ
ħ켱ˣһһǰɱһ߳壬һߴһöԲֱͷųʮֻ
Щӥӥɷɣκһ࣬צϵȴ޲ʾǿĹһ֣ϾɢһȵʥȻȴʮֻʥ֮
Щʥ񲻵ӵʥӵ΢ʥƾʥȴսκָӣȴǼߵȵʥ
ԳͭһͷʱӭǰȥХٻʮֻͨʥԳһͬת۱ӭʮֻʥЩҲʵ˵ãһϮʱſڷųһ֮
ͨʥԳһԷʱҲ˾һֻֻֽſֱһǹǾǹǰһ֮ʱȼΪһ壬ƾǿȻǰȥһֻֻʥ֮ϣʱȼ
ţһֻֻͨʥԳǰȭЩʥ֮ȥת۱㽫֮öᣬӡ
ԳͭӿЦĴͨʥԳһչ磬Լû֣ͨʥԳѾսˡ
Ҳţæսһֻֻ򻵵ʥ֮֮С


648 ʤ
ۼԼʥûôȫöԷȥħ󽫶ˣһеشλʥߺŵԳͭɱ˹ȥ
ʱҶȴҲɱ˹
ղŸҶɱڶӣĶûκӰ죬ʹǵԺݺݵŰһؼ׵ǿߣ˴ܵ񫣬ʱȴ磬һСŸҶԣħľӱһͳ塣
֮ǰۼһȺǶҲ£˽ǵϸħսʿΪǶôǿĿ壬һɱʱȻִм֮ʵ㣬ȴ˵ƸʢһʱȴҲͬǿһѹħӴ
ⶾڶ֮ħ˼ɵ֮ǱһӵĻ𣬴ʱȫй˳һʹɱħɾ
ʱҪ·ˡ۴ʮһ׼ʥߺǧ׼սʿһѾ׷˹ҪǮƵħһʱ䣬ţһСˮ䣬ħһʱ
ħѾˣʱȵط֣ԷľȻԼ൱ȴȫԶԶԼ֮ϣ˸еǶԷʥǿߵǰ׻Ыʥߣһǧλ֮࣬ȻǶʹʥֻɱǵõҶļӳ֮һʱ侹Ȼ·ħʦŶԹ֮£һҲûУͽħʦŴǱˣȫûս֮
⻹㣬Щ֮⣬ȴһٶλʥˣȫܱΪ޵ǿʥߣޱߡһʥߣһǿʥǿþˣħһʥУȫûп֮ƥߡ
ħ󽫱ؿһƬǽս֮ȴ׼תˡźҶѾֱӴ˽ڻɱ˸仨ˮȻͽħ󽫴ˣʥš
ԭ˧쵼ħ㲻ҶҾĶ֣û˧쵼ħ͸ǶˡҶҾǿߵָ֮£ʮ˴ԿɨҶ֮ƣħʮ仨ˮ˵ӵӡ
һħʥߴ磬׼ȡսȴ֪Լ类Լһħʥֵ߲ҶҾʥǶϣǽžӵڻߣһ
һȴ˱ɱߵĴ֮ħʥûȫ˷²սʿǾɢǿոȴһλλҶҾʥ߳ս׷ɱ˸ɸɾ
ҶѪǴ˴ڰ˻ʥЩܱɢȴʥ֮ڵһ˲òѪ顣
Ҳвħսʿۼ·ƴţɴʶȤؾͶʶȤˣҶս֮۹Ѻ
ʮʱ֮һսȫҶҾǧ˵Ĵۣ˼ߵʮ򣬷²һʤ
ս֮ҶڸһСϼ϶飬ʮǺ֮вۣСһվȴ·һƬĴ½һ㡣һݶҶ㣬ۼҶʵǣһҶĶͶء
ҶĿ˾ţ΢΢üʣǲһʤ̣
ǣʮͬһѪڣ˷ܡ
ħʵҲˣþ£Ҷ˵ӵ˲õʥҶڣǱ㲻η壡ֻǽҾǧˣȴǵΪǿ󣬶ɢڴ֣ս˸֮ҲһҪ͵𣿡
ˣ˾ŻӦ
ǧͬ۵бвǶ֪ʱһֻɱֲ̫̫ͣһ£
˲£Լ£Ҷ˵ֻҪұ֤ƽ㲻У
ǣ˾ŻӦ
ʤϵǰߣħȫϳ򣡡Ҷϵһ֣Ŵ֮УȻޱȡս˳սǰ߶ȥ
֮ʣҶȴ۽Է˹
һָͽǴൽҶǰһӣһҼʲôʲôĿͷԣ
㣡Ǵ󽫵Ҳ£һһνӡ
֪һ֧ϸǰߣҶ㻺ʵ졣
˧㡣Ǵ˵
Ҿһ£˵ûбΪͨ籨ҾšҶ˵˵ɣô¡
֪Ա۾
Ȱ㲻ҪװǿҶ㵭һЦΪҲǿ̫࣬ȴм˽⡣ǾΣ֮ʣ²²ܶߡˣ˽ߣԼޱȿءǻװǿһ̱ԭΣйһУȴƽܵһĥοࣿ
ĵȻ򶨣ȴǴһʱҶһʥʱҵҵʹʱ󽫰Χһʼҧţȴ۵ôƤѪ飬ҲˤڵϣƬ̼ʹλ
˻ǼƤӣǶȺһȥǴһš
ҶһʥֹͣǴ󽫴ڴϢΣ˵Ǻ֪ͨǣҲֻ֪Ǳ˧һң󣬻һЩڱĴȻ˧˱ؾ֮·غ򣬵Ŵķˡ
ЩܷŶĴʲôʥħʥ֮пǳ֮Ҷоû㲻ʴ£Ƕ
ǡڡʵش𣬡ħʥǰսʥǾг֮ʥ֮ж٣Ҳ֪һšҾһǧŹ
һŰ⻰ӲüͷҲ˵ǰ߷滹ǧţҾսʿڡ
вͬʱһ
֮εҲܲסͨʥֻ¸ѵοǳսʿˡ
ȫ·Ҷ㲻üͷ壬ʱޱȴǲһмɳۡ
ʮʥʲôҶһʣһߴ磬Գͭʥȡһֻ
ѻǴ˵ҲǾгսʥ֮һڶֻ࣬Ǹ߼䱸һЩѣȫļһ𣬿Ҳ㡣
ҸоⶫڡԳ̲ͭס
ڵʥʹõĶҶ˵Ƕⶾ֮Ҳֻ䷽Ĳɼϣϣֻ㹻֣ⶾҲѡѻͲͬˣǵʥԼսǿʦɡ
Ǵ󽫾ȵҶĻȴͷûûλˣҲǶʦɣ򲻿ܷô͸
һԵͷ֮󣬶֪ƨءƿǴ̲ס
ǰĿĺڣҶʡƾʮҪһ޿ܣȴΪʲô
⡭Ǵԥ˵Ϊ̲һɡ
˵ҶЦһˣǱӦǱ߾𹥻ǡʥ߾һƬȴҲ޷ʥͳΣ
λˣֻһԱСЩȴʵǲ֪ǴεؿЦš


649 ս
Ҷ㲢ûйΪλ󽫣ΪҲȷʵ֪̫Ļ
֧ħԾĵϸȴ֪ͨ˲١һ֧װĸħʥĽħʥ֮˫ĳǿߡ衣˵λ˲õĽһдδһΰ̣Ƿ깥ؿˣսʤȫһλ޵˧
ˣõʥ͢Ȩɣ֧֣ҲȨ
ʾϮȴҶ㲻ˡ
Էһսͼʲô
Ҳֻץλʱ֪ˡ
ǴѺȥҶȴǰߵս¸ΪˡֻǻǧڵĻҲһжΣգǶԷ˧˵õ˻ʥһͽ乴ᣬһΣˡ
ôٺҶ㡣
ܲҶ˵ۺ¸鱨˹ĻʮΣˡ
ҲʥʾȡЦһΪ˸ʼҵǹ
ʮȴǵͬҶ̾һȫǰɣȡЩǰߡ
սǰһ·ǰ߶ȥȫ·֮ǰߣһҪѾԲ֮С
ֵǣҶԲԶ۹˹ȥȴûз֮καã΢΢üϸ̽飬ȴֻһ֮Умǧ˵İ˻ʥ͢սʿš
Ѿոˣʡ
пܡҶһͷӵȥô¡
ǣһͷɳսһս֮ϣúع飬ȷʵѾոصĽ˵ǵĴʤ׷һʣµҪҲո뿪ˡ
ãҶĿһڣôױȡʤһǹüƭҾȦ֮Уǿ׷
սٴηǰȥú󾭹һҪϿһˣһսʿҲûУɼǰ˻ʥΪͼ֣ؾҲˣ伱֮ɼһߡ
ǰϣһҪҲǱ߹ҪһӽŨصʥʱ˸Ӧ˭ܸоһµĴս֮չ
֮ǿ֮УƮһ߾ߵʬ壬·һƬʯսԲȥȴɼǰ˻ʥսʿʬ壬һȫɫĹ㣬кãѾʴòӣ״
ʬ壬֮ڡ
̫ˣٺҡͷ̾ȴٿ
ǳȥҶ۷ź⣬һָսɱ˹ȥ
һƬѪɵսң㲻ʥֻӦϾ޴ʥҵֻҪһӽ۵ʬκԼʲôط
ǰľֻáֲݡЩǿİ˻ʥսʿǣһڵһţ϶մɫĹ㡣
ʬɽ£ΧʮĴأȴʮʮ֮࣡
Ҷ۾ҪˣЩ״ҵսʿǣɷһŭ𣺡ղȡͷǻкĿعʥ򣡡
ݺݵҧҧѪȺħӣҪһֲʬ
˿һĻ󣬶һҧսŭȼͬʱҲеޱȵʹġ
ƶУսս롣һµĻɽȣͬһɽһ㣬ȫǸʵɽ壬ȴһ鰼ݵĹȵءֻһͨ·޴ĹȵȣԵôխ
ܷеʥ˵ͨ·ҲûʲôȫǵĽ֮·ˣƽŻش
һȥٳˡ
Χɽ֮ϣʱȫվħսʿŵڷɢЩɽ֮ϣɽȵϷסЩڲϿһööа̹ڵ㲻ɽϷըһ岻ƵĶߡ
Եİ˻ʥսʿǷ֮£ѡɵ˵Ķںȴ޷롣
ʮİ˻ʥȴֻʣʮˣƽĴ֮·ƴɱȴѾûκվϣ
ħսʿǣվɽ֮ԶԶʹŸַʥ·İ˻ʥսʿǺʥߵ˵л֮ͨսʿӸµĹȴֻܷ޷
˵һǧڰɣٺ׾ôȴһţ
СӸƭǣǶȼˣ۳ۺֵܰǼһҪӣ
ҲԾʵҶȴһ֡һսȴ뵽δʥ֮ǰڷ䳯ְ͢ʱһԶˣڲʱ򣬸λȫ֣Ԯǵսʿ
ǣӦ
ʱһ߷ϵһλӣȴ̧ͷԶеս
һͷ̷Ŀߴ󣬱ǼĴվǰȴҲԵЩС㣬ɱ֮ɫһǾþɳɱĳǿߡ
װͷȫʥװսʿһ£ֶһȴһȺһ㡣
Ĭȴʾǿ֮
˵µľӲǿɱľӣǳĬľӣ⻰һ㲻١ΪֻоһĵĶ飬ɳ֮Ĭ֡
һ֧˧һһϸִеĶ飬ж£
ǾǾеľ
ˡʱص˵ͷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ˣħʥ͢еһǿߣ߸ϵĽʿ֮ףħ裡
ħξĶûκϢзԮѵѾȫˡһλϽߣ˵
ܺá軺˵ͷֵ֪ͨǣ׼ÿռ֮ţʱ׼ˡ
ǡǸ¡
һսȻʦڣҲֵõġҶ㣬ȻûʧһУɾͶˡҽЩȫǾпܵġ
ҡͷһ̾ϧЩսʿǰҲû취£Ȩ˲пᣬҲֲҡ
˵ţתȥʱ֮С
ʱҶսѾӽսʱһɽ֮ȴͻȻӿǿޱȵķһʥɽӿ֣ȴǧλϵǿڼҪǧսԿк
ԷɢսҶһ£˽Գսޱһ½ս
ͬʱֱӷų˰γǿ󣬽˶
ҲʱԷ෨һȫٵϣһʱ䣬ˮױ󡭡ֿµͬʱдһƬѤޱȵĹĻеĿҶҾš
ǡЩûҶҾκ˺һȺ˻סǸɽ壬ҶĴһɱ˹ȥ
ħˣ󲻵ϾȻˣȻӲסǧ
ʱһ޴ķȴһ½˶һǷ֮𣬽ţһɳľǷɣ֮пٵζζؾ䣬ô𶯣ܲ޴˷ָ
һȫƻеĽⶼײʧȴҲΪľʧ
ǿķӦһ޴ҲɱɫⷨоȻ˵ã
ôɽϵķʦͽˡҶһָɽ塣
İɣһ֣˶һϣ
Գͭлʱһʮ˾ţɽ弲ȥֱӻΣſڱһƬ˹ȥɽϵħϵʥǼæԷֵ
ֱӻһֻ׵ľ֮ϣԳͭſڣһԳŭֱ֮ȥ
Ǵڵ׻ʹ羭Ҷĸ֮Ϊһ壬ڷ֮ʱ˺࣬ᷢԳŭ֮棬ȴٲ˼ˡ
һ˽죬ʱҲΪʥ̬Էóķһʱ䣬ɽ֮ϵħϵʥȫѹס


650 ζ
˴չʱҶѾֳָ飬ֱҶҾһλʥߴţŽɽȥ
ɽ֮ϣڶӣŹ·һ˹ʱתڿǺ
Щ̹ⶾڶ˵ȴ·һζͣȿֺһͨʳ֮󣬾ֱڶɱ˹ȥ
ӵħȫɵۣ֮ǰǴҲų֣ʱܷȴôˣǵԺ֮һʱеհס
ʣµʮ˴ҲҶֳ飬ֱǿߴţɱΧɽ塣
һλħ󽫣ȻŰɱ˻ʥսʿŰ񫣬һҶҾɱ˹ʱЦŴսʿֱӭ
Ϊһʮþȵɱ¾ĵſоʬ£ڹЩ˻ʥսʿͷϣû뵽ӭģȴһµĽս
һսʿȴǼֵģһӵĻ𣬴ʱ˾ȻӭԼʱһȴ˺󷽵ĴӣֵԼȳɱ˹
λӵħ󽫣ûпֵĳ࣬㱻Ǽֵʮѵշʬʬ֮䣬䵽˹а˻ʥսʿǵͷϣû֮ǰǰΪǴ־壬ȴΪǴϣ
ԮԮѪƽʱ߾һʥ󴸣˷ܵظšʿǣƴɱҼס˰ɣصԮҶԮ
ҶԮ⼸֣ȴа˻ʥսʿĶ־λʥǿߵ¼ǵ飬ֻɱһȫˣʥʣְ˻ʥʥʵ¼ѳΪÿһսʿеĴ棬ʱ˵Ҷȣȴоֿϣһʱƴ񣬷ĺƽһŸ߿ٴγȥ
ڶ˵Ĺ֮£ɽϵڶѾΧʹɽϷһ޴Ŀ϶ƽ̴ڴ϶гɱڰ˱վ
ĨһϵѪҶȥһ棬һȭҶҶˣҡҶԲʥʣԲʥ򰡣
˵ţȴǹ£Ѫ۵ۼ
ڣҶʡ
򾫱׷һɵˡƽ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ˣȫɱУΪֵǱ𣡡Ҷһ۸ߺ䣬ʥ˳ͬʱȡħѣħūҲ˳ȡ¹ⱦ٣֮䷢ӽʥһµ
Ȼֽȡ˳׼һɽһڡһ֮£ɽֱӻϵħսʿǺ֮˵ˣҳһŵҳһţǱ
ʥ׹֮䣬ɽֱӱ٣ϵħսʿǱ룬ֱħū޵һһսʿֱӷǡ
Ҷһ֣ʮɳĽХһɽ塣ɽϣһǧڵĴӣȴڶеһʱ̧䣬кһֱĶ
ǵȴ飬մȾЩʶҲӰ죬һ·ڶ֮У˱ҧ˱ץڶڻ֮ʱɾ
ޱʥҲѷ˳ʮֻͨʥԳһӣɨǧһͬȴ֮һʱݺ᣻ƶŶƣԼʥɻǧʥ򾫱ɱһʱ𡭡
սϣɼҶҾչɱķ
ʱҶȴע⵽ǳϵʥߵɽ֮ϣһλʥߣȻһȣ˸൱ʥϿһ֮ɢһһʥ֮еĶʥ൱˵á
ʱҶȴע⵽һֵǾǵоͻȻ
ʮǵɽҰͻȻһ룬Ҳ׿ΪʣµĶʮȻǵɽҰ
һʥҲˣǶʥɨӣſظӦ仯ҶӾ˸ӦȻٶʥɨʱԷȴѾ˽ɡ
ʮʱֻʣʮˣȻɽҰطֲţȴѾû֮ǰƣҲôܼ
Զһ߷ϣһ΢ʥɢҶ㼫Ϥһüֱӳɽ塣
һʣţ˿ءҶ˹ȥһƱ㽫ƷȴֻһɶߵĿռšʱռѾرգӹȴܵţҶӦģҲ
һǰ̧̽ȴͻȻһɲԤУʱȥͬʱֱӻһ޶ܣǰ
ڴʱͻȻ䱬ը޴ĳһ½ҶƳԶھ޶֮ϣҲ˴ССۼ
ûڵֵһ±ը¾ҪҶ
öļƣҶһתͷɽϻʥߣ͵һֱȥ
˿һ嵽ǰ
һʱ˿ǷϵʥŭתҶ㣬һߺˣ
ҶһֱӷųŶԷͷȥ
ʥҲ˵ãǷȣʱһʮɾԷзǰ𣬽ȫסȻǾ飬ʥȴһҲûУ֮侹ȻٻһʮɾӭҶ㡣
Ҷһ֣ԶĽһӭһڿлһʱƬɢâ䡣
¹ⱦǰһᣬҶ㵯֮ٴηųӽʥһγɵʱŷʥ߶ȥ
ʥû뵽Ҷʹ֮ųķһʱɫأһַ̧֣ɳһȴû֮ǰô޴ֻɳĳȴҲ㹻ͷű°Ȼ
һﵹҶҲͷ
ɣ˵ҲǾһӦǸԲһȻҲôãôһӵϰʬˡ
ȷʵӦܡҶһͷԸߴңϵķϵʥܵľܣ𣿡
ΪɶʡӦþһ
ܾãԷһսһ˫ıҶ˵㻹ڷ֮ʱǸ¦𣿡
ǵáͷ
һԪӦԶĿȴǹӵأֻоֻǽ켺Ҷ˵
˼ǡħжҲĳЩȨڽ켺һ
пܡҶһͷо󲿶ͨռųˣǻڿռϲ壬ߺ˭ٹȥʹãһᱻըۺ֮ǰɵ㣬ضһζ
̵ģԶ㲻Щ۵ġҡҡͷֱӷߣҶȥ
ʱҶ㽫ڻ֮ΣֱӴϣ͵һǾ֮µʥ߳ȥһȭݺݴǾ֮ϡ
ǿܵס׵һһȻûԭҲкЧһ֮±ը֮Ǿֱӱ𣬶еʥܾҲһˤڵء
Ҷһǰʥǰּ̧ȡʥսװеսǹԷǹָסʥǣ˵עҪܣЩͶҲĲЩ
ʥҶţ֮ͻȻЦȻС˵ȦףԸ˵ԣҰȴķڷˣˣ


651 ħĻ
һ˳ȥħһսʿһ漴ֻʼٽҶ״ʱֹͣͬʱҲƽͣ֡
Ȼ˻ʥ͢սʿһг˳ŭҶǿסɱ˵ĳ嶯ֲͣս
ʱħսʿеʥεصͷ
ɽ֮ϣǧλķϵʥҲֶʥ˵ϣĵڵҶͶ
ұӦȫйɱ¾Ұ˻֮ͬߣҶ˵ҲΪķϣұͷˣʥһӦƷȫˣǽȫ򿪣˽
һ㿴ҿ㣬϶¶ʹ֮ɫʹȵʥ߳̾һˣЩʲô˰ɡ
˵ţԼ硣
˼״ֻ÷׷ҶҾһڸ߲ɲŸսһ飬ǴͷʥǰʱҶȴһ֣ʾʥ߹磬ԼֻʰǰȣʵȺкţ
ȡʥ߻ش
öҶһͷҲȴʥһ֣ȻڿնԶһɽȥ
ʥһ֮󣬼æ˹ȥҶɽ֮ϣ
һսǰ˻ʥ۽ħҲûõȥҶָ·ս˵һΪѽʿʮ˽ȫû
ҳϡʥһͷѷһ㾿ǰ˻ʥһλǿߣ
أҶ㡣Ҷ㵭Ӧ
ʲôҶ㣡ʥһľ㵣ɫһ±üΪѿ漴ҡͷЦ֪㣬˭ӵôǿ
γƺҶʡ
Сħᣬħʥľʥߴ
Ҷһ漴ҡͷ̾ѹ費ϧüʮսʿΪۣҲҪȦ֮С벻κɵسȥһȷʵ̫ˡ
Щᵽ裬ħ޵۷ź⡣ҪɱұɱҾˣȴôһıƣħʥôöɵ
Ұ˻ʥҶ䡣ʮֻʣʮˣʮ˲ڴˣծҪ˭ȥ֣
һ㷴ⳡսħͷҡͷʥѾħϣħȨҳʥּ⣬ȫս֮⣬ʲôѡҶ̫㣬˻ʥ˰֮£ѵ㻹ܷɣ
ΪҸҷԱĽȴˡҶ˵
ˣħһôܣţȻΪˣɡѾˣôܴʮ
ҵ˽Ҷ˵
ħ֤ҡͷЦԭˣҶ̫ڰ˻ʥ֮ӵʵȻʥͥ͢񡣿ɡС
һҡͷ
Ҷ㿴Ȼ״Ҳƣһ뵽ƮǿСɢڴϵİ˻ʥսʿʬ壬뵽ҵ״б̲סӿһŭ𣬺޲ʱħɱˡ
ֻ˵˵ħǺˣ
ǱɣħӦսɣһѫʥȴǺͿúܣ˱ֹ֮Ի󣬽ھȨСȻһΪŽսȨղʥֲּѹңȴ޷ֹһС
ΪڻһҶ˵ϣ㻹ǣħġˣħʱʱ뽫ȥ
ֻϲȻּƣħޱȡ
Ҳڵڶǵڶʹǰ˻ʥ˶ʮˣװݣҶ޺޶дսɱ⡣
ħһʱ䣬Ȼҽӿڡ
Ҷһ˵ҲǵĶУΪҲŷ֣֮Ҳͽ򹴽ᡣ
ȷʵˡħͷ˵˭ȴֻ֪ǵѡųȥģһλ壬Ȼֵ΢ҲһȨǶʮȴһ˽ҡ
ҡͷЦ㷽ʵҶڣǵͽ壬ɱǶʮʿһȻǻŭһҪȫߣˣֳ֮֮ƣħʥһУ㶼ħ˵ˡ
Ҳ뵽˵㣬ԲûɱǡҶǿѹŭ˵ծ
Ҷ̫˼ǡħῴҶ㣬Լоһ籩ħʥչ
ҪҵħʥһˡҶ˵ͷħͷҪԴʥļ֮УҶʮʿӢ飡
Ҷ̫ħһʱɫȻҶ㵥ϥ񣬹˵Ҷ̫ܲӣħڴҶ̫֤ħʥ˻ʥ򽻺ãٷκ˸ַ˻ʥħʥȻȫ֣֮ѪսףΥģħϵȫʥΪһ鷲򣬱
ҶԷⶫȤҶ㻺ҡͷˣȴҪίүһ¡
˵ͻȻһһʥʱħϡħһ಻ֵʥԼϣʾԼĳ⡣
Ҷһ䣬ʥѾħ֮ڣƤͬʱһʥҲħڣʥӦš
һʱħᶼǺ峺಻ƴκζ֮ĵӡ
ʥɣֻҪһκʥɳҶ㻺˵һħ֮Уүȫϣ³֮ȻΪү⿪үģҶĳɱ֮һԴݶ顣
šħͷڤʥ޾׼֮£Ѿ֪
ױáҶһͷЩ£ȴҪܿˡ
Ȼֻǡħԥ˵ֻȻɱ˲ٰ˻ʥսʿ˫սΪԩͷծҶ̫Ը£ĪҪɱйߡ
ġҶ˵ͷ
漴˷ɻߣҶһ£ҶҾʥǱ㽫ħķսʿʥȫͶѹЩʥߣֶǵҲйѺ
ʥ߶ԸʥߣȻҲֶΣǱԴǿʥʥ֮롢֮֮ǹ֮ǵҪǵʥҶַѪЧֵͣƳһʥʥֻʥ֮ãʥһסʥߵʥȫ޷ʹãȴǷúܡ
ʱЩħʥߵʥ뷨ȫսɣеƷҲȫߣٱһȴκη֮ȴ뷲졣
Ҷһ֣㽫ҶҾĸ߲ټ˹˵ڴפָҪͬʱʥ͢Ϣκ֪𣿡
ףͬ
Щħκ˶׼һָͷҶ˵
ʲôһüɱôֵܣôˣ
ôˣҶ޺ҧɱ֮κ侲˵һεѪսȴħʥɣͽжļơˣһɴҲзݲ£Ϊȴʥ͢
ô˶̾
һᣡҶ˵Ҫ˴࣬ͬʱҲҪΪѵֵǱ𡪡Ǹ²ȴħľҪҵħʥһˣɣͽԴȡ
ҲȥǼֵܵһ
ֻһǰȥҶһ֣ĿֹҪſڵޱ
ޱ˼ȻޱȣȴǼᶨص˵ͷģȫǾˣ㲻κεǣ
ǱáҶһͷǼһסô˵Բ˵Ϊһսʧ٣Ǳֻпס뿪ҲκǡԲ˵ֱӽ¹Ѻ
ǣһﶼ͸׺ĺ⡣


652 Ǳħʥ
ҶҾ˵˵ƽʮʿһ˵ɱЩ²ʱüƽһƽʱС΢ģʱҲ̲סҶǰʣҶҶˣΪҪЩһúôֵܡ
뱨𣿡Ҷ㿴ʡ
룡ƽصͷȵĹ⡣
Ҳ롣Ҷ˵ԩͷծɱһЩ޹֮˲ı˳Ҫµıնףıѩޣ
Ҷкΰţƽʡ
ҪȥħʥһˣıͷҶ㿴ƽ˵֮ǰŽʿפأκ磬Ϊ֮ȴͽԷᡣ
ͽƽȻ漴ŭ𣺡ץͽҡҪһڿڻҧ
ٻʱðɡҶ˵ͷڴ˵Ⱥٶ飬Ҳò˶ã͵õħʥһˡ
ƽŽɵصͷ£ʱٶȥ
ҶڴһҪ֮Уһռź󣬱ħһͬ뿪
ԶߣҶʣʱǷڸ˿ռ֮ţУʵҡ
⡭ħһԥͷ˵Ҷ̫ģ֪޲ԡֻǷ˽²Ŀռţұ㲻֪ˡ
֮áҶһͷ
ħеĶδգʱȡһħս˵Ǵħʻţħʥȥһ·֮ÿһһħռŵĵطħָҶ㽫֮١
Щռ˻ʥһ㣬ҪʮλϵʥߵܿȴԶȲռšˣҶȴЩǡĺʥǰʥռţ֮ڣȴ֪ܽŷչ仯ɺӡ
ĺʥʥҰģô±Ҫ
Ҷ̫ôħһ߼ʻһ̲סʡ
ʱһҰţ򵼾ǡҶ˵
ˡħһͷҲҶһ䡣
һ·˻ʥı߾ǵħ˻Ľսʻħʥ֮ҶħὫս𣬻һħķɳʥȥ
ϡҶ磬ȡһߡħؽ˹ϸһӦ֪һʥҲûʲôãϣʡϢ̱仯Ӧһкһ
ʲôʥȻʡ
αװõʥҶһ˵һҲȡһߴϣʱһ׳Ĵ󺺡ǣȴǡ𡱡
߲ǧ򻯣ֻܱ仯һ̶ֹ̬һͣԶ̶ٱɱˣֻһšȴȱ㡣Ҷ㱾ӶȴҲûʱ䡣
ʥ̫ңԶԼɡ𡱣Ҳκϵãȴȫصġ
棡ħ̾ţȴδ˵ʥ
ΪǲǰġҶ˵
ħҶ㣬еԸӡִ˵ˣȴȴ˵еĸɫʡ
ɳħʥڲȥ;вѲߵʥսʿѾһ˵ħᣬֱȡһƣ˳ͨ
Щƣֻһı־ûȷעһλ·ģ˳ʾȴҲɣܴзЩʲôʣһҲˣΪʥʹݳȻ󽫾һҪ˶ûȨǡ
ƣȻͨ裬˳˳һ·ٶУħʥ֮С̲֮ħݳҶʥ֮С
ħʥ˻ʥȴеһƴڤź͹ʥȴ˺ܶࡣҶһ·һ·۲죬ħʥĹҲȰ˻ʥǿҲһСʥ򡣲֮ƣȴܴʥ˽ĽϿ
ò˵ħǼһȻǸսӡΣڹʥҲȷдšħ˵ħʥֻһСǰʥսдԪ֮£ȴѾȼˡҲˣôҰģҪ̲ͨΧ򣬶ǿ󣬳ư档
ûҰģħʥӢۡҶ˵
˵ʵҷսΪúƽħԥƬ̣˵ĵʵ뷨Ϊ˵ʵ뷨ҶоԼĳ⣬˼ĺøǢһЩ
ΪʲôҶʡȻҲ֪Է뷨ֻǲƶѡħԹɫӾԼ˵ĻǶԵġ
ҲϣԼʥǿޱȣһͳ档ħ˵ȴԶʱǵģħʥѾñȴǰǿˣҲӵľţħţܱһЩСʥʵǿ̫ࡣ͸ǿʥأ
̾ҡͷûñȣ̲ΣǱػЩǿʥĹעıģҲһսʥɳȥػһѹ㲻֮ҲǰʥսʱԸ˻ʥһ̧ͷ
۲һҶɫ䲢ûԼἰ˻ʥŭŸҽ˵ԣʱħʥκһչս
үΪʲôʱʱҶʡ
ҲҪǧԺ󡣡ħ˵üǿ϶Ŀǰħķչٶȣǧһǿʥ֮֡ʱħҲǳʵ൱ȣزòʳߣһԵһЩСʥ򣬲źۼ׳Ȼĳ򣬷ͻϮֻҪȻһȡڲЩٲħʥĶ֣ͳһҵָտɴ
ǧ󣿡Ҷ뿪ЦʣүǹʱϺôãҰİɣ
Ҷ̫Ǵˣ֪ҲѾʱˡħһЦ뿴֮ˣ
ħʥ°ɡҶ˵֪ôȥħʥȴһٵس˻ʥ򣬰˻ʥ֮ˣָֻˡ
Ҫʱ䣿
ȴǸᣬúˣһ߿Բħ˵˲ţһֿɳȥ谭˻ʥչͽʵһá
ǰ߾ʥĵشˡħʱټָǰһΰĳ˵ţȫʥķ磬ʥģȴҪСĲǡ
ȥһطҶ˵ԲΪ֪֮
Ҷ̫ġħЦ˵λûм֮
ɳǰħٴγʾƣ׵رܹ̲ڡһڣʱһ磬ߴĽĽֵ֪켸ʮ·綼ǳС
ȴ̽һϢɡҶʱһ乫ʾָָ
ʥ֮еľƵ꣬ȴŸڷһƵд̽ϢǾ޿ܡʥ֮УȴרŵĹʾʥͷʥʽڹڴ¡ʥҲãƽ˰Ҳãᵽʾȥ˽ʥڵһб仯û¾Ͷ˺赽ԼļţȴǱȷľƵ״̽СϢĵط
ħҲ֪ôһսһͷɳͣ磬Ҷһ˹ʾС
ʾУȴΪ㣬²㰲ȫһΣȫǷϯض۸ӦԴһˮʥɢʥֻǾһСŽмļš
ϲͲͬˣȴǲţаڷ˾ΣһС͵ˮʥɢһʥΧиʽ㣬һλλǽ߶漴Ը
ŵģͶʥ߶ǷˡһĿֻ裬úܡȴӿһȻ˴˽
ϲ㣬ǱһŸݵʥ߲ܽ롣
Ϊ˴̽ϢȻᵽϲȥвſ


653 
ҶȻ֪ʾĴںãȴûʹùˮʥħᳵ·ʹҶѧӣҲʥʥɢʥںϣʱӦħʥϢ
ҵϢüͷһ壬ʱħѾߵһӣͺһ˶
Χʥ߶ۣ߲˹ħһ˹ȥĿʱ͸ʧһʥ߸ӦħǿϢʶȤתͷֱۡ
Ҷɴʥͨʵô
ûħᵹһ
ҴûùֶҶһָˮʥ
ֱˣħ˵ǻˣѡܡȫƵҵͷϣ˵˻ʥ˹ᣬһսʧʹʮʿڰ˻ʥ˸бۣŪһ˻ʥĳλ߲ʿҵ֤˾ͽң
ԭˣǿɶ񡣡Ҷͷ˵ͷٴνˮʥںһس˿룬ȴЩôˣ֮ȴ÷ű࣬ѰԼҪϢȻҵ˹ԶܵϢ
ȴħѧһ޶
ħ˺ټϰ˻ʥͽİæ׵ؾ͸ħˡħͽñӣһħĵչ˵ѵҶⲻһֺ켺ķӰˡ
֣ʥڽһƬȷѪꡣ
һһαؾƽ֮˶ЩҶ˵ҪȡŽһγԷԿ
ħһͷʼϸ˼
ʱҶȴΧвһȴ˿ԣȴڻƣͬ·˴֮е˻̸һ
һҲɢȥЩһԺʱϢ⹫ʾвÿһ˶˽ȴγһȴֵúܡΪÿһ˶Լ˭Ҳ֪һһ˷ģȴǿ⽻̸˵ʲôΥ
ǿ֪ǵʲôɣһЦˡ
ʲôɣһ̲סʣ֮ʣ˵ͱˣ˵ɣûʲôš
ʵ˵ҲСʱģ֪ôһɡ˵ɾ˵ǧǰһɣ˵൱˵á֪ʲôԭȴͻȻɢɣǲɢˣôɢȴû뵽ɾȻ䡣
ԭˣ̾û뵽ɾȻǱɡɣȴô֮أ
ߣʱһһʲô˵ľǷȴδ֪ѱ䣬ôز
԰ʾͬ⣬ľôӦܴݹǣ෴Ӧ˻ʥ֮бŶԡ
֣ô˵ѵΪǽ
ҿû˵Ҳ²ѡ
ʲôѵܱʲôץסѱɣɣͽһ֮ѣ¾˽֪ľǷǶô²켺ǰ϶ˡŹҲ˳ֶΪ
һɣ鳭кκôҪ֪Щɶǿ֮ˣûа㱦
Ͳˡἰŵ˵ضдôλȥַ
֪ǵںδҶʱ̲סҲ˽Ҳ֪˭
˭֪㲻ȥʽ˰ɣЦ
һǶһδսʧĲ²⣬ΪħпΪ෴ҲΪֻζ˭˭˵壬ֻ˭˭Ӯ
ҶЩҵ֮˳ʱħȴ¶ϲɫѾ˼ҳϵѣ֪ûϲ֣Ѿʼ׼ҪֶԿħˡ
ȰҲһĶ򡣡Ҷ˵ҸЩۣ˵Ҫȥһеŵɡ
ţħһҡҡͷҴûôɡȻҪȥ֣е˼Ҷ̫ѵ;ɱ𣿡
Ǵû᣿Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ãȵȣħһͷʱĬɢȥ
֮ҶУѾˣȴڽģȫȥ׷ֻܸɽս֮ʱ֡
ߣҶһͷʱħһͬ뿪ʾһ·ʥǺ֮г˳ȥ
һΪ˼ӿٶȣȴûͨķɳħȡħʥս˼һ·ɳۣ˳ħѴõָһǺȥ
㼱æ·֮£ȻѲ߱ע⣬ħֱӽϢս֮ϣЩѲ߱ԶԶˣΪĳλүɳʹ߰£˱㲻ǰѯ
бȻǲ谭ܿжȴ;еҪѲ߶Ӷסսг̡
ʱҲ˲Щˣһ·׷֮£һƬǺ
Ҷȴ˸ۣ;Եһʱ䣬ڼطռš
һ·£ħݳǰǺֻʯһƬ޾ʯ֮УħòײҵһССʱ˳Ҷһ˹ȥ
һӽС򣬱ʱӦһɶʥȴһսչħһüӭʥ֮ȥʱսһס
ÿս֮ϼݳĶʥߣһĿħս֮ʱ͸ɻ֮ɫΪһһվסλúܣǷλүּˣ
үµġӰ͡ħͣ˳ӣ˵үĽһЩ֣˼֮£ȴǶǰ֧Ԯ
ԭǡӰ֡͡Ϊ߲ɶݣȻħ˵⡰Ӱ͡ɣħµλ͡
⡰Ӱ͡ħѱһɱ֣ԱȻ࣬ȫʥеٮٮߣħײǣеħжվãͬΪӵȨƵħ⡰Ӱ͡ܣȴҲס
û뵽ԷȴǽΪʱһ֣һЦȻүӰ͸֣ô뽫үƸ¿һɡ
û⡣ħһߵͷȡƣһҶʹ˸ɫڳ˶ʥߣʹҶ㽻ʱ֪ػᵽ裬װȡ֮ʹɫȴܿ
ҶǴ֮ˣȻ֪ħԼ޷ƭЩ˵ģħԼʹɫȻǳû֮⣬ʱ׼
ħޱؽֱӵΪߣΪ߽ӹһһüͨƣ
ȻħһֱûйرգʱͻȻ֮ץȣһ֮䣬һڶһ½Ϊס
һ֮ʣʱʶݲԣиҪħ֣ҶȴѾһǰһȱʥֱӽ˲סͬʱȭִճȭȭֱλʥߣۼʹȻΪǷϵʥߣȴҪɱȭͷѾ
ֻϵʥ֮ȭȻûκο£ֱӻȭӭϣ˫ȭͷһӴ˵ɫһ䣬ټȴѾʱҶͬʱѪ˳ȥ
Ҷ㲻֣ʱлսװеսǹս񽣣ͬʱ˳ȥʱŹᴩմ
һʥͬʱ𶯣Ƭ̼㽫ɳ


654 
ת֮䣬Ҷˣһ̧֣սǹսٻԶϰγɻصҶߣֱͶ֮С
ħȻ֪Ҷɱ˲ڻ£ȴδϵҶʵ֮ǿȻɲǼˣɺһԾ
֮ǰҶʹǿǷϵ֮ʱҶ㾹ȻʹϵǾһ亹ϲ⴫ȻǷһ壬δйš
ʱΪȴҲƾԼǿӲǻ˲Լľʥӿ֮ʱҪħṥȥ˲ӦΧϢתͷһȴĸͬ۶ѾҶȴԼɾһ亹мæȭֵ
ҶȭӲ³һѪһҧתӿҶһһʥȥʱס
ôܣ֮ǰȴûҶչʱҶϵʥ߾ȻԷɾִУʥȫ֮£ʱ΢
ߣҶѾӦ֮ʥ֮һ֣ȴһǴȥħἱæսǰȥ
Ƭ̼䣬ѾһɽֻɽΧĿУʮλʥ׽ɱΧĵϣȴѾʮʬ壬ֻߴħʥףʮʬ壬ֻͨĳۡ
ȻЩǵŵˡ
ʱʮУħʥʥֻʮˣʣʮˣȴһ۵ĵˡħʥ٣ȴǿʥŵ˲ǣûʥǽ֮ʱֿȭֳһ㣬ȫ·硣
ħУһĿ࣬гɱ֮ɫǿߣһʮʮλǿ߽֣·磬ռϷ磬Ѿʮ˲ΣһǴѪѪȾǰ󣬷ȻҪľƬ̣ܽʮ˾ʰ
ʱתͷħʥߣŵ
Ǿ裡ħָ˶Ҷ˵
ȻҶҲһͷ
һʮȴΪŵʥ෴ʮ˸ǿᣬʥеǿߣȴ˵֮Х淭ڣˮ죬˵ʮλϵʥߵķȴͬʱָļǿʥʹԼڷ֮дߣ𺳣
ʱҲͻȻˣĿøΪһʮ˽֣һͶһʲôˣ
ȡˣҶһЦͻȻǰ
Ŀһʱһ֣һֱζһʥʱҶ
ʥȴһӿǿʥսʥһӽҶʱһǵذһ±㽫ҶС
ħ᲻һʱҲ˲ֽ̧֮࣬ǰŻеȡ˳֮䣬ųһʮɳľסҶȥ
ȣһȣʱһϸħᣬǳ໹Ϣʥ̬ȴħ᱾ˣ뵽ħᱻ˻ʥǿ߷²֮󣬽Ҳȥ
˾Ȼܷħһķȴ費ġҲЩֻһһħӿȥҪҲУʰ
ʱһЦ裬ΪССʥסң
ɲ֮䣬һƿӿ˳ҶӰһŰ֮´ݶעԶ裬Ŀս֮⡣
һŰȴʥĲҶڼӿ֮ʣӦ֮𶯣֪ʵˮ֮˲Ųܣ佫Լס
Ĵǵ轫ʥջ֮ʣԼͻȻһٽɱʱȥħᣬɵħİȫǰɱ
費һϲǰİ˾ȻҲӵһˮϵʥȴԼǿ
Ҷ̫СģһʥΪˮơˮɣޱˮˡħἱæһ軹ʥǽɫľ֣Ϊֱֽ֡һ֣֮תޱ߹֮仯ˣһȼյĿľΪľ˵Ƿ֮ľӵǿĻ֮Ǿ޴ΪܺǿҲϵţһ׷ˮȭܷųֲͬС
˿
Ҷʵһϸһ룬βεǵһλӣ
һ֮䣬Ѿ˹ȥ΢΢ü֮ʣһ֣ľʱҶ˹ȥһһ棬ֱӻһֻ޴ĻˣХҶ
޴Ļն裬˹õϵɽҲð̣һЩСʯȴֱӱ仯ɫۻ
úãҶһһ֣ʱ򿪣¯з˳һץд¯Ƕ׼ǻˣһ½С
ǻ¯зڣҶʥ֮ʣ¯ȴʥ˵Ļ֮С
ĿһȴʵһҶˮ֮Ҳʲôʱľ֮Ҳƽ⣬ʵˡʱҲ˲óûʮ˻ܣֻתһĶԸҶ㡣
ֽ֣ʱΪСɽСɢޱ߹ȣһʥ֮ʮ˷ѹƣֱҶɱȥһݺݻ֮ʣʱһ޴зųҶݺ䡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮ʥͬʱΪӳϡ̧ͷ죬һƺܽ½͵ػһӭȥƻ֮ϣʱ䣬׹ⱻ赲סòɢҶȴƾһ֮ͻһƣ㽫һƣ
ɫüΪѿһսƾĴʥ֮ͱǿȴδԹ̡ҶµĶ֣Ǵûһʱ䣬вӿһɺ⣬̲ס룺˭ôδ˵һλǿֻҶ֮ȣȴҶ㣬˭
ѣ㵽Ǻˣ̲סʵΪҪˮ
ΪηҪ뵤ŹȥҶʡ
ǰ˵ٻ˵˷ħʥ֮ȡһǲʶôϽ֣ұֻҽڽ
һȡþ޴ôֿɽʹ岻߶ͶħһãҶЦ
㾿ǺˣԽԽǸ˽ħʥĻˣӡȫ޴ˡ
㻹²𣿡ʱħһѽߣָ˱òֳңָ衣裬ƺȴɣ
㣡Ŀⲻһ
ΪֻħӰ͡ͼ𣿡ҶʱЦŽӹ˻ͷҼүûлô֮ˣֻ£סһ֮ģֻҪһڣ˭Ҳ˵Ҽү㲻ܣ˻ʥҶҲܣ
˵֮䣬͵һȭһִʱ˹ȥ
ƣĿ˸͵һƻȴһϣֱӶһ
ֻΪҶһ֮ȴϲʥ֮һײ֮£ʱ˴ֱӺ÷˳ȥշһҽС
һߣֻʱȥ໤ʮλʱѹһᣬһһ׷䵽ϣȴʵ֮ҲѾûжˡ


655 
ۼ豻״ɳȥʮħʥʱֽţҶǿҲֻһˣʮмλ֣Ҳĸҧ֮ȴһ쵼һҶ˹ȥ
ҶһЦ֮УȽ˻ɱʣʮ˼һĿɿڴһ֮ʣҶȴѾųһӽʥʱԼϽ÷ǡ
˹ǣʱӿȴֻһ˿㣬ûɶ˺
ʱħȴҲȣųһ޴˲ȥӵһЩʱס֮У顣
Ƭ֮䣬ʮоһ룬ʣµһ˵սľٲ˽֣æ豻ɴȥ
ʱѾٴθϿСɫ԰ޱȣǰһƬѪۡ
ҶŴˣԽԽӦɱԼһȴǺʥ֮ɱ类ɱȻˣȴһж֮ʵ֮ǿʵڿɲ
Լʥʹ⣬ֻҲδ׻ܴˡ
ȴǱ֮ʥ֮޺޶ʲôʥô
֪ʥ𣿡ҶЦһһְɣ˸ġ
裬ǵıѾ¶ħһһҪǵıڣ˶֪ħ㹴һкʿĶУ
ħᣬ˶֪ͽЦ֤ɽƷˣ
𣿡Ҷ΢΢һЦôɷܽһ¡ħʥ˴γ˻ʥΪʲô˵ҪӵأΪѡʥ߾ƣȡħʥ֮أֻҪ˾ܿд⡣
ΣһĲмʥñսʧ߶ѡ
νҶ˵֮ħҲûצʱٲǷǹȻԽ
ɱң費ЦĿһȴûôף
֮䣬еֽһҶ㵱ͷһ֮䣬һȵչҫյۣħ᲻üӣս˫ȴԸеâĿȷųһסԼžúЩ
Ҷкһּ̧䣬Ѿзɳһ޶ܵǰסǿµչ⡣ʱһȴ·ɽҲ˿ÿʼۻ
Ҷ΢һü䣬ڱ仯Σ͵һںһ֮ĺޱߵĹʱɢ
ʱʣµλħʥȴҲʧһϢҲҶ㼱æʥȴֻӦһƬˮˮ֮Уȴһ˿ҲҲ
ȴҲֻܽڸˮɢҳ˿
ˣҶһü
û뵽һҲһ֣ħҲþȫ޷ҵټҡͷ̾ڵһְ
һԼħʥеһ֣˼Ұ˻ʥһִôң̲סеɥ
λˣʱŵȴһʮλʥߵĴ֮Ҷǰ׷׹Ϊһλ뷢԰׵߼˵Ǽʱ־Ԯֻ±ŽվʹҪˣ
£ûһ๧Ϊ
λ񡣡Ҷ㼱æֻ
лңҪллλħЦŷ˹˽Ҷ㣬𷽲Ը¶ݣһʱ֪ôܺá
Ҷ㣬ǰ˻ʥˡҶŵһ˹ֵ漴Ҳȡ¶Ŀ
ȴôӢۣһ˼ʶҶʱҶᣬɶһ
ûĻҶȴǷ֮ö԰ɣһλʥ̲סе㼤ʡ
ǡҶһͷҶĳڷ֮ʱȴ֪ζõɲͬʵҡ
ţŰʥ߸̾
λ֪ΪҪΪУҪأҶʡ
ǰµҩǵĻԷΪ׵곤߳̾һ
ҩħȤ
λ˵ǵűҲɣֻǼǧǰһκƽ٣ʹ˲ŵ㣬֮һʱ䣬ǰµҩȴҩ߽⣬ֻʣһЩĳԱ֧ɲԲǰӢ顣չɣֻһЩóͬʱԿ޽Ϊ֣ߡ
ǹгԱ𣿡Ҷ㿴ʮˣ̲סʡ
ֻʣЩϲˡߵͷ˿·Щʬ壬ȴ
ЩˣֻҲ˶ˡһλʥ߸̾šʥҪΪУǣĻл·
ħ죬Ҷȴλڰ˻ʥ֮УȴҲһƬԼ򣬱ʥҲȨ֡λǰȥҵ֮ѰһȫĵطΣ
⡭λʥһʱԥ
ħ᲻ɰ̾һ֪ħѾҪģȻǼ˲õҩԷظЩ˵İȫЩԼߡҶһ£ţ㲻Ҷˡ
򣬾ЩˣȴʧҶһǿߣһҪܸħ衣
ʱȴһҶʩӵʥѾʶˣĻҴʲôҶ˼
£ɣɴ˳ˮۣٻܲҶĺøС
λǰϿҵ˵ħʥɣħһҪֻ꣬ºܳһʱ֮ڣڶ̫ƽˡ˶Ǻݶ֮ˣȥˣһҪȥģҲ鼸λҶȥʵʲô˸ðأ
ðɡʮʥһ󣬱׷׵ͷǲ֮ֻҪܸǰǾ׷ߵľ磬ǱԸ⸶һС
Ҷ˵ţѵûκαʾ𣿡ħʱЦʡ
Ҷ㿴˿ħᣬǾλЩɰˡԲôʹ棬ȴҲҶϲҶΪȴûʲôܣ滥ãȫԡ
⡭ŵʥ߶¶Ϊ֮ɫε˵޳ȴ֪αҶˡճ֮ҶԸҪĻƽʱĵҩ͸Ҷ
ʲôħЦ˵ǵҩأɷҶһأ
⵹ûʲôû뵽ԷӦĵʮʹ죬ǰ׷ʥֱȡһŲύҶ㡣ҩĳˡ
⡭ȴħᾪˣЩҩǼٵġ
Ҫ֮λôĽңҶʡ
֮ѡϲһЦʵ֮ǰҪʱǱѾԭˡθȴǳǸúܡԭҲãҲã涫ȴһġ
Ҫɱڣħһ̫ˣ
ɱڣǱǽ汾߿Ц
⡭ħῴһĲ⡣ҾͲôˡѵ˵㽻ҶҲǼٵģ
Ȼġ˵
ħԼŪͿˡ
汾ǽҲ汾һλʥ˵ֻǾǣҲ޷ҩϵļضƳЩҩˡ
ŶҶĿһ̲סǹŲῴ
һ֮£һϲ
ǾȻʮֵҩҩʥвʥвʥв֮ʥ
ֱһᰡκ˵ЩҩķӴģƳװӣǱʤκǿʥǿ


656 ħʥ
Ϊ޷ƳҩѵΪҩԭд֮ɣҶ㿴żɻʡ
Ҳ޷𡣡Ϊ̾˿ʦԣŷֱΪλǿѣȻҩ棬ȴû֮˵ľ档ǧһֱǱоҩеܣһһˣȴʼ޷ƽ⣬ǡ
˵ٴҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҷĳ֮ҲСоҶ˵λǹͬоҲƽҩܡ
Ǳ̫ˣû뵽ҶȻҲͬˣʥһʱȤ̲ס̾Ҷ֮
ȺеʥߣҶ֪Ǿֻۣ֮ԼʮҲٵɣһ֣λסҵأȻе۵ĻᣬǻҪ¡λħʥвµĿռţͨЩţλԵҰ˻ʥ߾Ҫ
˵һ֣Լһ˳ʥ֮һ龧Ƭ곤ʥУҵһҽ֮ʵ壬λҪһޱĹʾҵȻ֮飬ưŸλġ
ǡߵͷӹǾƬȻ̲ס̾Ҷ֮Ҷ˵˼䣬ħҪ뿪С
ħȴһ֣ȷɵһ߽ڵʬǰǱҶɱһλħʥߣȻѾյòΣʬ廹ڡ
ħһ֣һʥʬϣƬ̺Ȼһ硣ħʥƬ̺ҡҡͷҵһ߽ʬ壬һҡͷű㽫ʥɢЩѾʬ޴ʥߵ硣
ʥȴֻʥ֮պ˭Ե֣һʾ޴ĲƸʥߣȴҲѷصʵеС硣
ʱħǿʥЩ磬֮һһ򿪣֮ȴһȡһ΢΢һЦҶ˻ΣⶫǾͿ׳ħˡ
ү˼ܡҶһЦ뵤˸Ǻħ뿪С
Ȼ˲ʱ䣬Ҳֵõġħ˵һҩı
ֻϧҲԶҲûôҶһЦȡһռţڸһʯϰźãֱôռŵķʽٵػصħʥıԵ
ܵٶٿ죬Ҳ첻ִԽռŵķʽҶȴһҲһǰһвá
˴߽ʥ֮Уһ·ٵɣǰħʾһ齫ؽ˴˸л˵Ⱥ򣬲֮󣬽ӵɣ˴˸һ鷿֮С
һݣҶ㿴һλʥߡƺħԴһЩòħҲмƣһ˵϶Ҳһ飬һ߿һʣģôԼң
Ȼ˱ɣħˡ
үħһ֣Ҫ£ҪҶ˻֪ͨү롭
˵ţͷ˿Լ
ħػ˻֣ʱ˳ȥħһʥ鷿Ŷʵڿ˵˰ɣ
ʱ飬ҲվóԶ˽Ҫ˵Ҫ¼Ȥˣʣѵ˵ǱֳʲôӲɣ
ǵħ˵ֻڶ֮ʣȴ⵽˵ĹѾˣ֪ˡ
˵ʲôħɾöһ¡ϢԺ鲻Խس˶ݵĿհס
˭ǿĴʥ˫ĳǿ߰Ȼ˽ˣƵòߣϢ𺳳̶ȣһǾֱħͷϡ
ҲһɲǼ䣬Ҷȴ׼ȷذסֱӳ֣һһѾħǰħκηӦѾһȭشħĸҵʹħһ¹ͬһֻϺһ㡣
ĲҶȭϷ׵عħ޷ڣŰħʹٷ˼ɴ۾Ŵ죬ȴһعڵأȫ˲䱻ա
ħûг֣ȴʱһַųһʥħʥһ鷿Ϊι̵طʹκ˶ڵҲӦʥ仯
û뵽ɣҶһЦ䣬ųʥħס֮£ħڵʥһȴħܵ˸Ϊµʹ࣬в
үʵҪҪȡҶ㻺˵һүʱһ΢
ǡǾʲôˣȻ˴󵨡ҶʥֹͣħߣֵؿŶˡȻ֣Ŀȴǳɱ⡣
СӰ߱͡ûаص𣿡Ҷ㵭һЦ
裿ħȻŶˣȴԼˣôܡ
үκ˶˽İҶ˵ֻʥʱҲû뵽в֮İɣͻȻĻλֻҲִ˿ֱ顣
û뵽û뵽ħҧݣһڼУȴ׸֪Ҷֻһʥͬʱ𶯣ħʱҽһˤڵϡ
үòҪ̽Ҷ˵µĹȻҲֻǲʥ֮ϡ۱ֻ½Ҫһ֡ϵʥ֮ǽĴɱʥϣֻҪƣӱʱɽɳòҪ淴֮ġ
ħ޺޵ؿҶ㣬ȴղټз
ΪϵʥߣȫܸӦʥ̺ľ޴Ҷ㻹һڣ֮£Ҳ޷Ҷ㲻·κ
Ҫʲô̧ͷҶʡ
ʥʵҶ㻺˵ͲԸ޴ļһͷˡүһĺûᣬȻҪúˡүܺúϣʥ֮󣬻үܽӵеһУүϴӦҲֻүһˡ
ãҴӦħͷµȱסԼ˵νѣǱһһɡ
ǽ¡Ҷ˵мˣκλһȫʬãҶɽΪ׳ȴүͬھ
˼ԡҽʹͻȻѣһ޹˼ɵؽɱΪұҲûҪʹ˼
ħɫ䣬վһͷáʱɰܣȴٲ¡Ҳϣ˵
ȻҶһͷǺε
ħῴҶ㣬ȴ²͸Ҷ˼ѵҪɱʥʣ
ħȴһʥȫϣٽħôħʥĴȨǡ
ҶʱһۣĿд⣬ȴħоһĪļ¶
ʥ˵ţħҶħһһҡ֮˳ʱ˱ó֣Ϻ뿪һ·Żʹȥ
ƾħȨƣȻ׽ʹ֮СмΪͨһʱֱ֮һ֮Уħʥʡ
ȴһλ̬ݵߣϵʥʥѾ΢һƣһżʮλŮˣ¶Ƕ
ʥ䳤ҲڣȨ֪Լ֮ʱ̬ȴɱ仯Ҳ緢˼ʣȴҲֻǸֻ̰֣ܶһձһյĳĺˡ


657 ħʥ
ܰħʥʼħ룬Ż˻֣ʾŮȥкҪ°
¡Ҷʥ΢΢һħҪԼţǰһħʥһ֡ڸոմһ̣ȴ˼͸裿
ħʥʱü󵨣Ǻˣ
ү¡Ӱ͡һԱҶ㿴ħʥʣ΢΢һЦ
Ӱͣħʥһħܣô£
⡭ħʱȴԼҶ˼ɺ޵ֱҧ֣֮ȴ˵
үѲҶ˵ڴȨͼȡȴֻ֪ŷ֣α֮ϣλãȴӦҼүõģ
ˣħʥʲȻŭ͵һվڵҲ翴ԣʱγʥһ˻ֻħʥһ±֡
ǳ֣ҶȴѾȶֻһ֣б˲佫λڵأַӳҶϣһȫ׹˸ˡ
ҪʲôħʥʼҶ׺һУ˰ˣ
ħɫ԰ףӦʥ𶯣ȴֻվڵǰؿһС
ħߣЦ⣬̲ס룺ְ㵱ʱ뵽нգ
ݣŵһһʥɢȥţһӶʥ˵ڣҶ˶
㲻Ҫ֣ħħߵ˵漴˵һǣүֻܷģЩСֵܵĶ֣
˵̧һָ䣬һָ۳Σһ͵תǷȥ
ķȴһŽСطķٻ֮ݻ󣬵ʱΪݣȴҲֻһЩ򵥵ķɱѡǿķϵʥߣħʥҲе֣Ȼֻü򵥷ɱȴҲһˣʱλŵڵء
糱ӿ˽ֻƾ֮ȴ޷ɱ⡣
Ҷ㳤Цһ˻һ׹ǰ˲ɱλֱħʥʶȥλϻΣ֮ʣȻȴҲʧ˵ֱֿ̧֮Ӵһȴ뽫Ҷס
ǷΣҶѾһ׹⽫֮ƣ˿ٵس嵽ħʥʵǰȥһ˻ʥʮʿĳ𣬽һһ
㡭ǡħʥʾֵؽţ˵꣬ҶѾһȭػؿڡͻʥʵţڣȫ飬ħʥʷһҽУȫĿ׶һѪ˲ˤڵϣ״ҡ
ţҶһնħʥʵͷתһȵҷɣ뽫֮ջɱӹʥʣԴɣΪ»ʣҲ»֮»ʳƳұǲɱۣ
ʥˣӣ£
֮࣬ȻûҶ֮һӵϣҶ㹥ɱ
үСģĦаЦһĦ˵Ҷߣͬʱַųַ󣬻ɱλʥߡ
Ħı죬ħʥ֮ҲǶһ޶ڷϵǿߣĦҲȻռʥΣȴһֱĦ޿κΡʱĦᷢݣȻûǿΪζ˷Ҳһʥ߿ԵֵǿȫʩΪ£һȴ޷
ҶҲ̧ȥλʥ߻ʥԴԴ϶ۼҪ˰Χ
ҶʹɫĦȥһʱ磬ȡһռŰڵϣ֮䣬ޱȡϵ
ޱ̴ÿռŵߴαװκ˿ǰ˻ʥˣҪװħʥɣĦˣ֮󲻿¶õϳǵСĵȫɱУ
ˣޱûж˵һϻʱҶָʾҪ볤ۣͨװȻԲ棬װ֮󣬿ٵͨһ类Ҷ㲼úõռţħʥ
⵱ȻҪһʱ䣬ʱҶִĦĦӺɱ˳ǰһסȻȴСҶĦһһϵǰǧȴҲ޿κΣֻһȴǻʽɱս
ЩǱˣڲһпʼ˹ǽڣҪ⹬ֱӲ٣ܶԶγɰΧ
ʥδһӣҲһʥʹʱʥʶѾûˣܽɱʥãȴȻʲôҲܲˡ
һ룬ޱȴѾһ˳ɱ˽
һ˲䣬˫Ĺƾʱ˱仯
ɱȻ¶ԭһϳҶļƻÿ˱ǿеǿߣóȭҲһ˫һɱʱȫ֡
жž޴ĳޣħսʿʱ̲סЩѵۣͬһŸŭˣؽһħսʿ˺÷顣
еˣȫףԼΧʵʵαװӰԭǿгǣһƬƬѪꡣ
ڵˣȻ졣ҲˣĴԳ嵽Եģһ֧ľӣǧǿʥߣ
ǧʥߣʲôĶ赲
ûУ
ʳǧ֮ڣǧвʥߣǧʥߵĴȼֱֵһᣬȫ֮£Ƭ֮˹ǧһʱ䣬ѪڹƮҽ֮ڶ
ˣ֧Ԯ֧ԮһλλͳƴɢԮҶҾȴûֹ˼ȴֻħ̫٣Ǹ֮á
һӶӴ˷Ϯϼսɳ֮СҶҾһۣŷŭĸ֮ɱǣϽһһȺȺػѪ֮Сħʳ֮ƮһصѪ
ƽһȺ˻ʥеʥߣһ۾Ѫأͬ磬ȫһƴļơȻǵҶҾҪ͵̫࣬ȴΪһɺηƣħеµһˡ
֮УҶȴĦʹ˸ɫȥһ뿪㱾ݼӹѹһװлĦߣ˳ֱӽӹʥˡ
лҶ̫ĦۿһѪȵɱ¾չȴ쳣ӡۿɱ¾ԼͬĦô˵ҲһЩʹ֮飬һ뵽Լ˿ʥȨǿԵʥʵıޱȼЩ˷ܡ
ìУҶĵȥ취쵽ʥԵȥ߻ָ˱Ŀ
ȻѾˡߡͨʿȴҲ׽ΣһʥڵҪ֮УȱǷӦʱԼɣͽȴˣѾı䣬Ҫʥʲ
ʿǽŽ֮ʣʳһߵĵȴ˹ֻ˵ɣ췴ɱʥʣȴɵǲˡ
ĦʱԼѣڶ̶ʱڣ֯һֻ˵ĴŻʳɱȥǵ֮ʱǧʳǽѱ˻ʥǿɱѪɺӣʬء
ҶûΪĦ˶˿˻ʥǿǱŶħʥоһͬʵ̬ȣһɱ˸Ѫɺӡ
ħʥ԰˻ʥһսУ˻ʥ߶ʮˣѪծǽĦЩȫɱҲ꣡


658 Ӽı
ҶȻ֪أѾɱħʥʣܻԪĦȴҲǱ˴
ۼĦĴɱɾҶ֪Ѿˡʱһ֧֧鱻ĦٻţԶ߶ҶԾ֮ȥоЩһȴʮ֮ࡣ
ҶҲൢ飬һֵʱ˻Ǳ㲻ãһֱ֣ӽĦߣһãľĦɱˣүǿ쳷
漴˹ȥһʱһɱĦҲŲк󳷣Ҷʹÿռȥʱ䡣
ôһɱһ֮߳󣬰˻ʥһ˶Ѿȫ룬Ҷһ뿪ռ˳֮ʣȴʮöֱӰڿռϣһ˳ʱʥױըǿռˮнʳĩҲٳɱħսʿһ顣
ˣһ֤ݲܿǰ˻ʥҶΪˡ
ĦҲسһʱ˷ɣѾߣȴε⣬ҪС跴˹ڽʿǿȫɢĦͨвеֿ߸ɱۣ
ߵʼĦȡһϵжҶǱȴѾһ·ռظϣһ֮ص˰˻ʥǰҪ
ʥɡҶһǰҪƽ˵²ô֪𣿡
⡭ƽĨ˰ϵѪۺЩΪѵ˵ⲻðɣ
硣ޱʱ˹˵ѾǿѺˣ˵Լûбʥ򣬵ʱֻǱһסѡӣȴһδ𡣡
Ϊ˵ʲôʲôҶ΢΢һЦ˱ЮֶĦ
ɣˣҲٴʲôˡ˵˻ʥʮʿѾǵг˳ޡү뱣ڣҪɣȻҲֻɱүүͷ˻ʥӢˣ
ʱҶ㣬Ѿժߣָ˱ĿĦǾȵشܣٿҶεı仯֮󣬾ɫָҶ˵㡭ǰ˻ʥҶ㣡
ɲҼҹͭһЦ
ôܣĦȫɵۡ
ĦأĦأš
㲻ѾˣҶһЦһˣɲĻʵĦ᣿
ôܣĦɴ۾
һƱ˵ƻôת֮ͳ˽Լҵ壿һоôģ
ǧ㣬ȴ©һޱ˵õڲìܣС߽ǿĵˣֵ˵ĵȨת۾ͽǿлѡǱ֮ѵڤʥ޾ôˣ
Ħޱһŭģǰһȴȥ
һǶȶ߹ȥһһҽƹҿʮƣλüöѪ˹
үԼѡ񡣡Ҷ㿴˵үӲһҲҪƽҶĳҲү̫ʹġ
˵һʥͬʱ𶯣ʹĦȫҲеˣˣҶ㣬ˣ
˵ɡҶʥĦһͷ
ȷʵ־Э顣ĦϢ˵ʼǵԼҽҪľɹԼҪֵĸΪ˧ʱҾɱľĦ֮ҳȥһĸ󻼣һλĸʥ͢λ¡֪ս֮θı⣬Ϊ֮ĦᣬͬʱҲ֮¡ȴûϵվȻ
֤ݣҶʡ
СĦ˵ͷҶ̫Ƿ˵
ȻҶ㻺ͷ˵ɱ㣬һɱ㣬úÿ㡣
֤ݱ֮СĦһ˵һ߻Լ硣һǰʥ̽УתۼȴСɽһһѱмʮʥԭϡĵرо󳵣һЩɵС
Ħʾ֮£Ӻܿҳһ龧ʯʥһ̽ʱкһݸҶ㡣
Ħƻ˵Ȼ־ʯ־ȫպ־á
־δزͬͼҶһЦӹǾʯʥУʱֱӸӦĦ־ۼ˵Ц̸ųԼ֮ͬȴ죬Ҷ㲻üһʯݵƽǰ
ԼӦһ°ɡ˵
ƽԥŽʥУƬ̺ɫ䣬һӣ޳ܵӣ
ѺҶԸ
ͭʱһ֣żλ׻ʥһ뿪һѺһλҶǰ
ͦΣһһȺ۵ʱ䱻գȴǳȣûаңǰҶ㣬һЦҶɣ
Ҷʡ
Ϸ򡣡һͦ˦׻ʥߣȴͽ͡
ֵĶӣҶʡ
Լ͸һ˿׹⣬漴
ֵһúӡҶ֣˵һҼʶ˰˻ʥʥľҾصĺֵܡϧǣȴһܱȵ
ˣǺúߡ
úЦúͶ־СˣúۣͬкԼͬ
˵ʲôϷƳһۣתҶ㡣Ҷ㣬޹ְƾʲôѺʥ͢Ӿʦ֪Ϸһı֮
Ȼشҡʥ͢Χ֮ʣȴҶʵ
Ϸ̽٣ֱ׳˵û뵽˵оһϷȫභյηҾߣҾŵͻΧһͻΧϷʱ֧Ԯ˧ˡ
治ҪƳһηΪһͻ˵ֻѻ
ҲֻǿҶ㣬ЦҶ㣬֪һг𣬺Ҷ֮ɱˣңҸ㣬ļƲóѣʱɱңʥǰҶúòһʱ͵ųŰɣ
ϼһͦ𰡡ţȭͷÿ죬ȥ
Ҷ㣬ݲ¶ԱʦҶ㣬г˷ŭ
Ҷ㵭һЦָָʱǶһ˼ŵĦϵλ˭
ʶĦһۣҡҡͷ
λħʥɣĦ¡ҶЦ˵
ʱ͵ر仯ȴָֻƽҶ㲻òϣϼһαװı컹˵á
ҶǾʯ˻Σȴؼ־ĦᣬͬƶԸҳ̡
ɫʱȴɵòˣװһȻӣҶ㣺ģ
Ϸˡޱ˵ˣ
Ȼд£Ҳ֪飡
֪֪飬ȻʥжϡҶ㵭һЦʯһ֣Ѻȥϼӿܣ
ǣͭӦһѺȥɫ԰ףŲȴЩˡ


659 󹦳
Ҷ㲢ûʳԣȷʵĦҺúÿ
ҶҾ֮ʱȴֻһЦǴӦҲɱúÿʥҪδҾ͹ܲˡ
㵽δģ̲סʡ
ʱһĦֱʹʥʡҶ˵ҪʥʽħʥﳼĦħʥ򡣡
ʱͺǸˡӻͷҪôǱѺħʥãҪôǱʥնɱ𡣲ʱһȴһⰡ
⡣Ҷ˵ʱһٳ˫ͬ£ʹޣͬˡ
ʥֶһѰƽɸ̾ţҶǴһ
󹦣ƺһʦĴ󹦻ȴΪˣǵʥѽ
ơҶҡҡͷ˶ƵĻʱ죬ٲ˵һ䡣ƶһߣ𱸣˵̫çײˣϾǰ˻ʥҵȴǹʥ˰
з߷߲ƽ˵ʦǹʥһҪʦΪ˾ӢۣŲ˻ʥأ
ƽεЦЦҶʥ͢ˡ
ֱʥҶֶһ䡣
ĩ֪ƽæͷǣ࣬ĩһСµġ
֮ĦǱȴϢ˸л֮⣬Ҳ˺ϢعʥǱҶһ´òᣬع֮ʱһȴѳ䶨һ³ʥĴͽĦһĸɹռʥ͢λЩһͽħˣʱתͶĦᣬ׷׽¶ĦġСȡĦĻģԼϴԼɡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ѵ֮㣬ο֮£ĻҲûСҲȷʵھڵΧ֮£ȴǴȥ䲻ĦѾ֪ΧһһҪħʥΪС
˵ħʥѾĦ֮УֻһЩĦҪһʱ䡣
ңһĦ֮ʹĦλӱøȶΪĦϾǡħʥʵ֣˭֮ܽ˭Ϊʥʱ˳𣬽ֻλ׵õ˵ӵ
Ҷ㶣԰꣬Ҫɳʹ˻ʥҪɣħ
ħȻ֪еİʱӦ
ħᴫϢĵڶ죬һλȴڽʥߵı֮£ء
ȴǰ˻ʥʻĳɳ
ǰȴûоʥͬ߳Щ֮⣬ȴ¡Ҳ֪Լ֮ǰҶĲᣬʱҲֻ¹ôҶ㿴µϣҲܸλʥһӡ
֮һڣҶޱˣĵӭ˻ĳɳ¶ˡ˫һ棬ĳɳǿҶ㳤̾һ㣬֮ǰȻʧƫģҲǳΣϾҪһʥȨ۸ӣò뾡һа취ά
ȥ֮±㲻Ҫ˰ɡҶ˰֡ħʥǱ߼½Զڵȵֻǵ̬ˡ
ڴ֮¡ĳɳҶ㣬ֹ
ǧȷҶ˵ͷħǴ˫ľʯ˻ĳɳĳɳæӹʥӦ
ʱҶߣԼⰮͽҡͷһЦ벻ôӵһս£ȻֶôͽˣһΪѣȴΪʥһѣ
ʦôԼƺðɣҶЦ˵ҲħıеԷʥڷҵľƣ°ˡ
˵ĵɡ˵Ϊαȴ첻㣬ο²֮ˡɱʥʣܻԷ¿ɴӲ˰쵽ʥһһؽ㣬δģ
غҵؾˡҶ˵ʥ֮͢еȨĲ룬ӦӦΣһҲӱܡ
ǱáµͷҲǲϲȨˣһϣǵʦͽء
˵֮䣬ĳɳȴѾӦ˾ʯڵɫÿ¡ʯµУȻսȭͷһŭ𣺡øӣ
´ô죿Ҷ㵭ʵֻܽ±½ʧȥ֮ġ
һ̡ĳɳ˵㣬Ը𣿡
֮¡Ҷһͷ
Ǳãĳɳһ˿âǱȶְɡڵ壬Ҳ־˵צǣ־͡
¡ҶشϻĳɳĻ·ڹȥһҪλ˻ʥʼĲ죬ʱĻĳɳȴûֳκεĲر׼ҶҪ˵ʲô
ܼ򵥣߹ʥְֵ̫̫֮õħʥδȨ꣬ʥһ߻Ҷи΢ϵ֣ڵҶ㣬ѾûԼԦͨˡ
˵ҶҪʥ͢Ҳһ취ҲûС
ֻҪԸʥ͢ƳһжԺԲˡ
嵱ҲӢҶ˵ֻ׷˵ɡ־Ϊ飬Ѵ̣ȻӦԼ̵ġ־ӦÿԸһ·ɣҿǽʵж֤ǲһ
˼ˡĳɳ˵ͷһʥʣεȴʱҶ˼ǽš򡱵־һɷֱҪԸһȴ׵öˡ
մȨʥͥ͢һ£˽ͨʥһˡ־һڣƸҸһˣҲֻǼ
ıȨҲûÿ£ΪϾȨɹ֮һйͿɶԼд֮·ͬСɣǿҪ
ʥ֮λҲ˲㡣
˵ʥ֮λҲ뱣סκһҰĵΪΪɣ˱ʥȨ
ˣ֮ˣ־һ򡱵ʵǶǿҲĴ
ĳɳͨҶ˼ɵͷ΢Ц֪ٴ־֮µĺ÷Ҷ򵥵һ˳ļƲߡ
⻹ħ֮¡֮Ҷ˵Ȼڱڽ֮ɱȻǴģȴ޷ħħʥһҲ޷ĳޡΪħʥ̸ħȻӵҰ˻ʥ򣬵˻ʥ򲢲֧Сˣ˻Ὣħʥ򡣵ΪսҰ˻ʥʮʿ԰˻ʥҲΣ뿪
߾ͬôĳɳһͷҶĻͷ˵ȥʱĽʽҲһˡ
Ǵ⡣Ҷ㵭Ц
ĳɳ˵Ҷħ֮ʱȥӣĽΧеĳ̸
һ޶ҲұκδУڲҲֳɼЩеĳϣȻҲֵ֮λᣬԼлȨȴʥлͬʱʾȫʥʲ־
ĳɳ編ƣֽͶ־ʥȡ˹գìͷָ־
־䲻ɵӣϲĳɳֶλԼ߶Բ߻ûȫãȴѾûһˡֵشȫ֮ʥ͢Կ֮ʱȴַҲѾֻɣȻǻĳɳѾ־£˹ȥ
˹


660 ʥ޷
־ûоʹ˷ۼȥҪһϧЩ֣ûüѸ֮ƳʳǴɱĳɳѾҶҶҾΧס
ȴ֪ʵҶѴʥ֮Умһһǽ֮ʱ˳ش˳ʥʣѳ̡
Ȼ־һҶҾʵȫһӿ⣬־һЩʿʲô
ȥ־ûʲôˣֱӱĳɳɱܻ
֮İʱ䣬Ǵ־һˡЩΪӦʥʺ٣ַͬ־Ϳȥˣʱɵۡĳɳֶνһ־ǹȥ־һΪ߾ȴֱնɱˣʥ֮һʱȷѪꡣ
Ҷ㲻Ը뵽У˻Լأֻħʥͨ
ͨȻò˶ʱ䣬ҶȴǱĿʼоͷһЩʥ˵ģڣֵúúоҶ㽫ϸҵ仯ܣʮҵʱ䣬֮ȴνһ仯ʹܱ֮仯κһʥ֮Ρ
ֽαװߵ֮Уһڱ仯ɵʥ֮ޣػʥ޵ӣ˭Ҳ׿
żָŰٴʯϸԭͣʼʥٴʯ䲻Ҷţʤڶֲ࣬һ͵ʥȴʺɶһơһʥʦԷֹмȫ֮£ȴҲɹһ
Ҷȴ˺ֻܶ࣬ɵʹˣҲѾޱȣʤڿԴģƣȫװҶҾһʥǿߣʹǵٶһ
Ҷִںѻ⣬ϸоʥȴ𼱻ǵҵ
ȴæˡһ棬˸żɽ
ʲô°㼱Ҷʡ
췴ˣ޺޵˵
߸ղһʥǱֳ˷𣿡Ҷ㲻ЦˡһǸƽߵ
ˡ˵һٸҲҷҡʥޣһȺǿʥޡ
жǿ󣿡Ҷʡ
һǿǵĸ֡ǿߡ˵һԭȻҲңٱϻ˳ҵģھȻȻԣȻռһˣʮ˲䱻Ю֣òǵĺԡ
ôɱ򰡡Ҷ˵
ɡҡͷҲܶЩս֣ĻԼԼ»㡣
ңҶһЦ˼Ǳǵĵ̸ɱ
㲻Ǻ𣿡Цˡ֮ǰڤħʥʡŴ̿ͣҲ㻹˭ȥ˵ǱϷҵĽڣҺ㹴һͶʥ߶壬㲻һֵ˭һֵ
Ҳ˵ˣǼǿֶ࣬һֻ²ɰɣҶ㿴˵
ֱ˵ҪôɣҲʹ죬ֱһ֣󷽵úܡ
ԴҶ˵ʥĸԭϡ
ʥҲãҲãóץץͷȥЩ»ŪһǶǵ
ԼȥɡҶ˵Ҫ㽫ܿƵҿšȻػʥ͢ûţҪľص˿ߣͬԼһ㡣
⡭΢΢ü˵ͷðɣҴӦ㣡
ôͳɽˡҶЦˡһƬλúϸʣµľǵҵĺϢˡ
һҶ㣬ҶӦ֮£ʱһƬ嫵ǿաǿ֮УֲǧŴСһл֮أҲס֮Լʮ֮ϣֱסŲͬˣЩλãһž޴ϾסȴǸʥޡ
Ϊǣпǵĳʥޣʮһλ֮࣬ͨʥǧ򣬱鲼һΪһ֮
Ҷȴע⵽չֳϣȴɫشռ߳ɣ֪ʲô̲סʣҡҡͷҲֻȥＸΣ֪һжǵʱʥ̽鵽ĵطЩطʥ֮ˡ
ǻ赲ʥɼЩطЩ֪ĶڡҶҲ֮ԸҹȻʼ㣬ľЩ
ôһ˵ҵĺˡҲ˼ȻҲһͬȥһ˰ɣ
ֻδǾȷ㡣Ҷҡͷ
ǡҶ㣬̽ʣܸôȥ𣿡
Ҷһ˵һ߽ȡ˳һ·ֽɼǧԼϣ˲ͽ֮仯һס
ɻشʣûⶫڸϢʲôģǿȥܰɣ
ȻǡҶҡҡͷͻȻһʱֽǧȻһɸߵʥԳ󣬽ҶС
⡭һ֮αװǸʥԳʱƤë۾Ҳ͸һʣﻹʲôʥԳΣֱһֻʥԳ
ȵصɴۣϲ£졣
ʣӦһǷܿҵαװҶЦʡ
һڣɵʥԳҲڣͶҶһ޶ͬʱҲ¶һЦݡ
ۼǰ仯ҪΪһֻʥԳˡκų̾һҶ㰡ȻǸƾһףκһߣᱻʥ޵õ
ʶ𲻳ҾͷˡҶЦ㲻Ҳﻹһףֻ࣬Ըͬȥʹһס
ʹʥ΢΢üҡҡͷǿɲϰֶƾǿǵڡΪʣʹֶˡ
ǾźˡˣڲһҪ֪ʥԳһΣҶʡ
ͻȻɣҲ֪λˡ
˵Ǳͳһˡ˵Ǵʥ޲࣬Ҳϡ٣ҵô⡣ôͻȻʥԳһˣ
λѣǽԳᡣҶ˵ˣߵʮֻͨʥԳ͸ҵġ
Գ尡ͷǿʥԳһΪǿˡֻϧֻѾˡ
Ҷһü
λǽɰɣʣҶͷ˵ʥԳͳһģǲ֮ǰ¡ͳһ֮޾͹ȥˣҹΪɥɡ
һһΪѳʲôءҶ㳤һ
һԳֻʣһˣ޷ˡ˵͵ѾˡǧȥԳͳʥʧˡ
УǵڰɣҶ̲סʡ
һġЦһ㻹ǱǽӴɡΪһͳ֮£սġ
սսҶҡͷ̾Ϳ̿ȴֻΪһĳ١
ԹһսֻΪ˵ҰģһЦǵȻһ֮·ǹƽģΪÿһ鶼УΨЩǻ飬ȴʹԼؼȻΪ֮񣬺ѾѣʵϣҲһΪǰС
ԼҶεһЦ


661 Ԩ
ĿǰҶ֮⣬Ҳֻһ׷ƷЧλд飬һ׷Ʒκ˽ǣһķա
ϲûˣҲû壬ֻʥ޺ʥͳ֮µͨޡвƷǿĴڣһʥޣҲγһ֧µĴ
ˣҶ㲢ûдκһλǰûдѩӰΪѩӰϵϢ̫Ҷ±ʥ޸Ӧٿˡ
ΪҶ㻹ֻǰ
ʱѾԽǺǸϵҲ绯ʥԳ֮Σȫʥ֮¡Сĵؽӽʥ֮ҵһƿڣٵ֮УһƬ֮С
ȻʥһϵһУϵӪ֮УȴçײˣֻСĵйٸӦһУС
֪˵һλʥްĵ̣λʥްľﻹ֮ңõıײšһ㲻÷ˡ
Ϊ̫СĽûнϢţ鷳һֻɳİͻͻȻԶһɽͷϷӶ£֮㱼Ҷǰһ·ҶΪδĵ̡
ҶֻͻӦӿʥ֪Ǵ˵صİһü룺԰һľӦڼ֮Ŷԣôȴ
ֻʥɱĹâʱкâϢҲϵظǣҶֻʥսѾﵽߣԼ㲻һսģǸɴſϢʱʥӿһȭʥ˹ȥ
ʥһſҶֱҧȥɭɭϵʥݻ磬ȽҶҶһȭ춯أһٱΧԼ磬ʥϣһȭʥú˳ȥˤڵҶߴľ
ʥһҶһֱӻ˾ҶҧȥҶһȴʥԳķ
һ֮䣬һȭȵ˲佫籩ľôѣȻ󻯳һݺݺʥϣʥʮԶϱΧƣյʹУ¶־֮ɫҶ㣬ȴǰһȥ
֪ˣαصҶһ
ϣʱôһλǿĴأ
ʱһɭ𣬽ţ޴ӰҶΧ
ȴǰֻ޴ʥޣÿһ϶ɢʥʥϢΪ׵һֻǿ˵һȴһɵĺɫߣֱһεľ֮ϣͷӶסҶ㣬һǿµĹâ
ֻʥޣֻͨʥ޶ѣȻǿ󣬵ǵʥȴһ㡣
ʥԶЩʥޣʱŵɪɪ֮һۣмغһûõĶ£
ʥʱȥƬ̼֮С
ѾҶɴſֱӽʥɢ˳ȥ޼ɵӹΧԲ֮ء֮ڣǷߵʥ֮⣬ѾʥޣΪǡ
˭ҶʡαװȴøӵͳԵ
վֱӣʥԳͦţԵ÷ΰ
ԨҲɫɭ˵ŸӦиǿļһȻʮһλʥ϶Ǳǣû뵽ȻһĴڡߣΪҪǵ֮Уѵ֪Ѿ𣬶ȫٲκ˳ʣ
ҹô࣡Ҷһǿպ嫣ݺᣬȥȥܰΣ
ôĿԨһɱ֮⣬Ȼɷ˵ʱ֡һſڣһڰҶӿ˹˲佫ΧС
Ǻڳг˿µ֮·ܽҲֱӶסӡԨ֮һ㣬ҶȴҲоһĺ䣬΢΢ͷޡ
֪ǵƾһֻԨҲ򲻹˵ʣʮλʥˡ䣬ʥѾ׹зӳϡ
ڸ֮£ȴκܸӦһ仯
Ҷһ͵غһȭ޴ȭͷһճȭˣ̫Ĺâҫ֮УǺڳ˺ѳһӣҶһԾֱԨֱ˹ȥһȭ
Ԩʵһ͵һתۼѾڰ֮⣬ͷʥȴָ֮£һҶ˹Ҷһ˫ȭӶ֮һȵĴ󳱣ߴʥкȥתۼȭֻ÷һֻܹĹ͵ץסһβͣǴʹãҵֻҽвѡ
ֻ͸ˣһ±յͷĿѣ˵ͷھҵײ˲٣һ޴βͣҲҶնˣӺһ·˳ȥֱײ븽һɽУȻ󱻻ʯֱ档
ҶһŲͣԨֱ˹ȥԨûϵһʱɰһҶԿſһ³˼ʮڳݻһ˸˺ɫǹҶɴ̶
Ҷͣ½Ųȭ𣬽Щǹһ÷飬Ȼȫ֮£֮ʱ־αװȴûκ˿óֻǼ⡰ʥԳϴâȭơ
Ҷ㡢ʥһ֮£˭ܵˣЩǹȻǿҶȭǰȴɳǱ߽⣬ҶһǰѸԨǰ
ɫھ֮Уһݣſһڳһ½ҶСǺڳܷ˵ӾȻᡢζӦҲʹһУԼҲӦĿֲо
һʱ䣬Ҷȴ֪ԼʲôҲӦԼĴڣãã֮з·صδ֮ǰĻ֮УԼҲѾ˻еһӡ
ԨкʱͻȻڳ֮УϢҶζſһɭȻ죬ĶҶݺҧȥ
ʱһâȴͻȻԡʥԳһ¾ͽڳ˺һӡǹ̺֮ǿ׵֮ԨȻÿ죬żǱâɨУʱ÷飬۵ҽвֹһԺڳз
һʱľֵʹȴûע⵽һı׹⡣
Ҷ֮ƺڳ֮΢΢ָܸӦԼĴڣæԺڳ֮зԾһ磬ȫع飬ɳһ漴㿴ԨʹʱȥδָܻһȭϣߴշˤԶϡ
Ҷ첽ǰ׷ᣬԨھʹ֮ſһǹҶȭƷǹǰһԨƽԨȻѾ͸ֲ֮ɫһʥϷɢȥȴͬȡ
Ҷ㵱ȻԸᣬԨȷʵˣ嵽ǰȴҲЩѡ
鼱֮£͵شһ˫۱ͷǰֱ壬ҲǴĺǹһ˸˺ǹϣײ֮±ײñϷɢƺߣǿײʹ࣬ٶԨ˹ȥ
ת֮䣬ѾԨǰ̧ճȭͷһ˺ǹȫ֮󣬴ȣݺԨԴȥ


662 ʥ޵Ұ
ס֣
һȣһ罣͵Ҷ֮ǿֱӹᴩ
ҶȻ𣬵ȴԼݱ¶ֻ֮ÿȥ
ԷҲûҪ˺˼ҲֹֻɱԨѡһδ棬ɢ
ԨδԶеһǿһɱɣ
Ҷ̧ͷܣģʮֻСһһȫʥڵǿʥޡ
޴۹꣬β͵İ׺۾޲ӲϬţɫӥɫţɫ𣬳Żľ޻һֻߴɵĿֲܡ
ֻʥ޵ȴǷ罣ֹҶİɫ޺ס
Ǿ޺һԵʥţ߽һɣҲǾ޴󣬵ԨڵʮֻʥȣȴǸСӡ
Сӣȴǵ졣ʱǰվҶǰ̧ͷŸߴɵġʥԳʵ˭ΪҪǵж˺ǵͬ飿
ҲҶ˵żֻʥңֻԱѡ
˵أ̸ʲôԱԨһ󷢺ݣ߳ǵˣ
Ҫ˵ˡ޺׿ԨһۺתҶ㣬˵ϼףʥеͷ죬ܷ˭
ҹԳҶ˵ֻһֻĽԳ
ԳŻľ޻һ˵Գĺ˲һ˵ѾͳһʥԳһ塣
ˣҲҶü˵ʲôԳ壿˵Ҳ㲻ĽԳֻҲǽԳ䣬СǶ˱Ӧҵλӣҿʱ⣬ΪľǵõǿȻһͳʥԳ壬һ֪Ȼȡ˱ӦҵһУôܸģ
Ӧ޻˵
˵ѾͳһʥԳ塣Ҷһ˭ὫԼò׶ᵽֵȨ׵طſˣ𣿡
ô˵Ŀʲôϼʡ
ѰҰѰұأҶ˵Ҫø޴İ֮£ԭҵһУ
Ҷ㵱ȻȷǱǷиǿڣԼⷬȻ˿
أϼĿǵʲôıأǿˣ
ҲҶ㶢ϼףһΪûǿıأҲܲٷͳΣΪ֮򡣡
һʥ޵Ŀʱ˱仯סҶ㣬ʥӿ֮䣬ƺơϼ׿һۣǱ࣬ôԵرʾԼĵ⡣
ҶȴЦϹȻڡұ취֪ǵ˭ֻ˵ʲô
Ǵ취һЩʥ޻ɱΧָ֮ıʥ֮гΪһԱȻ취֮ƣʱ֪ǱȻڣȻҪȼ˵
ɱˣǸԨ̲ס˵
ԿҶ㿴ԨһЦĿǳ֮⡣
ⲻԨŭ죬ХһֱӣҹԳѾʮһΧôţ
ƴɱˣҲȫˡҶ˵޹ҰôƴһûʲôµġأǶߣӵʮӵġ߸ϵߣһ𣿡
Ļеʥ޶̲ס˼ҶǷѾʶˣǿд̾硣涯˵˭ʥԳᡣ
ѡϼЦЦ˵Ҫ̸ɣǶʥеĶǿߣһ㽲ɱôɱս塣
⻰ǲҶ¶Цݡ˵˰죬Ϊ仰
ϼܳΪʥеͷ죬ĲͷԡҶϲͷԵˣΪԽ˾Խױƭһ֮򣬷ôϵΪһֻ֪ɱɱ㽲˵ֻҲͬԨһ
λҲߡϼ׵ͷ΢Цô͵֪ûа׵õĺô
һʼô˵ҲòŶˡҶָԨ˵˱ҲΪսΪðֻ㶯֣ȴ˵ĻҲûС
㣡ԨҪ磬ϼһĿȥԨһٲԡ
Ǻֳ֮޾ķϼ׻˵ǷȴȫΪ彨ģûаϵǾҪַ֣֮ҲֻԶԶšĽš㲻Ǽ𣿡
кΰ취ҶЦһԸΪСС嵱ţǲǵġ
ǡϼ׵˵ͷָָһʥޡʥޣѾԣӵߡǻ飬ӦӵǻһȺ๲֮ͬУȴҵӦõ
ϼף㾿˵ʲôҶʡ
ʵҲǵͬϼ׿Ҷ㣬ɫص˵ĻҲΪʥԳһ屻һͳһڻҲΪȨֶ֮ŭ
ҲˡҶЦˡ
ߣ˵Ȧӡϼ˵ǵȷʵһǿޱȣӵǱҹԿҹ֮ǵѣҲǵˣǸ֮õİҲһͬΪס
ףҶһü
ϣҪסϼ˵ǻǱԼǿߣǲɶҡȻֻ֮ĪˡߣҲһӲԽ俴֮ǵõҪһУڱΪǵкβɣ
롭Ҷװԥ
޴ļһԨһϼϴҿֱӽɱˣЩʲô
ϼײԨֻǶסҶ㡣
ҪҼ֪ʲôҲҶ˵
áϼ׵ͷ΢ЦֻҪߣͶѡ񳼷ġ
߰ɡҶ˵
ʶһλѰɡϼʮλʥޣһһҶ
ǳһԻ֮ľ޻Ϊ𻢣ʵʮһλʥ֮ڶ˵ãǿߣȻǸհҶµԨ
˽⵽ԨҶ㲻ҲȻˡǿġʥޡκ߶ֻ취£һɱ֡
ŵĵǰɫΪɸߵľܣΪ˪ܣǺɫţΪʥţǻɫӥΪɳӥڰӲϬΪຣϬھëΪ۲ʮǰ׺ΪβʮһλǾ޹꣬Ϊʥꡣ
ҶһһǵͷԨ⣬ʥҲͷ⡣ϼ׽֮󣬲˵ѾռԼϲǼǣǿԸСأֳһظ㡣էȴֵܷ̫ء
νҶһ֣յĿ겻ǾССһϣǳΪʥԳһ
־Զ󡣡ϼһЦ
ΪǵĿֻ꣬ƫһ𣿡ԨмغһƺҪ˵ȥ
߰ɡϼʱȴĻҶ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ֪ЩֻҪԼʾ֮ǲŻԼ
Ǿʲôѵ̲򲻳ɣ


663 ϵĿ
ϼ׺ЩߴޱȵʥǣҶһ·½ȥ
Щʥ޵һ˲ͿԵκһطȴûôϵͽȥĤoһطУų羴֮ǴӽȻʱ½
ҶʱʶԼУҰشеһ顣
ڵѾЩһܣ޼ɵʹʥ̽ʥһʱʮһǿʥʹȻ޷Щɫش
Ǹϼ׳˵ֻΪǵ֮ͬǲ˽ϵһС
Ҫ˵ǸҡҶ˵ҲδǵɣΪ̽硣
ʵЩԨ˵ϸӦ̽˵һҪɱء
ԣҶװŭصԨ
ϼʱԨͶȥĿ⣬λǿʥʱеĺ⣬ʵ
ɼһ֮һ󣬷Ԩϼ³
һ·ǰҶȴԼظӦһǱˣʹӦһҶȴͬΪ̫Ϥˡ
֮
ʥУ֮⣬˱ҶϤ֮ˣΪгȡ֮ǧֻҪӦһ㣬ʱֱܷ
ô֮ѵ˵֧Ƕ
ҶĿⲻһѵ˵սδȴҪʥʥʲôĵطҪʥأ
ɻ޷Ҳֻܵȼǹ˵ˡ
ӽ½ϼ׵ĿҲ˵ǾҪˡҹԳʱ̬һҪܴǾȴҲʱǵһС
ˡҶ˵ͷעȴΧĿС
ӦһǿҵܣѾȫԿ϶Ļꡣ
תۼ䣬һʥһʯɽ֮ϡɽһ˹ƽ̨ϣһ𻺻£ƽ̨ǰɸߵɽʩ
ϣϼ׷ӣǹ
Ϊңһ𣬽ţǰɽ֮ϱӿһܣ裬ɽγһ˵Ǿ˵ͷһʥޣҶʱʣİͰ
ϡϼվ˵λҹԳǽԳʥޡ
Լ˵ɡҶܾˣװһվžһ
ġ˵ΪͳһʥԳһ壬һֱѧʿڻпޣӵһΪ֮ʵԸȴû뵽ȻһСһͳһʥԳһ塣ֻѵȭȴرӦҵһУ˲Ҫҵλ
ȤЦô֪п԰
ΪǾȻҷҶ˵ʾȻҵƽǡ룬ǱһиǿȻʹʣҲʹոʥԳһ塣
ܴ˵˵ͷϲˡãڱøΪǿɡ
Ȼ˵͸ϸҲʡȥ
˵֮䣬˱̧Ǿ޴ƣһֱҶϣڲ롣
Ҷ㼱æ룬ȻȴƾԼܵ˽⣬ֱӽһԼʥС
ʱоⲢǵ֮ȴĻڡҲ˵ʥʥȷĻļĳЩʥʥ
Щʥƽʱۣڹؼʱ̱пͻȻõʥǿʧȥҵ־ڶʱʥ֮
ܣˡ
ıĻһʲôıҶ΢΢üʼ˼֪Ļʥ֮󲢲ܳ棬Ҫʥȥͱȡʥ塣ôǰǿޱȵܾˣҲһһʥ塣
ϣڴʥ޾޴ʵȴǽַʽĻ뵽ʥǵ
Ϊʲô
ȻһΪ˸Ϊ׵ضЩʥ޵塣Ҫ֪Щʥ޶ʥ֮жǿߣ¼һ޶Ĵڣܶǵ壬ʥĻֱӱǿޱȣɨһУ
ǱǺһ
ܾΪγٳٲ֣ѵ˵ǹΪһʥ޵壬ʥһתǵ
һǱɹؽʥ磬һʥ磬ȻӵǿľӡǱΧʮ磡
Ǳ룬ȴĺôԼʥʱɱʥʥȴֻΪԼڵĶ˭ҲϣҲγһģֿͬһľ档
͸֮ȴˣȫʳʥǾ֮ʱһоͶѾˡ

Ҷ㲻Цһ
˱ˣ˶ԷĹƣ¶һž޴Ҳ޼ƿʩҶȴͬΪԼõľ̫ḻˣḻһĻ¶޷ȣΪϾĻ꣬лƼǧʥġ
һ֮䣬ҶڻڲٵʥܰΧ֮ѹۡ
翴ֻʥԳȴһ޵׶һ㣬ǿԴԴϵ˽ȥȴûбʱɽΪܾ˼״¶һ˿ȵı飬漴ȴ˷Ͻһ֮롰ʥԳ֮С
ȴ֪ԼȥȴҶѹۣһööӨľʯڲһöö
ԴԴ϶Ҷȴ߲ܣ֮ͳͳܾʯЩʯÿһöǿǱ޷󣬾ǿ
ʱһţһʥ޾ȵؿҶ㣬ֻܾ˻ڲϸ䴫ж͸֮ɫϼ׸΢΢̲ס徹Ȼô𣿡
𻢸̲ס̾ЩȴѾ屶˰һôô
ٹһܾ֮ȻҲЩԲˣջƣֹͣҶ㻺ص˵ͷܺãܺáҽȴЩܶģһ͸
лϣҶʱѧʥ޵ӣܾ˹
֮Уȴ磬һööʯб档
ʱȴͻȻӦеĺħѣȻЩʯ˹
Ȥ
˼һ֮䣬ʱʥʥ֮Уʮöʯһ²˲˵ȫ˺ħ֮СͬʱʥʥҲ¯򿪣ħѷУʱ
¯ƣЩ֮ȫȵطֲħ֮Уħؽϳһ塣ħѵʱ˾޴ı仯ĿռͻȻ˺ö౶ԭֻܴħū޵Ŀռ䣬ȴƺܴŸħūˡ
Ҷ۾һ
ʱҹԳͻȻϼףȴɻײײʣҹԳôˣ
ϴҵҶ㼱æ£񣬽رգϼ˵


664 Ļı
ʮһֻʥޣЩĽڿҶ㣬ܾɢʥǶӦЩȥҶȴظӦһܲɽ֮ϣǻΪĵطԶ
ϳﰡ
˼ţվҪԸĻ֮ǰҪԸʮһֻʥޡ
أһΪ㰲šϼ˵ΪҶ˸ԵʣҶ̬ȴǸӿˡ֮ǰȵҵؾסɡ
ҲáҶһͷҲҪ֮Ķ˵ҵĿʥԳһͳһ
ɢ˰ɡϼһͷһʥ˵ʥٴɽ󣬸ԷȥһΣȴǸԷӳתۼʧ
ϼʾҶԼŶһ½ȥúһƬɽ֮ϣһɽѾǵɽϡ
ɽϾȻһ٣ԱһĶΧɱ̲ݣֱɾһ㡣ϼ״ҶУҶ㷢ⶴʯʯʣڷʹƷԽԽɶ
ʱĽԳ塣ϼһƤ̺Ϸʥƹöӵߣſȥ
ʲôĽģҶʡ
һ˵һȴĵؽʥͷſСĵرܿϼ׵ʥӦı仯Щʥ֮ϣʱʥһУֻǽʥֳһ֣Ϊķ϶ѡ
ˣˡ
ǵӽ塣ϼ˵
ʲôõġҶЦ
ǰϼҲЦǵ̫ӴˣʵһרõĶҲ޷ʹõġϾǺֻҪܽСȫԽ֮һСǾͲͬˣ̫ӽޣעԶֻܾڶ֮УΪ顣ϧ
ѵҲ仯ΪΣҶʡ
ĸõǿǵʥ޲أϼ̾˿ֻϧǶᣬûֱ仯Ҳֻŷ˼䣬ͽһκΡ
ЦЦһգҲܻʱǲ˼ķԺɨ壬ӵеһжǵģɣʱ˼һжǵģܳɰǧĹһֶΪǶڣ浽ʱ尡
˭ʵǵԸأҶʡѵϣ
Ȼϼ׻ͷôϳվͨã˵ϣȴֻܴǰ
ҪȵʱҶʡ
ܿ졣ϼ˵һܡʵڻʱ֮ʱͻӵҪõףҪõȴҳϡ
ôϱԼļأҶװɴ׷ʡ
ȫԼꡣϼ˵ϻʩֿ飬ǿǳ£·ҪɱһǹУʼ֤㲻ϡϲңôϱ㲻෴ܼܵõҪһУ
ˣҶѾϴʲôˣϼǰȴװɻ
ϼͻȻվһӿ䣬޴ȴջΣȻһӢ湫ӡ
һ𣬴ʱȫ˰ɫĳʹԵг֮ˣ·һ㡣
㡭Ҷοľˡ
һ˲䣬ϼΪζڴǵԼ˿ΪԸԼһᡣ
ΪԭѾǱѾĻȥ壡
ʱվԼǰģͲ˻ϼףһȡϼĻ꣡
Σϼ׵Цš϶ҳϵĻر
ֻȵõ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼϼ׻ͷΪҶҳϣϱһ塣֪ζʲôζиʱӦ壬иʱʹˣҵԶʮֻʥޡʹòͬٶҲɱò˶ãҾͿԳΪʥеǿߣҲٲ÷
Ҷ㣬˵㱾ǿܵõٶٳɱĻֻöǿأʱ˵ͳһʥԳһ壬뽫ʥ嶼ͳһ˭ܵס㣿
ããҶ㻺ͷ͸˷ܵĹâ֮ڵȴ磬Щʯȫ˳
Ѿ⣬ʹϼ֣
һ˲䣬еľʯǶڲת֮ͨҶ㣬ֱӽ仯統һʥһγһöµġ֮Ĺ
ʱϼ׵΢΢仯ƺǸӦµĻ֮ҹԳȴʲôҲ̲סȻ㡭ڸʲô
׼Ҷ㵭һЦͻȻ佫ǹ˳ϼĻҲûУֱӱС
ǹֱײϼ׵ڣ޴ûʱɢռϼÿһ䡣ϼ׵ɴ۾Ҷ㣬ȴ
û뵽Ļʥ硣Ҷ㿴ϼףڡһ֣һʥʥһϷǧһ޶ܣһ㽫
ҶԳڵ棬ߵϼǰ
ϼ׵ɴ۾ܷͬһô壡
û뵽ɣҶҡͷ̾Ϣʵ˵ʵҲû뵽û뵽ĻҲʥ硣ʥ絽ʲôãĻҲҪȾָ
ϼ˵һȴҪ
ѾˡҶ˵Ҵڵģǡϡ͸ҵľ޴ܡĿ֮£޷壬ǲܵġ
˵ţϼһģȴһʹϼܿ˵
Ҳֻ˵ѣ֮ͨ磬ȴȫ޿ܡ
㾿ʲôˣʲôϼʡ
ȴȵĿ־̲ס룺һôαװʥޣô֪Ļꣿô֮ܿ
̫ʣ˼ҡе֪𰸡
зʵȨ𣿡ҶЦһ֪ЩҲԣ֮ǰҪȸҡʲôˣΪνʥ磿ǵкͼı
˵ʲôϼһҧʥϼףҺĺ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ̽ӣΪɱңܴӳ𣿡
ҶҲúϻһģھҶܣʱϼ׵۾ʱɵϴŴȴһ˿
һּȵʹ࣬ȫΧʹ֮⣬ѾٸӦκһС
Ҷɿ֣ϼʱȫ졣ҵĴϢţȫ鴤۾Ϸţ·ʱȥ֮ĳ鴤ֹͣһֿ־Ҷ㣬·ŵĶ
ˣҶ㻺˵ʥû˱Ҹ˽Ļ꣬û˱Ҹ˽ǵܡҿһ亣ڡҲУĻҲҰ˽ܡ
㡭㾿ʲôˣϼ
֧̱ܶڵˡ
˵һ飬ûзʵȨҶ˵ڸҡǵкͼı˵򷽲ʹ࣬һٴκúƷ
ϼ׵Ӳ


665 
ǡֻһЩߡϼ׼ѵ˵ֻҵһ鰲֮ͨʥ޺ôӮǵΣڴ˵ذȥ
ǲɻصġҶҡҡͷֱӽְϡڵʱϼٴγֿ־嵽˼ı顣
֮Ҷɿ֣ϼֱӻ˹ȥ۾ףϢɢҡҶһŲ˹
Ļ޷ʥġҶ˵ҪﳤþסȥǱҪȡ֮ͨ޷ǵǲŻᶢʥޣͨǵ壬ټԸ죬γǽ֮ǿ壬˵ûɣ
ϼ׼ѵص˵ͷ
Ҷǵ˽ⳬ󡣡Ҷ˵ƭôඥʥޣû׼ȡǵ壬ȻԤıҪĻƭңĻɱ㣬ȻȥǡϡܸӦܵĶǲܵġ
˵ϼ׵־ȻѾˣ˵ţǡǱĻɳߵĽ졭
ģҶһʡ
ֳǽС֮ʱѾĴȨôʱ䣬ĻˡҶôһʣȴΪϼġ
ȻҶֱ˵Ļ֮ϼײɾĿɿڴȻʣ㡭ô֪
㲻ҪƭҡҶЦһһЩ£Ҳұ֪ø࣡
ѵ㡭ѵǵСӣϼ׾
ûʵȨҶ˵شҵǼʹ࣬ѡ񣿡
С֮ĻһֱģǼ׷顣ϼڿʼ˵ʵˣھѰ֮ҵһռѿڣ˳ѿڱʥ硣ǷȫһַҿͻĻ̬ƣõܸ֮֡ǣǾٻ磬ȥǵˡ
˶Ļ꣬Ϊûһνеʥȫ壿Ҷ׷ʡ
Ϊ֮ʮָӣһȫں֮󣬱ٲܱ仯ʥ̬ϼ˵˲ֻһ˶֮ǿԼȫ֮ںϣܱʥ̬ͳʥޣ취ʥˡΪΪ
ΪѾ֮ͨͨǰ԰ɣҶߡ
ǵġϼ׳̾һ֪ʲôҲҶ󣬷ˡǿռѿһֱڣʹܽܲǱ⣬ɡֵΪһǿʥˣȻĻᣬǵ֮вĻ֮ʱɼԿƣʹǸ׳塣ÿĻ˶в٣вССɫܱˣ㶼ռʥ֮壬Ϊܳưһǿߡ
ֻջô˷ưʥɣҶʡ
룡ϼ׼æ⡣ֻñȴǰãøΪʶѣ򲻸ҴҰġ
ʹδ棬ڲõĽǵﵽĳֵزʱҲػҰġҶ㻺˵ԡĻ꣬ʥߣ̬
ȻҲ֪֮飬ְ̧ɡϼ׳Ͽҵ˵
Ǹ²Ϊ֮飬ͿԱԭ£Ա̡Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ϼ׵ɫüΪѿ
˶ˣǶǱںδͨķʽҶʡ
һжʮˡϼ˵ʼʱ˹ͬϼףҶʽʥ⣬ʮ˶ʱͣڿռѷ֮Уȴʱ
ʱҪ˶ʮֻʥޣȻһ仯𣿡Ҷʡ
ǵġϼ׵ͷЩ˵λʵ൱˭ȵ˶᲻ͷңҲȵõ߻ᷴͬ飬ԲŶʥ޶Ϊľǿʥˣټʮֻ󣬴һתʥ硭
ԭˡҶ㻺ͷɳ˼ռѷһֱڵĻĻһֱлʥ磬ô±زܶϣ˵γ֮ĴսӣǴ󻼡
Ҷ˼֮ʱ֮һʱһɶϼ׵ıĻ꣬Ȼ׸֪֪ԼΩһĻᣬʱ͵ؼȫһ¶ɣһҶһȭһĽֱҶŴȥ
ҶһѾһԣһƾҶܵĸӦ㻹͵ϮңԼ
ֻһϼ֮ʱըһҽУһĻ˲䱻ϼ׵壬ڿ±ɢ١
ϼ׵֮̿ٵر仯ָֻǾ޺׵ֱ̬ˤڵϣɢȻûȥȴҲϾ
Ҷ֪а취κҲһֻǻȴû˼ʬ⣬ûκ塣
Ҷ˵һ壬ȴǱȡħһ£ϼΪħūޡ
Ƭ̼䣬ϼױվһʱħݺᣬһ׵ëҲһаɫԭ֣ǡϼ
ҶֻϣֱҹԳģϼɢʥ̽飬ʱ֪ʥ޵λãĳ۲ضȥ
תۼ˳۲ľҶڣ۲ӭ˳ɻؿҶ㣬ͷʣҹԳ㵽к£
ܷĶ˵Ҷһָ۲Ķ
ɡ۲һͷתڶȥҶ֮룬Ƕ֮УֻŵһζȴλæΪ۲ʳ
ҪҪһø緹۲ʡЩ˶вգרŴʮóӡεʳҲһֻĴζΣ
ȷʵҶһЦȴЩҪҪ˵ʳͲˡ
ɡ۲Щɻ󣬵ҹԳѾԼͬ飬ҲûʲôɷģҶڶȥ
ЩȳȥɡҶ˵»ǲҪñ֪Ϊ
ʲô£۲һüǲոʶƺû쵽̸һЩ֮µĳ̶Ȱɣ
Ϊʵû˭̸֮Ҷ˵Щȷʵ˳ɻ󡪡ڷţϼ׶˵һЩǹϵģȴ벻ֻͨ˵˵֪ˣұˡ
ôļҲû˵㡣۲һ롰ϡйأʱı̬ȣǻǵȥ˵ɡʳ;Ͽź¡
м׵Ľ̸֮أҶʡ
ġ۲һЦǡ
뿪˶ɳǧ֮ңȴһɳĮݲһƬɳࡣ
۲·ȥʥ䣬һƬɳʱֿ¶һһ붴УصסȴһΪĶ̫ȣȴ΢һЩҹǶڶ֮⡣
ôﲻɣ۲תҶ㡣ҽ֮ȫõıš
ұˡҶһͷ۲ʵϼ˵˶Ը⻯ΪǷˣ
Ȼˡ۲ͷЩ޴ܵļһﲻͬʥ޵ʲôùģĺӣȴ˼ӣǲɵӰ
һ˵һ¶Ľɫ
˸ͿԺɨ硣˵ʱ彨ķ磬͹Уǽô
ǶģҶʡ
ȻʮһôΪѣۼһ𣿡۲һüʣʲô㵽Ҫ˵ʲô


666 ħū
Ҷ㻺ͷȫףûĻ깴ʮһֻʥҲǰؼļһȥǴ󺦡
뱣ˣпõơվֻԼϵأ޷ʵƿء
˵Ѿһϼ֮ϼ׸Ƕ˵ҪϽҲӵб仯֮Ҷ˵
ʲôһʱó۲һȻ˵
һɷŭ֮ʹ۲˫۷⣬̲סŭϼʲô˼
ҶҡͷҲʲô˼ܾƺʲôıӡΪ۵ȺҲӦȵݺôŶԡ
ȥʣ۲ţתȥ
ҶһЦڳ۲ȫ޷ؼⱼȥ֮ʣ͵ſƣһѾס
Щ׽۲Χ˲䱬ըתУиų۲塣⧲֮£ǿʥȴһըˣƤѪɽ
ʹĽȥҶѾһȭĲߺݺݴ˹ȥʥ类Ҷ㻯׵ӳϣһȭ֮£һ±㽫۲÷ɳײڶ֮ϡ
Ȼ𶯣ƺʱᵹ
۲ˤڵϣֻгûнȴȻ֧Ų˶ˡҶ㳤һʱȡħѣ۲Ҳħū֮Ѹ뿪ض
棬һӣһʥʱݶɳƶضƽ
ħūޣҶĸʱУֻʣ˾ֻʥޣҶԭеħūУԳСʺս⣬ڤʥʥǿޱȵĽɫټϼ۲Ĵħūޡ
Ҷ㻹ʥ֮ڣֻҪСĵؽֻʥޣһսʤ
ԽˣԽҴ⣬Сĵ˵ɳӥӴȥ
֮䣬˼һȴϮɳӥ⡣
ɳӥסǧɳĮһߣһƵʯͱ֮ϡҶһӽɳӥֱӭ˳һ֮ɫһҹԳ㼱ҴҵضΪ£
ɳӥңҶװʧ룬һָ󣺡۲ˣҪҳˣ
ʲôɳӥһʱҶ󷽵ɳĮ֮пɳһӰԶײɳٶɳӥϸһǾȻǳ۲
һԭһëѿʱëȴȫɫĳëһԺȴøΪĺֱǵѪһ㣬Ҳһɭµɳӥֱ˹
۲ô⸱ģˣɳӥ㵵ؽţۼ۲ͬһǿʥ͵һХΧɳʱӿջһֻ֣ų۲ץȥһ½ץס̶ڿС
۲һӿһƬɳľһʱʴÿ䣬۲תۼͻ֣ɳӥ˹
ɳӥһݣʱҪͼʥ۲䡣ʮһλʥ֮ߣ۲ھţʵȴǲȫ֣۲Ȼ˲
ʱɳӥߵҶȴˣһȭݺݻɳӥıҵɳӥҽһһѪ͵ŵȥ۲ʱѾһſһҧסʺȴû׹ϡ
һҧȴԶˤڴϸҡɳӥĲӲһͱ۲ҧϣһ˫۾ʵԲţϢȴѾʼٵߡ
ҶȻ˷һֻʥޣħֱӽɳӥҲΪħūޡ
ɳӥħ֮ȴҲɫϼס۲һ޶Ҷ֮ǰȡħūʱÿħū޵ı仯вͬȴȫһ£ҶЩơ
ѵΪ֮ʣ
Ҷһȴ뵽ֿܡħΪӰ죬ͻȻɿռ䣬ҲЩʥҲܵܵӰ죬ʹתͬһʽı仯Ҳȫһ¡
仯ʲôӲҪҪǵڡ
ģȴǺʥţأһƬޱߵɽ̺ŷḻ󣬼ֱеһһ㡣ʥţסɽ롣
Ҷ編ƣȴ۲ɳӥһ·Сų˺ʥţأúʥţڶ
ɳӥһʥţɫɳӥ׷šҹԳţԼʱԼʱ֮Ҳǲ룬ֱӳ֣ȻߵҶɳ֮Ҷһȭݺݴںʥţϣʵޱȵľ޴һֱҽһɽ֮С
ʥţķȷǾˣȻֻʥ֮ҶһȭȻҶ𣺡ҹԳʲô
Ҷ㲻һüԼΪ߾һȭֱӽȡ̫۲ϼһ˳ɳӥһͬźʥţȥ
һ£ʥţȫˣҲ벻ԼЩͬ仯ӣһԼȻ֮ʱæңֵֻܵ޷һƤȻʵޱȣλ֮ͬ£ȴҲѣҽһˤ˳ȥ
ʱһȫѺۣѪ˳Щƿ磬ۼǻˡ
Ҷ㼱æɹȥŽΪħū޺󣬲ĨһѺʥţķ̫ˣʱѿЩֱӽɱװʧһʵǿħūޡ
㣬ԼõóֵħūѾֻ֮࣬ʥޣҲʣֻ㲻͵ϮսԼһսҲܽȫߡһ¾Ͳ֮ܽȫȡΪħūޣ㡣
ȥǾļս
սȷʵû취Ϊ˭ͬͻȻ׷ɱһλͬ飬㹥Լھ֮༯Ըⷢļһ˭λͬ飿
Ҷһ·ʩд˷ֽ˪ܡβʥȫ򵹣ȡħūޡ
ӦźħӿħԾҶ̲סЦˡջ޴󣬲֪ĻıΪʥδһõ˰ֻǿޱȵħūޡڶĻ𻢡Ԩ͵ڰ˵ຣϬշȴҲѾˡ
֮ͨħ֮ȴøǿȫΪṩ˪ܲˣд֮צķԽʯٻԼ˪֮Ϊһ壬ɾצˣʥţ߲㣬յĻɽ˻ʱԼһӲɳӥĿɳݻޱ߻ɳǴΧļǿ۲ͨʴ߽Էǿǿββ֮ǿ߼ֱʥ֮ЧʥȻж䷨콵ȴӵмǿĹһٻɽʯһǿУҲǾսʱĳǿ
޴ջ񣬼ֱҸˡ
˵˵ȥøлĻĻǡǸҶôܣҶ㻹޷ԸħѡʱЩʥҲֻǻɱ£ôջˡ
ϲõ飬ҶһƬޱ֮СຣϬľӴ
ǰһȴñ˪׷Լһ·ܵຣϬڵȣຣϬҲ֮ǰʥһ㣬ھ֮࣬ѡ˷Կͬ顣
Ҷ׼֮ʣͻ𣬿ͻȻӰӶһߵĻ֮ٻޱߴһ½Ҷ˪ֱܷΧһ³һڳҶ˪ܰΧ
ǻԨ


667 ׬ǿ
𻢣㿴ô˵ûɣԨŻ𻢡ҵϢȻڣȴüΪ֣һǳʲô£㿴ȻҹԳĹ
ǴҶȥˣɻܡ
ຣϬԨʣŵô£
ҹԳܹȣȻұ㿴˪ܳ˹ຣϬûŪ巢ʲôһͷˮҼ״̬ԣֻ׼Աˡ
һˣԨߡҹԳҪ͵Ϯ㣡
ôܣຣϬȻ
ȷʵ㶯֡𻢻ͷԨӦͬǵϢͻȻüΪ֣һ̽飬ִҶʧٲˣֱӸϵŷҹԳͱ˵ı˪㶯֡
ô£ຣϬ벻ס
Ҷ˵ˣҹԳĹԨ޺޵˵
һâȵʱ𣬻һΧĴʱǰһǽס
ҶǺڳ֮з˪ܼҲͬʱ˺ڳ˳ڿУôħԵĿⶢסԨ
˪ܣ㵽ôˣຣϬſдС
ҹԳһô°ɡԨסҶ㡣
ϼҪôġҶ˵
ʲôλʥ޶һԨʱУ˵ϼôҪԸǣ
ȻΪ˪ôҶһָ˪ܡϴϼ׼ǿʹܽʥ޸շЩͬ鶼ѾշˣҺͱ˪ܹҪԸຣϬ
ΪҪຣϬŭΧ󶯵
ϵҶ˵˵ҪĲڶֻۣһǿߡ˵ҾǿߣҲǣ֮
ܣܻôģһҡͷ˼һʱì֮Сһ棬ϼ׻ôǣһ棬ȴ޷ҹԳͱ˪ܵı仯
ϼԨʡʣȴҪǡҪǣ㺦ˣαصȵգδ֮ǰ̫ƽ£һ֣ʱȴ£ҿһиڸ
Ҷ㲻ЦˡƭĻΪУ˿ȴʶЩӵǵļһУֻϼһġ
ԨǵʱһصģҲǵһ鲻Եģһǻ뾯Ҳɵ͹
ڵҶ㣬ѾȫںЩˡһЦ䣬ֱӽֻħū޶˳
ڤʥʥϼס˪ܡʥţɳӥ۲βʥꡪʮħūһ֣ӴǿħʱΧ嫵ħ֮£ʵຣϬȻеͦס΢΢
⡭ԨҲˣۿǼλյĻ飬ٴڤʥʥȴ²Ƿʲô¡
ѾЩߣѡǿΩһʹߣǲǶϱʾҳ𣿽վǲ¶ҳϵʱˡԹϵϵĸ죬ȫϳǾͿԵõǿҶЦšȻѾҪΪǽƽеס
ǿָľ⸱ģ𣿡Щ
ҶЦȻΪǵʲôҪ仯ΣҪһȫΪϵĿܡϲŻΪҳŻнǱ仯
ຣϬһ̲ס˴˶ӡĻϼ֮ǰҲ˵ȴǶԴ˼Ųɣֻû뵽νġ顱Ȼô¡
˵ԨţһƭӣһжĹ
Һ˵ѵƾһ֮ԽЩʥ޻鶼⸱ģϵҶЦҿ㲻Ըչҳϰɣ
ҶϵȻҳϵġԨߣҲ㣡Ҫ£ҲӦϼֱӸǱǣϲ͵Ϯİ취
ԨҲຣϬȴЩŽɣ̲ס˵Ҳأ
ȥϣԨҧгݵ˵ʱҲ˵Ҳչʾҳϣ⸱ģ
ҿǲϣҶһԨֻǱĻ֮УͼıɣҲӣұϳ
˵ţһֱԨ˹ȥʮħūҲһһԨ
ס֣Ҳһʱʲôԣ벻ͨæҪֹ
𻢣ѵҲԨһ֮ѣҪ𣿡Ҷһ𻢲ɴ˸£Ҫֹһԥ䣬ȴ˻ȥ
ຣϬǲ֪룬ֻ̧ͷſС
ʮħūޣټһҶһԨԨʮҲˣ鼱ִ֮У𻢰æԥ֮ɫȴ֪Լֻڽӡһҧ͵ſһƬڳһ½еħū޶ΧС
Ҷ֪ڳ԰УԼУҲҪһʱͻƣʱֻԨˡ
һǺڳ֣ʱ˿һʮ֮⣬ȴԺħѿʮħūޣ׵Ժڳ֮ѳ
ħūȫܺħѿƣȻбᣬȴҲӰ죬ʮ߿һ㣬ֻҪҶʦָܱйǾͿĲݣж
ԨҲֻסЩǿߣΪԼȡʱ䣬û뵽Щһһ±Լ鼱֮·ȴѾˡգ֮䣬ʮֻħūǰԨñˣΣһ±ˤ䵽ϣһϢ
Ҷٴһع飬УԸ㲻ҲٸһᣬҪúϧ
˵ţúħѽ֮仯ħūޡ
ԨϵʱħӿȬ޴䶯𣬺ɫٱɫӣȻк⣬ҶʱȴתΪѱ
ֵˡҶ㻺תŻຣϬչʾǵҳϣҪԨһϷŭֶγͷ֮ٹԹԳ
һϣຣϬʱعڵϡҹԳ֮Ұɣ
أҶ𻢡
⡭ԥ
Ҷ֪һڵڶҲһй֮ȻǻۣȻġϡʹߣȻܽڶʢ״̬ʥޱħūޣҪշȴֻȶ֡
𻢶֣ܷһȴδ֪һӹôຣϬҲᷢԣʱԼҪһֽš˵׽ǸҲδ֪
ຣϬϵɣҶ㲻𻢣תຣϬ
ຣϬȫҶƭˡһǻ۱ͲôҲȷʵҹԳһ֮Լͬ⸱ģ
ҹԳڵҪɱԼҲѣȴûҪٶԼѡ
ǣϵ
֮ʱҶȴʮֻħūֻຣϬɱֻ֣ȴֱ˻𻢡
ȻԣһΧʱȼ棬һ½ֻħū޵ǰ·ȫס͵ػһ棬Զȥ
ʱຣϬȴֻħūȫ֮µڵϣѪϢ˿
Ҷһңͷ׻ûħūֱӽҲԼĿߵʹߡ
ǿҲֻʣ¼ҹˣ׶Ը
Ҷ㼱æຣϬȻŴһħūޣƺƵŻȥķ׷ȥ


668 Ļط
𻢲ûӵ֮⣬෴½ȥתۼѾˡϡڵһɽ壬ϵ֣ɢʥʥѰϵӰͼϸӦԼ
Ϻ޷Ӧ·Ĵһ
ȻûϼĻڣǡϡ޷ӦЩʥ޵ĺ
𻢾ˣΪһͬʱҶȴѾħū޵ľɱ˹ŽΧҧŻգĿҶ㣬һ󷢺ݡ
㵽˭ʡ
ҹԳҶ㽫ƭֽеס֮ǡ㾹Ȼң
أϳɵҲʲôԣ
ҶЦһûж˵ʲôһ֣ħūѾ˹ȥŻ𻢷˹
Ӧ˵𻢵ʵǵڶʥ޵ֻһлӣ㽫ֻʥֱ赲ԶóȻ
ڤʥʥϼȴԷǿײȵĻˣ嵽˻𻢵Ľǰħūͬʱ֣ȻǿȴҲǶ֣ǱڤʥһӰǣԺֶݵĿհףű㱻ʥһ𵴲Уֱˤɽƽ̨ˤ䣬ϼѾųһɫ⣬һ¹ᴩ塣
һУ𻢽ʵʵˤƽ̨ϣƽ̨Ѫ䣬ӣһööϸСľ壬˳ɽ¡
ǿվҲֻվѣѾûаֻ췢һ޺ϡ
Ȼ㱻ɹҶһȭ򵹣һϢ֮ʣҶΪħūޡ
Ҷɹ֮շɲǼ䣬һԶһ²ɽ֮ϣݻǸߴľˡǰһУȵشô£
𾴵ϡҶǾˣ΢΢һЦֱ£ڷߡǾ˹һЦ˵ź֪ͨıѾ¶ռϼĻ꣬ҲѾˡ
㣡˾ţָҶ㡣ʥˣ
Ҷһ󵨵Ļ꣬ȻͨռѷʥΪ£ĺ⣡ֻϧң
һģڱ㱻޴ĹڿкȻֱž˻ȥУɽ屻÷飬򻯳һܿȥ
ӣҶ΢΢һЦһħūޣڻϣʱ׷˹ȥ
һ·ӳǣããǿնȥúǺһڰ˾޴ĵطһûСҶ㼲׷ڰһͣסоǺڰ֮УһɼԼ·һֻڽԼקһ֪Ӧþǿռѷ죬óȻ롣
һڣǺڰ֮кرһڡڵĹⵯڰ֮УʱûƬ̺ڰ֮дװһ죬ȴڵĹⵯѾ
ʥߣҪǸϾɱ𣿡
һŭʮŵĻǺڰ֮г˳һɢӴܣסҶ㡣
ôҶЩĻ꣬ʵ
ȻкʶѾãĶ״̬ǣûмǵĻ걾壬˴ΣȴһμʶĻģ
ȴһε壬嶼ֳһֵɫ·ˮƳɵʵһ㣬ǿ֮Щάϵһγһӵǻ۵θ塣ҲзΣǵɫܻɣĿһ٣Źâͨǿɫ仯Կǵϲŭ֡
Ҷ㿴ǣɸ֮̾Ȼ̬ڡ
һںúݣһĻ޺޵˵
һڲŻɱĻ꣬ǺǿҶ㿪Ц˵
ʥߡһĻ꿪˿ڣֻһȺռѷɣزȥҵĿĻֻ꣬ڲò֮һܻȥķȴΪҪ
ǵĻ԰ɡҶߣ׷ɱȴ̰ͼʥֶ֮ҰģʥΪһռϼĻ꣬Ѱһж˵ˡ
һĻ޺˵
ûʲô̸ˡһĻ˵ͬʱһ̧֣ʱ۳УתҶնȥ
УȴǷһʥƽʱת̬ĻڣҪʱȴԷ۳̬
ûС硱ȴַͨʽЯƷҲǷ㡣
һڣڱ㻯ҶϣҶֱȭľ޴㽫ֱõɳȥ
һץֱȡ¹ⱦ٣Ҷ㱧ٵʱһɢЩĻֶȥ
ͬʱһֻȡ˺ħѣһ֮ʮֻħūһɱʩչԼĵⷨʮλĻҹ
Ļǵ۾ȫɫԿǵ𾪡Ϊ׵һĻһҧּ̧ųһܣһŴǰӭȥ赲ס¹ⱦٵ
ͬʱ𣺡ʥ̫ˣֻʹطˣ
ƴˣĻǴţͻȻһΪ׵ĻȥһײϣȴںΪһ塣Ļβϱ󣬵Ļ궼ںһȴǻһߴɵؼ׾ˣ۾ſµĹâһ֣Ժڰռѷץһܣǰȥ
һܷʱ˺ֱܽӻһܾ¹ⱦٵ׷飬ʮֻħū޵ķȫơ
ƲϨȻħūֱײ
ɢҶԾСæһ£ħūʱʩչӿȴûһ˵
һܷԶúһž޴ǺʯϣʯʱȻѣ΢
üһҶҲɾһ
ĻһЦڰѷһץһ䣬ܰշ𣬻һߣȴгɰǧ֮࣬һҶһħū
Ҷһֻ̧󣬽Լ߾飬һħūҲǼæֵ
һըĳţһƬǺ֮ɢܼ֮ꡣ
ĻһЦһ߲Ժڰѿץܣ߹
ҶоֹһֱȡܺԼĵȥʱһʮֻħū޶֮꣬ȫǰȥ
ҪɱңĻЦֻҪռѿǰκǿ߾ͶɱңΪұӴ磬綼ԴԴϵΪṩЩ޷϶Ϊһ鲻ͬĻ˵綼ǵԴһģǵĸ壬Ǿ֫죡ԣ˭Ҳ˲ǣ
ôҶߣʥ磬ǵ磡
ΣĻ⣬ͨռѿڣһٻ֮ңҡ
˵ţͻȻ˲ޱȵĹâʱһԶӿ𣬽ţһֻֻǿʥ޷ĺУЩϷٵԽããǺԺҶһɱ˹
׼ʥĻĻ˵浽Ȳ֮ʱǱȫǵǣΪƴսȻʹʧȥǣȫĿޣеϧɱʥߣҲֵˣ
󣬽ֻʥ޿ų˹ǰȴ߲Ϲһʱ䣬Ҷ˸ܵе


669 Ļ
Щʥһ֣ʱŤתս֡
Ҷ㲻ò飬һҪԿ꣬һ棬Ҫ֯ħūǵסһʥޡ
ʮħū޵ں󷽣ԿϰʥޣԼħūޡڤʥʥϼףͬԿ֮ꡣ
ٶʥޣһɢſȵĹâȫԼ֮⣬·һƤȫԼһ㣬ƾħūǵķԼȴüͷҲһ£ֱǰ˻ųһħū޵кʵǺޱȡ
ս֮£ʵβʱ˸βһ˦ͷųβֻʥһסȻ˹ȥһһҧ
βԴѣ֮סʥ޲ᵱѣȥͷ֮ʾͻᱻЩʥȴͬѰǵȴԼǣĻ֮βȻǲסȴֻβ˹ȥȴһֱſҧסʱѪ졣
ɳӥһ˹ȥһͨץôֻʥ޾Ҫҧ
ҲǳһĶ֮һմȾѸ壬ɱκǿʥޣʱʥĻƣںˣնǰӣжοЩ綾ĵֻʥޣɢҪ֮ɱʥȫӰ죬ñˡ
ʥʧȥǣȴӳΪǿʹЩʥһ𷢶޷ֹʮǵķʥޣȴǽڽߡ
ǲ
Ҷüͷһ壬͵شһԭҰǽˮ֮һһʮɽŰСһԭҰгɱӭ͵ǰ˹ȥ
֮ͬ죬СһըѿȴһʮɿĩЩһķΧʱ߽˵ܣƮɢٲܳ
Ļ겻ɱһӦʮɽѾͳһӺݺݵײ֮ϡ޴µĻҽһһֱȥȴһͷײ˺ڰĿռѷ֮С
ãҶһü
Ϊһײ֮£ĻȻҪײɢû뵽Ȼǿ˹ȴҲ޷֮ײơһȴǽƻص˿ռѿ֮УĻ֮ڡ
ʱҲ˼ˣҶ㼱æָħūޣнһЩʥչ˹ơ
ҶһսţȫһˡʥȥսָŽʥˣһʱ䣬ԭռϷʥʱ·磬һֻֻСѿĩֱʹǵķޣħū޺ͽǣʹҹһֻֻʥ˺ѳ顣
һĻҶȴɸеʹġҪ֪ЩǿʥޱɶʥڵĲƸʱȴҪԼǻֱҪѹ÷
Ļ꣬ǲóٱ⳥¾Ͳ꣡Ҷ㲻ҧ˵
ָ֮£ⳡսڼҵĽӽβٶֻʥȫһ״ҡҪΪǵĶ̫ǿˣÿһʹκʥ֫УܼĹ֮£ʥǾ͸뱣ʬˡ
ҲʱǺڰռѿ֮Уȴһµ֮·ǧڶҪǺڰ֮ţһ½ٵʥ磬еƽͳͳơ
һܣԺڰ֮б·ǲܳˮѹľͰУ˳ѷˮǺ֮УɢǺ֮ӣ·뽫ʥÿһطȾɫ״̬
һɭ𣬷·սëȻ
ţһӰǺڰ֮г֡ؼףͷɵĳźڰ֮޾죬·ϵԼŦſµĹâſ֮ʱĲһưĳ졣
ʥߣ㽫ŭƵ˾·Ҳùҧгݵ˵
ʱǷŵľĻꡣѾʧȥǾ޴壬һ㡣Ҳ˱仯Ǿ޴ʧҲͬ½Ȼ½˵ĸоȴøΪ¡
һӵˣҲأҶ˵Щʥ޶ʥ㽫Ǻʥ˾޴ʧҪúúһ㣡
ˣĻЦˡͺúһɣ
˵ţ͵һ֣Ǻڰռ֮Уʱһ֧ӡǾȫؼ׵Ļɣų֮ǹɢĹâХӿǰ
ԴԴϵԺڰռ֮гƬ̼䣬ѾɱǧˣֱҶħūǳ
㾹ȻٻľӣҶĿһ
ȻʥѾҲ֮·ôҸɴͻع磬һĻһܵõһӢ֮ĻЦʱĻʾҪ֮ǰΪҲҪҴŻĹͣʹҹλҲҵ˵Է٣еҲԶסŭĴ
ҲδأҶﺮʢУȫ֣
һħٴȥֱӽǺڰŻУص罫ָ֮ʹеĻսʿˣţҶʥɢÿһֻħū޵ڣָ໴ųħٴ֮С
ÿһֻħūޣԼħӵ˼ޣһħķҪǮƵĻӺ˹ȥ
һӶӱħٴеĻ꣬ԭڶһɱԼǰľ޴ħūޣһȴĿɿڴǱǱոȡĿĶû뵽ӭǵȴǿֲ
һĻսʿǲɷһĲҽУһ򱻺֧飬յƬײ
ʵ˵ҶҲʵһ
ЩĻսʿʵߵˣÿһʥ볬ʮ۷֮䣬һͨʥսʿֻǿƽ֣ٶһôʥ˾ֻбķˡ
Ҫһ֧ӳʥ
Ҷ㲻
ЩĻΪ̬ԭȴֶһǿȫ֮ȴǿֲʥ֮β÷Ҳ޿κΣΪǾȻ˲ı״һ±ԲλǳΣٵΧ
Ի桢˪ʱǵĵֵ͸ǾˡһȫԽʥ˴˵ĻȴҲܽǴõذζѣһʱ֮ǵȴлָվս
Ȼ¿ħūǵĻ淨Ҳá˪Ҳãһ½ǻɱֻΪħū̫ǿͨʥ˷ųķȴֻܽǴˣ赲һǵĹưˡ
ľӣ˲ľ
Ǹ޷ʥгʱ棬ҲֻǽڰŻ֮ϵŻΧѳѡ
ôԴԴϵسɱȴҲΣաΪԶǣǸŭʲôַٻʥޣЩĻ֮ںϣôɾΣˡ
ԣȻռƣȴȫ֣ޱʥ֮䣬ԭҰеĽˮؾҵضȻ˰ɽһ
ȴҲ֡ԭֻƴʧĽڽˮʹԼս֮ǰˮƽ֮ϣȴû뵽ˮؾȻ˸ǿ˰
ͬʱһǿҲӽˮ֮лɣһ³ء˲ˮѸٵ󣬾Ȼԭʮ
µϢҶȫɢ


670 õĲ
ҶɫЩѿˡ
Ϊ֪ˮصı仯ʵζøǿˡ˵ȻǺ£ʥ˵ȴֻǻ¡ΪͶϵԽǿԽпܳɹһǿͨ
ҶЩˮصˣˣҪýˮٻָǰҲѾܣɴһҧʮɽ֮ǰٻĽһʮĴ͵طӳȥĻš
ǿϢɨ֮£һǿĻսʿȻֱӱʧȥս⣬ֻ֪ס
ʱһӰȴԺڰ֮ѳһ֣ܣħٴ֣ſڷһХʹĻط
һ£ЩܵħٴƵĻսʿǣʱٵؾۼһ𣬻ӵ౧֮ԱͬһеĻ꣬ٵؾۼһӵ֮»ںϣ仯һСһĻˡ
һϣǵȴҲɱøΪǿ¡ƾǾȻ˺ħٴĿռ䣬һ
ӵˣȴˡһĻ˵ŷ۾Ҷ㣬˹
Ҷ˿Ϊһ֮䣬Ѿ˹ȥʮʮɳĽʱĻĶΧ֮䣬һ˽ɫĹ棬һĻֱӵȼջ
һϰĻսʿںϳɵĻ˷𣬾ֱһ˹ȥһԾ˽Ľһ˽ľϣȭͷŽݺݴȥܽһȭڽ֮ϣȴֻǼ˽һ⣬ֻǴüƬ۷ɢѡ
ʹĽ͵һšһڱҧסĻˡֻһڣ㽫Ļ˵İҧ֧飬ζβ͵һ飬ĻʣµĴӾҲĻ顣
ҶҲûţ仯ڣһģڱȻ죬ҫǿҹâڵڵֱĻ˾֮УĻֱӺƬ
֮䣬ںϣĻǵĲҽһʱķ
һĻ֮鲢ȫɢҶϸӦȴǵ黯һΪǿܣȻԼתɵܾʯҪǿЩѹתΪʯôټӿ£
ǺöҶ۾֮佫¯ȡ˳ֱƿ¯ǣ¯֮ҵΧǿ֮ЩĻ
Щ屻¯ʱɢ̬һ¯ʱ۳һööʯ¯зɳִŵҶ֮С
Ҷø˷ܣ̲סһХˮеٴηڣһ֮䣬ɽԳзɳһӿͬһһֱĻųȥ
ټ֮ǰųСҶ㾹Ȼİɽ
ôᡭĻŭȫˣŴںڰ֮ǰ˵һ仰
ʲôˣָĻŵĻ꽫ֵشŭʣŭû˵ǽҪԵУȻµ
Ҳ벻벻ŭͰ͵˵šͻȻоԼվˣҲɲӢۣ෴ȴΪͽΪ֪ĻʧȫҪƵԼϡ
ҧҧĻ꽫ٴηطɣ
˲䣬һĻٴͬ飬ӵһ֮ɹںϡһγɵĻˣȴһСǸߴɣȫؼףеҫȴ޳ս
ÿһˣĻսʿɣһ֧ȴֱӻ˰ܾˡ
Щܾ˵뷽ŵܾȣֱ֮һɢǿϢ޴ֱɱⶥʥޣеսҲɢͬǿϢȻҲɱȶʥ޵ʥ
û뵽Ļ꾹ȻںطٵôµǿҲǾˣÿĻǿߣȻҪͨĻɣ
ڵĻȴֻں۳˰λĻˣ̫ˡ
ĲȴҲ˵ͨĻսʿԸҶһκвĻĻ˾ȫɽҶһھˣ
ҶɫüΪأΪǰΣ֣ΪĻչֵеĻ궼ͨطںϱ仯ôǶôµһ£룬Ļ٣֯ҲɣôÿĻϳһȶʥ޵ĻˣǾǧĻˣ
ǧʥޣʲô
붼ͷƤ顣
ֵҵĻһĻʥвܳڴռǿ壬ȥһռ壬ںط¾δʹˡ
ȻͨռŻɱȴԶռŻǲУֻҪʱߣǾֻܸɵˡΪԶ˿ռŻǾʧȥҲϵֻ»þͻˮһ
ʮֻħūޣ޾ɫЩĻ˾ͷǿķЩĻҲ£ӵ֮ʣȻһնƿڣŵһؾħūɱ˹Ǽƣʮĵ
ħūҲ׸ãֱȥԼ޴ЩĻභΪڱ֮ڣûǿ֧ǣҲΪħūڰռŻʵ̫ԶʹǲܼʱԳεĽ֣ȴħūռϷ磬ĻˣƬ̼ħūǵΧ֮£˺Ƭ
ʥȴһֱһĻ˶Թȫð̣֫жϣһͨȭǴ顣
ЩƬɢôڿƮţӦϵҶȴǰһ
ʱĻ¯¯㷢ǿЩ˹¯ȫ
Щһ¯У㱻֮ջ˵ȵܣ۳һööܾʯЩʯǿЩʯȣֱС׼ף֮
ðҶ˷ܵشһЩĻ˼ֱǶԭȫȡɾʯ֪پ춯صʥãǵĲɣ
һĽ⣬һϢܿƵɢγһԲεϢ֡ԭҰĽˮ֮н󶯣ɽзצһʵ磬Ļǳȥ
ʲôӵĻ꽫˻ߵؽ
壿ôǿ֮ӦײŶ԰ŭ˰ؼţǰһѾǽӽıԵ
ɱȫɱҶһ֣ǧСʮʮɾĴ֮£Х֮ŹֱӳĻ˵ľ֮У
Ļޱ飬һеĳݺնЩʮɾǣɶֱԾצӲƴ˸൱С㲻ͬˣǸֲסսһʱϰСն
ҶнʢУһСһеĻˣݺݵײȥȻһЩն𣬵СȴĻײһŽ棬ʮĻʹ֮бǧٿס
ͻȻ䣬Ҷһһ´߶СըһŽ⣬γһĩ
ʮֵĻˣʱڲ֮н壬ֱӻ飡
ԭвǵĿǰҶ㲻Ц


671 ڰ
Ļ꽫ӲҲ룬תͳ˺ڰռŻ֮У֮ʱݺݵصŭһˣմ֮ʧȫҪͷϣ
ŭɵɵؿĻ꽫ӰʧڿռŻ֮У¶˾
ʥǴȥˣǰǿʥһҪҲزȥˣΪŭĻ꽫ҲҪ
ʹرͷڿռŻ֮ǰ֪ԼӦúȥδӡ
ҴӲϲϾɱˡʱҶȴǰ˵ͶңĶҳϣһ£ҿԸʥȥĻᡣ
㡭ŭ̧ͷ˸еֲǿڡеľѾĥмǿ־Ļŵ׸ȫҶǿ壬ʱһ޼ҿɹĺӣκοԼȥϢἤޱȡ
˵һ顪Ͷұ·򣬱ֻҶ˵
ͶŭȻҡͷȻһϥ򵹵ƣҶͷ
ôұĻᡣҶ˵ͷһĽħūޣֻһʮɽһ½ŭץצС
ŭ˿ҷӲţһҶ㴦õģ
ҶתɻǣںšһϣʱչʥܿҵǿһֻʥޣȴһֻɳĻҶֱӷųֻħūޣ׾ͽܻ͵ŭǰ
ںϣҪҶʡ
봦ʶ״̬ŭæ˵
⵹ð죬Ҷһħūһͨʱûȥŭۿħū޷ֻоһš
ɡҶһָϻ潥ϨĴ
лϡŭ̾һŭϣϵԶҳϡ
װɡҶҡҡͷҪж
ǣŭ˵ͷͻȻţʵһ֮ȴǻϣУںΪһ塣
һңһɫĹâţ۾վҲȼ档
Ҷ㹧һ񣬷ŭϣҵռŻںϡΪҵںٶȻúܿ졣ĻҪΣֻҪϸµʱ䡣
áҶһͷҲҪٵȥ
һһܿڰĿռŻŭɵŻǰʱŻ֮һǿĻ꣬ע뵽Լϡ֮󣬻α㷢˱仯ϵСϵؽӽΡһʱ֮󣬾ȫΣγһһɫ׵
ˡŭһɵҶǰٴҶ㹧һ񣺡ŭμϣ
ܺáҶһͷ֮ȡĻɵľʯֱӴŭڡʱŭӦһǿԼ壬Լʵٴ
лϣоҶܵĿ֮ȴֻǹл
ҲлҡҶ˵ܾʯҵѾҵʥӡڡҲԼһҲ£ұʱܹ֪ʱֻҪǹ⸱ԿɱȫĻ걾壬Ҫȥȫռϼ֮ǸĻ꣬ôġ
¡ˡŭƬ̺󣬼æͷ
ȴһԭͶҶ㣬ҲֻȻ˵֪Լȫˣһٱõɣȴ̲סб
ġҶȻ֪룬΢΢һЦҵĲûʲôõģΪǸкôҷˡţǵС
ôǵСһ𣿡ŭһ
ںһһ硣Ҷ˵Ȼֲһ䣺÷ǳáңһԹüá
ǣŭ˵ͷΣȴе㳼˼ˡǷӵȨĻӣﶼΪҶЧԼΪ䲿£ûʲôɱԹˡ
ֻϣȴ֪ءսսʡ
ҶһЦҽҶ㡣
һʥװɣŭƨʡ
ǡҶҡͷֻʥа˻ʥһƽˡ
ŭؿҶ㣬ȹȴĲš
ڴҼǡҶ˵֮һ˹һͬش˴
ǣŭû뵽Ҷ㲻ߣƹǣȴǴϲæͷӦ
Ҷ֮Ϊ£Ҳȱˣʴ֮ġֻǾãǷһռŻҲѱ֤粻ӱ֡߶һ˽ˣܹǺЩ
Żȴ봦ȻҲκͬλĻ꽫ȻҪ㱨ġǿռŻ˵
ŭһѺסͷûûлΪ룡
ȴ룺㲻Ļ˳Żʥȴװһã
Ҷ㿴һۣһЦвҰɣ
ŭŵɫ࣬æ֣ң¾ϣô£
ŵòᣬ룺Ǿʯ룬ܶϰɣ
ȴǶˡҶǿҲʱ֪˵ǻ۹ˣܲ͸ʱŭ˼ѡôһŭȴиΪٲһҶ㲻֮ΨλܶϤһУʱԼòױСɢ
ǺڰĿռŻҶȴԼñһ΢Żʱ龰һԥ֮ٻʮֻħūޣԼʥ񶼼ӳϣɢޱ߾ʥӶһڰ֮ء
ʮֻħūޣҲɢǿһֱע뵽ʥ֮Сһʱǿ𾪵ľ޴㽫ڰŻΧܵɿֲŭ̲ס鲻Խȥ
Ҷ㲢ûֻһһ⽫ʥŻ֮ϡģӦŻ̺Ӧת硣۾ʥӼУеĸйҲȫеȻһȡ¯֮󵽰ٱһ½ǺڰŻҲС
ʥ棬һһ޴ĽҲҶڷͬ
ټʮֻǿħū޵ȴγһرɫĿ¾ɾھ¯зţԾǿǺڰĿռŻ
ʱһţȴûа˥ߵ˼ԽԽǿģǴھ¯еĿռŻ˱仯ȴϵɫʵγһſģ
ŭɪһԣҳҲκжֵؿҶ㣬ֻԼλϵĪ⣬ֱѾáǿݡ
룬áֲͦʵġ
֪˶ãſڳΣҶ㳤һ󣬲иʱַˮ֮гˮڣһע뵽˾¯֮Уʥ֮ϵƳһʵޱȵĺڰţſȫ
ֹ˼ʮʱʱ䣬һڰţȫΣҶ㲻Ҵ⣬ʮʱųȥ˾¯˸
ԭĺڰ֮ʱȴһΪڰľšŲһ˿Ϣ·ֻһ޵Ӱӣʵڣͬ硣
ϣǣŭʱŸҴչǲŬȫйٱ޷Ӧľţ鲻Խʡ


672 
ȫռŻ֮١Ҷ˵ټУ»ĿռŻϾǰʥսŻʥҲѾȶռѿڵв١ԣմ˴һŻ𴦿ܻŻ֣ͽȫƳɿռ֮ţܿһɱһƽٶʥа֣֮ͨһŻ磬ɱ
һ仰ڣһŨҵɱ֮ɢʵŭһ亹æͷӢ
Ȼļ磬ȻزȥˡҶ˵úΪʥЧɣȫõҫʵܡ
ЦЦġ
ǡǣŭһ͵ͷ
ʱһȴͻȻԽռ䣬ҶУֳʥʶҶ㲻һΪ֪˼Ϊش¼˾޴ʥԽǺϵԼ
£ôˣæһʡ
ȻʹôʥԶӰҲǲ١չֳ˴ʱ״̬סϢκЩ΢תе˵Ҷ̵̫һ£ԽԽã
˵ţʧˣȻΪܲסġ
Ȼǳ˴£
Ҷüͷŭ˵ȻǣҪҪ죬ȴһ뿪úһһҲܹɽΪ㽨幬÷
ǣŭæͷ
ҶҲٶ˵ʲôֱضȥһ·粼˿ռŻƶصڡ
ôһޱ˱Χһʳʶ̡
򵥵˵ջ޴󡣡ҶҲֱͣӽյʮһֻħūһȫ˳ۼʮһֻɢſħľ޴ʥޣһ̲ס
ôģޱҲһ
أҶܣʥһʼ
ȻذޱȥˡĪܼæ˵ͽ
ˣѾˡҶ˵ʱȽϼƣ
ʦʲôԸƿʮһֻǿޱȵļһϵ˷֮ɫ˭öҪ࣬ʦٻԼʱŸܵҶߡ
㸸ʷŴһҪ̸ϹȥҶ˵
£ƶɫʱһ䣬Ǳ͵
ǡҶһͷ˵һǳֲܱκ֪ҵøϿȥƺҲһɡ
ǿ϶ǵûȥģƶýɫ
Ļû£ѾҴҵطɵ˽ǰһȺµĴһһĿɿڴ
ٶȵ졣Ҷ˵
Щһģôôǿ̲סʡҿ˼ħūްɣħū޲ֻֻ𣿡
֮˺ħѣ漣Ҷ˵
ܣһ
˵ɣġҶֱӽˣ˶֪˷һС˵ɫʱ˱仯ս֣ǽŲ֮ɫ
û뵽ӻ׷ɱǡǵص˵
ǲҪҶ˵Ҫʥ֡һưոݡȻҷһŻ˵ǻҵѿڣٽŻ
Ǹ˼˵֮ǰΪպǲʲôӴģ˹һЩ£Ҳû˵
ֻһ䡪ںطеĻ궼յ𣿡Ҷ硣
ǡһͷҶľһ
Ҳûô¡æ˵սʿ۳ɵĻս꣬ȷֻܴڼ̵ʱ䣬ʱһǾͻɢǵЩĻ꣬Ҳһɢ
Ҷһ
ǵġͷطϼǿĵʱƴܾõġһʱ˭Ҳ᲻Ҫʹطʹôһں֮ʮϰٸĻʱںһѡ
ңǸĩĿǡ˵ںطһַĩֺ󣬷ʧЧеĻʱ߽⡣Ϊռ֮Ƿɢ֮Ҳָܻԭ壬ںʱ䵽ʱһɢ㲻ǡ
áҶ㻺ͷһֻû˭ԿĴˡǻ֪Щ£ϸߴңǧҪǲӴҲˡ
á˼æͷ
ԳͭҶתλˣѾǵĵ̣һŭҲģ˴ЩֹȥӹҪע⣬ƴŭҲҪ
ףͬʱͷ
ǱأĪʡ
˸ЦˣǽΧʮ˲ȫ֪֮ͨ͵¡
С۶࣡ĪҲЦˡ
Ż֮£ҲҪ˵塣Ҷ㶣ʥ£һ֮¡ܶһ˰ŻܹǺ¡
ףĪ˸ͬʱӦ
γ˶ƺͺ㣬㻹˭ȥޱʱԼĵĻ⣬۾һֱҶ㣬˵ٰһڼˣ
ȥҶСһ£һЦ˾Ͳˣȸʲô˵ɡҪֵĻʱԽռŻͨ
Ҷ̫ʱȣǻǿ߰ɡƶһĵŹʥ̲סߴ
ĪܣðšҶ㶣Īܡ
İɡĪܵͷ
ߡҶ˵˺ƶƣϻѩӰޱһսŹʥȥ
֮ǰùʥ֮ʣҶ㻹ûõռţȴûлὨһͨʥĿͨ˴ȴҲֻܼӽ·ˡ
˹δʥʶƵ֮ͬ£Ҷһ·˲ռţһУȴҲͬʱһٵͨ
ʥ֮ڣʱʹαװʥԼ仯һģսҲͨĹɳһ·Сĵʥȥ;з̲Ѳ߱һɺƶ߾ơ
ֻͨƣǽƣȻע⣬һ·ʥ򣬽С
һʥҶ磬Ļֻ࣬ǶСĽҪ˷֣ǱʳǺĳһĳλ١
Ȼʳڵһ£Ĵ£˺ܿҵλʥʵĸ֮ţ֪˶һ޵λĹʥʡ
ʣһ棬ƾͽ˹ȥһ±סףʣǷʲô˵Ĵ𣿲ȻƴԼʥʦġ
˵ţȴ
˲ͬѾǻ񵽲ӵˣʥ¶Ա˵һҲͻָˣ˵ȴ޵
öӡమĸŶƵͷûҴʦСӱȹȥ¶ˡ
ʣŤӡ
ģʻõʥͦסĶӵļ򣬿˿ƶƶȥһɡ
̫ѾСˡҶʱڣЩӦۣҲʶ
ţǾ̫֮԰ɡ˵ͷ
׷ʲô£ʹ²ʥôңҶʡ
ȷʵһ˲õĴ£ϵҶĻλ˵


673 
ôأޱȵʡ
˵Ҳأ˵Ҳء˵˵
ڶ˵֮£ȴˡԭǧǰʱĹʥ֮ʱһλ̳ߣȻ֪˴Ӧʥ֮³ӵ̥ȴŮӡ
ȻŮһʥʵĺӣԼ̳лλʱʥȴŮӲܷڣٵһλӡһ𳤴󣬱మʥ֮͢вͬڸԵĿģֱֻ֧빫Ϸֻˣʹ˻ޣΪλȷѪꡣ
Ϊȳ֮ʱʥѽԼ󲿷Ϊǿȴõ˸ˡǻ֧֣ʥͻȻţȨգüΪңݱһڵĴս
գһʧˣǰܱĹûбɱСһ֮ͬ飬Ľ֮ʵȴʥһ֮أ䳤ߡ
һʼҵʣʥǿڶഫһֱ
ӵ˼Լ󣬺˿ԽλգɣȴɶǣֻλԼĻλȴûȫӵԸһֱڡ
ʥʶԼĻλ֪ĴڣȴҲװǡ˵ĵĲǣʹǲúԡ
ѵҪҶʱڡ
ǰ˵ͷƶȻȴõô졣ʱЩ˱лᡪӵΪʵˣȻܵõĺôͨ
ȷ¡Ҷ㻺ͷ
±Ӧֻʥ֪֮ʱһʱ嶯ȴй¶˳ȥ̾Ϣš
˭֪£Ҷʡ
ȡ˵Ҳˡ֮ʱϵǳã޻̸
ô˵ǡѡҶһЦͻҴ˵ļһѡ֮ϵûꡣ
أЦʡ
µĶҵĵӣ˵أҶЦˡ
ʦҾһҲʦƼæ졣
ǱáЦˡҶ㣬˵²κ֪ΪΣҲɱҵĹ̰ɱ˶ȣֻҪ´˳ȥٳڶȣֹݡ
ޱԵͷʱ֪ԭλȴǶ游
ҪʲôҶʡ
ɱ˶ȣķȻ󡭡˵ҵĹ̶ŴߣжԶԶ
⡭ޱе㷢㶡
ڹʥԶһ˵ɱֲɱֲͷۣͷ۰
˿Ҷ㣬˵ģҲװҿ̶ŵġһᰴĴ˹ȥΪÿ궼ȥҪʹ֮ҲԿˡ
²ҽλ£ҶЦʡ
˭ŰЦˡ㲻ǹʥˣֻҪȨʥһڷϣʥб㲻аĻȲͬǻʼˣʲô֤ݳ˶ʵȫţʹ˽ŽɾѾʮֿˡƶʦôẦֻҪҵĹ̿þͳɣƶҪᣬûĻȻܻǧ꣬ƶʱҲѾˣ϶ϲһʥ֮λ
ÿǳԶҶ㲻ҡͷ̾
ΪҲΪʥ򡣡ЦЦ
ʵ˵Ҷλʥʵӡ󲻴ҶʱԳơҡĳɳһһһޡҶ㲢Ǽƽһƺֻȴ֤һ˵̬ȡ
ҶӣԶĳɳ
СҲԽԽҶˡȥΪȻɶ񣬵Ϊȱû˺úýԵʡҶôãĿȾҶӢ¼Ϊѷ仯
Ҷϲ
λͽʥ֮λʹʥ޺ãȻҲҶϣ
ڣҪⰮͽ棬ֻ֮ͶȷˡڷҶûаѹΪʼȵĽӴսĺҲǶһ濼ǶΪˡ
ʱȻȡƵλӣҶ㵱ȻӦ
ǵطλøҰɡҶ˵
˵ͷһ˼Ҷ㣬Ҷϸ֪֮ʱ˺ƶһ
ƶ±Ӧֻл֪ܷӦ޵˰ɣ
ƶֵ̿ػӦºεºܣñΣ
պҪúøƶɵܵһ˵֮ϱûʲôˣҶ̫ãϾǿߣʱʱߡҪտԼĵܵһɲԣ
·ģƶ£Ӧ
еĶźƶ¶һĨ֮ɫҲ¶һ˿ˡ
¿֪Ǳ߲˶Ҷʱʵ
Ҳֻ֪ƲʵȴȥǴ֮˵һ¾Ͳ³˼ȴûܴ̽˶ȥҶ̫˵ȴ˶˲ɣҶ̫Ȼп˱֮ʱ콵ɱȾһѪɺӡ
δñҶĳڹʥн˲ٿռŻˡҶһЦ
ʣͬģƼæ˵ҾýĿռŻ󣬽ʲôʣʦҲңԡ
δʥʣȻȨЦŵͷû˼ǻ˱˸ʥ֮нͨŻұس֮Ҷ̫ͬʲô͸ʲô
ΣΪˡҶɫ·İɣ͸ȥضñȫûк֮ǡ
һаˡ֣صͷҶ㹰˹֡ڵһ¾ĸ֮ˣҲʹãֻҶ̫ˡҶ̫һȫҶ̫ġ
ʵ˵Ҿùʥ˲ǰ˻ʥʶöˡ˹֮ޱʱ̲ס˵
ΪûͻҶ˵ҾͼıȨҲֻͼı˻ʥĴȨԱʥʻɵңȴᡣУֵ֮ܽĹϵʱȴûദĺáΪ˲Ųֵܽȴᡣ
˰ϲоޱһʼ磬ûʲôȤ˵ʲôʲô˵࣬Ǿ
ҲǰﶬơҶһЦ
ѽʦҲ͵ڰޱ˽ޱʱЦˡ
һʦ⡣
ߣҶȴָӦഫһߣһϵϡ
ս֮ϣҪ˻ƶЩԥ˵롭ǸǿŮӣǿҲŮӣҵɱʺҲŻᰲνĽ죬ˡ
ˡҶ㵭һЦ£ʵʼʱҾԼоˡ
Ҷ̫оʲôһ˿ɻʡ
ƶƣҲ̫ˡҶ΢ЦţƵ֮ʱĽ죬ȴΪ֣ϡ˵֮Ӧ볼ܻ䡣ֺãҲӦͬʱúŶԡУƵԺȴֳ˲һľأԶƣƺҲ֮顣ҾãͬһѪԭɣǱȱ˸ܡ
Ǹˣ೤̾һʵ˵ɣҵŮǸŮӣΪҵĻ룬Լ֪
²ö˵ˡҶ˵ģǽֻܽమκһ游֮£ұػֹ
Ҿͷˡ೤̾һ
Ҷҡͷ̾ʼ֮£


674 
룬ǹãҫ
ԶȺĺڰռ֮УһСǻת¶Ӱвһ΢˼į˱䡣
Ҷ㾲վڳϣңһСǣ˵ǵˡ
ô죿ƶʡǱȥֱӴɱȥ
СǱ˵ɡҶ˵ȡ߽ˣȫαװúȥ
ǰҶСĵظӦϵķʥú֪ʥԴͷڣʥ֮ʥĵطʥ֮ʣһس˹ȥ
ȴûκ˸Ӧ
ʱ֮һɽ֮£ǧۼΧסɽ塣ڷǡأԼӶľڣԼҼ£ŵָʮϵʥߣһͬɢɽ嶥һ޴ļ֡һھ޴ϵţһһʴ
Ǿޱ֮ڣԼɼһΣΪǱ̫ȴŮòΣֻǿζѡ
̫ˣȶǼ̲סҡͷ
ү¼ðһԵ˵
үżһЦֻҪЩʦıĳʹ첨֮׽˾ȳ
ٶȣֻûжʮʱڻļü˵ֻʥ֪˴£ӡ
˵ʲôˣľ̲סʡ
ȻȲûнһ˵κڳУĶҲ֪ݡ
ȿˣԥšһ̣治Ը˵ΪҲ±˻ġ
ŵ̫ˣǻѪһ׹̣󲻲λᣬҲӵмߵĵλ㲻ʵȨ˵һ仰ʥʻȴҲùţͻᱻڸΪТˡ
˭ҪǵõǼֱӵϵĻȨ
ολ̵Ͳһյʡ͵ĵƣǼȨʵǿ˭δĹʥ֡
־޴ǰȻԼĶҲš
Ƚȳ֮Ȼǡ˿ӣ˵
ӿٶȣӿٶȣ֮£̲סŷʦǺ㿴̵ģԵϵʥߵͷ𣿡
СеʱҶѾĵһɽϣʥ߳ĸйߡ
ô죿ޱʡÿռŻѴٻȻɱǸƬײ𣿡
ô鷳Ҷ˰֡ʵǶţֻҪǽŽߣô֮¸ùʥھ˽֪Ҳûйϵ
˼ֱ߶ţƶȵʡ
ǵġҶͷ˭Ḷֻ́Ҫ˲ڹʥǾƲˣܰǹʥʧ͡ЩսʿȻǶȵˣҲǹʥˡ
лʦΪʥ롣ƹɵҶ㹰ֵͷл
С˻ġޱ̲סЦڶͷᵯһ£ƳһЦ
ϾδʥʡƶЩεصѡ
ûϵʦƼæ˵
Ҷ˵ҹȥˡ
ҲҪȥޱʱʾԡ㲻ʲô¶ںɣҵʥȻħūǣҲ˲õǿߣܰæġ
ҡƶ˵ҵıҲɣʥɻҲǱҶ̫Ըģ֮ǿ
ӦҡҶһ֣Ļڴռţҵĺ֮ǡʹһ֣ʱɹͨռ뿪ңռű뿪֮Ի١ⲻǼ򵥵£Ҫɡ
ˡޱһͷ磬ֻҪ㲻ǰǵֻžͳɡ
˵꣬һЦһɾһģ
֪С˼ҶЦŹıһ£תͷȥĿһ±üΪͻȻһѾԽ룬һ³ɽ֮ϣһ޴ļǰ
ȵһоǼͻȻҶһ³ǰĿɿڴһʱҲ˵ҶǾ֮ʣһ±㻽˱˪ܣȥǿ޴ļתܡ
Ҷ㣡ʱȲŻعʱҪʲôˣס
һ£ǺͿ̶һ·ɹȥ˱˪ǰ˪ɢǿʱöҡҡλΣһֵԱ߶㿪
˪ܿǶʥޣǿʥҲҾôײȴ鼱֮µȻӦ
Ǹ֣һ֮󣬱Էһʥ˫иնʹɽѵĸ⣬һ̧֮һۣתۻһ˹ȥݻһ֮Ѻۣű˪ȥ
˪ͷҲأֱԶȥһУʥţȴѾҶ㻽һ֮Ӳͬʱ͵һ߷һңһϣǾʱһĺӭ˷ǵġ֮ۡ
ҵĦУǺʯȴҲⷨг˼飬Ҳĵɢû˵˪һë
ȣΪ˹ʥĽ㻹ǲҪ˼ĺáҶϣɫؿŶȡ
㣡ûָҶ㣬ȣҶ㣡ҸĺôٰɣΪδʱҵĴ£
ǶƵʦǲвĻλġҶ㵭һЦ
Ҷ̫ĲˡһüǰȰ⡣ǶѣǸһͬսϵɲһ㰡үӪһλȱв̫ӻλһ˵ô
ǲ֪飿Ҷ㿴Ű΢΢һЦ
֪ʲô飿ʡ
סʱҲҶ㣬һʥɢȥµǧʱγĴ󳱣һµס˱˪ܵȥ·
ǵס𣿡ҶУַųֻħūޡһʱ䣬ֻǿӴħū޵Χգǿޱȵħȫ
սʿһֻֻǿʥޣһɫ԰סҶǿ֪ټֻʥޣ˵ǧٶʮıҲס
սʿǵȫǺ¶һҪԼҶƴĻԼСŪþ͵ý
ҲɱҶ˵˭ҲҪ׷˭׷ɱ˭
Ǳôÿһ˵ģʥߺսʿǶ׹Ҥ
һתҶҲҧгݵĶȣԶȥֻħūߣñĿɨ·ȺǾ޴ڿǰȥ
Ҷ㣬ҵģȼˣۼߵһķԥԥҶ֣ȴʱһͻȻȡһεʥһ´УȻݺݵڵϡ
ʱɽʯ淢һĺţʱɢȴѸٵطϣһȵĽţһǿźɢţһɾײ÷飬ӰһǷź˳վ
ȴɵĿ½ˣһ׳ʵ¶ǿơ
һĻƣǽ֮ϣһĹâЩţջ㼯ͷ­ϵ˫Сһ˫˫۾·ǷľʯӨȴ¶е
ȻҪٻֵܣǿˡΪ׵һ΢΢һЦ˵
ǣȻǽ飡


675 һ
סߵһޱŭš
ֻһ޴Ӱ뿪ɽ壬һµҶħūǵǰ޴Ľ˶Ҷ㣬Ϊ׵һͷֲðҪٻǣԭȻǿĴڰ
ҶˣеԸӡ
ЩսʿҲȫһľ㵣ֵЩˣȫ֪Ǻηʥ
⡭ЩǸĲ£ľȻʡ
ȲûлشӣֻǴǰţҶ㣬ҲƴܾˣǶҶûкô֪һǶй¶ǸܡҶκһ֧ԲֻˡֻһʥʣĵӶҲֻһδɵСӣܣҲչʥ򣡶Ҳͬ㿴ǿҲвҵʵǻѣȻֻܷˣ
ҪףǲˡΪ׵Ľ˶һ΢΢üҶ˵ֻǺϵΪ˽ѺúǵǻʱķԸֻʥ޶ǿܾ˵ľ棬ԡȰ㻹ЩǱ黹ɡ
ʲôˣ˿Ҷĵģȴ˵
ⲻҪΪ׵ľЦֽĦЦ˸еëȻ
ǼȻӵн֮ȴʥôҶ뵽һֿܣͷһǽĽһ壡
΢Цͷҽһ£ǽ尵죬ʥߣγƺ
ʥ磬˻ʥҶ㡣Ҷ㻺˵
ȻĽһҲʥ磬ôˣʥʱôˣ֮Ҳֻħûнˡ
ʥ绢ҲѾҪʥ磬ʱĽһҲ
ôˣ
Ȼ䣬Ҷ뵽һ¡Լ˵ǰʥսʵΪһرϢġر˭֣ʱһȴûϸ˵ʱҲΪ⣬ûϸʡ
һл᲻Ϣйأ
һᡣ΢Цŵͷȭͷᴷһšƺǽһǡ
ҶЦŹ˹֡
֪һΪҪʥУҶʡ
ͲΪ˵ˡЦ˵ֽĦЦ˾ú̶ܴ
ǻʲô죿ȼˣšҶ㣬ҪôңҪôҵ˴һɣ
˵ţȴųȥһʥߴЩ֡
һĿɨȣһʥҪһ㡪ǲˣֻǺ飡ȻԱ֤ҶĶ뿪㲻Ҫܣ
ɫ࣬ȴ治ٴߴٳһ֣ȴŷǺͿҪָӾڣҶȥ·
ʱƶն𣬽ҶһھһΧ
Ҷ㣬Ұɡǲ㶯֡һ˵һ֡ɸߵģʹҶһʥ޶ԵЩСҲֻ˪վֱ֮ǶŶ·硣
ҶȣֱСһ㡣
ʱǻҶ㣬ĻƱøҫۡǵϲɢκϢֻǾ޴ĽγĪѹ֮˾塣
ܡҶһһٵ˵
ǾͱǸˡһ±ñޱȣ̧־һȭ
һӰȭŽĹҶֱش˹ȥҶβߵϼһſڣ³һϹӭǵȭӰȻȭӰ޴ޱȣǱϹƣеĽһʧ
͵ص˵ͷܸӦȺʥǿһȴ˺ܶࡣҴƽ֣ҵĸ£ȴڼʮڻֻʥޡˣ
ȱ˵󻰰ɡҶʱҲżˣŪЩ˵ܡһ˪ܡʥţɳӥг۲һ˪ľצ͵ץԷһʥţ֮ӰҲŶԷײȥɳڿͻȻγɳǣһƬʴԵֱ˹ȥ
һЩһЦţһȭһƬ֮⣬ֱӾͽ˪ܵıצ÷顣
ֱӻȭ˹ȥʥţ֮Ӱ𣬽ɳֱ˺ѣһƬȻסˣǵȭ֮£ܿͱɢ
ЩʴԵھǵţϻеĹâ͵˼£㽫ȫˡ
λʵҲǾ˰Ҷ㵭һЦ
һ֣ҶֻΪ̽ǵʵʹ÷֣ЩĲǷֱӵĹԶҲֻһֽȭơ
ֻǿ󣬵ǿȴûκθԵ
ںȴѾˡЦţѾᣬϧԼ֪ϧ
λʱɢ˭ҲҶ㣬ȴһֻħū˹ȥֱѡϼףֱ˹ȥһȭ
ڿзĽȭƣ˶ޱȵĽȭͷԻɽ壬ѴصĻȴʥǻҪǿһЩ
ĸˣֱֻħūޡǵдһɫ·ΪǰЩǿʥսԼȭ£ǵǿ֤Լʵһ㡣ϵĻйâƺʾǵڲܴܿﵽ۷״̬
һϣɵȴţָſеҶ㡣
⡭һ˿ԥǺͿҲûڡҶ֪ģ֮ǰҶսʱҶҲûٸǺôʱҪҶ㶯֣һе㲻˼ȴе㺦¡
ȱϾǵӣȴҲòӲͷƤǰûԹȥɢʥָž糱Ҷɱȥ
ҶһӽʥѾųʱ֪ôʥߣʮǿսʿΧУɳ
ɱʥ߽ţʥǧһҶɱ˹
Ҷ΢΢һЦֱȡһ֮ʣһⵯȻֱ֧뿪˻ʱҵıըҫĹâ˹УλڱըҽжûüѾ΢
ڵжǿ󣿵Ҷûʥ壬ҲҪһ֮£ЩͨʥߺսʿεֵˣڻըΧ֮ڣĴʬ޴棬Ե֫壬һ˲˵սʿڲҽԿˤϣһѪ
޲ľ
ŶʱϼײĳĿһ˼λʥ߾ȻҲôǿãɣ
˵ţȭͻȻøͣȻϼױƵòסˣҶӶȥ
ҪҶ֣Ҷ΢΢һЦʱ򿪣ʥ񻯳׹˳ӳϡǰӭ˹ȥ
еɫͷҶ㽫ڶڿһ߲ãʮְ˵ұһɡ
ðҶһЦ䣬͵һȭ
ͬʱȭֱ۵ĳȾܽҶ㵲Զ̫СʥߣֻΪǿҲǿ֮Լһʱ֮£赲ʱȴҲˡ
һȭʵʵֱӺ˳ϣǾ޴Ľ˲Σı۾ȫͻȻ봦Уһס
ȴΪ̫֮


676 ķ
Ǿ޴壬ֱԸ߿ˤȥڴϷȻ죬ҳһ޿ӡ
ó˲صĴۣһȭԴðݽȥһűĴͷ­ʱȴ״
λˣǴԼ죬λǿİ֮ȻһһɸߵССʥ߻ˣ
֪ȴʥ
ÿһʥ񣬶֮һҲЩˣϻ̺ž޴֮һٷһĻжǿ
ԴѾ֤һУ
λ˾֮ʣĴħūȴûͣŭԷֱײǷһʱλ˱֮С
ɱɱҲҶչֳŻˣʱѹشšȫ嶼ɱȥ㲻ʥ첨𣿸Ҷɱˣ
⡭ԥţһҧ첨˳ȥˮ˲Ҷ͵˹ȥ
ҶĿһԶİȴ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ֪첨ЧʱԶȵȴʹãԾΪ˾ͻȵֻһ㣬ˡԼֵġС
ֻЩħūֻȴܲ첨ҶһƿȴƿͬʱҲеħū޶ջ˺ħ֮УǾ޴ļԾסٵ뿪첨ķΧ
첨һ¹˸գæ֮ջأģҪٴҶ㣬ȥ
ҶȴǺȥˣħһӣһ½ʮֻħūͳͳ˳ʮ޴ӰʱһƬڱΣһǿħǵɢģǹսʿǸӿ־Ľ
ô£ô£ȾֵؽţҶôôʥΪսǡħūǺħȡħū
԰Ҳһľ㵣ħôȡôħū
λҲһ˵ĶģʤĻĶʮⳡ̻ʲôƨҲóٿ·ϴе죬λ˵ɫԽѿ
ӣȴѾ޴ˡʮֻħūǷ˷ĽǿĹ֮£λֻǿֿħū޵Χ֮£ȴһһĵ£һͨңٱħū޺ݺһͨȭߣȫǵһˤڴ֮ϡ
ⳡŴ죬һ仰Ҳ˵
̻ʲô
λɸߵĽ˰ȶʥĽ˰ǶҶĶ֣˭ҶĶ֣
졢ءޱǺҶôӵôࡢôǿħūô쵽ģ
ʮֻʥ޻ɵħūޣͲԼܵеùġЩ߸վ۷֮ϵʥǰӵֻһЦͷѣû൱ǿߣʮҲʲôΪǴ򲻹Ҳܴݵߣκסǣ
ҶԶԶ˶һۣԷǾдŲʵЦ
˿ûѾʧ˵ļһһ˪ܱʱ˹ȥҪǾ޿֮еĳ
ҲʱȴͻȻԲͬķ˲䵽ҶϷĿСȻʶڿ֮󣬶غŶԷ
Ҷ̧ͷȥֻһȴһɫĽȻǽĽˣЩ˵ĲߣֻһңҹģҶȴЩؾáһȺˣǡŮģ
ҲԱҶԼе㲻̫ʹˡ̲סʼĥЩһǷҲһܺ
һȺϰ֮࣬ȻıȳҪС̫࣬ȣȴǾˡҲ֪ȺΡʵΣö࣬ǡǡʵг˵ɣҶһƱħū޿¾ͲǶˡ
һȺˣȴҶĿһ
Ⱥǧ֮ڣΪߺȻ裡
˿̣ôĿⶢҶ㣬ҧÿ죬ģƺǺ޲ʱҶҧ
Ҷ㲻Ҵ⣬һ˪ʱֹͣжصҶߣͬһԴԷκһͻȻ֡
һգһʱȫǾ֮ɫȻͻȻɱôҲе⡣
һʱЩ죬˴˶ŵķ˭طˣ˭˵һٴеģ
ߵĽѡҶȴȿ˿ڣϷЩŮһ֪֡ǴǴս־
˭ŮзɳһλҶԻǺȻҲнĦ̶֮˾һζϸ壬Ů
Ҷ㣬ʥһλʥߡҶ˵ǽһˣ
֮ǰԳǡ䡱ɼ廮ԲơͬĲ䣬ȴ֡ҶЩŮ̫Ҳһ塣
ܵģŮָŵϵĳʡ
ǡҶһͷ
ŮЦЦʱ죬ۣǧСͷ˵ʱЩŮһҶָָ㣬˽һȺСεѾƵġ
ҶһЦ
λĹһߣȴҲ΢ЦŮ⡣裬ʥһλʥߡյü﷼ݣңһᣬһᣡ
ŮЦ˵ǶͨյģҲһԼԵǽ˲ƵġҽлȣӰҲ죬ЩǲеĽá
һᣡ輱æЦһŮ˹֣ЩŮһﰵЦ
Զɽϻ֣ʣɺã
ǡ裡ȴۺʱϳλħ
£ͷһЦү´˴ǰһ֮ģ
ã̫ˣйâһָҶ㡣佫ɱҶ㣬ǿޱκҪ󣬱㣡
үġ˵ͷһ࣬ٴŻȺĲһ֣λҶʥһλϲǷǣ˲д𣬽ϣҪ֮𡣶ȴֶԸλͬ´˶֣ʵڿɺޣλ粻һ֮ҶǧУ
Ҷ΢΢һü
边Ȼȵģϡ
Ȳ֪Լôһλ֣ôڶȣ֪˶ڴ֮󣬱ҪɱԼɶѡ
Ҷע⵽֮еһˡһֱ󣬲죬¶һУȴʱ޿̲¶һɽ֮ɫ·һλƶм䣬ԳݶԸ˵һƵġ
ҶԼоϵϢȴЩ
һҪŽἸһԸԼȴǶԼȵĲ
ʱ׼׼һǹ֮ȫʱޱһϣһռűӵӰ١
ɾʱȴЦˡ裬̲סЦӨ¶һɹ
ԼоЩԣһü
ʥ˼Ȼ˶ԸԼͬҡҡͷ˵أǱ㲻ˡ㿴Ƕ԰ٴĳޣҲһԸǡ
Ŀһ
ҶȴЦˡ


677 ֮
Ҷ㣬ǽѵ˰쵰ķϣҾȰ˵ˣٻعͷɡȽһ仰ȴҶҲĿһ
ŮûģȴҪڳȫɵһ򾡡
⻰ҲһȻȫ㲻Ůӵ״ʲô⡣ҲʱһλŮͻȻˡת˺ƺƵİ̧֮䣬ÿ˶ʮϵĵâ֮
Щҫ˲㻮˿ռ併ٵ֮Уʱһڹսʿ䵹һƬ
ãۼһּ͵һƬ۾ˣһ˫о޸ȥ֮䣬˼ʮâҲҵַ̧ۣ֮Ҳٵâ
ֱӳ֣첨֮赲һ˱㵲˽ٵâ첨֮ʣûҲ΢΢ͷޣʥ
ôһأǧâֻһٶ˹֮Сһٶâ䵹˽ǧˡֻâ֮󣬻ɢ
ǵٶȿ죬Ҳ󣬴ʱɢܽɵĵˣھ鴤֮ײԱߵֽۣͬԼͬ۵絹ۼâ˵ȲɢʥæɢҪһ𣡡
һ̫ˡ΢΢һЦּ̧ųʮ˵âֱ˿ءǺͰ˾֮мæֵûϵȵĵâԶʤЩͨӰŮӣ˰첨ǿסâ֮⣬ǺͿȴС
ǻ˵ǷϵʥߣԶ֮ȴԶɹ赲ââȫ壬ڲҪȻƤֱð̣ôû֮ǡ
ؾͲͬˣϵʥߵֻڽâ֮ǿҲͬʱֵֻ㱻ļ͸壬ȫ˸֮䷢ҽУֱˤϣҲ֪ǻ
һֱ֣ѹƶһ֣ڳ˶һü⡣
ˣҪ񣡡
ڴʱһԾֱ֮һˣΪһͷ͸ĳһ׵ɢһʥȴǰ˻ʥһñ
ñҶ㲻һ
ʱڻñߵǿߣȴˣбҶʶĻһͷڡȫʥӿ˲£һ֪Ǽǿĸ֡
ôҶкһơ
ñҶһۣĿ⸴ӡһ仰Ҳû˵ֻһƴһ񳱣Ϯ˻ȡ
ԭ㣿û뵽ȾȻñʶЦһֱһƻ˹ȥñһơһ˲ɣ޴֮ñ˳ȥҲɡ
һʱǰñΧסӰŮΧסԼ죬˫սš
鰡ȴЦһ֣ʾԼĶ黺ȥͬʱҲŰȥһǴǵʱ֮ˣ
󳷣󳷣ۼԼĶһͱŵǧˣҿػδȻۣûʧȥǣæʹؾ밽Ŵȥ
ñһƣһ˱˵Ҷߡ
ôڴˣҶ㵭ʵ
ҵõϢнǿ߻ʥУ˱׷飬ˡñɫأûЩǵ˵ʽҲ֤һ˵ǿʹλŮҲ鲻Խر
һ·׷٣ǽ֣ȴ˿òȥ׼ȴһ·˹ʥҲֻøˡҶǵΪǿȣδ֣ǧⲻã
ܵõñۣȷʵ쳣˵ãҶ㲻ĿȥסŮӡ
ʥȻǲԻôǿĴڣҾְȿЦšǵһҲҵĶ֣һǷġ
Ȼǽնˣô㵽ʲôǲǿԸˣҶ㿴ŻȣϹ΢Ц
ʵͦϲһġȿҶ˵ǰҾ֣㻹򶨴ݶǱߵʲôүֱ֮𡣡
һ˵һ߲м˶һۡһҹ˵ʲôǴѵʱ֪ʲô
Ŀ裬дһ˿ԥһﵹǸɫʧƣҲҶԿǿУɨڡֻһ
ǱߴԼʱߵǸͻȻһطǰľٶ˵ע⣬Ȥشˣ΢΢һЦƺ¸վˡ
Ҫ⡣˵͸һλߵĽᡣ
ʦɣɫһæסˣ
ʲô˲õһƿַ֣ǰηηµķ´˳ȥһӢ
һλѽЦš
˼ˡñҶߵһϵϢ֣ôоʥ˰
ֻǾϢЩϤһʱȴ벻һʲôϢҶš
ȻǸ֣ʱ˶ŻЦΪǽǿҿȴҲֻ۸ʥߵķˣ
һһȻʹ죬ȻϻЦݣɱЦ˵ôʶһλʦı°ɡ
˵һ̧֣â˲˹ȥ
Цһ̧֮䣬ųӨĳǹǳǹͨɾʯɣȥӨ͸ÿȴδ۵ۿۣʯǹâײһѤ̻𣬷ÿ
Ǵ˸ƽ֡
ñѽЦ˵ȴʹ죬һ̧֣һâʱϵĻƼۣͻȻ仯޴ĵâֱ
ĿһȻӦâޱߡҴ⣬ȫӿһֱ̧ųʮʯǹЩǹһ󣬷ǰӭ˵ââײ֮󣬾ͱֱ
ʣµĵâƳգֱ˻
˴һȴԵ˾ţһ̧֣Ͼ˸֮ʣһöݵɫࡣ
ͷСţÿһ£ܴΧϢı仯һɢķһ˲ڷųӭĵâ
һУĵâȻͬʱһ£ٶԵס𶯣·ʱ塣
ȵ۾ʱһ䣬Ҳ𾪵ı顣
һһ֣Ҷʱˡ
˻ӦԭҰž޴ˮصȴȫܸӦʵ
һ֮ģһ֮ģ
˲䣬Ҷλ˵ʵݣ侹Ȼеĸ֣һλǿ壡
徹Ȼ裿
üͷ
ǿ֮ķһϢ鲼ΧĿռ䡣˾ЦšĿЩڶʧȥ˽֮ĵâϣƵԶһȵĻϣʵ㻹ӱʦĴҾ֣ķֻ·һ
Цţ͸һɱ֮⣬е֮һɫĹ档һȼţɢĪڳ˶оһľŻȣ֮Ķ׼λǿߣƺʱҪ֡
ʱӰһԺ󷽵һӹơ
ǿ֮ģͲˣ


678 һ֮
Ӵһʧ˸ɾԳǡ塱˴ԼյģȻ̧ͷǰһֻɢϢľ޴ʥޡ
ѩӰ
ʱһ֮Ѿȥ򣬵ֻѩӰͷԼǣһոճһʳڻζӡһȻͷɵҶߣڿнһ̣նԣһޱȵģ
㡭ɴ۾ѩӰȴ˵һ仰
ΪڴʱʧȥƵĵâһ»ָɣֱǰݺݴ塣λصûü˽ԼݣûüչʾԼò㱻ĵâ͸˽̿Կˤ棬ˤķһصĲ
㶵ؿһУκŷһŭ𣺡Ҷ㣬˰
˫ͨ죬·ʧȥϣһ㣬͸֮ɫ
ˣָؿڣ˺һȻЦ˿úܣֻʥǿֻ࣬ҲһĶءããһڳλо͸ûҵĶˣǿϧأɣҸһᡪֻҪҳǵ¡ɣӡҾͿǲʥ±ҴҲǵһݡ
ЦݣøһһֵԨĸо·ֻĹսʿǣԼǲųѨѣһᵽɤۡ
Ҷ磡ñҶ㣬ͻȻڡ֪֮ǰҶԲ㣬Ҳϵʱ鼱֮£ȫҵͷһжҲã뿴ͬǰ˻ʥ˵ķϣǶʥͬķϣʱЩ°ɣ֣Ǳһսʤһ򡭡
İɡҶ㿴һЦҲرˣԴǴǣ֪ѡ񡣲λӰҲ죬ʵҲûô¡
һ¸ҵҪվˡ΢ЦעҶ㣬ʥˣҪΪʥǿ࣬ҽֵıǮǿǸͽƾ֮ȴҲҵĶ֡㲢ˣõҲܷӳͷǻСҺܿʵԻԸ㡪Ҳλñһᣬҳɡ
ôһĿһǱϻˣְɣҶǲǵĶ֣˵󻰣
˵֮䣬һʱһΪصףһϣʱһɶߵ׾ˣͷȴȻȵ˻Ҫ߳һͷ
λñ£Ҳʱףһ˸ߴľˡ
һ֣ϱӿһžڣСһץ򿪣ȴԴץһСҲãҲãȴʥһɢǿǷ
ҶĴмңǸӦЩʥ֮䣬Ȼ֮ȻЩʥȴӵмǵʥ
͸ˡʥѹƣ±仯ǻۣ飬Ҷ֮ǰǷʱǲħһ㡣
Ҷ磬ְɣñ֮䣬֮ʱɳʮʥЩʥȫΣһߴɣʵǶһľˣһؼϿ˸ָͼɢͬľ޴
ͬʱñҲһץȡһ޳ĻγС
һʱ䣬ϵĳѩⳤͬʱɢ嫶ǿ
ʶôãȴǵһ¶ʵҶ㿴΢Цͷ
ôôǰʵȫ¶ñЦһ㲻ȫ֪ˣҵļҵ׾ô࣬ԶЩǿħūޡ
ǿδءҶҡͷʮʥʥʲôҸӦǵΪǿ󣬶ӵǣ²ҵʥٰɡ٣ҲһĶʥޱȼˡ
żñ˵СʱõһԶʦָżƷҲֻƳʮ㣬׾͵õôħūޡ㾹ȻܽħѸô
ЩأҶһָüϵס
оסñ˵Ϊڣǵն𵶣п㶼֪ˣ
һʱȴ˵Ƥ
ǴݰЦһʱʱ̸˵صģ治ҷˣ
˵֮䣬͵غһ̧־ͷ˰˵âֱŻñҶ˹ȥ
˵âͷȴȷɱ˾ǼҪһλǶʵ˵âޱȣñˣɫҲ֮һ䣬ʱʥ׼ֵ
üҲٴУ׷׾Ǻڣ׼˵â׼֡
ȣҪ̫⣡Ҷʱһһȼһ⡣ǽ֮УһɢذţԭҰǽˮһ·ʮʮɳĽ͵һƿնҫ۵Ľ⣬͵سǰӭǰ˵â
ȵ۾ʱɵϴ¶ı飡
ñҲȻԭأ
ʶҶҲãҶʶҲã˭ҲûϵҶ㾹Ȼܷ
ʮʮɽʮ
Ȼ֮Уֱײǰ˵âҫ۵Ĺ֮Уǵâͬھһըɢ޴ĳɨһУ𶯣ɽѣսʿһֵŸԶӣ
Ĺ꣬һ˾֮еĻȡ֮ʣȼæٴηâֵʱһǧɳСȴǵض˲佫У
ײըУ
ǿĽӰսʿǣÿһʮСסЩɳСײ֮£һŽɫıըâ֮УһʧȥϢӨ۾ʧȥ˹ʣԿбֱˤ֮ϣ
ǣҲûõȥؾĵâʮСըɵĩ֮£Ȼȥ֮ǰһ˻ԵʵȴҲӲʮɽϣȴûһ˿ãʮɽڻ֮ʣȴȺ˹һֱӺݺײϣһ½ײ˳ȥ
ȷһҽУƴҪסٷʱһѾεıٴ͵һײ
绨Ľ˿ԻĻб÷ɢͺʥ˺³Ѫһ㡣
ҵײλײȫâɢȻ˲ᡣȴûлȥҧأͼ
ɾʱײ֮ȱȫĽȴһͬһ֮ӱըֱӽңԶգ
һҽУһɸߵľ޴ӰԶȥ
ʱҶȴһ׹͵ƿն˲׷˷ڿŵĻȣ˫ȭһϣ͵һңɶߵľ޴ֱ棬ݺײ֮£Ǵضı״һµѺۣ
ñͻüһ˴ؿҶ㣬Ѿ˵һ仰
ȫţһѪսĴŮһȫǾ֡һ򶥼ǿߣʱʱعҶע⵽Լʱתһڲû
ʱֻһ¡ԸԼⱲҲҶ㣡
ɢҶУĿͶ˵ԶĶȴ˵һ仰
ү԰ɡߵ˵


679 
ҶУݣ˿оһ⡣
ʲôս
ʲôһ򵱹Ī
գҶܺõڹ͡
ȵӲţҲ벻Ҷֻƾһ֮ȻֱӸɵôµĶ֡
Լǿǰƨ
ñһڲ£㵵쿴Ҷ㣬еԸӡ
ҶĿɨˣȴôƽԼ֪һֹȻ棬ԼҲѾĹ˽ˮصʮʮɾһǧСȫ˸⣬벹ʹЩǿĽûаҲʮ졣
ʱǿҲֻʥʮֻħūޡڻ¹ⱦ٣֮¶ǲһȼˡ
һﾫͷһʼתˣȻҶ㻹ûаܻסǰЩˡ
㻹Ҫ𣿡Ҷһָ˪ŵǿޱ
ҡҡͷεЦţȻҶ̫ҪǾҶ̫߰ɡ˵ҲһѪҶ̫ҪԴǡ
ȻҶͷһЦȻү׼ΪУô硭
ʹ˸ǣٻᣬСȻҶ̫ϼꡣȺǺЦŹ˹֣ǸɫȴʹȻ䲻һȥ
ǺͰһۣͬʱ˿ܲҶ㽻ֶ˵£Ҷ㽻־෴Ĳҡ
˲ȫҶ㹰ֵȻһĶתȥܿŴ뿪ССı
ǡñҶ㣬һʱ˵
Ҷ˻֣ûеˣҲװų˰ɣ
ҲǡñһЦԼ»˻֣ϵʥҶ㣬Ŀг˾η֮ɫ
ҶǺʱɵģñҶʡ
»Ҫл㡣ҶһЦ
лңñһ
ǰҶ˵ͷɫδҲһϱ
ˣҶֱӽұɲɣñЦʡ
ҽ˵ֻЦˡҶ˵
ǹ֮𣿡ñʣʥѾˡ
Ƿ߹㣬һͨŻĻƽ֮УҶʡ
ʲôñһ
һ΢ŻҶ˵ʱ㳷ȥߣұ΢ŻеУʵǿֵܵԭ㲻뺦ǣǴ͸֮㷽żĽĴ衣
ñɫһ±üΪѿ
һ棬ΣյŻԼ֮Уһ˰յ£һ棬ǿķԼҲзݣȴԼ֮⣬͸ˡ
ִ˭Ҳܲˡ
ñȻͬˣƬ֮ЦҲעӵСҡҶʵ˵ϲϵڱĴ°ɣ
ûôǿֻܻһֻСҶʵʵ˵ȴʮҸ˵Ǻ£ʥ˵ȴǻ£ΪҵԽǿ󣬽ǽͨԽס
ʥеһʯñͷԽǼʵǽͨԽסǲΪʥǧɱ˰ɣ
Ҷؿһñɫʱͨ죬Ť˵˼ҾǿЦҶô˲Ҫ
ȴָֻ˴ǰӡ
֮Ѱ˴ɡʯأҶʡ˵Ѿȡϵ裿
ñɫʱ˵Ц֮д˼ʵĻǾ仰˵ֻЦˡ
ҶʲôҶĻʯ֮ڴϣҶٻԷģҪĵҲֻǿɱô졣
ˣΣǺľͲˡʱϣӦϣʤʱʥҪһ壬һԼе顰ʯˡ
ҶҸղֻǿЦñЦúǿ֪ԼŵĻѾҶ㡣
ҲǼƽ֮ˡҶҡҡͷһ֣ħūʱ˹ʼڴķĽ˼
һپӰŮ˵ʬ壬һȡ
˵ҲѡҶһָ߸ߴİʬ塣ЩˡЩ˳֮⣬ûֻһżȴϺõϡƾǿżɣǸûżֻһȼǺö
ңñȻɡⶼԼ
ҪǲҪҶʡ
ҪñʱһϻҲûˡø
ͬҶ˵ڲǻͽҲѾʼħצЭʥҪ֮֮֡ĶԹִǰʲôοҲûʲôԹ
ñҡҡͷͻȻһЦΰݴȴʹ֮ˡ塯
ͿǼϣ´ΣձҶǰ浱ˡҶ뿪Ц˵
һñģû뵽ñȻ߾һֻ֣ص˵ԲҶ£ұͼסϵһʥԶΪ˵ū
һ̲סش
ҶҲһס𱸵Ǻοࣿ
ҡñҶ㣬۾ﾹȻҶ磬֪ԼˣҲ㣬һʱϣԭҰɣ
˵֮ûʲôԹҶ̾Ϣһ
ۻñΣܷģѾ㹻֤ĳ⣬ҶٶҪʲô
콫Щ˰ɡҶ˵Ȼٹһǳ˹ɾͲðˡ
ԣҪñæ˵ͷһ˵һ߼æԼĲȥƶЩĽˡ
Ҷ硣ñ겿ºתҶ㣬Ȼ΢Ż˿£ܲܡ֪ϴε֮Ѿ޷ˣ㲻ӦҲûʲô˵ġֻǡ
Һһٶ΢Ż֮ɣҶһЦ
ǵġñ˵ͷ
㲻ңԭҲ뵽ġҶɫǹϵʥĴ£ɲ⡣
ҶȷǸֵˣѹֹʥܷĽԼĶӽ㡣ñ̾
ˡҶͻȻһ£̲סʣ㵱˵ħʥһλӣѹӣҪҵħȴֻɣħֿ֣һƴҲֻľħѣʲôӡ
㷽ѾᵽˡñһЦ
ʲôҶȻ˼ǡħӣ
˵ʱǻӽʲôҲû㡣ñЦ˵ΪһܣҵȻҪԼ֮УøԼĺô
е㡭Ҷ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ħʥʵ˽ӡñ˵ħ᲻֪ħӦ֪ħ֮ܵħʥʵأҲһֱħʥ衣֮λϣһӵôǿҲħʥʰеࡣȻΪ˭һ˲ϣʵҪǮƵѽ
ҵϡҶҡͷһ̾


680 
ұΪ⽫ǿҵõ޴ôܡñε̾ϢһȴѾֵǮˡħʥħȨѾߡʱ˶֪ʵݣҲѾƲ꣬ı䲻һˡ
ԼӦ֪ɡҶ˵Σûӵ¶ȡȨ
ôһ˵ñøأ֪ܣڱΪпضشȨ
±ħ֪Ҷһü
һħءñ΢΢һЦҶ磬ҲҰһæɡ
еǰҶڰԼҶָָˡ
Ӧ˵лñһЦˣѩӰʳĶӦһƳɵʥɣ³ɡôһʥʵҪ٣˼ء
ҶѩӰѩӰҲȻҶ¶˾ȵı顣
ôˣñ̲סʡ
Ѿ²ˡҶεЦЦѩӰ˵ǶĶͻˡ
ˣñһһ֮ƳɵʥѩӰȵȣҶ磬˵᲻ѩӰдϢԵʣ֮ĸӦѪԾѩӰںˣ
ĻѩӰӦҶ˵ţѩӰȴͻȻһ𣬽ţһƬƬӿһƬƬۣ˲佫ѩӰΧǰѩӰȻΣȫƬȴȻ·ǻһֻ״
ѩӰһӣЩƬڻȻֻ棬ѩӰΧѩӰſһ㾡С
ǿҶоȵʥˣѩӰܽպãֻʵֻ٣ϲͷ
ʱԶޱȴźƶͶһ˹һñԱߣޱüһ§סҶĸ첲ضŻñʣô
˶ѡñεһЦ
磬ҡޱҶ˵Ǽߴ֣ȻҲҡѩӰƺǸӦʲôһ·˹Ҳûס
ûסñ˵ȻʱȽ鷳ѩӰòһµأ
ޱһۣǲ˵ֻҶ㣺ѩӰʲôˣ
һ֮ġҶ˵
֮ģƶͶƶһ
Ժ˵ɡҶ˰֣һȡ˾¯ұ˻֮ʣˡ
ˣǺһȡ
ɣλ͡ʱ˹Ц˵ýҶȥæɡ
һñҶ㣬΢΢һЦҲȡһֻ¯¯ϿŻñһģ¯ʱڣȴһ
ˣҶĿһ
л¯ñһЦǸأ
¯Ҷ˵
¯ñƺʲô˵ƺ˵֣˵ǰλʦôһԶŴ¯
漴һЦֻǸ˵ѣû뵽ʵоȻнֵ¯Լģ
ȴûⱾ¡ҶһЦͬʱȴһ󼤶
¯ҶʥȡʥΪǿԵʹãҶ绳ͷʱñôһ˵ʱҿ϶Ǵ˵Զ¯
ñȴֻΪҶ㲻Ը˵¯ҶҲûԼ¯ǳƽˣҲûٶ˵ʲôһ¯¯ʱͳһʮɸߵľ¯һĻ滯˷֮ηӶľ߰˵ʬ壬Իŵĳ¯
ҶҲһľ¯¯ʱҲ˶ʮɸߵľ¯һɣһ߾Ӱ˵ʬ¯Уһ֮󣬲ŽҲͶС
ñú棬̲ס뷢ʣʱҶȴ磬ȡһĹ쾧ʯͶ˾¯֮ڣɸüͷ壬֪Ҷõʲôӣʹõʲôϡ
ֶҴûһ߿һĥţͻȻĿһ
ѵ֮ôģ
Ҷ㽫ܾʯͶ˾¯ڣЩʬһЩ˵ǿûָӣȴվһǿҶơ֮󣬰پʬѾһ޴ĽΣҶ㲻סԾʹȴʹβסСȴһͨʥһСĽˡ
Ҷٽܾʯ֮Լʥʥ֮󣬴˵ʱ˵۾ҫ۵Ĺâʹ¯֮УҲǷۡ
ˣ
Ҷһϲȴ˵ʲôһ֣ǽ˵ϱһâ͵ǰȥһ˻ȵڡ
˲䣬Ѿʧȥ˹ʵľӨ˫۱㱬ǿҵĹâһֱͦӣھ¯վֵشܣȻҪɳȥ
һȽ˵ĻñӦ¯ڵı仯һæҶҪѣҶһȴ֪ҶԤϵֱ仯
ȸҪڣһɾ޴ֿͣϥֵص۾ҪȴƲԼ壬Ҫ˵ȴһ
Ҷޱ飬¯ڣžޱ߾ȡģȸоԼ֮жһЩĶԼʶģշ·һΰԺвԼǰļ䣬һμ䡣
ǼУҶ㴴ҶȨҳҶ㣬δκҶԿ֮⡣
Ҷ㽻սȴԼԼݣԼҶ㡣е˵ʹ̲࣬סȫһִ޲ƽֱ˵ˣ˴£Ȼ˳֣Լ̡һ
һ˵ԱߵĻñһ£ЩѾ˸ճˮ
һæУñòǿס¯ڵķ˻档һȶ̲ס㵵Ҷ㡣
ֻҶ㵭Ц˵ԭйֻҪҳˣһԿ
лˣƽֱ޲ش𡣽ţ¯һԾվڵϣ˫ŴŸ£̤Ĵʱ˽
Ҳоϵľ޴̧͵ؽһʱԵܶ壬ڲ
ʱȥȲޱ仯ֻϻĵâȴѾʧ
㡭ʲôñ̲סȵʡ
ڽһ֪ǲҪļ䡣Ҷ˵ҲûֱӽǽĲһںҵʥʥĽˣںһ壬ɽ˵־־γһµĻ־ܽҵңܱȵһм䡣
㡭ñҶ㣬ȴ˵һ仰
СıˮҶӦñ¯е仯æѡ
ñһæҡ
ߣҶ˾¯Ǳߣñȴæš
Ҷ㿴һĵӣ΢΢ҡͷЦԶȥʱһֱԶȥҶߣߣҶͣͣ
°ɡҶԶһʯǰʯϣʾҲ¡
ʱվűáȱ˫֣ƽֱ޲˵š


681 
ޱ˷ĽͺҲ߶ҲҶ߶һˣ֪ԼôóȻȥȴòֻźģͻһŻñȥ
˵˵ɡҶһʣһŻһ֣Ҳɡ
ĺĻüȻȥһȰĿͶ˻ññͷһ˹ȥ
ˣҪȴӺ˵𣿡ʡ
ҵĹǲҶҡͷһЦȻľɼں˽ʹܱ鱾ʣǻȴ
ҶѾˡ̲סһ䡣Ǽ˵ģ뾭Ƴӵǻ۵ʥǲܵġǸʥӳǺٲϼǧʱпܡ
𡣡Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ͷתȣ˵ǽԹһ𣿡
ҡҡͷԲ䡣˵ͱտڲԡ
һһ䣿Ҷֻʡ
ҡͷʱ̫壬Ҳѳಿ䡣
һжٲ䣿Ҷʡ
ǧ򡣡Ȼش
ִ޷κ⡣Ҷʣôж壿ǽȫԱսʿ𣿡
ʮС岻еĽ˶սʿȻش
ôǽжǿĽˣҶʡ
Ҳ֪ӦòࡣȻش𡣡֪ܴﵽּ߹ϡ٣ҲұеǿߡҲȷΪഫ˵еǿߣʮһûüǽֱԣ׷ųʥ硣
ôܺģ̲סʡ
ȴҲһֻۣǶҶ㣬·¼ֻҶԴʳ
ҶҪһ£ĵضҶ˵
ΪϷ𣿡ƶüһۡǹϵʥƽȶĴ£йЩûõ⣡
νʥģҶʡ
ʮҡͷƽӰҲ󣬵֪벿еڲ֮УǱ׷ʳǵ䡣׷ɱǵĹУһӰУȻǹӰʧˣǱزȥˡ
ʥ˽٣Ҷʡ
࣬١˵֪һЩʥ£˵ΪңԶĹȥԶʱɹͨͨ塢Ļ壬ʥ֮еʱͨʹʥ緢һЩ仯
ô˵Ӽȴʥ磿Ҷʡ
ӦǰɣΣҲһУҲֻǴ˵ѡ˵
ȻأΣҶʡ
׷ɱȻָԶĻñ׷ǵĵϸҪ׽ǣһܺˡɱ˻˶ѡ
Ϊֻ׷ɱҶʡʥ磬ûһ˿֮ģ
Сȵͷ׷ɱΪƽ𰵽䣬ҲҪҵȥķ˸ңҪʥʥ߽Ŀǵȶͨ˱ʥ硣Ҳ뽨ͨľˡǿֻƾЩһ硣
ΪҪռʥ磿Ҷüʡ
ʥģҪͨʥ˵ǵĿĲʥ磬ֱʥħ硣յĿģҵħ·ʹܽħ硣˶磬Ǵ˵еشڣֻʥܸӦǵڣǲܡ
ҲӦƶ̲סü
ħҶλʥߡ
⡭ƶһ漴ͷô˵Ļȷʵˡÿһʥ߳ʥ֮ǰҪͨеһõͻƳʥ
֮ȴûҶͷͨʥ緲˱ֱӸӦ͵õİܲ˵档ֻȻ֮£ϸ룬ȴ˵ʥħ֮ϵޱȡ
ΪҪħ磿ƶ̲סʡȻҶһ飬㿪ˡ
Ϊ˵õ˵
Ҷʡڵѵʵ
ʵ˵ǲûһий٣ǳζŲζ᲻ӵеһп֡Ƕԣֻһζó̡ǿԻǧ֮ãǧս֮ûбȤԡﵽ۷֮ΩһĿҲʧȥǺһǿߣǰֻһսʤʱ᲻һ˿ɹȤžûȤζˡ
׷Ҫħ磬еǿ߻ȥΩһ˰ɣޱ̲ס̾Ϣһ
Ƕǣû̫вɣ̲ס˵˵ǿǽԼǰͨ·ǰǶԿˡ
棡ƶüҡͷ
ô˵أƲ
ԼɡҶһЦȻʻȣʥ磬Ǵô죿
磬Ҳһֿ֣ǿ֮µսʿǵõá˵ȻǻǳΪūΪѰҺͽͨ
Ǻöƺ޺޵һ䡣
˵档ƶ̾˿ԺѧŵɣǽĹʥʣɲʲô¶ƾԼ뵱Ȼ
Ŷ֪ˡƵ˵ͷӺܹԡ
ڿҲһ޴вҶü˵ͽͬʱǵĻͼðˡ֮£絹˵һ㣬ֻ׷ɱұѣ̸ϻдģս
أޱʡ
⵱ȻãҲװ쵽ҶһЦʱŬɡ
ڵǵģвʥİ֡ƶ˵죬ǼһﲻǺһ𣿶ҿǵ˼֡ĻͲˣ
ԴҪ֪ʥʡҶ˵±ֶѹסȣȻգôҪˣ˭֪᲻ӵʥȥҶȣ
ûûƼˣÿ֪ͨʲǣ
Ҷ̫̫ӽˣһȥ£ƶʱվ
²һʱҶһסһȥҲġһ˻Ƕȵʥ򸽽ȥǷɶ˻𡣡
ǡƶЩˡ
ģڡҶ΢΢һЦ
ǸҶ͸һ£ʱ̲ס˵һ䣬ûһһڻҲ
ҾǺ񲻺˼صͷ
ҶЦˣʻȣǽôܺ
뿪ĴˣѰҺʵĽ󣬿ɺ֣һȻǻԼȫٻ֮Ϊһµꡣ˵
ôİһ
ꣿģҶ˵ǻᴴһʱΪǿԽԼתƵϣһ⡰ꡱȴ֪Ͻעˡ
֮Ĵ衣ֻӦôһ䡣
ô˵ʬδҪ𣿡ƶæʡҶʱתһ顣
嶼ԼĹء˵ĹؾĹأȥ岢κ壬ǲûйʬһ˵ֻ֮Ǿǵ񡣡
Ϊʲôþ彨½أƶʡ
ҲͨɡҶһЦҲǾֻܻǾʬǷһ˭Ҳ÷
Ҳɡƶͷ漴Ҷ˵Ҷ̫ܵһˣǡ
û˵ȥ˶˼ˡ


682 ֮
ҶҡͷһЦ
Լ֪ôȥʲô취ڻñ˳֮ǰϣڡ
ñֻñѾɸߵĽԻ¯ȡ˳˴ʱȻһ£û˴ǰģŵҲǵâһ֮⡣
ϣӿŻñʥϢ
վƾ춯أһƺҲȲǲûɢκϢĻȡȾôվţ·ֻһε飬ûаϢȴһֲǵĸо·˭ʱͻᱻС
֮ǰжǿĿáҶ㽫پӰҲܾ֮֮ȫںϣ˿ֲѾȫһɱ¾Ļ˿ɵ
ñĽŻȣȻЦӯӯҶ㡣ż𶯴صĲ
ϲҶ磬ջôһʥñ룬Ҳ벻Ӧôƺȣ̽Ҷ˼
ǲ°ɡҶ
ԣǲ¡ñæͷ¿ɺðӵĹȥ䣬ܰŪһУãã
֮ǰһЩ⣬Ҳˣ֮ͰɡҶ˵ʲôҪģ
Ҷôˣ¾ͽɡñһЦ
Ҷһͷתȣٺ˵˵ʮɡ
ǡһͷҪ֮ʣؼȴǷƿձ䣬һ±ɫҲҵز˲Χ˶ʧֻʣҶñˡ
˲ȻæĹѰңȴﻹͬǵӰӣͬǣǸոõĻżҲʧ·һʼͲһ
ô£ñһ
ԣҶȴһüﲢʵ磬һɵĿռ䣬ҵˣ
ñ侲ϸӦʱͷʲôôҿڡҵһ𼸺˿ɵУǺ޲֮£һ¾ͽǵס˵ƺҲûķ
ôǿˡҶɫء
ʥߣ
ͻȻ䣬һȺըԸ߿𣬶˱վȣҪڵءҶһѷסñĿźâ߿գֻڸ߸ߵ֮УһŨưӿţγһ޴
һӨĹâ𣬷·һöʯڻգ⡣ɲǼ䣬Ǿâըѿһ޴Σȵ֮ϡ
޴ޱȣҶͻñľ룬ֳδСֻ¶˽µȣƺҲСһЩ
˵岢ûй̶״ֻǱΣϵر仯ţǿ׳һЩϸһЩα仯ɢǿϢҶñѹס޷룬Ҳ޷ۼ
ñɫЩףҶ㣺㡭𣿡
ܡҶҡͷԷ̫ǿˣǿ󵽲ĵز˵΢ĻԷһ磡
һһ΢ֲѾԽˡ֮ݵķΧ
һȫǶ֣
ô죿ʱ̣ñһ˿סҶ䡣
𼱡Ҷοһûһ־֣˵ɱǡ
ܴҲ޴˿Ҷ㣬ȻҶĵЦʥ߰ûʱɱǲɱǣǺòиһϷ̾ͽ
˭ҶĿʡ
ȤЦǽĺ֮һǵūȴ˭
ˣñһѵĳһ
ȶԷشҶҡҡͷǿǿѾĵزǾĳһǿߡ
˼ǣñˡ
Ȳ˵˹֮𣿡Ҷ˵֮ˡ
ʲôñһҶ˵ģѾġ
֮Ȼ۳һΣһ˵ǻ۵飿
ʲô֮
⣡
̫ˣεͷ΢ЦҶ㡣һʥеһʿ۷ǿ߰ɣ㲻ôǿҲôǿװ쵽Ҳװ쵽߶ߵ˱Ѱң˼߶ߣһһ֮еǿڸɱˣΪһͻʥγصĴ
ɱңҶЦˡôɡ
˵չ˫ۡ
Ҷ磡ñŵһס
¡Ҷ㵭һЦ˵ɱǾɱǣˣͲǡ֮֮ˣһвǽ֮һͶӰǵ˼άʽɵһĻþҸұ֤ѹ󣬻ᷢﾭһжֻһɲǶѡûɱǵһвΪŰˡ
Ǵ˰οҶ㣬ͷµһûң˼棬ֻΪЩµ齻ŻݻþûȷǸþǡ
Цţþõǻǻۡ꣬ҲǿŲûʵڵĶ˭˵ֻãˣҿԽǵԶþȥҲԽ˲þ֮У
Ϊβ𣿡ҶЦ
ֻװˡ˵ɱǣҲѾȲҵĺǣܺǵȴʣµĺǵõĺôѾ֪ˣȻԸ꣬ȴ޷ıǵ壬ǵõĿ֣Ϊֻ壬֮յ硣̬ĸı䣬ȴֻħ԰쵽ʥжһ޶ǿߣǴӦңҿԴӦǡҵĺǾūۺռǵ磬ǵС
ȴǺ°ñ̲ס˵
Ҷ㿴˿ñ
ҡñԥˡʵ˵Էһ飬пΪ˾޴ջѡһѣԷֻһƮġ֮һ˿ŵĿҲûˡ
֮ŵԣʲôöԷ
ϡƷ񡭡ȵһУǿ߲ʳԵֻǻ֮УΪֻǻŻὨ磬γᣬŻиȺ֮еʧ
ǰԵʲô
֮
ðɣһʽ֤ŵԲ䣿
ǻΥŵԣȻй塢֪һϵеĶɷʵԵ˺˺Ҳǡʵԡģǻ͸ı˳ΪСˣҲû취
һҲ㲻ϵġ֮أ
ˣСʥߣƺǶŭ֪ҵղǻģðɣұ֪֮Ĳж֪ұº͵Эֻ̣ƾѹƱɴﵽһĿģΪǵ޴Դڰɣ
ķŭʹ綼˷츲صı仯˽µһ˲ѣǿеһƬҲԶǳ˲ȫ飬ĩյľҶͻñ֮鲻Խ־֮ġ
ñȻˣסҶĸ첲ޣ
Ҷ㲢ûЦΪһҶҲоһǰδеĿ־塣·˲˸ոնµĺӣʲôǿ־ƷЩ֮ʧˣʣµֻһֶΣյıܿ־塣
ҲӣŻñһޡ
֮ͬУһܵ˾ŵĺӡ


683 
Ҷûֱıý֮Ц
һжҪ𣬷·յĩҲҪٵʱ̣ڻñҶĸ첲޵ͬһӤʱҶԼҲҪʱȴƴһ˿һ´ԭҰеĽˮأ
һʥħū޲ͬˮҶԭҰе壬ʱ䱻֮Уһе֮ﶼߣˮأȴһֱ
ҲԽ֮ԭ
ʱԥؽ򿪣ʱˮطһ֮䣬һǳ͵һ·צķ
һ
峤޷㣬޷һ֣ͬ⽫Ҫ֮УһµĺǣķҲѹһеĻ𶯵ƽǽ֮ɵΣһվ
ʲôȻ㵵ĺ
֮û뵽ɣҶеĿ־һɨգЦһֱ֮ҵ֮УΪƾǿѹңˣǰȻͬ΢һС֮ȴһĴڣͳһǿǱڴһ̰ɣ
Ҷ㣬ȴסǰΡȣμ޼˭Ҳռƣ˾֮ģ͵سһȥ
ʱһ𣬼ҵؽ翪ʼҶȴޱȣԽԼ첲Ļñ˵ûˡ
ñеĿ־ѾʧϵȴδɡЩεؿҶ㣬ɿĸ첲
û뵽㾹ȻôһСڲسһ
ҲûʮİաҶ˵һֱͷòʱҲŷû뵽Ŀ֮Կ
ԶһһüǼңƺ൱Լ֮䣬ȴռһ˿Ϸ磬ôõȥ˵֮ͻ˽֮
ˣôᷢʲô仯ҶЩ棬Щ
֮ʧô˻ٵܣһ飬ǾҪ
һڵ飬鲻Ҫ˵ֻһ룬Ҷ;ò
ڵûѡ
ʱȴע⵽Ҷ㡣ҶñҲûзֵһϢǿޱȵβ׽֧ڵȴҶ㣡
ΪҶڣſԴңԶȡǿϲԼ
һ⡣
һĲӿľ޴ͻȻ˱仯һҶѹ˹ȣҶͷ·һֻССϣ֮ԿֻۿԼѹס
ߵĻñȴһҲоֻǼҶ㾲վһȴΪǿǿĲˣԼҲգ۵عս
ҶһʱȻԼоڲԼ룬˾޴ǾԼ壬Լʻᱬ
壬ȴʵ壬֮֮ǱըԼȻڣȴһûʶĿտǣӶĴڽУʱǣ
ǰδеĴΣ
ҲʱһȴȻӿǽˮص˵֮ͻȻҲҶڷĴӡҶظӦȻҲҪ
˲䣬ͨһС
Ƕϲֻ΢ŻӦǿÿΪã˲ڽ˽ˮأ֮ӡ
ڣȻ֮ԿӲˡһʼһֻΪҶҪǿУڿģȻ󷽵Ҷ˲䲹ҶڷսбѺľ֮
û뵽ҪԸĵȴǿ󵽲˼飡ȻΪҶн飬ܴʥпսʤǿУҲǾ޴ģֻ֮ᱻȫգʱɾҪùˡ
鼱֮£һȻҪ뾡취ջȻ֮ǺöԸʲôǰ˵˵߾ߣ
ǾֻһַˡǾǻҶ㣬ˣҶнһ֮Ȼٱ鵽ʥ
Ȼʧ޴󣬵ٲ
һȴ뵽һȥľ棬ǿٴҶＤҳͻ
ִˡ
Ӧһսٳ˴֮ȴ֮ҲãһҲãˡ־棬û취ཻ˫ҲֻòϷӸǿҶ֮к֮⼤ҵزݡ
ñԲֱ񫣬ȴ֪ߵͬȴž޴ѹʱпһ
˴ȥȴˣ˫̲סøǿֻſѹסԷȻҶ㡣ڶΪҶһϻͬԸԼҲѻҶ㣬ж϶ԷԼϵ˵һλ
ǣ˫Խ룬ԽȶҶ֣ΪֻԼҶĵڣԷȴʹȫԼԼҶһͬ˫ȻӦ
Ҷ㷴ȫˡ
Ҳֻ˫ƾ֮ʡκһռƣһ˶ݵɲǣôһɲǣҶڡ
Ҷ֮УȻһϧԴ˺ް취ΪѾȫֻΪȡһ΢ƽ⣬ûл
ЦţΪΪһԼҲˡѾ˱ȻĽ֣ΪѾûκһУҲԸҶ㣬ҲûáΪͬʱѹƵסҶڰ˳
ҶУһ޼ƿʩ޷롣һβòϵǿǰǻ۲ֵһᡣ
ľ̲סһ˿΢ı仯
ǰĿֻ׷ǿ·ϵıؾ̣˵Ĳǽɷ˱ɳɳʥߡ׷ǲңǵĲ
ʱ˵ĿǲΪøҪֻΪҪ
ѹһе
ģľ仯ȴӰ쵽壬ɾĽ֮УȫȻر仯ԽԽԽԽ
ñʶ˲ͷˣ㵵Ҷ㣬ۿҶ㲻ϱһɡɡɡʮɣ
Ҷ𽥳ɳΪˣصľˡñòԶԶض㿪Էڲϱײɻ򼷱⡣
Ŀɾ㵱˾壬̲סţҶ磬ôˣ
ûлشΪҶѾ޷شӦԼڲ׳󣬴Ѿĳ̶ȡڣһ˼ĵز·˵еһž޴壬ȻҲȣȴκηⷢƵĺǣǿ
ڱúͽκһСˣȴڱ仯
ҲãҲãȵһʱֹͣ˲
һֹͣҶԼ̲סһ춯صĴ
ȫ𣡡


684 񸴻
һ˲䣬еһжһɻԵҶΪķɢһɲζһӨӲӵڿзңձǹɻ֮ȫɡ
ҶҵţҲںƬƬ֮УһҶñ۷һеسȥһ½Ҷס
Ƭ壬ˣЩ˺˲ʧЩ˺ƬƬ֮ȴһɹǿʹҲøΪǿ
֮УҶ㣬Ƭȴ֪Ӧö㣬Ӧӭͷϡ
һɲǣΧһжָñֻһգͷһҶѾӰһ̧ͷԼǿСС֮ϣ˶վԼߡ
Ҷ㣬֪ŵһǻû档
ҶҲɫе԰סޱע⵽Ҷı仯ʱʣ磬ôˣ
ûʲôҶ㳤һŻñǿһЦлл㡣
һУģ
ñĿ̲סֵػܣȻųһڹ
ǵġҶ˵ͷûиоʥֲ֮ͬϢ𣿡
ñ֮ϸоȴԼʥȻ˱仯ӵֽȻͬһԼܸӦ֮һȴĳǿ˵
Ǳǽ֮
Ȼˡ˵ͷ
һͷˮȫ֪ͻȻʲô裬˵˵ĺúõģôͻȻ˵˭ҲĻˣ
磬˵ʲôޱʡ
һƽ١ñµ˵Ҳ˽йذɡ
ȷе˵ӦǸ˻ȺͳйءҶ˵ȥĽ˱û꣬ŵĽˣȻ֮һġǽǵ֮Żᷢǲ
ڷţǵһͬһ硣ñ˽ţǽ֮ɵĺ¡
ȵȣе㲻⡭ƶ̲ס˵ղ˵֮ǽ֮磬ǿ˽ȥ
ʵ˵Ҳ⡣ñЦšҵһ֪ϻһ飬һּӦáƺ顣ʽȫͬǲ⡭
˵ɡҶ΢΢һЦŷһжԴ˵ˣһĿɿڴ˵
Ȼ¡ޱһк鲻Խؾ
ôڵǡһ̲סʡ
΢ʵҲ˵壬ܸоһ㡣Ҷ˵Ҹо֮֮Ȼûȫ𣬵ôһͣȴܵ˼ˡ¶ʱڶֻݷ޷˷ˡ
ʱ䡯ж̣ƶʡ
ҲǼ£ҲǼ꣬ҲǼǧꡣñӹ˻ͷ
˵ʦпƾһ֮ʹʥвȫ߽ˣų
ҲáҶҡҡͷ֮㱻𣬶Խ˵ӰҲֻ޷ٷһѡԿѰҿռ֮ţʥΪֻ֮𣬶Ӱһǳֻʱȴֱǹвˡ
ҲǸ湦̲סֺ֮ˣŻñһΣƺ֪Լ־ͬʱԼ硣
ȷʵˡñЦŵ˵ͷҶ磬ҽķˡ
ñҶ㣬ЦһЩӵ塣
Ҷ磬û°ɣʡ֮оʥ֮ӦûɲСӰǣ㡭
صġҶ˰ֻ֣Ƭ壬ΪĪĺô֮õĺô͸ˡ㿴
˵ţ̧شԼ硣ɲǼ䣬һӿ˳һϯķ֮ȴҶ۳һɫľˡ
Ǿ˸ߴɣһİ׼Ȼ䣬ȴǵɻƵĺʥʥ
ʱѾһŲ۳Σұ֮ǰݡʱһ˿âȻɢӨ֮⣬â
⡭˶һ
ĺʥһʥ񡣡Ҷ˵
֪ñæͷǿĺʥӵмߵλʥ˵ˣû뵽ˣ
ʵֻ̫ǿҵܲˣ˱㸳Ҷ˵
˴ĴмһΪ£ͬʱȴҶȥ˵
찡һ
ʥӵǿϡ棬ӵмߵǣǿǰδ֮¡
⡭ֱµһʥˡñ̲ס̾
˳ƺҲΪҶͷõĴȴǾˡҵĽˮѾȫ˻ֻٻһСָֻǰĳ̶ˡ
ҵǾã㻹ܱѾܲˡޱ˵˺Ȼûеߣ漣
Ӧǳ˰ɡñЦ˵һҶںһ𣬶ҶҲ֮ȻԱס
½õʥˣû󣬱ôƺ᲻˼ġޱЦŶԻñ˵ᣬҩζȴʮ㡣
Ҳô۵ġñЦ˵ֵֻܽһƺѣԼԶԷ𾴡ҶģԲԸô
űŤޱٴǿ
Ҷ硣ñҲûޱҶЦ˵õ֮һǿ󵽲˰ɣǿɡ
Ǹ漰صĻܣ͸¶ޱһһٵ˵
ҶأñҶ㣬ʥҲӦӰ죬仯˰ɣ
⵹ǡҶ㵭һЦҸоԼԽ˻֮ʱ»оԵơΪһֿԿ־ĸоȻʲôǾʲôĿƣһλ߶λߵӰ졣ӦҶҶ䡣
˼ˡñ˵ϾƳɵżԣ
ò˺ɣޱü
ޱҶסޱ֣˵֮У־ء
ҡޱɫһ졣ԭǲŮӣۼñҶеôȣȴԽ黳ȥҲ֪Լֵ̫֣΢΢ͷСЩ
ɡҶŻñͷʾ⡣
ãñ˼һ֮䣬żʱҶһüԶȭͷ׼Ҷ㡣
ñһ£żʱԾǰһҶȭ
Ҷһʥ͵һɢ˲γһżӦжʱóӴһʥ֮ʱżȻҶ㵥ϥأ
̫ˣ̲ס˷ܵش
Ҷ΢΢һЦЧͦԵġ
ɾʱһͻȻԽĿռ䣬Բ֪ңԶط䵽żϡʱżҵѵվ𣬷·ʲôһ㣬סز
ôˣñȻæָӣżȴٲ


685 ֮
żУٲܻñĿơ
ԳΪģżʱǵֽ飬𽥱仯һµľ޴塣
飬ûǱøӸߴ෴Ƿ·𲢲һ𣬶Ǳʲôںһһصķʽ±һȻɸߵ½ˡ
һ̲ûгñɣ԰̬ڴ֮ϣ̧ͷֱӣ˵ǰ
ķߴȴھֹͣ˶ɢΡ
˻̧֣þעԼơͻȻ䣬һӨ˳ϣţǹ⻯ϵĻţѸٵشȫֻ֣С
âеĻơǹл֮к֮׵֮з֮ˮ֮
˵ĳ˵Щâ֮УںϳһָӵġϱɫʵĹ⣬ȫ
ô£ޱӦǾϿֲ̲ססҶĸ첲
ñɫҲò԰ޱȣȫ䱸غţԼվһȻһ±ٴλԼʮżͿ
һʱǵзѣҲ˾ó˺ںն𵶡
ޱ״ʱʥɣƶҲȡķɻһԾԾԵӣȴѺƶŵòᣬʱԶԶ˳ȥͬʱҶͣҶ̫ҡ
̫ӺͶţҶ˵ţޱأʮֻħūһɵߣǰΧŶŵļ˪ֱ˺ƶտ
ͻһǰҶǰֱǸߴĽˡ
ΪƾЩͿʤ𣿡վֱ֮Ҷ㣬ϾȻ¶һ˿Цݡһ˿Ħ֮ͳҶļֻص˲֮ǰ
㣿Ҷ㾪㵵ʡ
ңһҪл㣡Ǿ֮شһ޷ôС֮ڣ˺ƬʥʥҶ㣬ˣ㻹лľ
漴ЦֻңȴҲ֮شҲѾ˰ɣ
ϵΣͲ͸²ˡҶ㵭ЦţȴޱųߣźƶͶơţжӶ죡̵ռŻǱȥٶ뿪
ϵ򶨣εĵľ֡
ϲ֮Ȼ̬ٵʥ磬ֱԼ
ǿǰԼûʤ㻹δ֪ǣֻ¾ֻ·һ
ͬʱñȴҲԼĲ´ԼȴҶһ޶Ҫǿߣ
˶ĬؿԼˣȻûзִͬʱɿȥ
ޱǻһԼΣԼΡ֪ս֮ϣԼ޷Ϊǿǵ׸ֻԼ뿪ǲŸҷһϣ
ޱȻģȴһҲûҶ㷢ΪԼʹҶġֻǺᣬвοԼԼ˵ӦҶȻƶͶƣǼԶȥ
˲ûߣĿֻסҶñɱ⡣
û˿ԥҶֱӽʥ񻯳׵ӳԼϣʱ˷츲صı仯ݵնһ׼׵ĻñעǸߴɵĵˣĿ䡣
Я֣ΪԿǿ߽еĵһϰɡҶ˵
ûֻǵһζѣһеڶΡΣñ˵š⻰ȴΪ˴˵־
ȴ˵ǰ֮жôǿǿñҶ㣬Ȼ֮ʣҲҪԼΪԼ
ڴſѪܵʬ塣˷Ц̧âеĻƺҪ۳ʲôµ
Ҷû֣Ѿȶһ־ʹץڣ׼˱һں˹ȥñҲ󣬼ͬʱץһźڣҲһں˹ȥ
һöĻȥⵯһ˽ˣڿ;Уǻţһĺ
ȴϢ
¶˲мı飬Ǿ޴β֣ڿпٵƶţöڵȻ˸գֱԶȥ
Ҷͻñ˼ͬʱһץ֮ϡʱöڵڿй˸䣬ٴŽȥ
С΢΢һЦּ䣬һɫâһųâһ˳ȥȻڿлһöⵯһöӭŶ˵ڵȥڿлײȻһƬ⺣
ĺӰڿţȴû˵һָͷ
Ҷһʮֻħūʱ˹Ⱥȴվڵһ·ûиӦٻһ㡣Ҷ΢΢üٴͼǿߣȴֻȺ綤˵һ㣬ͲԼĿơ
ûõģ˵ЦţһҵĺӣѾʧңҲҳ֣һ޴ؽڵʥҿŹѾˣ㻹ָܰ𣿡
£ħū޺ҵżһҲܻñһ䣬ʮż
ȥЦһһָʮżȻٵص˵棬һ޶
ô£ñˡ
޴ʥߣɡʵ֮еԭͣȫ֮ǰ绥֮ͨʱҽĺӣ˵Һӵ֮ƳɵߣȻҲܷȡĴߣ
ҶñһʱȻ
Ȼ
Ҷ̲סͷ˿Լһ׹⣬ȴ뵽һЩʲô
ѹʥʹ÷Զʱ֪ܣΪ˷ֹԼʥһ챻ƣԲƳʥ仯֮
ҲˣҶӵһս֮
̧֮䣬֮ȻֱŽ˺˹ȥ
ұ֮𣿡Цã֪ʲô
˵ţſǰһƣһ˳ϵĻ˳ȥǴִҶųһ𻹴ֻͬһһݺݵس˹ȥʱҶȫ÷飡
Ҫ񣡡ñһ͵ػһ޴ޱȵıˮзֱŽնȥһն֮󣬻ñʱУٵصȫķһֱŽȥ
Ƿ֮У˪裬˪󣬽˲ʹһ޴ıˡ
СֶξͲҪó˶ˡ˷Цһһֱ۾Ͱ˱˪һ·һͬıˮУñһȫ͵طµĺϵĻԼı˪Ҳȫײɡ
̫ˣñüҶ˵һѧϵ
ѧᣬͻᣬԶǸᡯҶҧҧˣ֮һɵȫͨΪ֮ȣǲһߡ
㣬ˣЦţôԼ𣿡
˵һƻһֱҶ˹ȥҶ߶ʥȫֵǱһԶԶغ˳ȥ


686 ѩӰ
Ҷ磡ñһ漴͸ŭ֮ɫҧ͵ؽһӣһʱɢھҵУзһű͵һ±ը·һǻһرֱӺһ޴ĿӶ
ñûгûһ·ӳȥսҶӱס
ҶһŻñԼĳƣһڿסӡ
û°ɣñеʡ
û¡Ҷһͷ׹ҫ
ûõģʲôûõġһűը֮УɸߵĽ˻Цҡͷһ֮ڿɵҶУʲôңǱشҪĴۣ
оӨĹ⣬˿ȫ˳ɫ·Ǽᶨޱȵɱġ
Ҷһʮֻħūʱʮ˽ˣֻһЦ˲ģ³һģһʮ˹ȥħū޵ķƻħūǻ˳Զ
һ̵̧֣ˮбԽзֱŶնȴñųˮзһ޶
ñһҧӵӭȥԷϵʥ֮ȴ˽ӲսҶҲò뺷ǿúܡ
ǰּһħٴʱˮȫɢ˲ͬĲ֮Уˣ˶Ըɵö࣬Ƭ̼㽫ˮȫơ
漴Ҷһ֣һħٴʱŽ˷ȥһ½С΢΢üһŭ𣬻ֱ㽫סԼ˺˿صһ˺һȴһ㣬һʱȴ޷ѳ
ñһѩݺ
һ˲䣬ѩһ׵Ĺâñķһ壬۳һֻ޴ѩݺշתһŽȥ
һѩţ縲ǳһƬɫ·Ǻѩ١
ʱҶͻȻһ⣬ƴȫ֮ٶȵʱѾС˵ĽˮַһʮɽС֮һŽֱ˹ȥ
֣˵Ŀűٷų˪֮ԿñġѩݺʱȴûǸ˼ٶŪˡ
һе֮ȴȫû취ơǿһ¾ͻ˷ʹྭ
ǰչֳǿޱȵһ޵еģʵȣȴֱө֮£һףǧڽߣǱΪΰĴڣ
ڵʲô
˵֮ǰһֻǿĶʥޣôڵֻһֻǿ׳ϡе֮Уǿһֻκǰûз֮˶
ֻǺޣ
һŭ֮УǿݻһɷָӵĹ⡣ǹϢ̺Ż͵һ»Ⱥȥ
ʱһӰȴͻȻһӹ
ȴѩӰ
֮ǰѩӰֻԶԶһվţһϢȴüսеĴڡʱȴͻȻ֣һֱ䣬ܡһ֮ʣȴѾһҧ˽˵ļͷһżӡҲ˶Էļϣ
һȥغͷһХЩʱԾǿ֮˺վȣеһʱʧ׼ͷûܳʮɽȴֻǻ˶ʮС
ûᣡҶĿһȫ׹͵ǰȥñҲûдûᣬԿǰת㻯һ޴ףȫ
ף
ʱѩݺѾһͬײ˽ϣһʱ䣬ը𣬽˱ľ޴ýŲġԿƶӿѩݺײϺʱһֱӹ̶ԭء
¿ɺãȫһ̶İӣһرײһʱ
ˣŭĺһУҶñѾͬʱɱ
һ֮һɫתУͬʱϣǼʵޱȵʱݻ٣
ӱˤڵϣǿţſԿеҶ㷢ͬھһʱѩӰٴηһ˹ֱײǰӵϡ
ѩӰһײ֮󷽵εȴǰȥȫǰ֮ϡ֮УԼ֮ǰں֮з飬ȫջ
ǿĽ֮ȴûһ仰ʧ١
ڵϣسһȻ˴˶ӣ΢΢һЦ
ղǺաҶ˵
ѩӰñѩӰ˵ղű̫ǿˣֱٵĴ
Ҳǿ֮ģѾһںϣʹӵ˾ɡҶ˵δ䣬ѩӰԽԽСվȣ㼲ǰæб
ôˣñæܹеʡ
û¡ҶЦˡСһۻˣ֧˯ˡ
ҲðñҲЦˣ̲סȥѩӰԽԽ񫣬ȴ᲻ðջˡ
Ҷһ׹Сһ죬ջ֡
Ҷ磬˵֮ǲǡǲǱǸɵˣñʡ
ܰɡҶ˵ϼǿ϶ˡ
ǲİñǽսȴһš˼æ˰죬ò׵żɺãȴһѷѹǻôûأΪʲô֮ѡԼ壿ôǿ壬ʤء
˼ʧܣҶһЦ
Ǹ˼ñٺٵЦš
룬ֻ֮ܽܽԼӡҲǽ˵ʵ硣Ҷ˵ڱʱѾ˴ܣġѪͳѾ֮ȴ޷ռΪ񡣡
֪ڸղӳʱżˡñſǻ˵Ҳһ˿ֻ֮½֮Ҳ޷ռǵءڿɺá
ЩɡҶ˰Ҳûİο֮ԣֻ̾Ϣһ
˼ҲñҶһֻ첲ҡȥҶջ˽򶥼ǿ֮һĻȣ޸񻹽֮ǻ۵飬ôջ˼ȴʲôҲûţҪѡһ͸˼Һòã
áҶһЦȻñʹֶΣһִ磬Ⱥʱ֮ڡ
ȺȻѾǡ顱Ͼǽǣʵ˵ҲҶ㣬ȴҲʥԵװ֮С
治ñüͷ塣
ҪҪҶһָǰ߽ӡҿƵ÷һƳµżҹƱ֮ǰĻҪ󡪡Ͼװع֮ҪҪҾˡ
ŲСñһ˸ʱǰս硣
߰ɡҶ˵Ȼ˶Ҫˡ
ȻȻ˻ñ֣֮ǰҪޱÿռŵǴɽȥñһɣԼҶһֻ֣Сȴ΢΢˺쳱


687 Ϯ
ͨռţһ˺ܿصأ֮ǰ˶һֽٺĸо
οǶ硣ޱ˵ȻҶˡ˵ǲѽý
ûءñŵͷҶȻǰ˻ʥһ֣簡
ñۣҶҾһ˶鲻ԽͦͦһԺȻ
ȴҪ鷳㡣ҶһָѾڵϵǼķǱ˪ϵӦú׾ͿԻȳ˰ɣ
ַ˼Һ˽ģҶİɡñһͷ֮һ˪ǰ裬ǼûöãǼһܻ¶ŵһŮ
Ůòв֮ȴƺֻʮ߰꣬Ϊ̫õԵʣɫ԰׵úܡ
ӡʵһ㣬ûպĴ㡣ñ˵ֻҪٹһӲתҸʥ֮ȽǿĵطϢɼ˺úõңӦþͿûˡ
лҶ˵ͷ
֮ʲôñһЦ
ӦġޱЦصϾýǻüҵļؿɲʧñЦ˵ǲǣ
ñֻǳһЦȻתҶ㣺Ҷ磬˵¾һˣʲô֣ɾͨǰ
ȻҶͷҲܾʹΪвѾӦøӾǡ㣬ڴϢһ󣬵ķָһ𵽻ƽһˣһ΢Żӡ˰ɡ
ȴ£ñͷ²˳٣˼ұһȥҶҪЩȥӴ
һҶһͷ
ñߺޱ̲סһҶ㣺磬Ǽһ浥ɳǸԨҪֵСġ
ףסҶ΢Цͷǡ
һϢָ֮Ҷûȵڶ죬ֱ˻ƽ֮ϡñһֱڵһ˵ֱͨĵҪأͬʱһʥĴ뵽˴֮£ӽĵĵش
ܿ죬Ҷҵһ΢ŻЭ˲ʥǽ΢Żٴʥӡһȫ֮ĵشƵ˵ϡ
һϣ΢Ż㷢޴ı仯һ»˸ߴʮɵһȻƽţϿĸ񣬿ȥ¶ֺΰϢ
Ѿһʥʥ֮ӡͬЭʹý֮ټһӡҶΪ˸ӱգ˼ʮܾʯܽŻַӡһ飬˿˵һʧǱŻʥѾ޿ܣʥĽ磬ֻҪҶñٺŻ򿪣Ϳ롣
Ҹоǵķչءñƣڵϣ΢Ц˵
ҪäĿֹۡҶ˵ʥ羹Ȼ֮ͨأһԶڱǿĴ֮СĴ֮£ȴԶܷɾ衣
ˣñ̾˿Ϊô˵£ųءֻÿţҲĵҪء
Ҷ˵ﲢоԵĶԴҲлһ棬Ҳкõһ棬ҪħƽܰȴʹľͿ̿ȴʹ˽±ˡ
˵Ļ˾ءñЦ˵һֱҶ㣬ĿһĶڣҶе㲻˼ƺӦȥ
Ҹ뿪ʱԼˡĪֱܵӴ˹ȡϵŵ˵ɣˣ
ôˣҶüͷһ塣
ʱñɫҲһ䣬ʱվҶ˵һұ棬˵мǿĴҵأ˿ǣ
ĪҲն˵Ǳ߳˴£ҶһüѲҲ£
ͷжɣñɫء
Ҷʱ˻ƽǣֱӻصǰ߰ޱϡޱĪӭ˹ޱ˵磬Ǳ˰׻ǣ׻һ巢֣ѾЩһ̫ˣ׻һ徹Ȼвǣۿ׻ǾҪʧˣ
׻ʥȻҲвǣҶĿһأ
ǰ׻ǣЫǺһЩҲܵ˹»ǿгأԽҶɿסءĪ˵ʣµľ͵ˡ
úáҶһͷ㵽׻һˣ
Һ㡭ޱһڣҶѾһ֣ޱҵ㹻һʮټϰ׻һͳЫһ壬ԷǧҲܶԸ򲢲ʧ
ˡޱͷȥɣһغأ
ǱáҶһͷʱ˰ޱϵĿռţһ½У˰׻֮ϡ
һ֣ʱһ˹µɱз·Ե֣֮Ż֮⣬ҪһԨ
ô󵨣ҶĿһ͵شһ磬׹ʱӳϡ
ͬʱһɫӰһ·ſֱӻ޶ܣȴһ½Ҷǰλɱײھ޶֮ϣһĹ𻨣޶𶯲ֹ˺۱鲼ȴû֮ܽͻƶ˵Ҷ㡣
ǰɫӰȻһ֣б⣬˵ߣɱ⣡
һѾһ˷˹ȥһû뵽Լλͬһ͵ϮȻɱҶ㣬ҶȴͻȻֳôһֵͬʥһǿߣɾ֡
Ҳһλ֣֮ȴʱһӶʥǹֱ˹ȥ
Ŀ䣬ͻȻһ֮仯һ޴Բʱͽʥ˴ǹһСȴǵɱһУǿޱȣ޷ơʥԲ֮Уˮɱֿ˼±㱻ɱֻһҽУ㻯ΪѪп顣
һָֻԭİ׼׾ģ
ͬʱҶѾȭ׹⣬ֱӴѪ˳ȥҲ˵ãһ׹֮ȻɼҲǼΪǿǿߣѵõĸ֡
Ҫˣ
һλʥߴʱһϵϢʱ˱仯ʥһ±һֹҶӦĿʱһ

һﾹȻ壡
һ˵ҲЩ΢ı仯ò볣Ȼȫ֮ͬ⣬Ƥɫȴһһɫ۾Ĺâ״ҲһЩ仯һ⣬󻹳һβȥе꣬һ˫ǣӦţ
徹Ȼʥˣʲôʱ£
Ҷһ𾪣ȴȷŸ죬һ˲ʹһħٴ󣬽ţУִ̧һ󣬽ǺڡȻУ밵ķײըǺֱըĩҶһͽħٴ֮Уţǰ
ôģ˶ˣҶʡʵһ
˵󻰣ţһŭо޸ʥҶ㵱ͷһһâ˺סһص磬ͬʱҲҶն
Ҷʥȴɢ֮ϣʱ׻һסʮʵǿʥߣ߿ٶ
ЩʥϣҲӦһ˿ϢȴӦ
Ȼô嵽ˣҲר̽ѰһˡҶֱӳ˹ȥȭţ֮ϣϰ÷ɢ졣


688 ֮ǿ
ԳȺ壬Ҷﺮȴûȡħٻħūޡ֮䣬ٴδ򿪣ȴз˳
ʵǿԼƹ֮ӦٶǿôжǿսȴʱҶֱ´˹ȴͬʱ񰴱ֻα֡
ޱĻǰȥֱӭʮ塣۾˲һâȫеĵâԾָһ㣬㻯ʮâЩȥ
һɲǼ䣬ҶԼоԼʥʹԼ̲סʥ֮һֽ֮Ҳһ˲еĹâøΪǿʢٴ̧ʮâ
֮ǰĵâͬЩâȲ⣬Ҳûɢеĵ绡Ƿ·ֻһ˸ʵ֮ƿնϢˡ
ǰһâո˽ǰһâѾʮֻüӸǿ˵һâʱڶâֱС
ʮͬʱЩǿҽжûܷһ汻÷飡ٲһ˿Ĳк
ǿ
Ҷ㲻ϲͷֻȵٶһͨԼʥͨ磬ֱӵ
ΪԼʥ֮еǽ֮֮ȫԿе֮ΪѾشûֹ޼ɵص֮ԻȴڿԽ統Լķֿ⣬ʹã
̫ǿˣ
ҳɱҶһǰȥһֱѩӰƺѣҲ˾һ·Ծ˾޴ǣХһҶǰ
һһһҶԣһظǰȥת۾Ǽսеսǰ
һҶɣʱϰͻȻս֮г˳λؼףֳʥɢƵȺлɳһΪߴĶҶ㣬ʵ
û뵽ҵͷѾ֮ˣҶһЦ
ҪӹߡһЦָָ·ֻͬࡢѿֶѡ
ǵѣҶĿһ·
ЩսʿңһǿޱȣȻȫʥףֳʥǵʥҲˣˣǲȫʥİ׻൱ٶİ֮£ռϷ硣
Ҷ㼰ʱϵ׻廹Σˡ
ʽϣҶȴǵݡϾʥ̫ˣҶ˵ʱ̫ˡڰ˻ʥ֮ĸʥ˽⻹̫١
΢΢ͷ㱾ҲӦǵѣȴǵĵˣǿϧҶ㣬˵һ˲õһȻҲˡΪо̫ϧˣձ˧һᣬ»صӦȥĵطǽΪѰɣƽʥ磬Ϊʥĺʥʵλ൱ߡ
ĺʥ
Ҷһâ
Ȼĺʥ
ԭΪڻûͨʥ˷ˣû뵽ǾȻѾɹˣ֮Գɹڿĺʥһ֮ڰǵæ
ѵʥɳӭԼڣȴһ㶯ҲûУѰԭȴһ£

ҶЦһа룺֮ͨ²˼򵥣㳲ʥˡͨӦֻǴһ㣬һ룬ǿĴڣȴ޷ʥ磬ĻǾлᣡ
һֱҶ㣬ЦһüǿҶ㲻ЭҡҡͷҪԣ
ûҶͷһЦ
Ƕǿ󡣡ָָ񣬡ҪƾͺɨǰΡ
ѩӰԷҲûԼһۣﲻ¶˲֮ɫʤ֮£͵طһХһɢ˹
ʲôһӦѩӰɴʧɫΪ߸ǸߺܣǴԶ֮һֻʥʥôӵ
ãԶ֮ģһ쾪
ǲ͸֮ѵѾˣһš
ҲʱҶһĸоѩӰҲԼʥһ壬Լʥ֮е֮ѩӰ֮ʱһѩӰںΪһơ
ٷſʥе֮ѩӰһ塣
ɲ֮䣬ֲľˡѩӰͻȻӿһɫĹâţǹâɢѩӰΪף컯һʮɳǾ޴Ӱһ֣ӿݵǿܲƣһ棬ΧĿյ÷
˲ҶоԼʥüΪȻһʥڣԼȴƣü޷վֱѩӰıϡ
ףΪѩӰ̫֮ǿˣԼʥѾܲסǿһ±˸ɾ
ɿЦһԼѩӰͨһٶȡһ֮ĻԼ¾ͻʥľˡ
ֱ̫ΣˣԵ˶ԣԼҲһ֮١ֻҶûϵѩӰȻͣ
ҲֻԽеһСѣѩӰһȻһӱȡôֱҪ֮һԳһ㡣
һֲֻȫɵˡӣҲսֻǵɴ۾ѩӰΪ׵ľһĿͣ˼·ҲѾͣ١
ѩӰؿһ壬̲סһĳХХתȴһ춯ص֮У׻еһʱֹͣж¶͵ı顣
ֱͨʧȥж̱ӵг֮飬֮ľսȻжη֮ȴ޷жֻԭطʥǿߣҲһļ·ľӰ졣
ڿзšţһһΧɢѩӰ֮£ɴɢһʱȫҫԼ
λ죬ʱȫ亹һ罫Ҫĸо
һһʱɢ˵ʥ˵ļµϢô˵ԵֿϢˡΪ峼µǣ鲻Խĵ˲ɵֿĿֲоһӲɥʧս⡣
ӦԷĵĿ־壬ѩӰһԽصٴηһ޺֮һǰ˹ȥ֮ڿϳһɫĹӰջһƬ磬֮УΩһףľ
һһ棬ֱŵϵӿȥ弴ȼϸʥ׻Ǳʲôһȫֱջ֮µֻ֮һ˲ͻᱻճʲôҲ¡
Ҷ̲סѩӰһƣǿɶϺõʥ׺ʥȥһ£˲õĺöСܼӡ
ѩӰƤĽʱ۳һ룬һˣ׵ͱͣڵȴȻӻĶˡֻҪһ壬˱ʱٵ
ϣ˲һؼȫס
ֲֿĹʽĽȫɵˡ
ʱѩӰȴǷˣſһ֮һִ֧棬ҡͷԶǿмǰҵƶǱɨߣ޲˲


689 ѩӰ
ٶ壬ȴȫֲѩӰһ֮Ǿɨ֮һƮɢ
Ϊ׵λǿȫ˵˵תӣܿùѩӰֻһ޴צ֮£һǿֱӱץ÷飡
Ҷ̾Ϣһʵ̫ƣˣƣѾֹѩӰĳ׼򷨡
ûһڣôأ
ҶҡͷѩӰϱ۾˯ˡ
֮һжѾƽ˾ѩӰǿ󵽿ֲػţһһվԣ׻һǿֻվԶҶ֣պΡ
ⶼѡҶָŰ׻˶ԻȺ˵󻤷˵ͷԶȥ
òʵǿ˰׻ХŻ۶Ǿη֮ɫ
ˣҶվ˯һ֮ˡֻʥģֻҪúʮ²ȫָ
ХںٺЦţָָѩӰѩӰǰһͺɨ˵˴ɱõ˶׶ӡ
ѩӰǰһɱ򡣡Աһ׻ǿ̲ס˵ȫ˵
ҶѩӰֻһһĵ֮ɫЦҡͷԴѽ´οɱôһеسȡˣһ㱻
ѩӰʱͷȥίؿҶ㣬ҶҲֻҡͷЦˣɡ
ХڵȴһΪҶ⻰˼ѩӰȴƺҶϳȡģԲźҶ˯ѡôһ룬ǸҶǿѾԶԶǵеľηȴɺХһؿǡ
û׷Ҷʡ
ûСХҡͷЫǱߴϢǱҲвľǽսһڳȥ֧Ԯˡ
ҲȥҶһͷվѩӰæӣԼϡ
ǲȥˡҶХ˵о䱻ˣҲɴ⣬غð׻Ǳá
ǣХڹʩĿҶԶȥ
ظϵ˳ЫϣȴЫҲѾòɿЫһˣеʥ߸Ǵﵽǧ֮࣬ľӣȴҲʮ֮ڡҶеȵǣʮ˾ȻҲǴһɫʥףʥ
ĺʥʵȻôǿͨսʿȻȫװʥ
Ҷǲĺʥʵˡ
²ǸпЩʱҶֱӳѩӰڻһһұ֮£ųЫǴܼɱȥ
Ҷ٣ЫЫʱ˷ܵ۸ߺҶˣֵǣ˵ĩѾˣȫɱУǵΪѵͬ죡
һʱ䣬Ыսʿһ۷սХ
ҶȴǧԶз˳һ֮ɫӭ˹ҶҲúǷϻһָһɱȥһּâһһƬˮһУǽɱǱˮ͸ȫڽ
ֻ󻤷ѾѩӰһһ͸ˡѩӰƺ֪ԼӦʹֻгȡ㹻Լʮɳľѣȴûж֮
ʮɳľ֮ȴɨǧ壡
Ҷʥƣʥ㣬ϼӳʥּºɣҲùǺٷųʮֻǿħūޣⳡս͸ûһߵŰɱսʿǻչʾǵǿͱһȫѹɷۡ
һսûг̫á
弸ȫ֮ĺʥľҲʧȥսģڽָ֮£ɵ֮⳷룬һ԰ȫ֮ʱʥ磬Ȼʥ߽ҲٵʧӰ١
ҶеޱȾȣΪӦ˿ռ֮ת֮ʱɢϢȴûпκһλǺ֮չռš
ѵѾ˿ЯֱʹõĿռţ
Ҷһ뵽⣬ɴ˸ս
Ļôĺʥеʥ߾Ͷսսʱߣûκסǣ
һȻη壬κһսΪˣƨ˱ˡ
ȻЩǿȴûֱ£ѩӰ֮ʱȴûκһַʽ
Ǹոս˻ˣͷ˳ЫϣԶԶؾҶִУҶ㣬û°ɣ
ȫܵ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǡҡͷľӹ˼Ҫ磬æԮȴƴսһӵӰ١˰죬ͻȻҪסҲ֧Ԯ㣬Բ߶ʮһ˶ʮսʿˡ
ȥЩоҶ˵ҵûˡڸоǿǳˡ
ԼСġҶһȥȺ⡣
ڻ˵оѩӰʱָԭģȴûȻĻֻԼԮҲڶࡣ
Ы˲Ҫ׷оֻػü԰ҶʱصءһҲ֣ʮصֱΧǧʥߵĴ֮£Ҫȫ
ϧǣĵ͹صʵ
ȻҶ㲻ڹУҶҾһ䶼أȻʮҶҾȴҲжʮˡ
ǶʮˣǿҶҾɲͨռ֮űޱʮսʿ
ʮ֮ڣʥ֧֮£ƥʮо
һڱһֻֻѻնȥŻ꣬꣬׸￪ˡ
ʮ챤ܣԹǿннɻ󣬱㱻ҶԸ죬ԴΪƳµ챤޶ܣʦŶӵŬ֮£ɹظƳһʱȴΪһʵıݣҶҾˣʹ˵Ĺ޷˵ǡ
ڵķƷ֮ǰֻһȴļֱصĴ󷲼֮УʱϿ𣬽˳Ⱥ䡣
һսҶҾսʿзӳ˾˵ɱִʥֿ֮ռѺ۵սҲ׵ؽ֮ʿĵһɱ
ɸߵ̬ʥ֮Ҷָ֮£ֽʥһƣʦŶӵİ֮£Ѿ齨һ֧ǧʥɵľӡ֧ɱˣʹ˷ʤҲĺӵجΡ
ҶعʱޱĪܵĸ֮£ɵָžսҶع飬һЦ
ô֣ôʱ֪ͨңҶʡ
ûġޱЦ˵ȻڣʵȴԶءȻսһֱڳǵķչҲͲĶˡǱߵѾˣ
ǰɡҶͷ
ôӦûоƵģޱеʡ𣿡
һҶЦѩӰѩӰʱ˼صͷ
ô£ޱһɻ
ʵжô֪ɡҶһѩӰѩӰʱ˾˲ն𣬽Ҷʥ֮ȡʮɳ
ҵ죡ҶҾ˿һĻ̲ס͸˵ˣѩӰնһ̣ԭȴսв˴ؿſУȴеڵ϶֪
ȫɱУҶһʮֻħūȡһɱ


690 ս֮
һսա
ڼҶ㴩ڼ󷲼磬ѴǿУ㵽ȥǺɨǿܵС
м˲֣ĺʥĸ֣һⶼ¡׽ģԽǸԽ׽Ҳֻȫ֡ȫֵĽȻǲ׿˵Ľֱֻһ¡
һĺʥĸ֣ȴҶ㺰Ļ
֪ˣʥȥӭӵǸʥߣΪʲôϼĺʥȴҪͶڰ˻ʥûСأǣǰ
ѩӰû˵ⷬǲǵۣһצӽץˣΪһ˵ⷬʱֵһûͣڽһʥ֮һ˵ķҶɲҴ⣬ѩӰӰ죬Ȼܶ˱ˡ
ⲻҶЩϧô˽֣ȴֻдϳ˵ʹĺʥ֮У֪ԼڵҲࡣ
ɱ˴ˣӱ˿ʳĺʥԼͼıּˡ
Ҳû취¡
֮սڽˣΪҶȻû͸¶սϢ˻ʥ֪͢ս£ɳʮ֧Ԯ˱Ѿ֪սֻ֮ȴһ;ʱ˻ʥϮˡ
ܵĹһգ֮˸ɸɾ޴׷١
ҶľȻһλ޹ְҶ㣬ȴæ첽ǰΪ񣬷·¼ϼ
л֧ԮҶһͷ鷳㵽ǱһˣзҪ֮УǿأܷŹκһ֮һɵ˻֮ڰÿռŻ
ǣǽһͷȥˡ֮ҶʱҶҾˣҲʼһϸӵҶ֪֮ͨҲǶ˵֯չ
ȴһٶռŻһȫǽռš
ҶñһЩŻȫݻ٣һȲΪ˱Ҷרñϸʥ͢ʥʡ
һʧˡһ棬ĳɳ˳ϴ
ˡñЦЦ˼ҸǱߣȻĻҶû˼Ǳߵļ򣬿¾ҪʧˣȻҲٶʧһǳǳء
˵Ϯĺʥ򣿡ĳɳüʡ
ǡҶͷڿĺʥѾȫ¶ʱھҪʥˡ
ʲôأĳɳʡ
ҲҪҵɡҶһЦȻκһ˶û˵ǹʹ֧ԮңֹʹȻɴй¾ءֻǵ͹صʵ
ȷʵʵˡĳɳҶ㣬ͷʵ˵ǰȻ֪ҶҾʵǿǿֵزȴ֪ܲǿڼƵʥˡ֮ǰҶʼҳͻ֮ʱŻִľ
ڸɳ֧Ԯ߱棬صǿȴԶԶΪڰ˻ʥ֮ѾûκһҶ㿹ˡʥ͢ҲС
ΪҶȣʥ͢ҲǾѡҶһȺǿߣһʥ˵ƻͲʲôơ
ʱĳɳҶЩ仯ˣǽƺ¼ŭλǿߣ췴ȨԼ»λ
£ˣ˳ʥҶ˵֪²ףֻĺʥͽطҲ˿ռŻ̫ˡĺʥ֮ƺԶԶκһǰǾռţǺʥʹõĿռŻҪʮλϵʥ̫ˡڣǸƺǷռţսսӾӣȴΪˡ
Щһĳɳ޺ҧİɣ޻˳µġĺʥʼǶ֣ҲӲ
¡Ҷ˻ĳɳĻʱǶ䣬ҲݾȶˡһĿģΪ塣
壿ĳɳ⡣
ġҶ㽫Լͻñ֮Ȼ֮Կʹ˫ܾ˵˵ˣĳɳȵؿҶ㣬ȫ˵һ仰
Ҷ˵һУѾԶԶ֪
£ġñɫءҲˣһ弱ɱҶжҶ֮ϵˣǾƣԷֶΪ̽ĺʥ֮ʥˡ
̼ɱأĳɳն˵
ǵءñҡͷ£ὫüҵǱЭҶġ
޾ͷĶˡĳɳҶûзԵ˼˵ͷ˵㣬ȻסʥɡʦûмӦҲˣסʥ֮аɡٹ£Ǳħʥ̶ͬħ֮գ󹦳ӦòμӲǡ
ˡҶҡҡͷȴһҪ죬ұ㲻ˡ
ʲô£ĳɳü
ҪĺʥһˡҶ˵
ʲôĳɳͻñһ
ĺʥ˭֪ΪҴڵĹϵĺʥ򱾾ǰʥսб֮һһһ֡Ҷ˵֪֪˰սǶĺʥȴһ֪̫Ҫĺʥ֮ȥ
ô죿ĳɳʡ
Σ°ñüȻһȥɡ
Ҷһ֣ҵİ취
ˣǱʥ־ءñЦˡҲҪСĲǡ
İɡҶͷ
ĳɳˣԼö˼Ĺϵƺе΢ЦЦЦ֮ȴȴԼֳһ˿
صҶñֿظءҶ㾶ֱصأҪĺʥһ֮ҶҾĸ߲˵֮󣬴ҼȾȷʵӦôһˣͬʱҲΪǡ
Ҳ֪ĺʥʵ񵽵ΣһҲǺõġĪ˵ǧǧҪСİ
Ҷתƶĵض֮ǰ֣ȴҪ±ùʥ֪ȡҪֶΣһﲻʹ˷ȨĻᣬпܻᱳʥ磡
ãԻȥһˣ±¡ƶһͷͲú˿ռţȥҲһ֮¡
ޱʹһ𿴺أһҶתޱ
İɡޱᶨص˵ͷ
㣬ʲôʱпգǵĻ°˰ɡҶ̲ͥס˵үҲòˣ˵űʲôء
˲ɶЦˡ
µȣʲôʱ˵ɣޱߺ˵
ޱģһ޵ġҶЦޱ֡ȴûʱˡѾ֣ͽҲǻֵ֮ʣŮ鳤֮Ҳֻȷһˡ
Ҷޱʶص˵ͷ
ٴʯҶŰٴʯһͷλʦŶӵųʱ˹
ʦҪһЩˡҶ˵ʥԺѾ˲ҲѾ͵ϧȴû̫ʱ̵ǣһоͶˡ
İɹٴʯһЦұ֤ڲĻϣٶ̳ʦѾķԸ磬Щߣ˶ã˻ʥԼʥʦͻһɳˡ
ҾͷˡҶ㵭һЦ


691 仯
һսУһжʮ߱²Щ˶ôʥļ̴Ҫʹ޴ӷӣѺ
ҶΣҶҾǷ׷ҶʩҶ˰ʾǲضԼһҶҾ߲㻺롣
ÿ嶼ѺһηڣסֽŰֱϡһ¶ݵ񣬷·һɾͻһ㣬Ҷ֮Уŵһ±˾壬һͷҶӡ
ⲢųҲΪܸҶҶ£ֻΪҶ֮Ͳ㷢ɢҲʱ޿̲ѹʹһԱĴ
ߵ³ҵġҶ㿴ǣ˵ΪѡԱ˼԰ͬʱҲΪԼѡ˵֮·ǱӦΪ˸ۣȴԸһᡪ˵˵ɣ˶ˣкμƻ
û˵ЩĹͷƺӲúܡ
Թˡӵ˵þ̷֮ûáһȷʵӲͷ
Ҳֻʹ໹ҶһЦһһλΪǿ׳壬ȴ׿Ǻࡣ
Ҷֻһ֣һɾ޴ʥ㽫Ǽһ˳ѹʥ̷׷׵䣬ʱָɡ
һĨ׹⣬ʱҪҶ֣ҶУųһʥֱӽסˤڵء
Ҷһ仰Ҳ˵ֻǷʥʱĲҽ֮ƱΣ˻֮֮޲ɫ
Ҷǲ˵Ҳһۣشҽȴֱ֮ٷҲ֮ʱֹͣʥ𶯡
ʱѾȫѪ·մӵѪ߳һ㡣
ԸŪҵʣҶͷʡ
ȴѾ˵Ҳûˣ촽סزţãʱʱطۡ
ôǿ׳ȴԭҲܲסʥ𶯡ҶһЦһʥʱᣬǰǼһһ¶η֮С
ʥպãȴٸӷӡˡԼ˵һ̫أԭҲѾûУҿҲ͵ˡֵ߲ÿóȥιЩ壬˵üֻޱʥء
ǣӦ
ߣ̲ס֮ǰȻܹӵ̣Ȼʥ֮ȴֻСһ
һ˭أҶĿ䣬ɨһ壬ͣһļһϣЦˡ
ɡһ֣һʥʱǼһηϵʥҲȫ䡣һû֮ǰǸǿʥһȴûҶ֣ŵõ˵ϡ
Ҷ㽫һʥϣûʥ𶯣ѾҶ㲻Цˣ£ʵɡ
ҡ廹ԥǶЦһҲˣҸ⡪͸һ˻ᣬ˭ȰҪ֪½˭ͿԻһʥŰɱȻóȥι塣
˵ʱһ˵ҶĴ𰸣βûͨսʿȫ彫죬һǧ󽫣ĺʥ԰˻ʥ򷢶ּڽǿʹлһټصɱȻ󡭡
Ȼ֮ͿԽˣҶЦ
ʲô֪ˣ˸¡
˵ʱԶһηеѾĺʥͬˣĺʥȫǴֻͨҪͨһǵĴͿԳֱɱʥ磬ߵҲʥ硣
ĺʥЩһֱйϸȴѧ˲ٶǿʥķšһǽ֮˴ʦڵʥ߼˶ʦˣǵľӲȫʥװ
磿ޱɳһĺʥȻ绹ϵ
ó𣿡˸
ǵġ˵ͷΪĻȫʽ˵Сһ׮ÿԭ˵ɣǿֱɽڲѡȡӽغ˵ʯһȴ˭ҲȲˡ֮УǸֱԭڲֱӹ۲еĽṹ仯ʱĽַȻĸ֣ƵʥҲ˵Ǽ𣿡
Сôûúñֱ֣Ʋˡ⿴ٴʯܹȴûļһ
ǲΪѾ⸱֮ȫں𣿡ε̾˿ȥַѾȫòˡ
ĺʥжˣҶüʡ
û˻شȻЩҲ֪ĺʥĵϸ
Ǳ뵽ǱһˡҶ΢΢ü
δӵǿ˭ʡ
Ǽӡˡһ弱æش𣬡ӥһ壬֮ʱ׼ųǿĻûȷ;ͱɱˡ
ҶԼǿ壬ͬʱҲһʣ֮һʹ׵֮ļһһȫǵ绡䣬ȴ˭
âˡһŻش𡣡ʵ뼲ӡ˲£ǵһ塣
ʵʵâ˸ʤһһ弱æ˵ְ£ҪӰ죬Լӡ˲֮ϡ
ȽϺ⡣Ҷ΢΢ͷֱȡ¯óһαװߣ¯֮ȡϣʱ㻯һϴ׵Ϣ塣
ǿǷҶʡ
ˣһ弱æƨ
񣡡һȴ֪ҶҪʲôҲ֪ҪʲôӦٵͳһЩʱһֱưֲŶԡ
áҶһͷ߶ؾ¯Ƭ̺ȡϣ˵ЩһŰҶæ˰֮Ҷ߳ɹرǡâˡ嶼˵ֲ
⼸壬Ȼܽ⿪ǵӡȴҪչˡҶָż˵ʲôҪǣӵ
ǣʱӦ
лҶǼҶ㻰Ȼкô㼱æлȴҲΪֺҶ㡣
ӲмغһۣΪǶӲͷĺӣû뵽ֻõ̻ޣ
Ǽٽϸ˵һ˵ҶǼηʡ
⼸˺ôȻ֪޲ԡʵ˵Ҳͷ֮ôҶǰʥ֮ȷʵǵ֮⣬ԭȴҶʥ֮ɢ
ǰֻвķݡ
ǿĺӣɱ飬ɻص︸һʱ͵ŵöŹڵϡô
ǿڳΪ񡱣ɼ֮еλ֮߾ֱʥڷеĵλһ㡣񡱵˵޿ɿܵӰԾ֮䣬Ǿͻһ㡣
ɱˣҲʹʥֻҲ׿ڵͷ
Ҷ㾲ţ˽ҲԽԽࡣ΢΢ͷжһĺʥ֮иаˡ
ܺáӦ֪һ֮˵ͷ˼λ弸䣬˽ǴϽ˲ǽ⿪ӡ֮⣬ټӱ
ҸطסþƺòдҶ˵ӣҪ⿪ӡֱӻɱ
ǣһӦ


692 ǿĺʥ
ʥеʥһҶ֮ǰ뷨
ûһڵĲͬʥвඥҲֻƶ࣬еĵط¥̨ͤһЩЩطһЩеĵطһЩеĵطһЩ˶ѡ
ĺʥ֮УŷԼ֮ǰǾ֮ܣʵ̫ûмʶˡ
ĺʥ֮ΣҶûȻ֪ʥ֮ĹǿУҶ㾪̾Ķڡһ޴ġͬССҪǺ֮Ʈš϶ʽ̬ͬ죬һߴޱȵӢ۵񣬸߾ųսɢһݺķʥ
ʥ֮£κѰһ·֪ؽĺʥ򣬶ǳ롣
ѵĺʥе򣬶ѾҪˣ
ҶЩƵš
ôĺʥʵҲ̫ǿˣǿûˡ򶼼ĴֱʣҶ֪ûĸʥܰ쵽
û취ӲͷƤҲˣܲΧĺʥʲôҲɹȦӣȻȥƵѰʥ©ɣ
Ҷôֱӷ˹ȥӭһҪɢʥʱʥ˾棺ĺʥأδڣһɻɱȥ
ʥʵĹҶһǿâ
âˣȻ֮£ĺʥо˽֪ĹΪƫԶҪؾȴҲ֪â֮ϸ۲֮ʱؽҶҪ֮С
Ҫ޴ޱȣֱһС͵磬Ҷע⵽Ҫо޴ʥ·һʥһ㡣еΪȣΪţҲû취Ƴô޴ʥ
Ҫ֮ʱҶȴӦҪʥֻҪǰŵĸߴɵӢ۵ʥݺķķǿʥΪɢȥһƬġ
Ŵ򿪣һӭ˳ΪһʥףòôֵӢҲκŮĴ󶯡
ҪؽͯڡǰҶ㹰ʩ񡣡âˣֻһ˻𣿡
ǵЩˡȻɣҶ㷴ʡ
áͯڳ̾һʵû뵽һССİ˻ʥеҪȻôǿʵҿ˻ʥ͢ȿҲˣʤڱĶϰɡһǵʧ̫ˡ
ֹǣҶװüá󽫼ȫԱ֮ǵССʧʲô
ǡǣͯڼæͷ漴¶𾪵ı飺âˣ˵˵λȫԱ
Ҫ˵ˣҶŭһķŭ
ǡǣͯһͷ̽ʣâûʲô󰭰ɣ
áҶһͷҵļԱƴȫӪȣҲѳֻϧߣǵĴ£һƴͬھ
ǲҪµĺáͯڼæ˵ʥһɽڣûաֻҪ˻ڣһжԴͷ
⻰ǲҶ˵ͷ
ˣսһƣúܣ»عʥɡͯڼæ˵
ãİɡҶӦһûȥ׼·˼෴ȴǴҪڶȥ
ǰĺʥռţ˿ЯĿռŻǿʥ򣬶ϲܻʲôսս֮ĶпռƶضѾҪа˿ռŻ
ҶȻ¶ˣҶߣͯûһ˿ɵظһ·Ҷ̸ЦţҶֻüͷǿӦװһʧܹ־ģͯҲϳ԰οֻ˵ʵλҲִ̫ţǳս֮ǰװţҲӲ
һȴˡҶһۣս֮ʱĺʥʥӵÿ죬һֻԼ˭ܹǣ
ǲԣǲԡͯڼæͷȴΪȻ룺ЩǶԼ̫ˡʵЩʥǵȣ
⻰Ȼǲ˵ڵġ
һ·ڣһ֮ǰ˴һ޴ĽɫŻŻռţϲ޽ҺͯǰȥҲضʥֻʥһŻԶ򿪣¶һƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ͯһ룬Ȼ󹧾ؽҶҲС
վڣ޵ĿռһһŻǰͯڽŴ򿪣һҶ֮
Ż֮⣬һûʣݻλżʥ˹ͯڼæǰʩʺãЩʥ߼Ҷ㣬һ֮ȴǰҶʺáΪһһ֣âˣֻһ˻𣿡
ܻѾ漣ҶһǵѾȻִʥ֮˰ɣ
ţȻͻˡΪ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ̬ȣȴûͯôɼʥ֮еĵλӦԶͯڵġ
ûˣͻȥɡͯһ֣ͯڿ˿Ҷ㣬ȴв֮ɫҶ֪ȻǲԼֻǱôһȴʧȥһʥʵĻᣬΪϧ
ͯڽӦйʥʱͣȴҪȥҶüΪʥ˵
ͯʱһϲɫû뵽Լ̵ôϲ⡣
⡭ʥһԥ˵ͷȻâô˵ˣôɡ˵ţԱ˵˵â˺ȥ¡
ǡӦһҶͯڳ˴
һҶʱһޱȵʥ硣ʥ֮Уеһ¥еĽ϶һֵľӨ֮⣬ʹЩȥ·ɵĹһ㡣ҶӦЩâĿⲻһ
ȴܣ
ĺʥȻʹ¥ֱǽܵͨשʯһԴˣ
Ҷ㲻а룺żǧϵĽӴ޷ô޴ܣҲܶʹ֮յôȻͨ¥ĺʥĹᣬǴʥս֮ǰͿʼ˰ɡ
ôռţӦҲ紫ڸ֮ǲˡ
롣·ʥָһһʥһӿʥһϣͻһɵΣӯظҶǰ
Ҷһʱûʲôģһ룬ʱ뵽ƶõĹߡǱϡ
ͯȴʥһ֮ɲǼ䣬һӿʱͬϵС沨һ㣬ٵƶΧʱһ䣬ת֮䣬ҶѾһ޴Ĺ֮ǰ
ǹ࣬һɸߵӢ۵ɢǿʥĳأޱȡ
ҶԼоҲãҪǰһҲãƺֻǼ򵥵ʥʥܾЩɱ˵Զ
ɸߵʥʲô
Ҷüͷøˡ
ĺʥǺǿʵ
ǰ·ʥʱǰȥ֮󣬹ڱ㴫׼·ʥŽҶн빬
ʱ䵽ϣΪһ塣
һ·ǰ֮󣬾һ㳡һĹǰҶ֪ǻĹȴֻǻʳǵ൱ڴһĽٴθ̾ĺʥǿ
һ֮ҶڽǾ޴󹬵֮Уڴڼĺʥʥʡ
â˰Ȼ˵ĺϢ
һҶ㣬λݵʥߣʱվ첽£ҶǰһĹػ֮ɫ


693 ĺı
֮ǰҶѾȫĺʥ֮䣬Щܲûй
ĺʥҪӭԼܣ㲻
üǲʹʣ£Ҷ㣬ǷʲôҪ˵ģ
ʵ˵ԴʥʥйĴԱ㲻ϾĺʥԽҹҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҷ㣬λ긻ǿʥоһ˵ʹɳʥȥӭҶ㣬ǸҶӣû뵽ȴ벻¶ˣҶûлҲһȥء
ʥйҶĴûжϹÿţԽҹʹ絶ʡ
Ϊһ뵽ǿʧۣ֮ͺ޵òСÿζĳλ󳼵ĻΪͻ˴£ֻɳʥȥӭҶ㣬ûɳӲ
ҲЩԡҶ㶢Խҹ۾ս֮ʱҶʥ壬˵ʲôҪӭĺʥô£
ƺһεĴս޹ذɡԽҹЦЦ
ô޹أҶߣµ񻹶ҶĴĻһδսȻûȫ֡һսʧأǧ֮ȴֻһ˻Żأ
â˰Խҹҡͷ̾ս֮ǰޱȰǣװϱţλȴǲҲûа취ܱ֮ܲʱҪλһѳսɣ
Ҷһٶ˵ʲô
û뵽ҶȻǿ󡣡Խҹü˵Ϊֹģľӣټϰ׵սҶһһһ벻Ҷ֮ʹѾﵽ¯ĵزȴҪǺأ
ԻҶ㳤̾һһûʲô˵顣Ҳ֪ô£Ҷһս֮ȴʧȥҲһ֮ճ̶ȣѾԶԶԤϰ
âҲҪ⡣Խҹ΢΢һЦѾǿߣƿͨҲֻǰ֮£Ͳüһʱɡͨ򿪣˽ʥ磬ҶҲֻܵˡ޷񣬵ġ
ҲֻˡҶͷȰɡ
â˷ģ޾õȴѰġԽҹЦ˵ѾʥĵشΪ˰סһӦ˶ѾźˣרŽ͢輧һȥ
輧ʲôľ˰ɡҶһȴ̲ס¶ڣҡͷ˵һսһʲô˼ɫһ֪ŭҿǳܲ𡣡
òܵˡԽҹһͷ
̫ˡҶ㼱æװһ
ʱҶȴظӦһĵڵۣĻϢ֣ȻĻ괩Խ֮ޣ֮СֻװʲôҲûӦ
ԽҹʱĿһ䣬һЦâһ·ȻȥúϢϢɡսʧ֮£㲻ҪˣҲԵġˣâ˻ظϢ
ǾͶлˡҶװмصͷŹ̹ȥ
ظӦеܱԽԽǿȴҶ۲죬ֻܿ첽ȥ
ŲʱԽҹıʱֹر˹ţʥ˵ڵһܣر
ֽ̬ȣΪ͡Ҹ˵һ̣ⲻ˾ȡǺֳ˵Ҳǹʲô˲õĵطôܣһɫĹâٵһӿΣȻֽʵһ
ȴĻꡣ
˵ͷۡԽҹҡͷ̾Ϣʥ֮гһҶʥߣųû꣬ܺ绽꣬ʥ֮ݺ޵СϱҪԸû뵽Ȼȴ۽
Ҷ㣡Ļһ
ôҲ֪֮ԽҹҲסˡ
ȴǸոյ֪Ļ껺ͷСӵʥ磬Ļһֱ׷ɱǰʱ䣬ɳ׷ɱߴϢǷСӵ٣һλеĽ󽫾ɱʥ硭
ʥ֮вǲܳ𣿡ԽҹȻʡ
ȻĻͷռ϶ֵģĻܵõػҲһսֻǡֻû뵽ǶԷǿޱȣȻȫû
Ѳɡ˾Ҷ㣿Խҹɴ۾
ǴˣĻͷһ֮Ļطȫֻǽһ˻鴫ĻʶУ𾪣
ôģԽҹȻǵĻطҼģǧĻ˰ɣȻ
ձƵʹͬھ֮ĻԽҹĻǽ󽫻˵ǵʱʹ˽طҲֻǻ˰սꡣ
ս꣡ԽҹȻսҲż̵˽⡣
㲻ǿЦɣ̲סʣս꣬Ҷһˡ
ʱʹõȴ֮ĻһǵĺһɿѰ
ҿԽ͡Խҹæ˵
ͰɡĻ껺˵ðˣΪľһͣ
ֹ˻ʥأΪľɱҶ㡣Խҹɫص˵ΪҶԿףСӲûܱȴǿʵ壬ʹŭԣҪɱҶ㣬ԿסʱԳȡ֮Σմ
Ҳ˵ҶһȷɵĺˣĻʡ
ȷʵˡԽҹ̾˿ɺϵĳɷ֣ҲԸҶҲϲ˰
г⣬ǵǿ֡Ļ˵
⻹˰ɡԽҹһЦϾ಻֮˫飬Խ֪ԽáȻһĻʶУ֪˽ʥͨȴֻ¡
޷Ļߡò˶ãĻλҲóˣȻ˵òңôҲ֮˻ˮˡǺΪ֮
İɡԽҹһЦֻҪһ㹻ܣǾܴ֮ţʱǿ޻ԴԴϵؽʥ֮УÿһֻҪĺʥ̲顣ʱҪõǿ壬Ϳжǿˣ
ÿЩ֡Ļ̰֮⣬˵ͷͻȻɢһеϢɢ
ߵõ죡Խҹһ˵ôǿʥ취ȴûиޣƻϺ꣡
߲֮ʱҶȴѾĺʥشһĴլ֮С
˵ǴլʵȴһСҲˣйǸƵ¥Сͽʲô޳䳡԰һӦȫǸСҲΪˡ
̹ҶУ۶ټ˹ȴǧ֮ࡣڹܼҵĴ£һҶʩҶȻϲҲװźõӡ
תһл⡣̹˵ĵ˵һ䣺ˣǵʲôţ´һɡһսʧܣȴҾǵʥȷʵʤǵһ
˷ġ̹һЦҲǶô˵ĶҪ͹һˡ
˵ţʩǡ
֮Ҷ⸮תһȦȴûй;ȴֵʥһʥһƽˮչӰڣʱǰûһʵݣػصʱһ㣻һưʥȴԽһСڵ仯ʢȴƮѩ̸꣬˵֮ʱյĺö
࣬һ㡣
ǶôǿôˣļֱһӣҪʲôҶ㲻и̾
̰Ĳ


694 
źܿͱ͵ˡ
˵ǡšʵСȴֻôһѣûƴģһ;ռͬһ
ռȣȴ˿ơռֻҪʹóܿȴʥ
ҶһССġšһ߰ʥ̽ڲṹһĺʥŵĽ죬ŵص㡣
֪ԭҲֻǽųɹƳʥ֮һˣûռһó
дߡǽ첻̫ǫ˵ǵҲ꣬ȫԳΪռһʥˡʱԽɵװŵս˱øǿ
ռأҶʡǰռžǿóʥˣʲô
ǽɫ΢΢죬˵Ѿһοʮϡһξһٸʥͬʱͨ
Լ˵⻰Ҳûʲô
һʱ⣬ֻǽռŵĳߣȴûбԵĸĽ
ԻҶһ㡪ĺʥеʥߣǾţȻǰʥսʱĻ깴ᣬõ˲ٺôһЩǿ֮ںΪԭжϵ֮һ֮㶼ͣͲǰˡ
ûĻֿ͸ԭʥڲ۲һ仯ĺʥеʦԼû취ٶЩͲǷʥ֮
Թһ꣬ȴҲֻǽռŵ˶ѡ
ʲôأͬʱʮռŲһܴﵽһһٸʥߵĿģ
ͲʲôĽֻС
ţȴȻĺʥٴ֮翪̸֮ĶΪ̫òʥϵĻҲ޷ȷʥ緲˵ԣʥȴһʱȫʺʥʹãֻʥʥ
ĻȻûļĺʥʥģʣµĹֻܿԼɡжϵһı֣Ҷýűɵװ룬ûпʵ֡
ĺʥĵȫʥȫ֮ţȻԼԼš
Ϊ˳˽ţĺʥװҶλһٷʳĵʦȫĺʥˣҶԼһȻֵô󷽡
ҲλܳҪ֪ʥҲҪλһâˡģԼ乲ʳȫԵһó˽
ϯ䣬Ҷ˽⵽˸Լ֪¡
ⶫ˵ʵһСĿռͨڡʥЯù̶úþͿʱʹãһʹãʱһڣʹʥ߿ĳõռŽͨӶתơ
Ҳ˵ֻСع顱Ĺܣعϱռšռţ֣ͨǸߴʮɵľͿռţ˲ܳڶͨͬʱԼʱľ޴ѹ
һҶͷˡµľžСռţ˽һĵطĲݴһӣһѰ졣ʱ˾ͿʱͨһţκʱٵشԽʤܿµġ
ʮɸߵľžͲͬˣڲ۵ĵط䱾ɢľ޴Ҳʹҹһҫۣؿɲס
λԽԽ˷ܣȴĺʥװĵϸһһ˵һ飬Ҷ㼫ȤţʾԼʱ䵹뵽ȥιһ¡
û⣡ظ˵ҺôҲһλâҪιۣұӪȥˣ
ǿɾ鷳ˡҶЦ˵
ô˵ɾͼˣһ⣬Ҷ븮ȥʱӪС
ҶӪ潫Уһ·ĽսʿȫʩʰⲢûҶеˣ෴ȴöġ壬ԴԼڵͬһŹɱӶᣬԴȴ㱰ϥʵЩ޳ܡ
ܿ죬ͼĺʥľб׼װ
ĺʥйϵ¶˵ʲô֮£ˣλҲҶ͸¶֮¡ԭĺʥǰʥս֮ǰѾᣬҲ統ʱĻʰ֮£ĺʥż뵱ʱǿİ˻ʥˣڹؼʱڱ˰˻ʥ򣬲ŵ°˻ʥĲҰܡ
ҲˣõĻĺʥſǿֻǵʱս֮ʱҲܵ𺦣ͨʧȥϵĺʥûʥڵһǿ
֮ĺʥƾ紫ڵʥ֮һֲܣŬڷչĳ̶ȡҶԹɫ˽⵽ʵʱǵսʥƷ࣬͵ʥв١
ҶɻˡĻûʲôϵܣΪʲôô͵ʥ
ϸһ룬ҲȻΪˣĻǲŶʥȤĺʥ֣ȻΪ˵õʥȥȨԱȻʵʩĹУ̲סδ㽣Щ
ǱȻҪɳһЩĻռʥߵ壬ʥгڶ䵱ԱЩĻʥڼ䣬ҲȻ̲סϷǸȤʥòӵ֮Լֵ
Ծĺʥܣʹʥ߼ȫԱʦЩʥҲֻ޿κΡȻ֪֮ΪЩʥȫĻĻ֮ƶûĻȻҲ޷Ļһ˽ǵ죬ȻֻռֻڡĽȴ޷ʡ䡣
һ䣬ĺʥŻһֱϢطչûʲôꡣ
ǰȴȡϵһλ￪ͨ˹ŴͨĺʥԽҹԼʱĺʥʥ¿ʼĻİ֮£ǿսʥ
Ϊʦ鲼ȫĹϵʥװӾͱһ¡ķչʥʥѾ˱׼䱸ĺʥ˾ȫԱʥװ׳֮ѾȻʥеһǿܼ
ԣǲſʼǰƶõļƻʼ硢ֹͬԸʥͬж
Ȼܰһ˵ô͸ЩȴҶͷԣڽ̸֮䲻͸ϸУһ³֤ʱѾȫ˽ĺʥͼıѾףĺʥҪĺ壬ʵϣȴĻĻһµļҲ֮ʹĻܽʥ硣
ȴһʥͬһȴҲ塣
̫޳ˡ
ֻ˵̫թˡ
Ҷ㵹ϲĶΪУΪȫ޹˼ɷʩΪԷթ޳ܣİõնɱûκ
ĺʥףҶҾװȫһϡЩĺȻʥսܼһװҶҾսʿ׽ĺսʿնɸӡ
ݹʥ磬ǰȴֹۣΪҶҾ⣬ûκһ֧ǿװʥľĺʥսʿǾһѡ
ҳͨĺʥսʥУµļһ
һǿɵоһηУ֮תи֮ո
ʥһɫʯɣܷ龧ʯڡ龧ʯȻʵûʲô䱬ը֮ɵȴֱӻ˵ÿռ䷨֮֮⣬޷֮
ɽɣߴɵһɲȵʥ𾧹ȫӵмǣսȻܷκηǿÿ£
⣬ĺʥʵ


695 ɱ
һʵҶľһѡ
˵ǿĺʥǰʥǸûʤġȻĺʥҲֻ·һź»Ƚѡ
˵ûпܡ
֮䲢෴ʥ˴֮以࿴˳ۣһս֮һͳ뷨ĺʥ򶮵ø֮ϵԼʼսôһͳʥҲ롣
ĺʥ䣬ֻͷչûͬʱħʼϵֻǲѣһ¾ˡ
һлü
ҶĿһЦ
ȴǽͷޡû뵽Ȼǿ˵ʥƺֵľʯɣ
⵹ǡλϲЦ˵־ʯޱȣҲǼϡ֮
˵˴ȴͻȻʶԼ˷ܹͷһЩ˵ĻҲ˵ˣɴҲι۵òˣâˣʥߣһ±Σ
ȴǼõġҶ㼱æͷװҲû֮ǰĻϵӡ
ʵϣȴЦ
ĺʥսʥ֮УҲֻΪ£ֱɱܻЩڣôĺʥʵҪۿۡ
ڲʵٵĺʥ龧ʯͲһ¡Ȼ磬ôҶ㵹ǿһڰŽУӶֿµľʯ
ʱԼƳһ־ʯĴ˭˿ɵ
ңǡ𾧡ҲҶ֮İԭϣһҲĲܵõҲҲԴֽ𾧹սʿǳսֿǿС
ҶʲôǽǳսҲ׷֮֮ʣҶִʳ鱨
£ҶûɱģλȾơ⽫ֻŵˣֻΪԼ˸֪ĵѣȴûþͱҶ׳һѻȫȻ֪
Ļ֮أ֮龧֮أҶȴȫ˸˾Ųʮ
ͬʱҶԼҲʥι֮۲ĺʥıʥ֣޴ʥѾһ˽⣬ȴҲ˶ֵʱ
ЩѾˣĺʥһа˴֣ΪǿǽĺλӦ䡢Խ˺١¶ʥ֮ڣˣķء
˵ĸۡҶ塣
һҹ֮ʱˡ
Ȼʥ֮в̫ȫҹΪʥǻǹҹ֮֡ˣǺڰž˴ŵҹһЩ֮£ҲʥеͨڵϢ
ҲҶ¡
ʥ֮ڣȴûݺύķʥʥ̫֮ȨЩȨ˭ʱԼĸۡԼһһʥ֮ڵķȴ࣬ȴ緲һ㣬Ѳߵȴʩ
Ҷҹɫһ·ƶܿٽڡȻûл븮ͣƾŶԸڽĹ۲죬ܿȷپס֮
ɱḶ́ûʲôֵһ֮ҹѾжȥʥףֵֻ٣ڼӳʥ֮ҶǰֵĻᶼûУ㱻ֱӻɱֵ˲УѾҶûȥ
ӦԽ˸ϣʼݣ˴ɱ
˽֮С
һ·Ǳн˽ڣСĵһ߸󣬹۲ܵĶȴԺ֮һڣƻͨиݡСĵǱйȥԶԶ۲죬͸ĵȥ
ȴ˵ƺ̣Ů֮⣬ۣһİϵϢǿȻӦǴ˵ص˽ĺһˣȻȴʶħʥĽ裡
ҶĿⲻɱ
ʵ˵˼һҲҶĶ֣ҶȡǵȴҲҪһսһԼƱر¶һдҲ޴չˡ
Ȼǵ龧˵
ҶСĵ뿪˽ʥԵһر֮ضȥνرءҲֻǶԱ˶ԣҶ˵ٶʿҲס֮Ϣһâһ·СĶУһӶѲʿӪĺĵش
һУһڣҲһܼܵоֻȴû𾧹
ʥһǣƽʱȻô򵥵سڿУѾ뵽֮УȻ޷
ʥҲֻ࣬ʮڣʮоҶֱԼ֮УŴڲȥ
ڲһ޴Ĳֿ⣬ضѷŵɫľʯЩʯȫĥԲ֮ΣȻڵ֮áҶ㶯ʥϸӦʱЩʯиӦ˿µһɹֱĻУʵǱš
ĳַʹ˲䱬ôɱѹŵѸɢ
Ҷ̲ס룬ЩսƷĺñ룬һööڵȥɱȴκƷɨսҪַˣ
Ҷ㲻òϣⶫȻ̫а񣬵ȷʵǺöֻЩơȻµΪʲôڹȴûʹã
ѵ̫͹صԲûöЩ
ܡҶ룬ӦûսмʶЩȫߣЩʥǰ֪𶯣Բûʹá
£ĺʥƾʥڲ򲢲Žᣬĺʥʵй¶˳ȥôȻΪǿУ֮ǰڰ˻ʥϵ£ͻĺʥˡ
Ҷ㲻ɳһ붼ú¡ĺʥʥ˼ûô꣬ǽЩʥսôؿѾ
ˡһСɽ龧ֱһ֣ȫװԼ֮С
ϸһ飬龧֮󣬲ĵ뿪
һĺʥڣȴڵãҲͳӵĶ䡪衣
ʥ֮УҲڵ֮ҶЩһֱûܵõκʱҲûʱһһҡ˵ʥ֮⣬Ҳв龧ɢ֣֮ҲҶ޷в
һѾܲˡ
ҶĵӪȴֻص˽֮СʱǴеľѾ£ŮҲѾӰֻдɨæµšҶСĵظһߣ˴һ½ס
ڣʵ
ֻǸܵʥѹȣ֮Уȴ˿ؽĺľӴҶ㡣Ҷ㽫ƫƧ֮ٵŽȥ
ոһ¥֮ϣԸߴ֮ʱһʥȴͻȻ˹
΢һüΪȴǸӦʥһʶ裡
λѣʱ䣬¾Ӵһģ֮ЩЩͬĻҲδ֪
Ҷ㽫Ӧһ飬ȴܸӦԼʥ
ʲôȻܲҵĴڣ
Ҷвһ棬ָԶһƬլԺȥúһȼŵƻĴǰ
Ǵ֮Ż򿪣΢Цǰһ񣺡λؾâ˰ɣ
ǺˣΪܸӦҵĴڣҶüʵ
һΣڡ
Ҷװԥһ£㻺˴֮ڣһųǰԶ


696 Ļ
ηҵģҶ㿪żɽʡ
Ҳû˼һʱ⴫ڸҸӦķҲǱˣѧûǲҲΪâ̫ǿԵʣֲɢȻӦȴҡ
һ˵һЦЦĺƣƺһѺõѡ
Ҷ㿴Ժпٵ˼
ѾʧȥһУֻǧಿ£Ѿ·ߡ
Ѿĺʥˣòȥôһǵĸ֡µȷʵˣôֻһֿܡϵ塣
ĺʥڣҴϱƼŮдţ˵ҪôǵõأҪôǵõԽҹء
ʥ磬ֻĺʥᣬҪҵټֻ¼ΪѣԼίξ͸ѡ
ˣӦͶĺʥ򣬶ĺʥİ֮£뾧һȥ£ȡ
ʧˣ֮ҲʧԼ֮֡
¶λѾʧȥȤԽҹܶλֻ֮ġ
ȴףĺʥʲԼԼԶֻһˡ
еҪһǿֿԼѣȻõѡҪԼĿеİ
ҪԼĹϵĺʥĹϵι̣ˣӵδǿ֮ռһϯ֮ء
ȻңʱΪβĺƣҶʡ
ΪҪƣЦˡ
֪˵ͼˡҶĿ˸
Ѿ˼˼֮ģͶߡĺʥ硢ԼĹϵҳһţǱá
δ´âɱĺİɣЦʡ
ʲôҶʡ
֮䲻öȦӣøȥһһ˵װһסΪ˶Ի֮ʱ˴ﶼġ
ֱ˵Ϊѣ
ôĳڣҶĿ˸
ҿ԰һɱĺͳ
㣿Ҷʡ
ΪѾ޿ǰ;ѾһƬãһ˿įĺʥңҲûиһְٰûһʵȨǾҲڽڣȫһ˵ݡâˣ𣿡
ֻ֮ǰ²Ҷ˵Ҳˣ֮ʧҲеĴ
˭ȥҶ㶼ֻֽ֡Ц˾һĮɺԳ̶ֶֻܿ顣עԸı֮¡
Ҷɱ⣿ҶԼЦһŵԳ֮⡣
纣Ԩɲ⡣ĿءâԸܹǿӦñҸɡ
Ҷ㲻⻰޷ӻ𡣸ſԼǿԼе֣裬ֲâݡвȴΪâˣ˵
κһʥ߶Щ¡˵οʥŲһꡣ
ƺΪڴ˴ɣҶʵ
â˵˼˵˴ǧǿĺʥͬж弸ĺʥȴֻ˼Ƥë˭᲻âѾ֪ĺʥĹϵֻâ˶֮ϵܵĳ̶ȣȴȱ˽⡣
˼֮ĹϵʤǣҶɫһ
ĺʥȫ硣˵ĺʥĺжãָʲôô
ƺ˽⵽ЩʲôҶ㿴
ĻҪʥ磬Ҫȡһʵ֮˵ǿȴܾ֮Ļǿ񡣻âĻ꣬ѡʲô壿
˼ǡҶװȣĺʥ֣ǿƭʥ֮ȡΪĻã
Ȼֻǲ²⣬˾Ųʮ˵
ӣҶŭһȴģûаϷĳɷ֡
ȴѡѡ˵Ȼĺʥ㹻ǿ󣬵Խǿ߾ԽѱǵûΪǸǵõ޴ô£ȫǲˡ
˼˵ҪѣҶʡ
ǣȴʱ¶һ˿֮ɫҲ֪ԭҲħӣκʥʵʸ֧ضλұι̵ѣʱؾһ֮Ǵֱͨͨӽʥ磬ȴĺʥӦ֮٣
𣿡Ҷʡ
ǻġЦˡâȥҪҲĺһĻᡣ˵Ҳ֪ҵǿǶ֣ĺضڽҹ
кκôҶʡ
ĺʥ˴֣ʥ֮Уʥ֮⡣˵˽ĺʥʵһ롣ʱĺʥʱ㲻òѡ˲ţʱұгͷĻᣡӦϣԶϤĺʥһıͬʱֿɲ׳Լ߿ȺСˣԼɴҵ
˭㣬ҪɱĺˣҶͻȻЦˣһ¶ɭı飺ȴĺʥʣǷҳϣ
ЦˣҶ㲻ϵҡͷ
㲻ţҶʡ
ͬ۾ûȴƺˣԴҲûκαʾ£ΪѳҲûʲô˵ˡ˵ŵâȴдˣ෴һΪıҵʱԼͷϵˡ
˽ҶЦˡ
˽һдˡЦâæһֱڲĺʥĽۻᣬĴε֮ʣҲƺڹ۲ĺʥĵβ֣ұ̲ס룬âһҪһ¡ȻҾͲµâһǷĺʥĻĹᣬŭâˣһһЩѡ
û뵽;֮򣬾Ȼ˼ҵжҶһ
ȴǰʵǸ˲õļһʱȻ֪סԼ۲ԼĶֱ˾ˡ
֮١Цһʵ˵δȫϣ֪âֻӻȻͰ˼õ˴ϡҹŴѾҪĶˣҲжˡ
Ҷһࣺʵ˵ɣҪʵԼҲû֣ôĺʥ֮Ĺϵʹѣ֣治ĿԼͬȺСϷˣڹ֮䣡
ȻӦö֡˵ȴҲѡһǼװ֪£ĺʥĺʥˣĺʥܲµΪȴҹȻ巭һЩֱӽĺʥָ׳죬Ȼһ֮ˣ˾㳹׶Ͼˡ
˵ֱȽϺãҶʡҶӰ粻ˣȴҲЩԥ
ɱӺ֮٣ĺʥ֮ȴ˸ı䡣˵һֻǱϹȴɱâ¡ңѡ
֮ҺȥδӣҶĻ
һм£ĺʥԵ˵ǿԻħʥȫ֮һӣĺʥõãʱȨıþ޴ôȻһͬ˴۶ħȨľħᣬұʽħʥ֮λʣµ£Ͷðˡ
һۡҶЦһ
Ҳû취¡Цۣܱ֪ѾԼȴҪ仳еǿɣ
ĻܴġҶ㻺ͷ뼴ʹڴˣҲֻһѡ񡣡


697 ر
һԻҶؽɱĺƵϣҪ赱ʣҲݵظκˣҪɱĺġ
ʱ޷
ڵԺ뵽ȴһδǸδħȨļǿܣһǿߡҶ㣬֮ս
ԼҪྡˡ
ĺǸˣΪԼ̫ţһЩ˷ܣ侲ġҿԼװ飬â˱㰵ּ֡ĸ֣һӦԵ֣һԱ߸һ
˾ˡҶ㰵Ц룺һĥôյɱɱһȴԼ鰲źãʡҺö¡
ɾøǴֲԼദһ¡
֮£Ҷ׵ؾĺľķܣȸطҪиֻмվڵʿһЩҹźӵ͡Ϊĺڵһ֣Լ̫ŵԵʡ
Ҷ룬ԼҲ⡣ΪԼ̫ǿԲľʧûǿػȻǿôҪԴǽš
ⶫκ˶ʸӵеġ²߶̫ţͳԴ
ҶĵǱ뽫סԺӣϤﻷܿĺ޵һʥͳ֮޵źܿ쿪ĺɻ󣬴һ㳤˳ʣ佫ͻȻʲô·Ҫʱ˵
ȥ𣿡һָڡ
ɡĺһͷ
âˣɡʱڰҶһͷҶ߳ʱĺĿһ䣬ɻ
âˣȻʡôᡭ
ȥ˵ɡҶѹ˵²Ϊ˵֪
롣ĺæͷ
âвͬǿǿߣʥҲҪֵĹĺɲҵ޵󣬰ŶڻаԼҪһʽĹٷ
عЩˡ˰֣סĺ
ˣôʱһޱȣҲǱ¶ޱȵŮ̽ӣһҶ㣬ʱ˻ȥ֪й͵佫âˣҲˡ
Ҷ㲻Ҳ
Ů֤˭֪ɱýâǼλ֮ȻҲ˳ˮ۾Ͷ鵽ˡȴʡҶ๦
أȥɡҶ˰֣ŮʱȥˡҶȻطʥƺǼŮǷ뿪ȴûԺ䶼̽һ顣
ȫ⣬ûκǱصķĺ֮ûʲô֡
ţֱʥһ춯޷Ҳ޷ʥ̽档
ʲô£ĺԽɻˡ
â˶˵ɡ̾һվװ˼˼˵
ôأȴĺ֮Ĵ󶯣ɴ۾Ҷ㣬â˵˵Ĵܡ
ҶҲĥʲô𺳵λһʱʧ񣬺÷Լ֡
пɿϢʥʱʵѾĻ壬ڵֻĻĿܶѣһҶ˵
ʵ˵֪Ҷ˵һȫǺ죬仰ʱ軹̲סһ
Ϊ̫пˣ˭֪â˵ĲʵأҲâΪĺе𺳶ʧԲ͸¶һľܣ
ıߣ̲ס˼˼ĺⱻƭ߷ӦΣ֪һɲǼ䣬۾ɵϴԺ֮ʱһƬհף̲סţ⡭ôܡ
ҪģɲǼʧ
˵꣬ҶѾ֣ȫâǿʥαװ׵̬չʾ˳ȭ㱻αװһ绡֮ȭȻĺؿڴȥ
ȻһֱҶѹƣȫʥ֮ӳּãԼһʵھʥǿߣһʥ֮һݺʥƥСʱδʥͬСɣһȭȥһо춯֮ơ
ĺĺʥеһǿߣȻ˼ݵһͣ٣һȴ˷ӦŭһһƻʱһԵâסҶȫһ
Ͼǳвִ٣ҶıѾãټϱҶҲȷʵһأȴһȭúһһȥֱˤϡ
ҲʱȴѾ򿪣һʥһʥзɳʱҪϡһߴɵĽ𾧹ҲۿҪһԾ
ʱˡ
һɫƲϢسһֱ㽫ĺӰΧ̺ľ޴ˮϵһ¾ͽĺסһˮļʹĺ˲䶯á
ε͵׼õץ˳͵һĺ
Ǵг˰ôǿޱȣĺڲ֮޷ʹκʥֵȴҲֻƾ֮Ӳһ
ֻһһҽУſһѪ
һ֣ʱԥٻӴػһȻ£ĺȴֻһƺ߱㵹еϡ
ʥ֮볤ظڿУ޶ǰѾ̽Ľ𾧹׹ĽУȴ¶ãȻ֮ɫ
ǺʥҶĿһʱʥֱӽǽ𾧹ĺ˳ʥһȴ̽鵽ĺоȻֻ𾧹ȫɸߵǿ𾧹ɺһϲʱʥסǵǣȻȫ˳ͶԼ֮С
ĺһʥ볤ȴҲǷҶ֮ǰʥеõһսװ£г֮ǺöҶȻ֣֮ҲһԼ֮С
ۿҶ㽫õıȫȥЦ֮ʣȴҲܽΣɴ˳ˮ飺ʥǺöâ˿ҪպáҲĺʥϵͬѰ֤ݡ
ԼãҶʡ
Ϊһ֮ʹδԽֻ֮ڴԽʵȴܴԽһƵķţҴϴ㲻ʽĹĺʥڣԴЧ
Ҷȴд󶯣Լ̰ƶᱦ֮ٻǸɶˡ
о͸ʥôԼͿһʥԷˣĺʥٵõһ龧ԼҲȫˡ
ǽΪն齣˵նһΪ̬ķ桢ȡʵ̬ķˮǷ仯ʯЧˡʥжмΪܣֻĻ֮²Ƴɡ
ȷʵǺ֤ݣҶ˵ͷ߰ɡ
âкδ㣿ʡ
ҪҪҶЦһȥͨˣ
⡭һԥ
жĺʥϵ֮£֮ǰδ㣬ΪηӡͨȴغˡâȻô˵Ȼа취쵽ȴòٵ˼ǷԼ
ô㲻ˣҶɫһ


698 ͨ
ҲΪҶ˵ͨڣҲһвȻѾ׼ĺʥôǵĵˡܶƵ˵ķչǺõġ
ðɡ˼Ƭ̺ͷЩȷʵҲâȷܷסͨ
ܴ򿪾ܷϡҶŵһЦʹΪâ֮ͨͨ£ˡ
Ƭ̡˵űҪߡ
ʲôҶʡ
ɱǸŮˡ˵
ҶȻ֪˵ĺǸŮˡˣҶĿķܴˡһ֣
ӦѾȥ
޵֮ڵһ֮һŴ󴲣Ůˣͬ¶һǷȥĺġҶ㲢ûнңֻʥһɨ֮󣬷ųʥŮӻ裬Ȼ뿪
ߣ²˳٣ȥȴʬĻᡣ
ףȥѡλһ·Ǳ뿪˵أʥһرصĵشȥ
رȻסˣѾĺʥΪϤǵشĺĴʱȴȫʥ
ֻһʥʥؽһƬΧʹκ˶Խӽ
ӲҪȥֻб¶ǵһ;˵ҿǻǡ
ӲɣҶ㲻˼ʱ䣬һ͵԰˳ȥֱǺĵشȥһâҶӿܣǿʥҲ޹˼ɣֱ˳ȥ
ʱͱش˵صʿ֣ʮʱǳ˹Ҷº飬ȭȭƵƵתۼһͽʮȫ
ˣȴҲֻӲͷƤһ塣ڲսʿ赲ȫ֣ȴ˵סǡ
Ϊڣͣ¾һڡ
ȥȴͬʱʮλʥ߳ɱЩ˶ϵҶ㣬ͬʱüȣâˣʲô
ЩӶĺüƣҶţңһΪһģڲ֪ǾȻ߹ұǵͨ绹ôǣ
ɫɴ䡣
âˡô£ȴûϵġֻΪһǿߣԼ֣Ȼǿǿ֣ڲŷâƽʱǻ۹ˣ涯ʱȴ͸¶һּġԡ
а̾ϢֻΪ֮ͨ
ͬʱҲǺâ䣬ȴȫ֣Ĵʥȫ˳ʥӿ֮кɱ֣ʮʥʱһ˲¡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȴƹЩʥߣֱ뱻ЩʥػһǴ룬һֻһŵɫڲϵתӿšѾʶͨҶʱӦͨӦܣʿ֪ĺʥͨ
ʱѾʣµʥ߲סʱɱиûпܡҶֱȡ˾¯ʥӳԼϣɾ¯֮ٵһС
ʱȥɱ֮ҲֹϢһ֮ǰɲҶȴѾٵ˾¯һɲ͵شһ׹⣬һ˿ϣȫɢ
һΣȴǽͨŻֱӽȫ˵ȻܽͨջǿġǿҪͨ´򿪣ֻҲҪȥʱ䡣
һɽܼ򵥣Ҫѱʯɽ¸ԭȴޱȼһ
â˺ñ£費ָԲԵؿ佱һ䡣ѾĶ˴ǿЩ߰ɣ
áҶһͷ档
ʱȴʥ߸˹һȫֻɱˣҶҲúɳȥ
ȫѪûϢȻˣʵҶȴʹɾȴֻˣһڡ
ȴҲ̫ˡ
ѾˡĺʥĸָϵȻᷢˣҲػȫκʳ˭ʱ˱˵â衣
ħʥһ֣Ҷ㣬ֻӦóΪʥһ֮֡˭˿ɵת֮䣬˱ڻɱˡСĿߺﳤȥʧҹɫ֮С
Ǵ˾ٱضĺʥȫ𾪡Ҷװ˵ǻǸϿعԾӴСı𱻱ץѱһ粨֮ǻҪĺʥȨȴҪúúǣ
Ȼ費һͷһŽٶȥ
ҶıӰһЦȴʱתʥһȥ
ȴֱ֮ͨȥ
ĺʥ⽫Զµľ˷Ļ롣ȻѾ֪ĺʥкĺʥһһֱ˵Լ׳ʵΪȴĺܸ˳ȻԸֱ档
һȴʹҶķһۡ
·֮ʱʥɫȴͻȻﲢȻ֮ӰӵаҹһоʥƵҪȻ
ɫ˵ŵĶѾʥ͢ĺʥӦǿʼˡ
Ҷ㲢Щֻһ·ͨȥһ·ϣ˲ټһ߶ȥĴҲ̲飬⡰ˡݣνĶͨΣĵģȴԳֵƭˣֱһӪǰ
âˣһλʱӭǡâʱȹһ
ôˣ
ˡҶ㽹˵мΪǿĵ˽ʥ֮УѾɱĺ
Ѿ֪ǽͷʥѾȫϣΧ֣ǡ
м¿㻹֪â˵ͨѾˣ
ʲôǽһ洫Уȴûᵽ
ǵֻٵͨͨҶ㽹˵ǵöߵͨʧұҲزȥˣ
ġ콫ظĵɽ죬мʮλʥأֱסķҪͨУҲвʮʥ߱š
ѵǱ߱ûЩҶŭǱͻƣ
⡭ɫһʱҲѿ
ҪػͨҶţҽȥȥ˵ͨ٣һα㶼ǳе
Ϲٳ֮Ҷ֪仰Աʥּ⻹йá
⽫һҪеʱЭæҶڶȥһ·֮ͨڡ
ڣʮʥҶ㹧ΪҶֻһ֣㼱Ҵҵس˽ȥ
ļΪֻ´ʱѾѣĻͨʱᴫʥûʱƻͨˡ
ãһлû
ٽ֮УҪ֮ͨϵΪɽҪһ𱣻ͨʥ߸˳ȥرյźȡ¯һͨ
һת֮УԼһлЩһȻ硣
ͨʱ޷ĺʥ֣һĺʥж㻹Ƴ٣Ҷ㹻ʱоǾճɹٴƳƷһս㲢ôˡ
Ҷ㲻ϼֻͼЩɣ¯ڵĻ㲻ϵطڡ
ۿ֮ʣȴͻȻʥֱƣʮʥһɱųɱ˽
â־ܣɱ⣡


699 
Щ˳ɱǰɲǣҶȴѾֱ˾¯ʥȫӳбһâ͵ӭȥ
һеطԼͻɽһĿҰǿ֮ƣһʥֱӺһŽڡޱֻЩʹþ¯ʥȫɱ
Լʵݾй¶һоͶæˣ
ʥ֮ټһҶ㣬˭赲ʮʥȻҶǰȴֻбɱķݣսƬ̣㶼Ҷַ
ڼȻʮλʥ߳ɱ˽ҶȴںˡЩҲû¯Լȴɲǡ
ЩСˣһɱһߴ𣬡ǱʵȴıҪǣزĹǣҲͨͨ磬кͬĺʥҵſ
֮ȴһЦȻɱΧֱʥ֮ȥ
һ·֮ϣȴвٶأ˭סʥλĸ֣ȴѱɱ˸ɾûǿסȥ·һ·⣬ɱĺʥʥߣͻƶ
һ뿪ĺʥȡսԶȥȳ˦βͣ˴С򣬰úռţŻϰװٴŵľ׺󣬲Żֱ֮Ӵȥһ·סУصء
һأһʱΧһȥʮ죬ҵȵüĽƽһͬʱҲ̲סʳʶ̡
Ҷе֪ĺʥ֮˶һ
˵ģ˵ڣԺɨʥˣĪµ˵㽫ǵڵ͵˻㻹һ
̫ˣޱؿڣͨĺʥ֣ǽʥһƽ١
ȻͨҲֹۡҶ˵ܽͨһΣܴ򿪵ڶΡʵҲֻΪȡһʱѡʱǲ˷ѣһҪŪڡ龧оͽ𾧹Ʒ򵥣ڶҪо͸һķƷҪһˣ취ŪһЩ龧ʯ
ôҸʥʥתޱ˵
Ҫʥ֪Ҫʥ綼֪Ҷ˵
ģԻᴦáޱͷרо⼸ʥɡ
ҡҶһ֣˻˹һͬȥϣŭһоŭϾҲĻ֣ܰһЩæӽܸͨǿ󡣡
Ҳһȥɡٴʯվ˳Ҳ֮ܽæ
áҶͷʦŶӶ
һ̳硣
λĻİ֮£ټҶ㱾Ļһʥ͸ʥֱӹ۲ṹĲܣоȴ˳ޱȡںоǼ򵥣Ҷֻһʱȫʥ֮֮ڸٴʯˡ
𾧹ǻҶʱ䣬ȫŪṹһʱ䣬ҶʥĲϷƳһ𾧹ȻԶĽ𾧹ȴԶԶʤЩʥ
ŭҡͷ˵вҲûãǵĽ죬ſӵо޴͸ߵȵǰƷʤףƷ㡭
ƨʡ˰ɡҶһЦԺҽ磬취һЩġ
龧췽Ǽˡ龧ʯ;лֻ֮ҪԼӵƽǿըķôͿֻ־ʯȴֻС
оȴȥҶʱ䣬ǰܹ˲һʱ䣬ҶȫŪ׵ṹʥеĲϷһ׽һ²䴩Ʒһڣһ˱Ÿ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ɹˣٴʯһ󼤶
ⲢɹҶҡͷܴģ죬װǵľӲǳɹ
ҵһ뷨ٴʯ˵˵ҪǼͷ­ǺԾķƣֻ龧ãôҲֻͷ͹ˡ
һ˼ƶ̣˼ƳҶһЦȷʵǱɡ
һ֮£ȴȫɹ龧ȻֻͷԾ֮ͷã龧ʲôôҲûˡ
֮Ҷڿȷһ㣬ʱðٴʯǿʼơ
ͬʱȴһ˾ȵľ
ͷ֮ʥʡҶ˵ʥʽ䴫ʥ򣡡
⡭ŭһһؿɾûˡԼҰѳ֮ʥɶðͰ͵عƨһ¾̵ĺô
ʥ綼ٴѣһҪƸʲôҶ˵ʥѣʱҪͬǣ̺ôڳû١
һ˻ʥĵλо̧ˡͷЩ˻ʥʥֻھҪƴİ˻ʥƨأ
龧죬ȴֻСҶ˵ɱ̫£ƷԽ࣬вԽǿǽˣķδУֻ½
⵹ġͷ
֮ǰ˰ս꣬Ƴ˾ʯҶһ˵һ߽Щʯȫȡ˳ٴʯһͬо֮ܽɾװɡ־׵һΪǿµġ
ģһٴʯͷ
׵֮ҶϸޱҶͥأһҪȫ֤ŲܸţŶ֮һڰǰ
һƳɣȴǳ֮κܹ򿪡СĵؽŷӡһǣʹԼܹ롣ڵ֮ͨнǷӡһ·ǰȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãһݺύĿռѺǰѺ״ûа֮ͨһѺ֮УʥҲᱻռѺն롣Ҷϸ۲һȴǿңĻ귢ͨһͷѾڰŷ󣬱ܽͨͷҲˡ
ǵǽ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʩչǿ˾¯֮ȴǿռѺ֮ͨһС飬Լһ֮С
һҶ㲻ǰһһֽĸо
ȻҲʥһһƬڣȥȴκԶŸɫƣȴž޴ľʯɽ޾Ŀռ֮ƮšЩʯɽɢЩ΢ĹâŽ
ʱһƬӴޱȵĵɫƮ˹ӿԶȥ
ʹˣ֪һЩҶֻҪΪһƬһĻ顣
ƣΪ塱һĻɢɵ֮ĴƮЩСĻֱɣʹԼ׳󡣶׳һ̶֮󣬱л۳ΣγĳĻ顣
Ļ飬ûиߵǣֻҰһļǻۣΪԣһĻ꣬׷ᣬֱ֮Ϊֹ
Ҷ˵ҲȫôΪǵݻΪͨҲҪüǧʱݻֿµĻ飬òϡûǿҲ޷Ϊʥǡ
ҶֱƹһƬ壬Զһ޴ľʯɽȥǾʯɽɢĽɫâȥȴǽ𾧡


700 ԭռ
źǣһɽȻ޴󣬵𾧳ɷȴȥҲûκô
ҡҡͷҶѸٵ뿪ԺͼΪصġԭռ䡱ȥ
ڡ龧ʯ֮£ԼŭҲһǶеĸ߲㣬ƽʱȲɿ֮¡ǵ˵¶µĻɵģֻ֪ҪԼȥʲôء
龧ʯֶĻȫûЧãȻҲûעЩ߲֪ˡ
˵־ʯôֻǡԭռ䡱ˡ
һƬԶȨصش˵ĻԴ֮أ˲ŽСԭռ䡱ĻĽأҲ̺ž޴뱦ؿռ䡣κĻ̫ӽǿռڲȥ޻ءκĻȫˣܵõĪĺô
ġ򰵼ǲ֪֮ǰ¸ҵĻдǿԭϣĻ֮еǿƶɡ
Ҷȴƺ˻ʥʥмơ
һ·ڶȥһó̰ڼ㣬ȴһ¡ĳ;ڹ˵ȴҲֻССһε֮ƶѡ
һ·ҶŭָСĵرܿĻۼ֮һĻҪȦԭռ䡣
һĿռ䣬һƬڰ治ͬȴһƬһƬ֮⣬ȴһӿͬī֭һĺɫܲ㣬ȫڱĹӰʹκܲߣֻܼһƬޱߵĺڰ
ֻиײɫߣܿһƬޱȹĿռ䡣
Ҷؽʥ֮ȫӳϣǹ֮жȥһƬۣ͵÷·ֻޱߵİǽһ㡣Ҷһ·ڶȥͷʱֻǺɫѾȫʧһƬƬĹ⡣
һ·ڶУȴʯɽ壬һڿСֻЩɽ岢ƶλù̶·һ꣬Ϊ·Ĳο
ҶȴԼӦЩɽϲʵȴһּѲķʽͬӰһظţǵΪôضʧ
ˣȴԼʥоԺлһͼ
ϸ۲ЩʯɽȴǲϺõľʯֻҶȴ֪ǶкôȡҲûκ塣ǰȥԽԽľʯɽ壬оһʯɽ
ɽ󣬲ʮɸߣҺܵǴĳɽϵķ⡣Ҷȥϸһ빹ɽ𾧹Ĳȫһ£ɵͷ΢Цһɽֱ硣
ǰȴӽΣ򡣾˵һ֮ԭռͱüһĻ걻к޷ѳò˶þͻᱻ޴ѹ
ֻǿĻ޾УѰұء
ҶӦһ£ûʲô֮ǰȥһ·ȴջСǷһɫʯɽϵľʯ̺һֱԵȴЩɢκϢɽ岻ͬҶȡһ飬ʥһԣоܺú쾧ףһµıԾס
ʱԥؽһɽֱ硣
Ļû磬Ȼ޷뱦ɽκӶᡣĻЩȴҲֻǼһȺǿߣȻ޴ƶҪһξʹʯɽûпܡ
Ҷһʯɽҡͷ̾Ϣ֪ЩɢκϢľʯҲԼôĻ˵أ֪Ƕʲô˵ȴֻһɫͬʯͷˡ
ԼȻλĻ󽫣ϧȫǸ߲㣬ƽʱûЩԭϣõҲȫɲӹõĲϣҶ֮УҲϰƷ̬ʽЩԭȴǴྶͥ
ҡͷ֮ҲֻòЩɽһ·ڶȥ
һ·ȴջ𾧴ɽɽһһǿʹҶ㷢֣ԭԽԭռں˵ľʯԽǿ
ϸӦΧ仯öԼûκӰ죬ԸɴҲͲô࣬ڶȥ
֮ڷһ޴龧ʯǿ龧ʯֻһô󣬵ΪҶڼ֮̽磬ǰȥҵһ龧ʯȴһСô
ϲ֮£ٴ룬ԶԶر㿴һ޴ʯɽĿĴСֻȴʮ֮ߣһСɽ塣Ҷϲ⣬ʱ˹֮硣
ѰңȴԶľ޴ɽ壬һ·ɽȥ֮󵽴֮ٴ硣
һΣջ޴󣬳龧ʯͽ֮⣬Ȼջ˿쾧׵ǳ֮ջ
ʱҶȴӦԶһеϤȻԶԼһִ·ԼѾʥͨıԵ
ɣȻ
ѵͨʥ磿ôܣ
ȷʵеϤޱȵϤ
ô£΢΢üվȥ̽һ
ʥ֮Ȼ޾ͨΣգǰȥ׷ѰϵԭռĴȥ
ԽȥԽоǹǿҶоʥӿɰԾġѵĺĵشӵʥ֮УĻɾֲ̫ˣ
ڴʱһܵĲͻȻӿ֮ͬһѸٵؽΧһãæȫȥȴסݡԽݣԽоʥʥ֮Ҷȴԥ
Ѷðһ̽
ȥһҧڵȥ
һȥȴں˵ͬʹʹԼٶһ´ﵽ˾˵ĵزԽһ㣬ת֮ƿһܵϣֱӳһ硣
һҶȫסˡ
һʵ
һɽɽ֮о̲ݣҡҷȫһʥڵȻ
⡭ô£Ҷ㲻ɴסˡ
ܣ۴ΪһƬɫԵЩ֮⣬ʥеȻɫȫһ¡ֻ֮Ȼк컨̲ݣȴûб飬ҶʥﾹȻһֻСҲûС
ʥҪԶȥʱһʥĲȴӿţһӰԶѸٶǰ
ٴξˣΪģȻһģһʥˣ
ô£
Щʥʮһ֮࣬һһʽΪص֮ӿŵһܡһε֮ǵͷ­һҶּϤܵˣȫ޷ӦǵĴڡ
һǿʥǵͷ­Ʈɢ˳Щ֮ɢֱӣֱǰɫա
ʲôˣΪλԭռ֮УҶһ֣ʡ
Щʥ˿ȴ˵ֻͻȻһ˷һŭ͵˹
ʥߵӿʥһγһȻһд󸫣ʥУ֮ӯͬһƬë
Ǵ󸫣ֱҶ
ҶӦԷȴֻܸӦɱ⡣ȻԷû˼ֻ뽫ɱ
ԼҲûʲôˡ
ҶĿһ̧ȭǾ޸Ҷֻһһ׹ͬһݺݵشʥߵţʥߵӾҵţ׼һ绡
һҲǿȻȥץؿڵ׼뽫γ
ֵܵסһ׼һâ֮Уץ׼ֻȱ׹飬ţһ׼֮ȫһڹâ֮лƬɢ


701 
ʣµʮλʥߣû¶һ˿־֮⣬ֻڼʶҶǿ֮һѷƵȫȥ
ЩʥǿҶȼֱͻСӡҶʥ֮Ըǲʲôҿ֮׹ݺת֮ɱλʥߣԼȴһëҲû˵
ɱˣҲƬ̼¡
ҶһӰԶٵǰһλʥߣα֮ǰʮһ˶ӽ˶ʥҲΪǿ
ǰʥһ۳һ˳ǹǹ澧Өˮǹ΢΢𶯣һĲɢصץǹһǹ㶶һѤǹ
ķӿһ˳ǹ𶯶죬ʥߵ͸ɱ⣬һ֮ͷ­֮ȴͬʱһɹܴ
ǿԶ֮ǰʮһˣʮһ˼һҲĶ֣
Ҷ΢΢üĶֱͺܿ£ټƬյһ壬չֻһʱ̲ܽս
Ҷֱ˸ΪǿֱӺȥ
ʥҲȻһȻһ˳ǹһǹž֮ӭһȻǹ赲һ׹⡣
Σ
Ҷ㱾һһ㣬һӶ˲ʥߵԡʥߵĿ⻹ƿҶƱѾ˹ȥһƣʥǻԵҲʥľȻʥߵĲ֮ϡ
ڵĲ֫ʥߵİֱӱƬɢһޱȵĳǹһʧȥڰɢһƬʥʥߵ۾ʧȥ˹ʣԼתͷҶ㣬ƺҪʣµİӼȫԼǿߣһͬ
⻪һ֮䣬ҶҲûȵؽסһϷĻ
ҶռһԼǿ赲һ
赲֮󣬳ڶԹߵޣֱӷųһˮȵİɫشһ¾ͽʥİҲѪ顣
Щ˾ʲôˣΪʲôΪһģ
Ҷһּǰĳ嶯Ҳȷʵôˣǣǿʥߡ֮ǰҶɱʥһ޶һǿһޱ飬һĲɹͨ
ҶҲֻܿƵĿܶѡ
ôЩôģһôɵģ
һУԡǰԶܽҿյס
ǰԼĻʲôǳǧµʥߣ
Ҷ˼ţջǰȥľ
ԽһƬɽ壬һΣȴһжʮλʥ߳ɱ˹Щʥʥ룬ǿһ͸ޱߵɱ⣬һֱӳ֣ɱҪҶֱӷɳ
һҶֱӽҲ˳֣һʱˮݺᣬâƳգһ֮䣬ʥ߱ɱ䡣
Ҷ󻤷Щʥ߸޷סǡǴռϷ֮ʣȴжʮλʥɱ˹Ҷ㵱ȡħѣֱӻʮֻħūޡһʱ䣬֮ȫݺķһʱʥʯһ׷䡣
Ҷߵ֧ȫһ֧ǿޱȵľӣһСʥҲ´࣬ЩʥȻǿôסǣ˲ͱͻơ
һӶǿʥ߲϶ͼҶסԽˣҶԽоǰмΪشڵԼҿҪһ̽ĳ嶯Խǿҡ
谭ȫͻƣҶһ·ԡѪɱһƽԭ֮ϣͣ
ƽԭ룬һž޴壬·һС͵һ㣬ͬһ㲻ϵҶԶţȴоһ⡣
Ϊ򲢷Ǿʯɣһ߾ʥ˵ɣǧڵʥ֮һγСС򣬶ӿĲǺˣȴ򲻶䶯壡
龰֮죬ʵ޷ݡҶоǶһЩ˿⸱ΣһᵱŻ¡
Ҳ̲ס΢΢˼սһ񺮡
ʱʮ֮ط˳һ֮ǵͷ­֮ϣǵ۾ʱɱĹ⡣ܷزǳݻף˲ͬǷŭ֮Ҷɱ
ħū޵ķһ˹ȥʮʥʱķѡ
ϵӿҪµʥߡ
⵽ʲôҶ̲סѿڶ
޴ȿ˵
𣿡ҶҲ޴һôģ˼룿
˵֮䣬ȴʮʥߵװϣɱ
ʵ˶𣿡Ҷ˼ţͻȻһɱȥңʮֻħū޷Щʥ߻ɱʹҶ͵ֱǰǾĽǰ
ƣһ֮УҶȫ֣һ޴ޱȵ˲ͬʱһҲ档
ȫâһųʮֻ޴ĵâǰȥһ޴һ
޴˲佫һƶһ˲Һ֮ڶ·ܵϿ̷
Ҷ̲סһʱһԼСһľᶨַ֮ųһʮɽԼǰԼɱǰݺײƶ֮С
ݺ˿ڣһ±޴ʱһƶ
һ˵飬ҶǿʥߣȻҲҡҡλΣһʱͷǣʧȥ˿ʱٴӿһĴ͵˹ͬһֻ֣һ½ҶУڲ
һ߾帲Ҷѹס
һŭ˫۷âٿȻ֣ͬһŵâһǰַ̧һˮˮһֻˮ֮꣬ݺݵشȻǴ֮С
ǿԷǿӲǽһ޴Ѫ
ٴηŭˣְ󳱡һ߾ֽţסƴ֮У֮ڣձȫɡ
ʮֻħū޴ʱʧȥҶƣȴֻǴǰ֪ӦǺá
񱻹֮кʱһܴ˹ͼӵϡȴû֮һǽˣһʥΣȻǣȴ޷һסǡ
ǿĴڣȴڲչ˴ƻ룬űҶȥ
ʱҶ㣬Ѿȫʧȥʶ˼άһƬ֮СȴԼӦЩʲôƴŬ뿴巢ԼߵһУǣΧһж
һƬڰޱߺڰںڰ֮УйâϸȥһſɢŹȵĺǡ
һƬƬԶʾ״ҶΪ֮֮ʱ֮ȴͻȻһССĵ㡣
ǵС΢ҪСȴǿ󵽱涼ǿ
Ǹȫ֮涼ٵ̮ٵرһССĵСɣ֮ϵɣʥҲУ
һĻ֮


702 
ǿµĴ֮Уڰбɣǿʥƴȫ޷ֹƽ֮УǿʥҲǴ󺣿еһҶСݣûκεĵֿ֮
ʱۿһ缴Ҫȫʧ֮ʣһâˣңԶĿУһȺӰ֣֮ɢǿƥʥΰ󣬷·˲䴴һ磬Ҳ·˲һ硣
ʱȴڱ磬ʹĻֹһСɵһпռʱ䣬ٵػ֮Уڷ·ƽ
һſȴԶʧˣٲܻˮԼԭĺӵ֮УˮеĲϺȴѾܻˡ
Ǹһеġ㡱ʱҲʧʧ֮ǰȴҶ˼һҲ˽ȥҶоԼ˲һ֮У֮һƬڰǧϵʥ˻ϣʱѾڱɵĹγһƬƬɫơ塣
һ־޴ѹӰ֮£ر㣬ں˵ľ޴ȼգͷ·Ǳʦһγһɫͬľ塣ȻЩ޴ľܲסԼٵطֱɾ޴򻯳һСһľʯɽ塣
ңԶһ׹Ҷ˹ȥȻ㿴ǿޱȵʥߣʥ֮ԼǿŽһԿšľѹ֮£ǵķ
ǿţԾ޴ֿţվȡգʥѹ֮£ǵںϡȴǵһαԵʱ赲סǿµ
һĻˡھ޴͸֮£ǵ彥ںһ𣬽γһɵǵķҲںһͷʹǵĸȻȴ̬桱
һһǰ׹Ϊһ塣һЩ߳ȥɢޱߵĺڰռУۣԼΡЩõģع̶̬γһ塣
Щʱû־ʶطУڱ˴˼ײУǽǣʼ˼򵥵ǻۡǻ۲׳սʹǱǻ
Ļꡣ
ǿܣǾ޴ľ֮£䱣֮СвӽĻ꣬СĽǺĻܲ㣬ͻᱻİ׹Ȼһֱ崦Уɵ
ҲһЩĻʵǿȴһͻƳȥǣֱٴν롣
ĽУ˽ϱǿһӵƾնľ鼼ɡ
̫̰ģ̫룬ôǶôǿ󣬶ᱻɡ
Ҷ㾲ؿţᵽһ鵮ΰ޸п˼̲סǺĻ֮У֮УʧȥԼʶҪΪһ塣
ڴʱѾɱ룬һ½Ҷסͻƶ
Ҷһ֮󣬲ŽػָʶʶҲޱȡ֮УԼоԼͷϣԼԭҰ֮УϽԼ֮ȡȥ΢΢üƾűܵұ־񵱳֮ʱЩʥһ㣬Ǿ޴Կ
зһâ﷢һ޺ǿķ֮£Щ߲òϵؼӹԷ·ѡⲢûôΪҶǿȻǣȴʹ޷гȡκ֮
ˣԭҰеĽˮظӦ˾޴вʱҲǿǱѷյ֮ٴαҶԴԴϵسȡεذҶԿǿµ
ɲǼ䣬еʧˡ׼ȷ˵ǲҶҶԭҰ֮İ֮£سȡ֮
Щ߲סţ·ηҶں¡Ҷȴֳȡбޱ˫еĹâøΪǿҡ
ڰʣܵ޴ע룬ȡڣǾ޴ɢһηϢͬʱѣжҶ֮ϵҶٲܳȡκˡ
һʱȡѾ㹻£
ǿһıԴ֮Ϊǿ
ҶһӦԼԭҰе仯ҲӦԼʥı仯ԭѾ֮֮ʥʱֶĻ֮ʱ˷츲صı仯
Ļӽʥߵʥ˵ʵԭʥߵʥֻһ֮Ӱ췢˱仯ѡܿʥںϣҶʥ쳣ǿǿԷֽһ֣κα仯κ塣
ҶһһʥǰһĻΡνʵбۣȫһĻ꣬΢Ц
ģȴԼ
һһʥɢ˳ȥһصĴ󽣣ǰٸ߸𣬿£ת
ǱԼ⽣ȴͬԼһ򵥡
һĻҲˡ
оԼԸ⣬ȫĻ˵壬˲Ӷ˵öԷԼ뷨ж
ĸо֮ʱһĻʱԶʮֻħūϼ׵ڣʱҶһԼѱϼ׵ĸо
񼼣
һϲ
ʱ·ͬʱӵ壬ֲͬݸй١ָо̫ˣһʱ֮䣬Ҳ̲סİߵĺһֻſϲˡ
ͬʱҲһ˿źΪħūȫģΪȴ޷ԳʹڱʥʱǸʲôЧԼҲʥеĸ֣ռݶԷƬ̹򣬲ôŵؽֿ
ֶս֮УֻҪƬ̹򣬾޵ж룬ҽ֮ʣҶͻȻųһĻʥ壬ӶԷ壬ʲô
У
Ҷ㶢Ǿ޴壬ʱȴһ顣ϼһĻַ˳ǰĻؽںϳһ֧޴Ļ׼Ҫȥ
ɾʱһɾ޴ޱȵųȴͻȻ֣ؽҶһڲºݺݵƳԭռ䣬ںڰҲ֪˶ãֱײһǿޱȵ֮УоܣǿҶֱײУ޴ʶŷתȫǡ
תþòͣȴΪײһƬͬϱһ֮ϡ
Ҷ㱻ײ߻أðŻҳϵߣһ
󻤷Ҷ㲻ҡͷԳһЦ
̫ԴˣԼЩ̫Դˡһ󻤷ڣԼͽˡû뵽侹Ȼص壬û뵽ԼǰȻûеֿ֮
ڲͬˣǿõٲκˡκ֮϶ùˣ
ͬʱҲɸе𺳡û뵽ĻıԴȻʥߵռ䱾֮һУȴȫʥ磡
ѹĻżʥ֮󣬱һҪУõˡǵ֮ѾԴ֮еĻع
ҶҡͷпţԶȴ㵵طٵԼ߳·Ҫȫ𡣾֮£æָħū޺ͻȡԼһ𷢻ӳȫ͹һϱڡ
ǿϱҲ޷ֵںȻһѣҶһһǰϱ֮Ŀռ֮С
ҲʱһɾֱӽǺڰɡĨǿ֮УûκεĿռѷŻֻһƬǿա
ͨˣҶ޷ͨ⴦Ż硣
ԴˣֻҡͷһЦκΰ취


703 
ͷһƬǺҶһİ硣
ڰԾǺڰޱȣдڵģȴԲε壬Զɢâȴһ޴ţޱȡ
֮иģһ޴Ľɽֲֳ״
ǡҶȻܣĿƵ˻ȵϡӦȵ֮һ˿ֲȻ΢ȴһĸо·ӹʱļ¶
ȣﲻǡɣæʡ
ǽ磬ҵļ硣Ȼͷ
Ҷ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ϲԭռ侹ȻԼ͵˽磡Цɿˡ
ӽ֮УҲǲܻصʥ磬ռͨȴ֪һ֮ԶһǿʥһʱϣҶҪҵеͨȴ֪Ҫϼ꣡
⻹ǽûκΪвųɡ
֪ͨܣôϣ뿪ǻҲ֪ܽʥ磬Ϊ׷ɱһͨ
ҶЦҡҡͷһϣʻȣ֪ͨʥͨ𣿡
ҡҡͷҶʧ֮˵ҿҵס֮ءҲ˻֪
԰ַҶ㲻ԳһЦԼǱõĻľ޴ϲóͷԣȻּ򵥵İ취Ҳˡ
ôǻʲôҶ˵߰ɡ
һһ֮Ľ֮еǳڴ˭֪ʲôջأ
ڻȵ֮£Ҷһ·ǰԶȥһɽ֮ʱҶ̲סʼ²˵滷ѵЩɽ֮Ͽ乬
Ҷĺ档
ǰһƬòɼһǰһ˵ܻн˳û±֣Ӧ취αװ
αװҶ˵һټ򵥲£ĺöҶȫαװκһ飬αװɱǽˡֱӽȡϣһ仯֮γһȸ߶൱ˡ
ûЩŮ֮⣬Ҷ仯Ľȴһ޶
ǲп̬ĳԱҶʡ
ûСҡͷ̬ǵҲǷơˣҽ仯ҵӣ⸱ģ̫ˡ
ͳɡҶЦЦֻҪƭͬǱá
Ҳáȵ˵ͷ
᲻ᱩ¶Ҷʡ
δ֮ǰһᡣ˵ڵ䲻ңҲһǻ壬ȴᱻ˿ڣǲڣɻء
أҶʡ
ǲĳԱ̬ڲҲˣ˵ֵ٩ƽֱûȴһֹĸо
òɼʲôҶʡ
ǹõĲɼƺǲ֪νͲźá
⡮áɼʲôҶֻýһѯʡǲɼһľ𣿡
ҡͷ˽вɼͬӵȫͬʣ幹ҲǲͬģԲͨáɼһЩͨõĽǿĲǿ½ĳֹܡ
ȤˡҶ㲻ɻͷ
֮ǰһƬеĽɽͬʥеʯһ㡣ֻǰ˷ȫǸָĽɽܼ֮赲ʹ˿ǰ
ڻȴ֮£ҶƬɼдУߵһ֮ʱȴԶһҫޱȡҶתͷ͵Ӧнս
壿Ҷǵһֳƺʲô
һǲͬ˵ӵǿȱǿǻۡǻ۲ԿԼ壬ʹԼһַ״̬֮У˲ֻǡ塯
ȥҶȤʶһ嵽ʲô
ǡȫҳˣ˵ʲôʲôҶһǴȥ
Ƭ֮䣬Ҷ󻤷ǵҫ
һĽɽɢɫʣ·ǲʺһѤǾɽİɽϣмβͬĽһֻ޴Ľﲫ
ǽﳤɣòֻáݣΪûʲôҶ֮뵽һ֪̬ȴһѽѹѵһֱ߰زһѽ첲һ㡣ּһϣȫûʲôԳơԣı׼̬Ӧô׳ĵطȴϸСӦöԳƵĵطȴǵó޹̬ʵǺһҶڵϵĽͻȻճһγɵһ㡣
ǰ壿Ҷ㾪ȵָǹʻȡ
ǵġȵͷûǵĹǿµĻߡãӽ䣬ֻƫԶĲɼ档ˣǲɲɼǿĽȴԼԽԽ˵֮УǵҲǴӰѧϰǿķ˲ܲǿͬЩһɲϽ
Ҷ˵ͷ弤սļˡ
һò߰ͬҲһɸߣߵﵽɡҶ㿴ʻȣǰˣ
Ӧòǡҡͷ׷ɱʱ򣬰ѾҵĲˡӦɽˣǰ䡣
ǲ֮䣬Ҳжʱ򣿡Ҷʡ
ᡣҡͷ
ЩԲһ壬ȴôһ𹥻أҶˡ
Ӧǽˡ˵һ˵ز䣬ʱ䡣ǵּǴһޣʹγһ䣬һ嶼ͳһ̬
ЩһҶ㻺ͷָĵȻǰ⼸ˣЩĽˡ֪һʷǰĴ£ɹıһ״ʷ
ڽ˵һ츲صĴ£ҲʹΪǿĺ¡
ʥ˵㲢ˡγͳһ䣬ôǿµĽˣ¾ͻĿͶʥˡ
˵δʥв
Ӧ취ѿ֮вŶԡҶ㲻üͷ⡣
Ҫ𣿡ʱʡ
Խж˽⣿ǽӴҶʡ
̫˽⣬ҲûӴҡҡͷһֵùעĲ䡣
ˣǽıĿ²䡣ҪһӽǣҪǡҶ˵
ˣȷʵѾҪ˾Ԯĵزˡ
Ҷ㿴ǸһвĴڡۿͼֱǲֵһСˡ
ǿģҲǸߴɽ壬ɸߵαɳİ߳һ֮ʱ߾Ǿȭͷºݺݵңвɽǿ󣬵ԶУǿߣԷȭƽԶ̹Ҳʮֶ̣ҲۿۣλɽԶһ֮ףȴֻܽԼȭ֮ϣչѣֱһ򵥵ȭס
ȭߣȴ⣬ֻ׳֫岻סţ赲סɽȫղϵ棬ˡ
ûĻƣȴͬšγɵһѺۣЩѺ֮ŻĹâÿ巢ŭ֮ʱЩâȻκһطƾԶɹؽǣסȫܽ
֮УȴֻӵԶ֮һܲϷһҺ۳ɵĵУһȲ࣬ŮΣȴâˡǵжڰǿ׳֫˵δвâ˵
ʶȵâҶ㣬ֻƨҲ㲻ϡ


704 
ˣβͬҲһһλ߲ɣֱۣûʲôԶķҲжǿȴǼΪտһʮָ罣Ҷʱﵽεһ룬ʮһ㣻һżΣָ࣬䲻ϷŰ߳档漫·ʵ֮һ㣬ƺҲΪס
ҵͬ塣ȺְܾҶšǷҺеǻ壻ֱֻ۵壻нָǽָ壻ܷ塣
ҶӰ֮£ԽԽǿٲ֮ǰǰҶʲôŴʲôȴҲѾҶҶҪ֪ʶˡ
Ҷע⵽ǸȻ࣬ȴս෴Ƕ˵󡣲ÿˣǰӱһȡͬĽٵۻ֮޲ͬϵˡ
һȻȴǸսҽʦ
Զߣнսߣóߣҽʹߣ֧鵹Ǻǿ󣬵ϧǵĶָΪǿǾ޴İȻªޱȣǿþˣ䷨ҲΪɹۣһ֮䣬һĻ֮ǹǽɽϣʱճһµĴ󶴣ֱճһƬʲݵĽҺ
ǸɽѾԲ֧ȭϵĽѾ֣еСһƺʱϨǻâԶ԰˿ãսɫڰķ赲֮£û취ʵвԼȴˡֻԽͦģֻ类ճһ̲Һˡ
ڣɽȭϵĹ󳹵׵ʧ԰вҲ֮ʧƺǸӦ˶ԷѾľʱ˾ִ֫һŶԷȥһ¾ͽɽײڵأס
˴ʧɫҪǰȣ͵طųһƬ棬յȴˡ
ɽ赲ֻԭս׷ɱˣɽһͿƶʱԵľͲǹ̶Ļڣһƶ
˵񶼱ˣ͸
־ǣҶ˵ţһԾ˳ȥ
αװĵâݣʺʹʥɲ֮䣬ʥ֮ӳϣ͵طһϻƼģһ⣬һâʱһָȥһ´˰Ӳ壡
˵ֱǲɴݻٵıݣҶ˵ȴ·һľͷѳɵªһ㡣һâȥʱ㱻͸һ˿ڴɢǵâը֮УĽмܷɢȥ巢һźˡ
ֻһ˲ᡣ
һסǿΪʹİ壬ж¶֮ɫǻعͷ󻤷ԶҶ㣬һĴͱ顣
λɽ廹ûü󻤷Ѿ෢һâһˮͬʱݺݵնڰϡ˲䣬ǿİֻ֫תˮֱϣӦóΪĵطâֱ䴩һ󶴣Ȼڵⱬը֮УСֱӱ顣
ҶǰһȭŰ˹ȥһλȫŵô˸£еâ塣λŮ֪ԼһǿڣôǿİսǸ
ǵ۾Ͷǽۿбˡ
һ֮䣬ҶȭͷֱӴǰһֻݺݴĳ֫ϣǱҶҪֵĳ֫ʱӦϣֱӷңԶǿ֮Сţֻȭͷٴκݺݵ˰ͷ­֮ϣǿž޴Ӳͷ­ʱ˿µı죬ֱӷ顣
ҡţͬһҪɽ塣ʱֱײ˹ӹһˮ֮Уͬһشһݺݵػҡŵ֮ϣʱӦ˳ȥĹ֮аѷɢ
ҶȵڷŰվĵطӨĿͶλˡֱߣһһңݡ
ȫˣǸâȷӦŻȲѵӰҲȴ𣿡
ҡȵ˵ͷƽֱ˶һ
ȴˡλâȴûЩֱŻȹһ
ޱ飬ûκεķӦҶ˰֣ɡ
ǣâҶ㷽ȭӡ̣ʱϸ֮£ŷλâƺﲻԣɻʡ
һâ塣Ҷ˵ǻΪʹâһΪǿǿߡ
⡭λâ忴Ҷ㣬һʱ֪˵ʲôáâѾ㹻ˣȴֲòǰԶǿսҲ˵â壬ȷʵԼ̫ࡣ
ľǿȻȷʵΪƾʵ޷ֱǿߵϸ΢ȼ˵һȭ˺һȭʮεǲһ
ΣлλȡλɽòذڵҶ㹧һ˵ǵıʵ̫ˣҲֻǰţſһɶߵâӡԻ
ǳ֣ξˡµ˵
û뵽ﾹȻа塣ֻֻĦţһδģǹ۲˰죬оﲢаڵĵط֡
Ҫȫľ鲻²Ź֡Ҷ˵ⷬλж˲СĲ
Ҷ㵱ȻûȤ̵ܵǳɳֱӿżɽ
Ƿǽˣʡ
ǵġɽ弱æͷóʵǿһ˵Ķӳ
Ƕǽսʿ˵ΪԼøΪǿ󣬳Ϊ˾ĸ֣ǲŽһӣĴ̽գѰҺʵĽǿȴˡ
˵ţȴȣٴʩһ񣺡ĸ˾ܸ̾ʲôŴǿսʿҪ֪ǿһԭеƲѣµǱǼޱȵˡȻڽսȡ˴Ľչ漣ܷ͸¶һķЩҲлٶǿԼأ
ȿҲһֻۣǾҶߡ
Ȼλɽֱҵ˿ûпǰе˭ϴ
λâ͹ɵö࣬翴λʵʲ쵼ߣǼæҶʩһ񣺡𾴵ǿߣԭǵ˵ǲ͸¶ܰɣˣǱ㲻ٶˡ
ȷʵ⴫Ҷ˳ĻһȺ˵ͷٽԼĿϣʵ֮ԻǣǿӦǽˡӰҲҲ뵽֮УһͬٽĲ仯ǶԽ˽ȴ̫٣˲Ŵѯһ¡
Ŷǲһһӭλģâ۾ǿ˼䣬ǵң
£ܷϸ˵һ˵Ҷº͵ʡ
â弱æͷҶϸ˵
ԭȻֻ˰ʱ䣬չ׳ٶȴ졣ĳԱˣδϣ㽣ͳһһַ飬Ϊ˴ﵽһĿģԸԼһУҲԸʹһֶΡ
ĸ߲㣬ȴǽʮе곤ߣÿһʵǿ󣬶ļƼǻ۳Ⱥߣǵָ֮£ڿٽ
ڱϣֵüΪ͵ƺۣʵλâԺԭ˵ǣҲڵǿĲˣ
Ҷһеǡ


705 а֮
ǵľȻȷġҶ΢΢ͷ
Ȼˣâ˵ǲֻΪͼ£ҪıԲŹ͵ʾ֪Ĳ䣬ǵС俴أ붼ÿЦ
Ҫͼʲô£Ҷʡ
Ȼǽʥ֮ͳһˡò˵ĻᣬʱֵЦ˵
ȻָؿһȻעʲô˵ʲô˵
ҶﰵЩ˾ȻҲԵʱ忪˿ڣλâĴǵľˣЩ¿ӦŶԡ
ֻǾáָͷƺе
ҶͻȻЩˡЩɰģһ뵽ѪڵʼձǸĿ꣬ʱ˰ءֻ֪ǿɰһ棬Ƕʥвôֻò˶ãЩɰ˾ͻɨʥ磬ʥǵȭ֮²ǵĽ±ūۡ
ɰֻԶ۵ģκаĵԼǰǿ׿ɾֿɰġ
ǲλðɡҶ˵֮ǰȱ˽⣬ȴ֪ǲڡ
û⡣ɽ˵ͷԴﻺطɳһ˿˿͵ĹâҶƮ˹ȥҶġԴ
Щâ͸ɵԴҶǰҶʥӦȴһ֮֮ҶԺбʱ˽λãλȴΪգӰҲǺеλΪա
ãǲ֮ͻȥҶһͷأ
ǻɽ˵ʶǿ֮ǸʶԼĲ㣬ټӿֻ̿¾޷μӹʥĴսˡǽʮź֮¡
лǹʥ磬ʲôҶ㱾һ֮ʱȴͣ½Ųʵ
˵ʥﶼСɽЦˣˣҲһȭöɣ붼˼
˼ǣܺúõعһ˵񫡣ҲЦǿ˵ʱÿ˶ܵõǧѪūʱǸʲôǾͻʲô
ҵʿһѪúÿһ涼Щʲôָ˵̫ˣôѪ⾹Ȼ
˵ǷܺȴŮһͬЭǸâü˵鷳ѽҲȤѪ⾭ĳʽ֮󣬾ƾµѪȤѽʥ֮һҪ׽һȺŮǵôġ
˵еİʲôŮȻͳˡ֮󣬻ŮĽ嵹֪ʶԨһؽ͡㿴Ḷֻ́ܿ
ûϵѽâ˵ʱʿŮĵ壬ͿԿôγɵˣ
һһЦıҶɫȴԽʣǲܲ뽫ǽǣǵʿθ룿
ôˣǾâʱоЩԡ
ôǿʲô˿Խǽ裬ʿǵ壿Ц
嵹͡µԶƮŵİʬ
ǸҪʥȥˡ˵ֻޱȵѪȴûֿµİ壻ֻ˵ķݣûбǵķݡ
࿴ţȴͬʱЦ
ǶôģҶʡ
ôˣɽҲƵ
ûʲôҶ΢΢ҡͷɲ֮䣬͵һԾ˲ɽǰɽɴ۾ؿֻԼ֮һ߶ȵǿߣȫ֪ҪЩʲô
λâȴѾԣһתܡ
ҲʱҶһȭɽͷϣ׹֮УǾ޴ͷ­ֱӱñɢ޴ҡһ£˵ڵأ
ļλȫסˣ֪ô¡ɲǼ䣬Ѿ֣һâ׷һߵâ壬һҫ۵Ļ𻨡
ʱЩ˲ŷӦֵؼԶɢȥӵóҶģ
һ֮ʣȥһץбˮ۳һֻצһ½ǻץצУ循ֵطųҺ֮иֻ֣ȴеöצ͵һֱӱץһ״Ľ
ûܳԶҲ񵱿ջɱָûطӣȴҶѾһԼǰֵػعһȥֱסȥ·
һߣ񣬾ýָӲ͵Ϸȥ
ɣҶһһʥֱӷȥָס͵һ𶯣ָ㱻м
ˣˡ˹ƽ˵
Ǹ޷͡Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ˶˵Ǵģ˵ȴаħ
ԶûҪ˵
һǵӰҲȥҶ˵Ҫ̼죬̣
ǣһͷǰҶԶȥ
˺þãҶƽûڽдɱ䣬ΪŽв˶ɱ¾ʥΪ֣ҲӦò˶ͨū壬ͨħͨ
Լˡ̬رʹʥΪͬȵǵУЩѪǳһĴڡ
ôҲûҪЩһȱˡٲöԽĽ˴ȱ
ƽ֮ͻȻ뵽һЩֵ£̲סʻȣǵĻȴ뵽һ¡ǽ˲ûԱ֣֮ȴΪŮĸǵΣΪΪһ޶
޷شˡ˵Щ֪ʶǵ֮Ѿǵ֮УһȻľ顣֪ΪŮеĸսǿӲŮӯᡣ
Ҷ˳˼֮С
˵ȻǽˣôǱ㲻ӦŮԱ֣֮ΪǸǵԷֳӵԱĸȻǵ֮У˵ȲģӦŮ֣֮ͬԱĽŶԡ
뵽ȴһ
ΪԭռὫҵֻǵɺ
˵籾һǵʥ֮УΪͬϵԭռŻὫҵ
һоɺϣ˵Ҳһ㣬ǲ֪ңԶĹȥĳһοµı仯֮ʥзģ
һУȴ޴Ӳ֤ˡﲻһһԭռ䣬Ҳûһλڽ絮֮ڴ˵ĽˣԸҶңԶʱЩʲô
᲻񵱳ġħơһأҶ̲ס룺һǿޱȵʥһ֮УڲϵĽ֮յ˷֮ʥ죬֮дҲȫʥߵǻۣ˲ŻһЩѪе֪ʶҲǺ֮С
һУֻƲˡ۽ԴΣѾı䲻ʥвʵ
ҶҪģǽвĨɱܣҲҪСĳ̶ȡ
˼֮Уʱþ͸ˣ֪֮䣬ȴѾӰҲ䡣Ҷ̧ͷǰȥһƬޱߵĽءƽ̹Ĵط·һ޴Ľ壬һĸߵͲһʽͬС졣
ˣЩ֮з˳ȫâ˸ŷס


706 â֮
Ҷһܿƽ
ӡ֮УЩâ˶ӦڻߵЩһǿôâɱǸоҪЩԲܿ͸ӦЩâֻǧ˴ﵽˮƽâ֮ʵ𷽲Ǹâ𲢲ʥĵȼǳˮƽ˵Ƿˮƽ
ˣҲӡǵȫɼʵĽɣһЩѪüķ綾෨ȫںԶԶͬȼ塣
ǵ֮󣬲ߣҲߣҪǿҪѼ룬жٳǿߣ׻һ
Щâڵس˳һȣʱʹԭأһһ֪롣
󵨣ǾȻң˺ââΪ֮սƽֱȴҲеâĵɻ󣬲֪λ˷ʲô¡
ʱһʵڵâ˹ŻһȻʣ𾴵ǰ죬֪ΪĴ󣬶ʹǧ侫ӢŰһʧڿµк䶼ˡʱ쵣Σʹ䲻ڱˣѾƼΪµ졣Ѿˡ
˵ʲôȵ仯
ҶҲ΢΢üû뵽Щ֮ĶҲ˸ӣǻ۴ڵĵط
ѾˡǸâ˵Ϊʧ󣬺ǧ侫ӢöҪع鲿䣬ҪƲã
ӰҹҶ֮£ȷһŭ
˭˴󵨣һϵ𣬽ţһӰڰλǿâĴӵ֮£һл˳
Ҷλâ壬ӦӿĵâȻ֮ǰĻѷ£ȷʵҲһλ˲õĸ֣ǿߡȻλȡ֮λġӰ
ھҶ֮ĻѾȣٷһȽϵĻȱҪǿࡣ
Ӱ㾹ȻҳҲڲ֮Уȡҵ֮λ䡣
ôˣӰɻشŻȣȷȷʵ¶ȵı顣ôô֣
޹ءҶ֮˵׷ɱʧʥ֮УһˡҲڼͳ˧䣬ˡһ۹͡
۹ͣӰ·ЦЦһЦȣɤӻˣԴҲ˰ɣѾӰҲ죬ѾǲĹȥȴǲĽ
󵨣ȡ
ҪˡӰĿñ䣬ǿ߶ѾЧңΪµĽɣҲȫһҵģѾˣȰ㻹߰ɣҲâῴʵķ㣬ҪѰ·
߰ɡһλǿâȵ
ҿ㣡ֱһ̧֣ϻеĵâһ֧âȵâ塣
âȻǿ󣬵ڻһǰȴֽͬһ㣬жֱӱâ֮Уֵؼţڲ֮ţ֮Уǵâһͭ
ôӣһâΪģȣֱ̧âŻ˹ȥ
ҲǴâ֮ѸƶΣâ嵲סԼԱԼİȫ
Цһһֱ̧ųһâǼڿ߮ţһĵһ㣬Ⱥ󽫶ԷâֱɣȻڿػ˸ƹǰâ壬һֱǷżߵ֮Сâ巢ҽУ֮ǰһ㱻顣
ȣع鲿䣬Ϊɱ¾ͬ𣿡ӰЦš
ҹĿⶢסӰҪ߹ˡҽֱ֣ӹԹԵع䣬Զٻ
ΪʲôӰзŵâһǰǰâӢ֮âʱһԣóһ·
ҲҪ׷Ը䣬Ŀɨһڲ侫Ӣ
ٶӢԭĻʱȴĿ׷׵ͷֱӻȵ۾Ҷ֪ЩӦúǲ
ֻҪ׶ǡҶš
Ŀһֱ̧һâӰ˹ȥӰҲʾ̧໹һâײһ죬ųһҫ۵Ĺ档
̧䣬һâֶӰȥӰҲ֣ųâӭڿƶͬӰһ㣬âڿݺύϵػ˭Ҳû˵˭˸൱
Ӱȴ΢΢üܸӦȵ֮ǰͬƺ˲٣ĵâȻȶƽ֣ȴΪʹȫȴɫ䣬ƺ࣬ӱ֪ûоȫ
ӰЩ֮֡ԸҴ۶֮λΪԼʵȼΪӽǹƽȶȵʤ㲢ټԼ䶼ֺЩǿĲ侫ӢȻ԰Լһ֣ʱȾضȨҲѾ
û뵽ʧʵȴô࣡ɿʼ޴ѹ֮£ʼһеóȫƴųĵâһһǿǾ˵һǿĸо·Ѿѹס˻ȵļ
ʵϣȴڲϴĵԼֻޱؽÿһâ׻ƣݣ·ѾԼһĳȡ
Ӱڳױˣĵһ޷ƥеĸоھ֮УݺҧһӰҲսʿǣҺͽȻɱ
ǣЩʵǿľӢ֮Уʱаٶ˷ɿس˳ַһâŻȥ
ԥ֮лǰȻһս˼ȴٳٲԸ֡
Ҷ㷢һЦʱӭȥӦҲ֮ǰһֱųһˮ֮ǹӭЩâȥҶָ㣬֮ʥαװ˵âģǰ
һһͬʱޱȾˣǰٶྫӢĵâһȴҲֻǵƽ֣ڰ֮УûӰ쵽սеĻȡ
㲻ҹƽһսЦƽֱЦӰ鲻Խزܾƺǵﴫһغ׹УĺڰԨ
Һ㹫ƽһսΪԼ׳ǲ죬ֻһͽûбҪ㹫ƽһս
˭ǰǰʱҶһ͵طǰһǰâϮȵâǰ
âֻǰһҶӰѾԼǰ֮ȣһ̧ĵâ˳ȥ־֮£ҶǱ޿ɱܣʱȫС
âҶ㣬ȴ·ľ˸һ㣬ûͻƶ룬һɸΪǿֱӵŤŷԶԼͬ顣Ҷ˿δͣһȭݺݵشâ֮ϣʱһ׹ըѣâֱӱû˽΢ɢʣµİ·Ĳ׹ȥײڵϷһ졣
·ɥһâǾֵؿҶжġâ塱ŷǿֲһȭͬ巢ġ
ҶڿУעâ塣ĿƵζȴûһâڽսԽڷɳҶ㽻֡
һˮҶ߻ĿŨҵɱ⡣
һһ˴򶨡
ʱӰͻȻһС


707 ո
˵Ľ֮УѾȫռϷ磬ŵӰãȴڳһ˸޴֮УӰֱӱ룬ͬն֮һ㡣
ӰʹţһʱˣȴҲѾû֮Уһ󷢺ݣХ֮Żʮâȸ㲻ʮâӭӰļ֮
Ҳ⣡Ӱţתͷһâ壬ҪǸᣡ
ңĿһһȵҶ㡣
һ磬ҶʱᣬǰһƻӰͷ­һĻƷѶֱӴӰͷ­֮УӰǽٵؿסʹеһȫɢ
ţҶһǿʥӰͷ­һεİӰһʱ·׹ȥ
ҶȻŹһϺõĽֲ֮ڴ˵ش磬˹һˮӰʬߡ
еâ嶼ԭأûһ˸ҳ
׶ѳˡһâ壬˵ǷģڵĽɣӣȻԳȥǱϽɣվ
һâԥƬ̣ȴվ˳Щ˼һİ֮࣬ȴȫǲǿľӢ
Ҷ㣬ٴͳ֮⣬Ҷʱǰȥ֮䣬İٵĻֱЩâڡ
Ļ֮ȴʥͬȻҶţʥ֮й۲ṹȴ޷ʥֱʵֻʥȡ֮£ֲ֮ͬʥʥ޷쵽
Ļ֮ʱãʵʱֿʵ壬ȴǱ仯磬ʹָһ㡣
ĻλâڣǵĽ֮ߣܿҵһƴĽӡϵһӣʹʱ̴һְѿ״̬ߣӾͻٵʱֻʱֲܽߵű
ȴǽƲ»˵һǿֶΡ
ĻӲסʹ޷ƿһԽԽȻĻ֮ʱʱʵؽƶƵ㡣
ʱȴҲֻƿ壬ȡˡ
ȴҶԸЩâӦƶ㣬һ¶ϲɫԼ̧ƿ㣬ֱӷ˳ȥ
ȴ޲ֻ֮СˣϵĻеâн˿޲ãһâڼϸ΢Ѻ޸ò˶ʱգѺҲȫʧ
İٿӷ˹Ҷ㱾뽫ȫȡȴ˹ʾЩӽԼҶ㽫˹ȥ󣬻ʱֽ̧ԼϵĵâЩϣԭӰȫɣ֮һ֣һâʧȥЩӷЩâ壬ЩձȡӵâһԶſ죬ӷɹУȻ֮ȥ
ҶȻֿ˵ķǷУЩˣȴ÷ַƱȽϺһ㡣
ӭػز䣡һâæģȴޱ飬Ҷ㡣
ˡü͵ʡǽҪȥ𣿡
ȰǲáҶ˵
ˡȵͷ
Ȳһ죬ܿһľŵâ尲ġ䶼Ѱٺú󣬻ֱѡһӢߣҶһŽȥ
;УȴҲʮСͬĲ䡣һ·ǰ˿ûбܿЩ˼Щ䷢˽ӽʱһػɳԶԶؼǻȣЩһȫʵػصԼĲУλԼϷӹû˸Ҷһ䡣
ɴҲԼһƬ֮ежʢˡ
һ·Уڵ˽ڵ֮С￴һƬûЩŷḻԴĴɽֻǱռޱߵĺڰǺڰ֮УһĴ½һǴ½֮
ģҶ㾭κһȣȴҪСöࡣҶ㲻ɰԵͷعȷʵá
һ˽ӽ󣬽ʱһ˷˹һ֮ǰѲȫͬһȥ㲢ǿҶ˺Ϊһ壬սսط˹ʩһȻʣâǿߣǵƫƧֻżȻ𣿡
ȻǡҶ΢΢һЦתǵ죬ӰҲȴǰ䡣
⡭Եһ㶣Щ֪롣
ôѵ䲻ӭ𣿡Ҷʡ
弱æҡͷ̽ʣǿЦɣ
ȻǡҶҡͷ
ӰҲĴ䣬ǼǽĻǸζԴأεЦšǽֻһС䣬ӰҲôȤ
Ǵ϶Ҷ˵Ҫ̲䡣ǶڽܸȤǵȥʥ磬֮ͬԲŴ롣
ʥ磿ı
ǡȵͷҶʾ˵תǵ죬ǴųԸɣǽٶȴĿ꣬ǽʥ硣
Ժ򡣡αװľηɫصһͷɻ˲֮С֮һԽ֮ٵ߶˽ǰҶϸȴһɣȫ˸Ļƽˡ
ƽ䣬ĿϬһһҸƽսһ춯صĽսǿߡ
ǽ塣ȴʮнսǿ壬Ȼɽ͸ġɣǿޱȣȴҲҪѷɫ١ڽһӵмߵĵλӭӣǵӡ
Ҷͷ΢Цӭȥһ񣺡𾴵ĽǿߣӰҲľ⡣
ϵӰҲȣȴǺˣҶ㣬Ŀͣž֮⡣
ʥ֮ߴһâ塣˵ҲӰҲһ졣Ľ֮£ҲžӰҲ뵽֮С
ƽֱһ
ܵʥӰ죬һˡȻش޷졣
ǿߡҶ˵˶ΪһСĲ䣬ȴ֪ˡ
ô֪Ŀʡ
׳־ˣߡҶ˵ĵĲ䣬ҲСռƣԱʵȴһ֮ϡ
ˡ建ͷλγƺ
סҶ˵һ֡
㣬ȴʥ
졣ܸоҶǿҲλһ˿⣬΢΢ͷӰҲǴųҲȻӭɡ
˵ţתڶȥҶŻһͷһ˽˽֮С
ڽĴ֮£һ˲ߵһǰתָһâ˵죬Ĳڴ˵Ⱥɡ
һȥâͣǰֻҶڶȥ
λǣʱȴ̲סҶ
ǻʥ֮Уһλâ彫ʥ֮½ˣû֣ɡҶ
΢΢ͷȵĿֶ˼־ء


708 ֮ս
֮ڣһ·˶㡣
һ޴Ŀտװлʼһ񣬵վĽʮ飬ǰĸߴ֮ϣһλһҵĸ߹ߡϣĿһƳɵɢɫâĳۣ֮ϵ·Լһ˿˿Ļš
߿˽룬ͷ¶ЦݡĿºͣһεѹ
𾴵Ľ졣Ҷǰһʩһ
𾴵ӰҲ졣ƽȣӰҲǽ䣿Ҹеʮ⡣Ҫ֪䲢һ䣬ֻһСĲ䣬໳˾ۺһɣҲ֪ʲôĵط
˵ˡҶҡͷ߲ǿĴڡ
ĻҸеһů·һλҶ㻺ͷ
ⲢǿӰҲɣʡ
ȻҶͷֻǵʥ磬֪ǵжôΰֻŽγһǿͳһĴ䣬ϣյĿꡣ
ɢûġһλͷ˵
Žǿһλâ΢΢ͷҺܸˣâеǿ߾ȻҲʶ
Ҷ㣬Ŀдɻ󣺡ʵڲףΪʲô𾴵ĻᴴһλȫͬͬأΡƺǷɣԭҵʧ񣬵ĺܺ档
ΪѰͻơҶ˵ǿͻƵˡͻƾ޵ϣӦȴŬӵǿԶڽսȴвΪֲһȱңʹӵиǿĽս
֮һʱ۷׷ף˵ͷʾͬҲ˱ʾɻ
ȥֻΪǿҪʧȥ𣿡һλɽ΢΢ҡͷ
ȴò޿ɡһλָ˵Ǵڵ׷ľ磬ǵľٶȴڵ塣
ˡ˰֣֮е֮ʱƽϢҶ㣬ȤʣȻǸΪĴڣôܷһǵĺأ
ʲôҶʡ
Σһλɽ˵
Ҳ̫۸˰ɣһλָЦɽóľâóԶĵϵ
ʲôɽһЦ˲ܲԳλâǷӵǿĽս
ɡһλվ˳
Ҷǵһμʶ塣Ľһɫ·һƯһ㣬ߴﵽɣ֮ҲǴˣɽ塣սֻӲߴɼһߡ
Σ߿Ҷ㣬Цɸʿһս
û⡣Ҷͷ
ǺáλоӵĸǰǾ޴Ľ̤ڵϣײ졣
ĵ΢΢𶯡
Ҷ֮»˿ǿտĹʱøӿտվҶĶ棬΢΢һЦҿɲ顣
ҽΪӡҶóǿҲԲҪҵ
ܺáȻΪ⡣һһɶߵâսǿΣͦԼ¼ȭۣǱѾ漣ˡ
˵ãɲǵԶһλ˵һ䡣
޷ȻԼģЦŻ˻֡ʹκֻҪܽҴ򵹾С
Լ˵ġҶ㻺ͷ
ɣҸоһȭͷվԭأһֵӣſ˫ۣ˫ֳҶ㣬ڹ𣬰ڳһơ
Ҷ㻺ǰӽԷľ롣Ц⣬Ͼؽ˫ֱ󣬹ӣֻԼķ֮һ߶ȵҶԼš
˵벻ҪҵҶ㷢һ侯֮ͻȻһ¸߸ߵߵĲһԾ֮ȫʧҶһ±˾ͷλãһȭһ֮žӵϴȥ
һɣӳ˲ӺҶø׼һЩ
һ֮УȭͷӵһܽӴǺְһգ˲ڰ˽ȥһɾ޴֮£ӵԴҵذڶһһߣͬһɽײһ㣬˲˳ȥڿһתţֱű˳ȥ
ûо˵ȫڴ˿̱仯ǵԺһƬհףҶһȭ֮
λһʼҶսɽȷӦһһԾſ˫սסͼס
ǹ̫ǿˣȻӱסȴ޷ͣסĳƣ˾ȻһűȥۿҪߵϡ
ʱλǿߴһһͬԾ𣬵սž޴Ӱס˺֮£ǳһ¾ͱȫ⣬λһ𻺻ϡ
ɽվȴû취վѾҶһȭȫΣ޴İͷ­֮СϢѾʧʱΣˡ
ȥҽΣλɽ弱æţһλɱָϷһ棬ϰݵĸְи̽ڷ棬Сĵڷֽ޲ʲô
һŬ֮󣬾ӵϢȶʱһ֣һȺ彫̧˴ͳȥһҽˡ
ֱ漣Ҷ㣬ͷѾԽΪɽ壬벻
죬ҪսΪӱҶشҲǲߵۣλɽŴҶȥһ߼ʹӦҲҶһսļơ
⡭ЩԥҶֻһЦðܾʹ˽һøλ˽⵽ҵսһҲûʲôһҪ˵ǧҪҵܿ¡
ģҾԻóʮʮɽһʡˣֱӽ˫ȭݺݶԽһǡ
һ죬һ˫ȭ֮һƬ֮ȭϸ߽Ҷ㣬ͻȻһȭҶݺݴȭϵĽ֮γһ޴ȭӰǰ
ȭӰ˲ҶǰҶȴûж˼һһֻȭͷֱӴ˹ȥ
̫д˰ɣеһλɽ建ҡͷ
Ļ£ҶȭѾһ֮Уֻȭ֮Ӱȫ顣ţֱɽ˹ȥһֻȭͷ䣬ϻеâǿ
ɽţֱҶץ˹ȥҶСɵμΪץָһţӱʱת˷һȥȭɽһļ
УɽֱǼΪҶݺݵײ˹ȥҶԷӲƴ֮⣬ȴһȭڿһת۱һԣһײ֮󣬷һȭɽԴ
һȭ˵ӡ̫ˣɽֱӸܹҶдȴȱ˸æһײ֮ǰһʮǱطܿһȭ
ȻǱûС
һ𣬵Ҷţȥô֪ɵĻǱǿ
ãԸҶ㻺ͷڿУɽ年˹ָɣұ֤˽⵽ҵжǿ
Լ˵ģɽŴ󲽳ɸߵڴбýĴҲҡ
һȭֱȭӿһ֮⣬һΧסȭͷĻ
ҶֱȭȻûж㡣


709 ǿߵϿ
ɽǿҲǿʥԶʥ
Ҷڴʱ֤һ㡣
ǴŽľȭ֮ʣҶȫ޾ɫҲûж֮⣬ֻ͵ӭȥһȭػڶԷľȭ֮ϡ֮ų绨ҫޱȣ֮ķɸľ޴ɽ壬һȭ֮˳ȥ
ڵˤ˼ֱӹ˴ǰײǺصϡȻޱȣȴǱɽľ޴ײһµİݡ
߾ȵԱվš
ɽֻҶײȭͷһʱȫǴ͵ı顣ֻȭͷѾȫұ⣬뵽֮Уһֳֻһֹ״·һŵĴ󻨹Ƕ䡣
ôôɽˡСС岻ӵ
δذɣҶЦЦһλ塣Ҳ޴󣬵ҲǼΪǿ𣿡
ҵһ˿ȤһλһսĽ嶢Ҷ㣬ǰ棬޻˵֪أ
ҲһֱҪ˵ΪսǿĽһս֪Լжǿ󡣡Ҷ㻺ͷ
ⳡԻǴ۽硣ЦЦص֮Сɣ죬Ǵ𺳰ɡ
ڴҶŽӭ˹ȥ
Ҳ죬һġҶ˵ҲʤҲҪҡҽϢڽҲʲô֣е췢ս
¹ǫˡҶվĿϢء
Ϣ̧սʱС
Сġȵ˹սһ֣ڵ֮ʱǹ뱾䵽ʮ֮ҲǽսԶԿɵ塣
Ҷ㰵Լסȴɫ
롣ϢṴ˹֡
ǿĴڽ֣ҵҡϢ¹˹Էʾ𾴣Ҷȴ͸ⲻһķʹԼγ״ﵽٶȵ̬
Ȼû£Ϣͬһɫ磬ٿȻҶǰеĽɫսҶźݺݴһ֮ȫ˵֮С
һ˵ҶһɶߵɽɸСɽһľ޴ֻҲᱻһ̶
Ҷһÿǽһ𵶼ҶĲ߻żȴһ˿ļΪûκĦɡ
ϢĿһʱ֮²˹ҶһϢֱ϶ҶĲߺݺݻȥ
ҶǰһڶԷ֮һϢĵƱһԶȥҶȴ׵۽ǰϢͷɨ˹ȥ
ϢҲȷʵͷһͣҶֱ·ٵ˹ȥһն
ɫ磬ҶİУҶһ޿ɱܣ㽫һâ֮Уӭǵһ˹ȥ
ײһ𻨣Ϣ϶Ħ֮Ҷϵ绨䡣֮ȴûܵеùâ֮Ҷ󷽣Ϣâ
Ϣԭվлӵնһǳɣâȫնơ
ȴ΢΢زΪâʵ̫ˣ
ûпҶȴȫ۵ס΢΢һЦ̧âϢȫΧԼɲǰֱϢȥ
Ϣ¶һ˿Ϊ˲ĿЦ
âȫ·֣ܿҶĹػЩâЩâΣѾȫˣʵûаٽâҲն
ɡ
ӲͷƤҲϣοԼе֮ϢӵֱӭҶ㣬һǰȥȴǽֶҶŵȥ
Լźȥ֮ȭͷȫһâ֮֮󣬴һȱڣæһȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһ˽𵶣Ϣ׷ȥ
ϢĿһ¶һ˿֮ɫǱʱڿһתҶıݺնȥ
ϢһȭӭҶ㣬һʱʮȭȭȫҶУеĶȫʹܻԿһ𵶡
ʱâȴͻȻζٵǽ𵶶ȥâԶʤһ𵶣ϣʱ𵶴תɳֱ˴Ϸн컨֮Уֱû
Ҷȫֻǰǡ
ϢȭҶβȭյıȭȴһЩҶȭ֮ҲʮȭӭȥÿһȭԷȭͷ
ײУϢƺһĺˣһƨˤڵϡ
Ҷԭزֻȭͷȭеâһҫâ֮ͬǡ
Ϣ˫ȭȴȫΣʮָͷͬҰһеĳȥеأеָ߰һ
ֻ֣ȴǶϵˡ
ڽ˵˵ҲʲôֻҪú޲һҲˡⲻҶٴθпĺôʺսսʿ֮
ϢܷվҶĿ֮УһЩ𾴣ҲһЩη塣
ȷʵϢ֣صصͷҴδôսʿʵ̾Ϣ磡
ǿսʿҲӱվ·һ·ҶǰЦŵͷǿ߼䣬Ҹʲôְλлأ
ҲΪְλҶ˵ֻΪǵ
ãߵͷҽһ£ҽ棬ˣ졣Ȼֻʱģһҿ졣˵ͳһ˽Ľ֮
һڲԶĽһܵҶ˵
̫ǿˣǿùκһλǿߣ֮Ҳʤˡ˵ǿҵĲ֮£ǿ߻֪ʥ֮£ֱ͵ˡ
ʥȷһõطҶ˵ֻͨʥʥͨͨħֻͨ²һ׵¡Լˡ
ܹϣ˵ʥ߲ôеҪħ֮ȻҲĴȥ¡ǲͬżеҪˣǻᷢһܷϣֻҪŬĿһܴﵽ
֮ѾԸӰҲˣҶʡ
ȻһͷǿҲǿĲ䣬ȴԴɣ˽ǨƹʱúһӦøĵλΣ
ҲáҶһͷʾ˻ȥǨ
ҿǵȥϢ˹ǿɳһǧɽǿߣǽ䶼ƹ
ǿʵҶװȡ
ģֻǲһ֡һЦɣλҽǲιһĽ䡣ǻ˶ԼľޱӢȷ
ڸһ֤漣Ҷ㹪һ
滺ǰЯҶȵ֣Ŵڲȥʮͬǿ߸߱ţһ˸һСݡСʲôҲûУųһ棬ʱ·¶ȥ֮ͣ
һ֣ӵһǽƿ¶һ޴ĵ
Ľ䡣˵


710 λ֮
俴ûж󣬵½ĺȴʮ־ˡκ˶ȥעһнĻ֮أҲ˶ס̫صĴ½ﷸɡ
Ǵ½֮ڣȴĲ磡
ÿһ磬رĽһΰӡաصľЩǾס֮أ֮Ҳһ֧һصӡ
ĽţȥһƬ
Ľ࣬Ĳϵر磬ҪڵĽˡдĽ˶ǿʮ壬һЩС壬ֻеһЩԵĹ͹һ
Ǵ廹С壬ÿжһϣ֮⣬˲ŻеĶعâ
Ҷе¡Ⱥɱʥ硭롣
Ҷͻȡһһزιһ飬ȻŻص˵رĴ֮СǼƶСݣŴ΢ЦҶ˵Σڵ֪ʵ֮кθ룿
ʵǿ󣬳֪κһ塣Ҷ˵
ҡҡͷֻڵǿĲ䡣ǿһ֧ɵġ䡯ڶǿǽɵġֲ䡯ʵʤǡǣȴǿҪøǿѡҲõʵ顣
ǲҪʲôҶ˵õֻԼ
ǡ滺ͷԽˣԽҸеѰ졣ʵڲ֪ӦøʲôĵλŶԡ
졣ӭҶ˵λ˫幪һ񣬡Ҿÿ䡮º֮λ
ºҶһ
ʥСڡвһЦǸѪȴҪװɽˣЩǿɲǡڡ
ġҶţǰȻǰ츱֮ͷγƺʵѾһͬľλƣ֮У߲ΪĸȼȻңֻһˣȴַΪɸߵǡѺºٽβ󡣡
ô˵ºƺһ͵ĵȼˡҶû뵽Էôȴװ˲̫˵ӡһڵλһλѺ
ǡ˫ĽҶ΢΢һ񡣡ѩӡ
ԭȻһλѺǰȥӭǣǰҶ˵ͷŨ
˶ظоеĲ
һ䡪űһܵˣֱʲô𣿡Ҷʡ
ҵλͬϢºѩӻش𡣡ľӺɽѣǲ
ˡҶ㿴ѩӣ΢΢ͷôܻѩѺǷͿԵõѺĵλˣ
ڵıֳʵԿԻҡѩҡҡͷλǰ뵥ƾʵôףκҪõߵľλȥսѵþλߣôñ˶֣ǲԼͽԼˣ
ҶڵλҲûرĿҶ˵Ҳǿõ˵ضѡʵȴ֮ϣܵĸоԣº֮λĻһѩѺսӦӦսҶ֣
в𣿡ѩӷŭˡŭŭȴûҶ㶯֡
˶ףȻǺҶһ˶ô˵ֱӵ˫ɱˡ
ѩѺΪвôвˡҶ˵
ѩӿҶ㣬Ŀ䣬ƺɱӿǳٳûж֡Ҳûһ£ʹ˽˶֪ͲҶ֡
ѩѺȷʵʺϡʱЦЦεա죬Ҫļǻûо𣿡
ôʲôĵλҶʡ
Ҷ֮ǰѾ⡪ҪõߵĵλȻλǿĲ䷢ͻʹ޷ĳޣս
ȻԲȫȫӵͳһҰĵӣٿýͳһ±Ƶڡˣʥپͦǰľ޴Σ
һ硢һ磬Ѿ㹻£ټһ磬ʥεֿЩߵΧ
ʵΰ룬һĵʧĻ˵üƯ˼ţκҶĿޱϣҲޱϣ죬Ը½ɣӣԱʾԽľҳϣұԺԥ㡮֮λ
˶Ҷһһı顣
ǽڱ浭Цš
ɣѩӵķӦǼҡ֮ϵΨһͳߣԲ˷Ȩ
ֵĵλ˵ӰҲֵĵλ
˼ѩӵķӦȻҡֻǹƺûʲôԼ⣬ƺǱҶ㷽ŵŵֻԼһԷԵĻҶҲԼս
ԸΪµĽɣӡҶ֣صͷᶨΪ˴˵ĹǣԸΪŽɣӣ
ʲô壡ѩӺһһŽɣӾ㹻Ҫˣһźô
㻹ףֻұҳϵķʽҶ˵ҴԶΪԼҵһȺ־ͬߣû뵽ȴȨ̫ʧˣ
Ȩģ𣿡ѩЦš
ΪĲǵλϣҶſڴº֮λȻȻܣ֮ǰոջѩѺϢѩѺʱ˵Ӧôº֮λȴҪΪͬ屨𣬹ѹңҴųȴСżѵӦ𣿡
һ죡ѩЦšоԼ˵Ҷ㣬ԸɴʲôҲ˵ˡ
һһԺȭҶ㶢ѩӡ
ͲλȨʵǿĽԼսͿԽ֮ýʵһ֡
ѩȻϵǲҶ㣬ʱֻȴҲˡ
ˡ˰֣ĻˣΪȥȴΪ˵õʲôȨŻҪƵġôˣ˭ʲôֱ˵
˵ţĿɨˣһڽʱͷȥûһٱʾʲô顣ѩȻвʣҲ˵ֻҶĿг˵⡣
ǡҶ㣬ԸŽɣ𣿡
кβɣҶһЦҲΪ˽䣬Ϊ˰ϣӵͬһ벢Ϊ֮ЯַܶǸ湦ΰҵԴˣֻĵľ塣ǿ·ܶҵҡûȨ֮ģûб֮⣬ΪβΪ½ɣӣ
á滺ͷһ̧֣Ǽ֮ʱɳö˰ƴĽɣö·ӿ˿˿֮ذȴʼѿ
֮һ䣬öӵѿʱǿֹ
滺¸̨Ҷǰöӵ˹ȥ
ҶӹöӣȻ˵Ŵ죬öֱӶ˿СΪ˷ʹթſƣſͣؿԼеöɣӡ
󣬲һȥٴſչʾ
ҸӦˡ˵öɣѾڣ˵ԽաԴʱ׾ǽ֮еλҵ
μʾ֮£Ҷ㹪ʩ
Ҷ㵭һЦ
֪ԼѾɹ˵һҪڶôˡ


711 ҽ֮
֮иԡ족ʱ䣬ΪǱͲҪճϢǵƣֻǾ˥ʱֻҪӭǴڽľ޴չԼſԼò˶þָܻ
ʥʱۣʱ
ȻҲмʱ֮ΪࡱָľǻָҪʱ䡣ԡࡱΪʱ䵥λʱķʥȴǴªöࡣ
ʮ֮ӰҲ䶼ת˹ɳһˣæµŽӰҲĴ½½ںںϵķʽȻڵĲ֮ټһˡ
ԴӰһвۼҶͻȶû˵ʲô˵ԼҶ㣬ѾΪеġһȴɵȻһ㣬ҲоԼܵƽ񡱱Ĺ塣
ںϹǳϦ֮ҲǸ߲ʿĵ£ЩɾˡҶļӷʽȴ̡
ӷʽڵڶ½УĲ½ϵĽȫۼ˵ڶ½֮ϣ¡صʽʹ˾УǶüʹʽ߽Ҷһ仨Ⱦ䵽ʥ¼
ĽˣͶʥҰģ˵Ҷʥ磬ʱ˾һ˷ܵòˣ·λò˶þܴһɱʥ磬һūѪ߸ϵ˵һ㡣
ҶǼΪεġΪɣֶȥóѣֻƿ˵ȡȻַͨʽʹɣ˵ҪλãñǿȡĻô߱Ȼ
ȻȻ֪סʵֻһʥٰöɣӵ类Ҷֱ֮УҶ첻ɰв
ɴˣҶҲֽ˵һ֮ǽ֮ҲҪԶȴһ٣ǰϵͳֻֻнûųڰˡ
ĽˣһҪ֮ȴҲؿڴһ±ôٿٶȥ޲Ҳ޼£ֻᵱ
ֱ̫˼ˡ
Ҷ޷󣬵ȴᶨ뷨ȻҲԴʥ磬˵ȱȻʥʥˣ
һ뵽Щ־÷̡ԼȴһūԼķ̡
Ҳڤڤ֮жǻԼɡ
֮ܲҶʱڲͬѩӼҲùٲа䲻ڡҶҲֳ˿ȣѩӿúܣñ˿̲סгλȡ
ʽãҶҵ档
ʥܸӡ֣ص˵綼Ѿʥ֣ԼʥеļʥˣӦϹϷʥ硣ٲȡжֻ½붯ʱҲˡ
ʵҲżֱԲ䡣ȴûκΰ취Ϊ֪ͨţǵʵ޷ȣȴֻǸż£Ҳ뵽İ취ɣ
ⱾѡҶһЦ֮ϻ䡣
˼ǣƺҲ뵽ַֻȴ˵˫۾ؿҶ˵
ֲǵĴûᡣҶ˵
ô죿ʡ
ܼ򵥡Ҷ΢΢һЦֻҪҵϢȫ͸¶ͳˡ
ô򵥣ɻʡ
ô򵥡ҶһͷͬʱҲҪӰҲΪ¹ȥԽԽá
濴Ҷ㣬۾･ųһĨʡҶЦˣ֪λѾԼ˼
˼Ϊǲ˻ΪΪܵ˲ƽĶԴȻȥҲ˵Ķ֮УȻìܣǴͳ
ȻΪҶһЦһơ
ܳɹ𣿡Щ˷ܵʡ
ǾҪҵıˡҶ˵ΪȡڶԷһʵ͸¶һЩĵϸ㹻ӣҲʹǸңʹ׻С
ЩأҲվᱻ֪滺ͷʵҲѾپ˭עˡðɣЩԼվͺá
ôңҶЦˡ
䣬һĵλŵЦˡ˵ʵ㣬ѿ͸ЩĿļһûκ
ȻҶЦˡȻˣӰҲͽˣ뿪ΪȡڵˣбҪһЩ
濴Ҷ㣬̾һΪξͲԭѩѺأ
¿ҲһܹɡҶ˵һȡ
ˡ΢΢üһҪѩѺɣ
ֻش֮ޣᱳҶ˵
˼ţ֮˵ͷȽϢȥȻ㽫Լȥɡ֮ߡ
Ҷ㿴棬Խλߴ󲻼򵥡
˵ҶԽ˽⣬λѩѺ¾ǳ֮Ĳһˡĸ֣۱ɫԽˣҶɵԽԽ⣬Ұĵóѡ
ȺܴߣҲߡӰҲâ壬Ľ䣬ڽУҲҪжĿʱҪƻ䣬Ⱥڵе룬ܷӴá
һ׼׵֮ҶѩӾסĸ֮С
ûйǰ˵ĶĿĵǱСѩӾס֮õ׼ϢֱӾͽѩڵ֮С
Ķ㣬ڲ˸ָĽѩӾֽԣԽ֮壬µ
ʥ磬ѩ˱աˡ
ʱѩԼĵǱڿ·ɣɵһ鱻߻ڿеĽնһƬһƬ͸һɱ⣬ȴĽ飬ȴ·Ŵһ㡣
Ѻɱη尡ҶԴڷ룬ѩһЦ
˭ѩӴһ𵶹âһ֮Ҷֱ̹ҶЦű˫һۼ𵶼֮ʣѩȴҶ㣬ʱûַǽ𵶾ҵһһ·ɻߡ
ѩӼæ°ݣٵеɱ⡣
ѩѺǰЩ˱ɣҶЦʡ
ңѩӴҡͷ
㲻ңҶЦһʲôңҪʱ뽫ѹľλ֮£㻹в֮£
ѩȴҲǸӵˣʱкһȴվֱӡʱոռ뱾䣬δĸΪѣΪѺ⣬кδ
ûдҶͷ޴
עԴǣѩһʹҲ
˵ţǱ𵶷С
ôҶЦһ㾹ȻҶ֣
ʱջ㷽ŵĻ֮ķ¹л㣬ҲҪΪ飡ѩɱ
ҪɱңҶЦˣЦ
Ȼɱ㡣ѩһЦ֮Ѻ°֣ǿҲ˲佫һɱֻҪ㲻ܽ˲ɱұɽǺ֮£һ
ǴΣҶЦʡ
ʲôģѩʵ
˲ȡҶЦ˵ӮˣȻӮˣô㾡ϰٸһһɱΣ
ѩӴŭ֮һںøƣȫ½âſʱҪԼ¡


712 󺺿ʯ
ǧһ֮ʣҶȴֻǵһЦ
ɲǼ䣬һĻڷһ±ײѩӵ֮ڡ
ЩΪ幹죬ԭһԵںҶȴͬǸʥγʲôӰ죬ֱӷǿĻ꣬ԷڿƶԷ
ټҶѾԽ˼˽⣬˿ǸǼ죬һɲǼ䣬ѩӱѾȫҶס
ǿҲһݵ֮ͣʱҵ
̶̵ֻһ˲Ҳ͹ˡ
Ҷǰʥޱرʥľͬʱѩӵϣλǿߵһ±˱һƬ˳ȥײһǽڣֱ·Ĵ½
ˡҶ΢΢һЦ䣬ȥ
λãѴԺ֮УʱɱѩٲֱͣĿȥ
һ֮һֱڼһе棬ʱ䣬ֻɳһЩĸ֮ˣʼɢסɱѩ벿Ϣ
ҶȻöЩ£һȥͺˡרĵظ·һ·ǰڵһǿĲȥ
Ϊǿʮ壬ͶС壬ǷֲǺ֮Уȫûʲôֵһʮ֮Ϊǿģ塣һ˶Ȼȴǿǲ˽Ϊηһѻ˻൥ʹĹ˵ǧ򻯣ԶâֻܽâαʦԱġ
ΪǵǿʹС岿ǣΪǵȻ٣ȴȻ齨ΪӴĲ䡣
ˣӵн˿ڣʵȴֻһǧˣ˿ռݵıСĳ˵ȴ֮Ҫ˿ڶɸɵġ
䲻ͬǣֻܳΪ߲쵼ߣκ֮УֻǸӹմȨ
Ҷ㣬ڽ׻þ޴Ȩ±㲻ôˡ
ΪƾҶֶΣ᲻ȨҪһ껹׵ġ
ķйҶ޴Ĳǰ
ӵһ޴ޱȵĽ½½֮ϸָĽԶƽâǰֻνôҲһչֳǲʵ
Ҷؽӽĥ£ͻȻȴ֮һ˳ɱһ·ǰԶǿնȥ
һսʿǧˣһɫȫ壬ʵߵ͸вͬﵽʥҲ֮ࡣǴŶ飬һ·׷ʹһλ֪ǺĽˡǽ߽ɣһ֮ͭɫȴǼª̫࣬˵׼һ󺺡
׷ɱȴ޾ɫȻһ·ӣȴԲʱͷЦų֡
һ֣ǿձһҵ𵴣Ķһ󶯵⶯֮Уûκжȫ·һֻסһ㣬ֻӾȴ޷
ʲôҶ㲻ɺ
Ȼ֮⣬λȴѾû˱ֻͣܲǰӡķٶҲ˲ҹάȻǱ֮裬ʧ֮һܿٵ׷ǳ󺺡
һӽ󺺣еĸֱʱ̧˫֣ٵطһ֮ǿ󣬶תУ͸Ϊ¡ǳȴ⣬һƱһ𵴣ȻЩоͷ׷֮зɢˡ
ҶһȴԼħūʥʥķҲֻ֮Ƿ𵴲ȫûλôԷһ޴ǧ˶С
ʥ𵴲ɱǿλ󺺵ȴȻǸȻΧ޴󣬵ȴûκɱ
֮һ壬ǲŽҶ㲻ɰ롣
ԣҪôǻĵˣ֪ô䣬⵽׷ɱҪôǻͽʲô֮±ֶ׷ɱԼܰ׽ס󺺣ȴǿٽӽ߲ķ
һ䣬ҶǴɶȥ
˷֮ȴǻ⣬Ϊ֧Ԯǳ󺺵ġһüͷһ壬˰˱ӭҶУâ壬ٸ˿ɱ⣡
ҶҪԽͣһӵȴѾ˻ĵзһ½ΧǼƾҪֱӷʬ
Ҷ㲻һüЩҲ̫˰ɣҲʾֱӳɱˣΪǵ£κū
ʱһȴͻȻǰɣֱӽĵĻ˿Զǳߴ𣺡λâѣ㲻ǵĶ֣Ԯ֮ҿʯˣл㻹ǿ߰ɣģҰ㵲ǵĻУӾˣ
Ԯ֮ĳȴҶ󺺿ʯøдһʱ䣬ȴ̿Щ֮֡
˱ˣΪ˴¶İĽˣ֮ɱãֺ壬СҶȴνд²СڡۣĳĽˣҶӿֻϧ֮ġ
ѣȴˣҶһЦӭǰȥ
ͷһ·лâ˿˿ǰ֣һɳľ޴зǿնҶ㡣
СİʯһʱѾӽУȴҲֻԹ˵޷ԮҶ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ׹֮УһȭתݵĻ֮ϡʱǾ޴һ鿪ͬһɢķȻЩƬٴһĻ˿
ǻ˿֮УҶֱӳ壬Ӧһȭػ֮СҲûһֱӷ˳ȥײˡ
üһ赲幥Ŀʯɴ۾Ҷ㣬ɾ
Ҷ㼲ǰȭ꣬ʱߵļúɳȥһ֣һâ˲ɱʮǿߡʣµɴ۾ȴǰֻԶԶӿ
Щһﶼ֣ĻУҶҲֱӷ˹ȥЩлϣ׷ʯͷļһԼײķѣȴһҲû¡
Ҷʯһľϲȴһ𺳣һʱٴСǿ߼æˣȴֳһҶӭ˹Ҷ㵲ס
Ҳ뵲סңҶЦһ̧֮һִƼɣ·һĴһ㡣Ҷֶ裬ƶɨķʮǰҲʩչֱӱɨУ˲䱻˽ڵΡ
еĸִʧɫʱһ̧֣ϵĻ˳·ڶֱſз͵һ±һѤĻ䡣
ȴûκιʮ֡
漴۷ź⣬˫һȦ֮ʣһĻͬһʻһɣΧתǻԽԽ͵һ·תֱҶ˹
Ҷ΢΢һЦ̧֮СԭҰзһըһĩתĻ֮Χ͵һײȻȻըĩ֮£ȴȫʧȥЧҶобһһ㡣
Щαװȴʾâ֮״Ҳ˵⣬Щȴ˿ơ
Ǿ㵵ĿУҶɳһƬըĻ˲ǿǰ
ǿֻüһУ㱻ҶһŰԴ߷ˡ


713 һֲ
ҶһɰѶŵòᣬһ֮ͣԭأȻǰӵУʵ൱ĸ֣ʱҲǾһһ㶵ģȫס
ҶɲǻָĻᣬ̧ʮ˵â˳ȥֱλǿߡһķӦҲͬһӦģæŵ滤ֵܵӦλֻüų棬ͱһâֱС
ҶĵâʵǵâֻαװɵâһԷ壬ĵâըȴ˲佫ȫԷ׸⽹ۡǷģͻֱӱ߽⣬ȥҲǱըһ
λǿߵķֻǽ֮ճһźɫΣðǺ֮Ʈţ˳Զȥ
û滤ܷס˵âλҲܣЩâײڻ滤֮ϣȻסʱһγһ֮һ½ŵ滤ͬλǿһ
һﵹǷӦ٣ʱһҪԾ
ҶȻᣬһĻȥ㽫
һѩӱֱϵ£ĻһѸٵرҶס̧־Χҷų˺üʮУɱΧ޵ɢӣʹҵòΡ
Ļ֮ۿҪԷ֮ʣҶ㽫һգͬʱ彫滤˷˳ȥʧȥ壬ʱ˲ͱ޴Ƭ
Ǿŵ滤Χˣֽǻ١
ת֮䣬λŵǿȫҶʰŵ˸һηǰҶ֡
ʯҲǾ˫ԲȻҶսҲˡ
Ҷһ·ɱȥʯʱԶĻ֮ȴͻȻɱһ֧Ƕ龹ȻˣоȻһǿսʿʣµȻСɵĶ飬ԱҲСеǿߣС
Ҷʱ׹ŵеĻ滨䣬һĳֶΣֶͨԮ
ݣһһҶУǿС
ͬвͬĴ취ֻҪǻ۹ã಻ԶԭĿꡣ
ѣ߰ɡҶ˿ʯȡ
ѣҲܶ㲻ܰʯȻ֮ģţȴ͵һ³˹循֮ʣɱΧҶߡ
Ҷ㿴ªĽˣЦˡʲô֮УĻڡ
ʯˣԴҶ̸Цݣⲻʹÿʯ塣
æش𣺡ǡ塯ˡѣʲô֣â壬ǡâû˵İ
ҽסҶ˵ȷʵâ壬âһˡ
ǡˡʯ̲סš
һھǰҲԼЩ뷨һֱˬˡҶϲˡ
â壿ʱԷĴǰʱͽҶʯΧΪ׵һλ۵ǿüҶ㣬Ŀ͸⡣ԣâʱˣ
Ҷ㿴λ壬ҲЩ죬ΪλȻȴתޱȣȻһλŮˣ
岢â壬Ҷ˽⣬ȫ嶼ʹԼĹܴ֮ﵽһ΢ƽ⡣徹ȻŮԣ֮ˡ
ҿŮƺλͣеԼΪѵǻϵĴڲɣ
ѵ죿
ҶһԼǰ˽һ»ĵϸˡ
㿴Ҳءʯָǿ˵
С쵰Ϊ֧Ԯӳ죡ʱŮһλǿ
㷸ʲô£ҶЦʿʯ
ûʲôʯٺٵЦţֻѹҵˣɱȥһǼѹ˵ļһٰ칬˼ѡ
ġҶ㲻ҲЦ
ôӣһλǿߴ
ʱŮȴһ̧֣ʱ죬û˷
ͻȻˡŮ忴Ҷ㣬´š˵ӰҲΪһ壬ӰҲĻȴһλֵâһ˽䡭ѵâ㣿
ҡҶ㻺ͷâһ죬ף
Ȼ㣡ŮĿһ
˭Ҷɴֱӿʡ
֪Сһλ岻ЦȻǲĲҲʶȻһ³С
СΣҶЦСȴһ㹻һ죬أ˶ãƬλӣ
㣡λõɴ۾ȴ˵
죬ΪˣΪҪɱҵˣʱӹñ۶סҶ㡣
ֻ·ƽѡҶЦ˵ָָʯôһλͨͨĽˣǾȻǧսʿ׷ɱȴ̫ƽˡֻһλ൱ƽ䣬ǽɳҲ࿴һۡ۹±ˣ㲻ܲܣ
Ҷ㣬΢΢ü
㻹֪ѾΰΪ˽ġ𣿡ҶЦλ֪˶õţȴõС
Ŀʱ͸һɺ⣬ǳɱ⡣
ôӣһСΪԼΪССʲôܺǺǿ֪
ǿ֪ҶĿһǽʵ˽ģɣǲѾӵһϵ˿ڣгԱʮǿսʿǻ㣬ȴҪЩС׳棡
ʲô⻰ȴе嶼һ
ʯҲ˰죺Թԣ˵һƫƧطСôӵһϵ˿ڣ
㿴ֻǱ档Ҷװ˵ǽĵȴĲ磬ÿж鲼סǿޱȵʮսʿʵѳԽ˻䣡֮ǰֻΪٷչʵѣЩ޴ļһΪСˣǿЦ
˼˼Ҷ㣬¶һļµЦݡҶڽͻȻȤɣ㲻ҪˣҵĲ֮кúһģҽһԽӡɡ
ǸҶЦȴҪ·ûʱįŮˣ
㲻Ҳ£УͻȻԽڶҶͬʱĵȦҶºͺ󷽣Ҷ·ȫ
ΪƾǵңҶЦ
ûЦʧΧһλȻ֡˿˿ϵ·ţ˸һֿµĻ֮⡣һ̧֣һ˲仯һֻ֣ͷҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ΢һæּ̧ųһ׹ȥ赲ȴƺǻӰһ㣬һ¾ʹǵ׹⣬ٵҶϡ
ɣʯʱͱˣҪֹҶȴѾһɽشˣ
޴֪СЦţȻġ۽طҲ֪㱻һɷһѣ
۽ط
Ҷһ֮ʣȴǻӰһĻ棬Ѹٵسķ㣬ͬ޿ײˮһ뵽֮Уһڲʱȼȴɢ¶ȣֻǲϰһֿµʼֽ
⡭
ҶȻ


714 
û뵽֮лֱ˵
ҶһʱоЦáһʦԷȴַԸǼֱԲ
ҶҲ̫д󣬱ϾЩӰһû¶ȵĻ浽ʲô֪ԻСĵȡ˾¯ֱԾ¯֮Щټ
ЩȻ֮ȴǻġĻꡱ߻֮Σȴûл˵һ֡桱ʱĳЩȴȻΪֽϡ
⵹Ҷ㿪۽硣ⲻþ¯𣬶ǽѹһű¯УԺооͨ˵ʹʦǵٽһ
Ҷλ廹ΪԼ֣¶˵ı顣ʯһ߽Ųãȴһ߷ȫһʱ𵴲Χۻܣв˭ƴļơ
ʰһһּųֱ֮Уһſʯȥ
ʯȴ·֪ԷĵϸȴӭŶԷϣֻǹӰڳ񶷵ļƣ͵һȭԼǰһ޴
Ƿǰ;ȴͻȻһ٣潣һǰһȴϿ˳ȥǰǵһ֮УƬ֮ͱ߽⣬ֻǽСͻ𽣣ſʯͷȥ
ʯһȭ𣬾ȻЩ𽣷׷׻ơǳҶͷȥģ㼱æΣཫ֮ơ
ʱҶȴѾɹշǻӰ棬Ŀһλʹһһ֮Լ˹
ĿÿʯԮԼΪҶ΢΢ͷͬʱȴҲųĻֱԼ塣Ļһû˵ǿʱһݵ
ǵȷǿҶӦǵѩӲѷɫ٣ԼȴҲֻǶݵʧѡ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ҷһֱ̧֣ӻϡĶʵ̫ˣ廹ΪѾǵ۽طסȴڴ֮ûзʱ־ԮԼͬȴҲѾˡ
ֱӻϣ߶ûһ㱻һŽڣöڵһ˳ȥ
üһոս彣ƽĿʯòһͷϴ
λ屻Ҷʵ֮ʣҶȴѾͻȻ֡ǰ̧֮ϵâֱϮʯλ幥˹ȥ
ǸҲǿһ³滤ܣԼεرĻܣαҶ˫ȭ֮£滤еʱ飬һ滹תǰֵҶȭ꣬Ҷ׵֮ȭѾȻ֮ϡʱһ޴İݳؿڣӾҵһΣֱӷ˳ȥ滤ȻΧתţȴʾλǿ߲ûȥҲûлʡ
ȻΪҶĿֻǿ߽սȻԸˡһȭҶȭͷķ֮һӹǿգԼ·ȥ
ʱѾ˫֣ʮ֮һƺҪγʲôµķҶ˹ȴû׼ʱˣһҧƷķֱ˳ȥ﷢һ
ǷƳȥһɲһĻȴҶ˳ֱ塣ֻԼһ㱣ȻҲ֪ôģͽƷķƵƫ˷ֱҶͷλͬ
ʹǰƷһҲž޴ڿзһֻľצֱϿץȥǸȻҲ׼һͬǿķ״һ˻ߵش𣺡𣿡
Ȼ󣬱Ʋֻ֮ýͷһķҲ˳ڰ۳һֻצצȻ죬ӳΧǿһƬ
ۼƬ֮䣬λֱɱһλشսʣƺҲҶȫѹסĿⲻһ䣬֮䣬Ĵ͵ضҶɱһ½ҶʯΧӰ֮С
ƴˣʯһҧ
ƻòƴҶ΢΢һЦȻ򲻹ܰ
ܣʯһܵõⶼΧøͰһˡ
Ҷ㿴ҡͷһ̾ȺߣԼֿɷſʹʮֻǿħū޺ʥҲδûЩһһƴ֮ȴҲֻʥսȴ̫ˡ
ڻĻԭⶫЩֹȻֻƬ̵ЧӦͨ˵ܽǱɿܵǿҶһĻ룬һ˰ٵĻ꣬ڣһ±Ӷǵ־ǵ壬Χҵط˻С
һ£ʱס˭Ҳ벻ԼͬȻԼ֣һҲûУһ֮Уаٶֱɥˣռһ롣ҪһĹȫˣΧȦҲӣٲͰһ顣
ߣҶһʯڶ˳Ǳҵһǳɱ˳ȥһĻ֮ƿǰͽת֮ɱΧſʯԶȥ
ߣһȴһ͵ȼ𣬷·ǿ֮ͻȻһֻ̫˫۷ŻĹâΧȫһ޴ĻΧҶӶ
Ǿ޴ĻͬһɢĪĻ羫һΧ裬漴һŻ͵һ±ĻͬһһԻ죬ͬһֻӵָľצҶſҪεС
ӴҶҲɫһ䡣
ǿǿǽǿ֮
ֲ̫ˣս֮ʱͻȻʹֻһٱܻɱǿޱȵľ񲿶ӣ
ЩӣȫʥǿɵҲûô޴Ļ淨ȫܽͬΧһɣһۻ
ʱǿŮ쾹ȻôķרŶԸҶһˣҲҶеӰˡ
ףʹȥһкĿƹܻ䣿ţұҪе徫Ӣɣ
Ҳһɣʯüͷ͵ŷȥ̧־ͷųһ޴뽫ЩɢЩֻҡ˼£ȫûЧġ
ˣ¿ˣѾԼҶеʯεҡͷ̾¶һſɥ
ˣҶʡ
ʯ̾˿ʵ˵ɣһʼʱҸҾǱģֻҪɱЩͬĻˣҲֵˡɰʹ֮ɣһԷڵɱ־ҪܻŻȥ͸ˡȺңҾԽÿ϶ӵõһ浽˾·Ҳ֪ôģе㡭
ҡͷ̾漴ֺٺһЦֻ㣬Բס
Ҷ㲻ҲЦˡ
ģˣ
һ⣬ǹâصαװ͸˳ȥİÿʯʵһ
һҶԭҰӿһ־αװûһâЩЩ͵һ±һƬâĴ
ߣҶһһסʯϱʥľ޴ʱƶǰһ±㴩һƬâ󣬷ɵǻ֮⡣
ҵ죡ʯͷһĻ򣬾ôһ


715 ջС
û̾ˡҶȫǰԶһƬҵսǾ޴Ļ
ȻǻȻǿ󣬵ȴվաǾ޴Ļţֱʱ޷ʧ
˫Уŵ̺֮ȱ㡣һзȱ㣬ڴս۵ս֮ȴǾ޴ŵ㣬һʱ̲ʧĿ·ɱܼ֮Уϵ֮·ƻ˵Ҫǳ֮ʱ˫
޷ƶµĲӱ㲻ȫԱ׷ɱֳֻһ󲿷һ·׷ɱ׷Ҷ㣬ܿͱ˦
ϴͣȫ֮󣬿ʯ̲סسҶ˴Ĵָϴ㻹ȱֲҪҽɲɣ
⡭Ҷ㿴ֱˬĳ󺺣һЦá
ǵĲһǧˣ󡣡ʯ˵ϴῴ۰ɣ
ǲ죿Ҷʡ
ǰʯЦˡҲġҵĺֵ̽ܽ𵴲۳һʹޱȡҪѰȥˣһһǻҪˡ
𵴲ǵ巨Ҷʡ
ǰʯͷ
ȷʵǿҶޣôң
ɾҵʯ˵ҺôҲǲ죬ǿġ˵̾˿ЦһС䣬ǿߺױ۸Ǳ𡣲Ц֮ǰʵǴģû뵽ȥʹ߷裬̫ɱǼˣҴŭ֮źǷġ
㵹ǸˡҶһЦ
ȻʯЦ
ҶȴǼֵǰĺӲʥͬǽʥΪϧ֮塣
ȡ᣿
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ھǲȡǰһİ취£еѣõ˵ԿˣԼΣսͣǷΣ
ãҶһͷҾСֵܣ
̫ˣʯ˷ܵ۸ߺϴǲҲЩˣҲκһ壡ϴǽİɣʲôʱǨƵȥ
ؽ䡣ҶҡҡͷֵܣûȤһµǿ䣬Ϊˣ
ʯҶ㣬û˵ֻЦ밡
ʲôģҶһЦΪֻҪʵģʲô°첻ɣ
ϴô˵ĻҾ͸ô죡ʯصͷϴ˵ɣҪô죿
Ȼȥ첿ǨƵҲĵطҶ֣ص˵ǸǶ֡
ѽˣʯһֻԼܳˣȴ˻вأҵþȥŲǣ
áҶһͷʱϷֳһĻ˿ʯڡʯȻ֪ʲôȴû˿ҶΪ
һҶ˵ʱͨҵ㣬㲻õǲٴꡣһҪҪ죬ȥ󾡿ǨƲ䣬ȻҵϢˡ
ãʯصͷҶ֮ٶȥǹŲͬ뿪֮ʱȫɲǼѾʧӰ
Ҷһ˼ңԶĵڶǿ䡪ֲȥ
Ǵÿƻ䣬ȿʯȴʹƻò䡣䲻ڣΣҶƾ˵ǻ۽һĿꡣƲʺϣǱֱӶ֣һоܴ裬ŭȻҪйϡ
ڽǱߣȻһ˵ǺŪȥǺŪȥҲνû㱧䡣ֻҪ֮ĳѾɹˡ
ֲǱߣȴʺһơֲڵڶ䣬˵䲻ܽڽ¶ΪһҶҲšŽ֮ȻдϢⷽʽԼڻһսȻܿ촫ֲ֮С
ǿǵĲ䣬λ᲻ӭ
Ҷʮ㣬ҲʮּŸ·һ·һע۲Ž䣬һռſȥĽɽֲ䡣
;֮Уȴӵ˻ȴ֪ѾʼԽ仢񣬶Ҫ佻סԻƣײǻȣײѾɱ˲еĸѩӶߡˣ״κλ䶼κΡ
Ҷ㲻ɰЦȻĻ෴ᶨΪԼԸ䣬ʾȻ׵ֻ֣һһ߰мӽ䣬̽ʵȻж
ڼ䣬гʱ䡣
ֲ䣬ҶǼòӭӣЩ㵡
ӭӵĶаٶˣȫǽ塣Ϊ׵ĽǰҶ㹧һЦʣûϴĻӦþǽ״˰ɣ
ҶɻʣҲȷʵסô֪ң
˵ǿѾ˽硣λ幧𡣡ѷԸǣǴ䣬һҪдżȻ·ʲôҪ죿
Ҫ졣Ҷ¶Ͽҵı顣
ܷ˸ңΪ£ʡ
Ҫ䡣Ҷ˵ǷԸѾ޼ҿɹˡ
Եȡ弱æһȻɻز֮С֮һʱڿնҶߣӵλǿϽ䣬һҶ㣬ʱȹһ
λˡҶ㼱æ
˵״˵ĴһλЦ˵ܼһҡ
ѾеȺˡһλ˵ɡ
áҶЩļһľȴøߡ
ʼռţڴгûȴڷƽ˾ʱΣյ£ͱҪΣյ׼Ϊûб꽫ԼΧ⡣
һ·ڶȥҶڵĶȴûзʲô޴Ĳ֮Уһľ󣬵κεطʲôľǿߡ
Խӽ½룬ҶԽܿһӶѵսʿԭԷǽеֱչԼǰû˿һȴγһ־޴ʹԼ
ܿ˴½һ޴󹬵ǰλҶǴ֮ڣһλžŰѵĽʱվЦӭ
ǽףһһЦʡ
ƺţҿɲҵҶ˵⻰ʱ¶˷߿ʵɫڻȵĳƺšֻһͨâ˶ѡ
ˡԷҶ㣬΢΢ҡͷֲãҵΪӦý㡮ߡ
Ҷ㿴ˣЦϲֳƺ𣿡
֪״ڵԷЦ˵Ҿֲ죬ޡ
С֡ҶƬ̺˵
ҵĴ뷨һءεҡͷ̾Ϣһλȴȡֵ֣ܾﲻ̫ԡ
˲ӶЦ
״˲ǱΪ𣿡ʣôȴ˵ǻȱˣ
²ҲաҶɫʱǸ֮˵ǻȴңһζֻӻȣΪΪٴǿߡ֪ǻԵϣֽɫн֮ңңȴܵ˶˵Ī裡־ĲΪˣ


716 ˭
ԭˡ΢΢ͷһЦô˵ڻһս֮У״ǹ⡭
ǶҲʣұǲ壡Ҷһʵ˵̫һ֮ȴҲް취ýᣬǵһǿ͵ǿúøһܣ
ǿ޿Ҷ㣬Ŀ⸴ӡ
Լ˵ġҶ˵Ҳĸ֣˵Ѿﵽǿĳ̶ҲΪǲ·Ĳ½һڶ˿ڣ߽ʮ壬ʵȷʵǳǿҲֻлˡ
״ΪβͶأʡȻҲֻлǣ״Ͷ䲻Ǹã
һʼ˼ҶһЦ˭֪ͳλȴҲǸŮˣ
ȻŮˡ޴ЦΣ
ѾǱܹ˻ȵɲٱһŮѹˣҶһ
⵹Ҳ⡣һЦȴһʼˣԼġ
£ҶһһЦȻôһβλ忴жŮġţ⻹˵˵幹⣬ҪҲסǻʥʥˣǾֻͿ֬Ĩڹκˡ
Ҳڵһ׮Ȥ¡Ц˵ЦЦʵȷʵ˫ܼҲ硣
ΣҶһĲһ˵ʵ飡
⻰˵úãصͷս֮£ȷʵһǿߵΣǾӵʵųڵһŲķǿܵһԿ֮ˣʱҪۿۣӡǽսڵһȣ
ҲˣҲžҪͶĲ䡣ҶһĳϿҡ
˵һδսԳ֣Ҳû״ˣЦǺǵʡ
ҶٺһЦҲǽҰɡʥﵮ֮ʱԵɺϣҲ֪ô͵õһʥȴƻ˲ܴǸӳ
ǡս硯˵ǲǿķ㾹ȻܴǷдӳֻƾһ㣬ˡ
ôǽһǲأҶ̽ʡ
˲ҵĲ䣬ǲƴɲǳ˸ӹ֮Ц
Ǳ̫лˣҶװżݣȴæסĳ˵ֵܣȴ˼һ㡪ˣôŮ֮£ʲôƾʲôѹͷϣǸ߳һͷ
Ҷصͷ죬ֻҪȨ㹻սʿұ֤û̳ýΪ綼ֲ֪ǿĵһ䣡
صͷģҲǲϧ˲ŵӹˡȻֵ㿴ңҲʧҾֵΪ죬ҵĲһˣ
л죡ҶװǸݣһȴûȥ
޻ͷһתֵܣӦ֪ڵĹذɣ
ָɣӡ𣿡Ҷʡ
ȷʵ΢΢һЦֵܲųɣϾֵʥе
ҶҡҡͷңҲַ¡ɣŶ⣡
ã֣صͷʱԳ֮ȡŽɣӣһ⽫֮󣬵ݵҶǰֵܣǣֲĸˣ
ҶԥؽŽɣһȥްиӦԼı仯ص˵ͷȴ֪Ҷ罫ɣӹԼʥֱӶ֮С
ޱȣɣӾͻȻȴҲΪ㳤ٴ󣬻ܳһ磿ҲͲһֲһˡ
ãȴǿޱȣ·Ϊװ׵õҶһԱͽġ
֮һдеĲʽ˵
νҶЦ˵
ôνҡͷҺò׵õһλǿ߸ĺ£ȻҪȫ˶֪²ǡװһ֪ѡʵȷޱȵģ
˵꣬һӣλʱ˹һ
Ϊ찲źþס֮ء˵ҵֵܺúϢ
ǣ
ӦشҶˡ
߸ߣڼλ߲޵ǰһλ˵죬ǿɿ֮𣿡
һļһЦһҪʲôŮѹ֮Ļҿһо֮ʱ㶨õļƻѾ׼ȻԸԴͶҲԵõҪһУĿǡͨìܣʹƴﵽһ΢ƽ⣬ˣܳΪƽǸ㡯κ˶ܾ㡯ԼĲ䣬ˣݾͱʱǲ䣬ǱػŴ˵ġ
ļƣòһλ̲ס˵
ҪҲҪá˵һ˫úݺ£òûᷴԼãҪǵˡ
ȷʵǺ㡣һλ建ͷ³ɹ֮ʱֻᡭ
ȻҰġ޽ӹ˻ͷʱҪãĿĽҪ֮ʣȴҪ
û˵ʲôֻ˸ɱơ
죬Ӧһλʡ
սǱ޴ӵ˵Ҫ취һѻȻ󡭡ǵһһ۲ΣټԸĽ
Ըֶȥս𣿡һλԥ˵ǸˣǶҳԵðȥԣ
ǾҪıˡ޵Цš
֮һʢĲʽֲٿֲĽ岿䣬ʷһ룬ҲʷһνΪ졣ȫޱȣ˵׵ս֮ȴֻһ𾪡
޸ǼȾҶʵòȺ鼤һֻҪ׸Ϳɨƽǿһͳ硣
ʽ֮󣬳Ѫڵľ޽Ҷ֮У֮ߡ󳼶˳ȥҶ˵ʵȷʵƥУ
Ҷ֣صͷ
˼κ˵ڵһ䣬֮ǿ󣬳屾ޣʮǿ֮⣬Ϊǹ㷺ɸС壬齨˿ӴĲ䡣ЩСġСҲȫָǵʵָǵЩνġС壬ʵʮǿ
ҵ˽⡣Ҷͷ
ˣӵдСĻ䣬ӵ˾޴˵ѾгһѭȱС壬ҪʱѡǣǵԽԽ׳СǷӵˣȴûκΰ취ȡ
˶٣˵ν֮ʮеˣСӡǲϷȥһͥ񣬳Ϊͷ
ǱҪжԲߡҶ˵
̸ס޿ЦһѾγԼصķչ׳ʽѧϰ׷ϡ
Ҷ㣬ЦҶҲһЦôӢӦûԼİ취ɡ


717 
޻ͷĻűѹ
Ҫ̸°ɣҶʡ
ǵġһЦ漴ɫص˵ͽսǱûʲôᡣԣǱٳǵĴս
ȥ𣿡Ҷֳһ˷ܡ
ǡ޻ͷ
ֻһˣó¡Ҷ˵»ӦѾ֪ҲǽϢǷסġ
ġһЦѶ˼ƲߡֻһƣȴҪϡ
˵Ҷһͷ
һ˵ĻõͽһϢȻŻս׼֡޵ЦšĻԶҲΪҲɵӣȻ׷֮¡㲢ǽôض¿սǺ͡Ūãͼп֪乲ַͬǡʱ߾ǻ䣬ԳһսԾΪڵڶùģȴˡ
Ҷ㻺ͷвɰ룺޹ȻκһܳΪ˶򵥰
֮Ծʢʽû֪¡˵
һŭҪٵǲͷϣҶװʡ
޿ЦЦǱȻҲ˺ͻһܺأ
Ҷһаޣȴװ⣺ʲô˼
̵˴ĺôȴ˽ȥ֮ززʧ˴ս˵Ǩŭ𣿡һĸĪ⡣
ˣҶװȻ򡣡˼ǽеľӢսʿңȻҹ˲һ֧ˣһֲͬȻҲͬ顣Ҵ˴νĿ䣬ô
Ȼγɻַ֣ͬľ档ЦʱȻУֻҪӦϣ㲻Ҳܵشʱֲڵһ䣬޵֣
üƣҶ˴Ĵָ
ֻǴмΣհü˵
¡ҶһЦǱа취˵
ΣյԽ䡣ҡͷ
ǣҶεǲˡ
ҽҪһ޵˵Σȴǡ
һ֧Ҷ㲻ʡ
š޵Цš
ҶĿ˲
ǿֱ̹Щǿޱȵ齨һ֧ŵĻǼֱͺӵһ֧ȫɶʥɵıһ㣡һ¼仹˭֮У
üһֲز¶
Ҷ㲻ɰңԭͼռеԼ˽磬ͳһ֧ɱʥ磬Լ޷Ǽֱһ۲۵ѣ
첻¶ı顣޿ҶǾдžηĿ⣬ҡͷһЦ֧ȷʵԷǳǿ󣬵ȴûΣԶڴ˵ȴĪΣա
ָЩ𣿡Ҷ㼱æʡ
ǰ̾˿˷ҵβ֮ʱѾʼоǧʱ䣬ǳɹһ塣ϲ֮࣬ȴַԽ⡪Щ̫ǿȻ΢ǧֻһ֮ٳɶ࣬ȴ쳣ǿλ֣ڳԿŵʱ˲Ҷ
ôΣգҶװһȴһϲ
Ա˵ǿǸ⣬Ӷ˽֮֮ԭռĻ˵
湦㣬һװһԥηӲųɡ
ǰ̾˿֮У֮ǿȻܳҡܲȥ֧ɣ
ǵȻҶ㼱æͷʧ֧ǿıк壿죬˼ǽ֧ŽңܷƶԲԣ
ǡ޵ͷʵǿޱȣڲս֮ӳ죬ǿǿˣ֮϶ҲҲ룬ҲԿһ֧š
Ҷ㿴ޣһֻϺꡣ
ֲôʹԼԼΪ죬ȴԭʹ׬˼֧ţ˵ǿޱȣʵȴһֽⲻĽɽһ㣬Щ첻óȥûʮűɽӵľ
޵̴úܾԼ֮󣬾ԼţԼǸʵ쵽ô֧žͻɽ˾޴ĲƸǸʱŽɣӵԼȻΪ޾ӵǿһԼûʵţôȻҶʱֱӽԼȥǸ仹ǻ䣬ܴӶԷһ顣
ԼȴʲôҲظ
Ǿ
ҡҶ㿴ޣԺ˼ת֮ʣȴԥšܿƵ֧ţ
Ҳ˵޿ЦԴ»Ҫ븱Լһɡ
ƴˣҶһҧһĲμӽȻĿܣμӽҲӮϣҾƴһΰɣҲǱ֪֮ߣ֧ţȻҪúÿһ׺һССŮˣ˭ĴţȻҪ֪ж󣬵ľж
װһȥŭӣɫݼûа㻳ɣסͷ΢Ц
ʵҲݼ֮ʣҪģöɣӡǿߣûȫ֮Ǿκ˵ġ
á޻ͷվǱȥһǿıŰɣ
޵Ĵ֮£Ҷ½ԵһطҪ֮Уĵ£ǿµıš
Щİһ޶һͬص㣬ǾǸûһͳһΡЩһҵţûһԳƵ٣ÿһһѽƴɵһ㣬ûκֻһ
ЩһΩһƵĵطεĴСǲ඼ɳңߴɣԴô߶ȻʵһȺ޹֡ʱȫڵµĴ֮УһѶѵĽɽһ㡣
ǧĽɽڵ£εΪ׳ۡҶ㲻Ź⣬סشǣЩһȫԼ֮µʿᷢӳ
Щ嶼һݻɵġָЩӴļһ˵ǵĴСȴϲ࣬Ȼǧٹ֣ʵҲܹһࡪԳΪ۵ֱ֣ߵĽ֡
һݻɣҶȻǵ֮Ȥʱ̲ס׷ʡô˵ȴһģ
ȻǡЦˣ죬λֳֳªӣ
ʮֺ档Ҷ㿴ޣһҪҾӦøҵģ
޹Ȼû˼ſ˵ʵǵһ죬ǵȴΰҲͨһ㣬뵽һִİ취Ǿ֮ǵ֮Դȡеת֮Ȼ֮֮Уʹǽ仯ɰ塣
ԭˣ
ҶĿⲻһ
νġ֮ԴǱ鲼־޴Ҷԭֻ֪ǿƣĽ˻ָû뵽䱾Ȼһ壬Գȡ֮
ڽ֮ƣȴû˱ˣ֮شˣ
ȡ⣬ģֻɰķˡ


718 
Ҷһ߸̾ţһ޵Ļִ֮ȫԼģ
һô¡޼æҡͷҴ֮£֮ǻ۹߹ͬǧʱյı졣㲻֪ҪЩ֮Դгȡ֮Ǽ֮£ֻ˼ʱ⣬ųȡ㹻ʹһɽ仯һ仯ֳϰʱɡЩѪڰ
Ҷһľ˰ءҲ˵طҪ˺ɣ˵ȡ֮Ҫü꣬Ҫϰ꣬͵Ȳá
ʥΣڵϦԶˮǾȲʵġ
ⷨӿҲգǼоȰǧֻŪ˵
죬׼Կʼ˵óҶļҲһļҲѹ֣κ˻ǧʱŪôһǰȴ޷ʹãֻ綼Ҫˡ
죬ΪβǿߣһͬЩأҶлһʣ̲ס˳
Ҳǵʼδ֮¡޿ЦҡͷֻΪִ췽Уû뵽ͬһ֮Դȡȴֽܷ⿪Ȼƽע뵽ǧֻڣʵȴǽһͶӰǧֻڡ
Ҳ˵Ҷ΢΢ͷֻһָǧ
޵ͷΪϵĬҲʼǡ˼ȫͬҲ޷ָ֧ͬ
԰ɡҶ㿴׳۵ĴҲ̲סˡ
ǿ֧ŵʥ塯ˡ޴Ҷ̨һϣȡһʥ緲ͷ­СĽ򣬽ҶСǸӵ·˿˿ɫĹâȴЩ鲼֮Դһ޶
Ҷ˹ϸӦڵ򲢷ʵģʵȴǺһǿ塣򣬲װ壬ͬʱҲ˽··ϣʹõĹ߰ˡ
ǧҪСģɳǿǧһϸؽϵ֮ԶҶ㣬ʾҶ㿪ʼ
塱Ҷ㲢ûмڴʥơֻǽĻ֮Уϸع۲Ľṹ̬ģȴȵطԼɢȥĻϳһ壬ɢһǿ֮
˸ʱǧ֮ӦϿЩ廹ʵطڵһʵڿǽ֮ȴѾڣ
ҶؽʥУȴԼʥ˿û޷ŶʱᵽıʥеţĻӰ죬ȫԼһʥ·ҳϵսʿԼĽһȻûз˼
Լһ䣬ﱬըҲκεԥ
ã
ҶĿ˸ΪоԼܽĻĻͻΪһȫԼʥʥֲֻԼһ˿ãֻҪԼټĻʥı仯ȫԱκһõԼգ
һλƹһصĴ˵ȴٺòġ
ֻһôеԼϵȻǺõġȴһ쵼ߣܻ֮Ҫʥǿ߶ԿȥУһλ쵼˵ȴ̫õ¡
ʮֻħūޣܷɢʹõĻһս£ֻҪ֮ɢɼӣɵͬķȥؾܳһ飬ûκε㡣ϧʮֻħūֻһָӣȴҲֻ֧Ԯ֧ԮǱߣݡ
֧ܽ˴ȴ㼫ˣʱǿͿԷֳɡԼħūһ֧ޱҶ֧ͥһ֧
ãܺã
ϲ֮Уʼʥ壬ָǧֻ
ûޣȻӦĶסʱֻڼѵؾ壬Ŭȥѡ
ҲЩΪȻ˵۳ɹԿ֧ŻȴϾΪҪ֮¡ȫϣ׵ϣʧܣôȴ֪Ҫã֧ܺɨһеıŲſʹá
ĵȵĽˡ
Ҷ罫ȫУȴװʮʱ䣬ͻȻһ˫зʣ߸ߵؾ
һʱ䣬â䣬ǧֻȫ̧֫壬֧ž޴ӻ
޵۾һµɵϴ󣬼ǰվվڸ̨Եšһ֧һֱ˯ıţҶǣ֮¶һֻһֻվػţȻȴС
ɹˣɹˣ˷ܵشּܿæһƴʾԼ侲
̫ļ롣֮ǰҲһܿΪԿǧֻ壬Ҷٿٿ
ŵҶ㣬ȴٿЩ塣
ʱҶ㣬ȥʹࡣ΢΢ţŲƺҪվסʼŬؼŲԼ£壬ƺʲôսһ㡣ҧ͵ۣڣȫվֱӡ
һȻҶΪɲ޿Լʵ׾֧ţĻһɵ֮ġ
֮£ҲֳһƶѵļһضţȻʮ㣬ôٶȣȴκγв
վǶǾ޴Ľ漣ۼҶվΣû֮ǰЩʱ״̬޲֪һĳɹˣɷЦҳɹˣڳɹˣ
Ҷתͷȫʧ̬ȴôʰֲЩطĽ塣
ⶫȻ죬ֻҪ֮չ黹Դ˭ܱ֤ǧꡢ󣬽вҶǿߣʱָӵ˰ţôʥ粻Σˣ
죬ǳɹ𣿡Ҷ壬װʡҸоЩһＫϾһɽһ㡣ңҲָӣѾǵƶٶȻô
𼱣޼˵ﰲĵϰ֮ò˶һǡٶȲ⣬һַͨϵϰǿؼܷƵ⣡ˣҲӢ۰
ִЦ
ҶԼҪͻȻչϱػλܻЦ÷
ǵһЦ
ãһŬ֣صͷ
ַˣ֮࣬ȴҲϸҶһҪС¡ò׵õסôһðŻĲ£ֱǵıһⲿ³ʲô⣬ٵ̱
ҶȻװмشӦ޸˾Իͣ뿪ȴʱĿһ
˲䣬ǧֻ嶼ٵվȣʥָӶһʱ䣬Ӵĵ¹֮йӰݺᣬһֻֻ岻ϵų̡ڡĶʱչ֫壬ƶʱ֫壬һСɽҶָ֮£ǧһһ޴ķҪ
ǺöҶ㲻ͷ


719 ޷ߵı
ʵڼװƴƵʱҶѾϤһɢǧݵͳһ壬תԼǧֻķѾȫ˽⡣
һ壬ɢ֮ȴŶǡЩǲǸ߼ǣЩҲûʮǿǻۣΪǧһ壬Լһγһǿǡ
ǸìܵĽ塣
ҲȴõıšӵһǿǻۣԴָǧսʿڹսɵذȷƻսͬʱܷɢÿһսʿԼ״̬֮£ԼϰߺĻȡʵս
õôҶ̫ˡ
ڵֻǲϵϤŵķԼļɱøΪ
ͬʱΪ˲޾̫ɣҲҪģŬһӡ
ڼٴδԻսӾļ̽飬ƺЩͷˡ
ҵļƻǧҪżҶݵطԸ֮ڳܵĵ»ء
һ˵ˣʱ˹һʣô
㲻Ҷ˵ͷڿָǽм򵥵Ĺˡ˵úܣָһֻ˵ľӶҪѰ
֮ȴȶʮ򡢶ľŶҪö࣡޲ЦҶļ˵ĽչѾ֮ˡţҵĸֱŰ
ˣҶʡ
ûʲô˵ǱȻѾ˵˼鲻ٵˡ
ҶףһҲһֱڼŻĶֿСĲ䣬벻õ˵̽ӻȥǺѵġƲҲںû˭̽ӽԼĲ䣬ǿʵ͸ʵ԰ǿıǮ
ھͻؽ䡣Ҷһͷܵõôһ֧飬һȻȥԭ򡣵һ䣬ͿҵֶԸ֮ˡ
ԽԽáһͷȻѾԳɹֻţôжɣ
ǣҶ㹪һó壬һ֮䣬µ֧Ӵʱһֻһֻشӵ˳ڿСǧֻ޴İգʱһƬǿգεΪ׳ۡ
һ·أ޲ضš
Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪һﲻĲԼ죬šȴװжٴʩ񣺡ģ״˴ζΣ
װظ֮ҶӴľſٵԶȥ֮ѾٿֲӰӡ
΢΢һЦ䣬ҶҲһʱǿռžκԿţʱ磬ҪЩֱװ֮С
ţһ
ЩȻڣΣȴ޷Уһֻֻһǽסٱһľƿһԣһڴǿһߡ
Ҷ㲻ȻһʼΪԼʲô⣬æŵڵƷȴǵ硣ҵһƮǺ֮еĽʯҲ׵ؾ֮С
ѵЩ壬Ҳͬʥһ㣿

粻װģֻлŵʥˡû뵽ЩȻǽɣȴҲ飬Ȼ޷硣
ɾ鷳ˡ
ЩſװͺðˣֻҪǧװãȻԼ취Ūͨλã취ͨ뿪ˡ
֮£ôӴһ֧飬ҶȴҲ޷֮ʥ֮УܽȫˣյĿռͨΪУȻͣп֧ܽʥ硣
ǿ
ҲǲܡҶǻʵ⡰סĽαװʱδؾͲܰ¡Ҫạ̃ҲҪʮʱɣ
ȵ
̫ˣ
յ̾Ϣ˰죬˰죬ð꣬Ǵߵ״̬ԼˣǶ޷硣ֻ֮һ̾һĿЦ
ʱͻȻ˿ʯλػĽˣҲ֪ѾǨƵ˺δʱԼüˡ
Ȼ֧޷ʥ磬ôҲֻнڽ֮С֧Լһ㶼ı䡣Ҷһ뷨֧׳ʯġǿʯ䡱ԼĽ䣬ⲿɽڵĸǿĲ䣡
Ŀ겢ǲܴɡ֮С壬С䣬ǽǾܶؼһȴȻγһǿޱȵЩСͲ䣬ϣҵǿսͻ΢֮ڽᶯЩС벿䣬㲻Ͷսе䡣
ΪһǱȻᱻڻʹáС岻ɵӣȻ֪Ӧܺ
ʱһǿվǣȻԸ
뵽Ҷ㲻ЦʱӦʯڵһĻûãѾ˷򣬴ӴĶһƬǺȥ
һ·ڽӽĿĵأȴһƬƫƧǺ֮Уޱߵʯ΢ưΧһƬҶĻָܿʹ˿ǰµƣƹ˾޴ʯڲ
һоǽһ޴ļ֮һ㡣ȫƺͳƬʯȴ·ǵǰΧס棬ʮСһĽ򣬻޴֮Դɢž޴
ҶԶԶ㿴һòĴвͬϸһȴѾƽһƽĴأǴ֮ϣȴѾ˲СͽӦĻﴫǿʯгԱѾص
⵹һʺϲڡҶ㲻΢΢ͷǱ߶ȥ
δɶԶһӰͻȻԽһɽ֮Ϸ˳Ǽһߴﵽɣο֮࣬ͭɫʽ˵ۣǳªޱȡ
ҶһһʼΪǿʯҪкͻȻЩԡ˵ʯһϸȴֲͬҲȫһ۾һֱĹ⣬һ˫һһʱγɣһγһɵĴͷХֱҶ㡣
һҶȴͻȻʯġ̽ǰȻҲˣӵ𵴲ɴĹӦ̽
Ҷ㲢ûֱӵƣһ̽Ĺ򣬵ӳʥ˫һǰ۳һص׶ܣǰ
𲨴һ׶ϣǿҵ𵴲ʱҵ׶ܵ绨Ľھҵ֮У׶ܾȻϵ߽⣬ûþͱ˴롣
ñ£Ҷ㲻ɵͷһһ׶ܣһԶȥּ̧һƣ֮ˡ
Ŀһ͵һʣһ׶ԶԶ˳ȥתһɨ˹ҶơУ˱֮ɳʮԶҶȴҲһ˳ɡ
Ǻñ£Ҷˣͷʵǲ̽
ô֪ң˲һҪֹٹʱȴвشҶ㡣
ʱǲ䷽ӿһƬͭɫƣȴǧڿʯĴ֮߷ɿһǰʯĿһ䣬Ҷ㾪һϴˣ


720 ǿʯ
ϴ󣿡̽ȻҶ㣬ǿʯ˵λϴ󡯣
ǵġҶͷһЦҲſʯ˰֡
һҶȻţһез
ϴЩô£ʯҲ㵵شҶİǣëëĲȡ
λġҶ˸ƣʱһ£֫壬ڿųһСɽЩµսʿҴκвġ
ʲôʱʯĽ
ϴôģʯ۳˾㵾׳ŵӴյһ塣ǼһһŶҲͷ·һСɽһ㡣ʯˣһ·ɵϴ𵶵˻֡
ϴ󡭡̽ҶĿԽ˾ηЩ˼ҶһղһΪʲô˰ɱǣԾ͡ǲ˼ˡҿϴ󹦷ãȻ˵ҵ̫ˡ
˰㡣ʯٺһЦ˹ϴҼһҲɣϴǵȥɣúúøҽǷֿ֮ľ
Ҷһͷǲȥһ·֮ϣƵƵͷ鲻ԽشŸںһƬѹѹİе
Ϊǲִټ½ⲿ仹ܼªֻԼǿСƽȻֱϽһЩԼªķݶѣԶʱô£ʱоһӪ
û취ʱ̫ˡʯҲ֪ﻷ̫ˣæҶ͡ƽ棬ЩţȽչٻָԭ沿ģ
ǸĻ䣡̽һ۷ŭ
ò˶ãҾͿ԰ǱˡҶһЦ
ŶѶĿæҶһ΢ķƺǵλûȥæȥˡ
ϴ󣬾ʲôһݣʯæʡ
Ѿֲ䡣Ҷ˵Щ壬ֲǧġֻȻǣȴûȴ
ǾͷĽŽ㣿ʯһȡ
ȻǸӵ̽ȴȻȿʯǵöࡣϴǲֲΪ½ɣˣ
Ҷһͷ
Ҳá̽˵ͷֲڵڶǿĲ䣬ϴǣҲȻԷɻڴҵڶԶڵһѹ֮¶˼ȡһսϴĴûᡣ
ʵҲǽҵһöӰˡҶһЦֲ޷Ϊ죬ְѾ֮µְˣұĹͣҲѾûĿռ䡣
һҲһ㡣̽üô˵ӦҲֻ뵥ѡǴµóɣֻ¡
û˵ȥʯȴʣֻʲô˾ôˬлһ˵
ֲֻڵһַԼƲסϴĻͻϴ¶֡̽̾
ǿô죿ʯҲˡ
¡Ҷ΢΢һЦ¼סҵ˻ûءʲôɣӣҿһĲֵǿ
˵ţ֮ȡŻ֮Ľɣӣֱڲ˳ʯ̽ˣҶԿ³һ㡣
ϴ󣡣ʯ̽һǰ߾ţ㾹Ȼܽɣ³ⲻܰ
ûʲôܵġҶ㵭˵ţֽɣӡ̡ȥ֮Сʵ˵ɣʵҲΪöɣӣһöκ˶޷ⶫ˺ңѹ֮ҲʱƳ⡣
ˣʯ˷
̽ȴɫأ̲ס˵ϴⱾ˫ȴҪ׶Ա˵źáһй¶ǽ;Ҳκһǿˣ
Ҷ㿴̽ɵ˵ͷȴͿʯһһĳѸ֪޲ԣΪѿǣǸ֮ˡ
ԶԶԣʯҲæͷѹ˵ϴģ³ֵֻ֪֮õ֪
ʵҲ¡Ҷ㵭һЦҺαǿߣԼһ˿ɵеǿߣǲǱʲôǿ
⡭̽ЦһϴȻӵǿľӣ⿿ǲɰǧɵľţԸС䣬Ȼӹ֮ƬײЩǿĲ䣬Ҳ֮ͥؼǿ䰡
ԣҲҪǡҶЦ˵
ǣʯһľȡ
̽ȴĿһϴѵԼһµǿ䲻ɣ
кβɣҶһЦ˵ɣҵȴٻص֮УԴٳɻֲˣͬԿ䡣ʱԼС벿㲻ǶսУʱǵĻˡ
ţҲϸ˵һ飬һսжôҡ
ˡ̽ͷһ˿˷֮֡ȷʵһûᣡֻƾǿʯֻ޷Сǰ
һӰҲǡҶ˵ǧ壬˭˵С䣿
ϴ˼ǣ̫ˣʯ˷
սһϴҲɣ̽ȴüͷ
ҶһЦʱҿԽǿ֧ŵķųս֮ʣɨΧСС䣬շýɣǳЧǣõȵսǾѾ׳ڵһǿĲ䣬ֱ֣һٻ𣡡
ʯ˵Ǿ̫ˣʱ˭Ҳ۸ҵˣ
ϴġ̽ȴ֣صͷֵܱز
ʯҪ̽Ҷ㿴ſʯһ䡣֮ģЩ³çС컹ԣ³çڵһ䣬ǾΣˡ
סʯٺЦţ̽ļ˵ϴ˵Ȼǲ죬ʵҷ¶̽ġƹܲ䣬ƹҡ
Ҷ㲻Ц
ʵ£Ҳġ̽˼˵뷨ȴЩǷˡֻǵǿȴ˵ƽʱζԴǵС䣬ų˿
뷨ûдҶ˵С֮޷ģо޷չռ䣬ôǿðҲ֮١㣬ڻ䡣
ڲͦõģʯЦ˵һ֣ͨȻ˵òʧȥԭĴü԰ٳ˶һϴ󡣲Ȼķ᣿
ǡҶ㻺ͷ
ϴһô죿ʯ˷ܵʡ
ѧϰһ¿֧ӵķ˵Ҷȡ˹ȥʯҪӣҶȴЦҡͷʯٺһЦ̽ʹ˸ɫ̽Źȥ˹
ʱҶѾԼʥʹڵĻ֮仯Ӱ
֮̽Ȼ֧ӣʱȴҲҪڵĻ֮Ѿȫӣֻ̽ڵõҶʥ£ԼȥӰĻ֮˱ôӶ
Ҷ˲֮⣬ɵǿ֮Уָ̽ưŶ
̽ȻǸˣҶָ֮£ܿϤ˲ٿ֮þ־һЩ򵥵ű󡢹ػ֮ˡ
Ҷʮʱ䣬ڽ̽ѧ˿֮ʱջ壬˺úõԼϢ֮󣬴һ֧ǿľ뿪ˡ
Ŀ꣬ǽ䡣


721 
ҶŵӴҪʱһ˳ӭӡ
ȷǡӭӡǡ
ӵ˺Ȼ棬λͬĸΧߣһߡǼҶʱжͶ˳̶Ȳͬ˷ܹâ
һˣҶ΢Ц棬ȴ֧ӴĲͣԶ֮һСɽŻԼλ
ҵڻˣֵúǼǰһܱҶĺ󱳡
ȻĵֻҶ㱾Ǹоʲôġ
ҵȻҶЦ˵ֻǹ̼Щѡ
ֲ֧ˣɿҶ㣬ָԶеİǡ
ǡҶͷҳ֧ʱҲһȻԼ֮ǰѡֱͶ˻䣬ô޴ӵֲ֪ĵϸʱ¾ҪԴˡ
̫˵֮ˡҲ̾š
ô֪µģѵֲϢ͸¶˳Ҷ֪ʡ
Ȼ͸¶̫ϸһЦֲޱףɱ˲кüߣȻҵ˻Ĳ̸֮ء
˵ȴǺϢҶ΢΢һЦ
ҼЦôˬʣ֪һа취Цšߣǻȥ˵
Ҷһͷðٶǰȥ˽丽һ壬űʱԱһ޴Ľɽ˹ȥһֻֻɽϡ
ǡЩ⡣
黹ǲҪ벿еĺáҶ˵Ƚϰȫ
ˡ˵ͷһЦҲ֪һбɽļϸʵ˵ھ֪ЩҲûʲôˡ϶ҪΪУ֮ǰⳡǱ䶨ˡӣִΪͬˡ
Ҷ㣬ĳ˵һжҪл㰡
ԼˣʲôҶˬʵһЦ˼Ǵӻز䣬ôҶۿǵ佻ս𣿡
ûЦ
ãҶһͷһȥЩֻǾɽϷ˹˽Ķ顣ӵҶ㻺Ų䷽ȥ֮󵽴ﲿ䡣
رϵнˣ㵵ǵضİŵӲƴŽڶȥЩ˶ʵСߣ龰⵹Ҳ鲻Խ
ȴѹס˿־壬ɴ۾ѵһĳ
ȻЩ£ȴ֪ЩǲԼģΪؿЯҶ֣һ˵Ĵӵ֮´ЩɹϿա
ҵǣڿиǵ׻ˣ˼Ϊǿİţǧֻǿİ壬ǵĲ䣬Ϊǵսʿ룬ֹǣҲжԿ֮ǽʢǰףΪǵǿ󻶺ɣ
Ļʹһ̲ס˷һ󻶺ԴϴɢԶ
֮£ҶŰڲϿշ˺üȦȻðзɵ֮һɽһӾֹĽۼȺ֮ǰһ˿Ҳȫʧһ鲻Խ˷·òãܰǴһƬ򣬽ͳһһ㡣
һصľ֮Уһڸ߲ӵҶĿ⾼һ׳־ӣҶ㣺˵˵һȥΣ
Ҷ㵭һЦ˵ʱûʱʯֵ£ڿʯȴһֻ˵һСǿߡ˵ʱǼ˻İ˸оԼֻҲѵõλһȴ֮ǻ֮ȴתͶֲ䡣
ұֱӴû뵽ʲôֻǻϢ̫֪ͨΪȷʵҶǻȣȴûֲ䶯֡˵ֻٴ⣬ĶֲŻǳֵʱת䣬ȴ˵ޡ
ô֧Žһλɽʡ
ȻǡҶЦһʵǴ˰ҵġ뽫½˱Բһ
ⰵôȴ˴رһʡ
ûֽɣӣ׽Žһ̲סʡ
ôģҶߣ֮ʱҲƣΪһʼôѺãôңȵõⶫ֮Ҳ֪Ҫң
ôأʡ
ⶫ壬ŵġȴͨܿƵ˵ġҶ˵ǧʱ䴴֧ţȴһֱ޷ʹãΪŵͬһ֮ԴȴǧһǿޱȣκһҪˣһᱻɵΪҶһʼֻҪẦңȻҵʬ彻ֺ
Ȥˣ۾ȴ޵֮⣬ţһǳ˴ˣ
ҲǽҡҶ̾˿ʥбģȴͨĽͬǾ޴Ҫҵ֮ʱʥһȴңʹҷռȨ塣
ʥ硭߶ţȼ̰Ĺ⡣
Ҷε̾Ϣһ
Ҳ֪Խô˵Խ˶ʥǿҿȴҲֻô˵Ȼû취ԼΪοԿƵܿƵıš
֮Ҷ֮󣬱ʱˡҶ˵ЩһΪףҵҲٿأʱ͸ֻǸƶѡΪ˶ǿߵ׷ɱֻػǰƫƧĵطһӣȷͷȥŸ˻
οǳĿЦ˵ò˶ãͻ֪֧ѾǲУʱŹ֡
Ż乥ǵġҶ˵к뷨
ҪսսˡЦǵʵȫԵеùǲ䣬ǧֻ㣬ǸӲ䡣һҲ£
ִɣһλü
ȻǡҡͷĻǵѹδҲ̫ˣҲܶࡣҵ뷨ȴֲ֣߽ˣһֲ䣡
ãҶһͷ޵ңĸ֮УͻǨŭĸ䡣ֲҲǳҵĿ¡
˱Ҹ˽𣿡浭һЦҵĺң˵ĵʧȣеȴ档о޴գһֶ޵ѡ
û˱˽ߣ
Ҷ㲻Цˡ
ʲộҶˡʱǹװɵѡ
ô죿ʡ
£Ҫһˡ濴Ҷ㣬΢΢һЦ
ԸҶͷ
Ļ˵˵ˣ벬ĳҲֻһ޹ѣֱǸҲˡͬʱ޴Ĳջ֮£ȷľġ
⡭ҲԡҶװԥһصͷΪ˲棬ұڲҲ޲ɡֻǡ
ˣǽҲˡһЦģµġңҶԲ˻Ǻ˽ġֻҪ˵İ졭


722 ս
Ҷ㲢ûȴ෴ޡ
ķ棬ķȥܡĿֻȻԼǿʯе˶ѡ
˵ϣһȱȻǽɡֲȻҲһΣڻûҪͳһɱʥ֮£ȴԴΪΡ
ǵв
ҶôȻ֪д£ʱܻҶ㡣
ΣʡҪ˰ɣ
ϻ䣬ǡҶһЦȻóѡ
ʲô㣿ʡ
Ѿ˵˻ȡҶ˵һ˭ʵǿ˭ȴ˻ϲ˳ȶѾЩʧټģϱȱ˸һ㣬ȴ˵ѾӦӰҲ乥䡣
һʲô˶᲻ˣ޲Ц
Ϊ˻˳ɱ䡣Ҷ˵ˣսʱͬʱΪУս
ʱǵıţش䣡΢΢ͷ͸¶һĹâ
ҲġҶͷ˵ҪȥҲһιһǲΪ
ţֻȥɡ޵˵ͷһἰʱò޷㡣
ˡҶһͷȻѾô粻˳١һس;һӡҽٳֶȥһǲĴѹ֮ʱ֧ıű㲻ǵвˡ
Ǹܵ޲Ц
Ǳ֮ŻȥҶٶȣʱȴ鹲ͬԵ֮Ϊһ˻䣬벬̸ûȡҶ㡰ġ֪ϢȻΪڳüҶ㡣
ǣҶ֡ź뿪˻䡣
صİ;֮ϣһӽȴɱ˹Ҷһϳ޵ˣʱڳ̬Ц˵ȥɡĶѾúˣ
ǡΪ߹һ񣬡ӴʱѾŽȥſԴһֲһزϢɡ
áҶһͷ֧صֲ֮С
ûãȾһȴֲĴѾ˴汻˸ֲȴûлңʱ̣չֳ߷緶Ҳýʵˮ档
һ̴ֲĴȻûռˡ
Ҷ֮£ȺӰҲ䣬Ŵս֮ʼװУ˽䣬Żȥûϵ͵ϮԼȺһɱ˸æҡ
ڻ֮еޣȻ֪һеǰģذŲ֯𷴻ӣӰҲսһ
ӰҲ䲻ˣȻȫǻĶ֡񷢻ȫȴҲɱ˲ٻĸ֡
ҶĻ֮󣬻ӵдǰļ䣬ȴѾʧ˴ǰĸ飬ӰҲĳԱûаϧ֮⣬ȫһԽǶһս֮СҶԸҪǿʯȥþգڻӰҲ䣬ڲƤӵ¾ôˡ
һΣҲڲ֮УǸоӴ裬Ȼŭ֮£ھԽ䶯֣
õľѾϢҶʱ뿪ֲ䣬װսһӻ˽֮С֮ʱսݱ쳣ңɱһѪ·˽ڣʱеܻ
û𣿡յʣôֲͻȻʹ˹
֮ǰȥʱ;ô²УΪôǶԵġҶ̾һҵ֮ʱӣҾ֮ʱȴˡԭʱ޾ڻ֮ڣȴζԸǣҲһиϻ;ȴֲķЩټɱǣŸ˻ŻľҲ쵽ˣ
ûȥ
ؼʱ̣ûʧ̬һסҶ֣ȫֵ顣һοɾͶˣǵİŸǺÿ
İɡҶ֣صͷһὫɱƬײֲĴͿˡ
ֵ֣ξǣЦһȥɣ
Ҷɿȥ˲丽ɽϣԶս
սľѾ򿪣ʣµģ͸ǼչǿʯˡлȺ𻤷ԼһâЭʯ̽ܿշһЩСͲ䣬ʵ׳֮󣬱ȥЩͲ䡣
˴СһطչȥԽսеĲǳ¡
ʱĴĻս
Цţһ񣬽ΣѾֻʣʥ绹вԭռ䱻ԼݺݳȡһƶӰӦҲСҪԼǿĻٶԸĻʱվ͸ˡ
һ⡣
뵽˴ֻԼƺӦûʥȥִˡ
Ҳһʱ٣Ҫһսش䣬ʹòòɴǰԼϣ䣬ͨ
֮󣬻ĴɱˣҶʱȡ壬һЦ֮䣬ָǧֻɵĴ׺ݵŻĴɱȥ
֧ŵĳ֣ʱ˻ӵĿֻţҲϲȻаһ֧Լʱ㱻˸ֲ־뾪ţʹҳһţ޷֯Чķ
Ҳ̫ǿˣڳĽ˵ЩһǿµجΡʥĽˣҪսʤЩʥһİ壬ҲǼΪѵ£ûʮʥȫǴƽֶ
Ҷλǿߣ͸ǿ£һֱһ֮ΪâŻĴȥɱһǺ
ֲ˼ǰҲûʲôĲĵģʱܴ죬ȴһüЦֵÿ֡ĳԱǼŰŴһѣҽУʿһ¾˲١
һޱȵսʹչһս֮У˭ʧСֻҶʲôʧûУһ߿ĵЦţһ߲סɱˡ
ս֮У˶ĵˣ˲һʧأο
ʧȻصģֱ԰ɱǶ֫죬ءûǿǣ֤ԼǿýֲˣͬʱоԺ
ȴ֧ѾƨϵûˣΩһˣȴһʥʥߡ
ھ˾޴ʧ֮󣬻ľ˷ߣͬʱɳ˴ڵɱ֧Ԯһ֧顣
ҶŰɱһɱ֮ȴ˻塣ЩǿİʱǿǣһתӣǿңԶٵطȥ
ô£ȫɵˡ
ֲҲһ㶣֪֧Ϊɶ뿪
Ҷ㡰ǱسصߣϷȫף֪ô£ЩͻȻҵָˣ
⾿ô£ˡ֧ſıϣˣ̻ô
ҲֲĹҶһüǱϾǵĴߣ˵Ӱǵķӡģһ׷
˵ţ׷ȥ
ǧСģš
Ҷܾдŵǻ̲סˡ


723 ػʥ
սеεҶ㣬յشŰǿʯǱ߶ȥ;棬ǽһƬڻ֮µ֮С
ʯ̽ԼȡһӭҶһ΢ЦǵͷѾˡֻ׳Լˡ
Ѿһƻ̽ʮֿ׵óһ鲻֪дʲôҶ㲢֣ܿҲֻһЦ
ȴҪԼˡҶ˵Ҫ뿪һӡ
ûôУʯһ¼ˡϴҪȥ
ǾͱˡҶ˵һὫڣ֮Ȼʱͨ
ǣȵͷӦûа㿹ܡ
̽ҪһæҶ˵
ϴֻܷԸˡ̽һЦ
㡣Ҷ㽫̽Ҫǹ䣬ǵĴðҳһ֮С
ס̽һͷ
ҪҪҲȥʯʡ
ãȥ˷áҶ֣̽ҲҪαװòҪй¶Լݡ
⵹ð졣̽һЦϼ°ԼʵʵȻһֻϣڶָӾˡ
Ҷ㽫ȴߡȱϾǽˣɷơȴʥʥҶȻҪߡ
һ˺ƺƵɱ䣬һ֣ʱ˻޴Ŀֻšʱ޵Ľ֮£һ䣬ȴȱٴۼµĶɱ˲ɶ
ڵһڵһŹȴʱ֯˷ƺƵɱ˳սһš
Ҷ˲֮ʱȽ磬ٽ仯ӣս֮׵ر˻֮Сδ䣬۲佨֣ҲܲµڣʱǱ˹ȥ
ʱѾҳһţ˭Ҳûע⵽ȴһ·֮ڡ
ȻҲǷһţҲҶֻԼΪڣȴһ·ͨڲ
ڲ֮Уʱƹܲǲһλ졣ʱ⸱շ꼸ӶԿ壬ͬʱԶĲȣҶҲΪ⣬ʣôˣ
ðɡҶһ嵽ǰλоʱѾοס
ͨڣҶ䣬żɽ
Ҫʲô첪ȻŭҪҶһʥ˹ȥȴʹ֮⸱ʱоӶȰΧʱܱۻҾ޴ʹҲ
ֻͨڣҪʵҡҶ˵
ãҴȥھ֮УҲֻѡ
뿪ȴһ·ǰ֮ȥǸҶЮ֣ȴҲҺоȣֻҶͨȥ
һ±ɳ֮ңһƬʯ֮СǸȥһƴǰָ΢֮˵ֻ֪㲻֪ˡǸֻ֪ѣУ̲Ŭͨͨģֻвһ˶ѡ
ˡҶ΢΢һЦַ⸱УʬֱӶ֮С
ЩʥϺòϣɲ˷ѡ
֮УҶƾŶԿռӦܿҵһ޴ĺɫСлתţȥоڶҶʥɨӣȴʵڲͣת
͸Уһ˿˿ҶееȴʥʥæһŹȥľ飬ʥ֮С
ʱŷ֣ͨȻȹ̣ȴûбͨͨӦǰս֮ʱγɣ֪ʲôԭֱգֱ񲬼һֱϵ뽫֮ٶȴͨ
Ը
ҶһֱȡԭϣԾ¯аʱһֱ˶ʮʱɣڼûܵκδţǻû뵽ᱻ룬ǻսڼ˭Ҳûʱ
ƾ֮ԼḻԴҶŻƳһѱĺšűԼʥ֮ĻͽԴ֮⣬κ˿Կ˵һʧ
Żк֮رգֿʼͨյͨһΣȥ˼ʮʱ䣬ǿһ߽ܹǿͨССͨѾ㹻Ҷֱ֮ͨУһ·ǰȥúһͨĳڡ
ȴһתУҶǰ֮˺ŻŶһ±صʥ֮С
ʥ޴ڵʥ֮Ҷֻȫˬ̲סһ
ȴ֪ʱԼںδĿ£ԶһƬǴʱ˹ȥ
м䣬ȴͻȻӦһо޴ʥƺʲôս·ʱǴȥ֮һΧһ֧СӣСΪһλǿ쵼ߣһʱȴûʲô
Ǵˣ֧Сȴֻǧˣʵ⡣СӵĴһŮһȣסǿķϵˣػԼˣ߿Уһű粻סӿţʱʱͣ٣¶һģŮ
ײҶĿһʱϳһŮеĳŮϵʥײ
֮ǰҶʥ֮Ȼ˺ܳʱ䣬ֵײԮȴһֱûмԽһȼλϸСŮԵ֡
Ǵʽײµȴһ£ʿ֪ЩҲʥսʿһǶҵĲˡ
ҶȻܾôţһһǰּ䣬һɺħѻʮֻħūޣҶһŵоɱȥ
ʮֻħūѾޱߣʥټһӳʥ֮Ҷ㣬ֱһ֧޵еĴ嫾ȻˣܾĶһͨɱ˲䣬ͱҶ׵ɱΧȦУײˡ
㣡ײһҶ㣬һ漴㻶Ҷ磡
ڶμ棬ͽС硱ȴЩȵùͷ˰ɣҶתһ룬ѾͷһûἰԼһһһҶ硱ؽţյײԾҲ⵱ԼҶĳƺˡ
ú£ڣЩһ˲㡣Ҷ΢΢һЦ̧־׹˳ȥǺµĵоʥߺ˻ҽ
һ֣ɱõоɾײĲۼָһʱҲ磬ҶĴ£ʮֻħūȫս֮£ɱöԷǱӡ
ײҲû˼׷ɱæ£ΡҶ㣬۾ģЦ˵û뵽㻹ǡ
ǡʥ𣿡Ҷεʡ
ȻײȵؿҶ㡣ôѲҶ·˲СĲģ
Ҳ·Ҷ㲻˼һЦˣҪȥ嫵ôˣ
ұҪȥӭѵġײ˵֮ǰȻܾǣȴӦǵæƽ֮ҡһλʹҪ˽ʥȻپΰæ
Ҷ㲻һҪȵǸʥ򣬲΢΢ҡͷȻһ䣺ܷһ򾿾һʥ𣿡
ĺʥ򡣡ײ˵
ʲôҶĿʱһ


724 ʥ繲֮ͬ
Ҷ磬ǡײҶɫ䣬Ҳһ
ĺʥ֮£ǻûе֪𣿡Ҷüʡ
ôˣײæʡ
ĺʥ򹴽磬Ѿ׼ʥˣҶ˵ʥ繲ͬĵˣΪ飡
⻰һڣ˶ˣֱѿڶô죿ĺʥһ
ͨͨҷյġҶ֣˵Ҹαװĺʥ֮СЩ䣬躹ޣȴǻǴѳɣѾԳ֣ôһֻ֣Ƕʱûлˡ
ţ㽫ĺʥЩսʥ˵һ飬ԣ޲ɫ
ڣɱײµ˵濪սֻ´һʥȴʥһƽ٣
ѾǵľѾƳ˾ʹڵΡҶֽԼջ˵˵˲ס̾
ô˵ͻȻӦǲǵǽռϷ磬һ飬ǵĹϵһλʥ߶ײ˵Ǵ˽֮׳ʵӶʹıΪ˼
ײɫصص˵ͷԸ
߰ɡҶ˵һͬȥĺʥ͡
áײû˵ʲôҶһ·ǰȥ
֮һʥı߾ڱ߾һССҪ֮УǼĺʥʹ
һĿϬһһλ֡һײʱ΢Цǰһ֣λǲɣʯͼĺʥϽְ֮
ҶŴˣȴ˵ĺʥ˴֡˴ǰλɱ˸ɾʣµУλϽʯͼΪˡ
ʯͼȻϵҶ㣬ȴܸӦǿϢضӣͷ⡣ֻΪҶײߵĸ֣Ҳûô̫⡣
֪˱ֵĺʥ򼦷ɹġâˣֻʱҪɫ䣬Ź֡
ϽײȻһϹŵЦ⡣Զˡ
֪Է֮Уϲɫײȴдķ緶Ҷ㲻ɰгޡ
ʯͼǺһЦ͵ƤЦⲻЦ֮ǰ֮ûгֻ֮ڳһ¡˵ˣȴǱǿϮĺԼλһ
Ȼ£ײ״ݼҶҲû
ǱΪ¹⣬ȴҲֻ˵ˣǲʯͼ̾Ϣšһ粨ǹȥˣڱڳ֧Ԯ
ֻϽһǰֻ¡ײʯͼ¶һ˿ʧı顣
ֻһˣȴֵǧʯͼЦһֱ磬ȡһоһڣųһһɸߵĽ𾧹
ǡײοɲǼװȣľˡҶ˵Щսʥһ£ۼЩǿʥһ¡
ΪоһԷת֮У֮к绢Ⱥһ㣬սɱеΪڣܷ龧ը֮γɻֻÿռ䷨ſɷκηЧãսżΪ𾧹һǣսʿһս޷֮ս֮Ϊǿʯͼ֮ɫϲؽ
һΣҴһǧоڣǧ𾧹ײЦ⡣Щʥһ֧ǿľˡǵĳ꣬ӦÿԸܵ˰ɣ
ǿĽ𾧹ɸ𣿡ҶʱͻȻڣʯͼһֲȻ˵ȫֻ֮аٶ𣬵ܲӰʥɣһɸߵĽ𾧹ģʹǧ֮࣬Ҳʲôоڲһֻ֮һǧǵĳҺǻɰ
㡭ʯͼҶ㣬һʱ˵
ĺʥȫܵģκ˶֪ǻǿսʥʱҶȴֱԼʥͶ˵˳ȴȫʯͼˡ
ô֪ʧʡ
δʥʵǵļƻһһҶ㵭˵ҪΪ硢繴֮£ùеʥ򡣡
ʯͼɫ䡣
ʣǰ˶ԼʥǼΪ˽ģȻ֪𾧹ĵϸо
ʯͼ˼תͻȻЦˣҶ㻺ͷû뵽ʥڶ֮ʣϢҲôͨⲢǵĺɣλ̨γƺ
ʲôҶЦһ
ʯͼҶûк˼תײһ֣ΣΩһһԸѣǵʵΣҲһˣǵ֧֣뾭һͳʥ¡벨˼
ҵҵǿѣѻ繴ᣬȴ˼ˡײĿñ䣬ʯͼĺʥȻʥ磬ʥΪУ£ǣкı
˵ϣҲûʲô˵ˡʯͼҲԷȫԼģɫһһ֮ʱһƬ⣬ȴһֻֻ𾧹ֱ˳һ֧һ㽫
漴ֱ̽ץһڣ׼ײҶ㣬ݺ˵Լ
ЪЪɡҶЦһͻȻڷֳһĻʯͼ壬ʯͼʱĻƣȴ𾧹´˻عͬʱҲڶһԣԼһ¹ڵء
ҶһһʥʯͼϣʱʯͼȴҲպضĿȨҪʥȴ͵һʹҽһ˵ڵأס
ײߵˣſһʱҶ˲ͽƷȴ֪õʲôطȻöԷͶһҶ㣬ĿжǾη뾪֮ɫ
㡭㷽ʲôʯͼҶ㣬ֵشš
ûʲôҶ㵭һЦʥһ֮䣬ǿдʯͼ磬оںͽ𾧹˳
Щ𾧹һܵʯͼ־ʱҪҶ㷢ѣҶĿһ֮䣬һĻȥԴԭռһ±סЩССĽ𾧹
𾧹壬ȫ죬ԭռ֮ȴǵһ㡣ȫûз֮һʵվԭأȴûһӦʯͼĺҶ㡣
ʯͼɾĿɿڴǿžʹҶ㾿ʲôˣôƵ˽𾧹
˻ʥҶ㣬Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ǸʥҶ㣡ʯͼŵɫ԰ף˵
ûȥˡ
ΪʥйҶĴ˵ʵ̫ˣൽѾľÿ֪Ҷڵˣһָоκ漣ҶϣǱ㲻漣ֻӦ֮£ôС֡
˵һҶ˵ֻҪúýʥͼұ㲻һ
ʥ֮УʯͼٴηҽСʹ࣬ǱǿҲ޷ܡ
֮УҶٴοڣñʲôʥǰʥսѾ繴ᣬʥս֮Ϊͨʧȥϵʹǵ֮ͣͲǰ֮ǰȡϵֹһͬʱǻ繴ᣬΪĲǽˣҪʥһǣԶôǿ֮Ļ֮á˵Ķûɣ
ʯͼ׾ˣΪԼӲһУҲûж塣


725 
ֻʥĶңûһӽϵܶһԸΪǳѡʯͼһߴϢһ˵
ͨѾˣǻʲôҶЦһ
㣡ʯͼٴαŻˣؿҶ㣬ȫ˵ͨĻھ֮£Ҷô֪
Ҷ㿴˵ٸһλᣬܲܺúðձ㿴Լˡں⸱ǣҿ԰
˵ײһ
ʱʯͼѾȫ̱֮Уε˵˵ȫ˵֮ͨһʧȥϵ֮£ʥ뵽ȻսʥҪʥΪȴвҲǲǡˣʥʲŶʳ֮ƣǳʥ֮ЮִΪɽŵ֮У취ɱʹӲòȫǣգִӵǻټԿƣʥ֮֡ʱ׳ٽһʳʥܳɴ¡
ɣ޳ܣײӴΧ嫽ޱȣһʯͼŭĿӣһ޲óļơ
ʯͼɫ԰ףҶţ˵ֻҪ˵㲻ɱҵģ
ҶͷһġʵҲǴ֮ͽֻΪĺʥˣòʥ֮ѡʥ磬Ϊʥ֮˲˼ֿˣȴűԼļȡĪô㲻̫޳𣿡
ʯͼɫһ죬ȴ˵ʲô
֪죬׻еþȡҶҡͷ˵תײ˱㽻ǴðɣӦʳĺʥ֮£ʱǷĽ֮ȥ
ġײһͷһô£ʾ⣬ʱʯͼѺȥ
֮ûüϸʡߵˣҶʡ
ðɡײһЦӰǱᱻƻʹ׾һǧɣټҸ¶ͼıӵʵڶ֧Ѿ֧תִ֧ӡټϸ˵ӵ֮ĶȴԽԽ˼ǵ֮СʥȨƽɫɡ
뾡ȶСҶüȻͨǿޱȣ˵ʲôʱٴνͨ򿪣ʱⲻһսʥȶôԿδս
סײͷҶ磬Ȼǲڶڤڤ˵лԵǣ硭
סҶЦˣģô˵ҲǴӵ̫ȻˣȻæѶԷϸ˵һ˵ɡ
áײͷϸ˵
ԭ׾Ȼʧȥ֧ߣ˺αļֱӿʼλ֮ȴȻҰĲļһΧǵΧıһɼ塣
ʥһʥ壬ʵӹɣټһ߻ĻƼңһͬСɡһҰļΧŶ׾γһռʥ͢ĴʥֻΪռʥ͢Ϊռƣִ֧ǲȡϹ۵̬ȡ
׾һʧƣһ̾ͻʾִ֧ʱ̾ͻת
Ǳȳ˱ΣҶʡ
ǵȻáײĿһʵҵ뷨ҲȶԸҡˣñһɴԮôǾͿ;һֲͬʱ˱֮ҲܱǵľģչǵʵЩϹ߱ͶӪʵ˵Ŀǰǵȴһ㡣˹򱱼ҵĶ飬ûĶˡ
ټص㹻𣿡Ҷ㲻һЦ
ǿ̫ˣײɻ衣
Ҷ̱ųޱ˵һͨޱͼؽ磬ּˣ
ôôҶ㲻һЦ
ȥôãô綼粻㣬Ǽˣޱſǻ˵㶼ʲôȥ˰ôʱ˵
ǰһѾҶ̾Ϣһһβȥ磬ȥһ˽硣Ҳˣȴջ޴һеȼ˵ɡʥ֮Уʹ簲һ·ȻŴʥһϣһ嫴Ӷûλ
û¾ͺáޱͷģõĿռλҶǵãò˶Ҿȥϡ
ѹŷֱ۵˼Ͽһռţȴڵ׾ΧǸǸˣҶһײص߱ϢһһռŶȥýӦޱˡ
ΪⲻҪ鷳ޱһλϽŴҶͬУ˵ȴ֮ʱƾֱӴ֮أмԼᣬΪ̲ʱ䡣
һȴ֮ڼ˴ӶޱޱҲ˲˶ӣʱһҶĻУứͣţˣҪˣ
һޱûٴ˹Ҷͥ⣬ʦźĪܡ˸ͭٺ׸ҶҾԭûжֻǽʮ˴˹
ʮȴװڸҶҾ߲֮Уû¶Ķʮ߲㾫Ӣ㽫ҶͬеϽ˫۷ֱ˵
ʮ˶Ҷ㿴һһֲ´ˣӻŵͷɲ£粻ϣҲ֪ǳʲôæ֪ôȥɲǼˣ
ǣͲˡԳͭһ˵ôҲø챨ƽʲôİɣǹŵġ
̫ˡһҡͷ
׾ޣ˳𲻱Ǿݵġоסļ߾Ҷ¸٣ֵҶҾܵõĺôʵ٣һΣȴҪȡ׾Դġ
ңҡҶһۺ󣬼æסޱοҲû취£Ҳû뵽лȻֱ׽˽֮СʱһΪٻزأ
㾿ôģޱ˺һ£æ׷ʡ
Ǳһ˵ɡҶ嫵Ͻʾ⣬Ͻæȡսһ˷ֳսʥڲȥһó֮һ޴֮ϡ
֮һƬȴûз˴ڣֻƽԭϽһĴǣʥפǵ룬һΰδǰΰԻӭҶһˡ
ӼʦΰһҶ㣬ʱǰݣҶһЦʥסֻ˸¡
Ҷ̫һļæǰʩ񡣡ζ㼰ʱϵȻĺʥĵȴ˵Ҫķһνһǵ˳ѣȴʥѰ
ʦ˵ٵĺʥǱͨΰʱ̲סЩʡ
ǡҶһͷҲֻǿһʱɡǻҪȫ׼ʱֹǳʥ硣
Ȼΰæͷʦ˵Ҫ԰ǶԸ׾
Ҷһ֣ΰܸˣ˼æһһҶҾһǿ߻ʺá
һȺ˵ʵĿõǿҴʱҲ˸ǿװȻһһƷޱȡ
Щλǿ°빦ɸ˵صͷޡ
оءޱЦ˵һ֣һ磬ַ˴˳
ʮװ֮ǰͬһɫǾͷס壬ϹĻսɱ죬һԵѪ֮߳רոɱһ㡣
һ֧װ޲ɫ


726 ֮
ҶҲûϵһ֧ô㱻ȫװ
Ĳ˵ʮһĿǰٴʯŲ߲ݵظϹҲ겻ôʥ
ޱĿѯ֮⣬ޱϬڱ֪ҪʲôһЦؿ˲Ŷʢأ
˲ŶʢҶ㲻ˡԼȻ뿪һʱ䣬ʵҲǺܳôʱ֮ڣڵʲôʵı仯ɣ
ڵ£ʥ˳ȥʱܱߵĺ䶯ޱЦ˵ֿ֪µ֮󣬶׷þͷ֪ʱ֮ӦŽһ£ҲӦ˽־óûһôҲ֣ϾһпɶǵĹͣûǣû㣬ǵڻڹսһ֪Ҫأ
ͺ̸ˣҶЦһ
Ȼˡޱ޽˵Ҳû̸ģֻҪʥʦһƾͷսʥճ֮Ƕ԰֡һʹشӦˡﰡȴżʥʦأ
ôˣҶһֲ֮һϲôʥʦѾţˣЩڣʲôʥ
ʵѾͦˡޱ˵սʥˡ챤ܺռŵҶðٴʯһؽ̸ˡЩʦñӳǣҲߣ֮жѧһЩء
ҶЦŵͷҲֻôʦһ𣬲ܿٵضѳ֧ҪΧʵȴ֧ǿжԿľ⵹Ҳ;ޱɵúã
֪ҡޱϲʤ
ʱȴײԶ˹һҶ㣬ͼɫ糺죬ԶʹţҶ磬ڻ
ˡҶͷ΢Цһƽ˶֮ߡ
Ҫ߰ʱ¶ʧɫ
ҲܳʥѽޱЦдһ㲻̫Ѻõ˼
ѽޱ㡭ſޱɫһ졣
ιǻʥǻ飬ͷֻҪ˵æתƻ⡣ڷƷѾʮһ붼ﴩˣȻ޴ҲǧѻȽƣŴƣѾγ˹ģδǧֻ
ΰɶ
ﻹĺʥʯͼнɻһǧоںǧСͽ𾧹Ҷ˵еһӦƽⳡ˰ɣ
̫ˣ̫ˣؽšǿԽһɨƽ
ǾͺáҶһͷ²˳٣Ȼ˼ƣôڱִаɡϢй¶ȥ˶Է׼ʱ䣬ֻһ̾Ͳô˳ˡ
ãæͷһ˽ʽ֮УչͼҶս֮
ǿʵܣһսԿʩչ˫̶ܿ˼ƻȴƺƴعʥ山ңȱһɴԮ֮ʱҶҶҾɱһһֲ
ǵʵΣҶʡûĹ±ң
ҶҾȵȻԶˡֱԲ䡣ҪΪǵĶʵɶɵģвһЩͶȡߣս֮вȫġ
ɣҴŶ飬ȫǹңҶ˵
Ǵ͸ˡΪѵ˵һɱ˿ڶǿߣĶǾӢеľӢǡ
ǴǰǴ򱱼ңûҡͷ̾
⡭ȷʵ㲻ˡ
ˣȴ۾һæ׽ͣҶ༫ռţͨЩŻȫƶġʱҶֻҪһЩҪסһɽ·ߣȷֱһɵĶʱ֪ͨҶ磬ҶͿԴӴռſٵ㣬һһֲģ
ԭˣȻ
˵ȴĺʥջˡҶ磬ȡһĺʥҪš
ĺʥغֻæŽЩսʥоΪ̫ۣȴһֱ֮бֱʱó
ⶫСš˵ֻҪĳһռţСôߣʱ䡢ص㣬üֱʹŵõĴռŴ
Ǻö˫۷Ź⡣
ѽޱҲɿҶЦҲʱ򰡣ϴλʱôû˵ⶫóأĪרҪߣø׼λðɣ
ֳԴˡЦС˵
ҿⴿ˶°ɡæҶΧ
ֻϧֻһ顣ǰƴĶסҡͷ
Ҵ˴εͽһУȴмջЩϣȴ㹻ƳһˡҶһЦ磬ѡȡ֮вʺռŻľʯֱó¯Ҫʼ
ֲ϶¯УҪ¯֮ʣһĸоȴüͷһ塣ޱͨʱ֪Ƿʲô֮£æʣôˣ
֣Ϊȡ¯ȴһʤεĸоҶ㶢ž¯
˭ʤΣ̲סһ䡣
Ǿ¯Ҷ˵ȥʹʱܾǿޱȣʱǿڡȴǸԶٵļ߻ɫˡ
˵ֱ˰ɣʡ
ҲɡҶ㻺ͷҲҪĶȴѾΧҪȴǿˡ
˵꣬ҲΧЩʥ߾㵵Ŀ⣬ֱȡһ龧ʯһɽ֮ʥĻ֮͸ṹ֮һͶ¯ڣһ¯һԼʥ
ʱʥȴǻܡ֮Ĺģµ֮ڵĿ֮һЩʯʱܲסӰʼ
¯Ļ棬ȴҶ߶֮±øΪʢǿ󣬲ʱͽоʯںҶʥʥһƬ֮УЩʯͽͬپҶʥ죬γһֻʤǰ¯
ʱҶص˵ͷЩռľʯͶУʥʥž¯֮
ʱľ¯¯ṹǸӣ֮ҲнƽĻ͸һеǰǿ󣬶ҾȻҲǡ
Ǿȴǻһ㣬ÿһԼ뷨ͬʱҶ֮⹲ͬЭ»棬ʩ֮Ӧ֡
һյ蹤Ҷһ¯ʱϰٵâ¯ΧУȴϰöš
񼼣񼼰ʥв֣ʱҶһ򣬲ɾôס˷̲ܵס
ҶԼҲû뵽Լʱ侹ȻộЩȵشž¯ٸӦԼ˵ʹ졣
ҵõԭ֮ıҲڴˡͷ͸˷ܵĹâãҾٺúÿҵı¾ʲôز˰ɣ
̧֮䣬һɽһʯɽһͶ¯УҶĿ͵һٵ


727 
¯ھ¯ɢĪʥֲ˵Ǻ֮ɢиӦ¯֮ߣ޲ɴ۾֮鲼ա
ڤڤ֮Уһע뵽¯֮Уŭһɴ۾ΪΪĻظӦıԴ֮
ҪʹܣΪתгȡСֵܣҶʱõȣֱˮαڲ׺
ǿҶǵӦ֣һӹ֮Ҷ͵شһһ¯¯ʱ¯ǣһ⻪зջһ¶ֽʵ
ЩӿĻ⣬·档·ͬһӵӵ֮ڣȴһֽ֮⣬·ǺһЩ·š
һףȴǻĻ˵ǿޱȣ˿Ҷϵ
ΪµǣҶһ¯һǧף
һӹƳһǧϵȵʥףʲô
ֱ
ףףϸӦĴڣɵԲ۾ʱͽϵУҶ㣬һ״
ãҶһͷ֮䣬һʱһϣʱ̣ϡ͵سһ»Σ׾ȻҲ֮仯γһףȻ˿Ϸشϡ
װ˵شһʥʥԶЩͨʥܱģ
һ֮Уһʥ֮֮֮֮Ҷ㻺˵ȻʤǰЩףҲҪôһ㡣ҿΪסɡ
񼼰˵ͷ̾
֮һ˵Щˣǰ޹˺ߵ񼼣¼һҶ̫ⲽˡƬ̹һǧףҵ죡
ΰԼλʦȴ˵ˡ
ѡʥеǿߣһǧ׷ȥɡҶ˵ҳ⹤һͨףʹá
ǡǣΰò֪˵ʲôãæԸ֪ͨڽϿʥ
ϢһȥʱһλλҴææϡҲһЩ첻Ϊ⣬Ϊô£ͬ벿ڴϢʱġеһ֮һ۾ʱֱˣȻƴͬźѻ·Ϣǿ˺öûˡ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£һϵڽ죬˶һףЩԶĽ¾ûʲôˡ
ܵףЩǺԱá
ΰȻԼʦŰپʮżһҲû˵ҶҾáܼ򵥡ҶףֱͺǺˮһףΪҶĵӣʦٿʲô
ͨʥףҲҪʹľʯɽҶֱӵеʥϣҪһϣֱӼӹʱĹ򣬾ʮ
ЩҲһ㣬ҶҾ߲ϴֲһ顣ЩҪΪսʿģܴﵽּѾģԶ֮κһľˡ
ΰֵúϲ£죬æ׷ŸԼġĲӴսʱɰ
ҶȴҲЩˣ˾¯˵ڵ֮ܣ죬ȴҲ޴ޱȡ»һսȴʹ
Ѿ㹻ˣΰޱȵ˵
һҾʵֹæ˵ʮڣȴԵȥʮʮʹðɣҶֱ̫ˣ
ˣƨͲˡֵһ֣װװˣǿ㶯ְɣ
ãһͷʱ֮ǰļƻű󣬶ҶƺõȱظҶҾһڸ߲㣬ǼĴ뿪˶ȥһϵʥ뱱֮ؾ֮·ϣѡһ۵Сǣһռš
һв׵ҶǼĴؿռţԼ˹ȥϣһűҶȥ
嫱ңλ֮һʮ磬Լطḻ֮֮УһƬȫУ˵Ǹޱȣ˿ɼҶӴһս˵أһ֮£ӦĸģͷǴõط
òãǵˣЦһ
֮ս㵽Ƭһž޴ɫǰϵķʥʱ𵴶ս档
ĻЩ棬㷢˽һʱ䣬һӶսгɱǿֱ֮ӷųЩӣɱȥ
֮ڣʱҲɳʥߣһҲ磬ųһӶӾΪ׵ʥ߽һʥʣʲôˣıӵ𣿾Ȼұ£
ľǱңЦһһʥش𡣡Ǳӡ׾ۣͬ񹲷ߣձҪеȺҳӣ
Ϊһ漴ŭǺôĵӣҳǲŶԣѾʥȨӦƳ췴ȫ
ûպㆪ¡һֱ´˹
˲䣬ʮսʿǰڴ׵Ľ쵼֮£ŵ˷˳档
δʥȴѾһǧ𾧹ǧֻѻһ˵оӪǧֻѻһͬſڣһ֧֮ʱһƬǿոǣڻŽ𾧹ɱǰ˶̱ӡ
ҶҶҾҲûţʮ˴ʱ˳һֳϴſµЦɱǰ̧־һܼ
һҶҾĽ죬Ҳɱǰɵ˷ܵ˫۷Ź⣬һѾף˶ͬһո
ɳĶ飬ֻˣΪʵû뵽Էôɱʮ֮ڣǴһʥʥ֮սҲ㹻ˣԸһʥ壬ʵеɱ󵶵˼ˡ
Ĺǰ˸û취ֵӵıʥһʼ翹һ£һʶԷŵɫֱһӻС
һܣʱɢӲսͷȴʱŵĨ͡һһ̸ǲôˣӵĶֱβ׷ɱ׵ؾɱ˱֮С
棬һ̾͸ôˣһ˶סλ½ĵشıʥǳɱȥʱӿеϽΧ
˳׻ˣһٵ֯ھһȴʱűһȡҶԵظӦʥĳʥ֮ٵط˳ȥԶ΢΢һЦ
ڵһʥǵһʥ壬ʱ򣬾Ȼһӱ㼯ʮػס˱ʥǡһЩսʥҲ̧˳ȴҲһžڣʥķΧǽ֮ϣſһͨ
ЩʥڣеֱֱĹеɢĻ𻨣һЩűУҲǲס벻ףȴָ˭ȣҶҾװЩˮȫԶһԿҲһˡ
ҶҾôӾӣҲܿٵعʥ򣬽ɱɱץץսĿȴ𱱼ô򵥣Ҫһ㣬ԴڽĿ֮£ȴװһʱ䲻ܹ˵ӣ뱱ֵش˸൱
ȻҵбĵģҶһȴһ˵˶ûС


728 ɱ
嫵Ǻ֮Уһռ˸Ĺâһǿһǻ۵С֮ϡ
ҶЯޱ֣һж˵Ĵӵ֮´ǰǰϣңԶǿա
ĵܴϢһӣǵĶӦõˡ˵
ǼֵռţһߣռأҶ㴫Ϣ⼸ռɢʥͨ;Զֱֵţʱűһһ˵Ķ
ڱҷȲ֮ʥ˶һֻ޴սűҵķһ·һķţһΩֻȥ˸ϲȵļơ
ʥ򲢲ĺʥûôǿĿռţǵĿռŴǷҲҪʮλϵʥһųɡһȴԶֱӳսÿ죬Ϊұ֮У벢Զ
Ĵռ֮£ֻսΣнٶȫգҶҶҾʺϵʱϵ㣬ʱҶָ֮£ɢ
ǼֵܣҲ˻Լĸλϰغá
ֻ֮޴սɰֱűҵķȥҶһ£һҶҾǿʱԸɱ˳ÿ˶ϵڣ׼սһͨ䡣
ʮŹⵯͬʱսսʱ𶯲ֹǧٿסսһͣһʥзӶһ˵ָ֮£ٵųһӦսΣʮһʥߵзɳ֮Уγһ
ʲôôӣǿź⣬һʥɢҶҾÿ˵С
˾ǱһɣҶеһλ嫽ָ˵
ҶһɣֻĽ˶һõҲӢȫǿʥȷڣȷһλѵõĸ֡
һɣǴΰʦҶ㡣Ҷ㻺ˣŶԷĴݶ
Ҷ㣡ŴһҲǳһ񼸺Ѿʥ磬ȻʥΪӶȨݣϢȫգҶĴȴҲǴ˸߲ǵĶС
ʱҶ㾹ȻѾΰʦһʵһ
ҲһһܾôⶫɿǱһ֮£ȴЦ
Ű˻ʥҶʵǿޱȣŴ촫棬յüȴҲһˡһﺮâ˸ⶫȻǵġҶ㣬Щˣʮʥڣʮδ̫˰ɣ
񣬽ֱ֪ˡҶһЦһһᡣһɣʶ˴֣Ӽ׾ۣͬԸ˳ӣ㻹ԱڵĵλҲһһ㡣
סڣһɴһұˣʵʥҵԸΰǰųߵͷ
ˣҶЦô˵һʼǱûΪȴ׾֣ͬѳˣ
ûㆪ£һɲԾ¶֮ģԼҲһЩȫԼϵҲȥһʱɢʥָŴҶһ˶ȥ
Ȼڤ粻飬Ҳû취ˡҶ΢΢һ̾ʱ˻֡
֣õҶߵʱɢһʥʱΧʱɱ˳ԽеĴųһʱ䣬ʮԲͬһɵĶΧ
ԸȺˣҶҾȻ֣ɲ֮һֻֻѻӶŵܼ꣬ǽ֣ûͷûԵ˹ȥ
ΪֲģȴڡЩħʥɱһ־¶˼µǾɶ嶾ȡľ޶ٴʯʦӹ֮ȴʤ֮ǰħʥõĶһУʱӿһƬƬɢ֮Уһսʿ˫۷̣סӷʹ׷ǿ֮һš
һ֣ҶҾȫԸһλλǿߺ֮£һɵľӸ޷ֿ
һɵ۾ˣϲҶĶ龹ȻǿȻԼҲǶʮԷıֱһȺ޴СһȺװݵľ޺Ǹûа㻹֮
Ҷ㣬ɱ㣡ŭ֮£͵طǰһ֧ǧʥɵľӢӣ͵ǰɱЩӢһʥףֳʥǹǹϵâ䣬趯֮䣬ȴܲǧһҶƾˡ
ҵҪ嫾ǿǿʲôزҶ΢΢һЦϼӳʥһ·ɳ飬ӭűһɶȥ
ҶҾ˶ҶıȻģȴûһһɱȥޱҲһҲģָֻ˰Χоɱ
ǧҶҲҴ⣬ʱնʹǾ޴֮˸ա͵һȭʱһ󣬻ħٴ󣬽ǧྫӢ뱱һ
һҲһħٴ֮УʱȡһԲǾޱȣһâҫ󣬱㻯һ׺ݵڿռһ֮СһβڹϷӿţϻһռϣȻռ䣬ֱͻƶ
һһħٴ󣬱ľһĻֻҶȡһֻӣһ֮ʮֻǿޱȵĶʥ޷˳һɢſµϢħٴ֮УԼЩڲͬռ֮еĲɱȥ
Щʥ֮ǿֱǾ춯أκһֻ֣һʥûȡʤİգʱʮֻһɱ˵һȴɴ˸£ҶĿУ˾η
ʱ֪ԭŲȫģһ˵Ҷʵ
ﻢ£ս·һҧеľһ٣һҹһ
ɲǼ䣬һ˳ȥҶҶ˵ͷһȷʵһ˲õʥʥȴһЩ
˵̧־һ˳ȥײǹ֮ϡǿĹʱŤһʿзŤһ㣬رΣһЩ⻷һ飬·׹ء
һɫһɲǼִȡһʥȴһ컨ϻ֮ΧϢ档˻һ٣ߺһ滨棡
ʱһ沨ǻΪɢͬһһӿϢǻ沨Уɢ仯ΪҶķ򣬲ϵӿȥ
ұȻҶ㲻Цˣҵġ
һ´򿪣¯з˳¯һ´򿪣һŤ˲ӣǰһ棬һ¯ʱĪеĻ沨¯Уֱɣ
ʲôһɱˣ
ǻ沨ҶƣҲ˾ȣԼǿ滨ųĻ棬ȻҶʥֱɣʵѾ
ⲻǷҶ΢΢һЦľ¯ֻҵһ߶ѡ
ߣһɵˣ֮Ȼôʹã
Ҷͷǹʱپ¸Ѿֻ¯ӣԵʹá԰ɡ
˵һ¯ʱſŵˣһ𻯳һƬ𳱣űһӿȥ
һɫһҧȡһʥȴһǽϹ䣬ȴɫһ㡣
͵ؽУӶһ¹֮ʱ潣ɣǰһĴ


729 սֱ任
»԰Ĵ󣬵мʵ¯ĻײϣȻ赲ס˰Ρ
Ҷ¯һģʱ˫۷Ź⣬͵һڻǻһӿǰ»Դֱյɢ٣űһӿ˹ȥ
һУһɷȫӿž͵һǰ𳱻һƬհ׵ش
ΣĴȻǰƻȴ಻һɵǰںľձǴһûյʬ޴档
һ֣ʹ˻ҷ
Ҳû취£˭ԵҶ㣿һλĽǿߣԴ֮Ҳǿˣ
һʥеĶǿߣǿһֿΣҲѾ˰ɡ
һһ֧ʱʧȥ˿ƣһڱһ뱱ҵʥ߽죬ȻƴսЩֱʥ͢Ľսʿȴû֮ġҶۼһӵļʱɢʥ߲ɱ翹
һʥڵо֮ɢЩѾûսߣеֱ·ȥеԥ֮䣬£˳սͬʱҶ͸¶˽⡣
һˣȴжԴӸΪߡֻڱһɵľУ˵΢ʥĴȫΪҲֻ沨һûᣬɴûͶΰҲýѵĽ֡
Ҷ㵹Ҳⲿ˼ʱ˲ⲿ˽ͬʱʥǣǰġ
ߵս½ӽβҷսҲѾҶ㴫ȴѾռ˱ʥǣס˱Ҽǽ֮еıɨƽȻɴӹˡ
Ҷһ£ҶҾƸһ翹߾ɱ
ǿ֮УʬһҶЩ֫壬ҡͷ̾һнǵȨߵҰȴƽ޹ο࣬οֻࣿЦΪС㳲ΪֻʳƴʵֺγˣҲãʥҲãк죿
ڳ֮У˭Ҳסޱߣ˵šǽ֮УҲֻ棬Ŭû
ǰҶ㻺ͷһ·ԼȴҲΪһ̰ڷܶ
Цһ˸п֮ģָҶҾɨս
Ĳ㣬Ǵӱһɴõʥ㲻Ƿʹе嫽֪ʥһΪһΪ滨һΪն½Ǳ˲õĴ֮һܳڶ֣Ҳǽǿʥ
Ҷ˵ͷֱӽʥ磬ǽģʥıҲ̰ͼһύҵĵΰ
̫սƷȻ⴦ãؽġǽ켱˵漴һЦʥȻ˵ã̫˵Ȼ벻÷۵ġһٴ°ɣ
㵹Ϊΰ밡Ҷ㲻Цˡ
Ϊ˳ǽҲЦȻΪʥϷ˼ˡ
ս֮ҶҶҾ˱ʥ֮УΰӻϡһսжûκʧֻͨսʿһЩ߶ѡһδսνǴѹԵƣֱƽʥ山ңȥ󣬱Ȼ壬Щ岻ԼӦ˭ס
һս֮Ҷ㲢ûȥǴҶҾһΰһ𽫱ҵա
ЩͶĽ죬ΰ֮⣬δܿӷλΰͶ٣ֻ˵ǵҵԻʧ˷;ػ;ȴֵף֮£ΪǴھӼЩһм㡣
һսʮмӻʥʱʹʥԾ׷׿ʼºλӱǿ֪˻ʥҶѾΪΰʦֳ˱һɣǶʮһľȥЩֻ洫ŵҶ¼±˽֮Сھ̸֮УŵĻ⡣
˿ʼ¿ԼӦվ֧ˡ
Ҷ㵱ԡ𡱵ݴʥ򣬶ҵ׾͵ӣʱҲѿЩӻʥĽսʿ֮УҵֱߣǵʱһɵĻʱΪֺҵȥԼս֮ȴζƵ˱һϣͼӴ׵ؽһҪЧ׾ĻѧҵλС˫ðڿʼ׾֡
׾Ķ֣ȴձ׾ҳҵȫһĿܡ
õϢ֮󣬲ɴϲ
̫㵱Ϊ˲͵ӣ˷ܵضҶ˵Ƕ֣Լȴȴˣ¿ɺã׾ɴ˺ҵԼˡ
ҵܵܡΰֹʲôҲû˵ֻ̾һ
ܵȻɺޣϾͬ⣬ܵ׾Ю֣ȴֲ̡
һ֮Ǻ¡Ҷοʱ̫֮أɸ֮ʣȴҪ¡
סΰͷ
һõĻᡣҶ˵׾ЮֶӣʥȨѾ췴ɡӦڸ壬ַͬ׾Ӫȶӣ
Ǻüƣͷһκλ׾ͬߣȻ췴泼˵ö֮ҵҪ˭Ϊ飡
±ƻꡣҶ˵׾ҹȻôһǱƵ˾·òˣȴǻܿһеİաһЩǿȻѾͬ˵ľȻҲóȻж
⵹ͷܵ˵ʥܱߵĸϲǱʾ˹˳֮⣬͸¶˼ֻ翹Щһֱӹʥأ
ʥܱ߰ɡҶ˵һеҲԸδ˳һ˼ѡĻᡣ˵ʱѡͶ˳ʡǵֱӹʥֻЩ岻֮ʣ׾Ծջ󣬶סջΧǳ֡
̫Ȼǽš̲ס޵
˫
˼һĿӦ׹״򣬵ֵλ͵ǱһλΧΰǿ߻ڵĻƼҡ
ƼҲǹϵĴʥ壬ֻԳ˻λǿ֮󣬲׳Ϊһ֮㣬ƼҵʵȷʵڣҲܳΪ̳ϵ˻Ȼ˵ʵ˱һɣȴʼڱһ֮¡
ĸʵڱһ֮ϣҶϢ֮ȴǰһ
ǡͷǲʥ֮һɱذڻ֮֡ڵлǽλ֮ʱһǰݡ顯ʵһǴ˴ѹ˵˼û뵽ûʥ£ȴЩڻ֣֮ƾŶϺǻۣʹӮ˻
ΪûǿԻȫǸܻ쵽ⲽҲʵסײ˵ˣҲϧֵȨ
ôڹپӺλˣҶʡ
ʹǰһϾְ֮˵Ȼʵǿ󣬵Ϊ˲Բ׾Ҳ̫
ôǲƼҡҶ˵ڻƼҽѡһʥ˵
Ǻ⣿⡣
ƺһЩײĿһ̲ס˵
㣬ʲôˣæ
ײҶ㣬΢΢һЦҶ̫˵ɲҪЦҡ
㽲Ҷ㵭Цš
ҪʩѹȻ£ԲԣײЦʡ
ȻҶ㻺ͷ


730 ս
Ҳˡͷ˵ֱӹƼҲͿˣαҪȹʥ壿
ƼѹҶ˵ֻûƼǵսʤǲŻѹʹΪ˼ǵͷҲܱƼҵĳͻһʼͶԸƼңҾʵĻƼңضѡԿĻˣ;ͲˡҾͶЩߵļҲؼǺǣΪ
ʦܵƼǵͷͶĿ𣿡ΰ̲סʡ
һֱܵѹƣӵʵȴòӦְλһ粻ƽˡҶ˵ֻΪ˳ȴûа㷨ӡǸһᣬضҳǡΰ֮ô򵥣ܷԦֻͶһ˲䣬Ҫպ֮ܺúüԦ˻ΪһԱսʱܱʥڵĸܶౣһͶౣһɡ
ˡΰæʩ
һ˾һ飬ײѡһʥ¡ҡ¡ҵؾڻƼҸ˵ǻƼҵھӣʵȻƼһҪǿһЩΪҪǣ¡ҵļ׾ϵһ㣬ƾŰͽֺã׾㵽˲ٺôЩôƽʱŲ˿һǱϾ·ǱȻչֳ
ʱƼһῴǵ̬Ҳһʧ⡣
ڻò
鶨֮ҶԴӣ¡ҶȥѸײڶ֮ɱ¡ҵ֮С
ҶҾ¡ҵ֮У¡ʱҳһţֲֳͬг߼ҵţеսףеͶգսѹͶɣʱڵ֧ȫƴ˴յγʮڼʥأ׼һս
ϢܿҲ˻ƼңڻƼʥʥ֮УƼҵļĸ׻Ӣüⲽ¡ҵĽ֡
һλۼӢûͣµ˼òվǰס˻Ӣ·ԥˣݺ
¡ҵǸǿ󡣡һλҲվ˵ƽʱԼĸʥ壬ҪѹһͷǸĺû᣿
¡ˣһ˵ֵǻƼˣǵŻӢĳϽе
Ǿ㽫ڵľҲʮҡһλϳ˵һɴʮʥ򾫱дսʥȴҲ˼ˡ˼
֮жʮλϣʱȴĬǵŻӢĳ˵ʲôһѾˣȻڵһĸ֡
֮λȴȻûֵӵͷϣŽĳһ׾ǲǷҲӷϣ
ʵֻҪίȫ·ӭЩɻڴ¡·˵
һڳȴɶü˰̾Ϣ˵ʲô£Ѿڵһ֣ȴҪɫӣѵѧ¡һͽֺ׾
ϸȴҲ˻ӢĶУüͻȻһ䣺ڴ˵Ⱥһˣ
ǡһڳһæ
¡Ӣһֻ֣ǵ¡Ǳ߿һҶ㵽жǿʵҲçײµġ
ֱӴȥɣ·˵
ӢһۣĿб֮ɫһȥˡ
κӣһ˿ٵ뿪ʥ磬¡ҶȥСĵһ·ǰ¡ҵʥ總
ǰֵģһĻĳ
ʮ˴ǿ֮ų󣬽¡ʥȫΧǳĬĿ飬ͷһɫʥСϣҲȫǻԵʥһޱȣʮ㣬ȻֻǳӢʥ߼ˣҲҪһ亹
İսӢ̲ס̾š
ٿ¡ҵľӣξԵɢҲˡαȲ˶ԷսʿǵʿҲԷҲѹ֣˭ŷףŷԶʮʥװˣ϶᲻
ûУиƨơ
¡ȴҲȻԼʿķ¡ҼȵͬʱҲʥɢȥÿһ¡սʿԼ¡ҵӵǣվ¡ʱ̣ǰֻһ·ǾѪսףԷκ·ҪԼ˫ֿٳһѪ̳ɵ·ѾʥԮʥĴò˶ñɱֻҪܼסʤǣ
¡꣡һʥ߸ţڴսʿǵʿѾʥΧ˲һ룬սпս;Իѹ֮£ηһʱҲһսʿѪڣƴһսΪԼɱһ·
ʱҶҾȷӶ
׼һλ¡ʥ߸ţʱһܼܾʥǴȡ˳ǿ֮ųһĴЩǧ֮࣬һǧܾȻʥľɢĪĻûӢһľ
ȻϵΪƼȴǱ׼սʥǾӲ䱸
üһ¡ҾȻôսʥΥʥ֪͢һ˽رͼıﰡ
ӢԼеװɲҡͷƼΪ˲Ӱ;ȴ´Сģսʥֻ˽˰ʮѣ¡ȼֱ֮
Щ󱻼ɲǣҶҾȷҲдͷʥһ֣ʱ򿪣ȴһǧܸľ󱻴ȡ˳Щһ֣ʱʥʥţųһδ󣬼ǧսʿɿƶȥһһܾ󣬶׼¡ˡ
䣡¡ҵĴ󽫺һǧܾʱһ֧֧޴ȷӶȥ
Ӣæо񣬶סҶҾȷӵ
ʱҶҾһǧܾҲˣǷĲֱֱȴһ޴Сÿһܾ󣬶УһǧܾȴǧУ
Щշţһĺи¡ҵľ޼һ֧֧޼սʵ÷飬Լȴͣ£ٴǰתȥ¡ҵ֮Сʱҽ쳹ǿգѪҲɽһ¡ҵսʿǰֿĻᶼûУ㱻и顣
ֱӱеҪĵҲˣһЩ˱жϣǱֶϽţʹòҽвֹȴˣֻǿ֮вͣǾ·һ㡣
Ӣɴ¡
սʿǵ屻иЩľҲпٵиֽ⣬Ʈɢ÷
´ʥ߽죬ʱʧӱһУǱޱȣȴ޷֯ӣָǶԿ֮ꡣ
ϣս¡ҵļɫشš
ĺʮλ¡ҵʥ߷ǰּ̧磬һǰŻ̵սڿУȻа˰֮ࡣ
Ӣһ
սΪǹ峵ǰĻɻ֮߶󻯳ɣ޴󣬾ʥ֮Ҳֵסһײȴʥ͢ҽװ˵ʥ֮Ҳһ¡ҾȻһ¾ó˰ֱˣ
Ӣɫʼüˡ
ޣúޣ
ԼĶڵһ֣ȴܵõǵһӦõĽ֮λԼʥʥĹ²ԽأȴֿͽֺõõȨƵʥѹƣ
ƾʲôӵƼƾʲôӵǹ峵
ȴʲôҲûУƾʲôҪǣ֧Ԯǣ
ӢѾ⣬һԼǿˣȴ¡ҡ
ʱҶҾȷоȴʼǰ˰ǹ峵˳档
Ƿ𣿻ӢҡҡͷҶ㲻ʶǹ峵ʶðɣôûҶ㣿
˼֮Уײһ
еҶҾѣɢ龰ûг֣෴ڴļλʥ߻֮䣬ǧֻһɳʥѻǵзӶſڱܼĻ֮꣬һ½ǹ峵С
һּ꣬ó峵һæңڳ峵֮пƳ峵սʿû⣬Ըһˣŵÿ˿ȴʹöǹ峵ûȫ׼汣ݳߵʥҲûϡ
ݳսʿҲ֪һѾˣʱżȥҪĵȫ飡
ʱսʿǳս


731 Ƽҵѡ
һμʶսĻӢʵһ
ǿŲ۵սǹ峵ɶԶʱͱսʿǻţ֤漣ʱ̾ˡֻǹ峵ûнӴսУȴʱһкۡ
к峵ڲֱӾҪ˳峵ڼݳߵ
ʧȥ˿Ƶĳ峵äĿײţǲŵؿٺˣЩѻǰȥצһ峵סȻôˣ
Ӣһ亹
Ƕ̱ӵһĻһĻȴ𺳡ۼһλλսʿɵػӶǿµսɶԶ֮ͽһ¡ҾӢն䣻ۼЩսʿһֻֻ󣬽Զ¡ҾӢǧٿס
òǿ߳嵽ЩսʿߣеʥкȻȴЩϵסǴϷʵı飬Ἰͽ˴ʥһͬնƬ
û򡭡
ӢĥԼĻƼұҶľʲôȻԼ϶¡ҡ
˵ҪҲûʲôҲ˶Чѡ
ҶҾĸ߲£Ҳʼֵʱ򣬻Ӣͳɵˡ
ʮշ裬棻ʥչ˫ᣬƣžףǼչȭţսԣͬ򰵼ųĬһ̧־ǼУʮֻͨʥԳݺ۳ңȭƵƵԳͭſ죬Ļ棻񣬵룻磬սһƬƬѪꣻռߣǣŭ̧־ǻ죬ȼķ
ӢãЩżҶҾսʿܰԼƼһؼء
˰ѺڲٿˣΪԽ¿ԼԽľսԽûĵ뿪սžֻػƼȥˡ
˻𣿡ʱޱ˻ӢǱشҶ㡣
ˡҶ㵭һЦϢңֻ˭Ҳֲˡʵ㲻ǻƼҼҲӦǸ߲λȨߡһսӰ쵽ƼδĴˡ
Ȼ˶ˣǾͿսɡе嫽˵
áҶһͷʱ´ҶҾÿ˶ʹȫ
һ¡ҸǶ֣һս֮Ҳø³
ȵʥ͢Ԯĸϵʱ¡ѾݡԷɭϵľʱ¡ʥ͢Ԯûѡ񹥼ᣬѡȴ
֮¡ҵѾȫգţҶҾӾһʮƺƵ˻Ƽҵ
ѹȴûмŶֻ֣ǽƼҵʥΧ
ҶЯΰ֣һɵǰɢƼҼӢڣһ
Ƭ֮󣬻Ӣڶʮλͬ·˺ǿ֮⣬Դ
ƼֻЩǡҶŻӢͷһЦ
ұǴŻƼоӳԲʲô仯ӢҶ㣬̾һǲǵĶ֣ҶѾӵȵϢܸ֮ϻԮҶ֮ڶһ޶ӢۣС֮°ɣҶҶһսΣ
Ǵ̣Ǳ䡣һӢɼĴս˫ѾӴյƾˣٰڿƿս
ӢһĲ
Թս֮һֱì֮Сսǽû⡣ӻﴫصϢʾ׾ҪȡһԱʽķ򷨣Ŀռʥ͢Ʊסģ˾ȫӾռ죬Ҳ¡
ΪʱӵıȻɢʱ׾Ϳþ£ǿʼϵңʱӾ뱻ˡ
һ벻ƽڡС򲻶ս֮Ҿ֣ͽֹæȥҶȻǿҲܲܰ˻ʥ֮¶һֱʥһߣҶ뿪ʱ׾ͻᷢôƽ֮ʣƱһٽ
ΪսڣܱĵʧȻӢѾԮ׾رǰ
ͶȴΪСˣҽΰζԸƼңδ֪֮
ƼΰʾñŻӢ΢΢֣ӢܳҪ֪ȻڵжӪΰݱϾȴʥ֮ӣǻӡ
ңӢæʩ
ʵǲǴŻԸΰҶ֮ǰ̺Ļ˵֪ƼҶʥĹж󣬸֪ʥ͢Ƿ˻ƼҶ١ʵ˵֮ţ⽫֮λӦˡ
ӢĿһȻǱ˵¡
ֻôһʼֱӶˡΰ˵ǵʵƼӦ
ǡӢɵõ˵ͷһĿõս;ȫ
ҰϧǸ˲ţֲƽܵĲΰ˵ƼһᡪƼȰͶҰɣҲǻҳӣӦʥʼ̳ߡҳŵǻͶ֮λ
⡭Ӣԥˡ
һ棬ԷǿԽԼѹɷ۵ľ޴һ棬ԷԼ֮ľ޴ôջʵѵֵ
˼˽ս
ɣλ·սĳʱ˵Ѿʥ͢ʥ֮ôͶѾ
һѾ׾ʥ֪ˣѵ֪׾ͽЮֻ԰ѳʥ򣬲֮Ȼң㻹ҪΪ泼ӣ˵ö֮
һλʱͷӢȰ׾ӣǲΪΪ
ǺãΪҲֵˡһλϵ˵ζǻƼҵģζӵģ
ƼΰһЦ֮ǰ뱱һһս֮ʱཫͶȴѾӹٽԼǡ
⻰һڣʱλʥ߽˹ӢͷƼҪԥˡҵȵǱƲѲͶӣͶ֮󣬲δӷְӰ֮İ
ǡǲ֮ţڵһ֣ͶԶҵȰ
⻹ԥʲô׾ЮֶӣôΪ飿
һһûŻӢ顣
ʱһսʻһһʥӣϮһƼңòͷ𣿡
սٽӽһλȫ׵Ľзɳţʮλʥߴ󽫳ɱչ磬ų
Ӣʱһϲһһɫȴʱһ䡣
ҶһЦԮ¡֮ʱҼǵʥ͢ɳ˽ʮɣ
һ΢΢ͷھԮڵһֻļ壬ȴֻǶԻأǡ
Ӣ׾һ˿ϣҲȫˣ̾һΰһ֣ӣЩʱ䣬ȰȰҶɡ
Ƽ롣ΰͷ
󽫣ڵһֻʱŶʮ˴Χµļ壬ȴһĵıڽӵ׵֮ʱʾ׾׾ȴѶսԲƻΪɣܾɴǰȴУ˽ԴԼԮ
һط׽һսԼһսˡ
һֱɵ
ʱӢȴԽΧ˹Ȼӣʵףǡ
Ӣǰ̾һ˰ɡ׾ҳӣֵǻƼΪЧ


732 ʥ
ԼΪǿܵż֮λǻңʵͼΪˡһ֮ΪԼ˻ᣬû뵽׾Ԥ֮£⽫ͷȴ䵽һλ׾ĸͷϡ
ΣȨ֮Уһǿʥѵһ֮Կʥ͢
붼룬Ҳֻ沨ˡ
һ棬ЩͶڴΰĽǣȴӹٽһ־ӣôܲĽ
ټϻӢȰ˵λڵһڳ̾һˣˣ
һۣһһ֮Ƽ򾡹գڵһֻǧĸͶΰʹΰľٴδ׳
ΰҲԼŵԣٿᣬڻϼӷΪ
ĵļ֮Уܷ⣬ԶΩһʥʡΰ
Ҷϵĵ˲١
ǸţĶ֮䱾ʵǿȷʵһԱͽҶ֮£ΰһɵʥȫ͸˻ûܳм㡣
ﻹһסսװҶЦȡһ׵ʥʥ˻Ҳԭʥˣƽպá
⡭һսװɵۣκʣҶЩӦڱھ𣿡
Ҷ㣬Ҷ𡣡Ц˵
˰죬ȴлл˵ˡ
ӻҶ˽⵽׾սͼȴЦ
ⲻڹս𣿡ӴЦϵûĻع˻ʥǰɣ
Ҳûôޱʱ˵֮ǰҸսӵĪܵϢ˵׾ɳʹߵǰ˻ʥȥʥʣ뱾ˣͬʱҪʥʽҶҾذ˻ʥ򣬲Ҫʥ
ʥôظģʡ
ʥ˵Ҷֻһʲô¶˻ʥ͢޹ءޱƤһЦȻָʾĪܣҪתһΪأôþôɡ
ʥͷ֪ٹܲˡЦҶݺἸ磬֣֮βССһʥʥʻܵ
⻰˵Ŀǲܷϵʵʥһ˲һز
ô˵׾սȴҲˡҡͷһЦһֻܵˡ
Խ𣬱סҶ˵һ׾һʥ塣Ҫʥ巢ͨ뺡ԸͶַͬ׾һԿȥܱԭȨƵλһ׾ͬˣôֻ·һ
ãΰͬʱͷ
һսʹչһԼȴǼΪͣʮӾһеʥ壬Сʥ壬ɱ׾һľսѹ֮£ʮСʥִ֧ӣɱӾ֮Уһַͬ׾
ӵһ׳
֮СѾΰ֮£ʥҲѾΰʣµļ׾Ĵʥ壬ҲȫԼ򣬽פʥ֮У׾ͬһء
ʥ֮Уʥ֮ǿޱȣȴʥߵȫѹƣ˭Ҳܷӳɽߵʥ֮УʥеĵսȻڷߡ
׾ڲսԵսԣǰ취İ취ˡ
һĿֻʣʥһطֻҪһս۱ǳ׽ʥҽƽΰҲ˳ǻΪϵʥʡ
սڵ
ҶҾȻ䣬ǶʮˣʱʮϴõģȻս󣬵ȴٲ֮ǰˡҶ֮ںĻԭʯȫȴǳɱ
ҶҾĸ߲㣬ǳɫ˸ǿס
ӵľӣ־ҶһװŴսʿѾʮڣʮ֮ڣ
ʮսʿжǿ
ľӣһֿԺɨʥĸоΪһ֧ӵͳ˧ǲһ¡
ѹʥȴûһ㶯Ǵ⣬Ҫʥ֮ڴһսˡ
ӾҲֱӱʥ֮УʥĻʳǺƺƵǰ
ǧֻѻǰһƬգΧ۵ףȴȷ棬ǳ׾һڵκζ򣬶֧д
һɽ֮ʱѻʱ˵˵ټŵо֮ȥһƬй¡
ҲʱȴͻȻһ½ѻ֮УЩǿڿзиţ˲ͻٵǧֻѻ
ѻҲ̶ͬȵˣƶһǣǿ֮֮˳˼Ѿս
һʥױ𻵣ҶҾ߲Ƕ۲ѣҶһüоĺʥȻתȥ֧׾ˣ
̲ôǾ׾һһȺСˣһֻǴ⣡
ʱ𾧹ͻȻɽ֮гɱһȫҫҫ۵Ľ⣬ֲ֮ӭŴɱͬʱǧžͻȻڸɽ֮ϣӸҿ
ڣҶߺһСЩ𾧹ùЩڣ
ʱҶһȴһֻͷʥı֮£ؾ龧
ԷȴȻ֪ʱ׾ӰǸɽ֮ϣ·Цԣһĺʥʥ׵ǿһЦ˵һڣȥʧһ
ɶ˱ĺʥ򰡡׾һֺ˵
үȲҪлλʥһЦ龧ǵ֮ʥ֮УҲࡣһǧһμ䣬ǾһǧŵİȥʥҲǳеġ
ģ˴ӵľӣ嫴Ȩһȫ׾æŵ
үΪ˵ġ˵ͷٴλַųЩռݸ߷ڱʱٴװڵŴӵľҿ
һ֮ͬһ㽫֣˿˿Ƶƻ֮סžжȥͷȴȫ⣬ʹǲһ˿սʿǵУƻսʿǰ
֮󣬱ڱͣɢÿӵľʧ˶١
ɲ֮䣬۾ֱˣΪۼ֧֮ͦţǰһ˵£
ô£׾Ҳһָɽʱ񣬡ǡôʲôҲûУ
ܰʼһ߲һڱʣô£ǲôڵ
ܰڱĽҲɫ࣬ЩڵȫǾѡĴ龧Ūİ
ô£ָɽš
⡭ڱĽҲɵۣ֪λش
ʱҶȴѾһ֣ҶҾĸ߲Ƕˡ
һǧо˳׼𾧹Ĵӱһ䡣Щ󶼾Ҷĸÿоʮ˵У䣬صзɻرڶȫ꣬ǰߵбѾ˻γѭ಻ϡ
ˣȻֻһǧоȴԵֵǧܣ
ЩǿĽ𾧹಻ϵУʱɵۣһиö첲ȣʱˤһء


733 ĺ
ڱȵ˼Ŀ֮Уսʽչ
оڻ֮£ҶҾ䵱ȷ沿ӡһֻֻŽ𾧹һ֧֧Ļԭܼ˽𾧹Ŀǣ䵽𾧹ʲôλЩĻ֮תɱʥʱĿ͵ͣ·ӼƢõϵһŹ˵ϣٲҶһ¡
׾ͱ񿴵һĻûѪ
ת֮䣬𾧹һȫڵأһˡ
ôô񷢷һؿ
ĺʥһ𾧹ɸߵļƷֻһٶʮһΪ˵õʥǿѪֱӽһؽ𾧹˹һٶʮƷ𾧹һشָЩ𾧹ˣսһ٣ΰĶԨȴ벻Ǳһ֧֧ССʥ֮ôһ䣬ʱڵֹͣ˶
Ҳϲ
ϣǹս׾Ȼһ߰ĺʥ򲻿ɿһ߻ָԼĽǷųսʥ
ʱǹսɽϳɱ£ͬһҶȷɱͬǰĻһʢ
ǸҴָȷһȷͬʱϵʱ仯ڣһ׼Щǹ峵һⵯһʱ䣬ⵯǹ峵ȫ֣һըĹâҫ۶֮䣬һǹ峵һѷвȻ˼Сⵯȴ˳УݳɱˣЩ峵Ҳ׷ʧأɽ¡
ЩȴҶֱɣ䲻ӵı仯֮ӵһĻȿԹ壬Ҳ˺ꡣ
Щ׵İоĽʱһݡ
ɣشЦ͵ط𣬻ʮɾſھһƬɨ˹ȥֱӽ峵ճ
壡Ҳʱʱͬһֻһŵѹ˹ȥ
ʦӣסǣ׾شţ֮䣬ǧϵʥɽųɴ󣬸۳һ󻯳˷֮꣬Ŵݺȥ
£ҶһԭҰ֮а붯ը󻯳ĩֱӽ鱣ЩµķһսʿϣսʿȴǱһ㣬ȫûоȻǰͳ塣
ʲô׾ŵòû
ܣôܣҲɫҶôô
Ҫ֪λҶǡâˡĻһ̱ɽϡ
ûϵǵıǣĺʥĸ֣ʱûʥ̫ӣһҧַүĶоʮ֮ڣҲ˶ʮ񣬶ԷжˣʮѣǼǵƾ˺սҲӮˣ
ûӮˣ׾Ҳһ󷢺ݣҧг˵ⷬǵΪԼ׳
Ҫ֪ĺʥսʿŭһּ䣬򿪣ʮʱгɱЩսʿһɫʥףʥ˵ݣɱڣ׾µ嫾ǿҪǿࡣ
׾ĺʥսʿǵװĵĽ̲סԼľҲװǺɨҲʲôˡ
ɱЩĺʥսʿûʶҶҾֻǼԷǴʥ׵ˣڸͷԶѡǽˣȴｫЩ˷ڱָ֮£еڻ֮£ҶҾȷӳɱ˹ȥ
ЩĺʥˣҶʱ´Щͽȫ飡˶ϣǣ
һʱˣϲʹĴˣ
ǼĴո۵˷֮⣬ŭǰȥȴԼ˾ӳû죬תۼ͵սǰĺʥľŶ̱ӡ
ɲǼ䣬ֵϽ𵶹âݣЩźʥ׵ĺսʿǣȴȫϵһǵ֮Уһսʿ֪ʲôĿֲ
ԷϾжʮ֮ڣȴ˲ͽ˰Χ
ҶһҲĸһƾǵı£ټѾ嵽ҶҾ˾ţƨҲС
һλλҶҾǿҲǰ׷׳֡
һ֣ɵˡ
Ҳ˵ҶҾĸ߲жǿɣ˵ҶҾͨսʿս;ԶԶϣ
һսʿ͸¶ɱĹ⣬ȴûаѪı顣侲ȣǰ֮ʱȴɢң뻮һͬһֽ֮У·һ塣
ľӱǿµģټϵеͱȫĻ
̱ӵɲǣʱѪ䣬Ѫ֮УȴûаҶҾսʿˡ
սŹâ֮ʣֱԶǰиռѺۣǱѺɨߣ޲ֱӱռָ壬ڵѪҺһͷţȻ˵ڵأ⡣
ĺʥЩʥףսǰֱǶһҶҾսʿôʹֻһ֣ܽǺʵֱնͺ͸ֵжһģһ
ĺʥսʿǱɵˣһٲǰ棬ȴֻסµأҶҾž롣ʱЦˡֱӽսʣȻһþ޴Ľ𾧹ʧȥ󣬶Զĵֱӿ䡣
ܼǺʵϡ
ò˵ĺʥľʥȷʵҶܼҲܽƣǿ¶һССļ棬ǱµһССѪѡ
ܼ
ǾҶĻԭܼ
׵˲䣬̺Ļ֮ѾֱսʿǵԭҰ֮Уʱչƻ
ʥƻȻӦ֮ͨĳսʿֿܵʥмߣһĿ֮ͣһƬհףȻҡŵȥЩ𾧹һ㡣
ʲôʲôҧأһеسǰһѱץסһ֧ܼǼУȴס𶯣·ҪƷɻԼߡ
ǡܣɫˡΪĺʥˣȻϤҲ֪ĻĴڡʱ֧ϣӦ֮ҲӦһĻǿޱȣҲûмʶ
֪ЩĻǵȴҪǿ֪ٱ
ôܣҶôҲȫסˡ
ۼʵǿĺʥսʿҶҾǰȻһֿҲûУ׾Щˡû·ȴҲֻѡסҧһ󷢺ݣָŽĴɽиɱ˳ŵ˵ľӳȥ
ƾƣһ½Էľû
׾Ǹµıҡͷ׾һʵ֮󣬰γս񽣣߾ٹͷнɢȥȫ
ʮͨսʿƺƵɱǰڻ֮֯·ֳ˼ţɴֿ˳
ϵҲԱ仯ΪڣȻԶҶҾȷϵҲˡǿУǲŲæף֮仯ڣŵ˱һͨҵĺ
ͬʱһֻרſڵСӣҲĵسڶ룬˱֮¼ڣԶĵһͨ񿪻
һööڶԷľ֮пʱµĶشЩأʥҲȫֵЩŷ׵սʿܵסǣƬ̼䣬ȴǳƬص£
׾µս֣˼㡣


734 
Ҷ㲢ϲֶʱڣҲֻİ취ˡ
ûսвôһжǱ֮ڵڲìܣҲˡڲͬĺʥȻ׾һʥΣ֮ʥԼ֮һʱᱬľסֶν֮ȥ롣
ΪԼ˽ߣκβпֶζԸΪ
ΰһҵڻ֮£׾һ˲ءһǿսʿǵվǱɻʬ޴棬رƽձơһս򵽺ͱ˵ɱһ㡣
ڣнٳܲסֲпսѹѡͶǴеʥһԹڵأٲԸΪ׾ɱ
ȥ׾ĵغšսеսȫǱһȺȺҶҾӾΧĲ£ĺʥľӣȴѾʬɽš
ˣһжˡ
ʹرۣȻ־ţڷսԶȥ
ȥһϤ׾㵵ǰȴԼ
㣿𣡡׾ţ漴ŭغ뵽Ͷ˴һߣ㱾Ǵӡ
û˵꣬ŴˣΪۿϵĨժһߣ˲ͱ仯òΣȴҶҾ˧Ҷӣ
㡭׾˵
ǸүҶ㵭һЦ𲻹ֻһαװݣϱ޴ˡ
ˣˣ׾Цһҡҡͷ֪ԼѾ·ӣĩ·֮ʣȴԼΪһϡ
Ҷ㣬˶ϣ벻ҪҵļˣΣʡ
ԡҶ㻺ͷһҪɴᣬֻܸһ顣լʺ޹ߣȴܵͷ
á׾ͷȡһʥ׼ԼؿڡĿ֮ɫ˼Σ޷µֲ֡סԽԽеĳһ˵ϣҲһŹڵء
Ҷʹţһ·ɣҲͽұΪ˰ɣ
Ҷ㻺ҡͷ̾һ׾ʵʲôֻһͨˣһΪͨˡ
һսڽˡĺʥĶʮһ⣬ȫɱеսʥɻ񣬶Ҷ֮£ȫΰȨ
ʥľʮʮʣµʮȫͶʥһս֮󣬱ȨȫУǱ׾ʥ͢ʳ֮еҵΰȡ˳
ֵܼ棬ӣþò
ǲʮĺӣͨ˼ڵϥˣͣڻʼ֮еǣȴѾ̫ķ꣬ʡ
Ƕţʱ򣬱˴˼ȴ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ҷ㻺ǰҵ˵ϴ
ҵӲһ¡
֪𣿡ΰҶ˼΢΢ʪ󣬵ʵܵܡ
ҵţû˵
ǵСʱ𣿡ΰţʱʲôöҪһǺöֻһȴø㣬øҡʱڵֳʲôӣ
Ҷ㲻ҡͷ̾
Сʱ򡱣ѵڱǴˣǲʮѣ
ȨЩǰҲ˵
ҶͻȻһС
̰õȴһԴͷ
ͻȻСʱʱĵҵġΪһ䡰ڹȮ֮ţ
ʱֻҡͷ̾Ϣõҵ˼δƫˣλλᷢչΪһһҵδк
ڣȴͻȻǲɾӦеӡе˶ûбǿûνĿôҲûû˻ɱûһеѪȶ
֮ʱһıǿһʥʥվʥ֮ΣһԼǷʱ޲ͬ
ֻǿֻɱ˸ࡣ
ҵγˣ׾γˣĻγˣ˺γˣγˣ
ΪøáøǿΪ˸ԵͻɱǣʬҰ
ĺôֻô࣬һ֣˾һ֣˶һ֣һ֡Ϊ˵õĺôԼ֮ϣ㲻Ӷᣬֱһվ֮ۡ
һ˶ԣߵ׷ϵҫߵĹ
أ
һҶͻȻ
ֻһ΢Ȼ΢Ǳ΢ɣ΢΢һ֮У֮ܵߣԵ֮֮ܵߣҲ̰󣬸Ϊ֮ᵽУʦڣڡ
Ҫҵһݰߣ಻αǫã
һľ仯֮䣬ҶԭҰȴͻȻ˷츲صı仯ǹԭҰͻȻޱߵ棬һ貵ǳԡԭҰޱȣ·ûб߼ʣԼҲ޷һ̽鵽ԭҰÿһط
һ棬ʹɣȫޱ߹磬ٲǿޱȵĴڣеһӣءĬĬסһɢŸԵʵطҶָӡ
һĹ⣬͸ºͣ
ҵϴ΢ЦĿº͵ҵһ˿߱ڲ۵һһ¹˵ϡ
磬ԭҰɣһʱͿҲԣ
޵ӡ
ʵǸӣȨʧԼҰļҵ··ϣĨɱı档
һ̣ȴֻص
ΰҲˣ߹ȥס˵ܵܣ˵һ䣬ȴʤǧ
Ҷת߳˴ÿһˣ̲סһĿ
硭ޱ˹ȻЩԥסĸ첲һ𻺲ȥ
㡭ֹ
ôˣҶ㵭һЦ
֪ޱҡҡͷֻǾͻȻͱòһˣúô䡭ٸӦϢˣͷ·ֻһһ
˭ǷأҶЦ˵ҽǷˣֻǿһЩˡ뺢ӣҲֻͬȴһˡ
⻰еŶޱƤһЦ漴ɫ˵ĸоǲͬˣ⵽ôˣ
ûʲôֻͻȻ俴͸ѡҶ㵭Цš
⻰˵úˡޱһ£ʣ㲻𣿡
ҶЦˣЦ
ȡЦ˼ޱ˵ü˼ǵͻȻùŹֵģҲ֪㵽ôˡ
ǳװɡҶͻȻͣ
ޱɴ۾Ҷ㣬һʱ˵
㲻Ը⣿Ҷʡ
ǡޱһ±ͨ죬޴롣ֻǡֻǡ̫ͻȻ˰ɡ
ôãҲͻȻɡҶЦ˵
ǻôҪ졭ޱš
ÿһǴ£ÿһҲصС¡Ҷ˵ֻһˣİ֮ˣվãȻҪסҳף´ºθɣ
ôţʱͻȻԱ߽һڴиӦҶı仯к׷˳һӽҶ⻰ʱϲôҶҪ
ǡҶ΢Цͷ
˵λʱɤӱߺܣҶҪ


735 ֮
һŵƽʡ
綼װһƬϲҲʣЦӯӯ
СҶ磬ҲչĸǱܲеܲġһһ磬ռžһ򿪣ͨķ롣
ǵĸ߸֮УޱһʢװһΧڲͣæš
Ҿټ֧οܸƯҴţκ˰죬ѡֻܹȥСĵظޱͷϡ
ţôһȷʵÿЩƶͷҾټƮܸƯЩһˡ
һ˵һ߽һɫƮޱϡƮȴһʥ˷ԼܻڿƮţ֮ȷʵһ㡣
ʥ͵ӴƶЦ˵
ٸӵܰɡһ˵һ֣һܹ⻷ӳƮ֮ϣƮԵþӨ͸ȴг֮ˡ
ȴȱЩءײһ˵ţһ߻ַųһϵһ²޺εļ֮ϣʱϱһԼڿԻɽĻ󣬷·һӰС硣
ޱ
ټЩʯ͸һȺŮһһ߰ޱż£һ̲ס˵ţȻԼƾ۳һööСľʯ׺ڼ֮ϡ
һ£ޱȫ½ǵⲻסԾǿһ˵ģˡ
᲻ᡭ᲻̫ˣޱС˵
ôˣޱһشŮһ£һЦ˵ŮһҲôƯôһضѣȻҪ֮ˡ֣һҲ֣
ǰЦŵͷޱôһɡͽܿĸһְʥ˶ῪʼĽġ
˼ôÿޱЦŵͷСģȴϲġ
Ȼÿǿޱţ˼ʲôʱҲޱأ
СѾͷż׺ЦŹһ¡㿴λʥˣҶǣߴźˡҲѾʥˣȫκʥˣ𲻺˼
˼п˭ˡСһ졣
˼ʱñһƵ˽һޱʱѽ˼ǲطλӵɹ
˶Цˣһݺ֮УһȺŮΧޱ
֮УҶҲæòɿ
ʱħѾһĻ£žӿȥǾ̫ˣҡͷһЦҲ̫ŨˣһȥЩɡ
ǿɲɣɭʱϲӣҪĲųɡʥˣʥҲˣʥ˳ףҲϲǣ
Сӣҵ˧ˡӴԼλøЦúϲ£죬һصͷ
ûҶͥҲЦŵͷҵܵȷʵͦ˧ġ˵㰡үү˵ĶԣǴϲ£ҪһЩųɡҵ»ЩŪЩĶȥɣ
ûûʱ˽һЦ⣬̧־һâųֱӽҶЩâٵ̣仯һӨСħ֮ϣʹҶȫǹ˸
ҲˣҶ㼱æǰӭӡ
ԼֵܣɶЦ˹⡣ֵܴĴ£ҿɵϹǷǴղɵġ
˵ţȴһ˽ȴǷֱ֮һֱδܵüɡҶͷ΢Ц˽ǰʩһ񣺡ɼҶ磡
ҲˣҶϲ⡣ţȻһʥǿᵽ˼㣬ǶʥҲˣСǲʲôŵõ֮
ЦЦҶ統һʲôʥʲôͳһԳ壬ֻһΰˡҶ磬սΣʱܱ˻ʥȫԳ嶼˹һأǴҶҾһԿǿС
̫ˣҶϲͷ
ʹߵʱ洫֮ͨţǿ߽ɱлسſڣҶ㣬ЦҶֵܣϲ
֣Ҷ㼱æӭȥ֣Žɱһλ֣ǾģҲɱħѣȡʮֻħūޣʹԼ׳ȴһֱĴм
Ǵһ֮Ҷֵʵַˣɱ˽ǰȴһ´Ҷ㣬ȴӦʥʥϢ·ǰվŵֻһһ㡣ԽˣԽ˾Ҷ缫Ԩɲȡ
վڵҶǰκ˶һޱĸоֻԼǰôСô΢
ô˵ȷʵǰҲ̲סͷղŹŸˣȻﲻԣҲûϸ롣ôһҲŷ֣Ҷںøˣ̶ֳȡɲⰡ
һЩ¶ѡҶЦ˵
̫ӵʱ֮ͨţΰ֮£˽һҶ㣬ʱʩ֮Ҷȴæס
Ȼûоеǻ䣬Ѿ֮˵ôʩ񣿡
ҵʦΰЦ˵ʦʦΪʦΪʦдȴӦõġĪ˵ڻֻ̫ݣǳʥʣڴϵȺȻʦ°ݣ˽¼ʦҪִġ
ΰȻͣȴͬһ㣬һ˼æ׷׹񣬶ɱʹǰʥʵ°ݣȴΰס
ʦҵĶԼˡЦ˵ôˡ
ϲʥңһͳɽɱЦΰ˹֡
ħʥʹߵͨ
ţħ˽Ҷ㹰Ϊ񣬹ЦҶֵܣħʥͽħ˻ʥ˵ĵû㣬ʥʵǻҲû㣬ǹæˡ
ǸҶ㹰һЦΪս֮Σ֣ȴò±ⲻּˣ
ħЦŹ֣ϲϲ
ţҶΪܹˣ̸Цһ󣬶Լ⽻ڣԱ˴ˡ
ֵ綯֮ʣܶһȻ͸ȫһ֣ʱյһҶ⹲ͬѣѰҹͬĻ⣬ȴԽԽǻȣҲԼཨˣҶ㼰˻ʥһǿͬˣս֮Ա
ʥʼݵʥݵʱ˼֮ͨȴǰ˻ʥʻĳɳʥЯͬ
λ˻ʥһҶ㼱æǰӭӣĳɳȴæ֣㣬㲻˿ϲӣʥֻ֮󣡡
ǰҲЦ˵ֻһǡ١˶ģʥҲ⡣
Ҷ㼱æʹĳɳΰǿǽ֮ĳɳͬһĻߡ
ĳɳȻ֪Էأ̬ºͶֹ˼̸Ц̸Ц䣬Ĵʥ߲ͬʱԼն֮ԡ
㣬һĪ·㡢ᡢǵʮʥ򶼻ʹʱȴҶߣ˵㲢죬ȴҪעЩЩѰˡ
ôʥ򣿡Ҷһ
ڡ龧֮һȥʥʱѡǽˣͬԿǿУڸʮʥ򣬼һʮʥ֮ࡣЦ˵ʥҲʹǰ뱾̸ͬƾͷ֮ءεĹˣʥѾֿ֮֮˭ͽǽء
ڤʥΣҶȴͻȻڤʥ


736 
޶˵ּƺҪȡʲôж
ѵʱǻҪǳֲɣҶ΢΢ü
ôˡһЦϲ֮գ߸ɹپˡЩҹ£Ȼĵġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
֮ʮʥʹ߽ȴȫǸʥ֮ھصǽ֮ĽɫҶĴʱһǾΪˣ֮̾УȻҲʮ㡣
ڻĳɳλ˻ʥʣȴҶ鹧ˡⲢ˵ĳɳֻ̬Щ΢ͬѡ
ĳɳȴҲ⡣ʵѽʵҶʵȻ֮˿ɼҶҾκһʥ֮⡣Ҷ㣬ȻûȥԽһʥѾǺܸĳɳӣȰ˻ʥˡ
λǸһеվʵһ㣬ĳɳ᲻
һʥʹߣֺҶ㣬Ҷ̸ȴʹҶæòɿۿžҪһʥ߲ˣҶͥüҲ߶ʮһЩ˿˵λСܴ֮գ޹صĻλ㲻Ҫ˵˰ɡ
ۿʱҪˣĪҪʱɭҲæͷ˵
λǾɡӼæŸڴŵλͬ
ɱأɴأɭЦǰʵ
ȻǱˡЦ˵˲Ź¡ء
ɴ㲻¡ˣĳɳҡͷһЦҲؿˣ˵ʥˣɡΪ˵ļһûĻ񡣡
Щ¾ͲҪƽ˰ɣ˵ҿɡøΪֺˡһҲԴʥĵӣʦΪ飬ǱǸĸһˡ
ȴ˵ˡĳɳ˵ȻǸĸһ㣬Ӧ÷޶ߵݲǣô֣
⵹ˡһЦǱ㻹ɡǱʥʣûʺϵѡˡ
ҲáĳɳͷվҾͲһأҲɡ
̬ȵı仯Ҳԣʱȴһһޡˡ
ǸãɭЦһʥ飬ȷʵͦүҲ֪ˡ
ʱʱѵʱȻ֮һλλʥ߷ڶ𣬽ʥûʮɫľ˲佫ΧԶԶȥ·һޱȵͷ׻һ㡣
г򣬶ڴʱŸɫʥ׺Ѥޱȣ׳ۡ
ɫʣ֮ϵķǼ֣鲻ԽظŻ
һʥͨռŴݵʥеľֱʥ̬ʥǻУǵҶļۼ֮ϣǿʥʥֱ̬֮۳һľ
ۼϵķˣţڽϡڹ㳡ϡڸ¥֮ϣľ󣬿һ۵Ҷ㡣
Ҷʶ˶ȫ˵Ҷ֮һС˼ʣλۼĽѾʥ֮ҲصĴһ뵽ЩۼϲûҶķˣҲ̲סΪгԺ
ڤڣ˵ҶǵۼǵĽôԺģȴǷڤˡЩû׷°ݣ֮սսʿǣһޱȵض˾֮
㰡ڤ㣬ʵҫ¦Ⱥڻʳǹ㳡֮ϣŸ߸գȴ̲סӯҶһݵأȺȫڵأߺšҶʥͷΪ
Ҷ㡭ڣϾ΢Ǹ֮ϵľ˼ȴصǰʱһ緢һ־Զɽ֮˴ϧ
ȴߵ˶棬ѱ˵ˡ
ʱһеĶԹѾˡҲ޷ˡҶȻԼɱУϾ΢ȴ޲ңʱҶѾǸ߸ϵʥˣңɼǿڣԼЩкã
΢΢ҡͷԺлģǳʶա
ۼ֮ек壬ʱҲӦǿʥһɵ֮ϣˮ̽ͷգۿǸ߸ϵľ޴ҶӰһѡ
Ϻ֮УգҶʩԴ
֮УʼǴ壬ſеҶӰ¾
ʱУҶһȺ˴ӵ֮£ޱĹǰһſڣʱһŮסΪ׵ȴֱؽţɹô˭Ҳţ
СѾͷĺô𣿡үүҶ˳һͨѵ
ûû£ⲻǴϲһָҶͥЦŽʱóһʥ˹ȥ𵲵ˣҶȥɣȻޱȵüˣС
ллҶ磡ЦŽӹʥʱһŮÿ·
һȺŮ֮УҲֻҶƤȴ㣬һ·ûʲôֱӵ֮СһʢװޱѵȲһ˵ҶҪˣʱӭȥֱӱޱһͷסͷ
ôûϢޱ뿪ЦѵŮһ䡣
ŮˣǼżҰ̲סЦ˵һӣǺףǵﶼû취¡
ޱһͷΪŸͷ˭ҲûƤģ
ޱˡҶ󲽶룬ϴЦ⣬һ±㽫ޱߡһŮӻšЦţʻһ
ޱҶĻУȴˡ
Ҷ㽫ޱô֮Уޱ첽ӵߡ˺ɭһ𵽴Űʱܰݡ
ҶͥҶĴ磬ҶѾû˵ΪȻҲҪףЩͬλµ˵
ʱ
ڻĳɳ֮Ҷǣޱ֣һ˴ףһأݸã޶԰һɡ
ɣ붴ĳɳ˵꣬ԼʱЦ
ѽ붴ͷǼֵܸѾͷһ˼ҲӴҪˣﻹѽ
ϻȻˣ˶ҪԲĻʱ
ǿɲУϲӣôҲóֵǴһųɰɲУ
ǽȥֶɣ
ҿʱҶҾ߲һ˸
ޱߵöϵĻһˡ
ҶЦţһ½ޱ˵Ҷ𼱣Ǻȵʱ򡣲ʱ˿̣ȴҪȥҼˡ˭Ҫǲ±ʥϼڣ㾡鵽Ƕְɣ
˵ţޱ󲽶ȥ
ǿɲһ˺ЦߵޱҶĻһҲҶ
󲽶Уһ·֮УҶὫޱĴ߷£̧֣ڽǺͷȥþעޱޱɫͨ죬һʲô
ҼжҶЦˡޱ֮󣬱㲻˽ˣһҶˡɾûеʧ䣿
ŲءޱҶ㣬ߵЦţͻȻһͶҶĻ֮С
˼뵱Ҷˣ
Ҷرޱȴ˳ʶһҹ
ѱ任ѷ򣬵ȻǸδմȾ꣬ȻǸѩŮ飬δı䡣
ޱס̧֮䣬ʥӿŴʱսᣴ¡
֮ʱңԶڤʥ֮УһڰŻڰϵʥ߷֮£ͻȻ򿪣һֲޱȵϢ˲


737 
֮Ҷ㵱˦ƹÿֻޱеĴεصȴȫĪܺҶͥ
ԴϰˡҶĴټ׸ں͹ȥһʵҲûʲô
һϣҶޱڸɽۣ֮ޱƺ
áޱҶ򣬵˵šǧһֱȥͺˡ
װɡҶһЦҪöຢӣʱǾͻΧΧеһֻ¾Ͳˡ
ǾͶǰĿְɡޱͷ
Ҳ̫ˡҶ㻺˵
ôޱһʱֱӿ
Ҳ˵塣Ҷ̾һһԤУоڵֻǱٵǰסܾûд·Ҳڲ֮ɡ
£ޱеԾʲô£
Ҳ磬Ҳ硣Ҷ˵Ҳǽ硣뵽翴һ֪磬޷ݣֻ׸֪ǿʯ䷢չʲô̶ˡ
ȥɣҡޱǼᶨ
áҶЦЦôҪͬȥˣ
ӣޱЦæµʱҵòٳֺü£㲻ΪﵣİôĪܲҲ
ʱҶͥȴ˹㣬ʥˣ
˵ʥˡҶޱվʥԵɼȷʵд·ȥɡ
ޱ˵ͷҶЯַɻصǹ֮СУĳɳһ֮ͬ£üȺš
Ǹ㣬ײżձ㡣ĳɳҪչ¶һЦݣЦȴѿ
ʲô£Ҷֱʡ
ڤʥ򣡡ĳɳ޺ҧǾʮСʥһ֧Ȼʼ򡣡
ʥʿʥͬԿҶʡ
ˡĳɳһͷħʥʾ뱾ͬˣѾ˵;ˡ㽨Щռţò˸ʱܵλʣʮʥҲӦڵļռܵҪ๤ɡ
ʥ˲ڤʥǱ߻ʲôɣҶʡ
ǡĳɳɫѿһ֣Ǳ߽ĵҪȴûһ֧ؾסһʱֻǿĽ촫ʥҲǶȫЩʥ֮УȴӰӣ
壿һ˶һ
ͳ߾Ȼʥ
壬ʥ壿̲סʡҹƿʥɣܵô϶ҲŵǴʥ֮УӵӰ𣿡
֪ĳɳ̾һЩʥǶȫֱֲӴңǾǣҲǷ˺ôŽЩһ𣬴ճҵӰȴҲֻǷо֮ӰˡеӰҲʮ֮ࡣ
ô壿ֲñ߽ҪĹھ޷ֿһĴɱ治ˡǿɲܵȵǴŶ֣Ҫ
˵ţҶ㣬һս֮⡣
㲻壬ҲضйءҶ˵һֱǰ˻ʥȴƺǳҶҪұƵġ
𣿡ĳɳһ
Ǳҵ֮壬һʥеĿռţȴҷͨҵķ㣬ȡ֮ȻǺˡҶ˵ڤʥҲ͸ҡǸ˱£ⳡȴҴġ
ʲôĳɳҡͷʥǱ֮£ȴﶼһǣʹܴγɵˣԼΪȴǺ¡Ȼô˵еԲѵĽʿǡ
л⡣Ҷ㻺ͷңҪҳɣ
ݹʥ֮Уû˱ʺˡĳɳεһЦǿĵˣҲֻһӾͶ֮ˡҲֻһ˿ָˣ顣
ã㼯߽Ҷһͷ
˵ʱޱһͬʼӡ
ȻҲӦٶʮҶҾһЩҲõҶŵĴ֧֣Ҳһʥװʵ˵ǿ
ʮʥʦһأжǿ󡣲ҲˣȴֻΪԼһҷ񣬶˸ҪʮƷȴ߳ǹ˱ˡ
ʹˣʣɵҲԶʤڴǰֻʦҲ˲֪ٱ
Ŷ֧֣ʱ˻ʥľӶҲǿװһμʮҶһʮ϶һٶʮټϹ嫡ħʥɳһٶʮϳʮ֮ڡ
ھӼ֮ʣʥʮʹһԾһʮ֮ڵĴ
ȴʮʥľӣһֱ֧ҶĴ֮³һʮʹʥ콫װ磬Ҳγһ֧˵Ľһ˳˴սǰһָ־ҶĴ֮£ֱÿռ˱߽ش
Ҷ˸ϵʱ¥ڰ˻ʥҪĳͷ
һɶߵʹΧĻԵôСǴϢʹΧЩҲϢĺԵô΢ԼʯʸеƤʹΧ׵սʿǿô
ΪŴ֣¥ʸΧһʥĴڡ˵ڤʥеЩʥˣʮʥҲֱǲֵһĻɫûпͷ
ʱվϹϢʮ󺺣ʥн塣Щһһֱʥһ֮أǵطֱһΪ֮ܵԼǲŲ뿪ǵط
ǧǰһΪڣʥ塣ʥս֮󣬼еʥ嶼һ֮뿪Լԭļᵽ֮УҲʱʧʥ֮УΪصĴڡ
иʿֻ࣬Լ֪
Ϊͨ飬ڼǧԼϢܣò˽ͨ·ȴյڣҲֻʣʮ䲻һԡ
ǵȴҲΪ¶øΪǿΪ޷뿪ȥݺ£ޱ֣Ҳûżǵоֻ֮ϡͼԼǱ㲻ǿԼøǿ
ڣһǵһ𣬾޴ͨԭڶ֮ͨʹ¥ĵԴŴʥ硣
˵Ǽ̵ͦ¡һͨԼ֮ͨģֻڽ֮ʱȴΪʥսʹʥ֮仯ֹʵͨҲֻôһ깤ʱȴ֪ˡ
Ȼ󣬾£ȴҲˡ
ֱھҶ֮ٺ󣬴ŭѣѰµͨȴط־֮УȴһʥԽԽʢ
ʱǲŷԭ֮бͨʥǱƴҪ֮ͨ
ǣʵĴ£֮ʼ͹ͨӦ֮£ͨڿͨ
ϧǣͨȻͨȴȹֻ̣ʵĴ¥Ĵʥ磬ʺڶĴϣȴֻ̾
¥ĶԴǺġΪͷĩڵõһ֤ԼĻᡣ
ƾųǿʵʹİ׵رε۹أһʱ緢
Ҷ㣬ʲôʱʱڳͷңԶǺӵȵòͷˣ


738 ͻȻ
¥Ĳûе̫ʱ䡣̾ʥûе̫į֮ʱҶҶҾ˻ʥľӼһٶʮڶһɱ
ҪԸͬ磬е㸺ҶߣңҪ֮ǣ΢΢ü
ôԸڤʥӰɡҶ˵Щͽκδȱ㾡鶯ֱǡ
лˡмص˵ͷ
Ҷ֮£ཫֱӽһӶսʿͷ˳Ҫȥһٽ֮Χ֮ơ
ˣ¥ﷺ˾⣬һԳͷվ
ˣһλ׳ޱȵĺӣĿ͸˼֮ɫǰһȭҶĶ飬ҴӭУ
㼱ʲô¥Ź⣬һ˷ޱȵģǺӣĿг˲ƣƺ˵ӵô˶֣ȤŶҲûУ
Ҷ벻֮𣡡ɱ⡣
ˣȴǱҶɱڤ޾֮ӣҶʥ֮ʱ׷ɱҶڤʥơʱֻǱ߷ʱȴѾƾųʵʥʵչ֮˽λӡ
һ˻ʥڤʥͳ˧Ҳ˾ӵߡ
ЩСȷһ߰ɡ¥Цţ˵ǳޣҶޱˣ
һ£ʮʱǰһ֣ڣ
ɱǸƬײ¥ĿЦ𣬵ջһʮɵľǾһƬ⣬ͬʯһ㣬ȴƺʯӵǣۼһɵľһ㡣
һ仯ΣΧĴرʱССʯʱϸ߿գڿвóһʯĴ󣬷·һ޴ĿгǱ
ǣʮλʥ壬ѹ˼ǧ׽ɫʱܵõɣԴչ֣һȴѹƲסĶ־ﷺ׹⣬͵ڿնһʮɳľɢ˵
˲䣬ĴҪΧͻȻ֣һɢǿȴ¥ɱʥİһ࣬ɱ¾ĹâظʮһҶһɱ
֮ս֮սҶʥսʿҪǵ䣬ʷԶסһ죬סⳡսۣ
ɱһǿߵĴ£ŭ
԰ҶĴ£ηӭһһֻֻǿĴɱ˹ȥ
ų𣬿ûжͬĸӸ飬˵ԷֻһȺжԵѡ͵һ仯ʮɾһҶǰȥ
ʱһֱҶ㻳д˯ѩӰȴͻȻ˾͵һ·ǰʮһ¶һ˷ޱȵĹâͻȻһһ»ָԭĴСȫ֮УɢʮһңӦ
ʲô¥Ŀ֣Ҳû⣬ѩӰ֣ȴʵһԷһֻʥǣȴϢϢ˼㣬ȻҲһ˿ѹ֮
֮ģȻ䣬ӦѩӰɢԴԶž֮֮ģ
ǿ֮һ˲õıȻԲǶķҲͬСɡഫԶ֮ʱһλȥ֮Ƴɣ˵ӵĪֻǴڣҲûʲô̫֮ˣҲ̫
ԣŻὫĲ£ʥ硣ǱΪƾһԼĲºʥ磬û뵽ȴǹܴɡ
Ҳʧˡ
ڣ¥Ĳ֪ԭⷨǱǰˣ۷׹⣺úãӱ㽫㿪ƶǣ֮¶
¶Цݣ͵һ¼ӿٶȣѩӰȥ
һȥһ½ҶѩӰΧУ޴ѹʹ̲סüԼһ˿⣬ҶѩӰȴǻȻ޾һ㣬֮Уһ
Ҷһ̧֣ԭҰ֮е֮ڣʱɳһ⣬˲仯һʮɽŰСһ˳һ󣬶ŵ˻
һ¥Ĳɸŭʥģû뵽ȻҶȥȴ˷ľУ¥ļܲŭ͵طϴɢһҶ籩㴵ȥ
籩֮УҶȴҲЩվȡ
ܿƽΣҪȴͻȻһĸо
о¥ĵһеϤеУϸо£ȴ֮ѾϾϵڴʱʥӰ֮£ȴͻȻָֻϵ
ҸΪȻʥе֮øΪǿ󣬽Ӱ쵽Ļ
ԭռʱ֮ܵӰ죬ͻȻ䶯˲ƿؿռƣһԭռӵһ
ֻһɲ֮䣬ҶһֻΪĸоİ￴ȴһȺûκƽһ˿Цݻڿһ
һ˲ͻȻΪý飬ԭռ֮пӿһ´뵽ʥ֮УһֻޱȾ޴ƣ͵ȥ
ã¥ĵгޱȿ־֮ɫǵնľ֣һʱŵʧС
ʮҲȫɵۣһĿɿڴϿգڶݵ˼άհ֮󣬼æǿһ޴ĻֽԼ
¥ĵĶǻ죬ǿ޴ʯľۼһĳǱӭǾֶȥ
ǾȣǾ޴ĳǱȴ̫СˣСúֻһƬָף
ǱŴˣҶһߵҲŴˣۼҶֻ̧̧֣ų⼸Ҫһľ֣һȫ˼άֱ֮У
£һǿ߲ŸոüӸԵǿһ֡ܣЩͨսʿǾͲˣ˵ֻһ̧ͷǾֱ֣Լϣ
˲䣬ǾֱĹ˰Ӱһ㴩
Ȼ󡭡ʲôҲû
һսʿ㶵ķֻǾɢ֮ɵܲƬ˿ƣǾֵؼԼ壬ȴûκ쳣һδ֮Уȴɱ÷ŭ
̵ģʹûŻӣһʥţ͵Ҷȥ
ɱ¥ҲòСǾһҲŵòᣬȴڰǰԼֵܻʱ´ܹһ£űҶɱ
ҶһߵɻؿҶ㣬ΪҪŪôһ־ʱͻ
ռ֮УͻȻһɾ޴ޱȵ־־ûԵʶֻǻ֮еһͷȴǿޱȡ·ξһĵξһǿޱܿƵס˲ʹһµ֮
һɱϯԺ֮һֲޱȵľ󡪡ǵѪͻȻһУڣǾ֮׹ǲƶ𣬻Ǿ޹ͻȻԴ֮ץסС
Ƿһ̲סͣס˳ƣվҵҲޱȵĽ
ã¥һһѹ
ڷţֻҶͻȻһˣԼǰһСߣҶһץͽԼץУʱҪ顣ųһ亹ǿȴʹѣǻþ֮лָǿµ
ʱҪѲڣȴѾˡ
ȥҲ̶ã


739 ս
¥ĴӲΪ˭Աǿ
ġŵĻȥʷʷϣд貵ĹԶ֮ʱսķɨȫ޵֣һǿ屻ǻǵĽ£գǳΪ粻ףռ˾˵ΪԴ֮صʥأ֮Ϊ
ȷţԼȾԴ
˵ֻһרôǻʵΪΪ巢ġ
ڣ¥ĵˡ
ʲôһ»֮ڣ¥ţǿµȻ֮Ҳ޷еù򳬷ʥ֮
Ҷˡ
ף¥Ŀ˱һĻʹ֮ûг̫þͽˣг壬Ȼһȫ˫ʧһƮǺ֮С
ǵϢûʧǵȴѾڡǳһ߾ûǣȻǵûȴʧȥףû˼ġֲ
һֻƣȴ壬ꡢ
Уֻаʥǳʱ֧ӱҶһͳ׻ֻʣ˰ʥ
ɰ仯ɰֵı仯ʵ̫ˣ¥ĵţƵޱߵĿ־壡
ʲôʲô
ǰʥ֮УȴʹȻûдаѳǿᱻ֮ɱһʱҲ޷ѣȴҲɥʧս
ʮʥҲѾ֮ľȴҲ¥һµսȫ˶£ɥʧս
ǲʥһǸеޱ߿־壬һֻµĵط
Ǳ־ΧʱҶһҲǾȵõɴ۾һϲ£죬ƹԷҲˡ
磿ޱڼ֮࣬ȴҶԼЩԣæɵסĸ첲ʣ㡭ôˣ
ҶתͷĿȴޱȻ˵̱꣬ȥ
ʮɽСҲʱɽɢ
ôˣһеľ㵻δȥȰŷסҶ㣬ʡ
ʱҶѾȫԣҲãǴҲã
Ӧȣޱԥ˵ƽȣϢȶӦûʲô£ֻǡֻ˯˰ɣ
𣿡Ȼ漴ͷģġȡ仹˭õó
λûҪǵʱʱ
һͷʱԼ˾ŷ˹ͬʱޱҲҶҾ
ʥĽɱʥĻħʥħᣬŲ·ǵĴڳս;УߺһҲֻ˾ӶѡֻˣȴȫǾӢеľӢһ£ʱɱ硣
ҶҲ¥ĿǿһϣʱͷҴĲ´ţҶ㵹ˣˣҲ޷գѾвǿ֮Ҫ
һ£ʮͷһɢȥȴʥϣ
еĵλ
ƣ㷽Ųս𣿡¥һҪڻʲôҶԲѣȫҳ壡
ʵ˵ƷſһĻֲľתߵĳ嶯ʱѾȫŴˣҲˡ
ʱȴ˹ףȻҶǿ˼ֻáݵĵزԵҶ㣬ȴͨʥûʲô
ܳôԴ֮ڤʥر
ɱɱ´˹ʱٶҪ֮гɱֱӭŶԷϣ
ޱ㱣㣬ʣµĶˣ۷ž⣬סƴһ֣ǿǳɱǰӭĴ
ûҶͳһָӣⳡսҲûһսΪǰ˻ʥʥ͢˾ţҶ˾š֧ӣɸԵĽָţɵŵ˷档
ȻʥĸҲڴˣǴ࣬ԶҲӰ첻ľӲ֡
֮£ڤʥһھӾԵɢˡһҶ㷽һ֮һٻʵѾǵ飬Ǵĵ⣬ȴΪȺ˲ں֮ڣ඼Сʥľӣȴͳһָӵȡ
ʱҲ˲ôˣֻһŸɱΧҶߣµĵ˽ΪԼֵܱ
һ֣ȫɵˡ
ʱ֪ԭҶ㲻ԼЩѣȻҲһһ
ۼʮ¥ĵָ֮£ҶҾɱȥƺҲһ˼ҪҶ߽ɱҶҾʱӭһΪ׵ģҶ㷽ų˵һ
ʱʥЩͬȴֻбɱ⣬һһ濪ž͵һǰǵò㿪ÿ·һһһ𣬵˴Ȼƴ˸൱¡
ҪһԸ֮ʣѩӰȴͻȻХһ˹ȥӿһƬƬ⣬һ½һʮɳѩӰֱ֮˻ȥһ¾ͽһҪľץˣʹǼһ໴ţԶ
¥ۼһԼС൱Ȼ֣һҧ͵һ˹ѩӰһš
ʵҶԲѣ޷ѩӰϵѩӰ仯ɵʮɳľ
ʹˣѩӰһʱҲ¥Ĵƽ֣µһʱ޷עսκˡκ¡
ʱŭһɱ򰵼֮ʱʣµľסЩûôǿʱΧĿռ֮лܾγɵܣȴ棬ʹøǿȻͬʱס
סǣȴˡ
ʮֻͨʥԳʱɱ˹ټϰ׻ХЫЫһȺоӢսţʱʹֻ·硣
ɱħʥ֣ƵɱһǺ
һֱӶ巢䣬ޱߵĶһƬǿգʥȻҲܲסĶأɫ̣Բֹʧȥս
оڱǷ񿪻ѻһֻֻڶŻꣻһڷһⵯȻܼţһλλǿ˵Ԩ
սڿʼսĽȴƸеһĺ
һսͬжһиµ壬Ǻصʥ׸޷סսһһ似ǿսʿס˵նĵʩչ־ȴֱ˴ףһͬն룡
һʼԳͭһɱЩʥԼʱеȻζɴֱžսɱȥһʱȷųһУһ±㽫һͷ뼸ͷͨʥԳʮûȵľУùľһҲûʱͱʵΰأͨʥԳһﾫʱʹˮúһǿľȻһȭһȭƬɢѪ
ƿһУ̲סٴߵ뷨ʱɱȴһЦӭ˹
˵ڤʥĵһ֣ЦŶ˵ҿɵúúûһᡣ


740 ս
һȴŭԳϦͬȥ͸ޱߵŭ⣬һĺУ۾ȫ˳ɫ
֮ŭ𾪣
ǿһһҲǾ곤ľ۾ֱײЫ棬һɫĻ棬һ±㽫ЫΧ
֮ŭЫҲӲæȫ͵һ³˻Χ
û뵽һʢŭ֮ȴ֪Уһƾ˵Ļ棬ȴֻΪЫ档ЫһˣһʱŤͷȫХڣһ۳һʮɳĻХںݺݻȥ
ƣХڿţ͵ǿķϵΪһסǻ
ʱȴɫһ䣬ΪǾ޴ĻⱩһʱɢˣȴԭҲУ
дŽ֮ɫȴûֻͨʥԳȥȼܴǻͬʵʣײϣʱɢֻͨʥԳӲͷƤԿֻȭͷһ˹ȥǻ֮ϣȴʱս
һֻͨʥԳֻһ󾪿֣һʱ侹Ȼ֪ٴγ֣һ±ݺݵײ˳ȥֱǵϣƬ֮㽫ճɽڵһš
ʱХںЫȴü
Ц͵һʱų֮УڿתŷֱֳϮˣ˴Żȭӭϣ֮л֮ʣȴǾߵһߣɱһֻͨʥԳ
ˣЫ汻ˡҪ֪ͨʥԳǿǼʱҶڰףһֱıֻͨʥԳԼХڵı֮£ȻֻɱԼûٳˡ
һеžȥּ̧һ˳ǹУ˸ŹĹâž˹ȥ
һһ滯һ޶ܣ׽ǽ֮зųĳǹסͬʱֱײֻһֻսͨʥԳǰҪʩչɱ֡
ХҲˣһеһ籩Լһǰһеɱ˾ߣ̧־һצץʱ۳ɵצǾץȥ
צ˲˺˾һ½ץɢĻ˿
ʲôХڲһȻֵľʵֻһɻ۳ɵĻӰѣ
ľͻȻһ֮г֣Хںݺײ
СģЫۣ˹Хٵغˣȫ֮ܣԼǰ
ȴ룬УƻľһʼĿʵЫ棬ʱ濴ȫХڣʵ͵ЫɱۼǿϮ͸һĨ֮䣬ͻȻһβһӰЫš
ЫһһѪԶȥλЫսʿɺۣһеس˹ȥס
Ы棡ХڼˣŽܱ仯ΪУҪնȥȴͻȻſһȱٷܱʱײɳԶȻƾǿʥϨϵĻ棬Ҳ˲ᡣ
Цţһҡ׷ֱſХҧȥ
ʱХڣȴѾûлֵϢ֮УҲֻܱˡ
ʱһӰȴ׹ʧȥ֮䣬ͻȻ䵽˽ǰ
͵һȭǿʹֻܿתԼȫĻ֮һֻľצץȥȭͷڿжײһ
Уɢȴǰӷ飬ǱȥȵǰĶ֣һֿ־ʱͷ
Ҷ㣡
ʱҶ˫űɱȫ׹ƣʥڣĻаʱӣ
㡭㾹Ȼˣֵؽе
ȻҵĻ飡Ҷҧأͬĺ硣͵һ˱Ѿ˾ǰֱһȭ׹žȥ
ǿ񣬿ŻӳһצҶȭͷײһ
һһߵˣһȴʮɵľ
һֻצӣҪҶ˻󣬵ײ֮УССӰȴռϷ磬һ̲סһҽУʹؽצ˻
Ǿ޴צӣֻʣһС룬ȴһ뱻Ҷһȭ֮÷飬Ѫмڿзɢķ
ɱʹ֮ȴҲԣХſڱһֱҶײȥ
Ҷһǻǰ֮ʱ͵ȭݺһһ׹ȭͷΪһ壬ֱӻǴִĻҶǹһǰȥ˲͵˻ľͷ֮ڴ
һȭ֮ȫһâʱ˳ž˽ȥ͵һǾ޴ͻȻϣצӰţ۶ʹ֮ɫȴһֻƬ̹ӾʹһţȻһâ֮У͵ز˼£̱Ǻ֮Уٲˡ
һ˫ױۣ֮ʧȥ˹󣬱ɫ
ɱúãЫͬĲ֮ӣС
ʱа׻ɹȥХڷס
λߴȥˣҶԸһʱλȥ
û£һսЫ漱æ
ǾͿȥҩҽΣ˺սҶһгߵϣЫ죬ȴһҲҷԹԵò½Լˡ
ĿһתҶʣ֮ǿߡǼһȻղűԼɱʵҲĶȥӷ֮䣬ҲײɢʹֻͨʥԳƴȫҲΧס
ҶһսһʱȴסĹæȴΪ
ҶĿһһǾ˹ȥ
ɱǾҲɵһҶɹʱһʱʣһеŽһӲǽͨʥԳײҶ
ͨʥԳȻЩȣȴҲԡХںЫ徫Ӣټʹƴ֮ʱλһˣ徫ӢæߣһʱȴֻʣԿЩȻв
ȴڷŵĽս֮Уֻ
ЩһǾ޴ѾǳԲȻǲס
Ҷ㿴ЩͨʥԳʬ壬ɷһŭһ̧ȡħѣӶ֮ʮֻǿħū޷ӶֱŰӭȥ
Щħūޣħħɣʥֻ֮ǣȴĿӭŰֱ˹ȥԷԼķһʱ춼ǷĹ꣬˲ͽС
ôܣԶɱú޻֮ƣ֮пһĻɴסˡ
ʲôܣɱЦҶ˵ͷ˵ħѻأǲòʥвӳƣһ˱㵱һ֧ʹأƣǧ򲻸ãýҶ㵱Լĵˣ
˵ţ͵ƹȥǱˡ
ʱҶ㽫Ҳȡ˳ǿĻҲź⣬ƺΪܵʹʧսѵŭһ㣬飬ֱ̧һƬˮȥһΧСˮ֮Уˮͬһˢž޴壬ǿľɷһʹĺС
ʱҶһ׹˹ȥһȭػǾԴ֮ϣ͵һ˼±㲻ˡ
ҶҲֱӽʬ֮ͬǰɱǾһ֮С
ʮֻħū޷ĹƣסӲֻ֮սȻǱϾѪ˼άиẦµģЩħūһ㣬ȫûκο־ֻ֪ս
ֳ֮£η֮ģʵۿۣǵ
ɵعЦ
Դ˰죬ʱͻȻĴһط˹ҲҶ㣬ֱɱ˾ǣּ̧ųУһֻУǾţеļȴ絶һ㽫ʳһһΣѪ·ɢ
ҾɱҶ۷׹⣬һ


741 
ת֮䣬ֻʣ
֮У곤һıߡĿͬĳǳɳʱۼ֤ǵ
ôҵ
ѹֲסĵıߣһе˶飬ƴһħū޵İΧҶ˹ҪԼ֤ǿ
ս֮ϣν˵ʵ³çˡ
˫ƴʽسɱȴҲȷżвһɢ֮УһųһˮһһУһˮһһãȴʹһʱ䣬ˮ裬˪ɢһµ͵ܽǿҲ˲䶳ɱӵĳ̶ȡ
ʱԶԶ㿪̧־зһһѹסͷȴĿ󶯣һӭǰȫӿһˮֱײǵˮ
ȴƻغٺһЦȦӹǼ
Ҷôʱ䣬Ȼ֪ҶֶȴǽƻرܿǿУǷĵؽǿнҶ㣬ԼҶʰġ
ˮһˮ֮УʱɡλˮϵʥջˮǶһֻֻ͵Сһ㡣
ղŻƴ־ľһ¾ɵۣδϵԼַʽԷƽɣȻԼɣ̻ôԼй񲻶ΪԷ
ԥ֮ʣĶξ΢΢һ
ҲΪ˴־ı仯ٲںһ
ɱҶͳסһѾڱϷһȭ֮֮ݺݵ·ȥ
ǱҲҧ͵ͷӭſڣһ˪ʱۣȴҪʲô˪
ǷͣһĻѾҶڷ˲˾ڡֻԼһ㱣漴ǿ֧˹
һ㱣ҪҶһȭһâݺݵĿУõı֮ʹ鿪ͬһöбը߰㡣
µһâʺ壬ڿߣѸٵƻһ࣡
ʹţŤһ³鶯ܿͻָƽʧȥڿлƮţȻҶһ硣
ˮ֮ۼǿͬôɱеĿ־ٴȻŵʧȥս⣬תҪȥҶλŹЦһĻʹˮ֮ľƬ̵Ļ㱣ٶʱһ
һ֮ʣ׷ȥֱھͷϣʮָ֮䣬һָ˾˫֮УʱһϹӡʹصշʱ㲻ˡ
ΪָѾͷ­ʺƻԴҪ
͵غݺһţ㽫岻֪ԼٱľҶ㣬ҶֱӴ磬ʬ
ʣµʱҲΣͷʮֻħūһΧǣǿҲ֧ŵסοмʮһԲɧţʵɱ졣ۼͷ峤ҶУеĿ־岻һ賤־ǵۣҲܵӰ죬Ҳ޷һȻһȴңԶ˴˵ģ˿ͳһΡ
֮£ǵҲֻǾˡ
ǿһѩӰ¥۾ˡ
徫Ӣʮʥ
Ķܺɨһе֮ʦôԼҵ³ʮȫʮȻ⣬ʣµҲֻǹӲд
ŭˡŭ
ԼкĿصʣϣͬ壿ǲȡҶԼһΣҲϴˢյĳ裡ԼʷΪͶ̡
ˣˣˣһ¥Ҳڷƴ֮һ֮Ϸڣʯյụ̀͸֮ɫ·ǵص׵ҽ
ɢѩӰȴҲгԲ̲סȥʱ¥ĿһʯԺҪڿйţһ鶼ɢ޴˳֮ɫ
ǧСһʯһѩӰѩӰֽһӵŤʮɳľ֮ҺɨһȵҴɣǾ֮ȴҲпٵĵ
¥ҲѩӰ͵һתҶ˹ȥзŭĳХӿһʯĴ󳱡һʯǳңϢһʮɾҶݺݵײ˹ȥ
µһҶҲɫһ䣬ȫ׹͵һӿ⻯һף仯ɸߵˡſ˫֣һµסľͷ
ŤӣǰȫҪƿ༷ѹڱһľ죬֮Уķ鿪Ҳ˿
Ҷƺһʥ֮ı֮£ȻҲɳʮԶ۵³һѪ
磡ޱһʥɱ֮£ҪҶɱȥ
Ҷϵһ֣ɫ䣬ֱסǰԼ¥ġҪƴұ֪һƴҲ򲻵ģ
ӭǰ˫ָԴһµ۳Σһ֮ǹǹϣŽ֮ʹȫʵɽ֮ʣУڽѹ֮²ϵ֮У˿µĻ
һĻڽں֮УΪǵꡣ֮ǹ˲ӵԼǣһһǰɱе׳־
˵ǹֻʹһεĻʥǿޱȵĻʥ
ɱ
һȣҶʹʧķŭʹ෢֮ǹ䣬ӭ¥Ķȥٶ֮죬һ㣬¥۾һǹѾǰ
У¥Ҳ˾޴Ӱֻǰצȫ˵֮ɫڳ֮ҫ۵ĳȻ֮⣬Ⱥץס֮ǹ
ֻһץ㾡λǿߵ
˭ץס磿
¥ıܣ
Σ
һ˲䣬¥ıоצϴľʹһֿµʹܣ෴ȴֻצӱʯײһ¶ѣһֳƶһԵʹ
ʹȴɼ֮ʱǱֿˣ
ǹֱӻ¥ĵһצٷֱǰ¥ĵһʱ䣬â󶯣ը֮¥Ǿ޴֮ϣʱµĴ󶴣һ֮ѪɽУ
ЩѪҺڿ۳һѪӣ̺һССԶƮȥǴһ磬һ˵õ̷ʱͿƾ֮ɾǿߣ

Ҷ㣡֮£¥ķһŭͻȻ䶼֮ɫɫ֮Уһ֮ۻ˵ʯһ㣬ҺһӿţȻٵ޸󶴣һǰצҲٴ˳
ɱ㣡ŭӭҶ
ɱңҶЦһҪΪҿһн֮֮ȼģƴͬھȫԼսӢһҺ
ɲ֮䣬׹ȴһƬޱߵˮһ½
һʱ䣬ƬˮһƬƣе


742 ٻ
֮䣬һƬƱǰȥҰľ¥Сʱ֮ˮ籩һĳˢ¥ĵ壬ˮĶײ֮ˮڣһ֮ڶǿһƬһСˮˮĵش¥ĵĲҽ֮ڶ
ǿϣʱȫѣ·âһֱǲҲ̶á
ǿˮϵ֮Ϲ֮£Ѹȴʯ֮ˮˢţҫ۵׺ţѺۡڿҡڣǲ֮ƺʱ
Ҷ㣬úݣĺķļ¡
Դ߲κʴȣҶ˵̧־һ׹˹ȥ¥ľȻҲ㣬ֱӳסһ׹ʱһƬƤֱӺɣ¶ࡣ
࣬ʱҲʯһʵأ·ȫѾʯ
Ŀ䣬סҶ㣬ȴһĹЦţͻȻըʯ΢ȻЩ΢ֿٵϣһʯšһɾ޴ɣΧеˮɢ
ٵԳ壬Ҷߣ¥ʹʲôɱС
ɲ֮䣬ʯͻȻӿһǿޱȵţһӰͳֱӽײ÷飡
¥ģ㾹Ȼˣߵ𣬳Ǿ޴ӰĿС
ȴһֻʮɵľӴޱȣȫŸ߹Ļƽ֮ɫǿдʯͻƶȻײ÷顣
еĿⶼеǾȵؿе޷Ρ
˭Ҷ΢΢üʡ
ϣڤԷñߵšҵֵ¥Լٻʥ磬ұ˵Ѫ⣬Ӣ飡
ߵҲ䱻ΪӢ顯ҶЦţֱ̧һ׹ȥ
֮룡ڤ̧̧צӣһʱǰɣЩŽĹֻҪһۣʱʹʧҡһ׹ϣʱнʶɢҿ˿ֱнɡ
ڤǾ¥֮ϵڶǿߣʵһ㣬ʵǳ¥̫࣡Ҳˣܵ˸֮ƣ޷ͨͨʥ硣¥ԼΪٻ֮ȴˣ׵ɱˣ
ֻߣȴѾȫܡ
ˣٻ֮Ĵ۲ν޴󣬲¥ԼڤԶ뿪˼磬ܽͨȫ򿪣ⱲӲۻúûǲãֻԶʥ֮йˡ
ֿɱľеޱȵķŭ
ŭʹԷӸΪǿδҶ֮ǰһһƻҶλǿҲһݲɱη壬ʹȫ淢ӳ
֮磡һ֮Уڤ͵һǾ޴徹ȻͻȻըѿҶһȫΧһĽռ֮С濴Ǿһ޴Ľ򣬷·һС
ǽ֮УһֻۣڤǾ޴塣Ҷ㣬һЦΪܽ¥ıƵ԰Ⱥˣشˣ¥Ȼеλǿߣҵһλ֮ͬ޷֮Թ巨ȴ֮ͬУΪӽʵĴڣԶ֮ʱ巨ȴգٽͬһС磬ɱңԶҲ벻Ҳ
˵ˣһάֹƽһսķˡҶһЦ⵹Ҳȴʡñ˹ǣ
ǿڤŭһΪԼĿۣڤɱ֮
һâ𣬽ţӿһγ˱˪һȴǼȣ˲ٽ֮УҶΧȥ
񣡡ҶһʱΪһƬƬˮȴһƬأʹһһˮβܽӽҶ㣬ܱ˴ںϣӳ
̵ıֻʥ飿ڤмغһҸ㣬ȻӵǿޱȵˮϵԲܱ㣡׷
УıȴͻȻһԳʮɵľͻ֮͵һչռ֮бʱ˿ҵˣ˱ۻʯ˲䱻ճ⣡
һԻǰҶ£޴ĳγ˴ΧĹҶԶӡ
ֺαӣԷȷʵǿǻ˴ǰȻ޷ԿڵҶ֮ڷŵһɲǼ䣬ʶص籾ԭ֮ȴѾٷǹȥɱȣ
ʱȻ޷ַǾ˵һԿһֻȴ㹻
һ̧֣ʱ򿪣һг˾¯Ҷһ¯ǾʱһֻֻǻХ¯һд򿪣޴ͬˮһ㣬ǻ֮һ¯Уֱ
ʲôڤһʱʶλܽ¥ıƵ·֮ϵʥǿߣȷʵֻ֮Լ֣ͬ
ʧˡڤ˵Ҷ㣬ԭֻΪǽ֮ӵݺķͣû뵽ȴǿ󣬿Ҷ¡Ҫóɱ㣬ңһԶסǿУ
ֻȴò˶೤ʱͻ㡣ҶһЦһܼסǵʡ
̫ˣڤһ˿ûʶҶǹľһУٴηųһ
֮֮
һŤĹצ˳ҶΧӴ񻯳ɵˮҲ֮ŤʱҶ㣺Сģⷨκزסˮϵ͸ԻҪǿ󣡡
ˡҶ΢΢ͷ
ɲ֮䣬Ťķ֮ѾϮ˹һ½ҶΧҶֻоһԼ͸͸Ƥ⣬һʧȥʥıͬһ
Ҳʱһˡ
һâҫޱȣ·ռ֮ͻȻһС̫һ㡣С̫תţȻʵ壬һһ㡣ʵԽԽ󣬽ɢʮɣһСС
ɹâС̫Ҷֱѹ˹ȵĹҶ㣬ʧȥʥƤһʹ
ɣڤЦţѾʧȥʥı˵֮֮ڵˣɱ㣡
ȷҶ㻺ͷ漴һЦҲδ̫ˣˣҲ֮ܵ
ûиڤԼԵĻԭ
֮ʱ漣ˡǱҶ֮ȴԴԴϳȡҶγһı
֮巢ԸķԸԼͬڸӦҶߵ֮󣬱ʱɢٲҶãҶȴʥľ޴ֱӽԼһˣ̧ץ˾¯׼С̫һĻ棡
ұ鼱֮£ڤŴ߶ʹǻûѹλõСֱ̫ӱը
ȻУ·ĩһ㣬̻ݺᣬɣ
󣡡
һҶһֻ־ž¯һֻȴ͵ش˺ʱһԿз裬밵ķϣһıըⱬը֮£ڡ׷Ļϵȴ绢ȻС̫ıը֮ȫ棡
޴ĳʹٽҲòȶﶯݣ


743 ͨ
òϣڤʵȷʵ¥ĸ߳ࡣ
һ·ײ֮Уǿĳȴ˫̶ͬȵˡڤڿзȦͣҶȴײ˳ȥֱײڳٽıԵͣ
Ѫһһ˳Ҷ£ֱһɾƬ֮һѪ
ܵܣڲܵ˲̶ͬȵ˺
⻹Ϊڹؼʱ̽ԭȻֻһˣһָͷҲٰ첻
ȴشԭֱͣûǵʥٲ۳Σֻ۳һˮ
ҶݺҧҧĬĬתվֱӣջ磬źԶǿС
ڤҲ˱仯סҶ㣬ǲСС壬Ȼһδµĸ֮
㡭ôģڤǿװ򶨣һڱһģȴССͣһ¡
һ£ûҶԣڤ΢΢һЦ֪ڤڵԱȻˣ
ǰҲ㡣Ҷ΢Ц
Ƚµ˵ڤˣֱӱһһ޴ıУƿǰֱҶ㡣
ôͷŸղЩµķˣҶһЦ˵Ҳᰡ
˵Ц˵ЦǾ޴ıУȴһҲҴ⡣һ̧֣֮֮оۼһסǵ۳һ˳ǹһĻϣǹ꣬һ˿֮ʸ볤ǹһ壬ʹǹӵһ͵һ·Ȼ˾Ӱƿ֮Ҳݻһ
һǹҶȴͣ٣̧һֻ֣ȴһǵʥŶԷȥ
˫ӣһ˸ʥǹһʥһѰʥһڿʥõɵ֮ʯһûͷûԵڤȥ
ЩһԵĻʥĵȴʥǽ֮Լ֮γɣ˼ʹ֮£ȻʹЩʥ
һ£ڤɾ͵ù
Ȼ֮Ҷ֮£ܵõ֮Ѿֳ˽ɣڷһ֮ܵˣʹ޷̫޴޷ͷЩǿ
Աǳ˴
һУûüͷųӦе㱻ʥֱӻ𣬶ʣµʥһһӶڤ˹Ƶס·Ǿ޴峤ʮɣЩʥ˵ֱСɽһĿ꣬ʵ̫ˡ
Щʥȫǣȴ֪ѰҶԷҪ֣һڿзţ񡱵ѰڤĹؼλŵλڶǿ߳һ亹òһһ±仯Ρ
ȴһһɶߵĽ׺ӡ
һСʱ˶ʱȷſ˲١
Ҷȴ·ʹһ㣬ԲסһʥʮʥʱͽڤΧ
СƣȻҲƣƷǰ޴󣬼ʮʥȻ޷ΧסһСЩʥȴ㹻Сһʱʥַɱڤ
ʱ˰ʮһһʥ֮Ҷ֮ͣѾ˼ޣ֮Ѿˡ
ս֮ʱһƣȫ֮ʣҶڰģʶ֮·ĹҪȫûпܣһҶյĴ֮Ļ֮˼ʣҶҪǿµĻԭȴѾΪʮһʥѾ˲ˡ
ʮһʥҲγɾ޴в
ʮһʥͷ·ǰʮһֻʥһ㣬Χסڤһͨôڤƴ϶ųҲֻǻʮʥȴæ֮бһʥǹ˴ȡ
ʥǹ֮ʱһ±㽫ڤһȺ˻ҽ
ҽУڤһ˫Ѫ۾ţʱʥȴһ̣λڶǿ߷ȫһ»ָ˶ʮɵľ֮ΣԼ޴һµĽ֮ȫ˾һӲĽβɨͬʱʣµʥ
Ƹ۵һ
һ֮УڤеȼҲе
ǰʥ֮ԵС࣬ʮʥͬʱȻҲֻǽڤĴβͺмѡ
һ֮ڤϢһ±ǳٽҲڶֱ¿Χǿա
ڤϢţϵϢ΢ӿšЩĿ¶һ˿֮ɫΪһȴһǧģ
ʥ֮ȷʵĪӰ죬ãѾ˸Ϊ򷽲һȼľҪԨˡ
ʱȻûȴҲѾˣûһ֮Ҷ㣬˼ǻȴ˱̲סٻԼǰ¥ġ
û뵽û뵽̾ţ֣վȻɥ֣Ҷ㣬岻ȴһҪ
ʲôʸ˵ֻҶ䡣̧ͷǺ֮Уĳʬ⣬ȴʥʬ塣ЩʬУеĴڤʥףȴҲһִŰ˻ʥס
ҶҾսʿʬ帡ǿ֮У
ҶҾĸ߲֮УֻͨʥԳֱӱҶʱԭΣ
Ҷ㱾ˣʱҲ
ôܲǻߣ
ãڳٽдս֮ʣ˻ʥȴѾϵڻñָ֮£Ѿȫ߳ڤʥΧʱȻսңȴѾǼսսԹˡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цˡ
ʱҶȴͻȻʲôͷĵطﲻͷһʱȴ벻ס
һ죬ʻԴɱʱǵĩգڤؽţٴȼԼٴλ˾һ㣬ʱһ߹Ļƽ֮ҫ𣬽һĻƽ
Ųȱȫ壬һȼֱҶ
ҶǻƽǱޱȵĹ⡣̧֣ʶɲ֮һ˿Լ޷ƵĲⲨ֮УһĻͻȻΧȻǾ޴ĻԭֱΪ崫ʥ֮У͵һ´ڤϣ
һ˲ڤб˴㵵ĹʣƬ̼䣬ǹâʧȴǿĻ֮ɢ
ݣȻϣٿҶڵ֮ӿҲעڤ˲䣬ڤŤ̳һ޴ԲĻ֮Բ룬͵һ֮䣬ȻԲһ޴ͨ
һ˲µĻԭͼӿ֮ͨڣ̵ͬĺˮһ㣬ϲ
ҶۿһУȴͬһ㣬Ȳ֪οƣҲ֪ӦνһС
ֻǸоʲôƺҪԼҪԼɢ
˭뺦ңȻ䣬һڵʥӿ˻ʥңӦʱõʥ֮ȫ֧֡һʥ֮ȻʱҪĻȫѹ
Ǿ޴ĻԭٲҶΪýʥ磬ʱƽϢڤγɵԲ֮ڣһͨȴȻţĻٳУһ𶯣֮УҶ
֮ȴ˲ҽС


744 
ʱҶսﲻԾˡ
Ǿʮʬ壬ʱȻˣԼһƻĻֲҲѾʧó׵ס
һ˫ߴﵽ֮࣬սΧǰһƬ˾ʮʬ壬Ĳ̫һ±ע⵽
ʬȥˣҶڤγɵ֮ͨţһ˿ӿһеĻѾõ˴𰸡
ȻԼһٻƾʮ壬ʵԼɿصĻԭԼ֮ʩչĿĿģǶЩʬ壬ĻԽʥ֮У
Ҷ󣬾Լڤս֮ʣЩʬһѾĻĵռݡûֻʣǵֲʬȴĻϲ֮
˼ʣһѾսеķңĵߣص֪ĵطˡ
ĻԭǲЩʬģĿ꣬ȴӦе壡
ٴҶ㣬ڤϵ֮ͨһٽĻɱ壬ռǵ壡
ǴֱʣǺǻۣæ˰죬ȴΪ£
ҡͷһ̾ҶȴֻܿЦ
ĻѾȫʧˣڤ̯ɵԲ֮ʧͨҲˡҶţĻǱضбİ취֮ʥ磡
ǧ㣬㰡Ҷ㲻ҡͷ̾һ
ΩһģҲֻǷڤͬʧȥʬ֮С
һսĻĻ꣬ҶջҲСһͷڶǿߵʬ壬һ
Ǻ֮УȴӰֻʣһǱʥѾӰ֪˻Ǳɱ˭ˡ
սѾӽβڰ˻ʥǿ֮£ûְڤʥȫܣӵӣѾβɹģ
Ҷ磡ñҶ˹һϲ˵ʥʸմҪǽ֮ƣʤһڤʥأףôأ
ʱޱҲŷ˹ñòһЦлģҷ»ǲˡ
ȻҶĸ첲еʣô
ƽʱôƺҶ㣬ڻñǰΪȴ̫ԡ
ҶЦһû£ֻЩˣЩʱձˡתñ˵ַڤʥ£ҶҾ㲻ˡȴҪȥ
ҪñæͷʥǱһ˵ġ
м£һʥתҲҪСġҶ˵ûзʬ岻ˣ
ôһ˵ñܣ˵ͷˣֻм壬δ̫ЩɣʱֻЩ塣
ɱоʮôܲأޱܣҲһľȡ
٣ñһ
ڿս֮һƾ˾ʮ𣿡ޱЦʻñ
ñû˵˵ֻǵҶ㣬ӡ
Ҫ˵ıǴ¡Ҷü˵ǲҵĻԭҵͷŵĿĲǰǣҪЩ壬Ļ֮ãڷţĻԭ֮ǿдͨͨͨѾɱ˲壬ռǵ塣
Ȼ£ñȫˡ
ȻóѣаȻ룬ֻҲסҶ˵ǾʮĻռ壬ȴӦ˱֮УǴ󻼣о֮ʱҪС֧
ˡñüͷҲϢȥҪеСĵġ
ǾͶлˡޱŻñһЦæҶˡ
ҶҾ˵ҶˣһæΧ˹Ҷ㲢޴֮ŶһΣѩӰһ˹ѩӰɵҶ·һ½ҶһҶķѰĹģ
ҶʾԼ޴֮󣬽¶˵˲ɶһɫĪܼæҶ֮⣬ʥ͢ת˴¡
һ뿪սͨռһ·շתصءҶ˲ᣬʵҪգȴʥʻ㱨£ĳɳȻ֪ԼӦô죬ȴء
֪֮ҲɫʱʾҪӣѲЩ塣
㣬»Ͷһ˵׻˵һľ÷ǽ֡ЩӽˣпصΧ֮ڣ鷳˺úѲ顣
ġҶһͷҲһˣ֪ͨе塣
Ҿͷˡĳɳ˵ͷȥ
պҶˣԲ뵽֮УҲһҡͷ˵϶ʵϸһ룬ҲáĻҲãµĶ㣬ĵҲܵذɡʥпܣļһﲻ𣿡
鷳ʲҪиҪʼձ־ǡҶ㶣
ȥ֮Ҷһ½ǣ˻ĳɳ֪ʥ͢ҲûѲ鵽κӰĻȴƺƾʧһ㡣
֮˻ʥ֮ûĻвˣʥҶҲһһ֪ᣬҪСĽ
һʱ£Ҷ㽫ڤʬȡ˳һʥ
һսУҶҾջСõʥ仯Ϊԭͺʬ壬ǵõʥ֮һ㡣Щʬ嶼ĺòϣʥǶЩҲκʴȣԴǵʬȻ飬ҹæţЩǿ֮׷ƳԱʥ
ʮʥսɣͷսֱӱͷʬ嶼رЩʬ壬κ˶ƣֻǱԶҶ㡣
ЩڤʬıҶ״̬Ѿѣٲ飬ֱȡ˾¯¯֮ڤʬװ
¯ڣڤʬ֮У𽥱ΣҶ仯仯һƣȥʮʱ䣬ɣҶ㽫¯Ǵ򿪣һ¯һʱֱϾ
ԹԣһԹۿɹֽôô
ǹʮɣڤԭСȴΪڤ屾Ѿȱ룬֮Ҳࡣȴûмȫɢſµ
ˣǹһܺ󣬽ҶݣӼǫ
һ᲻Σգޱ̲סǵʡ
ᡣҶҡҡͷȥѾȫʣµֻǡѾΪµǣһ㣬Ѿǻ۵ĻΪСȻǿ󣬵ҲֻܾڽϵһַΪЩ巨ڤģȴһСɡ
ϧˡޱҡͷ̾
¡Ҷ磬ʥʬȡ˳һͶ뵽¯֮СҽˣΪһܽԭ
˵ţĲҲ˳Ͷ뵽¯֮У¯һֻһʱ䣬ֱӴ¯ǡ
ɲ֮䣬һˮվڿγһƬƣ֮Уߣ漴أһ𣬻֮ΡǰҶǰڵأлش
ȥҶ죬ӵн֮֮ʱ񣬸֮ʤǰ


745 
ҶƳɹ󻤷֮ʱʥ͢Ҳ˺Ϣڻñ֮£˻ʥڤʥɱڤʥʣڤʥ֮Ⱦߡ
һʥ򣬾ʹ䣬ҲΪ˾Ϸֲ֣νҡ
ҲǾȡԼ԰Ӧִۣ³
ҪһˡҶ󻤷ޱҶͥ˵Ҳ֪ˡƽʥʱһǿС
ȥɡޱͷ½Һʹǣġ
ޱҶͥЦ˵ڣҲòôءԼҪСЩ
İɡҶͷ
ͨͨڣȴʥ֮ڣҶͨռŸ˹ȥҵǴ֮ǽƳһֻԼܿŻȻſŶ룬һ֮ͨǽƳĺɫǰ
ţӦϢȴֲ޽ش˴ʱŷ˳ȥСĽŹر֮Ǻ֮һƧ֮ȣʱȡϵ
ˣȵȻôƽֱڵƽֱ֮Уȴһļ
еôˣҶʡ
˳Ȼش𡣡սݱɿǱ㲻ϴѾ沢ٸС䣬˿ﵽ˰ǧ֮ࡣȻǣչĸѾγɣòãܳΪһɡ
˿ڵĵһ󲢲ΪҶ˵ص㻹ʵ
㲻ˡȻش𣬡еǿ첬ޡˣǽеǿߡĵλ㲻ɶҡ
Ҫܿ𡣡Ҷ˵֮Ҫǵ䣬ǿʯΪ֮ڵף˲ܻøõĺƽ
ǣȻӦܳȥ죬ðܶࡣ
½ҰɡҶ˵ͷȡϣûб仯ɡסģԼ󻯳һ塣
ҴαװӽҪΪṩϢҶ˵ʲôС岿ڣ
ᵽҵ֪һ岿䡣˵ǼһС䣬˿ڲǧҲʮɣǵһ塣ͦС־ȴСǺųҪ䷢չɳ䣬ȻΪռʥĵһء
Ҷ˼һ˵ͷһҪǰæȻز֮Уһɡ
˵±ˡסģǿʯȥ
ǿʯ䣬Ҷʱܵ¡صĻӭʱǿʯѾ֮ͬǰٲȻѾӵˡ硱ĸ֣һƬ
ϴ󣡡ʯ̽һһȺӭҶ㣬ǴΰݡҶЩˣлʮǿߣһ۾ܸоʵ
Ƿչõͦ졣Ҷοص˵ͷ
ǡʯٺЦţϴ˴õľ棬ǲȫΪϴЧĶԵϴأǵʵѾСʲô䣬ǸҲ÷ˣ
ϴ󡣡̽˵ҲäĿֹۡȻڻս֮УȻʵڡȻøΪǿ󣬵ڳãĻȶ仹ֻŽɣӵŽһĲ䣬ǿ󡣡
˵ĲҶ㻺ͷһ֣ʾ⼸˵ʯ̽ǰ·˲һ㡣
Ҷ˽֮УʱʥΧſ˵һҪԸ䣬ǵ
ⲻװɣ̽Щȡ
ҪǰæҶЦ˵ȣ˵֧СҪǰæɾΧ
ǡûжĻֻǵͷӦ
ϴô£ʯһĺ档
Ҫڵݻ䣬ѾˡҶ˵Ҫһµݣݺʺң֮ǰʹȣ֧Сҵ⡣ǰҹⲿ䣬ҳûȡ֮ݻ䡣
ʯ̽ţ˶֪ϴֱ¡ֱӵͷǣ
ʯ̽ôʹ죬Ӱ죬Ҳٶʲôֱӵͷ
̽أʯҪȥҶ㻹ǵǿʯİȫԽҲֻǴŻһ֧˶飬ƺƵǴȥ
ҶֱӽҲ˳һ棬ʱ۾һˣ־ˡ
һס֮Ի˵˲ӵľ
ӦõġȻͷֻϧҪؽ磬ܳߡ
ЧάֽȶȴΪ˷˴ǡ˵
֮󣬵һ䣬ȴֱһ޴ɽĲ䣬һģ㲻󣬶һǲ֮бʱ˷˳ȴһλ塣ǧĴ֮·ɳ䣬ڲǰԴ
ʲôˣһ
ǲ죿ʵƽֱëȻ
ǡʲôɫ䣬ϵⲻס
ֻǿǲɽЦһԹԽǣǱԲ
ôǲȻŭ̧֮һ˹Ҷʾ֮£ʾŵرܿȻ𣺡ʶôֻ·һɱ
ɱһ£ǿʯԱʱɱ˹ȥ
һսʹ˿ʼʱذǿʯҶʾ֮£ȫˣȴҲֻǧ˴ƽֶѡ
Ҷɱǵߣʹ˸ɫʱɢޱˮһ½Уκ˶޷ȷǵҲӣ״Ҳңϻ֮䣬ȴʹһ⻷ķǹ⻷סƶˮˣҪ֮Χˮ
֮εǿƽģ
Ƭ̼䣬ҶѾĽǰŻ֮ΧһˮȴܿҶжʱһǵʲôˣ
ȡˣҶĿһ˲嵽ǵǰǴһ̧֣һ޻˳ȥҶ˹ҪҶס
Ҷϸо˵ʵҲɵͷޡСӸҷſ˵ҪΪռʥĵһˣҲǷſڣʵʮֳɫ֮УֻҲֻǲλѡ
ҶǰʵȻʲôЦһ֮ȡ˾¯ֱǻ𻷽Լס
Ǽ״һϲлһ֮ʣǻʱһ潫Ҷȫ֮ʣҪҶջ
ҶҲż򿪾¯һӦĻ֮ʱ˲мĳ֮ſһĻȫ¯ڣת֮˸ɾ
ۼԼųĻ棬׾ͱԷڣʵһҲ벻ǰ֮ڻǬֻöԷɻʵ־壬ɶݵһ
ҶǿǰǺʵûκҶǰһץ˹ȥֱץסǵĻ𻷣¯һһ֮Ҳ¯ڡҶһƴȥһ׹ʱȫһĻ֮˲ڣѶԷ壬ʹ֮ʣٵꡣ
һ죬ʹɡ
ҶˮΪ۷ռ֮ϸع۲ǵ
ҪûʥˣʮּѣΪò仯ȴǾ΢ӣ仯Ҳȫģ¡ͬǽɣ򵥵ö࣬ȫһϸСĲɣֻҪЩ״СϷʽظǱΩΩФϤ֮ҲԱϡ
ҶϸģȴҲûö೤ʱ䡣
һ׼׵㽫ǵ嶪磬Ȼǵģ
¯֮ڣֱӷȴģ³Ļ淨֮һУ滯ɻչͬʱʱɢˮȴ·Ի֮ƿһ㡣


746 
һƿˮ֮ʱųյʱװ֮״ȥ
ЩǿΪС𣿡Ҷһǰ̧־һ֮ǹ˳ȥһǹͬһ磬˲䵽ǰŴȻը졣
һҽУһ±ʮĳǹ÷˳ȥͬǺһǡ
ͬ飬ҪҶʾ֮£ȴųɱȻȶ֣ҶѾַų֮ȫһţŻȺݺݳȥ
ڵⳡսԼһսǲˣۼ˷ܵһʱʿ
ڻ֮ǰǱضţֻȴ·һ㣬һʱתͷ
Ҷ㳤Хһһ緢ģǰȥһ֣αװ·бл֮ϣ˲仯һĳĻ仯Ľʵһ㣬һӣȳͬ°Ļ⡣
Ⱦֵضţ㿪һȴ㲻֣ȺֺݺݵײУȻҲ÷˳ȥ
˿ǱҶͦңʵϣҶ㽫Щ֮ƵüΪڣʵеڱʱɢˣͻȶһȭĸоʵʲôҲûС
ֻҶϷˡ
Ҷһ֮䣬ȴٴζ󻤷´ʱװǿؾһ𣬴ٴηƣˡ⡱رܿҶ㣬ר鲿еǿ֣һʱ䣬ȴʮǿ߱ɵ
ǿʯĳԱһԾɱУʱȫ֣鲿ǧ˸Ƕ֣Ƭ̹ͱɱһҡ
ҵˣɱǣҶţּһƬӿƵǿʯˣ׷ͻȷ֣ö޴ӡ
ۼһͬ鲿Ҳǻľ֣ʱٴδչɼһѪڵشţΪҶкá
һ͵һɢˮ󣬽ҶԼСҶˮڻߣͷһЦúܺáɡ
磬ʱСҶ¯֮ųһ޴Ļ֮ʱˮƿͬʱ𻷱ըȻ죬ԶԶȥͷ·û淨ɻһ㡣
ã쳷Ⱦһʱӱܣʱһ䣺ǲ䣬ǵţȥɨƽΪͬ鱨𣡡
ҵţҶǿ֮Уͬľ޷塣ǲеĽ˶޾ġֻǧɱֻҪڣȻƽ¡
תͷܣȴľս
ǧ˵Ĳ䣬һʧ룬ȴֻʣһǧˣνҡ
졭һλеǿ߾ֵطɵҶߣһǵ˵˵ô죿
Ҷװ˼Ƭ֮󣬳̾һòϣǵʵ̫Сƾһ˵޷䡣ҪܹƽӣȴҪڸǿ߲а
תͷˣʣΪأ
⡭˲֪˵ʲôãҲ˵ͷ
Ҷ֪Щ֪˵ʲôõˣӦҲΪͶǿߣ˵ʵԼλ첻ˣֱΪ˸ͷЩǿֻҵԱסҾͲҪ׷߶ȥˡҲΪһ˵ȨƣôҾˣǽձ벿䣬ѰҸǿ߼С
ǣһڽʱͷһж¶ϲ֮ɫóʵͶǿߵ˼ֻϵѹƣȴҿ˵ֻ
ֻҪѡʲôǿأҶߵĽʡ
壬ѡĲ䣬ͬԸҵġҶ̾Ϣһ岿ǿĪڻˣǱǰɡ
䣿ߵĽһಿԱҲ¶֮ɫ
졣ǽԥ˵ڵһǿĲ䣬ǡǻԸ𣿡
ƾҵʵѵǵǿ֮ռһϯ֮أҶһ˻ս֮УȨȴҪǿ߼ԼӪΪԼЧұԸˣΪǡ
˵ţֳ̾һ
ԱкһжֻΪǵԼɣ黳ʵ̫ΰˣԼͶλĲ֮Уȷ֮١
ңҲֱԼ
Щǿ߲࣬ǸʵߣеǵһҪһƬضԭĲ䣬̫Լ̫СձпʵĵصһƽߣŻʵûѡ֮ʣǲ֮УеǱСͬӰڴʱǲ䣬Ϊһ֮ؼС
һ֣ӵһʵΪԼԸɳһҵȻʵ֮󣬼йıµĽˡⲿ˻ս֮жѾȺɵˡս֮УصľʵչֳǷʵߣȻӲɱˡ
ʣµЩˣû־ļһȻԸҿôóˡ
죬̫ΰˣҶߵǽ˼æͷ
ɡҶ̾ϢһЩǿɱʱֻҲˡ
ǡǣǽ˼æͷɹȥָжóһڲ֮ҲӦһλĸ߲ʿֻʵǿȥӦǸ߲ߣȴһ֮ǧ֮ϵĵһˡ
ֻʣǧ˵Ĳ䣬ҲôûñѾϣʰ˸˽֮ִ˲й֮ҶĴ֮£Żȥ
;ûʲôر£һ֮һ˻ڵ
ʱǰȴطһС͵ĽɽɽԶʱΣһȴܼ˳ɽƽһСƽĽ֮ϰһſž޴󷢹ľʯͬС̫һ㽫ΧҲˡ
ʲôˣҽ򣿡һȴţλݵǿߣһ֧ǧ˵ľСҪз˳һס˵ȥ·
һԷƣǲЩʱͲǰȥˣһηҶֻΪǳͷ
Ҷ㲻ɴ֡Ҫ֪ȥûΧķҪģѵΪսĹϵȴ½ЩСƶҪΧ
ͬ塣Ҷ㻺ǰʩһ񡣡Ҳûж⡣ҽǣǲ죬ȫˣҪ䣬ڴս֮һ֮
죿еһ´Ҷ㣬ͻȻЦˡ㲿еȫˣ
ǡҶͷ
Ҳһ䣿һЦǴ֧Сһ͸ԳƲ䣿
Ǹովһƽ٣ʧһԱҶ˵
ӴʧһԱһҡͷЦô˵ԭǲϵǵСˣ
һͬЦǣЩսʿҲŴЦ
ǲĳԱǣԼоһ˿
ҶĿȴ˱仯Ҳñ䣺Ͷ죬ɨƽģģ
ôĿһһΪԼʲô
˵֮䣬·лһ֯Ż֮΢΢ȻҶֱ˹ȥ
ԼѡĻ֮·ֲҡҶƽƽ֮űɽĺ䡣


747 ɱ
ӹǿգͬĿһ㣬֮ʣѾ˽ǰһҶųȣֱƲһ㣬˷Ļ֮Уʱ㱻ָ顣
һУת֮зǰֱնȥֻüһһ滹εĻܣбѾп˻ܣӲնӲϡ
ǽžǶһһʱͬŵĻһƿ־֮ⷽһ£ȫϨ
ôӣԱλһȫŴˣһȴھ֮дһʱҪһɱ˺սûҶ㡣
ûһҶȴѾһ֡һ˻֮ǹʱ˹ȵĻյҲܲסæԻһֵܵ
ǳ͵ĻܣԲܵסҶǹһ̣ǹٵشǶܣֱؿڣ͵йâһűȻըѿԱߵͬҲɳԶ
һڻսʿŴˣôҲ벻λͷ֮˸һ˵Ľ֣
˵һ飡ҶţǴĳҪͶΪЧģҲսµģ˭ңҲ֤ҵ䣡
ǱɵʱڼױĲסӣһ˻˹Щֵʣ㵽
֪ͨ졣Ҷ˵Ҫ
áԥڵ˵ͷ㲻ٴǰҪȡ
ҵšҶ˵ңȴһǿĲ£һֲĵˣ
һ֣ʱ±´ŴصҪ֮С
һǲĳԱŸӵ鿴Ҷ㡣һ棬ǲЩҶľٶἤŭ䣬һ棬Ҳü
Ҳú¡Ҷתˣ첻κһԸΪЧǿߣԲΡչֳԽǿǾԽȫ𣿡
ףλҴĸ߲㼱æŵһͷ
Ƿ׷׸档
ϢɡҶָָԶһС͵Ľɽ
һСɽϵ֮дӵ߶һ޴ĽҪٵʻߣСҪ֮ǰȣСҪֱһ鲻۵ʯ
һ֧ɵĶҪз˳ת۾ͽǲһڵСɽΧԱǾֵؿЩǿޱȵĽսʿһ¶֮ɫҲ鲻Խش
˭˿Ҫǵ죿һԶзɳСɽ
ңǲ죬ǡҶСɽϷӭ˶ԼĶ飬ǿ֮жţʾԼǿš
´Ҷ㣬ͷҵ֪ôһ֪ԸԴС䡣㾹ȻɱλӳǲС㲻
أҶĿ䡣
Ҳ죿һʱСɫ
¶汾£ǼˡҶЦţͻȻ֡
һֱԾ¯Ļһ֮ޣݺݵسҼ֮ϡʱǿĻ֮޾絶һ㽫Ǽһұ۳ϣǼһĲҽҶһ֣ӱǼһϣ͵ػ˿µȼ֮УζȴҪۻˣ
龰ǲԱͻսʿǶһ˭Ҳ벻ǡ˵־Ͷ֣һ־Ƿ޿ɷɱУ־ԮȴҲѾˣ
ס֣ǿ߳ˣδȵͬʱһҲ˹ͼҶ㣬ԸԼʱͬ塣
Ҷûκλᣬһ֣л֯һֻľ֣һ½ǻץУ˲˸顣ţǻǰĳֱȼŵϣȻһУ֮ըƬ
͵ʬ޴档
ۼԼҲûͬ飬ʱסҶ㣬ҧʵ㲻˵ԼǴ⣿
ҵ⣬Ϊ߶Ҷ˵ǽҵ˵ˣ϶ҽгЦȴܶκ⣡øλģⲻⲢͨԼ߹ͷ­Ŀ꣡ҪһУͨʵõ
һʵǱҿ㾿ʵɣ
һϵ·ţٵؾۼĺ󱳣ת۱㻯һ硣ǳ޷ƮţȥԵƮݡĿ䣬ּ̧Ի֯һս󣬱һ
УһȴͻȻҶߣȻըǣҶ£ҶܸӦ̺żǿıըȴһķ
ҲֻǶԱ˶ԣҶ˵㷨̫ˡ
һЦУҶһ֮͵ΪתٵؽΧĻײɡÿһڷɳɲǾ͹ձըһƬǿջһ汬ĵ
Ҷȴⱬը֮ͻƶɱ֮⣬һŶԷȥһӿֱӻ˻֮ײԷ
ԷɫأȻƣȴûа־֮ɫһĻǰһ½Χסȴ·һܵľ޶ܣסһľҲסҶߡ
ı֮£ݵǱ֮һ䣬Ȼ룬ڻڻ֮£ӲػҶɱȥ
ɱˣһ޷նһУҶʲôˣʥ֮еĻԭȴԸӦκĶ򡣾۾Էĸλã֪һ
ɰЦһֻǼһԼ
Էȴ֪Ҷ񼼣ֻΪԼѾ֣ڻڻ֮£һ³Ҷ󷽣ӶеĻ޸͵Ҷ㿳
ұȫ㣡Ҷ䣬¯ȫ򿪣һӿֱӻֻ֣һֻץס˶Էľ޸Ǿ޸ڰУ䲻£Ʋߣһֱֻӽץס
㡭žȵؿҶ㣬Ȼ׶ԷΪʲôײ׽ԼĶ򣬵ʱѾǾµʱˡֻ͵սµѹ֮£оԼ徹Ȼ˲Σ
ֻ־ȻʵʣӵʵһñΣ
Ҫڸо˷ĵĿ־壬ŵش죬ʵûжġ
ҶĻ͵ʱ䣬Уǻ͵ս嵱Σ
°ʧȥƣʱǿ֮ߣϰȴٴαץס
ʱǻ渫ѾŵĲҽʧǱץŻ渫ľ֣ʱץסԴ
ס֣ʱһȴţһλǿҪзһһȼա䣬ƶһٵҶ
ٶȣǿĻ淨֤ǰһλǿߣһλڻ֮Уںĸ߲쵼ߣ
ʱú塣֮ǰҶѾԥطֻһ֮ͬ£Դϰ˼ңڿС
ֻͬʱըʬһҲʣ
ǴҴҸǿ߰ޱȵؽһҡͷ̾Ϣͣ


748 ܷ⽫ְ
ҶĿλǿߣĿûаη壬֮⡣
ûж֡
ԷôһҪɹʱѾˡԾҪ֮У
ĻԸԼСɫСֱӸ߾ˡֻҪΪļһﱨֱλǿ߼֧Ӿˣαش۵صôһ޴Ҫ
Ҫ̫ˣǽһ䣬ҲӵּҪĻʵɨƺҲʲôˡ
ҪǲġݡѲܱʱġС
ô֮ǰǼһı־ȫԹΪݡˣΪ˼Լŭ֤ԼıݡҶ㵱ȻıݻᣬһĻᣬǸùȻ
¾ԮһˣҶȴٶˣΪȻһһǲɹġ
Ȼ˿Ҷ㣬Ŀ⸴ӣҡͷ̾һǰɣ
Ҷһͷƺδս֪γƺ
丱죬̩졣Է˵
ԭǸˡҶһЦ·Ǽʱ֣ȴҪֵ︱ˣһɾ̫ˡ췽ôҶԻȴô²ļһ
⡭̩쿴Ҷ㣬Ǻڣһεҡҡͷ
뵽Ҫһɡָָ̩Ҫ㡣
죿Ҷװһˣô˵ء˵ţװ¶εı顣
ɡ̩ʵ޻˵ҡͷ̾ϢҶҪȥ
ڴ˵ҡҶǲ˷Ըһ̩ȥˡ
Ƭ̺Ҫ֮УҪߵһǽƽ̨ϣЦ⣬ԶҶ㡣Ҷ̩ɵƽ̨վǰȴʱмλǿǰס
λӦǲɣǲμ졣ҶŲ̬ݣһ
ǣȤشҶ㡣
Ȼ޷͸ҶǰıһΪ̫󵨵ͬѡ
ǡҶһЦҲң
˵ͷеԲԡ
ᣬʵףĴʥҰģ˼ԼһС䡣̩ʱ˵һ֮УҲǱȽ˲ţȥҲţû뵽ʵȻôǿ
Ȼ˲˽⣬̩⸱ȴһеú˵˵ǣҲǸոմ̩
ûôŻҶװһԵõӡ
ôΪʲôҪǣ΢Цʡ
ҶεһЦҲǱƲѡ֪ǿҲвǧ
⻰ǲͷܿһ㣬˵Ѿɳˡ
ҲǿơҶһ˵һϸشΧ
ٶʥǿߣƽ̨֮ϣڲΧƽ̨֮»ǧǿ߻񣬼ϷԼȫͬʱųʮħūޣֻҲ˲˲
ΪԼҲһλ֣ڲľ֣
ʱɣϷͱ뻹üȥ
ڲ֮ǰҵĲ⵽һǿϮҶ˵ǻҲûֻ̫֣ǵļ֮࣬һս֮УȻɱ˶Էһλ֣شһˣеĺȴҲ˸ɾ˿ֱʧһϡ
˵ţҡͷ̾һȻһˣԻҪʱҵð죬ཨĲ䣬ЩҳϵĲ¾͡ʱҲ֪˵ǿҲ޷ɴҵ
⻰ٴεͷ϶ҶĻκһǿߣֻֿ죬һƬԼĴҵ̸ףǽ䣬Ҳֻһ֮ɣһȺҳ־ͬ߹ͬŬн֮ģΪƾһ֮ԴһƬصˣˡ
졣Ҷ㹧˵ұֻϣõҵλ൱ĴУƴҵĲԱȻôҵˡ
һĺˡͷػϰһԸߡӦģҲҪĴۡԸ⣿
˵֮ǰֻȲѣھĸԸˡҶ˵һ˳ɴҵĵ֮ǰȷʵ̫çײˡ
ΪβȥѰҼıӻ̩üʡ
ʲôЦҶ㻹һüҵ뿪ҪҵͷȥǳҵʧܣһǧŲԱô죿
㲻ʧܣ̩Цһ
ʧܣҶһܼڵһĻ䣬ܵθְܽʧܣҵļʲôͻֱֵһᡣ
⻰Ҳ١̩΢΢ͷдŵ㳰˼
ˣҵĸ졣΢΢һЦ˰֪֡ħĸ֣֮Խ黳˵Ҳǹҡҹȥŭ죬̽ʵҲˡ
²ң̩켱æһ̬ȹ
ǣȻ㶼Ѿˣôͽɡ˵ţһ̧֣ʱһҶ㻺ط˹ȥҶһ۾ϳǽ˵Ĳɣӡ
ֻһöɣӣȴҶ֮ǰĶЩͬϾȻҲ˻ƣŻĹâ
öɣְҶ̲ס˵
۽֮ƵĽɣӡҲʢҰĽɣӣʮǿߣҲ޷ѹסıǸ֣Ǽĸ֣ҿʵ̩츱֮ϡҪ㣬ͱа̡
ˡҶ˵ͷԥؽǽɣ̳ȥ
ȻʵǶҲǽУ䵽ҶѡҶɣӣӦϵɰеͷ֪ⲬʵҲǸĴֻ֡˵ǽʱһϣʱڲǿϣԵûʲô˲õʥ
Ҷ㲻òϣȴǵڡ
ʥӵʥſܱøǿ󣬵ǿҲ֮ǿ󡣱ҶЩսʿʥӵʥгһʥ֮սߵþˡǷսأ
ʱֱͨĳǿߣһ
ǲͬǵֱѰǿĽøǿ֮ǼֱһȺʥ
һǿȴõԼ˶ȥɱǶ壬Ҳֻĺòϣǿʥȴмǿټųɣʥһ㣬־á
ۼҶ㽫ɣ£΢΢ͷ漴Ҷ㷢ֽɣɢһĹâʱһȻĴȥһ塣
ǲԼƽɣӣڡǡ˱޷ȥ
Ҷ㵱ȻںΪ˲𲬼ĻɣҲûѹƽɣӵһɱ仯ʥһΣЩȻͻ롣ֻ֮Ҷռ䣬Щ°ˡ
ӦɣѾϲ¶Цݣ΢΢ͷǣѾȫˡʵǵҲΪվǳէԡǴӽɡ֮ǰɱħһλԶְ񡣡
⡭Ҷ΢΢ü


749 ս
ǣܲոռ룬ұְ֮ɣЦšҲġʱӷ㸱ְ֮ҲȻ
ˡҶ΢΢ͷʾӡ
˵Ȼǽˣ˽ɣӺȻڲΩǴҲǱȻ
̩һۿҶ㣬ȴǼȻȻλ½вн٣мɵ
һУûӹҶĸӦ
ȻѾǽְ֮ˣȻӦӵԼľӡ˵ֲĵսѾ죬ǰ߼轫šǣҴɣһҪֲΪǵĿۣ
ҶĽ֮£ѻ˭˭˳ֶۡƽ֮ʱѽңһƽȴȽѡۣԷܾ޴ʧЩضʹǣս֮С
ʷǿĻ𣬶ΪֻսʱͿǷһֻҾ侲Ȼȷľˡ
һߣݹʷĳɹߣǶҾΪԼˡ
ȻҶʱݵһֽɫ
ԵΪЧҶһͷ
áοɱ̩һ£ȹ̩ЧɣҲҲҲԻ֮ìܡ̩츱죬ǵĲԱãĶҲŰɡ
ǡ̩칧صͷ
֮󣬲Ҫȥ̩ȴһС͵ƶҪǲĳԱ䡣
Ǿ޴Ҫƶٶȴ죬תѾСҪ˺̩Ҫƽ̨ϣ޾ǿգƵ˵ڴ㵽ܱߣؾѡǿΪ齨һ֧顣֧ϸǰߣܽѫȻĺôȻĲԱҲֻڲ֮г䵱۽ɫ𣿡
ڲܱߵؾѡˣҶһüѵڲֱɳ𣿡
Ȼǡ̩Цˡľֻи켶ܵԶ
̩죬ǹҪѹҰɣҶɫһ
ѹ㣿̩ߣûǸ飡Ҳˣ첢ûҪߣҵ뿪˵˼ˡ
ǻҵʵɣҶһ
Ҳɡ̩ЦЦû͡
ҵʵԵθְ֮Ҷ㶢̩죬˵гζ
Ҳɡ̩쿴һۣҲܲơ
ӦƽƽĴӦ֮µĽҶ˵һԼסʵȲңʵµ࣡
עݣ̩䡣
̩죬㲻ңҶЦļһ׾֮ܽɷһѣ㻹ҪͳңֱΣ
ˣ̩ںһվĿ͸¶׺ݵɱǣʱû㣬ֻΪ첻ɱ㣬ûɱڣʱһȫ֣ɱħ֮ǰͻȱһɱ
˭˵ҶЦš̩죬ͺҹƽһս˭֮ǿߣ
Լ̩Ŀ׺ϵ·лԽԽ졣Ȼ㹫սΪ죬ûηӦսĵڳ˶Ϊ֤ҪҹƽһսģԲԣ
ûΧĲʱ
ЩħۣͬȻҲɱħҶ㲻˳ۡʱлѵһǵȻǿ̩ǽڲĲǿߣĿСӣǾսʤ̩ġ
ҵҲ֤ҶĿɨ·
ǲ˵ȼȴ̨˶ڸ̨֮£﷢һ֪
̩󷽵һ֣ʱв·ɵ·ҪǲʵλʱǲУҲֻʣһλ߲㣬սսش˰ʵ˵ùȥĲԱһ˸̨
ǵҷƣҪҹƽս̩쿴Ǹ߲㣬˵Ϊʾƽ˫ĲҪֱΪ֤ñȶ֮ٹΪԸѹǡ
ǶˣҶʡ
ǣǲ߲㼱æͷͷ
ôǲǿԿʼˣҶ̩죬˵
Ȼ̩ţһ֣ҪֱͣҪǧԶĵط
ҶԶҪһƬǿ֮С˱˴˶ӣĿеĻҩζŨúܡ
ʲô̩쿴Ҷ㣬˵
ҲʲôҶһЦ㿴Ҳ˳ۣͬҿҲ˳ۡһݲǿߵģһƹһе졣
Ҫҵλӡ̩˵ܵõλӵˣħСɫǣ̫ˣ̫ˣһʲôǿ󣡡
˵֮䣬ϵĻѾøҫۣһĻ˿ϷԿٵر֯һֻ޴צצȼţӿţ֮ʱȴͻȻޱȣ·һֻķצһ㡣
ҵķΪ񷨡̩˵֮УԸǿҵ֮£յʬ޴档ˣҪСˣ
˵һֻ̧֣޴צʱҶ㵱ͷץȥ
ԸˣŶԡҶһЦ͵һȭצ˹ȥ˳Ϸ·ţȭϻ۳һž޴Ļȴ·һһ㣬âĿޱȣһӭצ˹ȥצײһ졣
צҲãҲãȴûл𣬶Ǹ˵ƣڿоҵزһʱ䣬Ǻ֮л䣬Ľצ鼤ҽ棬ȴ˭ҲѹƲҲ˭
Ҷȴʱʶһкΰѡ
Ϊڱд֮Ͼ¯ҪģԷҲѡֻҪʶַȫȫԼݻһ
ʱԼӵǿֿȥ̩һʧȥ̩죬Ҳÿϧ
̩ƺҲڹ۲Ҷʵצƴ˼ʮ֮һЦͻȻһ̧֣л˲צȴ֯ݻһֻĻ
ǻɣβ̩·̩һ̬ĸ첲Ƶġճһſڱһҧס飬͵һȻֱڿҧ÷飬ըĻ棬ȴֱ¶ȥ׳ʹøӴִ
һ֮䣬ֱҶ˹ſҧ
ɻתΪ֮ı£¯࣬Ҷ㲻һͷԼģһ㹻ˡ
һˣ̧֮䣬ӿ¯һ壬ȴҲʱһһĻҶϷԷĻһսɱȴҲƴ˸൱
ף̩Ŀһû뵽㾹ȻҲ
˵ȴ̫ԸˣҶ˵
һ֮ʲô̩Цţˣұʶһʲôɣ죡
ɲǼ䣬˿ϵ·ӿţٱ֯˰֮ǰһһȴǾ֮һʱ䣬·̩ϳξޱۡ
죿
Ҷ㲻Ŀһ
Ȼ¯һ޶ɺϣڤڤĳֹ
Ļԭռľ޴壬Ȼ뵽˽絮֮ԡ
Դʥ磬ڿֻҲԴʥ磡
ˣ飬ŻԵӹлعʥĳ嶯
¯ֻ䴫еȴνԶʱ磡
ڽԴ֮ǰ
˵¯Īϵ


750 
Ҷϸ룬ѾХһ֮Ѿ춯أһɢһС̫һ㣬ͨĽ˵˽ᱻֱӵȼջ
˾޴𲬼һСս硱ȻҲȫԳƵһ֮µǿˡ
ʹķɼ̩˱ɱ֮ġҪ֮һڲ£һϷʵǲԱǣƺǵڿǾı顣
Щߣȫˡǡ֮ŵԼ䣬ʧȥǵıôǾ㲻䣬ҲֻΪµȵۡ
ӣǱҡ
ǲҲʱԶеսһ鶼ŵ˼㣬һ̲סǡܵʤ
ž趯ĻҶ£һľ¯¯Ǿʱ趯ǸӦ֮һüΪȻһȼҲ˾޴ĻҶڷ
ɲ̩Сʮɳľһ֣ɢֲĹȣӦ̩Ҳɴʧɫ
̩죬ΪԼ˲𣿡ҶЦţȴ˽һŷɣ
ôܣ̩ţһľ֮ɫ
ɲǼ䣬޴Ļ͵̩˹֮У̩æԼĻӭȥֵСǾĶ֣̼㱻һֻֻҧס˺ѣȥ
Źɻ¯ڣٴǾȻҲҶԼоƺԼллԼǵõ˶Է
ɲǼ䣬̩סµĻ֮£̩췢ʹĺУȫֿȴ޷ԿƬ̼䣬ͱճɵþ⣡
Ҫ֮ϣһ̩ĲȫɵˣԶգ˼ά˴֮Сǲˣȴ͵رĻ
֮꣡˫䣡
һʾǲ˴ʱڵ飬ȴ̩ĲǾɥ˼㡣мǿҧ͵سҶȥһУǣΪ첿£Ȼҳֻɱϼ
ҶĿһһ£һڽǼһҧסڱһˮȥ
༸ʱŵõͣסٲǰ֡
Ƕ֪ǹƽ䡣Ҷ˵̩츱ȣȻǹƽ䣬ȻԸˣҵȴκ顣һ˵֤ʱͦʹ죬̩һôͱһ
ĿӦԭΪ̩챨ģȴɵòˡ
̩츱죬Ͼ˾һ˺ûе˵
ΣҶ㷴ʣѵǹƽ䣿ƽˣѵҪʤ߸𣿡
⡭˶˵ʲôˡ
ϹʲôģҶһȻô£ȴֲǰϴȥ
˴˸£ηַɻҪƽ̨ϡ
Ҷ໺˹ȥһƽ̨ϣǲĳԱʱΧһһ˵Ȼʲô죬ҲĶ֣
Ҫ֪Ѿǲ죬ǻһԱ졣Ҷ˵ٲֳƺˣ
ǡǣһ˼æͷе˷֮ȴȥ
෴̩첿һˣȴǿ־֮ɫˡ
̿ҪزȥҶ´һϡǸǰ˵ѺңһҲƽһսս
һȺ˶ʼ¡
Ҷ֮£СҪȫǰһ·׷Ҫǻص˻֮ССҪڱԵҶʱһ츮ȥ
ڴȴͻȻ±ǽڶ΢оȣҲ׼롣ֻǡŰǲԱа̩Ĳ´󲽶룬ǲԱһֺ̩Ĳȴһͷɥʱо˲
ô£һüҶ㡣㲻Ӧ̩츱ţΧҪѡսʿ齨𣿡
죬̩츱ѾˡҶ㵭һЦ
˵ʲôĿһһԱվ
س·ϣ̩츱ΪҵʵĴɻԲѷ޷ܣսҶ˵̩츱Ӧսˡ˽һƽı䣬̩츱չʵңˡҵ˺̩츱˶֤ǹƽһս˭ѹ˭⡣
˵ô£Ǽ
죬ô¡ǲλ߲˵
̩ˡһͷη壬ֱӲҲ׷׵ͷ
˵ŭ
죬ȷʵˡһλ̧ͷŻӦ
ˣ챻ˡҪ֪̩ʵ֣Զı˲ţ̫ˣȻɱˣԻ˵Ƕʧ
ŭ֮УȻֱɢҶ㡰ڡĽɣӷ賤
˲䣬ǽɣӵĸøΪִͬСݷѿһط賤ţµĸ˳ֱӴ֮УʹڲռøΪӵ
Ҷ㼱æװҲʹӣһ¹ڵأţɱ̩츱죬ʵ̫ǿ޷֣˲ɱ
˵ʲôһ֮ʱɣӵͣ
Ҷһװʹŷڵϡ
˵һ飿̲סʡղ˵ɱ
ǡҶװһǱŲҲαװ˿־度µӣȴѲƭˡ
㾹ȻҲһôɱ̩죿һţ̩ܰǽΨһ޳ɴĸ֣ʱգܴﵽƽĵز㾹Ȼɱ
ʵȴҡҶ㲻Ժ˵죬֮ǰȴйһ硣ǸʲôҲ֪֮УȴõǿȻ֮Ҿͱһɸǿ˽֮Уȴҵõ֮֮ʱȻ֮ںϣԲʹҵͻͽ
˼飡̾ţô˵һڻԵɺ½磡ǽ֮أ
ӦֻһֽͰɡҶվ̬ȼǹ˵
˼飡̾û뵽侹Ȼǿߣǿ߻ҵ£죬ҿһΰɣ
ҶЩΪѡ
ôĿռѵһ
ֻٻĹҶһЦǵ˵ɡ
áһͷ첽˸̨Ҷȥ
չʾҿ
ҶĿһΧ
һٶʥ壬⻹ǿֹԼɱ
ȴһѡǾҪҶչ
ˣҶĿ֮£Ȼֱӷһɱе׼κ˵ľ
ҲҪȻȥҶһҶѵĶʱ
Լ
Ҷа롣
ת۵棬ǰǿߣ಻Ҷϵظ˳ΧڲߡǣʱҲþһ̧ͦͷС
ҿɿҶ֣һָǰ㳡ʾҶ㵽Ǳȥչʾ
죬㿴ϸˡҶ㳡Ϸ֮ڴ˾¯һ֮£ʱȡ¯ڻ棬Ϊڶ


751 ս
ھշ֮ʱڲĿɿڴ֮ʱҶһյȻ֮ɱ֮ʱһϤȴͻȻ֣Ҷ˸ս
ԭȻԭ
һҶԺ֮𣬷·ʱӦǹǿޱȵ֮
˲䣬֮ٴҶԺ֮𣺡㲢ҵĺӣʥеǸʥߣҶ㣡
û뵽ټ㡣Ҷһо˾޴Σ
㾹Ȼαװӣң˭Ҳ޷ֱ棬
ΣҶʡ
ҪҪԭ֮еؽţҶ㣬ԸһסܽԭҿԴӦκ¡κ£
ҪأҶʡ
㽫еĽ˶Ҳԣ֮ںеĵزɼС
˵ġԭѵҶ̽ŷӳĻԭ֮ʱûǱγһенԴǵҵ
Ҷͷһ
Դʥ磬һҶѾ֪ڽ²⣬ȴȷĴ𰸡۽ԴĹԴͷȴ磡
˵Դʥ磡
ڲ֪ôԶĹȥ֮УʥһλԵĴз漣ħԤ֮£Ϊһ硣
ʥߵĲ壬۳ĻԭصʣⲿҲ˽Ľˣǽ֮
漣ֵʹӵǻ۲ת״̬֮˱仯ӵ˼ά˵ꡣ
漣ǱӦѾû˵࣬˿̣ȴһλʥ߶ٴδ£
Ҷе𺳣ֱԸӡ
ΪҪõҶ˼תüʡ
㲻ùô֮࣡ţֻҪӦҽңұԴӦһҪһҪΪףԣ뽫е𣬿ԣõһԣ
Խô˵ȴԽõҶ˵ôеҪΪʲô
ҽΨһͷؽţȻԼҶ㣬ʹԼȫϣգŬԼƽӶҶҾͿԽΪٲֻһ̬ҾͿԴﵽħĳ̶ȣֱƿƣħ磬Ϊ񣬳Ϊħ
̫˾ˣҶҲȻΡ
֮ûгͻġ֮ŬԼԵøΪϿһЩ̬º͵ضҶ˵Ϊ֮Ĳ̫ˣֻǿ׳ϻΪλɱһֻʥȴΪʲôλ϶һܳħȫԽκӴ˽ĴκιϸΪҲм
Ҷԥ
һõĻᣬһԳƽϢ֮Ļᡣ˭֪ǲһ壿֮õĻԭ֮ȴͻȻӵ˽Լȫǻ̬һأ
ʱ˭֮棿
ϸһ룬ǿ飬ô֮ȴݲˡ˵õھǱ仯˶ʥޣԼʥҲֻ൱һֻ϶ѡ
һֻʥޣϵ֮ãͳķһΰ
ֱЦʱֻ׷ߡҰ֮󣬾ͲɭҰΪ飬ֻ쳾֮У˵֮Уȴ˼䷱һ㡣
ôθʲô
ƺǿҶԥ̲֮סˣɲ֮䣬ҶͻȻΧϢһ䣬ȴǻصʵ֮С
һУȴ֮еһѣʵ֮УǾŸոճʱӣҶعʱǲż趯
ʱŸոշһ̾ľ̫
̫ʲôԶ֪ˣΪɲ֮䣬۾һ¾ʧȥ˹ʡ֮ϻһרеĻ⣬ȴѾȫ𣬱һص˻ȥӾվһɢž޴ȴѾûϢͬһǿޱȵĵ
ҶȻ΢΢һ£Ӱ죬ʱջ˾¯ڡ
Ҷ㡣֮Ҷֽ֮С
ɱҶȻʡ
֮˵ֲ޺ͽ꣬ѾջءǵȻţѾûꡣҶ㣬㲻һݴ֪ԿԭǵֻҪӦңұ԰Զסǣ˽䣬Ҳֱ磡ӴԺǽףһеĴڣ
Ҷǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҷ㻹ԥ֮ȴɷŭˣһȻǲͬ壬Ȼӵǻ۵㶼һ̰Ϊ̰ҿһУһлòҪĶһҶ㣬ҪΪûİұ޷õԭҵ֮УʹԴԶŴ֮ʱڵʱұѾõԭû㣬ϼǧʱ⣬Ȼƿõԭںһ壡ӦңڱԶڽ֮ڣ
ɲǼ䣬һ޴ͻȻҶǰĿģһֱ㽫Ҷץס
˲䣬ҶһҪҪģɢ̶ȵĸо
ֻһ˲ĸӦѡ
ܸܵ𣿡οţҲƭ㣡֮ǰʥ֮Уʹܵشʱͬҵĵ̣ȻԴˣԼ֮УȴȻԷӳǧ򱶵ûѡ񡪡ҪôӦңҪôͻ񲬼ޡһ𣡡
ֻһ˲ѹҶԼڽ֮ǰжС
˿̣ûбѡȴֻҧȫ͵ؽ֮Ļԭȫ
֮ǰʥ֮Уǽ֮Կ֮֮ش񣬲ǹʼݣټһĻԭ
Ȼ֮ҪõĻԭһ£ֱӽ֮¶ȡһ¡
ʱҶģȴǵԼΪֱ֮භ
ɲǼ䣬֮Ļԭ˲ͨҶ˽֮У֮ݻ˾һ޴壬һ˽֮ɵΣ
˲ң֮ţһɿҶ㣬Ӷȭͷžȥ
֮ʱ֮оҶȴֻܳ䵱һͣһԾعսٰﲻϰæ
һ֮Ժ뵽ģȴǽ֮ŵĻ
ԭ
ʲô˼
Ҷ̲סž壬˼
ԼڵõĻԭ󣬱˽֮Уʹ֮ʱȴûвԭĴڡ
ԼǰҲ֮ʱ֮ҲûвԭĴڡ
ΣԼ˾¯ʹ֮ʱ֮ͻȻԭĴڣȲس֡
ҶԼ²⵽ĳ΢ϵ˼ţͷȥ
֮У¯ȻڣҶ㻳֮УͬһֻСС¯
ѵһУԴ㣿
Ҷͷһ


752 ħ
Ҷ֮еľ¯Ŀгɻ벻⡣֪¯бž˵ܣܵʲô޷͸
ڿ֮ȷʵ¯йʲôĹأ
֮вţһʱֲߵ¡ӽ֮ս֮൱֮ռżƵġ
֮ҲȡʤʱҶ㽫ޱѡ
㵽صĹȥأҶ̲סţ¯߸߾һģͻȻ佫֮˻һ´˾¯֮ڡ
ڲɱĽ֮һҶ㣬֪Ҫʲô
ʱ֮ľ¯ȴͻȻһ˲ͻһСľ¯Ҷȴתۼͱ˵֧ŵϡ
һҶ̤ľ¯վֱӣ㵵Ž¡
ҲʱһͻȻһжҶ֮бӲһ硣
ǸҶ㲢İȴǵԭռ֮Ǹþ
Ǹʥ罫Ҫ֮ʣǿȴҲͬʱĻþ
һΣҶ㻹ϴûпһĻһЩʥޣҲӦЩʥһ㣬ű壬ȴĳ֮£ƿһռŻȺݶȥ
Ҷ۾ΪһؿǸɿµ
ǹǲһʥһ㡱һ㡱ȴһʵţһŻǵϢȴǿޱȵڲһʥ֮ȴڱдһͨʥٴνһ֮С
ȻǻþչҶؿڽʥһеͬʱȴٴƿռ䣬һͨǾ޴Ŀռȴسһ֮С
ĻԭдʥʥҲ֮С
֮ûκеֻޱ߹Ŀռ䣬ڰ档
ĻԭһԷɢһ޴Ϊڰ˹
ͬʱҶȴָӦһı仯һŻ֮ʥǽһ磬ȴȻըѿݻһֻֻʥޱ޴ţɢڲ֮ͬϣˣϢ
ģͨϵõ˸Ӱ֮£ȴõ˱仯εݻһµ塪壡
ǻϢ̾һס֮ϣʹ˲ﵽߵ㣬Ϊĺġ
Ӱ죬ҲΪϵĴڣӵоĿͳߡ
Դ
Ҷûü̾ٽһ֮СۼʥЩĻԭɵӰ֮£ط˱仯еıһ޴Ľɽеӵǣʼ仯Ρ
һ̼Ϊȴǧ֮á
ǽͽ˵Դˡ
ʱһŻԵ˵ǵϢٴδ֮ͨļ֮Ӱ֮£һѾ˽ɽʥȴػָԭ̬Ҷ㿴һʥ֮ʱȴɵɴ۾һ
¯
ֻ¯һ֣㽫ɽ岿ֱӱѷɢЩɳȥɽ壬ȴϵͬһɢ֮Уһ޴ޱȵĽɽ
ǻǵϢһ´˾¯֮ڡһɲǼ䣬֮ɢȴǿеĻԭͼںһ𣬴һΰġ鲼ꡣ
⣬ǽ֮
Ҷһ
Ȼۼһеķǲһеôһ¡
ǻǵʲôΪӵлʹ֮ĳ˿һУʶش磿
Ҷ벻ס
Ϊʲôѡ¯У
ˣһеԴ˰ɣʱһۻͻȻ쳹е֮ڡ
˭ҶȻĹˣͻȻԶһ⡣ǵУһȺΰޱȵӰҶ㻹ǵЩӰںʱֹǱʥ罫Ҫһ˲䣬ǳ֣Ȼ־ʥ硣
ħش
ʥ磿Ҷʡô˭ʥ磿
ǡش
ΪʲôҶɻʡ
Ϊֻءش𡣡һչգҪôһҪôΪħֻء
ΪʲôֹʥĻ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ϊδ֮ʱ˵һвԴȻΪ
Իһ磿ҶȻ
Ǿһ֮ǰˡشʥеһλʥߣΪõ֧֣֮Ƴһ˲õʥеľ¯¯ӾȻƿһСС϶ʹһ˿Ϣʥ֮УǱһʥ
ϢҶͻȻһ̲סѿڶϢ
ͻȻ뵽µԼ˵ĻǰʥսȴΪ⡰Ϣ
ֻһֻᵽһѣת̸ʥսϾǰ֮£Ҷ㵹Ǻܹģ֮ҲûϸսĺϢʲô
û뵽Ȼһ˿Ϣ
ֻһϢôҶ㾪ˡɰ룺ѹֽ֮һҪõԭħû뵽ħȻǿ˵ز
ȻǡȴĲ롣ͨϢȻǿޱȣҲӵһ˿ϢȴԴк֮Ϣά֮еһ֣вܡ
ôϢʵһֱھ¯ˣҶ̲סʡ
ǵġش𡣡ڽ֮У£ȴΪɺƿͨʥ硣ɴˣʥ֮жᱦ֮սգȴս֮Ӱ죬˰˻ʥʥ֮СҲӰ죬˻ʥ֮Żή˥㽫ʥ֮󣬰˻ʥſʼָ
ȻҶȫסˡ
ô˵֮ûʥ֮УӡʵڰңҶʡ
Сӣʹһħ֮ȴΪڰ㣿һɭֲħ硣
ħҶĿһ
ɲǣһЦ㵽Ǻĵشʹþʹ㲻Уڹؼʱ̰㣡Сӣж
лλħ񣡡Ҷ㼱æһ
ףԼϵġˡʲôˡ
⻹񻰡ħЦ
λΪ˹עңҶ̲סʡ
Ϊǰʥ֮еҴߡ֮𣬡һν֮УõϢеһ˿֮УһѪһֱÿһʱ䣬ͻѪ֮ѹĲһǴﵽ˸߷壬ڤڤпʼϢˡΪˣǲŻһֱĬĬعע㣬ħһֱػ㣬ܵϢٴӰ˻ʥĺ֮дԾ¯̬
һжΪʲôҶ㲻⡣˵ѣֱջغϢɱңǸ򵥣
СӣʲôҲħЦȷʵŻ𣬵ǻҲѭȻ˵˰ɣնȴޣħ񶼲ԸġˣǲҪά΢ƽ⣬ʹԶֻطչȥ
һǲҶ˵
ħԼ˵ܡ𣬡ħ֮⣬㽫Ψһ֪µˡ


753 ħ
һͣҶĿɿڴ
䲢ֻ磬ħ֮⣬ȴ磬ͨħһ塣֮ݻջӵǣõճħħԴ
磬޷ͨĸһ㡣ֻ緢仯֮ʱżɶγ֮ʵҲ磬ֻѣˡԣ硢磬ʵ磬ֻʥзѳĴ򡱶ѡ֮ϵǧ˿ƣԶϾ
յ֮УȴҲֻǵʥ磬Ϊõһ˿Ϣ˶ı仯֮򡣶ĳ֣ȴʹʥԭɢӶ޷۳޳ħ׳ǵĶ顣
֪ͬħ粢ֻһȴҲʤֱƹͬ硣ʥȴǼ磬ǱΪʱգԻΪħеһԱȴһηѣȴʹκϣ
ʧʱ漣ȴٴγ֡ǵʥȻûϣѳȥȴֱ̬֮ͬЩϳɳȴȻгħĿܡ
ΪĹߣȴΪǿ󣬶Թڵһ¡ǿֻܻϳȴ޷ϣԽϳ֮ͳȺһ㡣ֻܾȴű仯ȴ漣ֱ֣ǵȵ㡣
ҲãħҲãǴ֮Уʹֵ֧ķ֧֣ڵŻ᲻ϽҲٽ֮ĳɳչճΪµĳԱΪ취ʹʥָʱѡһһǿߣΪǵĴ¯ٴλ볾֮Уͼ˯еĺϢźȫʧˣϢֻ¶һ˿һУȻ´ž¯볤ߡʱħȸӦĴڣӦԴϢѪ
ԭҶ̲סһС
Լһ·һ˳һֻ޷ϰħԼȴһƣҲ̫˵ȥˡ
֮һССǷ񱻸ħ֮ħ˵ֵһС£ԼΪͻħֶ֧Ϊ
һУȴΪѪе
ħʱ˵ַѿλħô⽫һ׳٣ǲŻ᲻Ϸʹս֮ںһ壬γǰ֮ղֹľ
Ҳ˵Ծ¯϶Ϊһ֮ʱҶȻ
ϵʥ֮о¯ŵĽ絮֮ؽһγ֮ġԭ֮ħЦŽ͡
ˣһжˡ
Ҷ㲻ɿЦһڿǰһսҲΪ¯ġǵħԼ֮ǰһγԣϧʧˡ
ǳɹˣҲûнյԼˡҲԼԻᵮֻһ鷲ĬĬȹƽһ
Ҫʲôʡ
Ҫȫħ˵ϣһħģ֮Ȼ֮ǰ֮شȴ֮УһǣпܵõĴڡϵЩĹؼ
˵õΪеһԱɡǴ˷ܹɹǱϢٴ緢ѣˣǵ
ҶңŹеȺȴҡͷһ̾Цʣô˵ħ֮֮䣬Ҳоսˣ
ֻҪ飬սСϣǸ߹ħش
ҰݣҲΪɴصħЦȻıʣʵǻɣ
Ҷ
òϣ⻰Ȼп˾ȴʵڵķʽɱκĳɳҲ̤߶һɵģ
Ұ˵ɴصԼɳǱ壻ţ˵ҰԼɳǱ壻ʨ˵ţԼɳǱ壡
أ
һʬ壬ػԼĻȴǴص壡
һбǡħֻֻأֻѭӵʹϵ뾭Ĺ̡
Ұ֮󣬽ΣҶʡ
˥ħش𡣡ü˥ձһ֮ءģһҪϼ꣬Ӱ㡣
ȻھԨвµش𡣡ҲҪǧ꣬ҲҪ꣬µջٴγɳγµ֮
áҶ㻺ͷЦˡΪͨࡣ
ظ̾Ҳ꣬þң顣ΪеһԱΪתеһȴôԶС飬ʼС飬ֻҪԼһþʣֻҪԼһõֻҪԼ䰮һгߣǱˡ
ԣԼļ磬ػԼˣǱԼڵˡ
ܺáħһ΢Ц
Ȼǻþˡ
Ҫʲô֮ʱȴոտʳһ䡣
֣ȴ֮е磬ɲǹеɲǹ
Ҫ㡣Ҷ˵ħ
˵ģҶĴӦ֮ȴˡ
˵Ҹոռħ˽⵽һеܣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ħ֮ޱȣôţ
˵˵ңŲ㡣Ҷ˵
֮ԥţڻ˵ͷûбѡҲֻѡš
񷽲ңҶ㣡ݺݵ˵šʱƴŲٽֻԶ֮УҲҪ㳢ζ
ġҶһЦһдõҪҪӵһؼңҲԼЦġûκκô
ˡ֮ͷԸĴ
ȻĴҶ㵭ЦţͻȻһȫ뵽¯֮С
˲ľ¯г޴ޱȵĻ·Ҫһ㣬ն衣֮ɾֵ䵽¯ϣҶվһǰӽ
ҶĿ˸䣬ԼʥĻ֮֮ȫų֮£еԴԴϵس˾¯֮УҶԼӦңԶʥ֮УҲһɻӿ˳Լ˾¯
ͬʱ¯Ҳӿһ̲֮֮ס⣬ԭ
ĵһע˾ڣһ˲͵غ϶ΪһһԻɾ֮Σſһ±³һŻǵӡ
һϢ
ǺϢ
˲ҲܲסϢľ޴ѹһ±ˣ
ƬſռзɢȥһıըⱬըУҶԼߵĽ֮һɾѹţһ˴СΣȻһâҫ֮Уʹʧ
ջΪħ֣ҶȥҶ㣬лˣħ֮УԴ˶һλħǽʥħ
һЦҶԺ𣬵ҶعʱԼڻ㳡֮ϣվԼ棬˫ֻɢǿĻϵ
һлһΡǰʧȥ壬Ҷ㼸ҪΪԼһˣ
һ֤һλħΡ
Ӧ˵ǴһλħΣ


754 ƽ
ʵ֮УһУֻɲǼ¡
ûϢһ㣬Χȴû˷Ҷȴ׼ʱٴηӳ¯ɢˡǾ֮£Χľ󶼱Ť˸йһʱܵɱΣҵܲס̲סȥ
ҲʱҶųһĻֱ꣬ռ˲ɲǼ䣬۾ַų
ͬʱȴĻӿ˳һԶȥ
Ҷ㲻ȻΪһԼͷųĻ꣬ȴٲּ򵥵ġԼƵĻ꣬һǵĻ꣬˵һ꣡
ϣҶ㣬ȻҪƮȻ°ݣ
Ҷ㼱æһȥ¶֮Ĺϵ
ǡһվӡ
Χδһȴû˭һƺĻֻ˭ܸоԼ⡣
ʱҶ㣬ȴͻȻӦǿңԶĵطԼųȻĻһǷɵ˽ֲ֮Уֱռλ塣
ϣԽǺӣҶС
䣬λ죬ȻȫҶ֮ū
һеı仯̫ˣҶһʱ޷ܡܡ
ħĽǶһεЯǷ񻹻ֺ£Ͳö֪ˡħûгŵڽܷս֮жʩԮ֡
һжҪԼ
ǣ
յľ棬ʵħԮ룬Ĵ䣬ȫѾĿ֮Уô㼸Ĵ󷽣˽֮֮Уûκܾ֮ϣߵͳߣף
һټʥ֮Կ磬ȴҲˡ
ҶųâһЦ䣬ȴŲȥ֮£̹Ȼһݡ
죬һԣ˵֮սֻὫ˴޾Ԩȫ𣬶κܵõκκôӦֹͣսָƽ
⻰һڣΧ˶ˡ˿Ҷ㣬ȴ¶˸ӵĿ⡣ȷܶҲ⣬˭ָ˵أսľսչڣԼҲѾ޷ƣͣս仹ء
Ҳ֪սǷչ֮Ҷ֮£̾˿ҶһϷ˿սѾͣȴ˭ֹ˵ġ
Ը䣬˵ǵ죬ֹͣսҶ˵
ãһͷˣұΪĸ죬ҳʹ䡣ܳɹǻ䣬֡Ĵ󹦳λǿ飿
˵ţ̧ͷܡ
˭
̱ʹ䡣Ҷ㳤ֱӷڶȥ
һ̣ޱϲãΪ֮Ѿȫƽ
¼Ϊ򵥣Ⱥֲͽ䣬ƾŶĿƣ׵ؾһϷٳĺƽҳϵū֮£ǿʯ֮л档
ʯ̽ľȣ޷ôҲŷʽǡϴȻȥ죬취ʹЯϴľǴ˵ģλҲʾͬ⣬һĺƽͬͳν硣
˽֮λ챻ҶĴĳԱȥ
ݼϣʱһ֮ǰĿҶݵʩ
⡭ʯ̽ȫɵˡ
ѾշϵĻʱƽԱ˵
ʲôʯ̽ɴ۾
ͬһȼ˵
˶ţӨĿǲ˼顣
ʯ̽Ҷתˣ˵ʵһܣһֱûж˵Ҳԡʵǽˣʥ֮еʥߡ
˵ţָ˱Ŀ
ǿߵɴ۾סҶ㣬㵵ı̶Σʹǿȴ·ĵܡ
ôܣ˼ͬʱ֮
ǻݵı仯ϴ𣿡Ҷʡ
ġе£ʯȻκæǽ˻ʥˣǸ֮Ѫ֮ɶϴȵģһǱ䲻˵İ
̽Ҳ˵ͷûϴǿʯ仹ֻһССĲ䣬Ĺģ˭ǵϴ󡣡
ҶЦˡ
֮ԹݣһΪģȴǾѾûҪʯ̽ܽݶģͰţҲʲôˡ
ңҶԼ֪֮ġӣȷʵֵߡ
Ȼϴôʥ磬ʲô̬ȣҶʡ
ȻѰˡʯֵЦ˵ϴ˵ôǾô
û̽Ҳ̬
áҶһͷܿ죬ҾͻͨʱһٺǵĶ飬ʥ緢ս£һ¡
Ǿ̳ȥϴǴ˭ʹ˭ʯ
û̽ٴθŵͷ
֮༫õϡҶ˵Ҵ֮ͨͨϣܷ˰ǲɼЩϣ͵ʥ֮нҡʱǿսҪʥװʥǡ
ôʲô̽Цˣʵÿһ˶мҡֻǽԼϣͬѪ֮ߣƳ֮ˡϴЩʦһ֮ķٸǵҪǱԳΪϴĵ
ãҶϲص˵ͷôһоͿˣ
Ϸģʱʩ
ϣҿȥ𣿡ʱʵ
Ҫ㡣Ҷ㿴Żȣĳ˵
ˡһͷٲ˵һ䡣
һɣҶڿ԰ˡص˻丽ǿռŻԼǿþ¯ֱӽŻһͨľš
֮ǰǿ֮ȴͬˡѾ˵ϢķȻصϢΪãʹ¯Ӱ죬ٱһ֮ͨĿռŻ˵ȴ׾֮ˡ
ȻѾвȻҲͳ˲Ҫ¡Ҷ㽫Ż֮½˲󣬱ֱŻڴ򿪵״̬Լٵͨصʥ֮Уȴǳʥ֮С
ػصʥ֮УҶϤǺȴǲꡣ뿪ﲢûжã뿪֮ǰ뿪֮ķֱȴ֮
񣬽ѾԼУԿǿеİֶһЩǾ˵ܣҲѾԼƽ⣬ħ硢Ĵ֮ϵħԴɵ޾磬κһ˵ᾪ춯أ
һ˼Ҷھκ˷
ǿԹ֮ڣôħ罫һи֮ˡ
ڣδħϿɵ֮£ܽһйҪҲǹ£ʥİ
ĵԼ⻰˵ô˾ôҶ㲻ҡͷһ̾
ǰ綼ʥȥģ񷴹Ҫʥ磬ɲ͵ԼԼΪУ
ҡҡͷҶغߵŻʥȥ˵أȥݷһҲãһײڹԼǴǷʥ
ֱ֮Ӹȴ㲻ҶҲֱӵ
˵ΣʵҲĺôʥߣԼȻȵѡȨҲ⵱ʦģ͸Լӵһɡ
ɲãҶɫ΢΢仯ΪظӦǰһս


755 
ʱôĴսѵٴ֣
ҶԼоʱǴȥͬʱ˽֮еˣҪһ׼ʱ׼֧Ԯʥߡ
֮Ҷ㵽ǴսȴʥһҪʥΧһҪˣжʮرأνһ۹ء
ʱȴнʮ֮Χסؾ
ЩһϣҶֱӸӦӦĻ֮ϸ۲죬Ĵȴʧľʮһ޶
Ȼһ֧ʧĶһˡ
ǾȻ
Ҷһüʱ˹ȥ
Χ֮£ؾѾԳ˰ࡣԷľ࣬ʵ֪ôľȻ˲٣ؾǷս˿̿Ѿˡ
ʥսʿǲõģҶ֧ԮˣҶһʥ糱ˮһӿ˹ȥΧ
Ҷ㣿Ҷ̫Ҷ̫һʱ䣬֮ڶ嫵սʿһȫ¶˼ɫ
ѪսʿǸ۷ŹâǿܼеҶ̫һսһսƴҲֵˣ
Ҷ̫֧ԮˣЩˣɱĴѪ˫У͸ϣ֮⣬ʥǹš
ɱ
һ䣬糱
Ҷûκαһֱӷųʮħū޺ͬʱǱһֱûлʹõľҲһ˳ɲǼ䣬ʮɳľշ裬µɢʱӦȫ鲻Խط˵ֿ
ǰڶڤ𣬵ڣȻǴǰǴˣβ£
ȴԴڱܣκҲ޷ֿη塣
׹䣬ҶˡǼ޵еĶ飬һһ±ľ֮С˲䣬ٵ廹ûüǿеģѾһֱӺ÷顣
ǿ֮Уʥǿߣǿ˹ͼԼֵסҶ֧µľӣôһ׹˹ǿ˲ͷǵЦķ뻤ܣ׵ؽǻ˻ҽ
ЩʬĲмҽ֮УһĻӿǺ֮з֮ͬ
Ҷ㽫һһĻԭʱתȡ¯һ¯ʱɨķͬʱһĻԭʹбԽԽǿ󣬽еĻ궼Уɡ
ʱЩв͸˿־֮ɫ
Ҷ㵱ȻЩνʵȴһĻꡣǲռʵ廯ѣԶԼ屾ܿ־Ķ֮ȴûжη塣Ļԭͬη֮
ؾۼҶչɱʬǺһﶼһֿȵĹ⡣ǴţŽһɱŵɱȥ·ҪԼѪ̫֤Լ䣬֤Լų
ǰй֮£ŲɻָӵĽҲˡʶвǰĶʮ嫴ȴǺһ֧ҶСӡ֧ܽСôʮ嫴ơ
ɱУλԴŴתҶɱȥ
ЩһﶼĻ꣬ҵʥʱǳҶڤս֮ʱȻ֪ʮʬҶһɵģҲ֪ⱳһеȴĻԭǶҶı²˽⣬ֻһ˵رĻԭеʥ߶ѡ
ĳɱҶ΢΢ҡͷһָħūĵоһֱӽǵĻ˳ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ֱײһµУпתţȴûκʵԵɱǳУȴһëûб˵
ڵĻ꣬ȴ̲סһĲҽУеľ֮Ӳ˳һ֮УֱӱĻ֮һգ۾ͱɣ
Ҫ£ջḴǣǲ£һλš
ǿҲþʱʮѪսʿѪ⣬ѹҲһλС
ǵĻĻԼǱзˣǿˣǿԻ֮ǰ͸Լ֮һ㣬ٴ͸Լµ
ʹǸһһǰ
ʼûܳһС
к󷽣Ҷ㡣ϻӶ˫֣һһ׹㻯˳ȥһʥĴɱǱӡ
Ҷ㣬ȻʱȴͻȻһ֧ʮ֮ڵĴɱ˹Ϊһһֻӥϱ֮УĿ䣬ͶҶ㡣
裿Ҷ΢΢һ
âʵϳһΪһᱻĺʥɵȴû뵽һﾹȻʸĻ֧꣬Ļ쵼ߡ
û뵽ɣЦţʹƽҺʧȥһУڣȴƾԼµõһУҶ㣬ȻҲֻ·һĻ֮Ѿ磬Ҫִƣʥ֮Уʱǲףȴֻս
˵󻰰ɡҶ΢΢һЦȴӮһ˵
һʲô𣿡ЦӵвĻԭµУɶĻꣿҸʮĻ꣬ɣеʱֻΣ
˵һ֣ġ塱ʱҶɱһηسС
һʱ䣬ʮĻ걻У
ʮʧȥƵƮǺ֮УǾͷƤ顣
Ҳȷʵ˵Ļԭһ±·һԵ̫ʳĶѾŵҲ߲ˡ
ǿ˺ǰҲֻһ⡣ĵòʱҾͻ֣Ҷ㣬ȻҲ硢֮Ѿ㷭㻹ܳǿʱ
ǱǸҶһЦұȾȴȡ衣
ʱԶһźڵС˽ǰǧ䵱ȷʮ˴
Ҷ֪ԼҪʮǿмҲǾ޿ܵġһЩһٶ㵽ʥ֮Уǽһѡˣڶ֮ǰѾȽ˽֮УĴʮָϹæ
ȥ֮ǿķ֮޷ͨڲͬˡҶѾŻŷȴǺϢ֮Żڽһ𣬻һһ㣬֮ٲκֱӱɳͨ衣
ʮһƱʱתһʱơ
Щ壬ǿʥˣҲҪʱܵĿ½ɫʥеĶʥ޲֮ȵǿڣ
ʥȣǸŲʹľ޴ƣȫս
ϴˣʯ˷ܵشţȺ磬Һ̽ĴľӸϹ֧Ԯϴ󣡡
ãɱҶ΢΢ͷһָǰĻ
ʲôǽˣ迴֧µĴɾʧôܣôܣ
ϴҰȡʯţһӽ˴ɱ˹ȥ
ʥսʿǣһͬɱУܷһ嫽ڶݵľ֮ȴɸΪ˷ܣ۸ߺžӳɱǰ


756 ֮Σ
֧֮սѾûκε
Ҷ뵽ȴһ¡
嫵ҪĴΧôʥأ
Ѿʯ̽סλ˸ȫ֮£ǿʥ壬Ҳʱ·硣
ʯܴ̽ˣʳĻıҶ㽫˹ȥԼŽʮħūʥȥȥʥΣ
ãͬʱӦֱ̽ӽҶ˹ȥϴ󣬴ϰŰɣ߲Ҫǡ
ҲáҶһͷס壬ŰԼʥȥ
һʥ򣬿ȴһս󡪡ֻʮѾʥΧʥǿߴòɿԲμս£Ůһһı֮£һͬԷλǿߴذ
ײõı£Ҷ㵱Ȼ֪ģʱѾޣһѾƣ۵֮ɫȴѾ͸֧
ٿǵĶ֣ȴ߸Ŀ壬һ׳ޱȣϵĻͬʱţȴս״̬մȥöãʥĴǿߣ±Ҫսڴˡ
ؾţˣҶһֱӴŽʮħū޺ǧųɱ˹ȥ
һ֧飬ֱһһ˿ɵ˲ʹ˼սеĴһ˽һҶ㵽˶¶ϲɫǼؽҶ磬ôˣ
ȽЩǿͽ˵Ҷֱӳһλǵ壬۷ž⣬ҶʵȻη壬ӭһƴȴһ޽ƾɣֱҶȥ
ֻһȭҶ׹֮зǳǣٽȭͷӡǼһ֮ϡ˲䣬ǿгŵɫűȫ׹Ⱪһձը
Ҷ̫䣡̲ס߽ģֱսʶսʿСһ
趯һ±㽫ǿ߲ס˱ΪǿҲһ֮κνɢȴڤǿϢ˵屾ܷӦϢȴĻķӣһʱ䱻׷Ŵ򣬲ñȺ󱻽ɱ
ǳֱ䣬ˮڣҲɱһ塣
ʣµĻƲҪָӾڳɱԼа˹һ½ΧסЩÿжʥްʵֻǧȴȫֵʮ˵ľţһ֣ǾɱĹλĻܿҵرʬ
ͷߴһսʱŤתæָǿ˷𷴹һʱƾɨ
Ҷ磡ÿշɵҶߣеϲҲе㵣ǵʣǱߵսѾ𣿡
ʲôҶһ˵ǱҲս£
ôҶ粻Ǵضײһ
ǣҸյһˡҶæ˵
һΪǱս½ҶŵÿոϹǵأ˵Ҷ磬岻֪úֶΣͻȻ֪ͨжɱ˽嫣ħ˻ʥʥҲ⵽Ĺһʱȴ˭Ҳ˲˭ˡ
ôᷢչô죿ҶĽٹ˲࣬Զ˵սѶʣµľһЩСѡδʮ˾Ϊ߽пʯ̽ǰҪ˽֣ǸϹ鷳ǵȥһˣ
˵ţҲȶ˺𣬱ռŴɶȥ
û˽Ҷ顣
򶨵ָӾӹĻ壡ﻹʱ䣡
磬ޱеˡѣǿɲҪ°
һ߽ж磬سռţһޱ硣ͨ·ʲôεס
޷ֱ⾿ʲôס˵ޱѾˡ
磬ҶҾһ߲㾫Ӣһ
𣬽һ
ĳɳ£Ȼһ
˵һʹļ尾һеؼţʥӵ˼ޣһһǿзһռ֮䴩ţٵطļ԰ء
һһ
ΪȻ죬ޱȡȻսڼǾ˵ûˣҲûκʧ
صĻ壬Ȼ֮࣬ռؼڵǿաȥǷɱĻ壬һˡ
Ҷ㼱æˣ޹һüֱȥ
صĴ󷽣δﵽʥѣޱʹһѡƱġ
Ȼոսӽ磬ӦһǿҵĿһ˹ȥֻһȺʥޣֵסʮĻĻ壬ȫɢµδԳΣʵȴ죬ΧڵУ
ʱȫԡѪȴѾɱۡ
ˣҶһ䣬ּ䣬ʮħū޺Ͱ㳲
˵ʮħūޱѾһ֧Ŀôǧ壬;κξŵجΣЩ޴ޱֲ֪־ǿһ֣ĻһֻţǽԼչս֮ʱǹΧ֮ڵĻ壬Ϊȿ־ʧȥǣ
Ҷ㣿𿴵Ҷ˹һ󼤶Ļ壬ȴڶݵľȹ͵˸Ľ
Ҷǰɱ𣡡һͷĻţȻһ֣ѶԸ
ǸңҶδȷһɲǼ䣬¯ȡշ˲͵ս룬Ļ幥ȥ
ʲôһĻ岻ɷֵĴ
ǷǿߣҲǸͷĻ˼飬ϾȻԻΪ飿
סһӴĻ巢ֵĴУ˲ͱһײ֣׵ͻߣӳ֮ǻѾһҧϣǼʵ֮ʱȼڲҽУƬ̼ͻһŽڡ
һǿޱȵĻ֮з˳˲仯һΣߣҶѾִһĻУĻʱ˽ȥڲҽб顢ɡ
ɳһЦʹ죬ʹ죡
Χ֮£ʣµĸĻҲûͦãʱȫճ˻ҽ֮Ļ꣬ȴݶİΧȦͶɢΧĻ֮Уµ
ҶȴûκλᣬĻת֮䣬ĸĻһɡ
ʲôҶ㼲ɵߣʡ
ڲǰ¡Ĩ˰ϵѪˮɷʱ㣬ʱ֮ǰɡҲ֪ôţĴͻȻͬʱڸչ˷ĹҷЩܹ죬ȴǱĻһ
ҵôˣҶʡ
Ӧû¡˵սһޱ̼Ʊ硣ΪǵĸûʥѡҲǵ£Բųɱġ
лҶ֣صһ֡
ȥɣȴ˼ϻ֮ˣһָķ򡣡֪ϵǿһ߾ûʲôɵĵˡµľŹȥԮޱǰɣ
ԼأҶһͷʱȥ


757 ˫
Ҷ㣬ĳ׵طˡ
ȻΧĻʮ֮ڣҶҾ֮ȴҲСһڡڡڲţоҲҵطſµʸʹĻһһֵĽ֮á
ǿȻȫԱĻȴǼѡЩһȻҲ򶾵ΪЩһʵʲ壬ǱĻƵ塰ʬ塱ԶǵЧȴԣֻǵж
ڶǵҲֻ̫ʱĻըɳ壬ò˶ãЩһػЩ֮ڣֻͬǵжɱǡ
ڡоɱ
ʱҶҾǺ޹˼ɵʹһˣеľȫȡ˳ҪǮƵزŵоȥʥֵǮҩһɺеذһǿߣǽУάǲϷǿɱС
ʮ˸Ļ壬ɱĻǰŵ⽣еĽɫ緢Ĺǵȫǿޱ֮ɣһ϶۹ɢҶҾһڸ߲㾫Ӣȫʥάֲϻʹ޷ӽ
ȥȴǳ֮ơ
Ҷ㲻üͷ塣
ôˣ
Ļ긽£ֲǲ֪ҶҾеŭڸ֮󣬾ͬȫܷ룬ͬѪһ㣬ǹĹϵȻҲܶ
ЩĻȴȻǼֱǰ嵱һսͽͳȫƣ롰ɱǣҲֱѵ˼㡣
ҶܷųĻУ֮ɣǻǻʬ֮ڣٶȡ
ڣΪֹҶ㻹û˭ʹĻطǿµġսꡱ֪ΪսֵƴΪԶͨͨ޷ʹؼ
룬Ҷֱӳ˹ȥ⿪ʮħū޺ǧӵ֮£Ҷһɱսģֱؾһ
磡ָʥǿɱޱһҶ㣬ʱϲҶԶԶһУ£ȫԵУ
˵ţѾײʮλĻΧһǼһһת־һĺ磬뽫Ҷ㶳ɱڿУȴҶһȭĺֱӰΧҽб˻ҽ
ռĻʱӦҶһĻйȥ㽫ɱɡ
Ҷ㣡һĻ巢һУҶˣ
ҵþˣУĻеĴͷ۷ž⣬͵ӭҶ˹Ҷַųʮʥٲȥʥһȴʱþ޴ޱȵֱ顣
֮ǿɼһߡ
СģһߴţռľҴ磬ĻĻУ
֪ˣҶһͷҲôֱ࣬г˹ȥһ̧֣һ׹ƿնһǹֱС
֮Цһһ߻ʾĻ磬ͬʱΧľӲԼҶ֮սһһֻһƣƳһŻ
һصŻ֮Żٴ򿪣ֱӽҶǹڡ
漴Żٵعϡ
ΰ֮ǰǿʥҲһĺͯɤ˵ģһһЩʹࡣҪ֪ʵҪл㣬ĺʥǱߵͨҵĻĺʥ˱ʡ
ô֪ΪҶʡ
ΰ֪֮йЦ
ЦδϾǰһϣʱƱ鲼һƲӣ˲ͱ鼰ŻŻںȻһ֮з׷ɣȻǱеһǹ֮ˡ
еɫʱһ䡣
֪֮ôûҵı¸߸㣿ҶһЦ
ûκģߣһ̧֣ʱһۣϵƬƬɢһںϣʱһµγޡЦţٲ˵һ䣬ֻǽǱһӣһԵ˲鵽Ҷǰ
ҶĿ磬¯͵ر֮ץ˳ʱһ²ϣȴһ֮סǰһץֱӽǵԵץȻͻȻԱһ
һʱһλǿĻϣĻ廹ֱӱм
Ļ궼һˣ
ĻʡҶ㻺ͷȻֱӿɱĻ꣬
ʱ磡дһеĳһӣһȴɢ˱·һͷͻȻſϢһ㣬һֱӾҶ㡣
ҶٴһץһԶĻ壬ͬʱһ綳޴ıӡһб𷽲һɱ󣬵ĻɱȴǿĻֱԱ˳Ҷŭصۡ
Ҷû˵ĻᣬֱһĻдȥһҽűɽɱˡ
һ޳˹һοʱ㣬ҶûͷûԵ˹ȥÿһζ·һ֧µ޿ɱܣؿɵ
ҶĿ͵һУ˫ȭ֮ڶӭǱȥһʱˮȴǿĻⱩֱջ
ҶһȴԶֱַ̧ų棬ʹĻڻ֮УҺ֮бճ˻ҽ
ڵĻȻ˳ǻȴӵĻûӳһƬ𺣣Ѿյþ⡣
ĻǷŭˣΧλĻ壬ΪԼ㹻ǿ󣬶˺ܸʥһѵһҶ˹Ŀһʱ𣺡Ǹʹһȥ
ںǵֻ˴ԼҶսЩһô֪Ȥسδ棿
ֽѵЩĳˡ
Ҷ̧˫ڿһٵشһС˲תλĻ嵱ͷȥһھ֮лæзų˲ͬķȴֹǻУƬ֮䣬˾ͱ˽ȥתۼͱջ̣
ɱúãѪ͸һ˿⣬ҶͬʱȴҲΪٴ
̧֣һıӱ仯̬һڵŻһɿµʱţһ޴ĺ͵سǵŻҶǰʮɣſµϢɢʥǿȴǰ̱ڵأж
ΰ֮ѾЯͬģںΪһл˵ھ㿴һǿĻ֮һ֮ʱжôǿɣ
ʥߣԿǡǺԶĽ¶һ˿ŭ뱯ˡǿУȻΪɱֳ޾Ҳ޷
ʣҶһϸӦԶڤ
ǿߣһף
ǻˣµʱͱߵĿסˣҶ˵ȻݣҲûʲôµġ
ֱĻԭԿ֮
֮֮νס֮ȵģǰҶ㶼£ССʣŵõ


758 ս
£ֻ֧ԮܱáʿҲһֻۣǳ
вû̬ȶ죬ʵȥȻȻҲһףȴ֪޷ǰͷȡ
˵ˣһ֮ߡֻһֵλͳεҲ籾еĻꡣ
ʲͬǴӵλʵȫԳΪ֮Ϊ֮ԭʹߣƾԼ֮
֮ǿ
Ҷ㣬һ£ұ̡֮Ҷ㣬˵
ֻû뵽ô졣Ҷ̾һĻԭͼʲôôԸ壬ͬΪṩ֮
ôЦˡûи㣿
𣿡Ҷʡ
֮Уʵͨʥͨ˵
󡣡Ҷ˵ͷҲܼͬʱϮôʥ򡣡
¥ĺڤսӦҲף̫ͨСԽǿԽͨ˵Щ䣬ʵ˴͵ͨΪıǲЩССʥ磬õ֮ȴòĺô
˵ˣǡҵòҵҲõҶһЦЦдų֮⡣
ɡ̵˵ͷ˿Ϊ⡣֮ĺôҿԽʥ֮УһӦҰҵõԴͨͨħ֮·һħҶ㣬ʥвĳǿֺαִ˵ĵʧЯҡ֮С֮㣬ʥ֮һͬͨͨħ·ħǿĴ£
ҶҡͷһЦΪؼֶڣ
ħ˵
ʲôֻ𣿡ҶЦʡ
ʲô˵£ʱһ
ȷظ㣬ʹħҲ𡣡Ҷ㻺˵飬ֻ̫̫࣬ݣ࣬ǧѹҵȰһСսɣѾӵһĴȨõǧ֪㣿
֮ûʲô̸ˡҡͷһ
ʣԭͲغ¡һϵԴԴϵӿ̵ϡ̵ֻ۾ԽԽĻԭһĹâǹâܴ͸ģֱԭҰʹ˳ӡ
ûǾ޴ɱ෴֮ȴͻȻСһɸҵĺɫˡĳһɫۼʹһսķһѪ󽫣˻һִսĻ
һ̧֣һɫĹâ㻮գֱӽҶϡһ˲Ҷֻо޴ΣգʱȥһһѺ˲ԻɣֱС
ǻʵһ¿϶Ҷ㿪ƶǣ
һ֣𣡡Ҷ㻺ͷ
ƨѾˣѾ¶ɱ֮ģɫٴ̧֡ΣҶע⵽ֽһܴ塣
ǺڹһȻȴֻһ˵ںĻԭĺ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ͵һ̷֮ǰѾͬһƶӰ֮䣬̸޷׽ľ嶯̬΢΢üһǷ׷Ҷƶ켣ˣȴĽࡣ
˴ͬһٶ֮£˴֮ԵľֹԵľֹȴ˶֮еľֹȫȻֻھԾֹ֮²ܷõģȴ
ʹҲռżƣΪ޾ңԶ֮Уȡǿ֮ķģȡٶȱȲͷŵٶȣҶһ꣡
ǱˣȻͱһֲֿķˣźǣԵҶ㡣
Ǽ̳˺ϢѪõ˺ϢʵҶ㣬ʷҶ㣡
ת֮䣬Ҷ͸һ
ϵĻ͵һȴ仯˾ϵĻ͵ǼʮĻɱ˹ȥֲֿռٶ֮£ĻǸӦ㱻˹֮У
һʱ䣬ҽ֮ڶҶķ֮УʮλǿĻȼճ˻ҽ
ס̷֣ŭˣҶӳһĺɫУһȥһΪ壬һصľһ»ӳצһ㡣
Ҷһ٣֮͵һеķ϶˳ȥͬʱ裬ֽĻ֮УյͷҲʣ
Ҷ㣬ҹƽһսܻУڿһתۣҶ˹
ЦУҶһͻȻϾȫȥÿһĻȴһ½ʮһĻ˹ҶߣҶ㲻ܣֱӽʮһĻ嶪˹ȥֱײ춯صС
̷ŭĺ֮Уʮһֱͬӱи顣
αôŭҶҡҡͷѽǵĻ꣬ΪԼǣʱֳַŭΪеĲǽΪԼԸң
ɱҸ㣡ŭ侲üǵͳһңԶռӳϣһضסҶ㣬̧֮һˮƼ˲仯һ˳ˮǹ͵Ҷȥ
һˮ֮ǹʱΧʱռ伸˶ݵͣ٣һִǰһ̵Уһ̣ȴѾǰ·˲ƶһٿ¡
̵Ĳ֮ˣˣҲնϵϵҶ΢΢һЦҲ̧֣һˮȻݻһģһһ˳ǹ͵شС
ͬʱǰһ̣·𻹾ͣҶУһȴѾ˲ư̵ĳǹײһ˲ǧˮ㣬ǿ֮зɢ
ѧ࣬ѧãЦѶգȻȡܲ˵һţµĴڡڲͬˣ֮Ѿվһߣ֮ںϣڵ㣬ȻȻԵ֮Ѿһ־˷֣
Цţ֮䣬һսСͷҶնȥ
һ־һ𣿡ҶЦˡ
ţоԵţ
ڷˮǹʱѾӦ˾¯ڣǺϢϢ仯оԼѪĳʼѣϢʼںϡɾڣ׿ԽĴ磬һ
Ǳһʥ֮ǰܵ谭ʹȫȡȴȫƿһеϰֱӽ֮
ˣŻųһģһķΪľǳ״λߵš
ʱһ֣һͬ޴ս㵱ɣ¶ӭ̵Ǳսսײһα档ЩȥմһĻϣʱյǲҽвֹƬ̼ͱɣճɻҽ
ޱ飬ٴβٻ֮֮ɳ֮צС
һÿһֱӻһ򣬴ʱȴ·ҪǮֽƬһͷҶҹ
Ҷûаηı飬Ҳ㣬ԷʲôֱհʹʲôÿһζýԷķ
Ľֳϰк̵ɫˣ
ʱɵҲܿҶһϵص֮ûܵƣ


759 ֮
ּԹ˰̲֮òҶǵûܵκԼʼԼسȡ֮
һ㣬Ҷոշųһ֮Ͼܿһͬĺеһ˻ɱУлǿ֮ʱɢˮȴѾһ
ľսغˣһ
ô£͵һ˵еߣҶ׷սĻԭѾҶΪȡ֮ҵĻ࣡
ţһܻ
⡭ô֪һľΡ
ʱҶȴǿٵƶһŶֱ
Ķкһʱһ̵ܴϣҲǺֱӽ֮ϻһڹ⣬˲Ҷ㡣
̾ͼʶԼһĻֻҶһԵܣֱ̧־ôһץ
һץֻһץ
ĻҶ֮ţɢµϢֻԵԶԶ˺ڹ⣬ǰǿµĺڹֱһС׾һ㣬׵ץУȻջǱĺɫǵ㡣
̺һɴ۾˼άڶݵһɲǼ˽͡ǱϾһͳߣľȴԶһ㶥ǿߣ˲֮ͬʱҧݣٴνΪһ壬һڹ⡣
ҶֱһųӳһֱӽǵڹշڿзתƬ̺󻯳ڵɢ
ûܰвɿ
ԶؾǼһĻͬʱ˺Ȳ֮ͷУش䰡һ֮սףε磡
䣡һʱ䣬˷ҶҾһʱ磡
˼ѾһƬңǻеظŷ䶯Ǳ׻ɱκǿߵĺڹһųۼһҶմɢǵ޷һʵֲòǰһжġ
Ҷ㣬ô£
λ߻߶﷢˷Ĵ󺰡
ûǲǣҶȴȲͷˣ΢΢üָŶ˻˵սûκ壬ҿһȽϺá
˵ţһ̧֣ϵĻʱڶ𣬵ջһ޴ĻǻĿ⣬мؿ̺һۣһߺһſڣһֱˣ˲佫˰Χ
ãеһǿĻ𣡡
ֻһ˲ȼҵʹһҽУȻҲ룬Ļ걾ֱǣӵԶǿ֮С
ǿǣ֮оȻƬ̹Ҳûֱͦӱճ˻ҽ
õö֮࣬ػٵ˺һ棬һɵԶаȫ֮Ǻɫۼ֮ȴѾǽ۱鲼һ࣬û˷Ǿơ
ʲô̾ţϲܴܣѾҪԽ֮ˣôܣ
㲻ΪǿߡҶ㿴˵ͷһܣֻҵУеһС֣ȴ΢͸¶ǰʥһսΪһرϢǴս֮ûӮңϢ䲻˵õ³ϣֻԶ֮ʱʥ֮һմȾϢѪѪļ̳߳ϣӵ㹻ǿͻᱻ
ߵˣʥеʥߣĪܣ纮ͭʱЩһϢ֮£ɶɴ۾ؿҶ㡣ҶĻУѾԼµЩʲôȴġ
ѵѪļ̳ߣ̵۾ɵԽԽˡ
ҶȻͷϢھҵϣӦ֮
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ㽫һ̧Ǿ޴ĻʱſڣһŻ֮ԼиţͻȻֱ߳ȥ
к̾һȴһϢ˸š
˵һϢ˾ǿҲһᱻֱӻҲʣһ㣬һϢȴǰȻȻһŵòᣬе㽩ӲˣȴǺ
Ϊǵ⣬Գһɿֲ
һΧнսе鶼Լͬͣһž֮飬鲻Խߡ
ߵǵԼԻһ޴ġѪ֮ɵӰϵŹȴԻһɵľ֮Ρɢֲ֮Ҷ㡣
Ļԭ֮û뵽ǾȻʵ硣Ҷ㿴ɾݲȣһЦ
ӦǾ޴ѹѹ֮ǿԶ֮е鶼ɲǼ˹ȥһ⣡
˻ʥ򣬴ʱȫĳ˯֮Уûκ⣡
һͳߣǿҲ⣡
Ҷ㡣
ʱڻػ֮¾ڿСΧԶǺ֮У˯߾ţһľֹͼ·綼ֹͣתĳ˯
ȻκӰ졣ʱĻԭͻȻֱӳҶС
ĻԭѪ飬Ҳһֵһݻ˼άûκηֻ˼ά˽
֮ȻҲˣͬһ㣬ҶУԭҲеĺϢǿΪʥΩһףǳΪף
ȻأҶЦʡ
ȻĻԭ˵ҪΪԭԭ֮ӣԺ¡ǿҲһѪ֮飬Ǹһȼ
˵ˣӵֵ̫֧һֻϡ֮˵̫֮԰κǿ׳ϣǶ˵ڵľޡʥޣһһͬȵĺʱ̫֮塣
Ҫɱ㣬ֱ練ơĻԭ˵
һϣǲ֮Ҷҡҡͷһ֮̾ö࣬ǲϵؿҡ
ʲô֮һ˼άĲǾңΧĿռҲŶ
ǲţҶЦʡ
ֻǾ̫ˡĻԭһ
Ƿ֪ԼԴҶͻȻʡ
ǲҪĻԭ˵Ҫǣҵõ˼ά֮󣬱ӦԭΰͬʱҲ֪ħĴڡҪ񣬽ħͱõԭԭֻʥ֮С
˼άҶһʱʼӵ˼ά
ԭռʱǾ޴֮ʣûκĻԭֱĽ˵ĻԭʱӦûû˼άпԼĳ֣Ļԭ仯
ȻûбҪ˵ڶԭ𾴣ҿԸ㡣Ļԭ˵ǾΪ㣡ĳ֣֮ĳ֣ʹҸӦΰԭǴ̼֮¾ѡֻϧʱԭ㣬ҵ磬罫ȫסõԭˣ
ԭ㽫𣬶ǺϢҡҶ㲻ҡͷЦ
һʱпǧ
û뵽û뵽û뵽ĻԭľѣȻΪԼû뵽ϢʱѾʼת
һУֱ·ڤڤ֮Ѿע˵һ㡣


760 ¡СĿ
ԭɡ֮ȻûĻԭôġǷȥ֮֮㽫ǿİʱûκĶ֡Եʧȥԭʧˡ
ǲܳħġĻԭ˵ȻҲеĵҿԸӦõķ򡣻ߣһܱӣΪһľôпܡԭû̫ô
ʵһԭҪӡҶ㻷ΧһеǲҪġ˵ǻţʵҸոڽ֮ħ磬Ϊˡʥħ
ʲô˸ǿҵ˼ά
ôܣͬʱ
ô˵ħǵĽ̻壬֪絮ܣǿ¾͸˰ɣҶһЦ
Ȼ֮һڣĻԭʹ
ҿǻۣΪ飬ҲľһĻԭ˵˵ɣʲôɱнʥĻˡ԰쵽ֻܾǶƻ硣
ܰ쵽֮Ҳԥˡ˵ʲôӦ㣡ҿֱΪͨе㳼֮͸㵱ǣ
˵ţӰһ͵һ𣬱е̱Ϣطɳ
һǿߣɲǼôҷ
ҶףʾԼľģͬʱҲһ־桪ҵԽҲһ˲
ֹսҶֻ˵ĸ֡
⵱Ȼ԰쵽Ļԭ˵ҪʱңҪ֪Ƿӵ
ô֮һܽ𣿡Ҷʡ
ԭ˼άٴǿ
ܣĻԭͬˡ
áҶ˵ͷͻȻɢһǵ֮£ߵһһſ죬³һŻ֮顣
Ϣ
˲䣬һ޴ġεѹǰΧϵľӰͻȻȻʹĺ֮£ѹһΡ
ĻԭĻӰţƺΪ֮ı仯𾪣Ҳƺڲ²Ҷ㵽ħƭǣҪֶΣúϢǻɱ
ܿˡ
ɲǼ䣬һâ֮ĻӰȫʧһصܣҶ㣬û뵽һеһԭô򵥣˵ò֮ǰ֣̫ЦΪһ֮ȴЦ֮£ԭ򣬲ɱǣЦЦһֶѾû壬Դʱ뷲ຣһħңǺԨħҶ㣬ѽ֮ȫԴ֮֮֮
һʥ磬Ȼʧˡ֮ڡ
ѻΪħȥ֮ĻԭҶ㷢ʡ
Ҷ㻺ͷϢдһϢͬСɣǰһʥ磬ͬʱҲ硢Դ磬ȻҲеħ
Ҳʹüı߻֮Ĵսֻǵ㣬ңĻԭʡ
֮ǰȻᡣҶ˵ΪҲǸոԽ֮Уħе֪һУŸո֮ħ
ô˵һнĻԭͻȻЦˡҪǵͳȨаҶ㣬಻ţͻȻһԤУҲħĵ򣬻Ϊĳֶı䡣ҲڲõĽѪ֮Ҳһħ
ǸҶǲûȤҶ㻺ҡͷΪ֮ʱޱȿʥʱ˶˵ʥһҲᣬʱȻ뵽ЩԺʤȴ׷Բ֮һ£һ׷ѡʥ֮Σ
Ҳǳħ֮ҲһĸпɡĻԭԥšδ֪ĿȴʹһҪܵõǵȫû塣
ԣұħ־ҪǸʲôҲһǽҶ˵ڣȴҪˡΪҲˣʥѾΪǵԭҳһţǧĵˣҪ˺Ҵ
㾡ɱǣΪβĻԭͻȻʡ
㾡Ϊһ֮ǵΪηȴ˵һҪȽͻؼ磿Ҷ㷴ʡ
ǸȤˡĻԭκ󻺻ڣͬʱһǿܣʼʥ֮ӡ
ҰɡĻԭ˵һΪÿһĻ˵ţǰȻصԼļ磬ٲ𹥴ʥͷңΪǵףȫܰ쵽
Ը㡣Ҷ˵ΪҲѡ񡣡
̧ϢʼɢԶʥӡ֮Ļԭܵʥ֮ݺ۳ңÿһĻǰݻһڵŻ
ţһŻдһĻڳ˯״̬֮УŻ֮ڡȻŻرգʧǺ֮С
һ֮УҶȴȵظӦʥÿһ֮Уһַɢġȴַ˴ܲɷֵϵϤ·ԼһԼһ㡣
ĬĬţӦȴԼ˻ʥ֮ʱӦʥ֮һȴȰ˻ʥĺ֮ǿǿʥı仯
ѵʥ֮
ȻĶ
ϢţڽеĻߣʹһǿĻ˵֮Ȼǿãͬһ㣬ɢʥ֮һ
ӵԴͷȴҶ㣡
ɲǼӦһεĵӱԼļϣԼʱԽʥ֮ӵʥ֮κһطһݻ
ָоܿʧˣһе˺Ϣ֮СظӦʥ֮ĴڣӦԼͬˣȻһ塣
ϲ㣡Ļԭѵõط֮̾дϲáû뵽ҵĻӦô죡ʥ֮һ壬㹲档ûĻڽһҲԳΪΰ񣬻ǿħ
ǲҵĿҲִҪõġҶЦЦֻһС飬ܵõСҸҶԱõˡ
˵ţӿϢٴɢĻԭʱɾ޴ѹţһΡ
Ҷ㣬лҲѾԭռΪһ壬ǲĻԭһԿ֮Ļ꣬Ϊ
һ仰˵֮һâĻԭ˲ʧһ𣺡ͨԶסڷеһλѣҶ㣬ԵĻԻħ֮꣡
нԶš
һйƽ֮Ҷ۾ĬĬظһУշһ̾
׷֮·֮·ʬǶѳԼֵø𣿡
һ֡
ʥг˯߶ʱսϵսʿãۣԼǰпµǿУʱѡ
ǰĵˣȴѾԶٶˡ
ջһŻӣչ˾¯СССƴһ䵽ҶСϢҶʥһһеҲһͬʧ
ֻǵһЦ¯ջ֮УȻ硣
磡ޱΧһб仯ֱҶ˹ҶǺ֮нӵһ
û°ɣеʡ
û¡ҶЦ
ʲôʱתͷܣһľ֮ɫ
ϢսˡҶЦЦϢսܻңǿϸɨһˡ
˵ţޱߵǺ
ûо춯صĴսûпǧ֮Ŀֲսۣһоôˡ
ޱƺҲţţÿһ壬ֻʣǣûǵĻꡣ˵Ƕʬ壬Ѿٲ񷽲׺سɱΪʥˡ
һǲ֪ʲôޱҡҡͷ漴ЦˡһжҪˡ磬м˵
ʲô£Ҷ㿴
ҡޱ΢΢һ졣ϲˡ
ģҶһľϲ
šޱͷСһڻֻһ΢СĵأǷ˵Ļʱ֪أõҽҲġʥѽı仯Ȼ֪һ֣㿪ʼԡ˼ҵʥأǲֵĺӣ֪󣬻᲻һĴæҲܳڼҡ
һ˵һߵͷ
˵ٲˡҶЦŽޱøˡ֮Ȼδƽʧȥ֮ҲʲôˡӣЩСۣȴдսҲٶȱˡҪúƽСƽСĿ֣
֮ңȻǳƽϢҪѾΪһ壬˭ꣿ
ʱĵȴֻһ¡ʥޱ壬﷢һССġ㡱ǡ㡱дϢһ˿΢ɲϢ
ǣǺϢѪ
΢Цţţ˷ţϲš
ڴճճͶĻнһޱ֣һƬǺ֮лЦŷɳۡ
ǾСĿ֣ǲ֮һ̡
ννһȣȴ΢ƣֵһᣡ
ȫա
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================