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ߣ

ݼ飺
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Ĺж޸壬аԹл꣬תޣ׹ƽͷȷѪɱķ


1 ͷ
ҽǸʬһ̳ˡ
Ȼ飬һ˽ʮ֪֮飬ҪΪǳʣԶ֪һ壬ҲҵļӴ˾ͽû䣬ʧ
һֱҲΪֻһͨˣһƽʵϣ֮ǰǶʮ꣬ҵȷƽԴǳ֮ҵ׸ıˣһƽĵ·֪ϱһôΡ
Ǽ飬ڵҲЩԸûзȷȷʵʵķˣԴԺҵдˣ֮Щֵֹ飬ȫ߸һ޴󣬽ԽԽ޷԰Ρ
黹ҪӼǰһʮ˵𣬻Ҫס˵
סӽи߸ڴ壬Ӳϰٻ˼ңٿˡ
ഫǴӣһʼһĺһܵ˰ᵽģǴʲôطҾͲ̫ˣϡ˵ֵ峯ĩʱģѾһٺüʮˡ
˵⻧˼ңҲҵ棬Ǹܵ˼ҹϵܺãֵһ㣬ӵķˮɽˮԶסҺܼҺüˡ
սʱսҷձӣ̣кܶѵ˾͵Ǹ߸ڴ壬Һܼҵ濴Щ½һЩˣ˸߸ڴ壬Ǹ߸ڴģ
ֵһ˵ǣڴձӵʱܼ˲ξ˵ξǸܼҵĺʮͣս˴٣һֱֻǺսԼֵܴˣսܣܼҾϽһСȥ˱̨壬ûѶ
һֱǵڣҲֻһ˼ңǺΪսӵǴ⼸˼ҳ˴Ĵ󻧣˸ҹϵĲҲ˵൱չˣû˻Ƶ۸ǡ
һ鲻ò˵֮Խ߸ڴ壬Ϊӽһ͹ĸ߸ϣԲŽеĸ߸ڴ塣
˵˴ӣ͸˵ֲˣ鼴ǵڣҲЩ£һǾð亹һֱź
ڼǰһʮϣҺӡС־ǿȾơ
⼸ҵķССһſɿ㳤ģǷǳҪõĸǣʮϾһȾƣѾǼԼ׳ɵĹأѾʮˣСѧǻǾһȾơ
ʮʱ򣬼ĴǲСӺȾƵģǵ˹꣬Ĵ˻϶ˣټ˶úȾƣȫģܶСҲܺϼڡ
СʱǺȵĺƣ˵ǺƣʵһǺƵϣЩǲߣȶҲͷΣǴϱơƣơƾֱ˰׾ƣʮϣһ㶼ܺһͨ
ϣҼǵ÷ǳһӶǣǺȵǰ׾ƣһӰ׾ƣһƿҲ˵ÿٶһϡ
ԴӸбҵ֮Ǽһ굽ͷҲ۲˼Σӽϰֵİ࣬ϵĿϵһúˣСϷһرõĴѧϴ־ǿС࣬ҲһѧǱʡģҽһЩżɶĶԻؼҡ
ңϸеʱ˴ܣһ㱻Ҳû˼ѧбҵ֮͵ش򹤣ҲɹٲȻһҵ
ƹѲ˹ζһȵͷˡ
ν׳˵˶ȵĲˣû¶ɣͻȻ˵˵缸ÿǶһȾƣһȾһͨǲҪһģ
Сͷʵӣ˵զãȾƻܺȳʲôɣ
ҵ˼˵ǲǸŪһֻÿʮ϶ɺȣǲǸҵ̼
־ǿһԴȤʲô̼ҪСȸƣ
˵ǳȥҵ̼Ҫȥͷȥô
⻰һ˵Ǽ˶һĬоΧĿĪࡣ
ͷһƬӣһ˵ǰսҵʱͷ˲ˣǰ꣬˭ز۵СҲӵǸطݲʵⶼǹؼؼǣǴһ󻧵ǮˣģΪȥһͷ֪ʲôһСȫˡ


2 ҽ
˵Ǹ߸ڴһָĸ˼ҡ
Ҵ˼꣬ʮͷжӣϵһƯϱŮ
ǰͦģĶ죬˵ΨһļõһֵͲˣǰ꣬ȥ򹤣֪ʲôʺˣͻȻͷ˴ƣǸһΨһĶС¥ð˸ּҵҾߣʵ磬䣬һӦУһСγʱʱĻżǮѻؼҺȾƳ⣬νǷޡ
ǣĶܺ棬ôĴƣմˣҿҲȣʮॵͣһ޳ɣҲһƣͷûǮ治ù
ǣҸ죬ƽʱҲֻǵͷ֮Ҳ˼
Ҳ˼˺˼˻٣ֻرʵ˵ɵʲôӪֻǷ˵һЩֵҲǵͼ۽߼ǽʲôʲôˣСҲ˵꣬Сһֱصģżҡ
ȥ꣬ҳˣһĶ죬Ҫʱ
˶ææŹðҾͳˡ
һʼʱ򣬲ûע⵽ҵĶҲһֱŽգҲʵʵܲ͸磬˻ΪһҵȥأΪ˵Ҫڳӵ顣
̫Ǯˣۺ죬һù
һҹһİ߸ڴҹգסڴӵͷһ֮ʵĲҺǽ˯еҸˡ
סڴӵͷɼһҽǶô
һޱȴ̶ļǳһˣϰҲˡ
£ٲ𴲣Ҳ·һްҳ֮󣬷ϰĶһ죬ǶѾ˴ſڡ
ĹҲˣĽϿջص
ߵſڵʱ򣬷֣·Ҳۼ˲ˣкܶǣŹŴͷȥ
˭֪ʲô飬ǲҽеûǻ˹ƵģһŽᣬļҪǳ飬һﶼǻﻥȻղŵҽкܲѰе̫ˣһﶼļҳ飬ؽҲ꣬ϲʱ׵ʱ򣬼ҼһҲЩǮŹõģ˵ļҵţ˸ˣıƺĹ
վڴſڵʱ򣬾·ô˵ġ
ϰ˵ҲԺﳭ˳ͷǳŴͷȥڼҿţһʮĴСӣȻڼ￴ţԸ⣬ʱҲܺǱߵ׷ʲô飬˵ڼҿţݾһ˵žͳŴͷȥ
ܿ죬ҸŴ󲿶Ӿ˴ӵͷֵߵʱſѾۼ˺öˣ㣬µǽһˮйͨӵ˵һƬǹĽ
һ;ҵſڣû˽ȥΪҵĴŽա
һﲻ֪Ǻõʱ򣬴峤жСӻλƵ˹ҶСﻹǣһ͵Ĵǹվ˶ߵĴһ
һ峤ˣӵȺʱ
ӽŽжͺӣⶼǴеģΪʲôжͺӣҲ֪ҺСʱ򣬴һﱳﶼôУͺһͺҳô󣬶֪ŵԴɶ
ͺڴﵱ˼ʮĴ峤ֻһڣԣһ˶
ɶأѻģ׳ɶ飿峤Ȼ
ʱһҺҺܽһվ˵峤ҹģҲ֪ɶ飬ҡ໡һɤӣе˺ģͳƣðҲûӦűˡ
ͺӵ˵ͷʹҶСӺֻǹſȥͺſһʱҾվڶͺ󣬾Ժ洫һʵģˡ
ͺüͷһ壬ȴİƣŴšۡ˼£ʮغӣڼ壬Ͻţ
峤Ӧû˰ɣŶ˺üûˡһԵ
ûĿǲӷִϱˣ峤ʵ
ղ˺Ľ˵ģģģ˭Լϱȥֵ
峤Ƭ̣ͻȻһӣѴҿ


3 Ѫζ
峤ôõĴţһһզ죿Щʵ
һ˰⣡ңͺٴ˵
⻰һ˵ڣǻʲô˵ģͺʱ׳ĺ߼ߣǸͷǸͷģҵǴ۵죬Ƭ֮ɵĴžͱҿˣҵſӿݣǹɨƵġ
Ŵ򿪵һ̣һķӭ
Ҿվ⼸˵ܹԵĸоϢ˵ڱĶ죬Щ䣬һ䵽䣬֮һûɵĿ־ʱͷһ˵ĿֻŸС
զ˵ҲһʮĴСӣѪյͣﻹһѲ˵żʮˣûʲôµģ¾Ų˵Ժȥ
û˸İǼֻһֱͲֹĴǹҲˣͷʱ򣬲ſ峤ͺӺǼĺɵ㶵վſڣ֪ڸʲô
ǵıƺЩԾεĿֻŹϡ
ڴ峤ͷһЩͻȻ˵һ򿪡ôûļƤͻȻðȶЩأ
仰һ˵ڣŷӦղһ򿪵ʱҾָоʱ޷ݣȫ˵ˡȫļƤˣһɶֱ͸ĵס
峤ͺӵɫһƨɾһţû˵Сû¶Ͱ֣ģƨ¶࣬ߣԺơ
˵ţͺӱкһˣľͳԺߣʱֵͷˣǴǼǹϽҵԺӣһβͣ﷢ʵ죬ǴӶӶСǣǹѾˣɶСǲϽҵԺӣǲӻһֱ
СǸΪĴǹһѣǹ֪ľͲˣؼǻˣȶ˿Ƕˡ
סǴǹݺݵ˼ţʵûа취ˣɿеӣǴǹԶԶģأǴǹˣβͣգۼûӰˡ
ļǹҲǸӴһ㣬Ͻ¶ЩаһЩԾ
˵Ŀٴζ˴峤ͺӣȫָ⣬һﶼûˡ
ʱƫƫֺյһ䣺峤ҵԺӣҽǲɶɾĶղšղǽǡ
̸ȣģûûɶɶôүǣ±˲ɣӹȥ
峤ˣ׵˵ǰ棬˫ִ󲽳ԺȥҺͶСһҲ˹ȥ
ҵԺͦǰŸǵģƴ֣ǽԺҲһϲһԺӣǼʮһҲԵӵ
ǰûſڣҲ֪ģҪſڵʱһӵѪζƮ˱ȵſڵʱѪ͸ŨһЩ˿˿ģɤ۷
͵峤ҪŵʱͻȻ䣬һ޵ĳӷӵĺ洫˹Щգȷʮˡ
峤ڰеͻȻͣ˵Ӻˣһȥ
˵ţ峤һȺӣŶС¥ĺ˹ȥ
ڶС¥һƬſһںĶһֵһգſһѪˣԴưȾˣһѪ«Ƶġ
˺˵Ĳᣬ޵ĳǴ˿зġ
ʲôˣɶأ峤ֵ糯Ѫ«˹ȥ
Ѫ«һôˣعⷵƵģͻȻһЩȴ񾭲ƵĴ󺰴ȡйй
̸ȣ˵Ǹɶģ峤ʵ
ʱѪ«ͻȻλƵһӾ˴峤ıסĴȣʮ־ֵĿ޺ҳȥйй
峤һţȴûж㿪Ѫ«ŪһѪҪǿͷѪķݶϣ峤޲óƣһ峤ûнѣ̧ͷ濴ʱ򣬷ֶ¥ĴǴ򿪵ģ峤˺ԺǽϣһԵѪʱ˹
Сһ͵궫ܵʱû´򻬣һԴײ˺ԺǽϣԴưˡ


4 
һ׽͵ȽһٳȻٱ٣ͷѪļһﶼѾģˣٴһٹƾ͸ˣȻ˵Ƿڣ͵ҲȷɺޣǱϾﲻҲʵڣֱӱٵˡ
󣬴峤⣬ˣɶģСӲ֪ˤԺˣװɵ㶣һⶼشֻɪɪһֱ˵լйıס峤ĴȲš
Сûа취ˡ
󣬴峤Σ˵ҿţһûгʲô顣
ţתƵҵſڣ峤ҲŹˣͷѪļһģֻСһҪҿҵţϵıͱļȾ֣תܣֻûһͷԵ˵ϣ⵹ǳ˵֮⡣
ȴҲ֪СŵģԴư֮ʧѪɵģ֮С˹ȥ
Ϊʲô˿־ҵأ
иղžۼſڵǼֻǹŸһ򿪣ǹʱˣҽ
ҸоܲõľǴŴ򿪵һɲǣһӭҵſڣָо͸ΪԣҴź£ҲЩɪɪ
ʱһַ紵ԺļһζǵҶӵ֦죬ǹ޵צӣһƬ޴Ӱ֮С
ŵڵϵǸ峤ͺ΢ԥһ£תٴҵſڣ˼ţʼûɤӺ˼֮󣬼û˻ӦкŸҿ
ǰŸҵǵȾʹ࣬Ҷûü֣ͱСǼ߼ߵĸŪˡ
ű򿪵һɲǼ䣬һŨѪ˱ǶŻ
ûҳһۣǰĶСӵ˱ͬʱһ־嵽ĲҽæˣЩվǺҺ⼸ײڵء
һȽϳȵϴ峤Ҳŵĵһ˼һƨɵ˵ϡ
ǿһۼֵӶҪɳĴ峤ˣų￴ȥһۿȥҲŵĻĴһ£һɶֱţţҾǿʲôһĻҲ̫ҹһЩ
ֵͲĵƹ⣬ҿ˿̾Ͷ̫ʦϣԶſڣҲˡ
ʱѾȥʱҲ֪ôŪģĶѪŵǼ޷л൶ѪѾǼ޷ȾһƬѪ죬Ϳԭɫؿһذףذֱؿڣֻʣһ档
Ȼֻģ˸е񺮣ӿֲǣ۾ģҰɫֱĿǣǻһĨ΢ЦǱ鿴ȥЩζ˾׺ݺͲ⡣
һϱؿڻһذף֮ûк۾ȻǻһĨЦ⣬ʲô
ȫùˣΡ
ǣӵ˲ֻһˣϵѪ֮лһλģӦţԴѾң͹ſڣͷѪȾϵѪѾɺ̣ûԴӾ͵̫ʦԱߣʬ岻֪˶ٵȫǵڣҵ˲ֱӡ
˵Ǻ£ͦǮװпյģڻţ¶һߣʬѾ˸õļѪζʬ帯õĳζƮټֲֿѪȵĳ棬ʵ̫ˡ
һĻˣ˷˼ֱŵĵͿ˳ܲζͳ棬ʹֳѪȺ͸ζ֯һζǲš
ũСϰգ˭ֳ棬һ׷׺ˣԽԶԽá
׹ˣղǸΪʲôһֱ󺰴йˣ˴ţԭôһ¶
϶﷢һУԲŻŵĴӶ¥ܣֻʱ̫ţԴײ˺Ժǽϡ
˵ʵڵģСӵĵҲǹģһ˿ĳ棬ŵҲܲˡ
ʬĸó̶ȺѾɺ˵ѪùӦò֣Ѿ˲һˡ
ô죿
¶Ҫ峤⡣
δĴ峤ͺӱҶСӲһֱ˵ԺӵУӲͣĶ¡
զˣǸզأСӴſǻʵ
զ졭ɣͺ


5 ŲҰ
Ȼˣ˻ֹһͲǴ峤ܿƵķΧ֮ˡ
ڣֻб
飬ܿʹˣգۼĹ򣬾˺СҲˣ׷׶Ҫո֣ʱ䣬ӵƻͨһƬ
峤Щֳʶʱôļάסֳ򣬲˽ҵӣһʼԺӵЩˣҲȥ˴󲿷ֻ֣һЩ׳˴ԺҲڡ
ʵǴ峤ֹ˽ݣҲû˸̤ȥһ̫Ѫˡ
һصĸɺԵѪˮϱͷſڣǶ̫ʦϣȫǵ˵ǻĨЦ˭ҲûеӶ࿴ۡ
߸ڴһƬȺɽ֮䣬سҲʮ·Ҵͨ·ߣƵģһЩû޵·ʮУһСʱ참񾯲ŵǸ߸ڴ塣
ǵֳ֮Ҳǰ龰Żˣܿϵ̾Ӽ˹֧Ԯ
ص񾯺ܿ˷ߣεİӷͬСɣһηǳصȫʡӦһ䶯ԵĴ󰸡
õ˵񾯵֪ͨ̾ɳһԱѸٸϵǾʮҵլΧһ㣬ˮйͨ
Ժе˶˳ǸùҲԱ̧˾Ȼһ侯սʿѺͣһǹʵȻǽǵùɷ
󣬿ʼдľʹŰ״ӵķҽֳҵԺſҲкüǹ侯սʿվſڣκһ˽ȥ
ǣϰղû˶ɢȥһȫվ˴ˣԴ˶Ķ
Ҳû뿪֮ǰ֪ͨ˴峤üһֳ˲Ҫ߶һҪ¼ڹ
վҴſڵʱһֱ⼸飬ϱˣǵôģУϵһֱסһ飬ǻһҵСŮӶˣϵﻹСŮҲɣ
ͷһĪľ;óأͲټȥˡ
ſڴһҾԺﴫŻµ참ķҽ;쿴Ĳ״ܹŻ³ɼοֲһΡ
һֱæҪʱ򣬼Ű״ӵķҽʹļ½̧ðײŵļܣһ̧ˣȷһȫһڶû¡
̧ܱ˼ɫľ֮һ־Աʼһ˵¼ڹҲڣ¼ڹһƯŮ죬ҿľƣֽиСţŮٵĵһ棬ҾһԲԲŮǣ˵ŮԲԲĻмƣ߸ݾ£һ˫ˮĴ۾ŸĶ̷ܱɵľţҲסġ
ֻŮٿȥЩ䣬˵Ҳģ򵥵Ҽ⣬Ҳһһʵش֮Ͷһʱ䲻Ҫ߶ʱҵѯһЩ⡣
ģҲԶţȻӦ
ļҵԺһֱо춢ţǲκ˿ҡ
峤ͺӵϾͱо֣̾ư
ֱ֮󣬴峤ͺӲű˻֪˾Ͷ˴峤ҵſģȻ峤ȴһ벻Ĵ𰸡
Ǹȥ͵ڵڶ˹ʵԴϵ˲أײһӣ˲Ѫͦ˵ģʹʹȥĲʧѪ࣬ǾŹȡ
Ǹ֮󣬰참ԱͶͻѶǸù˵ʮ￪һӵĴ񣬽죬⼸˴ˣ׬˲ǮһֱӼ߰ߣһЩ͵ĹиȺþǶĲۿؽûǮ꣬ǷһƨɵĶծ챻ծżŲһؼңǱ㽣ƫ棬ң͵ЩֵǮĶһ¶ծûôùϣĺԺ˶¥˿ҵĴոȥ׼ЩֵǮĶͿĵϵһںĶһһζСֵһգʱŵĻɢΪǵϵŵһˣһѪСȫǵڣѾ֪˼ˡ


6 Ļ
һⷬΣĺëըʱ㷢һĲҽУĻȥ͵ľͳŴǱȥﻹЩûȫɺԵѪŵ´򻬻ˤһţԴ˴ϣʱͷۻתˣ̲סеĿ־壬붼û룬ʹӴȥ̫ȥʱԴֿǽϣѪ죬ҲˣҵӺҲȥˡ
ʱ￴ڷϵǸСʬ֮󣬷ĲҽУϣ˾ҽ֮žۼҵſڡ
һù͵ʴף󻹱˾ȴŷɵС
ȻֻһСһӹĵǣһڵôġ
һʼʱ򣬴ɹһǸùɱǴʬ帯õʱԲϺţؼСӵС󣬹ҲҶɱˣ˶û뵽Ǵ峤ͺ˵
ͺӾȻ˵һȫɱģ
ѵǷ˲ɣȻֽԼŮšȫɱˣ
ȻҶ˲˽⣬һ飬ȷȫ˶֪ģǾТ˳
Ƭũ壬һ£Ȣϱ֮󣬶Ҫ͵ֿסģҲνķּңȢϱûзּҵģֻ˵һ⣬Ǿ˾һТӡ
Ҳȷȷʵʵһˡ
Ȣϱ֮ûиּңС¥֮һӸ˵סֵĵȽŲˤλ˵˵̺
Ĵ߸ڴ˶ûУļҲǹˮ棬õҲһש¶Ǵﴫˣֵĺϲ£죬ڴϿӶϱТ˳
ϱС䳤ǽһˮ飬ʮ˴һСϱ˲֮ȢģȢûþһƯŮһֱ䱦һпվСŮԼתƣ˭Կ۰ԼСŮ
ͺһˣô˶ɷѣ峤ͺӾȻ˵ɱԼһСûһ˵Ļ
Ǵ峤һҧô˵ġ
¶Ǳܵģ⴫Ҳؿƿ峤Ҳ׷ʲôһҾġ
ҲɣǸ߸ڴһĺоֵһʵϰ̾ҲʶҴ꣬Ǵмϵҵĺӣ峤Ǳңڶͺӵһѯ֮£˽һŲҰĴ
ͺŴȣ䷢ģ˵¶ֶ׿˵ģûһٻ
ϵǺ˵һڵŲҰоʡֶ쳣ӣרصؿֳһڵĽӡָ֮⣬ûз˵ټǸùĽӡҲֻһ䷿ӣ˲˻ȥûн䣬һڲǲؿڵһѷذףҲ˵ǰذ׷һˣЩߵϲذ׻˿ڣɼǣǰذ׽ԼϱԴĸ
ûн밸ֳǾݽҵ˵ǳֱǲҲ̶ãһ¥¥ǱŽѪֱǽһ׳참ϷҽǷ棬Ҳסθ﷭ڣһ˳
ӳǣһذɱԼһСԼûмʬǿһۣҲܲذ׻ĵۣȫ±ѪȾؿھͲǰǻһĨ֮Цݡ
Цʲôأ
¶治룬һǾһ񺮣ֱð硣
һ£ǰذ׷һСһĽɱ֮󣬻ԼСŮʬݶķ֮ϣ󻹽ԼϱԴʬ͵ԼߣԴ䵽ſڡ
ŪЩ֮Լ̫ʦϣǵһĨЦݣȻʼǰѷذһһԼϸһӣѪȫŪѪ߰ߣѪĲˣŽذһ´̽Լؿڣһغ
һĻ棬Ĵ𰸹ûм˻ŷ
񾭲ҲҾ徵
οһˣǸ񾭲˭Լذ׸ô˿ǻЦݣѵ͸оʹ
޷ǣ鷢ôã˶ʱȫ˶ûзһûУҪǵùһɤӣ²֪òܱ˷֡


7 ޴
鴦͸©һɹ죬޴ĥ
һˣͻȻͷ˷裬ɱԼһСԼСҲ˽ȥ˭Ҳ޷ͨΪʲô
ȫ겻ѵʱ򣬴峤ͺֱ˵ʱһ档
Լһ֮ǰǴһնķϺÿϰ߶糿ӣ컹ûʱ򣬾͸һȺ򵽸ɽϿлĲݣһ糿ϺͷԶĵطʱɫûȫһƬʣԼп⼸˴ͷķ˹ʱǶϺҲȷ˱һɽϸţͿǸ˺⼸ź·С˵ʲôھ̫Զ˵СϺҲûʲô
ʱϺƣһ˵Ǹɶģ磬컹ûɽҰľһ˵ʲô˵Ĺ
ǣǼС˵˼֮󣬾͸ԷֿŲͬķȥֻһ˳Ÿ߸ڴķ
ƺʱҲ˶ϺĴڣΪŵǼͷʵ̫Բˣ׻һƬ
ηʲôߵʱǹŶϺ˺ôһ·㿪˶ϺŻص˸߸ڴ塣
ϺƺϻʲôĹҵģԶûп
һҵŲҰﲻ˶Ա¼ڹϺȷʵһˣԴһ֮˭ҲûмҵǸС¥
ºܵ͵֮ǰǸĬԵˣЩģ⼸귢˲֮󣬸ǲô˽ѶûУ糿ͷ˵Ǽ˭޴ӲѯҲȥѰҸǼˣȴʲôûУľ޶ǮԴҲҲκͷǮƾðһ
һеһжһ޴š
һԡ
ǣֵĵطҲͷͳ˸߸ڴһأ̸֮ɫ䡣
ͷʷƾã߸ڴʷҲܶݣҲһټʮ꣬ͷǰһӣ˲ѵļ½ʮز۵СҲݲֻʮ꣬ſƼҽѧĽѾٳСز۵ͷǺ˼Ĳݺľڸǡ
ҺСʱ򣬼˾СҪȥǸڣմȾпܱԩũ壬ְСа¶֣Сһеͷȣղ˵ײаǷȥ룬ڵϣҲСǳš
ͷһأҳôȻ֪ͷʲôطȴһζûȥ
һҵĲ״֮ͷطһ˸о˿˿ð
ĴʮϣҲ֪ʲôͻȻȥͷһ䡣
Ǽһʱ򣬶ʱͳĬ
Ǽ˵һԱ䳰ȷ˵һƽʱţģզһ˵ȥͷأҪ¾͵¶û˵
־ǿƽʱӽСһЩȻ˲ٰ׾ƣȷһЩ˵ӣû¶ɣǴʮҼϲӣСǲǳԱ˳ŵãܵͷʲô
ǣСӾǳԱ˳ŵãϵģǻɽҰ룬ô䣬ڼŶůͣȥǲôСҲһԸ͵
ˣɶҲ˵ˣһǵСһģÿʮ϶һףˣǲȥԼȥתһȦٻ벻ͨǵطɶµģһһᵽǵطŵĶǸ
˵ŻӾͶϰ뱭׾ƣһھˣҵһ죬ްҪš
СǺȴˣһͷ࣬è¶ǣӶ
ǶʮͷѪյͣС˵ǵС˭ҲСվӵС˵˭СأȥͷôҸһȥ˭˭ôӣ
ãǶȴˣ˵ȥȥ׳˵һΣȫһҲԺ
ȻаǶЩ黹Ǳһ־ģܲǾ;ȥǣһǻʱھˣ¿ͷҪȥͷ˵ǰ˵˵Ǵʮϣһһ굽ͷ۲˼Σܸܲȥ


8 ܶ־
ǰӿȴˣղ˴뱭Ӱ׾ƣȥЩ룬̧ͷһۣͻȻɫСŸ磬С󣬸Ǿľ㣬ǲǵϳǻȺƦ۸ңһȣ׷ǼƦ˺ü֣ԴѪһѧУҴСӾͲ󡭡챻۸ôܹˣ죡ѾǰˣҾҪ֤ӽ쿪ʼҲǸСµӣͷǾͻ˯ˣ
⻰˵һգԭЩκԴƶʱһЩӾƺȴˣʼˣ˾Ʒ衣
⻰˵Ĳ٣һȣ׷˺ü֣׷˻ֹһСҾһ¶ûٰҰֵᡣ
Ҳ֪һʼϾͻһЩȭŹүүҰ֣ҰҲС̸ңѧЩȭŹ򲢲Ϊ˴ܶŹȫΪǿ塣СҾһҲ༸Ǻõ̫࣬ԼĸǱ۸˭ôҴɿһ𳤴ֵܣҾ͸Һ۾ĵףһֱΪֹ
СʱССϳǻҸһѧУǲһ༶ǸøϹŻеӰʱ򣬳еʱ򣬾вٺѧԼǳºϣų໰ɣ۸СһٲȻСƦӵģ֪ηִҲĺݣǸѧֳ
һ룬ŻһϵеĵӰ̻˲ٺӣ;
ഺ٣ѪյͣױѪͷԡ
ǺöǰˣҼǵӦҺϳж꼶ʱһһ꼶СƦӣӺ۸͸Ӹ̳飬ũޣ˭ҲԣСƦӻӸߵ̣ӵСҷʳѶʡСƦ̣˾ӡ
һΣʵûǮˣСƦӼûиԼ̣ʱ˦Ӽӣһ˫۾èۡ
ʱǶϵѧͦԶĩʱҶһгؼң쿴ӵʱһֱſڿԴ̧ҾĶ䣬ôؼң֧֧ҲӦſǻһ԰Сףһèۣʱǻᡱһ¾ð˭ɵģ
һʼӲ˵ҵ²ŵʵ飬Ҷ˵ӾȥҴǸСƦۣ˵ҲɣСӷѧûߣڽСƦӳ̣ҺӶһš
ǸСƦӽΣѧνǴܶŹӣûٱѧУͨСһѧ̵ΣҪϵͲ֪ˡ
СѧУΪû˸ΪôܴҪĻΪһ׸磬꣬бҵ֮󣬾ͳһӣϵһԣЩ͵Ĺﶼüصʲô㲻ˣͽæѧУﲻ˶ϵѧУųһС˼£ʦСӡ
Һӳǽſڵʱε̣ǲмĳ߿һۣͷߵ˹
ǿѹŭЩ΢΢ӳǰȥ׵ĵطͣŭʵӣ
κٺһЦЩѶʱɢҺӰΧм䣬˻ӿ˰ȣҪȺŹļơ
Ҵģôţ뱨զأС۾ɲм˵
Χ˵İΧ֮£СʮţΪҲҶ֣˵Ƣܶ־Ӧʱ䣬ֱһͳ˹ȥһžؿڣʶ㣬ûж㿪ҽʵʵһؿڣ˷źǽײ˹ȥʱײһͷۻȻӲûƬ̵ͣЪֱӾͳɱ˹ȥӵϾӣ˳ǽϺݺݵײȥһײȥˡһ죬Ҳ֪ģεıǻʱһѪľʹǽϻȥ
бһɻ־ûأȻ䱬͸һЩ֮£ûκλ֮ЩԭһϵļС쿴αҴѪһȫסˣûһٸǰ


9 ҵĶŹ
ô򵥣Ӳ֮Ͳ˭ô۸ֵܣǸҹȥһ𴩿ɿ㳤ֵܣ͸ҵûʲôҵĵߣ˭ҲãǼˣ͵
¾ͽδıѪڵļС쿴ȫɵˣһŲεؿڣһתͷĿǼС죬˭ôĻ
С¶ηɫһʱȲǰҲȥʵƾľһƣ˭˭ˣΧļС죬Ǻˣʱ򣬾Ҫֵĸǿƣ£һץԱߵһſԼһ˹ȥǸŵתͷܣٴδȵҹ
ʱҵӦúףӺ˵ʱǸɷģҲˣһοҷݣ֪һײеһ棬ڿʱң۾Ǻģһͷŭޡ
һ𳤴ֵܶˣ˵ǼСƦˣ֮еİȣתͷܣգۼûӰ
ǼСƦӣֿ˱ȦΣʱŷӦĨһѱѪݺݵĵҵô˭ĸģ֪˭𡭡
Ӳù˭ҸǣҲУûü˵ĻһӾͳ˹ȥһֵܴģվգң
һμƣҲСӱҴˣģҲû˸ղǸŵģʱתͷֿӣ˵ӣղô㣬ô
ˣһֱǱ۸ˣҲңο˻ѧУһԣ͸ӲҶˣҼˣҲǿԼֱСһ٣ĩˣҲһèۣ
Сӱҵʱ򣬷һݻ˵С֣ҵš
ž͵ţӻǰôСүСǱҰġ
ӼµʱҾͱϰֱѧҲ֪ҼҵĹһ·һɣ洫ģϰ䣬ǾԹˣʱҲʮ꣬Ѿһ׳ʵСˣ첻µزµͣںûп̫ࡣ
Σӿʼ˵ο϶ǣǸӣһȺʮСǣﶼû˸
ҵʱҲЩ£Ѿǳˣиã£ҴӵϼһһԥŲҽӣҲûǿֱӴӻؼңȰҪ£ʲôҵš
ȻεıĻͦصġ
ҺгؼҵİϣԶԶľͿԶͣż̫ĦгĦгΧվż꣬ųȾŻëģ鵽ڣνũ͡
Ǽ֮⣬һ˱Ҵı׵ΣгҺָָ㣬һŭɶģ
гڷгڻΣ˵ʵڵģʱҲЩ£гǻԽԽҿŵĶȻһѰѩĴƬɭɭ⡣
ʵʱҲЩ˵ֻһЩС죬д˵ĵӣȴûɱ˵ֻѧѧôƬҲŻŻˣɱˣҲҡ
һ߰οһԵӲҪ£һ߽İϣⳡüңò
λһҵĶŹĽʤˣ罫ǵгͣװ˵ŵĻҸûиֱ˰Ⱦ͸һƹԴʱѪزǼСåļô뺷ѧ޶ΪǸСƬأһյ磬׷༸СåһٱᣬＴŴƬҲҳкɱҪģӶཫ˴ȴңҴСϰʱϰ־ͽ̹ңЩλģЩطǴֻȴû¶ģһжյʮзִ硣
㣬һȣ׷ļСåֵܣҴſ˺üεʱֱҴסһ٣״ˣԺ󿴵Ҷߡ
ӴСӾСԵЩų۸˲ʮϣ˲پƣίͱﲻסˣҪǵģ˵ʲôҲҪȥͷһȦ˻п˯һס


10 µĵط
һƷ֮Ӵҹľʹ־ǿ˳ȥСҲң˺ܿͳԺӡ
׷ȥ֮󣬷캮ضѩ׻ܳȥǶ˲ɣӺС˵ȴˣӻѣŻ֪¡
æ۷ӣ´ϣк־ǿǿӣϽȥ׷ˣƷأɲǺ֣ҹȥͷһײаզ죿
ǿӦһ֪¶ģæӳֵ磬ͳߣҲϾ׷˳ȥʱͻȻһг죬룬ˣСӻڣȻ־ǿгˡ
СŸ磬гˣզ죿־ǿһε
զ죬Ͻ׷Ҷ˵ֱӾ׷ȥһ·ܵԺſڣֻгС񣬺ܿʧ˺ҹ֮С
þֻһгƨɡ
ӽгķɿ죬ۿӰˣҺ־ǿں׷ǣͣǾ͸ûһ㣬ԽԽ졣
ɰҺ־ǿˣСһȣ˵ɾ͸ɣͷǸطϲ⣬һʲô飬ڶؼСӻȶˣһﵽɽˤҲˤô
СŸ磬զ죿־ǿϰԵ⡣
׷˵ɶҲȥͷ
˵ţҾͺ־ǿȥķ׷ȥ
ҹũ߶ϰҹ׳ư꣬ܶ˼Ҷû˯ƻͨ
ýָѩŵҲ࣬гӡǣҲѰ
ֻһĹǵٶҲ̫һЩҺ־ǿһֱ׷ڣû׷ǣѾͷķȥˡ
֪ģͻȻֻ̻ȻĸоܾҪֳʲô飬ӽ췸룬ǳˣһգ޲׷һ٣ģҪֵĴһﲻ
˴ӣŶϷʮ·ͷҺ־ǿһ·ܣܿܳȥ·۵Ǵ죬ðͷƵģ־ǿѾܲˣͷڴͣЪЪﻹǲʡĵļһ
ҲܵЩˣͣ־ǿһҲţΪߣȡЩ׷
ǰ·ѾӵĵƹˣǰҲû·ϷһƬɽʵûʲôɿĵطҪȻǰҲΪӡ
ǰһСɽ뷭ɽͷǰ߹һƬС֣ͷ
˿̴ѩ׷ɣѩأХһֱͣ꣬£ԭľҲ˲٣־ǿֵĴһգƺʲôǷļһҸгһǧأ͸ѩһզ죿
ҳ־ǿֵյĵطȥ濴г͵ڲԶһѩСҲ˼гòˣⶪ˴˴гѩӦøûá
־ǿгһƬĲݴԲ׷ǵ㼣Ѱңһɽһߺǵ֣ɣӶˣһӦûУҲ֪һûǵĺ˸ǣѲСаˣ
ɽ;Уҵһֱһ飬ǾһҵŲҰ㷲ԽͷľԽ㷲ĸоԽǿң֪ҵûǱ͵ӡ
˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰Һ־ǿͷСɽͷƬƬǰСʱ򣬻ǹˣݣƣȴҿԽ׳ذ벽ȥͷȥˣĴСӾʹСͷҲҡ
Сʱ򣬼ĴŻС˵־Ͱӵͷ;ͷµĵطΪĹһִֵС
СʱǵƬӲ£ǽȴܾëȻģǶ죬Ƭž紵֦죬־ǿֵһգǸоӰأ
Сô죬ȥˣ־ǿֵһƣ߶š
Ҳƣ˵СгҲһ·СܶӦò̫Զǽϣ׷һ·ȴǸӰӶûп͸ƾʧһ㡣
ŵ´֦Ҷɳɳ죬ҵ಻ļӿٶȣֻſҵϽ뿪ͻȻ䣬һִֻҵļϣŵһ顣


11 ӵĸо
ڿͷƬһѰӺСټһﻹһҵŲҰͻȻһִֻҵļϣŵһһ飬Ͳҽг۾ֵĻͷȥȴ־ǿû˵Сû¶Ҹɶط˺ģˡ
СŸ磬㵨ӲͦôƬɶµģСʱҲﰡ־ǿЩԹ˵
ٷϻҸɶæתƻ⣬ԴԼʧ̬Ҳ֪ԼôˣͷԽĻָ̿оԽǿңЩɹЩġ
СŸ磬㿴нӡӺСģҸղž㣬ǵĽӡȥңһҵǡ
˳־ǿֵ⿴ȥ濴ŤŤĽӡһֱͷķȥ
£Ƕ˾ѭ˵ĽӡǰУаСʱĹ⾰ͳƬӣʽͷķΧ֮ڡ
ǰûǶôµĵطǵҽ̤ʵصվʱ򣬷Ǿûʲôµˣ޷ǾһƬĵذˣֻĵ֮Ӳݴ͹СһȻһ߾߿ݹǡ
Һ־ǿ粢վ־ǿֵ糯Щͷɨ˹ȥЩ͹ķذҲѩڸǣһƬһһͷĸоԶһЩϡϡľɳĮеĹµһ㡣
֪ʲôʱѩµĸˣƺҲ˲٣Ƭѩϣ絶һʹ
ߵҲӺСĽӡˣ֪ǲǱѩסˣǸû
Һ־ǿɤӴӺС֣ڼžɭͷصϢȴٳûκλӦ
־ǿͷߣǾֻߵԶһЩ
ϣΣһҪҵ򣬼ǷͷҲҪҳȵͷתļһһҹ϶ᱻ
һǳһŵͷѩɲͣĺ֣ԽԽûеһƺ֣ܾһҪʲô顣
֪Уͷת˰Сʱһ
˿̣Һ־ǿͷһƬС˵СӣʵһƬӲݴĻĵΧϡϡĳżι״ľýҺ־ǿվڵƬطΧм䡣
վطм˻ĲݵĻķأղ־ǿֵյʱƺһЩڿݹǵĶǰ˵ͷǰʱвҰܣձʱ򣬲ǶģģģֻҪˣͳͳᶪͷʱЩһ㶼̫ǳǳһƲϯûУֱӾͶںõĿ
˵ǰŸߣҰ㸡ٿƶǣá
Щ˵ҰԵľ˵࣬ƤݻĸƢȫǳӣܳü׳ʱ೶ʱ򣬻ðЩû͸ҲȺҰҧ
˵Ұ۾죬ҲẬʬǱֳԹ˵Ұҧˣ󲿷˶ᷢ裬蹷һҧˣҩΣ󱻹ҧˣò˶þͻʬȫ괯ŧѪȫö״Ҳ̶á
˵ڼʮǰһƺƵĴ˶ǼĹҰһȫΪֳԹ˵ĹҧˣʱҽѧǼȼǻҪ£ԣɴɱһǧɷŹһ
һ룬ͷ˹һϡ棬ҲΪʲôĴ˲ԭطЩ£һ뵽ͷִ˵ֻ˵ʱ͸ӿ־ˡ
ԣ
һβǿ־壬һ˵ĸоϸϸƷζ˺һһʲôоһֱ۾ӵĸоǲֻһ˫۾
ֿһֲ⣬˵ģͶĳĽ͵͵ĳ
ͻȻͣ˽Ųߵ־ǿ˵˵һ·̫ˣְһ̿֡
ǵתͷȥʱȴһر𲻿˼飬־ǿȻûߣȥˣ
ԴͷҾһֱĲɣ飬־ǿʲôʱʧҶ֪תͷĹˣҪȥ־ǿӰⲻҪһ֮£ҵĻˡ
ҿ˺ü˫͵۾ӲݴԺʹ͵͵ĳ߿˵ôһֱӵĸоԭ۾һֱڶҡ


12 һӰ
Щ۾ʲô
ھ֮࣬ҵͽסˣվһҲҶ
ҷЩ۾ԵʣЩ͵۾ܿڲݴ֮УӰҶ֪Щ۾ʲôʱֵģǰϢɭֲͷ˵ĵطǵСһЩˣµҪŵʹȥ
ĪЩ۾һȺҰҰ
ϸһ룬־ЩܣѾû˹ǴˣҰܳ
ҰҲˣ˸Ѫƴһô˵ҲѧʮĹЩҲǡ
˼ǿҲЩ۾ʲôֱӴӵϼһľҵ־ǿ֣СʲôʱʧģһûУӺСѾܲˣû뵽СҲôף߿к
˼־ǿһֱûлӦ¿ɺˣԭֻӺСһ±ˡ
ԭ־ǿߵʱһЩοֻʣһˣվͷֻֿŵĸоֱﵽ˼㣬ֻѣɤۡ
֮£ֻһӣͷĴѰңͻȻ䣬ҺŵһζζֵֹģЩζЩ˺üֵɢֳζڱǼ⣬֮ȥлЩƣζʲôʱֵأһֱУǸոճֵģҾȻڲŷ
Ϸһ鶼̫ӺС񷢾Ʒ裬Īľͷܣһֱߵ־ǿҲϢûӰ٣иղųֵЩ͵۾ɶŹֵĶĪֹ˲ɣ
һ뵽ͷ˵ĵطҾͻ»ҰƯҵΧֻҿˣ˵ǻۣɵСǴð
ƫƫֵطҵԽǸ棬ȫֵֹĶԽǷ飬ǿԼȥЩ飬ȥһЩ˵飬ﻹǲĳŹֵķȥʱľҲȫˣʮֵѣʵԸԼǺˣҲ˿ֻţµĶǺڰδ֪ȫռˣˣ˿Щģֻһˡ
һӣŵ²źĻѩһǳһţĿĵããͷεΪ׳һɤӳ˸裬ЩһֶڵϣˣеĿֻŲûнͶ١
֪УҼ߳ƬС֣ǰһƬĲݶѣҵĽŸҪȥʱһֻĴͻȻץסҵĽŲӣŵҲ㾪геĹʶľͳֻ˹ȥʱֵֻͻȻ˵СŸ磬ң򣡡
ĺܣһΪأԭ־ǿʱû˵һղȥˣôһûУҲҴк
־ǿҵĸ첲С˵СŸ磬¶һͣȶڲݴԺ档
Ȼ֪СڸʲôһǰķԸģСʵСӣʲôƨţ
СŸ磬ղҺǿˡ־ǿ˵
ô񣬵׼ûСû𣿡Ƶ
ʵҲȷӻС񣬷һˣʱҾͿһӰһֱԶλƣʱǰ棬ͦԶˣҲûü㣬ԼǸӰˣӰһֱߣû׷ϣҲӦͶЪЪţһ£ӰҲͣͶһͷϣ¶˹ˣǲСˣأ
˵ţ־ǿһָǰС˵Ӱأ㿴ǲӣ
ҳ־ǿָķȥԼڰ׿ĵطĻһӰǱǵģŵһˣ˵ҹɫܺڣڴѩӳ£ܿӰġ
۾һҲûȷӰӻС߶߶ģ۶ӣţһҪǴǣһٲɣѩصģͷСүһ
Ƭ̣Ҷ־ǿС˵ĿȥҾÿǺȶˣ׷ͷϴأһסôʰСӣ
˵գǶһһӣǸӰĿȡŪ̫죬һΣǺӰû־ǿ˵ǰ㣬ǶͶһֱʵʵ˯һ
ǺӰԽԽԽԽʮ岽Һ־ǿϢľǺӰӳǺӰĺһͱûĵι˯ˣϽ


13 ǰй
ùͱǺӰһ£ǺӰһ°ҸˣСӻǸҪˣСүװʲôأּӴһЩٴγǺӰĺͱ˹ȥֹûУϽؼңΪҲҴ㰡
һΣǺӰζһ£﷢һੵĹЦͻȻĽԴת˹תͷԴʱ򣬲ӴһĦ죬ǡڶر̶ëȻĸо
ͻȻ;ЩԾʶһ
ʱ־ǿѾٴνеֵǺӰ˹ȥǺӰԴתǡ첻ڶתһʱͻȻӿٶȣһһһٰʮȵתԴš˺ϡ
ΣҺ־ǿѾŵĴסˣκﶼ޷ݵʱľ֣ǵҺ־ǿǿתϵԴ˭ʱľͲһ˿ӡ
һ̣ҵӡˡһ¾ҪըһѪҺֹͣǱסһ㡣
ֲ޷Ŀֲ
ΪǿԴ˾Ȼһ
Դš֮¶һڴҺ־ǿ੹ЦˡҵǺþˡ
˵Уһ˫Ұ׵˫Ŀ˲Ѫ죬Ѫ۽ǻ䣬ҲѪȴڷǿֲЦ
ֻվȫĹһž죬һּŤ̬չҺ־ǿǰ
Ҳ֪־ǿʱʲôǳɵˣ˵䶪˵ĻҶ֪ҵʱûб򣬱ӿ˫ȾǱһ˫εĴסˣ޷Ųֺ
谡ѽ־ǿһĲҺȥǸеĻҪҽУҴޱȵ𾪺;˳Ҹо˫֮һЩҲ˲࣬ĳ෴ķȥڱܵͬʱҿ־ǿҲŷһܣˤ˼ͷ֮ûķܡ
Ҳ֪ôˣһǰѾȫڣһҴ棬ĺҲûӳ졣
޷ͣǰΨһ𰸾ǣˣ
ͷаǰǲûеɭɭйû
ܵʱһ룬ӺСأǻ᲻ᱻ
Ҳ˼ΨҪ˶ûҵԼСҲҪ
׷־ǿķܵģȻѾײˣҪܾһطܣզ˵ܱһǿ໹иӦ
ǰһֱܵ־ǿţͻȻͣסˣһƨɾ˵ϣ׷˹ȥʵզˡôˡ
˵ţһһۣû׷⣬ֱ͸׷ˣٶȲ죬ÿǰһϵĹ죬ӼŤԴһֱںϹš
Ȼ⻹ֲģ־ǿͻȻһָǰſǻ˵СССŸ硭㡭㿴ǰ桭й
˳־ǿָķȥʱͲ˳ѵһҪôǰֳȻĵǻ֮ǰģѪȫǱлƵĵڣͳҺ־ǿǰһ㣬ĳƶţÿǰһ¼ѪӡϵѩȾһƬ졣
ҵһ־嵽˼֮󣬾ıܣһѽϵ־ǿ˵ߣܣ
˵գ־ǿĵľͳȥֻûǰֳ˿ֲĳһͷŮʬȻסǵȥ·ͷŮʬǱˣϱʱۿϱԴſڵģһͷŮʬ
ͷŮʬҲȫܲŵڣǰһ˫Ѫֱۣһߣһߴ﷢һֹŹֵҵͷءҵͷء
־Ѿ˱ľֻʣµ֧ű˴ˣ붼û룬־ǿת˷򣬳ұߵķ񱼣ǰңҲֻһûйˣǷ˷һ񱼣Ųմһ㣬Ҫ˦һҶҲ֪ܳ˶ãƺҲЩ
־ǿһʵܲˣ־ǿ˵仰ͻȻַһ⣬ŵ־ǿôôأƺС˺ܶ࣬һ뵽ͻȻһɶ񺮣æͷȥȴŮ˿ǣɭɭЦͷһֱ쵽ؿڣܲſڱ塭ҪȥĶ


14 ԩͷծ
õģҲһֱ־ǿôôͻȻͱŮ
һޱȵĿ־ˮһûѾŵĻˣʮĿֲûн࣬ʱһתͷۻһȥ
﷢һ죬־ѾѾˡ
ǸСŮƺһ־壬һֱ૵塭Һ䰡㱧Һòá
һ˵ŻһߴǻѪʵѩ֮ϡ
ð
֪һһ˦СŮ֣Զ񱼶ȥһ̲סתͷȥСŮû׷ңСŮȻڳƶٶȺܿͱ˦ѵˣһĹ򣬾ֻʣһСڵ
һ·֪˶ã۵Ҳܲʱ򣬽һ֪ʲôֱһ˵˵ϣʵʵˤһࡣ
ſڵϵʱ̫ܵˣһͷ֮УţԹµӣ׷ǱʱĸˣھֻʣһҲ֪ȥˡ
Ĳ붯ˣ췴ǻˣҼܵٿ죬ܴӹֵѣ֪ǲ·ģֱƮҪҪȡҵС粻֪˶ٴˡ
Ҹо⼸ڸè׽ϷŸʱŽҸɱˣһҺαضܣ۵ĸһɵƵģ
˰ɣһʮһúֻЩɽҰ벻˵ʬĶûУ˵˷ҵʱʬ嶼Ұ޿йˣӱǣʮü䣬ŮѶûУûи¸һŮģһûãƾҪˡ
⻹ǱߣﻹӺС˵ӿӵͷҶǵܵظҲҪ쵰ݺݵһ٣õģˡ
ſѩһ˲˺ö࣬ͻȻ֪ıϿһЩ˵֮ǰԼһ飬һǶݣûʲôֵûģûʼòƾҪˡ
ѽҪ֪ϰжѹүүҲɡ
Ҳ֪ѩſ˶ãԼݵһһ飬ȻȤǸɾһŰֽǼȴſãǼôɱأ
ѵǴ󷢴ȱŹһɣ
뵽ͻȻһ˿ϣ̧ͷܴһۣͻȻ־ǰľʮ죬һÿצĴһѩķͷҲĽӡ
ꡭôⲻҺ־ǿղżĵط
һ·ôãȻԭشתʲôǽ
Щȥˣ־ǿʲôط
һӾȦˡ
Ĵѩʱŷ֣ſѩѾҵӸůˡ
ҶڵϣСţһʱðһСûΣ˰ɣϽͶ̥ˣΪɶҪܵͷŻˣ׻˵ԩͷծҸżҿԩ޳𣬸ҲҲûгΪɶƫƫӲţˣ
ίίҶЩ߷Ȼˡ
ղŵĿֻŸж߿ڸסˣСүǻȥʲôˣתȦƿմүȣԩ޳ΪɶҪסӲţ˭ɱ㣬˭ȫɥ˭ȥܵﺦôһ¶Ҹ㣬ôֽŪң֮Ҳʱһ˴ȫңĴСϲģһܴ˸ԣүġ
ҳɤӴ˰죬ڸǣûңҲûκλӦ
˵¶ˣֵĵԽ׳ϵ׳һĹ»ҰǣȻǶ
ɡֲ㣬ûʲô캦飬ǵӴһЩˣ˿׼ʲôˡ
Ҳûпһӹ֣Ϊҵ׳ˣµĲˣȻˣҾ͸Ͻ뿪һǲͷתˣҪصүǶйһһǣ˶Ҳ׳ɶ»ҰҲҳ֡
򶨣ұƾӡ󣬳ʱ·ȥûһȴҵĶ



15 
ҲԶֻȥЩƣôôأ־ǿǼһ
ղһҳֵʱҼǵץס־ǿֿ񱼣ܳȥ˺Զ֮󣬲ŷС޵֣־ǿƾմʧһ㣬־ǿѵЩֿʼˣңҳֻþˣ
ԥƬ̣Ҿǹȥô˵־ǿҲֵܣһأںǾܲ˵ˣҪǳʲô⣬Ҳû˽
ţҾͳ־ǿķ˹ȥһߣһʵ־ǿأ
ҵ־ǿƺʮָˣæӦСŸ硭ô
ҰĶһص
СŸ硭̫ˡΪҾҪأҵһȥˡ
־ǿЩ١
ҼӿٶȣСų־ǿڵķȥһСһƬӲӳ֮Уһڣڲ󣬾ͱũõˮôһպܹݵһ˽ȥ
־ǿСӵҲǹģôСһڣôһƬطĲãƫƫߵˡ
ҽŲҵ¹⳯žһ־ǿûȫȥʱϻץһѻĲݣǻĲͦģôһأڶ֮С
֪ж೤ʱˣɫЩŤץסĲݵһֱڷ֪ʲôʱҪ
ҲƬ̵飬æſڵϣһֻŹס˺һСһֻȥץ־ǿץסĲݵֻ֣־ЩԶǰŲһЩ룬ʱңҲ˶֮С
һȥ־ǿһСôˣղܣôͻȻͲأ
־ǿ̧ͷңȫɻ֮ɫƵʲôʱˣҺһʱֻŵͷǰߣҲ֪ʲôں׷ߣž͵ˣҲӦаƵġ
־ǿ˵ҵͷʱʹˣǹɶٴѵ˵֮ǰǸ־ǿ־ǿˣڲݴһסҵĽŲӣ˵ԶиӰô
ʲôѵǸղǸ־ǿǹ
ҲҽȥˣʵҲûʲôˣһңѾ۾٣ˣûʲôҾò˼ˡ
һץס־ǿ֣ҧһʱҿ־ǿͻȻͱŤˣ۵ľ֣ɤӴ󺰵ѽ
һ󺰾ڶߣԽۣȻ;־ǿһһ֡
æתͷȥʱٴŵĻ겻壬õģһڲ֪ʲôʱֳҵΧǵǿŵںϵԴҺܽôһתԴʱһ֮ӭһɶ
ˣǼҲϢĶڶڱߣһ˫ҵ۾ֱĿҡ
ΪһжǻþʵôĶǣҪֱҲˣҪӣ
־ǿȻҲһڣŵ󺰴УӿɾѾЩסˣȫǱŷ˵Ľࡣ
ǿеĿ־壬ȥΧߵЩ־ǿ˵ǿӣҪ£۾ҪȻ˭Ҳɣ
Ȼ־ǿȥҵĻǴ󺰴УӾҵҵӱһһ׹䣬ҿ֧Ųסˡ
ƫƫʱΧߵǼֲ׷׽ԴңһѪף˭һۣϹƶҪجΣǸСųͷƵҶߵ塭㱳òá
Ҳݣ
ҪĥˣС˵ɾ͸ɣͻȻҵĺ󱳣ӱ̹ǣǸź£ҲܹоϵϢվұȥֱſҵĺϣСյҵĶߣʪĳͷһҵĶȻ䣬ſ˴죬¶ɭɭһھҧҵĶϡ
һɾĵĴʹ˲ȫҵһҲ֧ŲסŶڻȥˣҲûɿ־ǿ֣קųŶȥ
֪ãӻȥһ̣ƺͦһ̶ĲҽڶǸСģҧңΪʲôȴ˲ҽУ
⣬ҵӾ˶ڣˤһͷۻ


16 
ƺôգۼĹҾ͵˶ףΪҪˤĹǺǵƨŵصʱ򣬷һۣģͦ
Ƭ֮һʹʹƨɵ´˹ҵͷһ־ǿ
ղŵʱ棬ó䵱һ棬ƨɵ£˵ôһء
һ־ǿæӿڶ֮ϣʱ־ǿڷҶʮ촽һƬ࣬ɫ԰ֽǱŵġ
ҳ־ǿϴһۣﻹһֵͲֵֽͲ˿⣬ʹ£Ȼˣôߵĵˤֵ羹ȻûǺõĿԡ
ҽֵһߣ˫ַ־ǿļϣʹζ£˵ǿӡǿӣѡ
ǿӵͣһɶûУҵĵӱǴ˺ö࣬ǿֻǿһ۾ͱųӣһڹ˴ҹ˼ǿÿһ˶һӴһ
ֱӾ˺֣һ˦־͸һӣǽһ࣬ӦһҲҳһơ
ȥ־ǿһǰ͸죬ڲͬߵϳ˼ӡӡ
ˣҷ־ǿеĴɫˣת˾֡
ɾǺõģ֤ûɵ
ոջָ־ǿһ֮촽£һӾʹ޳ứͣСŸ硭ййҺú°
û˵йզˣɶµģ޷ǾǣҲɹˣʱһ֣ȱ´ð̵һҶ
򶨸Ⱦ־ǿ˲Ͳôˣһ˫ȴץסҵļ򲻷ţ촽СŸ硭ֱҲ֪ĵ¡
ҺǺһЦûлشĻ˵ʵڵģǼٵģҵһۿԴתһٰʮȵʱҾͲŵ˿ӣӶĿֲ֣Ѿŵ˼ޣͱηˣΪ˱׼ѵϻбӿµ
̧ͷͷϵĶڿһۣڿȥǺԼ׵ӣ¥ôߣҪȥͲܣȻҾֵǣԭڶΧһڣѾûӰҲ֪ȥˡ
һˣһڶǶȹôΪŻ棬ûҪɱǵ˼
־ǿҲηη̧ͷһۣܿ͵ͷȻʵСŸ硭ǡǡڲ棿
ûӰˣ˭֪ȥˡҴֵ˵
־ǿظĳһһԵֵУƵôиѰɣ
˵˵ҵôôĶȥ𣿡תͷ־ǿһۡ
־ǿεһЦֵڶȥͻȻٴηһһӱסҵĴȣֵҲ˵ϣˤˣٴαһƬڣٴη
ұûʲô£־ǿһһէŵҲЩ飬ҵСôˣôƵģû¶ϹлҶ챻ųಡˡ
ǡСŸ硭ǡˡ־ǿ˵
ˣ
ɻ
һĶʼڵҾҵղ־ǿڵϵֵ硣
־ǿСһֱıҵһȣжǲ㣬Ǳ˵ǿӣܲɿһֲǸƯǣҺǲˬؼ㻹ôʲô
°ͷ̫ˡ־ǿֱ
ɿ˵ֵءһƿԴڵϼ֮һģоֵ磬ôҲأ
Ƭ֮ҽӦɽĺڰͷϵһֵ翪صģǵҿŵĶ֮󣬶ʱŵ˳ȥôֵ簡Ծһͷп˵ĹͷЩСȹǣ˵ôҲأˡ
Сٴοѣ¶ҲҸ־ǿ˵Сӣ˵˵һСȹǣιȥˡ
ƽһ֮ҼڶΣĶǺüͷ˳ֶ˳ȥڣһҵֵ磬˿أ˺üֵ֮ٴɢһЩããеһյƣжʱЩů⡣
ֵ磬ͳ־ǿղ˵˵ĵط˹ȥ


17 
һ֮£淢ˣǲʬҾͲ֪ˡ
˶ſڵϵģͷ棬ֵ΢£ҿĲǺ˴·ȴʮֵ죬ôӺСأ
ţֵͳ˹ȥʱһԵ־ǿͻȻסңСŸ磬Ҫɶ
ôӺСأȥƣ˵ǡһص
һ𡭡ǧһ˶£һ˺¡־ǿŵ
ǵӣôСƵģңץҵ½ǣǧˡ
˵ţٴγſڵϵ˹ȥ߹ȥͬʱһֵĵطڸͦǬǸɶõأҸоҰ޾Ūһ󶴳
СŸ磬ûпһߵĶҪ취ȳȥɣشٹ̫ˡ־ǿҵ½ǣСϱƵ߶š
ҪǵöһˣϹ룬һѡ˵Ҳϲȥȥˣ˵һڻأܴĹǣ˵УѾſڵϵ˵ߡ
־ǿԴҡĸ˹Ƶģӵ˵ǻǴɡ˵
ͷſţýһſķǰľӺС񣬸һȾƺ˴ϣȻ˲٣ԴѣǴ·ǿ϶ϴġ
Щϲ˵ţһ־ץסһ˵ļһӽ˹Դϵʱ򣬲ŷǰ˾ӣֻԴײˣ˺öѪ
ҽӵӷʱ־ǿҲѾСӷת˹Сӵĺֻ࣬Ҳһһģƺۣմ֮ġ
ǽַӵıӵ£̽һºֻţжʱ˲٣תͷСʱ־ǿСŸ磬СҲû¶ء
Ȼ˶ţǾͺðˣŵҲڷ
£Һ־ǿֱ˵ϵһԵĶԱߣǿǽʼһͨæУžžһ֮Ӿ˹
֮ǻһ飬ûǰ˭ʹ󺰴ҪɱҡҪɱҡˡǧҪɱҡ
һߴţһ߲ͣŲӣ˫źҵţһ߷ڵأͻȻվͳһ˳ȥ
СӵⷬٶҴΪ⣬Ƭ֮󣬲׹֮ǰӦúһһҶŻ˾š
뵽һ֮ҾͳӴӣ£СŰҹˡ
仰֮һֱǰܵͻȻͣתͷɻĿΪ֤ҾֵԼû뵽ӿ֮ͻȻٴδһ
תͷȥ
һ벻԰ôһܣҳôôˣ
תһ룬ҲԣֵԼŪԼЩٴζӺӣܣ㲻ʶңܸʶ־ǿɣ㿴ǲǣ
˵ţֵֽ׼һԵ־ǿ־ǿҲתͷӵķ򣬹ɵ˵Ӹ磬ˣģ־ǿ
־ǿ֮ϵľֲʧˣͻȻɥʧеһƨɾ˵ϣصĿ
ֵ磬ӻ˹ȥһļοˣˣƵģֻҪǻţɶǿ
صĿһ֮󣬲̧ͷңҭ˵Ҳá˷Ʒ裬Ҫͷ֮ûãҾͺС˹һҡں׷ǡûܡţͻȻ͵СŸ硭Һú°ǻ᲻
ԭһŵҵӺС֮󣬽Ǳһ٣ǿӣĶʱ˭Ҳ֪ᷢ飬ʵҲңʱʲô·ðֱ׷ͲᷢǰЩˡ
ӣ¡иڣ˭ˣʵ㣬СһڣҺ־ǿҲˣң׷˴ϣ˿ӣҿǲûҪɱǵ˼ֻ뵥Żǡٴΰο
Сһô˵ʱҲͷ˵ҲǣǸԩ޳ģףӦòẦǡ


18 ĹѨ
СͦҰοףǶ˹ˣ˭ô׽
룬ȴû˵ڵϵһ־ǿСǱ˹ȥ
Сһ֮СҲ˹֮󣬸ӵıһ޶һߴйһ߾Ҫܣǰ˭оˣͶסȥ·һѽסһĺ󱳣һο±¡СŸ硭۹԰СŸˡ
˰οһ֮СӲ΢΢һСĶʵ̫ˣʱҶˣǼĵӸұС˺ܶ࣬ȫҵ֮С
ˣĸٴξһ˵һҲ֪֮飬ʱǶ˾ƾһɾƾһ·ܵͷӺȵ࣬ͷƷ裬Ͳаһͷһ漴дйϽôүһһҪϾͳˣӸղǸͷ棬һһģ˵ӣɶ¶
һ㶣ʱľƾ࣬ǲаڷͷһ٣ת˭ŲŸһϿתԴҿһһٰʮȵĴתԴֱӹ˲Ӻ棬ǷǹһĨаȵЦʱһģһ
һճǰӺСʱըѣͷʱȫ
аƫƫײаӻ¶Ǵţ϶ͷ¿ɺˣûüװȣͱųɵˣ˶˵ͷܣĵͷŮʬǸĹޣסǵȥ·һ·ײײ֪ˤ˶ٸͷȫ˶
˶ֱ֮Ӿ͸ˤ˹ȥУһԭŵģǸܲ¶
˵ƤָӦԼܵĶԶѡرܣɵ³ʣΪʲôеӾݣجĻ֮ܵǻΣǰܾǼٵģôô׾εۼΪʵòˡ
ĸΧһһôȥ⣬ôߣҪȥͲܣǳ˳ȥйҲͷֵط֪˸ͲǴ죬ҲɭɭģǴģû¶˭Ǽȱʺĵط
ǼҲȥһȥ֮һզ죿
ֲǵʿҲ׽ڹǰֻǰϵ⡣
ҪȥҲҪ֮󣬴ĻӦþͲҳ˰ɣһ㶼⣬Ϻ͵϶ô˵ģ˶֪顣
˵ҲЩ֣һƺ뺦ǵǵĿĺֻǵĿĺأ
һǼ˶Щ벻ͨ
Сһֱ賿4࣬Ҽǵǳʱһ࣬ôһ˵ͷѾͷˡ
Ƕ죬ĺǱһ㶼ߵҲŻҲ˵ǻҪｫͷ
ͷôأɭɭģǼһӶ
Ҳģղҿܵʱƺ߻ͦģ͸ҪǼ߿⵽ǸʲôҲȥߣ˵ҵʲôأпܻͨĳɽɽء
ӵСٴξţԴҡĸһ˹Ƶģ˵𡭡ҿǻŰɣһⶴͨܵظǼǻزˡ
үӣͦḻģôȥдС˵ͨܵظ¶Ҳ벻ſ
ͷɻСŸ磬ʲô
ү㶼֪һƽʱͲ飬һдֲС˵ģ
УҲӲ˼Ц
Ȼôȥ־ǿСͬҵ˵Ҳţڶ￴ҲǺõģɵ󵨴ͷҲĹǣһ֮ĸ˾ͳˣҴͷӽ־ǿСϺĸߵĺܽͿһֵͷĶѨȥ
ǰһ·ͻȻЩԾԲҰŪģоӦǸĹѨ


19 峯󽫾
ʵҶĹѨĽṹһҲ˽⣬ũطᣬһ㶼һ׵ӣֱӽײķŽȥȻѻһذȥҲȥǼ򵥡
ڹʱĹṹҶ֪ôһǴϿġ
ǰһ·һͦģֵղͷܹݵ˲ŶУѹ֣޶˾ÿֻš
׵գǶܹ˴˵ĴϢӣҶܴĴϢһЩζǱһҳ׵ƵˣԺͷ֣ô¡
ĸ˻ĳǰƶţ˴Ϣ˭ҷһ
ӵĹ⾰ҵֵ粻䳯ǽɨһ£ƺʲôǾͣ˽ŲĹ˹ȥ˲֪ʲô飬Ҳȫ˹
߽һԾȻбڻڻЩطѾЩˣ廹ܿ
ֵ糯Ǳڻţϸ
ʱС˷۾ǰҲڻϸ֮󣬲ɷнµ˵ҾãӦĩһ󽫾ĹѨ֮С
ôһ˵Ǽ˷׷תͷСƲЩ˵С񣬱ǼװרҰ㼸Ｘһ֪Ǵɿһ𳤴ģ˵ô϶͸Ƶģ˼˵峯󽫾Ĺզûأ
Сһ˵ʱЩˣСӾֻ֪úë㣬Ҳô˵ҲһƴѧȼīˮȻҵרҵϵѧУпϵģҿϵʶһǣû¶ʱĹоһ֪һġ
Сôһ˵ҶʱȤСǸӣĸ˵УѧϰĺúӣÿζһҵҾȣûٰᣬҲȷʵ˹һĴѧӼ߰ߣ㱻ѧУһ꿼ѧţѧУյ֣˸ûȣһǱȽСģⷽ棬ȷǼо
С˵˵ڻǻЩɶôأ̵
ֵСװȵʱˣɷнµɤӣ˵ǺãҽͰŪһ£˵˵ǿһڻϻһ󽫾ϣűǧ⻭Ͻս峯ĴЩСҲ峯ı峯ս峯һ֧̫ƽľӣЩеʷ϶ѧӦòİɣ
Сôһ˵Ǽյڻһȷʵôһ¶־ǿҲͷСû⻹峯ĩڵһĹ
Снӹֵ磬ֳһڻ˹ȥ⼸ڻǰһҲ࣬СŸ˵ļڻûʲôʵ壬⽫̵龰峯ĩڸ̫ƽľսļսۣҶǴʤ̣޷˵⽫ǰźպսɱ
һԹ˺ü̵Ļ棬СںһڻǰͣڻϻǣղǸĴ󽫾սۣ˹ٷצۣͷᣬǰһŵĹٱò䡣
Сܵһϵ˼ǣ󽫾սߵõ˳͢ķͣһƷԱƱ
Сѻ˵꣬æȵȣС񡭡ƷԱʲô٣
Сһۣû˵Ҫƽʱһ飬ƫǲɵ˰ɣ
קקƨ㣬˵ߴٵ
ƷԱôҲ൱ڵһʡĹԱ˰ɣҲǵʱķ⽮
ҲݣŴͣһԾףŵô٣û뵽Ƨĵطܳһ٣⽫ĹŲٺöһȥˣ϶Ҫư
õĲƣⶼǹҵĶóȥ͵ǵĹˣҪ̵ģ㳤˼ԴСһ۵
ѽ˭ôĹˣǲСĵⶴģֲǹڿĹ͵˵ˣȻүעǷһʺƣΪɶãðײã㲻ãʱ˲ƣСӿɱۺ졣ƲŸ˵
ҿһۣԴһֱѪǸղŵˤģǱȱûвƱܻųȥ˵ӣϵѪҪҪһ£


20 ˵ĽĹ
һʣƺ֪ԼԴưҵһĨõֵͲһֻŪһѪСӿǱ⽫ĹܻеĽƱͷԣԼԴϵѪһҲں·һû¶ǵѪأѪĵİǶˣϽĹƣûнƱ
˵ţӾ̲סˣתͷǰУȴһԵ־ǿһѸקסˣû˶󣺡ʲôڻûأ⽫ĹĶɲǺõģ˵ʲôڵǣڱڻϿҵһЩߣϸơ
СҲһԸ͵־ǿ˵Ķԣǿϵĸ˵һǮ˼ҵĹﶼл壬Ūû˵ģǻСһĺá
Сĸƨˣۻ壿Ǵ󵨵ĸ߰ɣҪˣ
һı飬ǱĹĽƱͷԡ
ҪߣһסٺЦӣղһҹǿˣҪ⽫ĹĶһٶĽ˵ֱӴӹײĳҧأʵһϹڣŪʲô۶ӣǿɲ˰
һ˵ӾЩˣ˼ЦЦ˵ҲɡСŸģһȥ
СֵǰߣһЩڻʱ̫ԶԵʣЩڻ𻵵ʮأö඼ˣ̫һŻ񻭵ǽҪʱ򣬼˶ڴǰǣһСŮСŮȥиģڻǸʦڵʱǸʮĴңСŮȻֻȼʣȴ̻ΩΩФһϸôһͻȻŵľһ£ҸоСŮôôأϸһ֮󣬺Ǿʹһɺ⣬Ů޿ǸĹŮ俴ȥҲЩڻϵŮ޸ĹŮʲôϵ
ֻԼĴ⣬Ϊ˲ôһٺ£¶Ҿû˵ֻǾЩŹ֣ĹͬѰϷҲЩ˼飬һұɵĹͷŵĶˣǵĿľֻһǵĹͼʲôʲôһʮѰζ顣
Ҫ֪𰸣ǾֻͷƤǰߣһ仰˵ĺã溦èðɣ͵һֻèɣ¶ҪǸ㲻˯ðȡ
滹мڻ̫أıڻҲûɶʵˣԼܹϳһЩǰƵģд󽫾֮飬ϹСҲ˵ÿˣǰ߱ǡ
һˣǰӣ͵ͷˣǰһţžȻǴ򿪵ģǵǽһ㣬˲ù죬Ѳ֮ǰ
ò˶һʣСЩƵ˵žȻǴ򿪵ģ˽Ҳ˵Ĺܱ˵ӣҪĽƱѾûˡ
һʱͲˣЩյ˵үģЩĹɺޣȻߵǰˣУҲýȥƣ˵µʲôء
˵ţӾЩȲ˽ȥҾûȻѾˣ˵ĹѾǰǻĹƻˣǵΣմ󽵵͡
վĹҵſڣȴЩţͷ֮ĸоһ޶ܾҪһЩʲôƵģĺܡ
ԥƬ̣ұкһȥ
սĹҵĴ֮˱վſĴСǼ˽ܵһʱ˼ҵĹҶǰסһ࣬джңһƾͿˣ֮ǳⶴʹ绰ﲿţȡʩһһⶼڵĶͦϧˡ
С˼ͦ߰һҪҵһ㲻ɣһԵ
ǿɲУ͵ǷģҪΡСӾһ
㻹淢ңǲһ𴩿ɿ㳤ֵܣЩˡ
һһ룬ԭ⣬òСֵ
١СǲвӳС񿿽һҪ
ô˵䣬һƤǰɣһôȥĶò˵Щŭ
һ˵˶˵ˣҵĸ˵Ȼģȴ˵Ĺǣ缸СͷңֻҪ˵ʲôһ㶼ᷴԡ


21 ײСŮ
ҼͷһԵһ˽ȥ˵ʵⱲӵһνĹĶú棬òöνҪǿһ۽磬ʶʶĹﵽɶ
֮󣬷ĹҲʮƽڷһЩƿƿ޹ޣЩƿƿ޹޵Ķö඼ˣӦһĹɵġ
ʱСٴθǽ͵ŵĶһ㶼ǰùĶһĹֵֻǮĶĶ󲿷ֶˣЩƿƿ޹޵ĩҲһټʮ꣬ǵҲ˶ǮؼҲóȥ̫ˣҪ˵ĹҲǹɺ޵ģþˣҶһְҵûС
־ǿһԺʵСĹְҵ
⵱Ȼˣǿϵĸ˵ĹҲϵ·ΪϱɣɵҲǱˣһʮֺĳƺУξܲٴ̣ȱپѣר֯һӣڷصĹʣνĹٵö֮ƺڱĹдеĵĹƺԼУξĵĹһ㶼ӣûдҾͲˣɵЩһУξĹһֻȡĹһֵǮĶͷģ鷳ӾͲһˣǵĹһ㶼ǽĹĶϴһգʬ嶼ŹһóȥУξӣ˵ǲأҲУξ˵УξװȣˣװӣЩûõġ
С㳤ƪۣͶأСӲǸӣĻ࣬ǱСû㶮Ļ࣬Ժûˣ㵱£һУξô
Сʮǫ˵ĶЩֻǿϵĸϹأУξ汾µģУԣϿɹǣ¿ѭƾһ˫۾֪ĹʲôطЩҿһ˵¶ҲܸɰźúõĴѧϣû¶˭ȥǸ˵ʹˡ
Ҿôһ˵Сӻˣ߰ɣǳȥղҿĹ֮кйײģǴ󽫾Ӧ档˵ţת߳ңǷŹײĵĹ˹ȥ
Ǽ˽󣬲̫Զ
ʵĹﻹмңһ뵽ﶼˣҲûȥˣһʵԸ⿴Ǵ󽫾ʲôǲǸǱڻϻһ͡
߳ҵʱ־ǿһСС񰡣Ĺﱻڳӣǲ˵һһĹϷӣ
СشҲ˵˭֪ĹˣеĹʱ򶼱˵ʮΰ˴εҲƽ£һĹɵĻ֪ء
˵䣬ǾĹҷŹײĵĵط
ʵһʼʱǶһײģ߽֮󣬲ŷֹײĲֹһǸײĵԱ߻һСײģϵǰ㣬ĹѾˣײҲǴ򿪵ģǹײĸǾͺһԣײĵĹײĸǶˡ
ӴֵľҪǰŹײƣСǰһסɫӣҸ㰡ײʬǧ𶯣ʬпҲ˶ֽţСıײĻظˡ
ӻͷһӣЩŭˣû˵Сô¶ңĹѾˣлأҲ˸ƻˣǹҲԸǰɣ
С͵ӣ治ģЩĹĶŵеĻضᱻƻǸʱǶܵأпܱһЩʩһҪСģܲǾͱĻҪġ
ӻҪ룬ҵֹӣܲͣһСҲΪãҧǺİ
ôһѵ⣬Ӷʱͣ˵СŸģҲҾ͹ȥײﻹûʬ塭
˵ţٴתǸСײ˹ȥ
ΧСײתһȦͻȻסһվͲˡ
ǶܺӿʲôǱ첽˹ȥǼߵСײԱһɵҲһ£СײŵһСŮ֮ǰıڻϿһģһʮ־£Ƥۣƣ˵һٶ꣬ʬӦøˣСŮȴһõļûУž˯һ㣬ʲô
ҸеӾǣڹײŮޣĸĹŮ񣬾һģ̳һɵҵٴμӿ


22 
֮ǰ￴ڻСŮʱСŮǻŵģô󽫾Ҳһ
ѵСŮǴ󽫾ĹŮŮ֮ģزۣ͸󽫾һ
ҶԹʱĹϰһҲ˽⣬һҪСʶ㣬Ӧ֪ŵ
ֿʼڹײСŮһϺõĳУɫѪɫģкÿĻƣ֮ǰӦôźܶصΣΪҿܾȱЩʲôЩرĹŪ˰ɡ
СѾͷҲǿģزˣĴ˻
ܿ죬ҵĿƣٴŲСŮϣԽСŮģԽĹŮǰҼŮرÿ֮òҪ裬Ҳ֪ӹʺˣȢһƯϱʮ˴嶼ҲôһЩ۲ѣ˵Ҳװ׾ģƵģҪȻҲôһÿĹŮ
͵ҿСŮʱͻȻ䷢ЩԾŵһرֵĳζڶŵǹζһģһѰʲôˣСŮƤͻȻ£ҪһŵĵһŲŲһСŮ͵һ۾ֱĿң
СŮǹһĨаȵЦݣһ˫ī۾һڶ˲佫ûҵ˫ȾǶ˵һ㣬Ҳ޷Ųֺ
ڴʱСŮͻȻִӹײ˫ԭ׾СͻȻմѪңͻȻֱĹŮɭɭЦ塭Һ䰡㱧Һòã
ʱ䣬ǹɶٴֱ͸һСѾͷƬôˣԭΪĹѨ֮УͻŹңû뵽ȻһֱײСŮϣҪŻҡ
ܱɣ
һޱŭ˲ֱţڶݵľ֮еֵͳС˹ȥС˫ѪֵСסҵĲӣ˫ȻСҶЩϢˣҲʹ˷ӾˣҲùֱֵûƵĳСԴϴ
ϵʵ̫ˣЩϢϵҲԽԽСоҪʹȥʱͻȻһʹһˤ˵ϡ
ˤ֮󣬲ϵ˫ͻȻͲˣϢĸоȻ޴棬ĴϢ˼ڣͻȻһ˴죬̧ͷʱ򣬾ͿסСĲӣС񣬲үģǰɣҲ㣡
СĲӣվ־ǿ־ǿһƿӣӵԴϾ˹ȥ
ǴƿӦ飬һ£Ҳ˵ϣС׷־ǿ
ʲôһת۵Ĺһȫ
Դӵʱ־ǿҺСŸ磬ûУǼˣСҲǣס
С۾﷢Ұһ˻׷־ǿܡ
ܿ죬Ҿͷֱˣ־ǿǱȽѵģС϶⡣
£Ҷ˵ֱӾͳС˹ȥһſϣڵأСƽʱһĶˣȴҲ֪ΪΣҽڵϣƴһȻЩβסҺã־ǿæѹס˫ȣؿڣһֻסĲӣϾӣǽһࡣ
Ӵȥ֮СͻȻҵĶһ£ȥ
ȻСűҴĺ׵ӣһãȻĿңʵСŸ硭Ҹʲô
˵Ҵʲôղʲô㲻֪𣿡ʵ
Сϸһ£üͷ˵ûʲôѽҸղžվڹײԿСŮʬأô˵ϡ
һ˵ͻȻҲ԰ղҲڿײǸСŮҼǵСŮͻȻĹŮȻסҵĲӡ
뵽ҾֵתͷĴȥȴǸСŮӰʲôǺһʧˡ
ɿסСӵ֣ҴվʱҲӵԭԴϾѪ־ǿôƿһ£ԴϵѪľ͸ˣһ߲ϵѪһ˵ôˡôˡղ˭ڴңֹôݵİӵԴһֱѪһ»ò˻ˡ


23 ֵζ
ӺСķӦ뵽Լղŵʧ״̬־ǿղ˵ǶˣԲŻղľٶ
ղҾʲô
ǹײСŮͻȻĹŮӹײסҵĲӣղҷֵȥԴֵûСԴϣӵϣѪԴ֪Ǳҵģղ־ǿǴƿ˵ҲԴǴﲻЧ
ȻȴС֣⵹пԭ֮м϶Դӵ֪һĹ֮һֱ˳ߵ㶫Сһļһȴ
ǣӱ֮СֿʼҶ֣ЩϳССӸղϵ󣬸ͷСţƵģƽСƵ壬һ˴˸ϢģǸղȴҪ־ǿһܽƷ
Ǽ˵Уֻ־ǿһ˱ȽѣҺԼС񶼱ۣ׷׶ֱԷأղҪ־ǿн룬֮͵Ҳпȫ
ղŵ֣ʲôأ
ӻ߶߶˵ûֱ꣬ͳС˹ȥŭŭʵղǲң
Сҡͷ˵ҴʲôƻûѰɣ
㡭
ӻߴ䣬Һֹסˣ±ˣ˵ˣղЩʧˣҲ֪Ϊξͻ־ǿһ˱ȽѣҪڶ
ʧ
ӺСȫɻĿҡ
־ǿʵ־ǿղžʲô˵˵
־ǿһۣŵղǼߵǸײԱߣһﶼǸײСŮʱҿСŮʱ򣬾͸оСŮرĹŮûţûҶ࿴ȥתˣҸ뿪ûãҲ֪ΪɶǼ˾ʹסСĲӣһ򣬺СŸҲˣֱֵͲȥӵԴҺ˼Ǵˣ˭ҲǾʹӶƿӣǸСŸһӣڵأСŸ֪ˣӣһƷС񡭡
־ǿĽͣ˶
ҸղΪײСͻȻסҵĲӲŶ֣ΪʲôСأ
ʣұӣӸҽ͵ղšղҲ֪ôģҸղȥСŮûʲôֵǮĶСǲãңҵʱҲ֪ôˣɱǾʹ
СҸղſӴӹײһԪŻȥýԪҵԴҵʱһȣҲܲˣҲɱͲ֪ˡ
ͳǸײСŮϣǶСŮʱȽϳпܣСŮʲôܹԻãɱ־ǿʱȽ϶̣ûܵԻԾġ
ҽҵķ˵˴һһﶼһĬСűҴĺ׵գСŸ˵Ĳûпܣʱķʩ廨ţҸղŻ֮ǰǸСײŵһӹŹֵζЩȳŷ˷裬뵼Ǿʧ׾ǹζǹײ֮ζɢ˳ǲš
ҵ졭Ҳֲ̫ˡҲ̫ţȵһЩܿӾ̾
Сôһ˵ͻȻһղҲƺŵǹȳζſŮӹײô˵һжζĻþ
ͬʱһ飬ڽĹ棬ҲŵֵζſһңѵҿĹҲǻþһȫǱþԻסˣ
ϸһ룬ͻȻЩײĹôŵֵζأǵʱСŮӹײ˳˽Ĺ桭
뷨һͬʱҲ̫ôˡ
ʶģǼСײԶһܵСŮԻ
ʱҲſӵֵ磬ʱڵϣֵ̫ˣһϣˤ򣬾Ȼ
һ˹ȥֵ־ǿ־ǿֵģ治һĺá
־ǿٺЦѧʱӴѧǸģһε48СʱãһΪǴţأû뵽ǹãһٶû׻


24 һ߸ʬ
ֵţҿһֱѾ賿ˣٹһСʱͻʱ򣬱ʲô»Ұƶ¶ˣֻҪһǼ͵취ȥطһӶ
ڣǸŹζǼ˳ֻþ飬ҲǼ˵Ĳ²⣬һôйأԣǱҪܳȥԷһ
ڿˣĹʵûʲôÿģŪʲô۶ӳҺ־ǿûбԻסҪȻǼ˶ҿҲϹתˣϽصǸڴôȥ¡Ҹ˵
С־ǿ۵ȻûʲôƺЩ⣬Ͱ͵˵СŸ磬ﻹûôؾҪ߰תת£ǹײĴ󽫾ʲôǻûأѵ棿
ãٿСûˣСǲǻǹײƱأĹ֪˵˼ˣʣµƬûɶÿģҹǹײֻʣһѹͷˣϽ߰ɣĥˡûĴߴٵ
ӻЩĵ˵֮ǰһǹײĴ󽫾ɲһû峯Ĵ󽫾ʲôء
һܾСӣǿǿѪӣЩģԥһ£˵Ǻðɡֻһۣϻ
һ˿ڣʱֵƨƨߵģҪܹȥʱ־ǿСҲҪոֹȥ
ʵôһ˵ҲνĽĹǸСŮֻһǣǻǴײĽˣһۣЩ˵ȥ
£ұԸһȱż⿴ҪǶҪǧǸղסˣɣӣ־ǿҺСȥһۣϾֵǿ
飬һﶼûֻڴߴٵСŸ磬ǿһ㰡
֪ˣＱʲôǾһۣϾͻ
˵ţҺСͻǴŹײĵԱߣС֮ǰı֮󣬲ҿǹײ̫һֱҺ棬ǹײһ׵ĵطͣ濴˹ȥֻǹײһʬ壬ȷе˵һ߸ʬǷɵһ㣬Ƥݣȧ͹Ƥֳһֺںɫ滹вٰߵ㣬ҲǺڵģʬ徹Ȼûиãֻһ߸ʬĹķˮǲġ
⽫ϴĹٷõĲˣֻһ˫ѥӿȥǱԵʣ󽫾ֵǮĶȫѹһգֻһ߹ǼܰһƤѣԶûбڻϻĴ󽫾ͦΣʵûʲôÿģҺСֻۣ߿ˣҶԲԶץ˵ˡûɶÿģӣǿɡ
͵Ȳˣ־ǿæǰߵ˹ײԱߣҺС˺վ˲Զĵطǡ
ͻȻ䣬һ飬ѧʶԨСС˵֮ǰĹӦҲСŮĹײĿˣЩĹûпܸһԻסȻɱ
С˼Ƭ̣ŵ˵׼ҪĹЩררҵڵУξһ¶СϣΪУξıǴʱھʹģĹʲôգŶ壬еʱ򻹴ŷߵĹϲУЩеСëԵ棬˵ܹҵ⽫ĹʲôطҲһˣУξӸɵġ
˼ĵ˵ͷһһͻȻ뵽ôƵأ
ǲǾ͸ɵУξе
ԽԽǾÿԺܴȣһֱصģƵһֱǸգȫ˶֪Ҳ˵⼸ͻȻͱ˶С¥ȢϱǮ·εĺܣĹǸ¸ҵӹĹóһõȥǶǼ۸񲻷Ƶģҵȴܹĸ˵ǵԭ
ΣݴĶϺ˵һŲҰһ֮ǰͷһˣһǼˣϺûǶϺȴΨϵ붭Ϻ棬ƵʱǸոմͷĹҾǵڵĹöϺϳԼԲŻڡ
һ˼·оȫȷʮ߰˾ǸɵĵĹӪ벻ͨǣһŲҰԭ򵽵ʲôأ


25 ʬˣ
ڿǸʲôӪʱͻȻ־ǿͺһӣ㿴ͿˣѪôˡ
ҿϹײİָͷиָ϶Ǯ־ǿ߶߶ȸǮ϶һݡ
˵ţһ߾־Ǵ󽫾ʬ֣һֺˣæС˹ȥҶӵӣ¶ˣʬҶǵøϽߣۿҪˡ
⻰˵ЩˣѾǴ󽫾ɰͰ͵ָߣǴ󽫾ϵָأղһûע⣬󽫾ϻһָ
ǰָƺǴ󽫾ϴʮοʹ˳̵ҲûܽǰָߣʬӹײﳶӵԴ˲һֱѪֹԴϵѪһһεĵǸʬϣЩǸʬԴϡ
ڴʱҺͻȻǴ󽫾ʬ嶯һ£ץŵֻɰͰ͵֣Ҳ֪ǲۻˣ˲䣬һʮֲõԤϮͷ
Ȼ䣬ҶӴӣɿǾʬ壬
һҧڽǰָӸʬָͷקҺٺЦˣˣϹײİӻǿţңʵ˰ɡ
˵ţӻǰָϲ˲䣬۾ЩŹ⣬̧ͷ˵СŸ磬ɶżæŵģϹײİӻܻɡ
⻰û˵꣬ҵ۾ֱĿǾ߸ʬ˵ӴǾ߸ʬϽָʬӦɻȥǣ鲢ûеǾ߸ʬڹײһ
Ƭ֮ǸʬͻȻͳһɫë
ҵѾЩˣæеӡ־ǿǿܰʬϳëˡ
ûǻƵĺӺ־ǿɻĳȥһҪҲһתۼĹǸʬϾͳһ㳤İëӾҵĻζ
֡ʬˡ־ǿҺһͷͳ˹
ҲŵɫĻƬ̵ĵ飬Ҳ˹
úõһʬ壬ǿʱʲô鶼ûУΪʲôƫƫӺ־ǿȥʱͻȻͳëأ
ѵӸղߣϵİָԵʣ
ϹײİӲʮգŷʬ䣬Ҫｫİָ
ôҲ̫˰ɣ
ô˵Ǵ󽫾ʬˣҪֻܸϽܣĹѨȥҪǴ󽫾ҧĹѨ֮ˣ
ĸŵ۴УûƵĳųڵķ񱼶ȥ
ڱܵͬʱһͷǴ󽫾һۣǴ󽫾ϵİëѾϳӹײվ﷢һ˻ƵĺرĳҰ޵Ľʮֲֿ
ŵȶӶˣһŻأҲֻﺦ£꣬Ĵ󽫾ʬˣӦñ˽ʬ⽩ʬɲ飬Ҫ׷ˣſھҧǻ˵ģ
⵨ӴĶųģ˵Ǽһˣһŵǿ޵ûǻˡ
ƫƫʱŵЩ޴룬֪Ĺʲôˤһſ
־ǿСŷˣûע⵽ˤˡ
һаҲܶԼֵһ˻æ۷˻ȥӸżʵСû¶ɣ𣿡
涵˵СŸ硭ִˣҶԲһ
˵ЩиƨãϽܰɣ˵ţ̧ͷǽʬһۣǽʬѾӹײ˳׷߶ء
⽩ʬͷһؼǰڵϿΪƭ˵أԭǰʬӰʱûжˣǵֱһ߽ʬʱеĿ־ʱ޷ġ
⽩ʬһ֮±Զ˫ϵָϳҲ˼˶ǿžʮֲֿҪһܻʲô³÷ַӾͱ˺Ƭ
ûĳǰܣȡ⽩ʬԽԶԽãǽʬٶʵ̫ˣһ֮ԶǺüˣƵʮֿ죬Һʹ˳̵ȴǱơ
գۼĹǾ߽ʬѾˣƺŵһȳζӺϮ϶ʱоһ顣
УǲܣĻ˵ҪҪһס߽ʬһȡܵʱ䣬Ǿ˭أ


26 ëʬ
һͷͻȻһ
һһֱǣҪ˾Ʒ裬ҲҹͷϡŹֵ飬øʬʬ䣬СӾס
ҪҲСΪǳġ
תһ룬뷨Щƫô˵ҲҴСһ𳤴ĸǣֵƵģôιʬԼȥأ
˶˽һ棬ֻǶٵ⡣ݵ˼붷֮ҾԸʬԼжôΰֻǲԸҵֵҵǰ⵱ģһٰһأܻܲͿǵ컯ˣ˴һһȪ·ϻиġ
뵽һƿӣ󺰵ӣܣҵ裬һչ˺ˣҪȻұɹҲŹǣ
˵գתͳһԵĶ˹ȥҿǶ֮лвĴܹ֮⣬ʵҲʲôԸʬĶˡ
һ߳Ŷһ߶Ǿ߽ʬȵ󽫾үҧӰүء
һٶƳȥӵʱɵˣСӴĿСŸ硭ȥǸɶһ֪ܰôǽʬ
Ͻܣɵվˣ취ȥ˹˵䣬Ѿ˶ңҽҵͬʱͷһۣǾ߽ʬת˷򣬳׷˹
л̿ޱȣͬʱ˶ĶûӦ˰ɣͻȻ仹һССʧУĵֵֵأһȥǼȴͷܣҵ
ҲãҵֵܣҲرֻҪһܹһҲ
㰲οԼ
ɲǼ䣬ǽʬѾ˶ҵſڣӴſڶһʵʵ
һʼʱҿڹײûожôߴ󣬵һͣףһİëĿһֿҪϢѹȸС
Ϊ󽫾廹ڳء
ǣ󽫾ʬ֮ű˸ߴ
˼ʱǽʬ͵һ¾˽ҵſײϴһڣоͿеһƴ
붼û룬ֱһ߹ޣֱӳǽʬ˹ȥ
áꡱһѵ죬߹ҵķ۷飬ǽʬʲô¶ûУͣһ¶ûУֱӳ˹
𡭡
ǽʬһƺЯһȳ֮ӭƾʮϵүүѧ֣һ˳һ߹ޣǽʬĺ˹ȥ
ǰһ㣬߹Ӧ飬ǽʬȴ˿ûˣ׼ŭˣſ˴ٴγ
ңܹôʮƽҶ㶼ûеط㣬ƾԼֻ죬ĶǽʬĹ˳ֳһӣǽʬ˹ȥ
ӶĹѨһټʮˣѾ࣬ǽʬĸƵģߣ⽩ʬͭǽڣһĶκβǸһıҲѽ⽩ʬˡ
ô죿
ѵҪ⽫ĹһûȢϱأЩȡģǺҲˣֻҧ⽩ʬƴˡ
ǽʬҼԽԽŭһֱ˻ţĴﲻϵȳճҺٶȶȻӿ˼֣˫ָ׵˫ҺɨĹҶһӣǿֲ
ұ⽩ʬһ·ȵǽûٶˣʱǽʬֳ˹ͻȻǰĽʬӰǵӰ˵ʬϹӣκζƾζ˵ķλģֻҪϿڱǲǽʬͻоĴڣֵ֮ʣҾѧŵӰݵӣס˿ڱǲϣǽʬҪҲźá
Ǽ㣬ǽʬǳ˹˫־ͳҵӺɨ˹
走Ӱ϶ƭ˵ģΪɶҶˣǽʬ
£ȻǽֱӰҪǽʬĸ첲ȥȻܵ⽫ĿռȽϴ󣬷ӵĿռȽϴһЩǽʬٶʵ̫ˣҸûüܿͱǽʬĸ첲ɨ˺ϣоľǱһͿײϣҾú󱳴һʹ֪߹ǶûУӾͷſڵǽײ˹ȥ


27 Ϊƴ
ӱǰëʬһײҽڿն𣬳ǰǵǽײ˹ȥϵүүѧʮĹҵķӦеģ֪ҵֱײǽϣ϶ԽӶײ⽩ʬʵǴľˡ
Ǻڰ֮оͽ˫ֺǰסԼԴ֮䣬ҵ˫־ײĹ֮ϣŲԴӡ
һʼʱҶûоֻۣǾ˫ֵģԴҲͷתθһ˵ĶĸУĻڵֵ֮˫ֲŴһʹоǶϵһסһƺߡ
˿̸˲ϵʹΪ֪һ߽ʬ̼Ҫɥڴ˴
ţҴӵĹڶײ˼ѺۣСģһ¿϶ײɢˡ
֮󣬻۵ҪĸоһŴ㳯ſȥȳ˵һʼѡд󣬲ҵģֽţʱﶼûж룬ǹ̶˼άҵһʲֲеǰҸ˴ܵʱǾ͵ȡģɶɶҺԵһǳҪ飬ôԵһ߽ʬʮŴƬ׷Ҷ£ϾзأëʬǸ⣬һѳǹӦҲãûͲƲס
Ҹվûǽʬܿ췴תֻһ󲽾͵ǰǹȳζ̫ˣӾκζһѬһ˳ǽʬһ֣ͳҵĲӴ˹ʶ͵һף˫ʮָ׵˫ִͷƤϲ˹ȥҵͷʱһĺëվҪǸղһҵԴƾͱȥ
̫ˡ
ˡһ죬ղվŵǸطͱǽʬ˫һһ˫ȫ쵽ǽǱߡ
ΣŵǸεѣ⽩ʬ̫ˣֲ̫ˣ˳Ƭһ
ǽʬûн˫ִǽæĳſڵķȥ
ֻǸٴδһ죬ûһͷȥͱһϣӽһٴε˵ϣǶҵϣ۵ҶˣһͷȥʱٴŵĻ겻壬ҵĸǽʬûн˫ִǽϰγǽһǽƵˣֹǧƵǽһҵϡ
ǽʬƵǽֱ֮ӳ˹ʱҵӱǽѹ棬ã£޼£ǳˣϷGameOver˻һΣҵСû˾ͳ׵GameOverˡ
һΣǽʬֻһ£͵ҵߣͷų˰ëͷҿһۣĴﲻϵĵȳճҺҵǰƺʮŭ﷢һҰް˻ٴڿն𣬾ͳҵĺ󱳲
ǽʬôһǲҵĺϣýҵ
룬ˡһο϶ˣӲܶǾǰϵ⣬Žʬ׸
ȻҾͱĿɣҧ۾˫ıסԴȴٵһ̡
ҸձסԴۡһ죬źʲôҵĺϣȺģǽʬһʮֲֿ˻
ҵƬ̣ǽʬһ˫Ųûвҵĺϡ
۾һǽʬϲ֪ãȻðһŪŪİǴ죬һ迪ˮһ
ҿǽʬ֪ʲô
ʱͻȻһֻסҵĸ첲һҸҪһϤ˵СŸ磬ߣҽ
һǰˣĿ޳վǰ˾ȻӣһʼʱΪСӸС־ǿأᾹȻðΣ˻ʵижһůȻôֵܣΪֵ߲嵶
ȻжȴղŲСôֻˣΣգϽ߰ɣ
ӻûüػܿӰֳҵǰǷֱסҵĸ첲ó˳̵Ҵӵǽ˳
ȻС־ǿ
ôҲŹˣⲻǺ𣿡ŭ
СŸ磬ɶҲ˵ˣΪǵʬҲΪƴԼǻǲˣô־ǿЩȻ˵
ůʢͻȻýʬôˣղֵˣֵã


28 ͯ
־ǿļ򣬻ͷһǻðֱ۵Ľʬɻ˭ôͣʬܶԸˣղǳǽʬӵɶûˣ
־ǿһЦһԵӿһۣ˵ɶͯ¡
ҲݣҴһԭղһ󱳵ĶȻ˵ôȺġ
𡭡
û䳯飬ǽʬϵİͻȻʧˣһ˫ѪĴ۾ٴγ߿˹һΣٴΰεضĸ߸Զֻһ¾ǻԶ
Ǳ⽩ʬˣæһܰ
˵ţҰȿ񱼣ʱ־ǿһסң˵СŸ磬£ﻹͯء
תͷһ־ǿӵƤñӣñ滹вҺʱ
־ǿǽʬүģӵͯඡ
˵գӿñӾͷ˳ȥȫΣǽʬð̣ƵĻ־ǿӵñӶȥʧ׼ͷȻûǽʬϣֱӲĴȸͷ˹ȥ
һ⻹˵ãæ󺰵ܰ
ŷӦȫҵ󣬳񱼶ȥٶȾܹϵ裬һŵǴ󺰴УûǻգۼĹĸ˾ܵĹҵĳڡ
ܵĹҵſڵʱͻȻͣתͷһĹҵĴţġ
ܹȥʱæŸˣֵܹһһ˵Ǿܳȥء
ҹϴŵʱѾܳȥʮԶҲ׷˹ȥһ·񱼡
ܳȥûãŷһ죬Ǳǽʬײˣŵܵĸ죬ܿ׷ˡ
ǰһǸղŵǸط۵꣬һ̧ͷͷϵǸڣһֳ߿
СŴ˵ССŸ硭û·ˣǡզ죿
ǰû·ˣզأһʱҲ²ȥǺǾ߰ëʬѾ׷ѾӰ
ǴһĹǣҲֻ⣬վ˵ߣͷǾ߲ϱƽĽʬͻȻһ˵˭򣬸ϽһݣӦһǽʬ˵
Ӻ־ǿҡͷ־ǿ˵ˣղӺһһݡ
תͷССһ˼˵ҵ򲻹á
Ϊɶһʵ
ΪѾͯˡź֮ǰҺŮСݡСС˵
ðޣå
СôһѧԣʵͽһˣԭɧȻ˵еһ˴֮ļһǰûСһˡ
˰ɡɡ˵ţұҪѿ򣬵ȴСŸ硭ˣǽʬϾ͹ˣ
һͷһǽʬǻʮԶӹƾҪˣˣˣӾͲͯˡ
£ҹ˵ֵǣһ߽ʬôһһϣյģ
Ȼ⻰˵ĺûе⽩ʬжԼǰԵ˵ĸʮֱҲⶫĶ֣ҲԴУкܶʬǣúѾˣϵĶĻ˳ִӵϼһȹǣҵ붼û룬һͳǽʬȥ
߰͸ϰֺүүϰ䣬˵Ҳʮֱ꣬Ǽǿˣ⽩ʬȻһܹеģǴȹǾͳŽʬ˹ȥ
Ǵȹһǽʬ첲ϣʬûɶ¶ҵЩ飬ղˣǽʬǺ𣬻צӾͳҵ˹һͷǹӽҵǽʬĿݵһˣǸͨˣһȹǴȥƾҪˣ⽩ʬǸнʬ֪һжܲá
ܿˣ׺ݵһƺǲãѵ⽩ʬĵҲǹ룿
ɻ䣬ǽʬ͵ĳǰһؿڶҵϣҾ͸оԴһְ壬ײͷۻ˳ȥǽʬٴԾֻһֵҵߣ͵һ˵ſȳĴҪҵĲӣһ̣һǵҪ˳־ͽеĴȹǳĴﵷ˹ȥ
ǽʬΪҧˣҧסǸȹǲţʱҲŸֹͷ׷


29 
ŵĺҲһȹǣСúˣ⼸úһӺֱǴȹǳǽʬźݺݵ˹ȥ
Ҿۡһ죬еĴȹӦϣӿжϳصĴȹǶʱɵˣоҵĸԹԣôӲԴ
ͳæǽʬӵ˳Ӽ򲻶ֱ͵һ˾ſǽʬĺϣҪѹס⽩ʬ
Ӹո⽩ʬĺϣ־ǿСҲ˹Ⱥſӵϣ˵޺һŪĸһƵģǽʬûôȴµѹ졣
Ҳȥѹ־ǿϵʱǽʬͻȻһƺȻ䵯𣬽ϵֱ˦˳ȥĴ䣬ˤһǽʬֱųԼ˹ȥײĹϣԴûһõطˣһײѪֹԴҲЩκˣǽʬߣȻһӦûС
һӿ϶Сæǽʬ˹ȥһѾ;סǽʬĴӡ
峯ĹԱŴӵģܳһʹ˳̵޷ק⽩ʬͷ޶һѣǽʬһѾץסӵļ򣬽˶ſҪȥҧӵĲӡ
ǽʬʮָף絶ƬһֳֺһץסӵļӵͷһɱĲҺΪʮָ׶̽϶۵Ҫ
ۿǽʬҪҧסӵĲˣʱ־ǿͻȻ֣һͷǽʬߣǽʬĴһεҧס˹ͷһ£ǽʬ׵ŭˣ־ͽ˳ȥצֳ־ǿɨ˳ȥ־ǿ׷Ӧ˰ģǷָ׻ĸ첲ʱѪע־ǿǽʬɨ˳ȥҲص˵ϡ
Сǻĺܣһֱס⽩ʬıӲţеһͷǽʬƹһץסǽʬĴӡ
ǽʬǶˣֱԭһȥԶҺС񶼷صʱҺСûվȽŸֱӾſ˵ϡ
ʱǽʬŷǣ̧һžͽС߷˳ȥתֳ˹⽩ʬȫӲ޷ȴ磬ϵҵĽһӾǽʬϣצƵϣ⽩ʬ޷ȫĹؽڶģסû㣬Ҳץңͣķŭ˻ȳճҺϵĵҵϣеճҺƺһָʴãճҺ䵽ĵطʱһžǴʹһ㣬۵ֱæŲӣĺ֮ϣıʼҧҡ
ɼ㣬⽩ʬзԸңͻȻȥĹײȥû뵽⽩ʬ龢ҪҼѹ
ǽʬҿҪײĹϵʱһһԣǽʬĺصײĹ֮ϣҸоĹ΢΢ζ̫ˣղһıϣƳӶܼ
ǽʬһˣ΢ͣƬֳ׷˹תܣһСһأæһѣܰʰ
ҸСǽʬʹһ˹СһĨ֣һѾͽƵһԣǽʬһצӾСĺϣѪ۾ʹˣܴź£⽩ʬצҲ׾ٵӳ
СҲһҽУſ˵ϣ۵ֱҸϽܡ
һСģ۾ʱͺˣĽʬҲү
һţҾͳǽʬĺ˹ȥǰһ⽩ʬһְ壬ٴνҵ˳ȥ˼һƨ˵ϣ˳־ͽСǱ˹ȥ
̶̵һӣĸ϶ˣصһͻȻ䣬һ֮УоеŬǰ԰ףһжͽͣô
⽩ʬ˭κβὫɱֻʱ⡣
ʱ䣬ңһĴӵվǽʬǰðɣѡһôɱҰɡ
վڵһǽʬٴγԾһޱȵ򶨣
ǽʬֻһ¾ҵߣһ˫צһӾץҵ˫֮ϣǷָ״˺£ҵ棬ۣ̹ǵۣһ̣ǽʬ͸ſѪһҧסҵĲ˰ɡ


30 ΪҵѪ
̹ǵʹ˲ѣѵҾǰ߰ëʬҧ
вʣҲȥ
Ǿ߽ʬſȳĴ죬ҵĲҧʱͻȻͷӦ˹žʹץסǽʬ°ͣĴ쿿ҵĲӡ
СŸ磡
ҵ˺ü˵ľ֮־ǿģҲСģǼѵĴӵ߿ٵıҪңǾ߽ʬ̫ˣҵ˫ָ޷ֹȳĴ쳯ҵĲӿ
ǽʬҵĲӻвʮ׵ʱ򣬷ǳֵͷˣǽʬץסҼ˫ͻȻðһŨҵỊ̇Ѭ죬ȻǽʬһҺŽҸ˳ȥԼҲ˳ȥƺʮηҡ
ôʲô
صˤڵϣˤȫĹͷƺɢ˼ܣԴٴͷĿѣ׵׷ʲô飬˽ҴӵŶڵķ˹ȥתͷȥҵ˾־ǿС
һֱϵǸڵ·дĿһѣ
ղĺգһҾͱǽʬҧˣһԼȫѪҺ⽩ʬ⣬һ˸ɵģЩ
СŸ硭ղŸʲôأôվһűʬҧأ־ǿʵ
Ҳ֪λشһȫˣ֪վ⽩ʬ֮£ĿһЩۻվһȥ
ͻȻ˹һĲһкܶ鶼ûоһеҪչˣô죿
Ҳ֪һҵų黹ûеһҾѾˡ
ڵǾ߽ʬıֹˣ˲Ҿ˹ӵϱǽʬץ˼Ѫӣɼǣһ۵ҪأϵʹҲ˲ˡ
վ־ǿСҲֱվҵߣжŹͷ˳ֻݸһѴȹǣҿͽС
С˵أԴѪֹһѪ«ˣǽʬǼ˹ҲŴӵ˳У˫һֱڴʱԵڵصӡ
ǣǻǲôңһҲҪϹײİһƤһһϣ
ҵ۾˲ͺˣɱеĹͷյĿ졣
СŸģ֪үǵѪҲôúȵģڵҲ־ǿҲһɺˣ֪Ϊ̫ŻǼԵʡ
ǽʬգ۱㵽һͷһǽʬ˹ȥû뵽ǣһΣǽʬƺʮ־ңûгɱǳһ߶㿪ˣֱҺ־ǿСǡ
ʲôôо⽩ʬеأ
˲䣬Ҿͽղŷһ飬һʼʱ⽩ʬҪҵãһֱûеóѣֱһΣǽʬץסҵļָ״̽ҵȻǽʬͻȻһҽУ˫֮ðһỤ̋Ž׷˳ȥȻԼֺˣǸʱ˵ңҲ˵
ô˵أеĹؼʲôط
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻඥˣҵԭˣΪҵѪ
ΪָҵļѪȾָϣָײŻð̣ȻŵĽҸ˳ȥ
ҵѪܹ˵Ľʬ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪһһеԵʣ
԰Ӻ־ǿҲǴУǽʬҲͬӳ˺˿ڣΪʲôһ㷴ӦûУƫƫҵѪԽʬпã
һô벻ͨһ֤һ£ǽʬƿң־ǿС˹ȥģҽϱӵƲ·˺˺ôһӣ˿¶˳˿ںѪðѪҳһ·մ˿ѪǸ۾ͱˣȴҲֻҧţƬ֮ҽմȾҵѪƲͳǽʬĺ˹ȥ
ǽʬҵľ벢ԶƲһ¾ǽʬĺϡ
漣ˡ
ǽʬĺ϶ʱðһỤ̋˵ϣ˳ŻһĲҺ
ţɶǣҵѪܹƽʬ˶ʮ꣬һͷһ֪ҵѪֹܡ
ǽʬ˵ڵ֮󣬻鴤Ƶģ־ǿСøƴļˣ⽫˵ڵضʱɵۣ㶵Ŀǽʬ֪ʲô顣


31 ˣ
ҺܿߵߣʮϲĸߴһֵǣòҵŽʬİ취ˣҵѪá
ղ㽫⽩ʬſµģ־ǿһ˼ʵ
˭ҰմҵѪĽʬǿӻءָǽʬߵİ˵
˵ĿٴοǾ߽ʬԣҵİӡ
СŸ磬ɶǣǶ⽩ʬӵѪģҲûԼѪðΪʲôѪܶԸʬǵĲأСɻ
ң˭ȥҳıǺÿɡҸоõ
ޣõȴͬĻش
Ǽ˵٩֮ʣǲֹĽʬͻȻһִӵϵ﷢һƺ𣬽ٴγ˹
Ǽ˶һæȥѪֻһС⽩ʬһСǿֲ̫ˡ
Ҳˣǽʬң˵ǰԺ˵һ°ԺҲܴʬˣ⽩ʬңǶ󡣡
һΣһﶼ̣ȫ׷׶ҵĸƵģſ˫ֵǰ档
ǽʬ˹ҲȷǲңȥˣվһһΣϴһǽʬȷʵңۿҵǰ˻ȥĴУǲǰһ
ҵӴǽʬϹײİӣͦ͵ôбҧҰүģ
ǽʬȲѪòͣ˻Ƭ֮ƵҵĲ棬Ҫҵ־ǿǣ죬գۼ͵ҵĲ棬ҸûзӦˣ֪˭Ҫ꣬ǽʬ˫Ÿһأðһ̣˳ȥ
һΣҲûԼѪôðأ
һ£̧ͷ˿죬׹ˣղǽʬŵĵضֱ˽֪⽩ʬ͹֮ĶӦö¹⣬⽩ʬһٶ궼ڵص£һ䣬ܵˣ
뵽һ㣬æֵֵǣһϢˣ
Ǽһʱ䶼ûзӦС˵СŸ磬Ƕ֪ˣӺϢиëϵ
㱿ˣйӶս⽩ʬ¹⣬˵ǲǺϢС
⻰һڣ˶ʱϲЦտԳһһθоܹҸһ顣
ǰˣʬүģб
ǽʬӵĻ˵Ǵүģбǹ
ôģɵӲŹȥ
һﶼվйĵطǧȥý𹿰ȦãǽʬţȣҲҼ⣬һĺٴζ˵
˰ҵķԸȫ˶ڹŵĵطֻϧǶСһЩܹսĹ̫ˣֻһƽôһأȫһ
һ£ǽʬֻվڹĵطŭ𣬲ǰһ
㱣գǱһϵĽиʱûûһطǲ۵ġ
ʱҲŷ֣Сһֱû˵˵صһԴײأҲǽʬӳ˺üѪ̱ڵϣ˶ˡ
ҺӺüתͷңɽȥЩɢˡ
ӣû¶ɣܳŵס𣿡ҹе
ʱˡеͷΡػص
˵ͬʱϻϵЩմȾ˲Ѫ
С־ǿҲ˵ĲᣬȫǽʬӵѪģ˲Ѫһиȫ˵ϣһ鶼ȥʹࡣ
ʵ⼸˵񾭱һ˲ᣬҴСϰ䣬׳ȻۣһⶼûУҵڻЩܣ̫ŵԵʡ
ҽҲ˵ϡ
ǵԱߣǾ߽ʬϵ˻𣬲Ҳû˶ĶߣҲ𲻵κвҲͲٹ
أЪϢƬ̣Ǽ˶Ĭǽʬ˻֮⣬һжô
ôֲһҹľһجΣڻج֮УһֱûûǾ߽ʬΧȥĻһΡ
̫ʵˣһ۾ʲôûзǾ־ǿļȫǺȹľƿ
Ƭ̧֮ͷ˿ͷϵĶڣ̫ôˣôȥһ¶


32 ޺
ҿͷϵǸڳʱСͻȻ̾Ϣһ˵ѽǾô߽ʬүɺţ˿զ찡
һﾪˣ⻰ŵǶһ飬ǰȵٴ֮Ǿûκ̣ҵѪãҲֻһʱ̣ҵѪˣҲһһﻹҪ⽩ʬɱˡ
־ǿ̧ͷ˿ͷϵǸڣŵʱһݣ̾ϢҿǼǳȥˣⶴôߣȥͷֵطǼҪ֮⣬û˸ҽǺɤҲûá
˵ľǴʵ˵ǰ˸ͷĻǿ϶û¶ʱ򣬿ҵŲҰһ֪Դͷͷ˭ܵǻǲô
СƺЩģ˵Ǹ˵һһӴ˹أɵȱֻĸҺһԣϯ˼˵ʵǼΨһ׼
˵ţС̧ͷ˫״ŶڳɤӴһʮӣɤӶˣ˵ˣӰӶûУգСǷˣһƨ˵ϡ
ôʵĲа취ɡ־ǿ
ʱһֱ˰ͻȻС˵һ취֪ɲУǻһԡ
⻰һڣʱǼ˵Ȥæʲô⣬Ͻ˵ԡ
˵ǿԵ޺һվ棬Ȼڶ˲ļȥȻһһһ϶ڣĸֻҪܳȥһ˾оˣͷĲݣһֵĲһȥ
һ˵Ǽ˶˾񣬰ĿǰⲻʧΪһõİ취ĸˣһҲһ߶࣬һ˵ҲҰɣܹŶڡ
ö˵ɾ͸ɡ
һǳøɵĻơ
Ϊɶأ
ΪһҪѡΪ׳ʵһܳܵס˵أ˵ǷͬСɣһҲһٶʮأ˼İٽҪôǿһ˲֧ס˵أ
ƽʱôһĸ˸ˣһҲǽƣԼվŶȶӴ˭ܹ֧ס˵ѹڼϣ
ȣӵصһܲȥһ¶϶档
ʣµľֻҺ־ǿСˡ
ǺϼƳһѡ־ǿԸµɣվ棡
УСӿ϶ŲסС񶼲УɣѧޣӶôܳ˵ɣҴС䣬ǿ׳Ӧûɶ⡣ҶȻ
ʵһʼ飬ҾȷѡֻңΪĸ˵Уҵһʮͣʵʱ
СŸ硭ļǽʬץˣǶȥ򻹲òˣҪɣҵں󱳣ܳŵסС˵
㣬СݵĸƵģ˵ˣһ㶼ſ£һˣ¶ôˣ
ҲٷֱĻᣬվͳǽ˹ȥ˫ſǽ֮ϣֱкɣϽģһɸĵˣղǾ͸ûȥˡ
ҲǴʵ̫ʱƻ᲻Ųʱ峿յڣǻһЩʱ
һҲ֪ʱ˭ûІ£ҵȴЩ̡
գ־ǿҵļ˵СŸ磬ֵģԺ׸磡
ϻˣһͬʱ򣬾ѾֵˣϽϣٴδߴٵ
־ǿ˵ͷСӵİ£ܿҵļ򣬵־ǿ˫ȲҼϵʱҵ˿֮ϣ۵ҵһƺߣĵۣȶЩˣҪҧͦţԼһҪסʮӵʱ䣬ǾӳȥˣʱǾܹȵĹСӡ
־ǿȥ֮СӣСļ򣬵˵ʩϵʱ򣬼ϵʹѾľˣϵ˿¿ѣѪ˳·һֱʪ˿ܣһֱ˵ϡ
ۣҪۣҵݶҧˣ˫ȲסĴѾ΢΢һ͹˵ϡ
˫ķסǽڣǽڷֵһЩϵָϵ࣬ĵ˵ϣָ׶۳Ѫ
һҺ󱳵ӣ۵Ŀһۣ۾ˣ˵СŸ磬סǺܿӳȥˡ


33 
Ӹ˵ʱѾ۵˵ˣؿڱһʱҪڵϵĸоüѣϵѪܶҪѿĸоСӾͱϻˣϽȥ˵ٵһҾļֲסˡ
ҺãСӲûĥ䣬ܿſҵĺȥͻȻ͸ӼƵģĸ˵޺ǸѶȵĶƽʱҲҪüβܳɹһﶼ֪ʱ䵢鲻ã쳣СĽû˴ҵϵ
ſϵʱ˰ʮһһĴÿһȥҲһɵĻƣĸ˴Сһ޺Ҳǵһˣûĸ˵޺ʱҲˡ
Ҳҵļϵʱ򣬽İٽѹ壬ҵȶѾĲʹˣ˫ŶȳӣϵĴʹ۵ֲҺôһ˶в̣ټȥˣһ˵ϼ縺ٿҲҧţĺһϵĺˮѪˮһ𣬽ҵ·ȫʪˡ
ôһ˲䣬ĲʹˣϾǱһɽϵ˿۵ȥͷҪɢˡ
һڶ߲ͣĸңһҪסټһ˶ӳ죬뿪Ƿ֮ء
ҧֿ֣ڶ֮ѾָĥƣѪ˳˫ʡ
ϵС־ǿƺ֪ЩܣҲͬһ˫Ҳ˶֮ϣŬĽֵһЩҸоѹûиղǰˡ
Ǿ߽ʬһֱҵΧȥŹߵƶǾ߽ʬҲԽԽоʱҪϵĸо֪ҵѪƺ߽ʬſƵãﻹûе˶԰ϻӣԱ˵ˣѱģǿһȻߣеǸ־Ҳ޷ġ
嶼ڳž޴ѹʱٱıԵ
˲֪жãҸоȴһǰˣΪǾҪþˣеŬ׷ѣȴ˵һܲõϢ˵Ŷڻа׶ߣϲȥ
Ϣ֮ǼͬؿڵǿҲֲסң˫ȵʱ͹˵ϣԴ˶ڣϵһŴϵȫˤ˵ϡ
˲ͷת۵ĺڴʱȫһɣƣоȫһһ̥߰һһĸо
ûҴϢʱ˼УԭӺСˤ˹ղĵطǾŻĽʬܿǵߣ˹ȥһҪȥæҺ־ǿӦļʱֱקסСӵ˫ȣ˹ܹյķΧ֮ڡ
Ǿ߽ʬ˫צһߣʱðһ̣˻ٴ˵Ӱ֮С
һٴԭء
ֵһôڣҪֳ֪㾳أҾƴҲҪƷקֱһجΣֻǲ֪جʲôʱ
˶۵ѣ˭Ҳ˲˭ˣȫڵϺĴ
һӰƵϢ
֪˶ã־ǿͻȻЦЦ֮ǾЦЦͿˣһ߿һ˵ĳȥˣû뵽ҾȻʺĵطû뵽һ±ҵȥһ߽ʬ˺Ƭȫʬ¡
СҲԳЦһ£˵ǰҵԶ󱧸ûʵأȥǲİ
С˵ұһˣС˭˶ĻţСӲ붼Ѿ˴֮ǼСӵֶûأ㻹˼˵ǻײǽȥ
һ˵նʱûǰˣһԵ־ǿӶˣӺǰԵʵСҵ˰òÿƬûУСӵͦʵҪ¶˭֪Ůء
СɫЩΣ˼˵ϳžأ˭֪ôͻȻƷ裬ҹķҪܵͷҶûü˵
ЩӲ㲻ҲϸӷҪһҪ˵Ů飬ҲͷϾסСùݵϸˡ


34 עϸ
һ˵ϸڣʱ˵Ȥ֮ˣǰǾұĽֱӺԲơ
־ǿҲԵʴ𣺡С񣬽췴ǶҪˣ˵˵СӵǵʱסСùݶʲô飿ӺòÿƤײף
־ǿֱȻؿڵλãŵʵ󲻴ȥʲôо
СбڶϣԶǹһĨҸζ΢ЦƬ̣ŵӽʫϷˣĺˮ飬Ǵѧͬѧһģʶĵطͼݣһ飬һ죬ܺãϣŰɫȹȥһʹÿҿĿˮ˳̲ס磬õǱҲ͸Ǳ顭
СǺһİʷ꣬־ǿʹĻߴٵСӱ˵ЩûõģϽ˵ص㣬Сùݷ飬ʱ䲻ˣ͵һء
Ϊһˣһʮͷϴ˵ҲʮֺСùݷ飬һ¶Ƚͨ˵ɧＱĸʲôƵģҲ˼ߴ٣־ǿҵ»Ͻ˶һһֶŹ˭ôȥ⣬ȹ˶˵
ȻСЩŤ󣬱Ͼ˽⣬ʵǲõڽһɢ̹۾ע£Щ˼˵ɤӣ˵ꡭźٵʱͻȻظðյĺҾʹȥҽԺ룬˭֪صѧУʱѾˣǶȥǾѧУһСùסǿһ䷿йŮһңһʱûסԡ
үСܲ˵صˣǹעϸڣ㶮ϸڣǿһ飡ͷѪˣһС¶ʱ˾񣬸˷ܼƵġ
СӣѸٵһĨɫŤ˵ô˵ءƤ滬ְףţƵģǡҲСճĴͷƵġ
һǼϴеĹӶ˳ֱ޷һӺ־ǿʿˮ
Ⱥåޣ治Ҫ
ǣݺݵһĭͬʱ룬Ĵͷǵö󰡡
ٴκݺݵһĭ֮󣬽ʵС磬ܲٽһ㣿پϸһðʲô¶˵˵
СˡҪ˵Щʲôʱһŭ˻ٴǶŵ˶һ飬ղֻСЩˣȫǾ߽ʬԺʱƣ־ǿİӾʹӰ֮УǽʬҲ֪ʲôʱģſ˫־ͳ־ǿĲ˹
־ǿһӾͱǽʬתͳһ˳ȥ
ǿӣ
Ǽ˾ͳǽʬ׷˹ȥ־ǿ󺰴Уš
ǽʬٶȺܿ죬һӾʧӰ֮УҲ˲ϵʹûһ׷ȥ
һ࣬ǽʬͻȻͣſѪڣͳ־ǿĲҧȥ
ۿ־ǿҪҧʱͻȻǣһȥǽʬĺϡ
ҼϵѪ˺ö࣬·ʪˣҸһסǽʬĺ󱳣ǽʬ϶ʱðһ̣ɢһɸõζ
ԭҪҧ־ǿĴҲͣһ½־ǿ˳ȥҲ˦һԡ
ʬϾ͸һ迪ˮƵģðỤ̋βֹ
æӵδ־ǿĲٴγ˼ѪǲѪͣ
־ǿû¶ɣҼ
־ǿŵĻ˿ԶǾ߽ʬֿ˿ң촽˵ûû¶һû
ʱӺСҲϵҷס־ǿ
һĹǾ߽ʬٴδӵٴ˹
һ˵ǰ˵־ǿ˺⽩ʬϵѪҵһ
СŸ磬СˡС˵
ҵ˵ͷûлػ˺ĽŲͬʱҽϽȾѪһţǽʬҵߣҪȴ֪ã˻ȥҽ
ĺܺҵѪմȾѪ·ҴһˣҵѪ׸˵ѪʲôͬΪʲôʬηЩѪأ


35 ѻˮ
ǰ⽩ʬңҴѪ¶£ȷھԲٹˣǲŹǣֻҪлᣬŹ
ǽʬһתͷȥʱ򣬷ַ˸ղŵƬйŵĵط
Ҳ⽩ʬүţһ߻һ߾⽩ʬҲߵ˹ܹյĵط˻һ
Ǿ߽ʬһƤҩƵĸ˹ǻǸһҿйĵط
־ǿϼˣ˽˹ŵķΧ֮ڣѪӵһԣߵ־ǿߣɨһֶۣ˼ѪﻹڰңҿǽʬץĲĲӣҪȻСûˡ
ǿӣܳŵס𣿡ҹеʵ
־ǿЩɢ֪ǸղŵĻңϣѾˣ̧ͷһۣ˵аɣһʱˣ尾ղžǽʬҧһء
ǿӣһ̣˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô˵Ǿӳȥءûеİο
ˣСŸ磬Ψһܻ˾㣬ǽʬ㣬Ƕ֮ⶴϼ죬˵˻ҵطϾһûлȥˣ˾ԣҹֻһҪ󣬾ҵ裬ǶֵܣҵԺ󶼰æſŵҲֵһ־ǿǳ׵ˣȻ˵ⷬ
뷨ҲûпܣǴʮϳģϻмڴϷ̻֪ǳĸˣһ춼ûлȥ˿϶ңܲҵͷһˡ
ӺС־ǿ˵ҲȫңСҲ۾˵ǰ־ǿ˵ĶԣһڣȼǼ˵ĵɶҪչˡ
˵СƬֵ̣һ飬Ҫи㣬ԺпյĻ͵ѧУʫѧˣڼȢϱҰɡ
˵˵ţС۾Ҳˣžžյĵ
ǽµӣÿһ仰ǵһҵӣһıӿұһᣬ͵˳ָǼ˵ôĸҾһڻأ˵˾ҵǱһͷɥģҿɸǣǵԺȥԼôɲ׷棬Լĵ軹֪ôأǸʲôʫҪǳȥͳ˱˵ŮˣΪ⣬Ҳûųȥ
ⷬûʲôôҵģԻŲκλˣҲ˵һ仰
ʱҷһֱܳĬҵĿ⿴ʱԴͷĶڿȥһ˼ģ
ڳĬ˴ҵĹ⾰ͻȻͷ۾˳ĬѹֵգͻȻ˵뵽һȥİ취һ벻
˻һǵĿٴοӣСû˵ˣͱˣղ۵Ĵһûȥʡɡ
־ǿǶ˵⻰֮Աǣ
һ֪ӳĵʲô⣬һȥأ
ֻ֮һĻᣬҶԡ
ӣ˵˵Ǿܳȥءæ˵
ɤӣɷнµ˵˵֮ǰȸǽһ£һ£ҪȻⲻˡ
ҲҪ£С£ʲôʱˣ
⵹˵ȤȫԴתܺһжûҵļһﶼʲôϡĹ³
Ӻظе˵ǰһֻѻϷѽɣͻȻڿˣˮÿһôһƿӣǸƿװ˴ƿˮأѻ첻ȥѻ뵽һ취һԵСʯӣŽǸƿƿˮǸߣˮǵƿڵʱѻܹȵˮˣȱˮѻķաڵķ衭
ӽһ£˶Ȧˡ
۵Сۣ֪ӵڸʲôá
Ҳݣ
ʱҾһҪ˵ĳ嶯ôСѧģѻˮĹô˭ô֪
ӳûҵ˼У͵úúƾ̣ҲͽѻˮˮƽĹˡ
־ǿʱͻˣŭ˵ӣӳǰɣ㽲һѻˮĹµɶ˼ø缸ǲǰɣǲǾø粻Ҵ㣿


36 ϣĸо
˵ţ־ǿͻλƵվҪȥץӵӣæ˵żһû˵أ˵ٶҲ١
˵ƨǲҪǽһСӵĹ£ҿСӾǷʰˡ־ǿһѾ;סӵ졣
ӿͰ͵˵缸ûˣǵ˼Ҹ˵ѻˮĹУһܹӳķҸ˵ҪǲãôҶɣιʬû
־ǿɿӽ̣꣬һܳʲô⡣
־ǿɿӣӺٺһЦ̧ͷ˿ͷĶڣֿ˿Ķڣ˵ѻˮƿװʯӣղǲǵ޺ȥһôʱҷŶڻа׶ߣȻ̣ǻϲȥ뵽ûУֳɵʯӰܵĶϿǶǽϵѻһ׶ߵС£ȻСŸȥٵһ޺ֻҪ׶ߣǾȥˡ
Ӱѻ˵꣬ĸٴδ۵С۵Ļ࿴һۣ̲סһϲ־ǿһѾͱסӣϺݺݵڣļ˵аӣСѧûϣĶõһֻʵԲסˣӣղǸǲԣҸⲻˣֱɽĴǰΪ缸ıҸ
־ǿһӼ˵飬ĵҲȷһЩ۵죬һ֮Ӳſȥ־ǿϵĿˮ˵ǣ̸أͿҵʱûúѧҪȻ廪󻹲
Խ˵ԽţˣСǲ䡣
ҺСҲ˵Щ㵸׷׿ţȣֱ̫ţˣôİǱ죬ôû뵽ѻˮĹأ
Ǽ˷һʱһƬܹųȥˣϣĸоôãֻҪܻųȥʲôҸ
Ҹһ֮󣬴һﶼûţӳϣǰһһɾʮ㣬˭Ҳˣ˫ܵĶⶴʪ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰һѡ
ĸŪƽˣֱַϲȥѲȵĽʵһЩ⵽ʱ򻬣ˤǾǰˡ
Ѷ˴Լһ׸ߣҾûǲΪԷһһЭһЩоʱ򣬾ͣڵɵЦ
̫Ҹˣһ뵽ܻųȥǸͱˣȸղССùݵ黹Ҫ˷ܡ
ЪϢƬ֮Ǳ׼һεĵ޺
ղվ棬δȥ
ֻãһϵһЩѪ˲٣ҲСˣ浣Լܲܳŵסһ뵽ܹܿųȥҲֻҧӲˡ
׼ȥʱһǱȽϵǾһܱȥĽʬһңһҲϲȥؼǣͷǹѾתˣѾƫ˶ڵ·òһЩ
뵽ұ㽫ϵǼѪȫ˺ˣһһİҵܣǽʬҵѪôҾѪΧһȦֹסǽʬңһʧˡ
һж׼֮ǼٴվȺܣ衣
Ҹ˴ǣĻˣҶҪסΪؼһֻҪҧͦסˣһƬأǶԻؼ˯һˣ
ؼ˯ඣ˷ܵĴţĸ˱һ𣬱˴˸Է
֮ϣ˫ٴηסǽ棬˵ϽΣɡ
һﶼûƬ̵ĳɣ־ǿСӵİҵļ
˿ٴαѹ̹ǵۣҧͦţ߶ûкһƵ·㶼֪ԼǱô£ȻۣϣǣţһǾϳ
СҲҵļϣ˵ٴβѹ壬ŵµݣֻݽȥ幫֡
ҲȥʱѾҡҡ׹ˣĸĥÿ죬˫Ĵʹ۵ȥÿһˣ־ǿ˵ˣŸһˣһˣ۵̲סһҺ
ټһֻڼһǾȥˣؿڱһ˵һ죬ǿжȥˣӵͻڵϡ


37 Ƿ
ӷ˺ôˣִʵĵʱڳһ̧ͷȥϰѾſ˶ϣжʱϲѡ
ȻʱͻȻһҲݣʲô
仰û˵꣬Ҿ洫һ֨֨еӣȻӵĲҽȻʱҵѾ˼ޣ˫ȲͣĴӣ֧Ųסһ֮˵ϡ
ϴһһȫڵأˤһ䣬ǽʬٴŻҪˤץסҺҷӦļʱ־ǿС˹ǽʬٴȥ
˶۵ˣ˭Ҳ˲ôϢһ׷̧ͷŶڵķȥΪ洫ӲҵĽ˭Ҳ֪ʲô״
Ӿ͹ڶڵϣϲȥҲӿ϶Ҫƴȥ֣ܸоʲôڶӶ֡
Ƭ֮ͻȻһһֻһȻӶڵıԵקһӽ˶ڣǼæ㿪һصˤ˵ϣǼèһС֮󣬲ûˤǻ˻ԴܿӵΧܵ졣
˶һǰȻһǣֻǵĸͷҲ̫һЩղûпֻǾøͷЩǼèϸһһɱȼèˣ۾̶С͵ģź⣬ʮ׶
ӣƺǶ֡
ʱ붼û룬ֱӷһţͳǴĻ˹ȥǻһ±һţӺݺݵײڶϣֻڱѪȻֻλƵվ첽ȥֲһţĻǲų׵͸Ӳͣľ
ӵĲҽɲҡǶԿڷһѾȥ
ʱлڶȥĳ˺ҧȥѪ߰ߵ֮ϣմѪ޻Ӷϵ
ȺôڶڣϮӣ
֪ǵĵһ㶼Сŵתͷܣôҧأ
ҿղűֻǣжʱһĨ壬ǵĸͷʵĪǳɾô
뵽̧ͷٴοӣʵӡʲô
ֻƴܴҲ֪жٻΧ۵һֱҽУȴǴӦҲݣɶҡҸյ˶ڣʮڶڵأףҧҡӵĶˡҲݣ
ƴȺǼڶ漱ץֻ̾ﲻʲôæ
ӣסȥǣˣһȺĻǣ־ǿҧгݵ˵
ҲݡˣӸƴˣ
һεĴһһ˶ڣǼ˶ʱһڻȥˣ˳һȺ׼Ļأ
벻ףȺΪʲôҪϮӣأ
һֱ֨֨ĴӵŭǶ͸ӸƵģ浣ӻʲô⣬ڶǣǲݵˣòȥһô滹ôأ
үǳĸԣĽࡣ
絶ʣ۰Ͱ͵ŶڣҴһ£ŶĶԼʮҵĹ⾰ǡ֨֨еƺСһЩֹһͻȻͰ
һƬš
̫ˡ
ҵһûסӡôˣ
ҺС־ǿҲ˺ң滹һƬţû˻Ӧǡ
Ȼ䣬һž޴Ӱ˲ǣҿ־ǿСһĨš
Ӳ˰ɣ
ʮֻǸҧˣ
һԼӶڷﶴⶼĿ¡
ֵ˺һûκλӦ
־ǿһĭתͷңСŸ硭ӲᱻЩǸҧ˰ɣ
ҿһ־ǿС񣬹˵ʮֻʲôµģһͷһ˵лҧˣˣſЪء
Сҡҡͷ˱ֻǣµ˵ǰһĻҧˣôĻǾ˵ˣǻ˶ʮ꣬˭ͷôĻǣ
⻰˵һ飬ǰǵĸͷһҧϣ˺ôһ⣬ҧڴϣǿ϶ˡ


38 ѪĲ
ɵ㶵վ棬̧ͷͷȥһʱЩĻң֪ôˡ
ȥкһˣдͷʼǰʮӣܹЩǡ֨֨ĽڼӲҵİǺһͻȻͰʲôûˡ
ȻԼôӲǹײСŮԻִܹӽʬĴ֮ôܱʮֻǸҧأ
治ǲţҲţǵҿֻĴ֮뷨Щᶨˣǵĸͷ̫ˣȼèƺͨ࣬һֻҧϣһʲôĸоһھܳһⰡ
οԵĲһֻǣʮֻ
ʮֻƽʱʱ򣬻ܹԸˣĸ˸ʬƴĹ֮У˵أԴѪֹҲץ˺öѪѪ˲٣ٱȺΧǳ붼롣
վ˺һСͻȻʹ˳Ĭ˵һﶼģҾӦû¶ӼȻѾȥˣŵϣͦģҾɵĸЩƴ֮󣬾ˣ˹ǣ˵ǲǣ
Сһ˵Һ־ǿʱ;࣬С˵ԭŶȻͦߵģȥ֮󣬿϶ȺǿȻ򲻹ˣʱ϶ʮΣӾûиü˵һ˭ʮֻ׷ҧܵҲƵģпԭ
򲻹ܣӦûᶮãѻˮСӣӦѲס
ҲԸˣԶٻҲܽǸҧˡ
ǵֵܣ˭ϣ
ǶҰο±࣬ӿ϶ǻȥˣŴСʱ·̣֮ǰ϶ܸϻǳȥӿ϶Ҳ֪ܵȵڣһӱ޵Ĵ˹
ĹǻӿЦ˵ղǸѻˮĹ£˵ҲСѧ꼶
˵Щʱ˵ı鶼ȻЦҲЩΣʵﶼڵǣѾˣֻ˭ҽܰˡ
ֹȥ˰СʱͻȻٴͷͷǸССĶڣָӵͷƣÿ˶Լ¡
һ־ǿͻȻһָŶڵķ򺰵Ҳݣǿǲô
ҺСæ˳־ǿָķȥʱҲɴ۾һѪԵس˶ڣֻ¶˰ǸѪԴһֱڲͣĻζţһһŶŲ
ǸԴȫ¶˳ʱҲϳǸȷʵӡ
ѪƺҲһÿŲһ¶쳣ѡ
ӣҳǸӰһ̣аٸн˵һ飬ţʲôҪ
־ǿСҲڴ֣ȻӺʲôûһ㣬ӻڻŲƬ֮һֻѪ֣ץһһѾǲûĲݱƵֵͦһ֮ϼȫѪȾˣӵԴڵѪһһε˶λҵϣġ
Ĳһҵ۾ͺˣӷᣬ䡣
ӣôһ쵰Ϊʲôأ
ܵﺰ˹ǣƫƫûܡ
һ£־ﲻԣϵ˺أֱôΧпܣʱѾܲˣֿǿûе£ŸŪһ
ٴ̧ͷӵʱ򣬷ӾſڶڣѾһˣ֪ǻ˹ȥǡ
뵽ֲˡ
æߴ־ǿС˵죡ȥû¶ǸϽ͵ҽԺȥɣҶϺһȥ
һﶼӵİΣҲûن£Сץ˵ǸմѪĲžžյһֱͣʹקһ֮󣬷ֻܽʵ𣬾ǶڵıԵһȴϸĻӿ϶ǽһͷ˨ǿϡ
Сͦʵģһ˵û⡣
Ұ¶˵һ£ŷСץסǲͿʼ׶ߵټǼ϶ˣҲһʮּѵ飬Ŭʮ֮Сһ˶ڡ


39 
Сȥ֮󣬸˲ϴϢƬ̣ͽӾͷ˹ʼ쿴ĺҺ־ǿ̧ͷϿＱû𼱻ǣûסСôû¶ɣ
СɫЩ˵оϢ΢ˣ϶ҪҽԺٵһʱϾˣǸϽɡ
һС˵֪ʮأҲҵ飬ȥҽԺһӣӵСƾҪˡ
־ǿ֮ǰȥģһҪϺʱ̷Ǿ߽ʬҧ֮ǰڶڵıԵҴѪȫˣŪһһķֲΧǽʬɵҵѪһʱҿ
ǽʬһֱڷŭ˻𣬲֪ǲΪǼҪȥԵʣоԽԽ٣ѪȲˣԲűӱ꣬һʱҪ˹ӡ
־ǿһʱǽʬ̲סˣһӾͳ˹ֻǸһֵķΧ֮ڣϾٴðһỤ̋жʱһɸõĳζѬͷǡ
ڰе־ǿ̲סҿһۣСŸ磬ҿǽʬҪˣСһ
֪ˣңֻҪҲȥˣûɶ⣬ɣӹƿŲסˡҼ
־ǿûٴ𻰣ĳȥʱСҲƴקסһĹ֮־ǿҲȥ
ֵҵʱҵĪЩǾǴϵĽʬүаٸн走Ҫȥˣ
ĿһǾ߽ʬһץסմѪĲȥ
С־ǿһæƴĽԣ϶һ
ҽżʵĵ棬Щʿʱ˵ĳ졣
һҹôĶǣĸˣ
һֻĸоôͷһӶڶΡ
ҴɨһⶴΧĻ߰˸ǵʬ壬ǸͷľˣЩȸղŵֻǵĸͷҪЩǹƾӸղŴģ󣬸ղһѪսôЩǸģǻǺ˵ʬм俴һմѪľǴЩǵ
һۻȥӣ̽һıϢһ֮̽£жʱһӵϢȷʮ΢ˣһгûĸоУȥҽԺ
ϵ˿ںܶ࣬ǽʬӵ֮⣬ԴҲѪֹһǱҧģϺ˵ȫѪӣɫļⷭ棬һûţ϶ǻˡ
ȣϻǺһЩҿǶ죬ũֲǳһůһﶼĺܺ޿㣬㣬ϵҲˣƬƬѪ޻¶棬Щطֱӱ˺ˣܹһѪ˺ۣ̫ôˣսҲûôҵġ
ѪƵСٲȥҽԺСӲҲŹ֡
ӵ״۵һһεģһޣСӶ⸱ģˣ˴СʱŪһĲԭҶСϷͷЩԹһ̣ȫ߽ˡ
ôֵܣΪԼֵܿԲҪˣһܶʲôԹأ
£ҾС־ǿİ£ӱ㳯Ŵܡ
ֻҸһתͻȻһ飬ǸǲҪϣһǱʬɱˣ
˵طһû˹ɱиһһ޴壬˶޹֮ɥ
뵽ͻȻͣѻԹȥӽ̸־ǿ˵ȱӵһеһ׷ǡ
С־ǿһ㶣־ǿʵСŸ磬㻹ɶ¶ϵҲᣬһȥҽԺɡ
ҵ취ǸڶϣһǸ϶ᱻǽʬҧȱߣҲӾ׷ǡ
¶ȷʵЩأһ߽ʬŪ˶鷳Ƕ֪鲢ǶϷֻ˵ŪϽȥǾͱһ·СųŴӵķ˹ȥ
ǰŸߣҾٴǸԱߣվһȻǽʬȴܹҰһĵͺûбɱ⽩ʬȴа취ˡ
ĴɨһۣⶴڵĲԶһʯͷ߹ȥһһϵĹҲ֪ʲôµĶʯСסûɶ⡣


40 
붼û룬ҾͰʯһѱסŲڣһ֮£ͻȻ;͵һٴδһɾʹջǵģһʱ䣬һֱڼȽ״̬ϵʹ񴥶˿ڣ֪жۡ
һ˼ӣٴʹ˻žʹǰʯһһεߵ˶ڴʯ棬˵Сպʣýⶴµܲ͸磬ǽʬĺˡ
һ¾۵һĹϴϢ˼ڣž滺һЩʱһವĴ˹ҵʹһսһļƤ
ʱҵڶʱΪ˶ԸǾ߽ʬүѾ鲼ϾʹһѪëº£ôһжˡ
䵽ǲ£ؼЪҸоܣ쳣ƣ룬ƤЩ˺ˣﵹͷ˯һ
֪ҽҲ˲Ѫһֱۣ߶Ƚһϣһʱ˶ˡ
ҪȥʱҵӣΣҪ͵ҽԺУûɣһЪš
뵽𽥾Щ뵽ĸоʱһɨգվһ½Ӳֽš
Ҫתߵʱҵ۽ǵƺһŻɫӰһζͷͣ˼£ԣʲô
תͷǻɫӰֵĵطȥһƬĲݴУ¶˼Դֱĳ߿˹ǼֻͷܴĻǣУһͷǳĺ֣ԴһǻɫëһǰɫëֻҲͷһμ
ֻɫĻ۾߿˫̶һС۾֮к䣬վȺɫĻ֮Եʮۣƺһִ˵۾һһֳ֮Уһǵߡ
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ũһƬһ˵ɣ׳ƺƣףңֱǺ꣬ǣߣ⬣ǿɵĴڣԣũϰײСҰޡ
ǻǣֳƤӣ֮бǿһһͻļݣǰҾ˵˴һֻǣǻڼ֮󣬾ͽеļѼ춼ҧˣⶫô⣬ͰѪҧļݣȫɰͰ͵ģûһˮ֣ɹɵһ㡣
⻹صģ˵ǻ˻ǽƼˣ˵ļſڸϵڶ죬Ҳһ˵ڷϣΪʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪˵ŻееĴɣһҪǱƼˣײ鷳ҸղڽĹһֻƤӣǸƤӽӣ޿ɴȥˣһ뵽еĸֹڻƤӵĴ˵󱳾ð磬ϲҵҼڶҾ͹˷ϣĲ岻ɣ
ֻŪһֻǣӸݣֱӴֻ߰ҪǸң
Ȼ䣬ͻȻһ飬ͷӵʱ򣬸սͷûã͸окö˫۾ڶңתͷʱһƬĵ⣬Щĵ۾пܱЩƤӡ
ЩƤӸĹǾ߽ʬܳʲôϵҸоЩţ༰Ҹ벻ͨǣҴûôǹⶫΪʲôƤͷأ
ղŻҧǸӣƺӾǳµҪ˼úһӺƾЩƤӵˡ
һʱ䣬ʸͷȴһ飬Ҳһͷ
벻ͨͲҪٶˣⲢûʲôãүҪҲûа취
ķ紵ҵϣҲٴδһ£תͷʱǰѾûС־ǿӰѾߵĺԶˡ
һͷٴοһЩƤʧķ򣬴󲽵ľͳǵķ׷˹ȥ
֪ģЩǣܾͷû꣬϶ЩŹֵڵǡ
һ·Сţҳ־ǿǵķ׷˹ȥǰһӵʱ䣬ڰɽ־ǿǵӰ˵Ҳͦأһɽ൱ģ˲һеıɽӰҵıֿʼˣˮһ


41 һ
ܿ죬Ҿ׷־ǿСѾ۵Ŀ߲ˣҴСϽӹȥӵʱС񵱼Ե˵ϣ۵ĺֱɫѾҰˡ
־ǿҲҡҡλεģ˫ֱһôֱӻȥ
СŸ硭־ǿȥɡʵڡʵ߲ˣЪЪһ˵ţ־ǿͱ۾Ҫ˯
ұӣͳ־ǿƨһţУȫôϽȻȥ˵˭˯ˣ˵ţһܵСߣƨ˼ţСѾƤӲֱҸˡ
̫ˣҺǣΪҸһڳĥ
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οǣҲοԼ
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һҶ߲ͣĻţվûϳ˵˭̫ˣ̫ˣЪЪúõ˯һ˭Ҫҡ
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С־ǿҲǾ߽ʬץס˲ӣһǵѪ
Ҵ󺰴УһеĳǾ߽ʬ˹ȥҪǽʬƴʱͻȻһȺǵ˰ϣǶסҵȥ·һֻưƤëĴǣվǰ棬ָЩǳҷ˽ʮֻǷһƴ˺ҧţҾȻһ֮ûУҿһֻҧҵĶ䣬˺ҵ·ڿҧҵ⣬ֻưɫĴЦ˵ɱҵĺӣҪĸһ
ǻưɫĻһӾͳ˹ſھҧסҵĲӣҵĴҧˣѪӿֻưɫǵĿС
ҿֻ͵۾̹⣬䣬һĨŪζ
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ͷĲһΣȷȷʵʵˣҪȻϵģ
ˣʲôطǶȥˣ


42 ֢໤
뵽Щ֮ҵ˼ʱ糱ˮһӿҳûϷһУһ˲ҵӣײСŮŰëĽʬлưɫĻǣԼѪ߰ߵǡ
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תͷһۣһʱ;ôҸţֿˣϻбҸô
ſ˵ЩʲôһſڲŷɤƵģȻһ仰Ҳ˵һһֵ
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43 漣
ұҪѻһʮֿŵĻѻҪȻ
ǸȻҲܸ߱ˣܱˣ϶ҪǸҲ˵ЩΣգǵ֪˵нʬҲᱻɳɵĹӣɾʹˣĹΪʮֶӣһһ㶼Ҫиʮģȵʱ򱻷ųһӲͻˡ
ʱĸ˿϶ٿĪ磬ǲ˵һڳֵ飬һ˵ֻ˵ǲСĵǸ˭Ļأ
һ˵ǶﻹпԭĸڲʱȫһϹҲ
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˵֮ϰϰһ˵ʮǰͷǲ٣ǰЩ궼ˣû뵽ЩֳȺ¶ͬСɣֶթĺܣҪȺǸҪȻ֪ж˱Ǹˡ
ϰҵĻҲһĽʬ飬治ܸἰ
ϰֻҪһЩʱһŰ״ӵŮʿС˹ȥҶʱͳһƺоǳֵ˵ô˰
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⻰˵Сʿɫһ죬æҡ˵ҵ˼ˣҵ˼˵һһֱȻԣΪҲû뵽ѵô졭
ʱҲϸСʿƯģƤף۾һʿһƷջĸоСȥ˵ģԵмֿɰ
˵ţСʿߵߣóһ¼ƣҷҧţֿʼ쿴ϵ˿ڣԽСʿԽǾ棬ɵý˫ˮĴ۾ɵĸˣСţֱ̫˼ˡ
ôˣСѾͷôһһէģһʵ
ǵȵȣϽҽ˵ţСʿתͳ˳ȥһСƵġ
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뵽Щ̻Ȼ뵽ұʬˣ᲻ʬȾҵϣֻǲ֪ڵҽܲܰʬȥ뵽Ҹӿ־ˡ
Ƭ֮Сʿһʮҽ˹Сʿһһ߻ҽ˵ʲôҽҲһʮɻӡ
ܿ죬ҽߵҵߣ¶ȼƴ˳һ֮󣬾ֳſҵƤ˳ֿ˿ϵ˿ڣҡͷ˵漣漣


44 ǿ޸
һ˶סˣ裬ЩˣæʵҽҼҺӾզˣǲ˵ĺء
ҽȴ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ˵ǶģСõĺܣһⶼûУָĳĿ죬ҽʮ꣬ͷһοָܹôġ
ҽ˵һϰɫҲࡣ
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һ㶣ҽɻܰʲôæ
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45 ĺ
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46 
ڿСŮվǰҾֻһƵľʱҵԴ䡱һҪըһĺëһ亹һ˲ͲȫҲǸղǸүһ㣬Ǳסˣֻܷ졣
Ҫ˵ǰСŮξͻþĻôһξԲǣôģҶܹоСŮϴıϢ־壡ޱ޼ʵĿ־ǳˮһ㽫ûŵѾʧҲκ죬ֻܵɴ۾ֱĸСŮӣСŮЦˣЦޱգҪһ˵ĸоͻȻƯһƶŲ԰ֽСҵ֮ϡ
һǼ䣬СŮɫͱˣʺѪŲ԰׵ݺύһ̸ɲſС죬ҵһϢҵ϶ʱһűǰ㺮䣬ʶ˲ģˡ
СŮǽĹǸСײŮŮ֮겻ɢסңѾֲˣҵʶıģҺоʲôҵ̫Ѩ棬Ҳˡ
͵ҽҪԵһɲ䣬ͻȻ䷢顱һ챻ˡ
֣һĵƽһӰһζҸڲ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ҵľΪ֮һֻ˯ĸоȻһգҲ˼㣬ص˲֮ϡ
ͷȥʱǸźµСŮѾӰ֪ȥ
ˣǻˣ
ҽҽղǸ˼үûϢæȥȥҽˣӦүӵĶӣиʮ꣬ղŵʱ򣬼һ棬Ӧ㻤ġ
Ƭ֮󣬲ϡﻩӿһȺҽղǸҽҲ˲ʼүӼȣ˹ǵֶϣյĽûнүӴӹŹ
үӵԼҲһļүסԺԭǼѪ˨ֲǰ˸Ӷ򲻵һģү֮ǰûಡʷ
Ψһԭ򣬹Ҳֻ֪үǱģղſ϶ҲǸվҲϵСŮҪȻô˵ĺ桭
ǰղһûвʲôүȷֵģҲǸź·Ů
ҵﲻЩүӺпܾҺģΪǸź·ŮұģһүӸˡ
ǸŮΪʲôҪұأ
òƸ֮ǰ޳ԹѲɾΪȥһ˽ĹΪðԲҪҹأ
СѾͷƬҲ̫СǼ˰ɣ
ͻȻ䣬뵽һҵĲǸɰŮǲǸź·ŮʲôϵأΪʲôŮײǸСŮ񡭡벻ԽԽǺ¡
Ǹղű˼ϸˣʼޣһ߿ޣһ߼˵ҲáҲðղҾȥһ˲һͿҰһ˫۾ղҪǲȥ˼һͲˡ
˵ţ꺺ӿʼԼǰƳϣҸо͸һ۵һһεġ
Ǽҽס꺺ӣο䣬лʿðױסүӵ
ҳүӿȥү˶ûб۾ɵϴϴģȻĿڰײסʱƺүӵɫˣЦһ£ЦݸеǸŮһģһŵĻһ飬ʹ۾ȥʱүѾײˡ
ˡҿҪĥˣΪͷһоǽˣû뵽ԶԶյĽǸĹСŮԩţǺá
㶵ڴϣŸղŷһĻʵ̫㤣ڻ¡
ʱһֻͻȻҵļϣһ飬æתͷʱȴһһֵ̿Ŀҡ
ԭǸղǸСʿ
㡭û°ɡǲǸղŵŵˡСʵ
ҵ˵ͷҡҡͷҲ֪˵ʲôãͷңҲµҪµ֮СŮֻسҵǰ
ʱͻȻ֣ҵĶͷϣֺůҶͷʱͻȻ;̤ʵһЩ


47 
ܿ죬־˻ȥ˵ղ϶Ż˰ɣȫǺ龭ҽԺ﷢һʼʱҲ£ǰûö˶˵һˣתۼˣʱ䳤ˣҾͲôˡ
΢Щŵҵ̤ʵ˲٣ʵղүͻȻ˲ûŵңŵҵǸղǸͻȻߵĺŮԭӦúö˶˵ڹײţͻȻͳҵĴߣܽܵˣСʿİοңҲ˼¶Ż˵¶Ҹ˵ҲûãҲš
ǣҵ˵ͷ˵ǰղȷʵŵˡ
ַŽ¶ͷһۣü΢ͻȻ˵㲱ôѪˣôŪģ
һѪδɣŪһѪµĲУõģⲱϵѪǸղǺŮôʱһΪΣԭⶼģǺŮסҵĲӡ
¶Ҿ͸˵ˣֻѵԼӵģղžòرʹӣˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҵһ£ܿ˹ȥٴλʱˮʼҲϸͿĨͿˮʱôʱҺ֮ľֻм֣ܹŵͷϴˮζ£ÿüëһ˫Ĵ۾ģرˡ
޲õʱʹȥһڵĸоסˣһ鲻ԽٻһӣЩòʧˡ
ܿ죬ͿĨҩˮٴζ㲱˿ϵʱɵģԺǧҪˣһȾ˾Ͳˡ
ͷӦֿЦ˵ʵܲզ죿
С죬û˵Ͳһ
ðɣҾЦŶ
ҺúϢһ£˵бҪæ¶ֱе壬ҲӦ
תҪߣһЩ᲻ãǺһ˵ιСãڼˣ
תͷңֿ̧һֱ˵룬ܿҪˣҲ°ˣô¶
ҡҡͷ˵û¶Ҿôһʡ
ͻȻָ̧ǽϵһС˵ǲǱô㲻Լô
ҺٺһЦ˵ղûע⣬֪ˡ
һۣתҪߣͻȻʲô飬ʵô֪ҵֵģ
ؿϲǹŸôдءҺٺЦţֳǸʵؿڿһۡ
ƺע⵽ҵĿ⣬ʱɱ˵åĿأ
ûаװ޹ӡ
ұ⣬תȥںæ׷ʵӣ컹𣿡
Ұ⼸ֵҹ࣬ؼ˯10ϰ࡭˵УСһ˲֪ģҾȻһʧУûԶҪϵֻΣղҽ˵տҵġ
ٳù㡭ԽԽԶŲûˡ
һٴ˴ϣůůģղŵĨ־жʱһɨա
תͷһ۴⣬Ѿһ˿ǰףٹһӣҪˣǺŮӦò˰ɣ
ǼҲû˿˯⣬ӺСǣһأѹԼȻҲ֪Ϊʲôϵ˺õô죬˿ڶˣҽ˵ǵĲȴڲ϶񻯣˿ڣѾ
Ǳʬӵģû´Ļǿ϶ʬ
ʬһҽҲⲻˣҪ취
ѳζǵ취ǰĹڽʬĵӰͻȻһҼǵǵӰ϶Ŵװγʬ˵취῿һЩҪҪȥЩŴףСǵ˿ԣ˵Ĺء
뵽Ҿ⣬ҽʵڲУȥİ취
뵽˲ǰߵǸŮֶһ£ϣҪɱҵģҪͻȻֵүӵĶӣҹԼѾүһ᲻ᵽ֮أ
һҵõһ϶Ĵ𰸣ҾǺŮϵʱ϶ΪһҾһңƱǲݣǺңҲûɶ˵ģϵù£ҵѺͼˣҿ϶ܲˣУұҪ취ôǺŮ


48 ɴµ
ԽԽǺ£һ˶ǣҿ϶ܲˣоǣǸһ˵棬ҲǹײĺŮ룬ǺŮҪҵĻ϶ҲŹǡ
զ찡
ֲǵʿҲήħǺŮǰֻǰϵ⣬˰ڲ
ʱͻȻ뵽һ飬ҼǵǺŮղŻҴһԴʲôʲô
ҷѽ⡣
ڵӣƺû廹ܶҲĺܣʱӦûɶɣ
Щ߰ʱ򣬲ٴαƿϰľ͹ˣ緹
﷢ɶأֱӣǲǿϸղǸСʿˡ
˵һæƱ磬˵е¶ҿ˼˼ҿ϶Ҳң˼ǳˣҾһũӡ
Ұ־Ͳˣ˵զˣǳ˾ͽСӣֶǸɴ¶ˣôƲԼ
ұԺǺЦզͿǸɴµأӱͣʵʵڼֵظ
⻰ҿɲ˵ڣϰǱƢֳ͸ЬƨɣôһҽԺҿɶˡ
Թ緹СϡӰӣ˶ӡ
ҽ˵סԺ۲죬ʵϵҲû¶ȫԻؼҴţ費ģǴס졣
һȥСŴ׵飬Թ˷֮󣬾ʹߴǸϽؼңģɲܶˣһˣҲӦŵ㡣
⻰һ˵裬ˣҲŴؼһˣȥһѣһƬţֱӺš
ǣҰңȻؼһˣȻ˵ɶûУǶȥ˵ҽԺҽչ˵ͦõģСʿ
һ˵ڣоô˵¶أҶСʿ˼ҰͬʱңչֳһĨЦݣȻͬʱ˵ͷ˵ðɣСӣͲˣȡС£ҲϴСˣǸȢϱˡ
Ҷʱһźߣղôôһ䣬ǲװ
ϰҲҵļĳ˵Сӣֶҵĺӣ뵱꣬׷ʱǡ
ϰֵĻû˵꣬ͳסϰֵĶ䣬˵϶Ҫڶǰ˵˵һζûУϽؼҡ
˵ţͳ˲Ǵ㽫ˣڻ˼Ҿôһ˵Ҳһ£˵߾ߣһиʧզ죿
Ҳãҳֵɡ
֮ҺܿͻӼ·ҽԺ
ȳҽԺ֮Ҳŷһʮ⣬ϾȻһëǮûУ׻˵ĺãһǮѵӢۺûǮȥŴװܲɣ
ҷˡ
ҽԺĴſһͻȻ뵽һ⣬бҵ֮һʱ䣬ʶһøǣسסţǰ򹤵ʱǶһ𣬹ϵĻ֮ǰȥȥǮӦûɶ⡣
뵽Ҿƾӡҵķȥǰһأӡ̫ˣȷҵľλãسǲϸңӦûܹҵ
س˹һСʱҵǸǵļңǸǽиǿͦ˧һСǱҲôһͦģƿڽǮӦûɶ⣬š
ǿļҾסسһдҲǺܸԣҪȻҲһȥ򹤣վǼҵǰԥƬ̣ջš
Ժﴫ˼У͵ӡ
Ƭ̣һϤ˭
ҰСšһӦ
һŲűˣһЦӭЦǺǵ˵СŸ磬ʲô㴵ˣЩûˣǵˡ
˵ţǿ͸һӵͽ롣
ߵԺʱ򣬾Ϳֻǹüһа˶ߣģͦˡʱҲ뵽һ飬ȥ˼ҼֿտգƷЩ񻰣Ǳǿӣǲ˼еż˴Щ尢ˡ
ǿҵļ۵һ죬õģ˿ˣ֪ЦСŸ磬ôˣҼ͸ԼһʲôҰ趼ȥˣڼҲģһƲˣǺúõĺһ١


49 ƭ˵
ܿ죬Ǿ͵
ʱǿϸۣҲͿźҩˮ˿ڻͦʵզ˰СŸ磬ָ˴ˣ㿴ⲱϵˣ˰ҪҪֵܰæ֪һ뵱СŸûٰң۸ʱҪСŸ֣ҹƾͱ˴зˡ
˾Ͱƽǵһ꣬ǿڵ̯ϳԷ֪ô͸˶֣ʮ׷СҲǸˣһơƿ͸Ҹʮ˸ɣ˴Ѫģʱҿȥˣ͹ȥȰܣû뵽ЩΪǸǿһģһһҲսţҿҴСϰ䣬ӣյĽʮ˶ſˣҲǲʤѪģʱҲ֪ǿ磬һصģϵһ򹤻һֱϵţ˵Ǻܲĸǡ
ǿϵˣҲǺ˵Լӵģô˸ɼܡ
ֵܣҲȦӣֱӿżɽ˵ͷеǮ컹
⻰ǿݣóһǮϣ˵СŸ磬ҽûȥɻʣǮˣҪţǧǮҲ٣ʲôģȥþˡ
һǧСǹ󷽵ģҾȥŴףٿǮ㹻ˣǱ٣˵ҾõǮãòô࣬ʣµûȥ
ǿһˣ˵СŸ磬ǧҵˣ֪ҿ϶м£ҪȻҲҵǮ㶼ţҪǲٸ㣬չһ㿴ɲ
ˣͷһμ˻˽Ǯģֱϼ˵ֵܣˣҽţǮˣȥͼһ£òôࡣ
˵ǿŷŽǮ˻ȥ
һֱŴ׵飬Ҿ˵¶ˣǿڼҳԷܣһֱ͵ҳд棬Լ˹һȾƣԼͻȥˡ
֮;ůůģ治һ£ЩˣһᵽǮŵľջսˣɾĿ飬Ϸʡ򹤵ʱû
ŻȺٿǮֱӴȥũóг˼ʵŴףͳҽԺȥ
糿ʱСǵĲҲ֪طֱӾͳǵĲ˹ȥ
С־ǿסͬһڻԲѣס֢໤ңרŵҽտýȥԣֻС־ǿ֡
ﲢֻˣС־ǿļҲˣһֱǡ
Ǽ˸ҶھӣǴСҳĳ˴˶Ϥĺܣҽȥ֮Ƕһ㶣֪ʲô־ǿСԲѣΨҺö˶˵վǲŹˡ
տС֣տ־ǿ裬һȥ͸Ĵк
СΪʲôõô죬µ·ˣֻ˵ʱ˵һЩֺãԾǰˣοǲҪģǽӦҲˡ
λ˼ĸô˳ģóӦҰЩشǣ˵ͷȺҲм٣ΪĶϺȷʵǣ򻹱ǵ߹
λ˵״̬ôãƶûô˯Ұο䣬ǳȥ緹ſǾˣҲȷʵ˳緹ʱ䣬λ˵ЩȺȥˣǶҲģΪŵλһ𳤴ĸǣõĸʲôƵġ
λ֮ҲŴϽŴ˳ߵ־ǿߣȫ¶űһľƵģ϶ˣǲֹۡ
СĴ־ǿϵı¶ϵ˿ڣϸôһʱһ˿ڶǸǰˣ˿ڴкڻɫŧѪ˳ȥʮֿɲǱʬˣʬӣǿµĺܡ
ԥƬ֮ұóһŴף־ǿ˿ϣȴһðӰ϶ôݵģŴ׷ȥȴһӦûУֵ˺һûзӦǽ˿ڴŧѪ١
走
Ӱ϶ƭ˵ģŴһöûУǲŰ
ô찡֪ǱʬӵģȴΪѹһһεģĲʧȥ⼸ֵܣпܵĻԸԼ
־ǿŧ˿ڣұӷᣬ˳侲һ֮ҽ־ǿ˿ϵŴɾ¸ã㶵ʼһĶԲߡ
ҾĿҵֵǰұҪȻǡ
Ȼ䣬һӰͻȻҵէ֣뵽һˣڴһţа취ܹСǰγʬǸŴһﶼӣһƯŮˮҼǵ÷ǳ


50 ·
ϴμŵʱǰһܣҲõĺӣ֪ô¶ͻȻͷ˸գźü춼ûˣһֱ˵ǶЩˣȥ˴СҽԺüңҺǳҩģһֱûмãҲʵûа취ˣҵǼ
Ҳ˵ģǸڴ壬һĴһŽţŵͺܴЩĺණļҳЩа¶Ŷܹƽ
ǱһֱղˣȥҽԺβãǳײʲôණҽܸܲκá
Ҫ˵ȻǴӸڣǾ벢ʮģͷ̧ͷҲʶڶ˵ϣҲܾ
ʱ̴źʱҰóţ˵һ֮ҾʹǱȥˡ
ܽ𣬻ʮ꣬ʱһֱκŴ飬˰ģһͲʱһһԴ̵ˡ
Ҳ֪զأа¶ȳǶһЩҲЩ߶߶飬̼ȻұˣʽҪһµġ
ұűܣڴСк̣ƿƾȥżҡ
žȺạ̃û¶ʱڰ׾ƣһæ̾ƹȥʲôãҲ⡣
˵Сʱ֢Ҳȥƹ۾ͺˣʱһСҵûסԼмǵǸˣܰһɫްͷϻһɫë΢еգ·λƵģӡ
ʱұűܵżҵʱ춼ˣһŲӦ
һס˵һӰᵽʡı겻ڼңǽСŮϼңӦš
ŵȻţһСŮģСӣˮĴ۾ǳԣˮˮĽţҸоָСѾͷʮУˮݣˣ϶һСˡ
ŴţûҺ䣬Ϳұϵıܣʵզˣ
ʱҲǺ̸ܵҪ˵ű˵˵ɡ
ұűܣһŵļİܼ򵥣һжܳ¾ɣӵмȴڷʦ¯ǵȼģŨζš
һ£̾Ȳ˵һܵ˵ǰһСȥҰ棬߰˵ӲŻؼңؼ֮ҹͷ˸գһֱ˵źȥ˺üҽԺûκãҲ֪ǵɶҵˡ
˵ұһļСһһ¶ûУΨұܻˣļǵģҲ֪ǲǳײʲô
ŵʱϸұۣЦ˵С޵ⲻȷʵǳײһЩණǲӹƣ֮Ҳû¶ˡ
̺Ҷɻզ£Ц˵ܵһһ·ϣ·ûȥͶ̥͸һѵǷʲôֻͷһ֮߰û¶ˡ
Ȼ͸ұһεĻţԺͲˣ˵̻ص֮õֽǮ·ˣ߶䣬ܽžֻˡ
ҺҲǰŰɣǱܾͳżңʱҽ̺;ƶϣҲûƳ٣ûǳֻ˵ҪտСŮͲˡ
ϣ̺ͱܾͻ˼ңǸƢҸﳵؼңֽ̾Ǯȥ·أŵķԸˡ
˵ڶ죬ִűܵǼһΣܸˣֱҶһֱ߶߶ͣ˵ǸˣϽֽǮ֮󣬻صҾͿұܻһֱŶˣ˼뷹
ҪллţֱһӺþơ
ǣǵżұʾлʱŶĶȴһûҪֻ˵Ѿʾˣһˡ
˵˵Ҳû̴ĶӲҪգŻˣֻֽ˻ȥҵǸմ˹⣬Ϊ̶ҳ顣
ҪΪĸʬˣǼϵʬɢҲǰܾǺ˵ģǵۼ˽ʬǸվҴͷĺŮʱ򣬾ͲɵҲˡ


51 Ųڼ
˵ʵ鵽ݶϣҲЩͶҽĸо
ֱңŻа취Сǰγϵʬ
֮⣬ȷʵ벻ʲôܹﵽҡ
Ҵ⣬׼ȥŵʱҲǴɣС־ǿļˣҿ䣬лҰտţ䣬˵¶ͳС־ǿĲš
һţһˣҪҵСоǸҽһңͳһôԼܳˣҪȥģ˺õҲ̫һЩ͹ʱǿˣܵˡ
ұҽţЩ˼Ӧ䣬˵Ǽֵôˡ
ʱҲŷ֣ҽ߻վżŰ״ӵͷҽ͸ߵǼͷ˵λʡĽںרǣСӾҸ֮ǰ͹ʱ򣬻Ѫ죬Բѣˣϵ˿ڴССֻʮСʱ˿ھϽˣڻģֱҽѧ漣
СੲݣǼνרҽڽΧһȦָָ㣬ͻȻҸоԼ԰ĺƵģĶڣʱ̧ͷҽؿڿȥؿҲһƣдרҡ塣
ðСӣҼסˣҵСо˺ˣ㳵̥ˡ
ʵܲרҽǵָָ㣬˵ԼˣҪȥԵҲǵıȺＷ˳
ʱڱסңҵȵȡ
һͷͷɶ¶
˵ЩרҽרŴʡģΪоСϵĲģĻͻоʱǼǾоˡ
զ˵ҽҲǾľˣͻȻֲôˣԣ־̥ˡ
ұʾ˸лﻹȥŵ飬Ҳҵ飬ЩרҽڣǲôϣģϾӺСǸʬӵģеʬЩרҽǰ϶ûκãҲоһʱ䣬ȵʱ򣬹Ъˡ
ҽԺĴţſڵʱҾͽһ⳵ҽԺſڣ⳵ͣضǣ˳ֱ֮Ӹ˾塣
˾Ȼϵ·˵һֻسܣûôȥ£ʶ·Ҹ˾˵һ¾λã˾һ·ͦԶǸһ٣ſھҪ١
ʵﵽ궥һٿ·ѣ˾ſҪ٣ȷʵˣⲻôֱӾ͸˵ҲУһأҵ˵ط֮ҰСʱٰҪͬ⣬ȥұˡ
˾һ£˵ɽʵɰײɣ㲻һʱҲܿճ
˾ʦһţʹҳµķȥ£ȷʵô·ˣҵָ£ʮܵŵ壬˾ѳͣһСſڣ˼к̻мƿ׾ƣ˳ֱӿŵļſڡ
ü궼ûеżˣ֪˼Ƿ񻹽ڣһֱĵģ˼ҲˣҰһ˲˵ǿɾûˡ
һģżҵš
˺һ֮һ۵ͯ˹
ǸСŮˮҵ˵ػصˮôҰ㿪ţǸڸ߸ڴľ磬̵ġ
һŵ죬ԺŴˣһС˳ҵǰ
˫ˮĴ۾ƺǰˣģСѾͷɴˣһ˫۾ңʵʲô̳ȥˡ
һ˵Ż¶ˣȲʵˮû˵ʲôʱ
Ӧÿ˰ɣҪһСѾͷµ˵
Ҳû취ҪȰֻǲ֪˾ԸԸȡ
ߵ˳ǰ˾˵˾һͲˣ˵ʲôҪǮտʼ˵ֻȰСʱǳһͷ͵øʮ
һﻹۣʮͼʮɣҴӸǿٿǮƲ඼Ҫ˾ϣ֪͸ǿһˣһǧӦùãںҲˡ
żſڣҲеģ͸ˮѾͷ죬СѾͷҲԸͦʵģıģǿɰ뵽Сʿܼˣһֵڴ顣
뵽ͬʱ뵽ǸҴͷĺŮϴһʱ


52 ҾȲ
ʱһһţÿһ붼ôͷȥˣһֹȥˣۿžҪȵһͷʱһ΢Щ͵Ӱһӳҵǰɽš
һӰж༤æͳӭȥ˱ţǲϴġ
ˮҲϳ̣ı˹ȥһܻһ˵̡ڸ߸ڴľˡ
ˮ˵⻰ͬʱҲŵǰǹĶſĴк˵ţð鷳ˡ
ЦеĿңҵʱһʱͺҿͻȻܲȻ΢΢鶯£ҲЩƺһ˿̿֡
ܿ죬ž͵ͷָһˮԴ̾Ϣһ˵Сӣ߰ɣ飬Ұﲻ㡣
ҵʱһ㶣ʲôһû˵ʲôأһڽһؾˣ˵ĻᶼûС
˵仰֮žʹˮҵСԺ˹ȥҡ
ҼǵϴżңһֱǺͺģһˣôμҾ͸Ƶģ޲ֱӽߡ
һȻôͷĻȥֱӸ˵Ҳ㳯Ժȥ
ߵԺſڵʱͻȻվſڴ˫ֱַץסţһ˫κα۾ֱĿң˵ôߣѵӼҳɣ
εһЦ˵ţǰǼҵģˣǸڸ߸Դ⼸ȷʵ¶ˣţ֪¶Ҳֻܰﵽˣ㲻ңҪüˡ
Ұﲻ㣬㻹ɣʱ䣬ССûˡ
ŻǸǧ֮ӣ˵ŻҪԺŸϣץסſ򣬲ϣʱҲŷ֣⿴̫̫ϵ治һҾȻûһĹˡ
һʱͻˣ˵ţȱţҸ˵ٹҲ٣ϾҪˣܵװɣ
ʱŵϵͻȻˣٴ˵ʲô˵һ۾ܹϷʲôɣ
ƾʲôҾҪҲŶʮͷͣ껪ɶ¶ûأ
ƫҪҲҪǼֵܾȻǣ
£ֵţԲңһмֵܣΣҪǲ־ǣҾ͹ſڲˣʲôʱӦʲôʱ
˵ţͨһ¾͹ŵǰ˫ֻץסſ
ŵͷһۣҡҡͷ˵СӣһˣˣҪ͹ԶʡҼſڣ
˵ţתҪߣһˣҪԺߣʱˮСѾͷͻȻ˻ŵ֣˵̡ÿҪͰɣɺˣղŻˮš
ŵͻȻͷˮһۣεҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ɣǵùš
ѽһҵֿ˻Ǵˡ
ҪлˮѾͷؼʱ̾ҵСѾͷôôأҵðզôϲأ뱧Ѿͷڡ
þŮԵǲģⶡСѾͷңѵѾ˧ͨˣ
Ҫ뷨ǸԺƵվźˮ󣬳Ժȥߵʱ򣬻ŸˣſڵҵǸ˾ŰɣһûǮҲܶҾߡ
һֱǼԵЩС
ߵ֮Ųûдңǽϱŵһ˻һۣǿװĶһЩݣӲͨĲݣӦǲҩû뵽Żҽ仹ǲԻ
ж֮ϴϴ֣ߵʦĹǰһԵ㰸ó㣬ȼˣ¯棬ϣĿ˼ͷ
֪ΪΣҵҲЩȻ𾴣Ҳһԣ˼ͷ
һ֮ŲվһԵһСϣһ̹ӣˮȼˣǰરવĳ
³һŨ֮ſңٴ˵ҾȲ


53 
⻰˵еãʲôСҾȲںö˶˵ģȻˣҲָĲˣô;Ȳأ
ȻЩɻ󣬲һǺܹʵţ⻰ʲô˼֪Ǹʲô𣿡
̧ͷһۣٴκݺݳһŨ˳ǺǺ˵ĺζܳ壬˲ӣŵСӣ㱻ˣ׵ĺݣ˭˭һ꣬΢ĩĵУǶĶ֣һ񵽲ӵ˵ûʲôСŮûչˣԣҲŻߡСӣãҼѾͷ࣬ˣҼСѾͷҲãһСѾͷҶչ˲ڵҲˡ
˵ɽ֣һʱû˵ʲô˼ҸˮѾͷ࣬ô˵ˮҲˣ
ôǱأ
һ뵽Ҿ뵽ͻȻҲϵǸŮǸνĶǲǾ˵ǸŮأ
ĵʣʵţǴ￴ұأ
ٴοһۣСӡ÷ڣǶѾҹ˰ɣǶȡţȴ֪Ϊûгɹȥһ٣Ѿϴӡǣϵյһյд棬;ƿ֮ƣ죬ӳ֣ôҲһ٣ɣԣӲŻȰȥͱ׷ˣʡˣʹˣ±˵ĺá
˵ҵİģҴûʶأԭڽĹǸСŮþȻҲûа취һΪСŮΪǣǾ߳ŰëĽʬѲأҰ̫ˡ
ҲģȲʵţҡ¶ûƽİ취ҲŶʮͷôˣҪˣҿɾ;ˡ
źܿصƽİ취УΪΪ̫ͣǶĶ֣ҪԸǶһҪʮĸ֣ܹס֮⣬
ţĸˣûʶģȥ˼ҹ׻˵ĺãһʤ߼˼ܲܿ˰ɡҼ˵
Ȼȴҡͷ˵ĸˣҲʶʶҲˣ죬ȴ㲻죬С϶ǻʲôδ˵ԸϽȥɣŹ˽ʲôźӸ˵ô࣬ҲֻܰﵽҲϰ㣬Ұﲻˣɶã
Ȼ˵ϣҲͨˣǷˣǿҲûʲô˼Ҫ˵ʲôźǾ̫ˣһҲǾΪõźɡʵźϵҼҪûˣֻʣΪ뻹ǿ뵽־ǿСǣôţһˣҲýǾȻɣǻţչ˺λ˼ҡ
뵽Ҵ⣬ٴο˵ţȻȲǾͱˣмֵܵҪȣ϶а취ʵ벻˭ܾǡ
ڵϿ˿Ĵ̴һ̾ͳˣɻǼʲô˵ܾǣ;ΪܾҲû취
ҵ˵ͷ˵ͽ¶ϰҼϵ˿ڣⶼǱĹǾ߳ŰëĽʬӵģЩ˿ڣӦûʲô
ϣ۾ϵ˿ڵʱ򣬶ʱ͵һ⡭Щ˿ڡ
ʬӵģҿżɽ˵
ţٴˣ˵ǾȻ˽ʬڽʬǰôģ
Ҳ뵢ʱ䣬ֱ˵ţҲˣϵЩ˶ǱʬӵģһֵܣҲʬˣҸȣ˵һǶҽԺʬ˿ڸ׻ŧۿž;Ȳˣ˼һа취ǣǧҪƳ٣Ҳǰһɡ
ųĬһٴεȼһ̣յ˵ͷ˵ʬҵа취γֻǲ֪ʬˣ죬Ӿˡ
ǵڶ죡æص


54 Ŵ
ٴε˵ͷն˵Уҿ԰㣬š
˵ţžվȥԼӵĹ⾰ҼһС˳Сϣ˴ӣͳһЩϸĿۣ·˻ȥ
һԿķŴӴľȻŴףǰӵӰϽʬƬʱ򣬶ʬ֮󣬾ŴװγҽҲԹˣŴ׸ãԣŽŴóʱҶʱûˣЩɵʵţװĿŴף
ǰŴסŲÿɷ˵
ţŴ׿²ðɣҽҲŴ׸ǼֵܷˣһöûУһЩŧѪûİ취ʵ
֪ȴֿЦˣ˵СӣǸŴײãӵŴײŹá
Ϊɶɻ
ҪγʬͨŴǲеģŴҪܹγʬҪһʮָӵḶ́ȣŴҪǷĳףȻó֮±ɹʮ죬ʮ֮ڣһ꣬ҪȻǰΪŴ׽Ϣɹʮ֮⻹꣬ҪⱩɹŴ׷ͯʮ죬˲ܹγʬô򵥡
һû뵽ԭŴ׻ҪôิӵĳܹγʬֲŴһá
˼룬žվ˵ʬֶѾʮټˣʮ꣬ǵһ˵ֶŴ׼˺Щ꣬ԭΪɲóˣһֱҺб޻ҪȻǼѵСҲȲˡˣǿ߰ɣʬûɢθ࣬Ͻʬγ
˵ţžͻˮһҽԺһˡ
ȻֻǵõһһʮģСܹʲôֻˡ
ߵſڵʱͻȻʲô飬תͷʵСӣ˵ʬˣ֮ڶǻԲѵģʬɢȫҲɽʬСΪκö˶˵ģ
⣬Ҳʮַѽ⣬ǱҲ֪ʲôҽ˵ҵѪͱȽɣûиȾʬ
ЩɻĿһۣʵôǾ߽ʬģ
¶ͺû˵ˣǰһţһ߼򵥵ĸ˵һǼȥͷĹ飬ֻţһ·֮ϲû˵Ҳûʲôֻüͷһֱţصӡ
ܿ죬Ǿſڣ˳⳵˾͵ȵĲͷˣһϳҪǮ˺Щʱ䣬׬˺öǮ
£Ҳ£ֱ˦ʮǮϽ
СӾһ壬ҲֵЩǮˡ
һ·ȵ˳ʱѾҿ˿Ѿߵˡ
һΪŻֱӸȥҽԺ֪˵Ҫ׼һЩ˾ȥ˺ͬһһẠ̇һЩֽǮ͹Ʒ֮ĶֵһСʱ
˵Ҳ֣Ǽ仨Ȧư˹յģʮΣתˣȦ̵ϰ廹һˣŸҲ
һͷһμеģӿôεĵط
˾ֱˣȥʱֻһ⳵
ȵҽԺʱѾŵˣͺ͸ˣͻȻŸ˵飬˵һҲ֪Ǵ·СŮʲôʱҪҵŸţҲЩСŮӦòһھȡҵɣ
ǻصҵĲһźˮ䵱˼ڲһȥС־ǿǱߵ
һţһˣײ˸һŵ棬ҿǰ˵ʱϳǸСʿ
֮󣬶ʱü΢ֵϵ˻ûк˭´߶ģ
ҺǺһЦ˵ҺõĲˣȥǼôˣôϰడ
ôҾôҺܲⰡһĨԹ
Դ˵У˻أô᲻⡭
һ˵ϲЩЦݣʱ뵽һ飬ʵʱҿʡרң˵ҪǼβнûУ
̾Ϣһ˵רоһ磬ûҵôǵİ취


55 
˵ҲҵԤ֮УСеľʬЩרҽǿ϶ûа취ҪγʬǵҪˡ
ţҾͶȥǼ𣿡
㵱Ȼȥȷϣֻܵ𣿡´һۣЩǵ˵
룬Ƕһˣ⻰ʵĺЩˣǺٺЦû¶ҸоҳԺûɶˣæɣȥˡ
˵ţҳǺٺһɵЦͳСǵĲ˹ȥ
ҵǵĲʱ򣬷С־ǿļ˶һǳӣһһ޶ûˣٴγλ˼̧ͷһۣСЩͷɥ˵СŰˡ
Ӧһߵǵǰ֪ʵ壬Сôˣ˵ʡǵרҺͽڶˡ
С̾һ˵զأǼרҲûŪʲôóʱиҽ˵ð׼񻯵ĻСǿҲ¶ˡ
˵ţСֵȦˣ־ǿǳ
ֻðο˵壬ӣҲģС־ǿ࣬¶ģǼȺﶼܻ߳ҽԺſ£ұ֤һֻˡ
־ǿһ߲һ˵СŰͱӿˣרǶ˵ˣǿǵĲΣϸ죬ƾͲˣ㡭ôôõأһ¶ûС
⻰˵һѹƵģ֪⻰ЩԹζûչ˺ǣҵΣҵԸŵңҲôѹ
ţһܹȻˣʮġ
ǣҲֱӾŹλ˼ҵֱӸǰγʬλ˼ҿܲԸⲻ˵п¶ڣ֤ǼеʬԣұҪλ˼Ҷ֧Ųָܶǰγʬ
֮ұȰ˵λ˼ҵ塭ӣλ϶һһû˰ɣҪȻ͵Ъᣬſմҿǡ
һλ˼һǺŮˣҪСǣŴҲͿŲԹϢ
λ˼ҲǰЩ찵أ㲣ѾŲסˣҵ˵֮£λڱ˵ȥǼ䲡ʱѾǣˮ֮ϡ
λһߣߵϣкźˮû룬ˮʱСʿ֪ߵҵǿˮһۣЩĴ۾һۣʵСѾͷͦƯģ㺢ӣ
뻵ˣͻȻЩ飬æ˵аҲŶʮͷСѾͷˣôôĹŮ̼ҵŮ֪ˣҵġ
۵С֣˾ˮСЦе˵СóÿСƵģҾ˵ôÿŮ
˵ţվͷһۣת첽߿ˣʱ˵ϽزȥһҪ롭
һ£ɶ˼ҳҲѿôôÿĹŮⲻǿô
ԣ롭ΪʲôҪ룿
ζĿһۣͻȻ˵Сӣ˼ǿˡ
ôôûоҳźǺһЦͷЩģǳĸоô
ȴεҡҡͷһͷˮ˵ҿ鲻ֻǶе˼ҪȻ϶ֶһˡ
еĨ۸жʱȻ޴棬ǰ֮ˣȲСҪүﱨˣοȥ˼أ
ĬƬ̣ͻȻֵʲôطȥɡ
ӦһֱӴźˮȥСסǼ䲡
˽ȥ֮Ÿˣվſڵλãʱ˽
ߵСԣ´һſƤ˿ŵͷ˵У˾Ȼ϶ûɶ⣬ʱϻһЩҪȫָҪһʱ䡣
˵ڷܾȻˣҲûɶźˣⱲΪܹΪһ顣
뵽˽ҾҲˣӴﻹЩѹ


56 γʬ
ţЩְɡҴߴٵ
ŵ˵ͷʾҲҪżϽǸڴжóһСƬСϹŵĺɴһɴ򿪣ʱһɴ̱ǵĳζЩϺζȻվſڣĴλԶһжܾ۵ס
ɴȻǽջģһ滹ͦ£ֻӡһЩѪǵڶɴȥЩ޷ˣΪѾСϵƤһˣڶɴҿʱܳһƤ⣬ʮֶģҽܲ˵ǣžȻָһС˿ڣʱһϻɫŧѪ˳ҿҿĵȽǿҪȻǵ³ɡ
һжССϵɴһһĽҿĳζԽԽŨˣһʼϺζǵ˺ͱһ޷ݵĶˮѾͷɾǴһܲˣһСڱǰȷ磬һ˵ѽ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ĿˮһۣСɢĳζƺûɶоˮˮȥСһһҪɻˣɱŵ
ˮ˵ͷߵҵߣСǣţһͬſȥ
˲дͷĹ⾰ŲŽСϵɴȫҿСڵӻЩҲ̶ãͣ˿ŧһˮ˼ʬǸҵӣҶȥֻýԴתһߡ
ʱѾ˵һŴӴｫƹŴ˳һʮֺ棬תͷȥŽǰŴףһ¾С˿ϣŴ׸õ˿ڽӴʱֵһĻͷˣǵӰݵһ˿ڴȻðһỤ̋ȻҲŶǻһƤⱻζЩԭǰ׻ŴףܿͱĽڣڹﳴһ㡣
ƺСʮʹһֱԲѵȻЩӦǴһĶҲһ΢죬һֱŽе˿ڶŴ׷꣬С˻֮С
æһЩѾȵͷ󺹣ųҽĴ򿪣ɢɢĳ˵ζҲãصĻкûʳüԲ·
⻰ȻţǶ˵ȴûκãһҹ¶Ҽǵñ˭Ϊչˮŵĸܣһǹȥˡ
Ŵ֮óһӣЩĽڵŴ׶ϸƺǾҲԭ˵ЩγʬŴһҪɾѼˣҲȾʬܿͻҪǳʬѼҲɥĿܣԣһ趼ܳ
ΪŴף½˿ڰ꣬¶ˣû뵽ִһӣǸȡһСƿǲƿѰװͷõƿӣǴ˿ͷƿװĲǳʳһЩֲ֭ҺóһСӣЩɫ֭ҺһһͿĨС˿ϣһͿĨһ߸ҽ͵ʬˣƤѾãǽಢûˣȻҽʬϰγˣҲԻֻϾͻº̺ۣܶЩҩҲ׼õĶһֱûóҩѪģͿĨЩҩ֮ͻ᳤µƤ֮ǰĻҪ⻬Ҿ˾ȵףͷ͵һ˰ɡ
˵˼ǳ˸м֮飬ĻܵҴû̵⣬ֻܹͳˣȫ뵽ˣĳ
ͿĨ˲ҩ֮ˮſڿţҪκ˽߹ȥŽղŽɴ¸Сˣ¶Ҫߵ֪ܱ˷ֵĺá
編ƣ־ǿʼγʬһΣ˾飬ּӿһЩСʱ͸־ǿҲγʬ
æһУŵѾǴ죬ʵ۵ûжۣҪΪһϸаŲŻῴȥƣ롣
ЪϢ֮ŵֳһ˿ǣٴҵС֮⣬ǻһ𣿿ȥɣʱˡ
Щƣ˵ţŵڶ죬ôأǻʱġ


57 Ƿһ
̧ͷһۣε̾ϢһЩ޷⣬Ҷ룬ٴδߴҵȥһ˵ز˾
ӦһûҶʣʹȥסǼ䲡
ӵȽ⣬ڻûΣյԵʣһֱס֢໤ңһֱҽְֵأӵҲڣҲܾźˮĿŵĹȥ
źˮڹţԼȥӵǸ֢໤ȥ̽̽磬ʲô档
Ҵ򿪲ŵʱ򣬹Ȼϣⲡ֮ȷʵˣһˣӵİ֮⣬һϤףǽҵСǸҽ塣
һҽˣǳһʵСӴҹʲôȥúˣ
ҺٺһЦ˵ֵܣž˽ȥӵİ迴һӣҲǳһҺ˼䣬ҲͣĿοǣ˵Ӻܿͻǲõġ
λ˼ҵҲôãŨŨĺȦһҹҲûۡ
ֿ˿ӵСҪС־ǿҶˣСԴҲˣľ¶ǿ׺۾Ѿһľ
ˣϻ˸ֹӣΧкܶȽĻһҲʶ
ߵ֮˸ڣ߳ӵĲͷֹҪӰγʬô׵飬Ҫȫߣ˵Ǹ⣬ҽ壬Ѳ
źżӣҴӲȲҿԽȥӰγʬô
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ취ȫ֧˵
ӿٵҲͣĿǸְ취һһҷ񶨣ҽʾ֭취ʱһŻʿӰҵǰҶʱһͳСʿ˹ȥ
˹ͣ˽Ųһ˫ˮĴ۾ңʵ¶𣿡
ɫЩΣһֱôǣɫȻʮ֣ص˵ӣܲܰһæ
һ㶣˵֣أ˵ɣҰʲôæҽǮɲУֲ졣
ԴЩ˵ڣջ˵˳֣ص˵ܲܽ˼Ӳ֧
˵һʱסˣʵҪʲô
һ£ջǾ˵һٵʵǱҲ֪ô˵ˡʱ򣬲ʡ˼רһֱûнǼκãҽȥһ˹һƬҽǼЩ⣬˵ܹˣҾͽ˼˹ƣֵѵļͬ⣬Ծæ֪㡭
ûҰѻ˵꣬üͷ΢΢Щõ˵˵ɲܿЦҽԺҽʡרҽڶβõĲһҽôκأһҪҽԺʵʡļרҺͽҹоأƺܿͻнˣ֪ѵģҲܲͶҽһŪô죿
˵նһͨ˼ûУҲЩ޼ƿʩˡ
һۣתҪߣʱҲ֪һѾץסĸ첲۾˵ʿͰһΰɣˣ͸ҰСʱʱ䣬ֵܣһ𴩿ɿ㳤ֵܣǲẦģβãҸ
Ǳŵˣֶһ£ɾֽյ˵ͷ˵ðɣҰһΣɲܺ֡
ģ͵Ƿһ飬Ⱳӱˣ±ҵţһ㡣֣ص˵
һۣҵֲ֣˿ڴͳסĲ˽ȥ
ıӰҵٴγ˸мţܹһúñǣһлô˽ҾͲ˰ɡ
ȥһҲ֪˵ЩʲôͿҽ󣬼˳ҽӵİ衣
߹ʱ򣬻ҿһۣһѰζҲ֪ΪʲôҪңҿԿ϶ΪһЩøУпܣѡ˶ҵΡ
һԶ֮ұźˮӵǼ֢໤ҡ


58 Ͻ
ӰڲϣɴȻûнɴҿƺŵһɵĳζɢ˳
ʬɢȫǷθ֮࣬죬žҪһ߽ʬ
˵ʬ˵ˣһʼֱӱɽʬǽʬܣʬʬȹ㹻ĶѪ֮󣬲ŻıɽʬֻҪһתʬ϶;ȲˣΪѾɢȥֻǱһûʶʬ⡣
ҺǼʬ˲Ž죬ҺҼǵˣҪȻƾҪСˡ
һڵ֢໤ңûƬ̵ͣЪžͿʼҽϵ˿ڣŴװγʬٷѪĲҩȻ½ɴϣ˶ʮӾѾˡ
òȥߴ٣žǸʱһѸٴϵ顣
󣬸ϽʰһУкҳӵĲ
ǰŸմӲžͿҽ弱ĳӵ䲡ԻСʿһһ߻ŭĸ˵ʲô̫ԶҲѵһСӣͷʮίӡ
ǵ󻹽ӵĸĸøһ棬ҸǴкҲֻǵ˵ͷûôңصӡ
תһۣЩ˵û¶ҪҽԺһΣϽȥϢҪϢ
ҿͷϣøֻۣǵͷǣʱҳһۣҲңǸӣЩίΡ
Ҹмĳ˵ͷһ仰û˵ʹźˮסǼ䲡ȥ
֪ſߵſڵʱͻȻһסң˵ⲡǲסˣϽߡ
һ㶣ʵţˮȥɣҾͲȥˣҪһҽԺҲǣˡ
̾Ϣһҵļ˵߰ɣߣ취
˵ţžˮͳҽԺȥ
ҹʹĸŵȴ룬ʲô˼أ˵һҵΪҵ̫ףҲΪ
ǲô˵ҼȻŸˮҽԺγСϵʬǸҰһæߵʱܻҪǻȥġ
ܿ죬ҸźˮҽԺſڣŴ⳵ͻȥһ룬ûǮˣʱһ⳵˶壬Ŵף⻹һЩƷϾֻʣһٿǮ򳵿϶ǲˡ
Щڣ֪͸ǿһЩǮˣֻǮ֮󣬹ԺҲϣǷôһ顣
ֵҵǣҽԺſڲͣ˳⳵һЩڳӣǮˣǮ͸ɣҲֻʱίһˡ
ǣҵһӣ̸˼Ǯʮ͵塣
˳֮Ӿʱһ˫۾ңʵ㻹ʲôϳ
ԥǲ鷳ˣ˵ЩУҾ֪סҵǸСѾͷƬӺܲöԸпҲɥѾȻֵܣҺαȥΪ˲ͣһиʧʲôλĳ˼ң
š߰ɣԼµ飬Լţ֪һƬģҾֻ밲ߣˡҹ˵
ȴһЦ˵Сӣ뵣ܵһ˵Ҳ޷ˣѵҲһ𣿡
⻰˵ͷһһҵŲҰɱ֮󣬻ҵļ˲ɣ
һ뵽ԥˣʱٴδߴٵ߲ߣҿɾĲˡ
˵ϣҲûٵ飬һ˳
ﻹ룬ֲڸСǰγʬ֮˵ʱ䲻ˣԭһֻϵ飬˵ʱ䲻ˣ˵ıˣ˵ҵʱ䲻ˡ
ӷһ޴ĺ˳ķﳤȥ
ڳϣҵҲ֪ø˵Щʲô
ʱһҾ͸˳Ƶߣû뵽ʱգͻȻͱһģҪҡ
Ҳǵ춹ģʲô˵ʵʲôС
ҰԴʱͻȻ˵ˣתͷһۣ˵ǲǺܺ棬ΪʲôͻȻıҪɣ


59 Ȧ̵ĸ
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵д⡣
ɵˮʱѾſŵ˯ˣһ߸ˮԴһ߸˵СӲˣԼͷˣȥֵܵҾǿ壬ԲŸı⣬һΡ
ҲٴȻ𾴣Щǵ˵ţ˵ϵʮ׺ô˼Ҹûа취ʵûаܹסֿܶ˼ʮֲĻǻҾȻֵѾ˼ҸмΪ˼ٳʲôأͿǷ˼̫ˣʵûʲôԻر˼ҵġ
̾Ϣһ˵Сӣʵ㣬ϵǸණȷʵҲȷĶ֣ʵ˵Ҫ㣬Ҳﲻֻ̫࣬һˣʲôӣͻʲôӣҪ鷳ģܶһһϣ˵һ֮ھͻʲôʣԣһ̣ҲҪ׷漣ֵܻģĸǽĹﶼܴһ߳ŰëĽʬĴִѶˣһҲܹͦȥ
֪ڿοңҲ˺ܶ࣬һ뵽ƴΣգֻܱһĻᣬﻹǾʮֹⲻȥʵĺܣҶһϣһҲһ˵ر£ȣȴǸ̲޷ܣΪ㲻֪ԼʲôʱҲ֪Լһʲôıҷʽ뿪磬Ϊδ֪Ż˾ÿ־壬ҵԸһһЩҾͲٳ޷ļ尾
ȻţȴҸ˵Ʋңûһ˵ĵԣұֳĬͻͻĺ˼ҽҪԵһС
ʱͻȻָ˵һ飬ҵעЩɥ˵ԭһˣ֮ǰȥǼһẠֻ̇ϧһǼһǮԭеѾڼ֮ǰȥˣӽǼӣƹˣȫȫһŰֽʲô¶ûУԣֻӹ¾սˣܻܲϻһ⡣
һ£ϸһ½ȥȦ̵龰ԽԽǾ֣ǼһȦ̿ڳдһС߹հƵģʮƫƧҪŴңߵ·ɣ˭ȥһȦǻɵźôԭǹͷ⣬ΡоǻȦ̵ˣҲ󣬸£ʱģҲˡ
ţǻȦԭȵôȥأҺʵ
ҲЩƵ˵ǰЩһͷӣͷõĺܣµӣ֪һ֪ѾȥˣȷֵĺܣлʲôèɣͷӾǸˣΪұֱһһ£ϳֵĻƲǸͲʲôˣ߳ϵİս¡
ҲһǻȦ̵˼ţ棬ֲֻ߳ɵİգҵСŮǸʲôиߵҲ̫˰ɣ
ֻ߳ɵİգô˵ҪҶһ죬϶ҪܴĴۣס
뵽ٴλ̿תͷţ֣ص˵ţҪ³
˵ţһֻ־ͷ˰ϣߴ˾Ͻͣ
ӻͷɻĿһۣȴǽͣͷʵǵ׻߲ˣ
Ȼȴһץסҵĸ첲ҡҡͷ˵СӣȻҴְ㣬Ѿ˸ִ㣬֪ʲôҲ̫ǣȻ󻼣ǱһûģҲ¶ûУİɣˡ
ųŵЩĲ£ʵţȷԼ£
ŵ˵ͷ㲻˵ḧˮԴ
ٴηķʻȥҹɫĺŨһŻŨīӵĳǰֻյǰ߰׵ľ룬ʣµȫ޾ĺڰ
һ·Ĭţź¡¡ķ죬ҵȴѹֵô޷ƽˣҸоϿ϶һƽҹעҪЩʲô


60 Ҫҵ
Ǿ̫ѹֵԵʣͻȻٴһ⣺Сӣǽɣ˭ģ
ЩͻȻһʵʵĻشҰ˵үүģҲ֪үүΪʲôҩһŹֵ֣ȥЩŤҲû취ֲܸˡ
ŵ˵ͷȻе˼үүҲ򵥰϶
仰û˵꣬һֱǰ濪˾ͻȻҲݣö˶˵ģôˣ
˾˵ŵһʱͺ͵һֱӣŴ濴ȥһۿȥԵĸоŵӶһ£æǰ˾˵ʦͣ
˾һɲ֪ͣʲôתţЩͷ˵ôˣǵ׻زȥˣ
ʱƺԤϵʲôСʵšҪҵˣ
ˮ΢΢ͷһ˫۾ͣĳŴţƺѰʲô
ܿ죬žʹ˳ţų˯ȥˮ˳˳֮ҺܿҲȥ
³֮ˮҵͻȻϵһڴһŻֽһߵӵĺ棬дʣ˼Źֵ־ƺϵǵֽ΢΢һ£ûпžͽŻֽӵĺϡ
˾Ϊܣæӳզզ˵˵ô¶Ǯզأ
ʱҲſ˾һ
ȻϻֱӸҵǮ
ֱӴϽеһٿǮ˵Žű˾ǮߣߵԽԽã
˾һ㶣ֵ𰡣һøǮء
Ҳ⻹Ǹ̰Ƶ˾õĻϽߣٲһСûˣߴٵǮҪˣϽߡ
˾Ҳ㲻״һ£˵𰡣Ҵմ˱ˡ˵ҪǮ
ʱŭˣȵ
һƽضֱѹ˹ȥŵҲǸŴһ飬һͷŵʱͻȻһ⣬ԭЩ͵˼ңȻƱǣоҲθ˺ܶ࣬һ˿־ȻҾȻҲЩˣٿҲǴһ£ת棬һͻͻ죬Ӻһ̣գۼʧǰ
ߵʱ򣬻ûƲһ仰񾭲
˾֮ˮҲˣ˯ۣһ̡
ʱƲűºˮˮ԰һ˵СŸ籧㡣
ˮȻ֪ʲôǺܹɵĵ˵ͷ
ž͸˵Сӣߣ
˵仰֮žƿ˴·һԵ˹ȥұˮ˼档
·ȫɽҲ֪ʲôʱͻȻ˴׵ľ֮ⶼ·
ֻ˵ҸˣȻԼٶȳһɽ˹ȥο˸оͲһ̫̫һʮ߰Сӣұˮں۵ĺǿĽŲ
ǰʮӵ·̣ͣ˰ɽһƬϣұˮվղͣµǸطæϵһɫĲһ߰ŻɫķֽҺˮվĵطΪģֱǼŻֽ˰˸λһŻֽһ߸ҽ͵Ǹණܿ͹ˣԭΪҹʱȡǿԵ֮ʱٲһû뵽Ȼżȡһжˣδɫ£ܹεʮֺмߣҲòȫԸһˮֽķΧ֮ڣ򲻿̤벽ҪȻ֮ǣˮ񶼲ãⱲӴûô׵ණ
˵ĺܼЩ⻰˵ҲЩ״Σ֪ԣֻǽıˮҳ
ҵ黹ͷһû뵽ˮҲһҵ
ĹѾúһ򵥵ķִӲڴһⷨһͭǮһĽɫһͲִĶŽͭǮŽóָ֮һѪӿȫĨͭǮŽ֮ϣͭǮŽʱһ˿â


61 
ѷźͭǮŽŵĽŲͣҺˮŲĽŲЩңǺ߶ƺܹŵĽŲŲ϶йģƺ̺ĳУҲ֪ΪʲôָоǰͭǮŽʱָоȻܾø׽ϱӾͼƵģҺһȣв
һŲŽŲϱøֲҲһֱдʣһʼʮֻǵ˺پԽԽ죬Ҳ΢΢Ϊؼʱ̣ͻȻ˫ַ̤أеӰ˷Ӱ飬ħ֣𣡡
һأȻ䣬˷һֵ糯Һˮ߻۶ҵľΪ֮һ𣬳ܿȥܵЩɫͻȻͬʱһ£ƽš
һʱ䣬ձЩºͽţҶڷõķм䣬ıˮΪˮһеЩţˮڴƺϰΪû˿ĻţѾſһ˯һʱҪ˯ŵģ
֪ʲôʱɫԽԽŨˣ֮Ҳģģ˼ڻеǰͭǮŽдʣԽԽ
ֹƬ̣İͻȻӿ̧ͷŵʱ򣬷ɫ䣬µĲĸѸݣȻʱΧǰɫͻȻֱһĥȻһųĻ棬еǶеҰޣ˷һͬҺˮԼ߳ײ
վΣǰͭǮЩĶ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ЩɫʲôֻǿЩ͵ʱ޷Ŀ־塣
Ƭ֮ЩɫĶ͸ײһеǰͭǮһӿâʢ䣬һɰණʱƺһЩ޵ĽЩ֮ƴʮһֱά֣Ųģż»ӿ֮еǰͭǮĹâ
Ǳܵ˹ҺˮҲͬܵ˺ǿĹЩɰɵĶײʱʶľͱ˻еˮΪһӺһҪߵСѾͷΪһϣĻס
ǣ벻ǣЩɰ͵ණײһ׵ĵطʱŲõãǰŻɫķͬ˸һ⣬ҺˮİһЩɰɫණһƵ⣬αҲ޷ͣʱ𣬰һİ
ǣǰɵණ޾ƬƬķԽԽ࣬ӿ쳣ұˮܹоŲõѾЩҡҡ׹ÿڼıԵһ޷˷۶άַ
γһֽ֣Щɫණʼ޷Һˮµķ󣬵ȴеֽźͲеˮҲٴ˯ˣץסҵӣɫЩҰףһ˫ˮĴ۾ңһۡ
ʱһʹƺҶתͷʱ򣬷űһŰɫһײؿڣ˾͵˳ȥײһС֮ϣŵӴϻ³һѪеͭǮҲ˵ϡ
ţҴһҪűȥ
æһ˻֣ȵҪ뺦ˮ𣿡
Ҹովӣʱֵ˻ȥǰԼԲҪҲܲ˼ˮİΣ֮ǰ˵ˣˮһȥˣûտˮ񲻳˴鷳
ԥ֮ʣִŻֽһӣŻɫķƮŵų˵⣬Żм䣬ʱֵסЩӿİɫ
һ֮󣬶ʱ˵ϣһȻһŹֵķٴдʣŻɫͷϿٵתҲϵΧЩӿεİɫױƿ
һĻЩˣĿǰΪֹһлŵƿطΧ֮ڡ
лޱȵĵǣǸСŮıδỤ̄˵һ̣أ


62 
ò˵ԼǵùߵģﻹǸڽĹĺŮǺŮžͳǵǰ
һ֮䣬ǺŮ㲻ڶˡ
ɴѪɫĳ£˫ţƯڷİ֮УɫҰֽȻ£סϵɱ֮ڿŮһɲǣҺԼ飬һεķڽıס˻еˮҲӳء
ԭµϣ÷ܵЩɫԴǺŮ֮Ҳ۾һֽǰѵڵϵͭǮУ͵һ»Ȼٴһ㣬ֵĿǺŮ
ǺŮȥжô£ɢǹεѹȴѹ͸о춼Ҫһ㡣
Ů֮󣬲Ұ׵ûһ˿飬Ĵɨһۣ񶨸˷֮еҺˮϣϲôһ˿˿ı飬̣¶һײĹЦݣƯڰ֮еӻƮ˵ϣ˫ſʼ˹ȥ
ߵĺÿǰһҾ͸оԼһһθһڣƵĳ鴤ţǱŵġ
һˮҲǺŮһۣһҲ硭¡
¡СŸڡСŸ϶˺ġ
һαˮ۾ĶŲϿǵǸŮ
ʱǰͭǮֵ̤ĲҺˮǰ棬ŷߣڿٵתš
ϣȥȻɢžͭǮָǺŮ
ҵŵϣԵܹŵЩ΢΢ͭǮڶͣ
һƱ˺öֻ࣬ȥžͲǺŮĶ֣ҪȻὣɱȥˡ
Ůʱƺע⵽ţҺˮŵϣһǼ䣬СŮ۾Щ΢΢ˣɱһɫĳƮ죬쳣
ںŮϵʱҲûгסСŮϵǿƵѹŲһ£ЩڵϣƵǼŻɫķʱࡣ
һ̣ȫƮɵǺŮ󣬻༷һ໥ײ໥ɣγһֵֹ״ǧ󷭹ϢŪݣΣ˵
ⷬٶͬʱǺŮûͣ½ŲǼҺˮ˹
˿ηţƺ˿
֪˵棬ֱͭǮɱǺŮǺŮٴεĨЦݣһ֮䣬һɰĵͳײ˹ȥ
ٶ̫ˣǻŻֽͬʱˡ䡱һ죬ȫȼ˻ҽĵ˵ϣŵӱǿײ˳ȥֱһС֮ϣҶϡ
ⷬΣһվһţͳǱ߿˹ȥˮ̷˳ȥʱҲŵĴһֱ̣ҪȥǱߣ֪ŸǲõҺˮģһ̤ķΧ֮⣬ص֮أҲˮȥȻܵŵİΣҲˮıˮһŵķһֿǲϿĺŮ
Ůʲô·
һĹẢͯôĸ֣ϹȥһУѵǹȥ
ǺŮһ߰˲ʱ򣬸ҸеֵַˣǺŮĽŲͻȻĻÿȥһŵʱ򣬻ҺˮߵЩֽһźȻ죬Ѹȼգҽ
ʱŪķվ޷ֵмߵĺŮ˿Ȼҡҡ׹󣬵ΧеĻֽȼմʱ򣬻һΡ
ˣҺˮûκֲ̣ǺŮĶ֡
ҿʼˣ֪ˣҾ͸ôҽԺܸųºˣԼɣˮһꡣ
֪Ϊʲô֮͸ˣŮ治ܹԸ˵ġ
ȻŪⷬزҲûˡ
ǺŮǰĻƵĻֽѾС룬ЩĹ¶ס


63 ͭǮ
鵽ֵزѾ֪ʲôǿ־ˣΪвѾĽ֣ĸŮǰһȻôŮĶ֣
һҶ𣬱һ˱ȪһǷµծж֮߳¾Ҫ˿̵ҲܹΪ־һһһѣͽԴɳȥӱ⣬ҶҪһӺһͦţȥееΡ
ǺŮһĳҿߵЩһŵĺȻ죬ΪҽҽӲֱͦˮҵ󣬳ǺŮüĿˣҪɱңҵȥλźС޹أһҪŹǣҪȻˣҲһܵܵظүҲҪֻһ
˵ԴǣĿ¶׹⣬ͦȥǺŮΪŮЩ֮ڲмһˣȴǰ㣬˵Щ֮ǺŮͻȻͣ˽Ųһ˫΢΢ѪɫӽĶң΢΢һЦһ԰׵ָָ˹ٴεĨ̵Цݣһͷһ촽ǺŮ԰ֽͻȻһݺܲѪ˿쳣ſС죬һĺֻ֮һҪըһʹθһɽһ㡣
ؿڣһֻĻסˮͷʱ򣬷ΧΧĽļŻɫһ˲;ҵȼΨһһҲ˻ҽҵĸЩȼյĻֽһͬȼң
ٴ̧ͷʱ򣬷ǺŮεħַӵͳҺˮǿբĺˮһ㡣
ˣˣ
֪һ̣ΨһľǾԼһ˿ŬˮıڻԼҲһУҲ֪ܲãΨһˡ
ЩεĶδ˵ϣҾ͸еһɳǵ͸ƺȫѪҺסˣҵݲס´ˮӱҵĻ䣬ƺˮૣСŸ硭Һ¡
֮ҵĳţԵǰĲ԰
ǰǧƴҲɱһѪ·ƫƫԵһֻⱲӸе飬ĶǰΨһľֻǱĿûκλ֮
ΪԼҪ˵һ̣ͻȻֳתΪǺŮɳȥŻҲվˣȻֳҵϣŲվлǰͭǮ
ŵӷĶڴĺʲôȻɫ䣬𣬳Һˮӿ
һʱһӭ֮ƺ̺ĳЩҺˮЩεĶ˳ȥ
ֿһηһ˻ߵź֮ǰͭǮŽһѻԼƣѪ˲佫ͭǮŽȾ죬ţŽǰͭǮŽ׷ɵ˰֮С
֮ϣڵҹĻ֮Уһէ֡
öĿԡ
ǰͭǮŽʱֽ⿪һĹâһƬΪҫ۵ıһģͭǮ֮䣬ͳЩεĹХ
ЩεĶƺΪηỤ̄ⷬ׷׷İźȥ
ǣЩϾ˰ģЩͭǮת˲кܶͭǮЩεĹϣЩҽжûüʱɢˡ
ʱתͷǺŮķһۣȴһеģݺܲѪҲʧˣֻͷͷҲתͭǮһĹȫ
ҲЩŽͭǮǺŮ˹ȥֵǣǺŮƺһ͸ķƵģЩŽͭǮһ߱㵯俪ȥ˲ķֺ
ΪǵͭǮ׼ǺŮһʱâ貣ƺƵһѹ̬ǺŮȻ¡
⼤ĵһĻҵΪ֮𺳣ŹûҿһˣҪûˢӣôŮأҾͲŮܶס


64 
ҪŴˣⱲͷһο׽Ū˺ңû뵽ǣ̫̫Ȼܹ˿ֲ
һʱ䣬ҶЩˣҲ̫ţˣһܹı£Ҫ˧ĲҾ徣գ
ԭҵôʲΪڿŷų֮ҵ̫ˣ޷ҲҴʱ˿̵飬ڲ֪ΪʲôͻȻðһֵ뷨Ҫһܹ׽ݺء
ҾԼ̫˰ɣԸͨˣҿɷŵħǰģƫƫָңҸˮѾͷһͷͻȻð˳
һľͷ׮һɵ㶵վ̧ͷǺȻµıͭǮǺŮʣﻹţС㣬һСѾͷƬӣҪɴء
ûֻ꣬ź淢ȴҴ۾ŪͭǮȻǺŮʱͻȻǺŮ֮ǰͣ
ԭǱͭǮɵһâʢӲӣͣǺŮǰʱͻȻȻŬĳǺŮȥĴţͣתȴҲ޷ǰһһ
˲ʹסˣʲô
ŶŴˣŮУǲð
ҺˮߵǸͱǺŮƻˣʱҺˮٴԭѾôκôһ£̾ͱˮǱ߱˹ȥҲֻŲܹסҺˮȫ
ұˮߵ󣬾Ϳɫվһ߸棬ǻһ˿ѪӶ΢΢˫ڼѵ־ÿһޱȵļѣӦͨ־ǣǸͭǮͼǺŮ
ʱҲ֪ðһͷźšŮ̫ˣ򲻹Ǿܰɡ
Ȼƺ⻰ţûг߿һۡ
ıҺܿȷһ㣬ǾܸûãСѾͷһˣǲݣܵﶼһͨ㣬ҾͱͣŵĿźǺŮ
˽˼ӵӣȥǺŮʱͻȻǺŮһЩ仯ǾͻȻָ̧üĵǸͭǮָ˹ȥ
ɵĻζһС֣һָƵ־Ȼתͷ߿һۣ۾΢΢Ѫ죬̺Ѫ벻мڸ˵Ϊһ־һ𣿼ֱЦ
ҴǺŮиоζ
ǺŮָ΢΢һǱͭǮʱҵĶ˲ûκιʣһڶҶ߾ͳһХ֮Լлһڲ죬ǱͭǮͳױˣͷ¾ۺϣֻһͨͨͭǮŽź߼ٷ
ⱱͭǮ󳹵ѵһ̣ŵ͵һΣſڱһѪֱͦͦľͳȥ
š
ҴһһΣͽסŵӣʱſһֱѪӺᣬһ;ƿ֮УȻŲûб۾һֻץסҵӣ˵ſ¡
ʶı˵˵ϣһâҺ׷˹ȥֱǰһô֮ϣ֮ǰõǰͭǮŽ
ſӻûͻȻ֣һ£ϰ͵һѽˮ˹Ƶҵߡ
һִӲﾾһ֮бһĨɫ
Ҫʲô
ֱ㶵ĿһۣʶĳǺŮķȥ
һۿȥҲٴεһǺŮ֪ʲôʱ˺ܶεĹٴκƺƵĳӿ
ǺŮ׵壬ֻǰֲģ޲ý̻
ȻˣһΣҪŲס˰ɡ
ӲվӲҵҺαҪΪ˰ɡ
һҧҪźˮǰһѽסҡҡͷ
ɷ˵ű㽫Ĵһ૵˵Ϊǳòʦ͸ͽĹˡԸܹҹ


65 ֮
˵仰֮󣬵ԼٶһָԼüĴһʱüĵĲλһϸСĿӣһԲѪָ׸ѪȻǺɫ֮ıһ㵭ɫĽ֣һˣΪŵüĴѪֳɫ
ףžͽǵüĴѪǸϣҳûһۣŵһ񣬶һշ𣬲ҲЩʯҲЩľͷ̵֮ʮ־£ȥӦЩˡ
ǵδüĴеķϵʱǷһɲǼų⣬Ϊĳ뵶ȥƺƵ޾ɱ֮ׯϷ𷨣޿״ҺԼˮС
ǡʱǺŮεĹӿһ㳯˹
Ȼһ׼ǿĺŮĶŵһסȻȫǶ࣬ΪǺŮЩεĹһǹֵķΧ֮ڣʱܵǿҵų⣬ǺŮƺҲܲסɢĽ⣬ʱƵĵ˳ȥЩεĹ͸ֵһˣֵ̤ĽⷶΧ֮ڣʱһ̣ʣ
ôĹһǹɢĽʱͰ˲٣ɫٴαĲҰףڵϣһֱڱһ˫ָָϥ֮ϣ˫΢գֻ¶һ϶΢΢ζһǣʮ⣬ʣȴֺ´һ˲أ˵С϶ֻվְﲻʲôæҲǸż
ˮѾ̵ſˣƺҲܿǺŮССһֱıҵĴȣȫĨҵĿϡ
ŶⷢţֻǰţƹصԵʣһֱ΢΢ζ
ǺŮɢĽˣȴԲģһΪŭŤȥ쳣վڹֵĽ֮⣬һ˫Ѫĳ߿˹ҵҸ֮ӡ
ǺŮͻȻٴηһĺУ϶ʱһѪкʣЩεĹٴγ߳
ŮŴײֵĽϵʱٴΰ˼֣˼鲣һѺۡ
ŵӾҵҡȥֻһ룬ӣǴӿһѪߡ
ʱٴα˼ֵķȻ۾˫īǿգܹһУ߿δ֪촽·ͻȻڤڤػ׵𣬹ٽŹѸ٣׽飬լ̫ͥϾħ𣡡
һ䶨˷ͻȻ𣬲֮ϺƷϸ΢绮˲񷣬ܿûںڰ֮Уʱ䣬ͻȻоһǿ󲻿״Ϣ˷һӿ˹һһ㣬˽İǹԭѾȻĽͻȻâʢ貶ĿεҶЩ۾
ڵķΧ֮ҵĵطһεϢǰϢ͸ģ͸ĵطֳָһ֣Ҳ֪ЩǷġ
ö֮ӿ֮УӳϣǺŮЩεĹﲻͻ֮ڡ
ӳ֮ſȥƣˣһֱǿŵҲ޷֧ţһѪȫҵϣһɵ˵ϡ
šҴʧɫæŲٿŵʱ򣬷Ѿû˿ѪɫϢҲġ
̡̡ôˣ
ˮѾͷһӾ˵ŵĻ
Ÿɿ˼ٴ³һѪĭӣʹգ۾ŻһǻƵ۾һۣ˵ҡѾˡܻǡǾǵ
šʲôҪ˵ˣЪЪҡѾǸмˣҪ֪Ū˵ʲôҲҽԺˡ
Ҳ֪ģұһᣬ䣬ţ̫Ĳ˼𺳡


66 
û뵽ŪֵزҪ˲صĴۣܻҶһʱ䣬һ컹һܹŹȥϵˣҾԲѾǷ˼̫ˣ̫ˣȻֵܵΪ˳ⷬģҶ֪˵Щʲôл
һ̣һܹԺӾǵţҲһҲҪ˼ҵĶ飬¸˼Ҳ޶ǻ±Ͷ̥ҲҪݴ
ҼĻôֹסˣһӿ޵ʱ򲻶࣬СʱҰִĻѪӡӣҲ޹һʮȺŹҲûеһᣬʱ˿̣˼ҵǰҿ޵ľһӣˮ޵ĻҪס
ˡһСӣ޿ģʲôӡûҼˮų棬ˡٴ˵
һٴ˵ϡ
̧ͷһ⻷Ƶǵϣ˵Һķ˴ΪʦĹˡѾ߾ȫ飬סŮҲûİ취ˡ
תͷҲǺŮķһۣˮһ͸Ưģһֱڲͣת֮⣬εĹһηĳϺݺݵײǺŮѪҲڷײϣЩεĹﻹһЩǵڶ࣬ײ֮Ͻһɢ³ɵ˺СǺŮܲѪͲһˣÿһײҶܹоϵĹâҪ֮һЩЩ΢΢ζŸղŶǸۼ֮ӴȻгȡΪãѾǺŮˡ
ʱֵͷŵڵϵǸһۣҲдĴָС˿ɢĿʹ⻪ԼУҿһЩ޿ĥϢȫ͵ǹ֮УǹתӣٴɢһԴάϵ
ϱǺŮײײȥҲ߽һ̣Ϊǵ顣
ҵŵϣɫ΢һЩʵţˡ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳǻ񵽲ӵˣ뱲ӣѾˣھˣҲûʲôԹԣΨһĵľŮˮԺ󰡣ûҵϣٳʲôʧ
˵ٴο˼ҿܲζ
һ£ֵҵˡҲ˵ģȷأղΪ˶ʦĹ𣬶һξѪ⾫Ѫֻ޵֮˲ɣǵ֮˵ıԴ֮þѪζż٣ҲļҪǴģþѪǿù𷢻֮һֹ̫ĵز޵ܹеĵ
˵˵ţͻȻҡҡͷ˵˰ˡֻһͨ˰ˣ˵ô࣬Ҳ
ЩȷʵҲɽ֣һʮҪ֪ǹǺŮ飬ǱʵšǺŮֻǽĹһᣬΪʲôôҪֵȼ𣿡
Ųÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵˵ǸĹҲȥŮΪʲôôҲȴΨһԿ϶ǣŮĵкܸߣûпĻŮѾһڸֹ֮еѾǼߵˡ
ɶ˼ɻ
һ֮ҪɹһĹ޺ģ˶ҪߣֻأΪˣǷҲǺ֮ˣδҪȵٵ֮󣬵ظŻ½ֻأδ˾νĹ»ҰҲûʲôϵصĵطǺ֮ˣԹĻͻԹ̶ֳأͻ˲һΣˣҲײԹᵹùһӣЩСģҲ޷ԹľǶֹרź˵ˣԹЩֻأҪˣֶĵвǺܸߣͨʿ׾ٵĽˣһεıˣֹףԴ˹֮󣬱ûҪ½ֻأִ̫ֻź˵ֹ


67 
ʮ꣬ȫڹûκθ˵Ǹ֮ǰҲǲŵģΪͷʮ꣬Ҵûмʲôģ˵ˣͨĹҲûһΣôͳأ
Žô༶𣬿ⱲӶ֪ЩϡŹֵĶǰڵϿ۹Ƭ¹ʲôһоֻкù֣֮ǿĹǸŹǺùɱ˺Ķû뵽滹ô˵ʱûסţǲǾѾǳˣǰŮǲǱҪ
ſЦҡҡͷǶӣ̾ϢһŵŮֹѾһĹ̫࣬ҲԵŮνǰҲѵһˣ滹͹ɷȻŻɹһ˵У˴֮ǿԻɵģǾǽ˼ԵŮѾﵽ˹ĵزȻҲᱻ˳ģҵһۿʱ򣬾ѾСǱˣԲž֮ΪʵǶûκΰ취û뵽ǣеĻҪѶԸʦҵĹˣκβľӲţŹ⼫Ʒ֮άַϣԴ˵ֵĹܳŵʱ֣ǾܻŲǾֻԴˣֶ֮ǰ붼ĶʱܹҲǿ۽磬뱲ˡ
˵Уٴθɿ˼ŴǺڲڴһСƿӣȡ˼ҩ裬һȫƬ֮ɫźһЩ̧ͷǷĿһۣɫþöû˵һȻʮġ
Ҳ˳߿ȥ֮⣬εĹХϵĳײ׵ĺŮѪڣһһεĳϺݺײϺǹܹ֮СʱŲס
˵Ǽٵģֵȴʹ࣬ÿһÿһ붼ڼ尾оʱסˣϣܿɢеҪȡĹĹҰֻҪһҲùԹԵĹȥⱲӣûһڴĳҵľǣզͻأ
ڽĵȴУֿ̧һ±ڲ賿㣬뻹Сʱһʮʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܲܳŵ̫
ˮһӦˣϾСԣٿ־壬ҲסϮֱſŵ˯ˣ˯֮Ҳʱҭ죬۽Ǵۣģ
ŵûļǣֻڵϣ˫ָһ־΢˫ĿӦڵϢϾղŮһս˼̫ʱĿУϽָһ¡
֪ſ϶Ҳһֱڹ۲ΧĶΪҷĶÿһʱ䶼΢΢Ķһ¡
żȻϢҲҴţôãһ̤ʵû˯ҲˣŵķΧ֮£ҿ϶˯ŵģֻŵߣ۾ֱĶǺŮǺŮƺ֪ڿ˫ӳɨ˹
һۿȥٴθе͸ÿһëֱ˲ͺһ麮Ӳģľվŷȥ
ֻǸһһĵͺ˶ƽһס

ٴλһ𣬴һ£âڱĸоͻȻʧղһҲ֪ʲôֻ㶵վתͷš
ʱѾ۾һȻ˵Ͻ£
۷˻ȥŵߡ
Žֵ۾ԹǣԻղǲǿ۾ˣ
ȻҸѣ˵ͷ
ֵҲٿ۾ҪĵĻͱ۾ЪЪ϶Ҳۻˡ
ӦһٴߣղſһǺŮ˵˵ɶҲȥ۾ˣֻǵͷ̧
ʱһһţʱƣеĨ־ͽĵʲôħ֣һֱţҲЩϰΪˡ


68 ɱҰ
߹Хתչơ
ֻ֮£ҵϮҪʱ̫ˣѾٵգ⼸һֱľսƣҲЩˡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҵƤһֱڴܣ˯֮ʱͻȻоһȵϢӭһˮϣһһ𣬶ʱѣȫޡ
۾Ȼʱ򣬾ͷѾվӣٴǰͭǮŽһĿǰٴһ㡣
ãȻ޴룬֪ʲô飬ֵ̿ʵţզˣ
ŵ۾һֱĿǰ˵ڿˣǹҪǽΧеͼͻƹ֧ŵϣѾ乥˴룬ֻټһӵʱ䡭
˵ҽеһ˿ҲûˣĿڴǱ˺ݺһȭ۵ҵһתϵķ˹ȥ㿴ƯĵĵطѾʮϡЩƺ˺ܶ࣬ʮһڷΧС˺ֻܶ࣬һԲһװСȦӽɢİ
޷ܵǣ֮ڣƺϡ˼֣ץסҵĲӣһʮֵѡ
֮⣬ǺŮѪɷ죬εĹ˷ȫһγһƺƵĳŹķ˲ͽҵ߶ʱһƬŨĺǰʱһƬʱʱֵķŵӰ
޴ĿֻŸٴνûҸоԼ˿̱һ޴Ұ̽˶һε
ȥչ˺ˮｻˡԶ
ӦһŷĵĹâҵˮ֪ʲôʱѾ˹ڵϴ޲ֹһֱ̣ҹȥһѾͽοҪ¡
⻰û˵꣬ǰͻȻһƬڰֲָ
ţһٴӿ˹Ǳһͷ񱼵Ұţݺݵײһ£ֱӾͷ˳ȥ
ڰ֮УһɱϢʱָȫҾҺǸմȹֵ˱һգ۵Ĺᵽ˱ĸоˣȫһɾ޴ʹУÿһ񾭶ۣڰ֮з˺һҲźݺݵ˵ϣڰеʱʶĽˮת˹ѹҵϡ
صʱ򣬻ĹͷҪɢˣͷһ˿˿ζſڵϾ³һѪеˮֱӱ˹ȥ
ǹɺڳϢˡ
ǰһ͵Ӱ˿ȴԵޱȸߴһˣһͭǮŽ˺ǰǰ棬ǺŮƯڰ֮УٴεаȵЦݣǵó֮ЦݣΪùõǵڱˣҪȡ˵
žҵʹһӣŵķȥ
͵ֱͦһЩǺŮеͭǮŽǰŲһͬʱǺŮҲˣֻһ֣һɺѪͳײ˹
һҽС
շһ㵹˳ȥһߣȻص£þˤҵߡ
š
һſڣѪʹ˳˿˿ģһ˿͵վԵڵء
κͷؽᣬղһˤĺҶ֪ʲô飬ͷ˳ȥ
˿̵ŵİΣӲų˹ȥͷһҲ˹ȥһֱͣڻѪҲ֪ǻ
ⷬΣһʹ־ͳŵıǶ˴˹ȥҲ֪ǻ
ǵĵڷˣ֧ŵķվǱǺŮˣעӴ˽١
ֻǲҵִŵıӣһޱȵϢϮ˲佫ҰϤģѪҺĸоٴγ֡
֪ǺŮˣνĹҪҵ
ҵֶסˣ̧ͷǺŮƯҵǰһͷڷƮ裬ƵѪܲڲ԰׵ϣһ˫ѪĶңǻĨаЦݡ
ŭ˿־壬ҶݺݵĿŭͲôϣɱҰɣ֮󣬱صĵס
ҵĻû˵꣬һֻС־סҵĲӣǷָ״Ƥ⡭


69 ưո
Ůľһ麮ֻ֩һѪ˿סҵĲӵʱҾȻû˿ķӶһҲܣһֻ׵ĸҲһƬ˼άҲסˣ͸оʲôҪѳҵ壬ҵʶģǰǺŮҺܽҿԹƺѪ˫۾Ⱳ󿴵һ˫۾˫Թ۾Խɡ
ʼգҶŮΪʲôҪɱңѵΪһ
սҶʮҲʲԸȴ޿κΣ±ӣܹѡĻһҪˡ
ѪҺǺŮָĴѾҲоʹΪҵʶģǰǺŮҲˡ
Ҽ۾һ̣Լһ죬֮󣬶ʱòҵֻһɣҵһεķ˳ȥص˵ϡ
ʶһ˲ͻָ˹ҿʼڵĴϢʪһƬȴѪֹҲַ֪ʲô飬ʶͷͳǺŮķȥʱǺŮѾƮ˳ȥ˫ѪƺֵĲʣ޲һڽ̽ĸоӰԽԽԽԽʧӰ١
ˣŪЩεĹҲӵʱڿٵɢȥһƬ
㶵֪ʲô飬ѪһֱͣĻ䣬ҵϣȵѪҺڻţһҺǰȥˡ
ôˣǺŮϾͿ԰ɱΪʲôͻȻ뿪
벻ͨҲûʱȥ룬˹ȥڵϣؿ΢΢ţӣӦûʲôģĻһֱûлӦǻȥˡ
Ž̫ˣⷬҵӣһεӵģΪ˶һ죬ҺαҪŪⷬģ
ֳˮķȥղѾ˹ȥҲ֪ʲôʱģˮѾ޳һèССӿһɪɪ
һ˹ȥˮһ˵СèҹȥҲŵĶ޵Ѿ췢ˡ
һοˮڲô֣ͬһؼҡ
ˮûܵʲô˺ǺŮҪĿҶԲûж֣ߣҺһֱڻСѾͷ
ǣˮ֣ŵߣصűϣˮںţͳķȥ
֪ʲôʱѾˣһ˿ǰף֮⽫ִأ˼ɢоþòɢƣǰͦϲҹȴرηڰһҹٵʱҽҪԵĻδ֪
ŮһûɱңϾԲưոݡ
һСɽԼоͿɽ֮壬ʱҲź֪ԭôӲԶǰ߰ͷܹżǺŮǰ֪ЩʲôƵģľ͹ȡҵ
ٸһЩʱ䣬ż಼ãŵ϶⡣
Ӻƣʹѣϵ˿ѾѪˣǻʹɰͰ͵ѪڲϣҺܲ
ұŵſڵʱѾ
ˮµĴԶţұžֱȥݡ
ʦĻԱߣһӣұ㽫ŷ档
ôˣһҲȥҽԺţܵ˲ͨˣҽӦòʲôô
ҼץΧֺ˼ûлӦȡһЩ¿ˮźȣһζûкȽȥ
ˮվԱߺ̣Ͽ޵ɤӶˣ̵ѹһɽ
һηԼôûã޲ߣʲôˡ
һ߰οˮҪżֻ˯ˣһһԼȴȻ˵ϣһƬ֪ôӺ
ڵϹԼĪʮӵĹ⾰һɿȵͻȻæתͷȥͻȻתѣˮҲΪЦ˽ŵĻ
šˡҼĲһٴ
һûлشҵĻٴα۾ãɳ˵һϡڰˡ


70 һ
ǰһڰˣΪǸ˲صĴۣˣˮŵ񾭻㱣ҲһͱǺŮΪܹһ죬
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ҾòֵܹѡһΣҾԲŻһ϶ھ⣬һʲôأ糬
鵽زѾܹκλˣô˳һ˼ǺŮνĹǼֱǳΡ
ʮӣҲ֪ʲôã֮󣬲ŵţ˳ҡΪ
Сӡ鶼ѾȥˣͲҪˣڲǻö˶˵Ļ𣿲Ҳֻܰ㵽ˡΪ˶Ըǹҵķ˴롭֮ڶٶˣھ߰ɡ֮Ե־͵㻹ţ͵һˣ㲻˵췦˭Ҳûа취
Ųҽ˵꣬ҵĻǰΣûס
һǶŵţϵôأ費ҪʲôҽԺ
ҡͷϵֻԼ˭ҲﲻңͷİɣֻҪ϶˵ġ߰ɣסӵĻţһˡ
ҵ˵ͷȴ룬ţôܻţǺŮжѾʶˣһϣǺŮٴҿ϶ϻӣܻŹǻǿЦˡ
룬һǶ˵šܻţһл˼ҵĴ¡
˵ţҹڵϣĸſһͷ
İ˰֣۾ֵ߰ɡ
վ߳ŵӣĪһˣҲ˵Ϊʲô߳ŵСԺʱѾĺ紵ϣҴһսµһ죬⼸ÿȹһҹǻһƣ̫ˣҸطЪЪţúõ˯һȻһٷʢĴͣȻٵȴҹ٣ݵһ
ȥһǾҽԺһ˰ɣټӺ־ǿǣϰҹƵŴ׸һγʬѾȥһѾѹ˰ɣǶһ浽ֵܣһ죬Ǽһ档
Ұ裬˵һ绹ҪȥҽԺңҲȥĻǿ϶ᵣҡ
һˣҲòлǾҽԺСʿǰһæ֧ӲҽҪȻûа취ˣһҪлһ
뵽ұ⣬ͷһŵǸСԺ̤ȥҽԺС·
ģ·ϵ˺٣Ҳ࣬ӸǿٿǮѾһһɶȥܣҪֱߵƶѾˡ
Ҳûа취һǮѵӢۺǺڣ֪ӸǿһЩǮˣҲ㾽ȡ
ʱŷ֣ڵ̫ˣкö鶼û
ʧǣ۵һʬС·ϣһ˰СʱһСɽ˴·ϣҺӾ·
һ·ţͻȻһɫСγһɲͣҵߣһûзӦһϤҶ𣺡СŸ磬զԺˣ
һͷһжʱϲסҵǸ߸ڴһˣ峤ͺӼҵĶСӣӾҺǴͷӳСǼȥҽԺ
Сô
СӵСждСӱС꣬ѧʱ򣬸Ҳûס
ϸһۣСŸ磬·־ǿǣһѪ«ƵģһĹͺö˶˵վ·ˣˣӸôˣ
ʵһƤˣûɶ¶ϳҸѣ˵ƣʱŷûǮⲻҽԺأȥѹûУˣǴȥİ
Ȼ˵ŵ飬һСѣܹȥҲʣֻ˵аСŸ磬ȥһˣϳɣҴȥҽԺ
ȵľ仰˵˳ţ˸ʻһţͽ˷ɻڴ·Ϸ۵糸


71 Σ
ɶʱѧĳҶ֪û뵽⿪ļͣڸʻϵҲЩľսû¶ƵĻ̸Ц
СŸ磬Ӹǣһ糿ɶһ̻Ƶģ֮һε˵ϣɰҸŵģҿɷϱŽһ̧ϣ͵ҽԺѪǣϴͻҲǮţҳϻѪζء
һ˵һӳŵһɵѪζЩҪ϶˵Ǽڰˣͷ飬ȻҲ͸©ʵ飬ֻǽҰĻָ˵һ飬˵ͷȺ
м٣һ˵ǣ˷ܵĸʲôƵģզզ˵һȥͷǣһһǹó
һС㶺ģ˵һǹȥͷǻ㲻ÿ£һСٵǽĹǿɾˣæȰ˵ҪȥǸط˵ȺʮͷǣһǹŪûըţôܶԸôǣ˵˵ŴСȥͷͷ
󣬶˵⳵ǽһǵģˣǮʱǸˣûǮ˵죬ծҲˣһҺȾƺȶˣģһϾҡ
˵˵ţӷʻ˲һСʱǾҽԺſڣҲûɶ¶Ϲ䣬Ҳһȥǡ
ǲһģҵļƻˣܲͻ˼ңǱ˵ȥǣȻزЪЪҲʵ̫ˡ
ԴȻҲûɶͣҽԺſڣֱȥ˲
ҿһֱѾ糿ŵˣҲ֪ҰûҽԺ￴ңߵʱǸ˵һģһЩʱҰңһ϶ûдҽԺǷˣҲý
һصʱ򣬷һҰ軹ûйһֵҵ顣
ǣæ˲ŷֱ˴ϡ
һ£о̹Ҹ̤ʵ˯ĵطˡ
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˷ܵϲĻҲûȴĪһǶˣǳװγϵʬܹҲͷˡ
˵򣬲ٴαƿϰһ˽һ˵ЦģſվһҵЩЦЩζһļƤ


72 үүҪ
ԭڲϵģϾվתͷҰϹŹֵЦݣͻȻ;ЩΣʱһ죬æ˵ǡɶúϢɣ⼸첻Ҫ߶ȡЩԺ
˵ţվͷܣ赱ʱסȺͱˣ˼Ҿ͸ϱƵģһѾסС֣к߰ĻᣬˣûСסﰡ
һö⣬ֱʵ˼Сͨ죬֪ôӲˣֶ֪ķţһ˾ȵģҲЩΣæ裬˼ʿ߰ɣ˵˵ҽԺҵĻǿʿģǲͰģ
ܺӣ迴ʿͶԵ˼Ҷļզˣ㿴㻹ܸˣƶ죬һûɶˣڼҿ㣬ɶ˵ġһ˵
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뵽Īı֮ͻЩƸУܿתͷϰ裬ܶ࿴һ۾Ͷ࿴һۣļ˽죬ǾҪһܲݵ顣
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ǶԶԶԣǺһѣҰ֣ôͽ㲻أһܽ˼ʿզ
ҰƽϢеŭҪˣǶλ˼ҺһЩܵҲԼӵģҽ˵ǲȾûɶ¶ˣǸҴԵûУڼˣҶզôء
˵ţ̧ͷǽϵĹӿһۣҲѾһˣһ۾˯˺üСʱûˡ
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˵ţͽеķзϣ֮һɷζƮɢҵͷһԵĺͽ㣬ʱʳָ󶯣⼸һֱûԷȷʵ¶˵һٺԺ
ҳԷҰһ˵СŰүү֪ˣ㡭
ϰֵĻ￩һ£еĶ̧ͣͷҰ˵֣С¶ôүү˵ˣԶһ˶಻ףҾܳԺˡ
үүͽʮһסһ˼ʡзݲ£ǹҹԱǸС쵼ǾʲôģҾͲˣ칫ĵطȥһΣһƬϾɵİ칫¥ſӶûңүүһ䵥İ칫ңҵӡû¶Ͷڰ칫￴Ȳ裬ֻһر֣үӶôһˣ˵͸ڼ帣ˣںö˶˵Űࡣ
үүôıݲ£Ұ趼ֵ֪ǣүƢŹ֣һסһ𣬰˵үӦܹҰֺʡıݲµģȴƫƫһҴϼũһ굽ͷҲؼҼˣʱҲͱ꣬ûлؼҹꡣ
үܰһϴķ׵ɽװһϣžǹҸɲСҿͷ˵ҪңһЩϰߡ


73 Ϭһͨ
Ǽλүصģһ굽ͷҶأǻˣҲڼңżڼҲٸ˵ҵӡУүһʮˣʹһɲŭҸүҲ㲻׽ҴСԵʣѧûúϣͨĴѧûϣбҵ֮ҲǵϹ죬үӹƱ˲Ųôҡ
ǱϾϵֳɴСһСȥүӲңҲ˵ȥ
ʵұǲԸүģΪһͽţߣһ糿ˣһ𣬺α˼ͽġҵˣҾҾ󣬹үӿ϶ܲˡ
Ҳûа취飬˭ôùء
԰ٷղŻ˯һʱþղ˵־ǿСѾ˹ûʲô飬ȥǡ
ϰڲҸ֪һͳС־ǿĲȥ
ȵ˲֮󣬷ǵĲΧŲˣС־ǿ˶ڣмŰ״ӵҽڸ飬һϲӡ
ǸҽЩ˷ܵ˵˵ĲѾֹͣ񻯣һָĺܺã˵¾ͿԳԺˣǶԷġ
С־ǿļ˶ԼҽǧлǼҽҲЦŵͷܿͳ˲
ʱС־ǿȻȥԼܹҲԵʮָˣСһתͷͿվڲſڵңССŸ硭ˡ
Ӧһǿοͳ˹ȥǵļҲĸҴкһģȫϽַԵʮȡ
һкܶ໰Ҫ־ǿС˵ǵļ˵塭ɶҰҲˣҲţҪģҸСǻЩ˵
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Ƕ֮ҽŹˣߵ˲ԱߣӶ
תͷһۣ϶Ц⣬Ǳ˴ղӽĹһ߰ëʬ֮죬һֵҵ飬Ƕˣʲôá
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־ǿٺһЦСŸ磬İɣǾȱۣҲ˵ǱʬӵģǷǰǵ񾭲ɡ
СҲЦղұ־ǿѵ磬ԺľҰڸ־ǿİͷǵ飬ÿ϶СŸ㳶ģҾһֱװ˯־ǿѹ֮˵ǱͷǸӵģٺ١
ϬһͨʮֵûĬеģСУСӻ顣
˵գֳĬƬ̣ʼ˵ˣС־ǿʵǣԣӣһ͹ҵˣҲΣĸǱǾ߰ëʬӵģȫʬҩɽ⣬ҵѪͱȽ⣬лϵʬ֮⣬ǳأǵʱϵʬѾɢʼˣһˣͲͶҽ˹
˵šֵʱ־ǿСı鶼ЩԾ
־ǿŲ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵ʱʡרҶβˣһֱڶ񻯣ֻȥ˹û뵽Żľͽϵʬˣ֮Ը飬ǲ֮󣬾һȥúлл˼ңϾǵ
СɫĴǿ϶Ҫлл˼ҵģǡСŸ磬˵Ŀ԰׻ɶ飬Ͻ˵
뽫һȴǱϸС쵽ͷһ뵽˽Ҳˣһ㣬ۿͺˣҲﲻס˵õֵܣҲǣҸ˵ʵ֮ǴӦһҪұܡ
˵֣أ˶ͷ־ǿЩˣߴٵСŸ磬ɶ¶˵ֵܼһ𣬻ɶȥĿ
ҡҡͷεûˡ˴鷳ǸĹﲻһ߰ëʬһǸǽĺŮǵһŲҰףңͻȡҵҲκϣ


74 Ҫɱ
˵С־ǿһޱ𾪵ı飬־ǿǼĲһϵ˿ڣһƺߣ˻ȥűСŸ磬ôŪֵزðһûİ취𣿡
СҲ˵ǰСŸ磬Ǻò״ӽĹų˶ˣҲɥ϶а취ģ㲻Ÿǰγʬȥ˼ң϶ȵġ
ҡҡͷεûˡžΪ˰ңһǹɱҲˣٰˣ˲صĴۣҲҶһ죬ǽһº£ԺҪչ֮⣬ĸĸҲˣ׶һԴǣڵܻؼҿһۣѾǸмˡ
˵ıȴҲǴʵС־ǿЩܲˣۿͨ죬ܿĵСŵСŸ硭ɶҲ˵ˣҲǲһ̣ǧܷ⻹ڽĹǼ˵ģôԼȿ
СŸ磬һӵֵܣɶ¶һ𿸣ʹ䲡ҲȥҵҪǹʲôͷ۵Ĺһ֮󶼱ɹһܣһŪ־ǿҲ˵
ٴҡͷЦ˵ˣ˵ɵˣǰëʬǰëʬ״ʵĶǱȹҪ֪ٱĶﶼûа취ͨɶǰȫǰ׸ģҲǣҵֵܲŻ˵ģǧҪκ첻Ҫκ˵ҪȻҲֵܡ
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˵ţҾͳŲſڵķȥͻȻȴһ飬תͷ˵ˣһ鲻ò˵컹ҸǸǿٿǮҲԺл棬ҰǮϡ
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һ·λƵԼĲ˿̵ȴͻȻƽûмȥĿֻŸУҲûıˣҲ֪һ飬Ǵ˿̵ȴĺƽҾԼ̹Ȼȥˡ
ٴԼʱ򣬷ֲϰѾ֪ӰҲ֪ȥ˼ӲһҵҲ棬滳ɣǲǴӴϼġ
ĵٴ˲ϣһ۲ŵʱӣʱһһţεδ𣬻ڸĽŲһҿһ۵ĹѾĵˣٹСʱҪҹ٣δ֪ڵȴҡ
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ԸԼսԼҲ뱻ǹŵİȻ׾ٵĶȡԼôҡ
ʶģҵ۾ڲĴҪҵɱĶǲŲһСûпԼĶԼסĲڶ¥Դŵعƶˤ
ҿ˷һ֮󣬸ɱΣ
˰ɣҽԺѪһ룬ҲȻҲǹߵģˡ
ĥŸôɱĹ⾰ſͻȻһŲƿˣҿ˰裬Ȼ󻹿һˣǸ˱үү


75 滰
СŰɶʱģС־ǿǺЩûУղȥүүˣүүԶĴʡһ˶಻ףүү¡
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үӿ֮һ㶣ƺʮֳԾָֻܿȻүӵıתĺܿ죬ȴҲҿȴƣΪɶүӻı飬ѵʲô
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ү΢΢һЦ˵СŰʲôʱѧô˵ˣүүЩʶˡ
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үǸˮӣ۾ȴŲҲӵλãʵүү˵˵㲱ϵô¶
ҳһ£ٴѵԼӵģҽ˵ǲȾһӾͳˡ
ʱүͻȻЦһ˵ǲүү˵滰үү˵˵Σ
סˣѣѵүͨ
Ƭ֮үӾ֤ҵ뷨˵ϵǱʬӵģҲǣ
ǳ׵ˣŵϴ󣬺һŵô֪ģ
һڣҲ֪˵©죬ǺѾˣүӾʲôˣôһ۾Ϳϵ
ү̾ϢһɫȻ˵ҿļʱһ죬ҹƾҪˡ
˵仰֮үﱳվ֮ٴתͷң˵ˣϽʰʰ·ߣ
үүȥģҰ˼⡣
ͷү³֣֮ʶִһ飬ǸطجεԴͷҶȥڶΡ
һԥ˵ǣүȴҷֱ棬ֱӾĿ˵һ飺͸үүߣģүүǲẦġ
ȻȴİΣ˼һˣͷɲ˭ȥĵط±үүǵطȥ


76 ֳ
ŶүӻͷٴοңʵΪȥã
⻰ʵЩ֪Ƭ̲ŵүүѾˣκˣ׽ˣҲΪܵκ˺ͷǸطаԵĺܣнʬһȺ֪ðĻǣһ
ţүү֪ˣⶼ㿼ǵ⣬ֻܴүүȥǸֽʬĵطͺã߰ɡүٴƽ˵
ұȰү䣬ǿүЩõ飬һӵĻֱ˻ȥֻð˼˵ģŷԼ·
үӶ˵תͷߣһµ˵үүȥͷ
ǵүӲˣתͷҵ˵һˣôģҲȥѵĿ
˵仰үӲٴңתͷߡ
ֻʵʵĸү󣬾ֱ߳˲
ﲻƣүӺ֪ͷգȴƺһҲη壬үҪô㶺ˣҪô汾£ܹԸͷЩյĶôҲƲүд͵ˣֻһҵĹԱڰ칫Ȳ迴ѵ׽ҲšүӸӳ⣬ϬһҲУ״̬ȫ
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ϰƺЩģֵСŵȥİһ϶
ţͱˣСŰԺͺãүͻؼˡ
үͣ˵仰֮󣬾ʹ¥ҽԺĴȥ
˵ˣҰҲٶʣһͷһ΢ЦʾǷģүүͳҽԺ
ҽԺſڣүүһ֣һɫİµϳ˹ʵҾһ£үүҲ̫ˣôõĳǸɶģ
ǳ֮ͣһ˾æ³үү˳ţ˵ֳȥģ
߸ڴ塣
үүֻǵ˵һ䣬˳һ㶵վЩ޷ǰ
үɶʱ˾ֳˣǰզͲ֪أⱣܱҲ̫ˣ¶Ұֶ֪ôһүүһȥʲôֱ˼ҸŸˣ
ʱүֵһֵۣϳ
æӦһͷ˳
˾ܿ췢˳ӣŸ߸ڴķȥ
ڳ֮үӾΣĿǰȻôңкܶʣһֱţԥãŵүүɶ˼ҾʲôϰడʲôʱϾֳˣ
үӻͷһۣɫ΢һЩŵЩ㻹ǲ֪ĺãҪǽүүҲ֪ģ˵ǵүүϵ֮ɡ
Ȼүڲ˵Ҳ׷ʣֻñտڲԡ
ү˵仰֮ͱ۾һ˫ַϥϣһ·֮Ҳû˵һ仰
ȷʵǧذת飬һһĪͨ붼룬֪үүʲôǾϲǾš
ø°߷ڣת˰Сʱų˳ǣŸ߸ڴķȥҿŴķ羰һζ²үүнᷢ飬ﲻ⻹Щš
үүѵܹԸǽĹĽʬǸŮ
ԴҲ벻һҹְԱܹЩĶʲôϵ
ʻ˲һСʱ˸߸ڴĸʱүү˾ͣͷ·ߡ
Ҹүүһ˳˾Ҳ
үүһ仰˵һС·Ÿ߸ڴĶȥﲢͷķɻҲʣүү϶Լš
һ·֮ҲŷүүĿģԭүүߵķҼصڡ
ǰʱһҰһݹ档
үүҲǹġ
ڴӶһбżͷ泤˻Ĳݣүүߵ̵ķǰ˵ϣ̵ĹãǸ˾ֵֽǮͼ򵥵ļƷүүһһڷ̵ķǰֽǮͷˡ
Ķ̵ķͷ˼ͷ


77 ֮
֮ɫ΢ڣүү̵ķǰǸ˾ӹ˼Ѿȼ㣬ֱ˼ͷ֮ϣһЩֽǮүү͹˵ҲФˣˡ󱲹ܾڷڣ
˵ţүӾصĿ˼ͷҲүүһǿͷ
һУүүվɨһۼͷ۷˷һΣǳͷķȥ
˶һֱ沢࣬͹ļͷеķͷĹûУֻ֪ҵ棬Ǿ˭ЩҲ㲻
˴ͷٻаСʱ·̣үӼ֮󣬽ųͻȻӿ࣬һ·СŶЩϣоүӲһʮͷƺҺ˺ܶࡣ
үүǸ˾Ҳһ·ͽүүңеɽ·ߵ㼱٣Ҳһ¡
ղϸ˾һۣ俴ʮͷüĿģһ㣬ŴͷҲүүһһɽװǺɫģܺԵøߴͦΣԵЩ˵ӣԴӼ֮󣬾û˵һ仰Ҳ֪
ǵͷʱɫѾȫģͻȻһ㵭İպемֹ졣
ʱүӺǸ˾ĽŲһЩǸǡ
ǰһξ룬ԼӵĹ⾰Ǿ͵ͷıԵش
һҵǻֵ̿ģһֻ֮Уǰ죬ҺǻЩطһЩѪҲ֪˭Ѫ
վͷıԵүӺǸ˾ͣһĳܴ
ЩŵݣҵһûУզ˵ҪҵҪүӷҪطǴңⱲӶ̤ͷ벽̫ˡ
үӺλ˾ڣƽһЩǲġ
˻һȦֻ˾ֳŨɭɭǲ֮أʮѲĶ֣ҪҪҴ绰Щֹ
үȴҡҡͷ˵Ѳļһû뵽ҵſڻֶܳҵĲˣȻɷҲûеֲʰĵزڵֹҲˡ
ֳڽȥ𣿡˾ʵ
߰ɣˣ˻ȥɣ
˵ţүӾͻͷȥ˾ǱϷƵĴóһŪ
һһ˵ĺȴɽ֣ⶼɶɶһһˣоүӸϴƵġ
ʱҲžԼЩ࣬ȫһɶļһ
ҸһǳһŵɽҰлУ˾һ￴һƣһʱ棬ʹչȥһۣŵľȻһ̣ⶫҼڵϣʿ׽ʱ򣬶˾绹
ǰһ·ͻȻһֱӵĸоٴȻâڱҴʮϳָоʶҾҪתͷȥҪתʱһϸ΢ʹ˹ǰֱߣҪͷ
̧ͷһ˵λ˾磬˾ֻһۣܿתԴ
ǰһξ룬ֱӵĸоԣܲڣͷȥ˾Ļȡͷ
ֹһߵͷصʱ򣬾ͲâڱĸоˣŵǹֵĳζɧģЩͷΡ
ʱǰ˾ͣóһݵҵǰСñš
ɶҵͷһ˾Ķںģָͷһϸ̡
ʣžˡ˾ֵһҲ
ͲˣүģүүǾֳǾֳӣզͶߺģͲܿһ
룬ҿɲ˵үӿֻܹԹԵĽӴȥһ£һ֮£һɶ˱ǣһҾһԴڵϣ̫ˣéӶûôѬĶƿڴֻǻûüſڣ˾ʹҶߣٴС˵ҪκξٶѰһǰߡ
ðɣˣһգ۵Ĺ򣬶ʱ࣬ǹ֮ǰƮɢΧɧ֮ҲŲˡ


78 ϲ
˾һǳĶ֮תȥү߼ͷȥҲԣֻš
үӺ˾絭̬ӦöһЩŵֻܼϣүӵıܹŸ࣬ҪȻͷ͸ûɶ
һֱɻǣүүһְԱһֳô飿
һֱ飬ֻ˵ͷ·ͻȻžײһ˵ĺϣӲģ̧ͷһ˾硣
ôͻȻͣ˾æֶһƣָŲԶһطС˵ǿ
ɻĳָķȥһҪʱŵҵһڲԶһƬĲݴоȻһˣԴһһģһĻ龰һͷ飬ʱҲû뵽ʱ龰ٴݣʱҾǿһ˵ĺ󱳣Ϊǣû뵽߹ȥһԴֱһһٰʮȴת䣬ŵƨһοΣ˵ǼٵģΪܻ᲻ôˣȻǽסڷ
ҺݺݵһĭŲүүС˵үүĲˡǸǴ
үȴЦһͷһۣм˵ʲôֻһ۷ѣƭĹˣƭϷ򣿡
˵УүͻȻһһӰʹ˹ȥǶޱȣҶûпүôֵģֻáಡһǸڻĲݴе˶ʱͷһҽУһԴԵ˵ϡ
ԣҽ˵ģĳҰޣƵġ
һе֣˾ʱӿ˽ŲŸղǸӰ˹ȥҸүүҲ첽ȥ
ߵһ˾һҶһһ㶣ⶫһֻŵĻǣ糿Һ־ǿȺеһֻֻǴĳ棬Ƶģֵǣϻһ·һһǮӲҴСѪһֱѪֹ
һֻ·Ļǣǳ׵Ժˣ㲻ʲôʵүүǾզ¶ô˵·
үүô˵ֻǿһ˾磬˾ҵʱǲǿһȻȥʱ򣬾ͻȻһ
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˾͵Ͷˣʵһʼͷʱ򣬾ͱһȺǸˣͨΧĞų仯ܹоȺǲ򵥣΢ЩеģػһֻϵеĻǣЩóɾ˵㣬㣬ǻͷųһ壬ܹԻ˵ĸй٣ŵʱˣͻ񾭣ʱ򣬱һֻǴ˵·װŪһ㿿ͻһΪ־֣ŵĻɢһЩľֱӱŷˣ㵨ӴһЩϵأûЩ֡
˾Ľͣ𾪵ĿɿڴҵţĸһҶȺǼٰģЩǻǳ˾ˣְ취ĳֲһͷŵһֵĳζЩǸɵģԴһ̤ƬأѾ˻ǵĵһŵűŵǸĹС
һҲףȺΪʲôҪôǸԩ޳ģұ㽫ʸ˾˵һ¡
˾͸˵һ仰ȴëȻ˵Ⱥϲ⣡
˾˵ǵΧ֪ͻȻһƬĵĹ㣬ҷһʱѾЩ͵ĹΧˣʣЩĵ۾϶Ⱥˡ
үƺڵȺǳƵģһҲţֻתͷһۣվ
үүɱһֻǣʶǵļƣȺ߳ŭˣһΣǴֱΧˡ
Щ͵Ĺ㿪ʼĳ߿ΧȦԽԽСϸɨһ£ΧǵĻǲڶʮֻСҲǰ
ȺǵıҲһ˾ʹ˺üͱϾ˾ղҲ˵ˣֻ΢ЩУȻҲǲµģ֪װŪ֮Ҿ͸ˣ뵱类ʮΧŴʱ򶼲£ǣ


79 һ·
Ⱥ׵ĵطͣһͷӣ죬ԾԾԵӡ
ʶսȭͷ룬ȺĻǣϴκǲһ˽ĹôҪǸҧңҾһĽǴñѩˡ
ֻǣȺǿżֻ֣ǽǸΧסˡ
үӻǸеӣĿⲢȺ׶Ļϣǿ˲ԶһƬߵĻĲݴӣ˵ɣ̸̸
үӸ˭˵أ
ڵϹɭɲͷѵ֮⻹б
һƬɱ쳣ЩĻҲֹͣƺ
˳үӵĿ⿴ȥǴߵĲݴͻȻһ£ʲô˳
Ƭ֮ڿķҵţղүԭڸ˵ڸһֻ˵
ֻʶǼӽĹ֮󣬿ֻưĴŻǡ
ֻǺر𣬴ԴмλΪģһǴɫƤëһѩ׵Ƥëޱȹ죬ҸͷĴ󣬾ǶӼҵͷǹһ㣬ݣֻ˫з۾﷢飬۾˵һǵһ㡣
ֻưĴҡڵĳ˹߰˲ĵط﷢һ죬ڸ˵ʲôȻҲ˵үȴƵģȻ˵ͷ
ҵţүҹĿ࿴ˣ
Ҵ𾪵лعүͻȻһߣն˵Ϸڸһ·ڻǾͷǳϷĵУɽȥɣԶҪ̤ķΧ֮ڣҲӣϷ򶨽ʬΣٲ
үڸͷ˵
ҷԼ˰׳һ㣬һǻǣһүӣϡĺţⳡ
ү˵仰ֻ֮ưĻԭڵϵ̾վֿ˴죬ʼվڲԶתȦӣһֱƺ˵ʲô
үˮͻȻҡҡͷ˵УҪôߣҪôѡһҪϷΪв׵ķݶϣ˵˶ķϻͶֽնɱˣ
ǻǵ۾һӾͱˣ﷢һͺ͵һתƨɶ׼ǣһŨĻ̾˳
ڸʲôѵóƨѬ
Ҳ֪֮ʱүͻȻˣһָԼǰٵڿָָ㣬ָн⸡գۼĹһƵĶƯǼ˵ǰˮһƮ˲ͽм䡣
ǻǷųĻ̺ƺƵʮŨǰһжˣŨĻƮɢǰһ׵ĵطʱͻȻסˣƮɢ
үӺŪһ͸ĲӣУЩƮɢ
ǻǷѣүӵıˣ˵ڤ粻飬
仰˵꣬үͻȻһ֣﷢һ죬һ˦־˦ȥһѶ
ͬʱΧܵǶʮͷĻҲͻȻܹһеĳ˹
ղү˦ȥĶʲôӦֻưĻǣһҽУû˶
ԸǶʮֻĻǵλ˾磬ͻȻʹϡৡһ³һϷƵģһҶ֪ǽʲôطġ
˾ͽһƬ⣬ৡҶ߻صҰһĲҽУ֮ǶʮͷȫѪ֮Уûһˡ
ŵĿɿڴ㶵Ŀ˾磬һ仰Ҳ˵ҾҾ͹ܴˣ˾ǸˣҸĻ֮ڿ϶ٶʵ̫ˣûô֣ȺǾȫҵˡ
һǸ߿Լˣһ־͵ñſڵء
ʱҿ˾Ѿ˳ݣпҪѧ֣Ժܿ϶Կˡ
Сڰкһɱֵĺòϡ
ҿ˾ʱүͻȻֵСޣϽȥ׷ǻǸˡ
˵ţүͻȻóһŻֽһΣŻֽ޻ȼȻ׷˳ȥȼŵĻֽʱǰĻ̣ٳһ·


80 а
ţүӺ˾űֽٵĵ·׷˹ȥһͷһػǵʬ壬ҲԼǶ˵ıӰȥ
ǰʮ׵ľ룬ǻ̾ͿˣһƬҹɫ¹һɫ
үӺ˾ĽŲͣηɿ죬գۼĹͽʮס
һ˿ɲܶˣֻҧƴ׷ǰ׷˼ʮ׾룬Ҹ֮ľһЩҲǵǰһҲһȳһյţģӦֻưɫƤëĴŻǡ
׷˼֮үͻȻȻֹһһ˳ȥǰֻٴηһҽУ͵ǰһͷûϢ
˾ܿ׷ȥ߻ʱǱͷưɫƤëĻģǴ˿ѾˣһֱﲻϵѪ
ǱүӴģҲ֪үõɶӵƵģ׼ͷ
үӸ˾ȣһЩүӵָǹһ㣬˾ĽٿܿĹǹ
֪զģͻȻðһŹֵ뷨ȫЩűߵ顣
ֳѾˡ˾˵
үӵ˵ͷתͷֳȺǵʬ˹ȥ
˾米ֻĻҲصǶʮǵʬߣϵĻǶڵ֮еǻǵβ͸ݸүӣүе£˵ǿϧ⾰һֻܹаϣʵףϷҲȡֻϧڤ粻飬Ҫ񣬾ĪϷĺˡ
үɽ֣СҾɫãҲ֨
˵˾ѾЩǵʬ£һ𣬶ѻһСɽߵүߣ˵ֳʰˡ
үӵ˵ͷǽػβߵȺʬߣ֪ŪһŻֽ˫ָ֮䣬Ĭ˼ھֽȺǵʬ档
ֻá䡱һһŴڶ𣬽ȺǵȼˣɫĻ֮䣬ûõӣЩǾͻһŻҽ
Ѿ̫ϡ֮£𾪵ѾپˣүӸ̫Ĳ˼飬ֶⷬΣ棬Һɣүӵı±Ŵˣһ˰ãһүүþ
һ֪̫ˣҪ֪үүͨҺȥ鷳ţˡ
Щ׶ĻǸ֮һ֮үӵɫ粻ˣһ̾תͷҵСŰĹʲôطȥɣĹİëʬҲһ
ŻعүӣֳܵĻһŵԶˣӦþǰ档
үүȥɡү˵ţͿʼǰˡ
ҸүүڻûסСʵүүǸɶİôôĺÿడ¶Ұ֪֪
үӵĽŲһ٣תͷٴοңʮƽ˵үүǣǲ֪Щ飬ϷЩ飬үүһӣҪ֪Щ֪Ȳ֪ĺá
ãү⻰û˵һһҲ֪Ѿ˿ˣҾүү϶һ͡
ǰʮӣһƬСӣһƬѪӲݴУҵǸĹڣЩѪҺµģҲҵѪ
һСϣ˨һѾϵˣЩΪ
Ҳ˻Ĳݣ¶һ󶴣һķӶವĴҶүү˵үүǽĹڡ
үүͷŶ￴һۣ˵ͷֿ˾磬˵׼ӡ
˾ӦһקһӣС֮ϣһͷ˶
˾˵һ˶
Ҳ۲ģⶴô͸أ
ҷӦүһҲȥһ˹˶ڡ
׹ү˾׼ҵġ
ãûͱȥֻ˳ˡ
˳˶֮үү˾ѾȺʱ˾ﻹһȹǣүү˵ֳȺûٻˣʬ˵߰˸ˣ滹ӡǿеġ
ЩҲʲôˣǵ⽫Ĺ͵ĵĹүү˵


81 Ͻ
۵ϵĹͷӣ˵ЩʬǵǵĹҾʹȥƨүүͷ֪ǵĹ
⻰үӷһۣû˵ͷǿģֻƶϳЩͷʱ䣬Щͷ̶ЩһҪ߰ʮǰӦһ꣬ѰǲҵĹģֻЩУξӣſ߷ˮѰѨı£׼ȷҵĹλãֻϧЩ˵طЩ˾ĻǸˣʬǿһ⡭
үͣﲻһսϿհҪΪϵѪܹǾ߰ëʬԵʣĸҪιЩˣҲһֻʣһͷӵ³
˵Щǿ湻аģȻ⣬ǵ΢ôһϧǵȻ޴档
˾ѯʵֳ˼ǣЩͷŵĶ˲þȻ֮УǾ߽ʬ巢ʬ䣬ɱЩĹٷʳЩĹʬ壿
үӵ˵ͷ˵Ӧӡ
˵գү̧ͷ˿ǰֵ߰ɡȥǾ߰ëʬ
˵ţһ˾ͳǼĹȥвʱңǾͿ˰ڷĹҵһһС߹ײġ
ŻʮԶүӾͣһ֣ס˾ңʾǲҪǰˡ
һЩƣǽʬȥˣѵڹײ˯ɣ
ڹײĻӦò쵽ǵĵΪʬѣҪԭģҪôմȾ˵ҪôǴ˵ѪϴӾǽʬ֮󣬲ŽŪѵģѵôԶܸоǵĵ
ȻֻԼģΪӰ϶ôݵģʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
¶үרҵ⡣
үһֵסǣԶǸײʹһ죬ָŹײİǹײľҵĻζһ£Ȼ䣬һߴ峯ٷĸʬӹײֱͦͦĵ
ٴο߽ʬʱһûסˣݺݵһĭıⶫˡ
ǽʬӹײվ֮Ѹٵĳһë¶Ƥϣһ޵ëһ͹ƵġôЩǡֻ˵ϳİëǹ͹ϵë
ǰëʬ﷢һƺ³һڰ̣һʹӹײֱӱ˳صڵϣҳ
ʶվүӵ󣬶ʱ˾һӾͽϵ˳ָһѪմȾ˱֮ϣͳǰëʬɱ˹ȥ
һһʬܿ춷һţҾͿ˾罫еһƬۻңǰëʬ˽֮УСıµ治תŲ·Щҷ緶еĽǽʬϵʱܻһƬ̣ǽʬ񱩺ƫƫС޿κΣ˾ľһֻӣϴģһһʱҲ޷ŵǾ߰ëʬҲֻܸ⽩ʬƽ֡
ʱתͷүүү·еģĿǰͦΣ˫֡
˵ȺӣүӿЩͷˣҿһж䵽Уһ˦಻ƿڶ
šಡжǰëʬؿڣֻ˼̣ǽʬֱӱү˦ȥĶڵأֹ
ҿһĻòԵүӣ뵱ⶫĸȫүһֻ֣һУͽô׺İëʬڵء
ţ棡
Ͻһ
ҼǽʬүӸŷڵأæͳǽʬ˹ȥ˱һ죬һԵǸ˾磬Ҽ϶һɫӣͳǽʬ˹ȥһžͲؿڣҪȥסëʬʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ǽʬһŭִӵϵ˾һûվȣͱëʬ˳ȥ
˳־ͽ˾סˡ
ǰëʬתͷܿˣĹȥ
˾վȽŸתͷһֿۣ˿ܵĽʬ׷ȥ
ҲʬҲһף򲻹ܰ͵ô
ûҷӦֻһιһѸޱȵӰһζүҲ׷ȥˡ


82 ʬ
ү׷ȥͬʱִﶶһЩǰëʬ˹ȥϴһǽʬٴð˰ֻ̣һүӴǽʬĺ󱳣ǽʬٴε˵˵ϣһûվ
ҿү׷˹ȥҲСŸȥʱ˾ѾϵǲסİëʬߣüͷٴνӸ˳׼סǾ߰ëʬ
үүһס֣˵ʬɣϷʰ
˾˵ͷӣվһԣүү𵶵һžͲǰëʬؿڣһֻźһɽǰأԭֹ̾һˣȻҼүүִؿڵλһ
ⶫһӣͨӨףڳӵĩ˻һСһֱڲͣ˸ţһҲ֪Ǹɶõġ
үó֮󣬿ĬһЩʲôС˸Ƶʾ͸ӿˣԽԽүӵһƬ֮С
үӾͽģĶһ²ǰëʬǰëʬһεľҶϰڣס
үӵĽĶסǰëʬҲûκô
ĿǰԭӨĳӺܿ˰ɫС˸Ƶӵı仯ǽʬҲֹͣϢ
үӽǰѳӴӽʬóʱǾ߰ëʬϵëѾûˣֻǱһͨͨĸʬ
ˣүӻŹһŻֽȻ£ǽʬϣ˺ϣܶ𣬽ǽʬȼˡ
֮ǾײޱȵİëʬͻһŻҽ޺ۼ
ֶθɴ䣬档
Ǵ۽ˣүͶء
үҪǰѳƵĶʱұָǶʵүүõʲôôһǽʬʵˣ
үүͷһۣе΢Цһۣ˵ⶫʬߣĶ
ү˵⻰ʱЩԺС
ȻȴЩƣⶫĶǼǸɶأ
ҵԽԽˣҾҸү֮бҪһϥ̸Ҳ֪鶼ңҪȻ˯̤ʵ
үүŵĽʬߵĶޱȣЩִٵ˵үүⶫ𣿡
үӺǺһЦ˵кβɣȻϵĶʼնҪģ㼴ȥҲ޷
һʱ䣬ҶЩˣүӾȻ˵ⱦңţôⱦ϶ֵǮġޣô뷨ĶǮ
ţҾʹү﹧ĽӹǰѷʬߣⶫʱͻȻһرϤĸоҵѪҺΪ֮ڣҵĳΪ֮ȣһȻϸûɵϮͷһָоʬҵģվҪΪá
֪ΪʲôָоȴȻ
ֵǣѷʬϵʱͻȻĩ˵С΢΢˸£ƤĶգ۾
ëҶʬߵĸо
үӵͷһŵķʬߣ۾͵һְȥҡҡͷ̾ϢΪҵվҪսһû뵽СҲ뷹ˣ˰ˣ컯Ū˰
˵ţүֱ˫֣ǰȥ
ŷʬԭأүӵıӰãˣүӸղǻɶ˼һһֳԷģÿ˵˵һ룬ͷۣүӣֵֹģŪһ׶ûС
ѵүӾͽʬ߸ˣ
Ҳðһ֪ġ
ܿ죬׷үӣǷʬֵݸЦ˵үүⱦŰɣҲð˵ˣⱲӹҲʬˣҲûá
үӻͷһۣ˵ŰɣԺ϶õĵϴĶһҪܺãҪŪˣôʰ㣡
ǴңүӲڿЦɣ
Ȼү˵Ҿˣ˵䣬Ҫˡ
ҽʬźãʱ򣬾ͿүӺ˾ѾߵǾСײԱߣͷ濴š
СײװŵĲ޷ȥجΣǸŮüζҪҵ
˵ʵЩٴμǺŮʱһ뵽ӣ¡


83 Ϊ
һ뵽үӺ˾վţҾЩλͨĴڣһɶ
գҹҲСײ˹ȥ
ʱүӺ˾ʲô˾ֻǹײСŮţƺѰʲô
һ֮˾ɫү˵ֳСŮӲģȻǰ˺ܶĥ˴ˮڻŵʱÿ̷ˮˮͻɢѪҺУԱʬ峤겻ʱ򣬴Ǯ˼ҺܶģСͯᣬΪܹСͯˮСܼͯȵʹ࣬üŻȥֲôԹ
һţҲǾĪʱǮ˿ǲ̣ˮǹô綾ʣȻôСһ¸ᣬһԶûУǴ󽫾Ҳʲôˣޣ治Ҫ
ֲǺŮ˴ԹҪɱңҲпԭ˭ҪǽŪˣҹҲĿĴ汨
үӶ˾ĻֻĬȻĵ˵ͷҲǺŮһ£СŮϵʱͻȻͣסˣүӵһģǺŮСſˣ³һԲĶүӽС
νפ飬ǰŲһôĹ˴˴ʼûĶ󽫾Ǯı
үӴһӣͶһԵ˾磬˵Ͻɰɡ
˾Ҳһ˵СŮˮ㣬פ飬˫հǡ
үϸһײŮ۾˼һ۾ʱľЩįˣ޵ǵ˵ŮԹ죬ǵֻΪǰ˷˵ĥһ󲿷ԭڵԵʣͷڰǰԭһˮأֻĩ֮󣬾սսҰӻĵʬ嶼ͷͷƣɭɭһˮֱӾͱء󣬴˵ֶز۵ĺӣӼ˴˴ԞųŮ޵ʱͷʬɷ֮һټʮ֪꣬˶ٹ»Ұյõɾ˹֮壬Ϸ⹫ɣʱ겻ؼңȻûע⵽طıʣΪˡ
˾һֶʱŵɫҰףϵļⶼڷ˵ֳͬСɰ˿²Ķ֣ҪȻһȥټֹһͬԸɡ
үүҡҡͷʮεģתֿң˵ˣԴҽСŵһ𣬾ѾˣԲִҪͷܵȣСŵȲˣ⣬кĹϣϷǹ֮һսǸǻϣ㲻ȥĻǾϷ
ֳɰһҪ£ǻ־ûƿشˡ˾ɥ
үȴʮ̹ȻǺЦСް㵹Ǹ߿Ϸˣ˭һתϷѶͲҪٶ˵ˣʬ壬Ͻȥɡ
һһһЩŵ֮ǣŮʮүү򶼲һǶ֣֣ʱɥ
ǺŮжǼʶĿһĴڣǹжȥһУҪ˼һҷ𣬵ҺžѾˡ
ԭΪүүܹ֮ƥУû뵽ŮȻ̶ֳȣүүҲûмְա
ҳ˼Ƭ̣ץסүүĸ첲֣ص˵үүҪˣɡ
үүһ㶣΢Цҵļĳ˵ӣľͳˣҵĺˣԺҪҵʹпϣӺصģСӾͷİɣүүһͣҲûֶΣǹȻҪүү̵ʲôҲô׵飬ˣֻܸүүˡ
˵ţүүתͷһǹײĺŮʾ˺üͷٴ΢΢𣬴һŻֽ˫֮䣬пٵһǻֽһͱүү˹ײϡ
ʱ䣬ڣǺŮĹײıɣܵĻ֮УүӴ󲽳Ŷڵķȥθߴΰ


84 
үүŶڵķȥ˾ͷһۣܿҲүӡ
ƺ˾пһ˿㺳϶һ׸ԼãҪ۱ˣүүΪðգʵϸ룬Լֺγǣ˰æţҪԼүүһ˵֮С
ҵͷҲǸڵķ˹ȥҪ߳ĹҵʱͻȻǽǴһֵĵطǽһȹҪ΢СһЩҴչȥһоǶз磬Ĵ
ôһ飬үǱ߾ͺСţɶأϽ
Ӧһ㲻ǸڣֱӳүүǱȥߵǸʱ򣬵˾һץסҸղǸӣڶŲ˼£˶ڣɴ䣬ߵĶڣҲͻʱ䡣
үүͷһۣʵղĥĥģڸʲôأ
үүĹҿһģҲǵɣʵ
үүҡҡͷ˵ǵǶȺǵĳڣΪǻܸһȥȺǾͨղǸԱǰëʬɱˡֶܲ򵥣ɣǵһϯ֮ء
˵ţүֵȥɡ
δ䣬үһݣֱſ˶֮ϣڻһٵĳŶȥٶȱȸղ˾绹Ҫ죬ҷӦʱүѾڶվˡ
ҵһа룬һʮͷôүһȣЩ磬ԭֻΪүӶЩҲһһ
ԥһֻ˳Ӳ˶ڣǶ˶ˡ
϶ڵʱ򣬷үӺ˾ھĿѰʲôƵġ
ʱҲһҪһ飬ͷĻǽˣëʬҲһŻҽǺŮʬҲ֮һ棬յıϾǺŮı壬ǺŮһֻҪ겻𣬾ԶʧҺ֮ҪһҪȻʼղ
үӺ˾һǹټ˾罫̶˳
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˭׼أֻҪʲôʱʲôʱ˼ҿǹͨ졣
ߵүүߣСʵүүǽǲҪǹأ
үӻͷһۣûлػǶԵ˾СޣӦʲôûУ
˾ҡҡͷ˵ûУһ㶯ûУϣǹ᲻˰ɣ
ܣǹǰζʧˣȡСŵڱصãϷãǸӦǵϢʱϳҲã뿪˵ǹռƣǺܲ
үն˵ţʹ̤ǰȥ
˾ƺЩ⣬׷ȥʵֳȻǹΪʲôھͳأ
үӽ͵Ϊʱ⣬ʱ磬ڿʼһֱҹʱһתΪḶ́ʱƣԽԽأһֱҹʱʱõһֶ壬ʱǹ˵󽵵ķǹĵȴҲﵽΪ׺ĳ̶ȣҹʱǻͷ͸ˡ
ˣֳ˾ɫҲĳүӵٵĳͷıԵȥ
ֻĲһŸȡӡ
Ƶǣ·ֻߵıѰһЩҶˣȴʼ׷ǣ·ʱҲʲôķԽԽĽˡ
һ˿ҪߵͷԵʱһŹֵַˣһʮֲԤУΪͷͻȻˣһҺž֮ûжþǹô˵ǹϾҪˡ
һ뵽æ׷ͣǰүү˾磬Ŵ˵үүүүǹϾˡ
Ҫ£үүڣǹûɶµġүүοҵ
˾ڰŪе̣ҵͷʱ˾еϵָһֱڵתҡڲҲ֪⾿ʲô塣


85 ֽ
ֳ̺ʧˣʾ˷ȫǹôܡ˾Щ˵
̲ûлǹֽţеĹѾԼ򵥵ĲٿȻ֮Ϊãֻʱĸıһ´ųı仯ѣӶӰ̵׼ȷԣҲŪģĿԶ׼Ҫͷһֱȵҹʱүүһ߳ţһ߸˾͵
Ҳܿȥǰɫ˷ʮŨǾ޴ĺ˺ХⱲӶûмô൱ɲ
ĳ棬ͻȻ͵ˣһץסүүĸ첲ֶǶģүүɫˮ˵³ΪŪ˺ôĳ棬ǸϷӡ
үү˵ھأСʵ
үү˵ָͶĳǿĵطǡ
Ϊʲôʵ
СŰЩ㲻Ժ϶ᶮ޵֮ˣ϶ɢһεĞųүүһӣⱾ»Щģǹ֮ڲΪûʮİܹԸүүֻʱѣһĵߵʱ䣬ſϳүүһսүүĵĸҽ͵
ЩȻԺҲᶮЩҽԶǣһҲԶǣΪһ죬ܹĻ
үүҵļƺоҵĿֻţٴΰοСŰģүүһỤסȫҵӣүүƴҲܵκ˺ġ
̧ͷүүүүһθ˵һ̣Ҿүǰ飬ȫǸж
ԽԽŨˣ˽İ֮ڶκζ
үӶҵСţץҵ·үүߣǧ߶ˡ
ӦһүӾ͸˾˲ӣǰߡ
һĿĵߣүӺ˾ĽŲɿ죬ںСŸ棬ץסүү½ǣ˿ҷɡ
ԽԽŨҸоϡ˲٣ҲЩѣڵֻܿүүģӰǰŵ˾綼ֺ
о˺þúþãҵȶˣܻһƬããоһֱǴԭһ㡣
գүվסˣҲǰ˾СޣҪˣһڹǽߵһܳȥ
ֳô죿ֻ˾ЩŵȴӰ
취ȴչ߶ˡү˵ţʹһŻֽ˫ָ֮䣬۾촽صһֽƷָУаħ˱ܣΣ̫Ͼ뷣
գүеĻֽһͱ׷˳ȥǵֽûȼգƯ˰֮УԶȥǻֽɹĵطɫʱмֿһѷ죬¶һƬߵĵ
һϲүⱾ£Ϊɶã۵ôãҪǰ̤ӣ˾־סңȵҪҶֳߣ
һͷһ˾磬Ҳ˾ǲǶпָʹģүү棬Ҳ÷ֻվһ
үүողŵķӣһ׷ɳȥֽֽһֱߣɢŽɫĹâһһָ˷
ܵİʱɢǵǰһ˿ԲŶеĵ·
үŴһӣ˵⼸·ߣǾܳȥ
һٴסүӵ½ǣǰȥһַǳĸо˵߰ʼ޷ǷֺƯڰеĻֽǵĽŲƶƶţһֱָ˳ȥĵ·
ʮӵĹ⾰ԶһƬС֣ѾͷıԵشˣֻҪƬС֣ǾӦðȫˡ
үӶһ£˵һ£Ǻܿͳȥˡ
үӼߣֻǸûͷŵŻֽͻȻ޹תŷһĺ֮һȫҵȼȻ˴򣬳˹
ãǹϷ·үܻĵͺһǼҹĻңңĳһƣһ磬Ǽʱı˷һԡ


86 ׹ֱ
ǻڵ֮󣬺ܿϨˣǵ·Եܿϯ½ǰ֮С
һз̫ͻȻҶûзӦʱˡ
ʱүͻȻҺСţʬϷ򲻸ƣ֪Ҿжͣ
ʬߡŷӦүӽǱңæؿڽǷʬ˳ݸүӣүһѽ˹ȥҧָѪǷʬĩ˵Сϡ
Ƿʬĩ˵Сʼҵ˸ҿүү΢΢ζ΢үүҲеƲⱦȥһ
ǲѵķʬߣүýżڵϻһ䣬еķʬݺݵĲ˵ϣֻ¶ǸСƵ˸š
ʬ߱ڵ֮һĻˣǷʬ˸ƵԽԽ죬ܵİٳ߾ۼȻûڵ£ֱʬɣ˺ǷʬϵĺͲ˸ˣֱӾһƬ죬˶һƬ֮УŪÿ˵ʮֿ¡
֮еİʧˣٿǷʬѾ˻ɫĩ˵ĺҲֹͣ˸
үһѽʬ߳˳Уɫȥ΢Щףɿһ
ֳû¶ɣ˾е
û¶»Ϸǰ԰ڣǸˣϷΪЩãүү˼ڣ˼ġ
үߵ˵
⻰˶үүүүʲôүүѾţˣүүүүʲôүү˼үүүүӣ̲סʵүүүүǸɶģҲǸʿ˼һ𣿡
⻰˵꣬үӾͳԴһƣû˵үүүүүû¶ҪʣǼ߰ɡ
ŶүӴ۵Դﻹ룬ҸүүӦͲ˰ɣүүѾʮˣҸүүڵĻҲҪһٺüʮˣֱӴƼ˹¼е
Ȼ޴棬ǰ·һƬ̹
үүھǺãʲô裬Ƕ¶
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һ·ҶЩ飬ۿžҪͷˣͻȻһƬӲݸסȣôβˣҵͷһʱ˸ΪӲݣʵǣԭһֻðźİ׹ץסҵĽŲӡ
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үүҴүүıӰ
үүҵܿתһĻʱҲһ£æ߶ʱѿһֻֻõֻʣ°׹ǵִӵص˳סүү˾ȥ·
˾˵ֱӻеЩðİ׹ֱۿȥЩ׹ֱ۾һ㣬һһЩҲץס˾ĽŲӡ
ѣһ׹ֱⳡ̫ôˣͨ˷˵Ӳɡ
ͷǰڣʬ壬˿̺񶼻˹ﻹһǷ֮أ㾰󣬿϶ǺŮĹ
Ϊסǣ伫ְ취þˣ֪үܸܲЩ׹ֱۡ
үӳˣеǰѷʬһ裬ǵǰİ׹ֱ۷׷ŵ˵˵ص£ҴʬߵķâⶫȻ̫ˡ
ܿ죬үӾߵҵߣһǰ׹ֱ۾ŵ˵صףүӳ֡
һ˾ɾͱˣü˫׹ֱĲסƴصȥҿʱѾ˴ȸˣмֻ׹ֱץסĸ첲еҲ費ˡ
үӿ龰۾һУӱǿ﷢һŭߣſң˫˺üŹֵ־ϵ·ĵƤƵģүһȣ̤ε棬һűһųء
̤꣬Щ׹ֱ˲ȫ˵صףҲûһ¶һƬ
˾糤һǿ˳ʱҲſĿѪ߰ߣҲ鲼ҡ
үӴ˾һۣеСޣû¶ɣˣҵ˽µġ


87 ɫ
˾Ѫģ۵亹ˣȴǹĶүү˵ֳҸô꣬ôҵˣҵΰƽ飬ңֳ˼һξȹҵ켴ҲԹԡ
˾˵ĿҲǸжЩԹԵģʱɢǰүүʵڰңүүΪ˾ҵҲڸɭɭͷ
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үʲôøɣֱվϺЩʮηĶûһҿҾӦøηүүеǰѷʬߣǲǶ˵ֲĶ


88 һ澵
ХĹүˮһҲţվǺһųĳһطһΪ¾޹ΪΪϷβϷǰĿķϣһλᣬھɣϷӦ㣬ֻҪ㲻־ܣһȣ½ֻأ±ˡȻɢʱڿɾˣ
үӿ´ʣ۾һֱܴţеǰѷʬٴοʼ˸ɫĹâүһƬѪ֮УʱҲſǷʬֱһװ壬ղɵЩôɾˡ
ʬڣǹӦҲʮּɵɡ
Ҿү⻰˵ȫûãһɹˣεȵбȻʮּ˵Ļ϶ϣ˵Ҳǰ˵
Ȼү˵Щ֮󣬲ûκλӦЩεĹȴĸӸˣһеĳȻײϣһ³ȴﲻη
һʮεĶײϵɫϱ֮ҸоؿϵɫɢƺһЩٴγײĹЩ޷ˣоЩѣƺһ˿˿ĶҵڣθҲһڣֶµĸо
үӻͷһۣɫһǰѷʬٴξһ־ŷʬһӡǷʬĩ˵СͻȻ͹âʢסˣЩХĹȫײ˷ʬɢĺ֮ϣʬȫɸɾ
ʬ߿ȥŵǸҪֵܹ֣ͣǷʬȷֱɣֶθһЩ
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ΪֻһֱֻۣȻҴˣŴѿ֮һֱۣȻһͷҲһѵ˳ֱһͽƷ˵ϣûͿһüӴ˳üӻðһۿ֮ƺ⣬ǡĹǽĦ죬ͳ˹
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⾵ʱүӾͱҵߣһѽΰƽҲһȳһյ˹ŵֳüԽԽˡ
տСţүһѽƸΰƽе澵һٵĳźüüȥȫ˵ϣүӿٵ澵ӣ˫ֿٵĽ·ӡҽųŵصĲ£ЩüӶʱȫ˵صףЩѾüɺܶ࣬Ǵͷķġ
ĹڸûûˣȴӰûĻп࣬Ҫ˵Ľࡣ


89 ⸽
ΰƽңһƬ׻üӳӿǳò׳ݣҲ֪ͷǰ˶ˡ
֪үү˵Ǿ仰ͷǹʮһ٣ͷĸа֮֮ȥǵŪЩҲ۵ûˣʱǹٳɨսǸƵġ
һôһһСŮզôݶأ
ıӵôһԩң
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үһ֣ͽǵѪɫķһ˳ȥֽ˼ӡдֽавߣѺۺǡ
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90 ɱ
һԲϣս
үŭڣЩ׵ͷƮ˫۾â䣬ԣϴķ׵ɽװĵӯȫеķʬУƺһ㣬ҵĻӦţĩ˵С˸ƺЩȲһ΢֨ҪֱӷɳȥֱĴǹȥ
ͬʱǹҲֳ˼Ϊµһ棬һ˫۾Ѫ죬âүӿɷҿҿ
ʶվүӵƺҸоȫһЩǺŮɫĳ裬ѪɫѪܲȫɷڣһ죬¶ڰһХӵĴ;ҵĻζһǻһ
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ڰ֮Уǵǰ棬ղŵķƶʱ˴룬ʮ΢ˣһʲôˣҲܵŷ׷ɳȥ֮Ļƺ΢׾ı仯
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˵Ļᣬȴ˶ˣ˵ʵûпү֮ǰҲһĸ룬үֻڰ칫Ȳ迴˭֪Ȼôţ档
һ̣ҵѪţĪƺܵ⻷ĸȾ۾һ̶뿪үӣŪʲô̳
ֳүӿȥʱүǰ̤һһΣ֮ǰһ㣬үһŻֽ׷ɵ˰֮У׷ɳȥͬʱүӵ˼֣ɱ
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󣬱д٣⶯Ҳ֪үүŪģǹŪġ
ŷһʼƶʮֻүͻȻ˼־˫ַ̤أŷĽɫâһʱ˼㣬󷢳һХ֮ͳǹķХȥ
ǹͬʱĺУͬڣүүŷײ˹


91 һ˷
⶯ʵ̫ˣֱӱסԴȥǿô档
ţһ춯ص죬ƺʲôݺݵײһһƽض𣬳ϯҵֱƮòصڵϣŷ˼ͷֱֹͣȫʹͣ۾һѾԶսţֻԶд򶷵촫
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޸硭ղ˭Ӯˣǲүүʤˣҳ
ΰƽղҲܲסǲһͱŪ
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վΰƽ˹ȥҪ˵ΰƽһͻȻж߹ˣ
ʲôҾֵĳܿȥ֮䣬Ҽ˵Щһ˫˫̹۾ٵĳ߿£ⲻȺ
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ΰƽЩ̹⿴ȥ˶еƬ̲ŶҵЩԭȵȺǣֻǱˣвٿػǺԞų֪ӣӦýЩǵĻһˣҲֳЩ鷳
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޸磬ܸңΪɶҪɱ𣿡ʳһҷǳҪ֪顣
ΰƽͷһۣҡҡͷ˵ҲǺɣͨ˲һҿһ۵ʱ򣬾;㲻ͬѰҪɱ㣬϶Ŀĵģģֳ϶ᱣסġ
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ΰƽһߣǱ۾촽ˣĬûɶǹһ֮ߴһ磬ʲôı仯
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̥ôǣ
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һʼƾðΰƽǰ͸ģЩǵĻҧ˼֮󣬾ͱĵѾ͸״ˣҲķǳٻ
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ĿɿڴĿǰⲻ˼һĻһг䶨ʱҳΰƽ˹ȥôͻȻðֵ̥
һûߵΰƽߣͿΰƽǸֵƣֱͦͦȥ
޸硭ҾһһѾͽסΰƽӡ


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ղҿͻȻˣЩǵĻȻ죬ͦģЩǵĻզһ֮أ
ϸһȫүӸ˿Ѫ֮⣬ĵطö˶˵ģûˣָֽͷı̽һºȻЩ΢ǻţҾͷˡ
Ҳ֪ΰƽϾʲô飬ϾղžҵҲܲ½˺ϣүӵķȥ
򶷵ڼǲͨ˵ִ򶷣һĽ
ԶԶģҾͿһŻɫķƮ˰֮УһڻƵĶǻ֮ϻиַģδ֪ȥȻһɹѪɫϢЩΡ
ľƺҲսţҡţ֦֮ײ˿µ졣
ұΰƽһǳһŵĳǰȥüζڵϣ·Ҳ΢΢ҡΣӵص¹˳
ұҪүһҲ˵ұΰƽܲӳȥӳȥҲүӣȻҰﲻʲôæҲʵѰүҵˣѪҲҪүһ
ţһѪ¼ͷܿұΰƽͿүӱӰԼԶǸŮ˵еĹ
үӵӰ˿̿ȥЩ׵ɽװƲҲѪȻˡ
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Һΰƽǹ˵ɳȥ֮󣬾ַʲô飬Ҳö֪Ψһ֪ǣ϶һս
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ԥƬ̣ڻûסСĶү˵үү޴ˣԲѣȥء
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ƺүһѪ˺ܴãնķ
ǹĺ۾ʹ˷ֶһаʵʵҲǼڡ
һܷĿռ䣬Ѫɫеһжʧˣܿľֻݡ
ٴαһƬһ̿ĳţѰүүӰȻȴʼҲƵϢ˶Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ˲䣬һǰ


93 ϵ
Ȼ䣬ĴѪɫĵĵطһĿĽȻ䱬ѿͬը̻һѤöĿεҵ۾ˣʧ֮ŵѪɫͿˣһָֻģĲݣصİ׹ǡ
ȻһƺһӰӰеֿͣǳԱߵ˹ӰʱҵһƬΪǸӰҵүүɽװãƺðỤ̋ؤˣ͵һ¾ײҲԶһôϣǿôײб˼ʮȡ
һʮˣܵôصײ󣬸һΡ
үүײбĴϵſ˵ϣðỤ̋һڵƵġ
һ̣絶ʣһүүվүǱ߱ȥ
ܳȥһͱһ͹ڵأҪͻȻһҵʱǱһ㺮˪һֱ䵽˹裬һľվһҲܶˡ
һεĿǸŮүү޴֮ΪĶ
˿̵ӰѾ͸ʱȥģģģǲĵӻ档
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˵䣬ǹһ¿䣬үүƯǹһһĿ
ҵǱһۣǿүүĿűɱһʮĹɱҾһֻǰס
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ǹתԴһ˫ѪңͬһĿ⣬ҸոһѪ£ʱ˫Ѫû˵һ˫Թ۾˭˹ƶҪŵİ
ǹֿ죬΢΢һЦɭɭ˵żұֻɱģֽ֦һ϶ĺǿ󣬲һͽҰжٵˣɱ֮㣬ɹˣ֮һɣӴ֮ͻʧĸɸɾ
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ҵĺʹȴΪǱ˵һôŲҴûоԼ˿ûã˭ˣñչˣôˣҵүүҲǱҸġ
ҵϢĻһں޵ĺ޲һͷײϡ
ΪүүͿҪȥʱүүͻȻ۾һ˫۾ǰһ㾼񣬾â䣬ǻһĨЦݣȻһſڣͳǹһŽѪ
ǹһҽУſүӣʱүͻȻһǶǷʬߣ
ǼҵĴұʬߣ
ҵĸ񰡣үӸղžȻװҪƭҶᰡ
ҾĪ֮ʱүеķʬϵСȻ쵽˼㣬ͳǻðŰ̵Ĺؿڴ˹ȥ
һ£ʬ߾ʹ͸˹ӣǹһҾ徵ĹХһһСһԲĺɫӣƯ˰֮С
үүջ˷ʬߣǸԲӣЩ˵СѾͷѵû˵ϵôû˵ʲôթ㼴پһʲôСѾͷϷݺһСѾͷƬӵϡ
үӴЦţֵ⣬ЦЦţͻȻ;ҵĿһ³һѪĭӡ
үү㾹ȻװղšղˡҼֲ˳ϲ󱯵ΣһʱЩܲˡ
үүתͷҿһۣû˵СӣǲǰͲүүأүүô׾ͱɱ𣿡
ûСûСæҡͷүүֻǸղû뵽ѡ
˵ţֳүүǹɵӿ˹ȥҪүүʲôʱͻȻ˸һ¡


94 Ӳֻ
ǹɵһҾֺܲõԤУҪүүСģϱһźүүֶȥүүһҺߣԵһӾ͵˵ϡ
үүһ󺰣뻵ˣк֣ǱթүջǴˣҲ֪үүôˣļүүİΣҲûй̫࣬ͳүү˹ȥҲ֪ģҵͻȻܶˣҸձүүߣûļ˵ͻȻ˱ʣҿϵǿԲӣͻȻַҷ˹㣬ˣΪʵ̫ˣҾôһĹӾѾɵҵߣȻײҵС
һ̣˵ԼʲôоʹͣҪըһۣ̫ˣӡˡһ죬ʱһƬհףӾǴ˸ѹ磬ʼ
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Ҳ̤ȥӣһƺҲڸңҪ̤ȥ̤ȥԶϲˡ
źӱߣһ̿ĳţѰӵķ֪źӱ˶ãҿһţڲԶҵϣƴȥҪӡ
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ЩҴ͸е־Ķһ޿κΣٴ˺ڳĺӱߣǺˮʮƽǵվʱ˫׹ֱ۾ʹӺ˳ڳ֡
ԸںҲڹͰëʬУһҧ˺˫׹ֱ۽ҽסʼҳźڳĺˮƴ˺ҵ塣
ʹޱ޼ʵʹû
֪˶ãҵʶָֻ˹ǺڳģУ˵
ֳֵܻ𣿡ʮϤΰƽģǸܽԼ˵ļһ
ţһ̾Ϣһ˻Ӧⲻ˵ҪСӵ־ˣϷˣŻɴϷҪȻСҲӣδ֪
үүģǰУֻȴˡ
ֳҲ̫ˣ˵أܹǹѾʵˣܹһ漣ΰƽڰοүү
үүǴֵСҵӰô꣬һֱݣϣܹúõĻţҪϷһÿնڵѪϦ˵ʲôʱȥˣϷҲΪãû뵽ջЩѵҵʼӲֻء
ΰƽûнүӵĻ˵֪ôشˣֱľĵģżż̾Ϣ
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95 ҹ
ƤʮֳأŬ˺þã۾ĿЩܲˣֱܿ۾
Сšˣ̫ˣүүʮУҸоһֻůĴִҶͷϲŲȥ
һε۾ֻһ϶ӦŴĿĹߣǰһжģģ˺һҲſǰ˺Ͷ
ҿһүүΰƽվҵߡ
˵ģһſڣȴκүһ֣Ըΰƽ죡ȥˮ
ΰƽתܿͶһˮ˹үӽסĽҵӷǱˮݵҵߡ
ҵĺܸɣöûкȶˣһͽүүݸҵǱˮȸˣΰƽֱӽˮ˹ߺȱߵһ屭ˮҲžɤӺһЩϽһЩ
үүҵӿ˴ߣһ˵СˣҪѲүүҶ֪ô轻ˡ
үү˵ʱҵ۾һֱţⲻҼ
Ҵ˿̾Լ
үүҰأ˻ɤʵ
أһֱ޿ģүүӷǳȥˣҲãˣǽ㡭˵ţүΰƽһͬ߳ҵңƬ̣Ұ۾˽һરાµҵͷ˵СŰѹˡˣүүǻʱһˣƵģǾǸɶȥˣүүô˵
үү˵ǿ϶ǲ˵ģҵӻûתҲֻڷܵ裬û¶ǱŵˣŵģҲ˯һ𣿡
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ҡҡͷʾ֪ҸоҲû˯˶á
Ұָͷ˵˯ҹɰҸŻˣȥҽԺģүүţȥҽԺүүû취СˣҪǲѣҡ
ϰֵĻû˵꣬ͱһѣЩԹ˵ˣ֣үӻأСⲻǺ𣿡
ҰģЩϴ󲻷Ƭ̣ϰƽһЩʵСŰ㵹Ǹ˵˵үү쾿ȥˣôʱ˳ǸӣүүһˣǸСһ𱳻ģôˣҲΪˡ
ϰʳЩʱҺһ˯飬Ҹоûôãôأ
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ү߽֮һһ⣬үӵЩ죬عƵģʱҲǸүү÷ʬߴ֮󣬾ͱһɫӣȻүүһźɫϢүүŻӡ
뵽һ㣬뵽Լ飬ҼǵߵүүߵʱǸɵӺҵҲŻԹȥģһɵĺҲ֪ҾӦúء
ү߹ҵĶ棬һɫĿңǷҺܶͣ˿Ҷ֪
үӿһ֮󣬲ƽ˵Сţʲôʵľʰɣүү㡣
ֱӿżɽ˵һֺܲõĸоһŻʲôҡ
ҵ͵һʹһ£ҧҧɰͰ͵촽үү˵үүǲҪˣ
үүһ㶣һЦ˵֮ǰǿҪˣûѹĻѾˣʱ˵ġ
ô˵һǻʵ
ܻܲĳãҪԼˣȡĻһ궼û⡣үү˵Ļֿʼɽˣͷ
Ҿֱӿżɽ˵Ȧӣүүһȥ֮ǰǹɵĺɫҵ֪һˣͲҪٿοˡ


96 ү
үүҡҡͷ˵СӣľͲҪôɥһжа취ģүүش֪⣬֪ǹΪʲôҪɱ𣿡
ҡҡͷʾ֪ȷʵһֱʮ顣
үӽ˵Ϊ⣬ΪҵĺˣڳˣõҵĻ˵Сһеĺòϣ˵л۸ģʮǿǹҪɱԭĿĲǵҪɱ㣬ҪɵĻǣʹдһʮĵУүү˵𣿡
ҺһЩֺǲ̫ףܿʵүү˵ңҵģ֮ǰǸʲôģ
үү΢΢һЦЦζЩԺ˵ҵéɽĺˣһʮִľЩ飬Ҳүү˵ģǵλ磬ױһ¶һλéɽŵӣĸԵԸʬΪҵֻһθʬ;УһʣһŮʬʬ䣬ˣүЩɱ˷Ż¾޹գͦιԮƺƴүЩ˱£үѲɽµһλˣҲéɽһλˣڸүΪéɽһ֮үɽǸѣָʱµһа̰̽˳Թʱİƺƴ޿ƥУ˾£ǣүԸֱߵıаԵỊ̇ʱһʦֽһ𣬴Ϊѣնɱүүһͬɱ˰ܶ棬֮ɱܶ췭ظѪɺӣڸɸֵ֮£׽˰̣նɱܶգˮ֮У¸ɣ˵ûǵүǸүӣͲڵĽпܽɶҪ̲ǵλүûڵʱĽһᵽ֣˵˲֪˲£
ү˵Ѿ𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣԭôһүĴ澭͸񻰴˵Ƶģֱš
үЩΰ¼ҵĻǱһ£ֻѪڣЩ鶼Ļүһˡ
һҲ׵ǣΪʲôȻû䵽־أһƧ֮أ
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߸ڴԶ֮أǸʮƧڣΧ˷ͨ˸ҲطүҲȷȷʵʵĹһʱİӣǵ˺ԽԽˣţŰ˹Ǹ壬ȻǾսɱɱϰվûӿԹǾ˺ܶӻĺѵ˴˴үʲôãĳ̫Щһס˷֮ڣһ࣬ʲô˶ˣԱ֮Ҫȥүүֱӽ͸ˣǸ߸ڴγɵԭ򡣡
үүүүôûлձӵʱ򣿵ʱүҪڵĻҪɱЩձӻвƵһףҶλүĺˣ̲סʵ
үүüͷ΢̾Ϣһ˵飬үû˵Ҳ֪ʲôү鵽߸ڴγ֮Ͷˣпܵʱүط̫֣ʺˣְᵽ˱Ҳδ֪үûлŶǸδ֪صķͷмǿյģ¹ڣ
үү˵ҵ۶Ҫױˣү峯ĩˣ18401912ʱ䶼峯ĩ꣬үҲ֪һģܹڣ˵ҲҪһٺüʮˣܹƼ˹¼ҾЩ̫ܡ
үӸղ˵Ǽкüذ¹ڣ飬һͷһ˵¶Ұֶ֪ԭһôԨԴǲ֪һһ


97 ķ
ţүүּ˵λүΪԼĺ̫ƽӣ뽭ǷǶԹûнеı´ĺˣֻǽһЩһֶ⴫Ļмķ
˵ţүóһƲڴ˼һһڷҵǰЩֻϵһүóõķʬߣ⻹һһĶһڰԾľӣһƵ顣
Щҵ֮үүͿʼҽ˵Ǹʬߣ˵ⶫʬߣǼģүģⶫǵĴұ˺üⱦܹӦԲʮ֮ڵɷ֮£һӦаⱦĩ˵ǸСͻ᲻˸һĽʬ޲˱ᣬһⱦЩаϣͻȡϵת˷ʬ֮Уⱦɵа֮ԽͻԽǶԸʬйЧʲôʬֻҪһʬߣ̾ͻήҲ̱
ţүǸ˵éɽ壬ͨĿھͷǣܹʬ巢ʬ䣬ˣֻҪʬ彡ȫԴڣһéɽĶ̾ͻʬéɽƿأҪʲôʲôһɱүĺⷨͼı죬Ϊ䣬⽫éɽǣ־ŪļѶǾ֮ԿаүүҾһҲûŪףҲܹסһʬͬʱʬ䣬ֲ̫ʱ䣬үү˵үܹͨéɽʬͬһʱʬʬʮĺëʬëʬëʬ⽩ʬÿһɫײʮ֣һëʬ̶ֳȣΪ֮ҲԽ£үүëʬȥУȻүүһ뱲ӣûмëʬʲôүʵҪȻڵʱҲ˰̡֮ԲеڶܹԽүֺһٺüʮ꣬ûһܹﵽ̶ֳȣéɽţҲû£ԣүүԺԺĸ㣬ͳéɽǿƽʬⷽ棬Ҿһһģ˭Ҳ볬Խǣ
ҵ۾һ¿Ƿʬߣһéɽ壬ֻĳȣѪڣү㾿жţȣֻǿõЩһ͹˵ģҪ˼һձӽصʱһ֣һƬеéɽһΣʬͱ˽ʬձӵǹ
һѽУĪһʮϤĸо;һɱϢ͸ﵽҵҲһ΢ϵƺǹ
һҵУһͬ˷Ӧʬĩ˵С΢΢˸£éɽҲķһ죬ڸ˵ʲô
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ܣ޷ʱ飬ҸоүѾҵż񣬲֪˼ҳʲôӣʱһҪúõİݰʾҶͶصĳݡ
ţү澵ӣǰ˻Σ˵ⶫʬéɽıȷүһнɻսƷɽ棬ʲôģ͵ɽɽ֮үͷԽԽ󣬼ɽ֪ⱦүУҲҹҪ˵ӰͰŭүɽûкùӳԣүҲԵˣɽһֱûҪⱦһֱţһ
үү˵ʬôʲôãҺĿ澵ӡ
үүԺ˵⾵ӵÿɴˣɶʬֻҪʬյˣϾð̣ϵɷ֮ͻᱻүүҾƾɶʬ£ⱦһ㣬ǲƵʹãһøأʬеͻķѵĲˣٸһʱãүıǲ˺ܶ࣬ô˵ҲǸûлҪСĽıá


98 ϴ
үү˼ҽеıңЩʲôأҳ˻ȭŹ֮⣬ڵһϲͨЩŶͦģһҲãͺñӵһ⣬ĽһҲòĸо
үүܿ͸ҽɻǱƵ飬ݸң֣ص˵ӣⱾأүģҲֱ׫һ飬ⱾصĶһЩéɽͨĵԵһЩԼļ⣬˼Լļ⼸ʹ÷ţҲȫⱾϸļšȻصʮرܹᵽһĶҲ㣬үүҾǿⱾ飬Ż쵽ֵزүүͽⱾ齻㣬û¶ʱͺúòɣʴӱ棬һ޵ĺòϣ㣬ʱգΪ϶үү֮ϵġ
ҴүүнӹǱ飬Ħŷϵּ⾹ȻǸү׫д飬һװмģּּȴĹдţϴ
СĽⱾƵ򿪣ҲǸƤһּһЩͼͼܼ򵥣ȼʣʮִֻһۣҾͱˣȲҪȥ
ʱү̾Ϣһ˵ӰүԸԼĺߵУĩ֮սմɱɱⱾһֱÿһߣҵ۲ˣҲҪ˺ǣԲòѧ֮áǵүүһͱ̫ƽѭүԸϰⱾϼҴԣְһүүûнⱾٴȥһͨˣֻһЩȭϵĹ򣬷ǹˣ㽫һֱȥҲ㽫Ȿ鴫㣬үү֮Ȿϴһײ֮䣬ײеĹүүܹģһʱǹĲлڣͲȥˡ
үүһᵽǹҵͷһүүүΰ¼ˣﻹһ飬үү˵ô࣬ʲô˼أ
£ұ㽫Ǳϴүӣ֣صʵүүֱӸңһܻãһڣҲɶҾǸоһˡ
үү̾Ϣһ˵үүҲ㣬һͨ˱Ĳлڣһ춼ˣյĽǣǹĲлĻǣȻٴͲͬΪҵĺˣҵѪ츳һʮǿǹĲлʱ޷ĻǣүүҲʹһЩֶΣǹĲлԷӡԣһʱǲΣյġ
үӰѻ˵ֵ꣬үү˵һʱǶã
£үүն˵
Ҳ˵֮󣬻һ
үүҡҡͷ֣ص˵ܻ֮ҲһҪŭŬˡ
Ҫʣүү˰֣ʾҲҪ죬˵ȻүүӡסڵǹĲл꣬ʱ޿̲ŬҪĻǣǼʹģһҪס˭ֵܼ˭յʤߣҪôĲл꣬ҪôлͻĻǣûеѡҪģǰүⱾϴϵĶʼ֮һҪһֽšֻе֞ųѹסڵĹл꣬սĥɾ޷Ӧ֞ųĻүүҲûʲô취ֻ·һˡ
ţ˵ţʵүүšֶʲôôо֞ų
š˵һֶֻһһ˵Ķ֞ųֻһ̶ȣȻоõܹоųʱԼͻүү˵ųʲôָоֻүүҲ޷
үү˶ܹӦųģʮֺʵ
үүһʱ䡣үƽĻش
ҳһ˵Ŀ࣬˲Щˡ


99 Ӧų
үүôһŸ˞ųȴ֮ڱֶҪ򲻵Ļֻ·һ˼һֱӸңֻܻˣҲ
ֱһɵ飬ҾԼˡ
µʱ䣬ҿԺóԺúȣ䣬ɶģҲһʮ꣬µʱ䶼˷˸򡰞šֶϣûӦһغˣ˵ҿǲ
үүƺҵ뷨ҴСŰǧҪɥڣһֻҪŬĻһѶ⣬㲻Ŭֻ·һⱾϴҪúоĻʱ绰үүүүҲᾡģҪԼһܹ
˵˵ɲô׵飬ǶƤӾͿԽģҸоүЩվ˵ۣͻȻðһֵ뷨ʵүүλү˶òŸ򵽞ųģ
үүһ£ŵ֪ȥүûүү˵үү³ۣʵͲ޵ĺòϣ֮Ժܹ߳彭ƣǿŬŵģСӣɱλүƶˣǲģŬɣүүٳôһүүһ£ʱүүҲմ⣬ʱ˼һүү˵٣ⲻǴүү˵үүûйʣ
ιүӾҹԻ˵ĸǵģҶЩƮƮȻˣΪУʲôʹˣ£ұ˵үү˵үûнҾǽⱾϴϵȫѧˣƱҲүʮ֮һ˼Ҿͱˡ
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һ£үƺ뵽ʲôҺٺһЦ˵СҪʵڲҲУ֮ڸҸһСӳ֡
Ҳ⻹ǸЦϵүôһ˲ͱͯҿЦµʱ䣬ȥĸһСӳûС
£Ҿ˫ĵУүүǷˣѧѧͱҿЦˡ
үӺٺһЦƺо࣬˵ðɣڸոĺܣүүȥЩҩӣû¶ʱͶ࿴Ǳ飬һиûУ
ͷ˵үүϽȥɣԼһ뾲
үүҪתˣͻȻֻͷ˵˭Сжˣ
һźߣҪѪĸоֱӽǱϣڴװ
үүһˬʵЦ߳⡣
ү֮ӣʱпģµʱ䣬Ҹ֞ųҲ֪ܲүүһ꣬еΪˣǲҶҪŬȡһ£ܻ׬ˣҲ֤Ŭ޺ҲԵΪˡ
аһ·ʬߣéɽ壬Ǹʬһһպãͷ£ҾǱϴϸ
ⱾǰҳϸеŻүƺЩ󱲸㲻ףܵʮϸ˲ͼϵҪѨλԼҪ֮ڶ˵ʮϸҵܹԽ󷭣ЩԽѶֻҳҾͿˣһѭ򽥽Ḷ́ѧǰĶȥѧĶ򵽞ųߵУų򲻵ĻĶÿΪеǿųǣġ
Ҵ巭һⱾܺ飬˽˸ţͿʼͷѧϰ˽ΪĶ֮ء
һ飬ǰҳҾͿһ磬֪ʱôȥˣ˼ҪǶӹ๾෢˿飬Ҷ֪ѾüûԷˣЩҲǣһ˹һ


100 ʮȫ
飬žͱƿˣүүһҩ߽ҵ˸߲ҵ˵Сţ㿴үү׼ʲôöϽȳˣһˡ
үӸһݣҾŵһŨҩζ񻹼һֵζʮֹŹ֣Ҳʮֺ棬֪үǸ׼ʲôóԵģæǱ飬صĴ֣Ц˵ѽүүǿˣҶѾǰˣŪɶóԵģ
үүһЦղүүȥǸ׼ҩȥˣ޴ɽܣŴЩ޴ȥ˲ҩϴһҪȫˣҪ˷ǵһѪ
˷ֱ֣ܵӶҪˣæߴٵүүɶöɽϴҰζ𣿿ơ
٣ɱҰζöˣҸ㣬֪֮ôˣʮȫ̲ĺš
˵ţүӾʹ˸ӣһŨĹζֱӣҵͷһʱԲ۾ҪǶûҵ͵һأⶼЩʲôƯһɫĻߣЫӣ򼣬ѡһƬﰡⶫүӻҳԣ
£ҾͱɫүүүүҺò״ӹŹؼһ಻װ˵ҵ׸ʲôʲôԹ㲻ŪóԵҲͰˣŪһӣ붾𣿡
үͰɫҪ֣ⶫкôϽȳˣⲹҩӣүүģǱϴмأԺԼ֪ˣڱ뽫Щȫˣʣ£
үӵɫڿЦһǲԣⶫֻǿž͹˵ģôܹԵȥֻҡͷ˵ԲԣϽÿͷӵˡ
Ҳóԣѵүүι㲻ԣүүеǰ취үѾʼвˡ
ãҪˣ£ҲֻӲͷƤˣԵĻүүһֶ죬ʱࡣ
үүԵͷͽҩӷҴͷϣҲ뿪ǵҳ֮Ŵߡ
û취ˣֱÿӼгһرµЫӷŽŵӽ£˵ûеôѳԣЩʲôĻ
һ߰ĶҼǱ۾ģҲȵһɶɢһֵҩζ
Ҳ֪λүǶأǰҲôôһҩӣ̫ˡ
һӶ֮ûãҾ;ȫȣȺڣǳԭ˯ӣʱľ˵νʮȫá
үүҳ֮󣬲˳ȥ
֮󣬱ûңԼһ˾ڴϼǱϴ
ſţ֪˯ˣһ˯ޱ̤ʵڶͣһ죬ӶСû뵽үӵҩãⲻΪ
֮󣬸оӶƮƮģˮϴһֲ˲ӣڵǹȵϢʮֱ˸ɾ
ҪǱϴٿ۵ʱͻȻһʱЩˣ뵽ţҵľˣΪҶһ죬ҾͼүүС϶ûˣˣŻˣҲ֪ЩûУ
Ҽǵؼҵʱңڶȥһˣƽ
Դұүү֮һͻҹ޷ȥţڿ϶ΪѾ˰ɡ
У˵ɶҲȥţлл˼Ҷҵľ֮
ϴˢ֮󣬾ͳӣһ˶緹Ѿ׼ˣΰƽҲ
һ˳趼ܸˣæкҹȥԷ
Ҹ޴к֮󣬾һƨ£үӾƸһҩҩƯĻǶӣֻûдߡ
緹˰ɡүү˵
ҿһǵķСϡ࣬ӣпɿڵС̲ˣΪɶƫƫҺȶҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ƵĿϰ裬ѹңүӿ϶ȶǸ˵˵ġ
ǣϰֺ滹һ䣺Сţͳ˰ɣүүҲΪãﲻǻô
ɶҲ⣿ʲôۣ˭ҪҾ͸˭


101 ر𰸼
ǿ϶ģûңֻ˵ͷԷԼԸĺöӰƵҩ
Թ緹֮󣬰迴ûʲô¶ͷˣ˵һ֮󣬾ͳȥˡ
ֻʣҺүүԼΰƽˡ
£ҲžһүүرǿҲǸи֣ΪҶһ죬ǹˣҲ֪ˡ
ûб˼ȥ˼ңʱڣѾ˺Щˡ
үүڴ²ûʲôֻ֣صĵͷ˵֪ͼȻҪ飬ҪȥһҪл˼ңϾ˼Ҿһһûֹ֮ˣȻҪȥүүҾ͸һȥɣû뵽ССĵطһԻ֮أţϷҲʶʶ
Ѷһ˺ܿͳˡ
ߵʱһ򹤵ʱ׬Ǯϣȥ˼ż˼ҹͦģǮȻ࣬Ҳҵ⣬ô˵˼Ҳһ
ſھͣүӵİµϳֱǸߴϣүһֳݣһôõĳ治֪ǸɶģҲԼЩף£ڹҲϰ࣬϶֮ǰв¡
˰µϳ֮ΰƽͳķʻȥ
ڳ£Ҿүү顣
үҲˣ˵֪޲ԣ˵үүϰĵطһĲţȫƽر𰸼飬Ϊص飬СأҪǸȫطһЩ˼¼ҲԼȫصߣСҲܿףҪɱˣ̫ˣһ淶ǵĵطر𰸼͸ⷽ飬үүĸˣȫÿСжһС飬ƵİصСûͻᱨ־ִ־ٴˣͻϱر𰸼飬һʮܵ֯ҲһʮΣյҵƽʱʱûʲô飬һ϶ҪȥƴģʮΣա
еĲ࣬Ψһû뵽ʱүӾȻǵôһ٣ĸˣźüʡݵ飬ֲ䱸һµϳ
ұֵһҲȣֻʵүүʲôʱһеģ
үүһҲмʮˣӻûְֵʱ򣬾Ѿصϰֻ࣬ʱһСְԱǱϴеı£సһһνǾ˾һһۼʮ궼ȥˣҲûԴӣһ㶼ΰƽĵȥ참ҪС⵵飬үүҹⱲӶܸЩˡ
үүٺЦпǧ
ͻȻ䣬һĸоүôˣΪһڵһˣЩ˵үү˼ˣллôĸ
үүתͷңҵļĳ˵ˣСţү֮仹ʲôллģֻҪܻ֮ʲôǿҵӣһҪ
صĵ˵ͷ±Ĭ
߸ڴ岢ǺԶиʮ·ֻǱȽߣӿ˰Сʱŵ塣
޴ڴڵСͣһ£һѳԵĺȵģ̣͸ΰƽָ˷Ŵͷȥ
Ƭ֮Ǿŵļſڣ˴ӳҹȥţڼ
һ֮ԺŴһ˭
ˮæصˮСŸ磬쿪Űɡ
һңˮԵʮָˣС˵СŸ磬ţϸ㿪š
˵䣬ԺžʹˣһǱСѾͷͳǰЦеĿǡ
СŸ磬þûˣ⼸һֱ߶ءˮѾͷЩ˵
һѽˮԺߣˮЦţүӺ޴кеǽһǣүүĺţүӸˣһֱѾͷ£϶һΪ
ұˮԺӣŲûԺ̫ʦϣڴǵĶܿ۾߿һۣڿҵһ̣ԵʮֳԾ֮ƵϲɫȻվӣЦȻûп㣬ĻˡôڲŹأ


102 
ҷˮƷһԣĸſһͷϵ˵ţܹȫ˼ҵľ֮Ϊͷ¡
ŲΡΡĳ˹˫ֽҲЦ˵˵ӻҲûаʲôæϿ˵ܻžͺðЩ죬߶㣬㾿ûлţȥǴӿֲȥѶŪ̫ϰµģºˣڻˡŵҲܹˡ
˵䣬ŲſվŵүӺΰƽɻʵλǣ
æܵʹүүλ޴үүͬ¡
޴΢΢ͷүȴֵʮ֣أһŹֵ񣬻һָ˵𣡡
үү֮Ҳ֣ϵЦʧˣһƬȻֱ֮ͦҲͬүүһ񣬿
֮űªҲûʲôдģλ;ҵط°ɡ
ԺмСǼ˶˸ط
ʱŲŶ˵־Ӧүүɣһʼ֣Ҿ֪СӲ򵥣ȻôһүүΪʲôҪһ̫ų֣̫ŲЩŪˡ
⻰Щ֮⣬ұ㹧Ļشţ˼ˣүү˻һֱݣҪΪұǹүӻҲһߡ
Щ죬Щֵ˵ߵʲôģݺܶ𣿡
һ£֪ôشʱүȴǺһЦӿڵ־ʿˣһѵ²òϵĹ죬һӾͻǹһ־ʿŵԻмлԺõĵط־ʿܿڡ
΢΢һЦ˵һҰСҲֻһԣҲûʲôҪæĵط˵ҶھҲûа̫æΪǹĶְ
ߣ˶촰˵ˣҲףֻλ˵Щ秵ģЩϰߣһӻصһǰĸоʮŨ
־ʿˣҪһ죬ϷҲǵСˣл϶Ҫлġүֿ
ʱ´үһۣʼ̵ˣɫӿлӯдΪ֮ˣ֪ʦӺźɣʦһλ
үӺǺһЦ˰֣˵Ϸ汲ڸ߸ڴ壬ɣҲʦ𣬶ǿֶУ־ʿˡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ôϸܵһéɽߵϢĪéɽӣ
⻰үүһ㶣ִܿЦ˵־ʿ䲻ʦéɽȴéɽŵӣһЩֶҲǰéɽӰɡ
˵үӻһתʵ֪־ʿǺźɣʦλأ
Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵˵ţҲɣȻһʦʦȴҸκԼʦӺˣ¡
үϻǹһ˿Ц⣬˵ϷҲܿһ־ʿһ䵱ɽӵϢʦӦ䵱ĸ˰ɣ
ǰɣЩ鲻ʦʦҲʣҲ޷ȷŲɫػص
˵ɽ֣ҾĲˣʱүͻȻһԵ޴ʹһɫ޴ͻȻһİóһ˵Ҳ֪ʲô϶ǮôһӣĹҵģ˵ҲǮүǸ
޴ͽǴӵݵŵߣŵվ㶵ʲô
־ʿҪ룬ЩǮأϷЩģҲ࣬Ϊ˸л˾һЩǮ°ɣϷһƬ⡣үӺܿ˵
ȻһӾͱɫƿ޴ǮӣЩõ˵Щ̾ƣˣѾ㹻ЩǮûȥɣߵһӣɽҰ壬ҲòôǮ


103 үүس
үִҪգүүΣֻýǮһǧл˵ԺʲôѣܿڣүֻҪģһҲǵͷӦʣһͳ˴ߡ
ãϴŵǮò֣үӵǮգǮ϶ҲǲҪġ
漴һ˳Żָ𣬳Ÿ߸ڴȥ
ڳϵʱүŵŮˮ˵СѾͷ񲻺ã෴һᣬһգһеĺòϣ·Ժǰ;Ҳǲġ
˵ʲô˼ãյһزۣԺҲ̫
Ȼص߸ڴ֮Ѿˣүָ׼һνʮȫĶӣԵҷθҲųȥˣÿүӶҳߣҲû취ʱ
Թ֮үӾͽҸϵԼоǱϴ
ǸŵԵʣϵĶʮϸҵĽչҲʮֻһ춼ҲûоʲôŵҰͷ˳
үӽҹؽ֮󣬾͸޴ˣصҲ֪æʲô
һһҹֹܿȥˣ˵ڶʱүү͵һ˵һ飬ǾҪʡˣΪЩֵȥʱԭ죬ⶼһܶˣܲȥˡ
ϰȻûʲôүȴǼ˴ſڵһ״˸ӸǿȫĶӣжߣҲ֪үӵ״ŪôϡŹֵĶһЩԴˣүӿݣ׼Ҵ־ս
ҰҸһҩӣÿСŵһֻͣܳЩӰƵĲҩһٲܼϣӱҪԡ
ҰֲԣȻͷҰ֣ظ˵˼ҷģҪǲԣ;Ҷ˦Ҵӡ
ͷѱĿ죬ǻҵǲ׶ӡ
Ը֮үֵҽнʮ֣صĸңСŰүүϾйֵ¹һ̯飬Ѳе黹ҪȫԼһ춼иûУ
ͷͨʱദҲʶүӣһȻһ˵ҪߣһЩãҶ˼ѾһЩɣǰʱүӸҵӡȫֻһЦˣôҲûø˵ʲô
⼸죬ү˵Ҳ˵ˣϵȻ׽˲١
үֵһ£һʱôҲҪɥûܹһڳԸӣ뵱үµʱһˣҲǸǸһųɽģԣһжҪʲôģʱүү绰үүʮСʱڣ¾ͲҪˣǱչУܹ֮ٺúҲ٣
֪ˣүүЩ˵
үүҵļ򣬿οүү㣬һܹܵ˞ųһжˮɣˣĨڣҾûһث֣
⻰˵ұһᣬ˶µʱ䣬Ҳֵ֪ܼܲ󣬲ȴڰģһҪȫԸүӵ
Ҫڵǹ
үүһ·͵˴ſڣү˳ΰƽ˳ӣʻ˸߸ڴ壬ųӽԶȥͻȻͿģۿųӾҪʧ߾ͷʱҴ󲽳үүĳ׷ȥ
һ̵̣ˮֹסˣһ׷ųӣһߴүүģһģҲǸث֡
ջ뿪ˣʧ˸߸ڴľͷ
ЩãȻĳżҵķȥͷˮɣʣµ·ֻһߣ۽ұȻܡ
һصҵʱָֻӣֹЦݣүҲ֪˵Щʲôҵ飬ǲٹʣ軹˵¾ͲҪˣʵڼҴţúӡ
ӦһͻصԼԷŸˡ
ϴϸϸоʱϵֻˣҴһүүµĵ绰룬æ˽үСŰүүߵļ˸һ飬ڵǸÿһܣҪĻǣõģүү˷ӡ֮ڲὫġ


104 
һ;ЩԾæʵүүĿʲô
ҵ˼ǽϾǵ죬ǹܾҪжˣ£϶˵ģѹһҪסͦȥûˡ
˵仰֮үӾͰѵ绰ˣұ˵ЩʲôҲûü뻹ˣ˾ͳɡ
˵绰֮ҾڴУϸȥϴϵĽ˵ȥ֞ų΢˫Ŀʶſգ־һҵľ磬ϸȥһУСʱ춼ʲôûио
ǵڶ죬δЩļˣү˵£ʱ仹أżá
š
ˣȴڤ룬֪У֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ȼ䣬ҸоһĪϢСҵĵطڶҲǵλãٵ澭Ļһ룬ѵǸӦųĸо
Žڶ죬Ҿ͸ӦˣҲ̫˰ɣ
㲻ţ
Ҹ뵽˲䡰ˡһҪըѿһ㣬ȫһʱʹһʼʱоԣǹһ֮ʹԽԽǿң۵亹ð˳
ֹһϾǧǧڿҧһ㣬۵ȥ
Уֺİ赣ģֻҧš
ݶҪҧˣǲҷһ˿죬ұűӣһţ۵ڴϲͣķ亹Ӷʪˣ촽ҧѪ
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ҹŮҲûôۣƤۣǱʲôڿҧһ㣬һ걻ȥĸо
۵ĺüζҪʣҪÿʱ򣬵֮оͻһůϢڼԻһ˿ʹҲڵʹȥ
ʹĸоҲ֪˶òͣѾ۵һһſһ
ʹĸоͺҶһշеˮһǲһǼ
ԭⲢǸӦʲôųүүǰ˵ģǹ˶ҵĻǣүү˵ѹһ׼ûУѹԤеҪҰٱ
ĥҵҲܲˣֱſһ˯˹ȥ
ڶ糿ʱ򣬻Ҳʹͣȫļⶼ˺һĸо
ѾҰҩͷǰұûθڳԵģϰֵļ֮£òҩԵһɶûʣ£ϰ㡣
ǵҺҩ֮ƣĸоʱһɨˣϵʹҲʧ˴롣
ԭүүмƽϣЩҩΪ׼ģûүүЩҩҾпֲܼȥ
ҩԴԴϵĶ֮£Թ˷֮һͷоǱϴβ룬һһ붼Ź
ƽʵһ۾͹ȥ˰£ͻȻˡ
Щ˲ˣ˺óԺӺСǣǼһģʱ򣬻˶һϲġ
ǻĳҵǰȻҲʮֻϲģʬڲϵӣǻһجΣʱôľ
ʱʬʱϵƤⶼˣֱҲ̶ãŵҽ֮ȫָԭƤ֮ǰҪá
Ļ˵Ƥϸй÷ַ괺
Сӳжûҵˮƽקһ秵ĴʶҲΪˡ
һȫɾڣҽҲˣ͸⼸ֵ˵˵ܹǶʲôãģ˿̣ҾޱҸ
һ֮Ǽ뿪֮飬뿪ǵʱѾȫ鶼ˣ˵ǹϾҪɱңûǾͺҵզ¶
£Ҳܸʲô˵ûүү飬ϾһֱĬĬŵģҲûи˵Ǹʬңһֱܵ͵ֻ˵ʱžһǹĻɢˣҲЩˣڼҪ£ǣʣµ£ҪңŶġ
һȻϣ£ãС־ǿҲѧˣûѧУҲǸҸģ˺֮Ҳ׼ȥϰˣֻʣһ¼ҹû¸ɡ


105 ĸо
гһ֮Ҿ͸ӦȥŵģϾǼ˵һҪúøл˼ңҲӦ׼ʱȥżҡ
ʱҰһٺþƺòˣкǼһӺþƺòˣȴûʲô¶Ϊֻܺʮȫ
֮ƯĶߺͶӵʱʵǼԾСûθڣǵÿӼгһĶߴõʱǼû³
СҺȲϾƣԲ⣬ǼҲ̹Ҿֶ뷨
һӷʣ˴룬ȫҶˡ
ֻһСǼ˸Զȥæˣһһ˹¶ڼС
µʱ䣬ʵһξ͹ڼ䣬־˺üʹĸоһαһǿңÿһҾ͸һ˰˸Ƶģȫѡ
ڼ䣬Ҳүү绰ͨ˼ΣһЩз⣬үүȻ֪޲ԣĽ
µ޻ʱڴϴУϴϵĹʼһεĸоǰʱĸо΢Щͬ
Ұշʱ򣬾͸оȫѪҺ٣֮һȵϢɢ߽ͨͣתëƺ΢΢ſˣȻ͸оЩϢ˷۶ĽҰȻʽҵ
һֺĸоůģ֮ǰҴûйָо
ʮϲ룬ǲѾӦνųأ
뷨֮Ȳĸүүһ绰үүҵ֮Ҳʮּ˵ӦǸӦ˞ųҲҪиŬȹһָо˵ҵ죬ֵµ֮󣬾͸ϹҶɹνѣڵС
쳣ˣ²ʱ䣬ˣӦ֮Ğųþܹˣ
һ˷ܵ飬֮࣬Ҳûүүȹ̼һֶԞųĸӦԱ㵽ҪͷӦֵĴڵǹлꡣ
ʣµļ죬ҸڷˣﵽһַʳĵزϰָŪĲҩһٶû£Ȼôúȣ֪ҵúܴҪȻҲô֮ھ͸Ӧ˞ų
ԴӶԞų˸Ӧ֮ҵľ״̬ԽԽãһһҹ˯ڶɾվӵʱ򣬷Լһ˫۾Ƶģ䡣
үӵ۾ŵ۾ҪʶһǲߣȾҪԷ۾Ϊ۾ĴҲߵŻһ˵۾Խ֤˵ΪԽǸĪ⡣
Ӧ˞ų֤Ѿ̤ߵУҺˡ
һֱһİүүΰƽˣ糾͵ģȥЩƣ
үӿִʲôʮֵּİӣԲŻ㣬ұϾӣæҲϻˡ
ٴοүүʮּүҵļ˷ܵ˵СӣģûõľͱӦųˣҵ֣ҿСУ
ҺٺɵЦƨ˵үүչ˵ĺãҪиû˭ء
үүЦΰƽҲԵʮָˣ޲ڡ
޴һֱҵӡܰŸ̬ȣǳҵ֮⡣
ϵʱүүҰȫ쵽ݼң˵ЩҪ죬ϰһүӵĻƴӣҷҲûҪʲô
Ȱ֮үӾ͸ΰƽҼԺΧæˣһЩεĽﲼһЩŪһ
үǸɶ
ү˵ǹĲлϻһҵĻǲɣ϶ҪߣΪ׼ģĥôãܿûôס
һӣҪǵ죬̷Ҫˣһ뵽һҪ˸ӵָоҾ͸е£ҺýһΣҵĿҲǵͷˡ
үӺΰƽæãŲǸҵҡ
үУʼӦųһǹлжʱÞųѹסҲҪ£ΰƽԱ߸ѹһжõġ
үӵĻϴϵķſʼӦųЩѾڸӦųӦ֣һҵ֮ĸоҲģ˞ų֮һжʧˣֻԴԴϵϢ˷۶


106 ̥
ڴϿʼӦųүӺ޴ֱվҵߣһȻĿҡ
һʼʱһЩϰߣҺܿ־ʱеһжȫεˣԴſգ۹۱ǣǹģңұңеֹУ⶯
ϴĿھһǼͳҵԺҺܿ͸Ӧ֮Ϣȫë׶΢΢ţһɹ˿˿ϢͨëҵȻ˳ë˳
һںĸо³£ÿһΣڵһ֣̹ͨ
ָӦųĸоʮ񫣬ΪʲôЩϺһһҲԭΪУĸоھ붨Ϻһ㣬һԼԴԴϵĻµ
Ҳ֪˶ãڵҸûʱ֪үӺΰƽǲǻվҵߡ
Ȼ䣬λôʹһ£ҵȻһ
ǹлжˣҵȵľһ̡
ҾҪڵĹָʤһһ
Ϊһ죬¶ڼΪһ죬αŮӻҪʹٱʹ࣬ôҶˣΪڽܹǲģɢľǿɺ޵Ĺлꡣ
ǹлҵﴦ춯ʱҵ㰴үүķԸĞųڵĹѹơ
ʹһʼǿңҸӦŞųؼɢϸ΢Լڣʼ궯Ĺл꿹⣬ǹɱϢͨ澭ڵ֮еʱȷʵܹһãִʹĸо
ҶǹĲлѹƵԽǹĲлͷҷ֣ҾȻЩƲסˡ
Ͼ֮ǰһһٶĹͷ֪ԩʮز۵ӤҲͷᣬǱϴмأԽСĺӣԹԽΪŸոûãûü۾磬͹ˣܲĴԹޣŬ˺þã֪ȴ˶೤ʱ䣬Ͷ̥ˣûþˣǹ϶ðԹ죬Ҳǹɵˡ
Ȼ֮ǰүүˣд׻˵ĺã֮棬ձһ߸⣬ʮֳġ
ʹĸоԽԽǿңһʼǵλʹľɢƺڱʲôʳţѰſڴϴԼָԼһ죬ҲһΣǧܷʹҲҪסֻҪסҾܹǹлܿҪˡ
ԣҧڼ֣־ӦųؼԴԴϵڵĹл꿹⣬ȫעʱ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹоͻԵƽϢһЩҺ͹֮ڳ⣬Ϣ˺ɱţƽȴǷһ㡣
ܹоǹлķŭˣʼҽҵĹʹޱ޼ʵʹ˲䳯ӿһһΨмرģҧӲͦζ˷ͷǼ
ҵʹɢȫʱҸоҵ·ȫʪ͸ˣ̶ɬζҲ֪ҧʲôط
ʶҲʼģҾȻҪʹȥĸо
ʱһֻůĴķҵĺ֮ϣǴ֮ͷųһůҵĺɢ澭˵ǽҴϴˢһ飬ޱ޼ʵʹ࣬ҵʶҲһЩ
ӡסܿͺˡүүһֱڣһȥ̥ǣȥԶҪסүүһ仰ûһث֣뵱үܵʹ໹Ҫ࡭ҪһΪҪܳܵĴۣĳɳ
үүĻҵĿο˲٣ʱþûôʹˡǰ÷Կຮѩ˱ǵζҪ̥ǣؼգıأ
һҧģӣڵǹл꿹⣬ҾǴСǿŪңҵĻǣҲôθڲУ
ٴεĳ֮ҵʶ嶼˼ıԵʱͻȻȫһɣһǿʶֱҵţҵǵķֱײһѶ


107 Ҳ뿪
ǹǿʶҵʱҸоһӦǽˣӾǱƤǽһ㣬ľ͵ȥһǺˮĴϣЩˮҽģоһĺˮҪࡣ
ҽҪȥһ̣ҿһѪɫĹâ뿪ٵ˴ӣԺ˳ȥпүӺΰƽó˷Ժ񱼶ȥһܻһߴ˵ʲôһҲûҺۣĺۣȥһӶҪ
뷨ҵʶֿʼԺſ˴ϣ۾
ǣͻȻЩĲ£Ҳ֪ĥµĹл꣬׻ʲôķʽ뿪磬һٿһִۡҾСһӦúúõĸлҪȻһԶ֪ҵܣҲ֪ҵҲ˭̤ߵС
ϢƬ̣λƵƣ壬ǽ棬ȥ
Ժ棬һѪɫƮҪط֮еʱͷƺͳһεĴУѪɫһεĴ֮оͻһɢĽľ޴˸ѪɫᷢһļХӰ֮еٴοٵڶ𣬼Ѱһ뿪
үӺΰƽЩгӣվԺһǹĲлɾڣǹĲлصײ˼εĴյڵһˣԭģһź·СŮģӰѾʮֵһֶ̿үӺΰƽǱηĿȥ
֪ģͻȻһĪ㺣ô˿̵ĹЩء
үó˷ʬߣǵľͳǹ˹ȥߵ˵Сͷ꣬СŲһˣϷôʰ㣡
ǹл꿴үӳȥֶ̿ĳźȥүҡͷˡ
ҶҪֹүӶֵĸоһⶫϾǹϱȻкˣãôһүү˿ɾûôˣһңرҡ
ٿСҲɢΪͲӦôϡ
ҵͻȻֺĥôãͲӦˡ
СѾ·ˣҼԺǽʱԺǽƺҲүӲ˷󣬹һҺϰڣæֳ෴ķ˹ȥʱүøϣеķʬĩ˵Сһҵ˸֮󣬾ͱүһǹлϡ
ǹһΪҵİӰԽԽԽԽ
һСŮǰɪɪ
ʱСʬȫɸɾʱҿСͻȻˣ޵˺ѷΣͻȻ󺰵СŸ硭ҰҲ뿪СŸ硭
СͻȻ亰СŸ磬ҵͻȻʹʹһ£ôôأ⡭ⲻŮ
Ůʮֿɰһͷװ׾ģһ˫ˮĴ۾ŵʱСһҾͺСŸ磬ұСѾͷҲǻϲĽԺҪôһƯŮҲ֪ˡ
СѾͷܲ붼û룬ͳүӴүүס֣ͣ
үүһ£֪ʲô飬ջ˷ʬߣС˿̾ľͻʣһӰͨĹ»Ұ磬Ʊһ̾Ҫɢģ
Сšôˣүүŷʬߣһɻĳ߿
ΰƽҲǴΪģ
ųС˹ȥӣС˭
С޿䣬ȴᣬſڱСŸ硭ȡȾҡȾҰɡȺú°ء
ҵһӾôһСѾͷǰȣ˭ûеֿƵǣСôͻȻͱĹŮأ
˵ʵһʼҾɻһ飬ǾҽĹڹײǸŴ·Ůʱ򣬵һ۾;Ůһģ̳ģҲ֪СŮ֮䵽ʲôϵ֮϶йҪȻСôͻȻͱأ


108 
ãүֱӱүүղѵûССŸ磬Ҿ𣿡
үüͷһΣⲻǹļƶѣҪԻ㣬СţԸֹǧҪĴȻүү
˵ţүҪ֣ȴһץסĸ첲ȰүүѾСˣȣŮ
үһ㶣ϸһ£ӶͷǸ
ҵ˵ͷ˵үүûôؼң֪ȥʱ򣬱ţޣҲǹɱȳһģһֱ治ǲʲôϵ
үӵͷ˼Ƭ̣˼˵Ŷԭˡֲʶ㡭үү϶ǹɱһ֮󣬽һ˵ĻǶˣΨСѾͷСѾͷԼһСҸ飬ͽĻԼϲһ壬ѰʱǹĻǿ󣬹Ȼƿ壬Ǵ˿̣ǹʶʬ̲˴󲿷֣СѾͷĻ壬Żϵ㡭
˵֮үΪȷԼ뷨ҲǿСѾͷʵСѾͷүү㣬ǲһĽ㣬һ氡
СѾͷ˵ͷ˵ǰһ㣬һ棬׵ġ۸ȡʱȳ棬ʱȹںȳ
үү˵ͷתͷң˵ӦòˣĹŮҲһޡ˻Ǳǹ顭
үүΪʲôǹһģһأʳɻ
ʱһֱĬ޴˵ҾǹǾѾͷĿɰÿĻԭӦòǳӵġ
޴ҲʵǸĽǲһʼʱ򳤵ĸ㲻һ
СѾͷֵ˵ͷ˵ţ㳤ĺףȸߣ۸ȡȡǺ͸ȳһģһˣǺס
ȷ˿̵СѾͷǹŮȣЩѰˣôأ
Ҫ˵ǹı»󣬾ȻȵıԼģ嶼ǻữεģҿ⣬ǹȻܽײԼʬĸһЩ˼ˡ
תһ룬ǹ֮ǰһСŮıȽϴ󣬿ԼÿŮЩССļȫҲ⡣
үүվȣתͷ˵СţҪȻүүͳ½ֻأͶ̥ȥɣСѾͷϾˣڻֺҲֻǵŻɢ
ԴˣûʲôСѾͷզ˵ҲһģһȣҲǻˣֻϣ±ܹиùޡ
ǣȵȡһүүߺòã㵽ȥĵطò˶ãֿˡ
һ˵ҪߣʱͲˣ˵ȲߡȲ֪ȥú°ְ裬үү̶ûˡҲҪˡء
һޣҵľ͸ˣѾͷүү̵ĻǶǿɺ޵ĹɵˣͶ̥תĻᶼˣھֻʣһ
ҵһͻȻͳһ뷨үү˵үүûʲô취
үӺΰƽһ㶣˺һ֮үӲŵСţҪ𣿡
ʲô֮ǰû˵ʵүүɶ˼
үү֣ص˵Ҫ뽫Ѿͷͱס㹫һ壬үү˵үǸʦүӣƵĶһеĺֻסԼڵ֮һҪʱʱĸЩĻɣǵĻǲŻӽȫСڸո̤ߵУܱҪСܻУʮ鷳ģҪԼҽСòҪ
ҳһ£ն˵үүҴСѾͷ̫ˡ
үү̾Ϣһ˵үƢ̫ˣϷֺγء˰ˡȻˣŰɡ


109 и
үӶͬˣҲԥֱӽȹϽҵĵСѾͷ̫ˣһ»Ұղֱʬһɱһ£һͻɢղҲҪֹļʱѾȫʬ߸ɵˡ
ڵѾǳǲˣʱҷƵģһΣײҵҸոЩܹסĵ֮
ұڵıСҵʱ򣬽еһҲɢˣǰһڣ˹ȥ
ʱѾǵڶˣүӺͰ趼ڣΰƽ硣
ŬǶȹһѣҵɺ񾭹һҹ֮Ǳ
ϾһУǲףкüζҪջǼ
үүҵǱϴ֮Ҹ˞ųʵҲ˹ҵʵүүҸ˞ų֮󣬵֮бȴ޷̫ĶϾֻǸոŵҿҪֲʱүү֣עҵ֮ڣԣҲŵֿס˹һһҵĳûɵҵĻǡ
үүΪҲɷѿģ۾үүʱ򣬷˼ƺһЩͷҲŸˣ˼ҲΪһΪСң̫̫࣬ˡ
ϰ֪ϾʲôΨһĶӾһҺö˶˵ģҲûٶ˵ֻæȥȻ뿪ˡ
֮޴ȥţүƺЩģ¸ĸһ־˻ϴϼļأһַųϿռСүүһ֮˾˵Щʲô
Щ֮үӣҵߣʵӣΣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ͦõģЩ飬
үү˵ͷ˵ϴӹŹһأǹĳνԪˣ϶Ҫһʱָܻⶼ󣬲֮ڣܸ˞ųܹһ漣׻˵ĺãѲк󸣣Ժ϶ǰ;ҵ֣үүǲῴģСӻ⼸õһүүǰԥ׸òôҵı£˹֮£үүҲûԥ˱Ҫˡ
үүλǶ㣬Ҫڣҿ϶ǹɱˡҳϿҵ˵
үүȴҡҡͷ˵ӣһлǿԼүүֻڹؼʱһѣǸ򲻵ųүүʲôãүүվһҪ뿪㣬չһӣԺ·Լߡ
Ĭĵ˵ͷĪЩ˸С
үү̾ϢһֵСŰִҪСŮ£үүǲģأǽˣΪŮ޻һֱĵ֮УⵤߵţԺĶֳһָŮ谭Уô㵤еĻǻԽԽҪɢүүûߵĺá
ʱһԵΰƽֳֵСֵŮ޻Ҳһ£ŮԭǸǹһģֻǰֻǹĸƷʵǹиСҲ̻СŮеĻ˵ָʱСֶһð֣
򲻿ɣүɫ˵ǽĹСŮԩܹ֮еֵزΪͷԩĻǣԹصزС׻꣬յõ˹֮壬СڵСޣҪָ۷״̬ȻҲҪѧǹһ㣬壬һһɾȱ飬ܲСʹȥЩĹ»Ұɣ̫ȱˣ˻ǣֻأҵﲻЩɥ飬Щаħʲô𣿡
ΰƽүѵɫ΢죬ȴ˵ֳ»ҰҲƶ֣֮׹Щڤ粻ĹĻɢСڵŮ޸أԴӵС
үӳһ£ɫ΢䣬ûзΰƽ뷨ֻǰ˰֣˵˺ˡҲᣬԺ˵Сڻ߲һ


110 
үתͷ˵Сţүү˵˵ԺҪʲôڸһˣһߣ۸棬ղͬ
Ҳ֪үΪʲô⣬ҵǴûҲ㲻һ߸ͨʲôϵѵ˵һߵһ˴󣬶һܶԸħ֣ν
ҸоһߣʲôħֵĻͨӦûɶ͸һ㣬˭Ҳжı£Ҫ֪֮
ҳţԺ󵽵׸úȥδӣǲǻҪǰһϷʡȥ򹤣׬ǮңȻȢţޣһӾôȥˡ
үӼҾþòش𣬱ָ˵СţߵŽ׶Σҵֶһûѧɣڻᣬһ꣬ǵÿնҪУЩֶΣܹӦһ¼֮󣬾͵үүϰô
үӵ黹ʣҶһүǸɶˣүر𰸼ĻĿӣźüʡݣҪǰǷ⽮ôһ٣ȥ죬ˮˣ
뵽ҲɵһϲæʵүүҸȥɣһʲôٰ
үûĵһۣ˵үү䰲ҪְôһƬ򣬵·ǨйƶȵģүүܲչҪүүɣҪһСְԱԺܹߵʲôʲôزһлҪԼŬүүﲻʲôΨһҲţҲߺˡ
ҲЩɥүүǸǿһ˿үӣҪֵʲôôǲˡ
ţүִҵһеģҪĻƣҪ콫Դڿϵ飬ֹүүҪײеаŪãҪʱСʮգǵү֮ԲúУбôһֵԭΪ㱾ԽҪеξԽЩһѹϣ㲻òȥүү֮Բ´Ҳ봫㣬ҲȫΪ߲ʱƷƽ˾ʵӿ̫ƽʢı󣬲֪жүүһΪ˸ĴۣүүʵͨˣŬôãûаѳסҵһʬңҲСӵ
үүߵ˵˱ߣŪҶʼЩˣʱɽ󣬻Ǿһͨ˵ĺá
£ұ̬үүɶᣬϴ˵ɣܸܲһ飬Ժ˵вУ
үҵļ˵УԼŰɣүү㻹ͦĵģһҲò㣬СӿɱҵֶΪүү֪ˣ϶ûСӵĺùӳԣŪûװӡ
ҺٺһЦ˵үү˵ģֺΪǴܣѺȸʲôģʲôʱֹӡ
үүһ˵ԺҲע֮󣬳ֵҲһˣֻһģпҪͨ˵ҪСĽ
ҵͷʾ֪
үүŵˣڼŰɣүү޴ͷϻЩҪҪȥˣÿ컹ҪʮȫͻָĿһЩ
֪ˣүүһǶҾһǳҲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
үӽ⿪˶ԞųķţϰѾ緹ˣүӺ޴翴ܴæӣûüԣʹҴȥˡ
ߵҿһӺþƺòҲܳԣֻܳʮȫ
ӣû¶ڼˣ֮󣬾ͻָ࣬Ҳܹˡ
ǹүү֮ѾǰʳУҲһЩʱȥɱ顣
ҵˣʾǲһ˻ˣָͦģԴӸ˞ų֮зĽҲʮѸ٣ϴϵһЩСҲܹˡ
û¶ʱͻȻҵ֮еСѾͷȣһʲôģһڼȷʵЩģǵ취СѾͷйͨʱСѾͷȷңҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ƺҲܲ³һпܣСѾͷǱʬ߸˵ˣ̫Ҫҵһӡ


111 
һ뵽СѾͷȣҾһֻӵĸоСѾͷ̫ˣ޿ΨһܹŵˣҲֻˣȻҾһҪΣȡԼǿõܵҵȡЩʱϵʱҲ죬һеĹס
޴˵СѾͷԭǸǹһģ˹иʺһʶѵĸоСѾͷָܹɹּĴãԺұ¹ʲôħ֣һųСŵƨ
Ҳֻֻ룬СѾͷǿͬʱұҲҪǿһСѾͷԺˣβǱˣ
ڼϢ˼죬ÿʮȫţָĺܿ죬ټҹϵУÿһЩѹ˵֮У˶Եþࡣ
СˣڼҾвסˣųȥ棬ҲˣĩСЪ࣬͹档ĸС֮УڿϵһúˣؼңС־ǿϴѧֻкٲŻ
һҼզզģԼһҾ˵СŸ磬˵ڼɶĸµƵģ˼ĸ¸ʲôģ㵹Ҳ¸ư
һȥСֺ˰ۣСӺģʮϷƷ裬ҪͷҺĶ׼ü¶šû˵
ӺٺһЦЩ˼˵УǶҵĴⲻǾҪզ
˵ţСӾһ߼Цһ·˹һŷ𣬾ƨɵϣߵշһſײϣȻһĻ
һҲûԼʹӾͱߵķһʱүүҵУһߣûأܾԼûöܹ˴뵽һ£æӴͳ˹ȥ
ˣͼ˵УүҸ棬ģզأ
֪½ˣæⲻǣɾװӣ˵˵Ӳ
ʱӲŸ˵⣬ýż٣Լҵ䣬¸ӣȸСɶģӰҲС
ȾƳԷҵͬ⣬үһȥӰ˰ɣܾЩֵֹġ
ЩҲȷڼĹǺʮȫҲȵĹģʱ򻻻ζˡ
껨ļڣڴϣҺһгʻǻɽС·ϣ￪Ρ
֮ĻµĿоҲ泩ࡣ
⼸ĵǹҵĥ֮ǰҽԺľһ룬ֱǲףһжˣţһϲ顣
ںϣϻţһгںŸ裬һҪҪԶٻ
Ӹ˵õģһһ·ֻ˻ûãӺΣɵɵˣһ·гֵ͵
Ҳû룬ҵҪûãղһܰ߷ඣ
ʱҴǧǮⶼ׬ģҴҽԺʱ򣬸һǽٿǮǰ»ǮûˣȻںö˶˵ģǮ϶Ҫġ
ܹеļٿǮĿȻ࣬Ҳһˤġ
СʱҺӲֱſˣһͷȺƵġ
ʱҲںҴֱȥǸǸǿŸǿ绰ţһֱûмĵ绰롣
ҲǴˣǿûȥ򹤣ڱһţýĩСҲڼЪࡣ
ǻɶ˵ģֱӽǿԼ˳ҸһСȡ
ӱǿǲʶģǾһܣȻ˵һҺ͸ǿϷʡ򹤸˴ܵ飬Ҳܿѡ
ѵܹΪѣⶼΪƢͶԵʡ
һҲˬˣȵǽһˣһ첱Ӵ֣ȵֱӸǿһ𣬹ģ͸ϱֵƵģȵһʱҾͽٿǮ˳ݸ˸ǿ˵ֵܣٿǮҵģ׻˵ĺãýûٽ費ѣֵܻˣǮţǰҴæ
ǿһ£Ҳ֪ǺȶˣǼԲã˵СŸ磬ҽǮ𣿡


112 ô
զ˵¶ǼһǿǽǮˡ
СӽϲĹȥǰ̨ٷķǮˣŪЩ̹лģǮСӸġ
ôԽǷԽأ
ǿСӾôһˣ¸ɾ䣬ΪˬǸֵýĺѡ
һֱڿС壬˵ѣǽˣ»˵绰롣
Թ֮ѾһˣүǴӷһȵҡҡλεģһһЩֻͷ΢еΣѵĺܣŴԵʣСܺȾƣҺٺټУȵƾ͸ûʲô¶ˡ
˹ģõĸ˫̥ƵģֱӽҺһԡ
гڳĴ·й䣬һһѾƣ绹ҵʲôɣ򷢴ʱ䡣
ţͻȻҵļһ£ΪӶ磬ǽһӭҾ;òԣתͷһͿһʱľϵıҲӲ
ôأɰ֮仹Ե֡
ʲôأЦӯӯĿңһʱ俴ˣûСѾͷƯ˺ö࣬ҽԺʱŻʿһƷջĸоûʿǴһɫȹĳе£Եóˣ޲ɷ
ŮҽԺǸСʿ
ʮ⣬ֵͻȻҲ֪ø˵Щʲô
СѾͷȴֳ΢΢һЦ˵˶°ǵ
ǵáǵáô᲻ǵãûϰ𣿡Щִٵ˵ֶ֪ˣʱʢ仨һĻŭţָо
Ůĳ֣þӺ͸ǿʱ˴룬۾ֱĶӣӶ˳
ӺܿͷӦ˹ٺЦСŸ磬λŮ˭ֵǽܽܰ˵ţͣĳҼüŪۣҪĳ嶯
ɫԵӺɵ㶵ĸǿ˵ͷǴкҵĩҵ겻ϰˣʵ֡
Ҳ֪ղʲôʳһ⣬ҲǺٺһЦӽܵӣҽԺʱһֱ֢໤ңԲѣûע⵽λŮסǼҽԺĻʿûչǡ
⻰˵һ٣ŹӰγʬʱҪ֧ˣ˵СûˡСŸЦѽһһᡭ˵ҵôأûһŮ֪ҾͶסԺˡ
ӶˣӯӯһЦǧģЦҵĶ컯ˣһͷһ˵ҽԺסġ
ʱɵ㶵ĸǿŷӦҹһЦ˵СŸ磬ǲɩӰһΪҵأԭǹɩӵģ˳ҺȾǲǣ
⻰һ˵ŪҸһҶ֪ôӲ
ܿǿסӵļ˵߰ɣӸ磬ǾͱˣҴȥĵط׼ϲ
ӱЩԸģǱǿˣ˳㻹ӹег
ڣֻʣҺˣһʱ䳡ЩΣͷ˵һֱԼż⣬ҲûҪߵ˼
һӦһЩЦЦ˵ӣʱûȵɣϴҽԺ飬һûüúøлء
̧ͷһЦ˵ðʱ䣬߰ɡǷһٴͣҶء
˵ţסҵĸ첲Ŵ·һֱǰߡ
ҵС໹أһס˸첲һɺŵζǼ⣬ʱЩƮƮɵĸоʵǰҽԺʱҶƯСʿͶкøУǴֺ֮øǿңǣҲе֪֮Ĳ࣬ܺãƯһù϶˵׷һµСӣһû£ûǮûʱҶ֪ܻʲôʱԣƯĿӣ붼룬Ҫ˼ƽڣҲ뷨֮в࣬һӣôܸһСȥũ
ˣܲܲ˼ңңԶٷҲӦõġ


113 Ҳ
һһֵҵģǾϴǮأǧСӳԶٷӦǹ˰ɣ
ţҾЩİˡ
һŮŸ첲ڴϣǻͷʳˣĵõ˼㣬üĸо
ʵҲ֪ӶҺôһ˼Ҿ벻ףˣֵһƯϲѵҳĺ˧
Ļǿ԰ɣӺ־ǿļһǿһЩ
ҾӦòôǳˣΪһ˳˧ϲһ벻ϻʲô㡣
һ·ţȫЩ߰飬һֱͦıֱ·ԵЩӲ
ʱƺ쵽ҵ쳣̧ͷ˫ˮĴ۾һۣɻ˵ôоЩأ
ҲŰһ߽ƱţƫƫָӽҵǸҰӣ֪˫۾ɱжôһҾͻֵģѽ㻹ҡҡܲˡ
æתͷȥӲǰߡ
ʱ򣬿һָ˵㿴иҪҺȿȰɡ
һǿͦߵģӦü۸񲻷ƣũСӣ˵ʵûȥôߵĿҲûƷζֶҲȹǲϰζȻȥҾˣµͷǺðȥȿȡ
һЦ¶˱ݣǳǳСѣ۾Цܲˣ̫ˣֲĲ̫ˡ
˿֮һͦƫƧСԱ㵥ù˵һСôһȾϰٿǮ򹤣һۻҲ׬ôһȾͺȹˡ
Ů棬һǲɫĽӵݸ˵ʲôɣ͡
ǺðҿɾͲˡ˵ţͽӹ˵ӣһʲôŵҪʲôҲ˵ʲôҾͺʲôǾ͵ݶ⣬ҪһС㣬ҳԲԣǸոǿƳһҲԱûҪǷԱŵˡ
Ա֮ԵЩΣͳ΢΢Цţ˲ЦݣԽЦԽǾִٲƽʱĵͦİëʬҶҸˤͷôСѾͷǰ;ĶŤչŵСϱƵģ
ҽԺʱһСѾͷ˵˵ЦЦģƫƫͽ
ȫһо
ΪʲôôšǰƤɱ񰡡Ȥ
Сôˣ˵ˡ
ϵļⶶʲôѽЦеĿҡ
ôôûо涶ˣѾоˡ
ĵĴЦЦǰϣЦ˳߿
Ҹɿӣ˵˺ˡˣһЦˡ
űס죬ֹסЦڵ
һԱ˿Ⱥ͵ģҺһڿȣû³һӹζȲϰߣûүүʮȫúء
һȥɫƽ
ҲһڣһΣһ˵ӣϴҽԺ飬ллˣҪ㣬ֵӾ͹ҵˡ
һ˵¶ʱȤ˹ص˵ң˼ҵǸʲôģôôרҶ첻飬һ¾ͽˣڶ˵Ĳ鶼ֹͣ˶񻯣Ǹҽ̵ˣҲȻˡ
ѵҲʲôˣǸڴһҽңרǶҩӣҾ˹ҲǲͶҽ˭֪ĽǼκˡ
ƺЩţҪ˵ʱһԴͻȻɰô
̧֮ͷǸԴȥһС˹˹ĵ˳˹һɫװıͦͦ˧ģϹһŮ˵ЦݣȴûɵһҲ˵Ϊʲô
Сʼնûг߿һ۰ɡ
֮üͷ΢΢ͷȥ˵ã졭
˧Сߵߣûг߿һֻۣĶп￪˼ҷ˵ĶνͦóԣҴȥ


114 ҵ
˵ʵվǰĸߴ˧磬һʮŵľͷ̧֮価ԹϢֻ˵ǻͲһˣʲôνʲôû˵ҳԹûԹνôģĶйĶ첻һ
֪ģҿСվǰһִ⣬һл֮С
ҪСӳͦ˧ģһͱ˧ˣװȵĴһɫװ˵Ǵ죬Ѿˣһ
ԼȵĻţ˵һɫװǵöɧ
ǣСӾȻҵ˿һ˫ɫԵ۾ϴתһۣػҪеİɣ
ҿʱҲתͷ߿һۣԵЩţ˧˼ҽԼˣǻȥӰء
⻰һ˵꣬ǴŰװС־ͳָ˹Щõ˵һȥӰ
ҿүģ֪ţָҵʱϣҵˣ
˵ĿôôŤһ𿴵Ӱզˣܵ
ÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵ţ
ôľܾ˧룬İˣүģװβأ˼ҿӶ˦㣬˼վƤǹġ
ʱСȻЩˣתͷ߿Ĳһ㣬һĨ׺֮
ҴС첻µز£µСҲʰˣ㣿ޱĳ˹ȥһ˲䣬һֻײĸо
СӺܿͻָϸֳһĨЦ⣬Ļ治һĿ죬˵죬֪λֵմ
ҳ˵ͷ΢Ц
ǰҾֵƽСӺܲˬȴҲֳܱ˾ҪȣҺ֮䱾ûʲôֻڴżûҪһİϻ𣬾˹һ֮ҷҵؿ˲٣ҪǰҪǸָţ͸ˡ
߶ҵֵ֣ͦ˼ֵ֪ʲôطư
ҵ񣬼סڸ߸ڴ壬㻹ʲô֪ģҷʵһ¿ˮ̵ĸо
仰֮СͻȻЦЦǽһ죬Ц˳ָҶ˵ôʶˣһµСӣԶݰɣ
⻰һ˵ҵĻ䡱һ¾ʹ۾ļһҲ̫ƲˣȻһũޣеֱʲô£ũôˣˣһƲũ޵ӣڷһôҲũˣ
Ҷһվһٵ뷨ҵĶ棬ֻýͷŭǿѹҲŮǰˣǰҲ֪Сӵ׸ʲôϵŵȵ˵
˵üͷҲȻܲˣûд죬ǿңʵСŸ磬ԺûУ
ҽϵĿһ¶һھˣǲһѺȣôҲһٶǮģ˷Ѳǡ
֮һĨ죬ԱԱ򵥣
ǷԱܿ˹Ҷû˵ͽٿǮϣˬ˵ˡ
˵ţҾͳ˹ȥ̧ţǷԱС˵Ǯ
ɶҶʱһŵĺߣ˶ˣԴ˵һ£찵أҸȥ
ԭҲͶٶ࣬һС㶥ҲͶٿǮɣû뵽ô󣬾Ȼ
һֱԱ߿ֵٴαһЦֹ˵һ
л𣬵ʵǷԱ١
ʮǷԱҲЩִٵ˵
ִһٿǮǷԱУתͷͳȥ
ұΪҲЦңûУһûߵߣʱǰһ¾סҵĸ첲ӾͿϣʱȫһ
ʱ̲סͷ쿴һۣǽţǮǿӲ㣬ҺΣϽ׽ȥǡ
ȻһͷȥʱСѾĻˣɫһƬҰף޲һҪҸˡ
ҾͲˣ㻹۾ɱң


115 ޼
ҵЦ
Ϊ˹Сӣһŵӣļϣо̫ˣڻô󣬻ǵһαŮˣһһŮʱһ֣˵ĸо
§ҲûоܾҴҡڵĳſſȥ
ߵſڵʱݺݵ˹Ҽסˣǿ϶ټġ
ѽҿ
үöû˸ҷŹݻˣѧǻ˸ҷźݻҷѧ֮ţҴסһµҽԺСӳϸƤģȻͷҸߵһ˴߰˸û⣬˵Ǹߣ㲻ǣҲһȭŵǰװʲôͷⰡ
仰֮ҵĽŲͣҪһȴС֣˳ҵ·С˵СŸ磬һʶǿ߰ɡ
ĵŭ𣬱ӵϸˣ˵ͷſӼߣһһ˵ðڴٴμ桭
˵䣬ҺͿӾߵ棬߳ȥҾ̲סС˭һҾ͸Ƶģˣ
Сһ죬ԵĽģȻһǶһ٣ļһ϶׷ߵһ
һ֮һֵ⣺֪һ𣿡
⻹Ҹסˣҽʾӵȥ˭˰ҲûȻҡҡͷ˵ʶܳ𣿡
ǿһĿңʵĲ֪
ҡҡͷһãȻĲ֪
һָǰȥ˵㿴Ǳߡ
ҳָķȥǰһ¥Ҳûİ
һ¥ʲôֵģ
㿴֡
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ǣҾ޼ţǲʲôϵأ
Ÿҽ͵޼žĹ˾кܶҵ޵ز޻֡鱦ǡղǸģΨһĶӡ
˵仰֮ҶʱסˣԭؾͱҵţղǸŰװļһﾹȻ׶ӣȻ֪˭ǾôһܣҶʱ׺䣬ôĲҵǵǶٸڣֲС˵һȣĸؤƵġԡֱûпɱԡСӲһǮƵǣôǮһСӣô˼ҰģСӾԾһʯ尡
ҳԾı飬͡һЦקקҵ·˵ôˣ
һع񣬺ٺɵЦ˵ʲôֲܳҡ
ֺʵӣСӿ϶ϲɣôǮ˳Ҳͦ˧ģΪɶ㲻أ
εҡҡͷ˵ҲϲǮʲô¶ҾͲϲǸֺӣôҶء
ҺٺһЦ§һЩЦǲϲСŸİ
Сٴαĺ˵ģ͸ĺƻˣҵٴοһڣһӣҳå
ĸ˵ϲˣٳòã
˵ţҵ֣ǰС˳ȥһߣҵĶʱͿģһ󱦱ƵģһûأУһߡ
£ҲԸԸ⣬ֱȥסļ򣬺ٺЦӣ컹أ㲻˵ҪȥӰھȥɣ
˵ҪӰ𣿡ʵ
˵˰ղŸ˵ҪһȥӰġ
ƭģ㻹ˣߵ˵
棬ľ仰Ҷ棬˵˵ģɲڡҺƤ˵
˵ˣֻǵͷǰߣɰİĬˡ
˾߽һҵӰԺһӰӰݵɶҲ֪Ϊֻſˣ˵զͳôÿأĶÿһһЦһһǰÿȿӰöˡ
Ʊ˭ôţӰҲȥҿĺܲ˼һֱͷһ仰Ҳ˵
һӰһСʱҾͿһһСʱ˲ûȥ
˵Ӱ֮˫˫˳ŷִʱ춼ѾˣͻȻһ飬ˡ˵õĽȥҹۼģ֮ȫˡ


116 ر
ҶʱһĻŭŵĸо˵֮Խõ鶼ˣ˵ʲôֻ˵£ȻĲУһǰοӣżúøһ²ͺˡˣȥģ
һۣǺģһŵ첻ˣҸûؼˣһȥˣָõˡ
óǶٿǰֻһʱĲˣѾ˵ˣȷʵҲؼˣﻹЩᣬܾʱ죬գۼ͹ȥˣȻҸһʱ⻹ûд
жʱƮɢһζ˿˿ģǳĸо
һжǰܰ
ԿĳҲЩ᲻ңȻҲ̫ô͸ҷֿ
ؼңͷҲʾĬˡ
һ㣬Ĳ뿪
Ҳûиסʲôطû˵ﵽԶԶһ·ţ˶ЩΣû־ִٵĸоˡ
ҵֲٴδļϣһ仰û˵ҲĿһЩҵļϣܹŵϵζΪ֮
һ·ϣһ仰û˵ţľһֱȥߵĵϣʯá
Ȼʶǵһ죬ǽҺʶһŮеǸѩҲǰӡ
һ·ٳҲоͷģͣЩĸ˵СŸ硭͵ɡҵˡ
ĴɨһۣһƬܸߵסլⷿӦҲ۸񲻷ƣһҸ߸ڴǸңʱһֺʧĸоҽһе׶Բԣò÷ŮķģһСӣܲܺúչŮ
ʵ֮ǰҲ֮Ĳ࣬һǲıһֻһ죬Ҫػһӡ
ǺáҾͻȥˣ㡣һ˵һᡣ
˵ͷתǰȥʱҲһʮҪ飬һ֪ĵ绰أȥҪ˻
绰Ҫ˻֮ͺʵСŸ硭ʲôʱټ桭
ֻҪңҺܿͻǰͻȻðôһ䡣
˵ͷתˣȷһͷĿ߽ǸߵСĴţֱҲʱ򣬲뿪
ȥʱҵǼ˷ֵǣӦˣǰ·ãҲ֪ҸԺһУ֪θһʲôûУֻһũСӣǰһЩԱеġ
ˣȥˣһһɣҲǻһֳүүôĿӣүݾǳ棬үӵڹܻһţҲһ⡣
룬ǲǸүӵĻԺ죬˵ıһְٰģһ𣬺Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
ţԼ֪ߵһֶֻʮˡ
ʱҲӺ͸ǿ˻˼绰Ҵ򣬲֪ȥˡ
ұǴ绰ģ뻹ˣ˵Ӿڸǿңֱӹȥ͵ˣǻزȥˣڸǿҴպһޡ
ţҾͳŸǿļ˹ȥ
ǿļҾڳдһСԺȥ˺üˣ塣
˰Сʱ֮ұ˸ǿסǸСͬչһͻȻ;ЩԾڸţԴүүǱϴСϳ֮ҾͳһߣΧľҲǴߣֻҪҾܴ΢СиܵණͱĽŲȻᣬԲ٣ʮˣǽŲűһֲ˼
£ҵʲôûзǰߣҪͨд߰С˦ǣǰ֮󣬾ͿҵǰҲվһȺˣΪ׵һ˴һѩ׵װںҹ֮УҲʮۡ
Сһ۾˳޼ܵĶô
ʱ˵һټģŹȥ˼СʱǾٴμˣСӻһرļһΪ鼵ģôҵңǴ󸻺Ķӣͨ찡
࣬Ҳ¶¹˭أ


117 
ǰ棬쵲סȥ·һ˵ĻҾֱӳȥˣһˣվʮֵĺӣеĸӶ׶࣬Ҳ֪ǳʲôġ
Щÿһ⣬ϵļ񣬿ȥЩˣ˲˵ﻹżһееſŪĸƵģﵱͭ壬һǳºô
쿴֮϶һĨյЦݣһ̣³һڰɫͷߵ˹
һ֣ͷͽŻ谵·ƿһ̵ӣȫ֣ʶƼ۸񲻷ƣһͶϣİװһ
Ʊǰװһ£ΪǰŪô˽ҶСͬҿ϶ŵȶӶˣȻڵϽүһ˳µĽһ裬ӦԺҲȥǿӡ
Цʲôʱûô
ҵĸվô󣬳˺ʱǽү˭
ͷϣʱæҵһĴ򣬵ͷɫװһɫĿǱ
װȲɷˣ˵ʱӦûں档
ôһǱɫףָ񣡡
ҺǺһЦװһ£лл佱Ϳ񣬲ҿڸ񡣡
޹ӣСӷʲôֱӷԸˣǿһ첲жһȣҸ޹ŮˣǻĲͷˣҲϳǴ޹ӵ˭
Ǵ󴫹ģתȥһһһĹͷӣһһӣͿȥиʮ£֣ﻹһ󿳵ָֻš
˭ðôһɵƣǰװᡣ
ʱֵӣż˵
ͳ˹ֵһ̣һԹһ˸ˣվ׵ĵطٺЦСӻֵͦģΪŪộСӻųʺܵվǲɵأ
ֻЦеĿû˵
ţʮŵ˵¶أܵøһ˵ڸ㻮һأڵϸҿͷȻٽүүӦԺߣԶҪپҾͷһڶͼ򵥶ˣҽУϵһ첲ߴһȣ¶ؾô˽ˣѡһ͸һʹ컰Ҷͦæģ˭Ҳ˭ʱ䡭
һЦеĿ˵һѡǰүүأ
仰֮鲣ӵĹâٴ˸ȥһ֣ҪкЩִҡ
Ѿ׼ˣƴ㲻޹˻ȥȽڵأƽˣʮġ
ֻҶѾ׼öˣһϤͻȻ˹
ѽ硭ôˣôҲ绰ֵҺ׼׼д
֮æתȥȺһǿһг˽
ûأǸոջ
ҵһŵһҪǴҲһܹչ˵Ǳˣ϶ⲻȥ
ЩֶѾеļһҪҳˣΪӺ͸ǿĵǱʱͣ
ǿгתֽӣӵֱ㶵ģִЩгͳ˹СʵСŸ硭ҵĻڡò׳һ죬ôӣ㾿ǵ˭˰
ģиأ۴ɶʱԹСĸ˵
ӵ˿޳ˣЩ˵׸硭ܸǰһʱСС֣ƦåܡǰһȺԾǺᰡ㡭⾿զ¶
ûдӣǿ˸ǿСһסǸӵ֣һ㶣ϸŸǿۣûϳ˭
ʱ򣬸ǿѾ̳˳ļֵɢ̣ĴкӣһˣǿôʶЩˣ
Ƭ֮ҲͱǿˣǸбеĴƬĸǿļʵ˵ô˭


118 ʲô
һʼΪǿʶЩˣ˼ҸͲӣôƬĸǿʱЦе˵ѽ磬ǹ˶°ܲǵң϶ʶø簡Ҹߴ׳ǰȥ걻ȥ˰ӣǰҸҸʱ򣬻һȹء
ŶӸǻȻӣһתüͷһŭߴ׳ĸ˸ӣû¶׽Ͻү飬ҪȻһ򣡡
ǿͷǱƤ˵Ӹ磬ȵȰֵɶ飬ıӵҵﱪӸ磬ǮǮллɶ²úܴˮԼԼ˲ǣ
˵ţǿߵߣɫʱȻСʵСŸ磬ʲô
ûȺ˳Ա˳ŵģҪ鷳ҵ˵
ܷǴ򲻿ɣǿʵ
ҲһǴǸҿͷлҾߡֵ
СŸ磬֪ղŸ˵ǱӸ˭ϳǱĴӣԺ󲻺ùǿҽ͵
ҹ˭ùҲùˣɵ˵
ǿ˴Ĵָ֣ص˵СŸ磬֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷʾ֪
ǿ˴Ĵָ˵ľǣɶʱôţȺ䣬֣
ֿ죬ŸǿٺһЦ¶һڰе˼飬޷⣬ȴ֪ҾʲôҾüʮ֮ǰһСĥЩǶɵˣǳ֮ν̥ǣ̤ߵС
ڵҲǰǰô˵ʱҿ϶򲻹ڿɲһˣϴϵĹҲѧһЩ֮Ҳɴٶϣ֪ǰҪٱ֮һսĵΪеʮİսЩ˷ŵܹȫ
仰˵ҶͱӸͷϴͷлҲ׷ŹңȻҪһʿɱ裬ʲ
Ҷ£һЩˣ
ȻǣҲ£үү˵ǰ㣬ûһث֣ҿɲ涪ˡ
ǿ֪ҵ뷨֮Ҳû˵һ仰ҿ۾һĨ׹֣Ҫƴļơ
ʱǱӸͲͷˣֵ˵˵ô˵ɶأ׹򲻹ͷϴ
ǿֳָһĨĵЦ⣬ǱӸЦȥһһ߽˿ڴԱӸ˵Ӹ硭ҹү
˵գǿȷѣӿڴóһִ̣ͳǱӸϴȥӸһҽУѪ䣬Ե˵ϡ
·ͻȻ˭û뵽ֽǱӸ˶ɵˡ
߾ֻˣǱжʮ׳һÿﶼмһǿҶ֣ⲻ
ǿӸſȥ֮Ⱥ˶ʱӦ˹׷׽źǣ򡭡
ʵڱӸ絹صһɲǣҾӸңȻӾһԱһ˳ȥһ䣬ҵһ˫ȭͷʹ׳СϣȭֱܴӽǴ˳ȥȻײ˺üˡ
Ҵе˵۵Ļ˹ȥҲûҳǻûȫӦͣŷλȭȣպԼÿһУϾͻŵһǱҴеˣûġ
үү֮ǰ˵ߣϵǵ֮еݣǸͨ˶֣вֱӾܽ˴ԣպ˷ִ磬ֻǽǴûл֮ԲҪǵ
ߣͨϴ˽еҪѨλʱ򣬾һЩע˫֮ϣȻϵѨߴˣ֮ǻ־ˡ
ҵĶ죬ȻǴֲټϸǿӴӦʮˣһӣȫǷŷڵء
ǿǹ͵ľͷһҲŷˡ
һеı̫ˣЩȫɵˡ
ʲôʮˣﶼżһ˲һӣʮ˴ſˣ
С壿
쿴һ֮ͱĻһ˺һ߸ʲô˵Ÿʲôȥ򰡡
һ£ʮҲ˹


119 Ҫ
ղͻȻһʮˣǱߵɵˣһ𳤴Ҳһ˼Ŀң૵˵ҿʲôСŸ磬ɵˣ
ǿͷһۣմѪִӣԵ˵СŸ磬ţ棡
һȺ˾ͳȺûиղűӸȺˣѾˣΪոһ֮ڷŷʮǲ飬ƫƫˡ
ܲ£ϣֻǿ߲Ż˾η
ߵЩ˳嵽ߣҵٴοͬӰһ㳯˹ȥ
ڷע˫ȭ֮ϣ۾ŵĶϵѨλҪЩҪܣЩҪػʮ˵ĶҿٵıϮ֮£һ񶼳Ҿ۵ס
һˤֱ֣ӽһ׳˳ȥʱҷ˺üˣ˫ֿٵĳ˵ҵȭ£ҽҲûƬͣµֱ߻˹ȥǼһԣĻҽ֣ʱеһŵĶӡ
ҲŹǣΪңҪۣǸļһǲˣԺ鷳
ܵ죬һߵȴ죬ҽ֮еϢתע˫֮ϣ߶˺ķܿ׷˺ˣһһƣ˺ϣֱķ˳ȥڵϻײͣ׷Ҳɽ
һǻŲ·ˣСӶ챻ŷˣ󺰴еıӣͲ޵ˡ
Ҷ׷һСʯӣýֱ߷˳ȥСʯȵȶϣҽһ˵ڵأҾ׷ȥվǰ档
ӵһɫװմԵǱǷͶɢˣĻһӵģ
СӴСţûа򣬴˿̼վǰʱŵɫҰףôһȶӵһֱӸҹ
޹ӣղŸһҼԲãٸ˵һ顣˵
޹һˣ⡭ɲܶҶ֣֪Ұ˭ôҪǴҡҡ
ž
仰˵꣬һӾϣʱ͸ϸߡ
һ£ҾͽСӸˣžžµź׵ӣ˵㡭ˣǮ˵Ҫ٣͸㡭Ļ
ž
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Ǯ˲𣿱۸ζܰɣúùܽһ㣬㳢Ⱔζ
˵ţҾҪʱ򣬸ǿӾѾ˹ҵ־˰С
ǿƵҵǰŹڵϵ쿴ȥһûϳ˵СŸ磬˭
졣һص
ɶǿ۾ʱ͵ɵԲۿɳ
ҵĸ첲ǰ˼СʵСŸ磬˿޼үĶ죿
ǰҲ֪˭ǿӸҵġһش
ǿʱͺҵĸ첲˵СŸ磬ڣ˭ãƫƫүĶӣүϳǿһָĴ󸻺ǻģڰûʶˣͨ찡ҿ¶˰ɣүҪƽСĿҪԲ˶ߡ
췢ڿȹӵ飬򵥵ĸǿ˵һ飬Ҳߵģ˵СӵȷǸô
ӺܿͿɥСŸ磬ҽͲôһ¶ľųĹͱôһ¨ӣҺûʲô¶ҪȻһȥô˽
ӵһû¶أķƷ裬ܵͷ˼˵ҡ
ˣ˵ˡСŸ磬㿴¶ôճɡ
ǿҲȰ˵ǰСŸ磬ү治ܹǵһСָͷǡ
Ҵֵ˵ʲô飬һ˵ţ¶޹أ˭Ҫ롣
Ҿֱߵ˹ڵϵߣװһ׺ݵı飬ݺݵ˵¶ֻ׼һΣԲеڶΣеĻ³
˵ţһȭʹһԵǽڣǽһ


120 
һȭȥ֮ҽžͺˣۣᶼ۳ˣҲţɶݺݵĵ졣
ͷһʱŵĻһ£⡭ү۲ʶ̩ɽүүһɣ췢ģԺҲ鷳Ҳ֤ԺԶԶģԲһءҶ췢ġ
˵ţ컹һͨģڰ˱ˡ
ӻϿңſɶһӶ࿴°˰֣ͷ˵ϽԺҿ㣡
Ϲ˵ţվ෴ķ˳ȥ
ںͬڵʱСӻͷһۣ̫ڣûпҲ֪ͷһ۵״ʲô˼ؼͣƬ̣ʧҵǰ
С֮Ҳһʹ˦˦֣ղһȭǽϣ۵ҲгҲ֪ʱΪɶðһ׵뷨ʲôãƫƫǽ̧һƤˡ
ʱӺ͸ǿߣЩ˼˵СŸ磬ǲǳΰ簡ôͣղһͨģǾʼˣ֪ܴȴ֪ôܴ򡭡
Ȼǿȴ̾Ϣһ˵СŸ硭ܴˣȲ˵Ǹ飬ǱӸҲͷۣǱӸһˣСͻ켣ϳǣܶŹ޶֮ǰ˼شΪ˺ȥģǴ϶ưոݣҿǻǶɣҪһߣȥϷʡ򹤣ȶϸһصģҪȻ鷳
ǿ˵ǸӸ磬϶ǸϻŴӵǸһǿ䲻̴ִһǸǿ֪ⱪӸ粻ǣǳִȫΪңֵܼ
ԭҲǣκˣΪģһе˭֪ҪֵʱӺ͸ǿ͸ˣŪһֲ
ЩˣǲµģҴ٣ǸǿӶͨˣЩǿ϶ӦˣӻһЩһʱиӦ˵Ǵ˶쳣ŽᣬǼǺᣬҲҵǴǡ
ΨһĵľǸǿסţǱӸҪ鷳ʵ̫ˡ
뵽ҶԸǿֵܣҪȻɣһȥϷʡɣҺӻش壬Ӧʲô鷳ģҾǵ㣬±ǱһؼңﻹǮţҴ飬ٻ
ǿüͷһЩƵ˵СŸ磬Ҹ˵ô˵أⲻǮǮ⣬ǱӸ綥ҲǴһ٣϶ŪңǸľͲһˣҶôϵڰͨԣҾڰʹ㶼֪ôģ׻˵ĺã͵ǡСŸ磬˵ģһɡ
˵ĳϿңȻд㣬컹ǱӸ磬˭£Ҫ鷳ʱãһߣ°ڼûչ˲˵ӵİȫҲʮֵǣоҪˣô죿һ뵽Ǹӣ;ò̹һߣСӻúΪ֪ôΪأ¶֪ˣҾͶ˶ˡ
ұǿֵܣ˵ˣߣݶҼסˣҲߣﻹҪ
ǿΣȰ˵䣬һ˶˸ǿļ
ǿĸĸҲȥˣڼһˣ춼Ѿˣǲôȥڸǿļסһޡ
ϴϴˢˢһԺĴ㣬˾͸˯ˡ
һЩ˯ţһֱ췢飬Ǹļһ᲻ᱨңղǹڵϸҷĵģѵԶţ
µķ񣬱Ŀ϶ƨһҾøǿ˵ĺеһ鷳
Ĳ£ˮڣҵ뿴Сʲô˼һδһΣһֱΪֹ
ͻȻָգжʱһůֲСӱԵߵҲҲһô
ֻŸղŴˣҲûüӷţûлصóֻһֻһţǿӷģȲĴһֻдСŸ硭ҵˣǵҡ


121 
һСʱ֮ǰģʱñǶСͬûŵʾظŵģڻѾ˯ˣ´Ϣžûлء
һ뵽Цݣɢĺŵζ̵ģĻЩ˯ž
ѵǱͻİͷԣ
ȶһ˴ϣϴϵзһ죬һϵƣͣһ´ôˣҵ廹ЩƣģټӲûȫָ
һ֮󣬶ʱ࣬Ҳ֪ʱȥ˶ãԺ˯ˡ
ǲҽ磬ͻȻ䱻ǿֻǹĿˡ
Ժ￴ȥʲôͿֵԺﲻͣػζžԺﴫһӵĽŲ
һһ¾ͷ𣬴Ӵһ뵽߽Сˣ⶯治һĿ졣
һҧһﰵ뵽ǴᣬСүǵƣǻҵ󣬿ôʰǡ
߬ȭͷſڣ㶯ֿţŷˡॡһֱӱ˸߿ˡ
ƴҪһȭͷӳȥʱ־ͣ˰֮УΪ߲һˣǱӸǣǴžĹԱ
ʱӺ͸ǿҲˣ·˳ʵզˡզˡ
ǵǿſڶ߰˸žľʱ򣬶ʱҲɵˡ
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ҷԱסҵĸ첲Ҿߡ
ǿҪֱ棬һ˶ҲǷֱĻᡣ
ͱӸİҿ϶ҪģվǰĿ񾯲죬ҿɲҸǶ֣񾯲찮ɶ¶һ˾ˣ˵֮ǿ϶ͻҳ
£һһ߸ǿ˵Ǳģȶ֣Һܿͳġӣ¶Ҽ˵ʡ˵ġ
˵Уұ˼˳һ
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ʱ˸ǿ˵Ļүͨ죬ڰͨԣƿ϶Ҳʶˣ᲻Ҫңűľ
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ҲǶ飬ߵ˵˵ҲὫôҲǾ顣
һ룬ҾİˣڳϻԺһ
ʻ˰СʱңҾͱһСɳ˳󱻴һС¥Ǳؽһӡ
ԼҲûңԼ˰Сʱ֮󣬲һԱĸ˵ȴ㷴˼һ£һٴ¼ڹ
ҵ˵ͷҲû˵ǾԱߡ
ܿ죬ǾԱͽҴһηСſڣҲʱѺɷĵطǾԱţ˽ȥ˵ţһ㡣
˵꣬ǾԱ͹ţϻأܣǺι壬ɶҶ׽ˣǲȰҴ򿪣
ȻǾԱңֱˡ
벻򿪾Ͳɣ˵һҪ¼ڹô
תͷԼʮƽСﲢֻһˣ߰˸׳һͬҹѺһ
תͷǵʱҲڲĿҡ
һͷ󺺣Ǵļһһ߿ŽѾһ߸˵ģʲô¶ģ
һһͲˣԾµģ±˵ûɶ¶Ǵܣλ࣬ԺӦ
һŴ
ƨɸǹͷһȾŻëļһģôĶأү̽㣡


122 
ѽžƽʱһνֵطȻʲôģ治֪ʲôأ£Ҳ£ֻǿͿ˵λ磬أȷʵǳզأǵĹأҲҵĹأҽܹ棬Ե֣ͺģ˭Ҳ˭Һƽദͬȹõļ죬Ժȥ˵ѣ˺˭ÿ
Щдգ˼Ǵܴʹܴ˭Ҳ˭үǺ۸ģǼ˸Ƿ϶ûǺùӳԡ
ȻЩȻûãǻëͼˣֵ˵Ļͦ񣬴ţȺģҪǲ缸ȥѵ
˵ţǻë߾ˣ߼סңʱһûжҵ׿ʲô
ұǸסˣһֱŽѾӵĹͷ󺺴ЬӣǿѾӵַڱţӣȤζ޷⡣
ǹͷ׳һȺĳ˹
ͣٺٵЦһ˵ɣ
һ㶣ʲôҲûлӦֻƽĿ
ٴκٺһЦ¶һڴյ˵ֵܣ֪ҪָĺǮƣ֣Сӽ԰ɡ
һЦ˵˸ģ
Сӻͦ˵˵Сӵ˭ãƫƫ޴үҲСӿģⲻ𡭡
һڵŭȼӹǱСˣĸƨһǰŸշߣž취ԸңڵĲ׵ģҪҴңǻ㾡սթСүһŹ
˵ղŽҴ棬ΪʲôҴ϶ҲиĹΪҵ˫סҾûл֮ȻһȺ󺺸
ĺܺãƻҲͦȫ֪ʵǸߣͨ˲һ
ǹͷ󺺻ϲͣ˵ţµҷʱҴһ˸סˣҾϵ⣬ǵޣʱʰң϶ûз֣ϵıԽԽ䣬ڳЦ
ǹͷ󺺸һˣô࣬˼ҵǮܲ¶ְɣǡ
еǸǡһڣͶˣ͵һȻص£ò˿ס˵Ľϣʹõϴеǧ׹ı죬ʱӱԭ˲ʮҸоҵĽźʵʵĲǽϣ˹ͷ졣
ŭˣû뵽ְ취ԸңȻҾԶǳ۸ζ
Ĳҽڵأ˫סԼĽӷʹİ
ǰǹͷ׳Ӧֱ֮õԴ׳Ĺͷײ˹ȥҧײģֻáۡһ죬ǹͷ׳ͷһƺߣ˳ȥҷһţݺݵǹͷ׳ؿϣһػӵ˳ȥҷǺĺüˣŽż⣬첽Уصĵڣһβұһ̩ɽѹһ߷һһֱýź˹ȥ
ֻȻסˣ˫һһ·ֱײҴͷβʱ߰˸ȫ˵ϣĸιȥˣ⼸Ҳû˻֮
ߵ˵ڵϵĹͷ׳ߣһţֱӽߵշֱײǽϣֻ
ҿ첽˹ȥһֻŲϣʵ˵ɣǶǮǽң
Ǻͷ׳йԴײѪݺݵĵһۣһȷǲ˵
ҲЦһŵһȫһָϣôһѹ˹ͷѵ죬ͷ̲סˣɫͨ죬һҽС
Ҽ˵һţڵϣһ죬³һѪĭӣŴ
һҪֵʱСѾ˫֣ĵˡˡʲô˵
˵ɣҪǸ˵һٻҾʹŭ˵
ǹͷ׳ͷһֻסֻҲõ֣˵ǡĻġڣǰôû˵


123 Ů˵³
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񣬶ʱŵĴһ£˵Ÿ硭ү¶ܹҰҲǷ¶˵Ҹԩ޳ģҲƽ޹ʵľ鷳ǡ
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һʱ򵨱޲ýСʬΣ֪ҾͲӦô׵ķŹֱǷŻɽˡ
ţʵôԸģǲֱӽҸɱˣ
ԥһ£¶ɫŲ˵
۾һɣɱȻʱһ£æ˵ûɱ㣬˵ǽѵһ٣ˣ˵޴ŮˣǷĵһӶŮˡ˵˵Ǹ޴Ů˵³
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һҽУڵϣ˫Դɪɪ
ڴʱŵű۵ˣһԱͷ˵ô¶˻ʵôţ
Żһ챻ˣǸԱһ˽ʱ
غ˵µˣ֮⣬ȫ˵ϡ
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ҳһЦǰһղžҴģһûнҵ򿪣϶Ҳв룬ȻĺǮҪηｫҸˡ
ҳȥʱͻˣ촽⡭⡭ʲô㿴ʲôطҰܹҰġ
ҺٺЦһһƽһֱƵǽǴҵ϶ˣȶʼˡ
ﾯ١﷢ѵһ֪ΪʲôȴˣŹǲǹʬģҧȴЦ
ҽڵĵƹ⣬ľƣдš֡
˵˵ʲôҡҸղžȥһ˲֮˴Թ֪ʲôʲôҲ֪Ʊ
㲻֪㺦ʲôʵ
˭ˡĸˡ
˵ţȴͻȻŵһƺߣʱסԴȻҲڴǴԴϾ˼ͷ
Դһ֮󣬲ŽַҲûж֣ɫѾҰˣȻȴָﾯ١ղŲ˵һȥ¼ڹǲھ͸ˣ
԰ҹǴȥ¼ڹġҵһڣһ߳䷿ӣܵıӶ졣
˳ȥڳ֮һͷ濴һۣѾкüҴſµǿҵ֮󣬶ʱԴתһߣҸҶӣһִɢη壬Ҫľָо
ܿ죬ﾯپͽҴһѶңһϣ˵ҵš
ͳӡ
˴Լ֮󣬾ͽλԱҵĶ档
мһ꾯٣ҿһľƣǰ˼֣һһˣд棻һ
ҵĶ棬һȻ
ұдż֣̹״ӿܴϡ
꾯ǰɿһʵʲô֣סʲôط


124 ү
סڶر߸ڴ塭ʵĻش
򾯹ٵ˵ͷһֽдд˵ţ̬Ȳ֪㷸ʲô𣿡
֪ұһȺƦåһСЩƦåԼжʮˣֳУѰ϶£ҵʱԱȺƦå
žһ죬صһӣ͵һվָҵ˵㲻ҪʵﲻҰĵطʱҽӵȺھٱ˵㻹ͬС˳еŹΰŴ˽ץ˻һҪ˵Ҫؾᣬ㲻Ǳˣôܻ鷳ôȥˣƫƫأ
ҺǺһЦʵ㵽ǽӵ˭ľٱһˣΪʲôͬ㲻ȥץǣץһˣУЩҵһûץǽܺ߸ץô¶
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Ҫͬ־˵ǰתͷһȻ˵
ȻǰĿ϶Ǹ쵼»ǹĪģҶкøУһֵεˡ
Ϩŭһƨɾȥ飬Ҫҽȫеֲɵӣ϶Ȧס
ǰ˵Ϸϸϸĸ˵һ飬ģǾԲŹκһˣҲԩκһˣ¹ԭ⡣
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һеʱǰɫʮ֪һЩʲôתͷһۣԵЩţԴ̧
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ҵ˵ͷϣҾ͸ǰдһ˵ĵ绰롣
绰ļȲģҲҰֵģүүġ
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ҽĿһԭǼ䣬ҽȥֱ֮ˡ
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Щ˵УǸͷҴһЩ֮⣬˶ûôˣֻǼзִġ
վſڣЩɨһۣǵԴȫȥҿҡ
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ԥţƺٴһֱҹҵ۾һɣžС˹ҵߣһ˵©үʲôԸ˵ǡ
ҵ˵ͷ漴ʵ˵˵Ǹסʲôط
۾һɣƺ³ʲôˣɫʱľүҪɶͦġȻֶûǱĺá
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ŴҵĶߣ˵һַ
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125 й
̧ͷң˸ղŰ飬ɫʱͰˣԥ˺һ¶˾ĵ˵Уү¶Ҹ㣬Ǹղɱ˵¶Ҹġ
û⣬˵ɷġ
أҲǸˣһС쵼Сӽոմѧҵû¶ɣͱСطʵϰ㲻һ˾ľ죬СӴСҲǸӸƢǣҪĹϵͱ˴֪ٻˣϵĴѧҲһҰѧСʶһϹ׶԰أܹԸүҲһְŵġ
ˣҴһۿСӵʱ򣬾;ü˳ۣңŸһġ
Ҳɫĵ˵ͷʵС֪֪ʲôʱ򣿡
һ㶣û׹ζүʲôѵգոոչȥûء
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126 ҽԺ
ǰʮֿһֱ͵˴ſڣҵļ˵ͬ־ҵǸ绰Ѿˡ
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΢΢һЦЦĺأ˵㶼֪ҼүӲˣҾͲ˰ɣЩ黹֪ĺá
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һصӣֻѾܿˣһֻϾʾ˺üţһģСŸ硭ģôӵ绰
ڶҲģСŸ硭ǲǳˣżǵøһظ绰
͵Ҳģݲһ
Ķţǿһ˿⣬ұظ绰뻹ˣҵЩʧأҵŵҲκβõһ棬Ҫȥǻİѩ
һǸ˸ţܼ̣ӣҺܺãЩҪ֮ϵ㣡
Ȼֿһţһİĵ绰뷢ģдӣڳҽԺ
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ҽԺָ֮İ绰˹ȥ˲ĵַ¥
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Ҳһһᣬ


127 ҵĹ
Ⱳӣ̵ľҵ˺Ϊܵκ˺ҵĵߣҲҵۣ˭ܴ˭˾ҪΪ˸ۡ
һ̣˵Լʲô飬ֻйʱ˿̵ʹ
תͷȥ۽ǵۣŸǿ˹ȥ
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ʵұߵʱ򣬾һֱһ飬ΪʲôʱЩֻߣӺ͸ǿһߣϾҲǼ顣
ڣҲףǵɽƣ֮Ӻ͸ǿͱŻŪ㾳ء
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ǿ¶һǿЦݣҿϸߣһЦ϶ۣȴû¶СŸ磬ⶼСˣ¾ͺˣġ
תͷӣ˵ӣҶԲס㡭
ҲٺһЦ˵СŸ硭ûɶǳƽˣʵͷ¶ҾһֱÿǷǼǺ㣬ǱҺһҪϷƷ裬֮Ҳô飬ٴһһ顭
һؿںƣµĻţҲʮֳء
ĬһǿСŸ磬ôͳˣûΪɣ
ҡҡͷʾûУʵ棬ҲһͶӾˣ¶Ҳǡ
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ҵ˵ͷ󲹳һ䣺ǿӣҵĹˡ
ǿ˵ͷû˵
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ǿ֪ʲô˼ȴˣСһ𳤴˽ҵģһסҵ·һ˵СŸ磬˵һЦҾ;ûף֪Ҫ¡
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˵ţתͳȥ˻˵ʲôȫûֱͳţҽԺȥ
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ǳеȴ⣬ôĿҵֵί
ǿĶǰǲģҵѪҺλүѪŲ־ͼ͵Ʒ
ЩΪǾͻӵţվҪһɫ
СǼ飬ҵǳ֪࣬ʲôʲôڵ֪Щ嶯Ǽϣò
ڽȺƬ̣ԼиʮӵʱҵĿˣ§ŨױĨŮ˳ҵ֮УϰһɴǸǿ̸ִµģҾһҲǺš
Ը˾ҪҪ׶Ż᳤ԡ


128 
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ŭ˲ȼ
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ŮǰŸսȥ͸ȥһҹܻĴš
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ĵطҲ˳㿪۽硣
һҹܻĴţһݻľϧŮŶͬһ㣬װҲʮֿͷŵһյˮƣҲǼֵƣĻҾȻһ޴ֵĸоҪ￪ʼأµĶˣЩ²ȥ֡
Сӿ϶ʮǮģôһҹܻᶼģ֪»ʲôҵ
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ͣƬ̣׷ȥ͵ߵ϶¥Ǹ¥ݴͻȻһĸоܾñĶҡ
ΪһߣΧųı仯׾ܹȻҵΪǸͨȣȴ֮
æתͷȥˣûʲôܸоǳȥ˱ȽĶࡣ
Ҳûж룬һҲˣæٵĳŶ¥ȥ
ãļʱ˶¥֮󣬿һӰŮһһӡ
СӿЩＱԵʣȻŶûйء
βȥǴһ죬һ˽ȥ
߽ȥ֮ͻȻ͸о˹Ź֣ģûƣʲôСǰ˼ͻȻһ춯ͻȻ͹ˣţһХʲôҵ
Դһӣһֱ񾭣ϸΧĞų䶯ԵǸҹʱҶʱͷӦ˹ƾֱһȻɳȥһţоʲô˵ϣƺһ˳ȥ
ҷӦͻȻƹ͵һʱһƬɷס
ҵ۾ЩӦͻǿ⣬æ۾ʱͻȻһХ֮üϸ
벻ãˣ»ƾĞųӦʶĶӱϮĶ
ҵĽŲͣıãһ֮ƶ˺üطûȫȥе͵Ϯ󱳲֪ʲôݺݵһ£ҵӾǰ˵ȥ˵֮ϡ
һֻžͲȵ˵ĺϣһѩĴ󿳵ҵĲϡ
Ҿ֪ôң켣ô꣬ҪûеֶΣôͱ˸üˣӻԵëͷСӵϣ
̧ͷȥһŰ칫ĺ棬ӵұһڴҵεĴЦ
ߵĲŨױĨŮˣмŰӣǼ׳ϲף۾̫Ѩ߸߹𣬿ӲߣÿһӣżΪǿҹ
ǼŰӵ׳֮⣬Ҳվʮˣÿ˶ǻŸֹܻſĿڵſŵҡ
Ӧϵģұ֮ڿûб찲ŽȥŪУܿ챻˳϶סģΪһߡ
ǰŸմӿѾ֪ͨ졣
ԣ׼ҲϵһǣһɵɵĽǵȦס
ֲ¥´оòĿⶢңҸʱ򣬹ƾͱǷˡ


129 ǽ
ԣˡ
ӦԴһǿĴţһֱ˶ţȥ˸ǿﻹȥҽԺҲ֪
ԣľͰ֣ȺҵĴݹ١
Ϊãʵֺγǡ
ȣǲϽǸ¶֪Сӡ
һ˲䣬ҾЩ飬ҲûоԼ޴ֻ֪ǾǸСӣȷɺޣұҪúõһ
˿̱õڲϣҲֻ۾ƽĿЩεСΪұˣһ˫޼ɵŨױĨŮĦţţżˡ
Ҳػһϵķһͱ˵СӵӻǹʵģҲϳֵĴ㱪үʲôˣ͸ҵ˵˵СӾǳ˼ӣĿŵһ˵ҹܻΪСתҵĳҰɱ߽߳զأ
һ£һЦŵʵأ޴¶û꣡ӰųǴˣ㲻ҹ޴Ҳ鷳Ůˣ޴οŭˣô׵ûһƣСϻҴ϶Ū㲻ɣСҵϣǾͻɣ˵զ죬үǽˣ鷳ҲĳȥҪȻүϳǾûˡ˵ɡǷ첲Ǵأ
Ҹɿһ˵үǽˣ¶ͺðˣֵܣڻҽԺأҽҩѸңٽĸֵһģ¶ǾǳƽˣԺҲ鷳㿴¶զ
˻һڣˣǿ񾭲һڿңͻȻ͹ЦһЦе˶ЦһЦ
ЦãᶼЦ˳ָҵСӿ涺ղűүû˵һ
˵ˣ㿴ô
δ䣬ͻȻָһ¼ס˼ҲϵĵУԱһȻһԾ𣬽Աߵһ߷˳ȥҷ˺üˡ
ţȺ˷Ӧһͳſڳ˹ȥڼ䣬·ϻм·ģһȭһȫŷڵأһͳ֮£ӾһŵڵһȽŵľײ˹ȥ
һ̣ҼȫˣȫԼõȻײȳضʵľžͱײ˳ȥ
űײ֮һǰأͳһ¥ķ񱼶ȥ
ߴһŭץסСӣˣ
ܣ
ⲻķԴ֮Ҿʹ㽫ҹܻ췭ظȮҪط˸ǿļһ
һϡﻩһȺ˾׷ûܵһ¥һ¥ĴʱҲӭһȺˣȫżһҶ¥м䡣
ͨ˶˵ʵһûеõүүڸҵǱϴ֮ǰһ˴߰˸Ҳ⣬ΪһأЩȭŹ򣬶ȭŹҲүģȭŹҴĵӣټϴϵڼҹ߶ҷӵ˼¡
һʱ֮Ҿͷ֣ͨ˵ƶ켣ȫȫעʱͻȻͱĻ˺ö࣬ǵͼҲܹ׼
һѴ󿳵ʱһѾץסӣһؿڣ˵˳ȥٴҵһƬˡ
һУҲϴѧģǱϼصŹƣƷﵽµʱһǧصʯ壬ı붼룬о̫ټҲֻгڣֻѧһƤëǱϿںڽҲĸĽһЩɽţļУһƳȥǰǸ˵ûô˵һȺȷʵҵĺˡ
һѶһѿֱӲŵЩ˵壬ŲӯĿƶһ̨֮ϡ
̧ͷһͷǼ۸񲻷ƵˮƣţⶫӦòˣɡ
ţһ¾ͽеĴ󿳵˳ȥǿÿҵƵϣ俳ϣǾ޴ˮƵ˵ϣˤķ۷飬һ죬صӣһ̣սʽ졣


130 һҪŪ
֮ҪȫҪҶʮֿܹֽţطкܶණܹ㣬ڸղŵǼӣʮ
ˮƵĵ䣬һȺ˾Χվڰ̨֮ϣһ޴ľƼܣ˸ֺƣⶫûôȹֵͦǮģҪ˰ɣ
ͷһ˳ֽоͳƿƣӿȺȥ
ͷʱҼүͭǮЩǵʱʮ׼ͷһֱүүѧֶţûлᣬϴмأүүǽͭǮʲôֶΣֻ轫ע˫֮䣬߶ɽͭǮӵһá
ŵǺƿɱͭǮˣô࣬ǺҶҲܹҵˡ
£Ǿƹϰĺһƿһƿľͱ׷˳ȥÿһƿǵ鷢һƿѵ죬ǰ߰˸˶ɵ˵ϣˡ
ⶪƿҲðպȲܽ˴ˣĴǺ޻֮
ڿǷᣬҪġ
ǾƹϵľƿԽԽ٣ŵҲԽԽࡣ
Щ˭ֻҪðͷȻϾҪײһƿһҵĶᣬڵϰֹ
ЩҲ뵽һЩ취ԸңֱӼԱߵһӣϣ߳˹
ҲǹͷβѾӻ¶棬Ҷƿˣ׼ͷҲû˭ˣѾ¶һҵĹ۲ɡ
һˣӵĹ⾰ͱúƿһ롣
תͷȥҺƿʱ򣬷ֺƿҶˡ
ˣҪˡ
һӰ̨ӵϼһʼŶ¥ķɱȥ
һ·ֱе趯·׷ɣÿһȥᵹһˣɱ¥ʱ¥ﰧһƬҽвֹûһվ
ǣ֪ûнŸոտʼ
һٴ˶¥Ǹ
һž޴İ칫棬ʱѾûЦ⣬һƬɭ
һѩѣĿҳһһ߹ȥ
߰׵ĵطͣ
еѩѺݺݵָָңһһ˵ҾˣһҪŪ㣡
Ǹղ˵ǸҽҩѣҴһ٣¶ˣ㿴ɺãҳЦ
ôܴ𣿱үרŸ˼֣ϴȭģרӣҪܰǴſ£үˣҴ򣡡
һ£ʱ߰˸ΧȦм䡣
תͷǼһۣղ˲ӡ
˵ЩЩ˼һݵʱ򣬾͹עǣһһӣǼŰӵģϲŰײ׳һĿ¶׹⣬ɱȻνȭģЩ˶ʵսģԲСЩ֮⣬˲ò˵һȥиʮˣźһɫɫΪƽĶң˵۾ʮұֵ˳ڣôˣһӣǻһ˿Ц⡣
һˣǸӣ˵ҲиٽأŸƵģվ̫ۣһֱɳ˶ɳȻһ壬У˷ͷﻹһռУҳԴû̧һۡ
߰˸ȭΧһһݵ˲û
֪гأǲҷΪɵľͿԽ¡
ףΧߵ߰˸׳Ͷˣһȴźķͳ˹
Ҳûзеӭ˵ȴ˹ȥǽһ࣬ŸֶֹܵһɼǸʲôˡ
һҽУһ˱㵹˵ϣȭӣȭźķڶֶ֪Ҳһ·ãҲֻ˵ͨˣЩûеõǱϴ֮ǰһվܹ֮ڽҴſ£ڵ̥ǣȣѾ֮ǰǸˡ
ǵһҵжǱЩͨ˿һЩҲֻǿôһЩ
һ߸ͨ˴Ҳ۸ˣ߰˸νȭģֻӣҾͽս
ٴκ˵صڰ
Щ˻ǱЩǿһЩЩ֮һԸоЩƣеĸֹܾͳٴȥ


131 
ҸǰʱǴŲɫ˵ҵǰһл̬һߣƺתʶһŲͣ
ĪǰҲһߣ
һ뵽ҲЩη壬ֻǸŵߣȻѧүĹⱾȻǷյȴٷ֮һǰһߵĻĪ˵˼ʮ꣬꣬ҿ϶ҲǶ֡
˺ǺͰҵǰҲͣ
˸׵ľ롣
˳һ˫ֱȭΪͨĽڣʮ˵ͣڵӣλСֲֵܳЩҷ緶֪ʦɽѧֶΣ
˼ȻеĲǵŵľͷһ룬֤һ޵ģڵǺźɣȴû˵û˵ڣҲû˵
Ȼ˼Ҹۿ̵Ҳûѧүү˵ӣһ˵ɣֻǿҴһЩֶ߽é®ϸЦˣҲǲǷ֮ˣôҲСΪЩ캦飬ѵͲ½˳Ц𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵У֮£ҲȲѣл˵¸У
˵գͱ˼ƣһ֮䣬ҷôơ
£񣬽еһԣ˱¶ݣһƽ޴Ҳռıˡ
һʽעȫȷѣһȭͳ͵Ŵ˹ȥ
վɣΡȻҵȭͷŵʱһֻ֣ʮ׼ȷץסҵӣҵһһקֱӾͷ˳ȥһǽײ˹ȥ
ӺһֻžǽϣһշأתȦһ߱Ⱦͳ͵Դٴ˹ȥ
ΪΣյĹͷһ㿪һȻһƳҵؿ˹
δƷؿڵ·ĵһӿٵһһƾʹؿϷ˹ȥ
ָıķһֱֱĳؿѹ
һΣ޴ɶˣʵʵһƣԭվţͱһĵһƨɶ˵ϡ
Ͳûг֮Σһ΢΢Ц
һͦҲһüͷڣȫԶ϶˲ǸߣǸģֹʮֽӽУܻǲһЩŵǴ˵ĶļѾﵽһľ磬κιﵽһֵزһЩϵֶΣ⧲
һƵǺأĵһƣܿͻ˹ҾСӺûʹȫ϶˺֡
Ҳòڵĸ֣ٻƵţڵȫͣ˷⻺ڼ
ѧĿǰҲֻ֮һůȫʱһƣ;˹ȥ
һΣǾͻվһһ˫˹ȥ쵽ŵʱͻȻ˫ƣӲסһơ
ƾ˵éɽĿҾѧųʮֻʵ࣬ӿ֮߶ʮǿ
Ʒܻһּ˾úɱһƾŻ֪Ǭ
͵Ҷƴһʱ͵һ˫۾͵ԲˣƺЩ˼飬ȻӾ͵˳ȥֱԶǽϣۡһ졣
ͷһƺߣվǽһûжɫ֮ٴǰһ֣˵ĳˡɽˮֵܣϣ´λĸУǣ
˵գٴһ֣ſڴ󲽶ȥߵſڵʱƺ΢΢һվ֮󣬲һʧҵǰ
ƵҲǵһ̣һڵĸֻҶƴһƾˣʲô
үƷ̫ΪͻͽԼĿ࿴ĵز
Сӹң
ĿʧſڣתͷٿʱСҲɵˣͻȻվſڴ󺰵߰ô찡


132 Ķ
;ƮƮȻˣʣҺŶԣŨױĨŮˡ
һתܿͿɳϻһصӣһʱ죬ཱུģ쿴۾ˣղҺ͹еʱڿһռĹһֻռ¶ˡ
ˣͻȻվһػζĽǿļӶһԣһʱ쳯
ҿӵʱҲ֪Լʲô飬оЩأղҹУҲһͰϣͻУһֱɳȱǲѵһصľ֣
һӦҲȥɣ
һĹ˼ת۾һֱӴתͣƶôһѹҲܲ˰
ӲûгǳȥߵǾ޴İ칫ǰǷʺ촽һţԹص˵ְ֡㲻˵ôһ㶼棬һȺһ˶򲻹һؼˡ
εĵ˵ͷֵֻ̿Ŀҡ
ӻζһʱ쳯˹ʶĺһڿ˼Ҫ򣬵Ӳûжֵ˼ҺһЦ˵塭㲻ҰɡҲʮ꣬㲻۸Сˣټ
˵ţӴƨһŤһŤľʹһš
ҿʲôǺĶô
ˣһΪһ˲ĸأԭĴֶӣһ亹ŵġ
֮ҵϣֲ˲ϱų亹ٺЦ磬ôţǲǸúúˡ
˵ţҾͳ˹ȥ
ϵļ΢΢ŭɶͻȻ쵽棬һͳһָҡ
ҿŵĶʱŵľһ飬үģȻǹ
ͣ˽ŲϵЦĵЦһֺõ˵硭ⲻ·ưôһ˽ǹ֧Ƿģ꣬ǽǽˣҪǹġ
ӸɵľǷӪôϻϽӹ£ҪȻӱ㣡һ´Ӱ칫վ˻еǹɱ¶
һ·ʮֿſôˣ󷴱һǹΪסˡ
ҲҿǹңӱƼҲǻҧ˵ģǲ͸ҿǹ
£Ҿ֣ĸ˵硭ǲģСˣǹ߻һңҲװӵģŪûǹӡ
߸ʱ䣬һ߻Ű취ôԸǹҿ϶Ӳ壬Ҳô뿪ˣʹˣԺ˵Ը죬ǰҲ̧ͷ
Ӻ͸ǿҽԺأҽҩôŪ
ҲߣҪһ
˼ǹҸôأ
ٵķӦţͻȻһ뵽סСȣǰ飬֮е㣬ټҲʬˣʮһֱҵţ¶档
һʱ䣬ָĺܿ죬֮еҲ̲˲٣޷˶֣ŻŻӦûɶİɣ
뵽һ߸˵˵ҳƤʱ䣬һ߿ʼ֮еСȹͨ˵С̣æɣٲҾҪˣ϶Ҳˡ
֮ͻȻһȣһɱϢǾƮ˳Ʈ˹ȥ
ѾͷˣƯŨױĨŮСѾͷʵɰƯģȴЩɲ֮ǰģϻҰ׻Ұ׵ģСͷҲ˳ѪۿʣҿһۣԼҲЩ¡
㣬СѾͷҵƤգһ۾
Сȳ֮ʱ˼֣ϾһĲĳ֣ܻ
ҳСȺٺһЦ
ʱסˣҵôЦʲôЦӹ£ҿ治ˣ
˵ţһ´˱գٴζݺݵ˵£үͷұ֤㣡
ҳٺһЦ˵磬ǲʲô캦飬鷳㿴󡭡
һ֣Цһ˵ôңЩǱүʣµģתͷʱ͵Ϯңûţ


133 С
ţŨױĨŮȴ׷תͷһۣһۿȥǻ˵ãһҰ׻Ұ׵СŴƮǵ۽ǴѪۣͷϳؼƮڰУⲻǹɶ
ڿС֮ŨױĨŮһ춯صĲҽУŤˣ飬ҵĶĤҲ죬Ů˵ıǲС
йһŮ˵Ż裬һҲ̱ڵء
ɵòˣһ߾ǹָңһ߿ٵĻͷȥ
ʱСͻȻһֱƮź棬һתͷ͸ȵһɲǣǱǾʼˣҶ޷κݡ

һ춯صĲҽУŵһǰǹϣ˲һг˼뷭ܡ
ҿ첽˹ȥһѾ;סӣӾ޴İ칫
Ƿֵص˵ϣڵϹȦٵ𣬻Ҫӣһϣͨһٴιڵء
һ̣ٴλڲϿĸǿӣһ¾ͳţߵ˹ڵϵߣһȭʹϣһ£ʹһѪɳ˼Ŵ
һȭүģһŲĺϣŭɶ
ʱţεѣǲͣѪʵµĲңҴһȭ֮ȻãȻĹˣѰСȵټȵѾɣѾ˳ҵ
ȣȴɱףʱŷӦһڵϳͷĵүҸˡԺҲˣ̧֣һΡԺٸҵ㣬Բú
һЦƵһֻ͵һ¾ͲĽϣֻáǲһѵ죬ĽֱӱҲȶˡ
һɱĺУ۵Ĳιȥ˫ֱŽŲӣ۵亹ֱðڷ
һǸֵܸǿģٴζݺݵ˵
ˣһֱ䣬ǵѪڵϣޱȿһ߿һ߼ĵүҵүүҰɡֵҴģⶼҵĲԣҽҩ⡭˫磬Ϲ˹ۣ˼ҡҴˡ
ҺٺһЦһץסһֻ֣һƾȥֻ첲ʱһĻȣֶˡ
һ¸ֵӵġٴ˵
Ҳܲס۵еûˣֱһۣͻ˹ȥ
Ҳ׵ķŹǵ黹û˵ָ꣬סУӣһֻ˹
ǵ۾һվߣŵĲҪΣӦóһӵجΡ
ҹȥһӾȥ־ࡣ
һ죬³һѪĭӣֱȫ˵ϣһ߿һߵүүͣɡ˵¶ô죬һˡ
ð˵ġҵͷ˵
šɶУٶˡˣڶˣҪ֪үЩֶΣԼԼҵ
ǺãֵڻҽԺأ˵զ죿
⣬˫ݵҽҩѡķݡķݣ
ֵܸǿļҺˡ
ʮȫµġɲɣæӿڵ
ҹž͸ǿǸƼңֵǮҲһʮһĴͷʵˣȫҵӦҲǮʮ㹻ˡ
ǣҵ˵ͷֵֵܼ˺öĴǹҲˣ˭֣
⡭⡭ⲻҸɵģֵһֵܴģ⹷Ҳ⣬һôֲᡭвУÿ۹⿴ң۵ϡ
׻˵һһڣֵܸǿԼһڼң͸⹷һӣǹ϶ɣ¶ֱӹȥɶɶвУ
У˵ɶУ
ĥŻɶҪ˵ģͻȻһ飬ҺʱһгҵӶˣ¶˵˵СѵһгҲˡ
˵˿ڴҲ֪ҪɶѵڴﻹǹǱƼҪɱôҾ;


134 Թ˽
֪ʱﾹȻóһѳԿףݸң˵ҵĳԿף˲꣬󱼡һ㿴вУµ㡭
ҿҲ̫ˣĶгȻһ󱼣¶Ҫ֪ˣַ˲ɣСôǮɵͶѵ⳵ðײá
סСС飬ֵԿԼֵȥҪҪˡ
ͷĸ˵֡
£һƨʼС˵˵ˣ磬㵱ֵֵܶʱûǽ³
ҡԴһ˹Ƶģһ۵죬һ߸˵үҪ֪˵Ҳң췢ģԺٸҶԾү;үôһĲ׺䡭
̬Ȳ֪ˣαصˣ֮ĶԹ˽ˣԺֻҪ㲻鷳ҲԲ㣬Ǿˮˮ㿴ô
⻰ڳһ֪ǿ޻Ц֮ʮѿ
վƨɣͳȥߵſڵʱһ飬תͷۿŵһ飬ݺݵһĭ
ҸԾ仰Һ֮û꣡˵仰ұﳤȥ
үߡ
ҹܻᣬһͷһۣ˵ģҹܻᱻһϡãҲҴˣǸֵǱˡ
ǹƬ̣ҵʧҲ˵Ϊʲô
֪ʲôʱҵľͺԸֶǲ̫һЩ
ǿӴǸӣҲ㲻̫֡
뵽зһ˿ů⣬뵽ʱðһˣ黹û꣬ҪԸ϶ô׵飬ϾҴҵ󣬾ִӿԱģĸԸң϶Ҳ׼˱ǿ϶ӹɵġ
ͻȻ䣬Ҿ룬ҪҪôˣԩԩ౨ʱˣֻҪԺңҾͲȥ鷳ˡ
ִˣԺ϶ճ
һͨͻȻ;ЩˣѰҸ̯ȳԵӣȥҽԺǿӡ
ûĵ绰ˣһ绰룬ʱͽΪ绰үӴġ
һԥҪҪӣүѵһ٣ֵͦڣӺֲô¶һǰ˽һ͵绰ʹүʮСŰˣ
ҺٺһЦ˵үӣ˵ﻰʲôС֡û¶µ𣿡
ҿСӾûͣʱ򣬴СҾֱԹ첻Ǵ˼Դ˼ҲģûһʡĵʱôţСӻ˽ȥ绰ҹȥˡүЩԹ˵
үүģзִ磬Ҳûɶ¶Ǵ˼ƦåǴܶŹ˽ȥûʲô¶ҿοүӵ
үӦһɫСŰû¶ϹƣҵûҲǣЩΥĹеֱɲܸĨڣҪȻүүôʰ㡭
ѽ֪үүľУҲ£ֻҪ˲ҵĻһص
үֵУƢҪô꣬දӣҪһȾ͸˼Ҷ֣çΪûУ
ˡҹɵػص
ˣүүæԺע㣬ǧˡ˵仰үӾ͹ҵ˵绰һ
ͬʱҲΪԼһѺүǲ֪﷢飬ҪȻΪɶ˵Ǽǹôң
һ£ӦòᣬҪ֪һҹܻ飬үʹӵˡ
֪УҵһС̯λһƨɾϰҪһ磬ţֻûзŽ绰óһġ
Ӧҹʮһ˰ɣô绰飬ҲǸæô
һ£һǽͨ˵绰˵ιӣû˯أ
šǱӦһ鲻̫ãһ£СʵСŸ硭ǲ鷳ˣ


135 
ʣͷһ϶ǵõʲôϢǱοҲûʲô鷳˼СåԸңҴˣԺûٴңҼأЩҪæˣȥòã
Ҳòѣ˵ĺܼ򵥣ϾһСЩĵĹ֪ˣ϶Ż˵ˣҲͽġ
šӦһЩɵ˵СŸ硭Ҵ绰ˡ
üͷһʵ绰˵ʲô
˵뿪㣬ҪȻ취Ը㣬ԶǰСŸ磬Щ£û¶ɣѾЩ΢΢ˡ
еŭһεıȼҵ鷳ҲͰˣȻȥвֱͲǸˣҵȭͷյĿ죬˿ҶĻһȭͷС
ûлػæʵСŸ硭ô˵
һƽϢһŭ𣬾ºͣ΢΢Цû¶ӣ㾡ܷģҲµģҲ˵˵Żһѣ˵ˣСŸôöԸô
šǱӦһ˵ǺðɣСŸ磬չ˺Լ飬ǵңҪôҽԺҪôڼʱҴ绰
õģܿʹˣŰɡ˵仰ͻȻֺٺһЦһ䣬ʵɶӣ⼸ûң
ҲŲءټ˵ţǱ߾͹ҵ˵绰
ҵʱһСҸ뵽绰ǱƯĿߺģǰĶˡ
˸绰ĹҵĴˣ׼ԣͻȻһƬӰҵǰȥģǸʲô
̧ͷһһСվǰһƲڴһɮۣһҪǵģСп겻󣬶ʮͷµӣվҵǰ棬۾ϵĻֱĭء
ҿСгҺǺһЦһ񣬿˵ӷ𡭡Сɮˡ
ҵʱסˣⶼʲôˣϾȻܿУҺܿ췴Ӧ˹áСʦԷûУҪһԵ
Сɮлλʩˡ˵ţСһƨɾҵĶ棬ȻҸߣǣлҵһѶ˹ȥ˵ڳǳǲҹάûԷһҲ̣תۼһ¶ˣ˸ɸɾͲû˳ˡ
㶵ĿУһﻹ治ҿҾôһ˵ˣôҪĺУ
Ǻг꣬ƺЩδٺٵĳɵЦ˵Сɮһ·ɽ̨ɽԵˣûƵʩ죬һˣСɮм
ҺǺһЦ˵һٷѣСʦԱûУҪȻһ룿
ʩˣҪȻ룬ʵǸмסˡǺмҪ˵
üһôθڣˣҲǼǵڵĺĲôôо˺᣿
ϾһˣҲǰʿɮּңܰͰһѣһֲֵǮ
£һָ֣ϰҪ磬ģһ롣
ǺжһǧлĹˣǺҲҿֱӽ綼ߣֿʼԴ
ǳ࣬ҶҶӣӣеĶӣֱﵹƵģǺֶߵ롣
һܹеĶǸ޵׶ô¶ǻԲһ룬æԼͳ
ȳ֮Ҳ뵽һ⣬ڵİгԵ˻ʵǲǸأ
ҿЦеСУʵСʦѵûԳʲô
ͦģζŵ˾͸ˡǺкٺЦ
ǡڵİɻ
֪ڵİó԰ǺãȻ
Ҳܳˣٴʵ
ӷ𡭡ν⴩з𣬳ʲôνʩ˵أСл΢ЦſңһĪģ
⻰Щ˼ҾȻԷѵСлһɮӿŲ񰡡
£ҡҡУᣬվͽǻǮˣתҪߣʱǺվһѾסҡ


136 
ҿһۣҪô
ǺȴٺЦλСʩĵһĺ˰ףͷ͵ٸСɮһסĵطɣЩһֱ¶ޣһûϴˡ
һ㶣˵Сʦץһ˴ﵽҪҪٸҸϴԡϴϴ裬Ħһ£
ԵĻСɮҲƳ١ҪĺЦе˵
ûа취ˣֻܺԺȰ˵Сʦҽ컹£ⷹģסĵطԼ취ɣ¶͸̧֣һɡ
˵ţұƿУ첽ŴϢĴ˹ȥ
žȥҽԺҸǿӵģһֻѾʮˣֱǵùеһʱ䣬뻹˰ɣ˯ˡҪصǿסһʲô˵
ʵһֱһ飬ǾСӣСҲǻ͸ˣǱΪ飬Ҫһʵڶ
ȥǿܽ¶ˡ
˼ֵһͷȥǲ֪ܳķУûӰʱͷ
пֵֹģܾЩŹ֣ǶԶһá
ǸðƵĺУһͷһοгڵĻġ
һ·Ÿô飬֪ͻص˸ǿļҵĴǳģԺһƬǽ壬ⷬ־ôһٻЩˡ
ֻҸߵԺſнŲ￩һ£תͷʱ򣬽žͿһżЦſڴ̽˹һСУҺٺһЦ˵СʩԭסﰡڷУôһƧĳǲڡ
˵ţǼĺһ߽Ժӡ
УҶĸоҲ޷ˣû˵һض˭ġˣô֪סģ
Сɮһ·ֻʩûзְˣҿʩҲûʲôȥɣСɮһɣСɮһ뿪֤Ƭ̡
˵ţǺо;ֱ˹ЦеĿң̶ͿһԺӣɫһ䣬ֵСʩǼôӡ
䵽ǹѵʱ򣬾͸Ӽˣһ·Сž˹ȥȥʱĴǹǰ˫ֺʮ˵˵ӷ𡭡ӷ𡭡ʵ̫ˣ˶ȻһҲŹ
ţҡͷ̾ϢţӸǿҵԺһǣͿʼԺӵһӺҪĴǹ
Сеⷬٶҵһ㲻ȥסһסһɣֲҼҡ
ܹ񹷣֤Ŀ϶ģһгΪֹЩ޷֮⣬˿ǲӡ
ǺԺæҴӸǿ׼һЩһľżַһŻֽó˴Դ޶ļͷǻֽˣǺ֮ҾͿʼ취Ը
СһæûûˣĿϴһӣֻѾӲĴǹ˽ȥȻϡ
룬Сæ˰ɣ
ƫƫûУţоͿʼǿʰԺӣЩʹõĶ£һһĨֲϴġ
ҿһֱæҹӣԼʼˣæꡣ
룬ܸ˯˰ɡ
ǻûУŪһˮɮۣˮԺϴ衣
ֵһ˵ǣбŴɮ۲ɽ¶ˮģɮһȻһ⣬̾Ϊֹ¹⣬ƺɶҲ
ΪһүǣһԺϴ裬Ҳ˼չȥһײ϶ǻޡ
ϴϴ˰СʱֿʼϴõɮۣɹԺ
еĶæˣĶѾ۾ˣſֱ
ǺȴĺܣߵߣٺЦСʩôȥ˯أ
ϣȥ˯ɡҵ
˯أ
ҵط˯УԸ˯ľ˯ġҰ˰֣˵
Ǻе˵ͷŰһͽŴȥӣס


137 
е룬һˣҲ԰ҵˡ
ҽ׼õЩ˳ߵԺһƫƧĽ·Ǻиֻǹķͷʱ򣬻࿴һۣ˵иɻһѺ֣⹷ķͷĺǸĵĺС
ߵǽ֮ҴñֽõľżóŻָֽͷŻֽдֻ֣ǿҵģԸʲôһԵĻ¶鷳ˣŪþǱ꣬ҿ϶Ĳ
СӶҴǸӣӦҲƭҡ
֮ҽŻֽľżԴϣóͷľżԴϲ˼Ȧľż˶İڷһʯͷϡ
ʯͷԱߣһ־ϴϹĿھԭʼո飻٣ۡҼ壻λ̨ǰ̫Ѳа
һٴ죬Ҳʮнʱ򣬻뽫ע֮УܹãۿﻹҪˣʱҼͻȻһһڶ˵ʲôأ
һʱؿڱƣɤһ𣬲һһѪ
һ۾һ;ܵţͻȻһֻ־ҵļϣֹˣֹҲͰˣۼһ޴йֱӷɵԼϣζˣҺΪǳ㣬ҪȻѪ϶ҪһҪԪˡ
оںһ
һͷһ˾ȻǷУղŲ˯ףһͲһ־һƣǷеؿ˹ȥ
ǷзӦҲѸ٣һΣżһ㣬Ʈɳȥףһ΢ЦĿҡ
еľٶҲɵһһߣΪͣ˵һ·ư˹գСľ裬оȻܻϢĸԭǸֻ֣־Ǹʲôأ
ԽԽǹŹ֣޶˵ľȻһУܿܲǴɣ˰ŵġ
ѵ찲ŹԸҵĸ֣
пܣ
һ뵽ҵĻͳ˫ƷҪǷдȥ
Ƿ֣˵ȶ֣˵ôʹɱɱģʲô鲻ܺú˵
˵үСӿ϶ǸٺУҵİɣŭŲɲͣ
Ǻӹͷһ޹˵СɮʩƼˮָ꣬ʹݺ֮˵϶Сɮˡ
ϻҪҵģΪʲôղʩʱͻȻִţ֮ⷴࣿŭ
֣֡лú˵ɻ˱¶ݣ˵Ǹʲô죬û˵ԩСɮˣСɮղ֮ԳǸܵΧĞųԳС͵
˵ҵĽŲͣһĿĲģ
Ǻ޹ҡҡͷ治ǣҸǲŵڶ죬ʶʲôģʶСʩˡ
Ҳһߣѵ㲻֪ʩ֮ʱ˴Żɷ𣿡ʵ
ǺЩ˼ҡҡͷ˵¶СɮȻ֪СɮղſʩʲôȴЩаСʩв壬޹ԲųִţҪ֡Ҫ֡
վ￴ЩĻ
ٴν͵Сɮ治ʲôģղҪ㣬ȫԳʩʱ͵Ϯ㣬аҲˣ˵Ҳǣ
ģʩ֮ʱȫעһһл϶εˣҪк֮ģӵϼһשһңҲҲҪзϡ
뵽ҵͻһЩʵеǸʲôģôôùһ񾭲
ǷкٺһЦ˫ֺʮһֵСɮģ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦ洫ӣ̨ɽĽӰˣһ·ɽˣ쳾ģ޷𷨣նˡްӷ𡭡
ͣͣͣǰţдţݸ壬̨ɽ۾ʦ洫ӣҪǻ۾ʦĵӣһֽéɽƽ̵洫أܲ˵ʵ㵽˭ҿСӿжǡû˵
Ƿҡҡͷε˵滰㲻ţƫƫҪСɮ˵ٻСɮʲô˵أ


138 Թ
ģž񾭲Ҳô˰֣˵ˣø㳶ƤϽȥ˯һҪ£ҿɸ㣬ٸҴңҿɸ㼱
ǺкٺһЦ˵СʩЩƵ飬СɮȻܣղЩ˵ĹСɮͲӲˣǲľżϱ˵аˣСɮɵӲô
ҵĻһ¾ˣжĻ治٣ؼǰ£̫ˡ۾˵жʲô֪Ϊʲô𣿻ղֻǹεǸ˸ɵģһǱסҽԺȶˣҪǳ仹𣿡
Ǻһ㶣˹ʵд£ɲҪƭң
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǧȷȻǸֱŪģǸѲ˸ϵҪε˾࣬һǸˡǶߣЩ˭ѧ֮ΪЩ캦飬ȻǴҲ谭ԣоͲҪˣʲô飬ıǣҲΪ֮ˡ
ⷬǺвźٺЦߵߣ˵ܹ˵ⷬҲǷ֮ˣСɮͲˣо仰СɮҪ˵ǰͷǿɱֳССһ͵ˡ
УģϽȥ˯ɣن춼ˣû˵
ղСɮðԭ£Ū費ҪæҪȻСɮһ𣿡Ǻֆµ
ãллϽ̡ǰʧҼͷ˵
ǳҪĺƫƫŲˣһҵļ˵СʩƼˮ꣬Ե֣ڻ֪ʲôأҶ˵̨ɽ۾ʦ洫ˣǲҲʲôأǽ
סر߸ڴ壬㻹ʲô֪ģˡ
Ǻе˵ͷֳҼЦЦһͷֵģһЦ׼֪û¶ֵܡɶСɮͷеܲܽҵǮãʱٻ㡭
ѽҪģûôҪģԲȻסңָҽǮôϱǷô
Ҫſ䣬һ벻ԣنһҪˣⷨҲˣǸϽ߰ɡ
Ҫ٣һ˵
١ûС̽ʵ
Ҷ˵ֱǮϴγŴǧ˸ǿ٣Է˲٣ʣ¾ͲһǧǮˣҪóٿǮߣͻȻͱˣæ˵Ҫٰɣ٣
ٴһסҪĳ嶯ٿǮһ˹ȥֵƨƨߵתߣһһߵлֵܣһ㡭
뻹ǮҿûָˣǮҾ͵ǴˮƯˡ
Ǻߵһ룬ͻȻתͷһ˵ֵܣ治Сɮæ
һͷһۣ۾ɱ˵ĻжѾɱ˰˰ٻˣҾͶ³һ֣
ǺдЦ˹ȥ·һģ滳ɣôԵУԳԼ̨ɽ۾ʦĵӣ¶û۾ʦ֪ˣԶǧҲ⸱ҪӣѾǰ޹˺ߵĵز
Ǻ߽ƽһ±Ǻĸ۵飬ٴ˵ϡ
Ƭ̣ҽʯͷϵľż°ٴΰϴļصķſʼ
һΣǺ˵ûдţ˳ǸղЩɣһҾһʮѵĸо֮е˺ܶࡣ
ڤڤ֮ȴܹоǳɹȥǸһЩеԹһԹ϶ǿɾڣǷ˺ˣôҲҪʮ²˴ܻҵͷ֮иǰᣬɲܽСŪҪȻɾʹˡ
˷֮ѾЩˣҽʯͷϵľżպãλƵĳȥ
ҸߵſڣǺеĴоܸˣ˯ĸһ
ҽҵŹϣԼݵɳϿʼ
ղȻǸСҲ˲ҪǺ;ţ˷֮࣬ûģҲڻƣ
ڵҲò񣬻ָһЩҪȻڵСȹҲסˡ


139 ټ
΢˫Ŀ֮еϢ澭ȫë΢΢ɣоһ˿˿˳ë׾ڣڵ֮У˷˼죬Ļָ˹
£Ҳоʱ䳤̣ٴ۾ʱ򣬷ѾֻͣӶͳһһѾʮһˡ
һȥҽԺǿأֻУֱӵʱ䡣
æܵԺˮ򵥵ϴˢһ飬ִӸǿұõı﷭һ㶫˶ӣ׼ȥҽԺ
һͻȻһ飬òﻹһڡ
Ǻסġ
һ뵽ұƿҵţտҲǺûӰԭҵһѾǺʰĸɸɾҲĸƵģ⻹һɾĺУ쿴ɮۣôؤû뵽һˡ
ҡҡͷԽԽͦ˼ͦбµģȴǣƷлпȦɵĵطͳֹʩ˵ϣǸֵýѣǺƤӣʵЩܲˡ
ˣкû򣬹ԺҲټˣٿǮҪңңڡ
ҡҡͷЦһţŸǿסǼҽԺȥ
ҲûжǮˣ·ֱ˹շתСʱ˸ǿסҽԺҽԺſЩˮȥ
ƿǲŵʱǳһӳ߰˸źװīĴվǵĲ֮С
ҾͿӺ͸ǿڸһϣ첲ϴʯ˵˵ЦЦӱжˡ
ȻҾͿӵİҲԱߣһ
ʲô
ڲſڣһʱЩãȻˡ
ҿ⼸´󺺵ʱ򣬻Ϊ˹ٴһٵأǿܺг˵Цģʲôìܡ
Ǽվĺ´󺺣ͻȻ;Щ죬
վڲſһһʱѣʱǼ˷ң͵һͦҾһʮȵĹүã
ŵһ㶣һʱסˡ
ʱǸϵתͷЦеĳ߿˹һĵ˵үˡ
Ҳ
СôסҽԺˣ
ҽĿǲᣬ˵ӦڲأȻιˣ湻ҵİ
ˮߵӺ͸ǿߣмĵطŵȫǸĲƷ϶ģЩˮ˼
Ҫ˵ӱȿڵСŸ磬ʱǰҺǿӲǱ˿ײ˼˾ĺðûܣҽԺǣ㿴һѶǶЩ˼ˡ
˵ţͣĳգ۾Ӷգˡ
ǿľƵˣƲЦСŸ磬ˣææչֵʵͲ˼չ˵ͦõģгкȣ㻤ϸܵ
ҿһ컹ͷɥ޵쿴ͱһģ˲үƵģǺ˰۵ļͷ
оԼվﶼЩ࣬ʱӵİͳ˹ҵļ˵СŰˣӳ˳ôҲ˵һ˶ͦżģҲӦţǵöлл㰡
ҶʱһֿЦõĸоƤЦⲻЦ˵ӦõġӦõġ
Ӱ˵˼лĻһһܹȥһҪ˵˵ǱӰ˵壬˰ɣڸǳ緹ĵˣҪȻҴǳȥԵ
⻰û˵꣬ӿڵԶԶԡǸóԷˡ
˵ţһתͷ˵ǿλ˼ҳȥԶٷȥõĹӣȫõϣûУ
˶ʱһ˷סһſڴȥǸȺͱˣλֲִҲֻøȥˡ
λ֮ҳһŲŵλ˵ʲôǣ
ӳҺٺһЦ˵ոҰˣÿܲ˵ǱİɣǾ˸ѣ˵ǳ˳˾ɱ˵©졭
ǿҲͷɵЦֹ
ιȾ綼ˣǮۿļһ


140 ˻ĥ
Ҳ͵ǰǰ¶ɲ˵©죬˺ԴϾү֮󰡣ԽԽþ˵ǰʲô¶˲˵˵ļңˣ簡԰ǴĵĳϿүǿүǸˡ
ȴ룬Ҫҹܻᣬһһ첲СŹǸȱ춼졣
Ҳûֳֻǳ΢΢һЦеԲס磬һû¶ɣ
زءһأҪǰ˾үǶٴڶ򲻹û¶ڴЪµľͲˡһĵ˵
һԴʲô飬ӶһԿףݸӣޱȳϿҵ˵үɶҲһô㣬ҵĳԿף˰Ĵ󱼣ҽԺſͣأ㿪ߣҪǲϲٸһµġ
ųԿףסˣһһңݺݵһĭ϶ǱĴֱʸˡ
˭˭Ҳܲ˰һʮǮֵгһ󱼣ĿûಡҪȻǵóȥ
ҿɵıЦ̲ס˵㿴Ҹʲôҵֲҵĳ
ӺݺһĭʵֵļһֽԿ׻ɵЦ̫ˡ̫ˡûȥɣҲῪ
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141 ·
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142 
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143 ֮Լ
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144 ȹ
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145 Ͻȥ
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146 ̸ۼ
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ԹȻǶҸмһɢΡ
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147 ŮҪĸ
ҼĸҾѾоʮֽˣһʲôʱҾ͸Ӳ֪ˣһԱУһʼҾҽԺһСʿҾӦҲһ㣬в֪ͥôãҾһ㣬һһũ޶ЩҸʣû˵˾йƤһ㡣
ŮҪĸӲģֻܼϣİ費ǸۣܹƵһũСӣ룬ֻҪ㹻Ŭܹչεģٸһʱ䣬㹻ǿˣҿүӣҰһڳﰲӦǲģүӲҰţƾԼ³ԷҲȥ
治ӵİ裬һֱ˺ü죬ʵϲȥˣԼҺȥǼҿȹݼ档
һ죬һһһ·վӵʱ򣬷ֻͦһССǼֱ˧ˡ
Ҿһгȥͣ˿档
ǰСʱģߵȶ˲ͣѡһŴĵطԱܹ龰
ʱҵģһֱ룬İ֮Ҫ˵ЩʲôҪЩʲôǵķۣܸ¸ӡԼʾĺüӣŵ¥µȺһ˵ĵ
Сʱܿ͹ȥˣһոµĴ󱼾ͣ˿ſڣܿҾͿһӵĸ첲ЦеĴӳӹŨüëһӢһֲŭĸоƺ㡣
ȻֻͨɢҼүһȣǲࡣ
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ŮӦþ裬Ǹͷ˾ĸס
£Ҿ˹ȥܿĸǴкһ̺壬һֱ˶¥
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˶¥֮£÷ԱϲͣһҧҪһƿơ
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ϲһˣҪһУϲϲģԼӦҲҪѧȥӦһС
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һĸ׾ͿʼòĴҵ
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֪һũ޵ʱǵڵɫѾôÿˣҵĹ֪һҵû򹤶յʱϾȻ󣬺ûȻˡ
ͻȻͱЩΣȻһֱڰ˵ûҲ֪Ѿ޷ˣҲ˵ۣһĸϣԼŮܹһˣʳǣΪƵǣǼҵôãСҲ
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148 
Ȼϰֶ˵ֱӴӵվһתͷߡ
Ҳӵվĸ첲ͳȥ˵֡衭Ǹʲôѽ
СŸ硭һεתͷңۿﺬˮǳģʵۡ
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ļһޣҺ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣһ޷תĵزһʼǾͲһǧС㣬һѩҪһͯһСһôһ¶
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ҪǮûǮûʲôݵλ̸ףһҵҸβķأ
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׾⿧϶ûеģֱӾߵȥƻȻҲõġ
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һߣֲ֪ߵʲôʱ򣬵һعʱ򣬷ȻߵϴŶԸǸطĿҵ룬е鶼ûзҾͲʲôһԭңʲôĿģ˵ڸǿϷʡ򹤣ƽƽĹҵСӡ
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ʱһҵͷƤ˹ȥ˲Զʯͷϡ


149 ѻ
Ҳ֪ղǴͷƤӹȥĶʲôǶȴԱ߲ԶһʯͷϣʱʯͷķѣЩʯͷмҵϣϻ˼Ѫӡ
ҵͷһ˲ղҪȼʱңҵͷ͸ʯͷһѿԽӶһأҿļʱֻϰ룬ұȻҪʬ
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ҵ͵䵽˼㣬һ£ȫҵŭȼˡ
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ȿ϶Ƕˣҹģ˭һСԼɲӳߣҲŸ
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ǰӣҾͿһɫӰ֮ٵĴһһߴ󺰴ţȾһСģһֱƮƮȥʼ޷ѡ
ȷ˷λ֮ҼӽһܣܿҿǸˣһ˳ǹ滹׼ͷ֣ҿˣҲңҹɫ̫ڣҿų£û˾еǹߴ˹
æԱһڵأǿӵʹ߲˹ȥصͬʱҴӵһʯͷǺǹ־˹ȥ
һ¼׼ͷһƺߣǹ˵ϡ


150 һһĺ
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ǺһѵأеĳǹһԣһѾ̣ͳҵĿ˹ҿҷӦʱһǰѾ̾ʹҸ첲˹ȥ
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һ룬ҽƨˣٴοǺˣ˼־֮һӡУһ뵽ڣƬ֮Ǻתѣһ̧ͷٴοңһΣȫǾ֡


151 Ѫɱ
ҳ˺ٺһЦ¶ɭɭԼЦݶͦ˵ģ˵Сˡ
ֵܣҶ֮ǰȰһ䣬ڽҪ֪鶼ңһܿ࣬һҲΪã˵أ΢Ц˵
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152 ޶֤
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һΣĽ˵ˣܵץӷΣֻҪһоڷҲͣűӣ
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ǰĬһҽ͵֯ɱּǰҲ˵Ϊصƶ֯ṹʮÿһ˶ǾѵĶɱ֣۵ֱд⼮Ӷɣÿһ϶кöֻЩأֲҸͽĺѶԸò׸Ǵסһģһأ˭뾹ȻŪӣﻹѻء
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ʱ򣬷ͷʪһƬ⼸첻֪ôˣ͵ᣬԽԽԼүˡ
ϴһϰֳȥɻˣ緹Ѿ׼ˡ
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154 ŵ
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ߵ֮ҿѾһոµ£ĶӾ͹Աߺޣˮ׽Ҳ̵ĲӴ޲ѣ˺ѷΣĳҵҲܲζ뵽ǰҵֹգסһᣬҲ
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үүһˣ˵ⷬѾĵߣҲֻЩŵĺĺһ㡣
һֱԥүү˵˵ϵ飬ԥҲû˵ڣҲүүΪҵģô˵ҲһˣЩ飬ұԼѧᴦԼĳɳ
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ҴŸҵĶص˼һֱдЩ飬þòƽ
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ĿǰΪҲֻܽͭǮӵٿˮƽҪкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ĸɣԼĿҾѧСֻǸһ䵱ɽĸѧ˼꣬裬Ѿʮˡ
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ǿֻǸҷģһϢĴļңڵڶ͸һ׼ȷĴ𸴡
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Ҳû˾ͣϸ۲סǸһɽ֮ϣĴûʲộСӼ治һǮⶰͽһɽİɽϣԼ޽һɽ·
طʮΣ˵òɽҰģֳٴĶҲ
ϣӦⱲһҹ
˾ϳǣڵ̯ϳһٷۿſҪڵʱҲŴһͣϲɽһũԺԱߡ
طסǶкóһξ룬ֱӴ˼Ļɽһ·˹ȥǶԱߵĻĲݴԼ䣬һغһ㣬ĵȺĵ
һֱ˴ԼСʱ󱼳˰ɽˮ·ϣ۵Ĵ󳵵һգŵſڲݴһҲҶ⳵һ졣


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󱼴ſĲݴԸһζǶȥԶ򿪣Ⱥ˽ȥ
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§Ů߽˱֮󣬴ӺһܿˣȫһˮĺװϵģһīβƵģһ³֮ȫɢڱΧת˼ȦȺ˱֮ڡ
ȥ֮Ժﴫ˼ֻǹĿܿͰ
ԺﾹȻйⰲŵģΪ˷ͻȻ֡
Щʱգûȫɽ䱸ʱ̵ҵĵ
⼸ī˲˵϶ıڣһ׳ĸţƵģרҵǸ߼ְҵڡ
Щͨˣǲмһ˵ģܴ򣬶һ˵ǹʲô̫вҲ֪ǲСӳˣְҵɱֶκң뼸ܶʲôã
ҲżھͶԸ죬Ϊ˿̵ЩǣҺʲô׼⧲һǶڰɽϸ۲Ժһһ
ʱһһţҶ׵λǱԶȥСʱ֮󣬾ʹӶ¥ĳһ䴫һЦֱһȡ
Ǯ˾ǺãԺΪû뵽Сӵôãһ»Ů˸ҹ
һСʱ֮󣬶¥ĶСһЩֹʮӣҲϨˡ
СͣѾ۵˯ˡ
һǴһٵĸоˬ˼㡣
ţºڷɱҹ
ֵƬ̣ҲСĳɽȥǱԺǽ
óȻ룬϶ᾪԺЩǹҪ⼸ֻ˵Ĵǹⶫұ¶Ρ
ҪԸ⼸ֻǹʵܼ򵥣Сȫɽ۾ͨ飬ܹģһ֣ǹܹͨĹЩǹɻͣЩ뿪ȾͲһˣһĹǸǹϻĴŹµƣںСǹڣЩǹܲ¡
뵽˼־Ĭ˼ʼ֮еȹͨٻ˳
ȻһѪƮ˳̳һΣѾǰ͸ˣǰֻһƬεӰӣоʱɢҵ֮˽һ꣬ΪߣѾʮ
ȱҴӵ֮зųԵʮָˣǳܺƣСŸ硭ǽ첻ڼ氡أ
СŸ飬һ˺òãʵ
ȵų˿ɰЦݣððϲˣǲҪȼŻأ
˵ţֱһɲģ԰׵СѪһƬͷϳƯ˰֮УһһֵβҪϿȥСŸ翴Ҳ¡
ŶӦһָֻ˿ɰģվҵߣȴ룬СѾͷ˵ڲһô
˵ȡԺмֻǹǲҪ˳㿴Ժ﾿жˣʲôط֮ҡ
ٴεͷ˵ðɣСŸ磬һϾͻ
˵ţһӣٴλһƬԺƮȥ
Ҷڸ߸ߵԺǽ£ʱԺ龰ȽԺ֮ҺܿԺǼֻǹһص죬ǿ϶ǿˣŵļβܽ˹ѣκζˡ
Ҷǽ£ĵĵȴȻһ߷ӣûеȵȻͻȻ;ϰµģҪվͻȻĵһʹֶȥһ˺ѷĵ𣺡СŸ硭Ұ
ȵΣˣ
һܵȵҾЩƲסԼˣһĪĿֻŸУȸҴˣʱĸر̣ҵŮһ谮˿Σգܽܵ顣


159 С
һȣû̫࣬˼һͷ˸߸ߵԺǽ棬ȻⶰԺ
Ҳ֪Ⱦʲôգղ˺ѷεȴĴ̼ңһ̣ʲôû룬ֻžΣա
ǵҷ߽Ժ֮󣬶ʱãȻˣΪҲ֪ȥʱк֮Ⱦ͸ʧȥϵټȫޣѵȱ˸ˣ
һ뵽ҵľ۵Ѿʧȥ̫࣬Ҳʧȥȡ
ѹ֮࣬ҲϵĸԼһҪ侲嶯ֻĸ⡣
Ժ֮һĽʼ־ĬŸȹͨһ֮󣬶ûеõκλӦȺʯ󺣣ټ
ȸһģûˣҿ϶ҲùҲ
ҪٹͨһʱͻȻߴһٵĽŲͬը죬۾ſͳ˹ȻǼڡ
ڿǳҳʱȻһȱеЩ˼飬һĶڱ˴ҹΪ޷죬ȫԸһ䲻⣬ոս˱ԺӾû˸ˣ
ʲô
ҺܿͷӦ˹ȶʧȥϵп˲⣬пʲô˹ȶ׽סˣôܲ˷֡
һ֮վһѴϵĻƲڴǰͭǮӭǼ˾к˹ȥ
һһȣһصĿҵͭǮϣҵֶЩ飬ǵͭǮײһʱĦһ𻨡
ƴǸ֣˾ǱҵЩǿ࣬ǿϾһͨˡ
һ˲䣬õٵתǣٶȶȻӿ˼֣Щ˵Ķǰ˰ģǺջصȥһţǺ˵СǺһƺߣźԵȥ
һͳԺﱼȥܿǼ±ھͳΧס
һΣҿЩвŵеĻŵžһ졣
ܿ죬ĸһϣȭźķкȻѾ˷ˣҲͻȥˣȻĲУҾ͸ģĶǵ飬ҷһ治ЩϽĶ֣߸ðһìͷͱǴѹȥ
еͭǮһĻ磬ЩºҲǼӣ֮߰ҲŴſ
׼ʣµҲʰʱͻȻ䱳Ҹеһ񺮡
æͷȥһС˹Сһ֮ɫһԴֻϡļͷӼܹûԴѪ۾ȫԹͷߺ֮ɫ
Ȼ俴ôһһæܣСߺХһŵζһʮĶĸУĻҲ˵һҪŻ³ĸо
СһδУƯڰ֮УһੵĹЦɳƵʮ̶ִ
ҿʲôô˳ªаȱģ֮Ҳÿһٱˡ
ܹǼƺûпɻеļһϿһߵСһ͵Ϯһ߳ӦǼ±ڣСƮߣϺ£¸θﲻסķڣȴҲ޷ڳʰС
һûдſ£ʱ򣬴һֳһˣСõĶûпֻǸоٶȺܿ죬ľһ磬ҿʱѾҵǰŵһźɫĵĹӣͷͳæеͭǮͽӣһ֮£ʱһʹѵ
ص˿϶Ǹ൱ߣûҷӦ˿ٵĻӳһƣһӡҵؿڣҵǸƵķ˳ȥصڵϣгȥ˺üԶͣ
θһɤһһſھһѪʱˡ
̧һͭǮ֣ڴȻѣѪ졣
ֶˡ
̧ͷȥǸһƽķɳȥľȻһʮ꣬һЦĿңǸ˷ĵĺɫӡ
ղһ˲ʲôҾȻһʮſˡ


160 
۾꣬ĴӵֲǵѪһĵĵǲǺأȫԳܣ֮³һѪȫǱղǸͷСĵġ
˿ǴͷСƯǸʮͷ੹Ц˫Ѫ۾Թ죬˶࿴һۣвͻֿ־壬Ȼľ͵ˡ
ԴҼĹҲ٣ͷСĵһҪС˲֪ٸΣСҶʶͷСȻὫŵ
Ҹոʮ꿴ʱһκĴЦʹͷϴ˹
ЦȻ̧ͷʱ򣬾Ϳ촩һ˯£§ļΪĳŮ˶¥ǿ̨֮ϣ˵ģŮÿòȣӣСҶüҵŮͣƬ̣ܿתƵԵõϡ
˿ҲңٺЦҾ֪û뵽ôü£ǲϸµʱʵڵȵĲͷˣһɱȥ㣬ʵҲûܰɱˣȥ̼һ㣬Сӹ棬û뵽㻹ܳסһ£ŹҵȵǺýư
ҳٺһЦ˵һôʰ㣬ǰЩ̫æҲû˵㡣
ôĿͷ˻ţƺģҲ·ͷڹӿͷұ֤һЩȫʬҪȻͰɱ֮ȥι۾һɣ׺ݵ˵
ι޴ӵĵӿ治СǷᣬɱҪģɱɱģ͸ⷨԺҿһ㡭
Цһ˵ɱ㻹õ֣кЩأ˵ˣһˣҹֳУҼ˭֪ǸذһҪٵɱ˷أɱ㣬Ҳжɣ˵أ
˵꣬ٴγһĴЦ
һʱ˵ǰ㣬ԼŪõȦ棬˵ٰɣҰһҵԵҲǲСģɱңҲûжôˣҲֲ֡
СеǮóٰʮҲǲԵġ
£Ҳϻŭȵ죬ӣϿ콫ȸҷųҪȻҽĹȣ
⻰ʵһ㶣˵ȡ˭ֻƼƼҪҪ
˵ţ콫§ĸһЩϸһڣżˡ
ҿҧгݵʱǸźڹӵȴ۵˵ιҵǲأ
˳ָķһʱһǱ˺ݺݵĴһȦΪҿڰ֮УͷСȣƴȴ޷ǼͷСľĿң˵СŸ硭ȾҡҺ°
һҵĶˣɵŭգݺݵĿ꣺СӣҲʲôˣǸҼһëһڴ̥
Һڵ˶ˣϼŲ⼸ССˣƵ˵ţ̧ͷſȿһۣǼСʱʼſݵѪڣҪҧȥ
Ȼ⼸СǼΪײеĹ֮ǿԻɵģԴ˿ӵУҿԿ϶ȫ˵Ц
£Ҳ಻סֱӽеͭǮһ³ŰеǼС˹ȥ׷ɳȥͭǮͬʱ־߶ʼٿǰͭǮͭǮһɵ֮Уʱֽ⿪˼ʮöɢŽͭǮֱǼСȥ
ͭǮҲǲÿһöͭǮ˵ֵĸմȾ˺ܶǼͷСǿĹЩͭǮɱˣҲǿƽʬϷ
⼸ʮöͭǮɢһֳǼͷСɱȥһǳԼվŵǼڶȥ
ҪһжǬЩ˺͹һ
Ȼãȴ𲻵ãɱ˷ҽģЩֻǮ˰¶ҲҪǵԣЩͭǮֻǳǵ̴ȥ
ЩͭǮһ·ɢּֿȥЩסȵСһЩͭǮϱ¶˻ֲ̿ɫ


161 ˹ͷ
İǼͷСʱɢӣڵԽѣƮҽŲɿ죬Ҳ˹ȥҪ·ڵ֮ͷ¶ˣǰȶԸֻһЩͨˣȻǵӦ֣ҪԵһ׼ߣһм֣оֲʲôôǱȻģСѾͷи̣ҿ϶Ҫ裬³ǣ˶ҪᣬƬײ
Ҿ˵Ц
ȳ߿ٵƮʱһӰҲٵĳ߱Ǹʮ꣬һݣССͱչֳһֲбѪֶΣȫԿ϶Ƶ⼸ͷСһаҸղŴȥǼöͭǮǱȥġ
ûҾҪɱ֮䣬ǶаıȻʲôˣ˷ʿ˾ֻһĿģǾǽնɱټ
ͷС֮ǰ϶СƳĹݣɱҲе
СֶȴʮָǼöͭǮʱȴеĺڹһ¾ͽǼöͭǮɨ˳ȥǼöͭǮʱı˹켣߷ٶҵĽŲΪ֮һ٣Ҳò㣬ҪȻҲıͭǮ
һһԾѣһ֣һɺһץסȵĽŲӣʹҽУֻһ룬ٵóһС«һģСȾͻһѪϢսС«
껹źڹҴ˹
һθ߽֣һһʮ꣬ΪȴƺҸһЩҲҿ࣬Сеʱ֮ϡ
ȱսǸС«еŭٴαȼһһٵ˼־ЩɳȥͭǮٴξ£һ»һͭǮҵС
ոմȥЩͭǮֻǼУ׷׵زǼͷСȴû˵ֺ
ȣЦһҷӣЦݳһʮСϣҾع죬ССͱ㻵˹ͷǵٳһЩǻ˵ã
ɱȣ
Ψһͷ£ͭǮͳǺڹһ͹ǺڹеĶ̹·׷ɣƳˮŪһźƣһͭǮʮУĶ죬ֱðȴûռһˣһɵڸҴš
ҷ֣ҾȻʮĶ֣һ۸ͨ˹˵˵ǸصĴ
вһˣ΢Щµ߾͵ֵס
Ҳţ
£һҧǣеһǿǴһЩ棬Ƶ˼
磡ΪܴӮңղڸأҾҪ
˵գһż⣬Ʈ˼˼ָǺڹ˼£ˡ죬ǺڹϺʱ䡱һð˳ڹӣٴγұ˹
һһ㣬ҺὣȥһɳضȵĴʩѹʱһѪӿѣһѪ͵˺ͷǱȥ
⧲֮䣬һžҵؿڣ˴͵˳ȥһ̳ϣƹͷɢ˼ܣǿѾ˶ͷѪҲ޷סһſھ˳ȥ
һС򲻹˶Ѽˡ
ҼѵĴӵٴγͭǮָ꣬Ӳ˵
㲻𣿡б۾ңһΪмģ
˭˭ôӣҶݺݵ˵
겻ңǿһ¥ϵ죬СӾ͸ϷƵģ˿ڶ¥̨ϣӵұЦƲһۣ㲻ÿңСӼȻͳȫɣɱֱ֮ιҲԸЩи˵͵ҼĹҧˡ
˵գ컹ŻһڣŰҿ֮ôôأ
޸磬ƺðɣŪˣ˭Ʋôġ˵գٴ˺ڹһƵĳ߱Ϯ磬磬еǸڹǺһŨ
µǣͷͷСҲһҪҵɱĽࡣ


162 Ҫ
һĺڹӣĴͷСһ˲оһ̩ͬɽѹĸоصҺޱأһ̣Ǽܺ˵ģΪȻУҵûһث֣վҲһ̾ҪȪҲҪ
£һҧٴսеͭǮ֮еתͨ澭ߵеǰͭǮϣһ̣еͭǮޱ貣һ⣬ӭźڹһͳȥ
һҽзӵһּ£磬籼ףɽһնͷ­СƨССͱ׺ݣҲɱݡ
ٶȿ죬ٶȱҵĻ죬ڳұʱ򣬿ĬھеǸ˹ĵĹٴŨҵĺӶ͸ĺҿһݶݣһ̣϶ҲҪҵġ
Ϊһ˭ֵܹס·ʤ
գۼ䣬еͭǮ͸ĺڹײһ𣬷һ޴ĺ֮ͭǮϵĽǺڹɣһ˳ͭǮһ·ӶҵϣȻִҵȫһ͸ı֮һ㺮˪˶
ڴٴαѣǰͭǮ˵ϣһе֮һΣƮ˳ȥȻһҲܡ
һЩܶѣȴϵȫ彩ӲȻʧȥ֪ٴα˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ
һΣҸûиоۣΪҵѾȫľˡ
ǺڹӲ֪ʲôŹֵķȻܹ˳ӣڵϵʱжʱãһжҪˣҸĶ֡
Ȼүү˵츳ǿеĺòϣұϾвһ꣬ǰȻСȷһˣĲ˵п϶еģҪȻ׵ľͽ˳ⷬģ
Ӣ۲ʳ·вջǲǰꡣ
ҵڵϵʱ򣬸ӿɲַˣƯڰеĴͷСͻȻХ£˹һͷС͵һײҵҶʱԴ˵Ҫըһ㣬ָоСһǵĸоһ޶
ȻЩͷСײҵҲǴɵҵǣҼˣҲ޷ظӴϾҲûˡ
ǼͷСȿַֺ󣬶ҪＷȥСҵ壬ҹһӶֲǾͱɵĸɸɾ
ɵҵĻǣЩͷСͻдǾǿɻǶġ
ˣô죿Ұô죿
үӺŶҼ˺һʲô첻ˡ
УҲһ̣ҵԺͻȻֳָݣҲ֪֮ΪʲôðӰ֮ʱܻðǸһΪ䰮֮˵Ļɡ
ҲҪš
ҸԼ
һҧͷѪʱڿ翪̶ɬһɴʹȫΪ֮һ
Ҳ֣һϱŵĻƲ棬һ
ʬߣ
үķԿһа֮éɽϷԾ塣
ЩͷСʬ߾ΪĿǡ
ʬһóĩ˵ǸСʱɢҫ۵ĺ⣬ͣ˸ţյĺͮͮģⱦУƺоһ΢΢缢ƿʣȲƺҪֶһ㡣
ʬһĸͷС϶ʱ¶ޱȾı飬һİ֮ʱĴӴܡ
ոǸͷСҲȲĴѳȲҪԶҡ
ʬƺһʱһϤĸоʱͷΪ֮һ
ղһ֮ϵʱʬˣһɹɱϢȫ֮еһӿٴͨ澭תȫҵٴγ
ŴӳǸͷС˿ûԥпٵĬ˼ھеķʬ߽žͳǴͷС˹ȥ
һΪİҶҵĶĤǷʬ߸һǴͷСӣͱ˰֮С


163 ٸ
󣬷ʬĩ˵ǸСĸӾˣǴͷСͷһۣǰӣƺҷŹ
ǺǡղҪҵĻǣүôŷŹңҷ㣬ˣǵҪΪ˸ۣ³
ҽӿʬ֮УһɰʱӷʬӿֳǸͷСʱһźգۼͱʬһɸɾټȫޣʱķʬ߲΢΢ķһǳɫȻʬߵθںܴССһͷСġ
ʬз΢΢ɫһֱ˸һƬ֮С
˿̵ҿ϶ԵЩΪɱѾ˳
ڣҾ˵һүڱңһټʮǰʬ߾˼ţǰ緢ޱȺýΪ֮аŷɥʬҵУҲʬжƣʲôħ֣õʲôаеģ͹ԣүеķʬܲ㣡
еķʬգۼĹɵһͷС緢϶ʱֳһ˿˼ɫܡʦӤɷ㲻õʲôɻ˵ˣô
ϾС֮ܵЩЪ˹ˣҴ󺰴е˵
ֻ΢΢Цеķʬָ̧꣬ݺݵ˵Сӣ㻹ʲô¾;ʹɣ㲻֪үõʲôԲ֪ˣ
ƣһңҧгݵ˵ǺãҽһҪ㲻ɣ⽫ĻɢҪʬ屻ҧϡãȻɽʬ
ǹģĻһʮĿУ治֪ССͣΪλԣ治ţų֮һࡣ
ɻٴγʱڶ¥ŵԵЩͷˣ˵Сܵܣ㵽ваôûûɱҪǲеĻҾͻһ
̧ͷһۣ˵޸磬ģҿ϶ɱٸӣ
Ļﵱһǻ˼˵ʮ֮⣬׼һֶԸң滹ڵң쿴һҪŪﲻɣݵĽࡣ
Ҳ˲ô࣬뻢ѨҲҵģֻҪһһڣսһ̣Ҳȥ滹жˣȽʮſ˵
£˵Ǿ仰֮󣬾תҶݺݵĿ˹˵źڹٴγͳŷʬӭȥ
껹Ǹǰһ㣬һɻȫһͨңɻͷųܹͨ˵ϣӶûл֮зʬȴɻȻǣɻͷųʹҵϣͱʬ߸ɵĸɸɾǹ˼֮еɻðˣ֪˶õһֱ÷ʬ߱һջ
ԽԽҪڼ֮ڱڹ£ȻǱСӴˣȻܹӦԡ
Ϊʬ߸Ī
һߴһʰСӵİ취ŴţǾ˵˸ղӵǸ̳ߣڵϵͭǮȻ⡣
һһһƨ˵ϣСΪóѣһԾ𣬾ɻͳҵ֮ǰϾָҲĬſͭǮĿھĹϣǰͭǮʹӵϷؿȻȥ
ڰУȻ¶һޱȾı飬͵ĳһȥǰͭǮһƫ׼ͷûĿѣǴϲ˹ȥʱһƬѪ⣬ƺһ˵ϣͷһϵѪһƬôһѪӡ
عҲٿͭǮٴη˹ٴȥæеĹӣͭǮһ˹ȥ
ͭǮˡһ죬˵ϣܿٴη𣬳߷˹
һѽͭǮУɱ˹ȥ
Ǳ¶׹ŵˣŹӾܣͬʱкǼͷСҺХ


164 ƴŴ
ѾˣǸµĻںͷһʮС˲񣬻˵Ҫ֮ھͽɱˣҵҪ֮ڵ˭ſڵϡ
ĸͷСҲ˵ʲôӤɷĴ߶֮£Хųҳ˹һĿԵޱ׺ͨ˿СһۣŵӣȻͦⶫģ̣׵ĹҲ·ʬߣûжֱվԭأ;еķʬߣĩ˵С΢΢һâ䣬ҰâЩӤɷ˵ҽ¯ǸһңҽɢӣƯʮ֮ĵط졣
Сǣл۸ңСôţİеĹҲʬ߸ʰˣ
⼸Сһ𱻷ʬ߸ˣҲġ
ûʬ߾ôԵүÿһţıҵ˿ɲʲô˶ġ
ͱ⼸ӤɷһĹҿǸʮͻȻվԭزˣҧгݵʲôһЩ־Ȼ˫͵ַ̤أһʥ壬Ѫʳ֮꣬ʳ⣬Īס
ҿʲôž͹аģ֮϶ʱһڳŨ˶֮Уһޱȸߴĸо͵һ±˺ܶ౶
һŨĻԺƮɢ͸壬һ
СһҪƴŴˡ
үģдУΪҲ
СӻƴΪҲҴСµľǸˣƴ
ˣҲǺ˼ʬͭǮһ½ƻһѪӣѪʱͭǮȾ죬ͭǮѪ̹âʢ׷ɵ˰֮С
Ҳ˼־Ĭ̨̫ǣӦͣаȣǻãɥ꣬Ѫι츳ӻǣ𣬴ǧ
գҧ⣬ͳƮǰͭǮһѪͭǮϾǽһŻͣʢ
СڸƴҲƴһ˫գȼҵƴԪˣɢΣգҲҪصһɱҵǰ
֮ǰһҼŶùжԸСʱֻǻƣþѪþѪͻһ˾·һӮˣԷҪͿ˭Ĵкˡ
Ƹۣ㶼֪Լжôͷ㶼֪Լжǿ
ƴˣ
һ֮ѵĴ߶ͭǮͭǮʱһһ죬ͭǮˣ˼ʮöͭǮƮɢڰ֮УÿһöͭǮ貵Ľ⡣
ʱʮ˻һһ˦־ͻӳƮ
ڻ֮껯ĹһģļһҲҳ˹
ɣƴɣүȵľһ̣
һҧͭǮ󣡸𣡡
ʱ䣬ƯڿеͭǮÿһͭǮƺƵգХ¡
ЩͭǮΧͭǮʱһ룬ͷ껯Ĺȥ
šۡһ죬ʮͭǮһȫϣĺʱʧЩϵͭǮĵ˵ϡ
ţмͭǮɳ۶ȥһִϣһػ֮£ʱйƤ򣬻ָԭģֱӵ˳ȥһô֮ϣӻͿһѪ
ҳ꿴ȥȻûȻͭǮˣѪۣǸղЩ壬һͱͭǮѡ
û뵽ǣ꾹ȻַǿôվǸɫĹӣһȳһյĳ˹
ǲʺͶ񶾣޲һڽȥӡ
Ȼ£ֻǾ档
ҲһСǿ
һٴ˼־ɢĴͭǮһٴξۼһһͭǮ·ɻҵС
Ҿ͸һ£ҿ㵽ܳŵʲôʱ
£һٴνͭǮ׷ɵ˰֮УһҧϽǵȫǰͭǮٴγ꼲ɶȥҾͲˣһһŪ㣡


165 ʬ
һʤˣҲֻǲʤһǧ˰٣ҵȻӽڿݽߣҴʱԵԪˣǰƮڰ֮еͭǮҲҡҡλΣˣҲǳ˹ȥһܹҪ
ͭǮҪؿڵʱһƿͻȻշಡһʹͭǮϣͭǮҡҡλΣһ˿֧ţʱ֮ʱͷһƫ˵ϣĲ˵ʯש֮ϣֻ¶һ档
ôǿΪ
һͷģǷ֮ӿҽһҲĴһһ͵˵ϣͬʱһ죬ϴһѪʶҲ˶ݵģҸоĲˣһ֧Ųˣһͷôȥģ˯һ˵̫ˣⱲӶûѹ
Ϊ඼ȼոɾˣѾҲûиƴˡ
һЩģȻأҲ뱻ȥιеúģ̫һЩЩҽܡ
һ˻Դǿ壬ԼҪôľͱ۾ʶľ뿴ղĸ˸һ´ҵͭǮûɱСӡ
ղǸǴǱߴģ϶û¡
ҿǱߵʱ򣬷վŵĳ˸ղŮ֮⣬˿ֶһˣһ̫ţһͷȣһɫۣ̫ƶۣɹ˵Ƥͷ׷һƬһ˫۾ڳģ䣬ҼүеһƴϸԵһЩ
һ̫ţʱһƬң̫Ųϵ̫ǿˣֻһۣҾ;ԼǰС˵ˣǺö˶˵ģҲ̫ŵйȥС
̫ڣСǲǳԱ˳ŵãҪԸң̫һ֣߰˻ˡ
̫ŸûпһۣĿһֱǸʮ꣬üɳƵ˵СʦЩȫιˡһвһСӶɱʦ㻹ʲôôأ
ʱϳ˾֣ס˽Ųʦͽɱģһ̫ˡ
˵ţ˼조ۡһ³һѪľ͵˵ϣһ㡣
СӻͦǿģղűͭǮվôһ·Ż˭أ
ղҪ̫ų֣СͱͭǮһԴˡ
굹ڵֲ֮ӣ־ڻղһУһ㣬Ԫˡ
ҿСӻҲӦ˹ȻͷҲǣܻһһֻҪܴսͲͣ
ҲŬӣ־޲һԪ˵壬һһ£һһһɱ
ʬšݣСӸ˰ɣڿܴͲˬǼ˵
СڸһûʲôˣҪɱҲһȥ飬м㿴ô̫ɳƵֵ
ʬţʲôϿŪưȲ˵
Ҹո˼ʬһŪƣʬϲ⣬ҿҲСιˣιι⼸ʬôҧ˿ڸҧҲ࡭
ððûֿϿ콫ʬųҿ¡ٴηЦ
һȴ룬ʬǸʲôôû˵
ҺܿͿˣʬŴһָ֮󣬴ӰͻȻ߳˼ˣ·ĶǴӰ߳ʱҵһҵѽⲻ
⼸ɢһɸõϢഩ£ɫҰ׻Ұ׵ģЩϻ˺ܶ࣬һʬһ벻֪ʲôˣ¶˰׻Ĺͷͺ
Щ٣ŮȻʮ֮࣬λƵĳ˹
߽һЩԺĵƹһַһЩߣЩ˵ﾹȻôҿⲻǴ˵еĽʬô
ëʬǼģЩʬûë֮⣬ǽʬҲûʲôʬ˵ʬ
̫аˣЩʬ徿ǴܳأҸղΪûз֣


166 ʬ
ʮʬһԺǼڶʱŵƨű˽ȥߵŮҲŵĻʧɫһϾʮֱߵˣﻹųֻ㿴ſֲ˵ЩͨˣΪһߵңһʼЩʬʱҲһ
ҪѾӿˡ
ʮʬжٻλƣŽӲĲ߹ûЩʬ߹ģĽʬıģվҵΧ߰׵ĵطޱ飬һ˫۾ɵģûн㡣
վڶ¥Ű˯µһʼЩʬʱ򣬱Ҳ˾壬ӲһЦתߵǸ̫ţһĵ˵ʬţǵ˰˶·Ȿ¼Ҳû˭ܳԽˣνҶˡ
ʬŷһƵЦ੹ЦСѣҳݣ汾µҲ˵ҿɲʲôµһֻЩʬֶΰˡ
̫ŵװȣҾץһһʱܻһһ˿̫ȻѾҵһˣֻҪһ£Щʬ˹ҾͻᱻЩʬж˿顣
ǣмƽϣڴˣҲ뵭װһ£ȿȡҲǸأʬңô˵Ķܻ£Ƕڸֽʬ˵һ治ô£үǸɵľǸʬһеʲôĽʬûмһЩʬɱңô
νʬҲǽʬܣһĽʬ㲻ϣ͵ȼĽʬʬЩʬͨʬ磬ëʬһȣ֪˼ΣǣЦ
룬Ҳֻǲɫõٵת֮վ߶ҪȻЩʬʱ㶼û㡣
潫ҵˣ̫ܾĿˣϵʵʬţʬôƵİֶλ桭
ʬŵ˵Ǳطǲ⴫ģ˵Ҳף̫ſ޹ӵһеĲϣûȤ£ǿԽһֶڡ
Ϊһÿܶܲ˼ѧЩ߰Ķֵ⡭ҿѧˣѧҲûðʬŵĺˣ֮϶صллԭ̸õļ۸ٸһô
⻰ʬŶʱ˵ֿ˿ûݵĴ죬һ੹Ц޹Ӱ¶ˬ죬ӾлˣԺ󵫷ʲôҪ̫űǡ
˵ͷĿҵϣ΢΢鶯ָʬֵʬšǲǿԿʼˡҧǼ⽩ʬҧⱲӻͷһμϽҿ۰ɡ
˵˵ʬ΢ЦתͷΧߵЩʬͻȻһ־һ𣡡
ЩʬͻȻӾҵĶϵı쳣﷢๾죬ͳתţЩʬͻȻٶȼӿ죬һһҰް˻𣬾ͳ˹
үģЩʬҧˡ
үҲòžˣһ֣ӻƲڴһ
éɽ塣
ûҲүķܹʬ巢ʬıǸܹʬ֮ʬ塣
éɽһʬ˭Ҳӣ
ⱦһó֮ͰүүҵǱϴϵзţʼͨéɽȥٿЩʬ
̣·ܰȱתʬ¡
éɽĻζһö죬һ̣ʲôȥ룬е˼ڲٿéɽ֮ϡ
ԽΣյʱԽǲܻңһţͷ
ֻȫĹעһе˼éɽ֮ϣͨʶⷨͨŻ
éɽĻζţ쳣ҹǰ
һ죬Щ˹ʬʱֹͣ˻𣬼ûҲû˻ȥվҵصĻζһǵƵġ
ŵһɴ̱ǵĶЩʬϴ˹ЩʬҲ֪̫ŴģһõĲˣҲܽ˳


167 ͬ
Ҿ۾ʮʬһ˹Ķͣҵϡ
ٴĻζéɽ壬ס˺һн죬Щʬһٴλζӣź˳ȥ
ԶʱҲĺһ̫ˣղǲһѬ
ò˵үЩ棬éɽֻ΢΢һΣЩʬ͹ԹԵˡ
ҲңЩʬҿʲô̫ĽʬڵҲǿסһһͨĽʬڵˮƽ϶޷סүֻüʬͬʱʬɽʬһܣģҲ΢һЩΪͼʬ
ڿЩʬʱһûţһֱڻһлᣬӣϽ뿪úǰɽڲûգ̫ģһô̲϶ɡ
ֻ΢һЩʬվڶ¥Ǹʬȴȵĵɴ۾˻Ƶݺݵĳ˵СӣղõʲôֶΣȻƵʬԿס
ôֻǱտڲԣʱѡ
̫żҲŭ˵úúãˣ㲻Ҫһɱ֮󣬱㽫еùԼơ
˵գ̫ŽеͷԱһţ˫ֺ˼ȵһʬҺɻѪй⣬Ҳӣһ
̫ŷһͨЩʬٴζɫ̱һ¾ͳ˹һæٴλζéɽ壬ͼסЩʬһκ񲻹ˣЩʬéɽĺǷУΪ̫ǳԪˣ޷õеֻ̺ⷨǡ
̫ŸЩʬǱ㲻ηéɽĺ
ۿţЩʬҪ˹ͻȻһ֣ʬţȶ֣Ҹ˵˵õķɶ
ʬһһ֣ЩʬٴͣҵŶϣסˡ
Сӣ˵˵ɣǸ˵һٻЩʬ˺ƬʬŶݺݵв
ҺٺһЦ˵ҶҪˣҸ˵ٻЩʬԶһЩ̫ˣѬҶ졭
̫һٴһ֣Щʬʱ˼ףԶһЩ
ָĻܹӼӣҲԸʮֱҾʱһ߸ӳƤһ߿ٵĻָҪ˵Ҳ洫ģѪҺʮ⣬Ǿǻָܿ죬ϱһڶָ̣ܻܽ˵˵ĺأǻָĻ񣬻ָҲ൱˵ġ
Щ飬̫źȻ֪Ҫ֪ĻҲ˵ôϻֱӾͽҸɱˡ
ҳʬźٺһЦЩͽ˵ʬǰɣһڻţ֪λʬмңҪ˵ǻͬأ֪ҼǸʲô𣿡
ʬŵĿҵϣƺЩɣʵͬУǸɶġ
ٴγʬĵһЦ˵ҼϿǸʬģһǸʬңֻǵҺҸһеòˣԸʬһûҪȻղҲЩǰЩʬ˵ǲأǾͬвŶԡ
̫ɷнµĵ˵ͷ˵˵ǻͬУǵŪʬмңڰٶǰǸʢǰǿŵŪʬе߳彭ֻЩеԽԽˣֻܶĽ͵͵ЩҲù⣬̬ĲŰ
̫˵ɵежôΰƵģʵǸʬһʬľһ׼ʬǽúõʬаΪɱ£ҸʬҲ£ЩʬͻعᣬҶΪֵƾ٣ǾаȻʬ嶼һļ⣬ǾԲܻΪһ̸
ҪΪʱ䣬ø̫˵ôϻ
ԹаǸʬЩаħΪ飿
£Ҳֻ˳̫ŵĻ˵˳¿˵ûͲһӯˣ۾˵šǵŪʬ˲װΪǸʬһѾˣû뵽ﻹǰңаܹһǰɣ޺


168 
һ˵̫ҲЩݣ˵ǰЩŪʬȷʵףֽ£Ļǵ֮Ҳû뵽ﻹһͬУһôһСޣܹⷬ£ʬһ㲻ϾЩܹ˼̳Ǵңٹϸʮ꣬ƲҪˡ
Һ̫ԽԽͶۿҪɸΪ񲯣ʱվʬߵɾɵˣһʬţεǡšʲôҿǸǮģܲǮ°ɣɲصСӼͬУҲǲɱ˵
Ļٴ̫ţĿͱ׺˵ͷ˵СӣҼסˣ첻զ˵㻹һȻӦҪɱ㣬϶̫Ǯ֣ҲǽأͲҪĺˡ
˵ţ̫ٴξ֣Ҫ߶Щʬҧңҵ֮еָĻһ֣󺰵šȲҪ֣Σ
̫ŵסˣʵСʲô
ҵ߱ȻҪгֵķݺὭǵұۣղҲˣһѳӣܹһа֮ϵӶǴĻ𣬸ղӤɷ˲ͱеķˣҲǼʶģǸҵģһһǸղһζǸܹʬ壬ʬ˲䷢±䣬šһʬʬ߽ʬ϶Ҫһۣʡ¶ˣֻҪһΣʬʬֻҪΪߣ˵ʬˣǰëʬëʬҲٻ£ֻҪϷңҾͽΣ
̫ŵӵһתʱϲ˵ϡ䱦ˣ̫ŸɵʬĹҪľĪ
Ϊ̫ŻϹȴٺһЦ˵ɱ֮һҵģϻ˵ɡ
Щʬٴһ֣˵
̫żҪɱңҴˣϴͷ˵Сͷˣ׻ʲô˵ģĻүȥ˵ɡ
š֪һķͿھǣܷãɱңǵҲãûʹԣҵҲܽھͷ㣬һΨһһ磬Ҫˣʬһͳ׵ľˣҲϣʧɣżæŵ˵
̫˲ֱҸסˣ˵ͷ˵⻹Ǹ鷳ɣ㽫ھͷڸңھͱҪôһ¶أˣ㿴Σ
һʱżˣšɲô찡СˣԺ󻹻ˣ
Ȼ̫ȴһۣ˵ɱɱȫƾӵ飬Ҫǵˣʱɱ䣬Ͳˡ
ȴڰ͵ЦΪ̫ŵżԣ̫һõƷʬߺéɽĿھ֮󣬵һ϶ɱңȴƲ̫ŵĻ
ǣ̫ȴҲҵɵӣһɭɭ̫ţ˵ĻǲŵģҲŲὫϣܹңߣҵķҾǶéҲܸ̫ãǼֱΪŰ治
£Ҳֻװ¶֪̫ŵţˣȽھ㣬ֻ˵һ飬סǲסˡ
˵ţұҡͷԣɷнµı˿ھڱ˫ĿĿǬۡ
һ䱳ſھһվӣʱңѾ˲߶Ѿ⣬ʱһڲϵһӵĿھȫں˵˵ϴϵķȫ¿죬̫һʱҲӦֻżЩھ
˿ھ֮ҽֵšھˣǻҪ־Уҿˣ־ģ̤ġ
һ̤һ߾ͳŲԶǸŲ˹ȥһŲһ߻ϵĸӽ˵ȿ쵽ſڵʱֱӳſڿ񱼶ȥһԾʹܵ˴ϣֱӷ


169 ʬ
үģ̫ŻҪ洫ķʬߺéɽ壬ĴȥɣСүʮΪϲߣ򲻹ۻ
̫Ҳ̫úһЩ㼸ѵûСүʱô
Сүˣˡ
ţһͳţȻ˵Ѿˣ޲ſȥһǿ֧ңҲˣ̫ŵΪȻүүǲ࣬ҪҾ̫ˣ̳Ǹͽܣһɱңʱܣʱ
Ҹշţһ飬Ⱥĺ«װţǺã
У϶ûк³
ȥҲ·һܻһһɣ˵ԺлٴСнȸ
ˣһ죬Ҫʧȥȫ
֮󣬸ܿûʹ̫Ъ˹ıС飬ȻƭңһҪɱ㣡
һȥɣ׷ϴү˵
Ļ˵ô࣬ɽ¾һ·񱼣ǰûǰͻȻһӰҵǰһǼһײһɲס˽Ųϸ˿ȥһ֮£ʱĿɿڴҵĸԹԣǰվŵľȻһ߰ëʬֲҸһţŵһӸϢ
ǰëʬһоҵĴڣ˻һ׵˫֣ͳĿ˹
һʱʧ룬û뵽ӦԵİ취ʱһƬңүģ̫ŹĻ㾡ϵΪܺסʵ׼ڴſڻһֻİëʬסҵȥ·ҲѷɵĽࡣ
ǰëʬƣһ֮¾ͺüԶžͽұƻ˴ſڣæǬУҪǷʬȸëʬһ˵ǲҽʬͳëʬ͵ҵǰһץסҵļʮָ״̽һɴǰëʬϴ˹˶˳ȥ
ײţͷҪɢˣ۵ҲᶼҪˡ
ӱߵǣʮʬҲȫ˹һצɲ
鼱֮䣬ҵٴŸҵĻƲڴһͻȻһԲԲĶ˳óһпϲҪʲôʲôⲻүүҵʬô
ٵĴ߶ھעʬ֮УͳǾ߰ëʬ˹ȥһ¹ʬ棬¹ӯã¹ͨʬͳǰëʬ˹ȥ
ǰëʬһҾ徵İһŰɫƵģƬ֮ǰëʬڿնһ³ǽײ˹ȥ˵ϣûκϢϵİڲɢ
üһԭʬҲôͣɽɽ֮үĶǺá
ҽʬУżҵʬ˹ȥǱʬеĹâֵʬһȫ˳ȥݺڵϣȫޣͦͦģǵʬȥʣ߰˸ʬʱͻȻ䷢ʬеĹâһϢȻˡ
ʱүӸ˵ʬֻһأκʬ֮ĽʬãǾдƣһʬоۼĹˣ㲻ˣһĪı׶ˡ
֮£ֻܽʬ½ʬУʬȻʹõĴ˴࣬ǷʬȴƵʹãΪĲ
ʬҵеǴһЩʬ̾ͻᱻʬˣմز𣬱ϾֻƳʬϲû̫һͨʬô
̫վڶ¥һֱңâڱǵһ㣬ѾѪƳʬһ÷ʬߴڵأڰ಻סˣҧгݵ˵С飬ƭҲͰˣȻƳʬͽʬˣϾжٱɣ
˵գ̫ͻȻӶ¥Ʈ£еͷȾͳҵԴϺݺ˹
ʱ䣬ֶذ̫ɱһ¶ɲһҲֵסˣΪǸղǸܹģһҵϣҵԴǱҽǻﲻɣô죿
ѵҪˣ


170 Ǯ
̫һܴңҲһս˰ɣʮ֮һúһҧ˷еķʬߣͳ̫ŵؿ˹ȥûǷʬȥͷֱȥҪͷҵԴϣҵķʬһҲؿѣƴ
ˣҲԲù
һȣĻ˲ʲô⣬֮ǰҲҪҧµһ
̫ŵĹӼϵʱͻȻ䣬֦ڣһԲĶಡһƿ죬˹ȥֱ̫š
̫һĨ֮ɫӶʱƫ׼ͷһ³ԲĶ˹ȥ
ǸԲĶ䣬ҲûʲôΪٶ̫ˡ
ⶫǱ̫һӴ˸ţۡһͷ˳ȥ
ͬʱ̫ڰ֮зɳһţôһѾӣһ¾ŷʬߵϣ˴һ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϣ˺üȦͣ
Ҹоһ˿ٵĳ˹Ϊǵˣģ́ͷһʱһ£˾ȻһУһʶǸԲסٿ鵽ڶûлĲҪĳС
Ҵţ˵̨ɽסֻ۾ʦĵӣʲôţԣģһҪļһ
СôͻȻ
ҿʱһ㶣ſڵ϶ûΪˤʵ̫ˣ۵ĻĹͷɢ˼ܡ
ĺгҼһЦһԲĶǺлԵõĲһ߰ϧĸǸһʹļ׵˵ӷ𡭡ѽѽʩҲ̫һ£СɮԵõļһǱˣɵһµġ
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ҲʲôʱҪĺлҳƤɫĺУ治Ǹأ㿴̫ûɲģɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷȰʶĸϽߣҪȻһ
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һƣⶼʲôʱˣ̸Ǯ飬˶ҪˣҪٿǮкã
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̫һ㶣ɫ飬ϸһĺУ汻סˣֳܿһۣѰʲôƵģĺеʦ۾ʦл۾ʦӰӣҾ֪ڴţĻ˵ʮ䣬ֻһš


171 ζ̫
һȦ̫Ųûҵʲô۾ģ˵Ϊ̨ɽĵӣɽúôţܵʲôȻ۾ʦڴˣһǶԻ۾ʦĽѾء
ҪĺԼ˵ļٻԼţţѾһľ磬ƲŴ˵Ըţõʦ֣Сɮһ˾ʰ㣬ʦ˼Ҵ˿̾ڰ˼ּĸ֣ϧĸ㽻֣ɱ㶼֣뿴ʲôزܾܲʹ֣ҪȻʱҪ
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Ƭ̫֮ž۾ǺУǾ쵽ʲôƵ˵̨ɽĽѾã˿̲ܻ۾ʦڲڴˣһ̨ɽɮĸУСʦʹͽаɡ
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ǺҲܹӦԣһħƣͷĶӭ̫žͳȥ
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ҶеĹеʱǺб㱻һڴؿڣֱӵ˳ȥҵߡ
ǲΪţأԭôӣȫʢʱڣû˵£ҲܸŹϼС
бͦңڵ֮󣬹˺üȦһſھ³һѪ
һе֣ʱ੹ЦΪʲô˲õĸɮԭͻôӣţıµǲʦ۾ʦأô
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ҲһѪ֮Ŵˣ־Ϳʼϵõɮۡ
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вǺȾƳ⣬ţѵɫ
˵еĻ˵ľô
գۼĹоͽ˸⣬¶һ⡣


172 ŭĿ
˵ʵ첻ôĻƽʱȥͦһˣǵʱ¶һ˶ĸ⣬͸ԵӢͦΣԣȻ
ͻȻϴҽдȥǿʱԺϴ裬ʱҲϵֻʱ¹谵ҿı֮УƻͨȴʮϲҺôһƬǰغ󱳶УǰƵһŭĿգƵһ޺СǲɵˣԴʹˣȻϣҳô󣬵һμġ
СǺеĺô
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ʱ䣬Ǻؿڵλýһһ±ĳһˣҲǸУ׶࣬˫۴ͭ壬üë裬׺ݣŭһü̹һ˼ƣĵǰ
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173 ȼյ
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ģҲñΪƴҪҲҵһõ¡
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ϴϱأҼŶùʱһξѪȼ˵ǱصһʱΪȴҲûܴСԴһ֮ԪˣΪһ룬ҪȻҲΪԸһ׹ɥ
ɼּǱܵ˺֮أﵽһֻߵĵز
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ҵʶһ㱣һɱϢ˳澭˳֮£ڵ
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һֱȻʧɫͭǮһ½ҫ˵ûϵǣéɽҲһ죬ǰѷʬߣĩ˵ǸСҲں˸š
ƺܵҵĸȾǾһ㣬ҲͬηǿߣүУҲ˿ܹ˿ҵУһҲųʡ
һéɽ壬нζһ죬ϲǰĺдſ²ǼʬͻȻ͵һ۾ʬ嵯
үү˵үéɽԿƼپʬͬʱʬ䣬һʮֿµëʬȼҵеҲʬ巢ʬ䣬ЩʬĵȼߣֻͨʬŸʬһ΢ʬôһ
ҲѾܲˣүү˵ҲֻʬͬʱʬҲǳİëʬ
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£ҿʬͳɱ˹ȥˣܿЩʬʬһ𾪣һ࣬һӽĺɨ˳ȥҵ⡭ôܡôģ
ȥүɣҶݺݵĿţʬһϣǼʬҲͭǮȥ
žݵĻ֮̿󣬺ܿعһӾһʬԴϡ


174 ڵ
ʬԴǴӸ߿յ·ϣһ±ŸˣԽӷɽʬʣļʬéɽĲٿ֮£ɷܲĳ˹ȥ
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ͭǮȥʱæк˵ڵϵĺУģһɱţ
һͻȻǱһˣͣҲһ˿ɻ󣬲ܿǽħƣŭĿգһЩʬһΧš
Ǳǰʱ򣬼ʬѾ䣬ȫᵹڵء
ͷҵͭǮһ¾ͳĿѴ˹ȥһּֿѸ쳣ŵŽżһ棬Ʈ˳ȥҽŲͣٴǰĺеĽħҲܿ쳯Ŵ˹ȥЩֲæ˹ӵֵҺĺеķһ㳯ͷȴ˹ȥһ֮
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㲡Ҫ
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ŭĿտӦǸĺĪǣŭĿһˣĺҲˣ³һѪ֮ĺеɫ䣬ֻһ٣һ߳ųȥһ߽˼ӡŭĿһΣٴĺеڡ
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ⲻܣҲܴ򲻹һвһСӣղͽܶɱ
ٲܣȻ˶֣ˣյĽǸĴۡ


175 ɱ
̫ŲΪҲڸ£ҾҪһһ֮ض
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ĺɫʮֲ԰ףǹѪڻǰڵϡ
ˣһЩûдӸղŵ鵱лع˵ŲܹɱԼҲЩ̫ţ̫ȷʵѾˣʬǵǰ棬ѪأԴҲưԽӶǽ𲧸˳
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һܵ£ʼûĿģΪҪɱţҪݺݵĽѵһǸ죬˵صĿġ
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Ǹһ߰˲ʱһ˺ܿվҵߣ˱˵ĺУһֻŽħƣһֻǽ𲧣վԴصĴϢš
һĺվҵߣͻȻͣס˽ŲޱԹĿĶסңݺݵ˵Ҽסˣɱʦ֮𣬲죬һ죬Ҫţ
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ĺлͷһۣ˵ͷͻų׷˹ȥֻһΣҲԵ˵ϣҲû
пҲò˶٣ϵǸŭĿձļɢŭĿӦе͵ģ˿𣬸һҲԪˡ
ôһ飬ʧǵǰ
˿̣ĴԺ֮Уžֻصʬ֤һս
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ĺŬķһתͷңҪ˵һſھһѪžһصĴϢЪϢ˺һŸ˵֪һšҾͲˣҸ˵ٿǮǲˣҽҩѵġ
ҿЦһҲһл˼ˣǮ飬ٿѹûզ˵ҲǹĽˣ˵٣һҿ϶ҲҪˡ
ɵʹ࣬һһҵ壬۵˵Ϣޱȷ
Ҫ
ĺв֪ҵȴָ˵ɱˡ˵¶զ죿Ƕ˰ӣԺǲҪ滥Ӧ
⻰ңͷһǰɱˣһˣصʬ壬ָνͣ
ҵνܻ֪ܲҲС
һ뵽ұĵСܴܲҶｫֻҴ绰
Ҫ˭绰ɻ
ˡҵֻͺáûʱˡҴߴٵ
ǺȻЩ⣬ȥҵֻӻƲڴ˳


176 ֮
ҲŽֻĺен˹ҵүүĵ绰룬˹ȥ绰֮󣬾ͱ˽ͨˣǲүүһİʵιã˭
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绰Ǳͣһ£ܿصԵһ£ֳϢϽӵ绰
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ڡϳǡϲɽһ
˵ţʱһɾʹӵ֮ӿ۵һƺߣ绰͵˵ϣӾһš
ĺһæզˣ۵˵ˣ޷˸ӵ⣬ֻҧֵסϴӵɢȫľʹ
ָо׶Ĵ̹ǣ統ĺãؾ˵ĥ
ĺҲΣԼҶûʩȣֻǼͷ󺹡
۵ļʧȥʶʱ˼߿ٵʻźܿ챻ˣȺͣ˿ĴԺ֮С
ԼУҿһЩɽװ˴ӳмƷġ
ҵ߾ģһɴʹٴδ˲佫ûһͷͻ˹ȥ
ٴʱ򣬷һ䲡֮УʮֺҲʮֿ֮УֻһˣʵҲȷ⵽ǲǲ˴ͱ춼ǰ׵֮⣬طһңӻյʲôĶУڽﻹһ䡣
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Ժ￪ʼٻϷ飬ɻꡭ±ڡӤɷšĺС
Ȼ䣬ҾɱˣǸűͭǮ͸ǺеĲһ´ϣԽӶ˳
˵ӦǱھֲǣ˿ߡϾɱ˵ģأ
ĺȥأ
תͷһѾҪĴƣȴһҲܶһߵ飬ΪɱʬţξѪǱصһ¶ȼˣҲ˵ڴһ״̬ˡ
ɻ󲻽ʱűƿˡ
ܿ죬ɽװ˳˹һƣֱߵҴߡ
һ۾ȥʮˣ˵ãǰɣҽս壬ر𰸼ĸˣܸʶ㡣
˸˵꣬ߵһʮҲ΢Ц˵ãҽر𰸼С鳤ܸʶ㡣
һʱסˣر𰸼鲻үүϽĲôҲ˵үү¡
Щ˾ҵһ㣬Ȼر𰸼ģҾûʲôõǵˣԼˡ
Ҫֵģڲֻܶ΢Ц˵ǺãҲܸʶǡ
һ£ʵһǸȥˣ
սӿڵСʦѾˣһ뿪Ǹ֪һ˵бȥ졣
ģ߶˵һÿζӰȥٵģҲ֪æЩʲô
̾Ϣһʬŵ飬ЩæʵˡʬűɱˣǴôң
ս΢΢һЦ˵˵ϣһݣʬǸʮײеĽɫĴ񣬲к޹ǰЩʱջ͵ǹݵʮʬ壬ر𰸼һֱʬŵټֻƮֶʮָϳ˲ٿԱɥУ뽫׽ù鰸أͽɱˣ˵ǲӦýŶԣ
ǰû뵽СᣬֶΣǺнʮʬŶɱˣֳӣŻӣ⻰˵һ٣Ҳһ˷ܵ˵
⻰˵ҶȦˣԭΪɱˣҪܷƲõģû뵽нʬµЩ£ȷʵ˷ָɱе
Ȼɱûմʲô˾Ҿͷˣɵóһһ飬æʵʬŻһͽܣʲôģץûУ


177 ޷
£˵ɫǸС̾Ϣһ˵˵ǸСԬʬΨһͽܣССΪȴߵľˣǸеţֻϧ;ʬŵͽܣСײгԣɱ飬ӱʬŻҪ壬ǿʬŵʬ壬ϵСӿ϶Ҳһ𣬾ɳȥʮȥңˣʮ˴ҹҲûҵټӦԶˡ
Ԭ̹꣬ײУǸݽɫСˣҲһͷ󻼣ʱߵʱ򣬸һݻ˵ҪţԲ˵Ц϶ܹĳЩǡ
֮ҵɫҲȻأСӵԣȵ³϶òȥޱȵǣȾ͸СŮһ᲻
ɫãսοҵСŰģڲѾԬСAͨֻҪҳͷӵʲôطر𰸼鶼رעһҵټΧȡ׽ù鰸
ҵ˵ͷսʾ˸лһ֪⣺Сȥˣ
ʬģѲϵһҪһΡ
ʳ⻰ʱսɫֲˣ̾Ϣһ˵µĵصǶ٣ȴûҵˣǣֱ޼ŵ˵Ҳûм죬֪䣬֪ϲɽһı
ҵЩˣüͷһʵѵôˣ
ƺоҵɫÿսֵСţģⰸӿ϶ô˵ģҲڵټһԵɣ϶𡣡
ҵĵ˵ͷЩƣΪʰ죬ֽһˣԬСӣɱǣҵҲСˣԼҲ˷ˣ𱨵ĲЩòʧСӸˡ
ҺǵãܵʱͭǮ˼ǺţǲҲ˵Ĳᡣ
ӺԽԽˣʵͷۡ
ҳ˵΢ԵЩΣʱСŸ磬˵ĺأǸϹȥʱĺѾ΢ˣ鳤һ굤ұס˸ָ㿴ƣ˵㵤̫أܡܡԺ޷ˡ
⻰һ˵ڣսһۣ˵С˵ЩʲôͲã㻹
ͷѵһ仰Ҳ˵
ȴ̾ϢһЦҡͷ硭Լʲô㲻С˵ҲףҶþѪȼеʱҾûдš
սεҡҡͷοƵҵļ˵СţҲ̫ģһأֳܻ㣬˼Ϊ˵зϵƣҲҪ룬úϢˣֻҪ˻ţͻϣ
ҵ˵ͷǱʾ˸л˺һ֮󣬾뿪
ֻ֮ʣһˣﲻЩġ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôŪӣ֮ǰΪһߣϲģ˸еգǵһΪȫֿ֮ʼɼЩȷʵʧȥ֮󣬲Żϧһжˡ
Ҳڣʱûбİ취ҪôҪôֻ·ұѡ
ŴĹ⣬ҵһ㱣ͻȻǸӰ
֪־һξһΪʲôŶأ
һ뵽ҵһɽѹ
ոһܶǸоرۣ˯˹ȥ
һˣ۾ʱԱһʱһҿүӾҵߣһĿңվһˣΰƽ硣
үүʲôʱģҾŵʵ
յûáүүͳػص۾һֱңһë
ܲүүĿ⣬ֱӿżɽ˵үүҪǾĲԣôĴ򣬸ң﷢š
Сӣ֪洳㻹֪ţôûСӲͱһʬײеСҲǣжĵӣүүһըҩһ±ȼˡ


178 һֻ̤뽭
үүȫҵԤ֮УҾ֪϶ݺݵѵһ٣֪ҲΪҺá
£ҲҸүӶ죬Ҳ֪ǴˣһһСС֣ⱲӣǵһɱˣҴûû뵽Ⱳɱĵһ˾Ȼһн꣬ر𰸼Ҳûа취š
ȻɱҲͲһͶСЩ£ֻǵʱһƴҲûй˼ô࣬ŪԤеĻҪһЩһţô
ҳһүӣЩε˵Բ𡭡үү˼ҵˣΪֻһС飬û뵽ʬš֤´ˡ
Ѿ˱ϥԾûֵүӵŭһվָҵԴ˵Сӻ´Σүү㣡ڶѾΪһˣеĸͨ˶磬ˣﶼ᲻ˣСӻҾôһ磬ڳӣүүôڽ
û뵽үӷôĻҲЩˣſڱүүⲻԸһֱǶУڵˣԺУҵҲ漰Ƿǣ㲻һʼ뷨𣿡
ⷬүһµɴ۾Ӷ΢΢ָҵ㡭㡭ˣ
ֳֵͻС£ôĻСӣֵҲŪ㾳ء
ΰƽһ㰲οүүһ߿ҵСšôүү죬Ϊģ˵ɱˣҹģһһ޶ûۣүүǸ
ҴСǸƢǿүүԵʮƣӣҵҲͷƬ̣ٴ˵үүҴˣĴˡҲⲻǱƵûа취ʱʬűƵͶ·ҲеĻҺĺжᱻɱ˼ҵˡ
ү̾ϢһȻϣ۾һ֮ɫ֮󣬲Žƽ˵СŰһʼûУүүҲ˵ʲô㱻үүǣ˞ųСʴӱ٣үү˺ܴ˼гһգҷܹ⽭֮ءүүүһ㣬߳彭κνһֶĴָҲϣСԼ߳һ·Ϊṱһүүˣ񵽲ӵˣܻꣿԶƽģһӣƽǺӵװӿϲ֪жʬĽ¾޹ҪվһƬڸոһŵͳһˣܲүүʹļأ
үүأ˻ֵǾ仰ҰٶǰһۣȹΣ֮Уҵ˴ӰٶǰѾעƽˣүүеϣϣСȴүү
˵үЩ˵ȥˣۿЩ졣
Ҳү˵εҸȥ
ΰƽҲһ԰үүҵСŰ¶Щˣֳҵı£ǱУΪ乱һСȴѧһЩϲ̨飬Ϊɽ߻ʵԶǾͲ֪СЩˣһҹܻᣬа˷˵ֳЩ飬֪ˣֻǲ㣬ϣСܹԾһ㣬أֵԽԽŪһʰʬſݺὭʮֵ֣ܴ»ųǲеңүү֪Ըʬ֮ŵĶվסˡ
Σȴ֪ҵѴҪ̫Ҳɱɱңɫô˵ȥ
ǣǲҸүӶˣ˵ʲôʲôҲֻܹԹԵš
ҳĬһ֮үӱ˵ӣСӾͺúɣĶȥϵƣүү취ûʲôˣܹٵĵȹһ£ΪôˣѾһֻ̤ջȥˡ


179 
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үү۾һɣҪͷȥүү˵ΪʬžһǻһͽܽԬ鷳ӣҪɱ㣬ֵΣ
УʬڽϵͷСһϵ˱֪ɱģа˶㻢֮죬⽭ϣ˭ûѣʬҲ⣬Сɥ֮ʱүүҪ²춼ţԣСӱ뽫ʧȥûԼԼϲο˭翿Լ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷС˵ǡҵˣ޷ϣָܻǰ𣿡
ⲻ㿼ǵ⣬үү취Ǳһ˵ģ㲻õģҲᰵаֱǣйصģˣЩӦò趯֣ʬǸͽԬҪϼӷ֮⣬˵ûʲôõǵġСһʱǲðͷˣر𰸼ȫض˴һҪС׽ù鰸
үү˵ţվ˵СӰŰɣʱ䣬ʮȫҪÿȣһͣȡԼָĿһЩүү뵽˰취͹㡣
һʮȫҾЩθôû취ҪȣֻĬȻĵ˵ͷ
үΰƽҪߣȴһæ˵үүһ£Ҹ¶
үүΰƽתͷһɻĿҡ
ҺٺһЦʵүү̨֪ɽĻ۾ʦ𣿡
үү˵ͷ˵⵱Ȼ֪ˣ۾ʦ̨ɽס֣𷨸Ϊͨ죬˷ŵһ֣ǵҲָĶ֣СʲôѲҪУ
æҡҡͷ˵ҲŲУҾ֪۾ʦûһĵͽܣϣҪǺгңҹƾͱʬŸɱˣĺнһˣҲȷǲǻ۾ʦĵӡ
үүһɻתͷΰƽΰƽһ£ҡҡͷ˵۾ʦĵȷʵмڽ϶ŵŵĸɮһĵģӦǼٵİɡ
޴ôһ˵Ҷʱһĳ嶯ͺƭңʲô۾ʦĵӣŻ۾ʦͷҡײƭҲһˣҪļһʲô·
¶𣿡ΰƽʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ûˡҾôһʡ
ΰƽ˵ͷ͸үӳȥ
ֻܿʣһˣįģҲңҲǸúúԺ·ôˡ
ү˵ʬôţ棬Ҹɱˣ뽭˰ԵһսҲǸˣֻ۹ڲһЩ
ү˵취Ҳ֪¶ףҸоϣ󣬲תһ룬үӿǻĿӣôӦʶٸˣϣأ
أֻžˣ治ҿǵ⡣
ļ죬ӾЩˣסӣҶ֪ʲôط󲿷ʱ䶼һ˴ĵʱ򣬾ңӣʱһ͵ʮȫרŴɽװźš
˶Ҳʮֿǲô˵ιʮȫ֮ߣϸéޣҲҪȥоͦⲻȥġ
֪Уһ¾͹ȥˣתۼ͵˶죬ѩ׷ɵӡ
һүӶûһˣ绰ûУҸоԼ¶ûˡ
Ͼһ˵һĴԼҲָ֪ܹϣ΢΢
һÿʮȫţҵ嵹ǻָͦ죬Ѿܹµ·ˡ
żʱҲþöûϵˣҲ֪ڹĺòãûҡ
룬֮ӦǽˣĽͦãദʱ䲻̫˴鶼̫ûеĵز
ǣȴƭԼĺûʱ䳤ģʱһסԼҪ뿪ĺѡ
ʱ䣬ҲǷģСôһˣ˵ôأһ㲻ȥأ
ʵͽ˺ֵܣйĽ飬ܹٿңԼ磬СҲʯ󺣣֪ʱ


180 
ʱֹܿȥ˰£ҵ峹׻ָˣҲܹµ߶Ĵ䣬ͨûʲôһΪŴĳǿһָζء
ǵʱ򣬲ŷֵ֮пտҲʲôûУ˵ųˣоķϵˡ
ʱǿʱ򣬵֮лᴫʹ۵ȥͷ󺹣һ֮ҾͲˣҪҵ
ĵʱҾĴ䣬סĵطͦߵһ¥ӦþУҪȥߵʱ򣬾ͻᱻһЩɽװ˿ס˵Ըģҵ߶ӦүӷԸģҲ֪ΪΣֻܴǼ
˰ֹ˼죬ҷԼ˺üʱһ糿үүͻȻͳҵķһ糾͵ģʮȻҷİͷ˲٣һ²࣬үӣҲЩۣЩ϶Ϊҵ鲻ķ
Ͼӣһ߾ȫΪµӲ͵ġ
үүֻ֮ǵ˵һ䣺ߡ
Ҳ֪үүʲô˼үүӣҲҶʣֱ󣬾ͳȥ
˵ݣֱͨһ¥ǳһԺ֮УүүƲǰţԺ֮ûһˣֻſڵʱһͷڿţһ̹ӣરવĳţүЦеš
ߵſڵʱ򣬲ͷ˵үүĸүӣأ
ͷһں̣˵ͷúָ̹˵СⰡСӣ
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үүһۣ˵ү
ҿͷһۣ۾С۾һ͸Ǹи֣±Ϳĺһү
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үӸͷ˵ͷʹ߳Ժӡ
ұΪΰƽῪţǳ֮ûпүүµϳΰƽûи
ҲүӴȥģֻǸߣǿͷ˭ҲʣڵҾһСӣֻܹԹүӷҴС
֮үӴһ˽ȥ˾˵һҲ֪ʲôطĵַ˾ȻҲ֪ү˵ȿ֪ĵطָ·Ǯ˫ݶ˾Ȼֵƨƨߵġ
Ӻܿϳǣһֱߣ񻹾˸߸ڴ壬ȻһֱʱүӲ˳˾˳Ǯ
ҳ˳֮󣬷⾹ȻһƬɽҰ룬Ҵûеĵط
үӻһ仰˵žڻɽҰ֮дУɽԽ룬һСʱûЪһЪʱҲоﱻٵĿһ·ұ麹ֱð۵ɢһ㡣
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ڿסˣһʯͷ̱Ҫһ㣬ʱүתңװߡ
үүô߲ˣҴвУ˵
µʱͦģôˣү
һΣأ
һҧɣǰ߾ˣҾͲӣվһǳһŵǰߣһ˰СʱڰͲסˣʵүүȥİ
ߵ֪ˣʲôҪʡүӻһ䡣
ã͵û˵Ҵӵϼһ֦չǰѵŲ
˲СʱĹ⾰үӽҴһƬɽĸأһƽشүڲͣתͷ˵һ
仰һľ͵˵ϣʱүͻȻ־ԭ̤岽ӵĹ⾰ͷˣҷִ˴ȻƽƺƵ˷ҺүӰУһʲôˡ
Сţ£үͻȻʮ˵


181 үү
һĻҾѾĿɿڴˣֲ̿ĳȥүүҹ£ʶһ͹˵ϣţҲүӹҵǰ棬ڵȴʲô
˹һһ˷ֻˣǸһ˵ʮֻ񣬶дԣˣҲη
СкüûˣүүΪ£
ҵţԳүүүүҲҸүǵжˣүүʮˣүҲһټʮ꣬ôͻţǸˣ
ţֻǹڵϲ˵үȴϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Щһֱ洳ûʲôرҪ飬ҴүүУʵûа취ˣͶ·֮£үүүүָһ·
ŶǸɻһ£ҸеһǿϢҵϣ֮ǸŵǸҵΪɣ
үүɫүүۣΪⲻФСҵ֣ʱʽУҵϴСʢһЩǷǣڵ٣һˣЩʱͨ·Ѱƽ֮һ࣬˿ûнչȲ֮£ŹѰүүүүСҵݶϣָһ·ɣСᣬɲܾһˡ
˵ţүӽԴ˫֮䣬ޱ֣صĳմͷ
ռͻȻ֮󣬲Ŵһ̾ϢǸֵѵ㽭֮£˵һˣӦþûˣΪλҪڸϴأЩδǺõģԹӿû̫ƽһ̤뽭ɼһͨδһ¡
һֱ̻壬Ҳһֱôģ֮ԴڸСϴҲ³һǰСȥͷһֱĲлڣ֮£ŴڸϴжȹѹСһеĺòϣʤʮУʵЩϧˡүүɳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ǱһĬ֮ҸоǸĿٴҵϣ˵Сӣվøүơ
ڸ˵
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Сӣʲô֣Ǹʵ
ҡҽүү֡Żش
ȷʵе˼Ϻ񡭡
һĬҸоһ˫Ŀֶ֮ȫ
Ƭ֮Ǹŵ˵ţȷǸ֮ģϷǼģСӿôһ¶ֻ٣޸֮ʵϧˡ
үүøɣһ뾡˸ְ취ˣ޲ߣүү˼Ϊ죬ʧүֶ˼Ҳգʵ벻ʲôܹС⺢ӡүүڴ˿˵
ӣ֪ҵֶȻǶһЩеķţβ˾޿κˣСӵٵʮأûлָĿܣϷҲ޲ߣɣһͨˣδһ¡飬ϷҲﲻʲôæ
⻰һүүôͨ޲ߣûлָϣˣﲻ⻹Щʧ䣬оҪһЩˣġ
үүҲʮѹۿˣȴǲĵʵүү취ɣ⺢Ӳܾˣҵӣòײ·ʲôʶûУʲô취취
Ҫ˵ѣүүв٣үүһˣЩѴҲȥˣ⼸ʮֱչزͲ֪ʲôˣôһѣϷӦûţԵƬ̣ϷȥøһȥǣûзӾ⺢ӡ
˵УǸƮȻԶȥҲ֪ȥ


182 ȥͷ
үү˵үּմߵס
ҲЩֲ̿մͷүүҲǵģȻǶˣҲһ棬ŪôҸоʮֽţͬʱүӾţ޵ˣүүֶζүүǵʲô̶ȣղһүү˵˼үֶΣλүᣬľУҲˣܴڸҼУţˣ
תǧأЩ׵飬ĿǰͷʹĻǽҵٵ飬ֲˣǰûκô
㷲ĵ˴ԼӵĹ⾰ͻȻ䣬һƿ֮֮д˹ֱүӵǰǸֵȥҶͷֵһѦһѦҶ֮ǿʲôˣͷһһҽ⺢ӵҽ޲ߵĻ⽭֮ϣûܹȵˣӦûţϾҽ֮ӦñϷ򶮣ҲǼʮûˣλϷλϸã˵ϼһﻹžˡ
үүߵͷҲһԸſͷȻǶλүǧл
Ǹֵˡ߰ɣ⺢ӵԽξԽõĿ죬Īʱ
ڸү˵仰֮ܰɫͽȥӣطֱһƬɽҰ롣
үӽǸ˫ţϸҲչȥүŵĶһƣľƵģ׭дһС֣ĻߣȴҲǸбҵЩֻܹϵõģéɽ滹ĸ֣Ʈݣʮѡ
һʱ棬ұʵүүүүʲô
үʦƣΪ֤ݵģǸʱéɽӣÿ϶һƣ߽éɽԶһéɽӣ˭η֣үӽ͵
һ飬ղŸү˵ȥҶѦѦ˼ңҶ֪ʲôطϳǵϲɽǸطһξ㣬һ죬ɽҰĺҶƻƳϼ죬̣ʮƯÿȥǵﲻλҽĻôܻסֵط
Ȼүү˵϶ʹˣҲҶȥʡ
үүǿתͷմֿһۣҾͳȥ
үߵ·ϵʱ춼һɽ··ϵĳϡ٣ܾöһҵĵ֮ƽʱŸûʲô·һ߶ˣͻð麹˫ȷҵһһɵĴʹ
ĳһˣ˵࣬û뵽ӣԺɲˡ
ֻнϣ¼λҽϣ㲻ҵĵұͨ˵ҲУûˡ
ߵ˴·ϵʱҾѾ̱үүûлͷһۣ֪үڳͷңһʳĸо
ʵһֱиʣүүΪʲôطʼղǼһ棬ұһ·ЪŵȳĿУү⡣
ȻүȴǶһģģɵ˵⻹֪⣬Щ㵽ʱ֪ˣȻ֪
ûʣ𰸷һģǾҲǰʡ
ԼĪаСʱĹ⾰һ·үӸٿǮֱɱϳǡ
ִһϳǻ˸߸ڴ塣
һ£趼ûмҵ棬֮ȻһϲȴûϵүǸһġ
Լ֪һүӵصģЩҲʣֻæ
ҵķȻʮȫһƯĶӣͶĵ£ӲͷƤȥ
Թ֮үӾͳ˼ţ˵ǻЩҪԸҺúϢʹȥҶȡ
ôˣҲ֪үȥʲôҲֻùԹԵĻصշתߡ
Ҳ֪εĽܲҵүү˵ҽҵˣҲһκãǰ;һƬã֪úȥδӡ
̫߰ˣһĹҾ˷츲صı仯үү˵ǰ㣬һ뽭ƺȫɼ


183 ҽ
ԼΥķһֻĸо
һ֮ǰһȵĴڷУɰƮƮȥתۼ˷ǣҳһˣȲ֪٣Ҳ֪Ƕ񶾵СԬʲôط᲻ᱻСֱӴĻɢ
ڣǣҵģˣҵŮһ㣬᲻뿪ңûӣ˵ĶûС
ԼܹоӦûϣϾ֮ǰһֱסҵĵ֮УҵĻЩ΢ϵǺܹоһ䡣
ֻҪһ˿ϣҾҪȾȻԣΣһҪȥԬСӣϣһġ
ȵʱ򣬵绰ͻȻһȻǸǿСӴģԴϴθҪסַ֮ҾһֱûиϵǸطסţ绰Ҳһֱǹػ״̬Ҳ֪ˣ½ͨ˵绰ǿǱ߱˵СŸ磬ڻðɣǰʱ绰һֱͨһΪء
ûУںõĺܣڻأʵ
ǿ˵ͷͻȻɫС˵СŸ磬ȥˣ
ӦһΪʲôôʡ
ǿ˵һ£춼ûκѶҲ֪ȥҲ֪СŸ磬㲻ɱ˰ɣ
룬СһɱһͽҸɱˣԼǵãʱüöͭǮСӵϴ˹ȥʱҵķ֮ѾˣԳֲǺأҪӦҲ˵Ĳᡣ
ұ˵ûСмӸɱˣֻССѵһСӦñҴסԺˣҲ
ǿĬһʮɫֵСŸ硭СˣôţҲү׶ӣ϶ôһӣǳĻӣ潫ûˣү϶Ź㣬ԼСģҪõҵĵطֱ˵һǮȻﲻ϶٣һ
һΪжһ֮УǿļֵܣҲ֪ˡ
ֶҼ䣬ǿ͹˵绰
ҽֻһߣүϳǾǸݽɫҵᡣ
ഫǰҲʲôӪģ׹Σ֮󣬿ǰһһֱ죬ϳǵİڽɽ
ҴûмǿǶ죬֪˺ܲöԸϵӦҲʮָӡ
ǲ鷳ãҪԸң״̬ºӦԡ
үҲǳԸɷģ϶ô֪Ҳ򵥣Ҫ붯ң϶ҲõԼĽţƣܸر𰸼˶Կ
첲Զֲȣүȥҵҵ鷳
ֻǸСӣĺͷۣ֮ý³ȫǰͣǵû꣬һҪ㡣
ڿ϶У˺˵ɡ
˼룬סڵһ죬̫ƣˣܿҾԺ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬컹ʱүӾҵţҸߡ
ϴˢһ£ԺſڣͿſͣһǳϻһˣر𰸼ĸս壬һҾ͸Ĵкϳ
Һүү˳սͷ˳ӣֱҶȵķȥ
Ǵ죬ۿſˣҶȵοͲǺܶ࣬ս彫ͣ˺ҶƱ˾˳
սү˵ֳҴҶˣѦѦȷʵûκ뵵ȴһ飬֪ûа
ֱ˵áү̧ͷս塣
ҶȸһһҽңҲѦˣҶȸǳҽרθ֢ȫص˶ĽǸСĽѦСߣ䲻ʮ꣬ȴһֺҽҪٳһѦɣʮ£ڼңײƲˣǲҵ˺ս̽ʵ
үӵ˵ͷ˵ûȴһ˵ֱӴǹȥɡ
սӦһ˳źҶȸһС·ǰȥС·ǲߵģһ˰Сʱûߵս˵ǸطѾ۵Ĵ죬үȻǲҵģսǸˣ۳һԲߡ


184 ۻ
һˣһСƵãɽ괦һСӣӲ󣬿Ҳͼʮ˼ңս֮ǰѾǸѦҽסںδһֱǰ·
˴֮һͦԺǰͣԺ俴ʮֹϣ峯ʱĽשߣſڻʯʨӣҲǺľţɫ˲٣ʮֹϣЩʱĺظС
ſڻһңĸ֣Ѧҩ̡
幤ҲЩͷˣֵĺҲʮּˣѦĿһҩ̡
ſͣƬ̣սֳңǽȥưɣ
үӦһȱ㳯ԺȥҺսҲ˽ȥȥ֮󣬷ͥԺҲͦģֲ໨ݲݣЩв
ôͥԺȴûһֻмһʯ壬ʯ࣬һЩ߲֮ܲˣһЩڲҩֲ
ҵ˵ͦʡռ䣬һͷһοԼֲҩģҽҡ
߹һȣͷһͦĿ֮һңĸ֣忴ȥȴǱߣԾһ֮֡
үϸ⼸һۣɵõһ˵ôͷ
ҲԣһԵս壬ҵʲôͷսҲСĸ˵ϵдġ
һ֣Ҳֱ˭û˲֪ĩһ٣Ϸүߵĺˣ˲λãȻҰɽһСҩ֣ǶͷҵͷӦþסѦҩ̣ʵҽңֻұƳһ
룬֮Уıһӵҩӣôһ䷿һȦһµҩζ˱ǶһŵζҶҶôƣˣҲ֪ǲá
мһܴľʹ̨̨ǰһˣˬˬüĿ㣬Ϳȥиʮ߰꣬һŦ۵·ǳɫ˿ܾ
Сǰʱվĸˣһӣһźܸ̬ŮӣǵվװǱڵӡ
ӱǣ˵ѦҽɾȾҰɡ֮ǰϲ֪զģһӣҲû⣬ԽԽ󣬾ȥ˺üҴҽԺȥƣҲ˵Ǹʲôֲ֮ûκãǰʱȥ׶õҽԺҲûƳʲô˸г֮󣬹ֳ˳ǰӻ˵֢ûмֲԽԽ󣬻ŧѪţԼԲ·ˣѽܣ˵һҽרθ֢ԾĽֻҪѦҽܸκãǮУӳϣʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ͷɫżϸơ
˵ţ־ͷסӵԴҹۿӵԴתߵʱʶĿһۣ潫һӵ棬˺ôһӣһƵģ°ϣӣϸ֣ںڷϣ͹ⷢž˶ķθƤһӶŲȻž벻ԸȴҲһɶƮɢζ
һ֮˵˵ͷ˵ⲻʲô󲡣а£϶Ҫ֢ҩģǰûгһЩŹֵĶҪҪȻҲȲ㡣
һŵǰҲûгʲôŹֵĶ⵹ǳ˲٣ҲһЩҰζɽʲôģûйŹ֡
ʱǸ̬Ů˲Ҽǵ֮ǰǲȥ̩صһСݣ׽һۻߣ˳ˣһϴˣһ˳Եģһ˵óԣǳһڣ֮ûã۾ͳһӣǲǸйϵأ
˿Ǹ̬Ůˣɫ߳ʲôӣܸ˵һ𣿡
Ůϸһ£ŵӡģ߾ֻһֻ۾ŶϳһֵֻӣߴԼһ׶೤ϵĻɫ֣ɫɫͺɫ⼸ɫǻһͼһС۾Ƶġ


185 
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˵ŵһƨɾ˵ϣ޵ϡﻩ˵˵ߵ׳ǻߵߵôһ뵽ûȥ˭֪ôһˡҽһɡֻҪܻҸɶУҪǮ㿪۶
ҽֻα겻αҪ˼Ҫúõһ֮ڣóԻȣʳ֮׶ŭﶼȨҰ飬ǾԣԺ㲻ٺҳЩҰӦ֮㣬ҲǶۻߵı㲻⣬ҪΪ֮ɡ국˵
ѦԺ֤ҲʲôҰζˣԺأի𣬻һɡӹ˵ϣͲͷˡ
˰˰֣˵ѦҼȻҩ̣β˵ģԺȻȨ棬ֻǷȰ㼸ѣҲɲȻҵңⲡҿ϶ҽεģãȥ׼һЩ
˵ţ˾תߵҩǰٵóһЩƿƿ޹޵ĳӹӵóһڴתӹ̨˳
һǧл˶һ棬ȴ˸ơ
Ͳҽһ˲ɵȻ𾴣үҲһԲ˵ֻǾĿţżͷڴȻҲԵ
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ȻмλҽβˣҲóȻţֻһԾȺ
˾һߵ˵ߣ˵һ̣һ΢еۣܿͺˡ
ͷһлĻ
˴ӹ̨ϣóһҩƿӣһЩɫķĩ۾ϣȻֵһЩҩˮһСͿĨһ
֮󣬵չǸͬʱһۣɵٴξĿɿڴǰȫǴССĸֹߣм֣Сʽ죬廨ţٷ֮ʮŵҶûм˴۽硣
˺ǸɴĴǰ֮гһСȼ򣬽СϿһ£Ȼ󲻵˷Ӧ䣬һĶ͵׼õһһ˵۾ֶһҩͭǮСָɴ䣬ۻҡ
ССͣô߳ҽȷ档
ڰϵˣʼնûнһʲôûзһ㡣
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ʱ˲С۾̿һۣôһûоأ
ĹѾеĶһװֻص˹̨棬æ׼Ķ֮󣬼õĲҩͷ˹̨֮ϡ
ЩҩÿռһΣ֮󣬱ɻָסҸ˵Щãò˵Ļ͹ҵƱǡ
г˵
˺Ůһлʱ˲Ǯ飬һ֣һװˣһӷ˹̨ϣ֮һӳƱ˵Ҳʮ
һ֣֪ǸǮˡ
Ѧҽ֮ûǮ°ɣҪ١˿˵
һӵǮ˲ɫִȡһٵĳƱ˵ЩǮ㹻ˣϾʲô󲡣֮ͶѣٿǮǲҩǮҲҵѣλһɣﻹ˵ء
ѽô˼һٿǮôأҪ٣Ҿٸʮ򣬾͵ǽѣԺ˵õĵط˸м˵
Ѧҩ̵ĴһֱţʲôõŵطʱӭǻϣòλɣйأǮ¡


186 ˼ҳ
˵ţһ֣һͿ͵ļƣ˼ˣҲͲٶ˵ʲôŮһǧл֮󣬲ŴǮ뿪һһ߿Ǹҽ߷ڣҽ¸֮ġ
ǰ֮ſǣ˵λ˭Ʋɡ
ʱսǰһʵ¿Ѧҩ̵ƹѦСߣ
սһʣƺ˽䱸֮ģ´Ǽһۣҵûʲô˵ģͨһүӺս峣ڹ£һڣһ㲻Ƿˡ
үӣҪְԵȲ
£˵䵭˼֣˵ѦСߣλƲİɣҪ˵ĻǾͻһȣһûе°ʱ䣬ûʱͣ¡
Ѧҩ̣ȻƲģֻⲡЩ֣Ѧҩ̵ƣƲֵΣүǰһЦеĿѦСߡ
ѦСüͷһ壬ɫˣүԲģ˼ҳӵġ
ƺƲãֻܿ˵ѦҲ˵ʲôΣֻҪκõĲѦҾ͸ұ֤һκáѦС߻ǰгӣүӵʻȻ塣
ʱүҵļ˵Сţ͹ȥλСưɡ
Ҳ֪үү«ʲôҩȻˣȻǿͿģүӵãһ
һǺѦС˹ȥϡ
ѦСǶһۣλСֵܣɫƣŲḡЩѪ㰡
ҵͷ˵ֹѪ㣬һʱķ֫һ·죬һ͸ʹͣȥ
ҸѰѦСֵ
˳ȥѦСָͷҵ֮ϣüͷš֮ѦС߾ͽ˻ȥЩŭ˵ûذɣˡԶ͡
ҸҪſ˵ЩʲôүЦеľͳѦС˹˵ûɫƣŲḡⶼѦղԼ˵ģôֲأ
㡭ѦСתͷһүӣŭͲǲ˲˵ҲƵĳǸʲôģһߣСֵҲǣʲôӣ٣˵Ѧβãܹεú͹Ѧҩ̵ժҵϡãѦС߶һҴӴ˶ٸƲ
үӹЦ˵ˣҪѻ˵ôβòβãҳأɷһ˵㸸׾Ƶĺأ
ѦСٴδһүӣľЩ棬ػصҼҸ岻ãͣƲλذɣѦΪ
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үȴǺƢһҲǸүүǵǸéɽƣݸѦСߣЦе˵ȥƣ˵йңǲʶȥүүƣܻһʶģǾš
ѦС߿һéɽƣЩɣŲϽӡ
үɫһֵСӣϽȥƣǸߣǾԲӣ㿴
ѦС߱үϵƸסˣŴүӹéɽƣүӺܲ˵˵ģҵߣǾ;뿪Ҫ鷳ĺá
ԣϷ˵ģ㾡ȥǡүӵͷ˵
ǵţȥȥ˵ţѦС߾ǿéɽһ˺Ժ
үֱһŵеģ룬үզôгأүүһٺüʮˣ˵үӱȸүү仹Ҫ󣬹ƿͲˣ治֪жٴˣ˭ǵǰЩϻһټʮȥˣٴĶҲˡ
УҲֻڵɵɵĵţ˭ֻ֪ᷢʲôأ
ԼĪʮӵĹ⾰Ժ֮дһٵĽŲһͷѦССŽﻹǿéɽơ


187 Ѧѵ
Ҫ˵ͷҲ㲻ͷͿͱҰִʮӣ壬˫۾һͷڷ忴ЩСԵ΢һЩ˿ЩЩ޷ǣһֻϴһֻЬһֻȴǹŵģһţúܴɤʵλҵĺˣ
үӹһЦǰһһ񣬿˵Ѧҽ
˱ѦСߵĸѦɣϸһүӣžʵϿһ棿
үӵ˵ͷ˵үµĸүסںҶȰ֮ĸ߸ڴ塣
ŴԣѦɻһ˴Ϊǣ˫һֱӾ͹үүǰ˵Ѧɼ壬ʧԶӭ£ĺӲ£û棬ײ˼ң庣
ү˫֣ҪѦɲѦɱתͷһѦСߣ˵⺢ӻɵվɶүүͷ
ѦСһ㶣Ҳû׷ʲô״ϵĻ˫һ͹Ҽүӿͷ
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һ˵ѦɺѦС߸˲վѦæİǼ˷ֱ
ʱѦСߴӹ̨óһ˫ЬӣѦɵǰѦɲЩ˼˵üλ˼Цˣһéɽƣ֪й͹٣ҵЬӶ˴ˡ
ѦģʵЩЦҾѦʲôݣֵ˼еѥӭүֱûЬͳǣʵЩ֮ܳС
үүͷһۣ˵λѦ壬ǰ񣿡
վЩãȻ޴룬֪θǰ񣬵ǿͷأǾϹ⽭ϵҲ̫
ҪͿͷɣղżǸүӿͷţţҾҪڵϣ˵Ѧ塭
ѦæվһסҵӣʹáʹãҶˣûôˡ
СӣСһʵҪΪС洳˻˴鷳ϷҲ鷳Ѧңʵûа취ˡү̾Ϣһ˵
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˵ĻЩɽ֣Ҳ֪ҾξѦҵˣ˶Ǹж£нʱգմĹ⣬ڶݣλɣҲֻһţҲ岻졣
˺һ֮Ѧɲų⣬үӵ壬޾ʲô״Ǳ˶ˣֻҪѦܹģһȥ
ү̾Ϣһ˵ҼСżûжҲûˣֻԼƴʱþѪǿд߶ѹեһµ٣һˣϷ뾡˸ְ취ȥʣûķӣԾ뵽ѦңѦҽңٶǰŽҲֻܹЩҽˡ
ŴԣѦҲüͷƬ̣˵ȷǸֵ⣬ΪҪĶǱˣûʲôϣˣҽʮ꣬ҲûмܹҽõģҲ֢ķ֮ڡ
⻰һ˵ҵʱͰģˣѦҶ޼ƿʩûþˡ
үȴĵʵ֪ѦѦλүӻڲֶ֮ҵѦҲҼҸүָ㣬λҽҽͨ죬ҽꡭСӵЩ취
Ѧɫ䣬ƺЩΪѣƬ̣˵һ˲˵һǶˣֶҲλүڣһٶʮˣֻʮǰ㲻ټˣλ˼ںҶһȥŲ꣬һûʲôرҪ飬ЩҲҴǡ
һ£ѦֵȻҵĺңλ˼Ҳ᲻ġ


188 
˵زˣǾûɶ˵ˣѦ˵ҪȥҶȥλӵǡ
£սѦСڴ˵ȺҺүүѦͳԺţֱһɽҰȥ
ϾղѦҲ˵ˣλҽŲǲˣȻȥԽԽãսǸүæģ϶ȥãѦС߲뿪ҩ̣˵ͻʲôţڿҩ̡
ԣֻѦǴ·
ѦЩһɽС·Ͽ첽ţһ߸˵λүŲѾʮˣ֮ǰЩ²̫ƽ̣λүһβۿ̫ƽˣЩ徲ӣЩųӣҽȫãһ֢Ҳ㲻ʲôҺСȫܹӦҪҲλүҲЩûмˣǵġ
˵䣬Ǿһɽȼ䣬ɽȼһСֻݵһͨж룬Ⱥ˽ȥ
߸ɽС֮һƬڣѦɫ˵λͣһССķү˵ⷨҵ˰æµģСȴдãһǲаǾ߲ģҸߣϾܽȥ
˵ţѦɾ˼־ǰ˲ӣ岽ϽУˡҺүҲĲǰߣ֮󣬾ͿһƬİ˽֮ԺǰӣǰҰͱĿ
һƬ΢͹ɽڣܱѩǣڼ׿ĵطһԺ䣬ԺӲڶ𣬱Ȼסĵط
ѦǰһָԶǴԺҼλүסĵطˣҴλȥ
˱첽ǸطȥвʱۿžͿҪʱ򣬰·һͷͷһϾɵ·ϴķףͷϴһñϱһﻹһѲӣӲ泯߾˹
ͷŸһũͨͷûʲôѦһӭȥһ
ʱǲ׹ѦɵĸҲס
ͷҺүӾĿһۣƺЩܲ˵˵ɶ˵ҪƬɽЩ꣬Ѧҵˣط
ѦȴЦ˵֪ǲˣҵĺˣ
һ⻰ͷеĲӶһԣͳ߿첽˹ס´
үһ֣˵ҺѦϸ硣
ѦүүҲ˵
ѽǹţԭҵĶˣ룬ȵȲ衭
ͷֱһһٰʮȵĴת䣬æүӵ֣ʹǳǸСԺ˹ȥ
ߵСԺſڵʱүӱ˷ܵĳԺﺰλүүǿ˭ˡ
һ߽Ժ棬СԺеһéݴСͤ˿λ׷ԲԵͷһ塣
ͷӲߣӡͷüëȫǰ׵ģرݣ˵䲻ĻѾ͸ϺƵĶéͤ档
һ˵ͷƵתԴһʼλ˻ЩͷӣǿҺү֮󣬶ʱϾ͸ֳһĨ˼ɫ
˼ͬһʱվӣԴһȣͳҺү˹
Ѧɺæ˹ȥλ̬ӵ˲סˡ
ܿ죬λ˼ҾߵߣֻүүһۣĿҵϣ˼Χת˺üȦ˫۾ϲͣĴš
˺һֻ֮һ˲˵ѽ񰡣һģ̳һ㡭
һҲǰһۿϷΪءһϴˡ
ͷ꣬ͣҵǰ۾һֱңһڡ
ʱҲŷ֣λ˼ҶЩ΢΢ж⡣
Ҳ֪Ϊɶ˼ҿ֮ôἤӣ˵Ļɽ֣Ҳס
Һݼλǰү̹˵ϣصĸλ˿ͷ
ҲʶĹȥλһ˿ͷ
ɡֻǿⳤʹˣ϶ҵֶһʮ˵


189 Ż
ҺүүվӣһͷߵߣҵԴ̾ѽʱۣ׾Թ϶һۣһټʮ궼ȥˣǶѾϼһҵﶼһСˣඡඡ
˭˵ءǵһμʱҲСһʱѾʮ˵ˣǴӴ˵оȳʦϼһŻ˽졭һͷҲ˵
˵һҲҲ֪һټʮǰҼү羿ξȵλүӣǵһֱж¡
Ժվһλ˼ұҵ֣˽ȥǽүүһԣЩܳĸо
һ˽֮ӳı֮аڷŵļŻмŻһŰ۵ĹˣһȣǷһ˶ĺ챦ʯŴǺˣܸоϱߵ壬滹һС֣ҴԿһۣɳϵҲֻ֪ϡ
ɳϻһˣһͷģˣϱһҩӣŴֲһ˫ЬüĿģͦͨһеĴ硣
ɳϻұߵǸˣҿһ۾סˣǸͿȥҲͶʮ꣬һɫĵۣһѱǱ֮ԿŸַģԼһ״ļϣһֵֻĺӣͷ죬ȥʮֻ֮˵Ǻӳ֣ΪǺӵ۾Ʋɫüë͵һ͸ֻ۾Ƶġ
ϵ꣬һʶĸоȥ죬ϸһ룬ξѣüĿоʮҿ⻭һվӵĸо
һʱ䣬סˣĿβȡ
ʱһֻҵļϣһ飬һͷһ׷ͷеһЦеĿҵСӡǻϵ첻
Ҳĵ˵ͷ
ͷһЦ˵ǾͶˣǵү磬Ϸʱרһ߳ĻʦүݻѾһˡ
ŴԣҺүүһүүһѣүүĻǰĿ˼ͷվ
ֵͷ϶Ǹүү˵ѦѦλҽˣֻҲֲ˭˭
ͷλ˱ǸԷֱˡ
ĹѦɱ˲ˮǵǰ
ˮһ򿪸ӣһζ˱Ƕûסһڣʱθޱ泩ǰȹүү칫ҵĲˮ滹عǸȵĲˮȣֱˢˮ磬һʱҲ˲󣬶˼ʱƮƮ֮УⱲӶûкȹ˺úȵĲˮ
һͷҺ˼ˮǺЦªʵûʲôдģֻϷֵһЩҶպźȰɡ
һֵĲ裬ȻҲǷƷҸүү˵ҽˮ˵ҲٵĹЧҪȻҲܻһٶʮ꣬ȻҪȼġ
һǲų⣬һ΢ߵͷʵүôҵģ
үүһ֣˵ǰүүָҵ˴ģдţλүӼ¡
ͷ˵ͷ԰ͷ΢΢Цϼһڻðɣö궼ûмˡ
϶λүӵĸҼүͦõģһֱڱչУЩûгɽˣҲ׼ҲҴţҪ£Ҳ˼ңѯʶλүүסүүһһ۵ػص
ʱʵ̲סһõ⣬ҲǼǸүү֮һֱڵɻǱλүүһʲ֪òʡ
ͷЦеĿңǸԸһͷԼһ㣬ûʲôʲʵģɶֱ˵ͺá
ҿһߵүүƺЩˣЩɣһʵλүүǼүΰǵģôȥˣλүүүһֱ
˻һڣλ˼ҵϵЦݶʧˣүүһˣǳҵСţʵĲҪʣﻹû˵ķݶ
ϣԸһͷȴ˰֣˵ҪС⺢ӷЩҲûʲôʵģȻС֪Ϸ͸˵˵Ҳ޷


190 ôֶ
ŴԣҵĲɵӣλүӡ
ͷˣǸԸһͷǰͷ˵¶˵أ˵
˭˵һģ¶Ǹ˵ɡ԰һͷ˵
һ£ǷˣԭǸһͷѦһǵܵܣѦ
£Ѧ̾Ϣһ˵ⶼһټʮǰˣĿװʱҺ͵ܻܵһĺͯʱ򣬾ͱһ°ߣһʮֶ񶾵ĽֶΣͿһֶҩˮȻֻϰźƤǵ˵ϣһǵͷǶҩˮͺƤ֮󣬻ǵһֱһ꺢ͯģǵͷΪ˲ſ˵
˽ֵ˻Ūֻӣÿձȥͷգв˳һͨǱЩɺӣշת˴Ĵأһֱ˺Щ꣬һ꣬ǱЩ˴һǵĵطɾү磬˼ĵƣʶЩ˵ļϳɵİƤ˺ǳͷ֣һȺ˴ڵأҴǵ˲졣
岻ǽֵ˴Щ˵нȳһλʱҽҲǵʦѦ󣬽˳Ѧҽŵ˼Ǽ˵ˣҲܹӹŹʱʦ֣ϵĺƤֻͷǽˣԴ֮ǲʦϤĵǲ𽥻ָ˵ģ
˵Ѧָߵһ˵ˣҼҶʦѦҽʱֵ֮Ǳһֱ˼ңѧ˼һҽ
ǻ˹ȥǻϵ˳ͨͨû뵽ҽȻ˳뻯ܸ˽ϵͷͷϣҪͨ
⻭ϵˣɵȻ𾴡
ͬʱλ˼ҵıҲΪ֮𺳣һͱ˰Ƥ˺ǵ˶Һү磬ҪȻǻǲ֪Ҫһʲôأүһˣϻ£񸣵ɣҲǸúúøлүˡ
ˣҲѦΪζ˾أүѦȷʵ֮ͬ
ֿмǸʵŰӵǰ˭أ
ǸѦ˵ǵʦүҲʦĶʦΪˣ置Ǹ˲õĴʦɳϡ
֣صĵ˵ͷ겻ѣһټʮǰĽǴ֮ȻôԨԴ
Ĭһֿ֮үүѦ˵Ǵ˴ι϶ΪС⺢Ӱɣ
үվϹϾ˵λүүҽһ۾Ϳ˶ߣΪСģһ֮ǰС洳˻һʬŵĸֶ֣ƴؾѪ߶ѹեɾһǱܣµ٣еĸΣֻѰλүү֮£ǶλүүҲΪĻûܹȵˡ
ү˵ĳϿңΪ
Ѧүȴ˰֣˵˵ҪľԵ֣Сŵ飬ȻҵϼһǱصʩΪıˡ
лλүүˡ˵ţүүٴϡ
Ƭ֮ѦүֿңҰ˰֣˵Сšƣ˵ʲô̶ȡ
վͳǶλ˹ȥ
ѦһѾץסҵӣݵָ΢΢һɿˣüͷЩ΢΢תͷߵѦүӵ⺢ȷʵ˵ĲᣬѹեɾˣǲεĻͨ˶磬ͬһ㣬Իʮꡣ
ѦҲüͷ˵硭öôֶˣֲֵָ
ʦһҽѧڸˣʮ뷨ֵѧһ룬ֶ˵Ҳʮûжùˣ񱦵ϣֵһԣѦֵ
ǿ϶Ҫˣʮ룬ЩûˣЩ֣Щյģһһ룬СӶɡѦҲ


191 ʮ
λү˵ҵܹĳȥ±λүүǣѾˣһûʲô˼ˣҲްԹԡ
Сӻҵ֣뵱ҲƢֻǸСȣ廹ǱСһɻ龢Ҳգղײգϼһ㶯ָѦЦ˵
Ѱգһжʮ˳
˵־Ͷ֣ͷͷԸˣѦɺȥæ׼һЩλ˾˺ݣҲ֪ȥæʲôˣǽҺүү˴˴
ԼĪһСʱҵĹ⾰Ѧɱ˹˵׼Ĳˣھ͹ȥ
Һүӵ˺Ժһ䷿ʱͿһϴľͰںðһɵҩζľͰ
ѦҪѹ·ȥǴľͰһСʱͨһ¾һ롣
ﶼһˮүǣҲûʲôúߵģһͷľͰ֮С
һȥʱľͰˮ̣Ǹտһ㣬ҲһִľͰĳȫǽ˵Ľࡣ
ǲһֻ־ҵԴϣѦͨǱһؽڣҲҪţұݹһСʱĲҩףүӻıСӿɱ˷ˡ
Ѧ˵ŽҪ˵壬ֶ׽ǹ̵ľͰ֮Уһʼ϶ǲӦǹ˴Լ֮󣬾͸оôˣֹ˰Сʱңָо֮ǰΪþѪ߶סľֻչ˿ܹоһĪϢ͸Ƥ͸ҵʮֳ⣬Īľһֻ˯ĸо
Ǿ͵ҿҪ˯ŵʱѦȴ˯Ҽоҩɢ֮С
һСʱǹȥˣҴҩͰʱ򣬻һƬ죬ⲢǹؼؼͻȻһЩƣ֮жʱһɨա
ΪԼĵҩͰһݻָǵʱ򣬶ʱһɴʹڵϣҲûбֳ±ү𱸣ֻҧͦţòŴ״̬лָ
ģѩվһҲ䡣
һײǰ棬бѦһ䣬ȫľľ֮ϰڷŴССʽƿƿ޹ޣмǧۻңڹԱߣվѦѦλүӣǰ˿һòƵżż˰С۾üëУȥżϣ룬Ǵһ㣬һҶۣһҲҪǸľżһ㣬ȫɣ
㱯ߵţͱѦ˼ҵǰ
λ׷ԲԵ˿һۣѦүӾ͵Сӣղǲǿˣ
Ҳⶼˣ治ҽ
ǰҲ˵ٻ˵ͷ˵ղҩͰһоͨ˲٣ΪҺءԾԼһ¡
Сӣôɵ¶˵Ĳ𣿡үүŭ
ҵͷȥ˵ѦүȴģҲûʲôϵֻǱʮ֮󣬾򲻿ˣɹĻҪ߶ʮһȫָʱ򷽿
ѦүֵСţɣϷҪˡ
ҿԶһŴ󴲣˹ȥ˴ߡ
үһӾͳ˹
óһС裬װһЩ͸ճҺ塣
ѦүҲûҴһкֱֽЩҺͿĨ쳣Ҳ֪ʲôоͦŤġ
ϲЩҺ֮ѦүӾʹǸǸȫǸ룬ֱΣͷƤŷ飬үӳһʮ׳룬һ¾ҵСϣ̧ͷһҵţôһ룬ȫ˽ȥʱһɴʹӵȫֵģʧȥֱ
µڶʱҾѾȫû˸о͸벻ϵһ㡣
ʱһһţϵԽԽ࣬гж̣˼һϣһ˸ϰ룬һ°룬һոսȥһ־롣
һ˶ʮʱǵٶȾʼգû˵һ仰
үүѦԼѦĸҲԱվţĿתĿλ˼ϲͣ롣


192 ʯͷ
ҷ֣λүȻҽƺҲߣʱ򣬻Ὣע֮ϣȻŽҵϣÿһ붼һ˿
뵽ʮʱǵٶȻԽԽʱ룬ͣСʱŽϡ
֪УɫѾ˿ҵѾ˺Щ룬үҲƺ۵ĹǺȫȺѦɺϵһֱͣĸλүӲλˣһüͷʱ˻ͣãŽ롣
ʹڵһȥ֮ҾȫоˣʱޱÿһӶǼ尾֪Ϯһͷ˯˹ȥһ˯˲֪ãѾ̧ͷһϾȻ룬һԭδΧҵߡ
ҵţһҹʮ뻹ûꣿ
ʱ˯ĴΧļһֶۣһƣ֮ɫ
ѦѦλ˼ңӿȥЩҡҡ׹ʮĿҾ治һɵĻơ
ʱλ˼ҾվҵߣѦүһʮ׳룬ԵѦү˵һˣܲ⺢ӵĵָǰĻͲ⻭㾦һӣһӦʲôѨλ֮ϣ
Ѧүϳİ׺ӣšüͷ˵ҪȻѨɣѨǾ֮ţص֮һ棬ָܹϣͦġ
Ѧүȴҡҡͷ˵ϷǾһӦڹԪѨϱȽϺãԪѨ澭֮Ѩ֮ͨ󣬶ԺдкôҪ͹ԪѨɡ
һǾѨȽϺãѨɡѦүҲҡҡͷ˵
ҵĸ񰡣үӵǰʮһ붼ˣͲһˣ糬īˣԼܡ
ЩҽĶҲֻܹԹԵţһүүѦɵ˸ǲ岻죬һ鶼ʮּȴλ˼ҵϡ
Ϊһ뵹ѨǹԪѨϣλ˼˰Сʱûиҳһź
ֻȺȴҳһ亹
λ˼ִ˰죬ûн˷ųһУ˵Ҫ⡣
Ϊ˵ġ⡱ʲôķţ˼ҾȻԺһȻСϷʯͷ
ҵĸ񰡣
զ˵ҲһʻǾʯͷҵˣ
ҿǶѦдģǾʯͷҿЦô
һҾͿܹҵˣܲһ׸ӣ¸СʲôģҲʯͷһɣ
յĽѦүһѦүһðɣѦүʤ
ʤѦүӹЦ˵ľһСӣ˵Ѧү˵Ѧˣ˰ӣҪʤӮ
ѦүϣֱǸʮ׳ͳ˹
ƵĿүүɫҲ̫ÿһһģҲǱͯˣôҪһ飬ȻҪʯͷδЩϷ
үӼѦҪ֣æЦ˹˵үү¶ǲǻҪؿһ£֪ʮ벢ǵеҽһһ˿Ĳ˲ȲпܵжСҵӣҪˣûΪڽ
Ѧүһۣ˵ôСӲϷľϣ
үүεһЦ͵¼ܹԽλүүҽ˿϶ûеģûб˼öλүүصĿһ£ҪȻλүүһ
ûûֵղ˴ûһоͿɣϷӮˣҵ˼׼û˵ţѦе;һӾҵĹԪѨϡ
ĿǸʮ׳ҵ֮УΪһǰЩһʹһȥ֮󣬶ʱ۵һ鴤Ĵ̹ǵۣͷһҺԴ죬ǰһڣ˹ȥ
֮ǰүүľСšСŰ
ҾҲˡ
ǵıλүӸ滵ˣһۼǵʱ򣬸оӡܲģȫһ˵ģû뵽ôףʯͷ
ڻȥһ̣ﻹ룬ҵǲҪˣ֪ˣҲ粻


193 ԪѨɻ
ΪʱԼҪˣǵһ⴩͸˴ůҵϵʱһ۾ʱһŴϣϵ붼ˣһʱϵ·ҵʶѵģȴûκ֪Żһ壬Ƕˡ
ʱĵһ뷨ǣ군ˣүӲûбҳһֲˣǸͱˡ
СšСˡһϤҶ
תͷһͿһɣүүĿתĿңҶһ޵ĳ嶯ү˳ȥҵĻߣָ˻ȥ
ʱүٴνݣѦѦүӣͷЦеľͳ˹
Ѧߵҵߣһ¾ץҵ֣һַȥٺЦҾ˵ǹԪѨôûɣ
˵ѨڻءѦһ˵
үүʱ̲סСʵλүүС⺢ӵôˣ
аɣǿǻָˣʦǹʮҲǰ׸ģСӶȹѹҪģȻ֮ܶ󣬱֪ˣȵ߶ʮһ֮󣬱ɻָ磬ҪһЩҪΪСӵãŴʣ뵱̹꣬ǧˣٶ֣޸ҲʮǿȻһǰˣǿ˵ĹȥѦүЦеĿҵ
һԣүүʱϲЦտѣ¾͹ȥλ˼ҿͷޱȳϿҵ˵лλүүСһΣҪȻ治֪ˣΪԺõĵطصȫԸǣ
ѽ⺢ӣ솪µģǿͷǰлֹߣŪ֣ѦҺһֱûǵĽ죬˵⺢ˣҪҲӦõġѦүɫ
⻰˵үүһ죬վԥһŵһҪλүүģλүү֪ڹţÿ칫ҪΪС⺢ӣѾ֮ˣ¼СѾָƣҲ͸ȥæˣԺСŻҪ࿿λүүϲǡ
˵үүҪߣҵͿһ£ѵүҪһôزģ⻹Щϰߡ
үүҪҸһ߰ɡ˵
У廹ûлָܶʵţߡүүϴʾܾ
СӾܷģæȥɣ˵̫ƽЩаͼҸȼ뵱꣬Ϊ˶ԸЩаˣûջ˼ҵĴ֮£Ǵа̳׽ˣ𽭺ʱĸɲ֪֣ǿǳ˷ͷġѦүӸп
ǰľˣҲˣһμ˼һʮǰԴһ֮󣬾ҲûмҲ֪˼ҵ׻ڲڵĻҲҪһʮˡѦүҲһп
ҷ֣λүһү磬ֻ۾ͷŹ⣬һ嵽ͶصĸоҲ֪λүʲô춯صĴ£
һټʮǰĽʲôأǸҳļΪƵүָһˣĺ֪
Ѧүүүļĳ˵̫үүǸһΪ˺ëͣ岢Ϊéɽ˫ܣ۳ҽ𣡶̫үү··߰ڵҪ̫үү࣬Ϊ㲢һˣΪ͢£츣ĺ飬Ĵ峯ӹ޵ֽĳ͢ϷŻûе𣬰Ҳҵ˵ϷҲڳ͢£ĳ͢ԱƲ̫ҽְλֽѦǬԺϷҶ㲻ǵҲҪӦǡ
˵ţλ˼Ҿͽүүͳӣʣһˡ
λү˵Ҳ˼һһ͢һһ̫ҽģⶼʲôˣƺ
Ҳ˵ĹȥλүӶһٶʮˣǻŵǸϷүƻû̱ӣǵ뷨һֱͣǵǸû뵽ǣѦүӵӾȻҲڹš


194 ҩ
үү֮һ˹ĴĲζ
ڶ죬ѦС߾չˡ
˵ʵڵģѦλ˼Ҵһһ治ϰߣϾһͣҲ֪˵Щʲô˵ʮ־н
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ѦСߵͱҴ꣬ͬһʱˣи˵ˡ
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ʵҶǵҽһҲͦȤģҩһЩ⣬һ˵ҽβС۷Ź⣬ϲ˵ͿʼżĴѧϰҽʲôݸĿҩʱѾˣʲôҩװƤñһţ֪ʲôҩ
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ɣ˷ǣһˣܶ鶼ΨһģЩҪЩȥ
һʼǻ죬һܶģҲֻգգ۾ͣҲ˶ѡ
ÿ죬ѦС߶ιû뵽ǣҲʮȫħһĶ
ʮȫҪүүĻҪϸ˺öֵĶӣҾ׽ЩѣÿѦС߶ǽҩĶõӸҸɺССһ飬Ż͵ҵ
һ˶ҵչ˿˵΢ȫǸж
֮ҵָ֪ܹӴµˡ
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ﰵţѦҶдԺˣѧһ£һҪүһػ壬ܵκ˺
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һǳ˽ѵʮʮһ֮ǲǿˣԶԣһһεٱһˣһӶٻָ
תۼ䣬¾͹ȥˣʮһ죬ڵڶʮʱүӾҷ䣬һЦеӣ۰ϧʮִ顣
ѦүӿҵСŰʮһѾȥˣǵڶʮ죬һԣܹܲ
үӵĻ˴ϣָԴſգϵë΢΢ſոոܵ˞ųһɱϢ͸ȫëʽҵֹƬ̣ǱϢԽԽֱӿҿտյĵʮֱֳͣĸоҴûģɵ۾һϲĿλˣ˵ҿˡұǰҪҾҵͻȻ࡭
Ѧү΢΢ЦͶˣֵЩһֱæŸ޲壬ҩЩʦҩʸүҲȥˣԺֶ߽һرϡ
˶ֵʱӦĻɲϴ߶ΪãԼһֱھ״̬£֮бΪѦүҲ˵
пϲⲻǸֱӾǸһһµģ൱ڸһưصСһֵķһ㣬ܲϲ
ѦүӺִܿҵֻСڵʵЩã뵱꣬үʱΪҪǿϰٱֹСӰԺҪúУɲܸҶ档
һΪҵΪںܲأԭүĲྐྵȻô
ţҾѦү˵ѽҲ֪ôģΪβһΪı´أ콣˺ϴ辭СѧһֽĽҲǸ˲õ


195 ׺Ľɫ
콣˺ϴ辭ӣҼȤǵҪϸʱλ˼ұ˻⣬ƺôش⡣
һкܶҲ֪ܣȴһһҿ
Ȼ˶ѾˣұʱҪ࣬Щ˵ȥˡ
ңԴĵطҲǲϰߣҲ˵ûѣֻźŶղÿĵطûУʵǰ죬ҵľͷɵ硣
Ҿ͸λүӴУ˵滹кܶҪȥҪ뿪طλ˼Ҳм٣Ҳңֻ˵ط˿϶סԺ洳ҪС£ҪҼҰү鷳Ȼ֪˵طԺͶ߶ѦҵĴԶΪҳģԺʲô鷳ҲĨӣֱӹͺá
ĳλүʮϲ󱲣ҸҼү糤ЩԵʡ
ߣ϶顣
λ˼Ϊ˸ûٻ˼˺ЩҩҵϣҶҲǸм
ҵһֹУΪԺڽϴһʵĺܣԺˣǻɶλɰүӣһڣǿ϶˵ġ
Ǳλү֮ҾѦСߵүүѦͳССԻֱӳŴȥүӾ͵۴ûͣҲ䣬˵ڳ֮ϣһֵܽѦǬҽ߳רŸ͢ԱƲʲôѴȫæһ绰룬ʵҲҶҲһġ
ǧлһ뿪˴˴ͳѦСߵǼѦҩ̿첽ȥ
ָ֮һɣ·Ѿʮ֮ǰ·۵ӣЩף̶Щ죬Ҿǻһˣһε̥ǣһĸожôһǸܲġ
Ĵû³·ƮƮģСʱҾߵ˴Ѧҩ̡
ȻҪߣܻҪѦСߵģЩ춼չңֵ֮ĸͦܵģһ߻Щ᲻ԣòԶܹʱ档
һԶţҾͿѦСԺһڽԺֲĲҩһ̧־ͿңٺЦСţ嶼ˣҾ֪ҸүǱߴס϶Ҫ
Ҳ˼Դ˵С߸˽ңǸеġ
ѦС߽˵ϣ֣΢Ц˵оΣ
صĵ˵ͷ˵ȻǺõĲٺˣܹɵҾҵΪ˲˲١
ܲ𣿾Ϊ˸СѦҵļҵ׶챻Ϳˣ֪ΪСӣǼҶص鵤ҩЩʦĶѦСҵ
߹ȥסļ򣬺ٺЦôţЩҩˣ
ۣһأУҵôСһٳѦСתͷҡ
һ˵ҶʱȤһ´ʵѦС߳ͦ˧ģһװ˵Ĵ߸ĶŵģֻǿЩʵܸ˶ִܵ⸱ӣҶ֣
ҽңҲңһѧҽĸӶ֣ǲҴ
С߸磬ôһҴſˣɲÿҺٺЦ
веģԲ֪ˡѦС΢ЦţһƣһһĴֲ˲ĵƶȻ
һǲףԭѦСҲһߣһûп
һٶǰ߽УӦöһЩֶΰɣǸҵ£ı»ӦеģѦҽҲһߣһЩͽǡһ룬ѦС߶ŵҲͲΪˡ
ҪҽһҲֻӦڵոջָѦС֡
Ҳڿ˼ƣһվѦС߾˹һɾ磬һУҲ֪Сӹ治һ׺Ľɫǹģװģȭͷȭ磬϶ЩʹǴϣ϶ܲˡ
Щˣûз±Ƶ˼ҷһЩߣСӵֶκǱϴϵֶЩΪϤġ
ź˼֮ͷӦ˹ѦСߴһš


196 Сˣթ
һʮظûзֳʤѦСԽսԽ£ǷҪֳһߵʤɣֶΣû֮ǰѾˣΪиȣǴСͿʼеģڲһˣҵĵͣתܹٵĻһֲȱ͵״̬ǿֵܵס
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ҿҵľѧǿ϶ǵģǾơ
Ҿͱ·ȭΪƣƣƴƷСӽף͵һƸҶƴƣʵ󾢶ӿһƶƴȥһɰԵӵ֮ӿֳע˫֮ϣҿѦСɴ۾ֱ˳ȥһƨɾҩǽһǱ
ѦСҿɲʹȫҲɵţ´򲻵Ծͼ˼ڽСӴڵء
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һǻ˵ãʱ֫Ҳ᲻ӸƵḻ̌˵ϡ
ãмˣСˣթ
˵õĹУСӾȻŶصЩ˵
ѦС߶ʱ֣ͣ˫ֳ˹ָЦеģ˵û˵һ仰ôթ߽ʲô˶ԺʹĽɫǸһֻ֣֫޷ѣǺݽɫųĶҪģѾˣ
˵Ļһϵɫɫʲô˶УʹҲѦСǸһѣԺҾͻöĵˣʱֵΣ
һүԹһֻǧôٶţӦҲŴүʲŶԣΪĶͽҷŵأ
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ǵӣǷǷģҲΣֻÿధ߸硭ҵ׸簥Ͻĸҽⶾͦģ㲻һֱôŰɣ
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ʱһŲͳ˹һˣʱĻŭţⲻѦСߵĵѦô
СӣϽСŽⶾ˵ǼҵĹͣҿСҪִˡѦү˵
ѦС߱ѵԴߵǰóһСƿӷұ棬һš
ҳѦСߺٺЦ߸磬㲻һôҪȻĻ
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Ѧ˵ͷѦСߣ˵˵СӸ˭ֲãƫƫҪСŶ֣Ѧҵ£ǸСѧģܴĹϹ֡
ѦСߺϵֻɵЦ˵ҪһؼңҲƵľʹ˳
ѦСһֱ͵ҶɽµƱ˵ֱͨϳǵĳ˼ٿǮҴ򳵻ȥһߣһЩò


197 лɢ
޲ɢ֮ϯٲҲҪ뿪ģһ¶ûлؼˣҲˣۿҪˡ
ϳ֮ǰͻȻһ飬һֺõĸѦС˵С߸磬ղ㽫ŪĻûҩʲôҩﻹûˣ
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ѽС߸磬㿴ϵ𣿡
һӣͲʲôˡѦСһ˵
ȥˣбô
һε˵Ͳɣ͵ˡ
ҹװһӣתҪߣѦСֺסңҵȵȡ
תͷסҪЦ飬߸磬ɶҪԸģ
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һѴлɢı⣬˸߲ҵ˵С߸磬ͷһٸģѦҵļҽϣҲһģҼүӻڹŰµģҺΪ
ѦСߵ˵ͷһ˻֣ҽлɢװãţһԺʲôҴ򲻹ĻⶫһóҺΣ
һѦңһ׬ˡ
ѦС߸ֱ֮Ӵһֱ߸ڴ壬ʱһڻͷţѦСһֱվһֱĿ뿪ҶȣͻȻһֿĸо
صңѾˣʱæڼһ֮Ȼʮϲһ꺮ů
ʱ䣬ѦţԵĺ˯㣬ÿոִ󲹣ǳ˲١
ȥֻøһѣ˵Ǳүүʡסһʱ䣬ſˣͻص˼
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ڼִ˼죬ȫǱҪˡ
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׻˵ĺãһˣһţǿƢͶȻҲܸ⼸λСһƬҹϲ󣬷֡
ǵȥʱҲҹһ㣬Ӻ˾ƷƷ裬ȥһͷôʣһۣһȥˣһ귢˺ܶ飬ҼҴһͨ˳һߣӴҾ̤һ½磬ӴƽԶ޷Ӵ顣
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ÿһһֻ̣˲ܹᣬ֮һҹҶԶѩˣһһ㣬ĬĬĿţֻʱҲŻܵһĹ¶
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ҷʼһƸеˣһ飬͸ٹ̡
үүæûлصֻ꣬ǴҴҴһ绰һҵ״֪һлָ֮үӾ͹˵绰֪æʲô顣
ÿ궼Ұһȥϼ棬ҲһȥˣÿһͷǰĿͷλү֪һ¹ڣ
λүһϴҶ˼ҵľϽˮӲ
ʱǹĺܿ죬С־ǿֿѧˣҲȥ˰࣬һ¼ҹ˶ԴڼǲӦҵɣǰʱǸСӺҶеĸһˣǲǸøҪһ˵أ


198 ү
ȻүһҲҪǣúУҾʲڶҹ£Сʵ̫ɺޣǵ˽˶ԹûжޣֻҪ˵һҾͻŹǲҵǸҲˣԺɾˡ
СرޱȣɱְɱңʬźǸ񶾵ͽҪҵҪأǴңҪĺйңѾˡ
ҼȻЩҿԼ̣һҲòҪʸǾҼȵȥˣ
ҴͬŮһ㣬ԬСӵУҾ죬ԬʲôطֻҪϽȻңһеһУҶԲȥƽϣϾʱҲͭǮϴ˼ۣҲû
һ꣬Ҿһֱ飬ȻҲˣȴ֪ʲôطܵ˺ȴܲҾͲĲ֪Ӳ
һȥҴ˵ûٸǶˣϾһߣ۸ЩͨҲǲõġ
ڹʮԪڵĵڶ죬׼ȥϳүʱһ벻˾ҵҼҡ
˲ˣǸǿϰҼңҸеǳ⣬ʱһոµıۣźװ£Ӻó˸Ʒ˲¹׵ģüӣһ΢ЦľܵҼˡ
ڶ㲻ϲ̸ᣬ׻˵ֲЦˣҲܽϳš
СһĺҾү˵ǹʱæûüҰ꣬ǸҰݸˡ
ҰöڼңҾͽСӴ˼Сӵͦ¶һž麰Ұӵģ͹Ͽͷ꣬Ұһһ㶵ģôʶôһǮ
ʵҴʮüֶ꣬ӶʮˣŪİܱŤҲæŸ赹ˮ
ɳϣϰ壬ʲô罫㴵Ҽˣ
ʵҾСҵҼ϶¶²
ȴ˰֣ٺЦ˵˵ﻰû¶ҾͲܵү￴ˣǰûչңҲþүѣԾ͹ţԺӾүҹ·Ҳֿˮȡ
˶ȣֱӿżɽ˵磬ʲôֱ˵ǱĨǵģǸʹˣϲƵ飬Ҫʵûб飬һЩҪæͲܶˣν޹»ЩʹȥɣˣҲ㽻ѣ֮ˮԣôصĶ
ǺٺֱЦ˵үҾϲʹ쾢ⶫˣûûȥĵ˵ˣⶫֲ͸үģ͸尢̵ģҲҵһТģ𣿡
СӲǸϽ˰ֱӽƽȥˣһԶԣ£վߵߣɫ磬û飿
ʱ֣ҲЦеվ˵˵һС¶˵̫㣬ܲܽһ˵
Ҿ֪¶Ҫ˵ҾͿ첽˳ȥԺ棬ŻζһҲ˹һķⶼЦӡ
ɶ¶˵ɣʹҵ
ЩִٵĴ֣ͷһһڣǸһƤӾ˹ֱǰˣҴһһӵĺƱӣǮɲ١
磬ʲô˼ɻ
үҲˣǮұӸģתүġ
⻰ҵ۾뵽һſףҲ˼֣˭
үԥ³⼸֣һͷҿҡ
ΪǮأû뵽⵹Ǵҵ֮⡣
ҳĬ˵˵ү޹ӵ飬ҶҲ֪һЩǰأĲԣе˵˵ͣһǮ£޼ҵˣԺ˵ܳΪѣ
⻰˵ģһǸĿ
˵޴ӺЩûмˣ⻰үת߸ģҲ֪үˣϣһ²һ¶ү˵ˣҲ٣ܿڡ


199 ʲô
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һ㶣æ˵ү𰡣ʲôҪܿڣү˵ˣֻҪŵĿڣ͸Ҹϵĺ¶˵
ûȥ˵һ𣿡ҵ˼֣֮ɱ룬찡죬ôʲôȥˣɱҵʱôģʬźҵʱΪҲƫƫֳزҼȶûˣֲһ˷ˣŹǸ
ˣôˣ
Ѧҵˣĳһˣ˵һ򣬸һʲôã
ϣǮܵģЩ򲻻ġ
ɱʱһ飬һ仰Ҳ˵æһ֣ǮӵСȥ
ûߣЩ˵ү˵Ϊξôִأԩԩ౨ʱˣүôˣ֪ү˭֪ģʱ򣬿˭û¹ҲүһǸˣˣ
ˣǮ߰ɣѣĶҿգ޼ҵǮǲյģȥү仰˵һȥ޼Ҽ棬Ҫú̸̸
һ⻰ʱ͵ɴ۾Щֵ˵үҪɶүǲҪɣ
˵ˣ̸̸ֻû˼ѻˡ˼֡
У˵ͷֵǾôţҾȻȥˣĻһ
磬ͣҿ˵ţתݡ
Ӵڣľ뿪ҼҵԺӡ
ȱһߣҰΧʳʶ̣ôʶһǮ˵ģܸܲҸɶģСϱƵĴڼҲóȥˡ
Ҷ˵һͨԴըˣ䣬תͻصԼ˷ţ徲һ
ϤӣҵԺ͸ֳСȣҲ֪Ѿͷˣ᲻ᱻԬֱʶ׵ʧϡ
ôʱദҸѾͷѾ˺ĸ飬ĺ᲻֮һĻᣬֻҪȵʶڣҾһҪȳ´ҵߡ
СѾͷ˹Ҳð
Բȣһҹﱩǣڶһ磬ҾҼгֱжȥ
Ҫȥү
֮仹ЩҪ
ү뺷ܹͣΪΪҸ˵ԭкܴһԭΪҼүӵԵʣүȻЩ鲢ôͬұϾӣܲܣүʲôүҲ֪Ҳ²⣬үӿ϶һЩֶΣôҵ鷳үţмӸҸүүŸɣ
ʵȥүҲûбĿģֻʲôطֻҪϸԬ䣬ҾԲ鷳
ǳĶгһ·Ƶ˳߹һҽԺʱ򣬲ľͣҽԺʶĵطϰ࣬ͻȻ߽ȥǷһ֮ôˣһ仰ûУܾñŤԣ뵱ܹҳ׵ģǣҡ
ԥҽгͣҽԺſڣҡڵľ˽ȥֱߵ˻ʿƣ͸ϸѰӰãûпӰ
գʵǱﲻסˣסһոճŵСʿʵã¶ʿǲǽݰ࣬ôûأ
СʿֵĿһۣʵʲôˣ
Ѱ
Ѷ֪ȥģڼ֮ǰʹҽԺְˣ˵ȥְһȫˡ
СʿĻҶûԴ죬ֻ촽ڶ
ˣ֮ǰ
ʲôΪ˶ңҲ˰ɣ
˺þãǻʿҪˣҲһסżʵ֪Ұᵽʲôطܸܲң
Сʿҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʿϰʱͲǸ졣
˭ĵ绰ûУٴʵ
Сʿҡͷתֱˡ
ҿٵֻҵĺţ˹ȥ绰ȴԲĵ绰ǿպš


200 ߵ˾ͷ
ֻҴվԭأ˵ڵǸʲô飬ãȻһƬ
һֱһֱڵĵ绰ȴûдңҲڸһ㣬ͬҲڵǵĵ绰Щ飬дˡ
һͿԶ޷ء
Ҳ֪ĴҲ֪ʲôһһ̣ͻȻЩںȻŲΪʲô绰أ
ϾǸӺҪһЩһŮӵĵ绰ô¶ѵҪԼǸ
ںˣ˵绰ˣ˶Ҳˣ˭Ҳ֪һȥãã˺ҸõȥѰ
վаСʱһʱǧ˼תѹһһεġ
ֹһҲŷӦЩ޷Կصĳ˻ʿңֱҵ˻ʿѯһˣ֪ʲôطûϵʽһкҵģҵһ㣬ı⣬ְֹôģǲҶҵˣӴ֮Ǹ˾ͳʧҵ
κԵǳ
Һ֮Ѿߵ˾ͷαȥǿأ
ҽԺִһҲǸʬһ뿪һЦͱ˵ĵطߵ˴档
ʱԼһǳҪȥǾϳǵĴүǸԼ˵ġ
һƽһ飬ҲŽг޼ŵķȥ
һ·Ҷ֪ôȥģվ޼ŵ¥£Ҳ漴һطгһţûгҲû˿գԼõǮ
һλƵľͳ޼ŵĴ˹ȥߵ¥ſڣͱˣǸɶģֱӾ˵ġ
Ǽɵı͹Ц˵һүô˵ͳأ
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ˣСӣôŰɣǸƤָҵƾҪͷչ
үˣССıˣᣬҽǲһѵǻ治֪ߵغ
ǱƤҵҵŵʱҵ΢΢һ࣬һֻ֣һץסҵֵֻӣ΢΢һСӶʱһҺߣеƤ˵ϣһҲƤ߳ȥһţһϥϣСԭؾ͵ϸߣһصſ˵ϣͳĲÿһһܽӴѪġ
һǱֲӣٴʵһ飬ղ˭أ
ҾʹһСӾܲˣ۵죬ధλ硭ˡ̫ۡˣղԼءдذɡ
ϵǸϥǱˣһʱҲֻűӲϵĲѪ
һﻹǹƵĶүͷ͸ҸˣᣬֻССĳͽһǾ̫ãɿǸֱ֣ӾͳŴķȥ
Ҳû׷֮󣬾͵˱ңڴ绰֪ͨʲôˡ
ҲùǣֱڴתһȦݸиָʾƣдŰ칫ĵַڶʮ¥ŵݾȥˡ
ڴһҲûзʲô飬ûңѾ֪ˡ
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ߵ칫ҷȥȫһСӣһȫװææµµ˭û̧ͷһۡ
ߵһڴ绰Աߣӷ˵绰ſʵãʲôط
һ㶣̧ͷһۣЩͷ˵˭ûУҴط˰ɣ
޼ŵܣ㲻ʶٴʵ


201 ƲԳԷ
ٴ̧ͷϸһۣЩ˵޶³ҲҾҵˣҵĻģûʲô¶Ͻߣȥ
ҿôȫֹۿ˵͵ļһҵĻٴð˳˵ôܲ˵˻Ҿģôôϻ֪˵֪͸ұ죡
һƶʱˣ϶һѹһͷѹ᲻ֳ
ӱϵˣС˵Ƕ³26¥ҪҪԤԼУһǲģԤԼ𣿡
СүǶˣԲԤԼô˵͵ˣԺ˿㣬˵ٰᡣ˦仰һתͳŵ˹ȥֱ26¥
ݸһ򿪣ſھվһװˣ۾̫Ѩ߸߹ֱɫ䣬ޱĿһۣʵ
һǸӣĺܣڴ˵ȺҶʱˣҵ˵ͷ˵ǡ
ɡ˵ţתͳǰȥǴһȣ˿мһȺصķǰ˲ţõ˻Ӧ֮󣬲һ˽ȥ
һţҶʱͱ޴İ칫ҸˣǺôͷҪжٸƽ
칫ż۸񲻷ƵĴʯذ壬Ǿһһһ޴飬ԶһŵףɫҸûмЩ㣬ʶ
ڴһž޴İ칫칫һˣңһѩѣǰشȥеķ羰ڴ˴һ࣬һڡ
ǰ칫沢ֻһˣһͷģ˵ԱߣҲڿشķ羰
Ǹ˽Ҵ֮󣬹ĸǰ칫˵үҸˡ
ţ֪ˣȥɡǸѩѵתӣĿԶԶľͳ߿
Ǹһ߲˳ȥýŸˡ
վ޴İ칫ĪĻЩţҲ˵ΪʲôܾĿеһֺܲгζƮš
Ƭ̣Ҵ󲽾ͳǸ칫ķ˹ȥһӣүĶ档
ʱҲϸϳһָү
иʮ꣬ͷ΢΢ףֱ˫۾ӥ۾ǰȻֻһͨˣȴʲôǿ󣬱Ͼزˣ϶Ǿ˲ٷ꣬ԵһжǰƵܹпҵӺͲмһˡ
Ҳ۽ǵһһԵͷͷȥиʮ꣬ݰͰ͵ģһɫĳʮֳȣֻ֮ǿһۣ۾ֿ˴ķ羰
ͷүԮӦǸɲү϶֪ҵֶΣһֹӣǿ϶ǱȻģҲҵԤ֮С
Һүһ֮үŽеѩ̻Ҹ΢΢Ц˵ˣ˵ң֪кιɰ
˾ϲֱֱҲ˷ʱ䣬үαضһʣΪʲô㣬Ӧúأ
Ϊ¶ү΢Ц˵
˶ѡҵػص
үָӣƬ̣ŵˣҪиִ磬ȡᣬǰЩʱգǶһЩ飬ֵزܸҪи˽ģҪ㶯֣ڲǺö˶˵ôҲˣִǮ£ܲ鲻ŰɣϳǴʲôʱ˵͹ͷͷһҪҳļ۲ʣʲôܿǶ㿴ô
һɳ˵ǮҲҪԼ˫֣Լ׬Ƿϻ˵ֻ֪ӵ䣬ģҵһ飬ԲΪô򵥣㿴
⻰һڣʱϵЦҲʧˣҲ˼֣˵ˣҪƲԳԷƣҴʱ㻹ûأҪΪ㣬ֻǲ°ˣҪҶӣǲܵ飬߰ɣ
վž޴İ칫˹ȥүޱ˵ӵģҰҲŴģ㲻ģǲߵģ


202 
үһĨɱİ칫ϣٴ˵ô˵ûඣ
ҽҪ֪ӵ䲻ɣٴǿ
Ҫǲ˵أүʱǳ鶯ѾһĨЦ
㲻˵Ȼа취㿪ڣֻǿ̫ܲŹ۰ˣȰүǾ˵ĺãǶʡ鷳˵أҵҲ
үͻȻЦڸһĪЦһ㣬ҡͷ˵ˣ治СѾжû˸ô˵ˣΪ˵Ѿȫˡ
ү⽫Ǹ˵ĳ˼֣ѾȷҪҵˡ
һЦĳүһֻ֣ʱһֱĬһߵǸͷ˵ˣתӣһ˫۾ٴγ߿˵ˣҪôﻹҰĵط
˵ţͷվӣһΣҲûôǰž޴İ칫ϣӸµĸҡ
ȥ֣ܿ˻˵λүǺηʥ˻ˮ϶˲ٺôɣ
Щ˵
үȷʵǸĽɫֻ΢¶һУԿֲǸô򵥵顣
үҲֻǱ˫֣ĸ˵˴ˣϵܶѾôˣ㻹ǲʶ̧٣Լ߱ˣǻǣϷ治
۸˼ңҿ㻹߰ɣҺ޼ҵ飬ûʲôϵϸ첲ȵģһ˵㣬ɾͲˣ
ߣͷһ˵ʶôĶҾͳֽѵѵ㣬֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
˵գͷҷϻһΣʹǾ޴İ칫ͷݵƤͷ࣬գۼ͵ҵǰһžͳ˹ǽŴķ϶ۣһţһȾͳɨ˹ȥ
ţȾײһ𣬵ʱҾͺˣͷȻƤͷԡӦƤŸֽŶԣһ۵죬һΣ
ȣϵĦţ˵ͷӲĪϰ˸ְ𣿡
ͷҶԣٴһΣżֵλϵıŲͬӰһ㳯Ҵ
վź˼ٵĴ߶֮е˴СѧĹ򣬾͸ͷһš
ҴСѧȭϵĹĹףʵǰǶʮ꣬ѧĹҲֻͽû̫ãԴҸ˞ų֮󣬲֪ҴСѧЩֽϵĹ򲢲򵥣ǽ⵽ȫʱЩӳŻչֳǿ
үǱϴϵļأҴСѧЩéɽŹéɽԪȭνԣʾ仯ϵÿһԶһԻݱ䵽ʮԣȻéɽԪȭʽǺܶ࣬ǻһ𣬾ݱܶʽǧ򻯣ศɣܿ˵УܷأͨéɽԪȭﵽһҲͬСɣҽȫ£ٴǵӦ֡
һͷʮغϣͷԽԽû뵽һĺ󱲣Ȼֶλ˵ãÿÿվͻȻðһֵ⣬ʮԲ󣬷صĵˮ©ͷ̲κκô
ֹʮ֮ͷһº˳ȥ߿һۣɫСӣֶβʲôͷ
ɣҰڼֵظѧĶֶΣүҲĺţ֪ʲô·Ҳʵ
ͷһְڳһƣ˵Ϸ
һ䣬ͷٴγͻȻҾ;ͷ˵ĻЩ죬ڣϸһ룬Сӵ鷳ʱҲһ֣Ǹһǵ֣ͣҹ֮ˣ˿ͷҲڵģһʲô϶Ʋĸϵ
ݵҶ룬ͷֳ˹ٶȶȻּӿ˼֣һ˫ȭǻ磬ȫһʱЩĿϾӣۻңӿµǣͷԽԽӲһ㣬ۡ


203 Ӳ
νҸоӦҲһеɣνһƤʲô˼£ֳ޿ƥеͷǽǺϢĥʮ֣ӲϢ೤ʮ㣬˴ศɣһЩѲҽéɽԪȭסȫס˸ҪҲסȫϮҵⳤģͷȷһͭƤǣǽһӲҵֽŸײһ۵죬ȫĹؽڶѾ
ͷһӲ򣬿϶Ҳߣȫʹ̧ȳȭʱ򣬴ķ綼һɱ⡣
ôȥҲҪͷҲˡ
ҽҧأһ߶˵еһ㣬ٵļͷ˼
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ү˵Ҳǿƣ˲ٸ֣󱲵ģҲܶƵͷ
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һ˲䣬ƱһӰˣƳƻʵӿȣԵźܴԻá
ͷƺӾ˼֣Ƶİ֮£ͷòƵҲ˫ƸҶƴٶȶ㲻Ͽ죬͸԰ͷ̫һ㣬ʵȴڸԱƴһʼʱ˵ƶûײһֻǻƲŶԷĸ첲˶ǳڵһ㣬˭ҲûкһΪһˣʹһˣֻҪ΢¶һһƾͻһؿϡ
ͷϢ೤ǶĽȻʱ䲻ǺѦλүӸ˵һһ㣬ͣάһֱһ۷״̬
֮ǰүӣѾſˣҲܣһֱ֧š
һֱվԭزʮغϣҵ϶Ѿ亹ͷȴһеģһ߸Ҳ֣һ߻˵СӣЩ˵ô˰ԭ汾µˣ汾ҲҪʢӲۣѵ𣿡
үģ˭ҼүҽҶģؼҸȥɡ
ţֹ˼УͷҲּ˼ҶʱоɽѹĴʯ屻Ҳȵķˡǲһ춯Ȼѳ֩һģ
УҿŲˣ˵Ĳʵ̫һЩ
һһҧԼеһ£Ʊ˼У֣ͷؿھ˹ȥ
ͷ΢΢һЦƽغһ֣ԡ
žһ죬һҵ˫ײ˹Լǡ죬ȫѪҺ˵һӾ˳ȥ
Һݺݵײ˺һǽϣۡһ죬ʱذ
ϵˣԭͷһҲҲ
һѪɤֱۣѹ˻ȥҽһͰ˵ϡ
ٿͷҲƮ˳ȥŲ䡭źĲۿҲҪײǽϵʱͻȻȻֹ
ҰڵϴصĴϢ͵͵־ٵĻͷȻ͵ɴ۾ֱĿң˵СӣϷСˣܹܵסһƵϷûм
Ҵʲôţأ
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ҿⵤܹٵĻӲҾվӣһΣҲٸӲӲˣˣǾƴɡ
£ҴϵĻƲڴһѽͭǮ˳һٴγͷ˹ȥ
ҵиǾǼܴˣһˣҾҲ죬ʧȥСȵ䣬޷ܵģұҪӮ
еͭǮһƬͷȥһʼͷֻҶһŲæɫһ˼֮󣬲ŴӺͳһ


204 ԹԵķ
ҿͷõĶ֮󣬵ʱɵۣ˼ҵķҪôǽҪôǵʲôʽģܹǸͷŵȷһӶһǸģô
Ǳ¹ͷżһǲһͭǮײ˿·磬һһʽдҷ緶һʮУҲˣȱҺҲͷĶ֣զأ
⣬ͭǮһһһҵǸͭǮҲǰ׸ģʱãʱ
£ĺɨȥһŲһ棬ʱƮɳȥ˺üԶͽǱͭǮ׷ͬʱһ˺üָ߶ͭǮĿھǱͭǮһֱӳͷͷ˹ȥ
ͷһеͭǮȻֱܹڷǣ֮Ʈɵ֮Уʱһ㶣͵ǱͭǮϵʱͷͻȻһ̧֣ӶͭǮϡ
Ҫľʱ־ٴǣǰͭǮʱɢ˼ʮöͭǮͷ֫˹ȥ
Ҹͷԩ޳𣬿϶ҪЩͭǮֻǳ֫ȥҲֻɵĿǽˣûл֮㹻ˡ
һǵ͹ͷʵЩͭǮɢ֫ȥʱҾĿɿڴһĻͷˣЩͭǮϣײͭǽһ㣬Ȼȫ˵ϡ
ֻ΢һ£ӿٵǰ壬ͬʱٴ־ЩڵϵͭǮٴη˷ٴγ֫˹ȥ
ͷ֮һĨ֣ûм˴ܵģ˷ͭǮͷ㶼㣬ֱһһɫһӾͱͨ죬ԼĸӼӲһεĽѵξͲˣʮ㣬ҾͲ˲
ЩͭǮôǴ˷Ҳûа취㣬ֻӲ
ʱ䣬ЩͭǮʹϣһƹƹҡ죬ǸоľͷһʮҲǰ׸ģͷһӲͭǮǴϣǶ˰ӡ
ҿͷԲ۾һŭɶȻ߳ŭ
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ЩͭǮʱ򣬷ಡƿ񣬵Ǻص
治Ǹ֡
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ڱͷ;֮Уٴα任־ЩŷͭǮܵĪǣٴϳһͭǮҵǰһ֣ͽͭǮС
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ҵĺ׿ǽϣʱһͷĿѣذ
ҷӦʱ򣬾Ϳͷһ˫ɱ۾ֱĶңݺݵС飬֮ݶϷ㣬Ժ㻹˵ã
ҿͷֱ֮ѪܵģȫǱͭǮˣסҵĲӣЩ͸һǳЦƥ򡭡ղСүǸ顭㡭֪㣬ղҪͭǮԴϡˡ
ͷ߳ŭˣһƣͳҵ
֣һҵϣ϶ԽӾͳ˶ˡ
Ҳţǳͷ˵֡ԹԵķ֣û
ͷͻȻɴ۾һĲ˼飬ϵԴֻҲͣ˰֮Уһͻ˵ϡ
ʵͷָոץҵĲӵʱҵһֻѾ쵽˿ڴѦС߸ҵƿɢɽ˳ϢĴ˸ӣһΣлɢζƮɢ˳
ζɫζֻдѵʱ򣬲ֳɫĩ״ҾֻôССһƿȻҪʡһãҴѵĻ
ˣлɢҲǿãжȥͷһ


205 ʮȫʬɢ
ͷ̱ڵأһ統ұѦСƷʱһ㣬һ˫˼Ĵۣʵ㡭ʲô
ͷĶЩϵĲӣ΢΢һЦ˻еСƿӣ˵˵ʲôȻöˣ
ͷٴ𾪣ݺݵ˵СӣأƴôԶĵֶΣ
թ˵ûҪöǾͱɱˣƴںֻ̣ںǽˣҲҪԹһʼʱҿû˵öǲǣѧѦСǸ˸۵Ŀ˵
ͷ˵ĻŪƿԣٴζݺݵ˵õʲôϽҽ⿪ҪȻڵĵǲŹģ
ͻȻ䣬ҾһҪ׽Ū˵ĶȤζⶾǷͬСɣǼ洫ʮȫʬɢ˵û
ͷһֹƾŵˣ΢΢ҡҡͷʾ֪
Ҿ͸˵˵ĳνʮȫʬɢһ־綾ĶҩŵСʱ֮ڵòҩĻؾͻɢȫã۵ȥҪ۸죬Żڶļãֱȫһ̯ŧѪ¹ʲô˶鲻ôģǼ洫ʮȫʬɢ˵
˵ͷɫˣݺݵһĭͻȻıһֿЩĵ˵Сϵܣ˵ԩ޳𣬷Ŷɱǲǣ׻˵ĺãһߣǳڽߵģ˭ףϷСⶾ͸ҽ˰ɡ
ιղ˼Ҳͦ˭˵ҪţôͱأҼ
ͷ˵һ죬֧֧˵¶ϷĲԣСֵܣⶾ͸ҽ˰ɣҸо²þǲҪ˰
˵һˣϹκʲô޼ҵ飬иëϵҪܵ䵱ͷͲʲôöǾΪŰǱΪ飬³Щߵ˵
ͷеĶǲĹҲǿһЩҵǺöˣھȻͷ˵Сֵ˵ǣҾǳԱ˳ŵãǱΪ顭Ǹˡ
ҵ˵ͷҲΪ˼ˣϴ̬ȻҾһأȵһҸ޵鴦꣬ٸⶾ
ͷҲӦЦųͷһĵӣҾøղΪʲôõˣԭв֮£Ҳ⸱ϥģ
ǿӲһЩȷһֵþصĸ֡
תͷٴοүʼգҸλͷһƴû˵һ仰ͷƷˣǰȵС
ͷһȣĵȷǳȶˣǼʶˡ
ڵˮǸģһѩѵȼˣ΢΢Ц
үǵǲǸи˽ˣһ߳Ǳȥһߵ˵
ˣҵС㣬еҪˣֲǲĶӻ³Ǹүһѩѣ˵
ֻƽģȻҪҶ֣ҲȲѣʵ˵ɣӲûж⣬ҲֻҪĶұ֤һë㿴
Ϊ˵ҾˣСӣ̫ˣ˵ţһӣʱ䣬ӵͻȻվһǹ׼ҡ
Ҳ·һģЩľͰǹû뵽ǣСӾȻôȫǰӵ°ǹ֡
Ҳܹסôã
ٴı£һǹҲܷŵûȣһð֣ڣҲãǴ죬ȸҳʱһ֮ٴαǹָţָо治ܡ
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Ҳ֪ôͻȻðôһֵ뷨ܰǼүȽϡ
˼ǹֻþ˫֣˻Σ˵үõŵֱ𶶣ǹ߻ɾͲˡ
С֪ͺãֵµ˿ûأ϶кüɱ˿ɶǲգ۵ģҪǻ붯֣һῪǹ㡣죬ҲΪ㣬Ҷӵ䣬ҿ϶㣬ôľôȥɣӦüþգٰǮȥԭȵĿټӶ򣡡


206 
ٴλ˻֣΢΢ЦүȫǮ⣬ҪôǮҲûӵҪңҪȻǲ뿪ġ
ҵĻ˵꣬ͻȻƿˣղŴҽǸһ˽Ҳһǹָңү硭СӷʲôֱӴĸ첲ȣֻҪŪôð죬Ҫǲ֣
˵ţСǹͳ˹
үһ֣ʾͣ˵һȻȲҪ֣һ仰Ҫ˵
ǸһȻļһͣ׵ĵطǹָң˿йģöԸƵ˵ĿϿ϶մȾ
ٴ۾ң˵鵽ز㻹˵ڤ粻飬ѵҪҶ֪СӲ򵥣йϵ޵ܹ쵽ֵزҲûʲộڹȥü
ѾĺˣһǲĿĲݡ
˵仰֮ӿٵһΣ͵һͣһͳǸһȻ˹ȥ
СӹǷͬһ㣬һһɲǣ̿۶˰һӵҵͷƤͷ˹ȥһȡ
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пٿ϶ҪˣүǹıͺԲ
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˵үߵڣүҲˡ
һӵʱүߵڵ̱ĵ˵ϣǹҲһԣүҪով棬һ˫˼ĴۣҸǸһȻƴ
Ҹһ֣ײؿڵģһֻֽǹֵֻȥСһʱţҴǹȻǴ򲻵ҵģҽеͭǮһԣһץסǹֻ֣ٵĴ߶һעڣָоͨ˵ֱһֲпᵽĳͷ
ǽǹһԣһƺߣʱͱͨ졣
һúעȫȻûвҽг
ּһЩʮ֮ڿסˣһ˺ѷεĲҽС
Һڶʮ¥һ¥İ칫ңҲûܹ
ŲҺѵǸӾֱİ칫ǰǺӵԴ˰칫ϣܿ˵˰ɣ
һӵȻҸǣסˣɲҧгݵ˵С֣б¾ɱңǵ
ǸҿסҲ硭ǧ˵СʲôطС̫ˣҪ֪Сʲôطһɱġ
ֵ˵𣿡СӵٴμһЩһ籡СӻһٴβҽУĥһ͹˵ϣһɧζڱǼ⣬Ȼʧˡ
үӲûԤϵģ㾳أǱտڲԣƶʲôֶǲ˵ˣϽ쵽̶ֳȣʲôûмôܻһС
£ʵûа취ˣֻʵʵ˵ү˵죬ûж⣬ֻԸҵǸʬŵͽܣһʮҪĶΪҵǸʬŵͽܣǶҪ췢ģֻҪ˵Сӵ䣬Ҿòᶯֺ
ү۾һ仰˵ҵͻˣһץסӵָͷתһȦָͷͷһǲ죬ֶˣӻһ£ٴβҽ˳
һΣܵˣҵҸġ
˵͵ˣ֮ǰ߹㣬ƫǲҽƵһԣ˵ϣעȫ飬һСʱ֮ǲˣҲŪʲô۶ӳ
үһ˵֪СӲöԸǰˡ


207 ʬ岻
ˣ
ڸҿЦô
ҷѾĴôãȻͽ޹õľȻһ
ŷȻ飬һһٵʵȥˣ
̩˵
ţһڣ˵ԴСʬŶԸ֮˹ϵڸס飬ǻûгɹܵ˺ܴһѸ˵鱻һ֯ˣҪˮʯɣҾ֪Ƕӿ϶˴Ͼҹ͵͵͵̩ܵǣҲͨ飬֪Сӿ϶Ҳ򵥣ԲЩ
̩ʲôطٴʵ
ҾͲܸˣҲżȻΪ죬ֻ֪ʬǸͽĻҵǿСӣ绰֪֮͸㣬㿴Σ
һû뵽һܲ׷̩ȥɣ
黹ǲģҲʡôԶȥʡ
£ұҵĵ绰ȥʰɣϣ㲻ҪƭңҪȻͲôˡ
˵ţҷȥҵͭǮֱͳȥûһųʹ˹Сϵܡеʮȫʬɢ㻹ûҽء
һͷһͷνĿҡ
Ҫ˵¶Ҳˣ³΢΢һЦ˵˼ңԲסˣղǸ㿪ЦأǸʲôʮȫʬɢֻһҩѣģСʱ֮ҩЧͻɢȥֿܿԻˡ
⻰˵꣬ͷĿɿڴˣתߵʱ򣬿ͷͻȻһصĲӡ
ãһˣͷһǳʵˣҪѦС߸ҵлɢƽҾϣʭӶ˲ծ˲ҲôŰɣҵﵽѼˡ
ұСһ·žͳ޼ţߵſڵʱŵĶﶼҳгͳŸ߸ڴķȥ
˵޹һˣʵΪʹĵĲ飬һҰϳǵ飬Ժãã˺ҸȥȥأⱲӶټ˰ɣ
ҵĳô޼ա
ص֮һʵģֻܶԴһߵĵ绰
һֱϰ˾ŵӵʱҶȵЩͷˣûеȵĵ绰Ҳ֪īʲôﻹСǲǷˡ
ʱϵĵ绰ˣһʱ绰ģΪ绰ʾǡֿ֡
ֿΨһĶӣŵϻཻĵ绰룬Դ֮ǾҲûϵֿҴ绰Ҹоʮ⣬绰֮ͽͨˣָ磬ôҴ绰ˣðɣˮأ
ҵĻ˵ֿ꣬ͷͿ޵ʮģʮƣö˶˵ĿʲôŶôˣӦƽ˲ǡ
Ҿʵָ磬զˣʲô¶˵ܰһ㡣
ֿ˵ֵܣҲТ˸Ҵ绰˵˵ķر׿ˣײİɢһأʬ岻ˡ
һֿ⻰ҵһһޱ߷ŭڶŶ֮֮飬ɽϢ˵׺䶥ҧгݣ˵ָ磬˵ʲô
ֿһ߿ޣһ˵СֵܡСҾһֱѧҲûʲôѣ㻹ŵùģҴ绰ʱһţʬͦģӦòǱʲôҰڿķأΪģسһʱϲȥԾȥǳʲô飬ͰˣϼҸء
Ӧһοָ磬żŵһϣھ͹ȥʲôȰš
ֿֿŸ˵һлĻżŵ飬û˵˵绰֮󣬾ͳӣһ·ųķ񱼶ȥ
Ǵ岢ʮ·أȫɽ·һʮŵķͷȥ
ŵʱҸһģԵط֪ģҸϵʱ򣬷ŵķΧżˣ˵ʲôǾ˹ȥ


208 ʬ
ֿҴ绰ʱһЩ̫ţ˭ôȱ£һ̫̫ķڿʬ͵أ
ǵߵԭȵķڣһŷϾôȱµˣŵķزڿˣײİ嶼ķѣɢһأʬȴǲɡ
һ龰ޱߵŭڶŭȭͷյĿ죬޷̵飬Ҳɴۣҵľˣ˼ҵʬӷͷڳⲻžžĴ
ǷһԵɢһصĹײİ壬Ĳ޳˺üƽһЩ顣
ôģ¶˭ɵģ֪ˣҿ϶ﶼϲ˭
ǵĽŲһһŵǸŪ߰ķͷ˹ȥ
ֻվڷͷϵļһһ˵ʲô
һʮͷܻ˵˵ĸ˸ôȱϣö˶˵Ľڳɶ
һͷҲ˵ǰּһֱģҲûʲô峤һڳ﹤һֱǸѸҲðʬ屻ڳҲ֪ȥˣ峤͸øɣ¶㿴զ죿
һʮͷź̹ӣŵķͷϳ̣ĬһŵֹѸ飬Ѿ޴绰ˣӦþܵʬû˻զ죬ֻܸ¹ڣˣܱȿǿ
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Ǵ峤һ̣˵пǼµ֣˵ջƵֵǸӪģڳʬ飬ɵȱ´ð̶ĹһҲüǧʱ飬¶пֵɵġ
ʮͷȴҡҡͷЩȷ˵¶Ҳ֪һһڷڵĶһЩСϱʬ壬ӶѾʮˣ˭Ҫʬأ
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ҾûٳŵķͷȥǸҵģҲȥԼܲˡ
Ӽλ˼ҵĻУҵõһǳõϢǾŵʬݵջƵֵܸ͵ˣǵĿľΪ˸顣
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δʱΪʢСݿ֮¼أδСŮ丸ĸСýˡ˵ףȻռԣеõʻ֮󣬾͸ڤ£кϻŮǺᡣ
ӵߣŮ֮
ָŮѳڤϵϰףٹ۵ļǿԺʢСֱ⽨ܵĳʧ
ĩı׵Ĳ󣬻иͥ˽ġϲ¡ν֮ʬŮҵ׼ν֮ʬס
꣬֡񡱵ӭȢʽҹУʱڰ˯֮ʣȻﴫ֮ǡʬģһֽӣɵġšŴǰҲð̧εġ
ֻǵڣ֡ʬϰױ׵ֹԽԽ٣ûȫžСɽżҲ
ʽûô֮󣬱ὫزδŮᣬҲôˡ
ʱķչҽѧĽز˲һЩϹڻŵʱûȢϱϹֵܽþͻ취һ飬ھȪ֮£Ҳи顣
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طũ壬ûнлȢ֮󣬶ǲܱ𻯵ģʬװڹײᡣ
ԣЩ͵ʬһϢ͵ʬ֮󣬰ҹʱ֣͵͵Ĺڷأʬ͵ߣȻ߼ЩûнȥϹļǧüĲȡ
ҲʱţǴûм
һϴ峤˵еĶ۸˶۸Ҷͷˡ
ջƵС͵ŵʬ塰ʬһҪСӸ˲ɣ


209 ջƵֵ
лЩɻһ͵ʬˣרŮ˵ʬ壬ҪôδزģҪôǽ֮ûģ͵һ̫̫ʬ飬һͷһ˵
һӣƣ츣һգʮ˴˾أ֮ʬ廹ܵʵ˷ָаģһȱµˡ
ŵķǰ뿪֮ҳҹɫͳݵķȥ
ɲ˵ʮ·һɽ·ҵˣĶ֮еʮֳӯʮɽ·ڵ˵ҲܸһͷĹ
ҽŲɿ죬ɽԽ룬СȥһСʱ֮Ҿݴ塣
һͦĴӣԼٻ˼ңٿˣһߵҾЩˣʱֻǸϴ峤˵лƵǸСӸ͵ʬӪҲûüʣСӽʲôסڴʲôط
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Ѿʮӣ˶˯ˣҸʶ̫ˡ
˴ڼϹ˼ȦͻȻһ˼ŵƣǾ˹ȥطһС̣һС̹ŶȽҲϡ档
װˣֱӳС˽ȥ
С̵ǸϺĶҲ࣬Щ̾ǲ֮Ķ
һЩҾ뵽ţǰǰȾƳ̵ģȥҵʱҪЩ̾ƹȥģ˷ǣѾˣʬҲ˸͵ˡ
һѹ
һ߽С̣Ϻվɶ
һٿǮݸϺЦ˵үһ̣~
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ϺһۣǴջƵǿɶˣֵҲ٣֪
һ˵Щҷˣĥһ£ֵү˵иݼҵԶûˣ˵ġԾ͹شү϶֪ɣ
ôһ˵Ϻһ˵СһͻƻֵܰɣС첻ҵһЩ߰飬ڵľСӡ
һˣͷ˵ԶԶԡҾ֪סʲôطϴүָ·¡
Ϻϣ˳һָ˵ӶͷһԺӾǼҵģֱӹȥˡ
ҶϺǧлһҲûãˡ
һӻ̣ҵɫͱţջƵСӣײϣǵùˣһҪǲŵʬ͵ģҷǽǵ˫ȫϲɣ
ҿ첽ŴӶͷ˹ȥһԺһ൱Ժ䣬߸ߵΧǽŽ
סҵģһһܣſԺǽ棬ԺһԺĲС滹ͣһŷһȻŵơ
ֻûϸϸϼۣһ񱩵ȮǹС
һЩǹΪ˲ֵܵľִԺǽ
ҪȥԺӣȽǹ˵
飬СУֻҪһ֣׼ЩǹŵļβͲҳûˣʵЩΪѡ
Һܿ뵽⣬ѦС߸ҵлɢѦС߸˵ⶫߺͨ˶ãֻǲ֪Զܲá
ҲˣֱӴƿӣӵһʯͷһЩĩʯͷϣ׼ǹʲôطͽǿʯͷ˹ȥ
ʯͷո׵Ѹ֮ٴη˸߸ߵԺǽŹѵķȥʯͷĵطþڹԱߣֻǹΪʲôóԵĶ׷״չȥǿʯͷƬֻ֮ǹʹתת˼Ȧſڵһˡ
ѽԹҲãû뵽
һϲֱӷǽͷƮƮľ˵ϣ߹ǹѵʱǼֻǹֻǳҿ﷢˼ص죬Ҳвˡ
èһ·ߵ˷ӵһȴſڣⷿŵƵģܹĿӰڻȥ
ߵ˴µʱ򣬱ŵһɾζƮɢںȾأһߺȻһ˵ʲô


210 ʬģ
ֻһ˵磬ԽԽˣǰŪǸɫһҲãʼˣǻңҲģȥ͵úˡ
һ˵ֵܣ㲻ˣʴģܵǮȢϱӵˡ
ڷؾĹĹ˲඼֪˭ҽŮ޸۰ҿŪֵҲô֮顭ǸܵܵС˵
Сӵ֣ٺ˵˵˺ãֻҪǮʲôŮ˲ңȥϷɽҲܴǣǴ˵
磬ţǸܵܵĶʱ˷ܵʵ
ǿɲֻҪǮûа첻飬Ҫ˵ʴ⣬˵ܸȢϱˡ
ѾüĿСӻﻰ⣬϶͵ʬˡ
ȻȷĿ꣬Ҿûɶ˵ģߵǰһŽ߿˽ȥ
ֵһʱô˭
ҿ첽嵽ͿСȫվ߳˼һ׼塣
һң˾סˣҲվסϸˡ
һȥʮ꣬һҲжʮ߰ˣǸʮ˳֣һӣ⡣
Сһһ⵶ӲߣǺܶʵһ˫Сۣ׹¶
һˣұʵǻͻƻֵܰɣ
Ǿǣô˭ҹôǼˣֵĺŭ˵
Сүҵľǣ˵գֱӳǰϴ˹ȥһȭͳ˹ȥСϵһӣ˹
ҵִӣȻײϣֵСӶʱͷһԵķ֮ϣӶҵϡãǸܵܣҲС۴һһ⵶ͳĿͱ˹־ɱˣǲҪļһ
һȥǰ⵶һץסӣһֻ־ͳ⵶˹ȥ
һƣɵС۵ĸ첲ϷһĶ죬ǶϽۡ
еǰ⵶Ҳ˵ϡ
һҺһƴϣҽȻֹ
ʮӣֵȫҴ˵ϣֹ
ǸȰϴ󣬱һȭͷϣɳüһȫѪ
ҼȻҵƥǿ϶ˢӵģֵȻҲ֪
Ǹϴ³˼֮󣬱ڵ硭硭ˣǸذֵܲס
͵ʬأʵ
ֵڵϣ࿴һۣϴ˵硭˵ĻСôסʲôʬ塭
Цһ˵Ǻð찡ҾͽǵֽȫϣԺ󻹸Ҳ͵ʬˣ
˵ţһѾͽϴһֻ־ץסӣһ˹ȥСӶ֧ŲҺĵ硭硭ҰɡҴȥ
һɿϴ֣ÿһٴ˵ʬģҹȥ
ϴͷһ첲С۲ͳſڵķȥںĸţûֵһţ㳯Ժſڵķ񱼶ȥһһ߻˰Ҽˣ
СӻԲģҪ˹С̵ϰ˵ݴջƵ˻ͦ࣬ӦǸ壬ũһֱȽŽᣬһѣķ֧ԮǽȫܲܰĴȥɣ
Ҵӵϼשͷֱ˵ȶӴ˹ȥ˸ոܵſڣ˵ڵء
Ҹղͦصģܲˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ׷ȥ˵ӾϵԺ˵ϡ
ſһ仰˵ߵϴߣ˵ˣǰɣǵͷǻΪǴȴ󱯵Ĺء
˵գҾסϴָʹ£ͷѵ죬ϴһָͷͶϳ˺üأ׻˵ʮָģʹҲһܹܵģϴ۵Ĳҽвֹ鶼ˡ
סĵڶָͷٴʵʬ嵽׷ˣֻһΣ
ϴҵɱ񣬾Բ˵ЦæڡҼҵؽ


211 ؽѲʬ
ҹȥٴϴӣ˶ǰһƣСľͳԺһ˹ȥתͷֿܻܵƻСӿҸղųôݣʱŵһ飬һȳһյ׷ȥˡ
ת˹ȥһתĴűõ죬ղֵɤӣ潫˾ͺ˹Ų١
ϻֵܣʲô쿪ŰԺ˺
ԽԽ࣬ӵһƬ
Щӿ϶ὫҶԺҪ֡
ȥŵʬΪҪҲûȥЩˡ
Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳һͳֻһ˴һ绰Ǹ˾ɳǰ
ÿδ绰ҹǰԺĽͨ˵绰СţСӴҹʲô¶ˣһ绰Ҿͺ£֤û¶
ҺٺһЦ˵磬һĻᣬ׽͵ʬ͵ʬڰӵ˶Ҷڴģһ£л˵˹ˡ
СӰûͣʱˣţϴ˹ȥ
˵գҾ͹Ҷ˵绰ջƵֵ׷˹ȥ
ԺӵĽһݵ̨̨һأǿһǷ壬Сӽ򿪣¶һĶڣҳһɭɭһ˳
ͦȥŭ˵
ֵҲǱұƵû취ˣȺ˳Ӿȥȥ֮ҵСңǽߵһߣֱһȵ˵ϡ
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˵ʬ϶Ƿڱصġ
ҿֵһۣٴηԸŸʲô򿪡
ŵηηæһȳһյ˹ȥĸӴˡ
ߵ˱ԱߣôһƣֵһŵһŮʬͿȥиʮңӲģһ˪š
ߵ˵ڶһƣŵһ߰СŮһӵ·ʬ屣ʮҲӲģ֪˭ҿŮط
ߵ˵䣬ϡֱܹһŮˣǿжˣΪʬѾõЩأŤˣŮʬʱ䲢̫ϻû˪
Ůʬ϶ţߵʱ򣬴ʲô£ۼģŮʬġ
ؽһֻ
Ҿˣȥˣ
һûŵʬ壬ҵĿٴαĺתֵˣŭȵСү£
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һĬŵʬ岻Сڵģ˭أѵ⸽иһеӪˡ
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ôһʣֵʹ۵С۵һ
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ٴδһ£ϴ˵еСʮ￪үҲǸӪģǶгػ֣ǲܵ͵ʬҲȥһɣ˵ӦҲȥꡭ
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ʱƼҵĴŷۡһ죬˸ҿˣЩѾԺӣҿɲܱǶڵؽطɻ
뵽ҿŲǽ棬ֱӾ˶棬̨˳
һʱͿƼҸԺվźüʮˣﻹżһһڡ


212 
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üһСӸոջڵϸ糤̵ģǵһת۾ҪңٶתĻ治һĿ졣
ǣСһ˾͸۸ϻƼҵϣֱ۸ϻƼûˣһһϣСҲ
˵գͷļһһ֣Ǽȫ˼һһԾԾԡ
æһ֣ɫǺôĵӣʵǣǹԱ¾죬һڵʬ尸ģڻͻƻҵĵؽ﷢ʬ壬߾ҪǸҴңһȫװӣ
Ǹɶģ˿϶Ҳ඼֪ôһ˵˶ˣ׷׷е
ʱ򣬲֪ĸ˲һ죬˵տڰ˵ԼǱ¾죬ıأ֤أóǿ
⻰ѵңû뵽Щ˻оҸðģʲô֤
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һȺˣֻܾĸʱ䣬ȴǰ˹ֻҪǰżɾЩȻͲֳʲôˡ
£Ҹɿһ˵ӵȺھٱ˵͵ʬ壬ҹ͸˹һ·׷ٵ³ͻȻ˴֤һҪңڵȰСʱͻйԱϵﷸ֮ڷ˭ǸҹȻԿԱǾǸҺΪУϢ
ѧǰĿǣɫĸЩ˵
ȻҵĻ䣬Ļֵܾͽϴ󺰵ø磬С˵˵͹¶ģȽſ˵
ǻúŪǸͷĴø粻̫ҵĻʵҾţҲܷҳȥϾСջƵֵø磬ףôϷŹҡ
תͷһ۶ջƵֵܣСŵһԴź档
ţղŻǴǴˣǻң֪ͺݺݵһ٣Ϊ֮
ԸĻˣӦԱƱԲһ蹷΢һͷͷҧһڡ
ͷǸøѾʧȥģһ֣ȵǣһһϣ͵ð侯죬Ҳ
˵仰֮ǴøͽǣŵĴǹſˣǴǹվƵһ˶ߣղһֱǰͣģʮ׺ݣһųֵҰҾ˹
˷Ҳ˺һȮģ±㽫ѦС߸ҵлɢ˳ĵĴ˸ӣ˹ĴǹһΣǴǹءһɤӣڰ֮оʧȥ˺󾢶ŵҵһԣˤǽһҡ
ҶѾûзĴǹЩ˵˲Ҫٲһһˡ
Ǵø翴ǱϷƵģôһ֣ҵ׶Ĵǹ˵˵ϣһҲܶˣʱһô¶ҹɫֺڣҲŵǸСƿӡ
ôſˣϽվ
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ˣĹһڵϲܶˡ
Ĵһ龰Ļиҳҳģ֪ĸҿܰСӻְ
ôһɤӺǶʱӵеļһһȫſڵķ˳ȥתۼ䣬ԺͿտյģһվŵ˶ûˡ
صũùߣǡͷҲ֪ĸܵĲִ٣һֻЬԺ


213 Ыζһ
תۼȥ¥գЩһ֡
ɲһ֣һֻǹȫſ˵û˷֮ڱСɽᷢһЩа¶һʲôԣ϶ħ룬Ҹӣҵǲˡ
ò˵ѦҵҽѦССóлɢǰôһСͷŵôˣҿʱѦСҪôһƿǰҲٴæ
ЩܵĴҵ֣⼸λлɢ鷭ļˣҲһֵĿңǴøʵ㡭㵽ʲôˡ
ҳŴøٺһЦ¶һڴɭɭ˵ղǲǶ˵ô֣רųĻƤӾٺ١
һ˵Ǵø۾͵ɵĸˣһŵ˹ȥ
ǰɣôС㿪Цųӣǲš
ļڵϵƺҲҸŵˣ׷ſڵϣԴ̧
ʱҲĻͻƻֵתͷȥ˶ˣ۾һУ˵ϽҹҪȻСүǵķӣŪɱѼŲţ
ҵĿʮֺ壬ɵǲţƿţһȳһյľ˳׷׹ڵϣధɡһɡ۲ʶ̩ɽײ˼Ұ
ҿҾôһ˵潫ҵɻƤӾˣ
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ղŲ˵Ǵôôڲˣеӵٽ˹Һǳ
ҡˡүүСӿͷ絷⣬һѱһѵġ
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ҿˣ˵ҪҲɣһŶǣ
ֵһۣǵܻܵƻȾͶˣϴϾʹһơ
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˵ţ͹Żƻϳһƣǽһࡣ
ֵ͹ڵϻ˺ǰǽһöžž졣
ĶУҾŵ飬ʬȻС͵ģ˭ܸɳȱµأʼЩ벻ף飬ұҪҵԪףȲŵʬ壬һʮʹĵ顣
ֵжʮӣһӶϸߣûͣʱԺſڴһһȺ˵ĽŲʹ˹
Ƭ֮ǰһƣĳԺ˹󻹸żԱ
ŵļλйڵϻֵǰˣߵҵߣʵСţһϵ⼸ôˣĸô¶
͵ʬ͵ʬ⼸ŵйҵİףҷŵˡҽ͵
ǰ˵ŵ⼸һۣǵСţСֿûأ첲ȶ˰ɣ
ôбҵɶˣģŵļû¶һСʱܻ֮ˣҴһ٣˵Ҳᣬʬ̨ĵؽϿ˹ȥ˳ЩʬĿ°˰ɡҵ˵
ǰһ֣ʱԱͳ̨˹ȥĸ˳Ǹ˹ȥ˼ˣ˶ͣòײŽ˺
˴ͱ˾ŵǼλҲûзʲô¶Ҳ˸ͻ˼ҡ
Ĺ򣬾оԱǰ棬˵ڵؽ﷢Ѿ˱ӵŮʬ
ǰӦһʬһ˻ؾ֣ú󷢲ʾü졣
ǰŽһݸһ̣ˣҵСţȥˣþûˡ
ȻܸȥѦҵ飬ֻ˵ȥһأҼү˼졣
˼֮ǰֵҲ˵ˣ¶ֵͦ˵ĳܲţǾԱˣˣҲ֪ȥСţһûпСôϳǣ޼ҸӶŸɵ˿ûмСӾЫζһݡ
Сӹά˶ᣬʲôЫΣզôŤأ


214 
ҳǰٺһЦ˵жĥŵĿ϶´ЬģǸʲôҿûźӵСӣֻҪĸ£
ǰ˵ͷʵСôܵˣطǸ߸ڴʮ·
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ȥģСأʷѽŵҪǮ㣬Ҫܣ޵ȥһǮûСǰСӿʼˣˡ
ǿŵļһ̾Ϣһ뵽һ飬ǰҿץʲô͵ʬͰŵ㣬ûһ̫̫ʬ壬ʮ£Ϣ͵һ֪ͨҡ
У¶Ұŵľˡǰ˵ͷ˵
Ӧһתͷһ󣬼ǼѾǴӵؽ̧˳ûʲô¶ˣﻹŶʬ飬صǸȥҵһЩ˿ʱߵĴæҲûüȥ
Ҳûʲô¶ˣǸ֪һ뿪
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ҵָǶ߶߶ĺãҲǶˡ
ǰͳԺӣҵӰʧҹɫ֮Уķ񱼶ȥ
һСʱʱ䣬ҵ弸￪һɽϵʱǵطȥ¥ˣֻһڿĻķأĴɽͷϡ
ײİ屻ҵķ飬ɢĹǱһڵըһɢ
ŰţԲ㣬ǰôæһңʬ嶼չ˲ãԲ˼ҡ
վڷͷߣ絶һѹʱֵĺ紵һһս
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ΧڿķͷתȦһ񣬸ѭһơ
㽫Ϩ֮󣬻ؼ취ʱͻȻ˷һ磬󱳶ʱһɶ񺮣ҸоڶңΪһߣΧĸоʮУ˫۾ϵʱҺܿͷˡ
Ǻһתȥһôĺ棬֪ʲôʱȻһӰ
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ǣҸոһ·̣ǸӰͶһ£ͻȻſڣɳƵ˵Сš
һһһ˵ʲô飬ЩЩ־壬Щò˼顣
Ϊ˾Ȼš
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ţҡǸӰ˵ȻЩģ壬һǿȷ˿϶ţ
ŬԼƽ飬ʼ޷Ŵ˿վҵǰǱٴʵš㲻Ѿô
ǺӰĬһٴɳƵ˵СŰʵǼôأŻкܶûŷĲ°ˣ˭չҼҵĺء
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ǼĻҿ϶оŵϣҼүҲˣŵʱȷʵѾûκ󣬲үӻһôܻأ
һ飬һֱʮֿɣ˵УǱˣһ׹ҲܾôɥżҲûһ˿ԣÿɶз˵žʲôأ


215 ʬ
վӰţЩɲЩţЩԽŻŵ顣
ܹţȻǽԴϲҲ飬¾ŸļǽԼĳа䲻ȥ
ʲôаʬҲãҲãֻҪ䣬мΣԣɱʮ־޴󣬼Ŷо֮Ҳʽ˼䡣
վһʵš㼴ǼҲصºüˣԲȣôģ
ųĬһűӣȻԼİ취Ÿ㿴һ
ʲôһǻ˹ȥ
ŻʮԶʱͻȻŵһɵʬζŵƮɢ˹
ԣſ϶ǸˣôôŨʬζأ
£олǸյľһֻͭǮһһ˹ȥ
ŻԶʱ򣬴ʱţǱҵģߵһôϣ΢΢ţϴŵĻʱϵһ£˿̿ҵжô㤡
ȻǸߣ飬Щ޷ܡ
šҪҿʲôվŵСʵ
ٿһһɳƵ˵
һֻһ룬ͱס˿ڱǣϵʬζ̫ŨˣŻһ׵ľ롣
ʱŲ΢΢ζһ£͵ת
ҿŵʱ򣬶ʱŵĵһŵϣѾõĲӣݶ¶棬ؼڵһ˫۾Ѿȫ˰ɫ۰ףûһ˿ɫ
ȻϣڵѾˡ
ҷӦͻȻһƺ𣬾ͳ˹һ֣ҿָ׶ɫģ쳣ź⣬ʮѷذףҵĲӾץ˹
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ɵо⣬ȴǳ
ʶľѡλ˼ңǰĶ£һֱļ䣬һֱһλüĿˣ˺ҡ
ҴˣһǱҪҵġ
ҴʱҲÿŵݣ˲䣬һʾʹҵԺ˳ʬɣ
ʬˣһʬɡ
үϴУʬʬʮʬظ˫ɰףݣָ״࣬ʬжɴ쳣ʬˮɸʴ÷ʬ߿ɿ֮
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ôԱӣ
ҲŻὫԼײеĽʬʵͰҵǰŵʬȷʵʬˡ
һҰްҶֳ˹
ҵҶ㣬ٳٲϽʬó
ΪʲôҪɱأ
Һ֪ܿ˴𰸡
ŵҧʱͻȻһ磬һЯƿյ죬ҵ˹
ʶһͷеͭǮ˹ȥȴһա
һͷȥʱ򣬷Ǹղ͵Ϯҵ˾Ȼһˣ˲ǱˣѰѾõʬŵͽԬ
ûҵСӵҵңͻȻҲ֪ϲǡ
Ҳ׹ˣŵʬΪʲôһʬɣԬСӶֽţûбĿģҪҵ
ƲţŭԬһ仰Ҳû˵еͭǮͳɱ˹
һ죬еͭǮԬеɻϣһƬӡ
һʮ֮˸Ժˣ߰׵ľ룬еķŭŶԷ
˼棬ۺ졣
ɱʦҵȣһ棬϶Ҫײ
ԬָҵһҪɱɲɣҵȣŵʬ⸱ģҪɱֱݡ
ٺ١ּˣԬһСӣһͺܲĺɻң֮޾ɱ
ҪأԼˣСӣСŸڸӣˣҧгݵ˵


216 Ưʦ
ԸҾûô鷳Ǹ̫ûУ֮ҲΪֱӽһ߽ʬëѪΣԬЦŸ˵
ʱתͷһţѾվԭһ
Ҹеǣڸոŵվŵǿô棬˿һ߳һ˻ǸŮģúɴ棬üʮ㣬۾Ҳͦģغɴ֮£Ӧһʮֿε
˿̣˫֮ȷԹ֮ɫҡ
Ůӵλ͹£͹ҲǶʮͷͻȻðһΪǴ͵ģǿŵķʱҶʱ˹Ů˿϶ǸԬһģΪŮŵķȻһлᦣ㿴ǸŮϾɢһɭɭ
ʱҵɻٴαˣҸղŻ룬ŶѾɽʬˣôſ˵ԭղžŮˣڴ棬ŪһɳƵɤѧŵӸ˵Ҫȥ͵Ϯңһɱ
ҿûôɵǰЩֻؿڱ˼ѪӣѾѪˣгǿ޸ⶼǰү͡
Ůһ¶棬ͳɨһֿۣԬʵСʦܣɱǵʦ
ҲϣǿӵʬʲôʱðһŮͽܣôûսǸ˵أ
ǵ鱨󰡡
Ԭÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵СɱǵʦϻһҪʦ𣡡
Ů΢΢üͷʵСʦܣĪǸˣˣҿֶҲһ㣬ôʦĶ֣
ԬЩ˵ʦ㣬ʱһ˸ʦģһУǺҪɱǵʦһСӡ
˵򣬾ɽҰ֮УͻȻֳ߰˸Ӱʦһ𣬽ŰΧм䡣
߰˸Ӱ߽һҲŷҲˣȻ߰˾߽ʬͷϻŻֽҲ֪ǸղŶʲôطһԶȫð˳
üһԬСܺӣǷҪҵɣ׼Ŀǹֵġ
һεεʦ㲻㣬Ū߰˾߽ʬ֣һ˴鷳
Ԭ˵ͬʱҲһֱڳ׼˻ңССͣ˼ܣҲ֪õҸܵĹϵŵʬϹɵɵľ͹ˣžǵ
һǵʬɵĹǿɱȵʬֲˣǵʬֱӾ˽ʬɱ
˿ұŰΧҲܲˣԬСӵ˵϶һˣԼֻ
үģСӣʦҸˣһСб¾ʹСүҪ£Ͳҵ֣ҺͭǮǸľͬʱϵķʬ˳
ʱķʬѾӦӯаĩ˵СѾҵ˸һƬѪĺ֮С
һԲϣֻܿ
Ԭһ־һɱ
ЩʬԴϵĻֽʱƮ˵ϣЩʬϿٵһɫĳëܿ˴⣬ǷָҲ˳׷ƽ𣬳ҵķ
һΪЩʬֻͨʬ⾹ȻǺëʬ״Ūģ
뵱꣬ҺǵǽĹʱֻһѰİëʬѾ׺߰˸ëʬһɣҶʱ;һİë
Ԭ֮еĿ־壬˵ЩëʬʦƶıǵʱֻһЩͨʬȥΪܹɱ㣬ҽʦĺëʬˣЩëʬУһҲԩʦ˼ҾȪ֮ҲܹĿˡ
˵գЩëʬͬʱһ˻𣬾ͳ˹
鼱ͷֻȷŴˣһѽеͭǮ׷ɶ𣬿ٵ˺ü־ͭǮʱ磬ɲǼͷֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮһͷɢȥһЩǴЩʬģһЩǴŮ˺Ԭġ
ͭǮ
ѦүӸ˵֮ҵΪ˵ͻͽͲǼ֮ǰһˣ֮ҪܶಽܽͭǮзųڿ˵һ͡


217 л
ͭǮļʮöͭǮͬʱ߰˾ߺëʬԬԼǸŮ˱ӵһǡ
⽣ͬһ㣬ǼߺëʬȻ㣬ԬǸʦȴò㿪ЩͭǮ
ԭΪ̺ŵҺȻ֮ͭǮĲһЩëʬϣ̾ͻеز𣬲ЩͭǮЩëʬϣȻ˵⣬ͭǮȫ˳ȥɢ䡣
üһëʬǲһ㰡ӲҲ֪ʬôĳôаԵ
ЩͭǮһЩëʬһ¾ͳ˳ȥΪΪһЩԬ˹ȥ
һμСӵʱΪԶ֮ϣҪʹóƴĴУͱŵˣղͬѦҴһʱ䣬ҵΪ˺ܴڵҺţһܹԸԬ
ڱԬʱٴ˼־ɢڸͭǮһͭǮУһ¾ͳԬؿڴ˹ȥ
ԬҲзһеǰɻʱͳҶͷ˹ֻὣȥСеɻǸɱǹԞųһմȾǹӵѿһ㣬ֵĺܲöԸ
ϴҾⶫҲ˽ⶫԣǹһ̣ǹǺ˳ͭǮӹ;˷ʬߣ˸첲ϣǺӣŷʬĩ˵Сһҵ˸ɻɢĺʱʬ߸ȥȻġ
ԬһֶΣһæӣһߴ˹ŷʬߵȥ񵲣һٴγԬؿڴ˹ȥԬһӷյĶ˹ȥ
Ҫǰ壬һʬ͵ҵǰһҪ̹ȥֵǰʬ徹Ȼţ˻ǴʱѾһʬ⣬Ĺڵ˭ſھͳҧ˹ŨʬζѬԴֱΡ
Ҳ˺ŵ壬ֻ˷ʬ߳˹ȥҲֻзʬܹȫŵʬ
еķʬ߸һŵӣžͻһ£ҷһŨǵصľͳҿٵӹһæ˼̧ͷȥʱ򣬾ͿԬǸʦ֣һлᦾͳҺɨ˹
ղŨʬǴлɢģÿһλӶлᦣҶƺܹ»ҺҲǹ˵ģлᦹҲһ˲÷
ȻղһС磬ҳ˲̵ҶлᦵϢιȥ֮󣬶ʱͿήֱǸɱ֪˵ϣһʲô;ú¡
ҲҸԬΪĪĴʦӲƴӲϵĺ࣬ôһطЩëʬŰһˣþһߺëʬŵҵĺ󱳾˹һӣֱӴҸ˹ȥתеķʬ߾ͳϺͱ˹ȥǺëʬһ˻ϰڣʬĩ˵Сٴξҵ˸ʼǺëʬڵɷ֮
Ͼһߺëʬһ׷ŵĶҪ뽫ëʬڵɷ֮ɣôҲҪӵĹ⾰
Ҹûôʱ䣬ѾﲢֻһߺëʬҸոմֻëʬӣļߺëʬͳ˹
ͬʱԬʦҲһͬɱڣƲɵ
ҺЩëʬǽӲģҴ˿̵ȣٶϲһЩ
ɿǾߺëʬһ¾˽ʬȺУ֣ڼ߽ʬ֮תŲʦ˵׷ɱ
ϴıԺڣ滷ɽԺǽϸߣܲˣڻĽҰ⣬ĸܶԡ
Ȼȷ˴򲻹ʦˣҲ
׻˵ĺãɽڲûգҺαظأ
һһҵᣬҪȻûر𰸼ս绰Ͻ˹Դȡʦ£˴зΧڵϽսӦúܸܿϵ
򶨣һ߸ЩëʬţһѰҳ·ܣʦƺҪܵӣȻԷɢסܵķȻһͬΧ£


218 ӡĶ
ʦ˲õʮȫʦƵİ˾ߺëʬ˹ŵʬƳʬаĶĿľҪɱŵķؿԱߡ
һıѾãһǺ޷ʱ˺ͣǵùߵײǹϡ
ëʬֶ֮ǰû˵ҪǰǸʬģһϴרżζԸЩҿ϶Ҳˡ
үЩëʬֵ¸ȥУéɽһΣЩëʬȫɱʦˣҿûүǰΪҵ߶֮£éɽ嶥ܲٿһʬȥЩëʬ
Ҳܲˣʦֱӷסҵȥ·ԬɻЯƿ֮Ҵ˹ʱеķʬþһ߽ʬϣǽʬһڣߺëʬʱƵʱһžͽǺëʬ߷˳ȥǺëʬշԬ
Ǽߺëʬٴ˹ŲŲͣ㣬ŷʬߣɵĶǣʱʱĳЩëʬһӣЩëʬܱʬҿƸʮӲܶ
ϾıǼǰʬһеģÿһڸʬʬ嶼пãֻҵв޷ܺõʹЩ
Ҹоʮֱߵ顣
ڱǰǺ࣬˵֮Ѿû֮ǰǰˣЩ˺ͽʬΧ֮£һʱûˡ
¿Ǻã취ӳȥǡ
ôһԬʦͻʬлᦳҴ˹һȷ棬Żлÿ趯һ£ƺХ֮ҲӦҲ֪ⶫ֮Ǹʲôֻѡ㣬Щҧĺëʬڻ
һͨ򣬺Щæң鼱֮䣬ͻȻ뵽һѦС߸ҵǸлɢ֮ǰһֱôãûǲݳһǲˣֻҪлɢܹ鷭סˣʵЩëʬҲûʲôµĵط
ֻҪҷʬ֣ûʲô⡣
ߣЩëʬҲǽٿصģ˶סˣëʬײУûָҲһɢɳ
ֻ˱ϾߣΪҲͣҪ鷭ǣҲһɵ飬ұҪ䲻⣬͵ϮС
뵽һ֮ҲתŲΪǸԬ˹ȥ
СһҪɱңҳȥֱӾӦеɻɱڣ趯һţͷͳҴ˹ͭǮ˼Уܿһֻ־ͳŻƲڴ˹ȥлɢ˳ϢĴƿӣֱӾͳԬ˳ȥ
ĳȥЩлɢʱҵǽһۣôõĶһȥ˷һ룬ҪѦСǸŵļһҪһˡ
ԬСҲǺ޷ҾƿʱʶĶһ£һƬƮɢҲСһСһͷʱһеɻʱ˵ϡ
үģˣ
лɢֻҪȥһЧͻԬסˣҾҪ㲡Ҫˣ
һΣͭǮͳԬĿڴ˹ȥСӣҪ
Ǿ͵ҵĽ͵ؿڵʱлᦾǹӰһҵǰһ춯;סҵͭǮɨҵؿڡ
Ҿؿһ϶ʱĹڶݣӽշ𣬳ź浹˳ȥ
ղһ룬СелᦴǸʲôоھᵽˣ͵ϮԬСҲ͵ϮңԵ֣Ҳˡ
ӹ˵ϣԴ죬оʲôƴ꣬һֹһƺҲҪˣСелᦸԬеɻ֮ͬ˻ǵĶǸлзӡĶһлᦴУЩƹ֮ƴ꣬ҵ꣬һʮĵֶΡ
ҵʱһӲԴѣʹͣӿµǣЩëʬһ˹
һҧһٵתȹһ꣬ʱЩ֪æʬһͽҧס


219 ȻС
ʬܹһĶҽʬҧһǿȹܹ꣬ͨʬߵɵϵĶŷʬĩ˵Сһҵ˸ٴЩһΣЩޱֻƬ̣Ȼֹȫʬ߸ٵɵˡ
ʬߴ־һҵٴλָ֪
Сǹݵİôһлᦣ֪ҪȥŪһаķ
ģĻԣ쵷Щʲô
벻ͨ
͵ǰһߺëʬ˹ʱһͦٴվŹԣһǺëʬϣô˺ܴͳǺëʬײ˹ȥǺëʬײ˳ȥ˺ļ߽ʬϡ
һײҵļۣëʬ治һӲûʲô
ҳԬķһۣԬѾ̱˵ϣʦƺʮֹϵСӵİΣֻЩëʬסңڵϣԬΡ
Ԭ϶û¶ģֻǱ鷭˶ѣԬ˵һûУʮֻ֣̿Сݺݵĳ߿һۣһЩǹͷԬıǰһš
һСóһ룬ˣСﲻнҩɣ
ѦС߸Ķôװɣһ˾ܽ
ҷȫǶˣԬһǸ֮ܶˣֻǻվڵϣǴ߶ͼлɢĶƳ⡣
ԬСӽҿ϶ɱˣСΪƺ֮ϣ˾ߺëʬԼŻɵʬɷҵһԼʵƻǸɲſСлɢĻ϶вͨˣС϶˷
ʱܣʱ
ܰɣ
СкԬʱܹǼ߽ӲĺëʬͳһСɽ·˹ȥ
ûϼһ˷Ϯ;һ亹
Ҷס˽ŲŷʬߣܿȥźɫɷŰƬ֮Ǽźɫɷ۳ΣһЩɫɷ۳ɵΣҶʱסˡ
ЩҼһμǵʱ򣬻Ǹ
⼸ԬаƳɵĴͷޣԴ綷ӺСǴԴϳϡļëԴܲ˵ĺɫѪܣ˫Ѫ죬ݣʮа
׻˵ĺãСѲЩСײвҲݣһҪĶ
⼸СһһڲͬССһѪ·ģС裬һ˫۾Ѫ죬Դǲ󣬵Ѫ۾ĶаݺܲѪܡ
һСҵһɽѹ
ΪССȣŮһĴڣȻԬ˵аС
ͻȻһҪƿڴĳ嶯ҼǶôõһӣȻҲСһСа֮ʶͻ𣬳Ϊһɱ˹ߣҲ˵ڵѾǰǸˣڱСһĴڣ׵ײеа
Һò׽ȵʶСϰðΣգÿһζһ˰˸һʹ࣬ڱһ¾ʹԭΡ
ҵܲʹô
ڿȱ֮ҵ
һޱߵķŭؿȼҵĶʬɣֽΪŮСү˰壡
ĵӾͱҵĵߺۣ˭ǸҴҾ͸ƴ
үģˣƴ
ҲǺùôĻҵȣ
һ¾ͽʬ˳ޱߵķŭʹ֮£֮ǣʬĩ˵С˸һĺ⣬΢΢ζ
һμͣҪһеˡ
ðɣ㣬ɱʹʹ죡
һʬߣ߻ƵǼͷ޶ʱ¶ľ֮ɫĴɢΨȳƮ˹а񣬻Сͷ촽Ҫһڽ̽о
ŷʬߣŴʱ˿̵ȣҵȻһײеС²ȥ֣һӣҾһĵεΣƮӡ


220 
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᲻á
ôһĹȾͳ˹գۼؿڣסҵĲӣſھҧһɾĵĴʹȫҸоʲôҪȵȥ
žʹᣬҷһŭһħӡһӡȵϣ˳ȥ
²֣˺ңҲ²ȥֻ֣ѡˣĸͷҲһͨҺХǶԸǣȴĴ´ŻֽĸСʹ˹ȥ
ĸСҲʮĽɫɢŽĻֽסȥ·ֻһ٣ҾץסʱеķʬߣͳһͷС˹ȥ
ٵתϴ߶ŷʬߣǴͷһ±÷ʬУʱ׻Ҳ벻ˣӷʬ֮д޾ǸͷޣҽУŭһ޼£ȴֻл
գۼ䣬һͷ޾ͱʬ˸ɸɾһźɫѪ˷ʬ֮С
ҵ۾죬ĴͷСϵŭȼɱЩСҲЩη壬ոһͬ鱻еķʬǲò£ξոձСȣҲ¶һ˿ӡ
ҲȥҲٸ⼸ͷ޾ͳŸղܵ·۷˻ȥ
ҸСʹŰ˾ߺëʬʬɾӭǼͷ޷ǰҶխɽϡ
ôˣСелᦣָң˵
Ŀ¶׹⣬ɱڣ΢΢鶯ЦˣҪʦȫɱˣʦһ
ǺǡôĿʦһʱɥУǽ죬Բ뿪Сֵ
ܻܲ˵㣬Ҫ˭ȭͷӲҵҲϻһͭǮһֻŷʬ߾ͳСɱ˹ȥ
Сһ֣ǰ˾ߺëʬͳҴ˹
һ̣飬ŭƽ
һֻ̣ɱˣȴ˼Լ˭ǼңҾҪ˭ÿɣñĸһЩֻ޾ĥ֮УŻ׳ɳ
Ϣսֹ
ɱɱɱ
ڱСͬʱҽͭǮҵĸ첲ϻһӣѪմͭǮѪ֮⽣ǿԼѪιԼĽŻͨһĹ
ǰĵһߺëʬ˹ֱŽӭȥ
Ƿʬ߶ԸЩëʬãȴãΪɱĲʹ졣
ҸǺëʬӭϣǺëʬָһץסҵļ򣬴Ƥ֮УеĽҲͬʱǺëʬؿڡ
ӿͭǮͭǮѪ
մȾѪͭǮޱȣֻ࣬һҽͭǮǺëʬؿڣ˽ȥֽ˳Ŵ¡
Ǻëʬؿڴʬй籡ȫҵϣȳ˱ǡ
̧һžͽǾߺëʬ߷ڵأͭǮ˳
ǸڵðŴʬĺëʬҿûһۡ
ֻһӣѪٴξȻͭǮͭǮϺ磬ɷڣٴθ
ŴѪͭǮֱ˵ڶߺëʬһͱǺëʬҲӿ˼Ѫӣϵ·˲ͱѪȾˡ
ŵڶߺëʬĵ£̧ͷлᦵСҳЦС￴ҵƺ͸©һ˿֣ͻȻ૵˵ˡ
ǰҵȷǷˣ㽫ҼҺŪ⸱ģܲô
ٴǸðʬĺëʬҷ˺ļ߽ʬ֮ҳԱһ͹ʯͷ˹ȥŶ͵ɽſ첽Ų˼£ܿƹЩס·ĺëʬСɱ˹ȥ
ҽʬ߽ҧΪľǵֿסСелɢʬͭǮ߸߾һɽСԴϾͿȥ
СȻ֣Ϊȷʵ֮ϣͷӦ˹елһһɺϯǹɴʹٴϮȫֻôһ˲ʬĩ˵Сٴ˸ЩĶȫɴҲһеĻеͭǮӭлᦾһͿ


221 սΪ
һٶ˥˥ߡ
ŭһҪɱǿСȱѩޣҸղԲֱëʬ˼צӣ˺ۣѪһ͹ҲЩߣڵĴϢ
ټелʵһ񶾵ķӡĶȳʬɨҵϣÿһζǰһƤĸоҧķʬ߽ʬ͸ϵĶɵˣһЩϻ֮ȥ
ǶҲǱڵģŵˣֲҪĴЩӣղŵһǿƵˣƮһʯͷ֮ϣһ˫ŭҡ
ǰѲϵѪͭǮЩҡΣȴǳǶ¶һ΢΢̵Цݣҵһϰߣ˺ģŭʱϾͻ᲻ԾĵĨЩаȵЦݣҲ洫ģֻҪһЦˣ֪϶ûк¶ȫԶԶĶңЦˣҪɱ˵Ľࡣ
ǶлᦣƵ˵ƴĸ죬ҿ㻹ڵʲôʱ򣿡
ҺٺһЦ¶һڴǶ˵ĵҲСܲܽҿɴҿ㳤ĺòÿĳأľ̫ˡ
ҪˣˣƤӣҪ۵ʱ򣬹ٸ㿴ɣ˵գʹǿʯͷелһ裬ʱһŨƮͬʱЩëʬҲ׷һεΧ֮С
һβһΣڵѪ̫ˣЩʬӵģԼģһ·ѪϣܲԴЩѣ֮С
һҵĶ˼֣һ߻ҪǶлᦣһ߻ҪߺëʬŵǣаСڵǼͷһֱͷһ͵Ϯҡ
Ща֮УֵȺŵʬҲţѹĺܣ֮Ͼֶ˼˿ڣ۵졣
ȥҪС
УҪŴˡ
һһն˳ȥ˼ĺëʬٵĴ߶ԴԴϵͬʱָ׻üĴȡһξѪ߶ͭǮ֮УһΣһǴ߶ͭǮ󣬶һǶ˾Ѫ
û취ΪŴ͵УòֶΡ
ϴζþѪ߶Ԫ֮ǶԸʬŵʱȴҪԸͽܡ
һ֮ҵĵ٣Ѧҵү˵һǱˣƾҲָˡ
һβͬΪĿǰ˵ҵ֮еԴԴϵģϴһݽߣȫǲݵĽࡣ
һζþѪ߶Ԫֻ֮ҵ𣬲صϴһĿɱľء
ڻ֮䣬ǻΪҪɽڲûգΪԺָСû˾ʲôûˣұ˭Ķ
ͭǮٴα׷ɵ˰֮УͷĴ߶֮£ͭǮһεķֽ⿪ÿһöͭǮ˵⣬ⲻϷֻĽʱͳܱ
ͭǮҼһɲǣҿǶ֮ٴһĨ֮ɫһΣʱһʯͷ˹ȥǵⷢĴɢ䣬ǻǹӵһȥʯмɣЩǹĺëʬڱͭǮ֮Ҳ˲ٿʬйգۼߺëʬز𣬾ͷϵǼͷҲδ⣬һֱӴĻ⼸ҲˣӰһΡ
ڽȥ֮һСȿһۣˣӰҲĺܵ
Ҳûа취еʹҲֻԼܹᡣ
һǿĹ֮ٴһ־ɢڸͭǮһٴηɻҵС
ʱңѾҡҡ׹һʼ˷ӿڵ֮У֧ҲҪ£Ҫսսһ̣սΪſԵ¡
ʦܴİ˾ߺëʬھͻʣܶģȫսҲǲˣǺëʬаһߣҲǰܸſµģѾˣԼҲû뵽ڵʵԽߺëʬĺ
˿̵ͭǮվһʯͷϣۿǶʯͷĶֱҲͭǮĶǶ˳


222 ɫͷ
Ƕܵĵͦ죬֪ͭǮղŲǿʯͷͭǮǧٿףҪǲҸطһ㣬Ҳɸӡ
㻹ܴͦģǸӲӣҲƣ㻹Ϊҵɱ㣡Ƕһ߳˹һ˵
ٴγٺЦҺֹӲӣиҪҪԣ
ҵҪ̡˵գǶٴλелᦣһΣҷлᦵļƸ֮ǰȫһˣлᦵʱ򣬽̤ģÿһ£󣬶۲ɢһոձļߺëʬʬͻȻԶȻǵϾһӵĺ̡
ҿףͳˣЩëʬʬͻȻȼֳһֹɫɫĻԽԽǶﲻϵŪелᦣЩɫĻЩͺëʬڶ𣬻һ𣬻һɫͼҶһǸͷģüһʲôŹֵ
Ƕелٴ趯һ£ǸɫɵͼͳѸδҾ͸ܵⶫ棬ĺë
ͷһμôҲ֪ӦԣⶫȻɭ϶ĶǷʬܿƵķΧ֮ڣ붼û룬ҾͭǮٴνʬ˳ɫͷ˹ȥ
ɫͷգۼĹײҵϣ϶ʱȼһĵĻ磬һȣģһֱ͸˹赱УһʼʱҲûʲôĸоǺܿ죬ɫȼ
һľʹ鲼ȫ
үһҵ꣬ʬôȫЩ˻ɢУɥ
ʹһʼܣƬ֮ͼ࣬Ϊʬĩ˵Сʼ˸ڿٵЩɫҲϵĴ߶ȹ꣬ʱʹ
Ұͷ˲ҵʱǶелٴһǼߺëʬٴθһɫĻ磬һһȼɫͷٴγײ˹
һȼͷҾЩԲˣͷһһҵҪЩյĻʱҲоһѹȸС
̫Եһһ޾ҵΪ֧ŷʬ߿ٵɵȼҶٳһѳֲסˣ
ô죿
ӣ걸ܼ尾ôŲˣӱߵǣǶָʣߺëʬԾ󻹸Żʬɣ
һǻˡ
һͼײϵʱһɫĻڣʬߵûˣʬȻھЩҲ޷ȫֹЩҵꡣ
ʹֱʹ֮𣬵ȴյĻɢϵ
ĿһߺëʬǷָ׳ҵĿѾʹ˹ȳζԽԽ
ұ۾ȴٵһ̡
ʱһƿյҶ߻ʲôҸոձϵ۾ˣҸе˼ǣǰһߺëʬؿڣȻһݵĸֵԻζѣ
ôֵ˭أ
ɻ󲻽ʱͻȻͶһˣһɫ·ûҿģǴŻɫ·˾óһɫķе̨̫ǣӦͣа飬뷣
գɫķͳĿڵķλ˹
˵Ҳ棬ɫķؿϵʱ򣬶ʱоһȵϢȫ̩ͨȼŵЩĵĻʱϨˣĸоҲʧ
һн֮ҵ̱һƨɾ˵ϡ
һֹҵˡ
ҪǾ˭ʱһֻ־ʹҵĸ첲ϣ˶СŸ硭û¶ɣ
һͷһʱϳˣ˲ر𰸼С鳤ô
СӳģǸŮӣһЦʱϻСѣô
һǰ濴ȥһŻɫɽװӰվҵǰ棬һֻס˲ǺëʬؿڵĴ󵶣̧һžͽǺëʬ߷˳ȥ


223 ʬ
Ǻëʬʱ˳ȥ˺ߺëʬʱʬйۿžҪȫޡ
ǰǸô󵶽һߺëʬ˲Ǳˣر𰸼ĸˡս塣
СӴǾߺëʬϰγǰڳĴ֮Ϳ˼ϣʮ㡣
һֱҶսģһ۾Ƶģԭ˼ôһô󵶵ˡ
Ҳǣܹر𰸼ְˣƶǷˣ϶ֲߣοս廹صĸأҪûӣܵôĹ٣
˲ֻսˣҵҲһĽŲһͷһȻվ߰˸ɽװˣ滹һŮġ
˹˺٣صôΣյĲţôŮأ
˵ŮĳĻͦƯ
ұЩ£һôˣ
¶˵ȵһ£Һ鳤ʰ֮ϸ˵˵䣬ҽһˣǸʮ߰ˣ΢΢һЦ˵СֵܣЪţһ˰˿ڣʰǡ
˵֮󣬶ʱǰ˼ֱǸŮĽסˣŮûдɽװȴǴһɫľװͷβ裬˶Ьʮְ׾ҲǶʮͷҾǿʯͷϣ˵ֱӽһҩӴˣó˱ˮͿʼҰϵ˿ڡ
Ůһ仰Ҳ˵Щɽ˵˼
˵Ҳû˵ˣһžûĶʹԼԼʱҲǷԼԼֶôأһͺˡ
ս忸һڳĴ󵶣ӾͳǰǼɽװ˺ܿ͸ȥ
һ̣սĿе˷츲صı仯ǻʱս壬ֱ͸һŻƵģһѴ󵶣һСܾ͹ˣ·ǸƣקĲҪҪġ
սеǰڳĴҲһķҪȻҲһ¾ͽͭƤǵĺëʬһԴڳĴ󵶴ӼжָǶ˵꣡עܾˣ֪ǵĹأ˳һ˰ɡ
ǶսһȺȴǲ壬лᦣվڲԶ˵Щں֮ڣ׽ңֱΣҪɱң㾡ܷǣ
ԭֲ꣬˳ĿҲǲ
ǶһԲϣųɱУелһХǼߺëʬȼյɫٴξۼлᦵ棬۳һ޴ͷսײ˹
ʬ𣡹ǰѧʬŵҲǺˣ˵գս;ǰڳĴ󵶣һɽͳɫͷȥһӴ֮籡˲佫ɫͷ룬ǵâֳǶ˹ȥ
ǶҲǺֶΣелһһŨĺʱ͵籡磬սеĴƬŪһƬǶһţһʱ䵶ǽһ찵ء
ҿսʹҲʮ趯֮ʱ滮ʱ򣬷һ˿ȵĺ죬©
ÿһÿһʽǴ󿪴ϣͣ磬ʯͷϣʯͷ׷ѳ룬һ硣
õһԿ𾢶סȲʵ
һϵ˿ڣ۵һ졣
Ұ˿ڵǸŮüͷ΢Щ˵˵ҪҶ˿ء
ҺٺһЦͷʵõʲô
ŮͷҲûֻ̧ǵ˵鳤ҴѧŹԵ
ŹԵͷ˵ð֣
һ߰˸ɽװҲûţ׷׳ߺëʬɱȥר˶Ըɵʬɡ
ͷƮƮȥǼͷޣҲȫӦ
Щ˷ֹϸԷֳ˺üȥӦЩа
ҿȺУսΪ֮⣬һҲò˵ǾССӵĽŲʮֹŹ֣߶쳣һӾ硶˲жõ貨΢жŷûУΪΪָ


224 ͵Ϯ
Ƕ͸£ֶȴʮָµĲľһ磬ÿÿŶվȴܻΪģָذһķͲЩʬһ£ЩëʬһǺëʬϾͻдʬй
ͭǮëʬϣҶ˳ȥСƾɵָܹڽʬϴһʮֶΣǴ˵ϣȻҲܴѪ
ϸһƣָ֮ǸģȻҲ߶ǴС͵ͯӹ
սЩһѵأԷֹȷϵľܿͱסˡ
ҪǸղһҪĴ򷨣ҲʵЩëʬʹͷ˵һЩǴ˿ӦҲ̫Ϊѡ
ĸɽװ˶ԸǼƯڿеĴͷ޵ʱҼԭ̤һ̤Ųӣһ߳ſеЩͷŻƷɢҺ·ЩֽҲû˵ЩͷޣֻһɵУ;ҵȼЩȼչĻֽɵĻҽҲûеڵϣֱֱƮϿգΣҲ֪ʲô
Щͷڰ֮ƮƮȥʱŻֽȥʱһվŵ˾óľǼͷһɱľ֮ЩСȻâ׷׶ܡ
һ׷ɳȥ˼ʮŻֽʱ򣬶ʱܷɢܵһֻ֮һ˵󣡡
˸һָͳ֮ȥ˵ִӵϳʱһĻͳˣǼͷ޵ͷͻȻͳһɽɫ˿ɵ޵ʱǼͷްǼһʱǼͷһε޵֮Уϵĳŵ
Ǽͷ޼ҪڵϵʱһֱľֵܶʱͳȥҧгݵľͶǼͷһɱ
һĻҲ˲侪ѣҼȻ޵֮ء
Ҳ˲ϵʹһӾվֹλѣ飬ǸСС£ҼҹŮ
ǼɱͷСɽװʱסˣתͷ߿ֿһߺëʬƺСŸԼˣ˵ʲôǱ㰴˵á
ǼľɽװתȥŴеļͷ޿ɱ
ľϵķת̽Ǵͷ޵֮УЩͷ޷׷׷ĲҽУһɹɵĺɢֻһȣżɽװ죬ޱ׶
ӣҲһĵۣأ
ʶѾȻ޴ˣһֻ֪˵СȴҶȥ
ҲǽȴĻɢģڳ׶СҲǺҹѹģڱӣҲȫҶҲ˾顣
ֻʣһɢŽУרһ˸ȣǼֱǵߣǶԸߺëʬŵɵʬɡ
⼸һ룬ǱߵʵʣߺëʬɵʬۿҲܿҪ£ʱҲòһǣһҪ˺ŵʬϾҵľˣҲʬܵ˺
ҵĻȻҲߺëʬ߰˸ǧٿףز𣬻ð󸯳ʬŵʬסóһŻֽĶͷ֮ϣռʱס
͵һоҪ䶨ʱһʼδ鷢ˣӺڰ֮ͻȻһӰԱһɢںɻͷͳһ˵ȥ
һɽװиʮ꺺ӣɻϵʱ򣬶ʱһѪɽԽӶ˳Ǹɽװĺ߶ûüһ͵˵ϣ
һıңɼıѾá
·ͻȻ˭ûзڰ֮лһˣǸ˾лɢԬû뵽СôͻеĶһֱڰ͵͵۲죬ĿľΪһ
Ԭһеֳ֣һԴ˹ȥ


225 ɥ
Ǹ˷ӦҲʱԴ΢΢һƫɻͲͷƤ˹ȥԬСӺݰһذףǸ˵ĺľʹ˹ȥһþ˺ϣذ׶û˵ĺ󱳡
Ǹ˻ûüת͵˵ϣ鴤ֹۿҲǻˡ
ԬСоһɱɽװˣ˸ոշӦʱֵܿתìͷߡ
ССȴļıʮļһھƵж쳣׼ȷ֪ʲôطʲôط᲻ɴݣһɱΪ΢ЩˣͿߡ
֮һʼûжԸ϶ǾΪȽϸߣżǿķӦ²һе֣ʱͻ뱻ľ棬Ű
Ѿ˵ĹˣԲԬСӵĶ֣˫ɱ𣬾ҪĽࡣ
ɱ֮첽ɣǺڵɻͳͳ˹ҿϣޱȵķߺ޺ںҺ޵Ŀ϶޲ýҴҵĽࡣ
ڿұһ̣һ־ͽһԵͭǮУȻ𣬾ҪԬȥһ;ԴһѣʧѪ̫ԵʣЩ֧
ҸոԬŹ˹ͷһŨǵأ
ͭǮȥʱҷһֱ߸Ұ˿ڵǸŮͻȻҵǰ棬˼룬ͳԬ˹ȥ
ԬҶûϵŮ֮Ǹߣһʮ
Ǽ뻯˼׹⣬ԬȥԬԭŵĹӶʱ˻ԼǰתһȦЩϵɨ˳ȥ
ôһɽװľͳԬ˹һԵرŭţɱҸĳϵܣҸƴˣ
ǸǸ׳һӣеķȻ˶İ師ԬžͿȥ
Ԭ־һеİ師ɳȥһѡ
СӲǸţССͣΪﵽֵز
ԬɱңѾûлˣΪõĻѾʱ߸ɽװŰΧһƬ⽣Ӱ֮С
վǰǸŮҽ߳Ԭһۣۿ΢΢Щ죬ͳŸոձɱɽװ˹ȥ
Ⱥ˱ҵߣһɻԴԽӶ˳϶ǻˣһ˺ģûȫһֱϵӿѪһһϵģһ˫۾Ҫ˵Щʲô
Ůҽ߶ڵϣЩҭ˵硭ʲô˵ľ;˵ɡ
˵ţŮҽ߾ͽԴȥԼУ˺ĵˣѵ˵ҡӡϱ
һĻû˵꣬һͷɥȪ
ˣǰĬĬţһսսϵӢۣһԴʱڿϵˣҪԸĲ׼ĴͽҲ·ٵǿҪԸһӵǿߣЩ˵ɱƻԶԶЩ׼ĴٱǧûǵĴڣ֪ж޹֮ɥ
ǵû̫֪ΪǵĴҲǹҪصܣܶ˲֪ߵĴڣ֪һ˼ܵս֮ϡ
ȴҼס˵֣һиĳһ
ͨǵҲ˽⵽үүһӵжôգǲɾӢۡ
ǵʬڵϣѪɺӵӣ֪ģҾͱˣұЩᡣ
Ůҽƺǿˣֲһ۽ǵۣ֣ǸĿ˫ۣ૵˵磬ģһչ˺ɩӺͺӵġ
˵գŮҽ߾תͷȥϷƵĴѶ̵ҽõһСɣ˫֮ȴĸԼһһ㣬ͳԬ˹ȥ
ٴγŵʬ忴һۣһͬʱָ߶˵˷ԴԴϵӿҵ塣
ֻҪһûе£սͲֹͣ
Ȼ˿̵˺ۣƣڵϵˣҹ˶־ԬСүģ첻ɱ㣬ͶԲסλֵ֮ܵ顣
ٴͭǮҲս֮УԬɱ˹ȥ


226 ŹԵ
ԬҲ֪ʲôֶνлɢĶ˿Ѿָ״̬ƺȸղŻҪͣҺ˵Χ֮£Ȼ˿·硣
֮ƴͬʱҷСӵ۾Щ쳣ƺ΢΢һ˿ɫеǸɻڶĺɫʬ֮ǰҪŨ֣ܵŨʬӰ죬˵ĶԱЩٻΪɻŵĺǿ˻ǵаЩһЩǲȴǵܵһЩˣٶȺ͹˲١
̤ٶȺ͵ĲȡʤٶҲȻڶ࣬һʱȴҲκβԬȫܵǣơ
ҸղΪ˶ԸǶȲ֮£þѪ߶˵ˣټϴ˿˺ۣʵǰƾһѪ¶ϣԬ˼֮󣬱ѾЩϵ麹ֱðҪǵͣת˷ӿѾſڵϲˡ
ԶսеĴǶлײһ𷢳Ķ첻ڶ
ŵǼߺëʬ˿ȫȼһŵɫ棬ЩɫĻܵлᦵǣЩмε˻ײȥ̹ɫ֮ǰҲս˵ʬ𣬺ʬŵ洫ҲǸ˲õֶΡ
ĴУûʬùǻûüãұǱͭǮɱʱҪܻ졣
Ҫ˵ʬ֮ԱɱһеԵɻΪС
ɫĻţ֮УͰԬ˺ܶ鷳ǵɫ绹ǳսǱ߶ȥ
սеĴ󵶱趯ĺ죬ӿȴҲܹɫĻˡ
սãս廹ûнǶ£ɵþЩˡ
ͻȻһŹԵ
ʱ䣬һĻͷˣսڶ̶̵ļӵʱͱ˾Ÿλٶȿľͺһͬʱֳ˾ŸֱվڲͬķλǶ￳˹ȥ
ʵս岢ûΰƽķֻٶĳһʱ̴ﵽһַ˼ĵزٵı˾ŸλͬһٵĿ˾ŵ˿̣ҲᵽʲôŹԵʮ㣬žŹһȡ׼
ս罫ŹԵΪһʹ֮ͻȻ䣬һƺߴǶǱߴ˹
һϲ룬̫ˣսˡ
ǵһͷȥʱ겢ûеڵϣ϶˺ۣѪ˳·еǸлᦣֱӱսеĴ󵶶ϳ˺üأɢ˵ϡ
սʹԵһ֮󣬾վǶ׵ĵطǰѲϵѪĴ󵶣Ķųꡣ
ʦ㣡һֱǺսԬһ֮ŤŷһŭĺͻȻһɫҩ裬һĿ֮£ԭĿһ꣬ͻȻһɢųĹеǸɻҲȻǣһӳߺɨɽװϣƺһʱɻ˳ȥڵϲֹϺڡ
ԭҲǶ㲻ģֻһԵһҵߣյĶ㿪Ǹɷڵɻ
һӱˣ֮ԬͳսǱɱ˹ȥսٴеĴ󵶣ȴʢŭ֮µԬһӵ˳ȥ
ԬͱǶߣһѽ𣬾ͳźڰ֮п񱼶ȥ
׷һ˾ͳԬܵķ׷˹ȥ
һˣԬղµĵʲôһӾͱôȻǿˣΪʲôҪأ
ʱԬθһ࣬ɢһɶ˲ŧʮֳªʱǶܵȴǷɿ죬ܿʧҹɫ֮С
СǸˣʱ򲻽Ժ϶Ҫ鷳ģҾԲܾˡ
뵽ҲͭǮԬ׷˹ȥ
ǰ׷˰ʮףҾͿԬӰͶס˽Ųڵ϶׷еͭǮȴǿ硣
ٴδ߶ͭǮ׷˳ȥԬķһָͭǮͻһ⣬Ԭķȥ
һٶ׵ľ룬ͭǮֱԬĴϡ


227 ʬ
ԬĽŲһ٣˵ϣܿתͷݺݵĳҵķһۣ㽫ǲȸϵͭǮһԣǶһȳһյĳԶӶݡ
ôһɽװ׷ȥ׷Ԭĺ棬ѾЩһϢĶͻȻͳǶȥһԲĶǶһ֮󣬶ʱѿһƬڣôԶҾŵһɳ˷θζƮɢ˿
һ˶ʱЩĺУһŵӳζҾ֪ʲôöǵİΣͱס˿ڱǣԼͳǱ׷˹ȥһͻȻͳһˣתͷʱս磬ǰѴ󵶾׷˱˴˿һۣһͬ׷ȥ
ߵߵʱŨŨĺѾɢĲˣͿڵļ˶˵ϣסĿԣᣬֱһء
սˣ첽ߵ˷ڴԶЩķΧ֮ڡ
Ҳ뿪˴ں֮еģһʲô鶼ûУŮҽߣһ֪֡
˽Բֹļ˴˺ķΧ֮ڡ
ٻͷȥʱԬѾǶʦûӰ
ˣ׷϶׷ˣﲻЩĵǣһѣԬҵĺּ˼֣һ鷳ʱ򣬹ƾͲˡ
ӶˣٵҲûʲô塣
ҾͿ˵ŵ⼸ˣһϺ۾죬аļ
սǰѴ󵶣ŮҽߣʵС̣ǼΣ
磬ʬͷųĶû֮ǣֻʬĶԻڣ֮Ż꣬ǻʳ񣬿ʲô¡ŮҽЩǵ˵
ʬøʬʬˮƳɵʬսüͷʵ
ŮҽĬȻĵ˵ͷ
ûʲôƽİ취սʵ
еУһȥҪ취һ֮ڲƽķӡŮҽ߻ص
һ뵽Щеаָʬйأ뵽˷ʬߣܹһܽڵа
ܲܰаҽʬ˳ߵߣסʬߵĩˣסһߣеķ߶˷ʬߣŷʬĩ˵Сһҵ˸϶ʱ뵳һźŷʬ߻۶գۼĹа֮ͱʬһɸɾɫڻָ
¶һ֣սŮҽ߶ɴ۾ɵ档
Ůҽ߻̲סʵõʲô
ҳŮ΢΢һЦ˵洫ķүүҵġ
ս˵ͷ˵ֲⷨҾ죬ԭֳõıô㣬ɼʮӡ
⻰˵ģҼүܲôҿӡҺٺһЦ
˵Уͬķʽļ˰γϵаȫƨɴӵվȺսһָʾս峯Ԭߵķһۣ˵ܲģᱻץסȲȥˡ
˵ţսͳ˹ҵļ˵һȥҶȣ֮ûٸϵô𣿡
ǺõĲˣԬʦһֲͨˡε˵
¶ĲܣѾõϢ˷Ԭʦ٣⸽ǻȷеĵصҲû⸽һܿˡսЩǸ˵
磬Ҹл㻹أҪλѹԮ˵ҾͱǶɱˡԵ˵
սûٸ˵Щʲô˵ͷԸæɨսЩëʬʬȫ£ưá
ҺսߵһʯͷŮҽ߸ˣŮҰһ֮󣬺ܿþѪ߶Ԫ֮˲ֻʧһֵΪ
ҲԤϵ飬ԴҶþѪʱҾѾԤϵˣұеʱ䲻˵ʲôص⣬Ժʱ仹أֲ
սȴЩ𱸵˵˵Сӣ͸ƴһθʬƴʱ򣬾ģһ޷ˣһΣ㾹Ȼ


228 ԩԩ౨ʱ
ôʵûа취ˣҪǵĹͷҲѡֶΡ
սҲΪҺãҲû˵ʲôֻǸǧҪҼүӣҪȻ϶ٲһٳΪϴﱻٵ飬үûٷģˢ
սҲӦ¸ү˵Ҳŷ
˼䣬ĹһʮĺӾ˹ﻹһݸս磬ʲôҸղԬǱܵ·ϼġ
սӹǸ﷭һۣͷ˵ⶫһִԬСⶫҲϡ棬ǼͷС֮ǰӦþŵģⶫûʲôôûȥ˰ɡ
˵ţҲ˹ս˵ͷֿҵСŸ磬δʬɺǸС
һԴһʬţбг죬һСȣҵĶʱһʹ
ǰҸδأ
һƳʬɣһֻ֪˵Сǲˡ
ҳһվߵŵʬԱߣĳ˼ҵʬһ˵ţˡҲԲסˡ
˵ţҾʹ߶˷ʬߣǷʬߴŵϣŷʬߺâ˸кУŵһҵĶָ̱֮˱ģ
űڵãʬѾǰ븯״̬ɢʬ
뽫ŵʬ°ᣬսȴܾͷԭʬʬ壬ܵӰ죬׷ʬģõİ취ֱӽʬûˣʬ²ԭ
ԭԸʬǲܹ𻯵ģҲûа취ֻҪսĽ飬˽ŵʬߣЩëʬһ𻯳𻯡
սһ飬ǾǽԬϵǸңҪСװ֮С
սҵ뷨Ҳʾķԣ˵ȶѾСûԭʶõİ취ǽ䳬ȣΪˣõĹޡ
ʵҲ뷨һ뵽ôã᲻뿪ңߣ֮ǰҲ뿪ҪȻҲһֱҵߡ
ս飬ұʾӣǽսǸ֮УҶڴ˿̵Ȼһ˿룬ȻܹͨһЩ취ָʶأ
ҵٶܹĿԻָʶпҾȥѦүӣʵûа취Ļֻܽȸˡ
ڴ£ҲûжĵѦλүȻҽҲֻҽ˵ģѵҲҽΣδЩ̫ˡ
һϣܱûеǿһȥһµĺá
ս֮սǱ߾Ѿϵˣмɽ£ʱʮɽװˣЩ˸սһˣѷɫ˺ö࣬мߣҲΧ͵ģڹ׽Ԭյǲ岻ֵġ
֮󣬾ͽЩëʬðײˣ̧˳ӣԼɽװҲһ˳
ûʲô¶ˣҸսǣͶԳŸ߸ڴķȥ
ǻкܶҪҲûһȥԬ˵СʦѾԶˣӦòҲ鷳
ɽڻȥ·ϣɫѾˣһΣоóģԬҵˣŪһܾˣˣȳСƳʬɡ
Ԭʦûռˣİ˾ߺëʬȫ𣬼ͷҲȫˣǶҲ֪
ԩԩ౨ʱˣɱ˳ǷծǮǽء
ҺԬʦ֮עһ֮ս֮䣬ҪһⳡԹܹ⡣
صʱ°迴ϵˣŵͷ˯̫ˣһֱ˯ʱֲ˹һֻмʮδӵ绰ȫİĵ绰룬Ҿ绰пģԬʲôط绰Ǹ顣
һѾ壬ԬҼˣʲô𰸣ڵҶûʲôô
һɾ·ϵ˿ȫҳȥϴ˰ϰֳţʰǼĶȥˣǸ˷ϡ


229 ɸΪ
æһݣһһҹûгԶҲȷʵǶˣҴһ٣׼һָһЩ춯þѪҵɵ˵ʱ򣬻δԺŴһˡû졣
ѵǰˣţվȥţ·ϻ룬ǻؼӦòŲŶԣԼҸô
ҴԺ֮Ϳһ⣬ЦĴһţͺһүڼأ
˲ˣһ˴źװı֮⣬һϤףǸҼϴʱ򿴵Ǹӣָͷһվһ仰Ҳ˵ǰ䣬һ֮ͽԴתһߡ
ָ⳯ͷһۣȻǾˣҺй֣ʲôһȻţüۼЩƣֵܻ֮ġ
һǣҵˣ֪ҼʲôĿġ
үվǽȥ𣿡ٺһЦһεա
һóһ˹ȥ
ĸ˸ҵҲӡ
ûˮͲˡһƨɳϣԼҵĶ档
үأҲûɶ飬ǹҸһ£λүֵܣһȻ޶磬ǿ϶Ǽġӿһۣ΢Ц˵
磬֪϶¶Ҳ֪ҲϲĨǣʲôǿżɽģһҪ
ͷ˵ǰǰСŸƢ˽ģҾͲҴˡ
һ£ЩҪ̸ѻ˵꣬һȻʹĻŪһ
˵仰֮һȻתͳԺȥҲվԺ
һȻתͷң˵ǴҲˣСǺ˵ˣҲ֪Ԭȥ̩ҲȫΪ㣬һԭǶԬ
ʮ⣬ԬʬŶСģôԬأ
һʮɻ
һȻƺҵɻ͵ԬҲڵ죬ɱʦʬ֮Сӱ㽫һԹҲϣҪǹɱ㣬ʦүҲҪܵĿ죬ҲԬɱˣӵ̩
һȻôһ˵Ҳ׹ԬСӾһ蹷˭ҧ˭һû뵽
һȻֽ˵һ磬Ҹ͸绰ˣһֱûнӣҾֱҵң鵱˵޼ҵĳҲ֪ճʱ򣬲ģҸҲΪ˸˴ۣΣҸôһӣСͳ軵ˣСӲŻɳһЩ飬ҸҲûϵֵô󣬸û뵽ҵʬ콭а
˵һȻһ£ɫһ䣬ֵҲ֪Ҳ򵥣йϵҸˣҲˣϾǴҸǼǻСӸǸˣϣ֮һ˽ᣬⲢ޼㣬ֻǲ鷳ѡ
ҳĬţû˵Ȼ˵ݶˣҲԱǵĳ⣬ҲŲţȻСӿȥҲôŰɣֻҪԺңҲǷǡ
һȻҲ˵ɿһֵȻˣȻǸģֻ˵ǲеģҸҸһЩǮҲ࣬򣬾ֲʧϣܹɸΪ񲯣㲻ܳΪѣҲҪΪ˵ĺá
һüһϳǵĴ󸻺һ־ɲһСĿҲɫǮǾͱˣҴӦ㣬ҵ鵽ΪֹӴ˻ɡ
УһȻȻǮ£㲻գҲģߣǮҲܰգϳǵйزţҲΪʬŵ飬һֱǲţľҪѯСӵ䣬Ҵͷۣϣܸ˵˵ͲҪ׷ˣһʱ֮󣬵ȷͷһЩʱǻҪ̩ӻģСһúụ̀ܽҲǾǡ


230 ֮
ǮҲնˣҲյĻǻΪĴ٣Ժ󻹻취Ը죬ǮһСĿҲ̤ʵҪôǮʲôأ
ⱲӶûмôǮ
һػһȻֵǾôˣæţһ£Ͳˡ
˵ţһȻһ֣תͳҼҵԺӣҾԺԶȥ
Ҫ˵޵һҳСӲôص֮⣬嶼㲻˶ӲӣҶˣ۾ûգһ£үôһӣҲϱˡ
ҡҡͷתֻصվӭʵү޸綼̸ˣ
ҵ˵ͷӦһ
һ֣ھ˹
үⶼүģûд򿪿ȻǶ̸ˣҵҲԲˣϣҾͲϢˣпյȥȾƣǾ۾ۡ
˵ţڽӷɳϣ˼֮ͳӡ
֮ɳϣﻹЩϰ£ôǮҲ֪ǲһȷѡ񣬿ҲյĻҲİŪû봦ʲô취Ըңǿ鷳ˣĻҲֻˡ
һ֮ǮӣӺ쳮Ʊ뼴Ҵһӹƶ׬ôǮ
һҽǮõҵ˴£Ҳ˵Ժ󻹻ʲôô
ˣұУǳսҵΪ֮һҪܲ
ڼһ˺ü죬ĳһһ磬սͻȻҵļﻹһǻҺУڿǵһ̣˹ĹǻҺп϶ŵġ
ҽ뵽˼䣬˹Ԭ飬ûϢ
˷׷ҡͷ˵һֱϼŲ飬ѰԬʦټ˾ƾʧһ㣬Ӱȫޡ
ټر𰸼Ҳ̫ǰ컹ԬСɱһΧŲϸԵ׽⣬׷ˣֲ֣ܶΪԬǸ쳣׺ݵĽɫɳȥֱҲĶ֣ߺ֮ͨĲ̫ˡ
һᣬԬŪʬĸ֣һ߽ʬǵǹ룬ͨ˸˽ϵġ
ս廰л˵ʱЩԴ˸ʲô֮
һֱսҪߵʱսŸ˵СţҪȻر𰸼ɣʵȴ֣ټϳǣ˵ǲ٣ȴ޼ʵҲʲôֻҪص飬ʲô鶼ڵʵֻҪص飬Ǽֱ绢
û뵽ս徹Ȼһ飬үҲ˵ΪһĻ򣬱㽫Ұص棬ΪҪȻһҲûʲô֮ء
ս룬û˼ܾʵﻹЩִ
ҪΪɢˣܲʲôԼһĹְţЩӦߣԼΪڵлΪҪһ飬Сȵ黹ûнȵ֮صĿһ⡣
Ҹսֻ˵ǿǣ㽫ͳţſڵʱս֣صһ飬ǾǵļڹҲȫˡ
ԬС˼ر͵вҼ˵İΣսʱҸĸᵽȥסص鸽һ䷿ӣԬ鴦ٰ֮
ս˵飬Ǹһѡ
Ұ趼ͨˣ裬һֵַׯˣҰֻһЩСϰ䣬ϵĹ˵ãҴСѧĹҰ̸ֽҵġ
ǲô˵ҲߣԬǵ鷳ɾʹˡ
ҼǵԬ˵һݻǾҪɱȫңˣ˵Ļֻ˵˵ѣĳ
һ뽭ɼ
ҵĽϵĺݽɫҪϵԼôһ졣
Ȼйأаɻˣǧϴͳ˭ҪΥ˽أаΪ֮ݣԬһһС´չسơ


231 ٱҶ
һҪúÿһҲΪҵԵʣԼ֮ˣһһӡ
֮ٴλص˼
ڶ죬Ҷһȥ壬ŵĹǻҺԭĵط
һ鲻ò˵ǾŵĶֿǰˣҽοһ˵ʬҵˣǹݣһȺ͵ʬ͵ʬ͵ˣȺ͵ʬҲѾ׽ù鰸
ֿ޿һҺһο·˹λ
Ǽһֱڸĸ˵Ҫᵽϳȥס飬λ˼ҶЩ̫⣬ҪЩ᲻üֵǼĶأоǵ˳֮ûʲôӪɣû
⻹һ⡣
Ƶʵûа취ˣֻøүӴһ绰Ԭ˵һ飬еϵ
үӶԬСҲ˽⣬֪Һ֮ĹڣǰԬҹңΪҸĸ鵣Ǳ˵ҰֹͨͲҹˡ
үӵĻҰֲҲСϰֶүүƴӣʮһТӡ
Ҳ֪үӸҰ˵Щʲô֮ʹӦȴһ׮ͷ󻼡
Ϊ˰ᵽס飬үӻҰִһǮϳıһݲǾһķӣܹסһھС
ҴʱҵЩǮʱó
ҽүӸǱǮҪ˻עһһпǮҾүҵǮص鸽Ұһңѳģǲм٣Ȼܸ˵ôһǮҪȻǿ϶ΪΪ׬ģסҲġ
ļҾй䣬ܸҰһʲô£ֻû̫ʺĻ
ҷ־صſڲԶĵطһС̣ҪһЩ̾ǲˮϵС⣬ȥϰ˸߼ۣǸСתøҡ
Ȼ֪ͨ˰裬ǾӪСиӪɡ
һȻǸ˻ˣʵ֣СҲ˳˳ˮû죬Сתˣÿ컹вٽ࣬СӹĻ̹ͦ
ֵһ˵ǣսһ֪ҼҰᵽ֮Ҳܸˣе˶СչҰ⡣
̤֮ʵæһ£һڳ䶨
ЩһֱûУϵҲõĲˣֻΪ̫Ҫܳһʱֲ
ұȥҶѦλүӣСȵ飬ûеľȡ
һ峿ֱӴһֱҶȡ
ϴһΣһҲᳵ·˺Ҷ֮󣬾һС·Ѧҩ̡
Ѧҵʱ򣬻ѦСһҩæȥʱѦСڸƲһԵȺ
ѦСæһСʱЩˣЦߵҵߣ˵ôţûô
˵ôĺòãҾ˳ҲЦŸѦС˵
ѦС߶ҿۣüͷɫСӣɫܲðǲһ¸˶ˣ
Ҳ治ҽң⿴ëʲôʱʼĶܿĳ
ǰ˵ٻѦСҲʲôˣԬѦС˵һ飬ѦСüͷǵ˵Сȵʱҡͷ˵СŰСҲ̫ˣҽңƲģСӴһСⲻΪ𣿡
ѦС˵ʱû˵Щĵ˵㲻ΣλүӲΣҽСȥƣ˵а취أ
ѦСȻ˵Ұ׷ǴӦҵҪ󣬴ȥѦѦλ˼ҡ
ѦСϵѦɴΪչҩ̣ѦһȻʮָˣ˼䣬ѦСߴֱȥλүˡ
Ѧҵλүӣʮ궼Ƿ֮ڴţˣҲٳȴǶҵ˿ɳ룬Ϊм
ѦСҲôôȴᳵ·˼־̤˼֮󣬱һƬƣƬǰһξ룬㿴ѦλүסǸСԺӡ
ϴһһˣȴҪ鷳λ˼ˡ
ѦСߴҾֱǸСԺ֮УλүӴ˿ԺȲ裬һˣкҹȥ


232 ų
ҺѦСһߵλүӵߣֻ΢΢ɨһۣüͷѦүҡҡͷ˵⺢ӣϸŸûãڵΪͿô࣬һʡĵļһ
үһ˵ҾЩ˼Ҳ֪θǽֻͣεЦԴүӻǻ۽𾦣ôһ֪ϳʲôë
ʶλҽҲﶼá
Ѧүȴӣ嶯һЩ뵱꣬ڵʱ򣬱Сӿ¶ˣҲôһ·߹ˡ
Ѧүӵ˵ͷ˵Ѧ嵱ǵӿɲСһ˵ǹƥ͸ɱΧǱ̵ķֶ棬һ˵ǧˣһ̵ĳϸɱˣǹ羢룬¼Ҳû˭ˡ
λ˼һңܻǼλүҵĶ䶼ˣ治֪λүжôλ˼һֱÿμҶҪ߶һ
λ˼Ҹпһ֮ѦүӱСŰָԪģʵС飬С߾ģ޷ǾǳԼҩѣһʱ䣬ٴλָ۷״̬Ժأ˶ֵʱ򣬱ôԽܴʹ򣬴򲻹ܣûʲô˵ģֻҪС
ڳ⣬ҲùĨǣֱӱλүүСΪԼ飬Ϊһ£֪λүүٰܲһΡ
˵ţ̧ͷһۡ
λ˼ҵɫ֣˵ɣʲôǵ˵վô¶
˵ţҺѦС߾˹ȥֱסһͳȥ
λ˼ѦСȥݲˣվҲҶˣﻹЩִٸС
վʲôɶ¶˵Ѧү˵
ҵ˵ͷ
Сţʲô¶˵ɣҲûˣһҲطҵ飬Ѧҵ飬ܼ϶Թ۵ġѦүӵ
һأмСžлλүүˡ
ҸɿһЩ˼˵ڣ˵ģ֮ǰһСǰǴһϰһСŮ壬ȥͶ̥תҾһһ꣬ϴҶλүүʱ򣬾С֮ʱʱҲⱻ˴ˣСҲˣǰЩʱգҸոձλүүûãʬŵͽܾ͹鷳ҺүүµһصԱ֣ŽǳҴܣС˻ֻǡֻǡ
˵Ҿûҽ˵ΪԼЩòףŲ졣
Ѧүȴӿڵֻʲô˵
Ӧһһҧ˵ֻСˣʶڳһֻ֪ɱ˺˵Сλүүûа취Сָʶô򵥡
λ˼Ҷһۣһ£ֻѦү˵һĻͺʷݣٶǰүҲһûĹӤָˣʱ˶췽ҹ̷黹ˣҲ֪ɵġ
ǰһûĹӤˣһСָʶ߿ҪǼҪϰٱѦүҲ
ҷˣ˵ʲôүүϳֻСȻָʶүֳүˣ˵һӤû˵
£ĬȺλүӵĻظ
Ƭ֮ѦүѦС߹еŴʱһƬһ֧Ÿ˵Сţ㽫Сųơ
һ㶣˵λүүСأҾһųӡ
ģųǡѦүӰ˰֣˵
ȻǶ˵ˣҲûʲôԥģͽϴǸ«˳«ǴԬϵģʱҸսҪרŷСȵģս˵⻹һַн֮ΪһֶרŰĶ
С«棬ʮ㣬棬Ѱ֮á
˼ָһǺ«˸ӣӸһ򿪣ʹǺ«Ʈһɺɫɷ


233 éɽ
ǺɫɷܿһΣһС裬һѪ·СŮ԰׵ϳ֩һĺɫѪܣһ˫۾Ѫ죬ȫһĺХͳλү˹ȥ
֮ԲҽСȷųΪҺסΪһҪסͲò÷ʬߣⶫһóСȵ˺̫ˣŪֱӽɵĸɸɾǿɾ鷳ˡ
СһʹѵλүүСġС׵ĺܡ
˵ţһǰҪλүӵǰ˳һŻֽҪȴȥ
ϣѦүȴһһշʹ˳ȥһ¾ײСȵϣСȶʱͱ˰֮УһҲܶˣֻǵһ˫Ѫ۾Ϸŭ˻
ĻͷȥλүӶûŲһ£ǰС
ΪλүӶҽأԭǺߣүүշҲûλүٶȣ̾Ϊֹ
ŻֽջϢ˻ȥ
λүûңֱĿŰ֮бסСȡ
Ƭ֮Ѧүӵǣ֮죬ػأ˾½ֻأСڣȴаܹȫεԭʶСŪⷬģʬ֮νźļⰡ
ү˵ûСӵģʬŵĴˣһԬʮ꣬үүϻ۹ˣǸţֻϧߴ˵ʬааΪ
Ѧүӵ˵ͷתͷѦѦүӳãŵСģѾˣСҲ֪Ǹڸֵ֢ҩһڣ϶СͲǸܼķΧ֮ˡ
ү˵һѦС˵һ㣬λ˼Ҷʬ֮óһΣǰһˡ
ѦүӶһ£ֵСŰҲҪִȻС⸱ģβ罫䳬ˣڴ˴ֻأʱأ
ҳĬţ֪հһƬȻλ˼Ҷûа취˭ûˡ
ɫ̫ÿѦүӱСӰүһƢΪǹӤ飬ˣϷҲȰһ䣬СͱˣϽȰɡ
ǡ֮ǰ˵ߣҸദãҲѾŮһ㿴᲻ޱֿ˵
һ˵˲ӿЦѦүӵҵְ¿ģһߵڣȰ϶Ȱˡ
һ£ѦүֵҪʵϷ͸ָһ·Ҳ֪ҵȫéɽ洫ѧéɽڹֽʬ֮аоéɽ֮෱ֻ࣬һֵľ裬үļûһоģéɽ辶һǾéɽϷֽ֪éɽ֮ϣһλϣҢˣǾͨ˵˵ǸҳƵڶ¼û˸˵һȥܹһѡ
Ѧү˵ҵʱȼһ˿ϣΪѵǣéɽҸûȥéɽϵĸˣ϶éɽȻҪĳһεڣλүһ㡣
ߣҼҵλҢˣҲδػңҸ׷ǹʵġ
ѦүƺǣСŰҲõģүéɽԨԴֻҪǳϼĸˣûв֪үģֻҪ˵ĺˣû˸Ҳ㡣
Ҳүжéɽĳ϶Ҫӣ̫˼˰ɣ
˵ѦɫҲҪ̫ϣϷֻ˵а취ȴһܹСָʶϾСʶĥˣָϣ΢΢
ҵ˵ͷϣܱûϣǿɣǹȥʵĺá
˵Щλ˱ҽСٴս˺«С˵ʲôͳһȥˣƺ˽˵Ļңɫʮ־ᡣ


234 
λү˵ȻСԼƺҲ˼֣ΪֺǡȴҲ֪λүӾʲô
ȻλүӸָ·ҲͲڴ˴ˣ㹰ָλүӵ
λүӻǴûгֻǶѦСҳȥ֮󣬸ҼζҩӣָһԪ
лү֮󣬾ѦСͳط˾ֱŴӵķȥ
һ·ϣҶλүӸ˵飬ȥéɽһλҢ˵ĵܹҽСָʶ
һǷˣλүû˵ôéɽϵȡϵ
һֱü飬ѦС߾ĬĬĸţҲ˵ƺ³ҵ˼Ц˵Сûȥéɽɣ
ҿѦСߣ͸ȥƵġ
ѦСһЦ˵Ȼûôȥʶéɽϵ˰ңҴȥ
һԣҶʱϲЦտһѱסѦСߵĸ첲Ƥ˵߸硭ʶéɽϵˣҹȥɣ
ȻҴȥʲôôأѦСһЦ˵
Ҫô˵ţ˶ѦСߵϣôŪѦСһļƤεҡҡͷ˵˺ˡүǣôģѦСֻ߲ϲŮˣŮ
ô˵ǴӦˣҼ
Ӧôţ߸Ҿӣһ˰ɣҲ췢ùˡѦСƵ˵
ʵҲˣѦС˵ҪǼ٣ȥŷ棬ҵӣȥɽˮˡ
ҲôʵС߸磬ôʶéɽϵ˵ģ
ѦСߵ˾͵éɽϵ˱һţ壬ĸ֪ѦңһʲôԽëҵѦ˵éɽн磬ѦҲǺպġ
ѦС⻰˵ΪԺʮĻҽңǿɲǴģҽ
ѦСҪȥéɽҵãһ·СͻصѦҡ
ȥéɽģѦСȴ⣬˵Ҫλүӵİţϵκ˲ߣǶﶯ֣ҲȷʵԪʢȴСȵҲһʱǾѦҶס˼졣
ԪҲûģʮȫֻǻļζҩȥһ͵ĺȣȵֱѪһ֮ѦҰȷָĲˣŷҺѦСߡ
Ѧҵļҹʮϸҽһǲ׼ҽģ˵ѦСҲһһҽˣǻûдﵽѦλүǿ̵ҪһǲȥģҵһӣүǲŸС
ɽŽվéɽǺԶ˻ָĲĵڶ죬ҺѦСһͱңֱéɽȥ򣬸Ұϳ˷ӣͷ֮һʣºö࣬˵ǸСϴźüţǮҲۣžʹ򳵣ֱվŻƱֱӾɱ˽գȻֵ˾ݡ
ȵ˾֮éɽͲԶˣҺѦС߳վͿſڶһȺˣһӾΧȥģҪҪ򳵣ЩƶǺڳ˾
ҺѦС߲żߣһ·糿ڶûгԷ˵ȥéɽ顣
òףǲŴ˶Ｗ˳վһȦҵһҴ˹Ӿ˽ȥ
Ҳˣ˲˵֮󣬵һӲˣ˱
ӵϰʮ飬һʮˣ·еˣһȳһյģǵһӲ֮ЩǣǳԲ˰ɡ
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237 ǧַү
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ս̴죬ҹͳǼ˳˹ȥǾеļһ˵ϾͱҸԴһƣ˶һȵķһѪˮźʹ˳


240 Ҳ
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Сӽб磬һɱ뺷ľͷ͵ĺܡ
Ҹɵ߰УȭͷͽŶϣȴԾ޷£ǱߣѦСѾʣЩСȫŵˣҲǸü۵ļһѦСߺݺݵ˼ƣֱ˹ȥ
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ʵû취ˣֻ˺Уһƣɵؿڣֱӽ˳ȥײǽϡ
ѦСһǰһ˺ܶɫҩ棬Ǽһǣɵվһʱֵ˻ȥ
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ɵûվѦСͳЩڵص˹ȥелɢһһȺȫվˡ
ѦС˷лɢһۣǸҶã϶ٸҪһЩϡ
ѦС֣ߵߣ˵Щ˶Ƿүģ϶ǧַү£һˣһǧַүţǵĶɾҲˡ
˵ţѦСߺ뵽ʲô飬ЩСһǵֻҲ˳һ˲ԶͰ
⣬ѦС߻˲ٲ֮ƣҲѦСûˡ
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һеѦС¸վһ𣬿̱ڵϵǸɵѦСЦǣаӣѧı£
ɵһۣ˵ѧı£Ƿүˣ϶ûкùӳԣưɣ
ϡѼӲʱˣװʲôӢۺúҸ˵ҺֵҲʲôˣͨûУǣǿɱ˵ģȰʵʵǣҪȻֵʲô鶼ҸɣӴסǸɱһ࣬Ҳ١ѦСв
ߣɵһ֪ɵǼɵ˵ɱ£ɵ뻹ǲɣ
һⲻаҲв˵λֵܣǲǾ֫һûУҶӻ΢еأ
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ʵɣСжˣеǼ洫ʮȫʬɢûнҩĻСʱ֮Ϳʼãֱȫһ̯ŧѪǿҡŻ
˭֪ɵȻҺٺһЦ˵㵱ɵأ˵ĸС˵ƵġҲţ
ҺѦС߶һۣɵʾʮΣɵβвСˣҪһĿС


241 ͵Ĵ
Сһ⣬Ҳۣûа취
ҺѦС߾ͻһĿ꣬ü۵ļһ˹ȥСӿǳ˹ȥϵļŵһֱͣĶ£Ǳһʡ
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֣ٺЦϣ֪ˣе˰ɣ
Сӣ㵨ͦʰҸͨˣûܴ꣬ŻСӸղû˵ʵǧַүˣڲƭǸҿСǲˣѦСһ۾Ҳֳһ׺ݾȫ߸е󣬵һμʱ򣬸оĶţһԭˣҲһåС
ü۵ļһݺһĭүүǰС۲ʶ̩ɽǶλλүСһ֤ԺҲˡ
žһƺݺݵĳСӵϣָӡϸߡ
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⻰һ˵꣬⡰Ӱۡ۾үүҴˣ֡Ҵǹȥ
仯治һĿ죬ʮֻͷҺѦС߲òַ
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ǧַүǸʮˣ߰ʮҲ˵ʮʱ򣬾Ѿڵػã˵ǧַүʦĩǺġүүǶС͵ƣǲеС͵ܱ֮Ϊү汾£͵һеͷ֮ܳΪү
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С˵ǧַү͵ı£޿ƥУû͵Ķһص㣬ֿ죬Ϻһǧֻֿ֣죬۶Ҳãվڴɨôһۣ֪˭Ǯ˭ûǮǱӱȹ飬ƱζųֻҪǧַүϣǾԾûˣʮ꣬ʧ֡
СӻҺѦС˵һ˼飬һ꣬ϴɳ˺ܶ¾׽С͵׽ǧַүͽˣǧַү֣Ϣľ͵ϵǹͰһǵԼϣЩûпʲô˶֡


242 ٲϳ
˵ǧַү飬䶯ȫǣһʱֵķзǧַү˶ûҵ˹ϵǧַү˻ͣһ˴ĳЭ顣
˭֪ǧַү͵ûץסû˼֣ôţȵһ档
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СԽ˵ԽûףţȥˣҺѦС߶Щ˼飬ôô͵
ҸоǧַүǱֵµ˸ˣѹûôܿҾ侲ǧ磬治УǸʬңһѷʬߣ֪˶ٽʬһéɽ壬ʬʬ䣬ɸײ֮Ҳ˵ңѦСңҲҽңѦλүҽͨ죬һڣǶ˻ҵ٣
ڽ죬ۼѦС߽һ˼ʮˣ˼κˡ
Ǵ棬ĶǶǴġ
룬һ͵壬ֶͨ죬Ҳ˵׼ġ
ǶСǧַүһ汾£ҺѦС˵ԵС
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Խ߾ԽƫƧԼĪһСʱˣûеǧַүסĵطЩĽЩǴŪʲôè壬ǧַүͨ籨š
ҺѦСǲµģһգҲǧַүټ
ǰ˴ԼӵĹ⾰ǺͻȻָͣǰһԺ˵λүǵˣǧַүסԺſͷһȥ¶ˣҹȥţǧַү
ҺѦС߶˺ӣѦС۾˵Сӣ㲻ûܰɣ
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СԶ֮ʵ߸磬ǰٲϳ
ѦСߺٺһЦ˵ѦҴûɱˣôĶҩҸղŸкҩֻҪܣһɡ
ҲһЦ˳Сӿǹģжĳ
ߵǰһţ˵߷磬꣬Ӵ򶴣ȸ鳲
ȻЩԶһһ˵ҺѦС߶һ㶣С˵ĻǺڻҺѦСһ䶼ûѲСҪͨ籨ţ
ҺѦС߸뵽һžͱˣһֻ֣һ¾ͽǺٴιϡ
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֪С͵ˣƻľһ꣬Ǹٴαˣˡ
Ҷ˵æǰ˼һͷǽͷվԺǽϳ濴ȥһ˴˿źӳſȥֻǺûܳȥ㡰ϡҽһʱһĳƨڡһһɣһӳζ
ʲôٲϳֱǰٲʺվǽͷϣôԶŵǹӳζѦСС̫ˣԺҿɵ÷ŪþͱСӸˡ
ôһͣ٣һ磬ѦСҲǽ
ӶڵʺܲˣղźܵǸæɿ֣ס˱ӣԼ˹ȥ
ҺѦСԺǽͳźӱ˹ȥֻ˸ոأ;һҺѦС̾ǰһǰһͦ첽
ͿҺѦС߸ղվĵطͻȻˣиһذףھͳҺѦСɱ˹
ͬʱͻȻˡॡһ죬ӣѸֵҺѦСֱӶԺм䡣
ղţúڻͨʱ򣬹Ժ˾Ѿ˷


243 Ӹ
ǧ㣬ǱСӸˣһͨڻҺѦСһоʧȥƿء
ڵãҺѦС߾ͱǧַү˸Ժ
֪طǲǾǧַүϳҺѦСΧסˣɲʲô֮
ҺѦСߵǰͺ棬ˣһĸˣŸֵذס
İԲǶذ׵ļһȴݵֻ˳֮⣬һͬص㣬Ǿر𳤣оܹϥǣ󣬱г֮ҺѦСһĸ˵ʱ򣬶ʱ˾裬Ϊǣеķ
˵ʵȻѦС߽֣һʣʶʱҲˣҴûмѦСùʲô̲סͷһѦСŵķϡ棬ȻһӸӣ滹һںģʵǲôŹۡ
һʮ꣬ͷһⶫġ
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ĸһȫɱУܹΪ飬һ׳һӣֱΧסҺѦС߾һ͹һΧס̣һҵ̣Ǹøֵ׳еƴǸذ׵νýݣãһһеذ趯·ɣҪҵϸӡ
һһһʱҪӦôλ֣Щ޴֮С
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ѦСߴϵı֮һСƿӣҩԼ˿֮ϣѪʱֹסˣƿתͷ˵û¶Ƥˣû뵽ЩģֶҲǻСǡ
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ҳͷȥʾ֭ȥ룬ȴҲ벻ʲôط֪͵ߵǼǮеʬġ
Сһ֪ʣģǺʹôղǻѦС˵ġ
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ǧַү˵һֱڵϡĺͻȻһޱȵƨЩѵ˵үС鷳ġ


244 
Ҳ֪ѦСߵ׸СӳԵʲôкҩĺƼݣɫ԰ֽղӶûѣһɣȻǽ⿪ˣ͹ԺŲŲѣֻҪһվȻ϶һкǧŵƨޱȣʺǳţ֮£ˣСӻûֺǧַүǵĺ״
һƨһţʱŪԺѬ죬ҺѦС߶ס˿ڱǣҺĸҲһ֮ɫ׷ڳס˱ӡ
ǧַүװأ䵱һ˵ĽɫҲǱӵĳƨѬͷǣһ˵HĶʺͲҸéӣչأϽҹһȥ˴һʰ㣡
һί˵үСĹģҪʮָͷһҩڳӣǱǸġ
ôĸһȥ̫ôˣٲҾ㣡ǧַүһűһ˵
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æ˿ӣһһƨһɻʺӾ˳Ժǳš
ζѬ۾Щˡ
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ںǧַү𣬺Ӽ㣬ҲһһƨһһӣŲé޸̶̵߰˲ľ룬ȵé޸ʱǺڳˣӶûϣԵ˵ϡ
Сӵɱ̫ˣһƵģѬͷǣðǣѦСԼܲˣóһСƿӷԼǰһڣ漴ֵݵҵıǰҲһڣʱһ˱ǣǹӶҲŲˡ
ǧַүĸ¶ѬĲᣬϵűӣ˷һŻ
ǧַүǿţóһӳͣȶţųһʵ˱ǧַүҲͨˣΪҪˣ뵽ԺϷطɲ˭˭߾ߵġ
ȻǧַүǾʹ촰˵Һֵվʱǲ͵ǵĶϽóɣǶͦæģ˭Ҳ˭ʱ䣬㽫ǣһɢ·죬һߣΣҿżɽ˵
ǧַүһȶӣһ˵ֻ۾Ϸ͵ǵĶץסˣǿ͵ˣ֤ûУûеĻɲҪտڰĺ˵Ϸһط񡣡
㻹ط񣿱˲֪ǻǵĹϽ뿪鷳˺˭ÿѦС߾˳Ӹӣָǧַү˵
ǧַүһõëûгСӣҶһ˵һضûУǺ˵ûϷϷỹǣȻŵĻϷƫͲˣܽϷΣ
㣡ѦСŭ˵ţͱıҧгݵ˵Ǻãڲҵʱ򣬵ʱɱڣ
֪˭˭أǣСӣ̽ʲôǹأǧַүһ֣ΧߵĸӶʱٴһϣٴο
ȻǧַүҵĶǾͺðˣϡ
ҺѦСߴĸӣȥʰƥ
ҸѦСĸƴʱѦС߳ûʹһɫȻʶʱ䲻̫Ǳ˴˶ʮĬ˼ҪҪִУлɢѸٵĽĸˣȥԸǧַү
⼸ˣֻҪһлɢʱܷŵ֮ûãҪУȥԸǧַүΪһǰлɢǧַүȻˡ
ĸʵЩѲѦС߸ҶټǺȥˣܹǴ򷭣ҲȻķûоȥԸǧַү
ԣҪĽĸˣҺܿѦС߻һɫͬʱҺѦС߶лɢŲϱƽǵ˹ȥһӰǵأǼ˶
ʲôһᵶĺǰһһͷԵ˵ϣû˶
ţļеıҲ׷׵˵ϣĵȥ
ΪһлɢȥȻһͷԵ


245 뻯ľ
ҺѦС߼һе֣˷ܵĻףǵ⾢ͱˡ
һֱҡȵǧַүʱһ£ĵֶΣȻʹ
ҺѦС߸ŷǧַү˹ȥ˵ϼһ˼˵ģ͵ǸģǹҪġ
ëûСӣƨǧַүǵеҲʲô˶͵ģΪЩСֶΣܶԷүߺģǼʶʶүֶΣ
˵գǧַүһӵеȣһΣͳҺѦС߱˹
һƽƽͷǿٶȿľһ磬Х
ҺѦС߸ովеķǧַүʹ߲վ׵ľ֮⣬ֻзֱСƿӣвͣĴЩ˵ղžⶫ鵹ҵĺǣⶫϷˡ
˵ţǧַү㽫ƿлɢװԼǵһЦ
ҺѦС߶һۣ׷˵һ
ҵţǴеǧַүֿ죬ҺѦС߶ûʲôֻǰһΣϵĶûˣҺѦС˭ûпղô֣Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ֶΣѦСֱ亹ղֻѵӣҺѦСߵСûˣ
ιСӣнҩûУ鷭ҵĺǣǶòſɻָ
ҺѦС߻عǧַүʵ
ҺѦС߶֪˵ɶˣʱǧַүֵðɣҲ˵ϷֻԼýҩˡ
˵ţǧַүٴһΣǣοľһӰҺѦС߱
һΣҺѦС߶˷׷׷ɢǧַүɱ˹ȥ
ǣǧַү̫࣬ľһ㣬ҺѦСߵߣӲϵŤ㿪ҺѦСߵķȻһΣٴǵһ࣬һΣǧַүֶһСƿӣȻǸղѦСϵĽҩ
ѦСһǧַүŵĶʱɵˣһŵĶȷʵԼϵģҺѦСһĿɿڴ
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Ҳһ־磬뻯ľ磬ҺѦС߳׼ʶˣʲôˣ죬Ծǣ
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ĿŵҺѦС͵ǶûκηֲվʱǵĶһоûУվǵǰ͵ǶоǶҺѦСߵһ衣
£ҵ۾΢΢һ飬ѦСߵҲ˹ȥ
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ǧַүǸ൱ѲĽɫҺѦС߲òʮֵľ
ѦСߵȷѣγ˺ü룬ͳǧַү˹ȥȥķǧַүϵļҪѨǱһǧַүƶˡ
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һΣǧַүЩæˣһҪܿѦС߲Ϸ룬һ߻Ҫһ
ϵ趯һһ㣬񻹻ǹŹǽһǡ죬ԭʱСһ룬ѦСߵЩȫ˿մ
һȴʮֺǧַүûȫܹȥͭǮȵĲ滮һӣǧַүһƺߣӰһΣһ¾ݶȻһҵ󣬳ѦСɱȥ
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ѦСߵĶûǧַү죬ֻǣƣһʱˣ־ͭǮһ׷˳ȥͭǮٴһâٿն𣬷һ΢ͳǧַүĺĴ˹ȥ
ͭǮٶȼ죬ƺǸܵ˾޴ΣǧַүڷѦСߣһ˹ȥҵͭǮȴӰΣҵ־ٴԱ䣬ͭǮʱֽ⿪һͱ˼ʮöͭǮǧַүȫ´˹ȥ


246 
ͭǮһâ¶ʱ˼ʮöͭǮͬķλǧַү˹ȥ
ǧַү֮Ա֮Ϊһ޶͵Ϊ̵ıٶȣܵ˱ͭǮľ޴ΣУ˲һΣٴζǹԼСԭȵһСһԵһСȥ
ǼʮöͭǮʱǧַүǿ˹ȥһƹƹҡ죬ʮöͭǮʱȫǿС֮ϣмɣʱǿСһ⬡
ͭǮЩϵʱͬʱǧַүһƺߣֳƨɺһקöѪͭǮݺݵĶ˵ϣŭ˵СӣЩ£ү棬ǻģȻɱ֣үˡ
˵ţǧַүһΣٴγ߱ٴһ־ЩϵͭǮٴһͭǮ߷˹ֻǲͭǮУǧַүȻһ˦һѶϴ˹
СţСģѦСߺһһѣʮСƬԭվĵط˹ȥȫǽϣȫǱСƬǹκõֵƬʮַ׹ʱͭǮѾ˹ǧַүͻȻһݣϸߣͭǮץУһܽ
ȥ֮󣬻ŸصĹˣҺѦС߾͹档
үģ͵ҵʬҪҵķͭǮǸҶ׵Ľܷ࣬Ź
ҺѦСߴһﲻЩƣǧַү򲻹ֵܵô¶
ѵͷڹ꣬ΪǾûа취ˣ
ʱתͷһѦСߣؿڵλѪһƬѪȾɵЩĵʵС߸磬ϵû¶ɣ
ѦСԼһۣóһҩƿԼؿһ£Ÿ˵û¶ǧַүֲأֻһЩСƬģ˿ڲ
ǧַүˣûɱ֣ȴ棬͵ҵʬõҵͭǮҪң¶û
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ȥѦСȴһסңóһСƿӣһͨҲ֪ʲôҩʲôöˣѦСߵҲȫöۿ˲һӡ
ǽ֮ҺѦСߵɵˣտҲһӰûУǧַүܵȥˣ
ҺѦС߳ߵԷ˽ȥѰһҲûзκټ
ҺѦСڴݾۼʱ򣬶һŵˮ˹ˣһˣӾûӰƾʧˣ
ǧַүӣôһգ۵Ĺ˾ûӰˡ
ѦСߵĿܴ⳯ţܿ˾ǽӣ϶Ĵ磬϶ҵ
ҺѦСٴѰ䵹񣬽ǧַүסŪѡ
Сţҵǧַүˣ
ͻȻ䣬һҵѦС߸ҺѦСǱ˹ȥҿѦСƿһŴӣһ壬һĶڣ֪ͨʲôط
ղţǧַү϶ǴˣǹҵҪȥǧַүѦСٴסңһɫҩƿ֮ȫǸָܿ˸ӡ
ʲôҩҺʵ
лɢЧ࣬Ҫһ£ȥ֮󣬱֤춼
ѦС˵ţٴδǸӣó˽ҩ˷ֱһ£ҲŴͷڳһͨͨ滹еƣֻݵһǰߵСҲ߰׾͵ͷˣԶһķݣѦСߴ˹ȥٴó˺ɫҩۣһĿ˷ĸӣֱӽǺɫҩ۵ƿȥ
ҺѦС߲ŴǶȥ
ҺѦС߶֮󣬲ŷڵλãȻǧַүӺ棬ԱһܴͰŲˡ
Ǻļƣǧַүǽߣܵ·趨ˣǷĳһֲûܹץϼһ
ǣѦСͻȻͷһָ


247 ͨ
˳ѦСָķȥȴʲôûп
ѦСҽ͵ղһӰͻȻһԶȥˣȻǧַүǸϽȥ׷
˵գѦСһΣһǽͷžݶǸӰ׷ȥ
ҲѦС׷ȥ
ҺѦС߶ݶ֮󣬹濴ڼ׿⣬һӰڸݶԺǽתŲѸޱȣԭԽԶˡ
һӰұȷ˱Ȼǧַүˡ
ƯҲֻ͵ŻС
£ҲѦСҲŷԺǽһɱ׷ǸӰȥ
ҵġϴȻҲжļأֻҪ˞ų˳һѣɢȫپ࣬ݶһ񱼣ƬҲ¡
ֻҺѦСߵ򣬸ǧַүЩС׼ף㲻һϵġ
ȻҺѦС߹һ׷ȴǧַүԽԽԶۿǾҪ˦ˡ
ҷ֣ǧַүȥķ򣬾Ȼǽ⣬סĵطҲǳǱ߱ϣеķݶש߽ṹķӡ
ںһƬȫӣһܵҺѦС߻һܹҵõͷһգϵļ񱼡
ͻȻ䣬ǧַүһǵߵʧˣҲҲӰ
ҺѦСߵǸط֮󣬷ѾһСֵıԵǧַү
ҺѦС߶ӷŲ֪ʲôط׷ʱͻȻͷ
ʬ˵ʲôͭǮǸͨģֻҪŲرԶȫǿͨͿھٿصġ
һ뵽жʱһϲ뵽ǧַүȻӵĲ̫ԶǺֱվԭأӦͭǮķλһ˺ü־ĬھͭǮٵķֽ⿪
۾ʱͻȻڼ׿⴫һܻĽҿʲô
ȻͭǮзֽ˼ʮöͭǮǧַүʱɵۡ
ҺٺһЦָǽķ򣬸ѦСߵС߸磬Ǹ򣬸Ͻȥ׷
аģжĳѦСҲһϲһǧַүӱķ׷˹ȥ
һǲԶˣһЩֵֹĶҩʱǵ÷һ
˵ţ˾׷˹ȥͬʱٴδ߶ھЩͭǮϲΪͭǮ߷˹
һâȻܿ챻ץС
ͭǮʧãһϲʬǧַүϣֻҪϻңٴһٳ¶ǾˣϾ֮Ҳûʲô̫ĳޡ
һ·˼ףܿǾŵһɵѪζղͭǮֽʱ򣬱ȻǧַүһӣƨϻöͭǮܵҲ̫죬ҪƨϰӣûӰˡ
ΪҵĻǵʮޡ
ǰ׷һξ룬ڵ֮УǺܿͷǧַүĵӰ
ϼһˣϽҵĶұ֤㣡һ׷һߺ
С˵Ѳ˵ȷټҪǴסҾˣǧַүһӢΪɵأǧַүһһ߻Ӧ
үģϽͣҶûʲôޣģұ֤ɱ㣡ٴλӦ
һȥɣǵĻǧַү˵ţŲӿ˼֡
һգүģ˵ɶҲҪʬûܵĺǣ¶Ҳûһ󶴣ҲҪ۳
СܵıӶ죬Ǵ˵֮£һͱ߰￪⡣
ʱѦСȴƵѽ԰Сܵķéɽ
ʲôԵģϼһﱻ׷Ĺǽܳʲôطܰˣ׷һ˵ҵʬҪ
˵ţּӿٶȣͬʱ߶ͭǮǵһ㣬ǧַүȻȥͭǮһâ׼ǧַүĴȸȥǧַүʱһΣһԶ
վԶ룬ϵ־ٿͭǮѦСҵ˼ܿ׷ȥסǧַүȥ·
ͭǮӸѣŪǧַүǲţٶȶʱ˺ܶ࣬ѦСԽԽ֮ѦС߾׷ǧַүǳӸӣ͸ǧַүһš
ջͭǮҲŽ׷ȥ
ҺѦСٴ֣Χǧַүһ϶ܲˡ


248 سɴ
ҪǧַүƨˣоǸղűͭǮһӣҲ֪˵ʲôط֮ڵԶûиղǰǿˡ
ߣǧַүϾһС͵ȻΪֶλǲһЩָʬҵʵսȣǲһЩ
ѦСõҴڵéɽԪȭõŴıͭǮϼصĽУǧַүΧסһ͹
ǧַүЩæˣҺѦС߱ƵˣΪҺѦС߻ʹɱ֣ʹ˳ҺѦС͵лɢҪǡ
ȫǹعǰˣ󵶣ҽǰöȡ衣
ѦС߸ͲηЩҩۣӭžɱȥ˿˼㿪Щҩۡ
ѦСϿ϶һֱŽⶾĶԲŻ˺η塣
ǧַү챻ҺѦСܷ߱ˣһߴһܻ˵ҾˣΪһƾӣֵ׷ʹɽˮô
㶮ʲôǾҼ洫ģ㻹Ҳ͵ˣҲ׷㵽һὣ͹һ߸ǧַү˵
˵赭дǧַүҲҺѦС߻ŹһΣʱԳһһôһƬƬ
ʱҺѦСͬʱ֣ˣһ룬ٴνͭǮֽ⿪һԵĶǧַү˹ȥ
ҲУûûˡǧַүһһΣٴһϣͭǮֽͭǮʱı˷׷˹ȥ
֮ǰҵΪҲʹαͭǮ󣬱ϾڵޣΪҲһ㡣
ȴһˣ֮ĵԴԴϵݽߣҿƵʹñͭǮôһУҲ˷ѣͭǮϡ
Ȼǧַү죬ȴ޷ܿͬʱʮöͭǮȥһΣͭǮϣһǴȸǧַү֮󣬶ʱʹӴϵ
һе֣лϲٴջͭǮǧַү˹ȥ
ˣǧַүǺܿӵ෴ķ˹ȥ
ѦСͻȻһ٣ָǧַүĺ󱳴˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ѦСߴʲôеǰСһǧַүϣʱһƬƿǧַүûͣΣǰܡ
ѦС߸ʲôΪʲôܣ
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ҿѦСߵĿ壬ɵóһĴָ
ǧַүסֳһĨ֣ͭǮͳ˹ȥֱָĿѣ˵ǧַүҵʬģܿԻ˰ɣ
ɱңɱ֮󣬾ԶҲ澵ˣǧַүв
ѽ㻹ǲƺĲײǽͷΪҲɱ㣿˵ţͭǮ׼ȥʵҲɱֻŻŻѡ
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ס֣ˣ
ͬһ˷֮һѪҺôһ˲䣬ҵʶһƬհף֪ԼںηеĽȻҲͣ
ҷӦʱ򣬳ܿһۣȴûпʲôˣֻǿѦСɵ㶵վһǸɵһ㡣
ٴλͷȥǧַүʱ򣬾ͿǧַүֳһĨϲ
ȻһӰͳ˼ʮ׿⣬һۣǸӰվǵǰ
ҿʲôţ棬һۣʮ׵ľգ۶
СССšǲˣǧַүİˣһһǳţ⡭ֶǷǳسɴ硭ûмߵΪ˸ֶΡѦСߵһ˫ۣ˵
ͭǮǰ˿ȥվǰˣһѷһɫĵۣݣͦΣͷһ٣һ˫۾ںҹ֮пҲǰ
ǣҾȻ˵ʮ꣬Щʮ꣬ǹɼϢҲɵһ塣


249 ƿֲ
˿̳ҺѦСǰһʿģˣɷǣʵҲ
ղһͣƽؾףҵʶһģǵʮĵź𹦣ûǿΪӣҲ𲻳޴һɤ
ŹҼǱϴҲмأֻΪռʱ̶ȡ
˼Ȼס֣Ǳǧַүİ֣ǵĶͷǻʲô˵ģֻܼ
ȻҺѦС߲Ķּ֣ǿ߾ҪͷˣҪͶֻһַǾǴǵʬ̤ȥ
ڶݵ֮ҺѦСվһеķ׼ǰǸ
ǵƲһ֮͸鿴һǧַүƣüͷɵ΢΢
ܣˣһҾͱСӸɱˡǧַүһί˵
磬һܿˡ˵ţǵһץסǧַүĸ첲ҪʱſǧַүСϻһֻɫĶ߽ҧŲţǵǺ壬һ֣һĶ籡߾ͷ˳ȥײ˲Զһʯͷϣʱϳ˺üء
ˣǵûܽǧַүղҧǧַүϵҲ֪ʲôߣǧַүж̫Ȼվˡ
ǵٴվʱĿ˵ģˣƶúýѵһԺҪ˼޹
ҺѦС߶һۣвЩղǧַүܣǧַүΪ磬ô˵λֵǻʲô˵ģǧַүģ϶Ҫ˵ġ
Ҳǵ˵⻹׽ǧַү͵ǵĶǸҪģڻǵĲˣô
ǵǲõһ۾΢΢ϵĞųȻţһĵ۾͹ĵ³˼֣ǿʶ
һϵΪǵĲǣǾҪĽࡣ
һΪϵҺѦС߶û˵ǲ˸еη壬ȷѣһͶ˴УͭǮϵһָͭǮʱͳϵϴ˹ȥ
ϵң治ɫһƽȻҲǾͲҪĺˡ
ֿٵıһ־ͭǮһٴηֽ⿪ϵȫ·˹ȥ
͵ǼʮöͭǮҪϵϵʱϵٴηһߣȫǣֻȭͷͻȻսһɾ籡ǼʮöҪϵϵͭǮʱתìͷҺѦС߾ͷ˹
ҵţϵıºֱֹЩˣȻֻ֣ǻǵľͿԽҵͭǮȥ
һ£ǴʧɫæкһԵѦС߸Ͻſ£ͬʱź˼˼־Լеת
ۿЩͭǮϵʱЩͭǮǿһϳһͭǮҵͷƤͷ˹ȥֱһԵһôϣû˴һϣƿֲ
ŵĴ㶵ϵ˿һ˫Ķҡ
ٴ־ǰͭǮǣ˹һгϵ˹ȥ
ͬʱѦСҲӵǹķӸӣһͬϵɱȥ
ϵ˿̩ɽ͵ҺѦС߳嵽ǰʱŶ֡
ҵĽǴؿڣѦС߲֪ʲôʱٳӸϹһȣϵԴͷȥ
ۿķҪϣϵͻȻ˫֣һֻȵץסԴĳȣһָֻͷסͭǮĽ⡣
׼ͷȣֱҲû˭ˡ
ҺѦСߴ˿̶ɵˣţϵ˭Ϊô
ôһ㶣ϵͻȻϷҺѦС˴ֱ˦˳ȥ
ֻһɴӿһҵڷɣɳȥԶصڵϣѦСһˤһ࣬ҪǱжǱ
һˤһʵҺѦСߺһŴӵתȥʱ򣬷ϵվֻǵתһٴοǡ
ƽǵһľУϵΪ֪ʬҪǿٱǰҺѦС߼ٳʮƶǰϵĶ֡


250 ֮
ʱѦλүӵĻ򲻹ܣɽڲûգͷֻһֱҷˣҲܣҼҵ洫ʬǧַүУҪңǾ仰¶û
תͷѦСһۣ˼ߣѦС۾ˣȻЩŭǲ϶һԼ
ͬʱһѦСַ߽ϵĴֱ֪ʲôУҪŶˡ
ѦС߳ʹһɫ˼תϼһעó䲻͵Ϯ
ң᲻ѦСߵ˼
ͭǮҲˣ˱ٴ˵еٵĴ߶˼ҴѧƣʱӰ裬磬ͳϵٴ˹ȥѦСƵһԣӲ泯ϵ
ʱʱһƣͳϵ˹ȥϵóһУ֮ͻȻֳһ˿ɵɫͻȻƣ
ԣƣ˰ɣţһƾͳϵؿȥﻹţһĲ㣬˫ƾҪĵϵϵʱϵͻȻҲһֻƣǰһƶ͸ҵһֻƶԺһ
һɰĴͬХһӿҵһϣеʱɢѪһѪƮɶһɳȥʮԶصڵϡ
ӷڰ֮еʱƺѦС߷һƺߣһҲ˳ȥҲûпѦСôеС
֮ԴǱ˺ݺһӣһֱתðǡ
о͸ӭ汻һ󿨳ײһ޶ôһɲǣҶֲԼ˻ǻš
ʶָ֮󣬻˻Դʱ򣬽žͿϵͳԣһģʵǴ͵ѧģ
⻰ʵһ㶣³һѪĭӣʵΪʲô˵͵ѧģǼ洫ġ
ϵɻŭ˵éɽĲ֮أһҰᶮƷ˵Ǵ͵ѧģ
Ҫɱɱα˶ķϻҲㆪ£ǧַүʲôˣҲʲôöΪŰɱ㣬үү϶ұģҺ˵
ǣǶʲôöɱɣҪѦҲСţģϵéɽˣҪҿ϶ὫéɽֵļȮѦСҲŭ˵
ѦСһ˵ҲŷӦ˴ѾéɽԶˣƾճһϵȻéɽϵˣ˵ϵôһ鲻ò˵ϵղŸҶƴһƣõҲƣõƷһ޶ֻ˵Ϊʵ̫֮𣬲űˣҸоϵҲˣһٶһȫĹͷҪӡ
һ޷⣬éɽųƵͳɣôǧַүǣأ
ҺѦС߷ųݻǽϵЦˣһЦһҡͷ˵ڵ˻ǲ֪ߵغô˵أ˵˵ɡʲô·˴ĿҪéɽ췭ظȮƶ⼸ʮ꣬ûм˭ҵéɽµġ
˵仰֮ϵͿңС˵үү˭
һ治֪ôϵ˵үүر𰸼黪ĿӣҲ֪éɽ˵ϲʶһһ˵ϵãǿɾЦˡ
һҧ˵үүر𰸼黪ĸˡ
һ˵ϵüͷƺЩɲٴθȷϵղ˵үү
ţٰӡ
˻һڣϵɫɻ֮ɫˣתѦСߣʱһЩʵС˭
ҽѦСߣүүѦãҶүүѦǬǼںҶȿҩ̣Ѧҩ˵ûУѦС߲˵
ѦСôһ˵ҿϵԵĶһ¡
Ƭ֮ϵͻȻЦЦգ˵ѽѽǴˮһ˵ǴˣԭҺѦҵĺˣ֮󰡣ƶǿۡ
û뵽û뵽һ˵֮ϵʶһ죬ѦСǼңϵ϶ţǿǽϵҽңȻʶ˲࣬ǽ˭˲֪˭˲أ


251 ǰ
˾͵Ҫҽǽϵˣ˶֣׼ҪˣҽԺõģҪѦҽҡ
ҪҽǼǿɽҶѦҩ̰
ϵ̬ͻȻһһٰʮȵĴת䣬ҺѦСЩܲˡ
ЩεĴ˴֣Һɵ㶵ѦС߶ӵҽкߣʱͱЩͰһ˵ղƶǳһЩСҲҪϣղ׷ɱҼֳһʱУ־һЩƶûɱģֻѵһѣΪǴˡ
ҺѦС߶һۣһʱҲ֪λشãԴҵ֮󣬱̫ˣһӻҪŪǣһ̾͸һƵģЩ޴롣
ǵֵƶˣéɽɽųϣéɽѾмʮˣҺѦҵͷСţռҺѦҵĺˣƶ۽ˣССͣΪȴҲǺ
һͨ䣬ҺѦС߿ĶЩƮƮȻˣȻ˴ˣҲܵ˼ңǰӣһˡ
һ֮ϵߵǧַүߣѦС߿˵ѦҵλȽҼֳĶ˰ɣźҶѦҽͨ죬ֻ˴ɱˣǲҪɱֳɣ
е¡ֻλ͵ֵܵĴұʬŲҺСֵܲһ·׷ˣֻ뽫ҪûҪɱ˼
˵УѦСѾóҩƿȡһҩݸˣ˵ֻҪ̷ŵҩ߶ɽ⡣
˵˵ͷǵҩͽǧַүǧַү˵ҩ֮ǻһһһѦСߣҲЩˣ֪ʲô顣
ʱ˱ǧַүЩõ˵磬ô˺֣һˣЩϼ˵Ĺ콫˼ҵĶóǡ
ǧַүЩεЦһй䣬͸оһһʱûסùϼ죬֪Сӣһ·׷ʹ򣬽ҴⷬģŽй
˵ţǧַүһʬ˳ǼǮ͵ݵ˵С
˽ӹʬʱǰһ·һ˵ͷ˵ֲҴƶⱦҲ⶯ģȷˣСӹҵĺˡ
˵գ˽ʬЩǮһݸҡ
ҿ˼ӹʬжʱϲʧãĥѣⱦֵԼϣͲõүӹˡ
Һܿ콫ʬ˵ˡⱦģҿɶԲڣʧãҪллǣүҲǵĲԣǼǮ͵үҽҩˡ
Űɣ粻ȱǮⱾġ˵ţֽǮҵС
ת˸ǧַүֵ硭ԺͲҪˣֵΪéɽĳϣ͵򣬾ȵһʱȴȲһΪ֮ɡֵҾһҲȥɡ
˵ţվεҡҡͷǧַүһۣתʧҹɫ֮С
ǧַү֮˲Щε˵գƶЩԲסλˣղűǳ֮ΪǧַүλҼ׸磬СֵΪ˵ʱ򣬱һ͵УһգϾӵĹǿֶΣֵŲڶʮǰֵ˵éɽƶʦУéɽУڴ˴ɸĲ͵Ķϰֵܵĸ˵˶ΣҲǱѸģƶҲΪͷ۰
ҺѦС߶ǵļҲܲţֻҪʬһͺãҲ˵ʲô
˿֮˲¶ʵôͻȻܵéɽˣǲʲô飿
£ҺѦСҲ˵ָ㣬éɽһλҢ˵ĵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҪҢʦ֣ʱ˿̾ɽϣߴǹȥ
ҺѦСлϲôɽأΪéɽĳϣҲرù
ˣéɽķȥ
ţͻȻҵСӣүүɺã
һ㶣ʵʶүү
ȻҸ˵һˣ֪ôʶүүˡЩص˵


252 һ
˵ʱҵĺģЩƵʵˣ˵˾˭
΢΢һЦ˵Ȼ֪үүص黪ĸˣ϶֪һ½ΰƽģҲǣ
ΰƽ̫Ϥˣһʶΰƽʱ򣬻һǰұʱүүʡǴģǸᶯ÷ļһһĽֻǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ
ǣұ˵ˣ˼һǰӣΰƽҵȻʶˣȹҵ֪˼Ҵʱʲô˼أ
˹һЦ˵СӣƶȻ⣬ҪҵλҢ˵Ĵͽܣ˵ΰƽ磡˵ҵһ㶣ЩԼĶ䣬Ū˰죬ԭΰƽéɽˣҸʶһ࣬Ǵӱ˿е֪飬ΰƽصĿ
֪ΰƽҢ˵ͽܣҺ˷ѾȥѦλүӣֱӸүүһ绰е͸ˣΰƽϵ͸һ㡣
Ŀɿڴɫ˱΢ЦҾ֪СӲ֪ΰƽéɽӣҪȻҲôððʧʧľéɽ˶ûУéɽɲʲô˶ܹģéɽȴһҢˡ
ҺٺɵЦ˵ȷʵǸ֪ΰƽéɽˣéɽҲûߵλѦС磬˵ʶéɽˡ
ѦСߣɵѦҵСӣʶéɽϵ˭أ
ѦСЩ˼ͷ˵СʱҰҽιһܹ˵ĲˣʱҲʮ꣬Լ˵éɽִˣԱСŹˡ
ŶʮǰʦȴƴˣһƷȥһκҶѦҵҽʱӦûССӼʶʦ֣֪ʲôط𣿡
ѦСɫһ죬ҡҡͷ˵һ治̫
ҿѦСߣһƣСƭҵģ֪Ҫҵʲôطéɽɴˣȥȥң
߸磬ôƭ˵ģɽˮҲôҰɣЩԹ˵
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ҸҪСѦСִ䣬ȴһ԰ֵ˺ˡСӾͲҪٳˣҲǲʶȻƶƶɽˡ
ʵҺѦСҲĳѣһʼҾ֪ҽڸҳɽˮġ
ǸղڵĵطŲǺԶҪȻղҲô֣ǧַү
ˣǻǿ첽һСʱŵéɽ¡
ԭΪҪֱéɽſڻҪƱʲôġ
˲ûֱȥǴȥ˺ɽ
طҺѦС߶ǵһҲʶ·ϣīڵҲʲô羰ֻĸš
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ڴʱϵԭ̤л˼־ΧĞųһңҺѦСһĳȣڤڤ֮Уһɾ޴Ȼ𾴣Һ޲ֱҪڵϵĳ嶯
˷ӹص־ΧĞųĸȻ䣬˽Ųһ٣ͻȻ˼Żֽճңң˹ȥǼŷͻȻʧˡ
һ۵ͻȻ֣εҺѦС߶Щ۾
֮Ž֮ͻȻһţкüɸߣǴ֮ϵʮɣΧ͵Ľ⻷ƣԡ
Ϊµ֮ףµһأڰ˶죬νéɽ澳
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ôһ̣վŵſڣ͸оԼ̤ţֱӾ͵ͥʴ۵Ľࡣ
ǽéɽͨѦС߾һ˵


253 éɽ
ɵʲôϽɡվɢŽĴſڣתûСӣߴٵ
ʱˣվɢŽĴſڣϾҲһ⣬˿̿ȥ·Ȼ𾴡
˵ҺѦСȷʵûô棬һéɽɽţ㾪ȵĿɿڴЩѽ԰ӵĸо
ҺѦС߶һ֮æ˹ȥ
кһһǿ粽Ǵ֮ҺѦСҲСĸ˽ȥ
ȥ֮ȫڵİϢѦλүסĵطҪ𺳶ˣڰ֮䣬ҳԶȥͦԶĵطԼܹɽ̨ͤ¥еƹɽ˸ɽ֮䣬Ҳǰ˼ɾһ㡣
ͷҲûصļǰߣһߣһζеķЩΧİһ㡣
ҺѦСͣͣĶ棬ʲôʡ
ԭéɽһΪéɽéɽҪƱȥԭéɽڣéɽĺɽһ󷨽磬Ƕéɽ֮һڡ
ˣû˴·˵ʲôҢˣɵСӾéɽתһӣҲ֪éɽʲôط֪Ңʲôȥˡ
ѦС߻Ϲ׻˵ʶéɽˣֱϹˣһжǰ״
ǰ˴ԼӵĹ⾰ܵİͲˣǾֱһɽСϣҺѦСת󿴵ʱİһҲˣȫɽͺ͸ֽɽϵĹɫķӡ
⻹棬ǾéɽѰһҲĵط
һǰߣһк˵ߣЩĸ˵Сӽǰɣ
ҵ˵ͷӦţүү֡
˻ͷһۣЦе˵ƶʦ˵һټʮǰéɽһξ޴ĽѣЩи֮ΣɽŶ˸ˣéɽ֣֮꣬үʦ棬Σ֮ʣͦéɽˮ֮УƾһԨɱʬҰѪɺӣǴһս֮éɽò¼ӹɽŷѾֹȥһٶˡ
˹ˣߵﶼүպéɽүȻ𾴣һͷ޲ҪĤݵĸо
һԽԽˣҼλүʲô飬һټʮ֮Ľ˼ҵ
ڽѹ꣬ϻĴţ˻ϣҲֵˡ
үѾҵż治֪ʲôʱүһ߳ƣպա
ұʵˣһټʮǰʲô飬éɽɸأ˸ˣ
תͷһۣɫЩȻ˵һټʮǰ̺ͼ̲Լ£߹éɽ˰̵жд̣ԣʱ̱ۼ˴ǧˣΧéɽһéɽٲ֮أʱү磬ĴʦˣʱͦŻǳΣүǺʦ̶֣ˣǧԼǵ˵ĽɶҺܼҵĶݣéɽǶʦжġ
ЩԼүү˵˵һоΪүү˵ܻЩԴ޵ĸоǾ˿ôһ˵Ǿ϶ˣүȷʵһ
˶үΪʦ棬ӦҲǰéɽĺˡ
ⲻЩմմϲǵүٵĶݡ
ǰʮӵĹ⾰ǰͻȻһƬǸƷӣ֡éɽ
Ʒվżʿǿɽŵġ
˴ȥ֮ЩСʿȫϹϾĹΪʦ塣
˰˰֣ʾ񣬺ܿһʮĵǰһ˵ʦ壬λʲôˣҪ£ԽéɽһҪϼŲǡ
ͲòˣƶģģһҵĺˣһɽҶѦҵĺˣ˵ˡ
ѦҺңǵɴ۾ҺѦС߿ҺѦС߲Щִ٣ɵСƵվסĸ˵ͷ
˵仰֮˱󲽳ǰȥҺѦС߽ž͸ȥ


254 ֮
·ǼɽŵĵʿʱҺѦС߶ǲסĵͷʺãЦеľ˹ȥ
Щ˵ʱ룬Щ˵ǺøȻéɽĵطУҪֵطоͺˡ
Դӽéɽ֮Ҿܹĸо˴˽ܵ飬㣬ǸеĺõطܹУΪԱҪ̫࣬Ϊܸӵľ
ԽƷǰߣһ·֮ϣһ仰Ҳû˵
ǽéɽ֮ǰҹ˴һҲһƬֻмɢɢĵƹ鲼ɽ䡣
ҿЩƹʮ΢õĸǵƣ͵ƻ
ߣǲִĵӲƷģүү˵ЩӲƷŞųУвܲñ㾡ãүүϴֻֻҲٴϡ
Ƕʮһ͵Ĵ꣬ʱѾִĵӲƷסˣֻܾò㣬ȱʲôֻ
ߵéɽ֮һûֻóһۣһźŶûУǱéɽǿĞųȫεˣҲֱֻܵˡ
ɽ·һ·ǰУĬĬһСʱҺѦСߵ۾һûţҿ̲סĶԸָָ㣬ԽԽоطһڡ
֪УߵĵطƫƧܿԺ䣬һҲˣ͵ߵһƬֵʱ˲ͣ˽Ų˵ǰһ·ǹڳҢ˵ȥ˴ڱ˷Ѱû˴죬߻ʧ·ֱӱķɱҸҵ󣬲ҪߣҲҪ˵Ҫ뿪岽ķΧҢʦֵķʮһ˲࣬ƶҲȲǡ
ҺѦСͷĸ˵֡
üһһéɽϵסҪķ󣬿һټʮǰéɽǳ׵ıǰ̸ˡ
˵仰֮˾תС
ҺѦС߻϶ǲ˵Ľӡߣٷκ
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ѦСƺҲоˣڱָͷһңһͷȥѦС߶ͷ϶ð亹Ǳŵġ
ѦС߳ĳطָָ˳ָķȥһ˫ĵ۾֮Уǡ
һ˫۾Ҳŵĺë˫۾һ㲻ͬѰҵĸоǸ
ѦСߵĸ첲ʾҪģǰ߾ˣ߸ˣġ
ѦСĬȻĵ˵ͷǼǰߡ
һǴ֣һȫĹڣ˲ͣ˽ŲһƬĹһ񣬵վʱ򣬲Ÿ˵˴éɽдʦŹǣҲéɽĺɽ
˵ҺѦСҲéɽΪʦͷ
վʱѾתˣҺѦС߼ϡ
һ䣬һɽϳһԺ䣬ԺŴ󿪣˱кǽȥ˵˴Ң˵ڡ
Ժ֮󣬵һյ΢͵ƣһݵĵʹ˳֪һ㡣
ǵ֮žͳһɫӰӣһ˫ĵ۾һҺѦС߶ʱһⶫǸղǸô
ǹͲҢ˵¶˰ԴĿǣҢһǹԴǹʱһźͲ֮С
Ңʦ֣òˡһݵߣǰһ񣬺ǿ˵
ҢҲһЩӲ˵ʦ֣֮أһǲ˹ģΪδأ
ȴ΢΢һЦ˵Ңʦ֪СӲˣһӣһѦҵĺˣүѦѦλǰҢʦֿ϶˵ģʦɽǣ˵ҪҪ̣ԾͽǴ˹ҢʦֲҪǡ
һĽܣҢ˵϶ʱЩɣ´һŻһ¿˵ԭѦҵˡ


255 ɭɭ
˵ҺѦСߵʶ࣬æĸҢ˹һһҢˡ
ʱҲüһҢˣ˿ȥиʮ꣬ҲǴһɫĵۣݣݿ£оһƤŹͷ͵һ͸ƵģټϵģʵЩˡ
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˵ʵҵһμ˵ʱ򣬶ӡȷʵôãһͽҺѦСߺһͨ򣬲ǰƴһƣһֵġ
ھǣҲܾöһ˵ĸоЩŤﲻã˵
Ŀ뿪֮˾վԺ
Ң´ҺѦСһɫģŵ֮󣬿Ҳһ˲ţ˵˵ɣéɽƶΪ£
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һҢⷬҺѦС߶һ㶣ɵо壬Ң˳ıͳĹɭɭ˵ǰˣΪڵĳϡ
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ҺٺһЦͷ˵Ң˹ʬŲһɱģʱһѰæ̨ɽ۾ʦĵģֽʬŸɱģսҶѡ
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Ң΢΢һ˿Ц⣬˵ͷ˵ƶ׵ʱҼλ˼һ棬ʱƶʦ˵ʱ򣬱λүӸҽεģǵ֮ҽƶĺţԺʱ䣬һȥҶȰݷλ˼ҡ
ҶʱӭҢ˵ĴݣҼλүҲҢ˵ѦС߿Ǵס˻ᣬʹҢ˵ƨҲãܹһЩϵھȵҲϵġ
ѦСߵĻҢ˹ŰЩЦ⣬ת˽ȥ˵ɣ纮ء
ҺѦС߱Ң˵󣬳˽ȥ
ﻹͦ󣬲ʮֿտм򵥵ļҾߣҢҲкֵ
֮Ң˱ٴοңʵǰЩʱգͽΰƽɽһΣСӣ˵һ޵ţõһӣһƶôһ˼


256 ˰
Ңһ䣬ҲЩƮƮȻˣ³ҢɵЦǫ˵˹ˣΰƽһûٵΰƽչˣһֱүүұۣΰƽһȣһԶء
Ң˵˵ͷʵڻðɣ
аɣ˼æҲˣҲûˡʵ˵
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ӦһվϵǸ«˳˼־һǸ«һɺɫɷǺ«ٵƮ˳ܿ۳һСģ
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ΪéɽڵĳϣԸֶλǺš
һֱҶԱСȣҪһȥԸ죬Ҳڻ⸱ģҿǷģȻҢʹģȴһۣɵóѵҢˣҲҪ
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˵ţҢ̧ͷҡ
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룬ȴ˵Ϳ˵Ң֪С֮ǰҸҲҶŻˣ뿪ңԣʲô취ĻҢҶȥ
Ңһ֣ȷſʱƺƺηҢˣһɿ㳯Ʈ˹ȥ
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˰ĬĬ߶ţתͷһѦСߣʵ˵ֶ𣿡
ѦСȴҡҡͷ˵˰ҵ˵˵ܵظУǻȪ·ϵĿĻǱ˰ǻɫʮֻѪ̳ɵĵ̺˻ǻȪ·ֱ֮Ϊ֮·ҲǳĻȪ·Ψһķ羰ɫʣ̤֮⻨ָͨڤ֮ġЩǴ˵˭ҲûΪ˶ˡ
Ң˿ѦСߣͷ˵С˵Ĳ˰˵ֱ˰ֻҪȱ˰Ǳ˰еĸݣڻȪ·ϣ˰ҲΪģҪСָʶҪ˰ΪӣƶСָʶ˰СһôǾܹļţʵģϿŸ˲ˣֻϾ壬ڰɲܹ
Ң˵ĽͣҺѦС߲ⶼݺһĭҢ˵˼ǣҪȥȪ·ժһ˰ӣָܻıʶһ̤Ȫ·Ǿ͹ҵˣ
ҢˣڸǿЦ⴫˵еĻȪ·ϵĶȥңƵ˵


257 
Ңȴҡҡͷ˵ƶû˵Цû˰Сǲָܻʶģ֮⣬
ҢˣôȥȪ·ѵǸɱȥȪ·ûǱ˰Ǹһȥܻص𣿡ѦСҲһε˵
ҪȥǻȪ·ƶַһҲǴ˵ϣڤ֮أķƣСڵΪﲻֲΣһϣʱҲ̫಻ܳգ֮ڣ겻ܻع鱾λԶҲزˡҢ˵˵
ǵڶַأٴʵ
ڶַ磬ͻһͬȥڤ֮أַȻһЩȴ쳣գΪһ磬ǻ˽ڤ֮أǱڤ֮صĹȻҵ˺Ƭٲ֮ءҢٴɫ
ҺѦСٴκݺݵһĭ⻹Ƕҵһξ޴սһ;ô̼ȥһȦûһ˰ôĸоأ
ѦС߻ЩĵʵҢˣǻûиһЩİ취
ҢҡͷҪȻƶղΪʲôȰֱӽСأİ취İ취Уƶȴ֪ˣΨһ֪ڤ֮еĻȪ·ϵı˰СָʶƶŻһѡ֮һȥڤĪ⣬ܻ֪ܲҵжƶҲᲫȥЩ顣
ҳһƬһҧ˵ȥ
ҲҪȥѦСҲ˵
߸磬¶ͲܸˣֻҴ·û˵Ҫȥƴ㻹Ұɡֿ˵
ѦСȴҡҡͷ˵ƾʲôһȥڤȥأ͵ˣôĵطҲøſⱲùȥȥ̽̽·˵
߸磬ɲ飬һزˣҿû취Ǽүӽҿ㻹ǴɣԼ飬ԼеˡٴȰ
ѦСȴģȰ˵ҪȥģҲǺް취
Ң˼ִˣŵ˵ڤ֮أĪ⣬ʱҪӦԲԤϵΣֵطһȥͶһܶȥȻòƶ֮ǰȥһΣǻʮ֮ǰ飬һƶʦȥģܹĻһȥƶòǣһǸطʲô飬Ҫƶ֪һҲţǵ˻Ȫ·ϣֻ͵һ˰ɣҲǷǡ
ҺѦС߶һۣҢصĵͷĪľЩСͬʱЩ㷲治ֵ֪طʲôֵֹ顣
ҢصһǬϣ˵߰ɣ²˳٣ھͶ
ҺѦСһæʵ񡭡ȥ
ǰСϽ̶˵ţҢ˾ͳӡ
ҺѦС߶û뵽Ң˰˸ɴ䣬ӦžҪȥ
æѦСһ׷Ңˡ
ҢˣʲôطԶԶǶܹߵҺʵ
éɽһ磬ֱͨڤֻһС·éɽһλΪʦسģǵطר˰أֻ߾ˣʱǧҪ˵ҲҪƣ֪ôҢٴζǵ
ҺѦСĬĬӦš
Ң˵ǼԺ֮ǾһСһֱǰߣʱҹţСֻǼ˵ĽŲ
éɽҹգǶһԲ¸߹ա
ҹɫѾټˣǸ߸ڴ壬ҲϿպǶ
ʱҺѦС߶ЩĪڸµԵʣһ·϶û˵
ӡУǺ񴩹һƬִ֣һƬƵӣֱһɽԣɽϳһľɵһСţɽ֮䡣
ɽ֮аڣŻûоͷһֱš
ǰҢţ첽ǰţҺѦС߽ں棬һţоһֱڻζȥʱ򣬷ֻֽڵİһ۸ףλƵϣвЩսľʧȥȻҪˤһǣҢȴߵʮְȣʱ˺óһξ롣


258 ɫ
ȻһЩսľҺѦС߶Ҫǿ֮ˣܱҢ˸СˣһҪȥܵظһȦһŵĵûУһȥǸطõˣ
һҺѦС߾һ·첽Уҡҡλεһߣ׷ǰҢˡ
ȻźܳȴҲоͷģһֱ߰˷ӵĹ⾰͵ŵĶ档
ŵĶһɽ溮ĵҺѦСվڵʱ򣬶ʱǶﴵĺ紵ĸԴһ
վⶴڣθһڣղŹŵʱһ·λƣо壬һ̤ʵأЩӦһͷȥѦСߵʱ򣬼ɫҲÿ
ҢڶͣƬ̣תͷһۣһȥ֮ǧҪŪκ죬һƶķԸǶ˿֪
ҺѦСͬʱ˵ͷ͸ԺƵġ
Ңתͷȥ˶ϵĵۣȥ
ҺѦСһ·档
ɽ󣬿Ҳʮֻͨɭɭƣ¶Ҫࡣ
Ҳ֪ΪҢ˲Ҫ洦ҿطҲȷʵûʲôÿġ
ɽͦǼ棬ֻ˴˵ĽŲϻЩŪĻˮ淢žž졣
оһֱǰߣҲ֪˶ãɽͻȻĿǰһȻɽܺڣɽʯ֮ƺһֻᷢʯͷһֱɢ΢ĹâԼܹ֮һЩ
м俿λã˼ʯʦģһԻ⼸СĵûпĻӦéʦĵ
ߵԣҢͻȻ͹ĳǼķͷ
ҺѦС߶Ǻ󱲣ҢˣҲæǼͷ
ߺˣΪҪ簡һͻȻ˷ԶһɲַϣȻ𾴣ұ̧ͷȥѰͻȻҢ˵ĻɵƣҲֻⷢܽԴ˫֮䣬ԹԵĹ
Ƭֻ֮Ңޱȹ˵éɽڳҢҪͨȥһҪ飬˼ҷУҵȹ硭
ͨڤ֮أĪ⣬һ룬һ֪Ǹʵ
ֻ֪ܹ֮Уòȥ˼һ棬ҵȹǡҢٴαϹϾ˵
ǸһƵ̾Ϣֵƶ֮ãĲʮˣܹȴֻ˶ѣϴʦһ·ͬУſȫˣһȥʵգƶֻܷȰһ䣬֮أǲȥΪ
һжʱһ֮ǰҢ˸߹ңڤ֮쳣գû뵽Ȼյ̶ֳȣʮéɽǰȥֻ˻ЩѲɾڤ֮أزˣ
о壬Ҳ֪һε׸òȥΪһ˰˵ڤ֮أȷʵЩ̫ʡ
һ뵽ǿɰȣҵ־ٴμᶨһҪȥŹҲҪһ
һǴŹء
ѾȻӦǣǿûлͷˣ˼ҳȫҢֵ
ðɡȻˣǾȥɣƶǹȥǸ˵仰֮󣬾ûϢ
Ң˾վҺѦСҲŴӵ
Ҹով֮ͻȻ͸оɽ֮͵һ࣬ůģһŻɫɽյ͸
һֱͷ洦ǵŻĹɽʱһ̲ס̧ͷһۡ
һŻɫжʱһҵţɽʲôʱͻȻһ
ǸţһСЩʨӣȼһźɫĻ棬һ˫ɫ۾ƺЩʵ֣΢΢һӣлƣһǣȵĻ棬һ￴ž͹˵ġ
Ҳ֪ⶫͻȻǴðģǸսɽʱ򣬲ûз
һʱҺѦС߶ŵļн˫һҶǹ۾߿ʱæͷȥӡ
éɽĵطʲôŹֵܿǴǧĵʥأš


259 ƻ
ǸðŻĹһ֣ʹҡڵĳ˹Ңһ֣ĸǹ˵ͷʥ·
ǹܹҢ˵Ļһǣٴ棬תɽȥ
ҺѦСߴҴԴҢ˵ֻðĹһͬǰߡ
ûǸٴ
ס
ЩɻЩе˵ȵһ¡
Ңת֮һ֣˵֪˼һʲôԸ
ÿߵŅ̀ͷƶһۡһΣӼˣƺЩȲ
һ£ʱŷþͽҢˣǲ˵
ѵʲô⣬磿
жʱһʱҢ˱̧ͷɡ
ЩִٵĿһҢˣҲ֪ĿǾ̧ͷǼʯȥǵطʯ֮⣬ûʲôڣȴҲ֪һֱڸ˵Ǹ˲ںδŪأ㷲
Ҹո̧ͷǸűһ˵񡭡񰡡һΰٶȥˣƶΪٴμ
ҲǵһξˣһμѦҵλүӵʱҲ˵Ƕ˵ҳǼλү磬λӦ˵ҳү϶ûˡ
Ȼ˽Ң˵⺢ʲô
ҵĺˣֽҢһ˵
ֲáֲáƶΪ˹ˣԭǹ֮ҲҲաתǰ鶼˹Ҳ֪Сӵ׻ûлš
һ֣ص˵ҢһȥڤһҪչӣؽǻŴҿɲܾ󡭡
ҢתͷҺѦСһۣٴαϹϾ˵ӽ̻壬Ңһڣ㽫Ǵǡ
šȥɡ˵ʧˡ
ţ˱ǣǸðĹﳯɽȥһߣҾһ룬ղǸ˭أ϶ʶүүү˵үǳéɽéɽһŵӣڵ꣬éɽһһĸ֣éɽϵʶүһҲ֡
ֻðĹһֱӵĹ⾰һʯǰǰû·ˡ
ǻðĹҫ£ҿʯ֮ϿҴûмطģǷÿһ˵ĲԾɷ裬͸һֻǿһۣҵ㲻
ǻðĹߵʯ֮ǰһһ˻ſѪ죬ͳʯһȵĻ棬ʱ䣬ЩȫҵȼӳյҲůġ
ţͷһҺѦС߸е˼飬ҢкһҸͳðʯ˹ȥһգۼʧʯ֮С
ҺѦСߴ۵Сۣһʱȫסˣʯڻ׵ľ룬ܹоʯ֮ϴȵ¶ȣ߹ȥҪˣ
Щҹȥ˺һûж
ʱͻȻһϺʲôݺݵײһ£ӽžͷðʯȻײ˹ȥ
ҷһУûзӦײðʯ֮ϡ
ǣҲûһյĸоŵҽı۾;һתǱ˺һ㣬ָоʮǹɽһ㣬ٴиоʱӾѾ˵֮ϣˤǽһҡ
ҷӦһӰ֮ҵϣǸ˼֮󣬻һֱŴ󺰴Уʮ̶ִ
ˣ죡һƵĵͺǸȻֹ
Ҵʱſϵ˱ѦСߣȻٴ󺰴ˣȴһģ
֮ѦС߲˳ϣſǻ˵ѽѽˣղðĹӱһӣҾͷ˹һΪԼҪء
ǲǹ֣ƻޡ
ҺѦСվҢ˿ȥʱվߣüͷܴš
ҲܿȥһƬ˸ԶĵطһһСĳӣлҽӿϢڲͣðݡ
Щ֮⣬ܺڳһƬҲĶ
⻹һ


260 
ҺѦСվܿȥһƬӱ鲼ڴϣ֮ӿҽһƬһƬݴǻ֮зӿѿۡ졣
ȵӭʱҿڸһȺ
ȥҢ˵ʱȴУ۾һֱɨţʮ־裬ҺѦСطز죬ֻܸҢˣֿ֪µĵطܹʲô˼顣
ɨһȦ֮Ң˲Żͷ˵˴ڽéɽһλʦٳһ·ͨڤ֮أҪľǹŹءҪΪطͺܰȫҲΣһڣԣƶòٴξǣڴ˴Ҳɴ߶Ҫƶ岽֮ڣʵǣղǿͷƻޣéɽһλǰ֮нޣģ֮Убƻ޸ΪµĴڣǼŭǣǱ˵ȥȪ·ʲô˰Źضˣ֮Уˣңƶɲ뱻СӺڴ˴
ҺѦСصĵͷŵ˵ˡ
ղǸðĹʲôƻ޵ļһžͿֲ˵ˣҲˣǸˣһһսǿȼһһ죬ҹƾֱӱɿˣ⻹ô
µǣҢ˵бƻ޸ļһǵʲô
ʵʵɣԺӣųȥ
ڶЩˣҲ֪òֹط
ҢתҪߣұʳһֱڵһɻ󣺡ҢˣɶղǸ˼˭ʶҼү
Ңתͷһۣ˰ΣͻȻƶҲǺ
Ǹƣ֪Ҫԥôʱ䣬һΪ֪أҢҽ͵λǰǿéɽһ棬ƶҲ˵éɽжˣԴƶʱ˼Ҿһֱ磬ȷе˵Ѿһˣһɰ־־Χɢûʵ壬Ҳ˵һӽڵɵѾǴΪһ塣
˵һЩ̫ףʵӽڵǵʲô
ɡҢĵ˵
ҵ񰡣ϻгɵѦС߾ȵ
Ңȴҡҡͷ˵˹ɲɣ½ɣֻ˵־Գ𣬻ԼΪһ̶ȣɵɣʱ򣬱ʵ壬˲ˡ
һЩ̫ףſʵǹǲǸүƵģƹһСƬط
Ңĥһ˵ͷ˵Ǹ˼ɣЩġ
ͻȻ䣬Ңüͷһ۵Сôô⣬ʮΪʲô𣿸Ͻߣﲻܴ̫ãֻܶ죬һӶҪ
˵գҢ˱㲻ҺѦСߣתǰ첽ȥ
ҺѦС߶һۣҢ˻ǸƢղźúúõģתۼͱɫȷ鶼죬Ǳʵɽˮ߳ŭˡ
£ҺѦС߱ĬĬĸҢ˵󣬿첽ǰȥ
һƬƬﱻ˺ըĵһ㣬Ŀ꣬ĴŨ̹ĬСĸҢǰߣӿҽĻӣʱǰǺôһƬȼŵĻֻмһӿݵСֻݵһǰߡ
һţС߹вʧǻ֮УҽյҶʣ
Ҳ֪һʲô״̬֮У˵ǷӿҽӦʮȲǣֻǾЩ̣еôȡ
˴ĹǴһƬǰûǰĻˣֻϡϡɢڸҸоǣطȻʼֲЩֲȻĲ̫һ˸ͷ⣬Ҳι״ɫʮֵֻкɫͰɫЩڰֲм䣬һЩССĻӣȼܻ⣬ڣһֻξеĴһж̫ʵ
ȻһߵطҢ˱ٴ֣صľҺѦСߣطκζǾ仰ǲ뿪岽֮ڣҢ˵ƬֲǸ޳ûڡ


261 ڰɭ
Ң˵ĻҺѦС߸ŵĴҴһ˵ޣҾ뵽ֻƻޣͣԲֻƻ׷ĵܵΡ
˵仰ԴǲҢ˱ٴǰȥ
ѦСȴ̲סʵҢˣҪ߶òܵǻȪ·
Ƭڰɭ֣ĻǾܵŹأܹȥһܵǻȪ·ľͷῴһˮӣӽӣı˰Żб˰Ϊ߮»ҰԹأԹǱ˰Ż˰ǹȥ͵һû۷ԸҪʲô⣬һ鷢Ǿȫñ˴ڤ֮أǿɲ顣Ңһһߵ˵
ֻҢ˵һģڤ֮ƺûа죬ȫǺҹպڳģûҲûһ޴Ļڵҹա
ȷ˵ǻûڤ֮أֻڤ֮صıԵƣҪһܵŹأֻй˹Źزڤ֮أ죬ǲϷӿҽĻ֮⣬ҲûʲôյĶ
ںڰ֮һ·ţܿǾͿ˻ǸߴϣϢ񣬳ƬƬķɹЩ񳤵ѻ¸µ죬ͷϺХһƬơ
ԽڰɭֵȥָҴûмͳˣЩϵɫҲڰɭһ㣬ֻкڰɫȻľ͸ɭΪһ塣
ҿЩߵͨѩףȴһԴ棬ô֣ϵӣ̾һźɫɫҶӵĴϣ⼸֮͡
Ң˶Щȴǲмһ˵ģҺѦС߿ôɫߵĶ̾ǵͷϣȴŵĲᣬҢȴ˵Щʳݶ⡣
Щɫ׶ӣҺѦС߻Щ̫š
֮⣬ǻ˵ɫĳӣɫ󡣬е緹ôϳ˰ɫĶңȺӵɽŴ
ÿʱҢ˶ͣЩڰɭеõ
ҺѦС߸е𾪵ǣܲںڰɭеЩ֮УȻһЩĴͷǷҽ֮УȷʵҺѦС߸е˼飬˼ǣвҰ޾ΧǻӵıԵҽˮȡ
ȴҲ֪ΪΣڰɭ֮еҰȻһĶʮ׶ȴǣһеԭӦþҢ˵ϣΪҿɢһӨӨĽ⣬һɺȻ֮ƮɢҲҺѦСС
ڣ֪ҹҲ㲻׼ʱ䣬ҳûֻһֻ治ûźţֱӾûˡ
ѦС߸Ҳһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãǻûбԵĺڰɭ֮УҺѦСߵĶЩƣˡ
Ңƺǵƣתͷ˵һ·ǻ˳ǰһʱǾܳڰɭֱ֣Źˡ
һʱԼСʱҲ֪ҢֵطʱģϢҺѦС߲ⶼһڰɭʵ̫ѹˣ͸
һ뵽һҪŹأҺѦС߲⻹Щ㷲
ֻ֪˵˲ܹŹأǴˣҪιȥأ
⵹ǵĵ⣬ҢڴˣҲȥǸطᳵ·Ҫȥȫˡ
ˣٴСǰߣǰû˼ͻȻ䣬ǰĺɫݴ֮ͻȻһ죬һȫͣ
Ƭ֮󣬵һͷ޴Ǻɫݴ֮˳޿ЩҰϵëֱǱϵһëǴһ㣬޵ĸͷܴСţӣϻһƵģζž޴ͳ߿񱼶Ƿ˷һ㡣
Ǿ޴Ұ޴ӺɫݴﱼûãŴҲܳ˼ͷޣһͷҰޱͷС࣬ǳһģһܵĪľţϺųߺֱײ
ۿǼͷԽԽಡƿͷϾʹ˹̧ͷȥʮڱǹĶмں漸ͷϣӽĶ˵ϡ


262 ڰڤ
мǹҲ˹ʱվǰҢͻȻॡһϽı˳ǰһһţһӿ֮䣬ЩǴıǹʱһԣ˲Զһô֮ϣ
Щǹ֮ҢһٵĻգ㽫ǱǬ֮УһǳɣӶûõǺÿ֡
ʱٳߵһǹȥǱǹһľɵģǰ⣬ʮֲִڣǺܴ֣г˵ֱǰϸ
ȴҲ֪Щǹʲô˶ġ
ǰͷĹһ٣ǼֻС޿һۣһҵİʣµͷûǹҰ޼߿񱼶
㿪Ң˸˵һӳһȥҺѦСߵӦ˹Աһ󲽣ͷĹ޴һζ
ͷڴܹȥʱ򣬻ͷ߿һۣתۼʧ˺ɫݴ֮С
Щ޸ո뿪ǰĺɫݴԶʱʮιʮָߴҲҦôߣʮǿ׳ߵĹƵ׶࣬һһŴƵԴĿëڵĸúƵġ
ЩιһӲݴЩǹеĹޣֱצ˺Щ޵ĶƤ೶˳ֱӾͷŽڵʳǳǼ޵ʱЩ޾Ȼţϵķҵİ
Ҳ̶õĻ棬ǹѪȵģҺѦС߿ŶɵŴ͡
Ȼ䣬Щι֮һ̧ͷվȻվųªޱȵ϶ʱһĨϲ󺰵ˡ˰
໹ڴõιʱվӵɫѪҺ飬ȫɵ㶵ĳ߿˹
ҺѦСһ㶣ҲЩ޾Ȼ˵˻ôĵطһȺ˵˻Ĺϡĺš
ֻǲ֪ЩǵѣҺСѦС߲ɵȫ䱸ԽǬУסԼķ
һǣЩιͷЩڲϲҺĹޣԽڵϵıǹӵϰ˳վǰһι͸ߴʯͷĥƵİ師һ˵ҲһٽأкЩιͳΧ£˹
ȷˣЩι϶ǵѣ̰Ŀ⣬Ҿ;һɶ񺮣ǲǽǵʳ˰ɣ
ղǳǼͷ޵ʱֱ̻һ뵽Ǳ׽ӣȶЩ
ǰǸιޣһ˵ͷżȹǣһŴ죬Цطþúþöûпˣϴο˵ʱ򣬻Ǻþǰóˣһˣ̫ˡ
˵䣬Щιͽ˸ΧЩӿЩιһۣʵҢˣЩǸذ
Ңȴƽ˵ú¡ڰɭֵںڰɭзϢǱн֮ΪڰڤˣһƶʦʱҲڰڤˣԴЩˮɵģܺúŪġ
ҵ˵ͷЩĲ£ܾЩڰڤ˲׵ķǹȥ
ʱҢǰһĸǰǸڰڤһ˵λ죬֣ǶԼˣѡʶǵĴȶأܲܽȶҸ˵仰
ǰǸڰڤҢ˵ͻȻЦҪȶ
Ң˵˵ͷ˵ԣҪǵĴȶ
ǴĺڰڤٴιЦĶ˵ҪҵǸȶѾҳԽ˶ӵʱ򣬿԰ҰʹڰɭֵĴ
ªļһһ˵ٴκȻЩڰڤ˲ԻˣԼͬ඼ԣǹëѪԭʼںˣҢ˵˱ǰаʹĸˣզ죿
ҢһҲɫӦǰʹһ֣˵⼸˶׽ߣҪǿųԣöûг⣬ĺܰ
ʹһ˵ţˮ˳ͷݺݵһ촽
Щڰڤһеıǹͳ˹ʱҢһ֣󺰵ȵȡȶֻ֣ҪǹȥԸöǽ
˵ţҢ˽Ǭóһ


263 жˮ
ҺѦС߿ҢõĶʱ򣬶ʱһƣõĲǱģִװʳΣǼӵ͵ġ
Ң˽һʳóЩڰڤ˵ǰһΣ˵ҸÿһǼ˹ȥΣ
ҺѦС߱˴˿һۣ룬Ң˻ΪЩڰڤһɵأ
һξ뻻ôܣ
һΪҢ˻óʲôһζѣ涥ǮЩڰڤԴװȫˮӦþϵ˰ɣ
ǸʹĺڰڤһҢŵĶʱΧŵЩڰڤ˿ȥʵ˭֪õʲô𣿡
һںڰڤȫ۵Сۣҡͷʾ֪ǰʹŭҢ͵ΣǱóԵĶƶǳһǾ֪ˡ
˵ţҢ˾ðʳߵһֻҰһĹߣó˽ǹ޵ƤˣֻƤĹһЩΣһŻֽһΣʱȼҢеĻֽһֻƤĹϣǹ޵϶ʱȼһŻ𣬲ʱһɿζʱ
Щڰڤһŵɿζʱһ϶¶˾ɫͣ⶯űӣ˹Ӷ˳
ʱ䣬Щڰڤ˵ĿʹǼ˵תƵֻϣ׷Χ£˹ȥһﶼ˹⡣
ֻİĹϵĻϨ֮Ң˻һЩȻкЩڰڤ˵ˣҿȳζΣ
Ǹʹĺڰһƿˣݺݵһͷһ¾ͽһȶҲ˲ȣһҧµʱǰʹ彫ϸϸĽһ£Ӷ
ó԰ⱲӶûԹôóԵĶ
ҵ񰡣⻹óأ
İ죬滹ɫѪ˿һܺóԵȥ
Һܿ˹Щڰڤƽʱǳ⣬ĳԹĶҲûΣɶ⣬ܱĺóԣ˵ټӵˣζǷ츲صı仯
ԣǺڰڤ˵Ĵʹֻһڣ㱻ζ̼˸жˮ
һǴˣʣЩڰڤͰ಻סˣһȥֻİĹж˿飬һ˱һգۼĹһֻϴĹͱԵһɶͷˣ֮ȻҲЩδڲͣ˱ָͷ
Щڰڤ˶ûгԱ֮󣬱׷ΧסҢˣϽ֣ļǿƶǵĹҲˣʱҢȴɫƶзǳҪҪȥһڤ֮أڴ˴ܾξǣڰɭ֮еǻأԼˡ
˵ţҢ˾ͽǴεݸǴʹ塣
Ң˸ǰʹּۻ۵ʱһСĸѦС˵С߸磬ûд
ѦСһ㶣ͷһۣʵʲô
һҪЩڰڤ˲ߣЩĹµǶڴ˴Ҳܹҳһı
ѦСߵɫСĸ˵Ѧйأֻ˲ɱˣϴĶġ
òɱǣֻ轫鷭ûл֮á˵ͬʱҳЩڰڤ˿һۣһߴͣͷߣֱһȺЩڰڤ˴һûУңҲ֪Щڰڤ˻ûı£һ򲻹鷳ˣʡ£ֱ鷭ˣǺ·
飬ѦС߱ʾ֧֣Ҿ߹ȥСĸڸǸʹ˵Ңˣ֪Ң֮ȴҡͷ˵Щڰڤ˸ȫһһĶ𲻵κá
һҢ˵ұʾʮΣֻܽϣҢˡ
Ƭ֮ǰʹҢ˵ǹȥԣһһΣóǾͷߡ
Ң˷ǬҲֻҳһγǴֻܹҲ˵˱Ҫһ
Ҫ֪ˣҾʹʮ˰ι˭֪֮лһƬڰɭ֣ڰɭﻹסһȺڻȥҲѾˣǲܵ顣
Ң˿ĵĸǰʹ˵һͨ˵ǵȰ֮һٲһǣǰʹҪһ


264 ɱ
Ƶǣǰʹ廹ָ˵ҪҲ֪ǼһΪɶѡңǿҳϸƤģӦúܺóԡ
үģû̸ˣҪȻͶģڰɭ־͵ʱ䣬ôīȥȴҲ֪ȵʲôʱ
Ң˿ĵ˵˰죬ǰʹӾתǺžǱһθΪסˡ
ǰʹ˵Ըڰڤ˹Ҫҡ
ҳҢ˿һۣҲң۾ͻȻðһ׹⣬û˿Ԥ׵ľͽϵı˳ͳǰʹϿ˹ȥ
ΪҢôĽɫ˸ߴİʹҲ϶Уǰʹȴʮ׺˺һ;ǳصĸͷסҢֺֿݵһʱһ䡣
ڿȥһ֮Ң󺰵СӿܣһֱǰܣйŹصĽ籮͸ϽͣңЩڰڤǲҿġƶסЩڰڤˡ
˵УҢѾǺڰڤ˵ĴʹһҢеǰѽҲһһγҫѽɫĻȼˣǰʹһ͹
ǰʹ⧲æϵʯͷĴ師УȴҲǱƵˡ
ǱҢһǰʹʣЩڰڤҲҺѦС߳˹һŭɶ뽫ɱĽࡣ
ҺѦС߶Ӧ˹׷óԼϵķЩڰڤ˲
ΪЩڰڤֻǸͷһЩһҲŷȫûеô򵥣Щڰڤ˵󣬱ƾһҲҺѦСûʲôм֮
һڰڤˣʯʱұͭǮȥӣһڶˣµĵ涼ݽȥһ飬Ѫӿ
ѦСϼǴŶЩڰڤҲ𲻵κãҪɱǣǽЩڰڤ˵Դֱӿ
գۼĹǾ˺ڰڤ˵İΧ֮УҢ˵ѹ󣬱߰˸ڰڤˣҲǴʹڣһΧȦС
ҺѦСߵѹҲСÿҲҪͬʱԸĸѲĶ֡
һʱ䣬˾޴Σ֮УЩڰڤ˵ʵһǶ֣ҺѦС߶ʱˣüΣҶЩڰڤ˵ʯС
ȥǷַӾҪЩԵĺڰڤУҲòþˡ
һ½ͭǮ׷˳ȥ˼־
ͭǮҼ־һĴ߶ͭǮֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮЩڰڤ˴˹ȥԼһгȥܿܽսȫˡ
Щڰڤ˲ҲƤЩͭǮϣһѪֱǶǵƤ֮УǷ׷˼
ΣкȻЩһѲҪֲҢһǶ֣ǿĵķѾĻ
ˣһзųȥҲһĻãΧҺѦСߵЩڰڤ˱˼
ѦС۵Ĵ죬һѾץסĸ첲˵ߣȥŹصҢˡ
鵽زѦСҲҶͲЩڰڤ˵Ķ֡
ѦС߻ͷһҢˣһ˰ΧȦЩͭǮеĺڰڤ۵۴Уǡ
Ƭ֮Щڰڤ˾ͷӦ˹̤ĳ׷˹ǲ׷ǱǹһĶӵϰҺѦСܵķͶ
ƿҺѦС߶Щִıǹܶ඼ߣǱⶫУһ͸ɥѦСһ亹
ҺѦСܳȥûãٶȾͷŻΪЩڰڤеıǹһǲòͣͷϿȥʱܣǺûг۾һӾ͹ҵˡ
Щڰڤ˸ӺܸߣҲǿ죬Ƴڰɭ֮׷ޣܵĹǣֱܿЩڰڤ˸׷ˡ
һڰڤ˵ʯҶͷ˹һΣ㿪ȥҲЩˣĽ֮еתͣ˽Ų־һƴ˳ȥ
Ǹڰڤûϵһͣӻǰ壬СͱһУҼóʮɵһɴӿȣм˳ȥǺڰڤ˵һƺߣӾ͵˳ȥ˵ϡ
ǣ¶꣬ΪѾɱġ


265 ŽǴ
㲻һҲùһһ
ٴα任һ־ЩںڰڤϵͭǮȫǣ˻һͭǮƮҵͷ֮ϡ
Щڰڤ˵Ĵ󲿶û׷ɱһһ
һΣҽԴԴϵٴλͭǮϣǸƴڵصĺڰڤ˸ոʱͭǮһһ³Ǻڰڤ˵ؿڴ˹ȥ
벻Զһڡ죬ͭǮƤ⣬ײϹ죬Ǵĺڰڤ˵ͷһؿϲŵͭǮһ˼ɫؿڴһŰɫѪҺһΣǴĺڰڤ˾ͳźɵȥȻء
ͬʱһ죬޴ӰƮ𣬳ҺѦС
ҺѦСæܵһԣڰڤˣð̣Ǳһ㣬˿̻תۼûϢ
ЩɹĺڰڤɾҢ˵ĽҲ֪õʲô
ڰڤ˵ʬڵ֮һӰƮȻһɢıǸ˱ҢˣҢ˵󣬻һðźĹһɢź䵶һ֣Ϳһڰڤ˵ĸ첲Ҳ߱˹
ɢźĹһ˫Ѫ۾֮ǰéɽڵӦҢһʮĹһֱ˺Ǵ۽硣
ҾĺڰڤˣҲӦɱ
ҢƮҺѦСߵԣҪ˵ЩʲôͿЩڰڤ˵ĴʹһţǵĶߴһءǶҿҢ˵ɫ䣬ֵĸ˵ʹټڰɭеĺڰΧǣ²˳٣Ͻ뿪ǡܣƶȵסһ
˵ţҢٴξеıкһǻɢź׶ٴɱЩڰڤ˵Ⱥ֮С
ǻðźĹֻһźɫܹľֻһ˫۾Ķܿ죬ǰź䵶쳣ɱЩڰڤ֮Уֵ쳣ӿֲǣɫĹûʵ壬գۼܱΣ˲תƵЩڰڤ˵Ȼһȥһڰڤ˵˶Դܹڵأʱ罦һŨŨİɫѪҺ
ɫˣǰɫѪ
ЩڰڤҲȫûа취ԸɫĹһǱƼˣǵϾͻ᳤һֺɫĶѿһƬŨŨ֭ҺǺɫĹ罦ȥǺɫĹһУϵĺͻ֣ҲЩٻ
Ң˵ֶβˣеǰɫ£ͻһɫĻ棬˲ܽһڰڤ˰Уյž죬İ֮ǵĶС
ǸʹЩڰڤ˵ͣǺŽ֮ٴλǾ޴İ師Ңɱȥһ˶ԸҢ˵ƫƫҢһʱɱ
ʱĺڰɭ֮дŲЩڰڤ˵ĺΧ£ʱһƬɫĲݴ֮Уֳڰڤˣٴμս֮С
ò˶ãԽԽĺڰڤ˹ʱӳȥǱȵ컹ѡ
鼱֮䣬ͻȻ뵽һ飬ʹǬнéɽ˳ǱϴġϴϼأéɽԿʬʬҲ֪Щڰڤܲã
뵱꣬ү翿éɽ壬΢΢һΣϰپʬ׺ëʬɱʮ־޴ġ
ҵΪүéɽ屾ڵģټҵΪҲͻͽ֮ԴԴϵĻڵ֮С
붼û룬ҾͰաϴϼصķ߶éɽ塣
ϰپʬʬǲܣһӦûʲô⡣
éɽ𣬶صڤĺڰɭ֮УղűͭǮؿڵǸڰڤͻȻ΢΢ζһӾʹӵϵ
ȻڰڤûгëëУҲ֪ھʲôʬ˳éɽĴ߶֮£Ǿߺڰڤ˻ĽʬͳҢ˵ķ˹ȥֱӾǴʹ壬ſھͳҧ˹ȥǰʹ巴ӦҲʱ־һ師Ǻڰڤ˻ĽʬϿȥ


266 з
Ȼڻ˿éɽסǸȥĺڰڤˣĽʬǸʲôһ˽ʬȵһرӲǹ룬öڽʬпõķԸԸһʬɵĽʬǲܵ顣
ǰʹеľʯ師һǺڰڤ˻ĽʬԴϣûǰ㣬ԴһԽɽֻǷˡˡһ죬Ǿ߱һʬĺڰڤ˵ϡ
ǰʹһ£ȻЩԾˡסһƵ죬ӦղŰһ師ǽʬʱִӵϵ¥Űʹٴ˹ȥ
㣬һһҢ˵ѹҢ˴ҢˣϽ߰ɣٲ߾ˡ
Ǿ߽ʬס˰ʹ壬Ң˵Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫͳ߿˹϶ǿŵéɽ壬еԵɡ
ҢҲƬ̵ĵ飬ٵһЩټĺڰڤ˸ϹֱӾͱ˽ӣӡ
ʮڰڤѾæңٶһЩ鷳֪ڰɭ֮ежĺڰڤˡ
Ңһնɱһڰڤ֮󣬿ٵĳҺѦС߶ڿٱͬʱҿֽؿڣ˼ŷߵʱѾԼһŷҺѦСߵϸһš
վʱ򣬱˵ܣ
δ䣬ҢѾԼҺѦСȻ֪ΪҪһҲҢһͬ
ǵʱҢǸéɽƵǾ߽ʬʱֵסЩڰڤˡ
ʱܣʱ
ҺѦС߷񱼣ܿ׷ҢˣҢ˻ͷһۣ˵ע˫֮ϣƶ߶ϵз
˵գҢ˱˿ھֽ߲ͣףտǧУһֽӡ
Ң˿ھҺѦС߽ҲҢ˵ķԸһͬ߶˿ھ
֮󣬵ھ֮ҸоϵŻֽǱҢ˳֮ΪзǸʱһȵϢֱͨ֫˺һĪǣз֮ϣȻԼ˫ȸͲԼʹˣಡһ¾ʹ˳ȥǰһײһ
ٶ̫ˣƽʱٶҪ屶ߺŵͷ
ѦС߸һ㣬з߶ʱ򣬵ԣ˿ľܵ˰˾ʮĦгһ·۵糸
֮ǰѦСߴûùзӦˣЩüζײϡ
Ң˷ŻٶȣƽУǵĿǰ뵽ģȱߣҲзˣԼĥɣ֮ȳڰɭ˵
˵ļУҲѦСԼһЩ㼯˾񣬿ǰľһ·񱼣ϵиľʮһ
ܿǱǰʹĺڰڤ˺óһξ룬Ǽ۴Уһ·׷ǣȴϲٶȣֻԽԽԶ
ǰ˺һ׷Ҳˣǰʹ֮ǰ˺Žǣ˷ڰڤˣӭײ˺üڰڤˣ඼һζƹǣЩʵǱòֻܸó˷ոǵٱеٶȣϴ˿עȫǿ󣬵еķײЩڰڤ˵ϵʱ򣬶ʱ㽫նɱڽ¡
˱˴Լʮ·̣ҺѦС߽Ӧзò˵з·һۣʮһ˵֮ԴԴϵĹ䵽ڣѦС߾ЩάˣɫܿͱЩס
ǰ˴ԼаСʱľ룬зɢǵٶҲ𽥷ŻֹһзʹǵأȼգһŻҽ
ˣ˶ͣ˽ŲѦСߵһƨڵĴϢһ־ڵϾͿʼ
Ңȴû¶һ㣬վ֮һۣһ־ǺɫĹͳǵߣһ˫ѪֱĿǡ
ūϢƬ̣ǶˡҢ˿ЩĹūЩ۵˵


267 Ź
ԭɫĹūʮӣղȫһǵסЩڰڤˣʱĹūˣڲϵĺ˲٣ӰҲЩΣҢ˵ٻһƺֱӳҢ˵Ͳ˽ȥ
Ң˵Ͳ֮У϶ҲװСȵǹūС
ҢЩ۵ɫ̲סʵҢˣղǺɫĹʲô·
Ңתͷһۣ˵ƶշĹֱƶ֮ǰɲģ֮ǰǹĵҲ˶١
ܹȹаǾ׺Ҳûжʡ
Ңп˿ڵϻѦСߣʵܳס𣿡
ѦС۾һվɫÿ˲٣ػصڤ֮أӯܿ죬Լָһң·϶û⡣
Ң˵˵ͷһۣ￪ĵطľζЩڰڤ׷
ΣҢ˵ɫߴٵǻҪǰߣܿǾܳڰɭ֣ŹصĽ籮һ˹ŹأЩڰڤ˾ǰ˸Ҳ̤벽ʱǾͰȫˡ
ҺѦСͷҢ˼ǰߣһ·Уǰ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ͳڰɭ֣ڼʮ׿ĵطһɫ޴ʯͷдɭɭĴ֡Źأ
һ֣ҺѦС߲ľһĭѾЩڰڤ˵Ľ۴Уͣ
ЩڰӻǽˮˣͣѵҪǸԣ
Ң˿ЩڰڤǻмףҲæĳǹŹصĽ籮˹ȥҺѦС߻ͷһۣҲߵǹŹصĽ籮ǰ档
Ƭ֮ǰʹʹ߰ʮڰڤ׷
ʱѾ˹ŹصĽ籮档
࣬ɱôˣҰʹ巢ģһҪʬΣ˳ԵʹܻĻеʯͷ師ݺݵ˵
ʹ壬ƶȰƫǲҪɱǵˣͲܹƶĺҢ˵˵
ʹŭĴһкЩڰڤ˹ɱǣЩڰڤƺΪηվŹصĵطûһ˸ǰֻǽеıǹͶ
ǣЩǹֻƮǿŹŹʯͷϿգһεЩǹסˣһŻҽƮ
֪˴ʲôɲĽƣרЩڰڤ˵ģڰɭֵһһľÿԽ׳ذ벽ҪȻͻЩǹһһҷ³
ʹЩڰڤ˸ҹҺѦСߵĵӴʱҲϵĳЩڰڤѦСǰʹ˵б¹
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ﳶ⣬ûΣҢȴҡҡͷǲҪЩڰڤˣϽ·ǻ¶Ҫ졣
һתЩڰ˱ۣǰʹ弱ڹŹصĽ籮ǰתһȴް취ֻܴһȺڰڤֻصƬ
֮뵽һҪ飬ѾЩڰڤ˸׵ˣǽ˰͵֮ǿ϶Ҫԭ·صģʱЩڰڤˣǿզ찡
ҽҵɻҢˣҢȴֵʮֵȻҲ֪ô죬ȴһһȽǱ˰͵˵ɽǰ·а취ȥġ
ҢĹڣҺѦС߾ͷˡ
˹ŹصĽ籮֮ǰʮӣ籮֮ȫǺڳʯͷͿӿݵĵ棬һƬ
ֵǣطȻһƬȴܹ·
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ҢָǸط˵ƬǽǻȪ·ǳǽǹŹأŹصſʮ˴أǿʮҲ飬ǿɲЩڰڤܹģǵǣֻ·һ
һ˵ţһǰߣжʮӵӣǾͿǸ¥ң֡Źء
ղǿʯͷֻǽ籮еĹŹأŹ֮󣬾ǻȪ·֪ģһŹ֣Īһ֣̿һȻηȻ


268 ֤ͨ
ڴ˴ҢͣǬɫķָ֮䣬㽫һŻֽԼϣ˵Ҳ֣ɫķһҢ˵ϣ㻯һޣܿɢΡ
ҺѦС߷ӦҢҲʣŻֽҺѦСߵϣɫĹâһɫķҲܿɢˣʱ˵϶ɢһ㵭ɫâ
Ң˺ܿǽ͵ˣɫéɽһλǰģഫڰ֮ǰݺὭķ֮һܹϵ˿̵Ǹ»Ұһ޶عŹصͲᷢǻˡ
Ң˵Ե⻹棬ڼʶéɽ
ҢЩԺ˵éɽǧ꣬ڵͳڵҸ֮һָ֮éɽ޳ңⲻéɽеһСֶζѡ
ҺѦСͷͶء
ҢִǬԼһݣֱҺѦСߵС
һһһɫֽӡĶңԼߣ顰Ϊᶼ޴۷·˱رܵظת졣ͬʱɫֽӡС˾򡢷ᶼظӡ¡
һҲ֪ɶֻ治һĳҢˡ
Ң˵Ǻĵĸǽ͵ǹ֤ͨ׳·֮󵽹ݡ֮߻֮յͻڤ֮أⶫƶһֱţҪŹõġ
һҺѦС߸ͶأҢ׼Ļȫ
׼׵֮󣬾һɽ£ǹŹصķȥǳ֮ǰվʮߴһĿ׶ޱȣĿɱǺڰɭеĺڰڤ˶ˡ
ʮޱȸߴһžһСɽ档
ǾͿһȺ»ҰһӹŹؿʼһֱƵ쵽Զĵط
ֱ࣬վźܶűӣǸ˳ۣ㳯Щ֮еĹ»ҰϴȥǱеЩ»ҰζʱһۿžҪɢģ
ҺѦСһΣɵſڵϣŵֱĭŹطܣǸλȥأ
һʮֵּ⡣
˿̣ǹŹػһξ룬ʱҢСĸ˵ǿŹذصǼ׶ûУ޴רѡĶش˹أǶӼ߰ߣδõҰϼ̲飬ʮֿ̣κһɻءǰǴٹ˻ƽգ˭ﶼһҪ̲飬Ƿй֤ͨûеĻֱӾͱʮ˴Ļ𣬻ֱӱɵǵǳ׵Ͷ̥ĻᶼûˣԣҪ飬ǹ˹Źأȥľ׶ˡ
Ң˵ɣҺѦС߿ͷһطزģôԶǰعŹصʮ˴;޶˵ĿֲվĽˣɲҪŵӣһ֮ˡ
ҢˣǸʲôѦССʵ
ȿ϶ҪǳĶ֮Уܼܽ飬СӿɵҪס񣬲Ҫ̧ͷȥЩǵ۾ɶأһˣƶɾȲǣһҪذҢٴζǵ
ֻҢԽ˵ԽǽţоӶЩ΢΢ˡ
ôһûҪŹأ̫ôˡ
ҵ۾һֱʮ˴ķȥϣʱһ۾˲ĵطɨ˹۾һħһңʱȫһǹ˵һɵ㶵Ĳܶˡ
ʱҢ˳һѣҵ͵һ£ֹĸоʧ
Сӻˣ㲻ҪЩǱǷˣգۼܻҷ𣡡ҢЩܻ˵
ʱҢٴ̧ͷȥʱ򣬲ɵõһãһ߹ˣ
Ң˵ҵĻ궼ŷˣæʵҢˡ⡭զ죿
զ죬Ͻ·ɣǸҹ
˵ţҢ˱èٵĳɽȥҺѦСҲæײײĸҢ󣬿첽ĳɽȥҢܵĺܿ죬Źұߵķȥ


269 ȴ
ע⵽عŹصĴ߿ʱһƺǷǵĴڣ㳯˹
ҢæкǸϽ뿪˴ǧ򲻿ɱعŹصĴ֡
Ңܵĺܿ죬ҺѦС߻Ų·ĸ󣬾ͳŹŹұߵһλ񱼶ȥ
һ˱ףҢһΣ㵽һʯͷĺ棬ҺѦС־£Ҳʯͷ棬۵ĺȴҲҷ죬ָоرѹ֡
ʯͷ֮ҢСĽԴʯͷԵ̽ȥһ㣬һʱ棬Ҳ͵͵Դȥֻһ޴ӰվڸղվǸɽµıԵɨţ˫Ŀ棬ɭҿףӾͱһʯͷ档
תͷʱҢ˸ղң˵ֻɫصĳҡҡͷʾҲҪȥ
ܹԵĸоɭӳ߿˹ҾԲֱһָоһǿĞųһâڱĸо
˶ס˺ӽǿʯ̫١
Ҳ֪˶ãоһǰֱųĸоŽʧ
ǸѲӵѾˡ
ʱҢ˲Сĳʯͷ̽ͷȥջʱ򣬲ظĳһ˵ˡ
Ң˵ҺѦСߵ嶼ʯͷ˵ϣŷѾһ亹
Ңˣ񾿾жѦСʵ
˵жȴҲ߼ΪٸߣҲֻǸ˶ѣ׾ٵѹǣԾǵԣԶԶĶŵĺãһǵǣ·һҢ˵
ЪϢƬ̣ǻһҢ˱˰֣ʾǸߡ
ǵķڹŹصұߣźʯܲĵ·ǶУһ·߳ȥ˺ԶҢٴδһСɽ֮ǰʮ׿ĵطͳһȺ»ҰͷʬһĳŹŹصķȥЩ»ҰУÿ˶һ·ųһһҲͷ
ȷе˵Ӧó֮ΪΪǶ֮ĻǣҲȫ֮ΪΪֻн˹Ź֮󣬲Ĺ
ϣÿ춼ȥÿÿ룬뿪磬ԣŹصſԶ
ⳤġ࣬ÿһξ룬һűӣڿЩǳŹŹصķߡ
ӴʲôУܻЩĲĵˣ̤ŹأΪٻûܹЩĻǣҪ¶ĻͻֱӭЩݺݵһӣƤѪɽ
Ң˴ſɽϣĿⳤԭΪطĻ֮࣬ȥӦúףڿеô򵥡
ǰʮԶĵطվһߴ׶ɷʱʱĻӶеıӣЩǣǱһӶʱһը죬žǹ˵ģǴϣˬ϶ζ
Ң˽ô졣
ҢֻǷԸſڵϣȴᣬܻлȥġ
ҲֻҢ˵İţſһĵš
ԼĪаСʱ֮󣬵һӣŴͷ󺰴žʹǶ֮˳ɽ񱼶ȥ
ԼУǶǴͷĻ޺˵ԼҪٷƣкܶǮûл
ǰӦǸٵġ
һܣʱһͷӦ˹еıһ裬ʱһը죬ӳ˹ȥ
ӵĹҢһ֣˵ߣ
ʱңͿˡ
ȻɽǳĶ֮п񱼶ȥ
һܣһ߳ȥıѾӾ˹˵ϣһ仰Ҳû˵ֻǲͣĻеıӺĳϳһѪ۾ʹϸ˳ֱشסķɱİ
ǰô⣬һߵŹضһһģү˭ܹƽǰҪ±˵ҪΪ
ӵĹһ˼ʮףһӾ˶֮УԽ·˳ؿڣѧЩһ㣬ŴŹŹصķУڴʱǴİӣ˦˶֮С


270 ʮ
ӱңѪ߰ߣʵˡ
һ֮УͻȻоһǿϢֶʱһͻȻһƬհףӲľ͸Ŵ󲿶Ӽǰȥ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ֮ҲĳϢţҵʶ𽥵Ĳ
ҵʶҪȫɥʧʱһֻͻȻҵĺϣһɱϢ˲ȫҵʶܿࡣ
˵ҲͷǰߣסһߵŹصʱǧҪȥЩɻǸǵ۾ӣһϳǾˡ
Ң˵Ң˲ûſ˵һֱĵҲһʮֶָΣܣȻϴҲмأвûȸ߼
Ң˵Ļ֮ҺѦС߶΢΢תͷһۣĬļŶǰߡ
вʱǾѾŹŹغܽˡ
ʮվڹŹصĹؿڣŶеɨӣһܹҴĪѹȸУοʮվǰַĵ׵ĿֻŸвԶ
ƵϢֱ˱ˣ͵˿ҪߵŹصĴǰʱ򣬵վǰһˣͻȻͱһֱֻķ˳ȥǸ߶ûкһȴֱֱֻһڵľ׽ܹͷﴫѰ졣
֮ǰҢ˸˵عŹصʮ˴һޱ׶񣬻棬ǰǴ֮ˣصĻ͹˹ŹأֱӾͱʮ˴̻ˡ
ҵǰһǾȻ޴棬ĳˣҵѹȸкͿ־޷ȶӶЩϵԲԼ̻Σһ̣ҵĽŲͣڲסĴŰӡ
ʱҵĺٴαᴥһ£ҺָܿǣҢˣڴߴҿǰߡ
Ҳţٴ˽Ųн·ߴ󲿶ӳŹŹضȥ
ϵлǱعŹصʮ˴Ӷ֮˳һɵŵĸҺֻŵͷǰߡ
ҶȥվߵѦСߣҲǸһֻš
⻹ûнŹأʣȥ֮󣬻֪ᷢʲô顣
ڶЩˣ֪һȥգͲѦС߸ˡ
ǻǱȽ˵ģΪ֪䣬Ѿߵ˹ŹصſڣԽǺĳǽһƬĵ档
˳ǽ֮ǹѹʱһɨգеһʯͷ˵ء
ˣ˶ûŴ󲿶ǰߣԵЩڲͣĻеıӣŴ󲿶ӳӵķȥ
Ǵ˹Ź֮󣬱һƬ̹;Ǵ˵еĻȪ·˹Ź֮Ҫһ·ܶĹؿȪ·ֻǶЩؿں·̵ܳơ
ȫ޾ĺڰȪ·ߣȴɫޱĻֻǴ˵еı˰
ֱ˰ֻһɫǱǻһĺ죬˵УֻֻҶ۵üˡ
·ԣȫֻı˰Ѫ̳ɵĵ̺
˰ҪѰҵĶҪѰҵֻ˰Ҫ·Եı˰Ҫϣκ£ԹǲǿСȻָǵ鵤ҩ
ǸŴ󲿶Ȫ·УҲ֪˶ãֹ˺ü¥ƵĹؿͻȻ䣬Ҳ䳯Զһۣһʮֵ飬ǾڻȪ·࣬˰쵽ĿɼĵطԼгһЩ඼һЩŴĽкܶࡣ
һЩҲЩƣȪ·ѵס˲ɣ
뵽ʱһͻȻԺҢ˵˵Ȫ·ֻͨڤ֮ص·ڤ֮ػкܳһξ룬Ȫ·кܶ»ҰЩδˣǼϲ죬ҲͶ̥ܵ䣬ֻڻȪ·Ʈȴٵ֮󣬲ܵ䱨޷䡣
ϣȪ·ϵЩס˵ģȷ˵ˣһȺȴֻתĹ»Ұ
Ҳ֪ǰ˶ãоǹŹѾԶԶѾ˲һĹ⾰Ҳ֪ʱܹϣֵǣԴӽطҾȻһͶĸоûС


271 ǹ
Ŵ󲿶Ӽǰߣţ֮ǰҿһƬǸһЩ
ʱҢٴִ֪ܵͨҺѦСߵС׼ûУһҪ󲿶ӵȥȥԶǸӣȥѰҵһˡ
Ң˵ҺѦСߵһ㶣ҪͷȥҢˣָ˵ҪͷǰߣһƶܵĻǾһܣǧҪκͣ١
˵仰֮Ң˱㲻ﻹֹ·ԵصܣȴҲ֪ҢǵƤӵӳȥ
ܹѾʵףӳȥû򵥡
˼Ǽ䣬ͻȻоһųĲһЩǶʱһɧңһӾʧˣЩ»ҰʱʼܱӶȥ
ҺѦСͣ˽Ųͷȥ׵Ƿʲô飬ʱҢͻȻһ¾ʹ˳ȥתͷкǵܣ
ʱܣʱ
ҺѦС߼ҢˣҲ󣬳ǰһԱ˰˹ȥ
һһһ߻ͷǸղվһƬط˵ʮɢӣֱһ㡣
һŪЩش󲿶ӵЩæңϵĻеıӣЩӵĹϴȥһһ޴ţͷ׷˹
϶ҢŪģҲ֪õʲôֶΣЩһӾɧ
ǻˮ㣬һɧңҢ˾ʹƬķȥҢ˵һׯ
ǲɶ˿ҪǸţͷ׷󣬲ϵĻűӳߴ
뻹ЩԶıӲûǵϣǱӴĺʮأζ϶ǲܵģһӼǵǱǸӾһܡ
ܿ죬һ˾ܵǸׯߵĽˣŷ֣һӣֱһУֵʮֿ㣬صˣоûʲôֻˣʮֹŹ֣дʱװ磬ʮˣǵĵƺһҲ֣ԹԵæԼ飬һжԵþ
ЩӦþδͻȻ֮ˣȴֻת
ҢƺطʮϤһӣʹư˹յһͬҺѦС߾δ۵ҢǽǽڣͻȻŻָֽ΢΢һΣ㽫Żֽ׷˳ȥ
Żֽһأʱͻ˵ӰҺѦСһ˷ֱҢˣӰûǵ֮󣬾һ·ǰ񱼶ȥ
Ƭ֮Ǹ޴ţͷʹߵСͬһζ׷Ӱȥˡ
һУҺѦСߴûмʱֶҢ˼֣ĹʮȫЩ鶼ƺˡ
ţͷĽŲԶ֮ҺѦС߲ųĳһ
Ң棬ţͷķһۣȷԶ֮󣬲кǴǺͬ˳
ǸŴ󲿶ӿֱӵģӱ߾ͿԿǱ˰һ󲿶ӵʱƾͲôˣκű߱ȻҲرأĿ֮£ôȥ͵Ǳ˰Ǹ
ţҢ˴Ȫ·ϵĹǣӦĿġ
Ң˴ǳС֮ͬһ仰Ҳû˵֮ư˹գһСͬһԺǰһš
ҺѦСߴ۵СۣɵöЩƣȪ·ϵĹѲҢ˻ˣ
ƵʱžʹˣһʮҵˣһɫĵۣŵһɲǼ䣬һ£ЩԾ˵Ңʦ֣ô
˵ǽȥ㡭
˵УҢ˱ԺǸĵҿһۣŽŸϣ˹
ҢҲСԺ֮һʯʯӣ
ǸĵǣһɵʵҢʦ֣ôĪҲ
ûУƶĺúõģȪ·ǰһҪ飬˳㡣Ңɫ
ĵʿǿһۣٴʵλǡ


272 éɽڵ
ĵʿҲʮͷȥʱӣǰѦСͦ񣬲ڵѦСҵĿѾʱˣһ
ᵹǱҢ˳֮Ϊʦܣǿ϶ǵĳǵʱҪҽܣҢȴСܲʶƶҪ˵ǵĳ϶ʶˡ
˵ţҢ˿ңܵСӽӣéɽһģʶ
һҢܣʿʱɴ۾ң˵ͷ˵ֲüĿ֮Щ죬ԭֵӣҵĺˣһ治ͬ죬ССͣ͸ҴȪ·ȴǲСġ
һλ˿ңﻹ̵ģ˵ֵطҲⲻûа취ôҪ֪ط˿£ҿ϶Ҫؿһ¡
һȡղźƺүүֳҲʮ꣬Ҵϼ꣬ôƺҼүΪֳأ
飬ҢָѦСߵһѦСѦҩ̵ˣϲѣǽǿһ˵ǻȮӣ֮
ҺѦС߶һϲմϲٹ⡣
Ң˸Ǽ򵥵Ľһǰˣ˵ʦܣǰŽˣͬΪéɽµӣֻʦڶʮǰа˲ҲδȪ·ϵȴپˣ׼Ͷ̥ת֮ˡ
ʱҲ׹ֲ˳ƺүүΪֳҪţҲʮˣøҼү¡
ҲǹΪˣȪ·ϴ˶ʮ꣬ôЩôģ
Ң˸˺ѵĿյҺѦСߺԺţط󣬵ǿʮֱ£ԺﻹЩݲݣŸҲûʲôԺӵһ䷿ӣرϢĵط
ֻۣջĿ⣬ܸоطЩŹ֣еĶǼٵһ㣬ЩݲݿҲ̫ʵЩϵģûһ˿
ʱ˱ʵҢʦ֣һʦǧգһͻزȥˣôҴȪ·
Ң˵˵֮£ҵСһСаʧԭʶҪһ˰ָƶԾӣˡ
һ⻰һ㶣ΪԾ˵ʦ֡Ҫ͵Ǳ˰ɲ飬Ҳ˵һ·裬ǵϣҲһܹȡǱ˰˵Ǳ˰ԩػţһᱻԩƣǱУ֮ˡ
һ£ֵЩԩҲͰˣϻвѲߣǱǸˣҲʦҲòһ䣬ΪһСƴûǻȥС˰ɡ
Ңתͷһֵۣ˵ˣпֶĵʦסȪ·ϼʮ꣬ҲǸˣƶ㣬ƨģûʲôС·ͨǷرȽϱĵطһǱ˰֣Ǻüʱǡ
εҡҡͷ˵ס֮е˶֪Ǳ˰Ǹĸõأһõ˱˰ģȪ·ٴʮ꣬ӵУΪһޣֻתҲܴŽļ䣬±ֿԼУ˭ûǸӵȥ͵ǶΪ̫ˣҵ˵ȥҪôĶֱ˺УҪôͱ׽סֱӴĻɢûһܹɹ͵ñ˰ģʦ֣㻹Ҫؿһ²ǡ
һеĿҢˣΪܹĿڣҢȴҡҡͷ˵Ѿ˿϶Ҫȥģ˻УǱéɽڵˣµĹﲻɣ
һΣʵҢûа취ҲͲٶ˵ˡ
һʼʱ򣬾֪ڤ֣֮ȫûϵն񣬱Ϊ˹Źأ˰Ϳ׾ٵĵ֣ԭҪôһĥѡ
ڸؿǵӦˣѦСҺܺõĸǣҲܺҢ˴ҲҲΪҵðôգ˼Ƭ֮Ҷ˵ҪɣԼȥ͵˰ҡ


273 
˻һڣ˵ĿⶼңѦСȱСţˣҪȥһȥôΣյĵطһȥǹȥ𣿡
Ͳʲô¶ִҪϵСָʶģҲûϵôأ֪ôգҲǸһһһ˵ԼȥǱȽϺһЩΪҵƽ׵Ĵһ𡣡
֣ص˵
֣ȻƶȪ·һж˴㣬˭жǴԷģȻƶǴˣһǰȵͳȥҢЩõ˵
Ң˷˻ҲҶԣȴڰƽϣʵӦЩѡ
ҢһȪ·ϵ˵Ȫ·ӻкܳһξ룬ڻȪ·߻кܶסһĴӣסȫǰδ֮ˣȴʱһֻתĴӣסĴͨˣҲвǰߵģЩߵΪ඼ǲβ룬סӵУмһߣΪߵһ˵Ȫ·ϣ˵ΪǶˮ׼ӺܽĵطҲһ壬ǸطҲסһȺǰߵˣһ˵ΪߣǰаһܶĳϣֽؽǸʮֺĽɫֵҲвٰڣѹȪ·ĹвٹЩ׽ȥֱɣС
ڻȪ·ϵĹ֮סŵˣ壬ҲνĹֻûеͶ̥תʱ֮ǿԻɣԴӵеģؽǰаԵʮߣȻˣǰΪڣɿɻȪ·ϵĹУɹޣȵٴֻصʱ򣬾ͿԴŽļȥȵһͣඥ临գЩǸɮתһзţǸɮǰΪʹ󹦵£Ща̵ߣֻͨЩаķż
ڤ֮أһǿʳ磬ߵһǿġ
ؽʱҲһЩɧס壬˴ŴΪļǿǼΣʵڿȥʱǻԸȪ·ϵȣһֱڼз档
һҲǺܲ׵ġ
ǰߵĹǱɵˣΪתƵ֮˵ϡ
˸˵ô࣬ҪǣһǱ˰Ҳıؽһ£˰̫ˣֻҪϣһǿϢɢ߶ܸо˰ϢǱˣܿΪʸ֮ģᣬҲһòؿǵ⡣
ҵ񰡣ǵֱ˰ҲǰףһλǧգҺڵĳӶˡ
ǼҪȥҲˣŹʮػǺڰɭеĺڰڤҲǳ׸ˣǱֱǰĽࡣ
˵ҺѦС߶һ飬ҢҲĸ˵һؽӦøʱ䵽Ȫ·ϵģƲ⼸ʮҲΪˡ
˿Цһ˵զ˵ʮҲǰˣתʱҲˣ໹ʮɡؽӦҪֻˣҪˣȪ·Ͼͻһ̫ƽˡ
ʮҲţȪ·£¿ܾ߾ߣһƶȥ͵˰ܲܶ͵һֱֻӸ˰ɣֻֿ֮ԻéɽˡҢƵ˵
ҡͷȻܾʮ궼ˣҲʮ꣬ʦ־ͲΪҲˣһ˰Ū˵Ūһˣ˵ҪȥҵҲϣϣܹת⡣
˵䣬ԺͻȻһصĽŲʱ˵ľɫ䣬кǸϽݡ
Ҳп˹æ˽ȥһ
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˴Լʮӵӣ˱ţɫܲÿҢ˸æʵղʲôˣ
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274 ɭ
û뵽ڴҵӣǸû뵽ǣ˻˵֮ڣɳڹ֮ϼŲ飬ѰȪ·ϵˣһ׽סؽϳͲ˭ҰӲ䣬봳Ȫ·֮ͬ
ԭҢ뿪Ȫ·ϵĴ󲿶ӵʱ򣬶һЩǵɧң˺óʱƽϢǵЩʢŭһҪҳ֮ˣڹ֮овεЩΪܹϻͳѰһˡ
Ȫ·ϵĹҲһС˴ʱ䳤ˣȻ˹ϵû뵽
˱ǣ֮ڣҲɳ߶ηͷȥˣȥҲ١
Ң˵ͷѣ˵Ҳֻˡ
㣬ֱӱСŶҳǴҲܹԺ洫һĽŲ϶ڸطѰǡ
¶ִˣ˴˹Źأˣת׽ס϶ûкùӳԡ
һʱ䣬Ǽ˾ʹ֮ǰȥϵ顣
ݻȪ·ϵס˵֮ǰһϣ͵ϵı˰ţһɹˣָֻһǱ˰ĺˮʱһڣ˺ܶĶһѾסĸ첲ҿǸǸ൱ߣ˴ֶѳһѲߵȲѲ۷˻ǸھסڹǺܺõĹѣǳȥϣǴ·Ӧû⣬Ҵ˻֪һͨϵС·ֱܹƵϡ
һҲɵһæС·ʲôطʮ̹Ȼ͸˵ˣ˵ĶͷһֱߣһƬɭֵĵطǸطһƬߣҲûκιƣһƬڣɭкܶڤޣ쳣ͣ꣬ҲһһڣԽɭ֣ǰһξ룬ԼʱҵĹ⾰ɵϣһͦĺںӣں϶ïܵı˰Ǳ˰ͱ˰ģ˰ҲѪһĺɫиص㣬ǾǻҪͨı˰ԴһЩپǣǱ˰Ļлһָ׸ǴСιʵֱ˰ʮ򻨴ܹһѾʵףߵﻹҪϸϸѰһһҪȷֵĶȷʵǱ˰ܻҪȻðһ˺塣
˻Ҿ䶼ӶͷߣһƬɭ֣Խȥʱӡ
Ҽǵ
ȴҲ֪ΪΣԴȪ·֮һֱûмкУҲֲܹˣǸ˵ڻȪ·ֻܶ죬ǱĻȥʱȻʮֽȣ˵ȥˡ
һ뵽һƣУҵÿ֡
аţȴװû¶һģʲôʱ򽨳ɵģȪ·ϵжĹ塣
˶ҵ֪޲ԣ޲ǸʮֺͰ׵ˣһûӡ
ңƬطԶ֮ǰѾˣڤ֮ص죬һжǼٵģӻѣΪ˴ĵʱ⣬ΪҲòųԷֻȴֻ֮հˡ
ÿ춼ߣȻÿ춼󲿷ֵĳסҲǼˡ
Ѱգ˱˵շͷһЩʱֱӴӴｫǼѽйȥκϡ
󣬴ұûʲô飬ȫ˵طȡԼ״̬ӦԸͻ
Ҳһܿ۾ڤ֮ʣ͵͵߳ӣǬ˼үүҵĻֽԺﲼ
ҪõһС͵󷨣ȻҲǡϴϼصС
󷨺ܼ򵥣ԺӵĴ˴λάַĻֽ֮ʱԺͻΪһСԻһ߳ͻʧڷ֮УʮСʱ֮Ҳ·ģΪٸߣҪôҲҪһСʱĹ⾰
֮뽫һȥϣܲ͵Ǳ˰˵ˣҲܹ֪ѶˣȥǱ˰ûʲôˡ


275 ʶ
˾Ҫýȡᣬܿѣһһ˵
Ң˽ҴȪ·Ѿ御ˣѦСҲӣܿѣǰǵɽ𺣣һ˴죬һǹˣҲԹñˡ
ú֮ԺһŰĴҴǬһŰֽҧָдлλһ·鵽ˣȥϣڴ˵Ⱥգδأȥ
дֱ֮ӽֽſϣһԺš
Ȫ·£ĴڳһƬطһڣܹЩ˿ģҲ֪Դʲôطɢġ
˵Щڤ֮ص죬һȫǼٵģ˼ĶֻϵһοˣЩȴֻصĹо˼䡣
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˵ԴȪ·ҲûгԺ˯һоûУҲ֪һʲô״Ȫ·֮ϡ
סլӣСͬһ·ǰУһ̽ͷͿڴ·֮վżϼ̲·ˡ
ҿһЩǸӣиָֻҪˣһǹϾͻ˸⣬Ǳˣ˸С
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С۷˻Сͬư˹գתԺˣкüζײǹϡ
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㻨һͷҲƳ˴ӣ˴ӵĶͷǰмˣ͸ȥȺ֮УҪȥķҲӶͷģȺ֮УӦñȽϰȫһЩ
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аԴģҪҪתܣأ
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϶еģֻҪһȥֱӽҢ˺ѦС߸©ˣʱ˿϶Ҳܵǣҵɾʹˡ
ҵЩ΢΢Ѿ˳صĲ˹ҵֱӾˣɵɵվһҶֱǬУսеķʬߣҪȻһ͸ƴˡ
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ŷӦͬʱһŭ𣬻еıӳǸŮ˴˹ȥŮ˱ǳ۾һ㣬׾һǸӣſ첽ǰ壬һ䣬ʧ˺ͬڡ
һܼˣҲ˲ˣŭȫȥ׷ǸŮˡ
ͻȻıЩ֪룬һʱ仹׵׷ʲô׹ʱѾ׷ǸŮȥˡ
ųһ亹ʱŷӦȾͳŴߵķ񱼶ȥͲһУһ󣬲Ů˾Ǹʲôأ
ѲҲǸһ㣬ܵڤ֮صĻˣǸŮ˵ıӰͺҲ


276 ˮç
Ҳܲô࣬һһ·Ŵ߿񱼣˿ͣоһܱǽŲմأǷһ㡣
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һұһܣҲ֪˶ãֱܵҲܲʱ򣬷ԼѾһƬߵڡ
ڲԶһڽ籮ʯͷ֡ɭ֣
طڰɭЩƣֲﶼǺڰ׵ģվɭֵĽ籮ǰĴϢ˼ڻЩ£ͲһС
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ҢǻѾԼһܳˣǱ÷סˣһʱ϶ǷˣӦҲҳôڴϼ̲飬ֶ࣬ױ©һҲմ˺ôһһĻˣһһŮġ
治Ů˵ʲôǺֶΣֱӸҸ֣Ҫŵˡ
ϢƬ̣ƽһ飬ұ߽ɭ֮УСǰš
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뷨ʱǰͻȻһˮӣǺˮ֮ͻȻཹཡðһݣűһȻ︡ˮ档
һ龰æס˽ŲǺˮ֮ǸһľһĶűֻɫ۾ûʣʱǶˮ棬ҿǰⶫȫòʱ򣬶ʱŵĵһ˵ͷܡ
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ʱҿǰһźɫĴ붼û룬ֱһȥ˫ֿٵĵڣգۼϣ
ʱͷѾ׷Ȼһ¾ײ֮ϣҸоھҵҡΣҽһ򣬲͵ȥ
ɫҶĵˣһץסһɣסΡ
ͷȥǹ޵ʱҲ̧ͷңɫʿһ˿ɣ޶˵ľ;ÿֲ
ţǹҲôתȦζž޴Դٴײ˹ÿײһ£һҡض֮ôѾЩбˣײ£϶Ҫײ˲ɡ
׻˵ĺãҪùˮ죬ƨҲҽźҲ֪֮ʱͻȻоߴһ˿˿죬ͷȥʱŵĻˡ
ҿҵ֪ʲôʱһɫľ˿ӣһ˫ɫֱĶңҸҪǰɫľһĹһӲסҵӣ˺üȦҾҵǰɫľȴƵԽԽоͷҪˣֻвϵĴ߶еɢȫǿֵܹȥ
ȻͷһĹڲͣײôײ֮ôҲ֧ţȻȥɫľһͬ˵ϡ
ǹ޵֮󣬺ܿͳ߱˹ƺܵգҵİɫͻȻͷһЩ߰Դͷһޡ


277 򶷵
ͷһвͷǾûзңǽҲβͼϣ߸˶ԴʼͷӺˮľ޶š
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ͷ޶һž˴ͷһĹ޷ĽſѪ죬Ųľ˹ǾҲʾԴһһһڶҺþǹ޵һֻ۾ϣһڣɢһȳϢǹ޵һֻ۾Ϲˣǹޱĸӿ꣬ٴγž˹
һΣǹޱֵļΪǿһſھҧǾϣǾʹ޴͵Ĵһµ棬һͷǣӾͷŲԶһôݺݵײ˹ȥ
һײһʵһʱ򣬻Ķۣ졣
Һܿӣһ±ˤĵ۵Ĺͷתͳӵײײȥ
ͷ˴϶Ҫܵģҿû￴ǵ֡
һܽҸ̻ˡ
һܳȥ˼ʮԶͷȥ޵ʱ򣬲ɵһ壬ҲϣﾹȻˣȫ߿ٵ׷˹
õģѵҾôóԣҪ׽סҲô
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ҲϣŮˣֲҲͰˣȻһɭҲǸдֶεˡ
ҿΧǸŮ˴ͷжʮǸŮһɫĶ̽Ⱥͷ˴һһԶʮߴܶͷˣ˿·磬еĽ趯ӯƮݣһֻ֮䣬䣬˶ͷ߸߷ڵأʬ
ֶҲ
˿̵ң󻹱׷ᣬǿͣ½ŲģֱӳЩͷ֮г˹ȥ
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ͭǮĴ߶֮£ɢ˼ʮöͭǮǰͷ˴˹ȥ
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һۣڿŮ˵ݣʱҸ޵ˣ治һĺÿƯ֮⣬һ޵ʣؿڴĹĵģ֮ã˿̣ʲôͯվ飬ǰλǡ
Ůֻһۣһӽнһͷ˵ϣһƮ⼸ʮͷ֮С
ҿһǸŮ֮һʱЩֱǰһɱϮҲŷӦһͷ˾˴󵶣ͳҵԴ£һյĶ˹ȥֱӴͷ˵Ҹ˹ȥٴζ·񱼣ѱĻܵǸŮˡ


278 ˰׻
˵ѵܼȣҲ÷ֵط棬컯յģʮү۸һŮˣҿ϶ߣӾȥˡ
ڻȪ·ϵɭ֣ͨڤ֮صڣܹԲ򵥡
ңŮ˵ֶһͱ̫࣬ҲչҾѾӷˣйȥƲӵ飬Ů˸ҷ׷ǹʣȻǺÿ·ɲǿŮͰβȵˡ
أһҪò˵ֵŮ־һҪǰ棬˵ȺͷˣŪþ͹ˡ
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һܣž׷ͷˣһĸͷܴһ㲻ѷɫںڰɭ֮еЩڰڤˣڤ֮أĻι״ģҲ֪ǲ޴Ϊ˷˴ڤ֮أôһ˳ڣ
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ղſŮƾһɫĶ̽׾ٵľնɱЩͷˣΪЩͷҲûж£һɵѣԵͽͭǮ˳ͳǰǸͷ˿˹ȥ
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ҾͲСͷˣžͽз˳
еͭǮͷһף˱ͭǮͭǮâһͿھĴ߶֮£ʱǰǸͷ˼˹ȥͷеĴ󵶣ҵͭǮ˹ȥΪƾһһ½еͭǮɣ벻ͭǮǿյǣзֽġ
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ͷ˷ɳȥͬʱҵĽŲȴûƬ̵ͣЪɿٵĳͷ˿񱼣ڱܵ;Уٴα任־ɢڸͭǮ۳ͭǮһѳУţͷ˵Ӹոһأ⽣ʹͷ˵ؿڣһ¾͸һ͸ͷ˵һ˫Ŀۿңһͷɥ
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һͷһתͷܣһһͭǮֽéɽ˳աϴϵķζ˼éɽ壬ոձɱǸͷһӾԭ˿̸ֳһأָҲޱȷ˻һͳǸұͷ˹ȥ
Ǹͷ˻ûзӦһӾͱʬͷ˵˵ϣʬͷſھͳһͷ˵Ĳҧ˹ȥһھƤĳһ顣
Ŵ˿̴磬ҿ첽ͭǮߵǱʬͷѹµͷˣͷϾͲһ˿̣׷ҵͷ˾ͱҸˡ
̧ͷǷŮ˿һۣ룬ǾͰһѰɣ㳤ĺÿһһķݶϣζéɽ壬Ǿʬͷ˻ѣŸŮƴɱͷȺԾȥ
ֻǲʬͷͷ˵Ⱥ֮УŮͻȻһɨ˳ȥһɾƽض𣬽ǰļͷɨ˳ȥţҿŮͻȻһŹֵ־ݺĽһ˰׻ޡ
ҾͿŮ˵ͻȻɢܶɫı˰ܵͷƮɢȥǱ˰ʢѪܵͷƮɢȥЩͷ˶ŮƮɢı˰ƺôη壬ɳ˹ȥ


279 Ͷͱ
һЩѪһı˰ʱܵ˾޴ΣлȻ
ϣŮƮɢı˰һЩͷ˵ӣЩͷ˵϶ʱȼһյž죬գۼĹ򣬱дͷ˱ŮƮɢı˰յĸɸɾһѷɻҡ
Ůͷų˰ʱɫĻƮʮֵĺÿټŮ˱ʮƯľһ羰
ԽǺÿĶԽжҲӵĿ£ɫĶߣʰ쵵ĢⶼҪĶ
һŮ˷ųУŵһһС椣ôݡ
Ů˷ųһ֮󣬴ͷ˶ˣʣЩͷʮǿηļŮ˳˹ȥ
ҲȥǸŮˣֻʬͷ˹ȥҵͷߣɭǰУҲûҴеĿģǾ͵һñ˰ǿɰȻָʶ
˷ͷߣܿŮԽԽԶˣҸоѾ御زѾʮֲˡ
룬һһʬͷʬȥһһɡ
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ɭвЩ͵ҰޣкָܶСι״Щûеġ
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Ҳֻ룬ԼܻܲųȥǸ⣬˵Сȥˡ
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˹ȥƬݴԣ淢һڣܹݵһȥеһϲһ굽ʯͷ£½ЩݴԵסԼ
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ʱĬ𣬹Үջϣ·鶼ܱһΣһųȥ֮һո㡣
ڰ߶ʱȻ䣬һٵĽŲ˹һ
үģҰݷһãôͱ˸ˣ
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ϾһүǣѪյͣһͶͱǵһΣʱЩǷˡ
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ΪĲʲôޣҲͷˣĿţͷһ˫ĴɨţȪ·ϵĲ࣬ţͷҲֱ治ĸĸڹλ
ԭλţͷ׷Ҳ֪һ椵˦ͨһ㻹Եġ
ҶȥʱƺоʲôҺʹ椲ĵطһۡ
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ͬʱҲܹоǴ椵Ҳһ£ϵļĽģеǰɫĶ̽Ҳ΢΢ľһʱҪֵӡ
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͵ǲڻ߰׵ʱͻȻһƺӲԶ
ʱͣס˽ŲԴȥ
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ҺҸղŻǣéɽ弤һͷ˵ʬ巢ʬ䣬ҪͻȻðңж˿ľҺһˡ
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˵仰֮ŮһΣʹһ˳վǰɫĶ̽ĳš
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281 Եһ
ŮתΪмĴһۣ䳰ȷ˵һͣҲ˼˵ңղǸû㣬һԲߣղ˭㿴ģһҲŶԣûɱ㣬ѾܸˣվʲôϽǰʧҪȻһ͸ıˣͽɱˣ
ȥƽһװͰ͵ŮˣиǷ޷޲ƽŮ˵˵Ů˺òĶҲ˵ղЩͷ˴ʱҲһ𣿡
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Ů˵ˣ΢΢һƺʲôܿתͷ첽ǰȥ
Һܿ׷ȥЦʵŮܹȪ·ϵɭҲԵһ֪մȳȥ֮󣬽ϼ棬Ҳи˵ǲ
ŮǰߣŲͣһһ˵΢ĩı£ܹȪ·Ѿ쿪ˣųȥôôܿҪΪˣҸҵƺҲûôҪɣ
ҲգŮ˵ܰǹģܲˬ˵ʵɭյĵطƾ£Щ磬߲ȥ֮ŮһߣǵΪĳףʮֺÿǾΪҸ߳˺ܶ࣬һ·ܹ֮һǰУҲиӦģȻ϶Ӧҡ
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Ů˵ͻȻһЦˣܿͻָɫͷĿһۣ˵ҽг죬Ҫű߾͸Űɣҿɾ㣬·ʲôգҿɹ˲㣬ԼŰɡ
Ӧһжʱһϲ¿ɺˣһĸ֣һҾͲõһ·֮ϱʲôҰ޸ˡ
Ȼ˵ȣʲôգȴǰĿȥ
һǰһ󣬳ϵķ첽УʮãܱһȥǸطǿࡣ


282 ͷ˵ϳ
һ·֮ϣҺǽŮһֱһûһ˵ţʱ򣬶˵ͣشҲܼ򵥣඼һһֵģҪôšҪôپһҲ˵
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⶯һգ۾ȥˣʵѡ
ǽŲԽԽҵҲѧӣһֻ׸ߣſһһǰ
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˵ţ˦һӣһӾͲסҵĸ첲ұһᣬͱһңվߣûվȣһѽ˻һӭ
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ʱһЩȤζĿһǰĳ죬һѾһĨߺ죬ı۾ӱˣȻ䣬Ҿһֵ뷨һڣʵ̫ɰˡ
һסˣΪҵԺһ˵ʱҲߺģĪһĨˡ


283 ֮
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һʱЩ㱣ͻȻЩ飬գۼĹͷ˾ͽˣͳͷϿһۣҲˣ͸ҶһǸͷ˿һۡ
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һ·֮ϣ˺ܶΣյڣԼһЩǱڵΣҲܹҶܹȥ鷳
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һα˵ĿҲѾϰˣ÷ֻǵ˵Ϊʲô˶Ƶûи飬СҵŮһ㣬ǲᶮġ
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ˣֵʮӣٴ˽Ų϶ȥ
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طʮְЩ£ûиоʲô쳣ںӱïʢı˰һʱ䣬ЩˣͻȻ벻ηֱһ仨Ǵ˵еı˰ˡ
Ȼһͷȥҳʱ򣬷ҲͻȻʧˣҲ֪ȥղţһҵǰ
ˣҵ˰ɣҵⶫҾͿԲˡ
Ǵɭ߳ģٴηȥʱ򣬾˾飬ֻҪصҢǻϣǾͿ뿪ط
ҿʼ˼˸˵ı˰ӣ˵Ǳ˰ɫҪһı˰Ҫ࣬Ǳ˰ĻﴦһεĹʵԣӡ
ͻȻҾǾͼڱ˰֮ںӱǱ˰˵ʵǰҲûм˰ʲôӣۿȥоӱ߳ı˰һӣΣһֱ治һ仨رһЩֻܴǻзֱһЩر֮
һֱ˺ϣͻȻ䣬һصı˰ҡ


285 ˰ڤ
һתʱ򣬾ڲԶĺӱ߿һصı˰仨ɫƺȥı˰ҪôһǶҲı˰ԴһЩĻﴦԼпжҸо仨ӦþǴ˵еı˰
̤Ьٴȫѹһصı˰εľϲè첽Ƕı˰ȥҪǻﴦĹʵǲΰģǶı˰ʱȻ䣬ͻȻһֹŹֵ죬ˮ󿪵ཹཱུ죬תͷʱ򣬾Ϳˮ֪ʱȻðһݣдСˮʲôӡ
Ǳ˰ǰҲûϸ룬ܿعǶ˰ȥ
գۼĹҾ͵Ǳ˰ǰ棬ͷôһиǿϲѣǰ˰Ļȷʵһ״ĹʵæֹȥҪǱ˰𣬾ʱ⧲鷢ˣȻ䣬Ǳ˰ɳһɫĶҵž˹ǸٶȺܿ죬ûпǸʲôͷɵҵǰһʶһƫԴҪȥͻȻϮɱǣһûжȥǸɫĶȻûҵϣȴһҧҵĲϣһɾʹʱӵȫҲֵģǹ˵һ㣬ʶһ֣ҪȥץҧסҲӵǶǶܿһߡ
ҵصĵ˵ϣʱʧȥһ֪һͷȥʱ򣬷ָղϮҵľȻһɫĶߣⶾߵɫȻЩ˰һģһͨѪ죬һ˫֥С۾ֱĿңһڲϵӡ
ⶾ߲ڱ˰֮УЩ˰ںһҸûзֱҲ벻˰֮оȻֶҲûҰ
˵ʲôѾˣѾˣûκ֪ǰֱͦͦڱ˰֮С
ڴʱɫĶ߻ŹңٴιӣҪ
ͬʱԵı˰һһٻӰͻȻҵǰǸһ˴ĳ죬ովɫĶ߶ʱָıĿ꣬ųȥ
ұſһ³Сģ߾ѾȥˣϾŮΪҸ̫߳࣬Ҳ쳣ǿ󣬵ɫĶ߳ȥʱûֱһ˹ȥߵϳأأڵŤǣȻأȻִһ𣬺Լܹƴ
Ҫ˵ǳŮӣеĶ̽һֿ˹ȥֱӽͷ룬һ㽫Ƕ˦֮С
󣬳ųߵߣĿһۣεҡҡͷ˵ҾȲ㣬߽б˰ڤߣű˰ɵԹ˴˹棬ңʤһЩаԣֻ·һʱΪʲôأ
üͷһЩԹ֮лһ˿ӵɫ
ʱңͻȻһɾʹϯ۵Ҹ˵ͣľҪˣȪ·ϵϣ֪껹ܻܲڤ֮أȻƺҿǵˡ
ʱĺˮͻȻཹཱུһŻһˮ𣬴ͻȻĳһۼ׵ĹԼĺͯСżһռ˰ͷϻϡļëһܴĶӣȫɱһ˫Ұ׵͹ۿ޶˵˾а
һĳ˵˳죬һɫʱҲһоڤӹͯ
⻰ͬʱƮɳȥаڤӹͯ׷˹ȥ
ӿµǣ֮пʼϵķ˻һһڤӹͯϵĴһ˸һʱҲ嵽ж٣һƬϵĴ˳׷ųȥ
һڤӹͯͣƬ̣һ˫Ұ׵۾ֱĿң⶯һ±ӣ˼£ܵĪľţһԣ϶ŵ˱˰ڤߵĶԲҶҶ֣ܿ׷Ķ֮С
ϵڤӹͯһζһȳϢҼѵתͷųķȥʱȴ俴ԼһֱۣѾףҲʼˡ


286 
ղҧһڵǸɫı˰ڤߵĶʮڶѾȫӿҵֱۺףҳ˸õļҸоҵҲܹϸߵӣһۣǧֻʳԼѪһ㡣
ſ˻𺰽УǾɤҲɳһ죬ֻǷһ죬ʮֵĴ̶
ǧҶ˹òҵһñ˰ȴһֻ˰ڤ߸ˣֱߵܹᣬ֪֣Ҳһֱ䱸ţһ䣬ǽԼС˴˴
˵ܻ֮ǰĵεΣǷŵӰһ㣬طţ˿̣ҵҲԼݵԼ·˵һ̿ʼһжԺҵİ裬ȻǲЦүӣӡС־ǿȻȻһЦһƬһƬεĴԺ
󣬾ҵʶҲģˡ
ҾҪˣҪ׵뿪磬ҵ꣬ҲҪУ÷
һῴһϤ״ǰ߹Ȼȴҡ
ԼҪ۾һ̣һعⷵհĳһЩܹתͷȥųķһۣ˿̵ĳѾֻڤӹͯŰƾһɫ̽ڤӹ֮ͯ䣬ϵѪŽ
֪ǲҳ˻þƺЩڤӹͯƴɱʱ򣬻߿˼ۣǾ̫ԶҿǲǶҵжϧ
һ·飬빲ӣղΪҵԵʣ˿Ѿ뿪ҲᱻЩڤӹͯ׷ɱ
ȻİΣѾҪȥĵ⣬ΪҵҲֻɲ֮䡣
һĵľʹٴϮ˵һ죬ʶٴαģ͵ҴĿһ̣Ȼ䣬ˮٴηһ죬һֻֻа׹ǵֱһѾץסҵĽŲӣҳ˽ȥ
Ǳ˰ڤ߶ҲͰˣʬҲҪϽǹ»ҰѾûбһҪߵˡ
ȻһҶֹģΪѾȫɢ˿ɥʧһжƤ޷գһ¡
ֻǸоֻ׹ֱץסҵĽŲӣһһקš
ȻϾҪ뿪ˣһ뵽ԼҪϽ֮УǧɣһЩܲˣĶǻ̿֡
ӻһһĽ˺ˮ֮УҲ֪ͨ˽ɫһʲôоΪһϾҪȥˣҲǸоʲôر֮ΪڵĶѾҲܲʹֻޱ޾ʹѡ
ܿ죬ڵīˮһˮ͸ǹҵؿڣӵҵĲӴ
ץסҽŲӵĿݹֱ͵һӾͱϽ
ǰʱһƬڰ߾ǹཹཱུˮ
ҵһֱ³ȥ
۾ȥƵʱ򣬾ͿһΪֲ׾ͽҵţһſҪøɾף滹մһЩƤ⣬һ˫նۿֱĿң˫ҲҪ츯øɾֱۣһѾץסҵļſھͳҵ˹
үģҶҪˣҪǿȸһ׹Ǽؼ֪ͷǰŮ
ֱУҲҪһŮһɣ
ȻﲢҪ죬Ҫȡϵľ
˵ȫǹ»ҰЩǰʮ֮ˣһҲҪͶУܾǧ֮֮ſֻأҲһֹ»ҰԸǰļ䣬ԼģֻҪܹһǧĿ࣬ԴǰļͶ̥
һ˵ľлܺùһЩ
ұϵʱʸ֮ģһӾĹ»Ұȫ߷ӵ
Щ»Ұһݳª׶쳣Ҿһĵ㣬еĹ»Ұȫ߿ٵ
ȫҪ˺ƬĽࡣ
û뵽֮Уһһģܵ
Ǵ˵еȡ
ɣñĸһЩ˾һɢ
Ȼ͵ǰǸ»ҰյҵߵʱȻ䣬ϾɢһƬѪĹâӸյһƬ͸ԭڳĺˮǱѪȾһ㡣
ΪɫĹâϷģЩ֣ҺܿⲢɢģϵһɢĹâ


287 𾪵ħ
Ǹʬߡ
ûǷʬĩ˵ǸСֳģҵĴұ
ⱦܹӦԲʮ֮ڵа֮ܹһеа֮
ʬһֱҷǬ߽ڤ֮أһֱѹųκεϢϾǻȪ·طȫǹǲѹƵĻʬ߿϶˸ͣǵը˲ɡ
Ȼұһ»ҰϽ֮ʬ߲֪ģȻܿƵĴ
Ĺ»Ұ̫˰ɡ
үڷʬʲôֽţܹһĻá
ʬѾǿаıȫչ¶˳
ǸҪҾĹ»Ұź֣ȻѾõĲˣһǿųªֳһޱȾɫ
־ˣƺҪ뿪ңǱһεħסһ㣬ôѲˡ
Ȼ䣬Ƿʬĩ˵Сͷų˸޵ĺɫȻԼǬƮ˳Һǹ»Ұм䣬ɲǼ䣬ǹ»ҰӾˣſ˴죬ƺҪ˻𣬵ǺܿݾŤ̼ͻһź˷ʬ֮С
иĹ»Ұ߷ӵ
ʬһӾƮҵüĴ΢΢ţĩ˵ǸСͷųĺâӵĿ
Щ»Ұһҵ߸ҪϮңʱͱǷʬɢĺ֣һȫ˺ʬɵĸɸɾ
ԽԽĹ»Ұ߿ǿȴֻһ³ǾǱʬɣӶʣ
Ҳ֪ʲôԵʣͻȻһЩ̧ͷȥǷʬߵʱ򣬷ʬԭīˮһڵɫѾ˻ɫŴĹ»ҰӿǷʬֳ˸ǿ𾪵ħ
٣ʬ߾ɶ٣ֻҪʬ֮ڵķΧȫ˺˷ʬ֮С
ʬߺֵķΧڲͣ󣬴չףִչʮףڵķΧԲʮ֮ڣûһܹ£ֻҪһǷʬɢĺ⣬̼ɢ
ʬֲ̫ˣչֳҴ۾
ҼϾǴһչֳʵֲ
ֻΪʬܹãû뵽Ȫ·Եʵӵǿ
ģģұʬ۷
иǶүмӣϵһܹȪ·ˡ
һʱҲ֪жٹ»Ұʬɡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ٴ̧ͷȥǷʬߵʱ򣬷Ƿʬߴ˿ֱһɫӻҰɫӨ֮ɫ׵ѩų˴ĿĹâ
˿Ƿʬĩ˵СֳĹâѾһ޷ֱӵĵز
ֹƬ̣ǷʬٴαһɫӨ֮ɫֱǳɫǱպ˵顣
ٴγȥʱ򣬷Բʮ֮ڣѾҲһ»Ұ֪ǱʬɸɾˣǸӦʬչֳĿֲϢЩ»ҰҲҿ
Ȼ䣬ҸоǷʬ΢΢ԵĺˮҲһҵҲˮƾҵҡΡ
𶯸ӵǿңǷʬȻˮ棬һУˮˮʬ߳˳˸ߴ
Ϊĵĵطˮٵİ룬ֱӱĵ棬һ㣬ԽԽߣԽԽߣĺˮֱӳ߷˿
һжǰ棬ֱӾվӵĺӴ֮ϣΪĵܣʮ֮ڵˮ˸߿գܵˮȴûеƺһĪͿֲĞų⡣
ãȻĹˣһĻױһиˡ
ʬ߾ʲôȻˮŪһκˡ
Ҿǣϵ߶ʹѾ࣬ҵҲָһЩ֪Ѿܹ򵥵Ļһˡ
ѵүŴĻһ
Ѧλү˵үԹֻǧѵ⣬԰ٶ֣ʱֻһһ΢ٶֵɻеģǱѦҵλү˵֮Уʾͱĸǿ
϶ˣҲǰٶ֣һгǿ޸ڵ߶Ѿ˴롣
Ǹúúõĸүļͷ˼ѾˣɿԻ


288 
˿̵վںӴ֮ϣͷһƵľ޴ˮֱ˾޴ĺ֮վλãԲʮ֮ڶûһˮЩˮʬɢĞų⣬γһʮֹ
˿̵е߶ѪҺ˴룬ȻӻЩӲʹ϶ûʲôˣʬ߸Щˮ֪ʲôʱֽᵹȻСѾٴڴ˴Ҳûʲô壬˵һű˰ھһһûǳҪ顣
򵥵ĻһֽţЩĿʼӵİȥӻǺģӵȫ۰׹ǣûˮǺӴҲûУֻаı˰
ֽŲãѵȥлĪЩ֣̿ʬŪộǱȻģұҪ뿪УЩ׽סҾûˡ
˺ô۵ĺֱȥ˰һָԺ֮УǾƮϿյķʬߣⶫҵĴұҪǱ˰ˣʲôҲܶ
ⱦ˿ƮҵͷϣҸôȡֳһ鷳
̧ͷȥʱ򣬵Ƿʬߴ˿ֱһɫѪһʺ죬ͷųһˡ죬硣
ԭֻǷʬĩ˵С˸ѷʬ߶˳֮ɫ
ҴûмľҲ֪ʲô˼
ΣһҪ취ʬȡأȻժ˱˰뿪Ƿ֮صĺá
־ݡϴϼصķʼǷʬȡùͨصҵߡ
Ϳھ߶֮ʱҺܿ͸ʬȡϵȴǾĪʬȡùͨʱԵܹоʬ̺֮һɿҶϢ쳣ǿ󣬶ʱƾҴ˿̵ΪѾЩƲסʬˣһƴĴ߶ŵ˷תұҪʬȡأһЩ뿪С
Ӧò˶ãͻ˷⸽쳣
ڤڤ֮УһεĸӦ˷ʬߣʼĴӰ֮Ʈ߿
ʬԽҽоԽǾЩ޶˵ĿֻţⶫΪͬʱ˿̣ҾȻЩηⶫˣȴҲ˵嵽ʲôط⡣
ʱķʬ߾һպ飬죬ԽԽҲ첽ǰ˼һ֣ͽǷʬ߳С
ǵʬҵƴһʱҾ;ЩˣеķʬͻȻޱȣסʬ߾סһ꺮
ʵⲢҿ־ԴͷӿֲĻں棬Ƿʬ֮ͻȻӿһɾ޴ȵ˽ٵ澭ڵһ̣ҵĵҪѿһ㡣
⾿ôˣ
֮࣬뽫еķʬ˦䵽һԣⶫҵϣô˦Ѳˡ
ͬʱʬ߿ƵǾ޴ĺˮͻȻһ޴ĺʧȥ˞ųߵˮҲʼ˻
һΣҺ־һ֮Ŀ
о޴ĪϢͨʬӿҵڣ϶ðһźɫɷһ죬ҲкҵĿ籡һǱ˺ѿһ㣬ҾֵĿǷʬߣ֮ϵĺɫɢֱ˷ۺ죬ɷۺֱӨףȻ󣬾ûȻˣΪҵѾﵽһּޣ޷ľʹϳңϴˢҵ壬һƬհףһͷֱӻ˹ȥ
ٴʱ򣬷лǰѷʬߣʱķʬѾָԭģڵľһľ̿ĩ˵СҲ˸
ҵǴûзκα仯һ㣬һжǾһξ쳣µξ
ˮҲĲƽ羵ľʲôûзһ㡣
Ҳ֪һ˯˶ãпǺܳһʱ䣬ҲпһӣҾúߵĿԱȽϴһ˯ʱܳĻѾ˹
֮ңǷʬɤĪЩҸɿһȴӿ籡һںǿҲһЩ
Ҳ֪ЩЩʲôղǷʬ߶ЩʲôΨһ֪ǣұҪ뿪Ƿ֮ء


289 Ѱұĳ·
һֽţҴ忴ԼһۣҲûȱ첲ȣһжؼ߶Ѿȫˣûκ쳣֮еҲǹĹĵƺ֮ǰҪǿʢࡣ
ֻҪţʲôǿҾ߶ƾżҵһ˰Ͳ˰֮Уһεľ飬ֻ˰ڤߵĽѵһҳһۣûóȻȥֱȥժǶ˰ǽͭǮϰ˳˱ͭǮǼʮöͭǮɢǱ˰Χһɨ䣬ʲô˰ڤ߲УȻᱻնɺüء
һɨȥ˰ΧĲٱ˰նڵأֵҵǣûб˰ڤߵټ
жʱȻæջɢڸͭǮһͭǮУͳǱ˰˹ȥ
ڲ֪˰ĻǻܹСȻָʶֱӽ˰һЩɫס˸СװǬС
һУܾûʲôҪû꣬ϸƬ̣˵˰ܹΪпܰǰֻأһܹнļ䣬Ȼ˰Һβٶҵһ꣬˴ȥԴȺ·֮ûٸǰæž޴ѹȻѾϣҵһҲңһǸã
뵽ұϵı˰֮пٵѰ
˵ʵһܳĺӣӱȫǱ˰ֱһƬ
˰˰֮Уǧǧű˰вżôһñ˰Ҫҵ˰Ҳô׵顣
֮ǰܹҵ˰ȫǿҵһ꣬ô׵顣
Ѱұ˰ʱĿ̧ܼ֮ͷһͻȻߴӰٳ߶Ȼһ߲ˣѲߵЩ
һǣҾ֪²ղŷʬŪộЩѲߵûзȻһ˰ҵϾˣ˿̻ǱҪҪȻ˵һ˰סҵСҲɡ
£ұԼ˻֮Уèƾż䣬ʱ·Ͽ첽ȥ
ǰûͻȻͿ˼ڤӹͯʬ壬˵ڱ˰֮С
һЩʬ壬˴һĳ죬ʱ˱˰ڤߵĶЩڤӹͯΧ
ʱҲҺò˶٣ղһ֮Ҳججûע⵽ǱߵҲ֪ûе˱˰֪ûдЩڤӹͯѳȥ
ԽǰߣЩڤӹͯʬԽ࣬֫岻ȫƳʮѪȡ
ֶһȽϺҪô֣һ־ɱУЩڤӹͯȻе֮¡
ЩٶȺܿ죬Ѿ˳صĽŲ
ǰһǰ½½һֱЩڤӹͯʬ壬һֱɭֵķӶȥ
㿴ɭֵķ۷ˣȻϻȥȻҲǽ˰Ū֣·ŮˣܴϸоһΣյϢᣬΪһݽɫҪȻҲҹһϡ
ǴıȴаõֶҲǴû˵ģʲô·޷϶
ȻɭֵķܵģɭܵĻЩȻѭЩڤӹͯʬһֱ׷ɭ֣ǵٶȿ϶ܿ׷ҡ
УҲ׷ĽŲȥҪѰұĳ·ҪȻɡ
ҷǣҳ֪ɭôߣĵطҲϤҴײĻ֪ǵʲô鷳
ˣˣ
Ȼ˵
Һܿ͸ı·ߣֱһͨɭߵ·첽ȥ
ұһèֽŲãһֱ񱼶ȥһܳȥ߰·ѾԶˡ
ҵһɫʯͷ˺棬Ȼ͵͵ĳӵķȥ
ʱʮţͷٵĳɭֵķ˹ȥ
ϣǱѭЩڤӹͯķ׷ȥģʱֱǰܵĻ϶Щţͷ׷ˡ
һΣҲòΪҵĻǵʮޣզôأ
ǲҰ꣬ʮͻȻͣɭֻصķ


290 ڵһ
ЩţͷͻȻľٶҸоЩĪô׷׷žͣأ
ҲҶһֱǸоҵĴڣֻ۽ǵȥƲ
Щţͷ֮ͣƺʲôƬ֮ЩͻȻɢ˿󲿷ɳɭֵķ׷ȥȴĸţͷֱ첽
һǳ
ҵ񰡣ЩţͷǴһ׷ŷɢĴѰҡ
Уǿ϶ǲȥˣΪǾǴǸģǴΧĽ࣬ĸܣӱǻ׽ˡ
⻹Ǳߣղϲһ͹ˣţͷУǻǱҪ
߿ٱţͷһң޴룬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ƫƫʱͻȻִһ΢ĽŲҾһ亹һѽͭǮ͵һתָ˹ȥʵ˭
˭һϵ˹̧ͷһһʮͷһ಼ֱĳ߿
˲ʶɻ䣬ͷŲԶһۣ㿴ɫͻȻͱ˵СӣӦòȪ·ϵĹǴİɣ
Ҹ˲죬Ҳ㲻ʲôˣȻй¶Լ飬ҽŹصʱ򣬱Ңһڸķʮ񶼿ͷ϶ҲӦǲµġ
£ҳƬ̣ͷ˭ȻȪ·ˣǵԵ֣λϲһ׷ĻĪ͸¶µ٣лһˡ
˵գʯͷͷķȥø
ͷͻȻһץסҵĸ첲С˵Сӣ϶׷ɣ
ҵɫֳһĨɱ
ϷֻһһڻȪ·£ץסĻҪһɢ³ϷСƣʲô֮ˣŵùϷĻϷԴȥһطܹѰͷһɫ˵
ǰͷֳһ˿ɵɫȣͷҶ֪ǴðģߣҸʶȻĻ
ԥʱͷͻȻ˵СӣϷҪ㣬ǲϷĻȥ͵Ϸʲôû˵ϷҪ뺦ĻֻкһҲڸ˵˶ķϻ
һ˵Ͷҡˣһ֣˵лλϲˣ֮ûϲ·
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˵仰֮ͷתߣʱҲŷ֣ȻһƬڰС֣ͷֱӾƬС֮С
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ԣ˵ĽŲܿͱĿһ߶Ҳŷ֣ͷҲǸ򵥵µٶȺܿ죬Ȼһˣȴ磬ǰǸߡ
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ͷͷһۣŲȴǲͣſڱʵϷÿ춼Ӹ߶߶ϷһҲ֡
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һʱȻҪͷҰʲô飬ͷͻȻתȥ첽У˵߰ɣȱܿЩ˵ģ鲢ʲô캦֮£׾ֻϷȪ·û취ȥҪȻҲÿ˴ء


291 ʯ
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ΪٴصĽŲٵĳ߱ƽ
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ͷҴԺ֮кҸߣиʮ֮һ䣬ҵǰһɫʯͷͨںڣһûС
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ףȪ·ϣһ˰̶ȣǻȪ·ϵĹĸõأ


292 Ų
ͷٺһЦ͵СӣᣬϺûб˼ֻʱ˰ڲϣ˰ܹɢһϢϷʯҲڸǲ˰ϢϷѾһˣٹһ꣬پ͵ˣҲתֻˣҪ˰ҲûκôҪϺҵĻͽǱ˰ңҸ֮ԭ赹ԣ㿴Σ
аԼƽϣͷѾĻҪõϵı˰ɣ
ҪŪһñ˰Բǰ׵飬ʮȥϣоŸزҲ˵ѲߵǱ˰ڤߺڤӹͯҲ˺һģ˵ԩһϣ
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һֱĸλ˵ʲôͲᣬ󲽾ֱԺ˽˫޴ţӲҪɳۿܴţһţͷ˽ŵҴϢˡ
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293 ˼
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վﻹһҶֱǽŲԶһЩ֮Ҳ³һֱӻ˵ϡ
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ٺһЦ˵Сӣˣȴ˼ȻȪ·Ӧ֪˴գһ̣һȪ·Ժǻھӡ


294 ʹɱ
գŭ޲ſҧ˵
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СӶʯ˻ţǵ΢ĩı£ùϷķۣҵǿθϷ֣һһϣСӣ˰׸䳤ϣ
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һæͱӣûнɱЩȻ
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Щ˻ǻĿԣȥˣȻʹɱ֣һ


295 ƽȮ
ŲƮ̣Ǽٴγǹֱ룬ƵվԲʱͿɥиǼĻջǣȥ϶УұҪһ취
ڿٵͬʱһѳǹҴ˹ϵͭǮǴ̹ĳǹһӿšһ죬Ǹ˳ǹеͭǮնϣӦֱӽͭǮӶڴ˳ȥ
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Ҹɿһ³һں̵ҧгݵ˵϶Ҹԩ޳ȴҪңͲҪĺˣ


296 ˲ɱ
˵գҸ϶ϻֱͦеĳǹͳɱȥ
ҴǺʯѳɲҷû˿η壬϶Ϊߣ׵ҡ
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ᣬ˼㿪׳͵ϮֱӾһ־½ͭǮһǼʮöͭǮٴλһͭǮ˿գۼҵС
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Ǹʹóǹ׳һӾͳҵͭǮĴ˹ȥǵĳǹһҵͭǮͭǮͻһɢ˿ٴλ˼ʮöͭǮ׳ײ˹ȥ
׳һʱûзӦͭǮܵǣǿԷɢģһ£ҿǴ˻ᣬǼʮöͭǮϢټҹעеһԵȫǸ׳ϡ
ҾͿ׳Ӿһһ£˲䱻ʮöͭǮ򴩣һӾͶ˼ڿϵкʳһ˫ֶ۾Ŀһۣɢ
һΪܸߵļһ˲䱻ͭǮɱıһ׳ԼͬôͭǮĻɢʱ;
ʱҵǵһĨЦݣֱִһǾϴŵķʬߡ
ղǸ׳ͭǮĻɢһ飬ǾȪ·ϵĹȫ壬ֻҪ壬ǵԾԵĞųǾͰڷʬܿƵķΧ֮ڡ
Ĺ»ô׺ҲûӵĳʬߵɣȪ·ϵĹǡ
˷ʬߣҾͳһ׳˹ȥ磬еķʬ߳׳Դͷȥ
׳һæеĴȥеķʬߡ
еķʬ߸׳еĴײһʱ򣬴Ƿʬ֮жʱӿһԵֱӽ׳˳ȥ
ʱҲӦ˹еĳǹһ³ҵؿڴ˹
ϼһзҳʱҵ־ٴαһ£ɢĴͭǮʱһնһԵٴγɢȥ
ûпҸղñͭǮɱһףȻСⱱͭǮ󣬵ס˽Ųеĳǹ趯һȵٶȣҼͭǮֱ񵲿
ͭǮסҶ׳һ͹ʬĩ˵Сٴ˸缢ƿҪ꣬׳еĵֻҪһʬߣᱻȥҴסһҽǷʬһ¾׳ϡ


297 Ȫ·ϵİ
ʬ߿Կһа֮Ȫ·ϵĹҲ壬ȫʬߵƿ֮ڣʬһ´׳ϵʱ׳͵ɴ۾˼Ŀһۡ
ŷʬĩ˵ǸСһҵ˸ʬ߾Ϳʼˣ׳ſ˴죬һĺͻһźֱӱʬһɸɾ
һ岢ǿ󣬱ʬȥ֮󣬷ʬɫûбһ¡
ʱҲӦ˹㶵Ŀһۣһɱ֮Ҳֳ˿־ɫҴʱѾɱ΢΢鶯¶һаȵЦݡ
үģɱô
ɱҲҪǮģȻŪңСү϶͵Ū㣡
ٴξеķʬߣ˹ȥ
Ȼֳ˾ֵı飬ǲûеͷܣ϶ΪҵΪǳĶ֣ƾı£ȫ׾ٵŪҡ
СүȻһ࣬ûж󳤽еķǸײУǿүıĴұٶǰнĴɱǶ֪ܹ֮Ը˵ġ
ɣɱһҲɱɱҲɱҲ϶һһǿƭҵʼٸߣЩһͽҺڴ˴˴֮ˣҲɱͷ֮ޣ
еķʬгǹײһ𣬵ʬ߸ǳǹײһʱҿԵĶһ£ʬӿһͨеǸ˳ǹֱӹ䵽ڣ͵˳ȥһеĳǹ˵ϡ
һΣҿֳ֮˸ηɫһˣˡ
㡭ŵʲôʵ
ʲô֮ҪĶˣ϶ɣ˵Уٴ˷ʬ߳棬ֱӾͲҴˣһΣ⣬汼˳ȥ
Ѿˣ޲ý϶ʬεĽ࣬ղǺʯ֮УҸѬ׷Һ޲ҧڣ׵ķŹ
ԣ϶һܣֱӾ׷ȥͬʱһɢڸͭǮǣ˹ٴγ˹ȥ
һЩŲ·ʵҸˡ
ܿ죬˾ͱ˺ͬЩͭǮȫ˺ͬͷһԺǽϡ
ұȥʱٴα任һ־ͭǮǣ˳ͭǮһֻŷʬߣһֻͭǮ׷϶
ܿ죬˱㱼˴֮ϣҵɱĴһҪɱ˴ˣҲ˲ô˿̻Σ֮У˲ûԶ
˴֮ٴνͭǮ˳ȥζ׼ĺģۿžжʮ׵ʱͭǮһֽ⿪ٴλ˼ʮöͭǮ´ȥ
ڴʱбͻȻһСͬ߳һȺźɫ۵Ĺˣǰ
Щɫ۹˵ǰ棬һδ󺺣Ҳиʮ꣬ļΪֿһӣ·лǣ۴ӣ졣
ͭǮȥķȻҲþȺźɫ۵ˡ
뻵ˣɲ˼޹Ҿ͹鷳ˡ
ЩͭǮͣʱǰǸδͻȻ̧ͷЩͭǮһۣͻȻһ֣һε𣬹һǱߵͭǮ˰֮Уһڰ֮˺һŻһ˵ϡ
ǿΪһһ֮¾ʹסͭǮͷжʱһȴҲ֪Щ۹˵ʲô·ǵлѣ
Ҿͣǻʮ׵ĵط䡣
Ǻͺһл˱ͭǮ֮󣬿һۣһѾ޶סӣʵүģСģ
ŵȶһʱ˵ϣ䳤ϡС϶ģǸһ
һ䳤֣Ҷʱŵһ飬ⲻǴ˵лȪ·ϵİаһĳؽ
˵ڻȪ·ϳưһԼΪһв£һֱڻȪ·ϺаԵ۸Ĺвߣֱӱؽɵˡ
˴ˣûʲôùӳԣͷתŸϽ߰ɣ˵գ˾ϻű˰ء


298 
ǵתҪ뿪ʱ֪ʲôʱӭһȺźɫ۵Ĺˣֱסҵȥ·
һɽӣиʮµ˺ٺЦţ˹˵СֵܣȻ壬ͲҪżˣǣȻˣȱ裬ҪȻ˾͸˵дˡ
ðסڻȪ·ϵĹôǹǲóԶʺģʲôȣǱϵı˰ġ
룬ȴ˵¿һ˵·󱦵أߴ˵طǰɽͷˣ¸λˣҪ²ڵȺȥͲ߶ˣǸǡ
˵ţҺٺһЦеķͳԱߵһͬ˹ȥʱɽӵ߳źɫ۵ļһ첽ҵǰ棬һ֣͵סҵȥ·
һͷɽӣһ˵λǺ⣿ǲ𣿡
ɽЦеģֻҡҡͷȴ˵
ʱؽקӣʵүģ˵СӹĴϴһˣһסӣǱ˰ǰɣ㣬㼴ǰתֻˣһɱ㣬¹ػȪ·ǲţ
͹˵ϣһѽ䳤ϣǸҰ˸ӣС϶ҲҶǱ˰СľСн˰Ȼ͸С϶ˣٹһصľ͸ֻˣﻹõ˰
˵Ŀʵ飿ؽʵ
ʵС϶ǽ˧һʰСӵģСʵЩֶΣ˶ɱˣС϶òײŻų䳤˵ţ¼ؽ
ؽһƲ죬һߣ˵СҲûǸƭҡ
ؽһ˫ٴγɨ˹΢΢ĵ˵ͷͳ˹
ǰ߰˲ĵطؽͣһ̧ͷιСӣģ
һ²һ£ܹȫˣȻ붯䣬οؽı£Ҿʮһ飬ҲĶ֡
һ֣˵²μ䳤ϣǴġ
ؽٴεͷҲʮˬ죬ֱӸ˵͵ϵı˰
ȻⶼѾΪ˹ܣȥѾûκˣ±΢΢ͷ˵ȷʵһ˰
ؽŴֿĴɥ¶Цݣ޷εϲֵˣûмܴϽ˰͵СͷһЩͣӵҲøţǻҲţ㽫Ǳ˰ͿˣӸˣɱ䣡
Ǳҵı˰ģⶫܸ
ЦСүƴžһһ·룬һڻȪ·ϵ죬üζˣ˰ڵ֣˵͸㣬ôܣ
һ΢Ц˵䳤ϣ˰žõģ䳤Ҫ˴ߣʮ￪ӣԼȥȡˡ
һ˵мֵ˼䳤۾ٺЦСӣû˸Ҹ˵ˣСӻͷһеӣʶģϽ˰Ҫӷ𣬵ʱڶˣ
ǲˣҺòŪĶƾʲôҪ㣿ʶĸϽÿСүҲ뷢𡭡˵ݶϣҲЩˡ
Ȼһﲻߣǿ϶ҪĽ࣬ٸװˣ˻ײ򣬿ɣⳡҪġ
ؽıһУٷϻһ֣źӵĹ˿첽˹
߹ͬʱ۹ͬʱֵ䣬ֱγѴŵĹͷһ׺ݵĳұ˹
ǿ·ƣֱ۹˵ΪߣԲ֮£ҲûǣǳʱҾѾ߶־ɢڲԶͭǮȫǣƯ˰֮Уһ΢΢֮ЩͭǮͳ۹˵ĺ󱳴˹
۹ƺһҲɵҼЩͭǮɴǵĳұ˹һǹͷͳҵĺҵƤһ


299 ͵ʴ
ƣЩľ۹˿ɱˡ
壬嵶ǹȴ已̥У϶ֱӱɹˣʡһ裬ùŹأȪ·סˡ
ҿɲ֮󣬻Щ˸۸ԣҾҪԼ
ǴЯһʱӿٵ㵽һԡ
ͬʱǼʮöͭǮѾ׳˹ֱͷûлأֻֻһϵӣ㽫ЩͭǮס˦䵽һԣͲ쵱һ¶
ҵţôţ棬˵еһ˹治С˶
˵ˣǾҲǱ˸ɱˣҪȻҲᵽȪ·ϵĹš
£Ҵʮֵľ񣬿ʼȫӦ֣һ֣˦ɳȥͭǮһ𣬻ͭǮУһֻͭǮһֻŷʬߣ͸ǰˣŪͷĺͺɱ
һʵҪǿһأһҾԸоǵĶ֣ǹͷƴͭǮϵʱҵѪӿڶ
һ۹˵ĴҵķʬϵʱҲо쳣͵һ˳ȥһĨ֮ɫ
Ȼǲ֪ʬߵģʬߴһ䲻⡣
һͺٴγҳ˹ͭǮһ£ŷʬ߾ͳǺͺؿڴ˹ȥǺͺͱһڹӣɵֱȥץһ¿ǵѪùˣһʬߣǷʬϵСֱӾ˸Ǻͺ¶һޱȵɫҪſ˵ӾһźӰһƮͱʬһɸɾ
һΣʬ߱ɫӺɫ˻ɫ
һ¶˳˶һؽҲɫüͷ΢΢
ʣµǸͺҪǰǿһͭ屻ʬ˲ɱ֪ʬʲôèΪõʲôʱŵֹǰˡ
ʱؽ䳤ϡСŵһѷʮã˭˭ҸղžǿѵıǷɵˡ
ؽһͳ߳ȥһţ߷˵ϣŭôô˵һԱ󽫾ôûˡ
˵գؽұƽ˼һ˫ٴ´ۣʵСӣʲô·£ôéɽأ
һʣͷ˵ͷ˵éɽӣǰȪ·һģéɽƽˣڵĳҢˣдУ˿̾Ȫ·ϣҪʶģ͹ԹԵÿһ·ʡéɽ˽ǴĻɢɣ
һ˵ؽϲûκη壬ĸ׺ҧгݵ˵үģƽ޵ľéɽˣǰӾǱéɽ˰㣬Ȫ·ϣӻֻȡϵı˰㿴ǷҪɱ㲻ˣ
ãŪɳ׾͵ʴףˣԭؽéɽֵУܲ޵ô
ôôù˵ﲻãƫ˵Լéɽģ˵ɽɽҲһô
ˣųȥˡ
˵仰ؽı۾ϵƶȻһ޷ĵһӿƵѹ֮£ҸоԼ˫Ⱦ˵һͰβˡ
ؽһֻ֣ճӥצ״Ҫҵĺ
ס֡֡֡
ڴʱһŭͷը죬һ׶һƬݼ֮ϣͻȻ߰˸Ӱ߱˹
ٶȼ죬ղſŻмʮԶתۼһ΢һӰƮҵǰ
һ߲ˣǴȪ·ҢˣéɽڵĳҲ
ո߲ã֮󣬱˴ݼ֮Ʈ£ҵߡ
ٴγǿȥ˺ѦСߡ
½½Ļ˴ݼǼҾͲʶˣӦİ֡
ѦСһأͳ˹ŭһͳؿڴһȦŭүģ˭Լ͵͵ܳģ˵õһȥ͵˰ô


300 ֮
ѦСߴϵһȭһۣˣҾǿˣĲ˳
Դ뿪Ǹ֮Ҵһܵ͵˰һĥѼұܿһ·֮ϣǧգһһȫỨ
ò͵˱˰뻢ڣΪҪˣؼʱ̣ҵ֮ѦСߣҢ˵˴ֱǾȿѵĹҿǳҵǰһᱼˡ
ҽסѦСߵĸ첲Щ΢΢ǧ﹣ںͷȴֻһ仰ð˳Ƕˣ̫ˣû뵽ܻſǡ
С̫ˣһգ۵ĹͲˣǷ㲻ڵʱȫԺüһС̫ˣȻԺﲼһ󣬼ҢˣҲһСʱǷСӸʲôǲ˵õһȥΪʲôԼһ͵͵֪ܳжżôѦС߻һԹ˵
¶дȣľЩ˼ҪѦС߽һµʱ
һԵؽͻȻ˵ǆûУǲǲҷﰡ
ʱѦС߲ע⵽ǵˣתͷȥؽһۣЩм˵үģ˭
һ˵ؽͱĸǿ׶Ŵˡ
ҸɿһСĸѦСߵؽ
ؽ˭ôû˵ţôѦСɴֵ˵
Կ治ãˣ˵Ǹؽ۸Ǹؽ
һѣѦСߺɫ䣬סҵĸ첲һͶҢ˵󣬳һ˵ѽҵѽؽô˵
СӻԹˣ˵ؽˣԼӦǹҡ
˵ĶڻȪ·Ͽ˲֪˲ģŵʱҲǽϳһ죬Ҫְ˻Ȫ·񣬻ûܹε
ҾˣʮĴˣŹصʱعŹصʮΪʲôûһȻ֮ڼΪ
Ң˺˴ǰ󣬴˿Ң˺˾վǵǰ棬ؽ׵ľ롣
ˣΧЩɫ۵ȫΧ£˹Ҳϵдź۵˴ӸطϢֱ߳ӽΧһ㣬ˮйͨ
Щ˼ͷҲû򣬷Ңһ֣ؽͿһ˵䳤ϣòû뵽ٴμ棬Ȼһط
ؽҲսϵĹأҢһ֣˵ѾʲôˣѾǶʮǰ飬˵Ҳ֣㲻Ժ϶ǼˣȪ·ϣҲֻéɽڵܹ˵˵߾ߣԼҵĺ԰һ㡣Ҳ˼ؽûлɱéɽéɽƫƫܵҵĵ̹ǾͲҪؽˡ
ǽȪ·Ͼ˵ˣΪǸͲһˣƶǰȪ·䳤Ҳ֪ԵɣΪģΪһ˰һΣҿǾͲҪ˰ɣ䳤Ȫ·ϴ˶ʮ꣬ӦҲֻתˣһ˫ˣòʧǴ·죬һΣҢ˿Ϳ˵
ؽһЦͷҢ˵һˬˣĳҲѿ࣬Ȼ˵ݶˣǽĳͷһ·ĳһǾǽǱ˰ԿȥȻ߿ûô򵥡
ؽ˰飬ѦСٴμʹһҵļ򣬼ҿСţүģ潫˰͵ˣ
ҿѦСǸŵı飬װһȵС߸磬һһէвһ˰ôǻֵ飬УԺүүġҴүô
ѦСֵ߱Щæ˵˰أҳҿⶫʲôӣⶫɽһ˿ǿŵġ
ȻȴֹѦСߣɫ˵߸磬ܲȻųȥ˵㿴ΧжˣҪǰˡ
ѦС߾ҵѣٴתĹˣһۿȥʱŵѦСߵһԭΧǵĺ˶жʮˣ̶̵򣬲֪侹Ȼۼ˰֮ڡ


301 
һ⽫һս
ڣҢ˺˴İ֣ܹʮˡ
ʮ˶һٶ۸֣һʮĽࡣ
ؼǣһٸ˲ͨĹǰ൱ߣУؽΪԲ˵ΪһĳϣΪ϶죬Ң˶ηԺ͡һʼѾˣؽĶ֣ʱҪܸؽˡ
㿴ƶ߷ǳܱһ˵ǹƥǿղҪҢһҾѾؽˡ
ܺѹѹȺҲЩǲǸ鷳
ڻȪ·ϵĹ֮У˹˶ŹԾû¶¶Ҫ߿϶˴
ȻˣܻҪи
Ҫϵı˰߿϶ǲܸģ˵˴Ҳɡ
Ǿֻһ
Ȼ˵֮ͨҢ˺ܿͱɫؽ˵䳤ϣô˵ǲϷඣ
֪ʣʹ޵ľéɽˣǴӦ֪ؽݵ˵
Ǻðɣƶ䳤ϵĸУʮûʲôҢ˵ţϵĵ۾͹ĵһǿĞųɢ˳Ϣʵ˵ҺѦС߶ҢԶһЩ
ֿ˲˼һĻʱҢ˲ǵ޷ĵԼлڳһźɫϢ˾һ㣬ֲ֪ʲô
ȻؽҲǸǵĽɫ˫΢΢һУϵĞųҲȻſһ֣һźɫĹǺɫĹͻȻǣ쿪ɲǼ侹Ȼ۳һɢźĳ⵽ضүõµһСڵϻһŽ˿ֻ΢΢һ㷢һ죬ر𣬲֪ûʲôè塣
λҪȫɢһξ룬һܴĿռ䡣
ԭֻǶţĞųһֱھҵĪһţҲ֪Ң˵ǲؽĶ֡
ôһ䣬ͻȻؽеĴһ죬⧲֮䣬ؽ͸Ңײһ
Ҳ֪ʱҢѾϰγǰɫĳһâҫһĵĻɫĳƣ籡˵ıжײһεϵĳ߳ײֱƵվΧ˷׷˳˼
վҢҺѦСߣʮĸܵƴʱչֳİоӭײһǽֱӽɳȥ˺ü
Ң˺ؽһܿս֡
һͷȥʱ򣬵ǳɽӵļһһ֣ΧЩ˾ͳӿ˹һʱ亰ɱ
գۼĹǱ㱻Χм䣬Щ˹õķȫǴŵĹͷֻɽļһõһķһ̡
һΣɽӾ;̸һ
õҲһѽ⽣ڣһ㷢һɽӵϡ
ҺѦСҲûɶ˵ģһֻŷʬߣһֻͭǮҲ˺֮УѦСóһӸӣ˳ȣһɱΧ֮С
һֱΪѦСûзǴӼóһ˳صĳӸӾͳˣ֪Ըܲãǳ˵ϣ϶ȫ壬óô
ҸͲǿЩʱΪЩʵ̫ˣѹѹһƬֱΣһҧٴηų˴УٵĽ֮еһּ£ȻӿͭǮ֮С
һҧָѪͭǮϡ
ѪñͭǮӳƴʱҲ˿ıֻܷŴС
ͭǮһմȾҵѪâ䣬ڿն𣬳ǰЩ˶ȥ
Ƭ֮ͭǮһɢٴλ˼ʮöͭǮ
⼸ʮöͭǮ꣬ͭǮƮڰָ֮Է뿪ÿһöͭǮַͭǮƺƵĳЩȺ֮ɢȥ
ҪķԪ֮ҲΪⱱͭǮ󷢻ӳһΣֻһЩѪҺ̣ûԤϵġ


302 
﷢һĻԵʣʬ߱ȻһЩҲ֪飬ҵΪһҲһǰҪȻͭǮҲ
һΣͭǮһԼĿɿڴĽЩͭǮɢڰԺ󣬾Ȼ˽һöͭǮܷͭǮתۼĹǰٵͭǮХžͳЩ˹ȥ
ǱͭǮܹ֮ǣǰ߰˸ӭײЩǻΪ⽣һϵĺ۶׼ҼͭǮ
ȻǴˣͭǮֱӴ͸ǵĺۣһ͸߰˸϶ʱССĿð˺һŤ֮תۼͻˡ
ɱȥѦСߣһĻҲˣͷһۣЩԾʵСšûһ˻Ȫ·һˣôôˣ
⣬ҲûͣΪԼ㲻
֮֮ԴԴϣҺܿջͭǮУʱͭǮ˸ɫĹâҵ΢΢ķһоҵһ΢Ĺ
ƺܹоеͭǮɢϢһ޷о
ƺղŵǸͭǮŷӳ˱ͭǮİǱͭǮʵ
ŹҲ뵽ô˱ͭǮľɡ
һйЩԭǵĺˣһҵıǿ˶һ㣬һйȥɨһƬʲô
ղһ˱Ƶæңһգ۵Ĺܹͬʱ߰˸ˡ
ⲢҵĶ򣬶ͻȻұǿˡ
Ҫľо
ɲǼ䣬΢΢ͭǮͳЩɱ˹ȥѦСҲıǸһЩ˷˽
ͬʱؽƴҢͻȻƮһӺϯ
һͷĹźѾƮҵǰ棬գۼ̳һΣֻܹһ˫˵۾ҼֹһˣҢĹū
˿̵ĹūһѺĳҺѦСߵǰһ˫ɨһЩ֮ͳ˺֮С
ū쳣ǿǰΪһǰѳֱոɱһⳤײһ˲һɥ̼ɢ
˹ū߸绢ͻȻЩֲǰˡ
˵ǳ̫࣬˴ǼֱΧסһʱΧ֮УһͷȥʱѾ˱Щ˴Ļɢˡ
ǱҢ˺ؽսҲѾһְȻĽ׶Σò˵贽ǸʮѲĶ֣еǰѺɫŪ֮ʱһ죬ƵԽԽ죬ԽԽƺܶĳǿҵĸţķңͷǣҿҢ˵ʱ򣬷βǸղǰˡ
ؽеĳȴԽԽ죬˶ҴĽ꣬ʵǽڱһڣĽӡҢ˵ɫ֮籡ɫʵһĺ⣬һܹĻ棬ؽΪɵĶ
ûȥؽԮ֣Ǳɫ籡ɫϯ˱ȼմ
ūĳ֣ҺѦС߻˲ѹܿа˸ٴνҺѦСΧ
˸Աĺ࣬һǹţ͵һ˰̥ƵģǷֱվҺѦСߵܣĳ󷨣˹̣˹̣һͨʵҺѦСЩæҡ
ͭǮʺԶ̹ɱܴ󣬵ǱΧۿˣؼҸûʱ߶ǣͭǮ
ڴʱѦСͻȻһΧǵǰ˸˹ȥ
Ұæ֮лͷѦСһۣСӲɵ˰ɣѵڶЩлɢ
лɢ˹ãܶЩȪ·ϵĹòɣ
ǵѦС߽Щҩȥ֮ΧǴǰ˸ͷ󺺵϶ʱֳһ־飬׷˼
ҳһæʵС߸磬Ūʲô
רιҩ۰콭װҪˣҪЩĹѦС߲޵˵


303 ֲϢ
Ҳ֪ѦС߳Щʲôҩۣܹ֮ãҩһȥ֮Ǽͷ϶¶η飬ҿҺѦСˡ
ѦССӾ͸ϷƵģҩûûˣǳܻ˵϶˺ܶ࣬ãҩ۲ûʲôֵζо۲ࡣ
ѦС߽ҩʱҲŷҺѦСߵȫһƬɫҩ۸ϣڴһ㡣
Сӹ治ף磬ƴأСĻͦˡ
ò˵ǣѦС߻дµˣΪǼҵҩֻܶԸأȪ·ĹȻҲɵ֡
ֲѦҵʦүѦҽܹҽˣҲҽر㡣
һЩľͲٿˣ˺óһξ롣
ҸоսȦ֮УھʣΪУ˶˺˵֮С
Ȼ˿Ȼû˸ҿǣҵﻹŷǳصΪЩ˱ϾΪ˾ңΧ֮С
ΪƴҴ˿ԹۣΪҶȥ
ǰ˸ͷ׳ҩ۱׿⣬һԾԾԣҪһѦСڵϵİɫҩۣһӰ̣оŽѾӲ˻һ㣬һĲͣ硣
ȻˣһоͺðˣŴС
ͭǮ
һΣϱҸһӣѪͭǮϣеͭǮ׷һ¾Ծ˰գеٴοӿͭǮһâ˸һ죬ɢ˼ʮöͭǮɢȥ
ЩͭǮڷɳȥͬʱϷͭǮʶĿ˺֮Уʱ䣬ʮ˱ͭǮУһźɢ
ⱱͭǮ󷢻ӳЧɱԲһĴһǿߵĸо
ⱱͭǮֻɱһСɫǰ˸ͷȴһûдУǼκβҺѦСߣֱӾͷˣܿתìͷɽӵķȥˣ˶ԸɽӾЩټǰ˸ͷӣ˺ܿһʮΣյľء
Ȼû˸ҺѦСߣȫΪЩҩ۵ԵʣҲܹЩҩķΧһ뿪ˣ˶Ƿ
˴Щ֮УΪʵҺѦС߱ȻܹԱѾܲˣΣյľأҵҲĻջǡ
Ҵ߶ⱱͭǮֱϿƣǰ˸ͷ׳ȥ
ڴʱɽͻȻ˦һҶһԭǰ̣СõķѦС߻Ҫرһʮִ
ȻҵС̣ɽӽ׷ɵ˰֮ԺЩӾͱ˳ŨĺţұͭǮͭǮ쭷ɶЩźӣһЩͭǮײһЩͭǮʱʧˣֻͭǮɢ˵ϡ
ЩӵͷûκһŨҵĺɳҺѦС߶δҾ͸оһɿֲϢϯ
ôʲô
ҺѦС߶һ֣ǲˣæһ㿪
ǰŸ뿪ǸطЩӾ˸ղվλã涼һӡ
Щٴαɽ÷ǣ·ɻС
ôоֶθҵıͭǮЩأ
һҩ۵Ȧӣ¾ĸһ㣬ЩͺһѷľΧ˹ҺѦС߸æ˷Щӵĺ˷ɱ
еķʬҲ߶ĩ˵Сһֱͣ˸ʬ߻֮䣬ҲһʮǿĞų֮ǣƵЩ˲ҽ
ѦС߻еĳӸӣǳ·֮䣬Ҳһá
ѦСߵĳ֮ƺҲͿĨһЩЩɫҩۣЩηĶ
ˣҲһʮΣյľأʱǸҢĹūƺߵΣһðźĴ󵶣ǵߣһ·ֱƲɵǰѺɫĴ󵶻֮䣬˱նɱҺѦС߼˲Сѹ
Ȼ䣬һƺߣǴǱ߷ģһͷȥʱ򣬵˱һ´ؿڣ˾͵˳ȥ


304 Ǭ
˵ӷɳȥ֮ײ·ߵһǽϣֱǽ涼ײˣһɺɫζЩˣȻˡ
˵ΪΣûмǼȻҢ˵ʦܣΪҲ̫һ˶Ը̵ɽȻЩǰ˸ͷɵΧЩˣɽӵصһӵ˳ȥ
һҶ
˱ɳȥ֮ǰ˸ͷ׳ٴγ˹ȥҪնɱĽࡣ
ȥˣǰźԶһξ룬Ǿ벻⣬ΧˣҴ粽У˺ܹܿתͶ̥ˣΪڴ˴ɢҲҪھһӡ
ǰ˸ͷһϵĻ֮µĻʮã
˹ȥȴܹȥǰ˸ͷӳ˳ȥʱ˱ͭǮǿٵһ־һεĴ߶˱ͭǮ󣬿ҴʧɫǣҷͿھ߶֮ʱɢڵϵͭǮһ죬Ʈ˰֮ȴ֪ģͻȻһΣȫ˵ϡ
ͭǮ޷߶ˡ
Ⲣʮֱĺ϶ΪղɽӵӵԵʣ̵һźƺܹҸͭǮĹͨүģڲ֪òһжˡ
ˣ˱ɡ
ۿһȺͷ׳Ҫ˵ߵʱбͻȻһɫĽ˿һ˵壬ȼˣЩͷ˵м䣬ǵ˵ǰ
ǰɫĽһڵϣʱɫĻ𣬳Щͷ׳˹ȥһشصĻ緭ţǿһʥ˲Ͱסͷ׳
ͷ׳һҾ徵Ľ˲ͱɫĻɣһźɢ
Щͷ׳ʱŵķ׷˿
ǰѽҢ˵Ľһ
ݵı֮ǰɫĽµĻȥǰѽȴɹâ貣С
תͷȥҢ˵ʱҢ˵Ѿû˽ǿָؽƴ
ҢҲẠ̊́ϴŲٷһһĳؽ˹ȥ
ҢΪéɽڵĳϣԸｩʬ֮аȻһķţؽȻ׺Ȫ·ϣڲҲһ׺ĹˣҢ˼ûǰѰıһʱҲû·硣
ҷҢһֽؽ׷ɹȥЩֽȻһΣ֮󣬾ȻСĹøūģ࣬һѺɫĳ˷ʼؽ
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ǽ˿ֻһεЩͷǣؽеĹͷ󵶣նһһ޴˷ΧЩССĹūͱĵնϳ룬̼ɢ
Ȼһȥ֮ؽϵƼ˿ȥĸߴ˼֣ţؽеĴ󵶸߸߾ǵϵĽ˿ֻһεĶǰҢ˺ݺݵһһʵֲǵɢǿɱ濳һĹ֣Ңϯȥ
Ң˵ԵЩţƺܵǽ˿ֻţԵЩңżһ棬ƮȻȥǵĽһ·ն˹ȥ
һؽĵڶ
û뵽һﻹܹȥ
ؽΰεض𣬽ƣǰѹͷжȻһΣϢεΧЩ˶ǵ紵ҡڲЩֱӾͷһԡ
ؽԾȻգμǣֱ˵Ļϯأƺȼ
һʵʣһźٵתžͳҢ˹ȥ
һΣҿҢ˵ޱȾֱҴûмҢ˱ֳɼжôֲ
Ңָһ첽ˣһջҢλĲǷһˮһ̫ͼǰ̫ͼϸֳһ⡣
ǵ̫ͼȫͣǵȻײ˹


305 ˼̫
ؽһ֮ÿһƶڲĞųһĵݡ
ֱ֮󣬼ڳ˶֣ͣҲūڣȫؽһޱȵĵ⡣
ʵֱֲ̫ˣֲôǰһĳϣֱ̾Ϊֹ
͵һһǿҿƣΪ֮
һȻײҢ̫ͼ棬̫ͻȻסźɫĵ⣬Ƭ̣̫ͼȻͱ˿ϸСֱײ
ҢҲЩסˣڰգһƺߣ˵ϣһſھŻһѪ
Ңˣ
Ңˣ󾪣һѪֱš
Ȼ䣬еķʬߣƺоеļĩ˵Сҵ˸һź⽫˶סˡ
ҲһеĳҢ˳˹ȥһҲ֪ôģǲϣҢΪǻųȥΨһϣеıҲһ̴ﵽһּ¡
һҵֻеڵϵҢˣûȥһ·֮ϵĺ˶ҵǰ
ҰǰͬʱѦСҲұ˹ͣĻеĳӸӣ⻹һǾǹū˿̱һҪҢ˰ΣģӦþū˰ɡ
ҵ鼤Ⱦ˷ʬߣǷʬߺʢҵϣҳӶȥ
ʱұ»ҰϽʱ򣬷ʬ߱ģʢ˲֪ɱ»Ұģ֮ߵĺȫ˾֮Ψֱ֮Щܵģ˲䱻ʬߵĺУһź˷ʬ֮Уɴ
ұҢ˵ʱһȥؽϢ֮ٴƮȻ𣬾еĹͷ󵶣Ң˾ȥ
һȻûиղͣһҢ˵ϣȻҲɥ
ʱҢ˻һξ룬ۿؽĴ󵶾ҪҢ˵ϣҲû룬㽫еķʬ߳ؽ˹ȥ
׷ɳȥķʬ߻˸һĺ⣬ʬǿԿһа֮ķǿؽҲʮηĶӦ˷ʬߴǿѹҢ˵һڰ֮о͸ı˷򣬳ķʬߴ˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬ؽһ˷ʬ棬ˡһ죬ʬ߱ĳ˳ȥַ˹һ±ϸߣ־ͽסǷʬߡ
ؽһ֮ʵ׺ҵסʬߵʱ򣬱оһǿķ֮ǷʬߴҵҺ˵ϣͷסΡ
ؽһڷʬϣȻܲܣʬһ֮䣬ǰѹͷϺͱɵˡ
ؽһǱһ㣬ֱӽеĳ˵ϣʶ
ס˷ʬߣٴǰҢ˵ǰʱūѦСҲһϵҢ˵ǰ
ؽ˱ۣеķʬߣŭʵСӣõʲô
øͣҲͣǣȥȺ˶ҪȫûǵҢλƺˡ
׻˵ĺãɽڲûգҲΪһ˰˶ȥ͵һˣҲΪôһ֮Ϊ˸Ĵۣ̫ˡ
뵽ұؽ˵ģΪһ˰ôСүˣ뿪
ؽ˵ͻȻչֳһĨЦݣٺЦСӣ˵ĻδЩ˰ɣԽȫɱˣٴ˰ΪλҪأ
ϣؽ˼̫ݣҪ˰ҪǵԴӿǵʱ򣬾ûдǻ뿪Ϊéɽޣéɽ˽նɱŻȪ·ϵġ
˱ĻᣬǾԲߵġ
һ뵽ͻȻͱ侲еķʬߣؽ߽ͻȻ˵ģ㲻Ҫ̫ǽéɽ˿϶Ҳưոݵġ
СӣвΪéɽӶ˹ˣʲôµģéɽҹʱ˱˰ôֻתˣؽǹͷָҵ


306 ±ֵ
ؽͱˣǻ·ĿľҪ˵ڴ˴
ﲻ棬ɱ˷ôһ˿ԼȪ·Ͽһǿʳ磬ֻҪһ㣬ĺˮˣм񱻴ĻҲûȥܣϾȪ·ϵĹ̫ˣҲܲ
˵ˣϵǷǷǣ֮ƴǰսϵϹأˣҲʲôϵ
ؽҪȫڴˣéɽɱ֮
Ң˺Ѿˣ˴˵ļҲǺ˷ָڲͬĽ䣬ɱ
˿̣ΨվҢ˵ǰ棬վؽǰ棬ǰĲһ
ǣұҪվΪǳģҾҪԶǽİ취
ôһĹͻȻһӰѸײڶ֮ƣͳؽ˹ȥ
ҶһŲˣҢǸ֮ΪūǸڲļһ
ūʵʮ׺ȻԼҵ˱ؽˣһŭ֮£ͳؽɱ˶ȥ
ūеǰɢŨĵʵ壬ոȴһĵҪǿϼ֡
ūӰƮٶ죬ǻһźһֱؽ߲۳ʵеĺڵһâ¶ͳؽϿȥ
ؽһûǹūһƮ˳ȥ;н˿ֻ󵶣ūƴһ
תͷȥҢ˵ʱ򣬵ǹһĨѪȻ΢΢ı۾ͨϢڿٵĸԼˡ
ūؽһոհȺʱսҿһѦСߣ֣صС߸磬Ң˽ˣһҪסȫȥʰؽ
Сţ㿪Цذɣ£Щ˹лУôؽĶ֣Ȱ㻹ǲҪȥһչҢ˰ɡѦСһεӡ
·ϻտҢͺúÿţã±ֵܡ˵գŷʬߣתͳؽķ˹ȥ
ؽͬʱüĴָ׸һڣһʺɫľѪָϡ
ҪƴˣҶõĻǶĺܴԪ֮ǶԼΪ˺ܴҲòҵʵãûиһƴֻ֮ܿѹեԼǱܣԼﵽһּޣ㣬ؽּĸǰһһһĽɫ
ֻҪһڣҪսףǾԲܾôġ
ѪָǼ䣬һεķ߶еǵΪľѪȫҵȫǵξѪﱬʱƺҵĹ죬ڷÿһطұƽʱҪΪ
Ȼ䣬ҷһ⣬ȫȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬ӵʱҾȻ޷סɾ޴ˡ
ѪҺȼգںȻը죬һɾʹȫʹһ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹﵽÿһ䡣
Щܲסˣ̲ס쳯˻һ
һ˻֮󣬿ֲͷˣҵĻ¾Ȼðһ̣ɷڱ˳
޴йֱӴ͸˳
һ̣ҵʶЩģ
еķʬҲ˹ı仯һɲǼͺ䣬ҵоһպ
һжǰϤȻ侪ѣһĻȻϤϷΡ
ʬԩڷʬҲ޷ЩԩȻɰɷתƵҵ
þѪĴ߶ʱǹѹɷһ˲ͱ˿
ǿҵӦʮ־
Ϊ϶ðŹḷ́ǲҪˣ»۵ɷļ
ҵ챻޷ƵɷŵĿҪˣʹҼһйĵط
ٴ˻һķ嶼ʹĻ
еķʬһ죬ƺҪֶ
СšСšզˣҪҺòáѦС߲
ŻҪըѵľʹͷһѦСߣҪ˵û¶ȴôŲڣʹѾ޷ܵĵز


307 һ֣¾ǧ
תһɲǣѦСһһƨɾ͵˵ϡ
һҢ˵һĨ壬ɴ۾૵˵۾ˡħ塭⡭Ҫ߻ħ𣿡
Ң˿ҵӺ£ЩźӵҲͬʱһҵһ޷ľ֡
һһɵֱײΧƵĺɫɷԽԽŨеķʬҫĺɫѪ⽫Ұһ𣬸ԵĹĪɷڡ
˵ǱˣԼҲԼڵӦرֲ
⾿ôˣ
ԼƲԼѹסתζ޼£񱻴һ޴Ļڣϵͷųǿ
ܲסˣһεתȥ˸ǹūƴһؽ
ѾĲôү𣿴үҼ켴ˣҲҪͬھ
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˿̵гɱ¾۾һƬѪԺ︡ԩľһƬȼŵĻ
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ؽ׷ȥūնɱһ̧ͷͿԾȻڰеҡ
ҿؽ˳һĨֵɫкħ
ָûл³еķʬ߾ѾؽϺݺݵ˹ȥ
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ʯ֮䣬еķʬ߾͸ؽĽ˿ֻͷײһ
һɰƽض𣬳ϣʬߴڽ˿ֻͷϷһײ֮ۡһ
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ײǽϣؽûͣЪֱӽǶǽײˣǽһεĴ󶴣ؽȴӰ
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תԼ籡ĺɫɷȴһĨЦɣүɣô󣬾ү¹˭
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֮䣬ѹѹһƬ˾ͳҷӵҵһΣٵ˼־ҴûһΣ־鶯ָͲԼһ㡣
־һйһ飬ûüĬԭɽӴڵϵͭǮһ춯˲һ𣬻һâգۼͷɵҵС
ҵͭǮʱһֺ׳־Ժ︡֡
һ֣¾ǧ
Ӣۣ˭
ɱɣ˭ҪҾҪ˭
еͭǮâʣɫɷȾȻҲֳ˺ɫɷ
ܿ죬ҾͽеͭǮ׷ɶ
ǿ߶֮£ͭǮͷֹһΣˡһ죬ͭǮ뿪˼ʮöͭǮЩҷӵĺ˼ȥ
ЩͭǮÿɳȥһףʮͭǮɳȥ׵ʱͷ֮ѾܲͭǮ˾޴֮Щ˺Ȼ¡
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սᡣ
ⱱͭǮųҲʩչȻҵУһ̣ȴޱ貵żھȪ֮ҲĿ˰ɡ
һЦһ˵У
ѧߵңоȻðһ״ʫȫижҲ֪Ϊλðֵͷ


308 ң
ⱱͭǮĿߣ⽣֮עĳʶҽ©չֳʱǹĪʶҵԺԲŻ뷨
ⶼԼΪģҲö֪
֮ⱱͭǮһһգ۵Ĺ򣬱жʮ˲ɢ
Щԭ볯ҳĺ˶ʱŵľɥ֮ȮŴ·ӴܣٴαҵͭǮ˲ɱ
ٴǣһ־ɢڸͭǮٴһ𣬻ͭǮ뵽ҵС
ⱱͭǮȥ֮Ҷʱо˼֣ͷųһЩԵʰɡ
һֻͭǮһֻŷʬߡ
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⵭һװȣΪû˻ӦȻȴһ侲ݵǸң
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΢΢תб۾ȥղǸ˵ˣһۿȥɵССһ
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СӣҲע⣬͵Ϯһ£Ϊ㣿ӻ콭ʱСӻ֪ĸǶأëûļһӵĵҰҲԼĽؽ˵ţеĽ˿ֻͷһΣͶ׼ҵš
ôķϻҪСү㵽ף͸ҹԶԶģԺٿ㣡ݵ˵
ôŰӶû˸ô˵ˣéɽƽҲǰ˷ؽҧгݵ˵
ôϻ㵽״򲻴򣿡ٴλص

һΣĽؽŭˣٷϻеĽ˿ֻͷŪ˼£ƣΧĞųһεķݣǿȻ䣬ؽٴԾ𣬸߸߽˿ֻͷ𣬾ͳص
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ؽһͬʱѾеͭǮ׷˳ȥͭǮһɵ֮УͭǮԶɣͭǮһ𣬻һҫ۶ĿĽ⣬ǵȻײ˹ȥ
ּײϢײһƺ˻һ춯һ˹˳ӭӭײһʻĴ󿨳ϣԭػɳȥԶͣסΡ
ҴɳȥͭǮȻǵȫ˻ȫ±
ͭǮϾҵķ͵ЩͭǮҪɵŵʱ˼־ЩͭǮƯҵǰһ˵죬˵ϡ
һ̣ᵽҢ˸ղԵǶôԵһҸղѪķʽѹƵɷ˳һ֮£ҹƾҪӷˡ
־Ǹ֣Ȼ䱬ΪĸǰһԵЩġ
ֻڸǰҲŸܵԼǶô΢ԼǶôһ
ȻؽֻһղŽҢ˴ˡ
ʼվãҢ˲Ǵ򲻹ؽΪղҢΪ˾ˣԼķǰɫı׷˳ȥӶԼʵַģŻˣҪȻҸоҢһܹס֮
СҲЩ£͵ľһҽסˣҷʱΪȥϾҪݽˣҪһʱܻع
ȻȴһΪҵĵԴԴϣֻҪһţһֱһֱ͵״̬


309 ɫ
òңʬĻᣬҪȻͦȥһء
ղؽ˵һҸܵԵʵ뽫ɢڵϵͭǮ۳ͭǮֻǲ־ؽͳ˵ڶ
Ѿʶؽ֮µĿɲ֮˳жһٶ˥˥ߣؽȻһһǿÿȥһϵͻڽӶﵽһһصǿ̶ȡ
˵ҧ師֮£ƥУؽǳҧ師֮ͬֻݣǾǡǿ
ڶһƹΧĞųһεĲƺڿը죬ٵδһ˲䣬һͱɢĞųˣһľƤŲ֪һҵܹܲӵס
һ뵽滹һҵĶŲ
Ȼ鵽ֵزӲͷƤҲϡ
еͭǮûʱˣлһѺâķʬߡ
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΢΢ţҪ뿪ҵһ㡣
룬ؽզ˵Ҳһ壬ҲԞųһչֶѣóҲһԵĞųٿصģʬ߿Կһа÷ʬ߶Ըϼһ϶Ǵˡ
ؽٴһʱȫĺһȫע˷ʬ֮Уţ붼û룬ͽǷʬ߳ؽǵ˳ȥ
һΣʬײһǷʬֱӾڰ֮вǵչֱֳӱʬɣʧȥٿصķʬһâ˸Ʈ˵ϡ
Ҹоһ޴ĞųԷʬΪĳӶȥֻӵҵĽű߾ʧȥ֧ţ𽥰ʬָֻ˱ģ
һΣʬߺܺõĵؽĵڶȻҽʬ׳ȥ֮󣬺ûʲôԵֵؽˡ
Ȼؽڶȥ֮󣬽ŵмûκηӦʹϢĻᡣ
һҸоһ嶼΢΢ζһ£æ֮䣬ҳǬһȫǲͶҽĽࡣ
Ȼһȥûȴץ˼ŻֽЩֽүүҵģֹ֮ʣûʱҶ룬ֻץʲôʲôڹܲãҾͲ֪ˡ
Ĵ߶֮£ҽһѻֱֽӳؽĵ˹ȥ
ǼŻֽһ׷ɵ˰֮Уͷɢ˿һԲȦͣתǵȥ
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ϣߵ淢ˣǼŻֽն赲ؽޱȵĵǵܿ˻ֽ谭ֳһѹ֮ƣǼŻֽʱǼŻֱֽӾȼ䡱һͻһŷɻң˵ϡ
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ҵҢ˺ѦС˻ߵĺȻƺסˣȻ˶
ХĵϣǺıһĸо۵ġ
׼㿪ʱһ̫ͼԾȻҵǰ棬Ҳϵǰƽ
ָܿǵȻײһһΣ̫ͼƺһͷ̫ͼ߽ܿˣҢ˷һƺߵ졣
Ңٴμһ̫ͼȻû̫óǵɳɱ˹
æżһ㣬ǵǳ۾һ㣬ңˡҪЪˡ
͵ΪԼɵʱбͻȻճһɫĳҵǰ棬ɫĳ籡һɫĹײؽĵ棬ʱǵ߽˿ǵɫĹûΪǵͣЪؽȥǵɫĹ߽ǵʱ򣬼ˣƷ˺üͷ


310 ɫ
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ڵϣδʱ򣬵ǵɫĹֱؽȥҿؽһĨ޴ľ֣һΣûеĽ˿ֻͷȥɫĹǱĳһ߹ȥ
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һ֮ǰѽҵǰĲ˵֮ϣԻζѣͬХһֱڶ߻첻
һ̫ˣȻڵϻͷĹ˵ʱȴ⽣˶ûп
ٴתͷʱȴȻ䷢֣һ˲֪ʲôʱƮҵߣȷе˵վ߲Զǰɫ֮ϣƮƮɣ콵һ㡣
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ͷ˵ҶҲ˭۸ģǾû𣿡
һڣŻռ֮Ʈȫ廷Ƶĸоһ֞ųŵĽԼ˵ΪﵽһֵǷ켫ĵزĸ֣ҴûѦλүҲ֮
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˵գؽٴеĽ˿ֻͷͳվڽϵǸͷ˹
ؽһ߰ףٶȺܿ죬û뵽һǿĵȻô֧Ȼ͵ؽͷ׵ʱͷͻȻһֻ֣ؽķңңĳһơ
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˭ԿǰͷΪһֳ뻯ľ磬ڳ˵Уûһ˿ͷĶ֡
ƫƫ˲ģҪϻ
̵ɽӺԤ׵ľӶЩӶʱһɺүӴ˹ɽӻкһﲻ£һϣɱƥ򣡡
ЩӴವƿ죬ӭ泯ͷ˹ȥȻЩӼͷϵʱͻȻסˡ
ƯһɢΣһſŵڰ֮أתͷ΢΢һȵ
һһ뵿ЩƯߵӶʱɢȥЩԾԾԵĺˣǰʮͱӴĻɢЩһźĶᣬҲɽڣֱӳź߰ԶͣЪ
һΣ̵ͷ׷״ӵʧĴɢȥգۼĹɵһ˶ˣЩܵıӶ죬վľֻ⼸ˣֻڵ϶ѡ


311 Ϸ
Щ˶֮󣬺һû˵ȫĿɿڴĿͻȻֵͷ
ʱͷϵǰɫĳֹͣȻȻȵͷı
ʱͷų˹ͻȻ¶һ˿΢΢Ц⣬ʵСޡôܵȪ·ˣ
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һ£죬Ҳ֪οڣ۾ֱĿЩʵ˭ϵң
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һ仰統ͷȣһһ𣬲Ϳ˳ˣͷˣǾҵĸүү
ʱүүȥҵ˼ңȻȥѦλүģֲһֱرϤԭûˣҵĸүү
ͷ˵ҵһʱҵһּһĸоһӾӿ˳
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үүȣҾܰСʱ˴ϵҳͷһĸо
үүǺһЦ֣ҵԴ˵޹ԣˡһүǣôСϱƵģվɣҵжϥлƽ𣬲һֱš
үӵĻվһһЦо񾭲Ƶģû뵽Ȫ·ϻԼˣһһ治ǵù͸ˡ
Ҳ֮󣬲һ飬æʵүүôҲڻȪ·ϣ
ϷȪ·ЩҪģͻȻоһرϤϢǷʬߣԾ͸Ϲơû뵽СӣϷΪүүǺء
˵ţǸүүһ֣ڵϵķʬ߾;ֱ˹ȵУǷʬ·һ飬ǷʬУȻٴδʣ˸ʮֻӡ
һǷʬߣүүŵͷ˵ⷨöûˣǷǷǣǻζ
˵ţүүֽǷʬߵݸңҵĶһҪպãǧˡ
ֽӹ˷ʬߣǸоһһ΢΢ţЩסͻȻ侶ֱֶ˸үүС
үүüͷһЩõ˵Ӧøҵĺ󱲣ҺˣϷˡ
⻰һ䣬ʬߵĹâȻҲ˸ˣҲָīɫүү½Ƿʬ߸ҡ
ҽ˹ʬ߲±ջǬС
һˣʬԾǸһӦûУүүʬ߾ȻܹͨҲ̫аһ
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Һ͸үү˵⻰ʱһԵҢ˺ѦСߵ˵Ĳ֮ߵǵǰ
Ң˳Ҹүүһ񣬹˵л˼Ҿ֮éɽڳҢڴл֪˼ǡ
үүҢһۣ˵ͷ˵ԭéɽˣֲܽȪ·˵ҺéɽŲ֮ԵϷ궼ûڽͷ¶ˣҲ֪Ϸ򴳵ʱ򣬻Сӻû
ҢȻ𾴣ٴι˵֮û˼һ¸Űɣƶġ
Ҳ޷Ϸģҵĺˣ⺢ӵĸү
˻һڣҢ˶˵ͨһ¾͹˵ϣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Ңݼǰǰ׹Сʱ򾭳ʦ˼ҵͷʦ˵˼ǽϵĵһ֣ܵУܹڴһᣬʵҡһݡ
үү˰֣ǺһЦ˵ſھʲôµһڶģ⽭֮ϣ˲żüãƣνˣ죬Ϸɲʲôµһ⽭ϵ飬ϷѾʮûйˡ
ʦһ°κһˣһ˼ҵ䣬ǻĴָ޲ڵģ˼˵µһǿ϶ûˣһݡ
˵ţҢٴαϾϾĸҸүүͷ


312 Թ
ҢүүϹϾƺȾˣ֮˶Ҹүүͷ
үүϵһ˿΢Ц˰֣˵ɡûôĹأһݣϷҲܳܵ𣬱ϾǶġ
үүĿܿѦСߵϣЦе´ۣ˵СѦҵĺ˰ɣ
һʣ˶һ㶣Ҳ֪үүһ۾ϳѦСѦҵĺ˵ġ
ѦСҲŴͣȵ˼ҡôģ
үүһЦ˵һҩζõȥñŶųˡ
⻰˶һЦŵնʱ˲٣ѦСԴҪͷſڱѦҺ˰ݼүӡ
ȻѦС߹£үүһӣʱһɾͳѦСߵȲ˹ȥѦСߵţôҲˡ
Ҫôģȥ鷳ĺܣǶվ˵ɡүֵ
ѦС߹ȥֻգһɵЦҺ֮ǰȫһЩɫķĩӣЩ˵ģҲûԵЩЦ
үӱѦСߵͼڻðɣ
ѦСߵ˵ͷϻ̳Ͽֵ˵˼ҵĸͦõģҼλүһֱ˼ء
ѦСһرر𣬸Ĩ˷ƵģһҾѧ
үү˵ͷһϷ⼸ʮһֱڱչУ£ѦλҲûˣȥ֮󣬰ϷѦλã˵ϷпˣһŰݷá
ѦСһ֣˵⻰һλүүȻϲĺܡ
үүֿңüͷ΢΢ЩĲڣҳԼһʱϵĶߣԭϻһɺɫɷղֻżˣ鶼ˡ
үүһ֣ͻȻҵļϣʱһĪҵӿ룬һĹЩƯĺɫɷʱѹƽ֮УֻҪ˺ѵĸоʱһɨա
ɫɷ»ص֮󣬸үүɫͻȻȻҵСšȥϣ
ڸүүǰǲѵģ˵ͷ
Ȫ·ϣʲô˶ģүүûеطСвһ࣬Ȫ·Ұǳţ»ү
Ҳ˼ͷԴ˵Ŀĸүү˵һ飬ȫΪǸСȲطΪ˾͵Ǳ˰
үү̾Ϣһʵ˰˰ɣ
ٴε˵ͷ
Ҫҵķʬߣǹ»ҰˣСỤ̄ĺˮ챻ˣЩ»ҰҲʬ˲٣ʬߵĳҲﵽһּޣڷʬ߽һԹﵽڣⲻһ飬ڵΪⲿԹ޷ܣȻʱڶʱڽԹΪҲ޷ԿأԹʴʶﵽһ߻ħľأһ߻ħ˭ҲȲ㣬Ѧλүûа취ڵЩԹУûǽ̤ʵһĺãҪ߽ݾֻЩаΪݵġ
үүЩԹĸ˵
Ҳֻͷʾѭүӵ顣
󣬸үүε̾Ϣһٴ˵СỤ̄ڤ֮Ļ̻̣дϷȪ·ϴˣԣϷҲˣǳȥɡ
һүүҪǳȥǼ˶ʱлϲµһͣγŹأ˵ɭֵͷˣҲ̫ġ
ﲻ֪ʲôͻȻʵүүȪ·ʲôѵҲΪ˱˰ģ
үүȴҡҡͷ˵˰ȻǸϷ򻹲Ϊⶫһ˻Ȫ·ֻһ˶ѣСԺ󳤵ģҪ֮ˣϷȵһʱȴȲһԺ·ҪԼߡ
үүѵҵĿǣүүһģֻܹԹԵš
󣬸үүɫˣ˶ɣϷ뿪̲飬ʵǲ˾ˡ


313 꾫
Ȫ·ȷʵļȮȷǲڴˡ
̧ͷȥҢ˺˶ڣϧǣ˴ļ֣ڶԸЩ˵ʱĻȻǵֶ֪
ףΪ˾ҲģתֻصĻᶼûˣľЩⲻȥǷ˼ҵҲ̫һЩ
Ǽ˵ʱȴһ֣ҷ˵ƯӣعȴҲ֪ʲô
ҽ͵ⶫ꾫ڻɢʱ򣬲ôľʧһ־Ԫд棬ղƶǰֵʱ򣬽λֵܵľԪռ˻꾫꾫ǿɻǵģ̿Щ鷳
ʱҢһѽӴ˵˹˵ʦܣֵܵĻ꾫ͽƶɣƶ취
òˣҢΪéɽڵĳϣ֮Ϊó꾫ɻǵ飬ҲֻΪ֪ܹٴֻתĻᣬұİ˲١
򵥵ʰһҽͭǮӵǬڸүүһ˾ͳؽڵ塣
һ·֮ϣҲûһ˵¶棬ǳױүү˵ӡ
֮ߵķɭ֣ݸүү˵ɭͨһǱȽεڣҲ˵Ƚϰȫһ
Ȼүʱ򣬿϶Ǵطߵģ˵ĵط쳣գڤ޺컯͵Ĺﷱ࣬¼ܹǸطߵˣԲᳬˣҲéɽƽڡ
үүȻ·ԼΪ뻯ЩҲ컯͵ĹҲסȥ·Ƕ˵¾Ͳô򵥵ˡ
ʵԴӽŹ֮һֱһ飬ǾߵʱôʲôطȥܴܲӹŹֱӴȥɣ
֪ǹŹֻܽܳſڿʮأ뼴Ǹүү֮ͨܣҲܴŹأүүվǸˣعŹص֮Ĳ̫һЩүүҲͬʱսʮδҲ̫˼һЩ
Ȼүү˵ǳȥҲͲٶʣܻа취ġ
֮ɭһֱǰߣүүƺƬʮϤҪȳ컹ҪϤĻܹǱܿա
һ죬ҵӾЩ㱣ĪľΪЩʱôڤӹͯ׷ϣȴҲ֪ûӳȪ·Ƽˮ꣬һ·ҲϣҲϣҪҹ˺üˡ
ʱұ˰ڤҧʱҲңΪ߱ЩڤӹͯҲضǿŮӣҵлǳ˸мġ
ΪϣһҲ֪ԺûټĻᣬܹټĻһҪʾһл
ɭȻһ԰ȫڣһ޷࣬еصͷˣһеᡣ
Щ޺ЩͷˣүүҲܶ㣬ܶĻŻֽɱ
үЩֻǲͽɱˣҪȻүҲŹؽˣֻҪ룬ȫԽǸĺ¾Ƭײ
ҪһֶľηÿһϣȨȲѣһ£ȥȡԷ
ƺΪֳ̫ĶԵʣɭҲкܶѲߣϴʱҪĶ࣬үӲ֪ͨʲôӦЩĴڣÿֵʱǱȺ˲ЩѰ
Ҳ֪˶ãڳɭ֣סǸ壬˴ڵʱ˴ŴļָǸ
Ң˶ˣޱҪСĽؽǰ˹
ȴЩΪȻһؽĶԾؽµЩ˱˼һ룬ȻؽɽҲҼҸү˵Ĳᣬ겻ȣֲ֮ʲô̫ĶˣҲתֻصʱ䲻ˣҲõؽԼ
ˣҢ˻ǶСģֶ
ҺҢԼѦС߸ŸүүǰȥһγȥҪط׸ˡ


314 ڤ
˵˻ȥʱһЩ𣬵ǵϣͰҲ͵һ˰ģǵȵ֮󣬲ŷҪҵһ˰ǰѣϵһ꣬ҲСġ
Ҫ˵˰ˣҲ᲻ãҲܻҪһգΪôһ˰ô
ɭ֮ұѯүү·ߣүүֻ˵ɭֵľͷһƬڤĵطҪɭհٱǹڤֱӿԽŹأͨڰɭ֣үүǴʲôطġ
Ң˱˵Ǵéɽɽġ
үү˵ͷ˵Ҫǵڰɭ֣ȻԼֱͨӵéɽ硣
үү˼һͬéɽԵɣүүȴǻȥĲһطҪȥĵطڽվéɽҪɽҪͨһطȥéɽĻȥɽĻ·;̫ԶүӲϰִĽͨߣҵû֤
ɿһۣϸһҲǣүүͣһټʮˣ峯ĩˣҲû֤үӱչصʱʮǰʱйոճûãүӿ϶ȥ֤Żһڻ
ȻүִˣҲǿҲȥˣһǸүүһЩԺʲô飬ȥڵĵطҸүүȥһΣһ󷨽֮ڣҵҲѡ
ɭһξ룬ҺѦСԼҢһֱڸүү
ڸүүߵʱҵ۾һֱϵǰѱϻƣҺүү˵ҼүһɫıԨҲүүϱģ
ڸүү󣬺һҲŴŵʵүүϱѱүùԨ
һʣүүͻȻͣ˽ŲϵǰɫԾȻҵǰǰѱâתʮֺÿ͸©һϵİ
үүɫıУ˵ѽԨ꽣ǱүԨƵģҪ˵⽣ү˸ϷƵġ
үүΪʲôүԨأ
ǰѽүһԨԴүһֱϣڣǲκ˵ġүүֵ
үأҺʵ
Ȼʵʱ򣬸үүֳһɫƺЩЩ˸УһЩɫУոүүҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ʵЩ⣬үүҲ޷ش㣬ΪүүҲ֪
˵գүүתȥүڲᣬһ·ǰ·
Ȼүү˵ҲҶʣֻĬĬĸš
ǰ˴ԼʱĹ⾰Ǿͳɭֺ֣һ磬طڳģȫǸֵָʯͷȻֱڳȥһĪĿ־С
ط֮󣬸үүƺҲԵЩطɺڤһʱҲûʲôա
ҲһִΪôһֱȥܳڤȻȴԶǰ򵥡
ߵڤصʱ򣬿ǺڳʯͷһĶͿһֻֻɫǱںڰ֮УΧĻںһ
ʱ򣬸оһɽڻζһˣѹ
գ֪Ǹүүƾеһ꽣ɱһѪ·һ·֮ϣ֪жٺɫޣɥڸүүǰ꽣֮¡
Ҵû뵽һ˾Ȼүү㾳أеǰѽһָܹһɫĹЩɫĹϣֱӾܽǴķѡ
еĳһָϾӿһɾ޴ЩɫĹȻݺݵڵϡ
ѦλүӵĻ˵үʮһ콣һ˺ϴ辭ǰλүүõү洫
õĽУǴ˵е콣ʵҴ۽磬۲ѣлţԼʲôʱܹүүһ㣬һ޵ı£Ժ߽Ļ۸ң
콣һȻʬҰ


315 б
ڤ·;Ȼѿܹоͷģڸүүıӻ֮£ûķ̫ʱ߳һڤ
ǿ·˻Ȫ·Ҹоǲܵ飬ҢڣŵϣҲʮãңڵҢѾؽ϶ˣǻéɽҲҪóһʱ䡣
һֱ֪Ңͨʲô·ǻȥ߳ڤʱұ̲סʳ⡣
Ң˸˵һҲǸʦȪ·ʦ߳ȥģߵĿɲڤһڣǸط϶ûڤգҪߺܳһ·Ҫķһʱܳ˻Ȫ·ƹŹأûڤ·;ҢҲ֪ڤһڣǴ̤벽Ҹүүôһ⣬ҲǴ۽ˡ
ôһڤҢ˸Ǽʶ˸үүı£˼Ǿмӣ鲻ֹ˼֡
Ȼһ·ϣүүƺ£˵ΪһЩү飬ǵ˼ЩãΪΣҲʣֻܸ˼ĬĬš
ڤľͷһºܸߺܸߵĳǽȪ·Ȧߵû·ˡ
ҿ¸ߵĲ񻰵ĳǽʱ򣬸үүȴ˵ҴһȥֻҪŹأǰһ·̾ǺڰɭˣϷֻ͵Ǻڰɭ֣˺ڰɭ֣ǻûʲôˣǱȥ
һ˵ҪûõĸүүֿһЩᣬ;ǧһԺүмĻᣬ㲻ôˡ
үүҢ˵һ˳ǽ
ԼʮɵĳǽڸүүҲСˣһץסҢ˵ĸ첲ȻһԾŲǴֱĳǽͿٱȥʱǺϵ꽣үӵıԾȻһֱƯүӵߣүӵ˫ȵǵһʱ򣬱꽣Ͻ£Ѿվ˸߸ߵĳǽ棬һԾ˳ǽ档
ҺѦСվڳǽ棬һĸүүֶΣٴξȵŴͣôߵĳǽ˵Ͼϣֱڷ߱ڣүΪС
үӴҢ˷Խ˳ǽѦС߲Żͷ˵СţүҲ̫ˣΪǼҵλүӾѾţˣҸүү֮Ҳ֪ʲôˣ죬ţĲҪҪġ
ɽҼλүзû˵Ҫҽλүӿ¼ܼµһҲѦҵλүӡ
ͻȻоеԾأ˼ҶƴҺѦСȴƴүܹҲǲˡ
ѦҵλүӣƺүүҪʮӡ
Ÿүү˳ǽѦСָ˵Сţ˵үүôô̸أҿҼλү˵үıүүᣬǽ콣ڸ㣬Ժ㻹ţ죬ҿǵűȣԺ˭ҪǸ۸ѦϣһĴֱӽʺų
ˣͱ¶ˣΪҸүôţˣǶһһ̤ʵгģ΢ĩı£ƻ콣ĻߣҺмҹ棬úˣԺߣѦôţҽ˭ǰ¼ߣ˭֪Ѧҵҽͨ죬ǡЦŸѦСߵ
˵ʵڵģүү콣ʱҵʮּĺѧ⽣үӼȻû̸ңҲүӽ̣ҵƤûкǸ̶ȡ
ҸѦС߳ƤĿյͻȻ䣬һӰԾ˳ǽ֮ϣƮȻ£ǸүߵҺѦСߵߣҵСŰȵȺƬ̣ȽѦҵĺͳȥһٹ㡣
ӦһȻûʲôѦСȴִⲻϣҪүүҳȥ
үүûиѦС˵ĻᣬֱӼסѦСߵĸ첲żһ棬ͳ𣬲ųǽһ·ϣŵѦС߾ʧ룬Ǹо϶ܴ̼үСӲҪУѲѦСס졣
үбǽͳȥһŹңҲΪ˱ӣҵܹ£飬ŷֻܶλ˼Ҹӵ塣


316 
Ң˺ѦС߶үү͵ʱʣһˣûɵĻһЩĻţܾñʲôǵһͷȥʱ򣬷ЩڳĹʯ֮⣬ʲôûС
ڣðһֵ뷨үү֮󣬾ͲˣֻԼ档
һ뵽飬бЩϰ£һԼզأ
ڤԼûһεˣôߵĳǽҲϲȥԣֻܵ
ȻȫǶ뷨ԼĪӵĹ⾰үүͳ˳ǽ棬ƮȻ¡
߰ɣСţȥ֮󣬺úУյĵطԺĪˣҿϷҲȪ·ϰ飬㣬ҪȻҾ͸þˡүүһεĶҵ
Ӧһүү־ͼסҵļ򣬽ţүүĽżһ棬˱ٿն𣬸үү˫Ųڼֱĳǽ֮ϣһ·Ѷȥͷǰ꽣һֱϹתүүżһ꽣һεķԾ𣬲
ôߵĳǽǺܿ˵棬ķӶߺХҶЩ۾ȥǹ̼ģֲõѦС߻ǰкҲЩȻ
һүӱվ˳ǽ֮ϣͷ¿ȥֻҢ˺ѦС˵ӰоҲȭͷǰС治һĸߣͻȻ;Լ˿ָ֢
ҷӦ󱳱㱻һѣҾͳȥӼٵµ䣬һӾͱĵɤۣүүΪҲһ
ӵ䵽еʱ򣬽һֻ־ץס˵ҵĸ첲ҿүүһֻץңһֻ꽣ڸ߸ߵĳǽ֮ϻһӣ꽣ǽ֮Ħһ·˵ϡ
˫Ųȵʵĵ֮ҵĻûջضֻ˫ȶЩɫѾˡ
ѦСȴƤЦ˵ôСţ̼ɣ
ǵӣƸղҲǸһ³˼˵ҡ
ЪϢƬ̣һعүүѾ꽣ǳźڰɭֵķȥ
˴ڣҢ˵ŹŹػкܳһξ룬طܵĵشôߵĳǽ˵һߣǴ֮Ҳ˵Ͼȥģһǲط֣ǰһξ룬Ǻڰɭֻ֣Ҫڰɭƽȥ㲻ˣ˻ǲſԻéɽ硣
һ뵽Ҫ뿪طȷʵеĹطǼ֮⣬ȫǹ
ڤ֮أ֪£ǺڳģҲ֪ȹ˶೤ʱ䣬ĺĻˣһ˹ŹأǰһƤĸоҳȥ֮˵ʲôҲҪúûţŹػȪ·ĵط治˴ģⱲҲˡ
ͻȻĸĸүүȺˡ
һˣڸүү󣬾ֱźڰɭֵķȥڳǽͺڰɭ֮仹һ·;ȫǺڳأݲһƬߡ
Ƭߵĺϣ˴ԼʱĹ⾰˺ڰɭֵıԵش
͵ǿҪ߽ڰɭֵʱһֱǰĸүүͻȻͶס˽Ųһ˵ˣһܳʲôֱڰɭȥɣϷǵţǿ֪
үͻȻһ˵һʱ֪Ȼ
ҳźڳĺڰɭֿȥûзʲô쳣үӾ֪أ
ûлӦүүתһȻĿǵûУ
Ңǰһһָүүǰƶûзʲô쳣ǲǡ
仰û˵꣬ǰĺڰɭ֮ͻȻһ죬оڰɭƺڻζ
ʮ֮һȻͻȻӺڰɭ˳ȻЩȴһʨӵԴʨ޵ϻһˣһ̣ҵǰ
һʨϵˣҵȱ㲻Ķȷе˵ǰʨϵ˲Ӧó֮ΪˣΪعŹصʮеһ߲ɣ֪﾿жˣǰͺһСɽƵģʵֲǵһϸĿɷΪ˵еĶ֮񣬿һ۱һҪڵϵĳ嶯


317 ˡ
ȻֻһҲͰˣ󻹸߰˸ţͷиĥ̴Сİ師ڵĵǵǰһЩˣҺѦС߱㲻ĵ˴˵϶Ŀ־塣
ΪҢˣҲɫ˲Ұףڶͷ϶亹
Դӽ˻Ȫ·֮󣬳˽ŹصʱֱһЩʱ򣬿ǣһ㣬Ψֱ֮
ǾվǵǰҪԸǵģܲǾ塣
ǣǰĸүүȴ̩ɽվһΨϵǰ꽣һεԾȻͷϣȻ죬ɫĹâתţƴ
Ǹû뵽ǣЩ֮󣬽һϤ״Ӻڰɭ˳󻹸ʮˣվЩԱߡ
ǸϤײǱˣ֮ǰڹ֮ؽ£ǸΪؽɽӡ
СһָǸЩ˵ʥЩ˱ǴģǱظ֪ڸʲôãĶҲǸģУЩ˽ǵĴ֮¾޹ɱǴĲˣʥ
ɽװһģ˳Ƕȸ״
Ҫ϶ƭǸӣǴôܻô˱Ļɢ
ǻ˵˻ڤ֮ȫͬ磬Ǻڰ׷磬ڤ֮صǲܵģͬû֮ǰҲܴڤ֮أһˣͱٻȥ
ףֻҪȪ·һ֣Ǿǲˡһ޴Ĵֻ֣˵ˡ
ɱǣڲǱˣһһعŹصɲ飬ŪȫҪ
õĽǱǱɱ֮󣬴ڻȪ·ϵȴһֻתĽֱӴĻɢó
үүһʱĴվ˻ˣºˣɽӾȻܣôסǵȥ·ǲǻ·
֪ˣαصɽӾ͸ñĻɢ
ʱѾ͸Сӣ޲ý̻ˡ
ʨϵеָ̳˹ſڱǺôĵӣҲҴڤ֮أǿ֪³ô
һſڣӴ첻ڶ쳣𺳣һҪڵϵĳ嶯
û˸˵վǰĸүүҲûֻǰɽͦͷϵǰ꽣Ϲҫ
ûлӦ񵱼ŭˣҺȵ˰ͽ£Ѻظź򣡡
һ£ʱ߳߰˸ţͷڵĳ˹
ҺѦСԼҢŵæˣϵķó治֪Щֲ
ȻʱվǰĸүүͻȻͷ˽Щţͷ嵽ǰǰͷ꽣ʱһĿâಡһ¾ͳŵǰһ˹ȥ
ڽһ̣үү˻ߵźǿߣ뿪˴һ˺ڰɭ֣ǾͲ׷ˣϷţСţţһҪúУҪûҵ
˵ͬʱҿɫȻײһţͷľ޸֮ϣ⽣ϵ쳣磬Ȼײľ޸֮󣬾ȻŽײ˳ȥ
үүһǰ꽣ٴС
үүЩԵУ˵˿һʲô飬Ҹղүү˵ֿǣڸҾһ㣬ҪԼסЩ
һ̣ҵһѽʬߴ˳ҪȥЩƴ
Ҵ޺үүҲߣҪһҪһߣ
˵գҾĳȥһ̣ҵԴһȣҲ˲úˣҵоֻһͷҲøүүΪȥҲܣ
үүҵˣôĶһ˲ܡ
Ȼ͵ҪЩʱҢ˺ѦСͬʱסˡ
Ң˱ߵ˵Сš㲻ȥȥҲﲻʲôæǸϽ뿪ǰòȡһЩߵʱ䣬ǵˣһ˶߲ȥ
Сţ߰ɣүүĻٲ߾ˡѦСҲסҵĸ첲ƴš


318 Լ˶Ҷ
֣ǧ
Ң˺ѦСƴҵ֣үѾٴסǰϹ⻷Ƶ꽣øүүߺһɨǧ
еǰɫһնһɫĽӽ֮籡һˣӶȥǼİˣڷΧ֮ҺҢ˵ˣҲܵǿ׷ױƷڵأź˼Ȧͣ
ŸүүЩţͷҲ˴վȣһ㵹˹ȥǰЩţͷĻظүүһȥǰ˱Ѿķˡ
ȥµʨҲܵ˾ţǰ㣬һܾ֮˻
ⳡ̫𺳣Щ˼飬ţͷĿһֱǲַϣôԸԣһа塣
ǣүүȴˣһʮָߵĸԣе꽣͸Щƴ
նһ콣еɨǧ֮󣬸үүתͷٴθȵߣ
үүǹɫұӼᶨ벻ߣĲߣҷŲ¸үүһ
ҷս˷ʬߡ
ƺоȣǷʬĩ˵Сٴ˸ЩΣһǶǹǹʬ߾пǵҸƴˣ
һҧĿ죬촽ҧˣһſھ³һѪĭӣеķʬ֮ϣʬһմȾҵѪͱЩ΢΢ˣ΢ţһĪӷʬдҵϣٴ澭Ҹоҵٴθȼһ㡣
ŭһȾͳŸүүķ˹ȥǸһ̧ţ͸оŸһͷʱ򣬾ȻѦСһ˵ϣıסҵһȣе˵СšϿ߰ɣ˵ǣҢ˶ҸǶ֣ٲ߾ˡ
ɿŭ˵
ҲţѦСߵ۾Щˡ
Ȼȴ˲ЩֱѦСߵӾͿʼŸүүķȥڴʱһֻȻҵĺϣʱһתոЩɫɷʱɢ֮Уһ͵˵ϡ
Ժתͷʱ򣬷ָղųҺĳһƵҢˣһѽҵסѦС˵뿪ֻҪ˺ڰɭ֣ǾͰȫˣǰΪͨ죬㲻ЩĶ֣Ҳ취뿪ֻҪ뿪ˣǰܷġ飬Ҫ
˵գҢҵͳźڰֵһ첽ȥѦСǳӸӸ˳ֱҾͿٵĳźڰɭֵķȥ
Ң˸ղĵһĳéɽطҵʶֻģһСͱȴģûһ˿ſ˵ûˡôҲ뵽Լ˻Ҷ֣ȻǣҢһƣ׽ҸȦˡ
㣬ұҢ˺ѦСڰɭȥٶȺܿ졣
˵Ҳ޷ΨĿڵѪ
ҵԴһֱţʱĸүүѾ߰˸ΧסˣЩо޴İ師ڳŸүүţǰ師趯֮ʱѿ졣
ȻүүʱҲǴȻôΧţŪ˺ô죬һɫĹĽ籡ЩţͷķɳԶʱеĳһָϱܹѿһ޴ĿӣӿӵӿЩֱӶķ
ұҢ˺ѦСߵ˺ڰɭʱ򣬵ǺڰɭֵϿͻȻ۳һƬɫڻк¡¡졣
ڤ֮أȻܴף
һҶİûȿүүһʲô˾Ѿ˺ڰɭ֮С
ҲܿүүӰֻл첻ĺɱڶ߹
үүһ֮ȫǸʨϵ߰˸סˣȡܵʱ䡣
ȻûԤϵǣЩˣɽӴʮͻȻһط׷˹һ׷һǸϽͣ¡
ЩһǺ޵ҪǸܣѾƽڰɭˣүүǱҿ϶ǻزȥˣǿЩ׷ĺˣǿɶɽӣҶʱɱģǾԲŹǵġ


319 л
ҶѾ׷ɽӺЩˣҢ˺ѦС߲ûз֡
Ң˺ѦСһ·񱼣Ҫ뿪˲ú׷ɽӵˡ
ߣȻûʲôģһٶصңҲܹɡ
¼Щ׷Եʣ˵ٶ죬һٱȥ߰·˺ѾүүЩƴ졣
ߣһܳȥôԶ·ҲЩߣҢˣ֮ǰؽ˵Ĳᣬһ߿񱼻һ߿ԣʱʱĻ³һЩѪĭӡ
ɽӴʮԽԽ󣬻ʮ׵ľ룬Ѿʼˣ׳˰Ң˺ѦС߲ҪߣҪЩ˵͵ϮʵЩǱ
һ·ĵϽЩ߶ʼҢµķӡ
Ƭܹ֮˵ˣӻģû̫æҢ˵Ңˡϵķӡ⿪ȥǸ˺ڰɭ֡
Ңһ㶣û뵽ԼܹһЩϵķӡܿؾҵڻܽ⿪ϵķӡһҸ⿪ˣСܻȥô죿ҲĿȥ
ಡƿ죬ͻȻͷϷɹüޣҵϵҢˣ㻹ǰҽ⿪ɣȽЩ˵
Ңһţһٴ˵ƶ⿪ҲУҪӦƶһ飬Ǿǲ۷ȥˣҪȻƶҲ⿪ġ
ѽ
˵ţߵѦС߷һƺߣһԵ˵ϣҲ˵ڵأѦС߿ȥʱ򣬵ǼСϴ˿һѷɵͣðѪ
۵ѦС졣
ҲԥȥˣֻôӦҢ˵˵ðɣҲȥҽ⿪ɡ
ҢҲͣӣĿһ֮һٴҵϡ
һ֮Ң˾ͰγϵɫЩӭȥ
˵һ󣬶ʱһƬоֳ
վһ۵ڵϵѦСߣеС߸磬û¶ɣ
û¶Ƥˣ˲ǣҪҢ˵ĻǧҪٻȥˣǺòײӵ
˵ţѦС߾ͽϵǰѷɵ˳óҩƿ˿һЩ˺·һ鲼˿ڼ򵥵İһ£վ
ѦСߵҽǾǴģԼԼ˾˿֮󣬺ܿվĳӸӣͳЩ˳˹ȥ
ǱҢѾɽӵ˴ʮˣֱӽҢΧС
ɽǴһҲŹǾ
һһ⣬ؽΪûгڴ˴
ұҸүүһĳˣŲ˰ɣ
Ҳû˼ȥ˼飬ȽһȺ˽˵ҪȻǻһβƵĽǣҴ粽С
һоһµ֮ӿһжָ
һΣҽͭǮ˳ĶһעͭǮϣͭǮ΢΢ķһ˿â
׼ЩɱȥʱͻȻߴһಡƿ죬һ
æ̧ͷȥͷϾȻһʮ˱ǹȫǳ߹ġ
֮䣬æһԶ㿪˼һǰһô棬Щǹ˵ϣһԼҪ⴮ˡ
ʱ򣬸ӱߵ鷢ˣԶĲݴһһȺˡ
ЩǱˣڰɭеһȺŴԴļһһʼڰɭֵʱ򣬾ȺѲĶ֣Ǵò˳ȥû뵽ٴڰɭʱȺùߵġ
ºˣ׷ǰ滹Щڰڤˣлһ鷳
үү˵ǽ͵ڰɭ֣ȻԼȥģǸүүڣǿ϶õЩһļһֻҪүүһ֣ȻŵЩڰڤƨϧǣڸүүڣЩסˣˣҸоǳ֡
Щڰڤ֮УҺܿҵһϤףЩڰڤ˵죬ǸʹļһҲ
ڰʹжʮڰڤˣ߱


320 תì
ôô磬ʲôù¶ˣһڤ֮УΪһж˳뵽ĵù¶ȫˣû뵽ģҲӶķЩֲ
˵Щڰڤû¶ʲô֣Ѿҵġ
ʹŶʮڰڤһ֣һȺһ㣬ֱӴӵϽЩǹ˳Ң˺Щ˼Ͷ˹ȥ
ΣڴңѦСкС߸硭Сİڰڤˡ
ҵ˵ЩڰڤеıǹһԾ˰գͳȺͶ˹ȥ
һЩڰڤˣЩƺҲЩη壬׷׶Ң˺ѦСҲŵ˸طͳҲطСŹˡ
Щ˴һٴ׷ߣЩڰڤ˸˭˭һģֱͨɱҪԸǣҲһԸЩˡ
ʹһȺڰڤ˵Ң˺ѦСߵǰ
ѦСߺҢס˽Ųͣʮ׵ĵطȻʮ׵󣬱Щˡ
ǣЩɵ࣬һɱôˣһųȥǰʹŭյ
Ǻ֮һɽӣǰʹһ֣˵λڰɭֵ죬ղŶлˣˣ۸ǣҲɱǺöˣǱģ֣Щնɱ㿴ΣģЩ˵ʬҶţôԶУ
Ҳɽ治Ǹͷʦó䣬ոոЩҪЩڰڤԸǣĶð˿졣
ʲôˣΪʲôҰʹأǰʹָɽӵ
죬ǴӻȪ·Ĺǰ׽Щ˽ڤ֮صĴˣЩ˵ǣɱǲУɲǸˡɽֵ
ʱͻȻһƣĴǿòĴ˳Ңߵһ𣬻ǰʹ˻֣Ц˵ðʹ죬ּˡ
ǰʹһңʱһҧгݵ˵㣬Ҳˣ˰ɱ࣡
˵գЩڰڤһѷҪ߳
˫֣ǰʹ˵ʹ졭֣֡Ҹ˵
ǰʹһ֣סЩڰڤ˵жҵͷʲô˵ģ
ЦĳŰʹ˵ʹ죬ɱЩ˺˵˵ûɱǵˣֻҪϵΣϵζˣʮأϣȥ·϶ɸģǸȥ˰
֮ǰҢ˵ЩڰڤͷԼ򵥣֫ܺúŪ֮ǰҲʶʵﻹʲôΣҢϽеҲǣ˵ȫΪתìܣЩڰڤȥԸЩˣǺóûѡ
ɽһ˵ʱ߳ŭߵ˵λ죬Сź˵˵ȥǵˣȫǻڰףߵǷǡ
ǰʹ˶ԴתˣһңһЩˣʹԴ
ͼӻ˵ʹ죬Ĵ֪ԵǶʮξϣŵĻԴѣһ׼ܹҵ
һ˵ǰʹתˣһָЩˣ˵Ͻθҽ
ɽӶˣ˵ʹ졭ûǵΣ˭Ҫ˵ٻ׺䡭
ϣǵΣҪɱǣʹ죬ҪС˰ǻ˵ҪϵءѦСҲһԴֵ
£ǰʹʱͲסˣԹԵİνȻɱǡ
ûаɽӼˡ
ɽӰѻ˵ʹȴʧȥԣһӣȫץ˱Źһ˳ˡ
˵Уǰʹʹʮڰڤ˳ɽӵ˹ȥҲ߰˸ڰڤ˳˹
ܿ죬ʹǻڰڤ˾͸ɽӴĺ˴һš
Ң˻ĵĳһЦһĴָһֵܣ
ʱܣʱȾܣƹǼǵĺڰڤˣźڰɭȥ
һܣǼڰڤ׷еıǹߺХ


321 ȫɱ
ǰʹûתɽӴĺ˴һƬȣȿ񱼣ŻķȥԾ߰˸ڰڤ׷ᣬеıǹҪǮƵͶվ
ˣһֱȥ˴Լ·̣ǰʹɽӵ˵Ĵˡ
ȻΪѾ˰ʹɽӵľʱ׷ŵЩڰڤ˵ͻȻһֵ죬׷ĳҰʱĶһʼǲΪȻǹƬ֮ǲԤϵͷˣǰ֮УͻȻ˼ڰˣűǹͶסǵȥ·лƣǵǰ档
ڰɭҲ̫ƽоǻȪ·ϻҪգΧ׷½أӭǼڰڤˣһҧһߵҢ˺ѦСߵǲˣЩڰڤɱ˵
һʼʱҲûЩڰڤ˵ĽкΪҰʱĶʵȫˣǺһ㺬壬Ǿкǵͬһͬɱǡ
ڰɭ֮УҲ֪׻жĺڰڤˣǼǰܵĻܹǰЩڰڤˣЩڰڤ˵ĽкΧǵĺڰڤ˻ԽԽ࣬ʱǱؽڰڤ˵֮УʱɱһѪ·Ͳˡ
Щڰڤ˵ʵ֮ǰʶʮѲǲãӲĸƵģһһÿһڰڤˣֵܵһΪ㲻ߡ
ֻнǰЩڰڤȫɱˣǰ·ǲŻһЩ
ͬʱһһ飬Ǻڰڤ˵Ҫǵ֪ƭʱ׷Ǿ鷳ˣԣǱҪսپٵĽǰЩڰڤˣȻɱΧһ˻Ǿ̫ƽˡ
֮Ң˺ѦСߵ϶ֳһɫȫֳһɱ
Ңϵǰɢı˳Ųһ٣תɱ׷ǵЩڰڤˣѦСҲͳ˳Ӹӣ˳ȣҲվһ׼ӭսӺڰɭ֮ͻȻðǼڰڤˡ
ʱҲһѽͭǮǬг˳תͷߵѦСɫС߸磬鷳һ飬һҿҪڷӡ»ҰԹҸүү˵пܻ߻ħҪһҿƲסԼʱͰæһ취ҴιȥҾҿƲԼʱ򣬻˵Ңˡ
ѦСתͷһۣЩ˵СţɱҳˣԹʱؽĸֶˣƾңƵͱɱˣȰ㻹ǲҪԹĺã߻ħҼλүӿҲûа취
ˣǱսپҪȻ˭Ҳ߲ȥղǼͰˡ
ѦСٴſڣѾͭǮָʼͨѪķʽ߶֮еȻѹڵеǹǿԹǣ
һΣûжþѪΪ̫˵Ѫ䣬¾ѪԹָ̫࣬ǰһ㣬һѵĿʹЩܲסֻһԣԼϵͨѪܲܽѹڵ֮еԹһùһЩ
û룬ҸոѪķʽ߶˵еȻ䣬ӵ֮ļһǿһ¾ͳ˵ٵ澭Ȼɢÿһ缡
ֹüⱻ˺һʹٴγӶһ¾ͱһۻ
ʱڰڤѾǺܽˣѦСߵһͳ˳ȥеǸӸӣͳһͷڰڤ˵ȥǺڰڤеĹӣһ¾ײѦСߵĳӸӣ˴Ӹһ˳ȥ
Ҹоҵ۾ЩˣΪǰЩڰڤпһѪɫֵɱ⼤
һ̣޷ƵĺɫɷԹ߶ɢҵٴһɺɫɷ
ɱȻһѪȵ¾ʼ
ҿ׼ǰǸѦСһӴɵĺڰڤˣκİεضһԾϸߣٶȿľǹһ㡣
ǰǺڰڤٴξеĹӣͭǮѾߣ׼ĿѣһͺݺݵĴ˹ȥáڡһͷѵ죬еͭǮѾǺڰڤ˵ࡣ


322 㻹ϵ
ǺڰڤһҴһ͸һ˫Ŀ۾ңǿʼаɫѪҺʳȻеĹӻһ߸߾Ķû
ҳǼȥĺڰڤ¶һЦݣеͭǮ͵һתֱӽǾ޴ˣֱʱǸߴĺڰڤһųźɵȥ
Ǻڰڤ˵ȫ̱ڵϣֱӴϱһڰڤɱ˹ȥ
ʱڰڤ˷ӦٶȵͦģеıǹֵͼסеͭǮȻͷļһﻹǵ͹ҵʵ뵽ֻôأҳֻô졣
еͭǮֱ֮£˲նǺڰڤŵıǹͭǮǺڰڤ˵ϣӲֱӽǺڰڤ˵Դ룬׻ԽӶɽ˳ڶڰڤʬ
һնɱڰڤˣһĶһǳɣһˮ
үү˵ǰ㣬һѹڵеԹҵΪһ¾ͱνʵַ߻ħѾ΢΢ҵЩˣеǹɱŨһҪһеĸо˭Լĳˡ
ͬʱҵԺﲻϵĻֵʱҵ龰ĿĹ»Ұҷӵƴ˺ңѵѰ
ڵԹЩ»Ұʬתɵģʬ߳زôԹתƵҵϣһǿĸϢһԵĞųӰҿʼĲбѪһԼ޷ƵʱԹͻռҵʶǿռҵ壬ұħһʰ
Ȼʮһ㣬ȴ޷ٿƴ˿̵ɱ¾֮ġ
ڰڤ˱˲ɱ֮󣬺ڰڤ˳ӭǵǿԼֱͬһɱһ˲ҵʱЩԵļһҲֳһĨ־ɫ
⼸ڰڤ˳ҳұӭǱ˹ȥͷһڰڤǹҵĿڴ˹΢΢һ࣬˹ȥŻƣǺڰڤ˵ؿںݺݵ˹ȥ
ƣ֮ڸգͣéɽ֮أүľѧһħ֮ĳĵһƣһǺڰڤ˵ؿϵʱܹعѵ죬Ȼ󣬻ܿĺ󱳹һȫѹ˺ϣǸڰڤ˱ڿն𣬳źһôݺݵײ˹ȥӻʱûκϢͦĲͦˡ
ЩƤĺڰڤˣһνʱǶôѲ˿ħʱЩڰڤ˸ܲסһУһ֮ھͽɱ
͵ҽǸڰڤһʱһڰڤеıǹͳҴ˹ǰһеͭǮһǺڰڤ˵İֱֻǱǹһһĲҽУǲҽֻü˰ٴƴҵС֮ϣǺڰڤ˷ɳȥԶҲûϢ
һڰڤֻ׵ľ룬һɲһתͷܡ
һڰڤˣһɱĸڰڤ˳ױŲˣɱĸڰڤˣܹҲͻʮӲʱ䣬²Ź֡
ǵתһɲǣеͭǮ˳ȥͭǮ־ǣ֮£һâಡһʹǺڰڤ˵ؿ˹ȥȻǰķ˳ֱӲ嵽˲Զһôϣû˴룬ʮָ͡
ڹԵĴ֮£Ǻڰڤǰ߰˲һͷԵ˵ϣ
һ־ǰͭǮѶַɻҵС
ʱҸо˺ܶ࣬ǹԹҵʹһɱڰڤˣõй˿ҵɱ𾢶ǹܵɱͷԹ֧֮£еͭǮҲ΢΢ķƺҲЩδ
תͻȻͿվһԵѦСߣĿңСĲʵСšС߸硭㻹ϵ𣿡
룬ѦС߿϶ΪѾЩ߻ħˣɱ˵ֶ׺ݣҲˡ
ʶѵģֻɱŨѣûио̫쳣ѦСߺٺһЦ˵ôʶ㣬ȲҪһܳŵס
˵գұתͷҢǱߣ߰˸ڰڤҲնɱ֮µҢ˺Ҳˡ


323 ɫ
֮µҢˣܹͬʱԸôڰڤˣҲΪˣοİ֣ҲǸūؽĲҪɢˣҪȻҢҲǱ
ҢǱĿһ֮˵Ңˡ쵽Щڰڤ˽ˡ
Ң˿϶Ҳעߵ״ұħ֮ʵֱ˵ĲǼٻҲЩֵסˣնһܿЩΧߵĺڰڤˣ߾ͱ˹
ЩڰڤһҢҪܣôܷŹһѷľ׷˹
ȻȫҵĴڣǸղֻŶԸҢˣûע⵽һɱͬ飬ǰЩڰڤˣҲҪĴۡ
˲Ҳˣұɱ֮ɱ˲ĵؽ硣
ҢϾҪҽǰʱһεĽͭǮ˳ȥͭǮҵͷ֮ϣһָǣͭǮâ䣬ٴλһâЩ׷ĺڰڤ˷˹ȥ
ͭǮɳȥһңһֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮÿǰƶһңʮͭǮͭǮɵЩڰڤ˵ߵʱѾССüٵɢŽͭǮЩڰڤ˵һɨ
Щĺڰڤˣһǹɨһ㣬ӲסĲһͭǮֱӾʹɸӡ
֮Щڰڤһʬð̣ɫѪҺһ
һָɢڸͭǮֱǣ˻»һͭǮҵС
ʱѦСѾ˹ʼѪֹҢ˰˿ڣҢ˵Ĳᣬһܴɫֲ԰˼֣ЩǵĿҵСšǳ֮ơħǶһһħľأⱲӾˡ
Ң˵ĻжʱһɷУҲðһ˿ɱ⣬ô˭ƾʲôңתͷҢһۣ˫ѪɱȻ
Ң˵ɫ䣬ٴ˵Сš㲻ᡭ
һǿѹзǹŭ𣬿ʼЩҸղΪʲôͻȻð뷨ȻɱҢ˵˼ħѾʼҵ˼ˣҲܱħƣܣ
ڻħȥʱΪڻûΣգڰɭ֮Σķգ֪ʲôʱֻᷢԤϵ飬߳ڰɭ˵ϵɡ
ţֿ֮ʼӿһһɵʼײҵ壬нʹĺɫɷ
ҴڵĴϢţɱˣǰѾʬ壬ûʲôɱˡ
ʱͻȻ䣬һԶŲۻڶͻȻڰɭֵϿգ벻
ʲô
ȫ̧ͷȥʱͿ˲˼һĻͷϵĺڰɭ֣ڵĲ֮ϣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼһɫľͷֹ
ҵš
лصͼڣǧǧ˵ǶĴˡ
Ϊֻ񻰴˵ϰն׫Ķǰɫľνͣ
ڤ֮ϣҼ̫Ĳ˼飬ɫľҼΪ𺳵Ķ
ǵϸʱɫľģĶֲȫҼǵͷ϶ǵģֻһֻǣԿȥЩ̫ʵЩΣǸëľ
ǳͷϳһֻ֮⣬ɫľĵط˵еûʲôϺۼףâ貣צӣԴϳӣ˶ȻźԶҲܹģ
ɫľڿзһŸ£ҿǵʲô߿һСڵ㡣
ؾЩţͷɡЩأ
һ뵽Ȼһѵ˵Ǹүүģ
Ҷʱһ񰡣Ҳ̫˰ɣүӾȻܹһڳԸЩöô͡
һɵ㶵վĻҢ˺ѦСߣǿڵĲϵ۵𾪺Ͳ˼飬ͬʱȫŴͣѦСȶӶڷҪһ㡣
ⳡ𺳣κ˿ĸеһͶأĤݵĸоΣܹһۣⱲҲǰ׻ˡ


324 ּëʬ
ͷɫľצһ֮쳣𺳣ҺҢԼѦС߶ɵˣһʱ䲻֪ʲô顣
ãͷŵɫӦǸүүŪĶΪڶԸЩ
үүŪǴ㽫ڤ֮ؽ췭ظĽࡣ
лͼڣһʥĴڣĳ֣ɸүү˲ɹԮʮ棬Ҳס
һʼһĸүүᱻ׽סοȫǶˣүүΪҿЩصİʵûչֳ
㶵Ŀͷһʱ˼֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãҢͻȻһ˵һԨǽзӡһ꣬һټʮǰ̾սʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ԩзӡ걻ͷ˳ʱİܶӭͷʹǡղǰ˵еǰѽԨ꽣ôأ
Ҳʮɻ󣬲¶ֻиүү֪ˣֻҪүүƽ£ܹӳЩΧԺеǻ
Ǵ˿̵Σķڴ˵صˣҷӦ˹˵߰ɣȻүү˳عЩһˣӳڰɭ˵
ҵĻǶˣɵͷѦС߲˵Ңˣǿ첽Żķȥ
ԴҴӵ֮нԹ֮һֱǺɷڣȻԹղɱ˼ڰڤ֮󣬵õһЩͷţ֮ȴЩʹоԽԽˣһһɵڳҡ
Ǹ˼ͻȻһ飬Żͦһξ룬ʱ֮ڣ»ǵĺڰڤˣǰʹ巴Ӧ֮󣬱Ȼڰɭ֮еĺڰڤΧǣʱ϶ʮ鷳
ŵڵЩɱǵĺڰڤˣðһ뷨ǾܲܽЩڰڤŪɽʬǰ·أ
Щڰڤ˻ܹǵֵһ
֮ǰéɽƹЩȥĺڰڤˣܹһڰڤʬ
ħ壬Ϊܹòٺڰڤ˻ʬ
һҲԽһԹתƵЩڰڤ˵ϣҪȻһ϶޷ԿˣڵʶʼЩ
뵽ҽŽéɽǬ˳˼־עéɽ֮ϣǹȵĺɫɷһƮéɽ巢һ죬Ǽʬ廹õĺڰڤ˵ʬʱ΢Ļζ
ѦСߺҢ˿֪ͣڸʲôɵȫͷҡ
Щڰڤ˵ʬéɽ΢ζ˵ɫ󾪣ѦС߾Сţʲôأ
ѦСߵĻһ䣬еéɽͣţ˼һĻͷˣڵϵʮߺڰڤ˵ʬͻȻ߰˸ӵϵӿʼҵĶ
˵ע֮£߰˸ڰڤ˵ͻȻһЩϸܵĺëȻЩëԽԽоǣЩڰڤ˵ﶼ˳ָȴʮףžʮֿɲ
ڡëʬҢٴεһ˵
ʵҲϵЩʬ֮ʬʲôëʬҪҢ˵ҿ϶ΪЩڰڤֻǷͨʬ䡣
ⳡ棬ҲЩţүү˵Ϊֻͬʱͨʬ巢ʬ䣬ΪͨĺëʬԴһȦʬߴԹ֮Ժ󣬵ħ֮ʱΪ֪һʱ˶ٱȻܹ߰˾ߺڰڤ˵ʬɺëʬʵҲֲ̫һЩ
Щڰڤ˱ҴĲȱȫܹվɺëʬĻࡣ
߰˸ëʬ֮󣬾վǵߣҢ˵ƶǿˣƶΪéɽڵĳϣʬһӽҲûа취ôʬͬʱʬ䣬Сɵľܹ
Ҳø⡰ʲôöŪþͻ߻ħʱҲ˵ֻǸǵ߰ɣЩëʬǿǰʹҲˣǻ뿪ڰɭֱ֣
ٴοһЩëʬ׷׵ͷ߰ɡ


325 
ˣ߰˸ëʬٴֱ̤·̡
һ·֮ϣҶζéɽ壬ٿЩëʬһ·ǰУȻһ·֮ϲ̫ƽʱʱľðһЩĪ޵סǵȥ·ħ֮£ûзйڣЩֱӱñͭǮɸӣЩҲٿصЩëʬȥһ˻ƣж˿顣
ɽӺͰʹɵ֮⣬һ·֮ϻǱȽ˳
˵ٶȻǱȽϿģڵİʹɽ׷һֱǼǰƬ̵ĵ顣
һ·ǰ˴Լĸʱ֮ۿԶһƬ죬޵ķ⣬Ǿ֪ŻӦòԶˡ
߰ʱұܵһǸطǾǰȫˣЩ˲̤Ǹڡ
ĽһǸط˲ɢҲֹЩǰӳȥڣڰʹЩڰڤ˸ҲҽҾͲö֪ˡ
ۿٽжһϲڿطˡ
Щӣÿ춼ĵԴڿϣҪһ飬Ͳ֪˶ٻˣԣ˰Ȼ֣վС
һ뵽ܹܿ챼棬ů⣬ϤˣĶǻϲǱʲôá
Ǹ˹ͷˣּܻǿҪʱͷͻȻһߴߴĽʮӣĳִĽ˸Իֲ̧̿ͣͷȥͷͻȻһȺ˵Ҳ߰ʮֻЩչ֮ɶ೤ѹѹһƬͷϵոǵʵʵһƬһ㡣
ҢһЩɫáЩкʮ־йԣһ̾ںڰֵߣôء
Ң˵Ļ䣬мֻ߸۾һжʱȻЩϴ˿ſһڰڤˣһ˱ǹɷ˵ͽеıǹͶ˹
ãЩڰڤ׷ˡѦС߾ֵĺһҢ˳ŲԶһô˹ȥҺҿ㵽Ǳȥ
͵Ң˺ѦС߸ոն㵽ǿôĺ棬߰˸˱ǹͶЯķֱǿô֮ϣ졣
̧ͷʱҲмֻ˹
ЩЩԴʮռ˴۾ȴǻƶǰСɢŶ񶾵׹⡣
ںϵĺڰڤҲеıǹͶ˹
ղֻ̧ͷȥͷĺûüѦСһڴĺ档
ЩܼͶıǹһҿסЩڰڤ˻Ľʬ
Щǹںëʬ֮ȫ˳ȥ̴ܴëʬʬ塣
ΪǺëʬѾЩĽʬˣӲǹ룬Щľͷɵıǹ͸˲Щëʬˡ
ҶЩëʬм䣬Щëʬ£һ𣬽Ұȫǡಡƿ˺ëʬϣȫ˳ȥ
лмֻǾ޴צץסëʬļҪǴϣȻٶˤЩ϶뵽Щëʬ˵ǹ֮⣬һΪͻص㣬ǾһΪëʬ֮ӻĳأЩܽЩëʬ
ҳ϶ſ˼ֱ˺üֻЩ̵ЩĶϣЩ̵ǵԴϣЩֱӽǷצӸ
ҳֺֿݣȴֻһֻҴŵĺӵ֮⣬ȫҽ·ա
ЩͬˣңֻǿЩڰڤеıǹҽѹơ
û뵽ǣЩԴȱĺڰڤˣȻܹЩϮǣҲ̫ɵ
ҪЩеٶȺܿ죬׷ǣѾˡ
ͲôһǰЩڰڤ˶סȥ·
ǰͷֹƺΧĺڰɭ֮лһٵĽŲһЩطۼ
϶ǰʹʶҵļıЩڰڤ˶ǷģΧˡ
ȴҲ֪ɽӵ˵ЩһĺڰڤˣǶǵҲɽӴĺ˱ʹ˸ɱҲδ֪


326 թ
ô˵ǱЩڰڤ˼ԦĺͨıԵش޷ǰһˡ
ǺһӾ˵˺òץסһľͷۿžҪϰߵʱˮͻȻðһ㣬˲ˮһ㡣
ֶĵ飬Щڰڤ粻ƫƫϾҪˣͻȻʹͷð˳Ǹһ䲻⡣
˿̣Ң˺ѦС߶ǿŴִľ棬ʱ㰲ȫ
˿̵ȴʸ֮ģͷЩҪһѷȫ˹ҺҸղŻǣǼߺڰڤ˵ʬéɽŪ˺ëʬҪȻ͸ñЩڰڤñǹ˴⬡
£ЩԽԽ࣬ѹѹһƬȻЩëʬܹҵֵһȥҲǰ취ұҪɱһѪ·ֻҪܹưΧȦֱǾǻصϼˡ
ٴνͭǮһ˳֮еתȫĵĺɫɷʱһȫͭǮϣȻ䣬ҽͭǮͷһȺѹѹĺ˳ȥ־ĬͭǮٴιâ˸Хֻɳȥһױ㻩ķɢͭǮʮͷϵĺɢȥ
ŽԽԽ࣬һʱֻϣ͸ٺ϶еĶＸʮ
ЩͭǮǴ͸Щ壬ûͣЪ洩̶ʱ䣬ʮֻͭǮնɱ׷׵˵ϣɫѪҺɥ
ǺϵĺڰڤˣЩҲѣֱӱ©ףڵϵʱѾˡ
Щʶ˱ͭǮֻͷһôͬ飬׷ŵľʧ룬ҪѸٵ뿪Щײһ𣬴Ӱ֮е
Щʧ֮ʣٴһαͭǮ󣬶ЩнɱȻһεûеһδ󣬵һֻ߰˵ϣҪôҪô˲𣬵˺ѹѹĺʬ塣
ʣµЩ֪ҵҲҶڴ˴׷׳ɢȥ鼱䣬ںϵĺڰڤ˴Щϵˤһ̯ࡣ
գۼĹЩɢ˶ʮʬ˵棬ˣҲĽͭǮ˻Щëʬ۲ΧĶ
ʱҢ˺ѦС߲̤ЩʬͱҵǰҲЩëʬм䣬ѦСһ˵Сţ鷳ˣҺҢ˸ղ￴ܶڰڤ˳߱˹Բ٣ιڰɭֵĺڰڤȫˣǸΧˣ˵զ죿
ˮڣ£ɱһѪ·ŻԶˣն˵
ѾΧˣϽϵı˰ν˵ȫʬ˵Щ죬ϸһɽӡ
ѵȥڰɭ֮ͻȻŰӵˣͷıɽӣһ̣ļŰӵﶼŹͷ
ղɽӴŵĺǴ·ģȻֻһڿ㣬ĳǵǰʵ˷ѽ⡣
ɽӴ³֮ǰʹҲŶʮӺڰڤ˳ɽӵ
ֹƬ̣˷һֳ˺öڰڤˣֱӽǸΧһԲȦ֮С
͸һߺëʬɽӿȥүģ治Ҫƨɾܳˣô˵Ҳһͷɣ
ɽ˵㾹ȻҺͰʹĹϵΪ֤ǵףǶ·ˣһҲûУҪðʹĳ
ȥɽӻܻĳȥݵĸһŹƵģ˼ƨɡѦСһ
թɵ࣬Ȼƭңҽ׽סһȫſˣǰʹҲŭָ˵
ɵñ˵ʲôţñƭϽүҪȻһȫˣҲŭ
ɱǣʹһӣʱΧߵĶٸڰڤһ𷢶˽˹ǺôƣҿҢ˺ѦСߵɫˣǴ˿̵ңȴһĨ̵Цɣɱ٣


327 б¾͹
ԴҽڷӡԹǣ֮еɱ¾֮ľӵأܵ»ҰĸϢӰ죬Ҳɭɭ
˿̵оֻһ֣Ǿǡɱ
ֻѪţܵޱ޼ʵԹʹࡣ
ԣЩڰڤԼɽӴĺ˳ʱٴλζéɽ壬ΧߵЩëʬҲЩ߷˽
Ҫȡǵд۵ģҪѪġ
ǱԲԼǾͲܹĺˡ
ëʬͭƤǣǹ룬ҼΪ׺éɽĲٿ֮£ͻɱȺֻҪЩڰڤһ˺ëʬ³ҵģЩëʬҧס˲ӣһƤһ飬ЩײеĺëʬֱӽЩĺڰڤ˻˺룬Ӻһء
ЩëʬʮײУЩڰڤҲ쳣ͣǰʹк֮£ȫĳɱ
ߣЩڰڤ˵Ҳ̫һЩ˵жٸҪǣǻɽӴһ֡
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ûпɽǸ֣˶޷ƥС
϶һڶϵΪңҸүүĵڶûҪɱԼöԲԼ
ս֮һƬңǺɱҿѦСߺҢ˸ԾеıУҲս֮С
׻˵ĺãɽǸУҪȽɱˣȻȥǰʹĻ
һߺëʬɽƺоڿĿҲһȺڰڤˣ߿˹ȥ֮εԹҧгݵ˵Ͻ˰
϶˰ڴүϣб¾͹ã
˵УѾͭǮһ־֮ͭǮͳɽ׷˹ȥͭǮٴһƺâͬʱɽҲһе̣һŨĺڳţɽӽ̳ͭǮ˹
ͬʱͭǮֽ˼ʮöͭǮҲһֽ˿ʮӣͭǮӱͭǮͭǮײһ𣬷һ죬ɢȥΧΧЩڰڤ˾ǵùˣʱЩӺͭǮͬʱУһʱ߰˸ڰڤ˵Ѫ֮С
֮УľһٶȺͻֻҪץסˣ˲ȡ˵
Ȼ˵ڸƲʲô֣ħ֮ҵٶȺͱͻȻͭǮһ̣ҵҲ֮һ㳯ɽӳȥ
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һұܿʮҵĺڰڤˣȻɽײһ
һƣɽӵؿ˹ȥɽͬʱҲһӺ˹
գԣԺһ
ȷǶԺ䣬Ϊ˵ײһʱ򣬷һ֮Ğų𶯵ķݡ
ҵؿһۣӿϴһ˿ʹɽһƺߣֱ˳ȥ
ƽʱҿ϶ͱɽһƸˣȴͬħ壬ʵƸǷͬѰɽûз㱻һķ˳ȥײüڰڤˡ
һָһ˺ü־ͭǮһƺâҵУҼ첽ͳɽȥ
δ֮ʱұٶȳ嵽ƥߣȻͭǮĻɢܸκηӦĻᡣ
ͭǮ֣һεͬȣƮתۼ͵ɽӵߣۿŽҪ̵ɽӵؿڵʱбͻȻһѹͷסҵͭǮ̧ͷһӵĺ˴˿̳ҵǰɽһһùͷסҵͭǮһùͷҵſ


328 ס
ǸʱЩ˽֣һʵףɽӴ˹ɱǣȻǴЩ˵ѡٮٮߣʵ϶ףԣղͻȻð˲׾ٵļסеͭǮ
һ˵ĹͷҵſһΣ˳־һʬߣӭ˵Ĺͷȥ
ϵĹͷҵķʬײһҿʬĩ˵ǸС΢΢˸һ£ʱһĪʬ߿һԞųĶùͷȻҲ⣬ֻҪʬͻܵʬߵɡ
ҿùͷԵһһΡ
Ҫȥʬߣֱӽ˸ɵʱɽӱӵޱ׺ݵĳҵؿĳһƣҵĽżһ棬Ӿ͵˳ȥڵɳȥͬʱеͭǮٴηҳһֱۣͭǮͷֱӾͷ뿪ˣ˼ʮöͭǮɽӺŹͷļһȥ
ô޴ɶˣǼʮöͭǮɢ俪ҿɽӺһ϶ʱֳľ֡
֮УֻɽӵķӦѸ٣æһһڰڤ˵ԼǰӳԱһ˿ȥŹͷļһȻûôˣʱʮöͭǮɨ䣬ֱӴɸӣһźɢ
ɽǸڰڤҲδ⣬ϴһһͷԵ˵ϡ
ִéɽ壬Ǹոȥĺڰڤ˻ζ£Ǹڰڤգۼͻ˺ëʬӵϵ𣬳ɽӾ˹ȥ
һ־ͭǮٴηɻУǸëʬһɽӡ
ԽԽˣʱϵԽãԽǲұҪɱɽӡ
ħұݣ֮µҢ˺ѦСȴÿÿжв߾ߺëʬڱǵİȫôڰڤ˵ʱ򣬻ԵЩһ
ܿ죬һֻͭǮһֻŷʬߣٴ׷ɽӣǾߺëʬһ𣬿ʼɽӷҵĽɽӲ֪ɶʱѾٴУǺëʬؿȻײȥȻǺëʬײ˳ȥ
һͳɽӵؿڴȥɽæ̸ƴһһ͹˼УɽЩæңɽӱϾǳ֣ΪʵֿԹͻܹģȻңû¶ʲôЩļǡ
ʱԶִѦС߾ֵĴţԶԶҾ˶Сšǿ춥סˡ
ѦСôһиǻңһҧֱӽͭǮ׷˳ȥΧɽӵΧɧţֱŷʬ߸ɽӶƴ
ͭǮҷǣ֮£ΧɽӷȥӱȻ£ӱߵǣʬ߶ɽеķпãͲʬײһ𣬲Щ
еѦСߺҢǱߵİΣҲòҪƥ򣬾ڴʱͻȻһ˶Ӱһʯ師һ¾ͿҸղéɽƵǾߺëʬϣֱӽǺëʬ˳ȥǸ˶Ӱǰʹ壬һҲ֡
ֻǲȰʹ嵽ߣĺڰɭ֮ͻȻַһ¡¡죬ضɽҡһ㣬дҰ޳ûһƴӦǰɽӣһ۽ǵ⳯ǰʹ忴ȥʹɫԵЩţתͷܵ￴ȥ֪ɶʱڰɭ֮ͻȻһȺŷЩҰͷʮӴÿֻСҲǧ֮أ¡¡ľͳѹ
Ҳ֪ЩҰΪͻȻֹ֣֪ǵѣЩһ֮ͳЩڰڤ˳˹ȥ޴һ㽫Ǻڰڤ˴һԴЩҰԽԽ̹࣬һҳײЩڰڤ˶ʱֽţæֿʼԸЩͻȻðҰޡ
ЩҰޣͻȻоЩأϸһ룬ǵǵһθո̤ڰɭֵʱ򣬱һȺҰһĹޱЩڰڤ׷ϣһñǹ˼ֻͷΪǵԵʣôڰڤ˵Χˣǹߵʱ򣬻Ŀһۡ


329 ʦү
ѵֻǷߵҰޣ֪ѣȺǣߣЩҰ޸Ϊ˱ЩڰڤˣɾڸЩڰڤɱ
ЩҰΪʲôͻȻ˳֮ǰǵĴæǵѡ
ЩҰޣһС̹ƵģֱײһɱΧЩڰڤæңȥȫΧѦСߺҢˣתʼȥԸЩͻȻðҰޡ
ЩҰ޺ճ֣ҶҢ˺ѦСǱߵ˲٣ԷĵĶԸǰɽӡ
Ҽоһ߿ŻɽͭǮһ߲ϵ÷ʬ߷ĳɽкһͨɽӱûм֮ұƵĲˣһæҵһкŲԶļŹͷļһæֻЩŹͷļһҲѲֱ𱻼ֻӺڰɭгĹ޸סˡ
õʱʱɱϼһʱһ߻ŷʬߣһֱֻ㰵ƣɽӵؿȥ
ɽ֪ƵӲӣֻóһȥʱæʬ߳϶˹ȥ
ǽʬ߶˳ȥΪСӵٶ̫죬
һҪͭǮһҪӦеķʬߣҪҵƣ㶼㲻ˣǷʬһ¾ɽӣžճһ
ŷʬĩ˵Сҵ˸ɽӵӰʼΣֳһޱȿֻŵɫ
ӾҵĲŲ޷ŲֺȻʱһ֣ͭǮñһץס
΢΢鶯¶һ˿ͭǮͳɽ˹ȥ
˿̣ɽᵽĸоֵĴҺү˰ҲҪˡɡ
ʱĺЩ˰ɣ
֪ˣαصôҵģ͸֪һ³
еͭǮâһһ¾ʹ̽ɽӵţͭǮͷʬ˫صĴѹ֮£ɽӵһŤջǻһźʬһɸɾǴûһ㡣
ϼһڱҸĻɢˣһסǵľбһ˷ܡ
һ֣ȻҸɱˡ
㱼䣬ԼЩ˼飬ȷȷʵʵҵС
һˬ˵á
ȻɱһɽӣԶԶû꣬ܿĸŹͷļһӭͳɱ˹
һȥǰʹأ˲ֱĸŹͷļһˡ
ɱСӣʦү𣡡һŹͷļһһıߣŹͷӭ泯ҿʱ䣬ٴαǸΧ
ĸŹͷļһɽӵʵȣĲһǰ㣬ûħʱҿ϶ǵĶ֣Ǵʱ˿̣ԸǾࡣ
ĸŹͷļһƴʱҵĿһֱܵսɨţǳҢ˺ѦСߵķһۣߺëʬı֮£ǰοҲʮڰڤΧǱߴ
ȻҵĿһֱĴɨŰʹӰҪ뿪ǲܽеĺڰڤɱĸɸɾһȫֱ˲ȥҲҪѺܳʱ䣬ԣֻҪ˰ʹ壬Щڰڤ˾ûĹǣʱ򲻹ƣ׷ɢȥ
ܿ죬Ҿ˰ʹӰʱһ޴ʯ師ЩҰһӿ
ЩҰȻ׺ǰʹҲǺǵģ֮䣬ܽһͷ룬ܿ죬߶ʮֻҰޣǰʹմȾɫѪʮ
ȫһ޴սղѾڵһƬʬ壬һͨɱٺڰڤҲˣҰһĹЩڰڤնɱʬһһ㣬ƮѪζ
Щڰڤ˵ЩͻȻҰƺô£ΪƽʱǿɱڰɭеҰΪʳģֻһΣЩҰһĹҲ̫һЩЩüҲײ˲ٺڰڤˡ
ЩҰĹﱨĻͦصģȻ֪͵ϮЩڰڤˡ
ǰʹɱʱͻȻ䣬ڰɭзһҰ޵˻ɽҰҲһ壬үģѵҪʲôð»ǹֵģߵĶֵڰɭֶðˡ


330 ðĹ
֮Ȼ䣬ڰʹһôϳһݵӰһҲʶĹЩϻЩǱӣͺܴϻƬؼǻҰһа׶೤
ڰɭеԳ֮濴ЩﳤһһԣҲжϲ⵽Ǹʲô
һ֮һ˫ɫ۾Ͷ˰ʹ壬ͻȻðһŻ棬ͳŰʹ˹ȥ
ղХʹ϶ҲˣٵһתվϵĹһԾ𣬾ͳŰʹȥʹһûз㱻ǹһţĶǹļһڵ˴
ǹݣ̽˰ʹؿڣðʹ巢һҺʹܿͷӦ˹һֻסǹĲӣһֻճȭͷǹԴһҡ
ؼȼһŻǰʹϵʱ򣬶ʱһŻܵϣյǰʹһҺ϶ʱɢһɿζ
ǰʹһ߸ֻͻȻֵĹ˴һߴΧĺڰڤ˹ȥæɱϵ
Ҷǹһһ˼飬ֻðĹϣſһֻСĹﳤЩǻðĹﻹƣǹɵſǹϣǹ
⻹˼һС
˿̣Ҳûȥ˽Щ飬ЩҰһĹͻȻ֣ǲѹҿȫңҢ˺ѦСӳطֱ
ĿǰǣұҪʮŹͷļһȥӦѦСǡ
˿̣ɱǸɽӵԵʣɽӺЩ˵ͷͷ⼸ͬ飬ҲֳһƳһʼʱ򣬻ʩӵĲСѹ;⼸ŹͷļһԵòôˡ
Ҳȡļƻ
ǰǰ㣬ͭǮܵǣƮǼ˵ΧȻ䲻Ȼ£һնɱȻ÷ʬ߸ǶԵУȻҲеĹͷʬߡ
ĸһӵĹ⾰˱ĻɢһǱͭǮᴩһҷʬֱӸˡ
ʣµʵûа취£⣬Ҫ뿪
Ҿ͵ǻȥٽؽǵϣնݳ
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ͭǮʺϵԶ̹ǲܻܶһһܵͷǾԶˡ
ͭǮһʮöͭǮû÷Źͷļһֱ𱻼ʮöͭǮУ̼ɢ
ۿǽĸŹͷļһҵ߱ٴҢǱߣãȻΧ֮УʮڰڤΧŴ򣬲кëʬǣܹһʱ䡣
ؼЩڰڤ˿һɵȴ֪οƺëʬھǺëʬΧҲɵŲٺڰڤ˵ʬ塣
ҵһһεĽͭǮͭǮһΣȷʵâ貣һ·ҵǰһָǷ˼ٵͭǮıͭǮ󣬶ʱɱһѪ·ʮڰڤ˵ͭǮ֮¡
ҽɢڸͭǮٴ˻һоͳҢǱ߳ɱ˹ȥ
Щڰڤħʱʵһɱɱһ·ֿ֮ڰڤˣŵҢ˵ߣæ˵Ǹߣһ뿪ѾŻܽˡ
˵Уéɽ壬ָߺëʬ˶ںëʬһ·ɱȥŻķ
սȻңЩˣȺҰĹ඼ڰڤ˸ɱˣЩ̫ãѾܵӴܡ
ֵܹЩڰڤ˵ԽԽ٣ҿղŴֻðĹײС
ղŰʹЩڰڤ˹ȥʱ򣬶ʱ߰˸ڰڤΧȥֻðľޱ뿪˰ʹӣʼҧǼڰڤˣЩڰڤȻûаʹʵֻҪֻУҪôǱҧҪôǻ˻𣬲ҽڵϷ


331 ֪ͼ
ЩҰĹ޴ӴܣһֺڰڤΧ֮⣬ĺڰڤȥǵʹˣҲֻ֪ðĹǴðģ֮ǰ͸Щڰڤг𣬻ǹǵģһжö֪
ҪлģҪȻǽٸѹ
ںëʬұͭǮĿ£ɱһѪ·ʮӣڳһڣһأ˿ŻѾܽˣӳΧȦʱҽǼߺëʬȫڻ롣
ѾΣյشԾʮڰڤ׷תͷѦСߺҢˣɫС߸磬Ңȥңٹȥһˣܿͻ
˵ţתߣѦСȴһץסҵĸ첲ܻ˵СţСǲ¶ǺòײŴЩڰڤ˵İΧȦɱ˳ԼҪɱȥⲻû¶¶𣿡
ûзָղͻȻðһðĹޣͻȻ˳Ƿֵ˲ѹȥǸ޾ȳ˳㽫ʹǼһɱˣص·ϣһһֱڸ鷳ɱŤҽ͵
߰ɣѻųͲˣСӾͱ֦ˣطԺǲˣǰʹʲô¶ѦСٴȰ
ϣʱ˺۵ҢȴƶСĶԣ֪ͼô˵ǻҲһѣЩڶҲһЩܾȾҪȣЩڰڤ̫ˣǰʹ壬ﲻ⣬ܹɱˣԺéɽ˳˵أҲһ׮鷳¶
ȻҢ˶֧ѦС߱û˵ˣֻǶСһЩɱ˰ʹ֮󣬸ϽǻϣǾڻľͷһéɽ硣
ӦһתŸղŵĵطɱ˻ȥӭ汼һȺڰڤˣֱӱҼıͭǮĽһɱ߰˰ˣʣµļŵģҲͭǮڵأһéɽŸոɱļڰڤ˻ĺëʬһͬҳǺڰɭ֮С
ֻû뵽ǣһٴδ߶éɽʱ򣬾Ȼֻڰڤ˱˺ëʬԭΪܹ߰˸ء
ʱҲųԼ￴һۣԼϵЩɫɷȻʧŷӦҸղŸɽӵƴʱľ޴ֱӽһԹͷ˳ȥ˲٣˵ԼʶͻȻ˺ö࣬ԭϵͷţЩԹҲ֮١
ʵҲͦõģΪԹͷţ׵ľ߻ħ
Ҵëʬղŵսʱ򣬷ǲЩҰĹ޺öѾߣʣµļֻҲֱЩײеĺڰڤΧסʮѱǹϣ˴һ㡣
ߺëʬ˿Ҳȫŵ˵ϡ
ΪǸðĹޣҲҢ˿˵ֻ޵ļһҲˣϲĸ˱ǹΧȴЩڰڤΧ׷½أܲˣİ֮Ѿûǰİ
ʹʯ師ϱǻ޿ĺһһ飬ŭĴţɱֻɱ
ҵĵЩڰڤ˶ûз֣òҶһƬֲĺ棬Ƭֻ̣ðĻޱΧţܿҪ֧ŲסˣȽǻ޸ͳ˵ɡ
Ҿ⣬ߺëʬӲݴԺͻȻɱЩΧŻ޵ĺڰڤˣһôڴ֮صԾǰʹվǿô档
ʹϻð̣ϴһӽζ˵첻ǽͷô쾹Ȼҹ͵ϮңҲ׽ˣһˡ
ֲֻ޻Ұʹ屨ԭǰʹǻ޵ţް
룬޻ðϻۼףʹ嵹Ǻθڣʲôҳԡ
ǰʹûע⵽ңսͭǮֱӴһԾ£Űʹžȥ
ɾʱ򣬰ʹоΣ־һ師ҿ˹ʱı˷˫һ̤ʯ師һͷǰûзӦ־һƣǰʹؿϡ
õĿƣǰʹƺһӴٿշ𣬺ݺݵײǿôϣʱĵһƬҶӡ


332 
һе֣ٴͭǮǰʹ˹ȥһ̴࣬һ
Ҫ˵СǺڰڤ˵죬Ӧǿ죬ҳ嵽ǰһͻȻеʯ師˹
Ң˵Щڰڤ˵Ǵкڰڤ˵ѡΪǿ׳һλֻҪ˭սɹ˵ʱĺڰڤ˵죬˭ϴȻͿԽ֮ǰˣսɹҪʱԵ
Щڰڤ˻ëѪԭʼ˵ʮҰȻҲʮֱ뺷һɺηľͷ
ʹһٶҵ鷳ͬʱ˵Ҳһ
˼棬̵죬ûɶ˵ģûеѡ
ʯ師˵ҲϰٽأźХ֮˹ţǰʹ巭ŭһһֻʯ師ҵ˹
һ師ҵһ飬žӭǰʹͷһ師һƴеͭǮһð˻ӡ
ҸоҵĽŶ˼֡
һҧٴδ߶˵еתȻڳһӺɫɷ
ҵ۾ֺˣһȻ佫ͭǮһ̧ʯ師žǰʹؿڴһǰʹһΣҵĽûдؿڣؿڻһѪۣаɫѪҺؿ˳
ðʹЩߴĺһͨƺкЩڰڤһͬԸҡ
Щԭ׷Ż޵ĺڰڤˣ˰ʹк󲿷˶۷˹
һֺڰڤ׷ǻȥˣǻȥķǻֻӦǴӻǱ߹ģ޴ʱϵĻѾˣϻĸǹǹᴩˣܹӳȥҲԻܾӪƺЩˡ
ҪĿ껹ɱ˰ʹ塣
Щڰڤ˻ûг嵽ǰұǶǰʹһ͹ʹƾһҲʮȻɽӻҪѲһͲ·ʬߣһʱһûа취
ųұЩڰڤˣһЩʱұ㽫ͭǮǵķ׷˳ȥ
ͭǮһԾգʱһֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮͬʱϵķЩĺڰڤɢȥ
û뵽ЩͷԵļһξȻ˾飬ҼͭǮһŲԶЩ˹ȥ
һΣͭǮȻ˿գͭǮȻȫЩϡ
һͭǮ꣬ЩڰڤִӴٴγɱ˹
ϺǣɶʱЩڰڤ˻ˣ⵹Щʼδ
һ䣬ǰʹž޴ʯٴγк˹һǣͭǮϽһéɽ壬ʼٿΧĺڰڤ˵ʬ壬ϽɺëʬҵֵסЩӵĺڰڤˡ
գۼ䣬ͭǮҵУͭǮǶǰİʹһ͹
ֻԴߵڰɭ֮ҲϵԼ֮бӡסԹܹʬĺڰڤ˵ʬԽԽ٣һΣֻߺڰڤ˵ʬ廯˺ëʬ
ʱĺڰڤȻǺЩͻȻɱ˲٣ʣµɻһٶڰڤˣߺëʬ޷ֵסôڰڤˣۿұҪٴڰڤ˵֮С
һǱЩڰڤ˸ΧˣѾʮּѣȻҵĵֻޣʱѾˣǳɹ룬ҾϣѾãϱǹôûˡ
ڤ֮أһж޷Գ֮Ҳö֪
˺ëʬĺڰڤ˵ʬ壬ҵֵһܿͱЩĺڰڤû߿񱼶
һ̫С᲻
ұɱʹˣԼСҪʮƣΪϲߣѦС˵ĶԣطԺҿ϶ˣʹûϵ߰ɣ
һ룬ұһŰʹһһΣǰʹһ˳ȥ㷢񱼣Żķһ̵ļۡ
ʹٴηŭеʯ師һ߳׷һкЩڰڤ˵ɱթ࣬˭׽˭һĴȳԡ
һЩڰڤ˱˷ų׷˹


333 һŻ
Ʋȱܡ
Ң˺ѦСѾ˻ֺαøЩûӵĺڰڤأ
ֻҪҲ˻ĴţǾ͵éɽЩڰڤ˾ͣҲ׷éɽȥ
һȺֽеĺڰڤˣ󲽿׷ֹ߶Ĺ̤ŻĲһ·ǰС
һ׷һӣǰʮӵĹ⾰ۿžҪʱ򣬵֮ͻȻһȻӭ泯߱˹
һⶫһһǲЩڰڤֽ˰֣ʱŲһ١
ڴʱһ˼ⷢˣȻϷһʮϤǸ˵Сţæˡ
һҶʱһϲΪѦС߷ġ
ǸȻԽԽʱҲǸȻӰǱģֻޣԼǵ֣ƻţˣ
ƻ޾ȻҲæˡ
ôһͣӣƻ޾ͱҵǰһΣֻǰһϾ͹һˣǶѦСߡ
һˤǱ߹ȥʱƻͻȻһƺ𣬾ͳЩ׷ĺڰڤ˳ɱ˹ȥ
ƻڱȥͬʱ϶ʱȼһŻ𣬺ܿ͸Щڰڤײһ
ҺѦСߵĿע֮£ƻ͵ſѪڣӺһųɫĻ棬ǰļڰڤ˰ȻǰıǺڰڤ˵ʹ壬ñƻĻˣʱһĲҽУڵء
ƻ޲ûдŹʹȥһھҧס˰ʹԴֱӽԴͿ̽˶ǰʹСʱûˡ
һ˰ʹԴƻޣһȼգЩڰڤ˵ǰ棬С鲽һ˫ͮͮ۾ȻĿЩڰڤˡ
Щڰڤ˼ʹһ֮㱻ƻ޸ԴûĹǣߣƻʵԵһЩղһڻڰڤˣȫ˻ҽżһȴһվǰ֪ôˣΪû˸Ƿʩ춼ˡ
ڴʱƻٴηһƺϵĻ˲䱩ǣſڵ֮ϣһſڣٴһɻ棬һ³ȥʮף˲־סĸڰڤˣǸȼˡ
һ£Щڰڤڿ־ˣųźڰɭֵĴӴܣһգ۵ĹЩڰڤ˾ûӰֻ˼ð̵Ļҽ
ƻ޴չ֮󣬾ƵߵҺѦСߵǰһ˫ӿһۣ͵͵ķһƺ𣬺ЩˣҺѦСߵ߲Żķȥ
ƻ֮ҺѦС߲һĭʵС߸硭ƻôˣ
ѦСߵ˭֪أҢ˵ƻ޺ڤ֮صޣֻéɽĴøѱ˶ѣҲ֣ҾӦλéɽǰʱ쵽ˣԾƻ޹Ӧǵġ
һҲЩҢأ
ǰ治ԶأҲǰֻƻޣҢˣҾ˼ǵţҸƻˣһƢͦһʼҾβͲţòײĺϡ
ŵһɵС߸磬ƻ޵ƨ㶼ûղǰʹôģһŭˣһڻ˲ͳɿ⴮ˡ
ѦСߺٺһЦԴ˵ô࣬ǱѱģӦòְɣ
ǿ˵׼ߣȥҢˣطⱲӶˡϵĻңȫսǬѦС߳Żķȥ
ѦСߺܿ׷ң˵СŰطҪһˣҲȼʮ֮ȥǹŹأҾ͵ڻȪ·ô鷳عŹصʮ᲻ϳ
Ļһ鴤ΪͻȻ˸үүҲ֪ûӳЩİΧȦתźڰɭֵϿտһۣɫľѾӰָһƬʲôʱʧҶ֪ʱЩڰ˺ɽӵˣԸүүܹųȥ
ǵԸһܹȥ


334 
Ȼ룬һүүǣҪΪҵ˶ֵĻΪȪ·ƾ͸ǼҺԺƵģ˵˵߱ߣǸүүȴ汻Щ⻹һ˰ϣ֣׼ˡ
ѾߵѾû߻ȥһˣ߳ڰɭ֣ʱһͷȥĺڰɭ֣ã̾ϢһٴθѦС̤˻ȥ·
һڤ֮أҲУҼʶͨһӶ󲻵飬Ҳʶ˽նĵĽթʶʲôˣɽɽүүôˣԳµһǾ˻ܳԽүү֮أ
֣ҶԼһµʶ֪ԼжôС΢ͻȻһ֮ͨΪԼѾ˲ˣܶ˶ߵУҸһ㣬һΪһˣܹնɱҪﱻʬ߹עԹҪڹ֮ڣүүͦҿѾ˺öء
ҼᶨģǾһҪǿҲҪһ׸ϡ
ҺѦС̤˻֮СҽĳӱԵߡ
˴ԼаʱҵĹ⾰ͻȻһ˵ȻŻЩ룬һ¾˵ǸʽҢˣڸ˵ʲô
ʥ𡭡С˿ͷһɡ
𡭡Ȼ﷢һŭĵͺƺܲ⡣
ҺѦС߶һۣ첽Уʱ㿴ƻվҢ˵ǰ棬ζ˶βͣһһƺڶš
ҺѦС߹ȥʱ򣬷Ң˵˿һⶫ죬ͷһҢ˵Ǹʲôô
ֻ޴ʱѾˣϲǹȫǹᴩˣһ˫Ұ׵۾Ǹá
Ҫ˵޻ǰһѵģɱ˲ٺڰڤˣ͵Ϯǰʹ塣
ﻹöЩⲻȥǻȥҪģǾȳˣȴ˰ϡ
Ұ˸еʱǻ޵С֮£ͻȻһССԴһֱصĽţȥĻ޵ԴǰȥҸ
Сһ̫ˣĸױʹˣֱЩڰڤ˸ɱˣôССһմҲԻ
ҺѦС߻ˣҢʮָˣͷƻޣʵҢˣʲô
ҢεҲ֪ʥôˣԵ޵ʬ廹Сͬޣһ棬ˮݵģҸղűֹʥ𡭡
˹ֿͷ׶ƻޣʱһͷ˵ڻߵҢˣͷȥĻ˹ȥ
ҺѦСǰҲ֪ƻҪʲôҪ˻޵СҺѦС߿϶ǲɵġ
ƻߵ˻ߵʱ򣬲û죬˱ӣǻ˼£󣬾ſ죬һҧסǻ޵С
һߵƻ޵ߣ˷ʬߣŭҪʲô
ƻ޿һۣͮͮ۾â¶﷢һͺֻСƻ޵ﲻϵ̫Сˣá
㣬һǲޣף۸СҲٸһܡ
ȻƻƺңƿңߵһԣֻСӷߵ˻޵ߣͷ˻޵ʬ壬ʬֱƽ˲Զһҽ
ǻ޵ʬһҽʱͳĬ˽ȥӰ
վҽӱߣƻ޵ͺ֮󣬱֫éɽķ񱼶ȥתۼͲӰ
ţƻ޲Ҫ˻ޣСӣֻΪҪȴ㲻޵˼
˶ʱڵ۵Сۣûһ˵
Сӷһصİûǻ޵ҽ˹ȥС̫СˣֻСèƵģűÿ⡣
ſҽԱߣͣĽУе飬ֲҿҽӡ
Ң̾Ϣһ˵Сһֻ·һ罫ȥɡ


335 С
Ң˵ĻҺѦС߶һ㶣ѦСɻҢˣڿЦɣĹҲܴȥ
ΪβܣղŹǵֻƻ֮ǰ֮еޣֻǱéɽĸָ˶ѣСȻҲܹȥҢ˲ÿɷ˵
СӿӣҪ˵û֮ǾǼٵģˣ˽ҵˣ϶Ǹĺļһ֮ΪҶ֣棬ҴϹֽš˽ҵˣȴΪĵؾƣǰССèСʲôģÿһص߸ڴ壬ӵè߾ۼΪСҾϲСιǡ
ĳʱҲСȣΪһʱҪǵʱүүĻˣҲȪ·һˣðôա
ָֻСһʱЩ˸飬᲻ƴҲҪȡǱ˰
˰Ѿ֣Щ֦СЩ֣Ͼһռ棬ҪһΣ֪С֮ʲôӣðǰײеģһ˻Ԧޡ
ԣǿСޣⶼЩᡣ
Ƭ̣ѦС߱ҢˣҪȻͷС˰ɣéɽ󷨽磬ڷ֮У϶һЩҺСŶ쳾Сߺܲ㡣
ȻҢȴҡҡͷ˵ƶΪéɽڵĳϣͽʬ֮򽻵ˣߣƶҲûСϰߣСһ£˭°ɡ
ҺѦС߶һۣѦС֣˵ҿ϶Ǽҽڼŵı˶ƲˣǼүӿ϶ҲԸ⡣
ʣµľֻˡ
òΪеһʱźС
ߵҽԱߣСޣϸĴۣС޳治ôÿôСҰƵģι״ֻûгСһ̫СԵʣûзȫȳˣӦøͷСҲһ͡
һ֣кС޵Сһơ
С޻ͷһۣƺЩη壬תſҽӱߣҽһСģʮ۰
Ңߵҵߣ˵Сţƶû㽫С޸˰ɣԺ߽Ҳи֣ڸͷСˣ϶ĺܣڻ֮оһԣһѷɫƻޣֻƻ޻ʱ䳤һЩѣԵиһЩСˣСӿ϶ǳ
Ң˵һЩģǣҢˣ˵Сܲܳԣǳ⻹ǳʳܳҪǳĸһССţƵģһҴ𣿡
ҢҲˣɫ֮ƺ⣬Сȴȥţһĸͷܴ󣬺۵ʱͽ͵éɽ磬ٽŻػˣʱԼܹı죬֮кУʱͲõˡ
˵ͷⲻʧΪһð취ȻˣҾСһʱ䣬͵һˡ
˵ʵСһཱུģһͷС
ٴδյСһߣԴСһ𿴸ͷ󣬻ͦ׵ģһ졣
ҰƬ֮󣬾ʵһѽϣҢ˳ķȥ
绹һξ룬ǵͷǰߣҲ˵˶೤ʱ䣬һϤڣطӦþéɽڡ
һ·Һһ飬ǾѹԹͷų˺ܶ࣬Ҳһźɫɷһķ꣬ûɵһŭԹѾʼҵ˼ˣֻŬѹš
ղһսԹͷ˲٣һԹ޴й㿪ʼ
ѵʱѦСߴһƣǽҴιȥܹסԹûҿڣҢ˱ˣڵˣǶ׼һ£ϾͿ뿪ˡ
˵ţҢ˱ԭ̤ȼ˼֮һˮƵĞųһڵչǵǰ


336 Թ
ڵףһ޴ĺڶ
ҢתͷɫСȽȥƶϺ󣬷Ĵš
ҺѦСӦһ㳯Ĵ˹ȥߵſڵʱһͷźڰɭֵķһۣٴҲ֪үү׳ȥûУĺܵ
Ң˵ĴߴһعͷѦС̤ĴţѦСһֱҵǰ棬һȥ㷢һУžͲӰл֣̿Ҳıס˻еǸСޣһͷĴ֮С
һȥһתȫǺķҲ۾ȥ沨
Ҹо˻С޵Ļ֣̿һصĽֻýһЩоֻܵЩο
ԣʱ䲻תĸоʧˣҺܿͳȥʲôϣһۡ
ǶһҽС
۾һƨɵһˣͷһŵѦСߡ
СšϽһƨҰѦС߲ϵҵƨɣұ㱧Сվӣ˳㽫ѦСһѴӵ
˳ܿȥɽͷǸ֮УмڷʦĵԱСéʦ
Ƭ֮λãͻȻһһ˺ƾðһ㣬ǵʧʱǱ㿴վߵҢˡ
ǱȣҢǰУվһ
Ң˸ոճ֮ûã޴ɽ֮жʱصһƮ㣺ǻˡ
˵ˣѾİһéɽǰ˾Ң˶֪˭Ψһ֪ǣλéɽ֮ǰĴѾ˵ɵļʶѾΪһ塣
˵ɽ죬Ңʦķһ񣬹˵л˼ʥǰȥӦҪȻҵҲɵľͿ߳Ǻڰɭ֮С
Ǹ˹˺һŵʱѵƶҲڤ֮鷳ԱƻǰȥӦҲûаʲôæܹ֮ų˵þһжǵ컯ѡ
˵Ҹоɽ֮еĞųһƮȻһʮְҵϡ
ǸƺЩ˼˵ףҵСȥһ˻Ȫ·һˣϳ˸ϢԹذ
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ͬʱҵη壬ֱӾͷɽ޼ɵţѰ˵Ǹ˵Ӱ
ʱǹİȻսؿײ˹ֻϴһɾʹӾͱײ˺ʯ֮ϣԴһѣһתĸо
СšզˡߴѦС߹е˺һŻָʱѦСýҵӵ
ʱԼϿȥǹɺɫɷȻʧر·ӡ˵֮С
϶ǸղǰΪ
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Ң˵ǰʱ󾪣Щʵղ˵˭ģ
СүүġҢٴ˵
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˵ĿʶǸүүҴȻǸүүȱҪүͻҪ࣬Ҳ֪éɽλ֮
ղǹɸĺɫɷѾλéɽ˸ѹȥҵʶռλ˿ǰ˵гϻ̳Ͽ֣ҲҲ˵
ǰһûٶԣܵ˺ܴĴߴǸϽ뿪˴


337 ڻ
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ȻڵϼүүӰӣүү϶ڽϵͷҲСصĽ֮УѦңéɽˣ϶֮ǰʶүүģʱҺѦСߴǧַүʱéɽˣһᵽүүͷͱɫһһٰʮȵĴת䣬õ֤
һڤ֮У˲ټʶͬҲ˽⵽һЩҴǰ֪飬һ֯
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338 鷳
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339 
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Сһ϶Ƕ˰ɣǶһˣ㿴춼ˣӦûڳ̣Ҫҵ㶫ԣѦС߲ͣİСޣ˵
˵춼ˣҼǵǳʱ򣬺峿һͷֱӾ˯춼ˣʵЩ͡
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ӣӦûгԱһˣôһСûֻèһ׷ӦùˣûгԱûа취Ҵٸʢһ׷ʱƵͷˣΪΧһȦûҵСԷ롣
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Ң˿СޣȴǺֱЦ˵ڤ֮صһжԳ֮ԸӦģԺ˵ʲôԤϵ鷢СŰҪúÿ


340 µ
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ֱӿżɽǱ˰Ǭ˳˫ţݵҢǰ˵ҢˣСͰˣ˰Ѿ֣СʲôʱԻָʶأ
Ң˿һ˰˵żãһλȪ·֮УƶǹһؽˣָҪһЩʱգڻ޷ʩСָʶƶĻҽǱ˰Сڴ˴֮ƶԸһĴ𸴡
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341 ʦ
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342 ۵ɫ
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Ǿ֮ͶѣҺѦڽǿǺպң㡪éɽǧ˿ƵĹϵԺéɽĴţʱΪ˳ʲô飬éɽǡٴο˵
˺䣬Ҳ֮ģͷɵ棬ǧ֮ɽϼҡ
˼ԲȻҵͼéɽ󷨽磬ҺѦС߳ɽš
ȥ֮ǱֱӵéɽĺɽΪʵ磬ůϣ˾ޱȳ⡣
ʱ˿˸ߵֻСޣΪʦֵļһԴӴҢ뿪֮Сֶվһֱҵ󣬴뿪֮⡣
һʦ֣Ң˱סСǸްѵҢʦȥˡ
˵˵Ļûн˵תңǴЦ⡣
ǴˣղСһ֪Ƿޣ˲ῴ
˵Ŀ֮Уƺһ˿۵ɫ
ڤ֮أҲʲô˶ȥģҢΪڵĳϣڹֽʬ֮ıȽóǻȪ·ϵ֮£ԲŸȥǻȪ·Ȼȴδظȥһܴôյĵطһֻޣ϶еġ
˿ЦҲڳ΢΢һЦ
ֹҵļһĿ˵Сӣƶûп㣬ҵĺˣֵط㶼ȥһȫˡ
˹ˣ˵ΪҪȥֵط϶éɽĺ԰һ㣬ȥҪҢ˴Ӧüˡ
ЦҺѦС߱˴˶һָۣ֮һֱ߳Զͷȥʱ򣬷˻վԭĵطһסһ㡣
ҺѦСһߣһֱ߳˺ԶʱҲŸѦС˵С߸磬ô
ѦСһ㶣֪ΪʲôͻȻʳĻͦõİûмӣҲͦéɽҲæҸ˽ЩҲ˵ﲻԡ
ѦСߵĸоһ㣬éɽĵλҲˣΪһְλƽ֮£ȴһֵܣǧַүģΪһЩ˵Ĺ֮ԸоЩŤΪǧַүԵʣ㻹ǲǵǵһμ˵ʱҪԱţԼҵүӶ˳ǽǧַүǸӣΪǧַүֵܣǻ
ѦС΢һüͷ˵õʱ˻ɱǣ
ɱɱĲ˵ʱǸӣǿ϶ûкùӳԣ˿϶֪ǧַүʲôģԼˣҪǿͷƷˣǲǣ
ѦСŻȻ򣬵˵ͷ˵˵ΪʲôһֱֱŤģԭΪ飬֪ǵ֮һֱͿģҲ㲻ҪǾô˲ãԺ󲻸ˣûʲô˵ģڵ֮ǻǸϽؼȥɡ


343 
ѦС˵Ĳ٣Ҳ֪ˣǸûؼҿˡ
ţұ㽫Ǭеֻ˳ԭڽʱҺѦСߵֻҢȳֻ֮ʹ˳
éɽ󷨽֮ڣһеִӲƷãֱͣˣ˵ֻˣһźŶûС
˿̣һéɽ󷨽磬ұ뽫ֻﱨƽ
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ȻûˣֱֻӻؼˣɽҲ̫ԶȥĻҲʮСʱ֮ӦþͿԵҡ
ѦС߸Ҳһ㣬ֻûˡ
éɽ֮Ŷʦֱֱվ
ߵվʱҲһǳҪ飬ǾǺҪ죬Ŷʦ֣϶𳵣վҲˡ
ûа취Сֻۣܴ򳵻ȥԣڵһһŵʱ˲Ǯ
ϳ֮ǰҾڻվ̵˲ٳʳⲢΪԼ׼ģΪ˶ʦԻ·϶ˣὫ˼ҵĳˡ
ڻվвٺڳ⣬ҺѦС߱ҳǱ߹ȥʱһʮСӭ˵ǣȥĶҴһ£ض죬¹ȥģ϶û⡣
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˾ɴ۾˵ϳǣûЦɣһǧء
Ҿ֪ȥˣ˰ɡ˵ţұѦС߳һ˹ȥ
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Ǯ⣬Ҫȥ۾ͳɡ
ǧһֶɣұĿʵڼۡ˾ɫ
һ˻֣ͷǺã߰ɡ
һɿڣ˾ʱֵƨƨߵģһһһǧҲŴ֪еè·;ȷʵͦԶ׬ǮҲףĸˡ
ҺѦС߸˾һǰһһл񳵡⣬õģоҪһ㡣
ѦС߿Ƴ˵ǣ⳵𣿶Ƴӡ
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СۺãڵĳһֻüءѦСߴȤ
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˵ţ˾㷢˳ӣӷһͻͻֱ죬ðһẓ́оƵġ
ߣһ˳Ƕʦ־һҧסҵĿȣһ˫Ĵ۾Ͱ͵Ŀҡ
ֶˣ
ԻҲûа취ֻý׼õĶ˳ѷںλϣöʦԼԡ
ҺѦСƣԴӴӻȪ·֮󣬾һֱûȫָڳϵĹ⾰۾״̬ʼ
˾Ǹ룬һ˳ϲ˵ͣҺѦС߶û˴ԾȤҲͲ˵ˡ
£оʱţ۾ʱ򣬷ɫѾȫ
ĥӦÿ쵽ϳˣҼǵʱӦʱ򣬿ɫӦ߰˵ӡ
Ҳ˵ӿ߰˸СʱĻӦСʱܵϳˡ
һͷһѦСһûде״̬ѹԻʦֳԱ֮ҲſҵĽű˯ˡ
һָоʦֺпܾһֻСҰǻ޵ĺҪȻСΪɶǳ˯˯˳أ
˳Է˯֮⣬Ҳûʲôس
תͷһǰ˾ǲǿ쵽ϳˣ˾˵ԼСʱ͵ˣϿ϶ܵˡ
ʱҳųһͻͻðẓ́ٶȻ治һ


344 ֵļվ
ȻƳЩԹȻҲ˵ʲôҲûɶ¶ֻҪܻصϳǾͺá
ûãѦСߺܿҲ˹һǲǿ쵽ˣתһ˾ĻѦСҲεҡҡͷ
ǰһСʱĹ⾰ٶȾ͸Ҳ֪˾ߵʲô·ĽҰģҳһ·ϵĳʮϡ٣òƾֻһߡ
Сӿ϶ǲý·ѣû߸٣רһЩС·ɽԽ룬ֲٶȻô
λ磬ϾûˣǰһվǽȥӵͣҲЪЪţԵ㶫Ǽվġ
˾˵ţͽӳһб¿˹ȥ
ҺѦС̧ͷһбµ滹һվõģʲôļվ
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˵һ·һЩӶˣĳԵĶǲ٣ǶʦָԹˣװҲûзŹ
ӺܿʻǼվ˾ͣȣǲһ˴ǼվҺѦСľЩ֣Ǽվ濴ȥǼվŵƵģӦ˲ǣǲ
˾˺һȣ˳Ǳ˳ҺѦС߶ӶˣӼվ̵ӣҲӳ˾󣬳żվȥ
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⻹һʽļվŽգŵƣ˾ʹ˼ţȴ˹š
ǶΪվû˵ʱͻȻһϵ˭
ЩɳƣͻȻһ˾û˵˵˭𣿸ϽţҪ͡
վϲ⣬°ˣ͡Ǹϵ˵ţţһ˼ңȥʮݣʮϣϱһҪŵӡ
ҿߣƺЩֲ̿оҪż뿪һ
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ǴүһԥԥģƺЩŲڡ
ԽԽоүЩˣٴʵүɶ¶ֱ˵У˵ǻܰһѣⶼףӦûӦŵ㣬˵ǲ
һ˵Ǵү̾˵ˣСǣϽߣ¶˭ҲﲻˣϽ԰ɰүùš
ڷ滹ûݺãҲżԣүԽԽˣӼǼ˵ĺġ
ѦСҲ̲סʵүɶ¶˵˵£ǼСڣɶ
Ǵүص̾Ϣһջ˵Ǵү˵˵ҲţΪүڸǺء


345 
Խ˵ҺѦС߾ԽҪɰʵףо仰˵ĺã溦èɣҺѦС߾ر֡
Źضһصǣ˶ٹ»治֪ʲôܹŵǡ
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ͷ˵ĻҺѦС߶һۣЦҾЦһЦЦҺѦСʲôû
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ͷҺѦСƤЦӣʱͱܻŴ˵ѽҸ˵Ǳţһƭǲɣ
˵ʵҺѦС߲ǲţֻǾøЦѣֶǼ̫ˣһһ
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ҵһѦСߣ룬үģŽأȫҶǰɶ
ѦСһ˵ͷЩˣ߿һۣ˵Ŀ˼֣˵С涮
ѦС߾ǿֲ¶ҵļ˵ǻм٣һһŵĻ׽ͭǮóһ֪
˵ţѦС߸˵Ļᣬһ־ҵǬͭǮ˳ͷǰһΡ
ͭǮŴҵģͭǮɫһͭ⣬һǹһʱĺظС
⽣һóͷ۾ʱ˹⣬һ鲻м٣˾翴ҵҲˣԥʵλС磬Ǹģ
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ѦСߵűָߵС˵ǿֵĳҲһɫµȮ˵ûУĳһֻֻȮһͣ¹ʲôԩըë˵ˣһŵĻɢ
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346 
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˶һһ㶵ģȻҺѦС߶Ǽʶˣ⻹Ǳ¸סˡ
˾ɫɷףһ˵׻˵ĺãںӱߣܲʪЬа¶Ҳү˵ĻȫţҼǵȥʱҾһа¶ǻȥ궬һϣһԶþǰҹؼҵʱһСϣͻȻһ·򳵵ŮˣһײҲҵ·ɫҲɷףͺ·м֣Ҳɵӣ˭ҲҹģɽҰ·򳵣һһŮˣ϶Ǹ·򳵵Ůʱֱӿȥʲôħֵģתһ룬־òԾҪֱӿȥһŮԹޣҲզ죿
Ȼ㲻ʲôˣƽȴ£ҹȻ¹ţ˵Ůʲô¶Ҫ⳵ǾͽͣŮһ̣Ҳһغ¶ˣҸԩ޳ҲܺҡߣҲϼҾھݣéɽ£ڵʱҲȥéɽոʲôģɽһϵһƽҳϣаһĹ»ҰҲ˲ңҾͽͣŵӸ˳š
˾˵ҺѦСٴֻΪéɽϵĵʿһΪʵȻһҺѦС߶ᣬʵֽéɽϵĵʿ඼û̫ͣǿéɽŵӣɽŵĶѡ
ڵéɽξ㣬ȥҪշѣéɽʿΪ߶éɽĺɽһ󷨽֮ڣһ汾µġ
ţ˾ֵϴŵĻܹõĿԲǺܴ
ţ˾˵˵ʱ򻹻ɫȾһʮֲֿգƺҪŻһ㣬Ȼ˵ĻֻҺѦС߾øЦѡ
˾˵Ҵ򿪳֮һ仰û˵˼ʻң˳ӣǴŰ·Ů˾Ʈ˹ҴӺӾȥǸŮѾ˺ϡǴ죬ҳ￪ſյģůͣŮ˽֮յ͸õһһ£ҴŵŮҪȥģŮûңͷɢͷǰһָҲû˵ȥʲôطҲͲˣͷ˳ӣһֱǰһ·ϣŵƨҷţҿųֱݵķߣһǳéɽķţŮһֱңһ߿ʱһźŮ˵Ķһ͸˲࡭ֱҿݲԶһСϵʱٴӺӾȥǸŰ·ŮѾûӰҲ֪ܵȥˣǳǹŵġ
˾˵ţٴεһ˵ɰҸŵİһѳֱӿ˼ңĵȫˣҲ˯һֱȥԺ￴ԼĳǳӵĺϷżźɫĳƱһǸյڤңǮҲҪԺˣǿͷģֻŮԺҪٲҡ
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˾署Ĺ£ϴү˵Ĳ࣬ڤҸˣȻڶҶֽǮ
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347 
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ʱҶӿǸŮ˵ʱ򣬽žŵ˹ȥΪǸŮ˵ʮˣǺɫģһŸɰͰ͵Ƥͽϣһ˫ɫ۾Ѫһĺ졣
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ķˣһһķ糯˽Ҳ֪ͷĶŮʱǲҲ㶯
ȻģҾһֺܲõԤУоӦúܲ򵥣δôǿĞųչֳСҪɱҵʱҲûֳôĶֻΣûڵİѣŮһ˷磬Ǻôų
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348 
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ҵӣһԵѦСҲͻȻһץסҵĸ첲ĽģСĸ˵Сţզôûأµĺܡ
£ءҸѦС˵һ־Ǭս˷ʬߣűʲôħ֣ʬյȫգҾͲ㣬һֻҪһҵķʬ߾Դҹȥ
ԽԽˣҲĳͷ˾ûʲôӦ⵹һʮֵ顣
ʮ֮ǽŲ͵ſڣҽŵŷʬߵֶڷԵܹоѦСߵָⶼ̽ҵ
ҲʲôعŹصʮʱҲûиоô£ɢĞųֱѹ͸
ǿԼ۾ֱĿſڣǸӰſڳһ˽Ų˽
ŮһϵӵŨҵƺһ㺮˪
ȻŮһ֮ƺûпһ㣬ֱŻܵķ˹ȥʱһֱվҽűߵĶʦ֣ٴηһ죬һʱҪȥģ
˶ʦַǸֵŮͻȻŲһ٣Դ΢΢ת˹ס˶ʦֵĲӣʦʵҵĽűߡ
ŮתһԴת˻ȥֱŻܵķȥϺ˵һ㣬Ůߵ˻ǰ̣ȻʹӸ˳⼸޶ãֱӾ͵˿ߵſڵʱ򣬻һź쳮ƱϣȻͳӡ
ǼĿһĻĿŮ˽Ȼֳȥˣһʱ侹Ȼû˸Ҷ
Ů˳ȥ˺һ֮Ŀʧˡ
ǸŮ˳ֵʱҲ˵ΪʲôǸоһʮηĶһֱѹңҲŲһԭǣҲŮ˶֣ﻹͨˣ˼޹
һѾȫȷϣŮ˿϶ǹҲˡ
ǸʲôҲ˵ϵļķӦŮ˾ԵģҲа
Ů߳ȥ֮һѦСЩľګĿңʵСšŮˡ㿴ûУʱһֱ£һȻĿ־壬̫ǿˡ
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ҸûʱѦС߾ͳſڵķȥС޶ʦҲ׷ƨƨߵš
һţܿͿǸŮ˵ӰѾкüԶȥķһɽκܿ졣
׷кһѦСߣ첽ǸŮ˾׷ȥ
ѦСһһʵСţʲô׷ҾŮͦ˵ģҪ򲻹զ죿
Ҳ֪ʲôҺϸоһ˿ʬζҸѦС˵
ѦСȴһ㶣ǰɣʬ·һһôŮ߰СӲ˰ɣ
ģҿǸʬңڽʬвҸˣϵ⼸ҲģǽʬĻ鷳ɴˣһҪ˵Ļɱʮǿ󣬽ʬɶʬģֻҪҧץ˵ˣɽʬԣаһҪº󻼡֣ص˵
˵ǽʬأҰ֮أ˵㿴ǰһƬӡѦС˵
Ҫ˵Ҳûпܣֻ£ѾûʺĵطˣƬֲ˵ټҪѣǲɶ¶ȻײˣͲܲܡ
ȥһ˻Ȫ·ҵĵҲʲôҲŪףҪŮǸʲô
ҿ첽УǸŮ˵ķ׷˹ȥѦС˵ǰ㣬ǰкôһƬӣ׷׷ţŮ˵ӰһΣͻȻʧ֮УӰ


349 
ŮһʧҺѦСߵĽŲӿ˼֣ǰֶȥ
ʱҺѦСǼվѾкü·̡
ǼվƫƧ֮ѡַǸطҲΪ˷һЩ·ĳʮ￪Żдӣվǰ·ҲӿݣһС
ڼվܣȫǳɽ룬ûʲộϡٵĵطͻأܹʲô۶ӣҲ
˿̣ҺѦСѾ֮Уǰһξ룬ȴûпղǸŮ˵ӰӣǸŮܵط
Ůһʼʱ򣬾͸Ǳ׵ľ룬һֱܿҾǸŮӦ֪ҺѦСѾ׷ˣΪܵĿʱٶȾͿ죬ߵٶҲͻǹǹȥһ㡣
ɽ֮УҺѦСȫͣ˽ŲãȻĹˣǸŮ˺ƾʧһ㣬ôҲˡ
ҪǰߵʱһԵѦСͻȻסҵĸ첲ͻȻʳһĪ⣺СţûУ˵ǸŮпǽʬһʬΪʲôҪÿҹܵվȥ̺أ
ʱҸסˣʬаﲻԹϲȵĶѪ˵ѪѪҲȣһĽʬû˼ʬ⣬˺ܸߵȼĽʬпӵԼĶ˼άһʬӵԼĶ˼άǿ¾ʮֿɲĴڣݡϴϵļأʬΪ֣ܹܶӵж˼άĽʬ֮٣ǶΪĽʬ罩ʬеļƷǣж˼άܿڳԣһֺܸߵĲβŻеı֡
ҺѦСŶ˼άĽʬǿ¾׶༪ˡ
ΪֹŮϱֳĞų߳ϵİտԶ϶ǽʬӵж˼άĽʬɱˣһ̣ؼ֪ˣ͸Ӳ˼ˡ
Ҳ֪θѦСֻ߽ͣǽͭǮǬ˳˵˭ȥҪ֪Ϊʲô̺ȣԵ˵ڵĽʬаˣѪúˡ
СţǼҲǸʬôеĽʬӦ˽ǣ㶼ѦСҪɰʵ׵Ľࡣ
ûĻͷһۣүģҲһ֪࣬ô⣬·ϻˣϽˡ
˵ţͭǮȥѦСҲĳӸ˳ҵ
һǰһĴѰʱ챻ҺԵС޶ʦַ˺죬ͻȻߴ˳ȥһ첽
СԴӴӻҴ֮Ŀǰ˵Ҿֻص㣬һܳԣһ˯ûзá
ղŮ˽˼վ̺ȵʱСƺһԾԾԵҪǸŮ˹ȥ
ûж٣ӻͦģСӦܹʶصĶֱңŶʦߣ϶ҵǸֵŮˡ
кѦСߣ˶ʦֵ󣬼ǰȥ
ʦֶܶٶȻʱЩԶˣ֪ͣһ
ҺѦС߸ڶʦֵǰ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ͻȻһҲ˵ʲôʱֵģһʼҺѦС߲δֱŨʮ׿⿴ӰʱҲŸо쳣
˵죬ӦǺٳֵģȴǸˣǴɫģЩɫУǿ֮ϸϸȥƣܿı渡һ㵭ĺ⡣
ҽʬ˳΢߶һ£ʬĩ˵С˸˸Ƶʲң˵ʬܹӦԲ֮аǲǿҡ
Щƣѵҵжϴ󣬶ʦ־һԻ޷ѰŮ˵Ӱ
У͸һ죬Ѱ³Ϊò߾衣
ʾѦССһЩȻкʦָϽҲСһ·ˣ˵ΪʲôԵġ
ƾŷʬߵĸӦԼĩ˵С˸ƵʣһܹҵǸŮ˵ڡ
ǶʦȴΪվʮ׵ĵطͷҽǸ
ʦֽ֮󣬼ûзӦһͷͳӵ˹ȥ
ڶʦ֣ǲԼܣ֪Ͳһˣ֮£ҺѦСֻܸķߡ


350 ŮĿ
С޶ʦֱЩ꣬һֱǰ񱼣󣬾Сȣôܹܵô졣
СһͣͣÿǿҪʱͣһصĽϼ֪ڸʲôá
ˣ׷Ŷʦ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ҺѦС߷һʮֵ飬ǾΧΧƺһЩǰһʱ䣬ΧʧˣʦͣӵıԵشſ˵ϣͷڲǰˡ
ѦС߼ǰһѽʦֱŶʦֵƨ£ЩԹ˵СһʲôһͨܣںˣŮ˸Ҳˡ
ʦֲ˵һ˫۾ѦСߣƺЩίģĽš
Ҿöʦֲƽ޹ʵ飬ղðһգʦ֮ǰܣΪ˴߳ղŵƬӡ
ö˶˵·ͻȻðһʮַ
ѦС¶ʦܣ㲻ڵϣǱ˻תͷҵСţô죿Ů˱ǸˣҪȻǻȥɣҿŮҲûʲôΣԣֻڤ˼̶ѣǷ׷ᡣ
ߵһҲЩò⣬ľûЩԾǸŮ˵ϸоһɽʬζȻǽʬҲ϶Ĵ֮ŮɢǿԲͨĽʬô򵥣ǲ罫Ȼ
Ϊʬҵĺ󱲣а֮ܣҵﻹЩеģҲŪ
ǻȥĻ϶ҪղƬӣѾ޷򣬼ȥҲô׵ˡ
ԥһǾǰһ߿ѦСֲִңҲֻ˳ҵ˼
˳֮󣬼ɽߣʱ˷ʬߣͨʬĩ˵СʼӦΧа֮ʬҲ֪ôˣǲһ㣬СȻһˡ
ѲѾǸֵŮԽԽԶ˲ɣ
ԽԽˣЩͷԣ֪һˣֻ˳ŻĲݴɽĿߡ
ţҺѦСһƬɽϣʱ˳ɽȥʱͻȻһӳǵҰ֮Уﻹм˼ҵĵƹš
һ·ûͷӬƵܣҲ֪ԼںδѾܳȥʮɽ·һӣҲ˵ȥεСӾͽСɽǸ߸ڴҲһ㣬Сӣ߸ڴĹģҲ˶١
ֲ÷ʬû˸Ӧǳ׸ǸŮˣĿǰֻţȵʱԭ·ȥһˣȻɢʲôħ֣ҪΡ
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һ߰ĺͯһǸŮޡ
ҹģͻȻһҺѦСһѦС˶һ˵Сţְڹǰҹʮ˰ɣʱôСɽϿޣ㲻𣿡
ɲ٣Ҳ㲻ʲôˣ֮ǰṳ̂е飬ǶʮһֱƽƽһϡŹֵҶЩľˡ
ȻӣС̰·ҲСʱ̰ܵɽϣĴ˾Ұޡ
ѦС˳ǿ˹ȥ
вʱһ棬濴һʮŮӣڵصĿޣ޵ģѾЩ΢ǿ˺ܳʱˡ
ѦС߱Ŷʦ˹ȥСŮ˵Сáôˣôһﰡ
СŮһǳ˹ȥƺЩη壬һ£˵ҼСèġܵɽϣһ񡭡ҴɽˤȺ߲ۡ·ˡ


351 Ŀ־
ʱѾߵǸСŮߣĽ״ЩѪȥһСŮ۵Ĵһ
Ҳרҵȴһҽ£վѦСߵｫʦֽ˹ȥСŮ˵ʲôط
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ʦֵһ˫۾ֱĿŵŵСŮصķ˵͵͵ƺͷСȻҲܷڹ죬һ·֡
СŮƺʮηʦ֣ϵţ˵ܰǸСԶһЩ¹
СáǹֻСҪ°ҧ˵ġһ߰Сޣһ߸СŮ͵
СŮԵúܺ£Ŀ־塣
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ҵ˵ͷСŮСѾͷǲסɽǸӣôˣĴΪʲô㣿
СŮ˵Ұְ趼ڼңҾͺסһ̵岻̫ã·Щ㡭
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СŮ׷ԼҵСèܵɽϣһˤȣСŮĸĸڼңֻһ̣һж㣬ֲôˣСѾͷûмĴѰҡ
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ҺѦС߼ӿ˽Ųܿ͸˼һ档
˼Ϳʮ£ݿ£嵥һɫƵ·ϵƤͰ͵Ķѻһ𣬾ɹɵƤлһչ·ΡΡжȷʵ㣬ߵɽ£϶ȥ
Ҳ֪̫̫ôģȻж㣬ﲻôһæңѲ׳ȥ˲ɣ
˼һСʱ˹ѦСæϵǸСŮСŮŽż⣬һ˼ҵĻ
СȥˣڴþöûҵԺɲ̫̫Щ𱸵˵
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СŮһ˵˼ұҺѦСһǧлҺѦС֣˵ֻǾ֮ͣ˭Ҫһѵġ
̫̫ĺΪʲôҹĻطֻø̫̫˸ѣ˵εģҹ·ײܵ
̫̫м٣æкǻǳԷûУ˳Եġ
ҺѦСߵ˼ǸճԹãȴûŵĵطǾ͸̫̫סĵطȥ
̫̫һһ߸߶˵˻ȫȥˣ˼ʮ¹˺ͺڴİѺӶˣûľͽЩ˿ţڵʱЩ˲Żش￴ڴҲûжٻ˼ˣھֻжʮˣ󲿷ֶ˺ͺӡ


352 ੹Ц
ǳͷʱҲȥ򹤣ֻиĸڼãĸͲǺܴҲչˣҲûкӣʲô
˵Ĺһ˾͸̫̫һԺԣһʮưܵСԺԺܶǽǽԺҲŲٻĲݣǴҲüľƴģһʮ׾ݡ
˼ҽҺѦС뵽֮󣬿ѦСҲСŮһŰϡ
̫̫Ÿǵˮ˵һҪ
ҺѦС߶Թ棬ö㲻˼鷳ˣϾ岻㣬Ҳ̡
˼ȴ˵ԷҲУȿˮܸҪģ̫̫ôæŮ˻ܸҪʾлġ
ȿˮҲѦСȻֻܾǵ̫̫ˮԵʱһֱڻС޶ʦƢصĵͺ˵ĸӾͻȻһûסСһӾʹһ˳ײϵ棬Ӷʱ˵ϣˤһ顣
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ͻȻ俴ʦֵðһŵм΢΢һƺҪһ㡣
ʦֵĵǻޣôСĸͷܻûзȫֻðһ˿ӣܿϨˣۿţʦ־Ҫ̫̫˹ȥۼֿ죬һץס˶ʦֵĲӣžǬУһ˿ڡ
Сǻ֣Ը꣬ڻûƢԣҲ֪׻᲻˺İˣǲ֡
Ȼ̫̫һССĶʦַŭӣŵһŵˮڵϣ۵ľ֡
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˼ңҸǴĳ¡û¶ġѦС߰ο
˼ҵ˵ͷ¸ӣˮҺѦСæȥԼˮ
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ȹ˲ˮ֮˼ЦеĿǣ˵λ˽Ͽ϶ǲˣҼЪŰɣҵĶӺͶϱȥˣǵķʰĺܸɾסһϣһ߰ɡ
ҺѦСߵ˼˼ҵл
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ҲȥҲ֪ΪΣһˮ˶ӣӾͿʼκƤЩ˺ˣǰľɫЩʣԼƺǰ˼ңϲͣζ˫ȵСڳҺѦСЦЦЩζĥ
ʱ˼ֵλˣǸҴȥϢ
˵ţ̫̫Źչһ˹ȥҺѦСκĸ̫̫󣬳Ǽ˹ȥ
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ѦС߿ȥһҪƣ˸˼ҵлһЬӣƿ˻ӣ˱
Ҳ۾ˣԺߵ˴ǰѦСߵһ࣬˳㽫װŷС޵ǬͷԱߡ
һڴϣʱоȫƣ쳣תʱֻһͷú˯һһжҪˡ
ոձ۾͹ұ۾һ̣ƺ̫̫һੵĹЦԼǬеС޷ĺ졣
Һ۾Ƥ쳣أô˺ˡ
Ҳ֪˯ʲôʱͻȻ䣬ҵȫʹһĴʹоҵƤ⣬ܹоʹҪ۾۾Ǳˮճһ㣬ôˡ
ҵʶѵģǾ۾жʱȻͻȻһֺܲõԤУҺѦСǲˣ
̫̫ղŸǺȵĲˮѵ⣿
˵ӦòᰡѦС߿ҽңжĻо


353 η
ڵЩ֣֪̿׷ʲô飬ȫһĴʹţԽԽʹ
캰һѦСߣǲǸһĸоǸһſڣҾнŲ˹
ʱһֱɵңͻȻһۣûг߽˵Ǻηʥǲ˸Ĺ
⵽ʲôҺѦС߰ǣѵҪ𱨣Ҫ
ܿǽŲߵҺѦС˯ŵĴߣһҵĶǸ֮ǰɽϾµǸСŮ
ͻȻ˵ѡǸﲻֱɱǣҪô鷳
ʲôôôͻȻֱˣ
Ǹϵܿӣ㲻˲ͨˣǴ϶Ҫٲһͨ鷳ֱӷŵǣĸɴ䣬ߣߣǵѪԣ̴޽Ҫɽ٣ҪǵѪɽҰ룬ܵطߵطھ͵ڼһˣҪǣǲϵĸṩ̶֣ɽ֮ٳǣһΣ
СŮƺԵ쳣˷ܣ˵˵ððѵġ
һ£СŮЩǵ˵ѡҪˣǸŮ֪ˣǲҪʲô鷳ô죿
Ǹ̫һ˵ʲôиߣôṩֶɹ˴˽٣ȻдʱŮ˿϶ͲѵĶˣǱ۸ôãҲǷʱˡ
һһС˵ĶԻҵǧذת˿̲˹˲ͨˣ˵ˣǧټƵĽҺѦСƭ˹ǱҪǵġ
ǰãС޶ʦһСŮʱ򣬱죬ԾԾԵҪ˹ȥ˺ҧʵһͿǸСŮèҪǣ̫̫֮󣬶ʦҲǲϵĵͺ𣬸ҺѦС߷档
ֻҺѦС߶һΪĸΪԼǵһɽС֮УһԺвСŮ̫̫Ǳ˾裬ǵĵղǸҺѦСߺȵĲˮ϶Ƕֽŵġ
һ㣬ΪҽҵѦС߶ûзɼһһСֶжô
ƵǣһһСǺηˣ˵ĻҲЩɽ֣һҪɽ٣һǻŮ˵ģ⵽ʲô˼
һһС˵ŵ׸βܹŬҪ۾ΧĻ۾ôϵǹɴʹȴӵԡ
Ҳ֪ԼǲΪүŴԵʣ԰ٶ֣ڲ豭µҩѾͨѪҺ˲٣ȴûȫ⣬Ϊֻܹ˵ȴܶ۾
ǣҿʼĽ֮е͵ȫԴѦλүӸ˵֮ԴԴϵĻڣˣҲͨϵΧԼĻָ
ڴʱҵĶִһߺ죬ǱҷǬеС޶ʦַġ
ǸСŮֵѡϴǸ޺ÿ°ܹǵҴϸܵһʮֿµϢ
Ǹ̫һ˵Ѿͷ۹ȷʵûпĻСӦһռĺ֣ڸͷСٳһЩǸ׺Ķ֣˵·Ҳ򵥰߾Ȼޡ
ѡǸСδãˣܲӵУСŮʵ
Ȼ֣ǿǴ󲹰ˣֻǸͷ̫СһЩǵǿȳСʰǡǸ̫Ƶ˵
ðѣͽС޸ǹѳԵʱ򣬱˸һˡ
˵УǸСŮʼҴ˹
ڴʱҵĵѾתһͨ澭תȫƺһЩ
Ȼ䣬۾ȴ˲˼һĻҷִ˿ҺѦСһʯͷϣҺѦСߵϴ˿ҺѦС߽Ĳţ̣Խǵϵ˱ϵѪҺֲһȫʹ̡


354 ѹ
СŮ̫˵ĹҰתеת澭ʱһֱţһȻʣ۾žͿ˲˼һĻҺѦСߴ˿̾ͱ廨һʯͷϣǵϴ˿ЩϻŸֹŹֵĻɫǸɫĻУϵĵҺѦСߵ
ʱҲŷӦֲøղһȫʹԭЩ̵Եʡ
ߵѦС߻δѣңнⶾĹܣһʱҲѲˡ
гû뵽ɽҰ֮Ҳ˼ҵĵ
֪ǺõʱǸСŮĽŲѾԽԽˡ
ʱұתͷǸŮķȥǸСŮһֻ֣ץ˹
ǸСŮûϵô˹Ȼʮ죬ҵıȴǸСԵûҪޱ𾪣ΪǰСŮ̫ŹˣСŮϾȻҶӣ϶Ҷ֦辴չ˳
⵽Ǹʲô˵ôԳɳ
ҼǵҺѦСǸ˽һӣȻһԺӣô۾֮һȫˡ
ҺСŮһۣСŮŵһ˼ֵ˵ˡѣѹˣ
ֳǸ̫ŵķȥǼ̫ųĸӹ죬ȫһóԴȫƤɢɢĹżֻҶӣϵƤҲƤһ
ҲһѿĹӣ߿˹ôܡǺµĻ֮ڶѹġ
ҿ治ϣǸҺѦСµĶʱҲŲʲôħֻ֣ҪҪǾҪ׼
Ǿ˭ΪʲôҪǣɫʵ
ԼģԹñˣСӣǵڣ̫˵
˵ţǿһ̫תͷһСŮС£ڶأȥǴȳˣһʰǡ
СŮʶҺѦСڵĴٺЦٴγ˹ֱץߵǬǸװĶҵķֻʦ֡
ҿǵĿɱȻӲܶҵķȴܵҷǣ
Ǹ֦ҶŮߵǬѵ˼־пٵĴ߶Ǭ΢΢һ˸һ˿âǰѷǬеͭǮһֱӽǬһȻֱӳСŮŴ˹ȥ
СŮӦҲʱһæȥһֱ˵̫ŵߡ
ͭǮڷǣ֮ȴ׷ᣬһâٴγСŮ˹ȥ
ʱлţҺľǣȴݺңĴĻˣȻҪǾԼո׼
ͭǮһɵ̫ŵߣ̫;еĹӣһͺɨ˹þʹͭǮϣֱͭǮһһԴ˹ȥþһǽϣѽû˽ȥ
һӴҵͭǮ֮źٺһЦ˵ˣŷǾ͵űҳԵɡ
˵ţ̫űƶ˽Ų˹
̫ŻƤԴϻżƬҶӣȫƤʵֲĪȻţҲܾʹ˱Ŀ߻ѦСߣҲҲһ
ٴηתеǽϵǰͭǮٴ죬䡱һ¾ͷ˳һΣֱͭǮֽ˼ʮöͭǮ̫źСŮɢȥ
̫ȴһߣһƤһ֣ͷͻȻСŮǰǼʮöͭǮʱʹЩ֮ϣಡ죬ϣ˵ϡ
ֲǣЩϵնˣȴҲһڵϲͣķЩĿġ
ͬʱϵЩҲ˹Źֵı仯ЩͻȻսҵյĽģм̵ֻҵĲϣյҶЩ޷ˡ
Сӣѵ͹ԹԵĵһЩ˵ȫʬǻҼöʬ޴棬ɢ


355 ŭĶʦ
ǿֲ̫˵ͬʱƵԽԽмҵĲϣҵĺѾʮˣȻǻƤȴҶੲݡ
еŭһεıȼޱȵıڻȪ·ôյĵطҶûɽҰĵط˱˵ĵ˶˵Ҫʯ֮ϣһֻ׵ĸ
ҲֹһαΣҪʬ޴棬ɢƤ̫ϼ
үģҵô۸
һѪֱţȻյĿҪˣϵĵѾĲƤ⵱УһǽתͭǮٴܵǣʱ䣬ЩɢڸͭǮٿն𣬳ϴűȥ
Ȼŭ̫ţֻվһ΢΢һߣϵյĸӵĽˣоѾƤ֮УҵųѪʶҲʼģ
̫žʲôôܹƵסЩأ
ҷѾ֧ͭǮʱʧȥ֧ţһεĻ˵ϡ
û취յ̫ˣҸ޷оȥٿЩɢڸͭǮ
ҿҪȥʱ򣬶ͻȻһ͵͵ƺ˵Ķ죬ʱҲҷŽǬеС˵ʦ֡
ʱǬҧһڣȻʹ
СཱུģСȣŵʯȥʱ򣬻ˤһͷ̫ŭһһ˫۾ɵԲӣţҿСһϸֳһĨ⣬ȻЩӴð˳һָооʦ̾Ҫɿ
ʦֵ֣ȴ̫źСŮ¶һ˿ֵɫ
Сߣһ취ʰǣ
˵գǻƤűǸСŮ˳ȥתһɲǼ䣬ͷϴŵĶߣס˶ʦֵȥ·
ʦһ۾ˣֱһžͳһһ˹ȥܿ챻Щס
գۼ䣬Щͽʦָסˣһʦַŭﴫ˳ڷš
һһС˸ո뿪Ҿ͸оϲƵ΢һЩ
ҳһоһʱ򣬱ٴ־ٿͭǮٴηԾ˰֮С
ͭǮâ˸һ⣬͵ĳϲƵʱһնϣܹڳһֻˣһ־ס˺ڰеͭǮŲϵЩһ񿳣˺ôĹ򣬲Žϵϡ
ЩǱϵҲһ㣬һŪϲƶ
ҽеͭǮһӿЩһնϳ˺üأǲͣ
ϱЩĵط۵ֱҲ˲ۣҲ֪ѦС߻ûлţֵ췭ظ͸һһһ
¹զ˵ȾҪٴͭǮĵʯϣŲѦСϵһҿʱɫ֭ҺŽĵǣЩ趯ҾնϣڽѦС߽˳
ڵϵ趯ţӹ
ҲȥЩʾϸһѦСϵƣڵҺò˶٣ЩϵȫѪģһ·ѪȾˣˣѦС߻ûѹ
ҳѦСߵƣûлӦҲ֪ŵ׸µʲô
ҼĻ𼱻ǣ飬һʱѦСҲ֪ǺãؼԼʲôط֪զأ
Ҳ֪طô˶ÿһһ㣬ϵĻţЩǱһҺѦСߵķֻýͭǮ׷˳ȥȥֵסЩҺѦСߴ
ȫһ·
ѦС߻Բѣ˶ûУзңͬʱвϵĸԼһңҪ򶨣ԽѵʱͱҪԼҪİ취С
Ȼ䣬һ뵽һǳؼ⣬ǾүŴİٶֵѪҺԽⶾô˵ҵѪҺǽⶾҩһ룬жʱȻæҧָѪ˳ҳſѦСߵ죬ͽѪҺ


356 趯
ѦСߵĹӶܹܹ࣬ܿҳС
Ҳûа취İ취¹ܲãҽ˵ܹء
ոѦС˼ѪȻ䣬Ҿ;ýŲһһɴֱӴʯ룬϶Щ趯Ĺ
סҵĽŲ֮󣬾ͽҳһǽܿΧֱסҵ֫ͲӣȻٵսЩٴδҵ׶Ĵ̹ǵۡ
һͭǮԿصֵôźǸСŮ϶棬Щ趯Ըǡ
ĹٴαЩȫѦСֱЩ²סһʯ˷ϡ
ҵһֻֻܶ˼־½ͭǮǣ˹ʼӿЩϾ
һͭǮǱˮнͿ
һΣһľС
ڴʱͻȻŵһɽζʲôˣҵͷһԵĲԶðһ̣ǴһƳɵɢģǸŵǶʦ֡
ʦǻ֮л޵ĺȻͷСףϾǻ޵ĺŻԪأ϶Щʦָˣð˻磬ˡ
ҿŶʦֵƵðһ̣ʱ䣬ЩǸоʹƵģŽЩ˻ȥĹ򣬶ʦ־ͳҵǰζŷ˶ӣżһĻ绷ƣһ˫۾ֱĿңҺĽš
ʦ־ȻܹԸЩŹֵбһϲ˵˵ʦ֡æ
ʦֻ˻ֺӣһԴͳŲҵײ˹Щ֪ʦֵǵЩʼƵϣܵɢ¶ȵʱ֪Сһٴγ֦
ȣ˫ϵͳ˻߳˻ȥŶʦֻζŷ˶ֱץҵĿȣһ·֮Щ׷ÿһ·Ͽٵ뿪Ψֱ֮
ʦµҼϵʱЩȫϰ뿪ˡ
û뵽Ի£һѾͽʦִҼϱмĪ뱧ڣǳһǶʦֵĻ
ҽʦֱʱͻȻһ飬ŶʦȼյĻ磬¶Ӧü߲ǣҪȻЩΪʲôء
ֵǣұŶʦֵʱ򣬲ûиоôȵ¶ȣֻǺ¶ȣʮ֡
ʦֵһ˫ȵĴ۾﷢˺죬ֻСصţһѪ
ŴʱĶʦ֣ҲЩھΣʵʦһֱڰҺѦСߣʶ̫źСŮʲôˣȴΪڸҵңŽǬ˿ڡ
ǶԲסʦְ
ұŶʦ֣һжһ֣ڵϵͭǮַɻҵС
Ŷʦ֮Щ趯Ȼ뿿ңηڶʦϵ֮ڲҵӡ
ҺܿѦСߵߣʱѦСѾЩһӣˡ
ҽʦָ߸߾𣬷˲ѦСϵ֮ϣʦֵʦ֣˾͸ŪóԵġ
ʦǺٺٵĴ۾һۣڳЦгһ״Сһĺܣƺܹ˻һ㣬һᵽԵģʱ˾
ţʦָɻ͸ˣֱӴһ¾֮ϣЩһȼССĶʦ֣һɢˣʦ˳ѦСߵĽŲѦСߵļϵʱеݶ
ѦСߵӾʹӰ֮еصˤ˵ϡ
ѦСߵĿзһƺߣ˷ӦҸȵǼѪá
һϲæȥѦСߴӵϲѦСֻǺߺţȴû۾ҳʹƣĺӡͳϣѦС߲תѣĿҵСšүʲô
ð㿴զˣҸѦСѵ
ѦС۾һƣҺѦС߾ͱһĿռ֮ڣȫһ趯ʮֿɲѦСɨһȦ֮͵ɴ۾


357 
ΧֲĳѦС߶ʱ˾𾪵˵ҿʲô˼ҵ˯ôôͻȻطСšİ
ô˼ˣ˱˵ĵ̫źСŮˣҸղſ϶Ҷӣ֡ءҸѦС߽š
ʱʦֱӾͶҵļϣĿЩϻŵĽţһɫ
ѦС߱һͨ˵ĺûת˺ܴ̼ƵãȻĿң񲻶ʲô˼ָһ飬ż˵ﶼźСŮĹϽɣ취ôӳȥүģİǣȴǵȦףڸǺȵĲ˶
ʱѦС߲ŻȻɫʱĶݺҪվֻһһƺߣ̱˵ϣ˵ѽȫôô۰һûС
˵жˣҸһҵѪ˹ҪȻ㻹˯졭Ҿĳš
еʲô֪𣿡ѦСʵ
һ㶣һ£Һ˵һ䣬˵ǻţҲ֣ͷһ˵Ķҩ
ұѦС˵ˡ
ʲôôû˵ûȥѦС
ҽûа취ҵ
ѦСߺܿ˵СţؿһƿҩóҼλүүҵģ
æһһСƿӣ浹ŵҩ͵ѦСߵѦС֮˼־ٵʮ֮ҼѦСߵıǿðһŰѦСٴ۾ʱ򣬱ָһƬ֮ɫ
һ˵үģϰҽʮ꣬û뵽Ȼܱ˸ˣǶ˰
˵գѦС߱վӣܿһۣٴʵСţǣ
ң˭ȥε
ѦС߳Ƭ̣ߺܿʯ֮ϣıǾͿ첽ʯ˹ȥֻǰٵչ˹ŵѦС߸æ˻
ʲôЩһƵģ˵ġѦС
ұΪѦС߻ʲô취أ֮ҲһͷʱйƤһ㡣
ѦСƺҵ˼żҩܹԸЩҰҪûС
һ˵жʱȼϣǽϵĶʦֵݸѦСߣ˵㱧ȥЩͲҹˡ
ѦСһ㶣˴ȵĶʦ֣Щŵ˵ʦԻã
Ų㣬ղžһֱӽʦѦСߵ
ʱѦСҲ˶ʦֵ쳣˶ʦȼյĻ磬ѦСһʼЩȥӣʦϵʱѦС߲ûиоʲô쳣ǱŶʦֳʯ˹ȥʦһԶңЩٴԾԾԣҲ˹ҺܿҲߵѦС󣬸һʯ
һЩԭǵʱ˻ȥѦС߽ŵĶʦ֣һĴ󽫾ʮ㡣
ʦģﻹ룬治ҸôöóӻдȷǸǵѡ
ڶʦֵġ֮£ѦСߺܿõİ淭һһƿҩ£ܿͳܵ˹ȥ
һƮɢЩ趯ŵ֮ϣͷˣЩմȾҩ۵һͽǽ֮ϣҶʱήƣȻҲֱӾͿˡ
ѦСΧܻһȦΧ˴룬ͻʣһСֶſڵλã趯ݡ
ǵѦС߳ſȥʱѾҩˣΪҩѾȫùˡ
ѦС߻ͷһۣε˵ҩûˣʹô࣬ʣµЩ취
󲿷趯ˣսѾܲˣʣµſڵЩʦؾܶԸˡ
뵽ұ㽫ʦִѦСߵĻ˹Դ£˵ʦְܲܳȥͿˣҪܻųȥұ֤ԣԶپͳԶ١
ʦһôһ˵ֻ䶼ģһ˫۾ֱ״


358 ұ
ɶĳԻʦֿ϶ˣһ˵гԵģ˵ĸʲôƵġ
ҽʦַ˵ϣʦֺһķ⣬ƨɣһʽȻ£ϵĻƺĸʢһЩһžͳſڵ˹ȥ
ҺѦС߾Ŷʦָһ籼˹ȥܲܳȥͿˡ
Ȼȶʦֱſڣ趯мͻȻѿһڣһɫüӣǰɫüӱסֽţһžͳŶʦ˹ĶʦֻûбЩм䣬㱻һֻѾߵշ𣬡ءһҽо͵˹
һ־ͽס˶ʦ֣üӱų߽ž˹
ʱѦСߺһСģķ˳˳ȣͳüӴ˹ȥ
ҵǶʦֵİοͷһʦǳıƺһȦίĺĽţɵһۡ
һĹмڴ˼ƵüӣһѦСΧ˹
ѦС߶ԸһֻüӶЩѣ˵ôˣǻڴϵüӼⲻĿռ֮ڡ
ʦַ˵ϣͭǮѦСһսš
Щסü쳣Щ趯һ𣬺ܿ콫ҺѦС߸סˡ
趯֮ʱವ죬˵ϣƤܳһ飬ЩסüҲʮֿɲ˵ϣҲץסѪۡ
֪һжڸ϶棬۲ǵһһ
ڶԸЩüӺʱ򣬱㳯ǳڴݺݵغţǷֵȥүˣҾ㲻ú
ȫͼһʱʹ죬û룬վȴ˻ӦੵĹЦ˼˵СӡȻ棬Ѿ桭ҵ׿ڵʲôʱ򣬵ڵĽƣˣǵѪ⡭
ѦСϱһӣʱƤ۵Ĳҽһҧгݵ˵Сţŵʲô·ˣ
ʱ㲻Ҫǵɶˣȳȥ˵ҸѦСߵ
ȥˣǾͰĵɣСټֻ֣㹻ɽˣܹãϱĸֵ֡˵
оѻ̫ŵĻұĸŭ
ѦС˺˼һ־ٴμͭǮ߶˱ͭǮͭǮܵǣ˲ͷֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮЩ˹üӺɢȥ
ͭǮЩüϵʱ򣬷һ죬ܿ˵ϡ
ҷͭǮǺܴҪԭǣЩüӸˣͭǮǵϣֻǴ˼ͷˣߣЩüӵڻҲܱȫԼ
һͭǮ󣬻ǽЩüӱźһЩ
ͭǮ󲻹ãһգǲҪִˣлѹԹͷųӶҵΪһܹЩ˵
ǣһԼԹͷųܲ룬ڤ֮أùλѹڵԹһǱүүƽϢģһǱéɽλøѹġ
ȻһȴڻĽҰ⣬Ҳûʲôˣ˭ܹѹסڵħأ
һã߻ħΣգٲ֮ء
ǲõĻҺѦС߾пӳط滹ڵǣһǸ
ðɣǾżʶʶĿ֮죬ħ塣
ףӱףݣӱݣȥҲŵóѣ
뵽ٴջͭǮָѪ֮䣬ٵ־ͨѪķʽʼеԹ
ŵ֮еתţһȵӵ֮б˳˲֫ٺּⱻ˺ѵĸоֹڿĸоһεᵽˡ
ҺϲǿĸоǿȷʵͨһֶβʩչÿʩչһΣҶҪðΣա
ǣѾûѡ
ħҲֻһ˲飬ǹȵںֱײƺҪɲǼһɱ¾ƣԩҶ߽š


359 
κҪȡˣҪԩ𲻴Ӧ
ƴҲǵһˣҲһء
ϱһԹ֧ȫʱ߱㱻һڵĺƣҵ֮޷ôԹı֡
ǿԹһը֮еͭǮǸӦҵ仯֮ҲȾһŨĺɫɷзһ
ŵĺɫɷһõĵԵܹоΧĞųӰϣ˼Ĳ
ѦСߺܿ췢ߵĶߣɴ۾ңЩʹļ׵˵СšôֶԹˡ
Щ»ҰԹѾʼӰҵ˼άҲûйȥѦСߵʻֱӽеͭǮһ֣ͭǮҵͷϣ˵š
ͬʱ˱ҷڵϵĶʦַһ죬ҲЩӣʦҲҴʱ״̬ˡ
һһȵںֱײȲҵһͻƿڷйһ¡
㣬ǰһͷϺŵǰͭǮҲҵĲǰƶһξ롣
ǰЩ趯ʼչ˹̽ʲôЩһ׵ʱͻȻǴһ㣬æ˻ȥ
Щȥֿ֮Щɫóɱ˹
ҵǵһĨЦЩ̵Цɱ¾һ̿ʼġ
һӲʱھ˺ü־ֻһ飬ûĬͭǮʱɣͷ֮ϣͭǮ͡һֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮ⼸ʮöͭǮ֮Ҳڵĺɫɷһ죬ǼʮöͭǮٴηֽʮͭǮȻ󲻶ϵٴηֽ⡣
ٵͭǮֻʱھѾɣһ޴ĹţҺѦСߵԴ
Щ趯ߵüӣұǿһ
ǼٵͭǮǿԹ֧£Ȼ¡
ǰˣɫɷֵͭǮ˲ЩüӺ趯ײһš顱һ춯ص죬߰˾߹ͷӶʱһأЩ趯ҲͭǮײأɢڵϣͣķЩðŰ̡
ɢȥǵǰͳһܹ˳ȥĻڣ¹ս֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãǵڶϣЩǽϷġ
ҲٸЩ⣬ΪѾҪǵģڵĿҪɱŻǸҪصСŮ
һбͭǮֱӴһϵԹͷųһЩҸоࡣ
һоڵĺɫɷǰŨˡ
ǹɱɱ֮Ҳ΢һЩ
ʱѦСֿңһĭ֮󣬲ŴŵʵСšϵҲѦС߰
ûô߻ħܲܲҪӡû˵
ѦСߺٺһЦһ˵Ҿͷˡû߻ħͺá
һ֣ɢڸͭǮʱˡһ죬ٴһһͭǮҵС
ͭǮתͷһѦСߣɫС߸磬ȳȥûΣգٸҳ
ҲãҲҪСһЩ˱˵İ㡭ѦСѵ
ҵ˵ͷͭǮͳŶڿ첽˹ȥʦҲܿҵ
վǶڵʱԥһ£濴һۣԶһƬʲôûпźǸСŮ
ǲģٴμͭǮֽ⿪ʮöͭǮڶ˼ȦʲôĻͭǮҲùˡ
⼸ʮöͭǮûܵκεȴҲżջһ֮ұ챼˼һԾǰֱӴӶ˳ȥһٵȻһۣûˡ
ֻǼʮöͭǮ˵죬ڶڲϵš
ǰһĻʱһǱ龰ˡ
ҼǵҺѦСʱߵһͲʲôӣﻹһƬӣǰһò߰˸˲ܺΧҸովǴǿôģŪ죬ҺѦСһֱתСŮ̫ôͣ


360 
ǰһĻҳɵˣһֻĸо
үģҲΰɣ
أ̫źСŮȥ
ΪʲôﻹһƬӣǰòô¶
ԭҺѦС߾Ȼһֱò֮С
վԭأĳţһ֣ΧļʮöͭǮϲһ𣬳߷˹ٴαҽС
ʦ־ҵĽűߣһֱصĵͺھʾʲô
ҵӿٵתŽ췢顣
Ӿéɽ֮Ǿһڳ˾ҺѦС߻ɽϼң·һվʱ˾˵ûˣֻͣǼվϰЩ֣һʼֱߣò׽ȥ֮ϰ˵һʮֹ飬˵һµŮˣźü϶򼸰̣һڤҡ
һʮһʱǼ˶ۼֵ֤Ůˣǰһϵֵľٶ
һɢʬζŮˣɢſɲҺѦС߾һ·׷˹
ȻܲҵǣҺѦС׷ǸŮ˵ʱ򣬽ˣҵǣɽ·ͻȻȻʦָָ˷򣬽Ǵ˳ǾɽǸСŮ͵˴СỤ̫̊ŸǵĲˮ֮ҺѦС߶ԺһŴ˯ˡ
֮еһжˣҺѦС߲˯ڴϣ˯һ̵ţ̫źСŮҲȫģϿԿ֦ɢҶĹ
ҪҺѦС߳ˣʦڡ
Ȼһ֮˳
ģǴ⣬һأ
ǹ׷ǸŮ˵ģôֻһһСأ
һʼʱ򣬺һĹؼӦ·֮ģ֮
һ뵽һʱ˹϶è壬ҺѦС߲֪˵˵Ϸɽﾭ֮󣬾ͻ˲þж
ڱ죬쳣ȵʱҲͬһЩõ֦ҶͶʬ巢γɵġ
ӦˣͻȻֵҺѦСߵʶĲǶʦǻ֮еޣЩ֮ĸţһֱѵģһʼǸСŮʱ򣬶ʦ־֪ǲҪǸСŮʱһΪʦǻޣԴ󷢣İ˾Ҫҧв⻹ЩԹĴˡ
ȻСӴʱûжãѾ϶СˣԲŻ᲻ıҡ
ǰС˼ʵҸжѡ
аתǧأŽ췢Щ飬ڴʱߴѦСߵҵ˼
СšɶأŻôûˡ
Щ߰飬Ǻ˻ѦСߣæӦС߸磬ɣܰȫûʲô
ˣûһΪС˵ءѦС߳һλƵľʹ˳ʱ򻹾ĳܿһۣŷվڲԶңСžͳ˹
ֻѦС߸ոûͷˣѦСߵĽµУͻȻһֱӾͲסѦСߵĽŲӣѦС߻ǹԵǰܣֱӾͱק˵ϣʱһ
һĻҲһ˵ͽеͭǮŲסѦСߵ˹ȥͬʱҵΰεضҲѦСߵķ˹
ڴʱҽµĵҲһ룬һҲסҵĽŲӣҵθոԾͱק˵ϣݺݵˤһ¡
ţϴһ죬ϵиչӶ
׳ȥͭǮȴ׼һ¾նǲסѦСߵ֮ϣͽնϣѦСµĴһæ𣬾ͳ߱ѦС߸ովֱܿϹסˣţøҵһ顣
ǰԶǿò򷢳һ죬ǻЦ
ԣñǰòĹǻһ㣬϶
͵ҺѦС˫˫ס֮ǲĺܿͳˡ


361 СС
˲ˣǻƤԼǸҶСŮ
ǾվʮԶĵطһĿűƵҺѦСߡ
ѦСһ˵ʱ򣬲ɵõɴ۾˵ҵţʲô֣ģҳˡ
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ʱվߵСŮѡҿǸɱ˰ɣǵѪˣһ˼Ҫɽ٣Ǿõ̲Ʒ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ţС˵Ĳȷʵ򵥣ҹζ࣬ѽͽǸˣʡʲô鷳
ŵĻ䣬ڵϵſŵĶʦֶʱˣʦȼգЩŹֵԶҺѦС֣ȴΨҴʦ֡
ʱĶʦּҺѦСٴαסصĽ˼ǵϣЩϵǷҺѦС߶ϸߣʦֱQһ͹ţתʦֱ㽫ìͷ׼źСŮ
ʦཱུһĽֻȸ߸̧ǰſһļƣϵСһɫСת
ԼܹĳźСŮԶʦȻĿ־塣
ǳӣҲܹµĳǾʲôˣ϶ƤһܳҶӣⲻǳ˾ô
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СšҰѦС߿æҴ
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ʦָֽҴһϲʦֺĽͻȻһſڣ³һŻ磬ͳҹĹӷ˹ȥ
ʦָͷСףȻһĻСоȼʱǰСǻСģС󣬵ǻһײеĹϣһźɫĻʱӶϯסˣʼȼ
Ŵʧɫٵɿ˹ӣֱӻһֱֱۣŶʦ˹ȥ
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лȻһΣͭǮŶʦֵķ˹ȥ˫ŰεضһϸߣʦֽС
ʦֺĽţˣģ˵ĵǲأǴӻĺ֣ӹǾƤʵ
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ҵĻûأȻ䣬վߵǸСŮͻȻͳˣƣָͷܿͳѦС߾ץ˹ȥ
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ҲǺģ΢һ̧ͷϵ͹һʯͷҵͭǮ˹ȥǿʯͷ˵Ҳаʮһ¾ͭǮϣšһ죬ͭǮͷ˳ȥ


362 ѲӲͷ
˫־趯ħһ㣬ϵεض𣬾ʯľҲ𣬳ײ˹
ľ֮࣬ܿٴιͨͭǮҵͷϣȻ߶ͭǮͭǮֽ⿪Ȼ󲻶ϵķͭǮҵܣγһ¼ʵϡ
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һ֣ôҸأ
ԴֵǰǲЩģԴӼ˹Ǿ߰ëʬ֮ҵ۳׸ı䣬һ˻Ȫ·Ҿ磬ûʲôܷ顣
һ֮עҪô࿼ɣԣҪǴСǿǿԼȥ
Żʯľ˷ΧȻײͭǮƵ֮ϡ
ײʮֿɲȻѾѹеԹͷ˳֧ⱱͭǮ󣬿Ȼһײĺɫɷʱսˣŵ֮дһɾʹ
һ˻˫һ˼ӵ־дһƣ
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ҿٵĳܿһȦѦСҲˣɵһֵļС
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˵ţһſ˫ֻ֣չ˿ʱʮ쳣ִҾץ˹
治ϣžһǧ껱ľ֣ȥӣǿϻϵҶӶˣνĶɽ٣ҪҺѦСϵѪҺ֣ӹɿݶĽѡ
ղҺѦС֮߱еʱ򣬱ʮüӣҲŸѪҺˡ
û뵽ҺѦСߣѲӲͷ
˿̿ŷŭӣ޲ýҸʮ趯ͳץ˹ÿһдһϸڿ֮ʱಡ죬űһƤһҪǴϣƾҪϹˡ
ЩҲƶһʱЩ޴룬ľֻоֵҽͭǮٴ˰֮У˱ͭǮٶȷЩΧ£Ĵִɢȥ
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ŵĵһʵ̫ˣΪΪԹһħ״̬ԵУҲŵĶ֡
һĹҵĽŲһͱһִסˣһᣬͱ˸߿գŽҴʮ׵ĸ߿֮Ȼ佫˦ȥҪˤҵĽࡣ
һɵüǣæһ־ͭǮͷ˹ƾͭǮǣ֮һ׹Ҳûбˤ


363 ǧ껱
ˣʱ򣬲⻹ˤһصƨף۵졣
ߵǣŸҴϢĻᣬʱĸִһǱЩУ˲ͻһࡣ
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ҷ𣬳һǱĴ˼ոն㿪Ǽ׳Ҹղŵĵطʱ˼죬涼ҳ˼Ĵӡ
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ŵǲŲæҳȥһ˵ʶûУָֻЩϵ̣ҳ
Ĵ߶֮£ҸоҵٶѾ쵽һ㣬߾ǺķŽһЩһЩһ߳ſһǬ˼Żֽܻȥ
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Ȼ⼸ŻֽһóʱӲӣҵܣϵзתܣΧĞųһֹ
ִڻֽϵʱǻֽ㷢ˡ䡱һ죬ҵȼǾ޴Ҳһˡ
ֽ֮ϵԞųʮŨֽһǴִɲһ˲ͽȼˡ
ҿչֳһ˿ʹɫǼȼ㲻ٳϳǲϵĳŵĴȥͼϵĻϨ
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ˣ
еͭǮһֱͭǮ˳ȥһâһĳŵؿڴ˹ȥ
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ͭǮಡһͷ˳ȥһɫĹâǺɫĹâ֮ϻһɫɷĦƺð˻ӡ
ٶּֿգ۶
Ȼ͵ΪԼҪɹʱʼδ㷢ˣſٵջһֱֻۣһץסҴĿڵǰͭǮ
ͭǮסֹһ϶
ͷһŵļָͷֱӱͭǮˣ˵ϡ
ͭǮðһŰɫɢһɶ
Ŀɿڴ֮ʱһֻ֣һѳץ˹ʶҪȴһʱס壬ĽҸסˣŵָͷյȫĹͷ죬һϢоͷĿѣһ̾Ҫһ㡣
һ½ߣҵһܹԵĿƤһŭˣһ˫۾ĵģҧгݵ˵ǧ꣬ȴˣǲɱ㣬ѽͷֻޣȥɣ
˵ţŵеٴμأϵһһһҾҵĹͷƺҪˡ
ҵӶۿ͹һҧ֣õ֮еתܿ죬ҵٴһźɫɷħٴ壬ʼſ⡣
һǧϻҵΪħ֮£ҲԶԶĲĶ֣һ̣ͻȻ뵽һˣǸүүģ˼ҪھͺˣԸӦòʲô¶Ǹүүûдڤ֮ػ֪Σֻܶԡ
˿̣Ҳ֪ԼжôС׵ľܹЩħ
вʣҲɽҰ룬һֻǧ껱ѪҺһüӡ


364 ȥɣţ
ŹͷǡҵԺͻȻԩХľǲһеĳ˹˺ҵ壬Լһ̣˿־һԺطһ㣬Ĺ»ҵս
ڷźǱʬתɵһҵ֮бѿںֱײ
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һɸŨĺɫɷＤ˳Щϵ֮ϡ
һ̣ҵ۾϶ֱѪˡ
ҿſҵֳһ˿ŵľ֡
ţһ˵ϣΪʲôͻȻ䱬һɲ
һ̣ڵԹϵĳҵ忪ʼţǲסĽģգһҲֲסӿǹɷ顱һ춯ֱӱұˡ
ҸоԼƺôˣҲܹ΢΢һ£Ȼ䣬ҵִһǬǬװ洫ı
һֱҶһǳҪ飬ǾǷʬߡ
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ʬߣһҲܹԸš
뵽ŬĽǬһץ˷ʬߣȻ󽫷ʬ߷ĴŲסĴִ֮ϡ
ʬߴŵָʱԵĸоʬ΢΢һ£ʬĩ˵СͿʼҵ˸ҺŵӳյһƬ죬˵Ǳ˵ͷһѪһ㡣
ʬ߿һа֮Ȼɾ֮۵жߣҲܵʬߵĿƣҸŵľܽʬŵָϵʱܹĿǾʵı顣
ϾֵıԸӣɫڷڣŷʬĩ˵Сϵ˸ϵЩ޴ԽԽɣˮǱһɢĵ˵ϣܿĸɿȥһء
ʱŲŷӦ˹ͣ˼ʵ㡭㾿ʲôõʲô
ЩЪ˹ˣңȴֳһ˿ɫҧгݵ˵ɱĵʱ򣬾͸֪Լ³ȥɣţ
˵ţһε˷ʬߣŵԴ˹ȥھ֮࣬û˶ղűʬһ£ܵٶȻһЩ÷ʬһ˺󱳣ֱӾͷ˳ȥ
ڷɳȥͬʱð˹Ị̇ʱ򣬿Ӻֲ֡
ҵǿþ޴ϻϵʱ򣬷ϻѾˣвҶϻĵһвٸɿݵ֦ɵ˵ϣˤ˺üء
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Ҫ
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ſûָƣһһͷɫĳٿƮ裬ΧĞųʱһĵݡ
ſҪĽࡣ
һ󺰣Ϣĵ֮ϵʱѿһڣӴչ˹ҿ֮£һûע⣬ѿĵط֮УҺܿվ˽Ÿų˹ȥ
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ܹٸһ£޷ˡ
һҧһƴĳųɱ˹ȥȻϯչסҵȥ·ӿµǣɢЩҶҲƬƬƮһƬһƬľǵһ㣬Ķţ˷ϯſ׼ŴҪҵ


365 ɫ
һɫ䣬Ϊ֮ݡ
ƽһһ֣һǧĻ˺ա
̣֮볯ųȥҪǲˣȿ϶ҪסԼ˵
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ѿһĵط죬׳ĸǻһ㣬ͣĻţҲʤš
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ͬʱǲҲϵϮңҲǣŷʬߣһϯҾ÷ʬ߳к
ЩаΪµıǷʬߣһʬУЩаڵĸ㱻ʬɸɾģֱӱʬɢסȻֱӾͿήȥ
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ڴʱҲ䳯ͷϿһۣԭҹǲģ֮Ϲһ£ʱͻȻĺϣݣȻ˶
üһǧһֱӰȻ֮رɫ
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ʱǷѾԹɵͭǮ˲߽⣬ʧ֮УʮöͭǮһͬʱ˵ϡ
ҵؿڣȴһĪݺݵײһ£ȻӾ͵˳ȥ˵ϡ
ҵһأٴһѪȻϷһӾͽҲסˣסʬߵֻ֣Ĳס޷ٶֺ
ʶһƮҸо֮еѾʼ΢ˣҲڲһ˿ĺѾƴеܻǾ˵үҪȡҵ
ҿվڲԶǸţҵĿ˼һ˫ĵӱ㳯ҿ˹ٴ˵ǧꡭյдȫǰͣǳʮ˸Ҳ޷ֲˣԾͽңɢ˰ɡ
˵գһΣͳƮ˹ˣһҪһ£ƾƬ̵ĴϢ֮ĵϵ֮ΪУ䣬ҪɢڵϵͭǮƴһ
ǣҺ˵ҲᣬЩɢڸͭǮȻһͭǮߵǣͭǮûг߶ҲûгŷȥֻڿһΣһµ˵ϣǽϵĹâҲ˲
ɾڴʱһ˶СһͻȻҵǰϻȼСһĻ磬Ľţһļơ
ǰȻҴӻĶʦ֣ƴĿյҲ֪ܵڴʱСٴγˣģҺ
Ƿ˷ţʱѾʦַɳƮ˹
ʦҲŭˣĽ˼ζһ⣬ͳų˹ȥ
ڶʦֳ̫ŵͬʱһſڣһ΢С磬̫žƮ˹ȥ
ȻʦֿźСƺЩ΢ǹСȴǷҲʶС̫ŵһ٣ŴӿڳһĵӣŶʦ³Ļײ˹ȥ
һɫĹâתһС絴һʱҪϨĸо
ײһʱ򣬻ǱһǿҵĞųǿɫӱʦĻ˲ϯǱϯסӲûͣЪֱײ˱еĶʦ֣ҿʦٴηһҺȼյɫײ˳ȥһߣ˲ݴ֮С
ʦַɳȥʱҵٴκݺݵһ£Сһﻹ̫ˣƴıңȴǧĶ֣ˣҲ͸ɥڴˡ


366 ʮ
̫źûиûа취úչ˸ĸˡ
һмֵܣӺ־ǿǿ϶Һǵġ
СȣҢҲԷˣ˱˰ָܹʶˣСԺԸҢˣ˼ΪéɽڵĳϣȻԺܺõչһԸҲ˽ᡣ
ɣʮ֮һú
űڳⷬģҵĻҲǱסˣ˵ҪҴңɢġ
δҲ̫һЩ
һ½ʦִɳȥ֮ſͣʹĶһѾӣǿ³ɫӣƯڰ֮УɢɫâƮ˹ȥ
ⰻȻӣɢĹʣܴ˿Ҳܹо̺
Ȼ䣬һ飬ǱǱϴϵһμأ˵࣬дﵽ֮ϱڵڵľ֮ڣܹڵ߿ԼΪٲҲ٣ǿ彡ǲɶõı
ɫӣ߰˳ɵİվϻڵ
Ǵ˿̵ұסֽţбҲֻ롣
ջڵ϶ҪսҵٶҲûá
ڴʱҲ̧ͷڵĲ񷿴һۣͷܲ
Ȼ䣬ͷϴһ¡¡죬֮ͷϹ
һĿ˺ƣһ޵צӣ֮һĿӡǡ
һΣʱյһƬͨҿŵֳһĨĿ־壬ǿƯڰ֮еɫӵٶȶȻӿ죬ŵķȥ
ǿɫŻ׵ʱһӳƵ֮ڶһ绮ҹգ
һ֮󣬲ûпٵʧֱӴڵĲ֮һ¾ǿɫӣŷһҾ徵Ľǰ͵һˣΡΡץסǿűĹâɫӣһ¾
һĻ̫죬Ҹ֪ʲô飬ö˶˵磬ôŵڵأ
ŵڵ֮󣬰ϵЩʱһɣҲܹˡ
̧ͷȥŵʱ򣬷ŵĨͣܵıӶ죬ֱǿþ޴ϻķ˹ȥ
ʱͷ͸ҪǮƵģһһͽŵ󣬻мϻϣǿϻֱӴмѳ룬ٴִ֦ɱĵ˵ϡ
գűϻԱߣһΣϻ֮С
ҾͿ˲˼һĻһһ羶ֱһһңȫǿϻϣֱǿϻð̣ѿ˲پ޴ķ϶Ƿ϶֮лʳʺѪҺһء
ЩʺѪҺ㱻ˮˢضǣʮֿɲ
һʮ֮ǿϻѾĲˣ޴֦ɵ˵ϣð̣ǿϻҲѿ˼޴Ŀӡ
˶׺ǿϻŵǿ϶Ҳȥ˰ɡ
ʱңһĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴɵ㶵һʱҲ֪Ǻá
ŻһӣоЩסҵѾ뿪Ѿɿݣһѳӣһء
ңĴӵҺõԲϵĻָһĻ壬ڵָ࣬һ־ǰѵڵϵͭǮַɻҵС
Ų壬ǿϻƵ˹ȥ̫Ūʲô۶ӣԲǿϻ̫
вɵһпɻҲӦûƣǲ£Ҳ£º˰ɣǴӡ
һСƾҪŵС
ʱͻȻһ飬ҺźСŮ˵Ҫɽ٣ԲסҺѦСߣͼҺѦСߵѪ⣬ԴӵУɹ˴νѣոʮףؾҪܵĽѣνʯͷԼĽš


367 ̹
ҲŻãΪܻĳһһӣһбϣǴֵܹ˭
վð̵ϻߣаٸоᣬҲ֪ŵûС
ȻʱϵͲˣƿɢٴιգһ㵭ɫ
Ъֹһжô꣬Ǵûзһ
һƬΧ֮ڣѾһƬǽ壬濪ѣаƿط¶˳һ޴˰̣ڵϵҲǰǰһ㲻ϵң˿ҲյڵϣɿݵҶûκ
Ŀ꣬Ǹղŵһ㡣
ղǸȷ߼ֳĶҪһЩڣһûдӸղſֲлع
ĲӵϻҳһͻȻѦСߺͶʦ
ղֻŸƴѦСߺǱǸѿҶСŮ°ˣʦŵڵһ´˳ȥ
һ뵽бһͲȥϻˣǿʼΧѰѦСߺͶʦֵӰ
ڸ߶˼һߣһߺѦСߺͶʦ֣һжûлӦҲ֪ѦСߵױСŮʲôطһǣѦСʲô⣬ôѦҵ˽˵ѦңҼүӣ϶ҲĲҡ
ļǵʱȻ䣬һ촫ҵĶһϲǶʦֵ
ҳܿһۣȴûзֶʦֵӰһΪʦֱŵڵֱӸɱأһʦֻţǴӻޣǿ
ⷬڣضʦֿ϶Ҳ˵Ĳᡣ
ֺһʦֵ֣õ˶ʦֵĻӦĽţ֮䣬ԶһƬݴͻȻһ£һС۾һǶʦ˭
ֻǴʱĶʦǺ˾һ㣬һ·һҡΣǣʱҪԵڵصӡ
һʦֳ֣æͭǮķ˹ȥղŸһͨô򣬴𾪵зӦ֮žȫһʹؿڵλãջǵģԼҲ˵Ĳᡣ
û뵽ǣҴ˿ѾоԹĴˣǱػ֮ԹԶֱӡ˵еԵʡ
ߵ˶ʦֵߣ˶ʦһۣʱʦҲ̧ͷҿһۣһ˫۾ˮģģʵۡ
ƺ֮󣬶ʦҲ̤ʵһΣ͵ҵߡ
һѽʦֱ˻У̾Ϣһ˵ʦְҴ㣬Բ㣬ȰҲ³ȳȥ֮󣬱Ȼúõһ
ʦֺ˼ǻӦҵĻܹоɪɪȴҲ֪ʲôطһѡ
ұŶʦãȻĹˣб࣬ٴδѦС߼֮ûлӦҲ֪ɱСʦִ˺δ
أǰ߶˼֪䣬ֻصǿǧٿ׵ϻߣȻ䣬һֱؿڵĶʦͻȻ˾һŤ˼£Ҳ֪Ǻ⣬ȴĿ⾶ֱϻķȥһ˫۾תȡ
󣬶ʦһ£ƺҪҾͽʦַ˵ϡ
һأʦֱײײĳϻķȥܿ͵ϻߡ
Źֵϻ׺ʮΣѿӣ𣬶ҲϵĴϻʳʺѪҺ
ʦ־ϻߣſھͿʼϻʳѪ˼֮󣬶ʦƺһЩշʵСһΣϻѿ֮С
ҵĶʦֻΣգͭǮŶʦ־˽ȥ
ǸղסҺѦСߵǸ֮һʯͷǲǰҺѦСɵǿ顣
ﻹǸղսĺۼĴȫǸɿݵɢһصĹͷӡ
ʦֽ֮󣬱˳ѿľͷʼȥ׸ߵĵطſ죬һطʳС޼ݣ붼ˣЩľͷ
ѵʦһֶ˲ɣʼʳľͷС
̧ͷŶʦĪľٶӣҶЩͷˣѦС߻ûҵŵĺܣһӶҪʦָϽʱͻȻ䣬Ӷʦֵԣһ̹˳


368 ս
̹ɢһⰻȻ˲佫ӳյĵģѤĹ⻬ת
ɫĹâЩϤһ£ⲻǧ껱ڵ
һ뵽жʱһϲû뵽ʦֻⱾ£Ȼŵڵҳ
ĺޣǱⷲ
һ뵽ŵڵͻȻһֺܲõԤУݡϴϵļأһڵ֮УŵһʮΣ˵Ӧñ˲ǣڵȻڣֻһ࣬ǾŻһڣڵıӻӲд
뵽ؼʱ̧ͷŻںԵĶʦֿһۣҪſڽжʦܻΣգȴһǵ̹͵һͻȻľͷ϶˳͵ĳŶʦֵײ˹ȥʦһҺӼ׸ߵĵطײҺۼֿ죬Ƕʦֽסûˤڵϡ
ʦԻһʱﻹھ׽һЩ̵ľͷ񣬺ӣһ˫ӳƮڰ֮еɫӿȥһ̰ģ
ϻڵû˵ʦ֣ղһͨ״żǲҲ˴ˣû̫ĵС
ȻڵҲùȥͭǮ֣ڻһֱͣ
˿̣žȻûлЩֻŵġ
˵ĲᣬҲ֪ûٶԸš
˿̣ǿɫӾƮҺͶʦֵͷϣâѾû֮ǰǰҲû֮ǰˣΪһߣܹ׵ĸоɢϢ
ұŶʦһɫԶһЩвЩڣ֪ͲöʦˣŻԸǵĻڵһŵĶ֡
ʱͻȻ䣬һЩڶˣ˵СӡΣ
ŵģ滹ûб׸ȫ
ҰһͦͦظװԼûɶ¶һ㣬ʵǶֵزˣ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ųƬ̣ƺ˿̵ʹ࣬˺һŵһʼȷҪλѵҪ̺ɹ˴١ȻղҲˣʮ׺Ȼӽ;ƿݣǧУʧ߰ˡͿڵѾʮֲˡҲǲʶȻǶšǾͰս˰ɡǸȥҲΪǱǡ㿴Σ
û뵽ŻһҪǴҵ֮⡣
ƵĵͦõģһʼȥˣҪˣŷŹǣ̴ĿǶ졣
ҲʧΪǸԲߣڵ治ŵĶ֡
׻˵ĺãձ󣬰֮ϾǧеĻֵҲڵҡ
Ҳɵ˿ˣѦС߲֪䣬ȻҲ̸ǱҪóһС
Ҹɿһ˵̸ԣ㣬ֵڱǸСŮȥˣ
ֳ˺һŲ˵ѱСˡģܹоڻţСҲһûҵһӷѿĵ㻯ŶĵвߣܽΡСһٲĵطǳȥֱ֮ȥС˵˼Ȼѵġ
˵ĻҲ֪Ǽ٣ͷƮǿɫӣһЩᣬܹӵĻҵΪȻڵҲᾡĻָϻڵãҲòǣֻܹѦС뿪ԺеʱʰһȥˣٹȡϻڵҲһġٲãֹս壬ΰƽ׾ٵʰ˴š
ö⣬ұ΢ЦŶ˵šҲǲʶˣͰ˵İ죬Ǵ·һߣģǲὫ߱˵ġ
˵ţұŶʦ־ͳȥûϢ
ǵұĶʦֳȥʱ򣬸ߵſڣý״һǱʲôסˣ


369 ĺ
ţǲסҽ׵Ķ͵һҵӾ˵˵ϣǶʦִͶ˳ȥ
мƹһ㣬ϲ˺üȦȻ͵һսͽᵽ˰֮С
û뵽˳ģˣžȻҸҶ֡
͵ұᵽ˰еʱͻȻһੵĹЦŵصĿ˼Ե˵Сӡ˵ǲɵȻ֪һô׷أӽ;ƿݡոǿɹ١ҪʱСл˵Ļƻָ洦ɲҪĺϡ
Ҳ潪ϵŵʱһֱҲңһᣬûʶŵļƣϵˣûеôء
һװ¶ӣ˵š֮ǰ˵õģ㲻ܲã˻Ǵġ
Ҫ˵ʲôǴвףһҪиϼѣ꣬ԼʶЩеһЩǧ֪˶ٴĥѣ٣Դ֮󣬱زݵа춼Ĵڣƾʲôȴ֮飬裿Ȼͱųȥ׵ʶ
ŵٴαĶݺ
Ҳҷϻֱڰеɫӣײ˹
Ҽ˼£ЩģҪͨٿסͭǮǸղŵĹǰͭǮֻɵ˰֮Уͱһס˽ڰ֮зһ
Ҫҵˡ
һʱ⣬ʱĵҲǹġ
һĹǿϻڵͷɵҵߣǿڵ˿Ȼ䱬ʵĹ⻪ҿɫͷųǵһĶһ¾ײҵؿڡ
һ˲䣬ҵӡˡһҪըһ㣬ȫѪҺƺؿھۼǵ֮еı㲻࣬˿ȫǿӻ˹ȥ
ǸƤϻڵҲܹϵѪҺȡڵ֮С
ҵӾҵĶʮʹ࣬ȵСĥҵʱʹѵоѪҺ;ڴѸٵʧϻڵоۼ
֮ڣٴੵĹЦʹİӳ
ʱʦͻȻִ˽Ľţͳҵķ˹˵ſҧ˲סϵ
Ƕʦָն죬ϻڵٵתһɫĹâ˲佫ʦ֣ҿʦֱֵӱһεʦֺһﻹһҧϵȴҲ޼£Ҳϻڵ
뵹ùĶʦӦøһ㣬ڵľҲڴţڵ֮С
ԻΪʲôҪأ
Һ޺޵š
ʮ֮ҵʶͿʼģˣһҲûˣǰǿɫӣһʺѪţ
ûвӵĶһֹһָ֣ܹһĵСҲһǵġ
ŵĴЦš
ʶҪԵһ̣ͻȻ䣬˸һĺ⣬ͬʱһҲڶ
һҼԵʶͻȻһЩ
éɽ巢졣
ĺǷʬɢġ
Ƭ֮󣬵ǺɫĹâʢǰɢӨ֮ķʬͻȻǬԼ˳
ʬĩ˵Сҵ˸ţ˶ӳյĺͮͮġ
ĿǰӨɫķʬһһƮɫڵȥ
ƺҲʬߣʱšʲôǾʲô
˵Уǿɫڵҵ壬һĪǣţϿƮȥϵĶʦҲ˵ϡ
ʱʬߵٶȶȻӿ죬ĩ˵С˸ĺʱסǿɫӣһӾϻڵ֮ϣײһʱΧĞųȻһ־޴Ĳʬĩ˵Сʱֹͣ˸


370 
Ŀŷʬ߽סǿϻڵʬĩ˵ǸСѾֹͣ˸ֻĹ򣬷ʬĩ˵Сˣѷʬ߶һһĺɫʬ˲ͱĳ죬һûм
ǰʱ䣬ұĹ»ҰϽӵʱ򣬷ʬҲʹ˹ĺɫģܻи̣ɺתңתףתۣǳɫѷʬӨɫֱӾͱ˳ɫ
ܹоʬ߷ˣڼǿϻڵʱ䣬ǿɫڵҲһȵϢɫĹâȻʢɫĹɫĹâӳⳡǼȹ𺳡
ڷʬ߿ʼǧ껱ڵʱһЪ˹㡭ڸʲôǶͣˡסְɡֻҪͣʲôӦ㣡
ŵͰͬʱҲľ
һʽ̰ᣬһʽвԱУ
Ÿ̸ʱѾӦˣǴ·һߡ
ǴдȴŽҵѪˣԴֲˣŻ³
һнǾȡ֪ˣαصأ
ղҺͶʦˣҲڻڵӡ
ҲûãǷʬȻҵģǶⷨһǲô˽⣬Ʋڵ
ߣղұϻڵһɣеѾݽߣа취סʬߣҲûǸˡ
һ뵽ҸղűڵˣͷԼһۣһ֮£иǾĪϵľѪǱһ룬˶ɱ¶ֱۣƤͰ͵ģŹͷǴһʮС꣬һӾͳ߰ʮͷӡ
ŵڵǷʬͻȻ֣ҺͶʦֵסŵڵҺͶʦϵľӦñڵɸɾˣ³Ǳһüӡ
أ֮ǰ˵ʱ򣬱ˣ˶˹ͷӡ
ϵĶʦ˺üȦҲƤŹͷģһڣڵϺĽţһ˫۾ȴͬҡ
ʬԽӵĳѪŵڵȴӵȻʧɫ
ΧĞųһһĹĶݣŷʬӵĳ죬ǿڵСϵܿ͸ɿ޷ҵأܿѳӣҵһ̱˵ϡ
Ҹоʱҵض໹ʮˮһϣľֻʣһˡ
ǿڵϱʬɣŵӰӵҲȻͳڵķ˹ȥ־ҪڵߵǣǷʬǿһԞųķҲ϶ѡ
ŵִڵʱ򣬽ͱʬ߸סˣϾһɫסȫŷԵʱѾˣ϶Ǳʬ߸סˡ
˲䣬ŵϾ͸ֳľӵĵתң˵Сӡ֪ˡҰɡұ֤ԺҲˡ
죬صĴϢţѵ˵ⶼȡҡҰﲻ㡭Ѿûסˡ
˵ŵɫͱĶң˵Ҳúģһһʹ飬Ǽ̵̷ִһ㣬ȫ״εĽࡣ
ǲΣԾѲ˱ʬɵ³
ʮ֮žͻһɫϢһͬʬ߸˽ȥǧǿڵȫɵĸɸɾ
ͻȻͰ
ҿƯڰ֮еķʬߣѪϰһ㰻Ȼ⣬һ΢
ڰ֮кһ֮Ƿʬ߱תìͷ߻Ʈ˹
ɫķʬߣ̺һɰŴƮ˹ȻĴҵؿڡ
һɲǼ䣬һɱϢϯȫһ
ҵȫĶֻǹϢ˳ҵת澭ڵ֮УһĻٴηҿԼ壬һĹͰ͵Ƥٴθһ־֮еҲĵ


371 Ϣ
һĻӵʷ
һΣұĹ»קӵʱ»ҰӵǷʬҵסǣһʱ䲻֪˶ٸ»ҰɵЩ̫࣬÷ʬҲЩ޷ܣԣǷʬ߱佫һֹ»ҰתɵԹתӵҵϣҲŻħ֢״֡
ʱʬɵǿǧϻڵɫ̺ĿǧĵУһӳô࣬طʬҲ޷ܣ˿̣㽫һתҵڡ
ʱ»۵ĿɶǸԹǧϻڵ۵ҲԵתҵڣֻ֪ᷢʲôҵ嶼һʬܲ˵תƵҵڣһǶҲӰ
Ҳ֪ȥһ᲻ֱӱħʱҾȻܿԼʱ̶߻ħļǧϻڵһ뵤ǿڵ֮ڡ
ҿⵤǱѦλүģҪȻһ³ô˾ͷϵˡ
ĿǰһлǺõģ֮ǰŵڵɵľٵĻָˣԭƤһƤָֻ˹󣬽ĳԭģ
ǹɱ泩Ϣϵͨʬߴﵽҵڣһʼģǰ֮󣬵ָԭʱ򣬵еͿʼǣҸо֮Уھݣײһսǧɱ
ֹƬ̣СӶڵΪ޷ôעڡ
һ屻˺ѵĸоٴʹ
һ̣ʵǳܲסˣһʹźϾȻڳһɫͺɫһŵСơ
ȥҲ֪᲻ᱻɰֱӳƵ˶Ѷ
ҼŤ壬һѾץס˷ʬߡ
ǷʬϴһֱĴУһ꺮
ҽҧأ˫ץס˷ʬߣеǷʬ뿪ҵؿڡ
һʼʱ򣬷ʬ߸Ը뿪ҵ壬Ŀٻָջǽʬߴؿڰ˳ʱʹ˲١
ʬкܶ޷йͨҵ˫֣ɲϵĳҵڻۡ
Ȼ䣬ҵͷһڵϵĶʦ֣ղҲŵڵɣһϢ
ֻǲ֪ܲܽʬûתתƵʦأ
ʦֱģ취ĻҲԻ
԰ɣأղұǱʬ̺κõģضʦҲԡ
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һ˾һЩѦСߣСӻЩ⣬˵ԼأҪ
Ҷʵ֪ĿûҸͲ̡
˾֮ҵĲŷѦСһͬ˺ѦСͣһֱҶ߶߶˵ô̼ĿǹģϷһɶ
ǻȪ·һ֮󣬼ʶ̫಻˼飬ĵӴˣҵĵҲ˲٣ϸһ룬ŸعŹصʮȣĻ治һǰҲûʲôúµˡ
һǸֵŮˣɢŽʬϢһЩ£һֱ㲻ףǸʲôĴڣǧ֡
һصϳǣүү绰ʲ֪
֮ģéɽʱҺѦСߵֻûˣڼվʱżߣҲ顣
ãѾɽĵؽ磬ܿǾܹϳˡ
ɽؽ֮ҺѦСҲԱĿһҲоʱţ۾֮ǾѾϳǡ
ʱѾʱ֣ȵʱ˾۵ƣ
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˾ǧлһųֱˣӣӦòῪҹȥҪϳסһޣҲʵ̫ˣҲҿҹǼվһ·϶ǲϹȥġ
˾ΣҲʣ֮ǮһÿٸһһǧǮ
صϳ֮󣬱ѦС߸ȥ䣬ȥéɽ֮ǰϳүǮҸĸһ׷ӣѦС߸ȥţԺҲ
ѦСȴǹƼǻľо֣˵ҪϽȥ˽⻱ľоһľѾЩȲˡ
˭ȥûʲôüĿôõĲʣѰѵһľģ䵽һĹ϶ǻһҪزǡ
ѦС߳ҽһЦ˵㲻õģѦڽҲͷٽ˶ѦҿȻʶһЩĸ֣ƾѦҵֻҪڣ˻ܾġ


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ѦСǼңȻֽϵ飬Ҳڽ֮УаѦҿͿģ˭ҲܻǣԣѦʶ˱Ȼɫɫ˶С
ΪҽߣȻβˣˣֻҪҵѦҵģ϶⣬Ǵ֮ˣ⣬ѦҲŻ᲻ҽΡ
ѦС˵ʶʲôĸ֣ҿ϶ŵġ
һ򵥵飬һȣ֮˿϶һߣͬʱҪԼ뷨֮УһҪڽ֮Ͽ̻һЩģڷ֮ʲôļ⣬ҲǲеģһĹգиΪҪڷ֮ϵľȱһɡ취һμḶ́ûмõĽؽ𣬿û˻¡
һʱ棬ѦСߵС߸磬ʲô˸
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˵ѦС̧ͷһۣʵСţҪҪһȥ
ҺǺһЦˬشȥҿ϶Ҫȥģ㶼ȥһ˻Ȫ·㶼ܻˣֻȥɽˮʲôԵģһһЩҪȱǼվӵŮˣپһҪһéɽСȽӹҴЩ飬һȥΣ
ǺðǾô˵ˣҲżڼϢͺˡѦСߺٺЦ
ӦһѦСȥҼ䣬ѦСżؼҼүӣҲûжȰ
𣬷ֵ𣬲תʱѦСߺʲô飬סҡ
һͷɶ顣
ѦСͻȻɫ˵СţﱻԩԹӡ˵֮УһʱըʱпҪҪȻһؼһ˰ɣҼҵλүӣܹܲϵ⣬ҸүҲ˵ˣ¶ɲܵ顣
ѦС˵֣أȻȴ˼ת飬Ҳû˵ѹڵеԹ⣬һЩ᲻ãϾҵΪЩԹȻΪҲһʵûԹﻹûеһ˫нҲңһֱԥ˸ڸѦС˵¶żҴͷϵȥǼҵүӰɡ
ҲãԺСһǣñٶԹˣҾˡ
ѦС˵ţ㱧Żľоִһ⳵ˡ
ĿѦСߵĳԶˣŻλƵĳԼҵķȥҲûֱӻؼңǳҸŪС̵˹ȥ
ʱʱ֣ڻһʱ䣬ӦСæš
ϤĴ·һֱ˰СʱصſڵǼС
ҵС̵ʱ򣬰öţһһ裬ĶˣһԹһʱȥˣһ߾һ£һѶûУ绰ȻҲػˡ
ҰҲһŭ޲ҪЬӴңҪǿڲ˽Ļ
ֻøһѣ˵ǵҶһȥˣǵطƫƧֻûźţȻܸ˵ȥ˻Ȫ·Ұ˵췽ҹ̷
ҸǶ˲ǣ˵˵ǲ
Ұ˵ߵһҹңһֹһˣǰ죬Ǹ˻ǸɲžżӣӡǼ


379 үӷ
žһǼ˵ļң϶Ǹ߸ڴϼңҰϳ֮󣬻ûʲôǸ˿϶ɳǰˡ
ͨǰᵽϳǵ鶼֪ˡ
ҲЩƣǰкιɣûʲôӡ
ʱҰָֽ˵Ǵžĸɲҹң˶Ҹ߸ڴϼңһҰ趼ʶǸһ򹤵ĸǿҺøǡ
һķͷŴ󱼣ƦƦģһͲʲôˡ
Ұ˵˹ǸŸǿҵˣȻϳǴ󸻺ҹܻϰ
ʲôأ
Һү֮ĶԹѾ˽ˣ֮Ҳô֮ǰʱ򣬶ԼȻǿɣҲҸǿĹϵңδǿţʲôҪҡ
ѾЩˣҰֵĻǾһ亹Ұ˵֮ǰүүؼһˣЩˣһֱţûлؼңҰ˵ܣҲ֪ҳȥɶˣүӵɫ͸ÿˣֻһ仰һؼ֮Ͻظ绰
һȥéɽȻéɽһ˻Ȫ·ԭΪһҾܹ֪Ȫ·ϵʱȫһҸоڻȪ·ҲʹĹ⾰ʵѾȥһ¡
ôʱҶûиκϵ绰Ҳéɽڻûг硣
ϰֵĻ֮ĪЩ֣̿ҰֵĿоܹжϳүӿ϶ˣ֪ʲôҡ
ҸһкͳԼϳķӿ񱼶ȥ
æĲɿС̵⿴ܳԶ׷˵зһٳԣҺӦһʹŶʦֳżȥ
ʦֵһУоʮֺ棬ղС̵ſתţҰҲûз
һʦ־͸ƨƵĽĸңҰƵġ
Ҵҵܻ˼ţ˳Ϳʼֻ磬Ƭ֮һֶʾмʮδӵ绰үүģǰ͸ǿģȻҲٲ
ҿԺԲܣүǱҲҵ
ֻЩʱ͸үӲһ绰ȥ
绰ܿ˽ſڱүүСš
Ȼ˵ͱˣӵ绰Ĳүүΰƽ˵СŰ޴硭
ЩεӦһʵ޴磬үүأ
ΰƽƬ̣С˵ֳڰҪдӷЩͷöУһ䣬СӿҪùˣֳܲΪ飬һү˵ʱ㣬ɶ¶˳ǧҪȻСӹҪԲ˶ߡ
ΰƽһ˵ûеЩϰµģүҵȥȪ·鱻֪˰ɣ
˭үӵأ
ѦСߵ϶ûô죬ǾпéɽҢˣġ
ΰƽҢ˵ͽܣпϢǴΰƽĿתﵽүүġ
һ뵽иǲƬ̣ΰƽֵСţҪ˳үүͽйԵƬ̡
л޴ˡҿһŵ绰ֲɵЩţ֪үһôѵء
˴ԼӵĹ⾰绰
洫үүЩιһ
ҸɿһɵĺٺһЦ˵үүСţ˼ɺã
үү绰ҼãҲҪôӣүүŭҳһ٣ĸƵġ
£װʲô֪С˵үүôĻôˣ
Լʲôﻹ˵˵ȥˣүٴŭ˵
Ҿ֪үӿ϶֪ȥˣºǵ˵Ҳûȥİ͸ѦСȥһéɽ˼죬ˣүү֪ΰƽ޴Ң˵ͽܣѾҢˡɶ
¸תƻ⣬˵ص㣡үɫĴҵĻ
үүлֱ˵ˣ˵ɶֱ˵¡Ȼزǿ϶㲻ȥˣ˱׼


380 
үһĸӵͳ˵УС֣ҵ֣㣬ǲǴѦҵĺͨéɽȥ˻Ȫ·
šӦһžû˵
ǱүƺЩҧгˣŭСӵĵ治һСȪ·ҲһëС˵ȥȥģϷһֵͣطṳ̂ȥһ˵˵СȥȥˣΪλҪѦҵǸѦҵǺи̣Ϸĸ飿еĶˣǷʲôǷ˱һծô
Ҹɿһ˵үү˼°˼ҸģһΪզأҲǺС߸ö˶˵Ķô˵ˣȥȪ·ֲȥģéɽڵҢ˸ţҲûֳʲôӡȥȪ·ֲеû¶ɣֻȥ͵һ˰ҼСȻָʶڱ˰Ѿ͵ˣǶɶ¶ûУ˲ټʶð
̸ȣүֱˡ
һ㶣̲ϱôôӵģҲˡ
үĽֵɵЩ飬Ϊүү֪Ȫ·ǰյڣһ˱ǾһŻ޼Ǽ˽ȥҪүү棬ɱһѪ·Ǳųһ
ҲүӾȻүү鶼֪ˣҢô˵ˣơ
ЩεһЦֵүү¶ô֪ģҢ˸İɣéɽûе绰ģϢ졭
ˣСӾͲҪҵĻˣҢ˿ûй״¶үү֪֮үү֪ͨҵġ
үү˵һôҲû뵽ȥȪ·飬Ǹүүġ
Ȼүү֪ͨүүǾ˵үүȫĴӻȪ·ˣһĵϢЩǳԲ˯ã͵ĸүүȪ·µõ˸үүϢұ˭ˣ˷ޱȵ˵үүүүˣ̫ˣ˼أ
Ȳ˵үү飬Ȱ˵˵˵СӣԴ֮ûһʡĵʱүүڶЩˣ뵱Ͳýҵı´㣬ҲϷĵ˵˵СҪûˣүүûڽˣԺյ飬ܲȸүүкȣүӵƺһЩ
Ҳ˳¿ɵ˵үүҴˣҺѦСȥéɽʱ򣬸û뵽ҪȥȪ·ΪֱҵҢˣ¶ͽˣĳô鷳ұ֤ԺҪ¶ȸ˼ʾһ¡
⻹࣬үүʡİɣүү˵ȥ˻Ȫ·ŵүүಡ췸ˡүӿĵ˵
ﻹŸүү飬ʵүүүүͳŹصʱ򣬱һкöסˣʱүүߣԼֿЩ񣬺ôİһֱ⣬ܸܲ˵˵
үү̾Ϣһ˵һүүǵסЩԼҲˣòײŴ˳Ϊǣƾүүı£Ҳûʲôģүү֮ԷôĻ𣬺ܴ󲿷ԭΪүү飬үү˵ʱֳ֮Ķ̫عŹصֹȥ˼ŽүүˣۿүүͳˣΣ֮ʣһصͷ֣ɢ⣬Щүүŵ
ͷҲЩƣҵĿУүүѾ޿ƥеĴڣѵбȸүүҪˣ
үүȻ˵Ǹɢ⣬˭أ
Ȳʳ⡣
үү˵үүҲ˵˭ûпĿֻһӰѣȻȴģŰëƵģүү˵ǸΪǷ켫ɵõ֮ˣΪҪͲö֪ˡ
үү͸үү˵ˣû̫ȤʵүүǸүү˵жأأ
үүѾɽüˣϴδȥǸط˺أҪóһʱ䶼ٳˣп£Ҳпһ꣬˵׼ģүүҲǸ״ֻүү㣬Ҫǡ


381 мߵĽʬ
ڸүүĸˣʮھΣүү˵ǰ㣬үүǵΪ˰סЩԼȫûκ⣬ΪŸЩսףΧ֮УүүվǳˣҪȻҿ϶Ҫھһӵġ
˵ҺүүĬһүүֵСŰ͵˰ʱǲǱĹϽ
ĬĬӦһ
үӱǷʬ߿һаһлã϶ǽֵ췭ظ꣬үү˵ʬ߽ܶԩԹϣд£
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ԹǸϢʱѹڵӰʶ߻ħȥѦһˣѦλүӸƣܲܽԹͷųүүɲ߻ħһħͷʱүүɲԶԸ㣬ûУүүĿٴ
ˣȥҹԹԵػص
ˣǵ˵ô࣬Ժ󳤵ģҲϣ´ΣʲôӣүүʹȣԺ󻹸Ҳ¶ˣ
ˡˡӦ
˵ô࣬ԼŰɣүүҪæүүС
˵ţүӾҪҵ绰ʱͻȻһ飬æүүԵȣ⻹мҪ㡣
ʲô飿үԵЩͷˡ
ұ㽫ڼվǸɢŽʬζŮ˵үүǧ껱Ҳ΢һᣬֻܶ鱻Ҽˣֻ˵ǧϻ٣׸ˣҪү֪Һǧϻһܣ϶ֵҡҲֻ˵ҺѦС׽һСĻһ£ǸɢŽʬζŮʮֿɲǱϻ
˵һǸֵŮˣүӵľ裬ã˵СŰ˵ҪҿǸǸŮˣҪȻ϶ǻˣүүûв´ĻǸŮ˿ǵмߵĽʬڵʲôֻйȥ˲Ż֪үүֵиȽҪҪʰˣԼ֮үүټһֹȥǽʬˣڼ䣬Լǧ˽жգ֪
ӦһʾȻүӾ͹˵绰
һ㣬Ů˻һ൱ĽʬүүӦûɶ⡣
˵绰֮ڳһǰеһʯͷ˵أһɰ
ʱҲžöЩˣͻȻ˵гԵģ˹ȥ
ߵ丽ʱһ׽תͷȥʦڿŶеҼҵһľƵİʣѾ˴ˣͻʣڵϡ
Ի
Ҹ˵ʲôãסʲôʲôҪҪ˻ˣ
Ȼʦȴһ޹ģŰȣСβͣɵػ
֮£ֻöʦֽȫԹ⣬ʬ𼣣ҪҰ跢ֵĺãˣұ㽫Ķ˳аǼȳֻӡĵ緹׷
ӦʦҲһٺóԵģҽܳԵĶ˳һӣҺͶʦ־ʹʮӣʦ־ͷ־ƣһɸɾãҲһ߳ɱ
Թ˷֮ұŶʦֻصҵң˷š
ЩʱһֱĵԴڿߣصŸоޱʣҸޱȡ
ûκθֻúõ˯һ
ǺֱӱŶʦ־˯ˡ
һӦ˯ޱģһ绰ˣ˯Ļֻһǰģʱӣ˯ֱ֮ӸعȥģֱӾͽ绰ҵˡ
ֻǻû˯һֱһˡ
Ժ˴ʦѾſҡͷԣֱС
Ҵ򿪷ţͿվ棬˵Сţ˯ˣˣء
䣬ͷһͿҡͷԣֺĶʦ֣һһ˵СšŪģô֣ôЩҰء
衭ãһֻйģڵĳһֻϹأüǧ飬͸ҵġٺ١ҸЦ
Сӣ첻¶ЩϡŹֵĶͷһμֻġһ߿Ŷʦ֣һ߶߶˵š


382 ˹ֲ
˵ʦֳЩǺյСҰҲΪģʵ˵ǣʦֲҰǻĺ֣һֻޣŵǻ޵ѪҺҿɲҸ˵ƻὫҵ񾭲һ
ʦƺܹܵķΧûбֳ׶ģֻһֺõΧתƣĽţճԱûãӦòὫĿӸһˡ
һ֮ڶʦֵĵҲûбʾԣǾôһӦǳԲ˶ٶɣĻǴشˣʦһķȫɱһٳ2
轫ʦִӵϱһ߶ȥˣ˿ɳϵǰ
ǰһҳվӣıƺЩǣҲûеֱɳϳһ̣鲻顣
ǰ˰֣Լ̸ˣſżɽʵϸ磬˵ҺüˣǲʲôżҪҰæܿھͺãҪأ;ȥҲֲҡ
ղ˯һЩκһ֮һЩ
ҽͷ̻ҸٴοǰɫЩᣬ֮󣬲Ÿ˵Сţܲܳȥ˵Щﲻø˵
Ҳû¶͸ǰţʦĻܿҲ
ķӵλǸϵСûеݣǼҾס¥ǰְ¥һ㣬Щªװ޵ĻԣҪҰǼСľȽϽǻؼҡ
ǰľǼ¥£һ¥ǰкȥ
Ҳ֪ڸʲôãŪصģҴ˳Ҳ˽ȥʱܿ˵˰ɣɶ¶
СŰиӣʮּ֣ʵûа취ˣ뵽ҵæദʱҲˣҶҲ֪˲һ汾µˣ¶Ҳֻˡǰһɫ˵
¶ֱ˵ͺãùĨǵƨҲһףٲ˵¶ҿҪȥˡ˵ţ־ͷ˳ϡ
ǰ΢΢һЦһסҵ֣˵ģǰһ׮򵥵¾ףǲǲֵģⰸӺЩִˣϳǵļӵܣǸ߸ڴ岻ԶһСӣĻᣬ˰ˣǴ˵Ǽӵܼﶼйϵ˼ָ˳Ƿų֮󣬹¶ͷˣǼ˵ĺӣƽ޹ʵľ˹ֲڴϻԲѣҽԺҲ鲻ǸʲôëֻϢԽԽȥ˼ˣ϶еŵȻͰæȥɡ
ǰ£һתһЩǰ˵˵ǼӵܴһСӣСûϵûͰװһ٣ǼӵܵľֻǱ˼죬Ǳ֮˵ҽҩʲôĶ⳥ûУ
ǰҵ񿴵ЩƮ˵Ǯǿ϶ˣһԸ飬Щ֮˵ĻڶҽԺأ¶ûа취
ƿ˳ţ˵ЩӵǮƣͺΪǳһЩͷ˸иëϵҸǰ¶Ҳܣ϶иǼӵֽţŪҲԽȥǸܻˣǼӵܱɣԡ
˵ţҾʹӳ˳ǰҲ˳һסңЩ˵Сţ¶ɲֲܰ˵Ǽ˵УҵǸҲҽԺأ֪þȻ嶯һЩҲﲻ
һ˵滹СӲ룬еĻ͸ѲסˣСӵ꽫Ҵϻ۸ңҪҵҴѲųˣСһΪܹԣڻԲģԼã
ұִ£ǰһֱĥӲݣʵûа취ˣʹӦȥҽԺһ¡
ղײգӦ֮ǰ㿪ֱӽҽԺҽԺϤҺǴͷʱ򣬾סҽԺһߵĿҵЩأΪҽԺһжһˣǾƾʧһҲ֪ȥһˣһûκϢ


383 ɱ
ʱĺ֪ȥˣǷһܻͣӦټһ졣
ҽԺ֮ǰ֮һ¥Ĳ֮Уⲡĸˣſڵһλŵľǰҹȥ֮̽һıϢ϶ġ
һĸ첲һ˻Ϊĸ첲Щˣоûйͷһ㣬༸˵壬һƤͷȴо
Ǹ첲ϸойͷλҲһ㡣
ʮֺԴûŹֵ飬϶ʲôаˡ
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ҽ˵һֺ֢˵г棬΢ܹǵΪֹûҵɱЩСİ취ǰʵĻش
ҳſˣܹ֪Ķ˶ֽţֱɱΡ
˰ΣǰǱʲôطҹȥ
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ǰʱЩ֪룬סһСʿʵĻأȥˣ
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ǰͣһưܵСԺſڣȻ˳Ҫкһȥ
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˵ţҾʹŶʦֽưܵԺӡ
СҾסũ壬ܶ˼ҵԺҶȴûмôƵĵطũԺ϶ˮ棬ͼﻹ·Ժ˲һ졣
ܵԺǽ˲٣ҲǼʮǰϷӣȥʮֻ谵
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384 
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һЩˣһԼƽ˵ǼǸҲӦϣûУһǼˣҲѲĸϵһػüȥǾȻһоͽɻشðɣǻһĴ𸴡
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385 ұɱ֮
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ⶾһɢϣһһĸоȻҵʿ԰ٶ֣ǽⶾҪһЩʱģ̾ͽˡ
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Լ㿪ɱ䣬Ƹ۵Ĵ㡣
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˵ʵĶԹҸ֣һжĸСӻá
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ߵɱǾ޴ģĸûϵҾŷһɱ䣬ղס֣ٻˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
׷ŷӰܿ˴ӣԶԶľͿɽֿ˼ǳЩ죬пر𰸼Ҳˡ
ֻҪսһ֣ŷүӿ϶ѡ
һ׷ŷүӴӵʬߵٶҲǺܿ졣
һ·׷аСʱǾ͵˴ӶͷĻɽ֮С
׷׷ţǰŷͻȻͣס˽ŲתֱĿҡ
ҲͣʦֱȥȴҺֹסˡ
СӣǲŹ𣿡ŷүӳ˵
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ŷĬĬĵ˵ͷ˵СŰҺүүʶҲ֪Ҳ򵥣ⷬأպ϶һΪϷһȥĺǣ¿һˣûʲôǣˣնлϷˡ
˵ţŷһ֣תӵʬҪߣȴŷүүԵȡ
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ŷӵʬ峯ȥһͲӰ


386 
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һߣһھᣬ׸ò÷ŷһЩĻаĸˣȷǸиתһ룬ĸӵҲȷǸ˼ұѩޣʲô¶˵ˣֲصˣҲκ˹ܣһкûκιϵֻǸǰӣӦ˽ᣬֱƨ˵ˡ
ߣŷүеǹƶֶ֮ηͬһ㣬ǴҹƲүӵĶ֣ҪЩǷǣ
Уŷүӵ˼үүЩ飬һϵҲסȥ·
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һ㶣룬ôôԩԹյǧŵڵѹ˵֮УӦòչ¶ǣսһܹĳ


387 ͷй
ҲпսڹάңҲͺǺһЦ˾ͻصţׯ
ʱվţׯĴڣŷүӼҵķðһ̣˶ΧȻ
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388 ݶվһ
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ŵˣԼҲǱŷүӵֶŵĲᣬĸˣĹͷʳĸɸɾڵҽѧŷүӵֶ޲ߣֻĸ˵
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ҺǺһЦ˵ܰѸҰ˸ӪӡӶģ׬Ǯʱ仹ء
λүг˼䣬ͻȻүֵˣСţҰҹֶéͻȻ俴ݶվһˣһĥǲǰ֮󣬼ûʲôֵǮĶȥɣϸ缸¶ء
үһ˵ǡ⡱һ£ҵһ뵽Ĳ뵽ԬǸӣԴǴ֮ҲϳһʱˣСǲ֮󣬹ұأ


389 ͼƱ㺦
һ뵽飬ĪЩ֣̿ԬС·ƣʲôأ˵Ҫŵģ¶һܹĳҼûˣ϶µסַô࣬һʾ֪ˣȻǰҰľַ˴ֻ֪ҪϸһܹʲôüĿġ
Ұ迪С̵رԱߣ˵ѾʮְȫˣصҲʱʱ̶̿עҰǱߵ׻˵ĺã͵ǣֻҪԬҪҰ費ܻҵֵģͻȻ䣬ҸоҰﶼЩȫˡ
ΪҵԵʲô⣬Һڶûеطȥ
Īľͼӿˣɫ϶Ҳÿ飬ЩԱǼүӺҼҶû
־ǿүһҵļ򣬹еʵСţզˣ겻ģؼҿʲôûС
Żعǿ򶨣Ǽλүӵλүû˴ǼҰᵽ
Ǽүһ£үǰ¶Ǵ˻ûʲôˣСŰɫãǳʲô˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûСҾôһʡ
ҶλүӵλүүҿŵҪİ˴Ҽҵ飬ӺͶСǸҴ绰֪һң֪Ұˡ
ǼүӦһ׷׵ͷҽʣµǴ̸ǣҴҵĳԼȥ
ŽҳĽҲûŻؼҿǴԿˡ
Ժǽסңұ˶ʦ֣һԺǽֱӷ˹ȥȻ˴
ڵϹģҲ뿪ƣԴ֮ҵҹǿ˲٣ҲܹתһȦҽʦַ˵ϣԼתơ
϶û٣Ҳûбļһжߵʱǰ㡣
Σ͸ӷˣ˶ǻһЩֻ֤ͼƣǶû٣ȴҼǾǿܺ
ЩǱɨһҲֵǮĵľ˱ҪҼ˵ġ
᲻Ԭأ
תһȦֱ֮ӻصҵԼϣϸϸ飬ԽԽǵսľ
ŻŵԼֻ͸սһ绰
ոմŷʱʱոյС
绰֮ͨ˳ˮ
սʲô飬ϼҹ˵ս˵һ£սҲЩ
Ҹս绰˼ս徯һЩһʱ䣬һҪտҵĸĸ˰º֡
սһ㣬ҲԬСӹ鷳
ʵصһֱѰԬǸʦ䣬ʦ˺ʯһ㣬һѶûУǶڰҪҸɽҰèʵ̫ˡ
սԴʮأұ֤İɣСţصſڣԬСӻܷɣصſһŵϴүǾصԪϼȻˣΪĺܣֳмӣѾүӶˣעǱߵĶİɣʲô⣬ֳļտãصҲͲøˡ
սĻҿ˲٣Ҷʾ˸лžСల˲١
˵⼸رüصԱС̵ſھ䣬һ飬϶һʱȥ
ָ䣬Ҷ˵绰أڴϣﻹЩġ
һһҲģֻҵ˺ǣҶǡ
ֲүүôʱüŻһμңҲԵɵģүү£Դڿϵ飬˲ٳңǵҵҼﱨ
ãϾ˶Ƕصģˣܹƽô꣬ǲס
һ̤ȥͱүһʼУݿҲܹˡ
ۡ
ڴϣԴſգôȵʱЩʱһֱڸæƴ򹤵ӣһƽ
ʲôȥ룬۾ֱĶ컨壬Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ֻͻȻٴһ绰룬Ǹǿġ


390 
һصϳ֮󣬰˵кüңүүǰ֮⣬ʣµľǸǿˣһģǿҴ绰Ҳң˵˾Ϊͬһ顣
ҲؼһãһؼҺö֪ɶʱҵǳһæˡ
ûƬԥֱӽͨ˵绰һͨǿǴɤűСŸ硭ô
ϻ˭ɶ¶ʵ
ѽǸͨ绰ˣǰһֱ绰Ҳͨȥ㣬尢Ҳ֪ȥˣɰҸˣأǿЩļǵʵ
ڸ߸ڴ塣һص
Ҳǰᵽϳôֻص˸߸ڴ壿ǿƵ
û¶Ҿͻҵɶ¶ʵ
Ȼ˾ͺã¶ڵ绰Ҳ˵ʱûȥ㡭ǿֵ
ɶ¶˵вУЩͷˡ
ѽ¶˵Ǳĳӳ¶ˣ˼ֱӸ˵Ҹ˵˵æţɶ˼Сձڱĳ¶ϰԵˡǿЩ̾Ϣ˵
ҿүģϳʲôʱܡйĵ¶ֱӴȥ͵ǻң粻Ǻôʵ
СŸ磬֮鷳⼸СձǮƣһй򣬴Ҳ򲻹ҲϲߣͷˣϹ֪ˣˣôˣϢ
ʲô飬ǿ͹ҵ˵绰Ūһͷˮﷳġ
̾Ϣһٴ˴ϣ飬һһֳôӣ治֪Ժ󻹻ʲôϡŹֵ顣
ĥţ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬һֱﵽҷҶԵĶʦͻȻһٵĽ
ʦЩԣܵ˿֮Уʦſڿſڣһ˫צƴİǳţľʵŶڳһ
ʦӺҪȥӡ
ߵ˶ʦߣʵСԻɶأ
ʦֻͷһۣһ˫۾ǽɫصĽš
Ȼ䣬һ΢ͷϴ˹ҵ˲ͱˡ
æʦһƣҪκζ
ʦֺϣͶſڣһֻһ˫۾Ŀҡ
˶ϸ˼žҹ˲עȫϸĞų仯ΧĶ
Ƭ֮󣬴ͷִһ΢춯˵˫ŲƬϵ
⶯΢ǶʦѣҲĻǸġ
ˣ
Ҵ˵Ϊͣ϶Ǹ֡
ҲˣҸײˡ
ǻɶ˵ģȻˣǾҪҼҵʲô·ԬұĻʱ򣬶̶̵ļµĹ⾰Ͳ֮ǰǸˣ̵ʲôˣǸǲܵ顣
ֽʦִӵϱʾҪٷκ졣
͸ԺһۣһۿȥȻһһèԺٵƶһɫװֻ¶һ˫۾ڰҹ֮ԣҲǸ֡
۾Ǻ˳ſſƶʱһſͻȻĳȥһƣһбҵĿұƣһĳȥ֮һŶĵķ˳ȥһ죬ֱӳǺ˵ž˹ȥ
ŷɳȥһɲǼ䣬ҽŽжʦҲ˳ȥʦ֣׽ģ
Ҳ֪ʦܲҵĻǱ׷ɳȥ֮󣬶ʦ˸һź⣬Ǻ˾˹ȥ
ҽһѽͭǮǬ˳ҲӭǺ˶ȥ
־ȵǣǺ˺зһ㣬ųײȥʱǺ˾ȻһԾ𣬽Űһż⣬ֱӴҵͷݶ
ҿĺܰŲԬֶΡ
һݶʦ־һգͭǮԺ汼һתݶϿȥݶϾȻվˣһ߿˹
ƺǱҷˣһͻȻһ֣˵
˵գ˰ȾܣͬèƬݶԾһգۼܳȥʮԶ


391 ıζ
õĽϵĺڻ˼Ǳ˸ˣϽܡ
˵ˣٶȿľ͸һƵġ
үģײ˻ܣûţ
ҽʦַ˵ϣԺﲻҪܣ׷ȥˡ
ֱӱԺǽԱߣԺǽȻֱݶǴķӻ϶Ǵ߷һһ䣬˴֮ľ벢Զݶ֮һֱŴӶ߿񱼶ȥ
ӵͷһƬѵĻĵأ߾һƬӣӾ˵ͷ˺Ǳͷķȥġ
ݶ֮Ѿǰ񱼳ȥ˼ʮ׵ľ룬ƮƬŲմأĹ򲻵ò
ȻҲǳصģĵ˵еҲһ񱼣ܿ͸Ǳ˶ʮ׵ľ롣
뵹ǿԼ𱱶ͭǮɱĿǰǻڸ߸ڴ壬ҲڴǶ֣ɶҵ׺ھӣҲ˼޹֪ƽʱԴ˶ͺɱ˵ı¡
ԣڴһ·ֻǽ׷ǲţû֡
ڲǶֲ˼ɣ׷ǽ˱˰ߴ˹
ôԶҸ֪õʲôǡಡƿ죬϶ǲ٣Ƿ˴ѰæһΣһݶϣһѰʹƬ֮ϣֱƬ׷ɣĴɢ䣬мöҵӷɹȥģ׼ͷȣȫǱҪġ
˾࣬Ȼȴ֪ǵҼʲôĿģʲôأ
Ҫ֪𰸣ֻһ취Ǿ׷ȥסһʣǿ˵ΪĹҲǳ֮ܲǵĶⶼһǳ⡣
绰սǣæʱȣֻҪһ˾ҪǰʧˣߣҸոոս绰ãҲǸոջصе߸ڴкóһξ룬ϹҪһСʱϣˣƻ˶ˣԣֻԼԡ
ǰ˸ոշ갵תܣҹŵҹʮˣ˶˯ˣǰϷǾ˲ˡ
һ·ͻȻ˳̧ͷվŵĵطһۣſڱСšҹĲ˯ڸɶء
˺־ǿүСʱҾͲǸʵӣӺ־ǿǵ񵰣ҲϷߣº㣬ɶ¶ɹڴ˵УҾһ־ǿүļСʱͱҴס˳ˣûٰүֱһСҲû־ǿүƤƬûԥ׷˳Ŷͷȥ֮Ҹ˵ͳ˴ӣſѵһƬɽؼ׷
ǰ׷ӵĹ⾰ŴԽԽԶˣܵߵ׵
ٶһûżֱ̤׸Ӽ񱼣Ǳ˸ˣȻȵŴͲɣⲻǴ˵вϷɵָô
ҲһעȫʱҲƮƮģҲ̤ŻĲݺ׸һ·񱼣ָоʮֳ졣
һƬ׵أǰһƬïܵɽ֣һƬɽ֣ŷɥͷˡ
ߵķͷʺĵطľͷһƬɽȣ·ˣǵʲôĿأ
ѵǱ׷ĻŲ·Ǻʶĳͷķܵģ
ԣôоЩıζأ
˿̣ѾԶ˸߸ڴ壬ֳʲôһĶҲ˷
Ǻðɣүݵǲˡ
һ·ϣҶǱŶʮ׵ľ룬ۿžҪǰɽ֮Уұתһµ֮еýµٶȻһ£죬һ˲͸ʮҵľ롣
ۿʱѵֱӽеͭǮ˹ȥ
ͭǮɡ
ͭǮһɵУܵͿھǣ˲両һĨ⣬һ죬ͭǮ˲ͻ˼ʮöͭǮɢȥһͭǮĶͷŷɢͭǮһۣҴǵ￴һľ֣һ˴һãһ˦֣ʹһѰɢͭǮ˹


392 ηʥ
һѰҲʮ׼ͷһִͭǮͭǮ棬һԾһͭǮ˶ȥ
ľԳһ㣬һ˴һѰ֮ڵأһ¹ȥ߰Զӵķ񱼡
ЩͭǮȫ˿մ׸ӱضϣۡ졣
һĹֱȥ˶ʮԶͲͣҴһա
ѾЩԾˣǺǹҳģǰ˵ʲô壬ҹȥѾǼϣòһȥһЩвʣҪһͷˮ֪ʲô·
ʹһ㣬֪ǰܴΣգһ޷˵׷ȥ
ǰʮӣ׷˾ƬȻ䣬˵ӰһΣͻȻʧˣһŽŲҲŻ
ƬӣϤͨͷıؾ֮أСʱҺһСȻȥͷһƬӵǾԶʲôطиģܹˣһ
£ͭǮ˶䣬ϸΧĶǰ
˴Լʮ׵ʱͻȻƬһ֣ܹסˣǸط׻˵ĺãû棬ȴһ˵װµļǰߣȴڰ־пٵĬͭǮֳһźʱֱӽͭǮǴصĹִ˹ȥ
ͭǮڰ;֮оͷɢ˿һ춯ͳŹִ˹ȥ
׳ͭǮͬʱǱĲݴԵסĹִ˷һǲݴԺһζ˴Ӻ˳
ͭǮȥԤףڻĲݴԺ˻ûü˱ͭǮУѪɽ˷ƺ֮˵˵ϡ
һһе֣бһϲæջͭǮͳŵڵϵȥ
ûǰͻȻоͷЩ΢죬жʱ͵̧ͷȥͷҲվźüˣżһ˿׼ңҶûüϸεض𣬳һӸһֻɼʹҸղվĵطֱĵ졣
ҹһ֮ɲͣЪǱĳһԹ䣬ͿһֻֻɼͲҵ˵ϡ
һֱһôԱߣҲ͵ǿôĺ档
࿪ʼѡ
үģΪֻأԭô࣬ǰ㣬ҹǵ˵ֶζôǿǱô˸ΧסˣҾҪΧ֮ˡ
У
Ҳðˣɽڣûգһ߰ɡ
ʱ򣬵ǼôϷֱˣȫҸղվĵطʱҲſЩŵĶǹǵϻеĹ䣬еıϣһѵأԶߡ
ղһæңҶǿô治ͣĴϢţЩϵ˻֮ȫ˹󣬶׼ҲĴ߶
ղŲǲݴԺˣͭǮˣһ˺˵ĻͦأͬţһֱѪֹ
Ҷ֪ʲôʱϵģҲװɡ
ɤӣǼ߹ĺ˴˵λϵѣǲҴˣǾǺηʥ籨Ǻúһ£һʹɱɱİɡ
ȻǱ߻ӦҵȴһֻķɼҵͷƤͷ˹ȥһ亹
Щ˵ķӦȫ϶ˣԤı֪Ҷ೤ʱأžҪɱҵġ
صˣǴģǾ仰ҪȡҪԼɥ׼
Щ˳ұƽٴνͭǮ׷˳ȥķ߶֮£ͭǮգۼͷɢ˼ʮöͭǮ߰˸˴˹ȥ
Ҵ۾ǣǼ˾Ȼֱóһƣ
ûпǶƣó֮߰˸һţһŪĸڹƵģЩͭǮȫƹƹҵĴǵĶ֮ϣһȫ˳ȥ
ӣǺ֪ı£ǰ׼


393 ʦ̫ţ
ԽԽˣүģ˵ʲô·
ҵһжʹͭǮ·˷׼
ͭǮʺϵԶ빥Щ˶ú˶Ƶңһڹǣˮ©ҵͭǮЩ޴ˡ
ˣҵָƣҶȴһ֪˱ľء
ǲզ˵ұҪ취ӳȥ˵ܽС
գۼĹЩɵĶֽ⿪һеĹϵ˳һ죬ЩһֻŶƣһֻŶ̽߿ɢٵ˰ΧȦҪȺ֮Ľࡣ
ҴɨһۣǱ֮ǰͭǮ˵ģһ˵ֱۣѪֹһǱͭǮؿڣȻû˵ҪǸλҲˣҪҪӳȥȻҪ֣ɱһѪ·
ϣң׼Ŀ꣬ջͭǮͳ˵˳˹ȥ
õǡϴϼصŹéɽԪȭʽȫ˽УһͭǮ֣߶Ӱ˵˾ͳ˹ȥ
ЩĸҲǳصģϵһôûҽʱŶƵĺ˶һöƼסҵͭǮȻӶͳ˵ͽҵظ˹
һΧ֮Уǵùˣ˲䱻߰˸˸ΧϣӦӲϾҪéɽŹţټϴ߶˵еܹĵˮ©һӲҾͱЩ˿ࡣ
⼸һ׶󷨣йأһ飬ҲԳһ飬˷ɱҪգսֻһӲҵĸ첲Ͼͱĵ滮һѪӣѪ˳Ÿ첲һֱ䵽ͭǮϣͭǮȾһѪ⡣
һѪãֻҪǿѪ⣬ŭͱŷ˳ǿԼѪʳ۾˲ͺˣЩƴɵơ
һҧǸĻһ͹еͭǮҵǵĶֱðӣƵ˵ĺˣһƣһ˴ƶķ˳ȥײһôϣΪ˸ĴǣҵĺҲһѪֹ۵졣
򿪵ĻڴȥܿŶƵ˶סҵȥ·
ҸоԼһ߰˸͵죬ʼûһ˵ֻƴекȥҶټӣͻᱻҵ
һ̣ͻȻһ飬Σʱ̣ҪҪֻѹڵеԹأԹһͷųħ壬ΪԸ߰˸˾ͲǱˡ
һЩᣬһħ壬ԼƲ֪Լզ죿һ߻ħԼϵԼ˭ˣǰǵĴӣҪǳ嵽ɱ䣬үү϶ɱҡ
ڲ֣ò˶þͱǸˣʱھˡ
о᲻ʱͻȻ䣬۽ǵ⿴һźɫСڳ߿ٵı
һ۾˳ɫСǱģǱҷڼ￴Ķʦ֡
Сһôˣ
˶ʦִֹ⣬ټһ˵ʦ־ͻҴһͻƿڡ
ţұҧͦһֱγ˼˿ڡ
֮󣬶ʦ־ܵߣȼһС磬ֻèĴСЩȫע⵽˶ʦ֣ȴûнʦַҲ
ʦһûзһֱӳһ˾˹ȥǺ̧һţͳŶʦ˹ȥһһţֱӽʦߵķ
ǸжʦֵļһȼһŻ磬ûκ׵֮£ŻһӾӵǺ˵ȫǸϱһ㣬䡱һ˾͵ˡ
Ǹ˷һİɽҰ֮лصϢһļƤ
ѽڶ֪ˣʦ̫ţˣ֮ǰզûзôֶΣϵĻֱӾͽһ˸ˡ
ǼһԼͬ鱻ˣŵ뿪۾ֲܻ̿ţƺѰҶʦֵӰ
ǸʦϵĻŵˣҽ֮󣬺ܿû˶˵ڵϵʱˤ˺ü飬Դ䵽һߣ滹Ż


394 ζ
νеĹҧˣʦԣͷһɱУֱӽһ˸ˡ
ȻʦֲǹĻЩСҰͻȻɱ˺һУʵҲҸ޵ˡ
˵Ҳ֣ʦȼճʱҲѦСҲǴʱ򣬲ûиоʲôûһȵ¶ȣ͸һʱʦһɱһҴûʦֻô͵ʱ
ѵʦȼյЩС绹˵ģ
Լ˾Ͳգǵ˾ʹɱ֡
ǣʦǰøҷһǧϻڵԵʣ˵ʵҸоǿǧϻڵҶ֮һʣµȫʦ̵ָˡ
Ϊֹǲֱɵǧڵѹҵĵ֮УԩԹһҵΪʱ޷ⲿǿԣһֱûиоǿǧڵʲôá
Ƕʦȴһˣ˼ҿǻĺޣӾǸ޵׶ʲôܳԣǧϻڵǱҿ࣬ûĹ⾰ѾֳЧ
ʦͲһӣҴסˣЩŶƽΧסĺҲŵĲᡣ
ղŻһˣͱʦִһ£һӾճ˻ңаŵ˭Ҫ¡
£ʣµ߸˵ˣҲû˼Χңǻֵ̿ĳţŸղűһ߷ɵĶʦͻȻð
ҲأղŶʦֱճɻҵĺһ߷֮ͻȻʧˣҲ֪ܵ
߸һ߾ĳţһ߲ϵΧȦȥ
ϱ˼ӣѪֹʱȽϺõԵʣѪֻһԼסˡ
ЩǱʦָŻˣʱܵʱǻֲ̿ʱ׼˸ղһͭǮ˵ˣɱ˹ȥǸؿ˵ļһԭһתԴĹҾͱߣӽͳԴȥ
ȻˣȴҲǷ֮еĶֵеͭǮʵʵĶϣðһŻӣһֻУŻк֣һȥֵ֮ƴʵʵĴǺ˵С֮ϡ
ƱһɾҪģһĳȥ֮ǺһſھһѪȫҵϣ˳ȥݺݵײһô֮ϣһأԴԱһᣬ
ƿҵĿұ죬Ǻ˱ͱˣһȥǱɡ
ԵӦ˹Ŷƺʹ󵶾ͳҿ˹
æ˼ʱ򣬱ɳȥĶʦͻȻһԵĻĲݴ¶Դһ˫۾һۣڳЦӡ
СȫһС˵־ģ챻ҵɱˣйЦ
ʦ¶Դ֮ЩշʵӺܿʹӲݴ˳׷ҵ˱˹һ߱һߺĽš
Ǵ죬һʦֵ׷ҵĺһ
һΣʦһ·ֱײȼһŵС磬ֱӹˣ˹Щ˶ʦֵ֮û˵ǰֹʦֵȥ·ܿʦ־͸һһ
ҴŶʦתͷܣǰܿӭˣὣϣǶʦͻȻʹһײ˹ȥڶʦֵһ׶ߵʱҿſͣ³һǺҰСĻ磬ֱһȥˡ
ǺδˣҲõȥʦ֣еĶӭ˶ʦ³ǺҰСĻ硣
ĿǺҰСɫʺĻһӾײŵĶϣǸ˵ĶƶʱһŻССĻ磬˲ĹͽǸеĶյͨ죬Ǹղˮ̳֮һ㣬ǸŶƵĺ˵ϴһ죬֮Ʈɢһɿζ
ţһİ쳹ҰҵĶ졣
Ǹ۵ӵбСյĳĶƣһֻҲˣ۵Ĳͣ˦ֻ֣ⲻ˦ãţһŻ˳ֺܿӵ˼۵һͷԵڵأشɱһĺ


395 Ŷ
ߵͬ鿴Ǻˣæȥ˻һ˽Լ·һ˴򣬱ߵǣʦֿ³Ļ񲢲ͨĻ𣬺ܿͽ˻·ˣǻ˳·һֱϴܣȻǸ˶ܵ꼰ɫĻܿҲܵϡ
ҿԱ߻һۼֿ죬쵶ն飬һͽǸ˵ĺ˵ĸ첲ֱۺܿҲˣѪȶֲĳʵҲŵ
Щæ֮ʣҺһʦ֣ǰһͳ壬ʦǰ棬Ʋɵ͵ģ˭ҲҴâں׷ᣬܿɱ˰ΧȦǰһܡ
滹ŵĺ˻ˣȴһԲ׷߶
ղŽҴӸ߸ڴƬӵˣȵƬƾðһ
һƴɱ֮󣬱ʦˣһһֻ첲һ˱һƸˡ
̶̵ļʮӣԷһˣʣĸǿս
Ҳ˵ˣܱʦʤҲֻѸٵ뿪ϳǵķȥѰԮ
Ȼȶʦִһܳȥ˺üصʱǾͳӣߵҲŷ֣ʦһͲ·ûܵȴǳͷķܵģͷķǸ·ǰһƬɽǰ£Ǽ׷ᣬһֱǱһҵľ롣
ȵͷ֮󣬱డǱ˵öʦͣһᣬүģȻͶ·ҾͲˣͺʣĸҺͶʦ֣ƴˡ
ҽͭǮٴǰǼŶƵļһŲŻһһĳ߿
һͭǮʦҲٴһ㣬ЩǿĺӺ㣬һʱȥƴļơ
͵Щǻʮ׵ʱҵͻȻִһϸƽȵĽŲ
ҵСѣתӣ۽ǵȥƲҿվŵ˵ʱ򣬲ɵңȶʼˣΪҿվŵĲֹһˣһӲھ޴֮⣬վ߰˸ˣ׷ҵЩһ㣬һɫľװȫʵʵֻ¶һ˫˫ݶ۾
ôȵ죬һѵ
ͻȻðһһϡŹֵ뷨
ô˵أ
̫ôùˣʦǿԾһģͿڲʶ·ܵͷһΪҪɱҵЩܹǰ˸أ±ˣͷһڵңûһ
ܹоĵʮԶЩ˵УǸӲھ޴֮еΪߵһɢǿĞųȻ۾Ҳܹо˫۾һɨ˺ü顣
񣬿һһ㼦Ƥ
վһҶЩҲûзΨжʦֺ﷢һ׺ݵĵͺǸèһ㣬ȫûʲô
ǴŶļһ￴һ֮󣬱İ˸˻˹һߣǺһ˵ĵǼôʱһ뽭СɱҪǺã
ԭ׷ҵŵĽֵıж˵ϣĹһ˳ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ɱǴһҰһĹӺﶼ𣬸ղֵһʱ⣬ϵĻһҪСİ
ǸŶļһҶʮ׵ĵطͣͷſڵϵĶʦֵķһۣһɲסôܵСֺ޵Ϣ
ҷеͭǮǴŶ˿һ֣˵˵λ硭ǺʶɡΪҪ׷ʹ򣬷Ҫأ֮ʲôԹĻȫԳģʲôĲԵĵطǸˣαطҪأ˵ǲ
ٷϻ潻µ飬Լ˶ϣǱԶأǴŶļһĿڴӶʦֵŲҵϣݣûκء
³һƱҪһսˣȻ˵ֻͨƴҳʵλʲô·Ҫȡܸ֪ʲôϰɣ


396 Ļ
֪ǴŶļһƵЦһ˵
ȻҪ϶ҲҪף˵ǲҵ̣۾΢΢
Ȼô֪ĻǾ͵֮Լȥүɡ˵ţǴŶļһһ֣ǰ˸ͳ߳
һᣬɵŭգүģȺᣬֻһҪɱңŶȫҷĽࡣ
ȻˣƫܱǸСˣҲŴдƨǻ֪ҲǷﴳģŹߴһصңǼĻ˲ɣ
һʼתйĵҪѹڵеԹͷųħ壬ɱһɸɾ
ڴʱַһĪ飬ͻȻʱ򣬸ߺҵ֡
˵˵ҹôܵˣһͨҡڼʮԶĵط
һЩԭҳɱĺ˶ʱͣס˽Ų˵Ǹž޴ĺ˺档
Ҳƣɽ֣֮ɫͷʲôôĵӣҹܵ
ܶ죬ҵ磬ӦǸ˰ɡ
֮䣬ʹӺڳɽ߳һˣ˴һõɮۣһĴţ·ǣһҡΣϻһֺܼЦݡ
ôʧѾõǸôԼţ˵̨ɽ۾ʦͽܵλ
һɱʬ֮ѶҲ֪ܵȥˣֺð˳
⻨УлʮֻϲģǼЦݣһȥһٵĳ嶯
дҡڵĳ˹ûΧߵЩˡ
ȻЩҲ֪ͻȻðĺ˭߽ʲô˲ĸ֣Ȼóһ·ֱߵҵߡ
ʦֲϵûУ죬˻һ㻹࣬˼èһֻɿҲûⰡ
ʦƺܹеĻƾҪȥҽʦֺֹסˣʾԼˡ
߹´ۣٺЦӷ𡭡Сָ˸أѪģ˵ôôùÿ㶼˸ɼܣһǡ
˵ţ˵һסҵļ򣬸ԶҾŵϳζֲ֪ûϴˡ
ôҵģɶûʵ
ǻҵļ˵ǶǹĽˣ㲻а
л˵ƨţû¶ˣæ𣿡һҾ֪׼ûʲô¶
ȻǻмһЦƨɶһң˵ɶ¶Сɮɬⲻתϳôﻹһѣ͹㻯Ե
ϴνҵǮûأһͷ
ϴβǰôССûУϽóҪȻҿɲ㡭вҵ
һƿ˻УôϵĺζѬֱΣ֪ĻΪء
ǮԺ˵ߣڴңһȥ֮㡣ҵ˼ԲǾûиϽߣһ˿ɲʬţǴŶļһ֪жͣڲִ£ҲǶһĶѣԷȰϽ뿪
̧ͷɨһȦΧҵЩˣҡҡͷ˵Щܸ㶨ţذɣ
ߣҵһۻ˵
Ǻã˵ģҾڴ㡣ǻкٺһЦתҪߡ
ʱȺΧҺͻеĺ˴۵Сۣһȫˣ֪ͻȻð⻨оʲô·
ǵķϻûУˣһŹɱ⣡ǴŶļһʧȥģһ֣ٴЩɱ˹
ոŲĻתһ֣ȵȡ
һ³ڣʮ㣬Ϊ֮һһֶεģڵķʨӺ
ЩҲˣͶס˽Ų
һֻøƵģָǴŶĺ˵ӷȺ군֪Сɮ˭ôǾ͸Ҷ֣
ǴŶļһﱻеƸסˣʵ˭ɡ
ƶɮ̨ɽ۾ʦĵģСɮǸʦһ·ˣҸѣʦ۾ʦԱ߿أǶԣ


397 ޵
ǰɣ⻨оȻһС
׻˵ĺã޵УҪĺиǽ˵зӵ˼¡
ϴζԸʬŵʱõһУŵʬһһ㶵ģһǹʼʩҪŻһȺˣȻ˶ɵӣֻͼʹ죬ڿ˵̨ɽ۾ʦͽܣ˵۾ʦһţûаŵģĻͲš
֪вһУ˵ʲǫ̂ɽ۾ʦͽˡ
Ҳ֪еͼɶ󻹲һ˽ҴЩĺá
Ȼ⻨ҪϷŪһȺˣҲЪЪֽţȥɡ
һһֽţͷһſ߾ĳŵĶʦ֡
һקĶƵģƲĸʲôƵģӣĲǻ۾ʦͽܡ
ſڱ˵۾ʦʦҾͷǴŶ˵͵һŲЩΧǵĺҲеıУʧĳܿȥ
̨ɽ۾ʦ˵̵һ֣ʵʵĸɮ˵ЩˣǼ۾ʦġ
۾ʦн˲֪˲һ˶֪ͷɼ۾ʦжôˡ
Щܲ£
ȻЩɨһȦ֮󣬲ûз۾ʦӰ֮в⻹Ǻɲ
ЩûбеһջߣǴŶĺһ£Ի˵λСʦ㵽ǲǻ۾ʦĵӣҲܻ۾ʦڲǶǽˣ͵ðսϵĹ죬ֻ˽˶Թش̨ɽӦûɲִ²ǣ̨ɽȻڽպգǲսϵĹ£Ҳ̫ðɣ
ѽһŶʲôˣԶ٣ǲսذ£˵ˣĵѣΪֵ߲嵶ǣûɶ˵ģҪǸֵܹȥҾ͸ǹȥҪǴأҾͽʦأȥ¶û𵢸СɮǮüûԷˡ˵
ⶼʲôɣžҾΪ˽Ǯүġ
˵ǴĺЩˣǿѹŭ˵СʦǱҪɱ¶ҲûҪǮƣܱ߱ǣ޶Թ˺˭ÿ켴ǻ۾ʦҲð֡
ЦݣǴŶĺ˺ٺЦ˵Ǯƽ¶
ǮͿߣܿ۱ǡǺ˳˵
Ǻã˵ġ˵ţ֣ſָͷ˵
ǧǴ˵
ҡҡͷ
򡭡ǴЩˡ
ٴҡͷͷ˵ѽ˵զôСأ¶ô˵ҪȻҿʦ˰
ôˣңǴŭһг׼ŭˡ
һ䣬һţϵ·ĵһɱ
Ҳˣͷˣлй򳶵ô໹Ҫ
Ҳ뿴мǳˣֱͭǮҪȥǴļһһս
ȻһԵĻȴסҵļ򣬼ЦŸǴ˵˵λ¶ĿĸǶΪ˵ôڸǿЦôҪұ֤ǻĺܲңͽʦŲţ
ҾͲ̨ɽô׵ĺУǽ̨ܽɽĻ۾ʦϷˣǴļһҧгݵ˵
˵ģһʦֱܰ˭˭Ǳʮ˱˵ȫһֵĽࡣ
û׵ЩˣëҶ֪ľ仰Ѳ⻨лܽ۾ʦ
ҲЩãˣɻ䣬ǻоͳɤӴʦʦֱûˣ۸ͽȺҪı˼ҿɡ
еͷƮƲһɤӺȥ˶ãȻĹˣѰһ۾ʦӰ
ҲܿȥͬʱֳŻпһۣСӵǸʲôãڵӣеƣ˫һֻŵŵ棬ǇNɪͱˣһ߻ҡͷԵģɤӣС


398 ۾ʦ
ܿ죬ҾͽߴӻеŲˣЩһ㳯ܿȥʱһƮ첻Ӧӷ𡭡ııӵ۸̨ɽͷˡǲķô
һһĺëҲѵвڳβɣ
̨ɽ۾ʦĵӣ
Ҳ̫ʵ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬ֳԼšһѣĺۣҲΣǻ۾ʦô
˲䣬۾ʦĿиߴʥɮˣ𽭺Ļ۾ʦȻҲſˣֲý̳ô׵ͽܡ
Ƭ֮󣬴ͷһһüë쳤°ϵĺ˳ǰֻ˵л۾ʦôһˣǷŵһ֣ǲ֪ʲôӣԣǰϺҲ֪ǲǻ۾ʦ
ǰпģȴһָɮķ緶˿ȥиʮ꣬ţһ飬һͨɮֱۣͦһ㵭Ľ⣬Ǹɮ֮չֳĺ⣬һȥȻ𾴡
Ϻлʮ㡣
ϺһͷЩ˵ȫ˸˾ֵɫԾȥԽԽԶ
ϺпߵߵʱЩѾÿһ·
ĿתĿϺߵǵߣڶûлعȦˣһǲţĽ۾ʦ˳
ֿһۻУƲŴ죬һקӣϺǻʱǻһסϺеĸ첲ĵ˵ʦˣһȺ֪ʲô˵ļһ۸ͽܵѣҪͽɱˣֱûˣһͲʲôˣ˼һҪһɫư
Ϻ۾ܵЩ˿һۣŻ΢΢ͷſڱӷ𡭡ȻȱΪȴҲ̿ŴͽɱĲòһˡ
Щ۾ֵĻ࿴ţĿǴŶĺϣЩ˵ͷģһлǵ
һʼҲûƭ˵ģɤҲ۾ʦ˭֪һɤӹȥ潫۾ʦˣ˭˵ȥ
Ǻ˴˿Ҳ𾪵ģһЩεĸɿһһ֣ʮֹ˵ԭ۾ʦڴ˴ղšղ²ðʦͽ̨ɽΪСȻ۾ʦڴˣ²Σʹ˱ڡ
˵ţǴĺһ֣Щ˾ƿǣǴĺȥǴļһһ߳Ż۾ʦ⣬һҲȥ
Ȼȴĵ˵ܰղǲ˵ҽʦ˭Ҫ˭Ǳʮ˴˵ô˵ǳ˵ˣ
ǣǴĺһ۾ʦˣﻹ˼棬ҪһתЩ˾ͳԶˡ
Щܵıӻ죬ֱŽ˵ʦЩ˲ܷǰǿ϶ǽ࣬ǲɱǣҲҪϵһΪԺˡʦ׷ɡ
ôһЩ˾ܵĸˣգۼʧͷľͷ
ʼգҶû˵һ仰ǵҿ۾ʦǰ֮ɵˡ
Щ˶ˣһߵ˻۾ʦǰһ˵ʬҺݼ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦ֮û
һأΪǻ۾ʦƽ׼䣬ϾڽҲеλĽңʲô˶Ҫүһӣéɽ˼ҲǿͿġ
ҹãȴһֱǻ۾ʦȴǻһļЦϴˬ
Ҵŵ̧ͷǰһۣģ́ͷȥʱ򣬶ʱɵˣղŻö˶˵վǰĻ۾ʦͻȻûӰӡ
ôһգ۵Ĺ򣬻۾ʦȻƾʧˡ
ãȻĹˣﻹл۾ʦӰӣֻǻЦǰϣŶӶЦˡ
Ц˲Ҿ徣̧žͳƨ˹ȥȻǻ׼һͶ˹ȥ
Сʦ۾ʦأղһ˼վأôһת˾ûˣƵ
վһЦӶˣҵʦˡ


399 һ۷
ˣʲôʱߵģҸţɳţҲҲ۾ʦӰѵ۾ʦΪһĪĳ̶ȣ˵ʧʧҴӹһҲֻʮʱѡ
ı⻨иԺˣʮε˵УǸʲôȦˣ۾ʦȥˣ
Цһֹˣߵҵǰӵϼһֽˣǰ˻Σ˵㲻ʦôˡ
һеǸֽˣҲͰƴСʮ־ɣǰǸϺеģüë붼ܿһʱ;ˣѲɸղ߹Ǹ۾ʦֽ˻ûɵģ
⻹档
̧ͷһۻУУ⵽ɶ
һ۷ѣҿ帽ֽߣģǷҲƵֶΣΪ桭
˵ţоǸֽˣŵؿڣҵļɷнµ˵СŰֻ߽һɱɱؼҪӣСɮ߽꣬ḻʲôûûеֶΣͲ֪˶ٻˡ
ȻֶΣΪɶʬŵʱãװʲôͷЩм˵
ʱǻûѧôһҲѧ׳ˡ׳ˡٺ١м˵
ˣСôҵģһʬŵ֮㲻صģ׸ʲôʵ
Сɮһֱڸ߸ڴתţǰʱ˵סڸ߸ڴ壬˺üﶼûˣСɮ￴˿ŵǴҸţȴоǴӶͷųԾ͸ϹƣһǴˣСڸ˸ɼܣȺ˵ʲô·ź񲻼򵥰гЩȥķһۣ˵
˭ȥ˭֪ðġЩƵ˵ţҲͦζģЩĲʶȷָյĹɱҵģ˹ˡ
̧ͷһۻУһ飬ʵУǲҼҷȥˣ
ô֪ģֵˡ
־ǿүԭϿһӰվҼݶϣɱҵĺˣǻˡ
㻹˼˵ҼݶŵĸԺӵүӶʺˡû˵
Ц˵ԭˣȷʵԺӵͷˣǹùģһҹϲҲƸʡ
Ұһۣ⻨û취ˣûһ׵ġ
ڴˣ̫ʣзģԲһˣҶ˺档
˼Ȼ˽ᣬҵڶ֪ΪʲôɱңʲôˣμȻûгɹǿ϶´ΣҸеޱǳ顣
ڻţҲֵҵ飬ұ˶ʦ֣кŻоͳŸ߸ڴķȥ
һߣһʵιУҲǹĽˣܸܲ͸ף㵽ʲô·Һ뽻ѣ㲻̫ס
һЦеģҡͷԵ˵ȻҵѣͲֻ֪̫࣬Ҫ֪ҲẦãÿ˶Լܣ϶ҲὫе鶼ңҲǣ
Ȼ˵ҲʣҾȨǻ۾ʦͽܾˡ
ڼž˵ͷţһ֮ǰĹ⾰ҺǵһͷʱһҹĶǣһһ֮󣬾ͳɾڵңһ鲻һһ
תͷһһеĶʦ֣ʦһ˫Ĵ۾ŻУʦЩ⻨У֮г˾衣
СšֻǴŪģŷʷֵӣýһûԷأҪȻǰֻ˳˰ɡһ߶ŪŶʦһ߸˵
ʦֺĻһ㣬һ˵Ҫ˳ˣŭˣŻкĽһź⣬кɫ
һʦˣֹס˻еĺ֣ɫУҿɸ㣬ôڤ֮ػеĺ֣ޣղȺ˵ֻһСһͱճһѻҽӶûʣ£㲻ĻöԶһ
⻰һڣŵĻڰе˻ȥһҿôô˵


400 һֻѻ
һ˵ʦôͣʱŵһ󲽣˼Ŀ˶ʦ֡
ʦһ죬лƮ˳ŻкĽţһ˫С۾Żг˵⡣
СǷƺԣǲŵӣ϶ҲûʲôøС
ֻ֣ḧŶʦֵԴϵİСһԲϵĻâȥ
һʼлŶʦ˵ǰ棬ǿʦлȼβˣǺܺҵСš㲻˵Сôһͱˣ㱧Ϊʲôʲô鶼ûУ
ҲҪʲôˣϲˣֱˣô֣ܶҰ˻һۡ
йһЦԶʦȤŹ˵Сһﻹ˼ܲұ
˵ţоҪֹȻʦٴξ﷢һص죬ŵĻȥ
ˡˡҲôͷƢǲСû㡣ε˵
Һͻһ˵һߣһζҲ˵춼æʲôһμʱ򣬸лһ㣬һҲһңѵǸҽǮģ
һ˵£ͻȻһԼһ£ٴμЦѽ㲻˵һˣǸǮģǮóɣҰЩңǲҪʾһ£
ȥǮġ
ڲȱǮү˷˵֮ϻʣºܶ࣬Ǯ㻨Ǯʦַ˵ϣǬｫǮ˳
û룬ҸһóǮͱǻһѸ˹ȥһʱɴ۾ӷ𡭡СţʵżңǲܵƨȥˣôôǮ
˵Ļܽ˱ˣHﾹȻһеĿУ飬϶һ
ļ˷ҲЩӦˣҲû˵ǮһģϴʬŻǵòʬеһ̵Ķӣʬűɱ֮Ǹ̵鷳һЩǮƽϢ飬ջУҪ˵Ҳһݹܹͣô࣬ȥĻһ磬ȥУٸȡһЩ
ЦЦӣҲҿǮȡһ֣ʣµֻң˵Щ͹ˣҪôǮʲôԺ󻨹ٸҪˡ
˵ţüͷһʲôʵ˵СŰ⼸ôûڼңҰ˺üˡ
ͰˣʬиͽܽԬҵҵļˣԾͰᵽϳص鸽ǺӦһҵļˣҲˣûص￴û뵽ĪĳңȻ㡣
ŻȻҲǸˣЩҲĹʣҲûҳԶǵ
˵ǺüûԷˣȻصҼϴ˵˳㿴ҼﻹʲôԵġ
֮󣬼ҲûʲôԵˣҪԷֻܵȵһ磬ʱΣҹģƴС̵͹ˡ
˵ŻҺͻоͳͷǰһƬطҺЩ֮ǰսϻɢһЩļ
ЩһЩ£Ҫ⻨ļʱҹС͸öˡ
·ţԱߵĻͻȻѽһһתͷеʱ򣬵һʺð̧ͷһһֻɫѻ˵ͷϷɹ¸¡Ľţʧ֮С
һһʺʱƿڴֻѻһԵȷ̿Цһǰϡ
ֻѻų򣬺ܿͷԶˣбֻѻĵĲУڵϴ֣һֱ֡
ʱѾſˣôͻȻðһֻѻأ
Щ֡
˵ղŵһƴĻҲӦþˡ
һֱңղֻѻ⣬һ˶ڵϴֵĻУ˵УǿЩ뿪
м˵ɫզˣһŶضżأ㼱ʲôѽ


401 Ǵ򲻿
Ҳ˵׼ȸϽ뿪˵ҾֻղԴʺѻ⡭Щ˵
һãȻ˵ѻʲô⣬мֻѻô
ϻˣϽߡøнͣҲ֪ν֮ͣҾǾøղֻѻЩè
м˵ɫվ첽УĴ·ȥ
ֻǰһ׵ľ룬һֱǰĶʦͻȻͣ˽Ų﷢һء죬ſ˵ϣһļƣָһĨ⡣
һʦֵӣҾ֪϶Ƿ˵飬Һͻжһۣ˴˶˶Էеأֱϵķ˳
ͻȻһ磬˻죬Ҷ׷ɡ
ʱһŲ𣬴Ӻڰ֮߳һ
˳ֵʱҺͻжһ£˲Ǳˣǲ֮ǰոձоߵǸŶĺˡ
һΣǺ˵ļȴһֻѻˡ¸¡Ĵ̶Ľ
Ҿ˵ֻѻ⣬治ϣֻѻղžǹ̽·ġ
ǸŶļһ֮󣬺ܿǵֳʮˣзֱŹ׼ǡ
Һͻбűվһ𣬸Խеķ˳
ȻǸŶļһ۾ҲܹоʱĿ֮ɱ
ͺղŲһͱƭˣ;ͽǻ۾ʦҪȻϷ㽫ʬΣӶϳιǴĺҧгݵ˵
ҿһǼһ϶ŵѻɲǸղڻʺһֻô
ȻЩ˲Ǻƭģһ۷ƭǣǲûģһֻѻ̽·ֲûʲô۾ʦ֮󣬱Ƶǵǰ棬סǵȥ·
ǧǱǸˣһܿǷǴ򲻿ˡ
ˣǻлǺܲҪĺٺЦ˵λ磬ûƭ㣬Сɮǻ۾ʦͽܣٰȰûʶһĺãҸɱˣʦ϶Źġ
ϻ˵ɣǴļһﱻˣŪһһŻ̵˼㣬Ͳзϻһ֣ΧЩ˱㽫еĹ׼ǣʱʮֻɼͳߴ˹
׼ЩûʱѾ˱ͭǮһ֣еͭǮƮ˰֮У˲ֽ⿪˴˹ȥ
ͬʱһѽԼõɮ۸ŪһţʱЩķɼȫһ˦䵽˵ϡ
ʦͣսĵһʱ䣬ͳǴŶĺ˳ȥϺâ磬һССĻȼһŻ⣬ٶȷɿ졣
ȻǴŶļһﲢʦ潻֣һΣͻȻεضһ±ϸߣֱӴӶʦֵͷ˹ȥȻһƣͳҵͷ˹
ҸոսͭǮͭǮɢ˼ʮöͭǮסЩɼʣµһЩЩ˴˹ȥ
ЩеĹ󣬴˱УЩͭǮ񵲿
ߺ죬һƴĞųҸеһɶ񺮣ðԵΪҲǿˡ
æ˳һ˫ؿڻƣҲʹóԼĿұƣǴŶĺӲƴһƣԣһɾ޴˲䴫ȫоʮˬǴһ㣬˫һ飬Ӿͷźȥ
ӷڰ֮УؿڱһƣɤЩ𣬸оһѪڣֱҸѹȥ
ڿл׵ľ룬Ҳصĵ˵ϣŴ˺üͣ
ȻǴŶļһһɫٴγ˹
Ѱĸ֣Ǹƶƴһ£ôҲҪɣŶļһҶƴһ֮󣬾ȻһӦûУӲκֱͣӾͳɱ˲оԼĲʵЩˡ
鼱֮䣬Ҹһ־㽫ɢܵͭǮһ𣬻ͭǮУʱǴŶļһѾҵĽǰһóһҵĲӾͿ
˵ʱʱ죬͵ǼһҲϵʱ򣬵һˡˡ죬֮ϣǺ˻һ


402 ħ
Ҿ̧֮ͷȥǻеķϽ𲧡
֮ǰԸʬţһŲɶõ
ϽϽ⻷ƣܶԿССġ֣зŵġd״ͼУڻĴ߶֮½ʢˡ죬һɷеʹȱζڶУЩУƺϽϵĴȱϢȾһ㡣
Ͻ˴ĺе֮ϣʱһŻ⣬Ǻһ̧ͷŻпȥ
ʱĻ˲ͱ߰˸˰Χм䣬һɭİ׹⣬Żϱһͨк
ȻвһķϽ𲧣ϻһħƣ˿ҲУǿֵס߰˸˵ķĽ
սƺһ˲ʹˣһͳһǴļһһƾĵˡ
Ϊ洫ĿұѾˣڸǰȴǲһ
ֻһ˲ļ˾ŵ˹ʱҵѾսͭǮӵ
ղǴļһһĵҶЩˣͭǮֻ΢΢Щǹ˵һŰӣ첽ұĺˣȻֿվҲԶǸŶļһһʱ侹֪öԸһˡ
һǾ
أЩȴҿǵʱ䣬Դһ磬һͷһƬʹԴϿ˹ȥҲˣҴһͨ˭ôҴ˭
һԴƾŸоһͿ˳ȥһһԣ˳һתͿӭֳˡ
ЩһʮǿѵأԼŲǵĶֻ֣óһ˹ȥ򲻹Ӳ־棬ֻܽͭǮԶ빥ôһ˿ʤ㡣
ҳһԿ첽˹ȥи׵ľ룬һ֣ͭǮ˦˳ȥͭǮֽ⿪ǴŶļһһԾһͿͭǮϣֱӽҵͭǮ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ
ͭǮƴȻȴûüֽͱǴŶļһƽˣһұˡ
ǴŶļһͲҷӦʱ䣬ٴγɱ
ֻвˣЩԼŶļһٴγҷӵ
תܹ֮ȫ֣Ǳ߻Ѿų˴УһŭĿյӰֳַŽ䵶뻨лΪǣǿֵס߰˸ΧĺˣҲ֧ţֲ˶ˡ
һСб˳һеĵҵǰССһ٣žӭЩĺ˳˹ȥ
ЩȻǶԶʦֳ˿־ģάֺõĶζʱһң׷ɢΨǴŶļһӰ֮䣬ֱԾ˶ʦ֣ɱ
ƴҺͻаٷ֮ٻƶʦҲδ⣬ǴŶļһֻһҪɱңҲΪѶʦ֣һɱ֮󣬶ʦҲӴ˽١
ˣүģƴˣ
ħ壬߻ħܱǿħ֮ǰɱЩˣҲˡ
ǴŶļһٳұҵͷܣһһҧָ˫ͬʱѪķʽʼеŵ֮ӿһֱѹڵǹǿѹ˲ͱ˿⵽ҵȫ
һɣһǿҲʼˢҵ塣
ǿɲǼעȫĸоּⱻ˺ѵĸоǿֱײѪҺĸоͬһʱ̶ϱ˳
һѪֱţԼĹ죬϶ʱֳһźںֳָ֮һĨ⡣
ɱ¾Ѫƺȼˣںֱײƺֻͨɱ¾ѪйҴʱҪѿ塣
ʹһֵҪƵʹУоʱᱻŵıѿ
ҿסˣһ٣͹˵ϣ췢һХź
һɤӺȥΪģһˣܹоϲĞųһʯ˲ƽ羵ĺһʱ伤ǧˡ
ܵľ죬Ҷ׷ɣһХ֮ͷŭҧгݣתԴȥȴǴŶļһ˫־ҵĲصĿ


403 ˭һ
һҵʶѵģȻڳ屻˺һʹҲ֪ǴŶĺ˾Ϸʲô仯ֻ֪Ǻڿʱ֮󣬷һƺߣԭҵͻȻı˷򣬾Ծڰ֮еҲһֱһӷӾӵһࡣ
ƺʲôرɲ飬˼⡭㡭ôܡ
֪ԼһѹڵеԹͷų֮󣬾ͻᱻħ壬һ߻ħļ󣬿ҲڽļһųӰɣ
ʲôֻ֪ҪȡҵҪɱңҸ۵ģǾҪұҪúܶ˵ܻһ
һ̣ҵϥһֱӴӵϵһ֣ǰѸղűǺ˴ĵڵϵͭǮֱӷɻҵУһʱôǿͲ䣬ԺһΣС
һ֣¡
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ħ壬âƣãĺҰѪϴҰɽ֣֣ɱȻ䣬ºۣ˭һ
һͭǮͳǺһɱ˹ȥ
ھݵľ֮ǴŶļһƺڷӦ˹æеʼɽһصͭǮ
һŻӿΪľնһǰٶȡ
Ȼʮ׺ǴŶļһҲǳصģе·ɣͬԿ죬סص
һΪͣҲΪǿǴŶļһ֧Ųסһķ˳ȥ˫˫ڵϻӣ㻬ȥײͣ
֮ͣҷǰ˫΢΢ϵѪĻڴ
ȥʮǿ󣬼һʮĸ֣ҲԳͻȻı
һʼʱŶļһ϶ûнҷΪü½ڲƭͷӣȻùͿɽҽɱ뵽ҾȻôѲ
֮ʶңס֮ҿһ˵СӣС㣬ֶΣҲ֪Ϸ
Ǵţȥˬ࣬ȵй̩ͨ
ҿǴŶļһһֻһֻ־˫ԭ̤˼ͷˡ
֪ۻˣǼһٶȶȻӿ
ֻһӰǰһΣǴŶļһٴξе߳ɱ˹
ղǼһﻹʮ׿⣬ôһĹ͵֮ڣе̩ɽѹ֮ٴγҿ˹
һΣһԸоһˣʱ򣬸˿ƺĦ˻𻨡
ŵһĺһżһ棬ӾƮ˳ȥ
ҺһǵƮɳȥԶҪȻҷǵñϼһһ˲ɡ
Ʈɳȥͬʱҿϼһ֮ϷһУǹҲһ㣬ͳ߶лֹһǽüһһһǹķ
һʽʲôطУҲִУνˮڣоУҲУӵɳȥͬʱҾٴμ˱ͭǮͭǮҹעֳ֮һĨƮҵͷϣһʱֽ⿪
Ҳ֪ǲǿǧϻڵԵʣһͭǮֽıʱ죬ڷֽ⿪ʱǼʮöͭǮͷֱʮͷϷһȻǻǹɨһ㣬һಡ죬ͳЩд˹ȥ
ⱱͭǮʩչɱǸҲ󣬼ʮöͭǮ֮УÿһöͭǮͷʮͭǮǼٵͭǮƺƴ󣬳ǴŶһͺХѹȥˡ
ϼһˣĹܼͭǮĳ֮£ǲһ߽ܿ⿪
ϰٵͭǮϼһɱ˹ȥϼһٴƺһһƮͻȻͲӰȻЩͭǮʹЩˡ
һʱ䣬ü˶ûüʱͭǮˣ˷˲Һߣ˵ϡ
⻹м˵ģ׷ȥ
Щһֱʦ׷ĵܣһǱиסˡ


404 ˣ
һͭǮȥòƵ˵ɥɸӣ⻹м˵ģŵķ׷˱ܡ
ȻǴŶļһﲻ֪ղʩչʲôһգ۾ûӰҲ֪㵽ȥˡ
ŪộڸЩ˲ĻȴүëŴеʱۣܲܳղŲһҲŵˡ
˼ỨУȫעѰǴļһټƮ˷Ӱһ㣬Ĳݴһʱоһ֣ͭǮٴηɵУæͷȥȴֻĲݴһȴû˵Ӱӣ֪ȻʱߵĲݴֿʼ
˶䣬ϸΧĶŲݴԵĶͣת塣
֪ϼһҵ˼æҵʱȻٷųһɱУһһ
Ȼвһ룬ĴССĶҲкüˣһ񣬵ңԽҪƽ̬вҲеսųеһ̡
ԣܵĲݴԺҶʱҾͲˣһ۾ƾŶܞųĸӦжϵ˵Ӱ
Ȼ䣬˽Ų۾۽ǵ⿴ǴŶļһƺЩ಻סˣֱӴҵĲɱ˹ĽŲƺ̤ĳƮһʱ˺üˣ˷ɱ۾ٴƾֱһӰɱ˹ȥȴһնգһп˹һ࣬ǵоͲҵĸ첲˹ȥʱһѪ⣬һϣһдȴֵնˡ
͵ĹУ
Ȼתֻһʱ򣬷ôûˡ
ϼһӰһ㣬Ȼɱһ֮󣬾ܺڳҹɫĥ
ȥҿһǿȴ޴ʩչҲˡ
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ĥҲҸĥˡ
ɱһ֮ϼһﲻˣҲ˲ø첲ϵʹٴα۾ΧĞų䶯
ߵǣһֱѹҵ֮еͣںֱײ޴йµעЩ޷ˣһɱңȥҾҪ߻ħˡ
ҵĴϢĳͭǮֿ졣
ϼһƺһΣɱıһμʱࡣ
ŞųȻһ£ٴ۾ϼһֱӴҵɱ˹
һθǰһ㣬ǿĺǷ˺üһ㣬̤ţүģҪܹǧϻı¾ͺˣԿƵϵͻĲݣסϼһȣôQ
뵱ҿûٳǧϻĿ
ţۿϼһҪҵĽǰͷˣϵĻĲͻȻһ£Ȼ䳤һأһ¾Ͳסϼһȣϼһﻹʶ̤ͻȻһ٣ǺüΧӰգۼʧˡ
ŶǼһסˣҲסˡ
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ˣ
ŵڵ屻ҺͶʦָɵˣҲ˵ŵıҲһתҺͶʦֵڣһ뵽ǿֲı£ΧֲһЩ΢ĹԲŻڵΡ
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Ǳס˫ȵĶˣֱͭǮɱ˹ȥҪʱ
ǴŶļһһ֮һ˽²סԼ˫ȵͻĲݣתͳһȥ
ܣûţ
ĲϽɣҲסϼһ
ϼһǰûϵĻĲֳһأʱԭأζ˫ȣֱӽĲθһţлĲݲٴνԭء
һǶ˵ٶȾ̫࣬ӭͷϣϾкһ֮䣬ҲֻܽУǶ˿϶Ҳƣɶö˶˵ģϵĲôϾ


405 뷢
ϵĻĲĹ֮ͨ£ȻԼͳһأϵĲǴļһ˫ȣ貨΢ƵĹ޷ʩչٶȶȻͽ
ͻıʲǴŶļһɵۣԼЩ˼顣
㲻ڶķˣѪķʽ߶֮ѹסħʱ»ԹǿڶһҲŵǧڵһֱûܹıֳ
ΪʱڵΪ޷ǧڵתɵʵȻҴ߶ԹʱͬʱҲʹ߶ǧڵֻһֱûзҲðˡ
룬ͨһڤڤ֮ǣұֲܵһ΢Ĺ֮ĸоǶƷһԡ
ûд߶֮ѹƵʱҵȷ޷ǧڵȴһ㣬ǾԩתɵԹǧڵ֮һศɵĹϵһԹڱͬʱʹ߶ǧڵ
ԣ˿̵Ҳܹƾ룬ܹЩĲ֧䡣
ǣҽǵһζãȣ֮ʩչֲıµʱ򣬼ֱһѵĸоǻĲݼڷ賤Ҳﵽһõ˴粽еĵز
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һҲǴŶļһʩչعܵҪ˿־塣
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Ϊߵľ磬ǿ֮ΪãƬҶɻ֮䶼ȡ
һɰǴŶϼһŲˡ
һһεİζ˫ȣһһαĲݲס׵ʱбȻһ־֮С
ԣҵ·ǳ㲡Ҫ
ûзӦʱ򣬱һ͹ʹûм֮
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ȻʱסǲûȫңӦеģֻܱľеҶƴ
Թ֧֮£ĸ֣ҵ˿ѷɫǷӿȥײһð⣬ϼһ
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ҵһֱţĲݰϼһˣЩĲݺеһ㣬ͣ趯ϼӶȥ
ȻһҲû׷ȥϼһӲӲҪӱͭǮԶ빥ƣϼһﳹɱҵǰ
ϼһٲάĻҪӣͭǮһ׷ɵ˰֮УͭǮâҫգۼĹͷ֮ϡһֽ˿Ȼ˼ʮöͭǮͭǮٵķͭǮһ޴ָ֮˽ָָϼһдȵɱ
Ǿ޴ͭǮڲڶԹ֧֮£ӳ˾޴ڷϼһͬʱɲϵķԽԽҵĶĤ졣
ٺ١ҾͲˣͭǮ뷢֮£˵ɸˣ˲佫˺Ҳκ⡣
ҼǿƵıͭǮʱǴŶļһﾪֵĻͷ߿һۡ
ûھ޴Ķ֮£ҿȴܹоĿ֮дĿ־塣
˵ҪȡҪҹȪĴ㡣
ҪˣôҲù
ںҲѾˣΪѾƵҷҪɱɡ
Ǿ޴ͭǮ󷢳˵׹⣬ǧϼһʹ˹ȥ
ϼһһϵ·ٴιȻһ˻ߵźҰһ̣޴ͭǮһײϼһϡ
ͭǮɢ̫ҫۣһʱ޷ֱӣһĿİ׹֮ϼһһƬľǧٿףٶᵹ˵ϡ
һг䶨ʱҵƽϢԭأϼһղվŵķ˹ȥȴţǼһﵽûУ
һĸ־˼򵥵ıɱ˲ɣ
ʣҿ첽ϼһղվĵط˹ȥ


406 
ߵǸϼһղվĵطʱͻȻоЩ̫ԾΪһõĶ񣬻һɫ·Ҳǧٿף֮⣬ϻһ̯Ѫûκζ
оЩղűͭǮʱɢһŰ׹̫ҫۣұһ۾оϼһϣû䵽ϣһʱҲЩ޷ȷˡ
Ǹ˵ĻǱǧ͸˺ѳƬܻЩѪ͹ͷڴ˴ɣ
ҵǰֻһõ·ͱõĶ⻹һ̯ʺѪڹͷѪȴûҵһ˿㡭
ôʲô
ѵϼһˣ
Ҳ̫˼˰ɡ
̧ͷһǰ汻ͭǮɨĲӵһƬɽ֣вɵһûʧ
飬Զһǻڴ󺰴Уүϰ㶨ûС㶨˾Ϳһѣҿ춥סˡ
ʱһͷȥб˸סˣ⻹м˱ʦ׷ĵܡ
⣬˶ʦֵϵֱ֮ӱȼˡ
⻹ľʬڵϣǱɱģʣµĿ϶˻еС
˿̵ĻйŰӣ¶һͽ˶ļ⣬Ҳ˼˺ۣͨǸŭĿյӰЩΣļֲסˡ
ʱֱӽéɽ˳ңңĿ˵ŵľߺ˵Ӱһ־Ĭ˼һʬ
ľɵڵϵĺʬǷһҵĶͬһʱ̴ӵϵ󳤳ʮָףȻϾͳһïܵĺë
ߺëʬéɽĲٿ֮£ͳŻǱ˹ȥ﷢˵˻֮
ߵĺëʬŪ죬ʱŻ˸вЩˡ
һ˾ġëʬܡ
˺ʱǼߺëʬéɽĴ߶֮£ѾٵǼ˵ߣһ˲ӵ㳯һߺëʬϿȥǰѵ˺ëʬϵʱ򣬶ʱͱϳ˺üأ˵ϣסˣлŰضϵ
ëʬͭƤǣǹ룬ͨĵǹκβǺ˷ӦǺëʬһ¾Ǻ˵ϣſھҧסĲӣëʬ̧ͷʱǺ˵İӶҧƤ⣬ѪܵһƬ¶˾ǡ
Щһⷬ龰ʱŵ۴УﻹҸЩëʬײ׷׶еıУϽȥˡ
һµʵĻжȻ俴ôëʬҲŵöһԣŭĿŽ䵶վԼǰ棬Ͻ𲧺ͽħƣ㶵ĿЩëʬɱ䣬һֱ߶ţӷ𡭡۲Ϊôĺëʬǿˡ
һ֣ЩɢĴͭǮͭǮɻҵУͭǮéɽͳǼëʬķȥ
գۼĹЩ˾ӵûӰˣȴЩëʬ׷ȥˡ
һéɽľ̫Զˣұ޷ٿЩëʬ
ľߺëʬɱ̫ǿһߺëʬܵǸ߸ڴ壬ޣɽȫɱ⡣
ʬ̫ˣëʬȫûԼʶֻɱ¾Ѫǻҵƿ֮Уٴλζ˼éɽ壬Щëʬ۷˻ԭء
Щëʬվסʱһֱ΢΢ţģʮֿ¡
ߵЩëʬߣǿһۣеéɽһΣЩëʬһܿ˵ϡ
ʱĻпЩʬڵϲˣһŭĿոˣߵҵߣ˵ӷ𡭡ҮջʥĸǡôǴ˵еĺëʬô
ûỨеéɽֽܿʬߴǬ˳ֱߵɵڵϵļߺëʬǰʬǵ
éɽǿʬ巢ʬķʬһķ
Ҳνศɣȱһɡ
ʬ߲ǵһ߾ߵĺëʬӱҵĶɢһȳİɫʬЩëʬϵĺë˲£ָҲ˻ȥܿͱ˼ͨʬ塣


407 е͵Ϯ
ЩëʬҪָʬ壬Ƭӣ룬˵ɱˣҲܽŸ
ܿ죬ڷʬߵ֮£Ǽ߱ɺëʬʬָԭҲ
뻺һţͻȻһָǰ˵Сţ쿴ﻹкˣ
һæ̧ͷŻָŵķȥȻǰֻһƬӣʲôˡ
ʱҾߴһˡ죬תͷŵϽҫһƬ⣬ССġ֣һֺ֮ĸо
󣬻Ͻ𲧾һҵϡ
Դۡһ죬ǰʱһΣоССġǰƣҲǷһȺ¸ɮҶŷһ㡣
ҵǰһڣֻһ뷨Ǿǽиſһ䣺Уүġ
ȻҵӾһͷԵ˵ϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãɫѾЩʱ۾ԼһƬҵŶʦ֣֮󣬱Դ˶ҵͷСͷ˼£һƿ˶ʦ֣ϵķһû٣ŷ
˸ղŷ飬үģҸոսǼߺëʬڵ÷ʬ߳ȡɾǻоϽһӣֱӽ˹ȥ
ˣƾʲôҪң
һѻҽͭǮӵϼ˶ʦһۣͺ¿ȥˣ㿴ûУ
ʦֳҵ˵ͷζһ⣬ͳһԵ˹ȥ
ʦֿ϶֪ʲôطǱ׷Ŷʦȥˡ
ǰ˼ʮ׵ľ룬ͻȻһ죬Ҷһôǻôһһεģ֪ƨڸʲôá
࣬ղϽ𲧴ģһҪ̻УʲôʱԹĿĪĸˣһҪһزС
ţöʦֲҪκ죬Ϣľߵ˻еȻһţݺݵľƨϣзһҽУǰһһܽӴ
гһתͷңʱܻүҸʲô
ô˼˵ңղΪɶҪԴԴ۵Ҫͬ˵
ҧʶģղŸǴŶϼһﶯֵʱҲûпСЩ߻ħˣҪϽ𲧴һӣڿ϶ˡһһߵҵ
Ҵ߶ѹƵԹʱ򣬾Լ߻ħղҪǻлһӣҲע⣬ҵţ˵Ҫ߻ħˡ
Ȼ֪ԵʣһЩ˵֮ǰܲһҲи׼ǡ
ɣҪ֪ղжô£ԼվӶŸһܴĹ㣿ֱǿЦҪһӣ͵Ϯ㣬ʮҰһҲĶ֡˵
⵹˵Ҳǣұת˻⣬ʵҸղʲôӣ㶼ɶˣ
д֣˵ȰͭǮóڸ㡣
˵ţԼһľͿʼ
ɶǸղɱǼˣܲʬĽҰ⣬Ұʬʳ˴ȱΪǰ񣬵֮һģи֮ҲӦõġ
û뵽⻨лĴһ棬ԽԽ㲻ˣʱǸĻУҲżʱǸŴ黳ĸɮ
һǽͭǮ˳ʼһǻнҴ֮ǶʱڵģҲΪˣô죬ҵЩ̫ͬΪֹҶûиЩ˵ʲô·ΪʲôҪɱҡ
ԣұ뽫֪ͨصսǣǰҲһЩ˵ݣʬ徹Ȼиˣ⵹Щ⡣
˾˰ɣͷսڳǣΣҲҪЩ˾ʲô·ҵĳѾˣһԬͷ۲ѣĪĶһȺˣҾýͷöʭӶ˲ծ˲ϵܻϣ¶


408 ˫
Һͻһʬ壬һߴߴʻҸղžʲô仯
˵ղǴŶļһﶯֵʱҲö˸ˣһʼһ㲻ϼһĶ֣Ϊһ۾ܹϰӵΪĺüŵҽЩ˾͹ȥһأֻû뵽ϼһûУͻȻͺһƵģҴϸܵһʮԵɷ֮ҳǱ߿ȥʱ򣬾ͷѾһŨɷӿɲ۾֪ô˫۾жˡ
ҿܱܲӣΪ˵أҵ۾զˣҴߴٵ
ʱֻ֪ҽѹڵԹͷųʱϿ϶źɫɷģΪЩȫԿΨԼ۾ʮֺ档
һٴ˵ҿһֻ۾Ѫɫģһֻ۾ɫ̫ôˣСӾզģʱΪʲôǸӣСɮˡ
ֲǸŶļһڿҽԹͷų֮󣬻һֵɫŵҵʧȥ׼ͷ˼ԭΪ˫ɲ˫ۡ
һֻ۾Ѫɫһֻ۾ɫ
Һ֪ܿԵɣڻȪ·ϵʱҶ˷ӡڵеԹʱһ˫۾ѪɫģԹ֮γɵĽ
һֻ۾Ϊλɫͺܺýˣ϶ǧϻڵԵʣԹǧڵŻĽ
ڻˣҸоԼҲʵûʲôģΪֹǲż棬ȻЩܲףΪ˿϶ûģ棬ȹƾһ˵ҾͲϷЩ顣
£ҺͻһЩ˵ʬ壬ұ㽫ȥڤ֮ص˵һ飬éɽɽиûи˵֮⣬һ˵ˣҲǧŵ顣
Ͼéɽͨڤ֮ص磬˼éɽص飬Ȼܸκ˶Ʒ⡣
˵ôҵ飬ҶΪʮ飬Ϊлֵʮ־ȣȻȴֵʮֵֻǵ˵ͷʾȻȻ󻹸˵һ䣺Ŷԭô¶ֲͻȻǸӡ
ҽҵгֳ㹻ĳ⣬ΪҲὫһ£ʲô·̨ɽĻ۾ʦǲʦ
ȻжȷǾڲᣬһ
òЩʬ壬ɫѾӴߴߴ졣
һϴ˶ЩƣҲԸˣЩƤˣء
ұ뻨еҵļһ˵ûгԷ͡
εûҵǮߣȻӦ
ҺͻдŶʦֳŸ߸ڴȥȻλƵ˴֮Ѿ糿˾ŵˣСҲţֱӽȥһЩʳԼȳ˶׾ƣʹŻгҼҵķȥ
ߵҼſڵʱҸûԿףǱ㱧˶ʦ֣һ𷭹Ժǽ˳Ŵ
⻨вɻȣԿɣҾһĺãĶ׾ƶԼȵġ
Ҽﻹϰݵһ̳ҩƣҲһˡ
žƣʱͷкȵ첱Ӵ֣ͿʼһЩ飬٣ֻ֪Сһ¶˶ſڣȻĪ˺УȻ֮У̰쳾ƣʦ쳾ģζ̬ĥ֮еĻţеĻҲˡ
Сڷгʦȴڸһı£ССͣʮ뿪ԺεѾ߰Ĺ⾰ϵرټлأ߹˴룬һͽУЩ˲ٿ࣬Ǽһٱһ٣ʱʱ򣬶һûϴ裬ļҶǡ
ҳô࣬Щûõģ˰Ҳ֪ǳɽţһвʲôаڵķзţͲбҲǺ˲õˡ
ϵһ̳ҩƣҺͻк˴룬ľ㲻Ǻô֮ҲЩκˣֱ˯ˡ
һ֪˯ʲôʱһεıһ绰ˡ


409 Ӣ
һҲ֪˯˶ãԺľͱһ绰ˣһû۾ͽ绰˳ڶߡιһ绰Ǳߺܿ촫˸ǿЩ˵СŸ磬أǲ˵˽ȥôôڼأӶ˵ˡ
ǿŻȻòƽӵ˸ǿĵ绰˵ʲôţҺЩǲˣҪǸкȾƺ̫࣬ڻЩκ΢΢ЩۣһûзӦ
ЩǸ˵ԲסˣǿӣʱЩ飬˸߸ڴһˣиţͺȴˣҾڸ߸ڴ壬ûȥء
˵ţ̧ͷԺ￴һۣɫѾЩˣǰʱ֡
ǿԼʱţɵֵ㲻˵ôʲôôżüëƵġ
Ǳ߸ǿҪ˵ֻ˵һ룬ֻͱһˣһЩĵ˵ιСүôǱӰ󸻺ҹܻıӰ
ⲻô
Ҹɿһɫϡ磬㰡ɶ¶
ٺһЦ˵ǰĸҽʲô磬СүԺֱӽұӾˣǿӺ˵飬˶£ܼǲˣô¶ǰ죬ļСձӣ̫Ƕˣҳ¶ͦǴҲ򲻹Ҳϲߣֻ˼ҳ棬æˡ¶СүҪܰҰƽˣô϶ٲģûʱ䡭
ôһ˵ҵˣ˵磬˵⻰ҿɲǲʶ飬̸ʲôôǲҵѣҪ˵˰ɣæҿɰﲻ𡭡
˵ǱߵˣЩ˵Сүɱ𰡣ղ¶͵û˵ǲӣҲøǿһӲǣǿǿӵϣҲһˣҪȻûˡ
ʲôܸ˵һ˵˴죬Ҿ֪СձңΪɶʵ
һһֹӣȴ˵ѽ¶绰˵ǵٸ˵ɡˣСүڸ߸ڴǰɣ˹ȥ㣬ҲһСʱ͵ˣСү뿪Ű
Ǹưϸǿûи˵׵ʲôҲҴۣ϶򵥣ҳ˵磬ҿɸ˵ǰ棬Ϊ鷸Ƶҿɲɣ¶û
أұзִ磬¶СүˣǸӢۣŹ˹ȥ㡭
һػžͽ绰ˣҷǵģһЩʣҲûü϶Ҫȥһ˵ģȻˣߵȥɡ
㲻ʲôˣȴҲƲϻˣ黹ǿףϾֵܸǿɣǿڸǿϣҿ϶ҲҪȥƵġ
ղŹҵ绰ʱҺ˵һʲôӢۣСӿǹܳģǱߣ޷ǾǰŴʲôģô˲Ӣ۵ĸ߶أ
ҽֻεĿЦһ
ʱ̧ͷʱ򣬷ֻѾҴ绰ˣϵʣµķιʦء
ʦеʱײƵģ뽫ֱӸԴӽ糿һӸ˶ʦ֮ͱ޼
ǶʦֶԻû˵⣬ڻнʦֱڻʦҲûʲôֻרĵĳŻиĶ
һﻹǸԻôһԵľͰˣһǿ
Ƕʦĺ֣еޣҲģǾǳԡ
Ժ϶Ҫ㣬һóԵĶ˸ƭˡ
һŶʦֵԴһ̧ͷЩĿҵе޿ҲǸԻСһϲĺܣ㽫漸죬Ҵȥ䣬´λٻô
˰㣬Լʦ֣ƷһھͶˣ¶ᡣһھͷ˻е
ʵǲýʦֽ⼸ദҲЩϲȻˣĺܳԣĿǰ˵һܹġ
˵ҡҡͷʦַһߣ˵ˣǮ˽ˣҲˣҲ˲٣СɮҲøˣԵٻᡭ


410 вƯ
˵ҪߣһЩᣬʵУҪȥĶÿҶһ˽Ǯûб¶ˣܲߣ
΢΢һЦ˵شĺΪңСɮ쳾Ѳ쳾ʼտʦ˵뵱Ҳʦ˵Щ֮ҾͲĴ߶ˣʱұ𷨣޷𷨣Ҳ˵һӶ͸Ǿһ쳾˵룬һн޶
е˵⼸仰ԢͻȻҸоЩɮķ緶ˣһ˵ȻǺ쳾ﶼһô۵ЩҪһ˰ɣ
л΢΢ЦҪȥģ
һҹܻᣬһͻңҪҪȥ
һ˵еֳָһĨЦݣֿ죬ʵҹܻ϶вƯ椰ɣѽ϶вٰ׻ĴȣСɮȥʶһ¡ٺ١
ãոһӡ˲ˣʼӲһ˵ǲǸУȲɣŮɫ䣬ôǸС
ֲʦҪ쳾ǾҪݺݵһжٸȤˣŻģš
ţұӿ˵ǵȻȻҹܻᣬ϶ٲŮˣǴŮ㵽ҪҪȥ
ȥȥȥǿ϶ҪȥҲż⼸죬Ҿˣˣ߰ɣϽΣ춼ˡ˵ţһѾסҵĸ첲Ҫȥ϶Ц˻ˮ˳
ļӣҲȥƵģҲ̫ˣǸصصļˡ
˦ͷ˵ʲôǱ˵һСʱ֮Ż˹ңڻأҪٵһ
һļǵӣҲŰû¶ǳȥڵǣʡ˷ʱ䡭
⡭ҲǶˣżҲżӰɡ
סеĥӲݣôջǱиԺӣ˳˶ʦֱ֣ӷǽŴڵķȥ
һߣһϲҹǸҹܻ飬඼ǹŮ˵ģǸҹܻᵽжŮˣƯƯǻЩṩṩ󱣽
ʵԴͣһȥҹܻǹȥ鷳ģҹܻһϡãעʲôƯƯŮˣԴһ֮ҺҲûȥǸҹܻᡣ
ڻеЩ⣬Ȼ޷شڵЩˣ֪ˣҲһȥǷ¶أ
ңҴһȥҹܻᣬҪʲô󱣽ķҼֱûˡ
ҺӦ˻м䣬˸ڣ˵Ҫ绰ŽĻס
һ绰һһ飬ǾЩϱҺͻɱЩˣ˿̻ͷЩ˵ݣһ֪صһͨĲţӦܹһЩ߲ǡ
ԣҶ㵽һߣصսһ绰򵥵ĸ˵Ϸ飬˹ЩʬڳҲЩ˵ʲôݡ
սһ˵Ҫɱңһûˣ˵ûУǲʬŵͽԬĹ
ƾҵֱоԬԬСսթõı±ǵһЩʬһЩûôټôԸҡ
ս˵Ļʾӣ˵һͻȥͷȥʬڳһ
Ӧһʾ˸о͹ҵ˵绰
бŶʦ֣ڴڵһϻԱߣһָֻŶʦֵԴ۾ȴͨΨһһС·ֱЩˡ
̾Ϣһһԣһȴ˵
Уһ̾ͳЩ¶һƣǺ㽫̶һԡ
Һͻڴڵ˺һڿһɫĽγŴʻ˹
һгˣ۾ʱһ첽˹ֱӽʦֶ˵ϣһҵСš쿴Ͻǲɫĳ
۾ϸһĳһɫո±ۣһֱ⳵Ӧòˡ


411 
Ȼ󱼺ܿͣҺͻеߣųŴ򿪣ˣĻڣһ͸ģһҴӵվ
һﾶֱߵҵߣһͷ˵СүǱģ𣿡
ҿһˣоЩ죬ӦǾһıڣ񻹰ҵĴ˵ҴһѹȥǱ粻ɣ
˻࿴һۣһֵСүѾǱӸѣȻǻӭģ߰ɣҹܻأ
ǿôûиһʵ
ǿ綼ҹܻأЩѲԾһ˵
Ӧһ¾ûٶԣȲĻоı۳棬Ҳ˳˳ӡ
ҺͻںţŶʦһ˳˳Ķʦųӣһֱⱼ۳ƤΣüζſҧ£Ҳִ֪£Ƥξͱסˡ
ǰãпιٺóԵģôһֶˣ
ҸоʦӦֻԣθһ޵׶ƺԶԲ
˳֮ĻУܲҪſڸʻϣʼʱߵǸڹҹܻ飬Ů˵Ļ࣬СӶڻеʣһ㶼֪޲ԣ޲ͦ𾴵ģһǴ֮пһ˿Ҳãǰһɮ۵ĺУôҹܻŮ˸Ȥһ㲻ĴԿô
ʵҲͦƵģһУҲ˲һţҶЩˡ
ϲСһЩ֮󣬺ܿת˻⣬һЩڽʬ⣬´ۣСţҼһЩʬ嶼˺ëʬмⲻ֪ʲʣ
һɫҶʵЩף˵ɶֱ¡
ҿˡٴμЦʵЩʬʬǸʲô
ϴķéɽ塣ʵ
е˵ͷʳ˵ڶ⣺ǲʬʬ֮󣬶Ӳǹ룿
ģֻҪǽʬһ㶼ͭƤǣĽʬʬֻʬոʬ֮ǰǰףʬȻҲʮּӲǻԶԶûдﵽǹĵزһʬǱĽʬҧ֮ɵĽʬܡоթʬҲ˵ʬţèͺڹ֮ʬϣʬͻһ־磬ʬͻȻԼ򵥵ԾߣթʬһɱΣҲǼСģֻŻ˰ˡ
ٴε˵ͷϵļЦ͸Ũˣʳ˵⣺ǽʬǲҲӲһ죿
ҿҾ֪⻨ϲԭأȻʳĵ⡣
ûƲһۣתͷȥٴ
ȴǲģҪҸһ𰸡
˵棬治⣬ͷۣ㲻ͷĵʬֶ֮γɣֻܵԞųǣûԼʶֻ֪ɱ˺ѪάԼԞųƽ⣬һ壬ֻгѪ֮ŻͣʬһѪҺͨ˵ʬ
һش˻⡣
ֻȻӣԼ֮󣬲ŵ˵ҿЩëʬΪʲôǰ治Сԭô¶СɮȻˡ
һ·гţǾ͵Уʱߵӣӿ֮˰Сʱ֮ǾͣĴ󸻺ҹܻſڣԶԶľͿ͸ǿվſ߶һļǵӡ
ͣҹܻſڵʱȲС˹־͸˳ţûҳһѾסҵ֣˵ѽСүˣɡ˵
æ˳ӣǿҲӭҷָǿһ飬Ǳ˴ˣһ³ӣǿЩίĺһСŸ硣
һǿͷģҶʱͳʵ˭ɵģ
ǿ̾ϢһֻǸ˵֮˵
֮󣬻кͶʦҲȺ˳һ³̧ͷ˴󸻺ҹܻƣ˵طСţ̫˼ˣҲ˵һĵطˣˣˡ


412 Ϊʲôô
һ³ʱ͸ǿע⡣
ŻпһۣҵСүλʦ˭
ҲһۻУ˵һѣģŻУоͺˣǿӼææĽҹʲô
һĴȣܻ˵ЩСձĹǿҲǱЩ˸ģɣ㿴֪֮ˡ
˵ţߵ˻еߣĸдкͣĺŻʦá
ҿаţ˵зŽģֱӸĵһˣſڱʦ
ֺܷϻУһҲ
͸ǿĴ֮£ֱݵǼ޴İ칫档
һҹܻĴе۾ͲˣЩű¶Ůţվߣӵ졣
ǿţ˿ֻ̾ĸ˺Ͷʦִ칫
Һͻһɳʦɳϣҵߣһ˫۾ţӲͣᣬҺɳˣһֱץסĲӲҶ
ǿʱŷ˶ʦ֣ľ˹ȥʦֵԴʦֿɲѰ˶ܴģæֹ˸ǿĶֻǺǺЦǿӣȥЩԵĹСˣʲôԣܶһЩͶһЩ
ǿ쵽˰˻ȥٺЦСŸ磬˵¶أһֻʲôĻڵģģͦÿġ
ѹϵģƷ֣Ƿһ̫ƢͦûǲҪĺãҧˡҸǿһѵ
ǿЩŵĿһ۳һ˫۾ȵĶʦ֣ƺЩ̫ţ󶡵Сҧˣ
ҳŸǿ΢΢Цû˵ȴ룬ʦֲҧˣɱء
ǿǰҵĻˣȥʦöԡ
ҾͿʵ磬ҲûˣҲǿסѣʲôֱ˵ɡ
վߣЩȻ̾ϢһҲһƨɳϣ渵
ġ
֮ǰ󸻺ҹܻ˼ձˣĶģһʼʱҲ֪ձˣһ˵֪⼸ձһҹܻ˵Ҫҹ㣬ҳʮִ󷽣˼ƯĹǺȾƳ裬һʼȻûʲô飬Ǽձ˾ͳ˴Ǯ˵ҪŮ˳ȥһ㣬ҲǹܲŵģֻҪŮԸ⣬ȥҲ޷ǼձеǮֻҪһЩֳɾˡ
־͹ڣҹܻļŮ˵ڶ֮һģЩ޾ɣ֮͸ˣǼȥŮˣÿ˶˺ü꣬ʮˣ϶ƣ᲻еĻٲϰ࣬һֱӾͻ赹˳
赹ͽҽԺҽһ飬Ҳ鲻ȻֻǶǸŮ˺úϢ
Ǽձ˴ȥŮ˶⣬ֱӰ⣬ʮְգԵ֮ǼձʱֱӾܾǽŮ˴ȥǵǼձ˱ŭһִˡ
ҲǸЩѪԵˣţСձӼʮǰй۸йϰգڶʮȥˣô۸йˣǸҪˣøǿʮֳ˰䣬ѵһձӣһɫ
ߵǣ⼸ձӲǺǵģ϶й򣬽ǿȥʮ֣һ棬ӲȫЩСձſˣǿҲδ⣬ֱӱͷϵĸ׻ûʡ
˻˵Ǽձӻ֮ҪĳŮˣýǵ죬ǼСձϿ϶Ҫ¶
о⼸ձ˲ˣ˴⼸Сձһ֪ЩСձΪʲôôᡣ
ԭЩձҪͶʵģҪܱ߽һͦҩе쵼Щձ˶ܿЩձ˲Ͷʰ쳧һЩձǩ˺ͬа˳ӣ϶ܹеľ÷չ߾ҵʵȸ⣬Щˣձûκΰ취Ҳ򲻹ڰֻ߲ͨܳưͿ
ǼЩձӺȥҹܻǿ˲ɡ


413 ű¶Ů
ԣ֮£¶ҲֻҳסֹһЩձ˳ǻҲˡ
Լ֪ҵһЩϸҲһЩı£滹ˣǾҼүӣ¶϶ү˵ģʱүҪңһҵĵϸҼүصĺܣһ൱ĴУԾͷ˶ң⳥򣬵ӻ̩̤а벽
СӿǵĻͦȫ¶ҲòһǸܹǼСձӣǼʶҵֶεģ꣬ҲˣҹܻᣬңҲҲӺʵѡ
ΪүүݵԵʣʰǼСձҲõͱ¦ӣõĳʲôѹΪҼүӶš
ʱˣǾͲһˣȺСձĳӹƾŹŲԶˣҲʲôӪһֱ̫ܿԭ
һֱڵ绰˵ԵɣҾܾҪҹ˵ҲҲùˣǿֵܸǿҲǼСձˣҲְܲǿڶ
ò˵Ǹˣ㵽ҪȻҲô˳˳ˮ
е鶼֮粻ɫСʵСү¶
ʲôʱ̧ͷһ۾ʵ
Ӧʮһ֮ϴҲġһ£͸о˳¶ǹܶˣϵЦݾ͸˳
һŵĻĬĬĵ˵ͷ˵Сš¶򵥰Ǽձд⣬Ȳ˵ȥǼŮ˰ɡ
Ʋһ»УЩŭ˵ôûڲʺˣѾĻ鿴Ůˣ
͵ү˵ȥǼСձߵŮˣϳ⣬˵֮ǣǲˣ
⼱ƢһЩѹסôСձţҲܣǴֵܣ¶ûҲŲʲôձ̣Ǿմ
һǿѹеŭ̧ͷһʵ磬ǼȥŮ˽ϰ𣿡
˵ͷ˵аϰ¥İ𣿡
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ôϻ˾ˣ鶼첻ãҪɶãŭˡ
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͹ҵ˵绰ʱͻȻˣһΪСأǸǿһһֻֻһǰĲ輸ϣ˵СŸ磬ǻûԷɣȥЩԵģȽųԵǼСձƻҪȺһܹ
˵Уǿͽиˣó˼ӲһЩʳ⻹˼ƿ׾ơ
˵糿ԵķڻЩˣұûпоͳǿҲǺһ׾ơ
⣬һʦ׼ĳʳɳԼԣԻԶװô򿪣ֱ̽Ҳ͸ǿΪԾ
ⷹ϶ҪһһǼСձ˵ҪһܣûɲС
ĸ˸պӰ׾ƣʱֱƿˣһȾŻëСӴű¶ŮӾ˽
磬Ҹˡǻë˵
˵ͷֱǻëˣһš
ǻë֮Ů˲ų˹ͬʱһ硣
Դű¶Ů߽֮󣬻еһ˫۾һֱû뿪ǵؿںʹȣ۾ЩŹˡ
ϡǣʦԻȻҲ˲óˣһ˫ԲĴ۾ĶסŮˡ
ҿ治Ƕʦ֣˽תôһѵҲɫ
ҶŮ˿һۣǵȻǲģĸ͹£Ϳȥиʮ꣬ȫųŮǵע⵽ǵʱ򣬲ŷ֣ǵһķۣβסǵƣ֮ɫһѾ˺üعˣʮƣ۵ӡ


414 
Ů˽֮ǽܵϴһձˣϰľȳĽƼƼǸشĽҶǽˡ
ĽܻǼ򵥴ֱֱӣһͽ˵˵˳
֮ңŮ˵Сү
ŮЩĵĿһۣ۾ﴺתһɹ˵ϢһСү
ᣬһĹͷֵģסһ
ָŮ˽ԵĻУɷнµ˵λʦСүѣҲǸ汾µˣֱӽʦͺá
ʦáŮֳŻʦĵһЦ
һЦֵĻжʱסˣӶ˳æɳһкŮߡ
ŮŤˮһ֫ͳŻ˹ȥһƨɾ
ɳͲҺͻмһЩǿŮˣҲɳϣŮ֮һŨˮζӭѬֱ硣
һŮһ§סҵļӶſڱСүԺ󾭳氡Ժʶˡ
һʱûסŮѬĴ˺ü磬һŮ˸§סеʱ־ͣ˰֮Уס˱ӣվ
뻨ϵζ϶ŮϵζҪŨĶ࣬Ϊһûϴˣ⻹Ǵ죬ζӣԻ˸ҽ
Ϊ˲ûԵΣҲߵǸŮƵһߣ˵ɳе㼷ǵȥɣһҪȾء
Ůֻվ˶ĴɳϣһͷһۻУɫЩʧ䣬ѼӸˡ
϶ûҼϴ裬ҪȻҲὫŮѬߡ
԰ǵǰ¶ģֲģҲˣ˵ҪŮϵ׳ʲô⣬Ϊɶ϶ĵطأ
ҸɿһһԵĻУ˵ιУ㲻Ҫûô˵ˣܿʲô߳
һ£վӣŶŮ˹ȥŮ˿ŻеЩ׷ס˱ӡ
ʵҪϴɾһһɾ·˳Ļͦ˧ģӸߣһ⣬ʲô·ÿֻһõɮۣһģԵ˶ˡ
жŮ˿һԼ֮󣬱ߵҵߣеɫ˵СţϸûУŮȷʵ⣬ϵľȡһ֣ƻ屾еԪԽԽ⣬Ļ֮ڣŮ˱Ȼ
˵֣أҺСɵɫһ˻еôô
Լۿ֪ˡɳϣɫͳ
˵е˫ۻֱۣӳ忪ѨٴγŮϸʱ򣬷ǵԴһӺŨɢ
ϵľȷʵһһţȥҾö꣬Ů˾ͻᱩж
ҵһ֣صĿŮˣʵǼձ˽Ǵ߶Щʲô
⻰һʳڣҾ;ЩԾɫһ죬Щ֪ʵĽࡣ
糾ŮȴϰΪôһʣǲߣǺǵЦǸŮ˵Сү˵ģ˴ܸЩʲôȻ˯ඡ
ǸƼƼҲӿ˵ǼСձӸӲߣͦڣһ϶ûţڶŪﶼ߲ˡ
һ˵ҵֳһĿĻ棬ƾνԲɡ
Ȼ飬˵ľʧ⵽ʲôбȽһЩа˽⣬СձõǸһϲͨˡ
дСͿʼУӦ֪ĶһЩתԴ˻Уʵ˵ιУ⵽ʲôǼСձʲô
һҵСţ˵˫֮𣿡
΢˵ͷ˵֪ôһ
֪ʲôǲ𣿡ʵ
αЩãȻˣһϴ˵Щˡ


415 ˥߶
ԼҲδµëͷСӣش򹤵ʱҲʶٻ磬νĲԼҲܲ³š
̻˾
ҿһϿҵ˵УʲôͱˣϽ˵ɣǵʲô
һģɤ˵ԶˣǵǷҲУֲֻһˡ
ǵҽ˫ޣǷ֮Ϊϲ
˵ҲɵһʵҿҲĴԿգŮɫôôֹ
ҴĻЩˣƲŴ˵ż˵ǷҵĻϲǸӣߣаŵĹ˾ķŵģǵвҵĵʿǷҲɮܻĺУҲŹǴӡȴģԭ
УְܻĺУ̲סЦŲ
һ˵߳ŭˣ޺޵˵Сţүĵ׻ò˵ˣ˵¶ԼŰɡ
˵ţһһƨɳϡ
ҹȥȰָһƣʾС˵СŰСձӹƱõֲԭõẦһ˫Ӯ߶棬֪ɽϵĵʿ;Сձ͹ݵˣֱһԲཫŮϵľˣֻһС־ǹӲд֮ڱȻ˥߶ǳԸĨƨˣֱɱˣȺ˵϶ҪúʰСɮȥˡ
껨еĻҶѾһŻôȺڹ˵ǹݵİֵܾˣлϺ޼ɣ飬ǲһɫΪлϵ߶ɵء
΢΢鶯޵ҧгݣһ飬ʵǡ⼸Ů˵׻ûоȣɣ
ε̾Ϣһ˵ʲô취⾫ÿ϶УάĶ󲿷ֳȡ϶ǻ췦ˣЩձȫɱҲá
ǳȡЩŮϵľʲôôʵ
Ǻôɶˣ٣Ϊܹղϡָ˵
㶮ûͦİҿ˻С
ǡ켣꣬ʲôûСձͷһμһǵʱҿ϶ͷһϣСӱˡкٺЦ
ҵ˵ͷڶɳϵŮˣǿ϶һҲԼϵͷˣ绨ѩ¡
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ףͷ͵˭ء
ߵ⣬ֻ͸ѦСߴһ绰绰˺һŽͨѦСһͨ绰û˵ɶ¶СţⶼˣҴ绰
һֻոʮʮ㣬ɣ
˯ãҪѭȻɣͣĽѧʱʦû̸ô
ҳҸ˵¶أֳһ飬æûʱ䡣ЩƵ˵ţһо͹׵ˣѦСҲȻǺ࣬ûô
ѦСһ¶ʱͲˣСŰҷһ첻ǵ飬Ƥŷֿ찡ʲô˵ɣɶ¶
ұ㽫еһ˵ǣԭԭĸѦС˵һ飬ǹǼСձ˵顣
ѦСʼû˵һ仰˵ʱѦСǱ߲ɫСš¶²򵥣ҴûһȥҼүӣûа취ǼŮˣҲûа취ֻܵһλүүˡ
У¶㿴ŰɣҲżŶ֪ͨһͺáһص
ѦСӦһҪҵ绰ͻȻʲôƵģſʵСţǲǾҹܻأ
ǰҵ
ҿȥֵط󱣽Ҳ˵ȥ治壬ǿˡѦС߲һӦֱӻЦһ͹ҵ˵绰


416 һ
ưͳԻпԣ¶ģֲǹ棬ѦССʲôʱҲôˣ
ҿЦҡҡͷصһ
ұŮ˸˳ȥ
Ů֮ұ㽫вǰС˵Щ͸ǿһ飬͸ǿסСձһֱȱ´ð̶֣ôȥˣǻŧǹﶼ͸ˡ
ҲοһǲҪѾҽ취ҽˣҶ⼸֮ڲҪǼŮ˵߶浽
ҲӦ
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Щ˼ЦЦ˵Сү㲻ⷽ飬󸻺ҹܻ᲻ˣܻбȥɣЩС㣬ȻҲȥĳӣҸɲɣеӰ첢󣬲Ҳ⣬˵ĻӾתˡ
ҲˣҲ˵
Ǽһ߳ԷһһôʰǼСձ顣
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˵ǰǰ㣬лװ֮󣬿ͦ˧һСǸͷҲӰֻۣһЦʱԵЩѡ
ǶʰĲʱͻȻžͱˣղȥ߸ڴǵǸëŵ˽˵硭ˣǼСձˣզ죿
ɫһϵķһճӴǱǴ˳ȥ12㣬ͽŸϣ⼸ˡ
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ĸǿļ򣬿οİɣǿӣʲôʱԹ˵ǼձСӣһȺ׳Ҳһʰ
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⼸ձһҹܻᣬһ˫˫۾ڴѲӣǵһĨЦͷһȥʮͷˣձекһͲʲôö󻹸ĸСձͶʮ£·ѼһһҡһڵģҲ֪ԽС
һ⼸ձ߽ҹܻᣬһþһʮŮˣϣ̴棬ǰ˵λˣӭ٣϶¥ɡ
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˵ţŮŤ֫ͳŶ¥¥˹ȥͷǸСձٺһЦǴþƨһƣŮһȴǵļձ˷һ˵Ц
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417 ҳһ
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Ӧĸÿĸȳ֮ģ˵һ֮ͨǰǸСձһָָмһΪ崿ӣһߣǴȣΣһһĺÿ
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һһͷ߽˰䣬סˣЩСձһɫϵЦ£Щ
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ЩձƺܹеĻҲܿʲô˼ǸŮ˵Ľࡣ
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ձеģĻϾҪˣʱɣЩձ˵ǰ˵λλˣλŹͷĹүҵĹӣҶϢŭƣҸҳ⣬ɣ˭ļǮߣ˭ͽӴô
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㣬˫΢Цţʼ̧ˡ
ȣһʮСձ΢Цűҳ򡭡λһϡ
΢΢һЦһָ˻Σ˵ձ̫ôСˣ湻Եģ޵ǻʸҳʮǾЪŰɡ
˵ţһקŮ˾Ҫߣʱһձһӣŭȵȡǳʮң
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ȻпۿʮʱЩСձԾЩסˣʮɲǸСĿΪһŮˣֻһϣˡ
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лһ䣬һԵɣ߿һۣߵձߣͣˢ֧Ʊ
ˢձͳһпݸɣɣҲóˢˢһСձ롣
ʱһձٴվ˸£ôǲٿǡ
кٺһЦƤҲǺĿԣ˵Ըľģܵô


418 ˣ
ǡǮġǿһձҲԲѷ
ȻиͲӿǽǺٺֱЦ
Щձ˼ϲǣҲٴˣֿʼʮŮѡ
ĹһҲǺܲģŮߵЩձǰ棬ҽҲǰһ˵ȵȣҪˣҳʮ򣡡
˵ţұ㽫Ůһѳҵߡ
Ǽձ˴ʱѾ˳Һͻоˣǡ
Ǹձˣһ˸·һƣʹĲ輸֮ϣһƵʮǿʱʵľĲ輸ķѣϵľƿһء
⶯һʱһţЩŮ˾ɣĴ֮£ͳſ˳
Щձŭɶ޲ҪɱҺͻУʱм߳˹
Ȼͦ󣬵ЩֽţҺͻжһۣʱ˱˴˼뷨Ҳ汼˳ȥ
Һͻоֱ˳¥ܵһ¥Ĵ棬Сձܿ׷
ʮֿ˵Ҳнٸƽ˵ˣȺŷҲǿԵģԹ
ֻڿĵطҲܹӳҵǿս
ձ˷˷һ㣬ֱӾͳ··ģֱӾһߣŮһûзŹƵĹ¥ݡ
ҺͻжûóֻΪöԸЩ˸Ͳֵ÷ȭȭ⣬ƨˬ
Һͻվڴ֮У׼ʱбͻȻһǸǿʮ֣ձ˶¥Աߣǿŭ˵ϴЩСձǳﵷңǣôġ
ǿ⻰û˵꣬ǰһСձʹһ˸£һƾͳŸǿ˹ȥ
ǿҲǲһͷȥһƣȴûжȥСձصһţһ˸ǿС֮ϣǿ͵˳ȥײüżһĴ֡
Ǽձ˶˵͸ǿʮִ˵ЩСձЩֶεģʮ׳Ǽӵ߸ͲһֻһֳЩ׳ɵ˵ϣкü˹ȥ
ǵֶΣձĿֵָɴ䣬ʵսԻͦǿġ
Һͻоվڴ֮УĵȺš
ձ˴ҡڵĳҺͻ˹һձǰһָŻк˵֧죬ҾǳСҰǹڵϸǿͷϴü
ôϻлأձҰĵطʶʶСүֶΣ
˸·ձ˶˵ȭͷͳ߳˹
ƽСձſµʱ򣬻ȴһҵǰֱһȭͳСձ˹ȥ
ӲӲеȭȽϸͣЩֵĴĦȭһȭȥҶ߶˺ķ
ܿ죬˵ȭͷײһƺһѵ졣
վһһȭƣ
ǸжƴСձ򱻻һȭĺ˼һƺߣűƹǲסİ
ֻһУо͸ЩСձһǼԭǷձ˴һ
ʱתͷ΢ЦŸ˵Сţ֮ǰôҵһѵЩСձ
һȭŵһСձ֮ЩСձȫʧɫܿǸԴһЩձǰһ˵ǻ֣ʸ˭籨
гСձһЦתͷ˵Сţ㿴ûУСձǸͷƽʱͿģ㵱һ¶һ٣ǲŻὫ
ǸСձЩˣ˵¹ɽ̫ɣ̸¸У
ò˵СձҲģʲôСҰɽ̫ɣզôŤأ
վգСүһ٣ǣҪΪ͹ǵĵҪлҰΪЩ飬ǿôǺüŭ
һ˵ǹɽ̫ɫһ䣬ƺеЩ⣬һҲû˵ֱӻȭͷ˹
ɽ̫һϵƾͱһȭҵ̫Ѩ׼ҪɱҵĽࡣ


419 âͼ
ʶǵļȺձ߳ŭֱӾͳɱ˹
ҺͻȻ壬⼸СձҲɱȻ
ͷǸԴձһȭͷͳҵ˹ȭƻ磬һΣСéɽŹéɽԪȭͿʼձ˴
һ֣Ҳ֪ҲǸߣԵУһȻƵĲˣȭһţоȭӰ
Ҹϼһｻֵʱ򣬻ֻһˣֱӸĸСձ͸
ǻдһĴУϵװһѳ¶һŭĿյƵһ߸ǼСձţһ߳ս˼еķӡʱ䣬ϵǸҫһ͵Ľ⣬ֱӴԾȻͬһС
ŭĿҲֹһεļʩչÿһζһ־޵ĸо
ŭĿȻеɱҪǿŭĿյıһʩչбһµˣӦĸСձ⡣
оһΪҶԸСձΪ׺
ؼдҲʹΪǴһóͱҪ⼸СձҲûҪɱǵ˼ֻҪֽѵһԣһжҪƾԼԭʵձƴ
ܸҰϴæĶʦҲûзǸղųԷǼҿţ˳һ
ʦֻֻҪ˸ҸɼܣʦֿˣȺСձɣҵɾʹˡ
ǰСձʽԽԽͣһС̹ƵĺֱײƵҲˣЩкüζ򵽡
ҲǱСձƼˣ޲ֱӽлѹԹͷųֱӷŵǰһ
һǿסԼֻǲϵĴ߶еԼһֱ۷սСձ
һƣʼСձСձΪᣬΪû񣬾Ҷƴߴ˵һͨҲı飬ƺЩӵζ
СձҲȭΪƣ˹
Ҹƴô
ʵƴƴཻƼ򵥣ʵӿ˫֮䣬һһǿĻöԷܵСˣҲҪԷжôҸҼүӶƴһƵĻƾͻھ𣬾ѣΪүʹõƣҼүӵȻҪһĶࡣ
ǰСձҸоΪӲҼүȣǲࡣ
Ҳ֪ձ˵ƷʲôéɽǧľѧᣬʵͣԽұΪ˲Ŵüˡ
ܿ죬ҸСձ˫ƾһ
Ϊĵĵطʱһɞų뵿
ֻһǿСձĴӿһһͷЩ΢΢
ССձԭձҲôҷһƺߣСձһֱ֮岽һƨ˵ϣݺݵˤһƨס
Сձһƨڵ֮һһ죬³һѪĭӣĺ
վʱ˵һߴѼӽУҾֻ֣Ǿǡ˸¡
СͿ磬⡰˸¡ģСձء
ҿСձһֻ֣һָֻͷŽһҧˣŸһ㣬Լ³¶һŹǣҿֻѪָԼؿڻһͼǣҪȷ˵âǡ
ͼ֮Сձһ־ЩŹ֣ž͸־ࡣ
νͬڣ󲿷ֵǲģǿĳ߷ǣȻ֮ȻǿԶԵС
͸ҧָͨѪķʽԼΪһ㡣
ҸоСձЩзƺܶҲǴй͵ѧȥģȻԼ΢һŲײ࣬ԭѧ
ǰСձԲСҿԼؿڻһâǵͼ֮󣬺˶һϳһʮǿԼƺƮһ㵭Ѫ⡣
ȻСձһֱ֣ӴӿקһѶ̵ʶһԣһѺУһͲһѼ򵥵ĵ
ҿ򲻹ֱӲټһΪֻУСүǿֵô


420 ˵еķɽ
СձһѷձȫͲһˣȻ˱УעҪѪģҲ˵СձѾҴˣ˱Ҫƴ
ȻˣҲԴУܵʱҴԿȻ˱УҲͲˣһ֣ϵıͭǮעͭǮ֮УͭǮ϶ʱһɫĹâ
Сձһҵ̫࣬ǿеͭǮʱɫͱЩԾɵ̾ýһѹŽйвٱġ
û¶йҰ㳢Сүѽ
˵գͭǮͳСձɱ˹ȥСձһ˸£Ҳӭҳɱ˹ñǻײһ֣һһײһ𣬷һ죬һǴ硣
ղСձԼؿѪһâǵͼΪֱȸղŸ˺üΣһҾ͸оԼԵĳˣԭСձΪ֮ϣҲƾܹҵΪŴ˼ԵʲʤһΣһΣСձȫԸʮǿģһνѹסǴٶȺ϶ԽҲ٣оǰѿ쵶һն嵶ӣЩӦӲϾСձǷ˺ݣÿһͿҵҪҪҵ
ҾˣйĴϣСձǺôĵӣ͸Ҫɱҡ
кüΣǰѷձҵؿڻҵ·˼ӡ
ҸʮеӣЩסˡ
룬ȥˣҪȻСձĵ¡
û뵽Сձĵ治Ǵģ֮
УҪͭǮԶƣҪһξ롣
뵽ұź˼ӿڴöһǮӲңСձ˹ȥ
ţҵĽżһ棬ƮɳȥԶ
Сձҿǰѿ쵶ǴöӲҵһԣҺݺݵ˵أû֣򲻹ܡ
ҲøֻͣǳٺһЦţүģһ֪ܵ˭ء
һѽͭǮ׷ɵ˰֮У䣬һǳɣǰͭǮһâСձͷ˹ȥ
޷Сձı飬ҽͭǮ׷ɵ˰֮еʱֻ΢΢ķһСձ;ŴˣƺЩţ˵ɽ˵еķɽҾȻ˷ɽ
ֻ˵ûĻСүѲǷɽֻǽѣκܹĽɽȻСձҪҲܸͭǮ϶Ҫк
ۿǷɽҪɵСձߣСձܿͷӦ˹æһΣͳһԶ˹ȥ
һ㣬÷סͭǮ͵תìͷ׷Сձš
СձһתٴαһͭǮɢСձȫ˹ȥ
СձҲɱֻһѵѣ潫Сձɱˣҿ϶ٲ鷳Ȳ˵үүһؿ϶͹ȥ
Ϊⲻ֮Ĺϵǹ֮䣬ɱСձҵ鷳ɾˡ
ԣͭǮɢ֮ǳСձ֫ȥģ֤Ѫˡ
СձҵͭǮܹܵͿھǣѾʮˣȻֿҵͭǮһֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮȫ˹ȥŵĲ˿ӡ
йǵСܹģССձɵˡ
ղŻ˵ÿܣСձһͷܣôÿ֡
СձҶ㣬ջûȫȥҵͭǮöͭǮֱСձ˫ϣѪɽСձһƺߣ˵˵ϡ
һ־ЩɢĴͭǮϳͭǮҵС
ֻһΣͭǮմȾ˲СձϵѪ
ȺѪմȾҵͭǮҶеĽ
Сձ˴ûзһѽڵϵձһΡΡҪҳ˵ʱʱ죬һɹбСձؿڡ
СձһƺߣѪӵ˳ȥ˵ϣ΢΢һ̧ͷȻӾҲ֪˻˹ȥ
СձûϢбһвϽ𲧽Сձ˰ɣ
Сһ˶ԸĸȻйߵ¶ۿҾͽСձˣƫƫֺһӡ


421 Ź
ͭǮŻǱ߿ȥһһӡϽַ֮һձˣ⼸СձҲó˶̵ΧкǸŭĿա
ŭĿֻһŹӰҲźǿɱģЩСձĶ̵ŭĿյȴ첻κεˣҸǸձƴʱ۾ҲŻɨŭĿȻҲܵ˻еǣƣҶЩСձʹɱֻ֣ǰѽ䵶ĵȥЩСձ
ѾˣЩСձǷ蹷һΧС
һĹ򣬻бҺСţŸɶأҴſЩСձ
ҳƬ̣ǸڵûϢСձһۣͭǮͳΧеǼСձɱȥ
ҵļ룬ﻨзֵ˺ôһѹЩСձˮƽԱȸղǸձ˲һأһϳӲķɳȥһձˡ
һֱԱ߹սĸǿ˿ҵ˱ĻᣬǸķɵձվǿʮһϣСձһȭߣֱӴСձˣſڵϿ޵
ҺͻʰСձĴսȦ֮⣬ǿŴ󸻺ҹܻĴֲʮӲĹ⾰еСձſˣȻֱǿǲһᡣ
ֱǼСձͷѪģǿ˴ҹܻĴţǼСձ˳ȥ
׷ųȥʱ򣬷ֱϽ𲧴еǸСձ˹ҳһ
ûбͺãҲӦˣлػˣǵ³
Ǹձ֮󣬱ĸͷձ˲СձݺݵĿţҧгݵ˵㡭ǰɡҼסˣǲŹģ
Сүͽб鷳ˣҵţйĵϣҵҪܷʲô˻
ӦǾ仰ծ˲ʭӶ˲˶ˣ⼸Сձϼ
һݻ֮ձ˺ݺݵĿһۣ㱻ĸձ̧һʱݵԽҰﳤȥ
ǼձһߣǿʮҹܻĴ־ΧҺͻУֱӽ˷ܵĴ󺰴ţǱѩˡ
ʰ⼸Сձ֮ǳһڶ
һ߽֮žӭ󻹸Ŷʦ֣ҡͷβһ˫Ĵ۾ţʮָ˵ӣҲ֪Сһﵽֵɶ
ѽСүλʦǶǰҪǹæǲ֪ҪǾϹġ
ʱǻȴЩͷ˵ˣղŴܵʱСӲ֪صȥˣһˣͻȻð˳׼˼
ϵķһһĨɫЩε˵ϸ첲ȵģҲ򲻶ˣղҲǰСүĳѽüһССǿܳ԰һĹ򣬾ͳֻռ߰˸ͷƿƣôСĸӣҲ֪Եȥˡ
˵ţЩĳŶʦһۡ
ֲöʦָղֵƨƨߵģԭǳ˺ö
ţֵɣСүʦǱѾ׼˾ƲˣǴСձӢˣǺһ칦ƣ
ȥͳӢˣ
ǲ˵ǿһֵܣҺͻ˶¥һ䣬ǰϴһӣ˺þƺòˣűʳָ󶯡
˵һܣͦģеˣһȺֺģͿʼԴ
ڳԷʱһ٣׻˵Ӭ޷ĵģȺձΪɶҵ󸻺ҹܻᣬΪнŪôһ˵ȥŮˣ϶ָߣҷȰϽҸӪɣ׬ôǮɶãˣ۾һһţʲôʣˡ
˵ͷҲ֪ûȥ
ȴһ飬ǸղҺͻ֣СձѪóһ򣬽ˮһաǮ˵Ҫһ롣
壬˵ɶһ룬ǮǻʦǮһһһĿ㻨
ŹЦϵĿ塣
Ȼ֮࣬ȴЩǣȺСձǴˣ˵Ҫұġ


422 
ձʱһۣ۵Թ֮ɫ͸һصĲƵģ¶϶ûꡣ
ṩȺձ˻ͦͶʵˣһٱ򣬹Ͷʵ϶ˡ
СձҲûаʲôģҩȾҵҪŷŴˮţͶʸãܸмһЩȾһƬˮ졣
Сʱ峺ĺˮͱѾûˣϼҸ߸ڴ嶼Ѿټ
СձձҩܵйҲûʲôġ
㰲οԼͻȻЩİˣϾЩСձûʲô¶
ЩִˣĳЩҪҵ鷳ҾҪԲ˶ˡ
һһںȸһӰ׾ƣ룬أͷȻֱ˶ѾҴˣҲڣһΣһմ˭йء
һߺȵĺòʹ죬Ƭ֮ұ㽫Щ鷳¶׵˾⡣
һپҲ֪ȵʲôʱԴЩκˣȻ䣬һ¥һ鲣죬ҵľ˴롣
ʱѻȸ
һ۵СƬ֮ȷӳ˹ôģʲôȥ
Ƭ֮󣬸ǿ˳ţʮӲʱ䣬ǿ۷˻Щŵ˵⡭ձˡ
ձˡ
ҿ˵Ļ죬մǲСʱ͹ұˡ
ʱҲɫʸǿ˶ձˣ
һǿ
һɶղˣСүͻʦڣʮ˸Ҳ¡ֵ˵
Һܿнһ񣬱˴˶ӶԷпһ˿
Ȼձ˸ҵǹƥɱ˵ܲ򵥣Ǹݽɫ
Һͻз˾Ʊ˵˷һ¥ķ첽ȥ
ʱʦֿһߣܿҲƨƨߵĸһֱ׷ҵһ¥Ĵ
һڵĴſڣתűˣɢһأ鲣վһձˡ
֮˵ձˣΪһ۾ܿĳСձձͷһ˫ľ죬ﻹһѳڵվſڡ
ձ΢˫Ŀһվſڣȥиʮң޽Щ߰ףһͷ˫ֱǰ
ƣ͸Сձ֮ǰǼձܹġ
Һͻ¥֮󣬾ֱձ˹ȥͣʮ׵ĵط
˵λ֣˵ˣﻹҪ˼ҲҲ̫صˡ
һģڻŰӣ¶һ
˵ձ˲΢΢۾һ˫ۣĿ峺ˮ֮ȻıһɱԲŭ֮С
۾֮ɨ˻һۣĿҵϣһſڣ㵭˵ǴձԶ⣬ȴǴձ˴Ѫģй˵Ĵ֮𣿡
ȥԼ˻£˵ĹûʣǴձԶǲǻøм㣬еӭ
ҪģûôҪģй˻˵Ǻãʮǰǳսʲô
һЦ˵˵ձ˲úǵţܵйʲôѵǵŮ˶ȥСӰˣܵйˣ
Сձһٴοңһâڱĸо쬵ġ
ôľɱ
Ҳ֪ղûҵĻת˻˵¼䣬¿ǽ
ûҴ𻰣ӹ˻ͷ˵Ŷ䣬Ŷ찡֪һӥձˣǸǲֵܰˡСɮʶһģҲձһˣǿ϶һӣûˡ
һ˵ҲЦ˳˵ձ˶ǵİ鶯ƬģСӿܳͬʱҲе۽磬ΪһУδ֪Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һҺͻһ䳰ȷٺõƢҲסˣСձûסһ˸£
Сձ֮󣬻кܿͽӿڵͶˣ¶ıĿˣ˵Ǳľˣαظô໨ӣСձαͱˣֱӿɣСɮҪźȾȥأû
СձѾЩŭɶˣĿٴ˻еϣŭ˭


423 ֻ
Ǽ𻨺˭ǻͦͦԼظһ˵ðɣȻʵСɮˣСɮ͸һСɮǵŵһִȴնʴ͵µ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦͽܣҲô˰ɣ
һĳǽСձ˵ˣ˺һû׹
Сֽ̨ɽĻ۾ʦ˳治Ҫ˼һ۾ʦϵ˭û۾ʦƣƻ۾ʦ̨ɽĶȣ챻߶
˵ˣǰ˿ձˣ֪лصи֣԰ڳ˲ʶҲ״
ҸеǣСձȴɫΪ棬ЩԾ˵̨ɽ۾ʦͽܣ
һظĵ˵Ȼٰ˵λձˣеӾܶԣû¶ãиôԶʦ϶Ҳ˵ġ
Ǽ۾һУ˵̨ɽ۾ʦͷȻԶձҲ׹ģֻţйĺжĴԿգ˶ִģǸµΪһʦţҿ˵Ѱɣ
Сձ˵ĵҲ٣ȻȴǺƤ˵˵ǹȥĺжԺȾƳ⣬ѵû˵µĺлȢϱ𣿡
ȥԽԽҪˣԼط棬˼¸˳
һ˵ձȴԶԣҲʧȥģһѾͽϵձ˳˵ðɡҲǲǻ۾ʦͽܣȻǶִձˣҪΪ˸ۣǴձǲܶģ
ǰձһγʱҰԱ㵹һǰѵʵʱ򣬱㷢һâתƯһһɱȻҵ˼֡
һѺõ
Ȼ˼Ұڿ˼ƣǾ͵Сձǰ˵
ħ˳һֻϽ𲧡
ҲͭǮӱ˳뻨һԴ
аɣǣǼһʽ˫ֳֵǵζиѿڶ졣
׻˵ĺãмһ֣֪ûУһ֪õмңһһʽȲ
һһͶõĴУеͭǮһͷϣâɱڣҲһ
ţҴ߶˷ͿھʼǰͭǮǼ˹ȥ
һͭǮСձ֮¶һ־֮ɫԵ̾ýһѺý
Ļһ䣬ҵ֮еѾתͷϵͭǮһŸҫ۵ĺ⣬һ䡱һ⳯Сձ˹ȥ
Сձ׵ĵطҲű־ͭǮֽ˿˼ʮöͭǮСձ˹ȥ
ʼգСձͱһ˫ֳֵʽͭǮһ·ֽ˼ʮöͭǮҲǼ֮пκβһ̩ɽǰĲӣϼһǸ֣϶ģ
һУоû˵
ۿǼʮöͭǮҪڼϵʱ򣬼ͻȻˣеձһ裬ľһӰӣҾһ죬ͭǮǼʮöͭǮȻȫ˳ȥǶ˲Զһ̨֮ϣ߳һâǵͼ
ҿôţȡ
ҼõģҲûôģص鳤սõĸ֣һ洫ľŹԵСձĵһȣѷɫࡣ
СձĿ쵶ʱ򣬻ǱҲˣеϽ𲧷һʱʢ뵳ССġ֣Ͻ𲧵ܣƺҪһ㡣
Ͻ𲧴¸ɮ󳪣һ⣬ͳǼײ˹ȥ
Ǽٴλһʽ׼ǿٳȥϽ𲧣Ͻ𲧿ҪײϵʱСձԵʯٶһϽϡ
ˡһ죬ϽȻʧɫһԷ˳ȥײǰ̨֮ϣִ̨һ
Сձֻ㻯ҺͻΪֶ֮һȻ
ȻСձƺҺͻзֻǽûгǿǶСķϣҪǼеӡ
Ȼˣǻɶ
Һͻжһۣ˼һϣѾġ


424 ˼ĵز
ձʮѶԸֻܺͻһսˣұһҪʹȫС
дˣȻῴеĵһųɱﵣǸ˳һŭĿյֳһѿ䵶ɱڣһͬСձɱȥ
ͭǮеתʵڳСձʱ֮зӡԹͷųʤĻǳ󣬿һҾпܽСձɱˣһٳ϶û⣬ҪйСձɱˣʾͲһˣүӿ϶Ҳסҡ
ԣһǷ뷨ҾСձӦҲöɱ֣ϾйĵϣɱˣҪӻձǲܵ顣
Щ򵥵Ĺһ飬Ҿ˵ǽӶѣǱˣҲֻ˵ͲСձĶ֣ԴСӮҲʡ
ʱ䣬Һͻо͸Ǽ佻֣һֱǱǼߣ˶һеͭǮϣŻһ˻еĽħϡ
еձͭǮϵʱ򣬶ʱһŻ⣬һǿԵ˳ͭǮӿҵһڷͭǮֻ֣ʱͽڸˣҵ嶼˳ȥ
ȻҲҺò˶٣һƺߣҲ˼һײ˰̨ϣ̨ײһ顣
УҺͻоȻһжȥСӵʲô·Ҳ̫һЩ˰ɡ
ֿϷųǸŭĿҲСձ˹ȥǰѽ䵶һն˼⣬Ǽֻվԭأ˫δϵŲȥŭĿտļֿնһһ¿ŭĿյ䣬ֱӽŭĿն룬ӰһΡ
һɫޱأͿŭĿջһŽ⣬һײ˻еؿڣ
ԽСձ־ԽľĵǿͳأµǼ׼ͷǶһһץ׼ʱ־һҪ
Сձ֮Һͻб㲻˿ˡ
ҺͻٴսеķĳСձ£ҳոʹһɫҵ˼Ǹڸ߻Уһǰɧڱ͵ϮҪƽСձĳˣٸĻûôˡ
һֻϽ𲧣һֻŽħƣĳСձ
ҿͻȻˣǽϽһ³СձԴ˹ȥħƳСձĿѾ˹ȥ
ͬʱġ
ڻжֵͬʱҲСձĺ󱳷˹һֻ˼£֮еȫӿ֮УһֱӾСձĺġ
СձǸʯһվһǰձ
ȻҺͻͬʱߵʱſʼ֣һֻյһٴδϽ𲧣ֵ˻еĽħƣȻ󻹷һţ߷˳ȥ
ЩͬʱСձûڳһֻ˹
ĵСձƶԺһ
ֻײһʱҾ͸оСձǺˮһ㣬һ½ĴӸˣȻֱ룬ֱײȻҵһӾͷ˳ȥһҵĸ첲һѵ죬ǹˡ
ҺͻеͬʱԵ˵ϣˤһת
һҲŷӦʱ;ø첲ϴһɾʹ̧ˡ
ֵƶԸСձƴһƣСձ˿ȴһķɣȻֱۻˡ
ֶ̫ǿˡ
ҿ򻨺еʱ򣬷Ҳ˵Ĳᣬһֳֻŵ棬һֻŶӣĴӵϵı쳣ʹࡣ
ڴʱһصŭͷʱ򣬵ʦֲ֪ʲôʱվҵߣѾĳ죬ٴȼ˺ɫĻ磬ƾҪǼȥ
ҸæеͭǮһץס˶ʦֵĲӣʾǧҪȥ
Сձĵֺֿݣֱһַ˼ĵزʦȥ϶ҪеĿ쵶նΪأҲ뿴ġ
ʦһѲֻգǳСձһвƵŭ𣬺۾ҲлĻȼա


425 ʧ
һķӦ֮ҷСձһֱǱ۾ģͨųĸжϳǵķλģ˽ӵһּ£һձˣҲòֶΡ
ʦŪ˶˼䣬һӣתͷ˶ʦ֣ЩԾ˵һͷرôл桭
ȻûٴͭǮǳס˶ʦ֣ΡΡվӡ
Ҳ˽ħƣͬվ
Сձһֱŵ¶һ˿ЦݣͲмһ˵ЦݣٺٵЦˣķݶϣУǴձǲܶģǴձˣһҪѵҪȻǲ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
˵仰֮ձٴξеĳӰһξͳŻ˹ȥ
Ǽһҵľ͸һͻȻһʮֲõԤУпǼ䳯ԼıҲǾȵģǾ֮ɫһ˲ʧˣתһɫ˽ħƣձ˾ʹ˹ȥһ̣ҿϾȻҲֳһŵĽɫâϵǸŭĿյ˿̿ӵԡ
еĽħһ˲ٶȶȻӿ죬ܿ͸еĳײһ𣬷һǻֻסǼһǼһдһξ룬Ȼٵķһ
һԱһλҪ죬Ļжûüתֻ΢΢̧ǰŽħƵ֡
һĻҵѪеŭ˲ͱȼˡ
Ϊҿеձһ¿˻еֱϣеֱֱӴӱһأȻתʱ򣬲ŷԼֱ۶ˣʱѪӿ˳
һ±ɫһֻס˲ѪĶϱۣһ仰û˵ûкһ
һӲӡ
ҿ˵ĻУǷһ㣬Ĭ˼ھϽ𲧾ٴηٴγżײ˹ȥֻϽҲûиղǰǼֻǺһӵײϽϣȻϽ𲧾͵תìͷ˻еؿڣײڵأһѪ
һ̫ˣҸûʱ䷴ӦǼһĶܹ룬еһֱֻ۾ͱˡ
ҵĺĳζŶϱۣǰͭǮһһĳż˹ȥÿǰһҵĶڵѪҳ׵ķŭˡ
ܽܵľҵܵκ˺ҵǰοлǱĿһֱֻۡ
Ǽն˻еֱ֮˵˹һĨɫʮֲм˵̨ɽ۾ʦͽҲˣͲһǴձߵǰй̫ˡ
СձҲѣеͭǮָ˼䡣
֪֮źܴĲ࣬һ˼ʮĸ֣ܹһҪʤǾֻһ취ǾǴ߶ҵ֮ѹƵǹԹҵΪһ˲һս֮
ǻŭŭڣǼһĮɫĳһЦ˵ձ˵ģԣΪ˹ƽҪնһȣֲձﶪʧϣ
Ҳٸ˵ǽָһҧˣȻһ־߶еѹƵԹȻһϵеĶƺѾȲˣһâͳɱ˹
գۼ䣬ǵ͵ҵǰŵҴȿ˹
ˣһûˣҪ˷ˣ
ȻڴʱһŻɫĻƮȻֱӴ˼䣬ǼĵͲ׾ҪҵĴϵʱͻȻָı˷򣬳ŷĻն˹ȥ
նͬʱĽż棬Ʈ˳ȥȼĽŲ֮󣬵ŻɫĻ˲ĵ֮һֱӣ϶֪ʲôʱЩš
ĵ˻ϵĶͣʦֳ֣϶Ҫճһѻҽ͸òˣʦĻǿǻеһͱճɻҡ
ȻҷǸ˵̫ˣǻ˳ŽһֱҪӵϵʱ򣬼ͻȻ˼־˽ָǻϾͲ˹ȥָڽһŻ澹ȻϨˣ


426 û˵
޷ŵǣǼеձȻһɺɫǳ֮ϵĺɫϨǹҲʧ
ղŻǶʦȥģʱĶʦƺҲСձܲöԸûóȻֻǵҵǰ棬ӵͷڵϣСƨɣż䷢˵͵͵ƺ֮
ʦϵĻڣһһһĻ淭ݡ
ղǶʦ־ңҪͻȻҵһȾͱסˡ
ʱҳŻǱ߿һۣд˿Ѿ˹ȥһֻ־ߵĲԶϵֻһֻѪֹ㣬ѪҲˡ
ļһ㣬ҪȥоСձȴҵǰ档
СձϨ˽ϵĻ֮ٴο˶ʦ֣۾΢΢ͻȻʵͷʲôôڤ֮𡭡
֪ʦʲôֻ֪ǻ˰ˣ˵Һ޵ձûгԹҲܸʦֵʱҵĿĻϡ
СձҲʱٴαķŭŭ˵ðɣһͷʲôɱ˵ȡһȣ˽ˣ
˵գСձٴձ߳˹ʦҲһź󣬳Сձ˹ȥϵĻһ˲ҷֽʱյĶʦϵĻκʱҪƺܹеĶȼ
Ŷʦֳż˹ȥбһܸоʦָСձ϶ԿȻǻеĺ֣޵ĺϾһͷδĻޣҲֻһ̰ˣôСձĶ֡
Сձʦ˹ȥ֮һɱеձֵһΣͳŶʦֵ˹ȥҴʱѾȫˣĶʦֻԿһ½ͭǮͳСձ˹ȥ
ͭǮȫ˸һź⣬ҲûдͭǮֽ⿪ˣΪѾûʱ䣬ͭǮֱӻһâͳСձؿ˹ȥ
ȻСձûг߿һۣӰ·һĻȣ˳һ˶ʦ֣ҷѾеһֱӴСձ们˹ȥСձĳʵʵĿ˶ʦֵϡ
Сձĳֿ׼࣬һ¿ڶʦֵϣǶʦֿ϶Ϊزɡ
һ̣ҸȥҺ¿ѪȵһĻұ۾
ǣұ۾һ̣ȴʦַһƺߣȴûеĲҽУٴ۾ȴҲŵһĻǼĿ쵶ûнʦնΪأֻǽʦִķ˳ȥڵϹ˼ȦܿվֻǴʱĶʦϵŻʧˡ
ôܣĵֿ׼̹ģΪʲôնڶʦֵȴû˵أ
ڻʱʦֵĸױЩڰڤñǹ˴⬣˵޲ǵǹġ
ѵ˵ĶԶʦ˵첻ʲô˺Ƕʦǧ껱ǿڵԵʡ
һʱãȻˣ֮⣬ϲ
ǼҲЩ⣬תͷһ۶ʦ֣ҲЩȻֻһ˲ǼĿٴοңûʦ֣ٴξеĳ˹
ֻһҾҪϵһȣǰҵһθоԼǰĵ̫ˣĸκηӦĻᣬ䣬ӡڵеԹͷųǵϵһĨâֱ߶
ǼˣҲûзԼϣǬһͳСձ˹ȥ
̫ңҲ֪ɶоʬﻹܵô࣬ƾֱ˹ȥ
һΣ׵ľͶ˹ȥȻٴֱҶ͵еĵҪʱſڴͻȻһȣ𶯣ҾҪȻҿǹˣ
һȻֹͣҵĴȴͲôףҵȾͷˡ
Ȼ⵶վͣΪſڴͻȻ߰˸죬׷еǹָǼ䡣
ĵֻҪȥһӵԴ
жߣ֤һӵ̵
ԣĵͣסˣתſڵķȥ
ղǸЩ죬ҲתͷȥһǸˣǰ컹Ұæǰ
ô¶ôͻȻѵղ˱ˣ


427 ڵѪ
̧ͷŶ¥ķȥ¥վֻ֡
ˣСӵǺҺͻвСձĶ֣ǻԿ͵͵˾
ڻĴϣ֮ı䶷ǲùٸ˳ģǽϵĹأҲ֪ձûأǿоԱſڣǹָţǼ仹ǻعͷһۣЩм˵̫ˡ
Ͻѵ£ûУҪȻҿɿǹˣӵʱ䡣ǰٴɫ˵
ǰǱһ٣ǼֻеĳоԱڳ˶˵ϣҲձڡ
ˣСձһܽ˵ǴձˣҪǵ쵼ͨҪегͨǲԴձˣ
ҲǴģȻйҪйķɣֵֻˣʲôһ˵ǰ˵ţСձתҡ
һǰҼĲˣæǰоȻһֵܱСձˣϽҽԺǵýĶϱţܲܽϣ
ǰҵ˵ͷæк˽εڵϵĻи̧˴󸻺ҹܻᣬֱӾ˾Ȼ
ֱ۹ۣҲֱӸͬһȻȥҽԺ
ڳϣԱǣһǰ
Ҳûˣǰɫ˵ôĶܿ㣬һ첻»ôָձ˴ˣ
ƣҲ˵ųϵҽԱæҵĴŻвѪ˿ڣҵĶڵѪ
Ȼнʱ䲻Ѿõֵ֮һ
ۿѪȴһУҲýһģԭҪ뿪ҷһģҪȻҲᱻСձնһֱۣǻеϱ޷ϣҪھһӡ
һҪҲնСձһֱ۸еծ
Ҳ˵ǰ˵εֵĺܴ󣬾о֣⼸ձձմˣͶҩģûãͱ㱩һ٣ڶסԺˣĸλ쵼ǳߣһҪּù鰸ôҲû뵽СӶ֣ǾʲôԹΪʲôЩձ˴Ǹӣ
̧ͷǰ˵ģҲģôô죬㣬ֻ˵ǣҶ˵һ٣ɱҶ
˵˶ݣǰʱȤ̽ʵСţʲô˵˵
Щ鷳һʱҲЩͲʲôɶģҹǰҲף䡣
ǰΣֻǸ˵СŰ֪ƢԣԲԵ޹ʾ͸˶ֵˣȻﲻ̫࣬һģԲί
֮ԽǰҲѣΪ鹫ƽ˽ұݺʱûаźѵĶҪȻҲ
һ·ʻǾ͵ҽԺб̧˳͵ңҲҽҴֱ۵Ĺۣ󱻴ʯ࣬סҽԺſȻԱţֹܡ
ڸǰʶԵʣҵĶûбߣ
ڲϵʱͻȻ˶ʦ֣Һͻбߵʱ򣬺ʦֲûиҹҲ֪ȥʱ̫ĻеˣҲͺ
ضʦǱչŶʦҲͷˡ
˿ЩģҲ˯ţǸձ˵ʲô·ΪĵĿ쵶֮ҾȻһжӲסҪ̽̽ĵϸУû꣬Ҫˡ
ȷʵֵеˣô˵⼸СձҲͶҩģе쵼ȻǱϹϾģǲͶʣʧȥһ⣬ҽЩСձˣ˵ǾͻҿصϳͣЩСձ
ֻкüζүү绰˼ҳҰƽ飬ֵүӷңҸղڤ֮ػû죬ֳôӣүӿ϶ĲңҲֻա
ʱһһţҺ˺üſڵǰʻûΣգǰȴǻһֱûгҡ


428 
бСձֱ۵ʱѪֱģ󻨺б˹ȥѪһֱȥôòű͵ҽԺһ·ϲ֪˶ѪǻΪҹҵˣҷǽǼ˲ɡ
ֹȥһСʱ֮ǰŸһǱ߳ңܳɹϱѾˣܲܳɻǾһ¶ˣ˻϶û⡣
Ǹձȥǰ˵͵о֣Ͳö֪ˡ
ҹСձŵĿǺܴģͷС
лһʱоƣڴһǾһһɡ
̫ˣԺľ˯ˣ˯ʱͻȻ䱻һ绰ѣԺ˵绰һǵ绰ʾġүү֣ʱ;⵴Ȼ޴档
ԥƬֳ̣¶ѵүӶ֪ˣϢͨôʹĶ
绰˺ü֮һǽ˵绰
үүЩźһ
绰ͷһĬͷүӵأ
ֽ֪ǰסģүһöûУΪÿһѶᱻүӴƣֻʵҽԺ
ˣ
šӦ
زأ
أֱ۹ۣһˡٴӦ
ձ˴ˣүӽʡ
ǵģǴСձһĸֱ֣ӽҴſˡ
Сӣ֪ʲô˰ɣҲСӳԵͷʱˡүƽ˵
ѽ̫߳ˣǣүͺңҹѪͷһȴûиǰһ㣬үԽԽûе
ҸɿһС˵үүҪл𣬾ţﻵͲˣû¶ҿס
Ǳүȴһ˵үүҶˣǷˣСԽԽƤʵһαһθڷǳˣӲˣϹͷҲܲסˣҲǣ
ҺٺһЦ˵аһĵ绰£ϡ
ү̾ϢһͻȻת˻⣬ٴʵүү˵˵ɣΪɶҪձ˶֣
үһأʹ˻ϻӣǼСձĻͼӴ׵Ķһ飬үһֱĵš
үһܽᣬ˵飬үүҲܣһΣСĶԣүү֧㣬Сձôô򣬼ʮǰûйˣ۸۸ˣȺСձܵйǣ͸øһѵ֪ǹҲǺ۸ġ
үү˵Ǹ˻ˣ⻹үӵһοԣвмֵ⡣
үӺܿеͷһͷˮ˵СҲ˵̫磬֪ձǸʲô𣿡
ãȻʵүүȺСձйͶʵô
˲٣ǻһݣձմߣձһĽ񹬣ڶıǴմ磬Ľʯˮᦹ˵Ǹձ˱Ǵմи֣ڴմһɣǸձ˱ǴմµһΪһձҲǺպģܰһҲˣүү֣Ҳûмʤ㣬һĵǧ֮ãһǬһ־ͱҪѪɱˣǼеձձʦıаĺܣܹǵġСӣ֮·ֻһˣҪվ۷壬ͱҪԼǿܴ죬ҲҪɥûܻһ˳ҪǧĳΪõĴţ֪
֪ˣүүүүⷬοҵĻԭЩʧʱְ˶־
үֵСţҪЩձˣǼ䣬òҪٸӴүүѾƽˣһԼȥû˹㡣
̫ˣллүү˷ܵĲӴϱ
үүǺһЦ˵Сٸүүǵ飬үү֮أûȥʰ㣬ͣһû
Ӧһһ飬үүǼնһ첲¶ô㣿
үүһƬ̣˵¶үүͱ޳ĪˣҪзôˡ


429 Զ
ү˵ĿҾ֪ǸձͿ϶ҪߵģϾڵ˵һ͵ݣǴŴʽͶʵģߣֻˣûɱˣһǮ¶Ͼ˽ˡ
Щ飬ҼүҲ̫ԤүүȻλӸְϾǲһϵ쵼Щ˵ҲһãܹûκεĳүҲ˲ŵ
еһһһжүӵƿ֮УҲ֪ү߰ʲôߣͨ졣
ڼҪҵ绰ʱͻȻһ飬ү˵үүҸϲʶ
үƺһ£ɻ˭
һŷүӡҵ˵
ŷүЩԾ߶һߣٴʵ˸Щ飬ôˣ
үʵЩУŷүӵͦĵġ
򵭵˵үүɱˣһɱĸȫùŪģɱ֮ڵĹͷйˣ״ʮֲֿ
үүǱߵһʵôɱˣϼһƽʱɽ¶ˮģǰû֣ôصĺ֣ǲʲôί
ӦһֱӽĸӵܽŷүӵӴˣүӡ
үŻȻ̾Ϣһ˵ŷһһ˻ĩϽ֮ѵģҪ˵ŷҸҵ϶಻ԶǰҺŷСʱ飬Ҿͨƶ֮Ǵùƶ֮ˣǸʬңүүҴСУСʱҾ֪ŷǸߣΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ϵı¶γɱˣҲǱƵͶ·ų²ߡ
Ӧһ˵ȷĺܲңĸӵܴĲģԴҳ˼ѪӣŷүҲˡҾһˣ˴ˡ
ү̾Ϣһĵ˵֪ãҲҵĶ磬ԺСĽǵǧҪǣ
ҺٺһЦͻȻðһֵ⣬˵үүұձ˸ɱˣô
⻰ʳڣҾЩˣ֪ⲻʵģһֽɡ
үǱ߳ĬһЩͳ˵ߣԶҴӦүү϶ҲӦ
үү˵ĻĪЩжӶЩ΢΢ˡ
үʵŷˣ
һ±ӣصҲǽֻ֣ǰһѵæȥһ£֪Ե֮ҾͽŷүӷˣߵʱԼļһѻˣǲٻˡ
Ǿͺã϶ǻϽ֮ˣҺŷһϷ棬ûжС֣ҪȻҲܻ죬ŷϼһĹƶ֮ʮɱ֮УȷʵϧһЩ
үֺ˼䣬ǱߺæǾ͹Ҷ˵绰
ȹҶ˵绰֮ҲŷѾүһͻȻͺ࣬һ˽ᡣ
үүҵطǸձˣ˵ʲôձմһ˵ձүү˵ձӦþ͸ĴصéɽɽɽɲһЩطдñĵطǼĵʵ뻹Щ£Ҹ϶û꣬ˣȥˣеǶϱ֮𲻵ò
ڴһܿ촩ЬӣµأȥǱˣʱҲžͱƿˣ˸˹ֳһĨϲɫ˵Сš˵Ϣոսӵ֪ͨڿ뿪ˣǸУоǺеҽҩҲձ˱⳥˶ʮ򡣡
֪ˣǺסļ䲡ҹȥʵ
ǰЩ£ҵô֪ģ
ˣȥǺС˵ţҾͳŲ˳ȥǰ׷˳¥һ֮С
лһŴȻҽԺĲţСӻŪһ䣬ҿеʱ򣬴˿ڲ˯ŵģɫЩ԰ף촽Ҳǰ׵ģֻϵֱ۲źһɴȻǸ˶ϱۡ
ҵӣٴʱ򣬻ƺоҵĵȻ΢΢۾


430 ʬ屻
ģǻлֿ죬¶һļЦЩɳƵ˵Сӻأ
СӶĺúõģΪʲôܻţ˵ţЦߵ˻еߣߵһϡ
ǻпһҵڲϵֱۣ˵СҲСձһ첲
ûУұһЩҵĸ첲ǱСձĹˣӦþͺõĲˣֻСӵĸ첲ЩѰ죬ҲģʶһСҽֱҲûɶ⡣
˵ҽѦҩ̵ѦСߣ㲻ʲô֢һֳˣҸоӦòҪѦҵүӣѦСԼܽ
һ뵽ѦСߣͻȻּһ飬ǾҺѦСߴһ绰һˣҹܻǼŮˣʱѦСҲӦؽӦиظ˰ɡ
Щ񣬻Ǳ߱Сţ·ͦҰʶҽ첲κ𣿡
һع˵ⶼСˣģ϶ûɶ⡣
ЩŽɣҵˣǸǵСձûУ
⽫ʵһ㶣ҲСձǽд˹ȥŹʰҵģ黨иͲ֪ʱҪǶʦְһѣҵһȾͱСձˡ
ԣҵȻкã̾Ϣһ˵СձĿ쵶ôΪܴĹ
ǻȷǲΪȻĲһ¾ͳ˿ڣ۵С˻ȥҿҿСħ壬۾һһ̣ǴĸֶҲˣǴļһСձΪҲ࣬СôŴиɵ
˵ǣҲ˵žܷŵģʱСӵˣһ߻ħ޷ƣɱСձֵΣ
˷ң˭֪ɳʲôʱͲһ˵ˡ
һǸ˵Сձĵж㲻ǲ֪ҸûʱŴУСձĵɱˣҪ˾Ҳͱˡ
˵۾ʱ͵Բˣ˵ô˵Сձˡ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷ
ˣ˵ЩʲôʱͻȻͱһֻˣһΪѦС߸Ҵģóֻһȴսֻ롣
⼸췢̫ˣЩͷǣϸսҲ绰ȥһ±Һͻͷʬ顣
ҽͨ˵绰磬ôˣ
սһûлشҵ⣬ҵСţأ
һ㶣ҽԺء
ǲǸձ˸ɼˣսʡ
ǰ¶ô֪ģЩɻˣһֳʶҵȫ֪ˣϢ©Ŀ졣
սȴǻձһǾͽӵ֪ͨձн紺մĸ֣һֱ˶ţ¶ǱߵϢҸմǴ֪ˣɶ
ǻСձɵĺ¶ս˵һ飬սҲߣ˵Сձ֪ûʲôģԭǰֽţҪҷֵļʱҲ֪Сձڸʲôá
˵زأֻʵ֪
Ҿսﵽ׷ʲôûиǻҪɱҵ˵ʲô·
ս̾Ϣһ˵ҴߵƬʱ򣬷ȴһѣѱڿˣһʬ嶼ûУǿ߱ճɻҵĺۼȫǰһˡ
ս˵ǴһžҺͻûãЩ۷˻ҺͻдЩ˵ʬָˡ
⵽ɶЩѵΪ˲֪ǵʵݣԲŽʬߣ
ԽԽЩ˷ˣԴһȦ
ս˵һҪҽԺңҸܾˣ˵ֻһҲأһҪѾˡ
Уٴζս壬һҪҵļˣǧҪκεʧ
սҾܷģ˵Ұصſڣ˿ţκġ
ȻҾ͹ҵ˵绰ս˵˵һ飬˵ɱЩ˵ʬ屻ߵʱҲǴ⣬Щ˵ĵҲǹģǰŸߣǾ͸ҹʬ壬˵ɶ·ʵ˷ѽ⡣


431 ķ
һЩûɱңһʧ˲֣ҾӦòưոݣһ鷳ġ
Ǿ˵ǻٴμĻᣬܻŪһˮʯ
ҶûҸү˵ҵġ
Һͻһһʼǰ˵һҲԼȥˣΪ˿ңһ϶ûô˯Ҳͦ׵ġ
ֹһҵĵ绰ٴһһڴѾõѦСߴġ
ȲĽͨ˵绰ʵС߸磬üĿûУ
ѦС߻صʱҼүӣ˵¶ʲô⣬ֻҪͨȻ̲ĲҩľҪòĲҩ϶ҪǮҩﻹûôҩΨһ⡣
ⶼС¶ǮǸ㶨ҩǾܷľˡһص
¶ǳСӾһЩǮ϶
ѦСӦһʵˣ˵ҪЩСձû
ˣҲСձһ٣ڻסԺأͷˡЩԹ˵
ҿʲôķ񰡣˶ʲôʱԹڻʱ㶼ûôˣͲôѦС߻Щŵ˵
Ҳ㳶סԺˣֱ۹ۣһһһֱ۶˸նˣɣ̫ˡҹ˵Ĳġ
ѦСһҲ˵ЦʱסˣСţҽԺţҺҰ͸ϹȥСʱ
һػѦСǱ߾͹ҵ˵绰żæŵĽѦүһء
һͨæһ糿˺ü绰һֱһţĩʵ˵СŰʶҽɶ·ô
Ѧҩ˵ûҵ˽ѦСߣǡЩԺ˵
һѦҩ̣۾ٴεԲˣһ˵ӷ𡭡СŰǷˣСӵ·ӲһҰѦҵ˶н飬⽭֮ϣ˭֪ѦҩҽңƽʱǶѣֱӾͽ˽˹
ҺǺһЦ˵ɶҺѦүǱҾϵ
е˵ͷһĴָ
ҺͻоǵȴѦСߵĵ
һ֮ҽֽӵ͸ǿĵ绰ǸҴ绰Ҫʲô֪һа֮󣬱Сӻ˵ԴǱ֮һֱڴ绰ͨϵЩ۸ӣĹϵͻȻͲʹˣһ˸ҪദشΪһǳӵŹ⼮Աİеʷϸûз˺һǣȴҲ֪Ϊɶ糿ʱͻȻӵһ绰˵ҺͻбͷˣǲΪҼүӵԵʡ
¶ֻǺǺһЦûж˵һҼҶʦûҹܻᡣ
ʦֻãһˣ˵ҸϽСڴ߰ɣС̫ܳˣһֱûͣ죬ҹܻɳ˰
ܳǶʦֵسܳǲˡ
г˼䣬չ˺öʦ֣˵绰
ֵȺһʱ䣬ѦСߴүӷ糾͵ľ͸ˣһƿͿҺͻиմսһģѦС߾סˡ
Ҳѹ֣ҺѦСߴڤ֮شһأ˶սüΣǱһξȻ첲ˡ
ˣѦС߶ʱЩŭˣ˼СձҩӣϿʼҼơ
ҿĸѦүӴһк֮үӸĻһơ
Ȼ֪˲ͬ죬ǿǺպѦҽʱһͿĸѦүӴкסл
ҵֻǹۣҲأϾͱҽˣһѦСָһЩҩ˵ʲôӹǲݣסڽλүүֵģҩ֮󣬱֤һ֮Ȭ
ټгǿ޸òһڣͷͳˡ
ǻеЩ鷳ҿѦүǷҩģæ˽һСʱͣЪ
Ѧүȴ˵е첲϶ܱסˣһ֮ڱɻָΨһǣָ֮϶û֮ǰǰһ֮Ӧþûɶˡ
Һͻе֮ѦСҹܻǼŮʲôطүھҪȥҽΡ


432 վһ
Ҿ͸һ绰Щձ˴ߵŮȫټҹܻ棬˵ܿͻȥҽΡ
£ΪģæӦ˵ҵһжᰲ׵
Ҳ֪үүͨʲôϵҺͻзеģȻɳ룬ԭҽԺǰûӰ
Ժûð죬Ǿʹҡڵ߳ҽԺ
ʵҲأֻǱնһֱ۶ѣѦСߺڣеĸ첲϶Ǳסˡ
⣬ǰߵʱ򣬸һп滹룬˵ǸеĲ
ǮҲǰ׸ģϾСձն˻еһ첲»мСձݣԲóЩǮ
ʮҾǲðײãΪǮòЧһģǻвǮҪȥСձ˵ĻҲ򲻹˶һܹҵԣҾ滨Ǯת˻С
⻨һֱʵһȾ޿̵ģֱȻˣȫԭָտɴǴ׬һʡ
һ˱뿪ҽԺֱ󸻺ҹܻᣬǱ͸ǿѾȺʱҲʦڣʦһң˷ܵĻζһķ⳯ҿ񱼶һ¾ҵĻͷһ򣬸оһ
һ棬һѣ˴˽֮󣬱ѦҸ˵˶¥һ￪ʼǼŮ˻ָ
ҽεģҲеĵѦҵҽ𽭺ȻѦѦӦ飬ǿ϶ûɶˡ
ԣѦҸ¥ϸǼŮҽεʱҺͻԼ˾һ¥Ȳ죬ǿҺͻжûгԷȥͻһ߳һġ
ȸǿ֮̾ϢһҺͻ˵λǶԲסˣҪǽǹæҲ˳ӣҵĲԣСүͻʦˡ
Ұ˰֣˵¶ûϵСձйĴϺΪܳʲôĿģҶò飬Һͻˣֻ˵ǻǿ󣬴򲻹Сձ
ЩⲻȥǸ֪һ飬Ǿǽõ֪ͨ󸻺ҹܻͣҵ٣ʲôʱҵֻܵȺ֪ͨˡ
ϣΪֺСձʲô鶼ĳͣҵ٣϶ңңˡ
ɵӪһֱô֧֣ȻЩЩˣԲ㻵һϣܹ;Ӧ׬˲ǮתӪӦҲûɶ⡣
Ҳ˵һЩ뷨ȷʵı·췢Ǽ֮󣬾͸ȷ뷨˵ҪһҺܴķׯҵС
뷨Ҿ˫޳ɣԺҴŶʦ־ͿȥԲˡ
֮󣬸ǿŲٳԺȵĶˣһһ߳һߵȴѦҸӸЩŮβ
һֱȵʱ֣ѦҸӲŴӶ¥İ˳ŶЩƣ
ǼŮ˵ɫԺࡣ
Ѧ忪һҩӸȥҩ̰ҩϵĶҩЩŮ˺ˣһ£ľܹԺܹȫˡ
ȻǶѦǧлó˺һвǮѦйأ˿˲ܶһǮֻۣͯȡԼӦõһֻ֣
ֲִ⸸ֻգ˵ҪڳѦҸӳԷѦȴˣ˵ҪغҶȣﻹвҪ
ߵʱѦ彫ҽеһԣһɫ˵ҪҰ
Ҳ֪Ѧ⣬Ҳһ£ɫʮأ֮Ž˻һȻ˵СţСȥڤ֮صҶС˵ˣ˵СԩԹԹʮӴ󣬶ӡ˵֮УղϷȻоǿаϷƵǣ㵤֮кֹһһɸԹڵ֮֮һΪΣ
ҽֻһо쳣Ҳ֪θ˵ֻýǧ껱򵥸Ѧ˵һ飬Ѧüͷ
Ѧ̾Ϣһ˵СţڵΪ޷ǿڣվһ취ɡ


433 ŵү
鲻ֹһ˸˵ʵмƽϣҸеǶʱ䣬һԥѦİţڵԹתƳȴһˣĴУһǾУҲ˵ԬͳʦˣðĪĵ˱ͷ۲ѣȺҴӸ߸ڴȥĺˣձմһ䣬޷ֱһһĸ֣ûӡڵеԹ֧ң´ǵʱ治֪ԼһΡ
ҳ˼Ѧ̾ϢһֵСţϵû˵ˣѦ˵Ầ㣬ɰڣǸ飬һħ壬ʱп߻ħ飬Ѿʹλ̫ү˵ǽڵԹͷųĻлᣬЩһ߻ħٲ֮أʱ򣬼λ̫үҪ㣬Ҳǻ췦ˡ
ѦȰұʾ˸лҲû˵ȥλүӣֻһʱЩææͷϵ飬ȥѦҰݻλүӣѦұλүӵл⡣
Ѧε̾ϢһҺΪ֮㱳˫뿪ҹܻᣬʱѦСִ˵СţҵĻɱ𲻵¶ڵԹŪҪ
ҵͷʾȻܿת˻⣬˵ˣǻľоҪüĿûУȷˣҺһˣûһ顣
ˣѾȡϵǷ򸾲ڼңȥˣҪʮܻʱ֪ͨһȥʱӦҲָʶˣǴСѾͷһȥѦСߺٺЦ
ǺãҵϢֵ
ˣﻹкЩҪأͳӴҪȻϵɽڼЪŰɣٵˡ˵ţѦС߾ͱҩ߳ҹܻᡣ
ĿȥʱһֱĬĻҲߵҵߣ˵СţҲҪ뿪ˣ´ټɡ
˵Ҫߣҵһ㶣˵˲ʿһ첲ܣҼЪһʱ䣬߰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵СɮҪ쳾أǲܹ̫ˣߣСɮҲʲô鶼ûУڱ𴦻һЩǣңæˣٹˡ
ȻִҪߣҲûǿѣ»õɮ֮󣬾ͻλƵ뿪˴󸻺ҹܻᡣ
ЩһߣͻȻһֿĸоҲ뿪ڣŶʦֻص˼
Ϊ˲øĸģҽڲϵıͳͰ
ѦС߸ҷҩ֮Ϲ֮һֱЩˣǲ
ʱû¶ҾҰ迪Сǿӣ˳Ŷʦָһ𣬰ڶʦСҲͦϲģҪСһԣҲĺܣʱҲֺҵĸĸҪԵģǺ̬ģҲʵϲ
ʦַȽϴÿ춼Ǵ͵͵ȥӲͣܳԵıҪȻС̵ĶһԾܱԵĸɸɾ
ԴһֱϹ䣬ڸĸߣҲ˵ʲôԵʣԼһֱææȥҲ֪æЩʲô
˵޵֮ͨ븸ĸ֮Եǳȱʧһ飬үүһ㣬һ굽ͷôؼңźü궼һΣүүеգʱ򻹻ۼˣһҾԵĸоˡ
ںѾ۵ҵĸĸ֮£ǰᵽϳס
ڼʱ䣬ʵҲΪ˰︸ĸӣһֱϸĹ۲Χһһû˻ҵĸĸ
Ⱥڸ߸ڴĺˣһֱҵͷ󻼣һ뵽ǣϰµġ
ڼ⼸ûзʲô쳣
Сǿصſڵģһ˻治ط֡
ڼصҲ죬֮̾ĶսˣѾҵĸĸʮ磬ڣ͸ҷ˲١
ֵһ˵ǣصſһŵүӣò͸һũϺƵģһ˺̹ӣſڰરવĳţү֮ǰүүʶģүүүʮֿǸʶӦǸֲǣǵҺüߵߣݸ̳ʱȥĞųȴһӦȫȫһͨ˵ӡ


434 Ѿ
⿴ŵүӲô˵ݸҲ飬ֻ̹ӣһܾɵʽɽװϴĶѾˣж꣬ȻҴϸоκΞųȴܸһָĪ֮С
һָ֣ǲᱻ˿ģеһľ磬ɽеĞųž͸һͨһ޶ﵽһַ豹ľ磬νΣ˵
ʵҪļһ˵ǲǸ֣һ취ǾǿԷ۾һΪ֮۾ʮ峺ΪԽߵˣ۾Խ͸͸Ӥһ㣬˵۾Ĵ⻰һҲ١
ȥͷ۾ʱ򣬾͸о۾رҲʮ䣬Ҳһֱһֱڿ
үʱҲϼ䣬ǻһ㶼ȽǳĵľүүͽС⣬ıֵȷǱүүһЩ
ҲսǵһЩүӵϢҲ̫ս˵ûصʱүӾ￴ţĴִ棬ǶʦܾǰҲصɣˣ뿪ص飬޶Ůֻøһ￴ŵְȽУҲʺλүӣԼүӾصĴſֳסҲô˽
ȻսүǲǸߣսԴҲʾһ֪ΪûмүӶ֣ߣصҲⶼǻ˴ܵߣҲвټԱڷˮԼ֯
ҲʲʲôüĿˣҲûٶʡ
һֱڼվǸɢŽʬζŮ˵飬үү˵֮ȥƬǸŮˣڼ˺Ѿӣϵ˶õĲˡ
үӴ绰ʲôʱͻȻĽӵһ˵ĵ绰绰үүߵΰƽģΰƽ˵үү֮شһǳֵİӵʱ򣬸˽֣һˣȥǸŮ˵ȻһԼҪӲܶ
ΰƽĻҶʱһæүү˵زأʲôܹҼүӣ
ΰƽֻǸңүү˵ĵǺأֻЩߣҪһʱ仺ʲôүүΰƽȴûиңֻ˵ǻܣ޹Ա͸©
һǵүӵİΣΰƽҪҪѦ˵Ĺȥһΰƽȴ˵ûôأҲҪġ
ΰƽָһҪ飬Ǿ֮ǰֵǸŮˣȷʵһаڵصصԱѾƬӸΧ͵үүⷽ˹ȥ
˵֮ΰƽ͹ҵ˵绰
ֻĬãƵǣүүΪҲǸĸˣ˾Ȼ˵˼ңһΰƽȴ˭иӵ
˼Ҹүүֲһ绰ȥһ˺üû˽ӡ
һֺܲõԤУһҪȥүүĳ嶯ֲ֪ڵʲôط
ģڼֵ˺ü죬һֱϵʱڽӵΰƽĵ绰˵ǵѾˣϾܵƬȻΰƽرңǧҪȥ֣Ϊ쳣գŪûܶˣүүرҵģȥ֮󣬻Ҵ绰ġ
Ҿһүү᲻ȥƬӣΰƽ˵϶ᵽֳģ﷢ңȻҳԲ˶ߡ
˵绰֮о룬üһ˵ȥѵͲȥˣǳϵģһ߾ߣߣΰƽ˵үүˣôţҲȥǣ
ΪҪǣǸֵŮ˵ʲôаһֱܺ棬ȥȻȥ˴ĸ֣һΧ۾ͿˣүүΪɶƫƫȥأ
¶룬ҿ϶Ҫȥ
˰죬Ҳû˯ţһҾϴˢһ£˶ʦ֣СֱɱƬӡ
ǸһߵСſڣͿϤӰһս壬һ˾Ͷסҵȥ·Ҫȥġ
һģǳҼСſڣҾ֪˵ΰƽҵģȥǸطҲ˹ˣүӼȻȥֱӲҲ͵ˣٸңȥҲȥˡ
ǣֱ˸ѣ˵Ҫȥ緹ȴЦ˵ˣûأһȥ


435 ҩ
˹ŹֵʱҵľڼˣҲûһԼһȥ緹ôſǣǶء
ҺǺһЦ˵λɲУһ¶أǸԼǳԺõġ
˵ţһҪߣսͻȻһסҵĸ첲ЦˣСţǶ֪ˣ鶼֪ͨˣ쿴㣬㵽߶ֳ´СӹԹҲȲѡ
ȥѻ˵ô͸ˣ߲ˣүӿǹݵģרص˿ң˵սҵʶ˺ǵӣҸܸǶֲ֣ΰƽôţж֮ǰҴһ绰žȷұˣӲϳǡ
ҲǺģս˵ҹ˵ѽ磬㶼֪ˣ
ǰ¶͸ˣⶢСӣ˵ִһͦΣյȥ˵㣬Բǿ㣬˵Сӣֲصˣ¶ͲҪϹˣԴڿϵ飬ΣյĶûʸμӡ
΢΢һЦסսļ˵簥޴ûиһ飬үү֮غ˶ˣһˣҾȥүүûҪж˼ҲǾһТģȥҲ̫˰ɣ
սһ˵ǿɲܣǽӵǿ㣬֮㲻ܳϳǣ֮㰮ȥȥģǿɹܲˡ
ãȻǲȥҾͲȥˣ֮ȥүүҲһģڸأҪһȥԵҺٺЦ
˵ս廹ЩɣЩŵĿҵСţСӲˣʲôаɣô͹ԹԵˣⲻķ񰡣
ҲҪ˭ĺѺøǣȹҵҸ˭ˣҲܸˣУ˵ǲǣɷнµ˵
սø첲һңЦ⻰ҰҪԹԵãǿɲЩҪִģСҪˣУǿɵý
ܰǳԷȥɡ˵ţҴսҼС̵ķȥ
ҼС̵ĲԶһС̯λҴǾ˹ȥ̯һЩʲôġ
ϰһ򸾣Ҿչǵ⡣
ԶģϷ򸾾͸ҴкǸսҲʶҸү˵үŪ붹ʮǮİӣҴ߻ȥԡ
ϣԵȰ˵ţүӾæ
һҶҪʮǮİӣԼǮģʣµĶǸʦֳԵģʼʱ͵ϴүܺ棬Ϊʮ˳ԷأĶˣүҲϰΪˡ
һԵȴСţԲˣΪɶҪȥ
ʵźˣſڱŻȥԸɾ·ϳˮģҪԽȥߣһȻȥأܶϰ˶ҪȥСһ߿һ߳Զá
ɺǡҲɣұĴүǱ߽ӹͲҸǮͳС̵ķȥ
ڸղţҲ׼Ǯһֻﻹ׼һЩҩЩҩҸѦСҪģԱʱ֮裬ʱó
ҽӹǶͰӣ͵͵Ľҩ½ǵĶ档
µĴ˳С̵ķȥ
ҩɫζѦСõģʮָһȽȥ׼ܹ˯СʱСʱ֮뿪ϳǣҲˡ
ﰵԼƽϣмֵ⣬ܿ죬ҾʹС̣Կ׿ţк˽ȥ
С沢ֱʣ˹̨ǰ׼ԡ
ȣȸʦһŵķ룬һԸʮӣʦҡСβ;ʹ
ڶʦ֣ҲǵһμˣСһܳԣҲ档
æкһ𿪳ԣԼ˱ս𶹽Ҫȵʱ򣬺ͻȻʲôҺٺһЦ˵СšҼǵһѦѽѦСߣǿҽңǹϵõĺܣ㲻ʲôҩⶹ˰ɣ
˵ţսͻȻóһ룬ͷŽڵĶ


436 㲻߰
ȥôô
ΪԼ޷죬ôôͱս˳
սСӲصˣԸߵĺܣóһԶ˶Ľһ£óʱ򣬷Ѿ˵ɫ˵ⶹҩġ
սҽһЦ˵СţҾ֪СӴӦôˬ϶ڱʲôУΪ缸أ
ǣСŸ磬Щֶǿ֪֪׵ģ㵤ʬŻٵʱ򣬻鳤ȥҵѦҩءҲ˵
ֽͽ˿ڴЦҡҡͷ˵ˣϵǱǸˣҷˣ׷ˡ
˾ͺãСӾԹԵĴţĶҪȥ
սѻ˵꣬ͻȻ˿ڴһҩ۾ͳս˹ȥҲЩҪûüֱһš
һõĿɲҩѦС߸ҵлɢһ룬ֻҪߣе⣬һʹؼлɢһֹܣ֮һûУΨһܵľֻӣûСʱá
һԴлɢսһãȻתͷҡ
սСţŪɶǣ
ԲסλһұҪȥҩҲѦС߸ҵģʵʵĴţСʱ֮ȥȥģҲ͹ܲˣⷹԡ
кһѾʮӶ¶ӵĶʦ־ͳȥ
ʦҵк֮ҡͷԵľͳ˹
ս͵վӣ˵Сš𡭡㲻߰ϽǵĶˡ
δ˵꣬ովսһΣ͵˵ϣľǸһ
εҡҡͷ˵磬ҪԹԵţһ֮ǺȾֵҾһˡ
ҽս屧·˰ϣſڹ̨ҲֻһεĿңû취ֻ¶⿪ʼȴûп͸֣ɲֹһҩֵĻлɢ
սĺȫȻûŶʦִҡڵľ߳ӣſڻǸҺúÿӣܿҰǵİˡ
ǵҴŶʦֳ֮󣬺ܿͿһˣ˾վС̲Զĵطһ̴ӣરવĳţһ˫۾ڿңһζЦݡ
һүӣ￩һ£үӲҲסҵȥ·ɣ
վǼүʮ׵ĵط΢΢һЦһкүֻ΢΢ͷûΪҵ˼
ҴŶʦ־ͳһɵﳤȥ
ûүЩͳСĵ
Ǽү˵ô
һͷȥʱ򣬷ǼүѾſϼ̣ڻɵ糿үӱһ̰ţ͸һصĸо
ԽԽүӺܲ򵥣ǵҿʱȴûٿһֻۣԹԵĳź̡
Ǵһ⳵ֱվȻڻվһڳ⣬Ÿ˵Ǹص㣬˾ʦȥΪôԶĳ;⳵϶ȥֻҺڳ˾Զǿ϶ӡ
Ϊ˾ʦ⣬ǮҲûۣ˾Ҳǹڵģһſھ͸Ҫǧ飬ҲӦϳ֮󣬾æߴ˾ʦϽһǰԤһǧǮ
˾ˬҲûֱӷ˳ӣͳųķȥ
һϳ;Щģܵսǻ׷ֻлɢסǣǲûлʹȥһص˷ǣȻнΧ׷½أҳϳǡ
صǸصĲţͬʱҲһȨǳĲ֣κελȴ֧κελǣһǷһ治һܳϳǣԣһ·϶ڴߴ˾Ͻ뿪
żʱ˾ɻ󣬲֪ĻΪǰʲô¶Ҫż뿪ء
ӿȷǺ
ϳһǱȽϤģָ˾ʦСߣСĲʻ괬
͵ǿҪ뿪ϳǵʱͻȻͳ˼Ȼͣ˰ϿʼѯĳҲһüһսǵĶȷǹģô˷ǲҳϳˡ


437 ȫѲ
ҿҳһЩЩֻͣҵоһ˴ƬƵģȻҾҪ׽Ǹˡ
ǰ濪˾һƺоʲô鶼ЩĲȻˣһֱӺӾ۲ҵһһû¶Ƶںϣ˾΢΢Цš
˾һûУϵı鿴ܲȻҲ˵ֻʵʵĿۿҪǵʱҿǰоͣ·ļĳҳ濴һۣ︺ľȻһˣǰʱ仹ǰû뵽Ҳ뵽
Ҳ͵͵ܳϳôüһȻֳộȫѲĽࡣ
ѵǶû¶ô
ǰ˴˴æк˾ϿͣȻյߣ׺ݵ˵ǣڳĴ·ϵ㣬ɱˣУ֪ĳƺš
˾ŵͷһҲ˵Ҵ˳ţһȥ
Ҷڵ·Ե̵һͷϣʦװ˰һ󡾵ʹҡڵ˵ϣ֮Уųȥ
ҸճãͿǰ鵽ҸղҲûô˵ڳ￴һۣ˾ֱӹȥˡ
Ҳܿ˳ǣĵϵ˾˹ֱ˳ž˳
֮ǰ˵õǸطģǮһֲġҵ˵
˾һ߿һ߲˵硭ǸذҿУһСȫָҿ׬ǮأǧɱҰ
Сҵһ׼ﷸˣ΢΢һЦ˵ǣˣҲǻˣİɣֻܿͺá
˾罫ŽɵĿһۣٴεͷֶ˾粻Ҫ߸٣һЩƫƧСߣǾϳΧܣһЩС·ҲȽϤһ·֮ϰҶ㿪һЩ飬ǴӴ·ߣƾͱ׽ˡ
Ϸȥûô˯ţһֱүǱߵ飬Ҳ֪˵ΣӳϳǣЩƣ˾ұŶʦں۾һ
£оʱĳ̣ٴ۾ʱ򣬷Ѿʱ֣˾绹ڿŵǸӣвЩΣ˾罫ͣڸϣ³¹ӳԵ
Ҳʦֿ϶ҲǶˣҪСԻĶӲС
ǾһСǰͣ˳ӣȥҪһӲˣ˾ͳʦһԣרŸ׼һ룬ҲԵĲֺ
˾翴ͦദģǴŵǸɶģΪʲôôྯԱڵץңԴҲͲֻģҾԲʲô鷸Ƶ˾ˡ
԰˷Ǽ··˾һͣߵĶСʡٶȾ˺ܶ࣬ǵƬӸʱɫѾ
ϴҺѦСǸվ߰·̾˳ҪǵүүǱߵˣۿҶˣﱻүүǱߵ˸׽ˣǲǹһҴǰ³ȻߵƬȥ
һΣ˾罫͵Ҳһ·ϵµģָһЩǮһǧлȻų뿪
ʱɫͺҴŶʦվ˻ɽҰ֮УƾӡҴŶʦ־ͳƬ˹ȥ
Щȣһ綼ûУͷһ£ڵĲ֮ϣдƬƬĺͷϹԤʾʲôһֺܲõԤС
ҺͶʦּһ·СţƬӵķȥȵҵ·һĹͱˮ͸ˡ
֪ʱ׼ƿˮˣǰ˲СʱʱÿڸʦҲȵĲУͷϳ
˲ԶվһɽϣͻȻһƬɽ괦˼ʮ˼ңжʱһϲһϼˮٽŸ·ӦƬӲԶˡ
ҾʹŶʦֳƬСׯ˹ȥߵ˰ͻȻһ飬ǾҼǵϴҺѦСԺľ߽ǧϻúõȦ棬ҲʲôĻɣ
Ӧûôùҿʦܵͦʵģûиʾ˵ӻǱȽϰȫġ
Ҳٶ룬ֱһܴԺ˽ȥԺӵĴǳģҴŶʦ߽ȥһԺﳤ˻Ĳݣɻﲻû˰ɣ


438 Ĵ
ǰЩ컹ϱйÿ춼ʧܶȻ壬ʱķչĽö˶񹤣Զ磬ö˶ڳﰲ˼ңԺܶСɽ嶼ķСɽһƬɽҰ֮УûҲֻҪǧ껱壬һж˵
ԺתһȦܿԺ﷢һѹˮⶫũձ飬ҼҶУҪˮΪӣܴӵ½ˮұŶʦֳȥǼˮûˮҪȡһɾˮȡ
ǳŵģҲһƾͿˣһ򿪣һùζӭǺ˼öûסˡ
һƬվſںһӦ˹ߣˮףˮ׵ûҵͻȻ䲻֪ܳļֱֻӴҽϾͱ˹ȥһĶʦֵۼֿ죬һξסǼֻ
ܶʦǻĺֵԵʣЩһʦ֣ʱŵĶһţһҲҶˡ
ʦһͻȻ£ͣצӲŪ⼸ֻ󣬺ü춼ҪҧȥҪǵӡ
˼ҹúӶҲͰˣ˵㳤ĸһСҰƵģҲ֡
Һǳ˶ʦּҪ󣬶ʦֻ˻ηʷʵӣ̧ͷһۣǼֻʧȥȤ
Ҵˮ׵ĸӣһˮˮҪҸˮʢʱͻȻԺ洫һŲŵæˮףſڵķ˹ȥ
벻ﻹסɣ
㣬˸סˣЩ˵
վſڳ濴ȥʱӴſ߽˼⼸һһС˵ʲô
¹⣬ҳǼ˿ȥǼ·ļлߵӡ
вתǧأЩһͲũҲǸһ·ˡ
ǰһ󺺣һ׾ţһӣݣҹɫ̫ڣһĲ̫
׳߰˸ˣŶֵͨĸ׳󣬻һֱԹʵ̫ȣ治ʱ
һЩˣоڼƽϣЩһߣүү˵ЩԸǸɢŽʬζŮ˵ĸְɣ
ǵĻòҪ¶źãǱǴסҵĵϸƾͻὫҽסٲ顣
ĻҾǰˡ
һ±˶ʦ֣һƣʾҪ
ЩԽԽĴʲôܹĵطûС
Ȼļǵʱ򣬷Щ˲ûнݣֱӴԺһô档
ȣи˽·һʯͷϣǸ׳
ЩѩĴƬΧ׳һȦΧӲҲһΧ׳
û뵽ǣҿһϾȻһֻɽ򣬺ǻģ׳ɽ֮֮䣬ɽʱŽһ̯Ѫһ飬˲ͱˡ
óˮѹˮ棬ͽˮ˳˵ĺ֮£ʱֻղŻʻɽƤ֦ȼ˻ѣֻɽڻϾ˿
һȺ˾ڻѵĲԶĿֻɽ
ǻ˾ƣ׷׶
Щ˵ΪֹٴɻЩ˲صˣصһ㶼ɽװǲɽװҲͳһİ׳£װӣһһ۵ġ
Щ˵װ廨ţʲôĶУЩ˴ֿôǽˡ
ĹֻɽͿ磬˲ϵɽĨΰͺ͵ζƷջ治ǸǵģһŵɽζҲЩˣ޲ܲקһֻԡ
Ҷˣ˵ǳԻʦˣʼһһԾԾԵģҪǲһЩܳȥˡ
һ¶ʦֵԴʾҪҶ˶䣬Щ˾˵Щʲô
һͦݵȸλϵ˵ųϣ˵γ͢Ҳдһ֣жмְܹɹ
ĺӺһھƣ˵һжҲõϢ͢ҲûǵߣϷ֪͢ﲻɳ˴֣˲ԮǸƥҲ֣ȷʵð죬ҲûзҲ˲ٸ֡


439 ĸ
ƥҲˣǲӳԾ˵
ϼһҲ֪˷֪飬ˣ˻ĺ֣ܶǸͲõģҪԸǶȻɺܴģʱ벶ȸں󣬱Ȼջķᣬ˵λɱƥءӺٺЦ
ղҲЦ˼ܿɫ˵ƥ⼸ʮһֱԣܹĻòˣǾһͷ󻼣˵ϼһ֮ظǵֵܶˣһϸˣǰûģһɲɱ֮죡
һγ͢˲һܴľֽƬɽֲǵ˶ǵİΧȦֲһߣһ͢˶֣Ҳȫܹǧһаܹɱģνһ˫񡣡
˵ҵĶʱѾʮȷȺ˿϶صˣҲүүԮŷһصˣǸ쳣а֯ǵǰǰ̣һټʮǮүͬ󽭺֮󣬱ҸȼʱȻչ쳣׳
һֱ߶ǸƥҲǱˣΪܾ־ֳүү
ǰΪǸɢŽʬζŮ˶֮⻹һĿģҪɱ˵үү
üһײȻҷһܣУһЩˣһҪ͵͵ȥүүǣص˴ʮգŪþͻ˲صģүүҲھ޴Σ֮С
ԽԽľȻͼӿ
ڵҶҴϢÿһӶڼ尾ϣЩ˾뿪ҪȻҲһܹ
ղӳƺǸӵĺΪϣݵλһصʮ֮ߣλһߣΪȻҲǳ֮Ĳе֣͸һֻǰס
˼ȥԽԽòȣܿתķȥûܹӳȥĴ
ⷿãѾӦĹߣ˵һתͷľͿһȴǴϽ˲֩ЩòҴⴰܹ굽ⷿӵĺԺȻǽߣԶ
֮ٴοһۻеĶʦ֣Ҳһ˫Ĵ۾ңҸһƣʾǧҪκ졣
ֳ濴һֻۣɽѾˣǻڷʳҿӸһֻȣ͵ǽųϵУſڱųϣɽ֮Ϊһаǵһֱ˽⣬а﾿ǸɶΪֵúڰʦڣ
ԭҶҪˣʵ⣬ͻȻȤΪҲ֪ɢŽʬζŮ˵Ǹʲô
ųһҧһ⣬׽£ֱʽ˶ֺһھƣŵǶǴͷһ˵֪ˡ
ɶЩʵ
˵ûУųͻȻʵ
ųһ֣һ⺵ɿǡʫмصֹʫأϷй֣ߣ̹Ŀڶϣ磬Իɣ֮󺵣ǧ仹˵ڵʱ򣬺֣γ֮ˮʦʦɳȥսҹħڸΪ䰲֮⣬ʷϻвٹںɵļأÿκ֣Ȼһķ粨ǧΪа
ȥ˵ͷͷǵݵ䣬û뵽а֮лôвŻˣһ֮ҲǸʦү
ųӵһֵͨЩͷ˵˵һͨµģԴˣҵаǺɣֻǻδ͵ĺɣ˽ĺֻǴ˵Ϊ׼ʵأ˵һˣΪ⺵һ¶һԲű˳֮Ϊɣȷе˵Ӧ÷ֿУһĸһɣΪ˺ĸģΪɣǿǸһ֣Կƣɸһصעǿһܶɱ뵽֣ܲɱģرҪ
˵ļǣһɵ֣ɱ˭һ仰飿ӺٺЦ


440 һ
ҲֲһʼڼվǸŮ˵ʱ򣬻ϸоһʮֿµϢԭǸɢŽʬζŮ˾ȻǴ˵ǧһĺɣȷе˵ǺĸΪ߻һСģɣһڼվаʱߺûǸСɣôһ¶أ
ɿ治飬үүҲԵɵģ˿ΰƽսҲСֵĹΧɣֱ͸ûɶ
Уҵˣ˴˾ұ뽫ıүүص÷
ų˵˺ɵ飬ҸһӶתߣƴȥ
룬һûüתԺʹһͳѣ͵ôʱˣΪβһ͵͵ģϾΪ
һ̣Ҷ޷Լ飬ӡˡһʱת©˺üģΪһҶ޷죬֪ģԭͱ˸ˡ
治Ϊĸ֣һԺʱͷңֻǲȷʲôˣ԰ˡ
סҵ˱Ǳ˳ƺΪųϵӡ
һ֪ôˡ
תͷƴӳȥֱӴǵ߳ȥʾԼ䲻
Ժ˼Ȼһصĸ֣ܹӵ𣿹ǲܵġ
һô߳ȥǻ뻢ˣүүһصЩ˿ǵжԵĹϵһУ̵
ӦĺܲҰɡ
žҵ֪Ǻá
ʱԺٴδǸӵӵͳ˼֣˵ѣǲϷֻˡ
һҧһᣬʱҲ֪ôģֱӽʦķ˵ϣʱ
ȸ֣ƼǳĻ޶ǵĶ֣ҺαҪŶʦһȥأ
ԣμԼҲ˶ʦ֡
ŶʦһƲϯ棬һ˫Ĵ۾ңЩ鴤ۣתͳȥһŲǶʦ־ִӲݴ˳ƺҲһȥһͷ˶ʦһۣʦֵͱίܿƲϯ֮С
ʦԣʱദʱ򶼲˵ֻһ񣬶ʦֱܹҪĺ塣
ҲǷֶʦ֣Լ¶ͺˣöʦһ͵
ʦֲغ֮ҽϵķҲƷӵһЩүģҲ׵Ща˵С
һֱӳԺ˳ȥ
һԺ֮Щ˵Ŀȫ߿˹һͬһ㣬Ϲһ顣
ΨǳӵĺԹԵĳȣʱʱĻһھƣȫҵһ¶ӡ
վŵſڴ׵ĵط㲻ˣЩ˻ʮԶ
ǳӵĺӷȣͺһĨתЦеĿң´һ֮󣬲˵ѡƼˮԵ֣ȻܹɽҰ棬²ĻȵƳԵΣ
Ȼ˵ݶˣҲǻȥˣ˾һҲҪйһЩ
˲ӣ󲽳Ǳ˹ȥԴҳ֮߰˸ӵĿһֱû뿪ҵӡߵЩߵʱ򣬻ÿһ·ߵӵǰ
һ֣ǰļ˿˼߶ˣղҲǹ͵λ˵ģλ
̧ͷһۣ˰֣˵˵ﻰģǺߣҪи󵽲ǣġ
ųϵԾһа̴УȻһС˿ӵĻ֣֪̿˺«ʲôҩѲһ۾Ϳҵݣ
ⲻܰɣ
һһľٴκһ֣˵Ͼ⣡
˰Ѷ̵߾վһ̣ҵٴΪŵҪɱңȻǸеĵֱӴͷӹֱߵֻ֨֨ð͵ɽԱߣһֻȣͳ˹
ʱͻȻǺнӹȣֵݵҵǰ˵԰ɣ


441 ֮ض
еȣԥŲ֪ǲǸýӹȻ󣬾һԥĿյһѳҵĸ첲ֱӽҵ
ץסҵĸ첲ʱƺоһ˿һ΢ĵͨƴ˹ת˲ţҾ߶Ƚţһֱڷ״̬֮£ǲоġ
Ӧ̽ңͨ֫ӴͨϞųĸԴжһҵΪ̶ȣʵִңҲܹоģֻоĸ׼ȷһЩɴ˿ɼȻĴֿ񣬵˼ϸܣµˮ©ҪȻҲһС
Ȼ㶯ѵˮһ㣬ҲǾ˳Ҳ˳˼Ƚ˹û¶һ㣬ǺЦллλˣҲöˣһֱ·Ҳû˵ϳԶǰҸˡ
˵ţұģĿֻȣȻҲõжҪɱңҲһ仰顣
ڳȵʱЦװĳųϴ˼ۣһĺӣļΪֿ񣬵üĿʮֿ࣬һ׾ϣղվߵʱԸоԼһء
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ħٺһЦЩͳ˵ô˵Ǿǲŵඣ
һ˵ұ鲻ܿͷæ˵ҲҡǰҲλӣʵղλ˵һЩҲԼܹ³λݣûв´ĻλӦöǵĴصһʥһصĸ֣Ҳǣ
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ҵĿħϣҲ֮пһĨɱľһصĲӡ
㣬Ҹħ֮ħЦЦһ٣ű˵ˣǲ֪̫ˣ
һʼȷҽǸղ˵ĻˣȴԼˣǲô
֮ضҲƴһѣüƲ߾˵˳λܹλúԬĳңʥ̣ԬĳĽѾãڲ֪ҵǣʵˡ
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Ӳ˼ᣬ̾Ϣһ˵ʦʬţ֪ǰ˵
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ħ˵ڰеĶʱһֱԼСڶģͶħûмʬţûмԬʧˣԼСǳɹұӹһ١
ҵͷװᣬЩʵ˵ǧȷҾʬСͽܣֽԬ
ô˵ʦʬҲ⸽ˣʵ
ҡҡͷۡһװģĿ˳˵ûСʦ˼ҶѾɱһˡ
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442 
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ԭίɫ飬ЩŽɣֳӻͦõģǸһҵļ̾Ϣһ˵ѽҲǸĺӰû˸Ժ߽ҲǶв㣬Ϸһص֮λ˵ǹõģϷˣ̣ͬԿǳ͢ӥȮ
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ħ˰֣ʵղ˵Ǹʲô·ܷϷ˵˵
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ħһʲôʵǸСõʲô
һͭǮһѳӣҸֺüˣһ϶ǲġ
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˭˵ȥ
ڣǽ˵ˣΧЩ˿ҵȻЩû˸ղֽŵӡ
ħҪЩʲôʱͻȻԺ洫һٵĽŲһӰǹһԺɱͣħߡ
ͣħ֮ͻȻҪſ˵ЩʲôͻȻİˣû˵
ħվߵߣ˸ߵ˵һЩʲôҾ˶ȥȴһֶû
ҿħüͷ΢΢˵ͷһ֣ǸӰӺܿʧҹɫ֮С
ǸӰ֮ħ㶪еĿһȣ˵Ǳжˣһﶼ׼һ£ϳ
һ£ЩڵϵȫվҿǶվԼڵҲ񻰣Ҳվ
ʱħֻͷһۣ˵СӣεжΣգͲҪȥˣ֮͸ϷߣϷǸ֮ģҲеӣԵ֮󣬿ɳɴ
ħ˼ͽܵӣҲ֪ǲ̽ңұװߵ˵УҲҪȥղҶˣҪȥɱүүȻɱʦҲҪɱүүʦ𣡡
Űɣ㲢˽ǵļƻóȻܻỵ˴£ģͷϷǡ
ħ˵仰֮תͷߣû˵Ļᡣ
Ҫߣʵǿϲģò˵̫ˣһĻᣬƭǣղֻҪתȦץס˶ߣȻ֮أҪǱǷҵˣ˵ȥҪЮүү¶ɾʹˡ
ֻҪһߣɵӲŻǻҿ϶ҪƵȥүүһصıǵȶ˵


443 ͵Ϯ¶
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ľٶжʱһħղѾȫҵĻΪҾʬŵͽԬǿڵı֣񲢲ȫҵĻר˿ңǰ֮ٽҴ
ɴ˿ɼħ˼ǰֿ񣬶˼ϸ֮
զ˵һ˽ȫļƻħҵĻΪ˼ƻһʧǲòĸϽһЩǳ©
ΪһصһϣλӸλܻĸӳԶһЩ
ڴ˵ΪֹһͦģȴҪүүǾǸҹȥǸȥԣҵĵˡ
ųˣҵ˼ת¿ǺáԭΪŵˣұö֮뿪ȻֿңҾǲϳҲɲˡ
ܹħߵˣǿ϶Ƿ֮ҪǵƤӵߣ̫ãˡ
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вϵԼȻ䣬һ뷨Ϯͷ
ֱɱǣһ˰ˣҪȻһûбķܹӳȥ
ȻӲӲҿ϶ǵĶ֣ҪֽŲУҪô͵ϮҪô¶֮⣬ûκʤ㡣
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˳߹ʱҵһ˲ð˺ܶ뷨һжĵף˿ıϡ
һ׵ʱ첽ӭȥһк˵λǰûųһȥأ
һӳҺٺһЦ˵һж󣬲ʥ೯͢Ĺӣ㲻Ǹ͢йôųЩ͢ӥȮ˴صֵ˹㣬˵Сӵʮиųϸ˵Сеʲ֮ѡԺ϶ǰ;ǺͽܣСǺи
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˵ţұ˼ֻһĿɽԱߣһԻżƿӰ׾ƣһƿ׾ƣղѾ׼õҩϢ½ǰ׾֮Уת˵ǰȾư
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˵ţұ˾ƱһӣͽһӰ׾ƹȥ
װӣһֻ׼õĽҩ͵һˮ
˵ǵһƸȵģǲỳɲǣ̧ͷЦеĳ˿ȥҲЦеĿңҾͿҲȫƱ


444 ھҩ
˾˾Ʊжʱֿ˻ֻҪһ¶ӣҩЧƺܿᷢʱǻǰϵ⣬ôʰǶɣ
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445 꼻һ
ȪҲʵʵİһƣӵ˳ȥ˵ϣһһѪ
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ұӵٶȺܿ죬ӲƴϵʱԽãսͻԽߵƾԽ
Ҹȫŭˣһ׷һƿڴС飬ȻʹֶǣҼƴһ˿ҲҪʬΣ
˵УһͷһѾһ߰׵ľ룬Ѫֹϵı쳣ңܽ˺Ƭ
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ħߵ˾׺
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ۿҾͿҪſˣǱҪӳȥƾʮѡ
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һɤӺȥһֱĶʦ־ֱ˳ڶʦֵﻹװõǬ
ʦֱֱ֮ӽǬ˵ϣ͸һź⣬ǺܿͱһĻ棬ȥˡ
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ɱһһҪǿٵĽսұҪȥ֪ͨүүС
Ȫţ΢˫ĿͷϾȻðһ˿˿İɫ治ϣڽڵĶƳ
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˵գĸͳߺХȫûϵ˼ҩҴˣȻֶΣһûע⣬һѪһ¾ײҵϣǴһµ˱һĸо˲ͱסˡ


446 
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Ȼǵڶ֣һĵУֱӱɱˡ
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ѾʼҵĻˡ
ҷӦڶѪĹҲײҵ֮Уͣ˺ҵĻǣһԴľʹҲȥ
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ʣٳұĹڸܵ˷ʬߵĴ֮һ٣ٿҵˡ
ʱһҧ⣬һɾʹٴӵȫҸоϽЩ˫֣һǬУֱӽʬߴǬ˳
ʬһ֣ʱ磬ɷڣſ죬һڽʬߺ˿УǷʬĩ˵Сҵ˸ʱо֮Уɧ忪ʼײƺҪһ㣬Ǹûüӳȥʱ㱻ڷʬǿ֮סˣʱٵʬ֮С
Ǽɵһ̣ƺ־嵽ļԺը죬֮һйƽϢҵٴλָ³
һѽʬ˳ͷȥΧߵʱĹﾹȻŵƮ˳ȥԶԶģΡ
㾰һֱڵϵȪʱɫֵ˵ķʬ߹ϡ
йϻ˵ֱӽһֻеͭǮͭǮĴ߶֮£ʱƮͷ֮ϣͭǮһ֮ҵ־ͷǣ֮£һʱֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮͳȪȫ˹ȥ
ȪղŻҪȫɱһҼͭǮʱŵɫŤˣæ𣬵ײײľͳԶһô˹ȥͼҲΡ
ϾղСӳһƣȻҴˣҩĶƳһ֣Ҳ޷ȫָǿʢ״̬޷Ӳƴֻɥ֮Ȯһ롣
Ȫӳȥͬʱҿ˼Źֵָԭʬ߱˿ʱͳȪķƮ˹ȥǰ
ǼʮöͭǮʱ͸壬ʮöͭǮȪ˹ȥȪһΣ㵽˴棬ȺƨϻǱȥ˼öͭǮʱ۵ϼһ﷢һƺߣѪ
ͭǮеҳ߶ΪеķʬΪɵĶȪѹԵĿ֮£ֻܲһеĳ߳˹ŷʬ߾ͳ˹ȥôһ裬ʬ߶ʱһһֱӽסˣ޷ʱ䣬ͻɺɫʬֱ˽ȥˣʬҲֻ΢΢˻ɫԼã⼸ﲢǶôĽɫ
ҽ֮ͻȻˡ䡱һ죬ԺͻȻյһæͷȥһôֱӱȼˣһ޴Ļѣ֮յһƬ͸ղһֻ첲մȾһ˿磬۵һҽУŴſھͱ˳ȥ
ʦֺĽ˼׷˳ȥ
Ҳܵղȼ͸֧ԼģܹҲܲԶȽȪɱ˵
һͷȥʱ򣬱ͻȻһɾ磬Ҿ֪ʶԱһһѷĳֱҵӾͻ˹ȥҸղŻͷĹ⾰ȪȴϢĵҵߣҪһҵȻȴûгɹ


447 Ͼɱ
һûɱңȪ߲ҲԺķȥҪһ㾡뿪ȻѾһȪ϶ǲߵģΪ˵̫࣬һҪħͨ籨ţ߾鷳ˡ
ȪոԽҵʱٴμ˱ͭǮЩɢĴͭǮֱƮ˰֮У˵ķһȪĺ󱳾ʹ˹ȥ
Ȫεȸ֣ʶҵıͭǮ֮󣬸ǶзڱͭǮոռʱͷ߿һۣһ˦֣еǰѳͳĿѷ˹
ͬʱҲ߶˱ͭǮǼʮöͭǮķ˹ȥ
ȪһֵȰյʮл򣬾Ҹոռ𱱶ͭǮʱ˦һ
ҪͭǮԴȡߵĻᣬҪϧĻĽ׹ǰѳڸҶ
Ȼȫ͹ĵԴСսҲˣһҲƴģһȻҲһ
ҿһĳһҧһģֻ΢΢һŲһ£־߶ͭǮɱȪҿȪ֮һĨŵľ֣ٵǰһˣԼһ״ڵϹ˼ȦЩɢźͭǮɺ鳯ϴ˹ȥ
ۼ͸Ƥ죬ͭǮվǴȪ֮У󲿷ͭǮɢ˵ϡ
ͬʱȪ˦ǰѳҲಡһҴ˹ҵֻü΢΢һǰѷĳֱӾҵӷ˹ȥҵؿڻһӣѪʱŽ˳ֻҪ΢ôһѳͻ̴ҵࡣ
ֶȥһ٣˿Ҳ˲ϵ˿ڣ̧ͷűͭǮ˵ȪȥȪֶѪɢǹһ㣬Ѱˣ˳ģѾˣȪһȴǿٴվһͷһۣײײĳſڵķȥһѪ
һڣֱӿ첽Ȫ˹ȥȪ֮ͷһۣҵһƾͳĺ˹ȥȪʶһ֣Ҫֵһ£վ˰ģһƽʵʵĺ֮ϣֱĵȪٴοѪӷһԴײԺǽ֮ϣԺǽҳһſһʯмûϢ
һ־ЩɢڵϵͭǮʱͭǮٴαУͭǮһȪ˹ȥĽӷ˹ȪԴײһ飬Ѫ죬ԽӶ˳һؿڣ߹ƺҲ˼ӣ϶ǲܻˡ
ԭ벹ģΪ󣬼ǰ̫࣬Ҳ߲ǡ
۾תͳԺȥһˣҲ»ڣҲ֪ʦûнɱˡ
һתͻȻоһųȻһΪȪֻ˹תͷʱ򣬵һźͻȻȪǴƮۿžҪ塣
ȪǵĺȻȪĻǣ֮ǰȪ˼ԸңһмңȪ˿ѾҸˣҲסԼĻǣȥظֻأĹһȪпܹȥħͨ籨ţܿϣһѽʬ˹ŴȪƮɢĺʹ˹ȥ
ʬһóź۳һΣֻǱȽ͸ԼȪӣʮڴĶ˵ʲôôоǶ񶾵䣬Ļ˵ô࣬ʬֱӾͳź˹ȥ
ԭȪĻѾƮ˰֮УͻȻ߶˷ʬߣŷʬĩ˵С˸źʱս˷ʬ֮С
ұϾɱģҵģһħͨ籨ţүүڼΣ֮Уص˱ȻҲΪһʧұҪô
ȪĻǱʬ֮ҳԺ￴һۣղűʦ³һСŵĴ˿ѾȫһŻҽֻһЩ
ʦ³Ļ磬ȼ㼫ߣ֮䣬ǿô׳Ĵͻһѻҽҿ˲ҲЩľս֪ɶʱ򣬶ʦֺԽԽǿˡ
ٴοһȪʬ壬ҿ첽ͳԺ˳ȥ


448 쳣İ
֮ǰҲҴˣŵϵѪͽӡһ·׷˹ȥ
˵ղͨĳּǱķԼڶݵʱڱһսͷ֮󣬱Ϣģһ겻ɥʦһ׷ʹ֮£Ǳճ˻ҽ߶ˡ
ΪҾֻܳʮӣҸȪⳡɱپͳʮϡ
Ҫ֮ǰҩҪɱħߵĸ֣Ǹǲܵ顣
Ѫһ·׷ž˹ȥһ·֮ϣҳ˿һЩĴɢѪ֮⣬౻սֲȻ׷;Уʦ֮Ҳйһս
ʦڲ֪ƺǿˣôһСļһ׷һֲֻӴܣǶʦǧ껱ڵĽСһ̵ĿɱҶ࣬ıҲǿĶ࣬ΪֹҲûиܵǧϻڵҴʲôôڶʦֵȴΪԡ
ΪҿʦַʱϵĻһЩǴĻ棬ɱʮֲֿǿ֮£Ҳ
ǰ˴Լ·̣ҽѾƽ˵ҺѦСƬӵıԵشߵطϵѪԽԽˣҲбսĺۼ
׷ôԶҾȻûҵʦֺӰ
˵ǾӦܵģôͿأ
ѵǶʦû׷ϼһˣ
ӦðʦȻǸСȣһ⣬ֻСӵٶҲǲġ
뵽бһˣ鷳ˣҸΪĵǣʦǧҪʲôҪиôҿ϶Щܲˡ
һģҼǰһ·̣һô淢һѻҽѻҽЩرһſڵ˵״ܵĻĲݵûʲôˣ֮⣬һһر飬ǾѻҽĲԶҷһѳ⵶ġ
⵶ɱңҼ£ô˵ſﻯҽ˱ˡ
ȻǱʦָġ
ĴתһȦȴûзֶʦֵӰСȥˣ
Դҽʦִӻ֮СһһֱճңνӰ룬˵ʦɱ֮Ӧúܿͻҵģһ·֮ϲûҵʦֵӰҶҵʬ壬ʦ֣һȻʮֵСİΣ
ΣѾҽͭǮŽǬУΪ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳һáϴмصѹסǬмԣκ˸о
ƬΣķʲô˶Уһ˵ʲôˣȻܹصãħˣҾǵ˰˱ӵѪùˡ
Ҳ֪ʦȥұҪңΨһȷǣ϶ûлȥңֻֿܣһǽǰƬӣڶʲô⣬˸סˣѾɱܽܵĽ
һҪƬӣһѰصټһѰҶʦ֡
Ϊ˲ħ˷֣ҽƬ֮󣬶εĵطߣƾż䣬һֱǧ껱ĵطȥһߵǺĸɲԶˣؾصˡ
źڣҹɫ첽ɽֵߣһ߻ѰҶʦֵټ
ԽǰߣҵԽʧ䣬˵ʦˣнж
Ƭ쳣İֻʣҵĽŲһ˿綼ûС
ǳֺĸɵĵطеһж
ԽԽԤʾʲô鼴
Ųϵ룬ҵҲЩ
ҸоԼƬľ룬һ񣬵ϵ·ȴˮȫ͸ˣǱˮϴһ㡣
ԽԽƣǽ˵Ҫ׽Ǻĸôôһ·һ˶ûһصҲһ
ţͻȻһƬ֮УطЩ죬ҺѦСĵطòǰɽ·ܹųֵĵط
һǰߵʱȻ䣬ͻȻͷϴһҶ죬Ȼ΢ҵľ
Ϊһ·֮һж̫ˣ΢Щ紵ݶӳҵĶ䣬̧ͷͷϿȥͷĴ֮Ҷˣ¶˼Ƕ˵ֱӴӴϾͻһͳ˹


449 ıѾ
һз̫ˣҸûзӦʱ䣬ֻԱһһ׹һѷĴ󵶾ͼҵĲϣ΢һǴ󵶵ĵҵĲϸһѪӣѪ˳ŵ
Ҹûп⼸ʲôˣһֻ־ץסҵӣһСƵĽҳһƬĲݴĵطȥȻͽҺݺݵ˵ϡ
ʱǰôһʱͿһ
ǰĲˣǸ뿪ԺӲõǸħ
˿̵һʯͷϣվ߸ˣȫĿҡ
һħҵıͣһģ룬ˣһֱŲҪЩˣԵǵУôôùأ
һϲ״˵ųϡҵˡ
ҲúõĴǸԺôܵطˣħޱʵ
ųϣҲԺǺˣǸûãԺȾƳ⣬֪ãͻȻɽװˣ˵͸ǴǼɽװ˺˲Ƕ֣Һòײ˳Ų·ľ͵ƬؿڻЩӸһǼһ
˵ţҾͦŸħؿȷʵһܳĵۣƵġ
ħһؿڵĵۣɫ粻ʱħߵǸСӱ˹С˵ϡĺεģѵص˸˲ɣǵжҪˡ
ħûлСӵĻҵ㣬Ȫأ
ҡҡͷ˵үүΪҸ࣬һǶ֮Ҿͱһɽװ˸һҪүҹѾˣʱңҲ𲻵̫ã˸˳ӳʱүүڸǽ֣ڡҲ֪ôˡ
˵Ҷһ£ֵųϣҪҪɱȥǼصĹӸɱˣȻүү
мＸħĺܣֹһε̽ҵΪȷʵȪΪԶ뵽ɱȪ
˵仰֮ħ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷҵ۾ƺڿҵû˵ѣֱ۾ȴڼĵĻֺ̿Ͳ
Ƭ֮ħڻһ˵һԴΪأȪΪǴ򲻹ܵıܻеģǼǰƽɣƺѾǺĸɵټ
ħתͷһߵСӣʵ鶼׼ˣ
һж׵͵ȳһ£Ƭ˾ͻᱻ˽ӣ֤һڲСƵЦ
ǺãǾͼǰ߰ɡ
˵ţħվӣҸߣһȺ˼ɽ֮ǰ
ʱҲڳһһɻȥˣųһ亹
ҸħߣǵΧ߸֣ȫСĳǰǰ
һ·֮ҷƬɽ֮УֻħһˣʱܿٵĺӰζ
ÿЩӰʱħߵ˱ᷢһеǱҲӦһǴк
ȷʵ٣ɽ·˺üĺӰÿһȣʮʮ߶һΪ͡
ҲıѾˣΪ飬Ȼô֡
ҸħߣȴջǣһصôˣΪ˶ԸүүǸɣȻһУүүǱ߿϶֪Ҿȥͨ籨ţ֪ʲôط
ħô֪үʲôطҲӲȥ
Ǻã
ǰһξ룬һֱǰħͻȻˣһкЩȫס˸ط
Ҳԣ˳ħĿǰʱ򣬵ڼ׿ĵطɽװվһôԱߣվڷڵģܹЩˣ˵үӲԶˡ
ħһ֣˼ƣҲȴһĨӵƣһҵܹ˹ȥڵص˸ɱˡ
ܿ죬ħ߳ˣ˵ͷȻһΣԭؾ


450 ɽ
һֱһ˽µĵ֮УҾ°ͣʲôаŵݵ
ޱ𾪵ı֮УݵĴͲӰֻǰϴһСĶڣȻ˴ԼӵĹ⾰̧ͷٴγǰȥʱ򣬾ƺߣԭڷڵص˲ͱ˵£ûϢ˿϶ǻˡ
զ˵صʼүүǾϢıɱˣҵҲܣڵҲѱĻ˵ǵ
˵Ҳ֣ǸӣصӦȫǸֲǣϢı˸ɱˣҲ̫޷ˡ
ǰߵû˶֮󣬺ܿ촫˼ֵħСĸ˵һﶼϣʤڴһˣһҪСŪ֡
˵գһ˱ħ˵ķȥܿһ
ߵʱ̲ס࿴һղʹöݵļһüۣݵƤͷΪ˫֮źָܳףɽ׵צƵģ˻ѳľֻǵצϻѪϵĵ
֮󣬴󲿶Ӽǰƽһ·֮ϣҿԽԽĺӰɽ֮г֣ЩΧЩúԶһڴк
Ҳ˵һص˶жˣǴˡ
ЩѵأһֲүүǱߵ˲һ˵Ļ϶ᱻЩȫ
һ·֮ϣ˺üڵȫЩ׾ٵĸˡ
ЩʱӲӣħԳ֣ܿ죬Ҹо۶׽Ĺ켣صЩԱǰʱЩ˸ûлֵĻᣬħһֱɱУһֻ΢΢ſճɻצ״˵һץԴͱķ飬ԽӶ˳ӱ̬ǣɱ֮ħͷһϵѪԽӣ龰ǶĵĲҪ˳
ֲýϵ˻һħڻţɱľǶħһ㡣
˺üڵصԱ֮һ˼ǰƽ
һֱһɽУԶԶĿһȺɽװ˳ǵǰ
Щɽװ֮⣬һ˼ʿģˣĶɫĵۣЩɽװ˻һ
ҵ۾ͿʼȺ֮ͼҵүүټ
ھ̫ԶƬɽ֮еǻζԴҲ̫
ħ˶ҸطҪǷ֣ҲҪǶǸط˿
֮Ϊ˲ص˷ǣϾЩصҲǷ֮һֱǿǲûв
ʵżطֻûźţܴͨ绰Ļǰүү˵һҲͺˣǺи׼
Ѿֵزȫħסˣߣү˵ҲѾ޷ˡ
ΪصѾһصЩ˸ΧסҲܲˡ
ҿһǰڲݴԺħȴڰƽţһʵڲУҸħУһ䲻⣬һħ߳˱ʣЩһص˾ûĹǣз̵Ļᡣ
ֻħΪ˸͵ϮܹɹĻ΢΢˵СҪȥ
Щ߰飬ҵٴɽ֮еصϡ
Ǳߺһܴķ̨Ƿ̨Χ߰˸ɫ۵ڲ̤ͣﻹһֱʲôܿ죬һɼΪϢɽ֮뵿ų˺ܴĲ
ʱһֱԶħͻȻ˺ôȻɽȺë˹⼸˲ð찡
ϣ˵Щ˶ɽģݺӾƺЩ˼ʵ
ϷǲῴģЩëɽˣϷ֮ǰǽ֣Ѳһж֮ҪĿ껹Ǹɣǧ򲻿սЩɱɱɱ˵ľٶ졣
ħ˵仰֮һ޴ͷϺ¡¡ͻȻ˷磬ΧҶһ졣
һ˲ƺͱ
ʱǼΧŷ̨̤ĵʿֱ࣬ǵԶ翲ƺħ˳С
ִһЩͷٴιһףһҫ£ҿһϤӰǸɢŽʬζŮ˾ɽеһʯ֮ϡ


451 Ҫɱ
ղħ˵Χŷ̨̤ȺʿɽˣȻҲʲôһǸɢŽʬζŮ˳֮˲ƺһЩ
ЩɽĵʿӦͨĳɢŽʬζŮ˸˳ȷе˵ֻ˵еĺĸɣԶŴ˵вŻֵľ֮û뵽ᣬֶܳ
ҽǿˡ
תͷһߵħҲھ۾ĿǸվɽ֮ϵŮˣ޷ε̰ȣ⻹һַĵĿ־壬ҿʱΪħˣڿĸʱҲɪɪɼ⺵ĸɵжôɲ
ȻֻһոвСһֳţ»ĸоҿ⺵ĸɵʱȴû̫Ŀ־壬һεԵʣڶοҲоϡƽ
ħ֮⣬һһصЩ˿һۣЩڿǺĸ֮֮жħһ㣬εľ֣˵ĿⶼվɽϵǸźӵŮˣ۾գһµġ
ʱҵͻȻðһʮֶΣյ뷨˵ĿⶼǺĸɵʱҿɲ͵͵ɱħأ
ֻҪһЩ˱ûĹǣ˶صҲǳԸɷģҾص󲿷ָӦþ;ۼڴ˴ԸǺĸɵġ
ӲӲص˲һ䣬ҪȻħҲ˵ǴеҪĿĲΪɱЩصˣΪɶ
˱ԿħȫصЩҲû̫ġ
ᵽЩɽĵʿ֮иû˵ԼЩɽĵʿʮѲ
뵽һӼԼ뷨
ɱħܾүүصЩˣְɣ
ҵĺʼЩʶľǬһ¾սеͭǮ۾ֱĶħĺģһһҪ׼ݣȡһܸκδϢĻᣬһӦôһ֣̾ͻᱻɱ
Ҽɱħҵ߻һصĸ֣һѡ
أΪ˾үӾƴһѰɣɱͳɽȱȥѴ˽٣һ򶼱ȽӲ
һĽͭǮǬ˳ҪȻħʱʱͻȻħĶ΢΢һƺʲôܿתͷһ׶ĿңŭͺȵҪʲô
ŵĴһ飬вɵһҵ񰡣Ǿֻ֣ǶһҪɱͷͱħˡ
ղħһʱͭǮֺܿǬһɫҲĶݺһЩصĹ飬Ҿͺ޵үүҲЩ֮УھȥɱĸɸɾʦѩޣҲʧȥ֮˵ʹ࣡
˵ħе׺֮ɫСĸ˵˵СӸղôôصɱΪСҪɱء
æԴҡεĸ˹һ㣬вɵһ飬æ͵ųϡôأұЩص׷ͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬޼ҿɹ飬˼ңһȥһصЧأôܻᶯ˼ѵҷ˲ɣ
ħ΢΢һЦ˵ϷˣϷҲܹ⣬ڶֻʱٵһʰǺĸ֮󣬱ȻʧأʱٶҲ٣ȫ֮ڶֻܾˣԣһҪ֪ͣѳɴ£ԺϷ㻹кܶҪѧĶ
ħ潫ҰδͽܣȴΪͷ󻼣֪ҾĻƵ˲ɡ
أһ£ҿɲǶүү֡
˵Щ֮ħתͷȥ
һĹ򣬷ƺһЩͷһѤ绮ضɽҡһ㣬Ƭյĺ紵ĴҡڣҶ׷ɡ
ͷٴγɽȴһۣЩɽĵʿΧŷ̨̤ͣǵĲضܣƺȸղŵٶּӿ˼֣еĳ֮ôԶҵĶһҲ
ٴγǸվɽϵĺĸɵʱ򣬷Ǻĸɵƺ΢΢ζһ£Դǰ紵ĳƮ裬һɫĳҲ졣


452 ʬХ
˳Ǻĸɵķһۣڱ֮УǺĸķȻһƣھ޴ķ֮£ƺܿͱˣ¶һԲ£ʱҪر𣬾ȻǳֳѪһĺɫ
ⱲӴûмִԲѪһʺвɵþ󣬱Žдѷ̫Ǵ֮ļ㣬֮ļ㣬ģ֪ˡ
ѧⷽĶҲ̫ϴϼصȫʵԵڷˮ֮Ľ˵ִ࣬ԲĺɫǸɵҲܹ쳣
ղһûдɱħɹ鹢ڻ꣬Ѫ֮һе˼޺ۼһ˫۾ȫǺĸɺͷϵѪסˡ
ȴƣħ˵ĸôΪʲôֻǸɢŽʬζŮأ
ǸɢŽʬζŮӦþǺĸˣȥˣ
û飬ǺĸͻȻһ쳹صĳХһûУͻȻ죬ŵҵСѣɤ˳ĸķΪ̶ҾȻҲһҴûĶ̫ôˣһ𣬶ʱ˼Ğųùĵѵķƶ࣬ǹ֮ҲƺһȻֹ
ǺĸХ֮Դ˲죬ʶЩˣǶҪһ㣬ǰľɫҲЩ벻塣
ҿҪʧȥʶʱһҶ˵ĳ죬鶥΢գڶڵ
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ȹ֮󣬳ߵ˿ȥħ˿һƽĿң˹ղǿھ϶Ҷ˵ġ
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СӣǴ˵еĽʬХ£ʱòҪעϣ⽩ʬǴ˵мΪɵаĽһֹǵΪǳһЩģпܻᵱɥСӳé¿ΪӻǻûȫܹʬХµСܹ⽩ʬХµ龰Ҳǿ۽ˡħƵ˵
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ħһۣٶԣһȻתͷȥٴοǺĸ
ǺĸһҶøղħҵĿھסˣ˵ھǹãȻаҲһǴ
ǺĸХʱﻹƣ⽩ʬХµͼɶܲʬһֱиͣɣ
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ǵǺĸĵХӽβʱ򣬹ͷˣǺѪ֮ϣͻȻһ⽫ǺĸסˣһĻٴεһ
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޵Ļ˲ӣǺĸֱܿһӣֱǻۡ
ǺĸӾȻʼˡ
һ׷Ž˱׻Ļһ㣬ǺĸӲϵͣȻֳִ׳ֽţϻиļ飬ֽ϶˷ָף˶Դһſȫ˴⣬оһһ붼ͺݣһ˫Ѫ۾ϡëֻǿһۣ˾ò
Χ˶һȻҲǱ⺵ĸģŵˡ
ȥ̫ôˣԭһС˵ģ˲ͳ˰ˣʹ屶һ𣬻ճҺʳ
Ȼ˷Ӧ֮ĺĸʹɽ֮һԾ£˫ᣬ£ͳɽеȺ˹ȥ
ǺĸôãڱôһУѪ³Хǽ֮ء
ǺĸһԾµʱڵĲ֮ϺܿҲ˱仯


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һֻɵĽʬֱ绢ٴͣҲܷ⺵ĸƴֲĹǰָӦأ
ΪصЩ˰һ亹үүеǣֲү˵εǳҪҪ׼ôò׽⺵ĸɣɼһ֪еգսǿסңҲ顣
ںĸһ̣ȫˡ
Ǻĸ֮󣬴ɽ֮һԾ£һԶᣬչ׳ǳ֮Ҳ൹̣ӻ£ž޴ĸ֮ƣۿžҪɽеȺʱҵһ˲ᵽɤۣ޴ĹһȺ֮УҲʲô£һֱײǱȻҲ
ҸΪȵĻں棬ѱ֮ĺĸɽһԾµʱһֱڷ̨̤ЩɽĵʿͻȻͣǸվŵķλǲһʲôӣ˼ɽķȻǲģҲ֪ʲô󣬵˿ܻ꣬ⷨʶģЩɽĵʿվ֮һٴһ㣬ÿһʿжһѱվǰһʿԽָ죬ͻȻٵ˿ھʦϣ٣ħɽƴԵУͻףɱˣ̫Ͼ
ǵʿּֿУʱɫ䣬Ʊ䶯һ޴׹䣬һ绮ҹգצ춼˺һӣһѸײڶ֮ƾֱǻѱ亵ĸȥһ˺ĸϣʱǺĸһİðһ̣Ϊ֮һ١
ڿһĻʱҵ۱֮صļ̤ȥȺɽĵʿ̫ţˣһ󷨣˼ھһ׾Ǻεȵĺƺֲߵħ˵ɽȺʿӲӣ˭ȺţĵʿƶӲһ˭ñ
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Ϊһѱ֮ĺĸ϶ҲܲסȻᱻˣֱӴ֮е
ȻСǺĸʵһֻ֮һΣðһ̣ٶȶȻٴμӿ죬һĳХһγɽеȺи
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һϵеĳǺշĺĸңңһָΧĞųʱһӿؿڱ쳣һΪ޴罫յһƬͨ磬޴ĺһΪֳǺĸȥ
ǺĸĲҺٴҰһֱħҵķҲЩƲסڷѪҺˣ̲סɪɪ
ǺĸĲҺ˺һƽϢĿһۣǻ˹ţһױȸղŵһҪͣǺĸӦûᱻ˰ɣ
ǵٴ̧ͷȥʱǺĸٴҾȵĿɿڴڰ֮лζ£ܿסΣһΣҿǺĸ֮е׺ݺͲб϶޲ýЩ׵ĵʿһ̽


454 ߵ
ЩɽĵʿѾһףһһңΪ˺ƺ֮£ǺĸǲҲᱻˣǺĸھܹ֮һ˫ᣬʣٶȻڼӿ죬˿Ǻĸֻˣ˿̣Ҳᵽ˴˵еĺΪɶᵽһ̸ֽ֮ɫĶĺš
һ̣ͻȻ뵽ҵĸүү˼ڵĻܲ׾ٵ쳣ĺĸ
үүһ꽣һսһ滹ӡһ꣬⺵ĸ
Ҿûе׶ҸүүӮ⺵ĸҲҪķһۡ
үأ
ǿ϶ͲһˣǿǴ˵ж˰̵Ĵ⺵ĸӦùаɣ
һжͻȻԺðģ֪ҲܳԴһδڤ֮ػҸүүˣչزһ겻¶ˣүǻҲûжۣǻţҲһʮˣ϶⽭ǷǷǡ
ҿȷǣֻҪħҶҵˣĺǣҸүү϶ҲŹġ
Ҳ֪ħ֪֪ҸүүˣҪ֪ĻҶүүĻĵӾ̫һЩ
Щɽĵʿĸĵʱ̣ҵﾹȻðô߰뷨ҲͦԼġ
ڼţǺĸ֮ɳɽ߻裬﷢˷ŭ˻һٶԽԽ죬ܹһ˫Ѫ۾̽յһ֮һƬѪ
Ǻĸٶһ飬ɽеЩɽĵʿ󷨵ٶҲԽԽ죬ոս׵ɽϵῴȥЩ˵󷨵βȻһʿվŽףҴɨһۣЩɽĵʿһоŸŵʲôҲ֪һһЩɽʿΧվһȺɽװصˣڸߴ϶µĸӣź磬Ҳڷ֣Щص˺ɽĵʿȻƴһر̫ͼղ̫ˣһֱûзҪ顣
գۼĹЩɽĵʿֻ˺üǽףǺĸȻûбֻЩҡҡ׹˫Ҳ˼ͣð̣ѪһƬһ߷ţһ߲ͣµʺѪҺ
ǺĸԽԽˣǸ޴̫ͼҲһٶԶѾ׵ĺĸȻ˺ۣȴԵ׺˫̽յһѪ۾ɢĶ񶾺޼Ϊ˵Ҳɵŵɪɪ
ʼգħЩһصûκζֻǾĿŷһĻ
Ҿˣһ⺵ɳףΪ˼䣬¼ΣΪһصа֯Ҳ⣬ΪɶҾͲú̸̸һ⺵˵ЩһصˣȴصɽĵʿԸ֮ԪˣȻٹȥǵ磬ôҲ̫ˡ
ɼһص˵ȷʲôöΪʲôأ
һҲö֪
ǺĸȴѾƽǾ޴̫ͼ
̶̵һٶ׵ľ룬ǺĸٴξףϸղŵΣҲ˵⺵ĸһߵ׵ĺɱҲ֧ŲסˣֱӴӰ֮еһԴȺ֮УҲǸ޴̫ͼ֮ڡ
һȻײȥ֮󣬽涼ҳһӡ
ΪһΣĸͦˣߵףôѰˣһи֣һȥĻҷˣܹסߵףѾ⺵ĸļޡ
ʵǺݺݵĴһ⣬Ǻĸӵڵ֮ҾȻһ޴λζͻȻ£˲ƵȺܼĵطֱײ
һĻҵѪҺٴη⺵ĸĿԡ
ҿǾ޴̫ͻȻʼ˶ΧǺĸ̤һҲصЩ
ѾôЩɽĵʿǲٽˣΪ׵ʵ̫󣬶ǺĸڵϱȿƶĻҪ죬һȻ˼޹ԣһζԸĸƴ
Щɽĵʿصһһ̤һΧǾ޴˺۵ĺĸתȦӣﻹĳƺƴ


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̧ͷڵĲȥʱ򣬷ͷ֮ϾȻһ޴УǾ޴֮ͻȻһ⣬Ƿĺĸסˡ
ǵһסĸ֮ԭͻĺĸʱ˵һ㣬һˡ
ɽǼֱ˵ϣ䣬ֱңңһָȫ̶ָֻԭصĺĸϣȻҲ֪ʲôǼɽĵʿͻȻͶһƵĹЩɽĵʿֱУŸͬķλסǸĺĸ
ǺĸĲҲһԲԲĹȦǹȦһ㡣
һֶһϣǺĸֱġ
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ǹһʧԭԭصĺĸٴζ˶ԴǼԭڵϵɽʿòվ㣬ȴǱǺĸҡһΣҡڲ
ڴʱЩص˵УͻȻ˼ֳַĸ֣һΣֱԾȻеıͳǺĸԴϿ˹ȥ
Ҳвصĸ֣ͬʱеķȥΧǺĸ̡
Ⱥ֮Ľࡣ
ҿһĻɴ۾Щصһ˵ӰǾҼүӣڣҺǿһϤӰһѱǺĸԴϣžͿһǸӰЩүүҲȷΪʵ̫ԶһЩ
ǺĸǱҲִУζž޴ԴһǺĸĺͷƺӿһ£Ȼһ죬һ͸ˮôһصϣǸڰ֮УͷһĲҽУһŰɫǸصĸڵϵʱָʣһѰ׻Ĺͷӡ
ȥǺĸĵʲôӵʱ䲻ͽ˸ʴ˹ͷӡ
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ʱħһˣСʵϡǺĸ³ɶôô
ǲɶǺĸĿˮѣ֪⽩ʬڶǺʬģǱʬҧץȻȾʬͬǣһֻĸ⺵ĸǽʬеļƷˮҲǾ綾ޱȣֱҪǱżſⳡϷɡħЩֻ˵
ϣ͵ȵĲͷˣҪȻǳʰĸʱֱɱȥȻһֲɱҲʹ첻ǣԶһҲ
Уħϴʾܾʱδж˭Ҫǲӵĺɱۣڳȥ̫磬Ǻĸúһ˹룬ƣʱٶҲ٣ӵǾӢô׵ȥڻҡ
û뵽ħôӣѾЩסˣصѾʼԱˣǺĸôҾ͵Ҽүʲô⡣
Ҫħһֱߣͳȥˡ
˵ĹкüصڷЩǱǺĸĿˮֱӸʴһ߹ǼܣЩǱϻζצ˺˺ü飬ǺĸҲû̵̫ˣҲ˿ڣǺĸɻʮּǿôŪŪƵġ
սԽԽˣ˵սľÿʱÿ̶ѪŽɱͰӳһƬǼɽĵʿ򱻾ĺĸĶҡΣۿžҪ֧Ųסˡ


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ĸǿҾҲû˭ˣЩɽĵʿصִв˽ףʮķȻȺ֮ⶼȥһˣǺĸǿʼ޷ɱ
˿̣ܵԽԽصĸΧ֮Ǻĸ˺ۣʹѾһʮ״̬ӾҵǼɽĵʿҲЩסˣקĶᣬ˴ԼӵĹ⾰֮ҿʼɽȺϵ֮Ҳ˳
Щɽϵһ˾Ÿˣ߸ÿ˶һףֽ׵ĶӦ൱ģ˶һ㣬ԴԴϣЩ׵ϵӦѾƣˣǾӦھŵ׵ĺ֮£ǺĸȻɥڴˣ鲢ûеǰ򵥣Ǻĸûоŵףոյߵ׽ĸֱӾ͵Ϊ׼õĴ֮УǿĿԣ˵ļƻ仯죬Ÿɽĵʿ߸ѾĹźĸķ趯ΣȻһù׵ϵǺĸ˹ȥһſھ͵˺˺üأ״쳣ҡ
ǺĸԽǱֵķصЩ˾ԽǺηǰͺ̣һˣһ˽ٴȥϾص˶ڣһһȫǸ֣ķϵĳǺĸкֹ˴Լʮ֮ǺĸķȾС࣬ǺĸжʮѪģʬ塣
ѪܵһĻҵĶڲΪȷЩʬ嵱ǲҵүү
֮ǰΰƽ˵үүˣȻ֮£Ҫ쳣յ飬ʮֵǡ
תͷһߵħӵͷڲݴ֮Уһеģƺ
˵ĻıˣӣǲӲӥ
͵ΪѾӽβʱõħǺĸɱ֮󣬺ܿĳԸص
ǿǺĸѾЩһϢˣħɲɫ
ڴʱһӤͻȻ쳹ɽ֮Уǻ
һ춯һ飬ΪȵǺĸʱĞųҪңĻ̣ѪҺٴȼһ߰ħղŽҵķ֞ųҵĳһ۾ԴɨһȦ֮󣬲ûҵԴͷ
ȴЩԭΧźĸɱȺʱһֲ̿ĳţǼɽĵʿҲٴһ㣬Դ
ǸӤĽܿͣЪöû
Ҵʱֿһߵħϼһʱֵ쳣ɫԵЩ˷ܣǺߵļһֱ΢΢ĳ鴤ţԵЩ
Ȼ䣬ƺʶʲôһֱ˵еĺɣǺĸһֵģų֮Ϊɣǰ⺵ɱصɽϵΧѾһϢʱֽرǺĸĶӡɼˡ
ΪɶһʼأƫƫȵĸϾҪʱŻ
ѵǺĸҲĸ鲻ɣ֪ɣһӦսЩ֣
һҾ޴֪ˣΨһȷǣɺܿҪˣҪȻħҲôǰΪɶô
͵˵˵õ֮ټͿԳΪһɱ黹ܶԸ飬һΣħǶڱصˡ
ħԵüҿΧߵЩһصҲԵüޱȣ۾ֱĶɽĶһУ׼ʱӡ
ֹƬ̣Ӥٴдżɱɽ֮صƮƺɽֽһЩҰħҵĿھͣţ޷ҵʹ࣬ڽҧĿ죬Դһ
˶ˣһСˣɱһ͢ĹӣҺͳһж˭жħ˵
ϣҪˣҲɵüﻹţĸ׺ǲҪǺĸҪ
ҪȻħΪʲôҪɵע⣿
ڵصɽѾʧ˲٣ɸĸһײеĻһγүүǱߵ˾Ҫʣ¼ˡ


457 
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Ҿ۾Ŀܣ˶䣬۲ɿֵܳĵطǵڶ֮һжƽôȶȲˡ
˿̵쳣ᣬϣСɳֲ֣ϣ֣ˣ˵ͱˣײеа˼䣬һĻѪϴһǳأԲڿЦһĳˣүүǱ߾ˣǰͻȺǻţүү϶֪һصѾǸΧˡ
һģھĵȴţһаô¡
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Ȼ䣬ôоƺأںĸûг֮ǰ쳣ȣվŲȵĺ䤱ЪֹȴĪ³Ȼб䡣
ڴʱһжƽʱ⧲ͻȻͷˣɽֵһ࣬ͻȻһ׻Ĺ⣬ֱȺС
ʵǲǹ⣬ֻٶ̫˶ѣͻȻĳ˳ʼ͵Ϯص
ͻȻڳ֮󣬰һ֮ӤƵĿһǰѸݣĿɿڴ֮£˵Ѫ֮УҶѾ۾ɵĺܴˣҲûпɵɱЩˡ
Ϊ̫ˣо۶޷׽ɵӰ
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̫ˣһ棬Ǻӵ˫ȾʹӴȸضˣϰ˳ȥûпСζ֡
Сɱȥķ򣬺һϢĺĸѵСɳĸɣ
Щɽĵʿȴ˺ĸǰ棬óһ󣬸ųʱӭСɣһΣСûгɹͻƷߣܿͱǼɽĵסˡ
⼸ɽĵǲõһ󣬰˰ѽ·ɣ빥һƬ׻ĵ⽣Ӱۻңû뵽ɽôļϵһҪүүԮصЩ˻һܹʰ˺ĸɡ
ȻһʱͻȻʣİ˸֮ͻȻһҽУһϵ㵹Ѫ֮УԴֱӵһԣһǻѪ
ȥЩϵҲסɡ
УǼȥˣұ취ħߵǰжһսħǱߵҲʰСɣ˭ôҲ̵ˡ
⣬һߵħĿ̰ĿСɣһĨаȵЦݣܹоʱ󲿷ֵעѾСɵϣ߷ľһЩ
˵ħҲҡ
ҲȥɱˣΪһɱ϶ᱻֻܱˡ
ţ΢΢ĻһӣһŲһӣȡħԶһЩһҪˣһ־ץסҲǡ
ŲħԶٴתͷһħھ۾ĿСɳס
һ룬ˣʱܣʱ
Ҫ˺Ǿڰɡ
ͻȻȻһ˻ƲݴԣǬͭǮƬɽȾͿ񱼶ȥ
Ѿƴеתһȥ˲ʮ׿ˡ
һʱһȻħӦ˹Ԭ飬ܳȥʲôϽӻ
ǿ϶ΪͽȻᷢʩ˷ųɱңҿûôɵħһҵʱҲûͣ½Ųֻװ쳣ŭĳصķ˻ߵĴɱʦ㻹ʦҸƴˣ
Ԭ˰壬ͣħ׵ķŭˣ˻Ȼƺ׷˹ٶʮֵĿ죬ȻҸһͷ


458 ͵Ϯɹ
ħĽŲ׷ҸƬ̲ҵ飬Ǳ׽ס룬һĲ֮еתһּޣٶȶȻٴμӿ죬һ߳ɽȼ䱼ȥһﻹЩ͢ӥȮͷˣʥ̵˽մѾǰΧˣ
ԽԽӽƬɽȣһЪ˹źЩص˺ɽλ벻Ҷѡ
ܿ죬вע⵽ߣЩΧɵһֵһ֣ӭ߱˹ʱѾȫǵٱ¶ˣħǱȻһܻ޲һҵĽࡣ
ʱһͷһۣħû׷ͣ˽ŲݺݵĿһۣͻȻźһ֣׽ӥ
Ǻڻ˼ǱڰһصϿʼжɱЩصԱ⶯ֲɡ
жǰˣҲûа취İ취ѾˣǱûκ塣
ħһ£ЩڰаԱʱˢˢվʼɽͳ塣
Ƭ֮󣬵ҿЩ˵ʱ򣬲ɵûǾȵһ
õģ֮ǰһصڶңѹѹһƬ˳ɽʱҾ֪ҹˣЩһصϣֻ಻١
ȥôˣû뵽
ղɽ¿ʱ򣬴һ£ص˼ɽЩҲһٶˣҸղŸĸɵһƴɱʧʮ֣ҲǰܳĻҲҪ˹롣
صǱжʮӭ߱˹һѹѹһƬӰʱ¶˾ŵɫվԭزҶˣǱɵˡ
Ҿ֪ǿ϶Լ߱ħ顣
Щصɵۣұͣס˽ŲħȷصߵˣΪһֱΪʦʬűħ϶ҵԴȱɵСӣҪȻղðڱҴˡ
վԭأȴħ˽ӽң۸ߺֵǣʥ̵ǣʱˣЩ͢ӥȮ۸̫ˣǵڣһһҪ߰
ںͬʱɨұӿ˴ħ£˷ˣһͻɽ𣬳ص˷ӵ
ʱվص˵гһˣǰ˼תͷĹø˿һۣסˣΪ˲Ǳˣүүΰƽ
϶ƵĺܣʲôӴа˹ɱүүԣ˿̵ı֮⻹ĵɻһ˼Ŀҡ
ΰƽɴ۾ͻȻ죬˵ССš㡭
æΰƽʹһɫʾҪ˵ʱһͷȥʱ򣬵ħϰѾɽϳ߻ʮ׵ľ롣
ڴʱһ½еͭǮ׷ҵǰȵȺ͢Ĺӣ۸ʥ̵̫ˣǹܷ˵ųϻȻ֮أ
ΰƽһãȻûЩص˶֣Ҳͣĸΰƽգ۾
ܿ죬ħϰѾܽˣԼʮ׵ľʱͻȻҧ⣬Ǻڰ֮еͭǮ³һѪĭӣٵ䣬ǰͭǮ뿪˼ʮöͭǮǼʮöͭǮ˲ַ˼ʮͭǮ
ݵĹһҪͨѪķʽ߶ͭǮñͭǮ󷢻ӳһħһ䲻⡣
Ÿħǰ˴򣬺пһͨĸֶ򲻹͵Ϯɹļʾ̫ˣ֪Ϊħյͽܣ֪˶Ϊʬŵͽܣ̵³Աղһͨɱȫص飬ôҲ뵽һͻȻˮ
ǵģҾҪһֲ
ĽŲԽԽһһԹ˹ȥ߶˱ͭǮǼʮöͭǮϰٵͭǮһ֮ͳħϰٸһص˹ȥ
ǵԱ̫ܼˣǰ㶼
ʮöͭǮϰٵͭǮɢХžɱȺ֮Уҹ䵽һԵĲݴеʱ򣬿ħЩһĪı飬ǽһ졣
ʱ䣬ЩͭǮͭǮʹ͸˼ʮ˵壬һѪɽ


459 ͻ
һбͭǮҴѧ֮䲻ǷЧһΣȴõһΣֻһУüʮһصĸɵѪ֮УɥȻҲв˵ģΪħҲЩ첲ϱһͭǮƣѪ졣
һе֮Һܿ췭𣬳Ŷΰƽķ񱼶ȥͷȥʱ򣬿ħһŭѾȫŤˣһߺŵʬ壬Ŀ϶ڵѪղصԸֻĸʱһ»ûôˣֻһ͵ϮǱôħͷѪŹ֡
С飡һֱ·Ļϲ⣬ԭǳ͢߹ħݺݵһ˵һΣһֻճצ״ͳ߿ٵı˹
һħץ·һˣĸҵ飬ͳΰƽǱ߿񱼶ȥһһ߸ΰƽ޴磬ңүүأ
ΰƽʱŷӦһеĳЩص˵ȥסħ
ΰƽһ£ʱĶʮص˾ӭȥסħȥ·򱼵ΰƽߣһѾͱΰƽץס˼Щֵ˵СţǸ㲻˻ˮôôԼܵˣôħһ𣿡
˵Ժʱٸ㣬үүأȲʵ
ֳǶԸء˵ţΰƽ˳һָұ˳ָķȥ濴үӸɽļʿһһɲһ
һΣҿүһѱ콣ӰСľٲά衣
һǵһοүýԭҲ͡
ҸôĶүӿ϶ǷңڸСƴʱ򣬻߿ۣüͷȻǼ˵ġ
һ֪Ҵϳӳ飬һʼͲϣҹ顣
ϵħӴɽϳһƬۿžҪصγɺΧ֮ơ
ʱ򣬴ɽЩϵ֮УͻȻվһϵһѱȺΪܼһɽ¿һۣȻͻȻ˼־еĳ߸߾˼ֻһʱԭѾƽɽȣٴαһģ׹ĺϣ𡭡һУһ˲ͷˡ
ЩԭƴźŵĳɽµһصһϵŪ㶯ʱܵˣһŵĽڵǰһ󣬺ܿ˷Ӧ˹һãëҪˣҿܰ
һ䣬Щһص˾Ҫɢʱ·ϱȥ
˶Ѿˣô׵飬ǽ׵ϵеĳһӣһ޴Ĺ;ֱеı֮ϣϵȺΪܼĵطֵȥ
š¡һ죬һصľʹӾ֮þЩһصȺΪܼм䣬Ǿһ˼Ҿ硣
ͻ֮⡣
ǵ֮󣬸оһþըӰ֮еȻ˲䱬ըš¡һ죬ըѳһӣȻѪ׷ɵĳ棬һƬ֫ϱĴɢ䣬һ׺˵ʮ˷ˣʵֲŵҲһ亹
ղǸϵųһ֮ƺЩߣܿ£˶Ըɵս֮УӶԸɵĽ֮кܿٴһϵϵһ㣬ҲԽָ죬䣬Ų֮ϵ绹ûɢȥæȴֽܿһףȺܼĵطȻ¡
һףȸղŵһҪңٴҳһӳĴǻ⣬ЩһصӦʮˣصѪͲ֫ϱۣʬϻȼŻ磬ǲʵľֱһɱ
ԭȶԸǺĸʱǾŸʿߵףڵףǾǾŵףҲ˵Щɽĵʿÿһ˶һס
ʩչ൱ģһ֮󣬿Ҳ޷׽ˡ
Ѿ㹻ˣٺɱħһٶŸ֣ټҸղͭǮɱļʮˣһص˲ʧ˽һС룬ԭЩǲģҲǰǱ¶Ļ
ǲص˿϶ȫ
ħҪˣΰƽ˲ס֮ڶƿڴ


460 һѪս
飬ŵϹ˹ۣͽܣúһȴôϷһڳ϶ҪСӸʬΣң
ħһ߸߰˸صĸֶƴһ߻ߴ
ǣæͼӴףŭģЦ˵ħͷԸͽܣʵɣСүɲʬŵͽԬҪɱҪɱүүóѣĴȥɣ
һ˵ħŭˣһͨ죬ͷ
һŭ˻ֳצһѾץסߵһ˵ӣһֻǸ˵Դ˹ȥ
һּأֱӽλصֵԴĽǻ֮УһͷǱ죬׻ԽӺѪһ
ħһ˦֣ͽǸ˵ʬ嶪һԣ߾˹
ȥħǷ˺ˣһҪɱҵĽࡣ
Ǿʬ屻ħ׵һԵʱҿһ꺺ӱеĴһƽ磡
׷ħˡ
ǸƽĺҲǸˣҼֱӳ·¶һ⣬ٵ˼־ıһͻȻֳһ˵Ӱ߰˳࣬棬ۣһµĺһֱ䵽ؿڣò䡣
ⲻǹعضүô
ǹضֳµһΣ͵ħǰסħȥ·ħһסΣǰˡ
ǹŰӵĺҲһѳ׷ŭɱƽ磬Ҫ𣡡
˵գɷ˵һͳħԴϿȥħֻһ㶣ͷӦ˹һͶȥ˵һܿ죬ǱĹضүǺӾħɱһš
ҿЩϤϸһ룬ⲻǻеĴô
ֻǻһŭĿգĹع
ǸŴħƴʱ򣬺óߣҲſķǸ˵һƵǹع̤ͼ
Ҳ͵ĺܣǹƥͿԸסħоĺܡ
޴磬˭ôߵΰƽ
˽źأңǻֵܾĹǸɣʮΪ֮¡ΰƽ˵ţܿҲеıħɱȥ
ʱЩԭɵ׵һصĸ֣ڿǼɽĵûٷų֮󣬵ӱ߰˹
Ǹղ׺ɱټҵ͵Ϯħĸһټʮˣħصҡ
֮ƴĲ˶࣬Ϊ߲ߣǶԷ˶ףܶγѹԵѹ
ĿǰԷȫصô׵飬߻ɽΪϵ
˷һӿһƬѹѹȺֱӽǸΧˡ
ڣγսţһ󲿷ΧɽǼʿүүһΧصԱҲڡ
̵ɽ֮䣬չһѪսɱ졣
û뵽ǣħǱ߻׼ҿʮרŷɽǼʿнӹСɣƺҪС׽ˡ
ò˵ǣʮ˵ĴЩ֣Ӳӵģÿ˵ؿڶһͭƵĶռ˰ҲǽƽףʮۣЩʮõķǵѰһɫıӣĿһը죬ϵĳСϴȥ
СƺʮηʮӲӵˣǿƵġ
ÿСɳЩӲӵ˷ʱܻᱻ׸˻ħ׼ЩϴĿ׶ƵģרԸСɣǿ쳣ӲƾСɵצ쳣޷ЩӲĿס
ڴʱҲСɵʵĿֻһݣǾǡ󡱣޷ܡ
һϼȫݣһƬСųСɵԴϾֻһֻ۾һֻ۾ﶼǷŭ޵ɫֱرĳÿһֱֻϾָֻȷе˵ǲָǴϺƵǯӣ泤˾ݣЩſ׵ϣһ𻨴磬Щſ׵ļһͣҲҷ˺üЩҲǺˣǱҷˣվСĵס


461 ʧõĶʦ
ЩСĵ֮⣬мʮ˲סɽǼҲм˳߱˹
ʱҲ⣬ղ͵ϮħЩ˱ȻҺ֮ǣһǱҪҵġ
ܹ߱ˣһһһųһԧ쵶ڵľͽҸΧˡ
һǣҲûдתͷߣ֪ҿܲ˵Ķ֡
ɽȶڻսӵﶼҪ˶ֵġ
ұ㽫еͭǮһ׷ɵ˰֮УͭǮʩչ˳ͭǮҷͿھǣ֮£ʱͷֽ˼ʮöͭǮɢȥ
һһ׺֮ɫҼͭǮʱ۾ûգһ£ŲûƬ̵ͣɳɱ˹
ǰһԧ쵶ĺӣͭǮǴʱСһȣеԧ쵶˵һ㣬ʱЩͭǮ˳ȥԧ쵶ĺ󣬵ͭǮ񵲳ȥ֮Ǻܿٴɱ˹
һ׺㲻ǣֱӽɢĴͭǮ£һͭǮС
ԸˣȡʤĻʮãֻýСһֱéɽԪȭʽʩչ˳ȭéɽ书ȻʲôɱУǿνǧܹأܽˣȻ첻ʲô˺Ӧûʲô⣬޷ǲסʱ䳤һЩȴص˹Ԯ֣ҾͿˡ
ǰͭǮܿ˶һţһʼҾûдȡǵΪҸǵĶֻ֣ء
ҷָǹ֮󣬾ضԵʮѣħߵʵ̫ǿǸԧ쵶ļһ趯˫ˮһ㣬ҵ̣ҵ˫ȿһæң˷磬ʣµҵ̣еһͭǮʵЩмܡ
ұ˱ƵĲ˵ʱͻȻ䣬һӰͻȻҵ֮ڣһǵӰʧõĶʦô
ԴǸĴʧɢ֮ҾһֱĴѰӰʦûҵȴħһˣ֮ͱǳˣһΪǱɱأ֪Ȼط
ΪʦҵģǹȻܹߵ֪ʦָûзңֱЩŽӲӵ׵˳˹ȥʦΪΣ
ɻʱ򣬶ʦֺĽţһžЩſ׵˵УͳС˹ȥĳһ㡣
ʦֵȼһŻɫĻ磬ǧϻڵʵСϵЩ磬һմȾϣ̾ճһѻҽԭΪʦϻܵϣҲܹСɸȻȴû뵽ǣСɸʦֲһ֮СɵϾȻһźɫֱ˶ʦϵĻ磬һﱧһţڵϷСɿɲʦֿſѪڣͳŶʦк
ʦҲǸƲȻûСɵĶ࣬ҲСɵһͨͿС
ʮſ׵һ㶣ϵĶͣ׶ʦǴðģֻһ㶣˱ӣŶʦصĴ˹ȥ
ʦСɴĲɿһñӾһԶ˳ȥ
ʱ򣬵ʦһŻɫǻ˳Ƥһ·ӣһ´ڵǸƤ޵ϣһ¾һʰˣǸϴźףϵĻգۼĹӵȫǸ˱ʦϵȼ۵ķһĲҽУֻǽһӾ˵ϣȻûϢܿϵҲջˡ
һˣҲӵʱճһѻҽûٸǶʦˡ
ʦƺЩ׵˲ȤעȫСɵϣҲ֪ССжôĳޣһͿ򣬸ϱӾԩһ㡣
Ƕסˣ֪ʦΪɶҪСɵ鷳ұҪǡ
ʦ֣ңҳŶʦִһƴмЩ˳Ҵķҵĺʦƺһ£תһ˫Ĵ۾߿һۣ˼ͷ߱˹


462 ĥ
ãʦֲûҡ
˼ЩĻͷһСɣĸСȣ߿񱼶
Ѿ˱Ƶûа취ˣϰӣȶҲԧ쵶һӣѪ졣
ټָһӣȻᱻնڵ¡
ұһһؿڵɳȥʱ򣬶ʦ־͸ССһΣһɲͣҵǰ
СӵβΰͷҲߣȻһֵֺԽУҪǿʡ
СӺȻʷʵһΣϻɫĻ綸Ȼð˳
ԭ׼ļһʱͶסΣ۾ֱĿŶʦ֣һٴеģ
ղŶʦֻտ˵ĳ棬ǲûע⵽һˣӵʱͻᱻճһŻҽ˭һجΡ
һ³һѪĭӣͭǮλƵվõģ⼸һｫ۸ĹǺһͱǸɱˣöûôǱˣһŻ𣬵ҳŶʦ˵ʦ֣ξͿˣȫɱˣһ
ҵ֮󣬶ʦֺ˼ǻӦһƨɣϵĻŨ࣬ƵĻֱӴֵƮ˳
ӱ˴˶һۣ˫˸ʹһɫ˷ɢ˫ļһԸʦ֣˷߼Ұ˹
ʦֲɷ˵һţͳǰǸԧ쵶ĺ˹ȥ
ҿ߸˰ȻɵӲƴʦһҾ׷ŶʦȥˣǸ˫ĺӲѵһײ죬ȫһĥĽࡣ
ʦֿɲǿԧ쵶ĺӽʦһͳ³һССĻ磬Сǳ۾һ㣬ٵĳԧ쵶ļһƽ
ʦ³Ż粻ûȵ¶ȣΧĿһЩ
ǻһ󣬾͸̵ʱȼճĻһ㣬һʼԧ쵶ļһﻹΪȻǿС֮Ҳæһ㡣
ԧ쵶ļһܵСž׷ѵĻᣬ׷ȥǰסȥ·
ӲҵӺܿҲ׷ʦ㿪ʼҴڻ˭ֻҪһң͵˭ȥŵΨֱ֮
ҵԧ쵶ĺǰ棬һǺӱҸƼˣ˫ͳҿ˹Ȼˣǲ̫أֻҪǰŶʦֹʰǣԵǺ˹ʱͭǮ˼УһʦСƮ˫ĺӵı󣬵ӦʱСǵͰһ㣬䡱һ¾ͽǺӸȼˡ
ǿĻƽҵüëˣʶվȽŸǸ˫ļһѾճ˻ҽΨһ֤ϵĶֻеڵϵһԧ쵶ˡ
֮󣬶ʦͷֳ׷ȥһͬ鱻ճ˻ңûиʦһϸµͷܣ϶Ǳ˵ӡ
һղŻ쳣ҸˣôףֱͭǮ׷ȥʰǸ˫ĺһ㣬ֱӽǸơ
һʵǱʦָƵˣֻҺͶʦ׷ᡣ
ȻʱͻȻоһ˫۾ڶݺݵĶң̧ͷȥǲԶħһķ˸ղźŹع̤ĺӣһݣͳ˹
ŵæס˽ŲͷܣħƴûǸΪһϵǿˣҾһٸһҲʰġ
ȻˣеӴģһֱ׷ܵĶʦ֣ħʷʵһɲһ˫Ĵ۾ĻͻȻһգʧˣţʦһſھ³һŻ磬ħƮ˹ȥ
ħһߣм˵һֻޣܷ
ۿŶʦ³ŻҪײħϵʱħͻȻһֻճӥץ״һŨĺŻССĻƯһź֮ϡ
ȻħЦһݺݵ˵С飬ڣ


463 жд
ڿħʦ³Żڹ֮ʱҾ֪ҪСӵУҶ˵ͷܣħҲ׷ңֻǽеС糯߾˦˹
ʦ³Сħзһ˿Ĺʣƺȶʦ³ʱһЩҿٵķ
֪ʦСͬСɣһϣǿ϶ǻˡ
ǰһôһͲ˺棬һվССĻײϣ˲佫һôȼˣյž죬Ļȼҵ·æ˼ŻĴԶһЩ
ħûңֱٴγұлƣղŲΰƽǲħôôһ˳ħһղվλã˿Ѿ߸ص˺˵ϣΰƽǸźصĸһЩħ¸ˣħڳרʰҡ
ҲǺ޼ңεƭɱôˣ˿Ѿħжд̣ɱ֮졣
ħƮٵĳұ˹ʦֿɲ˭ֻҪҶҲǾͷʦֱӾͳħ˹ȥٴȼһŻ磬ħƺûнʦַӭ߳˹ħʦߵʱֻǷһţֱӾͽʦָ߷ˣʦֲҺһӻһߣԶĻĲݴУûӰ
ʦϵЩܹճɻҵħκãħӦԶʦȼյ֮ѾҿǵˣΪħϾҪҵǰ
һţͭǮͷϣһҧ⣬ͭǮ֮ϣ˱ͭǮͭǮһεķֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮȻٵķϰٵħȻײ˹ȥ
ΨһֶΣû취ҿ϶ûħ죬ӲͷƤС
ħĽŲһûͣļɳ߳ϰٵͭǮϵʱ򣬵ħһ־һ֣һźЩͭǮͼʮöͭǮʱ͵תìͷ߷˹
кȻæ־űͭǮ󣬿һȴԼǰĲ԰ͭǮͲҵʹˣϰٵͭǮһϣȻɸӲɡ
Ҿֵĳź˼һСˡ
ħһת֣ЩͭǮִ˼֣һΪԼҪˣͻȻʣоһųӿһҵǰͺն˹ЩԭҴͭǮʱΣЩͭǮҲһˢˢĵ˵ϡ
ҷӦһΰӰ͵ҵǰһ߳΢΢һ˿ɫĹâ죬һͣЪ
վǰˣһӰҲϳүү
үү̲סѿڶ
үүûңǶħ˵ħզ˵Ҳǳǰˣôܶһ֣ȥͲ½ϵ˳Цô
ħһүүɱס˽ŲֶЦϹϹϼ޻ҲһģһСεƭңɱôҺ޲ý̻ˣ첻ҪɱӣҪϹһɱˣҴӴ˶Ӿ
ϼ޻ħ˭ҲȲˣϷ˹ɣȴңⲻݵĹүֵ
ѵû˵ʲôթôЩһһǲܻųȥˣҲգɱСģȻȥСģʱգ⼸ʮ˾һ˰ɡ
˵Уħһ˫ۣ˫Ϻǣǿһ˫֣ͳүɱ˹
үӵûرıֻ֣ǽеĳ΢΢һΣ㷢һӭħɱ˹ȥ
˶һ𣬿ľӰۻңҲ֪ħ͵һ˫ʲô֣ȻֱӽֵӭүеĳүӵĽı۰ϵʱ򣬾Ȼ죬һ졣
үӸħƴʱҾ룬֮ǰΰƽ˵үӺ֮˶֣һˣħͣǲô˵ӣѵүӹֳģ
˶ּСͲ岻֣Ǳ㿪ʼĴѰҶʦֵӰ


464 
ʵڶʦҵǲôģϾǻޣƤǰñСձĴһҲǺ𣬸ղֻħһţӦòΣ
ֻСһﱻħһ߷֮ͲӰãȻĹˣҲûпʲôط
ŬѰʦֵӰʱͻȻмݵĿ⳯߿˹
ЩȻħ£һЩ˵Ŀ⣬Ҿ֪鲻ңǿ϶ưոݡ
ʵԴħһ֮󣬾һֱһ⣬ҪҪҵ֮зӡǹԹͷųԻһڵľơ
ԥ˺üأÿһζҪУҶסˡ
һжΪѦСǰøҵһ飬˽١
ѦС˵ÿһνеԹͷų֮Թϴˢһҵ澭һԹҵڣŶԹĴԽ࣬ͻԽԽԹѹʱһܻıҵԸұ޷Կأʱп߻ħȲѣòҪзӡԹͷųѦүӻңһʱҪȥѦҵλүӣҵзӡԹͷųһĳһЩ
һ߻ħǿǻײϣпܻںаҿɲҼүʰңɽǼϵ׻
ǿƺûа취ȣ߻ħһ·Ҫߣ֪ʲôʱ߻ħȽǰ˵
ջͭǮУ㽫зӡԹͷųʱ򣬸ղʦ׷Ĳֻļһӭɱ˹ǵٶ̫죬Ҹûʱ佫зӡԹͷųͭǮҪƴʱһӰһҵǰһûü˭ӭһɱ˹ȥ
һѱӲǱƵħˣܿҾͿǸˣүүΰƽ硣
ΰƽéɽҢ˵ĴӣСУΪʮʵˣȴΰƽѪ߰ߣڸƴʱһֱѪ֪Ǳħ˻Ǳ¸˵ġ
޴ͻԭҪɱҵĸָûзԲŻᱻƵˣǷӦֶ֮޴緢˷޴ԵЩΪˡ
ӱߵǣΰƽסҪɱҵˣǻǲħע⵽ߣգۼĹ˳ɱ˹
һǹߵģЩҲţһҧ˵˷ƴˣүģϣ꣬ҶˣҾͲ
һҾͼ˱ͭǮͭǮٵķֽ⿪ӭҳɢȥͻȻһΣһͲӰһ
ЩͭǮֱӾɢǱϣ졣
Ҿһ˭ˣǲ͵ϮΧصЩڵĶݵظô
ʱʩչʱһʵĵ˲һȻգۼĹѾڼʮ׿ˣ治֪ôڳĶҲûмӶﱻͳ
һ뵽Ȼһоĵ΢΢Щ𶯣Һǰ֪ǵæһξͳһˣҸոãϾƿһһС˴ӵһԾоͶذףžͳҴ˹
θովȣָо洫һ΢΢ĶһǰһԣòǱ
ûվСӰƵذף˹һٶ̫ˣһ񣬾ͱһؿڻһͭǮջʱ䶼ûС
ؿڴĴʹҿٵķһһǰһֱӶסҵȥ·
Ƭ֮ٴγ˹˳һǬ֮Уо˷ʬߣҵһ˹˼УϺֶܿ˼˺ۣЩм֮ʱȻ䣬ҵ߹磬εضŵæ˼
ҲЩƣܿͷӦ˹ΪɺɫСգۼĹΣΰƽһģһиűֱӽӸ
̫̫ǿˣħȫһһĸ֡


465 үүС
޴Ҳ˺ۣҲһֱע߶̬
ʹõֻ֮ǰҲʶĴײųΪһ˵һˣΪ˵٣޴ˣвһж
ԭΪԼô飬ΪҲ˳ĳǸЩһصĸȣҲ֪ԼǶôСǶôԼǿ󣬵˲һڳԸӣͣ˻꣬ʵԸЩһϸ¡
һ£ͭǮ˹Ҳս֮У޴ֻһԸ
޴ֻ޴籾һģһģֻǿЩ͸ˣֻʵҲ޴ȵģҲһ͵˵Ǳһ˲䱬һ˶ã޴ԡѪսôã˺ֻۣҲֲ˶ˡ
Խ㣬оԽǼ꣬ӽһ͹ҲЩмܡ
򲻹ֹܿʼʩһξ˵ص£ٴγֵʱ򣬱ҵĽ£ֱеذҵĽŵװ壬ɥʧս⼿׼һ굽£ҾͷߵһôǴӵصٶ֣Ӳӥ
ߴүүħǱߵսܿˣŪ˺ô죬ҿħ֪ʹõʲô˫˼Źֵ־֮б籡һźǺ˲۳һӥ״һүӾͺХȥ
үƺЩ֣ܿվӣָҲ˼־ȻȻеǽһеǰѱһâתүͻȻеıһ֮һͳǺ۳ɵӥ˹ȥ
ųһβ˼ĲҿүеĽ籡һĽתľͳǺ۳ɵӥ˹ȥ
һȥӥʱնΪء
жʱһԭүӾȻͣûƽַ˲˼һĻүնΪصֻɵӥȻֱӷѳֻСһЩү˹
ͬʱħͻȻһĴЦͻȻ˿һӱһΣͳү˹
Ҷʱ󾪣Ҳ˲ˣүүСģͳħķȥ
̫үүİΣһ㣬ݶҧˣڱүӵ;Уһҧ⣬Ĭھٴ߶˵еֱǱӡڵеԹ˳
Թͷųһ̣ҵðһŨĺɫɷںɫɷֳָһĨâұеٶȶȻӿ죬һүӻ߰׵ľ롣
үֻɺ۳ɵӥԹ˲Ͼ˵αǵħˡ
֮䣬һҪסħʱ漣ͷˣϵĻĲͻȻ賤ۿħҪүүؿĳȥһƣЩĲһ¾ͲסĽŲӣһֱӣܿͽӸסˡ
ħһ㶣ȥһ룬͵ͷԼȲȥȴҲ֪ʲô
ͬʱѾеͭǮ׷ɶͷ֮ϣòָô鷳Ĳ裬ͭǮһͷֽ˿ֿٵķ˼ʮͭǮͭǮϳħķƽһֱиĽƺƵһ֮
ȻûĲݲסħĽŲӣֻɺɫ۶ɵӥûа취סǣһֻӥүүеıնĻҷ𣬲ʣµһֻӥȴʵʵײүӵ
үӷһҽУ󵹷˳ȥǳײ˹һ֣үӽС
ʱүֹ԰׵кɫѪܲȥʮ
һӴүӵ壬ǹɺͳ˹Լ϶ŪŪɷЩ˵㲻ʲô
ħЩסֻֽ֮Ƭ̣߿˹֮ƺһ֮εľ֮ɫ϶ǿҴʱģ˵һħʱģǳֲһֻ۾Ѫһ죬һֻ۾͵ģһ׺ݣڵĺɫɷ


466 ʺħ
ħ϶ǿ˫һһ̵۾Żе֡
˳֮ΪħȻֶֻκɱ飬һħͷһ㣬ħֻӣһħͷ
ͭǮħһɲǼͱҷӵһּ£ĵݵԹܿ͵һ޷ܵĵزֻȫͷڱͭǮϣħ֮ľѾԶˣͭǮǲϵķ˾޴֮ħȻ¡
ħڶݵ֮󣬺ܿ췴Ӧ˹ٴθһźЩϵ˲ͿήۿҼӴıͭǮҪȻϵʱħܿӦԣǽżһ棬󵹷ɳȥ߰Զ˫ſٵ̤أ˫ֺϲһ𣬳ƺƴıͭǮһָǱͭǮ㱻ֱǣ˳ȥ
ħֻԱʱִ٣ûжʱǾ޴ͭǮǳŲԶһȺдȥǵطصˣǸħԼ¡
һȥ˭ûüνʬҰѪģɵʮˣһ
ǱͭǮԹ֧֮£һʱ䲻֪˶ٵͭǮʮ˲ķˣǳʮҡ
ħӦұͭǮʱѾʬ˳үſںס
ħͷųĺɫʴɷǷʬ߿ƵķΧ֮ڡ
ŷʬĩ˵Сһ˸үϵĺܿͱʬ߸ɵˣҲָԭģ
ڿˣү֮ǰ϶ˣղǿڸħƴɱҪȻô
ү֮һѾץסҵĸ첲Сš
үץҵڷڵҲÿ־ɣΪħ֮ǰӡ
û£Ҵүүӹ˷ʬߣվԹ֧֮£ѾЩԼˣ΢΢ķһɱѪڸȾңд˿ֻޱߵĳޣԺһֱڷһǱԩ˻ڷŭţɱ¾һĶһ̣رѪرϲǹͷѵ졣
ղǱͭǮײȺ֮еʱѪ׷ɵĻ棬ûɵĸеһ˷ܣʶͷһ촽ͻȻͺ볢һѪζ
һɹɵںֱײƺҪҵ壬ϵĺɫɷԽԽŨңǰһȫѪɫţһ֣Щʬ嵱еͭǮ㷢һ춯ֱӳ߷˹еʱȻһѺâҫͭǮ
ҵͭǮһһĳħķȥǹһĨ̵Цݡ
ħû˫֣վԭһһֱڵȴҡ
ߵħʮҵĵطͣʱħͻȻٺٵЦˣͻȻ˵Ϸûп㣬СӾһеĺòϣҺʺħӵһۿʱϷ;СӲ򵥡
еͭǮָħһһٵ˵㡪ȥ
ħǹһЦΪм˵СӣΪħͿϷǰߣ΢ĩı£Ϸ򻹲ῴôһӣȻϷ֮ΪͽҲܱ˱ˣձҪҵС
˵գħ˫һĺһξͳ˹ͭǮҲӭħȥһ֣Ҳ֪ħĿֲ֮ħ壬ΪֹҲħѹסˣ˫ӥץһֱ֣ӾͳҵؿץҺɣһ˫ץҵĿѣֱܹӽҵڳ
ӿɲǣҵͭǮ˫֮ϣҲ˵ֺã˫־͸һ˫һ㣬ħֵʱ㿪ʼƽµĻĲݣͼסħ˫ȣпɳ֮ħƺҲз¶ʱһźɫɷЩ賤ĻĲһ˫̱κβֺ
Ȼ䣬ħһٴαҸߴһ׶࣬һ˫צ·ɣҸסɳһţһߵҵĿѣֱӾ͵˳ȥֻؿһƣһѪ˳ȥħһΣٴγ˹


467 ҵֶ
ħһһͷͻһ㣬ƣձһ߷ɣһΣٴγ˹
ۿŷˣֱӽеͭǮħķ׷˳ȥ⽣һ֣ͷɢ˼ʮöͭǮħɢȥͭǮһɳͷּֿħ֮£ͭǮȻҪǰࡣ
ħ֮ǰʶͭǮȻСһΣڰ֮оһ־кȵУתƣ
һ֮ǸոշĽٴεת˷򣬳һԴ˹ȥȻ̧ͷȥʱеȻħȻͭǮĽҼүӵķǣ˹ȥ
үӱҵͭǮˣұǴ治ˡ
Һܿ췭ǿпͭǮķٴƫƣһԵ˹ȥ
һžı죬ǰһƬСֿɾˣʱ߰˿ôȻء
ҿסͭǮʱħٴΰεض𣬳Ѹ͵˹
һУħ壬ǸħʵԶӲƴĻһô̲Һܿ췭𣬴ϵǬһҼϴǰéɽ壬һһζéɽ壬éɽ巢һöĶ죬СǼΪѶڷӶӵĻ쳣
һ߻ζéɽ壬һĬŲٿéɽĿھ
ھһѪսص˻һصˣս˲٣Ϊǣħ壬ȫЩʬ廹㽡ȫȫɽʬһͬԸħ
һéɽ죬ħƺЩ̿ˣβϵļӿ죬ܿ͵ҵ󣬻һֻӥץͳҵĺץҴ˿ȫĲٿéɽ壬ҲûʱħħٶѸޱȣҪɱѿ׶Ρ
ҲܷҪڵϵʬȫɺëʬһⷽʵΪʤ
͵ħӥץץҵĺĵʱһɢɫâĳն˹ħջ֣һ
һͷүүǰѱӭжħȥ·
үӿһͷҲص˵СţӦ飬Ⱥа˳ҵֶΣ
ʱҼүݺɳɱնħǺεȵĺéɽһΣʬͿԻĽʬȻҼħ壬ҲҼүʮ֮һֻЩʬΪͨĺëʬ
һͷʱ򣬵үӲ˵壬ٴβסħȡʱ䣬һҪס
нٴλζéɽ壬һ޾Թȫע뵽еéɽ֮С
Ȼ䣬éɽ巢ͻȻһЩƺԹ߶Եʣéɽ֮ϾȻɢһŵĺں֮нâת
Ƭ֮վĵطɵļʬͿʼ˷Ӧ΢΢ζһȫǹ˵һ㣬ȻЩʬȻʹӵ֮ϵһָһ˲ͳʮףȻЩʬıһЩɫëԽԽһ˫۾նľ
Ҹļʬ嶼˺ëʬԶЩʬҲ̴ӵϵʱ䣬˷˵Ҳʮʬ巢ʬ䡣
طѾжٶʬ壬ħʱ򣬷߶֮еԹеʬ嶼ɺëʬһΪ̫һЩүүǰ㣬ôʬһȫʬ
Ѿˣʮߺëʬڵļޡ
ЩëʬվʱϵĺɫɷȻĵ̫ԵʣһҵӾ࣬ЩԹ֧䡣
ҺܿЩëʬ´ָǷɢɱЩħ
˵ëʬˣͨʬѵһЩһص߽Ͻڿһ³ôëʬһҲŵɫ䡣
֪˭һëʬԭƴ˫ʱͣеĶܱĺëʬֵĿȥ
Щħ£صҲһĿ־壬ëʬĳ֣˾޴ľ֮УǶԷĶ
ڶݵ֮һĲҽУսٴδ죬Ϊһߺëʬһһصϣһ죬ͽ˲ϵ⳶һ飬Ƕ¶˳


468 ѪȾɽ
ԽԽĺëʬһصˣص˺ܿ˹ЩëʬԼһԮ
صԭѾ˾Ԯ˴룬ͻıʣʱصȺܣʿǣЩ˻˻ȸԾ졣
һ죬ǧʬѪȾɽ֡
ЩһصƺЩܲˣԭĺúõģصγѹԵƣðôɱĺëʬܲľ
ЩëʬȻˣǿͭƤǣǹ룬÷ѹƣҪȻֻܵűëʬҧ
ëʬĳ֣ħҡ
ѾЩ˿ͷתҪˣʱȴħһȣɽҰһǿɱ
ôģ˭ҪǸӣӻȥǽж˿鲻ɣ
ħһŭȻЩֶεģڷŵʨӺɽ֮صϢħ˻УҲһЩζǾħҲоˣȥԭҪȫЩص϶ǲܵˡ
Ϊһصһϣ˵϶ǹõģֻħͷ֪˵϶ܹɱ˾͸ֻһףҲɱԼ۾գһµģɱϣĺǸĽɫ
ǺŲĵҪЩһصװݷǾֻħʬ
ҽ󲿷ֺëʬɢ֮󣬻ʮߺëʬߣһֻͭǮһֻéɽ壬Щëʬͳħķ˹ȥ
Ȼ͵ħķ򱼵ʱ򣬰·ͻȻɱ˼ħ£һʼԸҵǼˣҵǰ档
ǲΪǰǸһ֪ôģסһʱ䣬ħҼүӡ
ڵˣһŴĺӽһʹĸһصұ˹
Цһ΢΢鶯үģСүһӻûطղű׷ĴӣҲǳΣĸоҪɱϼˣеͭǮѾ缢ƿˡ
ҸǷϻʮëʬվԭزԼǰͭǮӭǼһصɱ˹ȥ
ҵĵȽ⣬ԴԴϵ֮ģʱ̱ųǿսƬ̵ĴϢȻٴðһŵĺԹٴαȼٴԩɱ¾ɣɱ¾ɣֻѪܸƽеԹޣֻйǧĹ¼š
һ᳤֣磬һ˫۾עǣڿżֻ׵ĸ
ͭǮңգۼ͸ײһõСéɽԪȭûеʱֻһźͨȭŹ򣬵֮ͲһˣŸоô֮ʱħ壬ٴŹٶȻȶյʮлһصĸ֣Ҳǻ磬졣
ͬĹڲͬʱãȻ˱֮ʮЧɼÿһֻҪ˼£ҲΪɱ˼
ڶĺɫɷԽԽ࣬ҵٶȺҲԽԽ죬Ȼһصĸûм֮
Ȼ䣬һ޴ҵ˹һΣͨͨ˽µĻĲݣЩĲݱ޼ɵһ¾ͲסǺӵ˫ȣһͳǺӵĲն˹ȥǺϲ֪Լ˫ѾϢıĲݸסˣҪ㿪һʱ򣬲ŷ˫Ÿܶˡ
ֻһ֮䣬ҵĽľͿǸӵĲϣһ˶ͷ­һǻѪһմһȵġ
ͷһǵѪģζ治
Цһųһɱ˹ȥǸ˿Ҵ˿̵ӣ˸˻ֲ̿ɫǻеҴ˹
ͭǮȥӣȻ䷢ͭǮϺâ˸صײһǺе㱻ķ˳ȥ˫֮ϻڱ˺ѣѪֱӦеͭǮǰһֱͣĿѣȻȻתֱӽ˵ˣǺӵһ˫Ŀ۾Ȼء
һɱˣҲʮĹʣµӸ˼ȫǲ˼ɫ


469 ǿ
Ǿֵ񣬱Ҹ֮µԴȪ
ҵĿ־Խǵڽ١
ЦһٴͭǮʣɱ˹ȥ
˱˴˿һۣһ˶ݺݵ˵һϣСӣ
˵գСӾһѶǹɱ˹˽Ҳɱ˹
ЦһսеͭǮҲӭ˱˹ȥ
Ҷ£ڱɱʲôµأ
һѪԹ֧£ҾһҪɱ¾ڸȾңһ̣ҵ۾ֱעϵҪȻǲһеĳǳȥÿһȥҶҪѪĳ档
ǰһѶǹҵĿѴ˹ҵĽҲĺ˹ȥȫȻԼİΣһƴĴ򷨡
ǸŶǹļһ˲ͱƸŵˣæһԴ˳Ҳ뽫ǹȥһжˣҵĽֻ΢ıһ¹켣ôΪҪȴͨƵĻĲݸϢĲסˣǿûħǸ£ȷֶߵʱΪʱ溮âɨһ˶ͷ­ȻȻ¡
ʣ˼һ֮ھͽǸŶǹĸ֣ٸҶԵˣһ˾ֵĺһħͷȻתܡ
ܳȥûмͱϷ賤ĻĲݸס˽ŲӣеķʼնϲϻĲݣæҵʱеͭǮѾ׷˳ȥ˲ͷֽ˿òŷͭǮǼʮöͭǮͳǺɨ˹ȥٶʵ̫ˣǷӦʱÿ϶ʮѪѪ˳ؿڲͣʣ˵һ˫Ŀ۾Ӿĵȥ
һɱˣгȻޱȣҿһ۱ħƵĲ˵үӣȴ룬ħڵˡ
еéɽһΣʮߺëʬңͳħ˹ȥ
ҵĵүүһɣͷһʮߺëʬҲһүӸ˵ڵУҲֻüʬʬһӾʮʬ˺ëʬȫϡ
үӲеͭǮһӣͳħɱ˹ȥʮߺëʬ˲ͽħΧס˷ŭ֮
ëʬצ͵ľͳħץȥôĺëʬΧסħ治ɫϼһԵУ˳ȥϺڣһ¾ץסëʬţЩΧ£ĺëʬ˹ȥײеĺëʬħͬ׾ٵľͱ˳ȥҷ˺üëʬȻߺëʬٴεʱͻȻ͸ı˷򣬳ĺëʬ˹ȥ
ħֶιǹ찡ƺͨĳطһ⣬ȻתЩڶתƣéɽƵĺëʬȻסˡ
ˣЩңŲħ˫ִЩëʬǻͭǮͳɱ˹ȥͬʱүǰɫĳҲһħƴ
Һүү֣ܿסȨټΧʮߺëʬܿͽħġ
Сšүսħɱϲ֪մȾ˶޹֮˵ѪѪծۣǱѪծѪ
ɱɱɱ
ɱ¾֮ǿʢǽеһǰδеĸ߶ȣéɽԪȭҲƵħǲˡ
ħȷʵ׺ЩΧ£ĺëʬͽӣӣ޲Ǳ׾ٵĴ˳ȥ
ҸүүҧסħŵʱȻ䣬һɫӰͳ˲ԶĲݴ֮С
ǱǱħǰ߷ɳȥĶʦ֡
Сһĺܣ֪ԵвħĶ֣Ǳ˲ݴ֮Уһһ߿һ϶ڱʲôУҪ͵Ϯħ
ŶʦһһĿб˼ƽϣһҪǶʦּ룬Ǳǿ֣ټЩëʬħƾͶסˡ
ħҲǱǱƵЩջˣ߷ߺëʬ֮Ҳ󵹷ɳȥһξ룬˫һͶ˴У˫֮ڳźܿ۳һ𣬻ûһ޴ĺɫӥͳҺү˹ȻħŴеʱ򣬶ʦͻȻͳħ߰׵ĵطʦֳ߿һۣһ˫۾գ£һſڣһűƽʱԴһĻͳħƮ˹


470 ˫
ʦ³С磬ֿһħֻŷųǸУƺûע⵽ʦֵĳ֣ʦ³С绺ľͳħˡ
ʦƺŽٶȣСĵĿħľ
ħúɫɷ۳һֻ͵ӥֱӳҺүү˹үӿһµҵǰ棬ǰһֵǰ棬һѽʬߴǬ˳ʬ߸һó߶ĩ˵С;ҵ˸
һʼҾͿ˳ħһааȿֿɱˣǾվаӲʬܿƵķΧ֮ڡ
ԣħٴĺɫɷ۳һֻӥʱҾ뵽˷ʬߣһ³ֻɫľӥ˹ȥǺɫӥʬߵʱ򣬵һǹӰԵľͷʧˣһ˫޴Ҫѷʬߵ֮Ϊʱŷʬĩ˵Сҵ˸ֻɫľӥ㻯һźɫɷɽ˷ʬ֮ڡ
ħ龰ʱңղѾֻɺɫɷɵľӥʬߵƿأƾٴı£ҲԸǧķʬ⣬ֻɺɫɷ۵ľӥջǱʬȫɵˡ
ǻУ͵ɫӥʬɵʱ򣬶ʦ³ŻҲħҺүӸŷҲħһεɱȥͬһʱ̣ҺүүԾеıħؿڴ˹ȥ
ħոʹʧǺɫӥŭҺүүŷ˹˺˫ֱ֣ץסүүı
ħץסеĽʱССĻѾƮħ󣬻󱳴תһȦ
ҳħ΢΢һЦħЦԵЩ죬ΪʲôҪЦħҾĿ֮УĿһССĻһӾײĺ֮ϣֻ˲ĹħǵͷһͰͱȼˣ䡱һͱһǻ˳ץǽе˫ֱӴ˹һֱӵ˽
ħһЪ˹Ĳҽһž޴ĻŰΪ޴ʹ࣬ɿҺүеĽȼ˲䣬ͭǮֱһƳؿ˹ȥ
һұãӿݿ࣬صĻħĿѣҵؿѵʱ˹ͷѵ죬Ȼħһ⾶ֱ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ
ħҵڵ˼£ͻȻû˶
Һүӱ˴˶һۣΪħǱʦϵˣ룬ħͻȻٴڳһźɫɷЩĻһ˲Ϩˡ
Ȼħӵվϻð̣Ʈɢһⱻսζ
ʱħȥ쳣ֲϵƤⶼսˣԭһҲչˣֻһ˫۾Ǻڰ׷ģݺݵĳҺүүһۣŭ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ
˵仰֮ħ˫һͻȻ۳źɫȻһҺүүע֮£ķĺëʬȻ˫һ̤أͻȻڿնֱӹǵͷЩŽɫ׵˷˹ȥĹЩŽɫ׵ѾǸСɸסˣûأֻһ֮䣬ץ˱˹ĵСɾͳɽȵľͷ˹ȥ
Һүү˳ħˣڰյеʱһҡһεģʱҪӡ
ħȻ˫кȻ׾ʲôҷӦʱħѾץ˱ڿն𣬳ɽȵľͷɵԶˡ
һⲻаò׽ħͷ˳ӣܾˣһˣǺȻҪٴҺүӵ鷳
ͭǮͳħɳķ׷˹ȥ׷ûүͻȻҵĿһſھ³һѪĭӣȻЩĸ˵Сš׷ˣѾ׷ˡ
үס˽Ųͷʱ򣬷үѾ˵ϣɫȲ԰ףæ˹ȥе˵үүû¶ɣ
ү̧ͷһۣЩӣһǵѪ˵û¶ֻЩˡ


471 Ͼ
үӵӲо˺صˣɫҰ׵ĶûѪɫˡ
ȥ׷ħһǷˣߵүүߣ
ү̧ͷһۣǿһ˫۾ɵ̾Ϣһʮǡ
ħԺЩʱͷ˶ˣﻹʲô壿
ħҲʼɢӣصһƣҲû׷ᣬһΧħûеóԸٶ֣һ󲿷ֶʬмʮ²ˣص˸סˣһȫ˵ϣԽһԡ
ЩëʬʧȥĿ꣬ԭȥģʮˣүӿЩëʬһۣ˵СšЩëʬͣɡ
Ӧһζһеéɽ壬ٴηһö죬Щʬʧȥéɽǣһɵ˵ϣûκ
ս֮ƬɽĿ꣬ĴƮɢһ̣ǶǱղŵ׻֮ɵģϻż޴ӡ
֮⣬ܻƮɢһŨŨѪζ֮䣬͸о˿˿ģһζ
ҲүӸովûжãɽǼϵͳ˹
ͷһϵ׷ͯգһǸ֣˿̿ϵҲЩȻ֮ƣߵүӵߣǿһ˵ֳħˣȻԺҪСˡ
үӿĻһ˵ζлϾɽҪȻҲǺɣϷΪԺõĵطܿڱǡ
ϵ΢΢ף˵ħǵӦ֮£ֳ̫ˡ
˵Уϵͳ߿˹ֳ֮һ˿֮ɫҸûзʱϵһξ͵ҵߣȻ̧һƣͳҵؿڴҼǱ̧ܵһֻȥУֻϵͻȻ仯ΪצһӾץסҵӣҷӦļϵҲͻȻҵߣֱץסҵĸ첲ֻƾҵؿںͺ󱳡
Ҳ֪ЩϵڸʲôãͻȻһɱ㺣ԭѾЩ£ĺɫɷٴδڶȻ䷢һǼϵ𿪣Ǽϵڹӿһȵ澭ҵĵ£һʼүү˵Ǹϵٵָҵﲿλʹ˼£һɾ޴ʹϮʱһһϺ״Ȼһ˲һƬհףоȫĺɫɷ˲£Ҳŵλþۼ
ʼգүӶԱߣûҪֹ˼
Լ֮Щϵɿ˫֣ҸоȫĵȥֱܿүүһѸ
ЩգҪ˵үӱСţл̫ˡ
һ㶣ЩãȻûſ˵
үӱЩõ˵ħ壬ɷڣҪ̫˳֣ʱ߻ħھ㡣
˹ħʱ˼άǱһԹ֧ţǰ̫óȻ֣סңҪҵҲô׵顣
ȷʵΪҺãұͿĸ̫һ񣬹˵ݼ̫ˡ
̫һЦҵСӣҪ˴˴Щ˿¶Ҫħ֮˵УҲǾһǾǳƽˡ
һ£ϵɫ֮;Ҫ̤ʵصĺãԹȻΪǷ֮ȴҪΪ֮ɡ
˵գϵҡͷ̾Ϣһүһ֣ļϵƮȻȥ
ҺүĿǼԶȥϸһԭ˵ĶȴзֱӦþȥϵʬ
һν˺ɣ⼸ϵûǰǽ׵ǰĿνǾΪˡ
ĿԶȥߵүӵүү⼸λ˭
үү̾Ϣһ˵ǱǽϺպϾӣͷλɽƽ̫ˣһүүϾӳɽûλˣϾӳӣϷǷɽôһ顣
ϾԶȥıӰҲɵȻ𾴣ĵʿ


472 
Ѷħһֲ߻ķصǱһָƻˣصûȫ߲˵˽˵ʬν˷۱ǵҪĿĺ񲢲صϣǺĸеǸСɡ
ħʦ³գճ˲˹ĹȻֱؿںݺݵĴһƣˣּߣȻ߳彭ʮа̴У뻹Щ˼飬ʵѾˣȷʵħˡ
ǲզ˵ħҲʵĿģСɸˣȻҲ֪СΪʲôվʲô¾ˡ
ԭĴеңһӣа̴ħˣԺеˡ
Щͷۡ
ղԹͷ˳һʹ򣬱ϾӽԹٴηӡ֮󣬱Щ¶ЩģҺүүϾ֮ΰƽһ˵峯˹
ղŵǳսΰƽҲ˲ᣬ˺ۣɫЩҰס
޴Ѿˣߵߣһ仰û˵ֻЩζҵļǹһ˿ȻЦ⣬һμ޴ʱҾ͸оЩмһˣʱܾҾǸƿʲôһӣǾһĹ⾰ʮĳҲǴһĿõģΰƽҵ̬Ⱦȫһˡ
һΣҪҳֵĻصϾӺпܱȫû
ΰƽǸүӻ㱨һεȻ˵ЩһЩ飬˾ģүɫԵľȻԸΰƽͰĴһֳ顣
ЩæˣүӲΪʲôħһ
˵Ǻû˵ˣҽڻĴħһһʮĸүү˵һ飬Բ˵Ҫǵʱһ飬ðʬŵͽԬĻ鷳ɾʹˣڹʬ嶼ѾʼˣүүľҲΪһ亹
Ȼүӱǳһ٣˵һҲҲƫǲҪԴ֡
үӷһγû죬֪Ҳ˵ʲô
ү΢Ҳħʲô·Ϊʲôôص˻ҪԸɣүӵǱʲô˸˳ģ
үӼ˴£ɫһصǰҲ֪ҲǰٶǰỊ̇ү˰֮ܶ󣬰ȫֶûбһս֮󣬽ϴƣǰشɵĸҲʽĩʱںܶĵЩֵȥҲʧˣͱǽ쿴Ͼӣڽ׵Ĵ˵ǾΪˣǰٶǰɽһλ޵ӵˣƾһˣԽŵףڸΪİ״Ҳ
һ£үӼ˵ʱɾܵشԵϢǰ̲ûȫֻܶ汻𣬰̵Ĵ󲿷ָ߲ҲүɱԪˣһս֮˫սүʦӲʽǷǣֱһϵе飬峯Ʈҡǿ׷׹Ϸй֮ݻսʱɽɽţܵʱ򣬰̳ңٴȻ𣬶үүͻȻ԰̽˴ѹ˲ٵʱĸ֣һֱйһг䶨֮үүҲ
ʱ꣬ƮҡʱͻȻֻһֽһص˴죬бʢһʱΪǿʢʱѾﵽ˺͹ĵزҪй£ô䣬̻ǰỊ̇ҰĲĴܹǰһ㣬ǸħһصĴ֮һȸϣʮأȷе˵Ӧòˡ
ү˵ҳһʵүүħˣѵǹɣ
үүҡҡͷ˵ǹһ˶˵㻯ǣıӦһֻҲʮֵ˶꣬˲ٶ£ħ֮⣬һصڻ䡢Ͱ׻ϣֱڻĴصĸλϷһ֮أ䳤ϵİ㣬ˣŻ˵ġ
ٴεһǶһصһЩ˽⣬лʣʵүүһصܶ˭


473 
£үͻȻ̧ͷһۣҡҡͷ˵Դүһټʮǰɱ˰̵֮ܶ󣬾һֱȺ׵ľأҲ˵ڵһصûܶ
үһ˵һ㶣Щŵ˵үүôܣȺףһصڻôû쵼ǣҪһɢɳ
үֵһصȻûܶȴһƾһûѳһص˻ʮأû˼ǵıĿû֪ʲôط־Ѿά˽һˣһ֮ڣһصȻ׳գչ㾳أƽ˾ʵӿΣķҪȻҲصţרŶԸһصаĽɣڵĽͲǰˣɽŽգ£˼ɻ֧һЩּص飬һЩСɣĸҸһص֯ԣܹ̤ʵеж٣һΨͼ굽ǮеֱӶ˷羰ʥصǮڣʵ˺հ
үү˵ҲͦζģĲţ̬һǮᣬܹǱеʵ̫ˣĩʱҵı¶ʧˣؼ̫ƽʢɱ˳ǷծǮѧôҲɲ̫óϰһЩٵԣŪЩǮ
Щаˣ޼ɵͨһЩаǮҲ죬аһȽ٣Ϊɶа̵иڶ࣬ʿһЩʹһЩģһĵӣΪһ㡣
ҺүүһɽȵĲоֶʰĲˣֹ˴ԼСʱĹ⾰һص˸սЩ˵ʬ嶼ˣҲЩа˵ʬ壬һװ˴ʵŪߵɢʬ壬ֱӾ͵һӸˡ
һطһЩŰ״ӵҽ˵ˣиͷֱߵүӵ߸סҡͷ̾Ϣ˵Ⱑ˿ǲᣬϼˣ¼ԺɵúúõһãȥͿˡ
үֻҡͷ΢Ц˵Լõĺܣôġ
үˣҲЩζүӱæĲɿһ鷳;εĺܡ
ϵĵ˵Ĳأл˼ӣҵڳˣѪԼѾˣһġ
ͷүү˵ʱͻȻ˶ʦ֣Сһ͵Ϯħ֮ͲӰҲ֪ܵȥˣкҴ
һƬæµȥ֮дѰŶʦֵӰǰ˴Լ׵ľ룬ͻȻΧһȺˣڿʲô֡
Ⱥö˶˵ЦԼ˵ѽǸʲôĺְҰЩǱӡԡէһЩϻðģ
Сͦܳ԰ôһ鶫ôһͳһС룬ҲûӴ
С򵥰ǷӦǸޡ
˵ţһ¾˳ⲻ˵Ķʦô
ҼȺ֮УܿͿ˶ʦ֣ʱҿһҿЦõĳʱĶʦƨɣڳʲôҳԵĺܴһ߳һ߲ͣҡβͣȫΧ۵Ⱥ
Щصȴʦָе棬߽˼Сƺ±ĳԵƵģ﷢һصƺһ˫۾ǣʦֱ𿴸ͷСһƣЩصĸ֣ڶʦֵв֮£Ҳ̫
ȺԶˣʦֲԹԵĳԣԵǽһʵ
ҳŶʦ߽һʦֳԵһɢźĶǶ״򣬸ôһɿƵģֻĺ͸һɺǲϢ
鶫ԭӦñȽϴ󣬵Ǳʦֳ࣬ʣϴǰСҴչȥһţŵһѪ֮
öʦѾܽˣСֻųԣûзվĺ棬һ߳һ߻вƵĵͺ
ȥֻųԣ˶ϵˣ
һ˰ƣŶʦֵƨϴһ¡
ʦһתӣŭĿӣʦһתʱ򣬷ңһɫ䣬һֺƵݣգ۾ٴתȥר־ĳǰһʳ


474 ĸʬ
˵ʵŶʦֳԵһѶһֵֹֹĸоֹʦּԣǿԵôҲЩ²ȥ֡
ʱһתͷͿվȺеΰƽһֻ°ͣ˼ĿŶʦֳԶұ˹ȥ˵޴磬һѸƵĶʲô
ΰƽһ㶣ܿع΢΢һЦ˵㲻֪
ҡҡͷһãȻ
ղСûϾǺĸôѶǺĸʬ̺ĴĶղ㽫ѶŽⷿ棬Сͳ̻ʣǰһߣϾð˻磬ҺһСϵðĻ棬֮ûǰˣͷΪھˣûûˣһʣඡΰƽЩԹ˵
ȥĸǧеվʬȻδͣҲ˲õϹħʬ壬Ҳ̺Ŵıôʦָˡ
һԾĿɿڴ
ʱΰƽһҵļС˵СšʵңСİɣģ
ΰƽԼˣҲûʲôģ±㽫ϴȥ͵˰򵥵ĸ˵һ飬ΰƽüͷ˵һʼҲʦ֣ҽҢ˱ܵʱΰƽЩϧˣ̾Ϣһ˵ʦ˼һǿͽܰĻҪԼŶãҪҲԸҰȻ͸ˣСǼһˣޣȫԺ߰ղħȫŻǲǾǱС͵Ϯģ
Ҳÿɷĵ˵ͷЩ⣬һʼʱҾöʦȷʵǸ׸ƨƵģرܳԣҶˣദһʱľöʦֵĺôˣǼһˡ
ΰƽһҡͷ̾Ϣָ͵͵˵СţȻСĳ¶Ҿ͵ûҪүӹɵҶŵǸɨֳģĸʬˣɲǸС¶
֪ΰƽҲΪҺãͷΰƽһǧл
ʦܳԣǺֳ˰СʱĹ⾰ǶѺĸʬͱʦֳԵһɶһΣҳĿʦֵĶƤһƤһ㣬Ա˶ʦ֣ҡҡλΣ߲ˣòŲҵߣһΣ˸ſҵĽű˯ˣһ취ûС
ʦֱоȷʵࡣ
ôһ̯оҪٽҲ֪ʦֶԵʲôط
ȶʦֳԱ֮ɽҲ׵ˣүүһкҸһߡ
һɽ·ײײߣطһƬߣŴ·ͦԶһֱ˺üСʱߵ·ߵʱ춼Ѿ
·ͣҺүүΰƽһܿ񳵣ӾͳŴ·ɳ۶ȥ
үүأټƣ͹ȣһ˳˯ˡ
Һΰƽ˼䣬ţΰƽҲ˯ˡ
ʦԴ˺ĸʬ֮һֱڳ˯Ǻ죬Ҫΰƽ
һͷ
ȻҲƣһֱڿ״̬˯š
ԣһֱǺĸɵ飬һĸʱ򣬻ǰ֮ǰҺѦС·ǼҼվʱ򣬰ҹʱǺĸֽǮȥվ̣ҺѦС
һûףǺĸ˸ߵĵУʱΪʲôûɱҺѦСأ
ȥ̵飬ҵЩüĿӦʵţȥιʳõСɵģĸզ˵Ҳһ߽ʬɰͰ͵ģӦò̵ġ
һ룬Ǿܡ
ĸ飬ʱֻҺѦС֪һصϳ֮󣬲ŽүүүүʱҲ
ҲǻˣħôõĸɵϢأ
ҺѦС߿϶Ὣ˵ġ
Ҹ߹үүħ֪飬ӦүүǱ©˷Ҳ˵үүǱ߿ħǱߵڼ飬ʮء
뵽бһЩȲҪүү飬ǵҿүүʱ˯ĺ㣬˶ϣͷְ˲٣Щ걼µ϶˲٣үүӣЩĽ飬ǵǵŵ֮ɡ


475 
һ·ڳϣﱧһֱ׵Ķʦ֣ƺܵ˶ʦֵӰ죬ںϣȻҲ֪˯˹ȥ
ʱ򣬷ѾһİĳУŴ⿴һۣͷ㣬ʱ֡
ǵǴǱʱŸոҲ˵ǵĳʻ߸Сʱˡ
˯ۣһĹƣ֪ǵ˽ǸʡУʮַеһˡ
תͷӺȥʱ򣬷ԭǼʮûӰҲ֪ȥ֪ʲôʱֿġ
һδսصʧأٶˣ»ǽԴ˿ϣһصЩɱ˾ݡ
үӺΰƽڳ˯ʦһ˯һ㡣
˾һԲҲ֪ὫǴʲôط֮ԺڳϣԴſգʲôûȥ롣
ڽʻ˰СʱĹ⾰㿪һشԺͣ
үӺΰƽԼͬ˹Ȼ˳
Ҳ֪λղǲװ˯ѵĿ졣
Ҹ˳֮󣬾ͿǴԺ֮еͻȻһˣҲɽװӦҲصˣүӺΰƽ֮һľӭһһֳǽһС
ЩɽװӦþǽصĸˣרųӭүүģΪһʡУطصļӦøսļ࣬үүһĸˣϽüʡݣӦһܴ쵼ˡ
ǺѣҲȥͱŶʦһԴš
֮ͻȻһ˵ĿͿүүֳ˿ĺֳܸܰߵˣ϶ͨˣֳǽһ𣿡
̧ͷһˣһŹŨüۣȲͿȥиʮ꣬һǸ쵼ģ
үүҲû˵ɶֻ˵ӣҳʶһ¡
һүү˵Ǹ˱ɫ֣صߵҵߣ֣˵СӣãҽиĳصĸˣԺ˽ǵԼˣǧҪĳǡ
Ȼ˼˿Ҳܵڳһֻ֣Ǹĳһ¡
û뵽ǣ˸ֵʱͻȻзһϸ΢ĞŸбִͨﵽҵͨ˵Ļ϶оһ¾;쳣̽ҵΪ
μ棬̽ңҸо̫òˣܿͽֳ˻ɫҲЩ̫ÿ
ǸĳȴЦǽųӣССͣⷬΪԺȻǰ;
ǳһܻ̽Ϊ飬ܾò̹ڹάҡ
һ˳¥Һүүһ俴ЩҽԺػȥ֮󣬱ҽүүҼ壬ϵһأҲϵˣϵ˿ϴһ£»һɴ
үǱ߾ͱȽ鷳ˣһʼҽҽүүϵƶֻҡͷ̾Ϣ˼ҵȷ˵ĺء
һʿݳ󹬵ס֣һļ⣬үү·֮ҲźȻ֣үүؿλóһӡҶѾˣǱ̹һ㣬ҿӡʱ򣬲֪үү˵жء
Ǹ󹬵ĵŽˣүүؿڵӡʱ򣬵ѿڶǴ˵ƣ
үүÿɷĵ˵ͷ
ǻɫ䣬ֵƵˣÿ쵽ҹﶼһһʹ࣬ʹ裬ֳϵ˿аˣһ֮ڲƶγĻ˿϶ǻˣôصôģ
үүȴܹЦĳ˵֮أ䳤ϵİ㣬һƱ䳤ǸڹĵģڻҲвҽߣʱϷƶѹȥڹһֱûиƶЩˣƶٴηˡ
үү˵ұͷһᣬ˹ȥЩԹ˵үүôصˣΪʲôңǻʲôȥҶȶãѦλүӣһа취ҽεġ
ӣүүкܶ๤ҪЩ鲻ô򵥣ħļƻȻʧˣֻСɣүүҪִ֣ʱѲүүٳ죬ȿ˻飬үүȥҶҲ١


476 ϥ̸
ܵô࣬صЩҿɹܲţֻ֪ҾôһүүصôأΪɶһ˼˳Ҳû˹ܡ
ҾȰүӸϽ뿪ȥҶȣүһʼͬ⣬ĥӲݣ֮£үջͬ⽫齻һ£һȥҶѦҵˡ
ȻӦҲͰˡ
Ǹ֮үһүӶϱŵĶʦͦģʱҴڤ֮ػʱ򣬲ûиҽʦִ飬үүһ۾ϳˣС޵ļһǻ֮е޻ޡ
ڶʦֵ飬үҲûж˵ֻ˵ӦôطǼȻˣһҪտСһҪǳʲô
ҵͷʾӦʡ
Ȼү˹ϵһ飬֪ڤ֮ص﷢飬ʬԩȻԹתƵҵϣһԹʱϻڳһźɫɷ
һ⣬ؼǳڵЩɫɷ֮⣬һɫϢƣ⵽ʲôүӻҸħֵʱһֻ۾ɫģһֻ۾ǺɫģֲһǿϢ
˲˵үֲˣҽϴθѦСǻҰɽ֮ǧ껱ʱָүӼ˵һ飬ҺͶʦһͬǧϻڵʱ򣬵ʱı쳣𾪡
ү˵ĩʱȻܳǧǸϡ飬ؼҺͶʦֻǧڵˡ
ͬСɣǧ껱ڵǸöֻڵΪ޷ǧϻڵȫ⣬ΪΪǧ껱ڵڷֽ⿪뵤֮УʱΪһκܴ
үӲ˵Ҷǧ껱ڵҲоǳˣһҽԹʱͬʱҲ߱һܹͨеֲ룬Ǳᰴ˵ȥȻԶԵУ뵽ǧ껱ڵȫ⿪ʱˡ
ԴӽǱϴڸ֮ʱˣүһֱæٹעߵ飬Ҳû뵽ô鷢ҵϣһжǴҲǶҵսȻүүû˵УҲܿҵĿ϶
̶̵Ĳʱ⣬е·ԽԽеĽǶǿĵġ
ϣҸħһܣ룬ҶЩ˼飬߳Ƶħа̴УȻƸˡ
һΣҸүӴϥ̸˵˺ܶ࣬ҲһЩз飬ǳ
˺үӵɫȻٴζңλȥ֮һҪѦҵλүӣҵзӡԹͷųǧ껱ڵȫ
˵ʵԹоͦõģؼʱ̻ܸҰϴæһΣҪҽԹүָɷħǺ롣
ߣԴǧ껱һֵڵ֮󣬸оǹڵƺܹԹɢںһศɣǿںһʱҵ˼άûôͱԹ֧䣬ǧ껱ڵһֱǣǹԹάҵıĲ䡣
ȻһжҵĲ룬ֻĿǰ˵һ뽫ڵԹȡ
ҵǺǵĽӦ
ʱүƣȥ˻ǵһεУԾԼȥˣǴ˲Ǯ
ʦһֱڻ˯˯ĸһҾͽǼ䲡
үү˵ʦΪ̵ǺĸʬԵʣͨҪҪһʱ䡣
ڽҲ죬ֻǴһ⳵˾ȥһЩĵطڷһȦһػӵķ羰ο˵طϵķ羰һЩСػһǱһȤ
ӷִȥɽ羰һ·֮ϣ۵ʮģЩЩûеģʱִ̫٣ֻɽ÷ɽһȦѾҴ򳵻صǼ䲡ʱһߵſڣ֮дһЩѹֵʹһæƿ˽ȥ


477 ƶ
߽ȥһʱŵһĻүүؿڣ죬ղʹǴүӿзġ
һˣæ˹ȥһץסүүĸ첲ָһүү壬ʱæɿ˫֣үүĸ첲ָ̣֮ķ̣Ǹ£ҵָһȥ͸оһҪտˮ¶ҲҪи߰ʮȣܹȳһܿס
үүʮʹ࣬ɫǹعϵĺˮȫ·͸ˣ϶Ưһ㵭⺹ˮûüֱˡ
үүүүôˣ
ҾʧĺţȻүүʹĸ޷شҵ⡣
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǻˣæ⣬
Ƭ֮󣬴ȵľͷһŴˣΰƽһŵ˳ҷʲô顣
ΰƽͽӣΰƽһүүӣɫĸأοҲҪţϾȥˡ
Ҵ￴үүȹϵϣΰƽѾ˳ȥ
ͻȻǽϹſյֱӽյ¶ȣȻˮүү˼裬ִ˱䣬б飬Ҳһ˳үүϡ
˴Լӣүү΢һЩֻЩûжþͿʼڻˡ
ˮүүѵ˵һ
ôߵ¶ȣˮֶˣصˮæ˱ˮ˸ӣүүһ߰ƿȪˮҲԻϵʹࡣ
ֹһͻȻ˼ˣΪ׵ǽصĸˣǸĳ쵼һүүӣæкߵļˣֱץסүүӣǸĳָүүϼѨλ͵˼£үүһΣͻ˹ȥ
æǰʵүүôˣ
ġֳϵƵƶˣֹֻϵĺɢһ˹Կƣάһʱ䡣ĳ͵
һЩĵһүү֣˵үүϵ¶Ѿʼ½ˣתһͷһ۸ĳ˵лˡ
ֳǸĳĶͷ˾ΪҲͣͿ๦ߣҲúúϢһʱˡĳһ˵
ֵ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ΰƽĴ֮¼Ҵҵĸ˹˵ߵүӵߣüͷһ⿪¡
ţ˾ʹһҩӣóһûһ£ͷүүĺ֮ϣԼĪ˴Լʮ֮󣬻˲ŽЩүүϰʱүүĺ֮ѾһƬϺɫóһСɵذףڻϿ£㳯үүϴȥÿһȥЩϺɫԲȦ֮оͻʳһЩɫŨѪҺøɾ֮󣬱ָүӴ·
̾ϢһһʰЩþߣһ˵ֳƶѾҪθˣƶֻʱһƶγⶾɻ᲻ϵɣʮʹƷ˶ûнƶķӣǿЩ취ɣЩƶƳֳƻһˡ
ѾصֵزҲ뵽ġ
ҽι֮үүܿ˯ˣҲָ¶ȣһһҲ͸ȥڻ˵ˣлһֱ͵˴ſڡ
һʱΰƽ˴ߣЩյ˵޴磬үү˳ˣΪʲôȥѦҵˣ
ΰƽһε˵СţΪҲô˵˺öΣֳԴϴδ֮ػ֮ڳԸɵ飬ȥɽϾӣϵƾ͵ˡ¶Ҳңûչ˺ֳ
ΰƽһҲͦζģһ˵޴磬ԲסˣҲûҪԹ˼ɣһ磬үүȥҶѦҵˣҪүүƶƳѦҵ˿϶а취Ҫ¾ûˡ
ΰƽЩɻĿң˵Сţʲô˼ѵһȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵һҪȥһéɽȥʦҢˣһȥڤ֮أΪ͵˰СȻָʶҢҰ֮ȥéɽȽӻԣͲܸһȥˡ
ʵҲүүһȥΪżȻǵĸүүһȥĻ϶ҲҪҵ֮еԹĿǰһô


478 Ҫӱô
ΰƽ֪Ѧҵģүӻȥʲ
ҿ˯еүүͻȻͱЩƣܿðһ뷨͸ΰƽ˵޴磬ھ뿪ȥéɽүүʱ֪һͺˣ˵ȥȴ
ΰƽƺϵ룬Ƭ̣˵㶼ˣ
ĬȻ˵˵ͷٴζ޴磬үүͽˣһҪӦҽ͵Ѧҡ
ģٳʲôˣүһȫ͵Ѧҡ
һ£ΰƽָɫˣСţһҲò㣬ҲˣħˣһСɣһǳ׵ĵһصˣԺһ߽ҪӱСģһصĺ϶ŹģҾǼص飬ֳ˴֮ҲиӦԼһˣֳ϶ġ
΢΢һЦ˵л޴ѣԺ϶ῼǵģڲУһһЩ˽˵Ҫ
ԼŰɣ¶ȻԽԽá
Ӧһתͷֿһ˯үүں˯Ķʦ־ͳ뿪
طҲʶң֪Ǹүүһģж磬Ҳû˹ңطһжɢʵвٸֶҵһһǵƿ֮Уүүʮְȫ
ҳ˽еصֱ֮Ӵһȥ˾ݣžݲԶһٹһСʱ͵ҵ˾֮ɫǺڵģ賿ӵӣȥéɽĻ»ϢǺұһùסϢһʱ취ȥéɽ
һᵽȥéɽҾЩˣéɽ󷨽ʮأһ˸ͽȥ˵ʶҢˣҲϵéɽ󷨽֮ڽһжˣҲܴ绰ܴҢҲֻ
ҵ뵽һˣ˵ֳǧַүݳУϴҺѦС߶ſˣļԼлЩӡ󣬵һʱҿȥǧַүϵɽŻˣҾͿԽéɽˡ
ǻ˵ǧַүϲϰһ¶ˣϾһҺѦС߰ĹǺҲЩԹ
ЩҲԸ룬Ѿéɽˣܻнȥİ취
ҾڳǱߵһСùݺסéɽȽϽԱȥҢˡ
סСùЩªͿһǺӣǱȽƫƧһڣʱ֤ãֱӸʮǮסһϣ治һߵıˡ
Դϵǳս֮Ҿ͸оЩƣһֱûô˯ڰͱŶʦֿڴϴúõ˯һ˯ʱֶû⣬ҲûʲôرҪȥˡ
һ뵽ܼܿСȣﻹͦ˷ܵģǸСһöûмˣҿû˵Ȱ裬ֱӽСȸˣҪȻؼյһ졣
һźĶʦ־Ҫ˯ȥǸձ۾š
үģֳĵˣ˭ţùݻǲס
ҽʦַ˴ϣ͹ȥţŸһ򿪣Ϳһһ欵Ůվſڣ΢΢ЦţŮ˻źŨױݣϲ֪˼ۣо΢΢һЦϵķ۶ܵһء
ؼҹģŮͿһ޵촽պѪƵģһһһ
˺ķۣҲס䣬ҿнʮˡ
ˣ˱¶ظĹĵģһɴû·Ҳ˶ˡ
¶𣿡ҿһۣǿʵ
ǴĵһЦ˵˧磬Ҫӱô
Դʱһڿ죬ӱǴô
ôȵ죬ǴҰӣһҪ˯أԱ㡭˵ҾҪš
ʱһֵٴĵһЦ˵˵˧磬治ػװأӱӾ˯һ϶٣ܱˣҪǲҪ
˵ţǴﻹһۣһһ飬Ƥ񶼿⣬ʱࡣ
ٴδһۣͿ±趼Ҫϼ̲꣬סӵ˵㣬ⲻռұô˵Ҹأ
ôһ˵ǴʱͲˣ˵⻰ô˵ģȻˣôǿǣҪȻۣС㳤Ļϡ


479 ԩ
ټûȤҺĹ˷ţǴƺЩأ˺һŲߡ
үģһһͯӼأôҲܷ׸һϴﰡǽƵĲУЩСùݻǲװ
һ֮ҵʮƣշתһȻҲ֪˯ˡ
˯˯ҺһΣʮֵ֣μұ׽һڴȻϰʯͷȻͳСùݺǺʱһѵģ廹֪ӽǺʱ򷢳ˡͨ죬Ȼдˮӿ˹
˺һǿڴͱҸˣϰӣϴһʯͷѹҵϣ߶ˮݣССϺĳ߿˹ˮݾ߲ͣ趯ҵ塣
һʼʱһܹһҪѿϵӣӰ̫ˣҸѲؿԽԽƣҪըѿһ㣬ҸѾûϢˣʶҲʼģʱߵˮͻȻ趯ĳһһĽҰ
Ȼ䣬ҵǰͻȻһŲ԰׵ףһŮ˵ʮƯϺѪɫһ˫۾ڵģûаɫʡ
ĳҿҵӣҸеϢԽԽ٣ڱﲻסˣӿð˴ݣʱ룬ܹˮеŮˣ϶ǸŮҪҵʬߣŮˣӱģͶá
һֱоһΣҲ̫ʵˣֱƵĸоһ㡣
͵ҿҪȥʱͻȻоһȣҺݺݵһȻȫˮʪ͸ˡ
ͷʱ򣬷ֶʦһ˫۾ңֻһٴ˳˯֮Уź
ҴصĴϢţ֪ԼղΪʲôһֵΣѵ̫࣬ѹ̫˲ɣԲŻֱȺΣ
أԴϢһԼƽٴʱͻȻоΧĿЩ쳣ʢʱ֣ѵʱֻһƷȣ֨֨ţյûУȴҸоһ䡣
Ҿǣһ˫۾Ķҡ
һתͷȥʱҵС඼˳
֪ʲôʱҵͻȻһŮˣŮ˴һɫ·ͷܳסԴҿ
Ųҵ¹⣬ҿǸŮ˵һˮգͷҲʪġ
Ȼ侪֮Һܿ췴Ӧ˹үģһߣҼǸʬģȪ·Źضһأʲôûһ»Ұ
ҵɫͳ˵Ĺ»ҰɢĸϽҪСү˯ҪȻСү治ˡ
⻰һ˵꣬ҿǰŮͻȻ£ЩңȴûҪ뿪˼
ȥҵ󲻳ɣ֪
˵ҾִǬｫʬ˳΢΢һ߶Ƿʬĩ˵С;ҵ˸Ӷյĺͮͮġ
ٸһλᣬĻұ֤ĺܲңŭ˵
Щ»ҰһȤûУֲǵʿҲɱֻҪǹﲻҵĻһߣպʬһ߶ͶϾֻתĻᣬδ̫һЩ
֪һ˵ǰŮûߣͻȻһ¾͹ҵǰӵĳ
ٶʵҾƣҲ֪ŮǸʲôãӣ˶ȣЩͷ˵ҶӦˣûĴɢʲôѽ߿ߣ˯ˡ
Ͽ֣˯ȾɣղһŨױĨĴһŮǳĸҵء
ŮһͻȻ翵˵硭ԩԩ
˺òãֲǰ죬ôԩҪԩظүԩȥҿû㡭Ҳͷ˵
ŮҲӦֱӹ˵ϸҿͷһľͣˣҲӦͲˡ
һǵһ飬ܾܲȥ˻֣˵˺ˡǷˣɣܰĻͰܰĻҲǿңһкҪҪȥء
ҴӦǰŮվӣ̧ͷ߿˹


480 ʬǺ
ǰŮվʱ򣬵ǰͷͷɢ˿ʱҲſʱҶʱһ£Ҹղεʱˮ濴ŲҰ׵ô
ұЩõ˵ŮôĵӣղǸΣǲĹ
ŮҲңֱӵ˵ͷ˵ҸеΡ
ƽ޹ʵһ٣Ұ㣬ôõ飬߰ɣҲɢѾܿˡƵ˵
硭ȱ˵ŮһĿ˵
ûлӦֻĿ˵ʲô
ŮӵĳһҵԭһҽԺĻʿֽǰһֵҹ࣬ʱ£ʹҽԺϣڴϴһ⳵ǳ⳵˾һʮˣһʼͦ˵ȥҾסھݽһʱסķǸҽԺһСʿһģ˾һŮӣʮƯͻȻɫģ˽һƬֱӸˣŮ϶⣬һֱڷ˾Դ󷢣ĲҲ̶ãջóˡ
˾֮󣬵Ů֮ӽװһϰһʯͷͳ˻Ǻͼʬ𼣣ղĸΣظǸŮ֮ǰĳҵҾԩҵǸ˾Ȼ֮ڷǿԹֻת
һܱߵĹ£ȻʮʵÿܶƵĲҾ磬Ҳֲܲʥĸǣ˵ˣһŮͻȻһǱҵĳҲһСʿŮҾͽϵϵϣסһս޷
ƾһҲҪһˡ
лЩʵģʵӣ㶼ˣΪʲôұˣƫƫң
ǰŮ˵֮ڣҲ˱ˣǱһҾˡ˵Ҿ͸оӦǸˣҲңҾˣ硭һѰɣҪȻĿҵʱ䲻ˡ
Ů޵滨꣬ģǿŹڲҰ׵һˣҪȻҲ˾ҲͻȻɫģҪ֡
ҳƬ̣ʵðɣ¶Ҿ͹һܣô˾֪𣿻Уô֤Ǹ˾㣿
Ů˵ͷ˵֪ģҪ֤Ҳܼ򵥣Ϊʱǿʱץ˼ѪۣҲУŹû죬Ǻۼ϶û
ҵ˵ͷʵȻ֪ʲôطԼΪʲôȥҸʲô
ŮͷЩ˼˵ֻһ˲õСûжı£ɱˣǸ˵ϴһ񣬺ǿģҲҿ
ǸˣۿͿҪˣʱ䵢鲻ãкһŮ߰ɣʰǻ˶
Ůǧлһ͸ҳţʦ˯ľһһ㣬С¶Ҳòڱݼ˯
˱֮ҰŮָʾһȥű·ڵĵطʾűã˵Ǹ˾һ϶·
ӦһҲԣֱӾ·ϣĵĵȺš
Ѿҹˣ໹һСʱǸŮʱȷʵˣһ϶Ҫ뿪
ҿ϶˯ɾˣԴ֮ԽԽ鷳¶ţƶƲ
˴Լ߰˷ӵĹ⾰һ⳵ʻ˹תͷһߵҵ˵ͷʾ
վƨɣɫ⳵֣ܿͣҵߣһļһｫԴӳ˳ʵǣȥĶ
Դʱҹ濴мץƵĺۼû϶ˣЦĳ˾˹ȥһ֣ץס˼ʻҵĳţһѾקˣ˾ӦһѾ;סͷݺݵĶ˵ϡ
ǼһﲻԣȻʹӵվӣݺݵ˵Ҳݣôǲ񾭲ô˾ʹˣ
Ļ䣬һƾͳǼһϳ˹ȥһͦصģǼһٴαҴڵأһſھ³ź


481 
СӱһͨˣӵһѪ죬űҴϸߵӣϵĺһҲмֺݾӺһذףһ˵ôģӸƴˣ
˵ţǰذ׾ͳҵĿ˹վԭһδذһ߰˹ֵʱҲһץסӣȻ䷢ôһ϶ʱһġǰɡ죬ֱӱҸˡ
ļһ﷢һɱĺУеذ׾˵ϡ
ҳĲһ濴һ۾һƣ֮΢΢ɢһ˿⣬Ǳɮģֲҿ
һ֣ϵǸһԵͰȻ̧һţһС
ĲҽһȻֹȻӾ͵˳ȥɳȥԶ˵˵ϣٴο˵ϣһѪ
ĵļһһúõĴﱻ̣ҲˣȻҪɱڣ˻žͳ˻ǺˣҪôݵġ
ԸĶˣһҪҪ֪ʲôǱ۸ζ
Ǽһ۵Ļֻ˼£Ѿˡ
һٴγ˹ȥһﳹױҴˣڵϲվһһ˵©ĵλ硭ϻģֿɹڵġˡͱˣϻмٿǮ߰ɡ
˵ţͽ˿ڴ
ȥҵɴٵˣҲϻ߹ȥһ޶סӣ˶ɭɭ˵֮ǰʲôɥ飬㻹ǵ𣿡
һ£ǼһȻһ۵ľ֣ܿͻֱָҵ۾ֻǺǵ˵֮ǰҡûʲôѽҾˣһ⳵ģ˵ܸɶ
һЦ˵ǲ˵ʵǰɣеǰ취˵
˵ţһκݺݵĽһ˵ϣ۵һƺߣӦһֻ־ץסһֻӣһƾͳֱ˹ȥֻһĹͷѵ죬Ǽһٴηһ˺ѷεĲҺ۵ֱӻ˹ȥ
һﻹǲãֱ۵˹ȥҲùһֻ΢΢֮еץסֶϵֻ֣˽ȥ
ҹĹͷȻˣǽãһ͵ڣ۵һƺߣٴ˹
ѾĥĲӣʮ˾ȻʹűһѪЩҲ̶á
ɿ֣ٴνƵڵأ˵˵˰ɣ㲻˵һְ취˵
֪һӲĺܣһʹһ߿ధ硭Ұɣʲôûиɣֻˣɶ
ҵٴвⰵ뵽һﷸ򲻵϶ϣһǾԶˡ
ҾǴ϶Ҳҳ顣
Ҳûа취ˣתͷһƮڲԶһֱһĬĬĿţһ仰Ҳ˵
Ĵɨһۣһĳһֻ˹ȥֻ˳һõֻҵĺöˣҷһ£ֻ¼ܡ
Ҵ¼кһ˵Ȼ˵ֻԹˣģϵǸѾҶˡ
мһֱۣӾͳƮ˹һСӿ˼ָͷĿѨ˼£ʱۡ
һƵƮ˹ʱ򣬿Ȼ˼֡
ʱԹ֣ɷڣԭ԰׵ɫѾˣǲ԰׵ֳָ˺ܶǸһѪܣһ˫۾˰ɫʣųһˮ
˵ϼһˣ͵һҲһ
㻹ſ˫֣ǹڵϵļһƮ˹ȥ
翶飬͸壬ǼһһȻһ̧ͷķһۣʱŵǶˣһ˫ӶҪۿ
㡭㡭㲻ҪҪǼһŵ̱˵ϣ˫ֶҴˣǲŲųźȥҿȫڷϵ亹һһð˳


482 ׷
ɱ˳ǷծǮ쾭飬еɱңӦ뵽ý³
˵ţһһĳǸƮ˹ȥ
ӼӲˣֱӹ˵ϣͷֹʹ˵ǸҶԲ㰡һɡҼﻹ˺ͺҪҪˣǿɾû˹˰
ֻ˺ӣ˾ûôһҪɱ㡭ıһԿţ֪ҲӣڵĵУûɱ˵ı¡
㡭ҴˡҲöģ졭쿴֮󣬾Ǿ̫ƯˣһʱûסͶ֣ʵҵʱɱģʱסĲӣΪֱӽˣͽװʯͷ˻ǺӣҲǺ°ѾܺˡҡҲˡǸ硭֪ˡ˵ţǼһ͹ڵϣͣĳͷ
˵Щʱұ㽫ֻ¼رˣȻطһ飬ȷûʲô֮󣬾վƨɣǼһ˹ȥȻһĺϣֱӽ˹ȥ
һ֮ҽ˶˳⳵ֱ˼ʻ
кϳ
ָԭ԰׵ף˸ʻȻҾŮŵʱ᲻Ὺ
˵ͷ˵óգͱˡ
мվͺãҲῪɣ˵ĹʲôطȻҿҽһ͵ſڣ¶϶ҪǹӶģҲΪ㱨ˡ
лл㡭̫ллˡβ㣬ҿ϶ҪԩˡĿҡ
˵ǸŮҲƯŮСٻƵģֲúåɫġ
ҡҡͷ˵ллҲ˵ȽҿȽ˵͹ȥ
˵ͷͿʼĵĽңբϣҵһţӾˣҴһҵ嵵ܿͽӿķ۵糸֪ΪʲôѦС˵̼ˣһҲ̼ͦҺڴҹ·ûʲôˣҿԽӿķɿ죬˲ӣǾһֵſڣҾͽͣ
֮ͣҾͽǸҴȥļһӳ˳մմϵѪĳ⳵д˼֣׷棡
ȻҾСӵֻͨ110˾˵Ǵһɱ˷˾ڹſڣ˴ߡ
ӵ绰ǸˣһǸɱ˷˵˹ȥ
һִ֮ǸֻҵǶ¼˳ϣǶ¼С׿ڳɱĿڹһ˵һףõ֤ݣ¼ֱӿԵǺｫʬ̳˵֤ʵˣʣµӱǵŰǹӶ
Ϊ˷ֹСͻȻܣֹȥ˵һȸȶˣȻͷܡ
С۵ٴ˺ѷεĲҽ
ҲûԶͶڹֲԶһСͬڿţûã߳˼죬ĲҲ̶õСֱ˾һϵֻҲˡ
ߵʱҿһڳͣƬ̣϶ڿдǼ֡
һж㶨ˣҳһתͷһߵٺЦˣһи㶨Եظȥˡ
ѱϵԹ㻯ˣЩģʧָǰģɢһ㵭ĹΣǴӻ߳һ㣬һ治һƯ
һʱ䣬һ¡
ллһˡһЦǻСѣʮֿɰ
ҺٺһЦ˵ӣɱô˵һŮ˵Ǹ˵ʱ򣬶Է϶Ǳܾˣôô
Цˣ˵ôᣬһţһ޸ĺˡ
ǹֱӵģЩ˼оˣһ˻֣˿ɫоܿҪˣӡ߰ɣһɾ߲ˣ±һҪСһղͶԶһ
˵ͷǲûдھ뿪ԥһͻȻʵ硭ܸôôһæҪһֱ㡭
룬һڤ֮أκžҪģһⱲӵͻĸɸɾҵʲôأ
Ȼ֪ҶҲûʲôģҽ


483 һ·
ұٴصĵ˵ͷĿ֮б˸ٴθ˵硭лл㣬һסġ
˵ţһΣͳƮ˹Ҳ֪ҪʲôʶǽϣƬ֮ƮҵĽǰſ˫֣һ¾ҵĻȻҵһ¡
Ĵģѵˮһ㣬֮Щ˼ȥĽŲˣӿʼΣоЩ͸ˣȻӵ˫ſʼһһʧ̻һõĹ㣬һӣ˶ʧˡ
ҿʧĵطþ޷ƽԼЩĸо
ʧʱϻҸͽѵЦݡ
ڴñ԰ĵĽڤ֮رˡ
ôһ£ﻹ̹ͦģһ׮ԩ
Ƶǣû˯ɣۿ춼ˡ
Ǹʲôһʼһӱӣ˯һŮԩؼһŮˡ
Щĺۼ㳯Сùݵķ˹ȥ
ôõһŮӣ˸ˣЩˣղ˵ʱ򣬺һ֪Ҳһȸˡ
һصСùݵʱ򣬶Ѿһ˿ǰףҲЩˣһۻں˯Ķʦ֣ҽҲ˴ϣ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ĺܳҲ㣬ѹʱֻһѾˣһ˯߰˸Сʱʱþ
֮ұŶʦ־߳Сù˴ϣһţſмͷ۷׷ף˵ǽ糿ڻǺһŮʬ֪ںӵ˼ˣŮʬʬ嶼Ѿݵĸףϻһ鼸ʮĴʯͷ˵ǷѾˣһ˹ֵſڣиͷ˵סɱ˷Ǹɱ˷ĳ˴׷ּ˵Ǹɱ˷¼Ϊ֤
֮Сһʱ䴫ķз˲֪˲ͷβ顣
ǸǶǸɱ˷ʹҲжǿŮʾϧġ
ô˵ﷸѾ֮ڷһг䶨
·ȥع
ݲû¶ǱȥéɽҢˣСȸӻؼҡ
εǣϴҺѦСɽŻˣԼçײߵéɽһܹéɽ󷨽֮ڣҪһ·˲С
ٴ뵽һ͵ʬǸǧַү˵ֵܣֻҪҵһܹҵֻһνǧַүһ٣ȥﲻҾͲ֪ˣϴһٴһˣϾмһϵ
˼һþƺ̵Ĺȥǧַү׻˵ĻֲЦˣҴƷȥܲὫҸ
֮ҾȥһҴ̳ƿę́ƣӺ̣Ʒƾӡ󣬳ǧַүסǸͬ˹ȥ
ȵǧַүſڵʱѾǿĵˡ
Ժţһʼû˻Ӧ˼£һЩֿ˭û¶ôʲôţˣ
һ˶ˣ˵˲һҪһٵĳ嶯
һǳסƬ֮ԺһŲԺű㱻ˣҵǰվһֵĺӡ
Ǻһңʱһô㣬ô
˵ţǺӶ˵һȭͳҴ˹
һ֣סǺӵȭͷٺЦ˵ôôûòͶֶŵģǴܵģʦǧַүڲڣ˼顭
ʦڣСƵ˵
СǧַүͽܣϴҺѦСǴĹǺ⻹û϶ã϶ʶҡ
Ҳϻɫû㿪Цʦ¶Ͽȥͨһ˵˵ѣҪ飬˴¶ʦ϶ҲĲ㡣
˵֣أǺԥƬ̣˵Ǻðɣţܣȥٽȥ
û˵Ǻתߣſڵ˴ԼӵĹ⾰˽ŲǺһεĳҵǰЩͷ˵ȥɣʦԺء
һ䣬һʹǺ˹ȥһԺӣͿǧַүһô̫ʦϣ۾ڼ¡


484 Զǧ䷹
ǧַүЩˣűҰֻдʮӣϴҺѦС߽ĲҲ̶ãϴε˶ûк϶Ҳʲôɫ
Ѿһӻҵ׼Ͼˡ
Ȳ˵ǧַүƷΣֻϾӵֶΣ֮ӦûеڶܹԽ͵߶ʱһоûУֶҲǳ뻯ˡ
߽ʲô鶼пǧַүֶΣ˵ԺҪæأԣ˵ʲôҲҪƤĥӲݵ׼ҲֻϵˣԼϲéɽ
̣žƣǧַү˹ȥһЦеʵүӣЪأ
ǧַүƢͦҡҡеȣһתͷȥֱӽҵ˿
Сүˣֿ˵үӣϴεҲԣר˼ⲻˣдܸСƽϲǣ̫ûˡ
ǧַүŲһӣֻһ˯ˣһǿ΢΢۾һۡ
Ҽĵ˵үӣǴĳϺõę́̿ǴлҸ˰
˵ţҾͽ̾ƷһԵʯ֮ϡ
ʱǧַү۾߿˹˵̾ϷɳܲϷֲȱһپǮ˵ˣϷֻ麵̣Ҷõл̣һûУûȥɡ
⻰˵ģТ˼ҵģϴ۲ʶ̩ɽЩļˣŶ˼Ҷ֣ȥ֮󰡣ԽԽþ費˼룬ԽԽԼ̫ˣôܶүôصأԣһҲԶǧΪ˸˼ǣ˼ҪǾòĻҲɣҪȻ˼һ٣˵ˣһٶɣҼٺЦ
˵ǧַүӣһ¾ͽ̶С
ȥҾôһ˵ͷѵҶҶֲɣ
һּһ䣺Ȼˣ֪үӲˣң϶Ųڣң϶Ҳ²ȥ֣үؿ㣬óŴ϶̵ġ
ү죬ƺ˵ЩʲôǱһָ˻ȥ
ҿһͨ죬϶ƵĲУصĴϢ˼˵СӾǻǸ꣬϶ûʲôģ˵ɣϷ򵽵ʲô飬СӣĸƵģҪû¶ҵϷ
üһͷ澫һ¾ͱʶ˼һװû¶һ㣬ҡҡͷն˵ǰ˵ﻰǴĳǸģҵؿɱ¿ɼҶߵôġ
ˡϷ˵Щûõģһ׵ûУȻСרҵǸģǺðɣϷԭˣˣˣ֮͵ûз
û˵꣬ǧַүʹҵĻ
ϼһǸϺ꣬ĺܣҲɵǺٺһЦ״˵ǰβԶǧһһҹˮδӻأ˼ܵùҶٷ߰ɣ
ѽҷСǲԶǧ䷹ԵģҪԷ˺ͬգһСݣֻҪǮɶУϷˣͲˣ߰߰ɡ
ȥϼһﻹβҼȻˣ϶ô׵ľߵġ
ǰٴ˵Լһ˳Էû˼ˣҪǰȵƲǣҪȻĳⶼﲻ
ţҲǧַүػͳɵһ֣˵λ磬һ£¶Ҫ˵
ɵ˹˵ɶ
һǮ˵ҲһǧǮ͵ݸɵ磬ͷȥ¾Ʋ˻Ҫǰúúȶپƣ˾ǣʣµǮ̳顭
ɵеĳƱһ£ûнӹȥתͷǧַүǧַүǱҾû취ˣεĻ˻֣˵ȥȥɡ
ɵӦһӹеĳƱſڿ첽ȥ
֮ǧַүٴγҿһۣɻСӣû飿
ûûСԴϴ֪֮Ǵˮһ˵ǴרŹⲻǵġ


485 ȼ
ǧַү˿ڣƺҷ˽䱸Ҿ;¶϶Ϸ
Ҹղſ϶һ˵¶Ҹûʲô飬һгģ϶Ӧ
һСƺүӺȸˣٹ¶ͳˡ
й˰¶һ㶼ھ̸ɵģȹ֮һ͸ֵܵƵģԴһȣɶ¶ܴӦڶѾ֮пܶʶԷ˭ˡ
ϴ˵һȶˣҾͲӦ
ǧַү˼䣬˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ղǸɵ˻źüӣͷԺʯ֮ϣ֮Ķȫ֮У߰˰˵Ҳа˾Ÿˣ⻹һЩ⴮
׻˵úãûһտ̸ɵ飬еĻǾ١
ƲˣǧַүһƣȻָԼ˵ǰϴҲԣԷʾ⡣
˵ţҶ׾ƣһһȫȸˡ
ʱǧַүЩЦ⣬һһľͺղǴ󺺲Ⱦƣֻһվš
Ĺƿę́ƾͺȵĻʣСƿǧַүɫ΢죬Ц⣬ԸǸͽܸϽȥƣҪҼȡ
ɽүǵľû˵ǧַүľҲԡ
ǺȵȺŸүƵģղŵľнһɨա
ɵȥƵĿյǧַүһãЩ΢˵СӰҲҼǸֵ˵ˣǿǲ򵥰ǽܣү磬һټʮǰǿݺὭ߳Ƶʱĵһа̶̰ˣϷͶأҵĺϷ֮һԩʵ飬ϷҲдȣϵıȣ˳־͸ǣ˻
ҹһЦ˵ǰ̫ˣҲǲʶٸһ
˵ţָǧַүһھơ
پƣҸǧַүһֱȵ춼ԼȵеˣǧַүƺǺȴˣֱҵߣҵļֵܣ˵ҪҽֵܣͬͬͬԸͬͬͬͽܶʦ塣
ǽһƣͷôһˣͬͬͬҳԿɳԴˣ˵ǧַүҲǸˣĿ϶ǲġ
ȵǹϵĸֵһ㣬ǧַүظ˵Ժõõǧַүĵطܿڣ
Ȼ˵ݶϣǻɶ˵ģֱֱ⣬˵ϸ磬¶ҲˣҽϾȥһéɽݻһéɽڵҢˣһһѣһûüл
ǧַү˸ãظ˵ȥéɽǼ򵥰ֵܾéɽɽŻߣϸʹȥ
˵գǧַүҶ˵һѾͽҴλ˳ȥ
ֻǺȶһԴЩΣ·ЩΣǧַүǺˣ·ҡҡλΣֻܲߡ
סطéɽԶҺǧַүһСʱĹ⾰ǧַүͣЦ˵Сܣ㡭ԵƬ̣ͽҼֵܹȥéɽ
ǧַү˵⻰ʱĳȥطһƬɽ֣ո̤éɽķΧ֮ڣéɽ󷨽绹һξ룬Ǻܺ棬ǧַүô֪ͨ˹ǵġ
Ƶʱ򣬵ǧַүͻȻؿһŻֽ˫ָ֮䣬дʣƬ֮ŻֽͻȻȼһŻҽ
Żֽȼմ֮ǧַүкɽһʯͷϣԵƬֵ̣Ͼ͹
ϴǧַүкֵܹʱҲûпõʲôֶΣȴǿķԭȼ֮ʮְ
ҺǧַүʯͷЪϢƬ̣˳㴵ɽѾƣĹ򣬵ΧĞųһԶһӰǺӰֻһգ۵ĹѾܽˣȻһգۣǵǰǰ֮ҵľҲ˴롣
éɽسɴٴμҲľѣﻹԼʲôʱܹͣǾ̫ţˡ
һ֣Ⱦͳ߿һۣ˵ôˣһѾһ˰ɣ
վĸһ΢΢ͷͳǧַү˹δߵߣʱüͷЩõ˵硭ôֺôơ


486 ³׳
ǧַүվһһľһ־סҵļ򣬺ٺЦ˵ֵܰСҰݰӵֵܣԺֵܣǶһˣԺСʲô飬ɲܲܡ
һΣתͷһۣʵСšǽ쵽׺˶٣
Ҳ࣬һƿ׾ơҺٺЦ
εҡҡͷ˴ҵнǧַү˹ʵСţéɽ϶ɣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Ң˵ģڲ֪ôéɽ󷨽磬Ծҵǰϵһ棬һһٷ˵ƣȻһˡ
߰ɣҴȥ˵ţͲǧַүéɽĺɽȥǲǧַү˵ĽųҲҿ࣬СŲ׷
˲ٺƾҲӷ˳һֱߵéɽɽİɽʱһСéݷͣĹ򣬴é߳һˣʹԼʮңƲСӣʮ־һǰ㹧ĸһ񣬺һʦ
΢΢˵ͷתͷҵСţƶĴͽܣԺéɽֱɽͲô鷳ˡ
ҿлˣһ΢΢һЦҲһ˵λرҵĺֵܰɣǰŲһ³Ľ㣬һһᡭ
ҿ˵ˣʲô㣬ֻһé¿ĻëСӰˡ
ΪղĻֻǿ׻һ仰ȴҴһ
΢Ц˵СɲǹάСֵܣĴѾڽϴˣһصĴ֮һħΧصʱСֵͻȻɱħ׷һصаƻ˲ٽ֮ʿʵǽ֮ңСֵССͣ˾춯ص飬ʱգȻǰ;ʱСҪСֵܵĴء
ȻЩ˹άҵĻһ˲֪һǾ³׳һôûУ߲ɵͲͣΪһ㣬ʱܹ֮ħΪħ֮¸үү֣Ȼʦֱ͵ϮܳɹҪƾһˣҪħǲܵ顣
ǧذתܿͻָ˵ҪҥԣʱħȻңȴүүֻǳ˻͵Ϯֶѣ΢ĩı£ôħĶ֡
ʱҲһԵСŰҲ˵ˣ˵ô飬ֳ֪éɽһģصһصа֯˵ö֮Ӧٴһ𣬽аĶժ
ĪЩңҲټ⣬Ӧ˼֮󣬱˼ɽ˶췢ƺܸȤһ·һֱҹںĸɵ飬Ȼǻʲô˹ȥԮ֡
Ҹо˽Щֵֹģ򵥵˵˼䣬ҲһһӦ˹ȥ
ǧַүƺ˯ˣ
˽͵éɽ󷨽ĵططҴһţ˵ҢʦסĹҲϤ·һ˷֮㽫ƶƽһɽŵĵӣԴҹȥмԼǧҪ߶éɽ֮ڣɭϣأʮգҪ˴ȥƶҪҼֳȥͲˣǡ
Ҷ˱ʾ˸лҵһľʵƣ߽ǵֺĽɫţһȥһŨò߽éɽĽ֮ڣȻͿһдšéɽڡɫƵƷ
вٵʿڿɽţ˵˹ȥǺܺ˵ܿһʮС·ҳŹڵķȥ
֮ǰҢ˵ԭéɽĽ䱸ûɭϣֻһټʮǰéɽ̵һڸֿ˷󣬲éɽȫûҪүʦּʱ֣éɽ¾ıסˣԺéɽ󷨽ͷصʮܣط󣬾Ϊ˷ЩƵٴη
éɽҲǵһˣһЩսľΪҴ·ǸСʿҲһŵɫ˹ڵʱû߳һСŪҲʮֽţһߴҪȻĺء


487 ټ
ǸС죬ĵŽʲôǿСŵĲУ·ʱ򣬶ͷϵĺˣûţֻøಽĳǰȥ
һֱߵéɽλʦĵطҲǾ͵һƬֵĸСһߵͶ˴ȻҲǸҪǰߵʱ򣬴Ƭ֮ͻȻһӰվ֮ڣĳ߿˹
ǸСһǸӰƺЩӣŲһ˳СĿ⿴ȥһֵӰվڼʮ׿֮Уһ˫۾ͮͮģЩˣһʼⶫʱҲŵĲУڿҲЩһﲻǱģҢֻū
ūĿһͻȻӺ﷢һص죬ҰƺСū֮һȻתͷܣһˣв⻹ЩƣѵͰˣ
һҲ̫ˣūȻųӣūô
СҲûȥ׷ǸطҿɲһΣˡ
Сֳ֮ŹūȥʱһֱһĶʦĵ۾ǹūķһֱܿ۾
ūҺȻתͷߣٶȺܿ졣
ҸȥҢˡ
£Ҷ˵Ŷʦ־ͳŹū׷ȥūٶȻܿ죬ʼû߳ҵ߷Χ֮ڣʱҸˣͣŲһƬ֮ڿ϶ҲзģŹūǿ϶ȫҢһǾéɽԲŻùūҵġ
һƬӳ֮УܿҾͿһСԺӣɫȴɭɭ
ūͷһۣһͽԺӣҲ˽ȥ
ԶŴ󿪣ҲǿŵģūԺ֮ͲӰֱӳ˹ȥ
һݣҾͿ֮ϵҢˣֻܰһյ΢͵΢΢˸
һҢˣͿһ˵Ңˣǰݻᡣ
ҢվӣȻѵһ˿Ц⣬˵СŰҹ϶ҪéɽùūȺ򣬽ˡ
Ң˽ãҲЦ˵ܲҼҹŮѺأСѾͷ˿ɰ˼Ҳûˡ
Ң˺ǺһЦ˹ҵļɫͻȻȻһ֮䣬ƺ̽ҵΪһҲΌܣΪҢˣȹҵ
Ű²Ϊֳ˲٣ƶûп㣬СӾǸš˵Ң˵ĻһתֵСŰСǲȰϴδڤ֮ػʱƶȰȥѦҵ˽㵤еǹԹͷų㻹ûȥɲǸö㲻Ҫһ¶
ܶ˶ܹע⣬ĶҺãҲ֪ڲ뿼⣬ԭ֮ǰѾ˵Σæת˻⣬˵ҢˣĻĸҲֻ̫æˣ̫飬һֱûʱȥ飬ˡҼأǱ˰ôСӦú˰ɣ
ҢεҡҡͷͻȻתһ̫Ͼ¯Ķ˵˰ϵݣǷôһȫزˣôܲãԷģ֮ǰƶѾСָʶ
дϲȲ˵ҢˣʲôϽȸųɣòǺˡ
żϾͿԿҢ˵ţǸ¯ƵĶ˹ȥһֻ֣Ƕ¯ĸ£˼ƵҢ΢΢۾˼־ͿʼĬ
Ƭ֮Ƕ¯ϵĿ׶֮оƮɢһźɫǶ¯Ͽգ㼯һ𣬻һӰǶ¯֮ƮĺɫԽԽ࣬ӰԽԽǾСȣɰСӣһѣһ˫ˮĴ۾
Сһһʵҵ඼ӶЩᣬ˵Ǽٵģһ뵽ȵʱ׶ĹʱûеʱΪҵԵʣСȲŻᱻԬ׽ߵģ溦һγֵȣԭǰ׶ӡ


488 һ
ĺǶģȵӰԽԽʵʱҿȵϸֳһ˿Ц⣬գ´۾ǿɰӣҵ˲䶼ڻˡ
ȵӰһӾͱʵƯ˶¯֮ϣһصϢоţڶ¯֮ϻתȦһɫĹ
ζסʱȱ۵СŸ硭ˡ
˵ţȾſ˻һΣͳƮ˹ᱼҲſ˻Сһ¾ͽȱ˻
ҵӸȵӽӴһʱ򣬶ʱҳԾһ£һֱȶһ壬ûʵģҲֻ黯ǰģֻܿ޷һʵʵĽСȸ˻СӣϻһоЩϤϸһ룬ζЩ˰ζô
һСȲŴҵڸղ̫һֱ֣ӽʦָ˵ϣһƤ񣬼ǵ˵ϣҲɺ˯۾û
Сҵ֣Ӷҵϣ۵˵СŸ硭ԺҲܶһ˲ˣԺȥҾȥòã
ãԺȥĶ㣬ҲֿˡСȵԴڻЩţԭ׶Сȣľͻָʶоһ㡣
ڤ֮һûаߣһΣһǻ޷˵Ҫȥ
ȵ֣ĿҢˣԵ˵Ңˣ̫ллˣ˵ԺõҵĵطֻҪڣҾƳ١
˵ţұȵС֣˵ȣλүүͷ㣬ػڶ
ȺܹɵĹ˵ϣصĿͷ˵˵ллүү
ţɣүүֲǵһμˣ˿Ң˻˻֣СվӣЦӯӯĿҢˡ
СŸ硭үүȿɺˣȽһ̸ȷء̧ͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ңʼնſ˵Ц⡣
Ң˹һЦ˵СѾͷɰִʴӱ츳һѷɫ㣬˵ʵ죬ƶͲýСѾͷˡ
оþ޷ƽһǿ˵Ȼˣȸ漸죬Ҳ̸ܶһ
ֿȣ˵ȣ벻үүס죿
һҢˣһңƺЩԥջǽסҵ֡
ǶҵĸȽη̫ã뿪ˡ
Сӱֵͯ棬ҢȻϣֻ΢΢Цš
ʵҢˣһΣȵôˣȻʵ壬ôһ¶
Ң˱ƶñ˰һȻ壬ȷʵñ˰Ƶģ˰ȻǱԻԵģԲܼ⣬Ǵ֮ԣСѾͷֻϳ֣컹ǲԸһ㣬洦ߣͨҲܹӣ뱻˿ҲǿԵġ
ŻȻԭСȵӾһ˰ڤ֮Ķ࣬СȻָʶһϿȥ졣
˿̵壬ҲһԷ˯ˡ
˵ţҢ˻һµС¯ݸң˵ԭСģԭⶫʬ֣֮Թ̫أƶһСסȥȹ꣬Űɡ
ҴҢӹǸȻһл
ҢٴοȣɫСŰԭСոջָʶ껹ȹ̣õĻǷƶȹ̼죬Ҳû̫ϵЩʱգȥһЩصĵطһЩȹҿСѾͷ֮ǿ϶ٴƶˡ
˵⻰ʱҢ˵ƺЩᣬദ죬Ң˸һЩ顣
Ң˹һڣǱУͽܵǲ٣ʱҲû˵ôɰôȵСѾͷҲʵ˻ġ
ʵҢˣ˵صĵطаСôأ


489 Ȼ
صĵطҲ٣ͿȥˣӡصءҽԺ᳡ȽصĵطֻҪСתתԼͿգҪΪ֮ߣС֮ǰǵмߵĹһ壬Ǳʶ֮УӡһЩֶΣθñ˰˷ڤڤ֮УҲһֹǱʶеʶҲСееĹˣԺҲᾫ٣ԺСѾͷߣֶһðֺ֣ôԺͿõˡҢٴƵ˵
һ֮ϲû뵽һ˰ȻСȴôĺô
ô˵鶼һЩĻŭţЩʱһĸƵ飬ʱһɨա
ҺҢ˵СȷһȻſڵϺ˯Ķʦ֡
ƺԶʦʮֺ棬˹ȥʼǺ˯Ķʦ֣һĶ䣬һıӣǵĶʦϴ󲻸ˣ﷢˺ʦ۾֮һһƯСѾͷ֮ҲûʲôرķӦֻֻСסԴС׽ŪʦԽˣȾԽǻϲĺܣֱӽʦֱ˻׽Ū
ȻһԺеˣл⡣
Ҳûʲô飬Ң˾֮ϣ졣
һΣҢһεɫ˵СŰղ̽һ£ڲԩ۵ԹһֶӴϢ㵤֮̾ţǹԹѹƣܸǹĪε𣿡
ȻҢʵҲΪˣʵϴδéɽ뿪֮;վǧ껱Ң˼򵥵˵һ顣
ҢĸˣҲ棬˵ܹʺ֮еĵطѾ֮ˣ˿ԽԽ࣬ǻԽԽɭֱӺҲ౻ȾĲӣ֮ӵϡǱ֮Ϊµһصڰ˶éɽҲܵĸȾòؽ磬⣬ҪȻϾһ徻֮ء
ΨͼŻ֪ز֮֮һ޺ۼ
Ĳţ̬治֪Ϊ֮࣬ΪҪԾĹһڸɾˮʳﶼԲϣжǶᣬΣ
ĲɾеĶˡ
˵ˣʮǰܵĶﶼôˣ׾һǧϻһʦַʳϻڵҢ˲еϡǲֵ顣
ԭΪҢéɽڣô˽磬ԭеһжҿı˭ףˣɵٴȻ𾴡
֪֮Ң˲û̫ĸпǰħ飬ôһ
ʵħΧص飬ֻʱ䣬ѾķзִƵ֮ţéɽ·ص㲢ԶԵõϢҲģҢ˲֪ܲ
У־ˡ
һԭڽ֮ĬĬŵĽСͻȻճһƥֵҰ˵ߣһ֣ͽһصĴ֮һħˣյĺڲģСɲֻӴܣ˽پһصֵʬǻҰ֮䡣
һ²ǽħ鹫֮ڣǽɱʬŵҲ˳һʱ䣬Һˣ˽㣬ըӼȻéɽЩһڹ
ʵĲȫΪħԵʣΪҵĺˡ
ʹһЩĽϣ϶֪үĹ¼㲻֪үǿ϶Ҳ֪Ҹүүĵ顣
λǵ۾ὭӢһһľ֡
ҸүүɽҰʮû¶棬үү빫ţΪ˱Ƚϵ͵⼸ʮ䣬ҵڽϴΪûˣˡ
ͻȻĺճٴڽ¶棬¼үҸүү
ΪҵĺˣŻһʯǧˣѸٷ͡
Щ飬Ң˸ҵģЩսľ亹ð˳үѵҵĺ˵ﶼͨˣͨ˵ӣһΣһνҴ˷˼⡣
һ뽭ƺҪҲǲܵˡ


490 뿪éɽ
Ң֮Ը˵ô˵Ҫҽնз顣
ΪҼҸүүʮ֮һı£ҲݺὭ˸ǣħҲҪɵ֣ȴв꣬ʮֱȻһĵȣǳ͵ˣݺڽߣδΪʸ֮ģЩа˵жд̣֮죬һжҪС£Щаˡ
оħһȻӶݣȻģǲѪӣҪҵͷܶĻҪһ£â
һϣҸҢ࣬Ȼֻϴһڤ֮УȴҲһͬĽ飬Ң˲ûаҵˣ߽Ҫע顣
Ң˻˵ʱҲֻʹˣ㲻ô뿪éɽֻéɽ֮Ͽҵͽéɽڷ
һֱĵҢ˻ʮ֣ص˵һ飬ǾһòҪߣҸүүļʮǰµһ֣һĹ⾰ȫȥ˼ңϾҵĺˣҿ˵ҪүүѧЩµĻүүӦòܾ
˵ҵı£ջǴéɽҸéɽǧ˿ƵĹϵ
үᣬݺὭѧһ콣һ˺ϴ辭оһʬ֮һһЩʬ֮ı£¸콣˺ϴ辭ȣԲһЩѧһڽ֮ҲԺߡ
ȻүéɽĺˣϵѧéɽȴûصأҲ֪үǴѧЩ˺ϴ辭ȷéɽĹΪķھǴһ콣ǲéɽĹͲö֪ˡ
үڽϳǿ³۳ҽġ
Ǹүү̳үеֶΣүүϴڸңֻһĹ⾰ұСɣﻹηЩС֮
ʵҲֻϴڤ֮УүүΪסЩȡܵʱ䣬ˣһ궼չزΪҸ̫࣬ȥҸүүһЩĲ̡
Ңᵽ飬ѦҵүҲ˵үΪʲôڸЩҲ
˴鷳òѧһЩ׵ı·үү϶ҲڵĴ
ʵڲУҾҸүүһˣڿϲϴڸЩı£ҾͲö֪ˡ
ҸҢ˵˺ܶ࣬ۿɫˣҢ˱ߴھ뿪éɽЩƣһȵ뿪أǿҢ˵ɫҲƤĴ
ÿһéɽڵʱϣȻ֮ǰ뿪ġ
˵ŻҢ˱ңһҢΪʲôҵȵߣҲûк˼ʳڡ
Ңһֱ͵ſڣʱСҲűڵĲ䷳Ķʦָһ˳
ƺҢҲЩᣬҢ˻˻֣Щ˵үүԺ󻹻ġ
Ң΢ЦȵԴ˵߰ɡпչá
ȵָһתʱһǹū֪ʲôʱͻȻҵǰֻһ˫ͮͮ۾Һȡ
ùū뿪ɡƶͲԶˣСţƶ˵ĻһҪҢٴζ
һ䣬ǹūһΣͳֵķ˹ȥҳҢ΢΢ͷȵС־͸˹ūȥ
ūǸǰһ㣬һֱǰ治ţʼոǱһξ롣
ǰıӣһЩţһȾȻٴλָʶҪǰʱƮɶľͽһһ㡣
ǹūǽͳ˹ڣǽһֱ˷ıԵͲǰˡ
վһƬӵıԵѾéɽǸ޴Ʒ߳ȥ֮󣬱éɽĺɽˡ
ȵ֣ͷһվūǽ͵˰ȫشҲû뿪ҸоЩ⡣
ūлл㡭Ÿū˵һ仰Ҳ֪ܲ
ūƺûκηӦֻһվһźţһ˫Ѫ۾֮⣬ʲôܸһɭɭĸоҲ֪ûĸ顣


491 Ȼĵִ
һڻȪ·Ϲ֮УūΪҢ˷ܲĻȻļҵԺӦʲôֻǲڱˡ
ʱȽʦַҵ첽ߵ˹ūߣһס˹ū֣ȻСĸū˵Щʲôūһء죬ڻӦȣֻ֣ĸһȵԴūһͷʧ֮С
ȱıĳ˹ٴסҵ֣Ц˵СŸ磬߰ɣ
ȡղڸū˵Щ˼ʵ
ȵ˵ͷһȵ˵ȻˣūҲɺˣء
һǶСˣͨ԰Ǹ㶨Ңˣū᲻СѾͷ뿪
ҴŶʦֺһǸƷ˹ȥȵʱ򣬷ɽŻѾˣ˼䣬һǧַү˵Ѿǧַүͻļҷıǡ
Ȼֺ˵ҪɽƳٲֻӦ
éɽĵλҲͦߵģҢȣ˾࣬ŲʮӣͣéɽһϵˣӦʮֺˡ
ǵˮ©ǶҲʮֿ
ÿéɽֽ͵ģЩܲ˼
ڿƷʱҾѾȽǸ֮ڣ˶֪ڣ߽Ҫ˶֪ԼĵƣéɽˣҲҪһЩ
һɽһ߾͸һүүֱʵҸүү顣
ҸҲʶˣȻһֱǿͿģҲ˵ΪɶǸ׽һȻĵִУǵһҸѦСʱǱһٵԵʰɡ
ҵЩ⣬ҲֻǺǵĻӦ˼䣬һЩ滰һжþˡ
ԴˣҲֶһĶʦȤ˵޹Ǻ֣ľر𣬻ｫʦֽ˹ȥָ˼£ȴҲ֪ΪΣʦһ˵Ļûñ˹ҵ˼£вƵŭƺҲôˣŪЩΣֻýʦֻҡ
ҵĻУʦֲ˯İȣһֱҵɽ£תȥӰһͲӰٶҲû˭ˡ
Ŷʦɽʱ򣬶ѾǰףۿٹһҪ
ʱվéɽ£Ȼһֲ֪ȥδӵĸо
ҪھͻϳǵĻҺ»ڼүӣȥѦǿզ죿
ԥƬ̣һǾһȫʱ͸ѦСߴ绰үүûС
֮ұ㻺žݳǵķȥҸطԵͣ˵
ҵ˾ݳǵʱɫѾ˲ˣĵһͤһݱֽʱͿǸʬǺӵűǱֽ˵ɱ˷գʮ꣬Ϊå׹Σų֮ҲӼ߰ߣɫĲģйһζһڷ̫ˣ䶯ȫǣ֤ȷ䣬һ̶ִУƽСӾ͵ðǹӶ
Ȫ֮£õϢĿˡ
֮⣬дƪ˻صдһЩڡ׷桱ı˵һصĴΪһ
Ҿһ̯Ҫһ磬Ż绹ûĹ򣬸ѦС߾ʹһ绰̽Ѱһүү顣
绰ֻѦС߾ͽͨ˵绰ء
˵ҸճéɽСѾָʶұ֮ǰҪá
ѦСߺܸˣȻұүӵ飬ûȥѦҩ̡
ѦС˵үүѾǼңѾ͵λүүһֱûг
˵ҵľᵽɤۣʲôѦҵλүӶˣӦҩǣΪүүһֱûг
ѦС߶Һ˵ǼүֲɣүүеƣƵ˶֪ν⣬ôκõģƻҪʱ䣬үүܱͳ
ѦС˵ЩǣѦС˵үү֮һǵøҴ绰Һûϳǣ˳һʲôʱȥϾɽǰѻľоĽ


492 ɽص
ɽõСĻľоʱҾʹӦѦСߣȥһϾɽǶ£ǰϺõĲƳһѷԺ߽ʱͲýǶ˵ĳӸóˡ
ÿѦСӸó˴ܵʱҾһҪĳ嶯
ʵѦСҲȥϾɽǶԷˣһֱæүүȥԵʣһֱѲһεүүƶκ֮ͿֱȥϾɽˡ
ѦС̽ڣҲİ˲٣ײүӣڻѹǹԹ϶ҪѦλүӱŸͷųҾû˱ķӡ
ԺҲΣֻ֪Σأ߻ħͱɱ֮䣬ҵԸԼ߻ħһҲϼа˵汳ġ
ѦС߸ǣȻ֪ʲô˼ȰûãֻڱĬĬ֧ҡ
ѦС߻ʵǰħҴ˵飬¶ǲġ
һˣ鴫ĿǹģȻѦҶõϢ
ΪүүѦ˵ģʵȻһصϾԮ֮⣬ɵսЩˣҵѦҽΣѦС߱ǴǵĿеõϢ
ѦСһ˵¶ĭӺɣŵ绰ҶоĭһǱüɫ˵СţСӿǳ˷ͷ˵СӵʱַˣǻȪ·ϵĹ廹Ҫ׺һֻ۾ɫһֻ۾Ǻɫģüʮʬͬʱ˺ëʬЩһصаƨĴ֮һħҲճһ̿βˣżûСţˣС㰡ڽϵһᵽ֣ǿɶĴָҲմⲻǡ
ûѦС߳æ͵ЩϹ˵ôı£ʱЩ⣬Һ͸үү֤ǣסħȻʦִӱ͵ϮɹŽħƣȫǿ
ѦСҲ֪ûȥ˵ĻֻǱߺٺЦȻг˼䣬ŵүү뿪Ѧ֮ѦС֪߱ͨһУȻһȥϾɽ顣
£ҳԹ緹ȥĥ⼸ʱ䡣
УҲûʲôˣ˵ҪеĻֻǧַүһѣϸպȹƣֵܵģ֪Ѿ֮ϲѡ
Ҳûʲô⼸컹ǧַүǱĥʱ䡣
˵ǧַүǱ߻԰ȫһڣֵéɽɽŻéɽ£Ща˼ǳıӵҲݳǡ
оǣħ˳Ǹӣ϶֪ĸأʱӦòҵ鷳
뵽ȥ˼ƿþƣ˳Ū˼ˣλƵľͳǧַүסĵط˹ȥ
ߵǧַүʱ򣬿ŵǸͽܣһ̬Աһκ࣬϶ҲЦ⣬ʦأ˵ʦԴ챻֮һֱ˯ڻûء
ҷҲûɶ¶ҵԺ̫ʦϵǧַүȵǧַү֮ѾˣҲûģּȡ
һپƺȵ˰ʱֱֽ֣ǧַүˣҲЩԺҵû¶ǴСȥЩصĵطһԴȹСȵ꣬Ң⽻ҵģһֱ
ȾƵʱרһǧַүݳĵطзسĹ֮ĵطǧַүңطǳǽһɽɽȫǷͷ
ǱǧַүұŶʦ־ͳϱߵɽ˹ȥҵǸطʱѾϰ˵ӡ
ұŶʦɽ֮󣬷ȥȫĹɽˣЩĹںɽ֮䣬վɽʱ򣬾;Χ֣ɽϵķ綼쬵ġ
طһصĵط
ߵһƬϣǬнǸСȵ˳˼־֮֮оƮ˼źɫϢΣСȵģӰ֮Ʈҵߡ
ȺһСŸ֮תֿΧĻһʮֳȻ˵СŸ硭Ҵ
ͶһҾһ˵ţұŶʦ֣ͿһĹԱߵʯͷ


493 ζ
ұŶʦ֮󣬾ͿСѾͷһԾȻƮ˰֮УֵǣСѾͷȻ˼־зǰɷнµģԴԴϵ˷Ʈȥ
ȴӹʶаʱ򣬸ʲôᣬҲԼģĿֲһŻŻ˻ԣĻϾûˣҲûκɱ΢еΪˣ׾ٵĽСȸˡ
һΣҸоñ˰˷֮Щһˣǿ࣬ղǼ־Ҳģģ֪һЩʶԵʣҢרŴڸ
һʮ׺ĴڣүүƴܾˣүүŽǹ£֮׺ͷԩǺԹԲŻ˱Ѫһҡ
ʱҲ֮ܺһССͱڷ
ڵתˣռλֻһƹʶȵԺȥ̽
Ȼյ͹ԩȫָ
ֻһ֞ųڱ֣ص֮еĹ»Ұͬһ֞ųȽЩɵˣЩ»ҰʲôˣǹֱӽЩҰĻǸɵˣԴԼĵУЩˣֱӶЩ»Ұֻתĺ·ΪԺ˲ҵϡ
һУﶼѭģΪǹ̫࣬Żүүԣʲô飬һ˫۾ڤڤ֮ж㣬̧ͷ˵
ԴԴϵСϻ۶ұŶʦֶЩ˯ˡ
Ҫǧַүȵľе࣬һƤЩܡ
ҽ˯δ˯ʱΧĞųͻȻ͵Ĳһ£һſһһֱ˯ĶʦҲȻ۾ĳš
ԭƮڰ֮еȣͻȻҵĶһ£νžͱ
һ׾Ƿʲô飬ʱͻȻתʹŤĳҺһСŸ硭ҡ
˵仰֮ȵʱͻһѪɫɽƮɶȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Щæҡ
ҷӦʱȻѪɫѾƮɳȥ˺Զˡ
ҵһҲ˴룬Ŷʦ־׷Ʈɶȥķһһﻹ룬⵽ôһ¶
ȸղźö˶˵תۼǱʲôסˣҵƤӵ¾ͻһźɫɽƮȥ
ȻźɫƮĺܿ죬Ѿе߶ĹҲ޷׷Զȥķ
׷˴ԼһӵĹ⾰ȻźɫֱӾʹҵǰʧˡ
ֻһգ۵ĹǺɫͲˡ
ͣ˽ŲһŵĺˮһˣȻֻһƬ಻ĹȵӰ
ʱһֱſһĶʦ΢΢۾⶯һ³ıӣȻñӳҵؿڲ¡
Һܿ˶ʦֵ˼ñΧĿ
һڣԼԼҪš
һģҸոմҢｫСȽӳŵһϾͳ¶ˣôܲżء
Ĭһ龲Ŀھ֮ҵ΢һЩʼı仯Ҳ쳤˱ӣȥΧζصŨл㡢ûոɾֽǮɢζ
һζҸ˳һɵɢζص㣡
ƵǣȻҹҲϰ˾ŵӣ˭ôĵӣܵصأ
ζЩ⣬ҴûŹôŵζԽԽ񫣬͸˴һ㣬˼֮󣬾ʶʼЩˡ
ڴʱĶʦֺĽ˼Ҵζлָ˹Ҷʱһ顣
ζԻ˵ã˵֣пܣСȾǱ˸Ūˡ
³Ϊ
Уҵ˳ζң˵ܽȸ
֮ҼŶʦ֣ѭζƮɢķȥҲʲôѦС߸ҵǸлɢĽҩڱ˼£Ҳ֪ܲã֮ȷʵЩˬζҵԻþͼ˲١
ԽǰߣζԽŨңȻ䣬ڰɽһƬյϣҿһӰ


494 궦
ҲǿһӰһӰǰһССĶ¯Ƕ¯Щ֣ȣǸԲԲһĶľһջõ¯ӣ¯ӵкܶοյĻƣǶ¯϶ˣһ׶ϵĴ¯ƮɢһɰɫƮɢ
ǸС¯ͷһĹ棬Ǹ˴һɫ·ҲˣɫֺڣҸݣһֱдʣŲҲڲƶ֪ڸʲôá
ԶԶģҾͿȣƯڰ֮УɫǱǶ¯ӳǶ¯ķȥӿŶŤǸ¯׵ľʱ򣬵Ⱥһ־ڰ֮һ٣϶Ȼðһźɫɷסˣ㲻ٳǸ¯ķƶ
Ҵ˿ȻǸ˻кܳһξ룬֮󣬾ͭǮֱɱȥȸȳ
ʱȫб㰲һЩвɻ󣬵ʲô˴ҹɽصϸǸ¯ʲôãǺʲôأ
һ˲䣬ɻһӿҵԺԣҲûóȻǰҪ˵Ҫʲô
ҷŻ˽ŲһۻеĶʦ֣ڳ˯ӦòܿԾͳǸĿ
èƶԼ֮󣬾Ǻ˻ʮ׵ľ룬ҲһĹ֮͵͵ȥǺԼߵǸ¯
Ƕ¯֮ɲϵðŰɫղŵǹζǴ¯ɢġ
ζܹԻ˵ʶоһ㡣
־ΧĞųٴβͻȻΧЩתͷĹ˵ʱ򣬶ʱŵĵһΧķͷ֮ϣȻƮһĻ꣬Ǹ¯ķƮ˹ȥ
ЩܵǶ¯֮ðζһʮ۾űӣͳǶ¯ķȥ
ЩĻƮǶ¯ʱǶ¯οյķľͿʼ˸Ȼ󿿽¯ЩĻͻһƵĺǸ¯֮С
ԽԽĻ˷ķͷð˳ԽԽ࣬ⳡžˣҸΧһ㡣
ЩĻƺûע⵽ߣһޱȫǸ¯ķƮȥȻ¯˽ȥ
ʼգǸ˺΢΢۾º޹̤ŲҲдʡ
ԽԽĻ곯Ǹ¯ķۣǸ¯Ȼһ˿ĺ⣬Ƕ¯֮ȼһŻһ㡣
ԽˣǶ¯ԽЩĻ껯ٶҲԽԽ졣
ҿȵɫԭװ۵ЦȻ˺ɫѪ˿Ǽֲ˶ˡ
ҿһҲܹһŵǸ¯ͷųζܹɽصĹ»ҰȻȫ˺Ǹ¯֮Уȴ㲻Ǹ¯Ǹʲôõġ
˵ĵδҲ̫һЩéɽ£Ȼܵéɽаı£ǿ϶ͲʲôˣҲ±éɽ˸Ȼƨ
ǲбƲӵ飬ûʲôϵȻ֣ҾͲܸˡ
ǲǸ֣ҶĹ͵Ϯȸһ˵
һĽеͭǮ֮ϣͭǮ뵳һźɫĹâǼʮöͭǮԡ
ҪͭǮɢǸ˵̴ȥʱǸͻȻſ˵ˡ
һΪңϸһԭǶС˵
ѽҽǼһˣһСԶɽصеĹ»ҰˣСѾͷżͽս궦֮С
˵գǼһһ־һֽͳСƮ˹ȥ
뻵ˣȥСȻ֪ʲô³һΪǿɡ
һ̣־Ϳھͬʱ߶еͭǮֶǺ˵̷ȥڷɳȥʮԶ֮ͻȻͷɢ˼ʮöͭǮǺ˵˫ȴ˹ȥ
֮ǳ˫ȴȥΪҲȷ˵ʲô·ҾҪڣǸأû¶ȻܵéɽŵҰ⵨Ҳ̫һЩ
һ֣ͭǮĞųʱǸ˵ע⣬ԭƮȵŻֽʱ˻ͭǮķʹ˹


495 Щ
ڴŻֽͬʱһʲôˣ
һﱻͻȻðҸŵĲᣬӶǵֽڷǷɢ˼ʮöͭǮͭǮʱһӱһ޴ĻȻײǼʮöͭǮϣʱ󲿷ͭǮסˣԾ߰öͭǮǺ˵̴ȥ
Ǻ˶ʱֽţͻȻϳһѳǰ˼£ЩͭǮתͷܣܵʱ򣬻û˽ǸĹϵ궦һ𣬴˻С
ԭⶫ궦ʲô
룬ҽŲͣǸ׷˹ȥ
ǸûüͻȻѿ˼ӣһ˫׹ֱۣһ¾ץסǺ˵ĽףǺ˸ûзžˤ˵ϣòҡ
ǺǱҸŻˣҾոˤҲ˲һʹܿеĽǰ׹ֱۿ˹ȥʱǰ׹ֱնء
ոһЩƣ׹ֱ۾Ǵðģܿ˹ΪҿСͻȻ˰֮У˫־ղǰ׹ֱŪģ¶һʵЩĿ࿴һΣСҴܵʱҲܹҰæˣ⻹һ֮ϲ
ҢҲ˵ˣСʶҾͼʶˣ׹ǴӵŪֶΣСһֻСĵиߣŪ׹ֱ۳Ƚֻһ߰׹Ǽܴӵ˳
㣬ˡ
Ǻ˸ովȾͳƮ˹ȥ˫ֱǺ˵ؿڣ˸߷˳ȥؿŵ궦˵ϡ
ƺӦսæ˼Żֽ˹ȥȱƿһξ룬һ־Ҫȥǵϵ궦
ô֣ٵһ־ɢڸͭǮʱٵͭǮǸ궦ķ˹ȥǸ˸ո֣˻ȥͭǮպþͲ궦Աߡ
Ƭ̵ĹѾϵǺ˵ǰһƾͳź˹ȥǺ˵ֶβҹУо˵ΪҲڲ֮䣬ұǿҲǿ˶١
үģʲôˣéɽҰĹͲéɽϵĵСӴңһ߿ٵĸУһʵ
Ǻ˱ҸƼˣݺݵ˵СӣʲôҪܣǹúӶ£ڹüһ֪ôġ
һ˵ͻȻһ£оЩ죬ô벻ˣǱʵѣǲôôأ
Ǻζһ£ԵһΣıһɤЩɳƵ˵Сӣʱ׽㲻Щ𣿷ϻ˵ɣ
еĽһΣʽȻӿ죬ɱ˹˲ҸоɽֻǰȫλεĽӰۻңˡ
ѵʶңʶҪɱڣղŻҪȲţȴҪɱҡ
Ƭ֮ҾӦԵİ취ֱӽϵͭǮǣɵǸ˵ĺ󱳴һкˣһͭǮıţ˸ܵУЩ಻ˡ
ӱߵǣԭСȵǼŻֽѾȼմ˷ɻƮ˵ϣСû˻ֽвʱҲͷ˳Ưڰ֮Уһźɫɷнµָϱٴһ˫׹ֱͻȻͳǺ˵Ľ£һץסĽŲӣǺһ٣ʱ׼˻ᣬһƾͳǺ˵ؿ˹ȥ
һֻ߳ɵһЩ½
ˣǺһƣҲ˳ȥѪص˵ϣһƣ˵ǿ϶ǲᡣ
һֽͭǮǣ˹УȻתͷһڲݴе궦һѼ궦һУʱоһɷֱ֮͸ĵףһľ϶ʱһź
˳ҵ澭ǼҪߵʱҸоҵ֮зӡŵʱɧ缢ƿʵĸо
궦ҵԺͻȻ͸ֳ»ҰŭľȻ䣬һһ𣬽궦˳ȥ
ɴ˱ĸоĻңһ֮йĵݵѹȥͭǮǸ˻˹ȥ


496 Ƕ
Ǻ˱һƣ˵ĲᣬǲҪͭǮһһСǺ˵סȥ·С׼ûˡ
еͭǮָǺˣ˵˵ʲôˣܵɽسɶˣҾ͸һλᣬ˵Ҿɱ㣡
ͭǮı֮£ӲͣŲСſС죬ǺʱŪŵǺͲҶˡ
ǸӲӣȥǵѪɳƵ˵ʲôܵôǸȡ裬ôҲʲôˣ߾Ȼô׵һСǴ·һߣǽߵģ鲻̫ˣ
ҿѼӡӲȻ㲻˵еǰ취˵Ҫ®ɽĿ˵ţһ־ͳǺϵĺɴץ˹ȥ
Ǹȴʮηҽϵĺɴժһֵֻǰһֻץһͳ˹
˷һ˹ȥǺ˳ûӵֱӴҵĲ˳ȥ
ȻҲ׵ķһΣͳǺ˶ȥֱӽеͭǮǸ˵Ĵȸ˹ȥ
еͭǮֶһâּֿǺֻܣûзź棬ʱͭǮĴϻһѪӣѪǺ˷һҽУʱԵ˵ϣҿ첽ͳǺ׷˹ȥ˵ʲôҲҪ˭
ڴʱͻȻһ֮ʲôҷ˹
̧ͷһȻһĹ𣬺žͳ˹ĹǴӵֱӾͷģֽҸûκηһҪǱĹУҿ϶С
СŸ磬Сġ
һ۵СͻȻҵǰǿصĹȵϣײҵϣǿĹһ˳ȥˤʮ׿ĵط
һƿĹбһȻĹײҲᣬȵǰģҪµĻ϶£СѾͷôһСܵĹػ
ƿĹһѱȵʱ򣬵ʱ޵ĶˣȺǱǿĹĳ˱˶ıˡ
ȡȡû¶ɣɱҡץֽƬƵӣͿ˳
СŸ磬ҡû¶һֻ֣ҵļҲɿȡ
Сһ˫ӣǱƤһ㣬ָֻԭɰӡ
ֲҢ˵Сȱ˷֮󣬻ҵһð֣ôԹۺЧ
ҾѾᵽˣǱ˰ķǲһı˻ܸԭ
ղһҲˣǸˣһġ
Ҳ¶ôģղǸĹǸĹģ
վͭǮջУʱ򣬴ĹͻȻ߳һӰһƮһݣżĹƮȻ˸ղŵǸ˵ߡ
Ǻ˿ӰʱǼ˾һ㣬Ű˵ҡҰһҾͱСӸɱˡ
ûõĶ鶼첻ãҪʲôãǸӰһʮֲõĺǳ
ǸߵҲЩɳơ
ûáС̫ˣֲǲ֪Ǻֵ
ˣѵʶңҪȻô˵Ļ
궦أʵ
ղűСӸˡֱˡǺ˵
ߵ۾ɨһۣһλãȻһ֣ǱҶڲݴе궦ͷֱ˵С
߿һе궦Сķϣ̧ͷһۣ˵СӣԲģƫƫǷҪ£ͲҪϷĺˡ
˵ţͻȻһֻ֣һѾץסԵһĹĹ˵ҲҪٽһץΪǾţĲˣȻߵĶ֡
һʤ㶼ûУǺһЦ˵ǰǰ֡ᣬǶᣬ˵أɽصأǴСģղλ궦Ļ꣬ȻСһҲˣǾСУŸλ


497 ɱ
˵ʲôˣɡ߸˵Ļᣬһֱ֣ӽǿصĹҪҹ
һ֣ȵȡ
֮٣û뵽ľͣʵ֮ǰ㻹ʲôҪ˵
̾Ϣһε˵˵λǰôأҸղŶ㽲ˣҲǹҪλ綯ֵģȽС˹Ҳһʱļλⶼһᣬûж¶ѵҪҿɸ㣬éɽĽ£һִˣéɽˣʱܶܲˣȰǻǸϽ߰ɡ
ȻϷ֣һéɽˣЦСӣϻ˵ɣʮֿһԲϣͶ֡
һ֣еǿ鼸ٽĹЯһķƳ˹ȻվкȸϽ㵽֮УȻ򲻹ҲֻͨܽŵĨͣϽҪ
Դһ֣ҾͿˣΪߵģʮһҲϼһĶ֡
ڲܵĻֻ·һ
ңҷɽص궦Ļܣ϶Ҫɱڵġ
ߵǣڸ֪˭ɱҺҲû̫á
ȻǺܹɣ֪ʮأһƺâ֮УұŶʦָһתǿ޴Ĺͳҵĺ˹ǶǿĹзǰͬʱӿٵһǰǿĹҵĺ󱳾ͷ˹ȥ˲ԶļĹ֮ϣʱЩĹҵķ飬ʯмŽҵϣǵӸһۡ
Ҳ˲ʹһη𣬳ɽ·񱼶ȥ
߸Ͳһ뿪һԾ𣬳߾ͷɱ
Ĺʮһ˫ЩĹ֮ѵˮһ㣬ٵĳ߱ƽʹ˳̵֮ľ뻹ǲϵ
߲׷ңʱʱĽĹ߹һֻûæӦԣǱüЩŪĹС
־ţܵһûƵӣһʵ˵λǰҹȥֲ֪˭Ūʲôô
˾֪ˡͻȻһΣһԾϸߣͷ˹ȥֱӵҵǰҵһæס˽Ųȥ
߾վҵǰûż֣һ˫Ŀң֪һӲȥˣҲ˺ݣһֱֻŶʦ֣һֻеͭǮָߣݺݵ˵һͲʲôˣҪȻҲĹҲܣҲκ˵ʶĸϽÿһҪȻ϶ڴ̥
˵ǺǵЦ˵ֻ˵Ͳʵ䵽Ϸ϶ǻˣϷǺʶһ£Һڵġ
Ļδ䣬Ҷ˵ֱӾͽͭǮߵؿ˦˹ȥͭǮһâֱߵĿѣ˦ȥͭǮͬʱҵĽŲҲٵƶһƣҲߵĿ˹ȥ
һɱУһֲҪڳԸҵͭǮ϶ƣ˵ܳû֣ϼһʱҾͿԼˡ
ȻҷԼȫˣǰѱʮ߶ͭǮߵĿѵʱָ߱ͷֱӼסҵͭǮͭǮǱסҰޣأûƢâҲ
ʱѾߵߣһƾͳؿ˹ȥ
һĳȥ֮ЩˣΪ߷һߣٵһֻ֣Ҳ˹գۼĹ˵ƾһ
ϵɶ¶ûУҿ϶ǵ˳ȥ˵ϣʱһѪӿһѪɤۣıҸ˻ȥ
һֱŵĶʦҲݺݵˤ˵ϣŴײһԵĹ֮ϣĹˡǲһ춯мѿһ϶
ȥʦֵԴôӲĹײѺۡ
һ£ֱӽʦָײ˹Щ̫⣬˻ԴĽû˯


498 ðĶʦ
߼˵أûдŹңһΣһֻ֣ҵؿھҪ
˵ʱʱ죬һ˶ӰͻȻһΣҵǰǸոĶʦ֣һ׵ʱ򣬶ʦͻȻһƺȻӾͱһ޴ĻȼܵĻ⣬ǹȵ¶ȣһ˲ͽҵüëͷˣ»ۡ
Ҳ˲ϵˣĺ˼ȡŻðĶʦԶһЩԶһЩ
ȻڿʦͻȻı֮ҲһɶͻȻһ٣Ҳ˳ȥʦֻȴǲģӻһ޴Ļ򣬳߾ͳ˹ȥ
߲֪Ǻ¶ʦأһʱ벻ӦȻҲתͷӰһΣ˲ԶĹ
ʦһſڣ³ȭͷСһŻ磬׷߾ͷ˹ȥ
ߵٶȷɿ죬תŲ֮ԳһѸݣʦĻ׷߷һξ룬ջһĹ֮ϣ䡱һͽĹȼˡ
Ƭ֮Ĺֱӱյͨ죬Ȼѿɫʯɢһء
Ŷʦȥ׷ɽصĴܣȴţȥˣʦȻǾ師ı£ߵΪֲͣϼһﷴӦ뵽˶Ըʦֵİ취ǻһ
Ҫ׵İ취С
Ȼ䣬һ뵽һ취ܿӻһŻֽ߶һΣǻֽȼ΢΢ı۾˼־һɷнµӡ
ȼջֽʱǹ߿ģŪĶܴ
ǻֽȼոɾ֮ٴνͭǮŶʦֵķʦ֣ȶһѾȼ֪ͨéɽڵҢˣ˼Ҿͻ֧ԮǣʰϼһȥɱǸСġ
˵ţͭǮͳŸղűҴ˵Ǹ˱˹ȥ
Ǻһҳ˹ʱŵĴʧɫߺҡҰ
˵ţСŽһȳһյľͳɽ·ȥ
׷Ǻ˵ͬʱͷ߿ȥƺǱҸղŵĻŵˡ
վһ޴Ĺ֮ϳܾĿһۣͳҵķ׷˹ʦȻǽ
׷Ǻˣ׷ңߵǶʦ׷ᡣ
ߵܿ죬߾˹һƳ˹ӲҪɱңֻһаˣһγԱһͶ˹ȥ
ֻЩ뿪һĿ֮󣬽һ䣬һ͵ǸҴ˵ĺߣȻץǺ˵Ӿͳɽµ·ȥ
ʦ־һһಡһ¾ʹ߱ȥˣ׷߶ȥһһ߻Ľš
ˣгһһƨɾ
ղĺգҪǶʦͻȻο϶Сˡ
ҲҿһǣȼֶȻҿ϶ǲȼĹģղҲֻӣ߿Żһˡ
϶룬éɽôһĻȼֶΣҢǰֶΣҪéɽҲͼӵĹ⾰ͻҵǰǱᶯһЩֶΣسɴ磬зʮνգۼڤ֮صʱ򣬾Ңù
Ң˿éɽڵĳϣһ֮Ϊéɽ֮䲻˵ǵһǰӦûɶ⣬Ҫǳ߿϶ûˡ
ټ϶ʦ֣׷ᣬǻڳĻ棬³Ļ磬һᱻճһѻҽ߼Ҳϻ˴⬣Զʦָ޴֡
ֵһ˵ǣǶʦƺǰˣԭϾֻðһĻ磬ֱӱһСҲȭͷСĹյͨ죬Ǵ˵лĻޡ
Ҹоζʦ֮ǳǺĸʬԵʣǹɰѾڶʦֵ˷Ӧ
ЪϢƬ̣˼ղŸ߶ƴһƣˣ⼸֮ǲܸ˶ˣһ;ؿ۵
ȻֵĶʦֵİΣһ·׷ȥһ߸Ǽˣٶʹɱֿզ죿
ͭǮŶʦ׷ȥķ˹ȥ


499 ˯׷;
һ߳ŶʦֵķȥһĺŶʦֵ֣һ·׷ɽ£ȴûпʦֵټԶɽ·ϣϵĻ濾˲ٻĲݣѭ⿾ĺۼҲ
ҿɽ϶ĹҪһƬïܵͶʦϵĻ𣬹ܹһ֡
׷һ·ûҵʦ֣ûпǸߺͺ˵ټҲ֪ȥ
һ·ĺۼɽ¾ûˣʦֺƾʧһ㡣
Ȼ䣬һõԤоϮͷǶʦֱ߸Ū˰ɡ
һ뵽ϰµģʼڸĻĲݶѰҶʦ֡
ͬʱһȸ˳һңǶһҪ뿪ҵߣһη飬ЩڻҿɲһȱߣҿûȥһλȪ·ˡ
ҲΧĻĲݣżæŵŶʦ֣ͻȻºʲôˣһ򣬲һˤڵء
ΪղŰסҵһʯͷǵһȥʱ򣬶ʱЩЦˡ
ԭҲһľȻǶʦ֣һҲ֪զˣȻֱڲݴ˯ˡ
ƽһμ׷˵ģ׷׷ڰϾȻ˯ˡ
һ﾿ж
ҡͷЦһ߹ȥʦֱкСȣϽ뿪
߻۷֪ƭȻʹɱ֡
Ҵ뿪ɽصأֱžݽȥʱʮһӣСǵ˵ҹŸոտʼ
߼׺ҲҶ֣ÿһطصԱһ֮䶯ص˱ȻҪ飬صҼݣҸ߼ԣֻҪҶ֣ҿ϶ù
ðɣԼοһԼǸϽ߰ɣţ̫֣һϼһ۷ҿ϶ùġ
ص˳֮ҲСùסˣֱһƵ꣬һ䷿Ŷʦ־ס˽ȥ
ľƵ˵ǰȫһЩġ
飬аˣֵطԺȥΪ
һֱƣéɽĵؽ磬ʵܵ񣬾Ͳéɽô
ڱݵķһεĽСȸ˳еûб궦˵һ飬Сȵεľ֣ңоǸ궦ĶʮֲֿһȥͲٳˣʶԻٴαҿéɽλүүҲҢǼ촫һЩзڹؼʱ̣ûб궦С
ֻҪȥ϶û˵ģҴһۿɰȣȷʵûʲô⣬ŷ
ʦֻڳ˯ԴԾδС־һû׿ӻ
˴ϣҲЩˣڴϣ㿪ʼĿУ˳ԼˣҺһûϣֻǸҶƴһƣҪȻҷǵ˲ɡ
Сñ˰˷ϵʱԸС죬ܹ߶ҲܹԱݵĵӺܺ棬ңȥӣҲȥ
һҹ޻е³һʱˬ۾ʱ򣬷Ѿص֮Уʦֻں˯
򵥵ϴˢһ飬ұ㱧˶ʦ֣ų˵͡
ѦС߻ûиҴ绰˵үүѦû뿪ұ뻹ҪھݶһЩʱգܾЩǣٹ鷳
ȻéɽˣܲٻȥҢѰӻоЩ̫ˡ
˼һЩƣȥǧַүӦ֪ݸֲéɽ֮⣬ʲôĽɫ̾᣿ܴܲõһЩõϢ
ǧַүʱ򣬿ŵǧַүͽܣԴǧַүҳֵ֮ͽܶҲʮֿ溰ʦ壬ͱһʮ꣬Һܲڡ
ǧַүûѾƣҺ֮һֱԵɵɵģ˼ƿþƣɫʱͱˣ˵СֵܡܱܲһͺȾˣüһȵģ֪ԼʲôˣǸúȲ裬ϸȺòã
ǧַү汻ҺˣרźȾƵģҪȥˣȲҲͦõġ
ʱ磬СԺʯǰ˹裬ǧַүģһֱЦеģһۣʵСֵܡ⼸һֱھݳǣǲʲôҪ


500 Ĵʥ֮һ
⼸ǧַүദĲоҲǸͦˣǺȾⷽ˵û׻˵ĺãƷƷÿһǧַүȲңÿζŵһֱȵΪֹĵط֪Ƭ
ټǧַүҲʲô£ʱһϾӵĹ˼Ҳǵеʲô˶͵ʱ˼ҲӼһЩ
ǧַүϴֲˣ˼ͽܣͽﱲˣĲţһһǧַүͽһϾûʲôˣǧַүֱȽɢͽͽڹ̣ܽγǲΣǧַүĵ͵һ㶼̫֤пʲôĶᶪɳſڣôҲҪ·
ϴθǧַүȾƵʱ͸˵ʵϴβⷢǬоֻǬһҲоéɽͷʬߣǴӲʺֵ棬ǶֵţǮıˣȴûнЩһ͵ߣǧַүı£ʱ͵еķǶСһҿ϶ҲҲǸ˻·
ʱеıˣҹƵʱһԴײĶˣҺü˴ķﶪˣ˶û档
ƾЩҾͿԶ϶ǧַүĲǸɽѣȻкöˣһһطŽɣ̰ƻɫҪ
ǻ˵ҸǧַүЩ˵Щ˵㵽Ϊֹ
ǧַүھǲʲôʱҲǺǺһЦǵĻѵҲû飬éɽһˣ˳ҡ
ǧַүȾƵʱʮѣЩҲʣֻ̾Ϣһ˵СֵܰʵҲ˵ˣϷȻѾòڽǽϵϢͨģɵǼ¶ϷҲˬССֱͣӽǺнʮħɷˣʵģԺȻǰ;ϷҪѣħԺ߽ͿҪСĽһЩˣϷ֪ħ˱࣬ĴرҪ鷳ЩûУ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷһ¶;Щ꣬ѾˣҲûãүǾ͵óţһ㲻¶Ҳ£ĿǰҪѧãܱչԼˡ
Ȼǧַү˻ϻӣҲ˳㽫Ͻɽصص򵥵ĸǧַү˵һ£˰û˵֮⣬ȫ˵ˣҿɲ˭˵һСһǸееĹΪ˶ˡ
˵£ǧַү⣬ͬʱҲЩ𾪣Ҳû뵽éɽΧ֮ڣȻа˳ûһôĸ֡
ǧַүеɻǣΪɶҹܵɽصء
ֻ˵ǵʱȶˣֲ죬֪ߵǸطʱǺ궦ȡɽصصĻꡣ
Ҳ֪ǧַүŲ˵ĻԴҽ֮üͷͽ
ãǧַүĵ˵ȣ˿϶ǾܱߵˣΪéɽΧ֮ڣû˸ôĿŵа
ǧַү˵꣬ҾȲĴĻʵһﵽʲôˣûüĿ
ɻ顭ǧַү˴̹ӣરવĳ
ǽһٴʵ˵ϸ磬ܱܲӣɶ¶ֱ˵ˡ
ǧַү̧ͷһۣɫҲʶȴ֪õǸķ궦ԨԴġ
һϷֱĿǧַү˵
ǧַүһ̣һŨ˵궦аһصĴʥ֮һϷûмǴĻ궦ӦħУħѾСӸˣյĺڲʱڲ֣ܳоǸǲħ
æҡͷȻܣħǻɻҲϵãͽأҵħƴҲһŵġ
ǿɾˣһصĴʥֱĴϵУħŵı궦Ȼħ˭أǧַүҲƵ
ҸоûɶƵģħֵµĸأħҼܶ࣬Ǹ֡жϵ


501 ϢϢ
ǧַүһصҡҡͷ˵СŰ̫ˣ궦Ȼ֮Ϊаʥʲô˶õֵģħţҲܽ
ǲ궦ܰħٵˣԲ˳ռĻꡭһεԶ󿪡
һΣǧַүֱӷһۣǶЩ˵Сӻˣ궦ֻɱõķھˣǸܵ顭
ֻ궦ռĻ֪꣬궦ɱˣϸ磬ɷͽ̣ɫ
궦ɱˣҲǺ˽⣬ֻǵ;˵ˣ궦ǣǧʺ˶ʱսЩĹ»Ұлͻͽרɻ꣬ʮֿɲ궦һʬҰⶫаԣѾö궼ûڽ¶ˡǧַү˼˵
ôһ˵ȴһ飬궦ôħĶΪʲôһΧصʱ򣬲ħⱦóأ
öãǲǸɵӣҪôħŵʱΧصòŶ궦оһΪܵĿܣǾǵʱ궦ħϡ
ߵĿԻǱȽϴġ
ʱ궦ǧַү˵ôĻصЩˣҺүӣ»ڡ
궦éɽͬСɣǧַү˵¶ֵ֪ͨˣéɽɳֳھݵؽϼŲ飬Ƿǣնݳǽ궦ˣº󻼡
ǧַүһͦջģ֪ɽصһصˣ벻ͨǣΪɶǷҪéɽؽռĻ꣬صصУﲻܣͶ
ҲԸ룬鶼ȥˣԺСһЩˡ
Һǧַүĵӣ˵㷹ҲûкȾơ
һصݵʱɫҲ΢΢ȥһԼϾŵӵĹ⾰ҾͱŶʦֳ˱ݵĴţſڴһֱȥĴҽԺ
˵ط֮ҽȷ˳һƫƧĽ䣬ʼ
ɽصأûеȥˡ
ˣĹ⾰ÿ쵽ϣҶȥصĵط˺ҹŻҲûʲôϡ顣
ھݴĶЩͷˣڵ糿ͻȻͽӵѦСߵĵ绰һϢǾҼүѾѦˣھͿԻУȻһֱϾɽǶ¡
ϢȻʮָ˵ģһǴѦСߵĻһ˿쳣Ҵ绰ʱߣƺЩ֮ദʱ䳤ˣȻ˽Ƣԣʲôһֹӡ
ʣѦС߸˵ֻҴӾݻ֮˵
Խ㣬ҲǾòԾʱСֱӽҵĵ绰ˣҺòơ
ȻˣҲֻһ˵Ļ𳵣ֱУһ·֮϶硣
ҵеʱѾʱˣѦСߴһ绰ʲôطھУȻԼ˵ص㣬Ҵֱӹȥ
ҿѦСߵʱСѾһСҪ˾Ʋ˵ˡ
ҳСݵſڣСӼΪĳһ˻֣ʾҳǱȥ
ߵߣСӸҴ绰ôµģɶ¶绰ﻹ˵ײɣ
ѦС΢΢һЦʾȻŵСŰ⼱ӵøĸģһ·ˣȳԵӣǿġ
ֻѹסеĺ棬ѦСߵĶ棬ʦַϣҪſ˵ЩʲôѦСֵ߱СȻָʶûУ
ҵͷ˵ǿ϶û⡣
ͺãһϢһϢһϢ벻ѦС߼ΪɫĿҵ
С߸磬ʲôʱôˣɶ¶ֱ˵͵ˡЩͷ˵
ɲУҵиḶ́ѡһɣϢϢѦСԵ
ĽĲУ˵ǺðɣϢ
ѦСߵ˵ͷ˵ϢүѾʱҼλүҽκˣ֮ڲκ⡭
һѦС˵ҵ͡⡱һ£ɫˣЩ𾪵˵ѦСߡղ˵ɶʲôʱҽκˡʲô֮ڲ⡭


502 ѩ
ѦС̾Ϣһ˵ҽҪ˵ĻϢˣ糿ʱ֮ûٵ绰㣬Сһ·ʳѰȻѾˣͲòˣģ϶Ҳ֪үүе䳤ϵƣƶ綾ޱȣ䳤Լ⣬ƶ˻ᾭޱʹĥÿ쵽ϱһһ㣬һң˾ˣҼλүо˺ü죬վûг׻үүƶе˹ʮ룬ҲֻǽƶʱѹסΪ֮꣬үƶȻж
ѦС˵Ҽֱ׻һ㣬˶ҲܽܣҲҽܣүүֻܻꡭôܡһ˲䣬ҸоҵᶼۿתˣԴһƬ
һֱѦ󷨽λүжһĴڣ˻һڣܽ˾Ȼҵ˶ܸһΪʲôƫƫȲүү
֮ҲŲ˵ѦҲҽôλүôβүүˡУүүҲŴүѪٶ֣ƶôء
ѦСҡͷٴ̾Ϣһ˵СŰҼλүȻųҽҲеĲҽΣүүȻŴ˰ٶֵʣҲеĶ֣֮ǰ͸˵һһֶġҪүүаٶֵʣҲŲ꣬һѡ
һһֱۿתûסŴŵȫ˶ʦֵԴϡ
ƺǸоҵıˣʦ˯ۣҿһۣͷ¸ɾҵᣬϹ£ڰοһ㡣
С߸硭ֻܻ꣬ǻûƽķӣһǲĵʵ
ֻôһʣûб̫Ļ룬֪ѦСȴ˵ͷ˵еС
ʲô˵ٴδѦСߵĻ
ѦС߿һۣɫҪүүȬĻһ취Ҫһ
ɶһδѦСߵĻ
ѦС߶ʱˣ˵Сţܱܲôżܲһѻ˵ꣿ
ðɡ˵˵ҼĪ˵
ҪҵⶫѩѩҲԷֿ˵һǽ󸣬һѩºĶүеƣƶĲԽѩܹסƣƶװγ
ѦС˵죬ѦС߻л˵סˣֻҪа취ͺãûа취ΪСȣڤһ⣬ΪүүҸûвҸɵ顣
ѦС߶һ£ֵѩһֱ֪亱еݣ˵ʵѩɽ̫Ѱؼ󸣬ʮϡУѾнһٶ궼û˼ˣԣͳһ⣬ѦѾȥķˣѦڳ֮ϵϴҲ˵һһүүѦǬڴְǸ˭ƲӦǱߵԴḻģһѩĶ취ȡүүβϣɺãϾ󸲢ٶδܹҽүƶ֮ܣһѩ̱˼ʮˣҲҩָԣѩȻҪõ֣̫ˡ
ѦСһ˵Ҹոȼϣ˲ˣȥڤ֮͵˰Ҫϰٱ
֪˰ʲôطܹҵ󸶼һٶûˣ˵ѾָȥѰأ
˲䣬Ҿ˪ӣԴʱ޿
ѦСȴҵļ򣬰οСţҲ̫ģ¶ѦһֱģЩ꣬Ѧҵѱ£˭øѦҸӣѾĴˣһ˶Ǿȥң˭ҪǸҸֱӴѾģʵڲУүүֻҪнѩǱȻǵġ
鵽ֵزҲҲýܣܿҾ侲ɫС߸磬үүܻ飬Լ֪֪
ѦСҡҡͷ˵¶϶ܸүһ˹Ұ׵Ĳ˵ƶǰ֮Խ¸㣬ϣһŬҵѩүӰѲκãҶѦж¶һΪ


503 ð
ѦСô˵ʵҸжŽмŽֵܡ
ܰүүԼүүֵܣ벻˭еġ
ƽѦСΪ˻գ֣˵ðɣҶ˵ˣˣҲҪ鵱һָҪһֶϵԼΪǽѩ֪ʲôʱͻðʱб´ڶУȷ鲻ᣬ˵һ϶ûԷɡԹ֮ǾȥϾɽ֮ǰҾѾǶϵˡ
˵ţѦС߾ͿʼвˣأоûθڣʲôԲζǺҰ˼ڣǿ˶ӡ
Թ֮ǱѦСѾϵ˳ӣҺѦС߸ʰҾ˳
еϾɽԼٹҲҪСʱӦ춼ˡ
صԵʣڳ϶ô˵һֱŹڽѩ飬һ뵽үүܹʱɽһ㡣
ȻһУүӶ֪
ڳϣѦС߿Ҿ״̬ãܽһЩӶңʵЦ˼㡣
޶ԣѦСҲͲٴңǴнʦֽ˹ȥвͣİ𿴶ʦֳĺʵ˯һСһ㣬֪ѦСڱҲûκαʾֻƤһۣܿٴ˯ȥ
Ӻܿ˸٣˾һСӣѦС֮ǰҽܹ˵һѣֽСǣԼˣȥ飬˳ͽǡ
ϳ֮ҸĴк֮û˵
֪УɫͺһδʱؿͻȻһϢҴʧ״̬˹һҶ𣺡СŸ硭Ķˡ
תͷһɫһƬҲûж룬ֱ˼־óǸһɺɫ֮Ʈɢ˳Ļ۳һΣƤɰСȺֳܿĺһСŸ磬ҵԣһȵѦСߡ
ΪȵǸ˾СǣȻһСŮæͷһۣŵһҽУҡһΣһǼ˾Ҫ
ڹؼʱ̣Сǻס˳ӣŵĲתͷʵ⡭СŮǴðġҡҸղôûп
ղŵһţҲ׻عųʱҲûж룬СǵĴڣѦС߻ã֮ǰȣһͨͻȻԼһİСŮŷ˲Ź֡
СǵĵӻǱȽϴģܵĿֻٶȽ˺ܶࡣ
֪λشѦСȴǰ˵Сֵܣ£ֵܻղСѾͷģģСѾͷͦɣˡ
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Сûлػֻǵ˵ͷھ֮С
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ͦģһƤɰʼմЦȣҵıᱻЦڻǰȵԴ˵С߸磬㱻ץסʧʶλһ취κõġ
С߸áȺǹɵĺһ
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һ·ϣȵĳ֣ձĻԾЦڳصţҵҲࡣ
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ڣϾɽҲһ羰ùݵǣϲȱǮÿγŶǮϣԱʱ֮裬ԸѦСһȽϺõùס˽ȥ
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ֲûһ˼͵ӵˣҺѦС߶ûп˳ʲôӡ
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509 סɽ
ѦСԭȥ׷ôһ˵ʶԣͣ˽ŲЩĵ˵СšͲ׷ˣЩզ죿
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ѦС̾Ϣһε˵ֵѼӶˣǴݾߣԺ׽ǿ϶͸ϼˣǺá
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ѦСҲΣҡҡͷȣǰԭ·أžƵķȥ
һʼ·Ʈţߵ˵ĵطСѾͷƮǣ֣žƵķȥ
һ߻صŵĸʱ򣬷ִŵ඼̯ˣֻʣȵļ˻ںȾơ
һ·ϣҶ˵飬ǵʲô·ܺӵʲôأ
һ˷ѽ⡣
Թкܶа̵˶СаеӤеúͯҵһμʬŵʱǼͷޱü̵ֶƳɵģǺСӤпǻĥ֮ټĻǣŻЩͷޱޱȶ񶾺Ͳ̣һ뵽;ÿֻţ˰СҲ˵飬ûܹǣͻһĸС
ԸЩһжðɡ
һģǻص˾Ƶ֮С
ֵĻǸŮԱһǻʮָˣǴкššȵСִȵʱ˻ü˵ѽСѾͷôôأɽҹŸöഩ·ģѺӸˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˼䣬Ҳû˵ȵСֳŷ˹ȥ
ţһС϶ɭɭģܲô
ص֮ѦС߻ǰ̾Ϣģ˶ٿǮƵģ֪ʲôҲûֱӾڴϣ·һԼƣղŸƴʱϱĽ˼ӣ˿Ҳһ㡣
ϸһ־ò̫ܣӶܰˣǵɥĲʲôزôܶأ
ѦСߵҺ࣬ϾһѪӣҾֻǲһƤ
ЩСˣѦС߸һҩ۲˲ҾͿʼڴϱĿС
ʵսĴԽܻ࣬Լʵ̫һʼеʱ򣬾;ԼţĲУѾͨˣǼʶ̫и֮Ҳ֪ԼֻǾ֮ܣЩȣ治һǰ
ֲܼҪʱ
үүˣҸүүҲˣүţʱ˰ɡ
֮ȾԱֿ˵ӣѦСƣշת࣬һרУֻǾͨҽ֮ˣҲֻΪ˼򵥵ķѡ
һʼҲ޷רУﶼһЩ߰飬㻨˽СʱŽ˸о֮С
ʱѾѾص֮УѦС߻ں˯ʦֲ֪ɶʱѦСһ𣬶ҶʦֵıöѦСߵ죬һ˯ĺ
֮󣬱ŶʦָѦСһǣѦСһʦʱĵĲУ˼£Ҳû˯⡣
Ͻϴˢ첻ˣ϶ȥǶ£Ū֮ǻûϼңС˵ʱѾ飬˼ҲרŵǡҴߴٵ
ѦСߺܲԸ۾ͳ˹ȥ
ϴˢ߳ʱѾǾŵˣھƵ˷䡣
ϵǸŮûӦֵҹġ
ͦõһӣûлˡ
˾Ƶ֮ѦСһ⳵˵һط˾ǹȥˣ᫵ɽ·֮ʻ˶ʮӾͣΪǰû·ˡ
˳ӿʼУһ·֮ϣҺѦС߶ûô˵˶Ϊϵ鹢ڻ
һ·֮ҾѦСΪʲôǶԷȴ绰֪һһȥ֮ǲڼզ죿
ѦСȴңǶԷ򸾶ʹִĵӲƷסɽ֮УֻҲûźţϵϣһϵ֮ǰ˹ǵġ


510 ͼ
òֲõӲƷ߻ͦ࣬ҲһߵͨҼүӣ㷱æҲὫֻϣͨΰƽת
ڵĵӲƷȷʵܹӰ죬Ҹоȴ΢΢ԺԲƵģȴΪӰһҲǲԵģڸֹеʱ򣬱һǰпڶԷУһԭǣִĵӲƷǺϰߣҲⶫ
ǶЩ˵ֻһֲϰߣϵҲ㡣
벻׵ǣѦС߸ǶµͲǺܴҲʮӣͱҴʮ꣬ӦøѽڲǣôҲֻأ
ѦС߸˵ɽûźţȫ˵ҡ
᫵ɽ·첽Уһֱߵʱ֣ûߵǶסĵط
һһܣѾߵɽ֮УһׯˣȻûе
ѦС߻һֱǰߣֻڱĬĬĸš
ˣ˲аСʱĹ⾰ǰϴһƬ֣ʮïʢѦС߲Ÿ˵Ƕ¾סƬ֮Уһ
ߵԱߵʱѦСָŶƬֲ򵥣ֲרŲһ󷨣İͼֻõİͼʯԲɵʯ󣬰ݼ׷ֳˡݡšţ仯ˣɵʮ򾫱Ӹɵģǲ֪󣬻ʧ򣬸߲ձ档
ѦСȴҷģڴ绰ǶԷϵ֮ǰѾѦСν󷨵ķ֮лһЩصıǣֻҪҸ棬ܿҵǶԷ򸾾סĵط
ҽŽɵĸѦСߵ֮Уư˹գͣתȦӣѦСÿһξܻͣǰֿϼۣȻŻǰߡ
һʱ棬ѦС߾αλģѦСصĸңҪ֪νȥʵܼ򵥣Щ֮лһЩӵֲѷֱ棬һֲߵķߣ϶ߴ
ŻȻ򣬻ΪҪʲôӵأԭô򵥣ѦС߻ǰװһģ
֮Ƶ˰Сʱ֮ǵǰͻȻһܴԺ䣬ͰһƬ֮С
ԺɫשߣȥӦЩͷˡ
ҺѦСߵԺԱߣһԺţʱűˣһӵͷǵǰͷͣ滹ϴһǰһӾ磬޹˵޹޹һ޶
˿ȥиʮ꣬ͷףһʼҺѦСߵʱЩԾִһЩ˵˭ôҵطģ
˵֮ͷһۣû˲Ű˲١
ǾȻһ㡣
ѦСһ֣˵ϲ½ѦСߣɽҶѦҩ̶֮ǰ´ԼõģͷһѦɽҶйá
ѦСԱţͷҲûʲôɫֻſԵƬ̣֪һϾͻظǣ˵֮󣬻Ÿˡ
Щ⣬˵ѦС߶¿йģȻүӣҺѦС߲ԶǧҲͰˣ̬ȣЩܲˡ
ҿһѦСߣЩƵʵС߸磬ʲô˵Ӧ֪ǣΪʲôſڻǽȥͨһ
ѦСߵɫҲ̫ÿЩõ˵ʲô飬ż
ҸѦС˵ʱ򣬴Լ֮ԺһŲʮּ٣Ƭ֮ŴˣǿŵĲǸղǸͷһʮˣʮţ촽ϻƲСӣһɫ鲼·ʮʡ
һſ֮ûݵ˵˱ʮ˵ѽ˴ݹ٣ʧԶӭ롭롭ѦϵܰЩæˣ˳ȥˣֲǡ
´ˡֲǲʶ·ԼãҪ鷳ˡѦСҲ˵
ĻѦҶǳ¼жСæв֮վˣ쵽
˱ҵˣ֮ǰѦС߸˵˺־ʮͱ֮ϴټͷҲһˡ


511 С
͵кѦС߽ȥʱע⵽ѦСԵң߿һۣ˵Ѧϵܣλǡ
ѦСæ־ܵһǣʬҵĺˣкֵһˣ´粻ְɣ
һѦСңǳ־ɫһ䣬ЩԾܿͷӦ˹˵š⡭λϷ贫Ľ㣬λһصħ
˳Сֺ޵С߸ѦС߳ҺٺһЦԲѵ˵
ȥôʲôţѦСҲ̫ûˣʲôСֺ޵С߸ѦСߣүġ
ûƲһѦСߣ۵ѦСȴһЦģ
æ˯ĶʦַŽǬһ֣˵´磬ڽ޳ңռˣʵңС߸Ϲ˵˺ܲ׵ģſ϶Լġ
־ʮָˣһЦæֹһסҵ֣Щ˷ܵ˵ϵܴݹ٣ĳ֮ӭӭɡ
˵ţ־͸֣ôһΣͻȻ־üͷһʹɫŵæָɿˡ
룬Ҳûʹô۳ӡ
ͷһֳ־ֿЩףֵ̿´硭ôˣ
û¶û¶ǰʱ򣬲Сһ£޴󰭣ǽȥ˵ɡ
˵У־ÿһ·ǳԺȥ
ҺѦСܵ˳־ⷬкƽһЩԺȥ
СԺͦ£˲ٸɫĻһ߽Ժپ˱ǣƢֱԴһ㡣
Ժӣ־Ǵһ֮УһȫǹӵʽҾߣɫڴûмɽˮһڸ֣֮Ӧü۸񲻷ơ
˷ֱ֮󣬺ܿӿĲ߳һŮӳŮӳףһͷٲĺڷһֱ䣬Ƥ֬ϸһ鲼һǰɫģһƮƮ֮Уʳ˼̻
ŮҲҸоҲͶʮ꣬Բʮ
ŮһЩߣŲӯĳɫ΢΢Щݣ޶һ˿ϧ֮С
Ųߵ֮󣬻ǳ΢΢һЦǸѦСкѦֵܣþòˡ
ѦСæվһ˵ɩӺã⼸ûɩӻôƯղųʱ򣬻ΪϵŮ·ء
ѦСվҲһ
ǽˣһлǰսϵĹȻִˣǽϵһЩϹûбģ˵Ҳýǰ·УЩϰߡ
Сӣô컬࣬ɩӵһμʱ򣬻һŵĺءŮ˵ţ㿪ʼ裬Ų豭ֱԱߵС档
ŮӵĿɨߵʱ򣬲Цӯӯ˵λֵĺܣСֵܣôҲɩӽܽܣ
ѦС˵һԵĳ־һЦ˵Ңá˵λֵܣͷɴȥˣһ˵֮㣬ħҺ
־ңŮҲһ㶣ΪԾɫһԭҵĺˣʧʧܹƧ԰
ЩнһЦһƣ벻ǸħһôüһŪǷ꣬ɽֵĳϷ򸾶֪ˣæǫ˵ɩ̫ˣǽҥԣɶţʱħҼүӣֻǰֶѡ
Сֵ̫ǫˣӢȻЩڽҵĴţһ֣һ춯صĴ£ҵ𣬱Ȼµһ۳Ůٴΰ
һŪҶ֪ˣЩڸħ˹ϵ
˴˺һ֮󣬴һ
־һڲ裬˵СֵܣǰһҪƳɷǱɴûУҺɩӿ۰ɣ
ǳ⣬ѦСҲԣֱӴ˰Ǹľо˳ݵ˳־ǰ
־һľоһ˫۾¶˾⣬æѦСߵн˹ϸ¡


512 
ҿ־ǻľоУ˼־ǻľоһǻľоֳһ⣬ʱ䣬ǻľозһУǻľозӡСҲĵУʱҺѦС߱⻱ľоеģǲҲ¶ˡ
󣬳־һǻľоϵʧˣЩֵİһֵݸѦСߣصĵͷ˵Сֵܣ⻱ľоǳɾĻ滹һ飬ʵǲɶõıˡҶ죬ܷһ£ⱦģ
¸Ҳˣûʲô˵ģҲҺСֵܴéɽʱ򣬱һаһƬɽ֮Уһǧ껱İ㣬ǺʱҪСֵܴǧ껱ɱˣ˵ҵʱСûˣ⻱ľоǧ껱һС࣬˳־͸˻ҲġѦС赭д˵
־ȴңɵٴȻ𾴣˵СֵܲΪ֮ħҲͰˣǧ껱ּߵеĴˣĳʵ
֣͵´ˣʱɱǧ껱Ĳң죬Ҳǧ껱ùǶɽٵʱֽǧڵó԰ڣ˾ŵףǧ껱Ĳˣֻ˳սСǱ¶Ըһǧ
˵ǳ־һĿעңЩ˼
󣬳־İԪҢҲѦСнǻľоӹһҲһ޲ڡ
Ƭ֮󣬳־ɫСֵܣĪ˵ǳ¼жûУƾ亱еرҳĳҲƳٵģһӵıõĲϣƷĲϣǷ򸾸֮ãҵһΪľƼܹõĳֵķ𽭺ʦүܹܹΪʦЩʡСֵܣҪŵùҵĻͽ⻱ľо֮߱ɣΣ
ѦС߸û˿ԥ´磬һ˲˵һ˵ɾͼˣƾڽϵͷѦС߿϶ҲŵĹģĪ˵£ǳ¸ϲҲ޷ұϾһҽģβˣȷҲֻΪ˷ʵߵûϺõĲϡ
⻰˵ĳϷЦӯӯ˵ĸĴԸղǸŵձ˵¶壬׼һ£һò͡
ձ˿һۣӦһƵȥ
Ϸ򸾣˵еһʣҲƢͶղŵľнܿһɨա
һ֮Ƿ˱ǲιǹĵطҲǺƷģǱǷȥ˺Ժһ¡
ǼҵĺԺܴҲ˲ƯĻߵĶ˱ǣ泩
ǼҺԺעĿһһϺõľͷ̶ɣҶľͷûоʶʲôľͷ
ȴȫңΪǵǱˣǳ־İԪҢ
ʱԶԶĿһۣһΪԪҢ˫̥Ľأ߽һŷ
ʵ̫ˣһҲΪһС̵ϸ΢ϸʲô̶أһ˵ǿ϶Щţ۽ëһһĶʮ۾ǻһ㡣
滳ɣ񶼿ʱһ㡣
ƾһҶ¾Ͷأֱ񼼣С
ɴ˿ɼ־ԪҢĸ϶ҲʮģǰҾѦС˵С÷һʦõĹϵСһ𳤴ɲŮòһԣɷ˰
һԺ︡˳ĿĪһۣ鲻ЩȻ
ڴʱѦСͻȻ˵ѽСҴֶӰɣôˡ
ѦСһ˵ع񣬳ѦСߵķһۣѦСһطȥǸطҲһ񣬲һСģȥиӣҲ̵ΩΩФСӱֵ쾡¡
ѦС˵⻰ʱҲ䳯Ƿ򸾵ķһۣ֪ΪΣһ⺢ӣǶԷ򸾵ͻȻԳһʮָӵɫ˵ɫʮѿԪҢ۾˲ͺˣۿﺬˮЩҪ޳ӡ


513 ɽѪľ
־æһԪҢ䣬ԪҢܿתȥһ۽ǵۡ
ţǾֶӣС֣СѧˣҼѧУ棬ɩĲУ߶ҪȥѧУһֱæҲûгʱ־һ߽һһԪҢЩõ˵ҢãпڼҪ޿ģλֵЦ
ѦСӦ˹ǺЦ뺢飬ĸӲǵͷ⣬˵ҺСֵһʮֵ飬ϣҺСžסϾɽķ羰һƵ꣬ǸƵ˸ǣ⼸֮ڣ߰˸ӱĪˣ¶ǸΪ֪ʲôĿģҺСŻǽ֣Ǹˣʵһź´ҲҪСһһҪտôֶӲǡ
⻰һڣҿǷ˵ɫ䣬Ķһ£ԵûЩţ־ܿ췴Ӧ˹Щߵ˵ô鷢̫Ӧˣ컯֮¾͸ӣ𣿡
˭˵أۼߺӵĸĸһ޵ĸһ㣬춼ĸо͵ӵʵ̫ɺˣˣ׽͸ñѦСһϵ飬Щҧгݡ
ʱֳǶԷ򸾿һۣǵֱЩƺЩǣЩţһЩ޷ɫ
־ֵ߰ɣλֵܣҴǿҺɩӹĵط
˵գ־ǳźԺһ˹ȥƵģܶΧźĸְ壬ΧֻмȺСĴ
ߵſڵʱҿ־ſڵһ׶أԲŪһ˻춯ġǡ죬ʮӣǰǵŷˡ¡¡죬
ãҲ̾ΪֹģӦҲǷ򸾶ԼŪģǲͨžЩɶϱﴫա
ؾ䷿Ӧ÷౦ҪȻҲ˾ܵĻأܹطǽǵѡ
һ䷿棬ȾͿһܴ¯Ǹ¯ҲܵĻȼţһűоһȵϢӭ
ӴǼߣܵǽϹ깤û깤ĸʽĿǾҲʰʮָɾ
־ǽ˵ڽϸԼһЩߣǼƷǼҲҪǸƷƷȻǼ۸񲻷ƵģʮЩϰһȻ벻ǷƷġ
һߣ־ֵĸǽ෨ԵɣҲĸ˵˵ҺѦСҲֻ̫ͼʶѡ
ߵһѺɫıǰʱѦСͻȻȤʵ´磬ѽͦÿģʲôʣ
־һüɫ裬ǰѺɫıǽܵѽʱԭһҲϵһʯǽľʮֳأֵҲˣǣɽģҪϸҸһѾ깤һ죬ܹˡ
˵ҺѦС߲µǺôͷɽŶԹ
ѦС߸Щ飬ǮҲ֧ġ
ǰߣͻȻ䣬ҸоһʮŨɷһŵһѪζǱѰ
һ۵ĽڷһСεľУǺӿŸײһ㣬ɵЩȵʵ磬װʲôôŨɷ
ʣ־ɫһ䣬˺һŵһĶۺܸߣҲһĲϣЩرⶫɽѪľһʬѻһֲɷҲһľɡ
һ־˵ҺѦСȤҿڣѦС߱⻹ϡ氡ͷһֵ֣´磬ܷ򿪺ӿһ
־ߵԪҢһۣƺЩԥ߹ȥӴˣӴ֮ҺѦС߱ȲĽԴ˹ȥǺ棬ʢѪһҺ壬Һ֮ƯһѪɫľͷ


514 ؽѲ
ҺѦС߽Դչȥʱ򣬶ʱһɸΪǿҵѪζƮ˹ֱӣѬԴЩΣ㲻ٶ࿴
ѦСҲס˱ӣ˵´磬ⶫžаŵܹƳʲôƳҲͦаŵİɣ
־üͷ΢ſ˵ЩʲôʱſͻȻһүƲѾ׼׵òˡ
־΢üͷʱչǺ¸ˣ˵߰ɣλֵܣԶһҪúдǲУǺȾȥɣ顭
˵ţҺѦС߳˳ȥ
ߵſڵʱ򣬻ûֽǸ׶ǵ
乤Ķÿһƶ۸񲻷ƣЩ޷ýǮıò÷
ǷŪְɵķӣƼըҩҲըһڳ
ǳ֮󣬾ͿǸ¶ձߣϹϾվ棬ҽݡ
һۣڵĳǰȥ
ձߣܾЩŹ֣һ˵ĸо
оԷ򸾣ʱľٶҲҾЩ⣬ܾﲻ̫Ծ
һߵһԺ棬Ժһʯ֮Ѿڷź˾Ʋˣţߵ֮ձ߽Ӵ򿪣ʱҺѦСǰһ
˲࣬Լʮһʮ־£⣬˱ǣʳָ󶯡
Ƿֱһ㿪
־Ǻģձ׼ľȻǺþƣһմĴ̳ӣ˵ƿЩͷˣ峯ĩʱһׯڵµϺõŮ죬һټʮʷˡ
ںȾƣֱںʲôʮę́ƺ82ƸҪޱȡ
Ʊ򿪸ӵһ̣ԺӶƮһŨŨľζζҲˡ
ҲԼֵģⶼǴӺŪҰζ
þƺòˣµ裬ѣѾԻ
ˣ򸴺
һǴ˵еᣬһߺⱲӶûкȹôúȵľơ
ҺѦСߵľ־ľҲڲ֮䣬ԪҢҲǺϼ
Ǵʱ֣һֱȵ¶֮ϣǶá
һ̳ӾƲҲǸȹˡ
һֱĵҲʮͶܿǾЩ⡣
ԺȵĲʱǼȵĶЩͷתʵǺȲˣǳ־ŷԸձߴȥһԺϢ
ȻǽϾûдߣôľҲʵ߲ˣձߴȥһԺ䡣
Ƿ򸾶˽͹ȥ֮뿪סĵطһжչ˵ʮܵ
ǾƵĺ󾢶ͦ󣬺ȵԴЩκ
ѦСһߵſڴ˯ˡ
Ҳ˯ģǸո²ãؿڴʹһĸо߾ȵСŸ硭ҳ棬ȶﻵˡ
ʱȣÿ쵽ϣҶὫȷųԼһֻźȾƣǽˣܿͽ˳
ȻŨҲûȲҪߣԺ棬ҼǵһҪغΣҪ˷֡
ʱҲϸϷ򸾣ȻмңҲżΪߣͻȻ俴һСԺƣ˵ͽˣҲ֪СĴڣҲû
֮Ҿ˯ˡ
ں̫ľƣһӿر׷ܿ˯ˡ
һ˯Ļ찵أҲʮְȣ˯ԺʱͻȻһֻС־ͷҵϣҴһ飬۾
Ϳ˹龫ֵȾſҵߡ
ȡ˯㺰ʲôҴ˸Ժʵ
ʱСȴյҵĶߣЩС˵СŸ硭طһЩСС㡭Ǳţ޵ĺҪҾǳȥ
һ˵ҵȫޣҾҲ˴룬æʵȡղ˵ʲôû
СŸ硭ȸղ˵￴һЩСС㣬Ǳţ޵ĺҪҪǳȥ
С￴ģɲҪϹ˵ġҳ
ȲƭˣĿǣһؽšöСС㡭ЩίľС˵
ǵؽĶٴʵ
һԺСŸ磬㲻ɣûĻո͵͵ܳȥˡЩĿҵ


515 һҪ
һֱоЩ⣬ĳЩЩֵֹģҲ˵õﲻԣ˵ұ㿪ʼЩɲ
̧ͷٴοһۣСѾͷԲܸ˵ѣҲܶѡ
ֻЩ֣ж
ô˵Է򸾣ҲˣǶҺѦСҲһ
Ҿ벻ͨ𽭺£ҪǮȱҲʮֶһһɰĶӣΪʲôҪЩСԼأ
ǾʲôĿģ
˼һǴ㽫ѦС߽ѣһδ
ǿһЩ׵ĺӰ֮ˣѰ˺ӣǵĸĸһ飿
Һ˯еѦСߣЩ⣬˯Ժģ˵СšﰡϵĲ˯
¶ˣҳ˵
أѦСʵ¶ˡʲô¶ˣ
ţҾͽղȿ򵥵ĸѦС˵һ飬ѦСߴΪԾŵ˵⡭ⲻܰɡӿǴĺˣڽϵĿڱҲǼõģôܻ飿
ѦСֿȣ֣صʵȡ濴бŵСˣɲ˵ѰҪȻһġ
ȴصĵ˵ͷ˵ǺúӣѣкöСС㱻ڵؽǻҾǡ
𣿡ѦСʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ȾȲǵġǵطܹȥҲܳǳҲ֪ôǵš
ȷˡ
ѦС߻Щܲˣʹͷ˵ܡܡǲˣǼʲôȱΪİ㣿
֪֪治֪ģȻо֮ǲûôȷǲأ
ҿѦСһۣһ£ֵС߸磬ʵҵһۼ־ʱ򣬾;ЩŹ֣Ҹֵʱ¶һ˿ʹɫʱ˵Ʒʱ˵ģҵԺϵ飬ϣǸȣ׷ȥһܣʰˣҼǵǻľоĹһ£ʱҵͦݵģ־˵ֵֻλãҵĵطҲͬһֱֻۡ
˵ѦСߵɫѾЩˣ˵ȻҪҿǺ˵ɴʱʱʮֺ£֮Ժ²ɱǺ㵱ʱϳУǺ˵ˣһŮˣʱһŵϵζʱ򣬵һμԪҢҲŵǹϤζʱֻǾЩ֣ûǸط룬ľǺɣϳֵӵˣǷˣ
ѦСһЩߵ˵û뵽Ƿ޾Ȼˣɥ顣
̾Ϣһ˵Ҳû뵽˵ҲţʵͰǰһǴ˵ģȥҺԺʱ˵ӵʱǷ˵ı鶼ЩţʱǾ飬ǻỳǣΪǾ͸ǽ֡
ѦС̧ͷһۣʵСţӵĿʲôôǺû顭
ҸопΪ취ȻҶ֮ȴйһЩţֻմѪɱ˵ĽŻɱмΪʦҲ뽣УʷΪһԴ۱ɽĪа𣿡Ҳ²
СţͬСɣӦôѦСҵ
ĹʽҲʶһ죬һлϣ˵ôҾ͸ǣ޶֣ص
ȻǶҲǼȻܹɥ飬ǾͲѦСߵѣѦѵβˣԲܼȣο⻹һȺӣҾ͸ܲˣһҪȣ˺¶ҲûѦСɫ
ǺðҾ֪ô죬߰ɣھȥˡ˵ţѾǬѦСҲ˱һͬȥ
СΣǰǴ·ҺѦСѾˣǾˣҲĿŵȥҪ͵͵ģȽӾȳ˵ǱǸˣҪǳһЩҪ鷳


516 غ
ѦС֮Ǳȴţ˵Ǹط˹ȥ
ҺѦСߵľƾѾ˹ò˵־Ǻȵľƣĺܴ󣬼ǾˣԴЩۣҪȽҸˣһҿ϶Ҫ˯ģҲ֪ǲǳ־Ϊ֮ĿľǽҺѦС߹עʲôĻҲ
־ԪҢסլӺܴ󣬶Ƿ¹ŵĽʱǷ򸾵֮ͬ£֮һû꣬Ҫȸ˵ԺһͦԺ䣬Ƕ֪ط
ΣĿǰ˵ֻܱҺѦС߿Ʈڰ֮иǴ·ҺѦС߷һŽż⣬èСĳһԺȥ
ôլԺǼҵȴ٣Ŀǰ˵˳Ϸ֮⣬һձߣڻûˣҾͲ֪ˡ
Ժﾲĵģֻз紵ҶĻ죬ҺѦСŲʱ΢ĽŲ
ߵԺƮźŵĻζܹһ½ŵա
ʱҺѦС߹һ䣬һŴŵԺǰȾ͸˵ǸؽѾԺ档
һţԺӵĴǽŵģЩͨŻǵסҺѦСߵġ
ѯһȣԺû˿йʲôġ
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
ȻûУͺðˣҺѦС߶һۣһΣԷǽͷƮƮԺ
֮󣬺ܿһƬïܵĻ֮󣬴ɨһΧĻûʲôΣ֮󣬲˳
ҲһܴԺ䣬˵иһٶƽźʯ壬ƮԺӽһʯ帽ЩӾͲʯ档
ҺѦСϢ˹ȥʯ壬һˡ죬пյģèҺѦС֣һʯ̧Ϊžڣǽʯ̧֮ҺѦС߽ɵˣʯ滹һصĸְ壬ֱӽڸˣʯ滹лأһ׶þ͸־Ǹһ޶
ұֽǸ׶֮Уûа취صʱѦСȴһץסҵĸ첲ɫСţçײʮ־ֻҪһڳֱ۾Ͱβˣֱӱ桭
ѦС˵һСʵСߣô֪ģ
֮ǰ־˵ص֮ĴʦһҪĻأô׵顭ѦСһε˵
զ죬ǼȻҪˣǿ϶Ҫ˻زаЩ˵
ѦС߳һŶԲߣڴʱǵͻȻһϸ΢ĽŲһתͷʱ򣬷ִӰͻȻ߳һˣǱ־֮Ϊ¶ձߡ
ͷĿǣͻȻ˵λͣϵĲ˯ܵʲô
һͷҺѦС߶һ㶣Ϊû˵ģ˭֪ձ߾Ȼ￴أҲ㣬Ҫĵطû˿ŵġ
ѦСȴһվǺЦ¶壬ҺСֵܸո˾ƣ䣬˼ôû˯أ
ձһ˵Ҽ˴ǿɲû뵽ǾȻˣҹ͵ĹܵˣǾǺξģ
¶壬ˣҲ֪أֻѡѦСٴηֱ
ǳ¶ɫȴӵ߳ŭλѵǾûпŴ𣿼Ȼǲӭ˽ǿ϶ǷǽİɣѦҺҵĺˣûϷǸ߿ǡ
ձ䳰ȷұЩסˣҲ˵𽭺ҿҲˣ壬ȴ˵ĹҲĨǵķϻؽ澿صʲôɸҴһ
һ˵ձɫЩŵ˵صʲôûаֹϵɣΪʲôҪϷҪأҲ޷ؽ֮вŵĶõϺõĲϣֵǣﲻ͵İɣ
ҺǺЦ˵ϵһóĶֵǮõ͵ôҿŵؽǲصʲô˰ɣ
Ҹ¶˵ͬʱŰ֮ƮŵСʹһɫСͷӦ˹һ־һΣͳձߵĺ󱳺ݺݵײ˹ȥ


517 ֮
СҲЩеģֻҪñ˿ȻҲǿģֻֻвر˵Ǹ֣ǿȣҲܹܵɢϢȻ¶岢Ƕôߡ
ͻȻѣСڵƵĳų¶ĺײ˹¶ûзû뻹һСһ±ײһţһͳ㱼˹
ҺѦС߼ȵ֣ӭǳ¶˹ȥ
˵¶Ҳ򵥣ڵ֪Լ͵Ϯ֮˳־ʹһѺذףϵľ˹Ҳзһ־ͳץ˹ȥǳ¶ֻһУһֻҲóһذףҵС˹ٶȷӦĺܿ졣
ѦС߳ʱһų˹ȥ
ձߵӡ
ذ׺ܿͱҶ˹ȥһֻֻץסһСֽƷ
Կ죬ܿ͹Уȴûнձ߸ƷвЩǣǶִˣһǶԷ򸾣ԸҺѦСߵĻʤһ
ԣҪ콫ձ߸ſ²С
ڴʱѦС߿ٵĴ˼ȦͻȻһ֣һѰɫķĩͷľͳձߵȥ
ڿѦСĩʱһ֪ѦСõлɢȥһʱͷϵˣһûС
ձ߸ûзٴУһʼܻ֣ͼϵķĩͿѦСߣŭʲôɣ
Բ֪ˡѦСߺٺһЦ
ձߴŭ˵ذٴγ߳
ֻǸһһ͵˵ϣľһ̯ࡣ
ҺѦСһЦձ˹ȥֱӽͭǮ˳ձߵĲϣ׺ݵ˵¶壬ڸЩķݶϣҲΪ㣬㽫ؽѵŴ򿪣Ҳɱ㡣
ձߵҲ׺ֻǵĿһۣ˵ϻ˵Ҫɱɱ޶ǵؽѵǲǴ򿪵ġ
㵱ΪҲɱ㲻ɣ۾һɣͭǮƽ˼֣ڳ¶ĲϸһǳǳĿӡ
ǳ¶ֱӱ۾Ͳٴˣһĸģ
Ǹҳϵļͣ˵̵ĺð
Ҽͷû취ʱͻȻһ˿˿ϸ΢ĽŲǳ
ʱձͷȻ۾ſھҪ󺰣һֱһֵȥձ߸˹ȥкѦС߽ǸؽѵʯٸԭȻձһƬԵĺ档
һеʱǽŲű
ҺѦС߱˴˿һۣ֪϶ǳ־ԪҢˡ
һϢҺѦСҲڻԺ棬ĵȴš
ʱſڴ˶ǿ
ܿ죬ԺűˣӰ˽һӰı񻹼ʲô
ϸһǸ֮·ֱһӣѾ˹ȥ
ߵԺ֮ӰֱӳǸؽѵķ˹ȥķ˵ϡ
ʱӰŽϵĺɴժŲҵ¹⣬ҿķǾǳ־ԪҢ򸾡
ҢáһѣؽѴ򿪣ǶһλֵܣҪȻ鷳ˡ־˵
ԪҢıЩᣬ̾ϢһЩ˵־硭ǲ̫һЩҪȻǰѺǶ˰ɡ
Ңã㿪ʲôЦֱǲŽ룬ȴ˵ҪˡǣǼô죿϶ᱻɱġ־һƵ˵
ǡ־磬ЩӵĵҲһôຢӵ֣Ĳ̰ԪҢ˵ţȻ˼ᣬų
ҢáһкܿͻȥġҲҪ룬Ҳûа취ΨһĶӣҪûˣǻŻʲô˼һҪ֣һҪ־ޱȼ˵
ԪҢջЭ΢΢ĵ˵ͷһ۽ǵۣ㿪ʼų־ƶǿʯ塣
ҺѦСٴһֱҾ;ӲǻˣǵĶԻ˲һУԭǾǱƵģҪȻҲˡ
ǻǲǵļƻóѣûж֮ǰֹǡ


518 Ͼ·
Ƿ򸾶˽ʯ̧ʱҺѦС߾ʹӻԺվ
´磬ɩӣæʲôأҪֵæôѦСЦһ˵
һѦСߵǷ˵һ𣬸ոհʯ˻ȥ
־һΣ͵ӵǰ棬ԪҢԵû쳣Ǳ׽һ㣬޲Ҹطȥ
СߡСֵܣô־ʮֻҵʵ
ֵܣѦСûѣϹ˹ˣʶˣŵòȻ壬ȴɥ飬ͲûʦŵӢ𣿡ѦСŭ˵
Сֵܡ˵ҲȲѰ
ʲôҪ˵ˣȰѺǶˣѦС֮ǰЩķݶϿԲɱ㣬ԺټĻͬİ·Ӵ˶ѦСֱӴ˳־Ļ
ЩӡҲܷţ־һɬǻȴ˵ʮּ
ѦСһЦͷ˵ðճµģΪֵκβҳǴ򲻹ǣǱˣ߸ŵλǽа̴ħܴǾôɱǣ
ҲѦСûа취ˣСǿͷħ˵飬㲻ҸɵģҲܲˣҪ汾µĻҲһӵĶ֣ǵóҲһܹǣʤǸδ֪
ȻѦС˵ˣҾ͵ðڳ̬Ҳ͵λ¶ûǲˣ͵ҪôǣҪôֵ
¶Ѿ˽ŵĵزȻ־ȴҡͷ˵λֵܡ˵ҲȲѰǵĺӱ˸°ˣǸһаŵķȷҪ߶ͯͯŮĻ뽣вſɳǲӦĻ־ͻᱻɱˡҺɩӾôһӡ˵־ѾۿԵޱѹ
ܹҲǱƵûа취ˣҲǲҪ˵ĻһʼǷǵʱ򣬾͸öˣҲ˵ôķϻ
һЩȰ˵´磬ɩӡ֪ǱƵģǾʮĸӵԼӵһ˭ǵĸģѵֻǵͷ⣬Щӵĸĸһǽӵһ㣿ǽӷˣֵ飬һİ취òã
ûõġϾޣҪõķ͹ȥҪȻ־͵İ취ҲˡԪҢ޵滨꣬Ǿ
ǷģҶЩɵתͷһѦСߣҲ֪ΰˡ
ѦС̾ϢһҲ˵´磬ɩӣȻ¶ҺСŸˣͲӲܣǲúһ¶ԲߣЩǲܾɱˣ֮ǰװףϵһ飬һӢǳ׻ˡ
СֵܣӶûˣҪЩʲôãҺɩ֮ǰİ취ûãǸ˵ı̫ˣǸĶ֣Ǹʱ䣬¶ȥˣֻţôöУɱҲ޶ǿΣ־ڰ˵
㲻ҪִԲˣҪɱЩӣɱǣҪȻûѦСֱĺ
ӱ˴˿һۣһﶼĬһֽ֡
գҿ˵ҸС߸һ˼һ¶ԲߣҪĻ߶̲ôǾأ
־ԪҢһۣջЭ϶ǲܴģΪûʤ㣬Ϊǻ֣־ҺѦСߴˣٶֵĻǿ϶ԿߣȻΪǶߣѦС˵ǰ㣬ħˣҪ֣ҪԼı¡
ϾҪ˼ϣΪҲǶô֮ˡ
һ̾Ϣ֮󣬳־ӣǰķ˹ȥԪҢţҺѦС߾߽
һŴ־ķ˴ϣȻһŰǰ棬Ǽ˾Χ
´磬˵˵ɣ˵ʲô·ʱǿǸɽѪľӦþĲϰɣ
־̧ͷһۣĬĬĵ˵ͷǳ


519 ʬ
־ʼǽľ
Ҳһ֮ǰһһľָתƣ˰˰ûгСӷ˺ݣҪָˣҿ¶巢ֵļʱֹ꣬һʲ֪Ƿ򸾶Ʒġ
ǣ¶ͽ˼Уһ£óֽ˵Ҫһ
ܹµģǾԲһǷ򸾶Ȼҵ꾿ʲô
˺ӣ򸾶һ۱ϳǺװĶһɽѪľа쳣ɽѪľƳˣҲһаɷ̫أΪˣѹƲסⷨᱻɣӿɲǣɽѪľƳ֮󣬲ɱҲ˻ǣҲʳѪҺΪԵһַ
ҲͰˣؼⷨĹ̫̣Ҫ߶µͯͯŮΪӣһʼʱҪ߶ͯŮĻǺѪҺܳΪһѪɻ꽣
ԣǷһɽѪľ֮󣬱Ȼܾ˸飬˲ģһֱ̧ۣ۸ߵǷ򸾶ҲûдӦ顣
ϾҪһѪɻ꽣ΥҪô޹ĺӣʦԲ飬ʦүҲѵԲױ
˸Ǯʲô޶˶Ȼܾ˴£ûκء
˴ŭ֮£һݻ˵һǷ޺ڵġ
Ƿ޶߽꣬С͸ʦѧգʲôûмɽţ̨ɽס֣ǶҪǼֱ棬Ȼûн˵Ļ
֪˲ûŻǣҲΣץסǵ֪ǴõϢ֪ǵĶӾСѧ飬һҹΨһĶָˣȻǸɽѪľͳǳ¼ҵſڡ
ɽѪľ֮⣬һ֮ڣҪɽѪľƳһѪɻ꽣ɽ͵Ÿʬ
ʵвĻ£µдż֣ʬ֣
ʬ־˰֮УǳʮĺݽɫΪ֮ɫ䡣
֮Խʬ֣Ϊס˰֮УΪһʬſȰõʬļһŹֶ壬һԲϱɱˣΪߣû֪סľطҪǿʬʬʬ֮߼һЩа֮ڽ϶ãպա
Ƿ޶ôҲ뵽ǻǵʬħͷ
Ȼ°ԼĶӣʲô鶼ĳġ
ΪʬļһɣɽͷʲôǽأճƣΪ˴ﵽĿģԲֶΡ
޶ǳ׵ŻˣΪ˲ԼĶֻӦǵҪ֮ڰƳѪɻ꽣
Ǻͳ˺޶֣ѰҷͯͯŮڸѰ֮⣬ǵϾɽ֣ΪǵطʤأһڣܶҳźӳΣҲ׵֡
ֱϣǲŽ߶ͯͯŮȫ룬һҹѪɻ꽣ɣ쵽˵õĵص㣬õĽ͹ȥ
Ѫɻ꽣ҪƳʵѣѵľ߶ͯͯŮȻɽѪľֻҪ룬ֻһʱ䣬Ѫɻ꽣Ϳƶɣķô鷳££Ͼһױаŵһ㣬ּ죬Ҳ󣬵Ǳ׶ǵӲΣ׷ɡ
һаױ϶ֱ׶ˣѪɻ꽣һɣؽɱ׶Υס
ҪǽҺѦСֹ߳߶ͯͯŮѾ⣬¯֮УһѪˮˡ
ɽѪľҲҲˡ
νɲ飬ҺѦСλĶˣֹһ˼Ҿ硣
Ѫɻ꽣ˣؼӪǵĶ֡
ʬֿɲǸ˵ˣ֪ûƳѪɻ꽣ĻǼֿ϶֮أǷ޶Ҳڷ
ʬֵͷȴǵһǺӣΪѦСҲʶˣ֪ѦС߲ʶһүүѦǬ֮й


520 ɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ԴԷʬֵʱҾͿѦСߵɫԣѯһ֮ѦС߲ŸеԵʡ
үүѦǬʱ򣬻ûнҽ˰شѰһζĲҩʶʬֵײУһºڷߵҹʮѦǬѰһĲҩЩƣˣһɽҰ¶ޣһЩöϺηҩۣ˯
һֱ˯޵ʱͻȻ˿޿òңֱ˯εоˡ
ҹɽҰʵһʮ˵顣
ѦǬһô֮ϸѰԴӵĹ⾰Ϳһ˳ԼҰ֮С
Ϊ׵һаıδ󺺣һĺ⣬гһѴ󵶣ʮ˴ˣŮЩ˱һӰס˸첲Ǳδǰߣһ·֮Ͽ޿䣬еǱδ󺺵һٶ
ѦǬƵĺܣ֪δΪҹʮɽֻҰ֮䣬һǱδһģ㲻ʲôˡ
ʱѦǬг˺棬δ󺺣Ҫʲô
Ҳû˯⣬Ǳ˶ԶԶĸһˣɽȥ
˴ԼСʱĹ⾰Ǳδ󺺲һƬһԺͣ
ǴԺͦ󣬵ʮưܣõһЩľͷƴնɵģǿܹ꣬ԺӵԺǽҲһЩʣɫ
ѦǬͲһïܵǽ棬۲Ǳ׳һһ
Ժ֧һڴĲյž죬ǹﲻ֪ʲôƮһ˶ķθζ
ѦǬԶԶţʱ˳
סˣ۾һ˲˲ĿǱδ󺺵Ķ
Ƭ֮ǹĶ˿ðŰɫ
ǱδͻȻߵʮǰ⿪һˣֱƵ˴
ǱδһֲҾ徵飬ѦǬ֮󣬽סȶӶЩˡ
Ǳδ󺺣ֱӽһɽǿѹţƵǿڴ֮УǸɽҵ޷Ǳδ󺺵ֱ֣ӽԴѾ˵ĹУ˵Դˡ
֮󣬱δֱӽ˵һƣĶ˴֮У
ɽһ״һȫŻˣ޵ֱµʺ̱ڵء
Ǳδ󺺿Щɽųһ֮ĶûУĴЦֱ׽һŮˣҲƵǿڴʱŮ˵Ǳ⿪˵ģǱδ󺺲ע⣬ŮڱδһӣȻתܣ¿
δֵ׷Ůˣ˵ֱ䣬Ů˵˫ȸˣ˴֮УնŮ˵˫ֱۣӽŮŪһ˹žͶ˹
Ů˲ҽ˺һڹﲻͣķڣӲȥ
Ҿ徵Ļ棬ѦǬоǿһħһ㣬ֱɱ˲գۣƽΪײеһˡ
Ȼ־壬Ϊһ˵ҽߣѦǬӲܣĲҾٽŽȥ
ѦǬǱδȥ׽˵ʱֱӹȥǿڲͣðݵĴһ߷ڵصʱѦǬſǹﰾʲôȻһʬͣ⻹мĲҲ̶õʬ壬Ѿȫ͸ˣʶ˷ۺɫӶ˳Ұ׻Ұ׵ģѾû˵ģ
ʶ˴ѦǬڿʱԾЩ޷Ӧ˳
û˰ʬͣ˵ǲ̱嵽˺̶ֳȡ
Լʬ͵ǿڴ߷ˣǱδʮŭѦǬһʱģδȴûнѦǬĹ飬ʬֱ֣Ĳͷˣͽˣʬͣ
һԲϣѦǬ͸ʬִ
ʬֵ˲ʬ壬ЩǿͨƵģһͬΧѦǬ
ѦǬȻһҽҽͨ죬ΪҲǲģѦҵзҴڵһЩ£ڿʬа֮úܴһѦǬһʼԿһҵʱ򣬽ЩûбɱɽſˣǸϽ뿪
Щɽһſʱûıӣһȫʬֵײŷһ㡣
Щɽ֮ѦǬһ˸ʬƴƾҴڵıºһҽ֮⣬ʬҲͨҩҪȻҲʬаĵҩʲôлɢҩ֮Ķκá


521 һͬ
ʬֶ˼ʮغϣѦǬջǰʬˣȻֻʶӣòײżһһϾɽ̫Ѱӻżһ
ʱʬȻᣬǶãӻĳ棬Ͼɽ̫Ȼ㲻ýһһĴɣҲǸƵڣһﾹȻ׷ѦǬһ·̫۵ɽǰƿڴҪ̫۸Ͽ콻˳ҪȻͽ̫۸Ϊƽء
ȿİ̫࣬۱Сʵ֮£̫һɳȥʮȥʰһͨսʬֲűߣкüֱˣʬҺõʱѦǬ̫ۣЩ˵ĸˣűס
˺ļ죬ʬ̫ܵ۵ſȥԻ֮ŪѦǬ˼Ͼɽˡ
ҺãʱϾɽһλƻ˵ǰڱչأʬֵĽסˣһŭ֮£ضʬֺһͨ򣬴趼ϲˣƻҪʬֵնɱģСˣһУӶݶȥ֮ʬ־ʵˣҲϾɽΣҲͷ¶ˡ
ѦǬ֮ԽԽʬ񶾵˾ͲûϣĲ̺ͱŰѦǬۼʶģŵĻ֪ж˱˻ǻص˺Ҷ֮󣬾ͽ˼λүӣҲѦѦ
λ˼Ҳŭ˾ʮĸˣҲԼڶλ˼ұͬѦǬһ֮УĴѰʬֵ䣬ȻҪȴҲҪϵһΪΪһˣҲܺ˾ˡ
ΪѦѵʮ֮ˣҲɱֻ֣ˣɱˡ
ǵѦǬλ˼ҵ֮ǰǸطʬѾȥ¥գûӰ˭Ҳ֪㵽Ѱһ֮Ҳûҵʬ֣±ֻա
ѦС߸ǽʬѦҵһ£Ȼ㾪ĶǣҲԼʬ˵˼ֶ˴µ磬ű壬˷ָ˵ҪɱˣǱȻҪɱģֶʮָһ˾͸ܵϾɽ̫۽ҽ̫۵һڸֶ
ҪԸˣʬ֣ҪнµĶ־ȳ
ƾǼˣʵһЩ
ѣ¶ҲùܣܲĿԷһСӲʬֵС
Է˵ϾǽڣҲѪɻ꽣ȥֵӡ
ǣʬֵıԣǷ򸾶˽һڻϣɲΪǷ򸾶һʼ;ܾʬֵǲӣôܻ
ʬֿɹܲôֻ࣬Ҫ⣬ɱ˾ͬϷ
ȻǲܸǾΪŰ
Ƿ򸾶˵ɽѪľһѼٵѪɻ꽣ڶʱڣʬǲᷢģһ˼ٵѪɻ꽣ɽѪľ϶Ƿˣʬ֪࣬ǿ϶ûˡ
Цһ˵Ѫɻ꽣Ҳûãʬֿ϶֪ôһаͽȥʱǿ϶Ҫɱڡ
Ƿ򸾶겻ѣ˵ĺеһǼֿ϶Ҳǻɵġ
ǼһһֱҪʱ򣬲һ⣬ǾǷ򸾶ɽѪľһѼٵѪɻ꽣Լõں͵صȥʣʱҺѦСһȥǲһ𣬵ʱǻڰ
ʱһҪֳȷ˻ţʱһֽһֽҺѦС߹ȥĿ͵Ϯ
ʬûзʱǰ͵ϮҪ
͵ϮʧܵĻ˾һ֣ͬԸʬħ
ȻʬħΪܸߣ˫ȭѵ֣ټһһһֱߵĶʦ֣ΣգʦǾԲԹ۵ġ
һһֱʮɻΪʲôһʼɽѪľһ꣬Ǹʲô·
Ƿ򸾶ҲǺ˵пʬֵͽܣΪҲΪʮְԵݣʬһƢԣҲǸö
Ҳܣʬֵͽǻûзʱһʰ˱ǡ
˲ˣѾȷ
ЩǷ򸾶ĺӣһܷߣҪǵĶְȫȻУʱó¶տЩӡ


522 һٷ
Ѱգ˫׼
ǶԷ򸾸æȥ˹ңʼɽѪľҹһѼٵѪɻ꽣ҲֻǿûѪɻ꽣
һ鲻ò˵֮󣬴ʱǴΣڻԺĳ¶塣
ŽӻԺ̧˳ѦСǵѨλ˼£¶תѣոĳ¶廹ҺѦСߵɵˣҪ֣ܿ챻־סˣ̾Ϣһ˵¶塭׷ˣλֵ֪ܶˡ
־˵ǳ¶۾ɱȻɢ̾Ϣһ˵үǡСô죿
¶Ͳòˣзִ磬ǹȥǰɡ
־˵꣬ͺԪҢȥ˹ȥҹˡ
֮˵ʾѾȫǣҲЩˡ
Ϊ˰ȫҺѦС߻ȥǵؽ濴һºӣ¶˵ؽѵĳ֮ȥȵ֮ǲſؽͦģʱһ̣ͨ˯Ҳûп֡
ؽװεĺܺãǲûܵŰԺȲ滹һ䣬һжŵ׵滹вСߣɢĵǣһ棬Ϊǽһ׶԰ᡣ
һаãҺѦС߾ͷˣȥ
ȥ֮ҺѦС߾͸׼ı˳óһҩӣװǸƿƿ޹ޣΣԲͣĵģҲ֪Ǹʲô
֮£һ䣬ѦСȴңöҩʱʬֵʱ򣬺Ըүүѩޡ
ĵЩҲ̧ͷʱѾЩҲû˼˯ˣСȺ޹ɵֻص֮дˡ
ΪʼУʱ̱Լѵս״̬
ʮǰһ˾͸ܵϾɽ˵ʬ֣ԲǺöԸĽɫⲻһս
ܻܲŻһδ֪
ԽԽҪΪǿʢսǴ򲻹ʬ֣Ҳù
£ܲʱš
һ۾תۼʱ֣۾ʱ򣬾ͿѦСߺͳ¶ҵĶ档
֪֮һֱǵңҴУҷ˶Ѿ׼ˡ
ľЩΣæʳ´ɩǱߵ鶼ûУ
¶˵ҲǸմӹǰѽѾˡ
˶ʮƣϢ֮ȥһͬԷ
ɫò˶Ҫˣпһٷ
򵥵ʰһ£ɳ¶ԷǸСԺӡ
ҺѦС¶ȥǶԷȥˡ
ԼӵĹ⾰һƣķ˲ų˹΢˼䣬˱ΧԳ
ηԵЩƣ¹ڳصԵʣһﶼԵĺ٣ҲһЩƣҲûҺȶ࣬ϾϻҪȥ
԰˷֮ѦСҪҪһɵǰѼٵѪɻ꽣
־ƺ׼һ֣ǳ¶ӺԺóһεĺӡ
ûнǺӴһŨɷƮɢҺѦС߲ɵЩš
־ԴǸӣһһ׶೤ĺɫչǵǰ
ʺѪɷڣ˿űаԵĺܡ
о⽣ֶܵѪһ㡣
־ɽѪľɵĽУ˵ѽʱɱ˼ֻĸѪ˽УڷһЩֽţҵѪɻ꽣˶ֵĻֻǿ棬Ѫɻ꽣ûʲôܹŪһʬֲôúŪˡ
أֻҪܾȳУʬֽɱɱɱĻǾӣŸƴѦС˵
־̾Ϣһȴʬ֣ɲǰ׵飬¾ҪǵԽλֵܲû̫ĹϸֱӴź߰ɣģǷΪǷ޶˶
˵ţ־תͷĿһ۷ԪҢԪҢʱǵһ˿Ц⣬ס˳־֡
˵Ѿ˸׼һʼǾûдʬֵл
Խˣв֪ΪξһεĸоҲ˵ΪʲôأͷȻֱɽǰ·һ򲻲Ƕܻء


523 ѽ
ٷһ׼һ£ҺѦС߻һͷǷ򸾶֮ǰһ£һúɴסס
ںҹ֮У·ԱΣߣǲǸǷ򸾶һȥԶԶĸǣԱ͵Ϯʬ֡
һж׼׵ʱ춼ѾЩˡ
ұ˶ʦ֣ǬһеķãŸѦС߳Ǽҡ
ǺǷ򸾶һͬҸƬ֣Ƿ򸾶˸ǴһкװżٵѪɻ꽣ĺӳС
Ƿ߳ȥ˺Զһξ֮ҺѦС߲Žںڰ׷Ƿ򸾶ȥˡ
һֱһ⣬Ǻʬڳ־ļҵĸڰʲôĿǻȥὫǵļƻȫ̴ңһֺΣյľء
ҺѦС׷֮ǰΣΧ鿴һʬֵΪߣԼӣͽܳĻΪﲻܹоȵľأҲŻĴ󵨵ӸƮһȦûڰˡ
ʮ֮Ȳŷ˻˵ûˣҺѦС߲ŷų־ߵķȥ
Ǹʼձһľ룬Լһ·ķΧ֮ڣȲǣҲᱻ˷֡
˰ݺܣżȻҲܿһЩСĴɽ֮䣬ÿҲͼʮ˼ңСĴҲʮ˼ҡ
ʱǷ򸾶Ҳûи˵Ѫɻ꽣ʣǸǣҲ֪ΪǶĵθһ֪
ԣľǽĸǷ򸾶˵һֱǰȥ
˹ŴԼСʱĹ⾰־ԪҢһ븹صһСͣȻתͷĹˣڵʲôˣѰҺѦСߵ䡣
ҺѦС߱˴˿һۣţѵʬָ־ǽͷĵط
ʽ飬ѵʬ־ôĿŵҪһӸӡ
ϸһ룬òΪˣʬֱһˣƢ׽첻µز£ʲôɲڴӸҲʲô顣
һɽϣҺѦСһһƬïܵĲݴԺ棬غǵ֡
ǻˣͷų־ǿȥʱԵҲЩƣüͷ΢΢ţ־ﱧǸתżٵѪɻ꽣ĺһֱΣԵЩš
ɽӶ࣬һֱ߷ȥѦСҲҩɢʲôζ˵ľֻþš
ƺڿǷ򸾶˵ģ˰Сʱ֮һ˲٣ԶɫȫҲӣǴݷɽ߳ģһǱǣ˵ıӰһˣͲǸˣʬ֡
˳֮ҺѦС߲ɵٴζһۣôʲôһֽһֽô
ʬħûд㽻ʣҲô԰ɣ
˵ıӰͻȻЩ죬
һʱ벻ˡ
ǸӴҡڵĳų־˹ȥʮ׵ĵطվסˡ
һԷֻһˣ־ɫƺԵЩŭ
ǿڣӱЩͷſ˵𣿡
ˡҶأԪҢЩȲ˵
ȻҲǴˣҪУ㽫Ƕóơֵ
Ǹ꿪˵ҵһӾᵽɤۣղŻֻǾñӰ죬һ˵͸Ӿöˣһ˵Ժ︡˳
ǲ
Ǹõˣô
Ȼһǲȷֻһ˫˸ϡ鲣ӵĿĶǸ˵ıӰ
ңҲĳ
ƺҵ쳣ѦСңС˵СšôˣҪǶǸ˿Сı¶вء
ʱҲŷӦ˹΢΢ĵ˵ͷϢĿǸӰȴǾҵš
־Ŀһۣ˺ӣǼٵѪɻ꽣չ¶˳⽣һ¶棬ʱɷڣһɱ֮ӿǰһ˵ͷ˵Сӻʶ࣬ѽҰɡ
˵Уͳų־֡


524 
־ûнװĺһգ˵Ҷأ˵õǽӻңҲܽǣҶӣǲὫѪɻ꽣ġ
ȴһЦ˵еѡȰǽԹԵĽҪȻɱĺ
־ҲĶݺõ˵УһҪȷҶӻţܽǡ
ôģҪѽңȻὫӻǡ¶û
־һЦҧгݵ˵ǺãȻǲҼӣҲõѪɻ꽣ƣҽ⽣ˣȥʬħƴ
˵գ־һѽѪɻ꽣˳ֱӽװĺӶһԣһֻ֣ҪѪɻ꽣ȥ
־ֻһз֮Ȼ̺УԶҲɣһȥѪɻ꽣϶ϳأϾֻһɽѪľ֮ǰӲѽҪɱˣҲƾķǿŽ̺֮ɷɻıԣڸģͬʱҲһ飬ǾԼĶӵ׻ûлҪȻΪʲôԼĶӶÿһۣǳ־ΪʲôҪôԭ
͵־ּѪɻ꽣ϵʱڳסˣæֹ
־֣һ˲˲Ŀꡣ
־Ƭ̣˵ƾײһ㡣
֮һ֣ʱһ˴Ӻڰ˳ʱһӣԼģСӺǻ˹ȥһֱûжӶš
һԼĶӣһֱǵԪҢʱ㺿ֵ֣ͳǸӰ˹ȥ
͵ԪҢҪߵʱǸһֱźӵͻȻһѽָԪҢŵԪҢס˽Ų
ҲˣѽͿԴؼˡֵ
͵־Ҫ˵ʱͻȻһڲԶ˵ע⣬ҺѦСҲͻȻðһæתͷȥڲԶɽͻȻ߳һȺŰɫТˣһҲҵһȺ˿žͳ˹Ⱥ˵м仹һڴײģ߰˸˸̧š
ȥϷɥ
ʲô
ѵﻹϷɥϰײɣ
ȺߵĺܻԶԶľʹ˹ҹģһĻЩˡ
ֻ˶ݵעܿе˼ֶ⽻ʵ֮ϡ
־תͷٴο꣬˵Ҳǣֻһ䣬Һӻ𣿡
һЦ˵ģֻҪ⺢Ӻö˶˵ġ
˵ţһѴߵǸнӹ˺ӣ˼£ܿʹˡۡһ죬Ǻӷ
ҺѦСŵڷֻҪû¶һоͺðˡ
ӿ޳֮󣬺ܿ쿴Լİְ裬Ȼ޺
ԪҢҲûܰѳסſ˻ͳС˹ȥ
ȵȡһεĵԪҢǰ˵ǰѽڵϣǰѺӷڵϣһԺˣԼᳯǱܵġ
־Ҳֻ
־ǰѪɻ꽣ķ˵ϣҲӷ˵ϡ
Ǻӿ޵ңһؾͳų־Ǳ˹ȥǷ򸾶ֶֻܿӭź˹ȥ
ڴʱǰ˼һѽǰѪɻ꽣УҺѦСߴʱȫվʼųȻȥ
ҺѦС߶ΪʲôֽţСڳ־򸾵С
Ȼȴǵ֮⣬ֻýûһĶ
һУЦ޲ڵ˵ýһѺý
ȴ룬ɵ棬ϵ˻֪
ڴʱȺĶѾų־Ǳߺܽˡ
ǳ־򸾻һʧõľ޴ϲ֮У˶Ժֱ
̶Ϳ޺еңʱǸŽתҲģ
ҵ׼Ϊһֱ޷ȷǵҽŲҰ׵¹ЩŵĻѣڿݣлǵһûˣҿѰõǸˣҵĳСԬ
ôطأ


525 ߱
ҺѦСڿٵƶΣٵߣ˻ûд㱩¶ΣҵٶȺܿ죬иǼĪԬһ֮ĳԹν߱ȺҵʬҪŪҵʱСӾͲһҸŪ֮󣬻СȸߣһаĹ飬ӿɶǣСӻͬǸʦ㣬ŵʬƳһаȲ֮£һŵʬճһѹǻңûŵԸ
ԬСĴһֱ취Ūңֻûлˣһֱҵͷ󻼣ͬģҲͷ󻼡
ôʱص˵ѰСӵ䣬һֱûͷ˰죬Ȼ˰֮У˵طԱɽ룬Ҫһ˻ǲףֲصһֱûСӵϢ
ɻǣСôʬָһ
ѵǴ˵еĳζͬһô
ǲμȻԬҾͲţţһ춼ʳѰΪĸĸǣԣұ
οٵƶèٵĳԬķƽ
мУѦС߱˺óһξ룬ȻѦС߲֪ҸԬ֮ޡ
ԬעȫǰѼٵѪɻ꽣ϣû뵽ҺѦС߾ɽɽ˽֮кǸǰƺӵ˾ͳһԵɽ˹ȥ
תһɲǼ䣬ҿԬͷЦſ˳־һһۣľǿһ㡣
ԬĽŲӿ죬ƺҪٵ뿪
ԬһһѵʲôҪԸ־һң
Ҹո뵽ʱͻȻһҺߣ뻵ˣ
ǺæתƵ˳־˵ϣһֱ־ڻ֣ͻȻǷһѣһذףһ¾ʹ̽˳־С֮С
־Լӣһĺ־ɿֵӣһƨɵ˵ϣ־ϲûһ˿ʹ࣬еֻ𾪺š
ӣĶӣȻԼɱ֡
ΪһףôܹԼôСĶӻҪԼ
˳־һ֣ƺģһ˫۾ĶǿȵԹٴеĵӳų־ȥ
ɵ۵ԪҢŷӦһץס˶ӵĸ첲־ŭ֡ڸʲôְ֡
ȻǸСȥԪҢκһ֣۵Թ֮⣬ﻹ˻ԪҢסԼеĵֳԪҢ˹
ԪҢ˷ӳʱԪҢһѾץסֵ֡
ԪҢҲǸߣԸһСȻ׾٣ܶԼĶ֣ôһֱ
ģȻǱ˶ֽŵģֲԬղûжǷ޶˶֣ԭһжļƻ֮С
Ҿ֪ƾԬǰԣܾô׾ٵķŹǡ
ղǸаȵЦݣǽһڵˣɱ
ò̵ֶΣԼĶ߱ԵܹĳȻǸӣûп
״ŭڶ
ԬԬôҵҿ϶ù
Ѿһ֮ǰǸխСˣαҪ
գۼĹѾԬܽˣҲΣжʮ׵ʱһ´Ӳݴ֮վ˳ͻɽһΣһԽ֮䣬ͱʮףϿһ־ǰѲǬеǬѳԾȻգһѱҳ
һ׼ԬĿѴ˹ȥ
Ԭڿ첽ţǰѼٵѪɻ꽣Ȼоһɱ̧ͷһҪ㿴һͭǮĿѾ˹
ԬȻһһΣͳһԶ˹ȥֱһҵͭǮ˹
ȻѪɻ꽣ǼٵģҲֽţһЩķģԭͭǮϺâ磬ɱڣһѪɻ꽣֮һеĹâһѺصƺͭǮ̺Ѫ⽣˲һ㡣
һȥֻһУһƷԬ·ؿٴδ˹ȥ
Ԭ޿ɱܣֻþһֻҶƴһƣԣųȻһԬһƺߣ󵹷˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ


526 ԩ·խ
һóȫҲıѾãΪԴ򿴵ԬʱҾû뿪ɱϣ׷ľһɱ
˿Ҳݣ˵һСҪܵСӵв
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һȷʵͦݵģȻԬȴûз֮£óȻӣֻײһʱԬһͷѵ죬Ҳֻһźü£һȥԬСӵֱҪϳأұȻ˺صˡ
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˿̵Ԭ϶Ҳʮ𾪣ôط
ôǴ˵еԩ·խ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
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Ԭ·ɱŻˣײײ˳ȥ˿̵͵ϮˣѾûս֮ƣѾܵ˼ȫ
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ͳǵ۹ʱֱӷ񱼣Ԭ׷˹ȥ
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һͷһѦСߣ˵ͽˣȥ׷ǸСӣҷɱɣ
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Ȼʮֻ֣ʱ˵ķףᣬֹôԬµһ֡
Щ˸Ͳ飬һȺ֪ʲôаˣߵ־ߵʱͻȻѣ˻žͳһ˹ȥ
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־ŵʱ򣬷ԭһȺ˵ҲʮɥˣͻȻǷһ㣬˹
һ״񲣬ﻹŹӣ׶֪ʲôֶΣ֪ûš
־ʱɵˣһֻŲѪСһֻͻȻһ˼־һ˸źıͱС
ȻЩ˾һٲ֮أӿɲǣǹײﻹĳһ߻ëĽʬҲЩТԾ
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Ҽм䣬ЩΪѣɱԬǾ³־һѵѡ⡣
鲻ԥΪûԥʱ䣬תۼһѡҪȾˡ
Ųһ£ҴǬһһ洫ʬ
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ҷתͷǰԴͷȥ䰵Ԭ
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һſŵڵһЩɽ˹ȥһ֣ͿѪܵԴ


528 ʬɽ
˿̵ѾȫȷţЩɽ񷢷һ̣Ѿ׵ˣǷʬ䡣
ȻˣҾͲ飬ֻܴǡ
һ·ֱײһʬ壬ȻҵĿ겢Щͨʬɽ񣬶Ǿ߱ʬֹëʬǶ˵в
ղǱʬֹëʬһϰڣֻҪʬһΣˣʬһʬ¹ʲôëĽʬֻҪʬֹͻһʱɥʧս
ʬи׶ˣǾֻظʹΣҿɲ뽫ʬôԵȫ˷һëʬϣҪţ˵ϻõš
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ҽʬߴ˳Ȼéɽ壬ͼЩΧ־򸾵ʬɽ񣬵éɽ巢һ֮ЩʬɽͻȻͲǰ㱩ˣλζéɽȫ߿˹һʮֱִ
ΪéɽĿҲǿ˲٣ʣµʮʬɽʱȫͣеĶԭػζѡ
ҿ첽˹ȥʬֱЩʬɽһţЩɽȫԭأһ
һЩʬɽͣˣ־Ӳ͵һΣ˵ϣԭ˿ھһֱѪһξҵ˶Ѫ˳ŸʣȶŪѪһƬЩĿġ
־硭ԪҢæеַ˵ϣһѲס˳־մȾѪ֮ϣǵ֮ɫ
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529 ɱ
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ԪҢչ˵ĳ־ǧҪܣȻҺȷͷȥңѦСߵܵȥˡ
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ǵۻ뵽ҺѦСɷǣԭһжǰźõģֻҪǰѪɻ꽣־һҾҪЩ׼õʬɽëʬڣ֪벶ȸںҺѦСߵĳ֣״ǵļƻ
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ѦСߵؿھһӣҵѪҵͭǮϵĴָһѪӣѪ졣
ͭǮɳȥʱҵҲٵĳǵۿ񱼶ȥһͭǮٴҵУǵ۷ӦʱҵͭǮѾĲϡ
𶯣Сĸһ£ҪС˵
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һ˱һ࣬һմȾ˲ѪȵˣһղЩ޹ɽ񱻺ֱ֮ǶֽţŪǸģеŭ㲻һ־ʮֺ
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ѹһеŭ𣬿һƮڰеȣ΢΢ЦȡתͷȥҪСŸڴˡСӿ˲á


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ѦСߺܿſ۾ִһɫҡҡͷЩε˵硭ɩӣֺжˣеʲôһʱҲƲⶾǲĻֿ϶ģ֮ǰпܻᷢʬ䡭
һѦСߵĻ˶һԪҢ£ɫ˲һƬ԰ףٴסѦСߵ֣ڰ˵СֵܡǼҽ취ɡ
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ʱתͷʬֵͽһۣСǵһ˿ײĵЦݣƺܹӣʮָˡ
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ǵһɭĿ⣬סһ飬ղʮӦü£СӲĺܣæҡͷ˵⡭֪СϵĶʦֵġ治֪
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ϲľǶԸӲһһ㱻
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ץһϸΣȫ˿ϣˬҲû˭ˣһϸϸȫ˿ϵʱǵ۵Ļ亹ð˳Ŀѣһ£ֱ۵˹ȥ
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СֱӱҴѪģѪſڵϴŴʵˡ
ֿѦСߣ˵Ѿ֪ʲôˣ֪ν
ѦС߳Ƭ̣˵ͷ˵Ȼ谾ƳʬͣеüĿˣһʱҴղ˵Ĳҩ¶ҪھܿסϵĶɢȫ
˵ţѦСߵ˻ԹȥߣҩóһɫİȫǴСС룬ѦСֵ˼£ָһЩҩ裬ռʱڵĶظסˡ
ղЩ˷ͬһʱҸоѾˣֱҲΪΪǸֲͬҴϸоһ˿˿
һЩģѦСߵС߸磬㿴ЩʬƵˣûа취Ȼ
ѦС߹ȥһۣεҡҡͷ˵Щжʱ̫ˣѾʮʱѾˣǲˡ
ȻȲҲǿⶼ
ѾȻˣѾõԲĽֻҪѦС߻ؼҸְ󼸷ҩɻȴ֪ԶԶû꣬иΣڵǡ
־ѦСߵҩ˿Ҳ֮ɫ࣬վĳҺѦСһ֣˵λֵܣοǰһæлԺõҳĳĵط岻ݴǣ


532 
´粻ؿ˵һҪлǣһֱѰҵһңˣҪȻ˵ڼ֮ڶҵټɫ
һ˵˶һ㶣ѦСҲһͷˮҸԬʱ򣬻ûʶѦСߣѦСȻ֪ԬˣǴûмҲ֪
Сֵܡ˵ʲôˣѵʬ֣־ʵ
ҡҡͷЩ޺޵˵ǡ֮ǰû˵ʬˣҵĳ˾вǸֽ꣬Ԭ
ҵĸԹԡԭһֱ˵ԬȻͣǸʮ꣬ôôɥ飬ƵȥûпѦСЩԾ˵
СӣɻҶϵãղҪЩɽͻȻʬֱĳһëʬԬСӾͱҸɱˣˡЩ׷Ī˵
һ˵ԭֻ֮٣ֻģ־ɫһ죬˵СֵܡղţҪǱһСҲˣǴĲԣ˶Ѿˣ⡭
´磬ҲûҪ˼㲻Ҫֻ̫࣬ǾЩϧѡæ͵
ͻȻ䣬պЩ˳ĬһԪҢͻȻ˵λֵܣȻѾȳˣǾ͸Ͻȥɣʬǵ֪Ѫɻ꽣Ǽٵģֻ׽ͽܣ϶һģʬΪܸߣֶаŵǸĶ֣ǻصﰲȫһЩ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵߿϶ǲˣɩӣΪصͰȫѾʬֽӣһֲݵľأ֪ǾƬΧǵΪ̣ʬֲһܹȥĺ֮ʲô鶼ĳģһѻָˣǳʱδͱı
һ˵ٴνüͷ־˵Сֵܣǰ˼ǸأҪȻСֵܸϽ߰ɣǰǾȳ˺ӣˡ
´磬ʲô˾ôİһ֮Ǿ̫˰ɣ
˵ţѦС߻һתң˵СŰţСӹӶ࣬˵жԸʬֵİ취
˶ңһɫ
ҳĬƬ̣ͻȻܼ򵥣Ǳߣʬ־һսǸһѼٵѪɻ꽣һ׽ͽܣȻǱǾ·ϵ䲻Ҫ
һ˵˲ٴαɫþǳ־򸾣𾪵ĵɴ۾
־˵Сֵܣ֪ҵ˲򵥣Ϊһ֮Ҳ̳ʬֲеô򵥣˲Ϊһϼ޻Ҫֱ̫ˣ¾Ǽ֣ҲĶ֣ʬֲһˣ㲻˵ĳ˸һ𣿡
ѦС߽ҲСţҾ¶ҲؿǣǼҲͰˣɱˣﻹһأɲʬ֣Ǽ˽СǺ䵽ʬֵˡ
ҡҡͷ˵С߸磬ó´ɩӶ֣˾Ͱˣ´ˣҺӻڻԣٸ˶֣ǴźȻȥɣʬ֡
У¶ûȻˣһأСֵܸҽһ£ڸо߰˰ˣ޴󰭣ҲܿΪٴðա־ϴʾܾ
Ǽ۲ݵʱһֱĬȻԪҢͻȻɫ䣬˵ãˡ
һ˵˵Ķᵽɤۣһ뵽ʬֹѰˡ
¿ɺˣǻûȻʬ־׷ˡ
ϸһ룬Щ̫ԾԬʮӶôʹʬֻˣ
֮ǰҸ־˵һΣ˵ʬסģʮΣܾһӸӪկģʬǸԬһģһֱй۲ǵĶһ뵽һֱһ˫۾ڶǣʱҺë
Ҵһĵһ˵ˣʱҲļղŻװ̧ͷĴѰʦʬֵӰ
ȫ˷һŵĳԪҢĿѰ˹ȥ


533 ֮
ĸ˶ٴһ㣬ס˺ŷǸطȥ
ҴʱѾߵǵ۵ߣͭǮĲϣǵ۶ʱһ飬һֵĿңھ룬ʬˣҵһҪȽ۸ɱˡ
ɱһɱ׬ˣһǾ˵
ʱǵǰͻȻһӰ߶ٶȺܿ죬ǳġ
ž벻ϵĿͭǮֶЩ΢΢ķˡ
ǵǸӰٵߵǼʮ֮ڵķΧ֮ͻȻ˵С𣿡
һһֱᵽɤ۵ڷ˲Ǳˣǳ־ҵӶˣǸ¶塣
üһղŵȶˣԭԼˣɵóһ
¶壬ôˣڼտЩ𣿡ԪҢʵ
ЩǶ˯ˣؽҲЩǣԾ͹ô־ȻûУ¶һߵĴѰңڵϿ֣ɵôһæ˹ȥһѽϵֱǵʵСүզˣôڵϣ
¶£־ɫ˵ֱʬֽţһֹĶСֵڣⶾʱѹסˣڻҪơ
ʬ治ǶҾ֪ôһУնӶŹ¶ҧгݵ˵
¶壬Ȼ˾ͺˣϽֻؼңﻹһЩҪ־ɫ
СȻѾͳˣǻɶϽؼȥɡ¶屧֣Ȱ
Уڻܻȥʬֿ϶ŷǣһݣһ϶һġ־ֵ
ʲôûɣ¶ʱɫЩŵ˵СǿҪʬֵΪ̫ˣƾǼˣĶ֣ǻȻȥɡ
ڳ¶Ȱ־̬ɼɫ¶壬ڸϽߣʱˣò˰ʱʬ־ͻ㱧ߣȻһҲ߲ˣһҪչ˺֣ˡ
־Щйµ˼˱ľģʵȴûеǰء
¶屾˵Щʲôǿ־ɫһҲû˵ص̾Ϣһ㱧תߡ
ŲһԵѦС߱㺰ס˵¶壬أҪǻزȥĻʹȥɽҶȣҰѦɣ϶κֵģֻ˵һģǿ϶ܻŻȥ
¶ͷһѦСߣ˵ͷлĿһˣתͷֱʧ֮С
ȳ¶֮󣬳־תͷң˵Сֵܣղ˵Ҫʬ֣ʲôƻûУǸϽðɣʱܽ
ӦһתͷڵϵǵۣٺһЦ˵ҪԸʬֻ֣ܿСˡ
˵ǵ۵ϣǵۻͷһۣ۵Ļ֣֪̿Ҫʲô
ҿ첽ߵǵ۵ߣٺЦСӣʦΣ᲻㣿
ǵ۽Ȼ֣̿˵ʦĴӣʦأȰʶĸϽңҸʦ˵û˵ǣҪɱң϶ĺܲҡ
ǵ۰ѻ˵һž˹ȥСͷ˻ƭңҪǷ϶ĸңҵɵӲɣ
СӳһţһҺߣʵ
Сӣղſ϶ܸ˰ɣΪʦˣģڲɱ㣬㻹ء˵ţٴγǵһţĺϣһ˹ȥ
ֿѦСߣ˵С߸磬ﻹûҩһʱҪѹá
ҩǣۻѦСߺٺһЦȻ֪Ҫʲôǻȫңóһҩ裬ǵ۵죬͸˽ȥ
Сţզ죿ѦСʵ
ٺ١ʬ϶ֽţǾ֮֮Ҳͽ϶ֽţ䲻Ȼ͵ϮһЦ˵
⡭СӹӾǶࡣѦСߺٺЦ
˵ע£ҽǻȥĵϵЩȥɽм䣬ҽ⿪ɴſڵϣһֲ֪ļȻͿʼ


534 ˷ɷ
һ洫ġϴүүҵġ
ⱾϼضһЩзţԼο⼸Ŀھͷǵһ廨ţ󷨡лꡢаƷڻһЩ͹ƶļأԼãүҲǴͨѧ֮ʮַӡ
Щص£ֻǸﲻҪ亦ˣЩаеԭҪעЩȫԺ֮УҲ˽⡣
Ҫǿʬʩչıƣݺ־һСҴ˿Ҳ벻
ҽҩĵȺʬм䣬ȻѦСǰæǵ۵ܿʼڿӣڵĲֻһƴСɣܹһŷؽȥ
֮ǹæֻʱ䲻
ܿ죬ӵĹ⾰Ǽ˵ĺ֮£ǵ۵Χں˰˸ӡ
ȿں֮Ǭ˰ɫķǰҽĵˮ©˿ڹӵĺۼá
ԪҢӹеɫ֮󣬶Ȼһ̾治֮棬һϵȵԳڸ֮֡
ԪҢƷĸ֣ǷϣһһƺõķԿ̷עУܳɾһϵȵķԪҢȻԸ֮İһ۾Ϳ⼸ɫ
ЩɫķҲǶͣһģүүҵģҲ϶ү֣֮Ⱥù˲ٷʣ࣬һó߰ɫЩۣΪɫ޴һһţʵЩۡ
ԸΪʬ֣Ҳ͹˲ôˡ
ֻҪɱЩԺүүҪűǡ
ҸԪҢͣ㽫ЩȫΪıһЩǻ·ĵطػز˼ţƽʵˣֱûһۼʱŰݡ
һǾЩĲ£ʬĸ֣Ӧʮ־ǣʬ壬˵۵ߣԴ˶Ρ
ҽЩ˻ֽʬɽȫŵéɽһָǴһ״̬ٴéɽʱ򣬻ٴηʬ䡣
ڸоˣҲкˣǰҺѦСصǸط˹ȥ˲ڻĲݴӵĺ棬Σãһеʱһֱû˹Ķ
ص˰ȫص֮Ŀȣ˼־дʣϣǵ۵ͻȻһƽš
ǲغ֮Ǽ˻ڹѦСȲʵСţղǵ۵ʲôµɫǺ⣬ǾЩԸʬ𣿡
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǾЩʰʬ֣Ҹղǵµİɫʵǲһ򵥵С󷨣˷ɷ󡣡
ɫүүҵģ޴һɣȫƾҷǣʱʬֿ϶ѰͽܣҲǸۣһʬֿǵ۵ʱҾͿｫǰ˷ɷ֮ʱṴɷ֮ȼʱʬ־ͻᱻǵɷ֮ȼճһѻҽɷ֮ǧһ󣬾мһҲճˮ
ѦСҵĽ̲֮סٺЦСţԭСôգҿҲĵˣҪȻ÷Сһ
־ԪҢԵҲʮָˣЩ˷ܣ־ϲǼƻܹɹǲѵ֮ܽһͷ󻼣ʵòˡ
ȻʬָģҲܱ浶ǹǿ϶ɲֻȡʤҲ·һƻб䣬Ҳõǰ˷ɷûյʬ֣Ǿͳû͵͵ߣ֪ʱǾͲˣ´ɩҲҹҵ׼˵ˣܹʬãղ˵ĻǾһӵϣСӲ󻼣ҾΣ΢Цſ˵
Сţƻֱ޷죬·ˣòһǾ͵ʬֱһֻɡѦС߸˵Щ㵸
־Ҳʮ޳⣬׷׵ͷղŵĵһɨա


535 ʬ
ԴҾҪԸʬֵʱ򣬾ûдӲƴ˱ҪУǼ˵ΪԸݺὭʮʬ֣۵ûʲô
ԣֻȡʤҲµ˷ɷ޷˷һЩˣղȻҲ֮ʱĸȥСӲǾ׾ˡ
ʬָӹһ٣Ǿûɶ˵ˣʮΪϲߣ򲻹ܵı»еģշǱҲָһ
νӱʮ겻һʱתΪǵʱʬħ鷳Ҳ١
ĸϢſڲݴ֮УȺʬֵĵ
£Ҿһ飬ǾԬΪʲôط
һصˣһֱԬ䣬ҲصһܲŵͨҪȻʬħ£ò˶롣
ʬҵϣȻһʬ֡
ʬ֡ʬš
أ߶˼飬ͻȻһðһֵ뷨ѵʬʬͷɣ
˶ǵʬһãζͬϧҲеġ
ʬǸɱªģʬܹζ治һء
굷ʬ͹֮ˣҪմȾһЩа֮Ū˲˹˶ªޱȣʬŵһЩģܲɰͰ͵ģƤˣһţѰ˿һ۹϶جΣǸʬһȵĻһһʬ֣Ŀζڲͬ
Щ߰飬֪䣬ֹȥ˰СʱĹ⾰ʬ־Ȼû⼸Ǳڲݴе˲Щ
ͲסӵѦС˵˵ʬǲСŵͷŵĲҳ˰ɣСǰÿǽħճһúպգһСŵͷ͹
Ȼ־ȴСֵܣ̫Сʬħˣ껹ʱͺ޼ɣһ˾͸ܵϾɽǺεȵĵɫİܲ
ʱҲ̫һЩѾȲҪʬճɿˡѦСЦ
ѦСƣҲЩϰ£Ҫ˵ʬңҾҲЩ̫ܣʬݺὭ꣬ʱ򣬹һûأǱһëͷСŵĲҳӦսǱЦ󷽣Ժʬֻôؽϻȥ
۴ʲô˵ʬֶûвĵ
ֵһжҲЩˣȥܲ鿴һһ뵽ϴαԬ׽С飬ҾЩˣҿɲһεʧȥȣ䵽ʬֵУ³϶ʮҡ
˵ȵĶЩסʱɽ棬ͻȻһŲ⻹˵
һ˱˴˻࿴һۣҲ
ˣʬֿ϶ˡ
Ǽ˽ѹĸһЩҴϢӲڲݴԺ棬ͨݴԵķ϶
вʱ˴ӲԶɽ˳
ǿ˵ʱ򣬲ɵȫһ
ȥЩ˵ĵӿǹģô£Ȼ̵ִĳ
ڼ֮һɽϣԼʮˣмоȻŻǰ·
ǼŻѵ˺棬һڽΣһˣĸ׳̧ţλƵĳ˹
ڽǸ˳֣һӣʮִֿ񣬵ڿźûйͷһ㣬̱ϣһļӣﻹһӣҡҡģһһƵġ
үģⶼʲôˣֵ粻ãȻûѡ
ʬֵǺôļӣһǼ˸סˡ
ʬȻһɢӣϻɢһʮǿĞųһǵǰʱһʮֳصѹЩ͸
ʬչֳȣʬ˺üΡ
ΪһϹ֣Ǹ˲һ
һԵѦСͻȻС˵˵ʬôô˹һֱһ𣿡
־Ҳѹĺܵͣ˵ʱʮ꣬˵ʬֳͽˣһ¾ʮͽܣиУղһͨæ˸ˡ
˵УЩƬʬԽԽǾͲٷκˡ


536 
ʬֳǵȦΧ֮ڣл֣̿ŵҴϢ
һչֳĞųҲ˵߸ŵЩҲǷ֮
ңһˣһǸʬߵԬһԬǸʦꡣ
֮ǰǽ֣ԬҲˣǸĺÿʦ꣬Ǹݽɫһβͱɱˡ
ʵһʼԬʱҾһֱСпҲ֣ҵļƻ֮ڡ
ǳ֮ǣʬߵʮͽܣģӡ
Ҳһ谭һ˷ɷʱ򣬼ʬ֣Ҳһܹȥ
Ϊʵ̫һЩƾĸˣһܹô
˵˼һ̲ⶼЩ
ܿ죬ʬ־ͱһͽ̧ЩʬԱߣķʬɨһ۵ϵʬ壬˵֮ǰ˵ǸʲôʲôСʲô·ţʦʹˣЩ̫á
Ԭæһޱȹ˵ʦСӽǸʬҵĺˣүү͢ӥȮһǻܸˣһʦֶˣʦֶĳˣɱʦ˼һҪҺʦɱ˴ⲣΪʦѩޡ
ʬֵ˵ͷеζ£˵Ϸ˵ǸЩ汾µģֻϧϷûи֣ôܵĵؽأ
ԬҡҡͷҲЩƵ˵ʦֶͲ֪ˣʱҲͦƶġ
˵СͷʢǰʱգһصĴ֮еȸħˣǲǾ˵Сӣʬּʵ
ʦȷд£¶϶棬Һʦ㶼֣ҲŲ꣬һǰңû˵ôߣʱԸħʱ򣬲ֻһˣүүҲڣ˵ϾҲСҸղŸֵʱ򣬷Ϊ־˲٣Ҳ͸ʦΪڲ֮䣬Ϊ塭ԬæӦ
ʬָԬԻյĸȫſ˲ݴԵĺ棬ͷ̧ʬɢǿųǾǸµĶ֣ǲôĿŵĿܿͻᱻǵĴڣĻҵļƻȫˡ
ſֻǾżҲ۽ǵȥƲһۣܿŲˡ
˵䣬淢ˡǲһ춯ڹͷ죬΢΢̧ͷһۣһۿȥҵһʬֵͽд˿һѪܵͷղ춯϶ǿͷĶ
ǸӺܿ·ǿѪܵͷϣߵʬֵߣһĵ˵ʦ֪˼ҾͰʵԣ˸ûãԽӻȺأ˼ҳʡ
ʬӦһһЦͽԴǺӵн˹ָͷһץʱͽǸȲ֣ץһԽӾͳ˽ȥ
ȥүģˣ
ʬִԽӵΣһθҪǺ±¶Σ͵˳
תͷѦСߺͳ־򸾵ʱǵɫҲ̫ÿһ鶼ʮ־ᣬԪҢӶѾЩ΢΢ˡ
ʬԣԣǿˣȴˣǲɱˣֻݡ
ʬͽԽӳһɸɾһͷ͹䵽˲ݴ֮УЩδһ˫֣ͻȻʲôתͷԬ˵ˣʦָһģΪʲôС˻ʦأ
ԬһЩηʬ֣æ˵ʦʱʦֶǰѪɻ꽣ֱˣʦ־ʦֶһѪɻ꽣Уһ˵ֵסЩˣʦֶֻÿӱ޵ĻȥŶʦϽȴʦ֣ڵʦӦ䵽ǵУҲǱǸɱˡ
СӵǺܻҽڣʱżûй˼ǵ۵˵ԵԼжƵģΪ˽Ѫɻ꽣͵ʬֵУŶǵܵġ


537 ת
ʬҲɵб۾һԬǹһĨЦݣ³֣ô
һһЦɱԣԬһһ¾͹ʬֵǰϻ̳Ͽֵʦֶаٻʦ
ʬֹһЦûմԽӵһԬԴ˵ʦôһʣôʲôѵʦɱ㲻ɣ
ԬֻǹڵϣɪɪһҲ˵Ҳ¼ԸɭŹֵʬ֡
ʦʦܿ϶ǵʱУȲѽʦġʦСʦܲġ
ʱǳǰһԬѵ
ʬٴιһЦһס˳֣ĸһЦ˵Ȼ˵ˣǾˣʦûҪ˼Ͻɡ
ʱҳų꿴һۣȴֳ֮ԵĵִɫʬֲʲôøУֻԲòӡ
֮Ԭվ˵һߣͷ˵
ɴ˿ԿԬͳͶʬ֮СӹĲô̹ıһ㣬˵ʲôʱСûˡ
ʬˣ治һı̬ͬݽ档
һҸӼᶨҪɱľġ
һ۵С֮ʬֺ¶˵С갡˵ǽô죿
ü΢˵ʦȻͬʱ֣Ǿ˵һģʦʦõĹϵɱʦʦһͬ꣬ʦģǽҹɱµϳһˣɱʦ𣡡
ʬֺٺһЦ˵˵ĶԣϷд⣬Ǿɣھȥճµϳʲָһѻˣȫɱ⣬֪Ϸ³
˵գʬһֱ֣Ǽͽ̧Ҫֱ־򸾵Ժȥ
һˣ˵ٴ
üһҷѾĻǸ˷ɷһôûϣǾôˣ
ǵ͹ʬħԼĴͽܵûзûȥϵʬһۣѰһͽܵӰ
ǵۻţ˵ʬħصͽܣȫǳ
ֻһߣ¶ǾΣˣЩڵؽеĺӣ϶ѲʬֵĶ֡
ʬֵٴα̧һƬ֪Ǻˡ
һҪżǳ־򸾣һҪܿͱסˣǧҪ¶Ρ
־һɫұȻһƣҺܿ˹־˼һ棬ʬ˷ɷλãȻ󣬽ʬħ
ҺܿҡҡͷȻܾ˳־뷨Ҳ˵ǳ־취ܲеͨеͨǰ˷ɷҲ飬һǷԵ˿϶Ҳܵ⽹ۣ϶޷Լµķʲô
ǳ־ѾԼҺӺͳ¶գҪǿͷţû⡣
ȻҺͳ־ֲµʱʱͻȻתʬͻȻ˵ȵȡ
˸ո̧Ľӣַܿ
һСʵʦ˼һʲôԸ
Сȥҿͷһȥ֣·;ңԶΪʦüͷҹö˶ӡ
ϡͽ͸ȡԵƬ̡
˵ţղǺӾһƬҲõǰ˷ɷķ˹ȥ
һ־ҲˣһȻĳǺӵķ˹ȥ
ֻáǡ춯ѪܵͷͱǺУǼɽʬ嶼ҸղŷڵߵˣΣֻϧͷʬ塣
Ǻһʬʱ򣬸Ҫµ˵Դʱ򣬵ͣ˰֮Уһ˵ʦҴʦ񻹻š
һǺ˵ʬֵ˶Ŀ⿴Ǹӣܿ죬ʬֱ˻ţ˵زأ
ͽҲ֪˵ˣʦɣʦֵ׻ûеþȡǺ
ĸڲݴԺ˲ϲ¶˳ϷֻҪʬ̤˷ɷķΧ֮ڣ󣬽ճһѻҽ


538 мˣ
Ǻһ˵⻰һֱȥһڵĳ嶯ղǵһЩǵ۵ͷѾˣʱ򣬼ǷǵʦҲΪʱ
ôͽܵ棬ʬֲܲȥһ۵ģҪȻ˭ԺԸͽܣΪȴһȣʬҰ³
ȻʬҲȫûԣǺӵĻ֮󣬱㻺Ĵ֮Ҳµİ˷ɷһһ˹ȥ
ʬǵԽԽʱҵĳȣĪ
ͬʱһ־Ѿ׼ˣֻҪʬ̤뷨ķΧ֮ڣ̾ͻ֮ء
ǣʬϾҪߵ˷ɷıԵʱƺоʲôͻȻͣ˽Ų͵һתͳ˹
һ̣ǵ߶ʬϵʱѾоһ˿ΣյϢѾǵĴڣ֮ͣ˽Ųҳ߿˹
ʬֵ۾Ǹ֮ӣʬתʱĸȫʶĵӣٴס˺
Ǹĸ֣ǸôԶܸоעⳬǿľҲǹֲġ
ֻһ˲ʬֺܿתȥѦСŵӶſ˵ϣҲȥʬ֡
Ҫǰ˷ɷ󣬲ò۽ǵȥƲһֻۣҪʬ̤ķΧ֮ڣ̾
ĸ˶ïֵĲݴԺ棬ͨ϶ȥ۲ʬħһһĻĲݵţһкü׵ľ룬ʬȻǿʲôģΪʲôɽҰڶɣû̫ע⵽ߡ
Ѿ˱ǵ˹ȥʬһͽܶ˹ȥ֣Щ˼ȥվڷΧŽż⣬Դȥ
ʵɱ˳ʬ֮⣬ǾԬʦˣʬȣҾʦ˶ҵвǾһŶʱըʱпܱвҺҼ˵ǱҪ
󲿷ֶΧǻԹȥĵȥԬͳȴûǸ£˴һǷͦԶС˵ʲô˵ɫ粻
ܿ죬ʬ־ͳŵ۵ķ˹ȥЩͽÿһ·
һ
ʬѾ̤ǰ˷ɷķΧ֮ڣ⻹ҪҪĳһЩܸκδϢĻᡣ
ԣʬ̤뷨֮Ҳûż֣һѵʱ
ʬߵ˵۵ߣǸӵн۽˹̽һ±ϢȻֳſƤһ£ȻһҲͨҩܿ;쳣Ƶ˵ְСӾȻûǸɱˣǱҩôһ¶أ
ʬֵüͷͻȻһڷӦ˹ȵãмˣ⡭
ʬֵĻأ˫ֿ˼־˲˰˷ɷ󣬷һɲǣʱʬֵ˷ͬʱ˰˵ɫĻ棬߰׸ߣֱɫĻ潫յͨ͸˲ҲϯʬΧЩˡ
ʬַӦʱѾˣʱקһֶǸ
ڵĻϯס߰˸ˣվǷ֮ҲЩסʱϾһŻ𣬷ĲҽڵϲͣĴ
Χ˶ˣ˵֮еЩˣʱ䣬ĲҽһƬǲҽе̫ˣⱲӶû־ʹ
һжҵġ
ڰ˷ɷһɲǼ䣬ǳɫ͵һһŵӰǷ˳һ¾ǷԶ
ǸˣȴûзʹĲҽԵЩվԭأȼŻ˫֣ƺ䣬ٶȺܿ죬֮󣬴ڳһźŨľһīˮʱסȼյɫ棬ϵĻ潥ЩɫûȻϨˣŨ̹ôԶҶܹŵһɿζŻͦġ
һŵζͻȻһ飬ҺþöûгԿ⴮ˡ
֮󣬿Ժ͸⴮Եˡ
ʮֿ϶ոմӷˣʬ֣Ҳֻ´֮ѳǸɫǰɫɷ֮Ƕôֲͨˣ˲ܻҷ


539 ճ˽̿
һСʬ֣ҾĲµİ˷ɷ󣬾Ȼûһ˲佫ճɻҽ˳ʬִӰ˷ɷӳģҲͦҵģֶΣڳһŨĺ֮жȥˣð̣ҴϻһֿζƮɢһǿ˵⡣
ζǲŰ
ʬֱһѣôҲ뵽ǵĴħͷȻܣǵжĵӡ
Ҫ䲻⹥䲻ܹȡʤʱΪ߲ӺʹΪ߾һУʬ־̫ˣŻҵС
ƾݺὭʮ꣬үҲǰ״˭ôأ
عһϲսеͭǮͬʱһ߼˷ĴصĴϢǿʬҲ˷ܵģħͷڵõӦе³
ճһ̿ʬֱ㶵վͻȻһ죬һ̣Ӿǰֱͦͦ˵ϣ֪
ʬˣ˵ЩͽˣڷмЩˣûüҽһ˲ͻһź̿˵ϡ
ǼҲȫðɫĻ棬ҽطˣ֮ҲϨһֱյûȼյĶ֮󣬲ŻϨ
ֻգۼĹҿ߰˸УʣŵĸϽĴӣֲ̫ԶһǾ֮񣬵Сĵŵ˿ӣȻʱǣ֪ʲô顣
Ϊ𾪵ģվڷԶԬͳʦˣһĲ˼飬ǿʬֱճǰģɵڵصʱ򣬸ɵһ㣬ԭһ
һ۾˲
ʱһԵѦСͻȻһҵ䣬üЩ˵СšҿʬħˣǲҲֻʣһˣô죿ҪҪȥ
תͷѦСһۣѦС޷ƵļϾɱʬһʮĴˣѦд𣬵үүѦǬɱˣѦСȲҪгˡ
־ԪҢҲһĿңԼ䣬ҾͳǵĹǡ
Ƭֳ̣ڵϵʬֿһۣԬͳϣһŭٴڶ
ɱЩһҪɱ⣬ƬײԬͳꡣ
һ˵ʲôܷŻɽˡ
һҪأܲ£ΪҲȷʬǲˣҪթǳȥɾ鷳ˡ
Һܿ˾֣ص˵´磬ɩӣһȥԸԬʦ꣬ҺѦСȥʬֲһҪסǧҪҵĳУһѪȷʬ֮󣬺ܿͻȥԮ֡
־Ҳ֪գ˵֮󣬱СֵܣҪȻҺɩȥʰʬ֣ȻŮĳˣӦɱǲǣŮֻˣгޡ
ҿһ۳־Щ̵һЦ˵´磬ĺˣʬǿʬĸ֣Ǹʬһĺˣû͸ܻа취Ըıǣɩʰǣ»ڣһɱǡ
־Ҫ˵æһƣסĻͷٴγЩ˿һۣǰ˷ɷĻѾϨЩҲ͸ˣֻм˵ıȽѡ
һйƽǼ˴ŵӣʼʬֵķȥǿʬֵûС
ҲԬͳڡ
ǻĳڵϣѾ˽̿ģʬֿеéɽ壬˼־ʼ߶˷еһεķתӡڵǿҲʼͷĴ߶֮£éɽ巢˼΢춯һ̣ԶһƬɽֵʬ嵱Уʼʬ΢΢ζ˼£Ȼ͵ĵ𣬿ٵĳͷָףûκԤ׵ľͳЩʬֵͽ˹ȥ
ҹЩʬɽʬŪ˺С죬Щʬֵͽע϶ճ˺̿ʬֵϣƺûע⵽춯
ЩʬɽԾ£ȻٶȶȻӿ죬ͳļ˹ȥǰһӸûз˶֮󣬸һתͷͱһʬɽ˵ڵϡ


540 о
ʬɽһ̧ͷʱǺӵĲҧһѪƤ⳶ôһ飬Ѫ죬̵Ѫ
⽫ʱ⣬ҵΪÿһʱ֮󣬾ͻһԵһԼܹоõǴӻȪ·֮󣬲ǿ۽磬ʶ޷飬ǵҲĴ˺ܶ࣬ò˵ʬɵԩȫӡҵĵ֮С
ԩһԹ֧ǿҲһҵĵƣΪʲôҸΪʬһϸµĵ
оҺͶʦһͬɵǧ껱ڵ֮һȫ뵽ҵ֮С
֮һҲǧ껱˺üĵУľ֮ڣһʱ޷ܺͻ⣬ֻԺΪϵ澭֮С
ʱգҵΪﵽһʱ򣬽ǧ껱ĵܽڣҲ˵ħľֵʱҾԿƾʵһϸ¡
ȻҵΪһ̶ȵҲоǧ껱ڵʼڷˣһԴȪע澭°빦һܹͨʮ졣
ҸеĪϲ顣
ʵʵ˵ʬԴҿһ۵ʱ򣬾;Ҹȣһֻһ㣬ֻҪָͷͿԽ
ǺжҪʮ⣬ͬݽ棬ԣ¾һӵḬ̇ˣ³ֻһ
ϾɽЩ˿ԷʬֺаԵƤӵ¾ǲС
Сү۾ݲɳӡ
֮ǰүƾһѽ߳彭£аΪ֮ɫ䡣
֮ң϶Ǽ̳үѪһɲľͷݲִ֮Ϊ
ӲƴҲʬֵĶ֣Ҳ಼á
ǰ˷ɷ󣬸ҲΧЩʬɽһвɣУ˫ر֮£ʬش
ʱéɽԿʬ򵥵ߣ޷ҧˣڲһˣΪϵ֮ǿ֧ţһʮǿĵ֮󣬿ԴԴϵı棬һٶéɽ壬ֱӿʬʬЩʬֵͽܷҵĽ
ԭʬֵͽܾͱ˷ɷ˴룬ʣҲ˵ӣ֪ʲôһɽʬ䣬û˿±ӱ˵ڵأʬһٿҧ
һԵԬͳѾӳ˹Ҳճ˺̿ʬ֣˷ͳǼʬɽɱ˹ȥ
һʱ죬ҽéɽһͭǮǲݴԺȻ
һкɱɫޱ
һӣָɽˣ˵ȥɱǣ˰һƬɱ
ҵһŽɽ³˹ȥŲɿ죬϶¸壬һƵļɽ£ҸһʱѦСߺͳ־Ҳ
֮ǰǾˣҺѦС߸ʬֲ־ǶԸѲԬͳˡ
ԣҺѦСߴɽϳֱ֮սʬֶȥ
־һͲԬͳˡ
ĸͻȻɽϺ£ʱЩʬƴˣԬ֮ԵӶһ£ƺеЩ˼飬ҲǴʧɫɫɷס
ǻû뵽ƾĸˣʬ֡
ǲҪһҪһһˡ
Ҫɱǣһ
ǵľġ
ûйУɳ־ԸǣǷ򸾶˵ΪԸǴ´ˡ
֪ȷʬˣһжȻпǡ
ǵҸѦС߳嵽ʬʮҵĵطʱͻȻһֲԤУָоҲ֪Ǵﴫģ֮һ¡
ѦС߻ȻδǸûбƹĻľоҪʬֵȥ
ʱͻȻһۣһסѦСߣĳ̫ͣһ½һЩ˵ϡ
عѦСһãȻĿңʵզˣǲҪʬֲô
ȹȥ̽һʬ˵˵ţ˼־ͭǮڵϵʬ־ʹ˹ȥ


541 µĶ
ͭǮâһһâֱӾͳڵϱճɺ̿ʬֶȥ
ղеһ£ҿΣգǰڵСȻᱩ¶вأʬע⣬ұСȶ֮С
ղеĪľ£СŪĶ
Σգֻܳǵŵʬ֣ҲòСҿӣСİ㡣
һֱʬŸʬĪĹϵ
ѾȫȷˣĻЩ룬һΪʬʬֵͷˣԭʬʬֵʦ֣Ҿ˵ʬֲôصĿζῴôһš
ǲʬŸʬֵĹϵͬСɣڲ鷳Ժ϶Ҳ취Ūҡ
ȻǾһݣھɱԺҲһͷ󻼡
ڴˣֱӴͭǮճɽ̿ʬֵϴ˹ȥ
һǴʵˣʬֵŷǵһѪɣԽҲΪһŽ
ҺѦСĿǰѷźâͭǮʬִ˹ȥֻͭǮۿžҪʬֵϵʱ䶸ǰѼȥͭǮȻ䱻һŨĺסˣͭǮϵĺâͻȻɢȻٵתͻȻ͵תìͷһ³˹
ΣоĪ
ôģҾ֪ʬֲô׾ͱҸɱˣϾһнʮ꣬Ϊڽ֮϶ŵһãôɵСУԲʬĸ֡
ò˵ʬţĲУİ˷ɷûɱһĵļͽܣѾճһѻҽͷӶûˡ
ֲķ֮Уܹһ
ʵıҲûо̫𾪣ΪѾ׼ЩԽܵǣʬֵǳףôճˣûһ⣬ڵһװһôʱ䡣
֮װѾϵЩ˾ݷΧ϶ΪˣǻȻûзʱٰ֣һֲ
˵Ļĳ಻ȣô˼ϸܵһŮˣĶ֣µġ
ҿһûóȻߵߣͭǮ̽һѣҺѦСóȻߣѾɱˡ
нô꣬Сˣ϶ǵ˼С
ԵģӶԣ϶ǡ
ǰͭǮҵĿѷ˹æѦСƵһߣҲһΣһ˹ȥ
ͬʱҿ˼־ͼסǰͭǮͭǮҵķŴڸҵķͿھǣͭǮҲʱ䲻ˣ֮ȻһĬĸӦڣͭǮ˷ʱҶܹʱ÷ǣסͭǮ»صҵУá
һΣٴͼͭǮʱ򣬾͸оһӴͭǮɢ˳ƺҵĿˣȻҼķӿƫ˹һԴ˹ȥ
ͭǮһźֱԱߵһô˹ȥ
顱һ죬ͭǮͲ˴֮ϣֱӽǴһԴһͭǮϰĺɢȥ
ҺѦС˼ոסΣͿһֱװʬͻȻӵվǰ˷ɷյĿȫǣºںһƬΪֹð̣ɢһɱ˵ζʮִ̱ǡ
ʬվ֮󣬲ûֱӳɱǳԶһ㣬һ˫ڰ׷ӶݺݵĿǣҧгݵ˵ϷݺὭʮأⱲӾʹûгԹĴȴ⼸ëͷСӰһһˮܷ˴ϷСˡ
ʬֵϻɢһҺѦСߵĞųԼܹоʬֵΪǸһصȸħȣƺҲ˶١
Ǹʵɵĸֲ֣ܹ֮ؽ衣
ħ˺ԵʬܹᲢۣʵͿ֪ˡ
һ֣ǰѲϵͭǮॡһ죬·ɻҵУҺͭǮѦСߵǰԲһٺһЦ˵ʬ֣Ȼ鴫ðŻɷ֮û㣬󡣡


542 Ż
ССϷ򻹲ƾëûгСӣɱϷ򣬼ֱǳΣۣʬһΪмģ
´һۣٴμţɴеˣճˣǰװʲôͷбСүİ㣬վҵǰСү㡣
ʬֱһ䳰ȷ˳ģȻҲûжŭֻϸɨһۣ˫ڰ׷ӣҸоһɶ֮⡣
֣صɨңǽҵһĶ֣ٺһЦ¶һڴƵ˵ҵĺˣǸСӣ
Ҳ֪ΪͻȻ£һ£ûкĻһ䣬˵ⲻ˿ӷƨһôѵԬû˵ɣ
һûоðһݽɫү߳彭ʱ򣬷ͷһʱҲǸҲ֪ûСֻһһүүһʱ򣬾Ѿû뵽ӵģͻȻðͷʼ˷ˣҲãСҵУϷͳ׽Ҷ𣬴Ӵ֮󣬽֮ҲûһţЩڰĽͬҲһˣҲΪ걻ѹ˳һڶʬɵ˵
ȥһﾹȻ֪ҸүҸүʱʬӦûʱһޣǼʶͦġ
Ҹʬִڵʱһ۲һս֣־ԪҢֱסԬͳ꣬ڵǷ޶ռϷ磬ϾҲǳĸ֣ҪȻҲᱻ˹µڻš
ǻǵ˸˵洫ΪǲߣĻҲƲķ
˿Ƿ޶֣չʾ˾޵ıиһҫŰ׹ıԬͳƵĲˡ
ɱ˻ִţԬһ֣ͷͷޣǷ޶˹ȥǳŪлᦣĵΧĿ࣬˲ڶߺХһ㡣
ÿһǳ趯лᦵʱ򣬴ӵŵʬϾͻƮ𼸸ɫͷΧǷ޶ߣͷɫĻ棬Ƿ޶ϯȥ
õ֮ǰ̹ʬ޶˿ֲǸɱС
ʦһŪֶγ־ԪҢЩмܲסˡ
޶˺ܿҲų˴УеǷŰ׹Ľһʱϰٵ׹⣬趯յһƬͨԬǼͷ޵㱻ǰ׹ɢȻ޴档
ǴʬҲЩ׹ȥ
ʱ־ٴռϷ磬ѹסһͷ
ϴҸѦСǷ򸾶ȵʱ֣Ƿ޶֣ǣʱϳѦС߲ŻˣֻǼŴǵ߶ѡ
ʵһչֳʵоһѡ
Ƿ򸾶˵ʵҲСҵЩСǡ
ʬִǼͽܣéɽסļʬסˣԼϾʬ׷ĵܣ޷Ԭ
Ŀǰ˵ƻȶֻʬʵѲһֱûиǶ֡
Ȼ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôһǱ˷ɷ˵ĲᣬղڵҲȫװһڵȺǳһϢָԼĹԲһֱǆ¸ͣôʱ䡣
Ȼʬվһע⵽ʱ򣬷˫ֻ棬ƺ΢Ļζţʲôء
һ͵͵ָһ߼ҳƤСӣʦʬǲǱɱģ˾һ㣬ϷҲ۸Щ󱲣һֵʱһϣϷУΣ
˭ôˣбȫʹ㶼ճһúˣǸǰNɪأװʲôͷ㡭ѦСƺЩͷˣеĻľоָʬ
ʬֵ۾ܿתƵѦСߵϣ˵СӿȥҲǷˣ˵˵ɣʲô·Ϸֵ²ɱ֮
үվԣɽҶѦСҲѦСߺק˵
ŶʬƺЩԾæ˵СɽҶѦҩ̵ˣѦҿҽҰѦҵôҲܵˡ


543 ɰɣʦ
ʬôһ䣬ѦС߾ЩƮƮȻˣȻ֪ʬڱŻԸǣеСҶѾ۵ס
ʬڿ϶ˣҪȻǸɱˣ֮ڲҶ֣ΪûеΪȻôǿ⣬ǿа̴ħˣûʮʮİգ㲻óȻ֡
οҺѦС֣ѦСǸľоĹӣһҲǷˣһߣòһżеĻľоæˡ
ˣʬֲŻǼɵ֡
ѦС߸ʬּƤʱһҲ˶ϰӲͨʱĻָôΪ˶ûз֣Ҿǰѣɫٷһ
ҽͭǮҲһֻ־һ߿ʬ֣治ɫװĺӡ
һ̣Ҿ͸оͭǮ΢΢ͭǮѾٴαҼ
쵽ͬʱһָ׸ǽָˣ˼ѪͭǮϣǾΪñͭǮ󷢻ӳһܹϰɱ˲źء
ͭǮˣʬָѦС߳ѦҵʱͻȻ֣һѾͽͭǮħ˹ȥ䲻Ҫ
ͭǮѪķʽһʱâ䣬ٶȶȻӿ࣬ƺ֮䶼Ħ˻𻨳һӾͳʬ˹ȥ
ʬΪûзȻ俴ҵͭǮٴʹһյĽڵֳһĨ֮ɫ
һ٣æ˼һƣͳͭǮץ˹
ʵǸʬֵľ벢ԶҲʮҵľ룬Ȼ䷢ѣӦ÷ӳǣȻһǵ͹˵Ǽܿ죬ʲôطһ˳ȥƳȥ˺üԶȡһʱ䡣
ȻҲûкУղѪķʽ˦ȥͭǮͭǮʩչΪ貵ͭǮɳȥ߰׵ʱȻ䷢ˡһ춯ʱֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮȻͭǮָԷСĽһԵĳʬֵĸҪ˹ȥ
ʬűһ֮£Ҳһнʬָɱȥ
ʦһǵ滹һμѻ
ͭǮɢʱ򣬶һ˽ʬеĻָ̿˼֣һֻҲ˳צΣʱ籡һŨʬͭǮͭǮȥ
ʱ䣬һ𣬺ײͭǮͭǮ֮ϣͭǮжȥ˴룬ȴһͭǮʬֵϴȥ
ȻʬǱҲõİ˷ɷ˵ĲᣬҪȻҲᵲסһС
šۡļ춯ʮöͭǮʬֵϣһϲֵˡ
ҽͭǮ˦ȥͬʱҵĽŲҲƶʬַɱȥ
һŪһкУ˵Ĳᣬ۾Ҫ侮ʯаٳҪ
ʬֱͭǮϣһ˿ڴʱʳںɫŧѪʬֲûе£֮е׺֮ɫʢдС飬ǲأССͣ˸ڣԺɳǻˣϷɱ㲻ɣ
ɱҵ˶ˣϼ
˵ͬ£ҽǬ֮Уһ½ڳ˯еĶʦָ˳νǧգñһʱôãóԺúȵźţǧϻڵǺĸľȫˣҲǸñС˵ʱˡ
ɰɣʦ֣ȫˣǰɱʬ֣СԺĺôɶܹ
˯еĶʦûü۾ֵӱ㻮һߣʬֵķ˹ȥ
ʬֵʱˣ׳ȥľǸʲôֵĸͷƵģֱһɵơ
һΣʬֻûгԣʶ־ȥץͬʱ˫֮ϻһŨʬ
Ǻ׼ͷһ¾ͽʦֱ
ǵʦץסʱǱ͸Ӿˣһ˫ڰ׷۾װɻơ
ʱ϶룬СӸʲôһͷʲô˼ѵͷң
Ȼ֣ͷҲ󰡣ôһġ
˯еĶʦƺʬŨʬŪЩ̫Ȼ۾һ˫ȵĴ۾Ϳʬ֣󡱵Ľ


544 ǵж
ʬֶˣʲôⱲӶûмôɼܵġ
磬ɶǣƴأӹһֻզ¶ؼ⻹һͷֵĲײģǸ
ɵ۵ʬֱŶʦִ۵СۣӶûлع
ʦֻЩãȻأ˯ĺö˶˵ģƽ޹ʵĶ˳ȥΣڻʬڵʬţöʦֺܲշʵʬֵŤŤģʮֻ
ʦ֣ɱҳŶʦִһ
ʱʬֲŻعҶȥĶʦǸֲĴɱҪʦ׷ɳȥ
Ƕʦ˵ܶģ
ҵ֮󣬶ʦһ˲䣬ϾһųɫĻ棬ƻ磬չʾΪһ޵汾³
ʦֲһֻе޻ޣ֡
ֻڻûгԿֻ
ۼʮͣţ棬Ǹޡ
ڶʦϵĻڶʱǻ˳ʬֱֵһֱӣգۼĹʹⲿ
ʬַһЪ˹ĲҽͻȻһɴʦһ˦˳ȥ
ʦȼ棬һһ㣬ڰ֮лһߣ˻ĲݴС
ǻƼӣʦϵĻ棬һȻϵ֮ǻ滹Ҫǿࡣ
ǻһֱӣȼգһգۣܵ˰ϡ
ҺѦС߾ԶԶĿţȴʬճһѻҽȻһ磬޺ۼ
һʬֲţһۣӴɢݺΡ
Сɣ˷ɷ󣬶ʦϵ棬һαһͣҾͲˣղë
ԸΥ͵ҺѦСĻϲĿʬַʱʬͻȻһſڣȼյ򴦵ĻһѪȼŵһ˲Ϩˣһڣһֻ۰ϵĻҲ֮Ϩ
һУǽҺѦС߾°ͣʲô
ʬϵĻϨ֮ҿʬֶݺݵҺѦСһۣĿУѪһſ³һѪ죬Ҷһʬִӿ³ĶȻǰͷ
֮ѪľԪƴΪϵĻ档
ʬֲǶԱֺݣԼһݣǸݽɫһζĿ࿴ô֡
ʬϵĻϨ֮ҺѦС˰֮˵Լͬľͳʬ˹ȥ
ΪģΪҲûɶˣʦֶ˳ȥҲܽɱˣΨӲƴˡ
һ֣ڱ;о˼־ЩɢڸͭǮٴηһ죬ҵС
ҺѦС߷Χʬ֡
Ϊʬֱ裬գƵģøƴȻȴûУǵͷ෴ķ˹ȥ
򲻹ܣûţ
ҺѦС߼ӿĽŲֱ׷
ʱȴ֣ʬֺ񲢲ܣǳ֮ǰǸεķȥ
ԱߣȻһٵĳһͨѪĳ
Ѫɻ꽣
ǣǼٵġ
¶Ƕ֪ɵñʬֲ֪
һѪɻ꽣ʬħʱͱЩҺѦС߿ǰѪɻ꽣֮Ҳͣ˽ŲҲ֪Ϊɶͣ
ʱҺѦС߻࿴һۣ˴¶һĵ΢Ц
ٺ٣Ǿ;Ŀװȡ
ȻԼҧͷʬֻǺ˵졭öС֮ʶһϷѪɻ꽣ɱΣϵѪɵǵĻǣ׹޼ɡ
żٵѪɻ꽣ʬֺɣ͸һƵģƺеѪ⽣ҺѦСߵͷҪһ㡣
קĶƵӣҺѦС治ˣ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ԼеѪ⽣Ǽٵģǵж
ȻŻƵģһгģ
ѽ˼Һ°СţҪȻܰɡѪɻ꽣ɱѪ˻ǣɷڣδȡͷʵֲ̫ˡѦСһģ֣Ťץסҵĸ첲״
ǷģҶһ١
ΪѦСߣҲ˵ǰֲ̫ˣһԼôĶ֪ǿЩӰɣһǶûˡ


545 ͬھ
ϷˡǻߣûţϷ˵Ѫɻ꽣⡭ܹһ޶֮£ӦøеޱҲǡ
ʬޱȺƺѪɻ꽣ɱһжг㣬һ˵ѪĭӴʳǰճ˽̿ĿֲģԵɭ
ɷޱȵʬ֣Ҳ֪ΪɶҾЦɵ棬һľͷӣƵģΪһ֮ھܽǸˡ
ҺѦС߾վԭز϶װһʮηɫ
ʬ־ԵЩȲˣƺҪ֤һеѪɻ꽣Ȼ䣬еĽһۻɷӭôһ˲䣬ΪѪɻ꽣ġ
һΣҲòԳ־򸾱ʾߵľ⣬ٶ˱棬ƭʬ֣ǽڵɷҵӡ
Ϊ֪иеǰѪɻ꽣ǼٵģԲŻ޹˼ɡ
⽣Ļ֮ڣɷ壬һᱻһĞų彩ֱһ̱Ѫ֮ʱ
ʬ־еǰѪɻ꽣ʱҲˡ
ҾеͭǮһΣӭ泯ʬеѪɻ꽣˳
ҶͬʱѦСҲ˽ŲǸľоĹӣʬֵؿȥ
ʬֵʱ϶룬һɱ֮Ȼһһ֮ڣҺѦСߵ
ܷʵĺܲпᡣ
п˲ֱӡ
ʬеѪɻ꽣ҵͭǮײһʱ򣬷ˡһ죬Ȼ۾͵ɴˣӶ˳۵ţһľС
ΪԺѪɻ꽣ҵͭǮײһʱֱӱҵͭǮˡ
ˡĶˡ
ֻһ¾ͶˣϵĺܳףмͶϳء
ʬп϶һֻһ٣ٶıǿӡ
ӵѪ
ǰ˷ɷճģһúƵģˣЩͽҲ˴롣
˵ħڵװһѣֱҸʶˣûɡ
ȻʬͨƤʱ䣬ֱָҸʶˣһֲϱʮöͭǮ˺öۡ
ӱߵǣҽʦ׸ȥӡ
ʦһ쭣ϻڣǿɱҪʮ㣬ߵʬ־ͲֱһΡ
òóһΪ޵еѪɻ꽣ôǼٵġ
ݺὭʮ꣬˰˸ǣϾɽĵʿ˱ᡣ
˽쳹ǱǿӲˡ
Ҳ̶á
ؼһʮĸ֣ҺѦСëͷСӿӳģô̵ȥ
̣¶̣ңƴҲýӺҵ˸ɱˣȥ̫ˡ
ӱߵǣʬֵļƻûеóѣۿԼİıһնϣһʱɵۣסˣ˿ûзѦСߵǸľоĹӳ˹
ѦСһӴĿǹݵģҧгݣ̵ľʹ˳
顱һһӾͺݺݵʬֵؿڣʬִ۵Ĳʺ;˳ȥڰ֮оͿһѪ˵ϡ
ſڵϵʬֻﻹǰѶϳصѪɻ꽣ϵıһƵģһðѪݣһ߲ĵ˵ǡ̫صˡ⽣ȻҲǼٵġҺް
˵˵ţʬ־ȻһһЦһ㣬ҺѦС߶ûȥ
ѵ汻ǸӵɵˣһһЦģҪ
ЦһʬͻȻٴҺѦСһߣ˫һ˲ͱѪ죬˫۾ĶǶ񶾺ͷߺޣ۾ֲ̫ˣҺѦС߲Ĵһս׹һ㣿
Ҫʲô
һ̣ʬͻȻҧгݺݵ飬ʬּƴһҲҪͬھɣ
˵գԭ˴ʬȻվӡ
˲䱻һŨīˮһʬţȻһžĦϴ˹ҵĶУоΪ̶
ٽҺѦСͻȻͿ˲˼һĻʬֵ嶸Ȼ࣬㳤࣬ʬƣɷڡ
촽ͣķһΧĞųͣķҸоһɾ޴вǡ


546 һȵĺ
ˣʬ˶췭ظı仯۾Ѫ죬Ҳ˳ָҲڿٵһֱڲϴһֹĶž;޶˿ֲ
ڿʬͻȻģʱҲȻ侪ѣʬֲ֪ͨʲôаŵطԼһ߽ʬֻѱ״̬û͡
ǸʬңϴŸָĽʬԼӦԵİ취ҶЩȻ
ӣʬͬھˣһɽʬʵҪ۷״̬֮»Ҫ࣬ȻѡѾԼ
Ϊһ˱˽ʬעٻˡ
תɽʬ֮󣬾ʹֻ֮һǣѪΪʳزݵа
˾ǲһ鶼ĳΪɱǣȻһУһ߽ʬҸͬھĽࡣ
ʵ˳ҲܵģҺѦС߲һܹ׷ϡ
֮ҪɽʬʲڶҺѦСһٶ׽Ūһˣ
ҲҪͬھʬֵ̬ȡ
Ǻεȵǣһʮ֮µһȵĺˡ
Ҳһ飬Ϊʲôһ˾͸ܵϾɽһڸ֣ЩϾɽĸֲôΪʬһֲҪƣ׻˵ӲģӲ㶵ģ㶵ľ²ҪģҴʱһͷ࣬Ǻ񿴵ʬһҪĺˣҲЩˡ
ڣʬַʬһ˲䣬ҺѦС߶ŵĿɿڴһûзӦ
Ƭ֮һһʱʶ̬ԡ
Сߣһܵȵʬ䣬ʱطһˣ˰Ҳ᲻ð
˵գͭǮͳʬ˹ȥڱʬֵͬʱһҧֱͭǮԼϺݺݵĻһ£ѪʱӿȫĨͭǮϡ
̨̫ǣӦͣаȣǻãɥ̫꣬Ͼ
һ߿񱼣һΧĞųĴ߶֮¶ʱӿݡ
ͭǮ֮մȾҵѪʱһƬ죬зͭǮϸ֡
һΣޱ֣أƴһҲҪʬʬָɵڵأһʬˣǻĴׯҲᱻʬ֮ʬ¾ĸɸɾ
ϾɽЩҲһܹõסʬ֮ʬ֡
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊʬһһʬ֣ŵ˵ʬⷽı£˵ڶû˸˵һ
ֻܿסֽʬǲƽʬ
Һʬһ
ʬ֪ʲôĽʬΪ£û˱Լɽʬǵжôֲ붼顣
ԣûʬĽʬ֮ǰҺѦС߲лὫ
һʬɹˣһٸһҲһܹ
ɲĶҸүԳС
ұκһζҪĪеĿֻŸǴﵽһǰδеĳ̶ȡ
ҽѪܲͭǮϣԼѪιͭǮŻᱬǿ
һĶҼһǳɣͭǮкҪγѪ׼ʬֵĿѣݺݵһʹ˹ȥ
Ȼ͵ҵͭǮʬֻʮֵʱһֱ˼ָ׵һ¾ץסҵͭǮ
һʬץͭǮðһỤ̋ɢһɶ
ɢŴ֮ͭǮմȾҵĴ֮ѪǿƽʬĴɱ
Ȼû͵Ŀѣͱʬָץסˡ
ͭǮð˿˿ǶǱ֮նʬ
вĺҵͭǮͭǮһ˲âɢ
̫ˣ⽩ʬȻҵͭǮץͨץסһյͨ
Ҿʧ룬֪һεʱѦС߾ǸľоһӾʬֵϡ
Ƕܴ󣬡ۡһѰ˰һӣǿ϶ԽӶ˳
ʬվһǽѦС߸˻ȥ
ѦС߲ģŻľоʬֵȥһ¡¡£ÿһζʹ˺ôһαһγء
ȻʬվһƣϵĹڷǵ죬ڽѱ䡣


547 ȥΣգ
ץҵĽţͭǮļʹ࣬ʱ䣬һܲҾԲҸᣬһֻæ˼£һڳ֮¾ʩչ˳ݺݵĳѱʬֵؿ˹ȥ
һĳȥͺһʯͷϣҵַ飬۵졣
Ȼڷѱʬһʮɹһķ˳ȥ
ƲͬڱƷéɽ֮ѧһĳȥԽҵŴʮֹʬҲԵֵ
ѱʬһֱڲϵһƲûнķɳȥԶֻ׵ľ룬˵ϣҳһӡ
ͭǮҲܿɿˡ
һĳȥ֮Ҳ˲ϴľʹֽȥһ˳ǾǷʬߣ
ʬ߿Կһа֮ֻҪʮǿаһ㶼û⣬ͱϴǺĸɣƷʬ߶ǵĿʮֱ
Ҫ̫ǿˣϵɷ֮˷ʬ̺߱ԲòµϾӣ¾ŵףŽǺĸɱ
ҪΪǼֱڵ죬Ǳ֮ΪµһиֵĸүҲһܹɵĹǺĸɡ
ΪĸɱϾɽмعĹ֪˶꣬ǵоֵܵ
Ҿʬּ׺ҲܴﵽǺĸɵľ磬ʬӦܹӦˡ
űһķɵʬûվŷʬǼͷһ˹ȥ
첻ܵи
ʬһϳ㻹š
ʬһóĩ˵Сٵ˸Ҳ֮ͻȻסˣֻ˵һ⣬ǾʬҪѱɵĽʬʮֲֿΪֻ֮£ʬĩ˵Сźֹͣ˸һƬ졣
ǷʬߵһԤ
ȻҸ˲ô࣬ȸһ˵
ڵϻδʬ֣Ѿע⵽ߵĶͻȻ̧һֻ֣һĺɫʬһźɫӣ֮أԹݣ˵ߣʬ־ͽǿźɫӳ˹
ǺɫŨʬɣֲһײҵϣҵƻᶳһӣҲҪ֮⣬ʬˣȫãһʬˮԿֲ
һ׹һʬӣŵһһ飬ײæһͶ㵽һߣɺɫʬӲӾͷ˹ȥʱһ棬һļƤ
ͣ˼ǿ㿪ǿӣͷʱ򣬵ǿԶһСϣһӾͱѿǿС˲䱻ŨĺϵĲƣգۼĹͿήȥɰͰ͵ҶһأǿС͵һ¶ѿˤһطĩ
ҸղŶ㿪ˣҪȻҪǿһģˡ
Ҹոն㿪һɱѦС߾ĻľоͳѾʬֳ˹ȥһɱѦС߷Ҳͦµģһ˵ҽ
˲䣬Ҿ;ô²æС߸硭ȥΣգ
ǵҺ仰ʱ򣬺ѾˣѦСѾʬֵߣ˻ľоҪҡ
ûʬֵһֻҲһʬһһӾѦСߵؿڡ
һҽл˲񷣬ҵĽͳ
ʱתԴһĿѦС߱ǺɫʬУȻӾ͵˳ȥ
̺ʬһ䵽ѦСϵʱ򣬶ʱѦСһ˲ͱһŨĺʹŤ
ҹ˲ʬֱ֣ѦСߵ׷˹ȥ
ѦСߵɳײŵ˵ϣ̾͵ߣһ־ͳȥʱѦСϵĺɫʬʱ˹
һʬʱоǧֻڿҧҵһ㣬ŵĶʱ˻
ѦСʹŤɫʬٵӣǵĲһ鴤
ҲƬ̵ͣЪֱӽʬһϣǷʬһѦСߵϣʱһĪӷʬɢ˳ѦСϵʬʼٵı˷ʬ֮С
ѦСϵʬٵıʬɣһҧֱѦСߵ죬ʬ˽ȥְ취ʬķ


548 ɷ
ŴʬʬɣѦС߲ϲֹͣЩҲԽԽ٣ڿʬߵʱ򣬷ǷʬѾɴڵɫ˻ɫɼһźɫʬ۳ɵжôɱ
ȻѦСϵĺɫʬȫʬɸɾʱѦСߵȻֹͣ˲ȴһͷֱӻ˹ȥ
һҲ֪ѦС߾ˡ
ڴʱһŭɽҰһ飬̧ͷʱʮ׿ĵطʬ֮ʬѾվ
ɹˡ
׵ѱ䡣
Ѿһ߽ʬˣһƬ
Ȼϸȥʱ򣬷ʬѱ֮Ľʬǲ򵥣ҪϴҼǸʬҵĺ˵Ļϵǰ
С׶࣬죬˴⣬һŶʮôϺͽ϶˷ָףһָҲʮףɫģź⣬һƬڵľúһ㡣
Ǵ˵еĺɷʬеļƷȲǺĸɣȴҲʮĽɫʬͨȼķʽԼһ֮Ҳûʬˣеֻһ߿ֲĺɷ
ʬеս
ʬһ˺ɷ֮󣬺ͷһ죬ͬĸһ㡣
ҪµĽô
ѱ֮һվΧĞųһӿĵݣﶼ͸һ֮
ʱͻȻ˷磬Ҷ죬֮ϣĺϣ׺¡¡졣
󣬱ħ֡
ʬֻĺɷԵħĽɫ
ôΪҪǵԼŪ˲˹ģ
Լڰɡ
ԸҸˣԸ˸ҡ
ɷһѪɺӡ
ѦСϵʬѾʬմһĽʬߴ˳С
ȻҾվʬĶš
ƺܵ쳣һƴĳ־ԬҲͣеĶ㶿Ǿߺɷ
ΪɷһɢĞųֲ̫ˣǾֲĺɷվԭһҲҶ
ʦһ˳Ԭģɻ΢΢һĲ˼顣
ȻǺɷһ˫ѪֻĶңǺĺҵϣιǵĸֵҵѪ
ɷһεķ죬һŨʬͻȻһֱֻۣңңָ˹һּɳƵ˵㡭
˵⼸ֵʱҵĽһ
ʲôʬûʶʬʬֱ˺ɷ֮󣬾ȻϵңǵжôԹ
ҽŷʬߣվһҶȫ亹ķʬ߱յĿ졣
ˣɷʮָߵȼĽʬһĽʬᱣһ˿ʶԣϵҡ
ʶᱣʱ̫ãɱ֮󣬾ͻɢɡ
ΪڵʬֲϵĺɷɷҪ֮ͨҪºĥѲóɣʬֻͨŵһеطԼѸٵ˺ɷʵ֮仹һĲġ
ˣʬֻĺɷҲһŰҡ
ô򵥣֮ʵʵ̫ˡ
Ҷʱһֲ԰ĸо
ԼСϣվǰһˣֻ趯ָҾܱ飬
ҾԲ־ܣ¾Ϊⲻҵķ
жʲôʱҪ
һֻŷʬߣһֻĵǬ֮Уéɽٴ˳
֮һεķתһɰʱɢ澭еéɽͻȻ˼죬˰ɽ֮ر
嶣塭嶣塭
éɽ춯ǺɷĺͻȻֱͦͦĵʬ壬ȻʬͳǺɷ˹ȥ
ǺɷȴûжΪη塣
ʬ֮ʬںɷϿҧʱ򣬺ɷһ
Ƭ֮һֻ֣һקסһʬֻһǾʬӾͱקһѪܵͷͿҧ
һ㣬ǿͷͽĶӣȻһʬҲ˹ҵ棬ֱӽһֻʬţʬж˿飬һأʱһֱڳҺǺǵЦַͨʽĥҡ


549 ͻԻ
Ǹ·ڸңڵһҾҪʬһж˿飬̻ҵ³ңַͨʽҲ־塣
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Ȼȴֻ
˵־Ǽٵģÿʱ򣬶о־壬ǿ־ʲôأ
ʹ飬ͷģʬֻĺɴѵܷŹң
䱰ϥһ
ȻӲǾñĸһЩɡ
ԺɴʱȻ඼ɤۣҵȴûһ˿Ŀ־壬ô򶨵ֱǺɷѪĿ⡣
Ǻɷһߴھ׽һԴһ߿ңƺұֳ򶨣ܲ⣬һεķһ죬ͻȻǰѪԴһΣһ־ͳҵĲץ˹
վԭһи߾ŷʬߣоеתһѵ״̬΢΢۾ҪӰ
ҷһжͽͣǺɷٶ̫ˣһӰһ
͵ΪϾҪǺɷеʱͻȻ䣬һշʵӰһԵĲݴɴ˳ȻϸߣͳǺɷײ˹ȥ
ǵ˶ӰҲܿ죬ľһ⣬һ֮£͸ɷײһ
Ƕʦ֣õļƾԼСӣڲݴ֮ǱצͻԻ𣬱ѡ
ʱԸħʱ㣬˳䲻⡣
ʼʩֿʼ͵Ϯ˺ɷ
Сշ޺ȴǷڹؼʱܹϴó
ʦȻײ˺ɷϣССֱӽǺɷһȻȻϱһŻ⣬ʱͱһϵĻѸӵ˺ɷϣ䡱һͽǺɷȼˡ
·ʷݣʦ͵Ϯɹˡ
ڴʱʲôû룬еķʬߣͳǱȼĺɷ˹ȥŻ׵ʱҾͱǺɷȼյܻͣˣʦϵĻ̫ͣһοǷһУ֮ͣûпǺɷӣҵͷüͷͱˣȲ֮£ֻͣ£һ˵ұʦϵĻˡ
޷Ҳʬ߳źɷķ˹ȥ
ڴʱԭѾֵͣԬͳˣһɷʦָ͵Ϯˣʱλζɱ˹
ҪŻҵʱ̣Ҹɱ
һԵĳ־Ҳվ˲Ͷסǵȥ·ٴɱ
ǰѶںɷϵķʬߣʱǺɷ˳ȥܵĻ֮ϣһŨҵỊ̇ɢŨŨʬζ
ɷһ˻Ҳ֪ʲôϵĻͻȻϨðỤ̋ٴαһ飬˫ץס˶ʦ֣ʱĶʦϵĻҲͻȻ޵ҧгݣŭգƴ˺˶ʦ֣ʦʹķ˲Һʹġ
ҿ첽˹ȥһѳ˵ϵķʬߣٸǺɷһӣոռͿǺɷ˺ʦ֣Ȼʦһ·Žſھҧ
ˣҪʦ̵Ľࡣ
ʦǺ֣ޣԳ֮ƤǺɷһҧ£ȴҲܽʦֻǶʦԵüΪʹ࣬С
κβ˶ʦ֣ǺɷֱӽʦƵ׷˳ȥһ¾ͶԶӰ
ڴʱѾٴαǺɷߣһӾͳǺɷ˹ȥ
ǺɷƺоӰζŷʬߵ֣һץסҵĸ첲¼ָ׾ʹ̽ҵ۵Ҳһƺߡ
ʬ֮ʬٶȿľˣֲʵȻܹʦϵֶΣħҪֲࡣ
һѱǺɷץУѲá
ǷָĴ̽ҵҵĹͷûܹҴʱʹࡣ
Ǻɷһѽ˵˵ϣ޴ӽѹ棬˶ªͷ­ҵϷ֮һȳ޷ݵζӭѬΣǷ˾޴󣬾ôһ˵ѡ
ѹ֮󣬺ٴηˡ죬ȳճҺҵϣ̵̹ģš
ճҺżǿĸʴԣһ䵽ҵϣǱһоƤⱻˣֻҧܡ
һ̣ſѪ죬͵һ¾ͳҵԴҧһȥҵͷҧˡ


550 ɫ
ǿ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹֻн˫еķ˵ϣȻץסǺɷĲӣĴҿɲһͷ
ƴȫеתĶҪըˣҲֹǺɷԴһһĿȳճҺϵĵʴϵƤ⣬ҵĲӺ϶ѾõĲӡ
ȻʱؿڴͻȻâһһɺɫɷԾȻ۳һΣһСŮһֱ֮еСȡ
֮һƮɵǺɷĺϣ۵С֣ҲıסǺɷĲӣźһǺɷĲӣһ޺ˡſСŸ硭ſء
ȻȽһСô⼫ƷʬɷĶ֣ԵǰͲһĿĪһжͬʱҲʹһ¡
Ƭָ̣ǺɷֺͻȻֹס˿߻ۣɫȴȻٵ˼Ȼŵһָʱ䣬Ҿõ΢΢һ£ҵѿڣ߰ɫĹǼð˳źɷ˹ȥ
Ǻɷ͵ĿǼܣƺЩвѾԴϹγѪ۵ݣͻȻ˻ȥ̧ͷһߵĹǼܣĳһƣһǼܶʱɢˡ
ǺɷȥǹǼܵʱڻһԼһҪ򶨣취Ծȡ
յ֮£ҵͻȻһʱðһ⣬Ƭûе飬һھҧ⣬Ѫʱ˳˿̻ʹǱ˺ѿһұҪоʼ䣬ɷػ
»޳ۣͨǧа棻ڣԪͨ˼Һų桭
һ߻ͷѪһſھȻüӣܿͱǺɷˣתǺɷٴθ˶ԴҵԴ
ֻܼ˫֣סĲӣѪҧң̫ˣһͷţҪҺò׻һЩ֮Ѫ̲סҪ
ûκôû꣬ͷѪҲûл֮꣬ѪԺɷ첻̫ɱ
ҼıǿѪû˳ǲͣĻ˳
ſںɷϵȼüӲãʹģͻȻٴαһССֿٵȻҿ˫֮Ĺ⸡һСڵȻȽһӡһ¿ڿǺɷϡ
Ҳ֪õʲôһкһãǺɷ͵һ𣬷һŭһεɿңֳצĳŵһ¾˺ɷС
Ȼ󣬺ɷкɫʬԽԽŨȾҵţ˶Ǳһ͸һͨĺһʹ
ǿ˺ѷΣҾģȻȴΪ۵ڵѪ
һ
Ůȶˣ㻹ʲô
ҵ£ȵӰǺɷԽԽоʱҪɢĿҲԽԽ΢
ҿŴʱȣΪΨһľǼĬھͷ򢻭ѪֻҵĶˣܽȾ
ȵӰľֻʣһӰʱȻ䣬䶸һͳǺɷĺ󱳴˹
ǵһɢźâķ͵һ¾˺ɷĺ֮ϣɷһ˼ҪȻɢ»ѹңûϵ͵Ϯǵɫķͽʵʵĺ֮ϣâ磬ȻǺɷϴһѪ
һǶԺɷش۵ٴηһҵ˻һɾͽȸſˡ
ȻһŵĺĶˣؿڵ֮УǱһꡣ
ڴʱҵѪҲˣĬһſ죬ͳǺɷһɢŽѪѪǻɽһȫǺɷϣǺɷˣֱһ̺۵֮ѪҲסˣԵ˹ȥ
ð˴Ị̇ʬй
Դһзת
һᣬѵĴӵһ˵ϵķʬߣóһֱӳǺɷ˹ȥʬߺݺݵĴǺɷϡ


551 һһν֮
Ǻɷһ֮Ѫ˸ţʹ಻ѣϵʬйֱеķʬߺݺݵһӣǷʬһǺɷϣʱ˾޴źɷڵʬ;ɷڿʧ
ղŵһ֮Ѫ̺ΪѪ䣬ҵѪŴүĻа
үүԸ˵һеţΪԵʣ̫أһѹڵĴ֮νʢ˥ʢ˥ＫطþѹƵĻױԼ
š֣ڵΪһϾûˣԲȡҵĴ֮
һһν֮˵
Ȼ֮ңʺвеаﶼԵģҵĴ֮ʹ֮ѪǿһаĲ
Щ飬֮󣬲Լ򵽵ģԣѧãɷϡ
ƴΪһ̡
Ȼûа׷ɷջҵС
÷ʬǺɷ֮󣬸оʬǺɷϵʬĽЩֱǺɷٶȻɷϵʬɵĸһЩ
ҪҸ
ȻɷϾһĽʬǱʬ߸סˣһʱҲ޷ϵʬɴɾţ
ĻצӣǷצϵʱ򣬶ʱƤоϵĹͷ˼۵һڷ
һΣǺɷһγ˹һΣվûпסֱӱĵķ˳ȥ˵ϣȴҲû
ҸоԼͿҪˣϵĹͷ֪˶ٸϺͲϵⶼڿٵĸãղŶ֮ѪҵĵﶼեˣȣһƺЩݽˣûԴԴϵٴγŵлۡ
ⱲӶûôǱʱҲû
죬ʶģôһͷֱӻȥ
ڻ˯Ҳ֪һ˯ǲǻܹѹһкܶǣңǣұǻɷʬֻ֣ҪڶҾĿҪۿΪһ߱ʬ֮󣬲ĵȥ
ɷֻҪţǾͺ
ڻãںɷҵʱҽǷʬ˿̻ڲϵʬ
ǺɷȻһֱڷķȴԽԽСˡ
ſڵϣѪģ۾ų־Ǳ߿һֿۣһԬͳꡣ
ڵӣǶˣһȻʬ֣ĳԬͳ껹ö˶˵Ļš
ѾûȥԸˡ
һʼļƻˡ
ƺǸоʬֵѾԬͳĿһԽԽСʬֿ֣һѪģң˼֮ӳһʬٵ֮С
ܿ죬˵Ӱʧˡ
ʬжƿ˳־򸾣Ҳûȥ׷ˣǳ˹
ǲȥ׷ԭǲҺѦСߣȫſ˵ϣѾûκηˣһ˶ɱǡ
ûֻҰҲܰǸ߳ˡ
ԣֻȹҺѦСߵ
ǿ첽־ԪҢѦСߵķȥ
СֵܡоΡ־еʵһѪۣɫΪţȴֲ֪֡
һһƤһ۳־ȴһֶ˵Ѿû˵
ܿ죬ԪҢһѦСߵ֮Ҳüͷ˹üһۣȻŵ־硭Сֵ̫ܵã˹ȥҲ֪˵ʲôطϢҲ΢
־̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ
ͻȻ˵СֵܣӦ˵ȵһҹȥʬ͸ûУȻǻؼҡ
˵ţԪҢһѰ׹⻷Ƶıʬֵķ˹ȥ
ҵҲĽŲƶ
ôһʱ䣬Ǻɷû˶һﻹŷʬߡ
־СΧǺɷʬתȦȻžеıǺɷʬ˼ȫҪһȥֱӽǺɷԴ
ʱ򣬳־ŽǷʬߴǺɷ˳ʬϲ£ʱ򣬹ͻȻˣǺɷԴϣһð˳


552 
Ȼ˿̵˵ĺأĺأſڵһһһ¶ܡ
Ҵʱҵʶһֽӽı״̬ȫƾһǿ־֧ԼôĻȥΪҪȷʬ˲У֮ǰ˵Һ֮һ
Ժ֮䣬ҳʬֻļƷʬɷɨһ۵ʱ򣬴ǺɷԴ֮ϣͻȻһٵĳԶƮȥ
ҸôԶ쳣־ôûп
źʱ͵һ£ֻһѽãҢãң
˵ͬʱҿ־һŻֽŴӹɷƮĺƮȥ
ŻֽһƮɵ˰֮Уʱɢźǰ棬סȥ·źǻһ㣬ǰ޷ͨæת˷򣬳һطƮ˹ȥ
һգ۵ĹŻֽΧһԲȦɫķ֣⻪˸ֱӽźм䣬Ǻͻ޷ͻơ
ڳ־ԸźʱһֱվտҵԪҢҲɫ־кæ˼ų־Ǳ߶ȥ
ԪҢߵ־ߣȻ䣬ΧźתĻֽͻȻˡ顱һ죬Ȼһȫȼڰ֮йʱΧյһƬͨ
ź֪ʲôֶΣһӽ־ŻֽһȼˣȻӳ־ͷԹɽȥ
ڴʱԪҢͻȻһ˵ħͷߣ
˵գԪҢȻһɫķ˫ָ֮һΣɫһǶ߽ŵ죬ХžͳǺ˹ȥ
Ǻƺ֪ɫƮɵĸѸһЩȴվûɫٶȿ졣
ڿһĻʱҵٴͻͻղԪҢһħͷߡȻǺǴӺɷƮģǾ˵ԪҢеǸħͷȻʬˡ
޷ʬֵжֶΣһߺɷ֮󣬱ҵķʬ߽ʬȫɸɾˣȻܱһ˿꣬Ҫ뿪
ҲòиеĶá
ۿɫգۼ׷ź˲Ǻ
ԪҢ˫ֿٵ־ʼɫķ۷ȴԪҢ־˫һֱ΢΢һǺ죬Ȼ˲ѹ֮£ɫźԪҢ۷˹ٶȺ
ԭҪȥңڿһĻֽ֮۾һ˲˲ĿűɫƵĺɫ
žһһűɫƵĺƺɫϵķĲ˸űȼļ󣬲ԪҢһֱڼѵĿš
ܽˣʮ׵ľ룬ɫƵĺͻȻһΣ۳һΣκСҲֻаƴ󣬳ĸʬһ޶
ɺʬŭɶ˵ϷѾˣ𣬾ֻһʶӲдҲŹ𣿡
ħͷǰˣ֪ж޹˵ǿ϶ߵģһƲл꣬ԺԵǻɹޣΪһ𣿡ԪҢһ߲ϵĿ־һ߳˵
׻˵ĺãһߣñ̫ˣѾˣɹޣҲǰ֮飬ȺθɣʬֵһƲлֱ
ϻ˵ǲģɢԪҢʬֵһƲл곯
ʬֵĲл֪Լ޽ŭֻһƲл꣬˲ʲôһһֱɫķǷˡ䡱һ죬ҵȼ
ʬֵĲлԽѣ̳һԿٵƮ˹ȥԪҢƺһܿɫķһεĳʬֵĲлȥһɫֱӽʬֵĲл廨󣬵ܲˡ
ɫķٵһԵĳ־һƵı״ĶͷһȭͷСǱ߸߾Ǳ֮Ͻ⸡ƺҲһֱӽʬֵĲлս˱֮С
ҺްʬַһʶźջǱս˱֮ڣ޺ۼ


553 ĳԻ
ˣʬǳ׵ĲˣʣµһƲл꣬Ҳ־򸾸˱֮УȻҲ־ŵĵǸʲô
Ҳ֧ŲסƣһԴһۣͻȻһһͷֱӾͻ˹ȥ
ú˯һˣҺۺۡ
һ˯ĺܳҲ˺ֵֹܶΣкܶ࿳ԴҵߣȻкܶͷʬ׷ңȻҵǰվһߺۺɷɭȻЦ¶һȻץҿҵ֣˵СŸ㲻Ҫߣ㲻Ҫߡ
ξ飬ɢңһֱһָ߶Ƚŵ״̬
ξǺ۾ĺɷһҵϣȻſڳҧ˹ҵͷǹϣۡ
Ȼֱӱجθˡ
۾֮ǰһжЩģһ亹
صĴϢһţȫ¾ʹޱȣá
˺һģ߲ԱͷһƬɫ컨壬Һһ
ʱҲȻѣҾǱʬ֮Եģʱ־򸾻ö˶˵ģڿ϶Ǳ־ŪǼҡ
֮Żһ壬һ۵ҵһۡ
˵ĲᣬϸһҲǣʬ֮ʬֱһ߼ƷʬɷҺǱһٱܹһǲס
ҵͷԼϿһۣԼϹһһɴϻма壬һŨŨĲҩζɢ˳
˿̵Լһľ
ֳһۣӱ֮ǰҺѦСڳ־סǼ䷿ӣ϶ûˣһȥǱǷŪġ
ҵڲԶһŴϵʱͷһû뵽ǣѦСȴҲ˯š
ԴеۣһʱЩӦѦСô˵أ
ϸһ£ͷһۣˡѦСǱʬ֮ʬһŨŨʬӡ
ʬܹһɷ֮ѦС߰һ֮Żȥġ
Ҫ÷ʬ߼ʱɵϵʬѦС߿ܵˡ
ǲһЩʬ֮Уصˣĳ˵ѦС˵ҪأΣ
һ뵽Щϰ¡
֪Ǻõʱ򣬽ŵķͻȻĴˣˡ֨һ죬һССԴŷ˹ɫЩ԰ףԵЩ̬ˣϻһ˿Ц⣬һʹŷ˽
һСС֣ǳ־򸾵ĶӣǴԬоȻġ
Сʱʬֶֽţ˶ѦСҽιϵĿǰ˵ûкôܵǷˣ
СģЩͷԵģƺûзѾȴŵĳҵĴ˹ȿһЩʱҲŷֵһֵܴ㳦֪ˣʲôϷ
ɫܲ԰ףߵҴߵʱ򻹾ҵĿ£ӾͶʼСİǸȳ
Ŭתһӣ۵죬ƶʱ򣬷ֵĶһţŶʦ֣һţ˳֮С
һĻҲ΢ЦԭСǹҶʦġ
ҿʦֵʱҲһůηܲʬ֣ûΣĶǸж
ʱĶʦƺҲۣ׵Եļ˺ۣѪ͸˳
ڶζʦֻʬ֮ʬֵʱǼһ﷢˷裬ʦһ˺Ȼ󻹷ҧ۵ĶʦֲҽвֹǺɷŶô񱩵֪վûнʦ˺飬ƤƵĶȥ˺üԶ
˵ʦƤ񣬵ǹ룬ǺɷһҲ˺ۡ
ܹоʦֲǰɵǺĸʬڶʦֵڻûȫɾΪһֱڻ˯ȲѣԼ
ΪңʦҲǲģεľҵ
Ĺ־ͽǻȳƤˣȻ˶ʦֵıǰζ£ȻʦֺǼܲסһĳԻȳƮɢʱҿʦֵĴ΢΢ζ£۾ûſͣŻȳҧ˹ȥӶ˳
ƺöʦֶӣЦţȴûнȳ


554 ƶѾ
ʦֲˣͻȻ۾ʼȥеĻȳƫƫֽȳ̧һЩʦôţڵתշʵŤŤȵ޷ֱӡ
һʦʼûЩŭ﷢˺죬ٴſ֮ϣȻתͷȥٴ֡
ĸˣʦģŻȳյ˶ʦֵıǰʦȴ־˵ɶˣһ˫۾ȫίɫ
ֻæ˵СӡҲˣЩ԰ɡ治ˡ
ʦתͷһ֣һϵģԥһһſڣֱҧסǻȳھ׽
ЦԷǵһĻҲɵЦһЦʱϵ˿ڣסҵվһĿң˵塭ˡ
Һòֹס˿ԣǻһƣʱٴαƿһɫӰ棬һɻζ
ԪҢһӣ߱䵽ֵϣЩõ˵֡ôԼ͵͵ܳˣ˵㵽ô
ֿ˹ʱЩţһ۵ϺԵĶʦ֣㽫Դʹ
ԪҢߵߵʱұһɩӡ
ҵ֮ԪҢһϺܿ측˳һĨϲЩ˵Сֵܣôˡȵȣȥ´
ɷ˵ԪҢһֳ˹ȥһԵֶûй˵ϡˣղ˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼ôˣѵǰͲ
һԼӵĹ⾰ԪҢͳ־˽ƺԵЩȻǷ򸾶˵󣬻һߣͷһ٣һɫĵۣһľʵҩ䣬ɫԵҲЩ
Ƿ򸾶ߵҵߣ־˵Сֵܣˣʵ̫ˡ
ҿһǷ򸾶ˣ¶һ΢Ц˵ͷɩӵˣˡһ˯˶á
˯ҹԭƶӦһ֮û뵽ѵľȻ磬⻹ڳƶ֮⡭ϵϳۣЩԾ˵
ϵĺܣҸʶǿ˵λǡ
ƶϾɽˣܹԵҺˣʵҡǵ˵ʮֿһ񣬵Щܳ
£΢΢Ҫæߵҵߣһַֻҵؿڣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ʿĪҪϵ̫أűá
ˡʧˣƻˡҿ˵
ﻰʿնɱ˰뼸ʮħͷʬ֣һ󹦵£ƶʵ֮û뵽ֽǴħͷģԭһӢĺƶ۽ˣǺˡ˵
Ҷ֪˵ɶˣ˵͵û뵽֮أҲʶҵˡ
ʱ򣬳־ҽܵСֵܣ˻֮ҺҢñ㽫Сֵһ˹ҹǰϾɽ˹ⷽԲ֮ڣ˾ҽƵΪһλ
ƶҽѦҵȣ֮𣬵Щ³ǰŪˣλЦˡƻʮǫ˵
Ȼǫ飬Ҳ˵滰ҽѦҩ̵֮µһܳңСѦСߣٲȻҲһСҽķ緶
һ뵽ѦСߣæʵˣС߸Σʲôʱܹ
ƻһʵѦСߣüͷ΢΢ͷһѦСҽ˺ŨʬѾɢ澭ƶҽǳֻһСʬ˳󲿷ֻڣӦһվܹѣֻ֮쳣壬·Уһ֮ǲڵʬɾѦСҽͱסˡ
˵˲ɵҡͷ̾ϢһεƶѾˡ
˵һٴҳĬвЩѹû뵽ѦСߵ˻سӡ
תһ룬ֲôˣѦС߱һСҽүүһһʵڲУз֮ڵλүӣһЩʬγܽοһµʱ䣬ȫ㹻ˡ


555 ޶֤
Ȼ룬ʵЩĲ£ͨѦСϵˣͻȻ뵽үү˰㣬һƣƶ֮ʱ಻ԣ͵Ѧҵʱ򣬾λ֮ڵүҽΣֻʱסڵƶ֮ڲ֮ᷢȴᱩеһĲ
Ҿ͵ģѦС߸ҼүǲǲǱߡ
ΪѦСеʬͨʬϲʬǼƷʬɷʬʬĵȼԽߣʬԽһĽⶾ취ûκô
ȻѦСദʱ䲻̫һͬüͬһ㣬Ҫʲộֵܵ϶ⲻȥ
ûչ˺
ҳƬ̣Ƕ˱л⣬ǳϿҵ˵ˣզ˵һС߸лл㣬Ҫ˵ѾŲסˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ƶҲֻǾ֮Ͷѣҳݣλ壬ΪյǸһƴʬħͷһƬ٣ƶҲͶأв
˵СˣϵӦްСֵܱһҽߣ֮˵ʬԼͿԽˣʵڲлԻؼҼҽΣС㣬ϵҲǹصģСˣ˽Уǰͺ󱳵ĹͷͶ߰˸Ҳܵ𵴣ɼǣ˸ӹǾͻһʱ䣬ԭһ֮Ż֪ˣҲǸ漣־
Լû뵽Լ˻ôأٴθмĿһˣʾֵĸл
˺֮󣬱˵ȻѾ˹ͱ뾡ĺƵĲҩҩѾ׼ˣȥơ
ԣ˱ȥܿʣҺͳ־ˡ
˯еѦС߳⡣
ղվ֣Ҳ˴˳ȥ
֮˳־ʳһֱʵһ⣺ؽЩӶ𣿡
ʱǷ򸾶˲ɫһ죬ԵЩΡ
ԪҢЩ˼˵СֵܣʱΪ˾֣ＱһЩĺͿ£һ룬ǺĪҿСֵֹǣҪȻǾ˲صĴҪúøлһ
΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ɩӣȥͱˣѾȥˣǾ͵¶ûз
־̾Ϣһ˵ϻ֮ҽСֵ͵˼ȻϾɽˣְһ飬Ǿϵ˵صص飬ʰһ²о֡
һ£־ֵҲֳ֪ôĶ˾˼ʮӣһ£Ҳֻùϵ˳棬ɱʬֵ鶼ǣǿүүص黪˵ϣӦò¶ˣ㲻Ұɣ
üһ־Ǻƣүү˳ǻʲô˵ģүүǺüʡݵĸˣϴһ٣ЩСطصԱȻǲҿģ˵ˣҲûʲô£һΪҲ鷳־ôҲֻΪ˰ȫ
ҡҡͷʾû¶
ʵܿ࣬ò˶ã¶͵ôҼүӶⲻֵðүһٳ
϶ٲ˵ġ
־ָҺܶ飬ʵĸ˵صˣЩɽʬȫǱʬɱЩճɻҵˣǼ˸ɵģ˼ǣЩǷ׽ĺӣȫʬֵͷϣˮõͦã޶֤Щֳ䵱һƴ˵ĴӢۣüһһ¾ʮӣǸ󹦼Ҳ˻Ƿ˵Ļм١
˵⻰ʱǷ򸾶ٴκЩ˼Ҳûзϣ˵ЩӦõģǵʱҲȲѣΣǷģҿ϶ڶ֪֪֪֪ѦС֪й¶κ˵ġ
Ƿ򸾶ŷ
ʬײеļһʵһֱصͷ󻼣ֻʬϼ޻Ϊָߵףüθص˽֣ص鶼ʧأеĸֲʮȫԴԽӡ
˲̳ԣֱǸӣʲô鶼ĳɱ˵ַʮֲпᣬصֶ£ǳ˴ⲣɰǸ˻ˣһͷ󻼡


556 
Щȫصˣת˵صĹţѰҸĸ඼䣬ΪĺӴ඼Ƿ򸾶Ͼɽ羰ģڵɳбһ绰Щӵĸĸ˹
ʧãЩӵĸĸ϶˻ˣһĵ顣
˷ȥع۾Ǹ׷档
⣬ʬ֮ص黹صѰ󵱵йزϣǲ˴侯սʿ͹ɾ˴ΧƤѹһ顣
ǰصǲôɵģ˵Щͨ侯սʿ͸ɾˣΪͦߵصԱҲҿʬֵķΧ֮ڣ˭Ҳ뱻ԴԽ¾Ʋˡ
ʵصصԸҲ֧Ԯ˶ȥΧʬ֣ʬִؽƻܴĹľɱˣ򲻹ƾŶһرϤƣҸ깲ЩҲֻ޹֮ʬ־ͼ˷ˣʵͷ۵Ҫ治֪ǰǲǸɹ·λսĺܰ
ҪʬˣұȷϹʬǾԲ˹
ʬֵʬյĸúƵģҲǲñϣŪ˰Ÿ
죬ɳ˺ü˵ľһεܶҵʬֵϳ
ʬִ
ˣҲܺˡ
֮ܶ˲ٽʬһ侯սʿȥʱ򣬶ʱŵЩʬʬ䣬üһʮ˱Щʬ̻˺ƬЩ侯սʿļаǹһɨ䣬ڽʬϸһЧûУӳȥ׵ǹһЩãը˼߽ʬ΢סһ³档
ص˳棬ƽϢ飬֮ܶеŽʬȫſˡ
ص˱ûЩ侯սʿȥʮ֣ٴһ㣬֮ܶ˺üĽʬһһһһȼߣʮǳǲҡ
еĽʬſ֮ǲʬֵϳ
־˵ʬϳεʱҲסֱ̫ˡ
ɽ֧żڴǹȫʬͣһ㣬֪ö˲ŰƳôʬ͡
Ǽڰʬ͵Ĵ֮⣬һʬõĶ¯вƺõʬʬֱǿЩûƵʬΪԲ
ŴĻѣʬŪġ
Ȼǻɽ﷢˲˵ĺǣһСɽôߣ⻹һЩ׽׼ʬĻˣһᾣ񾭻㱣в˺С
⻹м·Ůˣȫʬֵı¹õģ˵ʱɪɪмŮ˶ʬָĥˡ
ǲ˿ķǲʬֵ˼һԲϣҪȥʬʬͣе˱Ƴ˽ʬ
ʬ飬죬˷ָ
־Ľҵĺ󱳶һɶ񺮣Ҫ̵ʲô̶ȣ˲Ҿ徵СӶŹ
ҲЩңҿϣʬֳʱûнƺõĽʬʱҺѦССֵһᣬһָǡ
ȻһĽʬҲô׵ɱ
ɱ治ףҪˡ
ջǼ˵ϣȫΪ̫Ըˡ
Сܹ𵽴á
нʮʬ֣ձĲҲ̶ã»Ųʺͱߵȥ
־ҽʬϳ֮һȽϹһ飬ǾҵĳԬͳҵûУ
Ȼ־ȴҡҡͷʾһ֪
Ȼʬֱɱĵϣʦ˱뿪룬֪ӵδȥˡ
ʬǵĿɽҲǵʦһʱǰȫġ
ʬһǵĴɽˣҲԤϵ˻ǵ鷳ʬֵϳǾͲٻȥˡ
һΣѾܽӽԬˣͲôһҵϣˣ׷Īĸо
ǵʱĳ棬Ҹ޷ѿأҲûа취顣
һȥ֪ʱʦһֱҵͷ󻼣һʱܱĶʱըһ첻Ѱ
ֻܹȡһѵԶҪңͲǸ°ˣѾǿ


557 
ôȥˣʬֲУЩͽҲɱʣ¼ģԬͳ֮Ҳ־նɱһû
ҲǺ޼ʬ֣Żʹɱ֡
ɱʬ֣Ƿ˵ǰҺѦСȴҲ̶á
Ҽһ̱ӣǰغͺ󱳵Ĺͷ֪˼ѪģѦС˺صʬ֪ʱܹ
һܻܲ
ȻأǶţõĽ
ʵ뻹Щ£Щ˼飬ôһʬ֣ȻУĽѾ޷ı䡣
飬Ҵżɵһֱûи
ȣʱұʬѹϵʱ򣬲һ͹ˣ֪ʲô˦һźɫķһ´ʬֻĺɷĺ֮ϣһѪ
Ƿ˵棬Ҿһ¡
ʱŵ֪źɫķȻԪҢġ
ЩԾŮ˿Ϊȳ־΢һȻشʬ֮ʬ֡
һ£ұȻˡ
ԭźɫķǷ򸾶˵ʦǵģǷ򸾶һһţá
ǵʦɶţ֮ǰѦС߸˵ˣ˵ʮǰ¼ʦǾǴʦͨͷ֮
λ˼ƳÿһǾƷһӾͽܣǳ־ԪҢ
˼ΪһȫڸǷ޶ˣһһڷ
ڷ֮ıԪҢⷽҪȳ־ܶ࣬ǵʦǵźɫʮǿԵǸǱõģÿһźɫ̺˼ҺüѪƶɣ޴һֻôš
ʱΣڵϦԪҢҲͲڲ˽ˣһ˶ܶԣԪҢֻʹĺɫʬֻĺɷҵѹҲǾһ
Ƿһֱûдŷǵʦ˸ɱ֮󣬾ֻŷʱϣһ룬û¶ʱóһ¡
һ¸ˣҲЩⲻȥ
źɫķڸˡ
һ飬Ҳɻ
ʬֻĺɷʬ߸ʬֱ֮־ԴʱǺɷƮһɺһֱȷǸʲô⡣
־˵ʱʬֱǻ˺üΣǿ⣬ȻȲ֮£Լһ߼Ʒʬɷ֮ôҲẠ̊́ΪڽԼɺɷ֮ǰûнԼȫȥǱһʶӡ̨֮Уһɱ֮ȫԶǸͨУɹޣҲͨķʽһİ˵壬¸
Ȼַʽô׵飬ҪѺܳܳһʱɣϾʱʬֱһƲлѾܵˣǲܺΪؼһ㡣
Ǿʬֶڹֽʬ˽κһ˶Ҫͨ˵ʬм֡
ƲлӵˣΪķʱЩˣһк³
ԣֻһʬֵĲлӡУֱޡ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷ꣬üһʬֹı㣬һ뵽ˣòзĲܴԼаһЩл飬һ˿
һ뵽ʬֵĲл꣬Ȼһ飬ĽһһۣҲĳ
Ϊ뵽СȣʱΪ˾ңϧǿٱĺɷƴΪҼѪȡʱ䣬һֱźɷҵԳɹǺɷһ֮Ѫ
ҪȣҲˡ
ȵʱǺɷһץסǿԹѹҪɢһ뵽ȵʱںɷʹ飬Ұ龰ҵľǵһۣȵʱ͸ɢûʲôˣҪԪҢźɫʱһ룬ȵʱ͵ɢˡ
Ȼ˳һƵĶ쿴Ӱ֮С
˵Ӧúأһʮ֮߰ˣпʱɢһ뵽æȿʼͨǵעеʱȴ֮һƬޣоȵĴڡ


558 ں
ʲôΪʲôܲȵһϢأ
ѵ̫صԵʡȱǺɷ˵̫أֱӾͻɢˣ
ҵȻ˺ۣǵڣûܵ˿ˣ϶Ϊ⣬ѵ
һ뵽ҵ亹ɫǾޱ䡣
ƺҵ쳣ԪҢСֵܣﲻô亹ð˳
˵ţóһʼҲͷϵ亹
ҵһ˵ҡ֮ǰһСʬֻɵĺɷ֮֮УһҲоˡ
˵ҾѾ˵ȥˣе糱ˮһӿܿͺۿ
һ˵ԪҢ˵ǸСǲһȥСŮĺܿɰǸ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷȴ˵
ʲôطҸоһ¡־ɫ
ؿš˵̫أֻ۰򶼱ǺɷץˣԲܻ
־ؿڵλһ£㽫˹У۾ϸһ֮󣬲Ÿ˵Сš˵ԵʣоĴڣҸղһ£ܹоһ˿΢ϢģӦûûлɢǰ죬أо̫ԣϵʱӦþܸоһЩ
Ҳ֪־ǲڰοңҲֻĻֻܵȵڸһˡ
̫ڵˣо仰˵ĺãң˵ı
ȵʱǸϾɽ˱һոõĲҩ˹˵ʿҩˣϽȺ˰ɣõĿһЩ
˵ţ˱㽫ҩݵҵߣٴαĸлϵһЦģ޶˾׽
ԪҢ˹׿ʼιҩҩȥ֮󣬻ůģϮЩ۾һůȫʣʼͨҵĽҩһ꣬ҾЩŲסˣԺ˯˹ȥ
һε˯ʮżȵЦԺ֣︡һֵˡ
˯ȥʱ򣬺ʱ֣۾ʱ򣬷ѾһƬ
һյ׳ƣյһƬͨ
ҳѦС˯ĵطһۣڻԵУһֱûļ
ʦֲ֪ʲôʱҵĴϣ˯ҵߣ΢żգһ죬ڻζȳζ
һо࣬Ҳ΢Ļһֽˣ˰ƵĲҩԵʣұгǿ޸Ҫһ˺õĿࡣ
ԭҪ˯죬ȴ˹õ֤
֮ңԴſһȻ֮еȣʱ򣬳־ңأ̫ܸо֮ȵĴڣѾϣӦܹо˰ɣ
ţһε񣬽ʶע뵽֮У˲֮󣬻֮̽һ˿ϢǾȣںĺʱܻɢ޷ҹͨ
Ҹоɪɪʮֿ־塣
̽һ֮ұ㽫ʶ˻
Ҿ۾ʱȴֲ֪ʲôʱ򣬳־ԪҢҵǰ־ﻹǸʬֵĲлӡ
Сֵܣڸоˣ־΢Ц˵á
ҵ˵ͷ˵оˣôˣôˣʵ
־ӣǷ޶˾ҵĶ档
־һɫĿңʵСֵܣǸСǲǶ˵Ҫҿʱ򣬱ֵЩͨСԺлһˣģ
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵ȶȷʵҪ߲ˣҶŮһʬŵͽԬ֮һҸѦСȥһ˻Ȫ·͵һ˰ָʶ
һ˵־ԪҢһ˹ģ֮ŵɫǻΪһСȻȥȪ·ôյĵطȥ͵˰ûʲô
־ݺݵһĭСʵСֵܻȥȪ·
ҵ˵ͷ˵ȥǲһͻزûҸүүӦĻ
һ˵ȻˣҸүүģǿǴʮǰͱ˵Ϊµһľ֣ڣγ˻Ȫ·


559 
ڻȪ·ϵգǲףʱĥѣҪʬֲֿ࣬ʬּܸȪ·ϵȣھô飬ڼʶϣǵĥ֮ϣҶࡣ
еǶʱ䣬ߵ磬õһԼǿʱΪ޵У˭ôңߣӾ͸ɣҲͷ
⽫ʱţҾ̫ĥѣ̫ѪɱˣҲʮһʼĻ֣̿ھȻЩľ
ϵˣһԩҴûдɱһˡ
顣
˵ҲǱߣһʬ׺Ľɫ˱٣ǻȪ·ħĸɣһֱʬ֡
Ϊ˵ĸһһǿһһֲʬֵʱҵǼ͵ģȻĸֱҶһʬʲôµģ
ʲôˣûõģֻͦųܣ
ֻһǰĸɽȥͻ
ԭڵңȻΪǿ󣬵ȴӵһǿġ
ʶˣ;ԽԽḻȻʱ䲻ԼоԼࡣ
һǰʬһƴȴ֪ӲƴҪԸԼǿ౶ƴؼҪӡ
ðɣ⳶Զˣǻع
־ͻȻ˹ȵ飬Һܺ棬ҹãʲôҪҪ˵
ұʵ´磬ɩӣǲʲôҪ飿
־ĬȻĵ˵ͷϹһ˿Ц⣬СŰСѾʬ˳취ָһ˵Ļи죬ҪɢˣǱ˰ķҲס
־һ˵ҵû뵽һû뵽صزֻΪСҢƵ֮һʱ䣬ͻһЩϵĵȫʧҲܹܵģϾŹһЩʶϡ
񣬳־˵Ȼ֮ڻɢҾЩסˣ˼ұЩ˵´磬ܲһ顭
־һ£ɫֵʲôģʲôֱ˵ɣҪڣûˣֻҪҳ־ܹһΪ
ұʾ˸лɫһλˣéɽڵҢˣܴ֮ͨܲȥһéɽһҢˣûа취Сһ
ڵҲֻһ취ˣҢȥһ˻Ȫ·ҲҪӲͷƤһ⡣
û뵽⻰һ˵ڣ־ԪҢͻȻͻĵЦˣЩơ
ԪҢ΢΢һЦ˵СֵܣҺ´ΪСȵ飬ֺαԶҪҺ´а취
ȥ˵˴죬ôȦӣҰ׵һԭλȻа취˵ɶء
£мĪæʵ´磬ɩӣǹа취
־˵ͷе΢Ц˵ҪȣǾͿӡĶˡ
һ㶣˵治ǷӡʬֵĲл𣿡
־΢Ц˵ʬֵĲл꣬ʱҺɩӿǸСһ£зӡʬֵһ£Ϊһžֻ꣬Ҫž֮УСɵָӣøǿ󣬱Ͼʬһӵ꣬ĲֱһƲл꣬СΪ̲ҩΣ
󱯴ϲ֮䣬Щ޷Գ֣Ȼӣһס˳־֣һʱǣϵ˿ڣ۵ԴһΣͻ˹ȥ
Ƿ򸾶˶ʱ󾪣æ½ҷƽ˴ϣԪҢЩֵ˵Сֵܣôɶϵ˺أڻҶ
ҵȷ̫ˣϵˣһʱȴ˷ܵĲУл
ԪҢ˵Сֵܣһ˵ǰͣ㣬Ѿʬָɱˣȹ꣬ҲǷ޶ΨһܹˣȻЩ΢ȴҲǵһ⡣
ǻûʲôҾ˵ķǳҪ


560 ͦĹ
˵˸лĻԵ֣ұûٶ˵֮Ѿ϶ѾҵĺѣҲѡȫǡ
Ȼһֱ°СӵЩڻϾҲǱΣȫ⣬ѾȻˡ
֮ǰᵽǷ޶˶֮£ҲֻǷ򸾶ⷽȨ
νƷеô򵥣ⲻи¯Ӻɶ¶ܰˣֻ֮ܳΪ
ʦȱҪǸΪߣǵ̺ͬʱ붮ûƷڷ֮ϡ
ȻЩķҪʦһЩķţ罫һЩڷ֮ڣȻЩˣϾõķܹףǷ֮оҪ̺⣬ʱƵķҪַͨʹܹ׽
оѦСߵǸľоǻľо֮оͷӡһСĻҲżĵС
ǰѻľоȻҲƳɷǻľозӡҲҪƣܹӡڻľоƳɵĻľУʹ佣һܷӳѷõЧɱ
ȻǷ򸾶˶ڴҲһļ⡣
ʱǷ޶˽ʬֵĲлսʱҪʬֵĲлĥҪټˡ
֪ȶҺҪ֮󣬶ȵĻǽӽޣǽʬֵĲл˻꾫νĻ꾫һŴǿܹ꣬ڵ˵˵ǻָõҩͬʱܹȼ̳һЩʬֵзţҲ˵Ҫȵʶܾܲʬһֵˡ
֮ڿ϶ûɶˡ
˵־ؿȡǸװȵȻߵм䡣
ڵ֮ϣ׼һͼĻƲǻƲ֮ɰͺڹѪ˲ٷģʮ־ЩҲ֪ǷĶѣʲôõģҾͲ֪ˡ
һ׼׵ʱ򣬳־㽫װȵǻƲм䣬һͼĵλá
ԪҢӳ־нӹҧָֿٵĻһģǷ֮һһɫŵ֮бͷ˳֮󣬱䵽ŻƲ֮ϣһʼʱҿǷŽĺŻƲķΧ֮ײƺҪѳȻǻڻƲϵķĶʱֳ˵⣬ǷźĽ֣ʼ޷ѡ
Ƿ򸾶˵ϣѹסţһȻɫͣŸַҲһֱдʡ
ΧĞųһӿĵݣЩĻ̡
ŷŽĺһ˸ķѹƣķԽԽС֮£㻯һϸϸĺȲǸ֮С
ǷŽĺ֮Ƿ޶˲ظһ˷Ѿ죬ɫҲԵЩ԰ס
󣬳־վ𣬽ݸҵСֵܣ¶ѾˣʬֵĲл걻Ƴ˾꣬Ҳ֮ڡ
Щĵʵ´磬ʬֵĲлͣȥ֮󲻻Ҽȸɵɣ
ɷģʬֵĲл걻Ƿ޶Ƴ˾꣬ѾɥʧֻܱСһһĲʳȽ⾫ɸɾˣȱɻָˣҪǿһЩ־һͷϵĺˮ˵
˵ұŸ첲ϴľʹҴӳ־нӹǸֱһӣסб̤ʵࡣ
ǱߣԪҢʰһУҲصҵߣѵСֵܣСžҪһͦḶ́һ£꣬СŻ֮гĵȴɡ
ôʱ䣿ѿڶ
ţʱҲǺȷϾʬֵĲл껯ľԪ˺öҪһʱУʱ䣬Сǲܳġ
ȻЩʧΪܹܹأѾܲˣʦֳǺĸʬôã˯Ҳͬһ
ٴζǱʾл⣬Ƿ޶˿Щƣ˵Ϣˣ˳ȥܿʣһˣǸֻϣܹǾ꣬ҲһСһߵЩʱѾϰˣϰڣͻȻˣǾЩįѩ


561 Һòĺ
װȵǸ˷һڴӣһγӦþͲһ˰ɡ
֪˶ãϮұ˯˹ȥ
Ҫϵ̫һЩֳ˰ƵĲҩر׷
һ˯ذʱѾͣһյҸоָһЩҲܹ򵥵ĻһֽˣҪʣųǿ޸ôصˣʣҹҲһ²ָܻ߰˰ˡ
ҲûҪöνֻѦСϵĲЩ鷳ʬһ֮ڲĻ֮ǡ
ѦСߵ飬ͲĳѦСǱ߿һۣͻȻͿѦСߵƺ΢΢һ£ȻᣬҲҸ׽ˡ
죬˵ѦСһ˻٣ѦС߹зӦˡ
ҳѦСߵĺ˼һʼѦС߲ûжһ֮߰ѦС߲ŷһӺߺߵĶ
ʱСŻȳǶʦˣ˵֡ȥ˵Сˡ
ǸͦµĺӣЩĳŶʦֵķһۣǳҵ˵ͷתȥ
ԼĪӵĹ⾰־ʹһ˳˹бˡ
⼸죬ס˳־ļҺѦСǾľˡ
Ǽ˽ֱ֮ӾͱѦСߵĶȥ
ʼѦСߺһֱüͷȻָѦСߵһЩɫҩ裬һ˴Լʮ֮ѦСǱߴԵ죬ƺ˹
Ǽ˽ѦСΧʵʵҲЩ
һܹġ
ѦС߿˼֮ſ˵˵һ仰ѽһš̫ˡ
ȻѦСߵĵڶ仰СءôûпСءȥˡ
ѦСߵ仰֮ҵٴһůС֮󣬽ž뵽ңһĵġ
СֵܡģСֵܻţˣһأ˵ţ־һߣֳһָ
ŲһӣͷŪһʱſѦСߣѦСڿɫȲ԰ףһŰֽ촽ûѪɫǸоһ߸ƵģĶˡ
ҳѦС֣˵ˡС߸磬á
ѦС߼ˣҲ΢΢һЦ˵ҲáҺòǡĺá
ȥʶˣġ
һһļƤ
ҺѦСĶ԰ףԱߵļ˲ⶼΣˣסɿ˼Դ˻һա
˵ʵҲΣѦС߻ţһţʱӦͬһָоǾǽٺǻˡ
ܹá
ѦС߱־ɸһ֮εҡҡͷ˵СšԺҲϱˣ㿴㶼ˡ
ѦСôһ˵ŷӦʱʬֻĺɷѹڵϵʱ򣬴ӵǿҸʴԵĹӣһҵϣһҵĲϣŪҵˣ⼸һһֱûվӣģȷʵܲҵġ
һ澵ҲգԼԼŻˡ
ͻȻ˵Ļ˵һӢĺȥ˻ܹ˵ҶˣӢ
䶪СʲôҲģѦСߺǼҵ˿϶а취ߣҲаٶֵʣЩʬ㲻أӦܹǡ
СӱˣϱԺ˵㻹ǿԼʲôɡѦСһ䡣
ʱѦС߲ŷӦ˹˵ѽôһûСо꺢Ƶġһʸ
Ҳ޵ˣѦСһ
˲һΣһԵ˲ŸѦС߽һΪʲô
ѦС֮üͷ΢΢ó־æԼַ֮ϣԼԼ
֮ѦС߲ŵʬѾ澭¶Щð찡
С߸磬𣿡ҹе
ȻЩ鷳϶ξˡҳ׳˸ûؼһ¸үСѦСٴ˵


562 
һѦС߽Լ赭дͬҽߵ˲ɵЩԾһˣѦСеʬ޲ߣѦСȴ˵ͺһЩͨ˺ðһ㣬ؼѦС߲Ŷʮ꣬ԵЩȴǿ˵ѦСʿƶιʬѾɢȫ澭ⶼҽκ𣿡
ѦС߿һˣһ֪ҲһҽߣһϾɽĵʿʱ򣬲⹧ˡѦ֮ǰҲйӦ֮ʱһСԼҸ˵һЩķӣܸΣ뻹ҪؼҼҵλүӣǰץҩ֮֮ϵʬᱻ룬ʱˣֻ޷ˡ
ЩԾ죬ƺ˵Щʲôȴû˵
һƵף˻ҩﶼʲôҩǿܹ˼ѦС߲˵㲻öʡ
ѦСô˲ῴҲǴ󷽣ô˵ҲһȥһֵʬǱֱӸ˵ҩʵ򵥣ֻЩҩɣˡѪǮƬĿš֬ǮĲ޸ˮɡ賿»СʱȻټҶ١ݸٰСʱ£ڵʬ롭
ѦСһ˵ôҩ֣û˵޷ǣⰾҩȻҪʱ򣬻賿㣬ǲе̫ˣ
˵ЩʱѦСɥʧеɫӲ԰ˣ˿ѪɫûˣҲͣĴŴ
ͬΪҽߵȴĿɿڴϳ֮⣬һ֮ı飬˺һ˵ʵ԰ⶼһЩѰĲҩһ𣬱ʬЩƶôû뵽أƶһҽȴһĺǺհ
ѦС߿˵˹ˣҲǼѧԨԴЩҽϴģֻѧˣûʲôĵط
ȴҡͷ˵ѧҽҲҪ츳ͳǿûЩѳɴѦСʿ֣ԺȻһҽ治Ѧҩ̳ˣƶǿˡ
˵ţЩˣѦСһ񣬱ѦСߵľ⡣
ѦСĸҳһǰ¾æҪ񣬲Ҫȴܶǽһᣬæ˵ˡʹðǳҡ
˵ˣƶˣѦСʿЪţƶȥ֮ҩҹƣ콫ϵʬ
˵ţ˳ѦСһ֣˵תͷߣһɫҴҵӡ
ѦСװҸʮŷ֣ʣµһֲ
üһƤӣ˺޲ùⱾҲû˭ˡ
֮ʣĸˣһԶŶʦֵ֡
ѦС˴ϣʼѯȥ֮顣
Ҷ죬־ԪҢһһ㽫Ϸ飬ԭԭĸѦС߽һ顣
Ҹʬ֮ʬѪƴʱѦС߲ҲЩݣ۾ЩʪĿҡ
ֽȺͶʦֵһΪѦС߲һ̾мգܹ
Ƿ򸾶ȫʱѦСٴοңЩ˵СšǿˣģŴҺ֮һκã֤͹ˮۣ͸죬ڲͬٸҸƯϱıˡ
ѦСֿԱſŵĶʦ֣۵ʦһξԾӹΰ治ǽӻ㱧һڡ
ҰһۣүģҪܶԱŶʦָһڣ²µ졣
ȻˣһԵȴ˶˶ʦ֣ߵѦСߵߣ˵С壬Ҫ׶ʦ֣Ҹ㱧ˡ
˵ţָ߾Ŷʦ־ʹյѦСߵԴߡ
ѦСһʦǳıӣСԥûȥ죬εĿ˵ܺӣҲôһ˵㻹ţϽѶʦÿ
˵Ŷ˵Ҫ׵ģôأһаӡ
ѦС߿źڽŵĶʦֶˣһôЦһɨա


563 ɫѪ
ѦС֮󣬼ֱǽԴϲ˵ܹԼκϵˣҲ˲١
ֻڵѦСĺܣ˵ô໰ˣ˵˵ţԼ˯˹ȥ
ѦС˯ȥ֮󣬳־Ҳûжţ֪һ֮󣬱뿪˳֡
⼸Ժǳ¶չҺѦСߡ
ͷǰһԳ־ԪҢʱҲûôЦݣܸһֲЦĸо
ͷȻô˵չ˵ҲͦõģҲ˵ʲô
һֱоܶҺѦСЩϾҸѦС߶ˣһڵĻԺ汻ҧ˰졣
˵ıȽأҲôܳԵ¶һ쵽ȥһβҲʮΡ
ڵϵ賿㣬˱㰴ѦС߸ҩӰ˲ҩôԶҶܹŵһŨŨĲҩζƮɢ˷
ѦСԴ糿ѹ֮󣬾һֱûѣһֱڶʱֲ˹
һ֮ѦСߵľ״̬ܲãһλҪ˵˿оϾҪݺΣһҪҪȦʲôġ
˵СʱңҲң˶һںĲҩ߽ѦС߳Ⱥ¡
ʱѦСߺҩûˣ־ţһһĸι˽ȥ
룬һںĲҩ֮ѦС߾͸˵բƵģðһ麹ڴϷһʹİˣϻֳһŨĺ
ҵʱŻˣһȻǲôҩѦС߳ģ
ǹһѦСͻȻſ˴ߣһ³һںɫѪ飬Ѫ֮Ϻڶ𣬲Ұһɶ
³һںɫѪ֮ѦС߶ʱͲˣſڴϺһȻԼӣѦСɫ࣬ȥЩѪɫȻٴεͷ˯
һ˯һһҹڶʱѦС߾´߶ˣ˿ֻ࣬ǿŻе飬Ѿܲˣٹϼ죬ӦûһЩ
ԴѦСߵƺһЩ֮Ͼɽ˾ڳ־ҲˣÿѦСֽҽ⣬ѦСҲûκֻҪʣѦСһģҿ˿ѦСߵðСˣ۶ǳݵɫ
ɼҽҲһҽգѦС߼ҿҽңѧԨѦСССͣҽȻʮָͨѧĶ࣬˾ǳ޲ҪѦСΪʦѦС߿ɲһǰͽܣֻ˵Ǳ˴֣֮̽ǫĲҪҪġ
ѦСߵһĺתȻͿʼоϵƣϵ˱ҽһ飬ϵĹͷҲˣѦС߻ģÿ˴һ飬ȻԳȥ˲ҩˣһЩҩ֮ŪһѺĨҵϣ쬵ġ
û죬ҾܹӴˣѦС߲ϸҲû⣬ǲǳ¶źˣҲΡ
˸֮⣬ѦСҲϵ඾ȫˣֿȥҲǸģһ
ѦСڸ˵ʱգ־ԪҢҲûţæŽѦСߴǸľоĹƳһ⽫ζѦС߼սӸӹҳȸ˴ܵı¡
ԺѦСߵлһţľһǽһҶĽĲС
ﻹţʲôʱܹһѳүһӡıүү꽣ҲܹܣⲢ˵ҵͭǮãֻǾЩ̫СˣһүķԵҲûжơ
ʱһһĹȥҺѦСϵҲ
ʮ֮Ͻ迪ʼĵһܵһƬоһƤƵģʵЩֲϵȫʱҲŸȥվӣʱŷϺͮͮģƤϸ壬͸һɹ󣬲ȥЩ죬ܸоǺع
ѦСָĨһֲҩ֮ϵĺɫҲ˵ˣϸƤ⣬͸죬ЩڲͬǿȥоЩڣƤҲ̫һЩƣֱӽ˺ŷͣϡ
ʮʱϵ˾ͺ˶룬ܱû¶ʱˣȭţǡ
ʱѦСߵǰѻľҲǳ¯ˣǽÿҴ۾޲øѦСΪС


564 
־򸾽ǰƺõĻľǰʱ򣬲ˣѦС߸Ǿ°ͣһѽǻľӳ־˹ֱһŮƵģǻϲѡ
ѻľԼһһ֮ο̵ȫǸ־µĻƣϸʱǸͲǻƣһͬķģдСѽɫģһִⰻȻĸо͸һɲľζɫɲͰһֱһƷ
ֻǺÿҲͰˣ־ǣ˵ǸżеĻСˣͷӡ⻱ľ֮УѽһѽһķѻľѦС߿ԴһֻѦСһУҲֻܱһ˿ƣǱˣ֪θⷨеĽ鹵ͨĻҲֻһѺÿľѣ̫á
Ƿ򸾶˿ѻľҲʮ⣬һֱϲ˵ͣһԹӶ˳۲ĲС
ǻ˵ѽڷӡһֻľ֮ԣľӲݣܹľֲ֮乵ͨԲٿǣ˵УֻҪѦС룬ǷӡڻľеĻͻӦӶܹõĲٿ
˵ڰ׸ɡ
ѦСѾЩԾԾˣȲŻľ߳ţվһƬм䣬ѦСڵʬûȫ׼䲻ܹҪȻͻòأѦСΪ̽㱦Ƕ趯һеĻľЩ֮ɨһ£ʱ䣬ЩĻһ붼Ʈ˰֮УѦСеĻľ·ɣڳ˸ͣԺﻨƮɵĻ꣬ѦС߻һЩڰ֮һΣԪҢǰԪҢһĻŭţޡ
ѦСҲǵģ´棬͸ҸԪҢڣҲ³´Դףڳ־˱ȽĿҲûһ¶
ˣһѦСߵɫʱЩɷˣϢҲĴʬҲ҇NɪˣֻɱǰѻľϱƵģ֡
ڳ־򸾼ִ߰죬ƺ˸߰˰֮ҺѦС߱ȥˡ
ΪǷ˼һ£ʱЩȣ϶Щˣٹһʱ䣬ϾҪˣʵǲٴˡ
ǷһֱҪߵġ
޲ɢ֮ϯҲһֱǼҲߡ
Ϊе鶼ˣҵƺ˴룬ؼϢһ£ƾͻȬָĿģΪ˸ѦСһϺõķѦСҲԸԳ
ؼѦСϻˣһЩ඾ûȫҪЩȥ÷λү취඾ڣǸγĺá
Ƿ򸾶ҲͲǿ㽫ҺѦСͳƬ֡
ǼǶҲ˳ﱧŶʦֵ֣Ĳᡣ
ҪߵʱֱŶʦֲͿ˳Сһʦһ棬˸飬һֱֻãҪǶʦһѪӣʵҲϲܶʦִʱ䶼˯ٴ֡
ȻϲʦϲĲУһҪ߶ʦֵģΪҸ벻ʦҲϴһСߣԴҽӻʱֻһˡ
֮£ҲЩˣǴһСĸоЩھΡ
ֽʦָҵʱ򣬵Ϳһ߿һߴȳ˵ҪŸ·ϳԡ
ֵԴӦҪȻŶʦתͷߡ
ֻЩĸһξ룬˵ȶʦС֮󣬱˸һ
Ҫ׵⽹ۣͬʱҲһ飬ʦ־ǹĻĸأ
Ҳⷽ⣬ѦСߴһ£Ǹҽҽ֪ʶҲӦöһЩɡ
ѦСֻŶʦֿһۣ³֣ġ
ֵҪ㲻ˡ
ҺѦСߴֱ֮߳Ͼɽ羰ߵʱοﲻһֵľ
ȺҺѦС߼ͬʱһ⣬Ǻһ顣
֮ǰʱѦСߵһѴģ˵ߵʱϵüһֱڳ־һ£Ǽм򵥵ķãܹһţҪȻӰ죬ǵֻǴͨģѦСߵǸͻȥ˰ɡ


565 ջ
ˣѦС߻ǸǸСǴһ绰ѯһ⵽СǺһԹ˵ˣ绰ͨҲҲΪʧˡ
Ҳ֪ͨˣڳͻȻֵȱ֪һҲû̫ģǴ˼绰û֮ͨСǶ˼գ㷵ϳǡ
ѦСߺӦ䣬˵ȥɽˮɽûźţĻѻҲСӦ˹ȥ
СǻҪҪǻȥҺѦСлˣϳҲͼٹԼȥҲܿ졣
˵绰֮Ͼɽ羰һȻֱȥ˻վȥﲢΪ𳵣ȥһڳ⣬ֱӴɱϳǡ
ϾЩ鷳ҺѦС϶ڷ¹ʱǿסˣѦС߿϶ܷˣǰѻľϱƵġؼ𳵻Ҫһʱ䣬ѾЩȲĻϼˡ
һ£²װ
ҺѦС̸˼۸񣬾һɫֱϳǡ
Ӻܿʻ˸٣ϳʱʮһңƵ컹ûкڡ
ôһϳﻹЩϰ£ʮֵһ⣬ȴҲ֪үү岻ҽʬָɱ˵飬ڵĿɲСǵص鶼ˣҳ־ҵһεƣ¶϶ҪүӶֻᰤ
ֻ˳Ҫûδӵ绰ţóʱ򣬷ֻûˡ
˵ִͨѶ߻вӰ죬ԽֻܻӰԽԣһֱõֻϿֻʱ䳬ֻܴ绰ţⶼȥһ£ٳҲûˡ
δӵ绰Ҳ
ţ¶үӦòҲǣôҲΪƾʲôң
ʵôҲֻѰһοˣϾ¶֣ǼǼôһ磬үүŲ˵ʵǺҵģҪи̣ҿɾľˡ
һ·޻ѦСڳϵʱͽǰѻľͣĦȥĿǇNɪͱˣȫϻ඾δ飬һҲġ
Ҿһ󲡣ϵƻûȫָڳϱĿ񣬽һ붨״̬ʼǰУԼˡ
һʣԽԽԼЩ̫ˣҪԼǿһЩУʬĸ֣ǶһЩ廨ŵֶΣжʦֺСʬֵи͹˼С
ҪԼǿһЩѧһЩ²С
洫ǱϴϻһЩķţҪû¶оһˡ
ţȵʱ֣͵ϳǣǽѦС͵˺ҶȣԼͻصϳص鸽ķ
ѦС߻ȥǼһˣҶûȥȥ֮ͻزˣǿдλүٰҵеԹγҾһ̡ܴ
ʱԸʬֵʱҺüζ붯лѹԹסˣʱѦС߱ʬִʬ˻ԣʱٽԹͷųһ߻ħզ죿
Ҳ˵ܲʬ֣ˣһҲܿƣ־ԪҢҲñɱˣûҵΪҿ϶߻ħġ
ߣʱҲûʱ߶еǿԹòһֱڸ߶Ƚŵ¸ʬ֮ĺɷѪƴ
ص֮ȥһСҰС̵ܺãҵ˵ʱæĲɿҲ֪ҸǰһˣƺǸүүѧһЩ£̳ҵһЩ
Щ飬ҰҲǴװͿʵһ㲻ʡ
ֻҪҺö˶˵Ļͱʲôá
һ֮ںܸˣԼȻؼңæؼٸóԵġ
ǰһæڵʱ򣬾ʹŶʦֻȥˡ
ǹĺܿģҲͦʵһůůҸС
һֱҶСԴ֮һжˣһ뽭ɼڵҪͣҲͣˣԺ·ҪȥҲ֪δǸʲôӡ
λ֮ҾûٳţҪоһǱϴϼصȡѧһұı¡
һңдǡջ
ǲֽͱʣҲòɰڹѪȫƾϵϷڿָǿķа׽ħر֮񼼡


566 ǧųһ
ⱾҪѧˣԺѦСߺͻǰװȵʱҲקĲҪҪġ
⣬ұڼչȥСϰ࣬Լһ˹ʼջı¡
ǣĺѣΪֽ϶һķǻˣҲ̫á
һʮʱ
һ˾ĵʿڻ֮ǰҪԡ£ٹ죬Ҫ̳죬֮󣬲ſɻ
Ȼջֶξûô鷳ɺѡ
ҪоҪעָϵһ㣬Ȼٵڰ֮һôҲǸͬԾҪסЩӣй죬ʱõʱ򣬲
ãǱϴϼصĺϸַҲʮ־
һʼʱǲֱָģҵΪֻܴڻֽëʿʼ
˼ʮֽԼţɰԼֻĲϾͿʼһһŵĻ
һҪʲô飬ǿ϶ǲĿĲݵġ
ԣ⻭ҲǴﵽһַʳĵز
콫ԼÿҪϼǧŸָķһʼ߰죬һķûһõģΪ޷뵽֮У޷ﵽһַų֮Ĺͷ۲ѡ
ЩΪүӻҴ绰һ¹ʬֵ⣬ǵ绰һֱû˴һΣҲүӴһа˲١
ڼ䣬ʦΣָĻȳˡ
ʦԴɵǺĸʬ֮󣬾ͺٽʳһ϶ǳԳˣڻȳжӡ
оһֱ֮еȣ־򸾽ʬֵĲл˻꾫֮йɣҲ֪ЧˣҺüζʶֻ֮̽оһӴ֮Уȴûи̫ܵϢ
һǱȽǷ򸾶˵ģֻʱ⣬Ҳô֮ҲҪһλָʱ䡣
ںʱֻܹĬĬĵȴ
ԣʱ䣬һֱջıϣһж֮Ժʱ첻ԷԼһ˹
躰ҼΣҵĻӦ֮Ҳûжܡ
һʼʮ죬ûκγЧЩץ
Խǵ޷ͻƵƿԽҪ˿Ļҡ
ʱұһϵоĿھԼƽȻٻ
һֱʮ֮˳ЧڻһǧҵķʱһܹˣܹоǷ֮ȵʵϲѡ
ǰõЩүүҵģӦ֣֪Ҫ뻭һŷжôѣһβð˷ɷʱҾүүɫ
ֻǻ򵥵Ļֽôѣɼɫϼѡ
·Զ⣬֮˵صԶ
Դܹһķ֮Ժͺ࣬һʼǧųһųһһһĹȥһֱһ֮ڷ֮һЩССĳɾͣƽ·֮оһŹõġ
˵һ޴ͻơ
ʱգջıҾӦܹˡ
ڰ׽棬ҹĶûʱˣҸоĲʱҰڼ﾿˶ãѾһˣʱĻ죬תۼҪˡ
ʱѦСߴһ绰һǱߵѦС߸˵ڵ඾һ֮ǰͱλүɾˣѾָǰҪá
˵ʱ̤ʵ˲١
Ȼֹ˼ھ͵ˣʱѧǶż٣úϰҲ˼١
־ǿСؼҹڣĸСһ𳤴ĸ־һ
Ƿ֮ϣѾЩ·ˣԵ˵ҪϳСһµʱҵʹӦ
һϳõĹһҲȱǮ
Լֵһ棬ȻֻϲģǷٵʱһڳ־ûмţҪ˵Һ־ǿԼСҲдûмˡ
Ӻ־ǿǰǸӣզզģûУСԵЩɫ࣬ɫЩ԰ףһ㡣
ʱһ룬Сĸ˵еһŮѵģпܾȥסСùݣµЩ顣


567 ȻŮ
˵ĸ˻¶ʱӷƷܵͷЩƤӸϽ˽Ĺһͬ
ʱǶͯԸǾ߽ĹʬİëʬֻСһ˲֮ͯ£СӲŵʵ飬˵ĳһºڷߵϣһСù֮УŮɶɶٶˣʡǧ֡
ʱǱǰëʬƵȥűľģѰ֣СһµʱľڣǼϴйӶ˳
ֻǺֱǸİëʬˣҲûʵϧ
ڻʱĿ췢һ
ʱҪڵͣ˵һ߰ëʬҲܹʰˡ
ʬһԴǽʬûƢ
ֻϧʱҾһͷ࣬ɶĸȫĹѨ֮С
²ᣬѾԻ˽ǻϲѣֻСȥЩʧ䣬²̫ߵӣȴҲ֪ΪΡ
ϸСʱ򣬻СƺôһǶ˳
СӿȥСùȥˣ鵼µĸףţ϶ӡ
ҪѦС߹һƲǡ
һûǿɾڣͨǼ˵ģҲ˽⼸ֵܵĽӲᣬúϰ࣬ҲӳиҵϵЧ滹ǲģÿ¹ʼǧСա
־ǿСϴͱҵҹ˵һҵ͵ʧҵ֪ʲôأһᵽ¶ǳ
־ǿһЩʡڵһѧҵ֮пܻϳıһݲ£ϾϳҲһʡУСһЩ鷳ϷϴѧұȽԶԼҲҵ֮ǻϳػѧǸҷݶѧרҵֱȽ⣬ʲôʷϵѧϵҲ㲻̫ס
Ҹ֮ûѧһֱϹ죬һȣǱȽϲҵһ
ȻǻϣСܹϳǣʱǼСֿԾһˡ
СЩƣһֱȾƣ̾ģҲ֪ڷʲô
ʱ־ǿֿʼæʲôʵԼ֪ԼæɶҪ˵Ǯǲȱү֮ҳһ׷ӣҰһӣʣ²٣ûɶ⡣
ҲøǽͣӦ˼䣬˹ȥ
ƹѭ˹ζڳļǶȵе࣬ˣСǸŮѵ飬һǵСǸŮѽʫһ֣֪˿϶ĺƯҾһӣܽôһ֡
ȻǼ˵֮£־ᣬСûнĹ£ǹעϸڣһΣС˵ɶҲøһ
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һﶼͦ˵ģСɨǼ˵£ӣпʫĹϵ̫ãҲǳˣҲûжʣֻǼȾơ
ֻһЩȻȤҲ֪˵Щɶˡ
ֺһСһ׾¶֮СӾȻŸƿӿһѱһѵģǸŵĲᡣ
Сֳӷ裬ö˶˵ĺžƣ޸ɶأ
ûмȥ
ʱǲʣСԼȴһʹ飬һ˵Ǹʫˡ
Ϣ׺䶥ĸо˲ԼŰˡ
ȻҾö˶˵ôأ
СȶˣһʣŻش˵ʫ˦ˣڼ֮ǰѧУһһһмҵˣ˵СԾͰˣǰʱȥʫһˣ˵¸һ٣Ȼ˳ȥϵ˻û
һҾЩܲ˵ľ顣
֮ǰСʫһܺúܵŮӣȥСùݵʱǵһΣӦòְݽŮǣҪ˦СôҲҪҸİɣһͷһôźӣôһ¶
һû뵽Ǹ缸иŮƵʫȻŮˡ
˶ŭˣҲǺް취޷룬¶ֲߣһܾܽġ
⼸棬һЩ龭飬Ͼչһ飬СеĿ࣬ᣬҲǹõʱŻ˹Ƕν


568 ȵС
ȻŮԸ⵱˵СҲһԸԹñˣѹҲûʲôá
һС˵ǼҲ˲úȾˣȫΧСһͨοʲôĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦ȵĸ󡲻ңȵŮ˵ǡĻַĸС񿪵˵ãһ˵С͸޵ˡ
СҲʼշŲǸʫСʧǵӣҲǷһ˿ˡ
ʱҸҲһģΪһѾȥˣǵĳЩ鴥ʱ򣬻һѹ
һ±ӣСļ򣬾֪˵Щʲôá
õģС뻹иʫСùݵľҵһȲңҲƽİ飬Ҷ֪ôģڶûи
˭˵ȥ
δۣһοС̸ᡣ
С˲ٰ׾ƣȣסˣν鵶ˮˮֻͨʱƣʱһЩͲôʹˡ
ĸﶼһˣֺγأ
˵ˣʱǱڽĹʱСʫоŮԸСˣΪʱСˡʹʫ
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˭ܱ֤ûп۵ʱأ
ðɣ͵Ϲ˹ˣԺעͺá
ǣղҺС˵һ죬ʫǸǸ壬һмңǸϰ壬Сȥʫʱ򣬻ϰ¸һ١
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¶۵˵ףСȶ֮ϰĵϸٹСҪУˣҷûɶ¶͸СȥһˣнϰѵһСڶ
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ӦһٺЦģû˵Ҫ¶
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СһǼ˶ЩŪ㽫Сͻؼȥ
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Դһ֮Сһʰ˺üڣµĻһûˡ
ոջµǳµʳ;ƣɢһɸܵϢʮš
СͿʼ»ˮûʲôˣһֱŻ
ǶΪСȶˣ¾ƺǽͲˣΪСȻʼѪˣڴڵ£ǳʮˡ
һǱ֪пθѪæ120С͵ҽԺ
ǼҲؼˣžȻһҽԺһ·֮ϣС£һʼµѪ³Ѫ飬ɫѪ飬ʮˡ
ҪֻҲͰˣСȻ˼ƨֱ֣ܳǶȻ˿ӿµʱ˳ſȻ˺ںɫѪҺ
ȥʲô
ǼȫȦˡ
ò׽С͵ҽԺȻȣǼת˰죬һľȹϵϡ
оܲĸ˺ȾƵʱ򣬱ȵĻҪ࣬ûгֹСľҲʱС뻹ҪٺȸҲŻ¾ơ
ߵ˾ĸСӾ͸ܺˡ
СҲڻӡ
ϵǼڲϵ𣬶˵СôƵģҪȻСҲˡ
ԼЩԣСϿܳʲô⣬Ҳ⣬ʮּꡣ
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569 ʲô
ҽĻشǼ˶סˣ۵Сۣŵɫ
ҽѵں˵˵
ĸ˿ɶˣСѪˣҺµĺɫѪ飬һһѪⶼû¶ôܣ
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ҽҡҡͷ˵ҲǺ˽⣬ղżˣٿܳѪĵطһ飬ûзʲô⡭ɣҪǾòĵĻҽԺסԺ۲켸죬һͻѹҲԳԺˡ
˵仰֮ҽʹֳԶˣǼƿԵվ
ȷް֮Сͱתͨ˯ĺܰȣղſѪˡ
Ϊ˲Ǽ˵ģǼ绰˵˶ҼҹҲ˳Сĸĸһ
ʱҹɫҽԺҲﲻС߻Щϰ£ܾЩԡ
˰죬һСǲǱ˶ֽţұʱ򣬹ɳǸСӾݺңҳ֮󣬱лİ취ϷһԹһ˶СƵֶΡ
뵽ֱӽʬߴӻ˳СĽѾӿʼһֱɨȥСаĻʬ߿϶ܹӦ
Ҵӽŵͷͷţɨ飬ʬһӦûУˣ⵽׳أ
СûаĻΪɶģѪĺˡ
һоЩ찡
Ǽ˾СĴߣһҹû˯˭ҪˣСԱһ
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Сӻ֪ʲô飬һϿɰǼڵĹǺ
Ǽĸ˵һϵСӱǻԾ˵ôᣬҪôѪĻͻˡ
Сľ״ȷµӡ
СҽԺסϼ죬סԺ۲һ£ҽô˵ģСִⲻϣ˵Լɶ¶ûУΪɶҪסҽԺ
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СһЩġ
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æһϣһҲˣ˵ط˯С˯һϣžĺܣҾ͸ڿġ
ʱϸ۲СһۣСӵɫЩ԰ףоһ˫۾ﲼ˺Ѫ˿˵ʱ򣬻ŨĿڳζƺҲɢһֵĳζԼҲܹŵһûнԡ
СҿЩ֣ʵСţôʲôϳˣ
ҡҡͷɫСʵ˵˵ʲôֵûУ
СҡҡͷεЦҾһѧѧУܵʲô˰
ûоЩٴʵ
Сϸһ£ЩأϸооǸожڹȥģһһЩûʲôˡӦòʲôɣ
Сôһ˵ϸһСԽԽԾСǺݵģڿһЩҲ֣Щףƿ·ĶһۣĶӹĹĵģһƤԿžͲ
ҿ⵽զˣ
վⲽһ֮ұС˵СһҸ˹ϵһЩ⡣
СһæСţɱŻңܳɶ⣿
Ҳ֪˹ܹЩüĿҵģһ𳤴ֵܣҾԲẦˡɫ
С˵֣أ˵˵ͷӦҲЩˡ
ֻͲһ绰绰Ǹص鳤սģֹİСϵӦö֪һЩ
绰ܿͨսЩĸ˵ϡ磬ôҴ绰ˣһЩܳ
СˣһүүҲ뺵ĸɵ飬սרſңһǴֵ¸ˣؼߵʱ򣬻һлɢǸ鷭ˣŭδ


570 ܲõԤ
ˣֻ̬ܽǸǺһЦ˵硭أĲԣ绰ʱרŸǸģʱûһϳõľƵһǸȵ
ϣľҿɲҺȣŪٸµҩʲôģҺüϴõҩڻûأȥȥ
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Сӱҳӣ¶ĴҲҸʰ̯ӣ˵ɣִʲôˣսһʹҵĻԣЩ޵ݣ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƥ񰡣ǽһٺһЦ˵磬ҵ֪ҪŮˣ͸㵱ˣϧǸүǰ˵һ鷳
˵˵ɡҽص飬ʵزΪϴε飬˵˵СӶӺϻˣֵܺȵƣ죬ʲôɻأսɺܲͷĿˡ
ԡȵȣղ˵ʲôҴӺϻˣô֪ģ
ѵɱʬֵѾ֪ˣ
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ղ˵һ˶ûģҲʵ飬ҲпԵģһصңҾһֱоջı£˵ս壬ҰҲټҵ棬ǺһѸǡ
Ǹʵ˵һЩԼߵ⣬һƬϣսŷ˼ӣߵʲô鷳
ҽСϵ򵥵ĸս˵һ飬սһֱûлӦ
˵֮󣬻Ϊѵ绰أҪ˵ЩʲôսЩͳ˵Сţģھ͹ȥ㡣
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Ǻãǧ߿ʮҾ͵
սܼеӣ˵˼֣ž͹ҵ˵绰
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˵绰֮ٴСߣСЩãȻʵСţղŸ˭绰أ
ҿЩţ΢΢Цһǣúܶ࣬˵һžˡ
СЩĵʵСţϵǲǺ鷳ѵǵʲôĲɲҪңܿס
ļ򣬰οС񣬷İɣɶ¶ûУڣҷġ
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ս㿪żɽʵأ
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Сʾ˸лԵøӽˣһԵĳ̷ƶ˵ߵСߣСͿһֳſСƤӿһӣȻſͿ˿ϸСֿʼСĸһ
СŵĲУֱһҲҶ
ȼһ֮󣬳̷Ʊתͷһս壬üţһֺܲõԤС
ս˵ͷҵļ򣬸˵Сţҳһ£ǽһ˵
֪ս϶֮ǰй²⣬һιֱӾȷˣһҪĻҪ˵ֱӸսţ¥
磬С񵽵ʲôֱ˵СһţұȲЦʵ


571 ߹
սһɫʮ֣ص˵Сţ鷳ˣȷʵ˶ֽţַ㲻̫Ϥ֮ǰα˸¹ˣ¹Ƶ֪ǱҪġ
ս˵Ҳһ¹ơôݣ
ʵҲƵǰʱ䣬ǰҹҰһӣ˵ĸӵܵĪĲȫͣƤгζ֮ΪһСӣСӵүүһùƵĸֱ֣¹ƽĸӵܸùˡ
Ǹүӻүүѣŷһ֣үү˵ŷүȫǶ飬ҪɱҵĻѴ֮
ⶾ̸֮֮ɫ䣬νʮֲֿ
սһҽ͵ƶأһطʽ׻˵Ķݣ约˵ĶҩǹŴףҲơںһ֣ʢڲ̬Ĵͳ֮СҪΪ֣ơơֲƺƷơѧ棬Ҳ֮Ϊʩùƶֽ¹ơŹơƻ󡣡
սһ˵ô࣬һЩɽ֣ʵҸǾеʲôƣûеľȣ
սҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ó̷Ƽһ°ɣⷽЩ˽⣬ƶ֮кü֣Ҫȷһ֣ҪһЩʱ䣬Щƺܼ򵥾ͿԽ⣬ЩƷ¹߲Խ⣬Ļ鷳ˣҵ¹֮ˣ¹Ƶ˿Ͻ⣬ǲһ¹Ƶ˲Ͻ⣬Ǿֻ·һˡ
սһ˵ҵȭͷ졣
үģֵܱ㣬̣̣̣˳𲻱ķ˭ôҪֵܵ͸ҪҵûʲôһҪҳﶼϲ
˵սҲЩˣСţʲôˮأǲȥˣֵɲ٣ΪҲ֪¶ͣһЩƶ֮ɲ飬ЩĹʦýӽԶ¹ƣַӾҪҿɲڸ㿪Ц
һԼ侲һЩһ飬΢΢ЦģҲȥȾֵ˵
ſһͽӣͿ̷СߣһŹֵڸСϸļ飬ʱóСϼ룬Сôֱ㶵ţԵʮֽţ֪Ͼʲôµ顣
Ҳ룬˭СµĶ֣ʲôʲôԹȻôֶˣСֻһѧѣΪʵ֣϶̫֣Ҳ̫ܹʲôˡ
ԼҲ˵ˣʱҲûʲôˣƵʲô˸أ
ҲţԵ޹ʾͻС¹ơ
ų̷æʮ֮ŽеĶʰһ©һ˿ЦݣС˵ģõĺܣûʲô⣬ȥôβ⣬ȵš
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Щ󣬽ŪˣɫʱЩѿæɿ֣Ǹ˵˼Щ̫ˡ
̷ûдң˵ĿǰйƵʱ䲻죬һʼ߹ƵˣֻŻ¸к̶Сͣʳȡȡ죬ٹ֮֮߰лйƳ淭۾ÿ쵽ϻ಻ԣһ˺ڣҲǰ֮󣬹ƶ׷ҲȲˡ
Ҳֲ̫ˣ̷ôһ˵ҶʱЩͷǣϢҲĴ޷СӵΣҲ̫һЩ
սȴƶô˵λֵֻǹƶڣ϶оǲǣ
ţҺ÷ֵļʱһڣҾû취ˡ̷Ƶ˵


572 
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С¶㾡ȥ죬ԽԽãƶʱԽԽΣգɵ˺ҲԽ󡣡սߴٵ
̷ӦһתߣͻȻʲô飬ͷսǽǸתƵһȽϰĵطһƵʱ򣬳Щˣ˿ˣӰ첻̫áоǡǸСʧȥ֪ԼҲ˵ӡ
ս˵ͷƬ̣Уһǽ˴ص飬Ӧ֪طСа취ʧȥ֪
̷ս˵ûжԣתֱˡ
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ˣһѦСͻȻ;¶϶ҲܸɣС˵ҲһˣղЩӦøѦСߴ绰ʵġ
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ҽΣҸǣҿ²ȥ֣ɡЩԹ˵
սͷҺǺһЦ˵㻹ж֣ѵϴôԸҵģ
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Ӻ־ǿһû˯ƵѹʱҲѾˣҲûиǴк
صſڵʱǸŵүϳ麵̣սǿĸүӴкүֻ΢΢ĵͷһ
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СԻ֮Һսֵ˶ʮңžͱˣҹȥţ̷һҩ˽ֱС߶ȥ
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̷΢΢ͷü΢ȻʼֽС¸Сĸ˼£һַǼ£һĻͷˣСĶƤƺʲôƤŵһһɵģЩ̥ҵĸоȴЩֵġ
˵СôźǷˣԭǣǶж
ǹĶĶƤĶͷС
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ζЩֵֹģǰûŵζҲӦƵġ
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Ȼҿ̷ִӹóһӣһǺװǸָĶ棬мֻ󡣬ɹɡĽţʮֺ
ЩһŹֵ֮УȻַŽȥһŻֽЩһˡ


573 ɫ
Żֽһ֮У̾ȼյž죬֮еĶһʼܹ֮ûϢƱǻֱֽˡ
ƶ֮ʵ̣û뵽ҲѪܵĳ飬ǽŵĲᡣ
Щڱ֮󣬺ܿɢһŨҵζŪӶǣЩһЩƤζЩǸõʬζ֮ܡ
̷ƺս嶼һȻɫЩζӦûжģҪȻˡ
Ϊ˿СҲֻܵζû뿪ӡ
Щ汻֮󣬳̷ó˼ܳ룬һһСĶƤϣ˵ʮ׳һ¾Ƥ֮Уľս
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̷ƽͰյСߣƬ֮һֱСͻȻſ죬һ³һźѪ
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ȥ̫ˣԶԶħֻҪˡ
Сֽ³˺üںɫѪ飬ȫ½ǸͰÿһ³һںѪ棬飬ܼ־֢˿龰Ӧŵĳȥ
ҵǱȽϴģҲЩˣֱתԴȥ
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Ȼ󣬳̷ƾʹԱһڵĴϢɫЩҰף˫סϥǣֶЩˡ
ΪͦأӣҲŵĲᡣ
ϾŮһүǣ˵³ôĳӶ϶ҲЩԲ
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̷ûֻ΢΢ͷȻһŻֽ˫ָ֮䣬һΣŻֽȼͰ
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôͰҪˣΪЩ׼ġ
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Ϊ鵽һˣϾСղ³ô඾ӣС³ȫѪûп档
̷֪ЪϢƬ֮󣬺ܿվתͷս˵ϴһעһǶ֮󣬱˵ˡ
ף㶯־ˡսɫ
ȥѵСﻹжƵĹҲ̫鷳һЩ
ЩҲֻһԾĿš
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ߴԼа׶೤Ǻɫģںںڵģҿʮ


574 
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ʱĳ̷ڳһٴ̱ϣȫĹһ㡣
ս彫Ǹһԣߵ˳̷ߣеƶŵסô
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Ҵʱʳĵһ⡣
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У¶ܾôˣҲʲôʦаСһҪʲôʱԹĴ
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˵ɣֵ֮仹ɶ˼ģСʱʺéҶ֪Ļʲô˵ģҺٺЦ
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ȻСеѹĲϵʹĴˣʫ̸ôõǸ˵СҲ˹һ٣㲻ʫ⣬ҲӦȰһ£Ȼ顣
СڵѪ˵Ұޣһɽ˿ڡ
ģҪʫô¶Ҫһ͡
మô꣬˵־ͷ֣ȴҲûһɣҪ޷һ𰸶ѡ


577 ֪
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ڸⷽ飬ÿһ˻вһĴеȻȻѡ֣еʹ飬̺ȾԼЩɵѡ˶ϡ
ǰüĸ飬ǰʱ仹һֱúõģͻȻԼôʱŮ˸һһСܲˣҲ벻ͨƾʲôѵΪǮ
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ҳĬȴ룬ҿսˣҪȻ߻Щ鷳߸ŵѦСߣֱӴţȻ󲻵ʮӣͻᱻǹָԴ׵
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586 ھͶ
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587 װ
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һʱ飬׵ʱЩ̫ˣȶʹˡ
Ӧ֮һָһ֪Ȼսߡ
ʱóǸܵ쵽ǱſڣһֱǿŵģֻϿǴ֮ˣ˿ڴ֮еɳϴ
ֻһ֮ս˻Ȼʹһɫ˼ҽǼ˸ʰˡ
ҵ˹ǰһ̨ϣè˱Ĵſڣżĵŵ棬ͳǼڴ˹ȥ
ҵٶȺܿ죬һգ۵Ĺ͵Ǽ˵ߡ
ȻҵĶѾˣҲһ˵ľǲû˯Ȼ俴һӰǵߣȻ
ֻǲǸ˵ҵһΣһѰɫķĩͷȫǼ˵ϡ
ѦС߸ҵĳǿȵҩȥһʡ
Ǹ˵Ӹով̾ĵȥļ˶ûüۣͱҩסˡ
ȫҩŪ֮ҳ֣սҲèһ˽
ʮֿ˵Ҳһټʮƽװʮݳ޺Ǯǻܡ
һ¥ļ˽֮Ǿͼǰߣ¥ݿڵķ򣬵¥ݿڵʱ򣬷ֶ滹һݡ
Ҷ֪˵ɶˣܹıŪһݣбҪôݳô
ǲģֻĵĴ¥ȥ
һսǰ棬Ӻᣬ¥ûһȻֻ̨ף۷˻ȻҲ¥ݵĺ档
Ƭ֮󣬴¥ϴһŲƤЬĶҺսҴϢһһδ󺺴¥ǱӰЩϤ


589 ʲôʲôԹ
Ǹδ󺺸¥ݣôصĴɤųɳϵļ˺ôӾ㣬ȺӣǮ˯ġ
ȻǼɳϵ˲ûлӦΪȫԻ˹ȥ֮ǰǲѹˡ
һɤӺ׳ܾЩ˶ӦŵȫվǣȻһƬš
ʶЩԣӾ˵
Ǹδ󺺸ո¥ݵʱͣסˣʱͭǮϢߵ׳һסͣȻͭǮͼĲϡ
׳ԭ£ͻȻ˲ϷͭǮʱʵ
ɷ˵ֱӽСӳ¥ݼק˹ȥ
˿̱ӼڲϣСӲԹԵĸǵ¥ݼĺ棬ǺһսѾ˲ţק˾͵˲
˲ţǿŵƵģ׳һ˲ѹ˵ǣСĵֱ£лú˵
תҳ˵
ҵĻ׳תԭʮֵһҵ֮󣬶ʱŵĻһ£ֱӹϵľ֮ɫԸӡ
үһٻôҵĸ첲˺üٴһôҸʲôʲôԹ
СӾڻǸƤƤϺ˿ĸ첲ϲźıʯ࣬ȥҲ̶ãҲûʣ¼ˡ
ҪǲĻܿٴһҲ⽫ĸ첲ȫϡĿ׶˵
ҡҡƤƤϺС˼֣ڵϸԺƵģ΢΢
ҵıԵһЩߵļСȫҴֽţԼȴ˵ݵǸһ첲Ҵ˺üأֱ۵Ļ˹ȥ
ڵңƻΪһӵجΡ
һңͻһֲ
Ҳû뵽ƤƤϺȻڳǵļ룬СӦôҽԺǣͦҵ첲Ϲ˻ϰࡣ
ҽͭǮϣ˵ﲢҪʰ㣬ֻ㼸ѣʵʵĻشҲΪ㣬˵ĻҪһǼٵģҡ
үСĲңҲ˵ٻʾǡƤƤϺԵʮֹɡ
ϵǸ˲ӡ
㣬浽׻жһڣ
Ժſڵıˣ¥ʮˣ¥ˡûɶˡƤƤϺæص
üһ澹Ȼ˷ɭϣ˽ʮˣΪ˱ǳǡ
Һսһۣһüͷʾҽʡ
ǲ¥ߵǸ
ƤƤϺ΢һԥƺ˵
еĽյĲϣҲ׺ͭǮһϻһϸϸ˿ڣѪ˳Ž˳
ƤƤϺٴλһæ˵¶³ڡ棬ﻹŮˡ
ȷ˾ǳֻ֮ͷһս壬˵ͷʾȻ
һֵȥƤƤϺĲϣ۾һֱӻ˹ȥ
ţС߳ȥƤƤϺ棬һƹȥ֮ǰǲѹˡ
˾¥ݣֱ¥ȥ
¥оŸˣǲܵģֳκζǵĿֱ¥ϢǵķֱӽСڴϡ
ȫŽż⣬Ϣĵ˶¥¥ݿڣսҲ¥ݼһ࣬ʼʩ豸˳¶ͷֻ۲һȵĶ
֮߶̣˵ڶ¥ĳһ֮󣬴齫ϡﻩ죬󲿷Ӧöڷ֮С
ҪӶ¥ߵ¥ô׵飬ϾˣͻȻ֣϶ᱻ˷
սҲҽͷһֱ˻Ȼĵĵȴ
ʱϵԽǾԽǲˣҲ֮ܲ⾪¥ĳǡ
Ƭֻ֮һ˺ҴһѣˣҪ˯һ
߶սŵӽԴǽڿ˹ȥһֱ֣ӹһ䣬¥¥ݿڡ
ʱҲ˹ȥһͷ˽ȥ
һûᣬ첽Ҳ¥¥սվһ
ʱ˲Щ¥ǳ˯ĵط


590 ݽɫ
ǳѾǺܽˣҲܵġ
ղƤƤϺ˵¥ڰأ˿϶һˣΪܹڳڵģԲƤƤϺֻһèļһ
Ȼ֣һǾԺܸߵģҪǾͽڸˣ񲢲ʲô򵥵顣
Ҫץѡ񣬵һǽҺսһʰһǣҲŪ̫Ķ
ڶҺսһȥԿ죬ųûзӦʱ򣬽ڴ򵹣Ȼֱӳ嵽ȥ
취񶼲رɡ
һΣսرСģûнǸ豸ó鿴һϵĶ
ҿһս壬˼ô죿
սʾİһŲüʮ־µֽˣķ˵ϣٵ˼־дʣֱֽӴӵվֽ˵ʼһŨİɫӿ
Ҳ֪սڸʲôãֻһԾĿš
Ƭ֮ǸֽͻȻһͷɢİŮˣȵķƮ˹ȥֱ˲Զһ̨ϣζ˫š
ȥŮ˻ǹ˵ģҹĿŸ
Ů˳֮󣬿϶ϵ˾
˭һʵų˹߶ͬʱһǹ˨졣
вɵЩ壬꣬ⱣϾȻǹһϿ϶Ҳǹ
ΪµĶôߣһǹ׼Ҳ̵Ҳ⣬ͱҸүүˣӵ˲
ǹңµı
ҵٶٿ죬ѵܿĹӵ
תͷһս壬ɫҲ̫ÿıҲ򶨣ӦϵЩǹˡ
ܿ죬ս˷ӦָָǸŮķָָңȻָָȵߣָָԼ
˼ǣǸֽ˵ıڽңһ򽻸
ѸٽսߵǼ䷿ӡ
ܳɹôϿɶǹӵ۾
µͷҲУΪûѡ񣬶ߵ˻ȥˡ
գۼĹһǹڴ̨ϵǸ˹ȥ
һǸǹƱ֪һǸǹ֣˿̵ȫڴ̨ϵļ˸Ŀ⣬ͷкˮð˳
ƾյĳһŮһŮڴ̨ϣ˭Ҳú¡
СҲǵ󣬻߹
ǹıעȫǼ˵ϣûгҺսĵط
Ǹ˴߹ȥʱ򣬽չҵǰҾ֪ʱѾˡ
һҧܲˣӾͳǸǹļһ˹ȥ
ҳǸ˵ͬʱսҲ˳ȥ
ǰţǹӰһ֮С
ڳʱҸûȥһߵǸˣΪѡս壬һܹʰǸˣֻһĶԸǰ˾ͺˡ
Ǹ˵ľԻǺܸߵģҵһҵʱĶһֱӵתǹڣʱ֮תһʱ˾ͳǸ˹ȥһ˵˵ϡ
һҾץסǹֻ֣ס˵ʹǹ˵ϡ
˾Ǹɫͨ˵Ӧʮֵ׺
ץסǹ֣ҲᣬһֱֻһذףͳҵĲҪ˹
ҪĽ࣬ɱ˲գۡ
Ҳô׵֣һֻҲץǰذ׵
ֶֻץסˣСӷӦһ죬ϥǳҶ˹С̫ˣֱӹ̵ҪһҪǶʵˣұȻӾ
꣬ķˡ
ɿ˵˫֣һֻһϥǣն𣬶һͦҲ˲ϵһ׶ľͳ˹
кụ̈ɷϵɱʮŨһɱˣҪȻҲôصɱ
һ˫֣˾ȭͷҴ˹ȭͷ磬ʮ㣬һȭǴͨϣֱܽһȭ
ϵʱսһ˵սҲˣһʼʯͷƿ죬ս϶׳ʯӣǸǹִ˹ȥûп֮ûǹ


591 һӵ
Ŀǰҽȫľ˶Ըǰϡ
һҲ֪ʲô·жʮֵĺһֱɱ˼׵ĺݡ
򵥵Ҹ˼֮ͷɢ˿ҵľ룬Ǽһһ˫۾ңǽϵҪλһ˫۾â˸һϼΪĵط
һĺܣϵӦò٣һɱ
ˣҼͨ˵һһ֮ǰҪɱҵǸ֯ɱֻҪǿܶࡣ
֮Ǹɲҵֻʵʲôˣ
㲻Ҫ֪ҵĻһ䡣
Ȼδ䣬СӸϷƵĴͲﻬһذףһ䣬һѳŵӵһ˹
ǰذٶҵĿѡ
Ǻñ£ô˵Ҳһͨˣ֮ǲ˺öࡣ
ҲСǰУһת˫ƻ֮䣬˳ƶҽ֮еʱǸеٶȼٿ죬ҵҲŻ࣬Եذ׳Ŀʱһֳֻץסһֻؿڴȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ӵ־ͱץһţһֳֻؿ˹ȥ
ôٶȣӾȻܷӦ΢΢һ࣬һƾʹϲ˹ȥûؿڣȴҲһֻ첲ĵѾˡ
ǰ߶ûһ̧žͳҵСֵ˹
ôݰľһжӾţүģûأҪŪɶ
鼱֮䣬һΣͶ˿ȥԿֹУϾС֮ǰѾһֻ۰򣬷Ӧ࣬ձһؿڣֱӴһѪӡۡһײǽϡ
ҿ첽ϣһֵĲϣǰԴһΣֱӻ˹ȥ
һѲļһҶ˵֮
Ҳһͨ˵Ļ϶СӵĶ֡
ȻһѲǴ򶷵ٶȺܿ죬ܹҲһֶӡ
ҽ֮תͷȥսʱ򣬷ǱߵսҲֹͣˡһҲ˵ϣ˹ȥ
ֱʱߵǸŴһӵʮŭ˵ǣҹڸɶһǰɣ
ʱѾߵսߣ˵̧һţͳǳص˹ȥ
ŷۡһɽ죬ֱӱһ߿ˣŶߵıΡ
ҺսҪȥʱ򣬾Ϳһˣ˴ϣ߸һһ˿ҵŮˣƺղŵĶˣһֵĳſڿ
ڴʱҺս嶼һ㶣Ǹ˴ͷһ¾һǹû˿ԥͳ߿ǹ
ͬһʱ̣Һս嶼˳⣬ӵҵͷƤģŵҳһİë
ǹһ죬¥˿϶ˣѾӶ¥ķһٵĽŲ
ʱͻȻս彫Լһ֪Ҫʲô
ǲɿûд·ŮˣҪԴ󷢵Ľ࣬Ҳʱ򰡣
·֮ս˽ȥ
ǳǻΪ˴˽ȥҲûпֱӾͿǹǹϣۡͣҶĤ죬ǽȫǿطɣŵҾջһϣ϶ҲҪһѪǳıŻˡ
ǹһܿû˶һǵ졣
ӵûˡ
ʱսһǰһ壬һ߸˵ȥ¥Щ˽ˣȥץסǣ
˵仰¥һ³ʮңһŴƬͰͳɱڣ
ҳǵǸһۣǷһĨЦһΣӭʮȥ
ֿȭԸЩͨ˻Ǻɵġ
ֵҵǣЩϲûдǹǻûǸʸǹ
ֻгǺڲŻὫǹϡ
ǳҲǹݵģʲô˶û˵͸ǹҲ򵥡
գۼĹҾ͸Щײһֵһ˵ǣʮ˵лϴ˵һˣֻǱҴ˸첲첲ϻʯ࣬ƤƤϺһľҵǵҳ嵽ǰʱ˵ļһһңʱǿ˹һı顣


592 Լһ
Ϊ˾սȥʰǳǣҲøЩں֮ڶֱ֣óɱﵣҩһȥҩһƮɢǰĸӾĵ˵ϣմȾһҩˣҲǻλƣҳ彫ȥ˫һ裬ǵĲȥЩ˾͵ȵԣôһȦһӶûеЩ˾ȫſˡ
ЩˣֱǾҷղҶԸǸȣһΣǸֶԸʮҲ׾ٵġ
֣Щˣų־Ǽ˹ȥ
ߵһսѾǳǴӴק˿̾ʹһ׿㣬սõס˲ӣеһѵָ˴һŵŮˡ
ҳһۣŮ˳ĵȷƯϵĵӰƵģ˿ŵ˫ԲɪɪˮҼ
εҡҡͷԺﲻһ仰ðײ˶ˡ
ײ˹ҲʲôðײˣĶõˡ
ŮջĿ⣬ͷһſڵϵĳǣһ⣬Բ֣˵жٶϵһһġ
ͳӣСԶˣʫܿ
Ҳ֪ڵĳЩŮ˶զģΪǮʲô鶼ɵĳ
һѹ˭ܵ˰
ҽ֮󣬳̧ͷһۣ˵СȻսסˣȴһĵǼˡ
ңҿʱ΢΢һЦ˵ѣҳǷˣҲ˭ҲϻģǼȻҵͷ϶֪ճµĵϸɶҲ˵ˣǿ۰ɣԼһ
Ҷų΢΢һЦͻȻͱ̧־ŷϴһƣǽһ࣬һƴǼһϵķһ϶Ǹ
ҸоԼ϶ģߵ˴ڱϲһѣµĴϵŮһС
һͷŮһۣҲ֪ĸʫĶʮֺÿȴĿûɵһҧгݵ˵Уٽҿɲǿ
˵ŮĸһЩסɪɪ
תͷʱ򣬿˳ǣСӱҴһ֮֮׹է֣ȷһš
ô㲻΢Цſ˳ǣЩζ˵
ȴǸˣúǰЦôܲȻ˵ҳĳܣڽϻģֻƲǿ۰ɣҪ٣ֻҪҳĳõĳ޶
ٴ˵꣬һֱҺݺݴһƣһҪöҵֶЩ顣
һΣǵǱҴĳѪѪˮ˳ǻʳ
ŭˣݺɽǶ꣬ƶ궼ûбôˣв֪ôء
ŰƵĳǲŭЦѪ˳ԵЩٺЦֵܣǷѾĻΪ˴ĳһٳɣʲô鳨˵ô㻮һ
㻹˵ҵֻΪ˴һ٣Ǯ˲СүϡҺٺЦ
ǳһ㶣֪Һ«ʲôҩǸϽȴûмģֻһĿңȴ˵һ
ʱһԵսЩͷˣæߴٵСţīˣ¶ʱƲˡ
Ӧһ˵ͷȻֿ˴ϵŮˣʵĸʫ
⻰һʳڣһŮ˾ԵЩҲ
㲻ˣŮ˲Żһֻϸ۵ֱ˵ҡʫ
㴩·˵仰֮Ҿתͷȥٴο˳ǣı͸ˣ˺һŵ⡭Ů˸ʲôϵ
żһ֪ˡҺٺЦţһ·죬⶯ұЩԳͷ۵ģȴסˣսȴܲܲеĵȻתͷȥɡ
Сӿ֮󣬺ܿͷȥŵϵĳǡ
ȥɫ
֮ǸŮ˴·ʼ˹ԽԽȻ䣬ҸоŮ˵ĺͻȻЩ֪
ʱսȴһ˵СšСİ


593 ֽ
սľʶһӣһλεذ׾ʹӸղҲӵλû˹һӣذ׾ͻҵĺ
ЩǱԱһܿʱʫһذٴγ˹ɫԵЩһ߳һ߶ݺݵ˵Ҵ¸硭Ҹƴˡ
ôʲôղŻŵɪɪתۼͱһֻĸϻ˹
ղҸûзŮˣΪᱻɷŻˣԭװġ
޷ŵǣһŮˣµʱȻôݣղǸӣҺҪɱҡ
һֱŮһʫȻӣʱ۾٣СôһŮأ
һѧô
𾪹𾪣ҺܿͷӦ˹ϾһŮˣҿ϶ߣһʼûзŵҳ첻κв
ҵǰһ̽һץסӣȻһС֣ͽʫ˵ϡ
ˣŮ˻ھҵһ󺰴С
ҿɲУʱôǡ
ǺֱóлɢһлɢãͨһҲ˲ʧȥ
лɢ֮ʫڰҲֹͣһ̯һ̱˵ϡ
һֱĿһУʫſڵϲʱǳͻȻϵһ˿Ц˵λС硭ĪǿСѾͷҪϲĻԴߣСƤһʼҵʱͦģҵһʲôˣˬҡ
ʫҪɱңоһŻ˵ĻеúǱһ㣬ߵǳǵߣһžǷĶϣһͦصģоһɳһ㡣
ĳԵסһţֵ͵һ𣬵۵ɫǺ죬һ˳ۻ࣬š
ʶ۵ԼŻϣжġ
ҵ۵ֱ顣
꣬СǸСʫʫСΪֿŮˣΪȥ
Ϊʫ֮Ը˳ǣΪôǮǳĶãҲЩο
Ȼ˵˸ղǷûнʫǵһתãΪԼ˵ҪͲҪһ
ڵʹĳ鴤˵ϣۿʫʫȻлɢǲûлȥʶѡ
㡭ôԵСôϲ㣬Ϊʲô鶼ȴô԰Լ꣬㾿ΪʲôǮ𣿡
˵ЩʱҵЩˡ
Ϊôֵܸеֵ̫ˣҪ֪ʫˣҡ
ȻʫȴޱĿңЦΪʲôܵôСʲôˣھ͸㣬ѾϲˣڲᣬԺҲᡭ
̧֣ݺݵĳһž׵Ůϣ̧ȴʼûȥûдŮˣЩ²ȥ֡
ʫҺǺЦ˵СѰɡҵģҲãҸ仰Ժ֮ûκιϵˣڸų¸磬ŮˣһӶǡ
ҲݣôǲǼղѵûǸҪתңʵܲŮˣǶˣһصģ
Ȼһ仰ûƢٴ˵ǳ¸ŮˣԸ⽫ܵԸ⣡
һ仰˵һѪû
ŭ֮ʱһԵսȴ侲˵Сţ𼤶Ů˿϶Ǳֽţ϶Ҳ˹ƣҪȻôŮˣ㿴۾ûкɫһѪ˿ɫǲЩ΢΢ƣⶼй֮еı֣еĻ϶˹ƵģѾȫԻסˡ
սĻȻһǿǳһۣ㣬ҽӴֻſڵװ֣оЩüĿ
һЩƣʲôаĹƶһŮ˱ӡ
һʫ°ͣսžµϸȥ˫ˮĴ۾һۿȥʱһЩߣս˵ʫ۰׵ĵطкܶһѪ˿ƣʮֲֿ


594 ɱ
ûˣйƵļ󣬵СйƵʱ򣬰ɫΧҲǺɫѪ˿һƣʫʸСʱһģһɫЩơ
˿Ҳ׹ԭôһ¶
ֲʫͻȻ񾭲һҵʱ׺ݳˣŵ͵Ϯңؼ̫ˣһĳ̶ȡ
һɿʫеܿת˹˵ףҲһŮˡ
ղŶԹʱһɨգҶڳǵΪȴǸʹˡ
һúõŮӣˣһӶˣʫ˽⵽һУһ־顣
Ƭ̣ҿս壬һʮָӵʵ磬ʫеʲôƣ֪ô
սҡҡͷ˳ǣ˵㲻ӦңӦúúǡ
ǰǲʼٸߣȷʵӦ
һεߵ˳ǵߣһѾסЩͺͷۻĴ̧ʵճµģʫµʲôƣ˵˵ɣ
ЩŵĿһۣװһ޹ӣ˵Ǿ˵ʲôһءʲôǹƣҴû˵ʲôûǿɱѪˡ
ˣ˵ʵǰɣһְ취˵һɱڡһ飬Ц
ƺ쵽ʲô֪ҿ϶ҪֶΣæٴλŵ˵Сֵܣˣ֪ҳʲôˣɽǵĵ磬ҳĳҲ˵һģҪ𣿲еķӣҪǮеǣҪҲܴߣԺ˵ǻܽѣ߽ĲôԺҪɽʲô飬ֻһ仰ĳ͸㿴ô
Ļ˵ûУֻһλᣬҪǻ˵Ļһڴ̥㲻⺦ѣѵŮѣˣһ㣬ʵ㣬ҵǸǸС˵ûʮҲʮˣҲںһ࣡
Сֵܡлú˵ǧٶˣ㡭
ȳǰѻ˵꣬һѾץס֣Ȼת˵еֱӲӿ澭һͨˣ޷ʹ࣬һǧͬʱһ㣬Ҫѿʹ
ӣǾͷɱһĲҺ͹˳죬ڵϾҵȴսĲţ޷Ų
ֹӣڳܲסˣʹĿ޵ͣʲô˵ǧҪĥˡ
ˣץ֮ͣʱѾʹĿҪʹȥһɧζƮ
ܲס޴ʹ࣬ʺ
զ˵ܹɽǻ쵽زģҲһۣǰ磬ⷬģ
˶Сʫֽ֮⣬ָ˵Ĺϸٲ˾ĶˣһҪҪ׶
жĥǺŲĵ
˿̵ĳſڵϣֻʣһˣֻǳûн
һԵսüͷҵСţһŪˣҿɲý
ҵ˵ͷзִ硣
ǼһﴭϢʱٴξͷʵôûУ
һ֮󣬳İʧˣʹ಻κ˶ܳܵסġ
ùԸܶˣԲˬûмһܹмܵס
˵һʮʱͿסˡ
ɫͿ壬Ż㲻һ
˵˵ʲô˵㣬ǧҪĥˡء˵˵ţǾȻʹһ۸Сӡ
һҲˣһǸ߿ˡ
ȻϣҲͲˡ
ҵʵôʫǱ˹ˣ
صĵͷæ˵ǡ¹ˡ
ô֣ٴʵ
֮ǰȥҵĳ£ͻȻͿʫҳﳪ裬ôÿǾɫģ˽һʼͬ⣬ֻҪǿٻģû˷ӣ˶˹ƣԺ߾ˣһɥ˵
һǿסһٵĳ嶯ٴʵµʲôƣ
ʣԥһ£˪񣬱㲻Ҳ˵ˡ


595 
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˵̧ͷһۣҵӵı䣬һ£ٴ˵ҡҵʱҲǹϣŻ飬̫ÿˡһֱҪõԡԲŻ²ߣ¶ĲԣǸҸ硭ʲô˵ˣɱĥˡ
Ѿһ޲ھɱʫСһ
һкܶҪʣѹסŭΪйֱ˦һƣأֻһ¾ʹüݣͶˡ
ϼһ¼ңǱˣҲֻܽʣҳ
֮ٴʵô˵ǸСҲֽඣֻɽǴѧһѧΪʲôҲҪ´˶֣ҪҪأ
Ӷ߶£һֱѪٴζһ£˵˵ǸˡǡѧѣҲ֣⺢εҵĳﵷңҵ˸ˣʵͷۣ֮£ֻҲ֡硭ҲпԭСҪһֱҲţҲҪɱ
žصһƣķ֮ϣֱӽ˵ϡ
׻˵˲ƫƫҪôΪ˵ĥ־ֶΣ⼸ȥֱӴݻ˳һߡ
ôɱ˻ǲǣô˵¹ƣɱҲпԭඣҧгݵ˵
Ǵӵֱӹҵǰǳ׵ˣµĲѣǲ˵һ仰ˡ
ӿȥЩҶһ֮ġ
Ҫġ
ǰֵĻھ͵嵥
Ҫ־ֻܹǵ˲ǵˣһӵجΡ
ҳƬ̣ٴο˳ǣֿһſڵϵʫʵϵ֪ôô
治֪ϵĹƲµģҲǸϽ
֪϶µģҪ£ھͲˣھһ⣬ϵĹƣ˭µģ˼ʵ
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ҡҡͷЦһ˵ҿ㻹һʵǸ¹Ƶ˿ɱ㣬Ҳһɱ㣬ھɱ㣬˵˵ܶ죬˵ߡ
˵ţٴץס˳ǵĸ첲ӶѾʹˣ죬ˮϴһ㣬Ҿ͵۾ٴвʱ俼ǣʱһʹ

ҿʼ
ʱ򣬳ǵһ¾ͿʹҳɽǷ˼ʮ꣬ȴ³ⶼǱӦðɡʲô˵һ
˵˵ҵ˵
ӦɱңҲŸ˵ɫ
ãҴӦ㣡ʮˬʹӦҪ
ǰҲɱ˲ɱҲ˵Ǹ¹ˣսһߣҲѣսߵĻµЩ飬Ǹͽ̣һֱӾͰǹӶˡ
䲻úˡ
ҴӦôˬ죬ǻЩ̫ţЩɵĿһۣûڡ
һԿһޣģ˵˵ɱͲɱ㣬ֻ˵ʲôµĹƾͺá΢Ц˵
һѪĭӣ˵¹ƵҴϽһţǱ߶ǲݹţרƵģһϽˣ˹ϵǲݹһǮҰ¶ҲӦֻǲݹһأǾǲܸ˵֣ҪȻҿ϶ᱻɱӲ
ôȦӣǸŽʲô֣˵ôķϻɫ
ԥƬ̣˺ܴſ˵ǸŵֽС


596 
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һĻҵɵˡ
ôʲô
Ǹŵ־Ҫ˵ˣͻȻ͵˵ϣѵװĲɡ
ҪٽѵһǣҸװװʱһԵսͻȻһץסҵ֣һֵ˵ãһҲǹŸ˹ơ
⡭ⲻܰɡѵǹž⸽ɣŵʵ
㲻ǸڳһĽƣһҪ˵Ǹŵ֣̾ͻڵĹƶڵĹƳҧս˵ţæɿ˳ǵӣʮֿ־˺˼ǳǵʲôȾƵġ
ҲЩ־˺˼ǳǵϻʲôӳһЩĵʵ硭ô죿һ֪˭СµĹأ
ѾҪˣЩŮ뿪ܾһһôƣӦãɡһҲ
սԵΪţæŴϵǸŮ˹ȥҿһ۵ϵĳǣɣôˣҲûʲôÿϧġ
ҼתʱͻȻһ飬ҴϳǹʱѦСҪһЩιƶҩѦС˵ЩҩҲԽƣǼʦүѦҽǰ置ĴУһټʮǰҽĽƵҩȻʮ飬͸ǳһܹܲãǻͿ컯ˡ
ҰͲóǱǧУܾǧƳҧ֮࣬Ҳ֪˭µĹƣθġ
ʱûƬ̵ԥǬнѦС߸ҵĽƵҩ˳˳ǲŰĭĴ죬һЩ
ҪɿǵӣʱֻһҲݣô̫ˡ
ս巢ģ̧ͷս忴ȥǱߵ֮ҲҲŵĻһսҪϵǸŮһߵʱ򣬿սŵľֻһ첲Ǹ첲϶ϿڴһЩһĳӣڲϵµ䣬ϵǸŮ˿Ҳӱ﷭˳۵ļ֮ϲϵıһȻЩѿһ¾ͷ棬ɢһ
һݲеľ֮
ƶһ˲ͱЩĹƳͿˣ˿϶ǻˣսŷĿ޴룬֪ôˣ
ǸƳҧǸӵŮˣҵ͵ֳһ£Ϊ뵽ڵϵʫҲ
뵽ʱæͷȥʫҲĶҲʼССĹƳ˳ЩҵĽűߣ˳ҵЬһֱҵ͵ִʹһ£˿̵ľôһŮˣȻҲ˶֣ұԾġ
ƫƫûзӦ
һʼȵʫǳǵĻʫϣǺܴġ
ˣҲûзʫæӷ˹ȷһֿ˲ֱӵһĻ
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һһеĽѦС߸ҵЩҩʫ
û뵽ǣƵҩһ˲˸ı䣬йƳˣЩƳҲܿ뿪ʫӣɢȥ
ˣҲܹĳʫϣҲʮãˣΪڵӦҲƳˡ
ʱʫƺ˹Щ˫ۣҿһۣ˫۾һ徻ĸоղŵʫˡ
֮ǰӦǸŮˣڵҿԿ
ڵСŮҲһֱΪǸŮˡ
ʵ㡭˭
СѣģҪ¡϶ܻʹȥС˵ҪȢ㣬һӲ뿪㣬һҪһɩءһ˵ô࣬ѹȥһĴܸơ
ʫǼһ˿ЦݣȻۿ˳Ŵŵ˵ϣ˵䲻СˡҵӲɾˡȥһֱˣŮˡ


597 뿪
𰡡ɩӡڣ϶ܻһ£ϴ뿪ҸõҽʶһҽʶüҽֻҪһڣܻҪסȥھߡ
ʫ˾ҵĸʹˣ˿˵һ㺣һɽһѹ˵Щ״Ҳ֪ôˣҴûһֱߵ޵ĳ嶯
˵仰ҲƬ̵ͣЪֱʫҵϾͳȥ
սղŽеľٶ̾ϢһƺҲŸһ㺣Ϊʫϧ
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ȴţҲֻʫ뿪ȻٶȻصϳѦҵλүӽȻ
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εıûкҩһж޷ˡ
ҴʫſڿȥʱսҲһϢĳǴǸ˳Ŀǰ˵ǻҪҲ·һ
ǸϵŮˣѾܻˣΪӶһѵĹƳ棬ССĳȫѪȻܣӿ
ҪҲˣΪھʫʱʱѾˡ
ЩƳо綾ģҧ˵ϣζ϶ܣֻܱЩƳֽʳ
Ǹŵ˼ֱ̫ˣֶѾﵽ˲Ҿ徵ĵزиҼǳʬ֣ݹһҲѷɫҪӿֲһЩ
ֲѹЩɶˣҪһ޴ĺƽ١
Ҵʫո߳ţսųҵͻȻСšҳŲסˣղűЩƳҧ˼£ȫʹͣЩҩһЩСһѹƳ׷ˣٶȺܿ죬ǿ϶ܲǡ
Ҷס˽ŲѦС߸ҵЩԸƳҩս壬սס֮ȲĴƿӣԼһЩȻ˵ֱӽƿӶ׵Ǹ档
ƿˤķ飬һذɫķĩſڡ
ЩϾҪ׷ĹƳ棬вٱЩɫķĩմȾһƬ֨֨ĽһŰɫʱһָϢƮɢ˳
꣬ս廹үĲۣѦСһ͸ôһιƶҩһȫ˳ȥһһЩ鷳Ҫ
һЩƳȫ϶ǳˣҩ۶ЩƳȻĿƺɱһ
˷ιƳҩս壬ܿͻָ˹Ҳٶĳǣܿ챻˼ϣҲų¥ȥ
ͻȻһҵĽҲ˹ȵס
һ˲䣬ҾԼЩ㱣Ųžͣһ̵ֱᣬͻȻۿתұﲻסˣίơѹңϢ
ò׽ʫȳſڣѾ׵뿪硣
ҸθС񽻴һУ
ôŵĿڣСֻ֪֮һ־
Ҷȥ롣
ѾǰսҲˣͷңܿ׷ʲôɫҲʧ䡣
Ƭ̣սŵ߰ɡСţѾˣΪһѣ㹻ˣΣҲܹҵġ
һôֹסʫһ̣Ҹö˵Щʲôģ˵һЩ飬ҲøСһ롣
һŮֻϧ
ðɣʲôҪȥˣˣҲҪ뿪Сһۡ
Ʋıʫʬ壬Ӻᣬоûһ
սջĿ⣬ٴһ¶ȥ
ǼߵߵϵʱһҺս嶼޷ٴηˡ
ЩߵϱҴλ߱ҩŷЩǵ£ͻȻҵĻζһҺսٴζס˽Ųһ
ôʲôѵЩǵҲ˹ƣЩ˵һȺӣסǵȥ·ǿ϶ǻˣΪѦС߸ҵЩƹƳҩղȫսһأ϶ǲܻȥˡ
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598 ʬ
սȻҲǱĪͻȻסˡ
ղǸŮͻȻƶӱƳʳɾǿֲĳЩӦӲϾߵŵǾŸǵ֮⣬ǵڣһͬʱǸŮ˵ӣصĹƳöѳһСɽ̼ܽû
ȷе˵ĸˣҺսһ˻һ
ҲȷϵЩ˵û֪ʲôȫԱ֤Щ˵Уһ˶ûдʱҳֺзִģֻǴιȥ˶ѡ
СšЩ㶼ˣսɫȻʵ
ӣҾ֪ôʣæҡͷ㻹ģôײô
ս΢һʱЩڵϵ˶˸Ӿ
һǲٵȻ·һǻ˵ôֱ࣬Ӵһ˵ܣ
һߺ֮£ұʫʬͳЩ϶Щ˿˹ȥսҲܵĿĻЩƳ滹ûдǵʱֱܳȥܼһ
ҵǵһ¥Ǵ¥˳ȥһڴﻹأǣҲһ鷳
ʱֻܰһ¥ЩûиЩһҪȻľڽˡ
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һͻȻһ£ָѲһֻæǼһ˹ȥһŹȥʱߵǼһļŴȻջȣסСӳסȵĸ첲һϾһšǸһĸ첲ֱӱҵ˫ȸšˡ
֮Ҽ¥ݿڵķ񱼶ȥʱЩԭڲˣȻһӵ΢ԵЩӲͳٻұʫʬ岻Ƭ̵ĵ飬ٴδ߶˵еԼޱҶ㣬ٵıЩͻȻվˣʵڱܲģͷһȥֱӽ߷ڵأȻǰ񱼡
ǰ濪ս˺ܶ࣬һֱǵ
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ǡ˹ƲҪô
ۿǸоҪϣڲʰʱһȻֱӴͷϾͷ˹ȥݺݵײǵеϣҷڵء
һϸһǸȻﾹȻǻȥĳǡ
սؼʱ̵⣬ֱųٺüʮķ⵱ըһ˭ܵˣǵмͣټʮҲ
ߣսߴһҲҵ飬ʫʬͳһ¥ķ񱼣ʮݣͿ絽˵ס
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֮ǣֵЩ֣߶ӣǰһֲƬǡΣûⲿƬ
ʱƬ￴Щɥʬʱ򣬾ŵĲҪҪġ
ǰˣ͸ӰݵЩɥʬо࣬жٻĿͣĿڴ֮Ĵ߶
ΨһЩɥʬͬǣЩ˵ϲûиõĺۼĿͶѣ۾ȫɫŤѪ˿
һڵ¥ݿôһ٣ƺоʲôȻĳתӣһŭȻͬһʱ̣ͳ˹
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ұʫʬ峯һɳԱ˹ȥȻʫʬٵķɳϣһŽɳ߷ɳסʫʬ壬ӭͳЩɥʧһļһ˹ȥ


599 
ԭЩһļһٴ֮ǱһˣһղŻ˫۴ͣޱ飬Ҿ͸˼Ѫһһе
ҸȷǾ˻ǻţǵҲðˣֱӽͭǮһһ˱ǣЩŵĻɱˡ
ȻЩǵ߹ϧҲǷᣬҲ˵ɱ˾ɱ˲ǣ
ԣЩһﳯ˹ʱֻȥС
Щһı࣬һϵʱҾ͸оǱײһµĸоһ˹ȥҲֻǽ˼
ȥࡣ
ҸЩһļһƴʱսҲųǱſڶסЩˣٴιʼʩǷֵ峯Щ˹ȥ
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սһųŵڵһȥ˵ͿʼԸѹµˣǳ磬ٵһʹ˼£һʼǼ¸ûʲôӦսָһһĺϵʱǸһͻȻͲˡ
һҴûмŵʡ
һе֮սֿٵ˵ĺϴ˼£Ҳôˣֻһ˫㵸
˵ʱͻȻһӵĽŲһͷһ¥ЩһҲһ¥Щһ㣬󺰴еľͳ˹ЩﾹȻŵͰ֮Ķ
Ⱥôӣʲô
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˵⻰ʱѾһһˣһɨȣǼһˣѧսղŵӣǼһļ׵ʹ˼ӣǷָͲá
սȴһʰˣһ߸Ҽ˵Ҳȷû֪ǳʲô⣬ԲŻȴǵļ׵񾭣ȽǷŵ˵ӳȥ
˵УսָͷˣԮҡ
ۿһ˵ļ׵񾭵λôһ֮󣬼Ȼִ߶ٴһ飬ڹˡ
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ȻǱʮһ׷ڴתǷɢ֮ƣͼࡣ
ڣʮ֮ǽЩ˷ļһȫŷ˵ϣЩֻǼ׵˴ϰܹģ׺ݵĳȴ첻̫вˡ
ҽʫʬɳ淭˳±ϣսҲ˷һĳǡ
ʱսͻȻ˵һ飬һ
ʮ֣صĸ˵Сšʰǵʱ򣬺
ʲôģô֪ģʮ־ȡ
㻹ǲǵãǸ¥ʱΪ¥ǵڣŪһֽ˵ķȥ¥Ĵ̨ϣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǵðʱŪʱһһƵġ
ղҴ¥ʱ򣬷Ǹֽ˷ûˡսɫȻ
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ʵҽǸֽ˷ڴ̨ϲֻΪڵע⣬ΪǿĶֹʲôʲô˹ǡ
˵սһ˵ǡղҴ¥Ǹط·ʱϸһۣǸֽѾճһѻҽʧȥκãֽ˷ͬз紵ݶҶܹоһΡҾȻһӦûУǸֽ˾չˡ϶ǸΪҲ²ղſ϶Ƿϵҵֽ˷һЩŪιȥ϶ֽţҪȻҲƽ޹ʵıӣ˵أ
ϸ˼֣Һë
ǺΪ֪ķϵսֽ˷
ֶονʮָ
һʮֿɵ˲䱻
ҸопܾǳǸ˵Ǹݹţһֱڰ۲ǵһһȻøֶΣҪҺսڷ
ȴ¶棬ֶͨɱǡ
Ǻҽҵ뷨ս˵һ£ҲʾпܣǲݹĻҺս廹п߲ȥ


600 ɫЫ
ǲզ˵Щ˹ƵˣѾҺսʰˣǲݹҪɱǣҲûİ취ֻӲͷƤ֮ԿȻϷιƳҩѾûˣһһŲģǱǹŸɱˣҲĳϵһ⡣
Һսһۣ˴˶ӶԷ֮иоһ˿̿֡
ܿ죬ǾͷӦ˹ɫ硭Ǹǻǻ㲻ǹɱǰɣҵ¹˭Ҫи̣Ҳ˵ҼүӣҸүүҲǼأ
⻰һǶս˵ģһҲǶڰǸ˵ģЩв˼˵⻰ܴҲ˵үүǻصܸˣǸүүʮǰݺὭľ֣˳֮ΪнµһǹҪҶ֣ҲõĺҪʲô⣬үү϶ŭ׷鵽ףү϶Ҳƹضɱҵ˸ˣǱȻס֡
ʹһЩĽϣһû˵Ҹүͷأ
ݻ֮ұսʹһɫٴα˳ǣҽɳѹŵʫʬ˳±ϣͳĴſȥ
һţȻ䣬һӰʹһ˳Һսǰ
һɫװҲһڲȿ䣬Ҳģ˳Һսǰʱҵһ뵽˱ǲݹš
ǵϸһʱ򣬷˵οȴһˣݳ˵ݹһŮˡ
ǰ˾ʲô·أ
ҺսԱһվ˱ſڣǸ˾վ̨棬ֶһǼҲ׵ľ롣
˭սܲʵ
˭㲻ùܣֻҪ֪ϱŵǸ˷һһȫʬȻǾͻܾҧ֮࣬˶ЩƳϣʬ޴棡˵
ϵΪʲôҪϼвҵ˶ˣ㻹ʸ񡣡ս˿壬Ȼ
ΪϵǸˣʦĹأҪҲҪһᣡ˵ţͻȻһֻ֣Ͳ֮ͻȻһֻͷЫӣȫ죬ģǸβ͸߸ֻǿһۣұⶫǾ綾ޱȣ⵨˼֡
ʵҲ̫η壬Ҿͺ¹ƣǸŮ˵״̫һЩҾò
ô˵ˣǸֽ˷㶯ֽඣսʮֵȻôһ䡣
Ǹ˷Ц˵ϻҶֽţ˭أ
Ȼ䣬˻һתȵϻ˵ɣ
һ䣬һֱ֣ŵֻɫĶЫһ¾Ȼ˵ϣֻɫĶЫζ˶βͣٵĳ˹
ֻɫЫ֮˲ƺϣͷһҾ÷˼飬ֻɫЫĲƺЩݶʱĸɿݷƣ˲ͿήȻܲסⶾЫϵľ綾䶾֮ңɼһߡ
ǺɫЫǿٵ˹Һս嶼ôҲ̫ˡ
ǱǶЫһ֪
ȻζԸֻɫĶЫʱǱͻȻһ̶ľٵĳ߱ƽ
ǸųЫ͵һæֻһĶЫٻ˻ȥȻԹĿһۣתͷͳԺӵĺڰٵ˳ȥ
Ǹʧ֮ŷӦ˹תͷһս壬æʵ硭ˣզ죿
Ұ죬ˣ׽϶˵ҲϽܣ
˵ţҺս͸ԱһˣŴſڵķ񱼶ȥʵǸղǺһ㣬ԺǽȥȻӺĶʱΪģȻǸԱһˣ޷˸ѶȵĶֻܴӴſڵķ취ߡ
ҷǳŴſȫͶǸһǸСͤǱߣǰͣ˺üȻһ³ʮ壬Ǹһš
ʮѺڶǹָǣһ˸ʣҪνĵֿҪȻǿǹˣ
ȥʲôϱŵͻȻͱʣЩ岻
ʱǵüĴͻȻֶ˼϶мѾѻǹָǵš


601 ѻڣȺ
ߣֻҪǰһǹӶǿ϶ҲñοʮǹмѾѻǹͬʱָǵţʱѹɽĸо
תͷս壬սȴЩ죬ſڱͬ־ǹԼˣ
Ȼս彫ǵԼˣȴս嵱Լˣһٴɫ˵ϿʣһΣǾͿǹˣ
ʱսҲˣһۣ˵ɽڲûգϽ£а취ѣҵġ
ˣ˵棬Щǹʵˣûиʲô֮ǰпܿǹǷŵϾϱˡ
Ҿˣ˭ľأ
ĻǼʱѵ滹˲ɣ
ϸһ룬Ҷʱ˹п漸˶ǸŵˣֱӽԵˡ
治֪ЩǣǾǡ
ղǸЫӵĸǣۿžҪɱ֣ʱ򾯲ͻȻˣǸһֱˣҪȻЩ֣ϾҴûи˽֣֪ӦԣΨһʶһˣһŪĸӵܵŷүӣֻչһ棬֮ϵҲ֪ȥ
ǸѻڣȺĽࡣ
Ҳֻܰս˵ȥ졣
ҿսĽǳǸ˵ϣҲʫȥһ黹ɾĵطǽ
ʫߵĺƽһ̣ǹһ˿ѵ΢Цȴۡ
Ҳ֪ʱһ飬ӣĳطٴβһ¡
ʫʮ־£Ҳ֪СôõĸһŮѡ
ֱ𽫱ϵ˷ڵ֮ս뻳ҪԼص֤ͳǿǣЩȴ羪֮񣬴ս彫ַȥ
ǽҺս嵱˼ΣյķӣΪսǴǹء
սֻֽ˳Ҹͬʱ˫֡
ûʲôΣ֮Щ˲һϣ˵ڵأȻҽеĶˣȻ˾
Щ˶ʦ֣ëˣ𷴿ʱСһﵹʹˣǸһЩ
ãʦһֱʵʵſǬУûʲô
Һս屻Ѻ˾ȻһȺ˾ӿ˳ǵı֮Уʫʬͳһ̧˵ܣ˾Ȼ
ʣµҾͲö֪ˣʫҺսͷϣ鷳ˡ
ȻҾȵļʱǵʱڵĹƶѾܻܲҲ̫
Һս屻ѹһ˳֮󣬻˳صĽͣȻǹʵؾѺţ⼸ĿȻͦıֱһ仰˵ֻҪҺս΢ЩĻҺǻῪǹǡ
ʵΪһߣΪͻͽңͽѲסҵģս͸˵ˣҪƷ⼸Ҳʲôرѵ飬ֻҪ룬һ֮ھӳȥ
һ⿴սһۣսȻ֪ʲô˼ȴ΢΢ҡͷʾҲҪ
ģû¶ġսʮּᶨĸ˵
˵꣬һؾǳ˵
һˡ
оɽǵ·Ͽߣư˹գ⳵ӵĲںһƬҲľɫҲ֪ʲôطʻ˴ԼһСʱ֮ŵĿĵء
Ȼų˱Ѻ˳Դϻһڲ֪
µĴǰߣϴӡ죬ʱһ̳ı׳֮С
еĻһͲսӰҲˣɽǣز죬ֻš
ս֮ǰҺܵ˵ǻû¶Щûе
һѡصˣݷͬһ㣬⻹Ҫһ̣ˣǾͻû¶ġ
οԼܿ죬Ҿͱһطͣ
ʱͷϵͷײűʱǰһε۾
ҷӦʱ򣬷Լվһ俴ҵſڣϵĵƺиƷ˴һ俴ҵĳţúҸ˽ȥ
Ҵʱŷ֣Һսֿˣûбһط
˿֮Ҵɨһۣ䲻ʮƽ߰˸ˣĶˣȫ߿˹


602 ɽǹ
ҲǵһνֵطһǱݺˣҲȥһΡ
֪Ĺأ˭ȭͷ˭ϴ
Ҳǣһ϶Ҿˣ߰˸ˣҾΪǿ۸ҵĻᡣֱӳſڵһ˹ȥǸ֮һδ󺺣һ⣬һ࣬Եʮ׺ݣ˿б۾ҡ
ҵĵطߵǴǰ棬׺ݵ˵
ǴЦһɨһۣʱҲſķСϲûκֽŶסˡ
Ƕʲô¶ģǴдֵ˴ߣһֱֿŽѾӣһб۾ҡ
ҾˣôͷһУϲٽѾӡ
㿴һͷѵôͨװϻ˵Ͻӷ𡭡ٴв
һ˵ЦˣķҲǺôЦ
һЦᶼˣ˵ôɵôͷһμģһϴ鷳Ҳ˵ϴͷǲǸ缸Ҳһʰ㣬㣬Ͻ¸ϴͷģ˵һ缸һ
ţһֵС̷֪ΪʲôѺ̷Ѻĵط͵ô
ͷûǣǳЦİѱ˵ʻҵȤΪɶأ
ɽǵĹأַ˴¶ɷһ㶼Ǵͷ治ʰԾ͵ȸɽǣʱûɶ¶˵ˣһСӾͲɽͷϻģǲءЦ˵
ðɣһǲĹأ˭ȭͷӲ˭ǹأһǶġ
ڷһЦһͨҵüͷɵ
ԳЦһǳѾ쵽ҵǰٺЦȻˣǶҲΪ㣬۽ŰĲУҪҽͷһ
ǳѾ治һĳֱ۾˱ǣ˼Ҷ۸زˣˣôһ²ס˵ĽŲӣֱӽӴݺݵˤ˵ϡ
Щ˹ûϵ֣һȫӴҷӵ
˫ֺһճһȭͷһЩ
ȻֽŲ㣬ҷӦٶЩ˵౶һ˳ҳҵһ˫ȫС֮ϣֱӴСһƺߣӾ͵˳ȥҵ˳ۻ֮һء
Ǽ˶ʱ˵ײ˵ϣ˳߳˹
µҲͰңŲĲܿٵŲ˫ȣγ֣ܴһЩϵģǱҴеˣڰСʱ֮ǲġ
Щͨˣһֻ֣Ҳ׾ٵʰǡ
ԣ֮󣬳Ǹˤڵϵͷ֮⣬ȫſ˵ϣֹ
ֳôĶҲûһӦЩ˵ʵǺúýѵһݺݵɱһҵ
˶ڵصʱǸдͷվҿͷ£ͻȻһĥ˵ˢ˵ͳҳ˹
СӵЩݾˢͷֱӳҵؿ˹ٴ׼ʱһ½ǴеץסˣȻ͵һͷһǲ죬Ǵƺһɫ䣬еˢҲ˵ϣҵһֻ־סĲӣ˵СӣûУ
Ǵеңȴ˵Ŀ֮ȫԹ֮ɫ
ϵأסĲӣǴеɫǵͨ죬
ӷûųȥˣɱһҲ޷ⶼҵģ飡
һ˵ţһ߽ϵأǴܵס˵ܿ޷Ϣˣͷ˳
֮Ǵһֻ֣˼ҵֱۣʾҷ֣ʱҲŽһڵϣСɵ֮㴭Ϣʮ룬Ŵ˵ǡҷˣ֣ͷˡ
˵ţǴԼмһ˹ȥһƨͷҿҡ
ҲǿֱӾͷ˵缸ԲסˣղһЩСʱǾˣԹԵ˯ñңҪȻ´ξͲôˡ


603 ʮ߸
˵꣬ҲЩˣֱӱ۾
ҲǶǺ޷һѣ΢Щ紵ݶҲܹġ
ϾֽŶ㣬Ҫǳ˯֣֮һЩ鷳
ѵһҲʲô۶ˡ
֮Ҳû˯ﻹЩϰµġ
ɽ֮Уز죬սٴͣҲЩʩչҲսͷߣʺڵǡ
ͬʱҲʫ飬θС񽻴һ뵽ҾЩͷۡ
Ϊֹֻ׽˳ǣȴûеõ¹֮˵κϢҪʳЩʲôСӹƶͷˣòơ
ʵ鵽ֵزҲǸС˳𣬱ϾҪĶֳѾǸˡ
ǸţֻǳǵİףǳǵһѵѣҲҲǿп޵顣
ֻ㵽زѾǳǵĵˣҵĳС
ǣʫڵĹƶҵǰ̵ģԣǹԼͬҪΪ˸ۡ
ɱҷСŮˣųΪŰߵУǸ࣬˲Ǹ޴֪ж˻Ҫ
У֮ҾҪˣﻹЩţôЩ˵أ˵Ļ
ҲһҸеŵ顣
ˣɽǰ·һһɣȺúϢһ˵
ţҾ˯ˣһҹûٷκ״
һ˯˴һٵΪԽѧǻ۾֮󣬷俴ҵҲ˹һηĿңҲҿҵ۾
֮󣬸ȺȥϴˢҲ˹ϵӴ򿪣ⶫ鷳·죬ҪǵҪ鷳ֱӾͽЩˡ
ϴˢûжãųһηˮģȷʵôóԣЩʡ
صûжãܿһƷ˹ţȻǹʵľ죬ҴߣǴѶʡ
ѶҶһĵطЩ谵ͷһյǺĵƣǽԶǼ̹֡״ӿܴϡ
Ѷҵ꾯죬һȻҵĶ档
ǽҿһƺоҵĽҲѶ֮⣬ǹʵ侯վѶ˵ĺ档
жôңŻСЩܳ
ôҲȥ˳ǵı˼ˣͷѣҲڽŪⷬģɣ
ҿ֮һƷ˿һۣйµ˼⣬䡢Ա𡢼֮ģЩҲסҵ֤ҲˣֻʵʵĻش
һǸЩƫݵ꾯ʹ֮һ΢ֵľ΢΢һЦ˵㵹ǺϣҺڵ̬ȣϣܼȥмҪһ¡
ʣֻҪ֪ģһ˵΢Ц˵
־ٵ˵ͷеԲӣʵϳǵˣΪʲôҪܵɽ
ɽΣ˵ɽǵķ羰ܺãŮֶ࣬ɽǵĻ͹һٺ١ƤЦ˵
˵仰һԵǸƫݵľһӣŭ˵СʵһҪȻһĿͷԣ
һľһ𣬱㱻һԵ־ֹסˣʾָ΢Ц˵ͬ־֮ǰһϣɽǴѧһа˸˱ֱֽţǲģ
ʱǻмأģʱս˵ѾˣΪʲôǻʣ
鵽ֵزҲֻܵͷϣ˵ġ
ΪʲôҪˣ־ʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ΪʲôִˣӦǸмأӦÿˣǰ˸СåȵϷСŮҿȥˣżΪǲǴҰ䷢һΪĽ
һ˵һԵǸݸҪ𣬲ָȴһܵȻӡ
ݸǵļȻֵˣҲᣬ˵˵ΪʲôҹǱǴＯŶ³ǵļУͬһɱʮ߸ˣҳǵҲȻԣڻδѣ֮ʲôԹ𣿡
ʲô
Ҵһһվ⵽ʲôʮ߸ˣ


604 ûɱ
̫𾪣͵һ´ϲվǺڵϵӶķһ޴죬Ҳһ
ٶ˴һһֱվں侯սʿڶǹڶ׼ңһ˴ȵʲôϽ£
һԼƽȥ
ɱˣһɱʮ߸ˣɲǸСǰǹӶ׵ˣܲ
ҼǵϣҺս岢ûɱ˰ѵҼǴˣ
˱ƳƣҺսֱǵļ׵񾭣ֻʱʧȥ˷Һս屳˴ӱ߳ʱЩ˶ö˶˵ģôͻȻأ
ǳ֮󣬾ǸЫӵˣǳҵǸݹŵͽܣҪֵʱ򣬾ˣȻǸЫӵļһͱˡ
ȻҺսͱ׽ˡ
ѵǱ׽һǸ˲û뿪ǸַȥǱ˸ɱˣ
ⲻܰɣ
˵ĵҲ̫һЩôھƤӵɱأ
ҵúúһۣĸڳ⡣
ֻǲҶ룬һ̵ֱǸݾͻȻһӣŭ˵֤֤ȷţ㻹ɣ˵ΪʲôҪǱǼɱˣ
ҿݾ죬һ˵ûɱˣ
Сͬ־ú˵֤֤ȷţǻеƵ˺ͬ״˵ƵҪҪó㿴һ£־ɵ˵
˵ûɱ˾ûɱˣûҪɱǲǣ
־˵ȻӳóһƬƬôӦƵϵĽͼһһŸҿƬȫҳֽǵһ´ڵصĳ˵ƬϵӿȻЩװͰ͵ģȥͦ˧
ָǶҿһƬ֮ŵɱ˵ĶҲ֪ԲŻ㣬Щ㵱׵Ƶнͼģ֤ݶָɱģ㻹ʲô˵أ
ƬҴ˵ģǿ֤֤ɱˣɱ˵ƬûеĻϣǲҪѪˡͻȻ͵
кһЩüĿҸоӦǸЫӵ˸ɱģа취ЩˣҪɱҲ׾ٵģ˵ֶη˼֮ǰս˵ܹ˵һֵĹƣǶʱըһֻҪҪʱпܡ
οЫӵڱ֮УǾ͸пɱˡ
Сûа취ɱǣֻýʮȫŪȻ߼޻սͷϣ֣һڷ
˵ĻΪأϧʮ˸һҶ˵ĺּ˼֡
ͲҪٽƱˣûǽϵô̹״ӿܴϡʱǱ˾ֻ˲ɱģѵǹܣݸǶٴ˵
ûмʬ壬˾ôأͻȻһʵ
˹ģڿ϶йƳļУʫΪԣûбƳգҲһˣΪֻҪǲ㲻ٻˡ
û뵽һʳ⣬λ˶ʱɫһ򵭶ָǶҲһ˵ʮ߲ûԵˣʬǼ׵ܵشµһλŮߣڱһĪĳգѪҺʧǵ飬֮ǰʶЩˣҲûйΪʲôҪ´˶֣һ̵ɱѵΪڻһйͻԲ
üһŪ˰죬ǻԻңҸоԼЩٿĪˡ
ʱݸǶֵУ㾿ʲôֶΣǸŮʫɱģ¶ͨʲôķ
ظһ飬˲ɱģֻǹȥҳˣһٶѣһҳϣҲɱ֣ܲܲҪҵͷϣҳ˵
ЩˣְٿĪĸоҸ˵ˣ˵һȺ֮С壬ߣǿ϶ҵ񾭲
Ҫ˵ǶɱģǾ͸˵ˣԣҲ˵ˣ˵̫ˡ
ĿǰҲֻܼϣսǱߣǰݣϵ֯үү棬ͺðˡ


605 ʶ
ʵ¶治үү֣鵽ּѵĵزòѰүӵ֧ԮҲֻ˼ҳ棬ܽ黮صķΧ֮ڣͼˡ
Ϊʵ޷ǹͨ߷飬˵ֱ췽ҹ̷
ұտڲԣݸǶˣвҵǸͬѾйˣɱ˵ȫϣΪ˵Ǿβ㣬ʱȫһ˳е˵ˣлᣬڤ粻飬ҲȲ㡣
ҳһ˵ܴܲ绰
֮룬˶סˣݸٴ˵ô㻹绰ȣҲʲôط绰ܴģˣϽʵ鴦ˣ԰ļ˼һ档
ѾȷҾɱ֣¶Ұźˣսչ˵գֲɵӣôս飬սǱѾ鴦ء
޷绰Ҿıտڲˡ
λַըѶֶ֣ζˣȴһֶû˵
ҲûзŹңЪϢƬֱ̣һյر̨ƷҵǰεЩ۾
̨ƲʮȣһЩ䤱
㣬糿һֱϣһһֶû˵Ϊʵ޻˵
Ϊְ׼ӺѶķҾͻɿڣȫͳǰӥһİңǻǵ͹һΪߵʵ˵ҹ˯Ҳܹŵȥġ
Ͼҵڳˣȴ޷ᡣ
죬Ҷ¶ȹģûгԷҲû˯Ѷȴ˺üҸоϵⶼ̨Ƹһ㣬۾εĸֻǱ۾ǹҲ͸ƤҸоʮܡ
ʱսĻ˵ɽǣǵܴ󣬶ҵ˳ǣ൱ڼӵĵ˳ǵıɡǿ϶ڱңȴųܹӳһǮ
Ҹоҹ˺ڣǶʲôҲһֶû˵
ֱĳһ糿ҵͷϱͷףڱҹĵطʱվѾЩѣ۾ããһƬκζǱ۾оǰҲйġ
ʱҾ룬ҵ۾ǲϹˡ
Ǹط֮Ҹоֱһӣ뿪طȻɽ·ƣ˴ԼСʱ֮Ҳű˴˳
ҵĸ첲ǰߣ˺ܳһξ룬һݣǸݲߵģһֱ£ʱܳԼһ֮ǵݲֱͣ˴ӵ˳
Ҳ֪ԼںηݸղгӦûûгɽǡ
Ҫȥģ
ѵҪҸǹ˲ɣ
ҪǹҲֵطɣһֱ£Һ˵ص硣
ұų֮Ȼֱ˴ǰһ·̣˼֮һ죬ȻԴͷױҾͱƽһ䷿档
۾ǵյڻЩ㱣˺һҵ۾ӦĹߣЩģģ
һԼʮƽ׵ķӣĹʮȫǺģϸȥʱ򣬷ǽϾȻлƵķģһ
Ƭ֮ҳŷһ俴ȥһȥʱһⷿﾹȻһˣҿһ˵ʱҲĿתĿңĿǲơ
Ǹ˻ģͷӺܳϻһɳζҲиʮң϶ʱ䲻ˡ
Ҹ֪ʲôطһˣĴк˵ãģˣҲͱ˭ϴ˭϶ˣ̫ƽһЩ
Ҹʾãȴһ仰˵ɵһ˲˲ĿңЩë
λ磬ϿҸʲôϳˣС˳һ䣬ʲôطٴʵ
ǸĶҿӣЩ˿ǸɵӵʱͻȻ˵ˣЩ˻Ƶ˵ʶ㣡
˵⻰һæϸۣ˺һ֮ʼûϳʲôҴûмôʶأ
ĵɻұʵλ磬ϴ˰ɣ֮ǰûм


606 
ҶǸ˿ʱҲʮ׵ľ룬ΪԼ̨յЩۻԾԼῴһֱϸĿôôĺܣǶǲϴˣ
Ҫſ˵ЩʲôǸһͻȻԤ׵һֻ֣ҵĲץ˹Ǽһָ繳ָֺȻ֣һҵʱӦļʱֱ˫ŵĽżһ棬ԭĳȥһ׶Զ
ֻǻվȽŸǼһȻվ˹
ǼһһվʱҾͿˣǸ֣ΪԲͣƣҪҵҶʱɵˣõģŸջηʲôط֪һиҪɱңؼһʶ
ηܹˣҲ˭ϴ˭϶Ϊǰ㣿
ؼֽűصţ޷óȫ֮ƴ
ͨ˹лԣǸһΪߣǾ뻢һ㡣
ˣҲִУƾ֣һ䲻η֮תŲȥһ߶Ĺһߴ˵˵ǶкγԹҪɱңܲȣ
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ҷǼһָףֱӳҵؿھץ˹һкڻģҪǱץסҵ඼ñ
æһͦ𣬳һ˹ȥһһߴ˰Ҫɱˣǻû˹ܰ
ȻҲ֪ʲôطǿӦһηǿ϶˿ܵģȻ򲻹ˣֻѰɽڲûգҴ˶ˣҪη֮УҲ̫һЩ
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ʱҿţֻú˾һսˡ
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һȫĹһž죬ӿȫپ̩ͨ
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607 ɱֳ
Ǽһ֪ܲһŪɶ˼ɣһΣͼ˹ܿ죬ǵշһΣʱʧΣһΪշ䲻أʱһ٣ٴƣȴǸٴ
û뵽ǣǸһＴߵʱһһ׶࣬ʱײһεǽϣ˻ȥ˵ϡ
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Ҵһƣ˵ЦȻֹһ³һѪĭӡ
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ȥүģ죬ҾȻӿֱӱص飬ص˽ˣϷ飬ֻܹص˽ס
ͻȻ䣬Ҹоһ˿ϣ
ǣȻص齫ҸתƵǿ϶˽һЩԭίӦ֪ǱԩģΪʲôѺ֮أһֵ÷ѽ顣
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⻰˵һͷˮүģɱ˻ˣֵ˼ң
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608 ë˫
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ҳƬ̣ʵֳ˭ѵʬ֣
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¶Ȼ֪Ӧɱʬ֮ǰ׽ġ
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ǸԵĶһӣܿĳչֳĿ־壬˵ͷɫһ䣬ƺЩм̾Ϣһ˵ݺ˰ʬֿǽ֮һһĺ֣ôУڴţô
ţֻҪǵҵˣûк³㣬Ҳɱʬ֣ʦʬҲҵУһӦɱǣһʬֵϳһ飬סһɽ֮Угɶѵʬǣкüڰʬ͵Ĵ౻ĸĽʬСүһһƽˣһʬ֣Сү
˵ôϸëļһﲻɵòˣԴڿҡ
Ҿסͷֱ۾ٴ׺ݵʵǶ㻹û˵ֳ˭ء
ëҵ۾֮е׺֮ɫڣȻΪǶôǿ˵ɱʬĶ֮ﲻЩȻη壬Ҷһ֮ëŵֳë䣬ڼ֮ǰܵȸϵĺǰȥձ֮ذһҪ飬ȵ֮󣬲֪ȥ׽һɵаʱҺҸë䶼ȸϵߣҲ㣬һ췢֪ʱȸ϶չмӣΪȸյͽܣһһȥԸصˣҲӦ֪ܵ˰·ͻȻˮһͭǮɢ˼ʮöͭǮ˴˹ֵܵʱûзҲһʱ伸ʮ˱ڵأоҸë䣬һöͭǮüģ߶ûкһ͵˵ϡ
˵ëۿ˵ҺҸɽǲΪë˫ܣɽҲ쵱ֻҸһӢȻ޷һδɵСУʱûб۾
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ɿץסëͷ֣ȥЩԹֻǼʤʵô˵Ҳһصඣ
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ǸˣΪ˷ֹСٶ֣һֵȥصĴëĲϣҪιȥһֵȥëֻһ㶣ûȥȻЩεĿҡ
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һΣҼһֵٴοĲϣë۾һɣԴһᣬֱӳһԵ˹ȥ
СʵǿòȻˣǽϻųصСȫԸĶԸңҲһٴܹԸԣιȥõİ취
ȻСӲʲôˣ̵ɱ˼һڣֲʲôǰ£һ¶Ϊá


609 赶ɱ
ë˹ȥ֮ԼŲһвɵЩơ
绹СƵطˡ
Ȼ䣬־ЩԣΪʲôһӿֱתƵɽص֣һһ˹Ѻͬһη֮Уǲⰲŵأ
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ֱӴӿѺɽص֮Уǽֻᷢʲôأ
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һԭ뵽ǸĹţصйϵΪ˳ңͽصء
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һ˺ܶ࣬Щͷۣټظû˯ԴҲЩκЩסˣһ۱ҴȥëоӦ߸Сʱ֮ڲˣ˯һ˵ԺᷢʲôҲˡ
˯ʱұһ˿ѣΪ˷ֹͻбǽ֮ϣҾ˯˹ȥ
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ͷҶһʮеĸоһȴһһûС
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һſڣǾóһӣһѾץסҵ֣Ҳ֪ҪʲôʶľҪʱСֵ֪СͦԵҲҪʲôط÷ʵһҪȻĿͷԡ
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610 ѹ
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ڵҲһĨڣҴëĿеõһǳҪϢǾطɽصĵΣҼҪԵһЩרŴⰸĹҲŵԱԣҲǻĿŵŪҡ
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611 һ
ЩˣԣŲġҵ˵ţûκα飬ֻ뿴ҪЩʲô
ԽԽûе
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һЦ滢ģֵСĳǰʱ䣬ϵܻһĵĺ£ݺ˰ʬָɱˣЩͽҲƬײϳˣ֮ǰʬֵʦʬҲУССͣڽ֮Ͼ⼸춯صĴ£ϵ벻Ѱ
渵ҵɫһЩЩһ㣬ʮ˽ģڴ֮ǰȻҽһϸµĵ顣
ҳһټĬȥˣֻǵ˵鳤ʲôֱ˵УҲعĨǵģ˵ɣ㽫ҴĿʲôǴңǼѺң
˵ɫͻȻһʵĴЦȻŵãʹ죡ĳϲֿżɽֱӣȻϵֱӣĳҲͲٲҴˡ
˵գϵЦݣɫ㣬ɽǾΪΪʲôҪҹܵǼУͬһɱʮ߸ˣһˣ飬ǽףҪɽص֮²ô׵顣
ðɣ˹治࣬ΪתƵص֮УӦúܿˮʯģû뵽ֽ
һ˲˲Ķ׵۾˵ظһ飬ûɱˣʮ߸˵ûκιϵ
΢΢һЦЦЩƤЦݲЦ˵Щ鲻˵ûɱûɱģ֤ݣǱ֮м¼¼е̣ͬս壬ڱ֮Уһʮ߸˴ڵأҶǻǱҪ׵񾭣ģ֪үүǻصֵܸˣǷᣬʲô˷˷ҪΣҲɣ
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Цһ˵ҪɣǺãҸһ֪һѣһ𳤴ķС֣ģɽǴѧ飬һŮѽʫǵĽǮգˣͬսֱɽǣҹǱǼУˣ鱩¶˳ǵıڣȻü̵ֶΣһɱó𣿡
СѪˣеŭһӾʹǰҲʫΪ˽ǮԳһеˣǾ֮Ҳ֪ʫǱùƳˣףʫǸŮҲ̱ѾΪ˸˱
һŭ֮£ҵ۾ˣȻһƾǰϣŭ֮£һƵֱܴӽǰʵľİ칫һ飬ŭôˣǷǲ֣
һӵʱſȺصƿˣղѺҵ߾˹
һͷһ۾â¶ɱһ׺ݵĿ⣬ɵýŲһ٣ǰ
ʱͻȻһûҪǽ˭ģҹȥ
ԭˣҿһۣͷ˳ȥ
׶ҵıŭƺԤϣһЦеģûнʱҷǺЦô˵ʹ߳ŭ˰ɣ
һԼԼǧ˷磬ص鶯˵ҲЩ˵Ķ֣ܹԸǣҲһӲص׷ɱ
ҾǱģͻȻ˵ĻǾǻ˿ʺҲʺˡ
ԣһܷܸɱҵɡ
ϣƽһ飬Ȼ˵ô˵϶Ǿɱඣ


612 ˵˵
֤֤ȷ䣬㻹ʲôƱ𣿡ȣһ˫ĵЦеĿҡ
ҿɲ˵ݺأҹݵ˵
ǸһЦݣ˵ɽصǽ֤ݵģе֤ݶָɱģô˵УѾȷɱ֡
ѹеŭ˵ҲҪߣǸûŪʼĩäĿ˶ǸʬûУѵûзߵйƳ棿ΪԵӦʫˣش붼ѾƳգҺսͲùƣѵϹôԵ֤ݶҲǱ˸ݺģʫΪ˽Ǯĳǣ֮ǰѾƣԲŻأҵϣҵǸŵͽڱųһɫЫҪԸǣűߵģ
һ˵ô࣬ɲΪֻǵ˵ϵܣ̫ˣΪصʲôţԼǿĶԺ;ԣֻҪǷΪһɱ˳ϣصȨֵУ˵ʮˣȻʬʣõĽǵڸûκιƳ棬ǸʫڵĹƳ棬޹ҪˣʫɱģǵЩȴǵУһɣƵΪ֤˵ǲƶ֮һ˭֪أ˭ܸ֤أǸʬңһټʮؼ壬ѧӣԶһЩƶ֮ҲģϾǼǴģǵط˸ʬ֮֮⣬ƶҲ˲֪˲
˵׶һ£ս˵˵ǸЫӵĲݹŵͽܣѼеƵ¼񣬶ûз˵ټƵоֻ˶ѣ˭֪ǲƾһأԣǵĻΪţֻ۾ĶҪҲֻǷַӵ顣
˵ʱ򣬹⽫Ǹֵ˵ĺأΪҾѺͿ־塣
ŵˣɽطҪң練ƣ˵ЩҲȫţûɲţСӲǸյ˼ļһ
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ǿԽе鶼ԲƣƾҺս彫ʮڴڵأǼ׵񾭵ƵͿԸǶע˵ļ׵ǿ̱ģҺս嵱ʱ൱зִģֻɥʧ˵ֿû֣ΪǶ֪ɱǷģЩֻͨˣûбҪɱ֡
׿϶֪Щ˲ɱģ˵ڹң϶ͼ
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Ǻܷѽ⣬׵ΪʲôҪôɱʲôô
ֱĿףóɱﵣ˵Ƿǲ֣Ͳүү鷳𣿡
ҡͷ΢Ц˵ϵܣȻҸôôĵˣɽǣУߣЩ鶼ǺϷģүүΪصĸ߹٣Ӧ򣬴ײǣҺΣ
׵仰УҸȷһ飬Ǿȷʵڹң϶Լɡ
ҳƬ̣΢΢һЩٴƽ˵Ǻðɣ˵˵ˡ
һ֣ЩԵõ˵ϵܵȷǸˣ֪ĳһˡ
˵ţͻȻվӣתһ֣ͻȻǿڲƿˣҿڲĶʱ򣬲ɵþվѿڶʦ֣
˿̵ĶʦֱһǸһοյĲʣǽҲ֪ǸʲôǸӵΧżɫͽɫķʦڳ˯ҵĺ֮ͻȻ۾߿һۡ
ٴκһʦ֣ʦƺоЩˣȻվӣҪһӵıԵӵΧʱǹһ˸һŵ⣬ʦֱ㷢һʹİ
ǣҿʦַˣһ±ĳ죬ͱһȼٴγӵıԵײȥǸûãʦֵһײӵʱϵĻϨ


613 ʶʱΪ
ʦʼ޷Χķˣصİɪɪ
ʦֱһ޷ˣٴλȻҪ׳ɱȥʱһ֣ٺЦϵܣҪǲĿһЩվﲻҪҪȻ㲻ˣ
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ѽѽû֮еĺֻޣȻһH֣û޵ͷߣ̫˷ˣڣܹôϾͿڳǺܲģҿ˵ձ֮أɹĸʬģʱգ޽ǺĸȫħҲסˡ
˵ţֳȥĶʦȻҲǿҵĵִһ˫۾ǵĿϲлڶȴϵķһδεϨ
ʦԴӱҴӻ֮дʱ򣬾һֱߣνǴ粽룬һϽһɢ״̬Ӷ˨ʦҲͨ˴ûн֮ǰӽʦֵһȥʦҲûжŭֻе֮ʣʦֲŻлľٶɱķ
˵ʦ־һֻޣ˿ȴ֮УžҾѹ
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վһ׶Ūһʦ֮ٴγ˹˵ɽǵĵؽ磬صĳ˵㣬ҵУҿҲҪʾһһŵɡ
ôȦӣлֱ˵ߴߴСүûȦӣƵ˵
׵֮һĨɱâ©һ̣оϵĿֲսȣʤһ
Ĩ׹һţֻܿǸЦеģ˵ϵܣôĻأ㷸ɱ֮Уأ㻹һ·ǾǱ͵Ϻϣ㲻һܰȵĶɹһӣ˵ĲһأֻҪǱ϶ˣû˻ųҲ˵ǿ˵ǲǣ

Ŷ죬ս˵һ죬Ϻһĵ֮ϣصõһܹѺߵļѺȫǶӯߣǸطߵجΣشȫãã󺣣Ǽ֮߰أȫķ󣬼ǳ˳Ҳܴɳ
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ȴһȻڲӦҪ󣬾ʱ䣬߷飬үү֪ұѺ˶ϣҲܲʵ飬ҴӶͷų
һ룬⣬ƽϢһеŭ𣬿˵˵˵
ٴεóѰЦˣ˵ʶʱΪܣҺ㰡ˡ
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վҵǰ˵ʵҿޣʵѵõޣҲ˵ѰԵִĻ֮УܹҲһܹıԱ꣬ѱҺã꣬пܱѱ֪Ҫѱޣ϶һķţֻҪ㽫ѱ޵ķŸңҽ޸ңҾʹӦȥ㿴Σ
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614 ǳ̲ϺϷ
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ҵȷЩˣϵЩǿүĶ֪ͷˣÿһóǶǽƵĴɱ׼ٴĵӣҲҼҵķҡүүҪ֪ⷨˣ϶ŪĶС
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һжҵ֮УǸҲҵ֮ڡ
һƶƴ֮жһųը죬žһȫѪһӿµӲһҰ˵ϡ
Ҳ࣬ûзóȻһȫƣǳ˴⽫ײһ飬Ӹǵ˳ȥݺݵ˱ǽϣ³һѪӳ滺䡣
ȥһ֮һת˵һѽϵ£мİ˫֮䣬ϸ𣬸оϵѪܶҪ챬ѿһ󺰣һһ¾ͽס˫ŵӸקˡ
ǲһӵ˵ϣ˾һ㣬оתҪһͷԵȥĸо
һΣǽ̵ľʹˡ
ãϵӻھֵʱ򱻴ϵģûʲôĲãֻһͨҪصϵӵĻ¾ûˡ
Ҵ˿һϣΪһ̣û㹻İգҲ˴⡣
ڽϵӱק֮ſڴʹ˼ٵĽŲҪ˽ˡ
ҸƬ̵ԥק֮ӱԱһǺصų˹ȥ
ҵſڵʶСӱ鳤ʲôҪæ𣿡
˵Уžͱһɴƶһ£ĵסţȻ㽫ŴҾ㹻ʱʰס
˼Ʋţ㿪ʼҪײˣײŵһ̣Ѿҵ˲Ÿˡ
ʮֺأרԸߵģ򿪡
洫ˡۡײ죬ԽԽĽŲ߶
˫˫Ŷ⿪ң뿪ţ׿˹ȥ
СӸղųһƣ˵ĿɲǲᣬҸ浶ǹĸɣйȥʮУȴһˡ
׿˼³һѪĭӣԭĶŵģʱͱޱ׺վҧгݵ˵ôﶯ֣ѵͲ𣿡
£ҵȻ£һϻȪСүҲÿȻҪңҪñ˺׼ҳ˵


618 ɻʯ˫
һС㣬ԭСĻôһֱҡԽ˵Խŭһһͦıֱ
˵ƶȻʶһ飬֮µףҲҲݺӵǿ֡
ͻȻѣԤףһ֮ضûа취İ취
׸뵽ɽصĵΣΧ֮ڣȻͻ𷴿طȫɽصĸ֣Ϊ֮ϣһǿ࣬ΪҲĶ֣Ż˴⡣
ˣСӻҿһȽϲǾǽ͵Ѻɥ
ʼգҶУװӦöʦָס
ɵĿһ׳ɹҵСͻ᲻˵Ҳûи׵ʱƭҲᱻʶƣ𷴿
һϣҶ飬ʵղŻģѾˣڷƽ
õģһһͬȪ
һжҵġ
ԭûôӡ
ĻЩף΢΢һЦ˵үģôγңҪĻ˭㣬ΪСôʦֽ㣬ܻ
ٴʵЦҲҡͷ˵̫ˣܹħɱʬֵûô򵥣Ϊܻ뿪ֱǳΣ
ˡۡŵ죬оڲ
ұҪЩҿ֮ǰ£ȻΪҪЮĳ룬뿪
ԣûʱﳶƤԼȫʢʱڣ뾡콫¡
ǺһΣ˫ƾͳ˹ȥ
һƣ׾ˣħһҲԲοˣȥһ͹Կ죬ʮУʱŷСĺǿˣҹʮУ˿Ҳ·磬󻹴һɻʯҴ˹Ҹ˳ȥ
ҺҷӦʱǷɻʯ˹ȥǷɻʯǽ֮ϣĦһ⡣
ˣӽĺڲ֮ǸõҪ࣬һһһͳ˹
ƿǺڲͬʱҳ˿˱Ķʦ֮⣬һװҸַǬ
Ǭһϲˣһ
˹ʱһ־ʼǬеͭǮȡϵͭǮܵ˷ǣ̴ǬбһĨâ׵ĺ˹ȥ
ƺоգ׵ĽŲһ٣ֱͭǮ˹ȥ
һ죬ͭǮһţһƫ˹ȥȻٴαҵķǣҵС
ŵͭǮһѿڵɽ
ðɽбͭǮʹ
׿еǰͭǮ֮ٴ˸̰ɫ˵ΪһټʮңӾʵóһ͹ۺˣͭǮҲҪˡ
ȥôˣŰռҵͭǮǴ˵е̰ᣬ治֪ôɽص鳤λõģѵϹ
˸ŷһλײͭǮֻһѽܷӳͭǮΪѶʵ̫Сˣʮƽ򶷶Եʮӵǽʩչ
ҵĵԴԴϵ֫ٺ֮µԽսԽЩһǣֻϵء
ƴԵʮִݣ״ˣƵǽǡ
ʱͻȻе˹
һһСӷôзãѵҪȭͷҴ
ӳȴұ˼ͭǮһһ񵲿
סΣͻȻٴηѣһƿ֮Ҷҵͷһ׵һķɻʯٶȿľ͸ǹӵһ㣬ŵҾ͵һòǱǷɻʯǽں͵֮ϣŪһ˵죬ϣȻһѪɡ
Ǳ첽ұ˹еķɻʯϣ͵һһ׵ʱͻȻֹסƵķɻʯһԾһҵϡ


619 һ
ղһĶʵ̫ˣӵһķɻʯЩӦӲϾ
ԣ׳˹ʱҸûʱӲѹ£ʱжһλεذף͵һ³ҵĲӾ
ذҵʱͭǮֻ˵ϣ鼱֮䣬һǷӦ˹һ־ץסذ׵ֻӣûذҵĲϡ
ȫƴһѾȫӶ͹˳ǴѪҵϡ
СȫҼŭˣھҪɱҡ
Զ򷢳һǿһײ϶跨ǵصš
ڵÿһÿһ˵쳣ھڸҽ֣ÿһ룬ұΣһ֣һ򿪣ɽص˱һ룬ʱҵмƻҪڸ֮ĳԹҪж˿顣
ұѹϣӶãеذȴһһҵĲӿ
ΨƴȫţŲᱻɱ
ѾЩˣƴϼ˵ΣգҲƴŵеѸնɱ
ҸоԼһ̣Ҫϴǿѹˣһɽѹҵϡ
Ѿƴȫ޷ֹеذ׳ҵĲһһĿ
֮ǱذѾҵĲӣۡ
Ҵûиоô
޳СˣҪϵһһιҧгݵ˵ţĿ׺ݵһͷҰޡ
ҸоذѾ˲ϵƤʱһûԤϵͷˣʱ׵ͻȻϢĳһˣȷе˵ˣĹȣ˿һ׳ȣ׼׵ԴȻ޷˵ȥ
³־򸾸˵ʬֵĲлĻ꾫һܹٴδгܰңȵĳ֣ҴΪԾǰʱ䣬һ跨ͨûзӦصʱҵǰ
һҪɱңĻϵͻȻСȣһû뵽Ҳ⡣
һȴʵʵĴ׵֮ϣ顱һ죬һž˵ϣԴ϶ʱѪֹ
һоүּһڵϴصĴϢ˼һϲĿȣ˵ȡôˡ
СŸ硭Ȳܴʱ̫кܿµĶҪȥˡЩʹ˵ţ϶ʱֳһɫѪ˿ȥЩ
µʲôɽص飬ķרŶԸЩΪߵģ֮кܶ˶аֶεˣ˾ͿЩ˲òȲŻᱻЩķ
˵ʱæߴȸϽ֮УһǱɽص˷ˣȿ϶䲻úá
ȹɵĳҵ˵ͷȻѸٵĻһѪɷ֮С
ʱſһۣѾҵıˣ͹һصǼֲ˶ˡ
вЩ֣̿תͷһۣڵϵףвЩСӵԴϱҳһѪӣѪɸͣСûأҲ֪ûн׸Ҫˣһĸҡ
æ̽һ׵ıϢĶʱͷСӻĺúõģϢ㣬϶ˡ
ٵߵǽǴҽԼǬϣװŶʦֵģȴͰһ㣬޴ֻ֣ÿٵĳһӣֱӲ䣬ٴγ˹ȥ
СӣҲǺ͸һѴӵϳƣСӲתѣȻҾͽͭǮĲϣ˵鳤ϣһ£ҪǸˣУôŪ㣡
˿̵׽ܵشԴϵѪоҲֻʣ°ˣСӱҴ֮ȴһмЦ㡭Ϊܴ߳ȥɽصԳķˣͻûӳȥһˡ
Ц꣬һֳ˹ȥЦȻֹ֮ޱȵķŭȻȴ޼£ҵͭǮͽĲӣֻҪҶ̾͸ĺܡ
ڴʱǵܴݲеĳҲ֧Ųסһɽ죬ֱӵſڴһӿ֣ǵкܶˡ


620 ΪΪа
Ȼɽصĸ֣һӣصǽ͵ɢѪһ¡
ǵϵѪһûҵģȫʳġ
ɨһȦ֮Щ˵ĿղҺ׵ϡ
ǸСһвôĵӣ֪ʲôطɽص飬ҪĻصλҰĵطϿ콫鳤ˣڸҺΪУ
ȥͷϺôһñӣҲˣҪ֮ǰҷǵ˲ɡ
ڵңоԼһ֮ͽ˭ôסҵ·Ҿ͸˭¶û
ΪְԱΪһ˽ȴҪ߼޻ĹףԵϵɽװô䣡
ΪΪа
˿ҵУûħ䣬뻹֪ݣƴɱСӾͽϵƤҪɱңһҪ֮дĻޣҪһвѴ֮
Ը˻ԣǶԸͲУҪҪҵҵĶһҪۣ
һֱͿСӲ˳ۣ˿˵ޱȣһֻͭǮ׵Ĳϣһֻסļ򣬲
װЩĳЩɽصԱô˺Ųɱ
Сӱ˵Щʲôʱ򣬴Сӵվһߣ޽Щ߰ףȥиʮ꣬һ˵Сӣ鲻Ҫô嶯ֻҪϽ鳤ˣһжûκõġ
ӦǸߣǴ˿̵ҲЦ˲˵һ׸ˣתֹͻһôôŪô
ڳˣҳԼ֮⣬κһˡ
ЩɽصˣҸأɽصЩǷ֮ˣǱΪ飬Ϊʼգֻصˣ׺ĸ£ֵ˭˭ֻܽ˶ҵвǲÿһֻܵ
ҷǻȥˣȥ׵汳
Ǽ˵󣬻һ˶ڷŭĽţ޲вңҸϽ׸ˣߴߴզզѣһŤ׳
ҵһ飬¶һĨ̵ЦȵСүˣ˵һ飬˶˺󣡡
һȣӵĻͻȻһЩû˺һ
ǲݵǲˡ
ͭǮֱӳ׵ĴϺݺݵĲһû˵ĽǣֻǹᴩƤѣȻзִ硣
ˣڱһȥȻ൱صģȶˣѪֹҺܿ콫ͭǮ˳׷һЪ˹ĲҽӾҵĲţôӸλ϶ûгԹĿͷһʱȻЩԳܵġ
ĴȴγʱѪ˳ͭǮελ˵ϣұٴν˻׵Ĳϡ
һ֮ɽصǼʮ˶ɫ䣬˵
ûмҳôݵˡ
Ǽȥûмɽص׵ĺˡ
Ҫô͵
ʱѻȸֻ˳صĴϢ
ô˵һΣٲ˿һΣҾ͸ĲӣǴԣ׺ݣһһɨһǰЩˡ
װһȻˣ˵ûС˺Ƕǲǡ
һΣ׷ˣЩ˱㲻ٲ׷׻ŲŽŲ˳Ѷҡ
ЮףӭЩ˻ĳȥһ߳Ѷңұ׵ͨͨģҹȥ
ˣ׻ǲĵȰҵͱ׷ˣ߳طҲӲɽǣȰǷǺúõ̸

װѻ˵꣬еͭǮһεļֻһѪӣ۵ٴβҽһټ˵ˡ
ת׻һСӺա졭ȥͨ
鳤⡭СЩΪѵ˵
ҵĻ㶼ô㰡׷ŭغ
СӲҲֻøһ˺һ߳һȶȥͨĳڣֻҪܹ߳ȥЩجξǽˡ


621 ıó
ΪˣӦúйǣԭвǰҲһϧôͬǰ棬Դίȫ
Ǹ߿ˣҲˡ
ЮһһﻺУЩȻںˣ۾ȴһֱĶңֻҪиǾͻǶһ˺ƬҲ˿ĵġ
һȣӣ˵жôĳΪ˶ߵĺÿһıһ㡣
ڣһ֮ǰһǵһĶǵݵ࣬߷ֱһȣЩȫɢݵ࣬ŵ֮⣬ȷҵİȫ
УǲҲ׷׳ȵȥ
Ю׺ܿߵǵԱߣ״򿪵ݡ
ʱѾڳһֻס׵Ĳӣ˳㽫еͭǮ׷ɵ˰֮Уҵͷ֮ϡ
ֻҪ˭ҽ˵֮ǰ֣ҵͭǮĴǣ˭˭
ҵͭǮͷ֮ϣʱ򣬻ǽЩɽص˸һ˶Щ𾪵ĺˡɽ֡
ܶ˶ͭǮɷɽĿǰ˵ѾڽϾˣүǸʱû˭÷ɽ˿ҵͭǮֶڰ֮еʱ򣬶һּɽ𾪸С
ָоܺãҲǽͣ϶еѽǷɽĻǿ϶ʮּɵңӵĲˡ
ǵݷһ춯ǰͣݵŻ򿪣ɨһͨˣͻȻͿǸСӵϵһıóѰЦݣЩѰζ
ʱôֻ࣬ҪҽݣﻹɽصϴЮ֣ǾͲôš
һҵ˵ϣҪЮɽص˸Ūһʱ״ΣȻ󽫳ӿһشѾˣƾڵ֣ȫѲҲҵһȫĵش
⿪⣬ȻҴûѧ֮ǰһŮһЩļɣֻҪǿ̫ԶӦҲûɶ⡣
һжҼƻڽţЮ֮ɤ۵ǿһЩ
ұװݣŵҲӣֻҪԲ⣬ұһѪ
ݺܿ͹رˣڵݹϵһɲǼ䣬ͨߵ˺ܿٴηӵȴҿһĿҴһһŷ쵱ʧ
΢΢Ļζһ£͵һ֪ǺܿҪȥˡ
ڵһһɲǼ䣬ͻȻŵһʮֵζζԽԽŨȻ䣬ҸоһɲԤң̧ͷȥͷϵ͸ͻȻƮɢһЩɫģǺܲԡ
ʶһʱ򣬱֪²վмˣֲ׻˵ûһץܹӳΡ
ôﶼвãƮɢĶܾҩֶҲİΪҲã֮˵ҩǶҩΪҲһǲܽһɱ֮С
ʶģҾȥǬȥѦС߸ҵĽҩܲܿסҩҴ˺͵һʱͻȻ;Դ˵һ죬ŲЩվȣһֱЮŵף̱Ļ䵽˵ϡ
ףһŵҩ֮󣬾Ѿ˹ȥ
ҽŲһģûվȣʱѾͣһжģģȫǵӰҩЧѾʼˣǺǿҩһֳֻŵݵǽڷ˹ȥŵǣݵ澹Ȼͨ˵ģҵһݵһ棬ʱһֵĸоҵȫ
һ̣׻һеķиѪҺȼһ㣬һξԵȥ
һɵʮǿͨ˰һӵĻƵܵһߣҲסǿĵҲ˵ϡ
ãֻһ˲ܿʧˡ
ҵڵϵʱ򣬻ʶĳǬȥϣܹҵҩ
ȴšˡһˣҸӲȥٴ׵УȻ·һ
ҵ˼ԽԽģҲʹ˻ȥֻǿ־֧š
ոȥһĵݣֿʼ»䣬գۼĹ򣬵ֻصԭλãȻݵŴ򿪣һȺ˾ӿ˵֮Уǽ˵׸˳ȥȻмĿ׺ݵ˳˹


622 Ҫɱ
ʱҵʶѾģ壬˶Լио˳ص˼ţҲжۣȻһŨĺɫûҵʶѸٳȥһͷֱӻ˹ȥ
ҵʶٴλָʱͻȻΧΧźܶˣڼҵʲô
һЩȻ˵СӵʲôȻ׺ɽص췭ظɽصԴӽûгֹ顣
ϣ֪С׵ĺܣǸͽɽǴＯŵܳ˵ǰ췢飬סǸ֮УСӺһͬҹ˹ȥɱ˳ǵһ£ܹʮ߸ˣǺ䶯ɽǵĴ󰸣֮ǰ˲Ŵ첿תƵɽص飬Ѻ֮У鳤ʱСͻȻѣ֪ģס鳤ֳôĶ˼Ҷˣʵǡ
˵ҲŶ죬׵ţСӵλ׽й֣ա
СһſҾˣȫ˵ҵĻ׵ƲһɶԵľϲ⡣
ǿǾұҩŪ˹ȥһʱѲԲŻǰ޼ɵҵ顣
ʵүŴİٶֵʣҩһҹãʱţҵѪҺԼڵĶأԺܿ˹
Һ˵ʲôϵˣоǸǱһģҵλɽص񻹲ͣҪܹһˮʯһоȡ
Ҳȷֻڵϼװŵƽȣǲͬʱһ΢Żһֽţʮ΢ʱŸо˫ֺ˫֮ѾȫסˣӦһַԽԽǸĽ쳣ͣⶫסǱѿˡ
װһھļ˵
ƺЩͷ˵ȱ˵İӣȸ˵˵˵ݣʲôҿõЩͨÿһóԳƵˣ˵϶Ҳ򵥡
ϡ˵ֽ
ʲôϸûѻ˵һ˵˽һʱڽ֮½ĺ֮㣬ħɱʬֵǸ
ӦӦСӴʱ˵ѾЩˡ
ϳһ˵Ϸ֪ǻصֳӣʬҵĺˣɲ򵥰ƾЩ𽭺飬һǿýʿƳƿ٣˲׺̵ıͽǣǲǸˣǷͬСɣһм©ֳɽصܳܵ𣿡
ϣֳܿӶƫ̻ɣǷᣬֻҪǷ˰˭Ҳϵɱ˵֤ȷ䣬ƵΪ֤֤֤ڣǰ϶飬ҪȻҲὫɽصûнɱѾܺˣ㽫͵ϺѺأû뵽ͻȻͽ鳤Юˣһ˳ҪţͽɱˡСߵ˵
̾Ϣһ˵ô˵ҲͬСɣǲܵģǲϸһĺãϷ֪ϳǵˣΪʲôܵɽһأ
ϣ֪СʢһСɽǴѧ飬̸һŮѣṴ̊ͼ󣬸˳Сҹ˳ǵı֮Уһ٣ڻ֪¶˳ǵıڣСһŭ֮£һͬһɱʮ߸ˣҪſڵı˾˾죬ǻѾ֮ززˡСӼ˵ҵĻ
ǸϵƺҲЩ̫ţ˵ϷܾӦûô򵥣ֳΪصĸ߹٣Ӧüҽϲǣôһ׼ء⻹벻ͨ
˵Żʱֻáۡһ죬صźһ߿ˣҸоһ˳ҿٵ˹
鳤Сӳһ
أҪɱһݺݵ˵ţҾС֮Ϻݺݵİһţصײǽϣ۵ҷһƺߣҲװȥˣ۾һҪҵı飬һƣͳҵźݺݵ˹


623 ˭Ѫ
˫˫ŶţãһҪҵϣǿ϶ԽӶĳҲǺ޼ңЮʱû˺üһصһơ
ڵһƣ϶Ҫɱңһ֮ǰѾ
һҶ˱Ŀ׼Ȼʱһֻɿݵһץס׵ӣһƾһʮ׵ʱͱסˡ
ƷӭϵƤһ
˳ˣ׾Ȼǿʵ
׻ͷһ֮ŭգݺݵ˵ϣʲô˼һɱʮ߸˵ײ֮ͽһЮص߼ԱļһҲҪ𣿡
鳤ҽﲻˡҲֻ͵ϺȥѺѾƷˣ㻹ҪɱĻ¾Щ˵ȥ˰ɣϾ
ȻմȴҲ̫֣ջһϵ֣Ҫһ㡣
ҿŴʱףϵѾ򵥵ĴˣԴϲźһɴʹҲˣ·ʱһȳһյģֻǸղصһƣӦ˵ĺصӣ˿̿ȴ˺ܶࡣ
һ㵹Ҹе֣ѵʲôٻָƵҩɣ
׵ĸҲǸСӺĵİһӣ׵ƨɵ£صĴϢš
תͷǸϣҼһʼȰ˵ҷúǸͷ˿ȥиʮңް߰ףҲһɫɽװ˿ܾ񣬾Ͷ֮䣬ʾһʮĸ֡
һʼһ˵׵İףղ˵ЩʱٵĺøУղҪͷȣѾѪ岽ˡ
ȻѾ˹ԵЩͳˣǿǽǣӣ׺ٺһЦ˵飬֪Сүڸսݵʱͽһˣڿ㶼öģһΪһأԭڲϵʱҲŵĲ˿ӡ
㼥׶ʱϾ͹Ҳסˣ̣Ҫǰҵ߰˻ˣĻҧгݵ˵ϡ㿴ûССж̫ˡСҪǲɱԺǻ˵ã
飬ҪɱΪ˵õҴӻĻޣΪɽصĸˣϧ߼޻գ㱰ɵĹص飬ֱǶصһ裬涼磬ֱһ棡ֱʹ
סˣһ߳ŭվͨ죬ЩҶŭ˵㡭СӼֱѪˣΪ˸Լѣֻԣʵ㣡
˵գٴγ˹ʱһΣҵǰ˵鳤㶯ôĸλʲôȻ˵Ǳԣ㣬Ӧǡ
˵Ļױ粵׵ɫٴ䣬Сӱйһʱ䲻֪λشϣֻһٴϡ
ϻͷһۣ΢΢ͷȻתͷף˵鳤˵ôİӣӦ֪ͨһǣǹͬΪδ˶Ѻڴ֮ãһûУҪֳôĶһ֪ɣ
׵ɫЩ粻Ƭ̣Щҵ˵⡭ҲżܾԾǰԼһ£ʱϳ߹ˣʡ˼鷳뵽СӾȻ˵Ϊص黹ˡ
ϵɫһüͷ΢΢ٴοҵˣ鳤˵Ŀʵ飿
ҺǺһЦ˵˵Ҫʵ飬ţ飬֪ǵЩ²ɱģȫ˹ƶƫƫϣвңҽƻ޵ķţһ͵ѺҪȻɱңһֱУҪһֱϵ죬Ѿϣ
㡭Ѫˣ޷ٴδϻȻ
˭ѪӦôҶ췢ģ˭Ҫ˵Ļѻ׺䣬ú𣿡ŭ˵
һ㶼׷ģΪ߶֪ڤڤ֮Уһǣһ˶ģҪܵԼ
϶ҡ
һ£վɫĿҡʱתͷҵ˵鳤̰ͼǻޣ֤𣿡


624 Ǹ
ϵĻǰҸסˣһ£ܿһۣǽǵĳطһͷһѶﶼҪװͷģԱԺȡ֤ãһɳﶼУĲӦҲȱ٣֤ûУӦУвҵʱ򣬾һѶӦͷģҪ뿴֤ݣȫԽʱƵ¼óһ£ûУ֤¼ˣҪôҸɣ˵ͷˣó˿Ҫ˵ûУ֤顣
˵¶ʱ׵ͷϵĺˮð˳
ܲôֱӽĺ·ˡ
¼Ҳó
ɫӵˣƺѾеèתͷȥСӣ˵գȥѶƵóһ¡
СӻһһһףϣѶҵļ¼װǰ컵ˣһֱûüޣҲ֪طһǲܷŽģԡ
հѻ˵꣬쳤ЦᶼЦ˳һɽص飬ҪĲţȻôҪĶ˶ޣƭ⻰Ƕ˵ںСǲǣ
ţƵװȷʵˣǰ컹ڱޣһֱûü
ˣͻȻŭһŵջһʣµĻû˵
ʱһֱףǵɫ׳˼֣ϣ˵ϣɽصǰ㾴мӣɱʶ̧٣ңǲඣԸһſڴƻƵСҲһص鹤˶ʮ꣬ҵҵصԱվصһߣվɱһߣ
治ɫֻ˵Ϊһɽص£ӦñַϷֻ֤ݺʵ˵ĶϹ
ϵһٸޣصԱıɫִΪΪ˽
˼ңͻȻԼоˡ
׵ɫѾڵĲٺˣƶըˡ
˽ֲµʱٴα죬һɽװĺһ鳤
ͷϣȻ˺ɫŭ
˿첽ߵ׵ߣС˵һЩʲôҿԭͺŵ˲ͨ죬ĺҪŽѪһӶƺ΢΢
飬Ҹо˿϶Ƕ˵ʲôܲ顣
ܿ죬˵ˣ׷Ŷ˵ǽ˵Ҳڡ
鳤ѾſˣǲŰǸһȵ˵
׶ʱЩһ۵ǰϣֿһԵǸСӣ˵գȹѺ棬ҳȥˣһټ
˵ţ׾Ҫߣȫϵ˿ո֪ʲô飬첽ͳ˹Ȼȴɵҵǰסյȥ·
ϡΪѡռ
û˵˭ܶҪߣȹϷһ˵ϱݣվȴһɰֱųţ϶ʾһŨصѹ˲Сһʱмѣ֪Ǻˡ
һӱıŭ֮ɱ֣ԭߵſڣܿ۷˹ߵߵʱɫֻ˵ϡദôˣ˼ҾͿһͬµķݶϣܲ¶һҴǰ飬˵Σ
ȻǲΪվһԲȻǲӡ
ϹҲסˣҧҧȵˣ
һ£ſڴͻȻɽصĺ֣һ¼
ϳſڵЩֿһۣ֮мӣֻɫͻĸ֣ҿ˭ң
ĸһ³ſڴǼ˶ʱԵЩ˵Դ
һʱޱΡ
Ҳ֪ΪɶͷΪʲô˾ǿҪҲɣҲܹڻңάһʥĶǸ壡
ͷǸֵˡ
˲࣬һ
ۿ߾ҪײͻȻһٵĽŲڻҵ˵׳𡭡ȥ鳤Ĳ棬ȥˡ
һ˶ɫףһ˲ϾͶ˸־ʵı飬˲תʹࡢᡢ


625 ͷļ
ױɫҲɫ䣬֪ʲô
ҿм߳ӣվϣڿ˵ʱ˲ͦıֱǿʲôһ㡣
ҲرҪ֪ʲôˣųӵģ
ѵǡ
үүˣ
һ뵽ĪһҲǣүүǻܸˣüʡݵĿӣ֪Ҫ׸϶ټȻɽ棬ǲզ˵Ҳ׵Ķͷ˾Ķͷ˾˼һ˵仰ãҪɽص飬ЧͲһˣٴһѹˣܽСֱѹ
үүҲǵõһЩϢģ֮²ŻԸ
һ뵽пүүӣĳſڵķȥ
ʮ֮ͬɽװ˳ſڣЩɽصվֱ壬ΨΨŵŵĺ׳á
ϸȥ˵ʱĪ־һ£˸үүȴһˣǸүүΰƽһҲʶһɫɽװŨüë۾ȥиʮ£һӢˣȷǷžһٵģ
Ȼ˲үүҲҸоϲ֣ΰƽ;У޲ñȥڡ
ѽҵľˣһ̣ҼĲӯˣһֿܵǱҪ޵ĳ嶯
ԽʱԽǲֳܱųһ棬һҪǿֱͦ塣
Ǵ档
ΰƽǸɫɽװ˺ޱĳ˽ɨһۣǸɫɽװϵʱҶʱһֱĸоӾͦĸֱһЩ
˾Ͳ֮ܳΪˣǸеĸ֣еս
λĳ֣Ϊ֮һϡ
ܿ죬Ʊ׾ͷӦ˹˫ֱ֣Ǻɫɽװ˹ȥһĵ˵ԭصֵ쵼ˡʧԶӭʧʧ
ȥ
ʲôүүĻѾܸɽصˣΰƽȻ˾صֵܾ쵼ֲŵСӶ˳
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ΰƽһʼʱ۽ǵ⿴һۣܿͶ˹ȥȫһ¹ģ
֣һʮӣǺɫɽװܾ쵼ûиֵ˼ֻǴһźͷļǰһһʮϵ˵׷صֵܾǰһɽʮ˲Ұİӣϣɽصȫϡ
׳һǺͷļ΢΢һŲҲЩģоһͷҪԵӣټǸ⣬Ҳ̶õģ˾òҵѼˡ
ˣ׻ǿ˵Ȼܾ·ɽصԱһȫ񣬲쵼
ǺɫɽװûһףǴΰƽֱǰŰ칫˹ȥӣһһȫ
ΰƽͿң˵ɱɷ𣿡
ǰȸ״ǡɱ˷֮ǰɽǰһͬò̵ֶһɱʮˣ֤ȷ䣬ƵΪ֤糿ʱ򣬴˵ΪĿ޷ȣ͵ϮңҴˣҽЮΪʣҪ˴ɽصԱŬ֮£ſס˾棬¼ù鰸񼫣ˡ
⻰˵ΰƽüͷһʮֲõ˵鳤ûȫ֮ǰҳΪˣ벻Ҫһһɱ˷Ƕأ㶮
һŸһ죬ͷǡ
ʱһǸɫɽװ׿һۣ˵˵Ҫһͬôһɡ
׽ƿҪˣ˼ɣݺݵһĭ˵ǡѺ֮Уûüҡͽ˴
˵ţ׳ʹһɫʱ˳ȥ˴ԼӵĹ⾰һ˱㱻ܵѶҵͷһûϳѪģѵս壿
Ǹ˱ܹʱʶƺЩģˣѪ߰ߣʮң̧ͷʱһһ۾˳Ǹ˾ս塣


626 Źһ
ڿҵս֮еŭٴڶֽŶһֽķţ˹ȥڵһٱˡ
˵̰ͼƶʦֵķԲҵĻսʲôʲôԹȻ˶֡
룬սۣΪ˶ȡʦ֣Ѿ˵ˣһȡ˿ƶʦֵķţսҲһɱ
զ˵սҲϳصĸˣƽȴõ˲ƽĶԴܲŭ
һ̣ŭٴοףʱ׸ҳ߿Ѿһš
ϾҪ¶ȴĽһС
һսģзŭӺΰƽҲĿ©⣬һҪɱ˵ĸоǴźɫɽװ쵼ףɫҲΪãŨصĺüëһ˾Ϊ֮һ
鳤ΰƽ˵
ܿ죬ɽص˾һӣսķȥ
ս֮󣬻תͷһۣȻ˺ۣҲѪһƬȴ΢΢һЦЦݲЩҵȴڰοһзģܿͻȥġ
սӣвΣԭûʲôϸģȴһɽǣĥѡ
Щʵĺһ硣
ս΢΢ͷܿתͷȥڶΰƽס
תͷףʵ鳤ô¶ʲôʱص˽̵Ĺˣ
˵ܵͳκȴκηŭԸױĻңͷ󺹣˵֮һصס׳¶Ҳ֪鰡ֵµ˴İɣģ飬һϳͲһĴ𸴡
֯޼ɣֱĿ޷ͣҿ˵Щ˵ĸ£ԺͲôصˡһޱӣ˵ÿһ仰
һ仰ͽЩ˵ǰ̸ˣȴʵ
׵һΣҶԣվһĬ
ʱ׸ɿһٴε˵ˣɽʮ˲Ұİ飬һ䶯صĴҪҲصֵܾ쵼ɱ˶˰Ŀıǽ֮ԷȲԩһˣҲŹһˡⰸӸϵشǲ˽飬صֱܾȻϳͲصֵܾܷͥС
ܹ⻰ר˵ģҲɽص飬Ȼ֮ǰѾ԰˴µ˽⣬ΪҺսԩģһɽ𻢣һľʾá
һԵҪСһֱţƾ͵̱ڵˡ
үģãղŻҪɱˣСҲⲽصʱ򣬿ģвˬ
ʱΰƽͻȻҲˣǳʵ֮ǰһϣս壬ǱɽǰǴＯŶ³ǵı֮У˳ǣɱıںһˣܹʮˣ𣿡
¶ҵȻϣӣɫ֮ǰȷʵϳص鳤սǱǵļУǲҪɱˣЭϳص鳤սһڹƶ˵İӣҳϣһЩһѽ֣֮ǰ߹ƣҺ÷ֵļʱƶʱγҪȻǣе֪ϵĹƶйأǲɽǣҺ鳤ĵ飬֣ŮʫҲͬ˹ƶһֺƣһֿ˼άƶѪҺ๴ˣʫʧǣԳأΨǴӣ䱾ĸԸҺ鳤ԶǧɽǣΪ˲ࡣ
Ǳ뵽˳ǵı֮Уܿеߣǻ׽˵е࣬ҳģ˵¹֮˵˭Ͼ͵ͻȻͿ°ĭ²ʡҲ֮ǰ¹ƵģʱȽϻңϴһЩҶѦҷιƶҩǷ£ûеɥ˾ȵˣһƳ棬Һ鳤ΣֻôųǺʫҪ뿪ǵıȴıȫƳƣǱ֮£ֻȥǵļ׵񾭣ɥʧսŴӱ˳ſڵʱһɫЫˡ


627 ֤
һ˵ô࣬ǻԭֻ࣬ǻûн˵꣬һ˷׶ʱ㰴಻סˣָңЩ˵㡭ȫǺ˵˵ɱ֣Ƶͼ¼ǵɱ֤ݣſڴƻƣԣɣ
˫ִһʣҪ
ʱͻȻһӣ˵鳤Ȼ˵ƵΪ֤ǾͽƵóɣֻ֤ݲܻԭʵࡣ
һ£¶һ˿֮ɫСȡһͶӰǣĵƣͿʼһ¼ݡ
ǶƵǽֳʱþҺս嵽Σʱ֮ڴﲻϵŲŽŲһҾͳ׺ݵ˹ȼսӶ¥˳ʱս廹˵һҪЩ˵ļ׵񾭣ɥʧսһƵԼң֮ڣ֣ʮȫſڵأƵʾЩ˱˼׵֮󣬲ûеֻɥʧսڵ
ȻҺս߳˱Ĵ֮ڣƵ˽
Ƶ֮ٴαѻȸĵƱ򿪣»ָ˹
ΰƽ׶΢΢üͷС˵ЩʲôҲû
Ƭ֮ΰƽ̧ͷһףͻȻʵ鳤ʱսֻǴǵļ׵񾭣ûΪʲôͶ϶Щ˾ɱأ
ƺЩЩֺ˵ɽص̶֮ЩʬʬʣЩ˵ȫΪ׵ܵصˣȻǲûеɱȴֱɵģһǲġ
ΰƽüͷ˵ȷΪ׵µΪɽص鳤참꣬ѵûпЩ˾ٶ쳣һĿͣ˫Ծ˹ƶ֮ı֣սɱˣα鷳нУһһʹ죿
ȴǲΪȻ˵ΪʲôõҾͲö֪ˣǵðɣһǱȽŷҽĻȻҽƶЩڼµʲôνĹƶǾ֤Ǿɱ֣Щ֦ĩڣء
ΰƽ۾һУƺҪ
ʱһԵΰƽļٴζ˵ǷҽɽصģйɣҪ
һ£ƺ͸еˣصҽɽصģھͿ֤
˵ţתͷԵСӷԸһС첽˳ȥӦǴǷҽ
ʱѾ˼ƽϣȻǷҽɽصˣǾ׵£֮ǱΪ飬϶׶ƺ˵ġ
ǲԼΰƽι϶еƵģܹϴˢҺսףҪȻҲóȻǰ
Ҿ;Ŀװȣܹʲô
Լ֮СӴһ״ӵҽģ˹һϡ
ΰƽλͬ־Щʬʣ
ġǷҽȥиʮ֪꣬ǿصֵܾĸ߹ЩŻԵʣ˵ʱЩ
ȷʮ߸˶׵µЩɲѣغΪһصķҽһҪԼоֹ𣡡ΰƽ˵
Ƿҽ̧ͷһף׸תһԡ
⡭ʮ߸֮Уһ˱ȷڹƶΪǻ֮ڵʳһ֣ǻʱгʮˣȷʵڼ׵µǷҽЩĿƵ˵
ûмǵԲûбƳ̾ĺۼΰƽʡ
ǷҽĶͷðȴҡҡͷ˵ҿ­ˡûûйƳ̾ĺۼ
ðɡȻ˵ͼǵöԼи𣬲Ϊ˽һᰲٴζʬһεĽʼ飬Դ𣿡ʱһֱĬ׵˵
һǿѹ˫ƽĶǷҽ
Ƿҽͷϵĺˮʸͣ
˺һ֮Ƿҽֲ˲ͷϵĺˮ˵ס׳ʬ޷ٴνˡΪЩʬѾȫ𻯡
һҵĶʱ˰أСյ˼㣬룬ж֤ȫˡ


628 һ
ⷨҽ˵һֱŵΰƽˣ͵һӣŭ˵˭ôģڰûи֮ǰǾ͸ţʬ壡
ǷҽŵһЩϵȥЩֲͣ۾ʱʱĳ׿ȥ
Щٶһбèΰƽ᲻֪
ǶгǸ֮ˣûеơ
ʱ׸ɿһͻȻվ˳˵ɽص飬һ֤˵ʵΪ׼ֻҪ֤ʮ˽ΪսɱһоѾ㹻ˣȻѾȷɱˣʬȻûʲôôˣߣⳡпһֱ̾Ӵ֣Ҫһ˵һҪʬȥᣬⲻΥֻýʬˣҲǷɡ
ʱ׼ȨУľʧһɨգȥЩԵΪԼһж޷죬ܴ©Ǳ˺˵ʲô
һ㲻Ұļĸо
涼һֵֽľ֮ٴαһĬ
ѻȸ
Ȼʱʼնû˵ս壬ͻȻһֻ֣˵а취֤Һס
˻һȫһ㶣Ŀ۽սϡ
ʱս峯׿һֳۣһ˿ЦݣͻȻ̧һֻ֣Լ¶˵ϵһжһӣǸҪĿӴһȦһװõĶûʵá
һֱڷ֮ڣǷģⷭҵĻͷֲˡ
ʱսͻȻʱҿ׵ɫʱ䣬ʶľͳս˼
ȻʱվսߵҲǰ˼վսߣױ㲻ٶˡ
ս彫Ǹ֮У΢΢һЦ¶һڴ˵Ŧ¼صװ˵ܾǱ߸ոзûãңһ¼⼸е¼ڳǼе¼һж棬ҿһ£ܶӦûϲġ
˵⻰ʱսŰ׿һۣ׵ҲͲסϢٴδһ¾ͳս˹ȥҪսеǸŦ¼
ڴʱһµսǰ棬ʹһӣһС־ͽ˵ϡ
뵱սóʱӦõһ۾ϳǸʲôԲŻ˼ҵķӦ
Ҳ׸ս˵ʲôñսŦ¼¼
սóⶫʱҲһüһֲսһֱտڲԣгģԭһơ
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ԭϵǸҽױסˣŵĴϵɫʱһƬࡣ
ʱսϲΡΡվٴοһŤףͳΰƽǱ˹ȥǸŦ¼ݸ
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Ȼΰƽ׼õıʼǱ򿪣ǸŦ¼ʱƵ˳Ȼ¼ʱܳ죬һȥҲûǸʱ䡣
ԣΰƽֱŲŵģһβŵҺսڳǱе¼ʱĳѾҴһԼݹţʫС¹Ƶʵ֤ȷ䣬ǰ϶顣
󣬾ҺսڱſǸúɫЫˣԼùƿסеˣ˹ƶ飬ʱս֪ģһ飬ʱһЩƣսǶһ٣ʵս֤࣬ݣҲΪԺѰҴ
ֻҪ¼ȫ֤ҺսףʱѾɽص˳˹⿪ϺϵʱҾûһᡣ
Ȼɽص鲢˶ǱΪ飬˻Ǻõġ
ʱ׻ΪԼѣ׺ΰƽŵ˵⡭ҹϵʧ󡭡û졭ҴˡҲȫҰ


629 ë
СӰѻ˵꣬ոڳңûľߵ׵ԣ̧ͳϺݺݵ˦һơ
˵ϲһ˦ȥ֮ԭͲôÿһƺţ˼ţ³һѪˮ
үģһҾͱŪСүˣһȻʰһ˵֮ǰѾʰˡ
һȥһòޣҪһٸһƣʱΰƽͻȻСţעһ£һߴţ黹ûдء
ΰƽүү飬ҲܲٺһЦһһȺĺϷ
ֱҴһƣǲ޺޵ĵңҪɱҡ
ֱӾ͵˻ȥүģб¹ҧҰ
ΰƽǸŦ¼һӵ죬һ֮¼תһЩΰƽһ£㲥˳ĶԻġ
ףԵϵɽװôԴӽصһ𣬾ͷҪ壬ΪЧȴٹ˽ΪֻޣȻ֤ݣ߼޻ĹûУ
һҶʱ䶼սġ
Сհ׻һ֣⻰ôʵġ
һƺߣսȻǱصĴһȭȻ׾Ц˵黹õָֻţǵ֤ѾʵˣӶȲǣֻҪ˿ƻ޵ķҾȥȪ·ʱʲôԩȥȪ·ϸү˵ȥɡ
һϵ죬ּأսһֱţͣʱս廹һ˵סˣұ֤Ϊ鸶صĴۣڻü
գСӻǲʵҺݺݵĽѵҲûϵѾˡ
õģ鳤ͷİɡ洫СƵЦ
ɽصˣСգһӾ͹˵ϣʧΪԼ׳⡭һжָʹôɵģ£ĻҲҲ
һֱ׵̾ϢһЩɸֵĸоĵ˵û뵽úһɽص飬СŪ£㻹ʲô˵ġ
֪ͷԷˣֻǺ޺޵ĵңҧгݵ˵û뵽׻֪һʼȽɱˣ
˵⻰ôôأ
һŭҷǲˣ׺ٺЦƵĻʬҲ˵ʬҲ˵ֻϧûɱңҸɱˣҲ⣬ô͵ɣ
⻰δ䣬ǡͨһղǸҽҲ˵ϣĨ˵׳ҡҲǱƵİʱʬʵʱߵ﷢˹Ƴ棬ײ˵˵˵ȥҹص飬ԺɽǶûҵ֮Сҵ
˵ţǷҽһ͸ϴֱӹΰƽ׵ߣǸϴǣ˵ҡҾ֪ᶫ·ԾͽѾЩĹƳ涼
ΰƽӹǸϴϸһĹƳ棬Ҳ˹ȥǳӱͨëëҪСһȦȴɫ˵Ĺ졣
ΰƽнӹǸϴϸһۣЩ˵⡭Ӧǻëƣ
ΰƽɫһݣʵ鳤⻨ëǸʲô
ȷе˵ǻëеһ֣һҲ̫˵ֻëǸֶĸʬĥɵķĩַƣַܹͨĩһ굽˵ıǻ֮У˵¶֮¾ͿƳ˳űǻһֱ֮УӶ˵˼ά蹷һ㣬һ˵ĴԻܵصˣò˰Сʱ˾ͻŻëһͬ˵Ǻޱȡ渵
һ˵Ҳһëƶֲ̫֮ˣ֪ʲôʱͻУҺҺսûиǸЫӵļһｻ֣ҪȻ֪ôġ
һ֮ױ㽫ǻëƵʬۿɽصļһۣĿ׵ϣŭʵ鳤ΪְԱٹ˽߼޻ıƺ֤ȷ䣬㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡


630 ħ
׸ЩǰΣȴλصֵܾĴǰ¶һĲΪˣλصֵܾ鳤
˵Ҳ֪鳤ʲôһĹԱܴӣΪүүΰƽҲһСĹ١
˿֤֤ڣ˼ǣߵЩ˶ˮˣνǽƣ׿϶ûˡ
ҲûʲôҪ˵ģΪ˵ɶûˣֻŸԴһʡ
ĳĬ״һӣ⼸˶ҹѺɽص飬ոһѺصַܾͥС
һ䣬Щɽص˶ʱһϣɽصļ˵ϣֱ廨˳ȥҵһѺȥʱǻѪŵʱ򣬻˺ݺݵĵһۡ
һʮԹɻص˹ȥ
үģˣըëŪҵˣĸҸŪˣϼ

ƵʱСүһʹһ٣ȶýˡ
عԼһۣ˰һȭ֮⣬Һûʲôرصơ
ʱһգֻʣصֵܾסΰƽսң⻹һɽصϡ
ҶûиףɽصǸʲôݣҪλ˼ҳ棬ҹƺѻȻо֮ġ
ˣǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨û˵ǶԴ˾Ǻһᡣ
˶֮ϲٴ̾Ϣһ˵ǧѷɽصİ࣬ĳҲ޹ⰡҪֵܾ쵼Ͳʰˡ
ʱΰƽͻȻӺ˳סϵ֣˵ϣãζҽֳ˼ұʾĵĸлҪ˼ҳ棬Сž鷳ˡ
Ȼȴ˰֣ε˵ɽص飬ϷҲΣʵǲҾӹ⻰Ϸհ
ߵϵǰľһ֣µ˵ϣлһСŸж
æֽס˵ʹðϷȻþɽǣǽŻܹһЩģСӵͷʢ˲ٺ䶯Ĵ£Ϸ룬СӾʲôͷ۵һ治ͬ죬СһˣɽصŪļɹٴһ㣬ɽصʮˣûֹҲ㣬ҪСӳ棬ɽص⼸ʺ֪еʲôʱ򡭡
һ˵˺ЦЩ˼Դ治֪ǿػǿء˵ĸоҾ͸һħƵġ
ʱΰƽҲƴڻ˵ļǣСֵߵָ꣬ʵ˲ʡģֳ챻СĴӵۣһΣҪֳй϶ֹʰǸ鷳ˡ
ЦеĿһۣ˵ҵĺˣѣһǽ·ƵνȮӣǸ⺢ᣬݵʶֶΣϼһﶼ磬һˡ
Цһΰƽ֣صĸҽһǰλȲܾ쵼鳤
صܾΣӸλԭĴǲСģֻһʡֵ쵼ܴ顣
үүӵұϢ֮Ϊ˱Ǹ鳤һ绰ΰƽͬһǰͬ¡
֮ǵ׻ʡصֵ˽ףһܹ̳ԲŻֱӽصֵܾ˳棬ɽصֵЩѹ͸
գ֤λ鳤ǿһɨɽصİ࣬ӵѩҺսһס
ΰƽҺλ鳤壬˵˻үүһϲ£Ǩˣֱȥصְܾүүһ£Ҳհ죬κӡ
ĴܱҲɵӣĺһ塣
λ鳤һֱһִɽһȵϢŭЦҺʱ򣬻Ǻܸ˵ģصҵļ˵Сӣܿ㣬ôûȤص飬Ը߸ţֱӽصֹܾСڵķչԺǰ;
ͻȻôһ䣬Щ֪ˣһ£֪λش


631 ˮʯ
׿ԥһ£Ǹʮĳ±ûټ׷ʣֻ˵鲻żһʱʱ俼ǣʲôʱصܾˣ͸绰ʣµͲҹˣȫҰ졣
ȻֻǼһ棬ҲǺӵģЩܳĸоҲӦʾԼһؿǡ
˵ˣҼүӾûλִ󷽣һʼүү˵Ҽصʱ˵Ҵ֣ȴһİԱ𣬱ս죬СУȻһ²ܻ쵽ս𣬸˵صܾ֣ȥˡ
˼һҼˣҵǲүүӰ
һﺮһ˴˶ϿƺҪģ˵Ҫȥһ¹׵飬뿪ˡ
һߣұȲΰƽӵʲô·ȥӡ
ΰƽŸҽ˵λϣңɽصһ鳤ֻݶֱ꣬ص鷴Ƹ˻ɽصĹһְÿֻ࣬ҪĹɣصˣԽϱȽʸһصԱʮַḻĹ飬ȻΪҲǷͬһ㣬ɽصʲôرֵİӣһ㶼ϳһͬıߡ
ɽصԪϼʾɽصҲ٣ԣ󲿷ɽص˶ʮأǵɽص鳤ףҲҶϲ
ҲҿصһȦ־ǳ˴£˵һҽٳɽص鳤ΪȣȰҷ׵Ю֡
ֻǵʱΪǸһģûȰɽص󲿷ֵ˶֪ʲôֻ߼Ƚŵù֪ҵ顣
ͷ˽һĻڵ˶ֱУû˷֮
ҪһֱףѾȥʱˡ
жңΪ˹Ǹֵ𾴵ˣҶϵӡ
ĵ磬˱Ĳεս壬ϣҲæߵߣеʵ磬ϵزذ
սһۣû˵СӾȻǵңΪǰҸء
⻰˵һźߣ˵أ˭Ҳ㡣
ΰƽ֪Һս屻ɽصġ
ʱΰƽٺһЦս壬˵Ҫˣҵ֪ͨңҽ˵ļΪأ˵֮ǣֳܿ;еè鳤ɽ˳רŹӡ
үүΪʲôûǰΪȴǱȽæüʡݵص飬æĲɿپǣүүֵĻЩѹ˵ζǲ룬Ҳһ˵ĸо
ʵΪ˱ӡ
һҵܹ⣬ʮƵǣս徿ҵʲô˸ΰƽ˵ߵսʱЩصһЦ˵˾ɽصģһʽɽ֮Ǽ棬֮ǰսҲᵽȥǼЩװҲǸṩģɽ֮Ϸһ֪
ʮֺ˭˵Ҫлһ£սȴҡҡͷ˵±Ƚϵ͵Ǻϲİ˽Ӵ
Ȼս˵Ҳǿ󣬷Ҫٸʵףֻա
鵽һѾˮʯҺսڿˡ
˵ӵ治ùÿնĵкü춼ûмˡ
ս屻ĥ죬ԶЩƤˣǺأǾͱɽص͵ҽԺʼƣҪü죬ҪסԺ۲졣
ϵûʲôˣǶʦֻǸǸʲôħ֮ڡ
ɨһȦջڽҵ˱Ķʦ֡
Ķʦֲûг˯ƺɢϢʮֿ־壬һֱһ˫۾š
ߵ˶ʦֵߣҲû̫ķӦ
ȻЩʦҲŬֻħϵĽ̫ʦֲûѳŪ˺ۣԶʦֲŻֳ˵Ŀ־塣
ҽǷħϵŵļֽȫϸѰһȦħܹ򿪵ĵط˺һûзʲôڣоһƵġ


632 ħ
ûа취ûа취׺ΰƽұŷħüչģ˹üͷ˵ùҿ
̧ͷһףħûɵľͶΡ
ŷħϸۣ۾ĶŶʦ֣˵ǻе޻ޣ
۹⣬һ۾˳ⶫǻޡʵ
㻹ȥЩŵʵ
ֵطգéɽڵҢˣҲǰνʮȥ޹飬֮ϣȥľԲᳬʮˣܲء
ҽӿڻشһԵΰƽȴǺЦСӵӴĳ棬ֹȥ͵һ˰һȥ޻أֳòա
ûΰƽĻֱĿңֱüһܹȥ֮٣ȥһλ͹𾪵ˣȻܹ͵һ˰ƾһ㣬Ҳ°ͣ¼¶Ҳһ˰ɡ
ȴ֪һܹ쵽Ҽҵĸүү͵һ˰׾٣ֻǸүү͵ûðˡ
㿴Һһƺ֮еĵȻ飬֣µҵļٴ˵Сӡ˵飬һҪصĿһ¡
һ£ЩãȻ˵ɶ¶
˵ɶ¶ĵ죬صֵܾ顭ΰƽһۣǱЩĽʺޡ
ˣ˼ЦЦæתƵĻ壬ϸܲܽħ򿪣ʦֱˣҲ͸
л޶ʦ֣һƱ顣
ٴβ˼ͷ˵ʱ˳ģСһҲãһֱˡ
ҡҡͷϸоǷħϸӵĹ⾰֮󣬵׽Ƿħ˰칫ϣ˼־֮ǷħĸϿٵ˼£Ƿħ뵳һźˡǲһ죬̯ȥ
ħһ̯콫ޱ
£Ҳҵ飬ٵ֣һ¾ͽʦֱ˳һʦֱ̯ķħֿٵ£һ˿Ϸ죬ָһһ㡣
ħҲһͦķֲöʦ޶ܹ
ӳħĶʦԵЩֲ̿˺ۣЩ֮УҺòװһʦֲų˯ȥ
ˣǺ͸ǼһһŪҲͰˣҵĶʦҲŹ
ʱҲһ飬塭ˣصָδã
£׵üͷٴЩΪѵ˵Ҫ˾;صĸ߲֪ݺǲдһ̣ҲҪѺڶһӶٳ׵Ҳ򵥣ɽص鳤ص־ֳͬʦܣ׵Ǹʦָүүͬţɽƽ̵ͽλȨأڳ֮ϻȨܴǳֱ׵ĻнܵһӰ죬һ޶ۡ
һ˵ҵԴʹԭصҲôƵèֱˬϲľĹĶǣٹ໤ԼһɹˣܲԼҲصԭʲô鶼ܵ⡣
׵鲻ܹҵģδҲصԼ顣
ƺҵıЩٴ˵ģĿ಻ܵģصܾһְִϢ
ҵ˵ͷûжԡ
ʱͻȻԵЩΰƽԲ鳤ȻѾһˣǾͳȥİɣڻкܶɵ㣬ܲһֱĵ´Űɣ
⵹ǣҲкö춼ûмˡ
ʰԼеķȫһһһ飬⿴һװȵǸһа֮ұ㱧˶ʦ֣ҡڴɽصγݳŵȥ
ݵʱһЩ£۾һֱͨڣʲôǵݵܸǲҿ±絽
Щһҧʮ¾ˡ
ɽصǹɭϵģֲ˵ûһܹӳȥ
Һһӣǹ˳ȥ


633 ɵ
һֱ˺üӲŵ棬ڵ¼ףоӦһĵ¿󾮸ɵġ
ɼصЩΪ߷ǶôܣһصץסҪôҪôһӶѺţΪΪһߣͨ˵Σʵ̫ˡ
ǳҵĲݹţɥĲһزĻһҹ֮䣬¾ׯ˹ƶڻ¡
֮ͨĲ̫ˣԲŻصصĻԼǿˣҪȻ綼ס
ŵݷˡһ춯ǵ˵棬ڵŴ֮ǰΰƽݸһīʱһů
ֲ޴ܸүү飬˼ܣЩСϸڶ뵽ˣ֪Һü춼ûм⣬ͻȻĻ۾ˣܵǿҵĴ̼ä
Ҳû˵ɶΰƽٺһЦī˳ȥ
ɽصͨεһ¥ݼ䣬εĺܺãײᱻ˷
¥ݼ䣬ǰߣǾһ֮С
طصЩһʽİ칫¥һжԵʮֳ¾ɣȥۣܲصһԼʲô黭ԺʲôĻоأʲôйϷоԺױϰպԵĵλòۣʵ涼ǲԻ֮ͨȫ硣
һ㣬Ҳʶսǵʱ˽ġ
˲࣬ഩɽװʱǰ׳㡣
һ˳ʱڴҲˣ׺ΰƽĴкһʮֹԵЩš
صԺʱþͿϣƺѾȺʱǳ֮󣬺ܿӭ˵쵼ˣһͰ참ΪⷹҪһٵġ
صľѲ࣬ϵĹʿ϶Ҳû٣ҪԼ˱ʾлǱҸõĻ꣬һ߳һ졣
ȻӦ˵ԶǿͣôͳԷ˵ɶҪ
֮£ֻøһϻĵӣһż
׼ضļƿҺǡ
һƯķԱӣ½ͽСˣɫˮڹ﷭ڣʳָ󶯡
һ㺮˼䣬вˣһߺСƣһ߳ŻͲŸˡ
һʱڣҵҲǴˬ
һΣִӹŹؼһǰ⼸˶ҵľˡ
Ҳûɶ˵ģɽүǺþƣΪ˱ʾлÿ˶һƣıӣһƣһȦƾ˶ǣʱûģһˬ˵á
ô죬ҲûԹЩˡ
ߵθڶĳ棬С˰ﶼŲˣ϶ʣ¾ˡ
ƹѭ˹ζһﶼЩ⣬ЦףҲ˼
ʱ̸ݾͿʼתƵ⡣
ӻɵûн⿪ʱǳİףҲǸݹŵݣҵڶûŪ
ʱ˵ɫⶼЩء
ؼǣһֱаƣҪ˵ǲݹŵֵʱ򣬹ƶͻȻ²ʡҸѦС߸ķƵҩҲ˰֣񣬳ǶȻ֮УҲ˲̶ͣȵˣȫΣܻܲһ¶
Ŀǰ˵Ҳֻгһ֪ǲݹžʲôںδݹ´һ޴ǲĻ
ֻĿǰ˵ֻеȳܵõǲݹȷеϢ
ֻǳôһ¶ǲݹŵͽҲȥǵıǳˣҲǲݹ˭ҪҵҲô׵顣
ΪǲݹѾݾˣɵĻһֱ
ΰƽһֲݹŵĵطֲڻϷȴȴΪֵطȣʺó棬ƳɹƣڻĵĴʡϡ֮ضֲˣ󲿷˶ᱻص¼ڰҲһСɽ֮Уٸ˽Ӵ˲̻¹أвҲģͱһЩ磬ïܵҾǨ㣬Ѳ׽ǵټЩ˵кܶùƵĴãһʮǿݺӡ
صһֱЩϼӷС΢ֳʲô󶯾ȻʲôҲ㣬ֻҪ¾ͺá


634 ͻƵ
֮⣬ùƵ˲ǻĵǵһЩҲУԽϡΡ̩ɱǵȵأùƵĸ֡
ΰƽ˵ųЩǵĹʦ
ȻΰƽȴҸˣΪҵʱʳǵʱ˵һ£һ죬Ա˹ϵҵǸݹţҲ˵ݹſ϶йˡ
һģʱо鿪ʼЩˡ
ȻǻԲѣǿԴЩ¿ʼ֣һ̲飬ǵЩεѾȫˣǱƸŪģɸѯǲݹһѶȣˣҲԴЩµļϸϸ飬ĸµϼˣܼСΧ
оǣݹµĹƣҲһͻƵ㣬µơ߹ƣлӹƣеĹʦֹƶʦĴвһõĶ֮ҲǲһģһεС˷Χ
һߺȾһ죬ʰߣһ¾ҳüĿһָоʹƶСʫĻֺܿҪˮˡ
ҸصĿĲһǽһġ
ΪΪС񱨳𣬽˶ѡ
صľôֵܣȻͨĲͨǲұʲôӣǶֵȥǻļˣҵĵߣ˭ܴ˾͵Ϊ˸ۡ
һΣΰƽңԸݹŵ飬Ҳ֣ص˳ͿˣϾǴⷽȽרҵʱصһùƵĸרŶԸǲݹţҵΪȻԣǶַʤĹƶ֮ûκξ顣
ԴҲһʣûӦҲû˵Ӧ
ΰƽ̬ȣҼүӸ˳˵ƨɻûвɾأôүӽɣϴ󣬻үӻܹһ棬ѵһ
ΰƽץסҵСӣÿζүѹңΪʹ۵飬Ҳֻú첻Ӧ
پƣҲ˵Ĳˣ˻ʱ򣬷Ѿǰʱ֡
׺ΰƽҪܶҪ׵İ֮⣬ҪѰǲݹŵ飬ԱȽϷæҲûٸһ
ϵȥ˵ﻹһЩ˼ʮĺþƣҹȥɶȷͦջҵģҲܹϺˣ꽻ȴû˼ȥˣһЩĲסԺս壬Ҫȥæɶģߣһúú룬ôС˵ʫѾ˵顣
Ҳ֪ǸСʫǸ˵ࡣ
һС˵һֲ̣Ѫܵİǰ
С˺
Դʫ˳֮СоѾ޷صʹΪʫΪ˸һʮİݽŮޣ֮Ժ֮Уò˶ãСͻὫʫЩʹ¿ʼµ
С˵δⲻһֽѣȥʱһҪһҪࡣ
ҵҲġ
С࣬ҾǶʫһֲƽһŮҲϣСκε۵㣬ҲϣǼ֮κһĲ
Ǹ缸ĿеŮֵ𾴵ɩӡ
ãһǴСࡣ
˸֮ҾȥսסǸҽԺЩϹҵȥ̽ߵҽԺʱ򣬾Ϳսڲϣϵ˿ȫˣϸűЩģ
ҹսܸˣ˵һɽǣزģҽԺʶһˣﻵˡ
սһ¹ӵĺĻֲݹŵ飬սһֱĵš
˵֮˭֪СͻȻ֣µðһ仰˵ӵΪˣԺҲٲˣһнصǡ
ţսΰƽһУٹ顣
Ҳ֪ǶΪҺãҲûٶԡ
һ¹Ǹ鳤飬սڴ˳ֵĿ϶˵صְֵܾλͣΪҲǸĪ⣬صܾ֣Ҳʮֿǰĸ֣һҪұĴȣԺ϶ܹó߽ʱҲܸ
ս˵鳤ҽصֵܾ飬Ȼ֮ȴǽҴһ٣˵Ҳʶ̧٣ôõĻᣬҴˣԴصּܾȥ


635 үү
ÿ˶ÿ˵뷨սΪһβɴĻᣬȴôΪԼ뱻ң˲ǲڵӣѣ񲻿
սԹֻ΢΢һЦͳ˱ĵط
Ҹһۿɫʱҽӵһ绰ΰƽģʲôطʵش˵ҽԺտս塣
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻҲҪ߶Ҫҵط˯ĻԸҰţסɽصд԰ȫһЩ
ΰƽĵǲݹûɱǣһԸǣһС¡
˵ҪΰƽѣҲˡ
һ뵽ڳǵı֮ɫЫǸӣҾЩ˵ľͻҹ
ҽԺɽص鲢ǺԶ·ʮӵ·̣ǲݹŵͽܲôĵӣԼɣ
ҽɻΰƽΰƽңҽԺ϶ǰȫģΪҽԺ⣬ǸɽصĹϵλҲи߰أõİȫ⡣
ˣҾͷˣΰƽҸսպһҹʲô˵˱ҵ˵ط
ս⼸춼ûô˯þԵʣͻȻ˯ˣҲΣϹһȦԥãͽֻ˳ҵүүĵ绰ԥ˺һŽ绰˳ȥ
ʵүү绰һʼǾܾģΪ°үӵ
ǳ˲ٴӣʬ֣Ȼûãڵ鷳ζǲһ͹ҵˣȷʵ˼ʡġ
һҪүӻȥ鳤ߵɾִˡ
绰ãͨˣǱתӸүӵģЩ⣬үԽӵĵ绰ʱûס
̽źһүү
֮Ǳ߲Ӧһ²ĥ˼Ҿ͸֪ôˡ
һٵĺá
ҸɿһջǾԼϴĺã˵үүԲס˼ˣָ鷳Ҫпգȥʰһٵˡ
СŰû¶үүʲôǸүүͦæģпʰ㰡үǸ²
үүлֱ˵ˣôĴ֪˲ӣȥϾɽʱɱʬ֣ûãɽŪļȮһŪҪ˼ҳ֣񹤣ָͽˡЩĵ˵
ΪǼƨĻܹүӸţֵ֪һٳСӣ첻ѧСʱúѧҲ˼С־ǿһѧʲôģҲүү·㿴СӶõʲôݴʣɶд񹤣óͲҪãҵ챻㶪ˡ
ðɣҳѧϰãҲûϹѧүҲڶôλɣ
Ц˵үүСʱҲһɰѧϰĺˣֻǺЩƫˣֱŷֲѧǿϣԺҶ࿴飬ȡѧ
үǱ߳Ĭһŭɢ˲٣ЩĳֵСŰʱүүһֱһ飬·׸òáҺУĹأջүүˣ뽭콫Դڿϣ˵ںûУ
࣬Ҳ֪үүΪɶͻȻ飬һŵүүҲڣ·ԼѡģҲȥľˣҲͷһʧġ
үүǱĵ̾Ϣһоƣӣã˵СŰүүˣоӲǰүүһӣԺ·ҪԼߣչ˺Լˡ
һ£үүڴһ̾˵үүˣȥ˯һԼעⰲȫ
˵仰үӾ͹ҵ˵绰
ͻȻ䣬ôоԼ޵ĳ嶯أ
ֱۿתүү˵ӲǰʱѹһһεģѵүѾ֪ܻ飿
үүһص䳤ϵƣƶѦҶϸѹסˣҪһֽѩҩүӵ
С궼ȥˣһûκιڽѩüĿвЩ̿
޷ʧȥүүһֿµľ档
һ˻ȥ͸⿴ɽҹ˼ȴһƬã֪úȥδӡ


636 һ
սסػԼһ䣬զ˵˼ҲһصĴ쵼÷ﻹһܴɳүү˵绰֮ҾɳϴպһݣڶһҸս֪һ˵ǳȥҸѡ
սȻ֪ȥ˭ɽҾСôһѣҲûжʡ
ֶһ죬սɶʱϳǣҺøһ˳ȥսȴ˵żϵ˺õĲ˲Żȥϵ˿УΪɶ˵ȥĻ±ϱͽǡ
ʱҲ֪սѾϱˣ֮ǰȴ˵ǰĽǺ֪ܶ࣬Ҳ֮顣
˵սȻ˵ĲǺأ඼Ƥˣֻ಻̫ÿһڵģǵʱ׾սÿôġ
ΪսһȥֻýѦС߸ҵһЩҩתս壬ҩ֮ǰùһθʬƴʱ򣬱ɵĺɷĿˮմȾϣһλǻˣһӢ׸ʴĲӡ
ѦСߵʱòҩҩõģڷģЧܺãûָ˺ŷһ۵ӣͶһЩߣԱʱ֮裬˿̿սˣֻøˡ
ս廹ЩŽɣֻ˵һѦҩ̵ҩսҲƵĶ˹ȥ
Ǳս壬ҳҽԺһ⳵ֱɽǴѧȥ
ȵɽǴѧʱʱ磬ҾſڵС̯ϳһЩԴĥʱ䣬ͽѧУУ԰ع˼ȦڸζУ԰һԶֵഺٵŮŮһ·˵˵ЦЦܰвһ˿ɬ
ĽЩǵѧǣʱҲǣֻϧûϧԸһεĻᡭ
˼ƫˣʶ̫ˡ
ΪܶŹѧУò׻һбҵ֤Ȼˣü꣬ߵ·
ʵͦĽǵģǵ̸һƽƽҵ֮Ϲλӣӿˮһƽ
Щƽı󣬱һЩվΪ˸
Щ˱صĴڡ
ҲүΪʲôæµĿԡ
У԰ĸоöûôƽˣһ·ͣͣͣУ԰֮һƬСֵĳ֮ϣصĿҶ⡣
ʱӦòˣҸСһ绰ڵλãġ
С񲢲֪⼸췢飬ӵҵĵ绰ܸˣ⼸춼ȥΪʲôһֱû绰Ҳͨ
ʱһֱھصĵΣеĶˣ绰ȻӲ
Щڵ绰С˵ֱӸ˵̸֮
СӦһƺĵ䣬һû¶ɡ
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Сܹģһһҵļʴ𣺡СŸ磬⼸ȥˣһΪصϳء
һʾСҵߣ˿̵ЩԥԭǣͻȻһգ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ɶ¶˵Сߴٵ
ٴһСļ˵Сϻ˵һ飬ܻܲˣϣ׼һҪͦס
˵֣أСȻʵʲô¶ɱŻңӺ־ǿ¶˰ɣ
ǡ˵ʵأһߡ
ЩӣҴɼ뷱ȸС˵ҵݣٸȥ˳ǣԼʫйƵ飬ҪȻ϶Щܲˡ
֪С˵ߵʱЦ˵ɶղ˵ߣʲôߣô˵أ
ҶʱһŵĺߣεҡҡͷɫСû㿪ЦʵһֱǣԴϴһͬĹ֮ҾͳΪһˣô˵أʵǿͨ˵һִڡ
˵꣬СžʹҵĻЩ̲סЦ˵СţǲӺͿˣѲ˵ڽĹﱻϽʬ긽壬ӵ˳Сţ֪ܴ򣬿ɱң¶˵¶𳶵ϽΡ
ȥ˵ô죬СһֱΪҸЦء


637 
Ϊ֤˵ĲǼٻɨһȦӵϿһʯС˵Сɿˣһʯ
˵ţֱַֻץס˶ʯߣеһĶһ֮䣬ֻáꡱһ죬Ƕʯ㱻ݸС˵ܸ˰ɣ
Сӹ˶ʯϸۣЩŵ˵ʯҶϵģȻһ𣬹ǰװȵİɣ
ҲˣСӹǲңһֱץסС֣һδ߶˵еӿСڣСʱһҽУķӶԶ
ⵤ֮еշ磬Сһҽ֮˻
һΣСһ𾪵ıˣʵСšղʲôһҵ֣Ҹоȫ¸ǧƵģˡ
ҸһˣƫǲţôҪҪһ£
𡭡ˣ⵽ôһ¶
ҾͽǴǽ뽫Ĺ֮С飬С򵥵Ľһ飬֮ҳһߣΪǸСϵԵʣȻҲүү˵һ¡
һΣСŻȻ˵ֲôСûүүأԭүүôôϴһ١
ҵ˵ͷܿ콫鳶⣬ֵСɽǲǹģ֪ϴΪʲô֮к³ĶѪˮô
Сҡҡͷʾ֪
Ϊ㱻˹ƣʮ߹ƣҪҷֵļʱ˰ϵĹƶ˳Ѿȫã˳ӣɽǣҪǸ¹Ƶˣ㱨ѩ޵ġ
˵СǾȵĿɿڴ˵¹ơʲôʱµĹƣô֪
¹֮˶ʮߣңҲһǵĶ֣һͨôҪѾˣʫĳǣ㻳ģҪ֪ĳ㣬֮ǰҺǸѣǱ˳ǵı֮УԵɣһ٣ҵĹŸµĹƣҡ
˵ҪᵽʫˣﲻЩϰ£ֲ֪ô˵ˡ
ȻѾСĺģȻǱ˵סˣһץסҵ֣ʵʲôûңǲǹġ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ֣ص˵ʵҸղŸ˵ЩǴҪģҪ黹ʫ֮ǰҸһΪʫְĽٵİݽŮΪ˽ǮԲһУʵǶˡǸˣȻҲһֹƣƣһֹƶһֱԳأݣȫǡСĴˣʫǸŮ
С۾Ѿͨ죬ȭͷյĽģĿѣһڵĸҪҧһ㣬ס΢΢
һץסСĸ첲ܹܵķŭĻС޲ûҧ
Ƭ֮Сҧгݵ˵أҪɱҪɱ
Сܴ󣬾ǴƬСûʲôˣҲԶѧ߿Сļ򣬲֪ôοֻǳ˵СıǣĳѾ㱨ˣڼûҲˣֲˡ
Сӿţ޵ĺǸ·ĺӣ˺һ֮һץסҵĸ첲ץĺܽеʵءҪȥҪǸҲãһʼҾͲûġ
СʧǵӣĲ˵ĻˣоرܣǶһǽ
һǾҪ࣬˵С񡭡ԲûоȻˣƶӳԵ࣬ܵʱѾ취ˣǻһԲ𡭡
˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼֪СЩܲˣȫû뵽Сӡ
ǻһ𣬽һһѪȻһͷԵ˵ϡ
ȫһ飬ǾС߹֮󣬾ܹƶ˳ĺܣȻõϢܲˣһ·ˣ˹ȥ
һæСӵϷŲøɾǵѪȻһУСתѡ


638 һ
Ȼѹ֮С˶Ƕ˻һ㶵ϢĹôֹסˡ
ܹʹ飬ںޡѹʹʧȥԼŮˣûüһ档
ΪʬҲ׸Ļ𻯵ˣڹǻҺжѾĹء
Ҳ֪ôοһеڴʱ˿̶ԵôĲ԰
ֻߣĬĬ飬ǲܰʹֻ࣬ҪͺãԼһˣеʹһЩ
СѹҵȻҲ̫ܣҲһˣǸҵļѾЩŮˣ֪ںδĺòãÿʱжĪĴʹһõİ̺ۣ֪ʲôʱܹȫǡ
˾ţСһ仰û˵Ҳû˵
һ磬ĬĬ
ֱʱ֣СɳƵɤңǰûиʲôҪ˵Ļ
ҵ˵ͷ˵еģ˵䲻㣬ҲԲ㣬ϣܹúõȥǰ¿ʼԼ
ЩЩʫ˵ģЩҪ˵Ļ
˭ʹĥѣѹɱ⣬ܲһֱڻһлҪǰ߳ӰҪܳʱ䣬Сһܹǿͦȥ
˵СĸһЩôֹסϴ·ʪˡ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
һΣСһϡ顣
һֱҹĻ٣Сֹס˿Ȼ˵ҪȾƣҲûʱҪһ֮˯һͻһЩ
ҴСɽǴѧУţҵһҹӣ˼ˣֻˣͿ
󱭴󱭵İ׾ƵθһһؿȼգСȶ٣ұźȶ١
ʼգ˶û˵һ仰ֻǺȾơ
СȾƵʱѾˣΪ඼ˡ
һֱȵҲ֪Լ˶٣׾ƿӣһߣҲЩסǰһж
Сˣ֮Сֿʼޣһ߿һߺʫ֣Լӵ¿޵
ұ뿪ݣڵƻͨɽǴϣ˴ϢŮ黶Цһˣ߹һİĽֵһİˡ
ЩעԵ޷֣Щ˼ǰǧεĻҲֻеһ͡
һܻȥģȥġ
ҵ͵͵߶ţǸС˵ǸԼ˵
Ҳ֪ô߽һҾƵģôһ䣬ڶʱ򣬾Ϳһ㲵С񰲰꣬һӲʮ꣬ͷҲġ
ûжãСͿһۣ˵СŸ硭֪ʲôطȥܰ𣿡
ֻ˵һ֣ã
һСһҪֻҪģ㲻ȻֻܰЩʹҪԼϡ
Ӧһ֮Ҿͳ˷䣬ϸɽصϴһ绰Ҳһʫļַͥ⻹оʲôط
Ӧ˵Сʱʱ䣬һҲҶϱʾ˸л
˹˲Сʱ֮Ͼ͸һ˵绰֪ʫһЩ
ʫϼڴʡһصСسǣǸĸǵسǵĹְʫ֮⣬ǻһСڶУʫͥ˼Ĵڱʹһֱϴ棬֮ǰѾʫĹǻȡߣ˵سһɽĹ֮С
̫⣬ʫһܵܣˣܹչλˡ
ҽ֪С˵һ飬С˵ͷվͳ˱ݡ
¥˷ȻſֱӴһ⳵ȥǸصСسǣ˾̫ԶԸȥģϾкüٹֱ˦ǧǮס죬˵ֱӿȥ˿سǡ
ȵǸطʱѾˣһ·ţҵǸĹأȻְãڿһ·أĹ֮ʫһƬЦȻüĿ续õһŮֵഺ껪ûˣò˶̾Ϣ
СһʫĹʱ͵ˣӾҵĲһһıסĹʹ
ҲҿԼҲޡ
һСкܶ໰Ҫʫ˵ҾͶԶԶģһεദʱ䡣


639 һ
һƬܴĹأͽڰɽ䣬ҹҲûʲôֱӾһĹԣĵȺţԶԶĻܹС޵
ڸʫ˵ʲôҲ֪Ҳ֪
ʵʫû죬ûйͷߣĻ취ܹʫһƲллģҲôΪ˶Ѿˣα߶أһС᲻£ʹʹɣ޹ʹ죬Ժõġ
ʱҵĵ绰һҲûȥӣŪ˾糿ʱ򣬷ΰƽҴģҪȥ˳㽫ҸߣǣԼȥǲݹŵ١
ҲͨˣǲݹŲڵܹԸ˵ģΪҶƶûκηʩѦС߸ҵЩιƶҩҲȫùˣȥǲݹţûɶ
νӱʮ겻׼׵ˣȥǲݹŵ鷳һʧ
ҽ绰ϵʱⶣǲݹŵϢǵһҪ֪ͨңһصһжǲݹŸˣҪɱǲݹš
֮һҪֽǲݹŵΪһ쿴СǷϵӣǲˬҴûмСӡ
ԣһҪɱ
ǸΰƽһϢ˵ڵ˿أѰһ飬һʱ䲻ȥǲݹŵĻҹ֮󣬾ͻսһϳǣġ
ΰƽͻһ֣á
˼ˣλȥеæˡ
Ĺ£ͻȻ뵽˷֮еСȣɽصĵ֮Уұ˵ڵأɱˣʱ¶һ棬ӱ͵Ϯ״ڵأҪһӣ˵ҲҪˡ
⼸һֱæŸ飬ǺСȵĴڡ
Ĺ֮УҢ˵У˵СȾȽصĵط棬ΪҲ̫˽СȵʲôһʬֵĲлƵĻ꾫ûȻָ߱ǰΪǿһЩ
£ұȴʶ֮УŸȽйͨһΣȵ˻ӦһСŸ磬ʮϲ˵ĵطһĹ֮Уܲڳһ
ȸ˵ڻûȫʬֻĻ꾫һʮְУȻСӿ϶˵Ǵ˼ģڷصʮŨĵطȵǿԳ
ϴδҴһƳһȣЩҪصĵƣСȳȷΪѣЩƾΪ־ĶʱҪΪ˾ңǾԲġ
һ֮󣬾ȴ֮Ʈɢ˳һɺɫɷ֮籡Ȼڰ֮оͻһΣƮ˵ϡ
һݲû֮ǰǰһɰСģݰ׾һЦǳǳСѣСѾͷһͳ˹ǵĽСŸ硣
˱˰˷ѾͷϵʱͨĺûʲôӸоЩҼ򵥵ĸһԼʲôʱܹȫЩ꾫˵ҲǺҪܶӣԺÿ϶ԳˣʵЩơ
Ĺ֮ŨСһ֮󣬾ԼȥˣһǧҪȥСΪСҲϵȣԭŮҹĹ˺üŮСƵŷ˲ɡ
Щ飬Ҳ⼸ֵ֪̫࣬ΪǵУָʲôʱͻ˱ңҵѺͼ֣֪ĹҵԽ࣬ҲԸΣա
Ȼйأ˺ѣҲԼ׳ɵ飬ѾǰĽˣЩϹغܶ˶
Ϊɽص鳤ף˲عأοЩаˡ
ҲһֱЩ߱ǣԻǾǽӴҵĺá
һ뽭ƺеĻҪն
һط㿪ʼȴУЩҢ˴ڸзţЩ֮ǰСʶԶԶĿСһһʽУģģȴǱ֮ǰǿ࣬ʱգȫɾǻ꾫˵Ļĺ
һ䷢飬Щװ


640 ֵֹĸо
ȷųȥֽ֮ʦִǬﱧ˳һԭһԵİãڿɺˣԴǺĸʬ֮ԵİöûˣֱӾֻʣ˯ˡ
һƤ۵ӣѣһֱǶʦײеļһôᱻ׷ĸħ֮ء
ˣǬ֮óʱ򣬿϶˯š
ʦֺСʱ򣬾ͱҴӻ˳Ĵεˣû̫ĵͷ֮ģ֮ʣ۾һ֮
Ըʦ־ܹۣ֮Ҫκ˶۸صʱĶʦ־벻׻ὫǸʲôħ
ܹÿϳˣȴ֪ʦɶʱܹɾǺĸʬľÿ˯ĸһ
ڶʦˣҲûкôʡһǮҪ֪ʦֵǷʵǴĳ档
ĹϣŶʦ֣Ĺ磬ȻЩˣҪ붬ˣϣǰǲҪٷʲô飬ȵĿԹꡣ
ֵطҹһ˹ƶ˵ҹˣȻηģ˵෨ûУСһСһĹ»ҰҲǰš
ԣʮְĵĿĹ˯ˡ
Ҳû˯̫һעĶȻǲʲôСʲôʣĺܣʲôණ룬Ҫ
ԣʱҾ˹һ֮Уұ˶ʦ֣װǬʫĹ˹ȥ
ߵһСѾʫĹ˯ˣҹȥȴûзӦһ̽һıϢ˻ţʱһ̫ˣʫĹǰⴥ飬˻һʫĹǰ˹ȥ
εҡҡͷСӱȻڵصسһұݾס
С̫ˣҪú˯һ
С˴ϣʰˣҲ򵥵ϴˢһ飬ڴϿʼԽ࣬ԽԽеҪԡ
֮УʼҪһʵǱ֤һеǰᣬΪУҪܵ۸㹻ǿ˭Ҫ֡
Ȼնɱʬźʬ֣Լһصĳħ֮롣
ȴ̵ʶԼĲ㣬ڶԸЩõʱҪôΪңҪôΪ֣ʩƣƾʵҪƾԼڵΪЩеκһƽһ֮׾ٵҪҵ
̵ֻʶԼĲ㣬ŻгķչͽΪڵͷմմϲ˼ȡҲԶˡ
֪ܶұҪ׵һ
ԣΨвϵԼǿ֧ڽͷ
һоʱţٴ۾ʱͻȻһƬʱһΪԼһֱӴ糿ֵҹתͷĹ˵ʱŷ֣ĴȫԵʮ
ԼУҿСһŴϣ߹ȥùȫ͸˽ⴰһСͻȻЩŭ˵Сš콫ϣ
һ㶣תͷСʵզˣ
Ҳ⣬ԼһС˵ţֱӽԴϡ
̾ϢһǽˣȻߵߣ󱳵λãοС񰡣˰ܲһӻӰЩ黹Ҫǰ˵ҲˣҲˣҲ㱨ˣܲһֱѵԺӲˣ
Сûң˱
óֻһѾһˣӶ緹ûأˣϽӱһ٣˵
ȻСڱ˵ҲԼȥ԰ɡ
ȥ⵽ʲôСѵǴʳѳզأ
ǱɲУҿ֣óԣˣô轻ˣϽ߰ɡ
һεĴߴһ顣
Сǲֻ˵Ҳȥˣۣ͸Ҵ㶫԰ɡ
һҲǣȷǸúϢһ£㽫ʦ˱տСҳ˱ݣڸС㷹ȥ
ԽԽЩƣСһֵֹĸо


641 С񲻼
ϸһ룬ʫС˺ܴ󣬿˵һֻԵĴʹ޷ᣬô˵˼ҲǺüĸ飬Ҹһθͳһ£ȻزˣʱҶСʫֳ飬Ĳر⣬ֻӦúѹɡ
ʱ䣬С䣬һ飬ǵѰʲô̼ΪС׵飬ȹѵʱ⣬Ժͻģʣµľͽʱ䣬ûʲôʱ޷ĥġ
ҴҵЩƲˣҴȥٴλص˾Ƶ֮Уȥ֮󣬷Сڴϣ˯˹ȥҲûдһԷ
û뵽Сһ˯˯ĸСʱһֱӣ̫ϾҪɽʱ˹ʱСȥͷ࣬û֮ǰǰǷˡ
кϽԷ˶ˣ緹ֱӾͱ
СֻǳĬĵ˵ͷȻ˹ʼһԷȲȾƣҡҡͷֻ˿ڵĳ
һʱ䣬ձЩĬҺСƣȻûʲô㣬ǻȥѧҴ䣬һ顣
Сҡҡͷû˵ʲôһ֮󣬱˵ˣҪ˯
ҲΣСôһ¾ͱӣʶǸСˡ
ҽʣµĶһͰ˴ϼУС黹ǲ̫ãһɣҲûʲôرҪȥ
֪ͺҽʶ֮У˼죬ﵽһľ磬ڱ֮Уȫ˽䱸ΪҾԵİȫҡ
һľ磬жʧʶҲߣȻʲôҲоҲ
ȻеΪʱĿͻȻĪĴʹһ£Ҵ״̬֮˹һҿΣա
ʱҲŷӦ˹벻ǲݹŵͽ˰ɣ
Ѿ뿪ɽǣ˿һСسǣѵ׷
۾֮󣬿ٵΧɨһȦÞųӦΧΣգֲûʲô쳣һƬƶûпǵҳСĴλһʱ򣬶ʱЩǱȻ̯ģǸоûأ
ҿٵ´ƿ˱ӣǱͷСǲˡ
Щļǣæĵƣܵһûˡ
ǽĹʾѾ賿һˣôˣСҪȥأ
⽫ͷڱ棬Ǹһ˯ļ
ӽ翪ʼҾ;Сֵֹģú̹ܲСͻȻ뿪ֺܲõԤо͸ǿˡ
ҪʲôѵҪ벻ˣ
һ뵽ֱͻͻæʦװǬ첽뿪˷䣬ֱһ¥һ·֮ϲûпСӰ
ʱһǰֵ̨ҹ࣬ǸʮỊ̇æʵ㡭ûпһ߸ݵ뿪ͷģһӣʱһġ
ұûб̫ϣû뵽Ǵæ˵ͷ˵ˣո뿪һӣ˵ĸоֵֹģ·Щ֡
˵ʲô飬ЩϲһЩǣæһ䣺㣬㿴ĸ𣿡
ǳյģ˸ߣǰߣͳˣ׷üǴ˵
лһȻ׷˳ȥűߵķȥһͱһ·ǰ߾ȻһܴĹ㳡ڹ㳡ϸûʲôˣﲻƣСҹôܵأ
һ·Уǰһξ룬Լ·ȻǼ߰ĹǰߵĻһƬɽ롣
ԽԽЩԾСһϤﵽΪʲôأ
һЩģСǲǱǲݹŻĹƶܹסСʶŻ顣
ĪЩ꣬СϾʲô
ʱһ뷨ͻȻð˳ǲǸݵǰ̨ƭңСûгΪʲôҪƭأ
֮ҾÿǱƭˣǱ㲻ټǰˣԼٶȷ˱֮С
Ǹǰֳ̨һĨ֮̿ɫȻһĨ̿ʧĺܿ죬ҲҸץסˡ
ߵߣʵ㣬ǲǼǴˣȷǸߵ𣿡


642 һİ
Ǵæͷ˵ûߵġӡġ
ҵҲӵĵͳŭҪΪ˵Ļ𣡡
ɱǰ̨ЩƮ˵⡭Ҳ̫ȷ㿴춼ôˡһе߻ߵġҡ
һ¾ȷŮˣǴץһͲǸɫմɣȻ󾢶£մɱͲʱһ顣
ǰ̨ŵĻһӵɵԲ
˵ø˵ʵҿɲʲôˣҪǽˣҶ֪һʲô
ǰ̨ļⳡ棬ʱŵɫִ࣬ӿڴһٿǮ˹̨ϣ߶µ˵硭ҲǹҪƭġ㡭ǸѸһٿǮ˵Ҫȥ˵ˡһٿǮ㡭ҲҪ˻𡭡
˵ţǴ㾹ȻŵصĿ
ֱڴʵıߵģ
ҡұߡ
Ĵ֮תű񱼶ȥȴƣСڸʲôãӣǱƶ֮ʧǣƶƵûԼ˼άȫԶ϶С뿪ģһܿҡ
ΪʲôҪôأʲôأ
һĵɻ󣬳ұߵķһ·񱼣ղã뵢˰СʱСҪҵĻܵûӰˣ治֪ȥѰټ
ǰһ·˶ʮӣһ·֮Ҷһˣ賿Ҫˣϡ٣ֻҪˣҶϸ࿴ۣԴȷǲС
ǰ˰СʱѾ˳ǽطûɶˡ
ȻûҵС
ǰߣһƬɽˡ
ͻȻ뵽һ飬ͨʫǿĹأѵ˵СȥʫĹǰ
˵ӦҲǣ˵ҪȥĻûɽٶһ޵ˣûɶ˵ġ
Щ˼⡣
ĵʣֱӳʫ·ؿ첽ȥ
˰СʱĹ⾰ɽǰǿصأС˹ȥ
ͿҪʫĹظʱҿһӰվʫĹԱߣһһεģ֪ڸЩʲô
ϢĹΣһһĳǸӰ
ʮҵĵطͣһĹĺ棬Ųҵ¹⣬ʱſķǸӰСһѲ֪ŪĳͷһһºݺݵĳŵţѾٿˣĴȸ
Сҹܵصɶأ
ʲôʱĵҲôˡ
Ȼ䣬뵽һ飬ɵЩСӲǴ㽫ʫĹǻҺиٳɣ
ٶʫᣬҲɣ
˶ѾˣΪαءδЩִ̫ˡ
Уҵùȥֹ˷ħȥˡ
뵽һĹ˳첽Сķȥ
ƺ˶СͣеĶ̧ͷ߿˹ƺûϵһһһ£ǳͷ˵ϣЩֵ̿Ŀҡ
С֪ʲô˶ѾˣǺαأŭգҪĳ嶯
СһۣͻȻͱ׺˵ҵ㲻Ҫܡ
ҵĻܿˣ첽ߵߣôʲô˼Ҫ㣬ôʬ嶼ûˣ
СҲĶң˫Щ죬ҺİСҶûмСôа񣬲ɵú
Ȼҵͷһʱ򣬷Сڵĺ񲢲ʫķأʫԱߵһط͸ˡ
ҸоСٴγ⡣
ϣΪ˸СڳһĿռҶ㵽Զĵطһֱ˿ҪʱǶʱܳһЩ⣬ΪҹȥʱǻʫĹԱߵģʱһΪĹȡ
СһֱֵֵֹģҸһ𳤴һƨɣҶ֪ʲôƨ˽ⲻȻıȫȫ˵һİˡ
˲ǧ˼תһҪ̽һĳ嶯ЦЦ˵С񡭡ղ̫嶯ˣ֪ʫ˺ܴ󣬵δЩװɡ
˵ˣҵ鲻ҪܡС˵һ飬Ȼ󽫳ͷٴμ


643 ȸռ𯳲
úúáҲܣ㽫ʫĹǻҺڳأѵ㻹챧ɣ̫˰ɣҼ˵
Ұôҵ飬ԺҵٹܡСٴεͳ˵
Աߣװµ˵С㻹ǲǵСʱȥ͵˼ҵعϣ˼Ҵ˴ˣǽȫһϣ㰤һٱ飬ǴΣ㱻ִĿɲˣ㵱ʱڵعϵӣһģһ;úЦ
С̧ͷһۣ˵¶ҵȻǵãʱСɵô۸
Сشжʱһ˿̵С϶Сˣȫſں˵Сʱ͵عģǵʱڹĲӣ
Ϊ˱ٴʳ˵ڶ⣺С¸ӵĺӺ¾ƣҪٸһȥС浽ѣ㲻ܲȥ
СͷҲ̧˵ǿ϶ҪȥģҸһȥ
һΣǰٷ֮ȷˣǰ˸СôŮѶûУкӣشҵʱ붼ûһ£ھʹӦ
Һӡ־ǿԼСĸһ𴩿ɿ㳤ģôҪ鶼֪Ļǻаˡ
Ҷ˵ĴǬ˷ʬߣУȻǳôʲôΪʲôҪСϣ
Ǽһ̧ͷҺٺһЦĶ˵㿴ˣ
èҶǾͱˡҿ˵
ǼһٴЦ㶼˵ǹˣǻʲôɹֲң˯ĺúõģҪĨᣬΣӲ˭أ
ֻϧǴˣ㲻ԹԵȥֻתﺦˣҿ϶Ĳ㣡
˵ţҴǬһ½ʬ˳Ƿʬĩ˵С˲Ϳٵ˸ΧĿ˲䱻սޱȡ
ŵĹԭҺη壬ǵҽʬóʱ򣬶ʱɫ䣬ɫ˵ͽеĳͷݺݵĳҵԴ˹ҾͶʮַͷһξͶ˹ȥ
ǼһҲûУֱӴӿ˳һԾͿ˹ȥ
Ҳûȥ׷ֱһؿڣƮ˳һźɫɷǼһ׷˹ȥ
һٶȻޱȣһգ۵Ĺ͵Ǹһǰסȥ·ȻûΣƯ˰֮С
ǼһһȣʱŵĻϵŲӡ
֮ǰǸϻĹϻŹʶȻйֳСϵĹԵвǶߣһ¿и߳ܶȳǰ϶Ҫ˲ɣߣڿһеĹͲͬ
֮䣬ǿŲɶģһ֣֪ŻɢԶˡ
ǹﻹܣһתȴվŷʬߵңһɱ
볯һӴܣʼձһһٴεǰ
СŸ硭һôأȿһ˵
ҪС磬Ȼܸһﲻ࣬Ÿ㵱ʳɡޱ˵
˵ԴӸ֮󣬺ûɹκ壬һֱǸԹԵĹЩ˼
Ǽһ￴Ӳȥˣԭŵʱһ¹ҵǰధ硭ҰɡҸǵϲûб˼ҪڿҵķĹҵĹǻҺлطҵĹʧޣҲûտңҾѵ飬ûбĻ˼
ҿĿĲֻôɣ㿴ֵҲĺܣԾ룬ռ壬ɵıʶȸռ𯳲Ϊҿ𣿡
Ƶ˵ţȻ󻺲еķʬ˸Ƶ
Ǽһʶļƣٴαĺһſڣ³һŨĺɫɷȻСϾƮһŰɫϢԶӶݶȥ
еķʬһΣסźɫɷҿٵɸɾ
ǼһﻯİɫϢһεĶסȥ·˿̵Ҳһ޺ɫɷǼһһ˲һӵĹ⾰ͶһɫĹﲻϵƮ˹
СŸ硭ôأЩ˼Ŀҡ
ȻԼ̵ˣ̵ϰյ࣬Ҫ΢΢Ц


644 
˵ԥһ£ջſͣһڽ̽ԵĺίһԵ׶ǵһɹԵʮֲ˼оӻʮֿɰ
ʵҲô޳ԼĵУȵĵͻͽڽĹǸСͨ;ܹһͨĹɹ֮ģһ˹ǿʮֿµĴڣүүǰΪҲǹˣмҴķʬߣүүҲСС
֮ɣҵĸо˳һĲ̣״̬֮£һɵˣǾĻɢ͵ڶ˵ĺ·̫
СͷĹ»Ұز۵СԹ飬䵽һɢ³
ڲһ˵Ĺ˵ϣǶ˵һֲ̣Ҽʱ˵СΣˡ
ܶ˶˵飬ǹҪ˵壬ǰģʲô˵嶼ܹϵġ
ȣҪĹ϶ЩеģһĹ»Ұ̫ͣ˵ˣ˶пܱײĻɢԴĹǺˣ˺ǡ
ǰͻǸ˵ĻȻԹɢδûнڤֻ֮صĻͻΪһԹּ𣬾ͿԸˣǸϵʱ򲻻̫ȴҲԽ˵һЩ飬еһЩĹҲԸ֮ϵʱ̣Ҳܼ򵥣ߺش߿࣬飬ֻһǰȽηһˣǳ䣬óвһ㣬ͻܡ
ǸСϵͲˣԩҲԹҵĸоӦǸּĹԸ˵ϣη⣬ҳţǵϣͿ԰ռ˵壬ѹԭʶһЩԼ飬Ҳɱˡ
ߣСҲǵ˲ݹµĹƶܹƶ˳Сʮֵ˵һϵ͸ߣСֳʧȥʫһصĴ˼㱣겻ȣŸǶĻᡣ
ԣھ˳ش֮òҪȥصĵطĹظǲôϴһƬط֪˶ˣǧܻһЩɾĶһĹУһҲ֡
СϵĿĺԣҪȸռ𯳲ɵСԭ꣬ʱĥ֮󣬾ȫȡСԼϡ
ʮּѣʧܵļʺܴһʧˣǶ뿪С壬ûʲôʧС³ʮңͻȻв˵Ҳɵˡ
֧ңĹ֮УҪĺǻ߹ǻڳȻɽȥܹõĸϣմﵽռСĿġ
Ķǲġ
ȻҲа취ˣȥڤֻ֮أҾûбҪתֻأ±пܻһˣ񣬻ɢĺá
ˣӲٵء
ԵЩƮʬֵĲлƵĻ꾫ûɾұ»ص֮УţߵСߣָ̽ջһ֮󣬲ųɹһΣշС壬һϵɷ֮
һȥû϶ãСתѣãȻĴӵҵСšأҵͷʹʲô飿
Ҳļ˵û¶̫ˣղ˯ŵʱ򣬺Σ֪ľܵطˣˡ
СһͷȥĹԼҲһ˵ҡôءǰûйġ
ҪȻô˵̫أû¶Ϣͺˣѹ̫ˣҪܽϣҪʼµҪȻֵܵģҲһֱĲ㡣һ
һᵽ飬СɫʱתͷһĹʫƬεҡҡͷ
һСͻȻЩֵ˵졭Һ￴һںӰӣȻӰӳײ˹һۣʲô֪ˣҡǲʲôɾĶ˵ǲˣ


645 л
һΪСûκη±ǹ˿ӣû뵽СȻһЩúŪ
Ƭ̣Ҳ˵СˣĻԲ㣬ΪѾ뿪磬ʲôֻͽǣҺͲᣬϾ˹;϶ҲҪִ̫Ժ·ܳϣ㾡ҪΪ飬е˺ѶĲ㡣
ôҵһȰοС
СĬȻĵ˵ͷʫĹԣһԲ
ҽֵСȷʵһණҪ㣬Ƕһ㣬˳־ҸˣĺܣҪ߶ˣط
˵ţҴһԼıаݸС˵һаķϣԺһħֶҽŰɡ
С̧ͷһۣЩ˵СţԴǴδӽĹ֮󣬶صģҲ֪ڸɶ˵Լһߣһֱûиףˣʿһʿôửˣ
¶Ҳ֪ôСͣһŵô˵أҼϣүүүүϵҲҵүһټʮǰȷһʿһһĵʿһʮֺ䶯飬Ȼ󹦳Ǹ߸ڴ壬һЩ˺أүĺ㽭ǷǣҵһͲѧϰЩıˣҪΪС飬ҿ϶Ҳһͨˣ˵ǰʿ¶éɽĴУֻûʦˡ
ŶС˵ͷ˼˵ھһִӢԽħǲǣ
Ѱ˼һ˵ͷ˵ɣݵĶǼٵģҲûô
ȻСֵǰӢݵĹƬйСܲܰһæĹг˵仰òã
˰죬СǳˣҺòƣлıеģȴ뽫ʫĻл˶Ѿˣлʲôأ
ֻС񴥾飬ͽ˱ˡ
ڴˣֻܶСҡҡͷ˵Բ
СһʱͲˣһ֣סҵĸ첲ڰ˵Сš֪ԵģСһ𳤴ʱıһͰһذɣֻһ棬˵仰ͺãҲСʵڲУҲǿԵġ
סⷢС˴˶̫˽ˣ¶δЩƣһǲô
ҼϣСٴΰСšҳôûʲô飬Ͱһΰɣֻһ棬֮ҾͳˣһѧУϿΣԺúõĹˡѲҸ¹򣿡
˵ţСҪæסεҡҡͷ˵ðɺðɡҾͰôһΣȿ˵ˣʱ䲻̫Ǽ򵥵ĸһ¾ͺãҲ㣬ҲǵͶ̥Ļᣬ֪Ҫڤ֮صĹ϶ãһ֮ԺҺúõѧʲô۶ӣӦ֮ҲŰ顣
Сæͷֹ˵СֻҪһټһΣʲôԡ
ǺãһЩұҪ㣬ֵʱ䲻̫ȻҲҪʲôҪľٶҪˣ͵ںпܻɢߣ֮󣬻һ״̬֣ԿֻһӰˣʲôϿ˵ʱ䣬ʱԽԽգǱˣٲܿ࣬ҿԸ㵣ŷյġ
ٴѵ
Сͷ缦ףĻ
㣬ֻһշ䣬üĴۣʫȻͦңߵʱ̹ȻûʲôԹһͨʽ֣СǿģҪ۲С
ߵĹԣվǬ㣬ûֽȼķͷǰ棬·أǰЩƷ˱ʡһ衣
ţҽͭǮǬ˳һ־бڣ٣֤ͨ⣬Ψн⣬Ӧ֮֮ţʦ̫Ͼ뷣


646 ľ
ϣһȥŻֽʫĹ˹ȥȻС˼
ǼŻֽ죬ҵȼȻ̣ϿƮȥ
С񿴵һĶһεԳޱȵı飬֮ǰҸ˶ִܣȴʩչκһΣۼʶҵı£𾪲Ź֡
ͨ˵ֻڵӰܿǼ˲ЧģǻȻɣéɽл
Żֽһ𣬺ܿһĪĞųΧٴࡣ
СҲоĪ
ԽʱͿռ䣬ҽʫĻǴڤ֮ٻ˻ҺʫûеֻתʱΪҪͷߣʫſĽŹأȥ
ڻлᡣ
ŻֽĻҽƮһйƽš
ӵʱ䣬ʫķͷ֮Ʈɢһɰɫһ΢Щ͸Ӱǵǰ
ǸӰЩΣԵúܲʵɫЩ԰ףСǵһ۾ϳǸӰʫ
һ̣СҲ޷סԼ΢΢һ˲Ͷ
С
ʫĻС֮󣬻̧ͷҲСЩ;ȣԼ֪ԼôͻȻط
ڶݵ֮ʫҲԵʮּӰˮһζ
硭ʫҲ
СţͳʫӰ˹ȥұҪֹǲûгɹѾС֪һӵͷһͳʫĻǳ˹ȥ
ſ˻Ҫʫıڻ֪һ̵ĸܣҪıԶҪ뿪Լ
첻ԸһԿԧ죬һĻҿ˱ӲҲЩᡣ
Ҿ֪ʫġ
ȻС񼴽˵ʫߵʱӾȻһ´ʫ
ʫֻһ壬ֻһӰӣüţֻϵı˰ܹʫֻһͨ壬Ҳ޷ñ˰
СһգʱԵȻʧٴת֣ʫҲ֣ʫȴƣʲô
СһǶô;ʫߣȴġ
ֻǿޣ᲻ҪǮƵĻ䡣
ʫĴҲܴȥȥСᣬٴ͸ӡ
硭㲻ҪѾ뿪ˣһֻأ·ܳԵ޷ݣңһҪŮˡ
СŬĵͷͣţʹͣͣĴŴһ仰˵̫ˣǧﶼ˺ͷȴֲ֪ôӺ˵
ԣΨǧС
ұߴСϽ˵¶ʱ䲻࣬ȴĴǣֻһĬĬĿš
Ҳ֪վ￴˼ľЩ̫ãҲ뿪ҵʲôⷢ
˺һСƽһ飬Щ˵Բ𡭡һʼˣҲãûб㡭
磬ʲôҪ˵ˣֲ㣬Ҫ־͹ǸĳǣҪȻڻö˶˵һ𣬲ҲνˣǸѰǱˣҿ˳ǣ桭ʫ˵ţ߿˹۵ĸм֮飬ĬĬĵ˵ͷȴǳԾһ£ʫ˵ڤ֮ؿ˳ǣô˵վҲûпȥջˡ
ֻг֪ǲݹŵֺ䣬ˣ˾Ͷϵˡ
ⲻ֪ǸϢǻϢ
ʱҺսһ˴һ˶ûбסȫɥȪ
Сһᣬҿһۣ˵õ֮ǰܶζᵽ֮ǰҲǵ˹ƣСžһ
ȥһ治ɣ˵ЩҪ飬ҰŪͦεġ
С˵ʫٴοң΢΢Ǹм˵СšҺܿҪ뿪ˣһֻأԺСͰչˣϣһչ˺ˡ
ҹɵ΢΢һЦ˵İɣɩӣڣһû⡣
˵仰֮ұ˺һξ룬ʮһֱԶԶĿţһҲȥˡ
Ҫ˼һ˽˿ռ䣬黰վȷʵ̫㡣


647 ҵļ˶
ԶԶĿǣʮֳأҲ֪ԲԣǼȻˣȡһЩǶȡһЩʱ䡣
ҿһֱеʲôǾЩԶǵСһЩҲ
Сǰ㼤ģҪȥһʫÿÿ͸һҲǵģ˼ҶɹˣҪֶŵġ
ͻȻԼǰǵĹľ֮еʱ򣬱Сǽ˹ʫסСùݵ飬ְִ׵ͷҵϴдΣʱʫȥϣ֮һ⡣
ʱǵԺʫǶôƯһŮڼˣĺƯСʻɶϡ
һʱ䣬ҿЩˣԺͻҸһһĻ档
ҪУʱ򣬷ǬеéɽͻȻ΢΢ζһ£һ塱Ĵ죬ͷһʱʧ״̬֮»ָ˹Ǳ߿첽ȥ
δߵߣʫͻȻٴα˫Ž棬һһĿʧ
ԭ˵ŻСͻȻʫ㣬ܳܵסĺ֣˹ȥƺҪץסʲô
ʱѾߣéɽǬ˳˼ǹʫ
Ī֮Уһɰ絽Ҹ޷˲ӿҼ߶éɽҪʫȡһЩʱ䡣
Ǹûãֻʫʧٶôһ
ʫ˫ſʼ˵ǹ⣬̻һŶʧ
ҷˣΪҸ޷⣬ٶŬǰ׷ѣһ̫ʱ򣬸оԼƺҪéɽǣ˳
С캰أ˺һʫʧˡ
éɽ壬һȻڵϵС˪һ㣬ʫʧĵطϢ
⼸죬СѾ̫ˣɺӡ
ţӦһᡣ
ڵãСջǲᣬӵվ³һڱõ˵Сšǻȥɡȥ˯
ӦһСļȻСĹأ뿪ʱСֻͷһĹϵʫǳЦȻƬҪ̽Ժתͷಽĳɽȥ
ڻȥݵ·ϣҵһʮСʱӪҵС꣬Ȼһ˽ȥС˵ҪȾƣ˵á
С飬ܺȾƣҲûֹ
һʫĳ֣һı࣬ʫһὫԶķʫҲϣһжá
Ҫ˼ƿ׾ƣֵ˼СˣһֱȵһֱȵСʡ£ȻҾͱ˱ݡ
ұСصݵʱǸǰ̨ķԱǿ˹һĶңҲûж࿴һֱۣӾͽ˷䡣
Сȵĺܶ࣬ڴϾ˯ˣҲЩƣۣ˷֮Ҳһ˯ȥ
һ˯ĺܰȣ֮󣬷СѾϴ裬ͷʮ룬һĺҲεĸɸɾǻһһ
˿࣬ɫԵʮֲ԰ס
޷εģҲû֮ǰȻ֮ɫ
ȻһµС񿴵һȵĿ΢΢һЦ˵Сţûɶ¶ɣ
ûզˣһƵĿ
ҳȥ漸죬ȥﶼãȻҾͻȥѧҲԻؼˡС˵
СģʱЩƣҲ֪ʫ׸˵ЩʲôСĸı䡣
ʫĻйҲһСıࡣ
˵ãھ
С˵ͷȻʰ뿪ұݡ
ڴʡĿĴ߶ȥ˾կȥ˻ȥɽȥ˶ߡ
һ߰죬СҲԽԽãʫĸӰࡣ
͵ȥüɽʱͻȻҾͽӵһ绰绰սģ˵õҪսһϳǵģ¹С񣬽սˡ
Ϊս϶Թһ٣˭֪һӵ绰սЩĸ˵Сšˡ
һжʱһæʵʲôˣ˵
Сš飬˶ļ˶ˣҪĸĸ


648 ӲТ
ս⻰ҾǱ˵ͷһӣЩͷǣŵװ嶼ЩԵڵء
һԵСһ£еôˣСţ
һûһԵСŬԼǻǻʵ硭ʲôҰôˣûˣ
սǱ˵ĸʱûʲô⣬ֻܵһЩţҲ̫ص绰֪ͨҵģ˵ϣĸ̯ЩˣȻһЩ˴㸸ĸС̣λ˸˹ȥҪǿ°ߣʱ򣬿صŵļүӳ֣Щ˻ɱмֱܵˡ
һ£սֵ˵ʱүӱ׷Щһɱģ׽ͷʾʲôҪԸļˣǼүֵ˵ɽ֮ʣûȥ׷ѡչĸĸãĸֻǱ˹ȥûˣֻǷ׷ܵ˾ţڸϳǵ·ϣҲϽɣ鿴ûбô򵥡
սһ˵ҲһĿһɽ֮ϣصĴϢҵȻЩҿҰûгʲô飬ҪǶи̣ײǽĶˡ
ս˵ҸĸǸص鿴ŵүӣҵЩСС⣬үһСصſڣરવĳ麵̣˭Įģƽƽ棬ŸһͨϺ࣬һֱүӲ򵥣үүûˣүӹһ֣һ־Ҫ˵һڰףүӳ֣Ҹĸ³ʮˡ
ȥһҪúøлһС
ұص磬ȵϳǵĻͰҶտҰ裬ٶȸϹȥˡ
⻹ɶ˵ģıǣһտòĸսˬӦ
͵սҪҵ绰ʱͻȻһ飬æʵ磬û˲үӻɱĺˣʲô·
ЩӣһЩ죬飬ص϶ģڣЩһ֮󣬽ʬͻˣΪһ̯ŧѪ޴ɲ飬Ƕ֮ǰ͸ֽţǲǲǵݡսֵ
ˣ֪ˣҺܿͻȥ˵仰Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰üͷأһֱ룬ôĵ˭ҵļ˶֡
Ҳ̫ˣˣٲˣҲôĵ飬ʵɺޣ֪˭ҷǻƤɡ
Һ޵һֱ΢΢ȭͷ߬Ŀ졣
ڵЩ£һԵСҵĸ첲СʵСšզˣʲô飿
ҿһС֣ص˵СȻѧУɣҲˣˣұȥһ
СһҲһʵʲô飿
һ켣һ꣬˲ˣŪңʼҸĸˣãҰֻǱ˹ȥص˸ҪĻȥʵ˵
Ҹһȥɣĸ飬ҲӲܡСɫ
˰ɣҵܲˣǽϵ飬Щӣȥ˸𲻵κãҪ飬ǻѧУѧһͱҵˣĴѧ࣬ø۵ǳǧҵˡĳ˵
Сţģ鶼ȥˣһС˵
Сļٴ˵Сϵ飬òҪκ˵ڱ㣬ҲˣҵѾǣҵĸĸҲ⼸ֵܵҪȻѰ
ģҲκἰ顣Сٴ֣ص˵
ͳǧǮݸС˵СЩǮţ飬ԵõĲԼȥɣҴҪϳˡ
СһóôǮգҿûʱݣЩŭ˵ţҲȱǮʵ㣬ϳǵ׷ӾģҰСҲģͷϻһ򣬸ĶСǮҪǹⲻȥҵ֮׬Ǯٻҡ
С˵ҽǮֱȻתߣٵĳŷ羰ĳڱȥ
СֽҲû˵ʲôҵѾɻϳ֮Уɵҵļ
֡裬ӲТ


649 ˭
̫ǸĸİΣһ·ɱ뿪˷羰ɽ´ҴææĴһֱĻվڳϵʱٴθսһ绰ҹͨվĹԱҪһĶȥܹҶƱؼܹվԱҴŶʦһϳ
ϴδϳʱս飬һж㶨ˣصҪжĻһвŶҪȫϣӹɵģǸ˸ţ¶սԥһ£ЩѶȣϾﲻΧҲӦ
ڳ⳵ϵʱҵﻹѰһֱŵʲô˶Ҹĸ֡
Դϵ˲٣һȫ˳
뵽Ԭͳʦˣ֮ҵĹˣҲɱǵʦҽʦʦֶɱˣ޿νǲ죬˶Һ֮ǵĻʦ˵ʲá
ϸһ룬ֽǸųˣʦͶʬֵʱ򣬻ܹұ𣬿ĿʬֱɱʬִЩͽҲնɱӦ˽⵽ҵʵ׼䲻Ҵùͷǡ
ߣʦƵҪҵĻҲ˳ֲǣսȴ˵һҪ°ҵĸĸŵļүɱ
˵Щ˻ܹӼүĶѣΪӦò͡
үӵΪҲ֪жߣԼӦΪүүĸ֣Եز©νĴеĸˡ
Ԭʦ㣬ʱӦҲһԸҡ
Ҳųʬֻͽܲдʱʬִʮͽܳ϶Ҳһϳң־˵ʬǸͽˣһʮһͽܣʮͽпֻһ֡
ʱפϾɽصʬֵϳûпʬͽܣпǰõϢ֮زز
ԬʦټʬʣͽܣұҲδ֪
һˣҲòǱ˵ħ˵ľԲᣬʦյĺڲȻֱһȫ֮µУҪָãҪиһء
ԼħɲϾħǳħͷպգզ˵ҲҪάǣ
¶ҪǴȥħȻҪЦ󷽣һһصĳϣ½ǧηһëͷСӣҪͨļ˴ﵽɸ˵Ŀġ
ħϾһ콭ģĽضأûˡ
ҲųħҪԸҵĻҾСˡ
֮⣬һˣһֱҹڻڶûиʲôݣǵһҲŷү¹Ƶ֮󣬻ظ߸ڴһˣһ˽ҴӼͷңʱ򻨺ҽΧһصĴŶļһ֣Ҷ˵֮ѹƵŽǺ˾ߣһΣҺͻɱ˲ٺˡ
ɱ˺֮ǻЩ˵ʬˣ֪ͨصȥЩ˵ݣصȥ֮Щʬ岻ɡ
һΣһȥҵĸĸүӻɱ֮ʬ嶼ŧѪ޷
ͨʬ屻ٵ飬ܾǲ֪ǵݣȷʵ޷죬Ҷ֪ʲôˣһ
Щһ;Щͷۣڳƾղ²⣬Ҳ벻ȻȻζʧˣȻͻһΡ
ҲϣٴηһҪĻף˭ҪǸҶҵĸĸұȻնݳ֪عص³
ʵҲܹҪҵĸĸҪԸ˻ңֻԼնصϳǣЩ͵͵ļһٴ
飬Ӿͣ˻վҸ˳ǮƱ֮ó֤ƱѾˣս潫һжǽվ򳵵ʱǹԱһҵ֤춼ûйֱ˽ȥ
ұŶʦһϳǵĶܿ쳵ӾͿˡ
ҺϳʡУͨͨ˴ӴʡֱܶٶѾܿˣҲСʱŵϳǣȻٵĴһȥ
Сʱ¶Ѿ·С̵ʱۣŹţʱǵⶼͦã˿̿ŲЩ


650 ж־ķ
ڰСſפƬ̣ұ㳯żҵķȥ
ǰвʱԼʮ׵ľ룬صĴţһʮֲ۵ĴԺȥԵЩưܡ
ſڵһϣһͷһ̹ӣڼ£˱Ҹĸļүӡ
λ˼ҿ˵Ƕɽ
һ˹ȥ׵ĵطͣ˫ϥһ͹˵ϣصĿͷ
ү˶ĴͷȻܡ
˵жϥлƽ𣬹عĸүҲá
ͷҲûǿ˼үӣ֣µ˵ϣл˼ҳȣݶˣлԺ󱨴𡣡
үӳҺǺһЦ˵ɣӣϷֻǸŵģֵд˴ߣԸЩҲֻǾ֮ͶѣҲûзʲô
ⲻһҸĸ֮ͬ˼һûʲôǶ˵ݶߣȺٴγϿҵ˵
ʱ򣬼үֱӴվֽҴӵϲҵļʾһԵ
ҵȼү֮󣬲ϡ
үӽŲЦе˵֪ͼ壬ѪöɣϷûпСҲǸ˲ţĳɾͱȻүү֮ϡ
үӹˡڵ⣬в˵ǵǣϣԼҲǰûжɾ͡ôܻᳬԽүүЩȻ˵
Ȼүȴҡҡͷ˵÷Կຮĥѣôܳ򣿷һмϵĿʹߴĵʯӡж־ķȥ洳˵İΣͷҾͿˣϷһڣκ˶붯ļˣϷ˵󻰣֮£ܹͷ˵Ĳ࣬ǸϷʬ̤ȥС
ү˵⻰ʱĿ棬ԭһũϺƽƽ棬˿ȴɢ˺ܴĞųҸȷһ飬˼ҾǸеľ֡
ҿżүӵ۾ûɵһ֣̿˵үӡΪʲôҪôã
үصһЦ˵ϷҲΪ˱ϷʱүүȹһҵˣҲ֪ͼԣЩ㲻طϣҲϷӦġ
ҳһʵʶҸүү
үӵ˵ͷ˵ҲǼʮǰˣʱϷҲ˶٣Ҫүү棬ڼʮǰûˣҲкЩͷûмүүˣүӿǱͨ֮µһ֣Ǹֵþص˼ҡ
һ˵Ǹүүүӵ۾һַĵľη
ˣҲ֪Ϊɶүӻ˵ղǷԭҸүүȹԵʣЩɻǣүΪߵﲻܻڷԣΪʲôƫƫҪصſڿأ
ֻҪүҪǮ΢Ǯ͸ϰ׼һ
ҲүҲֻͼңƽһˣÿɹɹ̫鼸̣СҲôˡ
αٲֽϵǷǷǣҲʮ̹Ȼˡ
ҸүүжҲһʮֵл⡣
ָүӼ򵥵˼䣬һµʱ巢ݼү˵ʮңҸĸ׼̯ʱͻȻ˳С˵ֱӽҰ˹ȥǾͳһСӱ˹ȥ
ʱү˶ܿ׷˳Խ֮䣬ͱǵǰͷ˶
һʼǼ˲ûнϷ˶ԸϣҸĸӴܡ
û룬үӵΪ̫ˣֶҲеҵĸ֣ڼүȫƴɱ֮£غ֮ڣͱүú̹ӷֱԴǣѪ֮У󣬼үٴ׷ǼˣЩ˼ү̫׺ֻýҸĸ˵ϣûߡ
Щ˵ͦо֪ҵĸĸߣֻܱүȫɱ⣬ֻܷĿꡣ
үҲ׷̫Զ˵ɽ֮ƣǱ㽫ҵĸĸС֪ͨصǣǽҸĸһοֱڶ죬Žս塣


651 Ԥı
Ȼ֪ˣս֪ܿͨңŴҴææĸϻϳǡ
һ¹Щ˵飬ûзܹ֤ݵĵط
үҡҡͷ˵ֶθ°㸸ĸ˿϶д㣬ѾԤıܾˣ֮ǰҾͿİ⸽߶ģҲЩ֮ǰЩ˶ЩͨˣûʲôΪΪֻһЩϾӣȵģԭǱĸĸһΣҵնɱˣûüݣǵʬͿٵĸãһʬˮͷӶûʣ£ԼãЩҪԸ˺ܲ򵥡
Ĭĵ˵ͷٴʵϣЩ˿ʲô·
ɲ˵ϷѾˣ粻ֽ֮£ڵĽ࣬Ҳˣһضˡϳһ̣ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ӼҲòʲô̫ϢˣҲȽϵļĸĸһ֣뿪˴
Ǽүӵ˵ͷ˵߰ɣӣҪСĲǣǵĿĲĸĸ㣬߽˱ز٣˭߹ģģ㸸ĸһտõġ
ٴαʾ˸л뿪˴˴׷ӿ첽ȥ
ķӾص鲻ԶһС֮УסҲвصļС֮вٰصİȫҲŻѡ񽫷ȫϵԸࡣ
¥һš
Ƭ̣˽Ųһ򿪵ʱһżЦҵǰʱҴ⡣
СţûˣȥһȦҲҡѦСһ˵
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ҿһ˵ô㻹ӭѦС߷ʵ
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ҰһңҲϼˣҰֻһЩܵ˲СľţһңͿ˳Щί˵Ŷɻˡ
ɶޣû¶ô˶ˣҰְĺǳһ
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вɵЩݣүģֿǹݵİһҰ־ͱˡ
뺢ˣܿûĵġԽ˵Խ޵ĸˡ
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˵սѦС߳ţŸˡ
ѦС߱˵ЩʲôһͷԣҲתȥˡ
Źϵһ̣һߵ˸ĸߣ˫ϥһǵǰЩʵ˵֡裬ӲТܿˡ
ʱֹס˿ƹ˲輸һѾͽҲЩŵ˵СšҺû¶Ͻ
ק£һһǵߣʵ֡裬췢ʲô飬ܸ˵˵𣿡
Ұ̾Ϣһ˵ͦãҺһֱæʮӲ̯̯ʱͻȻź·ˣҵʱΪٵأ˵ɶɶֻҪ˾Уǻ׵ĺܣǶ˵ͳ˹Ĳ˵ҲģһЩҪףһǴ򣬿ЩҲ򵥰Ҳӣ˶ڣһϣһûע⣬Դһ£˹ȥɶ¶֪ˡ
ҲǡЩ̫ˣҿֱǴˣ͹ȥǣûˣͱ˴ˡСţЩ˵Ǹʲôİǲǵʲôϵˣеʵ
һֲǰ˽ҵԴˣҵҲǺǵģǿ߶Ҹ˶֣⵨Ҳ治С
ʱЩΣ֪ôش
ϵѾµˣЩﶼɱ˲գ۵ĺˡ
ʵҵϣֻǵһЩϵˣϾǶͨˣһʰǸƵģЩҪЩϵ˿ǧٱЩа̵ˣǲɱ˲գ۵ħͷ֪Ϊµġ


652 װͿ
Ҳشüͷ貢ûжʡ
ʱҰͻȻ˵ȥЩ뵥Сġ
һ㶣ʵɶ¶ܵҵ˵
үǵ¶ϹɶϽȥҰЩˡ
ȻЩϴԸ⣬ȴǳ˹ȥ
֮ﻹЩ֪ϰҪ˵Щʲôɫӡ
СҾҵеʱ򻹾ᣬбҵ֮ȥ࣬ˡħצȻͷʱֹ꣬ҵĵʶ˺ܶ࣬ȣҲǸëͷСӣǿҵЩȻη塣
ηڹģԺҳɳʲôӣ־η֮Ķı䡣
֮ϰֿһۣ˵ߣȥָ̨úġ
˵ţҰ־ֱҵ˹ȥŴˣֱӵ̨
ߵ֮ϰִһ̣һţݸң˵鲻飿
Ұǲ֪ҳ̵ģҲٳ飬ֻ鼫ȷƵʱ򣬲ųһŷһ£ȷʵͦƵģǴϵｫ̽˹үվ̨
һʱԵЩΣƬ֮ϰֲɫСţʵأҲ֪үүǸɶģ֮ǰҲ֪һЩ
ҵһ̧ͷϰ֣֪˵Щɶá
ϰȴԹԵ˵деģ汾´һˣүүûнǱ´ңʵңүүǲǽ´㣿
Ҽ̣һŵͷ˵ǵģүүǽһЩһСӣϴϰ֣Ҳ룬үү봫㣬ΪѵүĺѧЩܹ֮ѧЩҲȲѣʱҺСǴͷմȾһЩɾĶ
ˣ㲻ҪֽͣҲ˽⣬вûʲôԹԣʵӺСʱҾ֪飬ҵʶڳˣˣָҲͨ˿࣬ҲóϣӶһڶүүʱҲżңʱҲгҺ쵣£̾Ϊүү飬ܾȣͳɼ뿪ԣҵЩѧҲδǻ£ֶ⡣ϵĳ˵
ϰ˵вЩ꣬ԭʲôֻ֪ǴװͿʲôˡ
ϰֽͷ𣬽ٴ˵Ȼ·ҲԼѡ񣬰趼㣬һڱ֧һУҲõİ裬ԺһСĽԼߣǸСԱߵĵλһҲͨˣҲչ˰⣬ÿζͿģǲСӹ⽫ǰģǵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵֣лл㣬ллҡ
ӿɶֻͺãģ費㣬һҪСģҵĶ磬ҪиʧˣҺôͣҲٸСܵˡϰֿЦ
ϰ֣˵ЩôŪҺε˵ֻԴ˵֣ģҵıأҲµġ
ϰֵ˵ͷҲûٸҶ˵ֵˣ־͸˵Щ¶ѻأ˼Ҷڶͦõģչ죬Ҳܵǣȥɣ趼Сˣ£С̾ͽſš
ӦһҲûٶ˵ʲô֪һ뿪˼ңСȥ
ҵСſڵʱ򣬾ͿսѦСվСſĵ磬ҳ˶Ҵк
߹ȥһۣʵʲôأĵô
Сֵ˵أЩҩãһЩû죬ϵ˾ͺõĲˣ㿴ϸƤģѦҵҩǹã˵СֵǼӦðҩרԷ¸ûͻսٺЦ
ɣҩɴˣҪҩĲҰЩ鷳ҩҵã˵ˣѦβˣҪô֮ﷴ׸ѦСߵ̹Ȼ˵
ҿѦСߣƵСôģ֮ǰҲû֪һ
ϳǸƲ·ſڣصˣ˵飬Ծ͹˵ʲôôعأˣô㸸ĸ֣̫ôصˡѦС˵


653 һն
ҿɬҡҡͷңһ֪أôĵʲôա
˵ѦСҲûˣط꣬ǻϲ˱СһСӣһߺȾһ졣
ʱѦС߲Ҹս嵽Щ춼ɶȥˡ
˻һѾҺսһһǸѦС˵˸ţѦСէ಻ѣߣ˵ôûЩ˵УǱɽص˲
Ǵ˵ƥﻳ
û뵽ò˵ĶʦҲܸôһӡ
ҺãүүǱصֵܾĴãһΣҪȻһѴɽصεлų
һѦСߵǰѻľоĽΣ
һ˵ѦС߶ʱüɫ裬˵ǽĺãСԿƲľ֮˴ܣԴԼҩĲҩٰܿθֱ
Ҳ۲ѡ
ս棬ҪѦС߽ǻľóһƣѦСҲͦȣ˳սУֻǿһǻľԿ̵ķģ޲ڣ˵ǳڴ֣֮ѦСԵã˵ƵķʱսǿҪ°͡
˰ѾԻɢ˲е
ƺȵĲʱǲŽ̸תƵҸĸܵϡ
ʵ˶ԿЩ˰ҵĸĸǶϣĿĿ϶Ϊ˶ԸңԴΪҪЮ
ʲô˸ɵģ˰ҲûܽȻ
¶ôЩ֣ڵΪǶߣһЩͷˣҪԸңʦڣ֣Ҫңʲôѵ顣
ƫƫȴҪƫ棬ĵֶԸңЩֵѰζˡ
զǶңһҪӱСģβɹ϶һΣòڰҪº֣ܻа취ġ
ѦС߱ʾֵѣܲܣЩҴһ𣬰ҶɹѹأսҲʾϳصϼӷ޵ŵ֣Ȼһ¡
ȻҶ˵ȴַ񶨵̬ȣԽǲõܣ˾Խ֣ǴҲɵӡ
һжûбҪûһжǰǰ㣬ϡƽĹţõΪҲΪ⣬Ϊҷ˾裬ٴж
ǿԵģǲԣһанУҴԼһնЩȻһ¡
ҷͷͷǵҲЩͰ˵ô
һپƺȵ˺ǲŷֿѦС߸һؼסһսһСסţҲ̫Զ
صָ֮ѦСһִҪһЩҩҩۣ˵ģ˵ģǷιƶЩҩۣҪһЩ
һһûи׵Ķ֣ǳǸݹţϴɳͽܣҲǸЫӵûüŪҺս壬Ҳʹ˷Ҳò
һȻɣҸĸܵ飬ҲǲݹЩ
ĳ̫ˣЩľԱоǵˡ
˵Щĸо
ѦСڣʵ˲١
ڶѦСһߣҾ͸Ӵһ绰һʱ䶼ڵλҪţҲҪȥٵĵط
׽ѳ֮⣬С־ǿǶϴѧӦòܵ
Ȼ֪ڸɶ˵أҲûжʣֱӦ
ָǿһ绰ҲҪ߶ǴĳﲻҪ
ǿȽϽҵ׳ʲô飬Ҳûи˵˸ǿȴһҸеЩ飬ǾҹܻѾˣǿһǼľƵ꣬ڸǿþ
ȥĸаˣҾ⡣
źЩ֮սǱҲΧһЩڣСΧһЩ̯˶صˣҲսܹĳ
£ÿ֮⣬û¶ʱ͵תƣʱվһεĽ䣬ҸĸǸС̿ϰ죬ÿһˣûʲôֵ˹ȵһ˺ü죬ûκζ
֮£ֻõжԼһ˴ŶʦϳһЩƫƧĽĴ߶ϣ˿䵥Ȼ͵Ϯҡ
ֵǣûκζһȻɣЩǲѾ˶Ըҵͷ


654 СŮ
ڰ׼׵͵ŵȻһڶȥˣǱûκζһֱŵ񾭲ЩиԼоȻȤ
룬ӦþڰмǵһһһеĲģǻע⵽ߵķҲһֱȴʱ
ֵȴʵһ尾ڶԴ˵Ǳֻɳһ˼ҵһһȴҪصֲѦСҲС
飬үүǱ߿϶ҲõϢΪүӻ绰˵ЩʲôүǱҲûж֪˼ǺæأΪԼܹ׵ͬʱҲǶҵһֿɣҾүӷĵǣصſڵļִүӣǸľ֣ΪڣүӲž˸룬ܹƿס棬ҵܵ˺
үҲʵ
ֹ˼죬ûκζ
ս嵹ûʲôֻЩЩֲסˣڸصĵطţһϰ죬һ˿ͲסǷݼįȥɱɱĺãֵȴʵЩ
ѦСҲЩԹԣ绰ҷɧʻҪȵʲôʱҲеģ⣬Ҳ޷ش𣬹֪ȵʲôʱ
Ǳ߸һûУ֪˼үڰĸ֣ٶˡ
ֱºĳһ죬͵ҿҪʱͻȻͷһʼδ顣
һ죬Ҿһ㣬֮󣬴Ŷʦ֣ڰʱ֣ϳǵĽãǾҸո߳С˷ʱһŻСŮ˹ǸСŮͲʮģЦģϻСѣ߹ʱһΪҪĻСӣһ㶼ǼͥЩѵģ㹤׬㻨Ǯѧҵ飬һܰͰƳ١
ֶѾ˿ڴǮʱǸСŮѾߵҵߣҵ硭ǽ𣿡
СŮʳʱȻһ֪϶ʶľͳɨһۣʲôվΧûС
ȻȺϢ˵ͦ࣬е˲УҲȻ
ջĿ⣬СŮ˵ҾǣСã¶𣿡
СŮ˵ͷֽ˻һŷ⣬ݸң˵硭Ұŷת㡣
ͷһŷ˹ûż򿪣ǽһ䣺Сã˭תҵģ
Сתͷղĵطһָ˵˾Ǳߡ
ǵո˵仰ʱͻȻɫЩɻأղŻվģһת۾Ͳˡ
ҲǸСŮָŵĵطһۣûʲôվڰҪǲҷǵĻмַ
ҷѰң׼Ǹŷ⣬ŷǺͨһ֣Ұ̵ȴŷϾͲ鲻Ȼ
ŷͦģ֪װʲôԥ˺һŴ򿪵ģЩŷᱻֽţǾϴɽ¼֪һֺзŽƶ֮˷ʤ
ڴŷ֮ǰѦСߵһЩιƶҩۣͿĨϣŴǸŷ⣬ŷ򿪵һɲǼ䣬ҵ۾ʱ͵ˣһѪֱţʱתһ㣬ɫҲܺÿ
ӻ΢΢ζһ¡
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һǿԼһĻҪɤһ㡣
ѾûǸСŮĹػϸĿŷĶ
ŷװżƬһһСֽ
ƬϵʧһһΪ֮һǸŮˡ
Ů˴˿廨Ҳסˣһ˫ˮĴ۾ǻֺ̿ܵĪľš
ļƬҲģģӰУôƬֻһ飬Ǿǰ˵
֮ԱץһȫΪҵԵʡ
ʧһ˵ֵ˱ʡ쵼һ˾ټҰǨˣֻ붼ˣӴ֮ǾҲûκϵ


655 Ը
ôҲ뵽һҵõϢȻһַʽ
һֱҾѾҪҵˣʱ˿̣۾֣ˮĴ۾ٴαһ£ۣ̫ˣ
ǷֿˣҲϣĺܺãӦѾǣµѣѾӣҸ
һ˾ϣһжãҲõҸΪҵѾƽˡ
ҵһ쵣£ɼ뿪ûм̵ӡ
ûһϣԼŮ˹룬µ
ôҲܽܣйһŮˣ˿̱˵ҪЮҵĳ룬廨
һʼʹͱˣǻŭ
Ⱥڰļһ̫ôǶˣ
һʼҪҵļˣûܳɹֿʼŮˣһ޶ûС
ҷģһҪȺΪ˸صĴۡ
ôġ˿̵һֻӹ
һˣǵǴõ䣬Ǵʲô;֪Һйһأ
飬־ǿСǶ̫˽⣬ûи
Ӻ͸ǿ˽һҲʮ
֪ȷʵҲ٣޼ŵүĶ죬Ҳʮ
ܾãԴһҸүйһ֮ү⸶ӦòٶҶ֣֪ҵҲ֪ҵĵƣһүǿĺܣڵİ׵ģҵĶ֡
ңԸߵߣһˣһԺΪܲǷǾ;ǣһߣаߴ˹ϵͻʮֱң϶ܵصصĴֱ
ү˵ĹȥǸ׵Ķȴ˵׼ˣһξȻʬԸңһ˵ͻһЩĽɫʰҡ
СرͣһҽʰôңŵԶ̩һ
˵СӼҷ˶ıѾ͵͵Ĵ̩ˣֿʼĥʲôԸˡ
пܣҲֻ뵽ҪЮҡ
һ뵽оЩݣСӵĻһҾԲŹֱŪΪֹ
ΪһΣѾȫŭˣҵĵߣ˭ҪǸҶҵļ˺ѣҾԸݡ
ǼƬһʱ࣬һ㡣
硭
ʱһҵĶҴʧ״̬˹
ҵͷһǸСŮȻվһĿҡ
ôˣãȻʵ
ղǸ˸˵ˣ˵Ҫǽŷ㣬ҺܶǮġСŮһ˵
ѾŷĶĿըˣû뵽˻һ֣Ҫȫŭ
СŮһεı飬һǴӿڴ˼ٿǮݵСŮУСŮǻϲĽ˹ȥ˵˵лл㣬磬Ǹˡ
˵գСŮҾһתҪߡ
ʱҺһ˵Сãȵȡ
СŮͣ˽ŲңʵСãղŸŷ˳ʲôӣܸ˵˵
СŮһЦҾ˹ҪǮĽࡣ
û뵽һСŮȻҸղŸļٿǮѾһµĻˣȻҪһ̰ĸо
ûа취ͳ˼ٿǮݸСĽǮװ˿ڴЦ˵磬Ǹŷˣλ壬ʮӣźӣղڿϵ»ſʱŷݸҵģָһ¡
ʶĳſϵ»ſڿһۣվŲˣȴûСŮ˵λԶˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵߰ɡ
СŮһۣĳһ˳ȥһֱ߳˺ԶҷǻûĻֱӶһԵͰ
ǰɣҺüٿǮ⻨ˡ
ܸоСŮҲܲ򵥵ӡ
ǸСŮԶ֮ŷﻹһֽǽƬóֽϸĿ
ֽдĺܼ򵥣Ϊͨ壬ȻǹΪ֮ǲ˿˭Щġ
дҪŮˣݳǣϣһҪȻõĽһʬ壬⣬ڿʼҪ绰ҪͼκһϵԸ


656 ʬ
ǳвΪ룬Ҳµһע
ڶһᵥǹƥȥ
ҿԲȥȻᱻɱ
ںһӣ
ûЩѵİæûصǿĺܣƾڵʵԸЩڰĸ֣ܻŻ
Զ׼ֲǹضүԵᣬȡϽ׼̽ȡҪҸүүʮ֮һΪȻҲǺηġ
Ҿңһ뽭ëͷСӣΪȻվŶֵľ뻹ʮǧһңǵȦȻ
ҵžҵһֱԥ
ŵ˼һֱڹ۲ң϶Ҳǲó塣
ɵӣȻϳжҶ֣ҵĴӪ
µʱ֮ڣǹ۲쵽޿ɳ֮ʱ򣬾뵽һ취Ǿǰ
ǧпܵвѶ֪ͨһ飬עⱣԼôҲ뵽ǻҪЮҡ
ٴ̧ͷܿһۣûעߵĶɨһȦ֮һ
ǣұ۾еȫ߶УʼÞųĲΧϢֻҪߣ϶ٶɢһɞųӦұӦϢ
ҿ붨֮󣬶ʱΧһƬںڰ֮УԺ˼㣬΢΢һЩЩߵķλȻ۾ȷ˷λҷԲ֮ڣߣһģڸ̳֮ڣ̧ͷȥʱ㿴̳¥һ鲣棬һ˫۾һֱڶҡ
ֻҪ׽סһͺá
ҿ¥ķʱ˫۾ƺҲע⵽ң˽Ųֱӳ̳¥ȥһһɲǼ䣬ǸӰҲˣת̳ȥ
ھ̫ԶûпǸ˵ģ˫۾ȴҵ
һͳ̳˽ȥŵһ񱼵¥
̳ܴ¥Ǹкüƽ׵ĳУܶﲻһ¥֮Ҿ˵ݵͨȻٴα۾еߵϢ
ֻոյһֱǬֻͻȻˡһ춯ˣæóֻһһİĵ绰룬绰ԾͲӦǱֽš
̾˹ſ϶صĵ˷ġ
֮ҿһۣǶϾͶ̶̵ļ֣ˣУϿ춯ݳǣʮ͵ʬɡ
һţҵľͳһ£ڵʱǰӣھͶҪݳǵĻҲҪĸСʱڲ³֮£ǲκ׼ʱ䣬ֻһҹȥ
ܼȡ
Щڰ߼Ǳҵʲôأ
ͻȻͨˣܹŹҵˣ϶ʲôҪɫǱ׽סҲʲȻἤŭǡ
գһǷ׷ټҵˣֱӳ˴̳棬һߣһ߸Ǹİĵ绰һţǵ˭ôȷİȫ
Ƭ֮󣬺ܿžͻ˹ϣûѡҪôҪôʬ
ȻֻһţҪȷİȫ
ǱߺܿصݳǣȻͿǵ޵ģʮ㣬Ǿɱˡ
ȥôģ
һֻ˵ĳ嶯顣
¸ǺãڵȫǣűߣûκηӦء
ûа취Ŀǰ˵ֻܰ˵ȥʱһһţҺɣǹʮͻ֡
һԼŮ˶ˣкأ
Ů˻ڵġ
һŬԼƽԼԽΣյʱԽǲܻңİ취˭ȲңֻܿԼ
ƽ֮ȻҾͳŻվķ첽ȥߵͬʱҲһֱܹ
ʱ䣬صҲһֱãȴЩ˹ңÿŵʱܻһЩص˰иңһԣټʮ֮ȫϵ
ǰûãͿһصվ·ڣһװڳ̡
ҿʱҲңһ£Ǹװʶңܿתͷȥķ˹ȥ


657 ֪ͨϴ
ߵߵʱǸص˱תͷңҼǰߣȻ˵˵˵֪ͨϴںң˷֡
Ȼ˵СǸ˿϶ˣҲͣٵĳŻվķȥ
վĲǺԶ˼֮󣬴Լʮ֮˻վ
ĿĲ𳵣ǸҵַȻѡģΪϳûֱݳǵĻ𳵣еĻҲһͷֻڻվһڳ߸٣ֱͨݳǣٶȻ࣬ҹʮ֮ǰݳûʲôġ
ЩڰļһҲҪκһϵһɵͶȥûصǿԮĻƾԼȥ·һ
ҲὫеϣصϣؼҪԼһӦǡ
֮ҪСġ
ڻȷʲôˣҪЮʲôĿģҪɱأ뷨
һ˻վҾͳЩڳľۼ˹ȥккü˴չȥģֱӸЩ˵ȥݳǣĿԶ׼ҾҪص˸ң֪ȥʲôط
ܿ죬˾ͱ˼ۣ˵٣˱ĸ͡
գѡһʮˣĳǸ±˸Ƶģһϳͷ˳ӣϳǵĳǽʻȥ
Ȼ°ĸ߷ڣ·ͦµģ˾ʦ·רһЩСߣ˲СʱƳϳǣһϳ֮˾ߵĵطЩͷǳŸ·ķʻߵĹ
ҶʱЩŭˣû˵ʦͣһ£ȥݳǣΪʲô߸٣
˾תͷ˵Ƕ߸Ҫչ·ѵģüǮҪȻһٺ١
ȥԭأҪƽʱ飬ǵøСһɣôҲôһ٣طҪȥҳžۣҪһ١
߸ٵĻȥݳǶСʱҪ߹ٶȿ϶СʱпܣݳǣͲˡ
ԭ˾ͦʵһ֪֪࣬治֪ġ
ż·Ҳִֻǳ˵ҪӶ٣
١˾ָͷǰһΣЩһ˵
ЦһﵽݳҲİ··һٶȻҪ٣ҲںЩǮֻǾ˵Ʒʵ̫ˡ
û˿ڣ˵ͷ˵ãپ١
ϣƺðɡ˾ת˳ͷܿ쳯Ÿ·ķʻ
һʼʱһѰһ˾ȥΣգ˼ңѰߵݳǾϽ۷ȥû뵽ˣʱûɶˣٿǮգû
Ӻܿ˸٣ұ۾ڳǱУʱţҪԼʱ̱ѵս״̬ΪѵͷԣӦ䡣
û룬λ˾ڰ·ָ۶ӣһϢͻȻͣ˳˵ûˣҪطͣȻ˵ϴǮͼʮǮžǮҲҸˡ
Щ̰ˣȻգҲС˼ƽϣҳǮͣſųӼݳǵķʻ
Сʱ֮Ǿ͵ݳǣһյ˵طҺܿյһţæһ˵ӲҪͣǰݳǵߡ
Ҫضŵʱ˾ߴҸϽǮҪ뿪
붼û룬ֱӴǧǮ˾˵һҪȥһطҹȥ˵طٸǧǮ
˾һҳô󷽣ӴƭŪߵǮһһӦ˵طٸǧǮ
˾ʱֵƨƨߵģڴӦ
ΪΪʳǼǮۿ
ҵǧǮ֮˾ٴη˳ӣųеɵʻ߶ȥ
һ·ڴ˾ͣ˳ӣ·ߣȻ˻һţǴӦҵģһҵݳǣҸ˵Ҫ֤ŲС
Ǳ߶źܿ˹ûѡ񣬸ϽҵķԸȥҪȻ͵ʬ
Ҷʱŭˣֻܿ˹ȥȷţǲȥģһɢҲҪ̫ˣ
˴Լ֮һֱûлضţһƬǲᶯֱӽɱ˰ɣ


658 Ͳ
ҵĺʼЩ֮˵Ҳûκ̣ϾǵҪĿǶԸңұҪȷİȫҪȻҹȥˣҲˮһգСûˣҲȲ
ھǸǶģĿ϶Ǳߡ
Ȼֵ˴Լ֮ҵֻˣǷŵǸİ룬ȲĽͨ˵绰ȥ
ʱһŮ˵Ͳﴫ˹СŸ硭㲻ҪңǧҪ
žһƺϣʱûϢ
һҵ絶һĴʹ
ʹҸ˵ۿʱ;һȣҲЩ΢΢ᣬҪ˵Щʲôʱǵ绰ͻȻһӾ͹ҵˡ
ָожܣںԴǱ˺ݺݵĴһӣ졣
ҿȫȷǸģҾԲ¼¼˷һֱܹġ
ֻһûü˵һ仰Ǳ߾Ѿҵ˵绰
ŵ绰Щ΢΢оҪһ㡣
ʱֻĶһ£ҴһǸ˷ģд˻ţѾˣ㰴ҵĻ£ҪȻҿɲ֤ܻá
Ƶ˾·ֻܰǵķԸ£ҿŶŵʱǰǸ˾ͻȻתͷʵ˵ۻ߲ˣȥģ
̧ͷ˾һۣûɵһŭȵ
˾ƺɫԣ˫ۿ϶һƬѪ죬ɱʱͲٷϻˣæ˳ӣݳǵʻ
ܿ죬ӾͿݳǣ˽ӽֿСʱǵǰͻȻһĦгǴԼʮ׵ľ롣
ҿĦгʱֻٴһ£һдǰĦгߣʱʲôط³
ûлظֻǸǰ˾˵һ£Ħгߡ
˾ƺоЩԾˣͻȻһЩתͷЩֵ̿һ䣺ǶҪȥİ
ϻǮһҲģֻܿˡҲ˵
ԽСӾԽǺҲû֮ǰǰˣЩ˵˵ǡҪɣҡ⳵Ʋӣһ˺üˣ˶ǮҪôŰɡǧǮҲҪˣ³Լȥһ˻Ҳڽȥ
ԽżСԽǸ鷳ɵٴŭգѹ˵㿴ֽٳʵĿĳҵ˵طȻߣҪǸҽҷڰϣɱ㣬ԣ
Сˣݺݵһĭ˵ˣתͷȥСĵĿų
ʱͻȻһǳҪ飬ȥվ֮ǰص˴һͷ֪ͨս壬˸
Ȼһ·֮ϣûиŹĳ֪ǵ̫ΣֱӽҸˣһ·֮ϣ沢ûʲô
Ǹˣ͵̫鷳ˡ
ҲСĽһ·֮ϱȻҲ˲ߡ
ǰһ·̣Ҳˣֱӿ˻ĽҰ⣬ǰĦгһֱûͣ˼
һͷֿһֻۣûʲôﲻ㷲
ڴʱһɲŹԣҲײǰϣҿǰһ£һ
ûҷӦ˾͵һ´˳ţֱ˳ȥʱ·񱼶ȥ
һСҪܣһţæ򿪳žҪȥ׷ֳҲˡ
һƳųȥű򿪣æ˳ӣҪȥ׷ǸСӡ
ҪǲܣܹһܣСͲˡ
գۼĹСӾͱ˰׿⣬ҳϽͣСӲٶȻӿһЩ
ڴʱͻȻһԵĲݴһˣһܵ˾ϣ˹һҽ֮˾ûȻǱ˸ɱˡ
аգҪȥʱǰǸĦгҲͣҺϽߣ㲻𣿡
ͲǼһȫǾȡù
ַǳԱߣ˼ʻҲϤǿԿ˳֮ǰĦгҲǰߡ
ӿ֮ҸĦг˴ԼСʱĹ⾰ʱҴӺӾͻȻһʼĸҵ


659 ټ
мҵľ룬ǴһСϴġ
ʱҲ֪Լʲôطֻ֪Ǵݳǳ֮һֱУһʼǰ·͵·һ·ӿݣò⿪ļֲզأȫ֤ʻ
·֮󲻶ãʹһԵĲ·ڸ˹ҴӺӾкܿע⵽
ֻɽҰ룬ҹϲгֵط
ֿܣһ⳵пص˸ǰڰĵˣϾҺ·á
ʱѾǵİΧȦǵϾҪʼˡ
ںûжãҵֻһ£һһĶţдһʵȻ˹ˣûϵ㺦ǡ
ţһѵ죬Щ̥˵
ҴӺӾһͻȻӴ򻬣һ³ԱߵĹȻһɲҪ³ȥæû룬ҸոƿţǰĦгͶסſڣ˵Ů͸ңٸţұ֤ܿͻǸŮ˵ʬ壡
˵գµĦгһһ¾ͳ˳ȥ
˿̵Ҿޱȣ³ˣֵİΣԥ֮䣬Խĳ࣬ͻȻ߰˸ˣӷӵȥ
ܿҲüɽװˣ˵͸Щ˴
ƣЩصҲһԿص˸ǾӢֶηǷһʶ
΢ԥһ£һǾǸĦгļһߡ
û취ȫˣûбѡ
ٴη˳ӣĦг˼СǰУĦгļһٶȺܿ죬ӵĹ⾰򶷵ѾӰˡ
ʮ֮ǰɽ·խҿƲѾ޷ǰˣĦгҲͣһƬïɽʻ˽ȥֻ˳첽Ħг׷˹ȥ
ïܵɽ֮䣬ƣû·ѰĦгҲ죬ں滹ܹ׷ϵġ
һ׷ĦгһСĹ۲Χƣоһﵽû֡
ǼȻ϶ΪҪɱңҹ¾룬ᣬ˵һʮΣյľء
û취鵽ֵزֻӲͷƤˡ
׷Ħгɽ֮аСʱҲ֪ܳȥ˶ɽ·
Ѿʮ·ˡ
ط³ɽܣطҴûĵһ֪
׷׷ţǰĦгͻȻӿٶȣһ޴죬Ħгܿû˶һ£СŲҲʼŻĦгʧĵطȥ
вʱƹһƬСӣһƬյش˺ᵹڵϵĦгղǼһǽĦг֮ʧˡ
ĿѾﵽˣƬɽֵĸأ·˾ͻһ²Ŷԣ
ҴǬһ½ͭǮ˳ûпĦгǾĳţƬ֮ȴû˳
ѾˣôţǴͷڹ꣬¶𣿡
˵
һ䣬ǰͻȻһ߳һƣӰһ˳ֵʱбһʶ
ϴһĺۣ˶ǿĺ֮УݣװɢĞųһһ۾ϳ
֮ǰһڸ߸ڴ帽ͷңʱҺͻнȫնɱһ֪ͨص˹ʬصĹȥ֮󣬷ʬͲɡ
ʱΨһˣ۵ļһ
ֱڣҶ֪һﵽʲôˡ
Ǹƣͣһʮ׵ĵط˵ϷûС㣬ҵǹƥĹڽ֮ͷʢĺ֮㡣
ϻ˵㵽ʲôˣΪŴҵ鷳еͭǮָǺˡ
Ǻվ֮󣬵˷Ĵ֮УͻȻֳʮ˳ٴνŰЩ˵߳һˣüۣһڿ۾ûһźɴ֡
һʮӣߵǺߣҿһ֮󣬲Щм˵һΣСУ˿ҲһɫҿΪҲһ


660 Ͷ
Ǻ˶ǸļһĳЩã˵ΆϵܣûмʶСӵͲҪ˵ԶԶû㿴ŵ򵥣ҪȻнʬźʬ֣ɥУȸҲˡһʮֿµҵʱһλԳ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦͽͻȻ֣ϷƻҪȻܻ졭
ΆһԼĺڿ۾߿˹һЦ˵˵ģʱûţСӵŮ˳ĵǲҪҽһֱţҵŮˡ
ļһ˵ҲĿģҪȳǰܵ
ΆļһҼĵһ𣬾;ôʮ񣬻͸©һʮľͷ
˵˼ʱеɱ
ҳܵ˿һۣ˵˶ѾˣǰܵǸŮǲҪأֻҪǸŮˣҪɱҪУϤˣһ嶼ûУδЩ̫˰ɣ
ҪܽСӺƹʲôЦϳǱϷأ˳͢ӥȮһУǵطʰ㣬ûʲô𣬲СӼȻеο϶ǲˣν֮ҾͿԺúСˣСӹҵİҪҪģҪǵƭ㣬ͰӲϹˣȥٺ١
˵⻰ʱΆ䣬治һ
ϻ˵ˣҪȻƴһҲ׵֣ŭ˵
˿϶ǲŵģСӻҪúһͶֵֹ˭أΆЦš
Ц䶨ƴͭǮͳ˹ȥ
ͭǮâһѸ磬ɳȥ֮󣬶ʱɢǴΆͬʱҲǸˡ
ϵǻ鶼ĳǻʲôĵ鲻أ
ǲǲˣһҪɱҡ
Ψһľʱ䣬ս󲿶ӸϵЩһټ
ʱѾ֪ͨϳصˣսȻõҵϢҵ٣ҪȻҲһص˸š
δЩ̫ˣ˵ǰ棬Ҫǵ˸ˣǺܿͱǸʶˣҲ֪Щصû⡣
ȷѣȡȨһͽƽһƬңͭǮֱΆǺˣҽڻ˯еĶʦִǬ˳Щ˹˶˹ȥ
ʦֺôһţһ¾˵һ˳˹ĺ˵ϣ˽ʦֱڻﻹһ£֪Ǹʲô
ȻӦʱ򣬶ʦѾ۾ϿʼһƬ죬һĻʱڶһǺ˵˫ָˣؿҲȼһŻ档
һĲҽл˲񷣬ܿӿǺľ͸ˣܣƬ̵ĹǸ˾ͱճһŻҽɢһء
ʦһ֮󣬺ܿǸϱֳĺ˹ȥ
Щ˵ʦ־Ǹɱκ˶ǵʦʱǿһš
ʦһ֮Щ˼ʦֵײ֮һŵķңΨֱ֮һʱֳҲƿصס
̵֪һ飬ǾǺ˺ΆΪҪЩ˸߳࣬ǲΪѲĽɫ
ҳΆͺ׳ͭǮʱ̾˾һΣ㳯ɢҳɱ˹
Ǻ˿һ˫֣˫֮ϺɱΆõһѿĿ󿪴ģһĳ˹
һ־ɢĴͭǮʱһٴλһâҵУûȥǺˣҳΆɱȥеͭǮΆеĿ󿳵ײһʱ򣬶ʱдһ޴ķ֮ʱŸоСӵ׺治һĽɫ
ҸոոΆУǺ˾ͳһצӾͳҵĺץ˹
Ҳǰ˷һΣͶ˹ȥΆȴǷһţҵؿ˹һżأߵѪӿ͵˳ȥոչ˵ϣ;ͷͻȻһŴǵء


661 
һ¿϶ˣǲڴ˵ңǲú޵͵ء
һǵУȴû뵽ô죬ûϼУҾҪǸˡ
вʵңӶûͳһԹ˹ȥȡһЩӳŴķΧһһոҪȥʱǵصĴȫסȻٵս
ŴҲ˵ķʹ£ԽԽĹ򣬾ͽҰһӡ
ͭǮȴ޼ƿʩȻʱΆǺ˸Գ˹
Άһ׺ݵӣ޲һҪɱҵӡ
Ƕ˼ߵʱ򣬶ʦֿգܿ˶ԸЩˣֱ߶
ʦϵԽԽһýˣܸоϴһȵˡ
ΆǺ˳嵽ҵߣʦ־ͺҵǰܣƲɵ
Ǻ֪ʦֵӲ壬ΆղҲʶ˶ʦֵĿ֮Ҳæͣһʱͽʬ
ʦֱ۾ʼѪ죬ʱͻȻһ⣬֪ǲǶʦϵĻ̫ʢԵʣҷֶʦֵƺ࣬ǰһһ򵱹Īơ
ЩΆͺ˽ҺͶʦΧһԲȦ֮У
Ŭٴ£Ŵ͸һЩյһĹͷۡ
ôģ⵽Ǹʲô
ǶһЩС֮ǰиصЩйϵȡЩ㶨СӣϽתƵȫشǺЩ˵
ðĶǸʲôžʮּ֣㲻Ū˵զ죿ΆȻЩջ𣬶ںճֵĶʦЩ޲ߡ
Ǻ˽˵ⶫޣֻڻֵܳĺ֣ʮһʰޣȥ£סɱ˵дã
˽ܶʦֵΆϺֳܿŵɫ벻ܹӻ֮нʦ޴
˵䣬ǺһΣٴγʮֹ죬ϴҾͼùһУ˲ж貨΢ƵģʮιĪ⡣
ǺһΆܿҲŴ󵶳˹
ʦһǺ˳һ죬Ά³һССĻ棬ǻʱ˻ӭΆƮ˹ȥ
ΆȻ֪ʦ³ʲôǿ϶֪գκֶδֻõͷܡ
³һС֮󣬶ʦ˫Ѫ۾ź˵ΣԴҡһΣƺҪס١
ܿ죬ǺһΣͳҵһ࣬һֳץ˹
ȻұŴţ˫ֻܶģǺ˳ץһָһͻõշͳź˴˹ȥ
ջı£ӡϴѧֶΣΣ̣֮һͣܿͻһշ䣬ͳź˴˹ȥǺȻûзɳץ˹
Ȼշһ֮䣬һϣסǼһħצǺһץײ֮ϣʹһҺߣ˳ȥ
һץ֮£ǵϺܿѿ
ڴʱʦȡһЩʱ䣬ʦס˺˵Σٴγ˹ȥ
ǺһΣٴֵ̤ĲŶʦֵ׷ʦֱӴ˱𴦡
ʦӻЩֻҪԸǺˣȫΧһЩڻ
û˶ʦֵıЩ˷ҳ˹
˿̣ΨһܹľջıˣһȺĵշ䣬ĸλ˳ȥ
ĵշ䣬ˮһ㵴ֲҵ˷һ֮䣬֮С
ȻЩ˲֪շΪշһ͸ĻȻײ⻤棬һֱӱ˳ȥײıס
ǻҲֻ΢΢һ˿ѡ
һĵշ䣬ʮģЩߣҵĵԴԴϵ֮һ֮ٴδ߶еάסĵշĻʱЩ˿ҡ
ұҪʱ䣬ȴսصĴ󲿶ӹң˳㽫ȳ


662 ü
ŬάĵԴԴϵӿҵĵҲоЩ֧ŲסϾǰһʱҲŸոѧֱɽǻ֮ڼִһʱ䣬ȫգرһշĻά
ĵЩΪѡ
շ䲻ֻлû򵥣ͨķ࣬еķԽֵÿԱаеĿլʮ㣬շֽͨķӸûֽΪ壬ߣֱ߶˴󲿷ֵģ˵ǽӵ˼µһֱ֡
ֻϧĿǰֻշķţоȻү粢ûнĿұȫǽƾЩϴϼصȫѧˣҲ˲õ
ĵεĻҵߣĿǰ˵ʱǰȫġ
Щ˲֪ʲô飬Ŵ󵶳ÿÿ˳ȥ
ҲǹƵģҶѾֵĴסˣȴûκΰ취
ּһõģս壬Ҷô󲿶ֲסˣû˹
ٹһҹƾˡ
۲һܵΣΧߵЩʱõģһʱҵĻ
ǺŶʦڸȦӣ۵ĶʦֱֺҲ˲Ǻ˷ֺǺҲմʲôˡ
ΆǸļһﱻʦ³ĻŵĴҴܣƫƫʦ³С͸ƵģʼסΆΣ׷ƨɺ治ţŵΆ۴С
ⳡˬ죬˵˼ҵŮ˶ҶһҷŪɵȱɡ
ΪָܼʮʮӵʱͻȻҶһ춯ųȻ䲨
άĵշңʱľ
иˡ
֮ɢǿųоصŵļүеһƴ
ȻûмүӶ֣ÿÿһ˵ʱҶܸоһĪѹ
˱ͬǿĞų
ѽԡǼү˰ɣ
뵽һϲˣﻩ춯Ƭ֮ͻȻһӰһΣͳҵǰԲǼүӡ
ȻͿȥЩ󣬵ǱȼүҪһЩŨüһǰɫüëиʮ꣬һװϣʮ㣬һ֣㳯ųɨһȦ⳯߿һۡ
򡭡ҰҳŲסˡΆǰüëİͷӴʮңȻ۵Ĳˡ
ǰüëջĿ⣬һ֮䣬͵ΆԣһƽƵһԣƵ톴һʺˤ˵ϡ
ǰüë˼־˫ƽƽǰһƣҶĻ죬Ǹʦ³СۿžҪײǰëϵʱ򣬶ʱת˷򣬳һԵһôײ˹ȥ
䡱һ죬ǿôʱȼˣȼ˴Ƭӣ沢ûӣĿȥҲ죬գۼĹǿôͱֵȼոɾɢһصĳ
һȺôʱ䶼㲻һëСӣҪȺãǰüëŭһ䣬ŵЩΧҵĺȫ˵ϣͷֹţ
ʱҲ׹Щ˱ȻһصħħԸҵġ
ڴʱǺһǰüëļһԣظĵȻҲǱ׷Ķʦ׷ûƢ
ʦһǺˣʱٴ׷˹ǰüë
һʦˣжʱüëΪǷͬСɣʦçײ׷ȥ˵Դ
ʦ֣ȥҿշͬʱŶʦִһ䡣
ȻŭյĶʦȻǱŭͷԣûͣϵĻڵˣӱ˺üȦһͳǰüëͺɱȥ
ǺЩ־ĺǰüëڿʦֵʱҲЩ죬ɫ䣬ܿ죬ǰëһŶʦ־˹ȥ
ǶҲûɶһ¾ײ˶ʦֵϣʦִһڵϹȦǰüëһ־ǸײɶʦֵĶڿնϸһоһأ


663 Ū
һʼʱ򣬴ӰüëʦֵǸûпǵǰüë÷ڿնʱҲſķǶһʼʱ룬кâ֣ٵԾϰգȻٵı˲ʹ˺ü
ⶫоеǸϽЩ񣬲еϽǷرգһɷҵĴȱ֮УüëõĶЩаĺˣҲ˵Ǹʲô
ԾȻյʱ򣬾ͱ˸һСֱӳŶʦֵķ˹ȥ
龰군ˣʦֹҪ׽ʦһ˽ס߿϶ҲСжʱޱȻȻ
һģȴֻĿǸаķŶʦֿһ׼ͷʮֺãýʦֿһš
ʦʱŸոͱѹ棬ʦֱϾǸޣǶҵײǶۡ죬ϵҪϵջȥ˲䣬һĶʱʦֵ֮յһƬ졣
ǰü龰ҲЩȻгԾһޣײУСǿ֮ǵԺ󳤴һЩǻ˵ã
˵ţǰüëٴ־ָǸǷ֮϶ʱк˳Χиֶַ챻ʦѿǸʱ࣬պķҲָɫģ
ʦջǲǰüë
ʱҸо춼Ҫһ㣬ʦֶˣҪʰ˿϶ˡ
ˣһûзĵֿͣĴ߶ŵ֮еάշϡ
ܿ죬Άһǰѿݺݵĳҳ˹кСӣʲôޣӸɱˣҲж˿飬ȻŮ˸˯ˣ
ŭʢղűʦ³С׷ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ûע⵽ߵĶųʱ򣬶ʱһײ˻֮ϣһ¾ͽ˳ȥԴ϶һϰϵĽš
ǰüëһ۵ϵΆεҡҡͷЩɸֵζȻһһҲôд
ֶΣȻǱǰüëüͷ΢΢ɫΪʬҵĺˣҴֶۣҲǷͬСɣշֶΣϷҲǿ۽磬첻̡
˵ţǰë˽Ųһһ߶
ÿǰ߶һҵľͳһ֣ϵĞųҲŶȻǿ󼸷֣һһ󿨳ӭײĸо
һŲϳҿİüͷһĵطͻȻͣһֻ֣մһģǰǵշĻʱˮһҲзֳ
üëٴεͷɫ澫ֻǻǷ̫࣬ϧˡ
˵ŻǰüëϵͻȻӴһ³ǻ˹ԺһѰ죬һƺһ㣬ȫѪҺڣĻ̡
ǰǵֱӱüëһƸĵϡ顣
һûзٴδ߶˵еλĻҵǰסǰüëȥ·
ǰüëŲͣЪһǰߣһȥЩÿһȥͻһѣҵߵʱѾܵ˺ǿķ֮һſڣһѪ˳һЩڵء
ҧţǴ򲻹Ҳܶ
վҲ
ǰüëվҵߣһ˫ڰ׷۾Ķҡ
Άһû˷ʱһƤҩƵ޺޵С飬Ҳ㣡
еĵҪҿȻȵҵϣǰüëһֻ֣ץסΆӣͳ˵ڻŻء
ΆüëĻýȥģеһЦ˵򡭡ɶȻС׽ˣǸŮӦû˰ɣܲ͸һ氡
һ⻰ŭٴڶ𣬴ιôҪǸҶǸŮһëҷһҪڴ̥ôԣ
ҵ۾˲һƬѪ죬ΆȻΆ޾ҵвЦ˵ôˣǰNɪأŮզŪզŪŪҰ


664 רҵ
ΆͷĻĶСӶɱģûм˲Ҫˣһ־ٴһշ䣬ͳΆ˹ȥȻշ䶼ûüƳȥͱǰüëļһһµסȻ׾ٵľ͸ˡ
ǰüëļһֶθǿдסҵշ䣬һҸоѪӿ֮ӿһƺߣӻΣЩٴεڵء
ڴʱǰüë˵ˣϻˣʲôȻȥ˵ٹһЩ͢ӥȮ͸ˡ
˵Żǰüëתٴοңȴû˵ͻȻ䣬̧һֻ֣Ҵ˹
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л֣̿ʶĳźȥȻӱŴţ˵ȥأ
գǰüëƻҵĲ֮ϣֺأҶʱǰһڣһӲľ͵ȥ
ȥһɲǼ䣬Լο϶ҪСˣӵս壬Ҽôãʹ˳վûеȵ֧Ԯ
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ԴۺۣҪըһԼԼڽҵ֣ʮֵϤ
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ܿ죬ҾͿǸҳ˼ĺǸˣҵĶ棬˿Ѻһη֮Уֽűһϣһ߿޵滨꣬һߺҵ֡
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һӼͷƵһôĺʲôɥƵģûûǰɣ
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ҲЦ˭˵ءͿСˣ濡ֻǶСʱܶǰʣԸһģҪǽСŪˣǹС
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ָ硭ⲻǶҪԸǸСôѾ׽ˣСǹû˰ɣҪȻٺ١
˵ţݺӶʱһЦ
ʱоһŭͬʱһʮ־ĸоһҪͼıĻڵֻĿţǻɱҵĺá
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665 ĸԸ
Щ˿϶뵽ôܹǲϵ볬ǿ޸ȻǰüëֺأѪҺٵѭҸոֵ֮˵֮еȫľϴˢһ飬ʮѣ˵Ļȫ˶
һ˵ѾץʵʱӣתͷһۣٺЦֵ˵Ҳǰ˶ѾץˣǻɶǾС椿硭
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һ̧ͷǣɱȻǵ˼Уһж޼£ΪұģһΪҲ޷ʩչ
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⻰˵зһ㣬һ־ΥͷһֱΪѾȫˣ¿ʼµȻ쵱ҵ棬ȻܸһҲĸԸ֤һֱңôʱΪʲôһֱϵأ
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666 Ҳһ
һԲֻĿңУҲûп̫ϣһ廨˫Ŷ˵ˣǲӳȥģѡңΪ⻰Ǵ˵ġ
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ұڴ˴ѲãҵΪڣղҿһۣǺһɽ֮Уҵ󣬾һɽڣӿݣûʲôΡ
ںǽ֮ϣкܶŽѪɰͰ͵ճǽϣԴ˿ҲǵһѺڴ˴ˣطôʷ˵ĵطҵǰļϣڷ̾Уʲôϻʡ۵ƤޡһӦȫž;ľս
Ҳӳȥ˵Ŀ̶Ҫһ飬ҿûǸ
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۾֮Уʶһַſյ״̬
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ҵʶ֮󣬿ʼΪģ̽ȵĴڣҺ֮һֱһ΢ĹȫΪǸڹϵԵʣҲҵ֮סһʱ䣬ЩӦеġ
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668 ǸղŵΆ
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669 ʹҪ
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ŷӦ˹һӵһԿףԿ׺ܹӣҲûбţһôԿףȾЩɵˣ֪һǡ
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670 ɫͷһѵ
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Ҽ򵥵ĻһֽţӸΆϵнӹذףǸ˹ȥ̽һıϢ˻Щ΢ϢΪ˱һǲǻΪ˱˽еذǰһƣֱӵĿѣȻһ£ֱӱҽϡ飬ǰ۾ЩĿĿһֻۣһ۹ԴһᣬʱûϢ
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ҲֻǱȴ˹ȥȻǲЩʹɱ֡
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˫ֱӵͷһַֻǣһְֻס°ͣһǰɡһ죬ֱӽӵĲӸֶˣӶûüһɥȪ
һɱ֮¶ɱͱȽŨˣ̧ͷʱѾȫɵˣһ˫ˮĴ۾ֱĿңСŸ硭㡭ɱˡ
ӣȹҿһϵɱȴһЩɺˡ
΢ԥһ£ǳߵη˹
ñط꣬ٴ棬аתǧӦǧҪ˵ģǴʱ˿̣ȫ˺ͷ
ǧٴεҸٴμ龰˳ӵĴϣĳϸСǵһԼĿôҲ뵽ȻұǱĵһʮּϣҲ廨һϡ
һ̫Ϸ绯ˣЩܲˡ
ߵߵʱ򣬽ŲѾŻôģ˫Ѿ޵ĺ׵Ĵ۾ңȻʮּģ΢΢ЩٴιԣͻȻſ˱۰򣬺һСŸ磬һҵĻӶĺҲҺܽҪ˶ںϵҵһ㡣
˵һʱҲǴһ㣬Щ΢΢Դ˵һ죬ʱתоǿǧĻ
һ֮Ҳıסôϣһ̾ͶԶԶ
ϵζñطζ˵һʲô飬ЩЩοЩѹ
ǰ࣬һ֪˶ٿڣ֤һ飬ﻹҡ
ֻȻǰԵĵطٶĻҪ˵ҲųȥС
һ£Щ΢΢ļ򣬽ĴӻƿοܿˣҲãҪȻҲᱻץ
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һ˵ʱһ£һɻ˵Сӡأôûп
ָ˱Ά˵ǸСסһ
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ͯһΆУһ񾭴ҸУʵٴγԾһ¡
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˵ͷʾӦʡ
ڵǣҺʱĿǰ˵֣ȣҲ֪Լʲôط˵һ޴ɽҶڴ۸ӣӿµǣɽ֮Укܶ˰أҪö˶˵ĳȥһ׵顣
ڣڿǸüСΆһһصķֶ֮Уλܸߣʹְ֮ǰüĵλ֮¡
˵ɫͷһѵΆԵҵУΪѬģҲõù
Ҫǲһûа취ˡ
ǵУÿӳȥ
һҪ뿪УȻҲ֪ʲôʱҲԶˣǰüҴ˹ȥΪһֻ֮ǰ˹ǵȵϼѡ


671 һ
Ǹ˽һ֮ǰʱ򣬷ɽ֮оʮƣÿһڵ㶼к˰أԶ׼һصݳǸһֶ棬طֵش³Уһص³зֶ棬Ҳǵϳ
˿̣ȻҺȻһս֮ʲôᣬƾʵҪһصһֶ֮ںֱײƲӣ϶ͱ˸ˣûʲô
ԣĿǰܹõģֻΆˣȻҺھͰɱˣҪһӳȥ֮ҪСҲ١
ȱʱĵӣָҿˣ˲٣ټϻ۹ˣЩһ˵ܹס
Ҹ򵥵Ĺͨһ£һȥ֮ҪעϸڣԼôģΆ˵ĿôŰôôôЩ˶ѵĸһ㼴ɡ
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ǳ֮󣬻һرҪҪ죬Ǿҵķжʦִ˿̲֪ʲôطұҪЩȫûЩķǶʦ֣Ҫһ١
ʵûа취ҲŻǣȻϵصˣٹȥ
һ˵صбһƣ֪ͨսҹڶЩа˸׽ˣƺһûУҲ֪սڸʲôǲֱӾͽҸˡ
¶Ҫҳȥ֮ٸۡ
һҵķʲôطûпʦֱʲôط
ȸ˵ҵķһ䷿һ·֮ϣСĽļ·ǻܹҵȥ·ֻǶʦʲôطȴ֪
˵һЩɻȷҵķһ
ȵ˵ͷʾȷ
һˣΪЩ˶һסɽأԭзӡ
ȸ˵ɽ֮İɽﻹкܶ෿ӣӳ֮УǴЩеһƮġ
ȻʱʱǷûˣ˵ûС
ҾЩɻˣϵЩÿһó߳彭ķѵǰüһ˼
˼Ҳûа취ΪķҪķŴ߶ģҲá
һֱһ⣬ʱǰüץҵʱ򣬲ûɱңǲǻŴҿбʳβٿЩķأ
ǻʲôͼ
һҾͲö֪ˣڶ˵ѾҪ
ҵҵЩ˵֣Щ֣ôòڡ
¾ЩǰüķղȥˣȲŵķǲͶô
¶ҪСĽУʵڲУӳȥ˵
ڶʦ֣һֱ׽ͷһʶʦֲʲôطֱӹȥɡ
򶨣ǺܿͲǴղŵηóӣϲ˼ȦȻԼЩ򿪵ӼֱԼ˫ֺ˫ϡ
ҲûֻԵĲ˼ȦһּΪϻ
׼׵֮ҾǣеһӣҺηȥ
һЩصĺˣûʻãʣ˵ǶǵģŪȥ꣬Ҳû˻ΆǸסˡ
ֻ»˺Ͱüĸ֣ǹƾͲôˡ
ڵĵҲֻͽͣһҲֻӦˡ
ҵļƻ֮ȵûʲôֻЩţ¶һŮ˵ȴΪˣּʶ顣
Ұοһ˵Ҫ£ڣҼᶨ˵ͷ㲻ٶԡ
󣬱ȸΆǣҺȥʱǻģԲûмطΣҳȥ֮󣬷طָѺһˣ֮УвηЩη֮жѺˣеһηˣе߰˸һͷ棬ѪҲ֪Щ˸һصкιϸ𣬾Ȼ׽ط
Щ˴󲿷ֶͨˣЩηҲߣ࣬ȻǾȳȥһ뻹ˣǳȥǺǡ


672 ұ
ǰүү˵һЩһصĵʣһصǰǰ̣һټʮǰүʦϸɣһٴݻ˰ܶ棬̾󲿷ֶָһټʮǰǳս䣬Ǵδս֮ԭɵĸҲʽĩʱ
Ҳ˵һս֮ЩֵȥʧˣҵЩҲһ޷̳ȥΪҵүհԶ֪޴֮ʮֲףŪþСôȥзŲûдڸҪҽҰһ֮û
֮䣬ҲһͳһͨˣƽҪǹĻ
ʵһͨҲͦõģôΪ
ǣȻ·Ҳֻ޷ˣһߵڡ
Ҫ˳ȥ̫ˡ
ʱܶ汻ݣ󲿷ܶĸֶѾȥǣⲢ̸ˣʱֻǰ̵ܶ汻ݣǾ󲿷̵ְķֶԾɴڽ֮ϣֻûͳˡ
棬Ҳ֪ʲô飬֮ڰܶ渲֮󣬰ȷʵ˺ܶ꣬֯һֱ躹ޣӴֱ峯֮󣬾ӵӴڣ˶ʢʱڣͷһʱѾﵽ˿ԺϽĲӿĵزϽҲҵһص
˺йص飬Ȼʼһصѹǵͷ֮࣬ٴ𣬵ڹģٴӴ
ˣһصҲֻҶڰķչ˲ٶ¡
ϸҸһصѾǵһνӴˣڻȪ·ϵĹ֮УǸؽļһһصǰһγϣ֪Ǳ˭ɱڻȪ·ϳưԣһŪҡ
һصһĦӦħˣһҪүүصˣͽܣҸһѣճһúӶݡ
ȻһΣұ³зֶİüвȣѺɽη֮УȻüҶ֣ܵħָʹϼһ˿ܻûãʰңԲðüͷȶһѡ
һ߸ڱȸΆǰߣһԺ飬ܾϡͿľͱƭطŪףܲȡ
һֱǰмףŵ˾ͷôһߵ߶η澿ǹѺ˶ˣ
Щ˶Ǹأ
ʮֺ棬ȴһ·Щ˶Եû̧ͷһۣʮľ
Щ˼ǱųҲûʲôսֻǴ׵ĸˡ
ǳȥϵص飬Щ˽ȳȥɡ
ţǾηľͷطһС䣬ﲻʮƽСż׵ĵ˴һСӣСϰڷ˼򵥼Сˣף˿ɶģ⻹ƿһľơ
طؼεסڣСӹĻͦ
Сɨһۣһ֮УѷŴбʮֻҵڵϡ
һЩֻǰʱһ˹ȥһ飬ֻǲֻܴ绰ŵֻǿˣмͷĸ߼󲿷ֶûˣżҵһеģƵطһźŶûС
սǴ绰ϵһأвͨˡ
ҽֻ˵ϣɨһ飬ֵѶ̵Ӧ֮ǰõģǹȥԼһѷ˻һѸ
ҽӣԵֵĶȻĵִ
ͦ˵Щߵĸ˵ֻҪұͺˣ¡
⻰˵һůģֻýѶ̵ͲԼϡ
Сӣǰһξ룬㿴һ޴ţŲûйرգ΢΢ţȸΆţֱǳȥ
˵ʵһηҲЩ溦Ҫһ©ڶ߲ȥط
ԼûʲôֻǺҴӦȳȥģһƴһ
ţǰһ·Ҳʮ׵ľ룬Ϳſĺºӷֱվ࣬ǵĽŲ̾ͳ߿˹
ʶĵͷȥҸǵĿӴƺûнţҡڵĳ˹ȥ


673 ޴Ķ
ֻǲһߵǰűΆһ֣ʮֹ˵μʹ
ȵǰҷԸģֻǼ򵥵ӦһǴӱǿ﷢ģǣǴǵľͳɽȥȻʹ׵ķǹȥ
һǵǰ棬һ´һ֣ٴοͿ˵ʹɫôˣҪҪȥأ
ţüͷ΢ֳĲ⣬˵ҪȥģҪЩСආͨһɣ
ңһһϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ֻǶⶣˣһҪغˣܳʲôʧҪǳʲôСǿɵ𡭡
ñʹרŹѺǣȥһôҵĻ𣿡ŭ˵
ΆСǰüСӣȻˣ޿ɺǵģΪΆӦþǰüŵ˲ǡ
ߣΆ³зֶĵλҲĸߣΪ˿̱ͨҲҹľڴ¡
ԥһҪˣҲѾ˽Ųʱƫƫһ۵ļһٴ˵ȻǶ˵ģǿԶ𣿡
һ䣬ȷ־͸Ǻһƣĺףȶʱӵѵһƺʹӹ
Ǹӣ˼ǣһÿٴһߣǣҺǰǵȥ
ȥһЩȻŲס棬⽻ãû뵽ѧΆģΆǼ˵Ŀݵĸһ㡣
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ǳ˼ʮ֮ȲŻعͷһۣЩ˼ʵСŸ硭㿴ѧ𣿡
һĴָһȻʮֻϲ
ݼȥԱǿϧˣСѾͷһͣǸӣ˿϶֮ɫ϶ȵŮǺÿˡ
ֻϧڳһСҪǻܻͺˡ
ǰһأҵĵ׳ҲûôˣһͷʱҲڳ΢΢Цš
·ԼһЩȻԽߣص˾Խ࣬Щ˿ΆǣʶˣֻǿΆʱ򣬹ĺһʹһţӣЩˣ۶һ¡
˵ɽ֮оʮƣߣÿǰһ·һЩ˰أЩˣΆڻ֮£׾ٵĶ˹ȥ
òǹ˺ü䣬˺üصĺˣǲƳⳤߵ
һ·ϣȻΆڻҺҲ˵Ǹǽж˶ߣǵļƻȫԣҪСĽĺá
˺ô˽аСʱǲߵǰһ޴ɽɽ˵Ҳкüٸƽôһ߳ɽͨžͿ޴ĶңʱһֻȻʵĸо
һ߽ɽһŨѪζʱֱӣҲüͷ
ѪζʬҲرŨ
̧ͷĴɨһۣܵĶ֮ϹŲٻ裬ǻ֮в֪õʲô֬һֱȼգ޴ɽյ͸طҲвٺڰأǻһξ롣
̧ͷһͷɽˣʮ׳ӣЩӽһ޴Ķ¯˰֮УԵЩ졣
ǰһξ룬ΆϵͻȻתС˵СŸ硭㿴Ǳߣкöˡ
˳ȵĿ⿴ȥһɽˣЩѾ˰׹ǣ˺һ㡣
ԽܵǣЩ˶вӴĹ˶ʳЩʬ壬ЩǲᣬһСţƵģ۾Ѫ졣
ҵĿ⿴Щ˵ĹʱЩƺǾ쵽ʲôкüֻ߿˹صĵͺʱҪ˹ӡ
ĳѾŵɫҰףٴζ˵Ҳмϣɱôɽ֮УѵΪЩǲһķ蹷ô
Ща˻治һа񣬹ֲ˼Щ˶޵ҧгݡ
ҿһСο䣬ԺתһЩԴٿЩˡ


674 ɽСԺ
ͨĳڴ΢ͣһ£ǰߣܿߵǱڰеľ޴¯ǰʱ˱ǶѪŨ֮£̲סٴγǾ޴Ķ¯ķһۣһۿȥ󾪣Ƕ¯澹Ȼһ޴ĳӣдɫҺ壬ǹӾ޴ѪӦþǴǳƮɢġ
Ǹ˵Ҳʮƽ˴ӵѪˮǵҪɱ˲ܽѪŪģȺһص龿ڸʲôŪطѪȡ
Ȼʱ򲢲ʱ򣬻ӳȥ˵ɡ
ǰȴǳ޴Ķҵĳֱ˹ȥЩ˿ȸΆȫĺһʹûʲôⷢǺȻľͳ޴ɽ
ɽ֮󣬽һܳȣȵľͷ˰أΆ֮һȻֱӴ˳ĳţûжʲô
Щ˾ãȻΆѾ߹ô˰ѳֵĹؿڣȻǵǰüԲŻǿ̵ơ
ű֮˿ٵ
ǰһƬںĶߵǰ֮󣬲֪һЩɫֱӴɽϴЩǺܿ˳ȥվԶһִ˿վһֲİɽЩĽסǲ⣬һ˾ԲᷢﻹһĶڡ
һص³зֶ浹ͦѡطλŪΡ
ɽ֮УҲ㲻þأ³зֶڴѾôˣΧûʲôãҾòܡ
Ҫôһ򵥵ķ󣬾ѦλүӴǸСһ㣬ҪôΧʲôԻ˲ߵط
һҪƳطҲô׵飬ΆǴ·ȥС
̧ͷһɫѾ賿ĵˣ˷Ϊиʱ򣬳ʱӳȥò
֮ǰұҪͶʦõֲС
Զɽһξ֮ȻϸӦһΧĞųûо쵽ʲôصĸ֮󣬲Άϵ˵Сȣ㻹ǵ㵱ʱǴʲôط𣿡
ȵͷɫ֪Ǹˡ
ҵ˵ͷȻС˵ԵһЩǳҪĶЩ˸ˣұûС
СŸ磬ʲôҶ㣬ҲµġᶨĿҵ
Ŵʱƺ˺ܶ࣬ҳ΢΢һЦֱǰȴ·ŰɽһƬïֵȥ
ڼ䣬һЩѲߵĺˣụִֻ̂һ飬űУ߹ΆǣҲֻǸΆͿĴкֱӴ߹ȥˣ·һжʮ˳˳ҸоЩﲻ̤ʵܾЩʲô
ұȴǳεС·ߣܿЩѲߵˣСʻ괬ܿ죬ǾƬ֮УȻͿּԺ䡣
ЩԺдСӦ³зֶסĵطӦ³зֶеĸ߲סĵطЩӦöѲǸ޴ɽ֮С
С·ҲѲߵĺˣһһӦ˹ȥ
˼䣬ƹ˼䲻СԺ䣬ͣһеԺԱߣԺӱСԺӴһЩҲԵųԺӣҪôǰüסĵطҪôǽڰüĸ߲סСԺ
ſڴͣȸңСԺķǷǬڡ
Ƭ̣Ϊ˰ȫøΆϵȽԺӣסǰüĻ͸ϽҸڳǰüǸʮĸ֣ȸΆϣǰüϸ۲ĻܹƳһЩߵġ
ʱĽӴǰüӦò
û˵ĻֱӾͿҵǬȻٴѰҶʦֵ䣬ǵʱ䲻ˣҪ֮ǰӳط
Ҽ򵥵ĸȶ˼䣬ȾͽǸԺӡ
ԺӵĴŲûйϣһֱŵģֱһ˽ȥ
Һһεڣθһ߽ǸԺӣҵЩϰµģƺҲһֻֽҵ֣ҸоЩʱ֣ҹģʱִĺǵֱӽ§˻һЩů


675 ͵
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Щ΢΢֪Ϊ̫ԵʣΪ־壬Щ
һ̣ԭܰģΣķĻ֮УʱпɥҲܽ˼֮С
һŮ˻ʲôǸжһҪ̶ѨҲ˿ĵģܴ˿̵Ҳ뽫ӵ뻳У˵һЩĻĲУﲻ˵ĵطǧҲӳȥ˵
˵ʵһΣҵʱͻȻһ뷨Ǿǽ֣ԶǷǵĽһͨˣԸĻҾȢΪޣϳһطǶСʿҼÿȥשҲĸԸֻҪһ𿪿ģʲôãֵѪӣô˹ġ
Ҳֻͻ룬ԴҴүүнӹǱϴ֮һжزȥˣҲǰǸͨͨˡ
Һӵһïֲܵ棬ĵȺŸΆϵȳʱһһĹȥˣȻûгҶʱЩ
һƿȻһƣʾԭزҪҪСԺ￴ʵǴסˣȻʲô飬ѾӹȥˣǽȥҵǬóӦǺ׵飬鷳
ҶԺ⼸ӣûκδ򶷵죬һжôƽҾ֡
뿪֮ҽϵӽȻһϵĞųèͳԺ˽ȥ
СԺӻͦģǽǵĳŷ˹ȥŪκ졣
ܿ죬Ҿߵӵĸ沢ûƣȴ˵
һŮ˷ģȥʲô
һҶǽǴ˵ʵҲû˼ǽǵϰߣ߽ǲġ
һҾһŮ˽εεЩԹ˵εģôˣȻҰٰƴǣҵʱͷֱ˹޲óңôֵֹģҲ˼أ
ҡһ¶ҵˡΆģǸΆϵ˵ģֲһֱûгԭǱһŮ˸ˡ
Ҳɫļǽ͵Ůһ¾ͱЩŭ޺޵˵ǲҵ˱Ůˣҿ˵°һСɧ꣬˼üȥģ컹СɧǿҪǶţ͵óˣ˵ôȥǲȥǸɧ꾫ȥˣ
ûûУҳȥǸ̸顭ȿȫˣ֪ӦŮˣҲˣŮ˵ʲô·ѵΆϱ˵Ŀ̫񰡡
ţǸŮּݵ˵ɱģ͵˵ʱô˵Ҫȥ̸飬Ҳҵ͵͵ܳģΪ˸һ棬˵ôء˵ţŮ˾ȻصС
ҲΆ治ʲôöȻ͵͵Ůһȣ̫ôҪˡ
ţղΆȥǸɽʱ򣬶Ά鸾͵͵ΆΆȸ֮󣬹ҵǬͱŮ˶
ȻŮ˲֪˿̵ΆѾǰ톴ˣҪΆߵ飬Ȼһӣ֪Щ߰飬϶ŵĲС
ұˣٲȥ飬¶ڶ
ҿûи´ɱŮ˵ָߣŮ˻Ҳ򵥣˵һ֡
뵽ұȻֱߵſڣһƿţ첽˽ȥ
һȥͿһ֦չŮ˱ΆӣǿĨء
ҽĶ֮ǸŮ˺ܿɿ˱Άһһֵ˵㡭˭
͸¹⣬ϸһŮˣŮ˵мɫͦõģһЩ֮һͲʲôŮˡ
ҺٺһЦ˵ðҪŮˣұϹ͵ӡ


676 ȻŮ
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㵹ͦ۹ģһ۾ͱ㿴˳һ˵ţһ߳ǸŮ˹ȥ
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680 ͵֮һ
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һӲȥ߱ü˷֣üϼһû˶Ըʦֵİ취ʦҲܹ𵽺ܴɱǽұƼˣҲжԸǵİ취˸ͬѾˣҪֵʲôˣҪش۵ġ
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飬ٴ֣첽Ժ
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·֪ȥﻻ˵Լһ˺£Ҹٴ˵ϽҲ͵ġ
վſڣĵӾ΢һЩʼ·תͷȥ͵͵һۣȻһ޵龰һסˣӲ֮Σ
Լ֮·һɫװԵô࣬ȴҲһֱУ̲ס࿴ۡ


682 긴ɽ
񿴵Щ˼ɫһ죬Ե࣬˾ˣ·ӣʲô·ÿ
ֻǣ·֮󣬻޷һŮ˵ʵϾؿڵĲλʵЩ̫ˣԺʱֳС˵Ĵͷľ
ޡܺ˼롣
ҺܿջĿ⣬Ǭóҵһ·ؿµĲλӦþͲˡ
Щ֮ҽʬ嶼˾ͳΆԺӣҺΆĸ࣬Άϣðƻ³зֶĴҡڵ߶ЩѲߵ˵ʱ򣬻ЩţߣСİο˼֮Ű
һɽ·첽Уһߣһֻ߽Ǭ˳ûбϣڴ˴ܹͨ绰ֻ뿴ʲôʱˡ
棬ֻó֮󣬷һźŶûУҲ˵ɽ֣źŵϣߣ³зֶȻҲֻźŵķӡ
һֻѾ賿ˣٹһСʱҪˣʱ㲻׵ľܹסΣߣһΆϵȾͱҪ뿪Ͼһ壬ܳĴ֮һ֮£пܻɢҿɲðôķա
һΆ壬ΆͻƿԼ壬㲻ǿˡ
˵ʵûΆʹڻǾԲȡǬķͶʦֵġ
һ뵽Ҫع鱾壬һЩϰߣҵˣһȴҾͻֱӽһҲǸҼҪҿ֣ڹ˽Ҷ

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һ龰Ҿ֪϶⣬֮ǰвõķԻһĶ
ʱѾԶǴɽڣҪץͷɽǿ϶ˡ
ҲоͷԣЩֵ̿ʵСŸ硭ôǻûгȥ
ûлش⣬ǿһֱߵȣҲҡ
Ƭ֮ұһǬһзĵӣ˹˵ȣһסֽţҳҪСɽ
Ӧһ˵á
˵ҽӱΆ˫֮ϣҸΆ˷ĵҲѲõġ
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ȴΆѳʱΆһͷԵ˵ϣֹع鱾壬Ҫһʱ䣬ҲȥǸ͵СŮȣһС㲻Ҫ£ġ
ھݵľ֮ϸۣȵӲ£ҲûֻһͨŮӣҲͲôˡ
ʱƮߵҵߣǣסҵ֣ǵĺһСŸ硣
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СȿɰģЦˣһֻ֣ŵӣСȵԴ˹Ҳûж
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һ֮£ò˼飬СЦðСá
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ΆͷǣȻ󿴵ҵʱ򣬶ʱŭŭСǸĿģӶҴ򣬲Ҫˣ
ʱҲŷӦ˹ҴŵһɫĽ£һڲСǽҵ³зֶˡ
ЦһϵĺɴٴοΆʱʧɫֵ㡭ôľȻҡ
ѻ˵꣬һƾֳ˹ȥݺݵ˵Сү㣬ɱŲţ


683 ·ǰ
һƴΆϣǶѪһˣҶϰߴˬ˵ѹƣ¹ʲôˣֻҪҾһֱΪֹ˭ʮȥҲøҴˣΪֿɲһأһȥݼǲ䣬Ҳɶˡ
ҽ˼ƣֱɱţΆֳ˻ֵ̿ɫǺܲ˵ΪһѾӳȥһص³зֶ棬ܣ㳤˳ɳȥڸĻü˵һһ·
ϻ꣬ҽһ˦˹ȥһδĸݣֱӽΆݴţ˵ϡ
ѾǲǸɵ棬Сү֪ܣҪȻŪɶСүҪڷ㣬ת־ͽҸˣ˵ɽ·ôߣֻһλᣬǸ˵һϻҾ㣡
˵УһѾͽͭǮǬ˳ΆĲϡ
ΆСӵмֹݺݵ˵ҪǴȥ϶ɱңΪɵô
Ǻð㲻ǰɣɱ㣡
˵գֱͭǮֵķ˹ȥһնΆָͷΆСΪһʹţĳԹĿͷʱһҵİֻոֱصһƸ˻ȥ
Ά۵ͷðһԹ֮ɫٴζݺݵĿңҧгݵ˵ô־ŪңҸʹ죡
СӼȻҳȥҲżĥ㣬նʮָٿ˫ţһſȫҵǿֵܼʲôʱСүʬֵϳˣͽʮһû»ڣʰС飡
һգһٴξеͭǮҪΆһֻֿȥ
Άıŵˣ˵ʬŵʱ򣬲ʶ˵׺ݣǲŪ
ס֣Ҵǳȥ
ҼָϵͭǮͣɭȻһЦ¶ڵİ˵ʶʱΪܣ֪ˣαҪСү࣬ô࣬˵Ҳǣ
СܹôãӲû뵽ģΪƾܷأԭǰ㣬ейһЩ
ΆƬֵ̣Ҵȥ뱣֤ɱңҪȻҲӵġ
һ£ҺܾᰡСˣѾҵĵߣҶҪŪˣⲻΪô
ΪܹһҲ޷
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صһñץȥǹӶ
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ɶУô˵СүȻӦˣھˡ
˵Ҷһ£ֵСǸҿңҿɲ֤ɱ㣬ϣǺǡ
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һٶȫɫЩף϶ûмô׺ݵʱ˵ܽ˵ݴ䣬˵˵ָͷҲǺ飬һȥѪɽЩѪȡ
Щ𾪵ı飬Щ˼ЦЦ˵ûɣҲȲѣСҲʲôˣղŻҪ۸أҡ
СŸ磬ʲô˵ʲôҶǶԵģ㡭Щȣ
⻰˵ȻЩäӣлůůģĿһۣ˵лл㡭
˵仰ʱҿΆһۣСӵĿ⾹Ȼ޼ɵɨľͷͱˣ»ͲһƨϺݺһţŭʲôٿӿ۳
ΆһţҲû˵ЩʲôֻǵͷǰȥǣһӣǴϽӹģҲõܵ
ںĸңСں渺ϺǲõĵģҵҪͷΆСӵϡ
ȻС˵ĹûʣǷӣҲȫ߳ط
Άǰߣͣת˼֮Χ𽥾ʧ˲٣ԼԼУƺһͨɽµ·жʱһϲӳ̶Ѩˡ


684 ɽΆ
ǰһξ룬תһֱǰΆͻȻͣ˽Ųתͷң˵ͨĳڣ߳ȥ֮Ǿǳ³зֶˣǰ滹һεɽţǱסģͨ߶ܴ򿪡
ҿһΆΆЩ㣬ŭôĿʲôϽŰ
Άһۣ˵ҵֱǷĵţ޷£һնָҪҲУҲðҷſǣ
أôɵô
Ҫ˵ΆСӵΪȻ˵ʲôرĸ֣³зֶʹһְҲǵĹϵвӲʵģҸ֣۵ҲһĶ֣˫ַſڷŻɽвǲܵ顣
ߣֻóһǷĵûԿףҲ
˼Ƭ̣ٴγΆһۣǵȻֻƽ˵ۿ˵ˣǳȥ㲻ɱңǷĵġ
ôСӣǸһԵʹһɫҵݸһذףСȺεȴӹذ֮󣬾Ưذ׵ĲϣֻҪ춯еذ׾ͻιĲӡ
СӵĻҲȫţ֮һŲãʲôòȫľٶȿغΆҿŵʱֳʲô۶ӳ
ǰһξ룬Άģ
Ά˵ǰһڲݴ֮С
Сǰţ˳ֽͭǮҲǬ˳һηʱֵܳΣա
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СȴΆһƵЦȴ˶
һعͷȥһۣѾЦƨʵ㣡
ұһɣΆʵ࣬ȵذѹ֮²Ҷҿһ׵ϵ̽Ƭ֮ͻȻеż⴦Щأһߣһ졣
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Ά΢΢ԵЩϵļ΢΢鴤ţ˵ԡ
ӣܾЩвʣҽ콫ŪңȴҷŻɽ˭Ҳ
˿ʲô飬Ҷ˵һֻһšһ춯ӾͱקȻ£ֱе֮ϣ͵һ֮Уһת죬ƺʲôڻ´䡣
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ҲܻᣬϾΆСӸһа֮ĶҲһ
ǻڡǡ죬ʮ֮ҲſһصŰ˵֮ϡ
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һϲæҪкȸϽ뿪ʱȴͻȻ֣ǵڴͻȻʮ˫ɫ۾䣬߿˹
һЩѪ˫ۣҲһս˹ˣôʲô
ȻûҷӦһҽУŵһһ飬תͷʱ򣬵ȵһŰҽˤ䵽Ĳݴ֮УǸΆһе֣תͷܣӻ졣
еɱŭͷ𣬶򵨱ҷǰյʱΆȻȸ͵Ϯˡ
ģΆ³һ֮ѪǴ֮ѪΪµĶټȱĵһֱĶʹɱ֣Ά˿ӡ
ҿһĻʱΆѾܳȥʮ׿⣬һѾǱ˹ȥ
ӿµʱʮ˫ɫ۾ͻȻ֮Ȼٶȼӿ쳯˹
Ҽ׷ȥɱΆֵʮ˫Ѫɫ۾һԥ̾˾
תͷȥʮ˫Ѫ۾ȥЩ߱ĶȻʮֻһĶִ࣬һͷͷСţƵģЩ֮ǰڹѺҵǴɽ棬һĺмپʬ壬Щǲһ׺ݵĹޣʱʳЩ˵ʬ塣
ԹͣŻʮףҾŵһɸζӭ


685 Ӿ鵰֮ʹ
ЩﲻСһɱԾ޴ȱΆ㣬޸֮һЩ롣
ֻ΢һԥеͭǮʱͷһ˿âֶһԾȻգŷɢ˼ʮöͭǮʮ˹Ĺ޾ʹ˹ȥ
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ΆСӽ裬˵ĸоܲŵҲǹļƣһӵĻˮ
֮ǰǰٶǱҷģұЦȫԻңҷɶĽ䱸оҴĿľ뿪ҵƿأóܡ
ȣȻѶԸһСϵһȿһ֮Ѫ֪˶á
СӰңҸղŻһһΣǱˡ
ΆǷĵס˫֣˫űʮֵѸݣһܣ񻹵ʲôȻ䣬ͻȻһͻȻͱˣ̱ȼ֮ġ̡죬һŻ⣬ֱ
ʶģ׷ΆͬʱһʯͷͳǳĶ˹ȥ鼱֮䣬׼ͷﵽһ£һ߹ȥʯþŻҩ͸Ϩˡ
Άعͷʮ־ŵĳ߿һۣͻȻʹ󺰴˰ӳˣɱѽ
ΆʮЩЪ˹ˣҲ֪׽ס֮³ĺܲңǷ蹷һһ߿һ߷ĺС
ղСӷųĶһźŵһ֮ը죬³зֶ˶ȻǱΆˣûиҴڴǴһȦСʼնûһ뿪
ס˫ֵΆûܵĿ죬֮߰Ҿ׷Άһһ߻ͷң۵ľ֣ͺ޼Сӣ֮ɱľˣǼٿ񱼡
׷ʱѾȲҪŪˣ붼û룬ڼٵı֮Уһžͳ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬾ʵһĻˡ
ɳȥһŵʱΆӿ񱼣һܴ󣬽Ҫ¶˳һŲƫУߵĿߵһĶʱЩĶ֮УһණǲСֲú˵ķ˻ҹһ˽ͨǹ֮£ԭΆЩǮġ
ҷɳȥһ֮һж˹ȥʽԲĶˣʮֳס
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֮ΆĿѣ۵𣬵ȥ
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үģҺֹҪ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
˵ҿ첽ǰһƴΆž˹ȥ
ڴʱһȷŲΪ֮һ٣æתһͷ˶ޱȣȲỹȦĹһԾ𣬳Ҿ˹
ѹһ㣬Īѹ
ҽŲһҲ˲ΆһƾͳǸȻ˹ȥǹٶȻܿ죬Ҹһ£ҵһþǹ޵ĸǹ޳ʹһҺӳ෴ķ򵹷˳ȥŴסΣǹһſھ³һںѪ
ѰһƣһŽҪӴ󣬿Ƚǿ󣬿ҲˣҲ˲ᡣ
ʱҲתǱ߿һ£ԭ˹ʮͷޣ󲿷ֶһͭǮɢͭǮնɱȴҲֻһֻԸ˵Ѿվǰֻƴɱ
ʣµǼֻУȫ˹
Ӵ֮ǰûмֶǳһ֪ЩǾƹ֡


686 ȫնɱ
˱˵Щ޲öԸ
ڵ̫⣬ղһͭǮͽЩͻȻĹɱһ߰˰ˣʣµ⼸ֻȻҲΪ塣
ȻΆ͵Ϯ˵Ҳأ֮ѪͦߵɢΪʲôһ׳ͭǮ֮͸׷Άԭ
Άʱ϶ΪһᱣԹ˲ϾŻûܡ
ˣֱСˣǲŹģƾһأҲҪȡͷ
ų˹ֻ۾Ĺޣһ֣ɢĴͭǮһ춯һ𣬻صҵС
ۿǼͷ޾Ҫ˹ʱҿٵָͷ˵еһշ䣬ҵǰ
Щ۾Ȼ֪շĲ˾ͷŭ˻ų˹ܶ涼΢΢˵ҧһˣǱײһӣζ϶ҲǺܲˡ
ЩҲţתͷűߵ鵰ΆһۣһֱӽΪ˵ϵĶˣ붼۵Άڵϣ˫ſɣѪ۵ȥ۵ļˣҲŭңһֱƵੲݵͣ
ȥڸҲˣ⼸ͷޣȥҲ١
һعͷ顱һ춯һͷһ¾ײշǵ֮ϣͷ֮ͣһ
һͷȥֱӱ˳ȥײһΰأڵϲͣķǼͷҲ̸˹ȫһһ㣬ʵʵײ˻֮ϡ
⻤͸ģֻЩײʱ򣬲Ż΢΢ķһķģˮһ
ҵշԲǸǵģԲˬ
ЩҲֻһЩ֫Դ򵥵ޣǲΪǣһΣһץǵǰշʱΪΣЩײΰصĹûдӵʱͭǮͳǷɱȥ
ոʱеͭǮٵִͱ˲ӣǼͷ޾Ѫ֮УҲ
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пοתٴγΆ˹ȥԭΆΪǼͷ޳ֵ֣ܹһϱ׾ٵľ͸ˡ
ٴγȥΆ㲻ˣ۵ȥѪһƬҲſվײײĳԶȥȥ
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ͭǮҾͳٴ׷˹ȥȻΆʮ׵ʱ򣬲Զ֮ͻȻһӵĽŲգۼĹ򣬱ʮűг˳ӭײΆ
Άʱץס˾һ㣬ȥɱСܳˡ
Άѻ˵꣬еͭǮȻƮɵ˰֮У˲仯˼ʮöͭǮ˵ͳЩոմܳĺɢȥ
һо͸ǹһ㣬ಡƿ֮ڶЩոܳĺ˸֪ʲôһоʹһֲ
ȳ˵У߶ûкһԵ˵ϣΆҲûѣϱһöͭǮУ˵ڵء
ţĽŲϴһֳ߰˸ˡ
Щ˹ǸղΆ󺰴еʱģڶݵľ֮󣬺ܿ췴Ӧ˹ɱžͳ
һ֣ɢڸͭǮһ𣬷ɻҵС
һΣҲȡһЩȫնɱΆڣǻֻżѲɽûо³зֶˣһȫɱЩˣܵʱ䣬һһʹһˡ
Щˣû˿֮ģЩһûأ
ҴɽĵӳʱۿйѺͨˣǾ޴ʯ֮ڼپߵʬ壬ҰĹ޿ʳ
³зֶκһ˶
ͭǮӭ߰˸˾ͳ˹ȥһշɣײĸˣһΣ˺Ǽ˵ߣеͭǮһɱ֮ǰһ˵ʱ򣬻ЩѲǴʱ˿̵ң̫ĿգǺΪ
һ֮䣬ӭһ˾ͱһ˵ϡ


687 ܻȢɺã
һһǹͲҵҸ²ʮգһ࣬ǶǹҸ£еͭǮɨȥһ˶ͷ­һǻѪһȴԵҴ˿̵
һһ˱ҵնɱ׺ݵģЩС֮
ʣµ˻볯ҳʱһסˣŲΪ֮һ٣ȫǾ֮ɫͣҿ϶ͣ²һߣմȾѪͭǮһâ˹ȥ
ƴɱ򶷣صıƣһƶˣذɡ
ʵʵҲƴɱֵ¹ʮûʲôģʹǱҵƾסˣὣϣǻæӦԣֻУһ˱һضһһĵؿڣֱײϣۿҲǲˡ
ղűշĻײڵصļ˴ʱſ֪ͣУӲƴ֮תͳﱼȥ
ЩܷŹǣתһɲǼ䣬еͭǮٴһβɢʮöͭǮÿһöͭǮǷͭǮЩ˵ıӰɨȥ֮ˣǹ㷺ɢˮ©һӡ
ƺоΣеֱһ˴棬һѣĺȫͭǮͭǮɸӣʬ
ǸڴĺҲͭǮᴩ˴˵أӡ
ýһѸղűɱĺ˵ڵϵĸֵһž𣬳Ǻ˹ȥ
ǸֵƫУòǸ˵С֮ϣֱӹᴩһҺߣ˵ڵء
һعȥΆʱ򣬷СѾӰղЩƴɱʱ򣬿϶͵͵ˣĿһڲԶһǵӰԶȥˡ
׼ǵӰ϶Άҿ첽ȥ˳㽫ǸСȵĺ˸һٴγΆ׷˹ȥ
ֻ׷岽׿ĵطͻȻһŹӰһнŲ˹ƶٶȺܿ죬һΣұ֪²϶ǰüǱ߷˶󲿶ѾϹˡ
ԭ׷Άһɽ·ȻٽɱˣڿûлˣӭŹȥɲײüЩô
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ˣʮΪϼơ
Άָ·Ȼʮ·Ҳ˵һɽ·
ڵЩˣղŲýǸȼһһҪȻҲɽ·
ӣֻܿˣȼ·ߣһƴһѰɡ
ţͭǮܿ۷˹ȥǰ͸ղűЩµЩʧɫһҾͳ˹Ҷ˵֣˵ߣҴ뿪
˵գȣͳųʮ޵·񱼶ȥ
вʱͻȻƮ˹Щ־˵СŸ硭ϾˣҪȥˡ
ôһѣ̧ͷһɫɫ΢ȷʵˣҪΆֳ鷳Ѿ뿪
Ȳڰȷʵһ˺ε飬˵Ҳҵһð֣ǲ֮Уұʧȥһǿ
ϾΣ̫һ֣ȱȻɢⲢûʲôԥģֱȽȻǰ񱼡
ĽŲԽԽһͷʱ򣬼׿ĵطѾӰˡ
ȵļٶ죬ƺҲҵӰ񱼶
һ֣ٶ࣬һѽ˺֮ϣ˵еĹһ񱼡
ʱܣʱҪǱЩ׽ο²ô˵ܹˡ
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䣬ʲôȵõһİŮ˵ķĻҪֵø˵顣Ҳǰġ
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689 Χѽ
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690 䣬
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691 Ƭ˵Уˮ
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692 ԪԣͭǮɽ
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693 Ѫɽ
Űֽȵⰲο˵Ļһһ׵ģʱǶˮ߿ο˲٣Űֽȵļһһ˵ʱ׹ǰһ˫Ƶļһԭһһˮģһģ˵ڻֽʲôˮߣӦ³һƬģѵһص³ֶĶ
Щˣ³ﻹкüأ۲³úôţܵ³ʲôǸŰֽȵװȻҲ򵥣Ƕˮֵ߳ܣҲһãۼɽаΪ˶ԸһëͷСӣδЩʦ˰ɣ
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οǶˮߣŰֽȵļһǰһ΢΢һЦһ֣˵һص³ֶŰʮŽһ֮㣬ǸʬϺˣȻһصһ϶ˣ²ţСֽ̼Уͽһ
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ȥүģ˻һ˵бһȻһ۾Ϳ˳Ĳ˵ݹ۲΢˼кȻ֣һƳϵĵƣ͸ûд·һ㣬û˵
ҳƬ̣ת˻⣬˵Ҳ˵㣬һǲܰ״ҪЩͷǣҪǴˣС϶ģҪǴӮ㣬ֵΣ
۾һУϵƶȻһһٵ˵㲻ܴӮңֻ·һ
ϻ˵ҪֵΣľǴţȵˣղǶҲô˵ģһҵ°ܽƵ
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ãǰҲֱҧָԼüĴһһѪۣʮԾ鷢ѪģʮˣȫʬͻϼҰᣬҷŮˣΥģʬҰ


694 磬ɱ֮
ˣײҷѪģһѪģǾͱأΪһʧţ³µЩһ㣬ʮҡ
ѪԼΥ߱ӦӹɵģⲻһֽأһʹȻаڰ˭Ҳ׵ķѪġ
ʮѪޱ֣أһ٣Ҳòš
Ѫ֮һԵİüͶˮ޲Ȼǰüɫ䣬ǰһ˵ʮΪİ㣬һ
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϶ܵеĹˣֻƶˣٳĳֻǵİ㡭ǰüԥ˵
һеȣɫѾλͲضˣʮİëСУϣλҰֱ棬ǸŮ˸ˣСȫʬͻϼұɡǱʮ³ֶΪУжţһ϶Ҫģλģǲġ
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紵絶һʹһȫɢ澭ҵǰ棬ܵκεˡ
ҴЩͭǮͭǮ紵ͻȻ˰֮УЩͭǮʱֱӷֽ⣬ɢΣΨЩͭǮڰգ΢΢ѡ
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ҶʱЩˣ治ǴţȣʵʵĸƴԿŰҡ
ǰҾһСѧԸĸо
һ˹ȥȸղŻͣȭͷСʯͷֱӷЩͭǮһͬ˹
㲻ЩͭǮɸӣҲЩʯͷˡ
鼱֮䣬ָٵҵǰһշ䣬΢΢һ֮ǰǰһƣշܿ췢һεϣҵǰ
⵽ϵͬʱһֻҲ־ЩҴͭǮ
ϾͭǮҵķڷǣ֮£ǱȽġ
Щʯײ֮ϣ׷أЩɹͭǮһҵĵطˡһ춯ͭǮҵͷ֮ϡ
һУһͣҲǽҵı·ӵһֶ״̬
˫ͬʱһֻֻշ䣬һֻֿͭǮ
Ȼǰȳ˵ڶֱ֮£ӣЩͭǮһһͬ
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һְʵĸоΪҲί·ӣʵȻСӾ͵Ŀԣһʵͻɽһ㣬Īѹ
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695 һʮֳ
ڰҿ˹ʱǵһĨóѰЦݣʮգΪһ֮ڿԽҴܰɣֱɱ
˿̣ͭǮҵͷ֮ϣѾûʱٲٿˣΪǰѾҵǰ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һֱڸ߶Ƚŵ״̬˫֣ǽеһ۷״̬ѾЩ΢΢ˡ
ǰǰ֮һǸȻƲͣҵؿڴ˹
һƣ˫ӭĹǸƾʹ˹ȥ
շǵѾʮְԵˣƺһƾǻȻƻǳ˹
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Ȼȴ֪ƵһһʮֶΣȻҵΪ͵ӸһΣ˵кܴһβ࣬ƣᣬдգԽҵΪͨ˲Ŵ౶
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ƼҺȻײһʱǻһĨóѰЦݣǵҶԺһʱ򣬶ʱͱɫֻážһ죬ǿĞųײһһ𣬿ƺ˿
һƸǰƶײһֻǰؿ˹ȥǰֻչеȵԼؿڡ
һֻ־İֽ档
ҵĵǰֽ֮󣬶ʱһ׶ĵĴʹǰֽȵ֮ϼûȶҲ縡ͬιǸֵۻƾҲȫж
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ʱңǰֽȵֻֽۣȶԺһƣҲѪӿؿڱƣûüͷһûбײڵأ۾ٴ׼ǰӰ
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âһ֮䣬ͭǮٴγǰȥһΣ𾪵ǣǱֱ࣬һ֣ͽͭǮУץסнâէ֡
ȻͭǮԸ΢֮ʼ޷Ѱơ
סͭǮİĺһֻŰֽһֻҵͭǮһεĳ˹
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ҵһֻּһƵʽһֻǬ֮С
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仰ûأѾҵߣҵͭǮҵؿ
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ǰһ٣϶һΪŪʲôæеİֽȥ
һʮСģԭͭǮ̵ҵĿˣʱ˻ȥżһ棬Ʈɶȥһ˫۾ֱĿ˰ֽĶֽϵĶ֮󣬶ʱŵϵı鶼Ťˣ̲סһ䣺Ҳݣ
ͬʱſֽϵĶʦָո۾֮һ˲·һֱӽǰֽȸȼˡ
ֽŵǽһƨźҲݣҲݣ
һǰֽȣͽʦ׷˳ȥʦǳշʵһΣڿзһͷҵǰ֮󣬶ʦǻͷһۣҸһ񣬱Ȼһʤļ֣˵ʦ֣ͣҺܿϡ


696 ֣ױ
ʦֺĽǻӦٴתͷȥվڲԶİϵĻٴڶ˲Ĺ򣬸оʦƺ˺üȦ
ĺúõģǰȲʤȯͻȻʦɱ˳ȥһ
Ҳʲôް֮еĺ֣ȻͷСҲһɱֻҪմһ׵ľͱճһѻҽ
źǰĶʦ֣һ򵱹أĪ֮ʮ͡
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ʦ֣ǼĳԺҲŮˣٺ١һͷݸһЦȴߺֻǳЦȴҲ˵
Цݣ˲ȥһŭΪգսɳΣ
Щˣһʦֳһʱٴһ㡣
ղŻҺսİɫҲޱմȾ˶ʦİֽȼգȻǰֽһΣһȼŵ֮Ϩȥ
ڳϢһʱʮֳƿʮճһ㣬˵Ŀⶼ۽ʦֵϡ
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˰ֽ֮һЩƣҪɶ
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ͷӴ䲻֮ǰЩ۾Ĺ޸ͷ󣬵ʮֽ׳һ㷢˵ĵͺ֮һ˫ɫ۾ֱĶðĶʦ֡
ҸоϡʱͷȻǻɫģǺ֮ȴһɫĳͷһֱ쵽β
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ҺѦСձ֮أǧ껱ǸСõ֤ǺﾫﾫģһͽҺѦСߵȥ
ͷһĳҾȻһȻǰİֽ֮нֱĳڶͷͷ޾ŵһĺë
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Щһĳ֮󣬾νҺͶʦָΧסˣһ׶ޱȣ˵͵͵ƺ֮
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˵ˣͷǶҵһ﾿ôҵʮͷȻƵأ
˵ҲΪ棬ΪǶʦޣҶܹӻ˼ŪʮͷҲô˼顣
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鼱֮䣬ͻȻ뵽һ飬ȻЩѾˣǾԵĲҾͿƾһˡ
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ʬһΧĿȻһΪʬ߱Ǽ֮ʤʱһеԲɣһʴסûѵ塣
ʬһóҺɨ˳ȥЩ鱾˷һһܵʬߵϢʱ¶˾ֵɫͷѾ˲ԾɲסΣǰһͷȴѾҵǰ
еķʬ߲ƫУôһͷԴϡ
ͷһЪ˹ĲҺһ£ȻٵĻһź˲ͱʬȥһ롣
һͷ鱾Ѿ˵ҵߣڷʬĩ˵Сҵ˸֮£ξȻһһ˻ȥһͷ鱻ɸɾʱڶͷҲն𣬿ٵĻ˺ʬճסȻٵɡ
ߵս죬ʦҲȻЩײһһϵĻ桰䡱һִһȦЩƽŵķ׷׺ˣЩҲֻǺ˶ѣû뿪ʦ֣ΧŶʦֲϵתȦӣȻ䣬ȳͷ³һɺһ죬ͳŶʦֵĺҧ˹ȥ
ʦŭһͷʹ³һںɫĻ磬ͷٵײ˹ȥһҧϣ鲻òɿ졣


698 £һ
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˿ЩһʱҲ޷סʦ֣ʦҲܺܿ콫Щȫɱȥ
һֻʱ˳㳯ŶʦǱ߿һۣı㾰
ǣһֱվԶſϷ̬İʱҲ޷ˣΪ̣ҲΪ׺һУΪѴ֮ƾǼֻܹ£ҽʬó֮󣬼һһͽЩ׺ɵһɶǺεȿֲֶΡ
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һæеͭǮֵԿ죬ǰ˼Уŭĺˣһɺݾֱ͵Ҹ޷мܣϾҵΪ̫࣬ǿֶκķ˺üˣƾɣ֮ұǰһؿڣоؿڵ߹ǲ֪˼۵˺ѷΣȻҵضֱӳź浹˳ȥɳȥʮԶ֮ڵϹȦȻһգҳ͵ȥ
ʱҲŷӦѾ£Ԩ
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ҵµͬʱؿڴ˺ѷεľʹ־£ҵ˫ȴڲϻŵģߵķţҵڼٵµ䡣
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˫ץס¶ʮ׵ĵطεţµײ˫żסһʯӸȶסˡ
ͲһҾֱӵ䵽棬ˤһǡ
ؿڱǰݺһţ߹ǲ֪˼۵˺ѷΣѪ˳
΢΢
Լ䣬˺ѷεĺһֱںҵ֣Ƭ֮ͻȻһЩŭĿ޺ңҪСŸһ𡭡
УҸѪģҪˣҵѪľΥˣҿɳе𣬼ȻѾˣһҵĳŵ뿪뿪֮ǰһһʶʡȥ֮˴ǰġ
Ϊö˶˵ķ뿪ȴ˵ҪһʶҪһɵˣ
üһȻģ仹ʲôأ
һŭͷȼ
һͷԺƮ
ҪҪɱأ
ҵĵ֮ǿһԴ»ҰԹһǧ껱ڵǿศɣһǣɢ澭ҵΪõһֿǰ˲θ߼ʮ
һҾͻħļһħٲ֮أħסҵ壬ʱҽˣǴһֳ׵
ΪʲôһֱҶǿԭ
ʱҶʱ˸һȴûһܹסҵˣҲһͨ˰ˡ
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ΪҶҲ
µĵײؿڵ߹ֲ֪˼ץһֱɪɪȫʹͣҲ֪һֶܹá
ǿڵ״ĻǲµģȻȥһǡ
ɣ֮ǰܽЩаɱɸɾҲʹ졣
ʶѵǶʱ䣬ܹӳط
뵽ұ㲻κԥһҧ⣬Ѫķʽʼҵе
֮еǿʱ˱Ϣʼ澭


699 һħǿƻع
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ʶҲһƮ죬ĳһʱ̣ҸоԼҪˣȴɿеһɿ£ǡ
־Υ޺ԺصݣڲҽУڳҷŭ˻
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ֻҵΪ޷ɰҪȻҲⷬ
μʹҲϴ΢ôһЩϾЩʱһÿնУҲ˲٣ֵֿʹҲӡ
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ͷɴ˺ѷεĿ޺Ӵ̼ҵɱ֮ġ
Щ˿϶ΪѾˣȻٴλعʱ򣬱ǵجΡ
Ƭ֮󣬵ȶе֮䣬˫Ų±ڣͬһڻһ㳯ٵһ߰ף֮һͲ±ڣڿն
ڰ¶̧֮ƣҪĴİ󣬰üԼˮߵѾתߣҪ뿪ˡ
ǧһ֮ʣԾȻȵ±ϣָֻɨһڵϵͭǮͭǮͷһ֮Ȼһʹǰ
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ڿٴγϵʱЩ˵ı龫֡
һȫŴͣȥһȭͷ˿̵ǶʼԼ۾ˡ
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СŸ磡ϲ֣󱯴ϲ֮Ҳûϵʱһţһͳ˹
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ħСħˣǶˮɸֲڷһĲ˼顣
ҴɳȥǸǱĹڵ֮󣬺ܿ췭еǱֽ߰ȱղŵͭǮֱһҲ˼Ŀң⡭⾿ô¶ôˣ
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700 뷢ʬ
ڶݵľŹǰüǸߵһС˵һЩʲôǺ˿һۣͷȻתٵ뿪
̫ԶҲûüǺ˵ЩʲôǵǺ֮ǰüң˵һﲻҪţħϾΪǳ֧Ŷãҿ˲ûȫħʶʮѣֻħ֮ǰװˣһһϣսپնɱ
һﾪˡ
˶˿ֲģʱüһ仰ڳˡ
ϸ˵ļǣһһϣһ࣡尡ǶˮһͱҴˣҵԹһԲϣ;еɸֲ棬߳ɱ˹
ЩҲһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬Х죬ӿ
ʱңǵһĨ̵ЦǰͭǮֱֶƯҵͷ֮ϣҿٵתͭǮٵתͭǮĽ֮ϷһѤĺâ˲ִҷ˾޴ĺ֮
Щ˽ͭǮĲٿ֮£ֱӱֻɳȥһ׵ľ룬˲ըƵѿȻͷ˼ʮöͭǮͭǮ˲ַ˼ʮͭǮÿǰһξ룬ǼʮͭǮ֮ٴη˼ʮͭǮ
һʱ䣬Х죬ǧǧһ㡣
ĞųȻ䱻սƺϡ࣬Ϊҵת֮£ΧѾһգȫ˲ٿرͭǮټɰһ˳
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ѹڵе˷ӡʱѾǿ˰ٱеķȻҲǿٱǧֹ
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һй󣬵ʮʬ壬ЩͭǮָĺˣνǲҲ̶á
ǰ棬һɱ֮Ȼ֮кܿƮɢһѪζ˷θ
һŵѪζЩа
ѪζڱǼ⣬ʮŵѪζҵɱ¾֮Ĳûκӵǿ
ʱԺٴηӿԩڳŭ˻Ǹңɱǣɱǣ
֪ħ֣ɱԽ࣬ҾͻӵȣħȫռԼʶʱҲħ
һͭǮʩչϣԭݲѵжȥ˲٣Ҹоɺܶࡣ
ÿҵʶ㱵ʱһɫϢͻƣâƺ˼֣ұһ˿ѡ
ǧ껱ڵܹǣסӿԹȫѵġ
һɱȴʮˣɢڸͭǮٴᣬ·ɻҵС
ʱͻȻһҰ޵ҵͷһʦ߻Χ߰ͷ飬أƴɱ
Ķʦ֣ҵ䵽֮ڸЩսȻѾвͷ鱻ʦ֮յĻɢ
ʱʦֿҲòȥƵǲܻѾֻ̫࣬ʣ¼ʱҪϨȥ
ʦ֣ˣʣµͽҰɡ
۵Ŀһ۶ʦ֣ʱһֻѾס˶ʦֵĺȣźʦֵĺ֮ϾȻɫѪҺ۵Ķʦֲסİ
һ֣ղŵڵϵķʬҵУⷨһɱϢʹ˹Ҳ΢΢Ĳš
ʬҲоǿߵϢ


701 ˷죬ɱ
ѷʬүģ䵽ҸүĵУѷʬ˭УӳǿһС֮ųӦеĹʡ
Ҳ֪ʬߴӺζΪʲô䵽үУʬվһһȴҵУҲûҵķɣûʬߵĺƺ֮
ʬ֣΢΢ţֻǿߵУܹ
ܵһ˿ү߸үеưɣ֮һ˲䣬ʬĩ˵СͻȻͲ˸ˣâţ˶УȻǰ죬ȴҲӳյһƬѪ졣
һ̣ҾѷʬߣһΣֻҧסʦֺȵ󣬲Ӧʬ߾ͳӴ˹ȥ
һ֮£ʱһҺգۼĹͻһɫϢʬУʱû˿ͣ٣ʬ߸һ壬˲ͱɵĸɸɾ
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һֻеͭǮ΢΢һΣֻܵȥٶȿǵʯͭǮŷһâûüɢͭǮ̸ͭǮˣͭǮıͷһΣҷ
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ʱҲſ˰еİֽȣֽԭǻʮģЩ鱻ȫ֮ﵴȻһգֻлŵļʯͷѣҲǰ
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ǰо˾޴ΣգΪһĳȥʱĞųʱٴβľ޴ĲδƷѾĵϵʯͷ
ǰڿʱٴеİֽȵסһƣӱԵһƳȥʮԶһεĹڵء
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ϣƶҪһŽĻڣ
ѳɺüİֽȣǰɫʹˣеİֽȸҵķʬߺéɽһ㣬洫ķʮҴϡãҲûõļֵôʹ
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ҲǱҸƼˣȻҪųΪԸҡ
óǼ֮󣬰üһ˦֣㽫Ǽɫ쳯˹һ֣ͭǮٴηɵҵ˵УǼն˹ȥ
Ҳ֪⼸ʲôֻΪǿǼն˵ȻҵͭǮʱǼͻȻһ·ɢҵ˷ȥ


702 ˷飬
Ща棬Ȼϣ⻹һźɫΪۡ
Щ첻ͭǮնԶɢ˷Ĳ֮УΧסƬ̣Щ߲ʰ쵵ĸɫ㷢ҷ죬һŨĺ˷ڶ
һжڵʯ֮䣬ҵͭǮȥٶȻҪ졣
ʵЩһǰüʱҾ͸оЩˣԲŻͭǮȥնЩ죬ֻٶʮ֮һ룬Щͷɢ˿
Щһڵ֮һĿֻŸжʱϮͷһ֣㽫ͭǮлУ붼û룬ͳһλ˳ȥеͭǮҲնһɫ졣
һֺֿݣͭǮϺâҫƺʹ˺üȦ
Ҹǽǵ֮еٴηתȫڵĺɫɷȻһգȫһ֮ϡ
һ֮ԶǧʯĽҲռĞųȻս
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˿̵ңڵ֮еΪһ֮£ֹ֮Ƕˮ߶ʱӾ̽˽һͳնɱ˹ȥ
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һĲҽ쳹أʤ׷ǶˮһǸոձնƵķڣʱһĶסҵȥ·һΣײǷ֮ϣһǿʱҷ˻
ⶫˮһ飬ܿˡ
ǰ趯ڣΪ֮ᣬ֮ڵĞųĵݣڲѣΪĵܶʱƮһˮƵķģԼƯض졣
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֮ڣ֮⣬һ֣ҸոմʮоµĶʦ֡
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Ȼⷨİ˸λЩĪĺɫƮһǿ֮УʱһͷĿѣŲḡҡβѡ
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ǹǧڵĻƺܹɵϵĲľεϢҵ澭֮УƮĺֻʱˣܿ㱻Ҷסˡ
ҿһ۶ʦֳ֣ܿһۣһĹҵȫΧˣ㣬ʮ׳ۡ
뵽ķӣһǰüλҪ£Ѿ˰˷֮У϶Ӳˣһһնɱ
һ䣬ҵʱһæת߰˸˳ǹͻ˷һҴ˹Ҵֱ֮࣬һЩǹǹͷȫնϣȻһͳǷ˹ȥ
ͭǮ̵ǷΧʱ򣬿ֲͷˣҵͭǮ˷ķ֮ϣǴ̵ͭǮڣ޷ͻưֱ֣۷顣
ǷȴԽֱд̵֮С
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703 ֮󣬺ë
һʱĶʮֲ
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һʼǳǹì˹ǹ˵ǰ棬ȴ˲ΧһȦˣǸֶֻƾſٵСȦ֮вϵתŲӿľһ磬еͭǮҲһ˵һ㡣
ʱҺöʦͻȻϵĻ͵һ´ϸߣٴαҵסһֵĹ
ҪǶʦϵĻѵЩĸʽûдϣֱӱʦϵĻڻˣĻͭģֻҪմȾʦֵȻͱȥ
ƾŶʦָȡһʱ䣬ͭǮ׷˳ȥںɰټһЩΪʱͽͭǮӳֵĹâ貣ͷϾͷͭǮɢȥ
˲䣬ߴˡ顱ľ죬ͭǮһڵͷը죬ƬɢȥǷܣЩͭǮײڷܵʱ򣬶ʱǷĥȥΪޡ
ҲûκôҿǷƺһЩĞųҲûѹֵ˴Ϣĸо
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СȻǺ޼ңǰѴ˼İֽȴϡãӡʮնɱҵĶС
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УǵĳսȥҳҪǸŪҪУ˱лصı£Ҳ޷ʩչ
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շ䣬һķ֮ͬҴʱڷ֮ʩչջı£ҲԼŪһڹǡ
շһ֣ʱ͵ҵǰ棬סλĽұɣǰüķ컭ꪣҲ޷ͻշĻ
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ڹƵķ֮УԼշҲһ򵥵ķ󣬱һȦĻΧ£Уϣһǵǹ룬ҴʱΪϱ֮ӵļͣһʱ޷ͻơ
һŪЩڷ֮ļһʱɵˣûκΰ취
һֱڷĽǴ֮ϣһǲô
˻Ҳȫֻ֮ҪҳҲᱻ档
ұסˣҲһжԸǵķ
Ϊһүéɽ塣
ǿʬʬġ
ҸղŴʱһͭǮɱʮˣʬ彡ȫӦûжʮ߰ɡ
ֱӴǬнéɽ˳ͨϴϼصķͿھ߶éɽ塣
éɽнζȻֻǶļ죬ΧĞųݣ뵿
Щϳҷĺ˵ĺ棬һĻͷˡ
Щéɽʬ忪ʼ΢΢Ĳϳ˺ɫĳëԽԽţһָһ˲ͳʮǰ㳤ֺǷذһ㡣
Щոɵĺëʬ֮Ͼ˰ɫǱղŻˣʬϾа֮첻Ⲣǲ˷
ǰ죬éɽĲٿ֮£ЩëʬҲְܹСʱϣŻᱻն
СʱѾ㹻ˣ̫յĺëʬӵײУȲҪѪʱʹࡣ


704 ʧأɱ
éɽĴ߶֮£ڶʮߺëʬðẒ́ӵϵһĿ˷ŭɱһ㡣
ЩëʬոմӵϵʱΧЩ˾ͷһʣȺ֮жʱһҺ;µĽ
ʬǽʬҿ֪ܰĸһĶѾˡ
ʬѾΪټˣΪܹȻγɽʬʬ֮٣ǱˣҲصֶθʿˣ߲Ƚʬ㲼ãǽʬϵʬ
󲿷ּпֵܳĽʬӦöΪƣʬŻʬʬ֣Ҫ뵷ĳһ߽ʬҲǰ׵飬Ҫкʵʬ壬ܹʬǱʣܹɽʬҪһʮʱ䡣
֮ǰԬʦԸҵʱ򣬾ʹ˼ߺëʬѾʬƵѹ׵ļƷʬˣʬƵĽʬ׺ûмֻǼԼһʮ׺ĺɷ
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ڴ˵УʬһجΣΪǹ룬ΪëѪΪǿΪµܴȾʬʬҧˣͬҲɽʬ
ңһʬʬ壬Ϊ͵ȵĽʬֱԽ˰ëʬת˺ëʬζЩʬ쳣ǿ󣬲Щ³зֶĺֵܹġ
ǰüˣҪ׾ٵһߺëʬҲô׵顣
ʮߺëʬ˻𣬷ŭţðɢŨʬỊ̇ܿͳȺ֮˹ȥ
ղͭǮɱĺˣ֮һҲ˵³зֶĺٻжٸȻЩëʬʮЩ˶Ժëʬ˵͵ͻСһ
ëʬһǼ˶ʱңƬ̣вҽӷ֮⴩˹
ڻζéɽָǶʮëʬʱ򣬳ɽµԴͷһۣźëʬȽϽһˣܿ챻ëʬ˵¡
ЩëʬΪֲ˵֮ſĴ죬ֱҧЩ˵Ĳӣһ̧ͷƤ⳶һ飬׼Ѫܵλã͵һϴѪҺͱЩëʬĿС
Ѫ֮Ľʬðŵİɫʬʱ˲٣𣬼ѰһĿꡣ
Χڷܱ߶Ըҵĺʮ³зֶΪĸ֣ﻹаüͶˮһΪһȫʰˡ
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ʮߺëʬӲɱʮˣų˹ЩֱӱëʬŷˣЩֱӴ󺰴ûĴӴܣе˸Ҳܲˣ˫ȷʹ飬һֱŵʺ
˻ʬ˭ʬһǺëʬЩëʬֱǵܳĶɲ˾ҧһȥûлĿܣڰ죬ǵģǿֲޱȡ
ʧأȺɢԼЩ˹ĺëʬ³зֶĶʱ󾪣ɫޱȻţ˳ߵ㹥ҲΪ֮һ٣ȫ˷ԾЩëʬ
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һ£ǰüӦʩеķ컭ꪣһȻŭȵ³зֶԱˣ˭ҪǸ뿪ɱۣ
ŭȻһЩֶεģɽ֮صϢЩҪܵĺˣһʱŵı㲻ˣʧصľʱõ˻⡣
ʵЩ֮ͣΪǶʮ߽ʬѾϮЩΧСආֱ£³зֶЩ֣Լˡ
ʮߺëʬת˲͵˷Եûκͣ٣˸ղΧҵĺˣЩȻ˶ݵĻңȷʵ³зֶȽʵһָ֣һ飬ֱΧסһߺëʬս
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ǰüȴǵԼ³зֶľѪȫЩëʬУûٸҾǷ컭ꪣֱһ߽ʬ˹ȥ
Ŀǰüеķ컭ֱһߺëʬؿڣǷ컭ꪲûд͸ëʬ壬Ǳ컭ꪸ˻ȥǰüһӷȵ˵ϡ
ǰüһᣬҧָѪĨ˷컭ꪵ֮ϣٴγǺëʬ˹ȥһΣǷ컭ꪲ˽ʬ壬Ҳֻǽȥһ֣ŭǺëʬŰü˺üеķ컭Ҳֶ
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ؼǿ޷ͷųĺӵԣЩɶɷԹɣʱһҵʶͻģħļԽԽء
ǧ껱ڵֵţһǾԼʶЩˣеɱ֮رŨ˿̵оֻһĿģǾɱˡ
۵Ѫ̼ѪڣҲʮּ٣ûһ̣ѪܸҴôջѪζ˾ð
ҸоԼЩƮƮȻʱһŭҵʶΪ֮һ٣ҷӦ˹תͷһۣǶʦֳҺһҵʶ
һҵħҪסˣҪǶʦּʱѵĻ
æٵĬ˼ĿھԼȶҷֲ̫ãɱ̫֮ˣʶѵ״̬£ұҪ취˴ҪȻԼͰԼŪˡ
뵽֮ߵһƿǷһ۴һֱۣӽеͭǮٴγ۴˹ȥһõһɱУڵĺɫɷȻһʱʶ˼֡
ǰͭǮһ޴ĺâֱ۴Ȼ䱬ѿΧĞųٴսΧɰķһʱٴε˼֣ѾЩҡҡ׹ˡ
ٴνͭǮջУһµʱͻȻһֵͷ֪ϵķʬܲܽⷨˡ
˷ʬߣοǰϣͳǴ۵ķλ˹ȥطΪһڣǵطһʼȱƻϻŶˮߵһֻ֡
ԣǸλǲǴġ
͵ҿҪʬ̽ȥʱͻȻһŭĺԶ˹Ъ˹ĴҪĹȻﶼƭûμҵ֣ﲻʬΣ
ҵԴ̧۾Դȥǰüϱֱһ˵ڵľͳɱ
ﵱ𿴽ٽأܶٶһҲԶԽ֮͵˶ԱߣʱߺëʬǸоϵѪȽذɣ˵ͳŶ˹ȥ
ԶԶģǶûпܽһŷֳߵľȻ߳źëĽʬ
Ƕһ˫С۾ɵԲүƵľҲݣëʬЩʬðġ
Ļ˵꣬ߺëʬ˵ߣ˷צӣͳ˹ȥһ֮󣬷ӦҲʱŭһе˵ʱֳһĳ


706 ɱɱɱ
е˵һͲʲôͨƷǸķҵһۿʱѾˡ
Ƕһ֣˵ϵĺ˸޵Ѫɫһ˵ȥͽǺëʬһֻı۰
͵ŰüҲǶôףôһĸϻЩ˼
ղҴʱǰüߵһ֪һ϶ȥǶˣٶĵͦ졣
ǶȻһնǺëʬֱۣǺëʬûиоһ˿ʹûһ˿Ѫʳʬû֪ηʹֻҪԴնǻģޱȡ
Ƕˣе˵·׷ɣأնЩëʬֱۣһȥͽһߺëʬԴǺëʬ˲źȻأð̣óһɢȳζ⡣
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ﻹëʬ£ֲöǰüߺģʵ֤һС
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ҿǶһЦǶͬҲң̶С۾â˸޲һڳңҽ׵ܵΆӸˣμҾ˺ҲŹ֡
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һεĽéɽǬ˳÷ͿھǣЩëʬҧĺˣٴζƬ̣һͦʬ𣬺ëָףһ˲ˡ
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кŷʬ߻۶ʱҿⷨΧķһ˲ѿ˷ҲĲƲԡ
ⷨһʱһɣ˷ʬߣսͭǮĿܿ˸һߺëʬƴɱüϡ
һеԴҪǿ°һб÷ġ
ҵģ³зֶӽ쿪ʼ㲻ˡ
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ʱյѾЩ͸ˣɫͨ죬ȴ˵ССŸ磬㲻Ҫҡ
ڿһĻʱҵɫʱޱͭǮңңĳǶˮָ˹ȥ˵Ҫ֣͵ǹƥĸӸһܣһŮΪҪЮʲô
㵱ɵôӲ㿪ЦҾҪǲЩëʬŵҾͽСǵĲšϣôԣǶˮߵһ˫ۣ˵ģʮ


707 ±һ޸
˿̣Ƕɱۣν伫ˮҲףҪסңΨһš
ǰһжҪˣʲôأʲôɽѪģ繷ʺһ㣬ֻҪܻţʲôҪ
ԭ³зֶȵĳԶˣһжˮߺͰǿԮҪң͸һֻǰס
ջǽҸƼˣұƵͶ·ؽš
Ҳòҵռɱзųҵȥ˵
Ҿֵˣɱôˣһʹ˵ã
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ͣеĶҲеĽȻ˿ɱ죬ҵʶûȫɥʧ֪жôҪ
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ΥѪģΪһ߲᲻֪
Ȼҿʱֻܵŭһֽӽķŭ

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֪һҷһеֿһ·һҲʲô³
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ջǶеͭǮеéɽ΢΢һΣż죬ص֮䣬Щԭɱĺëʬʱû˵ĵ綯һ㣬һ׷Ե˵ϣɥʧ
Щëʬأһ߾ʬðʬ͸ŨˣƬ̣еĺëʬͻһ̯ŧѪ⣬ɢޱȳϢ
Щԭ׺ݵĺëʬģǶˮ߲ŹЦסӵַһЩŵһϢ
һĿң۵˸ȻŴŵỬȻ˵ϡ
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֮ǰԼŮ˿Իţѡһ˵ǰһҡ
ЦӣȻ˲Сˡ
նϲ⣬Ǽʶˡ
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ȻȴһߣֻѾѪ
СŸ硭Ǳٴδʹĺ
޷ԤϵһĻͷˣץס˶ˮߵֻ֣Ȼҧһڣˮ߳ʹһҺƾͳȥǶˮߵϣѾת±ߣͷĿһۣҪοǰľȻͲᣬ֮⣬һžӨ⻬
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һ˲䣬˾ǱͿһ㣬ĿƵѪӿһΣ͹˵ϣһ죬ۡһ³һںɫѪҺð˿˿ĺɫɷ
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708 ú
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֪ҿ϶ŲҲǵв֮ѡһеֿ
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ϾҪ嵽ߵʱһ컭ꪳŵϴ˹ʶ䣬ұһץסǷ컭ꪵļͷϰԷӲĽǷ컭ꪸأȻǷ컭ꪵļͷǶˮ˹ȥ
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Ҹû㣬ӭĶ̵ͳ˹ȥ
⼸һĴ򷨣еĶ̵ԴϵʱѾײ˶ˮߵĻȻһѾץס˶ˮֻŶ̵ֱۣˮߴ󾪣Եĸоӷ˿־嵽ս
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ŴӰüǷ컭۶ϵļͷһ¾ʹ̽˶ˮߵĸ
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һȥˮزйͷѣǻȫȥȻǵڶơƣһ֮߰ҷǰһգͷһſǶˮߵӲˣֱӱ䵽棬ҵץһŵɴ˫۵ͷµĲλûˣʲôʱûеҶ֪ʱҾֻһ뷨Ǿɱ


709 Сķ
ҳ򶫺ˮߣɥУӵʱ䶼һһַɱ¾֮С
оǻŭûзйꡣ
ҿǶˮߵӲ֮еһæת㿴ǰü˿лһѳǹٴγҴ˹
ǵһתﻹһѪܵͷʱǶؿڵĳǹʱһգæͣ˽Ųʶĺڻһƺߡ
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ټҴ˿Ѫɫɷƣһ֮ɫ϶Ǵӵ߳Ķһ㡣
ҾǶޣո˵ġ
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ˡСķˡǰü˵ϵľ֮ɫԸӡ
ǰüֶܿһˣһ˵Ϣȥôأʲô
˵ıǰüķˣһֵٽϵĶ˵˰üߣȴȻ塣
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Ӻܴ󣬰üͰʱһͬǴӵĺ棬סԼӡ
ٵͭǮһĹͭǮʱ򣬾Ƕ۵Ӵ޻һ֮С
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±ҵһʩչͭǮ龰֣ǰһ˲䱻ʬ飬һЩ˱ɢͭǮУһ˲͵˶ʮˡ
һ߿ЩͭǮٴͭǮһéɽ壬ǣЩãʬ廹õͦʬ𣬱ɺëʬӦЩ˵Ľ
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ĹɵĶʦǰһſڣһС¶Ƿ֮ϡ
䡱һǷ۾ҵȼյž졣
Ȼһûбܻ沨
ǶһΣ˵Ūһ磬һ˹


710 ħ
ͭǮ߾ͷǶϣŨɱ֮ĺĳޣұη壬һΣܿ͸ײһ
һʼҾ֪ĺܣҶ˵еǿҲûһܹѹסЩ̫Ӧĵáֶ̡ΣһǳɣȫǳҵҪһһرƵ飬ܶζǳ·ҵɲǼǺҽܵΆĵȥŻһֱҪͬԸҡ
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Ȼǿ֧֮£éɽԪȭҲõ˼£Ƕ˵ңô׵顣
ֻǴһ˵ҲˣǰüҲͦһ˳ǹս֮УǷ˶һͬҲס
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ǲ²ĸǿҽռһЩϷ硣
ƴԼ߰ʮеʱҹ©һǰüΪץס˻ᣬеĳǹһ³ҵĺĴ˹
һΣ׶㿪ٵһշ䣬ǳǶ˹ȥǶ˫㿳շϣôһʱ䣬ת˷һɱǰü
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üһΣ̧ͷһۣ۵Ĳ˼飬ûͨЩĲݺôסġ
ҸκηӦĻᣬͭǮٵĴŰγôһɨһ˶ͷ­һǻѪ˳Žһ
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һ̣ԺͻȻӿһЩԩХҺĻʹŭһӿ˹
ǽûˡ˵ɱɡɱɡЩ˵һ㣬ЩɱˣӦǵѪȾɽ£ǵͷȥꡣ
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ֻһŮ˻ζһķ⳯ұ˹һŷΪŭŤ
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711 ɱķ
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һ֮״̬оһ쳣ǿʶҵʶغϣֺұʶ
֮£ҵַ˺ֵܶı仯
һ˲䣬ҾԼͻȻǰǿԭǶͱ˵˵ҵ۾˺ܶࡣ
˿֮УǰЩˣϵҪȫ¶ҵǰϷŴһҪЩʲôҶǰƿһ㣬״̬Ҵǰûġ
Щ˲ѪѪܣٵʱ¶һжҾ۵ס
ԣǶ﷢˷ľ˵ʱѾǰһǰͭǮһǶһ׳ֱ۱㱻ˢˢĿ
һʵ̫ˣһʮֵĽǶն˹ȥǶַ֮֮еķŭŤȻʹ࣬һɱĲҺ
ϱ۴ӿѪٴαŽһڵģһϢٴδ̼ңѪζ̫ãҾһûгԷˣһζĴͣɳĮ֮УҪʱǰһƿĿȪˮһ㡣
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ĺˮݣԩŭγһɾ޴Թڹĵݣţŭţɱɱɱ
ΨͦеͭǮһǰѪһδεıŽҵϡ
һնǶֱ֮ϣҺܿ͹ȥһȻʹǶҲӦ˹һֻе˵ҵͭǮȴҵͭǮ˳ȥһ޴ײ𣬻ĽȻ󳤽ֱ룬һ¾ʹǶؿڡ
еͭǮγؿڵѪӿһһһһֱӿǶĲϣһ˶ͷ­ѪӲǻӿ
ſ˫ۣȴӿѪҵϣȵѪôãҲĴЦ
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Ҷ˵ͭǮͳǱʦ׷ŵİɱ˹ȥ
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ҷۿȥֱéɽƵЩëʬ߰˾ߣٸ˵Χ֮µڵϵġ
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һΣѪ罦ҵϣͷǣѪΧЩɫɷϵʱֱӱ㱻Ǻɫɷȥ
ǰʱ򣬸ٴԺﳳֲݡ
ŸĲҺһ·ֱײĶʦֺܿҲսţͻȺɱһ
ǰ濪·֮ƬƬʬ嵹ڵϣûܹһ֮УǲЩ˵Դ߳𣬻ӾͱնأЩӶϳ֮󣬻ûȥſڵʹĲҽвݣҷ֣ʹĲҺҲڲϵĴ̼Ҵɱķ


712 ģӰ
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һ·ɱҽµԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪ɱ˶ˣֻǸоϵ·ȫѪ͸ˣϣȻ˲ݵϡ
ԽԽѪҵߣеѪζŨɢ
Ҳ֪ɱ˶ãǰѾʣµ˲ˣӵӡ
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ҵʶٴλ㱣֮еھݡ
ҸоһźɫϢһɫϢɱǺɫϢռλ͵ĳҵײ
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ģҵ忪ʼһһʧȥ֪˫ȣȻһֱӵǸңջҵʼЦ
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ȻǸģӰߵҵߣҵȻ˵ЩʲôûҵԺ֮вǾʹгˮһĺ
һֻҵĶͷϣһĨѪı˰ţһȼҵʶ׳ȥ


713 Ѫ
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ʱЩӡ󣬵̫벻ˣҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪


714 ȫ
һ˫Ŀҿ˺һϵıƳʲô߳ȻҵֻʹãȻ
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˵ĵ̾ϢһЩźԹ˵ֻϧǺò͵ı˰Ϊ˷ӡħ˷һڤ֮˶ãһȥһ˻Ȫ·͵һС
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ĺܺ棬ǰЩ޵Ůˣʲô
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Щ飬Ҳûʲôøģ͸򵥽һΪŴʣ԰ٶ֣ܹǱ˰ڤߵĶоǣʱǱԩϽӵĺˮ֮УЩԩ˽ȴϴŵһҲǷʬߣȥһʱ䲻֪ɵ˶ԩӽķɫ䣬˻Ȫ·Ķ˺ܶֻЩ֮ǰʬ߳ܲס޾ԹһԹתƵҵϣѹ˵֮СÿҶǿԹʱ򣬱ʱ̳űԹħɵ³һΪҵһΣһħͳɹˣҾͻΪһɱ˿ܡ
渵˼ĵ˵ͷƬ̣ٴ˫ĿɨһۣʵǸʬҵĺˣ
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ΪǰҵŮˣҵŮ˱£ǱҪȫ⣡˵⻰ʱҵ֮гɱ쿴Ҳһ


715 ɽ
ҶӣƺܵеŭƬ֮󣬱㽫Ų˵ôһصԺĿͷˣǲưոݵģΪ֮ǡ
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716 㲻Ҫ֪
ȻͷԼݷŵĺܵͣҽͷҲʧͿĽһϲ
ͷ˵ͷЦеҵߣСĴӴϲϸĵͷҵĺ֮ϣʹҰ˴ϡ
ʱſ˴ǰ³һ̯Ѫ˵ͷ˵һٻͷĺѪ³õĸһЩԭϷΪЩʱû뵽ô죬վˣðҪϷıʣ˵ˡϽЩɡ
ͷкţСƳĵ۵򿪣һɷеζƮ˹ʱʳָ󶯡
ͷݹһ˫ӣʵԼܲܳԣҪҪι㣿
ͷԼɡҴͷϽӹ˿ӣֽܾſӵֻЩǿЩǿԵġ
ⷹʮַḻĲһɽŹǣһֻ㣬⻹ɿڵزˣһҲнģƯżֻЫӣүүҺȹʮȫ
ſӣкͷһԣͷֻǵҡͷ˵ǳԹˣԼԱɣ
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һŸұ㲻Ҷʣͷʰ˶ҵ˵ͷСͳš
ܿʣһˡ
򵥵ĳԹһЩ֮󣬶ʱЩҶһŻһȽţʮֳأЩľԼһ㣬µǲˡ
ұһ飬вɵЩŭڱ³зֶݳ֮ǰص֪սʼգص˶û¶档
սΪˣһЩյģϾһͬүүϲ£֪ͨң϶֮ˣʲô顣
뵽ҵǬҵ˳óһֻˣҲ֪ʲôʱģҪֻ֪û˻ǱˣǴ򲻿ˡ
ֻ֮ǰģŵǣֻд绰ͷŵĹܣһֱá
Դ֮ҾûлԭԽһЩֻߵĸžԽ󣬷ϹŶֻϵӰ΢΢
Ҫһǣֻʱܳû˼ÿ磬ǰ²ܽĹ⣬ʮַ㡣
ֻõ˽ǳױˣ˵ܹҺҵŵǣҲˤʱ
սϵһأǲˡ
ұ³зֶն飬үүǱ߿϶ҲõϢȻļ٣ٹȥһڣǻѾ³зֶ˰ɡ
ʵҲôһˡ
ͷѾʰöȥˣ绰ţֻܵƬ̡
һҾͻ飬ʹԸӡ
ұڴϣŬĽϣʼУֻн˼棬ܹʱתҵע
ãҲŽ֮ľȥǼһԼƣ˵ȷأʱħʱ򣬽ԼǱܶ˳Ƚأ˵Ǻأؿڱǰĺһӣһ˿ڡ
֮⣬ϻһЩˣ˿ںܳѾ̣ò˼ӦþȬˣϾҵڳˣųǿ޸
״̬֮ãֱڶ糿ٴαͷƿʱҲ۾


717 Ե
һΣͷǹͷģҼ򵥵ĳԹһЩ֮󣬱ͷ˵Ҫһ绰ãͷһ˵Ҫ绰ʱٴαĽҪ绰ʲô
ҿͷӣ˵Ǹ绰ƽ˵ĻǻΪأȻʹ˵ͷҲûзɽ䱸ǲǴϵصˡ
˻һһô֪ҪصϵϵΣϵΣ
ͷ΢΢һЦ˵˵˲ô͢˴򽻵ҪϵصˣǲҪ˴ط½ˣһг͢˲룬ôһ¶
ͨͷһѾȷ϶ǽˣڵߣ໹ǰϴͳǾǽԹ漰ٸʲô飬սϵĹؽˣֵȷѪ꣬Ҳٸ˴򽻵ֵ̫󣬹ٸ˲Ż롣
һֱ֮϶ǰսذ£ȻߵһȦӣ壬͢Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣܲ;룬ǷڶֻҪ漰һصΣȽϴа֯ѧΣͨˣ㰮ôô򣬹ٸҲȥܡ
չٸ˵뷨߶˲źãͻ˺ܶϰոܰҵ
ȻԼȦӣҲܵٸԼһΪٸصѹ³϶ʮңһֱԹٸ˱ֽ䱸Ȼùٸ֪Լĵϸ
ԣͷص˹Ҳ֮С
ҳƬ̣ȻֵҲүүǱߵϵҼﱨƽаɣ
ԣԺ֮զŪզŪҹܲţֻҲԸһڲУһ죬ҶŷأҪҼСϷɳе𡣡ͷ˵
Ȼ˵ͨҲͲᣬɱʾ˸л԰ͷķУȡԼٵĻָãܹµ·
һ죬˳ԷϲҼУԼϵˡ
֮ұǿµ·жЩ㣬ǳǿ޸֮⣬оͷҩţҲ˺ܴá
µ·ˣұͷ˵һҿɲ뿪
ͷٺһЦ˵ȳԼϣ߱ߣͷʡУҵõСԸֻǺ㣬˺֮󣬱ȥ
һ£ͷֵȰٴ죬Ҫôżߣţۣҿɾ͹ܲˣһ죬ϷҲܻסȫ
ҶͷٴαֵĸлһкܶҪʵڲ
ͷȥѾҲûǿʰ˶ֱͳԺӡ
ȳ֮ҲŷһܴԺ䣬ǵĺԺһ㣬Ժֲ˲ٻݲݣ⽨Ҳɫζʮ㡣
ҾֱԺ֮ͷóһɫıݸң˵ЩأҲҼС׼õģȥԼСһЩˣϷ⼸ࡣ
˫ֱȭһأٴα˸лŵϲݶ飬ˣԺСõҵĵطܿϳǻ߸߸ڴңصȫԸ
ͷ˰֣ûٶԣ̾ϢһͳȥʱͻȻһ飬æϲԵȡ
ͷҪشˣ̧ͷңʵк£
ԺܲҵС㣿ͻȻʵ
ǲҪҪκط͵ûǼС㣬û˵Ҫ㣬߰ɡ˵ţͷֱӹš
ſһԽԽǾֺ֣棬쵽ʲô·صģҪǽڵңҲҪڡ
תһ룬ܰ׾һЩܶʱ򣬽϶ɼҼңһֱصͦģҪǹǼ飬ҵڶ֪ôıҲүүģ֪Լļʲôطǻ
Ȼ˼Ҳ֪ҲݶԺлصȻҲκ顣
ãã˺ܹԵ֣һθڻȪ·ϵĹ壬ڶμ棬һԵվټĻᡣ
˵󲻴˵ССлټġ
ſפһ뿪ư˹յãҶתԺˣһ·֮ϡ


718 һص
ߵ˴·ϵʱѾЩһ·ߵĹվʱͷҵǸɫһǱ֮һñӣһīݸһЦ
ȷʵʮܵˣһ¾³зֶٶˣü˶Ҹɱˣ³зֶ治˵γҲԪˣʣµȫһЩСɫֵһᣬΨһһΆҲ˵°뱲ӾҪ̫ˣǲٳڡ
ˣȻȥĻ
Ҳûеɱ³зֶôˣһصµӾ͸ˣ˵һصأǸΆļһڳʮΣա˵һߣһͨˣҲܹ׵Ľ̵
ñӺīҵݵġ
·ҵһϴóһϴװһƤߣ˵ƤĴУɵһֶ׼ˣһƤߣҾ͸һ˲ࡣ
ڱ﷭һ£ﾹȻϻ··֮ǰմѪѾϴˣĺ룬Ҳ˰·棬ƱһһǮ
Ǳ˳֮ΪСˣô󷽣һϳǸܻǮٿǮҲ͹ˣֱӸһ
ǮԱ߻һոµֻ¿ǣһֵͦǮġ
Щ뵽˳˪оܹ飬˵Щ̫ϣһʮ̫ܵǰ޵ܹĳ顣
ҿЦһ£һƤߴϣվӵʱ֣Ƥ߸ҵʮǺϣǸʵˣһʮ˵ĺӣȥЩɣϸһͦ˧ġ
Ƥʮ⡣
īñӣҾֱ˳ֻֻȡ˳װֻ֮У֮󣬷ֻĵ񣬲Ƭ֮󣬾ͱĳų඼ʾĳĳĳʲôʱҴ绰֮ģмʮôࡣ
ϸһ飬ǵ绰սģѦСߴģүүϰ衭
Щ绰ڼ֮ǰġ
ԥƬ̣Ǿȸүү绰˵һҰǱߣӦû֪ʲô
꣬һֱûżңҲϰˣƸҴ绰Ҳ꺮ů
үүͲһˣô飬ս϶֪ͨүү
˼ڱȻʮֵҵİΣ
ԣҾȸһ绰ȥ
绰ֻ֮ͨһͱͨˣ˵һʮּʹͷ˹ιС𣿡
šҡӦͨ绰ΰƽүү顣
һҵΰƽǼĲУæ˵СšСš㻹ţ̫ˣŰϾͰѵ绰ֳΪ㣬Ѿü춼ûкˡ
ΰƽ˵ҲЩӷᣬһ꣬˼Ҳġ
ܿ죬绰ǱִһͳүүģһȵҲЩСš㣿
үүСš
̫ˡ㻹ţأϹȥ㡭үӼ˵
һݳǣżȥһЩҪ졭ҵ˵
үǱ߳ĬһȶһЩԹ˵Сţ̫ǷˣΪʲô֪㣬㻹ҪȥͶ֪ĺ𣿡
үүҲû취ץҵŮѣֻһͨˣҪǲȥɡʵ
˾ȻûУүүʵ
ûСˡ˵⻰ʱҵٴʹһ¡
үүǱһ˵Сţ췢ܸӣеô򵥣ʵĿĲΪɱ㣬ص飬ʱսϵݳصԱһȥ㣬ڰ·һصһΣɽһصˣֶĸ֣һٶˣǱڰ·ϣǵɽʱ⵽սˣż˻ڻҽԺݳصԱȫûһΣصʧأԴʮӣүүιרӵġ
үү˵Ҷʱһ˵Ϊʲô֪ͨս壬ȴٳû˹ңԭһص


719 һ˫
׹ˡ
һصһнһ˫
ҵ㣬ץԴΪҪЮȻŪһ󣬲ϵصˣʵ֪ˣصѾϳǲ޵͵¶棬ÿγУ߶һЩص
Ҫʲô춯ص˿϶ᷢ뿪ϳǣص˱֪߳״
һ⣬ص˺ܿͻ
һصصУһʹ̵֡
صһصѹƵʮصһص˾ԲĿŵĹȥ鷳ңص˳Ȼ·
һΣǲõʮȫ³ظֶĸּһ𣬾Ϊ˸صһɱ
ǳɹˣݳǵصֲһȫûսĸҲˡ
ǴĿԣȦ꣬صˣ˿ƽǶһص˺֮ǣҲ̫ô۸ˡ
һȶһѪЩվȣҲ
ƺоҵԣүүܿʵСšôˣ
û¶ս˵жأûΣհɣʵ
һСûˣӻʣһˣҿȵļʱסˣһֱûΣաүү˵
Ƿսģһϡ
ţҧĿ죬ʱһͷǡ
Ƭ֮үүʵСţ˵Ҳ˵ĺذɡҪݳˣںΣգһصĴ䣬˽ͨֵǧ򡣡
ǺǡǧһǺֵǮЩû
үү˵ĲǺأһʱͺˣںܰȫһͻϳǣ㲻õҡٴ˵
үүӦһĬ˺һֵСţǲǶ˵֮зӡǹԹ
ҲÿɷӦѾʲôˡ
үүһֱĵѾ߻ħˣŷ㲢ûбħơүүصô꣬ʲôѪȵĳûмȥɽֳˣǱֳ龰һٶʬ壬ûһʬģɽµĲݶ˺ɫǸо˴׳һ㣬Һܶ¿ˣ˵ʵЩǲǶɱģ
ţɱģɱĻѹŭ˵
ܹѾԶԶүү󣬵ҿǷʱ򣬾;϶߻ħˣүүʳѰħ˶̫Ѫˡ
˵үӿܾ˵ĻЩ̫Ծæת˻⣬ֵʶѣûħͺáͺá
һһСѣ˵үүõģ֮ǰһͬһǧϻڵڵ̺Ĳľ֮ƺܹһЩЩԩԹʱһħļ󣬺ǿڵտ
ʵʱԶ˵պܶ࣬ǿڵȴһãǵ˺ڣԹȻڵ֮ȫڸסˣҪǳ켰ʱ֣ҹѾħˡ
үүǱ߳Ĭһŵˣ³зֶǱүүѾˣɽűƣʮˣʮ˱ֻһСӵһɽ棬ʮָӣ֪ͨʮգûмȥ׷
æʵûһΆ˱׽߱У
ûСΆ³зֶʹʮӽǸɽӣȻǼˣһص³֮صķֶǳ߽ˣүүֶԸɽ༸ֶ棬ֳֻô֮صĸˣڻûʲôͷգɡ
Ӧһʾһͻȥ
ϾҪҵ绰ʱүүͻȻʲôʵ⼸춼ʲôطʱɱȥ
ǰҸסˣǵ˵ȥһѼ˼죬ˣڻָ׶Σûʲô⡣
үүƺ֪Ҳô˵Ҳûжʣ˶Ҫ֮⣬оǼӱСģڽ˺ڰͷϵԴأ²çײ
Ӧһҵ˵绰ָѦС߲һȥѦСһͨҵĵ绰ǼĲУо˳˵ΪѾ˸ɱˣܹҵʵ̫ˡ


720 ᲻
ѦС֣һů߽ʱ䲻˲٣ܹϽĵȴ࣬ѦС߾һ
˺һѦС߲ƽҲ˵𼤶ûô׾һԴϵԷء
ѦС߻Щ˵үģˣô춼ûϢ㶼ҷˣɽһ±ߣصʬ壬üپߣȫǲ֫ϱۺԲԴҰһ飬㲻֪ҵʱ飬̫ôˡҾ;Сӿ϶󡭡ˣ
̫ѦСЩ״Σ˵Ų
ܹٴѦСߵҲֻ֮УĶǸжĬһҽʵС߸磬ûвصжûУ
λҲμˣҸսһ𣬲ӪĻ֪ճݳûãڰ·ܵ˷Էһٶ֣߾ֻʮˣݳصʮ֮⣬ʣµȫصģǵĳӾͱɷˣڳ˻ûһ룬ҺսǺòͻΧ˵ĵǲأƤˣһûˣڻҽԺûѹˡ
ȻѦС߶Եʱֻ赭дҲܹʱ龰϶ʮֲңһصıѾãصǱûз
һص˾ݷڰһȺǣֻҪصиͻ˽ȥ˺Ƭ
ʮˣһٶһصĺΧ֮£ǻܹӳʵס
ЩصΪҲģĸС
˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
ѦСߵĻҵٴһص˲⺦ҵѣһ£ǴҵĵߣһصԺҵ鷳ҲƲ
ѦСһֱϲʵСţ±ϵĶٶǲɱģ
ҳĬһ˵ţɱġ
ţȣҲֲ̫ˣⱲӶûмѪȵĳ棬ü춼ΣʲôʱôˡѦСµ˵
С߸磬ҴɱԭǱҵŮѣǶ£Ҳµĺ֡
ŮѣʲôʱеŮѣѦСƵ
þˣ̸û೤ʱͷˣ³зֶ˾ҪЮңҪȻҲ
Ҹ¶Ӻ͸ǿ֪һ֮⣬˭û˵ѦСȻҲ֪
ᵽʱҵٴʹѦСҲоҵЩԣȻת˻⣬ʲôʱֻ˵죬һСģһЩ飬͹ҵ˵绰
ѦСߴһ绰֮ҺָܿҰֻһǱߵǱֵʮƽϣǲ֪ϵʱ򣬼˼䣬ұ͹˵绰
⼸绰֮ҿһʱ䣬ԼӣöӶˣһСݣЩһȻȥվһڳȥɽǴ¸
ҪȥǸطݳͦԶһٶ·Щطͨ˾͵޷ĵط㽫ҷҸ˳ǮֻÿԼ˫·
ƾӡֱӳïܵɽȥ˺صԵʣÿһ·ҶҪЪϢһ⻹һ֦չӣһеı͡
Ҳ֪Ǵɽʲôطһ·ײײߵڣҲû·
£ҾֻһĿģǾȥ濴ʱѾȥô죬֪˴ôߵĵطȥϣΪ㣬ɲģҵһʬ壬ҲʬҰұҪҵ
춼ˣҹĻҰ֮УʱѾǳʱ֣ˣҲŷϴЩĴҲһ
ʱ뵽ɽиһƬ֪᲻䡣
ЪϢһʱ뵽öûзųȣˣҲܹҵǴ£ϾǰʱһѪս˺ܶˣǵطӦúزǣȶֵطС
뵽ֱӽ˳˼֮жʱƮһѪɫ۳һΣһСӵСŮһ˫鶯۾΢΢Цš
ܿ죬СѾͷʹӿƮߵߣһСŸ磬ЩãȻĳܿһۣʵСŸ磬ǸƯأ


721 Ȼȥ
Һ¸ʱ춼ѾҪˣΪ壬ǲڰֵģԣ淢һ֪ұȻȥ֮һҹ֮լ죬ʱ䣬һֱæŻָ壬ûнȳ
ߣϾİ˵ļУΪһС˼ҼҲ̫ãҲûȳ
֮бô죬ҲСѾͷ͸ˡ
ֻһʵ⣬Щ֪ôشиǲҽȽ˹ȶһ˵СŸ罫ǴŪˣһȥòã
Щȣһ˫۾ңʵСŸ磬Ư㶪ˣȺϲġ
ӦþƬһȥңϸӦһ£ƬĸطأƯпܻȻСҾӴôпʵ
ʵܶСǱɱȻƶɵģеԹܴɱ¾֮ҲȽأܶ߶СĺףΪԼİ֣ȵҲܲң˵ҲԹģ֮ǰԬʶʮ׶񣬱˰ָӡ
ȵıԭģҴûдɱˣֲ뿪ֻţŮһţƣ񣬵ȵҪ뿪ֻصʱҿ϶ߵġ
Сһƺܿ£ҲҪʲôţĻϲ֮ĹȻ׶ĻߣĹ׵ȥ
ȸһµķλȱӦ۾ϸһ£Ƭ֮һ˫۾ҵСŸ硭ǱߣﲻǺԶˡ
лϲ佱һȻغΣȥǸط
Ȼ֪˴գ˵ңƾҵʱһŭһŭ֮£ɱ˶ٶˣҲ֪ҶôҪҲûκ̣ȣҸıױݣһƤߣ·ҲҸΆ˶棬Ҳϳ
ߣߴŵѾǸСееĹЩͨĺˣʮ˸С˵Ҳڻ£ҽʦַųΆĸ֣Ҳη塣
оǣǰүүصһӢɨһ³зֶЩץץʣЩͲ֪ӵȥˣҲڴ˴
ˣһغΣ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ȵĴ֮£һСʱ·̣ͿǸ£һ·֮ϣȺĲңвʱ˶ԱߣȻʬ嶼ѾˣصѪڣ֮ƮһɵѪζʾһѪȵ¾
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֮ǰǾ仰þҶ߻صţʹ顣
ɱ˶ˣվǻزˣ˵õģܹȢ޸ңǡ
վ±ϣҴã紵ҹɫ
廳
Ȼֻȥ˶̶̲ʮĹ⾰Ҿ͸о࣬Ȼȥ
ĴսһجΡ
ǶԵ˻Ƕҡ
켤˵ǿ֮һΪǿߵĸоҲǿߵС
֮УҵΪֵõһε
ֻΪһǿߵʱȷѪ꣬ƴɱ˲ֶΣԼǿʱ
һУˣǻվԼΪ̫ҪıһҪӵǿ
±תһȦҿʼѰߵ·ȴӧ˵ЪţԼȥңΪһ壬ƮµΧҰҲȽϿ
ⲻʧΪһ⣬±ЪϢһ·Ҳȷʵͦ۵ģСһҪغ֮ȱƮɶ𣬺ܿʧҵǰ
£Ҿڻڼħ֮ǰʹõֶΪʲôǸʱƽʱȫѹҵİüͶڼ̵ʱڱնɱ
˿֮⣬ǿΪǸĻǼɣһ̣еͭǮǻһ㣬ÿÿܻһֵĽǶ̽ǵҪֻԵᵽĶΪá


722 õĳζ
±ڤ˼룬ϸζŵʱҳ˺֮ɱ龰ҶԸ˵üǶԸҵҶϸϸƷζѧϰԿ˵еȻΪãһһʽԺطţǴʱ˿̣ʱĻ֮У˵ʱִУһʱ䣬ЩУסĳȡ
֪˶ãҸоһɨȻ۾ͿЦĳҵԡ
ҳ΢΢һЦʵҵȥ·ˣ
ȵ˵ͷЩǵ˵ȸ¸ƮһȦɽµĶһطµͦģҲкüҪĻȥɽкܶɽһСӣͨģǿԴСϪǱ߹ȥֻҪƺԶ·СŸ磬Ǵıȥ
˼Ƭ̣ջǾɽȥΪݵİ취ֻڵЩ֧Ųסȴ˵ƮߣһѣҲڵȥ
ҷ֣Сһڣܶѵ鶼㲻ʲôˣһҪΆϣҺҲӲǸɽĵΡ
򶨣ȱ˲ԶǴͰͱԣҳ濴һۣһƬЩӣõ£ȥȻûɶ⣬ֻڵ壬·ЩѾЩǡ
ԥƬ̣ȵİ֮£һǳ滺ȥһֱƮҵߣҵ壬ĳȥָܹΪȫŵ㣬˻˽һСʱʱ䣬Ҳ棬Ѿ۵ͷ󺹣µЪϢ˺һſʼѰλá
ҹɫ溱ʱʱĻܹҰ޵ĽǺ
˴һΣյڡ
ȻֶиЩܹһ޸֮ŮָɽĸҰأ
ѾܻˣȴܻǴһЩãϣǶôϣܹţʱ˽ҵĻ˵СŸ磬ˡ
ԼԼ֯һõΣܺܲʵ
ЪϢƬ֮ҴǸֻһֵ繦ܣɽһ·Ѱңڼ䣬ɽĻĲݴԺܹһ˫˫͵۾ڽĶңЩҰ޵ĸͷܴ󣬿ҵʱЩԾԾԣҪ˹
ʱܻ֣ҵǰСһϻ꣬ŹϢЩһоǿɲϢʱŵĻתͷܣЩСӣֱŵſڵϲҶ
ȸұݻ˲鷳
ֻֻƻҫ֮£ɽ±һֱǰ߾ˡ
ǰ˶ʮӣ̧ͷһۣþµ棬ͱ֮Ųֲһͷм仹ơ
ǺұڸʱҾͷһЩߣµкܶѪֲڽ£⻹һЩ鲼Ҳûзκʬ塣
ϸһ£ʱ֮ǰѾ˰üµķʱˮ߿סȻ¡
ʱŭգһȥͽˮ߸ɱˣʱԴ֮⣬ˮߵҲ棬Ҳ֪ЩѪĻǶˮߵġ
ҸоˮߵĿԱȽϴһЩ
ѾȥöˣɽôҰޣʬǲġ
һ㣬֮ǰ
ϸһµķ֣ҵһһһƬĲݴУǷҲմȾ˲Ѫ
ʮȷţⷢͷϴģҽɽĵ֮нȳʱһۡ
մѪķҵ˼ٴγһɾѪյϣҲΨһµĶˡ
ʵһֱһڹΪʲôһֱңȴϵʱɽεʱҾһֱҪ֮£æʵûʱ˵ҲͦڵģΪһţһҲܽ⿪ˡ
˷Χ֮Ҽһ£ѭɽһξ룬ԼٶףһɸõĳζԼʹ˱ʱҵľ
СĸСȳǴζĵط˹ȥһƬĲݴ֮ҿһ߱еѾӵʬ壬඼ѾиɾˣǰɭɭĹͷչҵǰޱȡ


723 
ʬ屻ƻ̫أһʱֲ嵽Ůֻĵƹʬϰ벿ֵʱŵĺܿͷΪʬûԴҿκͲ·ӦþǱɱ֮󣬶Ķˮߵʬ塣
ʬһʼ棬ȻҰֱӸϵطȻſгģ඼иɾˣֻйͷϻճһĭϻɢһЩǡ
ʮˣ϶Ұַԣⶫˮ³Ҳȡ׵ȫʬ
ȷǶˮߵĲʬ֮󣬱ûʲôÿˣҼΧѰܲҵʬʬʲôӣҶһҪȥ
Ѱʬʱҵʮ־ᣬܹЩҵֲϣԼܹҵ
ʬҰ޿гⷬģ϶ܲˡ
̡̫
Ȼڸ˺üȦûʲô֣Ǹķ֮⡣
пܣʬϵĵطҲδ֪
ʱҵͿʼЩˡ
ټΧҵʱȻ䣬һֱߵСͻȻСĸ˵СŸ硭˹ˡ
һС˵һɽҰģô棬Ȼҹ֮⣬˵ҳ϶
ҵĵһֱһصڴãҵжʱЩңܿڲǴһİףǿ϶ϳ
Ҿװ޲ȻСΣҪ˷ֻΧơ
ղҵעȫΧĻĲݴУûעΧʲô˿̸оΧķΧ֮ڣȷʵмȵĿ⳯߿˹
Ҳ˻١
Ȼ˿ΪڣҲ֮ǰǳѪսɱ˺ü֣⵨ҲԽԽ׳ȻĪ⣬ȴ˿ûη֮ġ
װ֪߶Ƭ֮ҸоǼȵĿһֱɨֹ˴ԼӵĹ⾰ЩڰͲסˣʼȻ߿˹
ԵҪȥʰǣȴʾҪʲô˵صǱˣǿɾʹˮˡ
˲ȶ֮⣬ʹһɫҵɫ£ΣҪκ˷֡
Ӧһ˼ϵվҵ
ǰʮףȻ䣬Ӳݴһˣһâ˹ҹţһ£˵ϣ󺰵
ʱ˸ֵͱдӲݴ˳ֱӽΧм䡣
ұһСֵ̿ĳܵǼ˿һۣһʼǸ֮⣬ˣһˣΧסһ˲ȷǵݣһصЩˡ
Ȼǣ׼ŵ˵㡭ʲôˣ
һʼǸˣһǣͷߣǸЩֶεߣֵϻ˼£ɫЩɻɫʵôʲôˣӻأɶģҹܵطʲô
һתæ͵ҡݳǵ̽հߣġиɽȣҡ·ˡ
ǾǸҪ˵ʱһ߸ĺǰֵϻһΣЩͷ˵ôãȴôһҲ
˭˵أҲ֪ʹôģҪذ£ôܹˣСôǾɧ˵
߸۾һۣߵļ˱㳯߿£˹ЦһǺЦСô˭أ˵㵽ģǲǳ͢ĹӣҪǸ˵ٻӾͽιǣ
˵䣬ǼѾߵҵ󣬼ѵͼҵĲϣҹװʮֿ־ӣ˵ҡ̽հߣǸһģɢˡ
ƨĵӣԼһ˸ܵҿǲʵҲøϻȻֻܹܵãɴɱһǧŹһС˰ɣ
Ǵ߸ȷҲ֮ûдŹңʹһɫ֮Ǽ˾еĵҪϿʱҵͷһߵСȣٵĻһâһ˵֮С


724 һɱ
вҲ
ȻҴȫƣҲûκηֶΡ
һֱڰȾĵơ
Щ˴ҪҶֵʱһ֮ϣЩȻЩֶΣûΆǰͣҪһһǵʱ̾ռȨסǸ˵塣
ļ˵ĵʱ򣬱ȿסǸᵶһҵͷ֮ϣǼ˶ʱһ֮ɫ֪ʲô׷תͷ˱ȿסǸˡ
Щ˴֮䣬ҿٵĴͭǮԺֳҼħ֮ǰֺֿݵʽжɱ˼һб
еͭǮٵһžͻ˳ȥѪɽǰ˲ϵļ˲䱻ѪŽеĳ׷׵ȥһȫסԼĲӣǴӲӴѪֹס
һɱˣÿĽҲ֮ǰ±򵽵һЩ˿ϣԼҲЩ˼顣
Ӳʵնɱһ֮ĸʵʵɱ˼
ֻûзӳһӦеʵͷ­ģȴֻǵĲӣҲ
˵ӵڵϣһûбɱĺ˶ʱӦ˹æ˹ȥͬʱǸϵѾסǸ˵ȥ·ǺҲЩֶεģ˵ͳŸںϵȿ˹ȥ
ֻĵով𣬶ʱý죬ͷһ֮ͻȻ߰׹ֱۣץסĽס
ĳʱŵǺ˾Уұһ֮ٵı˹ȥһǺ˵ؿڣͭǮض͵һ˵ʱҽһŽ
һѪһǺ˲ŵ˵ϣɥ
ҵͷڿʱץǺ˫ȵİ׹ֱȻʧ
ȻŪֶΣֻһЩԻ˵Ļˣʵʵȴܹת˵עȻŪôһ£ʵ˳ԾС
Ⱥҵ֮£תۼĸ˵ҵĽ¡
һɱĸˣҲЩ½ͣȫһʹҡҡλΣҲһ͵˵ϡ
ʱ򣬸Ǻϵȴǲɫߵҵߣ΢һ£ȵվ
ұҪװʲô鶼ûеӣΪҵǰվˣƺҸոɱĸҪ΢һЩ
ǾǺʹ߸׼תҪˣ˶֮תͷǵĸͬѾѪ֮Уɵôһ
ܿ죬˾ϳΪеմȾѪͭǮ
㡭Ǿһ¾еĳǻֵ̿Ŀҡ
Ǹ߸һѶ̽Ҳһ䱸Ŀ˹
Ǻ۹⣬ҾҸһĻᣬԹԵķеֻҪشҼ⣬Ҿһһʮƽ˵
Ǻʹ߸࿴һۣǾǺٺЦһ˵Ҫڶ±ߣ˵ĻǸˣڵûǸʸɣ
һѵǿˣ
һǱֳһı飬Цô˵ඣ
СӾͱǰװˣڶ´Ȼɱ³зֶôˣҲ˴вֵܶˣҪһ㣬ôҵʬˣڻţҲ֮ս˭أݸ߸Щм˵
˵䣬˸űУ˹϶¶ɱ
˵ȷʵ֮ҪȰţղĸ˺޷Ҳô׵ľܹնɱǡ
ȴƺһŻǾձûκ̣Ҳ
һһһĳҿͭǮ΢ЦſǣԽԽûе
ʱǾͻȻͣȸǸӣ˵а㣬쳩Ӿûпôĸҷˮ
ɵ쳩Ǳסˣʹ˵һСǿСʹϲӳġݸ߸һ۾ǵ


725 ú
˻бҵһȸô˵飬˵
ΆСǸ˵ӣҲǸ˼թļһʹһǴ·ɽԿһһʼ˵ĵȡҵΣΪĻǳȥȴǴһȦɽһ򿪣ʱʮֻȮٳû
һΣ֪ұ֮󣬱ϵһʬ壬ǰﰲź֣ãȴҵĵ
һˣһֺļơ
ȴһ㣬ƾµ⼸ˣûʲô
ۿ˾Ϳҵߣһֱ֣ӴǬ˶ʦ֣˵ͳǾ˹ȥǶһֱʮ־裬˶ʦ֮󾪣ŵ͵һ
ĺˣӦö֪ʦֵڶ𣬼ǰҲöʦûκΰ취
ο³зֶСɫ
֪Լ˻ҩͰ˵תӡ
ʦһأʱ۾ܵļһǲûȥ׷
ΪڴʱȻĸεĹӰǵǰ棬ĸӰǸոձͭǮɱλˣô̵ʱڣСȾͿסǵĻǣ֪ľͳ˵
ȻĸֻΪ򵥵壬ȶֽţйԵģһײ˵֮УҲɥʧ֮
һҲǼ򵥽ɫһĸ꣬һʹ˼Żֽͳĸ˹ȥ
ЩʱǵĽŲûͣЪֻ΢ͣһ¡
ǼŻֽһǼ꣬̾ȼգۼˡ
ֻһ٣ʦֱ˷Ӧһſڣ³һźɫĻ磬һ˵ĺ󱳾Ʈ˹ȥ
ʦ³Ļƹ֮ܵ͸ȫ׷ŷƶ͸ڷصĹһ㣬㲻ܻãһ֮£ǿ϶׷ĸ
ܿ죬Сײ˾ǵĺ֮ϣ䡱һ;ȼһĲҽйǾǾͱһžҵĻ˵ϣ˲ûϢ
Ǹ߸ĺǵĲҽ֮ŵһ͹˵ϣŵǿ޵
ת߿ͷֹĵúСҲǱΣΆôģҪĻҪɱҵȫҡүү
˿߸ĺѾ˵ӣȵĲ֮£Ǵ߸˹ȥ
еͭǮܿͷĲϣЦһ˵ղСүûѹǣֻҪǼ⣬ǻش˱ɻǲǸԹඡ
үղŶСĹϣʰɣʲôҶ˵ûһٻǴ߸ڵϣ
˵ˣЦ
롭ʲô˵
Ѿˣһ䣬еͭǮһһѪӿǴ߸ŲϲӿѪ˼ĿңӾɵȥ
С֮ǰ϶룬ѾΪɶ·أһʲôû˵أͶֽҸɱˡ
ҲʣֻƢ󣬶ʧȥģߣҲûʣȻһأһȴϳԼͬȫ֮ǿ
ʬ֮ϲɾѪתһԸǺϵȣСʵȣǲǾСŸ̫ˣЩȫɱˡ
Ŀңҡҡͷ˵СŸɱĶǻˣǱƯ£˺öˡ
ΪȻ᲻ϰɱ˵ӣΪСʲôʵСѾͷʲô֪
γǱǹһּΪ̵ķʽɱأ˵ĳС˵ȷʵ㲻ʲô
ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ȣɡ
ȵ˵ͷǸ˵Ӷʱ鴤һ£ðһѪɷȻ͵˵ϣβֹ
Ƭ֮ȻΣվҵߣסҵӣȵԴߵǸ˵ߡ
鴤˺һ֮Ǻ˵ʶѣѹ֮󣬿ĵһһմȾѪͭǮ
ǺǸʮĺӣڶݵľ֮󣬱˹ͬ鶼ˡ
ǣ˲ûģҲûʹ飬ǰƽĿҡ


726 ʬ岻
⺺ӵƽӮҵĺøУҳ΢΢һЦ˵Ƕ㿴Աߡ
Ǻתͷһֻۣмµʬ壬ٴƮŨŨѪζζ˲ɽ֮еҰޣڻĲݴӺ棬˸ĵ۾߿
һʼƽǿͬʬ֮󣬻̲סһսٴתͷʱɫûǰƽˡ
ûУ΢Цʵ
ˡǺӴ
ܺãֶ֪ΣһԲϣǿҪɱ˵ģ㼸⣬ش𣿡
ʮƽȴһȻɱ
Ǻͷ˵֪Ҳǲ鲻ԸҪΆǸ˵Ҽ˵ҪЮҲҸԲǣһɱ³зֶٶˣСȫʱѾ˵ӣǸҰ˸ӣҲҸԡ
ƨĵҺã˵ͷ˵ǺãȻϺͺðˣǰԸ˵һ£Ҫǵõ֪Ĵ𰸣ԻҪаٻһıļ˻ң˵
ʾˣҿ϶ʲô˵Ǻæӿڡ
ܺãһ⣬ʲôʱҵģ
֮ĵ硣
ûеҵһŮ˵ʬ壿
ûСǸŮħŮ֮ǵͻص˷ֶ棬ʱͶ˶ɱˣʹ㵱˼ңԸǼȥǸŮ˵ʬ壬ʹ˵ǸŮ˵ʬҪǴȥԺãǵ֮󣬷ֻ³ˮߵİʬ壬ǸŮ˵ʬ岻ˣʹأһֱȵ֣Ȼ㡭
⺺˵вһΪʲô³ˮߵʬܹҵʬȴأ
ҵüͷ΢΢˵ĿģûпǸŮʬ壿
ǧȷʹһǸŮ˵ʬ壬öûҵǱʲôҰ޸ϳȥ˰ɣкöǣ˶¹ͷġǺС˵
˹ˣС˵ģкܶҰޣ˲¹ͷΪɶǶˮ߻вʬǣκټûأ
Ҿֻҵһѡ
ʬˡ
ʵҵϣţԼ߳طǴôϸߵĵطǷˣǲǿ϶Ҳ˴˵ôҰޣô붼ò̫ܡ
ҳƬ̣پ⣬ٴοǺӣ˵ǵڶ⣬˭⣬ܵ³зֶģô֪Һ֮Ĺϵģ
Ǹ˳һ£ƺǱסˡ
Ҹ˼ʱ䣬ŭȵ˵
ǺӴһ飬˵ʹ°ҲʹǲͬģȻǻа̵ģҲеߣˣػǶģ֪ΪʲôЭˣʹ֪λĹϵģҾͲ֪ˣ³зֶ治һСɫѣ飬Ҳûʸ֪
ҿ⺺ӵ۾̬˵ٻǱʳ˵⣺Άأ
Ǻԥҵһ֮ܿ˵Ӧ³ֶ棬ǰ죬һֵܹûеȵϢҲǸ֪á
ȥ³ֶʲô
³ֶĶǱɱôֵ˵˼ǣΆȥ³ֶ棬Ҫȡ³ֶĶ֮λһʾһصĳϣҲͬ˵ģʹһģʹڡǺٴδ
ҳƬ̣ϸһ£ʲôҪʵûС
ܿҾһ⣬Ȼʵ˭ָʹ³зֶԸҵģ
Ǻεûԥֱ˵˵ҪǶɱһصһγϣѾȥöˡ
⻰һ㶣ٴüͷʵСĪڻң˶Ѿ˺öˣôɱң˵ˣҲʶһȥһصĳϰ
ǺһĭЩŵ˵˵¶ǶϢǸȥһصϲûֻأһֱʲôȪ·ϵĹ壬ҲθģǸȥĳϵֽؽ
һؽ֣ҶʱΪԾһ£ԩ·խؽļһڻȪ·İҪȡǱ˰ļһҼʱϵĸүүĲᣬԴҲû뵽ȻҪԸҡ


727 лүɱ֮
˵¶Ҳûпܣȥʱ򣬿ǽϼһĲᣬؽಿ¶ͭǮĻɢҸү֮󣬸ǺݺݵĽѵһ
ںϼһﻹȥȪ·ϵ״רغǳȥ·ϣȲ֮£ү񶼴һܴĿνǾ춯ʶ˸үʵþΪݶΪ
˵ǹҲ͸˵ˣүȻ񶼸ſˣүҲˣٱչһ궼
Ϊڤ֮أԺҲؽʲôû뵽һСۣҶӻȪ·ôˣһֱҪҡ
ǻŲҰ˻ȪСӻô۸ҡ
û
һΪһصǸħָʹҪأСӹҲˣһʱڲʰңҪɱҲ顣
ȥҶ˽ĲˣǾʬɣΆ˶ûҵ
Ҵ¾³зֶʱ峿ʱ򣬹ɱʱ˴ԼСʱҡ
м仹˺üСʱұ֮Ά˹ȵס
ʱ便ʲôأ
ʬɽеҰ޿иɾˣǷҲԤϵ飿
ԼУҿʼһ˿ˣţǱ˸ˡ
뵽ٴǺӵɽǱô죬ûз
ǺӸûж룬æҡͷʺĵط˳˵Ұ֮⣬Ǽʮ죬һ˶ûм
һĪĿֻ֮С
Դ֮󣬾һֱһ飬ǾǿҰ޿ʳ߰ʬ壬ȻҲûпҲ֪ǸһǸñ
ǰĬ
תһ룬ûҵҲãұһ˿ϣϣţԺҲҲϣţǻҵ
һжپζӳ£֮ҲŽĿǰ⺺ӵϣʵֵܣգ
ҡҽ󡭡Ǻƺ֪ûʲôҪʵˣ϶ǵҪɱ
ҳٺһЦ¶һڴ˵֮ǰ˵ˣʵشҿ϶һǱҵķݶϣҾ͸ûɱˡ
ллллүɱ֮ͷݣͷ絷⡣
һһתֵأģӣұҪѵУԺΪ
̧ͷһۣɫүԼԼһֱвУ
úݵĺӣҪԶһۡ
СҲǸ򵥵
ҳƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵⵹ǲãԷΪɣԺҪΪȥ֮󣬸Ά仰˵ȥʬΡ
һ£ɫ䣬ǵ˵ҪΆʬεʱ
һ˵ϵΪ˵ĺãҿļһΪҲһ㣬ǷϵˣҲܸͨһԶԶԶֱĺá
ҷϵΪûжеĸԺ󻹿ֻҪһʱˡ
Լ϶ܹ塣
ԥ֮󣬵˼־ԼļҪĴѨ֮ʹ˼£Ȼ³һѪҡ¡
ֹȥ̽һΪȷϵ֮󣬲վӣкһߵȣͷҲص˵Щʬ㿴һ°ɡ
лүɱ֮Щ˵
ұ㲻ٹȾ뿪˴˴ָȥͨСϪ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ǸļһܻܲȥͲҿǵˣԷΪһͨˣɽֶ֮ҰޣҪ϶ҲķһЩۡ
ôãӦû֮
ǰ·ɢŹϢЩҿĶޣҾſڵٴλ˯ȥĶʦװǬ֮Уǰ·
ʦ֮һֱҪΪڵǧϻڵԼʬĸʬڻûȫԵʣҲ֪á
ڣÿһΣյʱܹڵ顣
һߣҾһʱ䷢飬ΪؼһǣΆ֪Ҹ֮ĹϵģǴʲô˿֪أ
飬ֻеȵٴμΆʱˡ


728 ƿ˵
ڣѾȷ˼ѡоֵܶӦ죬Ϊ˸þ˸ֶΣʬԸңʧֱ֮Զ̩һһֱæ飬Ҳ֪ûС
ȻˣҵĳӦøأΪûɱңŵмҲܻأһлᣬ϶뷽跨Ūҡ
ҳȥ֮󣬻ϳǣһҪ֤ûлϳǡ
ϸһ룬ǸүƾͲôүҪǸ˶Ӷ¶ˣһзִ硣
ΪүԼ֪ҵĵϸҼүӵĹϵ
ģǿ϶ҲǱү϶ֹôġ
һʵ·һ˭ʹ
֮⣬һرɣ֮ǰԬɱʦʦʬ֣ƵͶ·Ҫ˵ҵˣԬǵһеڶôҡ
ңԬ϶֪ҸĹϵΪ쵱ʱʬԸҵʱ򣬱Ϊ
Ԭ֪ܲ
аһصȣʬźʬԳһɣһصûʲôϸ𣬶ڻ콭ģǼһصʬźʬҲǼɵ֣Ϊ̫аˣֶʮֲ̣˶ɽʬû˰ʬͣĸ˲£
ʬһãҵУԬʦû˿ɽͶ·֮£ͶһصҲǼпܵġ
ĿǰҵĳɳѸ٣˵ͻͽʦұĻƾǵֶҪɱңʵ̫һЩ
һصͬԸңǵѡ
ȻһжҵĲ룬һҪΆ֤
룬ɱΆʱҲԶˡ
һ·£֪䣬߾ʹ˻ˮǰһξ֮һԼɵСӾͳҵǰ
ȸ˵ͨģҪһɽղɽûʲôΣա
ӵԴͷǴһͱڵĶ´ģˮ󣬵ʮļʵǰطѾƽˡ
ʱ֣էůʱѾҹҪҴγȥƾڵʣƷǶɡ
ڰǻһұ㽫ͭǮóɽ֮гһЩСñľ·Ūһ򵥵ķӷŽˮС
Ҵֱ˳ˮζȥ
һʼûоʲôֻǵǰǴɽʱ򣬸оɭɭģЩˡ
һƬֻĵƹһգΧľӰӰ´£Ӱһ㡣
ЩĻŻŵģֻǿվǰСȵʱ򣬲ЦСȲǸСһʲôµأ
ɽʱʱխߺͣܲߣԼƯаСʱʱ򣬾͵һܴ֮ܶУܿٴˮ
޴֮ܶеʱͻȻһɭɭĸоʱվǰͻȻת˵СŸ硭ˮºжҸоˡ
ȸ˵仰ˮðˮݣཹཡҲ֪ǸʲôЩĻŻ
Ҳ֪ǺõʱһֱǬĶʦͻȻͱĲԼǬľ֮ϣǲðˮݵĵطĽ˼
ڽеͬʱʦֵϱĺһԸûãˮðľԽԽ٣һӵĹ⾰ɽƽֲֿɱϢܿҲһɨ⡣
ʦǽֵϢɢ˳ͷСϵʮǿˮµĶ϶Ǹо˶ʦǿֲϢԲͣΡ
Ϊ֣ƾƱ˵УҶԶʦֹĿ࿴
ʱ򣬶ʦֱſľ֮ϣԭ˯ˡ
Ҳһûа취ٴνСսǬ֮С
û϶ãǰˮͻȻͱ࣬Ҳֳ֪ʲôʣʱ͵һգҲŷ֣ǰһͦٲ
һֵĲҽ˴һ䵽ٲ档
Ϊܹմˮֱӳ
ȵûʲôٲʱСѾͷֱƮɶ𣬶ҺͶʦǽʵʵˮ
˳ˮһֱƮʮ׵ľ룬Ҳ˰˯ŲõĶʦֺһˮڰ߿²ֹһɽ紵һ£ֽűʧȥ֪һ㣬ڣѾɽ֮гˡ


729 ɱħ
ʦֹƲ̫Ӧˮٲʱ򣬹һˮ²ֹһȫʪ͸ˣɽĿԡ
æһһЩ֦ѳһѣöʦַľȼˣΧڻԣ·ȫ֮ǲһͨ˳ȥ
ȻҪСȵ̽·һ³·һ·ɽԽ룬Сʱһɽ·
طһȽϻڣݳٻһٶ·ǿ˫߻ȥƾ壬ȥſˡ
ԣǴ·ȥ
طҹ֮У٣Һ·ߵһСʱŵһС
ֵطƾճʵͦ˵ģɽҰģֹˣֵط·ˡ
ߣһ˴СһûΣԵĸо
վ·м䣬żŰԪ󳮣ͣĻȥСͣ
Сһʮ߰ˣԴ꣬³֮ЩĿҺһۣô¶
һѣ˵ԼǶԴŮгеģû뵽ڰϻˣ˳·ȥȥݳǣȻ˵ǸǮ
˵ʱЦеȻ˾纰˼壬ǽһС
ȵڵʱ˾˾裬˵ǡ
С˫ŵģҺȾ˺ţ⳵Ҳǿݳǵģ˵⳵ĶǸժûжõˣ͵߲гģ֮ǰϵ
һʼķһ֮󣬺ܿǾͱǴٶʮָȤΪʲôԼŮѧҪܳݶ
ϳ֮ǰѾ˶Բߣ˵Ƕ鲻·ǴŮʶȫصһȦ֮ѧУѧ
һʻһСʱĹ⾰Ǿ͵ݳǣʱɫѾЩˡ
³֮Ҹ˾ٿǮǴգ˵Ҵһӳͦ׵ģǮŸóԵġ
СȺлȻ˾ָ
ϻǺ˶డ
߳ȥûãȱ˵ŲסˣҪȥ֮Ϊˡ
ȻƺЩżˣ˵ЩʲôֱӾͻһɺɷҵؿ˽ȥ
Ŀ֮£̫ðɣ
û̫ע⵽ߣǵתͷ˾ʱɫˣʹ۾߿ö˶˵һˣתۼûӰôЩܲˡ
˵ײһʱǴʱһ˹ı飬Ӷˡ
Ҳ˼һ٣æҲƵ뿪
һϵڣʵҲЩˣûżؼңһùϢ˰죬ǾЩ
˯֮ڸС򵥵ĳһʹȥ˻վһڳֱϳǡ
Сʱı֮󣬵ҵϳǵʱɫҰǸС̵ʱǻûйţʱ⻹ͦõģҰֻǸҼ򵥵ĴһкæҲæĹ˲ңֻȻؼЪţȹ˵ţٻؼҸ
湻˼Ϊ׬Ǯ׶Ӷӡ
ãǲ֪Ҿʲô
ұŰСķȥ·صĴŵʱ򣬿үб̫ʦϣરડĳź̡
ҺܿĹȥ˼ҴһкǼүӲ۾۳߿˹˵ˡ
šһˡӦһ˵
үֱӣɨһۣٴ˵Сο˵Ĳᰡͣһ¡
ҺǺһЦү۾ǶĺݣʲôӲķۡ
ǳߵʱ򣬼үȴסңһңҽС
Сӣżߣүġ
Ȼү˵ģȻƳ٣Ķ棬СƵĿ֪Ҫʲô
˼ں֮󣬼үӲڵ˵Ҷ˵ˡ
Ұһ˵˼Ҷ˵ʲôˣ
үӵһۣû˵˵ʲôСӱЩаƭߵ¡
ҺǺһЦЩ֪ԴҲ֪ôӲ硣
үӽԴңС˵˵Сһɱ˶ٶˣûһʬȫʬĺţ֪ڽ϶ʲô𣿡
̧ͷһۼүǿһʱû˵ЩʵүӡǶɶ
ɱħүһһ˵


730 Ŭ
˸ȥ⽭˺Ҳֲ̫һЩ
ʲôʬšʬ֡ħ֮ɱħĽ˺һȼֱˣһΡ
ɱħһͲʲôˣҲ֪ĸȱ´ð̵ļһôһɱǧķ˺ţЩܲˡ
˼ҶǷССɵض֮ģһ⽭˺ôͨƵġ
ɱħҲ̫˰ɣôֲ
էһү˵֣ҾһĸоɵЩ߷Ȼ˵ϣⶼǸȱµļһķ˺ţ
Ȼɱ˵ȡඣͷҿûôģһźšүЦе˵
ˣүӾȻܹЦĳƵĲС
ؼ⽭˺Żаһص˸ģǱɱļһǶ˵ɱħҵжֲ
ƽ¶أүͻȻֵô㲻ϲ˺ţ
ǻ˵Ƶ
ʵϷ˺ͦõġүЦеӡ
ˣ˼ҲȡЦҰɣε
ûûС˺֮Ժȫڽ֮ϿԺˣɱħԺ˸ɼܵʱһ⽭˺֮ϱ֣ɱħһֱȫʬĸõүӺٺЦ
˵үһ˵ҾŻЩǾЩŤȻʲôųĵӣҲ䵽һɱħĵزҲ̫ɶˡ
ҰƵʱ򣬼үϵЦݣɫСŰүү˵˵巢ʲô飬Ϸ
Ƕ֪֮һɱôˣԸֻǵʱԹ壬Щħļ󣬱ɱ֮ʮأֲôݵģҡ
˺ˣ˵ĲҲҪ̫ڴ£ôƭȥġүӴҵĻ˵
һ£ֻýʱ龰˵һߣһص°ԴΪҪЮҸƭȥģõĺֶӳһһ
үӲˣҶҲûʲôġ
ҵ֮󣬼үصĵ˵ͷŵһصǴСüƭȥǼ٣ȴΪ˸صһشһصصѹ꣬˲ٿжȫ벵棬˭벻Ǹôȴˣⱳ϶иָ㡣
үһ˼ӣұүӣΪôߣôûսһȥأʱҪڣҲôҡ
үӿһۣɫϷһŵģҲȥˣСӻᣬĲԶûϷţһЩһص͵ϮصĴӪֵΣصﲻⶼЩɱɱĽɫЩʲôļԱһصһȻʧء
ҵû뵽ôһڣȱ˵ص飬ҸĸǱҲҪүӿţǱǲң潪ϵ
Ƭ̣үͻȻһ⣬֣أСŰô죿
ô죿ȻǱˣĵطһصҲܣֻҪǲ˱ˣһŹҧгݵ˵
жԵˣг𱨳ԹԹֻûǸŮΪʲô˱£ΪˣŪģ𣿡
ү۾ҡ
һ㶣ҲĿ˵ͽ̡
үһն˵һеԭΪ㲻ǿ󡣡
һȷʵһжΪҲǿ㹻ǿĻҲᱻǰü׽ܹܺõıҲ¡
ĺǿǰüҲ˵⣬Ϊҡ
վ̫ˣҵһ
̾Ϣһ˼үӣ˵ϡѾŬˡ

үӶң˵ŬΪûȥһˣһɽɽȴøһҪؤһ㣬Դãǲɵ
үӡʲô˼ܲ˵һӲʹתЩԾ˵
үӽ̹Դϵ£֣µ˵뵱ү߳ƵʱǺε磬ʵʵµһ֣͹ָ㼸У˼һڣΪʲôȥѵҪүѧɣ˵ǲɵ


731 Ѫȥ
˵үӵ֮ǰҲүǱϴȻҲзţҴӺܶﶼõһЩȷеϢǾүûнķżڡϴ顷֮УһһһʮְԵĹ
ܹһСɣԿڽϺߡ
һֱԥԭǣүѵúϰֶΣóȻү飬үһӦʱһŸϿ϶ÿ
оǸүϴΪҴӻȪ·ϳŹصһһܣˣòչУϢҹȥóȻţЩʱˡ
ǣɫҲ粻үƺҴʱ뷨ȻÿңӢۺܺնȻ̫ƽʵӿаһصа̽͵͵𣬶Ȼչ׳ͼ߸е߶Ϊǵ߹ΪŰǻĵһߣе߶һصƿˣɱ߱ϥ⣬Ʊشңϰ̸ΰҵ
һ£үֵүѾչزʮˣٹʽǷǣǲ֪ΣҵЩֶΣ˴˼̳УǲǿϧԣʱˣӦóһһصΪصĴ
ҿ˼үһۣ֪ΪηҪѧҼүЩı£̽˵ҪԸһصһСɫֵһᣬҲûܹģƾһ֮۵н磬éɽɽɽɽ֮ȱȽǣûЩţصڱţҪһСɫүӣǸ߿ˡ
үȴ֣µҡҡͷ˵ӣ㻹̫ˣĴأ֮࣬ҲûһվһصԿģĸԱ˭ָҴһصùͷҲʶһص֮еĸҲʮҲ˵һϣǸطֶĶҲ֮ԸһصضԶصǹҲţȻҪǽϵɵСԣͱҪһΪߣǸһһŻеڶ
ؼǣСӳţ»һ͸һصӣһǲݵľ棬㲻ǣҲҪ鷳ΣҪпұŻη塭
żүӵĻһֱĬ
ĬƬ֮󣬼ү΢һЩֵȻԼ·ҪԼߣϷֻΪһ˸Ѱˣզ˵ϷӴ󣬻ţȺ壬һ˻Ͼһ³зֶ棬ϷҲû͡
һ˵¶ҾЩƣһصҾһСɫܹŪңҲܵţºˣһ³зֶ棬ִˣү˵϶ǲݡ
һˣӴа֯;û䡣
ĬƬ̣ұԼүӿ˵лѣһؿǵġ
ϵ˵ͷ˰ֵ֣ˣСӻȥɣǾ仰ģֻҪϷһ죬ɱһ찲
ٴлָ𣬳żķȥ
صûã̯ˣŸŪһӲˣҸҰֺһƣǶϾ˯ȥˣ˵һ绹Ҫ⡣
ҵ飬϶ٹʣǰ軹ǰ߶䣬ҸɶģҰָ˵ЩʲôʲôûʣҵȴһˣƺЩĵǣȴܹЦ⡣
ڵͦõģÿǮȻ׬Ĳ࣬ǹĳʵݡ
ĿǰÿչŵѪ˵ûˣҾÿǷ˶ʲô
ǾôһӣҪûˣ϶޿
һ뵽ˣؿھ;ñơ
Ȼ·ѾزȥˣʵһʼĻ֣̿ھ˲֪ٴξһƺѾЩϰѪȥĸоϰԸսգҵӲ⽭
Ȱ趼˯֮󣬴ԼʮʱҸǿһ绰ʲôطǿһӵҵĵ绰ʮָˣ˵һǼϰأǴþأûпգҪҪһ
д⡣


732 ǿɱ
ǿ˵¶ʱʮ˷ܣСӹĲ
һ֮˵ҪҪһȥȾƣ˵ãǸȵͺá
˵绰֮ҹ˷ţֱСոǿ˵ĵַһ˸ǿ˵Ǹַ
ƵеĵλãǰǸҹܻ᲻Զͦҵģ˳⳵ֱ֮Ӿͽ˴
߽ȥŴźװվţһүã
Ūһһһ䣬ǿһͦĺװЦĳҴǵ˹ЦСŸ磬þòˣǸ棬˵ɶҲò顭
Ұ˸ǿһۣû˵ڶҹܻˣĿ˾Ƶ꣬ôУŪĸġ
ǿЩ˼˵˴Ƶֵ꣬ǻǴҹܻǱ߸ģЩϰһʱĲˣҲǶСŸʾһӭôʱ֯ģɶҲ˵ˣǺȾȥ
ǿСȷʵͦҲôֱӸȥһ档
װ޵ʮֺûʵģΰʶϺõľģģıԡ
ʮˣɽ亣ζޣһӦȫ⻹мƿę́ƣôһӣ˳ԣЩ˷ѡ
иǿҳԣҸŵͽˣֵطһǲ̫ϰߡ
Ҿһũӣݳ˷ѵΪϲ
˼Ҷ׼ˣҲ˵ʲôȻȻ۵ŮԱʼ˵ƣŮԱȥ֮ҿźĸǿСʵԱҲǴҹܻģ
ǰզǿһȻӡ
ƺҵɻ󣬸ǿٺһЦСŸ磬룬ڿĲҵǼЩСȫѵʹˣӸҲˡ
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ
󣬸ǿֵϴξСձ¶ҹܻҲɲȥˣֲϣԱӸͽǮƵ棬Ƹѧ⻹Ӹ绹һþְλɶҲϹæ£¶ĸȺš
ҾƱǿһȻȥˡ
ǿ˵ȥӦˣϿܻز
ҵ˵ͷɫȻ˵ǿӣŮȳȥҸ˵顣
ǿһ㶣˵ͷŮԱһ˳ȥ˳㽫Ŷˡ
˶֮󣬸ǿʵСŸ磬ʲô飬صģ
Ҹɿһ˸ǿʵҽأҲûб飬һ¶޼ܵĶ¶ûУ
ǿüͷһЩԾ˵СŸ磬鲻Ƕȥô㻹鷳
ȱ˵ģҾһ䣬˵ûУ
ǿҵ۾ͻȻɫЩ˵æžƵ飬Ҳ˲ϱģûйעСŸҪ֪Ļҿ԰
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ĿǰһŲҺү֮䵱Уһ֪ٲϢǻүǱͨʱЩ鷳ˡ
ǿ˵ͷ˵ã¶϶Ұ׵ġ
Ȼ󣬸ǿٴοң˵СŸ磬μоǰ̫һˣ
զˣﲻһˣƵ
Ҳ˵ﲻһͻȻһһʮֿµĸоǵ˵ʱϾͻһ͸ѹǾЩˡǿ
ҵûзһôĸı䣬֮ˣǰЩʱɱ̫˰ɣ֮оͻɢһǿɱ˵ǿһͨˣһߣڸܵҴ˿ϵɱ֮󣬿϶ҲЩ
һڸǿǰѹţûͷųҵɱȫչֳʱЧ϶á
ҺǺһЦӷһ£ָǿ˼ȻǿæЩʲôҲҵȥ
飬ߵ֪ԽԽãҲǶǵһֱЩûʲôΪѡ
һƣ˼䣬ͻȻͱˣתͷһӭ˹棬·Ļڣһӣ󻹸ڡ
һң˷ܵ˵ѽСү˵òһˣôҲҴкʧˡʧˡ


733 
˵Уһ˹ץסҵ֣ϵҡΣ˷ܾоҵʧɢֵƵġ
æЦֻǹ䣬˵˴ϰ壬æĲֺĸҴزǣ
ѽСү˵⻰Ǻôǰҿɲװʲôͷ⣬ⲻµĵ˵ҳˣæ˷֣ӱ޵ĸ˹˵ҲǣòһˣкԱʮˣҲʮĺþù
ֵ˵ţžҵߣ˵ԼˣҪԷ
֮˵ǲʶԴһν֮󣬱һֱҿͿģ˵ˣܿӱ޵ĸϹ˵һǺӵġ
һǲܽΪԽĵѣСӻ켣꣬´֣ʵ٣֮㿴ңҲֻǿҵʵҪһʲôӣҲҡ
ڼ䣬ںȾƵʱòһæʲôԺʲô֮ģҺǵĻ˹ȥ
ĴƵ˲Сʱ˶ȵϵƻȽصԵʣҲûҺ̫ࡣ
ҪøǿҶŵĶ̬齻ˣҲûɶ¶ˡ
ӴƵ֮ҽȥҽԺ
ҽԺͨҽԺصĴԺ֮УһרŸ˵ĵط
ص˻϶ʶңȥ磬Ҳû˹ң·һˣ˳һսסķţԼ˹ȥ
򿪷ŵʱ򣬷䲡ֹսһˣһŮҲʶϴθС߹ƵǸŮг̷ơ
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ߵսĴߣ۾ɫЩƣһ˵ĺصӡ
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ϱ˼ҵжҽˣ񻹸ƴ˼ƣԷǸ֣ʱƴƷʱϴѾжˣ˽ܹȻҡ̷Ƶ˵
һս壬ĪľЩĸо
һεȫΪңҪΪȥңҲᱻһص˸ףս˵ΣұҪȫеǾҪѩޡ
ôԴҾʮ
Ҹ̷˵սƤͻȻһ£Ȼ۾
֮΢΢ֿ¶һʮЦݣЦȿ޵Ļѿ
ˡսЩɳƶ˵
硭Ӧһ
սתͷһ۳̷ƣ˵С̡ȳȥһ£ǸЩҪġ
̷Ƶ˵ͷһ֮Ȼתͷֶս˵ϴ˺أעⲻҪ˵̫ʱĻ
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̷ſ첽߳˷䣬š
ȳ̷֮һӣսߣ̾Ϣһ˵磬ܿˣصֵǡ
Сţ𡭡¶ûϵһصƺ˵ģôһأҲ鳤̫Ĵˣûóֵ׼γ˴ԺͲٷƵĴˡ
ս˵ⷬһĸо
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һؿڣȱ㻯һɺɷƮɶǵǰ
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սһȻңӣʱͱ˾汦һߵ˼·ûʵģޣȲһǱ˰ķϸСûʲô
Ҹսһ飬Ȼࡣ


734 
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˵ܹҪѦСߣСӳ˲˲ٲҩŵһ
Ǿ֮̽ζԸһص顣
ڵкݳطصԱʧأʱս˶ʮصľӢԱݳǣݳǵصǿ֧Ԯڰ·⵽ݳǵصʮ˼ȫûսȥˣֻܹŻлѦСߡ
ʱʮֲңҪѦСеǰѻľܹľ֮סЩа̷ӵ׷ҲܻŻ
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ңҶǵзӡԹʵڲʲô֮٣һܹܲôˣҪ߻ħɲҼүһס
ԣս˼ǣٲˣֻܺú˱ǣһнصȫȨ
ս飬ҳֱԼĳȻҪԼʹ졣
ȻʬûҵȴܾܻţôߵĵطǴ޽ҲԻ
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ڸղ̷ѦСߵĵҩоָĲǱڴϿʼУȹһµҩЧ
ļ֮УҴŲŲͶڼϢȡԼΪһЩĻָĿǰҵ֮ء
ԼҵĹ⾰ǿ͸Ҵһ绰˵һ顣
˵ȷһΣ֮ǰ
һϢжʱһ֮ǰ
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ʱɽǣʰС¹ƵĳǣȻɽصѺڵ֮С
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˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܾãüү˵ĺܶԡ
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736 С֮
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Ҳûж˵ЩʲôֻǶСһӦһ뿪˼š
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ǺһЩˣֶ̫ҪһЩʱղС


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ĬõĳĬҲ֪ȥ˶á
үүͻȻһ̾˵˰ˣȻִѧүүҲ㣬ʣܹŹҲδ֪


738 Ǭ˱
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лϲѡ
ҳŸүүʧķٴΰݣȻһ޷˷ܾ뿪
һ뿪֮󣬾Ҫȥүү˵Ǹطˣ㶫һǸӣǸӽڷ룬ǵطһ¡
ţ¶һͼ˵үء
үһټʮǰ߳ƵΪ϶ҸүүҪүүǰҶоһ㣬үǵʲô̶ȣ
¶룬һ;̫˼ˡ
үү˵Ҳ֪үǲǻţҸоЩˡ
ΣҪȥ˵
мѣһͷ뿪ڣϳǵķȥڰһִϳ֮˰С֮Уһ˵ҪԶţһʲôʱүү绰ıǡ
Ұֵû˵ʲôȴ߶һ˵ҲϴСˣζϽҸϱ˵廹ãܹҿӣʹ˾Ϳˡ
ʱҲ߶ңʱЩᷳһʱżң˼ҵ߶С
һ¶ʱЩĪˣһվ±ϵӰԺ︡֡
СŸ硭±һ޸㡭
仰һħһ㣬ʱԺ룬ÿ뵽һΣҵľʹһΡ
ʬûҵֻҵһΨһҵĶʱó廳һʱҶ˵Ĺһ˿ڣǸһǣƵˡ
㾿أ
̫ţһʼķֿľ𣬶һգпһҲ޷⿪
߶ҵʱЩˡ
ʱϰֲһ仰˵СŰܿҪˣγţزؼҹꣿ
⻰ʵһ㶣ҡҡͷ˵ɣܻһϻ


740 Ľ
ȥүү˵Ǹط·;ȽңԶҸһĨڣܲܽȥһ¶ǽȥҲ֪ʲôܲܵõүϿɣõĴ㣬үأǴУ
ⶼҪǵ飬ԣ޷ϰһȷĴ𰸡
ֻ˵
ô꣬ÿ궼ĸһЩһ뵽Ϲ¹µģҲζ
ϴк֮ұС˳ڲԶصԺſڳ麵̵ļүӡ
үӴʱҲңҳλص΢΢һЦ˹ȥ
һΣүӲû£ֻǵһЦ˵ˣ
Ӧһ˵ͷ˵ǵġ
ⶼԼѡ·۶ҲһҪȥǾ仰龡ܷģȥɡ
һүһ񣬼ү΢΢һЦ˰֣˵߰ɣϣ´ټ㣬ϷῴһһĽҵĶչ۷硣
ûٶ˵ת뿪ȥ˻վ·ϣǼرõһһ˵绰˵ҪԶŵ顣
ѦСߡս塢ǣһһкҪңһ£һأҲ˵׼ʲôʱܹ
˶ܵΨѦСЩᣬǲǴȥһصҲȥ̫ˡ
˵ѾһҽˣֲɱˣҴȥһصɶ
ѦСȴ˵Ҳɱ˲Ҳ˰ܸ㿪·ҿɸ˵յǻľν¯࣬΢΢һؿݿ࡭
øֻ˵ʵĿǰ˵Ҳȥһص鷳ǲˣֻʵҪȥѧҵֶΣҲǱչذɡ
һ漰ҵֶΣѦС߱ʶȤĲٶʣֻ˵´εһһصĻһҪ֪ͨȥҰæ
¶ӦѦСߵʵҲǲǵǰƵĻľ֮󣬸绢
һ²ò˵ǱѦСöֶο˵޵ˣѦҵǼү֮⡣
ǶһȻҪҲܵһƬսʮǿ
˼Ը˵ֶΣɱֺɱѪˡ
˵绰֮Ѿ˻վһֱǵĻƱ
Ŷʦ֣˰죬ҶûվĺڳβһˣǬ˱ֱ֮ӿԽʦַǬ˱棬ʡ¶ʡ̫ˡ
ķүүȻҲøһʮӵġ
̵˻𳵣ҵԼλұ۾ʼС
һ·֮ҪãҪʮСʱ·ģҲûи̸£ֻбĿУĵ;ʱ⡣
Դ˳֮Ҿһֱ۾ֻһ壬쵽Ŀĵصʱѹֱ³ˡ
£оʱţʱҲȻʱ򣬶СŮ̵ĿңСҡ
Ůиʮ˾꣬һѧģ
۾֮ǻڳЦʱҾЩΣŮ΢΢һЦ˵λŮЦʲôϳˣ
һһЦСѵŮ˵˧磬֪Цʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷʾ֪
һβŮ̲סЦ˧磬һ·ڵģʮСʱһƤûգһ£˯
Ҷʱ¶ҲǽͲһɮ붨һǿ϶ģеһڶʮСʱǱȽ϶̵ˡ
ҺǺһЦ˵ϳ֮ǰͨС˵Ҳûô˯һϳ˯ˣǼЦˡ
˧磬㿴ʲôС˵βŮʮֺ˵
ҡұȽϲС˵дģſžʱˡ
ŮͬʱβŮ˵㾹ȻҲϲдС˵ǻԵ˶дģϴˡ
ʱ𳵵ٶѾԱѾ֪ͨ³ˣҳŮ΢΢һЦ˵˼λŮҵվˣ´ټ
֪ģҿСŮЩɺ΢΢ͷ֮󣬾˻𳵡
վ֮춼Ѿˣ糿ߵңöЩˣҸ̯ȳԵ㶫һȥֽͤһݿǵصĵͼúһǸڷڡ


741 
ţұڻվһر̯ҪɣŪһ˶ӣʱþ
ʵеʱҲһҵڵϢԶԶҪ˯õĶࡣ
Ա֮ұĴйطǵһһϤоϳǻкܴͬģϳ滹һЩȥЩͷĽɫĿ
ţҾһͤһݵصĵͼһ߿һǰߣϸѰһڷڣǵҽͼһ֮󣬲ɵüͷʮֱߵǣͼϸûбһڷڡ
ѲɸүүǼǴˣǺڷͲڿǸڱĵط
үүƭҵģҲڷ룬̸ȥʲôϻ£
鷳ɾʹˣܲܰһ˰ɣ
ˣǿ϶ܻȥʸүүˣǲõ绰ģҲϵϡ
ƵҿŵͼԴˣʱͻȻһϴүһǰʵү֪⿪Ǹûһڷĵط
Ǵүǿ񾭲һĿңҡҡͷ˵ǲҴطˣʲôڷ룬û˵
˵ţǴүתˡ
Щģסһˣһºڷ룬˵ĻشƣٺЦڷ벻֪ҵ֪ɽ
ãҿͳǺɽţҲ˵ʲô
ȥ⵽ʲô
˶֪ڷģȥȥѰ
Ļϲ˿̵ޱȡ
үүǸҳһϴ⣬ҪطҲͱ˼Сȥ
ҲĵҸ˼ʣţһ棬ŵ¶Ų˵ǿˣʵһЩҴɨһۣоκΞųĴڣֻһЩҡײƭͨ˰ˡ
ЩŮͶĴСʮ꣬ĵ߰ʮ꣬ÿǰһŻҪôǰԣҪô̫ͼеֱӾĸ֡ࡣ
ҵĸˣֵܹط
;úЦ
ЩˣҸᣬ첽뿪ö͸ҴкЩֱλС磬˲ˣԺȻǰ;Ϸ㲷һԣ׼Σ
УСүõǣǰ;õ˵
ҵͷ첽УҪ߳ŵµʱͻȻ䣬ǰͻȻסһˣ˵һץסҵĸ첲ʱƴɱ׽֮ˣһ˿ңҶкܴľԣʶһ̧֣һ¸񵲣ûпʲôˣһ¾ͽƿȥˡϡһһƨ˵ϡ
ʱҲϸŵ˿ȥһͷӣģһϣд֡ɡ
ͷĲ˵ݵƤͷԴϻһ٣֪ûϴˣžһرζ
ͷƵڵ֮󣬻ˣϰϵĽš
ҿҪզأղһҲûö
һ£һ˹ȥԴǸ˵˼λүҸղŲСġ
˵ţ־Ҫû룬ͷƢ˵СôôͷҲȥȥ˵仰ôݵ֣ϹͷˤɢˣҪǲһͱߡ
ȥ⻹ǹɵģ˼
ҲǱͷЦˣҲɫʵ˵ɣզأ
ͷ۾һתһŵôذɣҳԶٷ¶Ǿǳƽˡ
׼ͷʨӴ󿪿أͷɣȻΪһٷҲˡ
ΪͷҪҼٿǮء
һٷһܹģ˵ˣҲȷʵһѣôͣˤһƨնҲֲ׵ģǾɡ
ҵ˵ͷӦ
ͷʱϲЦտҰȥĳԣָŲԶһС˵ǰɣҶ˺üˣ㲻ÿ춼ӣǿˡ
ҲͷоҲûм⣬ݵƤͷǶˡ
Ȼ䣬Ժֳ︡һʱҲͷһˣͷҪǼһǻУԳ̨ɽ۾ʦӵλûϵˣҲ֪ȥ
һСݣͷʱ˾æкԱ˵ҪˣǷԱͷһ·ɫҪǿŸһģ϶ؤһȥ


742 
ӷԱнӹ˲˵ԳɵļһҲҿֱǲ˵дģһ߰˸ˣһӣһ˵ʱͷкֱ˿ӿԣһ㶼һ˻ûǰһ˾Ѿһɨա
һͷԲأȫǶࡣ
ƾⷹҲʲôͨˡ
еʱ䣬ǺڷһʱҲû䣬Ҳż;ĿǺԺ
˵ͷ֪Ǻڷʲôطأһʱǡ
˵ʱҲղ˵㣬ͷһĨ죬ҺٺһЦ˵˼üûԷˣĹǺǻ˸뱥ζҪҪ
һζȷʵҲҸոճԹüֻ΢΢ЦҸճԹ˼⡣
ҾͲ˰׷Ǿ䣬ζ׷һһ£Ȼٳ۵⣬ζԱȸĴ׷
˵һ룬ͷĹӶ˳ʹ£кԱ׷һŵĺߡ
ȥɰͰ͵ͷǶͶô̫ܳˡ
Ա׷֮ͷٴ̻߰˷ӵĹ׷Թˣûʣ£ŴһãĹĶӣһ˵ѽһˬ˵ãþûгôˡ
Ҳųһ˼ңⶼʲôˣӣӦð
ͷ̾Ϣһ˵ĳԥҵĺˣͨ࣬˱࣬ʶˮģԤ׼аԣŶݼףֻͨϧĲţ̬ûʲôʶ֮Ϸ⿪Ƕ죬ûнӵһ⣬ǰ󱳣Ҫ㣬ƾͶ֮ϡҪ־ֻܹЩɹƭûͷΪ˶һ㣬ûɶ汾£ںߣƭǮƣŷˣټ¶޶գþûϴˣҲʽʵǸ˶
˵գҡͷ̾Ϣض㣬Ƿһۣ룬һﻹ˵˿ɹƭҿЩ̯ƭǮأ˼벻ɲǣһסһٺףǲ۸ʵ
εҡҡͷ˵ܹ棬Ҳ˵ԵãٷˣһҪˡˣ˼ͣʵڼҴŵˣαݶ
˵ţ֣ǷԱ׼ˣǲôȱǮ˳ԶٷҲʲô
룬⻰һ˵ɾЩˣһ˵զأСӣ⻰ǲĴඣ
ҺǺһЦÿɷִ˶ٿǮݸǷԱתͷͷ΢΢һЦ˵һ¶Ͳ˼ҺˣԵټ
ҪߣͷͻȻվ˵ȵȡϷ¶汾³㻹ϷЩH֮һ·㣬ϷٷҲ׳ģ£Ϸһԣ׼Ϸ򽫳ԵĶȫ³Σ
ѽȥͷˣһ˵ҵȤ˵ͷ˵ðǾ⿪ǸɶİɣҪǲ׼ˣٷҾû롣
ͷ۾һתƬ֮󣬱˵˵⻰ǶϷĪ裬Ƕ£ʲôв£ǽռɶã
զ˵զ˵͸Ҳһԣ׼ˣҾһ١ɫ
һ˵ͷ۾һ˵˻棿
ǧȷĻ档ҵ
ˣ⿪ǵĿģ϶ҪһطҲǣһûԥſڱ
һ˵ͷһ룬ѵˣ
ͷĴ˲ɣ
ʱ䣬ҿͷͲһˣЩȻ𾴵ĸо
Ƭ̣˵үӣЩֶΰôģ
ˡ⻹㣬ղҾͿһſǵĵͼ·ֻ˵ͷǰߣ϶ҵطҪȻаˡɺٺһЦ˵
ȥү
ͷҵĸĪ֮˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ͻȻоԼˣˣɫʮѿ
ʱͷּĳһЦ˵Сӣղ˵Ļ㲻
ɶƵ˵
ϣСĵ죬˵׼ˣҴһšɵ۾˵


743 
ðɣԸķ䣬ȻӦ˼ңٷ϶Ҫģεҡҡͷ˵УûգһҪҿһǶٸϡ
⻰˵ģһߣ֪ɶʱȥ㲻ǣͷһϺס
զأճ꣬һ٣ϳԵȥ𣿡
ⷹڿԲԣϷһ鷳æҪǰ¶ˣٷҿԲġͷٺЦ
һﻹǲˣùߵģûˣ˶ٿǮϣ˵ֵˣܴסһ˿ӲǣôŰɣٿǮȥĳĳԣˡ㡣
ҽǮ֮һ֣˵ͳȥʱͷһӣҵǰЦ˵СӣҿԵղһԲ㣬ٸһԣҪǲ׼ԵͷߣǶٿǮҲǲҪģ㿴𣿡
һ£оͷ϶Ǳʲôڵأ̬Ĳţճ˻վûãôһƭӣ˭˵ȥ
£ҲǼڰͷ룬һԾһ԰ɣһ㲻׼ҾܹˣͷǴ򲻵ҲãϾҲûʲô̫׵飬޷һٷˡ
ԥһ£ҵ˵ͷ˵Ǻð͸һԣǿ˵ˣҪ㲻׼ҵͷߣɲٲˡ
ͷϺһĵ˵ͷ˵⻰˵ǲģϷҪ׼ˣøҰæ㲻׼ϷҲ㣬һɢ·죬һߣΣ
ãǾɡ붼ûʹӦ
׼׼ģǻ˵㣬׼ˣҲҲû취ǻզأ
ţͷ
֪λСֵʲôǲԵǲ⼪ףϷ˵󻰣û㲻׼顣ͷһгӡ
ҺٺһЦһ⣬˵ЩҶ㣬͸ʲôİɣҪ׼ˣҾ͸æ۳󻯿˵ǰ棬Ҫɱ˷ŻΪҿɲɡ
ҷģⲻ£Ǵĺ£ϷҲʲôˣҪȻҲˡ
ɣǿҿɸʱ䡣Ҵߴٵ
ͷЦݣվߵҵߣʼҵϸһ߿һ˵󷲹֮òȹ۹οС̣֮ͣ沿֮ӯüĿ֮㣬֮ٿݣȡ֮񱡣뷢֮ǣ̣֮ȡ֮гɿ֮оͣȡ֮鳯ֿ֮֮ʢ˥
ͷһ߶߶˵ţһ۾ҵٺδɷн£ֵģоû·Ƶġ
һʼûоʲôоͷһһȻⲢߵƣһֳĴҷ緶ո߶Щĸоͷͷǵ
ʱͷͻȻ˵Сӣܸ𣿡
㣬ֻҪҾͳɡ˵
ͷͬˣһ˫ںͬɲһ־ͳ˹˫ֳһ¾סҵĸ첲Ȼؿڣ䡭¡
ﲻˣå㣿ſɣһƵ˵
ٺٺ١ģϷûж֮񱣬һүɶͷٺһЦܿҵ̣Ȼ˳Ŵһ·ܿ죬ͷɫٴαȻ
һ֮ҶʱûһëôһûôһͷӣõģҵķңӢ۲ʳå
ҽǵѪùˡ
ҪһСˣһͷӣҿңͷҪǲ˵Ȼһôʰ
ţĿͷ
ͷź룬˰ζſң˵Сӣܲ򵥰
ҲֿʼˣϺƣȻ˵ȴʵϻ˵㵹׼ûУǸɶģ
СӣϵɷأԲͨˣϵûҲж˰ɣ
ͷ۾һУС˵
ﲻݣһ仰һĺëը
ͷ˵Ļ٣ȷʵɱ˺ܶˣҲ˵û٣ٶ϶еģôأ


744 Ըķ
ͷ仰ҵĶᵽɤۣҵһ뵽鲢жô׼Ǿǲʶңǲһصʰҵģ
ԣ仰֮ҵ۾һɱ
ƺֳܵϢͷҲŵĻһ£ҿһۣС˵СӣţƼˮֻ꣬ڽżѣϷϵ㣬Ҳϵңֻƾ洫һЩڷԶϷȷĴˡ
һ£ܾЩգֵУ֪㲻Ƿˣһ൱бµߣϷȻǻһеģǶǻ콭ģֻǵͬѣһ˺ɱķӣƤӶѣ㲢ûʲôвҪϸңϷһܳԷ˵⣬ûʲô⣬ܿЩ췽ҹ̷ⶼСϷ
ðɣ˵ң࣬ɽҽࡢȴһ˵
ѦСǼңҲķӣвߣβ˵ıû˵Ҳʮһ࣬ҽˡ
ɫЩģһ˵ǰǺηˣǹҵ𣿡
ͷҡҡͷ˵㻹ǲңϷ˵ˣƼˮ꣬һжԵ֣ȻţǾ˵˵
һ£ͷٴ˵Сʱѣʮһʱѣ˲Ķ˹һױд˸ĥѣֽۣһδߵһµĸ߶ȡ֮·ӿ
㸸ĸڣֵܽã滹һүүĸȴ뿪ǰʮجج£ʮǵѪ
˺ˡ˵ˣˣүˣղҿۣе˼ұ˵ˡæͷһ
ȥˣ˵Щ黹ܹӱ˵ˮ飬ֻҰְһ֪趼֪һ꣬Ұִݣȶ˾ƣгﵽ˺Һ˲ˮҪǹ·ĺ˽ҺҰִˮүˡ
Ұ־֮󣬿һţк²ѣ¶ûҸ˵躦£ҶԷ񶨣Ψһ飬ˣͷ򵥣е鶼ˣ˵ȥܽСʱĳ¶Щ޵ݡ
ķˣͷٺһЦ۾ңٴ˵Сӣı꣬ڴĿǺڿ㡭
~⻰һ˵Һ޲Ҹȥˡ
мĪЩ΢΢ûҽ˸ˣһΣǶ˼Ȼˣһȭүӿʼ̵Աŵɽʬҵĺˣɽţں£
ɼ˵֣أҲһȭ˵ԥɣˡ
˵ǣͷһʼû˵ѡ
һһᡭղ治˼ȷЩСˣҲ
޷޷ֻ洫ֶΣڷԶѣҲܷˣϷ㲷һҲӦġͷЦе˵
̵֮ͷٴЦеĿң˵СӣղǴǸĻ㲻ˣ
žѹղȷʵͷˣ˵ͷҵݣҾʹӦһ飬Ȼ˵ˣǾһĭһԲܷڵġ
ǰͷȻòˣǾˡ
ڸǰǾ͸ˡ
Ըķ䡣
ҵͷҵ̬ȡ
ͷĵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣȻԸϷæھͶ
˵ţͷдšɡϣͳȥ
Ա˷֮ͷͣ·ˣŷͳŷſ˹ȥ
ߵ̨ǰǷԱ˵ѽ˵ղСӽ˵ʱǻûǮأϽóɡ
ǷԱһ£æ˼ղһæˡ
˵ţǷԱóʮǮɣҲԼ
æ˹ȥСʵղ˵ҰæҸʲôǲǵȸ͸װ
żȥ˾֪ˣ¶ҲֻܰˡͷЩص˵


745 û
˵ʵһʼɵɣ潫һҡײƭļһϸǶ˵ɣ˭϶Ҳʲôӡ󣬵ǵ˵Щ֮ҾͲòŷˣ˵ǸĴˡ
ҪȻҶʶ֪֮ǰô飬ǣǶұ궼˳˵Ҵһڿ㡣
ѽҲ̫߶ˣⱲӻǵһ
ǿɹƭļһ֪е֮ȷʵĸˣֻǺܶ˶ֲ˰ˡ
ɵҾ͸һСƵģڴ˵ͣǳŷˣֻӵ汾µ˲Żõ˵ľηΪһߣΪн磬ǿʳ磬ʵпᡣ
ķҡڵǰţһקĶƵӡ
棬˺һ·ŵǰɶ⿪ȷʵһطܲܰҲһԣָһ·˱мˡ
ɶס˽Ųͷһۣص˵ڸ˵ʱǼżãȰϷǰʱ֮Ϸٸ취Σ
Ȼ˵ݶˣҲûɶ˵ˣƾԼ⿪ǸûͷӬײҲҲԵطָ㣬ҲʡҲ鷳Ȼ°빦
룬ɼȻƵҽǿǵĵͼߵŵµʱ򣬾Ѿע⵽ҡ
һҵĴ˵ʶ˱ıȻСƣһߵһ۾ܹ
߲٣ĴûиʮҲи򣬵ʮڵãã˺֮УӴĻ֮£ԵʮϡˣһǶèƵġ
ԣڴ֮ϲҸо֮ңΪһߵݣҾҸɶأ
һʮַѽ飬ϸǻصģ˵
˵䣬ߵ˸ղŵǸŵ£к̯ܶƭӣһɴ˹ʱ˸Ĵк
ϡ˹ʺˣִһ㣬⼸컹û״
ţȣؿɵúúһѡ
ɶЩ˵ļҲ֪ŪһǩһһߺٺЦղһٳԵĺñˬλǼȻɣ˵һһɵСӡ
ȥôоԼֱƭأ
תͷʱ򣬷ֵ·ЩһǿԩͷƵĿңͻȻԼǸɵƵġ
ɵı˿ûлɵģֻòϰοԼϸǿ϶Ǹƭӡ
С뿪ʱѾӣҪ̫ܳˣȻָҳһͨ˷˲ʱ䡣
ķǰţƺһҲżӡ
Ҳ֪«ﵽʲôҩֲʣڿ϶Ҳҡ
溦ϸǰҸˡ
˴ԼһСʱĹɴһϳһžɵСԺԱߣطλòΧȫǸ¥ã˼С֮󣬾ͿʮͥԺЩȡĸоСԺǱȽϿмһСԺ
СԺΧɨʮָɾһס˵ġ
ܹסһطǿ϶ǷǸڵķ۲ͣǣסһԺӣ֪ˡ
СԺſ֮ͣΧԺǽһȦۿžҪ˼ǽͷʱûˣһסĸ첲ʵ˵ǰҹǸɶģҪȱǮ˵һУֻҪ̫࣬Ҷõĳеɲܸɡ
ɻͷһۣЩͷ˵Ϸ𣿡
æҡͷ˵Ų̫񡣡
ǱˣģϷǲּģҾ뿴Ժûˡ
˵ţҪǽͷæס˵ҿˣҪǱ˴Ҳ˵岻ǣ
ٴλͷһۣٺЦ㲻˵Ҷˣãû
ҵ˵ߵǽߣһһż⣬ͱ׶ߣԺһۣܿͿһʮҵһˮԺｽ
һ֮ɵˣ꺺ӣԺｽء
ɵ˵ͷӦһߵſڣ۵ľţʱнŲǸ˴ţɿһۣɫͱ׺


746 ̫̫а
꺺һſڱʱҸȦˡ
ҿʲôɽҴطˡ
Ϊһ֪ߣվԭһֲʲôΪɵԸ񣬿϶꺺ӶȻɵķӦǴ֮⣬һЦе˵˵ϵܡĸ׵
û˵꣬ĵһɣॡһŸˡ
ɳһŸεҡҡͷ˵ôҧʶİ
ʱҲŴȥСĵʵǰʲôҹΪ˰ɣ
ʱƢһۣ˵㶮ɶߣ֮ٹ
ȥģ˵ȥԷ
ٴһŵĺߣų극ֿɵĶƤǸ޵׶ô
ҲΣֻøһСݣһΣɵûǰǸģˣҪ˼С֮󣬻Ҫƿ׾ƣүڶ棬Ƶĺ
ƹѭ˹ζұԺӵԵɣʱɣһȵĺ˵ģŴ˻ϻӸ˵Եɡ
֮ǰһ·Ƶ˿ǣڵʱһȥг˵̫̫Ĵˣ˱֮Ȼأһ֮£㿴̫̫Щ̫ԾƣײаԵʣĻ֮ڣ֮ǡ
׻˵ĺãһʤ߼ɼȻײͲܲܣǾ͸̫̫һ·˼Ȼ˸ղźɸϽǸˡ
̫̫˵ʮ꣬ʱȻƣȴ죬ɸ̫̫˼֮ȻԺȰ˸ϽҸе˹˼а
ֻһķӣ棬ˮΪͨǶνħ׽аȴû̫о˵ҲһЩԸһССĻЩ취۲̫̫ϲŵĶԷͬСɣҪЩ汾µ˲С
ԣֻܳԾʾֳܶ
һԭǺģֻ̫̫Ķӣȴɵһҡײƭļһɴһ٣Ӽ˳в˵ٿɹƭͽ͵ɳ
ؼǣ̫̫Ķӣݲ򵥣ǵؿǵĹֳҪ˵׽ȥţҲһ仰顣
ŵĲᣬƨľ˳
˻ǵþȣܿһ̫̫а
ǣɲһԣ㵽˽ܹڿǵŵһߣǾأɵ㶵ײǹϣʱҵ׳ץ˹
û룬ɳһŸ˸˳
к棬ɣǱ˵Ļǿ϶зӦ̫̫ȻزΪûз
ɸ˵֣еĹﶼ˵ʲôӦҪֻ̫̫ǲϵľһ̫̫˰ʱ򣬸˿ҲûʲôֻǾһЩˣЩ˯ֻе˵ϣǹŻĳ֣Ҫ̫̫ȫɣ̫̫ͻȻС
ĹҲвˣǸֹﶼһ֮ǰҪĹǸʮĹһҪĶ
ǸԹԼ֮ǰСϣͼǸǻٳ
˵Щ˼
ȻרŶԸħֵĵʿǶôչһҲģʬһó¹ʲôǶŵ˿ӡ
ߣұҲˣ֮еСȣȻͣССģϲҶ֣СȾ׾ٵĸʰˡ
ɽ˵֮üĿ
ɣȻ˼Ҳǽţξˣ
صһЦ˵ǽȥǰҹǼҵԺǽֱӽǹ˱ǣƳһЩüĿӦҹʱҳˣǰһʱȥűǡ
ЩĵǱǴ쵼զ졣
û˵ͲܶʰʵڲУ͸ۣǸʲôӣͲˡ
һ˵ҾҲһİ취
ϼһ￴ŲŵҲǸ֮ˣ汾£ǸֵýĽѡ
˵ţʱһһȥƿ׾ҲȫȸˣһǽϵĹӣѾʮˡ


747 
ܿ죬ҽˣ߳Сݣɣ̫̫סСԺӾ˹ȥ
ԼļƻǣֱӷԺǽȥʡ鷳
СԺԱߵʱԺһԺĵǹŵģѾ˯ˡ
˵һ͵ǽͷ֮ϣȥͻȻ䷢Ժһ˫͵۾ҿ˹
ŵһæ۷˻ȥӸһأ˼͡
ãԺйôǰ˵һҿһ۵
ϴʱûעⰡǼʲôʱ˹Ҳơ
ԸҲЩ취ģһؿڣֱӽСȸ˳һѪɫɷƮȻŵɵһҿϢ
ǵѪɫɷܿһӰһɰСŮģѾĴСС裬װ۵ģƵģȥʮֿɰ
Сһ֣һЦ˵СŸ磬ҳ͸ˣñ
һСȣŵĻǽҶ΢΢һЦ˵ǰ£СǼģˣҸһ£˵ҶʮһǸѣ⸣УСҸˣʮֹɡ
˵ţָС˵ȣүү
ȳɿһۣһЦ˵үүá
Ȼ˵СȲˣɻŵϵļֱ飬ЩӵĲ㡭áСѡ
˲ɣֱӸȷԸȣԺȥϹлһǽȥ
ȵ˵ͷ˵ٴαһѪɫɷԺƮȥ
СѾͷһ˵ʲôʲôԵɡ
С֮ǽߵɲŲΡΡ˹˵ҵĹԹԡ˵ģͷһμġСб¡
Ҹɽ͵ڲǹֻ֮ǰϻ꣬йϢѣǰ£СѾͷġ
˵䣬ԺﴫصĽܿû˶
˶ųһֻǹѣ۾ܹģȵҪŵ̱ڵء
ȳɹˣٴһԾԺǽ㷭ȥȴһ֣˵ϵܣҲһѰ
ȥ˸ֶΣȻǽͷҲû취һ֣ͽԺǽ˽ȥٷ˽
֮ҳķһۣȾվڹԣЦеĳ֣ʾѾ㶨
ҳһĴָʹɳһε˹ȥ
Ǵĵطһʯĺ棬غֻ֮һۣʱѾһˣٹһҹʱǹѾܿҪˡ
óʱû׽ˣЩСɸ˵ҪĵжǹĲҪǹ֮ˣһǴɲ׽Уؽ˾Ͳˡ
˷ȥع
ʱһһĹȥоʮ
ʱȾģܿƮ˹ŵһԶԶģҸСȴһ
ҾúЦ˵ǰʲôܳ㲻ɣ
¡Ǿá
ɰѻ˵꣬ͻȻҶС˵СŸ硭طһͬ࣬ӡ
СΪȻ˽Ϣ˵Ŀ϶ǶԵġ
һ£ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪У֮ҾСŸҪСİ
Ӧһ˶ϸΧĶͻȻ䣬ţʮֿ¡
ղŻһЩϸ΢죬ʲôˡ
ȻԺͻȻһַ磬Ҷ죬Ƕ죬ʮˣЩһ䣬ҲԾĴһ
ȥе˼Щеġ
ֵƬ̣ԺĹַͻȻ˼С磬ԺƮܿɢȥ
ȥ֮ͻȻԶһﴫһ˿ϸ΢죬һ˵󣬲ϸ
ϽȥݡָŶ᷿λ˵
׼׵һ䣬ҾһӰƵıǷſڣһţȴŵģĶԽԽ󣬾ҪҲ˲ôˣֱһţһ߿ȥ


748 ɫѪ
Ǵ򿪵һɲǣӳĳҵһǼʶңҲЩܵˡ
ΪҿһһɫѪµŮˣ˿ƯһŴϷŴϴ˿ƽһ̫̫
̫̫Ҳͣ۾һƵϢ̫̫ĿлĶ뵽ǴѪµŮС
ŮϴĴ̫ޣǻһҿı˰һ졣
һźںɫϢǺŮΧɱڣһʮְĿֲϢǺŮɢ˳
һ߿֮󣬺ܿǺŮܵҵľţҲֹͣȥʳ̫̫ľתͷ߿˹
һ޶԰׵ݣʮ־£ɫѪһ˵һܲϣһ˫۾ȴޱȵԹޱɱ
ɨҵʱ򣬸оﶵͷһˮָоҲĻһ顣
ҪȻһҵĶﻹŻģЩ֣ŮˣҲ˵һħҵȸ޷ǰһ
ֲơɣүֱڿҡ
Ůֵǹʱĸо̫ôˡ
ҷӦһѪɫɷͷƮ˹̳Σ˰֮Уˡ
ȵĻЩָǺŮ˵ŮˣҪ۸СŸ硭
ǺŮһСȣһΣ뿪̫̫ҲСһڰ֮Уȵ翴һ壬ǳ̰֮ɫ˷ۺɫͷһ촽ƵЦʲôȻһŹʵС㣬ҪʮĵС첻ҡ
˵䣬ǺŮƶȻһѪɫĳ޷ԹģǺںɫϢʱˮһʿӡ
ȻСҲǳصģéɽҢ˴һЩ֮ǣʬֵĻɵĻ꾫дһǱ˰ƵķԪؼСȻʮġ
С˼ӵ־дʣ˫΢΢ţһɺɫɷͻȻ
ƣСһѷɫǺŮ
֪ʲôʱСȾȻҲǿˡ
һЩǣǺŮһǸϹʮָߣȻҲͦģʵս黹ٵĿϾǸСӣЩԿ
˰ޣ˿á
һɹʵʵɨ͸壬ǽһ
ʱҵѾǬ˱֮У͵͵ĽǷʬ˳һҪʱԣҷʬȥǺŮĻɢ
ڵ뿴СȵܲŮ
ڽ֮䣬ͻȻŷһ죬һʮ˳ʲôˣ
Ȼ󣬽ŲǸԾͷŭҹܵҼ϶Ҫͼı죬ʹ绰˹ץߣ
֮ǸѾ׽סɵӣһֻֻҪ绰ˡ
ɵûжôţֻǳʹһɫǸ˹ȥ
һ󾪣ˣ㡭ǻŻȥķʲô
˵䣬ֱɿɣҲ˲ô绰ˣֱӾڵĳ˹
ҲЩֶεģһ֣ͳҵֱץɵĶ˹ȥַһţҵؿ˹һΣֱӳײ˹ȥһ־ץסӡ
˵ֶλԣһֳҷץ˹ˣȻҹС
ұΪҪԸˣֻܿͻὫ£û뵽ӲӣϷأһСþͽסˡ
ҿס˻ڷʱ˹˵չģϷľĵ¿ηΣ㳯￴ǶЩɶ
ҡײƭİ࣬ҺĽߣҹȴ͵͵ܵҼף֪ڷʮͽ̣ŭ˵
ɸϻֱӸʹһɫһֻֿһֻ־Ǭ˱УƬǧҶ۾һĨ첽ȥ


749 ۵İ׹
ղźȾƵʱҺɾ˵ģһڤ粻Ļﳤʲôһ֮󣬾Ͳɵˡ
ԣǧҶ׼ˣһĨţᣬ˳ִǬ˱֮˳ͳ˵۾Ĩȥ
ſڡ
˱⳯һʱһȫļⶼһΣҪҲţ͵̱
ڶݵĽ֣ȺǺŮƲ֮Ϳ
ĵݣɫѪƣǺŮһĹХȺǺŮӺܿײһ𣬸оײһ㡣
˿ֲĻ棬˴ʱŻһתͷң⡭ʲô
֮ǰˣﱻһɾĶˣҪһһ͵øʬ
⻰˵һ٣õȵ糿Ϲҹ˵͵ñ˾ж
˻һͻȻһץסɵ֣ధλȾɡ˼һ
ɹһ£һģ˵²òϷ֣ҵСܰףűˡ
ȥʲôʱĸˣ
ű˶ˣҾǹġ
ҰһۣҪ˵תһץסҵĸ첲λС硭鷳ˣɣһصĸлǡ
ȹҳݣС⣬Ͻģϰɿһ۵
ү
ﰵһ䣬ϼһֻᶯƤˣۣҲˡ
һ˻ܰæָɣǲܵ飬һʬߴǬ˱˳һӡ
ֱûˣ̫ˣ͸壬һ˲䣬ҵݾͿʼ´ܣܿơ
;ֱͷꡣ
Ҷģ̫̫϶ܲ˰ôһڣǲҲԶˡ
ŷʬߣ̧ͷڼƴɱ￴˹ȥ
һʼﻹܹΣֱӾͻţһ
һܹĸȣĸǸŮġ
ڸϻԵʣɢɷȽŨɺɫģǺŮȻǱȲһߣǺںɫģɫϢ֮Ưһâ̫
ĻȣһЩ岻֣еķʬѾӦϢĩ˵Сһֱھҵ˸ţЩȲķ΢΢֮
Գֳ֣ʤڿǵȲˣ̫̫ܲ˰
ŷʬߣҿ첽ͳǵսűƽ˹ȥ
һŷʬߣǺŮĺںɫɷ˹ȥ
һĵĻͦ׼ͷһĲҽڶ𣬷ʬ˸ĸˡ
ˡ
ʮּǺںɫɷԴԴϵĳŷʬӿȥ
Ҳʮּɵʬߵ÷ʬǺŮʱ˳ȥƮſڵλá
ڴʱҺԤϵһ鷢ˣһ۵İ׹ͻȻӴͷϵĳһλһ£һҼǱܵ˼һصļơ
һˣǺŮѣǵ׹˸ĵطӶݶȥ
һ֮䣬ǺŮĺںɫɷûӰ
ȥܴӷʬѵĹҲ̫˼ˡ
ղͻȻ˸İ׹Ǹʲô
Ҫȥ鿴һ£ͻȻһͳ˽һ˴ͷŵ̫̫
ЩſվŵȣҲ˵Сô¶ģŮˣ
ɣɶ˼бȥ׽ôԹˣﻹأ㲻ͷ˵
ҲִǴͷ˹ȥ
˷ʬߣȣҲ̫̫˹ȥ
̫̫ɫ࣬ͣʮʹ࣬ͣľҴϢš
˱̫̫һֱţѰզ˰
ˡˡϷϸơһԵ
˶ûɶɫǵı֮󣬱ʮŷˣ˵ʵңʹ󰡣ȽϺã϶ѡɣÿ˵طȥơ


750 ͭԵ
ɷнµĳſ̫̫Ƥһۣһź룬˵˼Ҿ̫Щ
һ˵꺺Ӷʱɥ˵λɣҪȾĸװֻҪܾȻҸʲôɡ
΢Щзˣһ۶̫̫ܿڵȴﵭװȣҲ֪˵ɶˡ
ʱɵĿҵϣͻȻ˵СⰡûлָĵҩϽó˼һҲǹ
ҡ
һҪϺһٵĳ嶯ҳˣͷˣҷѪóָĵҩ
˵ʵָĵҩȷʵУһѦС߸ҵģʮϡеĲҩöɵģԭϺңһžһţԼóԣˣ
ôһԥ꺺ͿͰ͵ӣſھҪңܲЩſڣֱӴǬ˱֮һǰȥͽ̫̫ŵ
̫̫һ죬ҩͻ˶Ƭ֮󣬵ҩЧ֮һԭѾЩŤݾͻָƽӶȴûеֱӻ˯˹ȥ
˼龰һôˣΪʲôû
¶Ҳò죬˵𾪻ţﾫ̫ڷ˵ҩڻָ׶ΣúϢһ¾ͺˡ
ɸ꺺˵Ĺҵ۾ɨղҲһҪǺŮ˵ʱͻȻһ׹Ŀ쳣ŵæǺŮѣҪҵǣǵ׹⾿Ǵʲôطģźӡ
ǺŮֻˣҲЩˣǱʬ߲סĹܹѵģŮһ
ұҪˣԺٻˡ
ҽɨһȦһŹɫĳ¾ױ̨ϣױ̨ʮֳ¾ɣһˣǸϹŶ
ʽҾ߱Ե¾ɣ⻹һ൱ԶҾߣһʼΪèҾ֮ϣǵҽĿƣ۾ܿʽױ̨ϵһ澵ӡ
澵ӵͷظӾԶΪͭģӰģģ̫
Ҫ˵ǣ⾵ΧкܶŹֵĻƣʮҪ˵ǻƵĻҾǷĸһЩΪЩ·Ҹʶ
ʱ䣬˸ɵ̸Ҿˣ۾ֻ澵ӡ
⾵治͹ӵţһʱĲɣͺظС
֪Уҵʶһ㱡
һʼʱһܹͭľ֮ϿҵӰƬ֮֮ͭͻȻһ棬һ޴Ĺ֮УһŻŵ˶һױ̨ǰĶǰͭǺЦһһľᣬһһµͷ
ŮΪüݡ
˿ģǼġ
ҿЩΪ⻭еŮʵ̫ɢһڲͬӺݻϢ
ȴֲ֪ģǰľͻȻʧˣӺݻŮһ¾ͳҵǰ߰׵ľ롣
Ǵ˿̵Ҳûκοֻ֮УĿһֱǸױĹװ
жôɫֻҷЩܿˣеľǸװ
ǹװ˺һͻȻ䣬ͳһˣһʮֿʵӣüĿ㣬Ӣˣ仹һѳվǹװһº͵Ŀ
ǹװܿӾ￴˺Ǹӣ¶ЦŨˣת̧ͷһӢӣһҸɫ
Ҳͷ˹װͬҸЦݡ
һʱ鲻Խ˫˫һ𡭡
ڴʱһһ׶ͻȻ˻֮Уһۣ̬һ֣˷˺ܶഩŸӢһĵ֣˵ͳӢӣ˸ˡ
ǹװʧɫڵϸǴ۵ĴͷģǴһ˵ϡ
Ȼһתһǳ֮£˷Χ˲ڳǳ棬Ǵһϵ֮ϣ߱һ۵Ĺװ
ڳǳ֮£濴Ͳôˡ
ƥÿƥĲ϶ƥֱһ˵֫ͲϣǸ˱֮ǰǹװһӢӡ
˿̵ӱƥֱҪʬĽࡣ


751 Ѫ
ֿʷαϿңس䷨ǸǳѶǴ˵еʬ
ֻ˵ȴûпĿҵ֮󣬻ǾЩԽܡ
ǸϵĴ͵Ҫ֣Ǹװ͹Ǵߣ޵滨һ㣬ԭ£Խ㣬ǴԽŭ
գһ֣ƥֱ˺ݺݳһӣһͬ
״˲䷢ǸӢ˵̱ƥ˺ƬѪһأǹװ˹ȥ
һУӰһ㣬ǰķţֻһԹߣʲô޷κ
󣬻һεת˳һܴķ棬Ǵһ֮ϣĿϣһɱ֮ΧʮվԣͦΣһű൱ĺ֡
һΣǹװǹڵϵģǹװԱ߻һĺӣİװʮֺÿͬǹ˵ϡ
ʱӴһ߳һӣһˮƽһų֮ϣһΧǳת˼ȦͣʱһֱϵĴվ𣬳ǳ˹ǳ֮һ룬֮󣬴Լָˮ֮С
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СŸ硭㲻Ҫ£ȰŮˡЩ˵
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753 򷨽Կգ羵
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755 һ
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ԣұҪٵĽܽȾȻҲܹ߳⾵ԹĿܡ
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΢΢һЦһֻǬ֮УĽһ˳Ҳһүʬ


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ΪϸоǱϴСӵʱ򣬿үʬһעһķǣʬҲԶԸ壬Ȼ嵱ɢҲһʱ̲ʱʮֶݣʤޡ
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ҴϢҲǹһӵĹ⾰Ǻϵ߰ɫһεͬʱȼ䡱һðһɫĻ硣
ȥô뺷
Ҳòúˣһҧֱ˷ʬߣݺݵĳǺ˹ȥ
ʬ߶ԸЧһȥǺʵ࣬ϵĺںɫɷϵıڣʬ֮УǺԽԽ
Һ·ʬ̫ľֵòʲôˣҺܿ˷ʬߣȼɡ
ʬĹ֮ǺС࣬˴ԼһӵĹ⾰ǺľֻʣһӰˣȴʵ
ۿźϾҪɣɢ֮ʣһĵĴ˹ϵܡɶϿСͣĻɢˣ⾵֮Ҳ߽⣬Ǿͳˡ˰㻹ûûˡ
ɵĻͷһɲ鷳ôȵļС˵ȡˣɣǸˡ
ȻȺûƵģԽԽˡ
ǺҲ˲ôˣֱ˫ֱסȣǺק
ٴοȵʱŵĲȸȥ
ȵҲǺһ㣬԰׵ܲһѪܣʱҪѿĿʮ
ȡҡСŸ硭ʹһȵӡ
ȵ۾һתָ˼ϵĺɫѪȥҽ˵ϣ˼ҡҡλΣǺ˾һ㣬һᣬֱԵ˵ϡ
ȥŪʲô۶ӣ


757 һȥ·
˾һͻȻأæȥȲǸ׺ǧҶˣ֮ľʬߴһ£Ѿûκη֮һŻֽ
ȱҲ֮Щ룬ԭ԰ֽݾȻֳһ˿Ӻ죬ӻǺһ㡣
ȳЦЦЩ˵СŸ硭ҺҪ˯ܾãˡ
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˵ֱ꣬ӻһ޺ɫɷǬе֮УӰ
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ȻǺûһۣĿԵʮִͣվһһӦûС
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ϣҲ̫࣬Ψһǣһ⾵֮Уѣʲôȳȥٸ۲ǡ
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ɺٺһЦ˵ΪˣôȥҶ֪бҪŰɣҿҲͦõġ
ɣүŲҳȥһ١ŭ
㵹ǳҾˡɼЦ
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ĳˮɵֵָ̤Ĳ۾״Ŵ˿ڸԼϡ
ָоʮֻֿţһƬڰҾʧʱ֮УҲһȥ·
ܶΣҶ۾һԼʲôطÿ뷨ʱɾͻǳסң۾ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻоһһֵĸоһʼĺžͨͨ͡ʮˡ
ʧĸоȻ޴棬һǲ۾
žһ죬һֻҵļϣ۵һ飬ͻȻٺЦˣ۾ˡ


758 ȡ
ɵҶʱҲŷ֣һǰˣеҶ
˵ѾǸľ֮˳
һ뵽оϲĪ۾ŷԼ̫̫ҵǰһЦңɻ˭
һһԭľϲһɨգ־ͳɵĲץ˹ȥƺ׼һһץûץ
ɣүҪ㣬㺦ˡһԾ𣬾ͳ˹ȥ
һתһ˵С⡭ղھ˵ˣϷų֮㲻鷳ôһүǣô˵ء
Ϻ꣬ƭҺòңӲһͱˣҲȡȭͷ׷ɵܡ
ʱһͻȻץסҵĸ첲Щ˼˵˵λˣǾͲҪﳳˡĸ׻˯ѣ˼ҾͲˡ
꺺һֻ࣬öס˽Ųĵһۡ
ɲŴ˹ͦԶʱܵ׼͵˵ϵܣ¶ɲܹңʱأæŸ̫̫ˣԼܹȥҪͭɣ˵Ǿе˻ǣ˵СǲҵģϷûȥǶǲ
һ˵СӽƭĲ٣ǵʱǺҵķʬˣѾӶݵ֮ͭУвȻҪһֱͭȥҲֳ㶯ףھȡ
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ʱתͷһʽױ̨ϵͭö˶˵ķ
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ƣʼֺһ˵˵չģѵڼ֮ǰϷ㣬ĸױһһ൱Ķ㣬ȴϷ򵱳ҡײƭ֮ˣ򣬽Ϸ˳ȥҪǽüʱĸѾˣͳһ߱ʬ塭
꺺ӳϻ̳Ͽɫ䣬¶һͨ˵Щܲˣο˾ĹְԱ
ҺǴ˿̵뷨ϾЩ˴ߣȻ۱˭һʱҲЩԽܡ
ЩٲҲˡ
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ӡЩȣҡҡͷ˵һֱæ鲻쿴ĸ岻ǲ˼٣տ֪ĸ״Ӻδ
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759 ظ
ӡһȵӣ뵽ҼҵүӣٱҪϺܶ࣬Ҳһ⵰ûǮϻкܶٵģֻûзְˡ
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˵Ҳŷæչȥһ֪ͭͭжͷˣĻʮֹŹ֣Ħ͹͸¶Щ۵ĵطͭ⣬һĲɣͺظС
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ôһ˵Ҷʱ˹ô˵ȷʵɾƬطͷһټʮûһǧҲа˰٣ز۵ĺӣز۵ĺԹģԲųɾ˹
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еͭ̾Ϣһ˵˵⾵ŮҲǿ֮ˣǿ֮˱пɺ֮ҲգҺϷһƲл꣬ԺΪµɡ


760 ܸ
⻰лʲô˼أ
Һܿˡ
ʱһ죬ͭһԵĹӡ˵ɶϷи֮룬֪˵
ӡؿлֱ˵ɡ
ϷҪ֪ͭ᲻áɻǰ˵
һ˵ӡæ˵ҪϲߣõԽԶԽãղҲһţе飬ֳͭģֲ֮ҿɲڼˣȻĶҲ˼ˡ
˵Ҳǣͭ˲ǳ˭ҪǸڼ治ˡ
ӡǳıӵҲͭڼˡ
ɻһӷ緶˵ʵͭǧĹЩ˵һɶõķǶ˵ҲǼֵǵܹǮҪϸˣ
ⶫһɽɽҲУԣͭ߱ǡӡ붼û룬һھ顣
ɶʱϲɫ޷ƵĿϲȻһţǱҸײ׽ˣСӿ϶ǵһˣղһ˵ͭǸţȴ֪кá
˵ʵҶͦģȻзһ㣬оżƵģļ۽ȴĶ࣬ԶԶҪǿϰٱ
ʶ˱﷽棬ǾֶΣò
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ⱦɶôҺ
ܲܲ˵ЩԹ˵
أ۾һɡ
Ǻðɣǳ󻰿˵ǰͷͭҸǹӡҪģɲܸһ࣬⵲סͭȷʵ
˵ҵЦˣ˵ϵһóϹѺϽۣῴ澵ӣ
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ţٴε˵ҰͭܶԸֹֻҪ֮ڹϣǹһʱڱ־ֹֻҪҶ˷ӣҲͬԶԸߣֻڻûȫо
ȥҵʹһЩ
ͱҸһֶƴʱ򣬴򲻹˼ңóͭһգ˵̲ˣһӣҲԻӽȥһնɱ
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761 ̫̫
ֲɻὫͭɱһԭⶫôã֮ͭлܱܻȿԸ壬Ҳʰˣȷʵһɶõı
ֻϧҸղŴӦϺ꣬ҪĶǷڣҲЩ̫񻰡
һνӣ˵ľģģҿ϶Ҫˡ
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Ұһۣ˵С͸ңԼĶҪʲôۺġ
ٺ١ʵأͭĿǰչֳһҪԭС콫ǺľˣĿǰ޷ƿ֮ͭڵľռ䣬ϷûзӿŮװɡͭЩķʮ־Ҫϸ򣬲оľ֮Ǹ㣬ҲһͭҲòǣɸҽ͵
ˡû˵ҪģҲøҶͣԽ˵ҿԽÿĻţ˵ĴˡŻ
ϵ⻰˵ģϵһϷƾǿˣҲ˵ҵǸңһһķϷûп۵ĻӦýǬ˱Ұɣⶫɽȫ̵֣֮ȫ̵Ŀɽ棬һС죬װºܶණȥͷţûɶ⣬Ϸ˵Ҳǣ
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Ǹ˿Ÿа˾ŷƣŵһװϱһѱ΢΢Цţһʵģļ϶һֻëӣǻëӵ۾Ʋɫüë͵һֻ۾Ƶģϵˣү
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֮үʦִʦ˸߸ڴ壬һ˷ֻǵʱս𣬲Ⱥ˲ѵ񣬸߸ڴͲ֮ˣʱү뿪ҵĺȴڸ߸ڴס
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˵һΣľͿڶϻµ׼ء
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ɻ֮ʣ̫̫㣬ߵŻǰ棬ȼ㣬¯֮Уݣ
ӡҹڵϿͷ
ʹҲͷΪǻҵү
ͬʱһڻ濴˼λӦöǹҵڡ
̫̫֮󣬲ΡΡĳ˹ҲվɫһƬء
СӣǻϵˣǼһëӵˣʶ̫̫ʵ
ţʶ˼ҵ档ɫ
˻һڣɺ͹ӡ˹һǻϵһң˶һľ֮ɫ
ӡһ˵񡭡񰡣ˣǼүôүͬһأһʼҿʱҲ죬ܾԭ
û뵽Ϸһ֮٣Ȼҽ֮أνԵְ绹СĿԡһۿ˶ߣϲɫ
ʱ̫̫ĵ̾Ϣһ˵ǼǼĪĹ⻭ϴŹٷҼ̫ү峯ĩʱ򣬾⿪һͷǸ£Ҽ̫үǹʽֵƣʦֻȹҼ̫үֹһΣԣ̫үѵ˵ǵȥ֮󣬹ҪҺܼҵ棬𲻶ϣҪûλֵܣûǹҵĺˡ
˵̫̫Щٴ˵û뵽֮ҵĶɾȻһˡӱ֮ǰԵټһҵĶɡ
˵˵ţ̫̫һʱȻ
һʱңæס̫̫˵Ȼǹã˼ҾͲ˿Ҳɸˣ֮Ͷѡ
̫̫ҡͷ˵϶飬ǹңӣԺǹҾ͸ԼһҲǹҵˡ
˵ţ̫̫һ۹ӡ˵ûУһҪúôСӡ
϶˵ˣλСֶӾǼҵˣҲġӡҲ
ҿһ۹ӡæ˳Цлл塭
ȸԵ֮һ¾һһ㡣
û뵽⿪ǻүѵĺˣһүĸˡ
˵䣬һ˾߳ã̫̫࣬ãæߴٹӡŪЩ˻úÿһ
˵æôʱ䣬һûԷýᣬ̫̫֪֪ڷʲôطǼȻҼүʶǿ϶֪еһЩ飬Ҷˡ
Ժ֮ȴһ˵Ҫһ˵
ҿлҪ˵ӣ̫̫͹˵һ͸һƧ
ɺٺһЦҵļ˵СֵܰǽҲʶˣӼһۿʼҾ;СӲɿ϶ҪѵģɽˮټʱеһطţҪվͱĴ쳾ҾҪ뿪⿪ˣҪҵ飬ڹҲܵõ𰸣òϷˡ
˵Ҫ뿪һЩᣬദʱȻоҲһˣǸֵýѣЩϼ޻ˡ
ϸ磬ż߰극Ҳ٣Ǻúġ
Ǳˣǹ֮棬϶Ҫ˵ϷͲˣԺ϶ġ


764 
ȥѾҲùǻϵʽ˴˽˵绰ͼͥסַɱ̫̫͹ӡǣ˵󲻵ã˼ҲдɵϣƮȻȥ
ǸˣҲǸѡ
Ϊү飬ҿ϶ҲҪ뿪ģæȥҸүҵǸڷڡ
ȻԵүѵĺ۴ķҲҪһ£˳һºڷϻµ顣
֮󣬹ӡæȥŪЩʳ̫̫סҵ֣һ㣬꺮ůʶ
ҵ϶ȤڶʲôˣĸǷ񰲺ãûȢϱ
ЩҶһһشţ˿ǵ˵Լûʱ̫̫Щ̫ˣ˵ôÿһСӣôͣΪɶûнأǲ۹̫ߣͨĹﶼϣ
һ˵¶ҵһĲҶˣҪҽǸѾˣȷ
ĺܡ
̫̫˵һӹӡھһÿƯģͻݵģһæ˵ãѾϲˡ
һ˵̫̫Ȥʼҹ￡ĹŪҶ֪˵Щɶˡ
ҿĹҵľˣӡ˲پƲˣǸʲôݣٶȺܿ졣
Ʋ˰һӣˣΧԲ֮ϣӡкԷ
Ǿ͸һһ㣬һһߺȾƳԲˡ
ƵѮ̫̫ôĿǡ
ǳ⣬̫̫Ҳˣҵ㽫Ҹү˵ĵطǶ˵һ飬Ҫһڷĵطȥǰһ飬֪֪ط
̫̫һ˵¶ʱͲܵˣЩ˵үүڻ
Ӧһ˵Ҹүүڣһٶʮĸˣʮһֱ¶ˣҲ֪˼һš
һΣָ̫̫ܴĴ飬ǰҸռ޵ҵʱʱʮ꣬Ǹүүһ棬񶼹ȥʮˣʱĿ졭
ЩԾû뵽Ҹү˼ҡ
̫̫˵Ҫ˵үүǼ̫үĸɶӣ̫үܹ֮ϿǵĲͷҲΪүүԵʡ
˲䣬ҵİҲ˲ʲôڷ飬еԵɡ
̫̫˵һܣҲЩš
̫̫˵Ҳҵʱĳ˵ģ˵ǸүүһͲͨˣǴһߺ׵ŮʬĶĹ̥ǾŮʬĸʬүүʱһӤʱҵ̫үǺڷ븽һԻĳһ֮ɽԣȥ￴ûв׽ͿǸµĸүүƮ֮У֮һǻŵģʹ㽫ؼϰ;֮һֻͻסȥ·ֻͻȻ׶ȴΪӤǸүүҧˣʱ̫үΪϻǼ̫үɱģ˷ԲĴӢۣ˿ǵĲͷ
һ˵Ҿ͸оԴǱ˴һһ㣬ô붼ò˼飬ǸүүȻһĸʬĹӤһΪүүү׶أԭȻǡ
ҵĴ̼̫ˣһʱز
һӤʬĴ֮ôܻɻأ
̫̫ƺҵɻ󣬽ָ˵˵үӤҲźĸ飬Ѱҽһֱҵ置֮أһˣ֪ʲôӣӤСŵԻʲôʣǸүүһΣת֮ǰļ䣬˻
Ҳүү̫ˣ֮ˣԭôʣҵС˺ܶ࣬תˡ
˵Щ飬̫̫Ҳ겻ѣһԵĹӡҲĿɿڴЩ飬ƹӡҲͷһ̫̫˵
ò˵˸үү飬ָ̫̫˵˺ڷ룬˵ҪڷʲôطʶˣڷʱѾкڷˣϹӹΪǵطйܳûָ֮һֽɾɽ֮ǰ˳ûչʮ״Ĺ񣬽ȥͳɾɽǵطѾĲرˣľ˲٣пʧ٣ֵʱͳһѰ׹ǣûٸҿˡ


765 ˭ĺ
̫̫˵׹ֲҲڷ룬ԭںܾ֮ǰ͸֣һֹһΡ
һʹһЩˣ϶֪еıʣҾܶҲһҵڷ롣
֪˺ڷڣʮֻϲ̫̫ʾ˸л
Թٷ֮ұžȥɾɽǸϻµĹȵף̫̫͹ӡߣ˵ɶҲҪǼҶϼ죬ǿ϶ǲУٴ죬һ綯ȥɾɽ
˵˵ͬ
԰շûãӡ뿪ˣ˵ǼҵӹʶʶӡһһŮӴѧձҵûãڿǵĹϵͳһʵϰ̾ŮϾУһҪҵˡ
һ˵¶̫̫˾񣬻һӰŮƬ˳СѧѧÿεĶС
̫̫ĸó˵һЩŮСʱȤ¶ҿ˼ۣСӳˮ飬СǸӣǴѧʱƬĸӺÿˣӰƵģھУҲǸУ
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ڵݣұأӴˣͨˣʲôŮѣһӡ
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飬̫̫Ҳ̫Ҳ֪һЩҵһ˵ģ˵үҸүһɶ֮⣬һӣĸүѾܶˡ
ң̫̫Ҳûмĸү
Ҳ֪һжҲ֪֮£ʱˣһүүú̸̸顣
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һãйţ֪ģ˵ûѧܿͷźˣһЩʱյĻܼˣҲһʮָˡ
ȻķΧͦõģȴһָĸоѾͬһ˰ɣͼʶһܶҲ̫ܹĵһ
ÿ˶ÿ˵ȦѾ𽥸Щѽ룬Ҳһ𣬾ǵĻǡ
ͻȻԼһɷǣ˭һǿ϶Ҫùĸо
һ˴죬ܿͺͱ˵Ҫȥ¹ӳһ٣ú飬ǲģӽʱУҲ÷˵⣬Ҳ͸һȥˡ
ٷԵͦҵ˺飬ҲܸˣȻ֪ҵˣҹӡ̫̫ҲʶҵֶΣ㲻ٶǸʲôˣӦԷʱһӡһⵥλص飬Ϊӡ᲻֪Ȼȴ֪һЩ˵һĲţ֮ǰҲӴһЩҪʲô̾˵İҰӴ͸һЩŹֵʱ򣬱ŽںҲֻ̫֪һжҪȫŰˡ
Ȼָӡ˵үүھŵ쵼ҸʲôѴĻԸүүϵ
Щǲܸ˵ģǹҾ㲻ˣǼҵүֵһĽ飬ǼҺǾ䲻˵ѪŨˮҲǴϹͷŽ
̫̫˵ǼҵضүһˮѨɱＸ޲֣䲻ڴ󸻴Сǻеġ
ӡүүһ˵ҲǸ쵼ˣлһҪһ
үүһ𣬹ӦþͶ˽һˡ
ڤڤ֮УܻһֽԵֵĶ˭˵أ


766 ǰɾɽ
԰һֻصլ֮Уһ裬ٴ͵ºܸߣ˵ҪȥKҸˣ˵ʱ䲻ˣ컹ϰ࣬һû˯ҲЩˡ
Ҫ˵ӡ̫̫Ҳû˯ãһݣҲˣûǿǻ˵绰룬Լ´ټ뿪
ʱѾˣӡ̫̫ҲǹǷ죬󣬹ӡҴԺһͦɾķ˼֮˵һȥɾɽҺúϢá
Ӧһӡ뿪ˡ
˷ţص֮˴ϣͻȻ˸ү飬ûɵһңоͷ
ǲΣүүҺүүû˵үҲǷĵľأүү϶֪үүҲүĸɶӣûи
һֿʼ飬Ǿȥϻµ׵ǸɽȣҲ֪ܲҵ
ȻүйĵطȻĪ⣬Ѱ˺ѵǸطǡ
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˵һ뵽ҪȥˣﻹЩССļ˵ܹүүء
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ʦ֣ҴӻʱҲֻǾСڻǰյĵط϶ܻһʱÿ㽫˳ŵһЩͨéɽ罫ͻȥҸʦѾ˸飬ȥҿ϶᲻õġ
ֻܿԼˡ
ȺͶʦֶڲǿҲӦǿǣңΪǵ˺ѣҲŸӦñǡ
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˵ţӡݸһӣװĶոµϴˢƷ
ҵҵһ㣬ĪЩж
Ҽ򵥵ϴһ飬ݣ̫̫˺ãԣм򵥵СˣȽ嵭аõϡ̫̫࣬ЦеĿңæԷʱ򣬻һֱвˡ
ҴСûм̳ʲôӣ˿̿˼ңů⡣
һ̵ĸо
ʮֿɿڣҳ˺̫̫ܶ࣬Цϵƶչˡ
Թ֮ұǣ̫̫Щᣬ˵пվͻؼԼһ
ȫӦȻŹӡԺſڡ
ſͣһǹ飬һСʮˣҲͿġ
Сǽӹȥоϰģ尲ŹңԼ򳵹ȥϰ࣬Щⲻȥ¶ҲȻܣ̫Ե֣ЩģĸоЩ˶ĺãʱǷġ
СǱˣ·Ƚ죬˳֮Сĸ̸ֳܹˣȻǷˣЩʣЩҲ֪ģҺ͹ӡĹϵûйʣҪǸ˵ɾɽ飬˵ǸɾɽſǴԼһٶأϴһƬˣһ˵ǻ֯Ҫ֯һȥɾɽľΧһƬӲ඼ˣʱ򣬵ٴ￳ʱ򣬹½Ⱥ󲻶ʧ٣ҵʬʱȫ˰׹ǼӣҲ֪ʲôΪŪĻ̻̣ʱ滹һǹȥɾɽ鿴ȥһ˶ûгܹŵҲŵʧˣԺҲû˸ɾɽľˡ


767 ɽ﷨
飬֮ǰҲҵ̫̫˵С˵ĸһЩ
ĻʱҵȤһɾɽ
С˵Щɾɽûгֹʲôرֵ飬û˸ȥɾɽˣɾɽҪ˵ʲôر飬ǰ굹Ƿһ𣬾м͵ߣ˵ɾɽҰޣӽȥˣһɾɽʬ嶼ûҵ˳֮󣬾Щ˵ɾɽ˹˵Ҳ״εģȥĵط˰죬ʲôûҵһȴԵﱻѺ֮ǸɾɽǸЩаŵĵطͨ˽ȥҲûʲôֻԽߣԽ·˳ϲ˽ȥҪôҪôŵķ񲣬ֵĺܡ
оֶ㳹һɾɽèһصĲŸ¶ûɡ
С˵ͻȻ뵽һˣǸүү
ҾҲӦ֪ɾɽǺڷ飬һ֪үйԲŲ˶ɾɽ
Ҽүӵͦģصֵ˶£Ҫֹ鷢Ҳһ仰顣
Сһ·ȵʱ֣ǾɾɽıԵ
ԶܹһƬдеӣ˵ڶ죬Ҷ඼ˣҲܿƬкôһƬͷ
һʼʱ򣬻ɾɽĸСӣԽǿɾɽӾԽ٣ûˣûˣ·ûˣֻһЩȥɾɽ˲ȳļС
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ЦЦȻ˳Сʾ˸л˵͵Уʣµ·Լ߽ȥ
С֣Ȼ֪ʲôȴǶһСģȻһ绰˵ǵҴʱ򣬸绰ʱһؿǡ
˵ӵıԵźŵģ߸·źžһҲûˣ֪ΪųԵʻطźű֮ҪСġ
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С󷨣Ǳ洫ġϴҲЩأѲҵġ
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ǰһЩˣҾʹǬһЩȳͿȪˮպųһȻ·
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ԣ֮ұҵһ΢տڣȼһȡůȼ֮ûãܾͳ˺ܶĵ۾ĳ߿˹ЩǣЩǺ꣬һһͷ÷¹


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ʦǺ֣Դ񣬱ͷСҶ£ЩҰ޼ŵ˶ʦϵζҲҳ߿Ȼһǡ
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һɽͷһɽͷ߹Ҳҵ˼£ºܶ඼ϸүүҪôɽһ۾ܹףҪôɽȱڣ׾ܵȵס
үү˵ɽ½ϻ£ǧһףɽ泣ƣɽ滹кֲֵܶԻ٣һµıԵǹپǻһ㣬ϵ棬֮ء
Ҳ֪ô꣬Щٵ׻ڲڣϾһٶ궼ȥˡ
ЪϢһ֮ҼɽԽ룬һӵʱҵһ£ЩǸүү˵Ķϻ¡
ΪɽʮرȫǸƵĴɽֱͦͦģɽڱȽ϶ͣ޷ֻпǱһĵطһ··ߵͷһܴ¡
¾ͷ¶棬Ųֲ
оǶϻ£ҲܵɽµĶȥǹͻȻðҴӸ׽һֻСɽ򣬴Ǭ˱óһӣɽĲϣʹ¶ȥһȦ
ȻСɽ±ϴʮӣֺֽУûʲôðұ㽫Сɽ˹Լŵ˹ȥһµƣɾס
ʱҵĽŲͻȻһ


769 ɱ֮
˸ߵġ
Ϊ˷ֹϻĹ٣һ׽һͷСɽ̽·Сɽ±ϴʮӣֺֽеģٶûгҽվ±¿ôһ۾˵
Ųһʱæͷ¿סҽŲӵĶɽһֲͻȻǻһ㣬ֻһĹӵҵСȲλȫסˡ
ӿɲǣе̣һҵĽŲӾ൹̴̽ҵƤ棬ʱһ۵ĸоϮȫ
Ƭ̵ĵ飬æֽȥǬ˱ң͵һ¾ͽͭǮ˳콣ն飬һӿ֮£㽫סŲӵĹٸնˡ
նϵĹٱŽĲɫ֭ҺѪһʺҺ壬һɵѪζƮɢ
ȻϵĹٲûбն϶ȥ趯ҵƤȥʳϵѪ
ҶӶ˺ɫġ
ȥаŵֲ
˵ز˾ֲæתŶµһ౼ȥǸһתʱŵĵһˡ
һĹѾ˸Ĺ٣ٵ趯ľһһ㣬߿£˹
Щ˺Ѫǲһ뿪
Ҳ֪үôٵ»ġ
ͷƤһ飬ܿӦ֮ߣеͭǮͷһףʱ˱ͭǮɶʱͷֽ˼ʮöͭǮȻͭǮַͭǮֱӳǰǲ趯ŵĹɢȥ
ͬǹһ㣬ʮöͭǮͭǮǰסȥ·ĹٴϡãɫҺĴŽ
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬸ǰһӸˣʲôҡ
ͷһЩûĹ٣Ȼ֮ѾסҵǰʱȻ䷢ҳ
ҵϣʹһǧ׹˫ӱޱȳأûбǹٳȥ
ͬʱһ֣ɢڸͭǮͭǮҵУתһڽ⿪
ʱղͭǮ߰Ĺִ˺ܶ࣬һνҵ·סˡ
ҵ찡զ죿
ɱ֮޾Ĺ٣жЩˡ
׻˵ɽǰ·ҲǱƼˣһһ취ٵֽȥǬ˱ңʦִץ˳붼û룬ͳЩΪܼĵط˹ȥ
תԲϳϮĹһӿ
ڿЩٵͬʱĳźһȥ
ţʦϵһܹԸЩ˲ʤ䷳Ĺ١
֮ʯͷܿ˵Щֲֵˡ
ȻȫĶԸ±ϲĹٵʱѾƮһɱֲﱻζ
˵ٶҲԽԽˡ
˳±׵ľʱ򣬾ͿһƬڣð̣϶ǶʦֵĽ
̲סͷһۣЩȻܶ඼ʦָˣȴɺηĳŶʦϲϵĲƣʦֲŲæֻǻĳǰţðĻӵȣЩٸʦֵߣѾˡ
Ҽӿ˽Ų˶ʦֵǰ˶ʮף˰ȫش
ʦתͷһ±ߣ˶˶壬ֳһ˯Ŀһۣƺһ˿Ц⣬Ȼſﲻˡ
Ľٴ˯˹ȥ
򱻸ղŵһĻһ亹һƨ˵ϣڵĴϢ
ЪϢ˺һҲŸоСȶӴľʹͷƣȶϵĹѾȫ˳֮ɫ
СĽЩһһİ˳˵ϣǹڵ˺һû˶
ÿγһСع٣Ƥĳһ飬۵졣
ӹȥеĹ֦ҶҲɾһ˫СѪģ
һʼǹĵ̴̽Ƥ֮еʱƺܹڳһЩأҵ˫ȷ飬ʧȥ֪
ڣŴүٶֵʣɶڲ֪ͻˡ
ҿжʦְæҪȻһҢǰĸ֣ҲһܹӶ´ȫˣ̫ôˡ
Һүү˵һ죬үûӳٵֱӱ棬˴˱£һų˶ϻµףֻǸѾڣȥ·һûүǰĺ


770 ֱ
ЪϢƬ̣ٴοǶϻµʱЩ趯ݵĹѾѾή˶ϻµ棬һ΢紵ЩٵҶӣľֻͨɽһ㿴޺˭Ҳ벻ǳ˺Ѫֲ
ϻµмһĺɫӡǣǱʦչĺۼղЩٻ뽫ʦһϻµףǱϷգǰͺ̣ηǹӷľͷ;ú¡
ڶϻ¸ЪϢ˰СʱĹ⾰Żһ
ڶ죬ҴıȽϺʵһЩҪȻ϶˵ĸء
ʵһʼҾӦϸ۲һµģ⺮µģϻ澹ȻһƬдеֲӦþùŹ֡
̫һЩ
һڹһ£ٴվſڵϵĶʦ·ŽǬ˱֮С
ûǶϻˡ
ȴܴӶϻֱȥүү˵Ҫȥϻµףʵһ·ǶϻΧһɽֱͨϻµס
ǲҾˣʰһ£һЩֹѪҩۣұ뿪Ĵ˴ŶϻµȥʼΧһƬǸɽ
ϻ·Բʮ֮Ⱥɽƣµ׿϶ҲкܴһƬռ䡣
ǸܴĻơ
¶ϻµµʱ򣬶Ѿһˣ⼢Ǭ˱֮һʳһ̲ͣļΧѰҡ
ȻʮΣϴһƬ룬Ҫҳһֻһ˲ŽȥСڣô׵飬ǶﻹѪأ붼ÿֲ
һֱҵɫ΢ڣҲûҵүү˵Ǹڡ
Ҫط̫ˣұһ·ŴɽԵϸǶգϺˣطֲﲢûǱȫήһְ״̬һǿݲݣ滹ЩɫľҶұͭǮЩĲݴӣһһ鿴ɽûɽ൱ʱ䣬æ˼СʱҲ߳ɽ·
ɫһұ㲻ƬҴײֱһɽǰһ𣬿ʼĿУͬһһǽʦִǬ˱֮ȡ˳ͷҵߡ
žɽ֮Уҹ
żܹҰ޵Ľܿ͵۾߿˹
඼ǴһһͷӣĻǡ
ЩҰʮּɵʦɢĺֵϢЩŵӳ߿ڰ֮ĵطŵĵͷȥˡ
ǰҹల£Ǹոչҹʱһ͸оЩƬֲֿ֮ĞųٴҵϣָоǺµͷһˮҲĻһ顣
ôʲôҪŪҰɣ
ǾƾɢϢҪŪҵĻƸһֻǰףȻֻǶһĽ͵͵ĿңûһĶ
ֱ˿ӵĸоܲá
΢΢۾ҪȥʱƺѾǰ˾ĿŲڿҡ
ҲٿʱĿٴϡ
͸壬ȹǰǸҪֲٱ񣬻ֵģ
ƺӦϢһֱſߵĶʦֶʱܵˡ
ǺĽ˼ñӳҵӶ£ҡ
תͷ˶ʦһִۣʱѾ΢΢һ˿âл⸡
ȻʦҲĿ⿴ĺܲڡ
ĶʦֻܵʲôûпǽȴԵЩˡ
ʦֵԴʾҪ
ΪԷʵ̫£ȻֻǶڰ͵͵ңǾͿˣֲ⣬ల£õĽ
ʦҵİ½ƽܹоʦֵҲ΢΢
ܹöʦĺҲоηĶɼжôˡ
ұ۾ᣬС
ԼĪӵĹ⾰âڱĸоˣһΣ񿿽ңѾһ֮ڵķΧˡ
𡭡
һŭҴſ־ĺһʱĶʦѾ˻棬Ԥ׵վŲԶһƬɽֳ˳ȥ
Ƕ̫ԵʣʦֻУҪǶϿֱӾŭǵĿɨķ˹ȥ
ʦ֡ҺһҪֹһʦѾȥ˶ʮס
ҲöʦֹգҲվ׷Ŷʦֵķȥ


771 ɽ
ʦܵķɿ죬׷ᣬһ׷һöʦָϽͣĶʦָͺͷһ㣬ҵĻţɷɿ졣
ʦһ׷ȥʮ׵ʱͻȻ䣬ǰһʲô뿪ٶȷɿ졣
ĻһգۼͲӰ
ʦֵĽŲûͣ׷ǵοٵ뿪ԴӸҼʦٶһΣѾˡ
Һܿ߶˵еĹ򣬽ż̤ŵƶԽԽ죬˺ӾǷһ㣬żŻĲݶһξ룬һʱ֮Ҫһٴο񱼶
һҵҲܹ϶ʦֵĽŲԶԶĺ׸ţҲڸȥ
Ҳ֪ʦСȱٶզô죬ȫɡ
ڻҰɽ֮Уһ׷ȥҲʮأԽ׷ԽԶѾʼ׷ȥҿ϶·֪ʲôط϶Ҫ;ͷۡ
ҵǵǣһֱҵǸûҪΪҵ˼ʦôһ׷һǶҪˣͣǸɼܣҺͶʦְһٳʮƶĶ֣ǱųֵĸоҸүү쭵ʱ򣬶û˿ֲĞų
⾿ʲô
ѵ˵һֱҵҵүɣ
һ뵽Ҳľϸһ룬־ò̫ܣҵүĻҲڶ϶һ۾ϳΪùķǷϵϢȻϤڿ۾ܡ
һ·׷һ·룬ǰ׷ľʱ򣬶ʦͻȻͣվԶˡ
Ҳͣ˽Ų۵ߵ˶ʦֵ
ʦִ˿ɻڣһ˫۾ͣĳɨӣʮ־裬ҲȻڷѰʲô
ҲûдŶʦִ֣Ǭ˱֮нͭǮ˳Աʱ֮衣
ʱٴ΢΢ı۾Ğų仯ȴʲôûио
Ǹʦ׷ŵĶʧˡ
ʦվԭĴѰһҲñţһ֮󣬶ʦֻͷһңȻͳĳ첽˹ȥ
ʦֺʲôıӱҵĞųӦҪĶࡣ
вʱǳƬӣһɽǰʦ־ͣȻתңҺĽ˼
˹ȥԣʱ򣬶ʦһžײɽڡ
ٶһһҪɱô
һͷײɽϣǺ֣ҲŰǣ
һûüֹʦһӾ˹ȥȻȴûǰ㣬ʦֱɽʧˡ
ʱҲϸȥԭʦɽϵŵһĲݴӵĺ档
Ҳ˵Ĳݴӵĺһɽ
龰ϲǲΰ룬ѣһָоĲݺɽӦþǸүү˵Ǹֱͨϻµ׵Ǹڡ
ԡǸһ˫۾ļһｫʲôĿأ
ǵҸֲóȻǰ˵źܴΣա
ʦִһȥǾɽѪǿͱˡ
뵽æͭǮǰĲݴԣŶʦ˽ȥ
ɽһƬڳˣĻ֮Ҳκζ
ڣ͸һֵ繦ֻܵһֱûãһֹػ״̬Ҵֻ֮ǰС
ֻݵһ˲ŶУǸӵĻһ˼ȥǿС
ǰ˼Ȼʣɽࡣ
ʮԶһսǣߵǸطʱ򣬾Ϳʦֶڵһ۾ֱĿǰϵĻѾϨˣɺͮͮģһָ߶Ƚ䱸״̬
߹ȥʱ򣬶ʦתͷһۣĽȻһҧסҵĿȣҳ
ɽöʦηĶ֪ҽΣգҪ뿪
ˣôȥ
Ҹүү˵Ǹͨϻµ׵Ķأ
ҽʦֱԴһװǬ˱֮С
үү˵ˣ˿϶ɽҿԣΪϴүķ֮ⷨүϢɽܹʶ𣬿ǶȥôˣЩҲ˵׼ұʱ˳׼
ʦ֣һֱߣЩ϶ͲʶˣȻһϣ˳һˣҾͿˣԣΪ˰ȫҾûǽʦĺá


772 Ѫ
ʦǬ˱֮һǷʬߣһéɽ壬үүùģȻմȾүϢ࣬ϣɽѪܹүүһһ֮ҾܹһɽĴˣ;ÿ£϶ʮ׳ۡ
һ֮ͳɽȥ
һʼǶ·ŵЩģɢһصĳζԽߣζԽŨвʱֻâҫ£ͻȻ߰ɭɭĹͷӺɽߵ֮ϣЩǼѾķ֮УɢĲЩʱ䲢̫ΪﶼִС
ЩɭɭĹǼܣһ飬С˵͵Եɾɽһˣ˳ȥǾʧһԶЩ׹֮УӦһ߱ǵùĸǡ
⣬ǻɾɽɭ֣ʧ˺ܶˣЩʧٶûбֵˣҲЩˡ
Ƕɽͼıͼˣܵͽ䡣
ǧֻгһѰ׹ǡ
ֲ붼˲
ǰһξ룬ɽٴαĿͬʱҲЩһֱĴ澴ηѪ
Ǿ͵ҵͷ֮ϣһֱ쵽ԶԶ
Ѿ׼Щ˵еѪʱһĺëɸֱ
Ҳ̫һЩ飬ֹǧ
ЩѪ۾ͮͮģһкǰ˸ĺ⡣
ͷ֮ϣɫСݣͨ˼㳡ƵͷܣԶԶ뿪
Ҳ˺һվפã¶˾ģ˽ŲСĳǰȥ
Ҫѧүı£ͱһض˷˵ĻҲûȥүүˡ
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̤ЩȺʮ׵ľʱ򣬽·ĶƺЩľмֻӶ߷˹
ʶľǬ˱нͭǮγնɱһǿסԼһɱ⼸ֻ𣬱Ȼһɽľʱһ˹ַҾͻᱻгһѹǼܡ
ֻܹӦǧǧ𣬼Ǵ޽ڴˣҲκβá
ǼֻҷɹʱʶĽеéɽͷʬ߾סԴ
ѧʱѧ۾ʹǰһ㣬ӦΧĴڣҪǿ״Ǹһϰоġ
ԣɹʱվһ
Ǽֻͷ˺һҴŵӿһۣŷЩĸͷ֮ԶһӥƵģгצҲ쳣
˺һ֮һֻͷͻȻҵļϣǷצסҵļιǣ۵ֱ
ǼֻѪ֨֨Ľиͣʱ˽׼
ҼϵѪҼͷһ˳ӣսŵķʬߣı΢΢⶯˼£ͻȻһƺЩӶ΢΢Щˡ
ֻѪתԴһ˫ͮͮĴ۾ֱĿҵŵĻӲˣҲŵӳһֻۣѪ𽫱Ӷҵ˺һŲһͷеéɽ塣
ţѪһסҼצ͵һͽҵļͷץѪ۵Ҳгһסˡ
ţѪӦϳΪλҪŪأ
ɻ󲻽ʱѪ̧צӣһצϵѪĸˡ
û뵽ǣѪȻЩǵë޵Դϲ˼£ȻȻɽ֮С֨֨Ĵ˼
һ߽ţֻѪ㳯ɽĸ˹ȥɽеʱ򶼿ʼ
֨֨ĽһƬͣ
ͷǼֻѪܿҲ뿪ߣɽ˹ȥ
ΣˣȻһ亹
ЩǴȷҵ֮󣬲ɽ߶ղֻǵɽȥˣʾⲻҷ


773 ϻµ
Ȼ֮ΪѪǿ϶ǶѪҺʮУղŸͷֻѪץҵļȡһЩѪƷһ£ȷұүĺ
ΪŴүĻѪҺٶ֣ڳˣٻҲ֤ݵĶ
ʬߺéɽԴӱҵѪüٵġ
ǼֻѪҶȥҲЩ
ֱңѾЩѪϿɣɽ߶ˡ
ɲдȵĶʱ̶Щ𱣳žη֮ġ
ԽǰߣԽľѣɽ֪ж೤ʱʱխߺͣ͵ʱҪͨԴܹЩë޵ļһоǲá
ڣЩûҪҵͼǣҲֻǡ֨֨Ľұǰߡ
Ǻһ㣬ʱûŲӣһ㣬ʱʱĽ»ܳһЩӲ඼ǰ׹ǣЩͷ˵ģҲиֶģЩҲȥʳ
ż̧ͷʱЩҲܣǼˣụɣʮֲңֵġ
Ҳ֪ɽ˶ãɽʼԽԽխˣͷϵҲԽԽ٣һ϶ܹݵһ˼ȥ
Ƭ̣ɽ֮ǰӲһ硣
ʱѾЩˣͷ֮ƣǵĿȻһ¡
뿪ɽǰ˼ٴλͷȥ겻ѡ
طҲ˭һ·֮ϣҲ֪˶𣬼ֻӦеģЩѪĹʮǿǶô󲿶ӣҲԽɾ
ҳڶʮΣڳڴţһһ򵱹Ī˼
˿̣ڵλãӦþǶϻµĹȵˡ
ƵڣǰʱҲǸȵףƬɽȸһȣ޷Ტۣﲻ֪Ҫ϶٣ֲҲȫһ
ʮ֣طֲдУԴΡ
ط¶Ҳࡣ
ұ۾һµĿֱθپ̨һƬ
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éɽĶ츣ҲȥһȣҲ˺öࡣ
ҲˣΪʲôүֵطУ°빦ˡ
Ƭ̣Ҷһķ羰˽ŲĿĵɽ֮
˿̣˫֮մȾ˲ķ㣬Ҹˮϴһ˵
ϴôߣ治һ顣
һߣһߺĳţһжҵĿ⣬Ǹֲﻹжȫһ
Ҫ˵ﲻͬһصǸͷر
еľҪʮ˲ܺΧһֻС泤ܸèһС
ܵԲŻ
ЩֲҸûмóȥһܹרѧоһӡ
һƣڵ˶ϻµɽ֮Уʱһɨա
һȴͷƣϣһֱÞųҵľʲôأ
Һûʲô⣬ûУƺڰңûҵڵ֮£˶ʦֵע⣬һ·׷ǲҵڡ
ǰ֮ǰĽȵĻƻҪҸҵ
ǳڵԣһܹҵ
ڰң˭أ
Ҳ˸ղǸסѪɽҪȻʦҲһֱ׷
Ҳ˵ǻټĿܡ
ԴҽϻµĹȵ֮һֱЩ߰飬˶еš
үү˵ѧ£ҪүϿɡ
ǽˣȥѧôܹõүϿأ
ƵǣүүȻ֪үû
طҲмʮûˡ
ˣҪ룬ͷȻֱҵվҵģҵҲǿ
Եѧү£Ҳע顣
ǰ˴Լ·̣һƬïܵĻĲݴӣЩĲݱһҪߣи·
ƬĲݴԸǷΧǺܹ㣬˾ͷ֮ҿһƬˮݣǱ˹ȥ㽫ӻϴ
ǰˮǺܴҲмʮƽңˮƮɢһ㵭һʯͷϣЬʼϴȣʱ򣬹Źֵַˣˮ֮оȻðһݳ


774 
ʱһ仰³Ϊ
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ҵǬ˱֮˺ܶණϴ·Ьǿ϶ǲȱģЬҲҪˣȫʺΣӰ
һ˫մȾζĳЬӶˮ֮Уûմˮ棬ͻȻ䣬ˮ֮бһž޴ˮһȻˮԾȻſ˴ͽһ˫Ь̽
˸ȥ
ʲô
ζأҵĳЬܳԵȥ
ٴ˼һֱ֣ӴǬ˱нͭǮ˳
ȻҵĳЬ֮¾˰ߣһ˫ɫ۾¾ɨ˹
ʱҲſķһﳤЩ㣬Դȴ棬һʷǰƵģ³˺ۼףһ;޶׶
һ۾ʮر𣬸ղŻɫתһֱ֮տɫûô࣬ʮֺ档
棬ûĶ볢óԲóԲǣ
ЬܳԵȥǰûӦζҲ
϶뷨
ԣƬ֮￪ʼҷҵĽֻǴɽһצӿٵڵߣſͳҧ˹
ﳯ˹ʱ򣬲ԶˮٴðһݣȻֻͬһСˮ˳ҷ˽
ȥŸսȵף͸һطҲһܴģҪڴ˴УҪЩ汾²С
ڲϺ˵ͬʱеͭǮ׷ɶͣͷ֮ϣͭǮҷ־Ĳٿ̷ֽ֮⿪ҷͭǮֻȫ˹ȥ
ͭǮͭǮǴ˵ϣȻ͸׵С
Щϣȴˡ죬ȫһһ˳ȥͭǮҲ޷Ƿֺֻ΢һ£˹
һ龰ҶʱŵĻ겻塣
æջͭǮתźȥ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһô׳Ĵ붼û룬±ȥʱǼֻѾߣڵ²ͣȦӡ
ųһգҿЩﻹûĵزܹҪȻҿɾͲˡ
ǼֻΧŴת˼ȦĽʮ֣ЩСĿһֻ֮ͷһΣͳôײ˹
أ˵ҲܹϱȻײľҡµҶӡ
µǣļֻҲʼжַ󣬲ͣײô
Ҳ֪ǺõʱͻȻоһȳ֮Ʈ˹ʱĺë߸֪ΣյľȻʮָߵģڸожʱæתͷȥǲĶ˳һҴȻİߣųӣĳ߶Ҳ׵ľˡ
ҵĸԹԣߣô
ôһ㶣ǰ˽ļƣεͷ­һҪҵ
Ĵһƴûˣ붼û룬ֱӴǴȥȻ󷭹˵ϡ
ǼֻɵĹʱ쵽ûˣתìͷٴγ˹
ͬʱɫҲϿٵһ²סܵһԴĹޣſѪ죬һھҧסǹԴ
ԴĹ޸ͬ
Ǳˮܶٶһ
Ǳ׷ɽﵽܣֵָþųʲôϡŹֵ
ԣβˣֱӴǬ˱óҵĴɱ
ʦ֣ξͿˡ
˯еĶʦٴαҴǬ˱ק˳Ҷǰ׵ĵط
ʦǸԲһ˵ϣͷĺĽ۾
ǼֻԴĹһ±˶ʦֵߣͣ
ǿ϶Ҳûмʦļһһ˫۾һɫһտɫŶʦֿͣ
ʦֳķʷ֣̬䣬ζ϶Һöˡ
Ƕʦ۾̴֮ӵ˶մȾĻĲݣƶȻ
ɽĹĲᲢۣǸܵ˶ʦǺֵϢҲǶôη壬һ˵һȥһſھͽʦ̽


775 ˵
ʦǹ޵ĿУжʱһս޲ʤĶʦ־Ȼǹһˡ
⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
׽һµ˼ûУԴһ̧ʦ־͹Ķ
ţһΣٴγ˹
һЩ㱣ⲻܹ֣ޣﲻʹ
ȻҷҵĵǶģʦֲĿǸս޲ʤļһ
ǳԴĹֻǰľ룬ͻȻſڵʹķڱ֮ð̣ӵĹǹ޾ſڵϲˡ
ѾȥĹſʦ־ʹ˳һӣСűҵǰסͷԴĹޡ
ɶʱ䣬ʦϵ˲ڶ𣬱׷ҵͷŵĽŲһ١
ʦӭǰ
ϵϵĻĲȫȼˣȵ˴ڶͷڸܵ˶ʦϵĿֲת첽Уˮ֮С
ԶɫԭѾ̵һͷޣչ磬Ҳͬܵ˶ʦǿ֮ŵˣֱӿߵ߽˲ԶĻĲݴУܿʧ
ΣʦϵĻٵϨˡ
ʱߵǾ߱ʦĹߣϸ
ý£޵ѾĺᣬǲӲۼ֮⣬Ѫȫʦָչˡ
ΨӲۼûбջ١
ʦϵ֪֮ģ˵ʯͷܿȻ޵ۼȴ𣬿ɼۼҲһ
һ΢΢һЦҽ޵ۼһ·ϣƴʱ򣬼ǵ棬ǿ϶ҲǺܹ޵ۼս۵ˣҵʶǶ¡
ôһۼףĻײֹһף׬ˡ
һֽǹ޵һƤֱӷŽǬ˱֮С
Ǭ˱Ŀռ˵ҲҪһһƵģװ£Ҳǿţ۲˷Ѳǣ
ۼ֮ʦָûװǬ˱֮У֮Ҿ;ɽ֮п϶к֮ܶƵĹ޿϶ҿ϶ԸˣʦóŽȥĺ鷳һֱš
ǺұŶʦٴˮԱߣϴһ£ʼգˮĹҲûǱʦָˡ
ֵһ˵ǣϴȲʱ򣬷һر飬Ǿڶϻ±߱ǹٴ˵˿Ѿȫˣ˰ӲģԼȻڳˣܹٵ˿ڣǲܺõô죬ҸоӦĹͣķһرҩģҹɰǮܸߣܹЩҹɰ˵ȥҲһˡ
Ȼ¶Ҳֻ룬ҿɲ뱩¶ط
һɾ·֮ұŶʦּɽ֮ĿߣĿǰҲֻүүҲûи˵ܹѧү¡
Ҵ˴һƬľԣϡŹֵҰޣһȺڹľߣͷһͷͨѩ׵ǣʮ䣬߸ʮͷСţƵĻëǡ
ԭЩҪҵ鷳ѾΧм䣬ֻǵҽʦַڵ֮ϵȼ֮ȺǻëŵըתĴӡ
ҲЩͶȡɵĳɷ֣ûжʦ֣Ǵ粽УЩɽҰ޸̻ˡ
һƬľԣԶһƬдеӡ
ľĴ󣬱֮ǰЩҪ֦ҶïգУܻһɭɭĸо
ƬֵĻһ·̣Ӧþͻᵽɽµˣʱͺ
ҹز̫ƽ
ڸߴĴͷʱʱĴĻ̌ͷʱ򣬵ЩҲǧ˹֣ɫͷչһɶЩҲҶ֣ͷһ֮ƺǸоʦֵĴˣԶߡ
֮;ʱ򣬲ԶͻȻ˴򶷵죬һʼΪʲôҰڲʳƿԼ鷳ԼԼк˵Ǵط˹
ط֮⣬ôأ
Ҿ޴ȤǱСıŶʦ˹ȥҪǲˡ
ǰ˴ԼмʮףҲһôĺ棬ڿզһĻǰʮ׵ĵطһȺ˶ҰΧһһµ̫̫̫̫ƺˣһֱѪֹ


776 ҰȺ
Χ̫̫Ұͷĳ棬ǴĴţƵĸͷҲ߰˰ٽأͷһЩǧأҴɨһۣЩҰʮͷһȫŷȫǺɫëë֮մȾһ֬ͣȻǾĥ䣬մȾ˲Ϸڳ֬֬ͣγһı㣬ǹѾ
ʮͷɫëĴҰһ̫̫Χм䣬̫̫һҲǸˣһѱڵϵҰѾʮͷȴûһѪ
ˣеǰѱҲûմȾѪ
Ȼ̫̫ʮѾˣϵ˿ڴĿģѪһֱͣʣڵеǰѱǰһֻվһֻŽż⣬ƶѾʮѡ
ڣȺҰ̫̫άһֵֽľ档
ͷһֻҰһǧٽ˺󲱾쵽βʹĵطһɫë֮⣬ĵطȫīɫ
ͷֻҰֱ̫̫ȻȺҰͷҿģͷѾˣӦЩеġ
Ұͷһ˫ڵС۾ֱĿ̫̫С۾ﺮ䣬ƺһ֮ͻȻͳһأƵģӨѩ絶ٵܶһС̹Ƶĳ˼˹ȥ涼΢΢ζ
ҰҲķһͬų̫̫˹ȥ
һĻҲЩҰĸͷ֮ģ֣֮ޱ𺳵ǣϻµôأ
үүἰˣҵĹ۲죬ϻͱڣǧ಼ã²Ūһֱ˷
ҪǸһ𶴵ĻǾ͸ˣҵˣҪֱڵ졣
һ֮ȺҰ̫ս졣
ͷ̫̫˹ȥʱ򣬵̫̫еĳŵһ㣬ųĵ͵ĵɶƮȻһͷҰϣеĳûдЩҰǳЩҰȥ
һȥ죬ϸֳһ֮еҰֱͦͦĳһԷȥڵϣҲû
ֶΣ
̫̫ı£Ҳһͽкһ֮ȻشǧҰķȥҾ֮䣬ֱӽҰһŽ
ֲûпЩҰѪʳԭǱ˼еĳġ
̫̫Ҳ֪ЩҰƤ񣬵Ҳκβǣְֻ취ܽɱ
һ֮£̫̫еĳͷҰվҰϵҡҡλΣȻΪȲ˿ڣʧѪ࣬Ѿ֧ˡ
ӱߵǣͷҰͻȻƺһֱеҰͬһʱ䶼ſ˵ϣ̫̫һЩվȣҰƴֱҰϣٴγ̫̫ײ˹ȥ
̫̫鼱֮䣬ٴǳĵһߣһ䣬յĶ˹ȥҰһžһϣײǴֱ죬Ҷ׷ɣ΢΢ĳһбȥ
ô
תҰٴƺһҰȫɢֻмļͷҰվԭر̫̫ЩҡҡλεǼͷҰԾԴסΡ
ЩҰЩӵģȻð󣬲̫̫֮أͬʱͷҰתٴһ̹Ƶײ˹ȥһΣͷҰײͬ飬һ¾ʹ͸ͬ壬ֱӱ˳ȥʬ
׺ľͷҿҲ಻ѡ
ǼͷҰ֪̫̫ԼϣֱڵϣҵĴһֻ̫̫ôЩҰԾײײĳΧȥȲ̫صԵʣһΣֱӵ˵ϡ
̫̫ҾٴγΧȥҰץסʱǿϷŹ̫̫˻һٵĳ̫̫ײ˹ȥ
̫̫ͷӵ¶һֵɫӲȥˡ
Ұٶ̫ˣľһ硣
ۿҰҪ̫̫ѹȥ
еͺһ⣬˿Ҳ˲̫̫ʲôˣǾҪ£ֱӽͭǮҰ˹ȥת˵еͭǮһâ죬ಡһҰľջ֮ϡ
ͭǮڷǣ֮£ٶޱȣû룬һ¾ʹҰΪĵط


777 ìת
ͭǮҰľջʹԼҲŵľջһ
ڿ֮еҰˡ໡һҽУ۵ԭתȦӣͭǮûȫȥֻǽȥһͱסˣټҰ׳ͭǮֻ˾ʹûΣ
ڴ棬άͭǮҪ͸Ұ壬ʹ˳̵ôҰĸӿ
֮£ֻͭǮ˳ͷҰͷ֮ϡ
ͻȻıʣñѾھе̫̫ܵһ˿ãȻĳɨһۣҲô档
Ȼ̫̫Ǹ֣ܿҵλá
˴ҰЩ£һ˫С۾ɨһȦ֮һƨ˵ϣǹƵģǸоôô졣
Ұûзʲôطȴа취ҳĽЩҰȫɢͷѰҿ
ΣҰûٶԸ̫̫˼ǽìȫתƵ˽˵ϣǸȻҡ
ЩҰ٣ٻʮͷԷɢһ֣Լ߰ͷ˹ٶȣҿ϶ЩҰĶ֣ȣ
ҿһԵĴЩҰԥĳȥ
ãһͱ¶ԼΣֻҰ໡һɤӣԭĴѰҰȫ£˹ΧҲô֮¡
ЩҰĿ̫̫֮ųվ𣬳߿˹ɫЩɲ뷨һ㣬εڣΪʲôͻȻһİˡ
̫̫ҵʱѾһͦߵϣҲͬʱ̫̫˵šЩ߰ɣٲ߾ˡ
̫̫ҵЩ㶣һ֮תͷߡ
˼̬ȣЩ벻ô˵ҲǾһ㼴ǲæҲ˵ллɣҲƴһ
ȻƬ֮Ҿ;ԼЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ˼ҲûߣһĴȥ˸ٴοߣңң˵СӡôģԴ֮󣬻ûпİ
ⶼʲôʱ򣬻Ҫ˵ʱͻȻôȻһ£ԭֻ˿Ұݺݵײһ£һʱضɽҡҶ׷£߰˸˺ΧܱĴ΢΢бһ¡
Ұ֪Ҹղ͵Ϯں޲ýҸŪһߴţһ߷˷ײŴЩҰҲͦ˼׷׵ԴӺͳʼŵϵĹôΧٳһӡ
˫£ٹӣôҪЩҰŪڵء
᧿Σٴγ̫̫˼ҸϽܰˡ
̫̫ҲЩˣ˵Сӣһôܶ㲻ܣˣô죿
㲻ùңа취һܱȫǿ
˵УһݺݵײٴбһЩϵö඼ЩҰ˳ֱһȫڵС֡
ˣֻзųʦˣҲ֪ôҰʦܲӦùҰԶѾɾˣһ浣ĶʦֲĶ֡
ҲΨһİ취ʵڲУֻƴˡ
ҽг˯ĶʦֻѣͶ˹ȥ
ʦˤҰȺһƨնҡҡλεվܿһۡ
ͻȻһʱΧЩҰľһȫͣ˶Ŷʦ߿
˵ʦָЩҰ΢ôһЩơ
ãʦֵĵطҰǰҰһ£˶ʦ֣ʦֻ˻ԴҲҰ
Ŀԣһ±Ƶı顣
ҰŵӳŶʦֿ˳ڶʦ£ʦƺܵΣգ˲ĳ죬ơ
ʦֵһչ¶ŵҰϵëֱæŵ˼
ǣҰƺЩģûжָʹΧͷҰŶʦֿ˹ȥ
ʦ֣ɱǣϴ󺰵
ʦϵһӾ;ȼһſڣһСʹӿ籡ԼһͷҰȥ


778 ֮
ͷҰܵʦϵ֮ʱ򣬾Ѿ˲ԣʱӣֻٶȻһģʦֵԪһײͷҰϣ䡱һ죬ҰϾͱһųɫĻҰ˿ɢһɿζͷҰȽϽļͷҰҲܵ˲մȾһЩ棬۵Ĵ󺰴еڵϷðں̡
ͷʦ³ĻеĴҰҲͼӵĹͱճһѻҽɢ˵ϣһɢƮʣˡ
֣֮ЩҰ޵Ŀǡ
ޣҰһȣͲһεġ
ҷҸղŶڶʦֵĵЩˡ
ʦ¶һ֮ͷҰŵĻëٴθֱգۼĹ򣬵һתŸʦ෴˷˳ȥ
ٶȣԱеһƴ
ҰһϴˣĻвܵĵ׷װųɢȥӵĹ⾰ڵģȫûӰ
Σҳһ
ѽҿжʦڣֱ޵еĴɱԸҰ޴ûаܵʱֻ࣬пķ
ҳܲ鿴һۣҲûʲôΣ֮󣬲Ŵϻ
ûãǿôˡ֨֨죬һԵȥ
ЩҰרҵĺܡ
о仰˵ĺãͻз
һͷҰҪǷϻҪ£ҽǼʶˡ
֮ҽѾȥĶʦֱ佱һʦƺܹҵĻƵģ۾ţãֻû˵䣬ʦֱһ۾һεĳ˯ȥ
ʦֱ˻һ̫̫ķ˹ȥ
̫̫˿վһϣϵѪһֱʣ˳ŴһֱɫԵʮֲ԰ס
վ£̫̫һۣ˵šɣЩҰѾˣ
̫̫Ӹ£һĶʦֿһۣЩԾʵСӣ㻳ﱧŵʲô
ޣ˵ûУ
λ˼ңҲûʲôΪҾãȻܹεɽ֮У϶Ƿ֮ʶȻһ㣬˵ٻҲûбҪ
еĻޣ̫̫ƺЩŵһ顣
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǡ
̫̫һ֣ʮֿ˵лλСӴ㣬ƾЩĿˡ
̫ˣֻǾ֮ͣҲܼȲǣϿɣҰϵѪֹס
̫̫˵ͷӴ˳ֽ˼ҽסķ˵ϡ
ͻȻ䷢֣̫̫ݹ᾵ģȴأʮѹ֣Щ֣μ棬ҲЩ⡣
̫̫֮Ǭ˱֮нѦС߸ҵֹѪҩ˳̫̫Ȳ˿һЩֹסѪֹ˿ڡ
ָ̫̫һѪĵҩ¡
̫̫ǵҩȴŵǬ˱ңɵ۾һȻǶⷨЩԾ⡣
һţ˵ллȻһڽҩ̷ȥ
ѦС߸ҵҩ϶õģ˼˵ҩ֮һС죬ɫܿͻָһЩѪɫ
ʱ˼ҲſңʵСӣ˴ǻ֮أԴӼʮǰ˴УҲûм˽طգĴ¶ڣνģ
Ҿ֪϶⣬бźˣ˵ҼҲڴ˴йһСӣط滹һͨ˴ܵһǹȡġ
̫̫м٣˵ͷٴεǺˣ˵˵ʶء
ҺǺһЦֱӷ˹ȥ˵Ҽһټʮǰڴ˴УӦòʶ
ſڣҲʳҵ⣺ţʲôʱģεأ
˵üʮˣʱʱᣬѾϳģһЩԦ֮ͨһɽģϢԲŻల¡
ҵ˵ͷڴҲûٶʣҲȷ˵ĻǼ١
ٴ˵˼ңסʲôطȥɣӣ߶ˡ
ǾСˣסĵطﲻԶҲ·̣ҼﻹһͷأһܸʶʶСȻܹߵȻҲǷˡ


779 Դ
ǫӦ˵ҲֻǻԵɺϣӻ֮дһֻޣҲû뵽ֻͣǾÿԴţûڣҲ֪˼ˣҲܹĳΪʵ̫ǳ
̫̫ǺһЦ˵СӵҲʵڣ͸͸ϵףѵͲ̫ɱ֮޺ϵǰ𣿡
˵һȴһѰģ˵ôᣬſŴüĿһǴˣ˵ˣҪɱҵĻղֻܾˣںҵҰҸɱˣٻֳɱǡ
̫̫ȴǸЦģֵСӣ׻˵ĺã֪֪治֪ģնϲ⣬һףͱӵ˵ǣǧ򲻿׵ű˲ǣӦŵֻԼ֪
ôо̫̫˵ǳٽѵһ㣬Ī˶һЩ֮УǺЦ𰡣š⻰˵ģҶ첻ұؼˣ㱳ͱҵӡ
̫̫΢΢һЦ˵㿴𣿡
񣬷ҿһҲ񣬼˼ˣҲֻˡ˵ţȥ֣Ҫ˼ҡ
ұԼʱҿ̫̫ԵĶһ£ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻֻһţҲҾ۵ס
֣Щ֡
̫̫ץסҵ֣Ҷӣ̫̫ſҵĺϡ
̫̫ʱͻȻþһɽѹƵģ쳣أ˵ôһݵ̫̫ҵĸоҲ߰ʮѣΪզôأ
һǵ˵֮е͵澭һǽ̫̫𣬳ǰȥ
̫̫ڱϸָ·ұ㰴˵ķǰС
һ·̫̫ͻȻ˵СӣΪԣӦһĽг˰ɣ
Ц˼ңЦأ֮˲żüãΪˮƽ˼ΪĪ⣬ֹֻһ²Ȼס˼ʮ꣬ӦöĵָƲǣΪλᱻЩΧ
̫̫˵ʱڴ̣ȻģҲΪ˱ѣŰᵽҲˣط⣬ԣеĲ֮ѡſڴ˴Уܺ̽´ɣޣڳһ㾳ʱ򣬽𣬷亦Ȳ˲мձЩʳ󴳽һҰֱҰݴ̴СȣԲŻǱ㿴ЦҪ˵Ҳϵԭģ֪ɶʱְ˹ʵǻĺܡ
˼ǻƽȮۣΪޣЩҰκβ˼ҡ
Ҹ̫̫һûһ˵ţ˵һ붼Ǽٻ˵Ҳ棬Ƽˮֵ꣬طҲòһ˼̫̫˵һ㣬ܾˣܹŵΨԼ
˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰Ǳ߳Ƭӣǰƣǰʮ֣ԽһСɽԶԶĿһľͷļªݷһƬɽ֮ϣĴ̴Сڶ
㾰һԴ֮С
ʱָ̫̫ǲݷ˵ˡ쵽ˣͷӻҴȥأƵõȼˣԼ˳ʳ
֮󣬻ͷһ̫̫ʵţطֻǷ򸾶ڴˣѵû𣿡
˵̫̫ǿ϶ˣɽ֮УҺͷӽʱȫ棬ǲߣҲܲļįԾֻ˶ѡ
Ӧһӿ˽ŲǼСݷ˹ȥвʱ͵СݷԱߣϸôһⷿȻªܶķӲȥƲʲôùӳԡ
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ҽȥǰƬЩʳҰȺҲ˵ˣҪСӣ϶ͼඡ
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781 Եټ
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ҽóĶһһ˰װǣƿ򿪡
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782 
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һϷ򸾾Ȼͬʱֻ𣬴ĳչ֮ɶ೤Դͬţͷһ˫۾ŵ̽յƵģѪ֣˶Ҳ¶˴⣬ҪжǵĿ֮ʱֱĸоȻ
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Ƭ̣̫𣬸̫ķ򣬱˷λ֮󣬾ͿʼϷǰС
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뵽ұȻ࣬·Ҳ
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ҽɿͻȳַȥЩɽһȫȲĽȫװҲûд򿪡


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һ߽ɽ֮УʱһֵζƮ˹ʮŨЩ̫Ӧ
أɽӦþЩɽסĵطζȻôš
һֱһһ׳ɽţһ·֮ϣһ˺ܶɽ඼棬Щȥͺܴɽһҵʱ򣬿ʮּΡΡվ˹Χм䣬ѽѽ˵ʲôЩҵֻΰεģĲС
ҿүĻ񣬸߰˷ƣЩϵɽ֮ǰ϶үүҵ˼ңԲŻ˼
ҲǵԣҲ֪θǽͣЩɽֻ΢΢Цţסĵͷ
˺һǲ뿪۾ȴЩĿҡ
Ҳ֪ү֮ǰΪʲô֮ǿҵģһַĵľء
ɽܴҲܿʮӲߵɽľͷ
طѾûɽˣܸɾһƬڣǰһɾʯڡ
ҿطһ£ѰһﲻЩƣѵֻ˵ĵط
طͺͺģʲôûа
ɻ󲻾ʱֻɽͻȻץסҵĸ첲ҳʯ˹ȥҲԣֻøţʯڵĶ棬ɽҽ˼ҷӦͻȻ÷ָףһ»ҵָ۵һ顣
Ƭ̵ͣЪɽץסҵѪָʯȥ
ҵָһӴʯ֮ԴˡһоһɰĞųѹҵʱĸоǱһ㣬ֵģվһ
ָϵѪƺǴʲô
Ĺɽ˼
ʱҾͿƽɽ֮ͻȻһɵĹ⣬Ҳиַ֣ת˲š
Ȼ涼΢΢ζǰǿʯͻȻͷˡ¡¡һ죬
һĻҾȵĿɿڴ
˵Լʮ֮ʯڵĺ澹Ȼֳһʮƽ׵Ŀռ䣬沢һƬһɫ΢Ƕų
ܴĿռ䣬Ƭ̡
ʱǸɽٴμ﷢һŹֵ죬ȻҵļָǼʯңʾҸϽȥ
ҿһɽ˵ͷ˽ȥܿһۣһʯ֮⣬տҲҲûʲôرĶ
Ҫ˵Щر֮ǾͷɢЩ΢⣬ȻһЩֵʯͷɢģЩҹʯ
ĴɨʱͻȻһۡľ죬һͷʱǾ޴ʯѾٴ£˴˴


786 ڣ
׹ʱԼѾʯ֮ڣһжˡ
ôҲ벻ЩƶʮֺƵɽȻôһ֣ղһһʮѺãһǳôöҿȷ鶼죬Ŷ򣬾͹Ӳˣ
Щĵıʯǰ棬Щյĳʯ˼ƣţǷҳȥǺɤӶˣһûС
Щɽˣˣ
ҸղѾʯˣʱʯһ׶񣬲ڼǧҲǼӲʯͷ·µţЩɽҳȥҪȻûκοܡ
ȥүүѧµģʯ֮ôһ¶
ĪĻҲЩ͸ĸо
;ԼҪ군ˣǬ˱ĶʡųԣҲֲһ£ǿǶ档
ʱұϾᣬʱһ㣬һ亹ʯ֮صȦӡ
ҷȷʵ޼ƿʩʱ򣬲Լ侲
ת
˵ϣʼ췢飬ֻ˶ϻµףĿǾΪ̽ҵƷУǵ֤ȫϸҲ˵ˣЩǺһĹǻүү£ЩɽҲʮ飬ûҪҵ˼
ҪҪңҲڷôۣһϵĻҸͲǵĶ֡
ֻЩɽ˵Ҳû취ǹͨڰңүԸ
ңҸղŽʱʯ֮ǲзģǿ϶үүΪ
ؼǣǵҵѪΪܹ򿪣ԣʯֻҵ˲ܹүүС
ͨһҶʱֻȻĸо
Լ֮ҾͿʼ۲ʯңʯ˵󲻴˵СҲСʮƽ㹻סûˡ
վʯ֮ڹ۲һ£滹򵥵׼һЩһ֪˶Ͳϲõģ⻹һʯ˺ܶɲݡ
ͷ΢΢ɫâţϸ۲һ£ЩԼܹ⣬Ӧҹһֱʯ
ͷܲʯͷͬ쵰СҲӵС
Щҹʯ˼һЩɶǱóȥһǶǼֵǣ˵Ƕ쵰СģǸӵСƶھһĺԺˡ
ͷֻһһɽɽȥҲ޼ƿʩ缸ͷʹ
꣬үȻʯ಼֮ãΪ˵ȴĺ˹
үȻԼĺУ𽥵Ҳĺ󱲼еĴ㣬Ҳȫ֮ߡ
аͻ𣬱Ҫ˵Ǹһ콭ͬͬ
үɱķ𽭺ҲϣĺܹԸ
ʯ֮һȦ֮ҵĿмһʯ֮ϡ
ղҽʱûϸս˲ŷ֣ʯ֡
ΪȻֲ֣Ծɷ裬ʮְ
ڣ
ʯ־ǡڣҶֿ˺һЩִ֪ʲô塣
ģҵ۾ȫӦʯ֮ڵĹ֮󣬷дšڣһ໹кܶС֡
ڣһýȥģֶѾ̾Ϊֹ
ǵҿڣԱߵЩСֵʱ򣬸Ǿȵĵһ
ЩСָͷдȥģʴʮԲһǷָ֣ʯʯ֣ǴҵԴҲָܹͷʯͷд֣жôΪܰ쵽
ý֣Ҳʮ鷳顣
ҰľһŶЩСϸһۣдéɽ÷ϰéɽѧֵһԨڴ񽣻ڣҺƷж֮ܣɷݣڣѧ֮£¾޹ΪΥУǴ
̶ĳȡ
үּ
ν壬үǺεȵӢۺм価ɡ
Ҳûж룬æͨһ¹ʯǰ棬ޱȹϵ˵ҶݼүүСѣŸүүд˴ڣǰүүžѧүүߴͽ̣
˵գұʯſͷ
̧ͷʱͻȻ䣬ʯǰһ⣬âɣʯյһƬ͸


787 µĽ
Ҷүµʯͷ֮󣬹һĻͷˡ
ʯǰͻȻһâ˳ʶĿ۾ֱֻȥš
â˼֮ܿĵ۾ϸâɫĹ⣬⻪ת֮䣬ΧĞųϲΪ֮ĳȡ
ǹâҲ˵Ǳ£ٵĳһڵۣʯǰ
һ˲˲ĿǸɫĹ㣬ֱôʶĿʱҲſǸǸɫâľȻ¶һؽ
ʹһ㣬һӵվǸķ˹ȥÿһߵʮֻһͷڶҪѽγ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô뷨Ǹĳħһֱң߹ȥγ
ľ룬Һܿߵǽ֮ǰ
Ұڵϣһֻ˳ȥʵĽȻ佫ס
ҵֺǽһӴɲǣһɰĳ޾Ϣ˲䴫ȫҼӶڷ
һָоȻѽӦҵģһҪγ
˺һһֱڸѽϴϢڽ֮ݺύҵסʱ򣬻ܹоҲڼҵĻӦңҲ΢΢ķ
ҵģҾӦýγ
Ҵһֻȫ˽֮ϣͬʱҽ֮еȫע˫֮䣬͵ϰ
ѽǶʯ֮еģú
ҽ̵ʹ˳ϵʯͷʱһЩ֩һѺۡ
ǣǰѽǶʯ֮Уβ
ˣҲûзЪϢƬ̣˼£ٴε˵֮еתڲϧеǹԹͷųһЩ
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˫ٴűһǵͨ죬оγѪˡ
һΣѽʯͷˡǡ죬ǰѽʼһһıҴʯ֮а˳
ɵϥó˫סǽһһıҲǽ˸ɫâɫâתһĿʼڽ֣֮ӳҵԺ֮С
㻨ӵĹ⾰ѽҳ˴롣
ڣšॡһǰѽڱ˳
ڽȫʱҲ֪ǲԼ˻þһХ֮ԺҶߺȻ졣
ʮ㡣
ʹ̫һЩȫγʱҵ˺üһûվȣֱڵˤһƨն
ȻۣҺ⣬˿̵Ļϲеעȫѽϡ
ѽҵĵһӡޣ͸һǽ֮ϵķĲתһצͼ
ɫĹ⻪תһɫ
Ҳ֪˶ãǰѽĹâ𽥰Ȼ΢΢һ⧲֮䣬ͻȻͻһСĴָСĹ⣬һ´ֵ֮С
оͺǱһպһ£۵Ҳһƺߡ
۵νؼһô󹤷ʯ֮аγǰѽˡ
Ŀһ⣬ɽҵ֮С
ãȻɨһȦҲûҵǰѽĿ⻹ֵ֮ϡ
ϸһۣɵٴδһҵͻȻһǴһС״СɫģҵСĴָһС
Уر
Դӽϻµ֮Ҽʶ̫Ĳ˼顣
Ҫ˵ĻһǰѽͻȻʧˣҵʲô
ɻ󲻽ʱҸоʯ֮еĞųһǰǸʯٴƯһģǷһŤ˼֡
ҿЩֵʱ򣬲˹
үʯϸҽһ˼ǣѽǰԨӣڴ˴µĽ꣬˵ͨһǰԨĸƷ⽣ڴ˴һټʮ꣬ܵ˴˴ȻʮǿؼһǣүүԨзӡһתƵ˽֮С
Ҳ˵ǰԨϣǽľȫתƵ˽֮ϡ
⣬үүβٿ⽣꣬⽣ѾΪһ壬ڣ
ȫĹ֮ϵּ֮Ĺ֮ϵֽɢ֮С
ʯʯʲôûзҵѾһѽꡣ


788 ֮
ү֪ʲôصҽԨĽʯ֮аγʱʯ֮Ͼͳ֣⽣ʹõİ취Ƿ֣һ秵ģĻˮƽȻǶߣҲܹǿ
ټԴ֮󣬸涼Ǽһ棬Ǳǰ˲֪ٱ
ƾڵ̣صѧУѧĻƲҲŪ廪ɶġ
²ףʵѧʱɼͦõģǾǵĻҲܿѧһͨ˵
콫Դڿѧ£һںɽ֮С
˵ܹõүµ꣬һĻϲġ
⽣겢ʵ壬Խ꣬ɣҪȻҲ֮С
һѿٿصĽ
ʮ档
һô꣬ͷһ˵Ķ֡
һڴɫСһͷҪүղʯϵķٿһԣѽΡ
񣬿ʼص֮еͼסѽ
Ǳߵǣҵ֮еҪ߶ʱȴһӴҿ⣬ƺʮֲʣԸܵҵĲٿء
еǰɫҲֻ΢΢˸һЩɫĹâûǰѽҵС
˲Ҿ˹үղĹϵּ˵ʮǽԨĽ꣬ԨзӡһʮǿһĻǣڵΪȥٿһ֮꣬δЩǿߣ֮ǰǱүٿأ˼жôͣסһͻȻ֮һֵ䵽һΪ˱΢ļһУе֮֮϶ܲˣ˼ҲƢģȻܵ
ԣֻǿһЩʱ֮ܵҵʵҡ
һ֮ҲоЩ
ȥôһȻ޷ʹǺã
вʵңٴȥٿǰԨĽ꣬ҵ֮еӵ˼£ҵĵڳˣԴԴϵ˷۶˴ǷһֱԼ߶˼ޣӵĹ⾰֮ʱһ֮УǰɫС뵳һɫ͵Ĺ
ۿǰѽҪֶʱҵԺͻȻһХ֮ޱȵŭŵһһǹĵʱжȥ˴룬Ҳ޷ﵽ۷塣
ʱҾйƤ򣬵ѽ޿κˡ
֮ƢܴżǿĲ־
ұҪסС
ƽŵǰɫۣ㶵һȻ䣬ָоһȵĞųɽ֮йĵݣԴͷǲԶǿʯ
ʯдšڣֵĵطнɫĹâ仯ķĳҶĹ㶵Ŀš
Ƭ֮ЩĶ뿪Ļ۳ĸ֡콣
ҿĸֵʱ򣬲ɵͷһ
ͷˣүүҲҪڸ콣ķ
£ȫעһ˲˲Ķǰǿʯ
콣ĸһΣٴηɢķģֻ۳һеС֣ʯ֮ϡ
Լϸ첽ʯĽǰϸʯϵ֡
Щһֶ£콣ֻôһΣλᣬұҲû콣Ļˡ
콣ĽͷɵֲǺܹܶ࣬Ҳּ֣ɬʮѶҵĿĲҪѧЩǽÿһֶļҼ֮󣬵ȿ֮ʱóĥãڻͨ
þĽЩͿھȫ֮ϸ飬ȷûκ©
ֹ˴ԼһӣЩּģٴα˷ģͬˮһʯ֮Ʈš
һһ˲˲Ķʯ֮ϵı仯
ųһεĹĵݣЩʯ֮Ʈķһε˼֣ҿЩֵʱ򣬼Ļ
ΪҿүүڶľѧǼǡ˺ϴ辭
ֺܳһͺӡ
Ѿ콣ȫܹ˺ϴ辭ĻҪըˣ
żģҵ۾ĶĹϵļ֣ȴ˺ϴ辭ķ֡
Ȼһ֮󣬳ֵȴ˺ϴ辭ķ


789 ˺ϴ辭
Ϊʯ֮ϻų˺ϴ辭ķȻȴûг֣ȳֵھһ֡
ЩҲЩ秵ģȫģ˵˺ϴ辭һֺеķҲһ൱ΣյķΪⷨҪʮΪΪƿزõĻ׵ʩ߻ħүŷʱкüЩ߻ħ
Ҳ˵ڵУ޷֧ǿǿĻ˾Ҳпٴα٣ΪһˣԾؽҪ콣ǰ֮󣬲̽УһҪʿɶֹ
ͬʱүң˺ϴ辭з˵еıһֵʩķǽ˺ϴ辭Եеʱʮֲֿģܹһ˵Ϊϵɣһŷɻңľʯ֮գ岻ûκκôԼˣյҲɵԼϡ
ڶַȻǰ˺ϴ辭ȷַԵеʱǿȡԷΪΪԼãԴԼУȴ
ֵʩзүýһЩС߻ħĿܡ
ôүС
һ֣ĺܡ
ô˺ϴ辭еֶΣСʱ򿴵һӹС˵С˲иð͵ļһһŹǴ󷨣͸˺ϴ辭ĸоأ
ҵ֮оͷӡӵԩԹͺ߻ħ˺ϴ辭ǻõͷˣ
ԥʱЩһٴλ˷ģЩĽֱ˺ϴ辭ķ
ҿǵأҲȱҪŹС
޷УʱգΪŹҲǲġ
˺ϴ辭콣ָӶСᣬҴɨһۣͿֻӲ
ǰһ㣬ҽйڡ˺ϴ辭ķ֮û϶ãʯϵķıٴʧˡ
ʱҸоɽĞųһεĲߴһǡ졣
⶯һһһܣŷ⶯ȻǴǰʯ֮Ϸġ
ʯ֮ϳ֩һѺۡ
ŵæʯһըѿܵʲô
Ȼ˿֮鲢ûǰֲʯһʼǳ֩һѺۣȻͿʼѿʯ飬ʯ飬Ȼֱӻϸϸķɻңɢ˵ϡ
ҲͶ̶̵ļӣʯͻһʯңҲ֪үõʲôӣŻὫʯŪģ
ڸ֮ʯԼֱʹ
Ҳ֪үôģһԴһЩǲסʯϳֵķֵأ
Ҫһˣ
ãұȽϴҪȻ鷳ˡ
ߵǶʯǰ棬ϸһۣûʲô֣һ˿ûзŹǺܿϧһѷɻ֮⣬ɶûС
һ콣һ˺ϴ辭һѽҲӡҵ
үΪоڸҡ
һʼʱ򣬻Щ˷ܣǵҳʱȴֲû̫Ļϲ
ȣӡеĽ궼޷ʹ콣ĻβĻôӺأ
˺ϴ辭Źڸ붼룬ҪĻ׵߻ħһ˼ˡ
һصʯ֮ǰһƨʼ˼Ժ
ү˿̽ɽ֮У϶һֱӦǵЩ֮󣬲׼뿪ɡ
Һ˭˵ţүϻµʱ򣬱λһʱ䣬Ž˼Ҹų
ѵҲүһɣ
ҪĻҼ˿϶˲ɣҲһ඼¶ġ
ǲؼҹǲܵˡ
ӹؼǣǬ˱еĳʳѾǺܶˣ൱һ֣ɢЩɽս˶ƤҲܹһ¡
֪ҪҾͶһЩʳˣѾûˡ
ƵʱͻȻǰʯŶһ£һҳʯŵķȥʱʯźǴһЩ


790 Ž
ΣæʯŵķȥǻϲΪЩɽģ뿪ء
ߵһǰ㣬ʯŲûд򿪣ʯмλãһ鷽ʯƿˣֱҽʯ档
һʼʱҲûзʯ滹ôһء
ǿ鷽ʯƿ֮¶һԴĶڳҪⶴڳȥǲܵġ
ͨǸڳ濴ȥͿǸɽһЦ֨֨Ľ˼ҷ˵ûĵ˵λɽүܲи㣬ҳȥȣﻹлȳɿأҳȥ֮ȫô
⻰ȫǶţ٣ɽҲҵĻͻȻ̧֣һֻȣǱ𿾹ںһƬ첻˵滹ѪһƬҶʱ˹ɽǹͷԵġ
ֻȶˣܳ
ԭЩɽĴԹϸӦöүİţҲֲǣɽԵģ²ȥ죬ֱָ˻ȥ
ɽҵɫ̫ãֳҽ˼ֻҡҡͷ۷˻ȥʯ֮ϡ
˵Ŀǰǲõıɽ֮ˣЩɽͷ
˵Դ߽ʯ֮ҲȥϳʱˣȷʵǬ˱ʳóһЩֺһЩȪˮպųһ١
Ա֮ҾŸе顣
Ҫ취ס֮УҪȻҸ޷콣
Ŀǰ˵ֻܴ콣֡
ͷܿһת뵽һ飬ǾȻ޷ǽ꣬ϻһǱҵͭǮͭǮŸҵķҲһ˲һλӵǰŵģλ䵱ɽһʦͭǮͨ־ǣɱͭǮ󣬺ܶ˼ñͭǮʱ򣬶ΪŵһѷɽϹǵѺϽۡ
֪ͭǮ콣ɲԣ
޷ƿǽ꣬Ŀǰ˵ҲֻͭǮ֣һ콣֮󣬸콣ͽ֮佨ĳ΢ϵܹסǽ֮зӡ֮ꡣ
뵽ұȤʯ֮ϣͿʼҸղʯ֮Ͽ콣
ٸ֣ûһƪĳּɬ⣬ֻܷĥá
˵콣ֽŽΪ콣һоŸʽ
Ÿһбһһбһ
һѶȲϵḶ́Ҫȫ콣ǳϦ֮£Ϊﲻ޷ԣֻܴ콣Ϊ򵥵һʽʼŽÿһжһ֣Ҫ֮ͨԵʡ
콣ĵһʽɨǧ
֮ͨеͷţעеķ֮ϣһݺᣬɽʯɱ֮С
һж˺ɼжôֲ
Ȼҿʼ콣ĵһпʼʱȴָһöûУȥĺ֮⣬ǰ
룬϶вˡ
˸߳ĽǲһڳһӵģҪѭ򽥽ǧ֮ʼ±˵
ȣұҪԼľƽС
һĵطûκ֮´ţϻµףԣҪéɽĶ츣ػҪóĵطһеľ֮أһ죬Ҫʮջ
£ҳҲȥ룬ʯ֮ϣաϴϵзʼȻС
£ɽ֮оʱţҲоҹ
ÿһʱ䣬о֮󣬱㿪ʼŪеͭǮʼ콣ĵһСɨǧ
ʱ䣬ûʲô˵ģÿ˱ĿУܴ˴֮⣬ʣµʱϾŽ
Щɽÿ춼ٷʯŵĶڸҵݹʱҲһЩˮ
һʼǾܾЩɽʳģһĹȥǬ˱ĴԽԽ٣Ͳòˡ
ÿЩɽǱŻĸԣʱǿȣʱҰҰãǵ̫һЩ޷졣
Ǻһ취ʳжμӹ
ȣҪҪһЩľĹԼЩʳٿһ顣


791 ϣ
Щɽǹͨʵ̫ˣ˴˶öԷԣ˵ȻɽѾûи㶮֮£ҴǬ˱ֽʣһЩľĵӣʾɽŪ
ɽЩһ֪ӣԴתˣ˴ԼаСʱӣĶҿЦãȻһ¹Դ¹̸ڴľģ˵һô
ɽҲͣһ¹Դôһ¶
æ֣ŻһôȻֻһЩľģٴθɽһΣɽƺǿˡ
ֹʮӵĹ⾰ɽֻ׳ɽһôȴϸɽ
˵ɽүүҵô
˵˵һͨ˵ȻЩɽһЩ֦Ŷҵ˹
ˣʯ֮ڵȼһѻ𣬽Ұһ飬ϴɾ֮󣬷żڻϺ濾ĲʱִǬｫֵ϶˳Ρ桢ȻĨһۣȻڶϻµ´һʱĴ㣬Щ׼ĵǳ֣˺üƹһҲû⡣
ոɽһȣǼֱǾˣĹһֻҰһֻҰӾͱҿ⽹ۣʣ˱ǣԼŶϵˮ
ζͨʯҵĿ׶һֻƮɢɽ棬ʱʯҵſΧһɽȫűӣŹζ޲һͷǿ׶
ҵܹʯײƣҸųȥҲܹһЩ
Щɽʯźް취
Լ˴ֻҰɽȫӿ׶˳ȥЩɽ
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ǽĴҹȴһ˴ɽ֮УһȺɽڹꡣ
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ѧʱѧһƬģ콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշз֮Ϊܡ
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792 ϲҹ
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֮һԭǱڽ콣һСͻƣȻƾնͨͭǮżĽȻɼСȴѾЩϲˡ
ʱøЩɽͷԴ֮ǰЩİҰҶμӹ֮ǳһЩͷԺÿһͷʱǶŪһЩҰңҿ˸ǳԡ
Щɽų֣ʵʮִñС
ÿҰҶ࿾һЩǣҲ῾̫࣬Ϊûôʱ˷棬ǵ˶ʳ֮󣬾ͻһЩϻ׵ɽԣЩ׳ɽǲӣҲóһڡ
꣬ҸЩɽҲദһʱ䣬Щ飬ԾЪϢһ죬רŸЩɽʦһζ͡
һӵĹ֮ͨɽҵ˼ǶŪһЩʳĹҪһٴͣɽ۾
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һԴǧ껱ڵͺĸʬ֮󣬾кܴһڣԺûٳԹΪڵˣֻͨߵķʽ
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ǵҽʶȵ֮еʱȴ޷份ѣǰЩʱգڹͭеǧǧĴ󲿷ȶʦ˯ĻͽвӦҲ֪ʲôʱܹȫ
Ա֮תͷʯԭȴķһƿƣȫǽڣĸһƿǾүүģл˼ҸеĻᡣ


793 һҪ
˴ҹιЩǹ֡
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תµһĻ֪ģԺﷴһξӨ飬ǾͻһЦ
˵СŸ磬±һҪ޸㡭

ҷŭ˻֮жʱһɱϢٴεĿ澭ҵֵס֮һδεĳ
֮꣬Ѿĺţô
ţȣҲһүڹ֮䣬ˣСүʰ
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һ˲䣬ĳĽͻȻԾȻһѳҵ֮УʵĹâתķ֣ҿѽʱȴûκεϲá
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Ȼ䣬ҵıһѪͷһһѪҲ˳һǿ֮꣬ȻҽѾΪ˸̫࣬ʹ˷ĻϸģұҪͦ


794 ǿ
֮ڽ֮зһ־治֪үʱοסԨġ
Ҳ඼ѾѪˣҪҵԴԴϵάҵ壬ѾһͷԵ˵ϡ
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795 򲻸
һʼãȻ޴룬һֱǱĬĽţµʱ䣬콣ĵһʽɨǧѾˣֻϻǷ˻ֻҵΪĪϵԺҵΪ⽣϶ҲԽԽ
Խ콣ԽǸо콣ľҳΪ֮۷
Ҳ֪үµǺҲܹȳ׵Ľֱȥ
ֻѧһУҸоԼڳȥĻһĸ֣ȫԺˡ
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Ҷϻµ׵ʱүүѾһصĸ֣Ը³֮صһصطֶ档
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Ҳϣ飬Щ˱ҪҵУҪǵѪȥꡣ
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³ֶǶˮѾնɱķֶ棬ҲŹ
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Ÿµʱ䣬ҳŽǰľеѪ


796 Ŷ
콣ǰеʱѾȥ˾Ÿµʱ䡣
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үǴֱʣЩҹʯʯ֮оֻΪ˸ãҲ֪˼ҴŪġ
ЩҹʯٵʹδЩ˷ѣҪȻŪһóȥˣһǮ
ʵҲ̫ȱǮүҵǱǮһҲһң˭ֵǮأ
һߣ߽ҲҪԷ£ٲҪǮǱزٵġ
ֱӽٻ˳һл㾦ֱָʱɫĹ籡ըѿӶ֮ϴҹʯһ缦СһŸӵƵġ
ҹʯֵֻ֪ǮǵֵǮҲǺܶʱصϳǣҸеٳҲ١
߳ЩɽסɽѾǰʱ֡
һҹϻµմΪҲҵҴ
Ѿ߳ʯңȥҲżһʱұкЩɽһϽŪЩʳĳҸһζͣһǡ
ദЩʱһȻܹЩɽм򵥵Ĺͨ
ЩɽʮִһжϻµӦǿһûκС
кһ֮󣬱ɽ˸߲ҵĳȥˣֻ˰СʱЩɽ۷˻ŪһЩ¹ҰʲôģȻǸˡ
ɽסɽԶһСϪɽЩСϪɾȻһθһζͣһټֲ֪õȵʲôʱˡ


797 Ϣ뿪
˴ޣιЩǺԼŶʦּЩɽм䣬˯һ
ʱͻȻɴ֮еСȣ֮ǰŸͨһ£ʱоҪѹˡ
Ҳ֮оŸ£ǧҲҪĵĲ˰ɣ
ţһεĽʶע֮Уͼٻ
Ƭ֮֮ͻȻ籡һɺɫɷȻٵΣչҵǰ
ͻȻǰʱһһû뵽һľͱҸٻˡ
һȳϵĞųԸоһˣһֱĸоʮֲֿ
ңСǰ۳εʱӿȥ΢ЩΣһȴޱȵʵȻǧ֮Сȵĵͻͽһ˲١
С֮ЩոճԱ˯ɽͻȻȫ˹һٴһ㣬׷׷Щɽ˳ߵĹӣҪСҹ
ȳ֣һЩɵۣЩɽȻ֪ͻȻðģϵϢʵɭֲһЩʶ䣬Щɽͽȵ˵ˣһɽеĴӾͳȵ˹
ͷûлأһ֣һɺɷͳɽϯȥɽؿڣɽȻܵɺɷײֱӱ˳ȥص˵ϡ
߽ɵɽˤڵأֹʹİȻûܹվ
¶һ֮һ˯ĳ΢΢һЦ˵СŸ磬þû㣬Ⱥء
һͳףЩɽȫŭȥһŭ˻ҪΧСȡ
Ȼ𣬴˸ƣʾЩɽҪ
ЩɽȻûеȴһɫ۾â䡣
Сȡôһ͸Щɽأղֻɽû˵ɣæʵ
˭һҪңֻǸһСѵˡ˵ţִһǷʮӡ
ɽ˵ˣҵɫȻ𣬳ֻɽ˹ȥ
ɫ̫ãҲЩСæ˵СŸ磬Ҫģû˵ܿͺˡ
ߵֻɽߣɽϰɷͻȻɢܿҪȥϵİӡ
Ҹɽ˵Ȼ˵СҵѣЩɽûٴеӣһ˫˫۾ǾĿȡ
һΣȳ֣̫ı仯ϵɷŨˣֶҲǳף֮ǰҿЩɽҶ֣һоͽɽŵ˵ϣʵľ
οһɽ֮ԶһЩһڵȸңֻǧ˴룬ҪȫɾƻҪһʱ䣬ŻֵʮƣҪٻ϶Ҫ֮һʱ䡣
ȻϸҼۣһϵϢ˵ڸǰҲһˣӣôط
֮ǰȾѾ֮ˣ֪򵥵ĸ˵һЩ֮ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
˵һҪ뿪ʱֵʮֻϲ
ҺȾһЩɽͦԶĵطϢطɽأЩҰһ㶼ҵʳԸõġ
ȱŶʦҲûʦֿҲʮָˣеûд˯ʦ˺һ
ȴЩԹ˵ò׳һأûеӿԿ
һֱ浽ȾԵʮƣˣ»ص֮
ʦһһֱǻ˯ģҲϰˡ
ܹһǺܸ˵ģǿǿʱ
ҾȻû뵽Ȼɾ͡
Сһﰲ֮ȼС
һֱȵʱҲ۾һЩɽסɽ뿪
Ͼ˾Ÿ£ЩɽЩ飬һֿЩᣬϲֱʱŤŤӣվϢ뿪
ã·ѾʮϤжʦߣȻη塣
ʱֵֻǸСɽ£ǻεӱ㸡ҵԺ֮С
վƬСɽʱͻȻͷϾͺ̧ͷһͿ޴Ӱҵͷϡ


798 ǧ֥
һ˲䣬Ҿϳ޴ӰǾŸ֮ǰֻȻǷɵĺܸߣҲ޷סӴΡ
̧ͷǣͻȻһֻצץһһһߣأצݡ
ӦǳʳģôɣþͱҸˡ
ǳȻĻϲ˷ܵĳǻֱۣǺܿҲңһ٣ͻȻ˺ܶ࣬Դֹ
ǰң˷ܵĳǻֱۡ
ĹͷͻȻһһͷһȻһͨѩ׵ĳߣصˤôһ£߶ʱʵࡣ
ߣͻȻо죬Ҹսϻµ׵ʱһΡ
ûڶμ棬Ȼֻв͡
Ƭֻ֮ͻ޴ĺķһͽҸˡ
ҲԶһʯ֮ϣ߿˹
λ˶Ѫ۾һɨһֲĸо
ǧҼǧҲֻǿųĴǹȵϢѹƵ͸
˾ʯ֮ϣȴûֳΣҹֳӦǵеģû̫ҪĻҲ׵ĻûΡ
æ߹ȥһ֣˵λǰ
ǸһתͻȻ˵Сӣҹûп㣬ΪҪɽһܳȻô࡭
Ҵűͷӣ͸˵ˣСʲѣҪʱǿܹ࣬ôҲ֮С
λôҺôҸоЩƮƮȻˡ
˼ҪȵүĻôһЩ
һֵлλǰָԽҪȻһһܹߵ
ˣȻˣ֮߳мǲҪôһڣֻطͲԶˡɫ
λǰģطǲκġҹ˵
ȥ֮ҪүͶƣҪ񣬸ɱ޹մܹ˵ҲôˣȥɡǴٴѵ
ӦһҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻ֮еһҶ˹ʶľͽУ´һۣоЩ֥һĶ
Сӣⶫǧ֥Ƕϻ°ɽݣһڣ֮ܣһܽٶΪҲûʲôģŰɣԺܹõϡɫ
ǧ֥
ȥôһЩܳæ˵λǰɶλлǻأôôصݣҲͦ׵ģ绹ðɡ
ţϻ˵סǸ˵Ļͺˣڴ˴ذ꣬ҲԸ顣ĵԶ˵
Ȼ˼ţҲ̫飬ٺЦλǰǹҾˣֻԭлȳģʱȫЩɽԾûʣˡ
һ˵ЩİüɽǻǵĶԣ˰ˣ´ʱ򣬶һЩǣǻȳɿζˣǻо𣿡
֪ЩɽֽüɽȷʵУЩɽŰɫüë
һʣǬ˱һڽҵһƿ׾ƣЩ˼˵ˣͻʣһƿƣҪҪ
˵Уҵһʱоһɾ޴ɢ˳еƿĿУȻ֮¡
ˣһ飬ԥ˵λǰһⲻ֪ʡ
лֱ˵ͺáǴ˵
Ҿһ£үڲ֪λǰ֪𣿡ʳʵһ⡣
ֻ࿴һۣ΢΢һ£գǴ˻ξ޴Դ˵Ҳ̫ܹܾãȴ̣ܶϴμʱ߰ʮǰԺ󣬾Ҳûм
ϢҲЩʧ䣬شҸүүĲ࣬үǲǻţվһš


799 һŮ
һʣҺҲûʲôʵˡ
ʱֻǧͻȻζһ³ͻȻڿն𣬵֮Ϸɳʯ˼
Ҳûзֻһ£ץˤİİߣɵ˰֮У̧ͷٿʱѾСڵʧããİ֮У󲻼Ӱ
ʵⴥʲôкûдֻǧ㳯Ŷϻµķȥˡ
ǵӰǰʧҾЩʧ֮УŶʦ֣Ĭĳɽȵĳڻȥ
һΣλȥȻᳵ·ĵطʲôΣҲ׼
ټ϶ʦһֱߣҲûʲôۡ
һֱʱ֣ҲߵǸֻܹһ˼ȥɽ죬߽ɽвʱῨЩѪ
ɽѪӦöֻǧרסڵġ
ЩֻǧȣͷС˺ܶࡣ
ҵһɽʱ򣬻ЩѪĸͷ֮ʵ
һεĿɽѪʱ滹ЩţһΣߵر˳ΪϵķүүϢΪֻǧӴЩѪͲңߵҲİá
˲СʱĹ⾰Ҿ߳Ѫɽȥ֮󣬻ûĲڸһЩڣ±ʲôٷִ˴
ȻƬɺܴʱʱ䣬Ҫָ˵ҺüܵҵҲпһֱҲ
ѧճɽһɣһұӱޣɽȥ
㣬߳ɾɽʱɫҲѾȫ
ԭӡСһ绰˵ǵҳɽ֮󣬾͸绰ңôˣЩ˼鷳˼ңϾҲ̫졣
Ϊ˴ȵһЩ·ôۡ
ټǾŸ£һֱڼʮƽɽ棬ʵƻˣҲԼߣϤķ羰硣
վһһˣϲĻ磬ϲֵĵطɽ֮أżһʱ仹ǿԵģҪҴһӣҿ϶ܲˡ
Ƕϻµȷʵһеľ֮Ҫ֪ǸڣǷ˲ɣԴҲҪȥ
һ˶ϻµףҾ͸оˣܵϡ࣬ԽĵطǾ͸˵ˡ
һ߿첽ţһֻ߽˳طûźš
ֻҽɾɽ֮ǰ˵磬ɾɽ֮ûźţұػˣŸҲͿΣһֱڻһЩ硣
ֻ֮ʾ˺öδӵ绰мİĺ룬мϤĺ롣
үүģѦСߡӡСˣʶ˶Ҵһ顣
֮⣬кܶţһһ֮󣬷ֶǺܾ֮ǰģҹϵ࣬඼ڸʲôʲôطʲôʱ
ҸȺһţһƽ׼ĸظ绰ʱֻͻȻûˣֻεֻȵ˿֮ҸܹĵطȻٸһһϵ
ҽŲɿ죬һٶأĸСʱĹ⾰ڵ˿ǣʱӦҹʮһˡ
ȥӡҵģһЩ̫ˣֲ̫̫Ǻܺãһұݺúõ˯һһȥǼҰݷá
ڿǵĽһȽϵεıݣ֤˷ŷֱ¥ʱ㿪ŵʱͻȻ߹ȥˣһ
ҲǲĿһִۣ߹ȥһŮ
ǸŮҿűȽ죬һ㡣
ɵþͶ࿴һۡ
ڴʱǸŮҲ߿һۣһ¾Ͷˡ
Ůȥиʮ˾꣬ʮ崿ֻڿȥɫ̫ãӣ߸ŵ˳֣¶ֱ϶
һۿȥǸŮƺҲЩ죬㶵ĿһۣͶɫҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻߵһһļŵһ飬û˵Щʲô
ڴʱ׶˴ǸŮߵһ䷿ǰһ·ţһӺܿ콫ŴˣЩ˵˵ҿôôһô˯ˡ
˼еæ£Ҹˣôһʮֿ˵


800 
ӵͷһŵĻɪɪŮǵһĨЦ˵椳ĻˮϣҾͲ鷳ˣ´μǵעһ
пӦţͷǷֵһŮͳŷȥڽһ̣ǸŮҿһۣǰ֮ɫ
ܹĳŮпǱвȵģеѹ֮£ţг֣һ׶񣬿Щֶεˡ
ƺҪȣʼûиſڣȻܶ࣬һſҲæһٶҰæˣҲһһĶ֣Ǻҡ
ϡƽ޷οͳӣͻŶѡ
Ϸʡ򹤵ʱܶ飬Ϊ档
ֲʥĸǣʲô鶼һӡ
ǣǸŮĺϸôһ룬ʱЩüĿֲҾ죬ԭŮϴǵʱڻŮеһʱҵվʱŮЦ˵˯һ·϶û۾
ҵʱ䣬˵ͨС˵ԲŻƣ
ʵҵʱڱĿУ˯
뵽һ㣬̾ѹ»бҪһܵģǴѧţôֵܻطأ
ôЩ֡
ŮҵʵЩⲻȥ
˾֮ұһ÷ţһ߻ͷпȥ
һͲʲôƲҿǣعͷһۣ۵׶
۾Ǿ棬ҲҪ¡
תҪߵģסǵλ磬һȡ
˵䣬Ѿƿ˷š
תͷһۣһųļһﲻͷ˵ʲô¶
ҳǺٺһЦС˵λ磬ҾʣǻûƯӣģһʵģҪȻǸһ¡
Ϊ˻ڴӦ֪ǳеһۣ˵ûˡ
˵գתҪߡ
ҿⲻаҪǸӣȵýиŵУҪƵ϶ֺ֣ǲҪ鷳
ٴκסӣһΣٴסˣͬʱת˹ǳЩŭ˵˵ô¶ǲǣŲŪ㣡
ⳤеһ˫С۶ݺݵĵңâ©
ҿСү켣ü꣬ʲôûмЩСආҲװܺµӣһӺ쳮Ʊ˵Ƕ𷢻𰡣ҾҸǲǲǮǧ鹻ĻٸǼǮô
˵ţִǧǮ˻˻Ρ
һ£ǳϵ׹ɢˣתһЦеݣ־ҪץеĳƱ
Ǯһգ˿˵˵Ƕǽģ˿ζȽ⣬Ƕʲô椰
˵ţҾͽҵķ
вթܿ˽ȫҵһ˾
š
ʱǳߵİҽܵߵдѧٸģأҪδģҲС
ȥһȺôδСŮ޶ŹôĻ
Ӽᶨʰǵľġ
ڹŵһɲǣҵͱ׺ƺܵɢʵʵɱתҡ
ǿҵʱ򣬲ɵûһǳŭҪɶŴ򿪣
Ҫǵ
˵գһΣͳ˹ȥҩһﶵͷһ
зӦҲݣ׷ûҩķΧ֮ڣֻһ˲䣬еһȫ˵ϡ
Ըİ࣬Ҷö֣ǰͲһ
ѦСߵҩƺãһûȫҲɱˣϾҲɱ˵ĵط
򵥵Ľһ֮Һܿ˷ţӸղŵķ˹ȥ
ŷţҾﴫС椣Ƣͦ󣬲ҾϲģԽԽ
һ·ţϵģʱܿ촫ǸŮصĿ


801 
õģ
ҼƲţȴֱֲҿ¾˾ƵĹԱ鷳
΢ԥôһ£ұ֮ȣһؿڣȻһѪɷƮɶ
ҽȥȴ׾ٵĽȥΪһ塣
ҽгЩ̫⣬Ź˵СŸ硭ҳʲôأ
ȣڰһæȥӣҰŴ򿪡Ը
һ£Ҳûжʣֱһʹ˷ţӣȻˡžડһ춯ʹˡ
ҪŽȥСȺֳܿҵǰ˵СŸ硭һڸܣǱһ𣬽㶼ˡ
ⳡȷʵЩٶˣʱҲûôֵ࣬Ǻܿ졣
Ҹ˵һţϾͳ
ȴҪҪȥ壬˵ãžͺá
˵֮ϢƿţŽż⣬һ߽Ȼִ˷š
һݣҾһ죬һ˺˵ŮһС
̫ˣصĴϢš
ҺܿߵŴԱߣǸСŮǴӸƵ˴ϣǷ˶ѹȥҲϵ˺Ů·¶һƬ׻ļǼм˺ۡ
æĲɿûע⵽Ѿ˷ߵһļ˵ǣæɶأ
û¶æ𾢶붼û룬ֱӱһ䡣
ͷŮ·ʱ򣬺ͻȻоЩԾһæٴλͷңһľ֮ɫ㡭˭ôģ
һֱţûذЦ˵
ҹȥӻķһŭɶ
ҺǺһЦһƾӵϣǽһ࣬žһӾͱȵſ˵ϣڱѪ
ǴϵŮһңҲŵЩʧ룬æôϵıӸԼһܵŵС¹һ㣬Ŀң΢΢ڷŶ
ԭԵЩ׶ڱһ֮ʱʵࡣ
ӹڵϣ̧ͷһۣ˵ǶҲ̫ˣһûأǴ𣿡
νЩ糾ŮӳõһթƭһЩഺƯŮӵס߾Ƶ֮󣬲þͻһɷ˳֣һ㶼ˣ˵ŮԼϱʲôģƿŶԷһ٣޷ǾҪһЩǮƳһ飬ЩɫĵүǴԣԹԵĽǮó
ǰҸеһˣ֪ôһ¶Ǹ˾
ּһˣҾǳµġ
ҲһƤӣֱһֵȥӿ˹ȥߵŮԱߣϵһƿϣ˸Ӻһڣ˵ӣǲ
ŮǱŻˣһֱɪɪરһֱµҵ˵ͷȻ˵ȥ𳵵ʱһ桭
Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱŮҵһ±õ·ʮֿ־˵硭߰ɡһЩ˷ˣǻɱġ
ҺǺһЦʵ˵ղ𣿡
Ůصĵͷ˵ԡǡɱ˲գۡۼɱˣ磬֪ǺģȲңǿ߰ɡ
˵⻰ʱŮ۵ľ֣ڶͣ
һȸƿϣƿһȻӣ£ѾҴˣܰȫ˵ǲǱģ
ôһ˵Ůһ㶣Щš
ûƭ㣬ǾҷſأҪȻҴȥֵ
˵ŮƺһЩȴܵĪίƵģ˫صĿ
һޣŪҲ֪ôźˣæȰ˵ӣްǹйŮģһޣ˻Ϊôء
Ȼ˵ŮǱ˫ȿ˺һż˵硭лл㡭
֮ͶѣҵǺ֪ôвȹģ㽲һ𣿡ʵ
ŮһˮȶһŸ˵ҽСƼپҪϴˣ٣ҺҵͬͬѧСԼҪģ˭֪һ»𳵣кڳ˾ҪҪ򳵣һʼ۸ܱˣ˳


802 һ
һ硣
û뵽˲еô򵥣ǵİܱŮ
СƼŮĿǰΪֹһ־޴ľ֮У˵Ҳ״Σ϶ãŸ顣
ղʮ崿ŮҲ˵ˣСƼһپҪϴĴѧη٣ǸĹۼСһģһ»𳵾һڳ˾۸ʮֱˣûĻСŮҲûж룬ֱӾ˳
ǸСӣϾһ˾˾һƫƧĽŮʱ;ЩԾ˾ͣ˾ͣ³׳˵ڳ϶Ǳһ٣סǵֽţסǵ۾Ȼư˹գҲ֪ʲôط
ǵ۾ϵĺڲʱ򣬲ŷǱһںĵ棬Ŀռܴ󣬵դ˺ܶ档
ҲһԼʮƽ׵ĵ֮⣬ﻹкüŮ
ʱű򿪣߽˺üӾǣ˺ǵ·
һʼӵģ˺ֿܶЩ׵ĺܣǸѳС񼴱ǱҲӣǼеľ˺ֱ֣ӽСˡ
ĿԼĺԼǰ˴СƼµĲУȫŻˣǼ˾Ǽｫ̣ˡ
Сʬ屻ߣҲ֪ʲôط
Ǽе֮СƼŴһͬѵЩÿе֪ҲǱЩ˸ƭģһʼкöŮӣ˵
Щ֮󻹲꣬ʬᱻרŵҽЩʬڵժõȥ
һεķŻƭŮ֮Ƕ֮󣬾ǳȥ׬Ǯз򲻴ӣȴǵľɱ֮֮ٻҪժʮֲ̣Ľûһµġ
СƼҲǴɣһαͳңŷ˺һϵе顣
СƼĽҵɫѾȫ
һʼֻһλСƼһ˱вȣû뵽ǵطȻô
ֻǳҲˣҪ֮٣Щ˷ָˡ
ҪǲܣҾ϶ⲻȥ
̧ͷһ侲СƼȻʵǸһЩΪʲôûЩοͱ
СƼεҡҡͷ˵ûõġ϶װÿγ˸ţЩ潵˶ǵͣᱨģ㲻ҲͽܹѣҲЩ˵ġ
˵ҵɫֺ˼֣ȭͷյĿ죬Ȼٴʵ֪ǱǸط𣿡
СƼҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪еŮӳȥᱻ۾ȵ˵صŻᱻ⿪Ҳǵһα
˵ЩðˣҺܿһ뵽ҷУֻǴ·ȥǸطˡ
˼Ƭ̣СƼ˵ӣ벻뽫ЩܿĽöȳȥǸñ𣿡
СƼһ㶣һۣȻصĵ˵ͷ
ȻұǰȥҵķţȥһܿЩȫȳ֮ǰûлĻʹ绰ô
һ˵СƼٴεɴ۾Ծ硭һȥ𣿡
ԣһȥҵػص
СƼҡҡͷЩ˵硭㲻ȥǵطкܶˣ׵ĺܣ˵ɱ˾ɱˣһȥ̫ΣˣҪȻھͱɡ
ҶȻУڲܱݾߣĻҪԸڵѶһ֪λãҲ˵ܲʳʳˣôʱ䶼ûлȥǱߵ˿϶Ҳоǰ˲ûֱ룬ʱƻ˶ˡ
˵ľȻСƼǺܲģȰ䣬ҪðգȻСƼȴ֪ҵݣԸЩͨˣҷѲ˶ٹ
СƼǱҸ˵ˣԹԵȥҵķ䣬ⷿǸӣָһЩҩ綼һܹ
ҴСƼҵķ֮СƼͿҷУЩ˼Ŀһۡ
Ϣľͽ׳ŵġ
СƼȻҴǬ˱һذףͳһ˹ȥ


803 ɱң
Ҷ˵ϣóѦС߸ҵĽҩ޹ǵһֶܹɢζϣõı˶ҩҩ֮Ķ
£ҽǽҩһųбӵ£һ¡
Ƭ֮ǳתѣ˻ԴȿıҼϵһѷذס
ȻⳤвûлţЦһ˵˵Ƕ㵨ӲС֪õӶŵ˭𣿡
ô˭ѵôһصܶɣ
Ҳɫʵ˭˵
СүŹʡϻģ˭ֱ棬СҪʶȤĻѵÿߣҾ͵ûǻܽΣ
ŶǡҹһʱǹѾԺЦ⣬ҽ͸һͷˮ˵ʲôôСүû˵
ǳеɫͺҲͦƵģүģʶô׸һ
ǳе۾תһȦ۾һԵСƼ۾ŭʱ籡СңȻ˸ǣһŪ㡭
СƼȻʮֿ־ˣŵĻһʧɫϵ
žʲôѻ˵꣬ҽһͣöһȥǿ϶ѪĻҲû˵һ³Ŵһ
·ɫԳʲôҿԻһС࣬Ҳ̫һЩ
Ҵһ֮ǼһԻЩЩ޺޵˵ֵܣͦڰҹҲ˵ʹСɫɣҲϲ˵ϻǸоʵ棬㵽ףֻҪסҽڱһַȥԣ㵽ף
žҽһƳ˹ȥ׵Ķûˡ
СүǼװȷûôװȵģˣǰԲѣһĶֵզأСүôʰ㶼ɡ
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˵ʲô˵ֵ˵𣿡Һ˵
űҴ׵ϸߵӣͷٿҡ
Ҹɿһ˵Ҳ㣬ϵ˲٣Ҳôһ϶մ˲ѪȣһɱĶЩŮˣɱҲûɶҪ־͹˲ǵˣء
һ£ҽֵһ⣬ǱжˣжŮϣ
һ£̧ͷһۣ˵ǡǱʮˣ׽Ů˲ʮЩظؤ˺
׽ؤ˺ʲôҺһ䡣
оԼ˵©ˣԥһ£û˵Ҹ˼ĻᣬذһֱӾͻ°ͣ۵һҽС
˵ҿûôġ
׽׽Щ˹ǵٵġǱҽרŸǵҵǳҲֻ׬һСǮˡѪֹ°˵
ҿЩһﻹûԣ鶼ܸɵĳ
һʳ˵ڶ⣺ǵϳʲôط
ʵطʱ;˵硭ҿɲ˵ҪǱ֪һС˰
ǺðԲ˵ҺٺЦţ¶һڴ
ΪҲʱֵȻûüֵֻȥˣɱ֮ߵǸˣʬʱ϶ʲô˵ˡ
˵ţƾҪ֣һץסذ׵ֻ֣޳ˣ˵磬ɱҡ˵


804 ηʥ
Ѷƹ˵һͦóġ
ΪԳƹļһܹͦһ֪ûóУȫˡ
ЩȻȤ
ԸֶˣǸҪȻҲᱻһص˸һɱħڻš
˿̼һˣұ˵˵ϳģ
ǼһݺһĭŵڿǳǽһԺ·ʮţǴԺ汻ڳһܴĵؽѣ˶ء
ҵ˵ͷ˵ܺãҺ㣬ھʹȥɡ
һƺЩҵĻʮˣƾһ˾͸ҵǹƥĹȥǲ
ƺ뵽һ㣬һγûзңҴ˿̵⣬ҴǵϳһһϣҲͻ˵þˣ֮ܳڶ
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ȴҲϸ룬ûˢӣ˵Ĵ
˵Щ˶Щͨˣһصķֶ棬ȫߣƾڵı£ҲǸҹȥһġ
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ĿԣҸѵ͵Ϯ
ҵݵתܿͿһžֵŵΪеذ׼̵ҵĺĵʱǰʮ׵ĵطͣô
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ת΢Цſʱֱ֮ͻȻֳһźɫɷʱ۵һҽУֻǸտʼȻֹΪһžͳС˹ȥݺݵײǽϣȻֻ۵Ļ鴤ץӣѾһƬڣǱ𿾹һðŰɫдһɸõĳζ
Ҳû˼ŻһԵСƼǸһ
˵ȣȲڣƾҵľԣСҲܻ͵Ϯɹ
һߵߣһֻŲסƣ붯һ£ٺЦϣܹĺȥҪˣʲôУҪȻĻһְ취Ūϡ
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һţϽСӹˣΨΨŵŵţͳȥ
ҿһСƼ˵úõ˯һͿԻؼˡ
СƼҵܸӣԥƬ̣Сʵ磬ҿ֪𣿡
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Ѿ˵ߵҲܣһԵңҵҲǶ
Ҹ󣬾ֱ¥߳ұݵĴţڴſڵλͣһСӣ˹ȥҴ˳ţҲ˺ϡ
ҵ
Ӧһ㷢˳ӣʻ˳ȥ
ѾҹԼһӣ·ϵĳ࣬ǽȳʻһξ֮ͻȻһУһɲͣ·ߣתͷֵĳŸʻϿ˹ȥ
⡭һ˿ǻ
̧ͷһԭ׽Ū˵Сһ֪ĳ˸ʻϡ
ƾնһ˳˭ҲŸ
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¡ֻܿĳ͵Ŀĵأˡҵ˵
תͷһۣſˣ涵˵磬Ǻηʥ


805 ƾɳ
һʼţ̵ԼǹĲҪҪġ
ҸʰһȻֿͻȻڸʻϵȣһһֲݵȣʱŵĶˡ
ʶ֮ͲһεĶ֣ҲһַŪǸˡ
£Сǳ׷ˣһֵĿңϵļŵһ鴤
ȣҲ֪ȻͻȻڸʻϣСѾͷɵ׽Ū棬Ĵˡ
ãҲƾͼƣٺһЦ¶һڴԵɭЦ˵ʲôˣֻҪҴ·ͺãоǱˣУŪҲǷַӵ飬֡
ͷ缦һ㣬硭ұ֤ľǡ
ʱҲע⵽ĳĶƺиָĶʵʲô
һæӶϽǸڶĶժݸҵͲװЩŮϵģҸղֵһһǷЩŮˣЩСֶΣοͱʲôġ
ϳ˻᲻˵ҵһҸСƼ˵ĻϳĶĻ¾鷳ˡ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ǱߵֻͲıǡ
˵Ҳ׹ΪʲôСƼʱҶ˵Щˣ֪ͬ鱻Ʒ֮󣬼Ҳֲʲô۶ӳ
һ֮ٴδߴ
ͷһ۸ʻŵȣһЦĿһġŵٴδһ£˵˵硭ܲСţҿź°
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˻ֵ֣˵ģûɶ¶ôͦͦ˰¶Ъţҽ͵Կڷһмӡ
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ôʲô¶Ҫǲʵֱӷֳˡˣ缸ЪţҵøϽˣһл˵ţ˳ӻĳŴԺ￪˽ȥ
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һһ˭ܲˣȻɥ飬Ӧ֪н³
ղ̸ݣҵѾٴջЩӸ˿˭ôǵĸģЩôͶЩ޸Ĺµȥأ
뵽ѾЩɱġ
ʱͻȻתС˵硭𣿡
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СѾͷɱ¶²ȥģҲֲվĵ̫ˡ
ֵСŸ磬ԺмֻǹҲŵĲҶˡ
ԡһȵԴȻ˳ȣֻܹǿġ
˳ϣ۲һ³ʱ򣬴ƳͻȻļһøһ棬ʱ͸ҿ˵Ѫ


806 ֮ͽ
øЩһ棬ʱŲͣ
ǻ֮УиСͷļһëϵİ߰Ѫһֱֵģһθ硣
Ǹͷ̧ͷһմѪëһһˣʵôһ˻ˣأ
С˵̣ܿͻ˵һתֵθ磬զŪģôѪˣ
һ˵Ǹθļһʱ˼໰ĳصķԣûȻҧгݵ˵ղ»Ūģôģǽһңͦÿӹȥ̵ǣû뵽ǾȻҧһڣһʱһ٣ҲǲֱӱҸˡ
˾£Ǹ׬ǮĸƢĸںʮָǳȥô׬ǮһθԵʮֱ׵˵
ôСȷʵĿǶûؾˣδЩϧˡʱһҲ͵
ѾЩ಻סˡ
ʲôôǣ
һϸ۲һߵĶٶ֣ûҪˡ
ҵʱСƼֱӱȫǺ´ݾߣҪǣŪƫŵֶѾҵķŭ֮⡣
С͵СɱԽһȸ㲻ʲôЩɱ˲գ۵Ĺ֡
Ѿڻ콭ˣȫһɥĲֶıȡ档
ǲûиˡ
ڳҽȭͷյĿ졣
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ҲͷһԲϣǹ׼ŵĹĵθ硭ҲǱƵġ
ˣīˣ㲻֪˭Ҿ͸ǣСүеŪġվ׿ĵطЦ˵ϵļֿʼȻĳ鴤ÿСʱǾ֤ҪѪˣֻβҪѪӻҪɱˡ
Ūǰͷһ˴һĸȫλεذףҾͳ˹
ƣһЩ֮ͽӦÿ϶кüɱ˵ˣϵƸͨȫһ۹һеġ
Щ˳嵽ߣʱһƵǹ죬󣬻û죬ӦװģҲеǹΪڣǰͷǹ֮ǰȾѾߣһֻСֱץסӣһ̧ǰͷǹֻܳϴˡ
СͷǸˣ˵ǹɱ˾ôҲû뵽ӣҪһǹģǹȴͻȻ׼ϣʱСһ£һȦƵĺܣԼ֪ôˡ
һ̣ǰͷһҽУΪðһɫʱһƤⱻζɢ˳
ֱӼɷ֮֮ǰͶǰͷˡ
սһǼ˳ҳʱٴεһĨЦֱǰһ죬һɢɫâĳԾȻת֮䣬ʶĿɷǺÿ
ȻⲻһѺÿĽһɱ˵Ľ
ֽнꡣ
ЩѪ꿪ɡ
ȻҵУЩ˹Ҳһ㶣һⳡǻЩܲˣҿħСӣ
һ֮䣬еĽֱӾ˳ȥԸǣò콣ֻƽƽɨȥһһǰ׳㱻ˢˢնһֱۣѪʱӿ

Ǹնֱ۵ļһһĲҽУصҹ֮С
ǲҽֻüгһ룬ҽһǼһԴ
һźôͷ­ѪٴӿȫЩҳ˵ϡ
ȥɶкˣŽкˡ
кͷն֣һֶͣξרΪɱ˵ġ


807 ƾյӵ
һ̣Ѿȫ˷ŭֻЩ˵ѪܽϨ
˹ϵնɱһˣҺ޹˼ɣǸ˵ѪʱǼҵ˶ʱһǼ˹һı顣
ô
ɱ˵ĹҲûôݵġ
һͿ˵Դֶκ̡
ǾֵıҪģҾǸо׵Ŀ־Ҿǳʱһ顣
ЩɱĹʱ飬һҪһ²С
ôһǴүǣһЩ޸֮ĹʲôͣǲǲǾǼʶʶʲôĲ̣ҪȻԲǸɱħڻš
ɱˣѪС
ǽƺǳѪζɫĹâת֮ƮһɫĹâڱ棬Եɷڡ
ȻʱңϵɱҪǽ֮ϵŨٱ
ƺܵɢʵʵɱЩҪҵһŵɫ䣬ס
ҽеĽ΢΢һ̧Ц֪ʲôɱСү̽ǡ
Ҳݣһ˾͸ǵĳӣҿǻˣͷģȫôһӴһкǼͬ飬ٴγ˹
һΣٴγ֣һȥͽǵһļһؿһԴһתֱӽСӵ飬߶ûüһСӾͱһ˳ȥɥ
Ǽһʬײ˺ˡ
һһذ״һֳ˹Ҷ˵һһԴٴγѪĵǡ
ǸԴļһڹԵԵʣӻǰͨһԵҵߡ
һһûκλء
Щ˶ͨ˵ײУҲЩСֶΣԸͨˣһ˴϶ûɶ⡣
Ƕ˵ǸոմӶϻµѧɶ˵Щ߹һ㣬ȫûһս֮Ҳͷġ
һ֮ڣɱˣֶονĲˣոˣˣˡ
ˣᲽǰƲ
һк֮󣬴Ƴֱܿ߰˸ӣŴǹһˮĴƬڡ
һϵŵʬ壬ûԴǻɶ˵ġ
˼棬ۺ졣
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Ǻӷ˿һ㣬ӵһȫˣһǹļһҲǹҴ˹
Ͼ͵ҵǰЩӵһ϶ʱ˰֮Уǵӵȫ֮󣬲Żȫ˵ϡ
Ҫ˵ղһɱѾϿֲĻƾյӵֶΣȺ֮ͽ°͡
СӲĺ칦ܣ
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΢һ鴤ǰ϶ʱɢ
ҵһΣâתĽͳȺ֮Уһɨǧƽض𣬵ϵʯ鶼Ȼӽ֮籡һĽľͳЩɱ˹ȥ
ǰ˶ʱǵɨУȫûзӦ׹ʱǵĽѾǵն˹ȥȻ˵ϰֱӾͻ˵ͬʱնء
Ȼն֮˲ܿȥǵϰ˵ϣܹԼ°ǵ
ûʲôȿԼһָӿֲˡ
˷˿޵Ĳҽ̼֮˵ĶĤ֮
ҵĽ״̼˵񾭣ЩȫŲˡ
ļɱֶΣֱǵ߳Ķޡ
֪ĸһͷܣƬ̣ҲܽƳ֮УЩŵܲģ̱ӸСһЩģֱӾ˿ӡ
Ҳżȥ׷ߵǸȿסİͷߡ
СðڵİȽɷȵϣʹ࣬СȴûнгǱס͡
ߵǰͷߣɿ֣ǰͷʱŷһĲҽС
ܿ͵ݵĲϣǰͷĽȻֹ־ֵĿҡ
θǰɣҳʵ
ҡλաôǵˣΪʲôҪԸǣǰͷżȵʹ࣬ʵ


808 ߵĵһ
ûеҡ΢Ц˵
ͷһ㶣λ硭û㣬ΪʲôҪԸǣ
Ϊҿǲ˳ۣɿ𣿡ٴε˵
ͷʱǳһı飬ɶ˵ƺ̫ǣǿһЩ
һ£ֵ硭ҲǵϻģĻ޷ƣɱңеǮ۶ٶУֻСָҹء
ǺǡһЦô˼˵ĻǼСոɱǸŮѵͲС
ȻҲǵϻģߵĵߵĵһͬΪıǮȫմȾ޹֮˵ѪǴ㻹ûɣҳʵ
θɫһڣȴ硭֪ˡɱҡ
ƣسɷ𣬵ҲǷֻ֪ѪծѪôɱıˣҾôɱ
ܹƽ
Ļ˵꣬еĽǰֱͣĺ
ҰνѪʱӿ
ͷ˫ס˲ѪĲӣѪǲӿҴ֮иܵĿ־;
֪֮ǰûһ˿ӦòаɣΪǮʲô鶼ܸɵĳ
ɱǰͷ֮תͷСվȫɵˣɫ԰ֽ亹㲻˫һֱڲͣĴŰӣʪһƬ
Ҳˡ
Ҷ˵
ͨһֱӹ˵ϣ촽µѾ˵ɻˡ
ų˷ѽ⡣
֮ǰ϶Ҳɱˣɱȴ³ӡ
϶ûмô׺ݵɱֶΰɡ
ղҲ̫ŭˣǸθոɱһŮ֮
·ٴ˵
һΣŲվ߶µߵҵߣ硭𡭡ɱҡ
£˵ɱ㣬ֻҪҳ΢΢һЦ
صĵ˵ͷ˵ҡ·
˵ţŶ㳯ǰȥ·ͷʱ򻹿һۣסٴδһ飬ǰͷѾһ˫ĿĴۡ
һôˡ
ʱ򣬾ǰ滹мŵܲˣĸƵģЩѾ˵ˣҾѾûɱǵıҪˣֱһһȫǵϣ˹ȥ
һص˽ɱħҲ̫ѪȣҪȻɱħˣղɱֻΪҲΪŭ
鴦֮󣬿϶Ҫйӡ˹ϾǿǵĹֳǿ˶ɱˣ϶̫ô
ŪԼҲкܴ鷳
Ҹ󣬴ƳкܶϾɵĻտҲһ˶ûˡ
ҿǰʵȥˣ
ҡǵҵֱͨżʮǰڵķնпǴǱˡ
ģٴʵ
Ҵȥ
رæǰ·ֱӴߵһӴķϾɻǰ棬ܿҾͿһĶڣǶԱһͦ壬Ʒһԡ
Щŵֻܣ˿ͣӶûиϡ
վڶԥһ£ܿ˳̨׾ȥһƬ
ոȥʱһǿ˹æס۾
ڴʱͻȻƬ˺ѿ죬һǿϣܽ롣
Щ˻ͽΪ˵һܶǾȻҡ
Ķ֮æһ㿪˿ĵƬƾŞųĸӦһ¾ץסֻŵƬҵֱۣϷֱӽֱ۸ˡ
Ȼһţ˵˹ȥ
Ӿš
ǰҶΆùôһУЩ̣ŮļһӦóζûߡ
ҵĶܿ죬һǳɣһ˺ѷεĺ˵ϡ
ͬʱҵ˷ֳ˺ܶˣеƬһҿ˹
ǵǴ֪ҿ϶׷浽һƬĵң۾Ӧڰ϶Ҫһ̣Ǿⱦһ˲䣬նɱڴˡ
Ȼǲ˽ҵݣһߣǲ۾ҲͨųĸӦ˵ķλ۾ĸ׼ȷ
ķ֮Һܿ췴Ӧеһ˺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
ҵһײҴǸֱӷ˳ȥǽ֮ϣȻҾǻĹͷѵ죬Ǹֱ۵ĵ˹ȥ


809 
һ˲ͽһˣһֱ̣ӽ֮м˳⽣֮ɫĹâתʱڵĵյһƬʣЩ˵ӰҲҾ۵ס
΢ɨһȦΧʽΧߵ˳˱ҴȥһʣµĻа˸ˣõȫǴ󿳵ֵ´һֳĿ쳣
ǿֵһһ£ܺܿٴαһƬЩ׼ҵķһѷȫɱ˹
ӳһȥ͵һеĽͳЩ˵̹ȥӵʱ䲻кü˵ĽױնϣһĲҽ
ͬʱҲˣҲûζֱӾֱͦͦɵȥûκη֮
ٶȱҵĻ죬գۼĹ͵ȥ
ղǸֵĻҵļһһֱתӣȻҾһصűرյ죬ॡһǶĴ
Ȳûȥ׷ͣȴһĴ㡣
ǻȥЩֹļһý˹ȥ
ʱսսŴ˳㽫ҵĵƸˡ
ȴ˵֮󣬿Ϻ˵ЩˣصѪŵһֱӴߵϹ
ҿһ۸ոմӵʵźʲôط
ź桭ĿռܴͨŷնЩŮҲ桭ΨΨŵŵ˵
Ҹʹһɫߵǰ棬ϸһۣʮֺأһǼӺķš
Щһ׼ʮ׵һ˴ǰǿŷأ˭ҲúüӲܴ򿪣ʱӷնֱˡ
նǸսźǻϼָʾڶÿʡжзնĹ£ϳҲУѾ˵̳
ǵķնûкܺõǻķˡ
ЩֱÿǵӦ֡
صȴסң΢һ֮󣬱еĽٴμΪ貵Ĺâֱó콣ĵʽ㾦
Ž֮ϵķתâҫҵ֮еҲһּ£Ȼ䱬һɫĹâӽĽ֮籡ֱӴǺŵ۴
ʯͷһȻҲǲһ
顱һ֮һɴ̱ǵζƮűһڴĿһŹȥͽֱ߿ˡ
ҪȥҶʱоһ־޴Σգһĺë
ڰٷ֮һʱ֮ڣҾһϣһˣһ࣬ӻûȫ㵽һ࣬һ졣
ա
ӵҪǮƵһˮĳ˹кһͣЪ
ҰԵһҿҸղŷӦļʱҪȻ͸ñɸˡ
Ƕ̶̵һ˲䣬Ҹ޷շ׵С
Ҳ֪Щ˾ʲô·쳯ǹģֻҪǹǹİӣǶǴҪʡڹϺͷļģЩһ﾿Ǵǹ֧أ
ҸղǶ񻹲һǹ֧ȻûǹѧǻҲǷǽȥͨCSˣǶʮϤôɱAK47
ߣ󲿷ֶܵסӵһǹȥҲ׵ıŵ
ջҲ׼ڶԷûпǹ֮ǰͲѾˡ
û׼Ҹү֣Ҳһܹסôӵ
һӵк֮ҵһֱڼ١
ɲðͷȥƬ֮ҴǬ˱֮һ·ߵ˹ȥ·һȥʱƬ
кüǹڶڣ͵ðͷء
ԥƬ̧̣ͷһ۸վһȣʹһɫôǿĻҲֻȳܹ㶨
ȵ˵ͷһΣֱӻһɺɷƮ˹ȥ
Ҳʱ䣬ʹ˼ƺߣܿûϢ
һ̣ұŽ꣬ֱӳ洳˽ȥȥ֮Ҳǽߣʲôȷֲ˵
ǰʮ׵ľ룬ſߵˣؿ΢΢ţһоǱսĺۼȻǱŪ˹ȥ
Щ˵ߣɢżǹǹAK47Χɢһӵǡ
治ϣôϷûа棬AK47
ǰһ·ҾͿȣվһԣ˵СŸ磬ղˣû׷ϡ


810 ŨѪζ
ӦһûжԣǼǰҴ·
ͷһҵǰ棬ȻҹѺЩŮĵط
ڶΨǴӣκεһ·ɱҲʶҵĺſǼҽ֮µģʮңֶαЩνĶ˻Ҫ׶ٱ
һԲϾɱ˵˸Ҳˣʲôè
ǰȿҲ̫ģЩ˿ȣǿҲκβ
ǰ鿴飬ں·Ǹɨġ
ǰһξ룬Ĺ췽ʽԲһˣһͦķն
Щֻڿһͨնĵطڷն򾭹ǵĸ죬ЩطؿһЩ˼䷿ӡ
նͷʩһжܹͨ
˶ʮ֮󣬺ִܿȵӰǰһš
߹ȥһŸǰһһģǵǰ
һΣҳһֱۣȹȥʲô˵ĻֱӷŵûǾò
Ƚȥιֱһ㾦ٴνŸˡ
һ߿˷ţȥطûʲôʮְЩϰ¡
һͷһһĭС˵ǰ߶ʮףмңѺЩŮ
ǰ·ҽ
Ȼ˶ʮ֮󣬺ܿҾͿʪĵңһָϸĸֽӳɵţסЩŮ
ЩŮԼ߰˸˼һʮƽҵĵŴûУֻڵ˼ϯЩŮഩű¶һһ
ƺоˣЩŮͻȻͱľһӵ߿
ǵ񿴵ʱԵЩ־壬ǽǵλ˹ȥ
ҴʱʱСŵͷ̧ȻҲû۸Ů
һ·߹ȥҿ˺üηƵĵң߼ӣÿһ涼һЩŮСĿȥҲʮ꣬ҲͶʮȥɫ
ǰߵʱ򣬻ǲƵη֣Ѻ˲һˣζҲĳģؤһˣãЩ˿ƺЩҿǵʱ򣬻ҺǺɵЦ
Ҫٵģؤ˺˶ŹЩŮȥֻǵĸҵѡ
ڹѺЩˣʱ㽫ǸųЩһųܣһײЩ˵ǹϣڷҵҲⲻȥЩ˻ǵŹӡ˹ɡ
ͼҵͻؼȥ˵ֱҽԺ
һξ룬вƣȶһˣôһֱûлأ
ϸоһȵϢһжڣǷʲôԾĵط·ɡ
ǰʮ׵ľ룬Щηûˣǳڰ칫һڵġ
ÿһ䷿ӣҶý꽫Ŵ򿪣ȥɨһۣûʲô©֮㡣
ЩﶼŵƣЩǻϢĵطźܶ´
ЩǳԷĵطĳһһðĻƱľƶûкꡣ
ȻߵĺܴæҪҵĳ֣һڳŻŸ衣
ˣһ·ɱƲɵŵǻæӴܡ
һһڰ칫ҵڣһźܴİ칫Ϸ̨ʽԣǰ칫Աһ䣬ֻˣϻɢżź쳮Ʊ
԰˰Ǯߣ浱Сүǹٵˣ
նĺĵطִһ䷿ӣⷿһ򿪣һŨѪζƮɢ˳ʶҾսеĽ꣬һԣһץԵʵ䷿Ǹɶģ
˵ǡǽҡרȡĵط
üͷһֲôѪζ
һԥֱ˽ȥ⴦һ䣬ͷϵĵƺרõƣյһƬѩס
ⷿİܼ򵥣мλ÷һһм̨䡣
ŨѪζǴɢġ
һŽ곯̨˹ȥ˿һˣһŮɣȫĳģǰ˲̨ϡ
ѾˣϵѪڻͣȻǱöԴǻ͸Ѿٿ߻Ӱţоһոɱһ㡣


811 һ߸ʬ
ԵĻ棬ѾЩƽϢŭһεıȼˡ
ôһȺȫսҵޡ
ղһýնͷϽЩˣ̫Ѫȣڿһ֮ͻȻ;Լ̫ʴˡ
Щ̫ˣҾӦýǵ֫ȫնϣ
Ǹ˲˿ˣֲڣиЩ׬ǮʱûԼҲֵܽãҲиĸŮ
֮ʬҲҪ̤һͳÿһųƱѪܵġ
ҿ̨ǸŮ˺һ̲סһ
סЩ΢΢
ŭһѪҺٴη
ҲٿǸѪܵĻ棬ߵǱ丽֮󣬷ȫһϴ˵ĸ١
ֻһۣұ㽫Źˣͷʵɱˣʬˣ
ҿҵ۾˵նҸطˡû˵ֵطҲ˷֡
ҺǺЦһҧгݵ˵Ǹɵĺ£
ͨһֱӹ˵ϣſǻ硭ҡֻһСආҡûɱˣոǸûá
·
սս߳ңǼǰȥ˴Լʮ֮󣬾ûκپεĵطˣȫȫķն¡
ֻߵ˾ͷ֮ǰֳһصţסǵȥ·
Ҵ㽫Ŵ򿪵ʱһɺɫɷƮ˹۳Ρ
ȳ֮󣬱Щֵ̿ĸ˵СŸ硭ǰкöˣһȾúµĶڣȲҹȥ
ԥһ£вɣȻȺµĶڣ˵ԷǱߣǶһЩŵˡ
ǱкܶˣŪҹȥͶ
һ̣תʵûжˮ߶һЩ׽֮ڣ
ϸһ˵һЩⷽŵ˵ģɱһ㶼Թأ˹֮ǣһ㶼ȥʬ壬ЩҲ̫ûãԭҴżֵܵɵģ˴ӣͨԾ͸һɡ
˭û˵ֱ꣬ӴĻʵ
Ż϶Ž˵רŸ˼Ұ¶ģҲ̫Ż֮еˣһʼ͸ϴ󶡵־ġСڶ֪޲ԣͲһ㣬ȫ˳
ĻһŵģΪѾû˵ٻĵ
ܿ죬ҾһȻǱȱȽηĶڣȹȥٴα˵ȴȥЩη֮йѺˡ
¾ֱӳҵĺ·һ˽Щηתߣ͵ǰˡ
һɱЩҲ˵
ҵķԸ֮󣬻ЩԸߣǵҵΣա
ҡҡͷЦõģ鷳һжʦڡ
һʦȱȻ࣬СһʵڲУٻȥ
ȴת뿪ƿǵصţһֻշ䣬ָ⣬ʱϣһֻŽ꣬Сĳǰȥ
ǾװģһûʲôģֻһͿһˮ࣬ǷնΪһ壬˿Ϸ죬ǲϸֲطͨڵģǲûߣǾۼ˺ܶǰҡ
˵һ㣬޿֣ܹʰҡ
Ȼ߽࣬ûУЩģҲη塣
ڸմӶϻµ׳ͣո˵
ǵ֮󣬱ȥںһƬҺܿʹӵϵĽӡжϳĸߵˡ
Ƭ̵ͣЪֱǸС˹ȥ
Լм֮󣬸չһ䣬ǰߵʱͻȻ䣬һǬ˱֮д˳
Ƿʬĩ˵ǸСҲ˸ɡ
⸽⡣
һ̣ҵĽŲͷŻŽżǰߣͻȻ䣬ҾýµʼһЩ죬ҪջȥţʱĵͻȻһֻѾõֱۣһץסҵĽףҵĽһһ߸ʬֱӴӵ֮±ק˳
߸õʬҿɥʧӰ֮еЩɥʬһ㣬ģʮֲֿ붼û룬ҽͺն˹ȥǸʬֱֱӸնˡ


812 ʬ
ڴʱһ˵ĴЦͻȻӷնЦǾߴ֮ĸʬĶȻֹͣǱסһ㡣
ЦҵһЩ̧ͷЦԴȥ
ʱԶͻȻ˼ǿҵֵ⣬˹OO@@ĽŲҲ٣ʮ
վԭأ۾ȥϾͳˡ
ʱǰ˾ͳҵǰǰʮĺӣһŰ磬һ˫ֶŨصüëۣʮֿ࣬һװ˾ŵӣſ޶׶񣬾Ǹˡ
ƣӦþ˵Żϴˣɶţϸһ£˽ж־
˵֣һҪһµģΪܿͻΪҵĽꡣ
Ƕ־ߣվŵһųӣҲʮͣӲߣһңװȵһӣôǶëȣüۣһͲ࣬ЦеĿңһгӣԼˡ
Ӧþ˵ŻĶʲôŽ
ϸоһϵĞųӦǸߣǞųǿһСɫѡ
˵վʮ׼ļһеõеǹЩŵĶ׼ҡ
ǵǺôĵӣһɱôˣǻңҲ֪˭
˫Ƭ̣ûסĻϴ󶡵־еĿָңŭ˵ôĵʲôˣΪʲôҪɱҵˣ
ʲô㲻Ҫ֪֪ϾҪˣػص
˵Ƕ־ıһɣâ¶Щ˸ˢˢĽǹ׼ңֻһ£üǹӵͻк
ʱǶŽȴٺһЦ˵ˣ֪Щ£ǲҪ̫ſ֪йһŻˣ죬̫ˣĿ죡
ŶЦһ˵ҵҪ˭ĸһЩ
ҵͦϲˣڴ֮ǰ֮ӦûʲôԹֺαشɱɱأǲʽΣŽЦ
ֻûд
Сȴ˵ɱǵˣǿԼ̣ҿҲЩ汾µˣǣһɣ׬ĳƱֻҪɿڣһΣ
ǵǮ̫࣬һſģֻһĿģǾǽȫɱ⡣Цŵ
϶˵ʲôϻֱӸɵǶ־Ͱ಻סˣֱһ֣Щ˾Ҫ
ʱŽһ֣˵磬żԸСӣɽƣȻбµסӵǿҲûãԸˣǵÿֶβС
˵仰ŽٴοңЦе˵СӣȻ㲻ʶ̧٣ǾͲҪĺˣص㲻ߣҪǹŹأȥɣ
˵УͻȻһеĶëȣʱ䣬ܵϵͻȻȫɶһ߾߸õʬȫǱŵЩŮ˺ؤΧм䣬ҴɨһۣЩõʬмʮߣЩʬ廹ûиãӦġ
һĻͻȻҲû׼һɨǧֱӺɨ˳ȥǰļ߸õʬն롣
ҴǬ˱ֱӽéɽ˳
˵ʵҲ㲻ŽͨʲôٿЩõʬģΪҿǲǽʬҲǷʲôʬ䣬Ҳ֪éɽܹܲƵס
ַţǧҲȫϵãͱʬŲٿؽʬƽʬķ͸ҵķһ
ȷЩʬΪʲôȫ˳ֻҪéɽ֤һܲܿƵסɡ
éɽʱŽЦĸһԶ־˵磬ⷨ洫ľѧһֱûóСӣԺҲһܹϣλܷģʬΧ֮£ǳ˳Ҳɲȥ
϶б£Ūȷʵͦ˵ģ˵СôὫЩʬԭ÷ţơ
Ƕ־ЦŽ޲ڡ
ǺܿǾЦˣһ塱죬ԭЩצĸʬ壬ͻȻǱԭһ㣬һˡ
ţЩõʬ͵תìͷֱӳŶ־Ǳ˹ȥ


813 佩ʬ
ŽǱĭӺɣĲֺ˵Ǽ洫İʬǶôôţȣԼˡ
һ̣ͻȻ;ЩͷˣΪЩԭĸʬ壬ĵתìͷǱ˹ȥ
ЧҲû뵽ģЩʬкüʮߣڼ֮еԹ֮£Ҳͬʱöʮʬɺëʬֻ״ֻ̬΢΢ζһéɽ壬Щõʬһ¾ȫҿסˡ
Щõʬȼ̫Ͱɣ΢ԿƣֱӾľ档
ѽ԰⡭Щʬǳ˹ˡڶ־һ˾
ŽǴüɫ裬˵ľ֮תͷ߿˹
ƵЩõʬ±ƿ֮󣬶ʱɫ䣬⡭ôܣôҵİʬ󡭡
˵УŽеǰѶëȣһ˺ü£ȴ˿ãЩʬǳǿٵ˹ȥ
ѽҲݣ쿪ǹ쿪ǹŽҲܵˣָЩǹɨ䡣
ѾշƵǰγһϡ
ǹɨ֮£ûʲôԶܵĵطֻϵֵЩӵ
Щӵ϶ǴЩõʬ֮ϣߴĺ١
һĽʬǿͭƤǣǹ룬ΪͨĽʬҲˡ
ȻЩõʬ岢ûдﵽʬļǹɨ֮£ܿ͵ʮʬ壬Щһ߿ǹһߺˡ
ȻҺܿ췢֣Щʬ嵱Ум߱ȽʵʬéɽĲٿ֮ѾʼʬˣǶôǽʬֻǱʬһȼͨʬˣʬȫЩӵڵأӵǵϣֱӱ˳ȥǱԾȥЩʬ֮ʬĸΪǳͷָף˿ֲ˻֮
־ŵһ˸ûüһȺʬ֮еʬ巢ʬ䣬еǹЩʬɨ˹ȥ
Ųʬ嵹£͹ԳѾʬʬˣȷֵĻЩµŽһˣá佩ʬˣܣ
˵УѾһ߽ʬƽǣŽת֮ʱеǰѶëͻȻһŻɵһ¾ǽʬϣǽʬʱǱײһƵģ󵯷˳ȥ
Žĳһ֮ҲҾһЩɶͷԵĶ־ͳźȥ
Ǿ߱еĽʬڵϲ˼£ܿͦʬ𣬼Щ˹ȥ
ܿ죬˱ʬһУſҧס˲ӣһƤͳһ顣
Ȼʣ߽ʬҲɱȺ֮Уҵİһ˲쳹ն֮С
Щ˵ǹȻֹ
ŽСӹЩ£ǷһЩŪ޷ǰʯͷԼĽţõɱ˹ߡ
ǹͣʱһɢǰϣɫһǬ˱еͭǮ˳ֱӼ˱ͭǮǼʮöͭǮɢЯϰٵͭǮһͬЩʬͶ־һͬ˹ȥ
ǰһƬ󲿷˶ͭǮڵأһ̣ͭǮ·ŽǬ˱֮У˽УһΣͳŶ־Žȥķ׷˹ȥ·ЩܹվˣֱһȥǵȻ񱼶ȥ
ŽͶ־ӵٶͦ죬ȫЩµǲˣҸϣĿһЩЩ˸ӲȥˣȫҪǼ߽ʬ֮¡
ҵٶȺܿ죬һֱ׷ȥ˼ףڿ˵ıӰ
ɲǼ䣬ǵһΣʧˡ
׷Ǹطһиϵ¥ݿڣӦնĳڡ
ҵ滹ͭǮ׷˳ȥתһȦȻֱӿ첽У˳ڵĵطһԾǰ˳ȥڵϹȦ֮ٴη𣬳ܾĴ
̧ͷһﾹȻһƬĽҰأΧмƬС֣Һܿٴ˶־ŽıӰѾ׿⣬Ǻܿٴ׷ȥ
˻ͷһۣһƬС˹ȥתۼֲӰұС֮ͻȻоЩһεĿ
ǺҷŻ˽ŲŽ꣬ȥСֵǰͻȻӰֱͦͦվҵǰ棬һǺɴ棬ǵϣҸоһֲһϢߣʮǿ


814 жɫ
һЩ˵װ磬ͻȻ;Щ죬ִҼܶΣһص˲ģ
ѵЩһص˲ɣ
ǣҲûκηѾ֮ǰǸ°ɣխҪסңҪ۵ġ
ҵĽŲŻɳǰļһ˹ȥжʮ׵ʱͻȻ䣬ҵֱַ߳һļһߵٶͦ죬ǽȴڵûŪκ죬Ҳʵͦǿߡ
ҸоҲͱΆΪԲһЩ
վǰһʵǿһЩ
ͣʮҵĵطվһֻŽ꣬۾ǡ
ʱ򣬴ֿ첽߹ˣǸոʧõĶ־Ž
ʹ˼ˣС̫ôײˣһߵ˲ȫɱˣҺ϶ò̫˳ҪһҲǷնˡ־Щ˵
ʹСаŵĺܣոҵİʬ󣬶һмʬ˽ʬ̫ˣҲ֪ʲô·һɱˣûġŽҲ˵
Ǹ֮ΪʹļһǺһЦȴţе˼
ʹǼȻѾͶǣÿ¶ôǮҪҵֵǶ챻СӸɱˣһʰ֮ҪԴԿǶ־б۾һۣݺݵ˵
ʱʹԱߵһȴ˵Ȼϴ˶ˣҪǻʲôأ
һ˵־Žһ㶣Ƕ־ͱЩ˵˵ʲô˼ѵǴӲ𣿡
Ǹ֮ΪʹļһҲ˵һ䡣
ȥҪڧҧһëĽࡣ
Ȼʱ򣬻ŽȽϻ飬Ķ־ļȻһ񣬿˵Ҷ粻ǷֶĹأλ˺ģЩ˾ˣûʲôϧģֻҪҺͶڣܿһƱǮǻÿոֻҪֵܹסǣǰһʵ̫ɺˣǵĲ·ҲǻλĲ·ǵĵˣͬҲǵĵˣλ˾ǲ
С⻰˵ǰǮƣ֣Ҳ֮Уˣ°ɣʰ˱ǡʹߵһºӣʮŵ˵
λ˵ļǣǼȻͶǣǾһˡ˵ţŽͷһۣŶ־ź˼
ʱҸȷһ飬⼸ͻȻðĺ˿϶һصˡ
Ϊֻһص˲Żʹƺ
ʹһЩߣǳ֮Ϊȷ潫רų󣬶ԸӲӵĸ֣Ϊʹ
Žһ½һصһֶʹ˹һȷ潫ĸ֣ɼһ˻ʮӵġ
ֻӵĳ̶ȻΪǲ֪˭
һʼҶ㲻һصӴڰôȥģһڰͷ¶棬ҪԷ£ҲҪȢӣһжҪǮǵǮأ
һЩԼһЩаĹ֮⣬ÿֶӦöһ˸׬ǮЩ˻ߣܹͨ·׬ǮάһصֶС
ŽͶ־ֻ֮ǸṩǮƵˣһûüֵ˵ͷ֡
˿̣ұĸһصֶĸΧм䣬Ǳ֮Ϊʹĺ´һۣĿеĽ֮ϣȻǰһ˵
۹⡣ҺٺһЦٴ¶һڴ˵ѽֻɱˣմѪŲţ
ʹ۾Ҳ࣬˵Ҳš
һصˣʵ
Ҳͦ۹⣬Ȼʲô·ˣΪλԹԵĹܷϷһȫʬʹٴ˵
ҲţҪԼ˶ϣҲȫʬҼЦ
ܿ񡭡ʹ˵⻰ʱϵƿٵ˿ߴ࣬ͦǿ
ɲɫ˵жɫСүһֱô񡣡
˼ϷͻȻܸȤˣȻˣҾ͸һҼסĻᣬ˵˵ɣʲô֣ļաʹٴ˵
Ҳ֪֣Ϊ㽫ǵһѽϵĸ֡ҵ
ܣһص㶫ֶʹһ˵
һص˽ɱħҲһֵ
˵ҵֵʱǼ˵ԵĶһ£һ󲽡


815 ǲ
ЩֵĵһӦһ󲽣ٴһ㣬־Ž֪ҵ飬ĸ˵ķӦȫɵ㶵վԭأһˣ֪ʲô
ǸܵļһﵹһҲҵңܿһУǵıЩأСһЩԲĶȫǼ̣мһӣӦýɴǺټһֱУԽټ֤ԽǵգаٳҲ֮ġ
һΰ˵һ仰սӵˣսҪӵˡ
ȻҴ˿ȫ䱸ȴɱֵ治ɫŽվһ
˫Ƭ̣Ž̾͸оͷЩˣŶ־˼վЩ˵
˺һܲŵĸ
ҺǺһЦʵ˺ܶ𣿡
Ǹ³зֶһɱǶٶˣ³зֶü³ˮȫնɱƺЩƵģٴȷһ顣
ɱġҵ˵
õҵȷ֮ЩٴεŽͶ־ҵҲˣ꣬⻹
һɱ˶ٶˣֶĶɱˡ
һֶŶˣСһˣǽһһصķֶˣ⻰˵ȥ˭ţ
ǣʵͰ˵ǰɵǲš
ܵ΢΢һΣʱͲܵˣһŵ㡭㲻³û¶ܵɶ
СүԸ⣬ǹܵ𣿡ҲˣղŻһĪģڵ֪ҵĴʱ̾
ܵعܹܿȥô
ִү˵ǰ㣬ɱħڻŻʮõģϣһɱħ֣ĸ˲֡
ټϽҽ־ǰһָɱ˲٣״ʮֲңȷҾ
뵱³зֶ棬ұٸһصĸΧӣͬʱԸüұնɱܴ⼸ǲҴġ
ȻʱҵһϾǼ˵еǿŻˡ
ǲ֪
ʱߵһͻȻյĶߣС˵˼ʲôҲûüͷ΢Ǻ˶ʱ㵽һߡ
ʱܲŶ˵ˮˮڶ־Žǣ㶫ֶˣ˱ãǾͲˣʹ˱
˵գһ֣ĸ˵Ķʱ£һңˡ
꣬ʲô
оǶֱ֣Ӵ˾ߣ
ǹҪģֱûޣԼ˶ˡ
һСĻͱŰǧٱˡ
ʼնûǣҸһص𣬲ݵ֣Ȼˣ׵ѡ
˵־Žʱֽš
Ž̵סܵ˵ȥ·һɫ˵ʹÿ¶ǴѵǮϣܹǣӲӣǲܲܰ
ܽŲһ٣ۿŽŭô˭ãƫƫСǲԼŰɡ
˵գһ֣Ҫ뿪
־ҲǰһסǣŭҲݣÿ¸ǴѵĳƱȫι˹ѵˣ
Ҫӵ·ҪȻɱ㣡һǰ˶־һѣһ½Ƶ˵ϡ
־ŭɶҪҿɱ⡣
ܹҵֵɽۻ֮ȻŽȴǱȽϻ飬һѰס˶־ٴζ˵ʹ㲻˱尡ֵԺ󽭺˭һصӢЦ
ܵ۾һɣһŽ༥תҪߣȻҪĻ˵ôࡣ
ҿ˫ҲǴˣֱӵ˵šȻˣôס
תң㲻Ҫ̫Ѿһ㻹
𣿵Сүǣɡ
˵գֱ˽꣬һݲ֮ͱ߰ףֱӳɱȥ
ܴ󾪣һֱӽеķɴ˹Ƿɴһ׳з֮˺ѣֱҵ˹ǺֶΡ


816 ɱ
һԴķɴ˹ֱеĽῳ˹ȥ
ײһ𣬷һ޴ĺ֮ҸоеĽ괫һɾ޴ķ֮
ͬʱߵҲ׷˷ڵĳ˹
˶õͬһַַһصп٣һֿĿ־һõĿȫһһصЩõĵȻɱ
һҾ͸ӲӲֱӶƴһǣķɴý굴˳ȥеĽҲҵһ顣
ûнϻµ֮ǰղߵĻҿ϶ţѧүҾ֮ͲһˣҾҪԣԼֶε״ﵽһʲôˮ׼ܲܽһصնɱڴ˴
սһҵɳȥܵķɴ֮˵ѿʱһīƵĵӰҷסе·һʱ䣬ѹƵЩ͸
һСĿռ֮ڣֻвϵתŲеĳΪµܵķɴѷɴֱײм϶ɱֻҪһ£ǲҲ϶ˡ
õģǿһҾЩˣ֪ղžˣֱʰˡ
Ǵ󻰶ˣƴҲóס
֮䣬ǲɱ΢һ˿һС͵ö
ЩҲǷ˺ˣ֪ǸݽɫһȫȫҵʹһʮΣյľء
һ˲ĹҾƴʮУ׼һ϶Ǭ˱һͭǮͭǮһóҵͷ֮ϡ
һֻŽЩƴɱһֻ˷߶˱ͭǮͭǮâһֱͷϾͷѽ⿪˱ȥ
⼸һͽҸΧм䣬ܹķΧСдҲʩչֻͭǮչһ¿ռ䡣
ͭǮһ̷ֽɼʮöͭǮЩ˲Ҵâ׷׳һԶ
ҸͭǮķ˼
ʱֻһ˺һͬ׷
Ҽ֮ʱ͵һת콣һɨǧʩչ˳
͸ضүϵһ㣬˺޷ɳҿٱ֮ɫĹâתһ֮䣬һХ֮һֱӴǽ֮籡һɫĽ⣬ľͳǺ˺ܶȥ
ǺѾҺܽˣӽ֮籡Ľ֮ٶѾˣֻ΢΢һ࣬ǽֱӾնؿڣ͸Ȼͷܵķն˹ȥ
ܲЩֶεˣǽ̾ͷӦ˹Ƿɴ֮Ӻܿ쳯һ˹ȥԭعȦòǱ
ˣǷɴҲɳȥʮԶ
ǰǸ˵ֱӱһضΪأ°վﱣһĶϰͻ˵ϣһأ͸ˡ
նɱһˣĴұ˵ֻһ㶣ʱŭɶٴγɱ
ǳұҲǱ˹ȥ
ڱǵͬʱеĽ곯ǰһָ׼һˡ
ǾȻ뵽⽣֮л̺һɱУ֮ҵľʱٴμ˽꣬콣ʽ㾦
һɫĹ籡ֱһ˵ؿڶȥ
ǺŵĻһŲֻüһ£ǵӽ֮籡ɫʹ͸ؿڡ
ԽԶɫͻԽ֮ڣɫȴҲȭͷСʱ˵ؿһѪѪﶼܿСˡ
Ǻֱͦͦɵ˵ϣ鴤£
һֱŲˣԭĸˣӶҵĽ£Ͼͷġ
һ֮ǺתŶ񱼡
ʱתͷܵķһۣԭѾ˱ɨǧɳȥķɴ߱˹ǿһֱͬɱ֮󣬵ûһսֻԥһ£Ҳתˡ
ӣһֱһԿŶ־ŽƵҲҪתߡ
⼸˲ӣߵķ򻹲һŪһʱ䶼֪׷ĸ˺ˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ뵽һԸǵİ취еĽ곯һָһֻ˼־һˮ


817 һ
곯һָ˷ۣӿ֮䣬һɰͨ˵ɷ֮һΣһХ֮Ұ֮䣬ɽֺХҶ죬һ֮ҷԲʮ֮ڵľ֮УͻȻ˱Ѱ죬֮ըһӣͬʱӳʮöһЧ
һʱ䣬ըĳм䣬һˣŪһòǱղŻھţһ
ڶ콣ĵڶʽˮյĻرãŪһû뵽
Ժ⽣лϸϸĥһС
Ұǿѣվ˳ôһжʱһϲ
үĴоǹãǼŲͬļһ˿ȫ˵ϣûһܹվģ֪ǱˮĽи˹ȥֱӾˡ
ǳҶǸ˹ȥС˫ȺǶˣһֹĻţԴѪҿŻһڣûٶֽ
Щ˻һڵĺãһұȽϺýǻܹǿеõһص㶫ֶϳصҲܹ˳ϣһֱӸȥ
ʵҲҪаа֯ĳֶ滹Ǻ׵ģֻصĺ֪ôа̣֪ںδ⡣
˵ɱħֲɱ񫣬ȫնɱȥֻҪû˷֮һ㲻ٶˡ
ҽֳܿ첽ȥʮ׵ľʱܵӶһ£̧ͷ˻ϵܸղǱаˮը˹ȥӦ˹ͷ߿һۣʱŵĻһ£붼û룬ܡ
ܵΪͲӦЩҪѸ࣬ʹеʱΧĞųĶݣܹоģԣڵһʱ̾Ͷ㿪˞ųΪܼһڣӹһ١
ҿСܵʱȲƺһЩˣܶٶȻЩȡ
㶫ֶĿΪʹڶһ֮£ǧ֮ϵĵλ
ܹСӸ׽ˣǾǵһ㡣
һʼҶ־Ż鷳ʱ򣬾Ȼû뵽ǻһصйϵҲϹèӡ
Ȼײˣǿ϶եˮһص鷳ء
һ̣Ҿ˽꣬һĹֱӳܵķ׷ȥ
׷ȥһľ룬ܵЩŲסˣһ·֮ϣҿа߰ߵѪȻȷʵˡ
׷ӵĹ⾰ұʮ׵ľ룬ܱ׷ĶЩˣһһε˵Ϸԩ޳ϲҸʲô׻˵һߣպͲܷһء
ҷ㣬ͷһ˹ʰң㵱ɵ𣿽˲ңһܹС㣬ͱж˿˰ɣڽƮܲҲϽˣӦ֪Լôһ졭
һ׷ţһ߲֮ľ롣
ܻͷһۣˣʱҵ˵ҷġҷѪģֻҪŹңҾԲ鷳
ˣҵܣûţ
˵仰֮ҽż͵һ棬ֱ˹ȥ
ܸоΣһ˹ȥǱһץס˽ס
˫˫أȷһžͳҵԴ˹һԴ˹ȥ
Ȼһˣֱϣ˱һţֱڵϷ
ڷͬʱֱڵϾѾԿĹ˺üУȭȭ⣬˫˶Էȭš
˵ʵܵʵ൱ҲֶεĻʤһ
ֻ˵ӣӦսʧȥȻ
·ʤ
ǳţ»
ڵŤһվ˫ҵľ롣
һΣܺˣŭȻ㲻һͬѾ
˵գ˫һֱӴͲﻨذ׳ٴγ˹ҲǷ˺ݣһҪ£Ҳǿֱ֣洫ƣ˫֮Ʒ𣬾ͳ˹ȥ
˹˼֮ƺһЩߣƺоˣҵΪߣƴĻһԿǺɵذףֱӸҶƴһơ


818 ɱ˲ͷ
ҳ꣬ڶϻµ´˾Ÿ£ΪͻͽͬնΪӸЩڽϻʮʮһȣȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ܹ֮Щһϸ֮ΪүķͷţҪô֮зӡеأ֪֮١
ȻүЩֶ֮УΪز©һУƣĵһƣƽƽ棬ʵܹҵ˲Ŵ౶źܴԻΪΪҸ࣬˫ƶƴ֮£ұܵصˣһзΪʤľ淢ܹҵɱ
ɱң˵ǿ϶ǳ˷ͷΪ³зֶȥЩ˱ѩޣܵõħأԺһص֮еλҲȫһˡ
ԣһĵЩȲ˫֮䣬ǻֱӽֱ֮ϵˡ
ֻƽƽ˫ƣȻ˫ƶײһ
ֻ΢ķˡžһ춯ƶײһʱҷһЦЦֻά˰ٷ֮һͽӲϡ
Ϊһ̣һɰҵ˫֮ӿֱӹע˫֮С
ܵɫ˲ɫ۾ɵԲЩţһſھһѪӱֱ˳ȥײһС֮ϣСײϣڵϴ˼
һеֱ֮׷ܵӶȥգۼ͵ߣ֣еĽѾĲϡ
̧ͷһۣʱң˵ʤ߿ܣϣˣɱҰɡ
»ûôס
˵һ㶣㡭㻹ɱ˲ͷأСӱ̫
ҸøϻеĽһֱնֵֻֽܷһҽУһ˫۾Ѫ죬ĵңҾ
ҷϵ˫ֵֻһ㱻еĽסĺ󱳣˵֪أڻҪǲĻһַʹڴ̥ǲţ
ܻĶңܹɱ˵ĻҹƵñɱһٴˡ
Ȼ壬ӣ֮ջǰ̾Ϣһ˵ôľʲô·ֱһص˶ڣ̫ûˡ
üӸһصгɣһصҾͺ޵ⱲӸҲǲˡҵ˵
һصˣ
ûУɱҵŮˡһص
ҲɱǶٶˣҲ˰ɣٴμ
ɱһˣţҵٴαĺ
ܻһȻýżǣԭȵ·˹ȥ˸ղƴǸڣ˵ϵŵߺ˵ʬ֮⣬ж־ŽҲ
һŽߵĹ˵ϣʦִǬ˱˳ܵߣٺһЦ˵ʹ֪Ǻ
ܶŶʦֿһۣ֮Щ֮ɫãȻҡҡͷʾ֪
͵һޣһصȸħǱճһ̿ҪǸܵĻܿԣͿûħǸ£ܲϨȼյˡ
Ŀɿڴ֮£תͳŶ־Žķ˹ȥ
һǴ˴¼ʼٸߣûǣθӡǱ߲ýϾɱôˣҲҪи˵ǲǡ
ԣһﻹҪȷһûлš
ߵߵʱ򣬷Ѫ߰ߣԴҲЩѪؿ΢΢ǻһڡ
һ½־˹Ϻݺݵһƣ־תѣЩãȻĿһۣɫҪſ˵һֵȥͿĲϣٴ˹ȥ
ֽŽ˹СϵûѪҸҪȥʱͻȻ۾ǽһ
ȻûԤϵʱŽСʲôȻ䳯˹
ɫһһŵľȻһźɫķһ֮䣬ǺɫķֱӾ͵ȼˡ
һźɫĻ桰䡱һȼһźϯ
ţûж㿪źɫֱӽҸסˣʱҵӡˡһ죬תһֶķθĸоʮǿңҵ˳


819 ɫ
źɫķȼһɲǼ䣬Ҳ˵ʲôо֮رֲһźֱӽҰסˣƬ춼һ㡣
һͷԵ˵ϣ²ֹת
һֱҵСɫŽȻôһ֣ȫûԤϵġ
մ㣬췴ǱӥϹۣһСɫȥ
Ǻϯȫ֮һǿǿҵĲʸУһԹ˼ȦŽԶһЩһа֮һ̿϶Ҫɱҡ
ͼվߣǾǺ˾һ㣬һոûֱڴԵ˵ϣָоǱˡ
ӿֲǣҸ֪Žղȼźɫʲô·Ҳ֪ʲôƽ֮ŽѾλƵվŶ־ߵǰѴ󿳵ֱӾͳҿ첽˹飬ӵĺ¶ҽţȣүʬΣ
˿̣ҿŽһѴ󿳵ٳӰҵȴʣǸһˮĻ
ڵҷŻ²ֹķ˳ÿͼվһӿ϶ٴε˵ϡ
ڴʱҵ˷ͻȻ˺ܶӰӣЩһûд·ŮȫƶǣһֱӳϾײ˹
ÿһŮײҾ͸оԼ걻ɿҧ
ۿţŽеҪϿʱͻȻ侪һҿʲô
˵仰֮ŽŵĻһֱӵеĿתͷܣԼԼ䣬ҿһźɫСƮ˹ȥֱ׷Žȥˡ
С϶Ƕʦ³Ԫ֮ʱһ
ҸоԼ˿ޱȵѣڿٵıš
ҼȥʱͻȻ뵽Ǭ˱еķʬߣ֣һ˽ȥʬ߸˳
ʬһҵеʱĩ˵С㿪ʼҵ˸ԭЩХ⺿ŵŮ׷ױʬϵĿֲ˿ȥЩģֱӱʬ߸ɵˡ
ϰźҲٵıʬ߸˽ȥ
ģҲ֪˶ãǿҵĶĸкѣһһȥҵʶռλ
ҿʼܹܵľˣϵȴС˺ܶ࣬Ϳһ㡣
ܿ죬һҧ֮еٵת˷ڣŸоࡣ
һתͷɹʦѾվңңĳ߿ϵٴڣҺĽ˼ǹС
ҸղŽʦָ˳ܣҪȻղŽ͵Ϯҵʱ򣬲ܻܣҵСҲ᲻˵Ҳ֣һҵ
ܻǼɵڶʦϵߣղűն˫ֵĽҲһ֮١
ҺܿٴתͷŽܵķ˹ȥŽѾܵһƬС֮УСײһϣȻ󡰺䡱һȼɲǼڿն𣬺ܿ컯һŻҽ
ôģȻСӸˣĳԹĿ
Һ޺޵һֱ˷ʬߣͭǮ˳׷Žܵķ첽ȥ
һȥ˺ü·ҲſŽӰСЩŲ·һ·ײײüζ˵֮ϣȻܡ
Сӿ׷˹֮󣬸µĴ󺰴У˹һ㡣
СΪΰңһˣû뵽ܻţҸղŵĺݾ϶ǻƴܡ
Ҳ˺ģƴȥ׷оʱֱӼ˱ͭǮ󣬷ɢɼʮöͭǮ͹ȥ
һʼʱŽܽһЩϰ£ĹҸ֮ľ˺ܶ࣬һ·׷׷ͣͣۿǰһЩ񷿵ʱͭǮкüöͭǮ˵ڵϣ۵Ŀ޵
ҷŻ˽ŲջͭǮУܿߵߣû뵽ǣСӾȻк֣ҿҪƽʱһǶëȳҴ˹һɵĺ֮䣬ǶëϵëȫɢȫµҪ˹
ղûзŻİ㣬Ȼ׼ëȵʱֱһϣҵǰЩëһϱ㲻ôֱĵ˵ϡ
Ž͵ϮɣֱѪֹȣ˫ֳǰһһߴţҪɱҡˡҪɱҡ


820 ֶ
õģ֪ˣ͵Ϯҵʱôģ
һСɫУŸմӶϻµ׳ûչȭأǲ
ŻһŻֱ߹ȥŽһ˹Ǽ⣬ڱǳѪ˼ţֱӽСӴͷһ㡣
С¼ңҴ㣬ɪɪûƢ
ʱҲղǵɫʲô·
ŽҲսս˵ڡ¶һЩ֮洫ɫʮĻǼɡԾ壬ܵɫϵϢ᲻ҽҪմȾɫϢǻᱻɫзӡĶֱɵ⡭Ҳ±ֶΣ⼸ŪôһšҲûˡ
û˵꣬ҽָһƣԴһߣѪˮֱ
ö񶾵ֶΣ˶ѾṆ̀ˣȻɱժȥ˸٣ǶŹôƳ˶񶾵ĺɫֱһԶûˡ
֮񶾣Ⱥϱֵ쾡¡
үǣе޲ýж˿顭
һ֮Žƨ硭ˣһ˼ѪƵķȻáˡ
ҺǺЦһ˵ǲãֻǷһЩѣҪСүӦʱ¾ͱ˰ɣ
Ҳҡ֪ˡһԺҲ캦ˡŽధ
ҪǶôĸһɱˣ˶£˵ǸĻˣȫµɱ˷Ͷǰɣ
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һֱ̣Сӵӣһֻһԭĵطߵһɻǹڵϣʦֿĺܽ־ǻڵû
ҹһ͸ˡ
ֱӴӶ־һֻһ¹ӡĵ绰Ȼ˹ȥ
ҪҵֻûˣϹæ¶ˣһֱûü硣
˯˯ʱһӵҵĵ绰ӡԵЩͷԵɵɵģƿǸİĺ룬˭һڣӡ˳࣬Щϲ˵ֶӣɾɽˣ
ӦһҲûи˵ɾɽ飬ֻǼ򵥵ĸ˵һߵ
˵Щ飬ӡƺЩ̫ţƾһˣͶһʮ˵ķѣץסа֯һҪԱôÿŶȲ
Ҳûֱ˵ȷϣһұٵҪԱ֣Ȼⶡ־Ž֮ǰ϶Ҳа׵ģǺҪͨ˵ǵֵʱ򣬾Ͳɵˡ
ӡһʱޱ֣ڵַ֮˵Ͼͻ˹ȥټһ
֮УֱӾ˵ϣŹӡ󲿶ӹ
ڸղţܺŽҲҴ绰֪Ҫ͵ﴦá
ͷŭ˵ʲôʿɱ裬½ˣΪɶҪŸǣҪھɱ˵ɶҲڳ͢
Ҳ֪һ䵽ص϶ûˣʷˣصһ֣ǶԸߣԿƿֲһΪ
뵱ɽصĵ֮о̹һ
ҲôҵѾɲˡ
ܳ׷ŭǳ͢߹أ÷ˣӾͳ˹ȥõģүүص黪Ŀӣô˭أ
˵½ˣڵݱȽΣ˵ǽҲֻǰΪүүǻģһǸ߹٣ߵҶ߲үӵ֮¡
ԣʱһ㶼뽫Щ˽صУǼեһЩˮ
һصаֻ֯ǽİ࣬ĽţһѡԼķʽ漰ص飬ǲС
ûˣŽֿʼҽڵĺ˵ֻҪҿϷὫŻеǮң֪ЩǮʲôطһѱһģģʵҡ
һ˾׵ĳǹӵϣڹӡûд˹֮ǰͼ˵ңҵһ֮󣬱㲻˵ˣֻʹ޲ֹ
һүǣ޵滨ģ˿ûһ뵽Ƿնԩ̨꣬ϱʸĵĿŮӣҵıʯ
ЩӦõõӦе³


821 ǹԼ
Լ˰СʱĹ⾰һԶľ߶
һܺŽʱЩ񣬴˿ֱ̣ӽ˳УֻҪκη紵ݶеĽնȥ
ƺĵ̬ȣҲûнĶ
ֹ֮ҿ߰߿˹һװʮǹʵ侯սʿǺôų
мʮ׵ľʱ򣬳ϵ˾ͷ׷šһ춯ʮѸָǹеͶ׼ǡ
ȴҺҷҪȻͿǹˡ
ⳡݵĲ࣬һ־㱻յȻǹԼˣʶǹֳӡ
Щ˼еĳͻȻ䲻Ӱһ֪ʲôû߰˸ǹ˾ͳҿ첽˹
ȻȺ˵Уȴûпӡûʲô״̬£ֻҪ춯Щ˾ԥĿǹģӡӦø˵ˣ־һȺ֮ͽʮΣա
ԣʮϵĽ˫ֶ֮ϣסԴȻû뵽ǣЩǶͦصģһʮƷУһžҵĺϣҪ߷ڵأЩ䣬һΣգȫĽģ¶һǽʵʵҵĺϣȴûн߷Ʒи˳ȥˤĹǺ
һֱӾһѷĳ˹Ϊһء
ûҲûκη˼ԣЩ˳˹ʱǱһ˫ֱͷĶ
ȻڴʱûԤϵǣ͵ЩƷһѷҪ˵ڵصʱͻȻײʲôһȫ˳ȥݺݵˤ˵ϣеֱӻˤ˹ȥ
һǻ˵ãΧʮǹʵ侯սʿҲ˹
ҴһɨȲ֪ʲôʱҵߣһĹĵģɺɫɷתƾҪЩ侯սʿȥ
ȡҪæֹ
ȴתͷңʮֲ޵˵۸СŸ磬Ҳ۸СŸ硭
ǲ۸ңҪҪȻСŸҪˡҹ˵
㣬ȲΥҵ־ȴ˵ҵߣһȫ䱸ӣЩҳ侯սʿ
Щ侯սʿ˲佫ҸΧˣǰ֮û˵һǰ
ֻ˿տյ˫֣ΧЩ˵ɡҾˡ
Щ侯սʿ۵С۵Ļ࿴һۣһ߱㽫˳첽Ȼûߵߵʱһ³ǸǶ˹ȥһѣƵĵɳȥüԶڵء
Щ侯սʿʱٴһ㣬еǹٴζ׼ң𣬴Ҫ
ûǹ
һֱ˫ֱͷĶûж֡
Ǹʱȣ֮ǰ϶ûԤϵ
̫ˣ˿ңҲΡ
ʵûˣԸղǸƵķɳȥ侯սʿ˵ôŰɣңԼϳɲ
ǸǶһãȻɫƴûмɷԼҪģԴǽҶ˹
һѽסԼˡ
ʱղŵһҶֵƷг˹ǹ׼ҵţŭղˣʲôϷΪҲҿǹǰɣŲͱ㣡
ҿǸǶһۣ޹˵ҸղʲôûɰߵҺòã
㻹Ҷ죡˵ţǸǶŭˣ˶ȭͷͳҵϴȻȭͷҵϣٴε˳ȥˤһƨն
ǸǶʱ߳ŭæкߵļ˽ڵϡ
ס֣վǱ𶯡һʮϵұ˹
Щԭ˹ҲͣסֽţתͷȥһƷĹӡһ˹
ߵߵʱ򣬳ҿһۣ࣬ȻſǸƷУʵղŷʲô飿
֣ղСӾܲǵľԱǸƷߵ˵
򿪣ӡ
֣СӺΣգܴ򿪰Щ˼˵


822 һ
򿪣ӡԵЩջˣ۾һɣʮϡ
ֻӦһ˽ҴˣһΣȵûҵ⿪һ̣ϲЦտ
ҵ֮󣬹ӡ˹˫סҵ֣˵ֶӣղΪˣǲ֪еɱ
ģҶ⣬ҲûʲôΪϾ참ҲӦõġЦ˵
ʱ򣬹ӡתλǾֵԵףղҲǶ˵ôֳӣ
һ㶣˵֡ղЩ⣬ʱǲòȡǿֶΣҵʱҲֲĸԼˣԡ
ӡ˰֣û˵ȥʱЩ侯սʿѾ˵Ķ־ŽܵһһѺ˾
ܱϳʱͷһۣݺݵһ䳯͢߹
ȥүģСƢҪǿôˣƻȥһ١
һ飬ӡ壬˺ΣգҪؽ֣ѵİ취Ҫ͵صУаһص㶫ֶʹֶĺܣҲǻ˺ô󹦷Ż׽
֮ǰӡĹ֪صţʮأһ㶼صϵǣصİţӡ֪ϵصԱ
˵£ӡ˵ͷ˵ģһרſģҶ˼ͽ͡Ȼһ
ӡƺЩصӣʱҵע⣬ҿû˵ǵҪ˵Щʲô
һ£ӡüͷٴοң˵ǴǸƳŽȥģȻһ·˷նһ·֮ϵҶˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ˣղǴġ
ţʵˣЩŮȳ𣿡
ӡͷ˵ȳˣЩ˵Ĳᣬ͵ҽԺЩ˴˾֣¼ڹ
˵ӡɿһһת˵ֶӣ˵ʵŻЩ˶ɱģ
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵ǰɱģʲô𣿡
˵ӡɫһ䣬ٴοңһ˵һ·Ѫɺӣܶʬ嶼ϳأ˶ʮˣɱģ
˵ҶʱоЩͷˣɫɱģЩɥɱ޹ҷ٣ҾǸ
ӡҵ۾ٴ̾Ϣһ˵֪Щ˸ҲɱЩ黹Э飬ϣϹһ£һˡ
塭ʲô˼üͷһʱľ
ӡԵúΣҡҡͷ˵ֶӣΪ⿪ǵĹֳҪִɱôˣҲҪи˵һ³ǣҲûа취ϣ㲻ҪùΪѡ
˿̣˹ӡ˼˼Ż˸ɱҲɱͲһˣΪҼȲǾ죬ҲκιְԱȻɹйزų棬һӣɱôˣƨˣǲܵ顣
пܣһΪ鸺˷ΣװҲ˵
ĸС
һ뵽ҲЦһ£ЩΪһ£ȴõһ
ҲܹӡϾô˱ҸɱˣЩҲʲôаԱص˲ûв֣ôҪ˸
뵽ҵɫͳ˫֣˵ֳģǸҴɣʡһˡ
ӹһ±˹ֳһ¾ˣӡɫܲÿæ͵ֶӣҲȲѡϾְ
֪߰ɡҾͳһ˹ȥӡ̾ϢһҲûٶԣֱӴһ
ϳ֮󣬹ӡûн˸ҴֻںţһľԱ֮⣬ӡڸʻϡ
ʱ컹ûҲһ˳һϳ֮ҾһǱߵ
˵Ĳ࣬ʱЩѺŮˣûãӡʹŴϵȫ˳˳㽫һ˵ϴˡ
ȼǱûʲô飬۷˻ͷ˺顣
ҲףȸղڷնһֱϵֻŵģŽϵźɫ


823 
˵ŽСҲǹյģһʼҸоΪһ㣬ûнϾȻôһɱУҲһС
Ժ󻹵öСĲǣСĲʻ괬ʵ̫նˡ
ҸһɫѾЩˣǰ濪˾͹ӡһֱϳһ˹ģ
ڸ˵Ȼȴȣһ㡣
һ֮ȱȥĶһ˵¶ҾЩͷۣ֪զء
ˣȲܼ⣬䣬ϽǬ˱š
ȽǬ˱֮ұ㲻˵ˣĿǰԵúƽ
ӡüתͷҪ˵ЩʲôֻЩֹߣƺֲ֪ſڣֻա
мҲͦΪѵģʵһʼ˵Ƿʱҵʱͦζģо˺¶ȴ³ΪԼеֵ
˵ӡûʲôֻ飬ЩɱȻ๼ȴҵУұҪһ
һҷ˼ѾԹӡûκγɼֻһ˾֮УȻүүһ绰飬ұ԰ȻĻصϳˡ
ӿٵĽСʻһ·˴ҹڣҲЩƣֱӱ۾úϢһ
մӶϻµ׳飬Ҳǹߵġ
û룬Ҹոձ۾ûжãͻȻһ죬һҸո۾ǰһɲҵŲһǰϡ
ôˣʵ
֪ǰܳ飬³ӡ˵ţֱǹ˳ž˳ǰ˾Ҳγǹһ˳ӡ
˵⣬Ϊһɷǲ³ģϲûκҲû⿴ҡ
ǵҽԴ͸һʱ򣬶ʱЩ
ղɫɵģЩҪӣɫȷģƺȸղŸһЩҸӹŹֵǣȻ޶˵ããĴֱӴܹӵŨء
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һֱ̣ƿ˳ţҪ³Żûմ棬ͻȻһҽҶһȵѪֱҵϡ
ҹ˲òɾϵѪ̧ͷǰ濴ȥվһǸľԱֱͦͦľ͵ȥղų˵ģһӰ֮гֵĺӰһе֮ص˺֮С
ǵӰʧĺܿ죬ȴܿжϳݣ϶һصˡ
ҲֻЩаߵܹ֯óĴ
ǹĿֻһǾǾ߱һ׽ܡ
ܷҵ֮󣬱ûһսĵʱҪǼţȴǸˡ
֪һʱΣܿ϶ϵ㶫ֶ֧ԮҲп˹ɱҵġ
ȴûз֡
ȷһ飬Ǿ㶫ֶĴˡ
Ŀľǽ
ܿ죬Ҿʹӳһ۵ڵϵǸԱȻһ˹ӡߣӡֶֻǹڻܾĿš
һصˣӡЩ¿϶Ӧ˵ġ
Ϊߺ֮ͨĲ̫ˣЩȫװ侯սʿ϶ҲС
壬һصˡߵ˹ӡС˵
ӡһͷһۣ˵ô֪
ҿˡĿ⳯ɨһȦܷİŨˣ˵ֱŹӡĸ첲ͳŹѺܵȥ
ڵĳǣǰһͳ֮վʮ侯սʿֳֳǹһֱװݣ˴˻ΪǣϰȫЩһص˿϶Щ侯սʿ鷳һ¶棬ͻᱻɸӡ
رĸֳ֣ܶԸǡ
мĳѺɷҸŹӡģһҲͰˣ˵߾ߣǹӡҸǼҲܶһ˲ܡ
ҴŹӡȥĵطмλãһص˱ȻҪٳܸȳ
ȻҴŹӡոǰʱ֮䣬һӰȻʹ˳˵ֱӳžһ
æƿӡеĽȻ䱻Ҽ˳סǺ˵һǺ˼һûе֣Ҫٴڰ֮УȻˣȴûôףһɲǣһɨǧͺɨ˹ȥ


824 󣬽ɱ
Ǻ˵κܿ죬ǸߣܹܷİΣٿ죬Ҳûн֮ϱŷĽĿ죬һӽ֮籡ľͳɱȥǺ˸ոתϰûü֮УͱǵնУһΣǴĺնȥģؿϵλñضϣɥѪء
Ҹոնɱһ֮ܵİ֮һֱĳĸˣԳſһ㳯ɱ
ɫһһصĻ٣Ӧ׼
ڹӡ˸;оѾ׼׵ˣһ󣬽ɱˣǵܹס
ҸҪٴλӶеĽ꣬߱㴫ˡ顱һ죬һͷһǹӡǹˡ
ǹãһǹȥ㽫һ˴ڵأš
ٺãһǹ̵Բԡ
ܹһշ䣬ϵӵ֮١
ΪߣһԼ׳ɵĹأǾǲû˵ǹأ˵ǲм߱ͱͨǿ࣬ûᱻЦ󷽣ߣмǹ֧֮ĶΪְԱص飬ҲὫǹϣ⵽߱ӣΪ͢ıأѾýϵڸˣûĻǽᱻϵܡ
ԣΪһصˣҲᱣŹϵĴͳãǻȴմ
ⳡж֮Уһص˻ЩܴΣԵġ
ӡһǹ̵һ֮Ǽ˶ʱ˾֮񣬿ٵؽ˹֮С
ڴʱҿԶһͻȻһ죬ֱӷ˵ϣһֱӴﱻ˸˳
Ҷһֱܡ
ҿʱҲң֮жҳ˺⣬ܴʱȴǳұȻһĨӵơ
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ϣ϶֪ͨ㶫ֶ˹Ӫȵ
Ȼ䣬Ҹоܴһɺ⣬æջĿ⣬һ˹ӡϣ˵ӻûеڵϣĳӱ㴫һ顱죬ʮö˸ղվĳ棬Ƥ͸ˡ
ǹʼڶ𣬳еľԱ侯սʿ˻𣬲вҽĴ˳ߵˣҲвϴӰ֮˵·м䡣
һʱЩ
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ֻЩ˻࣬ɨһ֮ǰٴû˰֮С
Щεڣʱʱ̶ܹ̿۲쵽ǵľٶֻҪлᣬǾͻָһ
ڰ
ʮֲ
ҪЩǿĻ֧Ԯͱˡ
̲ݻҺ͹ӡ˫˫֮˼շ䣬ϣ˹ӡܣҪҶҪ߳ϵķΧ֮ڡ
ӡ֮ǰûм鷢Ҳûһص˴ԵЩ֪룬ǱȽ򶨣ȥģ˵ȥ׽סȳܣƺֻ֪˲ܿס棬ûֻǶСһЩ
ûüӦֱӾͳ˷׷˹ȥһ׷һߴǬ˱˷ʬߣ÷ʬȥѰۣⷨһⷨˣΧİŻɢȥЩһص˱ûεϣڶǰһȫǹӣ޴
ȻҳʲôλЩѾ˰֮УӰ
Ҳ˲Ѱˣֱ׷ߵķȥ
һţҾ˰֮С
ӭҵȴѳصĿ磬һҵԴһŵҵСն
ƾһ˹ȥ־һһѴӲƴһǣֱӽǰѴ󵶸նΪء
Ҵڹ֮У˵ֲָʲôֻƾŞųӦΧı仯
Ϊ˲ڰĵ˵Ҳͣı仯ŷλȻִһƷֽĬ˼㽫ǻֽǰһףǻֽҵȼֱǰٵĻֽɹĵطʱ˹ڰĵ¶˷λȫðܵĲݴ֮УҽŻֽ⣬ǿ߰˸˵Ļ֮£ŲԶһƬ˹ȥ


825 
ʱת˲ţֽɢĹâҲֲ˶೤ʱ䣬ұҪڻֽȼ֮ǰӳ󡭡
ܷݵİֽƿһȻܲݴЩҲûвҼӿŲҪʱǼ˶ʱ޷ˣͬһʱ̣׷׻Ȼ𣬳ɱЩֱӳ׳˰ಡƿ֮಻
Ҳûκ׼ǵĸְҴ֮ǰһշȻɣϵҵǰͬʱֽͭǮǬ˱˳˱ͭǮ󣬳Щұĺɢȥ
Щ˴İ󲿷ֶ赲⣬Щý񵲿
ֵסһ֮ɢϣ첽ǰ壬ҲȥͭǮûɱЩˣҵĿֻһǾǾĳ󣬽סˡ
һǰʱЩԭɱĺ˴󲿷ֶͭǮͭǮˣҵǰһɨǧȥҲƲɵֱɱһѪ·
ڣǵֽȫȼմһѻҽʱѾƬ
˷֮Ҳû̫Ļϲ׷ܵķȥ˿̣ЩѾƬС֮С
ˣ˫ֱնֽߵٶȲ̫죬Ҫ֪ӵĻֱӽĽŽҲһնˡ
Ҹӡ˵ҪСܵʱһ¶Ϊ˿žͺˡ
Ȼ֪ΪһߣʵжôǿܻΪһصһʹΪǲС
ȻѾˣûκôֻ跨ֲ
û뵽һص˾Ȼţأɱôˡ
׷Сֵʱ򣬺Щ˺ܿ׷һͷһۣʮһ׷ǱסҵģȻǵİΧȦҼӵʱ֮ھ͸׾ٵˡ
ʮ׷лЩϲʲôƷ󣬶Сү˵ͬ裬˵ƾ͸ˣԸͨ˻У˵ֱСһ
ǣҲûеãҿҪСֵʱͻȻоһɾ޴Σֶߵĵжʮģڶϻµ״ôãÿ۹۱ǣǹĵĿУŸ£ڶʮֺã΢Щ紵ݶҾܹо
ڸоΣ֮ҺܿӦԵİ취һ˿ȥһ֮б任˺üλ
Ųһ̣һŰͻȻ͸ҵĺŸڵĴ˹Щʯͷϣʱʯͷķ۷飬ǿһĻ˺üôģˡ
һĹ֮һôΣ׷ŵʮҲ׷ңνΧǴԱߡ
ЩˣҲûҹ̫вҸо־ǸղǸҷ䰵ˣղҵٶʮ֮һ룬Сûˡ
ҾĳţƬ̣֮߳ˣȶ
ȻҲһڣȴûкɴ棬иĿʾ˵ˡ
Խ㣬̣Ұ
СܣȻ׷ˣһ𡣡ǰһʮ꺺ӣ˫ް߰ףŨüƣһ˫۾·лһǸʮǿߡ
ˣһ߳һ߿ͿĹ˵
߻һӣŸ˲Сݣָϸ͵һɹ˵ĸʬƵģһֱվ˵ߣĳ߿
Ȼ˵ݶˣٲžѾûɶҪˣŽ꣬һӴ˳꺺һۣһ֣˵֪λǡ
Ȩ㶫ֶĶŸʬֳһλ޵ĺ󱲣һ治ͬ졣꺺΢Ц˵
ҺǺһЦˣǾͱӣ˵⻰Ĺ򣬲ֱӿɣۣ֮䱾ĳУα˼ʵĿ
һ˵Ȩüͷһ˵СܴԲӣĳס㶫һ֮ǰزʶ֮ûʲôԹɣ
һصˣҵһٶǰϽͬŽ̳Ȼа̣ĳһصǲǶа̣Ҹȼͼө֮ƿ£ֱ룬ԹаȻҵˣǿ϶аƲľ棬ϻ˵ɣɫ


826 
ҵĻѾ˵ĺˣ̫ಢûʲôôһܿ϶ҪģԼܹһص㶫ֶĸȫնɱڴˣǾӵʱԽ߾Խǲ
Ѿʶ̫Ľն񣬶һص˵ļϤġ
ȻȨʱ񲢲ҿ򣬶ǼЦ˵СܣǶһټʮǮϻˣǾͲҪóˣڣֻ˵֮飬ĳһص²٣ҲֻΪ˻ڷԣĳǰֻΪ˽ʹߣΪУ㣬˫Ҫ˰ɣҴҵ뿪Ǿ͵ûмΣ
Ҿ취ֻҪһصˣǾгΪҸһصоɳ𣬻ºޣɫ
˵Ȩܿɫ۾˵ûһأ
ûУն˵
ΪƾһˣܹԸǣˣҪ̫ΪˡȨٴ
ҴʱͻȻоЩͷˣܵĞųѾʼ΢΢Щ仯ҳȥƵʱԼܹӰΧٵƶǼΣҲҷˡ
Ȩϲʱ䣬ȻѾû˸˵˼
ֱӾһɨǧȨߵǸ˴˹ȥ
óȻ֣Ȩʱ󾪣ӾһǵĽֱͷƤͷ˹ȥŽļСնϣԵǸʬһļһҲһ˹ȥͻһɱС
һ֣ʮͳ˹
ӵȨʱŭСӣȻôأȻӾϻȪ
ⱾĿڱ¶˳ϣСӹкС
Ȼ֪ڸʲôıƣȴ֪ΪǿĵһɨǧҽٴξеĽ꣬˷ڽ֮ϣ֮еһ¾ͷ
һʱ䣬Χӱһ֮Ļ죬΢΢𶯡
ʱҪŴˣͨɷ֮أ콣ĵڶʽˮ
Ȼҽɷ֮ȨߵǸǸʬһļһͳˣ̧һֻ֣ʱһָ೤İһĳҴ˹
ҲǹƵģ಻ղ͵ϮҵľСӣһֳİʮա
ǰǿߣҲûз˲շ䣬ҵǰ棬ϡ
һȫײ֮ϣȻըѿ
޼᲻ݵϾȻҲЩԵֵϵϵķĶʱҵĶ˲ʮӣʱǼһ｣ȥҵԺһֲѰ졣
ҵ֧ţֱӱǸʬһļһˣȻҲЩˣѵһɲǼ䣬ѪӿҲһɾʹŲȣҪڵأȻҵֻ΢΢һΣվֱӡ
ܲʮӣѾý깵ͨ˵ɷ֮콣ĵڶʽʩչ˳ɲǼ䣬˷ʮ׵ķΧ֮ھͺͬʱʮ׵ĸоҵĺͬһʱʮطըѿɢ䣬
һзŹȥҲմȾһ˻ԴϽܿȥ˹Щһ붼˵ϣһʱ㿪ȥԶԶĳ߿
ǰȨ͸ʬһļһﾹȻҲˣӱԵѾЩбô֮ϣµĿҡ
Сôôˡ³ֶ洫ϢСӺûֶΡȨֵ˵
ѾڽʧˣֶҲѧģһ׽ʮ콣һп±콣ϵֶΣСõĲǶôӦ֣Ӧøѧûжãûнֶε֮ȫӳǸʬһļһ˵
ȨɫһС飬ȻѧôֶΣԺȻһصĴ鷳죬ǾƴҲҪ£ʱգСӸǲɹΪǵİʯ
Ǳ˵ȫ˶һл㾦ȨŵĴ˹ȥһĿɫӽ֮籡Ȩһһӷȵ˵֮ϣڵǿôֱӱ籡ɫһڴĿð̡


827 
ֶΣȨŵɫæһôŪûУһôŲǣ
Ͼͺˡһʱ䡭ңңĴһų
ȥõģȻﲼ˷ң˵Сһʼ͸ҳƤԭʱ䣬ҿСү飬ǰ֣һ˵Сүˡ
Ȼз󣬶Ҳ֪ʲôķ󣬵֮ƣǿ϶ǽŵĨͣΪϲߡ
뵽Ƭɲҵ飬ֱӾͳʱ·񱼶ȥȻհζˣûЩԭԶĺΧͼסҵȥ·
ֱӽ꼤Ϊ貵Ĺâ붼û룬һɨǧͺɨ˹ȥ
һɨǧ˳ȥϵʯ鶼ĽɨڿնһɫĽľͳЩ˶ȥЩѾʶҵֶΣ˷ſ׷׶㿪ȥ
ҪŽɱΧʱ򣬱ִˡಡƿ죬ŵҺë
õģʬٶּֿǸ鷳ֵҿʼǱƶٶÿһζһ亹ʱЩ˱ٴΧ£˹߰˰ѳϾк˹
ȫϷأƴҲҪĽࡣ
ûǸļһ֮ززġ
µıֶڰˣеļһ߸߰˸ƴڰ䲻ĸŰûбִٶĵˡ
ʱʱʱ򻹻ͣһƵҲòģϸÞųΧһОų仯ûʱڳǬ˱ｫͭǮ
һʱ䣬ߵһֽ֣Ȼ߰˸ƴʱֱնɱˣЩ˲ûеӣҳɱͣȫһηĽࡣ
ʱһһţһĪĿֻŸ亹죬оǰ֪ˮϾҪ٣ֻǰĸ²ܹǰأ޷ǰθС
ǷˣѹֵҺĿʼͨ
ҷ˺ݣһɨǧٴκɨ˳ȥһն룬ƴűǼһ˵Σգֱӳǰ˹ȥ
ȻڴʱͻȻﴫһ˷ܵĴ󺰣ˡ
һ䣬ⷽԲ֮ڵĿռͻȻһԭѾȥȣͻȻоԼˡ͵һ˵ϡ
˫ȫżʵĵϵʱ򣬶ʱ쳣ԴȻڽµĵ档
ǵϺҵ˫Ž˵֮ϣʹϴ̧һֻš
⡭ôҲֲ̫˰ɣתѣʲô
ҴʧɫͬʱȨļһһͬ˹ʣµĸҲɱ
ˡСүʧǰ㣬СҪඡ
Ⱥ̫ˣÿһƺˣ˵ôܹ׾ٵͻʮ˲İΧȦԭ˼ﶼú˷ֵء
ģֻһصû˭ˡ
Ψһֵҵǣҵ˫ֲûбⷨסǿõģֻ˫ȱ˵֮ϡ
ķֶ˵СжôţȣһҲˣݶˣ֪㻹ʲôûСȨɣֵ˵
ȨκĴЦ֮ԱߵǸǸʬһļһͣĳҷΨвϻеĽ꣬һһס
Ҳ֪ʲôţһײʵ˲䱬ѿŽֻڶ˺ˡ
һֲֻмڸĹһֻǬ˱֮Уһ½ʦָ
붼û룬ͳǸʬһļһﶪ˹ȥʹ޵ľСӣ̫ôǶˣб¸һһĸһܣڰʲôӢۺú
òҲʲôˡ
ʦһҶ˵ϣԭȨǸʬһļһﶼҪ嵽ǰˣͻȻӳһһæס˽Ų
ܿ죬ʦ־۾һεӣǻͷһۣȻֿ˿ǰˣʱ׹ʲô顣
û¶϶ĸҴŶʦ˯ǣ
һʦֿ϶ҪҸɻġ
ʦֻһǷ˶ӣĽϵ䡱һȼ
˵еĻޣԭӣϹӵѺϽۣȨ


828 ʵ
ʲô
ʦզˣǳЩɶɶɶô⻹ûгòãҲڱһ˵ǹӰɣ
֮ǰ϶˵һֻ޵飬ħǱʦճһ̿Ӷݣ³зֶʱ򣬺ܶҲԣȨһ۾˳ʦֱǴ˵еĻޡ
Ȼ֪ãǿ϶Ҳ֪޵ʦһҷ˳һƥֵҰŶֵҰҲ֪ʱʦզģֱӾͳ׼ݵǸʬһļһ˹ȥ
һʼʱݸʬŶʦַ˼Ƕʦ̫֮ǿڶʦֵϣ̾ڻˣ˲ʦֵķֺ
ʦָݺӾһ׷սŵݺӱͷܣϣʦҲֱӽǴȼˣֻƴĴ
ʦȥʰݺӣҶʱһСӶҵвʵ̫ˣҪǲһܹϣһЩ
Ŷʦȥ׷ݺӣȨûйȥæ˼ֱӴһѶǹٵĳұ˹
һһõĶǹҶʱ߿һۣ׻˵ĺã굶¹һӵǹҲ˵õıеУֻǹģúˣǾ绢ַҪֻܼϣСӵǹ̫ãҪȻڴܵƵķݶϣһĶ֡
ȨٵĳҲԴУʣ²ǼͬʱִǬ˱֮һⷨéɽ塣
ղЩʱʮ˱ɱ˴룬ھͻʣĸΧģڵΪ䲻ܸ˵֮ԹȣһöʮʬɺëʬʬʬͨĽʬǿԵġ
һҪȨУ⼸Χҵĺ˻ǣҵעɢҵ˼ά
֮У˲Ϣ֮䣬˵СûˣҿɲҴ⡣
éɽ巢˼ġ塱죬ʱԵĲԶĵطһµľʬ壬Щʬ˲䳤ͷָףƤ֮ɫΪͨĽʬΪͨĽʬԸЩҲӦ㹻ˡ
ЩȫĲңûзı仯ЩѾʬʬ壬ѾԾˡ
һĲҽУһ˱ʬ˵˵ϣǽʬɲЩ˿һſڣ÷Ķһҧ˵ĲϣܵҧˣѪ罦ȥ
ʱЩ˲ŷʬһŵɫ䣬ɫ
ʬ
֪ĸһɤӣЩȫתìͷʼȥӦЩʬȥˡ
ʱȨѾһ˶ǹһ߰׵ľ룬ٴλζһéɽ壬һ߽ʬҵǰ棬Ȩ˹ȥ
ʵһĻžͷˣͻȻʬʬ壬Ȩ治ɫŲû˿ͣ٣ǽʬһԾ𣬳ȥʱȨеĶǹһ¾ʹǽʬϡ
ˣֲǣǶǹֱǽʬԴ˲ɥʧκһǽʬʬ˵˵ϣͦͦġ
Ҫ֪ʬΪͨĽʬҲͭƤǣǹģһʬ߶̸֮ɫ䡣
Ȼһ߽ʬһ֮£ͱȨԴʬڵء
ôֲʵҿʼˡ
ҵԸʦ׷Ȩݺӡ
ȨһֱûжҶ֣ʵһ
һǹŵǽʬ֮ҿȨеǰѶǹ΢΢âз֣ⲻһѱУһѷԲܹ⽩ʬ
һ߰׵ľ룬һ̤˹еĶǹ˺˿˞ųһ¾ͳҵĿ˹
׺һΪҴӶϻµүұ죬߳彭ˣԭһԶء
ºۺҲ
ȨΪһѷɫ³зֶǸüȻŸµʱ䣬Ѿܹĸһƴ֮ΪҲ൱ġ
ȨĶǹæеĽֵǶǹײһȻûзʲô죬ȴоȨǶǹ֮ϴӿĽֶ
ڶ̶̵ļӵʱڣһ͹ʮУգÿһҸоһֽӽĸоȨǹʵֲѾ¯ˡ


829 ٲݶ
ȨһͶҷΪĽǰѶǹǻһ㣬̣аٱ䣬Ҽʹ˳̵ſмסѶǹӵʱ䣬ҸоôΪÿһҶҪüصΣգ̫ôˡ
Ϊߵǣǲõ˫뿪̫ˣ̶֮Уβȡ
ȼĸƴĶǹּֿжʹж
һ˼ʮ֮ӶȨһеóѣǶǹһ¾ҵؿڣһɾʹӹǶǹعǸסˣʶ䣬ұڳһֻ֣סǶǹǹͷǹͷҪȥ
ʱȨһǶǹؿڴ룬ҸȻ޷ֹǹͷҵؿһһĴ룬Ѫ˳ǹһֱ
УŲסˡ
ҸоӺܿЩϵԽԽСϼһĺܣǹͷо綾
Ϊ˻ҲƴˣеĽ꣬ͳԴϿȥȨţ̧һֱֻ֣ӼסҵĽ꣬һֱֻһ龫ֻۡ
СӣڵˣΪɱ㣬ӿǻ๦򣬻˲֡ʲôûУ
Ȩһ߽Ƕǹҵ壬һɭɭЦ
㡭үҧѵĴһ
ҸоԴЩҪڵصʱͻȻ䣬һǹڶ𣬡顱һҵľΪ֮һ
ǹ֮ȨҲǴʧɫæ̧ͷȥҿһ£ŽǶǹؿڰ˳ݺݵ˵Сӣǹͷо綾㷴ǻˣǳ͢ӥȮ³
µһݻ֮ȨҲ˸Ǽ߽ʬƴ£ֱӵͷˣ֮䣬ʧǰ֮УҵԴ֧Ųסֱӵ˵ϡ
˿ڴľʹ۵ȥоԼϾҪʹȥˣȴǱһѡ
Ƭ֮ҷҵѾܶˣһԼŽ֣ѾڷϣǹͷϵľʹѾȫӿ
õģ
һܿһۣղŵһǹ֮󣬽Ȩˣ˵Ȩĸ֣ǶԷǹҲ̫ηǣôأ
ǵҵĿڲԶһСϵʱ˲˹ҿһƷˣʮɽװ첽˹
ɽװˣ༤ˣһ㣬¶ھ˿صһҹƾ͵óˡ
ʱǰ˾ҵĽǰһϤҶ𣺡СŸ硭ˡ
ԵɵɵĿһۣǹӡĶӹۡ
һ˹ӡڻسǵ·ϣæ˵ɶǱΣգϿص˹ȥ
æСŸ磬ҾǴǱ߹ģصЩ쵼˵ʲôѾǸˣҰ˵ζ㣬ҪȻǻܶˣҹġ
ӡȫգҲŷ
ʱһɽװ꺺ҵߣҼһƣմһؿڴʳѪȻڱǰһ£ʱֵãȨİٲݶˡˡæⶾ
˵кһҩӵСҵߣֻǳϿһۣεҡҡͷ˵ϴûˣеȨİٲݶһ־綾ĲҩĶҺҪһֲͬĽⶾõҩⶾǵҩˣ͸ˣ϶Ȳ
УǱȻ취ɣ쵼һ˵
Ҳû취ڵƣ໹ܳŰСʱڰСʱ֮ڣȥôĽҩСʮε
̾Ϣһ˵ˣӣһɱôаˣҲ㣬ղҲˣҲû취㻹ʲôҪ˵ģϽ˵ɡһת
ȥҽ
жҲҪҵɣҲ˵аٶֵʣǿסϻѦСߵҩء
ҳǺǺһЦֽǬ˱ңѦС߸ҵҩ
ȻЩһ⻹ЦΪɵء
һ˼Сƿӣùţ۾һ˵ǸɫСƿҵҩ


830 ҵż
۽ŽɵĽСƿӴ򿪣浹ҩ裬Ȼ͵ҵ
ɤһһ㽫ҩ븹УȻһʼС죬ȡѦС߸ҵҩҩЧɢ澭˹˲֪ãҸоͨˬ࣬۾
۾һΧΧһȦ˶ڵ۾ңʱоԼ԰ﱻ͵ĺһ㡣
ҳһȻ˿Լ˫֣ԭϺɫ˫ѾָֻǿЩ󣬲Ҳ֤ڵĶ඼ˡ
˵ѦС߼ҵҩǹãټұһĿֻҪʲô涾һ㶼л⣬ѦСߵҩ绢˼֮󣬻Ͼûʲô¶ˡ
ҿһȦΧҿĴɽװĸǶǺһЦʵǶҸϳˣ
֮ǰǸ˵˵һЩŵ˵ҵţôܣеĿȨİٲݶһٲݶ˶лڣ㡭ôܽˡ
ҺٺһЦ˵˵һˣǶİҩǴãǺҶѦҩҩѲѦҵҽɣ
˵˸ǾȵĲУٴЩŵ˵ҵţ㾹ȻʶѦҵˣ͵ôҩѦҵּҩһ˲ܴǲġôģ
ȥСһһէģô
ĴθѦСҪҩһҪһѣĲա
һǹص˵ҲûɶҸѦҵĺѣⶼ͵ġ
ҵš
ˣСӻûûˣһһէģû档Ǹ˵һۣͷ㲻˵ˡ
Ȼ˵۾㿴ŵǬ˱ң˵ˣҵĶǸûв´ĻӦڽӵһ϶ж죬װܶණܽⱦϣǿ϶һˡһɱôа̸֣ܹ㶫ֶȨлΪҲһĸߣڵһߵУ̳ˣ֪Сֵܳλ˵£
⴩ɽװ˵ʮ֣أӦЩصԱͷͷսһġ
˵۹ⲻһ۾ϳŵǬ˱ǸҲ͡
£ҿһЦ˵ɣҲûʦǿ洫һЩֶԼĥģʵڲֵһᡭ
һ£ȻܣֶΣû˴ڣôﵽֵزѵСֵܾصˣԸ˵𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ôܣʵүүصģҶصҲûʲôɼҲʶܶصˡ
һ˵˾ԵЩˣ㶵Ŀһŵүү˭
үүӦʶɣҵ˵
ҵšһΣǸ˵˵һΧҵصȫ
Ƭ֮ɫʱĹ࣬סҵ֣˵㡭ǰɣ
ҾҵһЦ
׿ڳҵ֪ٴصЩһ֮
ǰŲһû뵽һ¼Ѿصڲˣû˲ʶ㣬ɱʬţһصħɱݺ˰ʬ֣ȥʱ㻹һɱ³зֶٶ֣ɱΪһص˽ʮ£һһֱʣɱ㶫ֶôֱ֣һصĿǣ
˵ЩʱԵʮּյҵֺܽͣĻΰεģŪҵ˿ںۣװȵʱֻҧţǫֻǽϵһЩ鴫ˣЩҲȫġ
ҵšǽϴŵɱħššҵż񡭡Ǹ˵һҵһֻ֣ǼģֱС˿˳ݶżһ㣬ΧЩص˿ҵ񶼲һˣ˾ηŪҸоܲ˼
֪ʲôʱͷȻôˣֵһ̣Ӧ³зֶһɱ˶ٶа˵Ǽ飬⻹һɱħڻš
һʼʱһҪүү߽֮ܶʱүӵͷܸҰϴæ˼֮󣬶˵СӾӡ
һ̣ҸоҺѾվˣ˵ʱ򣬱һʼ뵽Щ飬ӡ


831 ²ɱ
Ч׷ġ
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˵֮ǰǶʮҴûΪһٶԽУûеõκʵԵ棬ҪСǼ飬үǸɶĶ֪
ֻ߽֮ʲôѰĻֱҵص飬ҲǸҰ˲ٴæ
ͱһΣ˿صˣ鷳һӵľһ
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ϳһУһʡʡᣬսڵصԱڶ࣬Ҹоս»ǲٵģʮһЩص鹤Ա
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⻰˵СֱۣУѦЩҩνǧһҪĳ
ȴ֪ҺѦҵĹϵ֪ҺѦСߵĹϵǿǹĽ飬˵ҩˣȥƴѦСҲ
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ҵһڣ治ܹӴ˵Ŀеõ㶫ֶϳϼطص飬ⶾ
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СºͺȻ𣬳Ǳ߾˹ȥ
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ʱҲһص˹õļںϷһңһ׽֮󣬱ҧƶңɱ
Ⲣ˵һصжôĹֻܵвѣֻҪ׽Щ˵͸©һصκϢص飬ļ˽ᱻһصȫնɱ
Ǹ쳣а֯Ҳܹĳ
ԣصܹõһصĻڣ׼ǶҸȡ
Ϊĵ̫ͶԵʣǱ顣
˵¶ҡ
Ƿ²ҵ֮С´ͷɥ˹εҡҡͷ˵ò״סһڣˡ
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ΪɶְܼСʱʡ
ⶾҩӿзºʹɢָڷĻЧ죬ǼѪжһЩ
ҵ˵ͷһЩ
ڵһ֮󣬱վʱҲһ飬֮ǰȨΪ˶Ըңڴ˴һ󣬵֮ϴ˾޴Ҵ粽Уվʱ򣬷ѾܵǷĽжˡ
֪Ƿʲôʱʧġ
һ֣Ƿֻһ˹ãޱȣֱҵ


832 Ͻ뿪
飬Һһ£ȨղŲµķ󵽵ǸʲôãԺʱҲиǣ
ʱ򣬺һ֮ǰ֪ұȨ˷֮УֻΪʵȨԲŻˣұǷ֮Уܼôʱ䣬ôҵʵΪҪԤ֮ϡ
סĻпܲˣܸȨƽʲôġ
ں˵ܹͣΪѾ̾Ϊֹˡ
ԼãԴҴӶϻµ׳֮Ϊһأ콣һУǸ˲Ӳʵ
һ֮󣬺Ÿ˵ȨµǸɷһʮ󷨣ܹĳһ˵ͨɷ֮֮˵壬ָоͺǱץס˽ףжĳٻ޷ƶ
Ȩ֮ǰƾɷնɱΪ֮ϵĸ֣ǲԶһµͨʦɷ֮С
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833 Ǹط
ںĻش𣬹ӡԵЩţȷһ£ŷ
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Ϊܼ򵥣һЩͨķŻЮָŮЩٵĹ˭֪¶ǣһص
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ҽӡ˵һ£ȥ飬ûдǸСùݸԱ
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үӳĬһȻʵôʱ䣬ֳڿǣѵȥǸط
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˵ûУֻȫֻѧ콣ǰʽ˺ϴ辭ҵΪ֧ǿҪ֮ʽС
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һᵽҸүү뵽˹ӡĸ׸˵Ǽ飬Ҹүү񲢲үӣ飬һֱĴɻȻڵ绰顣
үүôһʣֵʮֳԾæô֪飬ֻý֮һϵ򵥵ĸү˵һ飬Ȼ˵˹ҵһǰԵ
ΪүӲ֪أȻȫ֪˵үʱȷʵڿһܺõѣҸүүǹλĸɶӣֻЩүһֱæһֱûʱύЩ֮󣬻˵ѾˣԵ֣ԺҶཻˡ
ڸүүүүүҲ֪үүȻүүһֱ׶Ӷãһֶûдڸ׸үǴڸ鲻ҪҸүἰǵ˼Ҳˡ
ҸүãȻһڵ³صһصаԱûȫ
һֱǳĵ⡣
үֻǸ˵³صһصֶܹ崦ǻõ˷صرʵһֱûҵǲڣټүΪصĿӣܽе˼棬֮ǰͽе³ء


834 ǿΪ
үȫ⣬ôһطүҲһֱ³ش飬ξԽ󣬿϶үȥ
Ҿһ¶ĴطˣүӸ˵ֱ³еİüһ棬³Сһ棬Ȼ³ϵҶһ棬ʣµĻ³һҲ֮ǰˮ쵼ľɲо³İֽһá
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־棬ϣģҵĳң֮ȥϻµȥүı£Ϊһ죬ܹгˣҵһѾܾˡ
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оǣߵ鶼Ѿˣʱ뿪ˡ
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үӵĵ绰ûãŵ绰һһĴ˹ҸĸģѦСߵģӺСǵģҵæĲֺһ϶ڴ绰϶ЩӶȥɶˣʲôʱȥֻܼ䣬ʲôʱҲһ֮С
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ܲ뿪飬ү֮ǰ͸˵ˣҲûие⡣
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ں룬ұȥµľǸС£һֱʶֱһŵʮΪʲô
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ǶҵηȻġ
ߵԶǿΪֻҪֶΣͻõ˵صһĲҲ⡣
һԷܾЩŲ
룬Ҳþܾһȥˡ
Էĵطڿص鸽һСݣЩصȻɵǽԴڿϵĻƣǹձ鲻ߣҪһСԺܺõĹҲȥˡ
طȴҲҺͺȥʱѾʮصȺˣҺͺȥ׷վĺš
ССһң˷ܵĲУһһСŸĽţоҺӡ
ٷԵЩׯأЩ˿ҵԴžη˶Ե˿϶һпᣬһů
ҸҲüӣóԳԣúȺȣЦ棬ǳֵܣһ֮󣬴һܾҲһôµˣҲ紫ôֲһӾʹջͦõġ
ȻЩ˾ͺҵ³зֶһɱ˶ٶ˵ģһŲҿҲûϳʱ䡣
ҹʬֵ飬ǿǸħͷҵϵġ
Щ飬˵˵˵ֱӷ˹ȥ
һٷԵɫڵʱ˲ŷֿҸźֻصд


835 е
ȥ֮Ҹһ඼ϵʽȻˡ
֮ȺͶʦһǬ˱֮и˳Сһɻ
ʦֻڳ˯СѾͷ׽Ūһ˯ˣ˺һ
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СһϷ֣оܰ
طܰȫҿԺܷĵĿʼУһθȨĽҸ̵ʶҲеôǿ
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һ۾Уʱܻĺܿ죬۾ʱ򣬷ѾѾصǬ˱֮С
һһҹĵҸо˶ֻ࣬Ǽϵһֱʹ
Եʣ޸ǿٹʮ£ϵ˻ϾܹȬ
һ𴲣ұ˸绰кһ˵Ҫ뿪ǵ飬һʼҶס죬ִҪߣûǿֻ˵һ뿪
˵ˣڿǻЩ˽¶Ҫ죬Լ߾Ϳԡ
ˣǴСµ˳һֱ͵صĴſڣҴһ⳵˻ָ𣬾뿪
ֱӵ˹ӡĸ׼Ҫ뿪Ҫ˵һ
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ӡҪŽ˵İӣæĲɿһʱ϶Ѳˡ
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Ϊϲҵĸ첲˵ҪأԼȴˡ
һ㶣ʲô
˵ҾȵǸŮھɳû뿪Ҫټһ治ɣŲߣʵûа취ˣ취ء
˵⻰ʱ򣬹һĻЦŪΪΡ
˵ûô̸ȴҲɵӣСŮԻܹƶһЩģǸŮܶôһ˼ϸһҲǣʱвȣͻȻðһĻӢСǴ˸ſˣһôһЩĪ㺡
Թ˲Ͼڽʵû˼ٴЩŮ鳤飬ҪҵﻹһˣһֱŲ£֪
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ֱӴȥ˸ĻվȻ˳Ʊֱϳǡ
˿̵ҹƼڳϵʱ̫Ǳ۾С
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ٴ۾ʱ򣬳Ѿվˣɫͺ
Ⱥ߳˻վҴ򳵻ؼңֱŰСȥ
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С̻ʮ׵ʱͻȻͿһϤӰСſʰ̲סһ衣
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ǰ찡ͻȻһõĺǼС̵ſڣ˵ѣģ˵㲻ڼңȥˣֱǼﲻˣԳԺȺȵģʱҲǰæڸֺȾءЩԹ˵
һ˵бһϲȥҪ϶ǻУĵǼһҽһûмˣû뵽СӾȻֱҵҼ


836 
˵ǻҼңﻹʮָ˵ģиҿǹĽ飬һûмˣͦЩġ
Ҹ˵ŻС̵ſںܿͳˣɫ˵ģ˲پơ
һҰֺǺһЦСŻˡɶҸֵĵĺͶ˵أСӾͻˣϽΣүٺȵ
ҲȵһһסҰֵĲӣЦе˵СţȥˣһٺңȾƵ˶ûУֻˡ
ȥү
СôģҰֵĲӳֵܣⲻռұô
ԣҿһĻʱ򣬶ʱɫͺ
ɫãƺ뵽ʲôæɿҰֵĲӣЦ˵Բԡղ˵ˣ壬ҸȾء
Ұ棬Ҳ˵ЩʲôֻǺһУҽһ˵
Ȼ˲پƣԴ⣬ߵһһѼסĲӣû˵а㻨УһûСӳˣ§ҰֵĲӳֵܣǲҸúһ尡
תͷҼЦһ˵ͲôһˣҸ⡭ĵĺͶһݰӣأСӾˣСʱýˡ
ãŻеĸ첲һеĻģ𡭡𰡣ôûһͶֶŵĲ̫ãҸղŸ㿪Цأɱ档
̬ȱˣɿĲӣ´һۣСȻĸɾһЩһͷõģһҪĽлƵģÿμģҼǵϴθһʱҹܻҸֶЩСձһǮһһˣʮһĹ⾰ôǳӡ
ĵɻʵС²˵˵ɣɶ
ǮҲҹĨǣ
ȥǮأϴοСձһһһš
ˡɼЦ
һ껨ʮСôģҺ
Ҫ˵ҾһϣСѧŲţǸģ
šҶȻ
Ǿˣ޷ģҿСͦģϿ϶ٲǮСɮ͹㻯Եˡ
СӷסԩͷˣôԵǮûлʱ
ҲСӳ׸ˣε˵ȷʵǽǮ첻ȥˣֻֻˡ
شҲˡ
ϸҿۣɫСţ㣬Եķ֮ǰ̫һˣǿ࣬ⲻһĹ⾰Ͼʲôҿڽ˲ٹϢ˵ɱħš
¶ɾͺû˵ˡ
ҲûҺͻ»صС棬Ű̯ڷŵһЩˮ֮Ķᵽλ˻˼ңڼһλ˶˯֮Һͻ͵͵˳СһСƹ°һ
Ȼʱ򲻿ףǶ˵Ǹֵεѣ£ںȾƵʱ򣬱㽫ֿ֮ԭԭĸ˵һ飬գĻҲզ࣬ʬ֣³зֶΧɽĥѣÿһ齲Ǿһ
˵ҵŮЩһص˱µʱ򣬻Ҳߣֱӣ˵ĳĪɱ֮𣬶֮ޣԼδϱ£¶Բ̡
һ˵¶ȼеŭһ뵽еΆͰֽȻúõĻţ;ò̹
һֱҪţҴӶϻµ׳һҪгˡ
˵ѧүı£ǸĿǰյĳ̶ҲǽӴһЩƤëǴ˺ϴ辭һüĿûС
ƾĿǰ״Ҫһصһֶ汨ѩޣֹۣܹҵĸƵĻǶ˵϶绢
˵һμңƺǿ࣬ȻϸܻɢĞųʱҲͬ˻еΪҲǽ٣һʿˣĿ࿴ĸо
˵еǵǴéɽһеǷ𷨣ҲһϵģУһҲ˽⣬ȴܹодʱǿ
Ҳϱǿʱ򣬱ҲŬš


837 д
һʼҲ뻨иһȥԿһصӴа֯ϾҪĹһȥδҺͻлûкõһ仰ܹΪƴĳ̶ȡ
һپǺȵСƹݵϰ嶼ſڹ̨˯ˣɺͻĵϲ
ҾһЩڻһҾʲô飬лӣһ漰飬Ǻ̸ۣ޷ǾĴ쳾ɵ˵һǮһϣСѧ飬ҲֻЦ档
Ҷڻ漰ұȽصһЩ飬˵ģһ϶˵ˣڽȥϻµѧүֶε飬Ҳ򵥵ĸ˵һ£Ҳû˵ϻµ׵ľλã飬ҵˣκ˶֪
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һķ˽һܵĲٿرܹշ硣
һǰҲ֪侹Ȼ˳ķǴ˿ҵһָͷĴС
ү治Ҳ
п⽣֮󣬷Ҫһ򣬼ʶһǷСƹҲܽⶫ˿ܲá
ȴ಻סҪۣھϷ˼ٿǮȻʹŻгϳǣԶĹһСʱ֮ϳǵһĽҰء
Ѿ賿ʱ֣طȻûʲôˣڻеߴ֮£ҽ߶һɢɫâĳԾȻƾճҵС
ֵһɲǼ䣬âƣһʮǿϢչ©ɡ
⽣֮зӡһ꣬Ȼһķܹġ
һƾէ֣ȵӲҪнӹȥԼһ
ߵķ˵൱ŵһִڣײó˰棬ΪⷨԼദʱˣͻһĬڤڤ֮еϵһ˱˵֣ϵͻᷢң϶ȾͲ֮ǰǰˡ
Ҹദʱ䲢̫˴֮ϵҲ㲻̫Уֻʱѹס˽֮зӡ꣬һǶ˵֮еǿ
Ҳò˻еӣ㽫ݸ˻У⽣һ뻨еУǰѽʱĿأ𶯲ѣ΢֮ŵĻб㲻ٽˡ
вûģչʾһе콣ҲɽҰĵطչʾһ콣
һɨǧȥƽطɳʯһɫĽӽ֮籡һնСȴϸľǰˮȼɷܱ֮ըʮһ׶Ĵӳ
ʽ㾦ܹھʯ֮ϴڴֵһ
Щ𾪵°Ͷϲ£ˣһֱţţȡ̫ţˡ
һʱˣб˵Ҫдһ£ҵж
е飬ҲòҲԻеΪһʲôز
Ƕˣһе㵽Ϊֹ˶Էֻ콣ЩԵԼƲˣһûжСġ
һӣҾʹȫҲ֡
˵һʼҲԼý꣬һѽħơ
Ŵţһ˼ʮ֮һֱʤһЩƢ
Ҿͷ˴УһɨǧͱֱӽǷϽ𲧸˳ⱦҼʹùܶΣһóоϽ֮Ϸ֣âɣȻ콣һһ˹ȥ
˽֣ȭĲɿƬɽҰֱ˻ԵĴһƬǽ塣
Ҳƴȫֱӽһѣ¶һؿ֮һշ˼һŭĿֱӴ˳һҲƢֱӽʦָ˳һգͳǽշȥ֪⻨˷ϽһӱϴֱӽʦָϽ棬Ͻ𲧽â˸һССķֺ˸ʦ־ȻѲá
󻨺лǰˣҳ䲻һ֮£ϢĽȸ˳֮ͻȻ׹ֱۣץס˻еȣһ䣬ҵĽĲϡ


838 ;ͬ
֮У֮ɾ
пֻ˰ģСͱסˡ
ˣҲԻеʵ̾ΪֹˣұΪҴӶϻµ׳֮Ϊ㷭˺üܹȵѹסУʵȴݺݵĴ
ͻȻҷų˭˭Ӯûжۡ
ĺǿǿĳҵϡ
һҲ֪оʲô飬ΪҲͻͽ
һʼʱһѻҪСеĽ꣬ȫǶˡ
Ȼжһƺ⣬̾˫䣬˵˲ˣˣȻǺЩͻȻӵðİ׹ֱôһ¶
֪һСȴûмҴһָһ֣㳯Żһͷ΢΢Цţ¶ɰСѡ
װ۵СѾͷʱûǰһҪȥһȣȴʮһݵӣûбûʮΡ
кܿͷˣҲһʮǿĴڣǱ˰˷ȻɵʬֵĻƵĻ꾫ǰʱ仹Ǿеǧ󲿷ֶתƵԼڣ˵ȻûдﵽǸ𣬲ҲѾǿˣǸݺӵĶ֡
ղҪСͻȻ֣һ֪дʲôʱ
Ǹ̹ȻӣƽӮʧһ֮ȫȻԺȻͿʼ̽һ¸ղŽ֮ڵʡ
ҵзȻһ;ͬ飬޷Ƕ׷Լеĵ
ֶξͬĿĶһģҪס֡
нһҲΪͶͬʱҲӻõ˲صļ⣬ӷַ֮ŵףǳ֪ǰûнӴĶҶڵƺһЩ
Щ޹Ϊֻ϶ҲһЩӰ죬ǶΪʮֹؼá
Һͻ̽ãۿ춼ˣҲûϽ𲧣ʦջǬ˱֮УȻһ·ţصϳǵľ
ڻȥ·ϣұ㽫ҪԸ³زһص뷨˵һЩһֱûмУһֱû˼ڣû룬˵¶бӧ˵֣˵ʲôҲҪһ£Ҳû¶ɡ
˵ȻϲǸ˵еϵһص˭ǾܹǵģһմȾǣǸо϶ܲãմһţƤһ϶ǲݵĽࡣ
ҷѾνˣ¿ˮ̣ΪһıһصһһصĴ֮һȸϣֱһ³зֶ棬ԹɲһںٷʲôѾںˡ
ǻȴһһص޹ϸһǣǺ롣
ҽ׸ϸ˵һЩбֵȴǺܲͷӣͣİ֣˵҆µȻ˿ڣǾһĭһŶǲջȥˡ
Ȼ˵ˣҲͲ˵ɶǷһϴ顣
ֻǣ⻨л˵ôǮǻˣֻ˵ʱ򻹼ĳЦһļƤ
صҵʱ춼ˣ˸ղһƴʮҲƣֱӼҵԴ˯
һ˯ʱ֣˼򵥵ϴһ£ʱ򣬷ְѾ׼˷ˣλ˼ҿ϶ȥСæȥˡ
ҲҿֱͳԣڳԷʱζԸһص³ֶ顣
һصһֶʵСҲǸֶͬٵҲˣȫߣеķֶܹﵽǧˣô߾ۼһ;ÿֲ
һصķֶ֮У˵ضʵΪǿ֮⣬軹ҶʹΪڶ֮£ʹ滹ȷ潫ʮһϽϵεĺ֣ƾҺͻˣóȻֶ֮УʵΣյĺܡ
ʵⶼǴҪģҪǣǸ֪Άڵ³ֶͰֽȵ³ֶľλãطҲ̸αأ
ǰʱ䣬үүΪ˴ѹ³صһص³ش˺ü£ҲֶֻѣһǱҸĲġ
ѾȥˣܹתҲδ֪һصǻӴаֻ̣Ҫڣ϶¶ҪȻҲᱻ֮Ϊаˡ


839 Ʋ
δһص³صֶ棬ͨص·Ǹһص֮˼ʮ꽻ˣҪ˵Ϥһصˣص飬û˸˽ˡ
үүȻ³أصӦûʱעһص³صֶĶһüĿǿȫص飬ɱһصֶ棬Ϊѩޡ
ֻȲ֮ʱŻõİ취Ϊ˽֣Ҫ˵Ϊʹ޵ģΪһص³зֶʹΆһ⣬ҪЮҵģ׻˵ˣǽأһصˣҲҪأ߲ܹʹûĹһ㣬˭ֻҪ˹أҪܵ˵ıӡ
ΆСӻ˼㣬ܱ˵Ҳ޷Ҷĳޡ
ȻҸ֪ǣΆ֪ҵĹϵģΣõļҲ̫ⱳʼٸߣҲһҪҳ
ǰֽȣֱӲҺ׷ɱҲкܴΣԣҲ
˵ҪѰصæѰһص³ֶϢʱ򣬻ƺԵЩ̫⣬ΪһĽˣ̫ϰ߸йزŴ򽻵Ǳǰϴͳ½ˣǣ˳͢Щζˡ
±Ǩڵĳ͢Ѿĳ͢ȫһˣרԼߵ֯ص飬͸ź峯ѪӲһ͡
ֻǰЩԸߵĻרΪʼҰ¶ģڵصΪϰգӳȫͲһ
ؼҼүӾص黪ĿӣԴһ£ԼüͷӬƵȥң֪Ҫҵʲôʱ
󣬻лǱҸ˵ˣͬصæ
ֻ͸սһ绰绰ֻ㱻һսͽһٳʱȥˣһϢûУҲ绰֪ͨһҪǽһȥҼҵС̣ҵĸĸ֪Ѿˡ
սٳֻܰţҸĽͬһ㣬ɽǵʱһһֱϴ
һսЩԹ˵Сӿ϶²˵ɣɶ¶
ҺٺһЦ˹һص³صֶ顣
һ飬ս;¶ɶǲʲô۶ӡ
¶Ҳ˵˶Եý飬ҵͳҾǵ鷳
սЩ⣬˵鶼Ѿȥˣһһ³зֶ඼ˣһɱ˶ٶˣΪɶһֱ
ֻ˵һ仰ǾǱҵŮˡ
һ仰սƿԣĬ֮󣬲ɫУ¶ǵ绰ܹ˵ģҹȥ̸
ܿ죬Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰һļƻҪ׼ȻҪ֣ǿ϶Ҫݵģȡһص³еƽȥ
Һͻã֪͵һӣʱͻȻһ£һΪսˣȻҴһȻѦССӡ
ѦСûһ棬ѦС߾ͳһȭЦаСӣʧ˽һ꣬һΪ㲻ء
ѦС߹ҲĻϲڿǵʱѾͨ˵绰Ҳ֪һ϶һӵ
ҽѦСõѦСͿ˻С
ҹܻԸСձʱѦС߾мһ棬һʣټ棬һҲԵ֣ѦСĳŻ֣ЦϣʦҲˣϡͰþòʦĻεأ
йһЦֵѦСҽãовˣٺϼ
ѦСҼҲֹһˣԼһҲ˸طֶ˼
һʱ𣬽ҰֵҩҲ˳СʱĹͺȥһ롣
ȾƵͬʱ˵˶Ըһص³ֶ飬һ˵¶ѦС߶ʱˣСˣҸ첲һƣŭСţүô㲻ңȴûæ㵽׼˼ҵֵǲ
⻰ô˵ģʱһźôôŪСôȥѦС߿Ѧڵӣһи̣Ѧأ
ѦСߣҿɲ˵ֻ˵ûü֪ͨѦСߵһ˵Ͳ֪ͨˣȻҸˣҿ϶ȥǱƲҡ


840 ³ռ
ѦСߵĵҸûԤϵģҲѦС߲֣Ϊ̫գвһ޼ҵһʼǹ¼ҹһ˶ſڣ¾˺У˵ǣҡ
ѦС߾ͲһˣҴҵ󣬶ѦҵҽУʵڲȥðա
ؼѦСߵΪк֮仹һЩģһлҵĴУϴϵһ뱾¶ûѧҲǳ׵ҽ
ˣѦС߻һĻľһܹľıǾƵģҲһıֶΡ
ѦСִҪǣҲʵҲܾɣû֪ͨѾˣٶ˵ЩʲôƵøҷɡ
¸ûãٴα죬ȥţս壬վſڣûżݣһϸۣҵļ򣬵ͷСӣ⼸û͸һƵģҶϲˡ
ս˵ϲңҵò˶ôı仯ɢĞųâ¶ΪչɢĞų֮ϣҲǿϢĻսĸ֣һ¾ܹоġ
˵ҽս뵽
ˣһﶼ˴ʶòܣһ˴˺һ֮󣬱
ս峣ص鹤һУ֮󣬸ɿһֱ⣬ɨһ֮󣬲ɫܹһΪͬһĳȻڵˣС˽ĽãҲйĽ飬Сŵѱĳ˵ѣλ棬ҲͲ˵ˣֻһĿģǽ³زдһص׽ǴӴ廹ǴСŵ˽˵һõ顣
һ£ֵλѾСſеõһЩϢһ֮Ҫ³صһصΪȥһصСصˣصԱ˲أصֵܾĸ߶ӣԲɻ棬һص³صдΧɣȻõĽȴǺֹۣ³ص崦ֶ棬׽𣬲صԱҲʧ˺ܶ࣬һصܴһֱ۾³³أֶĲ֮أƼص˺ܴѶȣҲصĺһʱ¶棬صȻһֱ۲ǱߵĶȴûʲôرҪϢ
鳤Ǿͱ˵Щ޹ؽҪ飬Ǽ˾һ𣬾׻ĿǰҪ֪ľֻ㣬һûһص³صֶϢڶصܹṩʲô֧֡
⻰ǻ˵ģСӱȽϼЩסսǹһĻֱ⡣
սڻдĻûбֳʲôеֻ΢һɫǺðɣȻشĵһ⣬ص³صĶȽϴ󣬶רһصԣ³³ֶ潫е£ûֳκζһֱûʵԵĽչǸݸ³صԱһЩȷһѡ˵³һң³һպУʹ÷ȭ³һĴ󻧣⻧˼գϵ˶֮Ϊ³ռң˲ű³ռҵܴΪܣϴ³ռټһݼҵΪĻı㣬Ǹ׶ԸĽɫ϶ձ壬ͷ˵ܹһ
˵ʱս廹⿴һۣһӡ
ѦСһûס磬϶ʲôͷ˵
ձ˵Ҳصһ߹٣ҼܸߣǻϵصܸˣСŵүүһ쵼
ս˵һȥɽؽȻ쵼Һܿ췴Ӧ˹Ȼ˵磬˵ô࣬صһص³ֶʲôϵ𣿡
ϵɴȥˣݿɿϢ˵ڰ֮ǰеХ죬Ͷһص³ֶ棬³ֶʹһְҲ˵Ҫ³ֶľλãԴ³ռ֣ܹõһЩüĿ
⻰һ˵Ǽ˶ݵĳĬʼ˼Ŀԡ
˵³ռҿ϶öԸⲻźڰô


841 辶
Ƕս˵ĻһЩʣ˵ĻǾһЩֵȶĵط
ȣѦСʳеʣȻ³ռ³һƬطôܳԵĿǮƣΪɶеХ컹ȥͶһصôǳԱ˳ŵ𣿡
սƺ뵽ǻôһʣǽ͵Ǿ֪ˣ֮еХ죬Щңڰ֮ǰһ󰸣³һŵС˳ͻһʱʧ֣ɱŵвٵӣʦɱХ챨𣬽Х콫ǰȥļҲȫɱˡ
ҪڽǰڽͻۣǷᣬһɱôˣЩڵҲЩ浽˵صص飬ֵĺܴ󣬼ΪϾֵĶձҲȲԣХ³ռңͶһص³ֶ棬³ֶ֪ռҵХΪܸߣһ͸һʹݣʵХͣһʹݶЩίˣ飬Ǵһһصа̷ӿеõϢԭֻΪХˣȴûϵ㵽һص³ֶ棬ԣǿԴռҵķ֣ܹõһЩϢ
ʱ򣬻̧ͷս壬ɻȻص֪ռͶ³ֶ棬Ϊʲôȥ³ռңȴϢأ
ս忴һۻУЩε˵ǿ϶ȥˣռϴ³һҧǼԴӳ֮Ҳûиϵ֪ӵǼ϶صֵһУص鷽治ñƵ̫һ㣬ӦҲ⡭
ôһ˵˵Ĺȥˣ˵Ȼص鶼޷ռϴõХϢƾǼܹ֪أ
һٴһݵĳĬȻȴ˼ƽϣʵռХΪʲôŵ˽𣬴Ӷɱģ
Ϊ⣬˲ĦΪռҺż³һˮģ׻˵ͬǳˣһԲϱХʧֽżҵˣŻᷢ顣ռҿ϶ҪżҪ࣬⣬ǵ飬ռҲһЩ⣬ҲһЩ˽ͶĳĹνǼҲᣬǼ϶ձӦţҲû˸ռҡսƺ׼ſڱ
󣬻һ䣬ʵռϴ³ΪΣ
ǿǿ˺ܶࡣս
ս˵һսΪص鳤һΪǾŹԵֶθ˼ɵѣ³ֶαҪǿ࣬ò˽֮ġ
˽⵽̶ȣǼж˼ƽϡ
սѯһص飬ʶˡ
սṩİҲΨһܹҵ³ֶĹؼİ취Ǽ˿϶ҲüĿģĿǰ˵³ռҵ·һݾ
Ȼصȷʵò֣һ³ռ³صԺգҲᣬһҧ˸ХûκϵҲûа취˿϶ռܱȻϵ³ҲȻ֪³ֶʲôطص϶ʲʲôģĽɢʿ辶С
ߣص϶ɵǼ϶ձһѹȻձ岢սĶͷ˾ҲһУһ仰սͻԲ˶ߡ
ǸһȻ³ռص鲢ֱӳ棬һõ³ֶľλãս廹ܹṩ֧Ԯģֻʶṩսĺô
֮⣬һһ¹ڰֽ³ֶǷ飬³ֶ棬սʾΣǱصʵ̫ˣһüĿûС
һսһ绰ƺصǱǸǣֱ뿪ˡ
ǽַ֮˿һӱǽ壬ٴһ
ҶԻкѦС߶ָ⡣
ҵĻһ䣬һͶǰ³ǳȴֱȥ³Хľ֮ʳβ˼ƽϣ鲻ӲģҪˣһЩֶβС
кѦСȻûжʾȫҵжһͳȥ³ռҵ鷳


842 ¶ĳ
ҹѦСߺͻоסҵļʱͻȻһڳ˶ϻµ׵ʱֻǧһǧ֥˵ǧ֥֮ܣѵһҩүүһص䳤ϴһƣʮƣƶɻѦСұ㽫ǧ֥˳һѦСǧ֥ܷүүϵƶ
һǧ֥ʱѦСߵʱסˣⶫģȻܸ˵ʵǵ˵һ£ֻܲܽⶾ
ѦСϸһǧ֥üͷջҡҡͷ˵ǧ֥Ȼѵһҩ޷үϵƶƶʮְԵǽѩ֮⣬ҩɽ⣬ΪⲢһĶƶģеĶȶǧ֥ⶾĻֻõʵ䷴Ч
ѦСһ˵ģޣүѾһ࣬һƶٴηүӱһغˣǽѩȥңһһüĿûУڼ䣬ҲѦС߶෽̽ѦСߵҲûһ
ѩĵر˵ҾҵĶҪһУһ뵽;öµûţٵһ࣬һûнѩϢĻ鷳ˡ
һҹҶûô˯ţ
һ·֮в˯ţǵүӵ
ڶһ磬򵥵ʰһ£һк֮󣬱ֱ뿪Уֱ³
ս鱨³ռҾൺǼһܴ˽ׯ԰³ס档
ȻûɵֱӴȥ³ܵ䣬ռô϶к֣ܶǻûм³ѾſˣҪӳ顣
ѾıˣҪ־ֱӴռƫŵĵطһ£³ֱ취ʳХ䡣
ռҼҴҵǮ·Ӻܶ࣬ز㿪ˮ⡭ⶼǮ·ӣȻռҲвƫŵֶΣҪ˽¶ĳŸȡ
ô³أҵ뷨ȥĶĳ˾ͽĶĳˣһ漰ռҵĸ棬ҾͲ³顣
ȥռҿĵ¶ĳʲôطҲսõϢ
ԣǵൺ֮󣬱ֱӴһֱռҵ¶ĳڡ
¶ĳ϶ǲӪҵģҲżҵ˵ط֮ǱڽһСݳһٺʣ˶ӣҹɫ١
ռҿĵ¶ĳڽһȼٴһҲۣһϰ˾ŵӣСӾͱвٺ½Ǹȼٴ
˳԰˷ѾͣǶȼٴ岻Զĵط۲Ƕȼٴľֵط룬ȻǷɭϡ
ȴǬ˱Ʈ˳ǶȼٴһȦȻ֮󣬱˵ȼٴȫǸ裬ûжˣڶȼٴĺһεĵطвԱ룬һſſڵ˼֮󣬲ܹȥ
ս岢ûиἰ飬Ҳǣ¶ĳǼùĵطĿŵӪҵҲ˭ȥܽȥĵطҪôһЩ϶ͽ϶ͽܵ˽ȥҪô֤ԼݵĿƬ
ʱѲҡ
˽˴ŵ֮˾ŻкѦСȶһҵĵ绰ж
ѦСߺͻ֮㵽һεڣ֮ǰҵƤߡ
ռҵܴҲĿʾˣԺҵ鷳ܾǷǾ;⡣ߣұûдԼȥ顣
Ƥֱ֮ߵͣһ֮һx5ͳ߿˹򿪳ţ˹ȥóˣһЩͷĿһۣʵɶ
ڴ򿪳һɲǣǳųɨһۣ־һˣٺЦС磬С椲椺㡭
һȥҡһ죬һЩҩĻ˵ϰ䣬˹ȥ
ֱ˳ţ˸ʻϣʼָһͨҪѰҽ¶ĳĿƬϵģĽҰĶȼٴ壬ǿ϶Ĳġ
˺һ֮ҾʹָҵһſVIPĺɫƬԼ˳


843 ܹݣɻ
Ҹָµҩֵܹ糿ѹʱҵͰˡ
⣬һһֻԼϣ˵¶ĳ֮󣬿϶ҪЯֻϽȥģʱֱӽСӵֻȥɡ
ˣұҡڵĳǸȼٴ˽ȥ
ȸղ˵ƬԺ֮沼õȷʵһȼٴģӰʲôУϴ޺ƣȴûʲôˣȻ϶һͷĵط
ڶȼٴǰһȦƬ֮½ط˴ŹʣһЩҲģĸЩ˵󣬳ǶȼٴĺԺ˹ȥ
ǰ˺ģһ·֮϶̸ΣӮ˻˵⣬һھʮʮģǽһ¡
Ҹȷһ飬طһģܴĵ¶ĳ
ںԺһξ룬Ȼһ͹ɫСԺӣҲԲεģСԺſδ󺺣һPOSƵĻ
ǰ棬ܿͱδ󺺸סˡ
һЦʵ
ţǰһӼʮ򣬽˵ɶҲ̻رѣһܹģܲи㣿ǰ˵
ȻϹ˿͵ѣǿ϶ӭǵΰſ´ԼˡǴЦ˵
ǸΪ˵˵ͷǸ˾ͽȥˡ
ҿǽȥˣ˼ͱδ󺺸סˣһƵ˵ȵȣλĺܰǲǵһι
Цŵǵһιġ
ûУһʵ
ˡӿڴｫǱĺڿ˳
һù˿ǺɫĻˢһ£ɫʱһ䣬ʵŶĿôϣ
ҲΪˣԭ⿨ʾ˵ݳû뵽飬Դתĺܿ죬˵⿨ҴģԼģôǲӭ𣿡
ǺٴϸۣߵǸС˵Ŷ绰ȷһ¡
⻰ȴ˶û뵽ϸ
ŵһһ£ȥѵŶ
ܿ죬ǺӾʹ˵绰Ƭֻֻ֮˳ǰһΣ˵ˣˣҴֻϡ
ҲǾңҿղŽֻ˹
һ£ֻ
תĺܿ죬һ˵ˣȻǲҽȥ棬ӲȥˣֲһҿԶģȥĵطһȥ֮ҲҴˣʲôƵط
˵գܹݣתߣܹĲģǶǴˣǵĲүҲҵʱһæǰһסҵĸ첲Ц˵˵磬߰ղСܶеԲסˣҲǹأϣ¾ӽ¶
۾һתʵռôڰˣʲôӣǸ߿ˡ
ɫһ࣬˴˿һۣղǸǶֵô˵Сʻ괬ղŶԲס˸ǣȥɡ
ˣҸȷһӱռҵĲҵ
ֵװһӵģ˽ȥвʱֿһţſڴŵ׳ҽڿ˳ǿһۣһرǰһҪɶˣҵĺڿֱ֮ӱҽȥˡ
߽ȥĵطһʼһطװ޵ĸûʣһʹһ㣬ͷϵˮƣҲǼֵơ
в˵˵ЦЦһƬֵľ
Ҵ˴һݻĴǰ棬ſ۵Ů߶һϣ¶ѩ׵ĳȣߵǰʱŮ΢΢һЦϹӭ١
˵УŮƿţһҸȫסˡ
һĿռ䣬ַǷǧƽ׵Ŀռ䣬滹иݣüű¶Ų֮̊ŤŤȥ
֮⣬ʮŶ̨ÿһŶ̨ΧΧŲˣһ죬ΧвĴ߶׳˴ΰ
ſ߰ӣ˽ȥ
ⳡֱӽҸˣɴ˿ɼռҵͬһ㡣


844 ȳıӮ
ûкڰǿʵ֧ţ˭⵨ӿôһĳǼֱǲˡ
߽ĳ֮СЩ顱ļ
һʼҲ;³ռҲһǿռеһСҵҶʱҳӡ
꣬Ҳ̫һЩ
һô󣬵һĳһôĳ档
һһģĳȥַͣǷ
е˾ʹڶϼ࣬Щ˷ܵĺ档
вٴű¶ŮУһʱЩۡ
ҽ֮洦һ£̨ʮţʽʽ淨϶УͷӿȻнŴ̼ĲϷ̡ټ֡ʮһ㡢׸ƱйĲ´Сӡƾšз̯ȵȡӦоС
Ҿ𺳵ǣܵĹսǴϻЩ˾ʹյϻԱ߲ͣˣϻ㻩³˺öӲҡ
Щ淨Ҷ˽һЩСʱ򿴵ӰмʵĽӴͷһء
ѦСߺͻнйǿҲΪ֮𺳵ġ
ҹ˺һ֮󣬱һӦӳ˹мƺϣ΢ЦʵҪһ𣿡
ʵǮһ
Ӧһ£ǾǸһ㣬Ȼʵ֤Ҿˡ
Ӧٴι΢Ц˵ģһгԺȶṩġ
ԵҲѣָӦһ
ӦҲƢãӦһֵʲô費ҪҸһ£
֮һƣһڣٺЦˣԼͺã˳һ䣬ǳԵĵطģ
һ£ӦˣŲԶһ̨Ƶĵطָһ£˵ǡ
ҵͷźƾͳǱ߱˹ȥҲѵͣǻÿɾĳһ٣ĺء
ǹ̨ǰֺóԵĶһЩӦҪһ̣һ߳һĴй䣬׸ôʲôط֡
Ҿһר䷹ԵĳԻһ㣬һ߳һ߹䣬һĹһ̵ζ㱻ҽ˴룬˵طĶζ
ĸһǧѹӦһЩԺȵĶЩССݵĶôһĳ˵㲻ʲô
СүﲻΪ˳԰ʳһ¶ġ
գҶӼһŶǰǾۼһŵģΧվ˲ˡ
ϸһۣﾹȻǶĴСģڶĲ˵򵥵һ淨
һӣҡȻӵĴСĿʮΪδС´һǮ
ҲĲ淨Ҳᣬһѡ
վǰҡӵһʮҵŮǽһÿװ۵ģһͷ̷һɫĳȹǰôһƬ׻ֱ۾
ҷ֣ĳŮֻҪǲǹģȫʮƯӦǶĳΪ֮
һԵһһ£ô淨
һ˵ҶʱһһҪʮǮһˣգۼĹûˡ
Ϸʡ򹤵ʱ򣬸ʮǮһǲԲȵ£Ⱥ˻ǹġ
ʮǮһܹóġ
ϢĴϱİóʮǮЩۡ
ʱҡӵŮͻȻ˵λˣ֣ȫƾҿעˡ
˵УŮʼҡеУŻһӻζ죬Ů㽫͵һ¸ϡ
൱һרҵġ
һ߰˸˽еǮϣǮĳעʼ򶨴С
ղڽǮóʱ򣬾Ѿȸٻ˳һ壬ɸԼ֧Լ壬һܹͨ
һӵʱұȥһƣǴСȻվұȻһơ
ȻʱֻһܹûߣҲƵȵĴڡ
ȻǶĲǾӮҿ϶䲻˵ġ
һ˺üѣ˲Ӯϰ򣬶ʱ˷ܵĲУһΪͽͻȻ顣
ҲͻȻҵһ¸·ŷ֮һ¼ܣǱǷıӮ
һʼʱ˻ûʲôһʮ֮󣬶ʱ˵ߣҲСӿ԰õıôѣһѶû


845 ָͷϹۺү
ӽڣҲͰСʱĹҾѾҺüˣһˬ˵á
˺ܶ˶ʼһעҲǷıӮܵ˺ܶ˵׷
˼ǣһӮôǮʮ欵Ů˹һһҵϣϵĿãҲ˧޲ֱӾҵĴϡ
ӮôǮ˸óһӣмǵ˵ݹѩѣҵţ˻óɿҳԣһͷĻЧ϶һЩ
ȻЩ¶ŮЩϲҵǶͽҪװһɵĶģҲŮһֻ첲§һǵؿڸʮųƱ
Ůңֿܡ
һֿΪǮһ΢һЩĶĳŮ˳֣ӮǮûȥЩôմ⡣
ڶֿܱĳڲԱҳǧңڶĳһ˳ǧǺʮҵģֶϽŶģŪСôȥ
ʲôԭȻ£ЩҲһЩͨ˶ѣǾǽӵɳҲܷȵĴڣʮߣܸӦȵϢ
ڵȵѾܸˣȻ޷ȣȴҲʮܹԼסϵɭڳҲѷĴڡ
һɵģֵĺϲ£죬ֻ˵󡱻ߡСǮ͹
˺ü֮ߵĶʱ󲿷ֶͽߣȫյ￴֣Χ㣬ˮйͨҡӵŮɫѾʮѿҲ˺
ʱҷҵ߶ɱĿ⣬߿
ңҵԻһֵͷһ˿۾һ˫۾ӥȫ֣һֻ֣һֱ°ϵĺӣһҡ
˵һָֻͷֱСָָҲĻͷһۣܿͻعͷȥƺҲǸߣΪߣǿģ̾Ͳ³ݡ
ͷӦҲǸͽȱָͷ϶ΪԲűġ
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ҷǲ£ٸҲƳһСڰæġ
˼֮վǴѵӮǮ˵Ŀ⡣
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ӮǮӮˬʼûĿģﲻΪˣǮģҪ鷳Ļ³
ֵԽԽãǲҵ鷳
һѣٴӮһǮǸҡӵŮŵѾ죬ֽŷһģڵء
ʱͻȻһұ𣬲֪ĸЩŵĺһүүˡ
ԭֲݵĻʱѻȸһͷȥȺ֮ĳ߷ɢ˿ȥһʮ˳˹
ɫʮŭϴһɳɱ߶ŲƮƮģӦǸӡ
νĺүһ·˸кҲ͸˿ĵ˵ͷһ仰û˵
ܿ죬Ǻү˹ȥֱߵҡӵŮߣŮʱŵһ£зŵ˶ϣͷվһߡ
ʱһֱվĶָͷǰյǺүߣС˵ЩʲôһҲû
ǺүǶָͷĻ֮üͷ΢΢һ˵ͷָͷҲ˵һԡ
ͻȻЩүϴһѹ˶оЩѹ֡
ҵûʲôΪһʼ㲻⡣
бϣ΢ЦſǺүʱŷǺүȻһֻ۾ڶһƬȥʮֲֿ
Ǻүһ֣˵ϵѿ𣬶һүӵĸˣλСֵܽǺӮ˴Ǯģĳύһ£֪СֵԺδմ
Ҫ̵ˣҵ˵ͷǺЦ˵˵ޣһ֣ϳǣãѣүա
Ҹ˵仰ʱһһǮĳߣյҵĶߣС˵񡭡үǲֿɺأ㱻ץס˰ѱĺܲҡ


846 һֻ
ԤϣνĺүպڣֱֻȽϺڶѣԲű֮Ϊү
ҸоүΪҲһ㣬ҸƲۡ
˵ղԱŵʱ˳Żһѣһˬ³ռҵܴ󣬲ϳǵү˼ҲǺǵģԺܵϳүȥҲֵĿǹҧһë
ҲǹҶеί
ǺүԱţ۾ɭȻһЦ˵ֵܣǾʶˣԶǿͣΪˣĳȻҪ֮꣬㣬ĳһΣ
˵ȻһЦ¶һڴ˵Ǻð֪ϰôأ
ү˵˵ҳǧ򣬶еǮٶһֵֻ֣֪ܸҲأ
үĻ֮жʱһ֮
һͷһȫۼ˴˴ղŸҶϺƵǸӦҲˣοҵ֮ǰǻȫһˡ
ĿѾһ˰ɡ
ߵŮһЦ˵ϰ壬ɲ˼ղŶ˵ˣʶ˾ѣһͶһֻ֣ôһ¶
үɭȻЦʮŵ˵ֵܲǲ˰ɣĳټһЩȥҳǧټԼһֻ֣ϵǮټһֻ֣Σ
˻һٴηһ
һ־ǧӦǺ˰ɣ
ⳡﻹûôġ
Щ˶۵Ķͽоǿֲ¶ӮǶûйϵ˿ʼ壬Ҹǰĺүġ
һҪӮˣǧʹԼüӶԺȲ
ǶһֱҲֵõģܶͽˡ
񱻼ܵ˸ߴǲҲöģɷнµĳһѩѣԱһļһݹһɿҿһۣСüɫ˵񣬼ͣǶ֧㡣
꣬ҵ˶
ҽӹɿһ˽ȥﺬ˵ãСүһѡ
˻һڣʱӭһƬͽк
ǺôĵӣǮҪˡ
ү˿ڣʱٺһЦ˵ǿ˵ˣĳ޸ӣ˵ȥĻóȥˮһ˿ɲܲˡ
⻰զ˵ģ˭˭ӮһأҾ㲻ˣСүãûʱ򡣡ҵЦ
ãĳ͵ɫ˵ɣʲôүֵ
ұĲ棬ֻӣϻ˵ǿʼɣһǧؼ˯ءʮŵ˵
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ܲĿ֮£ЩǮǬ˱ȥɣ
Ҿ¶ҿǶˣǧȻóûҴߡ
ЩǮ˵۾ֱˣǰĺһŵĳƱǰһƣȫɢϣǸоһˬ
һĸо
߰ڿƣնʱޱȽǧƽĴһٸˣҴϢһڵϣҹƶ
Ƭ֮˺ܶ˴˴صĴϢ
꣬ǧ򰡣һֻ֣Ĵ棬ֵطһӶܼһء
Ƭ֮󣬺үһѽϵһֻڰ֮вϵҡΣ任Ÿֻҡ﷢һµ죬Ȼ֮һƺֻת˶ǻ
ҡһֶӣүһףȻȵϡ
һ죬ҿߵһ˻סһ£һͷð亹
˶һ亹ǻͿһˡ
Ӯұǧ̣˶ֻ⵰
ôĵһ̡
֮Ǻүзȵ˵СֵܣԶǿͣӵĴС´ǲСҶǸ෴ģ㿴Σ
үˬ죬ҾͲˣҲ϶Ǵ󣡡ûƬ̵ԥ
һڣһʱĸӽߴ˹
֤漣ʱڵˡ


847 
үЦһȻһ۵ڶϵУһ֣˵λѣĳĳĵһʣλ֮ǰҲûмôĶעλѵ棬һĳλС֤һ򿪣Ӯ˫ҪܣԲܷڣ֪λΣ
һ䣬ڳкãҵĹơ
Ȼ˻ǴߴٸϽд򿪣
һʱޱңһƬ׷׳߼˹޲ֱſǶϣһǺүӮӮ
Ȼⳡӵкү¹άЩֻһ쳤˲ӣ߿ЩֱӾվ˶Ͱ̨֮ϣ˷ܵĳ߿
򿪰ɡӮ
ĥߴˣϽһɶء
ЩѾ̲סˣ߽ţȻүɨһۣЩԭŵ˶ʱŵ˲ӣ¶
үɿһྲţү˵Ϊ˹ƽһóĹүУүһӦöʶͲҪĳ˰ɡ
˵ţүԱһӣղŻһֱվұǸָͷһߵ˶̨֮ǰһ֣˵ĳ춷үλСү֤ˣ֣һӮǹأλƺˡ
˵䣬Ƕָͷ㽫ָֻͷַ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬еĿȫ۽Ƕָͷϣնʱޱ
˿̵Ҳֱӣ۾Ƕָͷ
񣬽ϢǶָͷϣʱоһϤϢǶָͷɢ˳
ָͷ򵥣һʼվʱҾѾо˳
һߣͨȫһ
ҪˣʲôֶεĻǿ϶Ҳͷ֡
Ȼүղ֮ǰϷаٷ֮ٵİҿ϶䣬еϣǰָͷϡ
ǶָͷַϵʱǶͷߵϣ΢Цųգգ۾ʾе鶼ϡ
ʼգһʼǮʱȾһֱŶϣͨҹͨҾǴС
һοЩС鷳
ΪǶָͷַϵʱ򣬱һĪϢ֮ڣڵأԹȻ⶯һ˸ȴӲҵķۡ
ͷǰûٸɹ¶Ѿ൱죬ûв´Ļͷ϶еӱһ㣬ܹҲ㣬ҪôеӶѵһֻһ㡣
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ָͷٶȺܿ죬һţȻٵľӾͳǵǰ
ǰһĻʱ˶һ
ǰ㣬ȫһԾСѡĴ
Ǻүһʼ͸ѡСȨռ˱ˣˣȻ˵ʲô
ѵҾ
ûô򵥣
͵˶Ϊ˵ʱ򣬺үǶָͷȫһĨаȶЦݣǱѾһ׳һѶͷõĲ˵׼߹նҵһֻ֡
ʮ֮һʱ֮ڣһֱڶ֮ϵͻȻһӴһЩӶʱɢ俪أתƬ̣һ˲ͱʮ㡣

ǶָͷеУգۼĹ򶼲ʹСһʮ㡣
ϷԵı仯ֱս˵񾭼ޣ䣬Щסģֱһû˹ȥ
Ȼû뵽үǶָͷҲû뵽
ǶָͷԭǹһĨóѰ΢ЦЦݶûüʧܿͱһ֮ɫ
үϿһۣɫʱͺ׵ıˡү
Ҳôһ¶Сһ㣬ôգۼĹʮأ
⡭ôܡܣָͷŵĻһ˼ȥӻΣڵء
ǹһЦ˵ͷβܣѵֽŲɣ
ˣԱһļһ˷ܵɫͨ죬˴ĴָҪԵüһٱ


848 ǧ
Ҹļһ˵ͷĬĸʹһɫ۾䵽ɫĶָͷϣǰһĻȫɵˣԼ㲻ʲô
ûһҲûһ˼ǣ֣ҵҾϲ鲻ѣƫҲ֪Уĵʧ
~ҵǧʣµľֻǻ䡭
˼̫죬ͺ˳ȻʵȴˣΪѼӣգۼĹͷˡ
ҵҪǺүճ
ʮ㣬
ѾǮóˣô˵װȣҿ㾿Բ
ҺǺһЦɻϣŮ˵үҲˣʮ㣬ˣǲҪгŵĳ޸ӣ˵ģ
үԭȵӣ˿ҲĲܵˣվǶԱߣȫӣ˺һ
ΧٴαޱأȺ֮ж˼׳Ĵ֣ʼ߿£˹
ѾΪΣĹͷŪֱӾ͸ҵ
үӼȥĻ϶غغ
ôǵϹ˿ͷô˶֤ķΪǧ͵ˣǵ϶³϶ҲӦ
ҵ۾һ˲˲Ŀźү΢΢
үƬ֮ͻȻһ׳нӹһѲ˵ǰѲ˵ԭҵֵģǺүȴǰѲ˵˹
ҪʲôѵҪԼһֻ֣ȻĿҽǧֽ߲ɣ
Ҿ¶ôôʵء
үǰѩĲ˵һַֻ˶֮ϡ
Χٴηһ֮
үܿӻָءǶָͷһס˺үĸ첲һص˵
ԱߵļҲľ̺ţү
Щֹүֵͬʱֱ𶼳߿һۣĶɱ
ҲͲ鷢
ǣܲңˡ
ϵ˺ܶ࣬Щ˵ɱĿһвԶûУҸ
źүǰѲ˵ͼӴ׵˵үһʼҾ͸˵ˣˣǮˣǮһͿֿŵģǲº˰ɣʯͷԼĽţҪɣǮҴߣֿţǾ͵ѣҿҲ²ȥ֣ԺĳҲûҪˣһ˵ǲǰ
һ˵ʱ۷׷ףڳ˶ϲֵģǮҵֻ۲ǿһ˭ҪˣԶһֻ֡
ĳ棬ǲ˲ͷĵҿⳡԺҲˣҲô˵ԺҲӣһ˵ǲǰ
˻һʱ˵ͣ˵ǰǰǴˣ;˼Һ۸
ǺүüͷһΧȺɨһۣʮֲֿҪɱ˵ĸоٴαѻȸ
һ̣үеĲ˵͵һ»Ȼص¡
һĲҽлص֮Уһ̵Ѫֱҵϣ˳ҵղͣʡ
Ȼұ㿴һֻѪĶֺǶ֮ϡ
ЩСģѪȵĳ棬ŵľһ
ŵĻһ
ղŵҽвǺүģһŮ˵
׹ôһ¶ղŸڶҡӵǸ̷ŮͻȻ׳ϣҡӵֻѾ󴦱Ŀ
Ҳ˶ˣүԶֱô˼һĴָһ
Ů˵ĶִѪֹȾˣ־ʹǸŮ۵Ļڷסʹ飬˺ѷΣҿһĻʱʹվָźүģҲ꣬Ҫɶ
ҲүͻȻøһܿվ˳ָźүģ˾ˣ˼СĻ㲻ˣ
ĲģǶǼҴҵڵЩˣүȻײУ˶һĻܶ˶޷̡
ǺүմѪĲ˵Ƕһһ죬ŵָźүһ
ʱĺүֵĨЦݣͻȻָ̧֣ңһһ˵޵Сӳǧ


849 ·
ҳǧ
ү˵仰ʱһ㶣ѵǿڰˣ
ܰȴʱվϣû˷ҲһãȻɫ
һתĺܿ죬˵һﶼҲ˰ôһӣ˲䣬˼СҲͰˣϣүĳӣҪǽ첻߳ȥһٸɣһǲ
ǰǰ̫ôصˣԭүˡ
ޡϹˣԺҲⳡˣʲô
Ҫоͱ̫ˣⳡӸͱȥӳѡ
һʱ䳡߰㣬˵硣඼ߵģҲһͽҽ˵һҲֵǣϣǿԼԸͳһսߡ
͵˵ĸǣҪ˺үĳʱǺүͻȻĲ˵һ¾ͿǶ֮ϣϵ˵һﾲһĳλ˵һ£Сӳǧ֤ݵģһѵ뿴һ𣿡
˻һ˵ٴֹͣȫ˺үߣҲʮֺ棬ҵҪүܹóʲô֤ҳǧ
ȾôվߣֻҪһ£һƾ
ǺүͻȻӶóһӣָм䣬˿һۣȻһ￴ˣŵ
˵ţǺүһͻȻͱˣȥһ֮һźɫԲӡ
涯ֽš
˭أǿ϶ҡ
ʼգҶûһ¡
˿ĺɫ֮һƬܿ˾ͷӦ˹ʵүһӶǳĶλСүǵһӣѵ֤ǳֽŵģ
ү΢΢һЦԴǵ˵λĶһܹͨнаǵĲ٣ҲǵģŮ⣡
˵ţүеĲ˵ָ˱ڶϣѪֹǶ̷Ů
˵ϣѾˣȥϵǻ켣֣ݺıҲһ֣ò
ҲûţҪүˣʲôг
Ǻүò˵ָǶ̷ŮɭɭʵСⳡҲһˣҺүɲ㣬վȻͬͷүĳ¶үܹĵ𣿡
үҡûСûСǸСĺڷŮ۵ȥҡͷ
үȻݺҲ϶ϷˣʱүеĵСĲϣ̾Ϣһ˵С֤ȷ䣬ͶܾˣǲϵĻǺүֶҲ֪ġ
ȥүô
ԾգˮŮ˵ҲϣǸﶥ¶ܹסһǾֻ·һˡ
գ̫ôˡ
ΪӮˣԭ˼Һ滹кܶأû뵽ǳ˵·ôũˡ
Сںүв֮£ŵĻһܿԣ̧ͷһۣȻܿĵͷȥ֪ʲô
˴Լʮ֮УСͻȻٴη˵үүһɣҲûа취Ҹ޸ϾҪˣûǮӡʵûа취ˣġ
Сһ˵һƬܶ˶һֻȻĸоҵԶһˡ
ղһֱҶСӣʱҲǾԶ֮һһѪ
ڳҲûˣҲ֪ǺүµȦףǽСŮڻҡ
˵ʵСŮȻңҷûһ˿Թ֮ģᷳҲûа취ΣĻ˵Ļһп۵ˡ
Ϊ˻һֻ֣ഺ٣绨һͣϵһֻ֣Ƕôϧһ飬ȷʵͦġ
С׿ڳ˸һϻﵽĳǧƭǮʱȺԶһЩʱѾʮ׳Ȼ䳯߿˹
վڶ֮ϣҿһЩ˼һ˸ҶҶ֣ȥЩ˶ſ£Ҳôƻ


850 ̷˽п̷
ۿЩ׳Ҫ߹ʱӦЩʲô
һ֣˵һȡ
⻰һڣЩ׳ȫͣס˽Ųǰ
ϵϢ΢΢ͷųһЩʱһĪѹչ¶ʱס˳ӡ
ֻǲҪĻ˵ڣǺү޵ģ߾㻹ʲôõģŮ˶ѾǺϻǧ顣
΢΢һЦ˵үˣϷδҲ̫ǳһЩɣʲôСŮ֮ǰûмˮ˵ҳǧȫտڰݺðɣ˵ǰ㣬⣬Ҳ⣬ǸղӺжǶĵһѿĿ֮£˶֤ģаҲôһθ˽ͣ
˻һڣ˴ʱղ̫Ŵ̼ˣȻһ˵˳˶Ȼ
Ǻүǲ뿪ҲݺֻǺٺЦƱղźүֻ̽һ㣬Сӹ¶ţô˵СҳǧȣֻҪǳµģүҶᰴս죬˰ǧСӸ´ߣ
үһ£ΧߵЩ׳Ѿ಻סֱӳ˹Ҹûд㷴Ҳûȶ֣ƾЩ׳˹˶֮ϣóӽ廨
ֻʵԵ˼£ȴһﶼûУүôһƭӣ˲ˣˮһԺҪСİ
󺰣ʱ˲˵ķŭָźүҪ˵үŪýͷö߳ŭ˶ҵ졣
һ׳˵һֱϲȦұ˵ˡ
Щ׳廨ҴȺĳһ첽ȥ
һ·֮ϣ۷׷ף˶ߵɫкܶһ˦ӣ˲١
ôһ֣ĳԺҲȥˡ
ĳʲôҪһûҲû
ϰ嶼Ժ˭ôֵط
ұü׳ŴȺ˶ĳһ䣬Ȼ󴩹һȣȵľͷһţŵǰ滹վˣұѺ׳ţߣһߵ¥ݣӦǵҵλá
ת֮һһߵ˲ֵżҽС
Щ˽Ҵмһŵſڣǰƿţһѽ˽ȥ
վһʱʮƽ׵ĵﻹвˡ
ĸ˵˫ֱϣıˣѾûģˡ
Ǳ֮⣬ﻹŰӵĴ󺺣϶ΧһѪ߰ߵΧȹһĺ⣬һͲʲôö
ұƽ֮Ҳһϣ˫գ뿪˵棬оܲ˫ֱŵĵطһۡ
ұ֮һ⣬͹˹ϵķһΣҺٺһЦ˵Ƕʲô¶ģ
ҵ챻ˣ˵Ҳһ
ɭȻһЦ˵Сӣͦţİ㿴үһźʱ֪үˡ
˵УֺǯӼһպǰһ£һȵϢӭϵĺëһζ
ֺһ֣պֱһϣ۵СӷһɱĲҽУһͷֱ˹ȥ
ȥĳ˽̵ĵط
һС³ռҵǶܸɵĳ浱ԼӲɣ
һʼҶԸ³ռһôһϾ˼ûң˼ҵ鷳ģǵЩˡ
ѪζһƤⱻζֺջٴδյҵǰЩ̵ЦСӣûУµĻ͵ͷһү˵ֻһ
ֱӷһۣתͷȥȥȴţôǸʲôСүҪŪ㣬͸һֻôס
ʱѾϢĳֺСĹĵģһֻСһɺɷۿžҪ֣ȴҡҡͷʾҪ֡
ֺΪǳҡͷʱͲˣŭˣӼĶˣһЩֶΣ֤ʺ򶼵óôܺᵽʲôʱ򣡡


851 ޣĺ
ȻּһĳﴦһЩǧ̷˽̵ĵطרŸ֣СɫѣʼնûнǷ
ͨͻȻɷļһẦ£ȶӶųڤ֮ضȥĹ⣬ʲôû˵һС棬ͻסңȫŻСӵĵطһ㡣
ֻһ˶ѣĸˡү
Сӿ϶֪³ʲôطҽĳӽ߰㣬ԺƻɲȥˣƬ̣϶ҡ
Ҿڵ
СֿǹڵģԼˣ˵־Ϳ֣һֵСתۼͳһˣиëү֮ô򶼳ɣһӣıҲˣǱթǶԸһ޴ʲôСѾҵĵߣˣһˣ޵ļһԣҿ϶Ĳ
ǰһ׺ݵģǰвţȻҶû۾̷֮ɨӣǰս׼һпõĶ
̷ԼʮƽĸһϵˣǶҲҶˣˣѪ߰ߣҲ֪ô˺үģ
ǰֺвҵͬʱһֺƤޣһϵ˺ĳÿһȥ϶ʱƤҺѣסģȻԽ㣬ֺԽûأֱӽ˴˹ȥȻһԵĴҨһưˮֱϣѹ֮󣬾ͼ̫ײˡ
ǰֺ˺üӣҶûʱյĲУʱݺݵһȭͷҵСһȭ
ȻѾȫĽģɢȫӲľһְ壬ֺһȭҵûɶ¶ֺȴһֳ˻ȥͣ
ҲݣôǸӣһúúźУֺ˵ţһ½ϵĽ˺
ҿסˣǽճ̫ҵĺӶ۵һ
СүϿǴһƤأ浣ϵĽҵƤ߸ǲ¶
ãҸоϲûʲô쳣ҵƤ߲ͦġ
ֵֺ˵˼໰ۿҪ̣ʱ̷ͻȻƿˣ߽˼ˣΪ׵ɫѿĳϴүǶָͷү
һȫֱ̺˹ʱ򣬲ԶǸֺ˹һӣǺүƨɺ棬ү۾űϵңȴĲ˵
ԵĶʩѹҺûиоѹٶЩЦ
ںүү󣬽Ÿ׳׳Ѻһˣֱźү˹ĺһţǸ˱˺үǰ
ںүǰǸʮˣƤܰףһǹŵûܹʲô࣬˴˿ȴ˺үǰŵսսȫһ±˵үٿҼɣ취Ϊ˻ĶծҰѹˣ׷ˡʵòǮ
½ܣĳѾˣô죬㻹òǮǾͲҪĺˡү˵
⻰һ䣬׳ʱǸΪ½ܵ˵ϣղŸүӵǸ˹һץ½֣ܵһλε޹Ǹֵ
үٿɣ죬һ취Ǯ롭вУ½ѾЩ˻ˡ
үȴҡҡͷ˵Ѿܶˣʧȥģȶ㼸ָͷϢ֮òǮӾ㣬ŮȥĶծ
˵գүֺʹһɫֺ˵䣬Ϳ½һָͷʮָģʹಢһ˿ܵģ½ܶʱ۵Ĵ޴ûǻˣȻֺһָͷȫģһһĿʹǳɱϵݼӣһĸָͷֺ֣ͣǸ½Ѿ۵˹ȥ
ֺһž˵Ķָ½һ۵˹ĥĶûиˡ
˶ȥٸʱ䣬ǮͰ˵İ졣ү˵һ䣬׳½̧ܸ˳ȥ


852 ɱӺ
ĿһǰûκζҲûκ
½֮ܵǰ϶ǼҲģԼĹ׷ӣմȾ˶ĲһжˣˣҲûˣź˵û䣬ܿ
ǿ֮˱пɺ֮ö˶һˣմ˶񫣬ԼһжˣȡֲñˣΪԼᷭȻĳĲģмܹӮǮȥ
ҾһӣոջӮǧתۼͳ˽ܻиְ취㣬ҪǮߣûţ
ĳĶģн޳
ʵҾҲǷַӵ飬ҿɲʥĸûʲô飬ȻһԹۡ
Ȼ֮ԴҵǰãҲнģүɱӺһ˵
Ǹ½̧ܱŶȥ֮󣬺үǱĿٴҵϣһЦ
ô治ʶ̧٣ôʰ㣡ֺ˵ţӵϼһӾҪϴүȴ˵һ䣺
ֺеĹӱͣ˰֮УæתһķⶼЦӣĵǣү
ү˶ȣ߿˹ֿ죬ٺһЦ˵˵˵ɣʲô·˭ָʹ㵽ҳ¶ģ
ģĲˣǿĳģˣǮģСүãӮ˼ѣôָʹأѵӮǮ˶Ǳָʹ𣿡˵
޵ģ˵˵ɣ㾿γǧģ˵˵үһһԵǶָͷүƺЩͲסˣһʳ⣬Ȼбˡ
ү֮ǰǸͽĳ֮еĹĳ֮гǧֶһ۾ܿƣȴϷֲһ˿˿ֱսȨ
ԣŻһʳ⡣
ûгǧտڰĺ˵˵ֻ۾ˣ
˵ûгǧĻôÿѶӮǮϷݺĳʮ꣬ûмģ㻹˵ûгǧү۾ʵ
ûûУСүãס˵ȺҲ̫ǶˣԼ˶ӣֹڵİ棬Ժ˭ҵǳ棿޼ɵ˵
үСӾѼӲϻˣЩֶΣ֤һģʲô˵ˡֺһʼͿҲ˳ֻۣһźˣӲͷܸȤɡ
ү˼һջǵ˵ͷ˵ðɣͽˣӵʱ䣬˿ү͡
òӣӾ͹ˡٺ١ֺ˵ţͻ˹˳ִһԵóһǯӣǰһΣȻҧгݵ˵СӣھУЩƤ֮࣬һǿɾˡ
ҳֺ΢΢һЦȻʵûкڹأ
ֺһ㶣ʵʲô˼
Ա̵ʱûԼһҲʰЩһֿܾҳֺ΢΢Цţٴ¶һڴ
ϵɭȻЦЩֲֺסһ裬ҲŪ㣡
˵ţֺץסһֻ֣ǯҪסҵָ׸ǣҪҵָһƬƬİγʮָģʹһǿסġ
ֺ֣һ
ס֣үͻȻһֺͣеĶתͷ˺ү
үһЦȻʵ޵ģǲͨˣͨ˾͸Ͻ˵үûʱ׷ѹ򡭡
۾һתǺôĵӣҶСү֣֪ҵ˭𣿡
һ˵ЩҰյļƣʱס˺үү˶ʱһ㶣ǺүСʵ˭
ҵϳǵүûУ
Ѿˣһڵףˮ
˻һڣǺүүʱһүС˵үɲ򵥰ϳǵһ磬ͨֲСᣬԭүĹӡ
үɫʱ˵ʲôµģСӽһʳʲôǾаѱүҹжүţǵĳӶСӸˣʧôܵи˵ɣ
үҪذүǡүС˵
£ӣ֣үƺ¶˾ģһҪңɼ³ռҲǶôү


853 Ŵ
ʵͦǳģԴСʬһ֮󣬾Զ̩ü˶ûκѶλˮҵڡ
һܵ飬СѲ˸ϵȻ޼û̫ĺøС
֮Լװ죬ûоúүүֻǸҵ鷳ˣһ£ҵĿľʹﵽˡ
ֺһǯ˹ұ֪ʱˣһĻ˵ҪԿ
̷֮е˲ֺ֮࣬⣬Ȼʣ˶ָͷүͺүʣµļ˶һء
ĳĿĺܵҪҵĳ¶ģһʼҲ֪˭Ҳʶˣҵ˾Ǻү
ֻܹϵ³ռҵ³
һʼҺͻǴĳĻǿ϶УȻݾߣүҲ˵³ˡºˣүǰΪ֮Ȼȴ֪һֱѰҵ
ȣŴ򹷣һǯ߹ʱͻȻȴһ
ҵ֮Ʈ֮ǰѵһŸˡ
һȣһͲ֪ʲô
ֺûߵҵߣһžͷֺؿ˹ȥʱӽϴһɾ޴ķ֮
ôһŷ⡣
ֺжٶȴҲһűշصײǽ֮ϣӻľͻ˵ϡ
˷Ӧ߶ĳĽ꣬˲ֶס˫ֱֵӸˣ˫űȵ˵ϡ
һ̣һֺһ㶣ֱһ޹Ǹֵһͳ˹
վԭ˿δе޹ǸֵҵĿѻʮֵʱһץסֺӣǧһһק֮䣬㽫һֺ˦˳ȥֱֺӣһǽϣԴѪͻ˹ȥ
ͻıʣʱúүүĿɿڴ
ҲʲôղСӻϣתۼĹ㽫ֺſˣСôѳأ
ǺүķӦǺܿ죬Եүȥˣס
˵գǺүľһͳ˹ү߿һۣ㳯ſڵķ첽ȥ
Ȼүûߵſڣ㷢һҽУֱͦͦĵ˵ϣϺɫɷֹ
Ȼȳˡ
ЩСɫȵϢܲҶ֣žִġ
үһҺȻ˵ϣүһȦˣôզˣӰûпүֱӾ͹ˣҲ̫ˡ
һ̣ҸүӦʱ䣬һΣ͵˺үǰһƾͳźү˹ȥ
үܿ˳֪Һܲ򵥣Ǹ׶ԸĽɫҲҸӲƴֱ˼һ˦֣ǼҴ˹
˳һ㽫ǰһƼСõİȻǼӣǸɶĳģ˱¡
㵽˭ү
ҲѾҪҸ˵鰡ҲͷĽǼӶ˵ϣһ֣ٴγźүץ˹ȥ
Ǻү˳ִߵ̾߼һѳǲš
ʱٴϢĳ˺үֱӷһţǺүƨϣүһͷһȴʲôûȴ˹
˵үӣܵĪľ֮󣬾ȻܷӦֱӳҵԴ˹
ҺǺһЦеĽȻէ֣һâ㽫ǺүеĿն롣
Ҳ뽫չ¶үǰǱ¶ԼݣϾԺҪý߽һе֣Һֽܿ˻ȥүֻһâԼеĵͶˡ
һ̣һ֣ס˺үĲӣȻһŹȥͽ߷ڵء
үȻЩֶεģûнϻ֮ǰܸҹʮУȴУǵµүһ£ңȻеĿնϣûüӦ㱻ץס˲ӣһ߷ڵء
ү뷴£ҵѾסĲӣүٶһ£ҿ϶ĺܣŵĻԡ
ү̧ͷһۣеɱһİʱȻ޴棬ֻܹԹԵĹ˵ϡ


854 ۸
һʼڶĳ¶ү˹ʰҵʱҲûз־ܣԹԵı̷֮УʱѾ뵽ˣү϶һһߡ
ϾҽĳļȮɨأ϶ҡ
ȴû뵽Ȼⳡ¶ǿ϶мˢӣҪȻǲ˹װ
ֻû뵽үô⣬ʹŶָүһ˹ˣŪһǷծļһǰʾΪҿǶָĳŵĸεѣ
СүʲôѪͳûмʬԶŲסңСֶɶ
ǰװҪ۵ģֻǻûװ꣬Ѿ˵ϡ
ס˲ӵĺүҲǼȻһûˣȴԵòţʮƽ˵ѣлú˵֮Ҳûзǵֳɲݵľ棬ɣǧߣұ֤߳㿴Σ
һ䣬һƾͳźүϳ˹ȥǽһݣүֳָӡ
үĳĻˣһĶֵؿ϶ЩλģһëͷСӴζ϶ܣӦþԼϱݺݵĸ̤ˣƽʱǺү۸ˣʲôʱ۸
үʣµһ֮жʱһĨâɫΪߣĶңҪ˵Щʲôҷһƣ˵Сү˵㲻𣿡
Сӣ̫鲻̫ˣүҧгݵ˵Ķв
ȥǲ
ҳźүӣҿһʮƣֱĺүѪԴͷүʱڷˣſǻ˵ޡү𡭡ˣҪɶûģҲиɰɡ
ɣ
ҵǾ̫ˣҾͼǰװȵˣˣʵʵˣвҡ
ҪǣǸҡӵĶ̷ŮƷһȥһֱֻ֣ӻ˼ҵһûŪѾܿˡ
ҲˣҲԹԵĸҰ顣
ҶֻۿһǺүĶ֮Ҳû˰֮ɫܿͷȥҲʵûУ
ˡүԹԵ˵
˾ͺãǽͿԺúõ˵ˡ˵УҴһԵ̾߼ùһֵܴӣү˫ָȶ׵һߣȻŸղ׼Ҷ̵Ǹֺ˹ȥҴӵϼһѹιǸֵ
ֺҺݺһţײǽϣûлȥֻ۵վ˶ѡ
ŹιǸֵֺ߹ȥʱֺһķ㶶еĿֻ֮ɫ˼㡣
ߵߣٺһЦ˵ָǶǵҸղⲻ
ֺݺݵһĭʲô⡭
ҸղڹûУԲ̫ðɣҵһЦ
ү֪ˡҰɣС۲ʶ̩ɽ˼ң͵ǸƨҸ˰ɣҾǸģǮ
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Ļ˵꣬һƾͳ˹ȥֺϵķҵĶһ£Ľ仰ʻ˶
ţұ㽫еĹιǸֵӵ˵ϣŵֺһ˵ϻ˵ҿղɣ㽫ԼĸָͷҾһΣ
˵Ӷʱſˣ˵𰡡үһҪָͷԷء
㶯ֻ㣿бָͷʱΪɶôˬֵԼˣҺʵ
ֺҵɭ֪һǶ㲻ȥˣһֻ֣Žǰ޹ǸֵҴʱתͷ˲ԶڵϵĺүҲڿߡ
ڴʱҸоһʮɱֺ֮ɢˣʶһӣֺ޹Ǹֵһ¾ͳҵĿ˹
Ԥϵˣһͷʱ͵Ϯһ֣ץסֺ̹ĸֵһĹȥ㽫ֱֺ۴ϣ˳ƽӹ޹ǸֵһȥͺݺݵֺĴȸϣֺǶ֣ڴϰһ£ʱҵİ
Ȼѻûг׽γ޹Ǹֵֺ߷ڵأסһֻ֣һһĽĸָͷȫնֺճʹֱӻ˹ȥ
үôݣʱŵɫղŲǰɱӺҾ֮֮ʶʶʲôĺˡ
۸ˣ顣


855 ̸
ǰѻڵѪ޹Ǹֵһźү˹ȥһΣүҵ˵ɶ֮ɫˣҵ۾ӣҲ΢΢ķ
ҾҪĽɱӺ
ҴһһӣȻһ˵үܺú𣿡
ҡͺáүǰɶǡүϹϾĿҶЩܲˡ
˵ҲɵÿЦ⻹Ƕ˻ĥһɽһɽߡ
ֻǿ߲Żܵء
үĳĲǣɶҲ˵ˣǮǮֻҪүܸ˵զôզ졭үֵ
ɶ¶ȱᣬ㼸⣬ǻشĺأ˵һǮҪģҪҸ˵һٻҿɲұ֤һʲôԼ벻飬˷Լ¡
үʣֻҪ֪ģһκε
ܺãҺڵ̬ȣһܺõĿˣҾһ⣬ĳ˭ģɫ
ү̧ͷһۣԥƬ̣ŵ⡭ĳȻҵģүôдһʣ
Цһе޹Ǹֵǰһ̽źүͷһİΪѾһֻ۵ĺүˣѪ˲䲱һֱʡ
治ʵ˵ٻҪ۵ģҲϣٻ֪𣿡ɭɭ˵
үҵӻ֣̿үĥˣʲô˵ⳡӲҵģֻϹ¶ģʵⳡ³ռҵĲҵǵĶҽ³
ô˵ˣҪСү֪˵ʵǸͷ
үͷ˵αҳ׵Żˣڵϣ
ҳƬ̣˵ڶ⣺ǵĶ³ڲൺ
һΣүʵ࣬ǰһһ棬ڽһׯ԰棬ǵط԰Ӧûš
ҵ˵ͷʾڵ̬ȣȻʵ绰³˵㸺Ķĳ˸ˣ³
үͻȻʳ⣬һ㶣̧ͷң֪仰ʲô˼
˵Ҵߴٵ
ү¶Ҫ֪ˣ϶ʮŭȻɴֹµʬΣι㡭
³᲻Թ
Ҳ̫ռҵŹɣҲпүԹҲ˵׼үС˵
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ˣµĿڴү
Ŀڴһֻ¿˵Ҳ߰ǧǮ֣Ұһ£Ȼ󿳶ϵ˵ڸ㶫Ҵ绰˵Сүĳӣץˣ̸ǵ¶ƽˡ
үеֻæҡҡͷ˵ҡôүԸء
򣡡ŭ
үһæнӹ˵绰ȴ˵ү绰ҲûãǶҸ̸ںһСɫ˹ֻ·һˡ
ôķϻʹ򣡡û˵
үɥүͨ绰ĳΧźȫεˣóȥС
¶ҵû뵽˵ҸղŽʱôûϵֻԭطźŶȥ
ԥƬ̣Ȼ˵ûкţҳȥ绰
еġͨԺһڡү
ðɣҳȥҿһ£òҪˣʲôУֻҪ춯ɱ㣬֪
ҶүģҾһٸӣҲǰˣСүΨΨŵŵ˵
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Ҵߴһ£үվ󣬳˹ȥ
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ճ̷̾ſڿ˼׳һүȻǲƵĳ߿˹ƾҪ֡
Լǰүƺ㣬ŭһүҵĿˣǶ°ɡ
Ǽ׳ү˵Ȼɻ󣬲Ҳɢԣÿһ·
үҲ֪ҵֶΣƾ⼸С㣬ڵģǰˣУ֮󣬺үͷһۣʮֿ˵үߡ


856 ŭ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷ˺ү󣬻ĺ棬ǰ滺Уһߵһֱǰߣһ䣬ǰͳһߵ¥ݣүֱǰȥ΢ԥһ£Ҳ˹ȥźүҲҵľ롣
ãֻҪү΢һЩСеĽֶһĺġ
ȫЩ࣬үұֳĺ׵۷ˣˣκεСʵʵǰ·
ȥǸ¥֮󣬽ͨͱխֻ࣬ݵһ˲Ų
һΣúүǰߣȽ˺үҵͨһҲܹʱ֪ͨҡ
Ų֮ͨȴǰȻʣȻǶ೤ĺԺ
ҸոռǸͨһɽмķ϶ĻȻһ壬ǲϸ۲죬˭Ҳᷢһܵڡ
һĻϲ֮Լ·¶·֮󣬱˶档
ҲΪЩ˸оۣ³ռѾټĲҵϵ⣬άӴļҵȴҪּ˵ĹĲ
ôĵǮôİ
Ǯ˵˼⡣
Ժ֮󣬺үԹԵվңȻүԺһƬӣͿԴ绰ˣ绰ҪЩǮ߱ˣûҪǶңصġ
ϻ·˵
үΣֻͷǰ·
ʵҲ֪үʲô˼ӱˣ취ֲǶ³֪ˣҲóԲ˶ߣΪүһʵ󲻹ӵС˵Ҳܵͽ䡣
һֻ۱õ֤
ԣŻȰҲҪ³绰׼ԼưͿΪЩǮͿԽƽˡ
֪ҵı㣬ҲΪǮΪҵһص³ֶ䡣
绰Ҫ
֪ܻأѾһе׼
үҴ˺ԺľͷǵطиŷŷԱиСݣһͷţүæǰĺһү
үһͷģǳԾһ£զŪġ
үڿ϶ûô࣬ߴϽš
ǿͷҵæţ˳ȥ
Ժǰ˴Լ·һƬӣľдУǸƴɱĺõط
Ҳ鷳
үͷһۣҵ˵ͷֻһ绰ȥ
绰˺һűͨ洫һŮĵ˭
εεģԵЩҹͷֵġ
̧ͷһɫоӦҹʮһӣʱ³Ѿ˯ˣѿ϶ϴˡ
ݴսõ鱨˵³ǸϼһиʮüˣٲȻǸͷˣȻôһεεĴߣϵ׳С
εεүܿĸ˵˼䣬˵Һү
˺һ֮󣬵绰Ǳ߲Ŵһʮֲõ㣬ֻʺүʲô飬˯ǲǲˡ
үŵǸȻү¶ˣǵĶĳ˸ˣϳǹӦǵϻģֶΣǺ֣ܶҡҲסˣ˵̸̸⳥顭
绰ͷ˶ݵĳĬүͷѾð亹΢΢Ȼʮη³
Ϊ³ŭʹүһ٣Ȼ˴Լʮҵʱ֮󣬵绰ͷֻǵ˵һ䣺֪ˡ
Ȼ͹ҵ˵绰
үֻѾʼˣתĿһۣǸоҪƵġ
³ղֻǵ˵һ䣺֪ˡ
ŵ绰ƺҲܹоԷŨɱ
ܹټһҵȻҲǳǸ֮ˣǸֵþصĶ֣ӱˣܹס˵ܹ侲˼⣬˵Ҫ³кܴѡ
³᲻Щĵʺү
ˡү
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ³϶ҵģҲǣռ³һƬôڰͨԣȻ˸սռҵȨǲ̫ͷ϶
ԣҶ϶³϶ʲڶҪôԹʰңҪôŹҾúߵĿԱȽϴһЩǱ˭Ҷý¡


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ҳһƬ˺үȻʵǻҵط𣿡
ģҵׯ԰ﲻǺԶһСʱ֮ھܸϵƲүĲǶҵĶ֣Ȱ㻹ǸϽְɣŪˣ˭϶ÿүĵȰ˵
΢΢һЦȻ˵үҷģֻҪǶҳˣˣҲġ
үҲ˳Ƕĳ鷳ΪǮǶ³ǱСʵүǶҵΪ£ʲôҪĻ´仰ãֲֵĵز
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ȿźүԶһЩҵֻѦСߴһ绰㱨һߵ
ôһ˵ѦСǼһЦ˵аСţˣһ˾ͽôĳŪļɹϴ󶼴סˣˣ˵ĶĳﶼкöŮСӮôǮ϶кܶ˵˰ɣ
ѦСһ¶ҾЩˣʱŮͶͱţҲΪ˹Ҫôû뵽ѦССӾⷢ泶
һػѦСߵĵ绰㱻˹ȥС˵СţǱ߸ûУǵСʱȵĶ˯ˡ
˵鶼㶨ˣ͵ռˣҲ׼һ£ڶĳһƬһСʱǿ϶ɺֹ֣ܶǸ㶨ע۲춯ܴˡ
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ѦСߺͻ֮ͨ۷˺үԱߣСӲûгûܣȻ֪ҵĵϸȴۿǶָүĪµ龰֪һİ취סⲻܻܹһ׽סǿɾˡ
£Ҳү˵Щʲôһۣұ͵£˵һҪ쳣ս
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СŸ磬Ǳˡѵ
Ӧһߵ˺үߡ
үһۣû˵ֻԵʮֽš
ԼĪ֮󣬴ֺüͻȻ߳˺öŹߵļһŲӯ·ûзһһʮߡ
ҪȳѣҶ֪ѾƬ
³ռҹǿôһ׺֣һôˡ
һЩŹߵ˳үӲٴηµ˵ҾȻǡ
ҿһۺүʵЩʲôͷ
ǶµһС壬רųңĺ֣ҸǵĴŽŹأ˼ֻҪЩŹߵˣߵ˹Źأǳ飬ǾζҪȡڡүС־˵
ҳĴɨһۣʮȫŹߣʮҵĵطͣҺͺүΧм䣬ǴǹʮֻվҲܹоɢŨɱ֮ȵɭ
Щ˽ҸΧˣҲûκξţǾ³ǺƵңΪ˶ԸһˣȻôɱҡ
ɨһȦ֮ĿܿͣҵǰʱǰЩŹߵͻȻߺһǰ˿ȥиʮ꣬һǸҹӣɵģһǰ¶ҵ³ռˣǻˣӿ治С
۾һۣȻСʺү˭
үǶԲסԹһˣϢˡүһǼһЩĵ˵
˲䣬Ҿ˹ԭЩֹɱҵ˾Ȼ³Ĺӡ
ҶʱЦˣ꣬˯ͷ³أҪǽӸˣҲó
ôʲôֻռһŹѣҹɲǾģΪάռҵ棬ڹŶãҪ㻹ʲôãռҹʮ


858 ֱһ
үһͱռҵĴĹѪͷǵͷҷһ䣬һūŵģ濴Ǹղڶĳ֮еһۣóڽ˶ļһ
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ұռĹʮӢŰΧһЦճһ㶣϶ҵ񾭲СӿǽˣҷƿڴɵȣЦƨһ޵ʱ򣬶ˣû˸ҵռҵĳ¶һǽƤɣ
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ˣÿһӦöڽ֮ϷѪծͶ·֮£Ͷ³ռңһƬ֮Уײ¶棬ԲŻŹߣ³ռҹܳԹܺȣѵǮǣΪ˸ռҴһЩù飬רɱһЩռԵˡ
˵³¼ЩΪ
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һƿ˺үĺ󲱾ϣֱӽ˹ȥ
֮䣬ҼĴĽ꣬һɢɫâĳԾȻɫĹâת֮䣬һķĸڽ֮ϣ˵һɨǧͺɨ˳ȥ
Ĳ˵콣ĵһʽõ¯࣬һɨȥΧĞųݣɳʯһ㣬һĽӽ֮籡ֱǰŹߵļһɨ˹ȥ
ǼһԭҪ˹һƾնһѽǴһûϵǽϻн籡ʱŵķ׷Զ
ЩѡΪŹءļһһֶζǲҪȺүﲻ֪ҪٸΡ
ԣһ籡ͬʱǱ㳯ȥվ˺ճ¸Ǵʧɫæϳһѳҵǵ˹
ճеǰѳҲһ˲õķ֮䣬ըһ죬Ȼǵײһ𣬷һ޴ĺ
ˣճҲҼǵһ˳ȥڵϹ˺üȦվɫ䡣
ĵ˱ұƿЩŹߵļһҵ˻ᣬһϣҪӱ͵Ϯҡ
ʱ򣬾ʵһĻˣȻ䣬һƿյҶߴ˹
һûиʲôۡһ죬תͷʱ򣬷һĹߵԴֱӾը˿Խӷɽһء
ʹֶεĿ϶ǻУΪǹԴĶĿҷϽ𲧡
üһ⻨ֱһݣһͽ˵Դһϡ飬ôǺô
ȾƳ⣬ɱˡ
ƽʱһ޺ɵӣֱһݡ
ЩԭҪӱɱҵˣһͬôңʱͣ˽Ų԰һλ̧ͷܾĿȥҪҳоںδ
еϽ𲧻ɱһ֮󣬲û뿪ҵͷ֮ϣ貣һССġϽ𲧵֣˵Ļֺɱ֮Եޱء
ȻЩ˵ʱðֶΣȴģЩʱһл㾦һ˻ɱ˹ȥ
Ľ֮籡һɫĹ㣬һ˴˹ȥǹ߷ӦǺܿ죬æӵȥȴ֪⻭㾦֮һпɽʯƲɵɫĹһ¾ͻǹеĴ󵶣˲룬Ȼͷضǹߵؿ֮һȭͷСĿһ͸ġ
ǹ߻һӵϵĶӱֱͦͦĵ˵ϣ˲
һŹʮӢĺֶЩ֪жٵˣʱЩ
ճĸŭģŪһ˵


859 ʮӢ
ճ´ĹʮӢʦһ־뽫ס㡣
Ȼȫ֪ڰİֵж٣жôǿʵ
ճһ֮ʣʮһŹߵļһͬճ£һʮˣһеֱӳҳ˹
һûжһֱͷϣͣתϽ𲧣˲˺üһ֮ͳһȺײ˹ȥ
еϽǷϸֵССġ֣֪һʥЩŹߵļһﲻӲֱƹϽ𲧵ĹΧٴγ߳˹
ȻڴʱһĻٴηˣЩڱҵʱ򣬵ϵĻĲͻȻһ²סǵĽŲӣһȫβˡ
Щ߶ʱŵĹǺͷʱЩĲݻڲϵһǻһ㣬˳ŴһֱӶ
϶ѦСڶǻľľ֮סЩߡ
һ֮䣬ЩŹߵļһʱͷӦ˹æеĿնЩԼϵĻĲݡ
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ҩ֮ճʼЩˣһ˫۾С飬ӳԵɶ
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Ҳ˵ɢĶҲܹԼѬ
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СģҺͻͬʱ˵ѦСߣ˴Ĵָ˵֣ţȣ
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³Ϊ³ռҵһ֮й֮ƾҺѦСԼˣƲ϶Ķ֣˵ʵĲôֲĶ֣Ū˶


862 ܶҶ
ҳһ˼еϵкѦСĿ⿴ңȴһľϣ˶ҹͬǣû˵ҶΪҵıƶǾ׼һеĴ㣬Ϊ˸Ĵۡ
ұв٣ǾΪ飬ҵλֵܸһɥĻԸ
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863 ˲ת
һﶼ֪³ռҵļ³Ҫ飬ĪıЩѦСߺͻе˵ͷٵʧС֮С
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ҷ֣˵һԼһۣǾȻһŻڵѪͷͷĲӴĶѴڲ룬ԴǱ˿ģǱ˸ĽԴקһ㡣
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ҿһ۵ϵͷ˵үֹݵİԼ˵ɱɱһ涼ûС
ռҵһѣˣҷҧˣǻ


864 ѪС
³ɲ⣬ҲԳƵĺҶĵһӡ
վҵǰ޶˵ĽȻڱֵʮƽ֪һ쳣ŭģɢǹɿֲĞųΧƣܣȻ޶˵γһССߣҵϣ޶һɶ񺮳
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ҿүĶӵǱˣŸʬɡ˵գɫһҪµĲӣ³üͷһˣͶһص³ֶ桭
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˵³ͻȻҹһЦЦݣҶʱЩˣϼһЦʲôأ
Һ֪ܿ˴𰸣Ȼ䣬Ҹо׵λͻȻһ˿ʹǱʲôҧһڡ
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ҵӻΣվȣֻתһԴԵ˵ϡ
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865 ⰵ
СʲôʱߵģҸһоûУҪСߵĸͷҲ̫СһЩûСĴָһϸȴͨѪ죬һǾ綾ޱȡ
Ͻһһգ³ޱȡ
һʼûдʲôףΨһĿľҪɱЩ³ռҵС֮
ӿɲǣûз֣һֱվߵȣҲûзСߵĳ֣ҵ˵ϣȲ֪˰㣬һѲסңʱ㾪ʵСŸ硭ôˡ
ʱң߶Ѿɢǧֻʳһ㣬۵Ҹ˵
ҷ֣¶ļѾһƬѪ죬ȫ
ÿֲĶ
ҵ˵ϣ³ûһĶղҧһڵѪ춾ߣЦ˵Сӣ֪Ϸⶾʲô·𣿡
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һʼ߶֮еҪǶҺƳ
ƺµҵ뷨³Цҡҡͷ˵ûõģѪҧˣ޷ԽŬĶؾͻɢĸһЩŵĻԡ
϶ĻȻʵҲˣղһ£оһƬޣʹƺĸǿһЩ
˿̵ңڵϣҲļоһʱҪɢӡ
ŴүѪ˵԰ٶֵģ³ĳѪƺǰֶ֮ľ綾޽⣬ĿزܵӦ޷סڵĶصġ
ҸоԼѾܴԵ֧ˣۣȫ¶ֵģǹ˵һ㡣
СŸ硭СŸ硭ѡ˯ŻˣһֱңҾԼƤԽԽˡ
С£ɡһؼҡ³֡
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˵ţеĴ󵶱㳯Ͽ˹ƺ֪Ⱦҵߡ
ȼҲѣҪҶ֣Ͱ಻סˣ˵۸СŸ磬Ҫɱǡ
˵գһ֣һɺɷֶ´˹ȥ
С£Сģ߻һС³ôߵΪֲܷߵȣȻһɺɷ´ȥʱ³˲ƶӵǰһ̧֣һŷȻǵɺɷ˹ȥ
ǵɺɷһײŷ棬ѿһһâһ֮䣬³Ѿµ˵ʮ׿ĵط
ʱˣҵزۿҪɥȪʱȵͻȻһ쳣ֲϢʱųңΧһ磬Ūֻ졣
ұ;û䣬ϵĞųһչ¶ҸоԼǽһ̹ǡ
³ƵһߣվǰȣٺЦСͦ˼ŹϢкܴռ䣬ϷΪãȻ
˵ţ³ǰ˼۾Щ̰Ĵȡ
ʱȣƲǱһֲֿģһ˫۾ȫ˰ɫʣ˫Ŀ֮ʺѪҺ˫΢΢ſʼƳһŨɺɷŵǣһʱ䣬˷ʼƮƮĹӰһŭ֮£ƾɢĹϢԲ֮ڵĹ»Ұȫٻ˹һĹХصɽҰ֮С
ǣ³Ū㶯ûκεľţЦ˵Сѡ
˵У³һ֣׳˼Żֽ¶ȥǼŻֽһʱµΧɢŵĽ⣬סµӣһٻЩ»Ұ㲻ҽܹڳרŶԸȡ
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866 һ
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ӿɲǣ³ȻҲһһʵʵϢչ¶ɺɫɷ³һ֮˵ӰȥƮ޴׽
һ̣³ζˣżһ㣬˫ץ΢΢һΣ㳯ץ˹֮Щոմ֮İɫǼܣҲûôȫѿɢһأ˿̣³ֻ֮вϱŸ־ȡ
СȻȻиָ㣬СѾͷϷˣ
³һĶʱٴαļ
ĴڣǿԨԴϻ꣬ŹϢȻǱ˰ķéɽڵҢԴȺɵ壬ǸһСǰ;
ؼһĹﲢû˼άֻܹɱˣȵʶûбԹڸǣŸǰһʶĴڣҲҲ
Щ³ȤȲҪ뽫СС
ȻСȵ־磬Ҳܹģ³ߣ־͵һͣܺХĸһ˲ĹȫΧ£³ΧԺģǱ߿һۣʮиͬĹﳯ³ȥУȻбǸոɱûõĹʮӢͺү˵塣
ЩȫȲٿأ³ҵĽ
³ҲЩͣ˽ŲȻһŽڱޣ֮Ϻƣ㳯Щ˹ȥ
ǾŽڱҲһ˲÷һЩϣеһЩĶʱɢЩеģӰҲһΣʮĹжʮ壬ǾŽڱ޴Ļɢ
³ռҵļݺ³صֶۣΣС
Ȼͷһڵϵң涵ϾȻҲһЩ֮ɫͻȻƮɺɷŨһЩٵĻֱֻۣһɺɷͳ³˹ȥ
ϵɺɷһһܿɥʧ֮
³Ȼ֪ɺɷӲӣֻƾسɴŷβϵĸı䷽λңȥȵһǼǵɱУ˦ȥɺɷ˵ϵĲݴ֮ϣõϵĲݴ˲ήһƬ˵ϣǺ֪
³ǱͻȻǿ˺öֲ֪࣬һ㿴ǿ֮
һֱȵһӣŮһչˣ֪ʱСѾͷȻҲܹչˣһܹһ档
³ĽɫҲܹôʱ䡣
Ȼ䣬ַһ飬Ѿ˯оʱҪȥĸоһĵֱҧʹƺǼ࣬ҲĻָ֪
϶үŴİٶֵʵԵʣڿʼĿʼнⶾˡ
ٶȥҲҪһĹڵĶزȫɢ
Ȼȸֲôá
һʼʱȿ޼ɵĽеĴжʩչ³γһвȻȴܹƵĳ³ûнȷӦһԵöô磬ѾȵԼвͣèϷһ㡣
Ȼûдﵽľ磬˿̵ǹĻ³ſˡ
оϵʹһЩʱǿŶõ֮ееһ壬ȴǲУ߶̫ˡ
Ȼڴʱ³ЩĹ»Ұֱ˹ȥ
СѾͷ飬֪һ潻֣һΣƮɵ˰֮Уϳ˦һɺɷ
һŪ³ЩǱβͣı任λһ޷ʩչֲһܹƯڰ֮С
оһȭ޻ϣЩΡ
³ĿܿתƵҵϣʱ΢ԵЩԾǾұ涾ĳѪҧһڣȻܻţѾ漣˰ɡ
֮³㲻ȥͷƮŵȣһΣ˹
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˲³ͼ޷סȣȵˣһҿסȱȻֽţҡ
ұȹֻ³̫ˣ缲磬գۼĹ͵ҵǰһֻ־ͳҵĲץ˹
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һɺɷǰ֮ס³ΣȽҲӰ֮ƮȻ£ҵǰ
ʱ³һ˿ЦݣȻļƵóˣʱתìͷһֳץ˹ȥ
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һĻ絶ʣƫƫϵ߶δ壬Ӷһ¶鷳ﲻʲô
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ڿо׽˼£о΢ЩɬζǺܺãǹڵĸһȥ
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ҵ֪ˣϵ𽥵Ļָһϲ
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һƬâȰʱ˵ȣʮηⶫ˫Դʹİ֮
СѾͷϷɣϷÿ춼ɴ壬ɹ֮塭
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ڵϵĶʦֻЩ£˻Դȫ֪ʲô顣
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ϽٶȺܿ죬³תźݺݵ˹ȥ
ۿȾҪǷ֮У³òͣеľŽڱޣϽ𲧴˹ȥ
Ƭ̵ĹڵһΣֱӻһɺɷƮ˹кûдֱǬ˱֮С
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Ȼһ۾ϳ˶ʦ֣ҵݿ϶Ҳ¶ˣ³ռˡ
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ҪɱȥʱһϤ֣ҡ
һͷȥǻУһģԵʮƣҵߣЩȻʧɫϽ𲧡
Сšɫ̫ãôǣйе
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ܲˣϵ߶ûɾڲ̫ҵ˶³յĺܣʲôûʳˣȻûǻųȥЩ˵
Ҳݣզ죿Ҳˡ
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СڲЩأеǰѻľʱܹƵסЩˣҲֲ˶ˣҹ˵ҪЩߵġЩż˵
УܶСߣܹҲ·һǸ³ƴˣſ£ǻһ·Ҿ˵
Ҹ˵ִһٵĽŲҺͻлͷȥѦС߳߱˹Сһܣһߴ˵ˡˡӶסˣϽܰɡ
˵ͬʱѦС߻ϻеĻľϵĻĲݶʱһ賤ס׷
ҴɨһۣѦСߵжʮӰƮתŲ֮䣬һ㶼Ϊĺ֡
ͬʱܵҲŲ
ţƬӶ³ˣô֣Ǳ˽ӡ
³ռҲǰ
ںѾˡ
鵽ֵزѾ᧿Σˡ
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Ŀǰ֪к«ʲôҩѡ
ѦСߺܿ͵ҵߣ˵ֱӾͽұ׷ŻеĽŲȥ
ѦСһ߱ܣһզˣҽղŵָѦС˵һ飬ѦС˾ҲݣȫǶ³ķߺޡ
ϼһֱǸϺ꣬յһ˷ָĵز
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ѦС߱˼ܿҾͿѾϽ𲧣ﻹŽħƣѾ³ʦָһ͵Ϯһʱ䣬ȴҲסϼһ
ܿ죬ѦС߾ͱսΧҷ˵ϣ˵Сţȥﻨʦһѡ
˵꣬˵ֱŻľͳ³˹ȥһһѰɫķĩ϶лɢ
ȻѦС߳ȥʱ򣬻кѦСС˵ЩʲôܿѦСʦһӭս³
һ̣ͻȻнеϽһ׵˰֮У˵ϣһָָֻ죬һָָֻŵ棬һׯϵӣ˷𾭣Ը̣һʮԸݽų֮紵룬ʪͭǮƣ޵֮޷෨޷ʱ
ŻеĳоĞųѣһɻֺǿķʱԻΪģܿٵ˹ȥ
ȻͷϵǸϽͻȻâɣһ͸ͻȻεض𣬳ϽǱ߻
˻ֺһĻͻȻһҪĤݵĳ嶯ڵϵĻУʱһŵĽһ㡣


869 ɷ
ӷ𡭡·ǡţҾʲô
СӸʲôã
ڵϣһҪɷģ޷Գ֣ⳡ棬ֱ̫ţˡ
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Żоһʼֻһ˵Ƭֻ֮ǧһҶ߳оֺǧһ˵ķҴȱ֮Ұ
ҵˣﶼܵǰδеϴӣ˷պǳһг޺ʹ࣬ȫĵͶ뵽һ֮ľ֮С
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ЩɷΧһ޴ԲȦҺͻУѦСԼ³Уʦڡ
Щɷˮһ㵴ܣдССġڵɷ֣֮龰һ顣
еֶΣշ֮ͬֻҪټʮ
ŪҲֻܻסһˣŪһԲʮ׵ĴԲȦǺü˶С
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ֲûиղŸ˵Ҫ³ƴˣһ³ôˣôƴǳԿأڿƺת
û뵽оȻܸһгֱſը졣
ĻУ֪ϻʲôûʹǻ̫ľϲ
Щڵɷ֮³ˣвЩϲƾٴͣʼɱҲǰ״
³ǧƣҲûƵôؼһ㡣
Ū㶯ʱͬڵɷ֮е³ҲԵЩңѦСߺͶʦֵľǵɷ֮ϻ˼ƣҪƻάֵķ
Ȼ³ֶʮǼҲʮְԵǵɷ棬Ҳֻ΢΢ĵһ˿ɷ
޷˷³ʱŭʼѦС߷ҵĽ
ѦСܹôã̫ˣҪŶʦɱѦС߹Ҫ³ɱ˺üˡ
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³ҲеһЩߣоҪͨеϽ𲧣һܱյĿռȻƾǼ˵£Ƹ۵Ĵ㣬Ŀǰõİ취ǽһһնɱ˻ŪĽռ䡣
ֻǣܻỤ̄ҲǺǲĿǰֵܹģҲֻѦСߺͶʦ֣ڵ඾δ壬ʱ֣ܳҪάϽŪĵɷĿǰҲ޷֣ƾѦСߺͶʦ֣Ҳֲ˶á
Ƭ֮󣬵ȵɷȫȹ֮󣬻ͻȻ۾߿˹Щѵ˵СţǱˣֲ̫ⷨʱ䣬СʱпܱͻƣЩȥǣ
еɫԵʮʹ࣬ǵɷ֮ĸ֣ʹֶΣȫɷάϵϣռҡҡ׹ʱҪΣա
ҲżĲУֻüӽʱȥõ֮еһһĳˢҵ壬ָǿ״̬
ۿѦС߾ͿҪŲȥʱ򣬻ǱͻȻڵϣһѽϵ·ٴ¶һ˶⣬¶ŭĿյһؿڣĬ˼ھϵͻȻһһŭĿմԾȻһѽ䵶ֱӼսţѦСߺͶʦһ𣬹ͬԸ³
һȴǸѦСǱ߼˲ѹ
ȻЩģһǱҪǿԼһҪ˷磬ֻмоϵ߶ĸһЩ
ʱһһţÿһӶǰֱӱ۾ȫĵͶ뵽˽ⶾ֮УΧһʧˡ
ڵĶرһһĻһۿžҪƳʱȴܾĲôһҹϵһؿڣʱúͷһһںѪ˳


870 ֵ
³ѪߵĶ̫ˣŰٶֵʣһЩǧ֥ҲܺܿĻڵ߶ԿƿֲʵǵȲˣֱһؿڣ߶ǿбƳ⡣
һڶѪ˳پͨ泩ҵľҲһˣۿСûˣĻ˵Щ
ǿڴ³ĺѪһڵϣʱðһӰ̣ϵĻĲ˲ήɢһӴ̱ǵζ֮ңɼһߡ
һ̣ӵվٵĻһܵ
ɹŰڵϣϻźɫȥʮֻӿЩҡҡ׹ΧЩɷ³ЩƴĽ֮£ƺ࣬ΧֵЩССġʮͷתŵϽ𲧣ٶҲ˺ܶࡣ
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³ռܹ³أҲû̵ģ³Ϊǿıϡ
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ǲɵ³ǿ϶޷߳ȥġ
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Сүˣ
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һ̣ҽŲһ棬һݲͼս֮УͷϵͭǮҵĽŲٵƶգۼĹұѦСߵߡ
ţͷϵͭǮˡһ춯ʱֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮȻͭǮ˲ֽϰٵͭǮȻ֮£³кȥ
³ʱʧɫżһ棬æ˼Ǻܿ˲ˣΪǻĵɷ
֮䣬³ӦԵİ취һ䣬ȵƬҶɻ÷亮
һ䣬³Ŀ֮ͻȻɳһƬۺɫ÷꣬ҴЩͭǮƮȻȥ÷䵱зɳʱ򣬿˲һƬȻײһ𣬷ˡžž죬ڿը죬ʱѾѦС˼
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һ֣սΪ֮һ
ҺѦСԼʦָ³ʮҵľ˫ûٶ֣ͷϵ÷ƮĶɱ֮
СţǹԮˣһҹƾͱϰӸɱˣ̫ˡѦС˵
ʱҿѦСһۣȻˣмطƤѪֹ
ܿˣֵ֣ϰӡҳ˵
ƺҵļ룬ѦСֹصĵ˵ͷ
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õⱱͭǮҲұ־Եķ
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׿ڳݣ³üͷһɫ粻֪ʲôƬ֮󣬲ɻʵ³ռ֮ûʲôڣΪҪҵ鷳
ϻ˵ҽſˣ֪ΪʲôˣҶ˵һ֣һɫĳĳԾȻһ֮һɨǧͳ³ɨ˹ȥ
³ŭСΪڽСЩѧ˵èֶΣ͸ǵ³ռҵͷˣҽ첻Դժ
˵䣬³һӣЩڵϵ÷ʱ׷׾£һγһϣǰ


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ҽŲǰ콣֮еĻ㾦һΣֱӴӽ籡һɫĹ㣬³ؿڡ
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˶ϼһջ߶ѦС߱˺ۣʦҲδ⣬Ҳһˡ
Ψһһû˵ĻУҲѾҪٽ㣬ۿҲ޷֧ȥˡ
ҴӳеӲӣҪȫԸһǿ֡
ֶһͬ³˹ȥ³ɫһЩվԭأһֻһ˺üֵ־ֶϣͻȻƾʧȥ
Ҳسɴ磡
ΪЩֶΣܹ³£ؼʱ̣ϼһﾹȻֹʼʩ˲ת˷λҵһл㾦ʹ˻ĵɷ֮ϣʦ³ԪҲײ棬š䡱һ죬ǵɷ߽ˣվڵɷΧļ³£ܲɷ֮׷ױ𵯷˳ȥ
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³ķӦܿ죬쳣æһ˹ȥ㿪ŭĿһ
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³Ȳˣж㣬ѦСߺǽշʱס³ߵѹԼæұеĽꡣ
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Ҵһ˷ͬʱһ޴ĺĴɽųһЩ֫ϱ۵˵ϡ
Ըڶ࣬˷е˵ʱ콣ĵڶʽΪ֮ЧֶΡ
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ŵֹǰ֪ʲô
ȴǷӦʱ䣬éɽ壬΢΢ζ˼£һ죬ոձɱļ˵Уľʬӵϵ𣬳ͷָףȫ˽ʬֱӳ˹
Ҵľ߽ʬһͬɱ³Ҫ³Ȧʱ򣬼еһٽ£ѾһˣȻܵƣǼˣټľ߽ʬҾͲŸɲ


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лɢԸһСɫУ³ȴѣҪĻлɢĶʱ˿̵³ǳ׵ķ˵ֿ
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һʮĺӣһ׶
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˭֪³ŴţͻȻͶˡ
ϸһ룬ҲĥһŵǼ³֮ƴѾ˰ȻĽ׶Σ´Ҳǲݵľ档
˫ֻƴˡ
³ȱǸˣͬʱԸˣӶʦֺǸŭĿգ˵Ūľ߽ʬ
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ŪЩõĽҲǲʤɱһǧ˰٣ֽô㣬³ǿġ
Щ֮Ув֮ˡ
Ǹ³ռ֮ҲûʲôޣŪţһʼҾ˵ˣǴЩ飬ûҪɱ˵˼
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潫ǸƼˣ˭ô࣬ǼɱۣͶ³ɱġ
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ϻҾһһ֣ͽиסˡ
ǣҽķ˵ϣеôܳŵס𣿡
һ³һѪĭӣųҺٺһЦ˵ѽΪǶءҿǽ̵ʹ˳ٴȥǶ϶ˡ
绨˵ǽˮƽӵ˼ޣ̾ΪֹĻеļѦС߹ˣߵڵϵ³ߣ˵үֶΰǸ缸Ū


873 ƿ
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ˣϣһЩϵ棬³ռ³أ֮ͷʢμзҲ޲ڵ
Ȼ˵ЩǷҲûҪ˼Ƿĵ׵ľ壬콭߲٣ܹ쵽³˲ܹ࣬ߵݣչټһݼҵֵ»ôָΪһˡ
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ҵ˵ͷȻ³ȣղŻýħƽСֱӸˣһֱѪֹ³Ҳӣ߶ûһ
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ЦһٺЦүǲϣɵ˰ɣҶǴˣα˶£
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Ƽӿţʲôʹ˳ҾͲ˵
Ȼ˵֮³ɫ䣬Щŭ˵ҡ


874 ֪֪
ֱ³ĶãʼձһָĪЦݣȻŵүһҵɣȻ뽭û꣬ȴҲʶٴ棬ռҵ󣬿һصȸϴռҵֶκʬֺʬȻЩҲǵˣλֱӱҸɱˣЩ´඼ЩϷ¶ĺݽɫһȫǼùģͷָźɫͨأɱǣҺΣ
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˵ŵ³ɫ˲䣬žҵƬ֮󣬲ԥ˵ǹ治ȥԸХģ
ҵ˵ͷޱɫ˵үһܷģռԩг𣬸Ǽү涼ûмô鷳еõģֻ³ֶľλöѣү϶Ҳ֪һص֮䷢һЩܲ飬һǰһɱ³зֶĶٶˣüҲҸˣү֪Ϊ𣿡
³ɫʼһ³зֶ飬ڵɱɣΪһ뵽һص³зֶ棬ԺоͻḡֳµһĻǻŭɱǸ޷εġ
ΪΡ³΢΢Щʵ
ҴǱ˵һĻ龰лعĿ⿴³ҧݵ˵Ϊһص°ҵŮˣһ£ˤķǣֻҪ鵱еˣһ˶Źĺǣ׷ҲҪЩ˾ĸˡ
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ҵ黹Щ˽ģϾʱǼֵĺܴ
Ǳɱˣ³зֶʹΆ³ֶĶʵҵ˱˵Ӧ÷˰ɣ
ԭˡ³΢΢ף˼˵
֮˵ҪĿĻǸ³ʾҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ȼҵ㣬ѾҲűǺǵĽɫұƼˣСүôײϣҹʲô³ռһһصֻҪңǶ·һŵ
³ɫ粻磬ٴ˵ү˵ôˣ͸͸ף³ֶ澿ģҵõϢߣ鷳
³̾Ϣһ˵˵һصҲǺǵģһҽϢ͸©ˣһһصͷռҵ鷳ֵΣ
ģҴһȥǽ³ֶɨƽģԲк֮ǣߣҲܳ¶֪֪֪֪Բ͸©Ϣֵ
³һ㶣Щŵ˵Сӣ⻰˵δ̫һЩ³ֶƣƾܹһص³ֶˣ
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ҼҸү³ɫֱӾˣŵĻһֻҪһĽˣ඼Ҹүĵǿǵ֮µһ֡
˼ֻҪ֣ССһ³ֶ棬ֱͲһᡣ
ҸүүҲȫŻ³ģ׶Աģ꣬㶯СүԣҸүһ˻³ռܹܵ˵ģ
ҲֻŻŻҸүڻȪ·ˣ֪Ҫ೤ʱܳأĿǰǳġ
飬³֪
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ȻҸүүĺúõģҪȻһֶǸ˭ѧأҸүϽһı¶ڸңҲ˼ҵͷǡ
˵ҼҸү飬³̬ȶʱת˲٣˵ֲСô飬ʲô˶ҵԭһֱڰ


875 С
ӣͻȻЩ˼ţƤԽԽˣŪ󶼲β
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ԴҽҼҸүү֮³̬Щһˣº࣬ҲҶҺüۣϾүӵǰţʵµһ֣мӸҵһλ¸صĴ
ңʱҰڵ̬ϴӲʩ³ڼѹ֮£ڶҲ̡
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ȻһѧޣѹȺۣ汾µˣȻһǣϷ⡭
һо͸δһ㣬ʵҾ³˿ﲻ֪Ҷٱء
Ҹɿһ£ܿ콫̸ת⣬˵үǲǸý³ֶλøһأ
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ڣ³һ֮󣬽ű³ֶľλҵ֪һЩϷȴûȥҲ֪һصа̣Щǲģ˭˭ԣ̫飬Ҳ̫ϣСܹһ¡
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˵һԵѦСߺͻҲɴ۾һ㣬ޱȡ
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һֱĬĻжʱ³ע⣬ŻǱһۣ˵λʦϻ۹ˣղŵֶҲϷ۽磬֪ʦɽɲУʦλʦ
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иţȣЩţɶܹҸү
Ҿüʦ̨ɽĻ۾ɣΪ϶ҲҸү۾Ӧûɡ


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⻰˵³һ죬״˴ݵ˼
Ҫ˵³˿޵ˣĪڻˣСϽ𲧹һɷϣȫ֮⣬͵ϮһѣСȶӶˡ
Ҫǻиһ֣³Բ׵Ͷп³ֵΧ֮ȫˡ
ļһ᲻֪ԼڵĴһû³ʲôɫ
һʱЩΡ
ҺǺһЦȻֱ⣬ʵϣܹҵ³ֶ湵ͨԱһа취ɣ
³˵ͷÿɷ˵ҼȷʵϷһϵķʽֻ͢˲ĽѯǼ䣬ҲҸϵ
ǼҶүҲصĸ߹ôЩʵ
Ȼ˵Ҳ߸ʽǣϾɱŵˣҲڳ͢ıµģһֱúܽĳòСĲǡ³˵
ҵ˵ͷʾ˵
³ߵʱ򣬸˵̨һɽСһŵ˼ңǼҵ˽źأиȺãϲȥΣԵش˶ΪΣʱҲ棬һܻȥôΣºŽεļһڴЩ˸ΪĲʲôˣҲûʲôѡ˲򵥣³ֶԱÿγҲרΪ˲㣬Ǹ³ֶṩһĲӴһЩϢ˹ȥȻ³ֶԱֻôһˣĵطУϷ㲻֪ˣҪȥ³ֶ棬ҵŽεļһǹȥҪǵֶˡ
һ˵һϲһ֣˵ǾͶлˣҪǿ¾Ұ꣬Ҳһҵ³ֶİ취
³ɫһ΢΢ҡͷ˵ллҲ˵һǵ˵ǰͷȥ³ֶ棬³ռҵȥеһص³ռҿɲ鷳ϣһ㣬ܹġ
ȻһصĹϸȻǣүϣܷġҿ
³˵ͷƺʲôֵСǶֵʱòҪģŪ̫̣ɽֻһ³ֶߣʱŪߣϷɲ𶵵ס
ٴεͷʾ˸л³ֵʮϣòж˼ֲ¼ɣ᲻ʲôè壬³Ϻ˵ᰵиһЩֶΣֱӽǼ˸ˣ
һжδ֪һǲòСĽС
³Ҫ뿪ҿѦСߺͻһۣҲ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ⳡģȻʤˡ
죬ƺ˵Щʲôջû˵ڡ
ܲ³е˼ȻҲǲ̫³ˡ
мƽϣѦС߽ЩΧûɢȥռҵȫк˹
УҲ³Ķڡ
СӴ˿̿ЩѦСкҩ֮˶ΣɫһƬҰףǲ߶һȻһкǧ˸̧ţ˹
̧ҲһɫһɵĻӣǳζֱˡ
ӭʮ
µһӵӰɡ
±̧ߵߵʱǼסס˱ӡ
ڵϵ³һۣ˵СѣȻߵѾ׵ǲҶϵĶԽˣ
Ȼ
ҿӦһߵѦСߣнӹ˽ҩµߣСӱңȻûʲôɫݺݵĵһۣһתͷȥ
մ磬ղŶԲסˣеǽҩϽˣ·ҿ˵
һнҩҲٸҽ֣תʱߵһӴнӹ˽ҩµæһȥԼĪʮ룬˻һڿԻˡ
ָѦСʹһɫѦСǰһѰɫҩۣ»ûü£ֱһ˹ȥ
ⷬΧЩ˶ʱ׷װγϵıУҪ֡
³ҲǴһЩŭ˵ΪΣϷѾ֪鶼ˣ㵽׻


877 ˯
ɨһΧЩ³£Ȼߵ³ߣɿͿ˵үҲϽˣ߽ҪһСĽһҶö࣬Ҳûнôֻ֮й¶ȥŪ˭϶ÿԸһҩһܷģ֮϶ѹƵʱѾˡ
³Ͽ϶ÿЩŭ˵ղҶ˵ˣǿ϶й¶ȥģϾ³ռҲǴΪ飬ҲԼ鷳㲻Щ𣿡
Сʻ괬үൣЩС߽СĽһЩУأҹƻίһүһ㣬˯ϼ졭ƤЦⲻЦ˵
㲻Ҫ̫ˣ³۾ʱɵԲȻǻˡ
үңԼ£Щ˿±³зֶǶٶٶɣһһܣ˵
³ĻݺݵĶңܹɱ˵Ļҵ˼ٴˡ
ô£ǼСסѾܶˣٱҩ˯죬Ƕ˿ɾͶˡ
϶Эġ
ҵ֮¡
࣬ҲǺ۸ģϻһɱħڻţǿɱ׼һһصҲ֮ɫ䣬ٶҶɱЩҲɵؼ³ѾѦСߵлɢûκεֿ֮һٶֵĻһĿ϶
֮³Э˵£ܹ㵨ʶıԵˣͷһ˰ˣȻϷֻˡ
лү佱ʵҵڶ֮ǰϣүܹЩ½һһǶֿûִ磬˶ɱˣǾ̫Բүˡ
˵³ƿѪˣҲǺް취һΧһ£˵ˣһ뿪˭Ҳ֣ܶǲͱĳĺ
ҡǡһǰݺݵĵ˵
ˣ˵ˣѵҵĻǶ𣿡
³һ֮һϣЩԭҪԾԾԵˣ׷׵ͷ˵ˡ
ҸѦСʹһɫѦСߺܿǰȥһҩۣЦү¾͵ˡ
³һѦСߣһԴתһߡ
ѦСҲֻǵ˵ǰүһҩƵģǼҵ֮⣬ܽ⣬ЩӵҽǿнⶾĻЧʵ䷴һΪһغҪûŶ
ѦСǼӣ³ҪѪˣ۾һɣæԼһһ˱ȥ
ѦСһ֣һӰɫҩ۾³Դϣ³ӻΣһͷԵ˹ȥһ³ȥ
ߵ飬ұкѦСߺͻУ³һ»ע֮£ҡڵ뿪
һϿνǾĶǣ˴Сֳʱ춼Ѿˡ
һûа׷ѹ򣬴³Ŀеõȥһص³ֶ䡣
ֻǿϧǣҵձ¶³ǽﵽˣ߽Ҫı棬һϣûɱ¶žžĴˣ³Ȼɺҡ
Ҹүүҳϲɱң϶ֽţӹɵġ
һ鷳ȴҲȲѡ
뿪С֮ڵؽһСùݵһ¡
ϵһսǸԶˣѦС˺ۣƤˣصĪڻˣһΪ֧ǿĵɷ;ƿݣս
ΪҲŻģģҲû˿ģֱӽǬ˱зŵǧ֥˳һ飬ݸ˻Уз¡
ǺöѦС߿ϴһ飬ҲǿۣȻȴûʲôⶫǸ˳ԵģȻȴûлеء
ΪСҲҪںЩ֮
гǧ֥֮󣬺ܿ죬ǧ֥
ҺѦС߸Լһϵƣһ£ҲûʲôˣһĴ㣬ֱ̨ǸɽСط


878 
סСùݵʱҲ糿ӣǸʰһϴСС˴֮󣬱ȥһСʱĹ⾰ʣµһʱ䣬ǸԵϢȡԼָѵ״̬ȻǰǸС塣
һֱʮң˸ѹÿ˵ɫࡣ
ΪĵĻǻϵƣѯһЦе˵ǧ֥濰鵤ҩԻָ˵ЧʮãѾָ˴룬ðɻָ
˵ҺѦС߶ʮָˡ
ϵ߶Ѿˣһ֢ûУò˵³ĳѪ߾綾ޱȣֶǧ֥ѦСҲΪͷۡ
ϣΪֹ³ɱңСҲͱ϶ˣԣ³ʱҪȾΪУûж֣ȻЩˣҲЩţڲû˵꣬Ҳûʲô̫ʧ
ʦ־͸˵ˣƤļһֻǰ˼ӶѣǬ˱֮м˯жвѡ
ʱȣֻʱ䣬Ҫ֮ڣ³ֶɱһأĲ˵ʼٸΆҪһҪô֪ҸĹϵģ߽ͼıһҲҲʺյģⲻҵķ
ѦС߲ûƭ³µҩȴֻܼ죬һҩЧʧȥãʱûд³ֶ³϶Ҫֽˡ
ѦСµҩЩģҩѦҵˣҪȻ˿ɽ⡣
ʱִܲ٣ǰֲҵ顣
ļƻǽϾҪִһص³ֶ档
֮СùݸСӴҴҵĳһЩƱֱ̨
ֵһ˵ǣǳС֮оЩĿһֱ͵͵ǣЩˣǿ϶˵Ȼ³Ǳߵˡ
ǰ׼ѦСߺͻз׷״ñӺīס棬ھֱתȦ˼̳תվ˦ЩǵˣϳֱȥĿĵء
ǵ̨ɽʱѾǰʱˣվһڳֱɱɽ塣
ĿĵصʱɫѾ
˳ǮѦСߺͻһȳԵ㶫ȥһźأҲŽεǸ³ֶߡ
ҳ֣ͷһС̣Ȼװµĸϰ̸
ϰһ긾Ůһ⣬ٶȱҵ֡
ҾʹǴûһźصˣһʼϰﻹͦ裬˸ɶҺ˸ѣ˵һѽܣ˵żˮģҹˮ
˵ϰﵱһۣ˵˵ǸźŽεǸ˰ɣ
ҹȣ˵֪źŽΣֻһѽܹˮġ
ϰһʱһɫ˵ϲˣҲĴ棬㣬ɹ֣ҪˮвͨȻϰͿʼĸҽǴļ˼ңˮֱǣλͣá
ϰϲ˵һ٣Ϊˣĸ۾Ź⡣
˵ξϷʤ䷳ȰòҪˡ
ϰⷬҶʱһŵĺߣܿϵϷһ£εжôʣǿζ治һء
ϰһͨ߶ʵܲˣó˼Ԫ߰ණ˳һμʲôط
Ǯϰü۶Ц˻Ÿ˵μҾסڴͷһС¥ſڰڷһЩľǼҡ
ҴǱϰ뿪С꣬ĶһԵǬ˱֮УҴһȥҵѦСߺͻлϡ
棬Ҽ򵥵˵һ˱ݣֱŴͷȥ
ʱղûã˺ܶ࣬ƿĵطֱȥ˴ͷ濴һС¥
С¥ſڶѻźܶһ˾Ͳǻӵģ˵һصǿа̿϶ǲȱǮģܻͨаŪǮάӴ֯
ԣο϶ҲȱǮ
ѦСߺͻһԵȺЩƣȴǬ˱ٻ˳С¥̽̽磬жڡ
ȵ˵ͷֱƮԺӵĹ⾰Ⱦͻˡ


879 ôģ
ȸңС¥ʵֻһˣ˿һ¥Ĵ￴أԺǹȸƽˣˣŵļβͲҳ
˵ͷкѦСߺͻУֱӷԺǽϢǼҵԺ
һԺҵһΣԺӵĶͷһֻǹʮͣɢĿֲϢŵļβֱ̱ͣ˵ϡ
֮⣬Ժӵмλһڲ治֪ʲô
ҲȥЩҴͷϢŸ濴һʮڿӣݵúǡ񡷣һϵӾˣ𾢶ﶺùЦŸһԲƵġ
ûǣ˿ſŵӣͻȻתͷſڿ˹͸ĿԣϵЦסˡ
ţЦݱ˷ŭҪ˵ֱӾ˽ȥЦ˵ãμ𣿡
ôôģ˲𻰣ֱӴɳһѿһ׶ҡ
ûأԼ߽İЦ˵
˿̣Ѿȫȷˣط϶εļңӡУӦǸʮҵУôǰ˿أ
֮һ¶϶μңΪǰվŵ˲ͨˣЩֶεߡ
ղҳ￴ʱ򣬲ûϵϢǸͨ˵Ļǿ϶ǶԷҪǸߣȴҲܹоҵϢԣע˵ʱоҵĴڣӦ֮
ʮ־裬ȷ˲ʶֱ֮ӻеĿҵԴϾֿǹݵģһҪҵ
һӣéɽԪȭ˼УСӻǸӲӣ֮Ҳܽ׵¡
ʱͻȻƮ˽һģһĨѪɷʱ壬һ׻һ㣬ľ͵ȥеĿҲ˵ϡ
³ѵǰ㣬Һһص³ֶߣԲֳ̫ĶˣһСһ鲻¶ȿٳֱ֣ӽסˡ
߸㶨С֮ѦСߺͻбһ˽
СϵɺɷڣͣһﲻĵطϾڴֳ˼ôʱѦССĸҵСţԺ
ʲôʡ
СγǼûɶ⡣ѦСЩС˷ܵ˵
Ὺɻ
ȻˣϴǴéɽʱ򣬲ҿôѦСظ˵
һѦСǴνɻΣұЩ£Ҳƽôˣֱӿ˵ϲֹΣͳȥʱ㿴Ժмһղúڲŵľǡ
С˳ѦС߷˳ӣֱʹԺӣſڵʱһ³ԶŸˣһȥӣ˽ԡ
һ˴ӣѦС߾Ϳɳ״̬üЩ˹ŵҺͻĶ
浣ûһصɱȴѦСֱӸŪһǲ
СߣѾôʱˣͲѧճľսıԹ
ǹľǣû⡭ѦСһ·ɳۣ⳵·ϲεĦѾˣһ³ҿŶۡ
ǳ˴壬ֱһû˵ĺߣһ޴ĽʯԱߣҽδӳ˳˵ϣóסֽţȽϵɷСѾûɶ֮ˡ
ָ֪֮ЩֶãȻĿһˣʵǡʲôˣ
ΣҲʵ
ҲǡܵŲҸɶſڱ
ȥǸ˰죬ץˣεĵܸܵ˹
أҳʵ
Ҹȥ¶ˣǵ˭ϽңҪȻҸǾˡв
Ҷ˵˦־͸һӣСֱ˵ϣСӣøʵ㣬ɶ˵ɶچģСҽ㶪ι㡣
һ֮СӶʱʵ࣬ȴɶݺݵĿҡ
һ飬羿ȥˣһΣֱһذףֱӶ˵Ĳϡ


880 ۵Ķ
ŲһҶϵذףֿ˿ңܵɢľȻɱǶݺݵ㵭ࡣ
ɱ˵˺ͨϵĞųȫһԼ֪ɱ˶ˣϵɱ͸ŨˣǰŲļһȫܹܵõҾһ˵ɱ˾͸ɱ˵
ҡҸ컹ûڵʱͳȥˣ˵ȥҲ֪ȥˡŲЩֵ̿˵
ҿѦСߺͻһۣ۹۱ǱǹģĬž͵ء
ɿһһУָѦС˵㿴ûУСӵϱ˯ˣι˵ģҪǲҵ磬ǾȥȽ˵
ȥүѦС߶ʱˣҪ㱻һסӣѦСߵӦ˹ĵһۣ㲻ᡣ
ȻŲƺˣʲôˣȴǲ˵磬治֪ҴȥˣҪȥҼҵţҴϿ϶ġ
ȣǿ϶ûʱ䣬Ҫżȥ³ֶء
ҵ£Ųһҳһֻ֮ݸŲʵĸĵ绰
ŲԥһҺݺݵĵһۣŰ˳
ұŲδ绰ģϸһ룬ֺ´ݾߣʮҪݵðһŲСΣգˣеļƻҪա
ǱŲݸηŹȥʲôط
ǿһŲ֮¼ֵ֮ݴȽޣõĶЩϵĺڻܶҲ̫
пЩʻһصڲõģɴˣҸȷһҿ϶ûҴˣر׽סŲȻҲһص³ֶˡ
һҲŷһ仰ȥ磬أ
仰֮ҵ˴ԼӣʼûпλŶΪСӲأȻֹһֻͻȻһ£ҴһǱ߻ػˣСզˣ
ҳƬֻ̣ص磬¶
ɶ¶ζŻصĺܿ졣
绰˵Ҫ˵黹ͦҪġֻص
ݣմQQһ椣û¶أСⲻôаɣɽݣ߲¶ˣڴһνŻص
˵˻ɫ죬ΣҸŮ
˵绰֮ѦСߺͻ˵һһֱǰɽݡ
Ųֱҩװ˺ѦС߿ֱӳɽȥ
Լ˲һСʱҵĹ⾰ǵĳӾͣɽݵſڡ
һ·ҺѦС־һĶǣѦС˷ܲѣҺ·ûпסСӣŪһ֤ʻʮµġ
ѦСߺͻڳȺҴֱȥɽݵĴ
Ƥߵңױ¶вصģ¶ҸӦ֣Ҳǵһˡ
׽鵹ͷһء
Ҳ֪һ䣬ߵǰ̨ѯһ
ǰ̨һʮСӣһʼʵʱСһ˵ڿ˵˽Ȩй¶
Һ˵˵˵źС׸磬СҲЦе˵С
֮£ұϢ˼ٿǮĵϣЦС磬Ҹм£æ
СһĳƱ۾ʱֱˣҿһ֮󣬱Сĸ˵402䡣
ҵлСֱݵ¥
402ſڵʱſƬ̣ʱһЩ̫̼ˡ
ΪһϴУҲѪţʹС
ʱûзʱҲʺ͵Ϯ
ſڶƬ̣ʹһɫǽҿš
ȳҵ˵ͷһɺɷֱӴŶ˴ԼʮĹŴһ΢ġžડ죬ҪŽȥȽžͳҵǰСЩ죬һЩŵ˵СŸ磬һͰû·ڴܣǰ۵Ķˡ
СѾͷ˵Ҷʱһŵĺߣ˵ôʮſţԭСѾͷڿϷء
¶Ҳ֪ôشֻʾҪţһƿţȻһ˽ȥ
߽һ˵һݵĺӺһٸڴֲĹ֮¡


881 ۸
ٶ˵龰СѾͷʵǲ˹ۿ
ҸʹһɫתԴٿ
ţһڴϷ˹ȥһֱߵߣǶûз̫Ͷ˰ɡ
Ƭ֮ǸЩŮ˷ңһļУ˫һкݺӣֵñӸס˽׵ӣǺݺӴʱתͷ߿˹
ȻʱѾǰһ߶еĽ꣬һµǼһؿڡ
𶯣ҪȻ㡣ҳ˵
ǺֺӾôһţҪһӵӰҲпܵġ
ģǺӾ˫֣ϵıʮ־־塣
Σʵ
Ǻݺ΢΢ͷӲӲһ˿ЦݣԡҡҾΡ
ȷ˴˱֮һҩŮϣŮ˹ȥ
Ȼұε·һˡ
ε˵ͷǺϣҽĿ֮£ߵ˴ͷʼ˹Ĵ·һߴ·һ߾ִٵ˵˵ǶҲ˯ôҲýҰɣǮ۶Ǻ
ȥˣһﻹҵ׽֮ˡ
û⻰ļ˵·ϻߣ
һߴ·һӦţĹ򣬾ʹ룬ڴҳȥʱͻȻһ֣һźͻȻΧͻȻһƬڡ
еĽǰһ̣ȴһգҾд򿪵
䷿ڱݵ¥һΪĺ˵¥ĸ߶ȥҲôţǴߡ
ͻȻڶĺͺΣյʱͷųĺһ㣬һŨζζ治š
ûҽв֮£ξȻеӷ
ߣҲǰ׵飬׼
Ǳ߸ոմ˴ηһҲݡ
Ȼ󣬱ͨһԵڵص
ĺƺ΢һԣѦС߸һ޹ǵĶܹһСߣȴ˴ԼаӵĹ⾰ڵĶɢȥҾͿڵϵΣȻһɺɫɷֹ
εߣվһ΢Цȣ߿
ҹȥȵԴȻȸεϣһȥҪСӸҹԹԵĳȥҲһ׵顣
Ϊ˰ȫһнһĺá
Ǹ˯һŮˣѾҩŪ˹ȥһܹ
˵ЩҵŮ˻мɫʱһۣȷʵϣҲ֪ôϵġ
ʱȸεϣεʶƵ̨ƿ塣
ԷǸֵĻȿ϶ƲסεΪҲһ㣬ȸȴҲ̫
ҲϸһۣСӳĺݣϵļⶼܽʵ͵һЩɹ֮Ĺ֣Ļͦôһ¶
ұϵȴҡڵֱ߳˱ݣѦСߺͻٴλغϡ
һ߹ѦС߱һ㶣Ϊɶûнθϣһſڣһ۵ͯһС壬ѦСһļƤȸϡ
øϵȸһ˺ţкѦСǰ档
һϳоӣתͷҼЦϵŮϵˮζղСӿ϶۸˰ɣ
һΣæղҡҿʲôûţֻʰСˡ
ղǸͰڴϴܣСŸԱ߿һŶֵġϵͻȻһ졣
ҶʱһҪ󶴵ĸоһȣ߳ŭȣ㲻ҪϹ˵￴ˣֻ߹ȥֶѡ
СţǴүǣǶ⣬;ΣȥĶѦСҲЦ
ƺҲϴˣһ˵ѦС߿ղȥǸߣȻι³ֶ顣
ѦСһţӿķ˸һСʱǱ㵽˸ղŲǸߵĽʯ
ͣ˳ӣǽδǽʯĺ棬ȴ
ȸոճλûȶһѦСһлɢͳͷ˹ȥһһεĵ˵ϡ


882 ڵ
лɢߵΪżĿãһմȾЩɫķĩΪᱻѹסͨˣҲɥʧ֮
ԭθܹ֮УҺڳ䲻⣬Ȱæʰûл̫ĹһСҲǹߵģæź¶һ˿ң䲻ıһˣ϶ŵ˲ήˣ֪ʱжôӰ
˿ֻ̣һҶ˵ϣʧȥ˷̧֮ͷЩãȻĿһվߵˣݺݵһĭȻ˵Ƕҽǵˡ֪Ҳԣ˴ɩλֻҪǲɱңжǮǣԺҲɩϵˡ
ţСӵҲ֪ǸɶģҲԣҲû
Цſ˵ȻߵĻʹһɫж˵ߵ˱ѦС߹вѾӵСԣ˺䣬εĵܵŲžεߣȻһ˵ϡ
αŵĲУ¿ܵҲǸŪ˹ʱһãȻӾ֣Ӷһ£æ˵˵缸һһ˵ҷµҵܵûκιϵôҵܵҲˡôҶУܶϵܡ
Ҹɿһɤӣ˵ΰ֮ˡ
һ㶣СӷӦǺܿ죬˵ԶԶԡᡭᡭ
ţô˵ɣҵЩŮˣʧ㸾ŮٸûκιϵҲǹץģ¡ҵЦ
ϵı齩һ£ָܿһ˿ЦݣȻ˵λ磬ô˵Ҿͷˣ˾ôһãǾǺɫȻǲΪңǶС¶λ羡ܿڣֻҪܰæģǿ϶岻ݴǣϵɽ»𺣶С
ѦСһЦǰֱӱΰòϵɽ»𺣣ֻǳ˺ͿԣأԺ·Ǻ죬Ҫͷ·С
϶ûɶⰡҲˣ˶ʮ㣬͸ҳ㷹һ֪λǴҪȥİҪҵ洬͵ɵСձɣʮֻ˵
Ҫȥһص³ֶ棬طӦúϤǰɣҲ̲סˣκٺЦ
һһص֣סٴζһ£ϵıԵޱأôһ˲䣬ҴεϿڵɱ
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ΣݼͦãȥݵӰϹˣǴ촰˵Ȼҵ㣬ǿ϶֪һص³ֶһЩ飬ҲãҲգأտ϶ϵģҪ㿪ڣеֶΣȵ˿֮˵˷ǵʱ䣬ھʹһأ˵УѾ꼤˳ߵ˻ԹȥŲߡ
ŲγмƣӦֵܣҾͲţںԼֵܵ
οһۣ΢΢ЩƱ˵λ磬ǲҴˣҾһִַסɽ壬ŵĻԵ˶ʶˣ˵ʲôһصʲôֶɶģҸû˵ǷǰɣҪǮСֻҪܹõĳ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһֵСǲʵұ֤ڵġ
⻰һ䣬ѦС߾;ӣΣЩ˷ܵ˵ʰ֤һʲô˵
𡭡
Һͻзֱ߹ȥסѦСߵĸ첲ʵǱλүˣǶʲôУ˳кҩһһɣȻЧ̫̭ˣӭ綼ܳʮҺͻʵˣôȾô
ɶСֵܣͱˣͽСžУ϶ʳЩεĺǺһЦĿ⡣
ǰСţˣġζ̫ˣŪһΣҽԷûθڣ̫ԵˡҲ
ѦС߿˿Уֿ˿ңЩ˵ΪѦСѵֶβɣǼҿҽͨҩǸ¶ֶҲڼ֣ұ֤һξԲкҩˡ


883 תιǵ
ѦС߲кҩֶΣҺͻвŷ˴˿һۣѦСһԣϾ˼ҽңҽֶο϶еĶࡣ
ѦС߻ߵߣһĪ״Ҫſ˵Щʲô㱻ѦСһץס°ͣһҩ裬ٵĳĺһģҩεĶӡ
ѦС߾˵ߣг˵ƺðɣ϶Ųӡ
һ䣬ͷһҺһԴԵ˵ϣ۵ش˹Ǹо͸кüűַϳһ㡣
۵˲Ҳ̶ãҺͻжһ㶣ѦСµʲôҩ
ѦСߺٺЦⶫǴͷˣԼóһҩתιǵһҩ¶ǣɢȫϰٴѨλᷢܵĴʹǸоô˵أСƬعζƤĹͷһ㣬ܹϵʹһٱҪҪԣ
ҺͻйѦСߵĽ˵;û͹ͷʹ˲׷ҡͷɫŰˡ
СֵܣǼҲҽң˵ôôŪֺ˵Ķ̫ص˰ɣһֱڿ죬̲סʵ
ѦСɫһ죬΢΢Щε˵ѦҴĶԼû¶оģǷģҩۣҩ󣬲ѦҲҪ߽ܵЩԱֶβǡ
Ǽ˵䣬ڵ۵شһڵϵ޲ֱɳ̲棬ǲҺͷƤЩ飬жۡ
ȻһӶξڵûˡ
һĻǼһ
Сߣ㲻Ὣθ˰ɣЩȵʵ
ѦСҲˣæ˹ȥξҵ³ֶΨһҪѦСֱӸˣ鷳ɾˡ
Ƭ֮ѦС߼һΣųһתͷǵСûֻǸۻȥˣҩЧʵЩ̫ˡ
˵ţѦС߳۵Ļȥ˼ƣһ۾ѦСߵʱϴһүǣۡһͿһѣһѵ˵˵硭ˡܲ˰̫ˡء
֪ˣ͸Ͻ˵³ֶ浽ĶҪȻһҹ۵ȥһֱΪֹвУһһַ㣬ֱ˵Ϊֹеʱ˵ֺαضأ˵ǲǣѦСߺٺЦ
һ˵ԵЩԥǳŲɿڡ
ѾʧȥģʱۿһҪȥˣҲٵˡ
߹ȥһѽϵŲеĽ궸ȻŲĲϣ˵ΣٸһλᣬԲ˵ϵܵҿɲұ֤˵ģֻҪȥұ֤ɱǡ
ʱεͻȻһȻɴ۾ң㡭ɱħ
ҡȻ֪˭Ӧ˵ɱ˵ֶΣԹΨһĳ·ҳ
£һŵϵļⶼڶˣһŵǶˮ߲ѾɱôΪλҪš
˿ڣ˵ǳ³ֶ̽ӡ
΢΢һЦ˵ˮȻɱˣɱĻҿ˵Ǹջ˶³зֶʹΆҴһȥ³ֶ棬Ϊ˽㵽״ȥ
γ˼Ƭ̣ҲȥֻҵһС³ֶѺأҪǴȥҵһС϶û̧֣һɡ
ĲȥˣҲãҾɱܣȻ㣬취˵ţҵɫһнҪŲĲϿȥ
𡭡ɱҵܡҴȥμҶɱæֹ
Ŷȥ³ֶ棬ɱΆûΪ㣬ȫҶֶܻΪأһ˵
γ˵һ޿֮С
ȻѾӦʣµͺðˡ
ѦС߸κŲ˶лɢʱסǵΪƽ߶ûʲôġ
Ų֮˵ҾҲŻˣֻͷ˵
һǰ³ֶľ˵ÿڶΣǰ³ֶһЩҲˣʱ䣬һ˳ʱǸСٴγ֡


884 
⺣߽ʯԱߣһɽ廹û³ֶԱξѦС߸ղһתιǵĥȻ˵ӣҲ˵ʵǳ˵ɽ廹һ˼ңҲһص³ֶԱҪǸ𴫵ϢģȻල
֮УղȥμǼҲûдģȻһȷľϡ
һΪ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳һҸֵ˵洬λãźһ·⴦ʯԣٽѦСߺͻнߡ
ѦСߺͻȻûʲôСġ
ȻǸʰˣĻҲȫţһлСġ
˿̣κܵŲѦСлɢҺһ𣬵ǲõİȫ⡣
׵֮ҸκŲ뿪ȥθ洬ͷ
һ·֮ϣ˶սսΪһǣһ¶һȻ⽫ԼϢͷųһЩŵֵ˴ҴϢʵʵǰ·
ƹ˴ӣڴӶϽǵĵطһͷǸ洬ҴɨһۣЩ洬඼ʮֳ¾ɣЩľʵ洬Ŷ̫ʵ
Сũ壬һųвСɽ壬ǰ򹤵ʱ򣬵ǿ󺣣ȴûǰЩ洬һЩǣ֪⴬ܲװôˡ
õ洬Щƾɵ洬УȥǱȽϺõģһܴĻգӦ³ֶá
˴֮󣬱κϵܿȥǸղڵǴʯȥѦСߺͻй
ԴӴӦȥ³ֶ֮ζҵĻһֱΨǴӣ˵ɶ͸ɶϵŲҵһμ֣ҲǸƲһ͸õͱˣҲĬĸߣһ仰˵
ҸоЩЩ̫ϰߣܾЩԡ
ֵ汻ŵˣֻǿڷĲʲôıҲδ֪
գϲ⣬ҳ˶Ҽֵܾص֮⣬˶һݽ䱸֮ģһص˸ˡ
ڽϻԽãҲԽԽֱ㹻ǿ˶ܹηʱ򣬻ò˰ɡ
Ϊû˵Ҹ㶯֣һͷŵͱҸүġ
κŲ˼ʻ洬ǴʯԿжȥ¡¡죬ڴƿһɫ˻ԼСʱǴʯԣѦСߺͻн˴ͳʻȥ
洬ŰԽԽԶͻȻһֿĸо
ʻ˰Сʱ֮󣬾ҲˣֻСƯںһƬҶŹĺˮڵ
ָоҺûе
˵һѼӣСʱڴӸĺӾ٣Ӿӣɶᣬںһ޼ʣ޷̤ʵصĸоûɵĿֻš
˺Ҳŷ֣һˣѦСߺͻеɫҲʮأվڴͷһ޼ʵĴ󺣣Ҳ֪Щʲô
ѯһ֪Ҳһ㣬ǵһγ
˵ʱСûüʻκŲ
Ҳһ㣬ЩĪĿֻš
½ϣƴҲЩں;ͷۡ
ݴսõϢ³ֶˣںĺ֣֮ǰǺϴһˮԶһĺãһЩ³ֶĺ֣ЩܹˮСʱûںǵ£Ǽ½غѼȴǵ鷳ܾЩ
ڴͷһص˴֮Уæ˴죬öЩˣǬ˱ĳʳһһ˴յСϣ⻹óƿþƣһ߳Ժȣһ߳³ֶķʻȥ
ڼ䣬ǻκŲԷȾơ
ֵˣԵʮ־ִ٣ƺȵĲ࣬ԵҲ٣ǸоһԷЩŰɡ
Ͼ̫ʢɱһصöˣֵ´ǵ˵طȻжĥɱ¿
Һοһ˵ֻҪ˵ط֤Ȼһǧл
˱ȽͻܸǶļ䣬ܵŲǸƺ«Ӵ򲻳һƨ
˵ʱܵϫӰ˳ʱ³ֶڵǸС¶һʱʱ䲢ҲͼСʱĹ򣬵ʱСڲ򿪼ͨڻʱǽȥʱ


885 
ȻǴԼʲôʱܹ³ֶڵǸС
θ˵ǲĻӦ֮ǰǾܹϵҲ˵ûȫ¶ǸСʱǾӦִܹˡ
бȽСģĻʲô⡣
˵пܻаҹ͵͵ȥģܻʮ鷳
ǱʾȻȻһҪ⣬³ֶΧĲΡ
ζǱֵʮϣ˵³ֶΧвĺôһƬһټʮǰͲķ󣬲ʱһصһصʱһصа̡
ʱһصĴ֮³ֶ沼һв֪Ĵֻ֮У϶ʧһִĵӲƷȫʧ飬Ȼֻ˶֮Уʧ١
Χ֪ǸطԸû˸ҿƬ
ǵط겻ɢһкУϤ·ģ˶ܹȥ
ֻҪ³ֶˣһ룬ʧʱкüѰңҲûг
ٷĽƬʮصĴųյĺ仯Ī⣬Ҳ񿿽
ٷֽͣǴӿѧĲʵǱ˷һٶǰ󷨴ܲµķһֱ񣬶ҹٷ޷Ƴֻܲ񿿽Ǹط
û˸ҽԣСΧĲǺϡɵģƽʱһССλѲһҲûķˡ
˵Щٴζ³ֶһ˽⡣
֪һһ
һССķֶ棬õܣص˶Ʋһصܶ棬ǵǶôصڡ
Ǹȷһ飬һҪӽʱһҪκǸֵܣҪǵ֮Уˣ㻨УָͽǸˡ
ããĴЩľսģ治֪һ֮УһΡ
ȻĻţȫûбֳڴóԳԣúȺȣһ㡣
ʵﷴͦŵġ
ʱһһĹȥϱǽ塣
ҿһֻѾ賿ˡ
ߵʶڳˣҹ˯ӰҲ̫󣬷κܱܵлɢѹΪԵʣʮƣˣһֱ졣
ʻһСʱ֮Ҳ賿ӵʱ򣬼ʻյͻȻߺһ˵ǿ쵽ˡ
һϢ˻һľ࣬վڼװϣǰȥʱ򣬷ǰĵطһƬӰӰƣһƬһƬɫ
ûǿǸطͻȻ˷磬һʼ粢󣬵ԽƬʱǷԽϲ˷ӿСҲǲϵ
˻λƣŪЩθҸоԼǲеδأ
ãƶļǺܺõģȻʮֵȴҲûô㸲ãã֮С
æֻ˳÷ˮϴϣźãԺ϶õš
תͷѦСߺͻпȥʱ˵ɫ̫á
ǶǵһγĴ˵ǶǼٵġ
ϾҪˣСһЩγѵ
˵ƾնһЩøУһûж䱸֮ģϢƮ˹ȥվεߣһʲôľٶʱԽ¡
ʮ֮Ǳ֮УһʼĵˣȻһããķ֮ԺͻȻ˺תȻֹղžһĻûзһ
һͷ˼ʻգκܵŲһŵɫֵطһҪΣҲòоɼеա
ΧããһƬʮ֮ĵطʲôˡ
μʻ洬ı䷽ʱת䣬վڼװϣһֱڳĺˮȥһ·ǰʮӣҲ֪еĿֲ֮ʱθոռݴ߹ĵطͻȻĪɫУԽתԽ󣬺ˮһģҪǰԤϵõǿ϶Ҫġ
еʱ򣬺ö˶˵ţͻȻĪĳһһ޴˻߰׸ߣʮˡ
û뵽ǣͷϻͻȻ±ӣǼСıӣҪǶĿ죬ιȥװǶ˵죬Ŷֲ


886 Ѫ
һܼı󣬺ָֻܿƽ
ٴ߳յʱ򣬷ּװ϶ѻ˺һû뵽˽ףطըĿӿݡ
θǣҪǺСÿζǰض·߽룬ĺһֱƽÿһֻҪض·ǰÿζоգдߴ·ٲ֮ء
ɽʮˣ·ػ˲֪ٴΣѾ˾Ͱǰߣᷢκ顣
ˣ˻Щľս⻹ûе³ֶϳأôգ֪ʲô顣
ѾʼЩˣѦС治øһġ
μʻ洬ǰУǼ˾վڼװϣֱźĺˮصǰš
ÿ˶ʮֽţҳ
ȻԽˣվԵأƫƫʱΧһͻȻǱ˴˶ܹԷĴϢ
һߵĵиңҪʲô顣
иüͷ΢΢ֱӽԼķϽ˳ƽУ۾һǰһֿڳĺˮ
뻨п϶Ҳһ㣬ƺоʲô
㷲һֻڼκŲȹͨһ£ɴ۾κܵܵһһֻҪҸʲôС̽£ɱ˶ɡ
ҲҵѸðţԭ·ؾˡ
洬ڰɵĺϼǰнӣʱ򣬺ͻȻһˮȻһεĶˮ棬ʼ߿ٵ߶
һεĶ˲֪Ǹʲôˡ
꣬ⲻǴ˵е
һˮεĶ̣Сʱ򾭳ڵϿܼݣСʱ򳣳ŵΡ
ǣǰЩҲ̫һЩһƬмʮԼٶȣ˹
Ƶ洬ôΧ֮£³Ӧʮҡ
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ʱ򣬴ͷһֻͻȻˮһԾҿķüһϴĸͷһνĿϴ̼ˡ
һĻ̲סͷһۼʻյΣʵΣʲôôô죡
ڼʻյҲ龰Щֵ̿˵⡭Ҳ֪ô찡ǰûô㣬аˡ
ۿЩ޴ҪƵ洬ײʱһֱĬѦСͻȻǰһ˵żиڣЩɲ򡭡
˵ţѦСߴһСƿӣһֻţǺ￪ʼһЩɫҩ棬ҩں֮󣬶ʱðһŰɫݣٵĳЩ߶˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ģЩһѦСŪЩݣ׷׵ͷܣɢӣĹ򣬾ȫûӰ
ЩͷӵûӰǸһ亹ѦС˴Ĵָǿ佱һѦС߻Уҩ㶼ܿס
Ȼҵ䵽˼ʻоδϣ첽˹ȥ
ο֮ɫʮѿͷ˵
Ҷ˵һƾͳϳ˹ȥŭ˵ôģΣѾҪ·ػʮ꣬Ѱû飬Һͽô㣬Ǵ㸹𣿡
ί˵үɱԩˣ֮ǰ͸˵ˣ仯Ī⣬˭Ҳ֪ɶҾǰض·ߵģЩǳǹˣǲһǣߣҹôĻҺҵܵܿ϶Ҳɣһι㲻ǡ
˵Ȼмֵɸеŭָı˵Σ飬ҲϣһΣԼŰɡ
˵仰ұ˼ʻգȼ
ѦСһģɱŸ߶Ƚ䱸״̬Ͻ𲧣Ͻһֱ΢΢ɢһ㵭Ľ⡣
ǰһξ룬ҸоֹȥӵĹ⾰ǰ֮УЩոɢȥûжõͻȻٴγ߾£˹
ȥʲô
ϸôһҷһΣһοȥҪࡣ
ϰ㳯Χ£˹˻ڲѡ
ѦС˹ļóСƿӣ׼һЩҩʱͻȻ䣬Źֵͷˣǰ߰ҵĵطЩͻȻһȫԼɢˣȻ󣬴ӺðһѪ


887 ޴
ۿϰͷҪײ洬ʱͻȻһɢˣѦСƿӣûЩɫҩ档
˶ɵˡ
ȻǸоֲ̿ǣǺˮͻȻðһѪˮôһƬ涼Ⱦˡ
Ƭ֮ƬѪĺˮ֮УͻȻƮһضʬ壬ϸôһʱŵҵһƯʬ壬һԴ°Ѿûˡ
ȥ⺣»иֲĶ㶼һҧӣǵʲô
ֲôͻȻɢԭ˱ǻҪǿĺޡ
ʲôأ
վڼװϵˣ˲ĳ
ڴʱǺ֮£ͻȻðһźܴݣཹཡţ涼ڵǳС洬Ѿͣ
⺣֮·쳣״ҲеĽ꼤˳Դ
СŸ硭
ʱͻȻһʹĽĿȻһۣæͷȥ
һҪȴӰӴﱼ˳κܵŲ
ͬʱͷ߿һۣλ¶һЦݣȥֵһԾڵĺˮ֮УתۼûӰ
⣬ôεİˡ
һʼСӾûǽ³ֶ棬ҪǺ֮С
طι⽫Ǵģǹ۲캣Ķʱû˴֮С
طΪϤˮԿ϶õĳ棬ȫϹʲôһߣǶʱһʮΣյľء
Ѿˣ޷ص飬ڳĺˮ֮¸ΣķҲ׷ºںҵΪۿۡ
һ䣬Ҿת˼ʻңȴ˿˫ۣɢһ֮
ȡôˣҹе
ίĿ˵СŸ硭ҲáղһֱǵģǡǸļһﲻ֪óһŷҵϣȻǾˡ
ģȥʮְûڣҲ
ȻͽһжˣǴҲúĶǵע֪һԿǡ
ʲôλ֪ΣһС
ֻҪ壬µҵķҲ⣬ŷҲǺܴ󣬲ûˣɢ֮ܿ챻ɢɺɷڸǡ
Сšˣ¶ˣѦСţЩЪ˹
ѾĲˣ·˶ˣб
Ҵ߳˼ʻգ첽˼װϣѦСߵЩ΢΢ָڳĺˮ˵Сš쿴С϶һһ
ѦС˵ͬʱҳŻпһۣѾϽ𲧣ͷ֮ϣϽ𲧽âƣȻ˺üһʱģ
ҳźˮ￴һۣʱĺˮҷӿһ˶ݴӺˮð˳
ѦСߴһǿֵ磬źˮȥԼ䣬ҿһٺɫĶں׳֣ͷܴܴ󡭡ЩĸͷҪʮ
⺣ͷĶӦþǾ˰ɣŲǾ㡣
ҿ⺣µĹʲôʱ
ͻȻ䣬һ޴ˮСҲܵ˾޴ĳֱ뿪ˮ棬Ȼص
Ǽ˶ߣڴʱ򣬶ʱŴļλȥס˴û㸲ȥ
ǣûվȽŸͬʱ˲˼һĻסԵһ
꣬Ǹʲô
ղһˮ󣬺ͻȻһȻⶫһεԴһ¶˺棬һںס
ͨٻɫЩףĺߣ۾ɫģɭɭĶŴɵ㶵ˡ
ߡǴ˵еĺߣУֻһĸͷҲ̫˰ɡѦС߲
㡭ϵⶫҳ⺣߿һۣһ˵ȻҲǷġ
￴ûôģѾɾ˰ɣǺߣȫǾ綾֮ѦСߺݺݵһĭ˵
ǺߵͲϸһٻɫۼףзĶ¶棬һʼӺðճûȷ
Ҫ˵ǻбȽţȣ⺣ðûãж˵ֱϽ𲧳ǺߵԴ˹ȥ


888 նɱ
Ͻ𲧴ӻŶһ·ɳˡһ죬Яһƿֱ֮ӳǾ޴ˮߵ˹ȥ
Ͻⶫһ˲õķʥмȥͬʱȻٴαâ貣ССķٴ˳
СྐྵȻԼ˽Ǿ޴ĺһ㶣һ˫ɫ۾΢΢һУһȥϽ𲧵ĹϽһδУܿ۷˻źߵԴȥ
һ£ǽǾ޴ĺ߸ˣǾ޴һΣ˺УϽ׷˹ȥݺݵ˺棬һž޴ˮ
⺣߱Ӵ󣬵ƶٶȷɿ죬գۼʧ˺֮ϡ
ȻнϽջҲûȵҺѦС߿ʼ֣Ǿ޴ˮͲˡ
˿̣˵ޱȽŵģ׷׳Ŵºڳĺˮпȥ
Ҳһ֮Ǵͳһž޴Ӱ
Ҳݣҽסһ
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ڴϣȻҲһ˸߿֮С
ǴˮǺ߱˾޴βŴ˹
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ҵӿʼ³ûƯʱ򣬾Ϳ˶ĺͷ߿ٵıƽ⺣ߵһ˫ɫ۾ںﾹȻܹŹ⣬һɭ֮͸ĺˮֱӴﵽҵϣУһ
޴һ߳ҾȻһֵĸоʶľ֣ĴĽ꼤˳߶콣еĽл㾦һɫĹ㳯ǺߵԴ˹ȥ
ֻǺˮеٶȺͷӦʵ̫ˣո籡һɫǺ˿ȥӲٵĳ߶
ۿǺ߾ҪҳײͻȻ䣬Ǻߵ͵һȻתȥһֵ̿ĳȥǺߵͻȻͶһǵһĻУжһѽħƣһ¾ʹǺߵϣǺźۼףħҲһС룬߳ʹæת˷λͷŻҧ˹ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬仯ǼڼȵΣ֮С
˿̵ңԺֳſɶ޲ýʬΡ
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Ѵ֮ȫնɱڴˣɱңǴһɱңҲһߣȫ
ۿ޴ĺߵת˷򣬳Ż˹ȥʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ˮͻȻ賤Ǿ޴ĺߵӲ˹ȥƬ̵Ĺ򣬻ڵź渡ȥ
ڻ֮ҿѦСһâƵĻľҲ˻еһˮȥ
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ҵһƯںϵļװ壬ٵȥ֮󣬿ѦСߺͻжѾҲԶһϣæкǹΪҴ㶯ˣնɱ
кѦСҵкƬ̲ҵ飬ֻˮʼ߿£
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Ҵһһ֮˷ĺ֮ϣˡ¡һ޴죬ʮˮжʮ׸ߣʮ𺳡
һʮˮ˺棬ٴγܿȥʱ򣬷ֺƯСС࣬мҲδ⡣
ڸղǺֵ߳ĵطཡðһݣƬ֮һٻɫȻ︡ˮ棬ϻŲˮݣǸղϮǵľ޴ߡ
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СŸ磬ҡһﵽҵԺһһ
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֣Ҳ⺣ߵԴḧ˵һȻһĶǰԹԵſţȥʱһʮĳɾ͸С
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890 ԵĽ
ѦСһһէӣҺͻпͬʵɶ
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ǡҾһ£⺣ߺͺʲô𣿡Ƶ
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ˮôãҿǺԴԲĹĵİʵ
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ѦС˵ҿ⺣ԵͲ̫һˣϵıĿˣǡ⺣߸ոնȹ٣Ϊʱ򣬴ɾûˡ
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Сߣ⺣ԵĽǱǺ۲ۣʵ
ۣ͸˵ͷָһʹУⶫԼҪܳһʱˣпǼʮϰꡭѦС˵
ȻˣҲͲˣеĽһԴϿȥһȥǺԴϵĽǾͱն֮С
ⱦն֮Ҳ뵽һ⣬ˣôأ
Ҫ˵ҪǲܵģϾѦС˵ﶼ˼Сߺͻƴҹģܲʲôôûаɡ
ⶫѦСߣɫС߸磬⺣ԵĽܲҽүүϵƶ
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Ʋһۣû˵⺣СȽģСģȻ㣬޹»ôһ¶
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һףȥҵǮͺã˵ˣԸģûң·ϻԼûȥɡֵ
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ȸһģǾǸң¶Ǳҡ
Ϊǵ̸۲ݵʱһֱںͻȻһǣһˮһͻȻӳҵԺСŸ硭˳߿ˡ
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ʱϸΧĶʲô˶죬ӦһҴ󴬣ֵܹĴֻǿ϶³ֶ


891 Ŵ
ڴ˴֮У³ֶĵ̣ǻǴڼƵ״̬ǷӦʱ򣬻ʹһɫ׷˺УںϵȣҲõҵһͬ˱ĺˮ֮С
ǳ뺣֮ǺԵĽ˳ѦС߸ղ˵İ취עУǲѦС˵ǰ棬ûзˮЧĻǾֻҩβˡ
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ͨ⺣ԵĽǣô飬ˡ
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ǲĿŵĳǵǰڿŴ·һǣ׷׵¶һԴϸ۲Ķ
Ǵͷĺͣڴ£ʱȺǵķԸ
Ƭ֮ҿͷļװϳ˼ˣһ£Щ˻úɴһصˣܶ˶磬Ҳԭģܶһصˣ඼ͨһ㣬мҵͨһһص˾ص˴򽻵¶ĻǲҪ鷳صܸǵĳ࣬ҵǵļңãӶ׽ԣںܶ£һص˲¶ڿƼôصǹػأԵԴãҸ̫ˡ
Ⱥ֮УҿϤףǴκܵŲ
վڴͷϣθһģĺ˹˵½ȷ棬ǿûУұǿͬģǵΪҪЮǴ·Բѵ˵Ҫ³ֶ棬ԲҽǴ˺ԵأԸ˳Ӧñ̽˶㿴Ǵˣ˿϶Ҳˡ
Ǹ½ȷĺӿһΣЩɵʵȷǴ˾
ǧȷСԼ˵ˣ϶ˣֶأ֮߳⣬һСѾܸˡظ˵
Ǹʲôˣ½ȷʵ
һҵ˵һƤ׾СӽѦСߣǴѦҩ̵ѦС߹ϵͦôǴˣû뵽Ѧҩ̵ҲȻһصˣǲҪ֪ͨ棬Ѧҵ˶أ˵
һһصôԸҶɣȻǲµģҪԸѦңǿ϶Ҳ뿴ģһʼҾûѦС߲ΪѦҼҴҵȻҽĺܣ¼̳ΪƴѦҿ϶ǲеģڽ֮ϣζ㲻ϣҪ˵ҲУǷ֮еѦѦλүӣλ˼Ҳ£Ѧҩжξ룬һصҪĶǶ֣λүԮ
˵½ȷȴ鲻ܹǵģѦҲ˭붯ܶϾѦǽһҽң֮аܹѦҵĶݣмӸҶѦңΪУǽеĸ߲㣬ѦβҽҪţһصĴΪˡ
α½ȷ˵ƿԣͷǡ
ѦǽڰֻҪǲǿ϶ҽΣǹأܼȡ
ԣϵ˶Ѧһʮ𾴵ģ˭ҪѦҼӣӲϲ˭ܱ֤һӲأ
ߣһ״ȥҽԺ޷ҽΣֻѦҽ
飬ܹŻȥһ飬ҿ϶ѦС߳ˣѦСҲ̫ˣЩ̫֣һص϶Ҳݲ
Ƭ̣½ȷʵǻһǸߵ˭
Ǹ¾ͲˣһͷУѦС߶ϻΨΨŵŵ˵


892 ɱһ䲻
ϻǸ½ȷļһ￴ΣƵû˵ʲôĺаϻǴðģ
¾Ͳ֪ˣ˭֪ðһҰУǲѾ³ֶʥԸˣڳһͷ󻼡ǺԽ˸ɱʱ
Ƕ³ֶ棬Ƕһص˵ǿ϶Ǵһȥ꣬ҽ³зֶ¾ʱһص˽׷ɱۼǧȡͷεٷǿ϶ǲ˵ģŪһ³ֶʹҲϡƽ顣
Ȼ½ȷȴΪ˵ΣСӱżɱĻҿ϶ͨ飬ôȻٲģôȷ汻ʥԸˣۿ˲ɣ
Ŵԣʱ㼤æ˵½ȷ棬Ҳ֪ʥԵģǿеʲôܹͬ飬Ͳʥġ
˵ʥȻͬ˼ովһ٣ʮ˵ͱ˿ӣ˹ƶˣֶκ׵İ㣬ɱˣǵȸϣҲСϳԹģƾ㡭ߺߡ½ȷЩ˵
½ȷ棬ô˵ǲˣҪȻϵŲһͬЮֹġȻҲЩˡ
Ժ˵һҪ˳ˣСһǸζһжɶϰɣϵҲûʲôãֵǴһӳġ½ȷ˵
ڴ۲ݣҺѦСԼٴγŴ档
ǺԵĽóӪһɫݣ˰С
Сţκϵֻˣ뿴ûУһǣûɶ˵ģǽǵˣɱΣٻ׽һ˴·ֱɱ³ֶϳ㿴Σ
ְɣһθˣС̫ôǷʰˡѦСҲߵ˵
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ʱǻЩ³ֶˮԼãһˮбһ㣬ܿӶȥ
һˣǽ˺ԣȻܹٿ
ؼڻһǺԴϳĽǣܹˮⶫԲģǽʯȴҸղѾһ֣ˮ飬Уܹˮдܳʱ䣬ⱦˮж磬ٶȿ϶Щ³ֶļһ
ö֮ұ֪ͨһֱǹŴ渽ںϵȣȷˮ棬ĵȴЩ³зֶˮɱ
ȻζһǾ޴׼ԹŴˣæٿűˮ飬ǹŴԶһЩ
㿪˰ȫ֮ȲٿǺԵһȻٶȶȻӿ죬ݺݵĳǹŴײ˹ȥ
ǴǱˮ֮УҲǾ޴ĺ
¡һǹŴ㱻ȿƵĺײһˮһСĶڡ
Ȼкˮ˴ʼ΢΢бˡ
ѦСߺͻԣҽǱˮ齻˻ά֣ĸˮ棬۲Ķ
¡һȥȿƵĺԱٴκݺݵײһǹŴǹŴҵҡţҳһࡣ
ˡʲôڹǵĴѾ©ˮˡ֪ĸ˴һ
졭콫óҴܿҪˡǸ½ȷġ
ҲԥֱѾбĴ壬ǴϿٵȥ
װϵҴɨһۣжʮˣбκŲ
һҴκŲʱɵۣҾ͸˹һ
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үģ˴ΣСүˣһĶȥɣ˵䣬ҵһһɨǧ㳯ЩҵȺɨ˳ȥһɨǧһ΢֮Ǵϵļװ嶼Ʒɶ
һɫĽ籡Щ˾ͺɨ˹ȥмĺ˻泯߳׵壬㱻һضϣʬɥѪأҪѪжѪȡ


893 Ǳɱ
һҾ͸ϵЩһ˶ûüҵӣ촦Ѫ岽
һͣϵ˶ʱɵۣһĶһκݺݵײҲƵĴ󴬶ʱȿƵĺײһǺˮһӿ˵ܵһͨ͸
ǻûվȽŸŽһ·ֱײһٴնɱˡ
ȥķ򣬱κܵŲڵĵطһ￴ٴγǵǰѾŵĻɢһĲǷҪ뺣Ϊϴһһ뺣Уұû˿취
ˣǺеĿֲԶȴϸӿ£ȴǵģһˮĺԣеķŭ
ҿκŲ𣬾ҪŴȥʱѾٴξеĽ꣬һһɫĹӽ֮籡콣еĻ㾦һ£ƫУôŲĺ֮ϣֱӽؿڴһ
ŲİѾſ˴ϣһ֮󣬱ſﲻˣĻ
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ݻ֮һ˺Ҿͨһ춯Ȼηһ嵽˼źţͿεӱ׳˺棬ʮ׸ߣȻһεˮһˮ
ˮɢһε˶Դˮ֮¶˳ȿסԡ
СѾͷ̽Դʱ򣬻˳ҵƤգ˼۾
һĹ򣬸ղűγ֮Ϊ½ȷǸӴ߰˸˾ͳ˹
ЩеıʮأҶһģһģһֲõ棬һԵĳҴ˹
ҽżһ棬ƮȻ䵽˴֮ϣ϶£һɨǧЩ˺ɨ˹ȥͷļٴαնУ˻룬еҲδ⡣
½ȷ滹ЩֶεģȻǰ㿪һ
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һĺ˷׷˺УҲûȥ׷Ӵ֮ԾȻ£վ½ȷǽʣµļ˵Ķ棬ýָǣ˵СүĹԹԷͶľ
ԱţЩԭԾԾԵĺ˶ʱֹǰˣ׷׿վǰ½ȷ棬½ȷ沢ûкɴ棬ɫȥޱȴܵĿ־塣
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ɱħڻŹãһصЩаˡ
ҪͶûţǣһϣ½ȷŭһһͳҴ˹һΣͦŽȥײһ𣬷һ֮½ȷһΣҳֱ룬ײǼĺˣһһЩڵأһʱٴˣҲŴȥ
½ȷ濴һ֮ܵܣҲӦսҲҪһˮС
ֻ½ȷȽϵùӸҪȥһ޴ĺԴ¶˳ŵһӱ˼
æǰһѾסСӵӣͼĲϣһŽ߷ڵء
ʱ򣬺֮ϲϴʹİҳźһϴܵĺˮѾһƬѪ죬֮ƯȫЩ˵ʬ
˴Լ֮󣬺ƽ
ȴӺ﷭˶ϴһ۱Ҳڽŵµ½ȷ棬˵ͲҪɱˣˮ˻ȫҵˡ
ҵ˵ͷҪ˵ˮ滩һ죬һ˱ӵ˶ϴ֮ϣҵͷһǲǰºݻҪѪծѪΡ
һˮ㣬ϲŲˮݣؿھҵţ³˲ٺˮ
α֮ѦСߺܿҲ˵СܶӳˣҪúݲסСӸˡ
Ϣһڻһæ˵ϣధλү֪ˡǱɱңʹǹȥ


894 ˳߲
ҽ½ȷ潻˻еУȻߵ˹ڵϿͷ絷߶
Σվҵ˵
⻰εһ٣ûվҿͷ޵ңһ߿һ߰үү֪ˣһΣһȥ³ֶ棬Ҳˣˡ
վҼ˿ŵλһ𣬶߶µĴӵվͷҿҡ
һʼҸ˵ûУֻҪԹԵĴҵ³ֶ棬Ӧܵܲҳʵ
æͷ˵˵˵
ȻеΥ֮ԼӦԼӦóеĺ˵Ļƨţ˵
⻰Ҫ¹ֻǲ£ٴȵվˣ
αŵĻһվҲǣҲǣӰվɪɪ
ҪǸˣ͸Щжϥлƽ֪ŷƲ㣬һϵ뿪ġ
үҡ
λҪ˵Щʲôȴûٸ˵ĻᣬһƳؿ˹ȥһѪźȥ
һ϶ˣˮﻹܻĻǾ󣬲Ҹоһ֮ĻѾ΢΢ˡ
Ҵ³ֶҴȫʬ
Σת˱ڵϵǸ½ȷ档
ʮ£ͨ˶ﶼ۵֣ұţһʼʱ򻹸Ҷ˼ӣջǰŲһߡ
īһ仰˳߲ǴǴ·ھȥι㣿ҳʵ
ʳ仰ͬʱͻȻһˮһȻӺ¶˳ȿǾ޴ԵԴߴ˹ϲ˼¡
½ȷ濴³ֶػԾȻңһĲ˼飬ʵ⡭ôģʥôܻ᳼㣿
㲻Ҫֻ֪ˣһЩСֶΰˣֻҪشҸղŵ⣬
˵⻰ʱұ̧еĽָ꣬˵ʵ㲻˵ҲһģѾסԣȫԴǹȥֻһĻˡ
˵½ȷڷſһߣң˵ֻǡĴǹȥǻ𣿡
ģǻ˵ûκвԣֻҪǹȥҿ϶㡭ұ֤
ǺãҴȥ½ȷһӣ˵
ܺãҺ̬ȣۿ˵ǰͷҪǸˣʲôУξΨһ³в
ңҼȻ˵ˣǿ϶ȥ˵ʵҲǸ˳ۣǸ̫࣬ȫû϶ǺãǰܹɱǾòˡ½ȷЩ߷ߵ˵
ðɣ㼸⡭
˵
֮⣬ƬûһѲߵˣ
УںĶĸλֱѲߵĴֻǸڶѲģҴ˶ɱˣϿ϶ûˡ½ȷ˵
Άڲ³ֶ棬ľλģʵ
ڣڷֶĺ棬ĵطҲ˵ҿԴǹȥ
³ռҵүХǲҲ³ֶ棿
ڵģ̫ϱʹ½ȷ
Ǻãҵˣ߰ɣ·һҪǵģҪǱҷһ㲻Եĵط֪ٴв
λүģСĲ
߰ɡ
˵գҳںϷ캣Ի˻֣ȾǺԵĲϡ
ѦСߺͻ֪⺣ǱȸסģȻҲûʲôúµģֱҵм½ȷһط
½ȷƺЩԣϾ³ֶػϣδЩ£ƵĿע֮£½ȷ滹ǺԵϡ
֮½ȷָ·ȿźԿٵĳǰ߶ȥ
߳ȥ˴Լ֮󣬸ղǹŴѾû˺ˮ֮УƬ֮ҿЩǰܵ۷˻ʼ˺ҧЩƯںϵʬ壬ʮѪȣֻһ۱תͷȥٿ
֮лգһ·֮ϳ˸ֹ֮⣬͵ĺЩ޵ǲҿԣһ֣޲˱ᡣ


895 ɽ׳н
½ȷ汻Ҹʰ֮󣬱ֵرҲ֪ǲװģԴǷɾ衣
ǰ֮֮Ҳ½ȷ뿪Ұ벽ʼҿɿصķΧ֮ڡ
֮Уһõĺԣ͵ĺЩе޸ȣԵС࣬ȻͣȴҲҿǰ֡
֮лΣ֮Щǲģ½ȷڣÿζܹ׾ٵĶܹȥԣһ·֮ϣ̫ƽ
ԼҪʱΧİͻȻ࣬ԼԼУǰһСǵǰ
λү糱ոȥСѾ¶˳ܿῪͨͨˣλүôȥ½ȷ濴ǵ
ҺٺһЦû½ȷĻתͷѦСߣʵ׼𣿡
׼ˣôţڻϣѦСߴӱó˼·Һͻһһס
Щɫ·ѦСߴЩ½ȷµϰģΪܹ³ֶ棬ֻܳ²ˡ
ȿƵϣȫЩ£һֱúɴס棬ֻһ˫۾¶˳
ǻͷ֮Ȼִһ·ۿźʱұøںϵ۷ȥص½ȷǴڡ
ʣµһ·СľҲԶˣֱֽŲãһ·εС֮ϣȵС֮ǲŷ֣طͦкüƽСӦøһЩ
³ֶϳС·СѾڿˣкôһƬڣܹסǧˣС֮ӻһЩɫֲ
ɨһ֮ͻȻСһںĽʯķ򷢳һƵ죬һ
˳ˣǿբͨʱ䡣½ȷ˵
һЩ˿֮͸һ󺰣˵صĴѾ³ֶ֮У³ֶһǣƵ֮УʣµͲùˡҸ½ȷ˵
½ȷһֱڲ֪ҵļƻʱֻȻĸоֵЩĿɿڴ
ҵļƻܼ򵥣ǾǸһɽ֮ƣ˵³ֶ棬Ҫǵϳһ³ֶƱҪɳǰ֮̽
ȻǵطȻغǣһǵĴϵȽǺӴ³ֶľʵڲеĻȻǱ֮УЩ³ֶ˴λսܹ֮ǣסǾͺá
ֱӷǺԵʶԼǰҡ
ѾǱǵϳ׳нһ췭ظ
ΆСӿ϶棬ѡܶ棬Ļû뿪
һΣ³зֶ汻ʱΆġ
յСˣֻѡӶݣ˵ˣǿ϶ŵĲС
ҵļƻ֮ѦСߺͻз׷׵ͷıܺá
½ȷҲһ˵ү֮һֱĴţȣСĻΪֻһɱçѣһʵı֮
ˣƨˣϽɻ¶첻ɣСҲ
˵䣬Χִ˼Ƶ죬С֮ϺüբŶˡ
㶯װһǱӣһĵĳǰȥһߴˡˣг͢ӥȮǷֶˡ
һѦСߺͻд½ȷҲ첽˹һһߴüһƽʱûкѦСߵݼãװĶ񣬿ǵӣҲˡ
½ȷҲʮ
˿̣СΧļբڶѾˣһʱ˺ܶ˹
ܵһբڵʱǸطѾۼʮˣһԴԴϵĺ˳߾£
ΪܹݵһЩǱߵ;Уϵ·˼·ϱմ˲ѪҲǱ
Ⱥֱӵ˵ϣк˽Ҹһʵֵܣôˣ
ˡ¶ˣҺ½ȷѲʱ򣬿˴³ֶ󣬾͸ǴһʮֵܣȫɱˣͻʣǼ˻ҹ˵
˵Ϣ˶һ㶣˱ȥ֪ͨ


896 բ
һĹԽԽ࣬ǰǸբ֮߳Ƭ֮һʮĺҲϣ󻹸߰˸ˣһȺʱ˶ݵÿһ·
ǺӾֱߵҵߣϴۣҶʱЩǧʱ¶ţһмƻȫˡ
ʮĺӣӦ³ֶĸ߲Աų㡣
ĸÿڵģŵĸʲô׳ʲô飿꺺ӳʵ
һ㶣֪οڣʱԵ½ȷһ֣˵ʹСÿڵģ´춫ÿڵֵѲСʱ֮ǰͻȻһЩ׵ĺܣ˵ֱӾ͸ǴˣֵǼζԷܶ࣬һǺ֣ڴ򶷵ʱһԳɱǵ࣬Ƕÿ˲أֵ±ʣļֵܻţʹϿ֪ͨȥÿڿɣȥҪˡ
½ȷһ˵ʹʱüͷƬ̣֪ʲôֵʲôҸңԷ˶ˣ滹֣³ֶΧǿһټʮǰ㲼ķǶԱ϶ܹνأ
½ȷΨһʱһԵĻбʹԷһٶ֣ϴȫɽװӦصˣǶӦǳͽСĸղſһˣɽ岼õߣǸŽΣ϶ص˹ġ
һ˵˵ͨˣʹһɫͱĽܿһۣѾۼ˽ٸˣբΧѹѹһƬ
λ³ֵֶصĳ͢ӥȮַ³ֶ棬дѵĶӳЩ͢Ĺȫⶫ֮Уʹһ
ɱ˳͢ӥȮ
Щӡ
ȺһʱޱɱʱС֮ϡ
Ƭ֮ʹֿ½ȷ棬ʵ㣬Сӣ
ӦûȻûȴ˵õķһͭǮóùһֱɱߺüˡ½ȷ˵
ʲôλãʹʵ
Ӧû֮УǵʥԲأʧҲͦģʹȥ˵ܴһֲʱǴһ½ȷֵ
ȥҷС˵ٻĹһһ׵ģ˵Ҷȥֳɵıȥˡ
ʹһ˵ãɣ½ȷ棬ȥ֪ͨζʹХ죬ǰȥ֧ԮʹҴһ˹ȥƣͷ㿴Σ
ʹҪȻҴǹȥɣǸطұȽ죬Ҵ˷λ½ȷ
ãȥֱӸͺãöʹ֪һԣҴֵȹȥʹżӣ½ȷ˵仰֮󣬱кΧǸ˽ŪϾҪСʱһƬ
⵺治֪жˣ½½ֳ˺ֱܶ࣬СΧЩ󴬿첽˹ȥÿ϶ŷһٴеģ
½ȷ˷Ըͷкһǽһբڣբڵȥ
һʼբڵʱһµ¥ݣȻһߵߵвٻѣŲͷװƷԵɭɭġ
ߵұһ½ȷļһعͷҾִٵһЦ
½ȷ棬Ĳҿ佱
лλүֻҪǼǵôӦҵãҿ϶ˣС½ȷСĵ
ģȴΆǸ飬ҵˣȥĶáֵ
½ȷ˵ͷǰ·ߵűһ֮Умһˮأ滹żģ㣬ֵһ˵ǣˮ֮һɽǼɽȫͷѻģڼٸ޶˿ֲҲ֪³ֶ˴Ūôͷ
ƺǵɻ½ȷСĽ͵ЩöʮеĴϵˣǰÿ궼ϼپʬ壬˺ܶ࡭
ûϾæߴ½ȷЩߣȥΆ
֮ȻͿ˺ܶССķӣǴʯͷģģܴһʱҲжټ䣬·˲ٴźµˣ඼ûдɴס档


897 ԩҲͷ
һ·֮ϣ˸½ȷк䵱½ȷС࣬һ·첽УҲ˿ɫҴңһżӣǷʲô飬ǱͼӴ׵˵һ飬˵һٶصĸǰ³ֶ棬Ϣʮ𾪣ֵʱ򣬸ŵĲС
ҵͷȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ǰҴӶϻµ׻ʱ򣬻һص㶫ֶɱ˲٣ҵĴһֱûжϾǽ³зֶ飬Щһص˵һҵ֣Ǳ㲻뵽һεĲҰ
ͨ⵺µ;У˲ˣɢĺܿ죬˲ŪĻ̻̣ŵҲòȣܶ˶բſڵķλһ̽
õĽȥԽ࣬ǾԽ׶֣ܹǵҲԽ١
Ǵ˴ιĿģΪҳΆһһص棬֪Ǻ۸ġ
ţĽװοȥûôˣеĵ˺ܸߵĵذשһ·һ·˴Ӧÿ쵽СĵشҲ³ֶ߲סĵط
һһ߿һֱ½ȷһֻ࣬ſľɫˣȴûעǰ·ͻȻһӭұоһײҵĻһ
ҵͷһʱ򣬸ŵҵһ
ոײһʶһҼʮ̵Ůˣ³зֶʱȥΆСԺǸڵŮˣŮ˳ʮֺģмɫģҼǵŮ³ֶʹݵŮˣи톴һǹɧͱˡ
Ůײ˸һ£࿴ֱۣ֪Ӿһֻ۴һСؿѣ˸һ˵СֵܣӰͦʵһļ⣬ǼææҪȥİ
ʶңҲܹҵôһʣҶ֪ôشˡ
ҺʱԵ½ȷ淴ӦȽϿ죬һ֣˵ˡˣصϰӥȮѾҪСأѾһֵܳȥԸˣСĲƬ̵飬뽫ζء
Ŵԣڵ΢΢ǹӷɧЩ޺޵˵Сôˣ칷ƤҩƵģô˦Ѳˡ
˵ţֿ½ȷ棬ʵڵˣ
ڶÿڣʥԲأǹһˣҲ֪ʲô½ȷ˵
ʱҲŷЩϳˮζ֮⣬һʵǸߵ顣
һ·һ˵·ͬСɣϿȥȥɡ
½ȷӦһͷһۣ첽ǰڲʱͻȻһ飬½ȷΪˣ˿³ֶĶΆ
Сӱһ˵һ̫࣬ղǸӣ϶ûʲô¶Ǹ˭أ
⻹˼Ǹ˭һǾ˭һ͸̵ñӡ
ҸմջĿ⣬˿̲Զһ䷿ӵͻȻˣ߳һʮµ½ȷ棬
˵䣬˾ͳ˹ҶһͻȻ˿ȥЩ죬ӡ
½ȷͣ˽ŲǽҲͣ
¼ʹ½ȷ湧һ
˿̣ҲŻȻ˵ôôأԭһˣ˱½ȷ֮Ϊʹǿ϶³ĵܵХˣ³ֶ浱ʹš
еХ죬ȥԩҲͷСӸ³мƣֻǿȥࡣ
ֻǿХһۣæջĿ⣬Ҷ࿴±ʲô߳ѦСߺͻҲ׷׵Դһʮֹģ
ХΪӿһ۵ʱҾо
˵ܣһֶο϶ˣ³һܵ˵ĸ֣˿ƴŽµġ
ХΪƱҲȥ
½ȷ棬Ҹղź˵³ֶˣôһ¶Хʵ
½ȷ㽫ղŵ˵¸Х˵һ飬⽫̬˵ʮء
Хֻ֮΢΢˵ͷ˵һƿСѣʦڣһϷԹȥͷȡǡ


898 ټΆ
Ǳ˵Ĵ󻰳һ᲻мһˣХ˵ԲڴţǸʵΪԲ³̫࣬ҪȻҲᱻϳ֮Ϊܡ
ĻХһ˴ҲǴ´ġ
ֻҲһսһлкѦСλǿĸǸһս֮ġ
վХǰʱѹɽ󣬶̧ͷɢĞų͹˵ģҸо³ֶ棬СӵʵΪǿҲΪֵĶ֣ȡܲײãֻĵĽΆɱˣȻ뿪˴ǵˡ
ô³ֶĸ֮УȡǶΆ׼Ҳһ˲飬ҪǴȥƽ֮ϣͷӦģһصҵжд̡
κ˵һ˫неñʧǿ϶ġ
½ȷХ˵˼䣬Х˼Ͼ뿪ҪȡҵͷСӲ³ֶ࣬һʹ֮λȻкܶ˲ҪżһͶ״³ֶʹλʵˣԲŻżҪߡ
㣬˸԰һСҪˡ
½ȷǳǰ첽УȻǸո岽ХͻȻֵȵȡ
½ȷعȥ˵ʹʲôԸ
ɣҸһȥҶϾ¶ͬСɣҪ㣬ʲôХֵ
ðҪˣСӾȻָı⡣
ΆһΪǰʱҲҲ忪߸ѦСߺͻУֱӿŰΆХǵĻȫһˣХһˣ˵ܸɷҪնɱΆ
˴˿һۣû˵Ҹʹһɫʾǿҵɫ¡
½ȷҲ֪ǲХһһ£ʹС¶ȥãΪָ߾ʹ֮λӦִ֣һصЩӥȮɱ¾Ͳˡ
ʥҲ˭ܴܴģѾдȥ֧ԮżǸһµĺá
˵ţХ˲ӣǰ첽ȥǸոҪ뿪ȻҲ׷ȥǵǰ棬СҧŶ䣬֪˵ЩʲôʱʱڻһķŵЦ
֪Ǹ˭͵ˣͲסį
³зֶʱ򣬸Ά˽һ𣬶Ά˵ûĹܣתһүǣһλʹХ죬ǰһô
ХȻͦӦúõĺܣ˵͵ʱʰСӦò⡣
Ҳ֪Ά֪֪ںХĹϵ֮ǰ˴һñӣҲ˸ñӣѭӦˬ
Сǿ˼ԴĹǣһүǶסƸղ˼ײһʱҪһ˵³ֶѾв˶ݵʯȹ¡
ⲢҪǵ飬ڵǸôХ鷳
Ҫ˵ɱɣﻹЩŲ£͸³ռҽ˳ԹǼҪǱˣ³ռҸ֮Ǿ̫ˣȻǲݵľ棬³ҵǲ£ҾҶүүүȥϾǼҶүүڵˣүүƽҲΪҵ˽˶ԹŵҼүӵǰ̣ǾЩ̫ˡ
ߣ֣Ҳһܹɱ˴ˣϾΪ̫ˡ
ԣҪԸֻܰ͵Ϯ䲻һлɢȥȽ鷭ڵ˵
ƽţǿ첽С
˴Լֱ֮һ֮УǴ֮ڽʮƯҲԳ֮Ϊûˣмӻһյˮƣûֻװõġ
ڴвٻ裬ȼţյһƬܻͨвٸ񣬵һ׵
ڴվˣִУһЩ֣Լʮˡ
ǰһƤΣһˣһƤޣһ֣һ߳ŵϵŮ˳ţŮ˱Άشֹ
ֻһۣҾ˳ǸűӴ˵ļһΆ
һûҶӡǰ̣ɻҶϵá
Ҫ⣬ҪܹȥҪЮңͲ
ɱ֮𣬲ܲ
ڿĵһۣҵȼŭ


899 ϶
ŭմͷȼһֱѹŵɱԾľ¶˳޲ͳȥΆЩҺܶζظ棬һȥ͸ΆǰֱͦͦĵѪ֮С
ȻʱһֻͻȻһ£һһ΢΢תͷǻУ΢΢ҡͷʮֵȻ
ңҪŭҪԼϵɱչֳڻǶֵʱ
ҰһԴ˸ո¶ɱ½ȷ
Άһ߳ŵϵĺǵŮˣһֱֵ˵ӲǣЩûõĳӡ
һֱǰХ½ȷȻֳѾϰΪҲ治ɫ
һһֱߵ̨֮£ںܿչֳһĵЦΆ˹ȥһȥͽΆϣ˵ϣҵģôˣЩСƤ϶ûź㣬ȹ죬ٸµĹӡ
˵ţڱ㽫ΆеıӸ˹ͣؿڡ
ʱΆһоģ˺ܶ࣬϶ɢһָϢһƨǻƤ֮ϣһķơ
Ǵҽ鵰֮󣬵䣬ʵࡣ
ϢһΆŽĿ⿴࣬ХʹΪ£
Хһ֣ɫƽ˵Ѿҳһˣݶÿڵ½ȷ˵صĴִѾ֮УȻʮΣ±ǹͨһø⣬ִ֡
žΆһӣ͵һվɫٴα׶ҧݵ˵Ȼˣðӻû鷳ԼˣСɱҽҽң죬ȥ³ֶеľ뱾һͬʬΣ
ΆһҵֵըëĻ𼱻һɼ͵ӡ
˵Άôһ˵Ҹ֮ȷʵв֮𣬼ȻҪֳһ
˵飬˫ɱǵ˱ʧҪĶ࣬𲻱Ҳա
ǣҿȫһʼҵ鷳Ϊƾ³зֶʵԸһճõСֱȻ鲢ô򵥣ΪļһȫǵԤϣ³зֶȫնɱ
룬ʱҪӼһСһЭȫǵʱұɱҲẬ޶ɺ޵ǣǻңصľԮԱʱļʮصˣеǱҵϵģҲҪΪԼ𣬸ҪΪЩΪҲ˱
ҪɱңҲҪɱ֮Ҫһ
ΆŭҪǲαóһѿ˼ͷҪȥХǰһס˵ĪҪļղѾ½ȷ˵ˣʹѾŶٽڱǴڣһصһٶǰ󷨴ܲµģҲ˭˵ܹģߣﻹʥأ֣´ʣȥ׼ȡ
Х˵һЦʲôƨѾˣʥҲͱǿУʹȥҲǸ¾Ʋ˵ģ󲿷˹ƶ޻ء
Х˵лʮģٴһȥСڲϾѾˣʱʰһΆǻյ顣
ҿһԵ½ȷ棬ҵ˼ǰһ˵ʹ˵ļǣôδЩʦڣߣȫĻ˴δ飬õлɳˣһ֮˵زûذ
ȻΆ̫ˣЩ˵ĻȥЩŭ˵УһҪСӣҪȻƽͷ֮ޣԣһ߰ɣ
˵գΆſ첽ǴĳȥеЩҲ߾ۼ
һʱޱ⣬Άһкܶ³ֶʱٶǾ͸ϼˡ
ͻ䣬ǿߵſڵʱѦСߺͻʹһɫǾ϶ֵ˼


900 ·⣬һս
ѦСߺͻҲĬĳҵ˵ͷʾȻ
ɢվΆХΪȽϸߣʮѶԸɻкѦС˸ţһҿʼ֣Ҳͬʱѡ
½ȷ棬һֱֵķؼʱ̣ǲҲûиʲôֻҪʱˮѾǸĪİˡ
ڴ֮ǰѦСѾлɢ½ȷΪͨһж磬޷ǲûʲô̫в
ǿٵĳŴĳȥſڻʮ׵ľʱҿ첽ǰһƾͳΆĺ˹ȥ
СġҵıͻȻ˷˶ߣѵ
ǸŮ˵ģһſұ˳ڡ
ʱ򣬽Ҿ˼ƿ죬аҴ˹
һΪ֮ǰ㶯ֵģһѾصΆĺ֮ϣΆ޷һƳԵĺܽʵ³һѪǰ˷˳ȥԶӲص˵ϡ
һȥҼó˰˳ɵĹڣ϶ˣҲû˻֮
ĳȥһƵͬʱҵӾǰһ׳İֱҵžͷ˹ȥֱǶ˲Զʯ֮ϣ졣
ҲǸֶκŮˣҴӵϷ𣬻ͷһڣųŴſڿ񱼶ȥ
һϵеĶĺܿ죬Ҳڶ̶̵ʱ䡣
ҸһֵһɲǼ䣬кѦСҲˣǱȽֱ˵ģһ㽫ϵϽ𲧸Ū˳ХԴ˹ȥҿֵǺأĿӦǽХιȥ
Ͻһ׳ΧĿռʱһ͵Ľ֣ˡˡһ죬ٶȶȻӿ죬Хž˹ȥ
ѦССӸֱӣһлɢͳХ˹ȥǵصһƬմȾХϣǴ޽ɣҲˡ
ڻкѦСֵ߳ͬʱѾǴĴſڣڸղŽʱѾϸ۲ΧĲ֣֮еһһأӦǿͷϵʯŵģһأʯžͻֻܹ򿪣Ҫͺˡ
ڼȻѾһȻҪŪܴĶͨһ·֮϶вٺˣΪ˲Щ˽߹Ŵ򹷣ֻʱʯŷգǽ˽ˣ취ӳȥ
Ҳûа취İ취Ŀǰ˵ǶΪһַʽ
ҵֺܿ촥˻أڴһˣʵҲȷ͹ģ̳ɰĶǲǿʯŵĻأֻŬһԡ
ǰʯͷ֮Ұ˳ʱšһ£ͷϱ㷢ˡǡĻ죬ת֮䣬һһҵʯֱӴӰ֮пٵۡһ죬涼΢΢һ¡
ĳ·ˡ
ʯҵԳһ
ڵǣ֮⣬бҴ˵ΆԼХ졢ں֮еʮˣвȻХ죬
˭˭Ӯֻĸһ֪ܲ
½ȷ˿ȫԹߣǶֵһɲǼ䣬Ѿ㵽Զ
ҷյʯţͷХǱȥʱ򣬶ʱЩĿɿڴˡ
ХǸʮǿĶ֣гХȥϽ𲧲ûԸԳϣҵĵطأ죬ѡ
ѦС߳ȥЩлɢɢֱ˳ȥЩлɢûХϣѦСһģʮǱ
ѦСߵǲлɢһֱнⶾİ취
Хŭһһ˦䣬ͷϵϽ𲧶ʱԭ·أŻеķ˹ȥ
˳һӣϽ𲧳У̫أнסϽ𲧵ʱ򣬻˼סΡ
һһֱӽͭǮǬ˱˳ͷһף˱ͭǮ󣬻һɢХ˹ȥ
ͬʱҼеĽ꣬һɫĳԾȻᡱȻһ죬һ֮һ粽ͳХĺĴ˹ȥ
ƺǸܵ˾޴ΣХתͷһ֮ɫҪſ˵ЩʲôǼʮöͭǮЯϰٵͭǮ㳯ߺȻ¡
Х춸Ȼһȫĵ


901 ·ѡ
͸ԸѦСߵһлɢһ㣬ۿЩͭǮͭǮҪХϵʱʮףȻ̲ˡ
Х죬һҹĿ࿴ϳֿܹסǿͭǮΪǿΪֲ
һҪջıշȻϣ˼ҺüһһϱȻγˣһȣǻǲһϡ
ƴ·ʤµʱ򣬺ֶζ࣬Ҳ࣬һвУǻкеš
ͭǮͭǮХǰʮ׵ĵطͻȻˣأ죬һʼźɣƬ֮ҷХ¶һ˿Ϊ̵ɫ
Ȼһ¿סⱱͭǮҲǸɵĻơ
ڱͭǮХʱҵĽŲٴŲ˽꣬Хɱ˹ȥ
Хվԭһɫǵͨ죬ͻȻһȣĵųҵķһ̣ЩǰͭǮͭǮ͵һ±ŪĞųĵ˳ߴ˹
㳡ҵĽŲû˿ͣ٣Ž곯Х˹ȥ
ͭǮҵģҵķǣӶϻµ׳ңͲ°ɣҲЩֶεģЩĵɹͭǮͭǮûдϣǱǣųӵ˹ȥȫʯ֮ϣ졣
һХһ㶣滹иӿֲĺеХ컹߰ףо޿ɱܵʱ콣еĻ㾦ʽҼ˳һɫĹѸײڶ֮ƴӽϱŷ˳ֱӳХС˹ȥ
Х뵽⽣껹ֶΣŵɫ䣬סҲݣ
Ȼ𾪣Хսľ黹ʮַḻģһҲңżһ棬Ʈɶȥ˫ֿٵ˼־һŷۺɫ÷һ̫ͼ͵һ±˳ǰһ״뽣֮ϵǵɫײһ𣬷һ޴ĺ
ʱ䣬ۺɫ÷裬ɢ֮Уһζɢ
һ³ռҵľѧ÷֮ǰ³ֵʱҲʶǲΪ档
ͻȻһУХ컹ǳ˲ٿѿĞųֱӸ˳ȥڿһ䣬ײ˴֮еһϣӶײѺۣſסΡ
Х췢һƺߣͨ죬һſ³һڴѪ˿ѪĭӣȻ˰ˡ
ѾٵĶ˼غϣЩ˲ŷӦʮˣŰΧм䣬ҺѦСԼХΧм䣬ΆѾ͵Ϯһƣʣˡ
˵ΆСǹģεı͵ϮһÿζܳɹһΣڶ鵰ξ͵Ҫ
ⲻܹңҪ־͹Ά˵ŭͷԣ
һΧסһʱ˭ûٶ֡
һ֮Х۾Žңʵ֪˭ˣ
ҺٺһЦЩ˵Ҿڲ֪ǲЩ̫ˣ
ҵȷ֮Хɫʱͺٴʵôģ
˵ôģȻǴҡڵ߽ģǷϻ𣿡
˵³ֶɭϣôҵģХٴʵ
һתٺЦνèèûв͸ǽֻҪһܹҵģҪ˵³ҵģŻǲţ
˵Х͸ˣȻôܣҴǿ϶ģſڴƻƣ
Ų㣬Ҷ˵ˣ͸ף֮ǰ³ˣӦ³ֶ沢ΪѣֻΪɱΆѣʶĸϽ㿪ñһѪҪʵҲɱ㡣ҵ˵Ϊ֮ѹХһͷ
ȻХСӲһףǰһ۾ٴοң˵ƿСȻ̫ͷ϶񰡣ˣû˸Хǰ˵Ļˡ
СүǰϣҾһ仰ôǸϽ·ѡҸװȵĻᣬһžž
Ҳ˼ңֻҶ³ռȷʵûʲôøУХȻҲʲôö꣬͸Άñӡ


902 ִݻ
ȻҲΆÿϧΆҲǴ˼͵ŮˣǸŮҲǷ˵ĲУҲпڹХ죬ϾΆСӱ˵ѾûֹܣŮػѡ
ЩҲֻ̽Х˿ǰװȣʵܲˣȻϣХǱռһƣҲ̫η壬ܹģҲХ˶ѣʮΆĻһû޷ǹͷİˡ
֮ƴԶǿռݾԵƣҪǿʵ˭ȭͷӲ˭Ӯ·ʤ
һʼȷʵХĴɵǸղһ֣ƾһˣմһЩˣХҲôһ¶³أο߻лкѦСλʵǿļһ
СǣȷЩ£ϾǸŮˣǵвҲ̫
ôһ룬ǺҲ൱¹˭ֻһء
ԣХа塣
ҸХһڵǷâذףֱðӣ˭Ҳ˭һ
ʱһֱվХߵͻȻһЦϸָ֣˹һ۵С磬ô˼𣿴³зֶһֱ׷³ֶ棬˼ô˦ˣǲǾϴûܸūҹÿϧҪȻūҸߵˣòð
ȥɶ˼СƤǼ˾͹ֻĿ֮£Ҳ˼˵ĳ
ɶӦԶĻгҿһۣЦаСţû㻹Ǹ֣黨ǲݣСǶжӣǴǹõˣ
ǰǰСţҿСǳĲһĹǣź˵ֶο϶õĳ棬ʹ߰ɣҲôˣðѦСҲ˻ǻһ˫۾ͣĳǸСǵɨɫԵӡ
ǴסͲӣһҲǡ
ҿڣû˵Ǵү̸¶һȥ˵ϲ۸ŮˣҪǵۣ˿ɱҾүĺִݻ
ѽ˼ԽԽϲأζ㲻Ҫ˼˼ƫҪ㣬ѹòðһ˺üۣʱҹͷЩֵġ
ҵ찡ôҪŮˣһ취ûС
Ůˣô˵أȻʲôŮˣҲûʲô£³зֶʱ򻹰һѣʵûҪɱɡ
ǣ˵⻰ʱ򣬻кѦСҲһЦĿңͣĳҼüŪۣӲ˳
УѾľôǸУСҲβȡ
ѦСҾͲ˵ɶˣҲһҪĻ
εӣһԵХɫԽĺˣ֪ǲǱڸġ
дǼƿСȻ۸ϷͷˣϷҪѵѵЩСӣ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
Хŭˣ׵ıǼ˸ŭˡ
Ǽ˴һһֱûУڸХĸƴʱ򣬻ģΪڽЩͷХܹܵסֱӴһקһ߽ڱޣһ죬֮һƵը졣
ֶΣ
³õǾŽڱޣХõ߽ڱޣ֪ûʲôһ³
߽ڱ޶֮Х˵ֱӶͷͳҴ˹
ͬʱΧߵʮҲʼ֣һͬ˹
ХӲӿ϶Ȼû˵
ںʣµʮº򽻸˻кѦСߡ
һ˲䣬ֵľ󣬻ײ
Х콫߽ڱ趯ˮһ㣬ܲ͸磬죬ƺܹĦֲҲҽ߽ڱֵķΧ֮ڣֻв˺Զȸһɨȫƽض𣬽ذשƷЯһɫĽХϯȥ
Х첽ƽǵһߣֱӱ߽ڱ׾ٵĻˣָһл㾦ĿѴ˹ȥ
һΣХϳ˿Ӳӣֱɢ˹ȥһ೯˹
õģ׷ĺܽܵʱ
˼һ֣̽Ǭ˱֮УֱӼҵɱﵡ
ɰɣʦ֣ɻʱ䵽ˡ
ʦִ׳һߣֱӳХ˹ȥ


903 ʲô
Х׷ҺܽȻ俴һֺԲĶ˹ȥʱһе߽ڱһһ޻ҶȥĶʦֱӾסҪ
κҶȥĶʦֱ߽ڱ޾סʱ򣬲ĵ˹ʱԼĴ˯ĺúõģֱС˶ɻˡ
ʦַӦҲʱХ콫ȥϡ䡱һȼһ֮˳߽ڱ޿ٵĳХ˹ȥ
ʱХٴαҸ̸һһҿʲô
˵ţе߽ڱһ˦ʦָ˦˳ȥ֪һ²ƫУýʦ˦һ˵Ļ
Ǻ˫ֱס˶ʦ֣ûôһ¶ʦɢͽǺ˸סˣ䡱һ죬Ǻҽжûüһ͵˵ϣӱˤķѣգۼֻ˻ҽ
ղŻһˣӵʱͱճӣҷ
Ӿ˵Ŀ־޷ģ˭ҲЩܲˡ
Хе߽ڱ޻ȼŻ棬˼ȻҲһ˲÷ƿӵϵʱ߽ڱͻȻһ֮ǻһһȥջΪΡ
һΣ˶ʦֵߣʱĶʦֲѹ˻ԴתͷһۣĽһʮԹӣȻǹҴΡ
Сһƽʱ̰˯Ǹøɻʱ򣬻ǲţҪȻҶԸХ컹鷳ĺܡ
Хƴʱ򣬻кѦСҲˣѦСӦսڣõǰѾ¼ĻľڶһţõһѲܳҶ죬ͬߣѦСս൱ѦС߳еǰѻľϻҩΪҪǮƵһһѵĻƵڲҽֻζѦС߻ЩռϷζ
һͣԸЩԭڴ֮иһںˣЩ˵Ȼ֮࣬ʵ̫󣬻нϽ𲧼ҷ裬ս첻һӣ˱Ͻ𲧴ţѪɽԽӶ˳
Ϊ˾ĽսԮ֣һԸХ죬ֵʮ׺Ͻ𲧲ϷͬʱŭĿմؿڴ˳һѽĽ䵶Ҳһ·ֱײ
ǵűһһЩҵǲ̫ģܹоԸХ졣
ʱҲƴˣХǸҪ³ռҵϣҲΪѣҧסҲˣұƼˣҲŲʲô³ռң˭סҵ·ҾҪ˭¶û
Х쿴һߵĶʦ֣ɫһ࣬Ǵлеĺֻޣ
ͦ۹⣬ûһҲаʮȸħճһ̿Ҫǲ
ôһǸδϧˣҲգϷɱ㣬һˡХ۾һУе߽ڱһһΣٴγҳ˹
ȥôôʲô˶ҵĶʦ֣ҪԶʦֶ˼˶ûʲô³
Хɱڵĳ˹Ҳ΢΢Ľ꣬ʦһӭХ˹ȥ
ȴûϵХڳߵʱͻȻƮۺɫĻ꣬ƣô˿С꣬һƯŮӵߣǿ϶ǺÿĲУǰȴһͷʵǲôۡ
ƮХ÷ԽԽ࣬һ̫ͼ
ۿŻʮ׵ʱХͻȻͣסˣһ־һƣһ̣Щ÷ͻȻֿٵķɢЯƿ֮һԵĳɢ
һƬƬС꣬һͻȻͱɱȵӻҪĶֻǸѿ죬ľ
ʶģͣ˽ŲٴμͭǮȻ߶˱ͭǮ󣬷ٵͭǮ÷Ȼȥ
оЩףȻʩչջֶΣһǰϣסҵ
ʦͷ࣬Ųǰʲôɽ𺣣׼Х죬ֱӳ˹ȥ˲㱻Щ÷û˻֮С
ͬʱͭǮ߶ǼٵͭǮҲǴƬǵһ÷ײһ


904 ľ
ǱͭǮԵһХŪ÷ײһʱ򣬲չֳͭǮײһ޻ϣ˲ΣЩɢ÷ЩʯϣֱӾǶ˽ȥ
Ϊ³ռҵĿҾѧ÷׽ʱ뵶ʱ޻һиɻĸо
ҵͭǮ֮׷ɵķۺɫ÷ٴλһ𣬳ϺȻײһ֮£һ߽⣬űǵڶжȥ÷һʣЩ÷ײڵϵʱѾоʮѹо˷ĞϢͬʱңһ޴ӵĸоȻҾ;ԼǱһʻĿȻײһ£ȻƮɶص˵ϣѪӿһѪʱ˺ͷһֱһѪ
ҵܣЩ÷׷£жȥеһЩͨĻѣûʲô֮
Хٴγҿ첽ٴ־ܵĞųһαķݣϵ÷˲ڿն𣬳˹
СšһͻȻȻҿ˻еϽ𲧶ȻƮɵҵͷ֮ϣٵתһʱâţЩԭ÷꣬ʱϽ۹ȥƺϽһصЩ÷˽ȥ
ХŭһΣ㵽ǵߣһӾͳϽ𲧳˹ȥ
ҲǴˣ˿һѪ߰ߣ֪ԼѪЩ˵ѪûȥͷϵϽ𲧣˽ħƣֱӳХĿ˹ȥ
ХһӽϽ𲧾ͳĸһƵģײһϣϽȥӶײһӣʯĴŽ
ڻд̹ĽħƣХҲûзֻǽŲ΢΢Ųһ£һΣһֻһƾ˻еļ
һƺߣҲһ㣬ߵڵϹȦͣ
ëûļһȻϷǰҰǼļգХ߽ڱޣһ˵Ğųٴνڽһĵ̤˫־Щɢڵϵ÷ٴڿն𣬻м⵶һ㣬һεĳҺͻ˹
Х쿴ҪŴˣһʹҺͻиܵһѹܵ÷귭ݣһĪǿĞųǣţȻ٣һֽиƬĸо
æҪŪϣȻЩΪʱ
ĵ͹ХʵΪƺ³ҪһЩ
ҺͻΪҪЩ÷֮µʱһɫĹâȻǵͷϣЩݵ÷ͻȻı˷򣬳â˹ȥ
һεɵۣϸһ֪ͷϵǵâǱģѦСߵǰѻľѻľɲ򵥣ǧ껱ĽַӡһСµһʦ־ԪҢƳķνһ
ѻľܹƲľ֮ΪãХ÷ȻԲٿصȴЩ÷ֻҪǲľֲѦСߵǰѻľܹס
˿̣ѦСߵǰѻľȻǵͷȻХŪĴ˲ŪĿȫǣûκв֮ѦСһ֣ǻľٴУǻľ֮Ѿ˺һ÷ˮͰһ㡣
ѦС˫ǻľĽӶڲһͨ죬Ϊ𾪵վڲԶХ죬ѦСеĻľһ˼ɫ૵˵⡭ôܡ
ѦСһȣеĻľ߸߾һȻ£Щ˷׷꣬ɻľָţֱӳХײ˹ȥ
Хֵ֮࣬ѦСһ̫أХ켴˻ҲЩ÷׮һţӳŴſڵķ˹ȥ
Һͻ໥վһܱߵֵ֮Ϻ˵ʮʬҶ֪ʲôʱģҲͻȻʧˣҲ֪ܵȥ
һȥѦС۵ͷ󺹡
СߣʱСƤأʵ
ȥһлɢŴϱˡڳ֧ԮǡѦСЩ˵
˵ǱѦС߸ɷڵصХǽٴվ


905 ʯź
Хվ֮ӻΣٴγ˹ڴʱǸʯͻȻһ춯صĺ֮оضҡΡ
ҲЩվȣӵײײЩԵڵء
ȥʲô
һ޴ĺ󣬽ִʯ黩ڵصҳǴ޴ĵطȥʱһ֮ǰҷյʯţǱըҩըˣôһڣ³ֶĺ˴Ƕڴ롣
ѾˣȻ顣
ôĿں׵СǾȻըҩʯţѵͲ½Сȥˮ˭ôҲ
ǸХ춷ôһҲ֪ʲôҸоǺ֪ƭǣʯͻȻرգǵľ֮һԤ֮飬ֱӽʯŸȥ
鷢ʮͻȻվſڴХ춼סˡ
˶ȦʱͻȻһ˵λүܹӳȥ
˻ͷһǱЮֹ½ȷվһʯĺڳ֡
ͷӦ˹ŲԶڵ֪ΆһۣѦСߺͻе²˳٣Άߣȥ½ȷϣסХˡ
СţҪһߣҪһƲֵܶ¶Ҹɲ߰ɣﶪСг
ǡһߡѦСҲ
ϻߣа취סǣ˵䣬ǵ֣ٴԾȻǰ汼˼Ǭ˱ｫéɽ˳
ղŻһɱʮˣвٻȫʬҴ߶éɽ壬ʬڵϲƬ̵ĹЩʬӵϵͷָףȫ˽ʬ߾£
кѦСҲǽˣִˣæȥ͵Ϯ˵Άӵͳ½ȷǱ߿첽ȥ
Ҵ߶éɽ壬ǼʬɽʬʱХҲѾӦ˹ЩԴԴӿĺ˵ȥ׷ϣһܷߣ
˵ͬʱХҲ߱˹к߽ʬХ˹ȥ
ĹѾʮ˴ǻڴ˽һ˴󺰵ǣɱСӾ
˵䣬ʮѾһʮ׵ľ룬ҸҪ֣ǰͻȻһǲǰХûûĶʦ֣һϻһЩ꣬һ֮һźɫС˳ֱǰһƮ˹ȥ
Ǻ˻ɵ㶵еĿСնһ֪СֱӵȼǺ˵Ĵ󵶣˲ӵϣǺʶĽеĵ˳ȥм߱ĺ˲ȥҲǻסˡ
ʦ³ĻԪϵҪٱ˲γһǽǰļ֮ھͱճһŻҽ
Щӿĺһ龰׷ŵĲϺˡ
ХҲٿصǼ߽ʬסȥ·ΪٸߣһʱҲ޷Ǽ׺Ľʬſ¡
æͷߣһʦ֣ʦֻսź˺ü֮һŸһѦСߺͻеȥ·׷˹ȥ
ǰ˼һʱ仹巽ʱѦС߻еĻľҴСţߣ
һͷһۣ߽ʬѾХɷڵأʦֵԪҲѾȼմߺϲһһ߱˹
ҲƬ̵ͣЪѦСǱ߿񱼶ȥԼ֮ҿкѦС߾վһڵķ򣬳֣붼û룬ֱӾߣʦֽҲ˽
߸һԱߵ½ȷʹ˻أһصʯžͷһХЩȫ档
һƨ˵ϣϢգһͽˡ
Сţǿߣ˵һǻҪըҩըʯţǸϿ취ȳȥ˵˵ţ㽫еϽ𲧳ʯԱһװô˹ȥʯ֮䣬ǻر㱻ƻˣǷ˴ͨ
һܣִ˴ҲһͨڣһƬҲ֪ͨδ̲סʵİ
үҲ֪ģղҿ˴ܽȥˣһ·Ծһˡ½ȷһԵ


906 ͨ
ˣ
³ֶζ˲ǸղŸѦСƴ
ΆǸͷ
һѦСߵС߸磬ղʲôֻŸХƴˣûע⵽ǱߵĶСôʹŴˣ
ˣСƤֶεһ㣬ֻͻĸһôץסҾͳ˺ܶлɢȥһЩһֵΪСƤ֪УͳŴϱӴˣȻҿжХˣûľǵһ£һת۵ĹСƤͲӰȻ½ȷ˵ӽҲ࡭ѦСЩƵ˵
һܣִ˴ֻһСȣȻ˹ģʮּªֻݵ˲ͨںһƬ͵ƶûС
нϵΆ˵ϣһܣЩǵ˵ͬɣԼ·Ҳ·ĻֻܻıĻǻŸʹʹĴһϣ
Ҿòᡭ
ʱиС˵
ǼͬʱĿ⿴½ȷ棬֪ν͡
½ȷЩڨڨһЦ˵λүС³ֶ꣬³ֶĴ֮һͨרãֻͨжҶʹ֪ΪˣӦҲ֪ͨҾпطֱͨͨĳܵբڡ
һ˵Ǽٴ˻Ȼʵĸо˵ֿܣҲһɵŮˣӵȻӵԭԼͬꡣ
ǸŮˣû̫ĺøУҲֻһп޵ĽɫûҪɱ˼ҲŲӵֻҪܹųȥС
һͻȻ½ȷ棬ٺЦ½ȷ棬ĺܺðղڴ֮УХڣΆԹŮҲڣ⻹ô¸ڳȫԷˮģôõĻᣬΪʲôϧأ
½ȷ˵ү˵ЦˣȻҽǴ³ֶѾ³ֶ棬ǸղŷˮҲʲôùӳԣҲ˵ХܲɱǣǽλҲɱˣ˽ᣬˣһҲһͽ·һû˵Ҳ벫һѣѣСѾֳ㹻ĳ⣬һλүˣɱǶҵĳŵá
㾡ܷģҴڣ˵Ļǿ϶ֻǱ˽ֲǳ͢ˣȡкãظƱ
¾Ͷлλʦˣ仰Сľͷˡ½ȷϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
Ȼаѻ˵ݶˣҲѦСҲûʲô˵ģСĵȷԡ
Σ˵취ʯأǻҪǰߣͨľͷʲôطܹܲȥ
Ǽһ£ǰߣ뽫ǻȥΆѣһأҲûʱ䣬ȳȥ˵
ҸղЩˣҲХһƣҪһ㽫ΆѦС߱ţǰ棬Ǵ·
һܳͨһ˴ԼӣûҵڣطĲ·֪ͨʲôط½ȷ֮ǰҲû˭֪һ·Ǽȫ£ֱѡмһ·첽С
м·߰˷ӱ㵽˾ͷǸͬ
ǵǰֳһʯţʯһųصţǣʯ滹ྫķģǰʯ˷ӡƾҪ򿪣Ʋһ׵顣
ǼվʯǰЩɵˣ֪ôźˡ
ķţ֮УһｫȨϡ
Ƕңҹø⡣
ԥƬ̣ߵʯԱߣһʯϵķӡõģʲôһʶ·ѧĶͲһ֪ô򿪡
ǲʯӣҸоýĻӦܹ
˫ؽƣ϶ǸǳҪڣ˵һڣҪ۷ȥĳ·ûʱ䣬ҲûǸˣҪӳȥΨһĳ·
ĥŵ׸ôʱͻȻ䣬Զˡ¡¡һ죬ռҵĶһ£ʯĵ
ȥըҩˡ
ǸղŹǸͨҲըҩըˣٹʮӣǾͻ׷


907 ˫ؽ
һХŴ³ֶǶͬֻһХ죬㹻ͷ۵ˣټ³ֶЩ֣Ǿ·һ
ңﻹըҩҪǶһϵֵҲá
ô죿
һըҩƵ죬Ǽ˶ͷһ𣬳׵ĽǵĶ
УСߣ취ʯϵӴ򿪣ҿܲܽ⿪ʯϵķӡХѾ˿ٸϹˣûг·ֻܴ߳ȥҵϣһ
ãôˡѦСߺͻͬ
˵䣬ѦС߱㽫ΆһĶ˵ϣ뻨һȥŪӣߵʯԱߣʯϵķϸһ㿴ʮ룬Ҳûпʲôŵ
ѦСߺͻиó˷ʯӺݺݵĿ˹ȥľͻеĽħһͨͿֱðӣȷһڶûп
½ȷȥһۣЩε˵λү׷ѹˣģ쳣ӲķҲκβ
ҴչȥϸһҲɶźӣȴмֲ꼤˳˼ɨǧʽһͿ£ȴչȥʱҲǶ˼ǳǳĻڶѣȥһȥҲն
꣬Ǻã
ڴʱԶѾһٵĽŲХŵ˿ѾǲԶˡ
ǼЩתȻ䣬ҿ˶ڽĶʦ֣жʱһϲͷҺһʦ֣ʦƤҿһָۣӣ˵ȻͻһԪܲܽӸջ
ʦƺҵ˼˻Դ˶˶Сӣ󽫾ƵģСķߵʯǰ棬һ̧ͷһſڣһССĻͷɵϡ
䡱һ죬Ԫϣһ͵ϢӭƵǼ˶˺˼
֮󣬵ȥʱ򣬷ѾһźɫˮʯŶյͨ졣
һĻ޲ĿɿڴһĿŶʦ֡
ʦ˷ȥعһԪ³ȥ֮󣬵ſ£ִһǷ˯ģʲô鶼ûһ㡣
ʲôţȣǡ
ʦջ֮ʣµıʯ֮ϵķˡ
֪ǲǱƵģǣͻȻ뵽Ǭ˱װŵķʬⷨҪɷ֮Ȼһķ߷ӡһĪΪֹǣʬܹҵۣȻ̽ȥάַӡȥ߽ⷨ⡣
ʬ߱ó֮ϴϵķŴ߶ĩ˵Сһ˸ⶫʯŵ߶˷ʮӣʬʯŵһ쳣Ƿʬĩ˵СͻȻ̲ˣĳԺѪ
붼û룬ֱӽʬ̽˹ȥʯ֮ϣһ֮£ʱľʯϵһķͻȻɢһŨĺɵĹʯ֮Ʋ
ֹ˼ӣЩʯϵķı㶸Ȼ䲻ˡ
ɹˣ
˷ʬߣѦСߺͻжʱһ½ȷҲϲѡ
ʣµľǽʯŸݻ٣ʯһƻǾͿӳȥˡ
ǻʲô˵ģǼ˸˺˼ԼĿҾѧȫʹ˳
ҽ㾦ɨǧʹãʯ֮ϲһĴˣʯɣнϽ𲧼𣬶ȻҲʯײ˹ȥ
ѦСǻľʯ֮ϵ̦޺ʯϵķ϶
۵֮ܵУĹǳصʯűǧٿףۿžҪȥ
ǿҪɹʱ򣬶ȻҸоȻһ־޴ΣУ͵Աһ㣬Ҷɵҵžͷ˹ȥòʯ֮ϡ
ǸСƤȻ͵ϮңҶɵõİ
תͷȥڲ֪ʲôʱǵ˿Եʮ־֣Ҳû֮ǰ欣Щܻ˵ǼɱļһҪʲô
ĸϽҪΪǸŮҾͲɱ㣡ŭ˵
ͻȻһţǼĹѾǳˣʯźȫǺˮһʯű飬Ƕ棬ԼҲܣﲻһ


908 
ȥ
ǳˣ
ʲôʱأ
ڵһ仰ǼͬͷȣȻ侪ѡ
תͷ½ȷ棬ʵǳˣ
½ȷҲһ㶣Ƭ̣һ˵ǰҪǶѣҲ飬ڵȷǳʱ䣬ʯźӦȫǺˮˡ
½ȷĻû˵꣬ԶͻȻһٵĽŲХżʮ˳ǵǰվһԴԴϵĺ˳ӿ˹Ǻô̡
ХһǼ˱ͬķЦǼС󣬾»ҵ³ֶԲǽܰҿǾܹܵȥ
۾Х죬֮ɱһһٵ˵յģҲү³ֶ沢ΪѣΪҴӦ³ɱ㣬Ǳɱǰɣ
²󣬿ǲСʲô;;ʹҿ㾿ôɱҡХɵЦ
Х˵⻰ͬʱߵĺü˶۹⿴ǴӦ³κ³ֶλҵģһʼҲ˵ֻХС̫ףȫҸˣẦԼẦ³ռҡ
Ŀ֮£˵ХĴ³ֶλãԺХ϶һص첻ȥˡ
Ҳܻ³ռҴԵĴ
ǽľĻ
³ռҵٴҲ޷һص⡣
ң¼ҹһǻû̫İ취
һжҪХŵ֮²Żᷢ
ѾˣҪ˴˿³ֶİࡣ
ݲ
յģ㲻ҪôɱǺãھ㿴˵գҽеĽ߸߾ͬʱ֮е߶Ϊǿĵزҧָ˾ѪһĨ˽֮ϣǽ죬ûκζ㷢һۻ֮֮ϣâʢɫתصķ֡
㶯ʱѦСߺͻпٵĳ߿£˹½ȷһѳ˵ϵΆҲҵߣȻ֪ҪʲôûѡҪվһ
Х쿴еĽ꣬ɴ۾ЩηĿңʶһһ֣Լǰһϡ
ΪҪеĽԸǾʹشˡ
еĽ꼤Ϊ貵ĵز֮͵һתһʷõΪƯҲһл㾦ŷ˳
ʹǽĽ֮ϣһһСɫ籡ֱӴǲƲʯš
ôһɫĹԼˣþѪ߶콣ΪˣҲ˲ˡ
һɫĹݺݵײʯ֮ϣΪѹյһݡ
ʯŷˡ¡һ죬Ȼо޴ˮʯźӿ˽ֹǧ
Ūôһ֮˺׼֮ǰ³ֶ֮һԣϸıˮ飬˴ó
Ҵ߶˱ˮ飬ǱˮſٵһԲĹĵ͸ݳǼ˰УǿˮǱˮ鼷һʯͷ϶ǼֱӸǿˮ֮⣬ȫ
ˣǾޱˡ
ϱˮסǵʱʶĻͷХǱ߿һۡ
ҿХޱȾԼЩ˾ֵı顣
һ̣Ǿ޴ˮͳֱӽ˳ɢƮ㣬Щ˻ײʯͷϣɥˡ
֮䣬ҾʲôˣȫǺڳĺˮ͹ཱུݣкɳǵŪһƬģ
Ҳ֪˶ãǺˮӿƺС࣬ǸƵʯŵķй͸˹ܹһЩˡ
͸ˮ飬Хղվķȥǵط˼ʬ֮⣬˶ˣҲ֪ˮ嵽ʲôط
ֱӽ³ֶһբڸˡ
³ֶǶˮ׵һƿӣҴһǺ֪ƿӶᱻˮ
³ֶԲСǵµĿռ佫ԵĹˮطҲֱӷϵˡ
л³ֶˣնᱻΪļբѾˡ
³ֶԽԺ󣬽ڡ
ҲģֻҪɱΆɣҪ־͹Х콫ұƵ˾Ҳò


909 Ѫ
Ǽڱˮξ޴ĽѣղźˮӿʱƵĳ棬ʵ𺳵ĲС
ͻȻоȻ֮ǰǰСͲһ
һж䶨ʱǼ˲ųһ˶ȫˡ
ХһҲ֪ûУҾϣЩã
Ҳ˲ôˣǵȵһжƽʱ򣬱뿪ӳ³ֶΧ
³ֶϳûˣԺҲܽ³ֶˣֻһΧҲȫһռӡ
һֱǴһ½ȷ棬棬ӶĲУòŷӦ˹˵Ͷصĳݣǿҵ񣬸Ǿһ㡣
ˣλүǼֱ֣Ǹүȥ³ֶ涼ǸݻˣСңԼûվӣҪȻ϶Ҳһ㣬û֮ˡ½ȷ湰ֵ
Сӵȷˣߴˣȥ֮СӴɶЦʵ
СĻûСڼǰһ³Сߣ϶ˮ߿أڣҲ֪Ǹɶģ֪ԭаһصһôȥˣҲ֪Լڸɶڼҿ϶ǻزȥˣϾһص꣬ȥ֮ƾͻᱻص˶ϣȥΣԺҲֻҸûϵҵĵطһˡ½ȷЩ޿˵
Ǽ˶ûлӦҲ֪˵ɶá
ʱҵĽŲͻȻһ£ͷһԭǶʦڳҵĿţ¼һ˿Щɪɪϸһ룬˹ʦǻеĻޣǻԣµӦþˮˡ
ˮ棬ҲµĲУˣֻýʦֱװǬ˱֮С
װʦֵʱҿߵΆһ·գ̫Ŵ̼Ҳˡ
Сӳһƣһں޷֮£ƺء
ҲǹߵģζǱ͵ϮһθңͶ˰
ʼûĿģֻΪɱΆҪõһЩõϢ
һѽΆƣǶѪȻǣСӸû
ؿڻš
֮£ҿһѦСߣ˵С߸磬취Ūѡ
¶ð졭ѦС߳ҺٺһЦ˼˼£֮µΆƺһԺ۾ȻͿһӵجΡ
֮ΆŵĻһ㡭˭ղ͵Ϯҡ
ҶʱˣСӵڶ֪˭ҵϻһƤߣƤ߻ǼƯĴ椳ҵġ
ǺҾͽƤ߳Ά¶һЦ
һƤժңΆıʱľҲ˵ʲô飬Щ⣬ЩţǸĻĿ־塣
⡭ôҵطġΆ
þòζһ˰ɣЩʱգʱ޿̣ÿÿ붼㣬ǽּˣǻϲĺţҺȻЦ
ΆѾҪˣӲĳźĺǻУӵȥأ
㡭ҪɱҡҽͽѾɱˣԼҲ㵽㾿ҪΆ˳
ζ£أȷһ飬ĻشҪĻҲɱ㣬Σ΢Ц˵
ץס˾һ㣬ҵΆʱ۾һȲʵģ
ģ黹桭ҵ
֪ʲôֻҪ֪ģҿ϶˵Ά
ҵŮˣ³зֶ棬Ҿʮֺ棬֮ǰҲûʲôҲûм棬ôһŮѵ飬׽˺ܶ඼֪㾿ô֪أҵʵ
û룬Ҹʳ⣬ΆɫͱЩƲ֪ôڡ
ǲ˵ˣǺãҲ֪ˣȥɣ˵ţһץסΆӣǽƾͳԴϿȥ
Άˣæ˫˵үүҲ˵ֻǸ˷Ѫģκ˵˵˾ͻ᲻úҲ֪߷ѪģΥˣܴܺġ


910 ϣ
ζˣѪѾӦˣ㲻ú˵ţҽеĽһΆһֻͱҸһҺѪֹ
Բ˵ҾͽежֱŪһ˹ֱ˵Ϊֹҿֵܼʲôʱ򡭡
˵УҽΆֻĶ䶪һԣҪȥһֻ䣬ŵĴүܹⷬûҿʼ֣ΆѾڵˣүүˡ˵ʲô˵
ҷкܶļͷԵͷǲ˵ģ㿴˼½ȷ棬ʲôֶζûʹԼԹԵʲô˵ˣǻĺúõģҺٺЦ
⻰˵½ȷһ죬ЩΣ϶룬꣬ɶûɣҲǹ
Άʱŷ߻վһ½ȷ棬תͷȥ½ȷһۣʱһȻǴҡ
ž
ΆĻһƾ˦˹ȥΆһ
ѾıҳԼСˣвˣҲ֪˭˵˭ָʹôɵģ
ζͱӲˣ³ֶ涼λүˣڻǱҪαضԿͷʲô˵ˣХѾˣҲָܹ㡭½ȷҲһԴñ߹ġ
Άһʵûа취ˣ̧ͷһ֣صĿҵҿԸ㣬Ҳ֤˵Ļģ뷢ѪģҸ֮㲻ɱҡ
΢һܿͷ˵ãҷѪģ
˵ţҸָԼüĴŻһ£ָ죬һ֣ص˵췢ģһص³Ά˭ǺףҾԲһëΥԣúλڳ˶֤
ѪģٴοΆ˵˰ɣ
ԡΆӦһҪſ˵Щʲôұֹ˵ȵȣСҲøҷѪģ˵ĻƭңҪ֪˭֪˵Ǽ١
ΆҲûƬ̵ԥһ㣬մѪĨ˶ͷ֮ϣһһҪ񶾵ԡ
ʱѦСߺͻбȽȦЩΪʲôҪôһ໹õŷѪģֱѶƹ͵ˣ˵
Ȼȴ˽ΆСӣ磬ӲӥӲ˵Ļ϶ˣУ˵һӦȥҲ֪˭Ǽ٣ֻܻ෢Ѫģ֤˫˵ĶǼٻ
߷Ѫ飬ɲͨǰ䷢ģͨ˷ĿԲóУΪ߶ԼԼη飬һѪģͱأҪȻ綼ҪԼϡ
˫֪ԲŶöԷѪġ
ΆѪ֮ұ˵ˣ˵ˡ
Άű֪֮ǸŮ˸ĪǣһʶҵģǸϳүҵĹ죡
족ֵʱͷһ˵ʵû뵽յĽȻҲȴҲϣìܣȻʵȷʵˡ
ΪСԴӱʰһ֮󣬱Զ̩֮Ҳûм
³зֶصϳǵʱ򣬻øǿ䣬ǿ˵ұ³зֶƭȥһʱ֮ڣлһΣ˱࣬Ҳûгȥ黨ǲݣǱһˡһ̩˷𣬰һ̩Ĵʦ
ǿǲƭҵģôĸı䣬ΪǸаˡ
û뵽Ȼһһֱġ
뷨ҿ϶֪ȻߵŮ˺ܶ࣬ЩŮȫһľһȾ
˼ŮĶ֡
ΪԣΪʲôһ֮Żε鷳Ҹֿ
ӵ̩֮󣬵ȷǱˣḡĻˣ֪˵ң֪Ľҽɱ
òҲҵõԸˣҲˡ
Ļ˴һСˡ
һȭͷ߬Ŀ죬бҪȥ̩һΣСˣ֮ĶԹҪи˽ᣬҪŪҵˣվҪΪ˸صĴۡ
ɫޱö˵Άǿ˵Ķģǧȷ


911 󵷹
ƺҲţΆֽ͵ʵҸںüǰʶʱҾѾ³зֶʹˣʶʱǾһҹܻ椵ʱʶģСرǮʱҲǮһȥˣҲ֪һЩҵ飬Ҳ֪ĵϸ˴˻ϵʽ˵Էѵʱ֮Իԭһֱల¡ֱǰҶ콫СӸ˵ʱϵң˵˴鷳ҰҸˣȥʰһͷҾͽʬŽܸСӸһǮ
ԽԽľԭСںöǰ͸һصϵһ³зֶʹΆһﻹز©ԽԽˡ
˵һͨˣôͻȻҵôһߣǽϳʬţԭΆܸġ
Ά˵꣬Ļʵô˵ʬŵͽԬͳҲʶඣ
Άæͷ˵ǼһΣǸԬӡǺʬŵǸŮͽܳҼǵģʮˮ顭
үģʱˣŮˣҶûǹˣһɫԵӣС춼Щɶأ
ѹеĻٴγʵһθʲôʱ򣿡
Ά붼û룬һμǽŮ°³зֶ֮ǰҵң˵ǸŮ˵ľλãָһǮȻ˵ҰɱһˣǸ˾ˣʱҲˣҪɱ㣬һصҲж´׷ɱΪʱ㲻ǵȸħһڻȪ·ϵһˣǰεһؽһֺ¶ܸܵõһǮ붼û룬ֱӾʹӦȻŽǸŮ˸˹֪үͨ죬ͱһ¨ӣŪز
Ά˵еȥȫˣһжСڱ󵷹һֱԶ̩˽ȴǸҹȥˣתܲ
治ҵķ
Ƭ֮Άƺʲôٴ˵ˣǸ߾үһˣϴԹģҷǰȫһˣһָĪĸоҾӦóһߣҪԸ̫ܲɡ
ҵ˵ͷΆ΢΢һЦ˵ζлѣˡ
˵˵֮ҿ϶ҲΪˣүһɱҵ˭ҲҵˡΆһʮĵӡ
΢ЦͷȻһԵĻкѦСߣ˵ɶղҶѾѪˣ˵ζһëһﶼˣǲΥѪĵģھζ뿪ɡ
˵⻰ʱҾͳѦСߺͻգ۾
һܿҵ⣬ʱ̲סЦ
ѦСһץסΆӣЦ˵ζɣ뿪ǧ֮⡭
ΆһǴ˿̾ʹˮ棬һѾû·ֶ֮ܵУͳˮ飬ȥûʲô𣬱˵ûˣҪȥҲѡ
ѾѪˣô˵ɱҵģΆ׹֮󣬵ŭ
԰ûɱ㰡ˮҵģֻ뿪ѣشҲ߾ˣܻܲžͿıˡ΢΢Ц
ҲүˣҡΆһӾ
ж˵͸һӣ˵СӣղСǷѪĲɱ㣬Ǵҿû˵ɱ㣬ʶĸϽŴһûиı⡭
˵⻰ʱ򣬻е۾ԲˣһɱԲ˵Ц
Ά֪ͣԼҵĵˣȴֻܳưͿȥǾֻǲ˵ЩʲôһžͳΆ˹ȥΆ߳˱ˮ档
Ά߳˱ˮ飬ʱצǿˮֱӳɽЮȥ
ҿΆŤӣǷߺ޺Ͳʡ
ֱСˣǲŵģҲɱ˲ᶯ֣Դһҵеʱ򣬾Ѿע³
һˣã˾ȫʬ
췢Ѫģ¸κˣҪȻ㲻ú³ҲӦǲúʬںݵĸãճΪϺʳ
ΆʧߵľͷҵͻȻĪͱĳ


912 
ɱΆñȻҲûһ˿ĸоЩġ
Ϊ黹ԶԶûнĻ֣Զ̩ң⣬ޱȿɱֻһЩѡ
;ضԶһкܶҪ
ʱвⳤ̾Ժٴθֳվ±ϣһۣ߻һ飬ȻȻʱ龰ҹλأҲ֪ٴα澪ѣҪȥץסÿÿһ
㿴ûУˣѾһһȥˣһ죬һɱЩˣ֮顣
վڱˮ洣ãһ仰Ҳû˵
ѦСƺ鲻̫ãĬĬĴһԵš
֪˶ãҴʧ״̬лعɨһˣЩȻ˵߰ɣ˼ˣǻҪ뿪Ȼء
ѦС߹ҵļ򣬻Ҳҵ˵ͷҵűˮ黺뿪ͨоǰ濪ʼйʱȻĸˮ档
Ǹˮ֮󣬸оӦǸûں׵СͦԶˣԼԶԶĳǺλÿȥ˿ѾСĴˣΪǳڣСѾȫû˺档
ٴ¶ĻӦҲҪ߰˸Сʱ֮󣬼ˮٺõˣҲܹˮ´ôʱ䣬Ҳ˵׼ȥûСλÿһˡ
ɨһ֮ñˮٴγ˺ף½ȷָ·֮С
ǴӺߵģܹܿǺ֮գټ½ȷ˾·ٶȱʱҪ࣬ˮôˣٶҲ̫죬ҵҲܼ̫ãÿһ·Ҫ͸
Сʱ֮Ѿ֮Уǰãã˴Х˷Ȼһ֮أͷ֮磬ֲĪǲҴ̫ãΪ½ȷ˵֮仯Ī⣬ʱʱľԣǴƬ̣ܿٴγˮס
֮Ҳƽûмͺ֮⣬кܶຣװӿһĶںףĪÿÿǶԶԶĶš
ֹ˴ԼСʱ֮ٴθ˺棬һΣϵ࣬ΪˣԶԶĿЩƲĴֻƯں֮ϣӻະɱ˷ϡ
ԶԶĿȥܿͿ˺ܶ棬ڴȥһٴһ㡣
Щ˿϶Ǳڲƭ³ֶͷı³ֶʹ
һЩˣвסĻбЦǺǵ˵Сţҿ鷳ҪҪȥմ֣³ֶʣЩҲȫƽˣʡЩٳΧ̴Ǿǻˡ
ǰСţɱʹ죬ղǲһС棬ڻأУøѹѹѦСҲǿֲ¶
һûа취
˵¶ͻȻȣȥСʱ۷ƬǣסʹԮģϾҲһ壬Ѿʱ֣ʢʱǲ¶ģȥأ
һʱЩңѦСߺͻ˵ȱżȥЩ³ֶĲ鷳ʲôطɡ
һ˵˲žһ¶
һεķ˺ףȻҿʼ۾ͨҸ֮΢ʶӦѰȵټ
Լ֮Ҿ͸оȵĴڣں׿ĳλһֱ۾ٴοűˮ飬ڵǸλȥ
֮ͨǲ΢ϵһֱоں׵ĳλһֱ³Խ󣬴Լʮ֮۾ǾȻһʯԱߣʯΧкܶɺСȥ
Ӧþ⺣׵ʯ֮С
ͨʶƬ֮󣬺׵ɳһһȻʯ֮˳һεĺԴ̽˳
Ǹ⺣ϵȡ
һǣʮֻϲĴȥ
Ϊʲôǰ㣬Ѿǰ죬ͷʢǸ⺣ԵϣҲںֳлɢΣգȲûҽ⺣Եʶס⺣еޣʹȺ˷ҵĽĲƬ


913 
ֲҸղſ֮һƬһȿƵͷ޴ԣԭСһĹ֪⺣Եı£⺣ޣһСˡ
ұܸܲһߣ˵ߣһֱҪںף̫䲻̫ǿҵĵطǱУܸˮ棬ҪȻлɢա
ңڻǺԵ壬һ뿪壬ֻԵٴεõȨܹԼ壬һǺԱȻҪǷҵĽǼ˴˶ˣ⺣ԵУδЩ̫ˡ
ҸһȼںǱУںеθ֮ǰҲܱʹȺ
ñˮƯ˻սĺ봬ֻм䣬Ȼ󽫱ˮ齻˻еά֣һƵĴֻ֮ϣ³ֶĲǰ
һҴļװ֮վһˣ֮ǰһϵʱǸʹ
ʹϵЩһҳһ㶣֪Ǵðġ
ʱҴźɴסݣҵӣƤժˣʹҲûϳ֮󣬻ɵʵСӣǴðģĸÿڣôûм㣿
ҺٺһЦ˵ʹҴˣѵʲôӶ֪
ʹһ㶣㡭˭
ٴЦ
Ҵϵ˶һ
ðǸ͵λպãԵٻᣡ
˵գҽеĽ꼤Խָ죬еһεķתеĽٴâʢ죬Ҵ󺰳ĸ֡ˮ
콣ڶʽ
ү˵Ž֮УΨеڶʽˮʺˮսĺ֤һ¡
³ĸ֣˷Ğųʱ͹ĵݣĴ沨ӿ̶̵ĳŹ˷ͻȻʮ޴ˮ𣬱һ޴ĺ
Щ³ֶĴֻһȫ޴ˮ˰֮УȻݺݵ˺ˮ֮С
ҸϽķ˱ˮ֮Уٵĳ˺֮¡
ڱˮֻܹû龰Ȼкܶ³ֶĺˮ
ЩֱӱˮʽֱЩܹģܿҲЩֲĺΧſѪһ˺һգ۵ĹһƬѪ죬ʮֲҡ
һĻ̫ѪȣԼĿˣæٿűˮԶǷ֮أ֮ĵطǰ
еһжˮе˿
кѦС߸ǻϲѣֳƿ졣
СţһţȰ³ֶĲдЩ࣬һһ£㲻ȫûҲʣ¶ˣС汻ˣ³ֶӦˡ˵
Ⱥûʲôÿģʲÿ궼ܺܶˣǺôͷǵ˲ܶѻɽѦСЩ޷޵˵
½ȷͷǸҵĳ棬ɫһƬɷףòŵҵţλүֱˣƾ֮㽫ǽӽǧ˵³ֶˣ⻰˵ȥûţҪԼţҲֲ̫ˡ
аСӲҲ³ֶڻǻĺúõģһ½ȷļЦ˵
仰½ȷŵɫӲҰˣȿ޶ѿ
СӾͰ棬ҲΡ
˵飬ҷ½ȷʵԲһ·Ҳǲ٣ȷʵǹӲŵ飬Žɱħֲɱħ
½ȷļЦ˵ǴУأ߰ɣ뿪Ƶط
½ȷǿСܵ˼ĴݲУģҶܡ
£ǳűˮ飬Ÿں֮ϵȣǰС
һ·֮ϣȺ½ȷڣҲûʲô֮
ԼǰһСʱĹǱ㸡ˮ棬ͷһʱ򣬷Ѿ˰ȫڡ
ͷ۵ǣǳˣȸĺԵ׸ôá
ǺԶôˣ˵Уɱ˰ɣоЩֻҪ⺣ԲˣҲδһ¡
Ҹһ춼û˸ø⣬ʱһֱں׵ͻȻʶͨһ£˵ҪȥЩҪģǹ⺣Ե顣


914 ԵĿ
Ǳֳʲô±ʣǼֹۣͣȻűˮٴǱ˺׸ͷ
ڸǺԵϣܿԣֻͨʶҽйͨ
ȲȽʲôȱЩ˷ܵĸһϢ
˵ղԵʶѾͨˡ
һʼʱȸ⺣ԵϣʶǿѹƵ̨ǺûзͻȻģǺԵʱзĻȸܸϣϾѾٶ꣬һ˾ֵĺԣǸոնȹһ٣ԪҲСܹġ
ȽǺԵʶѹƵ̨֮ǺԵʮַŭͱ꣬һֱСȣȸϽ˳ӣȫװûᡣ
˺ǺҲûƢˣ
ֳݸղȸҵĹֻͨ˵ƺоԼ뿪Ǹ󣬱ֵʮּ˵Ǻܾúܾ֮ǰǸ֮Уάģ赲ˣǸΪ赲ͳ֮в֪˶£˶ٿ࣬ǴԺãã֮ˣҪǱʾлǿϷĻٹκһˣһſ
ȵĻ¶ԼһֱƵǣĿƣҲҪһٶˣһٶ϶뾡˰취Ҫ˴ΪɶһֱûгɹƫƫǾͳأ
ǲʲôèأ
Ȼⷨ⺣һĿá
ҽ¸ҷڳ˶⣬δãܲ⺣ԵĻ
е˼ǳ񾡣һ⺣Եһףһףһž͹ǼˣǼڶʮƣˣ޷Ӧֻԣпܾãã֮С
ѦСߵȽӹ˵к֮£˼⺣ٶҲףһ컯ãã֮УֺʤܹɾֵǷëǣ̫ѵˣǱǸɱˣᱳʲôʮָ̾⺣ԵһıۿƷѪҺƳɷж˿Ƕǵóֶ𶯽ķ˻Щϧ
˵̫ͳһҾˣе뷨ǸУɱϡѦСȴģ˼Ҫ˺ԣҲ⣬ϾһҽߣҽģѦС߻Щġ
½ȷһЩпϵ³ֶ˶꣬Ȼ֪֮һĺԵ飬Ƕ⺣Ϊʥԣһټʮǰ³ֶĴý⺣Էӡ󣬶ҸԼ䲻˺³ֶҪֹߣһʱ죬⿪ӡ⺣ɵԼ˹ˣɱ֮вó
½ȷ֪⺣ԵһЩ飬͸¶˵СڲܻпסԵĶСѾˣƷӡԵǶҲѾˣ⺣Բܳ
˵ǺԸһ˳ǰ⿪˷ӡԲŻǸж¡
ﾫֲǰթ˵ĻһŶȵģһԡ
һȽңܲͳһ
ҺͷҳһȸٴιͨǷα֤ٴζ֡
ӦһȻٴθ˵˵ֻҪɶС
ȥûʡ
⻹ǳ˰һԷˮ⺣£Ǳˮ鶼ǴŪģǿ϶Ķ֡
ҳһȻѦСߣʵС߸磬лɢ⺣Թܲãһ㣬뽫ס˵һСʱԶˣˡ
ѦСԴ˵лɢǶԶлɢЩ϶ɥʧûж¹֣ܲҲȷ
˵ôһֻԣһдеģɱҪġ
ֻܷ
Ҳ˵ѦСߵлɢܲãֻһˡ
Ҵ߶ˮ飬ǺԵ˶СԴ˽ȷе˵ֻǱһ飬ѦСлɢǺȫ˱ȻȻĽǺԵʶͷųһɺɷ·Ǭ˱֮С


915 ǵĵ
ǺԵʶƿԼʱұǱˮ飬ԶһЩ
ʶѹ̨ʱ̫ãʶոջع鱾ʱЩ̫ӦȻһӣ㽫ôһƬŪĲӿ˵ıˮҲһӿ
ʶ䣬Ǽ˶Եķ˳׼ǿĺԣǲѦСлɢĿƣǼ˱ؽһʮΣյľء
ĽҾģ˵Ҫҵõš
ǼԴ˴Լ֮޴ĺԷһӣһ˫ɫӳ߿˹һ˫ҿκֻǸоһֲսϢš
ֹƬ̣ǺԾ޴һΣͿٵĳ˹һţеĽʱɢһĿâȵѾĲҪٿ֣Ӹ㲻ˡ
ǺԴ˿ƺܹҵĻƵģҺ仰֮ͻȻͣƯǰˡ
ʱǬ˱ﴫСȵĻӳҵԺСŸ硭£ûж⡭
ȻȽСȵĻɲҷɾ裬Ǳˮ飬ǼһֱźƯ˹ȥ
ǺԼƯȥ΢һԥҲźƯȥ
һ֮Ƕ˺֮ϣǺʮҵĵطͣ
֮ҪƮ֮ϣҸо˷ӣֻ˵Ӧˮˮ϶һɣ˵Щࡣ
ںֶһǺԻ˻ӣٴγǻ˹
ѦСߺͻзֱŷԴ½ȷŵĻվһҶ
ǾĵȺǺεߴԼһҵľ룬ٴͣǴһǣкˮǿ˱ˮӪ棬Ȼ׷ױ
˾ĿǺԣĪĿֲԴǴƬɭĹâСɫ۾ֱĿǣô򣬱ǵ֡
СŸ硭ڶǱʾл˵ллǴǸˡ
СȵĻٴδﵽҵԺ
˿̣Ҳȷ⺣Զǵȷûж⣬˽ľ룬ҪҪĻֻһ죬ܽǼȫ̽
ȵĻ֮ҴŵӳǺһֻ֣ǺԺ˳Ľ˶ޱȵԴ˹ϲ£ʾ׽
ˣߵļ˲ڳһ˽䱸
ҸȹֻͨԣǲɱҲûж⣬һǾԺ֮У˺࣬пĴֻԶԶĶţֱӲףǼԺ󵨸ⶫ֮񣬼ƴҲҪ
ǵĵߣҲΨһҪǷųģԺ⺣ĻɵǼֵ
ҵĻ֮󣬱㽫ҵĻίתֻԡ
ȿֱӸͨȴԡ
ȽҵĻԱ֮ǺԳǼ˵˵ͷ
Ƭ֮˵ֻԴӦǵҪ󣬻˵ֻǰ֮ɱˣΪʱһԼҪסǸҳ걻ƢЩ꣬ԲŻˣǼ˾˳ٴαʾлԴԺغףǱУȡ޵Ϊ
ȵת⺣Ե˼˷һ£Ǽ˶ʱϲЦտ˵⺣ԻǸͨľ֣һζ񣬻Ҳ޷ȹǴ٣Ҳһ컯
ѦСߺͻеĵҲһ㣬˳ǺԵԴȥѦС߾͸ŮĴƵģһһ߻˵ҵţǺԣ˵еѰ˶ûлῴһۣҲһˡ
ϲ̵Ĳ˵Ҳ֪Щɶ
һ֮ȻתһЩǺԵĻǺ˵еĽϣܵϢԸ⳼ǵԭֻҪԺʲôѵĻԸΪЧͣ˵ѾϤǼϵϢǼٴγںϵĻܹоǵĴڡ
˵еĽϢһ٣үǰԨϷӡһ꣬үŪ˽ڣ˽꣬㽫תƵ˽֮ϣܹܵϢ


916 һ
ԭֻһ߶ѣȹһ٣ΪԣҪΪʮǧҽ֮зӡ֮ȴʵʵĴڣηĴڡ
һڸжǽнȳһҽ֮е֮壬Żȷûκε⣬ȫĶ
⺣Ե̬ʮ⣬ҲԸǱףУǱҲûʲôõǵġ
ʵҲҲΪãһһееĺԣѦС߶˵ˣһǱǽƤ⣬ƬѪ˵ǲɶõıԵĻǣҲӡڷ֮УԼӲʵСܹɵ⺣ԵĻǣǵп϶ҲͻͽҲôɣвͲףܹ֪˶ٿ̰ʳ¶϶㡣
ǺǶһǧлϧ𣬳ǻ˻ξ޴ԴȻų֮вӰ
ĿǺʧ֮Ǽ˶һˣǶ֮Ǹһˡ
һܹ³ֶ棬ҲǧգνǾһ
ܹõĽܲף̫ˡ
ǰҶǵɣһ̫ˣܵû˵˻кѦСͬУֵܺϽ𣬶˸˵Ƥ˺֮⣬ûʲô̫Ĵˣֵšһ˾ְŻ⡣
һ˼ǿҲ޷ԲһᵽŶЭҪԡ
³ֶ棬Ά϶ǹˣʹХ챻ĺˮĲ֪ȥʹϣҲʮã֮µЩһֱ˺֮£һڴɥ֮С
һص³ֶǳˣԺܴܲҲ֪ǸСǲܴˡ
˳űˮ飬ںƯһҲ֪ãʼûпһñˮȥ̫ʵĸˣٶ̫һЩ
գһ취ϴֻ˳֮󣬾͸սһ绰绰ֻһսͽͨˣһȲʵСţأ³ֶûУ
ʵҺܾᰡҲ̫СǵİЧˣ³ֶǼˣСӾȻΪǶûҵ³ֶ䡣
ҷŵ⻰кѦСһţ˲Ц
Ҹɿһ˵ڴƮأϿ˹ʰо֣³ֶûˣǸɱˣҲ˸߰˰ˣʣµ˹ƲһˣڹΧţ˵ܴסڡ
ս˵ƺЩ̫ţһŵСţ㲻ڸҴţɣصôʱ䶼ûҵǣŹ˼찡³ֶ涼Ǹˣ³ֶɲ٣˵ǧˣƾ˾͸ˣôͲأ
ѾŲţϽûȥϽɴǻȥЩͷ˵
أսʡ
ĹһۣΧһƬãã󺣣ʲôûУҲ֪ģҺܿ⣬ҿصôͨҸйزŶλһҵֻˣ㣬ĥ䣬缸ûԷأԵĹ
ս屾Щʲô˵˼УӦ˼˵ãԭصȴ͹ҵ˵绰
˵绰֮Ǽ˾ʹڱˮﾲȺȻ쳶Ƥ̽һ¹³֮е顣
ȣĺƯƾ֮һ춯صĴ¡
黹к֮ǵġ
ⷽ棬Ҹһص֮ĳԽԽˣ³صļһصķֶ棬үȻǿ϶ǣҵ鷳
ߣθǳ׵ĵ³ռң̾³һƬһܴڽ֮ҲǺպţƴֲ˵ǼҶүڳ֮ϵҪְүүְλһ󣬵ǼңҲôưոݣӳҪһ
ǼүХ죬Ҳ֪ûǻ˵һЩ汻³ֶС棬ôҸ³ռҵĳ޿νǲˣǽֿ϶ǲݵġ
߽꣬Ҳ֪³ռҵǿ֮ǰ˵һҪСĽ³ռó·˽ģЩаҪ¡


917 ߼
ڻеѣҲ֪꣬ұߵĽ֮ϽƣһĽɫһص³ֶͷۡ
ϣҲһЩֽţˮ³ֶ֪֮ҵǣȫΪ³ռҵĴүָ㣬Ӧü³ռңܹһصԸ³ռң֮乷ҧòϾ³ֶĸ𣬲һС飬һصҲưոݡ
ȻֻԼģһصǽ˼ͷϻ³ռҵͷϣҾͲö֪ˣѲϵġ
ȻѾһصԾ͵ﵽףȻǡ
ǼڱˮãһֱҲģʱĺܿ졣
һص³ֶǳ׸ˣָɵģ;Щ˼飬ʱ仹һ˷ܵ״̬֮УһзյľԼĳЩò㣬ȡ̣ܽᾭ飬⻹һЩҷ˼ȡ´ĸá
ˣǻһҪԸĶ󣬱³İֽȣŰλ
ʱ³зֶļ³СӰѣǻȥ֮󣬻ҪһôԸ³ֶ飬֮ǰұ˵ˣֻҪǲЩˣһŹҿ̣̲ãΪ˯˯ȡ
ֻ֮󣬰ֽǱ߿϶ҲõϢصıȻʵҪҵĲ֮Ʊ³ֶϼѡ
ӱʮ겻еʱǺţһ㣬Զڵص²ֻҪ¶κ˿㳲֮ʱ
˹ȥĸСʱ֮ͻȻԶԶںϿബֻ߿ʻ˹
Щֻ඼Щ⻹һЩǱ־Ĵֻ
Լ֮ЩֻͿͧͽӽǣϵԱȫװһǹָǣǾǿǼ˵񶼺֣ΪǼ˾ʹڱˮһ͸ݵĶƯں֮ϣЩֶߣľ󣬲ֲ֡
ӦսϵйزţǶʮϵľǲǹ߻𣬱Լ˴Ǿֵ̫ˡ
Щ˿ǶϣȻʼĽӽǣʱҴ⼸СϿһЩɽװˣõĲڵĻǵ֮ķص˰ɣ֪ͨص鳤սϵǣǶԼˣòôİɣ
˵ǴͷͻȻվһɽװˣͿʮ£Ũüۣһһ֣˵λɽصģɽصĸգӵ֪ͨӦصĸ߼ʣΪ˰ȫҪλݣҪ⡣
˵Ҳһ飬Ϊ˻³ֶʱ϶һصеĺ£ҲûлҪ˵ǲɣǲܵġ
С˵صĸ߼ʣʲô
ѵΪ˱ݣ˵Լˣ
ұʾ˽⣬ȻǸյ˵һҪս绰ȷһ¡
ӦһʾĺԱǹڷŵͣȻֻս岦ͨ˵绰һͨԹڸʲô۶ӣ˹ǻȥôǹڵźţ
սοҼ䣬˵һصĽģӷһЩҲӦõģǲҪ⣬Ȼҽ绰ɽصսղŵ˵ͷж˷кϴ
˿ͧȻתƵһʮֿĺϣڿĴ֮ڣѾ׼˾ƲˣһǼʮ⣬æô죬һֱûгԸ
ҲǶĺˣǼһҲͲǿֱӾͿ
ϯ䣬ɽصĸͬʮֿкǣһһһǾƣ֪ҾҼүӾǻֵĿӵʱǾ͸ӵĿˡ
ѦСǾ͸˵Ѧҩ̵Ĵˣһҽ֮ϣĸ֪Ѧҩ̵Ĵڡ
иſڣұˣ˵̨ɽ۾ʦĹŵӣ洫
кҵĽܣеװһ¸ɮģԷӾͲǰˡ
Ǽ򵥵ĽɫǱݣǿмӣһƨʮá
ڳԷʱһ³ľ֮ǰս϶˵һ㣬ǽ³ֶ飬սҲ˽ĲǺܶ࣬ΪҲû˵١


918 ʰо
յ̬Һ⣬ǹάһ˺ãֻ½ȷһԲɫҲԵЩƽվ½ȷһһ㡣
Ƕһ飬ֵ½ȷʱ½ȷԵЩˣһۣԴɫ˼ˣ˵һص³ֶˣصԱ϶ûʲô³
½ȷ飬Ǵǽ³ֶ棬Ȼ󻹴ӳûǾԲô˳ֹӲŵҲ
ǣֱӱ˵λ½ȷһ֣˭˭Ͳ͸¶ˡ
ҲǸˣ֪ʲôʲôʣǲԸ˵Ҳûǿ
½ȷ˵ǳһҵҲǸм֮ɫ
ձ³ֶ淢飬һһı㽫ȥ˵һ飬Ȼ˵ĶƽգмҲܹĳĲզ࣬ϵľȺ֮ɫԱ
³ֶ棬ǧˣҴ˶ߣХĶ֣һһҹ֮ھ͸ˣ⻰˵ȥƺܶ˶ţǲҲûа취ʵͰǰ
ʵںϺȾվǵĽ飬Χ˴صͺԱСû˺ף֮Ǹط϶ټȥˣҪ˵³ֶһʣǲܵģܹģҹҲһˣǻزȥСֲܴôֲ֮УȻ취ӳֻҪصΧã϶ܹвջ
һʼҲǶǵĻŽɣܿǰʹϢΧصԱոո֮ӳһƾ洬ϵ˷ƴԷ󲿷ֱ𣬲صҲʧˣݱ²˿ڹ³ֶѾϵʱ⵽ĲСϵ˲ȫ𣬶һ֮Ҳͺ޵Ĺֱʱ֣ٴͻȻ֣ɱǺܶˣͻȻʧˣǱǽ³ֶһٶ˵һ֣̽·ģû뵽ճصķ
Ƿ²˵Ĳֵһ½ȷ档
׼ȷϢ֮վͲɵòˣǵֱ仯࣬һʼĹάѾ˳羴
ǹʰоְˣ˵ҲǴһǼ˸Ǹм
ɽصĸˣҪβ³ֶ׽𣬲ûһֱǵͷ˼ˣŪһֱ˰
˵ﰶߵʱɫѾȫǼվںߣŷݵ˻ʮָӣһ˽⣬ΆҲˡ
ǵͷɽ壬ߵʱ򣬷ִģмͣڴΧһʲ֪Ǽұˡ
ʲôԭû֪˶۷׷ף˵С˱˼ҵСʧɱˣ˵˽ͷ͵ɵСձͺˣ֮˵ʲôĶС
ԭίģӦþˣεļﱻ϶ɽصĪĹϵ
֮ǰʱҲ̸³ռң³ռҵүаһصйصǲҲӦý³ռһʰˡ
նһʮֱص̬ȣ˵±֤ݲУûг֤ݣССɽص³ռûа취˵ˣ¶Ǽү³ռû̫ǣ˵ʲôĵ¶ĳʲôģ͸³ռûа취ˣ³ռҿ϶ЩǷĳǼҵģҪΪ³ռҵĳˣЩطϵİԱǼһ취ûС
ڴ£ҲΣҲûǸֱӹȥ³ռҵ鷳
ڵϣǱֱϳǣ½ȷ棬ɽ͸Ǹģȥģ˵Ҳ֪ԺϡͿĹֻҪصץסС
Һסһϳǣ˵Ҹ취˵ܽϴˣԺ󻹿ԻؼҼԼˡ
½ȷЩ̫ţѦС߸үүص黪ֵܸ˵ʱŷңһϳǡ


919 
ȻүүǻֵܸˣλȨأү̫˽飬δشӦԣҲûдͷ˼ңҴصϳ֮󣬽ս˵˵صԱʮֽţ߾Ͳ࣬Ըµ˺٣Ͼ̲ʲôˮְλҸо½ȷΪӻûзʲôصаˣҲδһ飬Ͼ֮ǰһصȽϤһص飬μص飬϶ܸصϴæ
½ȷ϶ҲԸ£⽫ݸϴˣܹ䣬ŹҷĹʣҲ̤ʵ
ҹֱɽ廨˴ǮһȥسǣȻسһܴ˦ǧǮ˾ֱӴȥϳǡ
ϳ֮ǰһСȴǬ˱˳Ƿڣǳʲô⡣
ǼͿ౼˺ü죬˵ͣ㣬һֱû˯ȾڳϺ˯ƣʵС
һ·޻ǵϳǵʱ춼ˣֱӻؼңҰ軹û𴲣ԼԿףϢĴ˷ţ˶ҵ˸ط£
ڳ˯Ĳô̹ڴϲܸо̤ʵԼ
ҹ󣬷ﻹһɳǼҲܹ˯¡
ֻһ˯ĲȣԺУֻͣҴһսģһûУ˵ˣûü˵Щģս͹ҵ˵绰
ӣǼҵķžͱõɽ죬ƣӴ˷ţֻһս壬ͳҼϴһȭһ˾ջ˷ܵаСţôţȣĹ³ֶͱˣСӾôģҲ̫˰ɡ
ҽս뵽һֱҶ߶߶˵ͣ˵жܳɹɽصǱߴϢ˵ĹµջڶƬΧֻ׽˲һص³ֶΨһһ㲻˳ĵطһǿԼĸˣͻصķ˼صԱ˺ֱӶˣһֱû׽
ߵǲΪдͷǸΪߣһֱɱصˡ
ԭһԺģսôһ˵ʱû˰˯⣬Ҳߣ
صôຣİΧȦ֮£Ȼߣ
ߵǼ˳ʲôӣõʲôɫһæʵ
ɽص˵ûп֮Ǽ˵ֶζҶźɴס棬˭Ҳûпǵĳ࡭жҲԲɹˣ³ֶȫˣһҲ㲻ʲôսЩ˵
Һսڿ̸ʱ˯ѦСߺͻУȺң˹
ʲôˣܲ˵һҲ˹һɫʵ
սҡͷЩɻ˵ôӽǧ˵³ֶ棬ܹ߼ˣҲΪ氡
ҺͻԼѦС߶һۣɫ
ܹһ־ɱصľӢԱһܹôǿİΧȦѵģǾ³ֶΪĸ֣³ֶֶˣ˶ʹ֮⣬һڵŮˡ
Ά϶ǹˣһƣֻʣ˰Ȼֱƽˮ϶ܻһʮֿ϶
ΪߵХ죬ʱûбĺˮһǲȷȫɻɣǸХ컹пܻţǸͷҲпܻš
Хʮ־飬ˣҸ³ռҵĹϵʮֶӣǲХ콫ΪҵľУҲҵ鷳
ʱ³ֵֶʱһ𣬲ſϼһһƽ֣һʮֲֿĵˣΪҵͷ󻼡
ҽ⼸˵Хսʱû֮ǰǰ˷ˡ
սҲʼΪҵ
Ǽڿν³ֶ飬һεĸս˵һ飬ս˵³ռҵĵ¶ĳһ׽³ռҵļס³ʱսɫͺ˵ǵĵ̫һЩΪǻòжһô壬˼Ҽס׽ˣؼǻɱǵĹʮӢӿǽˡ
飬սʮֿ϶ĸң³ռһᱨģֻʱѡ


920 һĸо
鼴ǲңҲ׼ͱ£ǱǣҪ潫СүǼˣҾٽ³϶׽һΣһĽƣһ˭˭
Ǽֽɱ³ֶսϸ˵һ飬սĺ棬֮Ҳ̲ס
ǰе鶼ˣս嵱ٴ˴Ĵָ˵֣ţȣ
Ȼսʹҵļʮ֣ص˵Сţһһɳģһʼ̤ߵУһСʱһֱɳزıĳ࣬Ҳǿ࣬ǰ嶯çײڵȴ˼ǣȡʤǺɱֱӳ嵽³ֶƴԼãڸ涼ȡ˺ܴĳɹʱգɾͲɹԺ϶ᳬԽϾֳģҺܿ㣡
ҺٺһЦ˵ɣүүǻĿӣҾһɢĽͣɶʱҲԽҼүӰ
սҡҡͷ˵СӱҲƴڻ˵ĲְλĽÿһμ㣬һֲһĸоֱ죬ҿʱ򣬱ѾԶԶ˦ˣҲ˵ڵΪѾԶ֮ˡ
ǫ䣬˵磬ҿˣܲܳԽ㣬ֻдһ֪ܲҪҪԣ
սٴҡͷϸҾͲȡˣڵҿ϶Ķ֣У֮ǰصֵܾĸ߲صܾ֣ǿֱӽ뾩ǵĺ£ǲǸÿǿǣڵʵصܾ֣ò˼꣬ƾܻ쵼Ҫǲص鳤λҲø㣬㿴вУ
𡭡ɱɢˣܲصЩµĹأһԳԣ˯˯ڣαҪûȤ˲ǲ˵ǲǣ
սȰסңҲûж˵ֻǽ̾Ϣ˼
ĵڣҲŷ֣ǸǴһص³ֶ½ȷһֱûг֣Ǻ¼صˣ˿սҲˣֱסļſڣ±ѦСߺͻҲ֪ҽҪս˵ЩʲôֻսкѦСߵĹϵ̫죬Щǵ棬ĥӣÿڡ
սҵſڣɻСţҪ˵ɶģ
ҲûɶҾصȱȱˣҺٺЦ
˵սҲЦʵôͨˣҪص飿
ңҾһ˹ȥǸ֣Ϊ㿴ҪҪɡһ˵սϵЦʧˣƬ֮󣬲ŵĺ¶СӲƭҰɣʵ㣬صǸ߶Σյҵ׬ǮҲ࣬ǿǲƷģײ˵Ǯ˵ܵǸԸ𣿡
ֻҪӦұ֤϶ȥɸڣҪҪɣҳһЦ
սüͷҪ϶Ҫ
ãôˣ˾Ҽأһ㿴û˵꣬սļһ£˵˵
¿ɰսֵģֱӺϲ£ˣ̽ʵѦСߺͻʦҪɣ̫ˡ
ɣǺ¶ˡ
˭ܸܲ͸ףСӿɱ𲻿ףҽܸɶĽⲿſɲǳзĵطս־
һ£ղŶӦˣʵ͸˵ɣҸǸһص³ֶˣǸ²˻
ɶСӿʲôЦû˵꣬սըë˵صһصǿˮݣصﰲһһصˣǲŷһʱըҿɲҪҲץ׺ӾѾܿˡ
̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵СӻǲС¶ңҿǴӦСƷΪҲǲҪʵǿϧˣǾˣҸصͦ죬ֱ͸ˣôõһְЩ˾ǲ֪ϧ˰ˡ
˵ţȥţʱսһסҵĸ첲ƺԥƬ֮󣬲ŵھ
ţҴءҵ
ܲȿ¾ϣսֵ
ðԱ㡣ҺٺЦ
˵ţ˱ӣȻƿҵţ½ȷ˿Σɳϣһʮֽŵģǽ˵ͷǴк


921 ֮
֮սߺܿ½ȷϣ½ȷŵĲУһʱֶ֪ˡ
½ȷĵӻͦģһʼ֪Ҿʱ򣬻˼УǾ³ֶ渲֮ۼʶҺͻԼѦСߵֶ֮󣬱Ϊһ˻Ķʮĸ֣ĵͱǼĥˣһսսģ
ȻսҲȷʵǸĸ֣ܹص鳤Ϊ϶ȥ
գս
½½𡭡½ȷ˵Ҳҵһ֪
֮ǰ³ֶǸȷ潫ȷ潫ΪҶʹ³ֶҲǸв쵼ˡ
ս˵ͷȻ½߽˼ٴ˵˲˵СŸ˵飬֮ǰһص³ֶˣҸС֮ǹĽ飬Ƽˣҿ϶ỳɣȻСţ֯δػţҪص飬뻹Ҫйزŵϸ飬һܹ𣿡
½ȷֱӾȦˣҴӦὫϴףȴûи˵ص飬սôһ˵ʱֵЩ֪ҳ΢΢һЦȻ˵½ϸ磬鳤ﲻһϴ׵ĻᣬһṩһҺڵĹĺ¶ȥӦ
ʱ½˹ָмĿһۣæͷԸ⡭ʲôԸ⡭
Ǻã¶ôˣڴ֮ǰҪ㼸⡣սֵ
ʾˣ֪ɶ϶˵½ɼ˵
֮ǰ³ֶ浣εʲôְ񣿡
֮ǰ³ֶ浣ȷ潫ҲÿڣһССЩȨֵжʮ¡þүɱˡ½СĵĿһ۵
ϼʲôطﻹʲôڣսֵ
ҼҾ³ɽسǸһС︸ĸڣѾüûˣԴȥ³ֶ֮󣬾Ҳûлعҡ½ֵ
ս˵ͷֵã֣ҪʹȫҪκ֣ҲУֶβУصҲġ
ãΣ½شĺܿ죬۾͵һҲû֮ǰȻ֮ƣսƴǾ˵һսҲֵġ
һÿһξ롣
սǰȻСŵҲǾͲҪԱˣ΢Ȼȭţʮ֮ڣܹӮңұص顣
ã½ٴӦһȻһȻ䣬Ĺ㷢һž죬Ȼֱһʽ
½ʽʱȻһΪ½ʽڵرһֻ룬ΩΩФʮ㣬һǸӣսȽϵֻ΢΢һ֣һʽ
³Ǳһ³ռңһ³ţѵ˵½³ŵĴˣ
³ռҸһֱͣХΪɱŵӵ³ֶ棬ʹһְѵ½𲢲֪Хɱŵ
飬½һΣ͵սߣһ˫·裬ľս˺ܿײһ
˵ٶȶܿ죬գۼ㶷غϣССĿռ֮ڲͣתŲһһʽǧҶЩɵۡ
ʱԸ½ʱҲûиƴֽţһΪ̵ķ꣬ڼ֮ڣ½㱻Ҹˣ˿̿Ǹ½ƴȭŵĻʮ֮ڶòȭʽʮͣһһУʵʵǬ˴½Ҳƴϵףһ˫ҵǽ֮ϣֱӳһĻۣ˵ϣҪƤɡ
һֱ˶ʮУսͻȻһǺУһȭ½ؿڣ½ƺһȴҪǰƴ
ʱսѾ¶˼ϲɫЩ˷ܵһ֣˵ˣôˣҪˣ
½֣ͣϢ˼Ƶϲɫ
üһһ֣صҪ˲ţɣ⼸סصдȴǵ飬ЩǾ͸һЩҲԽԼĸĸӵϳǸǰס
лллл̫ˡ½𼤶Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
лս壬תңһأޱϵ˵ү֮ͬԺõ½ĵطɽ𺣣̶ѨֻҪһ仰


922 һĴ
ҹȥ½ӣЦɲô˵ԺصĴ󽫣ҿɲǲҲһϵɢԱĸָʹزŵ쵼
⻰˵½һ죬ǺɵЦ֪νӿˡ
ļȻֵˣԺҲҾүүģԺǾֵܣҴҽһ½磬ԺǻûӦء
һʱʮǢ½Ҳûǰǰš
ϵЦʧˣʵ½磬£ǵõŵ洫ȭˣĲ
½˵ͷÿɷ˵ӦŵĹʱ򣬳棬һƮںϵͷ˵ĺأ;Ȼ˼ңͷǼҴһʱ䣬Ϊ˱ʾл㴫һзźһȭ˺֮ͷˣԺҾҲûмҲû˭Ҳȥ³ҹû˿ϼҾˡ
ӦһȻ˵˵ǸХΪɱŵŵļΪ֣˲Ӷݵ³ֶʹΪ֪ʦŲŰҶԸХء
½ɫһ㶣ҡͷҲ֪ХҲûиκ˵ҶԸХ컹ˣۣС֮¡
ХûҲ˵̫ˣԺ˵ǻټġҵ˵
ʱսż½ȥص飬кһ½ȸһˣȴһ飬½ȳȥѦСߺͻ죬һЩҪս˵һ¡
½𵱼˳ȥ˷š
СţС治СģҼһսЩ˷ܵ˵
ҴʱɫȴЩһս壬˵ҽǻһʮҪҪ˵ȥ³ֶ棬ҲɱΆȴõһʮҸоϢ벻
ʲôϢսĺ˲䱻
ϴıŮˣصʼٸˣҲʶϼүĶ죡ɫ
˵սı˲ˣŴͣһŵⲻܰɣСӲǰѾȥ̩𣿷Ǽʱ첢ڹڣǲΆСӹʹðӣ
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻܣΆڵʱ֮ǲѵģΪѪģȷڱ
ǡô죿ܲȥ̩СӸɣս
Ҹ˼ǣϣܹ֪ͨйزţһĶٴλعĻͽ˿ס취ʰ֣ص
ǸһصϹϵˣǿ϶رյĶ󣬸οϴصʧô֣ģһ֪ͨϼϸѿأֻҪǿ϶ܴסսƱ˵
ҾͷˣֻһʱûпհˣҴͷϵ飬컹ûĻҾбҪȥһ̩СӸˡֵ
ȥСԽԽˣ̩ɲȹڣزģǱȥʱֳӣҲǱ޳ĪСĸʾսȰ
Ȳᣬһһ鷳㣬Ǽ˸³ֶ棬һǾȥŪ³İֽȣⷽ滹ҪṩһЩмֵϢﵽûУûеĻͰ취ҵ
սһһ۵Сţ̫ˣǸͣһʱˣεĵһصһص˲û׼˵취ʰأһҪСĽǣʵɣԴӷص鱻֮³صص鶼ռ³ظһصĶ³ֶϢҲҺòݵĵģ³İֽȣһüĿûУڻڲ飬һϢҿ϶֪ͨġ
ҵ˵ͷʾȻúսֱ˳ȥ
սȥ֮󣬱ѦСߺͻдһкֱӽ½ˡ
½֮ǰǶһǧлƺЩᡣ
֮ʣˡ
һ»кѦС߽ʲô㡣
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ҽŪѾʮֲֿˣǼүۣվһۿǱͭǮҪնʱ򣬼үڳˣǰһ㣬еĴ̹ӡ


925 һ
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ۿƻֺıͭǮһѹ֮ƳżүϺȻµʱǼүͻȻеĴ̹һ˦̹ʱһųĻӣŷˡ顱һһ죬ֻһž޴Ļ⣬ͭǮͭǮУĽҵıͭǮˣʷҲҵһμܹɵľͽǱͭǮˡ
ľ֮࣬㼤ҵĺʤ֮ģ˽ֿ꣬ȭֱ˼үӵߣΪéɽԪȭүƴʹ˻żүһͨʹȻүҲǴ̹ӣָҴ
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Ӧһ˼ү󣬾ֱصȥһ·֮ϣүӶڸҽһЩз⡣


926 л
ղżүӸҽ֣һ̽ҵΪڹ۲ҵĲ㣬һһ̸үӿνز©ѧţֻǼ򵥸ҹ˼У㿴֮ϵļ̰壬θĽԺֵУ˵ȫص㣬ҲΪԻڣʮϸһֶҴ
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үǱ̾Ϣһų˵ѾˣүүСҲûɶãԼУȻСӴ绰ˣүү͸˵䣬һʱͲҪˣúУֻԼǿˣĸնԶܹģĽĪ⣬ɻıǹͷˣѾĳЩ˵жд̣֮죬һҪӱСסûУ
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ȻүӾûٶ˵Щʲôֻ˵ЩͷϵĹҪͲҶ˵ˣҵ绰ʱ򣬻ⶣһʱ䲻Ҫ֮Ļ
м䣬ү͸һƣ룬ĪЩѹҪ̫ͣԼġ
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һ֮ΰƽͻȻĳ֣µ˵Сţֳ̫ãϵƶļǰ컹ʹȥһΣܿѹˣҵֳŲס


927 Ҫ
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ھǿأղŸһ͸˶ˣҴûϾֳôĻ۾ˡԴӼǰʹһֻ̫֮࣬ˣһֱûôúϢΰƽЩ˵
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֮⣬үһʮֲֿĹ˺ϴ辭ʱҲһ£ܲҳһЩʲôŵ


928 ת
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ʱƺĺܿ죬ڼһִ£ĩתۼֵڼ䣬кѦСҹҼΣÿζߣƺϲҶǸطǵɽҶĿѦСûĲֺ
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Դ˽³ֶ֮³İֽƺˣκλǼ¶ûг飬صرҲǺް취
ǽѩ飬ҲǶ෽̽ҲѦСߴߴһүүѦǬڵϢֱֻͨҪһ֣ǱȾӦܹ
ȻûʲôϢұԽ
һ꣬ǰĻƶһ꣬ҲѩĻֻĿүүҶȥˣҲԵ飬ֻ룬ѹĲС
ûпʼ·Щ鶼ᷢҲôķա
ʱ䵹ջǻѡ·
ǲͣڣ̫ƽˣҪʵҲϲֵѪ̼һҲԵõ
⼸һֱŬУ콣ĵĽʽҲûʲôͻԵĽչΨһģǽֶԴУɱʵСĿԤĽ̫Զ
ڴ£Ҳ̹˼үӣү˵˼ûȫϣΪﲻ̶ֳȣȻ޷еİżãҪ
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˺ϴ辭ҲҵһЩᣬ˺ϴ辭ʱƺܹӦΧһЩ仯ڷеʱڷŵһЩС΢΢Ųһ·λڸ߸ڴ帽еʱҲܹо޷£ĻĲҲҵڶ¡
˶ѣֻɢĞųΧĶһЩ΢Ӱ죬Ҫܹȫգ֪Ҫʲôʱ
͵ڼĿҪùʱһʱ֣ҽӵһİĵ绰绰սͨǱ߱㴫һٺٵЦ֪˭
ϸ˺һĥѾģôҲû뵽˻Ҵ绰ܸϵлֻϲģԻ·һӾͱˡ
һҴ绰ʱҪҰæأһڣ˵ת
˭أ
ڿǸɣ


929 ɾ
ɴɲ⣬Ϊ֪һˮı³뻯ڣ˵ܹıһǽѩֵλãҲܰҳ³ֽȵڡ
ͷʱڼ⼸ʵﻵˣû
ĪЩСҵأôҴ绰ˣ
ɺٺһЦ˵ϷĴΣɽͻȻиѣСˣôûпգϷȶٴƣϷü춼ûԹˣϷȶپƣ˵ϷָܰԽ򣬲һ׮
Ȼ䣬ҵСٴΡͨͨĿǻлƺ֪ʲôѴŻҴôһ绰ԼҳȥȾơ
£Ӧ˵пգûգϸˣҿ϶ҲпյģȻҾʲôطȥ
ɶҵ̬ʮ⣬ٺЦ˵ϳǶֵŵ´أڸһС˵һȥҲС
ȥϲģһˣռ˼СıˣҪġ
Ҵ룬ʰһһкſڴһ⳵ֱţڳ⳵ϵʱһѦСߴһ绰ϳǣҾˣбҪʶһ¡
ͷǸˡ
Сʱ֮ұŵ£ʱǰʱ֣°ʱ䣬ŵ½½в°ˣŵ¾ŸתһȦܿһ￴һ۵ϣֻ֡ɡ
һϲ˹ȥߵһͿһϣһʮͷСŮȥأһͷ۾һܵӡ
ǼǣҺ޲ùȥһӡ
Ϣߵɵߣվﲻ˵ɰŵ۾һ죬߿һۣᣬźŮ˵ɽֺУַɣղ޶ƴȱ׻һ࣬
ǸСŮһβʮ㣬߶˼䣬в⣬ʦ˵ʲô˼أܸܲҽһ£
һץ˼Сֲţһģ˵ϳɽƵˣƣǼ࣬Ƶʴһ£²вٴγ֣Ҳܹ׻ѳ顣
һ˵СŮһϲæֵʦһҵԵܸܲҵİʲôʱ֣
ʱͻȻ۾һָ̧ҵδǣ
ҶʱһЦɿˣҹǸ͵ģôͻȻСδأ
ʱǸСҲȻתþͿɵ㶵վһ±ƵģСһңʱֳһĨϼȵĶ֪ýַŵȥˡ
ҵһɣʾҪ֣ǸСתͷȥյɵߣСʵʦ˧δѣ
ɺٺһЦź˵⣿
ţͦõģĺ˧ʦСתͷ͵͵һۣ˵
ȻȴֵˣϷ˵ɾǰλС磬˵İҲ˵λСվķλ£ɾϧһҪԵ
仰˵ǹһߺ죬޲ҸֱȥͷٿˣȻֱóһưԪ󳮵ݸɣллҲƵ뿪
ǹһߣɱЦǰԪ󳮴ԼվҵСϵܣòˣϴһҲһʱ˰ɡ
һûˣ㻹ӣƭ˼Сռ˼ұˣ˵ˣӺ
˵ŶϷ˰ٵҵĴˣǿֶ࣬ΣСӿɲҪѪˣûҵҿɲ㡭
СǲܸķӶƤӣһҲĶ֣߰ɣ¹ӣ˳ܸ㼸ʶʶһơ
ɽһԵԱΧ۵ļ˵Բס˸λϷ̯ˣҪģ磬ﲻɢ


930 ϣ
ɳһ֣Ȼ߳Ⱥ
ʱҲϸɨߵɣɴһĳۣͷϻһ٣Ųײ࣬񲣬󣬸еһƴ϶ҲܴһԺûѡ
һ߳Ⱥɵ۾ͳŵ·ԵСɨ۾ﶼ̹⣬Ҳ֪ǶûгԷˣһһ߻߶߶˵ţˡУܳԣ̫ϻˡţ̫ˣ첻ԡ³ˡţҿУɽĵ棬ͳһڵ³ˣСţҪǾȥң
ָһԷ³˹˵
УȻϸɽҿ϶Ҫ֮꣬ɶû⡣ˬ
ѽ׻˵ĺãڼҿĸſѣ⻰һ٣һ³أǲöˡ߶ţԷ˽ȥ
Էϳ൱ϵεһҹӣò˵ɵ۾涾ĵҪһ١
һ¥ǴˣҺһȥʱ˵Ŀ⣬Ҫɵװײ࣬ھ϶ûɶϡģһۿȥɾǸմӹװӾ߳һ㣬رעĿô˵Ŀ⣬ɺƻȻķͷľ˽ȥ
ܿ죬һԱͳ˹ǳԷƷ裬˵ڶ¥һż䣬ģܹĺɽɫķãǷԱ΢Щɣ˼¥õǼ䷿ѾԤȥˣܻܲһ䣿
ܣ٣ҳļǮҽдͣܵˡҶȻܾ
ǷԱ˵ͷ˵Ҫʾһ£ֱӾʹ˶¥Ǹż˽ȥ
յģһżƿ˴һƬɽɫԣʱĿһϳ紾ӣӰ˾Ӷ࣬ǰŲһǸõط
ҽ˳кȻ͸һһЩʲôɻһ߶߶ӣ˵ҲûɶйĹΣߵģĺΪңƯ
Ȼһʮֺ⣬ΪɶÿμһĿҪҪӣı£䲻ڴ󸻴󣬻±ǿ϶ûɶ⡣
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ɵĻҲ̫оµӡ
˼䣬ͻȻϸҿۣüͷ˵СŰϷɬüۼгתǲʲô鷳˵˵Ϸܰ취
ֻ࣬ǿһۣܹƳЩⱾ²С
һҪ𻰣ͻȻ䣬ϵֻһѦСߴģʲôطҸ˸ַ
ӵʱ䲻кѦС߱ĸ˹һնʱ
Ҹ˫һ֮սػ
ʱҷɵ۾ͻȻͣ˻еϣ͵һƺС˵Щʲô겻ѣûϸƺӻеϿʲô˲顣
ܿ죬ɾͻָ˳ɫԵʮָˣ˵һʶô཭ѣңҲûģ˺ȣϲ顣
Ʒ֪ǧ٣ܹѣͬҲܹкѦСѣһܿĵһ
ϯ䣬ҲĵϵһЩ飬³ֶ棬ȻأСȦȴɢĺܿ죬ȻķӣҲСȦˣȻҲţֻ֪ͷң⻹ˣȴ֪˭һѾԶ׼ˣžǻкѦСߡ
飬Ǿ˫޳ɣǸɵƯǸ˳һڶ
һصҲ̫Ű裬η壬صҸǹȻԿ֮⣬ţûиһصͷȻġ
Ǵ˾Ȼð֮ΪһصݺݵĴˡ
ãǶȵðź⣬ŽұõĻ˵˳ıһ½ѩ³ֽȵ顣
ȻɸҵĴ𸴣ȴССϣ˲ˡ


931 벷
ɺһƣ˵еȻı㣬Ҳʲô鶼ʮ־׼ǽѩ˵ӲҪĻֻһֵʱʹ巽λǾģʦүڣҲı㾫׼
˵ССϣʱˡ
ѦСߺɵĻЩʲô˵ϸ磬˼ܹѩֵĴʱ䣿
ɵ˵ͷ˵ڴ£ϷЩյġ
ϸ磬ǾͷɣСŵүү䳤ϵƣҼҵλүӿס˶ԣ꣬Ѿȥʱ䣬ʵǲٵˣһֽܹ֮ѩֱĻǼƴҲҪǽѩŪ֡ѦСе˵
С˵ûүѣҲԹֻۣҪǽѩĶǼҪ㵽֡ҲȻ˵
ѦСߺͻ˵ĻĪĸҶֵܣŽֵܣҼүӵԼļһ㣬һֱڽ߾ȫİңȴûаʲô뵽ЩҲЩգʵǲٶҪЩʲôˡ
ɵɫҲ֣˵ͷ˵СŵƷȻû˵ҪȻһҲڽһҸȻʶʱ䲻ѣȴҲСǸɽ֮ˣֻ˹ڿСӴһ𣬿϶ҪԲٿͷλɶҪ׼
⻰˵ѦСߺͻжǺǺһЦѦСߵϸ˵һҺͬûСմʲôˣüζˡ
Ҳ΢Цŵϸ磬ϽģŸ㣬һ֮ڣѩ׻᲻֡
ɵ˵ͷ˵˵˵ϷﲷһԣȽŸϣڼ䲻Ҫκ˽
ߵſڣֱŸˡ
ʱҺѦСæټķʰһƬԱռ
Ƕʰ׵֮ͻȻֿˣ˿֪ǽѩʲôģ˭Ծĸһ£Ϸ룬ƾղҵͣϷûȴﵽǸز
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һ£ѦСֵ߽ؼǽ󸻹ǧѩѾѰмʮ궼ûڽ֮ϳֹˡ
ҽҵˣڸҩҩֱſ̾
ѦСߵ֮Ҳͷüͷȴ΢΢ֶʮ겻ڽ֮ϲˣֻû˷ְˣߣֿຮ֮أҲ̣˭û¶ܵѩɽȥðɣϷˣ͸ǲһԡ
˵ţɴͺĻƲڴһ˼׳Բ֮ϷһưͼС߶˼֮󣬱㽫еĹ׳ſЩ׺ܿɢŰͼ棬ֳһֺܲ״
ɿһͼϵĹף۾һֻֿٵָͷĸо˫һ㣬Ҳڲͣ߶ţӴ㡣
˹һɱͣеĶٴνͼϵĹ£ͷȥȻٴָ㡣
߰˴εӣɵѾ죬оʮֳ
ʼգǼ˶ϣ۾һ˲˲Ŀɣҷһ
û뵽ôһȴҪôĹǰɸſھ
ֱ׵ھŴεʱɵɫͻȻǺؿ͵վӣԱתͷȥۡһ³һѪ


932 
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ۼֿ죬һѽסˣѦСߺͻҲһȫȻôˡ
Ȼֻǰ˰֣ӲһǵѪɫɷףһʮģоܵ˵
ҵĲ֮£ϣЪϢһϲŽЩѪɫ˵ѽû취һеģй¶̫࣬Ϸֻǲһ£ûн˵ôˣүǲһ·
ˣβѣԲסϸ磬Ҫ֪һôҾͲΪˣˡ
ȴ˰֣˵ô˵ҲϷĸԸԹ㣬ѩĵرе߾֮亱УϷǿΪȥټȻҪһĴۣҲ顣
˵ţԼԼһ׾ƣһȫ˽ȥ
ɶˣȾƻͣǼ˲ɵЩǡ
ھ֮ɵľ״̬ƺ࣬һָϷϷղ˾Ųǲһ㾡ָǽѩ֮س֣ųֵʱӦѮʱ֣ǵǸʱȥ֮ѰңܹҵǶ
⻰һڣҿȥץ˾ƱӣǾƱҵģʢ˾ƣֻƻûеߣһſ³һСѪƱӵľȫȾˣⳡ濴ǼǴĿģ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ȼȴʲô¶ûһ㣬ٴβ˲ǵѪǺЦģֻѪѣû̫ˣǾɷġ
ˣǼ˶һ棬ܹˣ˵νǴˡ
ղ˵ǽѩѮ֮أǾ˵µʱ䣬үүƶʱ仹һ֮ãʱ˵ǱȽϳġ
үүƶǰҲǰ꣬Ҳһ£ʱϱȽϿԣܹѰҽѩʱˡ
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𡭡ϸ磬ͲͷˣԼңѪҿŶܵĲУͱءæֹĻ
ȻֻǺٺһЦ³ֽȵ㲻й¶ϷҲܲʲôֻ̫Ϸޣֻıһŵķλλûǲ㲻飬Ϸһİ취ܹ֪벻һ
⻰˵һ㶣ѦСæʵϸ磬˼Ҳһİɣ
ҲҲϷҪǵһصţܹѼһнϵĸϢרߵ⣬ǲǳϢһַͷصĽţߵȦҲֻ̫֪мһ֣֪ŵĴڣϷ򲻲ţøЩϵ߼ϷһЩϢЩΥ飬ϷûдӦҪ³ֽȵĻܹǰϴæΪרҵ
к棬̲סʵϸ磬˵Žʲô֣˵
Žڣԭ˼ڵƣڽ֮أʮִҲᣬΪȴʮֵ͵һĵ֮Ҫһ涼ѣϷﻹЩ棬ҪϷܹһµġɵ
ԥһ£ʱΪĻͻȻʵϸ磬ȻڵǳֽϢģǿ϶ҪǮǸǴһص³ֶ飬ǹƵøҪǮ
ʳ⣬ǱȽϹĵġ
ɵǲˣҪǮǱҪڵȥ̸ҪپǶ٣ۣܽһۣǾͲˡ


933 ſվһ
ػЩ˼ҪǾͱ٣ܻۣôƵģǸϢôܻǮ
ɻһҵ͸һ㣬Ȼһָ˵ҪڴϵϢһۣ˵٣ǻҪϢ׳̶ȣϲⶥ˵𣿡
ɵ⻰˲զ࣬꣬һϢһ򣬶һǵ׼ۣһڵʲôͷǸſڡ
˵ı飬ɺãȻǽ͵һʮصţڰͨԣ˺ð£һ£ǰ飬ɹļʺܴ󣬺а첻ɵģܹ֪ڵ˺٣඼˽ˣме˲Уһ˫Э飬ҪѪģ͸¶ϢԴǷųȥģȻڵĿڷҲǺϵģͻһϢᱣܣһͻҪй¶ȥϢԴ³ֻһ֣ǲҪڵʵҪĳ˵Ǻ׵ģֵҲиɺڻĸ֣Щ˿ĺֶξֵܹģһǱҪ֪һмʲôǼûɵһСҲСǿ֪
˻࿴һۣȻ֣صĵ˵ͷʾȻ
ͻȻüͷƺЩ˵ôţȣһص
ȫûпɱԣһصǺڰϵĴа̸̣֮ɫ䣬ǿ׳һֱܵ͢ĴѹǼùġΪͬаڰǿĺԮʲô˸ڳûֻ֪ҪйӴˣһܵģǰҲкܶ཭ϼĸ֣Υ˸֮Լ֮ڣȫĪıڼУ˭֪ڵģȴκһ֪˭֣Ķ̫£һҪмǣڣǧ򲻿ɵǣҪȻ˭ҲԲ˶ߡٴθǿ
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ɵõҵĳŵͷáá
ϸ磬һһʣȻôǿʵܹѼϵϢѰҽѩǲҲ԰ǣ㲻˵һĳ飬ɹļʺܴ𣿡ѦСߵ
ʵĺܺãҲ֪ܲҵѩҵĻҲڽ֮طһ׳ˡʵ̫ޣֳɵİǺαҪѹأ
ؼǾƾǼˣҲһܹҵǽѩ
ѦСʳ֮ɵɫٴαȻɣ鲻ȥڣһĵرѵһܹȶķǷĹЧҪȥⱦҪһޱȣǸ֧¶붼Ҫ룻֪ѩڿ϶Ҳ֪һǸй¶ϢпܻܾȻɳȥԼȥңⶫһ֣ǿ޼֮ɾӣʱڿ϶һǮǼ
ôһ˵Ǽȫķڷɷͷͷǵ⽪滹ϵѰѩ飬ԶֲС
ǺãǾͰϸ˵ȥѩԼȥң³ֶֽȣڰæһϢһۡ
ѦСߺͻҲ˰õġ
ȻЩĵ˵ϸ磬Ǵ³ֽȵ飬ڴԼܸҪǮ
˼Ƭ̣˵飬˵ʲô̫ѵ飬ֻųȥ֮ھӦнߣϷڽӴʱҲˣԺ϶ҪңҾӦûῴϷһ֮ϣҪ̫ģҲͶҰɣЩǮܹõ𣿡
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ͺãȻǮͿðˣȷһʱ䣬ʲôʱأɵ
ڴʱͻȻоſվһˣ;ʾҲҪһ͵ſڣȻ͵Ĵš


934 ű
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üͷһʵСſڹĸɶأ
һĴ磬һˮһί˵硭ûйİҾǹˮģմǱǸ߹أͽŸˣһˮ˳ȥ
С·ôûٴɵ
磬ܰɣҪûĻôأ̸ʲô͵ģⲻԩ𣿡ǷһܲӣȻЩˡ
˵ţѦСߺͻб㳯˹һѦС߱СţôɹģǷˮôʲôСֵġ
˵λ磬ǵҪҪˮҪǲȣҾȥİ䡭Ƿֵ
ǲҪȥĵطɡдʱ󵭵˵
Ƿ˵Ҫ㳯һȥ
ʱгʹһɫ˱»ص
¹ţС˵ղϸĸоһ£ûиоʲôֻһͨ˶ѣСţǲЩ̫ˣ񾭱̫ҪúϢС
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£ǼҲû˺ȾƵ£бɣֱ߳ԷҸݣֱӽɰһЩʱǱȥţڵˣѯһ³ֶֽȵ䡣
Ϊҵ飬ҲķˣĲ˵ղµѪʵʵģǶҵһ㿴ˡ
ߣҲǵõ˽ѩ䣬һ֪һصšڡ
ɵĻʮŵģ˵ܹҵ³ֶ䣬ǿ϶ܹҵ
лĻ˵ҲûãɶһУȫģԺص
ѦСߺͻȴɳԷڹ̨ϽˣԱһСŮҽ˵ʱÿղǸſڵķڴæװµһǸǷͦģС˲Աûж룬ҴõһЩϢǷԱ˵ѾˣǸԱͬദĶͦõģҲС˲
ʱҲŷҶˡ
֮˾裬ǷһصΧߣ۲ҵһһɸ˵ǷͬСɣǱһص͵ȥɲһ顣
õȷ֮ұ߳Էһ͵һ档
ϣҲ䷿һȥŵ飬ûʲôΣգѦСҲһȥ
һֱڶ糿ɲ˹ٴָֻǰģӼֱˡ
һȻɣһǲװģ˺õҲ̫һЩ
Ȼ뷨϶Щ㣬ʱװװġ
ɲû¶򵥵ĳһ֮󣬱Ǵʲôʱȥš
ҹζ࣬ȻԽԽãҾͶȥš
ǽѩֵʱ仹µʱ䣬ǰɵţǼ϶вסģ³صֶ棬ĸֶѾ𣬾ʣһ³ֶİֽȣҲһȥӴ³صһصڣһֵø˵顣
Ҽ춯뷨˲ûʲôǳ԰緹֮󣬵һԸһкȥ˻վֱ˻Ʊֱš
ڳ֮ǰһɻһͷĳ۸дšɡҲҵļУװ磬ƶϳ̫һЩ
ҲûʲôȫȻܡ
һˣ̤ȥŵĻ𳵣糿ʮӳŵʱѾˣȥǸطҲ̫żһ˻𳵣Ǿڸһͦķݣһ١
Ҫ˵صԽŰ˴룬һ
˵ζǶأҲʮֺóԣǼ˶ԵĲֺһӹԲ㷹֮󣬲ŴһɵָʾֱӵһĵطһоЩƫƧĵطһܴ˽ׯ԰Ǿׯ԰ſ˳ǳ⳵˾ˣȻط


935 ֮
˳ǳ⳵˾Զ֮Ǽ˲ϸڣҲ㲻ƫƧ߰￪һƬټһׯ԰ڴ˴һȡζ
ǰĴŹɫſڻͷͷܴʯʨӣʮ־ϸ֣ʮָߴͣһ֪ǳܹɽ֣֮ʯʨűʴĺۼвͷˡ
ʯʨӲʲô˼Ҷ԰ڷŵģеסܵķɡ
һ֪⻧˼ҿ϶ס
ȴŪʮֵ͵ҲûʲôңȺľţűʮֳأӦҲϺõľɵġ
ԶĹɫһζ
ſפƬ̣ɱ˽Ų߹ȥ˼ţҴʱע⵽ŵйɿѭģõĺᣬȻõĺأ˷
˴ԼӵĹ⾰Ǵ֮ϴһСţܹ¶һȻһߵףȥиʮ£ʮ־ģɨһվſڵǼˣȻʵǸɶģ˽ׯ԰ӭĿˣϽߡ
нǰһҪסʾҪһɴãطز죬ǵһܻ˹ء
ӣ˻ȥվһ
ţɿ˵λϸͨһһλԥҪ̡ͷٴɨһɣԵüΪͷܲ˵ҴˣûʲôϽߣ
˵ţͷ͹˰ţһĿûС
ϣҿͦţͲ£˵ͲܿһЩסˣû˵
ΪɸڵͦأһͳһŸʵǳҵ֮⡣
ҿƺûзͷոչ˰֮ٴ֣ȴš
ǰһ㣬أᡣ
֮Ǹͷٴδ˰ţһԵûҪͷŭ˵˵ǻûˣ˵ҴطˣϽҪȻǿɲˡ
Ҳܲˣ߽˶ˣûԹ
Ҫǰ䣬ɱͷһۣҡͷ
Ȼɱɫ˵λϸ磬ͷͨһԥԲͨԺǵ⣬ɱϷû㡣
һ˵ͷ֮⣬ٴζɿۣűûһЩ˵ţҪߣȥͨһ
˵ţͷһεĹ˰ţֱˡ
ʱɲͳסĻбЩ˵ϸ磬ʲôҲ̫صˣǴԶĹǮǻǰĴɫЩҪˡ
ʾ⻨Сһ㣬ʮֽ˵ǽ֮һʮǿصţ˵Ǹ³ռңһȣƨǣ͵Ǯ˼ҸƲۣ˵СһǽжţȻţĸϷҪǽԥҵǿ϶ǲģӣҪ꣬һȥ֮һжϷϣҪ˵ҪȻɣɲҪϷû
ȻһȫƾϸģǶģ϶˵ҵ
ͺãֻܸҾˡ
˵Żˡ֨ơһ죬ǴŴһ϶ղǸͷ˳ޱ˵λҵɣ
лλϸˡһ֣кǼ˹ȥ
һϲ̨ףʱޱͷȴһסǣ˵Ƕֻ˵Ҫɣû˵ҪˣŰɡ
˻һ˵Ǽ˶ɫãôǽǵǺţʲô
ɵɫһЩõ˵⼸λĳѣһģȻҪһȥȻǧ֮⣬ĳ͸ˣٻᣡ
˵գһ˦䣬ȻȻȻҲЩˡ
˿һͷһ仰˵Ҳתߡ
Ǹ̨ףû߼ͷͻȻֵȵȡȻִˣǱһɣǼѾڻȺˡ
ɻǲ򵥣ţҲòӡ


936 ܼ
תʱͷѾŴ˽ȥ
˻࿴һۣҲĬĸɵһͬ˴Ժ
սԺţǴűٴιˡ
ǴŹϵĶͷһ뻢ڵĸоܲڡ
ǼҲǼ˵ˣֵĵҲʮƽ
ԺӲŷ֣ڵ˽ׯ԰治һɽˮһӦȫÿһƵʮ־£һֵ͵ݻԽߣԽ˸̾治һǮԺҲ˵Ǽ֮һ֡󡱣ĳԺ֮ӣһѵСӴԺʶкɻζԺ֮С
ͷһ·ţĬǼˣɱֵĻǵ֮⣬ȫһѹ԰󣬸оϡ֮۾ͣ
ׯ԰֮УҲֻſԺľ£۲쵽һЩ״ԺЩ߽߱ǽǵĵطּܳһӰѸݣһҲûУʱʱĻм˫ƵĿ⳯ɨһֲ֮С
ЩǸ֣ЩһصͨɫǸҵĸоҲΪ½֮ϵĸ֣ЩܹԽΆĴڡ
ȻⶼҵĲ²⣬ûиЩ˽֣Ծ˭Ҳ
Դ̤뽭ÿһߣҶԼȽһ£ѾһϰߣʱԼһʮΣյĴһôָδá
ľҲһδεΣд
ò˵ʮǿеĻҪ£ܹôһׯ԰ôֿһԺжô
³ռһܹġ
Ӵ治Ǽܹǵģؼ˼Һڰͨԣǹٷıѹ̧ͷ
һֱԺ䣬ڵԺʱͷŽǴһ֮УļҾȫʽҾߣŶǽĶпֱӾǹŶ
Ǽ˱ͷ֮ͷԾһޱӣȥǼµ˹
˵գͷ;ֱһȥˣǼɨ˼ۣһط
ûã۵ȵŮ˹ǽһƯѦСߺͻе۾ֱˡ
ŮĸͷҲһߣǴȣˣ·ɷǺÿԶһµ̣Цӯӯĳ˹
֮ϷŵĶǸݺõĲ裬ԱߵĲ輸֮ϣһһǶ˹ǻкܹȵȥӣЦ˵ιŮԼˣɱ֣Сɮˡ
Ůͺưŵı飬΢΢һЦԵġ
һһЦһһӦǾϸѵģоȷɻϵĿս㻹Ҫ档
Ů˲裬ϸϸһ񣬿˵λò衣
˵գ˱㵹˳ȥˣѦСߺͻеĿⶼûдŮջĿ⡣
һɫǣ˭ôſƶܲˣҾͶſһСѣ۵֡
žͦģӦüֵƣѦСһڣһԵ̵棬˵ʲôƲ裬ˢˮƵġ
ѦС߼ѦǬѦλүڷ֮ԼֵĲ裬ȹһΣǲŽĺúȣλһүֵĲȣǸˢˮһ㡣
˲ںвȾͲˣоһζʲô̫ĲĻ
ߺŲ˴ԼӣһʮӣһɫԽĹӣһ޴˳ֱߣֻ۽ǵƲһۣ㾶ֱɹֵԥҵãԣڵĹܼҽ磬ʧԶӭ°
ɲҵæǼҲվһǸһѵҹã߶ţˡĳܼˡ
Цеһ֣ǱԷֱ
ʱǽۿʼǣ˵⼸λСֵǡ
վ𣬿ңܵλĳĺѣʬҵĴؽܼӦ˵ɡ
ҵ֮ǽֱվ


937 һϢ
ܼҵٶһȥʮֳԾһΪҪҶأʶ˰벽
ǽܼҺܿƽ飬ǳ˼һ֣֮ղŻҪƼ֣ɫʹŽ֮³һ֮㣬Ǹʬҵĺһǲͬ죬⼸µǼ£Ϊ֮ݣĳֵҲмӣĽѾð
ܼһǼʲô˵ʲô֮ǰ̬ˣ˵ҲֻһЩάĻģԴҳȷ˲ٺ䶯飬ǻɱʬ֣³к³ֶ飬޲һһĽ¼ܹ֪ҲΪ档
˵߶ֲ˷ڵĴܼ̬ܶȣҲҵ֮⡣
£Ҳʧһ֣˵ܼң̫ˣĴҲжţݻᡭ
˵⻰ʱԼÿģ֮ǰҶ֪˭ôǽܼңˣ۲ܲƨ
ʶ֮ǽֿܼѦСߺͻС
ʱڵɶʱֱͦ壬ʼͼӴ׵ĽѦСߺͻС
ѦСǲ˵֮󣬽һҽҡ
Ҳ֪ǲģɾͽ̨ɽ۾ʦͽܣһǹŵӣôţȵĴڣ̨ɽĻ۾ʦǿǵ·ŵĵһ֡
ڳĸվǽڸзϵĽһһĴڡ
ǽǼĲУк˵ϲ裬õĲ裡
ţкü۵ŮһˮĴ߸ĲˮˣζǰĲԾǲһȷʵǵһдˡ
ŲĹǽͿʼѯǴ˷ǰڵ⡣
ڱǿģΪǲǻй¶ǵٺĿģһ˵֮ɱǷԣ˵⣬ҪѰ·ֽȵ䡣
ɵĻ֮ǽԭ΢ЦЦʱͱЩһڲ裬һ֮󣬲Ż˵ϵܵһֱжţҲ֪һص̫ԸǼλҪѯ³ֽȵ䣬ĳֻ֣³ص崦ֶ棬ֻʣһȻصļҪҪ̽ǵϢȻҪĴʵǲװҴҲǵźܴһַյģһصǿ֪ڴǵ⣬һҪԸǣǼΪյģԡ
ǽ˵Ҿ֪ʲô˼ˣ޷ǽ˵ļΪѰ죬Ҫ̧߼۸Ķ·ֲɵӣȻܹ֪ͼȻ϶Ǽ˿ͿǸҪǮʱǿ϶˿
ҺǺһЦܼңǿżɽֱ˵Ǯܽ⣿
ǽ˵ϱ΢΢ЩЦݣϸƬ̣ǺΪѵ˵˵߷յĻǲӵģҵϸ棬λҽĳһֱѣҽĳⵥ⣬Ҳ᲻ξɽĳˣǮⷽ棬ǻҪսĳۿۣ죬һڣȡϢˡ
һıۣǼȫɫԵһ꣬Ϊ˴̽һϢ͸ʨӴſڣһ¾͸Ҫ򣬻ǵʯˣϾʹ˶򣬻ڿԶԶ
֮ǰҲ˵ǲܿ۵ģݿȷʵҲеۡ
簡磬ûһ仰Ķˡ
ɶʱסˣѦСߺͻҲȫңһΡ
ҳƬ̧̣ͷ˽磬ʵ򣿡
ţĿĳѾλϴۿˣĳŵĹܼңҲǸ°¶ģǮǾ͵ǽˡȻ
ܼңǰЩʱգĳ㣬ĳһֱԥղҽһԣܲܵĳ𣿡֪Ϊѣվ˵
ǽܼ϶ʱһϲҪſ˵Щʲô˵ܼңǾôˣǮҳ
һ˵ĿⶼңѦСߺͻпҵǾޱȡ
п϶룬Сӷ


938 ǧ
ǰֻǰҲһǽѩֵʱ䣬һѪҪɲ齫ѣпֱӾͼɵˣҿɳе
Ҳûз裬һʱҲòϾ׼˶ΪƾɵӦùˣܼʨӴ󿪿ڣһڱһĿͻȻһ飬Ҽǵڶϻµµʱ򣬾үסҵǼʯ񷶥֮ϣкܶҹʯֳһɫĹ󣬵ʱӦúֵǮŪ˼ţһССĸӵһС
鱦֮ĶҲ˽⣬ҲǱΣֻôǬ˱ｫСһҹʯ˳֮Уߵ˽ܼҵǰſƣǿŸӵСҹʯչǰ
ҹʯ⣬貶Ŀһչֳʱ˵Ŀ⣬ǽܼңʱ㲻ܵˣ۾һ˲ɵԲҲ΢΢ſˣӲ뿪Σĳ˹һ˫۾ɢ̰ɫ
ǽһʱͻȻٺһЦ˵ܼңϵôⶫүıǾһٶ꣬ҵĴұôܵӶ𣿡
һʼҽҹʯóҾһֱŽ飬ҹʯʱ򣬱ȻȻ¶ģıҾͿԶ϶϶ϵеʯͷǸʲô֪ⶫʮֱ֮˵ǴұҲΪͻҹʯ̶ȣӴļ۸һҲǸѧ
һʣǽһŻعĿԾûдҹʯջĿ⣬ֻСĶʵϵܡɷе鱦ʯһ
Ա㡭ҵȻ
ҵ֮ͬǽͻȻϵһ˫ɫףϣȻֱϷƵŪһŴ󾵣ŴнӹöӵСҹʯڷŴϸ
ȥĿӣôҹʯջĿ⣬ԵЩ̧ͷңСʵϵܣ֣

ʲôҹʯ
һȴװһʮϧģ˵ǰ⴫ұǴŴҶӵģֻȱǮһʱòôǮֻýⶫˣǮ֮󣬻Ὣ⴫ұϣڻҪºúñܲǡ
˵˵ǽܼӦ˵λƷ಻ʮͨ͸ҹ⣬ǼƷһԼǼʮɣϵܼȻҪҽĳ϶ҲԿֵһǧȥ֮ǰ̸Ӷٸһǧ򣬲֪ϵΣ
ҵţүģһҹʯֵ򣬺һ꣬ұˣ˼Ҹǿ۾һǧ򣬸һ׬һǧ
ôСһʯͷȻֵôǮϻǼСҹʯأҪó̾ڡ
ҵĸԹԣҲ̫˼ˡ
Ҿ̽Ϣģ׬Ǯģ
վмĪϵıȴ粻ȥɺͻǣһıһʣҵֱˡ
һֱһأ¶Լ֪
ŸôشأȻǽȴΪЩ̫⽫ʯͷתֵϵܣǲǾǮ̫ˣĻһǶϵһ£Ŀǰ˵ֻһǧϾ͵ʾǶˣҪȻԵһ
˵νı˵ʲô޼֮˵ֻǿʯͷˣﻹģܵӶҾѾˣ˭֪ȻֵܹôǮҲһǧ붼롣
һӶûмôǮ
һСũ峤ңֱ֡
̬ȣұ˳ˮ飬һסĸ첲˵ܼңˣһж˵ǣǽһμ棬͵ǽѣļˡ
ãˬ죡Ǵ˵ǽ绶ϲѣһķⶼŲ˫֣֪źˡ
һ֮Ŵˣ
Ĺ򣬱һʮСС˼䣬С̧ͷһۣȻ첽뿪˴˴


939 뿪
ɿڴ㽫ӵСıܼʮָˣ˵Ҳĸһкһ߾Ҫʱ
Է鱻Ҹлˣ˸˵ϻҪ
ܼʮ飬֮£ִ뿪Ҳûǿ
ԼĪʮӵĹ⾰ղ뿪Ǹֻˣһ˻󻹸һ˿ܴĺɫƤĹңǵǰ
֮󣬽ܼҵɫͱȻʹ˸ɫʹ˺ɫƤƤһ򿪣ǵװĿɶһһİԪ󳮣˵ģⱲӶûмôǮǸûмһ۾ֱˡ
ϵܣһǧҪҪһ£΢Цſҵ
һٺһЦ˵ˣܼһŵùģǾô˵ˣһֱڽţʲôԴ绰֪ͨңǺܸܿϵ
˵ţкѦСͳɫƤ˹ȥһһҪߡ
ʱ򣬽ͻȻ˵йصģ̽Ϣ飬ϣϵܹһ£Ǳ˴֮仹ҪѪģ߲͸©˿͵ݺͼҲ˵ǴõϢ˫鷳λÿɺã
ҵ˵ͷʹɿ֪أҲûʲô˵ģڳ˵ȫۼһ𣬸ָüĴһĨһָ죬㷢ѪģһҪڵģѪʮֶ񶾣漰ԼһӴˡ
ȻǽܼҲû⣬ǷһѪġ
ʵͦõģǲὫǵϢй¶ȥͬҲڣ˫кôҵͦ޳ǵʽġ
Ѫ֮ǽܼڵׯ԰ЪϢ˵ׯ԰ܴרŸ׼ĿͷһжǰǼ׼õģ֤⡣
ٴл˽ܼҵĺ⣬ׯ԰ãׯ԰֮߶ܸоһֱ˼ӵĸо˺ܲڡ
Ȼҿ϶˵ֻ˵ѾȥͲͷܼˡ
ܼҼҪߣͣ˼ԺСţһֱǵԺſڣָ
Ǽ뿪ʱ򣬽ܼһ˵Ҫ˿뿪ϾôֽڴߣۣǵҪ鷳
ҺǺһЦǼٱ˾ѾܺˣϴģǾҿԡ
ܼĲ񻰣ǹָ֮󣬱㲽뿪⴦ׯ԰
ѦСߺͻʮֳصĺɫƤһ·߳·ÿһҲһټʮһǧ˵أǶߣʮҲʲô
ôǮ·оǲһǶر
Զڵׯ԰֮һƫƧͣ
ʱѦСЩ̲סˣһ·ĻշǺɫƤСţѾţȣǸʲôǴģѲҵĴұ
ҡҡͷЦʲôұֻеƬطļҹʯҲûôֵǮʮҾ;ˣ˭֪ǽֱӿһǧŵҲȥ
ҲٺһЦ˵ӷ𡭡СŵˣҲŵĲᣬһСʯͷȻôֵǮ˵ﻹûУҲȥ
ǵطǣǲȥģҲ˵ҵأҪҪпգÿ˸üɫ
а˰֣Ц𰡣Ҿôһ˵һУҪôǮʲôһȱ˳Ժȣ
΢΢һЦ˵ϴǮӣǮأҪôҲûãУλΪҵҲûʲôñģֱӽǮ˰ɣһ˶ʮ򡣡
ѦС߷˸ۣ˵ѾҲͲ˵֣һ˷ֶ壬Ҳ̫һЩĸ岻ɣ
һ˵Ǽ˲ЦǣҸղҲûж룬һ˶塣
ȣɱЩ˼ıСţϷûаʲôæԭΪܸ㶨飬ǽֱҪϷͦⲻȥģǮϷǲҪģߣϷΪҵĴˣȱϾǲǮϷֻϷһԼðɡ


940 ϲ
ҶȱⷽҲ֪һЩⶼķϵ࣬Ϊһ㶼ǲ˱ܻ֣үģȻҪЩķһЩѵ
ҪǮɣǻϾ͵Ǻ
ҿɣʮϵ˵ϸ磬ǧô˵ǸҰһæǰҲ˽ѩֵĴλúʱ䣬һһصڣҪЩǼڵųĶ֪Ǯ飬֮ѾԲˣûʲôþˣⲻǻ׬һǧ𣿡
̾ϢһЩε˵ʱϷҲûü㣬ڿ⣬϶ⱾģǿɫѣϡУֵܹһǧ򣬹ǽһת֣۸ܷһӿģСˡ
˵ţҡͷ̾ϢһЩʹļס
ȻҲûоʲôʧһʯͷ
õʱֵòʱһʯͷ
Ǯڶ˵治ʲôҪĶñãܹҵ³ֽȵϢҾѾֵˣŲȥǮ
ɵǰģҲݸֽǬ˱ңǼСı˳ⶫһóʱɢһɫĹâһɫĹâǽĸ˶С
ǰүŪǸɽ棬ͷʵ̫ˣ˵Ҳϰٿţ쿴һСССݣûʲôϡģǶǼ˵ǾͲһˣղǸӵСĶһǧǼСģһһ¾ܹס
ҽŴŵıóʱ˵۾ͬʱɵԲˣҲͬһʱ䵹һ
񰡣ϹӵѺϽۡѦСߺݺһĭǴŵıһѴ˹ȥаһЩ֡
ⱦƺǴ˿̵ҶȻóҲⶫ̫ÿˡ
Сߣž͸ˣ⻹һţУһһϸ϶ǲҪġ˵ţٴνǬ˱ңҲҪһŸóѦСʱһץסҵ֣ǿŴŵıңЦˣͱóˣ֪Ǹ缸ҪЩ֮ҲûʲôãѦ׬ǮĻ·ǣ˵ǧڶǮб㶼ţȱǮʱ϶ſڣֵ֮ͲҪôˡ
С˵ļǣ㶼ŰɣԺٲ˸ǮǡҲЦ˵
Ƕ̬ȣȰĻԵˣ˵ͷ˵ҲãǮͱ͵ǼĴԺõŵʱ򣬾ſڱǡ
˵գұ㽫Ǭ˱֮УӳƱһǬ˱
֮ûڽӵǰװǬ˱ǲ֪ҵֶΣƲ¶˼һеģʲôǰҪ͵һЩԼĶ¶Խ࣬ͻһΣգ߽ϲ⣬ѣ˵ͳ˵ˡ
һж˵
ʰ׵֮Ǽ˱˴·֮ϣһֱȥĵطÿ˾ͦ룬һ·֮ûţһһǽܽŵһЩ飬Ҫ˵ĵطǾǱϾ·һƬʲǫ̂óԵǾ͸ˣʲôʮ˽ֵ黨ӣը⣬ļӣǼˮ˳
һСʱңǾ͵ǷǮˣǾͿɾ졣
һǼıݣһ¾Ϳ䣬ҲһǮ˵
˾Ƶ֮Ǽ˽žͳţ˾˵ģȥ˱ͺƽ·һȦһ·֮ϣǿʲôԵģ붼룬ֱӾ
һȦ֮ǾһͦĹӣʲôޣɽ亣ζһҪõľƣֱӿȣòʹ졣
һжԵʮ˳缸ʮֿġ
ڵĽ˵ˣ֮ھͻнǶѰ³ֽȵ仹ǺаյģһҲ̫ġ
ΨһҪƽϵıν³ֽȵĵؽ磬ֽȵ³ֶһص³صһݵ㣬Ҳһļֶ汻Ϣǰֽȿ϶ˣǼ³ֶ飬Ǹǰֽ˾ӣȻϼӷԣҪǣô׵顣


941 ݴɳ
ڶ˵ֻĵĵȴڵϢĵһжǶࡣ
ͷȻֱһʼ³ֶʱҲӲͷƤϵģǲһ˰취
׼ľֻԼӵСĽĴ㣬оǸԼһ·
һڵİæػ°빦Ϣľʹ³ֶ䣬Դǰֽһ䲻⡣
ļ죬Ǽ˾ŵй䣬Ժ֣һ·ɧʲôźӣĻֹ֣ȡʲôȥģĸ˻϶һ飬Щֲ˼ĸо
סǼƵ͸˵ˣǲҼҵһҪ󣬶¥һӾأϵʱǾ㷹ƮӾյģô⡣
ͲŪһ󱣽ˡ
˵¶ǻоģǷǷģһȥ󱣽ֱ˦ǮҪȥԼȥǼǲȥ֪⻨ҲֻһͦļһҪȥˣƫֲˣѦСһ·ɫ϶һϴС
Ǹ缸ң˵ĳ糿ʱͻȻͽӵڵĵ绰绰ڵĽӣ˵Ϣˣֱȥһˡ
˵ĺ֣أ˵֮󣬺ܿ͹ҵ˵绰ҪǼȥ̸
ҽ¶缸˵һ£һ⼸Ҳ湻ˣʲôɽ亣ζҲԹˣһɰͰ͸ݲƵһȦģôȥǼ˲ɡ
ò˵ĸоˬ
ˣҲû˸¶
һϽ𴲣ʰһŴһ⳵ֱڵķȥ
ʻ˴ԼһСʱ֮˱ڻͦԶĵط˳Ȼһ·ţרһЩεС·ߣͳڵķȥ
ǰģǱ˶ңԻСĽһЩĺá
ǵڵſڵʱǽƺϵǻʱߵſڣ֮ǰŵǸͷԺţкǸϽȥ˵ǽܼڵǡ
ǰȣ⿴ͷǵ̬Ⱥ˲ֻһǰҲһЩЦˣȻǽӶ˽
ͷҲһ򵥵ĽɫΪܸߣܹоĳܹڼʮ֮ѹңҲöʦֺСȵĻ
ǽԺ֮󣬺ܿ˹Ժš
ǿͷĽŲܿ죬һһ߻ͷǣǸһЩصӡ
һΣһֱԺӣ˺Զ·һСԺǰͣ
治֪ڽôһƬׯ԰ɶôԶľ룬Ӧ䱸һǣ롣
СԺŸͷͣԵƬ̣ǰţӦһͷǹȥ
ǽ֮󣬾Ϳǽվǹ֣˵λˣʧԶӭ
ܼңϢˣ̲סʵ
ţȷʵõһЩõϢ֪ͨλġ΢΢Ц
³ֽĶٴʵ
̧ͷһۣǹŵģʲô
ǽߵһ޴ԣкǵλ
˵ţӷһܲ۵ĵط£Ǿ޴ͻȻһ¡¡죬Ȼһ϶˽ȥȻкǽ
ôǷǽжڣԼĵ̣ȻҲ˷ǵıܹĻǼõġ
Ǽ˲û˿Ļɣ롣
ȫȥ֮ǰŲĹرա
ʱҲŷ֣֮ж죬װ޵ݻһˮĸߵľʼҾߣǽϻźܶɽˮһȫǳ֣֮Ӧü۸񲻷ơ
ǼһųϷ׷ǵĶ档
ǽӲŵλϢǻ˲ٹһʮܣԲ¶κŵģǾԷģһ㣬һй¶飬ɾˡ
㾡ܷģǼǹĽ飬ֲġҵ
ͺãģ෽̽Ƕص֪³ֽȵ䣬³ֽȵķֶڲݸһɳѵĵطǸطڹŴһսʱڵ飬Ǹطʬ򣬰׹ۣأΧʮ֮ûһס˵һϣ죬ǵطᴫսɱ֮ڣɱ죬ʮֲֿû˸Χסһص㽫³ֶǸڡ


942 һ
³ݴɳѡ
һǵһϢǼ˻ЩССļ£³ֶϢǾܹһˡ
ҳһ£ʵܼңôȥأǴɳΧҲвãڷĶҵ˴ɳѣҲǰɣ
΢΢һЦ˵λõģȻǽ죬ǿ϶޾ϸ׵ģϵܵǮ϶׻ǲ̽鵽³ֽȵ䣬һһԱϢڴɳʮ￪һµĴӣһŶķϺ޶Ůһˣһµĵͱʵصͦһص³ֶԱһʲôϢͨ˴Ȼ³ֶԱܾһĿǰ˵Ǿ֪һҪĻ߻취
΢΢һЦһ˵ܼң¶صԱҵˣȻˣͺðˣǼа취ڵġ
ĳʮϵܵʵģ³ֶˣ³ֶҲߵ˾ͷĳҪһ£³ֶ϶Ѿݾˣ³ֵĶ̫ˣǲûκ׼һлҪС£ֻ̽Ϣȫɾ͹ܲˡһıӣ⻹ûأͽе鶼Ʋ˹ϵ
ҵͷ˵ܼң¶Ͳ˵ˣǳţûаǣ
Ǻãҹζ࣬ҪȻǾͶȥݸɳѣսپΣ
ϻ˵ļǣΪ³ֽȣǿǿ˺ü£˵ɶҲҪúôһѦСҲЩԾԾԵ˵
СǣļԲȶ¶żãҪı㣬ĳλѣһ£Ҫǡǽٴ˵
лܼҺȰģȻˣǾһˡ˵ţվǽܼһ˵
ѦСҲվǽӿһ
Ǵ뿪ʱǽͻȻֵλĳλһ⣬費Ҫһأ
⻰˵Ǽ˶һ㶣ȫͣ˽Ųתͷ˽ӡ
ܼң˻⣿ɻ
ӺٺһЦ˵Ķǽϵ⣬ṩɿϢ֮⣬Ҫ˵ϢԴҲֻǸҵ
һ£ǽӳ߽Ȼֵһȥ³ֽȣĪ⣬ǼȻʵǿǸ³ٺȣǵһЩĳרŹӶĶ֣۸ʣ費Ҫ˹ȥֻǿԵġ
ǿϣǹӶֵ鶼뵽ˣʮգҪǿıԣԼҲãҳƬ̣Ц˵ͽܼҷˣǸ缸ͿˣòٹӶˡ
ƺԤϵһ˵ǽ΢΢һЦг˵ϵܣҷģڵˣͶʵģǱ׽ˣҲ͸¶κһǸĺ֣Ϊ֮ѡϺȵģؼǣ³ֶԱֲʱǵҲԸ·֮ǰȥǴɳ׵ģ·ϤĲǿǣ
Ϻ갡Ҵ˹ȥûˡ
˵ˣǽ˵һ³ֶԱǸӲӣʲʲôһҲ³ֶڣٻߣǴһȥҲǷͷһĨڣ޹
Ƶĺǰŵ˿ǲҲôˡ
֪ܼҸŵʲôλʵ
һָЩ˵ǵ˶ǾѵģΪߣкܶ⼼ܣ֤ŲԿʵɱԽر֮˲ţϾһ⣬ҲǮǴۿۣҲһһ㿴Σ
ֿ꣬ģʽˣǸǴ·Ҳ˼һһ
ҿڣǽֵɶǵֻܽǴ³ֶڣһǽȥˣǵ˱ȫˣһȥðյģĳҪΪҵ˵ȫ𡣡
ʱǵĿⶼңȻ֪еӣҲòӦҲǼ˵ȥðգڵ˸Ҳһرգ֤ǲǡ


943 Ǯ
ãɽҺˬӦ
ɿڵһɲǼ䣬ӵŷʱЦһջæ˵ȳ֮ϸҰ˼棬ȻǼҲǵ֣еĻԸǵֱΪֹ
ʵǰŵ˵ǲû̫⣬ֻǸǴ·İˣ׬ǮǾ׬ˣҲһʯͷģǮһҲۡ
˵䣬ӱ߳ңǰȥǸ֮С
·ϣѾϢĴǬ˱ó˶øϴװϣС
ص֮ǰĹ򣬱ʮĺӳŴ֮˽һӣǽһΪܼҡ
ǽӵ˵ͷδ𻰣תͷǣ΢ЦŸǽǰӡ
궼ʮ꣬ɫ䣬εɱ϶в
һͦߣԼһװ˼˵Ǹߴͣɱ֮Ȼ
һȻߣǿžͳʮֽʵ̺ȣվһɽһ㡣
ǸӸߵĽʹһѿ쵶뻯ڻſ쵶塣
԰һЩǸǽǮһѿͷɽ⻹óһճʮ˵ֶΣ˵һĸֻҪϣ
һһϣȻҲǰʲô¶ӿڳԣҲһǰλ֡
ҳŻпһۣдʱҲҿһۣһЦ
ܿ죬оվ˳ǰǮһ֮󣬲ŶĽ˵ܼңɲԣ
Ա㣬ҵֶֿɺݣʦһǽһЦ滢ģƻ벻⡣
ƺǽӵ֮иоһ˿֮⣬ǰһ˵λһϰɣ
Ǯһ˵üͷ΢΢𣬿˽ӣӰ۾˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
Ƭ֮һѺĳǮӺ֮ϽĿͷ˳һ˻֮ơ
һԲϾҪĽ࣬˷׷˿˼ÿ˺ôһƬ롣
ڵʮֿҲʩչ
վһԸַ緶
ǮһɱڣôԶҶܸоɢɱ֮
ܵ˶֣ӱ˵λһҪ㵽Ϊֹ˶Է˺ûУ
ǮӦŵ
ûأһѿ쵶ͳŻϿ˹ȥ
ʱҲŷ֣쵶岻ǽ죬Ҳܿ죬գ֮䣬֮ƣŻеļϿȥгֿȭһΣǿ쵶һλյĶȥһͬʱǮһ師ҲŻ˹Ǵ師յĻ磬һҪɱ˵ơ
ѸٵĶ˹ȥ±֮⣬һɣһĵһʮָ͵ȭ˿ٵ
һһӵĹ⾰㽻ʮغϣ˫Կ죬ȭ֮䣬ɱǼΪһ亹
гҲûеһȷԺʱ
ʱһһţڴ֮תŲ֮еߵļҾ߶յ˲ǱǮһǱһնΪ룬һʮеʱ򣬵áһ죬е±Ľһ»һӣһбȭֱӽǮȥԶڵء
˫һεķֿ˻ʱ򣬻һֱӽħ˳ģƺ뽫½⿪ŭĿ
زѾʮȷˣӸҵȷʵûٴȥıҪˣиˣ϶Ҫʼˡ
˻ҪٴʱҺס˻УȻӵܼңҪˣǶպá
˵ţұ㽫Ǯӵݸ˽ӣֽӹǮٺһЦ˵ϵܣҪҪٻԣ⻹вٺ֡
ˣ˱áҿ˵
㣬̸£ˣǮ֣ͣǳ˴ȻźԺķȥںԺͣһΪ׼׵ˡ


944 
ԽǸӽԽɲ⣬֮¶֮У͵⣬ûĹ򣬾ͻ߰򣬹ֲôһݼҵƵٶȣɾ򸻺ǲ˹ˡ
ҵʱ飬үеǸɽó˼䵱ݵıڵŶˡ
Ǯʹĥ仰治٣ֻҪǮλܶ࿴ڵ飬һжǰˡ
ǿͣںԺл⣬ǽЦе˵⳵͸ˣǮ˴ȥ·㲻õҲطˣôڵķܵɣ
ܺãлܼˣͲڴ߶ţǽȥǲݸɳתתһֵ
ĳףλһ·˳磬ɽģˮٻᣡҲһ֣ЦеĿǼһۡ
ǮĬѾ˼ʻ͸ʻǼֱ˺
⳵ģʮֿһҲӵ
忪ųӺԺĳϢʻڵĺԺȻ˼Сֱ˱Ÿ·Ϸɳ۶ȥ
һ·֮϶ܳĬưͣһԲֻſ
˵Ĵڣǵ棬໰Ҳ˵
ڳʱ򣬴Լʮӣ߸٣һ·ʻݸؽ߰ٹȵ춼
ð¶Ҳ˶ĿѾϰΪ
Σĺ˳ܾЩ㷲Ҳ˵Ҳ
һڳ϶ܳĬұãſѦСߡ
һ³֮У֮£ŴѦСߣʱ³ʱҾԺΣյжͲѦСٸˡ
ǣʮ˽ѦСߵƢ鶼زȥĻСӿ϶ɣ¶Ҿûᡣ
һ鲻ò˵ɵļȴһ˶飬ǸķӣˣƤ϶Ҫ˸ɼܾǷˣȻҲǸߣΪҾͲ֪ˣҲ߲ȥ
ǼԱûʲôģһʲôյ飬϶չ˲ɣҵ˼ǾͲɸһȥˡ
ȵϳǵʱҾ³ȻһǮֱ͵Ҽס죬ǰ֮
֪ȴΪصһЦ˵ǸüƽİΣȻķӣԱıµģʲôֶΣصĲ˵ֻǸ˵ʱ֪ˡ
һ·ţһ·ɳۣһСʱ֮󣬴һﶼЩˣλϴ
ʱͻȻɰ۾żͭǮŰ֮˼£Ȼüͷ֪ʲô
ζ֮ٴ۾ȴһĳ֮ɫ̾Ϣһ
һ̾ϢһԵĻкѦС߸ˣ׷׿Ϊΰ̾Ϣġ
üͷ˵ղŸ³֮вһңʾ׻Ϊ岵·ˮѰգˮ֮ףǬ󡭡
һͨרҵֱӽǼ˸˵ȦˣⶼɶɶҷһҲûס
ȻҲථһЩа֮ȴԶԶûķӶ¡
еɴ˫ۣʵ˵ϸ磬ܲ˵ͨһôһҲûأ
һ̾Ϣ˵ϷѾ˵ĺǳˣѵûף
Ǽ˶Դҡĸ˹һǰŵλҲعͷһۣһãȻ֮ɫ
ȻЩäûа취ֻøǽ˵ʾһȥϣĪϿһ˿ߣֱһƬհף߽ô꣬
³Ϊ
޷֣ҪôãҪôҪôϡƽʲôûԤʲôҲͲ
ģǼ˶Щ
ˣȻ㲻ǾֻܿǼ˵һ򶼲Ӧûɶ⡣ѦСߴֵ˵
Ҳæһţ˵ûɶ⡣
϶ⲻȥһﶼΪҶģҪΪǵһȥ˭и̵ģԸȥǰֽȱˡ
ҿ϶ȰǣֻǰԸԼһʲô⣬϶ҪԼȶȥǵѾܵĴᡣ
˶һ·Ĭٴα۾ֻûߵͻȻҵӣҵݹһֽ


945 Ԥ֪
һ£֪Ǻ⣬ǿɫأ㽫ֽ˹͵͵Ĵ򿪿һۣܿұ㱻ֽϵݸסˡ
Ҵҵɨһֽ֮ұŽǬ˱֮С
ֽдģСţϷղŸǼ˶һԣʾ˶һƬհףΨǰλǴ֮࣬ӡ
ǰλָĽӸλ֣Ǯˡ
Ȼ֮ǰزʶҲǻ˴Ǯ˹ģǴһȥȴҪ˵϶Ҳǹⲻȥ
¶Ҳ˵ֻ˳ǸѦС߷һţֻɣҴöŹͨһ¡
һҲֻһķӣҲ֪Ϊɶֻ
ɿ϶ǻõġ
ѦС߲ԣǽֻɡ
ţҾ͸ɷһŹȥҪҪ˽͵ɳֱ֮۷ȥƾ׵ĶлйҰ
ȻȴҲҪţ˵˵дһ٣֪ã˵ΣҲӲһΣ¶ѣմȾֻͷϣһԵɡ
õɵĴ𸴣ҵͦصģԤ֪ĸоܲãԸ֪
ҵ︺
Ȼ֪ˣҲΪÿ˵˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
һֱɻĸ˵ΪʲôһƬհףʲô˼أ
Ҳʾ֪˵Ҳֻо˲֪ʲô
ȻܲȡжɲûٻظǽֱֻӻѦСߣȻҡҡͷ۾˵һ仰
ʱҿɵɫֲôÿˣƸղŲʱһԪ
ֻѦС֮˱ں濴ǵ¼ҲһɻҡҡͷʾҪţ˳˵
˸µڳϣųľɫҹɫ
ֹ˲һСʱֱ֮˸٣ʱѾ˲ݸľڡ
طԲôԣʻһСʱ֮ͿʼĿӿȻ·ɽ·ֵ˲СʱӲͣһɽҰ롣
֪һ˵ǰѾûˣֻܲУ´ѾԶˣԼҪ߰ɽ·ʲô˼ھжأҸطЪϢһڶж
²˳٣ҹζ࣬ȻǽϾжˡ
ȻЩ㷲¶Ҫ죬Ѿǲٻȥˡ
ղҲʹɣ˼ǲ޳ȡж
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôƽ൨ڵӣܸһָĪ֮С
Ǽ˳֮󣬱㽫ǳӿһƬŪЩӲ֮Ľڸס
Ǽ˼򵥵ʰһ£첽´ķȥˡ
Ǯڴˣ֪·ģ³ֶڲǲ˽⣬ҪץסǷϺһ£ǲ³ֶİ취Ϊ֪Ī⣬ǲŲòʮֵСġ
鷳һЩҲԼСЦ
һˣҹɫ֮УǸ´ķǰС
Ǽ˶ûҴ·ǰУֱߵĵ·Եӣ˵ľ
³ֶѾ˾֮˵⸽ǵߡ
ǰ֮߰һƬɽ˴Լʮ˼ңʱóֻһʱ䣬Ͼŵӡ
Сׯ󣬶һͨ磬мŵƵġ
Ǽ˽һƬС֮УǮָɽ֮һʮưܵСԺ˵ǸСԺӱǷϺľͷڴס˼ʮ꣬صĺҲǸ˳϶³ֶ̽ӣҪ֪ʲôץסһ±ã¶ҲԽֵѶƹ¶Ǻ졣
˵⻰ʱǮ΢΢鴤һ£͸һɺ壬ĥˣȷʵӦһ֡
ǸȣǲһѦСĥ˵İ취϶ҪֲһЩ
۾۲һǷϺСԺӣʱһ⣬ȻͷԺӾС֮УסͦԶģȻǿΪ֮ΪһЩ˵ĹҲ³ֶ˽йͨ
ҲãסԶҲж˵ע⡣
ԥƬ̣Ҵһӣ˵ж
Ȼһ˱һȫèһ㣬ǷϺסٵĿ


946 ǰ
ϺסһƬɽӲݺ
һ˿СԺΧʱ򣬶ʱŵһʮŨҵɧζͷζʮֳӡ
ͷװģı²ŪһȺڼ
һһص̽ӣҲǷˣܹ͵Сһ´ô꣬򻹷ˡ
ǲϺǽԱߣȻҸ԰һ·ֹ
һҺѦС߸ͷļѣû׽ס
кɣԼļλһҺѦСʧֵĻΧ֧Ԯͷг·
źһ֮˿ٵɢҺѦСһ˱һֱߵǷϺļſڣҵĴźܼªüľƴģͬ裬һž߿
ѦС߿űȽƣһģĴ磬ɤӺˣûڼҡ
˴Լ֮󣬲иϵӦһȻǾű򿪵һϺһްͳ˹
Ϻʮ꣬ģ׺ӣʮ־裬ڴſ׵ĵطͣ˭
ѦСߺǺһЦæ˵үǹε¿ѣɽ·Ҳطˣ뵽ֿˮȣ֪㣿
ɶ¿ѣǵ¿أͷװһ֪ӣŲӲͣĴҺѦСߵ
ѦС߱Ϻ仰ֱӸ±ˣһ£Ž͵үǲǷ¿ģǾһ棬¿ѵĺѣ¿ѣҺѸɢˣ·ֿˮȡ
Ƿͷ˵ͷ˵Ŷԭô¶ɣģҼиտˮ
˵ţ˹õĲţתƵĴǳӵķȥ
ʱע⵽һ⣬ͷѾ˯ˣһײ˵·ҲǺҴģӶûпۺãһɧζ֮⣬һЩζҲ˵ʲôζ
Ƿͷתһߣһ߸߶˵Щ˰úڳܣͰ굽ЩƧɽ棬ɽǺΣյģⲻԶĴɳѣÿ궼ҪʧٺüˣҶҲ˵˵ЩǰϹ֡
˵ŻʱͷѾƿţҺѦС߾͸׵ľ룬ܿҺѦС߱˴˿һۣҲŽȥ
ʱǰ棬ϾҪ̤ǰŵŵʱͻȻ䣬һһоһɾ޴ΣһĞųӦȫÿһ񾭣ƤͬʱҰһãŲһȻһֳֻѦСһѡ
ͬʱһѷĳìѾ˳ҵֱ˹ȥ·һӣѦСڱһѵԵʣҲյĶ˹ȥ
ͲôһҸѦС˾ͳʦδˡ
ͷһǺ«Ҳǹ
С֮ҸѦС߱ٵĶһۣ֮ж޷ƵľȺ;֮ɫ꣬ͷʲô˼һҪǵδʶô֪Ҫǰֵģ
Ƕ㿪ìһ̣ҺѦСͬʱƹ˳ìų˹ȥ
ľľס˵ߣʱһء
ȻȥֲһĻַˣںҺѦС߿˺öŹ۾Ŀ
Щ۾͵ľͳ˹
ҺѦСٴ˼󣬱һһԾ𣬳˹
˵һƾǶ񹷵Դĵ˹ȥǶ񹷵˵û˶
Ǿ񹷵󣬽ϵǿ׳ɽͦǾͳײ˹
ҵʱȦˣɱġ
Ҳ֪ζԸЩɽʱѦСһӣ˵
ȻСӾ͵ҵǰ棬һ֣һƬ棬˳ǳɽϣɽֻҪ·ҩ渲ǵĵϣҲȫһȫſ˵ϣѦС߿϶õлɢ
ЩɽǳʱӵĴһ죬ǷͷӺֱˡ
ЩɽֻǷͷʱģƵĺܺãվ׼Ĳ֣ΪʰĲˣǲϳ򣬽Ҳѡ


947 źŵ
ǰһ˵ֻʱŶ䷿ӵĺ󴰻˹ȥ
ߵһÿͷһӰǰһζ
ǴǽͷȥģһͲӰ
һũϺô֣Ȼ³ֶ̽ɡ
һ̣ҺѦСҲ첽׷˹ȥһԺǽ֮ϣͷһֻԳһ㣬˳Ӳʯͷɽһֱȥ
ӵһǴӣΪʲôߵķȥѡߵĵطأ
Ƕ룬ҺѦС߾Ժǽ׷ͷȥͷܵٶȺܿ죬һӣһ߻ͷ߿ҼɽʱͻȻ뻳һ
תͷһЦȻ͵һеǸֻһХǶһ⣬һХֱӳȥ
Ҳźŵ
³ֶˡ
ųźŵҵĶǾжʧˡ
Ÿ´壬ûüжͱ˷˶ߣȻһ֪ΪΡ
ѦС߸һ㣬ڿǿźŵ֮ͣ˽Ųɵ㶵ĳǱ߿ȥ
Ȼڴʱֳתֻáˡһ죬еϽȻƮɶֱӾͽǷϺŪźŵڸסˡ
ʮϲľսһĻǷϺųźŵ׶ûзɳֱӾͱеϽ𲧸סˡ
ûûǱϽ𲧸סˡ
ԭǷϺǻһĨóѰЦݣֱϡ
Σֵͷ±ˡ
ǵļƻûб¶źŵûзȥ
Ͻ𲧿סǸźŵֱ֮ӡಡһǷϺ˹ȥ
˵ϺЩֶΣһΣ֫ڵأоֻɽèƵģֱƹϽ𲧣һ࣬ȥ
ֻⱯߵķϺûӳȥʮףŴɽ֮϶Ȼðһǿ쵶壬ৡһͳŷϺϿȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ϺһתֱһԾҪٴγһ룬ֻֻԾһ룬һӰð˳ֱӾǷϺӡ
Ӱʹճʮ˵Ķ̴ֺӣ˲һ𣬹һţɽµ
ҺѦС߸ûȥ׷ֻɽµűá
Ƭֱ֮ӹ䵽ǵĽűߣȥʱǷϺֱӱǮǰצһĲסˣӱģĶˡ
ǽƼˣӡ
ɵĲҳǮ΢΢Ц
лү佱һ˵
óһֱǷϺϲ˼ȦУˡ
ǷϺĲţѲãûü;ͱˡ
ѦС߿첽ǰóлɢǷϺһ£ûˣֱӾ̱
ͷû˷֮֮Ǯֱӽ䱻󣬳ǷϺԺȥ
ٴλصԺʱ򣬾ͿԺ˿Ѿ˵ɵʮֻȫǱѦСߵлɢŪġ
ƿЩֱ߽˷Ϻ
ʱѾʮˣɽ
Ϻ¯ӣյͷһյСݣյӰӰ´£İʮּ򵥣Ҳʮֳ¾ɣɢһɸܵζ⻹ô֮ȥɧζ
кܶࡣ
ϺθЩɽһסġ
ǮֱӽϺ˵ϣ島ȥϵĽϺбŵϣ۾ֵɨһۣݺݵһĭ֮󣬲ŵ㡭˭ΪʲôҪң
ҴԱһֱ˷ϺǰٺЦ˼ңӦ֪˭ɣҪȻղʲô
ǷϺװͿ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҡҲʶǡ
ž˵ֱ꣬һƾͳ˹ȥͷǲͣµѪ
۾Ŀ©׹⣬Ƶ˵˼ңأϲӣҲϲ˷ʱ䣬Ȱ㻹ʲô˰ɣöܿͷ󻹲һУ
ȻͷѼӣرӲҡͷ˵ҡ治ʶǡ
ղΪʲôҪ͵ϮǣҪǷӦ죬ƶ㴮Ǻ«˰ɣѦСЩŭδʵ
ΪҡҿϴΪǴءǷϺѦС߱Ļľ˵


948 ǿӲͷ
ҵɫͷǳ˳Ĳˡ
ڴʱһԵͻȻһ֣˵үͲͷˣֵһ׵ġ
ҳһ£ܿ͵˵ͷһֱǰ԰һ£Ծ͸һᣬҲ뿴ǵͷġ
˵䣬ٴγֽǷϺýˣǮסǷͷһֻ֣˵Ķʮ죬϶ǰûٸ顣
˵һɸҵֽ˵Ǵ֮࣬ӡ
³Ϊˣ
ǰͷɲʲô򵥽ɫֻҪһصˣմȾѪȵġ
һֵķͷڵ֮Ǯܿ츩ȥٺٹЦ˵ͷһҪ˵ؾͳǵͷǾ֣ͣöһȰһ䣬ھ˵Ǻαأ
Ƿͷסͣ﷢ص죬ǮҡͷΪ
¿ǽǰˡ
Ǯ˵һִֻԼĴӸ˳ȻҾͿǮͷ߸߾Ȼص͵һ¾ǷͷСĴָϡ
ͷ۵۾ɵԲ۵Ѫ˿˲ͷ֮亹졣
ҲǸӲӣ۳ˣǲС
ʱҲųǮǱ߿ȥǮŸͷնǷͷСĴָõǸͷı棬öֱͷСĴָһؽڣСĴָĹؽڶʱķ飬Ѫģ
׻˵ʮָİҵһĻҶЩ飬СĴָʹʹ
ʹ޷ָģΪͷ׵ˣѦС߹ƶûа취
һ湻ݡ
ͷǲУͼָͷÿһָͷһؽһؽڵı飬ǶͷǶ߻죬⶯ֲ̫ˡ
ҿѦСߺͻе϶ֳһ˿εľֱ֣תͷȥ
һֽڷȣĥǶôõһ飬ǵĸоʵ޷ᡣ
ǷͷĵڶָͷʱͷڳŲסˣֱӾͻ˹ȥ
һǯӼ¯һյͨ̿𣬷ͷϣšһ죬ͷðһỤ̋ʱһƤⱻ˵ζǷͷֱֱˣ͵۾۾ȫѪ˿ϵ亹о˾Ǵˮ̳һ㡣
ζɧζƤ⽹ζ˴˻һ𣬽ӵպеЩ졣
Ȼٴķͷֻɻûеͷ
Ǯŭˣ˵ֱٴͷָͷ
һֹˣǽ⿪ǷͷϵĽͷһ޿ı飬۵ɪɪ
ǲ˵
ͷôǸӲͷҿͦʲôʱٲ˵ҾͽָȫҶϣָͷˣҾĽֺͷֱΪֹв
ֱ꣬ʮ̣˲òڡ
ֻҪǮʲôҸɵ
Ҳûټ˱ȥǿͷ˵ϴү֪ͷӲһĿκβ㣬λֵʰ㣬žֵԶˣ϶֪˭Ҳ֪ҵһЩֶΣ˿ɱ˲գ۵ģҪŶ
㡭ɱҰɡʲô˵ġͷһۣ޺޵˵
Ҳøϻٴ˵˼ңǸղǸأҪ˵͵ͷ˵⣬ҿܳŵʲôʱ򡣡
תͷһѦСߣ֮仹ʮĬģѦСߴһ£óһɫСƿӣ浹һҩ裬ֱͷȻһͷĺȷҩ˽ȥ
һԵ嵹ͦڿ죬ٴýסͷֹͣС
ȻѦС߾һִһָ
ָҩЧܿ췢ˣǱлɢסˣѾû˿̵ķϺҲʼҵһп̫ʹԵʡ
ΪѦС߸ͷԵҩתιǵһҩЧоǧͬʱڹƤĹͷڶʹȻûǰѪȣʹȴڷŴ˼ʮ


949 
ʹǳ־Եģ֮ǰ³ֶԸεʱùһΣЧܺãӲĺӶŲסӣܹסĻǾٸӡ
˾תιǵķϺҩЧܿͷˣһ˲ΪȵʹŤ۵һϺģ亹ˮһ
Ǽ˾˸طĵȺ
ҪûܹͦȥѦСŪľתιǵ
ȻûгԹҩǴҩ־޶˿ֲ
ضүιˣֻ˵Ǹ첲ϵĳһطˣ;תιǵȫĹͷͬʱʹ̣ƾǹضүҲŲסʹ
ʱһһţÿһͷ˵һһļ尾
ܿ죬ʱȥӣǷϺƺЩŲסˣڵϣϵԴײڵ棬ˡ죬ҪĵĽࡣ
ѦС߿һۣ˼ǲҪͣ
΢΢ҡͷͷˣʲôУһƢȫĥ⣬ʱͣҲ١
ͷʹʵܲˣԴݺݵײŵ棬ͷײȥѪֹ
һֱԸΪԼĥ˵ı޵еǮ龰Ҳɫ
п϶룬ǵ˵СУһȼֱͲһεġ
ѪУһӲͷķʲôһֶΣ
۽ǵ⿴ǿҵ񶼳ʮľη
Ǵ˵еɱħɱ˺壬˵ֶҲ̾Ϊֹ
һֱǷͷŹӣҲŸѦСʹһɫѦСߴһָҩЧڲٷˣǷͷһֱ̱ͦһ̯࣬ſڵֻһ㲻ٶ
ȥ˺ǷͷϲƵɴ
ͷҵĿһۡһھȻˡ
ǿҵʹθľΣʱһ㸯ζŸŵζֱûˡ
˺һǷͷŶ߶µĿң۵İ֮ɫɱҰɡ̫ˡ̫ˡء
һͷ޵ϡﻩⳡ滹ټ
Ҹɿһ˵ף׵ľôζܰɣҪǻţеʱ棬һֱ۵糿ŵĻԡ
˵ʲô˵ֻҪǱĥˡˡͷ
ܺãһ⣬Ӧ֪˭ɣ
֪㡭Ǵ˵еɱħͷݺһĭ˵
Һ֪ôҵģΪʲôڿҵһ֮󣬾ϳ˭أʳ֪һ顣
ܼ򵥡ǰʱ䣬³ֶ֮³ֶѾ´֪ͨÿ˶ƬϷҲһţͷ桭һ۾ϳ㡭ͷ˿ͷ֮󣬾ʵ࣬ʱش
Ǯ˵ߵͷĴߣͷ淭һҵһƬ˫ֽңҽӹһһҵ֤գǺüǰĵģŴߴ磬ʱһۣͦЩɵɵġ
³ֶ˻ЩֶΣҵ֤Ҳ֪ǴﵷĳģҲɷѿˡ
ƬһóĻбչһۣٺЦСţ㼸ǰһСأ㿴ڶɳɶˣһɱ
°ϳĺӣݸһЦƬֱӶһԵĻ¯֮УͻһŻҽ
۾Ƿͷ΢΢鶯˵ϴүӦ֪µķǾ˳߲֮ǰ³ֶһ½ȷ潫ǸǴ·ұҲһᣬǴ³ֶڣҲһ㿴Σ
ͷԥһ£һΪ֮ɫԥŸôشʱһԵĬͻȻ䶯һ£ͻȻãﻹˣ
˻һڣǼ˶һкѦС˲˵ߣԽ˳
ǮҲֱó˷ٵ߶ƺѰʲôټ
ҴʱǷϺʱɫһεı֪࣬ʲô
ԼĪʮ֮ǮƿһԲſڵһȻõ棬ˡ죬ǿյġ
ү϶ҪҪȥǮһȻʵ
ͷʲôʵ


950 û·Ů
ͷͱʣٴŵһսս˵ûûʲôʲôûС
ơҿһǮ˵
Ǯ͵ͻˣøͷڱ߷һ£͵һƣűһĶչ˵ǰ
Ǯľܸߣڴڵʱ򣬵˰㣬æһߣѦСʹ˹ȥҲ浽ʲôֱһлɢȥǹȷŷ˵
һлɢȥ˶յǸĶڱߣĽ䱸ĳ濴ȥҲ֪ɶ
Ƿͷʱ֨֨صĲ˵϶ʲô˵Ĺˡ
ԥƬֱ̣һǬ˱ңСȸٻ˳Ȼһɺɷڵõҵֱ֮ƮɵǶ档
ԼĪʮӣٴƮ˳ٵǰ۳һΡ
ǮڿͻȻ֮󣬶ʱŵ˼һ͸˹һ
˵ǾǼ˹һһĹСȿһнӽڹĴڣŹǰɲϢ
ߺ׾ܸоϵϢΪߣȼĹҲ˿ӡ
һΣǮܵʲô𺳣߾ȻһĹ﹩ʹжô͡
Һ֮䲢û֮ĹϵСҿһֱŮһ㿴
ȣ±ʲô
һΣұȲʵ
Դ˺һŵСŸ硭һûд·Ůˡ
ɶ
û·Ůˣʲô
˲ɣ˴˿һۣʵһˣ
ţһûд·Ĵ㡭ӰţءСֵ
Ȼ˵һˣ˻ӸţǾ˵ʱǰȫģͬʱҲ뵽һ㣬ΪʲôǷϺһֱԥԥĲ˵ʲôˣֻҪһ֪Ů˹Ϻڴ˴ġ
ԥһ£׼ȥأѦСȴһѣٺЦȻ¶ɲһ˶մˣȥ򡭡
˵ţѦС߱˳һݿٵĻȥҸϽʹһɫϽȥʲôԤϵΣա
ѦСߣåҲûˡ
һģŨü۵ģԭˡ
Ұһå֮󣬽Ҳȥ
ǮǸͷͷѾûκεвԣлɢվվ
ֲֶļһܳ⡣
û뵽ʱǸåһ˵û·ĴҲĸ˵ض
Ӣ۲ʳå
ѦСǵһȥģȥ֮ûãҾһŮʮ־ֵļ
æ˹ȥһŮӣ˿һźë̺ӵĽ˫ֻס˫֮صӽš
ûд·
Ů˵Ƥʮְ𪣬һͲũˣһֱԴ˫֮䣬ҿ
һ£ӵϼһ·ֱǸŮϣǸŮ羪֮һ󺰴УȻ֮ǰܵĪľš
˻֮תͷѦСߣСӽ˼ôˣ㿴˼Ҹŵġ
ѦС߶ʱǺЩͰ͵˵Сš㡭Ѿɶ˼Ҿͱӣܸɶ
ܸɶզ֪ٶȹİҺٺЦ
ѦСߵˣצĳСţŲ㡣
ˣˣ˭ɡåŮɨһֵۣ˵
ʱɨһȦֻвûиһһһ컨¶ʱ򣬾Բմߵ֡
˽ŮΧм䣬ǸСŮŵĻɪɪ̧ͷǡ
Ҹɿһ࣬С˵ӣ°ǲǻˣǽӵȺھٱ˵ģǷͷѾǸסˣڰȫˡ
˵ŮŴŵ̧ͷҿһۣʵ㡭˭
׷桭ѦСæ廰
ҰѦСһۣѦСߺٺһЦ㲻ٶԡ
ɳĺλҲǾɣڰȫˣȽϵӴ򿪣ȴ·˵
˵УѾ꼤˳Ůϵӻӿ£Ӧϣұк༸תͷȥ


951 ɱ
Ů˽䱸ǼҲ˾ӵģ㽫һԵ·˹ȥǴǸOO@@죬롣
۽ǵ⳯ѦС߿ȥСһֻعͷȥ͵һ۵ĸо
֮ǸŮЩų˵Ҵˡ
ʱǲŷ׷תͷȥǸԭܾС¹һŮ
ŮӿҲͶʮͷʮ㣬һͷ糤ȥЩģһ˫鶯ˮ۾һһɨӣԵʮֵľִٲ
ʲôˣôһֱĬͻȻʵ
СһֺС˵ҡҽǲݴѧѧһǰҺǰ༸ͬѧ棬ǸͷʱǸһ·ԸũҷͷͦͰģ˵ҰζǾ͸ˣû롭
˵Ůƺʲô׵£һᣬͿ޿
ڵĳѧҲ֪զ˵ǣúѧУѧϰͰ̽գøɶģؼǻϲܵɽҰΣվߣһ֪ηľ
º˰ɣʧССȥ
ڶˣٸһѧĻᣬ˵ܿ˾Ĵѧҵ֮Ҹֵַϰ࣬ð
ҡҡͷε̾Ϣһ
ʱֵżޣ㲻ǻͬЩͬѧȥˣ
һ˵Ǹ޵ĸ滨һ㣬ָŵ棬ʮ־ֵ˵ҵͬѧǷͷɱˣʬ桭ʱҳԷһʱ򣬾;úѹʱ򣬾ͷϵ·ûˣϻӣȻ󡭡Ȼ󡭡ͿͷҵļͬѧȫĿ
ŮԽԽٴη֮ȫǿ־壬˺һֵȻ󡭡ҾŻˣͷѹ֮󣬾Ϳʼ۸ҡء
ɱ͸ûþתιǵȻЩͨѧ֣ûԣѦСߺ޺޵˵
ҵüͷҲ
ֲͷܹưܵСԺô꣬ûٸĹҲį
תͷؽһӿһۣطĿռ䲻ССһԼиʮƽҵĿռ䣬İҪĽ࣬ͨ˵磬澹Ȼһ̨ӻ⻹һӰǻӵڷżŵƬЩٶˡ
϶ô廹ôãһصЩа˵뷨˾ǲһ
Ҽ˽꣬УؽѵһȦܿͷһЩߣһһЩȥʵһɨǧȥնһ֣ӣܿͿһʬ壬ʬʱ䲻̫ʬ廹ûиãֻǸ׵ЩζɢʬԱ߻ʬ壬һһŮղǾʬࡣ
˿̣ҲòСģŮĻҲȫţһҲ³ֶ̽أ
ԣұҪ֤һ¡
һҽЩʬ˳ǸŮʱٴκܵӱߣһֱһǿӵ֡
޵ʮģӦѰɡ
Ҳûɶÿˣȥ˵ǱɺѦСѾЩʬٴ
Щʬ壬Ǵȴ³ֶ֮ٸصϵôͷǾ͹ܲˣҸоͷӦûǸʱ
ȽǸŮȥҲһһȥ
ǷͷǮտĺܺãڵһΨлпǻһЦʮ
ҺѦС߶һĵ
һڵϣѪ۵ķͷͻȻͱ׺ųͷ˹ȥߴߣһͨй
ǾһԾĿţҲŮֽģͷҲûʲô
Ůٴ̱˵ϣСĳҭứʣűۡ
ԴʹޣȻûٳͷĿͷ
˵ʵҳɱҶϺЩ̬ڵؽôˣ˼飬ζ治һء
ǷϺʼնһԲǰ㾲ڵϣһ޿ӡ
ˣ첽˹ȥץǷϺӣҿָƣֿأֱ³ź


952 Ǻܲ
ǰһڣֱǷϺǳûƢҺݳƣҲ˵֣۾ҸҶӡ
ôɵĺ£ֿǹڵİҧгݵ˵
ʲôֱŪˡѦСߵĻҲͷ޲ýͷŪ
Ȼ㹻ɱͷɺȴǻ֪³ֽʲôطء
ﵢʱ䲻ˣҹζ࣬ǱҪжɱ³ֽһ䲻⡣
һεĽǷͷ˵ϣвƥ򣬽㻹лĻᣬǾǴǻ³ֶ棬ȻҲԲȥ׼ɣʵԵҩתιǵҩֻУҩĻֻһ³ǻԼһ£Ҹʱ䡣
ͷ̧ͷһۣҡҡ
ʱȥˣǴӦˣЦ
ôȷҽǴȥǲɱңͷڿʼˡ
ܼ򵥣ҿԷѪģֻҪǽȥҿ㲻ҳ
Ǻá㷢ɡϺûһ˿ԥ˵
ȥǸһأôİԼƽȥأ
һ£ЩףջǸһѪ¶أֻһ棬ҲҪѪģ֤˵ÿһ仰ģǹƽ
֮£ͷ֪Ӳȥˣȫ֮⣬ܹһ
Է˶񶾵Ѫģŷ
ţұ㿪ʼѯһͷ³ֶ顣
Ϻ֪ҲǺֻܶ࣬һ̽ΧԱ³ֶĵλߣÿûʲôرҪ飬ֻܹطֶ汨һΣһʱĻֶҲ˳н档
֮ǰ͵õϢ˵Ҵһ³ֶ顣
³ֽ߽˸߶Ⱦ״̬³ֶΧ̽ӶõϢ֪һҪԸı³ֶ棬ÿ˶Ƭȶԣңźŵֶ֪ͨԱصأ֮ǲһ뿪
³ֶҲ˾֮µĲУɳѸ̽Ӷ˲٣Ƕƺܶϵˣ˵Ҫ֣³ֶй̷Ҳ֪ܶ˹ûС
ϢǼжһ
꣬³ֽ׼Ļǹֵģ˵ҪҪֹܶǶôӡ
ǰţĲУһ湫ӵģ۸۸ĶûˣҲµʱ
ǵǼ֮Ψһġ
ۼʶײУһ¾˶ٶˣ¡
ǱҪӳһˣ³ֶһصܶĸ֣Щ鷳ˡ
һصܶˣûȻǼҲûóȻǰǺΧġ
ԥһʵǶûڶУ
϶ڣʱҶ֪ư궼û뿪ֶˡͷ
³ֶôȥʡ
ڴɳһɽ֮УǸɽСֻݵ˲ŶɽĳڶرأǴɽǧ𣬷ѹҪȥҪͨڲУǽȥѡͷȻ
˵һͷǮʱڵĽ˵֪³ֶĳڣҳǿȥ֤һͷ˵ĶԲԡ
ǮҿǣʱҵͼǮ˵ͷ˵ү¶û
ҷŷϺ΢΢һЦ˵ֵĺܺãϣܹȥ
˵ҾͰ˼ԽԽһֶǺܲķչˡ
Ҳ˵³ֶûдһصܶȥĸ֣Ҫ³ֶڲҲһڵ顣
һĪչʱһֱû˵ҵļʾҽһ˵˴ſڣɻͷһˣȻС˵СţҪ³ֶ棬Ϸи취ֻǲ֪веͨ
һϲæϸ磬ݶϣͱҴˣ˵˵Ǹð취ء
ɳһ£ƺôǣɫ룬Ӧ


953 ðԮ
ɵ˼ǣǷͷ˵³ֶһصܶ˹Ԯ֣ǲȫǲĻᣬͨͷðһصܶԮǴ³ֶ棬³ֶ֮ټ£ҵǰֽȵ䣬ʣµľǸøɶɶˡ
Ȳѵʱ򣬻ðֽȵΪҪЮҪôɱҪôصУʱж
һΣҪ³ֶǰԸ³ֶ϶ǲˣΪԷ׼̫֣ԣֻܼ£þգ³ֶ棬Ϊǰģ飬ǾѾ̫Ҫˡ
ɵⲻڵǣ³ֶûһصܶԮǲ֪һ֪ˣӣһ¾ͱ˸ײˣ
ҵʣҲ뵽ˣʱһصܶҲðֶˣ˴³أմ磬Ǳ˵ǽӵϢձֶϷֶ֧Ԯģһ³ֶ֮󣬱иڣܹεһеĵ豸޷ķֶϵ޷ȷǵݣڴˣǲóȻ֣ʱһԼ¡
˼Ŀǰ˵ҲʧΪһð취ֱܱӲ³ֶǿ
һǾЩףЩǡ
װһصˣﵹЩ׼ʱǱ³ֶʱҲնɱ˲ˣЩϰ˺ܶ·һص˴缸һȫһ£ɴ棬ʱЩ»ã㳤˸۶˼һֱǬ˱û뵽ôó
£Һ۷˻ȥ˵ı˼򵥵˵һ£⻹ǲģұ㽫Щȫ˳˷׷׻һصͷѦС߽ǷϺлɢĶϵĶûȫ󲿷ֵΪڵľתιǵĶѾڣֻҪϼһˣʲôУѦСʱþתιǵĶʹֱӶ
ͷ򵥴һ£ϵѪøɾ֮ѦСٴвһ飬תιǵĸֲֿ֮ͷʹͷʾһаǵķԸȥˣС
һ׼׵֮Ѿʮһˣǻһʮּ֣ǴӷϺؽǸĴѧΰá
ǲܸһȥ³ֶģ޸֮Ǵȥ֣İȫ޷֤޷չȫ
ǶѯһǸŮ˼ҪһҪǾط̫ˣﻹˣҴ
ǵ̬ҲܼǾԲܴһȥġ
ʱɸ˵Ǯ飬Ž˻ᣬǮֱŮ뿪ܹνѣӲѣҲΪȥ³ֶҲһЩ
ֻǮȴԸ⣬˵Ǯ֣ǻְҵµģܼ˵ˣҪǵ³ֶڴ뿪·۷ȥ½ܼҹǳܲ
ƽϲµʱѦСͻȻˣһҩϢ˹ȥ
ŮһΣ͵˵ϣûϢͰ
õİ취˯һѦС˵µǸСʱҩĸСʱ֮ѹʱǮ͵³ֶʱ򣬻ٽŮתƵȫڣʱȥˡ
ǽŮ·ŵ˵ؽ棬˵ؽѿڡ
һȫһص˵װڵҹɫ̤ȥɳѵ·̡
ǮȷһѸɻĺ֣ŵʱ򣬻˳㽫Щſڵڵϵɽȫ𲻱Ҫ鷳µˮ©һһļǮĵȷ
СԺѯһ¹³ֶһЩͷ֪࣬޲޲̬Һá
˵˴Ŵɳѻʮҵľ룬ڵĽų̣һСʱܸϵһ·֮ϣ˲³ֶ̽ӣרżȥɳѵ˵ĶһпԱֶ֪ͨ棬ʮּ֡
ڣͷ֪Щ̽صķλһݣֱӽһ·̽ȫʡĸ˷ʱ䡣
һţǱ·ˣȴҲٴҡڵСǴɽ·ߵǱС


954 
ȫ˯ˣǸղһҲûŪ̫졣
˴֮ɽЦһ·ǱУÿ˶һ£ҹɫİ֮Ҳ¶ΣҲȫԼϢ
ɽ·᫣ߣߵĶ·ľɽ֣ױ˷ټ
˴Լ·ʱǷϺ˵һطǸĲݴ³ֶһ̽ӵķڵ㣬ÿ϶ڹ̶ķڵ϶ңҲΣõϢ֮ұԭزڻĲݴУȻȿ·ȥȽǶҵļһŵҹȥ
ȺֱӻһѪɷϢľͳƬĲݴƮ˹ȥ
Ҹϵʱ򣬷һڵϣðźɫɷֹһʹ̴࣬һݴԺڲ
еһеڶһ·֮ϣʮҵľ룬ܹڣȫǱҺȸϢĽģɾû¶˿š
û뵽³ֶķܵĿ£ôһ·ϣͰôవڡ
ҪǴӷͷõϢǴߵɽߣҲȫ¶ǵΣ˵ṩ鱨ɿǸܲĺֻǼǮ̫һЩһ˳ܲ
ʮɽ·֮Ǿ˴ɳѣνĴɳѣۻɳֻľĺ٣ʱȽɣĶһЩͰĹľԣɳȽһЩ֮ǰڵĽ˵طһսʱڣڴ˴ɱʮֲңһ̤Ƭڵʱ򣬴򿪞ųӦһ£طǹŨģСȶԴ˴ȴʮֻϲ㣬еĵطΧΪԼãӵС
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ȻһصÿһֶΧз󣬸һе豸Ƚ豸Ҳǵټ
ⶼطͨаԸı˸Ԫأʮ¡
һصǼùģܵصĴѹȻܴȴҲֻһڰ
ͷϵ¹⣬ԶԶģǶǰԶһƬʵɽҲ֪һطͨ³ֶڡ
һֱ˳Խ̫˳ˣȴܾò̹оҪЩʲôƵġ
һǰ·̣˴ɳѵĸء
ò˵ʲôʲôùߵģʱͷϵͻȻˣһʱܲɫ䣬Ҳ˷硣
ӹǣۿѾǶˣȻм¡¡׹
Ǽ˶һôʲô
̧ͷʱǶӾģ衣
³Ϊ
طйŹ֡
һѾסԵķϺеĽֶĲϣɭɭʵͷôˣУ
ͷʱһ£ҲԵЩ֣̿ܿҡûˣУطͲȶ䣬Ϊ˴Ǹս˺ܶˣطһ֮أһܵĴ̼׷ֵ仯еʱսɱľ󡭡ҡûƭǡ
Щ̫ͷĻתͷǮҲЩ£֮ǰ̽Ϣʱ˵ôһ¶ڴ֮ʣǾͲ̫ˡ
˵ŻͻȻֱˣܿʼȻ
Я߶Х۵ġ
ʱ䲢ܿ촵ɢܵɢ֮󣬳ֵһĻ龰ŵǼ˻겻塣
֪꣬ʲôʱ˷ͻȻһƬ߿ףųǹìʹƬӵĹŴʿһͷĹŴʿ֮⣬кܶսԣ˻
ս¡¡ɱ졣
Ǽ˾վսмλãȫǺѹѹȺ
ЩŹŴ׵ʿһʼӰȽΣʱƣξԵ
ʲôʱ䣿Щŵһ䡣
ûйĻӦҹʱصʱһĻΣӦñ֮Ϊ


955 Ǳƭ

Ұһʲô
˽͵ָŴľӰ֮󣬶Žᣬǵ˼άͣ˵ʱ̵ǸʱΣǶΪԼûҪսάԼǷݾЩһЩƧԶ˵ļ֮أԿ˺٣˵ǰϵһƫƧĵط˿ǻǼʮǰʱֵķзЩϢˡ
һǳڴѣ˺ָ֮ܶظлĹ񽫡ѷ֮󣬻ܶˣЩط໹ۼһ᲻뿪ʱظͻɳظ׳ơл꣬ӹһЩط˺֮ܶ󣬶л˵еġ
⣬е׻˵ֻأ֮һйΪ֮һҲᷢսб;ˣǴ󲿷˶ΪӵĻѪգǳأеʮּɻǼɻסоĵ·Թе߱ͨù֮еһ˶ѣͨ붼ǹΪ˵еĹضүҵҲһĴսƹ죬ʵ档
ȥķܳ;֪ɶȻܸҳôҲǷˡ
̲סˣЩֵĿһ߶޵˫ս˵ϸ磬ۡզ찡ǹܣʲô¶Ǹô죿𣿡
޷ֻһЩͨӰˣˣǿűȽʵֻǵģһˣЩӰԼʧҲú¡һгģ˵ű˲ӣȳǰȥ
ǼԥƬ̣ɣսսĳǰȥ
˿̣ݣսʮּңˡǵĶĤû˫սͻȻԳԪսսӢˬ˵ֱӾͳ˳һֳֳìһ᳤ǹֱӾͳ˹
Ա󽫵ƺ㣬ɱȻȻɸ˵ЩֻΪֵ쳣̣ҲŵĲᣬһЩܹأ
ͣ£ߣʱԽԽ׳״ֻҪ뿪սʲô鶼ûˡѵ
˵ţٴ˽Ų˲ҲӿٶȣҲƵĳǰ񱼡
̲סͷһۣĹԪѾһţʮ׵ľ룬ʮͣһһʽɱ˼Ƕ֮һǼٵģľսԭŴսȻģݵĿɲ̫
һתͷȥ˼ǰߣȻʱͻȻֳ˱ʣһŮ˵ĿǵĶʮֶ졣
ʶĶס˽ŲǿԴȥһҪʱһ֮ǰǷͷؽ汻ǾȳǸŮȻ
ŮǱѦС߸Ի˹ȥô˴˴
˶ɻĿѦСߣѦС߸һ±ƣŵ˵ܰĸСʱҩڲô
ǸŮһ߿һ߳˹ŻݺˤһȴҲûվǱЩ׵Żˡ
ҪȥǸŮȹʱͻȻǰһ˵үС¶ͺˡ
˵ţͳ˳첽ǸŮķ˹ȥ
ǸŮǴԼʮԶ弸Ӿͷɱ˹ȥһѽǸŮӵϲҪ߶
ʱ򣬸ŵһĻͷˣŮ֮ͻȻһѷĶ̵һͿ˹ȥ
ôĹ϶׺ݡ
ǸΣգôһԴ뿪˼һǻѪӻչǰԵ˵ϡ
֮жʱһŨѪŷƳƮɢ
˭Ҳû뵽һŮ˾Ȼһɱ˵Ĺ֣һֱǵĸоһСŮѣһвûУݵҲ̫һЩ
쵶壬ڽ֮Ҳһ֣׵ĸˣԴңȫʬղȥǸŮĻҾڵ塣


956 ¼Ѫ
һĻ̫ͻȻˣҳ˵֮⡣
ڳ˶ɴ۾ⲻ˼һĻ
ôܣһģֻ֪ޱӵСŮһСʱĹûͳɱ˿ͽԴֱӿ
һĻ˭ܲˡ
ȻǣǸŮɱ֮󣬻մѪ̵һ£ǻһĨа쳣Цݣ΢Цһ£ȻǸŮתܣֱӳһЩȺ֮жȥ
꣡
Ů˳׽е˵ŭ𶼸ȼˡ
˵ɺ޵ĲǵˣԭֵεһͻȻǣҧһڣ̵ģԶԶҪǵĵ˿ɺްٱǧ
磡
ԵǮһЪϢı۾˲ͺˣӺקǰѴ師ҪǸŮܵķ׷ȥ
ڴʱͻȻǰһסǮĸ첲Ȼ㲻ܹȥϽһܣȥ͵
ҪǮһȥ㽫Ůʬεģɵ仰֮󣬶ʱȫԥһ£תͷ
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˵ʮּУʱͲܵˡ
ԥƬ̣һö⣬˵ģǸϽߣ
˺޺޵ĿŮܵķ׼ɶ·ӡ
һת۵Ĺȴֶ֮һˣһֱǴ·ǷͷһһĴѰǷͷټЩĶ鵱пıӰһš
ͷ屻ɱһ˲ߵģҲ׹
Ǳƭˣƭޱȡ
ϺŮһģǳһ˫ɣһƣרŽƭطǻɵǵȦס
һжƺõġ
ǣʲôط˲أ
ѵڵĽӳǣѰ³ֶϢ˰
Ǻпܵģ޷Ϊһ֣߳һߵļǮǶʮǿʹ£ȫгǵɡ
ǣڱϾһϵλȻţΪ黵Լ
ңǻɳ˸Ǵ֣һʼ;ǵĻǵ¹һ
ҺͿˣһ˲˺ܶ࣬Ҳô룬ǰΣܻҪɹġ
ԣǷͷ֪ǿ϶ŰһĺϷǸƭġ
鱾÷ɵ㣬ȣͷΪͦߣһһصͨԱߣǸ˵ԼǴѧŮҲɵ㣬ѦСߵҩĸСʱܹ֮ƫƫʱ˹ѾǺܴˣҵʱЩ£ûж룬ȥˣ屻ɱˣ䵽ֵز
ΪʲôֹΪʲôȥһ룿
˵ʲôˡ
һֶû˵ܻѦСҲǷͷˣƺڴ߶Ǿתιǵ
֮£һж޲һ³ֶŪµİΧȦ֮С
ҲǹѪģһ·֮ϰµЩ̽ӶǸɱˣΪ˲ȡǵΡ
һΣһصҪЩԵһ򾡣ңͳǵжд̣֮졣
һȥʮ׵ľ֮󣬷ǰѾû·ˡ
ԭ˫ѹѹһƬƺע⵽ǣ˲Ҿ͸оԼϱʶ֣һ˫˫ͷǵ۾ɨ˹
ԭǿǵģֻǵظǧ֮ǰսɱĳͨһǻѪĻͨһѪķʽֱӽЩˣǸоǡ
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ȥܺѹѹĴ˵Ҳкüˣôһѷӵ˵ˣýŲҲܹǣǺã
ǰţͻȻǰһȺſ׵ĹŴʿɱ˹ս˻ɳеıź⣬һΣޱȵʵǺǻˡ


957 ȫ
мսǺХս֮Ŵս׵ıһ󸫣ڡ
ЩŴսǺХͬʱﻹߴĴʲô˵ĺĳصķԣҳʵǻҲ̤ڵϵźȫһǼ˵Ҳģһʱ䶼֪Ǻˡ
ӿֲĻں棬⼸սһܵǺѹѹһƬĹҲȫǳ档
ûֻеˣ޷ֲֿĸо
ˣԼ˵ˣ⶯Ҳܹ˸
ڶݵľ֮ȷӦ˹һСţϿֵǶһϷ취ɢЩ²˳٣ж
˵УͻȻԼİһѳһľóֽŵҲûţʼٵ̤
һĞųʱȫһʱǲ׹ԭҲǸز¶ļһ
ղ˵ǻǼʵǲܽܡ
ƾǼˣסⲻǿЦ
˭ܸô
飬һԵĻб㽫ϵϽ𲧸˹ֶĿųǷӵĹʵҪסá
ҲҪСʱڰСʱ֮󣬾ԲһǵİΧȦҪȻǿ϶ᱻ࣬ЩѾ׻ˣҪСǵеıпһѪˣܲܳŵסȫ
˵仰֮󣬽̤ŵٶȶȻӿˣľüĴһмŻƶСĺɫѪ䵽ľ֮ϣǿƽľʱֳһĨɫѪ⣬һ޷Ϣ˲񷣬ռĞųٴιĵݡ
Ƕ˶˼ľѪΪһ٣Ҳ֪Ҫͨʲô;ɢЩȴһ飬Ҫƴˣû˿ԥһƴ˴ɱС
֪һθ³ֶ֣ȴǸһˣҵѿһķӶƴЩ캰ɱѪʲôúأ
ɱƴˣҴһʱĳĽ꼤˳һâǰѽԾȻҵ˵еȫڽ֮ϣ죬иֹķٴγ˽棬һ״֣֮
𣡡
һ֮ǽ֮бŷһɨǧʹ˳һĽĴӽ֮Ϸ˳ӭЩսĹͺɨ˹ȥǰʮսḺ́Уʱ߽⣬һƵĺɢ
Ļ龰һ飬ЩνĻ˹壬ֻܹǣҲܹɱǣͬǵķһҲԴǻҷ
˵ЩǼ࣬ϾǶߣеķǿɶܹӳֵģûһǷǿаֻЩ̫ˣ꣬ü򣬼վһֱ˲ǿɱҲ
ǼְСʱ̫Ϊˡ
ѾֵزûκأǲҲС
ҵһη˽֮ߵļȫų˴УеϽ𲧶Ȼڵ˰֮УһʱâɣϽ𲧲ͣıܳ˴СС֣յһƬãֵķΧ֮ڣֻҪЩһ˲𣬵Ȼ޴档
мӳֳôǿȻҲʮģѾ˵ϣһׯϵģ΢˫Ŀ˫ָһָ죬һָأƺҲһ㵭Ľ壬ׯϣƾŻһˣֵסһλĽ
Ҳ׶ԸЩġ
ѦСҲˣеĻľɳľӲݿٵǻľʱ͵ģϵĵΧĲľ֮סЩߵĹǲľ֮ƺҲܹɹ屻ƣҲһΣջ˺Ӱȫޡ
Ǯͬ屻ɱСҲǳױŭˣֱӾһѴ師Щɱ˹ȥİ師֮ҲĨ˾Ѫһ·彫ȥҲдĹ䡣


958 ƴ
Ǯһʼ쳣ǶĹʵ̫ˣ޾һ㣬˲ͽǮûУѾ֪˻һ㣬ϾǸһģҾܷβܣСǰȥ֧ԮȱǹЩ࣬ǸĹȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
Сһ֣ʱ˸һѣһΣֱӻһɺɷɺɷʱֽ⿪ЩӿĹֱϯ˹ȥǱɺɷסĹʱɺɷֱӸɵˣԼһ
֮䶼ǿŻɲӵеġ
һʼɳѵʱ򣬱ǳϲΪŨ˵͵һֻ׸һ㣬ȱֻ󣬶ЩҪɵĴס
һɺɷƮмٴױһգԭеǮζʱ¶˳ֻʱǮѾ˺ۣѪ߰ߣȻ˲ˡ
ˣǮҲһַƵɱ¾֮УеĴ師һ裬·ڣԾһĹĴ師֮»ҷ
ڣγĹֱɵĸλҶסΪ͵һĹϽҲסһλѦСȻʵһĻľʩչҲΣʱ̣ѦСеľϻһСһĶǸСֱȥЩɱȴҲǿάס档
һʱѪ£ҧսȴҲܼһ
ڣЩˣȫ壬˵Ļ¾ûôöԸˣҲԼֲӡ
ֻ΢۲һս֣ĸλȫȶסˣȫĵͶ뵽սɱ֮У˭Ҳչ˲˭ֻƴҧסҪ˵ǼְСʱǾͻлϣ⼸ķӵѹ֮£ͱˣŷΪһ
ϣ˰СʱĳŵǱƴ
ҲǷ˺ˣ۾ֻЩӵĹϵʩչ콣ɨǧˮ㾦һȫЩ˹ȥҲ嵽жٹﱻЩŪĻ𣬿˾ǣЩ޾ɱһһ˾ҸоʮҵĹ⾰ԼЩŲסˣۣҵĵҲ޷֧סһһϵĴģͣийǰҵСȡߡ
ֻͦţһֱԼ֡ڼһܿСʱ͹ȥˡ
ڵÿһÿһӣڳ˵һǰ
ʵǿҪסʱͻȻһ飬һֱǬ˱Ķʦֳ֣棬֪ʦĴɱܹܲҶһ
Ҳ˲ôˣȥҵȻݽߣҵ֮¡
һ֣ʦִǬ˱˳ǰ˹ȥ
һ߹ڵأڵϵĶʦڵϹ˼Ȧվ𣬻˻η˶Сӣʦֿ֮ȻҲһûǰ壬˹
Ͼʵ̫ˣˣкܶ໯ս˻սĺ¡¡ͣʦҲܵ˲Сľš
ʦ֣ɱ㲻Ǿȫˣ
ЩЪ˹ĳŶʦִһһɨȫն˼ʮҵĹȻٵִǬ˱ｫͭǮ˳ֱӼɱΪǿıͭǮһʱ䣬ͭǮƯҵͷ֮ϣһͷֽ˿˼ʮöͭǮͭǮַͭǮǰʮ֮ڵĹĵȻһա
ʩչһ֮󣬶ʱ嶼Ϳһ㣬һǰδеҵҡҡ׹һ򣬾͵˵ϡ
ýŵ棬۵ʱʦѾҵǰһ˫۾߿һۣʮָӡ
ʦ֡Һһ
ʦֺĽ˼ٴתȥһΣʦƺЩһεĻζ˷˶Сӣϵڶ
һ̣ʦֱӭɱ˹ȥ֮Ǳϯ壬Ҳ̻ɢΪΡ
ʦǻԵޣҲĲаһʼľ󣬶ʦҲʩչ˳


959 һ
ʦֵļ룬ߵѹ΢һЩҶڵϴϢܿٴվٴδ߶˵ɰ˷ΪԼãǵٴʱͻȻһ⣬ǾܹɵԽԽ٣ԽԽϡ޷֧콣ˡ
ҰЩƣתͷĹ˵ʱ򣬷֢֮ڣ֮ΪǱߵƺڼӳһͷ֮ϣĺϣγһ޴Уʱֳľ˵һ㣬վһеľֱָ񷣬ľ֮Ѫ죬нâƣһĪǿͨ˷ȫӿͷ֮ϵ֮С
ɵɫ쳣ľһֱڷѹһɽǰء
Ѿˡ
ֻǴɨһ֮ٴվȻ޷ٶ콣ͱͭǮҾֻŽֱˡ
һѾ˸ɫâĽ׷˶ʦ֣һ𲢼սеĽҿȫƾһڸЩɱ
Ҳּ֪˶ãҸоʱ˵ĻҵϿʼ˺ˣ֪ͻȻͳһѳ߳ìҵϣҵļϡϡ첲ϡ
Ѿ˲ʹӾֻһ֡ɱ
ɱɱɱ
жʦΣ֮ʰҵֵ˼£ҾѾ׵ĵˡ
һֱɱҵʶʼЩģʱͻȻһȣֽавߣѺᶼǡ̫Ͼ
һȣӴ죬
ЩԭϳǷӵĹͻȻһͣǰˣǷ׷̧ͷͷʲôסߡ
ʱѾҡҡ׹ˣ֮ҲʶĳͷϿȥͷϵͻȻͷһͷ񣬿һʿĴ磬ĿȻڿʱȲԾһֱӾ͹

꣬ˡ
һ쳣ǿʶֲһÿһë׶ʶľ͹һַĵľη
Ȼǽǧ꣬Ҳʱ뿪ˡͷɵľ޴ͷȻܻصϢ
ֻйڵϣԴ˫֮䣬ٶ࿴һۡ
Щԭųìı֮󣬾ȻҲˢˢķеıУһȫ
ǷͣˣЪˣͷϵ֮Ҳ伣֪˶ãٴ̧ͷͷϿȥʱ򣬷ɵͶȻɢȥܵЩǵҲԽԽȫһһƵĺͷϵĲ۶ȥ
ڴʱͻȻоһɲϢ߱˹̧ͷһһѪɷûüҴкֱӾǬ˱֮У
Ѫɷ϶ˣղͷĳ֣ҲȸŵĹǺҲһûиȼƽϵ˼ҪȻҲᱻߡ
ҹڵãŵٵɢֱޡ
ȻҵٴɵϣǱһֱͦͦľľĶҵϼӵĹ򣬵ͻȻһſڡۡһһѪֱͦͦľ͵˵ϣء
ʩչһǿҲ֧š
Ҿһæɵķȥֻüվӽ˵˵ϡ
ҲѾ۵ˣѪ߰ߣһʱҲ֪жٵ˿ڡ
ʱϵǬ˱ٴƮɢһɺɷٵ۳ΣǸոնȥûõȡ
ɫʱҲû֮ǰǰ԰ף΢΢Щ죬Ǻ˾һ㣬סҵӣųʵСŸ硭ǸүүûУ
˰ɡ̧ͷ˿ѾֳǶգ૵˵
СŸ硭ǸүүղȺú¡оһһֱµĲУͶǸˡȻЩµ˵
һһϸһۣоȸ֮ǰЩһˣӰӵǣҲƺЩϽЩ¶ȣȻ̫ԣҲо˳
ɵ̫ԵʣŻ˰ɡ
ȵĲ֮£ֱӣһٴŴ߶һξȻˣʼԴԴϵڻۡ


960 ʱ
Ǹǿֹ֮ͣ󣬱㲻Χˣĵ֮£ܹٵĻָƬ̣оֻ࣬һͣʱʹͣϲ֪˶˿ڡ
𣬵Ž꣬һǱȥղҿһѪ˵ĲᣬˣҲûһվŵģⳡս֮󣬻϶̱ﲻˡ
ҿŪļʱϼӣ˭Ųסˡ
ߵɵߵʱѾ˹ȥҽӵϲ˺üɲĵ۾ҵû
Ӧöţղ̫ţˣֱҼ
ɸɿһ³һѪĭӣһɵñղŶԸôʱΪʲôǰѳӡҼԸǧŮš
ôһѣʱһգƵղǴ棬ֱӽҸȦˣûҼϷʬߣҲ޷ԿôĹʬҲ޵ģﵽһ޶ȣ϶ҪɵҵϣҵڱзӡһЩҪԱˡ
ɿһۣٴ̾Ϣһ˵ϷܳŵסȥˣȻػ
ӦһЩκտɣļ˹ȥǿѦСһۣСҲ˲ڵϣȻѾˣСϵҪ࣬ûôˣǰѻľߣѾʧȥ˹
ѦС߼˹һЦҽ˵ҩһɫƿӡѪģϽҷˡ
æһ£ҵСƿӣҩǸһţ۾ҲڿٵĻ
ţߵ˻еߣһҲˣɫ԰׵Щ£һϽ𲧾ĵط
߹ȥϽ˹ߣҩһţ̽һŷֻ岢޴󰭣ŷ
Ҫ˵˵صģӦþǮˣСѾһѪˣȫ˿ڣڵϣؿڻ΢΢ţҿҵģбЩѹ֣ʼռǵɸҵֽЩԼǮǴ֮ףӡ
û뵽ôӦˣǻûҵ³ֶڣǸСͽ
ҿ첽Ǯ˹ȥļǮ硭ѡ
Ǯҵܿ۾ĿЩɢҵʱ򣬻ɢ۾ͻȻһһץסҵĸ첲һ
Ǯ⡭⡭˱𡭡
ģҿ϶Ǳģģ˸ˣ϶û¶ġЩŵ˵ţȻͷѦСߣϽơ
Ǯץסҵĸ첲ţץĺŬ˵𡭡ˡ˵ĺءѾûˡǵáǱ𡭡
˵仰֮Ǯ͵һǻһʺѪһͷֱûϢ
ûбԼ۾ɵԲԵĿ
еĺⶸȻҧĿ죬ǮˣҽӴ࣬ȴҲ֪ĺָ֣Ǯʲô鶼ҸɵˣϿ϶մȾ˲˾Ҳʲôˣһ·֮ϣҲ御ˣǶҸǾмӣҵǰҲͦζġ
ѦСŻľʱǮѾ͸ˣϵ˿̫࣬˲ѪѾû˾ȻĿܡ
һΣǰܵĺܳףһʼ˱˵İΧȦ֮С
ֱڣƵģΣԶԶûнһص³ֶ˿϶Χ
˳𲻱ĲΪˡ
ҺѦСĿһѪģǮȻתͷлɻغϡ
ҸһѦСߵĵҩ֮ɫ˺ܶ࣬д˿Ҳ
Ǯˣ۾ʵ
ĬȻĵ˵ͷһ̾οҵСţ㲻ҪκǵʱУӲģ֮ǰմȾ̫ͱʱϡ
ɵ仰û˵꣬ʱһĴЦͻȻ˷˹ôôûŪ㡭


961 
Ҫ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ʱУ˭޷ѡ
Դ屻ǸŮһնɱ֮Ƕһ飬Ǳ˸ˣǶݴɳ֮ǰѾȫ˶Ժһж˵ļ֮С
ҴԸ³ֶ֮ǰүү͸˵ҪԶеҪն࣬˿̲еᡣ
Ǹոӹһ޴ĽѣǼĵԻ˶ûзӦĶˡ
˵˲ǱˣҴ˿ǰ³ֶҪնɱļһ³ֶĶ
˰飬ҲΨһһֵ»Ķ뵱ʱļλȣֽȵΪᣬҲѶԸһ
ٴμĳȻû뵽Ǹովһս֮ȫЩߵʱСͻȻð˳
˵仰֮Ǽȫٴһ㣬£һ𣬾ֻлڵϣ۾ڿٵĻָΪ
лܱסһݵʵ̾
Ƭ֮󣬴Ӵɳѵ˷ʼд߿£˹ǰģǴһɫһѰֽȵİЦ⣬ţʱҲˣ۾˲гһ죬ɱȻߵ˲ˣǽƭʮҵǷͷǴӵؽѵоͳǸŮӡ
Ƿͷ˵ǸŮʵ̫˺ˡ
ǺĵĴȴҧһڣǵĵ룬ƭȡǵΣݵ̫ˣӰ󼶱ģȥԱǰϹôһˡ
ӵĹǼ˾ͱٸһص³ֶĺָΧһˮйͨһܣٴһҪųȥ̫ˡ
ǻ˸˽ӡ
ʮԶĵطǰͣ˽Ųһ֣Це˵ϵܣǿûˣտɺã
΢΢һЦ˵ĸͦõģԴϴһ𣬶ǣҶǣҹһڼˡ
ǰĴЦһ˵ôãû˶ǹϵǵһҰ
ֻЦſٴͻȻЩĽӲ
ǰƺ֢ˣҲ֪ô˵Ǹɿһɫ鵽ز㻹ʲô˵ģѾǸΧˣʶģܷ˵һˣܸȫʬ
𣿡ҿ˰˵ұһƵ±ϣҲһɱһƨΪ˶κεң
һ˵ƺ˰ֲĻ䣬һĨ֣ȴһţЩŭ˵Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣһʱһʱҲȻҽΧǿ϶жԸǵİ취죬ҪŪ
һ˵ǰĻʹۿžҪ֡
ʱҷովһսƣȫѦСߵĵҩܹٵĲѪڶ֣ߺǲ
ұΪһʱ䣬ϵʱԽãԽиЩһս
˵ʵڼǰûоǶôֵһ飬ղǼˣ³ֶˣһû̫
Ǽ˶ȫʢʱڵĻҸоǼˣ˸ȫȥ
ڲУǶ̫ƣˡ
ҳǰٺһЦ˵ǸˣˣǲһʽΣ
һ˵ǰЦһڻи̸׵ʱ𣿡
ȻУѵ³зֶɱ˶ˣǽҸƼˣǴƣǼܹɱң³ֶҲҪһϣ׺ܼ򵥣⼸λѣ뿪ɳѣͷֿ㴦ã㿴Σյ
⻰˵İɫһ˼Ƭ̣⵹Ǹ⣬ҴӦˡ
˵ţԵʹһɫһķ˹
һ֣һ˵ôҵɵӲɣȷҵˣҲ־ܣҸˣһһô죿
ģǶ˵ôҪɱֻѡ


962 Ծ
տڰĲ̫ðɣȻ㶼˵ˣҵЩѶ˵ôȷǣֻҪҿ뿪ұ֤һʱҪɱҪУ峴ըôŶǣ˰ɣҳǰ΢Ц˵
ҪʱߵǸŮͻȻСӺ˵˵Щ˶ˣھʱ䣬СӼթĺܣǲĵ
꣬ǸСˡ
۾ǸŮˣʱû֮ǰǰ㽿ģҲĶ˼ֺ֮ɫ֮ǰڵؽѷʱ򣬸оһͨ˶ѣȴܹоŮ˼򵥣ΪҲʮֲ³ֶӦҲǸ򵥽ɫ
ص̫ˣҲһŮˡ
ҿεɱŭСˣ϶Ůɱ֣ɹŭң죬Ҫ
ǺǡǸŮ˳ĵһЦ˵ϡǺôĿҲ·ͷҲԼʲôҪɱ㣬һֻϻҪࡣ
Կ˵
ԾԣΪ㲻ɣĵӵڻҲǰġ˵䣬ǸŮǰһ壬һ˦֣һĵͳ˦˹
ĵʺմȾѪһ㣬һ֣ʱɢö꣬ÿһƬҪֶΣַҪ³ռҵүХеһƴֻХĹ÷Ҫνĵࡣ
СƤ˵־Ͷ֣Ȼ޷ʱ䣬ǾֻȥǸˣһƬĵ곯Ϯһ٣ʱʹһջı³ѸٵǰһϣСƤĵһϣ޷ǰŲ֣ȫ
һһʹСƤʱһȻûмջı£Ƭ֮СƤͻȻһȫǵ̵ıӳһ˦֣㳯ϴ˹
šžһ죬Ǳӱ֮ϣʱһΣ߽⿪
оһСܹʹġ
ƢСǴԣղŻЩ˵ȻҲôŮ˶֣ȴ׵׵Ķɱ
£Ҽ˽꣬˵һɨǧͳСƤɨ˹ȥ
СٴγһæеǸӵֵǵıӶײһ𣬽ȼˣһ졣
ҽջͻȻ䣬ѦСߵСţСĲ棡
ѦСߵ֮ȫļ˲ǰ챼ŵһɲǼ䣬ʱоâҵĺ󱳾ͷ˹ȥͷȥʱ򣬶ʱһ亹ͻȻӱҪɱҵˣһˣ³зֶ汻Ҹ𣬳һΆ֮⣬һ뿪
Ǹ˲ߵģһŭ֮£Ȼ뿪
ϱǱΆײ˼Ǹˣʱʮּɵ˵Ϊ༥ʹ뿪
˾ι³зֶʹĺݡ
һĪոջǰʮ֮⣬ͻȻ䲻һӣ˷ʤһֱʮ־µĶ֡
û뵽뿪³зֶ֮󣬾ȻͶ˰ֽߡ
νԩ·խ
ʹǰʱ³ֶˣʱһˣñӴĶˡһعʱԶ˴ٴＥ
¶ᣬһȫᡣ
һүǶܵ裬ʱ䣬Ǻݾͷŭĸһͷʨһ㣬ҪŪ㣡
˵գǺݵƮתһӵʱ䲻ٴҵǰѷذףֱҵѡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͻȻ䣬һɺɷҵؿڣһΣһ˫С־ͳźݵذץ˹ȥ
Ǻһ˲ٴת˷λʮ֮⡣
̫ˣسɴֶΣҲΪٶ̫Եʣһͨк͵ɷ֮ƺͱεַ
߸Ǻ˻νĵӿٵĹ˼УԱߵǰһֱۿţͻȻһ֣һϣɱܶͣ


963 ǿĽ
׼Ⱥ֮Ľֳ࣬Ҳİ
һ֣ͭǮǬ˱˳һ¾׵ͷ֮ϣͭǮٵת֮һ̣ͭǮֽ⿪Ȼ˷ɢȥ
һʱĻҲѾָԼ󲿷ֵΪϾҵĵڳˣԴԴϵ˷ΪԼãټѦС߸ǳԵЩҩҲѪˣпѦλһүƳĵҩЧʮԣһʱڱǿս
ɺͻǣҹҲָ߰˳ɵĹ˵Ѿʮֺõˡ
һʼװȣ͸ǴĻǼ˶Ųס೤ʱ䣬ֻϧװװϰˣҪǰ԰һ¡
ʾжôǶıһʼŪڹ֮䣬ǵٶָƣɳķЩѴ֮ͽɥڴˡ
ȻȴûԤϵһǴһ֮ˣصķӡ
һͶһУһ񣬽Щȫˡ
һǰӣʱ򣬰̲סˣҪǰװһ£ʾǶôĲһװ֪ĸһɫĳһӣˣװһ£þ
ˣһ򶼵ôһ棬ҪȻ治֪
һбͭǮʹ˳еӵͷȥֱӱ˷Χ£м³ֶȥ
ȻҸоǣһģһ־̵һƬȴ⣬ǰİֽһ裬һͳ߹˹ʱͭǮΧЩһصĺˣȴͻȻϷƵĴ˶ƣֱӵԼǰֻһ죬ֻûг۵ļһﱻͭǮ󲿷ֶ
ǰһ»ҵͭǮ֮󣬻˻еİֽȣٴμСϷѾɲˣãαضѹأ
ǰһݵĴЦ֮ٴζˣٶȽȺôһһѰֽȾͳԴϴ˹
һæ㣬ΪͲʱ䲻ƺһЩǰֽȣÿλһ磬Զ綼оǵӹһʹҲӲֻʱ˱ܣȻһˣʱ־һë϶ǺѰ϶͵Ϯҡ
ڣʱСһֱҵߣоҵΣ֮һѪɷɷܹģһմȾϣдݿ֮ƣɵĳһλ˶ᱻɺɷʴ
ԣֻҪһǺݱ㲻ҽһʱ޿κΡ
ȸղɵ˺ܶһɵʱ򣬶ҪһʱЩԵΪԼãղҿȵɫЩ˯ģҪΣڵϦСܵǬ˱úȥˡ
СѾͷµĺܣƣĲУƣֵЩ˷ҵĹ
Ҷ㿪˰İֽ֮󣬽ſʼķһһУ콣еĻ㾦֮ϣɫĹâתһ֮һڴɫӽ֮籡ֱӳŰؿڴ˹ȥ
һе̫ۻ룬İֽȥӣֻǰһ㣬һΣֱӶ˹ȥǶ˹ȥвٺˣǵɫĹֱӹᴩ˺ü˺˵ؿڣؿڵλôһڴĿһ˵ڵϣɥ
ʹһУǰɫʱЩŵ˵ǿĽõʲôʽ
ɣһһĺˣֵСүиһУʶʶ
˵գʦҲٻ˳ֱǰԽָ죬ʹһȺսָ֮ʱ֮ϣٴâʢٵĹͨĵɷ֮Ҹоµĵ涼΢΢


964 ֮±·
ˮ
һȣɷ֮˲䱻ΪģԲ֮߰ĵطͬʱըѿˣʮ׸ߣŷ׷ɵͻɳкܶ˵Ĳ֫ϱۣһ˿С
ͬʱЩ˺սĻкѦСߣʱһסɣ߿ȡɷ֮һըɵȥ
˲֪ѦСߺͻȴǼһе͵Ŀ¡
һȥʱʮ˱ըķѣѪأ˱ɷֱ֮ӻ˹ȥ
ǼҲû̵ʲôôһɳǿ϶ġ
һйȥʮǿԼоЩ
Щԭӵĺˣһ㳡ʱŵķ׷׺ˣ֡
ǰҲδ⣬ϳ˺ܶѪϵİ¶ȾˣҲ֪ϵѪǱ˵ıŽϡ
ݵĽսԷǳһҲǼ˲еô󣬲ûռʲôˣʧ˼ʮ֣ղŻϽ𲧣Ҳ߰˸˵Դ
ǰվŲԶĵطң˺һ૵˵ܡⲻܡŶûΪȻô࣬ôֲĽǴѧģ
үӻкܶûʩչأбǾͼ˭ҾŪ˭ŵŵѪζеɱĸŨ
һ˫Щ۾ɨһȦΧЩˣʱŵǷ׷ŲһЩ
ǸղŸЩսһôôڻͣǷͷЩɻʵ
ô֪ϻˣһһϣͲŪǣ
ˣеİֽȡһ죬ʱһΣź˻ʲôĵӣٴγ߳ΧЩٴδ
ǰһٴνеĽˮ
Һĸ֣ǳЩ˶ʱ˾֮ŵķ׷׾æˣͺ˸Ǳһ㣬˲ƶʮ׿⡣
ųӣҵЦֱܰղŶء
ôŵ֮£ҸǿһЦǰɫʱͺ˼֣Ҳû˰ŵģ߾˫֣Ъ˹Ĵɱ˭ɱΪʹͰ򣡡
֮±·
һŭȣ˷Щɱһѷĳ˹
ȣʦ־ӭһ˹ȥڶһ¾ײ˺üϣʱǸˣ⽫յͨ͸ҽޱ
ò˵кѦСٴӭЩɱ˹ȥ
ķӣҰмңɱȴǲ࣬ұȶտ
Ҳ֪գҲĴһɺɷ˫֮ϷɳЩӭĺ˲ƣһɺɷеˣʱǴ˸ѹһ㣬ǻϻðŨҵİɫһʮִ̱ǵʬζϵƤⱻɷʴζÿһɺɷ˦кü˵ڵϣû˷֮ǲҲˣҸղ⿴һֱۣɺɷסˣӶˣ޶˿ֲ
˷ƴɱ֮ʣҴǬ˱һéɽ壬лζ˼£ٵ˼־߾ʬֱӴӵϵ𣬳ԼָףЩ˵м䱩𣬶ʱУЩͻȻĽʬ˵˵ϣҧ˲ӡ
ȺսΪóģֱڶְΧ֮¡
үһټʮǰҲһΧŴԲŻôȺս
ʬһȻɱ˲࣬ȴʮǿѰļʬ߶ҲĿ־壬ʬҧһڣǿҪʬģǹ룬ѶԸƾЩͨһصĽڣҲû̫İ취
ȻֲԶԶûнһƣѪǽ֮ϣѪĽ꣬ɫĹâְ֮һ⣬бѾƺҪֶ
ҵһɿʱǽľԼƮڰ֮еĽ꣬ЩȻٵ˼־콣ĵĽʽߣ


965 
һʱɱҲ˲ʲôΪԪ¶ˣô۾ôҲɸղһ㣬ֱӶ˾Ѫ֮
˶֮£޷߶콣еĵĽʽߵģܹǿ߶ɱҲʮ΢ڶþѪ֮֮£Ǿȫһˡ
մȾҾѪĽԾȻ˰֮Уһһ̣ǽȻ࣬һʱâ貣âʢ˫ٴα任һ־ǽֱӷһƵ֮ͳȺΪܼһȥ
ڷЩ˵ͬʱʼٵת͸ȿߵλһ㣬ȫһһɹȥ㵹ȥʮˣеԴңеֱӱն롣
нߵһչֳԼһ
Ҳ̫һЩ
һʱޱѪȣѪɽʬأŵЩ˹Ǻһ㣬Ĵӡ
һе֣ٴ÷Žֱ꣬ӳǰķȥ߻վĵӻкݣڿǸתŵĽ곯Ǳ߶Ȼɹȥʱһȫɫ䡣
չֳǼ˻кѦСǵĶ־Ҳӵ
ʤƽѾʼ΢΢б˹
ټϸղéɽٿصЩʬ绢
ڶݵľŹվڰߵĵȳˣһ˦֣޵ĵͳǹתŵĽ˹ȥ꣬ǽС
Ȼĵӵֶζڴ˿̵Ľ˵ЧЩɢĻʱ飬һأҿǽٶȶȻӿ죬䡱һײĵӵϣûüӦͻһ⡣
һʼͽƭתĴŮӣջɥҵĽ֮¡
ţƲٴοŽ곯Űݵķȥ˵εͦ죬Ǻݣһգ۵Ĺ֮ززǰӳһЩǸŮ˵̫ʹ˰ɣһųһ˹ȥ
ҵĽ׷ᣬƲɵһ·ɱȥǵڽǰģնữһ⡣
ֻѹһеûг̫ãͻȻ֮䣬һεĸоһǰδеΣУһ˫һɨҵϣһ׹ߵĸо
һֱҪǿʶҵϣҿƵĽΪ֮һ٣ͺ˰֮С
⾿ʲôأ
Һ֪ܿˡ
һɫӰȻ֮Ⱥ֮ɽ˳һ֣һѵڵϵĳУţǸ˾ǰѵɱ˹
˵ΣͻȻЩ죬һ㣬˵̫ˣѸޱȣͬԱ쵽˼¡
һ̣Ҷʱе񣬼оǽ꣬һ־Ǹķն˹ȥ
Ǻ˼Ľ곯նɱȥûж㣬ȴôӵǰѵֱӳҵĽ˹ȥ
һǰͨĳ뽣ײһ˼һĻͷˡ
ǽһ˲ͱȻ޹⣬ֱӳߵ˹
ʱҶʱ͵ؿһƣǱݺݵײһһ㣬Ѫӿ֮䣬ұǹǿ˳ȥƽƽľͷ
һԵĻмˣһСţֱҶһѱסҵĺ󱳡
ϣǻ֣Ҳϴһײ˳ȥ˫˫˵ϡ
ǰѽڿҪ̵ԼʱҼһ̣е˳ǿס˽꣬·ɻصҵĴ
ҵӡˡһ죬һƬ
걾ĶڣղǸ־Ȼܹͨ꽫ǹҵϣֶ̫ǿڵϷȦסΣؿڱƵһſھһѪ
Сš㡭дʱҲվסҡ
һ֣˻еĻѵ˵û¡
˵ͬʱҵ۾Ϳ˸ղųָҹеǸˣǸҴ˿ôô죬ȻҿǾرϤӦü
Ǹҵˣһе֮󣬲ûмٳɱУվԭĵطһĳ߿
ڴʱǸ˵ͻȻֶ˼رļһߵߡ
δİ˴ˣæ첽ߵߣϡ


966 
ϡ
Ӱֵʱ򣬽סһ𣬲һѪ
˵˵ôأҹʶ
Ҹճûǻһصĳϡħ
ʱձʱҺѦСһԺĸɣصϳǵʱ򣬾ͽ¶үүүүȥշһԺĸɣҲ͵͵˹ȥһǸ͵ùߵħʱͽţֻͻȻˮһѣں޷֮£ñͭǮɱǲˣħҲʦָ͵ϮˣȻһƣνˣֻϧħΪ̫ˣ˵ƿֲȻܹƾһΪжȥ˶ʦϵ֮Ӷݶȥ
Ҹ֮ӽǿǴȥˡ
˼ǳʮķãһصĴ֮һһСĲŪϿ϶ҲסºˣħϵѾˣԳʰҡ
֮ǰ˵³ֶԮҲûƵΪǴأղǰ˵㹻Ūҵĳ룬ˡ
ħˣǻʲô˵ġ
˵ˣүүһħĶ֣ƾңߵ⼸ˣһٳʮħġ
ͻȻʶǰħʱжʱȫǾ
꣬ˡ
ұвţľ㶵վס΢΢Щ
ħһ˫ӶҿãתͷһԵİЩŭ˵СӲ˵Ϸ֣׾ٵŪС𣿸ղҪϷ֣Ѿж˿˰ɣ
ǰŵĻһæ͵ϡû뵽Ŷ̶̵һûСӾȻɳֵزղõǽ˼Ҳˣʵ̫Ѿˡ
ħǿ׺һͷ˵ԶûõĶϷϵǲĶ֣ԺͲҪϷǰ˵ˡ
ʱͷȥΨΨŵŵĲ˵һԡ
ʱһԵĻҲ͸о˲ԶǸϼһĽСʵСšһ˭ţȺġ
һصĴ֮һȸϣǰλҵػص
ŶȸϡһʼûлعƬ̣ǱҧһƵģɶȸϣҵѽСţοҪ㺦ˡ
εҡҡͷ˵û취ںӱվвʪЬģӲӣһסϽϸѦС뿪ߵԽԽãħͷҹƶҲסӡ
ǺðɣСһֵܾ֧ͣ㣬Ľ죬Ǹ缸һյֽǮӷ𡭡һҵļ򣬳һЦ
꣬ⶼʲôʱˣͺ¿˼ҿЦ
ħģһصĴϣ֮һһĸ֣һ־Ҫģҿǲˡ
һͷһۣСУҵģ治ǿЦģħͷΪ̫ˣǸǶ֣ܻӳȥǼȫһԺұء
еɫȻûң۾ħܹоʱļⶼġ
Ҹ˵򣬶ħڵǶٴʲôСˣȻˣ߸ǲܵģ죬³ɺǲҪһˣ
ҸҪ˵Щʲôȴһߵǰ棬һĳħһ΢΢ЦӷСɮ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦĹŵģŴϡ
ħ΢΢һɨ˻һۣû˵ǻ۾ͺͽܣ
СɮǡкٺһЦֵСɮ̨ɽеʱ򣬾ʦ˼˵£ҪΪһصȸϾܹǰʮʲôɽɽЩ֣ǰֵһᣬСɮСʱ򣬾رĽǼˡӷСɮǲа
ι꣬ƨĵģһļƤôôء
û뵽ˣҪݡ
Ļħƺʮã˵ͷ˵Сӻǻ˵ȻЩƨɣϷϲˣϷͷһԻ뿪ˡ


967 ʤ
Ҫ˺ܶ࣬оŵϵһ֡
ɫı춼죬Ƥǽ˵˻˵ܴͲ򣬲ܴܣĶǲԡ
һͨƨ㲻Уû˼ͽмƤӇNࣇNôһ˵ͼһС˭˵ȥ
Ϊеƨо̾Ϊֹʱû뵽û뵽һҪģҲλƵļһһ˵ϷĴˣɣһصȸϴ׹һȻͬ죬ͥظԲǴ󸻴֮֮࣬۹峺βбüʶɫ峺ֹʬȻԶӣ֮գ˪ΡȻ
ȥƨĹѾȫԽ˻Уķӣһһ׵ģƨĵľףǰ޹˺ߣü֮񲻶ģ
ȸ϶ʦ֮ǰճɶģˣüë˸⣬Ҿͻôġ
һ˵һͨ˶ģħߵ˶ܲˣһɫһƸһ㣬ҲһļƤ
ħźãһЦͷ˵ϼһе˼ϷϲĽɣϷҲһһǺһɡ
лųϲɱ֮
кɵͳһھħһ
󣬾ʣһѦСˣѦСһ£ƺҲ˵Щʲô˰죬Դǰһųϣ㳤ô˧˧֪𣿡
ȥҲƨ
ѦСҲ̫û˰ɣ
ǼʶˣЩһ⣬ֳĲҪһ棬˵⻰ʱǵ׾ÿģ
ѦСߵĻһ䣬ѻȸȫħڿѦС˵ǰ˧˧Ķ˵һ̶ֳȡ
⻰˵ĹħԼЩģɿһƬ̣ĵ˵ðɣϷһ棬֮⣬˶ԲģӣһصΪУӦõõһЩѵϷǵ˫˫ȫնϣɳѣȥɡ
ͽƨĵϣһţ˫˫֣⻹˺һЩֱӸŪ˹
ǿˣħûзߵ˼ȫڸǿЦϷŪǡ
̧ͷһħٺЦųϣɲص˼ǳʮĴãȴҪ۸ЩδɵĽ󱲣⻰˵ȥ˼ҵҿ͸̧֣ǰɣҪ潫˫˫Ÿˣʦ˼ҿ϶⣬ʱ򻹻Ѱģ˵ǲ
ħǺһЦʮֿ˵۾ͺΪȻϷ򻹲Ϸ򲻸һӣ˵һСʲôʶģϽԼնԼ˫ȣʡϷԶ֣ûǰˡ
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ղŻһЦĻУ˲ͱɫеϽ𲧶ȻֱӾͳħ˹ȥͻȻ֣ȻãϽ𲧸һ֣̾ͽâ磬˲Яһƿ죬һ̣ߵ´ɮһŷ𾭣ƻֳֺ꣬һһǰƣǰһɽܱϽҵķ顣
ϣСģ
ħߵȫǴһҪħǰȻˣħԶղŹʱ䣬ǱһأҪʤħһֲ
վڻԶҲǳһСӿ԰
ӵʱ䣬Ͻ𲧾Ѿҵħǰһ̣ǼСʱ͵Ȼ޴ˣΪеϽ𲧲ûħȵħС
Ķᣬܿ죬Ǻɵһ֣Ͻ𲧾УƽֻϽƺԸܵħĿƣأת졣
СϷϷ֮ǰʣµģϷǰۡ
⻰һ䣬ħϵͻȻǣ֮пٵĸֳһĨϽϵĽâϽ𲧱޹⣬ежȥˡ
һ̣ħ㽫ϽֳŻ˹ȥٶȸݣоһȥӣæһ㣬ۿˣæһ֣꼤˳Ͻ𲧴˹ȥٴײһ𣬷һ죬Ͻ𲧱ײɳ֮Уҳһӣ֮򷢳һʹ֮ٴηصҵĴ


968 ħ
һΣܵ˼Ϊǿķ֮Ǹ߿յݺݵҽ˴ɳӶ棬еѪҪǮƵӿ˳
ħǿҲǵһᵽ̫ǿˣҲǸé®ĽС㣬ʮа̾ǰҲǲһġ
û취֮ʵ̫ȫɵѹҡ
Ǹ֮УΪ΢ôһߣͺпһ³˵ּˡ
ҸоһǿľӲˡ
֮ǰһΪ³ֶԵãԼһ˲õ飬Ҳûн³ֶ濴̫أΪƾǼ˵ʵԽ¡
̫ˣԶеҪնࡣ
˻ǲܹ̫⣬һ˳ҲǶôõ飬ŪֱһͷСûˡ
ﵹûɶϾǳģǻСѦСߺɣǸһ飬̫һЩ
ԭëǮϵûС
˵ɳ֮ϣӶֵģ˿˿ЩζѪϵĴﻬ䣬һ˲䣬˺ֳܻ֮ܶ࣬ҷ˼ɡ
һ̣˼ҵƴ
Сүƴˣ
ѦСߵлнϵ·õķҲһħǱ߳˹ȥ
⻹Լʦ֣Ҳܲļսš
֮Է𷴿Ϊұ˵ԵʣǲԼ֮ܵһ˺
Ϊҵһսǰˡ
һ˲䣬һ
ѦСеĻľһľ֮ԴԴϵĴǰѻľ֮ɢ˳֮ϵĻĲݷܵϯȥǴ󲿷ֵĻĲݶħǱ߶ȥ
ҲˣڵһʱͽϵŭĿո˳ŭĿվһѿͳħ˹ȥ
Ȼһɺɷ
ʦֻĻڣֱӻһҲħײ˹ȥ
ķӣҲƺһɱȥ
˶֪ԴһһȵĿҪɷΪǿħֻˣ˲лĻᡣ
ħվһǻһĨЦݣӿ˵ǲмһˣɱڣûнֶη
ȻЩķŷܶòԼ֣Ϊħ߻ĸ֣Ƕħ棬ǿټϰͺݵҲħҡ
һ̣ҿħڳһźɫɷֱƮȻɺɷϢҵĽ֯һ𣬻ƣѷ֣ڻɣ쳣ҡ
ѦСòľ֮ƵЩĻĲݸͽħȫĺȥֻһΪϵ͵˲ܵһЩӰ졣
ڶʦ֣ħļ֣һͬ˳ϵı仯̤ֱӽԭأһЩ֪ʲôķĩһڶʦֵϣڵ֮ϼ֣ʦҲԵüΪʹ࣬ͣķʹİ
ͺɣʱҲſķŵĶȻһͭͭסһֻǧҲ֪ʲô취ֱӽǾеǧٻ˳һѪĳۣȺ֮мΪۡ
ǧĵɣʮһд𣬹ƾסǺ˺ͰļйȻҲûкˡ
ΪʲôǼһƬհˣϣҲпֻĽŻһƬհס
ǰһĻеѪٴα˳
һﶼƴҲԲԴС
Ȼ·һҲû
£кξ壿
һһұҪʩչҵռˡ
ΪԴ콣֮ѹ׵ı¶Ҳûκôˡ
Ƕˡ
һΣҪҵ֮зӡٴͷųħɱķ
֪ĽпĻ߻ħΪǰ漸εʹãÿһҶǿҵķ֮³зֶʱָоΪԣҪǳ켰ʱ֣ҷͷĲݶѾ߸ˡ
֮£ҲƴǾֻ·һԼȥЩֵǵҾֵˡ
һҧֱӻüģһξѪں˫֮䣬Ȼ۾ʼǿƥ


969 ڵϦ
Ƶľ·ңò֮еǿٴν⿪ӡ֪ˣҲһħĶ֣һð߻ħΣգٲ֮ء
ûа취ֻҵЩһ
Ѫķʽ⿪ӡʱѹõʱǿբĺˮٵҵ澭µÿһë׶ſѪҺڣͣһҪѿʹ
ÿһ缡Ѫⶼڱ˺ݺ˺һ㡣
ʹܣסһ
ҿٵĴ߶֮зӡħʱҵʶҲӰ죬ʼЩģ壬죬ŬԼһѡ
ҲħҵЩֵûΣ֮ǰҪԼͷԱһѡ
ҵĶ棬ѦСߺͻеѾħײһƬȡ
Ϊ׺ħȻûи
ҵڷʱͬʱҿһ㵭ĽɫΪҲͻȻ˲٣Ǹһ㣬Ҳȼһַ
ڻеߣŽ䵶ϰǸշ࣬һͬħ
ˣҲǱħѹŴԿ죬һ͹ʮС
һЩŤݣȻѾԼӵ˼ޡ
Ųס̫ãֻಫѡ
ߣҸһͷųǿʱ±һŨĺɫɷ⣬ȻӲһصЩ˵С
֪һ˴һҪŴˣλֵܣһɱС飡
˵䣬ΧܵЩһصˣʱһ߱˹˿̣ڵħûȫںϵҵϣҲ˵Ϊؼʱ̣óȻǰһûл֮ġ
һٶһСҪˡѦСߵͻȻһΣҵһֱеĻľǰһһƬⰻȻ֮ϻĲݶʱһأǰļ˸סˣţһƬɫлɢǼ˻ûüӦԵ˵ϡ
󣬺ٴηӵǼˣҲǼʮˣһ˺ƺƵĳ˹
ʱѦСѾȫ֮⣬ôˣϺ޾ɫһһһеĻľһôһնϵĻĲݶʱ˵棬ɢŷӵȺ˹ȥֵһƬ
ӿµǣ˼ǿȻмʮͻȻǰЩ˿ٵ乭ҺѦСѦС߻ӽȥ󲿷ļһһȥһɼѦС߾ˣСλø˼ѦС߷һƺߣŹڵأȻʱбͻȻһ´Ǹͷһ͵һ³ѦСߵϥ˹һͷѵ촫ѦСһҽУֱ˵˵ϣʱѦС߻Ѫ߰ߣڵϦ
ѦСƴѾˣǰѻľΣ֮ϵâѾĿ쿴ˡ
һͬΪ˵סǣѦСѾŬ
Ƿͷһе֣ŹѦСߣŽӺֳѦСߵԴȥ
һҪҽʵˣѦСߵԴ϶ҪҿԽӶܱŽ
Ȼ䣬ҾԴһȣʶıֹȥһץסǷͷѦСŵǸӣץţܹǹ
ǷͷŬһ£ûднӳȥȻһŭĳ߿һۣ沿ͱŤǿʲôΪɲĶ
ħħͷֵĴһŵеĹӣվܡ
ȻֻһתеĽԾȻˡ
⽣òŷٿأֻҵȻͺǿԼһ㡣
һһâɨǣбžʹǷͷϿȥ
һǴļһֱնǰܣϰѾ˵ϣѪء
ֻһǷͷ촦ΪǲģղŲǰ㾪ŵĻһܹȥġ
һ̿϶ǿҵ۾һֻѪ죬һֻ䣬ǿѦСߵµһ̣Ѿȫ뵽ҵӦһѪȵɱ¾ɡ


970 Ψаν
ûʲôܱĿԼֵܵԼǰҪܵˡ
꣬£ʱңǰľ
ȻһΣҲٴηҵϡ
ѦС߼ɥһ̣񴥶һңֱӴʹɱȻ䱬ˣһ͡
ҴӵʱѾȫһˣһź˫۵ĶħһɢźɫɷĹһӵ֮߳Ķޡ
һնɱǷͷϱŽѪմȾҵϣѪζ˿˿ģƮɢڿУҵıǿ
ô˷ܵζһѪо궼ڸս
Щԭ߳һصˣͻȻնɱ˷ͷ֮˫۾һŵȫŵķ˾֮ŲΪ֮һ١
ҿǣ΢΢鶯ﲻੵĹЦ֮
ҵģȴҵĺ﷢˳
ɱȺ֮зһźмʮ˿ʼ乭ܼļ
תһ۾¶һ˿Цݣһָ֣趯£һշɣȻϣҵǰȻǼʮöɼȫ֮ϣôһε֮ϡ
ЩĿɿڴע֮£ٴһֱ֣Ӿͱȥ磬ЯЩԭҵļʮöɼԭ·۷˹ȥ
ΨһͬǣҼӳֵЩɼ֮Ҫݣ
šಡ첻ڶмʮ˱Щɼᴩ壬ɥ
Щƺħڳһʮ㣬ûбҴ˿̵ҷȻһкܶɥҵУȴǰͺ̵ĳɱ
һ̣ͭǮٴƮɵҵͷ֮ϣòκӳ֣ͭǮ㡰һֽ⿪ųһɫǿ⣬ǰЩ˷ȥ
֮һǿ⣬ΪͭǮֻǴͷϷɳȥһҵľ룬ȻֽͭǮɢ俪ԼٶȳЩˡ
ҿ׹⴩͸Щ˵壬ڱܵ;УƬƬĵˣһȥɥĲڰ֮ڡ
ҴЩˣŵסˣЩ˸ֱתӡ
СšСšи캰һ
ҵͷһǻѪ߰ߵѦСߣմѪסҵĿȣȥЩ룬ؿںСźüɼѪѾȾ
˿ҵʶȽѣѦСģжʱʹ絶ʡ
Сšҡҹƿ첻ˡӰɡֵܼܻһһ
ѦСߵڲһ㱣ϵĴҩǰ˵ġ˭ҽ˭㶼һϾʹŴ뿪
Ҹ˵仰ͻȻ顱һ죬һӳҵ˹һ֣㽫˵УһеǻУӿѪľһ̯࣬ؿھҵţ˴ģлĳ΢Цһ£˵СŶǶסˣʣµľͿˡǣһ𹲸Ȫ
ŭͳ޵Ļٴȼķ˻УȻվ𣬾ͿħһΣٳ˹
۾˵һ֣Уӭħ˹ȥ
ǣҺһ㡣
ԣΨаν򣬽첻
ͬȵħ߷ɱһɨǧͳħ˹ȥħû˿ͣ٣һ֣һѴ󵶱Уһӿȥǵն
š顱һ졣
ħеǰѳӦϣһ٣һʱ⻹е˼Ϊ㽫ԼŪⷬģܿסϷ𣿡
ҸϻŽһεĳħ˹ȥħеĶϵ˹Һὣȥһ£ɽʱҵ˫Щ飬ǶϵǱҸ˹ȥ
ͳ϶ħּ֪һѳҷӦʱѾҵߣһͳһֺֿݣˮ©ʱЯŷ֮ǽһһĸ֡


971 ɴܣ꼰
һǡôûжõ֮зӡ֮ǰһҾ͹ҵˣԴ֮󣬲ҵΪֹⷴӦٶȺͶΧųжǿ̫ࡣ
ԣħһ֮еĽ꽫䵲
˱һеĽеǰѳײһ𣬷һı죬಻
˵еĽһ࣬ħеĳֻһͨĳѣеĽײ͸öγˡ
ʵȻΪħΪһѵУԽԼľ֮УԼΪһ壬ν˽һ
ǿʵߵȦӵжָġ
ӵʱ䣬ұħ˼ʮУħĵʮҵ꣬һ䲻ķλȻն˷ʤҵһθĵ潻֣òʮֵľ֮ӦսвСС
ҲܹоħҲĪѹҵĽǷƷǷ֮лӳ֣Х֮䣬֮ƴ²ɵһ֣Щ൱ļơ
ΧЩһص˺ܿ챻Һħƴܶ˶ǰǱеĽˣǱħеĵ
ּĸսûͬȼΪĸ֣ҪУǲܵģһɨҲ޷ܵġ
ЩͼҪû͵ϮҵˣһѪ֮Уûٸǰ
һǱ㽫ע˻վŵɵϣһѷĳǱ߷ӵȥ
ƾǰͭеǧǿܹԱһ᧿Σ
СȺͶʦֱֱַĸָˣ޷ȣǿƫƫԼħסҲ޷ҽԼעɢ
ҺħĻ찵أ֮һƬǽ壬֮ϱ˵Ľ͵նһĹ֣еĵһƬĻҵܷѹƵҸ͸
з˺ݣ˸ӣһɨǧħٴ˹ȥƵħ˼
ܹһٴһ־ղɢڵϵͭǮǣ˹ħ˹ȥħҵæٵӦУ϶һεʩչ콣ĵĽʽеĽֶʱ콣Ӱħ
콣үƽղʩչҲһ㣬ûн侫ȫչֳħļӳ֮£֮ǰͬնǽתٶȿۼ޷ֱ棬һʱ仯ʮѽħһƬӰ֮УǷӡڽеǣħҪȥ
һұԶݵȥɵˡ
һȱ㿴ԶħںԸʦ֣ʦϵѾĿҪˣð˰ɫһӽζӶʦϴ˹
֮ǰħڶʦϳԹרоζԸʦ֣ۿŶʦּǼָ£óһҪʦָͷס
ҪҵĶʦ֣Ҳÿ˴𲻴Ӧ
֮䣬ҿ첽ǼԸʦֵĸߣδЩ˾ͷӦ˹˿̣ǶԸʦѾβɱڣҲǺη塣
ħȻûߣһһ˳ǹֱҵĿѣҽŲһһ־ץסеĳǹＷ˽ȥ˶ʮֹϣһذף˹
˵ٶ죬Ǳڵ˰ģذ״ҵϣҵһֻѾץסӣôһšӱֱӱҸˣһƺߣеذ׾͵˳ƽסһ¾Ŀ
Ǹ˵£ǸֳҪߵʱɳ֮еĻĲһ¾ͲסĽŲӡ
ңͶʦһͬǧ껱ڵڵǷӡڵ֮еħ֮һԣҸѦСһ㣬вٿزľ
ôһ٣ѾǸֵߣһƾͳǼһؿ˹ȥ
һȥ˵ǰر˺֮ϣ߹ѣѪһڵһ˳ȥ
ԸħûʮİգǶԸЩ£ȴͬ߹һ㡣


972 
ڵҺħ£ͺñûд߶֮ǰԼħһ㣬ħɵһУܽҴĿѪ˿̵ңҲܹ׾ٵĽնɱڽ¡
ħҪһɱܹҪصĴۡ
˿̵ʱͭǮͽ꽫ħʱסˣ֪ʱ䲻̫ҪǴ˿Ϊǣǽ콣ʩչΪǿһĻҺ֮϶ǻѷѽ⡣
ͳһҪȡնɱħ£ǵܹסѦСߺͻе
ûȫ߻ħ֮ǰħûдӽߵĽ֮ѳ֮ǰұҪЩ顣
Ҿ͸ħͬھ
һɱħ֮Ҵӵ˳ּһѳֱЩԶʦֲļһҿѾһóһźɫʦָסˣʦڷðɢŽζỊ̇ʮʹࡣ
ᵶϣǰǸúסʦֵļһһѾͽʦֱһȥƺҪŶʦ·Ľࡣ
ҶʱͼˣҵˣҸûʱԸǣӿŲһΣȣ׷Ǹ߶ʦֵļһСߵٶȷɿ죬ֱеĳ콣л㾦ʽһɫĹ̼籡ǱŶʦֵļһʹ˹ȥ
СҲһ֣һΣԭԱһֱӶ㿪һֻ⻭㾦ͻȻʹ̫һЩȻûдȴԶĵ֮ϣɫĹȻҲֻڰС֮ǰҪǿֱֹӽһӣǷ׷ɵĻɳǸŶʦܵļһϣֱӽƷڵء
վҺ˼͵ߣеĳͳкȥСӻڵûһѶ̵ͺ˹˵ıжײһ𣬼һŻ⣬Сӵһһ֮£еĶ̵ʱ㱻նΪ룬Ϊ֮һ㶣ٴο첽ǰһͱĿѡ
һĶڵʯ֮䣬ӣС׹ʱеĳȻĿѣһֱӽһϡã߶ûкһ͵˵ϣɥ
ҳ˳ʬ֮һקסʦֵĴҪʦָųϣŴҲһķ£ûа취򿪣еĵ˼£Ծûκôڵͬī֭ޱȣķŲܴ򿪡
Լ޷ŪҲ˷ʱ䣬Ϊҵʱ䲻ˡ
ʦǺ֮ʹ֣Ƭֱ̣ͶʦһװǬ˱֮С
̧֮ͷħķȥղҼͭǮѾħ˳ȥֻ趯ŵĽ껹ħݡ
ֻ˿̵ĽҲѾ࣬ƳŲסˡ
һĹ߱ӿʮˣǹìһ󣬳˹͵߶ǲľ֮ϵĻĲݶʱЩĺ˵˫Ÿԭء
ʱҲŷ֣Ҵ˿̿Ʋľ֮ıҪѦСǿ̫࣬Ҫǧ껱һǧҺͶʦָϷˡ
ѦСߵǻľĽֻһСѣȻ޷յǧᲢۡ
ĲһʱЩ˵°ȫסˣ޷ֺ
һ̣һͺɨ˹ȥһĵ⸡֣ʱ߰˸ͷأѪ䡣
ЩԭԾԾԵĺˣһ龰㲻ǰ
ݵһ˲䣬ѾٴνéɽǬ˱˳߶˵֮еôһΡ
Ȼɱ죬һƬéɽöڴ˿ʮ
塭
һ죬Щڵϵĺ˵ʬ壬кܶ඼쳣
΢ĶȻϿʼëǺɫĳëԽԽ֮󣬼ͬһʱ̣вʮʬӵֱ֮ͦͦĵ
ʬˡ
ȫһˮĺëʬ
Լʮ׺ɫӲָףһ˫˫Ѫ۾ȫˡ졣
ëʬ
Щʬ巢ʬ֮󣬺ܿͱ˷˾֮Ϊ֮һ٣˶ֽţŷɢܵЩëʬ۾ֵĿ˹ȥ
嶣塭ٴλζéɽ壬˽źš


973 ֳһʤ
Ƕʮߺëʬͬʱһƺ𣬴ӿһŨʬѰԼĺˣ˹ȥ
éɽүϷⶫĲʱȽ⣬ǷͨķͿھǣ֮ڤڤ֮УͨԪصĲٿأѾոȥЩ˵Ļϣֱӱ˽ʬ
Ϊéɽɽֻéɽƽ̺һĳϲŶʹֿʬطéɽеʬҲûҵĸΪ䣬үү˵ģΪΣҵһֱûи
˿̣⽫ʮߺëʬéɽţ㳯ΧЩ˹ȥ
Щ˸Ӧ㱻ëʬ˵˵ϣһҪ£ܽӶҧѪģʮҡ
ôëʬ֣ʱŻЩͨĺˣѰô̡
ëʬһ֣ұߺëʬѦСߺͻŵĵط˹ȥסǵȫ
ЩëʬͭƤǣһԾ֮£һɶԶ
ͨĽʬѾѶԸˣ˵Ǻëʬˣ൱һˮƽĸ֣ʵͷ۵Ķ
ʬⶫéɽͶοʬ˵̫鷳飬ȻҲҪ⽩ʬʲôȼë֮ϻëëëϻзɽʬǣÿһȼǵбɱϵ˲׶ΣǽʬӵԼʶ
רŶԸֽʬ߶ýʬʮͷʹ͸˵Щźˣһʬ޷Ӧԣֻб׷ŵܵķݶ
ѦСߺͻ˵ĺأпδڵϺһûжˣ֪ǲǻţ¶Ҳ룬Ҳûйȥ룬ЩëʬΧסǣֻȥѡ
ʣĴ󲿷ֺëʬǱ˹ȥ
Ǳ߶סѹҲõһҾΪһѦС߸ߣȻȴȫҵϣ֮⣬˶Զһ
Ⲣ˵жôǿΪһķӵԵʡ
ڲ㷨֮ΪͨҿȻͭӪһʮķ󣬽ԼΧм䣬ܶ˸ķĽԼշϣŪⷨҪϾ̫ˡ
ͭάַĳ֮⣬ǸŮ
˿̿άֵǸҲҡҡ׹³ݵһڸ֣㷨ȫŪķкǷϵķ֣ʱֱļơ
ãҿʮߺëʬǱ˹ȥӦܹɴ󲿷ֵѹ
ʮߺëʬǱߣȻ䣬ҾĿһʹĴһȸУ˭һպһ㡣
̧ͷʱ򣬵һɫĹâһ㳯߷ٶ
ǵɫĹâҵĽꡣ
ϣǿ콣еĽҲûм̫ʱ䣬ֱʬ䣬ҲӵĹ⾰⽣ߵ㱻ħˡ
ԤеĻ졣
һ֣ǽҵУȻĳײ֮ײһסΡ
з΢һ£±עУ˲ٴιâʢ
Ž֮ħ첽һ֣죬ץ˹
һֻеéɽ΢΢һΣʱ߰˾ߺëʬҵǰ棬ħ˹ȥ
֮ǰұ׼ûȫЩëʬɢȥһЩߣΪ˶Ըħġ
߰˾ߺëʬ˲ħһ棬ΪЩĺëʬֵܹһģϣħֱһ̬һ֮䣬ħķɳȥߺëʬߺëʬԴħһˡ
ëʬԴʯͷҪӲ滳ɣϾж
ҵһҵ飬Ž꣬ٴӭħɱ˹ȥߺëʬӦ֮£ߵѹҲû֮ǰħƴ֮ʱִܵѹƵĸоˡ
ڶǿħ֮Ҹħ֮ʵ൱΢ǿһҲ˶ѣ˺ëʬļ룬ħǱߵʱЩֹ̫ˡ
鵽ֵزѾƴܾ˵ľˣؼģҪҺħֳ֮һʤ˿̵ңѾʮĻռһЩϷľ֮£ҸǽеĽĸ


974 Ϊ
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ߺëʬЭ֮£һкݹһУһ͹һУϵĳħһһĽС
ƴһ·֮ϣǻɳĵ˵ܲΧĞųĵݣѾƴȫħҲһΪӵ˼ޣ˴Ļ찵أɿ
һϰ֮ߵĺëʬֱħķһǰǼһ㣬ȫԴ飬ԽӶ˳
⽩ʬԴһܵ쳣ǿҵػéɽǽʬϵ֮ɢëʬͻٴαΪͨʬ
ħ̫ǿˡ
һϵзƴ֮Һħݵķֿʮҵľ롣
ħеǰѿѾ꿳ľжеĽֱ֮࣬ע˸Ϊǿħ֮һɫĹâַ֮˳һĨŨĺɫɷһƯЩɷһ㡣
ĸƴľ޴ԭħΪΪ֧ŲסģʱԽħĻԽȻһκ̫һˣĵĺܿ죬ħļ󲢲̫ԣʶҲͦѵġ
˷ֱվһûκζɮ붨һ㡣
һ־˫һڸԷ۲Է˭ģ˭ܹס
ʱһͻȻ뵽һӣһһħǱ˶һΣһ־ͳץ˹ͬʱһеéɽ壬ߵ߽ʬʱ㵲ҵǰ档
ʯ֮䣬ħգۼ͵ҵߣҾһкڻģ˫צӲûץҵϣץߺëʬϣǵؿֱץѪ
ˣݼš
ħץסߺëʬͬʱһл㾦ͨߺëʬķ϶ħϴ˹ȥ
ѾǱ޿ɱܣħһ˫۾¶˾֮ɫæһȥ˰ģ˲Ϣ֮䣬ħڳһŨĺԼǰ
ˣħǱһл㾦ˡ
һڴɫ籡ײĺȻŴħϣҷһѪħļλ˳ȻħӾ͵˳ȥɳ߰ԶӲص˵ϣ˼ͣЪ
һĻҵĳȣ꣬ħڱҸɷˡ
һЩţħݺὭʮĸ֣Ҹɱ
㶵վһŽ껺ķ˹ȥ
ħԶʱͻȻоЩ̫Ծħ΢΢£û
ħ͵һվӣһɿֲϢ˲ƣҸоæһż⣬ӵ˳ȥ
˵ͬʱħͻȻŭһһͻȻѿζȻſ˫֣˫־ͱһ˫һĽħĿзôŶС
Ҵʱүү˵һصȸϱһֻееĴΣıһֻ񣬴˿ħˣֳԭͣ¶ԼĿ
ħѱ֮󣬻һֻǧĸͷҪĹһ֮չ˸߿գ˫֮䣬֮ϼֱǷɳʯҸԶоӶ޷վˡ
ħÿֳԭζ֮Ҳһ㣬óΪһΣħóʵʵƴı³
ΪħһԾգĻϯأƺƵƲɵ
ţħ͵һתſһ˫˶צӣҸ
һĻŵĳһ亹ĺɫɷΪ֮͡
˰ֱӾеĽ꣬׼ħٴһл㾦ɫĹ籡ֱӭħʹ˹ȥ
ħܣͻȻͷǵɫײһһ֮󣬽Իޡ
һ˲䣬ħһ׵ľ룬ʱħͻȻֻΣ˫֣ҵؿ˹
ٶ̫ˣһֵұ޿ɱˡ
ҲǷ˺ݣֱ˽꣬Ҳ˫ƣʹ˳ħʵʵĶԺһơ
ָཻо̫ˬ
һ˲䣬Ҿ;ǱһӭٿĻͷײһ£ϵľ֪˶ٸӯڵǿħӲɢ


975 ֻܼ
̫ǿˣ
ҵ˫ħ˫ײһʱҵһоˡ
ҵܹҵŴֹҲܲסʢŭ֮£ħΪ۷һ
ƴͬʱħҲƴˣһУΪҪҵġ
˫ײһ𣬿֮жȻ䷢һ޴¡һ죬ҺħΪģܵĞųƺȼˣһǿ糯ܷɢȥϵĻɳĴ
ҵٴһһ˳ȥʱһǿƥͨҵ˫ַӿҵ澭ϣѪӿؿȼһŻһſڣһѪ˳
һΣҺݺݵ˵ϣʱת죬ǰһΣǿħʼˮһȥ·ӡ˵֮С
ôһ˲䣬ҸоԼҪˣֻҪһ۾ҾҲ
һڸңҲܵ£ҵˣЩֵô죿
ʦô졭СֵΣ
һҧȫ˿˿Ѫǿһ־ûԼ۾ĺۣǱͿһ㣬Դ죬ôһ˲䣬ܵһҶˣҲˣͺʣһˡ
˲֪ãõŰ˷ҵڣߵʵɱҽڼ˵£Ǻëʬ˵ڵϣſҧǵѪ⣬ڵľ׽š
Щһصĸ֣ó˷ЩëʬϴȥЩëʬҲбڵصģðŰɫʬֹ
еһжޱʵ
ϣֻһΣ֮һ޺ۼ
ǰһȴңⲢξһжʵʵ顣
˫ƶƴڵأҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬оܳܳ־úһ˲䷢顣
һعʱħķȥ
ҶƴһƵħȻҲûռ̫ıˣҲһǵڵϵģʮ׿ĵط
ҿʱͬʱҲңһ˫Ӻâ˸һ̣ҿħĴӵһ֣ǰѿѾжĳУȻ󻺲˹
ħλһƬѪģǻѪǹһĨЦ⣬һһĳ˹ȴβסڳŨŨɱ⡣
ħ߹ʱҲǲſʵݣǰħҲĸߴ׳һӣ˿ʮͣɢһڶϡ
һΣʦ͵Ϯˣ·ѾˣϵӿˣͷҲֻϡļԴϣѾյĲģԵ
ħ˹ʶı߶Ĵ˳ֻǴ˿̵ĽҲû֮ǰĹâ貣ֻеһɫڽ֮ϸ˳
ڸղŸħԺһƣܵ˼صˣ澭ٶѾˣŽֻ֣ͷҲǶˣŬԼվǷֵֻģôҲվˡ
̶̵ʮ׵ľ룬ħһһıƽҸܵӰҸסˣ˵ǼٵģҴûһθоǰĽֻҪħеȻصұ촦
ܿ죬ħߵҵߣ̧еĵָҵؿڣ˵ϷݺὭʮأһͳԹδһΪ㣬һλΪ㣬ò˵СһǸţֻϧΪãһҵĵˣҲգ䣬ԺҲһͷ󻼣
˵ţħеĳ͵һ³ҲϿ
ǰѾжĳźХķһԴͻҡ
ܴ˿̵˺ۣʹı֮£һǾŲһӣϣܹȥһ
ȻԤ벻ǣħеֻһ룬ͻȻ֮䣬һɫĹħϣħиеͻȻͶһҲܶˡ
ҿʲô
ѵүȥˣ䣬ħֱӸ
һ±Ƶʱ򣬲ԶͻȻһСţ죬Ūֻܼӣ
ɵġ
֮һʱҲ֪һӺ֮һҧһȻվеĽ궸Ȼֱӳħؿ˹ȥ


976 ɱħ
ֻж̶̵ļӣת˲ţȻװ˷ѣɺ仰ʱҵѡԼ̵ʹ˳Ȼ佫Ž곯ħؿ˹ȥ
ŵһĻˣħǱԭأһûжֱеĽ࣬¶ʱӻЩ¡
ҷ£ħҲȦˡ
һ˫˼ĴֱۣĿңȻֿһҴؿڵĽ꣬תͷɵķҹȥ
˳ħȥʱŵǱͭԭӡǧͭͭɢһŵĽ⣬סħȡӵʱ䣬еĽŴؿڡ
˿̣ӵʱѹħѾܶˣ˿̵ѾڿٵţǰѿѾжĳॡһ˵ϣϳ˺üأûļӳ֣ѵҲһͨķ
˫ŲʺĿĶң˿Ŀ϶룬ȲʤȯΪʲôջҵУղֻҪһȥҵԴͻҡ
ҪĹͷɵͭĹâֹ˾ط
ʱҲɾʮϲͭһֱҵ̫̫ͭҲ˵ͭƣ˵ǿڶʱ˵ɣ˶ԭأǸɶ÷
ʱһ¶ЩףͭһֱӾø
һ֮٣ȴҵһնɱһصĳħ
ôᡭħһſڣѪĿдӿ
һȥҼĹеҺħͬһʱ䶼˵ϡ
ȸϡԴ˺ܶ˵ľħЩ׺£б³ֶİֽȺͺˣЩëʬľһߺ޵ĳ˹
Ѿȫûˣûħ֧ţϵľһƬң֪˶٣ɱħ֮Ҿ˵ϣһҲֻܶĿħЩ¿ٵĳջһ
ˣ֮ǰܹնɱħҲһָᣬҲǷһѣ˽֪ħɱҲûûҵͷ
ɿ龰ʱͭǺٻ˳Ҳ߿첽
ʱҲòȥ߶ײײȻҲ˵ġ
ҲûãΪ˹̫ˣһˮĶǸ֡
ǰһ˱³ֶĶŭڣеİֽȣͷͳ˹
ұ۾ȴٵһ̡
Ҹոձ۾Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻܵĿһ˲ޱȣƺһ
⶯һ۾ʱ򣬷ҵͷ֮ͻȻһֻɫĴɢһɫӫ⣬Ϊĳ֣ܱĺˣҵüëͷ˲һ㺮˪
Ӳ˼ǣԭŰֽȳŴİɫһֻȻϣۿɼٶȿٵĽֱӱһˡ
ʱİһŰֽȳҴĶѾٵĸסˣһıƷ
ɫĴֱӹعͷҿһۣȻܲϳһص˲ϻųÿһ³ܵĿͺ伸֡
ϵĻĲ˲ͽһ㺮˪ҺϢҲȫ˱ӣĵ
̫ˣһ䡣
ЩûüɺϢֱӾͶӲıӣֱͦͦĵȥѳһر顣
ɴʱǺߵĲԶͻȻһֻɫĴ֣Ҳǰ
ǴһɣȻſ˵ˣҷǸŮ˵ģʲôߣ
Żعһæлл
ʲôϽߣɫĴԵüΪͷϵĻɫĳ򣬳һϱƽȥЩȫʶֻɫ֮һʱ׷׶û˸ҳ߿
ɴŵӣ߱˹һѽҴӵϲæСšл·ˣӰɡ
ʱңһãȻֻɫĴǴðģ֮ǰûмҲʶΪʲôҪأ


977 ӳ
ʱݲҶ룬ɾѾҴӵϲһֻͭһֲֻҵӣֻɫɱѪ·첽У˸ûһɺɷͻȻƮȻǵߣΡ
ȸղŸħڳһɫɷһЩɫɷħϵһЩ壬Щ˵ĻҲ飬Ҳֹһħɱ֮ЩĹ»꣬û˲ٿأ·
ʱȲڵѣȵĳ֣ɺҶЩϲ
ҿȵһЩӺ죬Ǻ˺ܶ׾һĹеȡ㻹ܳŵס𣿡
ȵӻ˻ΣСŸ硭ȺղǸϵȲһͱǸɵˣղҲ֪ЩôˡͻȻͲܿơȾͽȫɵˡ
ԺӣܳŵסͶһǰǿ·СŸ첻ˡЩż˵
ȵ˵ͷһ˫۾ʱЩˮģҪһ㣬ǹɵ˵áҲҪСŸȴǳȥ
ԭЩ˯ȣ˵űתǰƮ˹ȥЩͼסǵˣɴ˿̵СԸǡ
ҲܿĳʱСѾʮƣˣϾ֮ǰħϵЩսôãÿ˴壬ȶҪһʱ䡣
ˣСҲǰһ·ǿ˸ǰһɺɷˣȥһһˡ
ǰûǾֿ˱ߺëʬŵѦСߺͻС
˿̵ǣڵûκζ֪ǻ˹ȥѾˡ
ȫס˽Ųҿһۣ˵ϸ磬ǳȥɡҿǲˡ
תͷһۣ˵ôۣȻעѴѣ˭ˣģϷа취
˵ţɽ˵ϣƿЩëʬٴνͭ˳ҧָǾ֮һĬ˼нɫĹâѦСߺͻǱ˹ȥƬ֮ѦСߺͻоͲӰӦǽͭĿռ֮С
ͭһ磬ҲУ˿̼ʩչֶΣҲٴ棬û뵽ͭȻôôֲõɷҪ澵ӣһķ
ѦСߺͻ֮⣬һ⼸˵ʬ屻һ֮ͬͭУҲ֪ɹΪ֮ʲôԭ
£Ҳ˵ĶʣҪ
ɽѦСߺͻжɽͭԺߵҵߣ˵СţҲһɣҪϷˣ߲̫Զ·
ҵ˵ͷʾӦʡ
ٴóǸͭһǰһ㣬һ͵Ľ⽫Уʶһ㱣űЩתָоֻƬ̣ٴиоʱ򣬷Ѿ֮ͭеľ磬ܰããһƬȫǷİҵ֫ȫʹ˿һо
ƣӣҪѰкѦСߵӰ⾵˰ãã֮⣬ʲôûпҲ֪ɽǶŪʲôط
̫ˣҷһЩ֮󣬸оѵĲУ۾գ£һͷ˹ȥ
ȥɡ
ҵʶʼڵĿռ֮С
Һ˯һȻȻģһҵϣȻһתһٴιƽ
СšСšѡһеҶ
ΪԼΣûһֱҶţüһֻĴҡ
Сţҵдһ˿ʹɵûһ۾
ͿմȾ˺ܶѪףһеĿң˫֮ȫѪ˿
۾֮ԵʮָˣСˣΪѲء
ƣĻһӣʹͣЩɳƵ˵ϸ硭Ķ
ڳϣǴӽڿϡɵ
ҿһֻۣڳϣطŴɳʮأҲ֪˶ò˹ڵɫȻЩˡ
СţǻӳˣΣܲܿǿ߰ɡ滹׷ºܿ׷ˡЩе˵


978 Ϲ̷
۵˯ɢ˼һ㣬һ˫ֶħһƸˡ
ɾȻܲܿⲻǿЦ
ҷ˸ۣ˵硭ܿ𣿲ǰҾѾܺˡ
һ͵ӣ˵ѽ㲻ܿǿզ찡ϷҲῪղֻ˵ˣ滹һ׷أٹСʱ͹ˡ
˵һ£ֻɫĴ֮ʣɫĴ־һ
һֻź֮Ĵ񣬿ЩǻüͷܴһֻͻȻ֣ȴʶܿԣ˭أ
ϸ硭ֻɫĴѣɻ
Ҳһ£ʵǲ𣿡
Ҳʶûмҵ
ܰǴ˵ʶ㰡Ҳ
ʶңܰɡ˵׷֮⣬˵ʲôûУҺ
ϸһ£ŵˡղ˵Ϲ̡
á˭أϹ̣УҲֻ񰡣Ƶ
һεı飬˵ֻô˵ģ˵Ϲ̣ǲǵģˣϷʲô¶
ˣ¶֣ôͻȻһֻɫϹ̣˭˵ȥ
أʵ
Ϲˣʮ֮ǰ˵ֻܰﵽˣҪȥˣҲû˵ȥģˣȲ¶ȸ˵զ죿ҪȻٽװ֮ͭУҴ·ɡɼе˵
·𣿱Ϲͷɢˡˣҽ㿪ʻȥɡҵ
ɽŽɵ˵𣿡
ҲУϽģǺò׻˳ܲϰɡҴߴٵ
аɣϷԡ˵ţɾҪȥʻңͻȻһ飬кɽҵֻó
Щɣǽҵֻ˳óһֻˣʱã˫ֶˣһ۵Ҫɰҵսĵ绰˹ȥ
ʱ֣ս廹˯绰֮ͱͨˡ
ûʱս˵ֻ̫࣬ϵݸص飬ϽɳѸɨ³ֶĲ˳Ǹߡ
ս˵ļУҲЩʲôˣǲˡ
Ӧһ˵Σħ³ֶ棬Ҹɱˡ
սħҸɱˣƵһҪ˵Щʲôұߴ¶ȥ˵ǶʣСˣҺ滹׷ܿ׷ˣɡ
ս˵һã͹˵绰ϵݸصˡ
˵绰ɿɲҵţ
ɲһͷ˳ӣӲݴ￪˳ŢС·
ϾǸķӣǿһͨܿ˿ĻɣںĻˡ
ǵĳӸտ˴·͸оһӵ죬һͷһֹۣ׷١
ɸæ˸ߵλŲȵķ𣬳Ӻܿǰɳ۶ȥһ·ҹͷɢˣɿĸоûнӿȥ
һͷʱ򣬷׷ѾԽԽԶˡ
˵ڿҲǸӣǸһŮѧģҲ֤ʻͻȻţпˣ϶ҪոС
ӿ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ǲŵ˰·ϣǰȫһЩ
ʱͻȻѦСߺͻУԼСȵ
һɣǵΣɸ˵ȸһ·ֱ֮ܵӾҵǬ˱ѦСߺͻеһֱûü鿴ǵʱӣӦúأеĻҪء
ҪصҶȣȥѦСߵλүҪȻпܻС
һǣеһƣϮ˵ǣԼҲоԼڲѾϵˣҲ᲻κһƬޡ
һ³̫֮ˣħܻųѾǲеҡ
һĬ֮ͻȻ䣬ǰͻȻɳ۹ʮԽҰƿ͸۾Ȼ󣬾һ죬ֱӿųǰһԽҰײһұײͷĿѣֱӴϻ


979 
ҵ屾˺ۣɿôһײҵԴǰĿϣֱӻȥ
һȥһ̣ɸңϰֱӽǰײˣƵһͷѪ
ӱײͣˡ
һƬӵ죬ɲڶд򿪳ŵиǹе죬Ƭ֮һȺ˷ӵŲҪһüɽװˣŸʽһͿסɣĳ˳
һЩˣɲûзҲ˵Ⱥд󲿷ֶǹûã˳ģҲûɶ֮ˡ
ɽװ˳⣬ȻóĶһ廨
Ȼ󣬻һ˳ţʮǹңԱ߻صˣŲҶ
꣬ҵ붯ţǶ˰۵ҪϣûˣҪҵܹԴԴϵɰ˷ͻȥˡ
ɱס֮󣬱ţһԼˣǱİ
ҲΪˣʱˣҵİΣЩƺûȥɵĻٴһ㣬ǲɷ˵㽫Ҵӳ˳ҲΪҸ۵ҵҪ˫ֵĹͷǶˣһ۵Ҫ
Ǽ޷߶ɺü̧ţҺһɫĳ档
ҸоӦǸȻ滹мŰ״ӵҽ׼ĵֵͦġ
صһʮ־裬һĻ侯ؾźصȻǹְԱҲȦˣֻҪߣҪؽ֮Լ׳ɵĹأǾǲʹִĻ¶һصЩа˶أοصˡ
߱ڳˣһŴţͻȻóһǹָˣôһ¶¹ʲôˣֻҪߣƴʹûԺͱȦˣߵﶼƲ
ص˿Բǹ侯սʿؾͲһˣǲȦӣִһĲ࣬ǹȻ
ԣص侯ԼؾϣǴа̷ΪǿֶΡ
˿̣޷ȷҺɵݣһصһǲòһͿסǣȻ
ҺɶһܿľȻţš
Щϰֳ棬һֱĳţЩĸо
ϵˣôϰߺͳ͢˴򽻵һǻġ
ҿһɣʾģһжء
ڳȺƬ̣ɽװ˳һ꿴ʮ꣬һӢŨüۣɫһߵҵߣһ
ãǲݸصĸ˺ĻһСʱǰǽӵʡڵ֪ͨ˵Ǵɳаһص٣ڹȷһݣɣĻʵ
ҾǡҴ
ô֤أĻֵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҵֻصս绰ȷһ¾ˡҵ
ĻʹһɫԵصԱһҵĶｫֻ˳Ȼս岦˹ȥҼ򵥸ս˵˼䣬ȷҵ֮󣬺ĻɫڷҲЩЦ⡣
Ѿʱ򻹸ңֵģ˫֮Ѫ߰ߣһЩΣǱգ˵ãŴˣܸ㡣
˵ʵҲͦ˵ģԼˣڲ׽ʱ˵һڷкܶһصĸ־ڴɳѸҺܶ໹ħ棬Ҫ˷ʱˣȥԸЩ˵
һħڣĻɫ˲ͺȻתͷɽװϿ֪ͨ棬Ԯ˵һصĶڣЩĸڡ
ɽװһҲһתҪȥʱұˣħѾˣЩ£ص侯Ӧܹ¡
ˣĻЩŵʵ
ˣɱġһص
˵Ļ۾˲͵ԲˣЩŵ˵ûɣǿһصĴ֮һȸϣа̾뢣ɱ


980 ˵Ĳ
ҸҪ˵һһֱĬɱЩͷ˵˵Щص˰¶ôôīأһص³ֶƤӵǶҲҪЩɢʿͷ¶棬Ѫᣬ˵ǻţħ˾ˣƭǲɣīһħº³ֶЩбܽûӰˡ
ɵ⻰ǴŪĺĻ϶Ǻһһģ϶ÿ
ĻһŸҿ˵ϵܣôŰɣȥݸصĸҽԺȥˣҴȥɨβһ֮ġ
ҵ˵ͷûٶ˵Щʲôʵ̫ˡ
󣬺Ļһ뿪˾Ȼ˳š
ȻܿˣĻǸҺɽ⿪ȻҽǼ򵥵Ĵ˿ڣ̶ϵĹͷ
ò˵ϼһﻹǺñ£ɱ˵ı²ԱıȴһһģȻҲˣǼȾͺ̫ˣҪĹȣ˹Ҳᡣ
̫۵ԵʣɿЩ˯ˣʱ˰ȫڣ˻澵ĻкѦСߣϵƺһҪأұɽŪҲ⳵һƵģ򵥵ȴһ¡
ҽصˣڸϡŹֵҲöˣҽЩǵʱǲΪ棬ȴ޳˸ŪϾ⳵Ŀռ䲻һ·ŲôˣǵĺصĻǷųҲΪֻһЩ򵥵İȵ˲ݸص˽ҽԺȽ豸УһܹߵרƣҪöˡ
ѭЩҽߵĶȻߴ˾Ͻ
һ·۵糸˰Сʱ͵˲ݸľڣתһʻһ۵ĴԺ֮С
Ժ˺ܶˣҺתƵһݸصԺһʮεڡ
ҺɱһܴĲ֮УкܶҽЩȥ궼Сˡ
̫ڵѦСߺͻеƣ˿Ҳ˲࣬ɵ˵棬㽫ѦСߺͻд֮ͭи˳
ٴοѦСߺͻеʱвһʹ
ǵ̫ˣѪǻУҵĸоˣؿò΢΢һ£ѦСߣҲȻֹ۶١
֮⣬кܶһصĺ˶˳Щ˴඼ʬҲһܹģܾܲȻҾͲ֪ˡ
ǵõսرУкѦСһڲ֮УǱ㿪ʼȣһŻҡ
һʼһܵ۾һǺʵǳŲסˣһͷ˯˹ȥ
ٴʱ򣬷ٴκﰲĿ¡
ҳԿһۣ־ŴֱɡѦСߺͻС
Ǽȫɴһȫľ״ҡ
ԼҲ࣬˫֣ѾŪʯ࣬ЩʲôʱһҲ֪
̫ˣҵûƣ
Ѿȫˣжзһ˯ʱ䣬һɱңҿ϶Ҳκξ졣
ҺüûκλӦҲƣĺˡ
֮ʣͻȻ䷿һ䴫һ죬תͷȥһһ·Ůʿ˹ȥ
ҸղžȻûз
ãʲôܰ𣿡ǸСʿ֣Щĸо˳ĺ㣬ҵĪЩһˡ
ãҾһ£⼸λʲôˡҿ˵
ǸСʿק½ǣЩ˼˵ҡҲ֪ʲôҸûãɣȥк鳤ͺˣ˵֮ҽ
ҵ˵ͷ˵лл
СʿһЦܳ˲
ԼʮӵĹ򣬺ĻЩ糾͵ĸ˹ɫÿҷСϾȻҲˡ
Ļֱ˹ԱһŵҵԱߣЩǵ˵ϵܣ˵Ŀɲᰡҽ˵澭˺üҲܵ𵴣һ˫ֱȫϵˣƵ²ָֻˡҲû̫õİ취
˵Ļ̾һ߽ˣɲС飬ĺܻһˣԶ޷ˡ


981 ˴
Ȼ֪ԼʲôĵĻѦСߺͻǵİΣ
Ǽλˣʵ
ĻҪҡҡͷ˵ܲɹۣλǺһЩ֮⣬˶Ѿ˴ĵزô˵أ˰˵Ѿˣֵǣһ֮ڵۻǲɢӿԲѾûкˣҲ˵λֲֵ˶㲻ϣҲû̫𡭡㿴
Ļһ˵Ҿ;ЩͷĿѣԴһƬ⵱ͷȡ
ֻǾѦСߺͻе˺أȴûϵصزȻûʲôˡ
һң죬ҽܲˣҲĳ
Ҳ֪˶ãĻͻȻְοƵҵļ̾ϢһϵܣڰطѾˣҽޣоȣǻʡȥһƣǵطҽ϶ҪֵؼҪǿ࡭
һ˵ѵʲôղֻѹˣȻѦСǼǸɶˡ
ƾǻصҲҽβˣֻȥѦңǷ֮ȥѦѦλ˼ңǿ϶а취ġ
ʱѦС˵أűǻҲˡ
˵һҵʱҲ޷չǣѦСߺͻԾȣѦСߵҩ˳
룬ѦСߵҽ϶֪к˴
޷Ծȵ֮£ѦС߿϶Լ̷ĳֵҩܹ֮ۻǲɢ֮ǻһὫ͵ѦңȻλү
϶ġ
뵽ĪһǺĻ磬ܲȥϳǣ
ڣĻɻ
ԣڣʱϵԽþԽ鷳а취⼸λֵˡЩ˵޲ͷɵҶȥ
еˣһɡĻ
ڡҶȻ
ĻԥƬ̣ŵҲУ͸ǰųü˻ǻȥ
лˡҵ
˵ţĻ˵绰һͨ˵Ƕʮңͻгǻȥ
ٴαʾ˸лһ飬֮󣬺ַʲô
һ¶Ļʱ˵֮Ŵ㳯ŴɳѵķȥڰϾһصԼϰ˵Ķ飬֪һʹʮֲңǴԼһٶ˵Уĸ֣һһ˵ҪΪϱ𣬶ǷҵĹ
սһСʱһصǱ߱˲ཫʮˣǱҲ˶ʮˣ󲿷ֶЩ侯ͬ־ӱƷ˺üƾǿĻ֧Ԯֻǲʤ
ҪǴŻƶѾȫûˡ
ʣЩɢڷݸһصа
һ춼æЩ飬һ¶Щ¡
Щһص˸һȫҪʲô̼
ܲôұأҽǵȸϸɱˣЩ˵Уܶ඼ħ档
Ļ˵Щ֮ȥһ˴ɳѣרȥһֳǵط˼һ㣬Ǻɵ壬ϵĻɳѪȾˡ
Ǹطҵ³ֶʬ壬һӣȻˡ
⻹ʹĵӣм³ֶĸ߲ʬ壬ǲûҵ˵ħʬ塣
ûҵħʬ壬޷ȷ˵ɱħпڴţ
Ҳϣûκ塣
ʬûˣֻһǱǱһص˸Ūˡ
Ͼһϣܲ䱩ʬҰǣ
úĻʮֺǣǼ˾δôһصֵİΧȦӳġ
Ҳ֪զ˵ʱǼȸֻҡ
ؼһƾնһϹ̣Ϲ̾ȻһֻɫĻü
ڻͷأֻ񵽵ʲô·ΪɶͻȻ־ң¶ҵûȥүүҵûһֻݡ
Ļһǵĳӱ㵽¥¡
һʱ˺öˣ⼸Աȫ̧¥£װ˳档
εĳ㹻һͳװģܹǼ֮⣬⻹һصԱУһ·ǵϳǡ
ԣݸϳǶ³أҲİٹҹʮ֮ǰǿ϶ܵĿĵء


982 
˯һ죬ҵǲֻǾһֵģ˵һҲ֪ǺĻʲôҽҽεģƺûʲôЧ
ɰ˵һԴһ̿ʼһֱڳ˯˯ĺܰѣӦʮ£Ұֲͣ˳һ㣬ȥʮģϹͷڻˣҪЪϺһӡ
Ҳأһֱ²͸ʲôжı£һҵܻ̤ʵ飬ֻҪڣܹ׾ٵĻ
ķӣ˳ᢣΪؼʱ򣬽ˮ֮С
ͱɱħʱôҲ뵽ɻͻȻôһӣħӡ
ŸһɱĻᣬƾʵӦҲŶԡ
ңɿ϶Ǽ˵ģħΪΪ۷ʱڣɵͭҲ˶ãħҲ
ħƴһܾˣһҪأʱɲͻȻԤ׵ĳ֣ʱ˵ħҲûκη
³ֶ֮ǰ˶һԣһˣǮ֮ףĸһƬޡ
Ȼƫ֮ĽҲࡣ
Ǯʱˡ
ѦСߺͻпһԪֻ֮ʣСڵҲ̫˽⣬϶˺صˡ
һΣȻǱ˳𣬲Ĵ̫ˣ֪㣬³֮вҲա
ѦСߺͻаһʮǿĸھθС
˿ֻ̣ܼϣѦҵλүӣܹȻȻ治֪ԭԼ
ڸϷ۵糸һ·֮ϣǼݸصһֱСʲô߿˵ϵһЩ飬ЩŹ֣ЩηЩ档
£ұǬ˱ȹͨһ£ʱȾȻҲٴ֮ˣҪ˵³֮УջӦþˣֵʱ˲壬ֽħһȫɣΪã㣬Ҳ㹻һӵˣֻǲ֪Ҫòܹѹ
ˣжʦ֣ҽȳʱһźɫĴ֮УŰĺҵʱûн⿪Ҳ֪źԶʦûʲô˺뵽бһ㽫ʶǬ˱֮Уһ¶ʦֵϢܿ쵽ˣʦֻţֻЩܲȶЩƺͼ꣬ǿ϶ˣһֱǺ֮УȻô
ȵеʱҵ취ʦִź֮иų
һ·֮Щ£ʱ䲻֪ߡ
ڼ䣬·ֻ˺üΣҶûȥӣ˫ַˣ޷жص˹ҽӲӣҲܾˡ
˵ʵں½ӵ绰֪ӣԽϡ
ҵκõĻҾһбҪȥһ˽ڣһˣ³ֶʮأεļ֮⣬ֻڵĽ֪ȥѰ³ֶʱǲֵµ˳ʲôӣй¶˳ȥ
ҪȻΪʲôǻû³ֶ棬㱻ڰиˣʣµȫǿӣͲһЩ˾ȫûˡ
ҪֻɫĻü֣޷
ţͻȻ˸٣ֱӿϲɽΪѦСߵļҾϲɽĺҶ֮С
ۿžҪ쵽Ҷȵʱ򣬳Ӿͣˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôųŴ򿪣˼Ϥס
бص鳤ս壬ͳ̷ǡ
֪ģһսҵǰұͻȻЩᣬսһģȦҲˣ첽ߵߣһȿ޻ѿЦݣҵļ˵СţǿˣЩҶ˵ˣôţȣħа̾뢶ǸˣģѾǰϵѦҩ̵ˣʹǹȥǿ϶û¶ġ
Ǳ̷߳ƺҵ˵ͷǴкߵѦСߺͻǱ߲鿴һۣܿ죬̷ƾ˹սҡҡͷ˵ϴ⡣
߰ɣǽ͵Ҷȡս֪Ƭɲҵ飬кصһ֣½ǼԱȫ̧˳ӣ첽źҶȲԶǸСȥ


983 ڽ˿
˶ݵĽ֮սֱ̧ڵϵңļ̧ѦСߺͻǣֱźҶȸǸСӿ첽С
һ·֮ϣԵЩأսĽŲܿ죬᫵ɽֻ֮˵ͷ·
룬ŪֵزսҲЩɣѹ϶𣬴ӵһʶսҲкüĽˣȥɽǵʱ򣬻һƴཻһֱõֵ֮һֻҪʲôԽ⣬ҵһ뵽ľ񿴵ҵģ϶ܡ
սҲǵһȥѦҩ̣·;ǱȽϤģһ̧⼸Աɽ·СʱŵѦСǸڡ
˴ڵʱ򣬷ѦҵѾڴڵȺʱˣǰʱѦҩֻ̣ǼҵжѦСߵĸѦɣүүѦã༸λ岮̫죬һΣҼѦСǼҵŮ죬һʮأǿȥʮʵŮˣۿģȻ֮ǰ޹һս̧ǹ첽ֱѦСߵϿ
һ߿ޣһѦСߵ˵СߣҵĶѰ
ˣҲ֪ǰʮʣҷ̴ŮѦСߵĸס
ҿܲζҷһ˿ѦСŪֵزȫΪҵԵʡ
ұúĲѦС߸һȥģֻһҽߣļ˾ͿˣΪҪҹȷѪ
ѦСߵĸ׿һѦСߵĸѦɱҲ˹·ҵʱ򣬿ŵģͣҵļЩĳ˵СšҲˡ
ѦүӲûң˵ϸ㣬ܵĲУҲ֪ΪΣҵıһᣬͲĹŵѦԲ𡭡ҽС߸约ġ
Ѧҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ֲ㣬ֵ֮ӦûģѦʲôʱʲô飬ҵĽԶ䣡
үӵ仰ᱼˣѹԼԼ޳ȴߺ
˵仰֮ѦүߵѦСߵߣӵļʾÿһһѽѦСߵȻһ
ֻһ˲䣬ҿѦһ΢΢ҡһ£ƺЩվȣɫ˲԰ֽһѦҵˣԸˣС߸Ͽ͵ү
һ£ѦҵǱߺܿˣѦС߸̧ˣѦû뿪ǽߵ˻еߣҲ̽һָɺҲɫѾɫˡ
ѦԸ˵Ƕɽȥɡ
һ˵ұ˼Ǽ˵ƶأԶԶѦ֮⣬ҲûаսҽκõģɽѦλүӵڣֻǳ֣ѦСߺͻвлĿܣҺɵҲͦӣǻû⣬Ҫָĸ֮ǰһ޶Ҳֻλɳ֡
սҪ̧ȥɽȴѦˣɽǸ֮ڣҲʲô˶ܹȥģսȻЩᣬҲֻܽҽѦҵˣ̧ȥ˺ɽ
Ҫ̧ߵʱͻȻһ飬Ǭ˱Ķʦ֣źɫĴ֮УǱ㽫ʦָ˳иս壬취ʦִŪ
ҽʦִǬ˱ųʱսֻһۣ㾪ڽ˿
Щ֣ӣܲܽʦָȳ
ս˵ԼҲҴƱֻܾԣڽ˿һʮķޱȣ޷򿪣ֻһЩ֮ͨĸ취
ӦһٴαѦҵ̧𣬳źɽȥ
Ѿ賿ʱ֣Ǻܿ쵽˺ɽѦҵ˴ǽǸ֮УԶԶľͿǸСԺСԺﻹ΢⣬ȻλҲǵõϢѾȺʱ
СԺ֮λ˼˶˳
ٴμλ˼ҵʱǻǸƮƮɵģ׵ͷͺӣԴһɫӣǴɾ߳һ㡣
λ̫үǼ˵ĺأС⺢Ҳֻһ֮ڵˣɶѧղ޷ҽΣֻλ̫үˡ˵ţѦһ¾͹˵ϡ


984 鵤ҩ
λүӶһۣ鶼ʮأѦһ۹ڵϵѦɣɣԼҵĺӣܲȣȽ̧˵
Ѧæк˽Ǽ̧˺ԺǼ䷿
һУкŨҩζɢ˳طҲǵһҵٵʱ򣬱κõġ
Ǽ˶ֱ䲢ķ֮˵ȫӡ
˿̳ǼԱ֮󣬻ѦСߵĸ׺үүʣµıѦѦѦλ˼ҡ
ѦɫصɨǼһۣ֮󣬱ԵѦ˵ܣҲˣСߺǸͷС˵أһߣҪС⺢ӻ飬һ̣ƵܹۻǲɢͲˣһһȸҽΰɡ
СźҲ˵ĲᣬСŵľ˽һ룬ӦǸΪ߳˶ƴǱϵģ˫۵ĹͷҲˡǶ˱Ԫ֮Ĺȣ٣Ҫ²⼸һ﾿ʲôô˳ӡ
Ѧүҡͷüͷ
ʼգҶһҲ˵εĲС
ﻹʮ𾪵ģλүˣһ£ֻǴɨһۣ֪ǵĲ֢֮ڣܹƳɵǸǺεȵͨ
ʱѦүͻȻߵҵߣҵļ˵Сš⺢ӣöҶͷӣˣ֪ˣ
˼ƺ֪飬˵Ц̫Խ㣬Խܣ£һѦЩɬ˵үӣԲסˡûչ˺С߸磬ģҲá
ˡСӣʲôʱôˣʱ͸óԵͷֵܹһ߶ǶûʲôԺҪСһЩϾֻһ˵´ξûˣ͵Ѧĳ˵
ûнӻֻĬȻĵ˵ͷ
ɣСߺǹͷ˵ıȽһЩֵܶҪЭܾȻǶ˵˯һæĲˣٸˣΣѦֵ
һеƾλүӰţҵȵʲôʱУҾһ£Сߺͻܻܲʵ
ҷģûʲôģֻҪܳʱĻָѦ
ʱͻȻһ飬ҴӶϻµ³ʱֻǧһǧ֥һЩʣºö࣬ǸöˣܹٵĻָҲ֪ãһҾڡ
ұ㽫ǧ֥λү˵һ£λ˼֮󶼷ǳ𾪣Ѧ˻棿
Ӧһ˵ҵǬ˱
˵ţҴ߶˷ѦүӴǬ˱ｫǴǧ֥˳
ⶫһλүӱһϸ꣬˺һ֮λүӵ϶¶Ц⡣
ѦЩ˷ܵ˵ԭСߺǺеƻЩ鷳ǧ֥֮һжӭжˣ鵤ҩ亱
ȷǺöǧ֥ڣǱ°빦ѦҲ޲ڵ
λ˼ҽǧ֥ݸһԵѦãҶΰҩȻһһΧѦСߺͻæ˿
λ˼Ҹ˵ʱұ㱻תƵһ䣬µϢԵʣߣҽʱҪȫעݲаһԣҲóȻš
ǰ˸ڵһС䣬ѦһΣһѬ㣬ҺúϢҪ̫࣬ЩߵãԭЩ˼ңܿ˳֮С
ٴʱѾǵڶˣ֮У͸оһ˫۾ڽĶң˫۾ûʲô⡣
һʱ棬תͷһ࿴ȥʱ򣬵Ǹˣһ⣬Ϊҷߵ˾Ȼүү
үӵͷЩģ۾ȫѪ˿֮󣬳ҵһЦ˵Сӣһ˯ͦ㰡
үүôˡ⣬æʵ
ҶҪˣһùү˵⻰ЩԹ
үүδˣָ鷳ˡ˵


985 Ƥ
үүһ̾ε˵СŰүүʵһֱڴ·ȻѾȦӣԶѲˣԺôѣ㻹ҪһߵڵģүһʼͶ˹أ･ͨˣҲûеģ벻ÿ콫Դڿ˵ʲôˣѾߵ̫鲻ˣүүҲﲻʲôڣûйүүģ
΢΢ҡͷ˵үү˭ֵģ·Լѡġ
үү֣һҵԴеֳһ˿Ȱɫûйı֣ҴСүүǰһȻı飬ʲôʱǰģͻȻֳɫҴܴ
ܹĳүҹϹģһݶû˯߾غҵԼãүӶһǺܹĵġ
һڽ¶ˣȴֵ־ء
һݵүӣҵĪٴαʹһ£ϻƶ飬ѾȥˣѩѾϢ·ݱ֮أҵƺ֮ұҪǽѩҵүˡ
Ҹүүһͨһ³³֮һЩ飬мգүҲզ࣬ΪеǣħȻҵС
¶ҪˣҪǿе澵ӣ϶
ˣүүҲ˽⣬ұ֪Ҫöࡣ
үү˵ԥ֮أഫΪʱڵһλ֮µ˿ͣڵʱǸһдã˵һλɮҲ˵һʿ۵һλ
λ͵ǰңͨóѧΪһ壬辶аԣʮŶݼ֮ҲһˣഫλĿߣǳʦΪ죬˵ʱһһĸ֡
λΪͨĻЩʶɣˣиϸ׽һڳ֮ı£ΪıˣܴҲǸ˲
үүһ˵Ҳһȥԭôͷҵһʶʱ򣬻Ǹƭӣԭô˲òࡣ
ҲˣɱǸķӣ⻨ֶһ٣ڹؼʱܹϴó
ҸүүĵͶʱͻȻƿˣѦҵλү˽
үүλүλ˼ʮֿүӸϽ
˹һʱûסæһѦСߺͻе顣
λ˼Цеģͷ˵ѾްҽΣҪգҪǧ֥ҩ֧ţŻΪġ
˹ƻҪ˯죬֮Ȼܹ֮µ߶ҪȫָҪʱ䡣
Ψһλ˼ҾùڻǣѦСߵϥǹǱȫˣϥǹӣ޷޸Ժ󼴱Ǻˣ·ҲЩˣֻܳõЧȥҽΡ
ѦСߵϥǹǱʱһӡ󣬵ʱڴ߶֮еǿʱѦСǰסҵģ㹥֮£ѦС߱ǷϺһϥǹϣһ¿ǹصģǷͷɱˣǸѦС߱˳
ˣλ˼ҲԵͦ˵ģѦСߵǱסˡ
¶ЩڻѦС߻ûа취ȫҽκá
Ѧ˵취϶УЩ̫ʵҪѰһֽƤСޣľѪλĲҩͿĨڻܹϥǹ³ãȶ˰أֻҪǼʱ䲻̫Ҳܳµ
ֻ⻨ƤѾˣĩʱ򣬻˵ֶڹѾˡ
ڴ£λ˼Ȼǲκλ룬ȴļаֻᣬҲҪѦСߵȸκãһǮǱ߻а취
һλ˼Ҿ˵ҵ飬ҵҪˣ澭һǿһҪùʮ½ЩľϣһҪһʱ䣬ָϣλ˼ұҽΣǰһ׼˫֮϶ϵĹͷѾ˯ʱѾҸˡ


986 Ҷ˿
̫ۣҲѦõѬԵʣҽӹǵʱһûУ⻹Ǹողŷֵġ
ҹӦСߵүүԸҵĽӵĹǡ
ҵ˫Ѿ֪һĸо˿ڿϵǰס
λү˵ϱҽ϶ϵĽлЩֽϵˣ˵һֻԵĴҽʲô֪϶ûΣһҽ϶ҲβãѦСߵүүһΣÿλһĿҽҪȻ˾ĳһˡ
λүӾȹˣȴûʲôñǵģѦСҲΪҵԵʣŪ㾳أһղλү˵ѦСߵȿܻм͸ζˡ
ҿǷѦҵ̫ˣүдݶ鵽Ҳǻˡ
ʱѾʱˣիүүûд뿪Ҫȵҵľ֮Ż뿪
ҳԵķʮȫ֮⣬˶ǳԵʮ嵭С˺ϡ
þûಢôÿʮȫˣﻹЩģҵֲүүιҳԵģܳĸоΪҴ¶ʱүүûιҳԷ
԰˷֮ұ㱻ѦλүҽǼ䷿ӣڼҿѦСߺͻУϵɴѾˣ˷ֱ𱻷һɫĴ֮УӺǱ̶˸ڣֱֻ¶һԴǵƯŸֲҩζʮŨǵŶϲаɫðʮ档
ұ֮ҲλүӷԸүүѵľ⣬һҲŽһҩ֮УԼУŷֲͦģҩ֮⣬кܶ棬ҵȻܻǻ֪ģԵĸоԼһ֮󣬱кܶС߮ҿȫ϶Щ϶ǣΪϤҵϢ֮󣬾ȻʼſҪңֱҧҵƤ㿪ʼȥ
ָоʮֲֿȻǶôۣȴҲҵ񾭽Ҫ뿪ĸо
ҵܶĻҹˡ
үүжҧҡҾֵ
ģЩСϷרŻ˼ģҶ˿棬ܹͨĵط֮ͨǲùʮ㳹׽Ѧүӵ˵
ȥ֮󻹳𣿡Һ
Сһ˵ڣǿ϶ǳˣģСӺϸСճھ֮ϣ˵һֳӣ˵һҩģ̲ģֻкôûлѦҲһ˵
˵һЩܲˣ;ͷƤ飬Ҳ֪λүӴѧЩŹֵҽ̾Ϊֹ
ܹоЩӣӦøСûߴ֣ͨҵëģЩͷ΢ģ겻ȥ¿ҧˬһ޷ᡣ
һֱǸ˺üСʱҲűүүӸ˳һŴϣλ˼ұߵҵǰһǰһ󣬲ɷ˵ĴǵַȽ⣬žž죬ʱҲ᲻ϵı任ָʹϵѨλֶΣģÿĴߴһϵѨλҶһֻȻʵĸоλүӵҲȫ˺ȻⲢһɵĻơ
ĴһСʱҲűһŴϣҾ֪϶ҪҶ񼼹ʮˡ
֪ܹùʮֶεģΨѦҩ̵ˣһǽ֪ѦС˵Ǽҵ˲٣ʮһֻһˣرֵ˲ϰžүүģֻүүѦǬżգڴڵ岮ֵģѦˣȻѦСһʮļ̳ߡ
ܹ߰ٶʮѨλʮǵѨٸ˫ѨʮѨһ˸ҪѨʮѨǲǻʮѨλѨ׳Ѩ
ʮ룬Ҫ߰ٶʮѨλ֮룬ݲаһп˵ɥ֮ʱȫעҪע֮ϡ
壬һ붼нһһأ롣
ԣڸʱһ˵ȶţֻҺλүڳŪΪš


987 һ˫н
θҽ϶ϵľһҪ࣬λ˼ʮء
֮ʱֱһ˯˹ȥҾʹӰ롣
ҲãҲܺúõ˯һõλүʱʹʵ۵ûжۣǿˣʱһʮ׳󲿷ֶҪ̽һޱļӸС
һ֮󣬷ԼѾһڴ֮УǸϴһкܶҶ˿߮ͣͨϵëꡣ
ᵽǾϻɶвûɶûǮ
һĲ˵ܿǿ϶ģһ뵽кܶһС治ϳȥǸоͷƤ顣
֮ûãѦλүӾЦ˹ϸһۣѦǬүӱľѾȫˣʣµľҪʣҾָܻȫʢʱڡ
˵лϲѣæλүӱʾ˸л
ͻȻһ飬үүûиλүһүүȥˡ
Ѧүӱүүһˣ˵н컹רųģЩţ쵼Ĳ뿪̫á
һ˵үүˣﻹЩССʧУÿμ涼æĺܣү˶ûʱһúóԶٷ
ҲѾϰˣүүһæĲɿӣҪΪҲһүӸ
ݵ֮ұһѦСߺͻǵԤҪһЩλ˵Ӧܹɻܹ򵥵µ߶
֮ǰ֮󣬻ܴһܳʮأӳȫƾһǿ־֧ţڰȫˣ־Ϳ
һͷҲΪˡ
֮󣬱򵥵ĳһûģʮȫ
ϵʱٴδǲҩͳӵĸﱻ˳λ˼Ĵһͨһ¾˯ʱڴˡ
ϣҾ;ȫȣһůӵ֮ڶȻٵ澭ѭ˫˫űЩ֪
һֱڶ糿Ѿܹ򵥵жˣڷŶ֮£Ųûʲôġ
Ҳÿֳǿ޸һҲָĿһЩ
ܹ߶ʱλү˵˶飬Ȳ˴Ǹط˹ȥ
δţ㱻λ˼Ҷſڡ
λ˵ıЩأ޶˵ľЩţҸλүӴһкѦ˵ͷ㽫ҲŻص˴ߣһֺĿ˵СţмҪ˵һ¡
λү֣ɫٴνСʵλүӣɶ¶˵ء
λ˶һۣѦǶ˸Сʱ򣬷㵤֮ǿһŨɷɣһǻĲľ֮һֱӡĵ֮УڵΪ޷ƿڵ˵ֻкûкôϣǶֱӽӵ֮һ룬黹бҪһģھҪδ㣿
Ū˰죬ԭλ˼ҾȻΪһ
¶һһЩΪѣһʱ䲻֪˵ˡ
ʱѦ֮ǰǾ˵ˣʱ˶ȰҶһˣǶ˽ڵСһֱûһϾһ꣬Ѿ㵤֮иٹˣҪҲһ׵飬»ӰУ߻ħļʺܴ󡭡
һ£ѦүӽֵڸСӽͨʱ򣬷һ﷢˽꣬ûв´ĻѾүȫ˰ɣ
Ҳÿɷĵ˵ͷ
Ѧֵڷӡ㵤֮е㲻ҲУǱҪһǱûдﵽܹٿ֮ǰٶǣξѣкܴһԭΪķ֮ɵģ˵һ˫нȿԾ㣬ͬҲԺ㣬ȵһ죬ܹȫˣתԼΪǾΪͻͽ֮ʱ


988 ˽
˼Ƭ̣ѡ˺ߣҲǽȵԼȫʱ
ǿ˵һҪΪǵĴڣѾ˺üˣȻ֪λ˼ҶһƬ⣬һǲ㽫
λ˼ҶʮҵرңΪ޷ջ֮ǰǧ򲻿ðս⿪ӡһΣпܱ߻ħ
ҴӦλָһ飬ϵˣٴһڵһ£뿪ˣĺܣƽʱʮ֮һΪԺÿ춼ָһ£֮󣬲ָܻʢʱڣڿˣһؼãЩһֱڽϴڼŵʱҲð˺Ѳǡ
λ˵ĺܣǵĸм֮飬Ѿ޷Ա
⣬ǻһϢѦСߺͻѾѹˣֻǻǴ֮Уʱȥǣʱ䲻̫
һֵø˵飬ɷ˵ұǱλˣһ·ײײĳѦСڵǸŲ˹ȥ
ҵһѦСߺͻڸȴ˳һԵĴ֮ϡ
ҽȥ֮󣬱㺰һ˺һǲ½½۾߿
⼸һﶼһƣ̬˯ģǵǼ˶˴˿Է֮󣬲ⶼ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
ӷ𡭡Ƕšû뵽ۻܿǼгһЦ˵
ѾܻţǸһһţҪȻ͹ˡڸ¶һԴѦСƳ˻һۣЩԵõ˵
ɡǸӲô򶼲˵ľ͸Ƿġзһۣ˵
ˡˡһҪģҪϸҽǼǼǲҲǴɳιˡллҡڴϵҲ˸֡
⼸ˣƶ죬оãһǶţûʲôоҸˡ
Ǽִһһʼǻ༥һò֣¶
ֻǴһʱһʱǼȫԱûһܹվŵˣǴ˿̵ңҲòҸǳƤ
ѦСߺͻеʱȺ󱻸ſµģʱǴսΪҵĹؼ㣬Ǿʲô֪ˡ
ѦСߺͻжܺ棬淢ʲô
ҺһһĽ淢ȫ˵һ顣
ʱǽŵյľ棬ԾЩ£ѪȵһĻĻÿһÿһ붼
ֱǽҺֽħʱѦСߺͻжĲУ޲ôӸĳˣˬ죬ֻǿϧǵʱˣûۼ֤ħһĵǸ档
˵ĸǸһ춯صĴ£³³ֶ棬ǵħˡ
ôǾطûһ˷ܵĲС
ֻڵģ۾Ҳ֪Щɶ
Ǽһ֮󣬱λүӵĶܸ̫ãӰˣֻһСʱĹ⾰뿪
û뵽ǣɾȻҲܹµ·ˣҲ÷ԼԻĴߡ
û¶һ˳˵ӶҪҵԣطŴףرŴࡣ
һܹģҵѦСߵүүŴףȻȴҪ˵ԼŴȣĲθڡ
ֵֹģѰ·Ҳֻȥˣ˴ȥ˳ԼһٳԵġ
ļǼϵƶָͦģ״̬һһãÿ춼ȥѦСߺͻ죬Ǵ󲿷ʱ䶼ҩ棬˵״̬Ҫάһҵʱ䡣
Һɵ˺ܶ࣬ڸÿ춼Ҫȸָʮȫϵʱ򣬻ҪλүĴһͨ
ɵ֪ǰλүӱǽϵĴһٶѦѦλҽ֮ȻǾȵĲУǶλ˼ҵҽͶأͷݣл֮
λ˼ֵʮ̹ȻֻǶҪἰҲһһӦ
һ֮ҺɶѾܹˣʱؽҺһ£뿪˴ؼҹˡ


989 ݴ
֮ǸѦѦλүӴкڸĻкѦС֪һ˵ݺݽצָ֮һЩȥҼҹֵܼ꣬һȶپƣһ
ݣɣҲܶҺûģǳߡ
ȻˣҲ֪ҼöûлؼˣԲûǿǣֻһԹСЩܲˡ
ѦСүүĴ֮£һͳ֮ⷨ⣬ҺȥһѦҩ̣ݱѦСߵĸѦɣԼѦСߵס
ѦСߵĸ׶ǵ̬ȺܺãֻѦСߵĸ׶ЩɫǶô飬Ҳ⣬δѦС߳ȥ˼ҶӸ˭Ҳƽ˵һ֣ǿ϶ǲܵġ
ߣôһӣ϶۵ҪΪ飬һĲмһϥǹˣѦҵλүҽͨ죬Ҳ޷ָҽˣ·ҲῴȥЩ½ţ˼ܽܵˡ
ΣҲ֪ˣҾӦѦСߣȥ˻ˮ˵ʲôˡ
ݶҼˣǰҶѦжǷѦҵġ
Ժлᣬ϶౨
Ѧһֱ͵˴ڣƺҵɫãһֱȰҲҪϣο˵С߲ûʲô󰭣ܻЩ½ţǲϸԺûʲôš
Խ˵ԽѹĲУڴڵʱֱӸѦүӹˣٴıҵǸ⡣
Ѧæһѽֵ⺢ӡʹáϽϷ˵ˣֲ㣬СզһأǼס˾ͺãڽߣвĿģԵС⺢Ҳȫǻ
ԶԣһأȻɾ뿪ӡ
Ȼܸһ·ˣ廹໥һ·۵
һ·ͣͣЪ˺üΣһ·֮ϣһ仰û˵Ҳ֪Щʲô
ߵһĴ˵СɽЪŵʱһƨһʯͷϣͻȻתͷҺٺһЦ
Цͻͦ˵ģЦɶ񾭲Ƶġ
СšҸ׼һݴҪҪЩص˵
⻰ʵһ㶣ʵʲô񣿡
㿴֪ˡ˵ţͻȻϵͭ˳һָһָ棬һ͵Ľ˵֮ϣƬ֮󣬵ͻȻһסֽŵˣϸһʱһʶǰ³зֶüģʹһְＥ֮Ͷ˰Ǻݣиϱڵλ
ҿű廨ĺˣ֪ɺ«ʲôҩôСӸ׽˻
һɻĿ͵ʱСӱסǼëʬˣڵϲܶҽѦСߺͻսȥʱ򣬱㽫һ˹Ժô
ʲôãֱɱ˱ǡ˵ţұǬ˱ͭǮҪ߹ȥСӵθԣͷܹҵĸĸҪǼүڣ˵¶͸ɳˣ³֮УСҲв룬һһΪ߲˵һһͷ۵Ľɫˣǲġ
ߵ˵ǰһסҵĸ첲˵СӾǸӣϷ˵ãǿ϶ôɱ̫һЩ
һȦǲ֪ɶ˼ͻȻһ飬ɸոʱ򣬱ҪŴ࣬Ҫ˿Ҳ׹ɲҪʲôŴ࣬ҪŴ׸˰γϵʬ뵽ұ֤
ɲûз˵ʱŴΪ˾ˣʵҸոѾˣѦλүӼŴײͨǶǾҩҺƵģܹγʬԵʱŻǰ
ǡʲôƵ
͸ﰡɺٺЦ
յˣ˱ǡƵ
𰡣Сһٰ˲ľѧһľֹеʱ򣬼Ǵ򲻹ҲǷǳģѵͲѧһֶΣüɫ˵
ȥԭô¶ǸϺ꣬¶ƵС


990 ٰ˲
һ˵ҵ־ϲûɾȻƵһ֮ϡ
˵źݺüεĽ֣ÿһζұͷۣǵһθʱȫһѹҺͻһ𣬲Žߡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʱ˿̵ң϶Ҫ֮ϣҪҼ֮󣬻ָȫʢʱڣһ㣬Сʼտڲ֮أعֱܵҲŴɵĿеٰ֪˲һȥ͸оӡ
ǳսҵȫ϶ħϣҿƵǼʮߺëʬݣͱҸˣôЩëʬſµģαս֮ͭУѾһӡûˡ
ò˵ǸҴһ֮ϲ
һ۵ŵĺݣһ£ϸ磬Ȼĺ飬Ϊɶ㲻ѧٰ˲ı£ҪѧأݴҲ̫һЩ
ɺٺһЦϷǸķӣЩ棬ңΪԵʣϷһ֮ͭҲһ˲õķԻã͵Ϸһݶˣűǣ̫ǫá
³֮УѾôæһҵ˽ѩϢѾܸмˣû˵ҪȻһڰɡ˵ţƾҪɡ
æһѣЦҹϷ򲻸ˣīˣϽСӣϷǻ˲ٹܴܲ׳ٰ˲ķϷɲұ֤
ӦһͭǮһ𣬳ڵϵĺȥ
˿̵ĺݱ廨Ȼǻ˹ȥҾЩˣһۣʵɶСһҲûͭ氡С˭סģ
СǲɵͭﻹһǧŮأͱϷˣЩ¶õϷ֣û˵
Σ˵ϣס˺˵У˺һǺתѣһ̧ͷͿңʱһļⶼ
ͭǮһһԵʯͷϣһڵģһûκα飬еͭǮƤЦⲻЦĿŴˡ
Ҷһ֮ǺͻȻ˵㡭ǾҪʲô
£ҺٺЦ
ҪɱɱαңʮһúǺӲ
ʮҲɲʲôúɱ㣬϶ĻһĻɢɱˣۻһСأǿǶСǴ󲹰
˵˵֮һĨĻֻ֣̿㿴ңȴ˵ȻŻˣ˱ɱˣٱĹɣǻϾҵ³ˣҲֻתĻᡣ
ľôҼ˵ֵ
ɱħѵܻ𣿡˷ʵ
ǿ˵Ҳʲô˶ɱԸһɱɣ˵һһأյ
۾һƬ̣桭Ļ᲻ɱң
˵һԸһɱɣȻҲŻ㲻ҵ˵
ٴγƬ̣ǺͻȻһǮ򣬾ͲڴɳѸһɽҪɱңҿ԰Ǯȫ㡣
ҡҡͷ˵ҲȱǮ㻹ûɣ
Ƭ֮󣬽ֵذף޼᲻ݣ࣬ھͿԸ㡭
ٴҡͷ˵ⶫɱ֮һû
˶ʱһɫûɶ˵ˡ
ʱһֱĬͻȻ˵СţСզôīأ˵͵ˣ
˵ţ˺ݣСӲһٰ˲йԽھڸϷҵ㲻
һ˵Ǻݵɫ䣬֮󣬲ŵСٰ˲ķҴӦʦܴˡ
Ǿ˵ûκüֵඣðɣҾͳȫ㣡˵ţһץסӣƾҪĨȥ
ݶʱͻֽţĸֲϧأȵȡ˵÷Ѫı֤ɱҡ
СڴӦҺɶһЦҵͷ˵ãû⣬ھͷѪģ
˵գҧָüĴһĨ㷢һʮֶ񶾵Ѫġ


991 гŵ
ڷѪ¶߶İҲΪõһУܹȡ˫Ρ
ҷѪ֮󣬺Եþͷࡣ
Ҳûô򵥣ҷѪ֮СӱҲҪһ֤ڸҵٰ˲ǵŪһЩٵĺŪңŪ潫Ҹ߻ħˣ˭˵ȥأ
ݱ֮£ֻҪӦҵҪҲһҲѪģǱ֤ڸҵٰ˲ʵǺŪңӾ֮ġ
˫ԷѪģǺݱҿҶ˵һĿھٰ˲зţҾ۾һֲȫԺ֮УȻûлָԴ֮ʮǿģѧǻҪͣҲܿƴѧɶġ
ٰ˲ķ֮󣬺ݱˣѾٰ˲зȫˣǲǸгŵˣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǵȻ
˵գһں˼£ѨкηеͭǮ㳯λͱ˹ȥһҽУҽͭǮʱѪӿ˳Ұһй©
ʱĺѾɵˣɫĺ飬Ѫˣ㾹ȻҪɱҡ޼
ҴһͭǮɫǴӦɱ㣬ö˶˵ľˣѾĵˣһΪԺҲǲˣʡԺٺˡ
ݶʱйƤ̱˵ϣһߺ޵Ŀң˵ɱҡӴԺҾͳһˡ
ɱô˵ΪãͨҲûɶõģʵ㣬Ѿܿˣһһְ취ǽתص飬ʲôֶΣӦ֪ҷߣǲӦøмҲǣ
˵ţѾǺ˽⿪סӣ˿̵Ѿȫ̱ڵأҲǳ׵ûƢ
ҷѪ˵ɱû˵ñɱתص飬ڵ³ңõ״ǹѺһӵĴּһصԱǹӶҲ˵׼Ҫǿڸٰ˲ⱾµķݶϣƾµЩ飬һְ취ŪһԶ֡
ݵӽ⿪֮Һɱﳤȥ
ԴԺ󣬴˱޷ˣѦλүӰָȻǲܵ飬ӴԺ°뱲ӣһڽ֮ͷ¶ˡ
õĹޡ
Һ뿪˺Ҷ֮󣬱ȥҼˣҼҹ꣬ʱֵܼپ۾ۣѣԾƵ裬Ҳ˼һ¡
ϣɸ˴·֮ȴûҪһؼҵĴ㣬˵ҲҪԥϼҿˣ˴Ҳûлȥ
Ҳмҵģ콭϶ҪһҲûǿ
Ǭ˱óʮǮ·á
ȻɲҪֻǧǮ㹻ؼҵ·ѱá
֪ҵĹأҲûǿǣ˴һֱϳǣҽ͵˻վȻһڳ̸˼Ǯ˾ԥ
֮ǰ˵·ݵʱңʱ򣬽ѩƾҿ϶ҲģһУʲô黹ıһ¡
ԴˣҲûпӦǹĽˣ̫Ե֣һ벻ɵı㣬֮ô˭֪ѩʲôطָС
ɣЩᣬͻȻ;ԼЩĸо
Ҵһص˰СǴһкȥ³ֶ棬ҵʱ䲢̫迴ܻؼңʮָ˵ģ˵ȻȥæٻؼҸԡ
ؼҵ·ϣұȻصĴſڣſڵλãү겻ź̹ӣ̫ʦյġ
˵ΪʲôЩ¼ˣһ³֮ʧԵʣҲڼүǰἰֻǸϴһкҴҵĻؼȥˡ
صûãƨɸհɳϣžͱˣΪǰˣһȻս壬ﻹһӡ
ʱںҶ˵ʱ򣬿ǽʦֽ


992 
Сţ˵ˣôҲҴкҸһţսǸһ˽
ҲҿǴӷڲ輸ϣһƨɾɳϡ
սɫӦк顣
ߣʵôʦֵҽûУ
㽻ҵ飬ҿ϶׵İ˵ţսʹӣһͷͿ˶ʦ棬ӵһ࣬źɫڽ˿
ƺǸоҵĴڣʦͻȻ۾Ŀһۣ˳ϲ䣬һʮίģ
ʦִǰħ÷˺ۣƤë˲٣˿ϵȻ࣬Ҳʮۡ
ҽʦֱ˻һСŰҽɳϣսл⡣
սȴһ֣˵лɶǶֵܣҲӦģصô飬Ӧúúøлǣ˵ģôţȣħа̾뢶ˣһʼҶţ²Ļڿе֪ħȷʵǱһˣҲ̫ţˣСôģ
¶ҲҾӹս򵥵˵һµʱܹ֮ɱħ󲿷ֹͶɵģҪϸǶͭӣʮҼҲɱħ
һ³֮УգǼ˾Ͳһȫû̫һЩ
ΪֹҲ֪ʲôط©飬ҿ϶Ҫȥҽȷһ¡
սҲ겻ѣԺ鷳϶ٲˣħɱˣ¶һصưոݵģҪ鷳ģԺŵʱ򣬿Ҫ˱º֡
Ҳ鷳϶Ǳز٣Ƕ㲻ģӱСľˡ
սסʦֵڽ˿飬ڽ˿һ˲õķڽ֮ͷĴҲ֪ħǴʲôط޹ģⶫϻǸϣܹΪߵУҲʹսΪ˽ʦָųЩүү̣ĴҴϵصĸ߲㣬ս廹ȥ˾һˣصֵܾһλ˸⿪ġ
ֵһ˵ǣصֵܾЩоȻ˶ʦޣҲ˿ڽ˿ս彫ó׸ңս϶ǲɣΪֲģǵֵܾЩкܲˣҪļƣڹؼʱ̣ս彫үү˳˵ֳӵģЩдЩͷ
ҾˣҼүӵôô󣬾صֵЩжӡ
սЩԺ˵үүӺֹǴǿصϵһԪϼĸҲӣҼүӵƢֵܾЩҲ֪ǼˣҲһײϵ˭ӣǿɲҼүӡ
û뵽үүôҵԸǺ
һս;϶ܵӰ죬ҲͦԲסġ
ս㽫ʹڽ˿ķңҲǴֵܾǸֿеġ
ʵҶڽ˿û̫ȤֻҪܹʦָųͺã˵Ҫڽ˿͸սȴҪ
֮սҴ뿪ˣҲܹ˳ĺܣڴˡ
ҽս֮󣬱㱧ŶʦֻصԼķ䣬ʼУָԼ塣
һʱ䣬ҪǶڼָ塣
ʵԵʣټѦλүӵƣǻָͦģһһ
Լһ֮ұָһĹѾȫûκ⡣
һѦСǴһ绰һǵҲѦλүӵķ֮гˣ˶Ѧҩµ߶ЩѣϾʱ˵̫ˣ˴Ǵү˻ƲûҺõ졣
ͲסįĻͱĿ쳤ëˣҪȾƣǲƵģȰһȹʱ򣬵ҼҺһ٣Ըҹʱû˹ˡ
ֹЩʱգӣ־ǿǶѾżˣСҲصϳǡ
Сͨ绰ʱС˵ѾѧҵˣϳһݹԺЩֵֿԾһˡ
ʱͻȻ֣ҸӺС֮ѾԽԽԶˣʱöϵǣǾҲҲңΪʱңѾˡ


993 һ
ٽڵʱҵѾָĲˣΪҲָ߰˷֣ϳǵŹʱеϲա
żܹЩССűڵ죬ͲĻܱһ
ڼ˵ʱ䣬һֱûţо콣˺ϴ辭֮⣬һ飬оݸҵٰ˲ķһоŷٰ˲һ˲õֶΣаŶݼףҲа֮ͨԪصĿתΣٰ˲˼һ˲תư˲֮ľ룬ٶ죬һʱ䣬ٰ˲Ѿڰ˲ˡɹ˿أҵĶΪҲ࣬΢ҸһЩһʹγһѹԵĴ
ΪҿûĳߣȻһ̹ȥûʱ
ǶԷڞųƿرǿ˲Ϣܹ֮ӦԷĴڣӶܹǧһ֮ʶܹȥ
ͱϴڴɳһսҸʱкüٰ˲ֶκԤ׵ĳҵߣȻ͵ϮңʱҪСڣҺпܾͻС
ҶڞųջǱȽǿģҪǵһֱܹԴԴϵɰ˷ԶڞųĸӦʮҪƾһɱңҲô׵顣
ٰ˲ԼĦ˺ü飬ȷϺݸҵݶ֮󣬲ſʼСӴҪң֮ⷨжЩֽŵĻпܵ߻ħ
ΪʲôҲҪѪĵԭ
ڣСӳϲңûаװ׵Ĺ
ֶζ˵ͦҪģ˵ҲǺܺõһֶΣΪ߶һ˰˲תưǡ
ն಻ѹǸԣѧһԺͶһ·
йһЩչҲ΢ЩЧһʼҴ߶ʱܹ˲Ų߶֮ʱĸо;ǰͻȻһڣһ磬תۼҾͳһطĺܡ
ֻΪûлָȫʢʱڣȫˣټĻչӦûٰ࣬˲ֶνҸľϲ
ҸоǺԼûȫŸԺʲôãֻоˡ
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ͵˴ʮģ־ǿСӾҵҼ׼ȴҹⳡƣѾǶϹˣ״򲻶ȥ꣬ڶϻµУȱһ꣬ûеóԸ϶Ҫϡ
ԺʲôģС󣬴ſɿһ𳤴ֵԶġ
кܶ飬ǶɼԺܻɼҵԶԼļͥǻҪֿģܹһһꡣ
˰ʱ򣬻кѦСҲҵļſڣǴ򳵹ģ˵嶼ûлָã·ʱΡΡҪգпźһЩѦСߵͱȽˣԵܹ˵·ܲȻһȳһյģȫˣ϶ҲҪ²ġ
ѦСˣ;ĲС
־ǿСѧûôкѦСߣҲûôѵѾѣҲ̫Ľܣ˾ʹһƬֵĲС
ϣǿҲҴ˵绰أþöûˣҪҪ۾ۡ
ǰʱ䣬ҸǿϵһΣĲѾ¥ǼҵǸСԺһֱţÿԹһȾơ
ãҼĵطҲôһ֣ǳھӲðһϼƣֱӴȥ˸ǿļ
ǿʱСѾ˾ƲˣһŴԲܹǰ˸ˣȻٲˣûģһȺֱӿȣŴҹıһãò֡
ԷʱС񻹸һ飬Ǹͬѧչ˵СҲϳǣҵ֮ͻϼңǰʱչ绰ر˼ǣչСһѧȻүүȦ̵⣬ɵĻͦãСͦƵģ˵Сӵǿ㲻ΪɶҪ⡣
չСͬѧҪСҲ˻ôһˣСһģİװ׾ʮӣСӱͦƣȴһͷͻơƿ͸ҳЩƦåԴкҲǸˡ
ҶСӵӡ󲻴ҲͦƵģúõһѧΪɶҪ⻨Ȧ̵أ


994 Ҫһ
Ҷ԰չ޲ڣ˵ʱйһȾƣҲ˴ʶʶ
һԵĻ˵ͦ˼˵пգȥչСӡ
ֻû뵽ôһ˵ȥһ˰չͬѰһ棬ǻ˺ѣȻһжǺ󻰡
ڰչҲûжģϾݱȽ⣬˵ȥҰչҲֻһ˵ǰˣҵһصں޲˵еѶԽԶԽãߵ̫˵ͶһգȦӣûԱĻٽӴǾٽӴһЩ
˵³صһصͼҼˣҰв֮ҺүүһصһݺݵĴֱӽ³һصȫˡ
ɱһˣɱš
ľģԺһصӦò˶Ѻҵļ˶ˣ˽أҪ֮Ӧĺ
ôҪһصһ㶯ҿԣҪҵѺͼˣҾ͸ĵף¶ûκλء
ȻѾɹ֤һ㣬ǲˣһûзŹѪծѪˡ
ˣҲܹģ˵һص֮бе֮ģҵѿҲǵע
پһֱȵ˺һﶼ˾⡣
գҸЩһ𴩿ɿһ𳤴һ飬ҲǿڣԺҿܲϳǾţԺҼĻһЩʲôҪ飬ʱԸҴ绰ûʲôҿ϶ܻ
˵ĺܺ˼ԣԺϵңʲôԭҲٵĻ֪һЩС񣬵˹ƣҳģҪȻڷͷĲݹƶ߸ˡ
⻰һ˵˵ɫЩɬСܿͼк˺ȾƣЩպܿ쵴Ȼһա
ȵҹʱС־ǿǶˣӷһƷ֮Ҫȥ¶ë֮ԳΪǰӷһξƷ裬ͷĽĹĿ
ҲСӵëֱѦС߸ҩСӸ˹ȥһ˯糿
Ǽ˯֮ҺͻԼѦС߾ߵԺ˼ƿơƳȡ
Ⱦ¶˵ֻҪ취ƣһ㶼ȫ޽ٵķſ˺ȣǿ϶Ҳǻġ
ҸлѦСЩҪ̸Բûд
˵СԺ֮󣬷ֱ˸طơƿԺš
ʱѾǺҹˣһƬţҹ֮ټϳڰֻǿ֮лƮɢŵĻҩζ
кһھƣתͷңҽʲô㡣
֪ʲô˼³ֶԶԶûнһ˼Ǯˣڻûȥ³ֶ֮ǰͱ˸ˣͲһȫû
п϶ĸڳ⣬ʲôԭڱһ
ǻ˼ϢǴˣȴǹȥģ˭Ҳܲˡ
ҲŲʲôĺֻ̨ҪǸҺǣһ̲ʲôùӳԡ
ҸкѦС˵һҵĴ㣬ǹ֮ȥҽһˣôһ¶һһ֮󣬾͵׼һȥ֮ȥҽѩˣʱɻһѰҡ
ڴ£ҲбҪȥһڣǳǣҲøһ٣ȥ֮ҽѩ飬ʾҲҪУһ˶һݶѦСҲûԥ˵¶Ҳøţ֪ѩʲôӣǶʶ
иû˵ѦСҪȥҾͲͬˣڶӣһȥҲһô̫ƽǵطɽ߻ʵԶһصȽϲĵطѦС߸һȥðˡ
ȽҲصһûؼҼ
ѦСһʼͬ⣬ҺͻһȰ˵֮£òͷЩ̫ˡ
ǼҲЩ⣬ڸǿļ˸ط˯
ڼһֱ˴ȻֱһŻƱǰţһȥģҿ·̫ѦС߼Լһ˾ֱ˽ڡ
֮ǰһΣҲᳵ·糿ڰʱҾ˽ڵǸǰ
һţŶʹˣŵͷһۣһƼ˹һ㡣


995 ֲЦ
⡭㡭ôˡǿͷʮ죬ѿڶ
ôҲ۾һ䡣
ͷ֪Լ˵˻æ͵ǰ϶ӭɡ
˵ţǿͷԺţһơ
ͷ֮ǰǵһʱˣĹࡣ
һһʱͷȫһǿ׳ģǻģǾ֮⡣
һΣ̬ȵתЩ󣬻ЩӦ
룬϶֪³֮иЩ̣³ֶ汻˲˵ȥħɱ
ħǺҲϢԴʮֹ㲩ĵط᲻֪
ߵԶһǿʳ磬ֻʵ֤ݺ͵λǿߣԶǱ;صġ
ңǰþһӲ֤ҵʵǿͷ̬תõ֤
ӣԶǿԼ׬ģñ˸ġ
ʵ󣬱˲Żӡ
ͷԺ֮󣬱Ժкһӹ֣ص˵ȥʹܼң˵ϳǵүˡ
Ǹӿһۣת첽ŴԺȥ
üһ̬ǲһˣϴʱ򣬻ſڵţ֮ͨǲܽȥȴ֪ͨʹܼǰӭҡ
ֱǷ츲صı仯
һҲòһЩ֮ԶΪɱħԵʣпǾöԱ
Ҫ˵ģóסĴ㣬һ̸ˣֵΣЩұǡ
Ȼڶֲʲôǵľٶڽ֮ϵĵλȻҲʮأ˭Ҳ֪ǾжΨһȷǣ֮ڣƣһҿ϶ҪԴ
ߣҲͻָ߰˳ɵĹҲ˶֡
ڵ˿϶ҲǼﶯңҲ˵ҼүӵԵʣǽҸƼˣҲ̵ʲôˡ
һ·ţ˵ڴ˵ڶԺ֮ŵʱ򣬾Ϳӻζһ⳯߿첽һߣһ߱ԶЦкѽүݹ٣ʧԶӭ롭
˵ţǽӻ˿ͷһۣ˵϶үôҲǰкһ˹ͣɺͳ
ǿͷֻǵͷ˵
Ҳ޷Ǿӣҵĸ첲ҳһûʵСԺ˹ȥһһߺ˵ү룬Ǽ˵ˣʮָˣڻҵأ˵ſһҪύһ²ǡ
ҲûиʲôɫҲû˵ʲô룬ӵ̬ȻǺܺõģ׻˵ֲЦˣЦеģ
ȻҲ֪Ҵ˿̵⣬ûἰװֱ֪ҽСԺƿţһݣһܴĻװʮֿһˮľƼҾߣڻһ࣬һ˶һ̫ʦϡ
һ˫۾ͷЩ߰ףһͨĴֲӣϴһ˫ڲЬģȻͨһǷˣһһز©ߣֻһҾֱܷ
˿ŴԼʮ꣬͸Ұ£ӦñڵҼǵ˵ڵƣһʮ˼֡
һӽ˽òŽӿڽܣһ֣˵ƣλСǽ֮ϴ˰ɣǰŲһǸſ
Ҳһ֣ˣˣֵһᣬŽ׹
һ΢΢һЦһֵȲ裬¶ġ
˾ֱŷһȥǵطиĲ輸ڷŸʽߣԱ߷żľʵɳǷֱ
ûãһŮۣһ·¶ȵ֣ǿʼ˹衣
ڵͦܣݲĲʦôƯһ椡
ܿƮɢһŮӽˮÿ˵һ֮Ҳŵ˵ܼңӦ֪Ϊ°ɣ
ϵɫһ࣬˵ͷһŮʦ˵ȥɡ


996 
Ůʦ΢΢ͷ˳ȥҽһˡ
Ƭ̣˵ϵܣǴһȥ³֮Уȫ˵ˣ³ֶһһصĳħ򣬾͵Ͷû뵽ǣ˾֮£ƾ֮Ҳɾط³ֶ棬а̾ħɱˣΪˣҲ˺ܴĴۣȫûˣѾ֮ϴˣ᲻֪
˲ϲĨǣܹżɽ̸ã˵ҵɫٴαȻ˵Ѱ³ֶ䣬ҵڣһһȴǮŪ㾳أǲҪһ˵
ϵܣʲô˼ѵǻǽϢй¶һص˲ɣԭһЦеҲ
ǲйܵҲö֪ȥ³ֶ鷳ֻڵ֪飬ѵͲһ˵𣿡ɳ
ӵһ±ͨ죬ȻǲˣҪ˵Щʲôʱһ֣˽ӣ治ɫ˵ϵܣȫܹ⣬˭Ҳưոݡ³ֶϢȷڸģҲӶ𣬵ǣڵеģ⣬ǽϵǲΪ⣬ڵĽơңһȥ³Ҳǳ˵ģǮˣҲǸһȥģʬ˴ɳѣǾǿӱˣҲẦԼˣ˵ǲ
Ǹҵ˵ҿ
ƶϵĲ豭һڣ˵ϵܣȺȱڵɽҲ裬㳢ζΣ
һ˵¶ҾĲ״ѦСߺͻһǰ£ѪһߣбЩ˵˵ȻľʹһЩҩζתһ룬Գ̸飬ҲǸӡ
ϾڵĵҵģҲ˭˵ܼģ˼ǳʮĽǰֻһé®󱲣ߣй¶ȥҲһΪ˺˭϶ÿ
ҲɫĽǰĲ豭һڡ
ʱô㣬һĺò衣
ֻڲûжƷˡ
ƺϵŭɢһЩƷ˲豭΢΢һЦűԴǼ³֮µ֮˳£ĸڳ⣬Ȼ˵ڽ꣬ûг©Ҳѱһ϶Ҫһģ½˻϶һ飬ֲڵй¶Ϣ֮ǰѾй¶˳ȥ
һ㶣𾪵ôܣѰ³ֶ飬ֵĸ֪Ǽ˿ɶǹĽ飬Ҳȫ³ɳѣ鲻ĸеκһй¶ȥģ
һеģһڲ裬˲豭˵Ҳȷκһй¶ȥģǾȷ̸۴µʱûб˸
ٴһ£֪ʲô˼
΢΢һЦ˵Ҿ͸ѣ֪һطϳǱȽϴһׯֽԷ
Էֵʱһһ𣬵һ飬ʱϳǵʱұԷȵľƣѦСߺͻ㡣
ʱĹ³ֶͽѩʱ򣬸о͵ҵʱ֮󣬷ֻԷһ˵ˮģһԷԱȷϹԱȷʵԷķǸãŷ
ѵ˵ǸԷķ⣿
뵽ͷһˡ˵ԷǸ
ƲûлӦֻǵ˵ϵܣԺ̸ôҪʱҪСһЩǣǽжò
˵Ʊǳͷ𣬺޵ͺ޲ñϳȥСӸͳҵʬȥ
òѹסͷŭϸһڵܹ鵽Էط϶ܲˣȻǸǵй¶˳ȥǸпܱһصϳǵ̽ӣǰѰ³ֶһصǱȥ˲Żǵ


997 ύ
ͬʱһƲѣΪǵʱ۲ҵ³ֶ飬нѩڽ·֮سֵ飬ѩĵرãһ˳ȥȻ˾Ϊĵ顣
˼ҶʱЩѰ˼֣ĸڵһ֣˵л֪飬ĳмĳղŵĳԲѷҪϣĳЩͷϵҪȥͲ߶ˣã
˵ţתҪ뿪ֻǸһתǽͻȻЩұ˵ϵܣˣ˺զأǲҲҪһ
ͷһ۾תͷȥ˽ӣ˵ܼңҪҸʲô
֪ͻȻ͹Ц˵ϵܣ㻹ǾЦҪ㣬ǼлҪ˵żʲôأ
Щƣתһֵ֪ʲôҪģ
΢΢һЦ˵˴³֮Уڸ޵Ϣڿ϶ҲһֲжΣһǵˮ©ƵõģΪ˱ǵĳ⣬ҲύһſһݴҲֲ֮ǰ©֪ϵܿϲأ
ƴɲ⣬ǽӻҪ˿͸Ҳ֪«ʲôҩҳƬ̣ȻѾŪˣڵĸϵһҲףҿͲ˰ɣĳȻм
ȴ˰֣˵~Ҫ˵ôԣ㶼ûпĴʲôһھܾˣʱˣ
㿴һ۱֪ˣ֤ϲġҲһΪصЦ
˵˵ıֲҺǺãĳ͹ˡ
ʹһɫ΢΢ͷ˫£žžž죬Ƭ֮󣬱ֵĺӽһ廨˸Ѻ
һʼҶûпǱѺ˭ΪȻһ̿ʣ˺ۣѪ߰ߣֱѺǰϸſһۣŻȻжʱĪСӲſ͵˵ǸԱ
ûˣԷǸԱ
ҸղżҪߣǴ۷ϳǣ˸ͳȻϣ󣬼ȻѾ¶ǷԱһصϳǵ̽ӣҲר̽ҵϢģѾ뿪ϳǣҼǻȥң϶ҲҲˡ
ٴҹĿ࿴ҵĻʼٸߣһ˸ץ˻
⻹һݴ
㶵ĿһǸĲģķԱȻҲϳһ֮㽫Դȥ
ϵܣݶϲ𣿡һԺٺЦ
һݶ飬һʶȤģתٴһ֣ݴʵ̫ˣĳ֮ɣ۶͵Ӷ𣬲֪Σ
Ǹһо֮еģЦϵܣղĳ˵ˣһ飬ҲǳʶһݶǱ˴˽ѣǮ޹ء
ǾͶлˣٴο
תǸı˵ķԱ˹ȥһֱԴҿҡ
̧ͷҵ
ǷԱһ𣬻ĽԴ̧ЩųĿҡ
˭ϳǵ̽ӵģϳǴ˶ãҳʵ
ҡǰ³зֶʹ£ڡϳǴˡСʵʵĻش
ϳǵʲôٴʵ
ϳصĶ򡭡бǼһһԴ³к³ֶ汻֮Сֱ³ֽ˹ȥ
ȥ³ֶҲ͸¶ඣٴʵ
СĬȻĵ˵ͷֵҡֻһҰɡԺҲˡ
СӵģҸᣬתߵƵǰ˵ҪʵĶˣҲûɶ֪ˣ㴦ñǡ
⻰˵꣬ѺǷԱеһߵ˵СӲ⺦үǮλֵҲǱģҪ˵ҪŪˣȻүˣСʰɡ


998 
Ǵһֻۣ΢˵˵ͷǷԱ㱻ȥ
һص̽ӣ֪ͷһ´ŵÿڣ㱻Ǵһϣһק˳ȥ
ڵ̧֮䣬ɾ˵ΪһصˣɱˣڵҲʲô鷳
ǰڵ̬еֺҵ˼
һߣƿټһţǽϵ⣬Ŀ϶磬ʲôĿģҲῴ
˼ҲᣬҲ͵ǲ֪α鷳ء
һص̽ӱȥ֮ұٴǣ˵»ЩҪŴͲˣٴζл⡣
һӣ˵Ѿ׼˾ƲˣԹߣαżһʱɫѾˣסһһߡ
ҲһȰ˵Ūʮֲþܾ
Ҳȷʵûʲô̫Ҫ飬뵽һӴԺ˵Ҫǣһ¹ϵҲͦõġ
ԺҪõǵʱ˵һЩ
ߣڵԽӴѾǸӡ
֮£ֻӦ
ԴˣƺͽӶʮָˣк˹ȥ׼
ڻһ裬תһװʮֽĲ֮С
Ȼ֮ⷹϾˣ⻹мļΪµŮһԸơ
ƣȻõľƣİ׵ĶУ׾ҿǼʮԭę́Ҳʶʲô˶ơ
ڲȣǾ͸ӾˣҶûмܹеҲֻһƣһһݱѣʲôᱫĶ͵ȵĲˣһӣΪʢ
һӲҲиʮģҼʶһʲôһ
һֻǺѣȷԵһʱ򣬽ӱЩŮԱſʼ˵¶
ʵ֪ǿ϶кУôҲûϵǻһ
ЩԱȥ֮Ʋž˱ӣ˵Ʋƽ羵ʵ˰ӿ̫ƽÿ춼Ԥϵ鷢ϵܹҵ˵Ե֣Ϊ֮Ե֣Ǹһ
ܹʶҲңȸΪ˵գһӣǱһˡ
Ҳȸ˾ƣһʹ죬ֵЩ֮꣬ϳ˲ĺ֣ĳţıûУ⿴˵۹ϱȽ϶£һ̳֮УϵܾһһԺǰ;
˵Ƶ۹ȴǲҲôģ˼ǰҲǫ䣬ˣĳֻһé«Сɫѣֵһᡭ
⻰ĳɲֵǫǽ˾ͲҪ˵ٻˣĳ˵У϶У꣬ǽ֮һһĺ֡ƵʮȻһǿЦӡ
Ҳ֪ǲǺˣǿȫŪҶ֪νӲˡ
˵ɶɶɣֻžƱǣ˵治һĺúȡ
Ҳת˻⣬ֵϵܣʲô㣿
һ㶣Ƹˣ֪ʲôͻȻʳĻڽӵҲûʲô㣬һ沨ãԺҲû̫
ͻȻһЦ˵Ȼϵûʲô㣬͵ĳɡ
ٴסˣ˻Ծ˼άЩֲҪſ˵ЩʲôͻȻһ֣ϵܣȱżػô˵ɣڣҵ£ĳĲǲ֮ѹϵÿ춼ڣʲôֵ飬ϵܹæǣһ㾡ɷģڴ󲿷ĶǷϽ飬캦ɱ˷Ż϶ȥڼǮϵ㾡ۣܿĳ޶
ţô죬ô˼ƾȻˣֵ£˵Ȼ˵һǮǿ϶͵ø¶ܵµĲ£ܸ
ǿ϶ǲܡ
ֱֲӾܾƵ룬Ȼǲӣ˼Ƭ֮Ϳ˵곤࣬ҶһֳղŶ˵ˣǱ˴֮䶼ѣͰѻԺõһ죬ֲʲô캦飬岻ݴǣǮ飬֮ͲҪˡ


999 ޷Ȼ
⻰˵ҲϳȲƣҲûнȫ˵˴˱˼ء
Ƶ۾Ƭ̣ҲûжĿ⡣
֮ͻȻЦ˵ϵܹˣðɣȻ㲻ԸĳҲǿ󣬵ѿ϶ǽˣԺиɽˮ̣Ͷ·ʱ򣬻ϵܳ
ִˣڽ֮ϵĵλȻټһݲҵֻڵʱôܻһСɫæҿµȲһˡҿػص
ʮʮӶʲô鶼˵׼˭Ҳұ֤һӲˤͷˣҲᣬǺȾơˬ˵
پǺȶʱ䲢СʱңƱýӰȥϢ
˵ٷԵɽ֣˵ЩҲЩͷԣôҲ벻ͨΪʲôƻⷬٶ
˵ҵΪڽ֮Ҳˮ׼ڵĽӣΪ֮ϣڵĴԺ֮ڣƣΪҸ߳ҲΪڵλߣ˵ּĽڵԽӼңһϴһ飬Էʱ򻹸ҳֵܣ£Щ֮ܳС
û뵽ǣȻͶĴź
ѰĽͣ˵ôźĴܹڵĴţǶѾǰ˱˸ˡ
֪ڵĴãͶڵߵĽλΪߵУеһܹõǧӶٵҲмʮȻʮֿɹۡ
ߣҲҪԺʳסУǵݵǰ㣬֣߽ҲûЩʲô飬лӣǶǳ
ߵĻҲͨ˻Ҫ߳ࡣ
ܹʵǸѡ
Ƕ˵ЩǮʲôϱͲȱǮȱǮǬ˱ﻹдӶϻµ״żСıǽ˵һʮű϶϶ǮˣǮֵڣ˭ԸֵطҪɫ
ӴҴȹһξ֮󣬾ֱҴһͷ֮Уװһݻӻյһȥůġ
ӽ͵ſڣٴκ˼䣬˵ҰţʱЩҪͲˣҳԹ緹֮󣬻רŵֱһϳǡ
һﴦԲһЦ滢ƵЦݣ˸о˵һЩڵĴԶΪҳ֮Ļʲôѣܿڡ
ٴζԽӱл⣬˵Լ뿪ãǽֻ˵ӶѾźˣЩС¾ͲƳˡ
һǽӲ뿪˴˴
ҹţ֮ⷿڣĲð迴űĿȻǾƵģò˵ǣܴⷿ󣬶һһĸ֣˯Ŵһ͸ߵĲУסķ䶼滹ϴõĴԡףȫǼı׼
̫꣬Ǯˡ
ҲιһųĴ֮ϣ㿪ʼ˼췢顣
ΪɶҪͶأ
ѵΪ⼸ڽ֮µ飬ɱħԭ
ߣǿһص黪ӵүүݣ
ֻпܣͬʱ־ÿԲǺܴڵĸֱĲôῴһé¿󱲣ţڳ֮Ҳźǿģص飬ǱصӸ߼ĵλǶźǿı
Ͼ֮žܽӽ¡
ܹڴ˵ؿٳһųŪôһƬ˽ׯ԰˵ûʲô˵϶ûš
ǿҼүӵϲſԽӽң̿϶գҼүһ䣬æûմĽ֮ء
ڴ˺ܶ࣬ܿ뵽˸ղǸԷķԱϣڵĺǿ󣬾Ȼ˶˳쿴˵ģȻǾһ̿СӾһͷƽ֪ȫˡ
ڴ̽һص³ֶ֪ͨһصڱһصΪУȻȴûἰ飬Ȼôηһص
޷Ȼǣ֪Сûнѩ֪ڣҪй¶˳ȥ鷳ɾĴȥˡ


1000 ˷Ů
·ݱǽѩֵĹؼʱ̣жôѣұҪѩŪ֣ΪغҼүӵ˭У¶û
¾һص̽ӣǽѩڣ֮ǰһصˡ
ѩĵر궼ѵһУѰҲһܹҵõϢһɢ˳ȥȻýϵĸ·۾ģ϶ҪȡĽѩӺܴţ˵ҲһӣҲȥһѱˡ
֮ϣƱã׷Ϊ棬תۼпܷĿɳҽѩʱڵˣǸһΡ
һ㣬Ǿǽѩ˭õģ˭У
һ¶ҾЩͷۣҲͲٶ룬ʱ˵ɣٶҲûãֻܼ¡
ǾֻлǮҾͲǼСıǽѩ
ʵĴ֮ϣ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ˯ʱͻȻŵ죬һ㶣붼ʱˣ˭ҵأ
Ѳǽӹң
ȥţŸһ򿪣ʱǰһ
һʮŮҵǰ꿴ȥҲиʮ˾꣬һͷ糤Ƥ𪣬ţһ㣬߹Ƶһߣ۾ܴĺõû˵
ʱǰŮһߵģɫ΢죬Եʮֲ˼
Ҷһ˵ӣߴط˰ɣ
Ů̧ͷһۣûлشҵĻЩִٵС˵ҿԽȥ𣿡
ʱһһͷˮ˵ʵͻȻ俴һӳҵķǰ϶ǻϲģʼռһ仰ûеڱڣҸֲǺ죬Էʱֵܣ˵ñͻʲôıƣ߽ҪСĲС
΢΢һЦ˵ӣðɣҹйŮģһ¶в㣬Ҫʲô飬Ǿ͵˵ˣҾͲˡ
ŮԵЩִٲͷҿңһС˵硭ǽܼҰŹģġҲŮҡһǵһΡ
˵Ůģܸ˷֣㽿߿˵ģǸүǹƶöģ⻹ǰװĺ¶
˲ҾСӵͼΪ£ңҲɷѿģȣůѡ
һʮĴСӣѪյͣʵһܴջ
»еߵģ֪ʲôʲô鲻
һ˺ôģһŮһ˵ӣллܼңһ·۵ģúϢһ£ˡ
˵Ů̧ͷңһ˫Ŀʱҧ촽һ£˵ΪʲôѵҲÿ𣿡
ܺÿֻǡ
˰죬Ҳû뵽ʲôܾɣһģ㻵Ц˵ҲϲŮˡ
˵Ůһ£ʱɫĿеҪһǧɣأֲ졣
Ůһ֮󣬶˵תͷ£Ҵ뿪˴˴
һֱĿŮʧߵľͷвЩڣ꣬Ưһӣˣ̧һۣεҡҡͷתӡ
˻ȥͻȻЩģǽӲһһүǹɣ
һ뵽ҸϽȥŸˣ˭š
Ҷˣһ˯ĺܰȣʦָ˳Ұţû˹š
ڶһ磬򵥵ϴһ£ãڵ˹ҹȥš
ԣڵƲûйǽȴ㣬һ緹
緹û˵嵭һЩθھѡ
Ǯ˾ǻܡ
Էʱ򣬽ӶϷʱڲᣬ¶˵ҲΣ϶֪֮ԸǸŮ˵ǰ㻰ֻһܵɶѡ
֮ԸһصìزҲΪһŭΪա
ҪΪ˸Ҳһصͷͻ
԰緹֮ұ뿪ڣл˽ӸҰųһȥ飬ֱһ𳵣صϳǡ
µ鷳ٴνҸסˣѰҽѩҲһ˳Һϵһ£һ½ĶԲߣһﲻֻֻһǼҵסַһʱһϵ


1001 չϢ
صϳ֮ҵٴαĲ
ÿ˰Ͱ֮⣬ȴԼָΪʢ״̬
ò˵Ѧλһүӵ֮½˱ϵľõĺܿ죬ȻҲһܹ޸ԭ
Щ֮⣬ÿ춼Ҫоһ´ӺŪٰ˲ķⷨʮ£һʼԼķϰÿδ߶ٰ˲ʱ򣬶˲תӣźвϾҲתƵ岽ˣʱ򻹻ὫԴײǽϣۡ
ʱ֮ڣѦСߺͻҲһΣ˵ƻָҲͦ죬еΪָ˲һ룬ж϶ûʲôˣѦСߣȻ˹ȣ߶ԿЩ½ţÿο·ӣҵر
ҽӽڵ˵һ£Ƕ˶Щ𾪣𾪵Ĳڶҵ̬ȣǸԷСȻһصϳǵ̽ӣǼԷ飬ȫСӸ͵ȥѰҽѩγ˺ܴ谭
е˼ǣҪնݳȻԷһص̽ӣ˵ԷҲ⣬ҪúõĲһ飬ܶصǱߵ
ȻҾòûҪѾʵˣСֻһص̽ӣԷƵϳǿνʷƾõһϵ꣬ϰĵӱȽϸɾھӦûɶ⡣
ͨϴη飬һǱȽڵʵġ
󣬻л˵һ飬ǹСǸͬѧչģʱֻھôһ˵û뵽лȥ˼ˡ
Ҿǣи˵չСӲ򵥣򵥵ҵүӣҲһߣȴҲ֪ģүүͻȻȥˣһĴȫչڽүүĻẠ̇ʵǹͷ⣬Ļһ
һ˵ҵȤʰչСӵΣЦ˵̽ˣչڸûã̽׶ΣƵǣүӸߣðչ˻Ạ̇Ӷĳ˸ֵּ԰չڵӦԸͨĹｩʬѣѲĽɫܱ
չС˲Ҳͦ壬ȻǸսߵȦӣӦöһҽ黨û¶ʱ߶߶ʲô˵Ͱһѡ
ϻˣʲôĽɫҲԸˣǴӦܰﾡ˵չСӵȷĵĺܣԴ֮󣬽ܿ졣
Ұչүүͨһķдڸģûгʱ򣬱Ѿߵĸʮأƹһ꣬ҲǸͦĸ֡
֮ϣŸɵзһչȻܹ̤Ȧӣүүı˵ģҲ࣬ǰ·ҡ
ͦæģҪ˺УȥҰչ㶣жӦҲӦĻԽһ
˵ԺǻܳΪܺõѡ
кѦС֮ÿڼʵЩģ»һʱ䣬ͻȻһ뷨ȰѼո
һЩѼտӦҲѡ
˵ǽѩֵĵط֮أ·;ңԶв㣬ȥĿĵҲֱܶط⳵ȥҲûԸȥΪ̫ա
һ֮£һǾԼȥȽϷһЩ֤ʻ鵽鷳
ʵһֱһ뷨ǾŪ
֮ԼһУȥѧ
Ǯ֮󣬼У㷢һСӣо˵쿼Ŀһ
Դ֮ҵļһֱܺãһȫ׾ٵľͿ˹ȥ
ֵѧĿʱ򣬱Ҫְֵȥˡ
ҵĽһʮˣ΢֣˿ȥͦʵ˭Ϳġ
ЩƢͦ󣬶ˣ׵ĺܡЩֱָѧҪôѣָʹģ֮
ֻûнңСƢɲһףٲҪʰһ١
һѧˣ˾Ӷ࣬ˣҪʮǰСʱ򣬴·϶
ЩһʱҺ˵ĵЩҲ̫ȤܾǸҵЩ롣
ֻû뵽ǣͨͨѧȻҲˡ


1002 Ƥʬ
ҳΤƽʱĬԣ̸˹˹ģһ۾ʱģ
Τޣһѧ˶Τ硣
˲Цֻн̳ʱŸ˵仰ʱڸʻһ
ڵһο˵飬ͷЩ̫Ծ޵ɢһ˿
ҲǰµˣѧѣҲ̫Ƿǡ
ʱֻǾΤпһһЩеķ飬Ϊ˿ŻŸ˼ҹȥ
ڼУʱľˣҲܹһЩ̸Τ飬ǻϲ׿ӵʱ죬̸۵Τ޵
˵Τڰ֮ǰϱˣһĶӣǰΤͦ͵ģ˾ʹкЦԴϱ֮Τ䣬ʼĳĬǰõǼҲʼԶˡ
һ˾һ°ʹҴҸϣҲκˡ
ҶЩҲôȤΤҲͦġ
ֻǵ˺Уаµʱ򣬷ΤԽԽԾȣɢҸʱŨһЩˣһʮŨصĺȦ
ܸһʮ㲵ģ
ͨǸоģǶ˵ȴܹ׾ٵĲ׽
֮⣬һΤĲϳ˵ֶۣҸоЩʬ񣣬ֵһ˵ǣܽ˵ʱ򣬻ܹŵʮŨĿڳζһֶԣΤһ֣˵ʱҲĽԴתһߡ
˵ĸоͲ̫ܹ󲿷˽ܵģҶԴ˵ĻȴӵŨء
һΣΤҳʱڸʻϺúõģͻȻͻ˼£Ȼס˸һʹӣôˣ˵θˣЩۣȻ˳żУƫƧһķ˹ȥ
һʱ棬ΤԶ֮󣬱㽫һѧԱĵĸ˹ȥ
Һǣ˵θˣΪʲôܵ˲ӦǳҩŶԡ
ΤǰŸս˲ҵƬ̣Ҳ˹ȥϢĴӺ¶˰Դڸʲô
һҪʱһͿΤȥ֮󣬽žƿ£ֿʼڶƤǶƤһƬһƤһĶرģһӣ죬ȻһСҩƿȲó˼ţٴβĶһȻϵı鿪ʼ˺һŻָ
棬æĵ˳Τ֮һжָʲôûзһ
ȻǺɫƤϳֵƤһĶȴӡҵԺ֮С
ıԽԽ֣ĺ档
ȴΤϸܲһߵϢֻеɢ
Һ̽
ǣڵ°֮ұ͵͵ĸ˼ңڸʲô
ܾСпڸɻ£Ҳּ𣬿ʲô鲻˳۶ҪһܵˣΤЩ⣬Ҿ̫һЩ
°֮Τŵ綯ؼˣֱӴһ⳵ĸ
ԼСʱ֮Τŵ綯һС֮ͬС
طеһﻧ඼һЩϾɵסкܶũһԺӣó⳵ͣǸСͬ˳Ǯ֮󣬱ٵĸ˽ȥ
Τŵ綯ư˹գͽһСԺ֮Уﻧط˲࣬ʮصġ
ҸԶһԶζܴ
ҿΤԺţǾɨһ֮󣬲ŵ綯˽ȥȻһ졣
ҵľɫ磬ʲô
ǳڵĻͦ磬ʱɫѾȫҵ˺һֱ߰˵ӵʱ򣬲ſʼж
ϢǼҵԺǽ֮ϣԺû
ɨһȦ֮󣬲ûз֣ȻҷԺǽһ֮С
Ȳغ֮Ҳųҵķӿȥƺŵƣʮֻ谵еĴŵģܲ͸硣
Ժﰲ쳣һ˿죬ûһ㡣
ĵһֱȵʮӣʱһϸ΢죬˱סͣʵĶʮʹࡣ
ԥһ£ŽżͳǷŸ˹ȥ


1003 
Ϊ˲˷ҵ˵еϢȫεˣ·ͬèһ㣬Ϣ
ǵߵſ֮ΧźͳλȫһȦȴ־Ȼûһ˿϶ܹҲ̫ʵһЩ
Խ㲻Ҽˣ˵
վԭɨһȦ֮󣬾Щ޼ƿʩŴ˿ھͺˣϢĽȥҲ鿴һ
ԴӴ³֮ɵ˴ֽħ۵ĶҲȫɵˣ׶Σóߵķʽ뵽ԼڣҸ޷
ڣֻܿԼˡ
Ƭ̣뵽һ취СԺ֮лһƫǶѷڣҴӵϼһʯͷȻ˷֮ϣķöԺš
˷֮ϣұƽשͷֱ˺ü飬һ飬㳯ԺŴ˹ȥ
ʯͷڼžҹԺϵĶʮ
ע⣬Ȼŵ˲䣬һ
ҽʯͷȥ֮ſݶϣŵķȥ
Ȼҷһƺûʲôã˲֪ûػװûҵ˺һ˳
ԣұ㽫еʯͷӶĳԺŴ˹ȥŪšۡ졣
һΣûҽеʯͷȫȥǷ΢΢һ£ͣеĶһεſݶϣĵȺš
Ƭ֮Ŵһ϶ţҾͿΤ޴Ƿ˳һ֮ɱ˳
Τ֮⣬ıһˣһŮˣΤ߳ȥ֮ǰС˵ʲôˣϿߡ
Τ޵˵ͷɫҿһذףλεģ˱Ŵſڵķȥ
ҵߴΤ޵ϺܿŲߵǸŮϣ˵Ҳ֣Ů˵Щ죬͵ҲϤǣҪϸʱǸŮѾŸˣ»ص
ĵƹⱾɫֺڣֻǾ죬ûпϸһʶŮ˵ףջû
ʱΤѾߵ˴ſڣʵ˭ҹţ
û˻Ӧûţ˼֮ԥһ㷴˻һߣһþƵĿܴ⳯æſȥ
ĹΤֻص˷ǰ˼£˹ţǸղǸŮˣСʵʲô
ûˣҹèʲôŪĶɣΤ޴
ܣǲҹèŪĶ϶ΪģǸŮ˶Ȼ
ʱٴζǸŮ˿һȥƬ֮ҵСͿ
ꡣ
Ǹˣһҵĳˡ
˱Ԭʦ꣬Դӽʬնɱ֮ҾҲûмǣΪ˵ӣҸ̵ĵطأӴ֮Ҳͷ¶档
û뵽ǾȻҵƤӵ£ټϳС
ǺôĵӣڵطǻΪ
гĵطǿ϶Ԭ¿ɵýʦ˸һȥ
ɱǣʼǸ
ֻƵǣôһͨһһУѧĽҪ
Τ˵һ֮󣬳껹ЩģΤȽӣһԺ϶ҪԲ鿴һ²ŷġ
ʱѾҴſĺܵͣһŪ
ɨһȦ֮Ҳûзʲô쳣۷
ٴα֮ڷֵƬ̣һ˳ȥżŵأٵĳŷſ˹ȥ
ߵ˷ſֿ֮ʼţᣬһû˺ü²ͣ֡
ܿ죬ﴫ˽Ų죬һΤ޵ġ
Ѿ׼׵ֻҪһţелɢͻȥʲôˣֻҪմϣͻʧȥ
ſٵıˣΤ޵İ¶˳˳һлɢͷľͳΤ˹ȥ
ԭΪΤ޻ܿԵڵϣȻҿٵȥԬһ
ҴûԤϵǣΤȻŪһлɢȻվһ¶ûУתͷһۣסˣЩԾ˵ô


1004 һ
ҿ
ôʲôѦС߸ҵлɢʧˣ
ôܣ
ʯ֮䣬Һܿ췴Ӧ˹ʱйϻȻһвˣǾֻǿˣһֱӳΤ޵ؿץ˹ȥ
Τڶݵһ֮󣬺ܿҲӦ˹Ӻ﷢һŭ𣬲ҵ쵽ؿڣһ
һ룬ҿҪ°͵鷢ˡ
ԭһ˵ΤޣͻȻ˺ɫƬϵƬ࣬޶˿ֲһ˫۾ͨѪҲ˫ֵָͷҲ˼Ӳָף˫ҲһƬ渲Ƭ
Τ޾Ȼһ˲ͱ˽ʬ
ҲһˣôͻȻɽʬأ
øʬҵĺˣΪ˽ʬңǰһĻҲˡ
һ̣˽ʬΤޣ˫ֱ֣ӳҵĲ˹
˲Ϣ֮䣬ұ߶ٰ˲һΤ޵ĺ棬Ȼһžͳŵĺ˹ȥ
ٰ˲ֶһϰڼ䣬˿ҲǼõģһθо
һ½żأǷʬΤֱߵշ𣬺ݺݵײ˲ԶԺǽ֮ϣһ졣
ҵĽŽӴΤ޵֮󣬶ʱоˣôǽʬӲ쳣Ͼ͸ʯͷһ޶
ɼˣҲ߷˳ȥ
Ƭ̵ͣЪֱһ֮Уİĵƹ֮£ҺܿͿ˳꣬ĶҪģһ£ÿҸո˽
˼棬Ȼû˵
ҵһǰѷɫâĽԾȻɫڽ֮ת
꿴֮һ϶ʱĻʧɫȻҲϳһ㡭
û뵽ɣ̤ЬٴȫѹСʦأһɣ
ҳųɭɭһЦӿٵǰȥһĿ˹ȥ
ʬŵĴͽܣֶҲ򵥣ϳֻ֮Ƕݵľţ˹ȥʱҿһ־ͻȻ䣬һ࣬һŮͻȻվһԾ֮͵ǰ棬ֳץ˹
ղҵĿȫ˳ϣûע⵽ڳһ໹һŮˣҴˡ
ҪҶʦ˵ĳ̫һЩһҪ̵֡
ԶСȱûʶĿֲСһĻŵʬ˽ʬԸҵһĻ״
ŶдǾҵǼֵܵһĴȫҡ
ȴŪǸ˲˹ӣԶʹ
ΨǵܾǶʬ¡
ŭ˳ͷԣҿ꣬ԱߵǸŮ˾ͳ˹
ãһһѣһ£ΪҲȷŮʲôˣնɱҵ߼ǸŮϵʱ򣬺ܿ㿴ĿһʮҵŮˣҵ˲䣬Ҳٵķ˱仯ҲΤһ㳤˺ɫƬһ߽ʬ˹
ͬʱһˡʬͯܣ
Ļδ䣬Ҿһѵ죬ײ˲ֱˡ
ҲֽŸˡ
鼱֮䣬ҲǰɽʬŮ˾ֱӽʬߴǬ˱˳Ů˹ȥ
ʬܹһɷ֮ŮʬӺܹ죬ȴҲ޷ֵסʬߵ
ʬϵʱŮ˵һĲҽУðһỤ̋ڿն䵽һԵɳ֮ϡ
Ҫȥ׷ʱͻȻĵһתͷΤֳƺһͳ˹
һεĴ߶ٰ˲˲λǼ䷿ӵſڣһƾ֮ϣȺصľĵķѡ
һһŨʬӭһŨѪζ
ҽȥܶɫĶߣһ
ٴٰ˲ֶΣ˲ƵһطЩɫĶȫҵΤ޵ϣſھҧȫϡ
Τ޿ƺһоûУϹŶߣֱٴγ
Ҳ˷߶еķʬߣԼٶȣΤ޵ϣҲķ˳ȥ
ûʱ߽ʬҿٵǼӣĴһɨտҲֻһĴţȻʦܶѾˡ


1005 ɱ޹
ٴδ߱Ľʬ˻֮ҲøپȥǳǴڵλһлɢȻŷ˴ӡ
ǰȥͿΤ޺Ǹͬʬۼ׵Ůһͬӡ
ǵϻðỤ̋Ŀͨ˼аԵ϶ҪŵĲᣬҶԽʬһĶ̫ðûоöô¡
ֱڣҲȷΤ޺Ů˵ǲǽʬҴûмģǼǱ洫ġϴҲмء
Ǹϡ
ֻǴҴҿһۣоǶû̫в֮ҲɨһԬͳߵķ
ӸղʬңԬʦܣܹһӣվڴ̨֮ϴɨһۣܿͲ׽ǵӰ
һʼǴӷӵģܾĿ̫һСֱͬȥҪͨ۸ӵﻧĵ·ΣӶҵ׷١
ˣһֱѰǣصҲûзǵ׷٣ֻЩʱգ׷СһЩ
˻ǹģҲϴ֪ΣյĵطȫĵطǾͺö˶˵ǵƤӵ£˭û뵽ǻҵط
ǵ֮ӴȥȻǽͷǽͷݶ֮ϣﻧߴһֱǵΣֻҲŲڽǸˡ
ʦȻסʱͦˣĵʮϤںܶ۸ӵСͬﴩٶû˿ͣ١
ǵĻѾȥ
һӣһ߻ͷ߿ʼձżʮ׵ľ룬ֻ棬档
ﻧ޷˦ѣֱӳﻧŴ֮Ͽ񱼶ȥ
ҲǷһ·׷ȥ
û뵽ǣһܵ˴֮ϣÿһ˽ͣԬСӶ˵ɻһ¾ǳ֮ϣǳ߶ûкһԴͱҳԽӣɥԬ˵˾еĳԿףһ˳ͷȥ
꣬Сӻ޲磬Ϊɱ޹˵ʲôҲˡ
Ԭһˣƾ˫ȿ϶׷ϣ޼ƿʩʱԱͻȻҲһҶ˵Ǭ˱һǮӴֱӾͶ˾ϣһ˽ȥָѾԶȥԬĿ˵ʦ׷ǰǮġ
˾һеĳƱǧһ£ʵң
쿪һֻҪ׷ϣļǵ˵
ϣƺðɣ˾ʱĻŭţæǮһźȥʱƱȻһ˲ͳ˳ȥ
һҶˣ⻹һ˾
˾ӿķɿ죬ǻԬӱźü׵ľ룬ۿҪˣǰͻȻһƣ˾ͣԬڱȫκνͨ򣬴ƣУô˳ô
¿ɰҸġ
ִǬ˱óһǮʦ׷
Ǯʹĥ˾Ǯ֮ҲʲôͨˣӦһźһ·񱼡
Һã˾ļ㲻ǺǰԬľڲϵ̡
˾һŵģЦСӣϱ˹զأǹƴİ
Ҳø£Ӧϱ˹ˣϽ׷
˾ɫһֵ࣬ҵĸԹԣ汻Ҹ¶ˣɶ¶̣ñӿɲУֵܣˣģҿ϶׷ϣ
˵գ˾Ƿţһֱ֮׷ȥ
ϣѾʮһˣӲ࣬·Ҳӵһǰһֱһ׷ս
Ԭһ߿һ߲ϸ鷳Ϲβĳúܶ೵Ӷͣͼסǵȥ·Һ˾ãһһĶ˹ȥ
ڳϵļǣ޲óٶ
ԽԽǲܻţұҪ
һ֮ҶԬͻȻ뵽һ⣬ֻ˳սһ绰ڵս˵һ¡
һ˵ϳǷԬͳټսҲܼ˵Ͼ׷ԬҽƺŸһ£ء
ƺԬһϳʱҾѾˣս˵һ¡


1006 ٷŹ
⣬һǵĳƸս˵һ£ʱشˡ
˵绰֮󣬴Լ֮Ҿо
ʱѾ׷Ԭĳӳ˳ǡ
һ˳ǣ·ϵĳ٣ԬǽӿһרųСУΪ˱ܿϳǳľ
ǺԬĳ벻ϵ̣ԬŽɽʻʱǰͻȻһߣһվʮ죬϶սϳǵľͨˣʼعĳ̲顣
ȻЩصľԬ϶˿˼ɵģͣĴ㡣
ٶȷǵûнһӿٶȣֱӳЩķ˹ȥ
СѾﵽɥĲĵزŵǰص˷׷׶ܣóǹԬ̥˹ȥ
ϾͰ̥ϰԬĳӿȥ֮Ѿ̥ˣСԾͿ˺óһξͣ
ҵ˾ȫɵˣɲҸԬһ˼ɣͣǱͣһֵ̿˵ҵ谡ĴƬ𣿡
Ԭĳͣƿ˳ţ˾˵һ뿪ˣͳԬǸȥ
ЩصľԱû뵽ԬôҺûԱһȫǹ˳׷ԬĳӶȥͣ
ԬھǶ·ĵطͣ˳ӣȻųֱ꣬СŲԶɽ񱼶ȥ
ϳ滷ɽߵķڱķǺôһƬɽ룬Ҳ֪ΪηҪѡߡ
ͳ˳֮󣬵Ĺһ·ٶȷɿ죬о̤ŲҶһ㣬һûǵΪǾ˲١
ȣǾٶȻࡣ
ǿ϶ҲţһصħҵĽ£ǵʦʬۿҽɱġ
һʼʱԬʦɵѹңֻڵңͲǸ׸С
ԣһҾӣû˼Ҷƴһ£Ǳڵסˡ
ӣ³֮׷ȥܿͳԽЩ׷ľԱҲĹһ·̤ݶС
˫ٶȶܿ죬Ƿ۵糸һ㡣
Էܼ̫ãΪʮģҿ϶Ҫǿ࣬ȣҵΪҪ֮ϣߣҿԴԴϵɰ˷άڵڿݽߡ
һǲٷŹǣһˣһιƾͺҵˡ
һΣҲϹèӡ
Ȼǲ֪ڵΪܹ굽ɽ֮Уѵҵ׷
ܿ죬ЩԱ㱻׵Ҳˣʦ˵ľҲԽԽ
ɼ̵һףȻ߰ʮףԵԽԽţȴԽԽƽ
Ҿô˿Һڸè׽Ϸèֻƣڱڵ׷ֻ׽ŪǣǽƣˣҲŻὫһ븹С
ǻʮ׵ʱͻȻһ⣬ԬĻ񻹱һģӦǸС
ʱ귢ҵʱһ˵ԬʬͯϽܡ
ԬĶӦñǸʬͯ
˵һǵһ˵ĶҲǸϡ
˵ǶǵŪʬģȴа֣֮ʬǻµ飬ʬ£е
ǻ׷һƬʱܲˣͣ
ǳһ٣ͻȻԼлᦸ˳һɨɫϢһɫĻХлᦺͷŪɫʬʮһ˵ϣҪʴ˵Ļǵġ
Ѿ˳ֱһջһϣҵǰЩʬ˲ҵķֺ
һָǰһƣ㳯ײ˹ȥ
Ԭеɻ߸߾һ֮ϡ
˿ԬҲϸ˻ȥ
꾪һæߵԬߣ
һ֣ٴν꼤˳ɫĺڽ֮תҵɫһƬɭŽһһĳ˹ȥ
ԬЩ֣̿Ƿߺȴռ߷֣ҵĺԶԶڶҵĿ־塣
һμԬʱһʮ꣬ѾǸʮ߰СˣӸһЩֻϵ໹һûб䡣


1007 ʬͯ
ǰ¶֮Щ޷εĲ̡
֮ԱƣҾÿ϶Ԭ߲һƴһˡ
ɱͬϷ˵
ղţһɱһƽˣֻΪĳ
һһıƽԬͳһһĺˡ
ʱԬͻȻҵô̫ˣʦʦɱˣ㻹Ҫɱǣѵһ·𣿡
Ҹ»·»·Τһҿ¶˰ɣڲ֮ǰҿۿɱһˣֲηˣӦ糬Ҳôһҧгݵ˵
һ·񱼣˿̶۵ͷ󺹣Ǻˮ֪ŵĻ۵ģԭС
ԬĻ汧һӣһźڲţһлᦣ˿ĺܽ
ʱҲü۴ꡣ
СƤǸӣСɶ£ɫܰףôҲ뵽һɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ԽǺÿĶ
Ů˹ƱǴ˵еЫ˰ɡ
Ҹоһμ꣬ȼǰһЩƺԵøӷ˶ˡ
ޡ
ŮжܿɱС
ʦԺҲˣһΣͷһɣһߣټҪ̫ˣҲҵ
ҺǺЦһʵһвң
㡭һΡұ֤ԺҲῴˡɫ
ˣϻˣҲֶ֪Σֻ˵һ仰˳߲Ҫ뷴ֻ·һԹԵĹܷһһҺὣ
ʦ㣬ϻˣһɱʬͯڣҾͲŪԬҲٺˣͻȻһѳϵĺڲǸСԼǰ
۾һʱһ꣬ʲô⡣
СҲģڣϸһĶҹ֮Ҳڷ
Դܴ󣬼ռ˴ӣһ˫۾ĹĵģѪһĺɫҲܴһ죬Ƿݣָ֫֫׶ܳ
⿴Ѿˣеһֻɫª󡡣
˼ǣһĹܽͷϳܿ˻ȥͷǷֲġ
ʲô
ʬͯɱ
ϸϵǸʱԬͻȻһǱ֮ΪʬͯĹ﷢һֽУһͳ˹
ʱһܣһٶ̫ˡ
Ǵ˵ľӶã꣬ˡ
˵ϣٴδ߶ٰ˲һΣԭƾʧһ㣬һ̣ұʦܲԶĵط
ǹһĶûңڰ֮еʱ򣬴һɫʬǰһɰأһɫʬ˸ţҶȫ˵ϣںһƬ
ǿҵĶԡ
ʬͯʱԬͳҲһٰ˲סˡ
ղŻԭأһ¾Ȼƾʧˣĵط
֪ΪسɴֶΣȻҲûдﵽǸسɴĵǿ˲תƺü׵ľ룬Ϊߣܹڼ֮⡣
ֻȡһ£һĲѡ
һ̣ʦܷӦŽͳ˹ȥһһкɨǧǺɨ˹ȥ
һɫĽӽ֮籡ľͷ˹ȥǳелһΣɫĻڶӭŽײ˹
⽣ĺܣ˲ͽǴʬײ䣬ֻͷһ£Ƕȥ
ԬǰһǺɻһ¡
ײɻϣһ죬Ԭֱӱ⽣ɳȥ
Ҫǰȥ˳ʱͻȻоĵæһΣٴƵ˼⣬ǿֲʬͯٴһա
СаϢ۶Թ֮ɫ϶ʮаƵġ
ҵвԺܴٶֿĺܣ˺ܴ
ҺܿദӦ֮ߣʦִǬ˱ץ˳ʬͯķ˹ȥ
ʬͯϵԞųǿ󣬶ʦǴĻޣһˣҾöʦӦܹӦˡ
ұ԰ĵĶԸʦܶˡ


1008 
ʦһ׳ܿ˵ϣǸªʬͯҪһʦ֣һۼ׶ʱˡ죬ʮֺˣҲһļƤ꣬ôֲôŪģ
ʦһʬͯȻҲһڵĴ۾һתϵ˲ڶ𣬺ﻹҰһƺ֮ǰʬͯҲĽ䱸֮ġ
ҵǲĶʦֵвʬͯϾʦֵݰǻޣߣʦҲееģʬͯʱ䲢һʱҲûмԬСŪʱҪеĻóöԸˡ
ʬͯӦһʱа
ԣҾöʦʰСӦòڻ¡
ʦָʬͯŵʱŽٴγʦܳ˹ȥ
ʦ֪ҲûȽſ죬ֻзһˡ
һΣҿʦ֮жһɫһɻһлᦣͳ˹
֮ǰʦܶҲԸңһţʱҪսصҹƾͱǸˡ
ǽʱͬգѾ̥ˡ
һҧɱĵǽһл㾦ͳԬ˹ȥһɫĹӽ֮籡ֱԬȥ
ɫĹӽ֮籡ʱ򣬰һ֮ڿ֮жһ⣬
ԭҶˣʱʧɫǳһСģ
˵ͬʱелᦱ㵲ǰ棬أԺһɫĻڶ𣬵ǲɫлƮɢǵɫĹײ˹ȥʱɫĻײɢֱӽǳелᦴһ
ҿг굲һӣԬʱ䣬ҪȻһӱȻ͸Ķɥ
ɫĹ͸˳л֮󣬲ûͣЪһʯͷϣֱӽʯͷķѣмɡ
ȫ콣ԸЩɱţζ
ʦٴαҸסˣ۵ȫǾ֡˾ϣһץõлˣһߴĸԬܣ̫ǿˣǸǶ֣һһ
ȻңйǷϻһûеóѣһٰ˲˳ߣͳųϴȥ
ķӦҲʱǧһ֮ʣյĶ˹ȥ첲ϱһӣѪʱ˳
Ҳߣô죬ҪҲҪʦһ𣡡
˳꣬ԬɻҲһƴľͷǺɻҪһͨк
ɻΪԣһθԬֵʱɻʮңȻɻϵɷԴʱ˵βκεвСϵɺɫɷɱϵҪ࣬ҶѾӦ˹˵ϵɷˡ
СһͣҲǺܷѾ֮ұý꽫еĹӸ˳ȥҪýĿڵʱ򣬳ֳסһһͨ͹
γ˳Լ֮⣬ƯĸͷޣԴ綷ƮżͷϺɫѪ˿ܲһɭȻĹֽ֮Ҳƶ
ڶҷͬʱѾЩЪ˹Ĵеߣҵס೤ʱ䣡
˵Сʦܵĸ鿴ȻҲҪסԬͻȻŪ⼸ͷޣʵЩæңòʬߴǬ˱˳ȥкǼС
ұΪԬߣԬĿһ֮һֺ޲Ҫ̻񣬿һɶ񺮣һ̣ԬָŽ˿УһڣԭʦһǸʬͯͻȻת˷򣬿ٵĳԬǱȥˡ
ʦֽ׷ᣬҲ׷ʬͯȥ
һΣԬû˿ͣ٣ʬͯתӡ
û뵽СӾȻôģýʦ
ĺˣԺ϶ܳɴ£
÷ʬкǼͷ޵ͬʱҪӦ籩һ㳯Ҳĳ꣬һʱЩӦҲֻĿܵԽԽԶ
ҲǷ˺ݣеķʬҿһͷ޾ɽǷʬ֮УŴ߶ٰ˲һ䵽˳һƾĺ֮ϣķ˳ȥ


1009 ׽
һĵĲأֻ˵ʵ˶ϲõĶ椳ĲһƽȻȥ׷Ԭģȴʱı⣬ֻˡ
һ̣ҸıĲǳòסԬľٶҪ˵ŮҲǸˣǶԬ塣
ôһ˲䣬ͻȻԺһѦСߵǰΣԣĳȥһƵʱҾЩĪ
ˣҲҸķ˳ȥصˤ˵ϣһ㵽ߣеĽǰ۵Ĳϡ
ĲӴ˽Ľ棬Ķһ£̧ͷһңͻȻ㲻ɱң
һ㶣⻰ô˵ģΪʲôɱ
ҸɣҽһǾµ°͸̧һ¡
ֱҵ۾ãſڱΪѾˡ
꣡
һ˵һĺ֣ܳĴһɱ⣬ʱȻ޴档
۳Ԭ񣬵ǳĺûģһȥһʬɱ˳ĻȻҪܴұԺ϶ҲӰġ
һʵ˭ģ
ܵ𣿡һ˵
һڣҾ;ЩˣȻԬһʦܣ⺢Ӳ˵϶ԬСӵġ
һҵһμʱ򣬶ʮ꣬Ҳʮߵͣô͵ˣԼ⻹ǲܱȡ
ò˵ԬСӵ˼ҲǹݵģΪ˻Լ޶ˣĺ֮ˣ²ֶΣԺ϶ܸɳɴ£νˣԺȻǸ鷳
Ȼɱ˳꣬Ҳܷˣһлɢͷĳų˹ȥһΣԵ˵ϡ
һսȻص˹ý꽻ǣδǾǵˡ
鷭֮󣬳ԬûԶұһ·׷ȥֱӽСҲס
һתķ㴫һŲеƹڻζ
ҵӱסˣԼ֮ڿˣսһص˹ˣʮ֮ࡣ
߹ұĶǱߺԬʦѾһ׽ˣǿȥԬ׽
һ£һȥ洫սӿ˽ŲһѴ󵶾͵ҵߣЩҲ˹סˡ
ߣ·˵ս˹ҰȱܣԬܵķȥ
ս忸žŹԵٶҲһֱҵߣܱߵСţʲô﷢ֵǣ
ˣҲϹèӣһֱǱϳҴһﻧҵǣСԺһڹƶǸˡ
˵ͻȻһ飬űˣﻧһСԺﻹ߳źɫ۵ĽʬӦģϿ˽߽ʬסʡǳˣ
սһæǸﻧСԺľλã˵绰ʼص˹ͨ
⽩ʬһֿǷͬСɣһ£ȻϰղĿֻţҪڵһʱԿƣµǣ⽩ʬϿʬģҧ֮ʬᴫȾս岻˿Ĵ⣬Ҫ顣
һͨ绰֮սһ첽Уһ·֮ϣҶѰԬӰʵǵĺۼѰʦһֱ֮֮ϱȻб濾ĺۼһ·׷˴ԼСʱ֮Һս崩һƬӣܿһĽǶʦֵġ
ǰвʱҹ濴˶ʦ֣ͶһСӱߣתںӱ߲ͣȦӡ
ʦֿңͳ˹һѽ䱧׷ȥˡ
ʦֺĽţ۾ȴ˲Զӡ
˲˹Ԭˡ
ʦµľˮˣһԬ˺ʦǾԲºȥ׷ġ
ҳź￴һۣüͷʱսСӲܾôˣȥӵο
Ҹսźӱһ·ߣϸѰһںĵطһЩˮգԬ϶Ǵϵİ಻ϵɽһӽ棬һ㣬ѰңԬһǳˡ


1010 ۺڽ
վںӰߣҺս嶼ЩһĪչֻܾŬȥֲսһ£ٴ˵绰ϳǵ侯ؾȡ˹ͨƬɽַԬ򵥵˵һ£ǿ˴һرΣյһ֣ȡǿĴʩ콫׽ù鰸ܻ׽Ǿ͵ǹ֮ѡ
֮⣬صҲɳһЩֹ֧ԮϾԬһߣ侯ؾҲһܹ׽סпɴԱ
µǣСϻһʬͯжѾս˵ˣңҲɵĽС¡
ߵ֮ҹս۷ϳǵǸﻧ·ϸս˵һܹ֮ʦܵϸսҲ棬û뵽ѧҲô۶ӳ
˸̾ǣʦ˵ĵҲȷ󣬾ȻϳΪ
·ϣһһ¸δó⣬˵ǳԬĻ׽ס֮õǹϺһӲǳͭͷֱǹǣܹɱǣɢ׵Ķǵĺ·
Ԭͳʬĸ֣Ҳô
Ǽ˹֮ҲпܼУΪޣ
ǵʦʬţɵһ¡
ŸǿֲĿԣֻɱҲûж룬ֱڲĻܹɹޡ
ս˵еð죬ûлеĻ³϶ܲңһУǾ͵˵ڹҵķɻǺԻģߣҲһĴֻȽ˵ƾ͵ŪˣøŪ䡣
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ
Ȼս忴һۣٺٻЦСţǲǿϳǸСˣȻòŮЫĳСӿɱʲôӡ
ҾʣгһܴҰսһۡ
սֻǺǺЦٴ
ǻص˸ղŵطѾ˴صѺˡ
Һսͣ㣬ֱȥϳǵǸﻧߵʱǸﻧСԺѾˣܶǹʵ侯Χһ㡣
ӳ̶ȿɼһߡ
Ѿҹʱ֣˯ʱȴҲ˺ܶ಻ϰչΧֱۣվԺǽͷϣΤ޼ҵСԺ￴ȥ
Һսòײż˽ȥά侯սʿԱһصˣǳʾ֤֮ͼСԺ֮С
ԺҲվ˲ˣصˡ
һҺս׷ǰк
ߵĸսĸ˵ϴҴ˹ʱߵ̫⣬ȷʵ߽ʬ⽩ʬǼĲһһĶǹ룬ҴŰ˸ֵܲŽ߽ʬŪסˣҲֵˣѾˡ
ս˵ͷɫЩʵǽʬأ
ƽоء˵
һ˽ȥһյƵСݣպеЩ졣
һ֮󣬾ܹŵһŨѪͽʬеʬ
ڻƵĵƹ֮£ҿ߽ʬϷֱһʬֱͦͦվϸźۼףϸܣرˣһ˫ָ֣Ǵɽһ㡣
̷վһԣһŴϸоǰ߽ʬ
оˣ·ƱֱǸսһкȻҵ˵ͷ
̷ƻһɽ˵ģЦһҷ֮󣬾Ȼ΢΢Ķ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȴҲ֪ΪΡ
սʵСƣʲô
ʬȷе˵ۺڽҸղŲһµϣֶʮǰֹһΣʱ˴Աӵ˶ۺڽҧˣصҲʮˣſס˾ƣŪֶʬţۺڽƷʮѣҪڼߣǺڼϵƬֲ˵ϣ˱ĽʬѶԸ֮⣬ۼ֮ҲǺо綾ģΪؼǣۺڽ֯ûбȫƻܹͨһапƣۺڽҲԼһֹ˼άаĿ£ܹһֻͨаĿƻܵǿҴ̼ܹۺڽһܹڰֵ⽩ʬ


1011 ʬ
̷ƵĻǼ˶һ㶣սһۣʵСţڵĸʬҵĺˣʲôۺڽ㲻ϵã
ҡҡͷ˵˵ǼҶڸֽʬȽ˽⣬ǶͨаƵĽʬԵĲǺܶ࣬ҿʱҲһû˵ֶ
ս˵ͷȻ˳̷ƣʵСƣղ˵ۺڽܹаʹ֮¿һǻܲоȻĿܣ
̷ҡҡͷȻܣǱɽʬһ̣ʵѾˣоȻϣУǵʱֶʮֲ̣ЩڼߵƬǻŵʱֲȥģҪͿĨһһʬͣЩʬͼ˺ֵܶĲҩȻϿʼǺڼߵƬֲ֮ڣǧУʹ̣ܵĥԽ࣬γһԹڳΪʬ֮ӵײС
̷ƵĻһļƤҲ̫ײһЩֱ˵޲ˣǾȻҲµȥ֡
֪ҵ˻һҵĺӣҵ𣿡ʵ
̷ٴҡͷ˵ûУǺӦþʬͯѾ˽ʬղǶǼѲС֣Щرһʮֺɷǣסȫռȫˣ˸ĸƶ֮࣬Ҳר˾ͨȷˣһص㣬帽ܹܺõĸĳϣӶȫռ塭
̷ƵĻﲻݣĻʬǸţֻɱûнĻǣҲûнĻɢ˵þͱԬȥС¸
ҿǸʬͯҿۺڽѵ˵ʦǸСʬŻ꣬ŪۺڽģôҲ̫ˡ
һ鴤ֱ޷ʬŸ龰
ǽʬ꣬
վԭصЩ㶣ս̷˵һЩʲôȫû
ʱҵļһ£ս˵һ￴ǵطµ
Ӧһ˹ȥȥǼӣǵԬͳߵһ䡣
ϻЩ鲣ѪʬζŨ
ҿкܶѾı˵ĺڼߣһĴͰ֮ли౻ƤĺڼߣҲ֪˵ǴŪֹߡ
֮⣬ԶһЩֵֹĶӦʬõĹߡ
ߵһ͸ĲԱߣһֵɫҺ棬ȥЩȳһʳ̷ʲôָҪһơ
·һʮģǸȫʬͣ
ˣæָͷ˻ʬͱ֬Ƴͣʬ֮˾õĶ޶˿ֲĻǶģ̫ôаˡ
̷ߵҵߣָԱһܴͭ˵ǴӹĹ֮ڳģһǧʷˣֹŶܹɢʬòĶ
ҳ֮ͭϿһۣǶһӣŪʮּһʳ̷Ǹɶõġ
̷Ƹ˵ǸǰǸСõģڽʬ֮ǰǸСҲҪһָӲпĥǸĸܵĿҪ࣬Ҫǧ֮⣬ҪĿ־壬ܴݲУڼʹ֮ȥСȥ֮󣬱γһʮ׶壬ʱСһһ֮ͬУ̨֮ڻɱɣ߶¯ĿȨһʤƳĶʮֲֿġ
ҵһ˵ӦҪʬŵĻСӵڣǲҪʬţҪд֮Ƴֹ϶ҪԸҵġ
սɫҲһ۵ô˵ǸʬͯʬŵĻǣֻûȫС壬һʬĸˣǻ˵ã
ϴҸоʬӦûûгɣ㱻ˣһʬͯĵдۿۣҲ̫ģ֮ҵԬ˵ǸʬͯҪĴĺá̷Ƶ
磬Ӧ߷һѰԬ䣬һ߱ǸϽѶ꣬ǻʲôܵŵ㣬С̫ײˣţݺҳ


1012 һ
Τ޵ļѾҹˣ˴ޣҲЩƣĺˡ
ص֮ҽԼڷ֮Уȴ޷Ȼ˯
һ뵽ԬͳһͬƵǸʬͯЩ£СûȫɣѾ˿ֲʵʱգʬɵǸСĻǣƿסʬͯ壬ȻѰ𣬵ʱʬţʬͯںϳһ壬ʵȻͬն
Ǹʬһӽˣʬšʬֻ֣׽˳꣬һμ棬϶֮Ҫһġ
ֻܼϣսǱܹԬСӸסǻûȫõʬͯɱҡ֮С
սǴģܹԬ񣬿սȴ˵ƬɽָܴѾϳе侯ؾǧ˳ǹʵصһ־Ӣȥæôʱ䣬ʣµͽǴãȰΤ޼飬ԼҲԲΧԬж
ȻսԹȥұȽϷˣŴǱ߻ص˼
˵ʦ˿ܲҪϳǵģҸоԭ򣬵һΪϳҵ˺ʵĶ¯ҲǸɷǵСܹܺõĸʬŵںϣߣǳУĴҪһȵĵطӸһΤһұһܺõεڡ
ֻϧϹèӣѭΤϣǵļƻ׸ˡ
ãҷֵļʱȻ󣬵ʬһǸɷǵСںϣǵһҪ飬ҪѰ𣬾Ҹ֮ĳޣԲʲô͹أ϶ôôΣҼ˵İȫҲ⡣
ڴ԰ߣֻУĽ˼ŵƽ
֪Уұ֮УоҲûй϶õӣ㱻һֻˣҴе״̬֮˹ֻһսҴģͽͨ˵绰
绰ǱߵսԵúƣȻһҹû˯ˣԬ׽סûС
սε˵ûСǸطΧ̫ˣôһϣһ˵ԬСӵкܶĹСҲ֪õʲôֶΣҵڿһĹѨǹĹ֮еʬŪ˽ʬûҵǸҲв˱ʬҧˣ֮һ㣬ָʩ˺ܴѹʮͷۡ
ս˵Ҳûие̫⣬ԬȻ󣬵ȴʮҲĺֶΣҪȻҲһδεĴֵӳȥ
ܹ޶֮˵ˣϿ²࣬Ԭһ
ҾûȥЩڿĹĹƣ˵ԬͶ棬ս˵Ͳ鿴ˣûУСӸƾʧһڵ߶ҲˣҲ֪ײصʲôطȥˡ
һ³Ǳߵ飬ս˵Ǳ߸鷳ôʣǲڣҪԬˣؼǣѾµУ϶ǲܶһЩֶεģҪûˣǺ鷳
ãһ
ұս˵һҹȥһңսӦ˵Ǹطҡ
˵绰֮ҽŸѦСߴһ绰˵һߵʱҲѦСߵߣһҵԬټ˶Щ⣬ʾһϹȥСӸס
ǲѦС߲ģתһ룬ΧԬΣղǺܴ󣬶һһֱӦ
Ǵ򳵹СʱԺϳǻϣȻűƬɽֶȥ
ʱеƻѾȬˣѦСߵҲˣֻȻЩ£Ѧλү˵ǰ΢ϸҲܿѦС·̫㡣
Լʱ֣ǱƬɽָҵս壬ĺȦأһüչӣȴʮָˡ
֮˵һ¾ɽ֮мεĹĹҲ֪Ԭôҳģų˼ӣ˰ԱԬʱܵӰ죬Щڰĸʬʬ䣬ûֻʮսʿʬҧˣȻûˣЩսʿǶܵ˺ܴľš
һҲܹ⣬ʬ鲢ЩսʿǣڲܵĶ۵˼룬Ȼ俴ЩܱĽʬǹ룬϶һʱܲˡ


1013 㺦Һÿ
ҪЩսʿǲ̵죬ǿ϶û˵ЩаԵǸһ˭Ҳס
ǼʱǽĹǰëʬΣĿʱһ߰ëʬǼ˵Ѿֲˡ
񣬱˵ëʬˣٿһҶµģ̶̵Ĺ⾰Լҽ١
ս˵ȥϳǸﻧʱһƬɽѾˣ˷ȫˣһϣ˼ӹĹĴ֮⣬Ԭûҵ
ˣʮֿ϶Ԭ϶Ƭɽ֮ڡ
Ȼڣһж˵ˣҾˣҲҪСӸѳ
ҺͻԼѦСһ飬㿪ʼƬϸ
ڵʦԬͳƹǸʬ֣ͯʦֵıʮͨұ㽫ʦָ˳һ·ζԬӰ
ֻҪҵǸʬͯ϶ҵԬӹɵģʬͯԬ˵νҪڿʦʬŵĻǣܽ䶪¡
ֻǹôһҹʬͯϵζѾܵˣʦֵĶСʱҲֻ˴Լ߰ɽ·
ʱָ֣սˣͨһ½չһ񣬱ԭϢȳԵ˵
ҲûɶóԵģЩõѹʲôģǼ˶ԲϰߣãҵǬ˱׼һЩʳȳʲôģӦоУרŪļƿþƣֻϧսмɣִʱܺȾƣ˾ͺ
Ϊɶصԭ򣬹߯࣬ܲˡ
հϳһʱͻȻһͿͲʣϱųǹؾ˹󻹸żһģˡ
ս徴һ֮󣬱Щż˵쵼һˡ
˵Ǽ˶סˣֱңп϶
սվʵʲôʱٵģǸ˽ʲô
쵼ǸԱСģֽһСʱǰִʱ򻹼֪ôɢˣղųԷʱŷ˲ˣһϵʽϵˡǸؾսʿЩ˵
սĽеĶݺݵ˵ϣŭܹϸѵؾԼˣһСʱ֮ŷ֣ǸʲôԵģ
սˣǸǶҴ
ҲûԶˣֱһȫŪǬ˱棬ؾ鳤ĴһֱŸղǸСսʿʧٵķȥ
Сʱ֮ǵǸСսʿֵĵطʱطѾۼ˺ܶؾ侯սʿвٸѰľȮ
ҴŶʦվԵЩ룬ЩȮĸͷܴ󣬶ʦԲģһȣʵСĿ
ЩȮһʦ֣һȫըëЩˣ̱ڵϣôվ
ҪǶʦϵĞų̫ǿ󣬶ЩͨȮ࣬ȫѹ
Ҹս֪һǸСսʿõĶһöʦһ£ʦֳҵ˵ͷƵĳǰ˹ȥ
ڶʦֱҵȮá
ʦѭζһ·һƬɽͻƴͣΧǸطͣתȦӣƺǷʲô
Ǽ˹ȥ´תһȦŷһ˿ߣһƬط񱻶Ƥϸ۲ݿе
ս˹һƬطڿˣܿڳһڣĸӣ֯ģ渲һĸƤһƬϸҸֲκζߡ
ԬСܶӳˣεֶι治һ㡣
ֵһ˵ǣǲӴ򿪵һɲǣڳԴһĺڼߣһǾ綾ޱȣԴ׼ֶͷնӵһԣأԷѡ
طԬ϶档
Ķڣһʱȥʲô
վڶڳƬ̣ȥ̽̽磬˭ȥ͸һ
˻ػһѽߵĶʦֱһ¾ǺĶ档
һأұһǰٵ뿪ԭվλã˳ƽʦַ˵ϣǰȻŽ֮ɢɫâĴɨһۡ
ûҿΧͻȻһ㺦Һÿ࣬Ū㣡


1014 ʯס
˹ϵİëըæ߶ٰ˲ֶΣ˲תƵһλŸղŴķȥ
ʦҲʮ־ģһ˫ڵĴ۾Ĵɨš
ղǶ̫ˣԬҲʬŵһСкԹ֮ɫһС˵˵Ĺɭ
Ȼʧ֮һйƽҽ귢âǱ߿ȥʲôûпǹ˼֮Ǹȴһٴ𣬻Ǹǰһ㣺㺦Һÿ࣬Ū㣡
Ҳûˣ﷢ģ
ȫļⶼŽ껺ԴȥԶžʹһ춯һתͷʱǻдӶڴϽ𲧣һٴеģ˹
ս忸žŹԵҲ
˸ովǸ֮ҲŵĻһԴȥ
ȻҲǶ񶾵Сסˡ
Ҳʲôеһ˫ۣǸԴȥ
ҸһƣʾǰտܣҴŶʦǰ˼
ڽҫ֮£ڽ￴Ķ꣬Ȼһɫֻ
ֻĻǺŵģ϶Ǵֻﴫġ
Ҵһ֮󣬲ŽֻҷһߣĻŷֻ¼һƵѭء
ԬСˣ·Ŀ׷ɹˣ˼һС
ղȷʵŵĲᡣ
ֻкս˻Σǲųһ˹
ԬСͦŵˣôΣֲҲе
Ҳ˲ãһЩʬ͸ĥɵķĩܹþȮʧȥԬС̫ˡսЩ޷޵˵
ֻңȴһ飬ֻ˭ģ
Ҿпʬŵʶĳһضʱ䣬ѹסǸʶʬҪͨǸСĿڣתһϢܿҪˣʬ֮󣬱ɥȪ֮ʱ
ɱģ
ҪʳѰ

ЦħôţȵһﶼҸŪˣһһ̫ţʵĵҵļֶѡ
ֻս֮ɨһȦ
طӦǸɽĹĹȻĹеĹĹСԬֱӴ񷶥֮ϴһӣֱͨĹңǲԶĵطһ˶ĹײģײЩرʯס
һǵһμʯͷײĵġ
Ԭһʬеʬ򽻵ⲻҪҸʬ̫ƽ£ʬȻܲңֻܴӷصڣһЩվõʬܶ඼׷ʬ䣬Ѿʬ䣬ԣһеͨһЩĹı£ֶΣԷ¸벻ͨʲôҪЩаʬ塣
ǰʯͷײģ˻࿴һۣ㻺ŹײԱ˹ȥ
ȵ˽ǰһֵ֮ϻһ߸ʬˮƤͷ߸ʬ岽ʱסǣȻ󽫷ʬߴǬ˱˳
ʬ߸һóĩ˵Сҵ˸
ֻҪǷʬĩ˵Сһ˵˴أԴͷȻǳڵŵ߸ʬϡ
кһ£˺ˡ
ȻһݲǸʬߡ
Ȼһ߸ʬʬֱͦͦĵֻֻһ룬㱻÷ʬߴǸʬϣһɫʬǸʬڶǸʬһ£㱻ʬ߸˽ȥ
ԼĪңǸʬֹͣ˲׻һߺôʬ塣
ϣԬСʱ治ղһҲûз߸ʬʲô쳣ҪǷʬʾ߸ʬܹʬ䣬Ҳһͺˣһ˵þˡ
Ǿ߸ʬ÷ʬ߸סˣսͻжһ˹
ʱս忴ǰǿʯף²һֱ߶ǸСսʿӦþʯ֮С
дֵ˵ûеģ򿪿֪ˡ
˵ţһ־ǿʯͷײģǹײĸӷһ̶죬ƿһ죬һɫ˳


1015 һĶ
һֱվڻеԱߣɫ֮󣬱֪ʲôöۼֿ죬Щɫ絽ϣһקס˻еĺ󱳣䳶׿⣬һջֶǰٵһϣͼ赲סЩɫӡ
ˣҲŴжˣ
սȻҲо쳣΢һЩһЩɫĶϣҲ˿ȥ
͵˸Ժ˼׿ֻ֮ôʯͷײϴˡ顱һ죬޴Ĺײĸӱʯͷײֱӳķص˵ϣˤķ飬ǹײɫԴԴϵӿ֮жʱƯһʮŨ̱ǵζһһָζ֮¡
ϿڱǣҪȥ˵ҴһǱ߻ѾϽ𲧸ͷ֮תɢ͵Ľ⣬ȫסˣٳŶڵķλŲ
һƬңȻҲ˶˽Ӹ
ߵǶԱߣսͻȻһֱͦͦľȥһԣֽסˣ㿴սѾ°ĭͻȻ跢Ƶġ
˵ֱսϲȦ˽ȥѦСڣһǱȽϷĵģһڣ϶ܹסġ
ȴһƣ͸ǹΧԬСӵģ󷴵İ㡣
Ƚսȥ֮ҺͻҲȺӱȥ
ȥ֮󣬶ʱҲһͷۻĵĲУĵĸŻǰ˼ȫ˵ϡ
󣬱ҺͻеԶǸڡ
ڵϣʱת۾ˣȻ͸оҵͱˣһҩ裬һ£ҩֱ˶ӡ
ԼĪ˼ӣҩЧƺǷˣֶµĸоʧҲܹΧĶˡ
ҾͿѦСǵеôЩûУ
öˡӦһ˻УҲӦ˹ҡԴȻҲЩΣɨһۣս廹ڵϣ̷Χ߲ͣæ
ôˣʵ
ãļʱһʮʬ߶ȸ֮ɢʬͷĿѣпɥãûɶΣգѾסˣ澿ɶѦСߺʵ
ˣԬǼһ沼壬һʯͷײģҾһ£ƿһɫʬ˳ȻײĸӾͷС̫ˣ
Ѿ˼˵ûǹײİ壬о仰˵ĺãɶšˣһĶ֣һĶѣ˵㣬֪
үлͷһۡ
ڵЪϢһоõĲˣߵսԱ߿һۣΧһȦˣ󲿷ֶصģղǹײʬʱսûжʱմһЩ˿ҿֶǸ׵ģֱ涼һëʮֺˡ
ֱӱʬѬ˹ȥûѹ
ҿһԵĳ̷ơ
סˣ¶ģЪϢһӦþͺˣղС߸ʬҩ̷ƿһҵ֮εĵǡ
ҵ˵ͷվǸڵķȥ
ǸڵλûðɫΧһƬݶѾǶŪĸɿݣɼⶾжôǿҡ
ǱҪǵġ
ֶΣӦòԬģûôߵĵУʼٸӦǲʬͯڵʬţҲֻŲŻĴֱʡ
õģһСӹ﷭˴
ۿǴ˶ˣˣ̫ˡ
ҵһǶڴðɫʬĵֱޡ
תͷһѦСߣұʵСߣȥӦû¶ɣ
զ㻹ȥ˲ǣѦСε
ҾŪףǹײ﾿ʲôûԱ뻹ҪȥһˡҶȻ
ȥҲǲԣҸղſǱ϶ŷأҪһȥǣסĶҪͺˣǴƤסѦС߶
ҲȥվȻǶԸղЩҪȥҰһ֡
ûоܾһԵؾҪߣ˴֮һǹĹ֮С


1016 ʬ޴
Ҫ˷֮⣬ǻҪǿֵ磬ٴǸĹ֮С
һΣҺͻжСģһǰһʯͷײԱ˹ȥǹײİѾˤķ飬ײ֮леɫʬ뵳ҺͻлŵӽԴ˹ȥʯͷײ￴һۣһۿȥɰҸжĻˡ
ײһʬ˿ҲȷǲһʬΪ̫ˡ
ײҵһʲô̶أ
ʬѾΪһŽһɫĽཹཡĻðݣͷҲڻˣҲ˵ʬ嶼һּٶȸãǶŨƵҺ֮УǷһǹƾһǾȷѾģˣǸʧٵؾԱ
ȻЩؾͨȣǿ϶Ҫǿܶ࣬Ƕһźֶܶε˵ԶԬֺ޵ߵ˵Ǹֻ·һ
Ҳ̫һЩʬ޴档
ҸĹתһȦҲûҵʲôõֻǽǰѻûиʴǹЩؾԱ
ȥ֮սѾ˹ϵĸҲȫȥֻɫ
¶˭ɿ϶ƵĲУؾ侯ȫˣŪ˺ܶྯȮûҵ˲֣һԬ϶ɱǸؾ֮󣬴·ɻ˳ȥ
ǧ˵飬ƺƵĺܶ˿϶ʶһؾװˣû˻ȥ֤ؾ϶ǻŨͲʵģԴ⡣
ԬѾӳΧȦСʱˣСʱʱһ˵ʮؿ϶ܳȥˣ˭Ҳ֪ǸˣҪȥң϶̫ʵûӰˡ
һһҹȫϹæսٲҪһѵ⣬϶ơ
ʵҲͦƵģΪԺһ޴Ԭʬұģľֻǵȴ
ܱ
һҲһ걻׽ˣֻܼϣܹõһЩϣҲЩã
Ǽ˰˶飬սһ˼ɨβȻûҵ϶ң͸ûʲôϵˡ
ҺѦС߻лб㾶ֱصҼһپƣһȥҽѩ顣
֮أ޺ܿ͵ˣʱƶĿܣǲˡ
ֻǸ˵·ݣһҲֻ֪ܵɵϢ˵쵽ʱ˾ͻҡ
еƻȬˣѦСҲָĲֻ࣬·µͦѦСŸһȥģĸǱߵѹټҺͻеķԣҲֻա
ѦСȴ˵ҪߵʱһɶҲ˵صӡ
ѦСߺͻ֮ҵڴ˰ͰÿС
ʱ³ʱѾ콣ĵĽʽǺʱ侭ҸĽҰصһ£ҲǺܿġ
֮⣬Ǻݵٰ˲Ҳģõʱһ˲תƵĵط
ҲʮҪͻϮҲһı¡
⣬һһ˺ϴ辭ǸУֻϧҵΪ޷֧ǿȻҵһЩоܹ֮һĞųӦҪ˵ɱˣǾЩ̫Ϊˡ
˵үŹʱҲ˺üһŵҲŽӴһ㣬ȷʵЩΪˡ
֮⣬ʱɻǻȥУѧȻûˣָ°һҾлģ⳵ʵҲѧ˿Ŀ֮ʣµ˲µĹ͹ˣõС
õûĹ⾰Ѿ·ݡ
£ůļڣ磬֮жƯһ˿Ĳľζ
ЩʱգҵѾȫˣΪҲõһ̶ȵ
սǱһüĿûУԬǳ׵ҲˣǸҲǳ˳ģɿڡ
ŵһԬһæ޶һڣܳԹܺȲ˵úźš
꣬һ˵ȫᡣ
ֹû죬ڽӵҹεǸ˵ĵ绰ϼһڸϵˡ
˵ѾϳˣȥӼݡ
һϢЩʱʵҵȵĽѡ
ȥվɸ˻λ֮ûһװõĵۣ˿ˬࡣ


1017 Ƥ
ɵƾ⼸µҲѾȫˣ棬ƺһЩ
ҽӵʱϼһһϲ̵ģһҪԴ͡
ȻˣԻıʲûб䡣
γԷǿ϶ҪѡһȫڣϴԷһ㣬͵ȥ
һǵһǣ̫նˡ
ҽɽӹ˼֮󣬱кѦСߴ˵绰ǸϽˡ
ǼɶǹĽ飬һ˵ˣ˶˻ˣæֱҼҶ
˼֮󣬱ʶõһ㣬úѣֳܿһƬ
Ҽֵʱؼһˣ˵öһżôˣһ
кѦС趼ȴûмɣ軹ͦƵģ˵ҽѻǹ㷺ô͵ͷҲܸҽѣҹһЦ˵ʵͦģǳżһЩʵ˼Ҳʮߡ
һۣ˵Ҿ˵˵
ϼһҲǸֵӣҲǹҪģͺӣһļƤ
øˣ˵ͱȥˣڼҳԱá
˵ʵڵģղĹŪСˣҽҰ˽صĺþȫ˳Ǽҿ
˷֪֮Ҫ˵˸ڣ˵æ뿪˴˴
ʵɵ겢Ǻܴ󣬽һ£ʮ꣬ͱǴ˲ʮѡ
˵ǳżһЩôʮҵͷ
һʱ棬λؼҸʲôȥˣ˵һγһûؼˣؼҿźӣˣҲż֪һЩһСѧĶӣСಡ
Ǹһеģй¶ȱֻоңܲ˴ֻһҲͦ׵ġ
пһǲų⡣
Ψһȷǣѩ϶·ݳ֣֮صѩɽ֮ϣǵطẮһкܶһ·֮ϲ̫ƽ׼
ֻе֮أܹͨǽѩλãһǴԷģֻҪǶУǾһܹҵ
ؼҵʱ䣬ΪҲ˺ܶ׼
һ˵Ǹҳһ裬Ҽүоˡ
һ¶һ飬ǾϴԷ͵飬ҽó˵һ飬Ҳ𾪣û뵽ᷢ顣
Ҳ˵ѩֵ飬пѾй¶˳ȥ
һصǱǵõϢƾҸһص֮ЩԹǱ߲ûκζǲȥǽѩ϶Ҳһ£һЩ鷳
һص˳ȥŪľ˽֪ʱڰ˶в룬뽫ǽѩŪ֣Ǵ鷳
ѩĵرҼүӵƶǾ֢Ҳܹҩ˭Ū֡
ǽһЩø˳ǲ֣Ǵһȥϻ
ɵüͷó˹ǣʼһһ֮еļףеĹһΣϵĲֶһġ
ɿϵĹǳüչָͷͣ
ͣʱǼ˶ȲΡ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢһЩԡ
Ǽ˶һ㶣ɵܽǽѩŪ֣ɻҡͷ˵̫㲻ֻһԶѣ˵Ҳ̫ģԲǴףǿԱģʱһָӱã˵Է׻Ǽ˵ǵģܲŪѩһδ֪
⻰˲û˵
ҳüչʱѦС߸ɿһ˵Сţһ͸ǣ·ܰһЩæȽŲ㣬ξͲܸһȥˡ
˵ţѦСߴҩóһСӣ֮ŵľȻƤߡ
Ƥǳڽ϶Ƥ֣֮֮ǰƤǼƲҼүӸκˣжǰЩʱգϵƤţƤߣǴϾͲܹϳˡѦСߵ
ƤţɾһǽТżң
ǼҡѦСߵ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ТżƤӰľռѾʧˣʵǼֶαƤߣΩΩФﵽԼĳ̶ȡ


1018 жǰ׼
˵߽⼸֮꣬Ѿв˶ʶңûмңҲв˼ҵƬһصǸû˵ϴȥ³ʱѧƬ˳һţ˧ûѵȥǲҪ鷳ǿ϶ģһصһҿ϶ϳ
ѦС߸Ƥߣ϶ǴĽǱ¶ķգ˵һܺõ
˵ƤŶû֪ĿʲôΪÿμˣỻһŲһκ˿Ƕֽŵģűʮ档
ѦСǼҽңβˣԵһõĺܣԴǷḻͱ£ҲѦС߽ܸʶġ
ڲܸһȥ֮أѦСҲͦζģԽ㣬ҲĲУһȫΪҵԵʲ˳ǰġ
֮УǵϾȷ׼һ£ҹʱ͵͵뿪ϳǡ
ȣںȾƵʱҾѾǿһ绰һֵԽҰǿڸķˮϳ·ӺҰ˵ʲô¶˵֮ǰܸҸ㵽ɶı֤ûɶ⡣
ȹ˾֮Ǽ˶Щκϣ˱㽫Ƥ߰ѦС˵Ĳϡ
ѦС˵Ƥһ²ժûɶģùһ֮Һһʱ䣬ƤߵԣԺ󻹿á
³зֶǻһҲһƤߣƤЩƤһȣǲһЩ
ƤһţֻѾãһصЩǰùüˡ
ЩƤҾͻǸŮ˺أҲǿ󣬵ҵڶûݣҲ֪ʱټһ棬˵Ҳо֮ġ
˷ֱƤߣƤ߿ŶַͨڴԲ࿴һ۵ˣûбʶȡ
ҪЧԽ͵Խȫ
ҿȥһʮ꣬ĺһ㡣
Ҳˣֵһ˵ǣѦС߻ŪһͷףֱӸϣȥǻһһ
Ҳһأһȥ΢һˣϻƲСӣǳһǣС۾ϻмӣȥԵЩթС
װ֮ҾһֽҰһк˵ǳȥ¶ЩҾżңĸҲѾϰˣ˺ܶ࣬ܶЩ¶Ҳûиʡǵġ
ҵ飬Ҳ಻ʣֻҪÿζܹȫĻصǱᰲġ
ȻÿһγȥҶȷܻܲŻ
˵ǸøŮҪǹˣҲивǣ
ֻǣڻû˼ǣ̫࣬ҲŲʲô
ֽ֮ȺСǵһߵģһҰֵ·λƵľͳСڸһƵ궩˷֮󣬲ŸǴ绰֪ͨＯϡ
֮ǵϳǻһص̽ӣǼҿ϶֮أ˵ҵһжһص̽òСġ
ԴǴԷǼ֮Ҿ͸С
֮Ļкɽӵ֪ͨȺ˱ݸһϣѦСֱӴһ˺Ҷȡ
ǴҼѾҹˣȵҲе࣬˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ϵһս壬һص֤һ·ʲô鷳Ҳóһǹ
¶սһصĴ쵼˵ʲô¶׵ľʹӦ
Ҳûиս棬ǽ͵˱ݵǰ̨ȥõġ
ʱ򣬸ǿ͸Ҵ˵绰˵Ѿˣ󶼿ȥᳵ
ҴƤ߾ͳ˱ݣ򳵵˸ǿԼõĵطһϾɵĹԱߣһʱ򣬸ǿûϳһҵܹģôӣҲûиĽֻͣ˵ȥЩҪ졣
ǿҲ֪ҾЩʲôһˣ֪ҲԸ˵Ҳûʡ
ǿҵһԽҰܰ߰˳£ҶԳҲûɶоܿͺá
ұ˶ǮֱӸǮǿ˵ã˵⳵ǰĳڳüˣһ仰飬ͺãҲû¶
˵;ǸҪóɡ


1019 󷹵
ǿæҡͷ˵СŸ磬Ұ¶ģҿ϶˵Ҫõġ
ŷѳǮǿأһ˵ĳҲˡ
֮䣬Ҳûɶÿģöˡ
֮ұ㿪ֱӵ˱ݵĺԺ·һ̳һЩ·ҪõĶᵽ˳ϣǬ˱֮Сص֮һֱĵȵ˺ҹ˳ĵ뿪ϳǣŸʻ˹ȥ
һ޷죬ҸоӦò˷ǵ١
Ͼ˶һѾСĵСĵĵزˣ⻹ܱ˸Ҳûˡ
˸֮ȫǰһĳ滹еϵͳ
ҪȥĿĵأһеĵط֮󣬲ǵɽɽĽ£µвҩɽѩȻҪѰĶҪɽѩܶ࣬ǼƷĽѩ
ֻеɽ£ɲܸݵصķˮֺѩֵܳĴ巽λҲ˵ûκأҪҵⶫҲǺ׵顣
·Ϸ¶죬㵽˱ʡ·ϣ˽̲飬Ҹ˼ʻ֤ǲϸٵģʻ֤ϵҲҺսҵص֤˴æһ·ϵҲͨ衣
ֻǵ֮޷ƿˣȻĿʮ£ǺʱῴȺҰɽ֮䱼ۣԽߣɫӵĵ·һ޼ʵμصʱĴǰããһƬɫͿʼĵˣһֻֿŶįĸо
պܴҲƯżɳоӶܴ
ĻĮ·һ˶żܹһǵҰ֮УоҲһʮ顣
ʱĿҲ˸оƣʱܻһһȻզأҲÿһǿ˹Ūһ³
ڵڶϰ˾ŵӵʱһ˼ңһڷڣڹÿЪųԷ
һ죬ۿĿĵҲԶˣǴͣ³ӣһȺڶһټ·
Ŷٹﶼạ̊́ͻȻ俴һŵƵĵطﶼʮá
ֵطͻȻ˼Ҹоȿèϡ档
ǽͣưܵĴԺ棬̧ͷһطһƣм޺ŪĴ֡󷹵ꡱһԺҲͣ˼ŶͦƵġ
һƤӦǸͣûãܻðź̶Ƥĺ˲ʡ
Ÿ·ƣĺܣطҹ²ܴܶˣ·ϵҲ̫ãʵǲ˸·
Ҫܻˮģϴˮͺˡ
˵ţȴСӣͱ¶ˣɺμأпںȵˮͲˣ㻹ϴ裬Ǹܵġ
˳ɨһۣȻС˵˵طǼҺڵɣⷽԲɶˣɱˣʬһ˭ҲҲֻźŶûУ˭Ҳܱǣ
ɺٺһЦ˵Сӿɣ㲻˾Ѿܺˣ˭б㣿߰ɣǽȥơ
˵ţɱ˲ӣ󷹵˽ȥ
Ŀռ䲻һȥһڷżͺӣȫǳʡ
һȥ֮ȾͿһΧԲ֮ϣһ֣һӣȥʮִֿ
һݣЩԲԵ˾תͷ߿˹ʮҺͻдʱѾϢɵ󣬸Сһ㡣
Ҳ߽ö꣬ḻ֮󣬾ͿĸǼЦһ£ȻԱߵ
ղţһݵʱҺͻоͿʼĵĴ⼸ˣԵľܹоЩ˶ߣΪͣȻҲܹо
˵İ඼˵Ĵ磬Ϣûбߵݡ
֮ԱϵһӱӣЩͷĴ˵ﻹûдģүǶˣҲû˹дһ£껹ˣ
ˡһﴫ˳˳ķȥһƣһȥԼжʮŮ˳


1020 ֦
Ů˳мɫһͷ̷źܸһΧȹ֣һ߳Ŵ˳ŮһĻһͷȥʮңͷףãЩͣһơ
Ů˳Ǽȥͷ㳯˹
λˣҪʲôղæûλ˹ŮЦߵǼ󺺵Աߣǿ˵
ǸӻԹԣһŮ˳ǶʱһĨ΢Ц
Աߵ༸ˣŮ˵ıҲЩɫԵġ
˵ϰҲһɫЩһܸҵĸоЩ·ҪûпŮˣŻı֡
˵䣬ǸŮ˱㽫һ˵ݸӣӿûֵ˵ˣҲˣүǮͼõľƲ˸һˣоͳɡ
ϣԵһϾ͸˵ţŮתҪߡ
ʱԱߵһһкͷ͵ĴһסŮ˵֣ɫԵ˵˵ϰٸһ¶סĵطûУ
ŮϵЦʱʧˣһ£Ҫ첲ѳϣǵк־ܴ󣬲ûѿס˰۵С֣һŮ˶ʱߺҪ˵ЩʲôѾߵߵǸͷæ˵˵·ĿˣصҶϱҶӻͷأҪԷסдǣҪ¶
ͷı࣬ǼһĹŮһ֣ź˹ȥ
ǵкҪλϵһ˵¶ʵ
ǵкƺ⵶㲻ٷˡ
ʱͷſǣ˵λˣԵɶ
ҽӹ˲˵ɨһۣ˵ϵļ۸ȷʵͦ󣬱ЩطҪüҲ˵ùȥããܶʶҪӼĵط˹۸Ͽ϶ҪһЩ
Ҽ˼˵һ£ҪƿصľƣͷŲ˵ۻݡ
ͷһߣһ˵ӱЦ˵˵СǳĻҪܸ۸缸ůůͺˣģطҲûɶֻ
˵ĲСǳԣҪ
ǵкѻ˵꣬е̵ļһһۣ˵ǱˣǸģҪ֦طҪûеͣ˭￪һ꣬ǼǲǱ¿ˣ
һ˵Ǽӱ㲻ˡ
Żûϲ˵ǵͻȻתͷߣһ֣λƼˮ̵꣬ĵطᣬԵ֣ǴһһȺȾƣ죬񲻿
Ҫ̵һǽ˵磬Ǽ˶˵Ĵ磬Ҳû㱩¶ݣǿڣϽӱ֣˵˿ˡǶˣͲ߶ˣһ绹Ҫ·Һ̫ơ
ǵ΢΢һЦƺݣȻǸɶġ
˵һǲݸ壬˵ļٻԼţ˵ǼǸ㹤̵ģ˶ǹ̹滮ʦȥ·֧Ԯҽ衣
ǵһʱֳһ°Ȼӣ޲ڵѽԭλдѧʵˣôԶۣܿˡ
˵ţǵ֡
˵֣Ҫ̽һǵǲߣЩʱҪεԼϢĻǿģֻҪգܹ׵ĸо
Ҫ֣ҺѦС߶Щ
ɿȴһҲԵûţæǵ֡
һգ˿ǵƺûзʲôܿ죬תң
Ҳ֪Ǻʱͷߺһٵĳ˹öһ̲ˣæ˸˹ƽһЩŪֶǡ
Σֽ˻Уû뵽ǣСӰĸͻȻһ磬æס죬űݶ˳кҵֲһ£Ҫȥץǵ֣һȥһЦǺǵ˵һһᡭѽط̫ˣյ͸ðˣ治˼
ǵһɫ򻨺е˻ȥǺЦУλȺţһϵҹλֵܾơ


1021 ɶ廢
˵䣬ǵֻصǵϣСĸΧǼ˵ЩʲôǼתͷ߿һۣЩ֮⡣
Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣǵû̽һߣܴһЩ䲻⣬ϼһ㡣
ĹǵĲҲ½½Ķڼ䣬ԭŮ˸ļϲ˵ģֻǼ󺺺۾ܳǸŮɨɨȥһǵк͵ļһϵϷǸŮˣûʲô񣬶ӵʱ򣬳ûͣŮ˵֣ŮԵüΪˣԸΪͷϲˣŮǶ˲ˡ
Ǽ˿ɶʵˣֻ˵ͷԷøļ󺺺ǲˬһֱ֡
һһֱûгԹһһ̻ʣҲ˲پơ
˾ҲܺãŪĶܴʱϺǻȭ
ҲͳаСʱĹ⾰Ǳ߾Ѿȥ˺üƿ׾ƣһ϶ȵĺ˵ģȻЩ⡣
һһȵֱЬǿ˽Ѿӡ
ζôˣҲ֪೤ʱûϴˣ۾
ǳԱ㣬ϰ֪һ䷿˴պһݣһ·
ҪͷʱͻȻ䣬ӴһãͻȻ˵˵磬˵ǽѩôа˵ǶΪ٣ΰٲĸôɮƵģҾͻˡ
Ҫ뿪ˣһ˵ˡѩĸ֣סһӱ㽩
ɸʹһɫʾⲻҪţ˾Ʊ˵֧Ԯҽ裬ഺǧҵΪٲʢǸһ
Һͻ˾Ʊһ£һȥ
۽ǵ⿴һ۸ϵˣǵһֵۣһۣȵ϶ܱܲʲôͺ࣬ŲŰ˺ų죡
кԱߵһӻͷһۣٺЦ˵磬Ҳ̫һЩʺĵط¸ֲֵܼǳصģ͸˵˵ѩǸʲôǴԶĴɶܵƵطΪ˸⼸ܲɶ֪ɣ
˵յ˶װûɵϲ˵ŴĽ裬źΰͼĭӺɣҺͻͷ󣬲ҲװţǸĻϹƤ
Ǳߵ˿ǸûС˵ѩأĵرѵһѵõҩÿɴȥˣǶΪ٣֢ɽѩǼӦö֪ɣѾһʮҩˣѩҪǼƷɽѩҪٱѩ˵Ҳһ֣һֽ󸣬һֽѩһ𣬲ܽѩǸǧɽονˣǸѩһȣǾͲԶˣⶫǼֵҪǸ㵽֣óȥˣÿ˳ԺȺüӶ÷
һ˵Ǽһ۾һĦȭơ
ǵк˷ܵ˵ҵĸԣ¶žͿףȻǴԶˣⶫ϶Ҫ㵽֣ĸҪǸҸɶ廢ֱӾ
ԣһҪŪ֡ǴҲ
һһֱû˵ɫ˵磬ϢԴɿ𣿱죬ɶûҵ˸ˣˡ
ģϢܿɿڰ֮ǰѾˣ˵½ѩȻҪɽ˶׼ˣҲҪǽѩ
磬ɽ˶ˣǻʲô˵ɽ˿ɽ֮һɽʦˣǽһһҲ˵Ķ֣ҿǻЪ˰ɡǵкЩͷɥ˵
ôĻ䰡˾˵ûжǰһˣǶ϶˭ҵ˭ģһɽĴϣܸɣҪЦǵЩ˵
˵ļǣһ͸Ͻ֣ɲñ˸ȵˣֻҪû˭ǰʹг˵
ɱô˵ѩģɲֹһ֣˵ͷʢɱħҲҪ˵ѩϢǴǱߴġ


1022 
ǵȻҸ˵˳һε
ΪĵڻǷˣǸԷһص̽ӣǽǵٸˣһѩһصˣϢһɢŪ½֪Ȳһص˳棬ŷĸ·ҲΪͷۡ
⼸˻˵ɽʦҲ֣¶ɾˡ
ɽéɽɽɽȵȣǵµĶţһϼĸֳǼһġ
ǽ֪һ֣Ҫѩĸֿ϶ֹһ˵һصҲ˹Ūһϡ
һʼǶ¶ͦѣǵ֮еʱ򣬲֪Զеĸѡ
һʱЩһҵľƱҲŷӦ
ʱ򣬸ϵǼٴ۷׷
ǵкһ˵ҿ˵ˣѵĺܣǽðһһһĸ֣СȻʱ䲻żĹ⾰ɳЩ飬ÿһó𾪽Ĵ£Ҳǳʮʬţݺ˰ʬ֣СӵϡС̫ôˣ³һصķֶ棬ǱСӸһٲƽģɱ飬һɱˣҸȫʬ˱һص˳֮Ϊɱħǰʱ䣬һ˵СӻһصȸϸɱˣǼһȸΪڽ֮Ҳָģɽ˲ȥƻп֮ϣǸȥǽѩǲ𣿡
һЩ˵˵ô־ǵ磿ҲôֻһëͷСӣëûأǳ콭ʱСӹƻûأ˵ˣЩ̳ҲСһģүүصĸ߹٣ŵˣҲкְܶţƾһˣ粻֪ˡ
˵磬ɲΪߵͿɲվ˭ʸϾ˭ؼÿֺѧʲô£Ǽϵһը죬ѧԨԴĲ˵³зֶ汻ʱҿ˵һˣһɱ˶ٶһصĺ֣ü³Ķˮ߶֣汾µġǵкЩµ˵
˵ôǲǺˣҪ˾ڻȥüʱһŵôӣֵǿɶˣ˵
϶ôʲô˼кʱŭһӣһվӣϵӶϸߣһ͸ɵģ
ôͣһûӰӵ飬ԼȴҪˣˣǵ˵һ䣬ԭŵ˶ʱͣȫȥ
ȷǲߣǹҲŵĹʦŸ˴ֵЩ飬ȫûнǷ
˹ҲǵĵŰˣŻЩĿˡ
ǽĻǾñûбҪȥˣôţҲǱߵ˻ɡ
ɱкͷóǧǮ˷ǰͷǰһס
ǰɻǵ˴кǵȴû֮ǰĿֻ΢΢һͷ
˱㾶ֱ󷹵Ķ¥һߵķ档
Ŵ
һصбЦаСţûСڽϵͷȻôˣɽ˶챻ȥˣУ
ҸҪ죬ʱСһ˵˵СһСĸǽж˵طסˣطȱ𴦣Բﶼụ̂ӣǻСΪ
˵ţת˼Ȧ߶߶һǽǴԷһЩǣһ򵥵ĸ̸㲻ᱻˡ
Ҫ˵Сģ߽޾ϸһ;̤ʵ
Ū֮ȫһɿһۣ˵ղŵĻҲˣѩܶ཭˶õϢѩĸҪ٣˺ܴѣǱҪıһ£һȫ߲֮УӲɣǿ϶Щ˵Ķ֡
ϸ磬ѩ㲻аҵһߣȵǣɽͷתˣõѩˣ֪дֵĵ


1023 Ѫ
ɺȻҡҡͷ˵֮ǰϢûɢȥһж˵ֻڲˣΪҵǽѩ¼ϷһǾʹشˣʿǺܶģϷ֪һеˣרѰĵرмң۷ѲɽûбΧתһȦȻءʿ̫ˣɲСӢۡ
ϸ˼ǣѩһ˭ô཭һ۹Ǵո֡ЩƵ˵
Ҳ˭ѩұŪ֣־ڱصãغǼүӵ˭Ҿ͸˭ƴҳ
ôҪɽŪ֣ܸƴɽɲһصǱһӴţҲˣҲ˵ЩƤһ飬Ҳһֻȭͷģ¶ǲӲһҪȡʱҰţǼ£ӲģֻĴ㣬Ȳѣܱ¶Լݡɳ
ڴǰ磬ãջûʲôüĿ
ΪڵһжʣҲ˵ڲ֪ǽѩľڣ֪жٸֹѩҲֻܼ¡
ţɫѾ˾Ʊ㣬ҲЩˣ£һ·
ұ۾Щ˯ţġ
һûûΣһͷ˯ı˭㡣
ԺĿҪ˯ŵʱͻȻһЩиŮڷصѹŵĿ
ֹƬ̣ͻȻһ죬ǲѵֵĶͦ
һ˲䣬ȫ
⶯ǴǶ¥Զĳһ䴫ġ
ȱ˶¥սǴĴһ¥ĴԺȥһ¥ĴԺ֮д˿Ѿվźüˣȱ㿴󷹵ǸϰЩ˯£ѩ׵İ¶˺ôһ飬վһİӵı󣬶İһѴѪĲ˵һŭݵĿһѪĳӵĴ󺺡
ûãһǼȺ˳һһŮΧм䡣
ô¶壬ôŪɨһϻѪĴ󺺣۾ʵ
Ǹåҹҷ˺ҵ·Ҫ̣ˡءϰһָǸѪӣһ߿޿˵
һŮ˵ǵ֮⣬ļȫôЦǵкָź󱳻ѪֹӼ尡壬û뵽Ǽ˶ǶƤӣСӾȻ͵͵ģô尡
ҲݣӾСˣˣ𾢶أǼһʹӱһֿǹݵİһһ߿ǿ޿ϰСӣ޸ɶֲǲǮӸһΣֲٿ⣬Ǯ㿪۾ˣαضǹأ
һֱվŮǰ˻˲õ㣬һҪɱ㣡
˵ţеĲ˵Ǳϱ˵ɱ˹ȥ
ӺȻһЦһ֣ͻȻһѶ̵ӭǷŭӾͳ˹ȥ
˲ʹһţĸΧԱ߿֣ûҪֵ˼˵Цֻϰﱧżں֮ɪɪ
ͻȻ۾С˵ҿϰҪԿ⼸˶ǽ֣ʮУӱذܣҪҪȥæ
𡭡ǲܱ¶Σ˵ֶȥҲһܹ㶨ǡڱ
۾һŲ˵ӴҲЩ·еĲ˵趯ѩƬһ㣬磬ȻҲǸߣȴһѺ֣һʼֻضԵʮɣԼʮ֮ͻȻһţһӵĶϣƺһ˳ȥˤڵϾû
ϰæ޺һơû¶ɡ
˵ţֽӴӵϲ
㾰Ǽ󺺷һǵЦ
һе֣ݣȻ˼һץסϰĸ첲ֻáһϰ¶һ飬¶һƬѩףΧǼӶ˳
Ҫһʱ򣬵һﴫ˳
ס֣


1024 Ľ
³ͬ״ӵǼδ󺺻һֹסЦһɫӰԵЩ͵ӰͻȻڳ֮С
ˣǸϲ˵ͷһ棬һƾͳץסϱǸ󺺵ȥǴ󺺱ϾҲǸ֣Ӧ˹æһֻ֣ӭͷ˹ȥ
˵˲Ժһ𣬷žһ죬һΣȻͷһķ˳ȥԶŹ˵ϣòײ
һ̣ͷһްѾɵ˵Ů˵ϣǰһ˵ǶҹﲻҰĵطҪȻϷǲˣ
̫ǣղڳϴ룬˳Ҳڣ۸Ҫҷֵļʱͱóˣ
ǸвƵСվſ޿ǸŮˣһŭ˵
ǹɣﲻӭǣͷûӵķŭֱӶԵ˵
ʱǵкǰһЦһ˵ѽûʺĵطһԻ֮أһӵͷǸ֣ɽҰ룬ҹģߣǲЩ̫صˣ붳Ǹ缸զأ
ϷɱѾǸ⿪ˣϷûз֮ǰϽ뿪
˵Уͷһ֣ͻȻһѺĳָǰˡ
Ǽ󺺶һۣЦȺ֮վ˳һŴӵļһһı飬˵ͷ㵱ŴĲɣҪǲأ
ͷ˵ֻĿǣϵƶȻеĳأԷˡ죬ɱˡ
ԷȻҲǻ켣֣ûбͷϵƸסǵкЦ˵ҲɣĽϱ׳Ǹ缸ֺֺǣǼһɲܰװ㿴ϵѪģ̫ôˡ
ɳȥҲվӣϵ˵˵ļǣһܰװ뽫Ů˸׳ҪȻ¶û꣡
ģӸƴˣǸвƵСѾŭȫͷԣֱ˲˵ͳǰǼ˹ȥ
ֻǸû㱻ͷһѸץס˸첲˻˵ƣŴȻصЩ˾ͽˣûҵķԸ˭ܳ
ҡ
Ȳưѻ˵꣬ͷĻŲݾܾϡ
ǸвƵСס˴֣߷ߵĿһˣתͳ˽ȥ
Сˣ߰ǵкһˣԸ⣬Ჽǰ־ҪٴȥץŮˣͷᲽǰס˵кȥ·еĳ磬ৡӾͳǵкϴ˹ȥǵкѾ˷ǵʱ򣬷ؿڵ·ѾһƬ鲼ӭչë¶˳
ǵк󾪣˲ͳһŵ亹
վڴڿֵˣҲͷĽסˡ
ÿĽþĽͷǸ˰
ƭɶ廢Ҳһƭˡ
ʱһֱû˵ĵվ˳һ֣һƬͷ˵ɶ廢߽꣬ûе棬ҵˣѪҪǲһ˵ǾԲưոݵģ
ǵĲȣҸŮѵһҲӦõģٸһᣬϽ뿪ҪȻϷһҪɱˣ
ͷΪͦߣղŶԸǵкʱȻҲ֣ҪȻкͳһʬ塣
ֻҲףΪͷһǫãЩʹɱأ
ЩȻûһöϧ
ղһ֮£ɱǵкȻǱߵʵ
Ǻãɶ廢һ¸µĸУְɣδ䣬ǵеĳһ֮㵽ͷǰȻһɽͷϿͷеĳһǳƿ
һ˲䣬ΧվŵǼҲûţ׷׽ϵķ˳ͷһϡ
⻹ǹҪģһȺֵĺӣȻ۸һͷ
վ߾ѾȥˣԵĻи۾ݲɳӣָͷ߬Ŀ졣
˲սһţͣͷƾеһѳһ˹ʮл·硭


1025 һڱ
ǵ˵ܹ⼸֮ڶ̵ĵطһҷ꣬Ҫû汾£滹ס棬ͷһ֣չֳʮǿʵһ˶Ը֣Ҳܹࡣ
ǰѳ趯̧֮ͬ価Դҷ緶תۼ˱ͷĽˣϱ˼ӡ
ѹƴûгãɶ廢˻ǵŭһһ±ǣϾȻ˻ƺëԴҲͬëһϻԴֻϵĵɴڡ
ȻŪ㾰󣬻һ֪ʲôϡֶΡ
ȴС˵һֶΣϷûĻСӦһֻĻ
ǵһ֮һֱӳͷ˹ȥٶѸ磬һȥͷϾͱ˼ӣѪ죬һΣЩվȣеĳмŲϳĸַ
ͷڵ֮󣬺ܿ촦ƣһֶ˼غϣϵ˾Ͷ˺üѪ죬ǶΪͷһ亹
ҪѹҺͻУͳ˳ȥֻǻнҪϣܼľͱ¶Ŀ꣬ʱһѵľء
顱һ
ͷͻȻһؿѣӵ˳ȥеĳҲ˵ϣҲѪк͵СųҪȥͷԴ
аãҪֵʱ򣬵һѲ˵б˹ľͳǵп˹ȥ
ǸƵͻȻ˳лѲ˵
кԭҪͷϵĳı˷ϺһǰѴĲ˵˳ȥ
ҸƴˣһһѲ˵˫۳죬һҪƴļƣŵкɱ˹
ǵкһЦͷٵĸƹ˼УֻǲƵΪզأ֮󣬾ͱǵк߷ڵأеѲ˵Ҳ˳ȥ
ǵкһŲڲƵĺ֮ϣǲ޷ѡ
Сӣ㻹̫һЩ˵գкĳ;ƾҪǲƵԴ
ͷ˿Ѿ˸õ˲ϣ޿κΡ
ơҪǲɱǸдŮҲ޺Ŵ˳·ϻˤһӣվŲ߱
ǴߵǰӾһѳס˴ǴȻûʲôΪģֻһͨͨŮˣľס󺺵ľʱѲá
׽סʱ򣬻Ϻһѣʱһ˵Ц
ҪǲҪɱˡ޵滨һ㡣
ðҪǸ缸ǲܼ򵥣ֻҪӦǸ缸˯һǾǵĹкһ߲ŲƣһߴЦ
ҪݣҪڵ˵
ôʵǵкĳһ²ƵʱһѪӡӳϡ
СˣûУ״𲻴ӦӦĻӿҪˣ˵ţк;еĵƾҪŲƵϿȥ
ҪҡҴӦǡǲҪɱǴˣ޺
꣬ҺͻпıǿﶼҪˣֻ˵
մӦӾһѳ˴£ŻҪ·
ҲݣСɮˣ̫ôˣһһŽ¥Ĳߵķ飬һֱӴӴ˳ȥɶ廢˹ȥ
һжˣҿ϶Ҳûɶ˵ģֻӲͷƤˡ
ֻ߸һסҡ
զˣжȥˣҲĸϰЩȲ˵
ȵȵȣ˵仰Ҫֿԣ̫۵ⱻʶݣߣпܵĻЩȫɱһڱն˵
һΪɲȥأ˵ұ΢΢һЦ˵ϣ¶죬ıǣ
˵ţҲһƴȥ˵ϣ׷˻С
Һͻеĳ֣ʱɶ廢һ£ӵҲͣ
һʼ;Ǽ˲һôصĺôţ¶Ҳܹܣǵб۾ҺͻС
컯֮£ǬЩ޳֮ͽȻɥĹﻹ𣿡ǰһŭ˵


1026 Ʊо
Ҹɿһվ˻ԱߣС˵ⲻǹ컯գҲǬǻ̵Ĵ
һ㶣תͷһۣƵүģܲһ£
Щεվڻߣտڲԣ۾ȴɶ廢ÿ϶ɨһۣ¸һϵĞųȻһһ
һԼ֮ʵ࣬ܲܽһ˾
ǵѾָ֮ǰģеǰѳ˹סһڣƺûнǸ
룬֪վǰ˭ĻƱ㲻ˡ
ôϲµˣЩ֪ͷ࣬ٸһλĻᣬûзڹϸӿͷȻԶԶģһǵһݵӿһС
Ҳǰһ˵ɶСүҲһᣬȷˣȻ¸һڿͷȻԶԶģҲǲ
ǵʱŭɫǺ죬ϵĵӳĵĸеĳͳ˹
ǵֵһɲǼ䣬Ҳˣ̴߶ٰ˲˲ʧǵǰһٳֵʱѾЮͷǸߡ
ǳҪԴϿͻȻƾʧȥһ򣬻һȭͳŵؿ˹ȥ쳣͡
ǵǸ֣ǧһ֮ʣҲ˹ȥסһ¡
˼ǣͷϵһȫעĿ뵶ŵľ󣬵ٰ˲һֶܵγʱ˾ȻûзӦ
ǻɶÿģҶ˵˫ֱ׳ĺ֮ϣҿóȫǱҪǵȥģһͷŸоΣգҵ˫Ǻϵʱ򣬷ǻļⶼţȻΣʱΪ򵥵ķ
ƺûʲôá
һһ׳ֱӱķ˳ȥӾһ˵ϣȫѪҲˡ
£ܹȫһƶ˵˻治࣬Ȼܡ
ķ˳ȥ֮ͷڵԽѣվһ±ƵɫȻ㲻ʲô֪ΪҪְǡ
ͷ֮ƺ˵ЩʲôлĻǲڣһٴα˵ߣһһƣȫǵϣʱ˵ԴĳһŽѪĲͷˡ
ͻȻ͵Ϯһɱ˶Է֣ɸŻһش
ڶԷ֪ҵϸ֮£͵Ϯõİ취һó֮Ǳ߱ȻõĻû֮ǰǰʹˡ
˵ʵһֶζһǻ켣ˣҲٰ˲͵ϮĻӲп϶Ҫһ£ֱ˶ϣ򵥴ֱ
ġ壡
Ʊ֮ǵкʱһһѴ󵶾ͳҳ˹
Ҽ˵ɱļһڵϵĳҪȥǵкƴʱͷһһѽӭҵǰ˵лλȣл˽ˣȥʰʣµһ
ûеһѳǵսĻС
ǶԼĿұ죬Ҫң콣ͭǮõĴ̫ˣ֮Ϻܶ˶֪Ȼóá
¾ЩǲȫһĻ֪ǵݣкܴ鷳
ûгֵıУһѽҶĳУǵƴһʱ£Ȼ˵УֻǵѲ
ɶ廢ʣвסһͷס˵кһЮִֵĿҡ
һҾɱ˶ԷˣŻˣҿæеĳŮ˵ĲϣвϿѵ£ҪȻҾɱŮˣ
вңеǰѳЦĳ˹ȥ
ӸӻˣæֵûУѵ£ҪȻɱСǣ
˵ţӱ㽫ŮӰ۵ĲӣһѪӡ
ȻϣŮҲܾвЦһ˵ɱɱ£Ů˸ëϵ


1027 þ
һ£ƺͨʲô
ǰŮ˵ȷʵһϵûУҪʲôϵĻֻǸһٷǻǸǮ˵ġ
һ֮һѾͽǴƵһԣһͳɱȻҪƴˡ
ҲţᵶϣӶһš
кӡ˵Ӧ϶Էʱǻ֮ƺһʱʵǺܲģеǰѳˣģƴһһʽ䶼͵ɱӭ⵶Ӧǵõ洫ưһ㣬Ƶܲ͸磬ʱûпɳ֮
Ҹһƴ˼ʮغϣҶûʩչԼĿұ죬ǡϴϼصéɽԪȭʽ˶ԵУݵʱڣʱֲʤ
˴ŴţԶսȦֱӴԺҲҹ⽫˸ġ
һ֮ұ㲻ˣеǰѳʹ콣ĵһʽɨǧ
һɫĵǳ֮籡Ӿʹ˹ȥ
˵ⳤȻҲһҵĽһȾͲ࣬ҲûǿΪ֧ţֻƾΪһиʹ
ˣһɫĵӵ֮ϱҲһæӵȥͦ׼һնɫĵ֮ϡ
ֻáǲһеĳӦϡ
Ӷ̵𾪵зӦҽһл㾦Ǽһ˹ȥ
һΣ֮ͻȻǼСһɫĹӭӵؿڶȥ
֮࣬ˣֻеĶ̵ط
顱һ죬ӵĶϵٴӦѣҲһƺߣ󵹷˳ȥ
ҷؿڱǵɫĹһѪѪ䡣
ֻ⵶Уûǵɫ͸ȴҲ˵Ĳᡣ
һ̣ٴʩչٰ˲ֶΣӵߣеĵͳĲϿȥ
ͷͻȻһȡ
ʹҾȻͣܺҪ˵ʲôʵ㻹ʲôҪģ
һֻŲѪ˿ڣ˵λүƼˮ꣬ûʲôޣҪɱɱġǸͷһϸ͵Ǹƨ˰ɡ
Ȼ˵˼ͷһҲǸƼˮ꣬ûΪǣдǳԺȣǷǼɫ⣬Ҫ̣˼ҹ⻹㣬ҪŵĽ࣬޳֮ͽɱɱˣǻʲô˵ģСүûǻᣬǲϧѣԹ𣿡
˵ţٴξеĳǺֱŲˣæֵүǺηʥϷСһأСıصشл̧֡һذɡ
֪˭ɭȻЦ
ӵ˵ͷҡҡͷ˵֪ˡ
ҴյĶߣС˵ҲգҾףҾǿ˵Ǹɱħ
˵ֵʱŵĻһӶ͹˳ɫһƬҰס
ʱеĳȻ£ֱӵĿѣȻһ£ӵʱһϡ顣
֮ʱӵжĿ־壬ԵĿ
ҳǰѲϵѪĳҪ۷ȥжԸǵʱͻȻһƶۻĻ֮Ȼһ죬ʲôײ˵
֮벻ãæųٵ۷ԺͿкͷѾԺǽȻȥ
ҿٵ׷˹ȥͿкͷһ׷ȥԶǵǰһСڵٵʧããĺҹ֮С
кͷǾ׷ˣЩͷɥ۷˻
զˣɶǣҴȥʵ
ǵˣСӼͬﶼˣͻȻ仯һͷ޴İͻײǽٶ̫ˣ׷ϡмΪƵ˵
׷Ͼͱ׷ˡɵͻȻ˹һеģ
ղҺͻжƴԼ¥Ͽ֣ϼһҲ̫صˡ
Ҳ˵æҪȻǵ̳ҲܲˡƵ
ȴٺһЦ˵ϷֻǸķӣɱɱ鲻ʺңСܹѣ˵þҲطϡ


1028 д²
ɾͳһ죬ղŻ˵Ҫ»ڣ˵СþҲ֪ľ仰ġ
˵ǵһֻ˲ͳһȻȣٶû˵֮׷ȥֻһСڵˣƾǼ׷϶׷ˡ
ǵһߣʱͷӣǸвƵ˻ϱǰ
ͷǳҾһ¶䵽˵ϣǽϳ˹ؿͷ֮ˡ
æǰһסͷĸ첲˵˼ңʹãôͣɱǵ١
ͷȴޱϵ˵лλʿȣҪȻһСѻӦϷһݡ
˵ţͷҪȴţûٰȥ
ȻͷȴתͷߵĶӺͶϱ˵˿ͷҪǣˡ
һԸոĿԧ͹ڵأͷǸвƵСһ߿ͷһ˵л˾Ƹмѡ
кҲ˹ȥһһӵϲ
ͷɨһԺļʬ壬Ȼλˣǵ˵ҹ˵ĵط
Ǽ˵˵ͷͷ˽ȥ
Ǵ֮УʱżյСݣղҳŷһۣǷһŵ̫ܰ壬Ƕ磬ҲͦȽ
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ɸһ£ʵϴ磬֮أӣѣ˶ӣΪηҪֵطأ
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ͷɵҲʣȻΪ˸ӺͶϱӲŵط˷ꡣ
ͷı²ʵҪ׬ǮĻֻҪĳȥǮ϶ǲģȻȴѡΪһ·ߣȻƷǲġ
ͷҲпǸ˵ļٻЩʲôҲöʡ
ɵ˵ͷ±ⶼӦõģ·ƽεҪǼҲ̫һЩʵЩȥˡ
λǺ˰֮û֪λܷ´ġͷʮϵ˵
⻰һʳڣٴһʱ䲻֪λشˡ
⣬ϲ⣬ȻǾһڣǲûǵĵϸʵ뽫
һҪСĲУŪҪһصˣһƣҪȡǵأ
Ҹо¶Ŀ̫ܲ
ô΢һԥͷ֪ǵ˼ǺһЦ˵Ȼλ˲͸¶ϷҲͲٶˣ߽ӦСһЩ
΢΢һЦһֵлϸ£Ǽȷʵв֮
ͷתͷһվԱߵĶӺͶϱ˵ˣ첻ˣǸϽȥЪŰɣҺͼλ˻лҪ˵
ǷӦһǿĺ˼䣬˵ЩлĻһ¥ȥ
ߺûãͷɫͻȻЩȻɫ˲˵ٻλֶй֮֮أҲΪǽѩɣ
ͷͻȻ˵ⷬǼ˶Ϊ֮һҵɫ
ͷ΢΢һЦ˵λҪ֣һ֮ڣÿ춼סϷĵ󲿷ֶǽˣϿɶŷأղŵɶ廢ҲΪǽѩ¶ѾˡλģಢûҪǽѩ˼ԼＸģɶ廢ǲҲڱУѩɲ˭ģд²С
ͷĻƺлҲǸˣ΢΢һЦûд𻰣Ƿʵϸ磬ôãǶ֪մأ㷽͸©һ£
ͷЦûʲô㲻ģΣТ壬Ҷӽβơ
ɵ˵ͷֵϸ˼ѩ˻٣ûʲôرûУ


1029 ɽ
ͷ۾һűĸûƼҲмڽ൱ʲôϹ֡˫ۣԼɽıƽ͡ˣһʮӦΪɵˣͽҲˡ
˵ͷ˵Щһû˵̫õԵʣǸʲôΪɵ˶û˵
ǣЩɺȫʶסĵͷɫ䣬û뵽һѩȻ˸·۾¿ˣŪùҪһȷѪꡣ
˵⻰ʱɻһۣ֮Щ֮ɫ
꣬Сүզôùأûһ˳ʱ򣬾ΪŪһѩȫ˶֪ˣôҡ
ڵҸطһ
ʱһԵĻһҵļС˵Сţ֪ǺҲ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵֪ȥɽҶͷһ˵
صһЦС˵Ҫ˵ˣǻܳϵϵ
ʲôϵһ㶣ʵ
ǰչʦ壬չүүˣǶΪɣչƺʦ岻ǺܶԸǰЩ죬˻ҹչ鷳ҪΪɵķ𾫳չǲһʹ
ҲȻһϵû뵽ҵͷȴţҪҪչһЩӣʱ˵ʱһҪֵĺܽ
ιûбҪˣչʦ岻ԸҺαҪʲôӡ
ذչʦӦΪܸߣӻһء
ּͷ
ͷ̾Ϣһ˵ѩδ¼챦һγֵڽаˣȻҪý˻Ѫɺ޷⣬˭һλҪǽѩ⣬ϷһȰǲҪȥ˻ˮˮأŪþ͵档
ɿһЦ˵лϸѣϸѩ֪ͦģǽûʲôèûУ
ͷ֮Ը˵ΪǾһСԵʣҲûʲôģƬ̣ʵѩϢһɢѾ𶯽ð˷ܻڴˣȴΪҪһ㣬Ǳɽ»һʮǿɣλһ˵Ǿɽɣɽɿˮ¥̨ȵ£ǵ֪Ϣ֮󣬿϶ǵһѰѩǿɽɸƣɽҲɽɵƽ̺˸һһĸ֣Ļѩ϶ҪɽɵУЩѩˣ޷ͽͰˣһᶼûС
ͷ˵ĺǾȻΪҪһ㣬ҲɽҲǵµĶţһҲѷɫéɽɽĴɣŽѩֵĵطô˼ҿ϶Źλᡣ
ҪǽѩǸɽΪУɽƣһϼĸֳܵҺͻУ꣬ô붼¶ףһԽԽˡ
֪Уž龹Ȼѣ˵˳ⳡǱȽǵѡ
ɲɫĿͷ˵ϸ磬ɽɿ϶ЩԨԴɣղõɽɵĽ
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ɿ԰û࣬ҵʱֻǾͷĽȴ֪ʲôɽ
ͷƬ̣ջǵ˵ͷ˵Ϸ֮ǰɽɵˣʦӺˣͲλ˵ˣʦţʮǰϷ㲻ɽˣԭǸɽƽ̺Щ̫Ը⺮ΪߣȴЩСۣϷҲһŭ֮±ɽĴƯҲãһۣ⼸ʮ궼ȥˡ
Ȼ֤ͷݣǾ˵ʲôһصˣҲȷȷʵʵһС㲩Ǽ˵ļΡ
һֱûô˵ңһ֣˵үӣຮ֮أΪѰҽѩڱصãΪҼؼⶫȥ󲻵ãү֪һЩڽѩߴͽ̣¸м


1030 ֪ͼ
ͷ̧ͷһۣƺʲô˵ֹӣջεҡҡͷ˵СӣϷԭǾϻ˻ˮܲ˾ͱˣˮ̫ˣòУǼΪȻܸߣǸЩȣǲ˺ܶ࣬ǹȥ޷Ǿǳ䵱ڻҵģ󣬺пܽѩû̵ὫСȥϷ˵ȽֱҲǿڼλϷһСķݶϲ棬ʲôĵطൣ
жôգǼ˶֪
¶ǿ϶ģɺͻȻҲ֪ҵ˼˲ţԼ϶ҲҪȥġ
ɿһۣͷлϸѣеҲף֮ǰҲԤϹһǾһҪѩŪֵģΪȷΪ˾ãòգģǱ˲ˡ
ͷ̾Ϣһ˵ѩȷǸö˶Ҫõⶫ޷Ǿԭ򣬵һѩȷܹ˵Ϊһµľ磬ЩнĴѾվڶˣȴҪõѩҪﵽһµо磬пܳɾ͵ɹλĩʱѾһٶ궼ûгֳֵˣԲŻڶඥ
ڶһѩõ֣ǿ޼֮󲿷ֽŷǿѩļֵ˭ҪǵõȻٳԳԺȼӲ߷ղи˭һӡ
أλ뷨Ǽ˵ؼҩҽҪѩã˺٣ٷ֮һ󲿷ֻΪ׷飬Ϸȫ⣬ֻǣһȥҲ̫ˣɹļ̫ã
ͷ˵ѩ˻Ͼ⼸ԭ
Щнжĸ֣ҲΪ˽Žѩﵽһµĸߵľ硣
ǼȻɣǴ󲿷ֹԴéɽ
ҲǰéɽˣүǱϴйڶԵҴеļء
ҵɵ֣ȷֿ˹ɡ˵ĽޣΪߣҲߣҲ˿ΪҲΪɡ겻ޣ⣬Ϊ֪֮ʥʶΪҲ
Щ˼ǣǽڹ֮䣬ΪҲܹɡ
õɣǺܶһӵ׷ɣ˶Σϣܹ٣޼ա
ȷķֳɵľ硣
һǹɣߣ֮һҲҲ͵ȵһɣгѣգɽ䲻ֻأѷ季飬ֻһ̥ѡ
Ҳ˵Ҳֻһ壬ǿһڡ
ڶɣ̣ס֮ˣ֮ΪɡҸүүģһټʮ껹ö˶˵ģѾ־磬Ҳһ̡
ǵɣߣ֮ţ֣֮ó½֮Ϊɳ֮гߣֵҪɽΪһ壬ΪһػһҺҲмʶͱéɽλãƱһɣòƸүӡ
ΪɣΪɡ
ЩˣҸоЩʵʣӦøүضүǰ㣬ܵ˾Ĵڡ
ɾ͸ýˣĸ̫Ͼȡ
ûеģ˭֪ء
ǰ֣Ϊһߣȷϵ֮ڣҲ඼
˵ҵ־򲢲ԶҲɳ񣬾밲ֵַĹӣȡѩ޷ǾҪүβĸû
ͷ˵µգһȰǲҪȥȴ޷ǴͷҲֻա
һ֣˵Ȼϸ粻ָ·ֻԼȥˣȵ֮Ǳ뿪˴ֱɽ¡
ͷɫصĿɣֱַһҺͻУȴվһ֮󣬲һӣȻ˰ˡȻִҪȥǽѩϷͰһæ֮أϷ˼ʮ꣬ĲУǴ·Ӧò⣬һ˰ɡ
ϸ磬̫գͲҪȥˣһĸһǼҲⲻȥ˵Щ飬Ѿҵǳˡϵ˵
֪ӦͼҪλһˣôˣϷһ⣡


1031 ̸ֻ鲻̸Ǯ
ͷĻܼд˾ٶȫǵ֮⡣
ΪͷһʼȲ֧ȥǽѩھȻҪһȥ仯Ҳ̫һЩ
һЩĵ˵ϲˣһȥ֣ŪýСôȥȻһСȴûҪһȥðգҲûϣû
ͷȴҡҡͷ˵ǷģֻǸǴ·ûдӦͱ֤ܹҵѩܲܵõǶͿǵ컯ֻǰæˣ˴ǹȥ֮Ϸ۷Ҳһġ
ǡЩɵ˵ղɶ廢ϴˣ˵㽫ӺͶϱ²̫ȫɣ
ҲòˣһҾǸϽ뿪ȥ֮سǶܣǵطйٷڣСӴ˻ҲĿŵΣ¶ôˣϷȥ͵ǱˡͷòɵĿ˵
˱˴˿һۣж˾˵ʵ֮ǲϤͷ֮ش˼ʮ꣬۾·ôߣڣѰҽѩĪİǸ֮ϲΨһЩ׵ǣͷһƾ˶Щ˵ȥˡ
ҳƬ̣˵ôŰɣǹȥҲæһǴĿĵ֮ɹҶһĳͣһСҲ֮عˣɺã
ֻ۽飬̸ǮΪǮĻ͸˴·ˣ˲壬Ǳ֣ôˣҴλȥǡүԴǵ˵
ˣҲֻˡ
ңһ¶Ͷһǰ߽ɽ¡
ȥ֮ǰһ˽ɶ廢µľʬ
ĺ棬Һͻ˺ôһӣͷɽʬ̧˹ֱӶ˿
ڽƮܲ
ɶ廢ȻҲʲô࣬һƬҲΪ֮
֮ɱɱйزһ㶼ȥۣȦҲ̫ࡣ
ȴһأƽʱ֮ôƴɣ˶ܣڽԹһ㣬Ǳǲܶͨϰ֣һ˶ص˾׷ҲŹǡ
ҲǸɵĻƣǼæ꣬ⶼѾˡ
ͷĶӺͶϱ֮ͷǶһֱӿһ뿪󷹵ꡣ
һʼβƻЩҪȥģͷȴûи˵ҲΪá
˺ųӾˡ
֮ҲǵԽҰ뿪˴˴һͰͣ·ϲá
֮ǰʱѾй飬ĿĵرǽһеĵطԴˣͷҲûʲô飬˵ǵطɽܽˣﲹһ£
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ط·ߣƵ˸оѾˡ
һʼããμأȻ·˸̲ɳأģΧɫͱĶ·;С
ߵһƬӲɽʱͷ˵ѾɽǰĸСʱܹ˵Ǹط
ͷȴرһ飬˵طɽ߻ʵԶЩģֳܻˣҲǴٵģٳֹĳи׼
¶ҺͻжòЩЦٷҪģ϶ǵ˰˱ѪùˣǲǾѾܺˣԣ¶Һͻжûзϡ
ȫٿ˴СʱĹǾ˻ɽ·ϣڻɽ·ƣ£һ˼ûжõ˵һСս˴ȥˤʣ
ȻʱͷˣǵĳӺ棬֪ʲôʱͻȻһˣЩŮĦгŴī°ʵʵŴǳߺХ
ͷһǾԵЩε˵ʲôʲôǻˣһҶСһЩЩɶǹһ㶼һЩʣһҪʲô͸ʲôǧ֡
ǹҵһͷզ˵


1032 
ͷһ˵ǲЩ꣬ҪһЩåɵĴŻȻ£µľִĻΪٸߣһǹ̵ջı£ܹϳӵҲ޷ס˷ӵҼӣǼô죿
ǣͷ˵طٵˣͷߣô͸ðˡ
ղǼĦгߺХˣɽ˹ȵģһʱ죬֡
ͷҲðգ˿ܴǣҲܲ٣Ҫȫǵ顣
һ£ǶٹСǴʵĴ󳵣֮أλЩƫԶԺȲȱľʡ
ͷ⻰˵Ǽ˶ЩĵģȻѾҲӲͷƤߡ
ǰ˶ʮӵĹ⾰ǰĵ·ͻȻխ˺ܶ࣬˫е˵еͷĻᶼûˡ
ǵǰͻȻȫͣ·м䣬֪ʲô
ҲֻܸŽͣҪǰ淢ʲô
͸ǰϸһۡ
һۿȥĶʱһ⡱
꣬ǮǰͣŵǼȫǼӳĺһüء
ʲôܿ⳵ܵѵǹεɣ
˳ǼҪǰ淢ʲô״ǰ˼ͿЩΪʲôͣԭ򣬵·мһʯý·סˡ
Ǻ˼ˣ취ʯͷŲء
ڴʱͻȻˡۡһ죬һæһԶһ㿪һȭͷСʯͷǰһ˹ȥ
ǺǺãƿǷģʯͷûһӣǱ˻ȥ
һĹ򣬾ʹҵͷɽ֮ϣͻȻ˼ʮźļһл·ҿǼĦгȵļһ
ҷӦͷϵʯͷƵȫЩ˹ȥ
ۡﲻһƬŵֻʱڽﲻҳ
Щҳһ׼ͷûУвʯͷҿԽҰ棬˵ĳӲɸһȣǲ࣬ʱ˲١
дһȫӳ˳ӵһ࣬ûбЩһʯͷС
ʱҳЩʯͷļ˿һۣǼЩ˵Եòôţһ֮䣬ȫǺĺ档
һֶӣҲߡ
˲䣬Ҿ˹Щ˹Ҳпǽѩġ
վɽϵЩһ֮ͨվ˳˳ĻףֵĺܣƵٽؼǻһɫƤë£һ͸һƵġ
ǹЦŵ·ҿЩҲԵģҪƣ
꣬ԵʱٶСӾǸ첻ߣȫûɽĽࡣ
ǹһļһվżʮˣһﶼǹģ󲿷ֶǹҲAK47һɱ
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˵ôһӣԭڵһҲڲⳡ
治ϣڵĴԷһص̽õ˽ѩϢҲҪմ֡
꣬¿ˡ
ڵʵӹɵģ˼ҲˣĻǮûɶڲƽ顣
Ƕ˵Ҳһǿľ֡
һ͹ʽЦݣվɽϵĺڹһ˵˵λү·󱦵أûаݹɽͷʵǵĲǣʵҪ²󲻵ãǮ·ߣλүۡ
أҺŶǺڹܴЦֵҴҲǶصˣֻͼƣҪǳֵǮĶȫǾͿˣ
˵ţԳǴܵļһһ֣ɽ֮ʮˣһȫżһڵΧ£˹
۾ǴֿһۣĽ͵һ£ֿһˣϴߵǸɶ廢ϴ


1033 
ҿɶ廢ϴ󵶰ʱСҲ߿˹ȻûпңȴҿԽҰ
˲䣬ǵһʲôͻȻһɱǣ
ǵı϶ҪɱҺѦСԼɣûҪڶֵ˼
ֻСӿһͻȻǼɱĸֵܵ飬ʱһſھ˵⼸֡
ǶʮۿžҪڵĳԵʱͻȻǵһʱһ£ͷŵȥ
һתͷĹͻȻͷ˳ϵı仯Ǳߵ˾ȻһʮֻǹһǳǹЩ˾һɨ䣬һ֣͵ȥһƬ
Ǵߵûзû뵽ߵ˻ȶ֣Ǵڸߵأλã˲Ҳת˱
ҲôӵĹ򣬴ܺ͵Ǳߵ˾һ룬ȫǹˣҺǴܺ͵ӦĿ죬ڵһʱ˹ȥ׷ŵĴӴܡ
꣬Ҳ̫һЩ
ƽʱͺڣһ־Ĵֱʣɴ䣬¶צ
ڣ֮ΪصţǵʵԲС
ҿڵЩǹҲʮõĺ֣鷢ȫǱͷԽӺѪɣ̫ҡ
ִһǵһμǹɱ˵ĳ棬סŵĻð亹ٸߵΪǿĻǰԵǰ
뵱˹峯ʱ֮п϶ҲвΪߣǿĻǰǲһ
ΪʲôߵȦӵУΪɶԼ׳ɣ׼ûԭ
⵶ʹܵ˭ãһӲӣǹġ
ղŻݣȴɥ֮Ȯڱֻ롣
ڵƺûдŹЩŵˣмһ֮һͱһӣһװĺֳЩܵ׷˹ȥ
ǺĺӣһԵüΪףĞųʮǿһʮִֿĴ󵶣֮ʧǵǰŵǼҲʮֲ
һҺʶһȥڵʱѺԷ̽ӳֵһˡ
ܹڻ췹Եģûе֮
Ǻ׷Щܵ˹ȥûãԶɽϺܿͷһĲҽ֮ڶ
ҵĲԽҰԱߣǻϡ
ɨһǼˣֶãûˡ
ЩڵˡҲˡС˵
ɵ˵ͷС˵Ҷˣڵƿ϶ҲˣΪڵĴ󹩷죡
죿ʲôɻ
Сӻû˵Ǵ˵ͷڶʮǰѾ𽭺еǰն˫֪жٽǰѿ֮¡ڽ֮һһĺ֣Ϊɽ֮¡
һ£һʱЩ·ڶǽѩҲ־ڱصð
ʱǱߺǷǣʱ߰˸ǹ˹Ǽ˶ʱ׷ϵķȴС˵֣һнңа취Ըǡ
֪ɺ«ʲôҩһѡ
Ƭ֮Щ˽Χһתеǹȫ׼ǣȵҪȫ
ʱͻȻֱͦ壬ɨһ⼸ǹļһͻȻȵǹҷ£ƸҽйлҪ
ʱͻȻıߣģһſڼ滹֪ɾȻա
Ǽסˣ治֪ڸʲôá
ƣҲǺٻȫֱͦ壬ΧЩĿȥ
һȴҲסǼǹˣһʶĽеǹµ˼硣
һ˿첽ǺԽҰ˹ȥվڳԵĽС˵˼䣬ǽƨƨߵĳ˹
ӶˣǼ˶Ƥߣ϶ϲ
ߵǰٵɨǼһۣɹЦ滢һЦݡ
ǽһ֣ʵλǣ
صˣ˵дʿɽۼרŵµģڵ˲úڽŴţ֮ܵʲôʵĿ˵


1034 ɫ֤
û뵽ɻóصڲǵݣصݴ˿õαװ
˵Լǹ·ο͵Ļۿڿǹɱˣ˵þпܱǸ˿ڡ
ɽҰģֻźŶûУǳ·Ժеĵطɱ˱ɱˣ˭֪أ
صһڳȻͲһˣô˵ҲǹһصĲţٴôҸһزſ⣬жĵӡ
Ա֮󣬽ϵЦݽһ£Ǻܿ˵˵Լصˣʲô֤𣿡
һʮֲõ˵ʲôʱص鶼ֵڵ֤ˣ
ӻǸ²ģЦ˵߽ûСһĺã˵صˣտڰģó֤ݣŷأ
ɿǽһۣһ֤֮ǰսŪص֤һСֻСЩ⣬Ǻɫģӡص֣֮̽ȫǸŵĸӡʮ֮ࡣ
ɽ챾һóǽӾҪȥӣɲûҪ˼ǴǺ챾ӣһݣҲ֪ӿûУ
صĹ֤ǲٵģһ߿ûӣһҲûмⶫ
Ȼʶģǹ֤֮ɫȻ
ȽӿڣʵǸղʲôЩǹģƳһ
Ӳң治ɫ˵ղλ쵼ҲˣҪ飬Щ˳ʵ̫ɺޣ컯֮¾ҪףǱȶֻ֣ԱˣЩǹҲǴЩģߣⶼǽ֮صǲҲ̫ܵһЩ֮ǰѾֳֵкҪǸֳϵһ£
һ£ǽӽֵ˼岻̫ã¼磬Ͳλˡ
ɷнµתͷһۣ˵ȥֳֵܾϵһ£ǲô
һ㶣ϽǸ˵أӦһƲԽҰ
ò˵Ӵĺһ֣ʷһɨŪĸʲôϵûˣһóǸص֮Ĺϵѹһͷ
ҲֻӣĿֻǲ֮ʲôͻˣҲûҪǵ˼
ƾɵԽҰװģĵһʯͷ鲣һװһ绰ӡ
ص鶼ͨѶߣһʮȽǵ绰ﶼźţҾս˻һ𣬶һͺܶص˴һȻ֪ӿ϶Ҳ֪
ҵһ˳ߵɵߣһ˻Ƶɤ˵鳤Ѿϵˣȷʵк
Ӧһ˰֣˵ˣ߰ɡ
һ֣˵Щǹĸ뿪ߡ
ûɽͻȻ˼Ӱ֮ǰŵǼ۷˻
ǼϵĵѪǿǰԵĿԣϱǰѴ˵նﻹ
߽һҲŷһŵľȻѪܵͷ
һɶ廢ϴ󵶰Ҷ֪ʲô֡
һǻٵ˵ϴ󣬴ܡ
ôһĹ˾ͱǿˡ
꣬Ϊжߡ
ǴܵΪҲǵǸ֣иƴ£תۼĹͱǿɱˡ
йضү¾նۣգ۵Ĺɱ֣Լã˵Ϊ˵ǰ㣬Ī⡣
ͷߵǺĺԱߣӭȥǿĸ˵Щʲô
˵ͷ߿һۡ
һ۷â¶ɱʮ㣬һĴһ
ϵĞų㣬˵Ŀ£ڵϯ󹩷ֶ˵á
һ֮㽫еͷֱӶ˹·һϿ֮Ум֮С
ڵЩӽЩٷ˵ʬҲһһĶϿ֮Уֽǵסȥ·ľʯŲ
ŷ׷˳˳ӣٵ뿪ɴľͷղʲô鶼ûзһ㡣


1035 
ڵĳﳤȥǼص˳ﶼ겻ѣһ亹
ҿڵǵǹҪȻο鷳ˡ
û뵽ĵȻ·ٵĴܻܳϹϵϵŶǵģֻڵ˱Ƚϵùǵǰ棬ҪȻһ˵Ŀ϶ǡ
ļֵܿɶǱǸɱģһкֱӾǹɨ䣬ʱǸӦ͵ñɸӡ
գ
Ҫ˵Ҫúøлһڲǡ
˳֮󣬺һǼ˵С໹ֱ
⻹ûеɽ£ô۶ӣ治֪Ժ󻹻ʲôա
ҷ©ĳӣѵɽϼǰС
ɾҵߣ飬˸ҵĸоĺǿ󣬸ֱħʱĸоࡣ
һǿˣôĸأ
һʱɵĻϻӣ˵ҲǳõһãϼұǼǴΪĵңԹͱڽΪһ֧첻Ǽ̳ҵĵ裬ǽ䷢ʮʱ򣬱㿸һѴݺὭӴһֱ˽ţרս·֣ûһܹսպգսҲûʲôرĸҲһʱ֮¡ȴڽ֮ϴʮڵƿ˴ˣ㻨ؽ˹ΪЧһ㶼ǳʮֵּ飬һʮĵҲ̹ƶͿģһ㹩š
˿̣쾹Ȼ˴˴˵Ҫġ
Ȼǽѩ
ɼڶڵõѩҲʮӣѩһʮִĶ֡
ڶǿ׷׶˴֪ҲǱɽһǡ
ⳡϷԽԽ˼Ҳӵˡ
˿̣ȴܹѩŪֵĴۿˡ
Ժ·ߣһüĿûУҲֻǼ¡
ӼǰĸСʱڵɽǸеСУʱѾӣ̫ɽʱȽ⻹Ǻܺõġ
ǵһһ޳ĵطһĳˣһ·С紵ģǲô̹ȥʱ򻹴㿪ء
˳֮ǾڸһұסֲҪ֤Сùݣ±¶Ρ
źס֮һ˱ԷһЩصķˣζǺܿɿڵġ
ڳԷʱһһ飬طĻͦ࣬виڣ·ƺϵɢĞųܸо
Щһ㶼Ƚϵ͵˵ʱҲСģǶһ㡣
ɶЩ˻ǱȽ˽ģЩʶǼص˼̫ģǲ
ľҲ޷ǼǿźͶֶѡ
ǼҲǼʶˣ۹Ҳࡣ
ЩͻȻ֮⣬һһˣǴɽװصˣǴһ飬ڳڵ·ߣ۾Щߵɨɨȥ
ٷڽѩ϶ҲüĿ֪Щɶġ
ڽϵߣصҲ̫Ԥ֮Գ֣Ҳ޷ǾǹάģЩ߾ۼһ𣬻֣ͨγɲȶء
ֻҪ߲ĿŵڴϻŹصҲùܣһûͨϰյĵطɱѪɺӣصܶȥһۡ
ȦӣٷЩ룬ٷΪ߶Щȶأ黹ãһ𾪻ĵĴҪ֮ƴԽԽãٷͲ⻪ĴһûвźأҲڹ
ǻ˵ô߶ۼɽ£϶˴֮ҲЩйڵġ
ǳŷ򣬾Ϳ˴
һԲϾӣķһ㳯ŶԷкݺᣬ⽣Ӱֻ߸մûص˴ȫװ侯սʿΧˣ˵ֱӽ˸Ѻˡ
ģѩڻҵʸûУܶҲǹƸֵġ
ǽҪ˵ʱ򣬻ͻȻҵļС˵Сţ㿴չʦˡ


1036 ֮
˳ŻָŵķȥϣʿģˣΪ׵һһȥиʮµĵһѷ˼֮ϣ·ƮƮģ۾˫۾һ˫ĵۣһͲǣΪҲӦúܸߡ
ҲżŻɫ۵ˣҲʮ꣬мʮС
Ҿͳ˵ķһۣͱע⵽ˣһ˫۵Ƥ΢΢һ£㳯߿˹ʮ
ǼȫԴȥװǴڳԷӡ
ƾһۣұԶ϶չʦҲǸ򵥵Ľɫֻ̧ͷһۣܹסҵϢݻ˵ΪɵУչүүΪߵһչүүΪɵĹڸ˰չԺ󣬱Ȼǰ;
֮ǰ˻ҹչ鷳Ҫ洫ķ͹š
ĻΪɵһĸֵӦĩβǡ
ǰչүүΪøߵ˺ֵز
ԣֻǳɨһۣܿʹ˹ȥ
Զ֮󣬻вЦ˵ôϵΪΣ
ǿҶȻ
չСͦʺеģҲ٣ȹһЩʱգҴһܸһܽˣ϶Ǹð֡кٺЦ
б˴ȥˣǸɵɶĹðչһҳʤ˵
ôʺ磿뵱㲻ҲһСһصһСɫԸˣ⼸껹һ˳ǳᣬӦöЩ飬ֵǴһ֡дֵ˵
ûйгƤ˷ǰһ˱ص˱֮ڡ
ǵ˱ݵʱ򣬷ִ˴ҲסźܶߣСݵſڻصĳͣĺϰ
ص֮վùǺʯͷһ򵥵ķΪǷֹ͵ǵ̸ǹغŴһط
˵ı鶼Щࡣ
ɴһ԰һӣǼ˵м䣬ɫطҲˣʽʮϾ·Ѿ½Ժһʱ֮ڣиָĵĲЩˣղͻȻ뵽һ飬Ҿͺ¹ٷҲִ£Ͼѩ̫Ҫˣǹٷ˳ֵĻ¶ǻܸܲˣ
ɵĻǼ˶һ㶣˵ϸ磬㵣ĵص˲֣ҲҪѩӦòô׵ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ص飬صˡ
صܾ֣ʵ
ɻҡͷȻ֣ص˵˵ЩУﾭЩС
⻰˵һ˵⻰޵ֻҪ˾ͻϲЩҲˣѩǾҩܲҪⶫ
ֻҪǱ߶Խѩ˼ʲôţ˶ûκξ
ٴȻȴһ˵أٶҲûãͷȻֱȲһǽѩֵĴλúʱ䣬λһһ£Ҳʱ򣬱κ˹űˡ
˵ŽѩλԽܲԽǾ׼˿̣ǶѾɽɽĽ£ɴӦЩüĿ
ʮ֣صϷһŻɫŰԵĲһЩĶ
ʱ򣬴һ̣ӵǰ档
һж֮ɱ˹ǳȥ׳ȥһΣһϵϵָҲڲͣתͷʼնûͣ
һ֮ɵɫʼĳ죬һ£̵ָűסˣָָġ
һѲסɣʵϸ磬û¶ɣ
ûõĺܡ˵ţϵжȻſͷʵϸ磬ļȽϸߵɽ壿
ͷɫɽɽüңȫǧйһһǧ߰ٹռݱ֮һľɽɽ߷壬ѩлп³ˣɽ壬ζ࣬⼸ɽɽ˵ǰֹɽѩ˼ǣѩҲпܳ⼸ɽ֮ϣ
ɵ˵ͷɫһɽȥһ۾ܿǱҪ֮󡣡


1037 Ϣ
֮󣿡˶ͬ˵
Ҫ֮󡭡˼˵
ΪɶҪ֮أͷʳ롣
ܼ򵥣ΪϷղѾ˽ѩֵʱ䣬֮ҹʱΣ뻹ÿٽһЩĳг˵
ְ죬ԭҪ֮ǽѩŻ֣ʱ䲻̣Ǿе׼ˡ
֮ڣ˷·۾Ѿ۵Ĳˣ쳣֡
ãʱ䣬ȹȥȲȵ㣬ȡб޻
ʱ򣬾¥ЩģӴ¿ȥһӳ˺üߣһ·۷׷׵Ĵסı¥߹веģҲпųģͬһط
ԼУС۵˵ûϽѩҪˣڿɽϣϢѾˣһȥö϶˭ȵȵá
Ҳ˵ˣһϢ˵Ѿһȥˣôģ죬ҲϽȥɡ
ߡñȵ֡
·ϵԽԽ࣬ϵģһ߽СͻȻ·ϲصĳӿȥάֳ
Ǽ˳Ŵ⿴һۣܿջĿ⣬˵ʵⳡ棬ҶЩĶˣҪɸ˵ѩ֮Ż֣Ҳøȥ֡
һеģοǵλģҪı£Ϸ˵֣֮ǿ϶֮࣬粻Ĺȥűˡ
ϸĻҿ϶ţˣλϢɣȥȵҳ˵
˵ʱͷıе£ǱǸͿˣҪŪǵݡ
һʼǸ˹֤˵صˣſ϶񣬶Ǽ˵صģûб¶ԼݣͷֻǸое£ȴûʹǵݡ
Ŀǰ˵ǻǲ̫̫Ķթֻ֮ӵСġ
ҹǼ˵ط˯ȥһҹ˯Ķܰȣֱ
ڶ糿Ǽϴȥ͵ʱ˵ȥɽѰҽѩ˻һȥ״̬̫ãһͷɥ˪һ㣬кܶˣףȱ첲ȵҲ
Ա߾˼ȥǽѩˣ֣˵֪ĸ˵ųļϢЩȥѩ˸ӿˣɽϳʯͷѩëûС
˼ǣڰɽ˴һսܶ˶֪ʲô;һս֮Уǿɽϰپߺֵʬ壬
˵ɽǵطȷʵ˼ѩֻͨɽѩ
˰죬ôˣŪôһ
˵ЩʱǼֺֺЦЩȥѩļһǱ͸ģԼＸ֪ҲĴ¼ǹڻҵģǸʲôأ
лк֪ܶԼôġ
˵Ϣ˭ųȥأ
ͱȽ˼ˣɸǷһ£˵ֿܣһֱߣе˽ʺӣ˸Լǽѩͷų˼ϢЩϵһɨһϰ
һֿܣǹٷ˼ЩߣǲȶأǽﶷϲּߵԽ٣ԽǺù
˵ĺԣϸ˼֣ĻҲ̫һЩɡ
Ҳûпܡ
԰˷֮Ǳ㿪Ѿ޺˵ԽҰȥǼпֽܳѩĵطתһȦ
ôһ֣ǸһѣȥǸɽϿ϶ǲֽѩˣǸطֱӷȥĵطͺˡ
ȥĵһվɽһ߷ľ塣
Ϊ˵ɽֽѩĿԻǱȽϴġ
ȥСʱ㵽ľɽ£ԶԶĿȥɽͷǰѩƣɫʮ׳صľ񹤣ĿɫǼġ
ǵľ帽ʱȴΧкܶľߵɽӦöǧϣɽʮϡ
ɸ˵ѩһľϣҲпܻΧļɽϷ֣һнпܡ
ҿųڸļɽתһȦɵüͷٴν


1038 Ҫ
ɽٵüͷҵǲʲôõҪ
ɵ˵ͷתͷߵһɽϿһۣεҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ǿɽûУڣｫкܶ䣬֮أ
˵ͷⶼһΪΪͳĴˣûʧʱһҺͻжޱεģ˵ܶˣǿ϶ᷢ
ȱϸ磬ȻˣҪҪЩʲôɽϻᷢΣգ˶Ҫȥ
˵ƽʱ֣ҲǺϣԸ˵ģʵһӦеĴȱ֮ģĿôɥԲŻдһʡ
ҡҡͷ˵𣿼ѣҲΪǱģɱˣڶ཭ĿģѰҽѩ¶һ˵˸м㣬һпɱ֮˻ΪҪõѩ˵ǵطֻᷢԼҪǽѩ𣿡
һ£ε˵еҲֻıǺܶʱΪģҲһʹ࣬Ϊ֪ȴֹʱ򻹻Ϊй¶ܷ֮ࡣ
⻰ᣬǻ̰ΪΪʳҪ㣬˭赲ˡ
Ǽ˻ͷֳɽϿһۣȻ˳ӣȥɽתһȦ
ֵһ˵ǣ·½½ĿһЩ߳ЩɽۼлкܶഩŰɫ۵ˣһ
һЩŰɫ۵ˣڳͷԿȥЩţڳﲻҶ
ȶ㿪Щ֮ǲԭ
ԭЩŰɫ۵ɽɵˡ
ɽɳһ󲿷ֳָҲΪѰѩġ
Ⱥ֮Уǲûпɽɵƽ̺˳֡
ǾЩʱԴǵ֮һֱûзڵҲ֪ʲôطˡ
صţ޽ϵϢΪ׼ȷģ϶̵ģҲ֪֮ڣѩֵ顣
ܹõȷеϢ˹Ҳܹڣôĵ̺Ӵ
һ֮ڣڽѩпֵܳļɽ֮䶼תһȦ
ÿһطɶ̶λȻһȡΪ׼ȷһ㡣
Ǽǵÿһطк߲ܶȻҲѰҽѩġ
Ѿʵɽ֮ϣͼǰܹҵѩ䡣
˵ѩֶֻĳ֮£һּƷɽѩ໥ںϲ֮ܳΪѩֶֻںˣܹãҵ˽󸻹ҵѩǲõġ
֮ĳһʱ㣬ǽѩںϵ
һӶ֮ܳΪѩ
ԣЩɽתƣһжͽֻͣɽ϶ˡ
תһȦǻصǸ֮¥´Էʱܹ췢Ľ£ĸɸĸɵ˴ˣʲôطĪˣ֮һƬطѾҳһ࣬СһӾȫŷߡ
߻һԲϾͿ֮˴ҲЩ㣬顣
һɼı˽ѩֵʱ䣬ûиһ𼱻ǣÿ춼ȥѰңǰĴڱ֮Уȴһľս
ڵȺ⼸֮УҲûţڱ֮иУԼΪһֱ۷״̬⼸Ҳһ̶ֱλȷѩпֵܳλá
ֱڶİɸһȷеϢ˵ǽѩѾʵľ帽Ҳ˵Ǹִʵɽкܶĵط
ѲɣǸľ壬ɽһ߷壬ľڶѩ֮أ
ҲǺȷΪľ帽Ƶʮľߵɽǽѩһľ֮ϣǿ϶һƬ֡
˵һϢѩ־ͻ᳹Ļ¹˭֣ǾҪҵֶˡ
һ˵Ҫѩʱ̣Ǽ˲ⶼЩСһҪˡ


1039 ѩ
һ˻㷲һֱȵ˵İʱ֣ɵķԸǲԽҰľʻ˹ȥ
ǵĳʻ·ϵʱ򣬷·ϵѾˣ϶յһƬ
һĻ龰Ǽ˶Щƺͻ֣̿ǲ˸һı£˽ɽѩ֣ҽϢ˳ȥø·ǰˡ
ɵıҲʮأһ·϶ûô˵ֻǴߴҿ
ǵľʱɫѾȫ
һľɽ¾ȻһߣѹѹһƬǸоǣǾȻ￴ǼӳĺҲͣط
ǽͣɽµķ򿿽ɫҴҵߴ߹
ʱ˫ļһһһС۵˵ûУϽѩ϶֣Ҿǰľ֮ϡ
ȷϢԴɲɿһʵ
϶ɿʱɽɵ˱жˣɳ˴ֿʼľɽɣµһڵҲУľߵģҲ룬ɽɺڶϢ϶ΪͨģǶȥľˣǽѩ϶ɽ֮ϣƺðɡ
ǣ˼ŶȥˣСɫ¾Ͳ岻˰ɣǸûиǸʵ
һЩм˵ɵ˰ɣû˵벶ȸںʱɽɸڵ˿϶ΪѩɱĻ찵أһõˣҲȣ϶˹ȥǾĿžˣ˭лһ˵ֵأǵòѩǹȥҲǲġ
ϴ߾ۼڴˣǱ뷨ģˮ㣬ͼ֮
ʵʵõѩģǵںɽĴͷ
ڵ˭ϣû˵׼
ղŹȥǵ˫ۣҲǽ˲õĸ֡ͷֵ˵ıӰ˵
ľΧһƬѹѹȺЩļС˵˵۵ǲǱ˸͵ȥˣôʲô˶֪ǽӣ
üͷǰһۣûд𻰣һεĽе˳ڸһȦ
һȦ߹֮ɵɫ
Ƭ֮ɽǼ˶ԽҰҹ˳š
ɲС˵ľɽѩȫһӣǿĶǼ󣬶һ˹ŪģʵĽѩֵĵطľ֮ϣһڣղϷ̶λһ£ϸġ
ʲôطȲʵ
ɳų⿴һۣûд𻰣ǽֽʶ˳д˼ָǿһۣȫ˹ȥֻֽд֡ѩ塱
ǿֱ֮ӽֽ˻ȥֱӷˡ
ľû˵ˡ
ѩﲢԶ￪һܴɽͷΪ״ʮǻ䣬Χ˲Žѩ塣
˼ˣɽɡڵ˶ľ壬ȥѰҽѩˡ
ѵ˵Ҳ֪ѩܾЩ̫ԾҲ֪ûи
Щĵʵȷ
ҸԴ϶˵ǸطɶȻ
Ǽ˱˴˿һۣС಻Щ
꣬е߶ȥľ壬ѩû˻ȥˣĻɴ·ѩ̫ˡ
Ǽһ£㽫ֱӶװҲҪȥľ壬ȻֱӴľһ˳ֱѩķȥ
ǼߵСһʼߣԽߣԽƫƧֱһҲˡ
ʱϣһƬǶߵģΪ˱ǲ¶١
ѩߵģ˼ɽ´ͺӹȣɽҰȫɼɣļ࣬˿̿ȴǺѹѹһƬһȽϴɭ֡
ѩ߸ʯУ躮ŭŵѩɢ㣬ԶԶȥһѩһֻֻɫãΪһƬѩش˲
ȻⶼΪͨѩǺôǿҪѩʱͻȻڰһɽ﷢˼ʬ塣


1040 ѿ
ʵڷ⼸ʬ֮ǰͦԶĵطѾŵѪζ
ͻȻЩʬʱǼ˶һ£ΪЩʬ嵱дŰɫ۵ˣҲһɫװļһ
Űɫۣ˷ɧɽɵɫװģɱڵˡ
ߵľ嶼ˣѩɽֿɵӰ
ԽԽ˼ˡ
ɳܿһۣûзʲôˣȻŸ˵λľֽѩ飬ɽɸݵһ˫ɣӦö֪ľ岻ǽѩĵطȻȴһ˹ȥĿľǽ߶ľ壬ȡýѩѵĻᡣڵ϶ûκιģ뵽һһнѿǵļı߶Ϊ˽ѩΪԼһ棬һŻ֣뽫Էأѩڵȡýѩлġ
ϵܣ˼ǳɽ֮ʱǳ䲻⣬ǽѩõ֣ͷ˵
ɵ˵ͷ˵˼Ψһĵǣ֪ѩѩ˻ֻֻɽɺڣǵõѩĻܴ󣬵Ǳˣһһֱûг֣ɽˣΪڽǳĻһֱûг֣ܲ˵ҲпѩϣܸӣһҪĽҪóȻ֣ܱ¶вأŪãǼ˶ط
ϸıǣǶİš˵
ʱֿͷЩĵ˵ϸ磬֮ǰҲɽɵˣȲѵ֮£Ƕɽɵ֣㲻ʲôɣ
⻰ʵͷһ㶣Ƭ̣̾Ϣһ˵˵ʵϷѾ뿪ɽɼʮˣɽɵĸѾʮֵԴӺƥƹɽ֮󣬸ǽɽŪʱǶǺƥȻûʲôһĵӾ;Ҫ˰ɣҲǸϷһ档
˵ֻҪǲҲҪǵҳ˵
ɶƥΪߣҸûȣɽɵĽ£ɽǷǻСһЩǣܲ־ͱ֣һɽУ¼ΪĸҲһܹȫˡͷ
Ǽ˷׷׵ͷʾˡ
ٴọ́ڸתȦЩ˵ҿ߰ɣѩҪˣŴ˴ѾԶˡ
ǼӦһɵǰߡ
߽֮أطĿûôȾʮ͸Բܴܵһпʮ
ǰ·ϣ˲ٸʵ񡢾޴ıĢкܶˮıܶзֱʮ׵ٲ
ǧµѩߣ羰ǲģïֲ֮ܵ⣬кܶƽʱҰ
ɽ¹ѩѩȸҰ¿ʯʱּ䴩ͲĻһ
ǰ˰СʱĹ⾰ͻȻһɽ´ԱߣٴŵһӵѪζƮɢ˹
ҴʱѾﵽѩ̡
ɵһֱָǳߣ·Ѿʬ塣
ЩʬһĻҪ࣬ʮߣѪζǴﴫġ
Щʬ֮⣬ǻмֻ޴ĲӥЩʬΧͣڿʳЩʬ塣
ⳡЩѪȣ˲ֱӡ
ǾֱߵЩʬԱߣֻںɽɵ
Ϊһѩߵ˻ܻĳȥ֪Ҫö
ߵЩʬ帽ʱЩӥƺôֻ࣬һ˫˫ɫ۾Ŀǡ
Ȼ⼸һЩӥûٳ⣬˵Ŀڿʳһ㡣
ԽЩʬ壬ǰһ·ͻȻС˵졣
ǼŲŻһȫ񣬽ϵϢȫ£ĳһɽ˹ȥһɽ濴һ
ЩȫźɫľװԶŷҴɨһۣܿע⵽һˣǱЩӴĽӡ
ڵˡ
Щʮ֮࣬ʲôЩԶ̫
һҹȥ˵ʲôС˵


1041 ﱦǶ
ҸҪоһסңС˵СţСһЩ˶Ƕĸ֣ǿ죬¶϶ԺܸߣǧǸˡ
ڵƣǼһһغĸ֣һСıǣòҪǱ߿ȥٻءҲ
Ӧһ׼һطٰ˲ֶΣ˹ȥθһͣٵҸʯͷԼθ
һٰ˲ֶΣҲŵʮ׵ĵطһʯĺ档
ٰ˲ֶʮһʩչΣһЩԲʯͷ洭Ϣ˼£ܿұס˺΢΢ĽԴճȥһ㣬ڵǰ˿һۡ
ʱſķڵһڸȫźɫ£ΧһԲȦڵվУԱ߷ֱǽӺǿ졣
һˣǸʮͷͷ׷ҴûмһʲôվڼԱߡ
⣬ǻɳ˼˷ֱվڼʮ׿طڣԵʮ־衣
׿ĵطһӣһλεĴ󿳵ǰתתȥҲٰ˲ֶƾͻᱻǵ˸ˡ
ֻһۣұǴʯͷĺ棬еϢһһ˶ϸ̸ʲô
Ƭ֮ҾƵɽǺ϶ǲ֪ĶȻҸҸǶˣǽѩˣҪǱǺ϶ȥϷֱӽɽɶˣ
ɽɶڻǿͿģ˵ɶҲҷֻѩ̫ҪˣǺõƿڣҪѩؿڣΪͻͽпܻɾ͵ɹλŻдƸ֮٣ҲԤ֮СΨΨŵŵ˵
һǺ϶񶼸ҸǵĶ޵ˣԺƣ͸ὫڷѩϷڱصã˭ȾָǾֻ·һ
˵ļǣĿǰ֪ѩѩɽ˾ֻǺɽңҪ춯ֵĺãΪǿɱˣɽ˺ͷʢҲڴѩ⣬ǲòѵ
ֻһƿСѣӦҲľתأϷ򻹲ûнɽˣڶû¶棬˵ȷǸ÷һ£ǰҲ˳׼Ӧò©ֵ
赣ǣ˲ˣˣкǡǿЩŵ˵
һΪȷ佾ʱ
ҿڣ˳ĻϷԲġƵĿ
ǿȥѰǽѩɣɽһƬĵͷߣϤɲȵ֡˵
ƽסһߣ˵İɣɽɵ˼ǵõ˽ѩҲ뿪ðѶ³С
˵ţƻһתָһ˵ǶүξҪæˣѩһ֣Ϸػл㡣
ǶүٺһЦ˵⻰˵ģƵǶգ˵ңǮ˰¶쾭壬˵ʲôллġ
ڵǼһкһ㽫ΧЩڵ̽ȫ˻ȥ
ԱλҲתߵʱҲŽԴ̽˳ȥϸһۡ
һͷ׷ǶүһƴĻ˵ϣǶĺܿ죬ĳһٵ߶ȥҲطԽԽԶ
Ǳ߸һߣ߶ٰ˲ֶΣٴλصɺͻеߡ
һţбȲʵɶ
ڿȷŵǣѩɽĿǰ˵֮⣬ֻɽɺǲǰһܣɽɵ˳ˣڵҲո뿪ҳ˵
˼һʵɽĵͷߣ֪ѩȷλã⵹֮УǴŪϢأ
ˣκһ˹ӦǴ·ģƶ˺ܿƺΪǶүղ͵͵һۣǶүϴһĶǴ·š
ԭǱﱦǶ˵ͨˡЩԾ˵


1042 ͷ
Ǽ˶һ£ʵǶʲôǸɶİ
⽭֮廨ţɶĶУʮУжܳ״ԪǶүںʡĽȦʮɵǱﱦӪνıﱦѰ¼ĵرĻƣǼһʼɽרɽεģһǧɽΣ汲գţǼҵıﱦ˻רιһСޣͷޣⶫĲɣֻһֱ£ǱǶĵرζʮ־ζһ·ҹȥڽ˸˹Ȼ˴Ǯ׼ĵҲʮֳ֡ɸǽ͵
ºðˣҲ鷳ĶλˣڵǾҵǽѩͷ˵
ǶڣͷͷޣǣһܹҵѩɶȻ
Ȼ˸Ǵ·ǻɶ˵ģҵһ֣߰ɣǸȥǻû̫Զǻ׷ǡ
һʱ䣬˶Ǹɾʮ㣬ôĽѩüĿˡ
֪ģȴһܹ׵ĵ֣Ҫƴ׼
Ĺڣǻ࣬ڶʮΣֱǸһٿȫ飬ʲô֪
һ˼ӿ˽ŲѰҵϵĺۼһ·׷ڵ˶ȥ
ܹܶ࣬һЩټѭ
һ·ţǷǶѩɽȥģߣͿʼлѩˣҲȻ˺ܶࡣ
ԼСʱ֮ҵ˵ΣߵٶȲǺܿ죬ΪҪһѰһߣٶȻࡣ
ǵľԶͣԶԶĿҲֻһƬڵ㡣
ڴ˶Ƕĸ֣طѾѩϣܴ󲿷ֶǰããһƬĸһĿܴ󣬺ױ¶вأһ£ҹȥǵһһ·¼Ǻţϡ
һԴ˶ûʲô飬ֻҪСĽҪ̫
Ӧһ֮èһŵĳǿʣԭصȺ
֮Ҿ͸ڵ಻׵ľ룬ҵһĵط
ڵǰҲһ·ͣͣҸһ·ǰŲһ˳ָԲȦǺҵ·ߡ
һֱߵģԼ˰СʱĹ⾰ڵ˱ѩɽİɽ
ǸǶүʹֻЩһСޣһֱǰ棬ֻСһһ̧ͷζ
ֵһ˵ǣԴɽֻ֮ͷޱ㲻ˣΧɽĵطתȦӡ
Ҹ˴ȦڵһһƬããɽǰͣ
طɶûУ˰ããĻѩ֮⣬ʲôҸоЩ̫ԾƵطҲֽܳѩڸʲô
ѵǱ˷ڸǣ
ƺҲЩ̫ܣôԶһȫϢһ·СģⶼֵܷĻҲˡ
ǣȷȷʵʵͣƬɽǰˡ
ԭ˼Ƭ̣ٿһЩȥ
ˣֻһεĴ߶ٰ˲һƬհ׵򣬲һĢĺ棬ǴԼʮ׵ľ롣
ʱ˵ĻҾܹˡ
ǶүͷǲǲʹˣطͺͺģôֽܳѩƺЩסˡ
סӣǶүеʮˣ洫գ϶ǲġӵԶԶĴ˹
Сǰɶأڳһӽɣ˴Լ֮ЩסˣЩõʵ
˵ʵҲȵЩͷˣ͵͵ĽԴȥһ㣬Ǹطȥ
Ž¹⣬ҿֻͷ޴˿һ˫צӲͣһɽڣһʱѩĭɡ
Ƭ֮ǶүͻȻϲˣ
۾һƣͷ޾ȻǱ֮俪һڴСĿǶү˵ĳˣ˵ǿ
һǶү˵ˣԵʮּæȥʵǶүǽզ죿
ǰҿһƬܴĿռ䣬ѩ϶档ǶүЩ˷ܵ˵
ˣңһ֣мóеķ㳯һƬɽһͨкĹ򣬱㽫ǱϵĿ˺ܹܶ࣬ݵ˲Žȥ
ڣƼЩ΢΢ߵ˵һǰ֪ͨǡ


1043 ߳
ºӦһƱȲĴǸı棬֮䣬˶롣
ʱ俪ıſȴڣרסڣ꣬ɳ˴鷳·ҾͲ¸ˡ
ò˵ƻСĵĿԣһʱ侹Щ޼ƿʩ
Ա˼Ƭ̣óһ⣬㽫˸ֱӷŷ˵
˵ķŷҪɱǣҸ֮䲢ûʲôìܣڱϵĹϵ˵Ժܻҿɲ뽫ڵ˸ˡ
ǸɱˣһôûС
֮ǰѦС߸Һܶҩ˵ģƵ˵ҩȫУҶǬ˱֮С
ؼǣڸν˲ɫĸŷڵء
ղƿɶ˵ˣһʲô紵ݶ˸ϵǿ϶ʲôͨİ취
⼸ǧϵѩ֮ϣƫԶĴֻźſ϶ûУֻͨһЩȼ
Ҷڲĵط˼һһ취ǽʦִǬ˱ȡ˳
ʦ˯ͷԣҴǬ˱óЩ̫⣬һһСһһЩ
ȽʦַѩǶڿһֽۣʦָ˹
ʦ۾תһʮִȵģ
˵ʦ֣㿴ûУǽ˸ǲɱˣ¶ҸŪóԵġ
˵ţóȳڶʦֵǰ˻Σʦֶʱ۾һӶ˳
ϾޣԴӺʹôһ˵ʦ־˹
Ǹʦֳһȳ֮󣬱㽫ʦָ˳ȥʦһ̵ľͳǶ˵ķ˹ȥ
ʦôһߣֻһطǶڸһЩ
ʦֺܿ͵ǶڵԱߣĶ˽һ
ѩɽСܶ࣬ҲкܶҲʶģܿ죬ʦֵӰ˿ضŵ˵ľһ˵ߣ㿴ǸʲôѩɽҰ
ҿҰɣҰôôʵģ˭֪ʲôһһ˵
ѽȥܹˣǸû¶罫СҰ޴ס˰ɣζ϶ǰЦ
˵о;ЩЦ꣬뽫ʦָ˳ˣжĵӣСһˣһ˭˭ء
𡭡зԸܶҪ˹˴¶Դš
˿̣˵עʦָ˹ȥѾٰ˲ĹǶڵһ࣬ʱ򣬶ʦͻȻͣ˵ԱߣǺĴ˼Ųߡ
һȥӴ㣡һ˽һһ߷ɳŶʦִ˹ȥ
ʦȻշʣȴһ˹ȥ
ţʦǰ͵һڣŸղ˵ĽŲҧһڣתܡ
һڿǹݵģҧ˷һҺߣĴžͳŶʦ׷˹ȥ
һ˱ʦֶùЦ۾һֱ׷ʦֵķ
ʱҿٳٰ˲ֶε˵ߡ
ͻȻĳ֣ǸһǸ˶ŵĲᣬգۼĹ߾Ͷһˣܲ
һ䣬ӦǺܿ죬ͽеĵҺն˹
ڵߵһ̣㽫׼õһҩͳͷ˹ȥѦС߸ҵҩԼǿҩúմϻϾܹá
˵ĵûҵϣ̱ȥ۾һһͷû˶
֮תͷȥʱ򣬷ֶʦѾܵһɽ
׷˹ȥ
ʦִһܿ۷˻ҽӶѩ֮Уۿ˹ˣ͵һԾ𣬾ײ˵Ļ˵˵ϡ
ڵĺ֣ײʱ˵˲ͱ˫Ҳıסң˾ѩ֮з
ڹͬʱͻȻһذףͳ˹ȴҷץסӡ
Ҳ֪θڵϵģʲôʧֱ֣ӽӸˡ
һ죬Ҫҽһֻҩȫ
۾һɣֶûü˵͵˵ϡ
ҽ˹ȥ֮󣬻ϵǶڱߣһ˷һ𣬶ڶ棬ǱҰ޸ȥ


1044 һ
ʰѾǶʮ֮ˣֵ˲ʱ䡣
ұԼһ˽֮еģֵѦСǱ߻ʲôӣǱ۷ȥһǡ
ǼصҲܺãҪҹⱩ¶ΣվһߵأҲҳ
Ǽ˻֮ôǰˣǲʲô
ʰضڵ˵Ǽ˵һ£˵ڵѾɽ֮УҽȥаСʱˣߴǸϿжҪȻһƻ˶ˡ
Ϣ֮æӿ˽Ųһٴ۷ǸԱߡ
̸˳ͷƬ̣ϲ˵ѩ϶ͻڸ֣ǸϽ߰ɡ
˿첽УǰûܿͿ˱ʰڵˣ˿бڵϡ
ʱ򣬻ͻȻһ£һ۵㽫ڵ˸ɱˣ
ûаֻǽҩŪ˹ȥҵ
ԣ㿴ôѪָһ˵
һ㶣˳Żָķȥһۿȥǽһһ˵Ĳһ̲Ѫ涼ȾһƬ
ߵһ߿һۣǸҲˣǱһ࣬ڻðѪ
һ˸һ࣬ȻǸá
Ҷʱһ
꣬Ҳ˵ȥӭǵʱ̶̵ĲʮӵĹ⾰Ѿһˣһɱڵˡ
Ѿ˹ȥûκλ֮Ȼʹɱ֡
ʲôôݵĳ
תͷǼˣȻ˵ҸղŲûɱǣǱԻ˹ȥѣԣҳȥǵһһֽȥˣ˻ѾңһֱڿҵһһҪȻôҸߣǾͽȥˣ
˵ЩʱǼ˵ɫ䣬𾪲ѡ
ɽɡڣ⼸ˣĹֳһص˭أ
Ǿû᲻ɽˣͷ²
Ӧòᣬô˵ҲǽϳѾõķŴãԲɱ޹ģô˵˼ҲɡɶȻ
ǡ˰ɣҲ²
ɻҡͷ˵ΪȻǸСɣڽϲۣСҲڣɲôȱ´ð̵
ˣˣ鶼ѾˣǻǸϽȥɣ¿ôˡƵ
һҪסԽǻҵʱ򣬾ԽҪѵͷԣóסСѩȻ֣֪ܶĲм˵éɽɽһصҲδ֪߰ɣȽȥ۲һ˵ҵİţöٶ֣һεǿ
Ǽ˶˵ͷ߻ڲѪʬһۣСĳŶȥ
һ޴ıܶⶴڱѩˣǶͷͷ޷˵Ҳط
ܶԽ߾ԽǿȫǸ״ıӣǧٹ֡
ޱȣҲзǰ˲һļƤ
ܶߣǷֳŶڶС
ҺһкͷһԻౣҲױ˷Ρ
֮ǰڴڵ˱ɱ֪һ뵽Զ쳣ĽţܶҲСʱ̹۲ΧĶһ뵽棬νǴɱˡ
ǰһ·˴ԼжʮӵĹ⾰ͻȻǰй͸˽
ǲҰ׵¹⣬˵Ѿ߳ܶ
ܶĺʲôأ
ڶȺƬ̣ȥ۲һƣûз˵ټȴֻԶһܴıȻǰ
ڱΧŲɼɣĻѩš
۷˻ȥ˵һ
ְָٵ˼£ó̿һۣɫЩ΢΢˵ʱ򣬰Сʱ֮ڣѩȻ֣λþ֮С
˵Ǽ˶Щһզ졣
ɸ˵ֻҸطĵȺɽۻһ˺ʵʱôֵġ
Ŀǰ˵Ҳֻˡ
ǣǼ˱½߳ɽǱΧľ֮£ɴһźͦԶĵطͣ
ҸնͿǺĵλһӫĽѩ


1045 ˣ
ںĵλһѩѩɫӶΧѩҪףΪһ㵭ӫ⣬簵ҹө棬⣬Ҳ뿴ѡ
ǶǻͦԶ߿ֻԼһ
ע⵽ˣҲע⵽ˣȫǶʥѩ
㶵ĿһСĶԵɵϸ磬ǾǴ˵еĽѩ
ɵ۾Ƕѩ˺һתͷС˵һǧѩѾʮѵˣֻڻ֮ܳΪѩֻеȽΪһ壬ڵĽѩʱ򣬲ܷͼֵ
ҿⱦǲֻеԶҪȻǿһȥƣֵ
ȴҪҡҡͷ˵Сǲɵ˿ܵ۸ӣ֪ģһĲ϶ǱΧǧѩıΣյǹȥҹƣǧѩһ˲ڵ˱ɽɵǧѩԶȫĵط
ǧѩѾҵˣΪɶ˹ȥţ϶˭ĸ˭ȵõѩҺ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ˣǧѩȻˣǽȴûг֣ⶫҲһԽС΢ǧѩԱߣ϶ҹȥǿŷƽ˾ģʵǰӿŽء
ͷҲʣǧѩһۣƵϵܣ㶮ÿ࣬һһ鲻ףΪɶҪǧѩأ
ܼ򵥣Ҫõѩϲѣܱ֤µܹɻһּΪ⺱֣̫ҲǺǵưɡ
ɸ˵仰ƽı֮ͻȻעĿһĻԵһطһâէ֣㴫һĽ
ɡ
ʮ־д͸һžıΧ쳣
ˣɵһӼ΢Щ۾Դȥ
ҸǼĪסֱС඼顱Ŀ
ڴѾõһҪˡ
ѩǾȻүүΨһҩ֣ܲܵͿϵıˡ
һâէ֮󣬡ɡĽڶ
ܿ죬һССӰǵ֮С
򿴣ǸӰҲֻлƶСɢĽӲӵĹâȴʮĿ
˱ΧЩľڸǣξ˱֮ϡ
ÿһԾľԼһңڱϵʱҿǽΪģı֮ϾȻһŷԲһҵɫӰ
ұӰɶüͷС˵Ǿ綾֮ϱжɫӰ֮ϲĶأ֮ʮ֮ڴ粻Ѱһ£ҲͼӵĹ˾͸óһˣҵǣһǽ󸾭ĵطǧ򲻿ɴܴ߹ҪȻѿҲǲҽӽԭֻеȽǧѩ໥ں֮ϵĶԲŻ⣬˴ศɣɾµĽѩ
ȥô
Ҳǹ˵ġ
ѩҲ˵ĵرǵ汾µ˲ܹõ
šɡڶ죬ǽѾźĴǧѩԽԽˣǽһɫӰ˴˻Ϊӣѩ׵ı֮Ͽ쳣ۡ
ˡˡ
ǿǽѾǧѩԱߣΧһȦͣġɡţԵʮ˷ܵӡ
ǧѩУʥŮһ㣬ǽƺÿȥ
ǧѩܹ󸣬Ҳûκεġ
Ľӣ͵һԾǧѩĻ֮С
ôһɲǼ䣬ǧѩһƬ̣ӳյ͵ģǧѩأԻζһԭ̵ɫһһı˰ɫָֻԭȵģ
ȻǧѩĻľֱӽǽУһȭͷСĻ٣ɢŶĿӫ⡣
룬Ǵ˵еĽѩ˰ɡ
ˣ
ڽѩ͵һ̣ͻȻ֮䣬ӱֱ
һŰɫĵۣа֮ڣȻɽĵͷɽɵ
һȫǺɫװͷǿ죬Ͽһѿĳݣʮ֣Ҳ˽ѩ
Щ˾͸ϷƵģͻȻð˳ȻѾȺʱ


1046 ɽ
ϣһʼȳѩıɽɺڵ
˶غŽѩλãѩһͣ಻סˣ׷׻Ȼǽѩɱȥ
ҿǶɵѣûóȻȥǽѩȽϽĵطأǲһҲεҪ
ܹ֮ҵطΪ˱ﱦǶүɽطܹ֪ЩزΪ档
ƣɽɱڵ˻Ҫ絽һЩʱ
ֻϧѩ˭ȵ˭ߵģ˼ҽϲУô˭˵ȥ
û֮ǰɲûи͵©ѩ̫أڴ³ֶǴ¼ȥ֮Ҳ׼ģԲŻ˽⡣
֮ԵڲŸϸ˵һ½ѩҪҾӦûڷͷ
Ŀǰ˵ҿͷӦûʮֿɿġ
ڵ˺ܿɽɵ˴ǳ쳣ҡ
һ֣һѪĳ档
ɽ˶࣬а֮ڡ
ڵ˹ڶȫ޹ĺ֣һ϶մȾѪȣĺˣʵսʮַḻ
ڵ˱ɽɵ˽һ룬սһ
еʱƴΪ߲һܹȡʤظţʵս黹ʮҪģЩɱˣǵѪˣɽЩô򽻵ŵȣռһơ
Ϊʲôһ·ǿɽɵĺܶ࣬ڵɥȴٵԭ
ҿɽЩ˴󲿷ֶᣬʮģҲûʧʲô֡
һټʮȺŹĳ沢
һӲĹ⾰߸˵Ѫ֮С
Ϊʵıǿ죬һĵܣ죬Ҽõ˺ܶ࣬ûܹﵽֵزһֽڵĵۻңӦӲϾ
ʱ㶼ôģ˾͵˵ϡ
ûм֣ǿˣеĻҪࡣ
˫ƴĺɱǵĶĤ⽣ӰַڿƮɣжĺХ֮˫˭ûвҴţΪѩÿ˶ʹ˿ұ졣
ⳡ̫ˡ
Ǽ𾢶ʱͻȻС˵ߡǿһЩȥơǶøұţǶǲ֣ܶû
˿̣ǶʮΣ׷׵ͷѡ
ẹ̀ƵһսȽϽĵط
ߵʱɻû̶λֹʲôõļһ
϶ֹ⼸˿϶ǻһ뷨͵̵ء
ںɽ֮ȲǶΪǾԼǿƣڽѩŪʮģҲ±˹Լ˭·һ
Ƕ˿ǸղɽɶعĵطǺĵλҲͶ׵ľ롣
˫ս־۵ס
ΪǱ˸͵͵ˣɻǼΧԲʮ׵ĵطŪһССķһ˿ǣȾܹ
һǵˮ©Ҳϰˡ
һжŪ֮Ǳ԰ĵĹ۲ս֣ĵȺΪؼһ̡
̶̵ļӣ˫ѾƴΪƵʱ̡
ʱҷһرȤ飬ǺͺĽӣͻȻҲ뵽ս֮УķҲʮر𣬾ȻһΪصͭмʮأ磬ɱˣһͭеɽɵĵӣ޲Ϲۣɥ
һֵĸͷƵģû뵽ҲһӺ֣ڵǰ˵УֻͰԵΪۣɱҲ࣬ڶݵĽ֮Уɱʮɽɵĵӡ
ܿ춸Ȼת䣬Ȼ䣬ӱϵĳֳһˣҲɽɵģװϱԿĳΪĶһѩ׵ĵۡ
Щܹ߸ͷӣСҲʮ꣬ĹƵи˾ʮ꣬ÿжһѺıƮ֮䣬ܿɱս֮С
߸ɽɵϵһֵʱߵͷͻȻһЩԾ˵ɽϣ˫ǾȻҲˡ
ɽϣתͷͷ
ԣǾɽĽ¼ΪԵĽɽֳ߽֮Ϊɽ߸˶ɽĳϣÿ˵ΪףɽɽľɱҲɽɵɱﵣκֻҪ⽣֮Уܻų


1047 Ϻ
ͷ߸ɽɵϵȻҲЩ˵⻰ʱǷĵһԺȻʱ˿̵ɽɣɽɵƽ̺ˣϾɽɵˣɽĽһĽԺ
һֹУСǼǰĴѧĹѪͷֲãһİϵʲôѧʱ򣬻һԽѵĸġ
ͷɽ˵ôҲⱣ˻̬ȣɽôţѵҸүүˣµһֶƲ⽣󲻳ɣ
ϲҲ̫˰ɣɽţȣҲ˭Ʋ˰ɣȻͬ뷨ֱڿ죬˳
ͷ˻һۣЩ˵Դɽʦ׽֮󣬻ûܹ⽣ƾˣɽ϶ˣڵ˿϶Դ
һ£ͷɫͻȻͱɻЩƵ˵Ǿ֪ɽҲм˸˲ԸôҲź˳ͷأ
ҡͷЦһ˵ܼ򵥣¶ϸ֪ˣɽڴͦģǸéɽɽɽĶȣǲ࣬ףΪɽûʲôܹõóֵĶ֣⺮ˣéɽɽƽȣҲĲһǰΪɽܹڽ֮վסţ¶ļţҪվһѩ˵ΪصͻͽһֵУʱɽɵͷҲΪɽĴ£ЩǸ˲ԸˣҲùȫ֣òվ
ôһ˵Ǽ˶еסͷ
ɽ治Ǹǵģ߸ͷҲʵ߽һ޵еĽࡣ
߰˽˲ɱȺ֮Уϣβˣˣ
ܲ͸Ľֱ޷죬˲ͳ˽Ǳ߽ڽڰˣһͱɽɱʮڵĸ֡
춼߰ѽӰӣĻϯأ˲ϵĽƣеĽһֱৡ֮ͣϵĞųʱĵݣɱĽ񼤵
ͷ˵ûɽţȴˣУҿϺĽҲǵѣҪ߸ϵĽ֮УƳо͵ùҵˡ
̫꣬ǿˣ
һֱǰĿͽӣһͳɽϵĻӣɱɽɵ࣬Ǹ˭
ܿ죬ɽϱɽͽӸΧˣ߰ѽ籩һĳкϾҲǳĸ֣ǱɽΧˣҲ治ɫĲеĴ죬ǰѴ֮ҲǽӲӣһɨ涼ѳһĹ֣ȰĴ󵶽Լֵܲ͸磬һȻ޷ɽ󣬵һʱûΣ
һռս֮Ľ¼ΪǿĽܹҲ㲻С
ҿĵҲǳˢӡ
ǿĽ֮Уܹôá
Ҫ֪ɽϵڽ֮Ҳ˲˵һˡ
Ǽ˿ⳡϷңĶǣʱͻȻԵͷ˵ϸ磬㿴Щ˵ûǺˣôЩ̫ͷأ
ǰſϷˣȻǣһأ
ͷ۾ɨһۣҡҡͷ˵ûСЩɽɵ˵ûкˣǲῴģɻҶʶ
Ǻûг֣ڵҲûг֡ѵ
Ƕܹסڻǰ涥ţı󶯣һϺ갡ĵ˵
ҿһɣвɵЩЦҸоڳ˵УҪ˵Ϻ꣬ûбɸˡ
˼ҺôҲǴŴֹĸˣҴһгӣ֪һҪˣʲôӡ
ǿˡܹѩ˶һһǱվŵЩˣϺȥˣǵƣ¶ءкٺЦ
е䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ӸղɽǸλһ׵һΣ֮͵ǽѩԱߣһΪҿۣٶôô죿
ܿ˹˼سɴֶΡ


1048 Ⱥ
ϺǱﲻסˣһ
˱ɽɵƽ̺ˣ϶ˡ
⺮˿겢Ǻܴʮ꣬಻ʮͷףһɫۣҲһѰɫĳسɴֶε˽ѩԱߣϲ΢΢һ˿óѰЦݣͷһΧɱķ츲صս֣һ֣нǽѩ˹ȥ
ȻȺ˵Ľǽѩ֦ϣǺ˵ıͻȻȥ˼󱳴ļѨ˹ȥ
Ŵӱ֮ϵһѩٵһˣֱź˱Ϯ˹ȥ
˸һ¶Ҿϳڵơ
Ȼֻһ棬˱ɲ֮УȻҲһĸ֡
ȻǽѩԶѩʲôʱؽȥģû֪ôڶĳ˵ǰ
һֻһݷؼʱ̲˳
ĿľֻһնɱǺˣýѩ˲϶᲻ݡ
һĻһʼܹѩûôǵź͵Ϯһɱ
ƲûеóѣǺô˵ҲһɵƽˣǰʱʱоΣգУһɨ˹ȥǼöİ׷׻˳ȥ
ȺջؽѾ˺˵ߣһ仰˵ź˵ϱǡৡļк˹ȥ
⧲֮£ǰɫĵ֮ϱһӣѪʱѩ׵ĵ۸Ⱦˡ
ɣ϶㾹Ȼ͵Ϯƶһ֮˼ȵվһŭ˵
϶ôҪ֮ϣҸ˲࣬ôһɱ㣬Ժڻôڽϻȥһݵ˵
úúãЦ¶һڰҧгݵ˵ʲôƶֻһȺֻ֪ǮH֮ͽˣһĲֵɽɽˣóѣɽɸڴˣҲҪڴӴԺڽϳʧ
һɽɣԣԲ϶аɣҼʶʶɽƺеĽ΢΢һͷ׼ʱȥԱ
һϵİɫĵ޷ԹģһԵЩƮƮɣ΢΢һ̧еĽ㷢ˡˡһˡ
˶Ƭ̣ͬʱ֣˲ƴһ˵һĽӡڼӲı֮ϣҲܽӡôӡǣΪʵ¡
ɽɺѾǼ򵥵ѩô򵥵ˣתìܣ֮
һƴӵˣײһ𣬷˶죬ٶȿĲң֮ݺύһĿĵĽۣѩƮɢ׷ɣǱ˵Ľĵġ
һԶսȦűһȥ
ҵע⵽ǱĵĽѩ֮ϣͤͤЩĶ
ϸ磬ǳ˴֣ڹȥǽѩ㵽ְɣСʵ
ɻͷһۣ΢΢ҡҡͷЩصЦżϷںͷһҪסŸտʼأԼơ
˵ţɱ㳯źһָ˹ȥ˳ָķһʱǰһüһչʦˣĻʱٶȲ죬Ƶĳź˹ȥһѷͥŲθûκιϵ
˸һֲãǽѩжʮ׵ʱһˡ
ҲǸϵȥӦаˣһɫĵۣǳ¾ɣĺ󱳱һѽͷ׷һ٣һ֦ţҲǽѩʮס
ϵʲôʱֵҶ֪ԭվƾðһ㡣
Ⱥˣһһţȣ˿ҷԼܾ͵ġ
⡭Ӧɽ˰ɣôĳ棬һ˵ᣬҲûǸӡͷ
ɽˣɽʦĶ֡ɫ
ʦֶƶʦΪЩķݶϣƶͲΪˣ߰ɣǰһƶɶ㲻˰۾վԭһһſڣȻƣȻ


1049 Ϊ˻ţ
Ǳߣںɽɵ˶ˮȣڵƺɽɵƽ̺˸ǶļңֱսȦ֮⣬˱һ࿪ɣ඼ɽĿģĶѾۺˣɱ˶ԷĲݡ
յһ߻ȥ֮ǽѩŪֺ֦ڣ
һΪɵˣĸͽܣһֻһˣɽˣһҪϵ
͸˼ˣߣһһһ治֪浽׻ûˡ
˵ʵ㳡ҾѾЩסˡ
Ϊɽʦ˳ˡ
ͷΪж޴֪ǴղͻȻѾ̾Ϊֹˡ
꣬Ҳ̫ˣȻܹƾճ֣ҵٰ˲֪Ҫ߼˶ٵֶξԿԶɱЧ
һ֣ȫס˺žָóʲôչ
ȻΪɵҲСȥûЩ汾£ҲҲط
˳֣˴ĸͽܶͣ˽Ųɽһ񣬿Ϳ˵ʦ壬öûмˣ˼ɺã
վ۾һڵģֻ΢΢˵ͷ˵ʦֶ˻ˮùʵģƶ֮Եȵʱǲɱ䣬Ϊһ˽Υ飬ƶʦЩ飬ĵӶ֣ȥɣǸƶһӣԺΪʲôѴҵɽƶǷһݶΣ
˵ɽȻɽƽ̣ҲΪŵǰĸ֣ӳһְ˵ĻǺܹõģǷˣǿ϶Ҫģ˻˵ĳܹ˵ЩѾǸĪˣ˻ҪǽѩδЩʶ̧ˡ
ȻһЦеģٴһ֣˵ʦ壬Ǳ飬ʦֶ϶ҪӣҲҸ˼ô˵˼ҲµĳǰΣѩǼʦԸӹȡģӲҲӣʦ岻ҪʦֶΪѲǡ
⻰һ˵һֱŵ۾ͻȻɴˣһʮ𾪵ı飬ҷԵҲ΢΢һȻҲǶڴʮ𾪵ġ
Ƭ̣ЩԾ˵˵ʲôʦΪ˻ţʮǰѾȥ𣿡
Ҳԭ׼ʦΪ˶˳ԲŻ޿֡
ΪȻССɣΪڼʮǰĽҲǷҸүүĲһȼĸ֣⻰˵еţҸүүǵ֮µһ֣Ϊ˵һЩҸоΪӦûǱҸүүһЩġ
ˣڵʱĽ֮ϣҲһãû˸ǵɽ˷˽Ϊ˰˳Ҫһ꣬ѾĲҪԴСɽͷѹ
ӱһϣʦΪ˻ţб¶һëԣʦΪҲ鷳ëˣɽˡ
ⶼһȺ˾нٮٮߣҪƴΪҪƴıƣӲʹҲ״
нʵΪ˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴʵôпᡣ
Ҫ֣ǿ϶ҲҪԼʵ׸ҲΪˡ
üͷ۾ֱĿЦеˣȴ֪Щʲô
ܻ˵ĻʵԣǾǵΪ˻ûš
иչĹϵչҲΪɵĴˣһǵõΪΪͳĴУ¶кзȨСʵϻչʦү׻ûлţ
Դϸһŵֻ֪չүүˣչүүΪΪĵӣҲõȫ洫չǸʦүΪˣҲǺֻ˵ΪڼʮǰͻȻ伣ˣ˶Ϊˣ׻ûлţ޴֪ˡ
ҰԳ˼һ£Ϊ˲Ҹүүһ㣬Լһ󣬽ԼǱȥɣ
˵˵ĻЩŶȡ
Ƭ֮ͻȻȻʦˣǾʦԼȡ˵ȱȻ˭õ˭ȵã


1050 ǹ
˵գͻȻһΣԭǽѩʮ׵ľһ־ͳǽѩץ˹ȥ
ҪΪǿǽѩȸ㵽˵
ȻҲǸģеķһ֮жʱһը죬ǰѰɫķ֮жʱͷɳ˼ʮɫķ˿ֱ˶ȥ
ԭϿڼջĽѩǰֱӾ˺¶צ
Ǽʮɫķ˿Ҳ˲ϢɢȫҪ˹ȥǴһ˱Ȼˡ
ȻҵԱһɫһȻûϵ˱ݣΪһѩȻһ־ɱС
˲Ϣ֮䣬˴ŷһŵԼǰһֱǽѩŻɫķ˲ȼһ޴Ļ򣬽˴ļʮɫ˿˲ճһѻҽ
һŷƮ˽ѩҲ䡱һȼ˲仯ΪΡ
Ȼ˱еķֱӾ͵˵Ľǰƴ
ҲЩɻ÷ԼΣܹ⣬Ʈѩķʲô˼أ
˽ֵͬʱЩ󺰵ͽǣϿ콫ѩȡߣΪʦȶһ
˵ǼŷӦæŽѩ˹ȥֻĸ˸һǽѩΧԼһҵķΧ֮ڣ㱻׷׵ȥײһ޴Ƥ֮ϣԵȥ߰Զһݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ȥţ
Ϊɶ׳һŻֽǽѩˣԭǷǣȻ֮ǽѩ
ɽʦţıʦ׼ķɣÿһŷлΪ
һŻֽá
Ǽ˵ĵӱ֮һˤĲᣬϵķҲ׷˳ٴγŽѩĳ˹ȥѧľһЩеķ̽һ£ŽѩһҵطǷ޷̽ȥˣһ˶졣
ѩΧʲôûУЩȴֻܿţȴ޷õ֣һ϶˺
һĹѾ˼ʮغϣⳡ׳ۣ֮ϳһĽ֮⣬֩һѺ۳ɢ˵ķһŽһţҪǮƵ׳
̶̵Ӳ˾ʹһּ˵ơ
˱Ͼǽϵ̩ɽһȣ˻̫࣬˷׷׶ƴһƣʤʱͷ˳
˱һƸķ˳ȥǱɵģڿл֮߰˼ɫǺ죬ǶʱһѪ˿һ۹ĵӲһѪ˻ȥ
һ̣ٴǽѩԣһ֣ǿĵһ˦Χڽѩߵ˵ĵӶʱһɾƵĹ䵽һԡ
ʦֶʦ滹ĻҷҪѩȥɽңƶǣƶ˶߰ɣ˵˵
־ͳǽѩץ˹ȥ
㿴ҲǸΪ棬Ҳдҷ緶ɱ⼸ˣ練ƣǴ˵Ľһߣպ
˻ǵΪ˻䡣
Ǽ˿˵ʤҪȥץǽѩʱв
ѩ汻˸ŪˣƾǼǸܴｫǽѩģզ죿
ѵûٹ
ҿɵɫҲȽϽš
ʱгϵ鷢ˡ
顱һȻ˿̵ı֮һƬҲʮ
ǹ
⾹Ȼǹ
֮ƴȻǹǽ֮ɡ
ڵϸǹΪȽǹеѩǹǶýأһִĻȻԺûڽϻˡ
˭Ȼ˺޵ߣóǹ޳ܵ˼㡣
Ȼǰǹǳ˴ȥġ
ԶԶĿ˵΢΢һǹˣղעȫǽѩ棬˻ǹ
̫ˡ
˵ɫ˲࣬۾ǹķȥһֻ΢΢̧ؿڵλãƬ֮󣬱㽫һŴѪӵȡ˳


1051 ձ
һǹסˣüı֮ϣ·ȫסˡ
֮˲ѻȸʱһסˡ
ذǣҲһͻǹŵĻһһɶ񺮴ӺŸһֱ˼ǣġ
һǹֱڴžžĴ
ߵƴǽֹǹģ۳ʲôԭһִĻΪС
ĸ߲±ǹһӵоͻһӵ֮£
Ļˣ˭ҲУÿ϶ǹˣ˭˳ۣһǹȥŷô򵥴ֱ
֮жôĳޣǹǾԲõģ˭ܴĵߡ
Ϊһѩ˴֮Ҳûʲô޿ԣȻҪǹ
ϾɽǰĶ֣˵ľԻǺܸߵģΪؼʱ̣ȫס壬һ̣ȫıļʯǿӵûҪֻ˱Ƥ⣬˹ͷһ־Ϳ˳
ǿŴѪӵ˵ɫѿ˼㣬Դӳڱ֮ϣһֱһȻı飬ͲɱˣֻҪȡǽѩһ̣ȴоڳɱҪɱˡ
ĸ鿪ǹվһŭͬƽ׹ôԶҸоԼĶĤ죬ƫƫ˵Դ廷ƣһĻصݣ𵴵θﶼһڣЩϵĻѩĶŪǼһﲻҶ
Ƭ֮һκĴС֮
⧲֮£ĺܷ׷ױһűӣһź£ͷĺ˱˳һֱǲڱµģ֪ôȥģܴôʱ䣬ôûЩ
һЩ˴ӺƱʱΪһصˡ
ǣҺܿͷ뷨Ȼһصװ񣬵ϸһЩģǵ·ܽһص˴ĿɣŵķͲԭãһѰѩձ
Ҳ˵Ⱥ˾ȻһȺձš
ꣿ
ţȷǹ̵ģ֮ôòҲΪˡ
ôҲ벻ͨôôСձҲأ
Ҳû̫ؼǻǹֱǺޡ
һȺȫµձ飬Ҿͺ޵ҧгݣ˲ˣһֱҾͶСձûʲôӡ
ЩձһӱѱΧڳٴһĲɿƺɽɵƽ˺Ҳס֣׷׳ԼĶ鿿£˹
ڳÿһߣЩСձǳ˳ӵģĻǽ䱸
Щձ֮߳һһվձ߸߾𣬱Ǹһ
ЩСձ֮󣬽űиձ߳֡
Ⱥձõȴձһͦͦĳǹ
ЩõձߣЩСձܹʮˣǹʮϣһͽ֮е߸Χˡ
֮ϵкüɽɺڵ࣬ղŵһƴɱ֮󣬸˲أ֮ϵǺŵʬ壬ܹվŵѾˡ
Сձ˾ʮʮǹһ𣬰Ӳʱ䣬˾͵õѪ֮УΪߵˣҲסǹɨ䣬Ȼɥ
һ㳡ҾѾסˣҲĳ
ϸ磬զ죿ҧʵ
ôզ죬Լô򶼳ɣֵ֮ôСձһô¶۸˼ֱ۸ѼˣȺСձһܷߣȫˣһ˫۾ɵԲȭͷš
ɻͷһۣɫȻ˵ǵ˵˵ôɱǣɶǹǹȥҲģһöûС
ô죿ܲܿһǹͻͻ˰ɣЩ˴ǽɵĵӣҲȫطֵ
ɲûỨУתͷң˵ɶûа취ϵصˣǳãҲˣЩСձǴðģôҲͰˣеǹǴأ
ֻһεҡҡͷ˵ѩǧ˶һźŶûУ϶ϵص飬ϵˣƻ˶ˡ


1052 ƶҪ
ɵɫܿ˾ϣ˵ȺСձܵǵĵҰҲ̫ǻĴص߷ˣһֱǹеǵĳ֣ǾͲٰԭƻˣһһܷõǽѩҲҪͦΣ֮УȺСձɱ
Һޣ졣
ֻҪǸй˶֪ʮǰһƽ٣Сձлطսɱӣ޶ѾʮˣٿСձǹл֮ϣǼ˵Ѫϳ塣
һ̣ҵѾʱԵĺԵ˽ѩһַŭͳ޵ŭ׵ȼˡ
ղ˵Ⱥձˣɱ
޲һʱȥЩСձƴһսľٶ
һεĴЦһձ˳ˣСձҲȫ£棬һձߵװ
һձߵЩСձǰ棬ɨһȦΧмȺȫػ۶ĸ֣һּĿ˵Ⱥ֧ǵߣһɢɳԼﹷҧΪһѩôˡڶ֧óģ»
˵գСձЦһֵǿ϶û뵽ɣ󷴵̵ѩ˭õ
Сձ飡ôʲôϽ
һڵվ˳еĳһӣָŸղ˵Сձŭ˵
СձڵǸ˿һۣ˲֮󣬱кüǹָǸڵĺӣһա죬ǸϱһѪӲ
ЩˣһȺСձһԲϾɱˣʱһˣһŵɫ
Ǹʮǹڵĺӣеĳŵ棬Ӳûе£ѪѵĵҲ㡭ڡССձ
ѵһ֮ڵĺӲֱͦͦĳźԵ
ϰˣڵļӶʱǰǺӵߣǴʱʮǹȻ
Ҫһǿߣͱ˳ȥҲܼ˵һ仰
ûоԵĺˣҲûоԵĻˡ
㲻ɣЩɺڻĸֵ֣ĸɾҲǶӯǸղǺӵˡ
ʱ˿̣һ쵱ĺӣ
ϰˡϰˡ
ڵļ˲ͣĺѾȥĺӣһЩСձĿƶð˻ӣĵĽƾҪǰȥ
ڵĽȴߵЩѾŭ˼ڵ˵ǰ΢΢ҡҡͷʾǲ
˭֪ڳȥǳǹӶģھԲͷ
ڰǼˣһĻҲеӶ΢΢һ˫۾Ѫ졣
ҲŭһζĴȱ
ȴͷһۣҡͷʾҲҪڻǶֵʱ򣬿ʲôչ
˶ûԤϵǣʱ˿̣һ˴Ⱥ֮˳һλ׷ϵһѺıɫޱȵƽͥŲһֱߵСձʮҵĵطͣ
ɽˡ
ûȥձһۣվ˵ǰ棬ǰڡɽɡΪɵЩһѹĺܵͺܵ͡
˿λã̩ɽһԼ񣬶һãȻɫطĸܵȽǰһأ
ģΪҲߵһλڽϵĵλܸߡ
ֱʱϱһĨɱ֮һɫ
˵λͬţغܶ˶ʶƶƶɽִ³壬ȣƶҪһ飬ǽѩƶҪˣҲٸκˡ
˻һʱһ֮˷׷׶ӣ֪ΪλͻȻһ٣ѵǱЩСձ˲ɣһʮдãǾСձӸסˣδ棿
ӵıǽ棬˻ˣԺʲôڽϻأ
ЩСձӻ뿪
Ϊ׵ǸСձһ˵ʱЦ˵֧оŻ˵ĺãӲΣǽ֮£о仰ʶʱΪܣ֧Ǿصߣľ»Ǻ͵ġԻ뿪


1053 ͳͳɱ
˻һڣ֮ϵĸ·߲һԴĦԭֻҪӦǽѩԻٺòˡ
ѩȻǿûԼСҪҪҲˣܶ˵˼
ǶСձĻ˸ᣬֱͦţ˵λƶһԣ
һ֮ı֮һεİȫ߿˹
˵һһɨӹϵȺߣЩ˵ʮ֮ǰƶŶʮ꣬һս׷ɵܶ߶ѡǱУප츣еŷɽţֻڻϮʱƶûаɽУĿлصĴúɽ֧飬̣ʬҰеĴ󲿷ֶûмǸ״ѪɺӰܶͨϰղ¾ɼʮǰһһģƶվŵһȺСձˣҲ˰壡ʱգٴγǵǰǹҫɱͬţʿɱ裬ҪƶͷԣǽƶԴɽǸһλ˭ԸƶһսɱȺСձӣ
˭һᵶɱпܣҹ
ôСձƣǻĴص߲ôӣ˭۸۸˵ġ
ĴغۺҲһǻѪǲܱκ衣
ֵ֮֮˲ȫһˡ
һϯʱȺܣڳȫۡ
ʦ˵ļǣƶԸʦһͬսվ˳
ɽͬɽɵ߸׷ԲԵϵվ˳ͬ˵
ҲȫôҪˣƵҲһɫ
ڹǰڳȫվһͬ飬顣
˸£ǴͷСձһǶͳͳɱ⣡
һǹе죬ΧǼʮǹȫ׼˱֮ϵЩߡ
һ̣ɽͻȻһѻֽЩֽһ㱬һž޴Ļ⣬ЩΧΧձ߱Ƶķ׷׺ˣաǹܿ಻ͬһ㡣
Ļֽھҵȼ֮˲һ͸ĞųϣЩߴ󲿷ֶסˡ
ЩӵһǞųϵΧ׷׵˵ϡ
Щߺܿˣʱʮӵ壬Ѫ
һĻǼѾȫ˵ľٶ𺳺͸жǴȻơ
Ǿò˼ǣ˾Ȼһ¿ϻסôˡ
˵ʮģҲֲ̫ʱ䡣
һĴǱ֮Щ֮ʱ
ǼѾͲסˡ
ɴһɱ
˶ʱǱͻԾȻ
ͻԻ¶צ
ڱһɲǼ䣬㽫éɽǬ˱и˳ָ׻üĴȡһξѪ뵽éɽ֮С
һ߳ЩСձ񱼶ȥһߴ߶éɽ壬Щոȥõéɽٿŷʬ䡣
ڵΪҲ̫ʬ巢ʬ䣬Ҳֻ߾ʬΪͨĽʬǶþѪΪȫéɽ巢ӳǿ
éɽ巢һö죬ڱ֮ŵʬͻȻأԶȻһĴӵϵ𣬺ܶʬ϶˰ɫĳë˷ָףͳЩСձ˹ȥ
ЩСձûôʬȻ俴ʮʬӵϵ𣬶Ҵ󲿷ֶ˰ë֮һŵĲᣬУȫҲ֮ʮֻ̿֡
ЩձתìͷеǹЩëʬк
ȴһ㣬ΪͨĽʬǵǹģοִ󲿷ֶǰëʬˡ
Щӵڰëʬֻǵ΢΢һͣ٣ӵͣʱǽžͻЩСձȥ
ЩСձǹЩëʬʹ㻻ձЩʬ
֮ϵĳһεıģɱһƬ
Ǵʱ˿̣󲿷߶˸սҲֻ˺ȼ߶ѡ
ܼǹ֮£һߵȥҪô󲿷άǸųϣ޷ʩչسɴֶγֶֻܿܲϴӵҪŪЩʬ˿¾ЩΣˡ


1054 ּ
˵ҪĿ꣬ǸղŴԲѵǸձ˵ͷͷһΣ͵СձߣеıһΣֱӳСձҪ˹ȥ
ʱǼѾսźܽˣѾһСձǣеǹ׼ǾͿʼкӵ
Ҳû˿ֱջŪһϵǼ˵ǰкǶҵֱһǰЩкӵȫϸ˱֮ϡ
Ǽ˵ĳ֣սٴθı䣬ϻֵĿԡ
˲Сձǿ϶֣ѡ񾲹䣬ȡһ֣ǽѩ
¶治̣ԲĿô཭ֱȺСձ¾
ܿ죬ĸ˱ɱս֮УϽ𲧸˳Щǹձ˹ȥһձߵԴưԽӶ˷˳ʬ
ͷһѱϢıмձߣһ·ɱȥ
ҵĿձ˵ͷͷ˹ȥиϰߣרžͰӲӵ鷳νȽǵϴŷ˵ʣµӲͷС
һϴˣʣµЩձ߱ûĹǣɼΪصĴ
ǵҳձ˵ͷͷȥʱȴȿˣˡ
֮ǰؿڵλðһǹղǼʮСձǹȫ׼޷ȫȥѪ죬Ȼǰ˲ӵ
ƺû˵ʲôҪؼʱֻ̣ѡȽܹܵλðǹ˿̵еıɱڣֱӳձ˵ͷͷɱ˹ȥ
ձ˵ͷͷ֪ǹˣȴһҲԵûҡ
˱ͬʱৡһձһձɷڣѵһԼͻᷢ⣬͸©һ֮˻ĺë
˵ѵҺоʮأ
ӿٵתƬ̣ܿ㾪˹
֪꣬Сձ˭ˣҸճûǻĳһСձˣǰСձ˲ٹ˲аʱҺͻһͨô򣬽ȺСձ֮һѰģǰλʱǸСձõĵ˿һ޶
ҼǵǸСձ֣м䣡
СӲȥϳͶʰ쳧ձ
ʱҺͻôһ֣֪ӵװûɣҲں
˴ȷҴġ
Ǵ˵еԩ·խ
үү˵ձ֮һʮĸ֣õǰձձнʥձµ˲
źţȵӣأ˵
ǼҲҸ˳˵ƴһ˿·磬˴ļΪңСձеĴÿȥһƺŭ
Ŵţ֪ΪΣͻȻһƺߣżһ棬ƮɳȥʮԶ
˵ĽŲһأſ³һѪ
һѪ³һѻֽάֵĞų϶ʱ߽⣬סڶ˳
һӭǵıܼӵաǹһƬ
һͨӵɨȥһ֡
ã֮ǰʮ߰ëʬ֣ŪЩСձЩæң󲿷ֵľЩëʬǣƹȥԿǹ˲̫ࡣ
ʮǹһ𿪻Ļֱ
úܽںɽԼΪ˳֮ͳСձˡ
ľ룬ͲʺϿǹΪҲ˵ԼˣЩСձϵѡеǹеϵձ˳
ЩСձǹǰѺ֣Ƕǹ֮һ޷͹ǵΪЩΪûǹӣʱв˳Կ
ΪЩСձеձ֮⣬
ְҼһֽ｣İЩǣ˲ӳȥһѣৡĲڶвٺֳ˿ڵҲûվ
Щ˲ûб｣ҪҲûκλ֮ȫΪЩСձ｣ι˶ʮҵĶѪ
һУǾͱվ
ӿµǣЩСձ񻹻Щ߳嵽ǰʱͻȻʧˣһγֵʱ򣬾͵ǵ䣬ôһͷ


1055 ҪĻɱĿ
Щձֹ߳ϣֺһ־ֱҪȥģȻܵʮϸѵһɱ˻һ㡣
ɱǣԭĺܶ߶ôϤСձһ׶ߵиһ·Щ˳˳ҲûЩСձ·ܿͱѹסˡ
ղˣĪѹҪάǵųϻסˣҪǼƴʹѪģһѪ˳
俴ˣǴһ˹ȥ
Һ˻Կæ߶ٰ˲˲ʹΣǼٶȻ죬գۼĹ͵˵һࡣ
ƺǸоΣգৡһͳҺɨ˹ĞųΧĿ
ÿֲʵ
֣ԼˣԱһ˵Ľڰ֮ȻֹתָǼ䡣
˵ĵٴײһ𣬷˶졣
ҿ˼ıӰͻȻ䣬
ҵһȻûԤϵﻹˡ
һΣԱ˼㿪ܼĽ۾߿˹
ʱҵѾǽ˳ٵĴ߶콣еĻ㾦
һۻ֮һɫĹ籡Ǽ˹ȥ
Ǽ۾˲ɵԲæӽȥ
䡱һ죬ɫĹ˼Ľϣ˳ȥ·֮ϣ˸һɱҪǼն룬ӦǿڼƵ֮±У˴ӣ˵һĺֻ֮һĿӣѪʱ˳
һٰ˲˵ߡ
ǿǼһֿۣһվߵңȫ֮ɫ
ͻȻʹĿ콣
ǡˡҿ˵
Ǹʬҵĺˡʲôϵ˻ǴΪԾʵ
˵Ҹүһص
ͷ˼Ц⣬Щϲ˵Żӣηվһ֮߳Щϼһﶼùˡ
˹ˡҵ
ҶɣʱƶһɱЩСձӣһΣɫһݣơ
ãǰһ𲢼սɱһɸɾ
㿴ǰڶѨǰȥɱɸɾƺ£˺ۣһϷģһΣٴγż˹ȥ
ҪһȥʱͻȻоߺǶˡ
תȥʱ򣬷־Ȼձߣֱӳ
һæ˲߶ٰ˲˼⣬ձһգʱһ㶣Ȼô뿪ġ
һٴδ߶ٰ˲һձߵһȥ㽫Сձ룬Դ裬ĸ룬ʮֱ׼Ѫ໬һء
һԵǸձ߶һһգһ۾¶һɭɭĴ
꣬ǱȲ
СүԴ˴񺮶һᡣ
ҴȥɱһСձʱǸСձͻȻƾʧˡ
ձߵ־ħƵģǳ֮Ϊ
ʵϵͨĳŤ˿ռ䣬˲ӾϵĴɱȷһʮֲֿ
ԸֶΣͲܿ۾ˣֻܿĞųиϵƤëΧĞų
ֻҪһܸоЩ˵Ĵڡ
ΪԽߣԞųİվԽǾ׼
£Žֱ꣬ӱ۾ϸĞų仯
ձ۾ͻȻ֮䣬ӵһ࣬һͻȻˣһҵĸ˹
һ˹ȥĵ˿
ձ͵ϮɣҪʧȴôķŹһɨǧɨ˹ȥ
ӻûȫʧֱӱҽϼĽն롣
ʵҾЩСձΪߣֶֻЩϡЩһסǵĹɣҪŪǲǶôѵ顣
һնɱСձ˸Сձ˹ﻹߴ˵ʲôʮߵӣֻϧСү
۾һ־Ȼ߰˸ձ߳˹ȻǽҵҪĻɱĿꡣ
һ̫һЩ


1056 ˺Χ
֮϶ʱһƬ㡣
ܹɽѩĶڽ֮Щͷߣܹۼѩɽϵ⼸ǾӢеľӢĸҲΪɵˣڵƺʹܼҽӣǼҵĴ󹩷죬ɽϺƽ̺ˣڽ֮ϿɶͷҲܽơ
Ӧǰ֮Щձ߾Ͳôʹˡ
Ϊ˵ЩˣһΪ͵̶֮ϣǶڞųĸĶ֪ǿ˶٣ʲô｣Ըһ߻УҪԸЩĸ֣
˵Ǳ߻Ūʮ߰ëʬ֣սʱձߵڵϡ
߰˸ձ߳˹ʱҴɨһս֡
ɽϿٵĲɽ󣬽һձΧм䣬⽣һɣˮ©Щձ߶Ҳ޷߸ɽɳϼĞųǵֻǵȴűɱ
ֻ˵ĺܿһǰһնɱĸСձеǰնǷ˵죬ЩСձƺҲܺܿжϳǵķλӶһɱ
еķҲƮƮ˿߲סЩձߵӣ֮䣬ĽЩСձķѣʬء
УĴСձڣѧı»Ǵӻĵĵ͵ѧȥģеձƵʽֻ࣬ЩǸõĲײ࣬ʵǲͳ
ˣѾûʱȥˣΪ߰˸ձѾҺܽˡ
һΣֱӽеĽֱ׷˳ȥʹõ콣ĵĸнߡ
һֶ֮Ľֱڰ֮пٵתͬһתĽֱӳЩձߡ
Щձ߸ߣ㱻趯Ľסˡ
ͬʱֽͭǮǬ˱ȡ˳ٵĽͭǮ󼤷ͭǮһ죬ͷ֮ϻ˼ʮöͭǮȻϰٵͭǮ߰˸ձߺȻѹȥ
ͷн޷ǷӦʱ򣬸ʩչ㱻ͭǮӡ
һйȥ߰˸ձȫʬѪء
һ֣ѷȫصҵУҪתȥ˶ԸʱͻȻһ붼û룬һն˹ȥʱЩء
ͷһ־ȻڽӵŷͭסҵĽ꣬ҺٺһЦ˵үǺֶΣӵǺÿడǰռʱ򣬾Ȼûϳ˵صˣҵʱ;֣صզôء
ܼңþòҲŽ΢΢һЦ
ʱͻȻֶһˣһͷһڵƣҲѪһ֣˵СֵܣĻʱ򣬸ղҪ֣Щ˹ƶñЩСձͻͻˡ
øˣȺСձǵΪλϸ磬Ҫ˵Ļɽˣһ֣ȽɵǶסˣҿ˲ᡣ˵
һ㶣ɫʶȺСձͷͷ
һܣǼһм䣬ձн˵ܴ󣬶һ൱Ǯи飬һξͲҸɱˣԩ·խҲг𡣡ҳ
ѵģúǵţҪܵĴϸ飬Ƿ˭Ū˵һ˺ͼ俴˹ȥ
Ҳҳʱ򣬳žڶȸǼ˵
һΣѾڼ⣬һ·ż񱼶ȥƺͽӽҵҲһͬ˹
˿̣˶ˮȵĽ׶ΣľӰ
ʵ˵ʵȫѹס䣬ֻ˺öǹӣټϸղô˞ųϣסˣĵ̫࣬Ҫȫʢʱڣͱˡ
ȵսţһɨǧͳżɨ˹ȥ
ܵΣ־һһѪ֮Х֮ǵɨǧ׾ٵĻˡ
һ٣ٴվ˵ߣѪѾĵȫȾˣ˵ɫʮֲ԰ףȵվʱƺͽϵǰԺֱӽǼм䡣


1057 үҪ
ǰܳŵס𣿡ҿһɫɷ׵ˣе
΢΢ͷ˵ܳŵסƶûˣСձ񡭡ȿȡ
˵գ˸ɿһ³һѪĭӡ
һǬ˱һҩƿݸˣ˵ǰвѪҩҳһ϶á
˿һеҩƿ΢΢ҡͷ˵ƶϵˣһĵҩʲôã㻹ɡ
ǰҩǺҶѦҵҩ
ɶһ㶣ֵǺҶѦҩ̣
ԣҸѦҩѦλүƵģ׼áֵ
һεûҿֱһùȥҩ˼ţһԵҩƿֵݸң˵лȻѦҵҩǿ϶û˵
Ҹ˵ĹƺͽѾСձˣٴδĻȡ
ǰЪػҹȥ֣ȽСձŷ˵
˵ţұ˽꣬ҪżȥʱͻȻסҵСӣСһЩСձǸöԸĽɫҿδóȫȥƶһյĹ򣬱ȥСձӡ
ӦһܿҲսţƺͽһǼ䡣
˵һθ佻ֵʱ֮ǰʱҸճûãţ»Ҳ֪Сձʲô·֮ǲ͸ɡ
Һͻֶ׾ٵĴ仨ˮһС
ҪǱ߱˾Һͻ˵ʱͻᱨ
ΪҲɲ⣬˿ƴȻҲռֱˡ
еǰѴÿһλоڶߺХ쳣űľսܸţһеĴԬСӵɻеһƴƺܹ˵ΪҲ޷ȫʹǰѴ̺֮ɭҪԬɻǿٱֹ
һ֣ǿĶֶ֮һս
Ѵǳձһʦ֣֮ѴΪ꣬ǵѹƲסѵܵķɣ䣬б޶ȣ亦
սãֱ˶ûţȴԽսԽ£͵˿Ҫ֧ŲסʱһɼΪȵĞųʱĵһӰûҿʲôˣһͳżص˹ȥ
һϵĶʱһĹ֣֮жһֽζֻһѽӰֱǼȥ
ڸܵɰԵƥ֮󣬷׷սȦǹǿǱżȥġ
һæ֮һŨĺ֮һªĹ˳
֮䣬ǹǿеĴȻײһ
䷢һƺߣǴϵɭʱɢΣ˶˳ȥݺݵ˵ϣһ·ȥ߰Զͣ
ôСձү쭣㻹ΪǺ۸ģһѽݵվǵԱߣż俴ȥ
ȥүһͰ˵ʵˮ׼
תͷ˿ȥʱ򣬷ɫ࣬ɫҲЩѪɫ
ҸЩҪѾˡ
һȥ֮Ǽ˹ȥǴҪĽ࣬Ǽ˿һۣҲ˹ȥ
͵ż仹߰׵ʱǼһͻȻӵϻվлǰѴ
ѪϵĴǻ䣬ڱ֮ϡ
һۻԵƥȻҲıѾãһȥͽǼˡ
Ŵ֮ͱޱȶб۾Ǽˣߴ˵һͨȫǼ˶һãȻ
Ҳ²ʲôû϶ء
Ȼ󣬼ͻȻվֱӣԼǰߴ˵һͨһεˡ
ɫͻȻһ࣬ãСձҪŴУϽס
˵գٴһżն˹ȥȻһȴնһգͻȻԭʧˡ

ȻƬ֮ΧĞų˼ĲоһʮֿµϢǼ˸ϡ˲١
˲Ϣ֮䣬һжʧҲˣããһƬʣĸˡ


1058 
ⳡһ֣Ǽ˶סˡ
ʲôǼʧˣϵЩɱȺҲʧˡ
ڳоֻʣĸˡ
ֵͭɨһȦ˵ˡСձȥˣôӣ
ǼΪһҲһܣ˵ţСϷѣֻһֻƶùֶΣرģҪܵӰ죬һвƣ
˵Ļ䣬ֳ˲˼һĻգۼĹǵ棬ǼһεˣǰѴһٵɱĶǡ
ȻֹһڼֳһһģһˣҲͬĶ
ֻҾһ
ҼԸʱΰƽʹùƵֶΣַֻéɽľѧҲֶΡ
ȻƬ֮һطֳһ䡣
һգ۵Ĺ򣬱
⻹ԶԶûнķֻһһĳ֣һĹֳ
꣬ʲôֻǣֵֻֻ꣬ܽɢˣһĶǼ
һĹͳ߰˸ͷ᲻һģһļ֡
㾰һֱȽϵȻɫҲˣһ˵⡭ⲻǷֻǷûһ磬ֳЩ˲Ǽȫ죡Ͻ֣ȡеķûг֮ǰǽ𣡡
˵գȾͶˣеıһΣ֮㳯һķ˹ȥ
ǼȻи׷׼һĿ꣬żЩȥ
ղҲ˵ˣЩǼ䣬Ҹ䱾һΪҪĻǾֲ̫ˡ
ղҺԼӲſսһƽ֣һŪôҪ֮ء
һҾóƴļƣǽеĽ˳ȥýߵֶЩΧϵţͭǮֱӳһɱ˹ȥ
һЩҲˣ˵Щķʵǿûʲôеĵ죬Ҳʮֵꡣ
Щ˼УҶʱѹؼķÿʮʱһͲĳǵڱ䵶ӣ˷ʤҪƾٰ˲ֶΣһδεĶ㿪ȥ˺üˡ
Сձ俴ҲǸƴˣȻôݵһС
ǲƴɱȴϵΣյľأתۼĹ򣬾ʮķ֡
ʱ֮ڣָһЩΪҲѾǼķڵ
һֱֳʮ˸ʱ򣬲ͣЪ
ʱоȫǼӰӣҲȫɭĵ⡣
ǼѾƴֵˣȴӲѱȫѹƵˣΪߣҲס߰˸ļйۿҲЩ֧š
ˣϼȫˡ
ۿĸ˾ͿҪȫûʱ򣬶Ȼַʮ顣
ԭɫգµգǵ㣬ͻȻ֮ĺϣ𣬻һ׺¡¡
ֻǻĹ¡¡ԽԽ졣
Ӳ˼ǣͷͻȻһ磬񷣬յ͸
ҿզǣļôֲ
Ҳ̫һЩ˰ɡ
ö˶˵ôҪأ
˵⶯ĺˣо׶Ҫ
ԡⳡҺϾӶԸǺĸɵʱ򣬱ŵףɱ˺ĸⳡǴθоأ
ɽҲ֣ѩˣ
һ㳡ɫʱ䣬ͻȻһ֣˦ɫķЩķƵһԣ˵ãϾӹˣڶ״׵ߣҪ취뿪
Ǽ˶±ˣȻڿЦһץס˽ӵӣȻ󼱵ҶɣҴӣʣµ˽ˣһҪ죡
˵գ˦һǷ䡱һȼ˺ͽ˲ʧˡ
꣬Ǵ˵еĵضݷ
ǶˣҺզ죿
ƿң˶µģǼķɳ˸ղŪɫһųϣֱӳɱ


1059 ׺ɱ
Σ̲ݻ
ЩķʧȥĿ꣬һɫĞųϣֱӳɱ˹
Һˣ޷Ըôķֻ·һ
ղ˴˽ӣȴҽƴȥ治֪ôģҲ̫߹һЩ˰ɣ
ֲɽʦĴˣһ㣬һŵضݷ˲ʧӰ١
ȻʮΣҸҶ롣
£һסƵĸ첲Ҵߣ
лϵˡѾһҰף
ֻŴ߶ٰ˲ֶΣܲ뿪
һҧҷת˵ʼ߶ٰ˲׼һλƳǱ˹ȥ
ڴ߶ٰ˲ʱҲ֪ܲ뿪ط֪Ŀռܹ֮ܲѣǲԴУֻðһԡ
ʹٰ˲ֶΣɸʩչ˺ܴѶȣҸоʮֳọ̈̄Ҷ۾ȥҲ˿ͣ٣һҧʹ߰˴ٰ˲ֱȫߣоѾЩѵʱͣ
ʱһΣҪԱԵȥҺԱվŵƣһѽҸסˡ
ϵܡ㡭㻹ðɣӳˡӳˣһ˵ϻεľ壬ȻղŵһĻŵĲᡣ
̧ͷܿȥѾԭǸطʮ׿ˡ
ǸطһƬӰӰƣʲôǼܳĻµԵʡ
ͷ֮ϣܲڳģоʮѹ֡
һ˺ڵĲ񷣬צһĽϿշ裬ת˲š
֮䣬һ糯ǸղڵǸλúݺݵ
¡һ죬Ǹط㱬һž޴Ļ⣬֮϶ʱըһӣˮȻɢ
ƺƲɵ
ִȻǿ֮£κ˶о־ɣҵ϶ʱһ
Һӣ϶ͻᱻǿ׸Уճڵľ̿
ں֮ŰԭսĲɿˣ׷ױ㳡ŵĴ룬Щ治ձҲϴˣһܵıӻ졣
ҵĿһֱѰкǵӰȴһֱûҵ
ղŴ̫ˣԼԹ˲Ͼ޷ӦǣɣԴһҾͲ֪ȥˡ
ϸǶȺ궼Աı»еģҲ̫ġ
ǻкͷ˶ձߵΧ֮»Կ
һĹ򣬽һǸղǸطǸͷţҲס׵ĺɱǻˡ
ݿ࣬ţȵҲס׸һӡ
ʱ򣬻вϸСĵ֧ɢĴΧϵʬ嶼ȼˡ
÷ʬ߿ƵЩëʬҲҪĺɱĿꡣ
ʬԵĲزݣ϶ѡ
Щʬûжϵҵ˾͹ˣҷǲۡ
ҺƿŰʱǵͻȻͶˣתͷһǻѪ˺ͽӡ
ǽһɨһƣЩ˵û˰ɣ
ûСζϵܣҪȻϷˡ˵ţƱһмĿҡ
ߵҵߣһ񣬼үڵݶڼˣպ󶨵𣡡
ɶǶѣҲӦõģ֮Ͷѡҿ˵ţȴ룬һȴǲþȵģ֪СүҪѩǰ֣ҪҶŸɣҲûҷ
Ȼ˶ˣҲֻ˳ˮ飬Ĳ˵ڵǺܴģʵͲڽ֮϶ֵܵһӴš
콭еʱҲǻкܲǣҲҪύһЩȨƵѣһѣ˵ǻܰ֡
ţȴûб¶ϻЦеģ
ϳ˲ղһͨƴɱ˵ضݷľ޴ɫٴαĲҰס
ҵʱϻЦеģ͵Ҷɣƶûп㣬Сٰ˲ֶõĲ
˵˲һһ˵ҾƵĲУ˼ܵıӶ죬һգûӰˣŪҺǱ


1060 ˮ
ҿɲҶ̩ɽһʲôԹԣֻǸ˼䣬ѯһơ
˲ûתͷ׺ɱĵطЩ룬Ƭ֮󣬲ЩƵ˵֮ɽĿҾΪɶֻȴϾӵӰأ
һ£ֵԡ׹ȻȥǷòƲϾӵ·ѵ仹˶֮𣿡
֪Ϊɺ㶮֮ΪɵһбסͻȻ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ܡһֻһˣСӻûʸôľֻʦˡ
Ҳ˰ɣͻȻ
͸ˣѾȥˡ˻ص
ʱ˲ǰչүү𣿻и˵үүȥѾȥˡ
ֿһ׽ϡͷϵҲʼɢ
˿̫صԭֱ˵ϣα㲻ᡣ
һǱƺͽӣĴȥһкǡ
ʱ򣬱֮ͻȻˣһȫ£ֻ¶һ˫۾Űɫʮְ͹£һŮˣǵĶʮѸݣֱĶȥ
һˣҶʱһ㶣Ǵһ
˿̣׵ڣһЩϸСĵĴߣ֮ѾˣǵĵӵǺܴ󣬾Ȼֱܡ
ܵķǺĵĽѩ
ԣ꣬ûٵģĿıΪǽѩ
ЩСձһ֣ҵȫӽѩתƵˣҲҲûѩҵעתƵˡ
˿̣һҲѩҵҪԡ
үӻŽѩء
ҰһֱӾͳǽѩķ˹ȥ
ԤıҵٶҪ࣬ȼǽѩڣȫµͻȻóһѰɫĽݺᣬһ³Žѩ˹ȥ
ԭǽѩΧһסˣȴһ׾ٵжȥзһ֣ǽֱӽѩĸնϣ־С
һٰ˲͵ߣȵѩ£ҪȻҸǲˣ
˵գ˷ӦеĽֶ˵ն˹ȥ
̧ͷһۣһֱ㽫еĽȥ
ײһ𣬷һҸоеĽϴһɵһֱӵҵϣŪһֵġ
һйǺ˱뿪ûҪҲ˼ҴҪȥ׷ԵŮӾӭƮַܣĸƱ㳯˹
һ棬ЩߵŮ˵ĹƣһЩмܣˡ
ŮҲûиҼ˼ұ˼֮תҲǸܵķ˹ȥ
ҴҪȥ׷ʹһŲ
ͷһƴһ׷˽֮⣬һѪԼǶү⻹߰˸ڴĺ֡
ϵܣô˶ˣʲôƹеʵ
ѩ˸ˣǶǾã˵ˡҪѩ
δ˵껰ֱӾͱ˳ȥձû˵ڵֵţϵڵѣƵ飬˶ȥѩͣ
ƵĻһͦжģûа׾ȡ
˵ǿǰ˵ڵ˻ᷭϾѩǮǼ٣ҪѩģҲò
һߣЩڵ˾ͽ׷ˡ
һ׷˱ۿЩ˳һܶ˽ȥ
ܴ󣬲ֻܾǽһڣ϶ڡ
һȥʱʹ˴򶷵죬ұǱܶĶڵʱ򣬵һâ貣һĶͳ˹
һæǶһĢϣǱĢҵķ飬ɢһء
ͷһĢĶǻеϽ𲧡
ϽȻȻ޹⣬ⶫٴһи˽ˣȻǳ˿Ƭ̲飬ͱ˽ȥžͿ˱ߵһĻ


1061 װ
ߵıܶʮҵĵطҿͷɡ
˸˵ϣȻǸոձ˴ڵء
ɷվһ˵ϡСأҵ
ҹȥɲæʵϸ磬ղʲô
ղŻսʱҾͷ˹Ĳ϶ǱŽѩģͶ˷ղױ˵еǸ˸ģộȥѩʱұ˻кͷסǵȥ·˵ֶʮָҺͷûоͱſˣֱ׷ǳȥˡȥɣ˵׷ϣЩĴߴٵ
ҿһͷмĳ˵ͷ
ĹѾŴ׷һߵķ׷ȥ
ܶƵ˶ʮӣǲ˳
һããһƬȴ˺ܶӡ
ѭŽӡһ·׷ʮӵĹ⾰žͿ˻еӰǰ棬ڶ·񱼣һŮ
ȥķһ±ϡ
һĻжʱһϲǽѩŪϷġ
ƾһˣֵĶ֣Ǽڵһ֣˿϶ǵĶ֡
զ˵ҲǷҺôһ飬ˣҲа취ҪϵĴǻˣⶼ˵ҲʶһصЩˡ
˵Ҹоһصˣղлɺͷ֣ȴûô
ҸһصӺǲݵľ棬ɱǿ϶֡
ղǺӻףɱ˼䣬˻ǰģӵľһ
ֻҪǿϽѩңʲôҪǮû⡣
Щ߰飬˼ٰ˲ֶΣ׷˻С
Ѿ׷±ϣҲͣ
ͻȻת߿˹ʱڵҲȫ
ѩʲôҪǮУҪȻɲҪĺǰһվָ˵
ڣǸӿһۣ˵
ǾڵˣʶĸϽѩǲֱв
ƨǺһһ֣ͻȻתſ˫ֱ֣Ӿͳȥ
ŮҲͬǺһ㣬ſ˫֣һ
꣬ǲ
һ£˶סˡ
Ҫ֪ѾǧϵѩˣһȥԷǣĿܣѩûôأ
һ֮Һͻнžܵ±¿ȥ
Ȼϵǣ˲ûеǰֱˤ䵽һʱֱӷɽ֮ش
Ƶͷ˿һۣεҡҡͷ˵ϵ·⣬һںеװܶⶼװУ⼸˵׼ĺְܳ
ٴγϸһۣſ˫֮ζſ˲٣һ޴
õģѼӶˣ˰һĪ˵֡˵
תۼĹ˵Ӱʧããɽ֮䡣
תͷƣʵʲô·ܿĳ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵̫ʵˣղŸǽ֣ʲô·ӣ
ϸһ£Ȼ˵ǺеĽرǰɫģƺ̺⣬һֵġ
˼˵⣬ܽף⵹ͦ˼֮ϣһû˵˭¡
һ£תͷңɫϵܣģֻҪڻĵĵϣһжð죬ҪڵʵͽϢȥеѰ⼸˵䣬֮ڣҿ϶һ𸴡
һ֣Ǿˣҵҿ϶ٲġ
һ֣Щ˵˵ϵܣ˵⻰ͼˣϷһģ̸Ǯǲ̫˸ˣ
̾ϢһͻȻֳأôһæôãѩ˱У˭֪


1062 ǧ׷
һұ㿴˻Уʵϻ֮ǰǽ֣ûзʲô⣿
ҡҡͷ˵ûУǹص޷ֱɵģҵǾһ⣬Ǹ׵СӱŪĶͦΪȴǶߣµŮΪҪúܶ࣬ұŮϳһЩ
Щɻˣ˵״һǿҪǿΪΪ֧ţõĻԷ١
Ͼǿɽλϼϵһ𣬲ʩչ״ģСȴƾһ˱ԽȻС࣬ȴҲܹǿļ
صĹģôͨĵطȻҲʶ
ε̾ϢһֻнѩܹҼүӵô๦򣬻ûнŪ֣Ǻã
ʱɵⲢûдһֱﲻĻŪѩľǡ
һյĽЩСձὫһڱĽʿ¾
ʵ룬ʱľٶҲڣô
Ҿ᲻ʱͻȻߵߣ˵ϵܣģ˭˽ѩڿ϶ģ֮ڣһ׼ϢֻڣȺСձӻܹɾҴʣµֵȥңȡȫǸˣôģȺСձ̫ɺˣɱɾʲڶ
ҵ˵ͷƺ˼䣬ڵ·˱֮ܶУߵʱǰԵ컹ͷһۣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷǴк
Ҳĵͷһ֡
ʱ˶֪Ǽ˳֣Щ˹ƶˣԵڸʾãҲܵλ֡
һߣЩü˵СţԲסˣֵûãûסǡ
ҿһۻУɫϻһֱôңѾܸмˣǼΪܸߣס顣
˵⼸˿ֻΪѩģǺӺɱǼ֮⣬ûκһˣҾӦǱȽɵߡе
ţƷӦûɶ⣬ѩҲǵģ˭б¾˭ģŪ˵ǻǱ²áڵҲ˵ˣǴ˵üĿġҰο˵
ʱ򣬻ͻȻ뵽ʲôͻȻֵˣϼһӶ࣬˵⣬ûа취
ãҲôġ
˵ţұͻһ𣬴ȥϣȻʱ򣬲Զȴ˵Ӱǵ֮Уɺͷ
˿첽ܿ͵ߣĴɨһۣʵû׷ϣ
ţǷˡе
ˣһ㶣ֵôɵģȥˣ
ɽ£ֱȥˣǴ·⣬ڵ˵װУҲн͵
ɸæܹȥһۣܿ۷˻ɫ粻֪Щʲô
ϸ磬Ǹզ죬ѼӶˣ㿴ܸܲ취̽ʵ
̧ͷһۣͻȻٺһЦ˵СţģһжϸأղƴһŮͷק˼ͷƾ⼸ͷǻܹҵǡ
˻һڣǰһеаؿˣ㻹˼޶˼Ҵͷ㶼źӵˣôϲ
ɰ˰֣˵Ҿ׷ϣһУСƤƴʱ򣬲Ź޶һͷЩͷڣϷһСֶΣʩչǧ׷ܹܿҵǡǲ֪ϷΪ޶СƤͷһţҵء
ǧ׷𣿡Ȳʵ
ףǷģֻҪǻɽķΧ֮ڣǾҵǡɶȻ
ҵǵʱǽѩѾˣǸҲ˵Ƶ
ģѩҲԾͳԵģҪüλҩã̺鷳ҪȻʵ䷴ЧôҲõҵʱ䡣ֵ
ɵ⻰Ǽٴһ·ű۷صǱ֮ϣ㰴ԭ·أ뿪ȻȥѰ߽ѩˣôʰʣЩСձ飬ҲĲˣ⼸ɵĲǡ


1063 ѩҾ
Ǽ˷ر֮ϵʱ򣬷Ĵģ⼸ɺŵѩɽĴЩձߵӰ
ڣѩҲûˣߵŪľ˽֪϶ɢȥϢʱ˳ֵʱӦҲвۿ
ұΪ˽ѩŷڽѩûˣҲûдɱɱıҪͽ˵Ͽ϶Ҳÿ
ûƴɱ壬ֱŽһߣպĴͳڸɽɵһҲȫԷǿӶ
һͨѩ־ƽϢŪһգϣɽɺʧ߶˺ܶˣ˷۱
˶йڶ׼ЩСձɽҰȥѰǵӰ
ɽҲ֪ͨʲôִɽɵ˲ֹɽ»һֵһͬЩСձ
ӦϣЩСձҲӲȥˣǸ߽ѩһ㣬װУѩɽ´ߡ
꣬飬Ⱳǵһ
Ѽӣķˡ
˵ЩձߣȻ˻ĵĴһǹеҪ¾ҹߣѩ
СձĵλӦͦߣǵн̽ӦöͦģЩձ߶ʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
ɵ飬˵ͨҪͨ⽻ֶΪǣҲǲܵġ
˭˵Ϊֻ˵ҲҲֻԼưͿ
·ϣ˾ͽϵƤ߸ָ˱ģȻˣ·ûб䣬ܶ˶ϳǣһ·ϣиɵ˸ǿĴкڵˣнүнлүҸţڽ϶Ѿá
Ǽ˻רŵ׵һۣǸѾĽһƬ֮϶һ󶴣¸סˡ
ʬûҵҵһƬڵĺۼǱ׸
ʵ֤Ūʮ˸ڻ֧ɵģʵһˡ
Ҫ˵һúúøлǼѩߵˣҪ׺ɱ˼䣬Ǽ»ʮΣա
ڸɨһȦͻȻ˺иĶ붼˱֮УǼõĴ
ѵŲֻʮ㣬˵ᷴˣȴǷǷ
ѵҲһѱδЩ˷ˣ붼û룬ͽǴװǬ˱֮УԼãԺҲǲġ
˸ģǵߵԭڵĵطһѾûӰҲ֪ȥˡ
ϵƣûиСǲָܻ
һսҲʶ˸·Ӣǰǣ˲ˣȴҲ˲٣ֶһЩѡ
ҪǱܶʱ򣬻ɽɵĺˣɽ߽ҺѣлǼȵ飬ȥɽ͡
ɽȻһĴţҲʵǿһţ˼ҸۿҲܵ˼ңֻҪ²´пգһá
ֵһ˵ǣɽɵ˵ʱͷȴԸɽɵ˼档
ǳ˱ܶʱ򣬲ͷϡ
ѩɽʱֻصľ棬ҵԽҰ
ʱɫѾЩˣľ¾ۼ˲ˣ󲿷ֶߣǱʱЩȣ̫࣬Ҳ֮һ
Щ߶ľķһ곤̾˿޿䡣
һʣ֪׶ͬһ춯صĴ飬ǧȫضӿľ壬ȥѰҽѩ
ѩӰӶûҵ֪ģȴѩһ½ö˶˺Ļѩ棬Ѿ춼ȥˣ˲ࡣ
ЩѾ֪ͨص˹Ԯд侯ؾ룬Щߵ
ϢǼ˶ͦ𾪵ģˡ
֮ǰ˵ľ֮ϾҪܶˣı׼ˣѩûһǧҲа˰١
Ϊһѩô཭֣ϸһ룬ôֵ
޷Щʲôǰ֪ˣҲһôûС
ܶʱ˶̰ϣǿջǰܶ˶գ֮⡣


1064 
صйزŶһֻ۱һֻ۲룬Ҳܼȣǵ̬ȣҲǶԴ˵߷ŵĺܿˡ
˵йزŵնģҪЩȫȫڴˣҲûпܣǲ̫ʵ
Щ˵Ȼвٶ֣ȫҲϲ˻ĴߵĸǣΪéɽɽɽû˹룬е߸û˶ѩ˼Ȼһ⡣
һ򽲾徻ĴԿգõĸɮὫ
ľ²ûжãֱӿų뿪ڸһͣ
ȵ˸ʱ򣬷طûǰˣҲߣ˷֮С
ҵѩ־Ļ˶ⳡ־֮г˴ȻǶԽѩ黹û꣬Ҫҵ߽ѩ˲С
Ҵҵù֮УǻصԼķ֮ڡ
ɻʮСģһȥͼ򵥵Ĳһ޷ǵ̸κζ
Ū֮ⷨɲŽǸеһ𣬴һðֽõĿڴĸ˵Ǽɲ֪Ϊ˵õСƤļͷҿǳ˴СƤݺݵһϣڻأСţɵúúøлҲС
Ȼϸôңʲô㾡ܿ޶ҺٺЦ
ڻûãһæһ˵ţһߴ۵˺ܶεİֽ
ʱ򣬻л̲סҾͿǵ˱˻ԣ˲֪ҿǿŮ˳ǽһ־ȻҲǼõģʱ˶ϣˣå˼һŶģûѾܿˡ
̧ͷ˻һۣҪ˵ЩʲôɫıסˣһʮֳԾģ춼û˵
飬˶ʮɻһæʵզˣͷŪˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ԣʱҼǵŮ˺üͷôȫ˰ɫĳëأ
˵ţɽŰֽ§־ȻǼ׳İɫëԾͲ˵ͷĳֶϵëôЩŹˡ
Ǽ˿һۣһɻ𾪡
ʱͷҲʱϵǸŮ˵ʱҾڳȷʵ޶˼ʮ׳ͷֽʱҲǿģôͱ˶ĳëأ
˶Щɻ󲻽⣬ɳƬ̣һص˵ֻһֿܡ
ʲôܣǼ˶ͬʵ
˵ŮпܲˣĳûɵΣ뱻޶ͷλ࣬ҪȻҲͷ˶ĳëɫȻ˵
ﻯҲİҸѦСձһһСԻûΣߣڶϻµֻǧҲ
ŮҲҲ˵ͨ
ϣһдﵽһľ磬ԻΪˡ
֮飬󲿷һΣѡΪΡ
Ǽһ֮󣬻вųԾ˵ϸ磬пʲôûɵģ
ҡҡͷ˵ҿ˵׼еֻҪдﵽˣпܻΪΣԼ¶ҪȻ˭Ҳ֪ɶ
һӣѩӻ˼
ǵõ۵ʱɵɫɫܹα˵Ѿǣҵ֮ϣѾڵִܹԸģСţҸоҪѩ̫ˣŪֱӾͱɱˡ
ҳƬ̣˵ҲһɣҺѦСձһǧУһŶٶ꣬ԻΡ
ⲻһһǶﻯһֲﻯֲﻯΪҪһЩߣǧ껱϶С㻯ǣҪȻԲܻΣʵʵĴŸɣ϶ҪԴɽ͵
Ūѩһ·ô˳һصһֶ滹Ҫѣͷۡ
˼Ƭ̣űɵȷһǵķλʲôطôѩ취


1065 ϶
Ӧһ˵Щʲôȴεҡҡͷ
ǴǸڴһż״Ķϣóɰëʣóһſհ׵Ļֽ
ʱڻֽддһͣŪһҴûмķ
ǼëŸոдõĻֽסˣżڡ
ʱɱ۾ĬһϷŵżͻȻվðһŰɫϳŶϷ˽Եϡ
ţ̸ֽ˳ָٵ㣬ϵָأתһͣЪ˺һ֮ɲ۾Ǽһ۵Ѿ뿪˽϶УǵڣжˣҲ˵Ǵѩɽ֮󣬾Ѿˣҹζ࣬Ҿ˴ҲǹСĵġ
ϢǼ˶Щƣһ·Ҳ̫˳ˡ
ǰ񼶱ĸѩҲͰˣŸţŻҪǧ׷١
ûģ¶ûҵϣ˵ھȥ׷ܵԶˣ׷û׷ˡ
һҹ˶ûкúϢ¶Щ̲ݻŪǧ׷ȻͦģҪ˵ǧ϶ЩţӦûɶ⣬һԷܳ뷶Χ֮⣬ǱҲ޷ȷǵķλ
ֵҲûʲôϾߣҹ˯Ҳжôƣ
طعϡҲ࣬Բֶ³һСʱȥһٹƵģԣĲܵһһʱ䡣
Ǽ¥뿪˱ݣ̶λǼһ·Ŷϵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ڳϣһ̶ֱλһֱǱֶٶľ롣
ҽֱӿĸһ㣬ʱǱ뿪˽ͷǼҴꡣ
鷢չѾͷû̫ĹϵȥǽѩҲظȥգͷ
ɶ廢ѾȷȫˣӳȥĵҲǿ콫ԴҲûѰҲܹ
ͷȴʮ˼˵һͻȻҵʱĸо̼ͦģһȥǺ˵˵ŴͷϾжӺͶϱˡ
ӺͶϱȥѣڶûлгҲϵ
ͷҲǸǰ˲æұ㰴ԭȵԼǬ˱һȽʾл
ͷƳҪҪ׷ѰǽѩˣûʱĥĥֱӽǮͷ㿪ų뿪˴˴
Ǳ˴֮䶼ϵʽԺʱ䣬һ۾ۡ
һֱȫǰûͣ˼ҷһֱϷ򣬹ǿ϶Ҳǿųġ
ǵķһֱϷУٶȺܿ죬ʼձڶٶľ롣
Ǳͷ֮ǲҵһӣͣľͼ׷ȥ
ԷûκͣЪǾһֱں棬˲óԣֻгҪ͵ʱǲͣЪЪš
һֱŶԷʻһһҹ߸ʡݣǵʡһźߵСУԷͣҲƽеĺСס˽š
켸ҹûкúϢˣһͣʱЩܹˡ
ʱľż˵ĸ֮£ϸһǵķλǻмʮء
ǰߣ͵ˣȴҲ֪ﵽ׺⣬ΪǱס
ǲˣҲЪЪţϸһôѩŪ顣
˵мߣӲƴĻǿ϶УǼǶ֡
ԣֻİ취ѩ㵽֡
ߣҲʲôΪ֮ѩĵر˿ɵãѩɽʱ򣬴ҿΪһⶫǵǵĶˣǹȥΪ˼ҵ̫ʡ
ڣҲóȻȥǷڸǣݾߣһʧʱǲܹȥһٽѩ¡
е˼ѰҰ֣ܹڵ˹æǰԵԮ֣ת
Ҿûпԣڵ˹ƻɽô̵ʱ֮ڸϲߣǹ֮󣬽ѩŪ֣һ˭ġ


1066 ǧַү
ɿѾֻʣѦСˣƺҲòȽŲ˵ΪҺͻȻһء
Ҹүүǿ϶Уһϵϣүϴڤ֮еδȬڶүҲΪɽҲҽүү˵
ʵڸ㲻ûа취İ취ŻҸү
ҽʶ˶һ飬ܹõԴҲһ¡
Ȼ䣬ͻȻ뵽һˣڽվݵéɽ£һһѣҸǲʶǸéɽɽŻ˵ֳǧַүλ
һ뵽ҶʱЩĻŭţǧַү͵ı¹Ĵضûģ֪ľܽϵʬ͵ߣ˸ȥ͵ǽѩжɹϣܴ
ǧַүҲǺԶٹѣĻҲĸСʱܵⲻʧΪһõ⡣
ɸ꣬׾ٵĽѩ㵽֡
뵽ұ㽫¸к˵һ£뷨֮󣬶˫ֱʾ޳ɣҲʮָˡ
ʹ󽵵ǵķգøֱӶˡ
ұֻǧַүһ绰ȥ
ǧַүҲûʱһֱæĲɿ
ǧַү绰ȥ֮ͷԵʮָˣһʼסһ˵ˣϸˣôʱҲȾƵġ
Ͼˣ˵ɶҶţҲĸ˼Ųǣ˵ù˲һ鷳һֱѲ¡
ǧַүǺܺ˵ģϾ֮ǰһֱн顣
˰죬Ҳ˵⣬ɫ˵ϸ磬һֵæûʱ䣿ֻҪϳ֣ǮʲôĶ
˵ǧַүЩõ˵˵СŰǶֵܣ̸Ǯ̫ˣ˵˵ɣǸɶܰһ
ǧַү˿ڣһϲ˵¶˵϶ڵ죬˵СһҲûɶ¶ǰ͵һ
˵ǧַүһЦ˵һΪɶأ¶Сһòϳ֣ҽͽܹȥֵ֤ͽܣɶǵõϷ洫ʲôӵġ
һ˵бһɫϸ磬˲У¶͵֣ҪȻҲġ
͵ʲôֵôģ˵ǧַүҲЩȻ
ѩһص
ɶǧַүһ˵⼸֣ʱһ㶣֮󣬲һ˵ڽϿɴˣ߶ȥ˴ɽɽȥһǽѩϷҲȥոֵģһ뵽ǵط϶Ƽܶඥ֣뻹ˣȥ϶һڻңôţҲǼ飿
Ӧһ˵в룬սѩ˱УѾǼ˵λã͵ϹˣǽѩүүģұҪŪ֣ϸ磬æװﲻ
ǧַүã֪Щʲô˺һŵǺðɣҾͰһѣ¶ϷԶֲУأ
һƽеСǡЩ˵
ðɣңǼСʱ֮棬ʲôǼ˵ǧַүҵ˵绰еʯͷҲ˵ء
һԵҲҲҸǧַү˵飬¶ˣҲܸˡ
һұݰ켸ҹû˯ȷʵЩˣԶһȺǧַүĵ
Ҳô˯ҪһֱϵĶһ˯ˣǼˣǾ鷳ˡ
ǼȻЩƣȴҲ˯ţֻһָһ
ԼСʱ֮ҵĵ绰ǧַүġ
һϲͨ˵绰ǧַү˵ˣڶվ
סıݾڳվԵƬ̣ҿųǼȥվȥǧַү
ڶվĴſڣҿǧַүǰģȣ·ƮƮġ
ǧַүһң˹ҵļЦðСӣһʱûĴţ˵һصȸ϶ɱˣСţȰ
Ǻ˼䣬Ȼұ㽫ɺͻжܸǧַүҲǼɣĴˣԥһƬ൱ʱǧַүȻ𾴡
һ֣óһ˵μ棬һ񡭡


1067 ûʧ
óĶһСӣкϳǼ˾͸ȥ
ԽҰ֮ɲŴСֱٺЦղڶͷȲתһȦۿز飬һţȺģ϶Ϊ֮ӿǲ˳ۣ˳־ͽϵֱߣҿʿٴɶģ缸ðɡ
ȻǼֱûɶоֱӵ˵ƼֵƣһֱֻôҲʮ˼ǧַүתһȦŪֱֵʮֱұ˻޴Ӳ治Ǹǵġ
⵱һݴǼҲûȫʾޱȸл
Χ˶ӣ˵̫㣬ұ㿪Ǽ˻ص˱ݡ
˷֮վɲһ򵥵ĸ󣬴һŷֱ
ǧַүҵĶ棬֪ǰҪ飬ҲûжЩģСţǽѩǱʲô˸ˣƾڵĽλֶΣֻҪʲôã϶ܹ㶨ǣϸʲôֵ
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵ϸ˵ļǣȷʵӲӣǵҲûǵʲô·Ψһ֪ǣԷһˣһӣŮˣŮ˺пɾΪεĴӲĻǹƲǶֻ֣ϸ֣ǽѩ֪͵ˡ
ǧַүüͷЩԾ˵ҵţȻдϷ˴뱲ӶûмʲôɾĶҪΪεĻǼĵУڽڵģֲǻе֣⻹ǸӲӡ
ҪȻҲϸˣʵûİ취ˡϵ˵
ǧַүƬ̣ʵȥѩĸֺܶ࣬϶ĺҲ֪òɽҲ飬˼ҵΪд֣ƾ˵ΪҲܹƽô䵽ǵأ
ε̾Ϣһ¶Ҫ˵Ǻû˵ˡ
Ǽ̵Ľʱǧַү˵һ飬棬ľѣһ亹˵ԼҿûԴһҲȥ֣˵СҲпܶ
û뵽ǣȻСձҲ鵱Уѩɽϵһڸָ¾Ҳˡ
ˣҲ׽ǽѩߡ
ǧַүȺСձʹһ٣˵Ǽ䱻׸ˣЩձҲ౻ɱ˸ɾžý
˵֮Ǳٴλع⣬ǧַү˾סʲôط
ɱǧ׷ֽţܹҵǾλã˿ʾǾŴ˴ʮ￪ĳһطӦúܺҵ
˵ǧַү˵˱ãֻǵ˽ѩȻзһֻػţҪ͵ѩҲʲô׵飬Ļ뿿סĵطȥµҹʱٲȡж
Ǽ׷׵ͷУ˼Ҹоרҵ
һЩĵ˵ϸ磬ɶ¶ΣԺܴ󣬵ǻһȥһ©͸ǱţǺܿͻϹȥ㣬͵ǾֻˣҲ˲ôˡ
ǧַүȴҺٺһЦ˵СŰҲ̫СǧַүͷˣϷСѧգүŵտ˼ʮ꣬˵󻰣ϸҾʹûʧ֡
⻰ţ͵ʬʱһûУʲô͵Ķ֪
ǧַүӦľһϸ磬¶Ͱˡ
ǧַүסҵӣٺЦСһҿɳܲڿǽ۲ȵ꣬ϸڴţȵʱ򣬶˵ֵܣϳˣ˻ţ
һ˵ɫһ죬ϸ磬⻰̧ˣҲֵǰţԼһ˹˲֪ˡ
ǿһǧַүһݵţſڴһȥȵˣҺͻҲҪȥǧַүȴ˵˶ӣ̫㣬Ϊ˱ֻȥˡ
֮󣬱ʣҺͻˣﶼЩ㷲Щ˵İΣ
ڴʱҵĵ绰ͻȻһΰƽģһͨΰƽſǻСţˡ


1068 үүΣ
ΰƽҵӡһֱȽϳȣ²
Ȼ˿̸Ҵ绰ʱȴ˿ǻʱͷһһֺܲõԤУæʵ޸磬ʲô˵
ΰƽЩ˵ֳһֱ̫ۣƶǰһֱҲѾ˹ȥ²ʡ̵ѾҽѦǬ˹ʱȶסˡȥɽҶȣȥѦҵλүӡ
˵ΰƽͻȻסˣûټ˵
æߴٵʲô
ѦǬ˵ƶ̩ͬɽѾˣ͵ɽҶλүҲŲס೤ʱ䡭СţүӲˣϽһɡ
ϢǰʱһڣЩת絶ʣܵľҲ˵һ
ΰƽ˵ʲôҲˣһĳ嶯
ϾѪŨˮŵĶ˼ҵѪ˼ҪҶȥôЩܲˡ
绰֪ʲôʱҵģվá
пԣæʵСţʲô飬𣿡
үү첻ˣƶǰ޴˵˵Ųסˡѹ޵ĳ嶯˵
˵Ҳһ㶣һ˵ôô鷳ɴˡˣǽܹõѩĻүӳˣü𣿡
ղֻѹˣȻ飬ǰʱ仹üĻǻоȻүӵϣǾǽϾͽѩŪȻ͵ɽҶȣүӵ
뵽æָΰƽһ绰ȥѦҵˣΰƽӦ˵һһظ
һģżתһֱڰο˵࣬ʲôӵġ
˵ãΰƽĵ绰ûеȵǧַү˾Ѿ۷˻
һұ㿴˵ɫЩأʲôԸ㶨顣
үү˵һ£ҲǴ⡣
ڽѩûи㵽֣Ҽүӱǰˣһмٳʲôӣ鷳Ĵˡ
鷳ǣүүֲǽѩ͵ǼǽѩŪҲ壬еŬḶ֮һ档
ɺǧַүǱߵϢҲǺֹۡ
֮ǰȥȵų⳵³˾סĵطתһȦסĵطһƽнһ֮ڣʮɭϣԺӵͷ˵ȫλǣԺﻹǹҲͰˣɻ˵ǷΧвõķһ˽룬ױܴҲͱ¶ˡ
Щһ׼ķʩ޷죬Ҫֽǽѩ͵Ҳô׵顣
鷳ѹЩ͸˶Ҫø⣬¶׻ܸܲˣ
ҳʱ򣬵绰ͻȻٴóһΰƽģæнûС
ΰƽ˵ʹѦǬҼүӻܳ죬õѩĻϣܹҼүӻѦҵλүӳֲſԡ
һ˵ҵ΢һЩ
ĿǰǣǽϱҪѩ㵽֣˶ôıأ
Ǽ˱֮˶Բߡ
ֳ˱仯ҼүӲأһжҪ׵֤һʧ
ڵǶԷɭϣǧַүԼ͵͵ȥֵĻҲܴ󣬼ǵˣҲױԷ֡
ǧַү˼ǣǼΧӦһмʮˣΧЩ˵Ҳûκλɳˡ
һΪķǾ߳
˿װȥ͵ǽѩ϶ᱻԷ֣Ƿ֮󣬱Ȼһ׷ʱ򣬵˾ͻɾ裬һǧַү׵֡
ⲻʧΪһð취Ҿû׵Ϊܹ֤ѩܹ֣ȵ˽ҹȽǶ֮ڣȻǧַүȥ͵ɺͻӦǧַүһѩ֣ҲõңֱӴŽѩɽȥѦСߣкɶ֪·ѩѦСߵ֮үүоˡ
Ŀǰ˵뵽Ϊһְ취ɹļʻǺܴģǼ˶Щ̫ͬ⡣


1069 Ǳ
ǲͬԭܼ򵥣ΪҽԼһ̫ΣյľأһץסҪСϾҲǺǵġ
ȻҵĿȴӹɵģôΪҼүӵҲֻƴһˡ
켣⼸꣬ⱾҲǰ׳ģ򲻹ܵıӦûеġ
ôˣǸоʮĵȴ
Ҫһֱȵҹ֣֮ܶʱΪиһʱ䣬ҲΪƣʱһɻ¶ѡôһʱ㡣
ǽƻŪ֮󣬷ͺ
ȥһЩƲ˻ص˱֮Уһһ㷹͵ҹжˡ
Ժ֮˶һȡԼΪ۷״̬²°빦
֪ʱܿ쵽ҹʮһ࣬һһ¥ֱӴһ⳵ֱ˵Ǹȥ
֮ûпԼĳ̫ҡҲǻϳǿ
ǵʱѾʮˡ
һԶĺ߱ΧȺɽƣ羰ǲ
˵һԷͦǮģǮ˾ͰڣסڷϲأԼһ緶
ó⳵֮Ǽ˶һµͷɫĽ¡
ҺͻԼҲ´Ƥߣһ֮ǰҵƤ߸ǧַүα¶Ҳᱻ˲ҵ
ǻƤߣǼ˻úڲס档
Ū֮Ǽ˱Ϣ˰ɽǴ
èľӲ֮䣬ǱһۣʱЩľ꣬ɫͷܲǱΧرۣԺʱʱĴȮ֮ҵûôˣҲ֪˵Ǹġ
Ȼǹ߳ģҲõı¶ΣҲĿŵĽȥ
Ҹ󼸸˴һкèǱ˹ȥ
ļ˷׷ҪСģҪԷģ֮͸Ͻܡ
ӦһٵĳǱ˹ȥ
֮ǰҸǼ˶˵ģһǵ֣ͻҴкѣҲἰʱϹȥԮǧַүдֻ
ϢĿǶβһӲ֮С
ɽ˼ʯͷǽǼ׼ҵͷˣִ׼õҩӣŹѵķ˹ȥӱ˵ˣǹñһ£ܵιȥ
ҵǹڷʱ򣬲ŷǽԺļֻǹȫſѲˡ
ȥ˵طԼԺϸɨһۣԺɨĺܸɾһȪڴԺſλͣһ·Ǳصġ
ʱ˱ǳȥĴ
ĴŽգҳű忴һۣٴʯͷļͷȫȥΪ˸ǧַүɨϰ׵֡
һ㣬ķƶǹŵģֻеļŵơ
˸طǱĵ㣬Ҫǽѩʲôλá
գۼĹҾµ˵㣬ǽһŵƵķ俴ȥ
һƬѩףõĺֻܽɨһۣ㱻龰סˡ
ڷ俿ǽλһźܴĴһŮʮҵӣʮֺÿһͷںڵĳɢԴΧʮ־£ҶüĽëӣС죬ϸĸӰƵģΨһвǣŮɫܰף׵Ĵһɫˣܸһֲĸо
˵ŮԣòȣôƯŮټס࿴˼ۡ
ҿŮʱͻȻӵˣһæƬ֮󣬾ʹһŲСٴοȥʱǰһǸĺ˧СӣӦøҲҲĸһӰƵģʶǲ࣬⼸궼ûôӣǰ򹤵ʱǿһż磬ǽʲôӱܡиԱľͦ˧ģǰ˵мơ
ҿŮԱߣ벻һٶ˵ĶƬɣ
ǳ͵ˣ
һԿŮ淢Щٶ˵ĳĻӦҲܺÿ
ӵҿ죬ЩѩɽѩǸӡ
ԽԽ
Ȼʱ򣬴¥ͻȻһȣʲôˣ
һʹ¥ֱӵȥ


1070 
һͷһͻȻͳһˣڷһȵͬʱͻȻһǿֵ磬ʱյǰããһƬ
ͬʱӢҲоҵĴڣһͳ
һȭǲֳץǧһ֮ʣ߶ٰ˲ֶΣתۼ͵˵棬Ȼתܡ
һĹ򣬱ĴŴˣͻȻ֮Ǳ֮гʮˣﶼżһֱ߶
Ҳ֪ôҵģѲҹ䷢ſ˴ϣ˷ͷŲλãԲų鿴
ҪĽ
תܵʱ򣬻⳯һۣԭ¥Ǽ䷿ӢֱӴ¥Ĵ˳Ҳ߸Щһ׷˹ǣȴûпûεŮ
Щ鷳ˣĵĪǵʵΪǿĻǧַүҲ֣кҲܴܵв
ˣҲҵˣֻܾҶԷĽ࣬һָ
һתûʱŷǴſڻмˣǱһ㡣
һƤ˵ͳ˹
׷ŵЩߣǰǼ˶ͨˣӭ泯ܹȥһһȫ׾ٵķŵڵأǶûпôֵġ
ҲţȴҲѲңһ㷭˹ȥ
һأͿӢҲվ˴֮ϣվסǰһұ֤ĺѿ
˶ˣϼ˵ţһŽһʯͷߵķ𣬳СӴ˹ȥСһԾ㿪ʯͷһѩ׵ı֮䣬Ҷʱоһʮǿ꣬ǶҶɱġ
ҲſҴ͵һҪҵ
ӢӴӴ֮ͳٴŴʱҲѾ򿪣ʮŸʽоͳ׷
ʱҸаͣЪתͷܣӢں׷ĺܽһֱŶʮ׵ľ롣
ܲȻΪҲѩɽı֮ҸйݵĽ֣ҸоΪҲڲ֮䡣
ⶰź߲ԶߵķǺߵλá
໥׷˴Լжʮӣ˺ߣӿĺ˻ͣӢҲʮ׷
ź߻мʮ׵ľʱҵĽŲͣ׷ŵЩҲ˽ŲԷֳ˳߰˹ҵ·
ӢӾеİɫʵʲôˣܵҪʲô
ҳ߿һۣûлţǧַүʱûж֣ѾסСʱˣѾҵļޣ໹ٳƤ
ֻûҿڣһ׹Ʈɶȥ
һͷһԭһ椣ƮƮʮ崿͸¶һ˵ģСƤ˿ЦӯӯĿң˵Сӣܰҿܵȥ
ֱӲҳƤĻᣬǰ·סˣǸ׽ˣ³϶ܲҡ
Ҿˣֱܰɡ
һǴ椵ʱȴϲǲΰ룬Ǵֵܴܲߣ⣬ĳ֣ȷһ飬ǾǧַүȸõһЩ
˿Ҳ˵ôˡ
һεĴ߶ٰ˲ֶΣһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ΣֱԽǴ
ٶЩ׷ҵ˶ʱһ£ǴϵЦݺܿʧˣü΢ҧһ촽˵ÿ
ʱѧٰ˲ֶΣΪõģó
ǴŭˣǾϷˣͳһ˹ޱȡ
ʱŴѾܽǰʹ˺ˮ
һֱ̣ӽͭǮ˳˱ͭǮšһ죬Ҿ˴֮УͭǮҲֽ˼ʮöͭǮǴ˹ȥ
ֻҪֹǴûҪɱ˼Ҳôɱġ
߸һ֮УʱЩԣں¶ԴһĴɢͭǮȻһͭǮǴУͭǮзһҪѳȻȴѲãҲܿͭǮʧȥϵ
ͬʱӢҲʮһͬ˺У׷


1071 ˫˫
ͭǮŸҵ˵Ҫ˿ȴǴУҪѾˡ
ʵʱûиһֻϣһܹûεĴƴ
ڻҪүүŽѩȥأͭǮǴţȡ
ֻĿһվںߵĴһۣתǱ˺ˮ֮С
Ǵ֪ʲôƺЩˮ׷ֻǰͭǮһĳҿ˹
һǱ뺣ˮ֮УӢӱʮһͬǱˮУ˹
֮Գź׼
ҸһǱ뺣ˮ֮УǬ˱һϴν³ֶ֮ʱֻϵıˮ飬߶Ǳˮͷ˳һһĶҰ֮гұ߶űˮһֱźǱȥһʼЩ˻׷һξ룬˺Ǳ֧Ųסˣ׷ϸȥֻӢ׷Һóһξ롣
ˮ黹һʮķεȻûұˮ죬ܿͱ˦ȥԶ
ǼһܲһеĽһͳҴ˹
һоЩֵģæ߶űˮ㿪һ⡣
֮£Ӣֻѡź渡ȥ
ҶڱˮЩľսһʱҲڸȥźһֱǱγȥ߰ŴӺ׸ˮ棬ϸ۲һ¶Χû֮󣬲˰
Ӻ³֮ҵĻֻϵƺǿĶ޵ĴҿȥС
ĳЩ˾ε˵ʱ䳤о͸ߣǿжߣûоʲô˵㻯еʲôģһжδ֪ǸҿһۣЩľսĸо
ںСһȦ߳·ǰſһС壬붼û룬ֱӾǸСϽϴõֻ˳֮󣬱ǧַү绰ûнѩ͵
Ҹǧַү绰ȥ绰žһǵ绰룬ұһϲ绰ǧַүġ
ȲĽͨ˵绰ʵϸ磬ǱôŪûУ
ˣǱʲôû˰ɣǧַүʵ
һ˵ѩ͵ˣҸ˵Ĳ̫˷ˡ
æصãҴӺû׷ңأ
ƽϣҲɣƽеĹ·ڼ棬ٶһҪ죬Ǳ׷ǧַүЩżĴߴٵ
Ӧһҵ绰ʱͻȻһ£ʵˣкû¶ɣ
ȱˣ뿪˵̸֮ǧַүżӣ˵֮ҵ˵绰
ҴСֱ֮߳ӱ˴ڵĴǬ˱һӳƱνǮʹĥǮó֮Һ׾һ·ĳֱƽеĹ·ʻȥ
˾ʻ˲ʮ֮Ǳ㵽ĿĵأԶԶģҾ·߿һԽҰҴп
˳ֱ֮ӣǧַүֱӳ֣˼ʻλϣžͷ˳ӣﳤȥ
һ·ȥ֮ҲתͷźϿȥк
ҸеǣҿеǴѪɵҲϸߣ˾Ȼˡ
㣬ʵôŪӣ׷ʲô
Щµ˵ˣǿ㽫ǱĴ󲿷ֶȥ֮󣬷үǱǱ֮Уǽѩ͵˳ֻǻûߵſڣ㱻һˣΪ÷үӳҺϻƴˣСƤʵ̫ǸǶ֣һ٣Ҫҽ֮ͭеǸǧͷ˳ǴסǾͱˡ
˵̾Ϣһ˵Ҹ֮ͭеǧѾʧȥϵǴѾǧĻǸɵˣûǧ֮ͭά֣ͭķ˴롭ⶼҪؼǽѩˣɶǿ
пһóһȻһɫĺӣڳģҲ֪ʲôʣ滹кܶŹֵĻƣ˵ѩװš


1072 ׷
һǹɫĺӣһĪļΪ˵õѩǼۣ³һֱҵִӴһֱ׷ⶫغСǣʱգڽѩ㵽֣ö˸һļֵܣûǵİæҿѩʲôط֪
Ǻӣ̾Ϣһϵ˵λϸ磬ǷǵģԺҪõҵĵطһ仰ǣ
˻һڣбһЦû˵ˣʶôˣ˵Ļⲻ飿һļƤ񡣡
һ£нǹɫĺ·һ飬Щε˵ȱ˵̫磬Ӻ񲢲ô׵ľܴ򿪣Ұ˺һûŪӣӦʲôذɣ
еĻ䣬ڸʻϵǧַүʵӿǴͷ͵ʱҴ忴һ飬ڽľģڽľʮϡУѾˣֵƣͬĻƽҪϺüˣڽľҪӲͨ򿪣Ҳûпܡֻǣⶼǹؼڣ鷳ǣʮ־ĻأԿײܽ򿪣㼴ԿףҲҪһĲ򿪲УǿƿӣͻᴥأȼĻףֱӾͻὫĽѩճһѻҽ
ǧַү˵Ǽ˶ɵˡ
ȥôʲôΪ͵ӳǼ˲㽫Сȥò͵˳ִ򲻿ˣЦǣ
Һݺһĭſǧַүʮֵǵ˵ϸ磬ûа취ӣ
ǧַү˼һŵҿԣ϶зգҲҸǱ֤ʵǰɣһϹŶĩʱڻʳǴϷүУܹװѩݿ϶ܲ򵥣ǸϵҲ֪һĸԧܹ߶ʮһأһƿֻҪһ˴ĶͷϵˣھǸʦѧյʱ˼˵ǳܹɽ֣֮ĺܣݽţװܶʵ۵Ĵӡӱļֵ޷Ҳһµ
˵ʵֵֵǮһҲںҾ͹Ľѩܲó
ǧַүұ֤ܹƽĽĽѩŪֻ˵ԣʦѧյʱ򻹺СʮҲרŸĸԧĹ죬ʱЩһ¡
ңӱҪһȶĵطܴ򿪣ڳϣЩĸԧݲðģ΢΢һͿܴء
ԣǼֻܹӣȵ˺ҶѦҩ֮취򿪡
ǧַүȻҿ϶мְյģզ˵˼Ҳ𽭺͵ıܼ򲻿˾͸ˡ
ǲ۷ȥȥҪԿס
ҾЩĵǣװĲǽѩʲôֵǮ˵ҲǺô
ǧַүȴ˵鵹ǲõĵģԴƱȻǽѩΪѾǺ߱ССܹضĵطһ飬ֻⶫصΪʵ϶ǽѩ
ǧַү˵ұרŵĿųӣڹϷɳۡ
ȻʱҵĺͻȻһ·ԽҰûκη£ͻȻ٣ҵĳƨײ˹ҵķûȣ㳯·бȥ
ҴӺӾ￴һǴԽҰ̾˳⳵Ǻ߱ͣŵ
꣬˾Ȼ׷ˣҶȻô죡
ôҵǵأ
飬ԽҰ㵽ҵһ࣬ʹ̣ͷͺݺݵײҵһ೵֮ϣƫ˷ֱӾͿ˹
ǺóڳӿһͻȻһ뷨һȥһҲҪһƤʵײĴԽҰ
ӿ֮һž߿˳ţһ׷ˣϽܣ
˵仰֮Ǽ˷ֱ߿˳ţҵĴ֮¾ͳͬһ˹ȥԶһƬӵȺɽҪҵҲô׵顣
ӳոܳͣ·ԽҰҲͣӳϿٵ˼ˣͷıӢӣɫ˪˵ֱӴϳǰѰɫıͳ׷


1073 꾫
һ߶·񱼣һ߲סĻͷȥ
жʱʮƵ˵⵽ʲôǸճƽûãͱЩ˸ҵˣѵ¶ʲôŲɣ
˵ϷȻܹǧ׷ҵǣ˵Ҳ˲סǣҪ͹Ǵı¡˵
ҸоӦóϣǲںװʲôλٵĵ豸ǧַүѵ
˵ĶеѾʱ򣬶취ǡ
϶ʲôֶΣܵĺǻһܹҵǣЩѰˡ
һһ⣬ָ޼ƿʩΨһİ취ֻǸԷƴˣǴˣǲŻ˼׷ǵͷ
һ뵽Ǳ߻ֻҶʱû˵
㣬һһֱܵһƬͻȻͣ˽Ų㲻ˣôĴΣСүƴˣǧ껱Ҳһҵ֣ҽ֮еǿҲиһսʱ
ƴˣ
ôһͣǽҲͣ
ôˣǧַүʵ
ˣܲƴһսҳ
ԣɣ¶϶ˡҲ͵
ʱӢӱ׷ĸ˸Χס
ӢӽеĽһָ̧ң˵Ѷǲ
ƾ͵ģƾʲô㣡ǰһʮе˵
õģвҪıԶʱչ˳Ļ˵ֱ׳ҲǷˣòЩ
˵仰ʱ򣬾ǧַүЩһĿ˻һۡ
ӢӾԷֻǺ޺޵˵һ
⻰˵꣬ӢֱӾͦһѳɱ˹
ԵЩҲһΧ
ӢӵΪ˳ӭӢӣеĳ
һ֣ͻȻͷһ⣬ý·ͬһ򣬺éɽԪȭ·ֻȭ·˽·
ЩԿΪеĽֵĺܣƺ̺⣬ѽײһʱܹԵĸоһϸ΢ĵͨ괫ﵽҵϣЩֵģҵΪ
о֮ı·ֱɱ콣
ҽﵽ˽֮ԺǽһɫĹâֵķչ˳һƵ֮һɫĽ籡ӢӶȥ
ҲûҪɱ˼ֲܲ֡
ǵ籡ĽһҿӢһĨֵɫżһ棬æ󵹷˳ȥеİɫֱһۻĽǵͬʱеĳ֮أһŨĺһǿ
ˣеĳײһʱҲǷһƺߣü
ҸӢӴĲɿʱ򣬻ǸӢӴҲƴһ
òӢӵΪǺܸߣһĹ򣬾ͱǷŵ˺üûɱ֡
ϾһҲǻ켣ˣǻСɺǧַүǻ켣ʱ䶼ҳܶ࣬ʵսʮַḻЩԾǲġ
Ӣ֪ʮֲһ٣۾һۣͻȻһؿڣһϹ
ҲﹻʱеİϹʲô
˵ҺҲһϹ̣һֻɫĴ
ʱӢһؿڵʱ򣬹Ȼ漣ˣؿڵλ׹⣬εЩ۾
ʶģҾʹ߶ٰ˲һ⡣
ҸովȽŸͿӢӵͻȻͷѩ׵Ĵ꣬ͷҲ̫һЩʲô꣬ͷһ㡣
ѩףûһëʮֵƯϻһ㵭ӫ⡣
һգ۵Ĺֻѩ׵ĺͻȻһΣֱ椡
ǰ͹̣ħʹףֱиɻ̫ˡ
䶼ҲƯŮˡ
ʱ׹ӢߵֻȻȫǺ꾫
Ҳ׹Ϊɶ޶ͷɰɫëҲΪԭ
꾫һҾ֪²Ҳȫ£ҵߣĿĺ꾫ӡ


1074 
ʱ꾫ӵɫҲʮ䣬ǹһ㺮˪
һ椣ǹӶˣſˮ˵Сţ˵׬ˣһһһ׽һС꾫㵱ϱô
СӵľжÿζͷЦ꣬ٺÿҲ꾫˺֮ɶΪǰߺأ
˵Ϸ꾫
һԲѷ꾫ɫˡ
һľйŵʵŮ˵
Ǻ꾫Ļ˵꣬ȷѣеϽһ˦ͳһ꾫Դ˹ȥ
һжˣҲûţűһɨǧǰ˹ȥ
ڸ߶Ƚŵ֮£꼸ֶһĽɨ˹ȥ֮ϷɳʯҰһͳۻ֮
һɨǧΪ״̬ˣǵĳȥ
Ȼû뵽ǣһһ֣ץס˻ΪķϽ𲧣ϽȻ貶ĿһǴУʱЩ޹
ǴеһźϽϵĹâ˲ȥֱӾһƺߣ
˵ŵķǻִ˲֪Ͻ𲧣汾ߵ´ɮӳ֣аһħֱ˵ȥץˣǿҲŵĻȻֻץˣƾһۻȻϽϵķǿѹȥ
ôжߵĵС
ƴǿ϶ǲˡ
ڻеϽ𲧱һֻץסͬʱһĽҲһȥǴһ˫ˮͻȻ¶һɳԾޱȵɫ
ȻǳԾǾ֣Ҳû˿η壬վһûж
ǵҪߵʱ͵һ̧֣һɺɫ͵ĴǵĽ֮ϣǵʱı˹켣ŲԶһôײ˹ȥ
ֻá䡱һ죬ǵֱӽһֵĴնϡ
ǵ֮ǴͻȻһ콣㾿˭
˭ȳҼ˵˵գٴδ߶콣ĵʽ㾦һɫĹٴ籡ֱǴȥ
ǴֱӾסˣϵı˼㣬ӣС΢΢ţоЩƵģȴǼġ
ҲΪʲôֱ飬ܹ֪õһ׽콣ҲһֶĹ֪õ콣أ
ЩҸ˼ֻ֪ǲǴˣǽѩǵУǼ˵СҲпܱס
ԣֻܸƴס
һ㾦ȥ֮Ǵٴһ£һǰһ㣬ǵɫĹҪϵʱһ֣Ĵ籡һŨֵסǵɫĹˣǴҲǿƥ콣
һΣǴϲˣƺӨ˫Ŀ֮˸
ǱҴ
ľٶֵĿԡ
ҶԸʱ򣬻Ѿ˽ħƸһֻƴɺǧַүסӢӡ
ǴЩ£ֻ֮ǰѾȥˡ
Ŀǰ״˵ر⡣
һó콣֮ٴδ߶˵ĽСߣ
еĽ׷ɳȥֱ֮ӻһƬӰתųɱ˹ȥ
ͬʱҲǰǬ˱˷ʬߣԸֻ
ʬܹһаز֮Ըֻòġ
סֻ˫ֲϵĻ裬һŨ籡ֵŸתĽꡣ
ǵĿ⿴вķʬߵʱ򣬸ǾĻһĶͣһ£ǽ꽫ɫһӣЩͽǺ꾫նɱ
ʬߡǺ꾫Щ˵
ȥʲô
콣ϵãʬҲ֪ʲô·
Ȼ͵ŷʬ߿ҪǴߵʱͻȻһҽУŵ඼©һģæתͷȥͻȻ͵˵ϣƺܵش۵ش亹죬һһҡ
ˣ
ôһĹһҽǧַүҲͻȻԤ׵ĵ˵ϣɼһģ۵ȥ


1075 һҲ
ȫ˵ϣʹѵģҶʱһæı˷򣬳Ӣɱȥ
ȻʱӢͻȻɵĲϣ˵𶯣ǰһһɱ
ϸ硭Һһɣӱͣ˿̿ӢݣҺɣֻҪǰһ϶һɵԴ
һɸûκλӦ̫ˣһĹ򣬱۵ȫʪ͸ɫǺ죬סĲҽУǧַүҲˡ
ΪһߣʹҲҪڳ˺ܹܶ࣬ʹģģСӵ׶Ƕʲôֽš
ֻҪҶһëģһڴ̥ҧгݣ޿Ӣӡ
ȻҵвȴЩмһˣЦһҵǺԣϿ콫﷨£ֻ˵һ飡
˵УӢӽеĽѹһ£ȻɵĲϻһѪӡ
֣
Ҷʱֽţæһ֣ǽ·ҵ֮УͬʱҲʬ߸һеֿ
һͣǱͬʱҲи˴ͷųŭĿգ㶵վ۾ڵϲҺֹɺǧַү
ɺǧַүЦ˵ǸֻĶ֣ܹǣҲٶˡ
һĹһֻһ˦֣ƮɢȫƮ֮ǰǴιȥǼ˵ϣǼȫתѣȻ߱˹ΪӣҺͻи廨
ͬʱм˳ڵϵɺǧַүȥǵĴͬһ㣬Ϊʵʵ
Թʤܿܣ޻˵ʵ̫ǿˣԶǼܹġ
סǼ˶һ𣬲ǸǱϣûǹڵϡ
ɺǧַүס֮ǱûٷҽУϵʹ౻ˡ
ˣǶҲڵĲᣬ䤱ţɼʱǾǺʹ࣬ҵڶ֪ǾеģеʲôУ
ڽƮܲɱ˵ʱ򣬱ԤϵԼҲôһ졣
ֻû뵽һô졣
ҿһۻкǡ
ֻһȻվһ仰Ҳ˵ɺǧַүȫԴ޿֮С
ҲԤϵǵĽ֣Ŀǰǰľֻ·һ
ӢǴ͵ĺӣߵߣеĽҲָ˹ҵ°ͣ˵ҵСǣһ·ɽѾСĵˣһõܣ˹˵˵ɣʲôˣҵĽ²֮
ʱҲŷӢõĽһùͷƵķ쳣滹̻źܶྫ׷ģ˿ýˣӾ⽣ݺᣬ
ٶʱһԻеŭ⣬һ˫ţۣӢӣҲĳ
˭ҪǽˣҶΪ˽ѩɽһ·ңȥ͵ѩҲҵ⣬ھֻһҪôöУ⼸ֵܣҪȻĻŹǡҳ˵
ӢһЦһٴ˵Сӣ㻹Ŀ𣿡
ɫһ࣬ޱ㾿
ҸӢ˵ͬʱֻĿһֱҵϣϸĴңֻԵʮּղҲһֱС˵ʲô
ۿӢӾҪҶֵʱһֻͻȻֹһ֣мҪ
Ӣһֱʮֹ°ӣǶֻȴޱ𾴣Ǵһ˵æһߡ
ߵҵߣҸһЩҵıǰϸϸĹ۲ʱһɵ㴫˹һ
㣬ðɣЩס
զ˵ҲһʮүǣѪյͣôŮһô˴˶ܹܵԷĺҳļƷŮվߣϾ˶Όס
㣬ҸоЩڣʶľһһһһץסҵļ򣬽ҵӸЩƵ˵㡭СӸһҲ񰡣Ǹ˰ɣ


1076 ˮ
ӦòɣҪҵĺˣôܹʹ콣ʽңҸղżó˷ʬߣҲСӵĶһֻЩȷ˵
ҿɶǣ˵ɶأ
һ±ƵĿǣһԵĻкҲ߿˹
ղֻٴοңýεεʵСӣ㼸⣬ҪǸ˵һٻҾͽǼȫɱˣʬҰԡ
ûֻ㶵ĿǣƬ֮Ǵʵ콣Ǹ˭ѧģǷʬߣǴŪģ
㻹ϵ콣۹ⲻЦ
Сӣ컬ģʲôʹʲôôķϻһֻЩõ˵
ֻʵ콣Ҽ洫ĽǷʬҲүģʲôֵ𣿡
˻һڣֻԵЩ˴˿һۣ۾ƺڷ⡣
Ƭ֮һֻЩʵ㡭үǲǽ磿
һ㶣ʱʧɫ֪ү̫ˣ¶кǶ֪ô֪أ
㡭ô֪ү֣ҳԾ
һס֣ЩЦ⣬ԵøӼһЩϲ˵㡭ûпСӾľͷĺˣֻû뵽СӸ糤һ񣬺ôأ
꣬ʲô
ﳤˣ˼Ҷ˵Ӣߴš
ѽԣǺʶү磬һˣֻмĵУôʱ䣬ʶүҲ˵Ĺȥ
ܿ죬ͻȻʶһ飬ϻƤƤأǼ˶ûĿʾˡ
Ƭ̣һֻͻȻָ֣ϵһӶʱΪأ˵ϡ
ٶҴ⣬ʲôѵҪҲɣ
Ҿ⣬ڳļ˶ЩţӢҲסˣæǰһλϹ̣ʲôСӺΣգܷſġ
һСӲǵĵˣǵˣӦֵƲǡǸĵĴЦ˵
ҺӢӶһ±ƵɫϷԵһĻתҲ̫һЩЩ޷ܡ
ôͳֵأ
ղǻƴ
һʮ崿ĴֱӾһҵļЦ˵СӣһϹ̡
˿ȫҶµģЩ޷ܣҿֻЦУ۾״Ĵ椣֮󣬲Щŵ˵˵ΪʲôҪϹأϹ̣ǰûһֻɫĴҲҽϹ̡ǶǴðİ
һ˵ʱֱֳһ־ϲɫĵĴʵһֻɫĻü񣿡
šǰʱڽ³ֶʱģҲҽϹšƵ
ֻһЦٴεЦ⣬ֻȽ崿ĺ˵㻹ýϹֻ̣ɫĻü̵׹ùãϹ㻹ܽʲôأ
ǡô¶˭һɻʵ
Сӣûи˵ү飿үʦͷһͽܣһһү硣
ҵ˵ͷ˵¶˵үү
ǾûˣΚzǽСӱүĴʦֵĺˣû뵽컯ŪˣֵǴⲻǴˮʲôǳ崿ĺ˵
ôһѣҶʱȻүүö˶飬Ѧҵλүӣ˵үһʦֽġ
ţǸ߸ڴ壬һʼʱ򣬱ˣ˾սʱ򣬴˾ͽܼһλȥ˱Ͻ£ºպս˽Ͻսܣܼҵĺ˱һȥ˱ȻûѶ
û뵽ﾹȻܹܼҵĺˣһ˵ǿǹϵɱѦҵĹϵҪΪүүʦֵܣõܴһӡ
ΚzǽСӵסˣĿңҲĿһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǹ±ƵǻкǣȫɵۣһңһǣǲԾ¶Ц⣬ϵһǿ϶ˡ


1077 ܼҺ
ϷԵһĻ֮󣬳治ɵЩΣҸɿһֻλɼңǸʲôϵأ
ǳĵĺǽ˵үŲ֮ԵһʼǳˣѣǱǵүɱְ˻ǺͷԴڵܼҴǵǻסܼõİΣСӻϹ̡
ðɣ׿ҲҲˣ˺һϹ̡
һλʱ۾Ц״ǳ崿ĺϸҵԴЦСԣǳĳһ
Ҷʱһŵĺߣ˵ױݴ磬ʮ궼ȴҺϹ̣ʱЩ֮УԴʱ򣬸ǳڶԴһСһ㣬Щܲˡ
鶼Ѿ˵ˣҶԼˣұûݵıҪֱӽƤŪƤ߸Ŀʾˡ
ҽƤ߸ոճ֮ǳĵһסҵ°ͣҵԴ̧ϸĹۿһ߿һ߼Цӣ쿴ѽСԭƤأıĿһ˳۶ˣС߰˷ơ
ǰСҪ¶®ɽĿҲڳôͷҵġǳ崿ĺ͵
һ˲䣬Һֳ˶԰ĺӣֻȥĿǹεġ
һ֮崿ĺʵСӣʲôʱˣ
86ġʵ
һҵĸ磬һءǳĵĺ˵
һ˧һȴҲԹԵߵҵǰһ֣˵磬ҽһղŶðҪǡ
вʶðȣȥһҽԺСžͿˡҲѵ
СŸáСӶʱĿ˺ܶ࣬һֻ˵һһʱޱǢ
ֻ϶Ц˻ǻûֱЩɥĲˣȻȴϹ̣Կ
ֵֶôĬһһһ˼崿ĺ
үү˵̫ʢգӲۣѹһ¡ҽ͵
ôѹ֣һ̫أӳ͸һҲһѹϵͦģֻϧһǸкӣҪȻǻܴһԡĵĺ
⻰˵ҺһһΣ֪νӿˡ
ҳһ£߻ŵĻкǣ˵˵Ϲ̡ȻǶˣЩǲҲøˣǶҵĺֵܡ
ȻСŸֵҲҵֵܡ˵ţһΚzǽŻǱ˹ȥϵȫ⿪ˣû⿪һˣʮǸ⣬Щ˼
ȫ⿪֮һűСŸ磬Ȼһ𣬲ҼһǺúɣֵܵҲܺúдһ
ҿһۻеˣֿһһǸŵװŽѩӣɫ˲ͱĳɵ̾Ϣһ˵һϵܣλϹ̣˵ȥ͵ѩԭģүүһص䳤ϵİ㣬һƴˣƶڵϦɻұҪѩȥҼүӾԣСи֮룬ܲܽѩøңǿԵһϣж£
˵ţҡͨһֻǰ
һ˵Ҳۿûа취ˡ
ֻ˵ϵЦʱʧˣǱ˴˿һֽۣĿһϡ
ֻһϵЦҲʧˣһʮΪѵɫ
һߵҵߣҴӵ̾Ϣһ˵СŸ磬˵ҵĹϵڣѩҿ϶˫ַϣǣȴС
ΪΣЩʵ
ҲˣҼ¥ڴϵһŮӣŮҵӣԴ֮󣬾͵һʮֵĲ޷һ߶ֻҪ߼ϵĹͷͻ۶ϣҽ˵ʮ꣬Ѿʮˡԡ


1078 
һ̾ϢһۿҲЩ΢΢죬ֵΪ˸βڱеҽȥŷȹõҽβȻõĽһģֲܶҽû˵϶ʮֺһ˶ЩˣǰãǵõһϢ˵һʱ֮ڣɽнѩŴӱշתƽУרΪ˽ѩòײŽŪ֣һӿ࣬ԼˣᣬѩΨһȥϣԡ⡭
һ˵ʮϣȫܹ飬ΪҲһ֮˽ҪοǸһ𳤴ӣһͬ˶ʮ꣬Ϊ˵õѩҲɷѿģڵ֣ܵĹϵҲתø˵ġ
ζӽ
ǱҼүӻѩүǸҳһ⡣
ѩҶܸһҪġ
̾Ϣһļ˵һϵܣҶ⣬ʲô˵ˡ
һмĿһۣĵ˵ͷ
ʱһֱĬĻͻȻ˵СţҸղֵܵ˵ӵ˲֢֮ñҽβãǿûԹȥѦҵλүӣǵҽ񣬲ܼҵӸһغҶȣѦҵҽƣ˵أ
еĻʱڳ˶һ㶣ĺЩԾ˵˵ĿѦѦҽǼһﻹţ
ҡҡͷ˵ѦҽѦҽյͽܣһѦǬһѦ
Ƥ˺ʶǵʱǻСҲһټʮˣǻţ崿Ҳ
ҵͷ˵ǻţһĺúõģǼ˵־ι뵱ҵĵ٣Ҳλɸ
һ˵ԵЩ˷ĺһټʮǰѦҽҽ£ֻܣյͽܿ϶Ҳ
˵ĻͻȻһתɫһھͶȥ˵ǸҶȣ˵Сһܹҽӣ֮꣬ػôˣΪء
һһۣЩǵ˵λϹ̣¶ɿʮ;»ƼأβõĻȻҪһ
赣ģѦҽҽһǱȽεģͽҲȥСβãýѩˣǲŲ֪ôѩҩ𣿡ĺ
һ˵һƺͨˣһ£صĵ˵ͷ˵λϹ̵ģһغҶȣȥλǰ
Ѷǳеʱѡ
ѦλүܹýѩκһӵĻǽѩҼүβһǼ̣൱ǮҲںǮѩĽǮֵƾҵĹϵҲ˼ѩүүβҺֹǼֱǴϹͷŽϵҶһ˶˼׽֮С
һ۷ײǸطãߵǹҹʱ֣࣬ӻһֱ
ǵݴ·ƺûôˣҿԽҰ˹ûлֻǳײˣһȺ֣ԽҰӹŪһ۷ƽеǸ߱
·ϣҾͺһ飬ʱɺǧַүαһСӸסģǧַүҲ˵ɿǸϺ꣬ħ³ֶЩΧ֮£ܹԱôͱһأ
ڴ£ɺΣ˵һеǰǹǽ֮⣬һʮĴɱһʮֲעĿСƳ棬ǶϢͻȻ֣һ˲ɥʧһսǹƳһڣоȫѪⶼڱҧʹֱҲǻ顣
ǧַүͷһղŵҲЩ£˵Ĳղһûôһ˵Ҳ֪ԭǹƳ棬ȦӣŷɥľƵЩɭɭļһϲУ֪ôǵĹƶ˵һЩģֱӾȫãȫӸͿˣжˡ


1079 强ĻҪ˵
ǧַүһ˵ҶЩǷÿҺһС˺ʰǣǼ㲻ǱϵĹƳҲñŪ
ŪǣߵҲܹ׵ǡ
ò˵һоգײ˴ˡ
۴һ˵һһʵӲӲǶûһʤġ
˵ƵҲйӴùƶŪĸӵܵŷүӣȻǱ߹ƵСǵֶʵЩˣܲӴǾòҪǽӴ̫ôˡ
ǸС¹ƵļһҵڶûиʲôˣҲ֪ɽصûв顣
¶һֱҳҪˮʯġ
ųһֱʮѦҵλүӵܲκܼӵǹֲβõĻүүǻˡ
ڵĵҲǶ࣬Ҫߵ￴֪
ʻһСʱǾ͵һǺ߱ĴԺ
һΣһǹ͵Ǵ֣ڶǴҡڵ˽оȫһ
һϣ鷢ʮȵĴתжԵ˫ѣһ֮䣬绹ǹġ
ӺܿڴԺ֮ͣ˷׷³һ˱һŽĴ֮УϹҲһͬ˽ȥ
һǿ֪һ˵ҪӴ¥̧ͲˣԱ㣬Լһ㣬һа׵֮ٸҺú졣
Ӧһȥˡ
ʱϹڴһֱЦеĿңĻֱƤ
λɶǽĴǻû̫ŵӣһǱȽ׽ܵģȻȴ椵ӣļֱЩ֣࿴һۣҶһС
һֱ룬λϹ̣ǧʲô˼
ֵʮ꣬ѪյͣĸүǿŮ࿴ۣɫ˵ˣûһ֡
˼ҿ˾ĺ꾫
ԣǿҵʱһֱԴҿǣԵʮ־н
һ֮ͻȻǵǼС޵תתǸСЩ强ĻҪ˵˵
ڳλˣѾ˵ĺˣϣҪڳ˷׷ĸ˵ͷͳűһȥ
ʱҷﻹӶˣһʮĴ裬˵Ѿ׼ҹǼ˹ȥԡôãҲȷʵˣӶ˴뿪
ߵʱ򣬻лҼüŪ۵ģǼȥһӡ
Сӵ̫ˣҲ֪ɶء
Ƕ֮һһҵߣʱһ棬һһϵļⶼġ
Сӣʲôһ¾סҵļ˱ǣһŪҸӽæ˵ҡҽвš
һſڣԼŵ˵ˣЦķһ죬֦Ҳǰϡ
Ц˺һ崿Ž㣬ͱСˣ˼һǸޡ
˵ŽϸִҼסҵĸ첲һʮǵӡ
һһ椣Ӧһ飬ȴܵҸȥ
˿˴㶵ģסһֱЦ崿ŵ˵㣬Сӵģͦүģľͷ񡭡
ţı߰˷ƣһˡĺЦ˵
ЦһĺɫСŰϹ㣬Ǽʲôֵܽãĸɺã
ʵĻشǼһֱסڸ߸ڴ壬ֻ⼸ڽߣ˲ˣ㽫ĸӵ˳ص˰æšֵܽõûУҸĸҲͦõġ
˵ͷ崿ʵɻ񣿡
ûûУһûءʵ
ﻹʲôˣ
үүһһصĸүҲڣģλϹ̶ʶɣʵ
룬һ˵Ҹүɫ˲ͱЩĺ̾Ϣһ˵СľȻšǿһްûעһӤշתĸӺϻ꣬ɾֻǺһսСٴɥ


1080 ɣ˷
һ飬ܶһֱǶ϶ģ˽⵽ֻһƤë
Ψһ֪ǣҸүĸүүյӣĸүѾȥˡ
Ҳ֪λĵĸүһӶǶôûгʱ򣬱Ѿ̥У׻һĸʬزݵаϣĸʬֱʣչ̥Ҳүյλӣ֮Ĺ̥겻ججֻ֪ɱ˺Ѫбޱȣ̥үУĥѣҵһλˣǹӤ˻ǣΪһĴˡˣҲΪǸү⵽Ǵڸ̵һռս֮Уүǰ̵ܶͬھǸү֪ôתˣǰļ䣬ҵҵүõү洫ɾµһֵĴ
˵ǸүһӲǻĺңһѷɫү硣
ҪȻ˼һĽǰһĴָ˵վһҵˣǽķ
Щ˼ȣҲѷɫ̫࣬˵Ǻա
Ǹү飬λϹ̸˺ܶ࣬ǱϤҲû֮ǰָУоϱӾһ㡣
ĵʱһˣһŵ˴Ĵ¥̧ǴŵһĲˣƺһֱڳ˯ɫ׵ֽһ㡣
ǳˣҺֹͣ˽̸ҲǾƱ㣬Ӳ˳
һ˻ŽܼӴӱ̧˳һſڣһķȺǽܼӷŽ˷ֱҶˡ
λĵ𾢶ߵʱҸһ𣬶Ƿ֮УеԽҰרŸһ˾
Ҹǹͨһ£Ȼûʲô
ǳҪĻлЦŸ˵ǲǿƵģһˮϲĺС
ƻȫ֮Ҹһ˷ǿμݻҹͨ˷ܶһӶһܼڱǲһ㣬ǲһǮܹݵˡ
Ӻܿ췢ˣĸڷ֮УһɫԵЩڵӵ飬˵ӵ˻϶ůУ⻰һ٣ͷβһְӵһУչ˵΢ɼӵĸһ
ɫ̫ãοһϵܣģѦǻҽңʲôӵġ
һһۣ˵ͷЩǸ˵ԲסСŸ磬һֱæûкúд㣬ǽѩ
Ұ˰֣˵һϵܣɶ˵ˣⶼǶѾˣĸȲҲֻˡ
лл㣬СŸ硣һɫ
һʱԵЩƣʱĺͻȻ˵Ǹܼҵĺ뿪ʱʮǰʱǻѦҽͽܣʱѾǰͷˣʱ⻹Ƕݣһ۰ɣ˷ǣһٴҪǣЩССļء
ǰ㣬ʱĺÿ죬뵱ںڷʱԺǻϴдɻȻʱ̣һ̫ˣֲö˵֮飬ջǻûӣҪܹһ꣬һˡ崿˵
˵˼ҺһݸһЦ
ʱͻȻһ飬λϹ̣ɶߵʱûиүʦһȥүܼҵǵ׻ûл
飬˼Ĵ϶зȨ
Ȼһ飬ɫЩȻˣĺ뿪֮ǰԴϱѾ뿪˸߸ڴ壬֪ȥʲôطֻǽǵĺ˶ǣҶдǵǻסҵİΣ֮ҲûмСӣ֪ǻûлҸоϣãҪǻڣ붼һʮˣһ˶
ǿеõһЩүϢǾȻҲ֪ҵҪ׵䷳ţ׵׵ˡ


1081 ܼ
ҵػкܶ࣬ȴһĽ⿪ֻʱܻͻȻֻֻһɫüͳһΣžҵ֮ʧˣϹֻ̣˵ֻɫü񲢲ǳ˾д֮Ϲ̵ĻǸһֻɫüϻˣǸϹҲǹߵģӵ˵꣬ȴһֻӡ
Ҿò˼ǣϹǰǰ̵һ٣֮󣬻ǰ̵ܶհһֻɫüϵĻꡣ
Щ̫죬ĶˣҵӾЩ񾭴ҡ
ţǵĻͻȻתƵȥѩ顣
ʵһֱһɻ󣬵ѩɽɽı֮ϵʱǳһһڴҰ֮ˣʱҲéɽ߶Щʬ巢ʬ䣬һ콣һֻһֱǱڱΧĻʱӦܹϳҵĺˣΪɶһֱڲŸأ
¶һֱڻɵþ˳
֪һʲ֪ʵǵõϢر׼ȷҲ֪ѩĸط֣ʱһڱ֮ϴĲɿʱǼ˻ľתأŽ·ֶľϾۼΪǱǽѩĳֵĵطֱľϳ˴ѩǲ֪ϵƭˣʱץסһɽɵĵӣűʳʵ飬֪ǽѩľ壬ǲԶѩɽϡ
ԣǵ뿪ľ壬ֱѩϣǵʱѾǸȺձߴһƬʱҺԼڵƣǽӣѾǼŪĻͷסˡ
ǱܵСձ̤ܼҵ̫үǿܼұͲôСձʱСձЩоһҲ̲ˣֻİ֮£׽ֱӽţȺļһѽ̿ҲԽĺƺ֮ϵȺƿǲܳûѩ㵽֡
׾ٵľͽѩˡ
ԣʱǲûһֱڱΧǺųֵģʱҲǴˡ
ȺСձֵĻյõѩǣȻǾͻܼҵʧۣ֮Ҳк飬һжԵ֣ҺܼұضҪһЩ֮Եġ
һ·˵ţʱĺܿ죬ڸ֮һ·ɳۡ
һкܶ໰ģһүǰµЩ춯ص飬ҺһЩѪڣֻȻҲǶҵ֮̾⡣
˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ܼҵһЩ飬ܼҵ̫үȥ˱֮ڱĵλͦߣܼҵĺ˳⣬Ҳͦ󣬾ʲôҲûжʣ֮൱Ǯϳǵүܼȣѷɫ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ̫һЩҾϲѡ
һֱ˵ڶʱ֣ǲŵ³صĺҶȸǰʻһ·̣ǰľȫɽ·ˣӸȥ
ԣֻһطӸͣһ·ŵܣܼ͵ѦСǼҡ
Ѧҵһ֪ܼҵĺ֮󣬱ȻҲʮֻϲġ
˳֮͸ѦС߲һ绰ȥһүү
ѦСһ绰Ҵģͦ˷ܵģһүү飬ֵ˵үүѾ͵үүǸ֮УλүţֹۣүүǾɲǰ֮أûмûˡ
ѦС߱㽹ûнѩŪ
¶Ҷ֪ô˵һжʼδģʱҲûиѦС˵ֻ̫࣬˵ҴѾ쵽ˣһһ˹ǼҵҽΣ׼һ¡
˵ѦС߻Щ̫⣬˵ȫ˵˼ҽүүϣôִһ鲻զأ
Ҳûͣ˵ٸ˵
˵֮Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰Ȼк̧ܼӳѦСǴӿ첽ȥ
һǼҴЩӶԭأϾѦλү֪˲࣬˶ӣ׷Ԥϵ飬̧ܼӹȥģҸһͻеˡ
;УܼҵͻȻ˹ԴóߣĿϣһӫ⣬ѹ֮תͷͳ΢΢һЦһ


1082 
˵ܼӳ˹ɫڿ̬ʮ㣬ɫҲѷɫֻûŮǵһǧһĲ̬Ҽžۡ
תͷ΢΢һЦҵĲڻˡ
һ£Ҳܼ΢΢һЦǴк
һһܿ췢˹ʵˣоЩûУ
硭أܼһſڣݺ͸һ֮Ҳʮö
һһʮҽߣƲģֻõϣܴ󡭡
ܼӦһۿȴͻȻЩʵ˵硭ԲΪҵˡ
һǰܼӵԴ΢ЦɵѾͷһˣ׸磬粻㣬˭أ
һ˵ܼӲûֹס˵Өҭ˵硭С󣬶ȥ˺öҽȫ綼߱ˣһõӶûСͲҪΪҵ鱼ˣҵĲβõġ±һӡ
˵ĻҪԼĲǣֻ֮һϣҲһҪԣģֻҪиڣ뿪ǵġһʮƶ˵
ܼû˵ֻϢš
˵ĶԻҵһ˵ܣһûסܼ˵˵ӣģθһҽԡһ˶ҽҸҸ㱣֤βõĻ͸һԼ˩ϣҴſڡ
һ˵ܼ˲䱻ҸˣΪЦתͷһۣС˵ҼҴſʲôҪҼҿ𣿡
Ҫ˵λǵĳ֣ӦҲһǡһһѵ
磿ʲôʱֶһ磿ܼƵ
ǰܼүҵүʦֵܣ¶ǰҲ˵λҵĺԽСŸ硣һ͵
ܼ۾һ˵ԭҵĺ˰ź죬ǼλĻôϸһλǻϵ泤Ļ񰡡
˵Żܼϸۣһģ
Ҳ˵ֻǳЦ
һܼ֮ӲſĺһСŸ硣
һСŸ磬ҹͷˣǱŮӣ˵Ŀģȴһζ
ҺٺһЦ˵ӣԺҲˣ͵׸磬Ǹһ𱣻㣬֤ܵί
ллСŸ硭ֵС
˵⹦Ѿ߳˲̵ɽ·ԶͿɽ괦һСӣôʮ˼ҡ
ߵڵʱѦСѾڴڵȺʱˣһǣ첽ӭһץסҵ֣˵СţǿˣǰҾ͵õϢ˵ֳ֮˴̣Ϊѩϵǧ֮࣬˵СձУһǹأ浣ǻ顭
ⲻǺö˶˵ĻôСôСŵİΣǲ˽¸ǣ˵ǻУһͿ
ѦСĳؿһȭû˵Ѿô棬ͷ
ʱѦС߲ſһǿģ́ŵ˵ʱ򣬲ɵһ㶣˵Сţʲô
ǴһˣŸƣ˵Ǵ͵һֵĲ֢һϵĹͷͻۣᷢ˺ܶҽβãֻôˡʵ
ѦСߵɫЩΪѣС˵Сţүӵȫ¶æѾû֣Ѿҽˣ˵㡭
һ֣ѦСߵĻ˵ҲܣѾͷĲǿ϶ΣҼүʦֵĺˣ
˵ѦСһ㶣æһ˲ǼʮǰͰᵽȥ𣿡
ǰֻˡ
ѦСߵ˵ߵǵԱߣܼӿһۣһ㶣ǱСѾͷɫסˣɫһ죬˵ӣܸһ𣿡
Ӧһ̧һֻѩϸֱۣѦСָ֮̽ϣƬ֮ѦСüͷҡҡͷ˵ⲡЩ鷳ûǸ¸ˣҵҲСֻȥҸүȥˡ


1083 
ÿҵѦСǼرص飬Ҳһ㣬ûиѦҵϵڼǰͳһˣͲᷢ
ҲҪѦҵ˾үүҲҪܼӡ
ֲһ֣ӦöǼܹõ˵ġ
ʱҲûж˵ֱӽ̧ܼѦҩ֮С
ѦҩиأѦҵҽǴвŮҲ֪ΪλŹֵĹأҩŵûһŮ죬˿ҩֻѦҵļ󱲣ѦСߵĸѦɡ
үӴ˿Ժʯĥĥҩһǽõ̧һˣеĻƣ˹ʲô
Ѧү˵һҺһǼҵĹϵ˵ѩҲˣѦδá
Ѧһ˵ܼҵˣһ㶣ΪԾæǰȥһһߵ˵ϵܼߣ̽һܼӵɫ粻֮󣬲̾Ϣ˵ֲ֢֢еһ֣Ǵ׶ϣãѪ֢֮ǲҽΣֻڵʱ̫ˣѾɢ澭¡
Ѧһ˵һԵһʱ޷Գ֣æǰ˵Ѧ塭سҽΣΨһӣᣬܾô˰
Ѧ忴һһۣ˵ܼҺҲҪţȻܼҵˣǶѦҲдģϷȻòˣ̫үڣһǹȥҼ̫үƣӦûеþȡ
ллллһĻž͹˵ϣȴѦѽ⺢ӣǶһˣҪ˿ף߰ɣϷʹǹȥ
ллѦ塭ֻҪܾȻҼӣʲôɣҵҲԸ⡭һޱϵ˵⺢ӣĪҪ˵ĻԼҵĺӣѦҲ᲻ܵġ߰ɣһȥСŵүүѦæʰһ
һѦ뿪ʮ￪ƬɽжȥѦҵλɣѾȥһˣνᳵ·кҲסá
ǧַүǵһ֮ǰҲ˵Ѧҩôһ¶Ϻܶ˶֪Ǵû˿̸һ⣬ҲĻϲ
ĸҽʸ飬߽ٲҪˣһӲܲʶһҽ˼ҽƱջҪ
ѦͨķţǽǷ֮УһŨ֮ǱǴɽ֮УԶԶľͿɽ´һСԺӣʮ徻
ֻĿһֱɨӣ龰ĺⷨõͦ˼ЩľͷֶΣһѦҽͽܣӦúӺͷ˰ɣ
ǿ϶ඣͷˡ崿Це˵
ѦǬѦλүӣѦЩãСҵСţСѾͷʲô·ô񣿡
С˵Ѧ壬ǵͷɴȥˣֻܼɣ۱֣ܼҺҵ涼úһ̡
˵Ѧһ㶣ͷһۣʱȻ𾴣Ҳûа
˵ѦѦһټʮˣǰȴСһӹɵġ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵СԺ֮УԺͻȻ߳һȴδѦѦλүӡ
˲ǱˣѦСߵүүѦãôһ˽ѦЩɻ󣬲Ѧɺܿ߹ȥС˼䣬Ѧöʱͷʱܼҵ˿ĺ
λүôڴ˴Ѧȴλүںɽĺүүƶͣ㽫˺ɽĺ棬ǵطһɽ¼ͣ겻ĺܹסϵƶλ˼ҾүүĲأϷھʹǹȥ
˵һҶѦҵ˶ҿ˵Ǿľˣһȫλϵ˶ûţܾЩⲻȥ
˵Ѧн飬Ҳһټʮǰˣ鵭Įʱ֮ĹϵӦõĮˣȴ˹ػϱ
ֻǼ˵˼䣬Ѧүӱһ˳źλ˹ȥ
вʱԼ··̣Ǳ㵽˺ɽ˴һĶڣӲӳһվɽڣúˣĺƮɢ


1084 
ڶڴƬ̣һӶæԼϡ
ⶴھĵ¿֪ҺͻеҲ·ܼϣŽٴ̧𣬳ɽȥ
һ߽ɽ棬¶ʱ˺üȣԽߣԽܿĴ˺ܶܳıӡ
ңҷɽһֱߵĻ£һ쵽µɽ֮أشﲩЩֵֹĵطҲΪ档
ָоѩͨǸɽĸоˡ
ԣɽ̫ǰʮӵĹ⾰Ѿ˾ͷھͷһ˹õɽĺʤ˶ߣҲⶼĴ˼ս
ѦǼȥǸѦλүӻ㱨һ
սȥûãѦλүӱЩ˳Ǽɽʯ֮Сžͳˣ۾Ǽ֮䲻ͣɨ
ĸܼҵĺˣѦЩʵ
СءĺͻȻЦ˵
һѦѦһ𣬳˹ȥһۿȥͷۿͨ죬ǿ첽˹ȥȻ˫˫ĹѦ涵˵λ̣һ߼ʮ꣬ΪҲˡû뵽۾֮ǰټһ桭
뷢԰ףһ͵ͷͻȻȥŶʮͷСѾͷẒ́˲͸оǳСһ㣬Ĳޣ
Ҳид崿ͷԴ̾Ϣһ˵̣ת۰꣬С񶼰׷Բˣɣô󱲿ɶء
ѦҵЩһѦѦλ˼Ҷֻһ㶣ҲλǰԴ̧
˵˵λүӲվʱѦЩԹ˵λ̡һ߾ʮ꣬ЩȴҲ˵ֵˣҲ
ĺ̾ϢһǲֻЩڱ֮һֱ²ãټǼʮǰĹϵǺܺãҲûлںˣܼҵĺڱ˸뱦֮ദĻ㲻ܼҵҲɫڿԻˡĹ仯̫ˣܶ˶ѾȥҲͷˡ
ѦҵλүһʽǼĪλ̸ƺ˵ĻҪġ
ʱĺʼת˻⣬ָߵһ̸ǽһˣ⺢ܼһһ
˵ţһתĺһλүͷ
һ͹Ѧҵλүӿͷүһס¶˼ۣѦЦţ޶Ҳһ˲ţҲļӰӡ
һ֣˵λүһǰҪλүҽͨ죬ҼӵؼӣλүȲǡ
һ˵λүϵЦ⣬һ󵣼ŵܼӡ
ܼҺҷģȻˣ϶϶߾ȫģҵȿѾͷʲô֢
Ѧ˵ţѦŵϵ˹ȥһһΧߣ˿Ȼţĺһү
λͷʮָˣ̽һ֮䣬ѦѾͷȷѾ裬ΪѪ֢֮ҲǲΣֻҪһЩʱֶΰˣȣѾͷѪȫһ飬ҲҪµĹ裬Ƕ˺꣬ȫָҲûпܡ
Ѧλү˵бһϲ˵ǽѩܼҲܹҽεĺõġ
һȴʮϸλүӵĻлʵλү˵ҼлָĿܣҲ˵ΣԻǺܴģ
Ѧ˵ͷ˵кܴΣԣΪѾͷĲ֢ϵʱ̫һЩʮʱƵʱѾˣѾʮֻ취ӣܲȫָҲֻܿ컯ˡ
һɫ粻˼ǵƬֵ̣λүҽѩβܲȫָ


1085 Դϲ
һ˵ѩ֣λү۾һͬǵ˽ѩ
һЩΪĿһۣĿλүӵϣͷ˵ǵ˽ѩ
Ѧλүӵɫʼ粻磬Ŀ⿪ʼɨϿʼΪ֮ɫ
֪λ˼ҵ˼ѩǾүүΨһҩܼӣүүǲܻˡ
ֱ⣬λүʮΪѡ
˰ζ֮ѦѩĵرѵһҩܹҽΰٲҩõȻڻ£ǡ
˵⻰ʱѦүӵĿٴζңҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
үүȻžܼҲžҲ˽һǶ͵Ůʹ䣬ָɱʲôأ
ҵͷȥѡ˳Ĭ
ʱĴȴС֪ڵĴҵĺҲýѩҷǽѩɣܼѾͷδرҪýѩ˵һ£˽ѩ֮⣬ûʲôܹѩܹȻѾͷݣеķӣȡҵ˶ˣҰǰһңΪ˸ңҪȻ˵ģ˭϶޹ⲻǡ
λүӶͷѣѦһ£˵ļǣҵĺ˱ýѩܻΪеֻܽѩܼܽѾͷ˽ѩ֮⣬мܾĳ̶ϣһѷɫڽѩڵǧɽΣǧ֥ĵرǴ󲹵ҩÿֲѾͷ֢״ֻϧЩѾùˣǰСﻹһǧ֥Ǽ˵ʱҲˡ⡭
Ѧү˵ҵ˼ͻȻǧ֥Ļҵǿ취뵱ϵǿǧ֥ڶϻµףֻǧ͸ҵģֻǲ֪ǵطҪûУбҪĻҿԹȥһơ
ֻһʱЩҼүӵȲˣܼӿҲʮֲ
Ҿ᲻ʱͻȻ䣬һ飬ҵϻһǵ³ֶʱ򣬴һֻԵԴϸĽǣѦС˵ҲһܹҩҩЧʮ棬ֻһֱˮãҲ൱ʵõһ˿Ҫ˵óãһЩã鶼ѾΣķݶϣҲ͹˲ˡ
ҲǱһԵ̬ȣǬ˱нǱˮ˳λү˵λүһǴһֻ꺣ԵԴϸǣǿҩ𣿡
˻һڣ˵Ŀⶼҵϡ
еǺԵĽж쵰һСǽʯӨ͸ҫƹ⻪е
һ֪һ
⡭ⶫģѦЩʵ
үⶫǵһص³ֶʱ³ֶӡڷ֮еһֻ˾ĺԴϳԣǺѾϵĵУһ٣ҵСŴǺԵԴϸأСŲóҲ˴¡ѦСһЩ˷ܵ˵
ѦѦλүϵĳݶʱɢȥ˱˴˿һۣߵҵߣнǺԵĽǸ˹ϸһѦŵȷһɾԴϵĽǣ̶ȱȽѩҪ󣬼ȻⶫǾͺðˣ⺣ԵĽԣö֢ѾͷѪ֢֮һܼ꣬Ѿͷ糣һ㡣
˻һ˽ԴϲҲ˷Ī
ԵĽ޷үүĲȴܼӵĲѩֿԾȻүү
⵱òˡ
һԵʮ˷ܣмĿһ֮æߵߣһס֣ûУĲоˡܱܿˣĴ߶ˡ
Ҳһϲ۽˸סĵͷ
ʱүү֪үүǱ֮Уæȥ㿴үүһ޴ı֮ϣܰүү۾һ˯һ㡣
̫ȣΧıů˳ˮ
ҿ첽˹ȥһץס֣ʱ̵æɿȥ
ƺǸоҵĵүүͻȻ۾ͻȻСšˡ


1086 Ѫ
үүɫ죬ʹ͵ģҵܵһһεģȴûбֳֻ΢Ц˵үүˡ
үүӲһ˿Цݣ˵СšүүˡƶһֱǸܻôʱүүоѾܲˡԺҵĵӾҪˡүү֮ͽصɣ·Ѿ㰲źˡߵ죬үүȫڽϻҲǰ취ҪȻһ¿ɾͰѧˡ
үӶѾ˳ˣȴ飬Ҽص飬ΪЧ
һӶصͣΪΪ񣬿νǾϹᣬ;ƿ֮ʱҪҽİ࣬ܶаĵ·ϣ治֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱҵлһַŭȻүүѾˣΪص黪ĿӣûйҲпͰɣѵǱ߾ûһ˳ܹܣ
صڻȦķһѩ飬˭ӸǸصΪУΪȫͨͨ
Ҹоκĺǣʼգص鶼û˲飬ֻЩѩ˹ʬ˰ˡ
ҲǱߵôģεĹĶǣүүѾˣֱӾͷֲˣҪүү
үү˵Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ˵ģѾҵ˾İ취ܿͻġ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̫صԵʣүү˵˼仰ٴλ˯˹ȥ
Ƭ̵ĹѦѦλүӴ˱쳣ı֮С
λүߵҵߣѦ̾ϢһСŰүүʱۿѾ첻ˣ̵ֻҽ֮УǿסȶֵоһӣȫҩռһЩĲҩȫ˶æֲҩ룬үүٶּ죬ڿǲˡ
һεĶѦҵλүӱʾ˸лѦҵĶ飬̫лԵò԰
˺˼֮󣬱㿪ʼλزеβˡ
λүһֹ
ѦүӸүүýѩˣѦóĽǸܼβ
Ҵڱ֮ڣѦүүβģܴʲôģȴѦүӸˣ˵ΪܼӿҪõ߰æܹʲôæö֪ˡ
ѦȴֻƺʲôҪ˵
Ѧλүӻʮַĵģûж˵ЩʲôֱӸѦ뿪ɽصǾסǸСԺ֮С
صѦλүסĵط֮˱˺ԺܼӸ֮ǰɹŴϣеҲȫ
һ䶨ѦһȻܼҺڸѾͷβ֮ǰЩұҪǰ˵һЩǽѩǺԵǣָıԴ֮ףڵѪҺ͹ǲˣҪȫܹȫָΪĳ֣һ㽫Ѫ͹һҲǲģ뻹ԸѪ͹УǴɷģѪ͹ǿģû̫ˣֻЩʹˡ
һ䣬һүֻҪܾȻʲôɣǽҵѪ͹ȫС
Ѧ˰֣˵ɵӣ㶼ҲˣĪҪ˵ЩɵȫйҪ˭ѪҺ͹ʺתѾͷǵвԸ𣿡
ʱվ˳һŵӷ𣬾һʤ߼ǽˣѪ㲻ʲôʲôԸģ˵Ҳǣ
ڳ˷׷׵ͷû˵֣ǧַүҲС
ѦҲ˵һó룬ˮУһЩҩۣȻóһĵ룬ߵܼߣȡһЩѪֱװˮУ˵Ƕһ԰ɣ˶ʵĻֻȥЩ˹ˡ
һ䣬׵Уǰȥֱ۳ѦǵϵѨóһ߰׵룬һĹͷ棬ȡһЩУͬȡһѪһУѦͷһۣѪ޷ѦӵѪ͹ںϣҡҡͷ˵һ


1087 ȥһ
һ˵Уһ֮⣬Ѧүȡ˹ѪܼͣһʮֹϵķЩڹŴѪ׵Ϸ룬Ѧүӵ϶ҪʵΪǾã˿ĺ
սû룬ļˣȻܹ
һԲ˵ʣµһѦСߣһˡ
˶ϸܼѪҺ͹裬СɺǧַүѪҺá
һǲ˴ˣһ˳һЩѪ͹ܾȻܼӡ
ڴ£ҺѦСȻûʲôһǴӦˬ죬Ǹм֣һֱǵл
һɴ䣬Ӳˮ
һ˱Ѫ׼
ڿʼ֮ǰѦүȴǰ˵һ飬˵ѪҺ͹趼ǿĶһѪ֮һʱ֮ǱȽģҲ˵޷У˶֡
˵үеƶһֱҵͷ󻼣֮ҲûʲôˣʱÿԵϢһԼΪȴҲûɶ˵ġ
˷׷׵ͷʾܹܡ
ѦĿ⿴ңɫСţóǺԵܼѾͷβõҩǺԵһɶõıһּΪҩ֮⣬һˮߵķù˵ҲϧϷ跨ȡǵһãĻỹ㣬ȥһ룬̺ҲۿۣݵǱˮߣù֮󣬶໹ˮУǾܷģˣϷҲĽܼѾͷĲκá
ֱ˵һ֮ϲΪˮȫù⣬ֻ֪һܼܽκˣʣµɻãʼδģϲѣͷʾûκ
е鶼Ը׵֮Ѧүӱ˶뿪ҪܼӵѪҺ͹趼Ź⣬ܽǼ˵Ѫ͹趼͵ܼӵڡ
һЩģҪܼӣѦүӵ̬Ⱥܼ֮£һҲֻܸһ˳
һ˶ǰԺĿȺĹѦСѾݺ˲ˮһһڼ䣬ע⵽ѦСߵȣ·һȳһյģҿȥͦԵġ
ʱѦС³ֶʱ򣬱Ƿͷһϥǹǣؽڶϵˣߵͨ޷ģ˵ּΪصƣӦý֫ˣÿѦҵҽͨ죬ѦС߱סȣǿ·һȳһյӣﻹͦⲻȥġ
ʵһֱλү˵ĻƤ飬˵С޵ͷѪܹѦСߵȫϣһж֫λүȴ˵СѾڽҵϣʮã
ˣҲһ˿˿ϣҲȥԡ
ϢΪͨڣڴѩɽǣǵʱһ˼ĶǽѩϣǽѦСߵԵˡ
˿һЩڣ֪иڵ˰ҴܹһЩüĿء
Ȼλүӵķ֮У绰Ҳǲͨģ¶ֻܴӳ顣
ȲĹһһֱֵüͷ
λҵˣҶӡǲеʱһЩԵЩ̫صҲȫܹ⡣
ֻһĿģǾǽԼþȻΪһĿģʲô鶼ȥԼ
ûвֶΣƷϻûɶģҲһֵѡ
ҿһԵһļС˵һģӿ϶ģҪѦҵֶΡ
˵һһֱɫ΢΢չһ£ң֣صСŸ硭лл㣬óǣǳѪ裬ݶ飬һˡ
ԼֵܣͲҪ˵ʲôллˣ㲻Ҳѩүү𣿡΢΢Ц
һûһ
кǧַүѦСɽսľ徭죬˵ǿϧˣһ˵ĭӺɣ˵ֶŵرȻһսͼӴ˵һᵽںɽɣҲᵽ˵̩ɽһˣ˵ЩͻȻðСձ˵ĻɫǧַүѦС߶һһ㶵ġ


1088 ĳ
ڻлɫ˵ɽսʱһֱڵģ΢΢Ц⣬Ҳ֪Щɶ
ѦСߺڵֱĴȣ˵֪͸һȥˣҲʶʶǴ棬ֻϧԼȲãơ
˵ãһ˵ܵһһεġ
ǷѦҵ̫ˣҶѦ֮ǰжĻǵڣҲӦûˡ
ǧַүҲǰֵˣ˵˼ң˷ܵĦȭƣ˵ļ֣ţȡ̫ţˣ
ʵԴǧַүһѦҾ͸оһֱŵģߵλүסĵطǲôȻǱⳡסˡ
Ҳ˵ֻмߵ֮ⷨдŵλүӣҲѰѵһģֽãҪλүҲǰס
ǧַүһ⣬ҲǲС
һĵ𣬿ֵľͻȻ;رܰ
һʼҽȦӣЩִģʱţ⼸켣꣬ϰ
ͷ룬ٸһѡĻᣬҪǱȽϲֽƯʽĲ˵̼֡
ʱҴҹȥ˲һСʱ֮ѦСߵүүѦñ˳֪ͨǸϽ׼һ£ϾͿѪˡ
ȫѦúѦС߱һ֣ǷѪ衣
˵ѪԳһѪӿ£õĺֵܴһܣͷ֮Уûҿ
ڣڶ֮ǰѦøҩûоöۡ
һʰ׵֮ҸоԼѾˣûһ˿ֱӻ˹ȥ
淢ҾͲ֪ˡ
ٴʱǰסǼ䷿һŴϲˣֱҺѦСԼһ
ǵһģ½Ҳ۾ȫ޷һҪһ㡣
ڣһһת֮Ǳµ߶ˡ
Щʱһɺǧַүźǣÿ췹ʳʮȫζ̫Ϥˡ
ڼ䣬ֻһΣ˵һүүǽѩѾҩүүβˣϵƶѾȫֻҲЩһֱţҪһʱղµ߶
үүãһֱŵҲڷͷȻˡ
ܼǱҲ˺ϢѪܳɹѾ˹ϢһųصȥӣһжõķչҲǽԴϲ
ֹһЩʱգԼ߰ʱǱһ߶ˣ˵үүѾ˹Ҳܹ򵥵µ߶֮ұȲȥ˺ȥүү
˺ʱүүѾһ䲻ǰ㺮ʯҴţҿʱѾܹĴŲˣɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
үүԼһʼȲ֪ڵƶûҲһֱ飬֪ЩʱգһֱĴѰҽѩ飬ǵ֮ѦүѾеʵ鶼
үүҺܸˣһҪıʣ˿̵࣬һһ㣬Դϵࡣ
ҽүүеĺɫкҹȥߡ
һүүתͷңЩĳ˵Сţ㳤ˡ
⻰˵Ҳݸүӣ˵үүҶѾˣͬѧкöຢӶܴˣɲǴô
үү̾Ϣһ˵СŰСʱүү;ڼңҲûһ㣬չԼӣûйֹүү
ҡͷ˵ûе¶СͰҿͺ£㻹أҪ쿴ңһܲˡ
үү⻰ˣǺһЦЦЩɬٴһ̾˵СŰǳˣүүӡ֮УһֱűǸСӣǰ꣬үүҲһֱӿͻȻ֮䣬үүͷĳˣֳһֳ죬ܹԳһƬ졭£ƽʵӿ෽𣬾үүͷϵЩҲǡ
˵үүͻȻסˣû˵Щ㲡
үӽ˵ĻЩ֣Ҳ֪Ҫʲô˼
˵Ȼûүүִ֮УҲܹ˽һЩǱߵ˵ĵطнͻйĶǵ鷢ǽǹٳ϶ᷢǽ˴ͷѪ֮Ҳ϶үôֱˣҲĴѹ


1089 ֱ
ҿһүүȰүүôһˣͱΪЩ߰ˣʱĳ͢ԱܸϻأǲҲý׹帣ˣҪݽ𲻹ӿһȱǮ
Ӱүү뿪ֻЩ飬үүѲʱɼ㲻̫˽⣬үүЩҲܸ˵ˣɣүүٺһЩûȥүүҪǲڣ޴ҲӦ
һͻȻðЩɤŵ˵үүҪҵģͱȥˣҶȴţĶȥһ˼ҲͷϵҲûʲôʾϵΪһѩĻ찵أ˽ǧˣصƨţ˵ѩ鳯͢ˣĸ˸ȥǽѩ⣿ĵطŻʲô˼
ӣ㲻еĵ̫ˣүүСӾͱˣܺԼͺãС̫࣬ǽһصԺԼҪСģүүҲܹĳСڵΪѾүү֮ˣʱ䣬ͳɳزҸѵһʱգܹԽүҲδ֪үүǾ仰ԶеĻҪնԺһҪСģ򲻿д֪
ҵ˵ͷӦһ
үү̸ָ˹ܼҺ˵һЩ飬ҶһһʮĽܼҵү˵һ飬нѩǴҲȫ˵ˡ
ү֮󣬱СŰ˵Щ飬ܼҵĺ㲻ԺǶ߶߽ѡ
ʱүүЩֵ̬ˣ߰ɣүүˣҪ˯һ
Ҿ뿪˴˴λүסĵط
ֹ˼죬˵嶼ָͦ죬ҪѦҵλүչŵʱһֱҲû˸ǵ壬ʮȫһٶû¡
ʱ䣬ҲȥܼӣȥȷǱȵҸռʱ̫࣬ԭ԰ֽҲһ˿󣬿ȥӵ崿ˣĲС
ͬʱҲһ⣬һܼ֮⣬ѦСû¶ʱҲǱȥĵ΢˼Ұ죬ӦǶܼӶһЩ˼
ܼӶѦС߿ȥҲͦõģһһС߸ĽţǽһѦСϲƨƨߵġ
˵ѦС˳˹˹ģʵҲͦ˧ģܼӵҪҪҶȴһ꣬Сӽˮ¥̨ȵ£˵þܴһԵ
˭˵׼أ
λүӵķ֮Уʱһܶ˾Ͳסˣǻһвס˵ͦչСӵģĳȥ
һ˵ҪߣɺǧַүҲסˣҲûʲô飬͸˸˴ǣһ뿪
ǧַүû˵Ǳ˴˶ϵʽԺپۡ
ҵĵ绰ȴ޷ϵһ뿪֮ǰȴһ绰룬˵ǼҵģرҪ飬Ҵ绰Ϳԡ
ǽ֮طʱЩ
ҵһĺתֹ˰µĹұˣɽ֮ÿУڼ䣬Ҳ˼λϹ̣еĹλϹзȨǵĻ˵ǵǼ֤ҵүһɳġ
ⷽ飬λϹһҲָҼ£ұǳջֶΣϣкܶô壬ΪԼü򵥵ķλϹ̶ңз˺ܴá
֮⣬콣ǶҲָ㣬ֲǰ಻ĵطʩչǿ飬ܾ콣Ļ򲻹үʩչȣ̫࣬ûжɱ
Ǻһȴõ콣Ѿܲˣ治֪үʩչ콣ʲôӡ
ֹ˴ԼҵĹ⾰үүָֻһЩܹһ߶ˣҲ뿪˴˴֮ǰһһֺһ
һֱѦ߸βүүҲͼ˵ġ
˼һҰ׵ͷݵӰʧ֮УЩۣܾıӰЩµ


1090 
үүߵʱҵѾָĲˣ޸ͱͨҪǿ࣬ҲûʲôؼҺúһøڵϵһ£ܲܰҵǻƤ䡣
ʵһЩߣΪ֮λɵĴڣΪǳĺÿΪָܹһҵУ콣ķϵָ㣬ܻһඥĸоȻ֪콣ķţεļүù׽вһļ⣬һһʽָ㣬ҵΪ˲٣ڸǽʱƺѾ콣彣ʽŵ
Ҫ֪콣ܹΪŸʽÿһʽɹ֮ҪһʽѶȶǳɱϵģҪǿΪΪӡ
Ҹо彣ʽͻƿڣǶΪõ֤
ʵҪΪҪһû˵ĵط޿ִָͨ򽻵ʵս飬ʱɱ˼ЩγУλģԼҲһʵȡ֮ԼĶ̴εĥ֮ȡͻƣԼΪﵽһֿǰ
һӲӣĸһһ˿̵ҿνǾǧѾεʩչһԼĵ·ⶼǴһδΪá
Ȼ⻹ֻһˣԺ·ܳӲԽ࣬вԽ࣬ԽǶԼĲ㣬ѹŻмȥĶ
ֵһ˵ǣһλϹһ¸˺ϴ辭飬ķͿھҼѾˣֻܹҵһЩ΢΢ĸоû̫ʵԵĽչ
һҪ˺ϴ辭Ϲ̶һֵɫȰ˵ŹǲҪУΪ״˵үôʱ򣬺üζԼȻЩ˵ˣ˵ˣһʩչϵʯͷܳȡΪӷۣȡȫڵ֮Уﵽһĳ̶ȣ޷ܣ˶Ա
λϹһŹЩ¡
ҵǴүʯϵļ֪еһЩԵʣ˺ϴ辭ķȿԵҲ԰Ͱ
бλϹ˵кǿķ֮ʩзȷ˺ϴ辭࣬Ҫ̫ΪΪ֧š
ȷֻȡΪԼãӶٵΪ
һǺһŰɱаĹֲһıʽ
ãһá
һַҲһֲֶΡ
ʵҪ뿪ԭ򣬻ǲ뵱ݣɵҲܹĳѦС߶ܼ˼ÿڣҲôң˵˶ûУ˹¼ҹˣڴ˴ʱȻȤصУܹõһЩͻơ
λүӵķִ֮˼֮ұ˴У뿪˺Ҷȡ
֮ǰҺһϵʽԺ˫ҪæĵطǶ˵ǿԺһѡ
һСӵΪӦڲ֮䣬˵л࣬ӦöǳéɽһϾҵ涼ǸһʦУλéɽŵӡ
ҵ԰ľѧ콣˺ϴ辭
һһֻصĹƳ档
ֻƳ棬ʮֺ棬ҲһĹ˵ֻƳǧƣүһֻƳ棬ҲǺǧ֮һټʮǰǳ̵Ĵսг˲˵дڵǧҲͱ֮ǰʮ֮һĵС
ˣǧҲһʮֿɲĴڣɱ֮С
һλ֪Ҫ֮ⷨжãҲûйʣֱӱ㿪뿪˺Ҷȣϳǡ
ڻȥ·ϣҴֻֻһ򿪣һİĵ绰˹
ֻ֪˲࣬ҵ绰Ҳôˣİĵ绰һʼһΪǸɧŵ绰ǽ֮ͨ󣬲֪һˡ
绰ڵĽӸҴҸом⡣
ҲǴˣҪǣȴԼˡ
绰һͨǽϤʹ˹ٺЦүþòأ


1091 ˭˵ģ
ǽӵһ߿һЦǺǵ˵ϣܼңôҴ绰ˣЩܳ
һϥĿæ˵ھүǽ϶ĳ¾үֽСأⲻǰͽͽᣬԺ󻹵óɾүչ˲ǡ
ܼҾǻ˵ˣҲӣֱӿżɽɣɶ¶ֱ˵˵
Ҳûɶ¶ϴѩǱϵ飬һγɾү֣˽ĳһһֱ¼ϣ뵱ʾһл⡣Щĳһֱ취үϵһֱϵϣǸүͨϻˣ֪үûʱ䣬ǳռһɺãʮֿ˵
ҳƬ̣飬һֹһ
Щ黹ͻȻģ˸ѦС˵ǻƤ֮⣬Ԭ飬ҲڰæҴһ¡
֮⣬һҸ飬ǾǵС¹ƵǸˣһֱûоʱпգƵ͵صȥãҲΪˡ
ΪʵҲУ⼸һȴͻͽĴʶܼҺһϿһֻ֮ǧƣЩƵļһһǰӦöСһԴ˷ˡ
ҾʹӦǽ˵ʲôллģǶѣҲӦõģϳǣҿ϶Ҫ֮꣬Ǻȶٴƣʱͺá
˵ǽʮָˣæ˵УôˣүʱҼͻȥϳǰݻүͲžүˣٻٻᡭ
˵ţӱ׼ҵ绰ˣʱͻȻʲô˾үĳһ黹ȷһ£ǽѩǲ˾үУ
˵⻰ʱһ㶣˲ͳʵ˭˵ģ
ұ˿æŲ˵үĳôһʣ֪ǸɶģϢȻҪһĽͨһЩҾ׼Ŷүô̫ţˣҽĳֶȥˣҪ˵ֶκĻˣǼֱûУ˵ôֺŶȥǽѩⱦ˾үУУֱż񣡡
Щ˵ǲǻǽѩעأզأ
ҲҡүڵľˣֹӲţǿɸɲ˵ǽѩûˡ
ȥ¶ڵ˶ܹҲǲУҲ֪ͨʲô;֪ġ
ָǽӺҳ˼䣬Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰
ֱӽӿҼС̵ſڡ
һʼҰ軹ûϳΪǸ֪ʲôʱѧ˿֪Ҵһ
ҿؼңλ˼ҺǸˡ
ϳһʱûмˣСһ˳Щ
˵ǲȱǮĸԺȸûʲô⣬һֱڼţԺ֣ǿ϶⡣
ڲ˴뱲ӣвסǲЩɣǿ϶įͣеĻܣСǮģΪ˸Ǵʱ䡣
ڵǸɵȻ죬ÿ춼ֺǺǵģҲͦˡ
ڵĽλҲͷѩɽһսɺֽΧҲǾ˵ôʱ䣬ʹˣϢʱϵϢҲʮͨ
һֱڵңҲǽһЩѣɽˡڡɽɣǶøһЩӡ
ЩŵԺ߽Ҳࡣ
νз硣
ĸһֱСȷʵЩ̫ˣһֱһص˻
ϾȺһصֶ棬նɱħһص˿϶ưոݵģôʱ䶼ûʲôȷʵЩ㷲
ãԶصſһֱмүչˣҿ˲١
С˴죬ҰСȷʵͦõģһﲻмص˹̣ҶĺСŻСŸ硣
Ĺս˾˳˹ҪҳȥȾƣʵѲȥˣսѾõϢүүƶѾȫˣڶȥְˣȾƵʱ򣬱εõѩ飬ұ㽫ľֽһ˽ס档


1092 
һپһֱȵϣǼ˲ⶼЩģҽǼ˶͵ص飬Ҳ˳ؼҡ
صſڣֿ˼үӣǸ궼ģصĴſڣŴ̹ӣƤգһµģյģ
ҹȥүӴһкָ˼һ˵һүҲûжıʾֻ˵ҸɵĲЩû˵Щġ
⣬һӴһЩõĺҶ͸˼ϣ˼ҲȻܡ
Ǳ˼ϣصѾͦˡ
ڴϣͻȻ־ЩģһЩ̫Ӧһʱ侹Щʴӡ
һ飬ԴǴ³ֶСѾͷƬһֱǬ˱֮Ϣ
һ³ֶʱѾͷƬǳɵħһɷ֮һ⡣
ħһӣһһֻĻеȫСȸˣһγ˯һΡ
һʱҲûʱ鿴Сȵ飬ͻȻŸСȹͨһ¡
һΣҽʶ֮Уܿ͵õСȵĻӦѾ˹Щ¶ġ
ǺҽСȸٻ˳һɺɷǬ˱֮Ʈɶ۳Ρ
һγҶСһֺܲһĸо
;ӵʵˣСʱҲ쳣ĸоƺôһ˿˿¶ȡ
ħ۵ɷ֮תĽҸоʮϲ
ȻѾͷһ˯ģСԣôʱû棬һʮָ˵ģҴ򿪵ԸӣʦִǬ˱˳ʹһŪĶʦֲʤ䷳Сûκΰ취
Ȼһ𣬳ܰڣҲùµ
Сһұ㿪ʼڴУѦүӳѪ֮廹ûȫʱÿȹһ¡
һ۾͸оʱţҳ֮״̬еʱͻȻһֻСֳģ۾ͿСȱŶʦվҵǰЦš
ҿվǰЦ⣬ôˣ
ȴһ˫۾ңЩصʵСŸ硭Ҹ֮ǰʲôһ𣿡һ£ϸһûпʲôһˣǳˣ
ߣųأˣ㿴桭СѾͷС˵
Ŵ⿴һۣѾ̫ո𡭡
һһ𣬲ͻȻһ飬һѽСȸ˵ȡʲôôҲԳˣ
ųҿЦһ£Щ˼˵Ҳ֪ô¶ǰ컹ûʱȾµĲУľͻصǴˣγ֮󣬾ûֺµĸоˡ
ҲСѾͷզ˵Ҳһ壬ֻҪǶǲ԰ģΪ̫أǿסִ֮һգܿͻɢ
֮ˣпܱΪɵЩħϵϢԵʡ
ǲΣôĽҲʮϲ顣
ֻû뵽ǣֻһСʱҵĹ⾰ԼߵңȱЩסˣ۷Ǭ˱֮С
ҴжϳһЩ飬Ȼڿ԰ˣǴʱ䲢ܳνʢ˥ʢ˥ɵ̫ϵɷ̫֮أ̫ǿҵʱܹһʱģݴɽ֮ǰҲԳ߶һ
֮ҶʱȻ˲١
ʼȥˢϴʱƺͽӶңȻҲú׼һ
һţһүӾվſڣ۾ֱĿҡ
һ㶣ʵϰ֣ɶأȥϰࣿ
ҰͻȻСţҸղźһŮ˵ǲǣ
ûа˰ɣҸղڿӰأû˵򡭡иСߵ飬ȻҸҰ˵ֻһѵ
Ұȴ۾Щ˵ϵģͿСӰҲ»壬˵ҲϴСˣϽҸϱ¶ôҲǻ¶ǡ
˵ţҰֱε̾Ϣһתͷȥ
һźߣε֣ʲôأ


1093 о̫
ҸоԼƺҲϴˣû뵽ҰֻǽëȻҿСӰһСӣ챼ˣûǿ϶Ҫ˫ˣû뵽ϰĿе˲
ԺܵıܴʩСȵˡ
֮󣬳˵׼õ緹ȻųӾͳţ˻ĽҰһ콣һ콣ĵʽоԴеһЩ
󣬱Ǹռ˺ϴ辭
ǸʮָȷзţҵΪӻ̫л쳣ѣֻõʩķ̽һ£ЧǺԵģʩչ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬷ȫëһ˲䶼˿ʼԴԴϵۣ΢΢ķڞųǣ֮¹ĵ𣬽ΧĲľڶΧ֮ڵĻĲ̱ɽƣȻܿήȥвϸСɳʯǣƮ˰֮Уӷۣ֮հ˷ٶļʮǴﵽĳһ̶ֳ֮ҵľʹһ־֮С
֮⣬ĵͣʹȻ˴ʱҾͷѾЩ޷ƿĪǿˣһֱôչȥע뵤̫࣬пܱѿ
ԽǺ£ԴԴɶԽ޷ƣһҧݺݵĳͷҧһ£һ˿˿Ѫζһһ𣬲ǿѹȥ
ָо̫ˣҪȶõ֮зӡҪֲࡣ
ֱֹ֮Ӿ͵˵ϣֹЪϢ˺һ֮Щ£һҵľͷȴܾ֮࣬зй
Һһʩչ˼콣ϴһƬطŪľᵹɽʯѣŽЩĸɾصϳǡ
·ϣóֻǿһ绰ǾƵﶩһõķ䣬˵ҪҪ
һֱ˵һǼĴƵ꣬κܸߣҲûôȥʱڵҪҲһõĳдһ֮ꡣ
Ͼ߻¶Ҫڰæⳡϵ黹ǲܺġ
ǿʾûκ⣬϶Ҫõİ䣬ʵķ񣬰ơ
ôһҵ˸ǿ˵ǸطѾһˣǿ͵ȺʱٴοǿʱСװͦЦ棬ǰӶ̫һˡ
ǰǿҹܻʱǴƦƦӣװĵĴ˶࣬оƢҲʼˣҹæӭ˴ӵһ£ҳĴƵĴ˽ȥһ߽кܶഩ۵ŮͷŸ߾Ҳкܶഩźʽװķ߶ǿͣĴк
ǿҲֻ΢΢ͷֱӴȥ
һ·߹ʱҷ֮Ҳûжٿˣ֪ǲⲻ̫õԵʣҲпĲʱ
֮еװʮݻ͸©һϢҸսȥûãͿЦ˹Ǹģཱུģһаأһүүĺţæкҹȥ
ˣڵ˻ûиҴ绰£͸ǿһﳶƤԱ߻м۵ŮרŸǵơ
Ҳûһô֪⻰һʳڣɫ̾Ϣһ˵⼸²бֿһҴƵ꣬װ޵ûߺãķҲû߳ӵպãضθһȾ͸ˣҲ֪ô¶£˶ǼҾƵȥһЩϿͻҲǱܣаˡ
һеҲгһ˻ϻӣ㲻ͣĸ߿࣬˵ټָһصģ⻹ûɫĻٻеˣĻ϶Ųס
Ҹ˼СʱһֻѾˣǽӻûиҴ绰СӲҸӰɣ
Ƶʱ򣬵绰ǽӴģæǸ˵ү˼ˣ·Щ鵢ˣٵǰСʱϾ͵ˡ
Һ˼䣬͸ǿɫһĿ˶ҺҪ̸ʱǲҪκ˽ҲУ𣿡
͸ǿͷ㽫һİ֮Уóӿʼ׼˾Ʋˡ


1094 Ǹл
ҸǰûжãͻȻһֱǬ˱еȱҴһʶ˵Ҫ͸͸
ʱ컹ûкڣСָոܹһʱСѾͷЩ˷ܣžҪҸ˵һмȽҪĿ˹һ
Ҳ֪СѾͷΪ˲ֲִֻǬ˱Ʈ˳СѾͷһĴһΣյЩûȫɾԾһεƣ̬֮ȴ޷ܹǹ˷ܾ
˹ûãűҿһȣΣҪ˸Ƶ߹ȥţһ򿪣ұ㿴˸ǿɫЩԾһЩԾ˵ҵšСŸ磬ѵʲô˰ղǾƵſͣһ˼ˣ˵ģ֪ǿĳ̫ôˣȻһֵǧ˹˹ӰöǮ
רߵǳϢǸַټ׶ǿɲһǮһ֪ȥʱ򣬱ǺüӳĺѾֲ֣ʱŸǿ˴֮УܿͿƺͽӣ󻹸ˣ̫Ѩ߸߹һɭϣһ˲ø֡
ӭȥһֿ˵òտɺã
Ҳ˵СֵܣʵǱǸЩ²һЩʱ䣬õˡ
ɶҲûãǽȥɡ˵ţұڵļ˾ֱȥǼİ䡣
һݣչţ˵ﾯɨƬ֮ӱǰһƵǰ棬һüͷ˵ãкŨɭ
СȻأܹסǿͨˣȴסµЩ֣Ҳ˵һģһС˵ġ
˵ţתͷȿһۣ˵ȣλ档
һ䣬ȱƮҵߣСѾͷЩһͽץסҵ½ǣĿƵˡ
ƺǼԵЩţҲȣ˵үһСʮǿһ鴫СĵпѾﵽļ˰ɡĶܹ
λЦˣСѾͷԴҳ͸ңһֱŮŮҲֵʱ򣬽ҪųҲСѾͷûа취
˵ţҿһȣȣλʺá
Ǻá۵˵
һڵ˶˾裬к
󲻶ãзԱ½½ĽƲ˶Ȼȫ뿪ˡ
ǵĿĲǳԷȾƣ̸顣
ƸҺһ֮󣬱СʵСֵܣ˵𣿡
㣬ɷģѿľƵꡣ˵
֮ѡطΪиǿڣҲģһԷ
һǵһǣҾԲٷƵĴ
ƺЩģʹһɫ˱˳ȥػ
ǸһߣƱ㽫Ŀȵϣ΢Ц˵ϷĽ˲٣Ǵ೤Ŀ׶ɭɭһǱǣֻ֪ɱ˻ĹСֵ׵Ļټ
˵ЦˣСѾͷһҲǻԵɺϣ֮ԳΪ𡣡Ҹ˵
ƿһۣܿת˻⣬ɫСֵܣϳ㣬Ҳûб飬ҪǹһǸл⣬һĳ¶ȷǲ̫صСֵܴȣżһҪȻͱСձɱˡ
˵Ĳص֪ԷСӿеõҪѰҽѩ飬ȴҪȥһױһףȷʵ̵̫һϴˡ
ҾҲûԭģΪԺ϶õǵĵط
˵գһתͷ˽һۣóһµСӣϣƱ㽫СƵҵǰ˵Сֵܵһȥĳ³ֶĳͣһżֵǵı赹ԣĳһ⣬СֵЦɡ
ҿСһۣ΢΢һЦ˻ȥ˵һһ룬¶Ӧĳͣôջ


1095 
Ƽ˰ıҲ˿ΪΪһǾϴε飬ʵű˵㲻ʲôǬ˱ﻹŻҪ౶ı
õŵʱֵǣòŵʱ޷Ǿһʯͷ
ҲҵĵΪ黹Ҫڵȥ졣
ڵƺͽӶı֮磬ΨͼҲŽ˸еĵߣǿǰóʱǾǺ顣
ѿԣǲҲܽǸˣǹϵĺã˵ֻкôûлԺ߽Ҳࡣ
ǹ׸ѦСߺͻѲһˡ
Ҿ֮գɫһ䣬Щȵ˵СֵܣǲҵѰѵϴε鹢ڻ
ҡҡͷ΢΢ЦˣҪѴľã͵һһ룬ֵܻأűӦõĳͣϾҲƵģֵһֵҪ˵ǲأ
һ˵Ƶϱٴθһ˿ЦݣӺǺһЦ˵үǸˣܻ쵽ֵزԲǿѨ磬ʵҲ˵ƷҲһһĺãүύԺǾˣүõڵĵطܿڱǣȻˣԺҪи̣ɽˮʱ򣬻үһҪֲǡ
һƱ磬ƤһͰҪҵ޽ԼԺͬչ
Ĳ˵Ҳܲ³ǵһ˼ʵҪ˵ΪҵȷǱڵĴ󹩷ԵԶǽӡ
Ǻʵ̶̼깦Ѿڽ֮룬ڵĽϲʱգȻڽһֵУԽԵҲָտɴһ̩ɽ˽飬Ҫһ첻µز£һصɽԺڵĺôȻܶࡣ
һ˵̾Ϣһ˵ܼңôһ˵һЩҪλæ
ƺͽӶһۣЦǺǵ˵СֵܣϷճ꣬ԺͱƺҽˣԵֱ֣ӻãʲô龡˵ĳֻҪģƳ١
ҵ˵ͷһ֣˵ϸ磬СſɲˣСڰæɲֹһ飬顭
˵޷ɫ
һ飬ǹѦСߵģҲ֪ϴǼ³ֶʱħСֵܱ³ֶ˴һȣȻҽΣȻЩ£˵С޽Ƥ棬ľѪܹж֫СڰҴ⻨Ƥ䣬ܹҵ߼۹Ҳɡɫ
Ƴһתͷ˽ӣʵ˵ֶ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ˵˵˵Ǵûм˵ֽƤСĩʱѾڽϾˣУӦúҰɡ
ţСֵܵĳ飬ȥ֮Ըȥڵֵڽϰæһ¡Ƶ
ģһհ졣ӵ
תͷңʵСֵܣǵڶأ
ڶԼһЩˣҶҰһˣǸҸճͽµĳңʬŵСͽܣԬλСĺƶˣĴѣϣϸܰһСӣһֱҵͷ󻼡
ٴεͷ˵һСɫѣȷʵѣǵأ
ҲǰһˣǸƵĸ֣һ¹ƣһ߹ƣŮˣɽǳֹصִй˻һЫӹƵͽܣҾ˽ô֪࣬ܲܰҵʵ
Ƴ˰ζֵϷ֪Ƶ˲٣ۼ置֮أ߹ƺܶʦᣬϡ棬֮⣬ɻǹʦùĹûУ
һ£òƻùһֽëƵĹǳЩˣƶ֮ʱ˵Ļëӣ඼йˣǲһ
ţͦҪģðɣЩСֵܾͲòˣͺãǻƤķЩʱ֮⣬Ӧö̫ѡɫ
һ֣ٴοǾϸ磬ⱨǶ٣ϸ翪ۡ


1096 ͷ
һ˵ⱨ飬ȴһ˵ⱨ飬СֵܾͲҪٸϸˣһɽ֮УСֵܽҴСձоȳ׺ɱϴһݶ飬ϸ˵ʲôҲûϣϸף͵Ǳľ֮ˡ
飬ⱨ϶ҲҪģҲϸǣҿ
ȴٺһЦ˵ҪҪ̸ͣҲ˵ٷˣǾ͵Ǳ꣬ڰ¶ϷԿۣҪҵ飬СֵܾͲҪ˵ˡ
Ϻ꣬ҲУ
ҲֻǸһ£ҪҪһǧҲòֻܽһŴóˡ
̸֮ұƺͽӺ˼ǺþƣҲǺòˣȫ࣬˼ڣоĳȷʵ벻ͨΪɶ˲ҵ
ǺȵʱͻȻһ绰Ȼ߹ȥС˵һЩʲôüͷһ˵Сֵܣϸ֮ڻЩҪȥǾ͵ҷģ˵ЩһߴָϽȥ죬һϢһʱϵ
Ƕ˿һȰڴ˴գҴĴϳǹƵģϾϳҲǹųǣʷƾʿ࣬Ƕֻ˵֮鷱ӣܾҲͽ˳ȥ
ֱƵſڵʱڿ˵еĺ˹˹Ӱ꣬治һǮҪǰ򹤵ʱ򣬹ƷܶһӶһӡ
ϳ֮ǰͻȻסҵĸ첲С˵ү֮ǰһϢѵľƵ걻˸ֽţˮϳ⣬˶˲λһв˸С󣬵²ʧò೤ʱ䣬Ѿͻͷ˲ա
ӵĻһ㶣˵ôԾأԭǱ˶ֽš
ƵλúܺãϳǿǻƽضΣҳպװ޶һģⶼãˡ
˵仰֮󣬽ӱ΢΢һЦҰ˰֣˹˹ӰҶԽӱʾ˸лǻָһֱĿ˹˹Ӱʧ˴ֵľͷ
һߣ͸ǿ˳˹˹Զȥķ˵ү⼸λүʲôͷộһǲү
һͷһɫ磬ʲôûУ
ûɵһ仰ʵɫЩֵ̿˵үʲô˼ǲдĲܣˣ
⣬ҾûеʲôˣʵңҪȻпСٴɫ
ҸŲˣ֧֧˵ǿȴǰ˵СŸ磬ǳʲô飬˵˵
ǿľƵ걻˶ֽţΪʲôǾƵⲻõԭ򣬳ʱȥǾƵҪţСҲôȥ룬ûеʲôõˣʵ
һ¶ʱ޺޵˸ӵģĸȱӹȥĵֶΣôҪҪǱ֪ǴȲɣ
ε̾ϢһȱҳЩûõģ뵽׵ɶˣҪȻɶȲ㡣
ϸһջε˵ҹܻ֮Ƕаˣʼ⣬ƣ⼸Ҳûеʲô˰ҪǰˣҲѣҲҰ
ǿʱ̧ͷǾƵбǼҾƵ꿴һۣЩ̫ȷ˵磬˵ûпбǼƵܸ飿ԴǵбҲһҾƵ֮ǵһһ
ģСӣҾò̫ܰҸԩ޳ġ
磬ͬоԩңûҲ취ۣҪȻô׬Ǯ⣿ǿѵ
˵Һ˼ǾƵĴſԶ˼۾ŴſڿȥʱҾƵЩģ͸һɸζҲ˵ʱﲻ̫ãһַĵӦߵſھͲпܱ˵˶˲λԵʡ
飬ڵĻǿ϶Сһ˼ҾרŸˮãԵģȴҵĶ̰壬ҲǺް취ϾҲһߣѦéɽı£һЩĶǶġ
ҴǬ˱ｫʬ߸˳ҴƵſĴ߶һߵһ̳ԱߵʱǷʬĩ˵СͻȻ˸


1097 ̳
ʬܹӦһа֮ɢϢĩ˵С˸˵طȻè
ǰĻֵ̳һЩֲԵҲЩģҶȫţѾǳʮ֣ֲȷӦӡ
һʼҲûϸ۲ƵĲãʱǰ죬͸¶ķһҲԣȻƲʲô쳣
Ƶ꣬ȫָŰڵ⣬˿̸ոҹĻûãƵſſȸʵûʲô⣬۲ԶһҽĴƵȴʮֻ𱬣ﲻ
ǻ̳վһתͷ˵Ҹ⻨̳ңܷʲô
ӦһæӾƵк˹⻨̳֮зһԼʮ֮󣬴ǻ̳澹Ȼھһں̳ӳ̳ǴģЩͷˣǴչ滭˺ܶģڹӵķڴһŻɫķ
½̳˹УȥĿһ飬Ƶүɶ
Ĺ˿һֲۣûע⵽ߣ˸Ͻȥ͸ǿǸ̳۷˴֮С
һ֮ڣҲŴнӹǸ̳ӣ·һ顣
ķҲʶž͸һаԾϾ⽭֮󣬸ŸɵзžͬеķҲ̫һ
ԥƬ֮ұ㽫̳ϵķڸˣ̳ϵĻֽʱƮ䡱һȼ͸ǿһ˷׷׺ˡ
ҷӦʱ̳֮ɢһɳһŵʱҾ;Щͷؽᣬһȣ̳Ӹ˳ȥһסˣæֽ̳ӿڸ·ˡ
ˣ̳ɢĳҲһԵ͸ǿסһŻæܵ˴ǰӴ򿪣ͨͨ磬ζǾòɢ
ҵţ̳﾿ɶôôأһȺµĳƵģ̫Ӧˣĸȱ¹ҾƵĴſڡһűһ˵
ҿŹֵ̳ӣʱ֮󿴿װʲôأһڲͽѬιȥζֱ۾ʵûٴ򿪵ڶΡ
ҲȥֱӴǬ˱һаҲ̳֮ϣʲôˣҲб޻
˵Ʋӵұùܣ¶ϵǿ⣬СӶҲǿͿģĲ˵ͳдƺͽӵپƲˣҲӲܡ
ҷϵǸ̳ӣ͸ǿһãȻɫ
һ֮󣬸ǿʵСŸ磬⵽Ǹʲô
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ϻ˵ֶǧٹ֣ʶıͲ࣬Ҫֻ֪̳ܽӵ׽ʱˡ
ȥֲԼƵ
ҿʵǴſûͷ
װ˰ûж׼ǻ̳Ŵſڣ϶ʲô˶ֽš
СŸ磬øɣ¶һҲ֪զ찡ǿЩ˵
ҳһȻ˵ɣ̳ҴߣҼ˹ſߵĻ̳ȫڿȻһЩֲװһ»̳ӣܸɶģƲ˴ۣǵͻ
˵ͷæллүˣҪ¶ڣ治֪ôźˣ˵զҾզ졣
ҵ˵ͷȻֵ̳̳֮߸װһµͷͷһҪСΣҪκ˷֣оǣ¶Լ죬ԼҲ֪
ǿӦģ¶죬СŸ˼ǣⶫڳˣЩҪǵ˿϶ҪǸطһװεͷΪץǸļһ
˼¶Ǿ죬Ȼȥʲô͸Ҵ绰һʱһһֱϳǣʱԹҵ
һǧлĻҪǮң˲ҵ϶˲٣ĺ˼ҪǮ
ҽ̳װǬ˱֮кСȣͳżҵķȥȥ֮Ҵȥս壬صô꣬ϡŹֵ϶࣬ⶫ֪ɶ


1098 
صʱ䲻ڵƺͽֻźȾˣҲûôԷӻЩˡұڼҸСսһ绰ȥ˵ҹսһڴӦʮңսԼһ߽С֮С
СûʲôˣսһͳңЦеĳ˹Сţҿ϶¶Сһ²ƽʱҲ벻ҡ
ҹһЦһƣ˵λ˵ˣȺȱƣ¶һ˵
սҲҿһˣӾͿʼвˣһ߳һ˵ȷʵæĹǺҲû˵ϳԷСٷʱ򡣡
ɻɶ飬æ
һص飬˵ǰһֳһص³صзֶ棬һص²˵ģһһлæŻָ³һصĽƣһҪһصò̫ƽһһصֿʼ۶ӣֵΪ¶æĹǺ
ҵͷʾȻһصڻĴظʡݶзֶ棬Ψ³رҺүӵȻһգһֱţһ⡣
һսֵСţҿͦеİҪ㿼ǿǣǰ֣ǿ϶°빦ֻҪһ棬Щһص˱֤ŵĶβͣСӼֱһصĿǡ
Ҵñӣм죬ҹ̹ӣ㻹Ҹһصĳզأٳ棬һص˿϶ŷҡ΢΢Ц
սҲЦֺһھƣ˵û뵽СҲкµʱһΪתһ𹿰ܽ춼ͱ
ҰսһִۣǬ˱ｫǺ̳˳˾ϣ˵磬ҳۣǸʲô
ĳ룬ҽⶫһóսŵֱӴλϱһ֮ɫæСӴŪⶫϽӳȥжԶӶԶ̫ӦˣòҳԷˣ
սı֣Ҿ֪϶ʶⶫһͦģҶˡ
ұƵ磬˵ô˵Ҳصϴһ̳ӾͰų˵Ƶģ㵹Ǹ˵˵⾿Ǹɶ
սæ֣˵СȽⶫٸ˵
˵֣أֻֽǺ̳Ǭ˱֮Уֵ˵˰ɣ
սƺЩ£ȴٳκζˣֺһھƣ˵õǶҺܾ֮ǰһΣⶫ̫˭˭ùҸû˵ĵطϽˣ϶ù͸
ɶսĻҵĺģ̲סٴʵ
ⶫ˶ޣô˵أʱ򴦾񼫵ķ˵ʱһּ̽ٴ˵ɣս
˵ʲôзأҺ
ʱ򴦾񼫵ķ˵ʱ򣬶ѡ٣СϸϼٵǧǷ˿νܾĥܳܵʹ࣬峯ĩʱ򣬱ٴ࣬ҵ̫ƽ˶õʱĴص˿˽һ룬ץЩ̫ƽķ²кܶ඼ٴÿطУⱻٴķԹϵⱻ޸ɾ֮ʱ˻û͸඼ɼʱ򣬱ҰʳЩδķˣͷһˣǿ϶ʣһЩ֫ϱۣװ֮У󺣻ҸƫƧĵطˡ
ǱٴԹ̵ܴЩЩԼֺչӽǵʬװ޷Ͷ̥ɣ˭ҪǿͻմȾϺܶԹùĺܣ㵽״ﵷĳⶫ
սһԹ˵
ʱҲŸչӵԭô˵ȷǹġ
ҵҲ£СȸţϢСȻܹһ⡣
ҾͽƵſս򵥵˵һ飬ս֮󣬱˵϶˵ˣ˹ʹҪȥ˼ǹģû˵϶Сӵʲôˡ
ҽǷ޸˳ǲǱ߻һЩʵ
ţ϶ģҲմȾһЩɢ֪ʲô˸ɵҪǲö֣߿棬а͵úúʰһսظ˵


1099 һͷ
ҳһ˵С飬òǳ棬ʰˣǿԸɨβס̵̣ѺѺѾǱˣ͵ŴϹء
սٺһЦ˵СԽԽˣ޸ڳԷ϶ʱ˵ûٶʲôֽţֻþˡ
ʵҾôһ˼֮ǰⶣ͸ǿǻ̳ʰһ飬һ۴ļƣɱζԷöԷонǷ޸˳
һԷ϶ٶʲôֽţǿ˵ֽŵ˺пܾбǼҽƵ˶ֽţΪ˼Է⣬ǻʲô鶼ܸɵĳֱѾ˺޵ĵز
ܹаҲףָⷹأôһҵɡ
һˣǿǿ϶ҲʧҵҲ뿴飬ԣ¶ҿ϶Ҫһܵġ
Ū֮Ҹսһ˵˵ž˵ڵ飬ȣս嶼֪ڣΪڽ֮ϻһʮصţֻһЩڽ֮Щλ֪ȵ˲֪Ҵڵţڻ˽˹С
ϴҸ˵һ´ɽѩ飬͸ᵽţսȥ֮ŴӵҵһڵϢڼص٣ʷȴ㹻ƾã˼ҴĩʱеüļҵˣһЩصϢսҲûʸѯģǱĳЩ˸Լڲض൱
ܹʾãԲʲôⱾս嶣ҪǵĴȣ˵ԺܰҴæʵҲôá
ֳԺһҺս˫˫ȥȥص飬ص˼
⼸£ÿ춼ڼУʱҲῪһĽҰȥһ콣
콣ǰĸ˵̫ѣѾյĲˣԴӵʼѶȾͳɱϵˣǣһˮ룬ܹ־ҵΪһµ̨ס
ΪǰĸУǽ֮бʩչǵ绢һ־ˡ
вǽ꣬Ҫ֮зӡͷ֮绽꣬ݿ࣬Ǻĸо
λϹ̵ָ֮£ѾһЩŵҲڴ˴̫ʩչΪ̫һЩ
콣һн죬ȥڤ֮͵Ǳ˰ʱ򣬼ҸүʩչһΣǽ֮зӡֱӾʹӽ˳ǧɫ䣬ڤ֮ص񶼴ƨ
һֱжһɻ󣬰˵ү콣ҲڸҸүүԨеתƵҵĽ֮УҸүǰѽеðأ
Ҳֻпյȥʸүүˡ
һǸүҲЩӶûмˣȴҲ֪ϴڤ֮ܵ˺ûУŵȹʱȥ̽һ˼ҡ
ڼһ죬һʱͻȻͽӵڽӴĵ绰һǽӵĵ绰лʮֻϲģҰиڵüĿ
ǸӺһǲϢ
˵ԴӴǻ֮ҾѾڵֵȥĴ̽Ϣȥˣһһ˵˵ȥҵǸԬСӣҪǲ˵ˣһ˻֪СӵȷǹСĵģΪһͷǣӲϵϵڽȴ˼С飬Ͷ·һֱĴҴܣûǮ˾ʹҽᣬһϱһСһɱʮ߸޹񣬽Щ˵ǮϴһգЩǮֱ˵صһͷ͵ɴӦȥԽϺͼկǱߣҲŷ顣
͵ɳȥʲôɻ
ҾͲˣص׷̫˰ɣڹƵ˺򣬹ڴȥˣǿ϶Ҫȥ㣬Сһˣ˵͵ɹȥ֮󣬻Ǹͷɱˣ˺ʧȥϢڹڰ϶ûɶ⣬û쵽Խϡկֵط׷γ˺ܴѶȣھʾүʲô˼׻ҪҪСӵȥߵͷĻҲ취˹ȥ


1100 ڳ
ӵĿ˼¶лأҪķһۣ¶ҾǷڵأһǮûǣǵǱĻһЩⲻȥ
˵ԬȥĵطпǽǣǸطӣãȫغܶ˶ۼǸطڵ˹ȥҲ治ת
˼¶ѾûбҪڵ˲ˣϾǵΧ֮ڡ
ȻҾҪǼ飬ҲܹκѦС˵ֻƤ棬һʵ飬ӶʱЩˣү⻨Ƥ治ǲŬңʵЩҲѾˣǵʱ䣬ҲС
ұʾȻ˵һЩлĻʱ򣬽ӲŸ˵飬ҲǸС¹ƵǸˡ
飬ҲЩüĿֻǲ̫ȷṩѾڴغ֮صկȷ˼ѡνկӣǲôӴһЩˣЩկӵеĺܶ˶ƶ֮ǻֻӹƵĸ˲࣬Ѿȷѡ㣬ʱȷ֮󣬻֪ͨΪǱȷ⼸կеùƸ֣֮ǰ˭ɽǵĳй¶ҲǺżĿǰôǸƵ顣
˵绰֮Щƣû뵽ԬСӾȻ쵽ֵزڶˣҪܵǸܵĵطǵطžֲͦģСʱ򿴺ڰƬҲЩ˽⣬ǵطкܶװ֯ʹɣۼȫصķӺ͹Ӷһãɱ˶ڡ
Ҳ֪ԬֵطҪʲôֶΣͶصװ֯ʹɣǿ϶ǱҪģֻҪб£ֵطǺ׻ȥġ
ҸԬ̫֮ˣȵˮ飬ƻ鷳Ҿ͵ˡ
ڻƤǸС¹Ƶˣ¶Ĵӳ飬ֻӵȡ
ڼִһĹǱ߸Ҵ˵绰绰ʱԵЩ˷ܣͶһǧл˵ԽԽˣֿʼָ״̬ĲС
һ˵Ĺͷˣͷÿ춼Ҫţڻ̳߶ֽŵĻ˽סʣµͺðˡ
Ӧ˵һҵķԸȥ
ҵ˵绰֮һǾЩףǱӦһֽŵЩֶΣǸߵĻǱߵ˹ƶûж֣黹С
뵽ҵϢĵǸƵ֮Уҵǡ
˼ҳǾƵﻹЩ⣬ǣֵпͻȡжһֱ˸ץסΪֹ
˶ҵĵȻʮָˣ˫޳ɡ
ԼҪһ䣬СһУڼҹһԵֶΣӶȹΪھϵõһͬʱҲһеĻٵжԵʱ򱣳һƽȵġ
ǿʮΣͷͰװڴϵİϣ̳һȥһۣŴϸĻͿʲô⡣
ڸǿľƵһֱǱ죬һֱûʲôǵľƵʮֻ𱬣ﲻбǼҴƵ⿪ʼҵ
Ͼװ޻ڳӵ϶бǼҪǿ࣬µʱһܹȥרųһٷ˵ʵ治զء
˵ϣǸļһڳˣҹҵʱһ˳ڼҵĻ֮С
ǿ˽ҹȥҴСȺܿ͸˹ȥ
ʾһһ˶ϱһڰˣ˻̳ߡ
˴Ѽññѹĺܵͣݡ
վڻ̳ǰҵĿһȦȻŴӺڰóһǲǰڳǷ޵ĵطʼĶܿ죬Ĺǻ̳֮ڳһӣǱóһһģһķ̳ŽںõĿС
ʼʱкһĸǿ˽СӸ׽
ǿĦȭˣʮ׳ǴѼñС󣬾ͽΧˡ
һֱڼѼñһһ
Ѽñֱ˸֮󣬵ǷתͷܣȻܵĳȥʮһϾ͸Ѽñ


1101 Сүˣ
ϣǴѼñļһﲢǸ򵥽ɫǿʮ׳һСӸΧסʱͱҪҸǿһҪСˣȥʮҲƴ
Ǵһ̣Ҿ֪ǿǿ϶סԾ͸СʹһɫϽȥæڼǰ棬Ѽñһһ
̶̵һӵʱ䣬ǿȥʮһ붼ſˣΧȦӱһڣһͳǻڵλÿٱ˹ȥ
ȻܿһɺɷӭײѼñϣһֱͦͦľͳźɵ˹ȥɶͣ
СȳˣһоͽѼñŷ˵ϡ
ҿǿǼֱӽѼņ̃ŴƵĴķȥ
ʱѼñͱ̧ҵǰɻǸһͣ
ѼñԱߣСȳҼüŪۣҸһ͵Ŀ⡣
ǿڵϻѼñ˵СӴܻǰѺ֣ǵֵܱҪܵʱͻȻԵ˵ϣ֣СŸ磬ǲ㶯֣
Ȼܸǿ˵ȵ飬ȼߣֻҪȲǿһҲǿġ
ҲûлӦǿĻǿѼñȽϵɷ֮˻ȥ
ѼñŻָģʱѣ죬ЩֵĿһֱۣӾתͷȥһ׵ģ
ڴصĴϢţ΢΢ı۾˿ȷܹˣʲôУСǸߣΪôʱ䣬ŻУǻء
Ҳôɹ˵СϷ
ǿӣʱһ޺޵ĳһţôҹǾƵſڸɶأ
Ѽñһ仰˵߶ûкһ¡
ιͦйүĳôҲҵңǲǻˣ˵ţͳѼñ˹ȥһѾͽѼññӸק̧־һơ
Ѽñ޺޵Ŀһۣ۵Թ֮ɫĿע֮£Щˣ̧һֶֻûٴȥ
ҽżһ㣬ӾͳѼñ˹ȥ΢Ц˵Ƕ㲻˵ΪβˣȰ㻹ʵҪȻ滹кܶͷ㣬ʱڶ
СӻЩ۹ģһ۾Ϳı治ɫĲ˵ûɶǰҹ䡭
ͦ˼ǻ̳߻һӣɶأ΢Цʵ
ҿǻֵ̳Ļͦÿ͵һûȥԼûü֣ͱǷˣϵùǮǮǱҲУˡСѼӲ
ҸһԵĸǿʹһɫǿ߸ѼñǰѼñǺ̳һۣ治ɫݶȵֵ͡
Ƕܸ˵˵̳װɶôֵ
ǼԼƵĳҪϲ͸ˡѼñдʵһжˡ
ǼƵͦر̳Χзģ滹ѹһŻֽ²ǳ˹ͷɣб۾Ѽñ
˵Ѽñһ˲֪ıǶء
ʶļС͵һ´ӵһ¾ͽǰ˸ײ˳ȥҪſڵķȥ
һ˲䣬Ҿʹ߶ٰ˲Ѽñǰ棬ЦеĿ
ѼñһղŻϵңͻȻͳǰһ£Ǳʮ־ʣ˹һ㡣
СƬ֮ܿͷӦ˹ֱӾһȭҵԴ˹СɫΪûһصһͨСආΪߣǰŪܹȭͷҵԴϣһֻѾߵؿڣֱӽŷ˳ȥӾǿŵڵһ˳ȥҸղϣӶʱײķ飬ѼñҲûվڵϲסķ֪ͷûС
һٰ˲ֶΣֵЩĿɿڴһҵĿ˳羴֮ɫ򻺲Ѽñķ˹ȥԱߣЦе˵СӣСүˣУʵʵĽ˭Ƿڻ̳ģֿɺأԲ


1102 
˵⻰ʱҽϵϢȫչ˳һ߲ܸоҵΪȫ׾ٵѹһϵѹƣһǿߵ֡
ѼñڸܵҰϢ֮󣬽סһ£ȴЩ˵ҡҲ֪˵ʲôҡľ͵ġ
ãҳ˴ĴָȻ˵Сӣ
˵գתͷļˣ˵ˣСӸס
һ䣬ʱӣֱסֽţһרŸ졣
ҽǷޱһ£ЦСӣ㲻˵ǳǺãҪǽ̳ĶȫˣҾͷߣҪʣһҾͽһ̳ĶҲˣ
һ˵Сֱӻˣʲôǲ֪˶ͷ˹ͷζˬСܳԵ£ҾԾͷˡ
Сӵ۾ɵԲͽ̳ӵķڸˣһεľ飬ҽӴȥǶ׼Ѽñ
̳ζһɢǼֱ۾ʱһŻ
Ҹǿ˵һӹǿҲƵ뿪ʱ㽫һӵݵҵС
ӴǷһЩڵĹͷֱӾͳѼñ˹ȥѼñϳԣҵķ˲Ž˸ȫס
Ȼֱӽһɫ˹ͷȻһɤۣ˹ͷĶӡ
СֱӱˣһǿȻЩˣſڵϾʹһأȥҹƶ˳ζ͸ûˣǿæ򿪵Ĵͨ磬޷ɢҪĳζ
æ޸ϣһСӣſԼ³ǶŻϣѾһһ㣬һҲܶˡ
ҲŹֽ˹ٴμгһںĹͷ˹ȥ
Сڱˣֱӿ˵硭ҷˡŹҰɡʲô˵
̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ˵ܶˣÿζֵĺӲСүһʩչֶûһеģ˵˵˵ˣαأ
˵ţҽǷ޷һԣ˸˵ѽѽû˼һлкܶûأôˣ˵˵ɣ˭ģʲô·
СӶʱսսһ۷ߵķޣ˵зޣȷʵװ˹ͷһǰٴˣڴƵſڻ̳ΪƵ˲˵ġ¶ҵ⣬бǼƵϰǸɵģһǮĿľҪǡ
С˵ʱĴѵģȻģˣĵֶΣȥĹȣ
˵ţһ֣˵ֵǣҳһȥľƵ˵
黹û꣬ŪٶҲ٣Ȱ
ҲҵĻȻڻðɣҲֻܽӸѹ
ʵ¶ǸǼҴƵϰĸɵģҲԤϣҸӺǣСʲô·ܹһ˲·İ취Ҳһ򵥽ɫ
˭Ǹɶģҳʵ
ҡҽ˶ϰҹģʲôҲûɣһҵҪΪ׬ЩǮҲҹλүĻСӹӵ˵
Ȼ˵Щ鲢ȫţֶܹΣһһߣҪ˵һҵ񣬼ֱ¹ء
ҲϻֱкٽСӸסʵηһ̳˹ͷ˲ɣ
һкʱüٴΧ˶ĺˣæ֣ɥλ硭Ҵˣҳˡʲô˵ҲҵˣʦΣʦǮڻ̳޵ġֻһСɫ֪ô࣬Ņ̀֡һɡ
СӵŲˣɫˡ
еķޣ߶⵹Ǹ֮ǰôû˵أ
ҿһԵʵ֪𣿡
һ£˵еӡ󣬺ǵķˮģĵط¿¥̣˾ɶģ˹ȥӦͦģһ˿벻𡭡


1103 ߴߴ
ֻһЩСֶΣ˶ļһʲôˣŪȥ
ģҴƵбǰҲһҴƵ꣬Ƶ꣬ƵϰģŽǰһϳҲǸӣǰҲʶˣϵһ㣬ֻǵͷ֮ǰϳҲǻķˮֵһֵܣЩ꾭÷չǰЩܶŹթ鶼ˣҲרŴЩƦԣЩ˶ϴݣƾǰĲ֮ƣӪЩҲɣֻܿƵ꣬ɶġ
һ꣬ҾƵ꣬׬˲ǮĿۺ죬бҲһƵ꣬СӲúøɣרŵһЩаãĸܾЩϵĹϵְ˸Ӷ򲻵һ֣ǰ˹߾үĴֶ֮ģܹ˵ϻġ
һʼҴƵ֮ⲢǺܾǿǿǲⱾôɺš
Ǻҵæ⣬һǮνֶ̣̣ξ͸ĳһУǷ޷ҾƵĲλ֮ϣƻǾƵķˮһʩһЩֶƵ꣬һһǧɣƵ
˶С˵ʦκھʮѾϳǿôһҲǸ˵ɽйɽʦڵĴˣ汾µˣϳ³صķˮ綼ķˮҲ˵һָٹˣ̣ﲻͨҪҵʦǸܵ顣
ЩǸ˶С˵ģ޷Ǿ˵ʦжôţȣǵڰʶͨ죬ȻûивҽˣǴô˼
ֻҪҵʦǿ϶ûʲô³
ЩŻһ˻УǶȴôʹ
͸ǿ˶һ˵ɫ
һ£͸ǿһʾߵǾƵĴ֮С
վһƧ֮Щ˼˵ү˵εһ˵治ǸһЩԹ͸̴ֵϱּģ˼ҸͲ˱´ĺܣʶܶҪҿ¶Ǿ˰ɣĵģһǽ»СС»ˣҪǼΣŪǳԲ˶ߡ
ǰСŸ磬ǲ𻹶㲻Ҫ˸ʹӣȥˡǿҲ͵
۾ˣЦһ˵ԽЩ˾ԽŰ裬ΪˣЩ˾ͻŹǣΪˣ䱾Ƶ꿪ȥԸˣǾ͸ʹˮǴʹ˴ˣǲŻ᳹׵׵ķ
һ˵ûйʿЩɲ˵ү¶һִˣǿɲճϵﲻҪˣҲһ仰飬εĹϵǺܸӵġ
硭һ⣬Ҳһӣ㻹ǵôԸ𣿡ҳʵ
үͱ¶ˣ̫ˣԼһ˵ǹƥҵҹܻᣬȫҵϡãҵĸ첲ȶˣһЩءҲȥĺһٰɣЩֵʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʱʢδЩ嶯ʵҲЩڣ¶ͲôˣǴӳ顣ӽ쿪ʼ¶ȫȨ֣ʲô飬һ˶ţƵǿȥˣʧ⳥
ү˵ĻǴҵæмأôҪ⳥Ȼ㿪ˣ¶Ͱ˵İ죬ҼҲľ⣬ҲûаԹԣɫ
˱֣ʮ⣬ļ򣬿ο磬ģǲԿģҪҡ
͸ǿңĬĵ˵ͷ
󣬸ǿʵСŸ磬Ǹô죿
ߴߴ磬ȻȴǼֵĵط֣һ˶δ绰̽̽ʵҵ


1104 ͷͦ
Ƕ˵˵ͷһȫƾҴõӣһٴλصǸУǸ˶СӾ͹ڵϣʮ˸Χţ֪ҵ֮ҲҶʲô˼ˡ
ߵСӵߣһҰһӣ˶ǰ˵СӣڸһᣬǸʦһ绰ȥ㣬ϲͿıˡ
С˵һ£ƺЩţһŵҸʦ绰ƭҵİɣ
벻򣿲Ǿˡֵ
ϸʦ绰ȥ˵ţСϷһ£ҳһֻƾҪ绰Ρ
һֻֽ˻Ȼȵһٴ򡣡
˵ţСĸ˵˼仰һô˵Ҫ˵©ǣһҪǿӲ̬ȣԽԽãŭǼһҲú¡
û뵽һô˵ɫЩΪѣҵһۣ˵ͷʾӦʡ
ҽֻ˶绰ʱ˶ܹ
˶һհ죬ʦν绰˹ȥ
Ѿ賿ӣ绰֮󣬲ű˸ͨˣ洫һͳʮֲõ˵С䣬㷸ʲô񾭲ô绰ʲô
ǵͳһ䣬һεεŮ˲ͷҲ͵ǵģô绰˯ྲ
˶һᣬЩί˵ʦˣĴƵ̳ӵʱǴһţǽұһ٣ҳ˹ͷߵ˵Ҫ˼ԹȥҪȻͽҹƾ߲ȥˡ
˶˵绰ͷĬ˺һǸεļһû˵ǸεεŮȴһС¶ˣûõĶ
ԼĬʮ֮˵ˣ˵߹µ˽ӵ绰
˶һңһԵһ£֣˶ĵ绰˹ȥֵ˵ιôʲô˼Ȼֵµӵĵط飬¶ôû꣬ҪǲүһүԲ˶ߡ
绰ǱֳĬӣŵʵϳǴƵǰɣ
ңôذɣƲŴϻͦǿġ
ţֵģϷﻹһʶľ͸Ͻҵ˸ˣȻٸͷ¶Ҿ͵ûзҪִԲϷ򲻽ú棡
ȥǺôĿԼ˻¶ôֱ׳ȴвˣͷͦġ
ɫЩȣ֪ô˵ˣҵһۣһŵģôҪͽȫˣڹ˵ͽܹҾƵſʲôޣƻӵĲˣļӵľƵ꣬¶Ҫǲһ˵ͽվ߳ȥ
ԷһЦ˵ģ֪ʲôǷнŹĹԱ㲻ĻԱǿЩô˵ǻ˵ЩôҪǲұǾô־ͽ˼Ū㣬ҾͲ
εĻ±ˡ
һ˵ȷʵ˶˵ĴƵſ޵飬Ͳʲô֤ݣھǰһŶȶûУȫǷ⽨ţʮ˽˶һ٣ѺľƵüСʱ¶ھǰЩ˵ˡ
֮Ըô˵Ǿ˵Ūþͽˣ˵Ƶ꿪ɣ˶öܲ£
˿̣ЩƵĿң죬Ȼһ͡
һ㶣ȴǰҵķԸڵ˵ģү㣡
˵仰֮Ǳߺܿ͹ҵ˵绰
绰ӶЩˣߵҵߣЩ˵үզ죬Ĳ汨ɣ϶ˣҪȻǽСӸ˰ɣ
ˮڣĪ£һжүڡг˵
˵̫صˣ˵½ˣȻǸߣզ˵Ҳǰˣ˾͵ðսĹ죬͵ֳţСӾȻʹĵֶΣһͱ١


1105 ʮС
ͨ˵¶Ҿ͸оͦģĿһУһǺޡ
һˣúõĿˮ׼ɶģȻּ˵Ĺ
ݣϼһﲻҪ˵ֱ׳Щ̫ˡ
˶ʱģ˶ͽӦǸЩ汾µߣжǿҲ֪ü棬֪֮
˶˵ǳɽʦҲһˡ
ֻҪߣʦţֻҪԸ׬ǮǻǺ׵ģڴǧľЩ˵УϾ󲿷ߣŴеУ̸Ǯģһ˵Ǯľ֮ΨкеĵԼҪ׷ѰĿꡣ
˵Ϊû˵ڴǴǰӦеڣʧΪַ緶֮ǰҲǸһ
ǲŴɵﶼǰ㣬ﶼк˺ͻˣоӺСˡ
εļһһʮСˡ
ҪĹϵҾ棬˭Ц
ԳʲôĺûмҲһϹ˶ѡ
͸ǿЩĻҵ֮УұֵȴޱȵǿҶţһзıá
˵һ򶼱Ƚǿƣҵĵܿ촫ȾǶˣһԵòǰˡ
Ҹ˵һ˶Ҵ绰һͻ
ֱӵ˾ƵĴ֮Уɳսһ绰ȥ
绰սͽЩ˯ʵСţô绰϶ʲôҪɣ
Ӧһ򵥵ĸս˵һߵص˵һ飬û룬˵εʱս徹ȻҲ֪ˣ˵εȷǸбµļһҲ˶˵ʦɽʦģֻʮʱѡɽʦϵͦӵģڻɽǧ˿ƵĹϵϳǻĺܿǲҪһ
ҵĴ𰸺ܿ϶һҪ㣬һҪˣһõͷС
սԥһ£ȰСţ治򵥣Сûŵ㣬̫ˣɽʦҲвٸڳ֮ϣص鵣ҪְҪ̫˵ͽŪĺܸӣܶϵᱻǣ
û뵽һﻹôѲѾϣòûлͷ·ˡ
ֻսһ仰磬¶㵽ܲܰң
ܣֻҪҵΧ֮ڣһܰ㣬ǰǲ̫֣Ҫǽ˻ˣҹƾͶסˡսʵ
ûôţֻҪһ¾ͺãһҪϳǹٷĹϵ¶øѹ첻˵Ļϵүү޴磬˵СѣԲԹ۵ġɫ
òţֻҪϳǣصΪ㱣ݻû˵صɵЩ飬³غüһصķֶ棬ǷṦΰˣ۲ӢѪ᲻ǣսˬ
ҲݸһЦС仰Ҿͷˡ
Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰صǼ֮У͸ǿ˵ͷʾǿġ
ˣǵ˴ԼСʱ֮󣬾ƵͻȻһܼľƵĴžͱۡĸˣվˡ
Сĸġ
͸ǿʱЩˣ׷׿ңզ죿
ֱӱզ죬Ȼȥˡ
˵⻰ʱҵͷһ۹ڵϵ˶СϲɫΪ˾ǡ
͸ǿЩĵĿһۣ˳ȥЩ˿š
ɨһЩ£ǸϽɢˣһҪ
ЩʵѾŵĲˣ仰ʱɴ⣬׷뿪ҡ
Щ˿ٵ뿪֮ǹڵϵ˶һ֪ô˵𣿡
˶һ£ٺЦ֪ҵȻ֪
ҾͲģһ϶۶ӣһǱȽԼġҺٺЦ
Ц˶ʱֻˣЩ˵㡭Ҫʲô
ҽܸ˸ʶʶ˵ţҴһֵָСȣɡ
һ䣬СȶʱЦеվ˶ǰ


1106 󶯸ɸ
СȾϲˣʱӲÿһѪǵڻѪֹģͷϳǰֲһģ
˶һӣʱŵĻһЩ˹ȥ
겻ȵյһֱӸ˶ϣܿĸںϣ˶걻ѹ̨˿̵˶ȫСȸƿˡ
Ƭ̵ĹǾƵĴžͱˣһӵĽŲӿ˹
ҳѾǬ˱֮нһЩ¾Ʋ˺ƿͷ˳ͷҺ˶ǰϣ֪ĻΪһȾء
һӴƷǹ˾ͳ˽ŲҪ
ǵ󣬸ǿѾѺŴҡ
ҺʮĬһһƿͷתͷװһ±ƵĿǿڵЩˡ
ǵ±ƵıװģӿЩ±ƵıȴޱʵǿҲһ±Ƶı飬ҿ﾿ʲô飿
һת۵Ĺôӣ
һȥʮϵƷǹָҺͱȸ˶
ƷеһˣϳɳǰҲһɻĿߡ
塭ҪɶҺѾһȶپƣ˴󶯸ɸɣһί˵
ӳǲǸˣǰǰһһϵƷС˵
ӳûǰĻǳǰһȻ˵Ⱥھٱ˵ϳǴƵ˷ǷнŹһӣ̾ӵģǵĹһ˰ɣ
վ΢Ц˵壬ǲǸˣǷнŹ˵˵ǾнŹ˭ˣ
ӳɫһ࣬Ȼ˶ЩȻ֮ǰʶ˶ģС䣬ʲôԼ˵˵ɣҪ£ǲŹһ˵ġ
ȸ˶Ц˵ûʲôҺСŸһȾأȻǾĪĴˣˡ
˻һڣӳɫˣС䣬ľȷûбǷнŹ򣿣
⻰Ѿ˵ĲֱˣǴ˶Ǳ˶˶һãȻ˵ûаһֱڸСŸȾأԼģҲû˴Ұ
ӳʱ²̨ˣɫҪѿжѿ
ʱұͼӴ׵˵λӳ϶˱پɣ̫ɺˣ˷ôྯԴλһˣһܹϢݣ͵ýץʮµģ˵ǲǣ
ӳ޺޵Ŀ˶һֲۣˣűֵǲ˱پǶҪһˣϵ顣
˵ţƷг˹һ֣æ˵Ѿˣ˱پǲץˣǽץʲô˼
ߣӳһ£˾ͳ߿첽
ʱҽֵӳȷҪǴߣȸϼȷһ£
ӳŲһ٣ͷңǰҲ߿˹ʲôˣӳĶС˵Щʲôӳæֻһ绰ȥ
ӳһͨ绰ͦıֱ˵ǡǣˣ
Ȼӳ˵绰˹ʱĿ࣬˵Բסλͬ־߸ˡ
˵գһ֣˵ˡ
Ȼ󣬸ǿͱ⿪˹
ЩҲȥҲ죬һ¾ûӰ
ӳ߳ſ֮ǰһһǱپ׽ù鰸ͷҲûء
ǿĿǰһУһֱһ±Ƶ״̬ǿ˿ңֿ˿˶ͷƤ˵үʲô
ҺٺһЦ˵ûǾ͵϶Ǿˡ
˵仰ſڴͻȻһˣ̧ͷһǰ۷˻첽ߵߣСʵСţʲô۶ӣһҾ֪׼û¶
壬¶ͱˣҲûɶ¶¶Ҳܲˣлл㡣
ǰ֪үүһЩģ岻֪үүǸɶģΪļ֪ܵ顣
Сӱ飬ҪʲôΪĹҿ϶ץ㡣ǰɫ
ģ㲻ȵһġ΢Ц


1107 ĵ
ǰҺ䣬žˡ
ҸճǻݺҪǰ˵óԸڴ˵ӡһͦõģһʮֱˣҿ϶Ҫء
ν˶֮͸ǿ˹׷ʲô飬Ϊɶ˶СôϣǲҶʲôֽţ
Ȼܸ˵˶ļ򣬺ٺЦɡ
ȸ˶Ӵһ飬ȱ֮Ʈ˳վҵǰ
ղžʲô˶ʵһȻҲ֪иС飬ʱŵЩ겻壬Ϊ˽⵽һ飬Ǿǰ˸ܹǵģʦҲС
ղȻϣ˶겢û뿪Ǹȹһ壬ֻȨ
ԣղŷҲȫ
ôһ־磬˶Сǳ׷ˣҲӳȥ뷨ֻЩսսĿҡ
ô𣿡һЦſ˶
˶ҡͷ˵硭ҡҲˡ
ٸʦ绰㣬϶ĻɾͱҲˡҹ˵
˶һ飬ΡΡĴֻٴθδһ绰ȥ
춼ˣ˶ĵ绰һȥֻͱͨˡ
˶Ƿŵ
绰һͨ˶ʹ˵ʦҰҪٲǿ϶ɱҵġ
绰ͷͽܾȻ˳ӣȻһղӳ޹飬Ȼ֪ˡ
ѹŷŭС䣬ù¶Ľӵ绰
ٴθʹһɫ⣬˶нӹ˵绰ղŷ飬ʱ˵˵ȻҲ壬ģ̫ôصˣǺڵİ׵ĶôУҪҪˣҸ㣬¶ҪǲԸӹ͵Ÿͽʬɡ
绰ͷĹƶѪˣĶݺݵ˵ģôҲһҲǣúúãȻ棬ǾͽȥϷ򿴿㵽жĵУ
˵գٴιҵ˵绰ڵǲ׼Ϊǡ
¶Ȼ£ΪصսǱ߶ţֻҪУʲô˵øһĹϵȻҲǲµģүӰæ
սĹְȻ󣬵صȴžصĵλ
ΪصһܲţǹҵһߣִеȫܶҪ
صȻ͵أȴһĲţϵĵλֻܵص߲쵼ƣκβźͻضǲκԼصȴжһлغͲŵұӣʱ֧Ԯصһж
ֻҪս巢һ仰Ǻܹõģս϶һ͸й¶߼쵼к˭˵ʹ
ƾαͨ죬Ҳսָɽ
æ˴ޣҿǶЩǸȥϢˣò˶ãαȻԼ
ΪҵϳǵйϵãЩ쵼ѡܱ˭еӲصϽ֮С
ĶûȥͶ֮УղѾ˴ɨˣҲʮָɾ
ڼҵɳϱĿУСȾĴˣ˶ȻɶҸɣʵʵضڵϡ
ԼСʱ֮󣬼ҵžͱˣӦһžͱˣǿ˽Щŵ˵СŸ磬ˣ϶ˣбƵģҪ飬ȥɡ
ӦһĹһۣСѾصǬ˱֮Уߵ˶ߣһĺϣСӸͲҷһƾͱ˹ȥӵ˵ϡ
ߣȥơ˵ţұϵϢŸһͨһ㣬˸ǿ󣬳Ŵ˹ȥ
ĴƵһ糿ûʲôģԲûжˣԶȴ
һŵʮ£һһ͹ͷˣͷģӬƶ棬ҲǴʮˣǸ͹ͷȱбǼƵϰģ߻վһˣһͷ


1108 Ŀ
ͷȥԼĪиʮ꣬ͷ߰ףһͷһɫװϴһ˫ǧ׵ĺڲЬ˫۾̫Ѩ߸߹һͲǸͨˡ
վĵߣңһڵģ˷緶
ʱڸ˵ʲôҩζʮ㣬˫ԾԾԣһʱҪսģ
ô̫صˣǰͰЩ͵˵ĹʮˣôĲ˳ʺȻ˸ģƻƵķˮôǶ
ģΪʲôöǶ࣬˵ƻˮ֤ϽұܸųҪȻҿɶ㲻ֱӽƵˣҲʾɤӺ
ôң־ͶһԣүĹȴϣˣӵɵԲ
ˣƤҺ͸ǿϢߵ󣬻Ⱥ֮Уǲôۣ˭ûнǵ¶
ۿǰͷһֱû˵۾
ҵĿɨһȦ֮ƺ۾߿˹
ͷǸ֣۾֮ǰѾһ࣬ûзҵĴڡ
ĺĲɿʱθɿһڷˣ˵ģû뵽СӻôϵͦӵģˣϷ򶼲ƽˣ㽫ͽܷˣϷ͵ʲô鶼ûзϷҲڶﶯʲôֽˣ㿴ɺã
οƷˣʵ϶һ¶˽ˣ϶ҪŷĶԸӹɵģˣɫ治֪үмֻۡ
ҲǸϽǰϳҲķˮȻҲǸˣεĻȫǺŪء
ҳһ£ᣬ¶ôˣûţҪүǸЩʧҪȻҲܷˣ
ģôǸҪүˣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҪӵǸûţĺٻڵ˵
ǹɣȥٺú룬ʲôʱͨٹҲǵʲá
۾һɣֵǺðȻ㲻ˣǾԼѣֵǣϣ
˵ţľȭͷϾ˹Ϸһִ̣һԴǿ϶ҪͷѪ
ˣҿɲĳëһΣǰ棬һ־ץסĵӣȻһֻҿ˲ĵϳƣϺͮͮģеѪһ˳ȻһƸɽţƷؿڣ䳯ײ˹ȥ
һĶһǳɣһӵĹ򣬽Ĵ±˲˵Ҳһ㶣Ӧͦ죬΢΢һһԶ˹ȥȻȥץĵĸ첲
ȴáһ죬ȴֻץסĵһֻӣɳź浹˳ȥһײˡ
һйȥʱ˺ܴãµЩ˶ʱûһٸҶˣЩֵĳ߿˹
ڶݵʧ֮󣬺ָܿƽĵİӣȻͷһ۱ҴĲͣڵʹģſҡ
˵ģֲôĵӣҸϷа壬ԭ˸ֹ
ֻһЦû˵
ʱֿңʵλСֵʲô·ֶβֻǿϧһЩȻֲֵ¡
΢΢һЦϻ˵ֱ⣬ĸͷһóһ¶˽ˣ㿴Σ
˵ͻȻЦʲôǳЦЦһ㣬òֹסЦŵˣղŵĻ㲻ڸϷЦɣϷ켣ֻ꣬ǮûǮǲǾеèı£ͿĿˣ
Ŀ˵㣬ҿҲеèı¶ѣͳҡײƭͷӣҿʹˣ͸ҪҶ֣Ȼʣ¼ġҵ˵
ÿСӣ֪ڸ˭˵𣿡۾һɣȻǻˡ
ﲻһޣصϹѣһ飬ղ˵Ļ㵽ղޱƽ˵


1109 Ǭ跨
õŭһʱĻû˸Ҷ˵
ƿСϷֽѵһ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡˵ţαߣӣƾҪҶ֡
ȴһһֵ
ΪˣȻһЦ˵Сӣ֪ˣǻ
ҪҲǣǵĳӣֻһ£ҪֿԣҪиͷɣӮΣأ΢Ц˵
һ㶣Ƭ̣ɨһۣƺҲûʲô֮ᣬǶôֶεˣʮˣҲжʮ꣬ôܻὫһ˷
ܿ죬˵ǺãȻҪͷϷ͸㣬ϷˣͰղ˵İ죬ĿͷлϷһһ򣬵ҪˣϷҪģֻһȣԺԶҪټ㣬Σ
ãɽһ֣λһƣΪԼ
һҪζ֣׷ȥټһռǱ˺ʶȤĹȥƵĴŸˡ
ҸθԺ
һƶȻǰ΢΢һ֣һʽһּ䣬ųһЩƵϢ
ΧЩͨ˵ܹǸеѹǶ꣬ɱĽ˵㲻ʲô
ҼĸֶˣŲϡ
һ̣Ҳһ֣˵ͷˣҲ۸㣬У㿴Σ
ζʱסˣһΣһ˫ȭͳϴ˹
ʽȷɽĹõһɽŹ湦ȭվȭ籼ףȳ磬ʽɽһпһУ಻һͽУȫҪȭӰܲ͸磬ʵһֲСѹ
Ҳû˿ţ˵СӵֶΣǰɽĶֳҶéɽԪȭ֮սֻز˵Ҫƥеġ
ʵһʼҾ̽ƥʵΪȻսȴ٣סľˣÿպóԺúȣƽҲ͸˿ˮ׼˶֣Ȼû꣬һֱûţľҪƴԼҲһս飬ǱΪʵõɱ˼
һҵͲƥˣŴ߶ٰ˲һ͵󣬻һƣͳĺ˹ȥ
ƥľԺܺãͻȻƾʧȥ֪ԭرĿһһ֣Ҳһƣߴ˹
ԣֻážһ죬վԭһνŲȴ˺üһ¾ײ˰̨֮ϣǰ̨ײĶŲǽǡ
Ϊ߳٣ΪõƵԵʣԽҵΪŴ౶
ƥôܿס
һƣζʱһ㶣ɫŭһͻȻŻֽǰһΣдʣҪʲôС
ɽֶһЩ˽ģΪıɽʦڷһϣɽʮֳܹԽéɽ
ǧ֣ҵǺܺͷӾҪʲôֶγ
Ҳûдƥ䣬ֻĬĬվ߰Զĵط
ĶǺܿ죬еŻֽһдһ޼Ǭ跨뷣
˵գֶֻֽͻȻ;ҵȼȼ֮ð̶ʱγǹŴսսĴ磬ףֳֳì˵ֱӾͳ˹
˵ͷЩ£ȻԻûֳ
ŴսͬʱͷҲˣһľһսм䣬һͬ˹
ǱҸˡ
üͷһֽǬ˱֮УֱӽͭǮ˳
ͭǮһóʱ磬Ʈɵҵͷ֮ϡ
˲䣬ͭǮ㷢ˡһ죬ֽ˼ʮöͭǮһŴս˹ȥ
һֻ˷ʬߣһεĴ߶ٰ˲һŴսߡ
еķʬĩ˵С΢΢һǹŴսϣǹŴսһΣʱһ֮ʬɴ


1110 ҽ
μ˲ѾóһսﻹһѺںĳӣΪʲô׾پͽսɵˣһ£ֳһּȷŭ־ֵɫһֱ֮ӽеľ˹
һգ۵ĹһһսѾͭǮɢЩͭǮ֧飬˲֮С
ۿεľĿޱȷŭı֪ȻҶɱġ
ʱңһЦĽһʮֵʱһεĴ߶ٰ˲˲ʧǰ
еľһ֮ϣϾģٰ˲ֶƾʧе޷йһգȻʱѾ󣬻һƣͳĺ˹ȥ
һƲǺأɵһϼһԲһƣֱҸˣˣһƵӵĹԣӷһֱײǰ̨Į֮̇ϣԴֱľʰ̨֮С
ǺӲԴ
УҲеλͷȴҵһԴǰ̨֮Уⶪ˿Ƕˡ
δĺһ£һ㳡ʱһţżһƳǸǿҲǳصģЩ˵ǰǰһ
Դǰ̨Σƨɻζ˺һǽԴǿ˳ѪһƬҲγ˺ܶ˿ڣһԴγеĽѾָؿڡ
ܣȴ䣬һ΢΢ͦţ㵽˭
ȱżʣ㽫ĺ˶йɡ˵еĽǰһ׼ĿѣʱɫʮȻûڸ˵Ц
ҵѹ̫ˣ˿ɱҲ練ơ
еİв֮¶ʱΪУʱ˪һѣľи㽫ĵ˶к˹
һǿҲ˹ǶΧм䡣
˶ˣ˵ģˣʲô˵𣿡
οһۣЩʣĿɱ˵Ľ֮ϣһŵˣûɶ˵ģԸķˡ
үܾ䰡ʲôʱԹĿĻЩ˵
ұ죡ζʱеŭйĵϣӶˡ
죬ƺ˵Щʲôһ־һƣȵĹڵء
ô˵ô˵ķݶ𣿡ҵһӣǲѪĵ
ҲˣҲˣ͸ǿľ棬ȻʮֽҲʮ̹
λСֵܣĳ˾ˣͰղ˵İ죬Һһ⳥һ򡣡εĿڻһЩ
𣿡ʵ
ģŸɶүͷл˵
İҼƣֱһٺǳ⣬ȻܲԸȴǹǰ˵үԲסˡã˼ңдһذɣҸͷˡ
˵ţġˡͷ
Сʶ࣬ԺٸҸүԣ»ؾʹĹȣʱƲŴ˵
ɱ˲ͷأһθǿͷ뻹ˣϾһˣ˵˲ǺܺãôҲø˼΢Ӳǡ
Ҷˣһ֣ջĴȻԸ˸ǿһ˶Ǽ˳˵ϡ
ǴߣǮһҪλ㵢˼Ҽµ⣬үʧƱ࣬ҪǮǱˡҵ
ģĴӦ϶ᷴڵġε
⻹үǣԺͲҪˣ´ΣҶɲôˡв
һͣѵĸƵģɫܲãԥͻȻһ֣ʵλС˭˭ţպҲ֪һ·Ӣۺú
Цһ˵ôţǲǻұţ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ҡ
ˣҲ޷ҪұҲʱݣҪұҪ۵ģһ䣬֪˭ЦſΡ
ҲֱĿң֣صĵ˵ͷ
ҽһһٵ˵


1111 
ſ˵Լ֣εɫʱһƬҰףŲһģ˼Щ˵ϣǸ˹һ㡣
㡭㡭ǵ񽭺Ϸͷʢɱ
ν˵꣬һһץסεĸ첲һƫƧĵط˹ȥһһ˵ǽһ˵
Ҵ˸ղڵǼң˶ûиҸ
ʱѾ࣬ҰڲҲ֪ǲҵͷŵġ
ʱֻˣκݺݵһĭұһ룬ٴȷϵ㡭ǽŵǸɱħ
㿴𣿡Цʵ
񡭡ԽԽ˵ôôı£ԭ˵
֮Խطǵ̸͸ǿҵ飬˽Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪ҵ̫཭ţǺܲ
˵ʵ⼸꣬ڽ֮Ҳͷǽ³һص飬նɱʬֺħڽ֮϶Īĺ䶯һѩ飬ǽ˷˼֮ϣҲǴˣ֪ܲ
ҰݣǸʩĪѹԺٶʲôӡ
һδɫߵɳϣ˵ɡ
ԥһ£սս
֪˭֮үӸ̧ͷһֶۣ֪ʲôطˡ
Ҹɿһ˵ϣӦ֪һЩ飬һǼ𣬷ʲôҸɣѣôȻԹۣ˵ǲأ
̧ͷһۣصĵͷү塭˵ǡͷڽ֮Ͽν˲֪˲ˣ˵³зֶЩڣһɱ˺üˡϵ˱һɱħڻţû뵽Ϸײھүϣǻ۲ʶ̩ɽȻүˣһķԸԺҲƵˡ
û뵽ôȻһϳǻķˮļһһӣϻʮŰ裬Ŀ˵ӡҵ̫ˣɱħһ׵ĺܣҪһصĵ׵ʲô鲻Ҹɣ
ƴϵƾʵζҵĶ֡
ȻҲѹˣ۴һƣž͵øһԡ
ϾսҲ˵β򵥣ϵܸӣҲʶһЩصĸ߲㣬Ҳ뽫ˣʡԺں°ӡ
˳ĬһֵɽʦĴˣ֪λǰĺˣ
һ¶ε϶ʱֳһûɵĽɫ˵Ϸʮʱʦ˿Уɽѧգʦǵɽƽ̻˵ʦܣ֪ү˵ûУ
Ȼ˵ˣԭǻ˵ĵӣղŶеʧʧһ֣Ծ˵
үĪҪ˵ϷʧǣҪ֪ǾүѣǸİ˸ӣҲԣҪ˵¶ҲĳĲԣֱˣİٰ˴Щմ״ʣһʱĥӣ飬þүЦˡ
ҲǸϻͷȴеζѵĵϣҪǿĵǮƣĻ飬ףϼһƷ̫ˡ
룬ϲûбֳ˰֣˵Ҳǲʶ˵ԺܳΪѣʵҸɽҲһЩԨԴǰЩʱգ˲սһͬɱУ˲СձȸգԵȥɽݷһǰ
£ζʱЩסˣЩ˵ĳҲ˵˵ǰЩʱյɽսһȺСձ֣һŻҪǾү֣˵õʱһ־Сձǹ֮£ʦүҲӽѣ¶ĳöлүһ
˵ţվҹһæסСǺ󱲣ҳϵĴԽ˵ԽףûģԺǾˣӦǡ
ǿ϶ѣݰӶɣܹүϽ飬ĳ˵ңھͰݰӰɣԸͬͬͬԸͬͬͬ
ȥүġѾĶʮˣң


1112 ֮
ݰӵǾˣϼһҵ࣬ҿɲֵܡ
Ǻ˼䣬һͬǼ˳һ߻һ˵Цŵʱı˴ǫһ
ղŻһˣһĹͺõĸһӳƵģʱô｣ŵһȺĿɿڴһı鶼ʮ±ơ
γ֮ʮѵһѵĸƵģһ仰˵
αҹָǣĺ뿪˴˴˶ҲǸˡ
ˣͻһԲľš
ȶԷ˶֮͸ǿʱΧ˴Ĵָ˷ܵ˵ү̫ţˣղŵ׸϶˵ɶʱôģ
ڴ£Ȼ˵˵˼䣬˵ԺûúɣǸĵļһ϶ٵˡ
͸ǿʮָˣΪף쿪ʤǼ˺ȶٴơ
æô죬һֱûкúóԶٷȷʵҲףһ¡
ĴƵǼ˳ԺڼѯһΣʲôֶʰ˷ҲҲ˻⡣
ѯʶұ֮ܿ㲻ʣСҲǸ˾ԹɫıҲС
Ҳ˵ҲΪǺãϾҵ֪̫ԽΣա
ҪҸڵԼҾƵҲʹˣҲ֪ʲô˶ֽš
˵ķ̫ˣ֪˵ǼǱϴҲķţҲóι
ţһΣξԲٶôˣϾɱħڻŰǼˣǿʲô鶼Ҹɵģ϶ô롣
ȻǲɱͷҲǺܲġ
ԵһʱͻȻһţ˵ĵˡ
һ⻰Ǽ˶һ㶡
ʱðŭôģСӻǻҹ
˶ˣǸ˵һ
Ȱ䣬Ҫ˵˼Ҳ鷳ģ룬ĵǸ˽ӡ
Ǹ˶ʮ꣬һսսģһܴĺɫаһүҽǵġ
˵ţǼһͽǺɫĴаǵǰ
ڵ֮Сӳǵ˵ͷֵλ磬ûʲô¶Ҿˡ
˵ţСҲƵ뿪
֮Ǽ˾Ϳ˷ڵϵǸǿ˵СӲǱǸƼ˰ɣֱӷһըҩ棬뽫ǸһѶˡ
Ǹ𣿡˵ţߵаԱߣˣһŷְһĳƱװһ
ʱҲҸƴ֮ǰԼһ֮󣬱Ҫĸͷл֮⣬Ҫκһ⳥һľʧ
ֻǺҸ̸£ˣ˴˿ͿԹԣϿ϶ȥ
ҪĽֻСӵͷϸˣʲôǮǮģҺûнϡ
ĻǽǮ͹ˣⶼ϶
Ȼε˼Ҳ϶ĳġ
ֿܣһҪʾãύϵ
ڶֱǴĻһʼʾĵˮ©취ǡ
һ֣Ǯǰˡ
һЩ֮ƣʾЩǮȫˣ˵Ҫҳæ˵Ǯˣ϶Ҫҵɡ
һգһǼȻˣֱӰǮˣֻ60Ķ
뽫ʣµǮȫǿϾΪҵĹϵԵʣҲŴæģǶִһԼˡ
ʵһֱȱǮǬ˱Ҳи򣬻һֱûóĴ
Ϸʡ򹤵ʱͻȻôǮǸ˻˲ɣ˵Ǹ֡Դ֮󣬶ǮЩľͿĺܵˣñãʳסвΪ㹻ˡ
ȹ˾ƣҶһ˱ص˼ͻȻѦСߺһȴҲ֪ˣܼӵƺЩûУȥ


1113 ɲŮò
ڴɫѾˣֱӻص˼ú˯һ
ڶһ磬ұʰһԼŴŪԽҰ˺Ҷȡ
ͣںҶȵķ羰Աߣһ˻λƵľͳѦСסǸ˹ȥ
֮ǰҲûѦСߴ绰ҲţһĸܵȽϣҽߣȥȷѪܼӾѦҩ֮Уӳǽһˮ飬ƯĲҪҪģѦС߱ԵߵСóȥ
˵ѦС߱ϾǸҽߣܸһ˻ҲӣȷѪĽʺӦôҩ֮βˣĹޡ
һλƵߵѦСסǸСʱͻȻһ飬ҵȥѦλүӵķػֱȥѦС߼ҵҩ
ԥһʱȥôãܼӻһЩǷҲ˵
ֱӳѦҩ˹ȥ
Ѧҩ̽쵹ʮ壬߽ȥʱԺûʲôˣǰԺһȦͻȻԺ˵һǸεεŮ˵
ҵĺ棬ŵĳźԺ˹ȥ
˺Ժʱ򣬶ʱһĻĳˡ
һһɫȹ崿Ůһ֮ϣ̧һֻ۵ֱۣסһֻǶ䣬þµСǶ仨΢΢۾΢΢ģʮ
ŮͰڻ֮Уů͵ϣƺһʥĹâ
Ů̫ˡ
ΧЩȶЩȻʧɫ
ŮѦС߾վճյĿǸŮһĳ
ɲŮò䡣
Ҹ˼ȥóȻţ´õһ档
ʱܼͻȻڵС߸硭⻨㰡ֵ𣿡
һڱݺ鶯ˣֲһ֡
ӣЩ˿ɲ͵ģ԰ÿһ仨βҩ⻨Ҳˬÿ궼ҪһЩЩҲ򵽡
ڣѦСһ£ջ˿ЩȵĿ⣬渵
ֲЩÿĻҶûмԭС߸˽صģǶʲô֣΢Цʵ
ѦС֣ĵָǻĻ˵⻨Ѫž飬Ǹ򡭡Ǹ⡭
żЩҵ˺֮С߸ܸһЩЩԼҲһЩЩС˵
Ȼ԰Ҫұ٣ǰҪѦСһº͵˵
ллС߸磬һܿġ
һĻڳסˣǱ˷͵ǽǣжΣԼ߳ĺá
ŪĶʱǶˣ׷׳߿
ɶӣҪϲЩĻôѾֱӼ޵ѦȻ궼˸ֻҪʡ¶һЩһߣһ߳ѦС߼üŪۡ
⻰һ˵ѦС߶ʱһһǹĸоЩߵһͨ죬ӵѾͷȴ¶ĺܣߵĺһСŸ硣
ҵ˵ͷӣЩûУ
ллСŸģöˡһ˫ˮĴ۾ңϵһĨߺ컹ûɢȥƤǹġ
ҿ˵Ӷͦÿŵģԭȫƭ˵ġ
ѦСΪ˻ʱΣҼϴһȭЦСȥˣôҲ˵
һֱҪģ´ĳЩ̸˵˼ɺޣԲһֱѵڵġҼЦ˵
ʱѾߵ̧ͷˣֱӽԴתһ飬ѦСһסҵļתͷӣһһȥҩ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷٳ߶࿴һۡ
ѦСһ·ǰԺһ·֮ϣҸоɤˡ
һվѦС߱ԹСߣԺܲܲҪ˵˵ǰעһ㽫ŵģ˵ˡ
ϡһһӽеģһУôڷչʲôزˣû׸СɶģҼЦʵ
Ų㣡ѦС߱˵߳ŭſ˫־ͳҲ˹׾ٵĶ˹ȥ
ֵܶһ˸طɫˣһСأ


1114 
һϹǰߣ֪ܼǶôǮ˼ҵĲҵڱķˮڹҲɫϳǣҲܼҵĲҵһܼҲҵδļ̳ˣæĺܣӻָĲ֮󣬱ȥǼҵˣ֮ǰһǮ˵ǸӵҽҩѣҰѵһ٣ֽǮ˻ȥСӹӦþˣôţ¶
ʲô¶ôһʣС̯ϴ¶ˡ΢Ц˵
ɶ˼ѦСɻ
ⶼ쵱ܼҵŮˣԺȻɻڴ˵ǲ̯ϴ¶ˣҹЦ
СС˺죡ѦС˵ţٴγ˹
Ұ˰֣ĵ˺ˣҲ˵˻ɣ
ѦСŰ֣һֵͣС߸磬˵ģɱըëӵ׷չôˣʲôʱǵϲƣҲϴСˡ
ѦС˵һۣſҪȻȴһɫ˵˵ɶֲʲô˵飬ҿӶҲ˼ǲǣ
һ˵ѦС̾ϢһЩ˵Сţ¶ԺͲҪˣҺӸͲܣ˼ܼҼҴҵֺܺãôῴӣ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
ѦС˵ϵЦʧˣĿڲʹһ£ѦСߵ½ΪɵģΪԱ׷ܼӣҵ̫ˣѾŬǻƤ棬ǵһüĿûС
ֻ֮һϣҲǷѦҵ̫ˣѦСߵΪҲŷϵġ
ҳĬɫҲ
ѦСƺҵĲ죬˵Сţɱ룬ȸûϵ˵˲ҸȥģҷҪȥ㾳أȫΪԼԵʣû˿ϵ
תͷһѦСߣɫС߸磬ҲҪ룬ԼϲŮ˾ȥ׷˿һӵ飬ڵģüƽʲôʲôģܼȻǮʲôѦڹڵĵλҲ쵱ģֻҪҪ׬ǮǮѩһƮǼֻѦҲˡҵģ׼ֻ׷иʱҲͦԱģΪ˵Ĳ̫󣬽˺ܶ࣬ҵʱ¸һ˵ںӶˡûҩġ
ѦС̾ϢһĬﲻ֪Щʲô
һʱЩҺܿͲ˻⣬ûмСӣϳʱûжˣҲ֪
ѦСȴ˵ǰʱǸһ绰˵һֱչһûѴĲϸǶ
һչҵԺǸЩˣҲҪһˣ֪չʲôزлһ԰ţҵͦĵġ
չСӺϳǣֻһֱԵüлӦԼ۾ۣҲ֪ϲϵˣǻǰʱɽǼһ档
ָѦСһһѦС˵ҵǸԵĽҩ֮Ļָĺܿ죬ڷ֮дһʱ֮λүӱÿҩЩ鶼ѦСߵϣѦСȻֵ
ѦСȻ˼һֱչмӣȴļ¶ӦҲĳҲղ׼ôģƺ˭һ㣬Ϳ󷽡
һ֮ѦˣѦ£һټҳ㷹뿪
ȥݻһѦλүأ뻹ˣλ˼ϲ徲óȻţЩס
ҿϳǵ;УͻȻӵһ绰һİĵ绰룬ΪڽǱߴģжʱһϲæͨˡ
绰һͨҲŷָڵˣǻиҴġ
һ𼱻ǵ˵Сţأȥˣ˵ȥˣǼˡ
еЩ̫ԾұôˣƵġ
лżĲУ˵ҸϽؼң绰˵¶ͦżģҪҰæС
Ҹ˵Ҿڻؼҵ;УڵȰСʱ͵ˣԵƬ̡
󣬻о͹ҵ˵绰ҽӿķɿ죬ûϰСʱ㵽Ұ迪ǼС̵ſڣԶľͿվС̵ſȥһǾӡ
һҵĳͿ첽˹һ˳ţˣߣüëˣ


1115 Ѫ
һƵӣüͷʵɶ¶ܲȸ֪һҺһ׼
³·˵Ĵ¶м
ֱҵĳҿųȥǸһЩƵ
ȴ˰֣˵¶ܿȥ׾ͱ¶ݣǲⲻܿƤװһ£ϳ˭Сӡ
˵ҽŽɵ˳ӾͣҰСſڣϴһкŻп첽һȥ
ҴӻѦСǼһʱɫѾˣɫȻڡ
һߣһЩæĸҽ͵Сţ¶ɴȥˣЩʱգһֱչСһ飬ǰ죬һɽ̨ɽһˣһ֮󣬰չʹһһѪ̵а̣Ѫ̵ۼһ֣ʰչСأҪȥչɡ
Ѫ̣ʲô֮ǰôû˵Ƶ
û˵һصˮȣЩ飬Ѫһص࣬ѹ˼ҵĹѪڣѪ̵ĽѪ滹ţһټʮˣүͬһĸ֣ǱүôһҲʮֲֿˣ˵չһֲļһл·𣿡Щܻ˵
ҿչСͦͰһң͸Ҹа̶ԿǲˣҹûпСţȰ̾
СǲҲͦã̫ùһЩٻиүүڷţүүǰ͸һ飬ԼŰ죬һʱ䣬Сӽ٣ȷ˹Ŀ࿴οɲܾСӹҵˣ˺ܲģֵýѣȥ͵˼ҵļˡһ߿һ˵
һ£ͻȻЩףֵѽ԰Ȼ˵ѪôҸүΪȥҲҪǽмֹȥһġֵ
ʱˣֻǸ˵˵ѪжǶԸչѪĸָͲ֣ܳɱõţɳѪ̵ļֳȥܹƽİɣչѾǸˣһǾֻܸչʬˣ
˵ţߵһ·ϣ˳һ⳵˿ٵ˳
ʦȥϹ¯ż
Ϲ¯ǻɽҰصģˣɲߡ˾
ôˣҸǮˡдߴٵ
ϣ˾Ӧһ˳ӡ
Һͻڳ֮󣬱һ仰Ҳûж˵еıʮȻʮżһֿ̲ݻĵز
ʻ˰Сʱ֮ϳһƬǨб˾ͣ˳ӣǮ
Ҳ˳һܣĴһƬܶϷӶĲˣƵǵˣ
ûУǰһξ룬ҽǴƤߵģѪ̵ʮаԣرǳǲܱ¶ݣȡЩ鷳ǡεǽչȳͺãûҪĵס
˵ôоʹһƾɵ񷿵УߴҽƤ߸˳ԻһװʰĲˣʵչСôΧϹ¯ˣ
Ѫ̵˽һѸˣѽжģչǷСвչһȥҪȻͽǶɱˣЩѪ̵ļһһزôһصءʰһ·ҿ첽˳
˳֮ǰأܿͿеϹ¯ڽһƬҰ֮С
Ϲ¯ǰǸʮֻԻͣϰ˶ͦӣʱķչܶҵɲȥˣϹ¯ڶʮǰѾˣܻĲݴһƬû˵ٵľ
ҺͻϢ˹ȥǽǵʱ򣬾Ϲ¯Ժﴫһ򶷵죬мȮ͵ʮڡ
гҿһۣһΣſԺǽ֮ϣҽҲԺǽ
ſԺǽ֮Ŀⲻı㱻Ժľ˹ȥ
ԺмһܸߵϵĶվһˣֻһұϳСӲǰչ
ֻڵŲãѪ߰ߡ


1116 չͦס
չˣ¾սء
м˲ͣŸʽУĽţеıõӶ졣
ӵˣ֮⣬мͷԼ޵ʬ塣
Щ޿Щ죬ܾú
ЩǲᣬֱȲȦ۾Ѫ죬Ȯʮ׶
͵ʮֵͳž͹˵ġ
չһѻıѪɫƣһǸ˲÷ϵĻűɱЩ˹ȥĺˡ
ЩһǱδ󺺣ֶʮֲҪǰչռƣͱ⼸˸ɱˡ
ҵĿٴοǵϲͣ͵ޣʻеϻЩʲôźӡ
ǶʬѪаרųⳤģ˾ˣʮͣצӺݶжһУж׵ģܿͻֵ˿Ȯ֢״иҽ͵
Щޣһܿ˵üĿ³зֶʱΆƭһɽſڣ˵Ҫǳȥһ򿪣Щ
¶ȥüˣһǣȻ
ѵѪ̸һصܳʲôϵ
¶ʱͻȻ䣬һҽ𣬽ҵĿٴ档
չһȻһϣǺһҽֱӴϵ͸ˤˣȻڴʱչͻȻ˿һֱŰչȥ
һã˼öͭǮ˵ϴȥͭǮǺ˿չĴ󵶣áһ죬Ǻ˵ĳӦϡ
չȴֱ˸˴һ£ֱӴϵ
ãչͦסˣǿϣкһһΣԺǽЩ˶ȥһоͽϽ𲧸˳Ͻ𲧶ʱâʢಡһֱŰչһ˴˹ȥ
Ͻ𲧽ʵʵĴǺ˵ϣǺһƺߣֱӱϽײ߰ףڵϾҲû
չ֮һֻ۵ʬŰչ˹ȥ
չûе汳ģֱʬϡ
ֻýͷѵ죬ʬչһţ֫棬Ӷ˳̫ˡ
Ȱչʱ⼸ֻʬֳŰչ˹ȥ
һ߿񱼣һߴ˼öͭǮЩչʬ˹ȥ
Щʬ׷׷һĲҺ˵ϡ
ôԶҵͭǮû̫׼ͷûдЩʬҪЩʬҲƤ񣬹˵֮󣬺ܿ
ҺͻеĵðչѪ̵˶һ㶣֪ʲô·
ҺͻжƤأ˭ϲ
չôĻаֹˣŲͽǸѸɱˣһ˵
չվסǰѳͷһۣҲʮãҡͷǲҽģûн˹
ǿɹܲôֱ࣬Ӿ͸ͦŷɱȺ֮УеĽһ㽫һ˸˵ϡ
չߣǸ㶥šͻȻ
ôһڣǰչ׹ˣЩԾ˵Уôˡ
߰īٴδߴٵ
һߣѱǸˡչֵ
ͿȥˣվˡоŽħƣͷһ۰չ
Ž꣬ͷҲ˰չһۣСѪ߰ߣƵǺأҿʱҲңԲʶ
ȻϲҴƤء
չûīǰѱǸмĵ˵ͷת첽ųﱼ˹ȥ
߶ΪҳһҵʱȲ
һȾƵʱҵ˵չ̥ʱ򣬱㱻үүֽţһĲҩҲ˵˼Ұչ̥Ϳʼˣһ٣ǳܱȵġ
Ȱչ֮Щ˲ûȥ׷ֱӽǸΧˣΧ߰ͷ۵ʬ
Ǻ֮վһдָǵʲôˣ
̸ȣֱӿˣīƨһԲϾͿеϽ𲧱һģˡһ죬ͳ˵˹ȥ߶콣еɨǧǰһ˺ɨ˹ȥ


1117 Ŀֻһ
ΧߵĺʮΧ߰ͷƵʬչȥƳֵ֮ǰЩ־ֻҸӦ
˵ʵҲЩµģͿ⻹ͷһء
ǻнйԮֵģ֮ǰҸչЩ飬ܻǴ򲻿ɡ
Ϊ˲˷ʱ䣬ǸͲЩѪ̵ļһϻиֱӣһͽϽ𲧳ͷ˹ȥ
Ҳ˽꣬һɨǧͳǰЩ˺ɨ˹ȥ
еϽ𲧱Ǵͷһ˳ȥһɨǧҲǰǼеĳˣǼҲĵȥԶ
վ֮ҸԷǼ˶һ㶡
ֻǼ򵥵̽һУұԶ϶ǰ⼸Ѫ̵һǼõģÿһƶһصһֶʹΪ
Ѫ̵޷һصᲢۣϾһûа̡
ԱϣȴǸǿǰʮˣΪܲչһܼôã̫ˡ
ڶݵ֮̽ЩѪ̵ĺһкٴγ˹ʹЩʬҲһͬͶ
ҪȺŹĽࡣ
ˣҪĻսУ϶ֲʲôˣһס˻еĸ첲ߣ
еҲ׼ʲô£ҿٵĴ߶ٰ˲һ˲ΧȺ˵
ѳΧ֮ȺŸʽеѪ̵ļһﻹųǸղڵǸأܿǾ±ˡ
Ҳȥˣ
һĹִǬ˱֮нͭǮ˳һӾ׵֮ϣͭǮֳһźâ󡰻һͷֽ˼ʮöͭǮ
ͭǮŪĶЩѪ̵˷׷תͷ߿
ǿֽɼʮöͭǮͭǮʱ򣬶ʱ˾һɽ
ɽүӡ
ţ߶˱ͭǮɢ俪ͭǮʱֳָһɫҫ۵ĹâͭǮַ˳ʮѪ̵˺ʬȥ
ˣ
һͭǮ̣Ѫ֮бһ˾ֵĴһ˷׷׺ˣЩηʬȫǰ棬
ʮöͭǮЯżٵͭǮȻЩʬк˹ȥ
ǳѪȲңֻ߰ʬʱ񱻺üͦǹɨһ㣬һͭǮķ𣬲Һÿһʬ϶˼ʮͭǮ˴СС֪ٸѪһȫѪ֮УĶʮ͸
һй󣬽ЩѪ̵˶ɵˣǲûмЩ˲˼
һ֣㽫ɢڸͭǮ»ͭǮҵУгŸղŰչȥǼƳȥ
ĿĲҪЩѪ̵˽ģĿֻһǾǽչѽȳȥ
չȥһˣҲ̫ƽ
ǰʮΪȻҺͻĽȫɱˣȴҪķһۣ¾ߴˣչǱֳ飬һе֮󣬾ͳƳȥ
ʮѪ̵Ҳһͬ׷˹
ߵǣҺͻбƳ֮ȴʮƵһĻ
չСӿ˰㣬Ƴ֮Ҳ˲Ѫ̵ĸ֣˿̵İչλƬ˲ϡ
չһЩȻˣȴǺأλȴ˴ͷһ㣬ģˡ
һȥǸŵڰչϵĺӱķ£ҪȻӾͽչСӸˣ
˵ʮҲ׷ǸΧסΧм䡣
пһֿۣ˰չһۣͻȻٺһЦ˵ɵȱɵزǣǷ·ҪǸҵ
ֻҪ־ܣұ֤ɱǣ·ҪȻӿ涯ˣǺٴ˵
Ȼһı飬ιôв˭أչСɮûκιϵɱɱСɮƨ¶Сɮǹִܵģͼһֶ
˵̹Ȼ⻰ЩѪ̵˿϶ţǼһĺ˵ǺãȻǲСӵ¶Ҿɱѣ˰չٽСӸɱˣ


1118 һɱȥ
˵գǺӸԱߵһʹһɫ˶˵;һѳ׼˰չѶСӱҾͲ˵ˣһóסͣζԶŵһ˵ԼϾҪԴʱŵĻɪɪȴһҲҶ
һҺͻжЩ㶣֪ΰˡ
ܿҾһ⣬ʹһɫһʱ䡣
»⣬ҪſڣһԵİչͻȻɫס֣
Ǻӹͣ˰չչͻȻһɫǷ⼸ѣǵʦɱģûκιϵʲô¶ҪɱҪϤ㣡
ŵڰչϵǸӾͽкЦһ˵֪ˣʲôȥˣ
ֽҺͻеϣŭûУ˵һΣϿ콫£־ܣҪȻɱ˰չ
˵ţǺͽŰչĲӸһЩǵ滮ڰչĲϣʱһϸСĿӣѪ˳ŵл
˵ںʵﻹͦչİΣģһ֣˵ȵȡ̸Σ
Ǻһ㶣ʵڶǵʲô̸
ⲻǻûǺĲЦ˵
˵˵ɡЩ˵
ҵһڳʺͻȻЦһ
ͬʱǺͻȻһѪɫѪɫǱģҸղϢĹͨһֱǬ˱еСȣȥסСò
ͻȻ˵֪ԼˣˣʱŭɶҪʱСȻѪɫ͵һ´Ӻײ˺
һƬ̣۾ʱһ£ָܿҵƤһЦҾ֪Сȸɹˡ
ʱСȸĸϣܻҪһʱǵϣ˵ʶǿѹ̨֮С
Сȵĵͻͽֻһ˲Ĺռ˺Ȩ
ͻȻıʣΧ˲ûзȸĺ۾ͻȻ˿סǸӣԤϵľͳһֱӽǺŵֱ۸ն
ǺӷһЪϢĲҽУŵֱ۵˵ϣѪ罦ĵǡ
ʧʧ
°չͶȫˡ
һ̧֣ǰһָ˲һɫĹǽĽ⴦籡ֱǱնһֱ۵ĺӵؿڣǺӵؿڶʱǵɫĹһȭͷСĿ˽Ҳ˳ȥʬ
ڴȥһͬʱҺͻз׷׿첽ǰͰչϵӶնˡ
һԭſںƳһȺ˶Ǳ㳯Χ
һ£жǶ˽Ǽ˸м䣬лһʲôĶ
Ҫ治ʲô׵顣
Щ˿ɶдеģһصִӸ޳һ㣬Ϊβ룬кܶͨˣЩ˶Ѫĳһ˵ͽܣ˵ҲһͽˣһŪ˼ʮͽܣߵǣǵʦչСӸɱˡ
֮ԹҰչѰ𣬱ԭ
ߵɱʦɱ֮𣬲죬˼Ҳ˭
Щ˳ɱʱҳǰһۣǽǵŲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ҪųȥҪɱһѪ·С
Сףܳŵסһɱȥɺãʵ
û⣡ɱɣչ׺һ̧֣ǰѳٴοһְۣչеѽǲ򵥣ȫķģһעЩľǻɢһȵĴ֮
չͻȻִһŻֽ͵һǰѱ֮ϣǽ֮˲һޱȵĺɫ档
䡱һ죬һ
ҿ⽣԰
չһȥҺͻҲ׷׳֡
г˼Ͻ֮⣬ǽǽħƸ˳ǽеĽ꼤˳ʩչ콣еĽߵкǽ귢һ֮ʱһɫĽӰɱΧ֮У˲Ͳסºӣٴνͬǽ˳ɱս֮С
Ǽ˷׷׼ɱеʱһⶣһ¸ںϵȣһҪչ˺ðչǸѣڵֶΣһŵùġ


1119 ͷ
һΪѪȵĻս
ЩѪ̵ĸǰҲ˿֣ͭǮɱΧ֮УϵĴ߶ٰ˲ֶΣշתȺ֮Уܹ䲻⣬˶Է
ҸǾþɳֱ֣ΧĳİȻմǻܹǿӦ
ǰչеӻЩ˵ԵʣܵѹƣΪ̵ĻеǰðڻıÿӶһ£ǻ˲䱩ǣһʱޱȣ˿ڸƺΧĿȼˡ
ٲά֮УչǻһѪ̵ļһ˱չгĻϯ˲ͱˣܣ˷ĲҽУֻ˼ӣԵ˵ϣһŽ̿
ҸоչеĳĻӦʮְԵĴ֮ҪȻҲҡ
ⷨ׺ĳ̶ȣ϶ʦڳˡ
սӵĹ⾰Էͱնɱ߰˸ˣʣµЩɺηӿ
ЩȻֶζǸҺͻȣһĲࡣ
ٰ˲ֶΣûڻкͰչΣ֮ʣͻȻǵߣӱ͵Ϯÿÿ֣ܵöԷЩͷö
ȥԷƲʮӣͻᱻȫĸɾ
ͻȻ䣬һӴʦ֣סˣϽŴаɣ
ǿ˵Ĵʦһʮĺӣ˵ΪߵһҶСǸʦֵĺͻȻ˳ս֣һ˼־ҧָԼüĴһŹֵѪ˲䣬˼һĻˡ
ǴʦζȻ䱩ǣ׶ߣҦ߳һͷθǿ֣ϵ·ȫˣϻ˳ĺëΪɲǣǴʦֵԴһ˶ĹԴ˫۹Ĺģ֫Ҳȫ˷צӣųָףֱһͷվʬһǷŴġ
Ǵʦֿٵı֮һԾͳ˹ٶ̫ˣֻһȷ棬ǱΪ޵Ĵʦ־͵ҵĽǰצӣͳҵĲץ˹
һ㶣ЩһצӸ˸ţΣ֮ʣҺܿʹ߶ٰ˲ֶΣ˲תƵǼһĺ棬еͭǮĳϴ˹ȥ
һ̹ȥҵ־һһһ´̴Ǳ޵ļһ󱳵ͭǮֻ˼׵ľ룬޷
꣬һ֮󣬻нĹܣ
һ䣬ǱĴʦֻ־ͳҴ˹ٶ̫ˣҸзκζ㱻ǱĴʦһ첲ҷ˳ȥ
о͸ײһƵģҵڿնһ棬ײĺӶΣ۵죬ؿѪӿ
ȻҴǱļһֿ첽˹﷢һҰƵƺ
̫ˣ֮ǰû
չСǵҲֲ̫ˡ
ۿǱĹٴγ嵽ҵߣæһ߶ٰ˲Ǳʦֵ󣬴éɽ壬ٵо䣬éɽ巢һö죬ǰɱǼѪ̵˵ʬڵأԶ
ɲǼĹЩʬһӵϵϳ˳ĺëзָ׺
⽩ʬ˿һ±߰˸һǰëʬʱһ֮
ۿǱĴʦٴγ˹ֻéɽٿ߰ëʬҵǰȥԸǱĴʦ֡
ҵҪĴʦŪİëʬ
Ƭ֮Ҿ֪˽
Ǳ֮ĴʦֱӾͳһֱײС̹ˣһͽӭ泯ȥëʬײ˹ȥ
Ҳϡ
ëʬȻײķֱ˳еķϾɻ棬ˡۡľ죬涼һ
ȻǱĴʦֽŲδͣЪɳ˹
ʱǱĴʦֵǰͻȻֵסһ߰ëʬſ˷ָףͳűĴʦֵؿڴ˹ȥ
ǱĴʦһѾץס˰ëʬ첲һֻצסǰëʬĲӣͻȻһ޺𣬵áһ죬ǰëʬĸ첲ĸ
Ҫ֪ʬǼӲǹģ֮Ĵʦǵжܹëʬ˺ˡ
ѪȵһĻҲһ꣬⻹
ӿɲǣڻսУϵѪ̵˷˳ȥǴʦһ㣬ʩչͬһ̶˹ͷĹ


1120 캰ʦ
ӦѪռˣһ˹ͷӴޣ֮ʵǿʱĪѹ
ԭһ߻ռϷ磬һͷĹֺ֣ܿ촦һּ˵ơ
΢Ƭ֮󣬺ܿվ𣬽ͭǮջǬ˱֮УȻһ֣ٻҵС
ּսǻսͭǮʧȥԶ빥ǿɱ˵ԼĶѡ
սܹشĻǽΪӦ֡
һ֣У
еʱһϤĸоȻҸܵǽ֮еĽ̺Ӵӡ꣬ʱ˿̵ĵ
ҽոŪéɽٿİëʬȫȥΧǸɹĴʦ֣Žٰ꣬˲ֶοٵЩûüѪ̵ߣеĽ֮䣬һնɱˣҪǵ
ԭЩˣҺͻжû̫ϾҲǼˣԽԽѪ̵˱˹ͷĹޣͲòǵˣѾ¶һ⣬ؿڵǸŭĿմŽ䵶Ҳ뵽ս֮С
ˣԷʩӸǵѹҲʮֳأΪԷһ˶˹ͷĹ
֮󣬲Ϊ˺üٶȣ⧲
׻˵ĺã书Ψ첻ƣֻҪٶȿ쵽˼£޵ˡ
๷ͷĹҹ֮£϶ʼˣҵļͺ󱳱Щ˼צӣջǵۣкͰչ͸˵ˡ
СսʮǿͷĹΧҲ˿·硣
Դҽٻص֮ҲնɱͷĹõĻ㾦ĽУȻЩƤȴҲܲסǽ֮ļӳ֣һ׾ٵĶЩ޵塣
Щͷļһһɱܿͻָͨ˵ģʱǣѾѪʬ塣
˵ǼɱʮѪ̵ĸ֣ЩͷļһﻹʣʮһҪԸüѹ̫ˡ
ϱӵѪ죬һ߲ͣĻеĽħƣһߴĶ˵СţסˣϽ취ǿЩӳǡ
Ҳ취أǴűǸˣǵ˷ȫЩͷĹ޷ͻΧ
ҸоһֱӵĻҲֲ˶á
㽫Ǭ˱˯Ķʦָǰֵʱû룬һϵٴηˡ
ͷƳݶ֮ϣͻȻˡһ죬Ƭڵˤķ顣
̧ͷȥʱȴִһ۵ݶƶ¡
ǵȻһأ㳯ɨһۣ˰չϡ
ǵովӣһŮݶҲӻһ˿Ц⣬Եʮ˷ܵӡ
Ůʮͷഺһβţп㣬׳ϻһҵĸоǻϴѧĴѧ
˵俴ͦСΪŲǻˡ
ֻڲȷЩ˾ǵѣٴν
֮󣬵ͻȻСʦãȥȰչʦܳȥʰЩѪ̵ˣ˵գͻȻ˼ɫķ̤֮ɱȺ֮УɫƺרΪ˶ԸЩһߵĹͷġ
ķЩͷϵʱЩͷ϶ʱһỤ̋Ǹڵ˳ȥݺݵڵء
ǲҵڵϰһشܿͻָ˵ģ
ǵһŵķЩͷĹϣһȫ˳ȥָΡ
ڿƯֱӾͳŰչ˹һһߴһΧչǸͷļһ˹ȥ
Ưӵֶɵ֮еʱҲſķ壬Ķһ״ķʲôǽѩڿ쵽ǹͷĹߵʱ״ķͻȻɢֱǹͷļҪ˹ȥ
ڡ춯ǹͷļҪ֮УѪɽǹҽһ˵ϣƯһΣ״ķŶ԰չСʦܡ캰ʦ㡭


1121 Ӥ
˵ǴѧӳĺۣȥƺʮչҲʮˣȴðչʦ㡣
չһתͷЦӣЩãȻ˵ǣ
ôˣȺСʦСʦԶĸ˹ǲҪúøлҲǣСƺҪչʦ㣬һֱߴС
ǰչһãȻ֪ΪʲôҪС
СѾͷƬЩʦ˵Ůе磬˵ǲǸýһСʦ㣿
ʱչŻȻ򣬹һ񣬺һСʦ㡣
ҿǰչıһʼãȻϲƯӵ񶼲һˡ
˵ӳǺܲȺ˶ΪƴأȻйС̸˵ĺ
Ϊɵּ룬ȷʵǲѹλչ֮ΪʦֵеЩɫƺרſЩͷģÿһɫƮɳȥһմЩ˵ϣ̾ͻԭָͣɱģ
ֻЩ˱ͷĹ˴;Ԫһָ˱ģԪˣû̫սˣʣµͱļֱӹȥոǵá
Ҫ˵ƯСӵʦˣ֮ǰ˵¶Ǵɽսʱġ
չڵɽΪɣΪһʦΪִţŵ࣬һСɣڽ֮еĵλߣʵǿޱȡΪһĸͽܣֱֵĸ֣ǰչүүӢܣĸʦֵܵΪߵһֻǲ֪ΪΣԵ޹ʵľȥˣһľѧմڸ˰չ
ˣѩɽʱһ֮ԵĸʦֵܵĩβҲΪһҸɽ˽а壬ʵ֪
λչ֮ΪӦǰչʦĵӣǸŮʦ˵Ůһ£˵ͽûе֮⣬ΪɼλֱĵӶˡ
»֡
չ䣬ӻչ򵥴һƣ˺ֿܿս֮С
˵ļ룬߷ΪʤһĹͷĹﱻڵأɥȪ
ǰܹվŵĹͷĹҲֻ
Ƭ֮Ǹ֮ΪʦֵĹͷĹԼָΣЩĴһʦ塭˼һҪȵʲôʱΪɵļ󱲶ˣٲǾȫˡ
ǴʦһǼ˶һ㶣꣬ƳﻹѪ̵ĸ֣ұֺܸߣӦһʮֲֿĴڡ
˲䣬Ǽ˶֣ͣۼһǼͷļһҲǷֿſڵλá
ʱҲ׹Ѫ̵˲רŹʰչģǴðչΪӣΪɵļ󱲸һټġ
ߵǣҺͻбԵ޹ʵǣ˳ǵùߵġ
ȻѪ뷨ǾžԵţҪֵˣʵӦ൱ֲǡ
Ѫ̸ΪҲģ͸Ҹһصһ㣬ǲݵľ档
һټʮǰү˰̣̲ŸĳһصչٴʵǰĪĸһص˹ϵ
һȦӲ
һ뽭ƺȦӲаĶԿ
ԴʱȻ䣬ƾɵĲ֮ͻȻĪıһڶ䣬ĵ׷
ȻƳ֮ͻȻ˷ƮһӤرңƳ֮Ʈ˵ĶĤ
ֻ˾ûܣ̶
ӤԽԽҲԽԽֶķθ֮УЩ񣬺޲һԼɱˣҲҪĺá
һһߵˣ˶Щ̫Ӧһϵı鶼ʮֵľʹֱ࣬˫ֺʮĬ˷𾭣˸еʹ
һæĬ˾ĿھһĬʮ飬Ÿо΢ƽһ¡
ӤһǿĳһһĥǣһͣĬǾĿھӤٴͷʹѡ
ҿԷʲôͷ⻹ûг棬չֳ˿ֲһ棬һĳǵĶ֣Ǹһֻ棬ͻȻٴһԳǿߵĸо


1122 ѪʥŮ
ָоܲãǾþɳʶܶң˿ҲüӦŽֶЩķˡ
꣬һŪþпˡ
ʹæģСôȥǾͿˡ
Ӥɻڼĥ˵Ķ䡣
Ƭ֮󣬴ƳĳͻȻһ׻һƬǶٶȲ죬һһ߷ýˣ˲źȻ֣ǾȻһоûµСӤ
ƷӤ飡
һԵĵֵ˵һ䣬ɫ䣬һ
չСŵĲУɫɷףƺǰֶ
Ȼӿɲǣ⼫ƷӤ鲢ֹһʹƳĽͻȻֳһ߿һ߳˹
ֻһƷӤѾʮֿɲˣͻȻҪǵˡ
Ҷһ±ƵɫչСӻҹĿ࿴ǵ˱һصЩ黹Ҫֲ治֪һҵʱ䣬ʲô飿
վߵĻһץסҵĸ첲С˵Сţ鷳ˣǶӿˣ⼸ƷӤѪ̵ĳѪʥŮа⼸Сһ֣֤ѪʥŮ˿̾
ѩʥŮôʲô˵Ѫ̵ϴѪ
£ҲûжʣȻ¶ˣǾֻӲͷƤϣ룬ѪʥŮħСүƴˣõ֮зӡƴһҲѪʥŮù
ӽļƷӤ飬Ǽ˶ԴȻʱ򣬱ȸǸͻȻͦվ˵ǰ档
һȣͻȻһϲղŹźˣСȶˣСѾͷ˿̵ĵУѾʮֽӽڹƷӤ飬ҲСȵĶ֣СȽƷӤˣ˵Сȵĵֵþ١
⼫ƷӤ飬СȻǲµģ˿̵ɸѪ̵ϣһѲϵѪĵһƷӤ黺˹ȥ
ƷӤͬʱСѪɫɷǣɢһʮֿɲϢԭǸ޲ֹļƷӤ飬һܵСȵϢͻȻ̧ͷ˸ǺϵȣСӤʵ֮䣬ڹ֮еĵҲǼߵһˣ۾ֱܹܴʱȣǲࡣ
ϾСǸϻ壬֮ϣվ
⼫ƷӤ鳤ͬͨӤС˵ʵģǶôֲûʬƵǴͷ޵ˣɢĿֲϢȴľ
ˣǼƷӤ̧ͷȸǸѪ̵ӵʱССϻ¶һּȲɫǰˣǹֽһ˼
ͬʱСȴдѪĳǳ֮ҲһѪɫɷȻ䳯ǼƷӤն˹ȥ
һͻȻӶ¥ķһ׹Ҷûпʲôǵ׹ȸǸѪ̵ӵؿڡ
ȸǼһʱ׹˳ȥڵء
һɺɷѪ̵ӵƮ˳ֱ߶
Ƭ֮ȻΣվҵߣ̧ͷŶ¥ĳȥСȵıʮֽţҺٿġ
˳СȵĿ⿴ȥڶ¥ͻȻһŮˣһɫĽ£ǿӻƤ㣬ʮ欣Ҳʮ꣬Ƥϸۣ촽һ˫۾ȴֱĿȣʮ̰
Ůѵǻп˵ѪʥŮ
ղѪ̵ĴʦֿǺŮΪʦ壬ǴʦֶʮˣôѪʥŮ᣿ⲻѧ
һΪѪʥŮǸ߰ʮء
ɻ󲻽ʱһԵĻС˵СţСˣأǴ˵еѪʥŮֶαӤ飬ϸƤ⣬ʵһ߰ʮ̫ţͨкӤͨӤڵĳʲűղϵģǶ֣һǷֹҸ˵סţ㽫ſǼͷָɱˣ򿪴ǳȥӳȥһһ
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ
ʱѪʥŮͻȻ΢΢һЦɨһۣ˵ΪɵЩСǶĲˣʡһȥǣ˿һˣֻϧǼ϶û


1123 β
˵УѪʥŮͻȻһΣӶ¥ƮȻ¡
ѪʥŮһɲǣҲתȥſڵǼͷļһ˹ȥһƴˣ
δ䣬еĽ꣬һл㾦ͳһſڵĺɱ˹ȥ֮籡һɫĹһŵĺؿڴȥ
ǹͷĺӶûзӦǵɫĹ㶴壬ؿڴһǵҲɫĹˣһڴСĿ
ǹͷļһһ˫ĿĹۣ建ϻѪӿ廬䣬ҲָģȴѾһˡ
ǶŵļͷĹʱıŭ˻һ㳯
սһһεıȼ
ҶԸ⼸ͷĹʱȺҲ
ǻк͵ѪʥŮƾǵΪҪѪʥŮմʲôˣǲܵģȺУ֮⣬ҲֻܹѪʥŮһս֮
СȺǰչıСʦѪʥŮŪƷӤˡ
ҵǲõģǼƷӤ黹Ķ֣ǰչıСʦ㣬ΪҲǲ˼ͯӹӼʱͿʼУֶҲǲ
һƷӤֱ˰չ
ͱˡ
չȺ˵ΪһϻˣȰչӦһƷӤ˰չļϣһ˫Сץס˰չ˫СһڰչļϣŨĺɫɷ˫֮ƣչһֱͦͦվţȴǰѱһҲҶ
Ҳϣչһͱˡ
ҲǰչСӵùһô׺һɫ
ǿＱĹȥȣŰչһξ룬߻ͷĹңһʱ޷
Ƕٰ˲Ҳˡ
ΪҿǼƷӤѾſ˴죬ŰչĲһҧȥ
ǼƷӤԴ󣬵Ա£ʣµľȫˣɶܼݣž˾޶˿ֲ
Ҹоչһο϶Ҫˡ
û취Ϊ
չһЪ˹ĲҽУϵĶʱĺɫѪܣеѪҺʼĲϻۣڱǼƷӤٵɡ
͵ΪչСҲʱ򣬽һĻֱĿɿڴˡ
ӰչͻȻƮһֽˣֽˣһűֽƬüõΩΩФ۾ӹյʮִ
ֽƮ䵽˵֮󣬾Ȼվԭţһֽ֮˾ȻһһʤѩŮģҼһߵֻҲ˿ѷɫ
ϹΨһͬǣǰ椵϶һĨ֮ɫ
ſεΪ֮⣬עĿıͻȻľë޵βˡ
ʲô
β
չôһֻβأ
ǳžβ͵Ĵһ֮˰۵ֱۣһѽչϵǸƷӤץУųһҫ۵İ׹⣬ǼƷӤǾβоҵİȻһж޼£ǵ׹֮ǼƷӤʱΪУһɫɷǼƷڡ
Ȼ󣬰չЩܲĺɫѪܿٵȥֱͦͦȥ
ڴʱǾβһץס˰չӣŰչĺ󲱾Ĵһչһ£Ȼָһ˿ǣתͷǾβ
һ椣չԼһһŲһ
ǰɣѵչʶβǴϵǸֽ˻ûɵġ
βֵͬʱֻá顱춯һתͷʱ򣬵кǵȻѪʥŮ˳ȥ˵ϣ˽ˣڱѪڵһ
ϻҾһһɨǧɨǰͷĹͳŻ˹ȥֱͷĹסˡ
ͬʱк͵ɳȥѪʥŮһΣƮǾβǰ
չһֻôİ֣Ϊɶ粻ųչǱʦһ߸ǼƷӤһЩԹ˵
ȻչҲһ±ƵɫһǾβһѪʥŮ죬ȴҲ˵֡
ֻӡĺ־βĲлꣿѪʥŮǾβ


1124 շ
Ȼ֪˭㻹Ǿβ촽۾ѪʥŮһȻɱȻܶʱĵ
ȻѪʥŮȴ˿壬Ц˼ľβҲˣӣأֻһβĲлˣұӡ˺ü꣬һĵҲĵĲˣʦ֮һֱΪõβĲлһ֪ȴðչСӵ˱ˣȻˣȻûɶ˵ģʵʦкҵжһġʮļƷӤ飬Ժ油Ʒɣ
˵գѪʥŮһΣһ־ͳǾβץ˹ȥ
Ǿβɫһһ֣ǰɫĳ۶Ȼǣһը죬ͬһųŵڵѪʥŮʹ˹ȥ
һԲϾͿ
ֱҲ׹ԭβֻһл꣬ΪľβֲѪʥŮôη
׻˵ĺãձ󣬾˼Ҿβһл꣬ǱϾҲǾβʵеģһҵĸоǲֲ٣൱
ͻȻðľβ֣ܹסѪʥĸһоͺðˣʣµѪ̵ЩˣǼɰӦֻڻк͵ˣҲ֪˵жأ˶ڵϣʼڻͬʱϽ𲧸͵м䣬Ͻ𲧿ٵת˵죬ͬʱбһ͵Ľ⽫͵
͵˵ʱ򣬱Ѫ̵͵ϮԲϽŪһϣ˶⣬һжЩѪ̵ͨӺʹѪʥŮ֣Ҫ˻ҲֻǷַӵ顣
ֻѪʥŮβסˣҲ²֡
ڣܹʣµЩѪ̵ƴɱľֻҺͰչıʦԼСˡ
չ֪ô¶ǸղűǼƷӤҧһڸҧɵˣֱ㶵վ۾ǰѱһûټƴ˼
Сȴ˿̸ѪʥŮļƷӤ鶷ĲɿչǱʦǼƷӤĶ֣֮ƴǼƷӤĽڽڰˣҪһطһֱסȫͱǼƷӤɱ˺üˡ
УҵþӣòǾǼƷӤɱˣǿϧĺܡ
ӿ˹ƣʼе˼ǰ⼸ͷĹϡ
ҲǷ˺ˣеĽһεı׷ɶ𣬳Ǽ˹Ĺͷֲ˹ȥ
һǶõ콣еĽߵ
껯һƬӰٵתɢһɫâ
ǰͷĹʱסһʱѲ
ʣµͷĹһͬʱ˹վԭһǿҪ˵ߵʱջֻֻһģһշǰһƣշˮһͷĹﵴ˹ȥ
ͷĹͣӷӦȴʮֳٶۣ֪շȻܣֱӭշײ˹ôʲô
ͷּշײһʱշȻͱɶȭͷСĻֱӾײϡ
ƿһײһϣʱ䡱춯˲ͱշȼճ֮ȼˡ
շ仯ıոĥģҪ˵ҪлֻϹ̣Ƕָ˲٣˵үôշ仯֮ġ
һóãǷǻϵֶҪʵˡ
Ȼ潫ͷļһȼˣȴǺܿȥǴһ棬۵Ĳסİȴɳ߳˹
ҲǷ˺ݣȻˣǾĸһЩɡ
ٴδǬ˱֮ͭǮ˵֮еȫע뵽ͭǮ֮УȵͭǮһâʱԾ𣬳ҳ޶ȥ
ͭǮ͵һնһͷֵĲϣҸоĪһҧҲͦ˹ȥ֮ͬʱһ˶ĻȼŻĹԴȳѪҺ˳һֻƷҲһֻͷֵԴϺݺȥ


1125 Ѫɫ
һͷֱͭǮԴնһԴǡ
ǱնԴĹͷ˽ŹԻǰһξźʬǸԴǵĹͷѪɥ
ҵĽŲû˿ͣ٣ͭǮĴһһɴʹӿͭǮϱմȾ֮ġ
ͭǮѪ֮ɨǬɱ⣡
ͭǮٴηˡһ죬ɢʮöͭǮԺâ磬ûٷɢͭǮǽͭǮȫע뵽ЩɢͭǮ֮УͭǮ֮ǿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬⼸ʮöͭǮסͷ˵ϡ
һΣЩɢͭǮû˿ͣ٣ȫĴЩͷĹڣǵϱһѪ
һ䣬һֱͷϵĽ˲˽תųǵϺɨ˹ȥ
źôĹͷֱӱնǻѪһ֣ͭǮҵС
ѷһҸջߵԴĹͷ˵ʬʱָģȻء
ղŶ֮ѪͭǮǱЩߣҴϢڣͭǮǲƬ̵и۾ֳŰչǱСʦķ˹ȥǼƷӤֲ̫չǱСʦЩ᧿ΣҴǬ˱֮һǷʬߣٰ˲ͻεǼƷӤߣ붼û룬㽫Ƿʬ߳żƷӤԴ϶ͷȥ
ǼƷӤ鵹Ҳܵ˷ʬĪѹһĳ˹ȥ⶯ҲʮѸ
ͬʱǰչСʦƺѾǼƷӤƵ˼ޣ÷ʬ߽СӤ֮һΣľȥæһ֣Ӹ˻Уһ㺹졣
תͷһǰչСʦϿʼкɫѪܸ֣ǰ۵ļ֮ԵøΪԡ
һ龰ҶʱһţСӿ϶ǼƷӤˣɷ֮Ȼ壬ʱһǱ᲻ȣǼƷӤɡ
ҿӣſС죬ֱӽʬ˽ȥǷʬĩ˵Сʼҵ˸ɺɫɷСӵϸ֣Ƿʬۡ
Ȼͳ÷ʬ߸ӽɷ֮ǼƷӤ굽˿ӣٴγ˹
ǼƷӤ鲻ѣһ쳣ɷ棬ϸݵĴ쳣
һ֮£æһϣԼͰչСʦǰϸ޷סֲļƷӤ飬һײ֮£˲߽⣬ա
ˣҲǼƷӤΪ֮һ٣ٴζٰ˲˼⣬ԶǼƷӤ顣
ûзʬڣҶԸ⼫ƷӤһնûУΪС̫ˣϾѪʥŮü˲пֶμʮʮ飬ԽСӤԹԽ󣬾Գ֮
˼֮æͷһ۰չСʦ㣬ϵĺɫѪ˲٣һʱ벻÷ʬڵɷ֮Ҳ˵ʱ޷ǷʬԸƷӤ顣
ֻôһ٣ƷӤһգһ˫ݵٴҡ
˫ӶӣܹоǶޣ࿴һ۱УæջĿ⣬ҧУڰ֮һε۳һշ䣬һ߻һ߿޼Ǭ跨Ѫа뷣
Ѫɫշ仹ûȫɣǼƷӤ鷢һĹֽоٴ˹
ĵһ⣬æٴٰ˲ǰչСʦŲŸղǵշķȥǼƷӤ龹Ȼһײշ֮ϣʱһϢУǼƷӤʹڵϷ
үү֮Ըһֵ֣ΪǴ֮ڵʵѪҲǴ֮ѪšڵǼǿҴ֮õҵѪԸЩʲģƷӤ鱻һѪɫշһʱ޷ѡ
۾һɨʱ˸һֻƷӤСȣæһȣң
СҵٻʱһѪɷƮ˹ֱǸѪɫƵļƷӤȥ˲佫ƣǼƷӤٴΰȴҲӲѱСɵ³
ǸղȶԸֻƷӤ񶾵ٴסңſڵϴϢƬ̣һֽ֮ͳ˹


1126 ƽб
üһΪأ
һƷӤ鳯ʱһҲû㣬ֱĿǼƷӤ鳯˹
ۿҪϵʱ˲佫ʬ߳˳ǼƷӤϺݺݵ˹ȥһôһţǼƷӤ϶ʱһŰɫһĲҽУ˵ϡ
ҷǰչƯСʦ㣬æǹڵصļƷӤߣһεĽǷʬ߳żƷӤ˹ȥ
¹ܶʬ߽ܹƣаϵаܹסʬߣȻǹϻʱ򣬱ǱʬˣһƷӤȻڻ¡
ʬǼƷӤ֮ĩ˵Сٴξҵ˸
һʼǼƷӤУһֿԻң޺˵塭ҰɡҰɡҺ۰
ааּƷӤ飬ѾûƿˣȫԹȡǰһ̷ſžͻᷴҧһڣܷſ
ŷʬĩ˵С˸ƵǼƷӤѾǸղǰʵˣò˶ñɢʬȫɡ
ڴʱȻһըҶŵһһ̧ͷһ־ȻѪʥŮ˱ӣϳ˹ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣæ߶ٰ˲˼⡣
ҿҶļʱҵӸոŲǱӾҸովĵط涼ǱӴĿˣһĹ֣Ӳˮа׶Ļڡ
ղһҵϣҹƵñ벻ɣ̫ˡ
ȻƵļƷӤ飬ҷɱ㲻ɣѪʥŮݺݵһ䣬ٴ˱ӣϴ
ıֻǸ߸𣬲û㱻Ǿβϰɫסˣٴδһš
ҰһǼƷӤ鿴һۣ˿̵ѾЩ͸ˣʬˣȻдЩηĳҿ˹ǰһ
ٴȥСȵʱ򣬷ѾһƷӤɵˣʹһɫȥʰһƷӤ顣
ƴĹҿɲܰСܹɵѪʥŮƵƷӤҲһСջ񣬼ЩҲֵõġ
ͳһƷӤ˹ȥ˰չСʦԱߣһֽ˼£СŮתѣѾûʲô󰭣ϵɷ֮ʬ߸˳
֮СŮһץסҵĸ첲һ˫۾ʵ˧磬ղң
ǰɣŮѣҲܼȲǣ΢΢һЦ˵
˭ôŮʵ
ȲҪ汦ڶûأǶųȥ֮ɶУҿҲûɶ¶ˣҪǲĻͺúţȥӴš
˵ֱ֮ʬȻһεļ˽꣬ǸβһѪʥŮ
ɴܣּΪЩղ֣һǞųӿݣǱ볤һѷᣬƴʱĵ綼Щվסš
ŽԱ߿һŹսţһһл㾦ŵؿڴ˹ȥ
ѪʥŮβĲлΪڲ֮䣬ֻҪƽ΢һбһվȻʱұƽб롣
һƵɫĹͳѪʥŮ˹ȥѪʥŮ۾ʱɵԲһֻͻȻųһŰ׹⣬Ž籡ɫײ˹ȥҫ۵Ĺâڰըѿһ
ұʩչǽߵһ½ֱӳѪʥŮ˹ȥ
ǽȥĻңһǾβߣһǾϻζĴβͣæֺõ˵λɶӣˡ
Ǿβתͷһۣӣƺûнҷ˫ֲͣ趯ǳʱɱʱƣʱӲĹӣѪʥŮȥ
ѪʥŮҪӦǲͷĽ꣬һ߻ҪӦβһ¾ͳǾβĳһ»еؿڣѪʥŮһѪ˳ȥ
˵ͬʱеıȴ˽꣬ýȻʧɫ߷˹ȥӵʱ򣬸оأǽ˺üվ˽Ÿ


1127 
סЩ飬죬ȥѪʥŮʱ򣬷ͻȻվԭںڵĳɢڼͷɫҲ˼ֵ־Ĭ˫Ҳ̤Ҳ֪ҪʲôֶεʱľβɫͻȻһͺһãżһ棬ֱӳѪʥŮƮ˹ȥ
ֻǲȾβԣѪʥŮֳ˱ʣ֪ۻ˻զأѪʥŮͻȻһƮ߽ųһһģһˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬һֳһһ˱
ˣҲŻȻԭѪʥŮҲֱֻ֮꣬ꡢػֱ꣬ӾͽǷ˳Ӱˡ
Ҽүүΰƽùéɽǲ˲ᡣ
ͬһַֻȴвͬ
ΰƽķֻѪʥŮһȾͲ̫Զˡ
Ϊΰƽʹֻʱ͸ģŲʵѪʥŮǸıһģһֱ治һѪʥŮ
ôɾ˼ˡ
ֻ֪һʩչһѹեԵԼΪӵ˼£ֻ궼֮ǰѪʥŮһй֮һѪʥŮ͹ѲˣҺ;βſƷһɲҪ
βһǰһһѪʥŮķֻ꣬һֻߺܿҵϣеĳһͳ߶
㣬ǲôġ
нп࣬òӲͷƤŽȥһȥѪʥŮķֻӽҸ˱Ӱ֮У˦жը죬ǻŵһ㣬崦ӣʹٰ˲ҲʼӲų޵֮£һٰ˲ӻûվȣǱӾͳҳˡ
ҽٰ˲ֶŶ£ٶȱΪٰ˲̫սҵ͸֧˲١
ֻ΢ôһͣ٣ѪʥŮıӾͳеĽ֮ϣ˴һ³ɳȥԶ˵ϡ
ŽЩ飬ˤʹ̡
ܹվŵҲֻʣҺǾβˣչСӲ֪ʲôһֱվ۾һˤĵطþǰչĽ¡
ҴӵѪʥŮıӾֳ˹Ҫٴʩչٰ˲ʱȻ䣬һѳͻȻҵͷϣѪʥŮıӸ˿ȥ
һ㶣æ̧ͷȥʱ˲˼һĻһֱɵվһİչȻˣһΪСӱǼƷӤҧɵأСӾȻ֪֡
ͻȻһЩ⣬չСԸղŸоһˣǻһˣǱƸ֮ǰȫһ
ܿ죬Ҿ֤ҵжϣǰչͻȻ˵ˣǺٺһЦŲŵСǶֶͦβ
Ҷܹоչ˱仯ѪʥŮôߵΪо˱ӣɫһ࣬˵չСӾȻһʲôˣ
ҿûпչһԭڶֶΣֻٶҲ߯һЩһ֮Ȼôʱ䡣
¶ĥһﻹͦģѪʥŮЩɵ
˰չǼһͻȻٴЦƶ˭¶ɾ˵ˣ˵ƶǰǸ۵Ĺһӣһ׷ֻϧ޷أգڸ֮Уǳһ»꣬תǰƷء
ס죡ѪʥŮ޷λչĴŭһֱӾͳŰչ˹
˵չλƤȻЩ߶ǶһҲǱѪʥŮҸһ֣ڰչϵλү̧еǰѱѽһ̧˲һŻ⣬潫ǰչı
һ̣Ҿ͸оǰһڰչϵλүʹʧˣֱƹѪʥŮıӣѪʥŮ
λүҲ֪ĴֶεЩףչеǰѽǱӵ쾡£жһȵϢѪʥŮķֻֻǹʮеӣұѪʥŮһҽУѪʥŮһֻ㱻ڰչϵλүһУһΣǱٵľ£һ۳һˡ


1128 Ѫ
˵֮ڣһܳΪһˣҪôɵҪôΪֲˣһغ
չλһûѪʥŮϼУѪʥŮһֻ֪꣬
ѪʥŮȻشˣѾûս֮ӲȥĻֻ·һ
չǸͣб˵ǽվҲѪʥŮķȥ
֮Ҳ˽һЩһķţԼŵǰ߷Բʮ֮ڵԼϣԴԼսһַš
֮кü˵Ϊıéɽ֮Ҳ
Ĳһ񣬸ǹ壬ֻΪߵ߲Ҫ˵ܹʲô̫ϾʲôģǾǳһɼ˼Ĺ֮ǻпܵġ
ҸоչӦڹ޵һִڡ
һ㶼ǰߵĸ֣֮Լֻأѡ˼ޣһ׷ı֣ԵɺϵĻܹǣֻ֮࣬䡣
̫һЩɹʣΣԺܴ󣬳ɹĻҲʮãû˳ɹҴû˵ԣԸֻ֮أвѡ·Ūþͻɢ±Ӷûˡ
һȴֵÿ϶޵ģǰɶʮߣҪȻҲʮоͽѪʥŮķֻȥ
˵ҪһԼϣǿд۵ģҲ֪չʲôǴ񽻻丽Լϣ۱ȻСˡ
˿̣ǴһеĽ޲ڵ⽣һѺýǻΪҵĻ𾫳һˣܹ⽣һҲǲġ
˽֮ǸڰչϵĴЩװȵ˵˵λӣȻˣͲҪڴˣƶԩ޳ֻвųæȡеزҲףϽ߰ɣƶһ·
УܾˣԺȻŻһǾβ˵
ϡƶȻһβСӳĿˮۣƶϹˣ˵ͷСӻиٺ١
һβģڰչϵλʱ˾쿪𳵣һģҿ˺޲öȥһӡ
βǸӣֲĶ֣ΨһƲһۣԶһЩ
ڴʱѪʥŮͻȻݺݵҧгݵ˵ΪӮЦڳ˶޷뿪ҪΪ˸ۣ
ѪʥŮ״񲣬˵仰֮ͻȻЦ˼
⻰һ˵ʱһּΪĸо
ڰչϵλҲɫȻ˿ѪʥŮ֪ҪˣʲôС
Ҳո˴󵨣ڰչϵǴȻûκζֻЩĿ
ǽһĻ˶ܵˡ
Ŀ֮£ѪʥŮͻȻһ½ԼĴͷ׽˫ֿʼٵ䣬ѸٵһŨѪ
Ѫ䣡
ǴͻȻһһΣеǰѱ֮Ϊ𾫳ıǰһٴһŻ⣬ֱѪʥŮ˹ȥ
ѪʥŮĿȣһ޷У͵͵һԾµѪͻȻѿѪɽǴ㱻ѪʥŮϵѪŽһ
ȻѪʥŮǸƵ˵ϣȫµѪһѪˡ
ˣѪʥŮɻû
û֮ǰ欵ģǱһ߰ʮ̫ţһӣϵƤͰ͵ģȫߡ
Ǳ˷ĽôΪһԼġ
³ҲӦãܹάղϣ֪ɱ˶Ӥ
ڰչϵǸͷһǻ΢΢ЦѪʥŮε̾ϢһǺαأƶ˵Ҫһ
⻰û˵꣬Ѫɫ֮ͻȻһ͵ӰǸӰʮֻѪ֮лǸڰչϵĴһӰסһеĻ𾫳һһ˻۵ľֲԶǿʲôرµ顣


1129 ǧѪ
˵һʼ͵ӰʱҲûио˿ĺ£ֻǾú档
ղѪʥŮҧͷȫѪܱѵģǴ˵ʲôѪţһΪʲô˲õֶΣԭȻٻһͷӡ
ֶϡ٣ûм
ͷѪ֮˳߶ʮֻһΡΡģ˸оӣѾ˷꣬ҴϸоκߵϢ治֪ѪʥŮţӾԼŪһͷӸŪǸذ
³ΪͷȻȻĵҪȻǸڰչϵĴҲῴͷη塣
һߵǾβߣСʵ˵λɶ㣬⵽ʲô
Ǿβתͷһۣһģȴһֶû˵
ͷ⼸·ӣѾ̫ŵѪʥŮߣ۾һۣ̾ϢһͽǺοءּ˵ķʽΪʦǧѪٻˣһΪɾȫˡ
Ҳ
ͷ˵仰ŵĻһһ
ͷȻѪʥŮʦҲ˵Ѫ̵ƽѪ棡
ˡ
ѪǸҸүһľ֣ΪɽΪߣħͷǰҲСһ㡣
ħͷǰһָͷ׾ٵҡ
⻹ʲôȫĽࡣ
ʱ򣬸ڰչϵλͻȻٴκʮ־ֵ˵Сӣƶɰﲻˣ㽫ƶķͷˣƶҲԹԣħͷ̫ˣƶһˡ
˵գչһһ֮ӰչƮ˳֮ȥ
ȻѪһ֣˵߾ߣ
ǿͣλѱż˵ţѪһ֣ǴƮȥķңңһָ֮ͱ˰֮УҲѷֺ
׻˵ĺãмһ־֪ûС
ѪҲֻһָ㽫չǸ޸˰֮УΪȻﵽһֻһӻԶ޷ֹľ硣
ʱҲһ飬ΪҸղûиܵͷһߵϢΪͷΪﵽһּ£豹ľ硣
ĸ֣㷴оʲô֣Ⱥ֮УҲһͨˣƽƽ棬һ֣֪жôֲ
һлΪ򣬾Ͷ֮ȡԷ
򣬱˵
ҸүʱҲûͷҵѹء
ǰҸҶã˵ûע⵽Сɫһ¶˵⣬һұСˡ
סǹ֮Ѫ̧ͷϸһƳ֮еһˡ
к͵Ͻ𲧵Ļ֮µϢչ֮ù֮Ѿѣ˵ϣǱСʦڲԶ㶵ĿͷһһҲҶ
˿̣βҲվ˿á
ɨһۣһо۵ףѪŵ˵ЩСΪɿҲûʲôˣЩϷ򵽵ɱǲɱأǲɱͽѪֵΣɱл˵Ϊϲ۸ЩСǡ
Ѫ滰䣬ͻȻͷϴһ죬һŵ۵ƮȻ£վҵߣǸ˸ովһ˴ݶƮ¡
תͷһһһĵҲʶаʮˣǵڶȴĺܣ˱ɽսʱλΪɵˡ
λΪɵĸ֣Ӧǰչʦʦ
ûһعһϵݶ˹
ϵЩ΢֣һվչǸСʦͻȻغүүˡ
Ǽ˷⡣
λǰչʦˡ
Ϊ˵ĸͽܣһºϷĿ
λվһţһ֣Ѫ湰֣˵ݻƽ̡
һˣѪ沢ţȴͻȻЦ˵˼ˣΪɵ˻Ǵˣֻϧʦֵ˵ΪզأǰӢܹϷ߿һۣʦֵܼҲСӵΪ㲻
޲ĻټϷأһϤͻȻ˷Ʈ˹һһһ𣬶ʱĲС


1130 õľۻ
֮æԴȥǴӰչʦʦƮµݶϣ˿һƮ£һȻĳ˹
үҶʱҸү˹ȥ˼Ҳһֱڱչô˿Ҳ
ҸߵҸүߣүЦеĿңҵļº͵ЦСţСҲˡ
ͷʵүôҲϵ˺ЩûУ
öˣϷֻУġ
ү˵꣬ҴѪ˹ȥ
һʼѪչļλʦʦʱδһ˿˿ľţһҸүʱ޷ˡ
ҸүǿǼʮǰ㱻֮ΪµһֵĴڣȻ˽ǽϻ˼ҵڡ
ѪڿҸү֮΢΢һ£ɫʱޱȡ
үߵѪ߰׵ĵطͣһ֣ǿ˵ƽ̣ǵмʮûм˰ɣɺá
Ѫղ̣Ǹող֪ȻҸү˶ݵľţ˼ҲǳõħͷǱӦеȣһ֣˵ʬġϹͷأ
ҸүǺһЦ˵ƽ̶ĺúõģȻҲһû뵽Ƕˣټһ棬ҲԵ֡
Ѫһ˵Ϸʧˣ˶ȵǸϷһװ
ƽ̣ô˵ǼʮǰǹʽһٺüʮˣҲûмû˵ƽĳֻǹһѵģϷ򲢲һģһˣزƽһʶԻᡭ
үһϼ޻ģҪѪ棬ȴ˵ǹѣ˵档
ҵǺܺҸүʲôѹ
Ҹү㴫ѱȻҲǸĪ֮
һ䣬ƳݶٴƮһˣǸУ꿴ȥоʮˣüëǰ׵ģѾҪ°ˣľݣʮͿʱӦҲǸ˧硣
ϺлҲ˹ûͻȻ仨Ͻ𲧣һʦĵĳϺ˹
¶Уرࡣ
һֱΪһ˵ɵģǸٺУȻнһǺʦ֮ҲŷӦ˼һлһУЩۡ
Сӵײײһ·С˹ֱӹϺеǰϺеȿ޵£Ҳ֪СӵίϺ˻ϵĹͷº͵˵İɣô˲ٿͷΪʦ飬ٺú˵
һ˵ǻвЩɿϺеȣ涵ĿϺС
ϺлߵҸүߣѪ˫ֺʮһŵӷ𡭡ƽ̣Ҳδ˰ɡ
̨ɽ۾
Ѫһǰо͸Ӳܵˣ΢΢һΣŲһ
Ҳϣ
˼ˣԭеʦ̨ɽĻ۾ʦһֱΪţء
Ҫǽ쿴ˣҲŵġ
ⳡַǷ֮ϼһȫˡ
Ҹүģеʦ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦ
аչļλʦʦ
Ҳһ飬һʼѪ̵ðܰչͷΪɵһȫһټ𣬽Ѫ̵ˣΪɵˣΪɵˣǾ˼λĸˣν
ҸоѪǲˡ
鵽ΪˣȻгϵľϲڵǡ
ʱƳݶƮһˣ˹
ǸʮߣĿֱ࣬۾
һ֣˵Ŀȫϡ
ʱһֱſڵϣĲеİչͻȻ۾һϲĺһүү
Ӣܣ㡭㲻Ѿ𣿡Ѫޱ𾪵˵
ѽ˲ˡ⾿ҪǰչүүѾһôѵթʬ˲ɣ
ǰӢߵҸүͻ۾ʦߣһ񣬿˵лλǰΪڴл


1131 ·
Ҹүǻ۾ʦ΢΢ͷү˵ѪˣʮǰӦñˣѪһֱΣ˭ҲҲڣð¶ˣа˵ö֮ϷʦΪͷǹʽӢܾ˿ˡ
˵ļǣѪŻ꣬ʵ˽֮󻼣òǻ۾ʦҲ˵
˵򣬰չѾ˰Ӣܵߣ䣬ǻлҪңס˰Ӣܵȣһ߿һ˵үүСչӿˡСչΪȥˡܹٴμʵ̫ˡ
Ӣ̾Ϣһչͷε˵СչһǿˣѪһֱΪķ޶үүʵûа취ˣżһ࣬ն߳϶һ˽ᣬСӹû
ǳ·ũˡ
ũ·Ҳĸӡ
һһģֱӽҸŪ±ˡ
Ϊ˶ԸѪ̣չүүҲɷѿģԼӶˣѪ̵ƽѪƭ˹
ȻֱӴӣһְæΪʰѪ档
һаŵ޷죬㲻С
ʲôϽԾˣ˵ĵطнٲ˶թĻˣֱ˦Ҿ֣Ͻʵ̫ˡ
ѪѾҪѪˣھǸɵҲܹһжǰչүүһ֣һһ࣬͵Ѫء
ʵ֤ӢĺܳɹѪǱӿˡ
Ӣܡ飬ĻǹģȻĵֶΣѪֱӾ߳ŭʼˡ
ǰӢȴһҲգ΢΢һЦ˵Ѫ棬Ϸǲӣ㵽ֵЩͽͽЩûٸЩɥ飬ֻнɱˣ󻼣㻹ʲô˵ģǹܷҪҵԳ㣡
⻰һ䣬ſڴॡһ죬ű˸ײˣӿһȺˣ̧ͷʱ򣬷һȺɽװļһ룬϶صˣЩصҴûм벻ͨϳǳսص֮⣬ôصˡ
ЩصжʮˣǾصʡֵսҪһ
Ⱥصͷһʮҵ쵼һΧķѾ׵ǷĶֱǣ
̫ˡ
ΪѪˣƹ¯Χ˷󣬾͸Ӷһ㱣ϡ
Ҹо˿̵Ѫп϶һֻڶ
װȳ۸һЩСأװȲɷݣֱӱָΧˡ
˵ѪϾǸҸүͬȼĸ֣˲Ż֮һ׼һʧϹʮϡˣȻҪԴ
Ѫ֪ԼǲӣһҲϧʲôˣֱӴһͳŰӢǱ߶ˡ
Ӣһ֣ǰѻ𾫳㱻Уһ֣չ˦ʮ֮⡣
ħͷһܵĞųҵķĿһƣЩԵڵء
Ǟųһĵֱӱ˸Ʒ˼ͷһԵ˳ȥ
͵ħͷ쭵ʱҸүͻ۾ʦҲ˷һȥǸֱӱһ޴УٶȿĿӰܴһ޴ĺиַϾɵĻ˳ȥռ䶼žҵҡ
˵ڲһɴܣּվһ߿ȥһǶҪġ
ұǹǿƷ֮󣬽ٴСȸٻ˻Ǭ˱֮С
ҸͿҲǹ˸Ʒ˳æһѲסƹ¯ײײ˹ȥ
ҪҸȫڶУǵƹ¯λɸˣȫ档
ҲŻеײײǰûͻȻǰ˼ˣһæٻ˳δ֣һ˵λͬ־𼤶صˣﲻȫɣǽǴȥ
ǵװȷصģҾͷ˽꣬ǽдн˹ȥҸǴƹ¯ĺ˳ǳ֮һ£׷׵˵ϡ
ǸճûãչСʦҲ̱ص˸˳


1132 ̫б
ӳĶЩСģǰչʦͽܵûʸҲص˸˳
Ǽ϶ٶˣк͵ˣչĹȣձͳ˹ȥϾղһһԼںѹե˼ޣһ͵һù֮󣬶Ҫһӣ嵹ûʲô󰭡
ʱҲղѪʱ򣬸ڰչϵǸŵֱӴӰչϹǲ壬ԸѪʥŮʱˣ磬һѪŵĶװˣ˵ֱӽŵĨ;ܣѪ˰֮С
ղһңλַīǳ˴۾Ҳ֪ϹûС
ҾϹӦˣʱôֳ֣ѪĻ˵Ϲ
ǾβԴҸү֮ҾһֱûٹעǺҲ֪ȥ
ȻЩӦҿǵ⣬ܹƳųȻǲеҡ
ҪҸүǼʱЩ󱲣һһ϶֮ء
ԽԽ˼ˡ
չүүҸүʶʶ񻹺ӣȻҸүеʦ۾ʦҲͦ죬֮ǰ϶ҲЩ顣
治֪ǲһЩ˴ʶҺͻԼչĳѡ
ͲߵȦҲСתתȥЩˣϸһ룬Ҳ;ЩȻˡ
Ǽ˶ص˶Ƴȳ֮صҽԱԭظˡ
ЩҽԱҪȥרŵҽԺҽεģǴһﶼԸ⡣
ΪֳֵĶսǶ궼ѵһ˭
˿̣˾Ƴ׿ĵط۾һ˲˲ĳǸȥ
ԶģƳը˹ƹƹҵĶʵˣܣƺʲôԼ֮УҸоƳΧȷʵʮķⷨרΪѪ׼ģǷֹѪݵķȥ
Ĵأ˽ܵ飬ʲôϡ¶пܳ֡
ȻܹѪݵ˲䶷תǧ֮⡣
Ѫ̵ڣֶε
Ҫ˵ѪʥŮǸҲǹߵģΪԼͨԲеķʽѪܹЩɱһɶʵȴǽʦӣŪһ޻ء
ǼλƳսǸƬ֮ȴžȻֱӱ˳޴Ļ
ͷ֮ĺϣ磬֮϶Щ΢΢ζѿ˼ӡ
꣬Ҳ̫бˡ
ص鿴龰ҲǴˣһѪνǱĳУĵԩԩ
ص˲ɷ˵㽫Ǹк˳ϣѸٵ뿪Ҳܵ˴˴գҾҲͷ׷˳
ӿٵʻ뿪Ƿ֮أ˵Ŀ⻹͸ңңĳƳλÿȥ
ڽΣԶ׼ѪϱȻҪСӹɵġ
Ĳ˵ҸүʵǰûˣҸүүһҲܸ㶨ŪộҲֻΪһʧˡ
ʻһСʱ֮Ǳ˳ǱһƫƧĴԺ֮УһϻزţҲ֪Ǹɶġ
ȻǼԱͱŵ˲֮С
һϸʵ̫ˣҵҲĵĲˣص˰ȫ֮ɶҲû룬ֱӵͷ˯
һһֱ˯۾ʱ򣬷һҵĴߣȻ俴и˵ʱ򣬻һ
ϸһŷҴߵľȻǰչǸСʦ㣬˫ЦĿҡ
۾СӺٺһЦ˵ӣôҿʲôҳôÿô
ǰ㳤ıͦÿġСѾͷ΢΢һЦ¶ÿСѣʮӡ
⻰˵Ҷ֪ô½ˣȻСѾͷƬȴͻȻһץסҵĸ첲ЩС˵ԭһΪϴŵǸ֣ɷļһû뵽㳤ĸеһһЩЩŷء
һ㶣ݸʵ϶ô˵Ұ
˵ɱħͷۣɽ飬ɱ֮ġߺߡƭ˵ģҿͦദģҪңҿ϶ͱǼƷӤɱˣСŮΪҪɡСѾͷƬӿ˵


1133 ǻ
⻰һڣҶʱܵˣļⶼڵСѾͷôһԲϾҪѵ˼˲ɣ
һȵģСѾͷƬͻȻһЦСŸ磬ôˣҾ͸㿪Цѵ㻹˲ɣ
εһЦ˵СѾͷǲôЦģһҪ浱զ죿
ҪĻҲ£˵ҴѧҵˣҼ޸ඣҲͦϲġСѾͷ΢΢Ц
ðɣҳϣһЩмܲסСѾͷƬӣֱǹȻϷңڵСѾͷƬӿɱǻҪŶˡ
չСʦʱͻȻԶˡڡһЦתͷʱ򣬵ǻҲ˹ſڱСţҿӳ治òģ˼濴ˣҪȻʹ˰ɡ
УȻ͵˵ִ򣬾ûôĺСӾС죬һ˫۾Ż˵
жʱһ״˵ӣ㽲ǲϷǼСţСɮһֱģôܽ͵أ
Ҳܣ͵ˣ͵˵ܲò֪֪СѾͷƬЩ˵
жʱһ
ʱ򣬲ԶһŴϵİչͻȻҲ˹ĵ̾Ϣһ˵˵ϻͲҪСʦ㽲ˣŮӽžҿԡ
иչ֮ǰͦģ˵Ҳ֡
ֻչһſڣʱСӣߵ˰չߣЩ˷ܵ˵ѽСʦܣˣһСʦ
չƵĲУΪɶҪҽСʦأ
ϻΪɵĵӶеı磬СҿɾôһСʦܣ㲻Сʦ˭Сʦ㣿СѾͷЩ˵
չεҡҡͷԹԵĽһСʦ㣬ʱ˵Ѿͷ㵸ģϾǸСѾͷСԣѵĺܣͦ˴ġ
ʱչͻȻӴվλƵĳ˹廹ĺܣߵǰϸҿۣЩɲ˵СŸ磬ζͻļʱҪȻ˵ͱЩѪ̵˸ɱˡС֮ǰǲļ
΢΢һЦСǰҸˣϵʱǴƤ߹ģûϳʵ쿴죬Ϊ֮ǰȷʵһ棬ǻΪС¹Ƶ飬ȥһɽǣðչСһģǻһԹȻֻһ֮ԵȴǼ£һɽ֮УҲɽص˸
ұչһѣ˵ˡС֣չʱȻ򣬼ĲУһѾס֣еĺСŸ硣
һԭʶһ˵ûмһ㡣
չǸСʦȴʮֺ棬ͣ׷ǵʱʶģչ㽫ʱ򵥵˵һ¡
һԵʮǢƬ֮žͱ˸ˣȥţһ򿪣˶һ¡
ΪǾȻصս塣
ս֮󣬸˶Ĵһкֱ˹
æʵ磬ôҲˡ
ս͵ˣҲʱʡص˸˹˵н񣬹һƲ֪סһħͷѪ棬¶̫ˣѪѪ̵ͷа̴ãҲΪĸ֮һǹҲֻǸɨβģڶԸǴħͷЩصСɫǿϱߵġڸʡصʱ򣬲֪ͻҲ˴£Ծ͹ǡ
ԭôһ¶Һܿʳһк֪⣺磬ѪɱûУ
ʱսЩĳɨһۣС˵¶ǻܣ֪һȻϵ飬ҲͲˣǲҪ˵ͺáѪǱ׽ˣˣûбɱ
һ㶣ɻѪ滵ΪʲôֱӸɱˣʡʲô󻼡
սɫǾ֪ˣѪΪߣаóıǶѪļѪⷽΪĸ֣û֮һڽɱˣǲǺпʡص㽫ѪѺϺ÷סȻʱ֮취


1034 Ĵ
ս˼ԣѪһֻڲɱѣΪħͷʮǿһˣܹΪ˼䡣
սָ˵һЩʡصĴ󲿷ѺѪˣصɨβ
Ҳ֪νѪ沢ʡֵˣһЩʮصĽʿ
չүүΪɵļλǰսҲ֪ģҸүͻ۾ʦĳ֣սȴֻ֪˵Ѫ汻֮һ˽Ƴʰо֣һȥ֮ɵˣƹ¯滹кܶϾɵĻҲ֪ôŪģһȫķѣܵǽ֮кܶССӲˮҲȫ֩һѺۣȺصҲ˳ȥ
ʱǸսŻҪҡ
ƹ¯ʱ򣬻СѪ̵ĻڣҲһϢʬ󲿷ֶսʲôģˡ
Ѫ̵ĻҲڴ˴ΣѪѪʥŮȻһһˣѪ̻һֲֻܴѪڵĿеõһЩõϢˣȡѪһ򾡡
ʵսιǿǵΣһö˶˵֮Ҳˡ
ͷϻкܶҪ˲СʱĹ⾰Ҵ뿪ˡ
һлһΣϸһЩ¡
չүүҸүҲܳסһֱȵѪǲ
֮ǰǱΣأŪþͱѪʥŮɱˡ
һΪЩϽĻͶء
Ȼһ϶ȥˣȴҸүͻеʦ۾ʦ֣û˵һۡ
ϸһ룬ǲҲвĵҸүѾ˵״̬ҪǰչүүҸүɽΪѪ飬ҸүԲٲֽǷǡ
Ѫ治ͬΪѪǸħͷΪҸү棬һ˾ͻβס
жͣ͵жĵѪȻϳǵĵֵļȮѪɺӣҸүҲҲסǣ
Ըٸ˴򽻵κιϵһҸүϱֵΪڴ󲿷ֵĽ˵Уڹٸ֮ԱǵģĳĴˡ
ʲôٸ˶ڽˣ߶Ǳһִѹ״̬һֱҪƿǿôƿزס
ļ죬һֱԺ֮ﶼûȥ
Сһֵ˲ٱˣոûãٴ˳֮С
ΪɵѪʥŮƵʮļƷӤ飬С˵Ǵ󲹵ҩ֮䱾ǿŻɲõͻͽġ
һֵҹĿ࿴ˡ
ЩչǸСʦ¶û¶֣ܰܵʶȻʮָȤ
˵ʵСѾͷͦϲģ龫ֲ˵ΪҲȻҲʮˮ顣
ؼǣǶǽŮ˴˶Աı£ù˼̫ࡣ
һֱиʼ޷ѡ
Ǿһֱ޷ȷһ飬֮󣬵׻ûлţϾһȦûҵʬ壬Ҫ˵ǱҰ޸ˣһ޷ܡ
Զ޷Ĩʹÿһʹĸо
飬ʼնĴ٣һʱ仹Щ޷Ůˡ
ߣСѾͷƬӱС꣬ĿǰϴҪǸʲôﻹЩⲻȥţ۲ݵɡ
֮ǰûĻ˵¶ͳˣ治С
СѾͷ˼ҲǿҲûеؾѾͷѹһֱദĵҲʮǢ
ЩҷֻһЩ̫ԾԵЩƲ֡
СϷ¶żָôأ⼸һֱУżļ䣬û֮ǰǰѵӡ
ʦ۾ʦһʼ˵̨ɽ۾ʦĵӣ治ţ׿ں۾ʦΪʦˡ
ŵӸҵӡһֱĴԿգϲӶʮֳȡ
Ȼ˵ĲЩٺУЩнŷŵӵͷҡײƭǮƣŮʱз
ĸߵ´ɮ۾ʦ㣬ΪǱУɮӡ
ܿ͸ȾƳ⣬컨ȴһʮִ͸ģϿ϶źܶҲ֪ܡ


1035 СŸŮ
һᣬҲʹУΪɶúǫ̃ɽţƫƫҪܳ⵶Ѫӣ
۾ʦ̨ɽס̨֣ɽϵĵλĸߣΪ۾ʦ״ӣ˵ų̂ɽӦöʦʦүĵλˣ̨ɽȻޣһǵҵһμе龰Ķ죬Բ¶ûϴӣǺĿԡ
ǻƺԸ飬ȴҲûзңֻ˵Եδˣ޷ĶţҪһٶʣбտڲˡ
һλиʦ֮˻Ǹıͦ࣬оû֮ǰˣҲһЩ
ұһЩƤˣЪϢ˼죬˿ڽ̵ʱסˣкͰչǣ뿪ڡ
кͰչܵһЩƻҪʮµĹ
֮ǰͻȻһ飬ϻѦС߸ҵһЩ˵ҩֱһЩǶˡ
ЩദһֱʮǢһ˵Ҫֱ𣬱˴˶Щᡣ
ǽŮҲòģһԺĻǣֻǲϲֵطѡ
˵ҪߣСѾͷЩˣСܲ˵ӡ
ʵҪ뿪ҲЩԭСѾͷ龫ֵģÿ춼ҪϷһŪڼֵǰΪΣҿסˣֱѾͷƬӵţп¡
ڻ治̸˵飬鷳˭ҿ̫˵þҪùҲܺ˼Сﲻǣ
ѾͷٲᣬҲɫҴҵ뿪ſڴһֱҰ迪ǼС̡
ղλ˼ҵһ㣬ĲˮһƽǴ֪ԼĶÿ춼ǹʲôһӣҲ
迴һȻʮָ˵ģæҳԷûУŸϽؼ
æ˵Թˣô鷳
û뵽ǣǰŸյС̣ûü£һ˵ʱŵһ¡
СŸ硭ԭ
һعͷȥһ㶵ĿվſڵѾͷѿڶ㡭ôҵģ
סˣҰҲ׷վѾͷһãȻ
ѾͷЩֵߵҵߣһѱסҵĸ첲Ǵ󷽵ĸҰһк尢̺ãСŸŮѡ
˵ţѾͷ̧ͷҾͼüŪۡ
һⶼ׷ˣֱӸҴһֲԲѵ˵ŮѣûӰӵ顣
ƺҲϴˡ
Ұ軥࿴һۣ϶ֳһεϲɫͣĳϴ
˵ӵ໹Ǽõģòȣһ򵥵β裬ƺһһɫȹܲʩ죬ҲԵഺһӡ
ⳤҰȻʮֻϲġ
һ£˹һѾסֵ֣춼ϲ£ˣش˵ѽѾͷ濡
˵ţ軹ͷһۣһ£Щֵ˵Сӣⶼʲôʱ飬ҲǰкҲǺú׼һ¡дδŵĶϱ
ҡҡ죬治֪˵Щɶˣ˵ʲôԣĲС
СѾͷƬҪ²̨
СѾͷƬôˣȻֱӡ
ѾͷͷٴγҵƤգգ۾ݣͻȻһʮ־µСӣֱ΢Ц˵̡μ棬С͸ļһ¡
˵ţǺӣóһӣӨ͸еƷȻû̫оöϵõġ
˵ֵʮģСѾͷʲô·־Ȼô£
ȻǿĵĲУæѵ⺢ӣˣʲôһμ棬Ӧǰ͸ǡ˵ţ㽫ϵĽֱָС
һҾ͸ˣָҰĶָ˼Ҷʮˣ˵͸ˣϱ˲ɣ
ߵߣɫ衭ָգҰġ
ܺӣԺ󻹲һˣʲôҵģˣզأֵһ۵
Ѿͷ۶ģæ˵̣̫ˣǹʱٸҰɡ


1036 ҵĸӢ
Ƴ£ûнǽָֻ˵ҲУǶʱָ͸Ҳһġ
ڼĲУС̶ˣ˵ҪæٷдδĶϱ
ڹŵʱֱӽһƫƧĵطЩõ˵ѾͷʲôңʲôʱŮˣһҰ赱ô죿
ȻѾͷȴͻȻװ˿ץҵĸ첲ȥһ˫ˮĴ۾ҵСŸ硭ұ뿪Цģû뵽浱ˣ㲻ҪòáԺˡ
ðɣǿͰ͵ӣһЩˣε̾ϢһӣЩ̫ʣ̫һЩСӣ˵ܾһʱ棬˻ʱͲΪˣ֪ʲôһصֲĴڣʱСҲʲô³ġҵӣҲѣŮѡ
ɫһС죬ʵΪʲôŮѣѵŮˣ
ȥǰЩҶ˵ˣʲôûȥ
һٴɫС治㿪Цٷȥȥģ治ʺ̸˵
ΪһصҵĻԲܳΪܾҵɣΪҲǸ߰ȫԱ˼Ҷ׷ˣ㻹ǲӣ˼ҵĶ͸ˡߣ
һͷһٴεҡͷ˵Ǿ仰ٷȥȥģСѾͷƬӣѧûҵأȥѧҵҡ
֪ѾͷȻ˼ٴαסҵĸ첲Ц˵СŸ磬ڲӦҵƱҲûйϵԺ϶Ӧģûˣˣ㻹ûлشҸղŵأ㵽ûŮѣ
ǰйһѾȥˡ˦һĸ첲ȴһצƵĲңȻû˦
˵֮ѾͷͻȻСֹһ䣺ǼһûƭҡСŸûŮѡ
ɶһͷһ֪˵©죬æҡͷûҸղʲôû˵
޵ûСӾȻң治塣
Ѿͷûˣʵ㲻˵ڻϴѧΪʲôȥϿΣѧУ𣿡
硭㶮ʲôз٣˼ڼںòãѾͷһҵ
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أôһŮߣӦøо˲ǣѧУһȺ˧ΧתҶϧĴû¶͵ְ㡣Ц
Ǹ㲻ЩСѾͷﶼɶҾ벻ˣǾͼһѣҵĵطˣңҸûУε
ҵĵطˣǽϵĸӢۣɱһص㻹Ǹʬҵĺˣѧؼ컹һΪвУ
һ£ٴγһЦ˵ʵ㳤Ҳ˧Ҿϲ˧磬ζ֪𣬲Щڣž˷
ôһ˵ŷôŵ㡣
˵ôһѾͷҲôһ¶ұ뽫֧߲УϻЩҪء
һ·˵Ҿͻص˼ĸѾ˾Ʋˣء
Ѿͷʱ˦ңڳæȻһϱľֵĺϲ£졣
æԼķ䣬չһ绰ȥ֮ǰǸԺʱ֮䶼ǻ˵绰ġ
绰һͨҾǺһٱԹղŷչ˵һ顣
û˵꣬չͻб㶼ЦȻҲǱСѾͷľٶˡ
׷Ҳģֱ˼ˣһ˵˼δŵϱ˭ܽܵˣ
Ƕ˼һ˵ʹ˰ɣӳҲҲͦõģ׷㣬Ǻø
ҶʱͼˣðչϽ취֧ߣмܲסˣǰչȴ˵۱ʦ㣬ܲţҲҹܣҲǸһ㣬ʶû죬һ죬Ҳ˵ϻ֮ͱʾΪ
Ȼ˭ܸ㶨СŮһ˼Ͻ߰ɡ
չ˵еУֺүүҲϵϰ


1037 ҹζ
ã绰Ҳǰ״򣬰չҲѾͷһ취ûС
һҼǵϴѾͷֵʱǸչʦͽܵһֵģô˵ҲĴʦ֣˵á
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չЩε˵¶˵ˣʱ򣬵ʦ־ѾȥҴʦˣҵʦֲֻҲϵϡ
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˵⻰ʱ򣬰չСӻһ
ͶϺˣ˵ͨļͥһҲòôصĶǼһһʱҡ
޼ƿʩʱͻȻ䣬űһ¸ƿˣһѲ˵˽æֻ
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СѾͷƬӳΨһףЦ˵СŸ磬ǶѾˣʲôŰϣǾһ˯ˡ
Ϲ˵¶ûû¶ȳȥһҪ·ءû˵
Ҳûɶ¶Էˣ׼һ°ɡЦ˵
֪ˣȳȥɣ滻·ҵ
㻻ˣֲʲô¶ѾͷЦ˵
Ҷ˵ֱӾͽ¸ˣ¶˲˿ڵ⼸һ⣬ȻֱĿ
ʱ£ϾЩ΢΢ˡ
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ҳѾͷٺһЦֱӽ˫ַ˿ϣ͵һקһ㻹Ѱå
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ҺٺһЦ߹ȥţСѾͷ棬ҲһϽ
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Ұֽҽе̨ϣ˵ЩҪ˵
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ҸɿһҰֵĻ֣¶żٻҸոʶûã˴֮仹Ϥ
Ұ۾һɣ˵ʲôȣ֪СӶ𣿸һĺӶܴˡ
ӣСǲûҲż˵ˣѾͷѧĿǰϴҲġ
ɶҰһѾͷզôСѧôʶġ
һãôʶˣ˼ڻϴѧôһ¶˵ǲǣҵһڣ˵
ϰֵ˵ͷ˼˵ҲǸ⣬־ҹζ࣬Ͻ췹뵱Ҹ衭
ͣϰ֣׶˵¶𣿡Ƶ
ҰָЦһû˵
ʱ趼ʰˣҿ˸˵ɫˣҪϽȥ
˵Щʲôûüſڣ㱻һסȥ
ѾͷǱųģҪҼﲻߡ
ҲΣǸߣҲû
һ·߳С˴·ϣȻôģҪȻҴȥƺЩˣ˵ãԼġ
˵ţһ·ߣһֿڣǼС̲Զĵطҿһɫܳž˽ȥ
ܳҲ֪ɶӣһֵǮָŮҵЩˣøǸ롣
ڳ۾ͻȻˮģһҪ޵ģͻȻСŸ硭ǲǺң


1038 һ
ҿʵΪʲôô룿
ΪһֱҰԴǼңһֱҺɫճ극ҪߣǺҡС
㻹̫ˣ㻹ﲻĳ̶ȣΪǱˣ϶Ūˡ֮Զ㣬ֻǾͻСԴһȣЩ嶯Ǻʶʱ䲢ôǲǾЩ̫ˣҾӦûȥú룬ǲǱôһǧ𣬶ֻһũСӣŲԵģʲôýͬ⣬㸸ĸǱ߿϶Ҳͬ⣬ԣ֮Ͳܣһһ
û뵽һ˵СѾͷͻȻڡһˣһĵĿң۾ֱðСǡ
ұһЦŪˣɻ˵ʲô𣿡
СŸ磬ҷԽԽϲˣ˵զ죿ͻȻ˵
ôˣƵ
ô˵˵һеĺ˰Ϊ룬Ҹղ˵Ǿ仰ĺð֪𣿷ˣ϶Ūˣ⻰˵ţСѾͷͻȻ˴Ĵָ˵
˵ֱǶţ٣ǲص㣬Ҳø˵ˣֱӻ˻֣˵ðɣ߰ɣɶҲ˵ˣϽȥѧɶ¶Ժ˵
СŸ磬ȵȡͻȻӳЩеغ
һعͷȥ˵ɶ¶
Ҿһ仰ѵһϲ𣿡ϣʵ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷ˵ûаͦϲģô龫֣ôƯǸˣӦϲʽģأϲҪ֮ǰʲôҵ˼ӦöҾʲô飬ҲҪһ˴˽Ḷ́һҷǽܲˡ
¶һЦݣرÿСѣһ˲䣬ҾЩ㱣ҲСѡ
СŸ磬ҶˡԺ;㣬һҵġ
𰡣ĴƯҪ߸һСβͣʲô鶼Ųһ㶼ʮΣա
ֱӾܾģ˵ʲôǵ˵ͷתˡ
ֻǸûͻȻһرѽС椳Ŀ԰㿴Ǵȣһ꣬ߣȥСġ
һҵĽŲΪ֮һ٣Ҳ֪Ѿͷ̫ˣŴ綼ʮʱ֣һǧʺͳ඼һĸ˿ƶö࿴ۣվһķ羰ߣǲŹ֡
ǱصСåˡ
Ҳģģһܴʮ
ߣǹʹȴվ֪ᷢЩʲô
תͷȥʱ򣬷ּСᣬλƵľͳ˹ȥһ糤һͷͷƤмļһĴյߣ˵ŮԼһվɶأߣȥһɣȥӰô
椵·ôס
ð磬еأҲҡСһһʮίģ
ȥСѾͷʲô۶ӣڸĥ뷨
ǳһʱ˵춼ˣһ־ͳļȥȴ߰ɣʲôء
һΣ׾ٵľͶȥǳе֣תָҵҸ߿԰Ҫͬͬ⣬ҪǸߣһǡ
ȥء
Ļһ˵꣬ǼСåЩĿңǳɨһֱۣӳ˹һʮӣָҵı˵ʶȤĸϽҹҪȻӴ㣡
˵궼ûиҶô˵ˣûеʱҲû˸ָҵıộ
ǳеָջȥһץסָͷ͵һֻáǰɡһǳеָͷֱӱҸˣǳʱһĲҽС
ļһһͳ߱˹һһֱһѵɵ
ǿҵߣֱһſڣһ
һƽף
ǼһﶼûпңŵĻһȫͣһ鶼ޱȴ㵣ǵɵļһǽӶ˵ϡ
⼸еԼ֪ж٣һǿɱһչֳͨ߶ס˵⼸Сåˡ


1139 ȹկ
ǼСå㵵ĿյϵƲһĪѹ˲סǣֹƬ̣иСģֱӱȻɱŵ˿ӡ
ÿϱԴÿ˵ǿһսɳĽһͨϵƾԲһҳԼ˵ɱ˶ˣҿȫ϶ҾûдɱһˣɱԽ࣬ϵɷԽأƽʱʱܹѹסɺ˵ɱһչֳͨ˵һجΡ
ǻ֣ᷢվǰĲһ׸һֻſѪڣʱɱ˳ͻ
ɱ˵֮£ǼСåһ߶µתͷܣǸָͷļһҲգۼܵûӰ
Щ֮ٴξ˴Ĵָ˵СŸ磬ղźðֱ˧ĵ㻹ǹҵģҪȻˡ
Ͻ߰ɣ첻ˡҵ˵һ䣬תˡ
ߵҼСſڻͷȥʱСѾͷŻ˻֣һǹɫ֮ܳоȥ
㳵ŮѾͷδҲ̫ҡһЩ
Һ֮֮ûмȥ֮ݲͬĸǸ߹٣ֻһµСӣһС
һΣǷͬ죬ϵ³һƬķز̣˲ֽҵȥ
˵ʲôɣҲֻ˵ݲ̫Ļϣʮãġ
֪֮ԼʲôݣŮӣûǲҪʲô죬ϣԽʧԽ
ѾܹһοԲͬĵطٵΡ
ѾͷȻҲһߣĸ϶ָѾͷл췹ԣʱڽƯϦһεεСңԺȻҪԺܶͷ¶ô붼Щס
һ·ţͻص˼֮Ҹĸ˶ԴȴſҺ֮飬Щͷö
Ұ̸ֲˣҵ֮Уһ͵СţСѾͷ㿴ˣ˿϶ûĿֶ¶Ҫƨɴ󣬺ȢѾͷԺ϶һֶӣɵűء
һ˵ϲ˵ֱħ䡣
վһ仰Ҳ˵ֻӦֵղأҲ˵ˣ⺢ӻѧҲûɶϵҪٵ꣬ѾͷһҵǸϽľȰ֤ˡ
˼ٸ˵һСʱüɫ裬ͦϲѾͷ
ǣȴ˽ڵĴҲܻ˵ͽǵĵġ
֮ͻȻоͰ
ڶһ磬֮㿪ĽҰ콣ȥˣѾͷҹ飬Ҳûȴ˵ѾͷСæһӾͺ˺ܶ࣬Ŷ̤ˡ
ȥСѾͷ治һĴ
û뵽һŮִֻ
һؼҺĵһϣڵȵڽӵĵ绰飬Ԭ϶ǰ첻ˣΪӵ˽ǣС¹ƺͻƤ飬ʮϣġ
ǽһ͸ҿ˼䣬ŵүڰ飬һѾüĿˣ¹ƵǸѾȷ
ʲô·ЩȲʵ
¹ƵǸ置˹ɽȵʦϪӣڵǸկӽկһϲϵկӣկ˹Ը⻨ϪկĴ˾ƶ֮置ֶָ֮ʮֲֿկ˴඼ʹùƶ֮ǰկ֣ǸկٿһСϪԭСϪկģֻկ̫ݣκβͨկͬҿկӵˣڷԽϵ˶ǸկӱȹŹػҪֲԾ͸һկͷ
ôȷϪžǸС¹ƵǸʦأСĵʵ
ԭһ£ڴʡһƫԶɽģСӽк࣬סǸӸկ಻ǺԶկ΢ܳһЩϵСӾͨϵǹկĻϪϵˣ˹կһʣʵҲûɶһЩʳνʲôģͽǻϪӸˡ
Ҳ֪ǸկկӣȱľЩҵ˺౾˲ȷġӽ͵


1140 ڵĻ
Ӧһŷ
Ƭֵ̣ô˵կǸƲӣ϶˲ˣΪʲôû˹һܣ
ӺٺһЦ˵ιҵľү¶˭ôҹܣ׹֮Ŷǧ꣬ûκΰ취ǸկӷԲ֮ڶǸֹƶ˵ˣû֪ȥͱųڹկǸطԲʮﶼҰȻ˵дè˽룬ֻҪկ˲ˣǹԼģôھôڣһկЩֲĹʦˣ΢ֽţ˿ɲһ˭ͱǸѣ˵ǲǣ
ôһ˵мֵկһܲǵĽɫҪǻϪӵ鷳ҲǸ׵顣
ǻϪΪŰССŮҲǻϪӵϣһ뵽СŮǸ״Ŀ
΢һǱֵүҴҪҿ¶˰ɣѲڻĺúõôկ˵ϵ˲ǣǹٸҲûа취ƶɲģţȵĸ֣һ˹ƶ֪ôģƵ˶̫аŸĵס˵ǲأ
ӦһûֱӻشӵĻʵܼңɶƤüĿûУ
һ˵¶Ӳ̾ϢһүЩ鷳ڲϳֻⶫ˭ȷûУѾϢֻҪһŶҿ϶һϵż
¶ұʾʮ⣬еĻ˵һⶫûУҲǿѡ
ڰǿڽϣ壬Ҳ˵ʲôϾҲûǮ
ֺ䣬һ׼ҵ绰ʱ򣬽ͻȻٺЦү˵ְһ¶
һ㶣ɶ¶ûôš
үͲҪǫˣڶѾˣ˵ǰ죬Ѫ̵ǸħͷѪ汻˸Ūˣ¶үҲв룬һѪĵѪʥŮ֡ӺٺЦ
а㣬ϢǹͨġЦ
ǣҲǸɶģʵ˵˰ɣص飬ҲڵˣûЩֶΣҲ첻죬¶ǿǵĽϣҲŸү˵ģүɲҪ˵
ģҵͿءѪ汻Ūûʲôϵҹȥһ͵ģŪѪ˼Ϊɵļ֡ҽ͵
үĪҪ˵ЦΪǼϼһȻڽ֮Ҳŵĸ֣ҪŪѪľ֣ǵʦΪ˳涼㲻϶Ķó֣˵һλ˻үٺ١
˵;˵˱Ҹүģص鶼ڵߣҸүֵ϶סڵġ
ͱһЩ˵ܼңЩ˵Щɲ˵Ҽλǲ֪ٵģ֪
үģ¶ҶԺڻҪүչأˣǻƤһϵģĪҪżҾͲžүˡӺٺЦ
ν磬֮Ըʽ飬ԲֻΪҸ˵ԭڳ֮ϣүүص黪Ŀӣڽ֮ϣҸүǼʮǰϵµһ֡
£ңЩԭ϶
Ӵ󣬵Ҳܲһֱ˳˳ˮһи̵һ죬Ҫ˵Ҳһѣô˵ȥ
ڵĻ
ţָӺ͹ҵ˵绰
Сɳϣô㶨⻨ϪӵʱͻȻ绰һǽӴġ
һ㶣ղѵʲôû˵
һԥֽ绰绰һͨͻȻ˾үղһǸ˵ˣϴǼʱҼǵһ֮СѾʮָˣһС飬֪ү벻
֪Ӻ«ʲôҩʵܼңǶˣ㻹ʲôӣǲۣһ٣ҿɸ㣬ҿҪ̫Ǯò
ӺǺһЦ˵үǺأʲôϵ̸Ǯ̫ˣҾһ飬벻СС


1141 ʬ
Ǳ˵ĻֻǿЦôܣ
ڵĽ˵ǾͲһˣڵϢͨʲôϡŹֵǶܴ˵С˵Ļᡣ
Ƭ̣Щ˵ܼңûڸҿЦɣ
ү¶ôҸЦȷ¶¶ֻһ޹ؽҪ飬ҲʲôǮ͸顣ӺٺЦ
Ͻ˵ҼСָܻСлҼ
үĶ죬ǲҪڿ㮔ڣǶɧģǿɲհӹЦ
ҳôһ¶Ͻ˵˵Ҽ
ˣͲү˵ЦˣȻô֪Ҿ͸˵˵󻰿˵ǰͷСҪˣ֮ǰеĵжḶ֮һ棬һСˣҪ
¶붼룬Сһֱ׹ŮһţȻΪܸĪİŴξҵ
ǣСܹˣ֮£ܹСһȻֻϲġ
֮䣬˺͹ĹϵӦ˵ˣȻϣһжá
Ҳ˽ΪΪһĪİͰ˵Ȩ
ⶼ¶㵹Ǹ˵˵СȾܹСӡҵ
ģһɢʿʱɽ«ѿɽһСӣصһũ帾Ůһԣũ帾Ůһ̥Ƚ⣬Ķ¯֮⺢עһزۣ֮ڣеߵĹ︽ϣɽʬ꣬ΪˣɢʿϢ֮󣬱ָܵһǮڶ鲻̫ȤֻʿʮǮ㽫ˡ
һ£ӽֵүҲ֪һĸߵĹǿǿʮ߼ʮıĸˣⲻǿЦ𣿱뽫ʿߣҵʱ˸ۣžүãͻʮǮ¶㶨ˣû뵽үĸȤûģ¶ҪǰˣҺȶٴƱɡ
ôһ˵жʱĲУڱܼңҾǸõϢ¶Ҫǰˣһٴƿ޷Ҷĸм֮飬ҵúúлл㣬ôŰɣﻹһ֮ǰǿҪʮ͸ˡ
һʱ˵ˣšүûҿЦɣ
㿪Цǰ¶øұܣ֪ϢҪȻëûġ
үܷģ¶Ҿ͸һˣ˭û˵֪һҪһǿǼֵǵĶʱͱޱ֣
¶һЩ̫ģʵܼңȷũ̥Ƕ¯֮ʬɲģмʲôҼСŪһɢҿҪ㷭
үģʿȻҵĴˣڽҲЩͷģ˾Բۣƭڣ治ˡӵ
侲һ£¶Щ֣˵ȻǺǶ¯֮죬ǸũҪ޶ʬ˼Ҳͬզ죬ܲɣ
ӺٺһЦ˵үܷģũѾ̽ˣĺӲϹģϹ򹤣һ඼ûлؼˣũһͷĺӱͷģũ˺ӶôҳţҲûȥҽԺǵȺֱ֮ӸˣҪͲøء
⻰һ˵ʱҿ˲٣¶кܴĿԡ
ȻҾʽũĺӵкŮȴ˵¶ʿûи˵Ƶ֪
ôͿЦˣһŮһũһզ죿
Ҿ¶һܸСһС
ҾһũԼʱ䣬ԼסȷλãһһҴˣһεĸӱʮл⣬͹ҵ˵绰
ǹկϪӵ飬Ѿ˾⡣
ܹȽʬ֮أһ뵽Сܹ֮£ܹСһѧˣ;ͦ
Ҿһ˻첻νʬ¶Ҳ̫ΪĴˣӦ÷ǳ˽ǡ


1142 
û룬һ֮پȻһæ
¿еæˣֻҪһСܹСһҾ͸оԺ⡣
ǻһͦ˷ģҸθͣͻȻһСŮ飬ң
ܹ͵Ҳ֪һЩҵүүܹҳ֤ѾͷԲҵ˽Ů
˿ЩδЩΪʱˣҪôǸӵж¯֮СŪ֡
ǽ˵ǰ㣬޶ͷĺӣ޲ýǺӸˣһжð죬ǽҪǣֻҪϸ߿϶һȲƵıģ̫òһܻ׾ٵġ
ǲ޶Ҳϵһ⣬໴СӤ˵þͺݲǸˡ
˵ǾֻܵСӤ֮ٳҪӤʬΣҲһСӤС
˵ⶦ¯֮Ӥھĸ˵һôûеģһߵĹǶ¯֮Ӥ꣬ʮʮǹĹͰ׷ˣ˶ԼĹи顣
ǾãЩ͹ֻԼԶԵеһְˣΪ飬ǳֺãɵӲŻô
ҸԸǸɵӣֻҪܱС
Ӹ˵ũ֮ϾͻǶ¯̥֮ҵʱʮֳԣȫһ׼
鲢ҲҪʲôİ֡
кͰչ嶼ҲȥĸһȥòˣҲǵӦ֡
ֲȥܣҲôĳ棬Һ˾ӡ
һ¶ҶЩ˯ˣڴշת࣬ҹʱҲ¶¶øȺúùͨһ²ǡ
ǰЩʱѪʥŮǸƷӤ飬׶Σ϶ǳҵǿͨʶǿܹһ£һ
¶ǰҰ첻ΪҲǿܹȽиεĽˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ͸Ǭ˱֮еȡϵʬ¶ȼ򵥵˵һ¡
ѾͷСӣһ˵ܹʬ꣬Сʱ㼤ĲУ붼ûʹӦ
ȻҾһкܲܽܣҲ˵Ƚʬ֮Ӵ˾һкӵˡ
СѾͷ仹СûԱ֣֮ǴС͸кӵϰԣ˵ܹ߹
ֻǼˣ˵кŮֻҪܸСһܽܡ
Ȼ˵Ҿûɶ֮ˣֱӿǡ
ʲô飬ҪĴ㣬ǲɹȾͻüУƷӤ飬üܰ;ϡ
ܹʬ꣬ʱٷƷӤҲ
һҶˣȱСӣȫУϾʬ֮󣬻Լʶӻеģò˼꣬ƱСɡ
ɫ̫ҵϵʽĵ绰ڴȥʣһϵ
һģҸ޷ߣڴ
ֱڶ֮ҲŲͨɼĵ绰ӵ绰һŮˣоиʮ꣬Ӧɵϱ
Ůᣬ˭˵ɣ
һ˵ɵϱ˵֮ǰȴ˵ĿǰڼңȥЩˡ
˵ҲЩˣûϵɵķ
˵Уһʱϵϣ֮ǰ϶һ𸴵ģʱɿ϶ظϵûлӦĻٴĵ绰
ҺܿĻӦ˼ǲɩӣҲӦ
ɼҵĵ绰֪Ҳܸ࣬ңҵˡ
ɩϵҾͲö֪ˣ˵ʲôķţΨһľֻĵȴ
Ҳģʱʮֿԣ
ż¶ҽ쵹ûȥУѾͷҵ˼緹ҶȥеҲûᣬֵЩ֣ʳŵ֮ˣȥС̸Ұæ
Ѿͷ龫ֵģ֪ڸʲô۶ӡ
ڼһֱȵӣڽӵɴĵ绰һ绰һʲô顣
ұ򵥵ĸ˵һҪʬ飬ɳƬ̣ҵ졣


1143 ˮ
֮ũ֮ʱǵһ죬Ҳ˵ǻʱ䣬ҵ죬ʣµľֻһʱˡ
ȻȣһжüѹӤĴء
Ƭ̣ұӦһ֮Ҫʲô顣
Ҳң˵ԥϴһ飬ЩӣԻҪʱ䣬Ȼ費Ҫҹȥæȴ˵ãֻһЩķҪĻƣòĸֹɱɱ
ˣǶ˱㶨ҶһҪʱһԼ͵ȥɽ«ѿɽСȵ鵢鲻á
ʾҿģ˵òͷϵͻᴦ꣬ʱһǰ֪ͨҡ
һɱҴҵĹҵ˵绰ͷϵ鵱Щż
ʣµ죬ȫһֿܵ״̬
һֱŸδ飬Сȹ渽Ӥʬ֮ϣʬˣ֮ǰָȱʶ
֮ǰҾҪһ̰֣¶ҲûľЩͷۡ
¶赹ǿ԰Ҵӣ²֪θͣǿ϶ΪŪһ˽ӡ
仧¶ǲ̫ģս绰ƾܹ㶨
ãһǸһ㣬ͰС
Щÿ춼ᰴʱҼСﱨҰæС̵⣬Դ֮ҼС̵̫࣬Щæˡ
ʵҸҰ迪һСֻʱ䣬Ϊ׬ǮҴС㣬Ҿ͸оЩˣҲǳһƬġ
ȥչҰģܶ඼صˣص˴Ҷʶսǰ͸Ҵһ绰֮ǰǼģʡصǸԺ֮УҲʲôݣǲˡ
Ҳ֪ôͣ¶Щӣ첻˵˼䣬ҪɻȥսСȴǲģҪɰʵף˵ҪѾͷû˼Ļصв˿ѾͷһĦȭƶҪȥ׷ء
ܹ׷ѾͷãȻûʲô
Ѿͷܿ㿪ѧЩ¼ˡ
ʱһζҸԼʱĵҹɸҴһ绰˵糿ӵʱҹȥ𳵹ġ
˻Ǻܿ׵ģԼӦһ˵û⣬һȥ׼ʱ
ȻҾ͸ٴʶһ£˵ʬܿҪʼˣҲи׼
ȻǸ˲ѣ˵׼׵ˡ
ʱٽһЩ˯ˣǶһǶ˵һ顣
ܹȥõ»뻹Щ˼顣
УұУԴ˴ʱ䣬һӣýҸѡ
£һеʱܻʱر죬һգ۵ĹӾˡ
æߵ¥£˳ӣֱӿ˻վ
ڻվĸʮӵĹ⾰Ϳӻվӿ˳
ɻǺܺϵģһõĵۣԴϻһ٣Ⱥһ㡣
Ⱥֻɨһۣϳæȥһк
ʱŷֱһлӵģģƺһȦ
ǲŶûֱӣɶأʵ
ҡҡͷ˵һѾϽģҸȳԵ˵ҶһûԷˡ
ֻҪһҾû飬ҪԵġ
վĹӲ٣ұһӣһӲˡ
˵ĹûУһͿԣǷƣ̻ʣʮӵĹ⾰һӾƲ˱һɨգ׷Ŵһã˵Աˡ
Ļ࣬עһӵ룬ʳ׬ǮԲڶ죬ǵĹһǶġ
ɳԱ֮󣬲ŵˣǰȥһԥϵСӣﱻһаŵķˮ֣ﲻʲôаռԩ꣬аϷǸķˮ֣ž߸ˡΪʡ𳵵ǮϷûԡ
α겻αֻ˷ˮ֣˿϶ٲһⲻϹæ𣿡Һ
ıǣ¶ףǷˮֵ۱Ϸȫƻˣ޷Ūһ¾Ͳˣ˵Ľʬ¶ʲô


1144 Ѿ
ʱȻڵ绰йͨ£û˵̫ϸϸϸĽڽӸ˵Ǽ˵һ顣
֮󣬳Ĭ˺һŵСţô㣬϶ǵĿģν޹»㻹ǸҪСڲǡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Ȼﶼֻӵж¯֮Ӥܲܽʬ꣬Ҫѯһ£ⷽȽϾֻͨһ⺺ˡ
¯֮еһ֣Ϊֵļʼǧ֮һж¯֮Ӥ֣СӾǼ񵽱ˣϷ֪ӵж¯Сһ㶼زۣӵӤǼһЩ޺ģһֽݾѵûи㣬лյ𣿡ɵ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУӲûи˵ⶦ¯֮СӤҲ̫˽ɡ
һûɶģũӤĵطʲôĹ޻֣㹻ĻǿԽʬģϣǲҲգ¶˵Ҳ״ǹȥ˵ҳԱˣ߰ɡֵ
ϣΣ˾ƲǮһ˳
ʱҾѾͣҺֱӾ˸١
ɽԼһǧ·̣糿ߵӳ֮ǰӦܹϵǸطʱ仹ЩЩ
һ˸٣ұ㽫ӿķɿ죬ɲ֪ǲһû˯ֱڸʻϾ˯ˡ
һֱĵӣǱ㵽˽ȻҾͰսӸҵĵַһ·˹ȥ
򣬽ֵƫԶɽһֱɫڵʱǲŵ«ѿɽʮһƬɽҰ֮С
ߵӱ㲻ˣΪǰȫ᫵ɽ·ҽɣ·ֻܿ˲С
֮󣬾ӣһ糿Ȼ֮ɫ۾ķŹ⡣
³֮Ƕ˸طӸ㳯ǸұĴӿ첽С
һ·ǰ߰ɽ·ЩСЩɽǻṩǵ׼׼ȷˣɢʿֵܵط
Ҳˣһй·ɽ֣ϵ̫еĵط
ţɫѾȫǴӻ·ʱһֱߵɱͻȻЩӣͻȻ˵СţҺŵһӵѪζƮɢڿ֮Уʲôʰɣ
ôһѣҲͣ˽Ųϸһ£˵һ㣬֮ȷʵһɵѪζš
ǰ㵽ұˣǹȥ˵ͻȻһֲõԤС
Ȼⶦ¯֮˵ͬߣû̫ãҲ˵ûиһ뷨߹ñ˸ȵˣǲ鷳ˡ
ǰ˼׵·̣ΧͻȻһããҸоЩ̫Ծˡ
ͷһ۵ʱ򣬷ͻȻͣϵ̸˳Ҳ쿴һޱص˵СţҪǰˣѾˣϷûпĻط˶ֽţóһھ֮ˡ
˵кȻͷʵϸ磬ʲôǣ
ɱȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫ҶڷжǺǿģȻⷨõĵˮ©Ʋʲô߳һܹ˴һЩ쳣
˵ɶһ£СţҾпܱӸˣǸʮĸ֣ȻУϷ跨ӳȥ˷λãϷɾûаˡ
ôܣмӸƭңǻˣҿǾȹЩŵ˵
ˣˣߣֻҪǮʣʲôҳ˵ڵ˸һص˺أҲǲ²⣬ˣ뿪üǰϷ޷ƿˡ
ɵĻ־ɣôܻأҸڵĹϵȹǵһ£ǾýӲô
ҪǣһߣСȽʬˡ
׼ôãûǸӾͰ;ϣҾԲܽܡ
˼Ƭ̣ұɵ磬ҾýӲƭңҲпҲҪǶ¯֮СӤģڴ˹ʲҪǰ߿


1145 ȫ
ɾĻһֿۣһϵ̣˵ҲգϷӣĿǰ˵Ϸֻ֪һʮķ󣬵Ǿȴ֪ʲôҲʮֺĺܣʶһ£ûҵĻСҲ߲ģǾǰߡ
˵һ٣ֵ֮ⷨߣգһ˲ʰĵز͵ҵģڴ˾Ū档
ģ¶ҾԲŵġҵ
Ӧһҵǰ棬ǰ·ҽĺಽ
룬үģǵùΪ¶ɾܽأ֪һȴ˸ȵˣǻһ
˵ӿҵ飬ҾòףɻЩɼڶ˵һлͦܵģҶжǲڿңһһŻȥڿ϶ҪԲ˶ߣǼǲңǿ϶Ҹү
Դӳʲô鶼û̫˳ʱ
ߵĺÿǰһ·ͣһһȦʮֽţŪҲЩġ
Ҳûоʲô̫ԵĵطܳһƬãã֮⣬ûʲô쳣ֻǵһơ
Һǰ˴Լм׵ľʱͻȻҾ;ò̫ˣͻȻĵһ磬ǵǰɫСͻȻƽض𣬹ЮǰɫǺɫԽתԽ죬ֱӵסǵȥ·
Һȫͣס˽ŲǼɫС
֮ǺɫͻȻ̲ˣƮӰӱʮ֮ĵطһŰš
ЩӰӵʵȫǣ΢΢š
һһĻĳ˳ɵǰ档
ǼӰתͷȻ
һЩӰҺɶһ
꣬ⳡЩ̫ˣ⼸ӰԶǹ֮ǰģֻ̫һЩһѪ۾ӺͶȫ˸ѪģһƬµǣǵĸҲʿˣһߣǱʿĸʳѪ˳ǵ·һ·䡣
иﳶԼĳӲϵȥ
ڸоǵĴ֮ЩĽŲͻȻӿ죬ֽžͳ˹
ĲҵģûôҵģҺһ֮£ӦԵİ취ǰһָջһշ䣬Ĭһа뷣
ϣǵշ䱻ָǰһƣ˸һâЩ˹Ķȥ
µһܿ챻ǵշײһţշײǹ֮У϶ʱðһỤ̋˲䵹أʹ
ұΪһշȥЩﵹһƬû뵽ֻסһҵ֮⣬Щﻹ׵ĺء
СܹڳͺˣЩǶ˵󲹵Ķһȫȥ
СƷӤ飬޷ֻˡ
ĹԽԽ˽꣬Ǭ˱֮ͭǮָѪͿĨͭǮ֮ϡ
ҵĴ֮ѪͭǮɱͭǮһմȾҵѪһâһ̣ͭǮ㱻׵ͷ֮ϣͭǮɣ̷ɢ˼ʮöͭǮٵķʮͭǮ߰˸Ȼ¡
ЩͭǮͭǮЩϴеĹŲΪ֮һ٣ϰڣĲҽУǾȻûлɢ
ЩﻹǿĿԡ
кȻ˷ʬߣӭЩҽеĹ˹ȥ
ʬĩ˵Сҵ˸˼£һ˼£Ƿʬ߱ĪЩڲҽеĹһȫ˷ʬ֮С
һЩЩĻصɵߣµʵЩʲôǾ򡣡
ɵıصĶγˮˣһ˵СţҾǰǸûҪȥˣǸ˹ȫˣ
һ㶣ʵô֪
ղҲˣЩװ綼һЩͨĴǶһĥģȻõ˼űŵ֮У䵱飬ûв´Ļ֮ⷨ뻹оʮһ·ɱȥûκ塣˵


1146 ٹʲx
ϸ磬˼ǣѾ˵ұȫɱˣȻһ󣬽ﱻɱЩ˵ĻǼŵ֮ⷨУΪʲôأЩŵʵ
⻹򵥣Ƕ¯֮Ӥʬ֮꣬Բһ󣬾Ϊһֹ˽뵽ұ飬ҪľˣЩҲǹĺģҲСĽĿԣӵж¯֮ӤڱصãΪܹɹϧ˶¾ʵ˷ָԣЩյ˵
ϸ硭ô˵ұĸӦòܹһɱôˣ˿϶ģڸô죿
Ҳû⣬Լһ˵Ҳ޷ΪСȫԻĳȥ˼ɾǹҰæģҲȥ
˵ˣ޷Ƕ¯֮ӤСȽʬ꣬ȴҲҪұ׷ʲôҪȻʵЩġ
ɳƬ̣ܿһۣ˵ϷûпĻұΧõķӦýٹʲxһʮȱµķҪһٸԩ䣬䵱飬֮ⷨУЩԩԹᱻŴʮͨȼķʽʮǿ󣬵ǰٹʲxֻܼһޣ̫֮֮ⷨڵһٸ궼ɢ
Ҳ˵ڽϣЩһͨǶ¯֮Ӥʬ꣬ǺӻŰҼ˵
˶ɱںһССӤЩ˵·аŵĺܣǻСһĺã˶ɱ⣬ǿ϶ɱ񣬷ɱǾͲҪ˰ɣɿЩˡ
ԥƬ̣ɵϸ磬¶ȷʵգܹҪʬǸӦͷСǶ¯֮ӤҲȥʲôˣ߰ɣԭ·أڳңһۣǸоԣܿ۷ȥ㣬Ȼ绰֪ͨص˹ô£Ⱥ࣬Բǵóѡ
ĻϷ򻹲ȥһۣⷨ㲻ϤҲ֪β߳ȥϷ򻹶Щŵ˵ܹóٹʲx˾ԲǸ򵥽ɫڲ貢֮£Ҳ뿴˵ʲô·˼˵
ȻˣǾûɶ˵ˣٴǰ··ʲôħֳҽĸɸɾǡ
һ·ķΧ֮ڣ˵һٸڷ֮С
Һһ̤֮ⷨУͱʸ֮ģܿǰٹ
Ҳ㲻
Ҫһ·ɱȥ֪Ҫȵ¡
ǰ·һ֮е飬״һһңøֶθˣڵȻҲ˲١
Ҫôһ·ɱȥһٸ飬ƵߵұѾûӰǻʲô
뵽ҾЩżˣûʲôѸݵķӣܹܿ
Ƭ̣еУʤޣһ·ָܹȥڷ֮ҲܹҵڣܹٵҵڣһܿٵĵΪ֮ⷨе̫ףһֱŵأЩ˲õΪ˲סĸֵģƾߵΪЩҪĺܶʱ䣬һǾ͸׵֡
ҳƬ̣һһ취ɵϸ磬··ʣµ㶼ùܣñá
ɿһۣ˵ܸ㶨
û⡣г˵
ɻѡңһɫķһΣĬصһָֽȥ̫Ͼ
˵գǵɫķɵֶȻһ޻ȼǲûڵϣǳԶƮ˹ȥ
ɫһƮߣɱЩżĸ˵ŷһǾҲˡ
˵ţɾסҵ֣ٵĸȼյɫȥ
׷ɫͬʱֽǬ˱֮Уʦָ
һþûиҳˣҲǳһ½ǵʱˡ
ʦһҾͳɫķ˹ȥ
ʦڵϹһȦ˻Դ߿һۣ֪ʲôţʦ߾ͳɫУ


1147 ·
ʦҾͲýˣеޣĲϵڳĻЩΪηĶ
ǼĹʦֵʱСһﵱͷӦ˹˲Լȫ
ЩȫƾоĶǶֱȥǻɵ
ⷽԲһصķΧ֮ڣҺɾûʲôˡ
ʦֿɲǸƲһܵЩвϵ˲ڶЩոյʦֵߣ㱻֮մȾҽһûü˲ͻҷ𣬻ɢȥ
ʦ֣ǰǵܣҶԶʦִһʦֻͷһֿۣһɸ·Ⱦܣ·׷˹ȥ
ɿһǶʦ֣һ֣ЦСĺܣڣǰȻһƽ
˵գҺٴ˽Ų׷ŶʦֵĽŲȥ
·ȼյʱ䲢ԼҲӵʱ䣬ľͱֱӻһŻҽɢһأʦһ·׷˹ȥ·;Ȼкܶ鳯ŶʦΧ£˹ȥŶʦͦԶĵطͷ׷ͣǸܵ˶ʦ֮Ŀ֮һϾͻɢĻиСģ
ǾͽڶʦֵЩ޼ƿʩ
һܳһǧףʦͣΧɫĻҽתȦӡ
ҺϵʱʦϵѾȥ»ָ˱ģ֣ʦֱ·Ǭ˱֮С
ʦǺ֣ϵʮֳԣǴ˴мΪĸִڵĻ׾ܹܵʦֵϢҲòʦָ
վ˽ŲһͬһۣããһƬмӰڰ֮߶ȴһֱ֮ⷨУȴ̫һֱ̣ӻɢ
ǳٹʲxˣǻޣҪȻ뻹ҪתСʱܳЩϲ˵
ȴЩǣɵϸ磬Ƕⷨе飬Ҵ˳ǲ÷˲ʲôɣ
ᣬڰСʱ֮ǲᱻģʱŻ˵ľ裬ֻǷ֮ת˶ʮӣٹʲxϷ˽ġг˵
һ˵ұȻһô졣
˵Ȼ߳ΧķȻҲյĺܣȾͿ֤һ㣬ұ˾ԲҪȻҲһɱô
ԣһлǵСĽغΣ˷֣ⲻ˾Ҫ֣ǵĿĴ˿ֱˣҪӵж¯֮СӤõ֣ǻϲˣֻΧԷʲô·Ȼ󾡿ĳȥ֪ͨص֣˸Χˡ
Ŀǰ˵õİ취ˡ
ϽȽСģҲǳé®ͷ࣬ǰǰ㣬Դһȣʲôܲˣ֪ԴΪأҪ
˵ص˹ܹЩ˸Ƿ֮ӵж¯֮СӤŪҲδ֪
һ£ŵĳǸұ
һǷǰ˼׾͵ұ
СӲһСɽôʮ˼ң˿̺һƬһϢţû˿ֻ֮Уûɵı˾޶˽
֮ǰҸڵĽӹͨҲ֪ũסĴطڴӶͷһСɽϡ
ҺһֱũԺӻһصĵطͣɲˡ
Ϊ쵽˴˴쳣
ﶼںһƬΨǸũй˳
ܻһۣе߸˵ģҲ˵ͨ磬ũⲢǵɢĹǻ⣬ġ
Ȼǻ˲ڴΧ˰ٹʲx󣬻ĵˡ
ʧȥ˸һϵ
ʵֻǰٹʲxܸһźţ˿ҵĵ绰ҲǴͨģɼԷжô
Ϊ˵õǶ¯֮ӤȺҲķѿģСĵĲСˣȴҲ֪ʲôˡ
ҺɾͶɽϵһݴ֮УϵϢ۾һ˲˲ĳǸũԺ￴ȥ
ǾӸ£Ժ龰һ࣬ԺҲлģӰ


1148 Ӥ
Ժ٣ʮˣһصԺ߶ʮֽ
ҺɶɽµĲݴ֮У˿̿ƮɢǹѪԵøŨˣǷ糯ߴʱǹѪζֱ֮¡
˵ˣǸũ֮⣬ȫ˸ɱˡ
ǹݵġ
Ժӵм䴦һ𣬽ԺӵӰŪӰӰƣǵľЩԶЩ˵ģ
Ƭ֮󣬺ȻһŮʹĽԽԽ
ʱũҪˡС˵
һ䣬ԺĴ߶Щ˴˿ȫſڵķȥһʮּģ
Ǹߵſڣȴһ̫˳ſڣЩսս˵λүϾҪˣҲҪȥһ˲ǻһʬģ
һֿĺӴ˵ӣǴ˵νСһҪǱסԲ̥Уһи̣үҿҪʬΣ
̫ŵĻһֵ˵үҵʮû˽ˣũӶȥҽԺ¶ҿɲҴƱӿ࣬ãӪҲϣҲѾǡ
¶ǲܣֻҪӼûģ͸ȥᣬҲ֪ǵֶΣǴٴв
̫űŵĻֻǲסĵͷ֮ǰɱˣĸаֲӡ
ȻڴʱũĽԽԽ̫ŲŷӦǼ˵λүһסĸӶ˵Ͳ˵ˡ
˵ţ̫ת˽ȥ
ǼӿҪȥ￴ֵŵǲʼҲû˸̤ȥһ·صԺ֮С
һȺΧԣһ߿ʲôԣһߺȾƣζԶԶƮ˹ҲҲЩˡ
ЩҲ˼ɣѪζôŨԱ߻ӵģҲܳԵȥ
ҿһߵɣСʵϸ磬ȺǸʲôģܿ𣿡
ĿⶢԺˣ۾˵Ŀǰʲô˾ˣϸ˵ʲôܹЩüĿ
˿̣Һɶ˳ڣ˵Ļǵܹϸ
Ⱥ֮һ˱δ磬ô̳ΪһճӤΪɶ֪
ǸΪδ˿һˣ˵Ƕֵ¸˸ɻģôԸǾôʵľͲҪʣ֪̫࣬СԴҡ
һֱݷ͢ҲĽ˼֮ϣǽ˶ˣºȻ͢Щӵӣ˵ԺŶˡһֵ
εĽ˵ķԸˣŶ¯֮Сǿ˵Ҫغ˵ΪܹС˳ĵõ֣ǲϧһдۣڳ˶ˣӤһҲҪŪ֡
δ磬ôаղֵ
ˣˣ֪Ҳ֮࣬ũ֮ǽӤߣũͽŶ˿ڱǣҪСĽκ֪ǵݣǶôСһలЩܶţܳκ©ҪȻ˭εɫ
İɣδ磬ȫǵˣˮ©¶Сأᱻ˷֣ʱҲһȺģһûӳȥֵ
˵Ⱥ˱ĬʼԿ
Ⱥ˵ǹڣܶԼˣҲԼݣǹصġ
Һ˵˰죬ҲĪͷԡ
꣬Ⱥ˾Ǹɶİ
ߣȥ֮ص˴绰Щ˸ΧˣũۿžҪ裬ص˹ƻƻ˶ˡ
˭֪ôҪˣǸյ˼Ҿ˷Ӧ
ũЪ˹Ľﴫ˳ѲҶЩȥˡ
ʱǽŵﴫ˳ݡʹڼһ
һСʱʱͻȻһӤСׯţЩڻԱߵĺһȫվſˢˢ˹ȥ
ҺҲ۾ſڿȥҪŶ¯֮СӤʲô֮


1149 ٽ
Ƭ֮ǽű㱧һٲΡΡĴ˳һһ߼˵ˡˡǸޡ
̫żģԼһһ㡣
һ̫˵ǼӶʱϲٴ̫ŵн˹Ҳ׷״ȥӤ
ʱͻȻһ⣬ԭӤʱһֱ޵ģǵ̫ŽʱӤȴûٷκ
һⶦ¯֮ӤмģͻȻſ˵Ӥ޵ʱҵȤʹۿˡ
СһɵѾͷһӤʬ廹꣬ôЩŤûʲôܾЩ̫ף֮ҪŮӣǺã
¶Ŀյǽų˵עǸСӤǣסʱͻȻɫ˳Ⱥ֮⣬̶תͳſڵķ첽
ٶȡԲһ̫Ӧеġ
ȻʱЩӤͻȻ˲Ծ˴һã
ţҺɶĿɿڴ鷢ˣǺӱŵٱˣ沢ʲôӤ֮ͻȻҫһŴ۵İ׹⣬һɫĹâȥȫЩӵϡ
Щһһ˲䱻һܻĲҽУԺ֮еЩ˶ʱȫ˴򣬲ҽûͷӬһĴײ̫Ÿһ˴ſڣЩ˱һ뵹˵ϣյž죬һŻҽ
Һɱ˴˿һۣ׹ôһ¶ǽǼٵġ
֮аĲʲôӤһʮֲֿķѿ֮һմȾ˵Ͼܹ˸ȼ
ⶦ¯֮Ȥ˲Ǻһˣ˲ִ¡
̫ʲô۲֪ĻֶĶͦҺɸղŶûвʲô쳣
ô˵ӤӦ̫ŵϡ
ӦҲ̫ţ֮ˣһԱһ㣬Խ֮䣬˴С֮С
ҺɶɵˣذΧ֮飬ȻЩ汾µģС
Ǵ帾ԺĶֵĺܴԭʮְСӣʱһӱޱ
һʱ䣬Ӵӵ˷ȼĻѣյһ͸
Һɲݴ׿ĵطȻҲһ˼ʮˣȼ˻ѣ̫ܵķȥ
Щ˴ͻȻ֣Һɶһ
꣬ЩصĿǹʵģҿҺɸղûмߣҪȻֱײ˻ˡ
ɨһۣⲻĴжٸֱΧһ㣬ˮйͨ
⻹ܹģЩˣҲ֪ж١
Һɵ亹ˡ
صԶԶҪĶࡣ
ộЩ˾ʲô·
ֲܹǰٹʲxôˣҲܹɵĸ㶨
ڣұȽϵĵǣǸðŵܲӳӡ
ҺɶЩĳŴӵķȥ
ĴﺰɱһƬ
Ƭ֮ڴӵϽͻȻֳһЩѣΧļ䷿Ӷȼˡ
Ǽðŵ˸Էˣһš
ԽԽ˳ŴϽǵķ۶ȥ
Һɵ֮УͻȻһϤӰݶ֮ϣڸݶ֮ٵıߣǸ˱֮ǰֵĽš
ǽŸһݶ֮ϣĴȥǽŰ
϶µķų˰ǽŵϴ˹ȥ
ǽŵǺֶΣһѺڳıɨ֮䣬㽫Щİ׷ɨ䵽˱𴦣ЩЩ˵ϣҽŴݶϵȥ
ôŰСϵӤиʮһЩԴԴϳŽŴȥİʱϡ
ҲˣǽܵķȻߣһѱһ·ֱײƲɵǵǰˣһ㶼ᳬغϣ㱻һڵء
ǽǣڿл˹˹죬ȻҲһ˲õķ
ӤѾǽŰؿ֮䣬Ҳ֪õʲôӣӤҲ֣ǳ˯ȥһ㡣
һ·ײǰѾû˷ӣǽֱ˸ƵԭأƮ£ƽ֮ϣֱӳ˹


1150 ڷɽ
һǽűӤ˹Һɶʱͻ
꣬Ҳ̫ˣ˷ģĸܲãƫƫͳطѵ̫֪ˣ
һ£һץסҵĸ첲˵ãǸϽӣһ󲿶׷ˣ϶Ϊ̫ŵͬ
룬ǲΪ̫ŵͬһûųȥ
ۿ̫ԽԽҺҲǰٹʲxʱͻȻַ˱仯ǽǻм׵ʱбͻȻֳһǽŵǰ棬š䡱ļѰ죬ʮ
ǽһЩˣŲΪ֮һ٣һֻֻסؿڴӤһֺֻű˵ҪȻɱ⣡
ôĿӤԸȫʬȺ֮ͻȻ߳һʮͷӲߣӢˣŲһǸʮߡ
ǽһˣԵޱȽƺЩηˣһΣֳһӱȥ
Ǿôһ飬˷оŻѵĺ˰˹ǽŸΧһˮйͨ
˵ŵһжƻͦãܵ·ûϸİţ˸˴˴ǿϧˡ
ڻѵҫ֮£ӶƻͨҲܹЩϵװˡ
Ĵ翴ʮϤôһصˡ
£ܹһ¾ۼôߵģһصص顣
һЩӴҲԣéɽɽģҲ㳲ˡ
һһٶ˵СӣȻٸ˸Χˡ
ЩǵһصˣôŪⶦ¯֮ӤΪʲôأ
Ȼ䣬һµ뷨ͷһ
ǰЩʱգ³նɱħǼһĻǻڣûбҴĻɢѵʱһص˽ħĻǸռ¯֮Сꣿ
˵˭֮Ը⽫ģҪΪ޶޵̫ˣֽʬ飬˵ǰѵһ˭ôõˣҲһܳɹ˶ѡתֻصģʮǿ־ԸԶùӣпʱɢ
ħȻǿ󣬵ǸѪȲĿɲһǰѪǿǸҸүͬȼĸ֣Ҹоħѡһûоͷ·
ڻȫȷЩһصˣҪ֤һ¡
ǽűΧ֮󣬲ûٳ߹Һֲԭλá
ʱСĸ˵СţȥǰͷǼһǸߣ۽ǵȥƲͺãҲ̫ܶã׾ܹоǵĴڡ
Ӧһûȥǰͷ۾һ˲˲ĳǽſ˹ȥ
ݵ˲䣬ǽűٴθЩΧ˽ˣеĳһڰ֮зˡ˹˹죬綾ţֱɱˣʮֺ
һ֣ºӱڵء
Ǻ˵Ҳ֣һĴ׳ӴȺ֮ɱ˳ȴҲǽűƵˡ
ǽǲӣȻʮԡ
ֻǽؿڻӤԵʣЩ˴ҲЩηηţеӤ֡
֮䣬ǽűƵķ˺ݣͻȻһ˦֣еĺɫֱ˳ȥ
Ǻɫһ֣ʱֱɱΧ֮Уһĺһ˳ȥǽֵתìͷֱײһǺ«̱ʮ˵˽¡
һĻҲȻõǷȻһѷɽ
ܹõϷɽ˲࣬ΪɽһһıѰӵеġ
ӵзɽ֮˱ȻǸĪ֮
һֱΪͭǮһѷɽʵͭǮȷɽԶеĽһķɽɱͬвһ㡣
ҵһμķɽΪɽ۷
ǷɽֺֿݣֻתȦʮ˵Ѫ֮С
汾µģҪû꣬ŵǺηأ
ҿĳ֮ʱͻȻ䣬ֻáһ죬ʲôǽŵķɽ֮ϣǷɽֱӱ˻ȥǽŵС
ʱȺ֮ͻȻһˣһޱȵĿͷ֮һԾ


1151 ɱ
ֱĳһ֣еķһѿޱȵĿ⵶ڵĴ󹩷նеһƴ
ղǽŵķɽǱ˸ȥģֶҲʮָ
ſǰͷԵûҪһЩŹعһףһֱؿڵλã뷢԰ףıһֵӡ
еĵɳǽŵķɽ֮죬͵һ¹˵ϣʯ֮УʱʯмɣǵͣЪ
ôơ
һٽţ˵ߺˣ
ǽŴ˿ȻΧˣȴҲŲæУһһۣ˵ȻĿʾ˱ǲ֪˭αضԣʶĸϽÿһö
һм˵һصڴ£Ҳҹ֣ǻĲͷˣ֪һصԵ³𣿡
ȻҸ㲻ȷ˵һΣٲÿһҿҪɱˣǽɭȻŵ
⵨ʣиôвһصģһΪҾûбء
ʮֺ棬ͻȻɱһƥһʹ÷ɽĸֵ˭أ
۾һ۽Żе˯ӤͻȻһЩٴ˵λϵѣӵж¯֮ӤһصʮҪãҵڱصãǷӤϷ֤Բһëɷĵ߳ȥִԲ򣬿Ҫǧ֮࣬Ǻúÿһ£
ǽǸʲõӣ˵ӤãҲһãͶ࣬ҪôÿҪô·һѡ
ǲ֪ߵغҲ̫һЩΪһѷɽܷȥȻˣɣһ֣㽫ǰնʯͷ˳ʱһƬʯмǽŶȥǽеķɽһΣһ˻㽫ʯмȫɨ˳ȥ
ͬʱǰѷɽٴƿն߷˹ȥ
˲䣬ܰΧǽŵĺһͬǽ˹ȥ
ѹѹһƬˣһһҲܽǽŸȴҲ֪ǽ֡
һ̣ǽͻȻһѻƲӲӵĶܻ˹ȥ
ЩɫǶһĶأһžһ죬һаɫӵڶ𣬽ǽһƬŨŨİ֮С
ǽỤ̄Щһصĺ˲֪ʲôʱһ֮׷˶ȥֳֿҲһ㶣ȫ䱸
֮У˷ͻȻһ¶ϰٸɫ׵սƾճ֣һݣɫɱʮ͡
˵ֱӳЩЩһصľͳɱ˹ȥ
ʱߵͻȻһҵţ˾Ȼɱ֮˴˿˭ʤ˭Ǹδ֪
ɱҴһɡ
͵һʮ־Ķ֮ãʮǿÿһ콫ʮֿµĴڣλŵ˴Ҳû˿̣ǸдµˣǾⳡϷɡ
ɵʮּҲż
߱Щ콫˹ȥ
˵Щɱ콫ʵ壬ֻһ΢ԵʵӰӣֻһЩʮӴ־ѡ
ĴأӢܱҲ̾Ϊֹۻ治СӢۡ
ҲûаٴμʶĴ档
Ȼ֪ǽʲô·һصԣﻹʮ֧ģһֱܹʤֻռ·ĻȫԹȥæ˳ˮ顣
ҿ϶ֻ֣ܸɶﾲ䣬Ȼ㡣
֮䣬ǽϰٸ콫ֳָʽбɱΧ֮Уƿνһǰһһصĸ֡
ȣЩ콫Ǳ˵жôһģϱ֡
νѹˣ˵ı
һصȺ֮жʱһңֳնƬ֮󣬺ܿٴξеնһ־ǿն֮һһ޴֮նϱѪ⸡֣һ̣ߺ˱նЩ콫
ȴҲ֪ʲô·ΪҪЩһصĺǿ̫࣬һȥ㽫һ콫ķֱһޡ


1152 ĺâ
һеֳ֮նһ·ӿ˹ȥݺ֮䣬Щ콫壬ȫǿն֮»ޡ
ȻߵĿĲЩ콫壬ֱǽŶȥ
ʱǰͷҲһֱӳǽɱ˹ȥǰͷҲǸʮĸ֣ǽһʱ佻֣ǳһķ˹ȥֻǺ·ȴҲն߸סˣŴһصЩס
ǰͷҲһȴǿԳõķһԧᣬڶ̱еһ֣νһ糤һǿһһգͷڽĸ֣Щ콫ƵȻʮǿԸһصЩͨĸִ´ּ࣬ĸָ͵ס
ǰͷһ棬Щ콫ƵЩסˣ׷һԧ滯ޣֱ
ⰫͷնЩһص˵ΪǿҸоǵʵӦħ֮ϣѵҲһصĴ֮һ
һ뵽ȻһǶһɭ
һصΪӵж¯֮Ӥһصϣһ³˼ˣ⶯Щ̫һЩ
ⱳ󾿾ʲôıأ
ҶЩ
ǿǰǽŻ֮ΪУǳıӵ
Ҳȷǵǲһصĳϡ
һصϳֵʱ򣬱Ȼش¼һο϶Ҳһ
ǰлһ·ɱȥЩ콫ɵİΧȦʱڣֱŽŶȥǽڸܵ˼в֮ͻȻٵһ־һص֮ķɽٴУֱܿ˳ȥ
һΣǽŽǷɽһεĴߣֻһδȥͬǷɽ֮ϷһŽӲӵĹâŷһƲɵеնķɽϵʱ򣬾Ȼûٴν䵴ɳȥǷɽԼһ㣬Χ·ɣҪ˹ȥ
һҲ߸סƬ̡
֮䣬ǰͷɱһѪ·ǽŵĽǰ׵ʱ˫ͻȻ˦˼Ƿɻʯֱǽŵϴȥ
ǽִذ׳תŲܿǷɻʯ
ǽŶ㿪ɻʯĿյͷȻǰһԧưһ㣬ǽȥǽűΣֻеذ׽С
һУҲſеճԣǽŵΪҪǰͷ˺ܶ࣬ǰԧƵĽڽںˣϻӣѪ׷ɡ
ӱߵǣǰͷɱĿյһ˳˺ĵսȦ֮УǸղʹ׳
ǰͷűѾмܲסһ֣ǽƵ·
ҺɶΪǽŰһ亹
һʮУۻңĿϾӡ
Ƭ֮ǽͻȻһȣذ׷ֱŰͷĺӴ˹ȥ
˷׷׺ˣ÷ذ׸˿ȥ
ţҿǽŴӻȡһһĨѪɫʮޡ
ĨѪɫĶЩ죬˲ǽŵͷ֮ϡ
ǽſٵ˼־˰׻ޡ
ⷨһʱ޵ĺȻܷɢȥֱԽЩ콫壬һصЩ˴˹ȥ
ЩĺâϢײĳ˵ϵʱһźɫĻ
ʱ䣬˷һƬ𺣣мʮһصֱȼȻ˻ҽ
Ҳһĺâǰͷ˹ȥǰͷһӦҲʱ˵ֱһѽĺץĺâ˹ȥ
׳֪ᱻԼĶѸˣΪʱʶеȥЩĺâĺâմȾҲܹȼɫĻ棬ֱӵǺϣҽжûüĺӾͱյĽڣһźɫӷۡ
ͷʹӹһ١
ʵǽ˰׻ޡ⼸ֵʱҾѾĻˡ
õ޵ĺɫǱ˰һŵâǱ˰ҵ𣬱ȶʦϵҪֲࡣ
ٰŵĸ֪˭ˣǴӳ졣


1153 ҪԴ
ʵһʼеʱڿݣʹԼĿұ죬ʵǶסˣŷųԼĴС
ֲĴϵı˰ΪӣԹܹɵҵŻпֲ˷ǿ˲佫ʮճһѻҽ
ҲǱƵûа취ˣ˿̵ĳѾɽˮĵز
ȻڳȻһ֮󣬳ĵĿյǰͷٴǰٴγųϴ˹ȥ
ʱʧɫżһ棬ԭط˼ͷȥǷɻʯ
ֻǲżأǰͷһּ˳һ࣬Żһƣų˹ȥ
һƣʵʵ˳粿ʱһƺߣӵ˳ȥһѪ
ڳ챻еһ̣ɱŪЩ콫ʱһĻӰٴλ˻ƶɢһء
ֺܹڶһصΧ֮¼ôãѾʮǿˣջǲУǰͷһ˼֮ϣ
һĻұЩסˣٰ˲ֶΣʹüٰ˲ֶΣٵĵߣȳ
ô˵ҲǾȹΣһڤ֮أǹͬѰұ˰ʱһ³зֶҲһ߻ħʱ
֪ͼҾԲܼȡ
Ȼƺǿҵ뷨ͻȻһץסҵĸ첲ϰԷȻٰ˲ֶθжȥ
һͷɣҲһ֣صĿңСʵСţˣҪɶ
ϸ磬ǸһˣȹҵڵϦҲܼȰԴǵ˵
жѵȥҲ޷ѣҵģ㲻ȥץסҵļ޷ֺ
ҸҪ˵Щʲôʱַ˱仯ڵ֮ǰͷ߱ٴγų˹ȥҪ䣬նɱڵ¡
ֻǲǶ˽ĴͻȻֳһź⣬˵վסǰһҾͽӤɱˣֱճһŽ̿ʬ꣡
һ仰Ǵǵߣס˽Ų
һæ˵Ҫ֣һж
˶ɢ컺ĴӵվһֻӤԴһֺֻâէ֣ӤԴֻм׵ľ룬ֻҪһӤ˲ͻᱻš
˻һڣһ֣˵ɢ
ЩΧڳܱߵĺ˶ʱ糱ˮһ㳯ɢȥֻǰΧȦһЩûʲôʵԵá
ʱǵ֮Ѿ˵ĵ˽ϰپߺ˵ʬȫЩ콫նɱһص
ˣﻹİˣһƬΡ
ղЩ궯ģ˿΢ƽһ£ҵĿٴ˳ϣ϶ǴƤߵģһʮ̫ŵƣԭ̫ҪǲǱ˰ֶΣҲϲ̫žǳ졣
ĺܺ棬ôһصǶ¯֮Ӥɶأ
˿̣ЩҲûãǱȽϹĳİΣҲ֪ܲӳȥ
ʲôգҾǻȥҲҪ
֮鲻ܺ
Щһص˶ɢ֮ǰͷͻȻǰλϵѣŮ֮ķϣǿ㲻ֻҪӤ£뿪˶һëҪǲŵĻϷȫԸ㷢Ѫģ
챧Ӥĳܻһۣûдǰͷ˼ֻǳ˵˵ٶҲûãϽÿ˵һΣҪȻʲôҲò
˵УֻâӤԴһЩ
һصЩ˶ӵж¯֮СӤΪţˣһ֣ǰͷҲסˣæһ֣һصȺ֮жʱÿһ϶ͷһۣӤ첽ǻڴȥ
ڳתͷһɲǼ䣬ԶͻȻһ֣ųһﶪ˵ϣ۾һϵĲݴжһ£Ƕֱųķ˹ȥ
ȻֻˣĻע⵽ߵС϶ҪԴġ


1154 
ҪѣΪʱСҲ֪ʲôٶȺܿ죬ҪЩʲôȻˡ
ſںҲӦҺ߱ȻҲᱩ¶
ô죿
᧿Σ£ҲòԼϣһѵľ
䲻ݷ֮ʣͻȻһ֣һЩлɢɵ˹ȥһ֣һΣľ͵˵ϡ
лɢܹڵȫ˵κηӦ
ɴһæСšҪʲô
ϸ磬ԲסˣҸµлɢֻаСʱҩЧݴɣϾͻȥˣϣ˻Ǳһص˸ˣҩЧһ뿪ҪƬ̵ĵ飬ܻŻȥһúõĸл
СšɰһģȻѾûʱٸ˵Щʲôˣ߶ٰ˲Ŀھ˲뿪ԭأųķٵƹȥ
֪һ뿪ڣڿٵһ߶ٰ˲ʱ򣬳ˣһƺߣӡͨһǰ˵ϡ
ôһأܵЩһصʱһΧ˹ȥеĸʽз׷׾𣬾ҪϿȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ҿٵļ˽꣬һâ˸ǽ֮ϱ㿪ʼɫķתҿٵĴ߶콣л㾦һɫĿĹʱ籡Щ˾ֱ˹ȥ
Щеע˳ϣûע⵽ҳ
ǵɫĹųļһص˶ʱǵɫĹǺ«һɫĹ˺ü˵壬ˡ
ͻȻıʸһصЩ˴ļ𺳣һ˾֮ȫ߿˹
ȴһ飬ڳ쵹صһ˲䣬ȻؿڵǸӤץС
ȴҲ֪ģӤڳ컳ʱһֱö˶˵ģʮְһߵ֮󣬱㿪ʼ۴
һл㾦˽ֽ꣬éɽǬ˱˳ҧУéɽմȾһЩٴδ߶ǿʬ֮
éɽ巢һö죬塱Щɱһص֮УʱʬĻζ
֮䣬жʮʬӵ֮ϵһ˰ë˳Լʮ׵ĺɫָף׷׷˱ŭ˻𣬾ͳΧ˹ȥ
һͬʱûͣʩչٰ˲ֶΡ
ʱϢҵΪʮĳٰ˲ֶѾڻͨ׾ٵıʩչÿһʩչߵİ˲֮⣬ֻٰ˲ֶЩƣֻ˲תƵ˲⣬ҲʮҵķΧȫسɴط޷Ტۣȷһ̰壬ҵеԴԴϵɰ˷ʼձõ֮άٰ˲ֶΡ
һܹ֮ʹٰ˲ĸоǣҵμΪƮĳһڵֻǳһɲǣʮ֮һ붼תƵһλ
ƺܳļ׵ľ룬Ҳֻʱ㵽˳첻Զĵط
ղéɽסЩëʬʱһص˷ҡ
⽩ʬ˭һ¿ôİëʬأ
ڿëʬһ˲䣬ڳĴ󲿷˶˷硣
ҪЩëʬ֣³ͱ˸ҵˡ
лмΪʮǿĸ֣ͻȻðİëʬη壬м˳˹ֱȥ
һˡ
붼û룬ֱӽʦһεĴǬ˱֮˳ųķ˹ȥ
ʦǰøոձҽѣûһεĳ˯ȥ˿̾ӣһֱŸ߶Ƚ䱸״̬ЩշʵӸһأϱȵ
ʦ֣סڵϵŮˣңңĴһǰмһصĸֳɱҶ˵һɨǧͺɨ˹ȥ
һۻ֮֮âʢת֮䣬һĽӽ֮籡ϵʯϯǼִ˹ȥ
Ǽһó͵һУӲӣ׷׳ɢȥ
ҵֱ£ܿϳҵֶΣ󺰵콣ɱȸϵ


1155 ׻
һʼ׼ȳʱûдݣҪһص˶ĸ֮нȳûбİ취ֻóԼĿұ죬˿֣ɱһѪ·
һϳҵݣʸ֮ġ
üһҸһصĳǿ𣬳һصȸħҵ֮⣬һصҵĽ£Լ˵ж١
һصûҵ鷳ȴǲõ̶Ѩ֮Уⲻž
һбǰļ֮ٴʩչٰ˲ֶΣһ֮ұ˳ߣһصذ֮¡
ʱʦִչǲڵ֮⣬Ŀл³һźɫС磬Χų첻ͣת˿źɫСȻײȥճһѻҽ
ߺͰͷҲǰһ
˳ߣʱһޱȵУҲ˵ҵ׶˶ٴٰ˲ʮ־޴󣬵ȴұֳκģ˸Сȥ˻˿ӡ
һƣĴ߶ʼ˷ٵĻǳɨһۣеĽ˵ϣöʦָһҲſ˺ڵϵĳ죬˿̵ĳ컹һ̫̫ױݣƤʮֱ棬һ˿
ֻһۣұ㷢˶ߣ϶жˣ¶ļЩķϣȻǾ綾ɡ
Ȼ˶ǶʲôûöҺɢұһ˿
һңЩԾЩ˵ôˡ
ģȥҳ
һ̣ҿƺһ˿ɫӲһ΢΢һ¡
ܵĺɱڼһص˱Щëʬ˵ҲаëʬЩһصʽ֮ºȻأж˿顣
˵еɱħһȻͬһ㣬ȲֶΣ⵨ɫҲ˹Ŀ࿴үүҪǿࡣĳһ̧ͷȥ˵ľȻǸͷһƵĿҡ
һɨһȦĿǰͷϣ˸ҵĸоǿǱӤߡ
Ǻˣʵ
ǰͷ΢΢һЦ˵ǰ꣬Ϸүү֮ؽ֣үүϷһƣ˵֪Ϸ˭𣿡
ͷһʱЩȣŵЩһ˵ͷզôǿԭһص䳤ϡҢ⻹ԩ·խ
ΪүүһƣҼΪѰǽѩ֪˶ٿͷڼʼٸߣһûɵĿ־֮⣬ʣµȫǳˡ
һһͽүүŪ˭Ҳʲ
ͷƵǿֲ֣ҪֻΣҪƶһУҿҲҲڶѩˣһ֮ұҪͷ
ѽԡղƺ䳤˳һƣ֪ǲõƣǵĻҲûκãעһˡ
ںҲûɶãˣ֮ǰҲ֪䳤ϡ
ٴλͷһ۵ŵĳ죬Ҳң˵㲻ġ
Сɱȸθһصԣһʱֻæڴ£ҲûʱڳʰСӣҲգ·ߣƫҪǾͽɣʱգȻΪһصͷ󻼣
ǱŲͣޣӵ߶¯֮ӤߣӤתһһصĺУת۾ңɱȻ
䳤ϺǺһЦ˵׻ϸ磬˵ļǣԼǾԹˣ죬Сӵڣ
ȥҲ²һ㣬Ⱛͷߵһصϣһ䣬һ׻ǸоԼЩˡ
뵱ȸϱܹ׵ѹңҪеͭȸϸ룬ͱȸϸɱˣȸһصĴΪĩȵһҲҪʵȸϸϺܶİ׻ϣΧлļٸһصֱӽԼ֮С
˵ȳˣҲ
䳤ϻһ䣬ϵĵǰ׻Ҳ˿նҪɱ


1156 

Ҿҿ϶˵Ķ֣ҵΪ࣬ҲǶ˵κһĶ֣զأ
ؼǸղһٰ˲ֶΣûȫָһұᱻǸѹ
Уҵ취һʱ䣬ܶһһһһһ־ͱ˸ˣ̫ѿһЩ
ۿǾҪҶֵʱͻȻͷЦ
Ƕ˼ˣһ㶣ǰ׻ϺʵСЦʲô
ֹסЦһЦ˵ΪСүһôûӣҼȻֻ̣Ҫһ֣ұ֤ǻĺܲң
СӣôĿ˵Сһ̳ҵȴɱͬ׼һɣδ̫һЩ䳤Ҳ
ǰɱǺףɱҲͬ׼һ㣬Ǹ˾￴ǣǶԣ˭ȶ˭ҹг˵
׻˶һۣһ㶣ʵǸ˭
˵˭ȻҸүˣǸҸүһģ˼ҹˣˣ磬ѹһǵ棬һ͹ʰǣҺٺЦʵнŵĲС
˵ͬʱҲϵĴ߶ɰ˷оһЩ
⻰һڣͰ׻Ϸ׷תͷĹˣܺһƬȻǿʲôеģһҸүǲɵö
ҸүΪͨ쳹أʮǰݺὭºе֣һ߻ûм֪˼ҵͷ׻͵ˣ϶˵ġ
ǰʱ䣬ҸүʰѪ̵ƽѪ棬Ȼأڽ֮Ͽ϶Ҳдš
ϾҸүʱкܶ˶ڳص֮⣬ΪɵһЩˡ
ҼҸүسˣȻ𽭺ϲС𶯣С֮
ҸүҲΪѪųһأڽϵǷǣûᣬҵ֪Ҳࡣ
ĹһȦ֮Ͱ׻ȻǷֲʲôɽŵĲУڲϵĻͬʱֳһ־ڱصõģ
˵λеӾͶְҸүôʰǣҼŵ
׻䳤˵ɫͱЩ粻˱˴˿һۣȻͷһǱӵмƷ¯֮ӤĺˣǺȺ֮⣬߻мʮ˻ţҴҵĳĳȥɼʮء
ǸоΣ֮ĵһǽӵж¯֮СӤתߣԼȴѡǵʲôͼأʮֺ档
˵УѾǵϵĳһֻסϸ֫Ͱ׻ҺҸүҲûб˼ŮҸүһ֮ǾΪ˾һصæǵģǻţҸүҲͽ̫ɱ¾ĲȣҲҪ̫ſˡ
ٻİ취һǸѧأǰʵʦ۾ʦŻֻܰҸүˣǻ۾ʦӾ
˵ţұųתߡ
Ȼʵ֤˼ҲôúŪģͰ׻˾
䳤˵׻֣ҿСȫƣүˣСյأСôˣ˵ĸ飿
ò׽СӸסˣܾôˣȸϵĳܲǰ׻˵ţֱӾͳ˹
ߣҳŶʦִһŴ߶ٰ˲ֶΣһ˰˲⣬ǰ׻һա
һתֱһл㾦Ű׻ϵϴȥǰ׻ϺеնסǵɫĹһԼȷǺ
һ̫ǿˣΨһǾ뿪ûиƴĴ㡣
ôҶǵĶ֡
ʦһк֮£ϵʢһЩŴӵĳڴ񱼶ȥ
ҿöʦܵķǸ֮ǰǲط෴λãɻǲݴ֮вأһص˷Ĵڡ
ʦϵޱȣҲһڸȥڣЩһص޲׷׶ܣЩ۵Ҫסʦֵȥ·ȴһ±ȵĴɡ


1157 绢
ôһӣ˵ղȷʵŻǣǽ϶Ҫ׷ʹ
ڶʦֵĿ·֮£ұų첻ϵʹٰ˲ֶΣÿһζȺ֮һȻٴƷλһط
һֻҪ뿪ׯһصİΧȦشУɽ֮УҲҡ
һΧõķһԸصϵѰ֧Ԯ
˵ȻһصɳϼĸڴˣصЩѰĽɫǹģʮսּĸ֣Ҳ޼£Ҫ͵ǰչүүӢĴڣܹλеΪС
ұųͻÿһεĳֵʱ˳ýոǰһصˡ
ٶȻܿ죬Ͱ׻Ҳ׷ᡣ
ұųϾҪ뿪ӵʱͻȻ䣬ҸоЩ̫Ծ
ΧĞųƺһ΢ĲҴ˿̵ĺĳٴδ߶ٰ˲ʱȴһرµ飬ƺһ˲䣬ٰ˲ֶξͲˡ
ͬʱҲճҵ˫һ±صУǰһҲԵʮֳء
ͣ˽Ųͷȥʱ򣬷Щһصȴûյκƣɱžͳߴ˹
Ⱥ֮Уҿ䳤ϣ˫ֲͣıŸַҲǹܵͣƣٿǴܲµİٹʲxȻʼ￪ʼˣıֱǷݵİɫʼŴĵλӡ
֪ô¶ˣ䳤ϲֶθⷨĲҲǳ뻯Ȼ˞ų޷ʩչٰ˲ֶΡ
ǱҪĵװ
ôһ䣬ͻȻһҡߣԼӳȥġ
У߶߶ôһŮ˸ƴˣ
˵䣬ұ㽫˵ϣöʦֺտŽǰ
񱻱Ƶ˾·ǼеһѪ֮Ůǰ۲ܶݶվ
ͶǲܵģܲҾսһ̡
һһصĴ󲿶ӳӿ˹һεľеĽꡣ
һֱָ̣׻üģȡһõľѪ˼־ǵξѪֱеĽ֮С
ҾѪĽ꣬˲˽һҸܵǽ֮зӡļ¶ͷŭһͷкޱ߷ŭޡ
ǽеͬҲܵҴʱ˿̵飬Ǿ˾һսľġ
⽣еǶҲмһ˵ģǰûа취콣ķʹ⼸꣬ĴսɱΪҲڲϵȻڶǿߵУҲͲǸһ
룬ǲκˣûǿߵΪȴӵһǿ֮ġ
ǿߵʱҾ
ҾѪĽʱâʢתڽΧķĺ֮ȻһͬǺ֮ķ֮⣬ǽ֮ϾȻɫĵâתž˱һ졣
ȻһΪͳ˸оֻŵ֮쳹ʣͷ֮϶ʱըһף̧ͷʱ򣬷ԭϡҹվȻҲͻȻĺϡ
ȥʲôҪ
Ҳ
ͻȻɳʯһ㣬¡
е꿪ʼһ޴ֶ֮Щ飬ƺ⽣̺֮ȲҪк
󣬶ʱһεЩһصĿֻţͰ׻Ҳס˽Ų̧ͷտȥ
ֻһ˲Ĺ򣬷ɫ䣬Ğųݡ
⽣֮зӡҪˡ
˫ס𶯲ѵĽ꣬ǰĵˣͻȻһȣ绢
콣ĵб绢ҵһʹУЩ̫Ϥ·һУһܹʩչ˵ĿǰΪһʵķԽ
˵ǽ֮зӡѾʼϿˡ
£һХɽҰ
һֱ̣ӱ쫷磬֮кϯһпõĶһ˰գǧľʯշķҲ˲䷿ʯľһ˰֮Уһ޴УһصЩϯȥ
ЩҾһصҲ쫷˰֮У˦ԶڵϾͱǹǶϽۣɥ


1158 Ƿ
һ콣ʽʩչչֳĺȻ֮Լһ
쫷ŴݻһеһصȺ֮ȥ쫷ϯľʯĴֱӾͳȺΪܼĵطȻ¡
һʱҲ֪Է˶ˣкܶ˱쫷ֱӴ˼ʮ׵ĸ߿գȻݺݵˤڵϣһйȥ²Ҫ˰ϡ
콣һȺսɱУȴҲ֪үǴѧһױ¡
ɱ֮Ҷʱһߣһ㡣
ĵ̫޴
Էɺܶ࣬һжԸЩһصֻͨУ϶˲׻䳤˵ģһǵӡ
ŵʧ֮ʣæٴα˳죬˶ʦ֣ųӵķλƵȥ
Ѿûʩչٰ˲ֶˣΪһУͲཫҵĿˣһ߱ųһٴηתɰ˷ٵĻ
֪Ҫӳȥѣһصĳϲô׵ķ뿪
ǵһҲ׵ķ
һ˼ʮ֮ٴδ˺ɱһȺ˿ٵٴγ׷˹
Է׷ĺܿ죬ֻҧ񱼣֮ľ뻹ڲϵ̡
֮ͻȻˡಡƿ죬ѾʼҴ˰
ߵĶǼõģһ㶼ͨڞųĸӦжϳǰķλҸûʱͷȥƾⳬǿĞųӦ㣬Դ˶ǷİЩܶ࣬зɻʯڡɵڻзЩİҵһӻըѿըϴһӣǱʯͷϣһۡ
˿̣Ҳ˲ۣͷ׼һܡ
ڶʦǰ濪ϵһֱƣҲûʲô谭
ܿ죬ұų䳤ϲµİٹʲx֮С
ܶǰããвʱбӡٹʲxĶǵǰ
һЩҵûоöô£жʦڣҲη塣
ڿЩ֣һЩҡ
ٹʲxԭӵģĿǽ˸⣬ܹⷨãںЩһص׷Ҳܹͬá
жʦֿûУⷨһصЩҲһ谭á
µ·֮ǰĵ̫޴·һֱײײ˻гİΣ
ͻȻöûжˡ
ҷһرһֵ̿飬ͻȻЩ̣˳ղű䳤һƵ顣
䳤ϵɲģϹ۶ģƷƣһƶϱͣѪеˮһ㣬ɲһѿǵòʱľΣá
뵽вЩ
찡죬ѾĻȥӻ֮о˳ɲ
ţ֣û뵽ôһ쾹Ȼ۾ң˵Ƿˡҷ£Լȥɡ
˵˵һʱˣο˵ЦʱˣͲҪ˵Ļν˾ȵףͷ͵ܰ;ϡ
ҡۣ˭ɡԼ߻ЩΪң㲻ġ컹ڿȰ
Ҹٻشػصĳꤻû壬ȻҾ˾ȥѾȥ
Ҳ֪ģһٹʲx֮У׷ԽԽˣȻһҲˣٹʲxãЩ׷סȥ·
һصͽԸ
ҲֻöʦǰֱײֱɱһѪ·Ȼж·ҲһһʦָˣЩ۵˲ͱʦϵ֮յĻɢ
Ҹоһ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰ǰһЩӦӳٹʲxˡ
һܶϵ˲٣ҲЩ
طҸҲ죬ԼԶĵطлˮӦڸġ
һͷһ˲û׷ˣаο˲٣ǽŲɲͣЪųǰȥвʱԼңұųһɽ괦ʱͻȻǰվˣʱһס˽ŲΪǰվŵ˱Ͱ׻϶ˡ


1159 Ҫ
꣬Ҿ˵ҲôɵľߣȴҲ֪ǶǴﳭСֱӵҵǰ档
һǣҾ֪ܲˣҲͲˣٴνķһԵĲݵϣס˲ͣǶ˷вͺĶʦ֡
ʦǸʮԵޣܹоϵĿֲ֮
ǰ׻λһصĳϣΪѾʮǿˣʦЩˣֻǵͺ𣬲óȻǰ
һ˫СצӲͣŵϵԴ˻еĿֻš
Сӣ㳤˳ɳȥҪȻֻҿ㵹Ҫܵȥǰ׻һеնǰ
䳤ҲٺٵĹЦ˵û뵽СôѲղһʧϰٺ֣콣һ񼼣ֻϧСӵĻǷȱһЩҪȻǶ˵þͱˡ
仰ǰ׻һ㣬۾һתͻȻס˽ŲٺЦСӣǰһ·㽫콣ķǶһˣ˵ûһС
ޣ콣үĶž֪éɽ֮ϵЩö콣ҲŸүȥ˶ϻµףѧһ£ҪѧУŶûУ
Ȼ룬ȴô˵ϰ취һʱ䣬ٵĻС
һһľ޴󣬶ʱ޷ָģͬԴԴϵɰ˷һ㣬Ƕȴ֪
ҹȵ˵׻ϣղ˵Ļɵ棿Ҹ콣һ·
׻ԭֻôһ˵ҿ϶Ὣ洫ı´
һ˵һ㶣ͷһ䳤ϣ䳤Ҳüͷһ΢΢һʵ㵱Ҫ콣ķ
ٺãҲûҪλǰڴˣӲȥˣ֮콣кãʱˣ˼ҲýǣҺٺЦ
˻棿Ͱ׻϶һۣԵЩͬ
ȻֻҪǷѪĲһëȥұ㽫콣ǣ֪λǰΣĵ˵
콣Ƕ˵ʵ̫ˣ˵һľղһз绢ĽҲʶˣ˿һɿڣǶܲ
Ƕƺһʱ䲻ϣǶ˶û뵽һ˵
ĬƬ֮ǶƺСʲôõǴҸûʲô飬ҲƽϣʱֻҲû㽫콣ǡ
䳤ϱǺðɣֻҪ콣Ǳ֤㲻
տڰ˵ûã÷Ѫģ֤ҪѪģҪȻҿŲλֵ
ǶΪ˵õ콣ҲƴˣҧָüĴһ㣬ָ죬һޱȶ񶾵Ѫģ޷Ǿһ˵콣֤ҳȥҪȻôôú֮ġ
Ѫ֮ǰ׻Ͻֵ˵˰ɣ
ԣλǰѪһŵùģǿҪˣֻ˵һ飬ǲǵסǾǵˡ
ұ㽫콣ĿͷһЩеŵĹһŪһӻ⣬ʼе֮㣬ǹʤʵʤࡣⲩ£Ȥ֣֮֮У仯֮ɱ
ҡͷԣ߶ӣʱڲϵĻͰ׻϶һŲӣ˶䣬ޱ棬©˰֡
ⷨһ콣еģҴ󲿷ֶԣʣµǡϴмصһЩӰ˵ڻһʵʵѷ٣ҲܺŪһ
ұ˼ٵ콣֮ûãͻȻһЩҵĽŲһͷȥʱ򣬵Щұһصڶӷ˳һǱԼʣٶˡ
һ˷֮󣬵Ͱ׻۾ϸϸƷζҸϸ˼ǵʱ䣬ոձ꣬űˣλϣɽģˮʹ˸ǣǺڣ
˵ţұ㱧˳죬ƿͰ׻ˣһ첽ȥո߳ȥû䳤ͻȻ˵ȵȡ
һ㶣һ⣬תͷȥ˵ôţҪڰǿǷѪĵģ


1160 Ĺ
СӸǵ콣Ǽٵģ䳤ɫһ࣬Ȼ˵
ҿôʶˣôأǿھлһЩġ
Ʊʶ֮Ƕ˵ֱٴٰ˲ֶΣԶȥ
һ䳤ϵСӹ治صôһթϾ¶ˣηŪɣ
䳤һ˵ҵĳӶˣԭǸղҲȷ콣ǲģԲŻ˵ߵǣΪǿ˶ߣټϱЩ飬붼ûˣǳ©ڶ
ãܰɣһ϶ҪʬεĽࡣ
ӸǶ˳ĹڵȻָֻ۷״ٰ˲ֶκϰһʩչΣѾڰٲ⡣
Ҳˣһδ߶ٰ˲ʱΧĞųٴαճųȻһα϶ˡ
̧ͷȥͰ׻ٴγǰ治Զ
ôģĶֶسɴķţôһת۵Ĺߵҵǰ档
ǽˣȻ߳ŭζ˵еķ˹
û취ʹ򲻹ҲӲͷƤϣһֻų죬һֻٴμ˽꣬ʦָһŭֱӳ䳤˹ȥ
׻һ˲ƵҵǰŰһ´նͷͳҿ
նʱ򣬸ҵĸо춼Ҫĸо֮Яһɿ񱩵ص
еĽȥֵеն
ײһʱҶʱȫĹͷҪɢ˼ܣŽֶˣѪ¡
Ҹ޷ֵס׻һ֮ųһͬ˳ȥԶӹ˵ϡ
һ̫ǿˣѪҺΪ֮ؿڱѵһһѪ
Ҵӵ䳤ȻҵߣеնٴξֳѾûκηӦʱ䣬군ˣĿǵҲ
Ȼû뵽ǣǬ˱ͻȻâһһѪɫȻѶֱӭǰ׻ϵնȥ
ȣ
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻǬ˱Ʈ˳ѸٵĻΣ˫һ־ֻС֮кâէ֣Ȼֱоסǰ׻ϵն
׻ϿͻȻֵСȣʱһ£סѿڶ
ǹҷѾг˹ɢ˹еŨϢѪɷ
г˹ȼסǰ׻ϵնҲЩСȥЩŤˡ
һ̣ҿͻȻһ־һɺɷͻȻϷ˳ǰ׻Ȼײȥ
ǰ׻ٴһżһ棬Ʈ˳ȥ
ϷǵɺɷȻҲٵĻΣ˵ϡ
һСҲһ£ⲻѪѪʥŮļƷӤ
Сѵûнɣô˳ǽ⼫ƷӤסˡ
һΪأܹʱʵҴ⡣
ֱ˧ˣǸһ֮ϲѪʥŮļƷӤѱˡ
ȵĳ֣ǰ׻ϵı˵һǸϡ˼ˡ
ʱѾųٴվŽ꾯Ŀ˰׻ϡ
ͬʱʦȻ䳤ϽˣһʦֿбһźɫĻ磬ΪԪ֮
䳤ϲûжͦϣдСΪϷβ㲻ɣ
䳤˫ֻһ£ˡžһ죬˫Ħһ£˫ʵԻƷ籡ֱŶʦֵԪȥ
¾䳤ϵľѧ˰ɡ
Ʒݿһײ˶ʦµС֮ϣҲ֮ײһ𣬶ʦСʱתìͷŶʦǱ߶ȥʦһֱӶ˹ȥֱ֮һʯͷϣ˲佫Ǿʯյͨ졣
ʦ֮ͻȻֽһһԾϵȼյ˼£ֱӾһҫ۵Ļ棬䳤ϡ
䳤һеģ˫һһʩչƣһαһλҪͣƺ䳤ϵ˫֮ð˰̣׵ӫ⸡


1161 ٿذٹ֮
䳤˵Ҿ֪ʦֿ϶ҪԿĽࡣ
ǶʦСһЩżһпƲס
ҪֹҲΪʱΪʦֵѾڿշɵ˰֮С
ʦϵѾˣͱһԲĻ򣬳䳤϶ȥ
䳤˫֮׵ӫ⸡ֱӾͳŶʦֻǸ˹ȥ
ұʦַһҺǸƤƵı䳤˫ķɣڵأ䳤Ҳ˫֮ϱһܻǲûӣֱֻ۵λñȻֹ
ҿ䳤˼־кһһ˫ۣǻ˲ϨⲢǼ򵥵Ϩ𣬶ǹ˫ȥΪá
Ƶľ֮ڡ
Ҫ˵䳤ϻרſƶʦֵģ˫һҲ¶ʦϵ֮
ʦ˵ϣϵϨȥ̣סĲҺģʵ۲ѡ
Ҵûмʦֻ
ʦĿһֱս޲ʤģʱ
ʱ򣬸ӱߵ鷢ˣǰ汻Ͱ׻λ϶סȥ·һصļ׷ٴΧ˴һˮйͨһѷĳ˹
һܣоһЩɽˮˣõùˣѵҪҸһ
Ѧλүӿ˵ˣٴζõеǿ߻ħķսܴ
ǲ۸СŸ磡Ĺһۣҵǰ棬ССһʱȴɢޱȰԵϢһ˲䣬Сȵ˫۱Ѫ죬һϢĴӿһ㷭ݵѪɷվҶоһޱɭɱ⣬סһ
ʱһʱпܻɢСȻɳزҴû뵽ġ
Ѿǹе࣬пǰǿ󣬿Զһˡ
ǸƷӤ鶼µĹ˿̱ݷСȵԣĿܵȺ
ԱӿȺͻȻһĹХɽҰСɵ˫ֲϱ־ӵϲϵķһŵɷǵܡ
ЩɷһĻûΣҿЩεʱٴκȻ
ǰ֮ǰ³ɳɵЩʮʮٵչ˵ǰڲϵӡ
ҲСȾȻܹٿذٹ֮ݣѾ˵ķ緶ǹԸүүʱ򣬱Ǿۼٹ֮үүΪͷۡ
һʱ䣬ͷųЩа֮ڣƺƵһƬɫףֳִ󵶳ìսŸͷò磬ֱһŴ沿ӳ
һһ¶ʱЩһصȫɵˣһǰ֮ɫ
һܵĹʱЩһصɱȥ
һαһƬɱ졣
СͷŰٹ֮ʱǰ׻ҲԴһؿڣ˫ֿٵ䣬˫һָ棬ؿڴͻȻһֻͻһ࣬ڣνýǻ硣
ſһɽֶŲ
ǻ֮󣬰׻һֻ֣ͻͳС˹
ƺֻǿͻû˿η壬ֻǳǰͻһָǼƷӤֽһ¶ڵͳǰͻͳ˹ȥ
һΣֱӳŰ׻һ˹ȥ
һеı仯̫ˣҴ֮С
һȳ̫;ϲЩܲˡ
Ŀǰ˵߲ûнΣҸоոճΪȣӦûǰ׻ϵĶ֣ʱʦȻܵشƺս
ڶݵľ֮䳤ٴνĿ˵ϲҽзĶʦֵϣһΣ˶ʦֵߣ̧һֻ֣ͳŶʦȥǴ㽫ʦָնɱˡ
ⲻУ
Ӧ˹еĽǰһָһɫĹ籡ֱ䳤ϴ˹ȥ
䳤֪콣һûڶʦֵϣǳһ˹ȥһл㾦
ɫĹûһôǴնϣȻء
Ϸҵı£䳤ϵ˫ƵӴӶʦֵתƵҵϣιǸֵһ㣬ҸܵɢƵ⡣


1162 ʧ
䳤ϵĿϵʱҾ֪ҿ϶ûˡ
ܹʱ֣ͷŰٹ֮ҵסӿһصĴȸһ֮סʵİ׻ϣֻ䳤һҶԵС
Ȼ䳤ϣҲΪܿġ
ԣ䳤Ŀ⳯ɨʱҾѾ׼ƴһս׼еéɽһεıζéɽ죬ʮʬӵϵ𣬻˰ëʬʵһֻס˱ҷڵϵĳ죬һҵǰ棬һ̵ıݡ
׺İëʬڰ׻һһĸ㲻ʲô
䳤϶ŪֶЩмһˣЦһֱӿ˫־ͳ߿첽
еéɽһΣЩëʬͬʱһƺ𣬾ͱ䳤϶ȥ
֮䣬䳤ϾӭײЩëʬ˫֮һεɢӨɫĹâŽƵİðһһЩëʬ˹ȥ
Ǳеİëʬһ˳ȥڵ֮󣬻һðڵỊ̇ȻһεĻͨʬ塣
ƲܹԸˣʰʬ
ڽ䳤ķɳȥ߰ëʬ֮ұЩˡ
һЩëʬȫˣһֵңұҪŰëʬڻЩʤ㡣
뵽һεļ˽ֱ꣬ǰսţЩëʬڻ֮£䳤ϱϮȥһұһмΪԵɨǧһĽ籡䳤ϴ˹ȥ䳤ֱץһ߰ëʬԼǰסǵĽ˲ͱǽն룬Ȼ䳤Լҵǰһƾͳҵؿ˹
Ҷ䳤ϵһֹĿ־壬ΪүүһƣĥһˣҾֻ·һҲҲڶѩܹҵʮҲٳˡ
ԣ䳤һƳʱұٰ˲ֶΣ˲תƵ˰ȫشθһʱͿ䳤Ͼվҵǰһ֮ɫ
˼ǶسɴĴãٰ˲ֶζ˵ֱСƣܹ׾ٵͨųӦҵȥ򣬴Ӷҵķλ
ٰ˲ֶξԵЩ׽ˡ
һ̣ޱȿֻţƬ̵ĵ飬һεʩչٰ˲
һγڰ˲ʱ䳤ϻվҵǰЦĿҡ
ȫϷŪңè׽ϷҪھϳ׽Ҵ壬ֿͷ
ȷѪô꣬׾ͷٴοʱʩչٰ˲Ҽ͸գһ̣еĽžͳҵǰն˹ȥ
꣬㲻վǰСүͿ㡣
ȻûͷûԵһȥȴܵĪ谭ҿǰεʱһεĳ˾𺳡
䳤ϾȻǧһ֮ʣһֻһץסҿĽ꣬˸Ө׵ĹһޱȵϢͨ괫ﵽҵС
Ƿӡڽ֮еƺȵϢŪļ̹һƵ˳Ҳһ֮
Сӣ㵱ǽƻĺܣȻ㲻Ͻ콣Ϸɱ֮㣬ҵֶδӴ˺ˣ
䳤϶ݺݵ˵һһٴγҵؿ˹
кȻĸȥƣæ˽꣬һεĶٰ˲
ҵĳڰ˲֮ʱȻٴͭǮΪ䳤ɻٴγҵǰȻûУ䳤ϻվڸղŵλãҵĽϸϸĴż˹һ߰ëʬͷ̧һ£һųǰëʬȻء
⽣һѺýоȻӡһֻ꣬ǿϧСУ̣Ѿ
䳤߶߶ʱǽȴѣҪ֣зӡȻΪĿܵƿء
⽣ȻΪһ壬֮⣬ûܹʹ
䳤϶ȥҲû˿ô
䳤Ͽһǽ꣬ٴθֳӨɫĹâȻһѵĽʱƵɫâ˲Ȼʧɫ
ҴʱȻͭǮͷ֮ϣ߶˱ͭǮ


1163 η˳
ͭǮһâ磬һ춯ɢ˼ʮöͭǮһ˲֮䣬ͳ䳤ϱȥҽǷȫӿǼʮöͭǮ֮УЩͭǮǿҪ䳤һ
ȷһεСһصĶǿ֣ЩͭǮۿžҪ䳤ҪʱͻȻһȴ̲ˣʮ׵ĵطȻֹ졣
䳤ٴ̧ͷʱȴҷ˳һЦһ֮䣬ЩͭǮֱӵתìͷߴ˹
ǿ̫ǿˣ
꣬ҸоԼȻǭ¿û֮һս
㾰Ҫٰ˲һΣһε˰ȫΧ֮ǰħٴηˣһδ֮Եɷ䳤ϣһ֣ԼٶץסҵӣҷӦĻᡣ
ٸè׽ϷѾˣһֱ̧̣ɢŽƣƶͷͳԴ
һ̣ٴζٰ˲ֶӱܵͷҲŬԹˣûκô
ۿţ䳤ȵƼҵϣԽӶķɳʱͻȻһŭ˻һ
˻ĻһϯҶʱŵԼͷζһʹ
䳤ԭҪԴϵȻֹ۽ǵ⳯Ƴһۣʱֳ˾ֵĿ⣬ӵҲ
һ̣׻ϾȻһࡣ
Ҹ֪ʲôͷʱԼٴһ
ҵǰͻȻһðܻĹޣϵĻͬһƣͷ¹ǡһӲӵۼס
һǶľȻҲǻ棬һΣͳ䳤˹ȥ
һʱǻǵҵϣȴܲˡ
䳤ȴٴһ㣬ٴλ˫ƣǻðĹ˹ȥ
˶µģͻȻðĹ޵Ǹɶ
ôоʦЩأ
ǶʦҲֻжСղű䳤ˣذš
뵽ҳŶʦָղŵصķȥֶʦȻԭŵĵطһƬڡ
ˡǻðĹǶʦ֣еޡޡ
ѲѾǺĸǧ껱ڵԲŻӣ
ҾͲö֪ˣ֮Сһղžһ
Ҹոһ
Ȼ䣬һʹİŵٴһתͷԴȥǰ׻һŷȵϣӰͻȻһΣ˲仯һѪɷ߿ٵƮ˹
վǵвǰ׻ϣѰӻѱ
˲䣬Ǭ˱֮У׻ɱ˹еն߸߾𣬳ԴϾعٵշ䣬޴Ļ򣬳䳤ϴ˹ȥ
׻еնһ͹䵽һߣ׾ٵĸһ㡣
ŵˣٴշ䣬һǰϣǶڰ׻˵Ҳͬ裬еնֱӽնķ飬һҲβ谭
İ취׻ѾҵߣһҧֱӻӳƣŰ׻ϻײ˹ȥ
ˣɣҲǺùǰҲҧһ⡣
Ĵ򷨣׻ϵĵҵϿҵؿȥ
ۿ˲ҪʱͻȻֺ˱ʣһӲӵĹâͷ˹ǰ׻ϸһ˲䣬һ˲Ķĵûҵϣҵص˰׻ϵؿڣ׻ϳһƣһƺߣӵɶ֮󣬱һѪ
֮İ׻ȻˣȴҲڵϾ񣬿ȻҲʮǿٵǵѪϵʣĿĳɨӣ³һѪ󣬲Žŵ˵η˳֡Ϊβһͷ¶βģʲôӢۺú
ԶԶһɽҰ֮лصһŻ˵ҶɣʲôӢۺúأô˵Ҳǽǰȴһé®Ľʹɱ֣治Ϸˡ
ᣬɽȼƮͬͭӴһ𺳡


1164 ү
㡭ģ׻ϻһɫ˲ɷס
һʼҲΪҸүͻȻˣϸһ־òԣղǵڰ׻ϵĹʮϤɱȸϵʱ򣬱һâ֣Ҳ˵۶ġ
ҸõлɢֻаСʱҩЧ֮Ըлɢǲһգƾ׵Ķ
о֮Ǹȴ޹ϸҲֵ˻ȥ
ϸҸһصЩ˾һʱ䣬Ѿ˰СʱелɢҲȫʧˡ
ɲû뿪Ҳûңһֱܣ۲ΧĶ
ǸϽȡᣬͷһ㣬һȣͻǰ壬֮ʣɻǳסˣŽǹŹֵͭ˳ס˰׻ϡ
һ˲䣬׻ϵαסҲһӣҵƲŻؿڣȻҵʱӦ˲˰׻ϣǱһ롣
뵽˴ҲЩʱõƣнڵĻư׻Ѿһ͸ĻԹԵվ
˵׻ϻþ
ϽɰҸүһƣղֶͭϢʮأ֪˶Ϊʲô˲ֶΣֻоֲŻʩչ
һеǽ׻Ϻ䳤ϸסˣһɫɷף׷ͣеĶ
ҳѾѱ޵ĶʦٻҵߣĽ䱸Ķ
Ƕ˵ĿһֱɨӣͼҸүںδȻһصļΪΣ޼Ѱ
ƵĴŶʦߵ˳ߣӵһεĲѾٴεĻ˹ȥ
ȱ׻֮Ǭ˱֮УŪЩҲ߽⣬ǼƷӤҲûӰ
ճ˶ݵĳĬ˶ʼĻֲ̿
ʱɱҸү˵Ϸʮ궼û⽭ˣһ첻һ죬˶СΪ̬ĲŰ
˵գװģ̾ϢһֵСŰȥϷҪĸҪĸҶֺүж˿飡
ɲ֪ʲôֶΣһſڣ˷ȫĻ죬Ūʮֿ飬ĸֵơ
׻ϸղűСֽţ˴˵˾Ҹүү
ΪɣҲװһʮּӣ˵ү˼ôôСŶǸˡһҪұ𰡣
˵ĹߵĶʦͻȻζһӣ˵֮ϣһĻƣž;޶˿ֲ
ʦ㶯ɶ˼أѵϣߣ
Ļ棬һȥҪսˣ
ҳһ£ֹ̽ȥһ¶ʦ֣ǻƺûһвоһء
ʦܹϵĻ档
ұ㰲ǽ˶ʦֵıϣҲȥ˵үͽˣǧ򱻸ǿղɱһˡ
˶ʦ֮һݣһ־ǽͭǮһ˻һ¶ʦֵƨɡ
ʦһƺ𣬱㳯ǰ񱼶ȥ
Щһص˻һҶɸ̸Ȧˡ
뿪һɲǼ䣬䳤ڷӦ˹һԵļʹһɫǼɢܵɽͷ˹ȥǼ˵κܿʧ˺ڰ֮С
һ㣬⣬һص˷ҸүûйǼٰģһӲȥһһҹȥ϶ҲȾˡ
ܰҲֻЩˣˣĻǸ˲ţ˶־Ͳ̫Զˡ
뵽ʹ˼¶ʦֵƨɣʦܵĸȫǺķҸ·Ҳ֪ʦǳĸܵġ
˴Լʮ֮󣬷۵糸ĶʦͻȻͣڹԣҲӶʦֵıϷɳȥ
ôˣҿ˶ʦһۣʦһǣ
ҳǰһԭΪǰ׵ĵطһӣˮ˻졣
ʦˮģԸҹȥ
ڲȫһص˷ٴʹթȻ׷Ҷڡ


1165 
ҴӶʦϷҲȥĳСĸһûйͷ̵Ҳ֪û䳤ϵƣ汻϶еĻҼҵѦλүӣҲֻѡ
ϲĺˮƬ̣ͷһ۶ʦ֣ʱЩ
ʦһ±ôĸͷڻЩɻ󲻽⣬Ǹʲô
ղǱ䳤Ƹһ£ڵʹһֱƣӦ϶Ͼ˼ʦֵİΣͻȻͱӣǶʱ便ʲôһҲ֪ȴҲ֪ܲСȥһֱôĻҶû취ˣģʵˡ
Ҹоʦ֮Աӣ䳤ϵһƣӿ˶ʦǺĸʬǧ껱ڵ̺ĽҪȻˡ
ȻһжҵĲ²⡣
һֱʦƺ룬˻ĥһСԴǶӱǿ˼Ż棬ԭתһȦһӣգۼСԭģ
ԭҲֻй͹СЩշʣָжʱһϲһҴͷˡ
һѽʦָսǬ˱֮У㱳ųɺӵʱͻȻһŲ
æͷȥԶһӰ߶
ԭжأһգ۵Ĺһмˡ
ȵӰӱȻͰ׻϶ˡ
˹Ҿ֪Ѿ¶ˣԸûбһص˸׽ס
ҲƬ̵ͣЪ붼û룬ֱӱ˳ǹʵĺˮ֮С
һˮǱˮǬ˱и˳ٵĴ߶
Ǳˮԭж쵰СΪ˾ܼȥһ룬Ҳֻмǰܹݵ˶ˮ֮С
Ĵ߶֮£ǱˮһݣҺͳУγһˮϳ
ҽڱˮ֮УæٵĴ߶ˮ鳯źζȥˮոںӴ֮¸߰׿ľ룬ˮ֮ϱı˺üˮְзɻʯзɵаʮصʯͷַ
һ֮ӰһӾˮУ߿ٵζ
룬϶Ͱ׻˺УҪ׷ɱҡ
ͦˮʵҲʮļˮֻиס
Ҵ߶ıˮںм֮¶ж磬˵ˣжٶҲϿݡ
ǣͰ׻ƺˮԶܺãһˮܿ׼ҵķλҿٵ˹
ӵײ棬˻ܵơ
ߣжҪǸһЩҪΪǵǶԵĽǣǶǵг֮ϵĴһܹһ٣ĽʮԵģڶ֮пư
аĶںãЩСˡ
Ͱ׻ϵٶ죬ȴ޷ԽˮӶݵٶȣҺ֮ľڲϵ
һҪӵԶˣ˶ʱЩˣȴҲ֪ˮǸʲô
䳤˼־˫ˮ֮Ķһƾͳ˹
һ֮оӵ׶ڲǺˮ
ǴҵĽࡣ
ûʲôãˮ鲻ܸˮҲֻܹǾ¶Щ仯֮⣬ûоʲô쳣
вãһۣٴη׷Ծˮ档
ʲô˼أ
Ҹоǿ϶ôŹҡ
ܿҾǵͼпܣǾˮ׷ң׷˰ȻسɴֶһֱζȥȻεĳطңΪ֮Чİ취
һ뵽ҶʱΪͷۣ϶Ҳ̫ѲһЩ
ҺܿҲ˶ԲߣȻǴȥζңСүϣźζȥ
ٴδ߶Ǳˮ飬ת˷򣬿ٵĳźζȥ
Ըܹ˦ϼһ
Ϊĸ֣Ϣ೤ˮܴһСʱûģسɴֶת˲ǧ׵ľ룬ҪεĳڵҼֱ׾١
˿̣ҽȫ񶼼ˮ֮ϣתŵеˮһЩٿһЩ
λΣڱˮ˵࣬޷εٶȸһЩˣ˿̣ľֻһ飬ǾǸϽ


1166 
Ҵ߶еԦűˮһ·ϣƬ̲и
Ǳˮɢһ㵭ӫ⣬ȴҲԼǰһЩӵ׵ˮڵżЩϺ֮Ķǰһ
еĴԼʮӣоӦгصľ룬ΪӦǵķȦ֮ȴһӵ׵ʯͷǱһˣȻͳҵǰǰһһԱгҴ˹
һæ˽ȥֵǱУȴЩ࣬Ǳд˱ˮϣܴ͸ˮΧǵƱ͸ϣǽˮŪһΣһԵĺӴײ˹ȥȻֱ˻һԴǵıҲͬ˻ȥ
Ǳбȥ֮ſǱеģ䳤еԧᡣ
ҿڶһҪƿڴĳ嶯
ϼһƻƻأȻֿ˶ң϶һζȥһζȥܵ֡
ǰǰ׻ϵҲˣƫƫȴ䳤ϣ׻ϱҴһƣˣʵۿۣ˵һ£䳤ϵ·˵ˡ
õģҴ򲻹ܻ
ȻӶһᣬҲ̫صˡ
Ƕԧ»ص䳤ϵУ˫һǾʯһҿٵ߶
־ŭ˵˽꣬һл㾦к˹ȥ
ˮУ䳤Ҳһһ㣬οٵһȻһԶ˹ȥһɫĹʱں֮УˮŪһƬǡ
ڱˮɨһۣȻҲ䳤ϲδǱٴδ߶˱ˮ飬ϣٶȻһĿ졣
ܿ죬ҳűˮһŻǵˮǰһξ룬ķȥʱ򣬷䳤ͻȻһɢӫĶһȴɢӫĶȻһֻ˶ڹ꣬䳤Ͼվڹϡ
ڹһֻееĹ飬½Ȼˮٶһܿ׷
ǵǹ鼴ҪˮʱͻȻһΣͣˮУһξ롣
龹Ȼηˮ顣
ϸһ룬˲üĿˮǶϵĶ⺣֮֮ǹȻˮη塣
䳤ϼǹ鲻ǰԵüΪŭǹԴһ£ֳһָǹȻη壬ȴҲӲͷƤ߿ٵ˹
ۿߺܽˣ䳤ϽһŹǣ˫ˮ˹
ʶһͳ䳤ϵƴ˹ȥȻû˵ֺһ˫ȵȴʵʵ˱ˮ档
ˮ鲢ûоʹˮз˺Ӱַ˻Ƶһ㵭Ĺâʱ࣬Ҵڱˮ֮о;תβȡ
ƺǾһζԵʣһֱ˯ĳͻȻ۾̧ͷһۣȻֳŲϱƽǵ䳤Ͽȥüͷһһ־䳤ϵķңңһġ
һĹȥʱһĻ˱ˮ飬䳤϶ȥ
䳤һĨĺɫʱʧɫæٴγһȥһ֣ǹһץǹһ׹⣬ڡ
ţӳбĺâ˲ı˰ˮҵȼһƬĺһ㣬ܶӳյĺͮͮģǶڱˮңҲܵһޱȵȡ
ԼУƺһҺߣȻûġ
Ƭ֮붼û룬ٴδ߶ˮ飬һ·жϣܿƬˮ
ʲôȥ룬ֻǿűˮٶȳζȥˮһ֧ˮںˮС
ÿһÿһ붼ĺʮֵĻҲ֪űˮǰ˶೤ʱ䣬оþúþã沢û׷ȴҲ֪䳤ȥ
иһ£һۻеĳ죬ֲ֪ʲôʱٴλ˹ȥǴϵѪҺһӦûУɹ̵
ֻգűˮˮ渡˳ܿȥһƬҲ֪
δңܾЩ̫ԾһҪս绰˵һ«ѿɽұĲҰ
ҹ绰˺üűͨսҷʲô顣
Щļ򵥵˵һսͰ׻һʱ򣬶ʱҲһ


1167 
ս屻˵ŵĲᣬ׻䳤һصĸ߲һֱصĺһ£ǲ¶ģ¶棬⼸Ҳǵжÿһ϶žǿʵһȻдҪ
Ȼսʲôط費ҪõصصӦǣ˵ܹһصϵֵ»ӳ
ȻڸоûΣգпһص˻Ѱҵټ
ߵǣҺһƬɽҰأԼҲ֪ʲôطֻ˵«ѿɽ
ղų쵹һһУ䳤ϣҪȻô׷ߵġ
ˣ϶֪ͨһص׷ҵټϾҸһص֮ǷŪҲɵġ
ҲҸս˵ֻϽ֪ͨ«ѿɽصԱΧһصİ׻䳤϶ˡ
սԵЩΪѣͰ׻ϳ«ѿɽص鼴ǹҲģ붯õطź͵ŵĶ侯ؾȫװܹһЩʤ㡣
˴ҾͲˣǵְֻǸս򵥵Ĺͨһ£˵Ҽǰߣҵ̵ĵطٸ绰ȥʱҵľλãеص˹ҡ
Ҵ˵˼䣬ԼӵĹ⾰ұػֻϴУ¸һǱǺˮ֮УñˮǰС
һˮ·ల£ҸоӼǰ˴ԼһСʱ֮Ǻϱ͸
ϻĵط϶ǵұһζĸˮ棬ȷʵǵһСǣҿűˮ鵽˰ߣȥֽӱˮﱧ˳˱ˮ飬ͳźӰϵ·첽С
һ˰Ҿʹһ⳵˾ΪĵضΡ
ĿΪ˰ȫһصԲҹȻ£ԽĵطԽȫ
˾ҵҹУұų˸̯ǵ̯ϰкЩɶһߵĳ죬Щɻ˵˵磬ôˣôԶ˼ǲǺȶˣ
ʱϻƤߣһ̫̫ݡ
ţû˵㶫ٴ˵绰ս˹ȥ
һߴŵ绰һ߳ȥΧĹдСǽկս屨һԼλá
սĿʮ֣أ˵ԵƬ̣ܿеصصҡ
Ӧһһ«ѿɽôˣս˵Ѿϼ㱨ˣ«ѿɽǵ侯ؾȫиĵźͷҲԮ᲻ϵдֳ«ѿɽۣصҲȫˣΧȡһصЩаȫ¡
սЩ㣬Ͱ׻λһصĳϣҲ˭˵þµģ˵ûҵңѾɢˡ
ȥ«ѿɽұĿĲΪңΪǸӵж¯֮ӤǵĿѾﵽˣӤǵС
Ǹӵж¯֮Ӥһ뷨ûˣһʼŻ룬ΪӤǸŮޣȴӤȽʬ֮ɸкһЩܲˡ
ȴҲ֪һصӤ˴£ΪʲôǸ㲻ǡ
ȷҲûȥԣĶûаһֱ̫ͣô̼ˣû뵽ܴħͷֵӳ
ߵǰȫˣȴҲ֪ˣûһֻһʱҲϵ
ϸһ룬Ҳ̫ģϼ޻ֶλԣߣʱͰ׻ֶȥ׷ˣ׷ɵ˲ûʲô̫ǿĸ֣ҪȻ׵Ķࡣ
һߵĳ죬ӸղŶԸ䳤ϣһУһ˵֮£ŪϼˣϵѪǺɫ·մʪˣһ£ѦС߸ҩ˺˵ģǬ˱ء
뵽ұ㽫ҩ˳촽˼ҩ裬óֹѪҩ˿һЩһеʱͻȻǰʻһɫı񳵣ͣС̯λԱߣŴӳһˣϴɽװڿɽװ˶һ㣬һصġ
Ǹ³֮۾ɨһȦĿܿҵϡ


1168 Σ
ĿԵһɲǣҲƺϳ
˿첽˹һСӵˣСʵʣ
ҷսÿνҵʱ򣬶˵صĹʣʵͷξ͸ڵһֻǿڵĴ󹩷ÿ궼кôһǮţʾһӣ˼صһʲô鷳ʱ򣬾͹кһҹȥǰæġ
һַֻųļ򣬲أҾս֪ͨģ
С֣˵կصС鳤ϵܴڼһ档
Ҳ֣һգŷҵմȾ˲ٳʳѪҲûн⣬ǵͷһۻȥĳ죬λǡ
һѣһصˣЩˡҽ͵
˵ĺذǾͲҪﺮˣϽϳҴȥص飬ѿ϶ܹõʱľΡʮֳϿҵ˵
ӦһǷ϶ٿǮ˳С
˳ӣһߺһ߿ٵķ˳ӣɵʻȥ
·ϣӿĺܿ죬һ߿һҵʲôôӡ
ҶʱЩɻսû˵
ٺһЦ˵֪һЩֻ˵һصˣҲûж˵ֻӦ
Ҵ˵һҲû˵̫࣬˵Ͱ׻϶ˣԼٸһص¡
ʮֳԾӣ˵䳤ϺͰ׻ϿһصΪǿ֣ܹӳǱд²Уϵֶܵεǿ
ҺһάҲӦš˿תͷų⿴ȥʱ򣬷⳵ѾʻɵŽķȥ
صȥüطϤһصĲŶӦǣȻƫƧǲнص齨֮ĵط
صҲһͻţֹ¶ܹʱĳԲŻὫ䰲ķΧ֮ڡ
϶ҲկС˵һ⡣
֮⣬һһɻĵطΪʲôص˹ӦֻɳһôҲϰɣ
Ҳпկص˶ȥ«ѿɽȥΧһصˣּȱԲɳһˡ
Ӻܿʻʧȥ˽ѾƬˣȻǽһֱǰ
ʱҾЩסˣʵ磬կصͦԶİҼǵصһ㶼
Ŷկ⣬صڽϳǸ죬ǾʱǨ˱𴦣żܿ͵ˣǰ
˵ţֽӿһЩԼǰ֮ͻȻһɲӸͣһ·̣Щյ˵ѽ쵽ſˣ⳵Ӻ˵⣬ȻȥϾͺã
˵ţͽ⿪ȫҴ³³ʱ򻹳΢΢һЦ
ҿߵǰ棬򿪣ۡ
ͻȻ䣬ҵͻͻĿĪĶһּΣС
붼û룬һѱס˳죬ٰ˲ֶΣһӳ˳
Ҹһų³ǳԶʱ򣬾¡һ죬񳵾Ȼըˡ
Ǳըһ̣ұųٴʩչٰ˲ֶΣ˶ʮ֮⡣
ȥǳʱ򣬷ǳŨ̹ѾΧǰ˵Ҫ޳ôѾͷˣ
ҿʲô
սҽܵ˾ȻҲẦң
һɲǣҳ֮⣬ޱȵķŭôСӣȻҺҡ
ѵ˵Ͳصˣһص
ıӰһҧһεıųʩչٰ˲ֶΣһʮΣܿʮ׵ľϤ붼û룬ұ˽꣬һл㾦ͳ˹ȥ
һɫĹ籡ֱӴԶĵ֮ϣһӣŽһײ˵ϡ
Ҳ̾ɱʲôǲصˣ
ڵأһٰ˲ٴһ࣬пѾһεһתһ̧֣ͻȻһѺڶǹֱӾߵ˰ãٰ˲ֶ־һǿ۶ͬʱѾһεӳ˰˲⡣


1169 ǹ
һԣǹָı˷һεĶ׼ңٴο۶˰
ã̤գڵϵʱȻٵһշ䣬շֻϣҵǰЩӵȫϸ⣬ǰһ׵ĵط
ǹеҲκβңͷܣ죬Ҳһߡ
۾ܵķȥߵķԶһׯǴҿ϶ûȥ·۸ӣһӵҸطҲ޴Ѱ
ΪĵǣҵѾ¶ˣ¾һصկٴθûͷûԵ׷ȥпܾͻ˵˲õȦס
կʱ򣬰׻䳤˵ҲѾկһǽͶ飬ҾһǲҪĺá
ԣǸСׯܵʱҲ෴ķ񱼶ȥ
ܵͬʱ룬ڵǸӵһʲô̶ȣҵ׻ûֵŵˣ
һȻɣսпҲһصˣҪء
ҲҲԸŵ顣
һǾãսǲģһֱֵܿҪǺңǾ̫ĺˡ
ˣҲûٸսϵǿٵĳկȥΪȺԽܼĵطԽǰȫһصеڽϡٵĵطΪǾ顣
ұų첽Уͷȥʱ򣬷ѾûӰ
Խڽϻʱ䳤Խܹоϲ⣬ڶЩãˡ
ôˣ
һν֮УɵĶ࣬ôо˭ںأҲȷǲǡ
ڵĽпɣսҲпɣկص͸ǿˡ
ҪأǸŵ顣
ǹƴҵǲ£˱ͱӣԼΪŵǸԼܽܵ顣
ĻҵҲָĲˣų쵹Ҳۡ
ҵļƻҹܵկһҸ߼ıȰȻ취ϵƣһ취ϳǡ
ڳϵƣÿԴȥҶȣѦҩ̵ȥơ
Ҳ֪ӵ˵жء
һϳǣһϾǰȫˣطزģܾĴա
һҾͱųڻȥ;УҿмһζըѾ˱ˣôԵ飬޴ĺȻ˺ܶ˵⡣
СӿôݵģȻڳϰװըҪһֱ־裬оֳһ˿˿쳣˵Ѿըķˡ
Сʱ֮ұٴαųһ⳵˾ȥõľƵꡣ
ͣ˾Ƶſ֮һ䷿ų¥ȥ
կСнһ㣬õľƵҲǸǼҪһܴķӣų˽ȥķڴϡ
һҹľĶǣò״ұӳΪȫˣֲըڵҲòСġ
һһȻſ˻ȥĳ죬һĶͷоû֮ǰǰˡ
Ҽǵүү䳤ϵ֮ܲȶһƶȫͣѵƶѾȥ
ֿʼ鿴һϵˣ첲ͺ󱳷ֱˣֻǺ󱳵·˿ӣûѪ˿ľǸ첲ˣⶼ˳ЩĿģ֮ǰһЩֹѪҩǲѪˣ˿ô¶ҲȾ
ҴǬ˱ȡֹѪһ˿ڣǱ׼׸һ֣ͿؿڸʴⷢĿá
ûһͻȻ۾Ŀңҵ־ͣľЩΣһ£һֿۣһҵ֣ʱЩŵ˵㡭Ҫʲô
ûʲôƵ
ûʲô·ʲôһѵҵ֣԰׵ɫ΢΢һ졣
ӣˡҿ첲ˣһšûб˼æ͵
һתͷĹһۣ־ģ
һկСǡĿǰһұ֮Сʵ
컷һܣĽԼϵƤ߸¶ĿƤһҿӶʱͿ˳۶ˣòһ˫۾Ϊ񣬾Եһ


1170 ӱ
컷һ֮ҵϣȻʵôط
ұͰ׻ϴ֮󣬾һֱģڼ䵹ѹһΣǾľȴǲ̫˽⡣
ˣҿȥʮѣұĸһ鵱ʱľ徭һֱüͷҧ촽ȴ֪ʲôҽһֱӵԱߣȻҴ߶ˮһֱϣկʱ򣬳ƺżһЩ顣
ʱ߶ı˰䳤ϸߵģ񻹽ˡ
ҽЩʱһֱû˵ֻЩŵʵҲ˵Ǹӵж¯֮СӤһصУ
ҵ˵ͷÿɷ˵ǰСӤ󱻰׻ϸˣ˵ʱܹӳѾʮֲˣĻ˵ӤӤҲֻȺͲҲһġ
֪һ˵ɫһ±ޱѿǽһ㺮
ģҲЩ棬ʵˣӣɶȥұǼƷ¯Ӥǲʲôôҿ˵ǼƷ¯ӤܹЩеĹʬУһֱҲûʲôС
ɫӵѿһʵұʲôأҲΪӵж¯֮Ӥ
Ҷûʲôģ˵ǰҾΪӤ߾һСȣȥȥ͵Ǳ˰Ϊ˰СָʶұǶ¯֮ӤСʬ֪꣬һССһұȻ֣ӵ˶һصˣ㣬ߵǣӵж¯֮ӤǸޣʱҴʧ
ȻѾȫ̹ˣǳƺûи˵ȥұԵɣĬһٴ̧ͷһۣɫζлˣҪҳڿ϶ЩһصС
ɶ㵱Ҳȹһ³зֶʱҪ㼰ʱ֣Ѿ߻ħͷϵĲݶ߸ˡҴֵ˵
ȴҡҡͷ˵һҪлл㣬ҵһҳ־Ǿ֮ͣ־ȴǻȥݶûлᣬһӱ
˵֣أֿӳˮ飬ؼǷĺðҲ֪ʱôģ͸ЦҪлҵĻҲٺ١
⻰һ˵ڣǳɫ΢΢һ죬ɫͺתͷȥٿңǱҵᱡˡ
һʱЩ֪ЦЩˣֵ˼ղŸ㿪ЦҾôһ˵ǧɱˡ֮ǰҼ㱻䳤һƣԲŵ˷ǳصˣ䳤ϵƷɲģƷΪƣƶȫѪҺڣս϶ܲҵģүүͱ䳤ϴһƣҷ˾ţ֮ҵ˽ѩҽãҲˣҺһ䣬䳤ϵƶа취ֻ꣬ܰ㵽ˡ
˵ٴ̧ͷңûͷûԵʵ֮ǰҳʲôҩ
һ㶣Щµ˵ӣɱᣬҿûҩ̫Բȥģҿɸɲۿɲֲɻ
ҳʲô˵ҩ춼Щʲôأ켫ΪƵ˵
ҸƵĲУͷƤ֮ǰҿ̫أ˳ѦС߸ҵһЩҩ඼ãЩҩѦλүõģҩЧʮ档
һ£Ҳ˵ʲôҩҲ֪Ҷҩͨҩһ͵ģѦѦСߣ֪û˵Ѧҩ̣ҩǼõġ
㻹ʶѦҩ̵ˣЩԾ˵
ҺѦϵһĺáЩԺ˵
ֲҵƻָô죬ԭҽҵҩ治ͬ졣˼˵ţֿʼԼףǼɫѪ¸һԣ¶źһѩ׵ı۰ֻһ첲Ѫģ˿ںܳȻ˼򵥵ĴʱѪ͸˳
һ쾹Ȼ£ҵıӲĴ֮ɣ


1171 뿪
ȻҷЩˣ콫֮һɫıģǱĿʮر𣬲Ѱ·ЩֹƵģʮһ㵭º͹󣬾Ǳĵļ򴦣һӡӦ䳤ĳµĺۼ
һǼ򴦵ӡ֮󣬳Ÿҽ͵֮ǰ֪һصҲҪȥұбͰ׻϶ˣԱ׼ϴ·˿⬼ףܹƶ͸䳤ϵƲûнƶɢҵϣص޷ǾǱһ࣬ҲЩ𣬲ιҳԵЩҩҲǶ֢ҩҸоѾ˺ܶࡣ
һ˵жʱÿο˲٣һֱ鶼ѹͷģȻ˲١
ֿһ첲ϵˣ˵Ҫһ£̬ȴ࣬Ҳûоܾ
˿֮ұһʲô㣬ھ뿪ǵȵԺ
˵ڵ廹ܲȻûܵ䳤ƵĶȴҲҲˣһʱҪúҲû취˶ˣҲҪȵ֮ŻЩ
ӦһʾȻ˵ΪʲôҲ뿪Ҫѡһסأ
¶ЩˣﻹΪصԵʣҪҸط򵥴һ£˳µҪΪˡ
ᣬΪҼɫ⣬⽫ݿء
Ҳ˵ʱ̫ŵߣҲûǸ˼֪ǳ죬ҲΪ˿һ˸һصƴ
ǣұ㽫կ֮˵һ£иܺõصģһկϵկص˹Ӧң˳ˣ֪կصȴһصڳﰲըҩһҺͳըڳ
ЩսҲҲϵǱ¶вء
ʵҲ뻳ս壬ϾôĽˣҵկֻսһ֪ϢȻй¶ȥģȻһصžɳԸңҲòСľֻڹػ״̬κ˵ĵ绰ӣҪȷʮְȫ֮ſٴδֻ
һ˵ʱЩסˣæվ𣬲ǣϵƣ˻ȥ
ؿڣЩ˵СҪ뿪Ҳȫ
һһѲסæʵôˣǺòŵ㣬ƨɻûȺأôҪߣһֻˣܲͣһ
أΪ֪կûиκ˽ӴأȻѾһص˽Ӵһһпܾͱ¶ǵļ֮£һصΪұǸӵж¯֮ӤõʮȫұԲʮ֮ȫһصߣڲӣһûлˣֽ˵
һЩԾ˵ôܣկһصĵӾٷʣҲΪɣУӵж¯֮СӤ׶һصжôҪΪλôж
ûʱˣڸϿߣüҪȻһ϶ĺܲң˵ţٴҲȻЩŽɣǴ߳ұݡ
ʮżģȻأŲȴæĺܣǸճ˷ûãֻʮľ룬¥ĹսǴһŲץҸ첲ֱһǽ֡
ˣҾ;ЩԣһܣȻߵԵһ䣬һƾͳǷŵ˹ȥ
ᣬҹһЩɽţǷŵʱһƸˣûз̫죬붼û룬ֱųǸ䣬Ȼš
һȥʱһʮֻ𱬵Ļ棬һһŮڴսٻغأǽͱˡ
ͷһۣɫһ죬ܿתͷȥ
ʱǴϵŮ˶׷׳߿Ůһ죬Ҫһٰ˲ȥһҩ˹ȥһŮ͵ȥ
ѦСߵҩ湻ͨմһɥʧǡ
Щ飬¥ʹһٵĽŲǳǸղ߳Ǹȥ
汻˵ˣһص˹Ȼҵټָơ


1172 ˣ
һֱǵùߵģεһأû뵽ǰŸߣһص˾˹ԭЩиٴȫĵĽ䱸
Ҳʮֽţһ˫۾ɵԲ
ҲΪʲôһصָƣΨһȷǣǸվһģǿԺѡ
Щ˴ſһʱ䷿ĴԱߣ˳㻹Ŵһ˿ҵǶŮһۣһƱӣ˸סˡ
˵ŮĻ
ԲסλǴһˣҲûа취ҲΪ
ס֮ӴСĵĳ¥¿һۡ
סǼͳһ·ⶰ¥¥ӷһʱݵſͣźüһ񳵵Ավˣ۾һֱĳܴ
ӦǸ¥ǵЩһģǶһصˡ
ˣţСү׷Ǳˣӳ˼ʮ⣬׷ᣬ꣬Сүأ
뵽һջȻ˳죬˼ø⡣
Ƭ̣ͻȻȡһɫСϴˣǰװŵƤߣ̯֮˵ϴűõƤߣһһŮܹϣһǻܻܲȥʵڻ첻ȥҲֻܸƴˡ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻˣһֱﲻߣһصҲҹ
ԸҸϽ·Ƥ߻λƵȥϴּ䣬˳㻹ӴͷϽŮ˵·
ҲλҲ˵·ٵĻ
ҸոŪã˳ʱֻһģһʮŮӵģȥһʧ㸾ŮĴ磬Ȼû֮ǰǰÿû˵˼ǣŵλŮ˴Щ¶һװĺһ࣬Ҳ֪ѾͷǳʲôģֱһСţ׻һƬֱ۾
һʱ䣬ҿųװЩ񣬶һۣɫһ죬Щõ˵ʲôٿӸڳ
ʱӺҲ˵ʱڤ֮أΪҸ߳˲֪ٲΣȻ֮ңѾǵǸ°ˣϵֶҲȴʱĳȥ
˵ɽһߣǱһģ첽ߵҵߣұ˸£վҵǰбóǸˮݹƤߣʼϸķҵϡ
ʱ򣬳֮վţš
ؿö׼ҵ۾һŮе֮ɢĿǰɫһ˱Ѫ̫̼ˡ
ֻŸҴƤߣǺǰ飬Ū֮󣬿Щ񣬶ʱ׹˵һƾͳ˦˹ʱˣģҲûжۡ
åɫߺ죬ֱתȥ
ҹƵ˵ӣҸɶôˣ
ղĿأѹ߷ߵ
ȥҴƤߣܱܲ۾ɡˣǵ˱˻ԡ
ԣ֪ػ֪ڲǼƽ¶ʱֻǺݺݵĵһۣߵ˴ߣŮ˵Ƥ´ϣԴڵס첲ϵ˿ڡ
Ƥ֮Ҳһ¾ӣʱһʮСȴЩҲûҲֻˡ
ֻƤ΢ЩֲڣѦС߸ҵƤƤȣǲࡣ
ʰ׵֮ͳţòǣǶ˵һţұһס˳ļ򣬹˵˵ӣ򲻴ǳȥԸҹһսٻغϣ
˵򣬴λñ˼ɱˣһʮߣһһʶ֮ǰҪǸ
ҵûпǣ§ĽģҲӶҵϣĺأ·ȡ
ܹоǼ˵ĿҺͳϴһεΡһ죬ֱ÷һ䷿ӵţֱ˽ȥ
Щ˽ȥ֮󣬳ֱϺݺݵһ£۵죬гֿǹݵġ


1173 س
ڣѾȫ϶Ⱥ˾һصɱǵġ
ҸղŻͷʱһۣ⼸˵овǰըҵǸ
˴󰸣Ȼߣһ۷˵һ飬Ǿȫ֪ͨص˹ʰڵկصѾȫһصС
ԭ޴жϣֻ֪Ǿկһȫĵط
ҿȺһص˴򿪷õһܵķַֻǰ̨Уǰ̨ķԱѾȫסˡ
Щһصһ䷿֮ųٵ¥һ¥һ濴ǰ̨ԱſҲ֪Ҳûʱȥ鿴ͳ˱ݵĴš
ſڵʱ򣬾Ϳſڴͣһɫ񳵣ڳԱվˣһģͣĳɨţһ۾ܹĳǰλҲߣΪá
һصȻ˹ɱңһ϶ʮĸ֣Ⱥ˵оͰ׻Ҳδ֪¥ϵʱЩ飬Ҳûиϸȥɨǡ
ҿվԱߵļһʱҲңûϳҾܿͽתƵһԡ
Ȼȴų쳯˹ȥ쿴һۣЩ⣬һ£Ҳûͣ˼ٿǮ˴һкǶȥطǮǵˡ
ٴοңһݵƵ˵ȥߴ⳵ȥ
ݣôô˵أͲ£ôأָǸ˵ıҲһ䣬˹ȥ
ǸݵһЦ潫ҵһԺֵĻˣ͵ҿȻһнҸŵء
ҿٵߵߣһȭͳϴȥСҲץ˹ߵǣҴʱͻȻɿƣһҩǼһһ㶣ȭͷûдҵϣҲҩķΧ֮ڡ
Ǹ֣ҩҲûеڵϣӻΣһʮ־ģҪſںһ̾Եȥ
˵£к˳һϳ
׹Ҿǹ鷳ģ첽Ҳ˸ʻֱӷ˳ӣһţͿ˱ݡ
ҷӵʱ¥ĴʹˣԴ¶˳϶˵ϵŵˣȻֿӱˣܹҲֻгƨɶѡ
ţǼֱӴ¥ҵĳ׷
ʻ˱ݣžһĴʱȻǺҹ·ϳϡ٣һ˱ݣҾͽӿķɿ죬ֱ쭵һ٣Щ˼ǳ˷ëȣҲ׷ңգۼĹЩ˾ͱ˦ûӰ١
ЩҲǹƵģңȴʧۣ֮װ׵ĴɱҵĻᡣ
ӺܿʻկһĿҿ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻ˵Ҳ̫ܿã˵жλװãһǽӶһطȻС
⳵ôȽƵ
ûУСһЩĺãҪȻ㽫ӳسǿɣһŵ㣬ܹ֤ǵİȫ
˵ұЩɻ󣬵ҲûиʲôݣȻһŵ㡣
³зֶ潫ҾʱݳҲһŵ㡣
ҲûжʣҵĻǿ϶˵ˣЩ֪Ҳǰʡ
ұĻӳҵ˵λǸسǵĵط
կسҲԶԼһٶ๫ľ룬ҿСʱ㵽Ŀĵأȵ֮ɫѾ
Ӻҵһطִͣһ⳵˾ʦһַ˾㳯Ǹط˹ȥ
سת˰СʱҵĹǱ㵽һطһλôسǱȽƫƧڣ˳֮ұų˼ͬȻһԺſͣ
н˼ţԺʹ˽Ų򣬳ѾϵƤ߸Ҳָ˱ò
Ŵ֮һʮҵ˼վǵǰһ죬Щ˵С㣬ˡ
̫̫ĿҵϣЩɻʵλǡ
һѡ
˼ҺãѡҺٺһЦ


1174 
̫̫һ£ΪԾæԭδүˡʧʧ
ҶšϹ˵һͨѡͷһۣкҸϽȥ
Һͳɢ֮Ҷ濴һۣŹ˷ţһȥ
һʮµСԺԺиɫֲкܶ໨俪ޣɢһ㡣
ƿţȥ˼ٴιţߵ˳ߣʵС㡭ǼûУҿ˵첻̫ƽһֱΪ㵣š
ҡҡͷЩε˵̫ˣͰ׻ϵΪֲ̫ԶԶĳҺܶ࣬Ҳ飬һУҪȣ
˵ţٴθмĿң̫̫ҵӳԾæλСǸʬҵĺ
Ҿ΢Ц˵
ȻþªţǶڽϵһЩ黹֪һЩģŽֳ֮һ˲õǸʬҵĺɱʬźʬ֣նɱһصȸħɽһս֮УǴɽ˶ľССͣⷬΪҲȻ𾴡
ſˣһЩѣҲкܶѰæģһôı¡Һѵ
Ҷſ佱䣬ֿ˳죬㿴˳ƺأ첲ϲƵɴ˿ڣ֮󣬱˵ţȥһЩʳҲõģطܰȫҹġ
Ҷ˼ұʾ˸л֮һ飬Ǭ˱֮óһҩƿݸ˳ӣҩҲѦҵģܹѪԭ˿ڣͿĨ˿֮ϣ֤ò˶ñָƤϸй˵㳤ͦÿģ첲Ҫ̺ۣͲǺˣҲǣ
ŮǶǰģѦҵҩǧҲ϶ϣԼ첲Ƶİ̺ۣҩûƳ٣˻ȥ˵һлл
ɶ˭˭ǹĽ˰ɡˬ˵
ͷĬȻһº
һദйŮһңľЩΣϻһȽϱ¶װ
Ƭ̣ͱЩɫͻȻǲǶҵʮֺ棿
û뵽ͻȻ˵ȷʵͦģ˵ͷ˵ǣҳ֪֮⣬һ֪ҪǲĻԸ˵
ԥϳ¼ҵˣԥϳ¼ߣǼҵгңӦ֪ɣ쵭˵
棿һ˵ҼĲϱ
Ǽǳ棬֡ͼϡšҡӡֳ֮Ϊϣ컹ʮֵ˵
ȻȴܵˣҪҼҵţˡ
˵ǸǸ˲õγһλŸѧʦλ˼Ҽ̳˺ѧͳѻ徲Ϊ˼롢ۻһɣ˳Ϊ桱˯ɡϣʦȣ䵱ɽңڻɽ̨ۣλ˼ǴͳĻидɫʵһʦž΢޼ͼ˵λţҹʷ˼ʷ϶гߵΪӺׯ֮ĵ𣬾һдã˿˵ᣬͨټ֮ճһʦéɽһĵž뢣û뵽쾹ȻǳĴˡ
˼ҵ׿ɲһĺʵҸǼһȣǲԶˡ
ֲΪȥͰ׻ϵĻ˼ǼѧԨԴһЩзǶ˲ֶΡ
겻ѣľ
űֵǼУԥ֮أǰЩʱգүүҹ󣬷ֻ֮Ǵ䣬Ǵ֮ףһ֮ϱؽͿ̿һƽ֮Уүүǲ˽ֹһص£Ȼұ²ãղܻ£»Ĵнеһƽˡ
˵գ첻̾һ
ЩȦæʵȵȡǴһصʲôϵ˵ǲӵǶ¯֮Ӥɣ


1175 Ҫ
ô˵Ҳȫǣӵж¯֮Ӥֻһ壬һµסӤ廹ˣǣүү˵ʮֲֿǲֻ֪ת˶ٴεһħͷһټʮ꣬һʬ꣬ƿһصǵʱ϶в·ŵߣвģҰģҪԼУۻת޽ʮΪҼ滹ţһǴ˵Ķ֡
һ£ֵԣүүƱҪӵж¯֮Ӥ֣һصǽʬ꣬Ϳ̿һصһֱȺףΪıã׼ɳһصʮ־һô£Ѿ֪飬Ǳһһʱ̽ӣȴҲ޷үүҲ˵ֻܾȥҲɹĻʮã˳Ӧ¼һƽٷֹɹˣ˵ûһӵж¯֮Ӥ÷վᷢЩֻŬȥ˭Ҳֹˡ
˵ֻĪһħͷˣӵнʮΪǶôµ飬¼ҸүسҲ޷ֹħͷ
뵽ͻȻһ飬æˣ㵱ʱǽŸũʱӦǵһӴǶ¯֮ӤΪʲôһͲӤˣһѻոɸɾҲк鷢ˡ
ҡͷУҲôǸӤǶ¯ֻܴ֮죬һּΪҵʱɱˣᱳ÷ֻȻһصҲὫɱˡ
ҵ˵ͷԭôһ¶
󣬳ֿң˵˵ħͷһЩԨԴҲүү˵ģ˵һصǰǰ̣һټʮǰйһδսɽǴΧ˰ܶ棬淢ģʱһĴʦ֣һսյĽǣ֪ʲôֶΣɱǰ̵ܶգȴûնɱ꣬ʱ̵תֻصĻᣬҲ˵Ƕ¯֮ʬ˱һټʮǰнĶ״ðգһ˵֪еϵˡ
˵ʵȷʵͦ𾪵ģһټʮǰү˰ܶܶգֻأҪʬ꣬˷ˡ
˼ת˽ʮĳãүʱҲˡ
飬ҶҲһЩ˽⡣
˵ɱǰյĲүүλʦֻķߣȻҲǰս֣дˣǰոɱģҸүģǧһǰͬھֻǺҸүҲתˣҵүŻᷢЩ顣
һδսҲǻһټʮ̫ƽ񣬺Ҫˡ
ħͷһƱҪѪɺӵĽࡣ
ҳĬһԽԽЩ̫㤣ҵ˳棬ϵĶֶšһһͬԸ˲С
ڵĽɲһټʮǰϽʱһñʱ
ڣܶҲʼ׷Ͳˣһټʮ䣬ҲкܶඥʧʽĩʱһȺˣôսʬǿأ
ձһټʮ꣬ǿƻع飬ޱȵķߺޣȻҪ񱨸¸ɡ
ϾʱЩ֮У¸ŵ
ԽԽǾÿ£һ㿳˳죬˵ǽǸô죿а취𣿡
ҡͷ˵ûа취ֻܾ䣬һƽپҪˣӲġ
ǡǰռǽʬˣֻǸСӤʲôµģҪҲʮ֮ɣһһ˿ʵ
̫ˣһսʬ꣬ܿǰ£Ҳʱ䣬һָʶ᳤ĺܿ죬пܲһ꣬ܳ߰ģ󣬹ָܻΪʢʱڣ˵ĻԺ±ûĶˡɫ
ղ˵֮ڣָʶô˵֮ҵսʬǸӤĻɢԺ޷ˣʵ


1176 ֮£
Ȼ˵ҪǾڵˣȣһصӵж¯֮Ӥ϶ҪתƵһʮεڣ֪ӦûᱻתƵһص֮ܶУڶඥֻסȫҲ˵ûӤǰյ飬һصܶĴųĿǶ֪һصܶصļΪݣҲ޷ҵȷзλΪһص಼ã˾ŹͷѨλһƬ磬үүҲݹһüĿûСٴδҵ
ЩѰˣҲ˵ֻĵȴǰսʬ꣬ӶȴΪ
ڵǼΪֻаķݶˡ
һսʬɹҪԸ˿϶ңǳ޿ɴȥˡ
꣬¶ŪģҪ֪ᷢչôʰĵز˵ʲôҲֻһ벻ҸүҲúһСӣҪǵֻλϹ̵ߣܹԸͰ׻϶ˡ
ߵûҩģ˵ʲôˡ
һ̾ʱϱ˺ôѹ
ҸʱҶѾ˷ˣкǹȥԡ
⣬ǾҸڸδã治Сɫܹƿص˵ġ
Ȼ飬ҾӦ֪ͨصˣΪһߣӦ˴Σ˵һص˶Ըǽŵߣһ˱ˣʣµͨ˿϶Ҳ⡣
֮£ѡ
ҰıȻĺܣҪ¡
ڳԷʱҺͳҲû飬⻰һ˵ҵһֱģȻҶķʮֿɿڣҲû϶٣ûʲôθڡ
ڳԷʱҶŵʮ̸ֽʹҵһЩ飬䡢ͼͥԱȵȣƺҸΪһԡ
λ˼ңҲʵشˡ
˵ֻССڵĳԶǹҶϳ
˵쳤ĲԸҲܺãҪǳȸҪѾͷˣϲͣ飬һŸһЩʲôһ鷳ⷽ˼͵ˡ
Թ˷֮󣬳쿴ȥЩƣһкܶҪûٴ˼Ǹǣ˵Ҫصϳȥ
żҶЩʱգҲЩҪ˼˵ҵĺܣһص˿϶ң˵ѾһصĶĿǵȷ֮뿪
ȥѾﻹʵɵİΣӳȥˣȻ취ϵңҵĵ绰һֱػҲ϶ʮֵġ
ѾսпҪңҲҿ
ڵޱأԼ֮⣬ѾʼþΪ׽˶̫ɿˡ
صһʮŵģܹһпõ֧Ԯҵֻλ׾֪ʲôط
ԣҲ￪Ǳ¶˳ڡ
޷ҲֻգֻǷԸҶһƤߣһͨӵ·һˣǲһҳš
͵ſڵʱҲһ飬㽫ҵֻ˳죬һصʲôĻʱϵңȻʲô鷳ҲѰ
εǴ󷽣Ҳһ绰룬˵ʲôĻ绰ܹҵ
γĽҵˣǰĿйƾһСһصĽɫۼʶҵǿ֮󣬲Ż
ܹһصô֮ѣһŻȥѾ֤ҵǿ
νӶԼģһǴµµΪ˭ҲὫֻչֳԼǿһ棬˲ܹƵ㡣
һͷ֮ұٵ뿪СԺӡ
⼸Сͬת˺һŵسǣһ·εŵ˻վﲢ𳵵ģǴһڳ
ڴƤߵԵʣƱǲģڳҲ˵Ƚϰȫ
ڻվתһһȥʵͽʦ̸˼Ǯҳϳǵķȥ
ؾһ仰û˵ȳطʮ֮ҲŴֻ
ֻһ򿪣ҷ־Ȼмʮδӵ绰д󲿷ֶսģ⻹мİ룬û´ĻЩİӦɵġ


1177 Ե
Ǵֻģһ㶼ѡù绰һЩ벢ͬһ绰ġ
Ĵ˲ֻȫ⣬Ϊֻųɹ۷ݶͨڞųĹ۲͸ӦıģֻȷʵʮӰһ׼ȷԡ
˳ȥҲҵԤ֮УôһϺܹ꣬а취ġ
ֻմһСսĵ绰ʹ˹
һսЩе˵Сšأ
ҡҵĻӦ
ˣҾ֪СӸ󣬿϶һžͺãҪȻҿ϶ҪһӡսЩ˵
ȻȴǺǺЦһ˵֪鳤ʲôεģ˲𣿡
սһҿԣЩˣСţʲô˼ѵ㻳Ҫô꽻ˣʲôѵ
ĸƤ֪֪治֪ģô֪ʲôˣֻ֪Ҹ˵绰֮󣬸յկһص˹ңȻڳﰲըҩҪҵʱһЩѾըһˣʱֻϵһˣҾһ֪ʲôطѵòӦøҽһ𣿡ҳ˵
绰ͷĬһս̾Ϣһ˵Сţ㻳Ҳû¶ȷʵ⣬кܴΣʱҲû뵽һص˻կص鰲Եףº֪ŵҳһ亹һϻ϶ڸ绰ˣҲϵϡ϶ˡ
ô֪կصԵأƽʵ
ʱұ֮ҽž͸㱨˾飬¶үүֳҲ֪ŵĻҲԴ绰ֳȷϡ֪֮󣬱ұԲ֮ڵұķ̨ۣɽҲиɮ̸ȥ㵽կʱǸկص鳤ϵģ˹ȥӦģǸӦ˽ҪȥģʱկصĴ󲿷ҲҪұۣԵʱβûж룬һȥˡ
˵սһ£ֵ˭û뵽һصկصԵףկصѾˣһֱַ֣û¶κţկص˸˽Ҳһȫεˣ֪ϣկصĴ󲿷ȥұʱȻʮһصĸֳկص飬ɱկصʮˣ֪ǸԵףʱҾ;ԣһֱ绰СţԲסˣʧְû
ս˵Ҳǵˮ©ҶĽ䱸ࡣ
˵鲢ƿ֮Уصĸˣկǧ֮ңҲܶϤկص
û뵽ǣһûǱݵжסңȻܵկص飬һɱ˶ʮˣС˼ҲǹģկصϾĵط˵ɱɱһڲ
կص鵱ʱǶʮˣп϶󲿷ֶߣǸկصְԱҴ඼Ůˡ
С̫ôǶˣҪ֪Сôݶ͸ɱ
Ĭһһ¿սԲסˣ磬Ҳϱһص׷ĸɥ֮ȮƵģһ϶ûͣΪص˾Ͱȫˣըһӻ̫ôˡ
û¶Ҳ⣬϶Ҳỳɵҵͷϣʱ̫ˣѾȫ˵ƿأһصһıϣկص⵽һصϮұļصͬ˷ǳĳ˲أһصǸĵɽβ޷ˣһȫ˱ľ棬ʧصԱѾﵽˡսʮƵ˵
ʲôˣ׻䳤ҵûУʵ
ûУȴ󲿶ӼȥʱͰ׻Ͳ֪ܵȥˣֻһЩССϺ󲿷ֶһصֶұһһʮȫ̵ĥڴΧҲٶһصʬףЩһص˿϶ɱİɣս
󲿷ֶɱģҲûֵʲôˣȺͶʦֶˣڻ֪˵Ρʵ


1178¿ֻź
һ˵˫ԶĬһƬ֮սͻȻֵСţһһصŪĶܴԴҼصѾʮˣûмصộôʱֳ϶˽͸һЩһصŪôĶΪʲô֪
֪սдһʣȻѾ߰˷ս岢ҪҵǸˣһ޷ȫȷԣһۣûд㽫ҵǸһصľıս塣
սһص˵ĻҿеõϢȻһص׼Ļ߻ٴޱȱľ档
ҳһ£ŵһصȥұΪһӵж¯֮ӤЩеĹ޽ʬ꣬Ǹĸ˽ʬҾͲ֪ˣҲ²һصȸħΪħ³ֶʱɱĻڡ
ս˼ӦһЩ૵˵ԭôһ¶
˵գսֵСţأ
ڻϳǵ·ϣƽϾܵҡһص
Ǻðɣʲôġ˵ţս͹ҵ˵绰
绰ҵ֮ұ۾ʼϸĻսˣ֮ǰûʲôطĲף¶ʲô˿һصˡ
ǻһ⼸ദĵεΣһжĺܺãһصϴһصԵ׵ĻǾ̫ˣĻҲǾԵز©
սļҲЩ˽ģսеıˣټҴѧŹԵ۰³УԲűнص飬һ·򣬲Ż쵽ֵز
۴ʲôطս嶼һصˣΪûҪ
һľЩͷۣ㲻ȥ룬һϵĴҲȷЩˣڳһ
ֻǸոձ۾ҵֻٴһһİĵ绰롣
붼û룬Ҿͽͨ˵绰һһٺٵЦЦɵġ
Сţأɵ
û취ҾǴСǿһЩӳˣûܵʲôΪɣʵ
һصЩСආܽϷôţʱǿñˮ֮в뿪ģǲİ׻䳤϶Ǳˮ飬ˮνƽأҾ֪϶ӳг˵
Ȼʵӵ֮Ͱ׻ϲûзŹңҪǳб˰䳤ϣ˵ںҾ͹ҵˡ
¶Ҳûи˵Ѿųˣʲôǿ
ȻҾʲôطɸ˵ѾԽҰصϳǣڼһȥء
˫֪Էȫ֮󣬺Ĭľ͹ҵ˵绰ɺεȴ֪Щ鲻·˵һлǵǻȥ֮ټƽϡ
ɵĵ绰֮ұһָڳϿʼԼ塣
һԽϵƣ
Ǹоʱŵģٴ۾ʱѾϳǺܽˣҴʱɫȻЩڡ
ͻȻ˵ȣʱǱ׻ϸ˵ģΪòǼƷӤǬ˱֮С
һֱ·ϣҲûʱȥȵΣЪϢˣʶͨһ£ʶײһʱҺܿʹȵϸܵһֻֿŸУҲܾ쵽ȴʱ
ʶȹͨ˺üΣȲ˻Ӧ˵ʱǳųӵͷһʮķˣѾ˵꣬Ҫúһʱܹ
ҲпܣһΣȵĵлܴܵˣո۵Ĺ֮Ҫصԭľ硣
ˣҺۣܹڰ׻͹֮¼ôãûбĻɢѾǿˡ
ܹţʲôá
һҪȺͶʦԣҹҿ϶ˡ
ȺͶʦһεĳ֣ǸҴ˺ܴľϲȳɾ͹֮壬ʦ˺ĸǧ껱Ļޡ
Ϊ䳤ϵһƵöʦֱӡ
ţӾͿҰ迪ǼС̵ĸ˾ͣǧǮлһȻ󿪳ˡ
ҪȥСȥƵʱ۾صſɨһۣȴһʮȤ飬ɴ˿صĴſڣǼүӺʲô


1179 ͢
˳֮󣬼үӺɾͷңңңĸҴһкתͷȥү
ʲôʱλһ𣬿ȥͶӡ
ȥҰһкȻȥǡ
ȥǽұû߼죬ĸΪֻϳǸء
Ҳ֪һȥҲһͻزˡ
貢ûдϿʲô쳣Ҳûȥææ⣬һɿӡ
ֻߵʱͻȻһ飬ƺûȴҲ֪ȥ
пӾ֪ûȤ뿪˰ɡ
Ҳãһ㣬Թ˲Ͼпȥǵ
СŮԣһ㶼ԣͼһʸУòڵŮӶϲɣ壬йµˣѾͷȻҲ⡣
ҲǾú棬˳һ䣬֪һʣĻʱˣҲ˳ۣԹ˵ôõѾͷһ˲䲻ȵģѾͷǼ⼸죬ǰ˲æֻһֱƲ֣϶ƣͷ
˵ҪѧˣͻѧУԾûܹҺúô˼ңһҪŪˣǸһӲɡ
ҲƵ뿪С̣ҵɺͼүӡ
ƺһֱʲô߹ȥʱֻǿһۣүʾһԵϣұ
ֻ˵ϣ񽭺ӿ仯Ī⣬ƺܿҪˣһصǿѾ˲ݺӵĵز˼ôͣУЩ˵ȥɣ
ϷУиҪҪԵɣܸ˵óɽʱϷȻҲǼүɫ
˲ע⵽ңǼүӿһۣɫȻ˵СţҶС⺢˵ˣܹͰ׻ϵѳǲףǲǷʲôҪ飬˵
ү˵һ£ҲͿʲôߣѾүͨˣֻǻȷѣ˵ֻǸһȷĴ𰸡
үүܹҹⶦ¯֮Ӥǰܶսʬ壬ΪĴˣӦҲǸǡ
̧ͷһۼүӣֿһɣһ¡
үһʮŵģصԪϣүүΪ𾴵ˣ϶һصԵ׾ˣǾ͸˵ˡ
һԥүӾͿҵ˼ҽɡ
˵գүӱվƨɣǼ䲻Ĵ˽ȥҺɽҲ˽ȥ
ȽǼ䴫֮󣬼үһץܵĞųӿһͻȻʧˡ
̧֮һֶθ֤үӲǸɵҶ˸µһʶ
үһ̴˴ϣĿҡ
һֱӿżɽ˵˵ȷҪˣһصȥұŪộΪһ飬ǸһټʮǰǸ̵ܶսʬꡣ
˵飬ɺͼүӶֵʮֵɫȴȻ
үһỤ̃Ȼ³ʵ֮⣬˭֪
ʵһʼҲ֪һˣԥϳ¼ңĺˣǼλˣҹ󣬷ֽ֮Ǵ䣬ݶģ֮⣬ڹƾһ֪Ҳ֪ˡʵ
˲õԥϳ¼ϷҲ˵һô뽭˴򽻵޼壬ǵ˳洫ģֵ˽Σ֮ʣܹͦҲǾ˽˵ı֡үӵ˵
үӣ˵ǰտת˽ʮһħͷǽʬɹˣ±ȻҪˮ֮Уʲô취ɵ
үֳһ̣˵ˮڣ͢ǲӲܵģСţҪ¸үүүүػὫ洫ڵĳ͢ɲʵ͢Ҳһ֣һֱóԺúȵģҲǳˡ
͢Щֻܱת޵İջҳԾ
УԶеүҲЩ͢Ķֻ֣һֱزˣ̫ⷬƽʢľ󣬳͢Ҫûˢӣסӣү˵
˵ţһתͷʱͻȻϳһһ


1180 ˭˭
Ǳˣص鳤ս壬ȴ֪ôҵ
үҲһеĴ̹ӣܱϢִͨ˳ˮ졣
ֹס˻⣬ţսž˽һͳҼһ£Щ˵Сţǰȫˣͺáͺá
˵ʱҷ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿һһҹûô˯ɵЩ˵磬Բסˡˡ
ˣʲô˵ˣѾȥˣͲҪᣬûпգһһղ˵ſڿˣһţԭ
˵ͬʱս廹үӺɴһк
΢΢ͷ΢Цүֻǳ̣Ҳᡣ
ս֪˼䣬뿪˵ǻЩͷϵҪղųֻ뿴ҡ
֮ɱôս֮俴ʲô϶ƵģԵ࣬ұ㽫Ϸ򵥸˵һ顣
Ҳһɵʱսҡ
⻰һڣүӵСţⲻܣ㲻Ҫ룬С⺢ӻҿųɳģүүҲʶһصˡ
һսЩ϶үȷұ
սߺ󣬻үӼһģǼүƺû˵ȥ˼ֻǴߴҸϽȥøүү绰˵һ֮أϲá
ˣҺɱүǣһͬصҼ
һңұүүһ绰ȥ绰˺þöû˽ӣһֱ绰֮󣬵绰űͨΰƽӵĵ绰˵үүھٿ飬רŴһصұ飬˵ֵĸ߶ӣһصһôĶȻвɸ˵ơ
϶ҪܷģһͨյĿֻš
ΰƽЩżĸҼ˵һ£˵Ҫҹһٴ
Ȼȴΰƽ˵֪һصҰԭүүϽҸ˵
ΰƽһ㶣ɫСţɲģɲܿЦ
Ҹ㿪ʲôЦҾǴǰ߸չģ׻䳤ϸϽүүкҪҪ˵æ
ΰƽƬ̣һȥֳ֪ͨ
˵գΰƽƺ绰ֱӷϣûйҵ
˴ԼӵĹ⾰绰ﴫһٵĽŲ绰ٴα
СţұˣһصδĿ֪𣿡үү
Ӧһ㽫һصӵж¯֮Ӥսʬԭԭĸүү˵һ顣
үүϢ֮󣬼Ϊ𾪣ŵһƺߡ
ãүүŸ˵СţڿʼһصͲҪٲˣѾ˷ǳΣյĵزôðսʬ飬һжصִܾ¶˭˭֪
үү˵֣أҲ֪еϵӦ
ʵҲһصͷȻ㻹أ֪ԩ·խ
үү˵仰֮кûֱӹҵ˵绰Ǽȥˡ
ҸϢҲǰϸˣֱӸһȷд𰸣¿ɹǺһˡ
һĳɹʬ꣬ǿҪ´ҡ
ʱҳУƾŽϵߣǰħͷĶ֡
˷ɻֱӿ䣬ҾͲըǸħͷ
Ҵ绰ʱҲһֱԱţ˵绰֮Ҳ˵Сţүү˵ûԺһصɳ͢ţһа취ģҲǱһܷͷҸһصԹ̫ǰգһʬɹһ϶Ҫҵ鷳
ĬȻĵ˵ͷȴҵĸĸƴϳҲ̫ȫˣʱ򻹵үү취ǰһȫȥС
ֻҾãǰսʬɹܻһҪָʶḶ́ǽʮΪҲָڶʱڣûʲô̫Σյġ
Ҫ볹Ǿ͵ڰδʬ߽꣬ʬ겻ֽ֮Ū׻ʱϵԽԽ
ʱͻȻűˣһΪս˹ҴһȴڵƺͽһͬҼҵſڡ
ʱء


1181 նһֱ
ڵʹܼô˻϶Ϊϵ顣
ãҲҪǣֻһֱûڳʱ
Ȼ˿лֽţۻùȥɺȷȫ¶
һˣҹ˵ϡִܼңôˣ֮ǰôҲҴкҺñþϯдǰ
ˣСֵܣͲҪϸˣ˵㣬ѵҽȥ
ӭӭɡҺԱһӶ˽
ƺͽҲûиǿ˽˿ɳϡ
һƱ㳯ɨһۣʵСֵܣ˵㣿
ҳһ£һҰܻǱҪİɡ
ţұ㽫Ǵҵķ֮У֪һкҪҪ̸ͭǮӵĸǣһ򵥵ĸǵĽ̸
ҵһҲ棬ôͨϢҪ֪סʲôطʵ̫򵥲ˡ
ɳ
ʱ򣬽ͻȻǰһأȴס˵ܼңΪΣôСĿɳܲ𡣡
үǶԲסˣұǶ¯֮Ӥ飬治ҽĳҪ⺦㣬֮ǰҲ֪һصôĶΪһϡƽ飬Ҫ˳ˮ飬¶֪飬֪Ū㾳أүĳרŹġӹޱϵ˵
ҸҪſڣһԵȴŭ˵СԽԽˣô黹Ϸֱҹ·ǰص˸֪ұȻдһصĸа׻䳤ϵʱ򣬽ܼҲŸϷ֪ʵ飬˵СֵҲȥұȥӵж¯֮ӤСѾͷʬ֪꣬ĻΪڹҪݺСֵܣСֵȥأܼҪ绰˵飬Ϸô²ףҪ˵УСֵڣ֮ʲôң̫Ӧˡ
үҽӾа˸ӣҲẦ㰡Ĳ˵ǾȹҵҲ֮ˣҿԶ췢ģһصȥұһҲ֪顣
˵ţһҧָüĴһĨҪѪģһ龰æס˵Ͳ˰ɣһʼҾûǱ룬֮ʲôϵҲܺңдɣҵùָһصײһԩ·խѡ
Ȼȴ˰֣˵ǽһε˵һǸ³ֶʱҲһصȸħϷԽԽԾԱԴŽܼҹ˵飬֮ʲôᡣ
һ£ƽֵǽܼ˽£ûи֪ϷǷڵĽӦܷҲСֵվһͻزˣСֵܴñˡ
û뵽ƻôЩ²̨
΢ôһ£ͻȻжһλεذף˵Сֵ²ȥ֣ǾϷնһֱֻ˵
˵ţͳŽӵĸ첲ϿȥǽҲܣһԸܷģ
һ£æץסƵ֣ܹоϵǴ㽫ӵһ첲Ľࡣ
ŵңҸղŶ˵ˣڣܼûκιϵʵʱĻᣬֻһصץסһѣΪ˾ҲŻᱻ׷ĸɥȮƵģǲẦҡץƵ˵
һһԵĽӣ˵Сֵһٸ´ΣϷֽ㣡
ӻһϻ̳Ͽֵ˵лүɱ֮
æ˽ӣ˵ܹȻ˳⣬׻˵˲ɣ˲ãҼȻѣڣ㲻ỳǻẦҡ
ұʵ鲢ҪˣѾΪ˹ȥʽһĺö˶˵ģǻƤ飬֪üĿûУ
£ƺͽӻ࿴һۣƲɫʵһΪ˵Ϊ˻ƤǰһЩüĿֻǻ̫ȷ


1182 ͬһ
һ˵飬жʱһϲҾͶ⻨Ƥ鲻̫ϣֻôһʣû뵽ǱҸˡ
ұҺ˴ϣƺͽϸ˵˵飬ûʲôɲٿصĿռ䡣
ѦҰô࣬ѦСҲΪҲ˽ţڣѦСߵĸҲôңһֱҵͷ󻼣ܹˣҲΪѦһ£Ҳûôˡ
֮Ʊʾ˵
Ӹɿһ˵үԴԸѰϢʱڿƬ̶ûе飬ǰ죬ǴӸǹկϵһӵõһ̫ɿϢģկʮ֮⣬һկСӣկС˿ڲ࣬Ҳ置׹һСկӲ磬ҲһϵկǸկṩʵһԴǳǵ£Ǵ߳ȥġ
һԵЩͷĴߴٵЩûõģϽСֵ˵ص㡣
ӵ˵ͷ˵ô˵ɣʵүǰĺ飬ʵһ飬һҸ¹ƵǸʦȥǻƤ棬ȥȴһҪǴկģǻؽͨկһ峤Ǹ峤дܣ˵ȥկ͹ʣһկĴʦϪӣ˵ǻϪһֻҼһأһֻɫ棬ǶпǴ˵еĻƤ棬ܹ˶֫Ķ
˵˴Ҳɵסˣ˵ҪȥһϪ˵飬һֱڿǣҪҪȥϾǻϪƵĸ֣ȴǹƶ֮˽Ĳ࣬óȻǰһ˹ƶԼôĶ֪
ߣСȻûʲô󰭣ǻϪҲûйҹǵ鷳ҺαҪȥǹŵùͷھѾΣķˣʵǲ̫鷳
ôһ˵Һܿ͸ı⡣
ȻһģǾͺ˵ˣѰƤ棬ֱһͰˡ
ҳƬ̣˼ôʱƺĦҵ뷨СֵܣҪȥǻϪӵ鷳ĻҲ˿ûа취ҲмƵĸ֣ȥһ˹կֻ⼸Ƶĸ֣ǻϪȣǲ࣬ù֮ηƶкļ⣬СֵõϵĻԴǹȥ
ҺٺһЦ˵ô˼أǹկͬŹصڣһȥ֣һǼֵ˹կǾͲ̫ˡ
Сֵܾܷģ⼸ùƸһֱڹţˣҲֻԷһûùνǧñһʱҲȥĥĥҲ֤һǵı¡Ƶ
ҵúúıһ£˵ȥȥϾҪĻƣÿǼ죬ʱҪĻһϵҵ
ȷˣǹկͬѰһ£ǲСֵܹȥյģߵļʦ֮⣬ҼĸְæϾկպգ׹֮Ҳ̸֮ɫ䣬޲ɵһҪ׼׵Сɫ
үһҲòǰ˵Ǵ峤ǼϪһֻɫ棬ǲȷǾǴ˵еĻƤ棬һǣүɱﵽĳ˵ͷϡӳۣС˵
ģλܹҵϢԴѾмˣСٴлһ˵
ư˰֣վһͬ˵ˣ˵ĳѾȫ˵ˣȻˣϷҲˣǾ仰ֻҪСֵõڵĵطܿڱǡ
ҿһǣ˵Ҫ²Ͳڴ˾ˡ
Һһ仰û˵ɽǶ͵Сſڣ˳Һɲ۷˼
·ϣҿɵɫһֱûʲô
ɳƬ̣ŵĻ磬ǸлģʵǽһΣյԨѵûз𣿡
⻰ʲô˼ʵ
һʼȥڴ³ֶʱ򣬱ħȻһұͰ׻ϣǹկ置һկӣկӵ˼׹֮ǻϪŵĹƶ֮ǸĪ⣬ǻṩ֣Ŀıȥկɿһҵ


1183 ܼ
˼ǣھҪأÿһζҪĺңֻҲǣʵ
ҸоҶƺͽӱûʲôøаɡ˼˵
ǵôˣ˹ڻʵ
ҲûôңҰǲڵˣûдӦΪҪٵģ֮ûиʲôɫɵ
ҲɵҡͷЦ˵ҵǾ̫ˣڸûҪҵɣǸһصˣڼҴҵǮƣһصûʲôͼ˵ǲǣ
ǰɣۣǸˡɵ
ǻصҵʱѾˣҰѾ˯ˡ
ã˵һʱҲûʲôҪϳǴϼ죬˳Һϼһȥǹկ顣
ʵɲ޳ȥկǻƤ棬ҪҲȷǻϪϵǲǻƤ棻߾ǹկ̫գܶ཭˶֪կӣկӵ˻϶ùƣɱԽĺ֣ǻϪӸǽƶ֮õ˼£ҪнǻƤŪ֣е̫ˡ
֪ҸѦСߵĽ飬֪ҵһĲֻȰ˵䣬ִҪȥҲûٶ˵ҲҪһȥһ֡
ȻֻټڵļùƸֻԶԶġ
ܼҵĺһһǧƣǹܹ֮ϴóʱ򣬱ҪһһȥС
ֻ˵ǧƺвˣӦǰ̸ʱ򣬶ԸգµдıҲֻеʱʮ֮һ
תһ룬ǵнһ֣Ҳ֮׻˵ձܻкǿġ
˵ܲ붯һСҲδ֪˵ҵĹϵһô꣬ܶѾˣҸһҲദ˼죬ȥ˼ҿϲϸأ
һСӿһӸ磬ǮƣȥĹܾЩ˵ȥ
ʵȥҲԣֻҪߵλϹ̿ϰҳͷ¶ƳɹļҲܴλ˼Ҷҵĸ黹Ǻġ
Ҹã󶼾ЩˣԻ˯ȥ⼸췢飬Щƣ벻һͷ;ذ޹⡣
˯ѵʱѾʮˣһɲֶ׵ŵ°̯ȥˣһвסˡ
֮ĥһֻ˳һĵ绰Ǵһ绰ȥܲܰæ
û뵽ǣ绰ȥ֮˺þöû˽ӣһ飬ˡ
вЩƣ绰һµģѵǳʲôⲻɣ
绰û˻ӦҲͲٴˣ˵һһҴģͲӡ
ϴ򵥳һȥŵɣֻڰϵʱҵֻͻȻһһİĵ绰룬ȽϳһͲǹڵĵ绰
ԥƬ̣ͨ˵绰绰Ǳߴһİ˵ιã𣿡
ǰ˭Ҿʵ
ܲǵңȴǵһүߵһ֣Ǽһ棬ܹϵ̫ˡǸЩ˵
ôҴ绰үأƵ
һһСԵøЩʵ˵ҼүˣѾһһҹ˴飬үҲ˸ˣڼһ㣬Ҵү治֪ôˡ
˵һס˽Ųɫ˵׳ʲô飬ûĹ⾰ôӣһô˵ģ
ǡĺЩˣүȥ½Ƕʱ䣬ĺҵǼү˵ҪܼһĹȨǸļλܵͣүȻǲͬ⣬Ǳƽүˣ֪үȥ֪֮飬ȥĺȥҪˣĺˣ˻Ҷһأء治֪ôźˡ֪ϲϰæ֪бµĸˡ˵Ȼžᡣ
ͻȻһ飬԰һ߿ǸϹ̵мߣôܱ˸أⲻѧ


1184 
뵽⣬ֱӾ˳һ߲λϹ̸ǵôߣô˱˰أ
˵λϹҪһģʱı⣬˵ҪȥѣԾүһ˻ˣүҲ֪飬Ȼ֮үѾĺ˸°ˣүҲүһŭ֮¸Ǵ˳һһҹҲϵλϹֻ̣ˡʩԮ֡
Ӧһ˵գ
СĽװܼҶ꣬һʼǸүģڸүҪĻ߿ԸӦܼҵΣգүҲ֪ǻҲܼܿҾô˰װʹļ׵˵
ҳƬ̣˵Ǻðɣֵ绰ͨһš
װһҪҵ绰ʱ򣬺ͻȻʲôֵˡҵλϹ̵ĻǴһܲĺǱһƬܴж෽֧֣ͬԭһصĵλҲܶ࣬λϹ̲Ļǳ鷳
ұʾȻž͹ҵ˵绰ŲҴҵĳƬ첽ȥ
һΪܼҵڱǿأԭҲҪ˸۸һСӾȻ˴ˣСӲǻ״
ôţȵֶҲܱ˴ˣ
ôҲЩ˼顣
λϹ̣ǶҲȥأ
ϸһ룬һЩüĿλϹ̻᲻ȥ˶ϻµףȥֻǧأ
֮϶ʶġ
³㶫һǧ·̣ȥңҲˣһǱߵʮΣ
һһСӸҰæأû뵽ȴҪҵİ
ԣȥկһƤҲôżǽһߵ˵
ܿ죬Ҿŵ£ĴɨһȦ濴ɾͶһô棬Ա߷һµϣдż֡ࡱ
ץסһСڸҡͷԵģɷн¡
ҿ첽ߵߣҲ£æ˵Ͻ̯
żҸλŮԵأһԵƬ̡һģ
ȻȴȲãæ˵ϽģˣһǱ߳⣬˿ˣǵøϽȥơ
һ㶣ʱҲסˣæɿӵ֣˵ԲסˡλŮٸʱüĻʱһ
˵ţɱԼһ׶ߵҵߣҵ׷ʲô顣
ұ㽫Ǹװ˸˵Ͻ˵һ¡
˵ɶʱüͷ˼Ƭ̣ŵǸطҲûȥزģƾˣ϶а˵ʲôĺԭһص࣬ǹȥҲ
ŶһƬضû³شأһĺֳʲô۶ӳʵڲУͽϻУһȥһ߿һ߸˵š
Ҳ֪ҺܼҵĹϵһԴС浽ʦֵܣ֮ǰҲһȰһѣʱȥկ֣Ҳ϶Ậ
Ǽһͬ˺üȥһ˱Ҳ㲻ʲô
ߣһص϶Ҫҵ鷳Ҳȥܱܷͷ
ҸĸǱɼүտţһǱȽϷĵġ
·ϣǸսһ绰ȥǰһȥսȽƣȥǸɶֻ˵ȥܱܷͷһصҪ鷳ڣȥˣˣսҲûжʣӦ˵һСʱңҹȡͺá
ս¶һǱȽϷĵģ绰ָչһ绰ȥ
ǰãоһֱչһ𣬻вֻǰչȥ˵绰룬ػҲڸչһ
绰ܿ첦ͨչĸҺƬ̣ұûиһ
չ˵ˣþߣǱ㽫ֻ˻С
Ҽ򵥿ٵĸ˵ϣܸһȥˣһУжʱ˵üɫģ˵û⣬ϳǶˣȥˣ˵ӶʱƯҲȥʶһ¡
ܿͰˣһ飬ҪĽࡣ
һа׵֮ұװͨ˵绰˵ǾͻᵽﱦýӦ׼


1185 չ
װӵ˵绰֮ʮָˣǷģһᰴʱǡ
Ȼһһûѹ˵ûУѾȶסˣƽϾܹ
ұҵ˵绰һֱصſڣǸҰ֪һ˵ҪԶţҾԶѾϰΪҲû˵ʲôֻСһ
Ȼұɵصſּһүӣ˼ҰæտһҼˡ
үȻӦʣҴɷģֻҪһҼ˾Ͳκ⡣
ţү޵һ¹ڰսʬ飬ûиүү
ұ㽫үӻ㱨һ£үүڲҲһصκ飬
үӵ˵ͷ˵ãòҪˣҲųǡ
ʱͻȻһһװ˵ıĺ飬үӼʶ㣬ܹ֪һЩûôһʣүӾȻ֪һЩ˵ǰصְʱ򣬶ڱİ֯йһЩ˽⣬ʱص鵱ʱ򣬱ܹܴİɣҪĺ˺ɽᣬ֮ʵǿ˵ǲֲ٣ƺ⣬֮䶼к֣ܶʱҪɵĹǶĲ˽ϴǮȵȣǷչ˺ֵزͲö֪ˡ
İܻ֯ǮҵϹϵΪһصǿĿԺвԡ
һ£үӱʵĺʲôѵǴҪȥ
Ӧһ˵ȥһˣиڱѣҹȥһѡ
үӶһҪСĽڵأز죬Ǳߵİֻ֯ҪΪ˽Ǯ棬ʲô鶼ĳкܶʱҲǲʲôģǹеҲϡƽ顣
ڱİһҲ˽⣬ӼүȴǵõõϢ
үָһ˵һЩҪעԼ˰Сʱ֮ҵֻˣսģʲôطҸ˵صſڡ
ս˵ҵһϳҡ
ֻǻûս߾ͣһ⳵ˣǻкͰչ
ȥʱұûŰչȥû뵽Ҳһˡ
һ˳˾ͳҴк첽˹һߣ˵Сţʲôʱ
ߡ׼𣿡ʵ
ʲô׼ģ¼ҹһ˵߾ߣҸִһ֣չСҲ˵һȥʶʶ档ֵ
ҿһ۰չʵСչֵܣˣȥȥƴģŪÿɾͻزˡ
û⣬ղŶ˵ˣ֮󣬵һδ󱣽볢һӵζм˵
չʱ߳ŭ˻мһ£˵СŸ磬⻨Ϲ˵ȥʶһ£˵СŸ⼸˲ٴ¶ҲܹСŸһ𲢼սҰչңүүҲ˵Ҷ׽ܹѧٶ
Сӵͦ˵չֶҲǲģСӿǴ̥ͿʼУȽʵһνǽ٣߻һֻβʵҲϹ̲϶٣аչڣҲ绢
ҵǲһȥȥǿѡ
ܿôˡ
صſڵһսһİ˳ݵҵУɫ¶ҿɸ˲ٹϵǵҲŪˣһҵְԱȥɵģǲڱ̫ãҲͰµʱͱ֪
ҽӹǹİսʾ˸лص飬ԵһйϵЧʾǿ졣
ָһ⣬ȥĳԱֶһǱǰչҲʱġ
սʱƵ˵Сô˵ʱż𣿲żĻٵҰСʱҸǰ
żͦżģҲһʱСʱܵȵġ
սչҪַ֤֮ص顣
˰Сʱ֮սŪһǣһֱӴȥ˷ɻ
ǱսѾɻƱˣһаʮܵǼ˷ɻֱɱȥ
˵ôһǵһɻвЩţҿ༸Ҳһ㣬оϲ²ŵصĸоܲζ
ȴҲ֪Ǳкεڵǡ


1186 ԰ü
ڷɻϣɺͻе۾ƯսɨһɫԵӣ˼ҿս㶼˼ˡ
չһΣģߣԵЩн
Ҹչһ֮ſһЩ˵һЩĪĽţҪɱħͷֲ̫һЩΪһЦ֮ˣأӴʱ򣬲ŷһʮ͵ˡ
˵֮ǰǼһϴβһĵͦã
չ˵һʵһμʱͽţֻûֳһֽŸо࣬˵ϵɱ̫صԵʡ
˵Դȷɱ˲ˣ󲿷ֶһصԼҲ˵ɱ˶ˣǵһΪǶ¯֮Ӥɱ˽һˡ
ɱΪɱ̫̫࣬ɷԵʣ֮оγһ֞ųչΪҵһЩýˣܹоһεѹ
ǻкɸദľˣûָо
һ·˵ţСʱ֮Ǿ͵˱ߵĻɻ
ɻһأǼ˷ɻûãҵֻװġ
˵ѾڻȺʱ֪϶·ɻڻĳڵǣϳ
Ӧһ˵绰˸ȺŻȥ
˻ûãܿһ۾һװ˳˹һãүװˡ
סҵ֣صҡ˼£۾ϸۣЩ죬ӦǼʱһߵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûϸȥ
һôˣҹе
߰ɣǳ˵װĳһۣǳһͣȥ
ߵ֮󣬷ֹǵһ񳵣ռֻͦǳЩƾɣǹΪܼ֮ҵųܻһˡϻһˣڼʻλϡ
Ǽ˴ҴϳӺܿ췢װϳһ̾Ϣһ˵ǶԲסˣôżǹҲûа취ˣͶ·ˣϹ̲ߣҲûĹǣȥҲֻܰһѣıǼʶģԭҲ쵱
ˣл˵͸˵һ£ڵصʲôزֱӿżɽ˵
װƬ̣һ¸ɰͰ͵촽˵ϼڱЩģǰ̫үǹĽܼƾ̫үݽȦķˮ𣬿Դ̫үȥ֮󣬹ĹϵͲ֮ǰǰˣֱүһ͸ĹϵԽԽû˹Ϊܣصİ֯Ͷܼҵ⣬ҪܼҵĲҵЩܼ꣬ûٸصİ֯򽻵Ҳִ֣λϹڣס桭
˵װ̾ϢһֵԴүСȥһԭ⼸֮ȴ˷츲صı仯ĺʱ䣬ﰵﶼܼҲٲҵҪԵͼ۹ܼҵĹȨүϣǾͽүˣԴвүүҲǸӲƢȥĺûүȳһĺ˸ɱ
ҪλϹڣҲˣҲûǸӡ
˵װ߬ȭͷһŭɶӡ
֪һĸڱѺʲôط𣿡ͻȻһ䡣
װҡҡͷ˵үϴǴӻģʱүǵõϢ˵үĺ˹Ѻ򣬾ǲǣҾͲ̫ˡ
װ֪Ҳ̫࣬ҲֻȥһСˡ
ǮҲǹĶȣطԭ̫ƽ
ʻ˴ԼСʱĹ⾰һʮƯСɽԱͣӲǺܴ󣬵ľƣΣܶ෿Ӿľӳ֮䡣
װǽ˵ڱԴصü壬ܼһصĲҵֻΪŵ˲֪֮ǾͽһܼҵļҾ򱻰̫үһڹЩ
¶ΣĿǰΪֹĺ˶ûʲô
˵ţӾͿһСĴԺͣ
һ³ʱʮװ˴ӱ˳׷վ˴ſڡ
װǳű˽ȥʮװ˶һЩʱ㱨
װǳűȥóһԿףһصķţ


1187 ˴
ʮֺأըҲըŪĵͦȫģܼ׼طҲרΪ˲ڡ
ǽ䷿֮󣬷İŪһ칫ңȫʽļҾߣɫбĵطһܴװ˹ȥһո˼飬ƿһľ壬ľһװС˼ȥʱһ񷢳һ죬һ໺Ųȥ¶һߵͨ
λǼү֮Уװ˵꣬㽫ָԭ㾶ֱͨ˹ȥǼ˶һۣ롣
װһߵģ֪һʲôťǸ޴¹رˡ
ߵеƣڰֻһȴѹ֣չһֱĳţΨлûûεĸԣǵǰߡ
װ˼ǵǰ棬ٴóһԿףȾͷһȺصķţָǽȥ˵һ
üһһһģлذıеıչܣɼ˺һ
ǽȥ֮󣬷ʮƽ׵ķһŴ󴲣ǴһˣվһˣǸʮ߰СŮʮ崿Ǹѧá
װһȺ˽ŮЩִٵĺһ֣Щǡ
װ˵ͷ˵ܰȳȥһ£ָλҪҪ̸
ǸܰŮǼ˵˵ͷӡ
ڴϵһɫЩҰףȥЩ٣ʵ˵ӡ
ǰһƬ֮󣬲ŵģֻ˽˲һʱá
ӦһǬ˱ȡһŵҩݸɣһ£ⵤҩѦҵģʱţô
ɽ˹ȥһȥ
ĹѾɨһۣҲװ޵ĸûʣҾ߼ҵʲôУǮˣһĵطðôá
Ǽ˸ҵطʱͻȻװλѣǹǴôǣûʲôƻ
װЩִٵ˵ļƻҲûУ˵ʵܼҳô״λϹϵϣҲЩͶҽˣȻϣλܹүȳݺݵĴѹһĺܼҳһڶҪôȥܼҾˡ
Ǽһۣطزģ·ʶܼҵ֮⣬Ҳʶˣֶ֪
ЩѰˣǼҲ֪ôʲôط֡
˵ţŴϵһͻȻһ£Щ˵ˮҪˮ
װһ£æߵԣһһˮյߣһһͺȸˡ
ѦҸҩˣһҲ͸ѹˡ
塭ôˣһһ
һ𻰣ұǰһ˵һϵܣּˡ
ҵһһתͷЩ˵ССŸ硭ô
ҽġλϹ̶ϵϣĵ绰Ҿ͸˵飬ǵ͸˹װ
װ˵һۿһˮŵСŸ硭ллллˡ
ˣɶҲ˵ֵܣϹͷŽһѰ˷֧ԮҲӦõģˣǾͺðˣ˵ô죬ֵ֣ʲôĺŪһ׳죬үӾȳǡظ˵
һ̾Ϣһ˵СŸ硭Һܸˣĺﲢеô򵥣ڱչ˼ʮģ򣬸ƣҪǣڵ졭
һѻ˵꣬ͻȻﴫˡεΡļ춯ʮ̶ִ
װһ£ߵſڣһťǱߴһŮЩֵ˵֡ˣˡ
װһæ˺صķţǸܰŮһסװĸ첲һȥǼһ㶣Ҳæȥܰװǳһ䷿ȥģﻹװˣװеĶǽǼܴʾֱʾⶰλĻ档
Ժ龰һﴩźɫװͻȻɱ˽رЩװдһţֻЩװֶβУܿͱŷ˼ӵ˷дźɫװΧ£˹ⶰΧˡ


1188 ĺ
Ǽ˴忴һۼϵΣɵ÷׷üͷ
Էа֮ڣһͣǳڱԺһ꺺ӣ༫Ϊ׶һܳĵ̣ᴩһ˫Ŀ©׹⣬վԺɨһۣܿ콫ĿͶ׼Ժͷ˵ܵСˣΪӾʰ㣬һӽҳж˿飬ܼҵĲҵһĺģھ͸ӹԹԵĹҪĶ˵һ
һˣվߵװ΢΢һ£סݺݵһĭ
һ˭ţȺģһǷʰһֱĬȻİչɫһ˵
װĺһÿڣֱΪááʨáúã˱õǣΪݽթݵһû뵽ȻˣطʮβǡֻܼΪŵ˲֪ط⡭⵽ôһ¶
װЩ´ˣæҵĸ첲˵λ
˵ţװǼִһǼңһѾܰǣЩŵʵôˣʲô飿
ĺĹˣݵѾȫܶ࣬ǲӲƴǾתƵȫĵطɡװ˵ţͳһһ˹ȥһ»أǹӾͳһƶ˹ȥ¶һͨ
ȥطŪͨ˴ǻذ˶ٹһݵ㱻й¶ЩȫҪ׷ˡ
һɫ˲۾ͺˣȭͷյĿ죬ҧгݵ˵ĺ̫򵽼ſˣܼʲôʱôҹ
үһҪסˣ˶֣λϹֲڣҪǳȥ϶ԴģֱͨͨüߣǻûзӦǸϽߣһлüװȥһѲסһҪǸͨ
ʱߵ⼸ȫңø⡣
˼Ƭ̣˵ϸ磬ȴһֵߣǼ£ǽЩĺˡ
װһ㶣Щ˼飬æ̫ˣǻݱܷͷӳ飬ܿǾɱˡ
ʱͻȻСţǲܴԵУΣԺܴ˵Ƕǹأ͸һǵ⣬ȻٽǸΧˣһӦϣô
ɵĹӶ࣬ôһ˵ҶʱͿϣǲǰΧǾʹӴͻϮһֲ
취ܿ͵õ˵ӦǶҵ飬ǲһǸͨٵĳŴȥܼҵĸºܰһ˳
ǿ첽УԼӱ㵽˵صľͷͷһլװƿһ壬Ǽ˿ٵ
üһŪĺܵصսƵģĺΡ
ǳ֮ǷԸװչ˺һұǿ첽լ
һЩ̫Ը⣬˵ҪһȥӣȥҲãֱӱҸˡ
ſڵʱǼһ£Ϻ˳㸺𱣻һļˡ
Ͼķӣ̫ʺϴɱɱһˣʱ޷˶֣ɣǷֹĺˣһҹһҲûʲôսΣʲô⣬Ҳȫû
ɲûʲôӦ
ŻкͰչһǶ첽ȥ
ڿ쵽ſڵʱ򣬱սѾβϾĺõ˰֮ڣһҲʮˣʵ⣬ʵûʲôս
Ǳ˱һ֮УҳɨһۣѹѹһƬźɫװˡ
˼Ƭ̣˵Ҳ˵Ƕǵһñϵ˾ԭصǺ۸ģǵƣһǼҸǼһҲֵܣֵѣǲܲСžٴΰλˡ
СŸ磬ֵܾǵֵܣɶҲ˵ˣ۸ֵֻܾһ֡ɣɵǷΪֹչ˵
Сţ㰲Űɣô˵ǾôɡҲԾԾԵ˵
Ǻãչڱ·ֹ©֮㣬Һϻǰ渺ܹס˭Ҳ֣ɱǶ٣һһҪõ£˻дã


1189 ɱǹ
һԸչЩ̫⣬˼ûжϺһܹǵİչΪߣҸ֮Ҳûһս˴˲̫Ϥǳʲô©
ڲǆЩʱ򣬻˵չСӱżĺôˣеӲ̿ɴŸտʼ㸺ϺҲСʱ䲻ˣǾͲҪنˡ
һ˵չûʲôˣèСƵ˱ĺ档
ڰչ֮ǰҸһƤߣϣڻǱ¶εʱŪƤߴϣԼ಻Ҫ鷳
ŰչӰʧ֮ҺͻҲˣڶ֮ǰҺϻҲһ˴һƤߡ
Ƥ߻ѦС߸ǵƤŵƷʮֱ棬ϸȥƣҲ˿
μ죬ϵҲޱĬһһߣǱ˱Ĵſڡ
ʱԺﻹʮߵ󲿷ֵ˱֮УæһӰ
һʮ߸˱ɱ״ܲң첲ȶѪأֱӱնףװ˵ĺǹ湻ݵģôص֡
ʣµЩ廨󣬷ֱѺŹ˵ϣһͷԣǾԼˡ
ȻǲʣͲܹǲ塣
ѪծѪһҪǼӱ
СүʲôʱԹĿ
۲һս֮ʹһɫл⣬ֱ˱Ĵſڣһ߾ôĵӣ컯֮¾Ȼɱˣ
һ֣ʱԺЩĺõ˵ע⣬һСһ£˵Ǻˣ
үүүүͷйЦ
ɱС쵱׹оǹ¶ģһԲϣ˶Իж֡
ҲӲƴֱӵͷܡ
߻иһĴſڣЩĺǰ棬֮⣬һͷϵͭǮ
ͭǮ
ͷϵͭǮһһѳ˼ʮöͭǮЩͭǮոձȥԷʮͭǮÿǰһҵľ뻹ڲϵķͭǮ
׷𻨺еĺõ˸ɲסţһ֮̿ɫĿЩͭǮȻкȥ
һͭǮӵĺܺãʮöͭǮЯǷͭǮѹ˹ȥڼʮͦǹɨ䣬Ǻ֪
һֱǰЩ˶ʱһƬӱͭǮֱӴɸӣʬҴɨһ£ͭǮʮϣʣļûбɱҲڵϲϵİҽУվŵģͷͳűȥ
Ȼʱң򽫽˳һл㾦ͳһ˴˹ȥ
ӽ֮籡ɫֱӶ˵ؿڣؿڴڴһɫĹΪͣЪֽǱĻһ顣
ǶؿڵڹԵǰ˺ü˵ڵأ
ȥɱһ˵ʱ򣬻нɱһǹеϽһϽ𲧶ʱâ貣һ´һ˶ϡ
һôѪȣǼһԴˣɫѪͰɫԽӶ˳һǽ
Ƭ̵ͣЪһ֣ɢڸͭǮ˻ͭǮջǬ˱֮УͬʱҲջϽ𲧣ֱӳǱſڳɱ˹ȥ
Ž꣬ϵ˱²Ǽһߣý꿳ϵӣ˵ڴӶͷȺ򣬲Ҫܡ
ԭѾڵļˣͻȻɱ˹һӶʱȼϣ
һվλ硭үתƳȥ𣿡
ʵıʣ嶫ͷűǡ˵仰ֻУŽҲǱ߿첽ȥ·Щδĺˣֱһȥǵ
طôͱ¶ˣҸоһ˵ڹԣҲҸһʲôطȥӶͷȺһ෴ķ
Щҵ֮󣬷׷׸мĳ߿һۣűĴſڿ첽ȥ
Щ˸ո߳ȥûãܿӭ߳ʮźɫװĺˣӭϡ
һԺŵЩ˵ʬ壬ʱʧɫ֪²ֻǲǷӦҺͻһεĳɱ˹ȥ


1190 ˭Ҳܲˣ
ڱҺͻи޹˼ɣ飬ǻҪ۷ԭģҲ鷳ߣǿɶǴƤأҲ֪ǵʵݡ
ԣҸһ֣ǱҪǵȥġ
콭ģǶɱһµʱ򣬾͸ϵԼҲôһ졣
ǶɱĵģΪԺһЩµʬ
ɱɱ£ôŪôѪȣննţеֱӾͽԴ̫û˵
ĺ治ʲôöɱҲΪˡ
ҲΪˣһˡ
ոɱԺЩֳ֮Ķͦ󣬺ܿ˱ѰһЩĺˣһ¾ͳʮзֱһڵģ
ǿԺﵹµһƬ˵ʱϾûǰɷĹˡ
Ҳ̫һЩԭԺʮĺ֣Ҳôһգ۵Ĺȫ˵ϣԺŨѪѪȫȾˡ
ʱЩ֪Ӳӣһ˴ȥиɱˣ
˵˶˵еͳ߿˹
ҸԵУٰ˲Щ˵ĺ棬˻Ը
мҪ۷֮иǻ㱨ñҶ˰·֮С
ܣûţ
ôһһ˭Ҳܲˣ
վ֮һɨǧͱŷ˳ȥŽһ֮һɫľ籡ӭǼӶȥǼӲٵǰ塣
һɨǧԵҵΪͻͽɨǧʽʩչҲʮǿ
ǰֱӱǵһն
˻ǰ壬ϰͻ˵ϣѪһء
նʮʹ࣬ΪһʱˣƵʹϰСʱܶһɤӲϵİҪж
ļһ˲Ҿ徣ʱŵɫתͷֳŻǱ˹ȥ
ͳһתĹһ½еĽ˳ȥʹ콣еĽߵǽ̸תԺɨһеļɱȺ֮УһʱѪɣֵˣϽ𲧺ͽħҲ˴˵ϡ
Ƭ̣ʮȫɵѪ֮С
Һͻб˴˿һۣһ߶һս۾ʱ͵ԲֵСģ
ȻеĻأһץס˻еĸ첲ʩչһٰ˲ٵ߰׿Ĵһࡣ
Ӹո뿪֮һı죬õ˿ǹˣҲֹһѣⱦ߹治·ƣȻǹ
ҪҸղŶļʱƾͱɸӡ
ܼǹܿͣһ˸λѣǾʲôˣĺڴ˰¶ǶԶһСĳԲ˶ߣ
ôʲôˣҸСүߺġӦһ
ĺõĸǣĺܼҵĶԹǲҪ֣СǵﲻĺġǸһſڱԴһԽУҸоĺţƵġ
үģŻ˭أСүһصҵССһĺۻ治
˶Сүඣһһȫͷڵϣ˭ҪǸЩ˾ǵ³ҳǱߺһ
ôʣǾĸɵģһ⼸ʮ꣬ǵһ˸Ҹĺô˵ģǾ;Ƕŭ˵
Ȼɫ֪ǵ֣󾯸һٲֻ·һ
еĻû˵꣬źüѺڶǹھͶ׼ǡ
Ҳݣġٴס˻еĸ첲ʩչٰ˲ͣıŷλЩкӵȫףļҾߴһƬǽҲ˺ܶǹۡ
ôǹǲð죬ʱЩš
ܿ죬ҺͻвһʯӺ棬Сһ£ǵӵߴҵһҴŻʩչٰ˲Щ˲ڣһΧʱ򣬾֣һֲΣԺܴ󣬶ԷӦʱǹǾͳ˶ǹ۵ˡ
콭ǲģ붼ûʹӦץס˻еĸ첲˶һҿһ𣡡


1191 ҪôҪô
һֵʱԸои첲ϵļһ£Щŵģһֱ̣ʩչٰ˲ֶΣǶǲ˹ȥһٰ˲;ͣ˴Լʮ֮һ룬գ۵Ĺ򣬼ӵͳߴҲЩӵǲǵͷƤ
һ̣Һͻоͳȵм䣬˲䷢Щ
խ֮Уһ¶ŶʮװõˣվŵĿնûС
Щд󲿷ֶǹЦɿˡ
Һͻһ˲䣬ʱкüǹָǣƬ̶ûе飬ֱӾͿ۶˰
ǣҲû˿׼ڴ߶ٰ˲ͬʱѾһշ䣬˲仯ϣҺͻеǰ
Щкӵȫ赲棬һͨӵЩֵסۿžҪѿ
һ̣ٴץס˻е֣һ˼Щǹе˵ĺ档
һΣǷӦĻᣬԼеķһѪ岽˵ҺͻеĽ¡
ЩٴηӦʱѾŻһһط
˸һվһӣæǬ˱֮нéɽ˳ٵ˼־һΡ
һö񣬸ղűҺͻиոɱĺ̾ͦʬﳤ˰ëһȫ˰ëʬ
˻֮֮еЩ˷һ֮
ʬȻǽʬ
ôɽʬˡʲô
ͻȻֵļ߰ëʬЩ˶ʱҡ
ĺЩ˶ûôʬοǰëʬˡ
һ󣬱ǹٴ׷״ЩëʬһƵġۡ졣
ΪͨĽʬǵǹģЩӵڰëʬҲֻ¼ǳǳӡӶѡ
ڶݵĿֻ֮ҺͻнЩëʬڻһεɱ˳еϽ𣬶ʱâʢϽĿ֮·ɣƮһԴ˹ԴѪأеĽҲɱȺ֮Уһ·ɱƲɵ
ۿһĺȫѪ֮Уڴʱߵ֮ͻȻһӰɫ֮Ͻȫ˻Һͻз׷һ֣ԵķȫջС
Ĵ󣬵סʱ򣬽Ųɵһ٣иվ˽Ÿ۾ȵľͷȥ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻŵһֵζЩ̱ǣԴЩΣ֪ף϶жġ
ߴѦС߸ҵһ޹ǣܹɢ㣬һĶҲ̫ãóڱһ£ʱˬһɡ
ţҽ޹ָ˻УҲˣڱǰһ¡
ˣҲдȫס˿ڱǣùɣСʱ֮ڶġ
ǰɢ֮г˺˵ʬ֮⣬صѪ
ҴǣéɽŪǼ߰ëʬȻҲ˵ϡ
ܹŵŪİëʬ˵Էиֳˡ
Һͻһŷȥ
ڲȵľͷվһˣԼʮһʼڼǸĺǾվ˵ǰ棬˫֣һ˫С۶ݺݵĶǡ
˲֪ʲô·ͻȻɱ˽һɱʮֵܣһӺ֣ղҲһǵĵ
˵õĸǡ
һԲֻǶݺݵĶǣһͷҰǣ͸һɲ̵ľͷ
ǵĺһ廨һ£Ѻţһֱڲϵ
˵͸һһ֣סһǸµĲӣȻ䳯ǽ˹ȥ
ǽ϶ʱһѪôԶͷѳҲ쳣Ӷᵽס
Ǻǿֶʵԡ
ɱ֮ǲ˵λǻƬģĺܣ֮ǰûмɣ
ѽСǰװβأɱһ˾뻣סңСүѵŴĲɣ
ǰװȣǲһףҪôڵϵҪôҳ˵


1192 ʤ֮
ֱžžΪƾһɺݾ뻣סҺͻУȻҺͻп꣬ʲôûм뵱һصļΧǻһɱɱһصĳħ֪ٱһǸɱˡ
ĸУ˵ʵǸûн
ĳ˵ҼҶˡ
ҺͶ˻ȥɫʱͺһᴩĵ̱ĳ죬΢΢ţ˰ŵô֪˭ڱûиҸĺŸɵˣԺڱĵϻ죬ôϽҪȻɱȫң
ĺƨξǳĺģǣǶܼһëĺ˵ĺԷΪ϶ǴԲѣ⻰˵ȴеǼˣ˵ԭ֮غ֮Ϊǿߡ
̨ɽ۾ʦ״ӡ
ǸʬҵĴˣõүе洫չΪ˵ӣеķΪĴȫСӵϣǳ֮⣬һһĸ֡
Ǿ͸˵ˣѧԨԴɱԽֶȻǲһʩ󣬲ҿܹԽ˲ࡣ
ĸ˹ԭһΪǿߣ˵ȻЩġ
ǶԷ϶ţΪǴţء
ȻţǻЩǶ˵ģϾղʮ˶ɱģܹûٹҪΪУȷҪһ¡
ԣһֻвţûҪǶֵ˼
ǼƢٺãҺͻӣָűӴ϶ǲˣǵļٴζһ£ȻһӣʱʮѺڶǹֱӾͿ˻֪ôɣٰ˲ƴŻһ뿪ȣҴ߶ٰ˲һɲǼ䣬ֱӴǬ˱ﶪһ
ǸǶʦ֣һųʦֱ㳯ŶЩ˵Ľ¿ٵ˹ȥ
ʦһʼûнϵͷ˳ǿ챼ߵʱϵȻ䱬˳ʦɱһܼȺУǸɲһһš
ҺͻиոܵȫشŲով֮󣬾﷢һĲҽͬʱ˵ľ
ʲô
䡭죬֪мմȾ˶ʦϵĴһһȫճ˴ﶼȵĻ⣬ôԶǾ͸оһȵ˹
һص˴඼֪һֲĻޡޣǱȺⶫ
䲻⣬䲻ʤ֮
ʦȺܼߵ֮зܴ֣Щܶûеطܡ
Һͻоվȵһ࣬Ķ˲ҵİ;ֵĴ֮⣬мǵǹ죬Լҳһࡣ
Ƭ֮ҵĽŲٴδﴫ˳
һǱ֪˲ûбʦȫ©֮Ҫˡ
һʼǱûбϣڶʦܽȫֿ϶ҲܹѴ˽١
ǽŲ֮ʹһɫһεĳ֮С
һƤⱻ˵ζʮִ̱ǣϻʮŰɫĩ״Ķ϶˱ջ֮Ĺǻҡ
ʦϵȼյĺܿ죬ϱǻմȾϣӵĹ⾰ճһѻҽ
֮⣬ǻ˼˵ıӰǰһ
ڶʦֿ϶׷Щˡ
Һͻж˵ѭЩܵķ׷˹ȥ
Ⱥ鲻ǹô˼ޱǹʹ
ַӽճ
Һͻп첽Уܿ׷ȵľͷʱŷиţ˿Ż󿪣ſڴмҫ۵ĻȼգЩѾˣǻûбȫջųӳյĻܡ
Ǵ˺ţֱ˱ĺԺ֮УŶʮɥ֮Ȯһ㳯źԺԺǽǱ˹ȥҪǽӵĽࡣ
ʦ־ͽǵĺ׷ᡣ
ӣӵ
˻¾ߣô׵顣
Һͻһ߳Щ׷ȥһ߽ͭǮٴδǬ˱˳ͭǮһεҵͷ֮ϣâ硣
ͭǮɣһ죬㳯Щǽĺһεɢȥ


1193 ĸ
һΣͭǮһӵĺܺãЩһﶼʦŵʧǣףһڷǽĹ˵Ϻ滹׷˹
ԣ󲿷˶û˿ķһ͵ͭǮĽɸӣЩֱſǽͷϱ
ˣ߰˸˷ǽˣҿǺ͸ӵ죬ֱһż㷭˺档
ղŻţģͳɥȮǿ϶û뵽ᱻ˷Χˡ
Ҫɱһģһٶʣ޼
ǣЩǿ϶һҲܷŹ©˷ҪһĸףһڲС
ʦֱԺǽ棬޷ǰˣ̧ԴǽͷϿȥĺĽиͣ
߹ȥһֱ㽫ʦָװǬ˱֮С
Ȼǽ׷Щȥˡ
ҷԺǽʱֻ˻еıӰֵ֮ʬ塣
Щ˹ǱŷˣĿĳŴ첽ȥ
һ˺üٰ˲ֶΣ׷Щ˵еĽ꼤˻㾦ڹߵļһһɱ
õ֪Ǽ򵥽ɫʮֲֿĶ֣аٳֺϣһ־һֹһ
ǽŲͣԽԽ죬һҪǽֵ˼ûС
Ǻ͸֮⣬ߵĽ£ʱƺƵӵʱεӰֻ
һ׷ȥ˺üԶʱЩɻ˵ðչں渺Ϻ
Сܵȥˣؼʱ̿ɲܵӡ
Ҫ⼸˸ˣЩˣĺ˿϶׼
ʱ򣬽ҽ𣬹ߵ˵ϡ
չһôȻ˳Ԥ׵ľͻɱˡ
ǹǺͶһ׷׳һȥ
ǷӦչеĻ𾫳䡱һȼǽ֮ڵĺɫ棬ƺ˺ܶ౶
һʱһ㶣Ҫ·񱼣չеĻ𾫳һһźɫĻӽ籡ǰļô˲ȼסǵȥ·ȵĻ棬˹Զӭ
ֻõת˷򣬳һȥչһˣ˹ȥǵǰһཫôȼˡ
ǻӣʱҺͻѾϵһٰ˲ֱӶǵǰ
иǳǵĺ·˸Χм䡣
ǺͶĹһۣ֪Ӳȥˣ˵ɫޱȡ
ܴƵӵиܵһľɫ
ˣҪıָо
ǿһˣСٴ˵λѣڱϣҹǻЩģʶٽˣλᣬΪôߵ˲࣬¿ɴû˵ܷ͸ףǾʲô·
֪˭Ц˵
صĵ˵ͷ
ֵ֪˭ܼ򵥣ԹԵĹڵϣеͶǲɱ²ʱȻ˭
һ㶣ԵЩţֵǡһǱˡǴӴ½İɣ
ôϻͶѡһûôʱǳҲ˵
ǵɫһɫĵ̶һ£һ˵㻹Ϊҹǲɣӻ콭ʱǻںأҪǼСӶ˷ݶԺôڱ㣡
ඣǻʲôǣСү뿴ĸǸʲôӡһ֣еĽʱâתʼžӽ֮ϴ˳ķĺҰһ֮
⽣Ϸ죬ʱŵ˻һ׵סˡ
ţȴҪģҪ϶ǲɡ
ǹһĬھٺܿ죬ܼҲû߶ʲôҲͼӵĹǹξͱһ¾ͱһҵľˣϻëԴֱӾͱһ˶ͷ
ѱģϻһĵ̣ͷӵ
Ӳͣĵ˵ϡ
ԭֻҲȫצӣצϵָ׳а׶೤һֽǵļӸС
ҾֵǣСӵһ˫ֱϾȻ˺ۼףһֱλá


1194 ж
νڣϵʵԭߵҲ֮࣬ǰǾȰչʱѪ̵ЩһҲѱɹͷĹһаһʩչɹ˲佫Ϊ
ҿǶõƺҪЩѪ̵ҪǿһЩӦǸǿ棬оҪࡣ
ӣ֮ģеĽǰ
ǹһ˻𣬻һ˫צӣͳ˹
Ҫǰ֮ɱʱ򣬰չͻȻǰһҵǰ棬еĻ𾫳һ⣬ͳǹǴ˹ȥ
չһ￴ҲǸƢںϺһֱͲô⣬ڴס˻ᣬչʾһʵ֤Ǹ
ŵĻһͷų͵ĺܣǻ𾫳ҲһʮְԵķǻȶʦֵҪȡ
ʵҲǾðչֶβУֻǶ̫ϤбȽĬѡ
ǲӲᣬڰһΣͶһԣһأٴδӵϵ𣬳˹
Сӵ۹⼫ãһ۱㿴⼸˵еͷˡ
ǺŲĵ·
ҪȽ£סչͻС
Ҫ֣ȻϽ𲧣һâէ֣ҲŹǴ˹ȥ
üһ˶Ըǣûɶ¶ˡ
һˣõĸǡ
һһ壬ϴԼȴûߡ
˵Ŀⶼ˹ϵʱСһͷ֮УܵıӶ졣
кͰչ˶ԸһһǱȽϷĵģһʱӦòʲô⡣
СӼ㲻ʲôҪɫҲôɾ͸ˡ
һΣͳǶ׷˹ȥһʩչ˺üٰ˲ſСӵӰ
ҷΪٰ˲ֶҲĵӦ֡
һ£˰˲⣬Ҳʮ٣ܻܿҵٰ˲ʱȣȻ֮
Ǽٰ˲ʩչѾСӻ߰ԶСӻͷһʱҪŷ˵Ľ࣬󺰴ûһļ񱼡
ô죬Ҳ첻ٰ˲һұ׷˲Զ
֮ҾѾǰ棬Сӻͷһٴתͷʱ򣬷Ѿվǰ棬Žһ΢ЦĿʱŵһɲȻͨһ˵ϣ޵һĿͷֹ硭硭㲻ҪɱңͶ
СôˣٸһᣬܶԶԱһٺЦ
СҲŲ˷λ׼ҵķٴοͷһ߿ͷһֵ硭ҲҰɡҲˡ
˵ʱСͻȻͶ˼ѰԴ̧һɲǣֱӳҴ˹ʱŵһһ飬׵ľ룬ͻȻôһ֣˿϶ûˣٰ˲ֶ治ǰ׸ģգۼƶ˰˲⡣
ˣһһСҳڰ˲ʱ򣬶ʱø첲ϴһɴʹͷһŷָ첲ϲһͷɵɼǡ
۵죬ϵ亹ð˳Ƭ̵ĹҸоһֱ۶ֵġ
꣬ж
붼û룬ֱӽǰ˿ڴ˳˵ϣæ˿ΧļѨϿٵĵ˼£ֹѪҺֹͨҺɢ
ˣǾЩͷؽᣬⰵϵĶǹ͵ġ
һΣˣСȫǰϻĽࡣ
һΪ¼ңŵķңĻ뵽һƲĽɫȻвɱС
һֱСĽңЩдˡ
ðҵĶȴѾӵվأԹЦ˵СӣĺõĶŰ˿ˡҪĻԹҿͷҼүүһҩ
ת仹ǹġ
ûСӣǽǬ˱֮УѦС߸ҵǿ޹Ǹ˳ڱ£ʶȻࡣ
һǼװһжģӻΣסԱߵһôصĴϢǹ޳ܵġȻڰι
թ˵ûУҪǲԸ㣬ҿ϶Ķ֣治֪ǼǴðģԭôôˡôģһɱôˡǶǺ˵


1195 »Ȫ
ŴүѪٶ֣ڵĶҪһḶ́ⶾʮֵңҸоһʱⲻˡ
ѦСߵǿ޹ڣʶʮѵġ
Ϊסңóһ˹ݵ˵ɱôˣ϶ˣͷȥ϶ң˵ԺõˡλҪлඣҳ˹Ǹʯ
ҹӵȻһƨ˵ϣϢӴ૵˵㡭㡭ɱҿ϶Ҳк³ģֵһ׷ˡ
ˣǵıһ֪ģƾѣҪɱôף㻹ǰĵ»Ȫɡ
˵ţǶһ¾еͳҲ߿ٵͬʱȻеĽ꣬ؿڴ˹ȥСһôԻأ
СӷӦҲѸݣǵڰϱı˷͵նеĽ꣬ҵĽ񵲿ֱ֮ӳһ񱼶ȥ
õģ湻Ҫģղ͵Ϯҵʱװӣ޷סңٴεͷܣܷ뿪
ȻǶɢͦ죬ҵ廹ܹǿ֧ŵסͭǮ߶˵֮еǱͭǮʩչ˳
֮Դ߶ͭǮΪ⽣󸲸ȽϹ㣬ɱǿǽʧ׼ͷұû׷Сӵ
ͭǮ˼ʮöͭǮֻֽϰٵͭǮŶǵķ˹ȥ
һҽУǶǺˣŽһεĳŶǵķȥȵһŷСӵĴȺͺ󱳱ͭǮ˼ѪѪֹ
Ҳ󣬾ȻûȥٴתŸġ
һεľ飬Ҹϻֱ䣬ֱӽСӵԴ
үģһͽҸɱˣ
Сӽ֮ٴһƨ˵ϡ
Ҳ֪ǰιʲôҵĿԣղŶһбͭǮ󣬱ЩҲЩ죬ҴϢƬ̣Ǭ˱֮УѦС߸ҵҩóһ֣ϸһҳһƿⶾҩҲܶԲֱ֢ӵ˼ҩ
ҩ֮ҵƬ̣оҩ̫ԣǱǶǵϸһһǮвٱõǮһ٣Ǭ˱ַһѳһЩղСӴҵְڰһ࣬źüСƿӣĴָСҲֱ治һƿǽҩҲһսǬ˱֮С
ЩұͭǮҡҡλεĳŻǱ˹ȥ뿪ôһˣҲ֪ûи㶨Ǹһ
ղһͲҪҵǹӦҪȶࡣ
뵽ҲɵûЩɵüӿ˽ŲţͻȻǰӰʲôǰƮ
ˣⶾѦС߸ҵҩⲻˡ
ͣоԼĺԽԽ٣æѦС߸ҵ޹˳ڱǰ˼ڣŸо࣬ʶҲһЩæӿŲʱ·˹ȥ
ԶǱߴ򶷵죬쳣ңǰһξ룬㿴һƬܣôһƬطյ͸
ߵսûнǵȷͦѲġ
ҿ˼ոյΧͻȻһ˹һҳԱһǵߵһô֮ϣֱӽǴضˡ
ǽֳԭķ۷˹ȥ
ģģУҲſǶǻеϽ𲧡
զҲأ
Ժòֱˡ
ֱӽ޹Ƿ˱ϣٴ˼ڣųսֿ˹ȥһƣ֪Щ̫չˣмѪֱۣӹ˰ӣŭĿҲ˳ΧĻȡ
ҿǹҲûֵʲôˣϵƤëս࣬ɢһɴ̱ǵζ
һվкܿͿңһߴһ߳ҵСţһ̫ѲˣɵվˣϽŵ
ҵж˰
ǻôһͷһۣһ˫֮Ϸɳ˼Ƕ˴ȥǱƿࡣ
ǹڵأ͵һԾֱӳ˹
ҿҸоҾͲ֣


1196 Ǽݵ
ǲһеĳʱҾ֪СǶҶɱҴһɱ
ͷһɲƺǸоˣԲų߷ѡ
˽꣬㼤콣л㾦ʽǽʽˣȴֻâһûнǵɫĹ
еģⲻǿЦô
ۿǹһצӾҪҲϵʱ򣬾ͻȻݵ
һɫĹâͷýǰУǹǾͱ˰֮Уһֻۼ׵Ĵָ߸߾ѾҵԴʮֵľ롣
һɫĹâҾ֪ˣʱ
âܼ̫ãʱѣ
ѦС߸ҵлɢ˵ͳǹǵ˹ȥ
ǹǱڰ֮Уһ±֮ɫʲô
ǵϵĽһţǵӵ˵ϣлɢжȥеӳ֣ϵĳëͷצӺָܿԭģգۼĹֳһˡ
ҸµлɢķСǵжȥС޷ֺ
ǱסˣкͰչȫ˷˹
չЩŭɶһͺݺݵĳǹǵϳһƣŭͦţôôһԣ
һȥǵİСЩ˵ôھɱңֻҪһа취ųȥŪǼ
ΪҲŪ㣡չ˵ţһƣСͷת
һΣǹǵʵˣֻǺ޺޵ĿŰչһ۲
ʱ򣬰չңʵСŸ磬ղôʰСӵģһ׹ȥ͸ˣôŪģ
չùֶΣԲŻʮֺ档
ұǶʱ;Щͷؽᣬһ򣬲һƨڵϣҿչۼֿ죬һѽҸקסСŸ磬ˣ
ղǸˣһУι˶СˡƵ˵
˵ͬʱ֮ͻȻһˣɣһ߿첽һ߽ͭЩٵ˵ûУĸҪˣ˱˾ǸϽ
һ˵˶һ£̱ڵϵĹȴֳһĨթЦݡ
ѵĸָĺʲô
ߵߵʱͻȻҵɫ̫ãæʵСţжˣ
ӦһƤͿʼ
еķԸҸϿߣͷѾ׼˳תƵһȫĵط
һѽҸקŹǵӣһ˳Ŵͷķ첽ȥ
ڶ̫ҵԵʣһֱ˯һֱ˵İΣǲǾͽѦС߸ҵǿ޹ǲͣķڱԴ
ܿ죬һ˾˴ͷִͷ۵װƵڳ߶ǣӭЩ˵ߣﲻȫˣϾ͹
ҲֱȫǹҲһ˳ϡ
Ҳ֪ʲôղŴԺﱻȵһһ£˿Ѿǻһ𣬺Щˡ
˳֮󣬳Ӻܿͷˡ
չΪ˰ȫóһǹǸ廨ǰ˵ֶЩ⣬Ҵûмһһæ˺һ
ʲôַ˵Ϊר˵֪֮֮ԽԽпܱӸ
⵹ϡ棬չСӵĻͦϸġ
һһģСŸ磬ˣ˵
Ǹǵİʲô̫ˣ˵ǧ׻ûҴֵ˵
Ȼһȴһ֮ɫæôܣĺõĶŰѪʱᶾôܼôã
ѦҸĽⶾҩܳŵס¶һ˵ҵ
һЩģұտڲԣû˵ʲô
ڹ·ʻһСʱ֮˺üȦʻ˺ߵһС
ȻһũԺͣ
Ӹո֮ͣһ˴˳Щȫ˳
һմӳϱװܰ˱ǿĳƺһү


1197 
һ˵ͷҲܿĺһ壬˵ϳʱûˡ
æ˳ȥһһ˵үҲǸո˵ܼҳô飬ĺҲ̫Ƕˣ뵱̫үڵʱ򣬸ǰ˸Ҳңû뵽үȥһ˴½ĺͶܼˡ
һƺأǸոûãҲֻ࣬ɫ
ܿ죬ǾߵװԸǼ½ӿһεĵطȲ
æһ˽š
ҲһҲʱЩ˯Ƥô˺ˡ
Ҫ˯ȥʱø첲ϴһɴʹ۵һ
һ룬һ¡
ɶû˶Ҳˣתôû˵
ڻ˯еĶɲᣬɫЩˣһ˯ȥпܾѲˣ취ϵĶ˰ɡɲ޵ǵ˵
װƬ̣һﲻҪˣطҲһͨȥţʲôҲȥﴦͺˡ
طܼҵһݵ㣬νߣЩǮ˶Լ֮·ˣǮߣһЩ
Ҳãһ򣬾һʱҲиİ취
һٴθװٵһƫλƿһӣ¶һȺصţ֮һȺ룬ǸĺõҲи˽
طĲøǱİõĲ࣬һңһҡ
Ǽֱ˼ңܹʱĶ򡣹Ϻصķ֮󣬻һŽ˵ϣŭ˵Ľҩģ
ǸӲͷǱ߷˵ϣȴֻһŲϡ
һߵİչƺһӻȥǶǹһȭߣǹѪһӲ߶ûһ
ȷǸӲ
ܹ쵽زĺÿڵϴ֮һûЩֶΣԲɾλá
ŰչǣҲûȥܣǴǬ˱֮ȡ˴øļƿҩһԵϣɵϸ磬ķӣӦöһЩҩЩҩ֮Ƕģ㿴ƿǽҩ
ɿһϵҩƿӣֱ𵹳һҩڱţţɫһҩζ࣬ÿҩֻǶ˻һҩģʵǷֱ治
һƣһɿڵĻֻ·һˡ
ȻֵҲһ԰ɣһƿҩǡ
ãǸϽģҵƤ˺ˡҴߴٵ
ɵ˵ͷ˼ͭǮϣȻָʼ㣬Ƭֽ֮ͭǮָϵǼСƿӰ߶һ壬ɽϻĸҲ
ȥڸǿЦô磬žأҪˣҺòã
ͷľٶ˶ЩĿɿڴ
Ƭ֮ɲָһɫҩƿ˵ˣƿװǽҩ֮󣬱׼ҩ
ϸ磬ȷʱҸճȥȵۼȥˡƵ
ľǣġ
һǱȽŵģֱӾǰɫҩƿȡһźɫҩ裬һ¾
ҩ̽ȥ֮ҩЧӵͦ죬һɴʹϮȫ۵亹ˣʱԼǹҵĽ࣬Ǳɸˣɴʹ󣬽űȫ̹ÿһ񾭶չ˿ֻ˯ĸо֮һա
һ֪ƿǽҩղžڶҡ
ϵĶ֮վ򵥻һ½ȫĹžһ죬ŽĿⶢ˱չͷǡ
˰չ϶ǲ˵ģöõֶβС
һ˵չź޺޵ס֣ͷҿһۡ
һߵ˹ߣһĺǰɣҲ˭ǽʲôϣܹϣ˾иëرϲӲͷֻҪһ֣ӲĹͷ죬˵һǵ˵Ǻαأ
ѪĹĿңһſڣһѪ̵ͳ˹


1198 
΢΢һӣǿѪ̵ʹҶ߷˹ȥ
ŪңҲ˵֣ĺֻ·һھϴɾ˲ӣǵɣ
ЦţǶĵĵڲͣĲ
һֱƲһͻȻǰһһŽ߷ڵأһģܽô
˵ǽҸײˣһ۾
ǸϰӣһֱǶŸɣĺ翴˳ˣͱж˿˰ɣɴЦ
ʱ΢΢鶯۾ҲһЦȻãܺãҼΪӲͷҵҪ㻹Ӳʲôʱ򣡣
˵ţұ԰չ
չ첽ǰһѽǴӵϳס°ͣ˲Ѫ죬һεֽǬ˱֮Уȡһҩ
ҩɲһĶѦСԼõĶҩֽתιǵΪֹҶûмܳŵסӡ
ֱֻ޶˿ֲһ±ڹƤĹͷһ㣬ʹԸӡ
չǶǵ֮Ǿתιǵ˹ǵУȻһĺǿŵҩ㱻˸С
ˣչͿ֣һĿңʣһйܲá
չûмתιǵǻȴ֪ⵤҩĿֲ֮ٺһЦ˵СװҷģһҪܳסʮӣҾͽԴ㵱ҹá
ҿôչЩŵ˵
ôһ˵ǹɫͱˣЩɲ
·ͨ뺣˵˵˵˵üһɾûˡ
ǸӲֱתͷȥٿңƺСмһˡ
۾Ͳܸˡ
Ҵһָ߶˾תιǵ
Ϳǻһһ˫۾͹˳ɫó죬ֳɫ
ȴҧӲͦţǺ߶ûһ
ͻȻһƬ˵Ŀⶼע˹ǵϣҪתιǵû˵档
ʱһһţӲͦӣ죬һ·ʪ͸ˡ
ӹ󣬹۵ܲˣֱһ˵ϣȻʼԴײ˵棬ˡ죬ŶĳѪ
ķӵʱ򣬹ǾͿʼҽУɱһĲҽУ˿˲ɫչҲŵɫɷס
һǹĸ֣;Ȼʮǿסˣ֪
۵ȥûɿڵ˼оʱһת۹ȥ߰˷ӵĹ⾰֮۾һֱ۵Ļ˹ȥ
ȫʳĺˮһʺʱŪĳ˱ǣ治һ̭
нһЩˮһ˹ǵϣ۵ĻȥĹǴһ飬ٴ˹ſڵϣѾһûˣ˴صĴϢ
˵˵ҵͷʵ
ǵѾû֮ǰķâ˿̳η壬תιǵһ⣬ҲѲƤ
ܼôãԵôӣ֮ǰЩˣҶûмܳŹӵġ
ϵļ⾷Ƶĳ鶯ţһ£ڣִһָתιǵһεķ
һαһθݣʹ˺üȼ
ǺɤӶˣûǻһӶǱҽ˵ɱҰɡһʹġˡ
˵ǲ˵㲻˵Ļеʱ棬浽Уҳ
ֲҽ˰ӣڶסˣ˵˵ôͣˣ
ȻѾʼģΪһӡ˰Ӳþתιǵͣһε̱ڵأ۾ͨ죬Ѫ˿촽ҧˡ
ϢƬ̣Ȼŵ͸˵ˣƫǲܼôãҾӣǸ֪ʵ飬ҴӦһ·
۾һĨϣæʵ˻棿
ȻҪ˵ʵҪȻڵⵤҩһӣһΣһһСʱһֱΪֹҪأҩ͸㡣
Ǻݺݵһĭ˵Ǻðɡʲô˵ܳǱ߷ɸߵģʱѺ̶һͷûбŲطҾͲ֪ˡ
˵ܳӦһĸףȻһϢʱҲ˲࣬һѾסӣĵҸôˣ


1199 
һĹѾûƢܳĿǰ˵Ӧûв϶šҾ֪ЩľͲ֪ˡ
Ҹ׾屻ʲôλãǵطж˿أһٴμʵ
ͷĺõһÿڣר˽ĵطǸطõĵ̣϶ٲ˵ģмˣɾͷֵ
ڹǱˣһǼʻǣҾùѾûе˵ٻˡ
ԽӲͷˣһʰˣԽǲˣʲôĻ
ʹǵװ߳ңǼ֮С
װڶǼǷԵǴŰֹͻϮһͱǼ˸ˣˣĺõˣ˵顣
ˣҸȫźԵľء
ʱǺһл
˼䣬˱ңҸ֣ص˵壬顣
װһ£˵ʲôֱ˵ͺãܼҵĴˣǾүܼҳһڶ˵ܼҺʹ½ֵܹã˵ģҲΪǸеˡ
壬Ҿһ£Щӿɲɿ᲻й¶ǲĵط
װôһʣٴһ£Ƭ̲ŵүδ˶ǸܼϵĸһֱĹӦòֳĶ
ɲ˵ɣ¶⣬ȫĸĻϴüľݵôй¶أŸյĺɱ˹ûйܣҾĺӦòôܹҹҺѵ
ǵĳӱ¶вذɣǿȥʱǿܼһҵСĳҲСģŻˡЩӣǸܼôˣܼһֱûпǣӦûкܼҵ˼ߣΪ˰ȫüʱѾеͨѶ߶սҲûа취ϵװصĻش
壬ϲ⣬նɲҪ˿̫ˣܼǴǲǿĽǮ£϶վܼң㼴ǽеͨѶ߶˵׼ϻһֻأ߽⼸꣬ܣ˲ٿ˲پ飬һСĽܻһЩ
һѣװЩˣæǸô죿
ڽе˶ۼһǵϻѳͨѶߵĻǿ϶ĺԵףʱֱɱ˱ǡҳ
װЩΪѵ˵ðɣЩɶǸܼҶĸδǶġ
壬ⶼʲôʱˣǼүҪҪҪٱĺ˸˽ӣɾûô׻ųȥˡһ㽫ǽй˼ѣˡٴ˵
װһ£˺ܴƵ˵УھͽǶй
˵ţװͿ첽߳ţҲ˳ȥ
ҴüԺȳ˴Լ߸ˣ˶õĸɱˣټϴڵҵˣܹʮӣԴǽ֮Ǳ㱻װֱԺΧļطڡ
װкһãۼ߸ˣȫװߡ
װɨһۣʵӺСأ
壬ӺСſڷڵģ˵Ҫȥһĺ˹Ҳǰ֪һǸ˲ʮӡһ˵
װ˵ͷͷһۣѰҵ
жʱһֲõԤУæװ첽Ŵڵķ첽ȥ
װȻҲǸߣΪһ㣬ܼһͣźܼˣԭǸһĸܳǵġ
ҿ첽УװҲܸϣ֮Ǿ͵˴ڣڸתһȦǲûпʲôˡ
װʱЩˣЩ˵أ
վԭأĴɨһۣͻȻ䣬оĳطһӵѪζζ̫ϤˣҶѪζЩУ첽ɢѪζĵطȥ
һֱߵ׿һݴԸٴϸһͻȻͿһڲݴм䣬ϻһЩĲݣԴѪע̽һıϢѾˣһǸûãʬ廹ȵġ
װߵһʱһС


1200 ܵ
ʱһǸ˵ӺС˵ΧڣֹĺС˴ȴûӰʱֺܲõԤٴθͷ
װһСʱ˵Сֶӣܼģû뾹Ȼط
װ˼ǻ뽫ʬֹװľٶѵ壬˴˾ǻǸϽ߰ɣûв´ĻǸӿ϶ǱĺͨˣһĺĴͻϵǸϽתƣѾȫˡ
ĺݣڻ˶˲˼ȥ˼ˡ
һ˵װЩزܰҴСĺӣͽ˵ĺ˸ץˡ
壬ڲʱ򣬱ǲͽĺ˿϶ǸϽߣҪȻһˡߴٵ
װһͷѪѾϢСӣ̾ϢһҳũԺ첽ȥ
֮ҺװصԭأԺһļΧûҵСӺӡ
װɫȻ˵ҸϽŲطѾȫˣСˣпͽ
˻һ˵һ֮
װͽļҲò̫ܡ
ȴǶڴ˵Ŀǿ첽ߵÿ˰ţ첽߽˵ңȥ֮ȥѾѪ֮Уһ˫ĿĴۡ
һһѴѪվ˹ǵʬԱߡ
ҿʬ壬չ˵СŸ磬һ罫Ǹɱˣûס
ԲסˣСŸ磬һûסͽǸɱˡһеĵЩȻ˵
˵ɱǣǲû˵ɱɱҲûʲô
ұɱɱ˰ɣǴҲǸ׸ߴһܲõϢطֱ¶ˣøϽ뿪Уĺ˺ܿͻҹ
˻һ˶һȻһǾЩ˼飬СŸ磬ǲﲻһСʱôô챩¶ˣطܰȫģӦòǡ
СˣһȥģܿӽɱˣҲ˵ӺпͽĺͨˣϽʰһ뿪Ҳɷ˵
һһŵɫȻܣǸһ浽ѣôͽ
ٸǽ飬ֵܿܲܵģСΪϽߣ
˵ţұкһˣչȻû˵ǶҵĻȫΣסһ첽ȥ
ûȴסǣ˵Ҵܵ뿪ɣһڴ̫ˣ˶Ŀܵ˶жʮˣó
˵Ҳԣͬ飬ܵţһɫҴҵ뿪뿪֮ǰҲ֪ͨ˵ϵװǼӣһ֮ܵ뿪
ܵխֻݵһǰߣһһͰڿ첽ǰУߵںһƬóֵܿǰ·
Լ֮ܵп첽ҵĹ⾰㵽˾ͷ
ǰһ⼣߰ߵӣã׵壬˳ȥһصĸ壬һķ˳ȥʱ
˳һԾϣִ˴ҲһլӣǳʵƤĴܶ
һһ֮˽͵լǼʮǰܼһֱãԺÿҶỻһ⳵ǰʱռһ⳵ӳȥá
ܼĻܵòһ˵ܹɻء
ܴܹװʮˣ˶˳˾
һף˿϶ġ
˶˳֮˳ӣڸʻҵ󣬸ָ·һڡ
طѾڴӵΧ˴һֱߣ￪ĵطܼҵһҵڹ򣬵ǾͰȫˡ˵
Ӧһ˳ӣŴٵʻȥȻһ壬ʮźɫװ˶·ڣ·ڳ·ϣסǵȥ·
һﻹ죬ҿӵļʱҪȻͱĺ˸ǴũԺ
ƴ󲿶ӾķΧʮֻǸϺġ
Ҳûлţǽͣ򿪳˳ӡ


1201 ܼǹ
һ³֮Ҿһ̳Ц˹ȥǿĸЩ˵˼λ磬Ǹɶģȳ֧̣ȥͻܲȽ·ƿͻżˡ
ͷһ˽ҵݹȥһȷ˳ȥ˵ϻгϵ˶Ҫһ¡
λ磬ǾǸɶģ˵Ͳ飬֤ûУҸ
ôķϻ³³ҪȻӿɸǲˣͷŭ
úúáͽгϵ˶˵ţұתȥװžͿš
һת֣һ֮һɨǧͺɨ˹ȥļ˶ʱǵն롣
ȺЩ˷Ӧ򿪣кͰչ˳ͻɽһ㣬˵еķЩԾδȫնɱ
ǳ䲻⣬Щĺ˸һصЩ߸ûȣֻ׬ǮˣҲôУԸ翳вһס
һӵʱ䲻Щ·ļһȫǸŵˡ
Ƭ̵ͣЪæƿ·ϣû¶һ·˳ӣƿЩʬ壬ǰС
չͻҲȫķ˻ȥ
氲һһĿɿڴ˵⼸ɱħͷһ㣬ǰüһɱһٶĺˣʮ˽Ҳһգ۵Ĺ
ָɴ䣬һˮɱ˾ԷȾһɡ
岻Ƕ֣ЩԾһү⼸λĸֶ֣˵ãǰôûм⼸λ
һҲǼɴָסˣΪԺ˵λ⣬ǱˣǴӴ½Ǳ߹ģܼҳ飬СŸ˹༸λСŸѣڴ½ҲһһһĶǿߡ
ֲϷǿˣ⼸ڣүһܹүȳһ羴Ŀǡ
˵ҲûʲôֻһԵİչԵЩ˵һκܺõᣬҪΪѪȷ֮ƽʱѧĶҵЩֶκͼɣ󲿷ֶһδεʵսɱ˼
ֻиֹУһߵΪС
Ų·֮Ǻܿͳ˴ӣҽӿķɿ죬һĹ˵Ҳʻȥ߰Զ
Ȼ͵˶Ϊܹʱ򣬲Ԥϵ鷢ˡ
Ƶ컮ʣűһѵ죬һȵĶŽҵĲϣһһ顣
С˾һæСǹˣˣ
һͷʱǸǳ֮ΪСˣһþʹ˺ףѪɽźüأѪŽߣܰŵļһסԴ
ӵҲ֪Ǵʲôطģ֪жĹһۣ˴źߵĹ·ϷɳۣһһƬ֡
ܼǹڲͣţЩ˳ϣЩӳĴɹ
붼û룬ֱһһɲͣȻк˵³ǰƬӣ
һ䣬򿪣ȫٵĴӳ˽ȥ
ͬʱӵǲϵĳǴ˷С
˭Ҳ֪Щηǵģ֪γ
Ψһ֪ǣǲĻֻ·һ
³ǹһ¡
ǹ֮ȴҲ֪ûҺͻһ˿һ㳯ȥ
ǰûãӭʮװĺˣǹһһ߳߿
үģⱦôصһصأȻǹ
Ʋľˣֱޡ
Ҵţ˳ȥͬʱڳһֻ֣һշ䣬һϣ˵ǰ棬Щӵһϱʯ󺣣û˶
չѾ˳ȥŻ𾫳һ˦֣һ¶ǹļһһ֮УһյĲҺֹ˵ϡ
ɱ֮󣬰չͻһˣһѽֱӭʣʮĺȥ
ڴʱҾͻȻһɣһ˫ǸǹѪҵȫȾˣҲ֪ʲôط


1202 ǰ
˻ţһڣǿ϶취ʩȣϾûʲôҪˣϾ˻ҳ·
˵ʬ˵ϣܿŰչǰ漸·ĺСආˡ
ڴʱͷͻȻһը죬һ˲񷣬źǹźŵ
ȥʱźŶźǹ
Ŀǰ˵Ǹûпǵʱ䣬ǰǵɽҲҪһˡ
ǰļ֮Ǹҵ飬ȥ
һߣһߵ壬ǱˣƬӾжһֱǰߵĻߵʲôط
һ߻ͷһЩٵ˵ٷ֮ʮɭָǣƬȻҲܴ󣬹ýߵĻҪ߸һһҹܵһСкܶطûȥɽҲ࣬ҪҸطĺҪҵҲô׵顣
˵ҾͷˣǼ˾꣬ô󣬼˶࣬Ҳ֪ʲôطܣʵڲǻԴλսһ˵
ղӵʱ϶׷ģǸͣһֱͷǰܣһ廹˵мλһȻͦ󣬹Ǹ˵һ·ˣ¶٣ĺ˿϶ƬӸΧˣҲ̫ģĺҲ̫ãŪôĶ˿϶ϹһˣǾӳȥĻᡣ
˵Ĺ֮ǰװǱһ൱ص֯ƣҲרŶԸߵģֻⱦ۸ӣ˸صİ֯ǧ˿ƵĹϵҲ˵лĺˣûУҲпͨϵͨˣҪȻĺ˲Ŀŵôɣ˹ֻǸʰоֵģ˹ˣĺҲ̫ҡ϶ܿɢȥġ
ͲˣԭͲһ·
Щһ涼ûʲôϵڱľ棬µʱĺһʰǣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ҺͰչԼиǰվ۲·ɡװһм䣬ʣһ¸Ϻ
Ǳһֱǰ˰СʱĹ⾰һֱʮ־裬Ҳûʲô鷳
ͻȻЩ¡
ԽˣԽǲܵģһ߿ٵǰƽһ߶кͰչҪСľ裬˸˺·
Ҳѻ죬ոնǲӣǿֻŲĸоٴθֵͷǴһɶ񺮡
ȥкͰչʱǵıҲʮء
߶ڞųĸʮģڣǼСųȫʱ޿̲ڹעΧĶ
ʱѾշ䣬ָ⣬һʲô⣬ͽշϣס˵İΣ
ǰ˼ʮ׵ľ룬ֻֿŸоӵĳҸһ֣ʾǷŲ
ڵϹģľ˲
ԽԽˣһ취ʦִǬ˱˳䣬ǿװˣͲҪֱ֣ӵƱǡ
ʦԭתһȦĽ㳯ǰ·첽˹ȥ
СһҲĺܣһʼܶʱûмϵⱩ¶Ŀ꣬˵ʱŻἤ˱ɴﵽ䲻Ч
ʦһ´ڽ˹ľвӰҴ˼ǰС
ǰһҵľ룬ͻȻһҽ쳹ʣǰ治ԶһǵǲԶһĻ֮Ǳ֪ǰ
ʦôһ֣ǰЩ˶ʱңĹкü˱ճ˴ܼǹܿпӵҵͷƤȥġ
ãҰһǰǼշ䱻˳ȥ˲仯ϣһ֣γһͭǽڣסˡ
Ҹһͳ߷˹˵ϣҵͷһȻǶʦ֣ڵϴ˸ܿ췭𣬳ŲԶĴ
и֣
ܹԸʦֵˣʮֿµĴڡ
ܼӵͣЩҡҡ׹ʱ򣬻ͻȻеϽ𲧣һ׵ͷ֮ϣϽ𲧿ٵתϱɢһ͵Ľ⣬ٴסЩӵȫâ⡣


1203 
ԡڽɫķ֮£ʱ̧̩ͨͷһͷϵϽ𲧣ɢű˵ķ⣬һֱ߶Ƚŵ񾭶ʱ˲١
ҿһۻУʱѾ˵ϣһָ죬һָأׯϣһĵʵһɮµģ
֪ʲôʱ򣬻еϽ𲧾Ȼı£Ȼܹӵ⡣
˿ˣⶼȻֵֻ̿ɫ˺ܶࡣ
ôһĹ򣬴ǰͻȻɱһ٣˵Ҳжˣͷһλ꺺ӣһ˫ۣ˫۾ЩرһֻͫǰɫģһֻǺɫģӲߣҲʮ֣һǰɫģһǺɫģҲһģ
˵ر
һ߳ƺ㣬ӦǸĸ֣˫Ǭµվʮ׵ĵط
̧ͷһͷϵϽ𲧣ɵ÷ˡסһ̾
ȻҲǱһиסˡ
ʦһ˳ǰ֫˵ϣƨɸ߸߾𣬺﷢ĵͺһٴеģ
ظղŽʦִɹıǴˡ
һһװС˵ĺﱪõºֶγҪȹ࣬סǣ׶༪ˡ
ϽͣƬ̣Ŀƹǣ˱ǻмһʵǿأ
˵Ȼ㣬һȴҲ֣ǰһҸɱˡ
õĺ˶ɱҿǻˣĺֻҪܼҵļҲģ첻ɱǲˡ
޳֮ͽ˵ûʣȥ½ʱ򣬾Ȼܼ֣Ϊ𣿡һ
ǺЦһ˵ĺҪĶûеòģܼҴкˣϲĵֻ̫̣ܽˣǲǺ˵ֱӽɱ˱ǡ
ĺţôҿһ繷ʺչǸ첻µزµ
ƵĿ˰չϣЩм˵Сӣ͸һֻǰףһ׽ˣһ㳢ĺĿ̣ĥҹ㵽ʱ컹ӲӲ
ҪɱҾͿûǸˣչ޾ɫ˵
СӣǾʶʶүı£˵ţеǬµȻײһ𣬷һ죬һ֡
һ̣ǰǬµѪէ֣һѵֱӳ˦˹
ǵȻ˻Ͻֵķ⣬ֱŰչ˹
չеĻ𾫳Ȼ䱬һųɫĻ棬ӭǰѵͿ˹ȥȻײһ𣬵ðչƺһЩ˵ϣǰѱĳС
ȥǰչʱ򣬷ְչŻ𾫳΢΢ڴѪɫһƬ졣
ֶΣ
ܹһ֮ھͽչˣһӺˡ
˰չһۣɵҲ˵ͷ˵СӣģΪԣеĽҲ
ĹתͷһԵС˵һأɱһѪ·һȳȥҸطϡ
˵ţҴǬ˱óһݵɵУɿһۣ㽫Ƕ
СţһΪ֮ϣҪСһԼĵطϣ򲻹ܾǣڱƬ˭Ҳʶۣˡɶ
Ȼ˵СߵһȴʮС˵СŸ磬ôԣգȴ֮ززô˵ȥɣ
ˣϲôǺö˶˵ģҶߣǷľǣ򲻹ܵı»еġҿο
һ˵Щʲôһ֣˵Ļᡣ
װȴҲС˵һҪСģĺ˿϶ֹһõֻȥ·ģ϶һأû´ĻȥΧǵĿ϶ǻõˣһϣǳأһүӳȥҲ취ߡ
˵ǾͲҪǵˣչ˺Լͺá˵գһֱ֣ӽͼ˳Աߵİչʹһɫһͬ˹ȥ
һ֣һʮְԵ콣һɫĹâֱӴؿڡ


1204 ɱһѪ·
һֱûг֣һʼûнҷΪֻһСѣȻһ֣㽫ԼΪ񱩵չ˳
ѣһ
һɫĹӽ֮籡Я֮ƣ㳯˹ȥ
չӲӦǻ𾫳ȼһȵĳɫĻҲȥ
߾Ȼȷѣٵж࣬ͻȻһ¡
û뵽ƾôˣҲҸĺĺֿ⣬ⲻ
һҲո˵ҲôһĹٵһӣ㿪˶вһҽ籡ɫֱӭŰչȥ
еǬµһΣǻ˰չ籡һųɫĻ棬ǰٵĸչ˼С
չõĽΪɵĽ̫ԽԪһ壬иɻΪǿ̫̫࣬ԽʽʮǿҲ޷ֵסһ͹
չеǬµƵĽڽںˣһգ۵Ĺ˾͹ʮС
ҸղŴһ㾦Щĺϣһ´һǺ«߰˸ˡ
չЩԿٴǰӱ͵ϮеĽ·裬ҪȥŻ˰չΣǿһƽ֡
ͬʱǶ˱һϣɺһɱ˹ȥ
ǽսЩĺҲǹˣ˵Լˣַ׷˳ɱ쳹ء
Ͻ𲧣Ҳӵսһͬս֮С
һƬңǸײ
ԣǿѲڣһ¾ܿסҺͰչս
ҵĿɱһѪ·Ƚ˵һȳȥȻɱһǹ취ͻΧȥ
ҺͰչٵĸ˼ʮУ˫ûռʲôˡ
ڴʱеϽ𲧳һѪ·ֱɱҵһ࣬ҵ
ղȻϽάϣ˵ĻҲ˶Ǿһһǳȥ֮ء
кһ¶ʦ֣ʦֱǰ濪ϵڶһ·ֱײڿٵı֮Уʦֿʼѱ䣬һһĲϱСţһСĻޡ
ʦֿԿϵĴֻ֮˲ȼҲһɭִ
ڶʦǰ濪кһɣ»⣬ҵĺ棬һ˿ٵĳ
Ҵ뿪֮ǰǬ˱֮еéɽ˳һΣոձնɱʮĺˣȫ˰ëʬָë˰չͻңЩëʬ϶ܹ֧һҽһǻͻ֮
ëʬһǲͬ죬ԭһϵЩĺˣʱңкü˱˵˵ϣһҧ˲ӣ쳣Ѫȡ
֪ǶֶܹãҶҪ죬ϽһǻͳȥٻԮǡ
Ҳ֪ԣҶͣǽһҺͶʦֳǰ棬һ·նɱȥ
ʦڵĴ֮Ȼ˿ɵ
ʹһ콣ߵǽڰ֮пתͻҲնɱ˲ˡ
˵ҲɱһѪ·һǳ˰ΧȦ
Էʵ̫ˣ໹ǲΧ£ڳȥʱһϺ˱ڵأҵľޣȫչ˵⡣
Ҳ˲ô࣬ȥֽ֮ͭǮ˳ֻ˵ͷһ·ɱͿһʼ·˺ܶ࣬ǲϵǰͻȷԽԽ٣ҲˣմȾ˺ܶѪȣһѪȾˡ
ұֵ̫׺ݣһ·֮Ҳ֪˶ˣ˺漴ǰˣҲǰһסҵȥ·ֻ·һ
˵ǰûˣҲһֱһǰܳأȷǰȫ֮󣬱ɺһкһ˵ҪԮкͰչǲһܹŵסô˵Χ
סңɫСţȥأսǵԼõĵطϣ
ӦһͷɨһۣͻȻ䷢֣ԭһϺЩ¾ȻһûˣҲ֪ʲôʱ˸ģĿǰŵľֻһװ壬ԼװǸŮܰ


1205 һӲ
ʧ̫һЩҲҲЩһ¡
Ҳ̫ˣǼ˸յ˱žͷһ飬ĻᶼûС
һʼ֮ǰȿķ羰ԵɫСԣ˳㿴ŮɶģüһģҪ˶
ҶһһСģŶʦֿ첽ʱ·ȥ
СŸ磬һҪŻ洫һҲûʱӦˡ
ܳһξ֮һ˶ʦֵĺ󱳣ԴٶȸһЩ
ܳȥûãʮ￪ĵطͻȻźŵڰ֮ը죬ƬյһƬͨźŵ϶ĺ˷ŵģȴҲ֪⼸źŵʲô˼ʮֵ޲ɱߡ
ʦһ˻ϵĻڣҰУ濴ȻͣȴܲһɴˣʦֱӻһŻ磬һĳʱ·ȥ
ҸоҴɱΧ˰СʱĹ⾰ȴҲ֪չͻˡ
ôǴģǾ͵ôȫȫӰĸȥıأ
ɱʱһȥٶȴޱȣԼʮңҾͿԶһƬȺҸоɻǣôԽԽأ
ѵĺһ˹Ԯˣ
ʵûʲô
ǲզҲܿѣðչͻ
Ⱥ˻мʮ׵ʱұӶʦöʦֳȺһ˹ȥĿ˼ҵǰǬ˱еͭǮ˳ҧָѪͿĨ˽֮ϡһߣһ߼˱ͭǮͭǮҵͷ֮ϣҲϵĳЩ˿ͭǮͷϷɢÿǰһξ룬ͭǮϾͲϵķѳǽԽԽ࣬ƺƵ·ѳ˲¼ǧͭǮ˾޴ĺ֮
һ·ѳôͭǮʱҸоһգϾộǿ֧ŲС
ܿ죬ʦֱһ෢˹Ⱥʱʮ˱ճ˴򣬲ҽźܶȺʱҵǰ
ʱһ·˱ͭǮǼǧͭǮಡĳȺĴɢȥ
Щ˷ԵʱѾΪʱЩȻµʱҿǰһ˱ͭǮֱ˺ķѣƬ˵Ѫ֮УһȥĺҪһϡ
ҽŲΪ֮һ٣ʱýŲЩƮоһЩߡ
Ǭ˱֮һƿӣó˼ҩ˿УЩҩѦС߸ҵģܹٵĻָֻƾڳ˵ĵһЩ
ҩ˶ӣʱоﴦһƬȣȫëţԵĸо˷ʼٵĻۡ
Ҳҵ飬ջͭǮ˽꣬żٰ˲Ⱥ֮䡣
Ҷһʱɵۡ
֪ʲôʱĺһ֣ҿĺ˹Ԯˡ
ȸղŶһֹ
µǻһʮǿߣǸߣһɫӣϴľȻɮۣõһһСķ飬˿ڸɱһ
ѾɱĺۣŰӣ¶һ˶ļ⣬ߣǽշҲŽ䵶ӦսһͬԸļһҲҡҡ׹ԲС
չǱԺһЩΪҲʹԼɱﵣǾβ˳
ȻֻǾβĲл꣬Ҳ˲ˣӳ˳Ŀ֮⣬ֶθ˵ãϵǰɫ֮䣬һΧĺ˶Ʒ˳ȥĳ֣ʱסЩΧ£ĺආչ˺ۡ
ӣкͰչѾɽˮĵزӣҪȥ
ϺӦþĺﻢõԭǸȥΧǵģǵĺ·ײǸײһǻ˹
꣬¿һӲ̡
ɨһۣ۲һս֣ұٰ˲ֶΣߣһл㾦㳯ĺͻϮ˹ȥ
ǼһĺܣϺǳ۾ٴα˹ȥֱһѳˣ˹
ҽԱһ㽫ǰѳ˳ȥһٰ˲˰չߡ
չңĲһΣͰ˵ϣ³һѪСָ˵ˡ


1206 ǿԮ
Сסܳŵס𣿡һץס˰չĸ첲е
չһվһ۵СŸ磬һ̼ĺˬֻǲ֪ǻûһΣǼӲȥˡ㲻ٻġ
Ҫ˵յǶҪңȻҽǴһǻŴȥңһɱȥģҺеĽ꣬ᶨ˵
ƺҵŸȾ˰չչصĵ˵ͷ˵ţһܻųȥ
ܴ𣿡ʵ
ܣչҧ˵
ǾͺãھһɱȥһеĽ꣬
˵ΪСӳȥ˾Ͳٻôֵ֣˶Ŀ죬ɱôˣǵ
˵գ˫ɣ͵һ¾ͳײ˹
ǰһ˰չǰ棬ֱӽеĽ곯˦˹ȥ⽣콣ߵʽٵת콣Ӱֱסȥ·ɢһٴͭǮһĿѴȥչӲ˶žһͨ͹
ҺͰչԸʱĺСආɱҲͬɢǵ
һӳȥʱ䣬չͻμġ
Լе˳Ȼﵽ˼ޡ
ΣҪ쭣ȴˡ
ôȥ˳Ҫ취ͻΧȥС
ҺͰչһ͹Ҳ൱Ҫǽǣһ־
ֻЩСආʮᷳͲĿһߴһȻȴܹܶȥȴҲĵЩ˵ҲһЩʵ㲻ĸ֡
һ֮󣬱ƵϺˣҶݵĳٴνéɽ˳ҪЩϿ˵ӿСආУҪȻǸŲ
ҿٵָüģȡһξѪָһʱȾéɽ֮ϣпٵоéɽ壬Ǭ跨޼Ⱥʬͦ뷣
éɽâһأԷ˼죬ǽâַһѪ⣬ܹԵĸоܵĞųӿݣ˼Ĳ
ѪߵΪɣþѪΪˣȲǲõģֶҲǵһãҲ죬ʲôûõʱ˿ԥ
éɽ巢ö죬ںɱƬ֮Ҳʮ
֮䣬ΧɱЩĺУһʮʬ嵯𣬵һΣЩʬ֮ǰֲһˣΪİëʬǳ˺ëʬëʬɱЩëʬĺüǵ彫ĸӼӲݺָȻҲӵķӵһǿ
Щëʬɣϵĺëɸȫһͬ׳˶Ĺһ㣬ȴǹܸײУ﷢һ죬΢΢⶯ܵ˻˵Ϣ֮󣬱ѰЩĺ˹ȥ
ղéɽƵЩëʬȻȫˣȴҲ֪Ǳʲô˸ɷڵصģһΣҪɷЩë²ô׵ˡ
Щëʬһ֣ٴЩĺڼĿֻţҷһߺëͽһֱ˺룬Ѫ
ԿһۣЩëʬʮ߾֮࣬һǿԮ
аչľβټʮߺëʬԿסڳˣˣǱ԰ĵĶԸǸ
ٴλζһéɽ壬ߺëʬǣ˹һָߺëʬ㳯ٵ˹ȥһԾ֮£һɶԶ
ߺëʬȥͬʱҲٵȥչһͬս
ܵУͷϻһѸתĽ꣬ʱһ־޴Σ֮С
ٴθʮ֮󣬰չһնֱ֮ϣֱһߺëʬӳ˼ѪܵĿӣѪʱĺȫȾˡ
ƵļˣͻȻһеǬµͷĽ꣬˫ߺëؿڣ˼˫ץסĺ˳˹
ҺͰչһһ˿ڵأȥʱ򣬵ٵ˼־˼ɫķҵȼһƮ𣬼źɫɷڶ۳Σɨһۣ⼸ȫǹòȴҲͨĹ


1207 ˽
ٻЩͬʱղűڵصߺëʬٴδӵϵ𣬳ٴ˹ȥ
Ҹо˼ǣŪǼͻȻ˳һ¾ײߺëʬϡ
ߺëʬȻֱӵת˷˹
ҿķﲻǳĳ󣬸ҲߣɢĲǹϢм޵Ĺ֮źӣʲô
ߵĺëʬҵǲ壬ǺǼﵽʲô
ʱһԵİչͻȻЩ˵СŸ磬ǽڤ˽˳ϸ˵ǵظģһŵʲôǲſæ鷳ˡ
ҵ˵˵СԲŻȡֳ֮֮Ϊ˲䵱еˣʹ˲ƣ˼ҵĲ˵ԼС
Щȷʵ񣬵ȫ
û룬ڱ֮أȻжʹ֮ĸˡ
ΣզأֻҪɥ飬СүһҲɱ񣬷ɱ𣬼ַ˲ɡ
λƺëʬĹﳯ˹Żζ˼éɽ壬ͼ¶ߺëʬȨȻéɽһ죬ߺëʬֻ΢΢һͣͣɳ˹
ҴŰչæ˺ëʬжģӲƴİ취
éɽ壬óһδõķʬߡ
ʬ߿ԿһаֻҪ壬Ҫηʬ֡
ʬһóĩ˵Сٵ˸ӭߺëʬҾͳȥһٰ˲ٵһߺëʬ󣬳ĺȥ
ʬһǺëʬĺ󱳣һɢȳζİǺëʬһһĺХѳһźٵĳǱ߶ȥ
һߺëʬҲ編ƣһʬ߾˹ȥǺëʬһϵ֮һҲһļУ˳
ߺëʬʧȥĲٿأֱʬɵɷ֮׷׺Ȼ˵ϡ
ƤȻϷˣҵɰ࣡ΧסһŭɶĴ
һãȻ֪룬æϾϾ˵λɣСĲ֪ο˼λɷԣ
һͬHҵҲգȴǲģ֪СõĿǺ
һŷʬߵңãȻҡҡͷ
ҺͰչͣƺʮ־ŵķʬߣҲ֪ʬߵΪη壬Ҫ֪ô˵Ҳģ󲿷ַûа취ġ
ʱǸֵõǷʬߣéɽ֮һéӯķϿɱɣ¿һˣҵȥԸǷʬߣҵȻɢ𣿡
Сһ˵ʱʧɫ
Ҳһҵţֻ֪ʬүķȴ֪ⷨԭȻéʦϴéӯķ
ĸ񰡣Цɿˣүôéɽʦķ
һεϸϸǷʬߣĪֲⷨǿԭéɽʦүĶӵʱ򣬽췭ظ˲֪ԩˣȻ˵ⷨéɽʦĶǿ϶ˡ
ССŸ硭õéɽʦģչҲЩ˼ʵ
˭֪أϴģҲ֪Ҹչ͵
ʱ֮һŭ߰λǲùͷǱǷǺò۵񶼻ᱻǶȥöʮٸǻⱾ
˵УͻȻ赸ɫС磬ٵΧתƬ̣ջΡ
˻һ±Ƶɫ˿ңֿ˿ŵķʬߣֵ˵㡭ǵʲôˣôķ
ս֮ò˽ֱӾͱеķʬ߸ˣ⻹⡣
Ҳǽһ鷳ҪȻһ治֪ôԸ
Ȼˣһоͺ˵ˣҳٺһЦ˵֪˭ȥүɣ


1208 ɱ˾
˽ﻹûеϾ˼ҲЩģҪֱӴĻɢɣһûǸӣ˽һ֪ҪԺޣ浽ү˼Ҹˣҿ϶Բ˶ߡ
û뵽ʬһ˽򶼲ҴֱӾܵûӰӡ
ֻһ±Ƶվ
һǭ¿֪еķͬһ㣬Щˡ
éɽʦүķУǻ˵ã
ȻҴ˽Ŀе֪ʬéɽʦүķ֮иүģ֣ⷨ˭
δ֮ʱջ˽꣬һΣͳɱ˹ȥȻ֮ʣǽǬµҶԵС
չʱҲ˾񣬴չеĻ𾫳߶ڣҶ֮
ν·ʤԭҺͰչĵӣһƽ֣Ȩս˫ʤ
֪еķ֮Ѿ˼η
ǽͷܣǽƴɱƾľһƣһûƣҲʧܲԶˡ
ȻҺͰչȫΧ֮£ڽڰˣһؿڣֱˤ˳ȥ
һеĽ㳯ؿѴ˹ȥһһ
ȻûԤϵǣҵͻȻҹһ磬ٶȺܿ죬һεҲ
СŸ硭СİչһڿҪؿڵʱһٰ˲˰˲⡣
ովչҵǰ棬еĻ𾫳һһɢźԲ˹ȥ
顱һ죬չ˴˳ȥҿٵȥһѽס˰չչײϵҲǼҶûɲסţͣ
չɳȥɢźԲֱӳһòײ˹ȥǴȻһ죬ضϣֱ㵹
꣬ÿֲֶΡ
ҺͰչ𾪵зӦһĴоͳ˹еһΣЯ֮һԶҶϴ絶һ㡣
չһԣһл㾦ͼ˳ӭǴжȥ
Ǵû˿ͣ٣еһӣûǵɫĹ֮ϡ
áۡһ죬Ǵеһ٣ɫһ࣬һּΪʵֶΣʲôʽ
ܵɱ˾У˵ͬʱǴһۣеȻЩҡҡ׹ĵŽħƳ߸ŵǽշѾʮֵӽ͸ˡ
иŻսʱȻѵĲУѾ֧š
ˣҪΣԸʵΪǿĻ
ǻһ۵ڵϵʱĿһɣŭɶ
ȺҺͰչն˼ӣֱһŴ߷ɣҲòȥս˴롣
ڵǣ嶼Ǹȶסˡ
ĺȻܴܶ࣬ȴ࣬ʵܴ
˻֮⣬Ǹ
ߣչǾβĲлͷ˳éɽʮʬ˺ëʬټ϶ʦִн֣ʤûʲôۡ
ֻҪǽǰ⻢ſ£նɱⳡսǿ϶ȡʤ
ǹҲû뵽ӲͷȻѿС
ǻƺҲ˴ʱľЩҲϻֱͦͳ˹
ȻǺʾŽɱ˹ȥɱǻͬʱһĻʹһɫʾչһȽɱ˵
˵Ȼһʰ⻢
ҸʶãϵҲʮĬһԷ⣬Ԯֵģƹǻкһչȥ
֮䣬Ҿ͸ǻӲӲƴһǣҵĽеݺײһʱҲ֪һжôǿǽĲ֣һշأжȥһûվȽŸǻٴӭǰֱӴҵѡ
һٰ˲˾ͲӰֱƵ󣬳ĺĴ˹ȥǴĸ֣ƴ֮ʱȻҲǞųȫоΣʱתҺɨ˹


1209 
Կ죬ҸǻսʮغϣԽԽľҵĽÿеײһʱ򣬶þŽֶЩˡ
ǿΪӵĸӲƴ϶ֲʲôˣ϶ʮУұȻ֮¡
żٰ˲ͣı任λǻҵ·ǻУҲǸƢŭ޳Сֵıܣɮٻغϣ
Ҳ֪ôһģûǸ¸ϺӲգֻͶȡɣӱѰͻơ
ڲϱ任λͬʱһεĶ콣ǽߵʽǽ껯콣ӰϺкɨ˹ȥ
ٴͭǮϺӦʱͲĴһֵĽǶϺУȻˣҲκβ·磬ֻٰܿ˲ֶʱѹ
ȻҸϺн˴Լӵʱ򣬲ԶͻȻˡ顱һ죬һͷȥеϽһ´ؿڣվչһ֣еĻ𾫳ϱһųɫĻ棬ֱӽȼˡ
һĲҽУȼܴ
֣ǻһȣеһ³ͷ˹ȥײ˽֮ϣһ֮Ȼƾһǽߵʽ
귢һȻ䳯ҷ˹ȥҾ;ĿһãִϢĸо
˽һܵشҵҲԵЩӦ
һ˳ֽǽ곭
ֱȥҪھĹϵилɳˣֱٴμϽ𲧣ҽеԴ˹ȥ
顱һ죬ԴһѪİ׵ĶУԵڵأڵϵʱųɫĻΪϨȻھƵĶ
ó⻢ĸͦãһڰչͻеУϺе۾˲ͺˣϵѪܸоҪѿһ㡣
Ҫɱǣһȣɽּľ졣
ӲϹŵһקӣֱͳŻкͰչ˹ȥ
ղţҼʶһƵģǶСģŽٴγϺɱȥ
չͻҲԵЩңæһȥлϽٻ˹һɫĹâԼǰ档
Ϻӳȥķڰ֮жȻըѿγһɫĹΣӿȥϽǵâʱ߽⣬˱ɫĹֱӱ˳ȥ˲ݴ֮С
ҴʱȻϺеߣеĽ곯Ҫ˹ȥ
Ϻתһɱڣ۾ҪγѪ
ֱӽϵһ鶼קʮüһͬ˹
꣬˰壡
ŵЩ겻壬æٰ˲ٵĶһһһ˺üϵҵǰ档
ʮͬʱѿһĽɫâ뵿תȦЩëʬĺ˶ʱǵɫĹâѪ⣬շ
Ǽϣһı飬һֱײҵϣҸ˳ȥ
ҹڵأ˺üͣʱúͷһһѪ
Ҫҵˡ
ѾЩĻߣͳĿѴ˹ڵϣֱٰ˲ٵһλŻǱ˹ȥ
һ˲֣˺С
ұкͰչߵʱ˲ŸոǶѪȻǱѵķһ¡
Ϻд󺰴ųٴչһۣһǵѪŭ̵ģϺҾͲŪСŸ磬ϻǸʱ䣬Ҵ
չֶҺͻжۼģһѪʥŮѪѪʥŮɱϺһЩ
õģϣܲɱͿˣӦһֱٴ˽ħƣһɱǻ
˸ոǰչͻȻǻ𾫳ŵһ壬ٵ˼־˫ƳϣӦ죬д鱦𣬰οΣӻǣڤٹǧ˷ų棡


1210 㲻
һ䣬չһĵƺһ㵭ĹΣţܵĞų˼ĲһĪǣ˳ŰչǱ߿ٵĿ£
˵Ƶһ̣˭᲻ôС
ΪӦţȵֶξҪͬȵĴۣչʩչҲƸˣһʩչһ޵ʱ򣬰չ˺ܳһʱָܻһù֮ǸϵˣչγɹģޱûбĻǰչͻһ׸ĵزһС䣬ܹҪ
ԣƲѣصʱ̣չԲҶΪҲ޷֧ôǿֻ屻եɣ
Ҳһ㣬ҵռбҪ࣬ΪǴһϣпܾͻ߻ħӴҲңǱһħͷռԼ壬֮ǰҶ˵зӡüΣһαһأǲˣѦҵλүӲֹѹһΡ
ҼôҲøǣ
ڰչʩչյҺͻֱӭǻ˹ȥ
Ĳ׼⻢óϵԣνǿԴ󷢣Һͻд˿֣ҲЩܲסһ籩һĽŪһ磬ƵҺͻ㣬Ҹǽٰ˲ֶΣһĹΧ
в֪ǲѾȫˣһһеĺ󱳣˿һѪֱ˵˵ϣû˶
ǻһĹȥҪ˻еˣҲһеĽֱֶ˹ȥ
ͬʱһ˫ƣˡ
ǻȻ񣬵սȴӵǿһ˽꣬Ҳ˫ƣӭ˹
˵ƶԺһһըڰ֮Ҹо˴˫֮дһɻһѪҺΪ֮ᣬһ̣ұ㱻˳ȥ˵ϡ
꣬⻢Ʒƺ֮ͬƷҲйŹ֣ħҶԺһƣҲڽҸ˵⻢Ҳ³Ѫ
ǻҲûֵʲôˣ˺üΣղŵķ񾢶ͷʱ侲˲٣̾ᣬǺƷɸɮƴһƣ
һȥ㣬һСү²ˡ
ҷ𣬽ٻУһεͦϡ
óŭһ÷ǿ˫ֱ㳯˹һ˫֮ϾȻнâէ֣Ҽ֮ͻȻһץס˽ĽС
ҳãһֱӳĿ˹
겻ֻܶӲͷƤָԺһơ
һΣϴεĸӸ˱ԲˬΪƲʹˣһɰͨҵ˫ƹҵ֫ٺཻһɲǣҵӾͱ˳ȥǰ֮УһһֱŵѪҲŲסˣһſھ˳
ֵģƺԼˣһת
ҸоЩʱǻȻҵĽǰ߸߾𣬾ͳն
ඣСҪ
ۿҪϵʱһѳɫĳͻȻǰ棬ûжôԵǳƻǰһ̽סȥȴôתͷʱȴչ֪ʲôʱվӵһ࣬ŵǻ𾫳һֱֻһֻŻ𾫳ס˻
ʱİչϵȫһˣɫȻ͸һĪϡ
ȻɹˣѾǸղŵǸչһ塣
ǻ޷䣬˰չɫɭȻʵ㲻ǸղǸһǺˣ
ǺʣϷ֮£ǿϴȥҿ㲻ҵĶ֣ڰչϵǸ˵
ǻ۾´һ۴ʱİչĵ㻣˭أһ˲֪ѣɱĺôˣôưոݣ
ô˵ҪඣϷǹɱ񣡡ڰչϵǸ΢΢ֱһ£еĻ𾫳׼˻
ʹ㲻ɣǻһ֣ʮصУֱӾͳŰչ˹ȥ


1211 
ҷЩ˾Ǽͷײǽͷڰչϵλ⿴ƣͱǻǿ࣬˼˵ɱˣôʶȤ߾ˣǲǲӲͷƤϣǲִ
չŪộһѵǰ費ɣ
չɹҲһ˿ЪϢûĶۡ
Ҳǰ׸ģжȥͺĴ󲿷ֻǾܵһЩ𵴣㲻϶ôصˡ
Һܿ췢𣬳ŻǱȥ֮ǰоѾЩˣֵܹڲſ£ѾǽԼһ·ӵ˼ޡ
иղűǻһӣģûòҹȥ䷭һѾ˹ȥԴţǲͣĻѪһѪߡ
̽һ±Ϣ˻ţֻϢԵЩ΢
æǬ˱֮ѦС߸ҵ˵ĵҩﻹţȽס˵
⼸ŵҩһ£ͲѪˣƬ֮󣬾Ҳƽ
ʱҲ̧ͷǻ͸չλȥǻͣˣɷǺÿǸڰչϵλֶȴʮּ򵥣ֻǲͣŲλżɱһֱҪŵǻϺˡ
ʽƽƽ棬ȴǳ뻯ΪһһʽǴҷ緶мһ־ֻûУһ콣˵Ȼֽ֪ãֽãڰչϵλڽ϶ʮָ
ҿλһͳڵʱ򣬻𾫳ͻȻâһֱնǻϡ
һȻ𾫳мֱնˣǸڰչϵĴżһ棬ֱָŻĿѾ˹ȥǻʧɫæˣһֱƵһô棬ӽʵʵײȥ޿ˡ
ǰϣ˫ֱַŶγصһֵĿŸڰչϵλ
ߣϷ󾯸һΣΪҲɱ㣡ڰչϵλ˵˵
Կĳλǰ϶ǸǫǫӣƺôɱһɱǻȴҪô࣬һˬ
ǻֻ㶵Ŀһû˵ǸڰչϵλüͷһƺЩãó˵ͷ˵ãߣ
λŷָĿڵĽתߡ
ֻǸһǻͻȻɱֱ֣еĶϲŰչԴ˹ȥ
һҪʵˣչԴǵҽﲻɡ
ҸҪѣڰչϵλһлƹһߣ˻ؿڣǻǴһɳȥʮԶڵء
һſǲᣬǻʱ򣬿жʱѪ
²ǱϷɱ㣡ڰչϵλתϹ涯ŭҪɱˡ
ǻ֪ǲǷˣﲻϵѪȴĴЦ੹Цðҵǿɱң
˵УǻͻȻһƨ˵ϣ˫ֺʮָͻȻâʢһֹŹֵеʮӰ٣⣬УһһһһϷأȴʱ·
ǻó꣬ڰչϵλͻȻɫ䣬ЩԾ˵ڡˣ
ҿʲô
ڰչϵλеĻ𾫳һΣգۼĹ㱼˻ߣһͳϴȥ
ǽŻóϻʮ׵ʱͻȻ޷ˡ
ΪǻóͻȻڳһ貵Ľâס˻𾫳
ǽâһССķһһ֣Ȼ˼ֱ֣ӽڰչϵλ˴˳ȥ
һͷء
һû׾ʲô飬ͻȻ䣬ʹǼߣһâͻȻεض𣬶ס˵ȥ·ǰС
ڰչϵλҲ޷ˣɫޱȵĿֻţһͦϣŻȥȴһǰǰٴα˳
ҿǻʱ򣬷ͻȻһһɢŽɫâ״ĶоҲиӵС˻ָ֮ϣǻĿΣƺһֱŷ𾭣ܵĞųҵķصĳײҸоΪӦؿƵ
һʼֻǾֻлһз𾭣űгǧϰλɮͬʱУγһɾ޴֮Ȼ£


1212 ǰ
ڰչϵλղ˵˼֣ץסص㣬һǽһڣҶԷһҲΨһ÷ΪĻҲ˹ȥ
ǸڰչϵĴһٴеģҾֶο϶ʮֲֿŪЩ˵СҪ˴
Ҳ֪ڵֶλһʲôֶҲսǵֻǾܵĿʼϡһޱȵĿֻŸаһʱ׹֪ԼϺδ
һʼֻǻһŷ𾭣Ǻз𾭵ԽԽ죬ֹһоһˣһֱڲϵ֮࣬䣬˷ȫз𾭵ߵ´ɮΧܣڸɮ
з𾭵γһޱӴƣѹվŽ꣬ȻһΪĸо
ڰչϵλһֱŬ黢Ūµ̣ȻŬ˺һֶоǽǻ𾫳ȵĻȥʰǻһж޼¡
оӵĳأҵԴ죬ʹѣоԼ걻˺䣬ͻȻ°Щ̣һȫѪ
ʱ֪оĵѾұӿʼѪˡ
һѹҲҪķ飬ɱ˸ӿֲ
У
ҲܾˣҪǻųȥ
Ҳ֪һ˽ֱ꣬ڵϵĻɱ˹ȥɨǧ㾦ߡһһеĳǻóɱȥһбһңȻǻóϵΧȴһ͵Ľ⣬е涼𲻵һ˿˿Ч
ʱһһţҸоȫķԴ۵Ҫըѿһ㡣
ӱߵǣǸڰչϵĴأ̾ϢһҵλϷѾŬˣýӪһڵӴѹʵûƽ֮ϷҲڴ˾ˡһϷҲȥˡʹ˱
˵ţڰչϵλһ֣ϹŵȫΪӻЩ֮ɫ
˵գչһһ֮ӰչƮ˳ɫһģǽɫâ֮سײ˺üΣһײ˳ȥתۼͲӰ
ǰǰ߰
ʱҲǼһĿͣգۼʲôˡ
ʶ뿪˰չ֮󣬰չʶܿԼ壬ӵϻֻ˲䣬ѪſڵСŸ硭ô찡㻹ûİ취
˵ŻչҲѪ
ô죬Ҳ֪ô죿
ǿķԺسײ۵Ըӣһ걻˺ʹͨ˸ʹ
ֹƬ̣ҲǱоǰҲһƬѪ죬ȵѪ˳۽ǻ䵽ߡ
Ҫ
Ҳģ
һʲô취Լ
ǿħܲɱ˻ڵ
ǣһãҹƿ϶Ҫ߻ħˡ
ûʲôķأ
˲䣬˼תͻȻͷ
˺ϴ辭
үµֶΣǿһľʯԻΪá
˺ϴ辭һܹƽ˻ڡ
˺ϴ辭Ȼ֪βİ취ֻһ·ɲʲô򣬵һֿɵİ취Ǿǽ˺ϴ辭ʩķܹܿĴ߶˺ϴ辭ַкܴı׶ˣһ޷˺ϴ辭յԼΪֻʱļĴڵ֮Уһ޷ܹԱ
ȥܲôˣ˵ԵĻٹһӣ˶ҪѪˡ
ҿһ۰չ˵չ㽫дһԣԽԶԽã
չһ㶣նѾĹȣ͸ˣҧΡΡվǰѾ޹Ļ𾫳
СŸ硭ҪʲôչеľЩĵʵ
ˡϽϻߡѾʼӴһķͣĳײңÿЩΪͨˣֻ֮УưӲͻ
չ˵仰ָüĴֱȡξѪ


1213 һ
ξѪһȡҶʱٴαͿյĸо
ӭޱǿѹҴ߶˺ϴ辭
βɹĻΨ·һҲûз̵Ļᣬޱȵء
ҲǵһζǿҲʵûʲô
ٵо䣬Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭ſ˫֣崦һȫſյ״̬
ԭѾѹĿռ䣬͞ų˺ϴ辭һɲǼ䣬ͻȻٴηݣһָΪǿʼռλ
ֻǶݵôһ˲ܹԵĸоǧǧë׶ſʼһɹɵ˿˿Ϣͨǧëףҵ֮УȻͨ澭ڵ֮С
۾ΧЩɫĹâϿʼ˸µĻĲݿʼΪģӣһһıĿݻƣϵĴССʯҲأԹѣȻһĪǿǣĳŰ֮зȥ
Щʯͷ̺Ҳ˺ϴ辭ɣҵڡ
ѪҺһ̿ʼڣΪ֮ݡ
һֱҶеЩĵԶȥҿʼԼӪһ֮С
ˣ紵ĻĲڵЩƯڰ֮еĴССʯͷ׷ױѿӷۡ
Ҹоҵĵ֮еڿٵĻۣĸоҲܲˡ
Ȼ󣬻ǽ۵ĽɫϿʼ˸һҡҡ׹֮С
Щ޷ƿԽԽԽԽʼҵۣԴԴϵĶ
ҳɨһۣ˰չѾȥĻһһĳǽɫϵıԵŲŲ̵ʹ˳һǱŲȥһתͷþֵĿڿңȥЩη͵ǣ޷ϵĻĲΪʲôɿݱƣʯͷΪʲôշ𣬷׷ױѣһһĪǿǣ߶
ѾŬĲҪﵽչͻеϣûȥٿ
ƺߴˡ죬ǻý۵ĽɫȻ߽⣬չĴһŻпʼͣǰŲȡԽԶԽã϶Ǹܵϴݹ޶˿ֲ
ǽɫâ֮һֱڵϵĻȻ۾һ˫˼Ŀ⿴ңҲͣ
ôܡ㡭ʲôֶΣǻһ
Ҳûո˿Ҳ˵ʱΪŬĿŲӿһ־һ֣ճǻץ˹ȥ
ǻ֮࣬æٴα۾пٵžģ߶ָ⸡ǿŽһǿâٴδʢʼ˺ϴ辭⡣
ѪҺڣҵԴҲ죬оĵҲˣϿʼ΢΢һЩʹУǵ֮ʼʹ
ҷ֣˺ϴ辭źڲո֮ҲԽԽǿǽɢҲҵһȥ
һֱžĵĻϿʼð΢΢ǽɢޱ貵ĹâȴƺûκãɢҲڲϵıҵɡ
ģֿǻ徹Ȼ뿪˵棬һһƮ˰֮УǸȴƣסɪɪٴ۾ܡⲻܡ
˿̵ĻѾңֹͣ䣬Ҳֹͣ˼߶ǽĹâ˵֮ϣɢһ㵭Ľâ
־ˣ˫ֺ˫źҵĻ裬ҪԶһЩԶһЩԽԽһʼԶھֻף֮ľ뻹ڲϵ
˺ϴ辭ڷǿԲʮ֮ڵĻĲȫĿݻƣһôҶҲ׷׵һء
գǻǹĪֱӸ˹ȥһ֣Ƹϡ
ҵƴԴʱ򣬵ʱʼתһɹӴʼԴԴϵͨҵƿʼҵĵлۡ
һ𣬶ʱ˸ѹһ㣬һҲܶˣֻı쳣֣ܵڱƽ
ҷǻʼٵĲ׵ĺѩףϵƤɰͰ͵ģһ죬ݶʼĵ


1214 ҵѪ
ѸٵĲȥϵˮֱɣһԭʮֽ˶ˣܿݵƤͷ
˵ʵ⻢óϲģԼͣΪѾûз֮ˣģǱ˻ܡ
óϿǲһһϣƺҪ˵Щʲôһֶ˵ڣ۾ҲĻǲ塣
һΪ˺ϴ辭ˣܿҵĵһּȱǵʹҪըѿһ㡣
ͣҲ֪ôͣĿǻóʱ򻹵һ˫ĿĴۡ
Ȼ⻹ԶԶûнóϵʬҵһֱܿһ߸ʬҵĵѾ͵ʮܣĺҪըˣСӶһ飬ǻ߰˸µŮһ㣬ǸʬҲѿһŷɻңһʱɢ˴ûгֹһ㡣
ˣѺϴ辭ûҪͣ˼һпɵĶһ֣Զһĺٴαҵָ˹ֻ˵Ϊóȣ̫࣬˺ϴ辭һʱͻ˸ʬʬҲ˷ɻҡ
ʹ̲סһХɽҰĞųݣа˷ٵĳ߻ۡ
СŸ硭ôˡչѾŻжʮԶһֻקס˻УһֻһôȴֵϵǣӶƮֵĴš
ҸоԼϵѪҺѾ˼޵ʱһɫӰͻȻƮɶһץסҵĸ첲
ҶһȻǰչųǾβ
һأ˪һңҲͬһ㣬ϵٵı˺ϴ辭ɣβһҳϵ飬ͻȻӶסңĺܽҲסҵ
ҸоʮЩ΢΢ȻҾͿſ죬¶һŷݣûκη֮£һھҧסҵĲӡ
˹ˡǾβȻҵѪ
û뵽ǣβôһҧңĞųٴη˱仯Ъֹ˺ϴ辭ȻٵֹֿͣҪըĸоҲܿʧˡ
ʱǾβһƿңƮ˳ȥ
һžϣǴһ˿Ѫ쳣ֲһǵѪ˵ҲҪˣΪͲҪ
˵գǾβתŰչǱƮɶȥЩĺСආһͱȫˣһôߵķʽһȫЩηĿң֪ôǸתߡ
һأԾЩδղźգǾβֹңҾ͸Աˡ
ҿһԼĶӣ¡ϸߣû֮ǰǰˣӦǾβղҼѪԵʣȵȡһ֡
ˣҲǾõ͵ЩɨһܻڻƵЩĺˣʱһ
һεıҼ˳ҽ߸߾ʩչ콣ǰˮʽ
Ҳ֪ǲΪ̫ԵʣһаˮʹԼһ˷ʮطͻȻѿһӣмʮ˱ըķ죬˲֫ϱۣһء
һһʹ֮ҺὣɨһΧЩĺˣ˵úͱõ˭ٸҴһ³
ԷȥΪǿȫҵˣҲͷģʱ˵ͷܣֻҪһܵģ˾ͶӵĹ⾰ܱûһˡ
ղʹаˮһʱõûôˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
һܴƺԽԽˣ֮ǰܵİҲоֺ
ǾõĹģʹܿ죬ұ㼸˻кͰչߣǱ߾βѾʼŻкͰչϵ˿ڡ
СŸ硭㡭ղõʲôʽΪǶᱻǻóϸɱأλ̺ȲǱɱˡչЩ˵
ϴ£һֱãⲻǱƵû취ˣҲóһԣû뻹ǽǻɱˣղҪ֣ҧһڣҹҪըѳһˡ˵ţұ㿴ǾβǾβûһ㣬ֻæĻơ


1215 
һ߲ʤвһ͹ҵչҲûκսҲðżķգԱ
һг䶨ҿصʬ壬еڵϲʹధˣаζӳ¡
򵥵ʰһ£뿪ǻϵʱͻȻ䲻Զִһ죬ǽŲ١
һе˶һĺлԮɡ
һһЩ˿϶ǳŲסˡ
վæ˵ãǵøϽߣˡ
˵ţҴһڣԱ߾Ķʦֶʱ˹һﻹûСȥʮӴ󣬻ڣܵߣ˼Ƕ
һ±˶ʦֵϣչҲ޷߶ˣзһ
ҪŶʦָϽߵʱǾβͻȻŻɻҵĻǱ߿һۣȻԵƬ̣иҪߡ
˵ţβһΣ㵽Ǳߣӵϼһ߹һҷŵǻ֮ǰõĽ΢΢ɢһ͵Ľ⡣
ŶʲôҺ
ãġǾβ͵
˵ţǽŲһЩ̧ͷȥ׿ͻȻһˣԼʮЩ˴ĶװͷƤЬһŷǹ
ԶԶĿ֮󣬱˴еڵϡ
ҿһۣĺˣװĻ˵˿ܻʰо֣Щ˵Ĵ磬ؾǹˡ
ɱڴ½صһǲܵģǱʲôȴ֪
ֻЩ˿϶ǵѣǵУ϶̲ʲôùӳԣҲֻʮΪϲߡ
û˿ԥٵ˼շ䣬ϵ˵ǰ
߸һԷͿǹˣ顱첻ڶȫ֮ϡ
һ¶ʦֵƨɣϽߣ
ʦֻͷһۣ˵Ӿܣҿһ۾βӣһǱȽεģϾǰչˡ
㡭ǾͿչˣĵЩһߣҺܿ׷ǡ
Ǿβһ۹ˣ΢΢˵ͷƮ·֮׷Ŷʦȥˡ
Щһ߿ǹһ߿ٵĳ߿
ʱҵеЩͣûеطйЩҲʱǾ͸ˣˣ
˽꣬éɽٴ˳ٵ˼־ζһéɽ壬Χǲȱʬģĺ˵Ҳɱ˶ˡ
éɽһ죬ΧĞųٴξҵĲƬ֮󣬴ܵЩʬ嵱Уܿ߰˾ʬ嵯𣬳ףһȫ˺ɫë
ëʬ
ҿûжþѪЩʬֱӾͱ˺ëʬ
֪ΪͻȻ䳤˻ǵе̫Եʣ֮һʬǺëʬ
ֻһЩʮߣξֻ߰˾ߡ
ҲѾ㹻ˣ֮ǰЩëʬûе£һս֮󣬻ʣߣһĻҲܹǿֵһ
ʮߺëʬһһͬЩ˹ȥ
ЩԶûпֻǲϵĳЩëʬϷǹӵںëʬأһöûС
ȹЩһȥǺëʬ֮󣬶ʱʧ˴һעˡǰǺëʬһս׼
֮䣬Щ˱˷ŷģ㳯Щëʬ˹ȥܿһţԶУй˴˶ԸëʬС
ǶԸëʬĿ϶תܣһʱ϶׷ˡ
ЩˣҲûжʲôɱϾǸصһĴڣҰģҿɲĺȥˡ
һͽͱһ
һʮٰ˲ʹԶ˹˵ߣŶʦܵķһ·׷˹ȥ
ı£ŵеɣһҲƣԼ׷ȥʮӵʱҾͿ˶ʦֵӰŰչǣ챼ȥ
żٰ˲׷˶ʦ֣ȴǾβҲûţٶȸ죬һֱǰ·
һ仰û˵ֻ˵ͷܣϽ뿪Ƿ֮ء


1216 ط
ʦܵķɿ죬Ǿβ˵
ҵеһ崦й˸·ϡ
һҹĴսǱȥԼһСʱ֮ѾԼҲ֪ܵʲôط
ڵĺĺգǲҵ飬·ϸûͣЪһ
ǰ˴ԼСʱ֮ǾƬмһȻԱߡ
Ǿܹ϶һ飬֮ǰҲ˵ˣƬӵм䣬һ˺˵Ѿһ·̡
֮ǰɻһߵʱ򣬸Ǹϵһˮ飬һǲˮǸԱв㣬취ǡ
˺֮ұöʦֺǾβͣ˵һ±ˮ顣
Ǿβһ£ͷĴңûʲôߡ
ĽһñˮŽ˺ĻΧ϶˵ĽӡӣһҲ뵽ɽ
źһξ룬һ·ٵߵһƬֵʱͻȻ˺һ
һжʱһϲϸ磬ңϽɡ
ҵĻӦ˳ҳһɻأôԼ
̾Ϣһ˵ԴǷֿ֮ҲĺＸʮֵ׷һЩΪ˻ס׷׶սˣϸҲĺЩ˵ҵ֮£ҴǺòײĺЩ˵׷٣˶˱ˮںĴء
˭ţҹе
һװͻŮܰһͻʣˣǱˮֻܴˣұ㸺Χ䣬˳ǻ
һ£ֵôĺĴΧӳģ
ˣǸ缸һЩĺУһȥ֮дֻԮһΪֱܹѹǵĴд˹ģͻǸɱˣЩҲȫˡҼ򵥵Ľ͵
ôһ˵һ£ôܣ˵ǻΪҲ֮ϣǻôˣôɱĺλģ
ˣ¶˵Ƕ뵽ȫش֮ģܲõϢ˳ˣڹأǸϽӳȥץס׼ûáҼ
ɵ˵ͷȻǲҵ飬ߵ˺ߣ˵ϵʯͷźĴһŹȥʯͷһˮǱˮ㸡ˮ棬߿ٵƮ˹
ں߻ϣٴμһֻĸо
һҹǾʲôԴ˷ɻһڣһֱǱ˸׷Ŵ򣬵ÿЩ£ҪȻ粻֪ˡ
һ֮һѪңĲ߹Ǹһӵ˵СŸ硭ܹ̫ˣлл㣬Ҫæҿ϶ͱĺ˸ɱˡ
ˣһˣǲ˵һԺѣҲôҵģǸϽ߰ɣҲˣǻûŵĵطϽȥǵúúõһ£ϻͰչˣϻƺءȻ
һ˵ǣһһſڶʦֺϵİչͻˣһֱԲѣչҲ˯˹ȥһľβվڰչߣԸЩ̫Ⱥ
СŸ硭ô˵ģһʵ
ˣúͱõϸģ϶ѾҵˣǸϽߣ𵢸ˡٴδߴٵ
ǺãǸϽߣźһֱߣߵͷһӣˮҲܼҵһŵ㣬ʮΣʹǹȥװСĵ˵
Ȼĺ˱ǴˣȺǵУҾĺ˿϶ưոݣ˵ټ֣һΧ
ӿµǣڱ˶˽һͬѹܹܵˡ
ĿǰҪһȫڣǼЪЪţ˵ˣԺ˵ÿ϶дսһĸ׻ûоȳˣ֮ء
֮˼򵥵Ĺͨһ·ߣҴ뿪кһΣǰͷʼոǱһصķΧ֮òԶܻǻȥԮȽϿһЩ


1217 ;ĩ·
û뵽ǣһȥԮкͰչʱ򣬾Ȼĺ˹׷ǣԭһмµģȫĺ˸ɱˣ壬һرºʵˣҸܹû˵仰û뵽Ҳĺ˸ɱˡ
۸۸ѼˣĺΪ˵õܼҵĲƲʲô鶼ĳүӣҪɱһ˵ʵڻǽĺ˶Ϊ۸˵ġ
⻰˵еˣڴȫƣ·ϱһ߳Ƭӡ
һֱǰ̽·һ˺üСʱûзʲô쳣һ·Ҳȣһǲĺ˱Ǹˣ鷳
ҲǣĺһÿڣһϵĹǾɱ
ĺڱǵһɣԭһصһ
ЩһصĴϻһȼҸоһصĳȣʵǲ˺ܶࡣ
ûĴأֺҲҲֻǻĵһʡݶѣȥ
ֶǲ˵㣬ǻı¿ǲСڵֶΣ̫ˣ붼Щ
Ǵ糿һֱߵʱ֣װŸѾӽӱԵˣ߲һСʱǾ뿪Ǹˮĵط
ǵٶȶһҲװߣߣһҲ㲻ʲô
ԽҪȥˣԽǲܵģôһ˳ȥ̫ۣױ¶Ŀꡣ
Ǻұͣڴ˴ЪϢҵˮıԵתһȦûйĺڣﲻǣ˵ãء
òӳСϷ˴
ҵõ˴ҵһͨⶣɺ;βһҪôңһҲͷʾӦʡ
ߵʱһʦָһ֣ǾͶһְȫ
ʣµһСʱ·̣ٶȱĸˣɵǻóϵ̫࣬Ҳò꣬Լ޷գֻܲϵĿġ
һ·Ҽһһõٰ˲һõĹСʱұƬӣӵ棬ڳȥ֮ǰһǬ˱óһϴ·ϣϾ֮ǰ·ǰ߰Ѫһȥƾͱ˸ϳˡ
ҳûãͿվӲԶվżˣĵطҲվš
Щ˴װһī룬϶ǹˡ
ЩҲ֪ǸԵģĺ˽ôǲܣ鶼Ѿˣǵǳͦ죬žǵŶǵģⲻòҶ룬ĺ˻˵Ĺϵ
ĺˣù˳档
һȦ֮ʽȻҴ뿪۷˻ȥ
ҵʱ򣬷ִһﶼڣһȲ浽ʲô
˵йر֮˵ɫʱЩ;ĩ·ˡ
ܸܲ˻ڣֱǶǸȥɣ
һĪչʱҸ˳˸⣬һôҸһͬӱԵߣ滹صʱҴŶʦֳȥЩ˵עȻ󵱹˶׷ҵʱ˸Ͻ뿪ˮҸطȲ֮󣬴һ绰ϵҸϽȥǡ
˵֮˶ЩĬˣһﶼ±ȽΣգҲǳصģƣһ˴ס鷳ˡ
Ҳ˿ǵʱ䣬ֻ˵Ŀǰõİ취ǿ϶Ҫȥġ
ֲִңҲֻͬҴǰһξ룬һܹ˶档
ȻҸ˵һֻСʱУһὫȫߣСʱֱ֮ӽˮ
Ըֱ֮ӽ˶ʦ֣ϣֱӳȥ
˵ʦ־ʮģĸߴ䲻˵ϻǻڣȿżǧܳĿ
Ŷʦֳӵʱ̾Щע⡣
һ⳯ǿһЩʹͣŵļһˣֱӳ׷˹˶˵ͳҿǹ
һ¶ʦֵƨɣʦ˻һҳ˽ȥЩ˸Ͻں׷һ¾͸˺üʮˣȫˡ
Щˣһ·ͣͣõһҪȻǻ׷ϡ


1218 ܼӻ
ʦֵٶȺܿ죬Щƾ׷϶׷ϵġ
ľǣ֮Ҳǲֵģ˵ΪߣȻسɴüζܵҵǰ棬ʦתŲٶȺܿ죬ÿǵʱһת䣬һȥسɴǼΪģҲȥ˺ôһϾ룬ҲŽǸˣȥ
û׷ˣҲöʦַٶȣӱԵȥ
쵽ʱֻһ·ϵƤ߸ָ˱Ŀ
öʦС壬װǬ˱֮Уֵ߳ӡ
ǹ˽һƬܶΧȥҳûãܿЩװˣϻһſڻλƵľ˳ǸоձҵĴѧεһ㡣
ģһϵϢŸͨûʲôЩ˲ûнҷֻɨһ֮ұ֮˿ȥ
֮ҷطԶһӣƵ˹ȥĿĵ˴ӵĽֵϡ
˵Ǯﵽǰ·ӽҲʮɫܶ˶ſЩݲݣһرȤ
Ǹ߸ڴ壬Ǵ··һ¸ʲôģ·ûˡ
ò˰ΧȦʱڱĵתת顣
ֻȦϵĵ绰û˵ӦӵˮǣôûиҴ绰أ
Ѳֻˣ
һ룬ұ㽫ֻ˳ֺö˶˵ģֻҲţ⿨ȫͨ
ͻȻ䣬ðһܲõ뷨ѵЩ˲ûһ׷һˮΧһȥͱЩ˸ץסˣ
ִ꣬ˡ
￪ʼ㷲ĵĲУطزģȥǰȶ֪ôˡ
תһ룬ڹУܱĺǿô˵ҲǱţеߵģžͽ˸ɱˡ
ߣһǼڱҲЩλģڹеĹϵӦҲһЩ
Һ˼룬װ绰ȥʱ򣬵绰ͻȻװġ
һæͨ˵绰Ȳʵ壬أȫûУ
װ˵أڰȫ𣿡
Ǻܾģ֮ʣ˹Ӧһ˵ģҰȫĺܣѾƬ˳Ŀǰڱߵһ˵ҳŴӵܿһۣидŶ壬һµַ
˵֮װŵЩߺǵʱҲ˳ɲģǾβһ飬ˮҲйˣɽЩģڶûлҲǸոյˮŵ㣬ǸطˮǺԶҲͶʮľ룬Ͻ취غϰɡ
ɵĹӶ࣬ߣһǱȽϷĵģ϶ܹȫˡ
Ӧһһ£ˮʲôλûϡ
װˮһܼӻ̣ǵŵ㣬ֱҵͺá
طȫ𣿿ɱٳˡЩĵ˵
ܰȫӻһ忪ģԼˣ϶ûʲôġװܿ϶ش
˵Ҳŷڴ˸ˣһˮľλãһ·žͳˮȥ
û취ϵǴźܶǮȫңڱ飬ҲͨãУɶʱֱͳһˣҲͲ鷳
һ·УԼһСʱ֮ұˮˮת˰Ȧ˴һ£ҵװ˵Ǹܼӻ̡
Ӿˮһ۵ĵط˰ҵֱӴֵ˽ȥ
ȥһһſڵĹ̨ϣһȣһֱ˴ȸݵĸһƵ˫̵˹̨ϣأء
һʱ䣬һߴ˵طȥһƣòƲûдܼӻ̡
˵װȻ˵ǰλһ壬զͲأܼôǮôҲҪմⲻǣ䵽㾳أƧĿһӻ̡
òҲûɶ⣬ģ
˽ȥɿһ˴һ飬˹۾ʵʲôԼȥҾˣ︶ǮС
Ҳˡɫ


1219 ܼС
һڣ۾һۣŵֻˣȥȥ˯
˵ţ˱תͷȥҡ
ͦ˼ǲңǽҵĺǹˡ
߽С˵壬Ǿʹ촰˵һģǴ绰ǾϽҹȥǡ
˵ŷ˷ڹ̨ϵȣۣһ֮󣬲ž˵ʲô֣
һص
㣡ɫһվߵſڣֱӽŸˣæкҵҵĺСӺţȰҶͦ˵ˣżѴӴ½һϾ͸ĺˣĹתҵĴˣ֮ǰҾҼү˵Ǵ½ܼҵһǹѣһСһ仰ͽкˡ
λԽ˵ԽҾֱźԺȥԺһͣߵһذשǣֱһؽڡ
طһǼŵһȾͺ˺ܶ࣬ⲻܼҵŵ㣬ңʱġ
˳һӿ첽ȥһ棬Ϳһװǡ
кͰչѾ˴ϣ˵ڶû
ٴط꣬жǼѣװҺǺһл
һȻû˵ɶ۵ĸм֮ɫԱ
Ҿһ֮װ˵ǵʱǰҵļƻеģʮСģһۣǾβȥתһȦ淢˹ˣɾͽˣǷֿһСʱˣʲôҲ֪
ҶʮַģڱǱߵȫһһЩǵģװ֪֪طһԼܲҹ
װ˵ͷ˵ڷֿʱ򣬸ϵ˵ˣܹҹ
һ˵ұ
˫˿ʼһ򵥵ĽܣһǽһңӰ˰֣˵ˣˣղѾĹˣǷıǣ㹻İȫֻҪһڣ˭ҲҲط
˵ţֿңЦе˵ãҽȻһС壬ôƺҶɣ⣬СΪдһ£
üһͷ˼ģҴܡ
ǿӦһ壬˵ԺлᣬһͽС
˵ʵûһС廹Ǹߣصͦãһû
Ȼ֮󣬽ֵˣţһȥһ˵Ǹҹûǲеġ
˵ţǰ˰ֱ֣ȥ
֮½ʯ˶ڡ
ͻȻһɻתһһ֣СӦúɣΪɶæأ
һʣһɫЩ̫ÿҲ֪ǲԼ˵ˣľЩΡ
ʱװһңҴһԣС˵һλСܼЩңСһĸͬĸֵܣһүүҵŮµĺˣǵʱ̫ү飬ԣܼҵС岢ûнܼҵţܼѣܹǾѾˡ
лôһʣһүүʱҲǸ֡
ܼҵ̫үһС壬Ҳ̫һЩզ˵ҲӲǡ
ɻ󲻶ʱװֵʵ̫үҲԵɵģֻΪһСĸƤģŪĺΣ̫ү֮һүүҲҹҪҲʱһСѾˣʮйմܼҵıˣʲôûҪҲܼҵţԼһ˹УҲûȢס¶һѾ
ȥǮ˵޷⣬һλС嵹һˣܼǮƵʱһҲ̰ͼܼѣͦ塣
һ£ұʵλСΪΣ
װһλСܼҿ˵ΪõһʲôûҪҪܼҵĴУУΪߣһĸҲһ룬ʱ֪ܼҳ飬ѰʱҲôʡ


1220 
ȥһλС廹һλеĸˣզһûأ
ܼҵЩҲʣҲûʲôȤǽҵһλС壬Ǿ˼ˣλڣԵԼˣǾȻһĸ׵Ļ͸һЩ
һһС֮ڴϵĻкͰչ
չһЩĹȣ屻ѹե϶Ҫһӡ
ڻоͱһЩˣ˶أѦС߲ڣҲҽԶһҲǸӣҲ֪ʲôʱܹ
ߵ߲鿴һǬ˱ѦС߸ҵҩЩҩ˺˵ģѦС߸˵ҩʺϴ󲿷ƣǳԴҲԲˣҵҲʮַģмСƿǵŵģΪҩΪѦλүõҩ裬ѦСƽʱԼãȫҡ
Ҳûɶÿϧģȫ˳ֱкͰչԳ˼š
ҩ˵ģչĵӦúܿľָָܻܹãҲ̫
ڻоͲ̫˵ˣȽر𣬲ƿƿ϶𵽺ܴá
ҿŻиеǵʱһֱĬǾβߵҵߣͻȻһֻ۵ŵıǴǻĽ
Ǿβ˼־ǽһ㣬ǽͻȻƮɵ˻еͷ֮ϣнɫĹ⻪ų
ܹԵĸоΧĞųӿǽƺԴԴϵʼӿ뻨е֮С
һĻ˵Ŀȫ˻ͷƮŵǿŽ֮ϡ
ҿ棬㣬ʲô
Ǿβתͷһۣ˵תĸɮջ֮֮ΪǸɮϵΪǷˣܹ۵սڣգбɻָΪиĳʸһЩĻӵǰһּ䣬ӶΪķ𷨣ҽⶫΪ
ȻȻʱβľٶǽʱ˵ⶫдãܹԣΪ˾Ȼвȡġ
ӱ䣬ʵҲǸĳ
ҶԴ˻ЩǣȻõıΪʲôǻڣӲΪ
βһۣ˵Ҳ˭ھܹģƣҪУãԶһЩߣһƣת޵ĺвУҹ࣬ȻҲת֮ˣֻܸˡ
ȥʲôоȻת޵ĸˣϱӾ˭أ
ûл
˵ҴΪԾһʼҾ;ûϲţӦûкܶҲ֪顣
Ƭ̣ʵС֪֪ת޵ģ
βҡҡͷ˵Ŀǰ˵Ӧû֪ķԻҲȵʱ䵽ˣ򣬼һһһΪһʵķԽת鲢ʲô˶ģתһֻأһУЩԲһӶܼǲǰ˭һжûж
β˵ЩҲЩƶǶ˼ܹ׵ġ
ǻлûмһĸĺУֻͨϵУŻмĻᣬһֻء
һǲӾǰæˡ
˵Ҳǹߵġ
ǽͣڻеƣһʼâ貣âͽĵǽҲԽԽС̺ٵıա
СӸû϶׬ˣһ룬֮˵ţˡ
˶עʱͻȻͷϴһ죬ʯ屻Ų
⶯һ羪֮Щ˵ȫ
һһ޶ûͣرúõһֳʲô۶ӳ˭ܲˡ
ʯ屻ȫ򿪣ұ㿴һԵװСʵ壬ؽûĳڣһԣǺÿﰡ
Ҳ̫طҲͷһӦûĳڰɡװЩŵ˵
˵ţʯ屻ˣһ͸


1221 һļƻ
˽꣬һٰ˲ʯ棬׼һԣͶ֡
εͻң˶Щ֮ˡ
ȻƬ֮һϤӰǲ֮ǰȥȻһС塣
ţҾͽȻ΢΢һЦ˵õģڣʲôҪҲõı¡
˵УǶԼΪʮš
ҿ˾һޱ߷İͷݾݵģ°мСӣƤڣһũкһ㣬ǾϸߣôҲʲôˡ
ûãһγ棬һˣжʱϲɣ˹
æ߹ȥһѣֱʱǺһЦǽٺȻѵһЦʱ˾泩
һﶼڰɣ֮ɨһۣ΢Цŵ
˶æɴк
ɿŵİչͻ֮ɫٴαȻ첽˹ȥһһǰһʱ¶˾֮ɫ
סһƻָͦ찡Ҿͳȥôһ˶õ߰˰ˣôһ¶
һҲŷڻͷϵǿȻˣиա
ұɽһ£ɶʱȻ˵ԭôһ¶еʱҲ򵥣ԻһԣСЩ⣬ԭǸɮת
һһﶼûͣһֱæһ㰲ȫĵطţֻˣһĿڵʯͷҲ˵ء
ţҾɸղνЩĸָ˦ġ
һ˵¶ɵǾ͵һ˿Ц⣬˵Щĸ֮ȷʵЩͦģҲǽ˴Ƭһһʯͷһ򵥵ķ󣬽Ⱥ׷˸ȥҲӵһ͵˼ɹ·һͷƤ߸ժֱӴֵ߻ˮ
ɸܵķ²࣬һЩ˼ҾͨĲãһǱȲ˵ġ
һܹȫľۼһıʲôǿ
Ҳ˲صĴۣһʮȫˣҲ;бɱкͰչҲû
Ҫҵʱ˺ϴ辭ҿ϶Ҳ޷ų
߽ڲв顣
Ǿ͸úúôһνˡ
ȣһĸǿ϶Ҫȳӹɵġ
ʱǽ׽ʱ򣬴бʳһЩ飬ǾһĸܳпĺǱѺţڵĵطһͷ
˱ʣһɱĺĺǱ߿϶˾˵ֱӽܳǸתˣɱҲδ֪Щ鷳ˡ
ĺһ׼Ȼϼӷǣұضǵټ
Ҫǹȥĺ鷳Ǿ͵ͶǱ߿ܾ͵ǹȥء
һʱ䣬һһãȻľأ֪ôˡ
˵һʱ䣬ǾͲҪˣ˵ˣȴһ嶼õĲˣ취
ʱ䣬ܻа취ıġ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻչͻԱǵȷ޷ʵʩһж
ʱҵĿ־۽һСȻϣȻװ˵ȻǸʮĸ֣ܰȡ˵϶°빦
¶ҲʺңҸ˼ֲ죬¶Ҳֲ졣
һȻһһһɫһֱ粻Ҳ֪ʲô
͵˶˶ݵĳĬ֮󣬵һͻȻǰһ¹ȻǰֵС塭˼ҳ֣ȾҸװɣֶͷˡ
˵ţһĿʼȻͷ
Ȼɫһ࣬æǰһ̾ϢһһСһֱˮ򣬲ôţҲЩªţ֪ܼҷô飬ô˵Ҳһˣ鼴㲻ңС϶ҲҪȵġ
һʱۺ˵С塭ֶôܹû棬һֱԶĺܣѲŹֶɣ
ȻѵһЦ˵ǶǹȥˣǲңҲҲûȥҹһ徻ˣϰһ˴š


1222 ׼ж
ֶ˾ǰӣĪο
û뵽ȻȻ붼ûʹӦ
˵ȻĴȷʵЩΣղװôһ˵;ñŤһүүѰһû񣬾͸һƤһӣȻ
һ̫үǸϽսĴ󽫾սպգҫȻݲȻݽǼУߣʱҲ޷ȷȻȷʵһүүĶӣô
ȻʱûܼܽңʹһЩ̫үһȥһүүȥƫֲȥܼҵĴУʤ
Ĳ˵ȻأҲǹģˣܼҳôӣ϶˻أﻹȥæ
ߣһĸ׸֮䲢ûʲô̫׵ĹϵСûôദֲһģΪͿĺпСô˾ò㡣
˲ΪΪֻΪܼѱͦƷȷʵõĿԡ
ȷ֮˽ǿʼϢݷˮ֮С
ȻȻ⼸Ĺ۲ĺ˻ǹˣ⼸춼ûͣװ֮󣬾ˮĴתƣÿܿİڴΧ߶Щ˽̵ûʲôİ˵ĳû
Ȼ˼͸Щ˿Ц˵еУǱˣǣϹתƸɶεֱΣŪЩֱۡ
Щ죬ǾǱؽ֮У˭ûгȥ
ؽҲϿȻªһЩ䡢ϴĵطҲУӻһ䣬װŮܰסĵطǾβûɶ¶ˣֱӾ˰չϵǸֽ֮дš
βʡ¶óҲúȣһֽƬļҡ
ڶ죬չѾ˹֮ͷźܺãµ߶Ҳһ㣬ҸõĵҩȷʵܹãչΪָĲ࣬˵Ҫȫָʢ״̬Ҫһܵʱ䡣
ԣҲżָͺá
ŰչǻУСǵڶģǴǣС֮ɶ¶ûУģϵҲȫϣһĵں˺ۣȫ鹦ǽĹ͡
ȤǣлЩƵ˵˵һܳΣεһϺ߶߶˵ûûˣ˵ɶҲǵˣڴʲôѹ֮żǵһ֧ĻԺ֡
ǾøΪǣ˵ε˼ʮԼӶˣɽ±ϣһߺȾһС
꣬СǸ⣬һôϵźȾأ
һ˵ɫ΢΢һ£ԵЩ
ҽһԣСʵǲһЩʲôϽ˵
ɫȻ˵ϻһ˽֮ȷʵǰܲһˣΪ֮⣬⾳Ҳ˲٣ղ˵ε˼ʮԼʵǲԵģһԼֻһ棬ûʲô
ҪҪתеĸɮҵ
ɶȻҡҡͷ˵ǧҪһ˵飬ͻִУԼȻ򣬲ܴﵽһֳԽҵľ硣
Ҿ˵ЩȷʵӦý
뻨еʦ۾ʦ϶Ҳֻ֪תĸɮԲŲڷ֮У⻨磬Уﵽľ硣
զ˵վˣһôĵҾͱࡣ
һһֱڵҴ˵ʱȻŸǣˮĺ˺͹˶ˣһҲˡ
סˮʮ꣬ӵָƣļҵĹ֪Բῴ۵ģˮԲĵطת˺üȦҲûпκοɵ˳֡
ˣҲҵģĺ˿϶ҷˣԭͻȻͲӰֻǶڸĴ֮Уĺ˿϶Χ㲼أڽ˵ˮͨ̽Ҳδ֪
Ŵ⼸ָĲˣžҪһĴ㣬һЩ˯̤ʵجΣ״̬ܲãҲָͦ죬ȻƽʱĳɵĹ
ڿͶ·ʱͻȻһǱصţ֪ڱûʲô͸еĻǴĺòˡ


1223 ˵ͼ
뵽ұڵĽӴһ绰ȥ绰˺һűͨү⼸ܵȥˣһֱͨ绰ţ绰ҲӣҲҲˡ
˵ʲôЩɻ󣬿ӻͦżģǱʵܼңҿʲôҪ飿
ӺٺЦ˵̫Ҫ鵹ûУһ¾үûдȥկڸ˼Ƶĸֶ֣ζǧһ˹ȥկ̫ˣǰθЩ飬һֱÿǷģһôҲǳЩҪȻùⲻȥ
ԭӵǵ飬ҲЩ棬ΪɶȥկôȤѲҪҲɣ
һֱԹڱһ־̫ǡ
˵ҪΪһ飬˵ҴŻǾֱȥկˣ黹Ϻ
Ƭֱ̣Ӱ뿪Цʵܼңôôżȥկǲʲô˵ͼ
ӹһЦЩ˼˵˵ʵȻүĴȥկĻڿ϶ȫϣҪ˵ûʲôͼĻ϶̫ţô¶Ҹ仰ɱǹկϳĻǻϪӸˣǻƤ棬ùܷ֮ǻƤתǣģǲүģһһļǮ
˰죬ԭô¶˵ôôֳǮֳ˵ģԭҲǱŻƤġ
ôǿţȻ֪⻨ƤĺôľѪ˶֫кöֽŲˣ֪ⶫ϶ҪͷģٶǮҲϧڵǽͷˡ
һɣͻȻܼң⻨Ƥ浽Լõģù֮ǻƤ滹ʲôô
ү֪ǻƤȫǱľѪܹ˶֮֫⣬ͷƤҽԿҩûǻƤľѪһƺܶˣҲǺֵǮģүֹկУ˻ϪеĻƤ֮⣬ĻƤ棬ǾòˣյȫգǮүǣ֤⡭ٺ١һϼ޻ģ
˵ҵǲȱǮҪôǮҲûʲôô˭ںǮǲǣӵ鵹ǿԿһ¡
ڲ˵ʱһҪҪ졣
ɫܼңڹկԺ˵ڲڴ½ǵ˱
ҽ˵꣬ҵүȥɶأ
һѣǹæģһ鷳ܼԮ֣ҪȻһ治֪զˡЩƵ˵
ү·ӿҰѣٺ١ɶ¶˵ǣĻǿ϶Ƴٵġ
ȱʾĸлҾʣڱƬûΧǶڱصĺûʲô˽⣿
ʣӶʱСЩԺ˵үҪ˵¶ʶˣĪ˵ǵȦӣڵһƬǲ˵
һ˵Ҷʱдϲæ˵òˣܲܰҲĺʲôطЩ顣
үǸĺ˸ˣȵȡһ磬ǸյõϢ˵Ǳĺ˴飬һҹ֮ÿڵ˸ɱˣ˺üٰڣ¶Ǿүɵİɣ
һԾѵʵ
¶Ҳûʲôø˵ģ˵ĺɱģĺ˲صѵĸףҪǵļҲ¶Ҳܲ棬Ծ͹һˡ
ţȣү̫ţˣ˵˭ô죬ĺڱһҶȫԺߣԭǾүȥˣͲϡˣүһص˶ǣССһĺ治һεļѡ
ˣͱҴñˣڱĺ׷;ĩ·ƵĶü춼ûҳˣͰҴĺ䣬ѵĸ׻أ˿϶ҪȳЩ˵
Ǳ߳Ƭ̣һɫүôŰɣڱƬҲһܸˣиһҽֻ뷢㣬ڱǱʲô飬ȫǡ


1224 
ܼң˿ɲֹһˣһҪǳʲô©Ƿǳصġ⻰˵һ˫أһ˵ܲ͹ۣһǾӲҪˣУһ飬ǲŹġ
ôĻ᲻ҵ˼ĵظ죬֤үģרŰڱģʮ꣬ţһСڽţԲǵģʲô©Իĳͷߣ޶
˵ұ˲٣ʵǴ˶ĺ˽𣿡
ǿ϶Ǳ˽⣬ڱʮˣڱǱߵ϶ڲٳ֣Ҫʲôܸ˵ṩһĶҪ֣СӾҲûжһҸͨϵǡɫ
Ǻã¶ͶлܼˣҴߵ飬ȥկʱϵģҪҰ飬һᾡȥġ
ȻڣǾ͵øʲôկһҪȥģΪģֻΪѦС˵ȡ
˴˺һ֮Ǳҵ˵绰
ʱͻȻҵɫһƬȻʵСţϵˣ
Ӧһÿɷ˵ϵûа취İ취ãҲйϵǷԴã˷ˣ
ɵ˵ͷ˵㻹Сһĺãڲֵ̫ΣǰǸˣڵĴֹܲۡ
һֱЩɼһֱ֪Ϊ˽ǮߣǲյģҲʺĵѣǲǣֻΪ˸ļλһڿҲۺǮǻͻǡ
Ϊǽѩǻǵһףһס
ҾĿǰ˵ûǸӳңҲ˵үүݣҸү飬ܹסӣԺĲڽϻˡ
Ҵɹͨһ£˵Ӹҽһˣڸ𱦵ĸˣŽϳҹɫȥҴһˣͨһ£Ȼȷ׶ߵĹϵ
Ϊ˰ȫǲòСġ
ͬʱҲ˶˵һ飬Ŀڰæǲĺ䣬Ҫǲһĸ׵ڲǱߣһʵˣǾ͵úú׼һ£ôܹȳ
ҽ֮˲ⶼЩԾԾԣЩ죬һⰵյĵﶼ췢ùˣȥ͸ң϶Ҫŷĸһ顣
ԴˣΪһˣȥףϻˣҸѦҵҩָҲǶô죬ҲֻƽʱĳɵĹƻҪһЩʱղȫָ
һ˵׼Ҫȥˣһʲôʱ˵ż黹ƻһʧУʱ˸˽ӡ
Ǹոûãӵĵ绰ٴδ˹֪ͨ˵һж㶨ˣֱȥҸͺãĻҲԹǡ
˵ˣȥС
ӦһȻ˵ϰĵ绰ңһСģҿЩ͹ҵ˵绰
绰չҵûãһ绰öŵʽҡ
òףһһֱȵڣҲֻһ磬һѼñӵ˳ҵӻŵȻҲ򵥵˵һ£˵ҪȥһѰæȻһҪ˵İΣһ
Ȼ˵Ұȥ¾ͺã赣ģǣͬʱҪСģ֮ǰһЩصֽңһӣ϶٣ҲûоֱܾӾ
ȻҳҹɫСǱˮһ·רƫƧĵ·Ҳûʲô쳣
һˮұһƫƧĽ䣬ҵӸҷǸ绰˹ȥ
绰ֻͱͨˣ绰ǱߴһдԵʮֿ˵ãǾү𣿡
Ǹҳʵ
ңǸͽܼҶҷԸˣүʲôҪģܸ˵ǡǺܿ˵
绰˵̫㣬ǻ̸ɣ˵ʲôطȥ㡣ҵ
ãһбɽĵطүݹ١
һ
򵥵һ£ұҵ˵绰ڸһξ룬һֵͦĵطһ⳵˾ַ˾㿪ǰȥ


1225 ɽͼ
⳵ƵĻɽ·һСʱŵأȻֿʮӱ㵽һɽĵط˳֮Ҹ˾ǮǱڱɽ·һȦֻһ绰ȥ绰һͨʵү𣿡
ҵ˱ɽģʵ
ڱ˶¥֮գһݱֽľңүֱǡֵ
˼طҲ죬ҰɣҾһɽͼյС㡣ҿػص
ǸһƢûУӦһãϹȥ
˵ţֻɽͼſڵȺƬ̣ûʲô쳣ڴ˴߶⣬òֵСĽһĺʲô˵ĹϵֱｫҸΧզ죬ԣҴ۲һƣȻһĴ㡣
ǼҿͼյĶңûиоʲô쳣Ҳûпߵĳ֣СߵǼҵҪһݿͼգһ߳һߵȡ
Ȼûǳʳãһ˽˵ܿҵľһݱֽһ˵֮󣬱㿪ʼװĵڵܸоõǸߣرǽӸҽܵǸ
ҿʱҲˣ΢΢һЦ˹
Сĺһү
ҵ˵ͷҵĶ档
ʱҲϸ۲һۣ˳ʱģžĴͷ޽Щףһ˿۾װͦߣһֵַˡ
ȻǳһƤңŲ˶Ŀֲܹڱط켣ʮ꣬ʮε¡
֮Ǹĺѵү׹ĳжţһǲͬ죬һһᡭ
û뵽ҵĴطˡ΢΢һЦ˵
ҲЦ˵ȦӲ󣬾үڴ½Щ飬ܶҲжţߣĳÿ궼Ҫؼνţݻͼˡ
ҳܻһۣҿͼյ˲࣬ϡϡҲôһһţΪıǲע⡣
˵ҪǷݶͼվҿкߴ磬ҪҪһ
ˣҸճԹ
ҾͲˣһû˵ţֱ־ץһͼ˵ζ治ȸɵõСԲɡ
һ˲֣˵ߴ磬ܼҽҵ鶼˵˰ɣ
ֻܼ˵һĲֻ̫ǷԸܾүʲôҪһҪ㣬үܷģˣ˵ү飬ݲðɫ
ƻʮģ̬ʮο
ֱӿżɽ˵ߴ磬ҲĨˣǰֱ˵ܼҵүܳǱĺ˸ˣ¶֪
ͷ˵¶ֵĺܴҲֻ֪ܲǱƬܸӣڼʮǰܼҵ̫үŵʱû˸ܼңʲôɣΪ̫үǹĽ̫үȥ֮󣬸֮Ĺϵֱܳһϸû̫ϵˣڵֻܼǱֵַˣҲôϵ˴򽻵ĺͶܼ⣬ҪܼҵļҲĺ۸ӣеĳЩ߲ҲЩŪЩ飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣûȥ⽭ϾܼҵҲҡ
ҲĺﵽʲôͷܼҸܼѣңұҪأֻΪһ飬ǾǽܳǾȳ˳㽫ĺˣԺ󲻸ٶܼ־ˡҳ˵
˵ͻȻͱɫãŵүǰЩЩҲ˵һҹ֮ĺÿڵɲܾΪСĺĺǱϰɣڸƣڴʮˣ˵ү⼸ˣǽеۼҲ϶᲻ĺһ̫Ķ˱ȻҲִ¡
΢΢ҡͷ˵һûɵĺΪУҵĿǶԸĺİˣֱӸɱˣĺԺΪܼұá
һǿһ񾭲һĿң죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô


1226 ǰ֮
ҿһֹģߴлֱ˵ͺãҲġ
˵ͷûд𻰣Ƿʵүһɱĺ㣬ǼλʵΣ
ǿǻӵһ޸ɮĽһǸˡʵ
ǾˣүȻǿԭԶҲСӢۣ֮ҲǸԻڣĺܹ֮ڱ㣬ΪһָĴɣҲԭģȱĺÿڵһһǿֱΪʨǣÿڣжǰΪǿģõʵΪǿǸĻʵҲֻŵ˵ĺİ³ڤˣǸһʮֿµĴڣô˵ɣ³ڤԭ֮أΪҲܹǰ֮У⻹ǫ˵ڱϣһָƹ֮һܹᲢ֮⣬ûһĶ֡ޱ֣ص˵
Ҳϣû뵽ĺİȻôǿҳƬ̣ʵĺİһصĴȣΪĸ֮ϣ
ҡҡͷ˵֪һصĴϣһҲ޷ĺİᲢۣڱһ񻰰ĴڣԾүʵҪĺǸܵ飬ҪܳǸȳϣǴһЩġ
˼ǣǾͳ֮ܳ󣬴һСԶݴ½Ӵ˾ͲҪرˣҲţ۾
үӲۣЩ鲻̫£ҿܼҰᵽ½ȥҲûʲôõģĺܼұĲҵδ˼ܼҵĸܼҵĲҵкܶ඼ڴ½ɿԶɽνŲŲαغĺĵסȰ
һƬֵ̣ߴ磬ôŰɣȰҴܼҵλүӵױĺʲôطһܣ֮ϵȽܼҵүӾȳ˵飬ǿԴӳ顣
˵ظĳһүȻԸ飬ĳһհ죬ģĺҲڵߣ֮ڣҿ϶ܹһ𸴣ڶԸĺ飬ͲҪˣĻص½Ͱոĳ˵ȥͺá
ðɣһῼ˵ģ¶Ǿôˣ͸Ҵ绰ҳ
˵ͷ˵õģһ쵽ǵ绰ϵ
˵ţվӣһЩǮϣҵ˵ͷ滺ȥ
ȸ߳ҿͼյС֮Ҳ˳ȥ
ڴתһȦȷûʲô˸֮ҲŴһ⳵ˮķȥ
һ·֮ϣҲЩĵܳų⿴ȥ˸һȥ
ڣƺûʲô쳣
ˮʱҾ˳һСתȦ̤˻ˮС·
һصˮȻǼӻ̵ʱѾҹʮһˣãȻţ˽ȥ
һţ㿴ȻȺңɻˡȥôãһΪأûиβͰɣ
ûУһ·϶СģˮԶ˳һ·߻ġҵ
ôˣϵûУȻֵ
һжˣ͵Ϣأ֮ڿ϶нҵ
ǺãȥɣǶء
Ӧһ첽˺Ժ˵ذשߵ˵ңȵһһ˶û˯أȫڵһ
һţ˱Χ̸Σұ㽫Ȼ˵ǸҶһ顣
һ˵Ҫ䣬һʱЩļЩ಻סˣҺȰ˵һ
ұ㰲ο˿Щ˯ȥȺϢ
ȴҶȥʱֵɸ˹˵һĺǸ³ڤüѣұɲһһε׼ţȴûв˼˵Щ黹ǲ֪ĺãΪǰ֪ˣҲ޷ıʲôƴһѣ졣
⻰˵ЩɻǱȽͬǸ˵ģǾǾȳ֮ܳһҶȥ½ԶǷ֮ء
Ⲣ˵ˣڸαؾᣬûҪԼ̫鷳һֵν


1227 ׷ɱ
һĿǰľֻеȴȴŸṩ鱨
ҲãϢ죬ܹõĻָһ˵صһλҪүӾȳʱҪ䵱
ڼ֮ǰƾѾȬˣҪǽĹ͡
ڰչҲûʲôصˣĹȣ屻ѹե˼ޣҸҩ֮ҲõĲˡ
Ҹûɶ⣬ûʲô˿ڣ˺ϴ辭ʱֱӽǻĻҷõڻûȫͷŵֻϧõ˺ϴ辭һֵʩֶΣܽǻΪתƵҵϣΪãҲֻ˷ˡ
˵ʵ˺ϴ辭ԼЩаţǵʩʱֱӽеɵˣĻֻ˵Ϊһܽ˵ΪתƵԼϣһ˲䣬Լ˼ʮΪ;ʮˬ
ֻĿǰ˵ҵΪﲻĵزҪһǿ϶ǲܵġ
һȺ˾ڵｹƵĵ죬ֱϣŸҴ˵绰һ绰Ķ˵۾췢ˣֱĿҡ
ҽͨ˵绰
һҾȲʵߴ磬ǱϢ𣿡
ˡϢѾȫȷĺǱ߹ѺţǱаͨ￴ѺõˣȥһۣһжͦõģûܵκŹŰֻǱ߿ɭϣߵܹȥһѾʮֲˣһ˴Ǯƾߵ޷ȳġ
һԵһҵߣЩ˵ҡҰֹĺʲôλã
ҪһжãֻǱнһֱǱѺõÿڣһͷ򶨵˵
ǱߵķغͲôǾ˳ļж󣿡ʳΪؼ⡣
ʣĬƬ̲ŵүҪõÿڽ˾ȳǲܵ飬ǼѾĺڱУڱؽ𣬶˽׷ɱһ׷׽κһǧ̨ҵĻ죬УһĻһڣǳΧ֮⣬õÿڸǲɭϣν̶ѨڹѺĵطкܶĺĶ֣෨󣬾ǵͶء
˵һ£ֵүǳ׽ĺˣһ½ĺɱˣƱҪնɱҪȻԺĺûڱĽˣԣҪСģȥ͸ûʲô
޲һüһĺΪ˶ԸҲɷѿˣʲôʲӽ׷ɱҪնɱĽࡣ
ĺǶŭˡ
һʱ䣬˶֪ôˣ˶ݵĳĬ
һɫޱȣȭͷٴյĿ죬ȴһ仰û˵
Ƭ֮󣬸ûжֵүǾôģûһĴ㣿
һɨһˣߴ磬лˣôˣǼһ£üĿٴ绰㡣
õľү¶Ըͺá˵ţ͹ҵ˵绰
ȫΧǰٿ˽飬һԲ߳
һһ㿴һˣޱ֣ص˵λҪл⼸չˣǾһһΪãһﻹЩҲһλֵܷˣҲһһ⣬ѾֳλֵûбҪˣϣλͳҹɫ뿪ɣǸһа취ͻش½ܼҺĺĶԹλֵܷϽȫ
үǡװһЩе˵
ס죡˵ͺáһһֲɵĿ˵
һ⻰˵ĿɾͲˣǲԶǧܵҪͼļҲģô˵һټʮǰҲֵܣΪ˰㣬Ҫ̸ǮĻ˵ǵġҵ
ǰһ磬Ƕǹʵģȳǿ϶ߵġչҲ


1228 ֻһ
үģĺҺСڴ½ʱһص˺üܣħСŸˣССһĺַ첻ɣ˭ҶţǲߣһûءЩ߷ߵ˵
СӾǸ첻ߣҾû¹˭һ׬ˣ˵һΪǣŸ˴һأֻ˭Ҳ֪ڵΪʲôز
λһ֪ǵ⣬Ⱳʶ⼸ֵܣһ֪ˣǣȻɽˮĵزǶһͻһգĻȥʣµͽɣһа취ģ˽ܼڱĲҵĺǡһ
һڿ϶ûôˣǽܼҵĲҵָĺҲܼңɱˣǿɱҪ˵˿ģ֪͸ЩĺˡƵ
һֱĬͻȻɿһ˵λȲҪӲɵ飬ҿ黹ûеֺް취ĴЩתģһҪñͨһ⡭
һ˵˵Ŀⶼϣһϲ˼ʲôĪ⣬࣬ģڳλûһĶ֡
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ҲЦֻһ̫İ취֪ܲеͨ˵ðɡ
ϸ磬Ͻ˵ɣһﶼءдߴٵ
һºӣɷнµ˵ʮֲǼˣһ¶ͷб˷ֵĿܣĺǱ߸ǲ޵͵ǹȥأһ֣ʵȻΪ¾ûв͸ǽܻп϶ѭģҪץסҪìܣص㣬ǱǱǿԴǱ֣ӦûһЩ
ʲô˼ǶԸͶԸʲô𣿡Ȼɻ
ɴȥˣֻһˣ²֮ڣֻҪˣõĸ˸Ҳӣɵ
ǡõÿڣôȥҴ˵Ϊߣǵ˴½Ҳһһĸ֣ǼܶԸȻֵ
ҪڱˣĺﲻҲڵҲõÿڣгʱһһ˵ǱԼеԸˣȻڳλҲûһǳԸɷģһǾþɳ֣֮һˣѵһﻹԸ𣿡ɷ
ôһ˵˶ĬƬ̣ҲĥĿǰ˵ɵ취ȷǿеͨġ
ߵʵҲǿҡչСβɡһиոռȻô˵ʵ˵ܹŷӦҲ˶٣ߣ߻жʦ꣬Կһս
ֻϧСȵ׻ˣһֱܳæҪȻСҲȫԶһ档
˼Ƭ̣һӣãôˣϣ꣬񣡡
һ˵ʱ־ˡ
һ֮ұָһ绰ȥøмһһֻҪϳǱڰ·
ĿǰֻҪǵܹһַ
˵Ƭ̣СʵүҪˣ
ôòԣҷʵ
ǲԣֻǸүѣʵӦһص׻ϵΪ֮ϣҪ붯ȫļƻҪȻпܾͻᱻʰˡѵ
Ͳòˣд㣬ֻʲôʱϳͺáֵ
Ǻðɣ鲻̫ѣ֮ڣһһĴ𸴡
飬лЩСһ̿ˡ
ڵ˵ǰǺܶæ˼ܣµˮ©ֲܹΪڵţˣҪúллǡ


1229 ƽ
֪ѾªĵѾһˣÿ˶зţʱҲںҹʱȥ͸͸Ҳ̫ԶԺȻӻ̻
ʱڣ˶ڼӽָ壬һǲаи⼸֮ڣΪҲָɣĿռ䡣
ˣֵ죬֮һ磬ٴεȵ˸ĵ绰
Ǽ򵥵ĺ䣬ұֱص㣬ʲôʱϳ
ɫүҰҲ̽ˣ֮Ȼ뿪õÿڣʱһŮǹˣƽ»һ棬֮ǰ̨Ȼڶ糿Żϻȥǿƽһ÷һ·ɽֱȽ϶࣬ܶӣɣҲȽϰȫһЩ
ȥͦܣȥŮˣлһЩɻ󣬱ߴ磬һ¹ˣ
⻰ʵĸһ㶣Ƭ̲ŵʮɣ񲻵ʮʲô
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һֱȽ˵֪ôشˣΣҺֵܿҾ͸㿪Цлл˸ߴ磬¶ˣһҪǰúԼ䣬˳ȶٴơ
ǾͶлүˣ͵仰أȾҲҸǣ¶ԷԸģСıȻΪ˵һ£ֵ˾үûҪ߰ģҪ˻ҪǮ߶ṩԸС
ϸһ룬ֵܸܲṩһĳƺţʱǱˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ʱҲ޷ȷҪʲôȥˣʱ֪ͨүɡ˵
ǺãôŰɣʱϵ
˵꣬Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰Ϣ˶˵һ¡
һҪٵ죬ǽһƣҲǲҵģֻܵȡ
ȴʱ䳤Ҳûкô㹻ʱ׼һܹǰȥȸʲôġ
һҲûȫָĹ⾰ӦҲͻָ߰˰ˡ
Ŀ꣬˶æȻһصĵͼоһ´̨Ƕξ·ߡ
뵹ǶԶ̨Ҳһټʮľ룬ҲǸ˵һƽĵطʺģǵطһѵĹ·ɽ֮Բʮ֮ȫ֣һǲ֣ܵҲȽϷ㡣
⼸ǳ˳Է˯оƶһϸļƻȡƻŪһʧ޾ϸ޲ýƽ긽мҪ
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ҹȻ㽫ͻǸСԺĶʰ˳Žȥ˼Ǿ˽ȥ
ߵʱûн˶ߣˣװŮܰ
װΪһ㣬ԸĺͨİڻԣΣյȥ͵ǹȥͷģǸܰǸѧģûΪĵӣҲֻ￴ҡ
ﲻΪǵİȫһʲô⣬Ҳ֪ͨүүǱߣǸǱ
ȻųӾ·Ǽ˶ڳýţһ·ϣ˶ûô˵
ӿ˴ԼĸСʱ֮󣬲Ȼͣ˳
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ѡһƺܺõĵطӸ£·ΣΧȫ֣ʱǻ
ڴ֮ǰɻҪΧһܴĸ󣬽ԲضһɣƬطֳٴĶ涼ڷ֮Уֻ϶Ҳûźŵģʱ򼴱Ҫϵ˹ԮҲǲܵġ
ԣǸյطɾæô˴ɽʯı䷽λŲƷˮɷ󣬲ҲһܴḶ́Ҫæһʱ䡣


1230 ؼһս
æŲ÷ʱǼ˱㿪ʼͷжϤһطĵĴ㣬һһ㲻Ҳһĳ·ߣǲ˿ģϾôˣǹѣһ⣬޷ܵ顣
ôˣһֱæ˿ʱ˲ٴμһ𣬱˴˽һԼ̽·ջȻһѵ·ߣҲúһܴĸ󣬾͵͡
ǶصǸɽµĵطɽϵļʯŪɵһЩ㵱ĳʱЩʯ·ȻһϣȺŹ֮
ŪһУ춼ѾˣҲȫ˶Ҳױ¶Ŀ꣬Űףڶȹ
ĺһС飬ϾΪߣ⼸˲һĶ֡
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ݸ߱˵ΪҪһص׻ϵΪ֮ϣǺĺİΪҪﵽһʲô磬Ѫһɣ
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˵ҸϽʰֳ˿ĺۼȻҾ͸Űչȥһۡ
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СŸ磬Ǹڵĸ𣿲Ǹ˰ɣչЩĵʵ
һ̣˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬ھڶģ߽˭Ҳұ֤ǻһ˳˭Ҳұ֤Լߵ˲ԼһЩģӦòǣǻûǸӡ
Щ֮Ͱչ̤˻ȥ·ڰϣϵֻˣóһǸģһͨүѾȷˣѾÿڳڳӸոһǺɫĺмһֿϣֿϳϣԤһСʱҵƽ꣬Сߵ˶Ǹ֣Щֵ̳ģ˵Ϊ֮ܲ£һҪСģǱ׼ɡ
õģҲ׼Ĳˣллˣߴ硣ҿػص
үؿʲôҪǰģܿڱǡ
ҲûɶҪˣǸ
һСģžү顣
˵仰֮͹ҵ˵绰æŴŰչȥ˵һ顣
֪Ϣ֮˶ʱȺܣ׼ôʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ܲܽһĸ׾ȳҲΪؼһս
ٵİź˷ֹȻٵǱȲúõĵطǸطɲúõһСηܹ˵ϵϢ
ĸ֣ΧĞų仯ΪǼ˶ߣּһųνǳǿ϶ܹӦԣηбҪ
һж׵֮Ǿ͸ɢïܵĲݴ֮У۾ֱĶŲԶ·


1231 ֣
ʱһһţǼЩĪĽоÿһӶڼ尾һ򵭶ɣɫҲԵЩ
֪˶ãȻˡ׼
˻һڣһæһξ룬ԼصĸʵһЩ
˰ңߵľͷǿһٵĳʻ
ӳ溷ĺ棬һɫı۳Ҳˣǰʮ׵ľ룬ӦǱڰʮңٶѾˡ
Ǽڶʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽ҵϡ
ҵ۾м۳һ֣㽫еĽ˳ۿǰͷǻһ׵ʱһ֣ϵ֣
һ£˱㿪ʼЩԭŪѾɶľʯֶͨһɽ
ǧصľʯˡ¡¡ɽϿٵĹ䣬ֱȥ
һͰչںϺҲþʯסǵ·ǲٵͷȥˡ
һֱǰһɲѾͣǶǰʯͷȴûжӲľʯͱǼʯײķ˳ײɽ·һɽ֮ϡ
Ҳֱʯͷײķ˺죬һΣð˰̡
ҵĿһֱм۳ľʯ֮ͣҵ콣һл㾦ֱǱ۳ȥ
һۻ֮֮϶ʱֳһɫĹ⻪ķ뵶ɫĵâת
֮䣬֮籡һɫĹм۳Ѹײڶ֮Ʒ˹ȥ
ȻһɫĹǱ۳ϵʱͻȻǱ۳ĳһӣһֱӴǳ˳ʸһԵɽ֮ϡ
ոһɲǼ䣬ǵɫĹֱ˱۳ϣһ޴ĺ֮Ǳ۳ֱӱѿð˺ɫŨ̡
һʼǾѾ뵽ĺԲôöԸĽɫҲûбһɱġ
ֱƷ˳ʸɽϵǸ˱Ȼĺõˡ
ҵĿ⳯Ǹɽϵ˿ȥʱǸҲ߿˹
òǶԶʮ׵ľ룬֮ǰ˵õһʮͷ˿һȴͷҪе࣬Ŷ಻ʮ꣬ͷǺڵģһɫŴͷʮֱָץɽ֮ϣָͷ۽ʯͷ棬ƾҲǹ̾Ϊֹġ
˿̣ĿԣĿҵϣһĴһ顣
ãҶûбιǸֵһɨˣɵҲ۾
Ǳ˴˴ͬʱǰԽҰϷֱδ󺺣ֻǻûվȽŸм˳˹ȥ
һɱȥһǰչ
ǰչڸȥʱеĻ𾫳һŻ棬ֱĵطһŻ⣬Ⱥ֮бһŰչŻ˦˼ֽײһڰ֮бѿųһӿݡ
ֻƬ̣սĻ
Ǻ۹⣬һ۾϶Ⱥ˵ͷͷ
ɽ֮һʯ֮ϣȻ֮ͳ˹ٶȿľˣƮ֮䶼ܴ֮
Ǭ˱֮нʦָ˳ŵһöʦְŰչǶԸЩ£˽꣬ԵС
Ҳһգ۵Ĺ͵ҵߣżһ棬ΡһԾϸߣϷƵĴϳһѺĳ⵶ϸЩӽձϦķ֮£һɭѪ⣬һǧӰ֮Ȼ¡
Ҫٽеʱ򣬴ҵֱˣһǻУһһСȻ
дͣһ㽫Ͻ𲧸˳Ȼ󣬳˹ȥ
ȻҴ⣬ֻװ˵ȻܼǿһҴûмУҵӡһͨũүȻһ֣ʵҾһѡ
ȻõǽһƷܺõһ֮䲻ڶĽ⴦ֱӷһϸС磬ֱӳ˹ȥ
ҪɱңճֵǿָסˣòձС


1232 ¶
еĳ˻дϽ𲧣һֻͻȻͿٵóһԾӭȻǵϸСȥ
ȻⷬٶʱβûͣЪǷһţҵؿ˹
꣬ϼһﻹǿٻӦı¶ôǿ
ҲܱСȥһҧֱ˽꣬һɨǧͳɨ˹ȥ
һ˶Ը˶ôͣ㲻ܲ˵ɱңȫǲǷ
һеϽ𲧴˳ȥеİԾȻϸС۷˻ȥֱȻȥ
Ȼʱ󾪣æһӣ㿪ǵϸСĵǵղվĵطһʯͷֱӱķѡ
ֻžȻڰ֮ýż⻭һշ䣬ֱӽһɨǧȥ
æ˼ὣǰȵ˵ϣǰѳ΢Цɨһۡ
Ǽһҹ֮佫ĺɱˣǻǴһ˿Ц⣬˵
ҪͻȻֻ绰治ʱڸƴأйӵ绰
һĻҽӹ˻ͷֵ˵ɱģǵĸô㲻
ôĿǻΪԼǹ½иܵŰ裬ǲĺﰡǼһЦеֵ
һѾ֪Ǽ˵ݣǸĺǼֵʱĺĺܶڿɶǿ
õرǻеϽ𲧣ҵ콣ǰչĻ𾫳ֻҪ΢һǾ֪ϢʱҲֻҪĺ½Ǳߵһ֪ǵݡ
ҾɲϵֻѾһΣոͣˣ죬绰ʮż
Ҳӣֻûӣžˡ
ȻҲøϻŭ˵ֳϽҷųҪȻҽҪ
ðϷı£ܴңҾͷ֣˵ţеĳһͳȻ˹ȥ
ȻеٴƳϸСĵƴһ
геϽ֮⣬ǽ¸ŭĿո˳һǽԵʣûеΪŭĿҲܵ˽Ÿʵˣһˡ
ϲһ𣬸һ˹ȥһ֣ͻȻһ⣬ǰƺûеôǿΪƺһصİ׻ǿȸħôôһ¶
ˣó϶ԸҲ࣬һ·硣
ҪȻļ룬ΪǿĺǿȫҺͻ֮ϣ֮Ծ˸ԸΪȻ롣
⼸˵Уֻ˵ΪߣӦ˴ΣȥʰЩ£ȡȫڴ˴
ֵϵֻһֱ죬ʵҲʤ䷳޲ýֱֻӸӳȥҵĸ̫һЩ
ŻкȻǿܹסҲһʱұֻ˳
óһ绰ǸģѾ˵ڰ˸绰ˡ
æ绰ͨˡ
绰һͨ绰ʹһӵ죬д򶷵ҳһƬ
үүϽӰɣ¶ˡЩ˻ߵĴ
˵ҶʱһһɺӺŸһֱͷƤæҿСˣңʲô
үõԵױʶˣڰСʱ֮ǰСӱ̱ƹǵ鱩¶˳ȥһǱõڵ¸˵ģǸ˿ܲõʨõëʨСӳԲס̣ڱڵй˳Ҳ˺ǿĳҲ׼ءүҲϽ취߰ɣõܿҪˡ
Ļû˵꣬žʹһҽУ绰ͷû졣
ߴ硭ߴ磡һ˺üǱ߶ûκλӦ
ϢҼֱ׺䶥
ҿ˰壬һд̽䣬û뵽ĺ˾裬Ȼڰõ˶ˣⲻǽ·ϱô


1233 һЩѪ
Ʊ˵ʱ򣬱Ҳһֱǡ
үү˵Ǿ仰ԶеĻҪն
Ϊʤȯգһо֮еʱ˵ĵҲһڻ
˵һǧһ򣬻̫͹ĺЩˣһֱڽܹĵѰЩ˵䣬ȻȻһݷ˲µĹ⾰ʼû¶棬ǱȻҲʮż
˵ǸŮǵĹϵһף뵽С
ôǱ׼Ľƾͼƣ·̫ˡ
ΪԼ߽꣬ٳʵȴǺݺݵĳһơ
Ҳûоʲô쳣
Ƭ̣һʱ䲻֪ôˡ
Ҳ֪ڵˣղƺһҽУڻҶǻҲȷǲǸĲҽС
ʵ͸ÿһЩͷˡ
Ҽǵø˵ʱһֿϣֿϳϡ
ǳӵʱȴһۡ
ܵʱǶ̫ˣ֮ǰĺһȺ̽ӹ̽·Եһֵʱǵһͷõˡ
붼û룬ֱӾͷ˽һ룬Щڣϸûа̫һЩ
Ѿûô취ߣһҲ߲ˡ
Щͷֻһ֮䣬ҺܿǿԼ̧ͷһڸʨĻȵĻкȻ첽ǰһҿ
˵ͬʱһٰ˲˹ȥż׺ĽУʨƿ˼
˵Ȼͻжһ㶣𾪵СţʲôΪʲôҪߣ
˲ĺʨõǱĺˣһͻֹΧǣǴ˸Ͻӣסһּֿ˵
кȻ˵Դʧɫ˵ĻваֵĻɣһкŭĿոʨƴɱһ߸Ȼ壬к˰Լ·ߣҺСŵסǣ
ȻҲǸ֮ˣߣߣҲǴߣסˣܼܷɹ˽پȫˣһҪܼһЩѪ
˵գȻɫޱһȣǣеǰ׹磬üĴһʱһξѪüĴһᣬǵξѪϣһŪͷ֮϶ʱƱãԭͻȻܲѹѹƲжʱ쳣
߶ѪӳΪΪĵģһѹեǱķȲ˭ãֶҾùüΣʱģΪҵڳˣһΪڲʱںֲȻȴһˣù֮ΪʵʵҪܳʱָܻ
㶯һŪͥŲʨҲΪ֮ݣ֣ͣվһʯ֮ϣ̧ͷһںڵĲ񷣬ȻȻ֣ǲˣǼȻɱĺӦ뵽Լôһ죡
ĺʨǰɣȻҲǼƵóѣھǳܼҵֶΣ
˵գȻٴξеɽ֮ƣʨķնһһȥһʮǿĵʹӽ֮³һ죬һۿɼĿ֮ͳʨȥܵĿһƬȣƺȼһ㣬һȥʨͻȻˣǵǿǿʯ֮ϣʱʯͷķѣζӿ
ʨһγֵʱȻȻеĳͳȻն£Ȼ˾ѪΪǳ۾ͷӦ˹һסʨĳ˲͹ʮУ⽣Ӱųݺᣬʯľɢɣ֮ռԾԶƴҺͻпһִۣʱȻƺռһЩϷ硣
Ȼƴȡʱ䣬ǴܵĻᣬǾԲܽ˷ѵˡ
Ҳʱҿ˻һۣߣȰ˽ΧȳȥһڻԮ֣
е˵ͷϽ𲧣һɽ±ȥ
ҲĻȣʨóϴЩҲǸĸ֣Ҳ˱ڵء


1234 ˣ
ʰʨЩµǰչһɺ;β˳㻹жʦִн֣ʨϴҲ٣һʮˣֶζǶһĽࡣ
ĺǱǰ֪ҪǵļƻĶǸ֣ǾβռϷ磬һĸ֮⣬Ļ϶ƾУʦȻܳ³һԪŵĺЩĴҴܣбһУʦճһ齹̿
ǰʽЩƣһԲսҺͻе֮ƣٵĻ˵Σ˾Ȼٵĳ뿪
Һͻбս֮УѾéɽǬ˱и˳߶еٵĴ߶éɽ壬ż죬éɽΧĞų仯ڵϵĺĸ֣һ˲ʹӵϵ𣬻ߺëʬһ¾ͳŸչеǸĺ˹ȥһëʬŵķ׷ױɫڴʱҺͻͬʱ֡
ʹһл㾦ʽһɫ籡ǼϽ𲧣һ˵ԴϺݺݵ˹ȥ
һܵУ㿪ȴ㲻ǸУһɫؿڣһ򱻻˺󱳣ֱһëʬ˵˵ϣҧ˲ӡ
ֵ֮󣬰չתͷһۣľЩ⣬óأôǾ͸㶨ˣ
СףȱʣЩȫſ˵˵ţеϽٴη˳ȥǺܿת֪һߣһȺȺֽ֮ܿһߵ˸㶨ˣΧɵЩһתҪߣȻǼɱۣ׵ѣżٰ˲һ»ε˵ǰ棬֮ƣһɨǧͺɨ˹ȥæֽԼǰϣҪֵһȴ֪ɨǧֻһ¾ͳϣȻǶ˸˳ȥ𣬶ʦһԴײһˣƣһ֮࣬Ҳչл𾫳³Ļϯܿճһѽ̿
ΪսɻıĻңֻҪһţǾԶˡ
ǵ˲ңǿǿϵĶҲԽȫѹ
βƴɱĸһôڵĳ˹ȥ׷ŵĵͷܣȻһȴǾβץס˿϶ǰɫǣֱǼ˸סˣǱǰʮѪȵһĻǰˡ
βסĸֱӱǰɫĳ˺ƬһʱѪɫ죬ЩѪȴһζûӴմȾǾβϣǰʤѩıѩһ
Ǿβֻ겻ȫľβĲл꣬Ҳǿ
Щĺĸ֣Һͻг֮󣬲ӵĹ⾰ȫ
صʬ壬һȾͿ粽ǰЩʵСŸ磬Сأ
棬Ըĺʨءҵ
ôʨĲ𣿡չȻ
ֵǣ޷Ԥϵı䶯¶ˣʨ·ϣӦúܿҪˣ뿪һлüһƾӲȥˡЩ˵
ǲڽǸˣҾ֪ڲףŭ
Ҳȷǲڳǣ֮ǰҴ˵绰˵õԵױˣѶƹ֮£гʵ飬ڱķֲҲܵĺĳʨȡܵʱ䣬һӳȥ˵ͲҪƽЩˡһεĴߴٵ
УСһߣȥС塣˵գһǹǽɽϱȥס
꣬¶ֵģôģ͹ҵˣһȴָҡ
˵飬һλϣҲһ֮ġ
ڱҪȫ֣ҪһЩС
һȥˣһҧˣϸ磬ֵǰԭƻߣȥһ彫ʨŷȥǡ
ɸҪͻȻһüͷεҡҡͷ̾ˣѾŴˣҲܵĸոձ˸ƻˡ


1235 ֮
©ƫҹ꣬ƨҽźڵǡ
ãܵĻᶼûˣֱӱ˸Ȧ˴˴Ҳôˡ
ҿһɣæø⣬ڸôźá
ɳӣĿһȥķ򣬵˵Ȼܲˣһþһս׼˵ʨɱˣһУɱ֮ҪԸ˱µʱǶۼһ𣬶ǸΪ
ɵòʵղҲôģɵĿ˵˵ȺΪ곤һǾβ֮⣬ֻǽñĺܣһ㲻ᷢʲôչҲһֱϹϾҵ
һʨˣǾͿԽȫϡ
֮⣬ĺЩ˶˵Ҳ̫вҲ㲻ĺսܱǴõϳҪǿܶࡣ
Ҳֻ㰲οԼ
֮һȺһȥķ첽С
ǵʱ򣬷һƬǽ壬ǺᵹľѵʯͷȻʨѾڸղŵǸλˣһ·ѭټ׷֮󣬲һзǵټ
ʱһѾսȦ֮УеǰǹǽҲϸСĵڽ֮ת
µһϵҲúõ߰˰ˣΪӾͲҲǸǿĸֻ֣ļڶԸʨĸ˵̫в
Ȼ˿̻ǶԸʨĹ࣬þѪԼΪķ֮Ѿʼ֣˾ù£ܿͻ
ǵ֮кһȹȥԸʨֵһ֪࣬ڸʲô顣
϶ĵҲ˿еķֱһϣʨɱ˹ȥ
֮ǰѾͨһ̴һﶼƸ۵Ĵ㣬
ԣһȫһһǰĺݾ
еĽ콣Ĵ߶£ǽߵʩչ˳ʱǧӰʨ˹ȥǻкͰչϽ𲧣𾫳ȫųΪǿʨȻȥ
ǾβֱƵʨ󣬹ȥĺ·
һǹԮ֣Ȼʱˣһ߸ʨУһ߸ǴôȫˣΪʲôߣ
߲ˣΧˣʨ˵дһŽ䵶ŭĿͳ˹ȥ
ôΧʨʱЩмܲסˣβϵתŲȴҲֻбǵķݶ
ʱȻڲ֮䣬ʵټһβܽŵǹ޴ӡ
ʮйʨϱһһѪʱӿеϽ𲧴һĽǶȷʨĺϣֱһѪ
ʨ֪֮࣬Ȼֻ·һ
еϽ𲧴֮󣬾͵һһԴֱ˵֮вӰ֮϶ʱһССѣǴչȥһȴҲҲʨӰ
ȻѿһۣʱЩܻ˵ˣһ֮һȥѾ￪ˡ
ݣô棿˵
ģܲˣϷѾ˷󣬽طĸŪһ򵥵ķӡ˵ݣسɴ֮ã˵ɣͻȻһλƵ˳
˵ղôֱӣԭд㣬ʨˣԲӡ֮
ɱߣʮ׿һطͻȻһƤһԴ¶˳ֱһDuangһ¾ײǰһô֮ϣԴʱһ
ʨԴͷһۣһĴ㵣ҡô
ɵ棡дһеϽٴγ˹ȥٴһӵϣ׼ʨһ
ʨƺЩģһٴ֮УҪǵض֮Զӡ
֪ɽһƬطӡȥһεض֮ʩչȥֻӳʮԶִӵص˳
ĵطþͽŰչչһž˹ȥʨչһ߷˳ȥڵأѪֹٴֳޱȷߺ֮ɫĻ֮ǰĸַ緶


1236 
֮ǰһʱ򣬸ҵĸоĺǿҲ潫˵Ȼһ֮󣬲ŷûеǰǿȸħ磬һΪĹһʼҾͶһȻη֮ģ뷨˿ѾȻ޴ˡ
ô˵Χ֮£ʨʵ̫һЩ˿ߵȥ·ɸסˣŪʲô۶ӳ
һ׶ʨŭǣһ֣ٴγ˹ȥҪʹ˽˴˵
ȻڴʱʨͻȻ˼ɫķԼǰ״һǼɫķ΢΢һܿȻը죬żɫĹâҫտտϢεض
ӳЩɫʱǶΪʲôɱҵĽŲæһ٣ֹǰ
ҿǰεضɫâ֮󣬲׹ǸʲôɱУǼһĶʨм䡣
СǱǸɵôôܹסǣ
˵һл㾦ͳɫϺݺݴ˹ȥ
һɫĹӽ֮籡ֱײǼϣһ죬ǵɫ΢΢һֻһ֮£ԵЩҡҡ׹Ūôշء
ǣʨŪı⣬⼸ɫ֮óһһ³һôȥֿٵ˼־д
ǲ֪ʨڸʲôҲʲô飬ʲôء
Ƴ˲ã׷׼ΪֵֶΣЩɫϺȻȥ
Ʋһɫϣʵȴʮͣһ޻е涼ܹ߽⣬ʨһεҸ߿һۡ
ʹҪŪǵɫ֮󣬻Ŀбʱ򣬿ʮ׶Щҧгݵĸоͻħ֮ƿڤ֮أͷ޾֮ħ
ֻֻе
֮ǰʨϵǸһ澵ӣܺںģƴСҲǺɫģ͸һа澵ͻȻ³һЩŨĺܹӿ
죡ֹɾһЩ˻ߵĴ󺰵
ɵҾ֪ǲ붼û룬ֱӾͳŻǵɫȥеĽ˺ü£ɫȴֻ΢΢ζ˼¡
취ƿɫϵʱȻֵʵϵܣʲô
ͨڤ֮صͨһͨѪķʽڤ֮صĸֹŹֵĶͨͨ㶼󲻵ʲôµ鷢˵ڤ֮صĶħͷųһҪֹЩһ˵
üһʨǱǸƷˣһжħڤ֮ǻ췭ظ
ڤ֮ȥĿֲ֮޷󣬶ʦ־Ǵڤ֮бҴޣǱͷųǶʦĳǼֱ̫ˡ
ͣлȻʩչֶΣɫϣ޼¡
ʱͻȻһ֪ʬ߶Ըɫûãа֮ʬ߽Կշ
ֻһ˲ұ㽫ʬߴǬ˱֮ȡ˳ɫ˹ȥ
ʬһóĩ˵С;ҵ˸
Ƭ֮ճɫ϶ʱһɫϢʬ߿ٵ˽ȥ
ɫһƣȻǰһը״Ľ¶ֱӳʨȥۿžҪʨϵʱͻȻ䣬֮ðһһɶߣһûĸӸߣһǺɫģһǰɫģڰ׷һʯͷĥľ޴師ֻǸոճ֣㱻Ȼ³ǵը״Уһ˻𣬻ĵðһỤ̋޴ӱȻ˵ϡ
ҳͷһۣô;ôأϸһʱ겻ڤ֮Ǻڰɭеĺڰڤ
ҺѦСߺéɽҢ˲ͱΪⱲӶټ뵽ڱһڰڤ˵١
⻹ԩ·խ
ڰڤ˲ûʲôΪͷԼ򵥣֫ÿһʮ׺սǿƥ


1237 ڤͨ
һոĺڰҲǵùճûзأ㱻Ȼһը׸ŷڵأ̹
ִڤ֮ܳĹΪµľ⣬ȻĿ֮Ǳó֮䡣
ֻǺڰڤ˸ոյأǺ֮䣬һһ޴ĺڰڤ˳һȻ֮⣬˵϶һ־ֵֿɫ
û뵽һʼͷųôҸǽ֣֪ǵͣоҲǶҵʱǸոճһʱҲܹЩڰڤ˵ѳéɽҢڳҲˡ
¶ѾȥüˣѾǵǸЩ
˵Ҳ˿ӣЩڰڤ֮⣬˵һĶͨͷų
ڤ֮صĹ˵ĳ֮У֪ǻͨʲô취Ը㡣
֮ͨڤ֮صйǲʨ
ò˵治СӢۣ֮ҲǲԻ
ҲǸɱ
Щͷֻһ֮䡣
Щһĺڰڤﵽ䣬ڤ֮زְ磬һƬ֮Եú죬ﻨ㣬˵ɾ
ڵó⾰һ˷ܵ˶ӹתͣ
ڶݵ±֮󣬻ȷӦ˹еϽһΣȻ󣬾ͳһڰڤ˵Դײ˹ȥ
ֻáۡһ죬ϽǺڰڤ˶ԴϣҵǺڰڤ˷һƺһţüһȻ˰ײҲҵѪҺ
ڰڤ˲ӴͷԼ򵥣һص㣬ǾƤرᡣ
ѰеϽ𲧴ԴϣǾԽӶ˳Ƕڰڤ˵Ͳ۰
Щ˷ܵĺڰڤ˵Ӧ˹ǰЩ࣬Ӷ˳
ڰڤϲ⣬տزɡ
ǿ֮󣬵һͷ϶Ǿúóԣ˵㳯˿񱼶ȥеǾ޴ĸͷͳ˹
зݣеĽһΣһл㾦ͳŴͷһڰڤ˴˹ȥ
콣ĺܣΪӳ֣ǵɫĹ˺ڰڤ˵ؿڣֱӽؿڴһڴĿǺڰڤ˵˵ϣ۴Уǲδȥ
һĹ򣬴Լжʮڰڤͨڤ֮˳˶ȥЩڰڤ˴սһ
սˣһĺڰڤ˽ҵĽ£Щڰڤȴǲϵ˳
ִ򷨣ǼǺҲ˸ˣЩ˾͵ȫ
ôܴķЩܳһɨǧǰڰڤɨ˳ȥʵ
ҲŪеķһߴһߴ˵Ҳֻĳ˵ⶫǰԭ֪ô䵽˱
ǿզ죿øϽ취Щ˵
Ƭ̣ɳֵСţϽ÷ʬԣ嵽Ǻģ岽ķλ÷ʬȥ£õĻǾֻˣ
õģʱƴʱʰʨͺķõʱ䣬ҪӵˣǾֻ·һˣһҧֱ˽꣬Ǭ˱ͭǮ˲ͼ˱ͭǮһʱѳ˼ٵͭǮֱӳǰӿĺڰڤ˺Ȼѹ˹ȥ
Щڰڤ˷׷ײҽеصһ˲䣬żٰ˲˺֮УܺѹѹһƬʲôֱӱ۾ʼ߶Þųȥı仯صĵطȻġҿٵڼ䣬ож߿ýһһɱ
˵岽Ȼ۾ǰŨ࣬һźɫķĸţźɫĹǿôƿϴһڣЩǴǻ֮һġ
˷ʬߣҪǰʱ򣬶Ȼһɶ񺮣æһٰ˲һԿƶͷʱ˫ѪʨҸղվĵطеĳɭһն䣬ҿҷӦļʱҪȻ͸ñˡ


1238 Ķʦ
ʨһδܵóѣǰһųն˹˲ͽǽ˳ӲĽһС
ײһ𣬷һһһŽһ飬϶ˣǿһֱΧ˹أ÷
һҲǱǸƼˣŻᶯһڤ֮صĸֹ޶ͷųҳһ࣬ʱ˿϶ҲĲ
ͷΪ˻ʨҲܲô࣬Ψˣ֮влϣʱ䣬ȴĵ
ҸʨٵĹʮУкÿһжҪҵˣʵҲܹɵѹңֻƾٰ֣ͨ˲ͣתƷλյĶ˹ȥ
ҸʨƴɱʱŪڤлǲϵиһʼǺڰڤˣʲôĹﶼУгԴĹǴǵж꣬˵ˣһ۶޶˿ֲ
ȥᱻЩ޾Ĺɡ
ҲˣЩŪ֮ͨҲм˹ǶʨȴǱܶ൱ơ
ʨΪ֮ϣһŪҸһվ
ұʨƵĿҪͶ·ʱбӺ֮ͻȻðһŻ⣬ҶһбһϲŻ⾹Ȼѱ֮Ķʦ֣ڣţݣһһŭЩڤ֮Ĺһʦֵȫǻһ£ЩСģǱʦһŵ˲棬ֱ̱˵ϡ
ʦԭǻеޣڤ֮صЩﵱôҲǸ֮Ĵʳ˵һֵޡ
һŭסЩʦֱӳ˹һһԪһһСĻɢޱȵϢʨײ˹ȥ
ʦֵԪͬСɣʨСҵľһԶ˿ȥ
϶ҳŶʦִ󺰵ʦ֣ң
ʦҵٻһƺֱӵͷ񱼶һ·ǹĴ񱼶ȥ
ʦ֮Щ͹޲׷׶ܣЩܲҪģʦҲǿҪôֱӴЩ޵ϲȹȥҪôһҧ£ֱӽ˺Ƭǳֱޱȣ˧ˡ
ڶʦֿ쵽Ǵߵʱֱһٰ˲Ǳ˹ȥһż˶ʦֵĺ֮ϣеķʬ߸߸߾𣬾ͳһ´˹ȥ
ʬһĩ˵СͿʼҵ˸ĞųĵݣȻһĺ죬޾ʼͨŪͨ˻ȥոմǻڴ¶ԴĹ޺ܿ˻ȥвʵ˻
ڴʱҷһֱҽµĶʦҲ˻֮Ӷ͵͵ķҲǸڴٵƶ
һˣʬߴϣƻķЩڤ֮Ĺָ˻ȥʦҲڤ֮صĹޣʦҲñȥ
뵽æһֽʬ߶ϣŴӶʦһ־ץס˶ʦֵĺȣǻ޷ֹʦֿٵıǹǿڤ֮
꣬ҵôû뵽һأ
ӱߵǣʦֵʱʨ־ų˹һ׶֮ɫ붼û룬ֱӻ˼շ䣬շʱ޴Ļ򣬳ʨ˹ȥʨŲδͣеĳһӣǼͱĵ˱𴦣Ϊޡ
ţҴ߶˽꣬һл㾦ͳٴδȥʨԭƾʧȻҵĵطһ粽ͳϿ
һ߻ҪקŶʦ֣һ߻ҪӦʨжĻģֻҪɿʦ֣治ãһɿ֣˵Ҹʦ־ˣڤ֮ؿɲ˵ȥȥĵطȥˣҲһܹٴҵʦ֡
һģһҧٴͦŽӲסʨһһ͵һѹǵĽ˳һĵҵļϣ۵ҵһǵһһҵĹ֮У۵죬ʦǱԴǻ֮Уӽ涼ץһӳ


1239 զ
ûһΣҸоô߹һԼһԸĶʦ֣һԾ㽩š
͵ʨĵѾҵĹǷ֮еʱתˣǺ֮УͻȻһˣһСȻеһһըֱӳʨ˹
ʨҲǷ˺ݣֱ̧еĵһնҪҵԴֱӿо͵һͷȥһʱúЩ⣬ͷһ˲䣬ҷҺϵͷնһƬ
꣬ա
һ٣ȻѾɱʨĽǰٴδĻ
Ҷһ٣æͷŶʦֿȥʦֵĴӶǸȥ
ʦ֣СΣ
ҳŶʦŶŷŵһʦƺţοʼٵСҸоϵķ࣬Ƭ̵ͣЪֱӴǬ˱ңֱӽʦָ˽ȥһǬ˱ңʦֱ㰲ȫˡ
һг䶨һŵ亹ҴĹЩԭӻڴĹٵųڵķ˼Ϊʵŭ˻ȴҲֹһռǿ
ֻƺû̫ãֻЩڤ֮޺͹ŻҪȻҲñڤ֮ء
Ⱥﱻ˹æ㿪ǸطһֻֻĹﱻӴ˹ȥûǺڰĶ֮УĞųĶݣͷҲǷɫ䣬һʼǸոձͷųЩžǺڰڤˣĴţͬҲǸڸ˻ȥ
ʱĲǺܳƬ֮ܵĺԽԽҿβͰչҲ˽һԵЩƣǾβֻɨһۣҲʨƮȻȥչͻкܿ쵽ߣҼѪֹһüͷеҸղŷʲô
Ҽ򵥵ĸ˵һ£˵Ŀһεľ۽ʨϡ
үģҲӣҧݵһֱͦŽħƾͳʨ˹ȥ
ղŶۣ⿴Щڤ֮Ĺһıȥˣ־󲢲һʱˣ𣬾;üϻۣæǬ˱óֹѪҩżһЩ
æŴ˿ڵʱ򣬵Ǳߴˡ顱һ죬žһҺߣһͷʱ򣬾ͿʨȻһƣӸһأͱβðɫĳһеǹǽâһֱӾͳʨؿ˹ȥ
ʨ־ֿ֣֪Լ·һֻñ۾ȴһһġ
ۿʨҪһµʱͻȻһȵˣ
һĽʨĿڻ׵ʱͻȻͣתͷǸԴȥɿ첽˹
ϸ磬˲ɱкãһʵ
˵ôɴˣһ˵ô˻ĳ롣ߵߣ˵
룿ɻ󲻽
ϸ˼ǣʨвǳȥҲһ
ʨĵλĺĵλȻô˵ҲǸԴΪҪЮ˵þ뿪ɽ͵
һ˵˷׷׵ͷ˵ļǣܵһЩ
ڴʱʨͻȻһ˵ҪɱɱΪҪЮȫǴΣϷһ򲻺ϣŲΪҷ⼸ȥ
ôͦйдһ첽ǰһƾͳʨϣʱֳָӡӡ
ʨĺλȻ֮ϵۣܵʱ۾һɣŭɶҪ˵нһƳ˹ȥŭɶ
զأʨ
ȥ˼õͦ
ѽˣҺʲôᣬΪҲɱ㣿ֵ
ʿɱ裬ֵĸʹģαϷ򣡡ʨƵ˵
һ䣬òԶһǲ죬˵ĿȫǶԴȥһֱڴϵͻȻѳ룬ֱӵ˵ϣǷʬҲһͬȥ
ϸһǷʬѾӨ֮ɫ첽˹ȥǷʬ߸һУֱҸ˳ȥʬɭޱȣֱ͸衣


1240 վ
ʬ̫ɷ֮ģòûдﵽٽ㣬뵱ʱɵɷ֮˷ʬܹܵķΧһ󲿷תƵҵϣ񻹷ӡҵĵ֮УҲȷǸǻ
Σ̻ڷʬߵĳܷΧ֮ڣбҵٵķŻǬ˱֮С
Ҹո˷ʬߣʨЩĴһѽҵȻHˣ㻹ұ
˵¶һ꣬һƾӣȫûղҲɱңҿ첽ߵߣҿ͸ƣŭûˣ˼ƾӣ
ǿҼ洫ı˵پˣϷܲʹʨһʹϧǷߺ޵Ŀҡ
ô֪ˣ֪ˣαصһˣʲô³
ǰʨҲ֪δˣѯƵĿɣһ£ס߷ϵΪϾˣʱ򽫴˸ˣʡķŻɽ
˵ԭʹϧʨʱ˾񣬾ֵĿǣһ˵һΪԼҪһӣֵزһ٣˭ܽܵأ
ϵΪЩ鷳ԶΪһЩҵһлɢʨ죬һȫصһĺлɢͱ̽˶лɢʮֹãȥһЩĻοǱֱˣǲˡ
Ȼлɢʨӵһֱ̱˵ϣľһ㣬ֵĿҵ㡭㡭ҳʲô
ûɶɢ£ⶫһӵΪͻᱻֽ⣬ᱻٵӴ֮һˡЦ
㡭ɱҡɱҰɣʨ˵ʱᣬ¶ǽܲˡ
ʵʨΪҪЮҲֻǱһԵ̬ȣ˵Ĺء
ʵڲУǾֻܴˣǶĴ㡣
ղʨ׿˵ˣĹϵզأȴЩ̫ţǵĹϵǲզأαҪķԸðսǵȦ
οղһҲΪ˲ܵΪǸһټ
ģаҪľһ塱֣аˣ˭ûѣ
ոոʨлɢͻȻԶ˶Ĵд𣬷˸־ֵĽ
ˣҪˣҹɫҲѾ٣һս⡣
ܻܲŻȥ˭Ҳֻ֪֮ض
кͰչʨӵ˷ֱ𽫷ʨĲϣЩĳȥ
ɨһۣ˳С
ҵĿ⿴Ȼʱ򣬷ɫ̫ãղԸʨʱ򣬿Ǵ߶˾Ѫģʱ֮Ѿʼˣˣæ˹ȥе壬ܳŵס𣿡
ıãۻͦһʱ䣬һ̣ǲġȻֳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
˵ʵǰݵİͷĪЩۣ˼һӹ¿ܼ꣬ҵˣȴܼܽҵţٻһûܵ˵ܼѣȴͦȴҲ֪Ϊʲô
ˣƶܼڷ˵ûֳƿء
أһ޷ġ
ҴǬ˱һѦλүƵĵҩݸȻ˵壬ⵤҩҽѦƵĵҩȳһЩʱ֮ڣݽߣⵤҩܹõġ
棿Ȼǰһеĵҩ
С壬СŸ˵ûⵤҩѦҵҽƵģһټʮɣСĲλκõġһһԵ
˹صĶôաȻЩ˼˵
壬ⶼʲôʱˣĻʲô˼ģϽ˰ɣһÿء˵ţұ㽫ҩֱȻС
Ȼ£ջǽҩ
ҩһ¶ǣȻ۾ʱһصĵ˵ͷͬʱܵﴫһܼĽŲŴվǸˡ
ѹѹһƬˣ˭Ҳ֪ж٣һ۸ͷ


1241 ѹ
ЩԤ֮еĺ˸ǰһ˵ǰ
İչͻнѺһʨվҵһࡣ
˵ʵıԤеĻôһҪӣ˵ʰʨ
ܵڲͣʶӻǲϵ˳߻۶
ֵĶܴĺ֪Щ˵ǿ֮ţĴݻʼˡ
ǶһˮװиʽУܶлǹеĿǡ
Ʋ𱦵ߵľһ㣬ܻǹ̫صڴ½һ㶼ᡣ
ԴΪǣÿ˶סһλ
и֪һսЩ˿㽫еϽ𲧼ͷ֮ϣ죬֣ʱǻС
յɫĵƹⶼ˹εЩ۾Ҳұ۾ֻ۶ǰ˿ȥ
ƺƵһȺ˽Χ˴Լʮ׵һԲȦ֮УЩ²ǧ֮ڣеĸ࣬Ϊʵһۿͷ
Щĺ˳ĬĽΧסһ仰Ҳ˵ոļΪźͳơ
ڳλҲǼʶˣһʼԵľ֮⣬µͷˣҲûмȥģ˾һզأ
Щ˽ΧӣʱȺ֮вŷֳһڣ߳һλʮŵߣɫװɫĺɫͷһȣƮƮľ˳ЩźɫװĺڵȺ֮ԵʮۣȺһ㡣
һ֣һʮǿƣȻһŵͷǞųǿ˶Щ͸
ţӦþˣʮͣͷȫˣɫȴʮְ׾ƺ٣Ҳ֮ܳΪ׷ͯա
ոһ˽һ̫ʦθ˳Ųһһ¿ţŻȥһ˫ӣһһӹ
Ǻô׶꣬һ﾿ܵĻ׵ģⶼʲôʱˣе̫ʦϣ֪̫أǱһɵ档
ɨһ֮յĿʨϣüͷ΢΢
ϸ硭Բסˣұ²ãסЩ½Сʨ˰ͷЩͷɥ˵
û뵽½Ǳ꾹Ȼôһĸ֣ϷһЩĿ࿴ˣһϷʶ˴·ǱߵʵΪʮǰǳʣô½ǱԪ𣬳׽ĩʱ첻һĵߣЩ³ûˣǺηͷ΢΢ͷǸһ˿Ц˵
Ҳͷ̸ҲǴȿһҪ
Ǽһ±Ƶɫ֪«ʲôҩ
ʱǰһȻ˵ûǧĴУ˵Ͼܶ˵ģڣǧ֣Ϣ죬ƫڱһ磬ˣ
ǰüͷһʮ֣صĿһۣ΢ЦŵӦþĴ˰ɣ
ԥĴҲɫ
˵˵һķӣúôڼﲷȴҲ뵽⽭Ƿ֮УǲǾԼ̫ˣǰֵ߽
ɷΪΪõ߶ʧ߹ĺΪŰΪһϷǰҲеɺ޾˵
ܲˣһͰͲסˣǰһ˵˵װȷװǲ߶߶ûˣҪôҪôϽÿһôīв
ˣҪôʱƽľģ˵ữһɸ꣬ǶǻߵĺӣҪ˵ȫɱˣϷЩ²ȥ֣ϷҲǰ֮ˣ˵ǲأе˵ڸղŻеĳԲѷһҲ⡣
չƺҲܲͷѹˣĪľͻɢһ˵ӵϢȥǺò׻һѪ֮ҲҪĥˡ
£չֱһʨǰһ𾫳Ĳϣ˵ͷǵ˶ҪȻҾɱ
չ˵⻰ʱϵɱأеĻ𾫳ֳһĨѪ⣬ʨĲϡ


1242 
ǰװȣΪô˽ǸΧˣȻƾĺݣЩ˾ͻ
˵˰죬ŷȺ˶Щ첻ߵӲͷû
ǿɶǹŹ˺üصģûһ̰֮
۾һУ˰չֿһ۹ڵϵʨ˵Сӣ궼û˸вϷˣǵһеɫĺ
ϻСүû↪£һ仰׷ŲߣŵĻҾɱ˴ˣŪƣչ˵
ϷҪ˵ߣأһֱ̫ʦϵͻȻֱӣֱĿ˰չ
չСӺݣһҧǻɶ˵ģ͸ʬɣ
˵գչеĻ𾫳ʨĲϾһѪʱ˳Ż𾫳ĽоʱסˣȻվȶ֣ǽΣ
չһ㶣΢һͣ٣ǽûȥǶһ֮ɫ˵ҪǽʣǻһܣûʲôС
ɲ֮Уһ֣Ⱥ֮жʱÿһ϶廨˱Ѻһʼûϳ˭Ϊ̫һЩѪһƬûģˡ
үһ̧ͷһۣ˵
һڣҲűϳ˵ڱĸ˸
֮ǰһһҽڵ绰һΪǱĺ˸ɱأԭǱ˸׽ˡ
һƾǹȥʰˡ
ڸͬʮҵˣǸ¡
˵ʵҲĴ֮ˣҪŪǲɵԴҪЮҿ϶һۣȴһԴ˱֮󣬴˶෬Ӧ𣬼Ǵ˿̱׽ҲΪǵ鶫·ǵǲܣϿ϶Ҳⲻȥ
չһѺˣͷһۣǱѯҵ˼
ſڣǵ˰ɣ˵ëʨһǾô
ǿԻأǻһǱÿһǳȥٻΣɵ
Цһҡҡͷ˵ϷɵӲɣһѾǺܻˣ˿ɲ̰ᡣ
һˣĺĻʵ߻˶һģ֮һȺ֮ʱһ
ܼʨһ
Ǳ˴Щòʱ򣬸ͻȻүǲùң˵һúչҵļ˱á
ȸĻ˵꣬áǲһ죬һԴһǻѪŽ˸һԴǸߵһˣûԴʬȻ˵ϡ
һҲ̲ţ˼Ļᣬɱһһװļһٴξ׼˸ߵһˡ
Ǹ˿ȥЩСӶ޺ߴ硭ȾҡҲ
ۿ˵նµʱһ֣ȵȡˣ
⻹΢΢һЦһ֣˵ȥˣߵһ˳Ѻ˹ҴӰչнӹʨӭŸǾ˹ȥ
˫ʮҵľʱǻཻʣҴнӹ˸һˣͬһʨ˹ȥ
ǸмĿһۣ첽ŻǱȥһҲҲ˸
ҴʱûиһȥǾĿˣʲôС
һжЩ̫ˣôЩô׵ľ͸ǽء
ڴʱͻȻоһ־޴ΣУĺëʱ
Сš֪ĸһŵĻһ飬ͷȥһǸ˲֪ģϵͻȻͽ⿪ˣһλεذף˵ͳҵĺ˹
ٶ̫ˣҸӦٰ˲ŵˣֻһ֣˵ذץ˹ȥذ׻ƣȴҵĵطͣ
꣬ߵ˱ĺ˸߷ˣҾȻҪɱңһݣһƾͳ˵Դ˹ȥ


1243 ս
ŭһĺݣֱӽǼһԴķ˳ȥܹͷѵ죬Ȼҽ˻ɱ֮ʱд˾ͳ˹
㿪ԴͻȻһ
֮Ҿ֪ս⣬Ǳ߿϶Ҫɱˡ
ԣһ׼ģžʹ߶ٰ˲˻еߣȻ߶Ͻ𲧣âʢ֮䣬֣һϣ˰С
һŴССġΧ˸˷ǹʱ񱬶һը쿪ȫŻķк
ãϽǷ᲻ɴݣЩкӵȫ⡣
Ȼǰһе߸߾֮䣬ϵâ˸һǿĵ籡ֱŶ̫ʦϵȥһ΢΢ЦеİֽͻȻ򿪣ӭȻǵһȣ֮϶ʱһ磬ǵǿĵʱı˹켣ŲԶһôײȥǴʱһ죬һڣȼһ
һһ췭ظĳҸеֻŵĺеǹеһû˻֣˶ʱͻᱻɸӡ
ҪͻΣյľ棬Ҫĺ˽һ࣬ǲҺҿǹС
뵽ұ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳ȺΪܼĵط˳ȥʦǳշʵ͵ǰһ壬쵽Ⱥмʱ򣬲ȼϵ㽫ü˸ˣȺ֮зһ֮
ڽʦַųͬʱȣСѾͷԴӱ׻ϸ֮󣬳˯ãóһʱҶûиͨˣΣյܹæò϶ܸǰϴæܽͷųܹԸĺȺں֮ڣǰǹ
뵽ұ㿪ʼȿٵĹͨʶǧǬ˱֮Уһ֮󣬲Ÿȡϵһֱڳ˯ˣָ˵˻ûȫָãҪһʱУҸȼ˵һĿǰĴһ˵ϾҪûˣȶʱҲܵˣӦҳæֻ˵̫á
ܹæͺãСѾͷһԻʵ
֮䣬ȱ㻯һɺɷǬ˱֮Ʈ˳һ¶棬㱻ľһٵĻΣıסҵĴȣССӽסɪɪ
Ҳʲôô³ӣ
СŸ硭̫ˡȲҿ
ԭǾµĻеϽ𲧣Ͻ̨ɽɮķǳɾ͹֮ҲΪ֮
Ҹ֪һһڣ»һɺɷƮ˳ȥ
һȥͳȺΪܼĵطȥһɺɷƮ㵹˼ʮˣһȫڵϻɷ
ţڰ֮ΣСɵƯ˼Ư־۵ĸսҺѵضսɱҲӣ׸
ȵһƬ￪ʼһ㱡ֹҹһһС磬֮䣬ЩС羹ȻһЩŸͷųìĹŴս˵ͳĺȺ֮Уһɱ֮£ŪĺЩֹ
һֱ̫ʦϵʱ޷ˣȻվżһ棬ͳǱƮȻȥٴһ㡣
ôһʱ˳ɰǧĹ˾ɱƲɵЩĺҲ˲ÿǹˣ׷׻˷Щƴ
ûǹв˶һ
ȥֱӽϽ𲧸ˣһͲٿϽ𲧳˹ȥû˿ͣ٣еİֽһӣһҵ紵ֱӽϽ𲧴ĵתìͷͳߴ˹
ۿҪߵʱһѩ˶ǰ棬ϵĳƮ裬߹ƶȥ
ͬʱһСȻҲ첽ӭȥսһ
ҺͻУչһҲһȥȺ֮ȡҲ¡
ΪʨҪ࣬ĸһȥʱ͸о˲࣬չȥغϣ㱻һ߷˳


1244 ү
ò˵װȵʱΪĺļչʵҲǲһȥжû㱻һ߷˳ȥǼˣͬҲĪѹ˾βȻܹǿм֮⣬ǼϾǹģǵĽ̫죬ǸͿӣٶȿһӰûм֮
еǱֽ߰ȣ΢һӶɳʯ裬Ͼͻּ˺Ѱ˿ڣ·鲼һ㡣
⻹ԶһЩǿ֮ڣһѹ˶Ҫ˺һ⡣
ȵ˲֮࣬ǰҲһλ³ֶĶŰֽзӡʮ飬ӻʱҲ縡ǰλȣ⵵β֪˶١
Կƴ֮У콣ȫɥʧƣҲôãǽԼ˶˵
ָʮУƬ֮һҲһ߷ɣڵء
űǻкң׷мܣ֪ôеУӶ˳ȥ
˵ʵҿõķǵҪȻѾ
һҲǺܵģоȫĹͷɢ˼ܣҵڵϺһͿʼĳء
ηչȥȻǾβҲֲ˶á
ҸոҪŽٳȥʱ򣬵վһԵİչֳ˾Ȼ֮ɫǻ𾫳Աһ壬ʼ䣬Ȼһζ֮
Сһոջָû죬ҪһΣһЩԲ
չҲǱˣ֮£˭Ҳ˿ǶƴĽſ£ҪȻľǡ
ڰչͬʱƺõļַ˰չ쳣Ҫôֶγ߰˸˳Űչ߷ӵ
Ҫֹչ֮
ҶЩ˽⣬ڶ֮ʱһ׸ӵĹ̵ģΧһ棬Լæһ棬Щ帽Լϣ϶Ҫ˺ôģҪȻҲװ׵İŰչԸС
ɹ֮Ǹܻһϵʱ䣬ʱ֮ڣ˳ţ֮׾ͻʧܵġ
չȻһ٣ΪǱһЩִʱҲõĸһҪҺͻй
Ҫ˵֮ҪǵûѰĵ£Ҫʩչ̫ˣпܻûüͱ˸һˡ
ЩŰչĺˣҸʹһɫ˻˰չߣֱӾ͸Щ˴
ζСȵİǣס˴󲿷ĺЩսҲʮͣСҲͬս֮УɱνʮǿһɺɷƮ˳ƬƬĵڵϣֹ걻ɷɡ
ɾ˹֮ȻĵϾ֮ǰǸϹ꣬һЩ֮ǰõֶܹóɱֶҲǺ
ĺ⼸֣Һͻк޾ɫ꣬ɲԸ⼸Сɫ׾١
һ˲䣬ײǾ͸Ǽ˽֣һŷԸչ⼸˲еСЩʵǺǿģл˸ʵ޼ǼӲӡ
ãոշӦһҲ˽һͬԸЩˣסˡ
չܿһĵӯһͷʱһȻ۾߿˹
˵һͲǰչ˵չһɹˡ
һͷȥչʱ򣬵ǰһ߾Ͷһˣչǰѻ𾫳һնһ¶˲佫ϯյʹİ
˵ҵߣǿһңֿһۻУͻȻſ˵ģʲôƴɱ
һ˵ôôأĺ
еϽһһˣһѹֵĿ˸ڰչϵλſڱүӣ
˭ҸǳԾʵ
չүүӢܰ˵˭Щ˵
ȥûиɣ֪չүүǻţչôܹүү뵽ԼأҲ̫һЩɣ
ǰչүүҼһ棬˵ô˶졭


1245 ׽ɱ
Ҳ̫˼һЩֻ֪֮һЩչүүţչνүү뵽Լϵأ
β˼飬չҲˣ˿̸ڰչϵүүǿꡣ
չүүӢܣΪɵõһΪΪĵӣΪ˸ҸүòƹϵǳܹҸүѵˣȻҲһã¼Ϊĸ֡
չүүչֳȫһˡ
Ż𾫳۾ȹۿΧսһۣɵõһô̡Щ˲һص
үӡڱأȫǱһа֯ĺˣϽְһѣҪȻŲסˡһ߸ĺƴɱһЩ˵
ĺ
Ӣүһ£߶һ飬˿̻һ±Ƶģ֪ʲô飬չүүʱƺûиͨã߰չҲû뵽Ĵүү
˼ˡ
ڳ˸չүүҲʶҺͻУչǹĽ飬Σ϶æġ
Ӣүӹ۲һս֣۾˸βȻƴɱϣ˵ͷ˵Ǹ֣Ѫ֮⣬öûмĽɫˡ
仰˵֮󣬰ӢеĻ𾫳Ȼһ죬һޱȵϢ㳯ķɱ˹ȥ·мҪסӢˣǶûпô֣ϾͱɫĻȼˣճһĽ̿
ֻǲȰүӿ顱һ죬Ȼһƺߣһȴ˳ȥȻڵأȻһأĺ˳˹ȥҪȻ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Һܿ췴Ӧ˹еĽһһ㾦㼤˳˴˹ȥһ˶ɫĹϴһԵڵء
һеķ˵ͳȻ˹ȥһȴͻȻȻߣеǹǽһ̽Ҫס˵ıУеϽ𲧺ܿɳ˵ϣԴֱӾ͸ȥ
ɱ֮ſڵϵȻ˹ŷȻؿڴһƬѪģѪôֹסˣȻĿҲڲѪ
ȻǶþѪΪǵģսʵ˥ߣҪҸҩţѾ֧ŲסˣѾǸеŬ
ȻˣæǬ˱ŪֹѪҩһԵȫؿڴؿڵǱŪ˺ѿģɼǣű˾þġ
ֹѪҩ֮Һ̷ָܿŲѪĵҩȻĺŽƽɫɷףϢ֮󣬲Ųƥ̫ˡҡ
û˵꣬ٴλһѪߣһæ˵С壬˵ˣϽЪϢһ£һ󣬲õġ
˵ţһһ֣ͻȻһʳӣװֵģǲӼһ㣬СһӾȻؿڣ˺˿֮УĹһĻˣȻ˺ѵ˿ھȻһһˣҲѪʳ
շʵСӣҵⶫӦþܼҴʥǧƣ֮û뵽ⶫܹˡ
ȻѾƣı۾һͷ˹ȥ
ǸȻ˿ڵʱ򣬻ǲϵĺ˳ɱ˹ɻǱ߶ţǽʻĸҲŻһԸЩĺˡ
һտС壬æͷķȥĹ򣬸ڰչϵİӢѾˣǾβȴƮһâֱ˰չϣǾβҲסˡ
ڰչϵİӢܣ׽ɱ𾫳ڰӢָܵչȫֲһĸо
𾫳ʮǿӢܵӰأʽÿһУҪһɤӣһǧӰϿȥбеֱǧߣ죡
ֻһУһǧ£Բ֮ȫɣнֵĮֱԲ
˵չүү˴ܻͦǵһμ˴ܻʫġ


1246 ֦
չүүһ֣оЩƾУеİֽÿһλ趼ǷɳʯүӵĽԵЩᣬһһʽƽƽ棬ȴܹ벻⽣ʽѾﵽ¯ĵز
Ȼʹõ⽣иչõͬһ֣̫ԽҼչù
˲͹ʮУȻ˫վһ۾ʶ˰չ֮
վ֮˵ºηʥֶ˸ɷ
ڰչϵİӢֻ΢΢һЦ˵طϷҲǵһû뵽ȻһַʽιҲûģԼһѣһ֮󣬹ԵټˣҲգʶȤģÿһ·Щ뿪ҪȻϷҪһ£ۣ
ɱĺôˣ뿪ԺĺõķţȻҲգŸүȥ˵ɣ
˵գеȡһٴα򿪣͵ĳŸڰչϵİӢɨ˹ȥһδӰֽйγĳ˼Ϊҵ֮⣬дƬİɫ㣬ǧУ˺Х֮ŰӢܺȻȥ
ӢɫһݣָеĻ𾫳Ȼٴȼǻ𾫳ǰٵĻһԲȦԲȦһ̫ͼأԷݣ̫ͼܻܣԽԽ󣬽֮мİɫȫԼǰ
֮䣬ðŻ̫ͻȻһ죬ظžͱѿӢһ˳ʮ׿⡣
һ٣һΣž͵˰Ӣܵߣеһεĳϴ˹ȥ
սЩ˸Ͳ岻ֻ֣ܲӦЩɱСɫ
һ߸ǰļĺƴɱһʻеϻչүүʹĶ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ҲչȻүү˹ǲүүԹˣչΪޣչүүϣҲ޷ԼıȫʩչܷӳһΪͲˣүӿ϶ϧԼӵ壬ҽڣҲʤϣ
ôˣչүүãҪ·һ
ǸΧЩĺƴɱʱ򣬸ڰչϵİӢܵѾƴһְȻĽ׶Σ˲ϰ֮󣬱ٷɢվӣеİֽһд֮䣬кɫٵ˼־еİֽһӣŨĺͻȻʧһȻͻȻ˵ǰ
꣬Ǹͷţǣ״ȮǱƣͱȹ԰ĴҪϺüȻ˻һһ涼ڲ
ӢǱҲ˶ͻȻӰչó˼ֽһĹһ̹ǰ̺ܿʧҲ˼ͷޣһԴϳ¹һֲĽǣӵ϶źɫëƬǰɫģ䵽󱳵Ƭǰצĸָףȥ޶ֻͣǸͷŪĹһȣоС˺ܶࡣ
ЩһﶼǴŪЩϡŹֵҸоҵĶʦ־͹ˣٻЩ޵Ҵ۽硣
ȣŪǸһŭͳŰӢ˹ȥӢһеĽҲָЩﳯ˹ȥЩŪĹ޻Ϸɵġ
˸չŪķԲϰ׶κ˿ЩɱҲʮֲҡ
ҿЩҲֻһЩ̫ʵӰӦòǻ
пһۣҵţλŪ޶ɽصޣôЩ޻ġ
ֻ֪˫ƴһҷֻŪǸӴͷļһһЩһȥ㽫ӢŪһ޲˽£ſھҧȥ˲佫븹УļֻȥֱڸǼһ
һ˲Ĺֶһţذ
û뵽ǣʱֺ֦ڣͻȻӺڰֻǰһĺ꣬кûд򣬸Աɢһֻųֻ޶ȥһֻٵĻΣӢһԸ
ֻɫĺ꣬Ϲ̣ǾȻˣˣ


1247 ɫķ
˭Ҳ֪Ϲô֪˴鷳ģ֮Ǿڶĳǵǰ
˵ǾϲǶ˵϶Ǿ˰ɣ
ԭǻоչүүӢпܲĶ֣ºˣλϹһŲסġ
Ϲ̿żеĴʰ
쳣˷ܣæкһ˵һչ˺ȻҪȥΧһ£־ʵĴսƽʱѵһΧһ£϶ܹѧܶණȻܴ
һͻлӦұ㳯Ǳ˹ȥ
ȵ˽ǰһŷԵЩаӢܺһϹ̵ļлˡ
ӢеĻ𾫳һֱڣȫסãϹƮ֮䣬ޱȣҲʲôֻƾһ˫ƣ·ɣһɽƣܵĞųǣŨɢһʱӰƺƵԶҾ;ÿЩ̫ͨˣ쳣ʱлƷ֮еĶײը졣
ഺֻʮָմˮģû뵽һȻ˿꣬ǵ֪ܼұ۸飬ԲŻ˴ŭ
ӢܺϹ̸һ˼ʮ֮ܵĪѹϵĹͻеһӣʱһźһΣȻֱսȦʮ׿ĵطͷ޺޵Ŀһۣ㳯Χȥ
϶Ҫӡ
üȵɱ۸۸Ϲˣǵɫ֪ϹжͣǼСӱǲˣ첻˽Ϲĺţ
˵УϹֱӻһâಡһ׷ȥ
ڰչϵİӢܿһıӰ̾һĺöҪϷЩס
˵ţӢҲٵƣ׷ȥ
֪ͰӢܵĶ֣սתӡ
˵Ϲ̿˵ġСӡ˭ѵһϵܳǣ
ţ϶ˣԭһлСССӡɰġ
׷˹ȥҲţ߶ٰ˲һʮΣҶʱͻȻվһӰһϹ̡
λϹ̳Щģվһŭģ
ЩηĿһĺһϹ̡
ͷһۣŭδֻǵ˵һ䣺СҲˡܺãֵܼӦûţϹʰɱٺúɡ
ʵ˵ǣ˼Ųʮ꣬λϹ˵Ҳİٶ˰ɣһһɱ͸Ƶġ
˵У㵽˽ǰñǶ˸ţŸڰչϵİӢܡ
ܣûţϹǰ˵
ǰлסΣδ϶ʱֳһŭɫҧгݵ˵꾫ΪϷ㣬вŮϽÿ
꣬϶ô˵ôһҪɳ򲻹ʹ򲻹ˣвŮװȵȥˣ
Ϲ̸ϻ֣ʵʵһ֮ʱɫһ䣬еһӣһٴ˹ͬʱҿ뻳ͻȻһŽӲӵķֱˣһŽâɫķʱɢҫ۵Ĺâַܸ֡
վǰͻȻһ˫ֵԼǰƺɫķʮη塣
һæǰ棬űһɨȫʽն˳ȥ⽣ʽոɢ͵ǵߣеȶͷͳϹ̵Դȥ
ҲǷ˺ݣʹһƣͳ˹ȥ
һȥĵ֮ϣҵַ飬ֹϹ̵ͷϡ
Դǵɫķ֮̾һֱ˫ֵסԼ棬ǵɫķרſģûʲô֮

Ҽס֣ʱʢŭһƣҵؿôҶ㶼ûеط㣬ҲֻӲİˡ


1248 ȳЩͷ
ΪԼҪӲİһƣ֪ؿڵĹͷҪϵٸʱ򣬸ڰչϵİӢүӵˣеĻ𾫳ֱӶ׼ĺģһʹ˹ۿžҪҵؿڣòʱУϽ
һΣõسɴֶΣһҪԶ￪⣬ܹоһɲչֳĞųĺǿ
ֻǵתߵķȥʱ򣬷ûԸԳֻӳȥʮԶӾͣͷһۣʱһ±Ƶɫ϶룬꣬ô
ҪˣһһֱûǶﵷʲôأרžԸָѵġ
ò״סһ㣬ѡ
ȻͻȻһƬ˳ﻹʲôղŪһɫֱ˹ȥ
ǽɫϹźǿĿãһֱҫתϹһֱ󲻸
еĶôһã˸ĽʱʧΡ
ɫķƻ֮󣬾ǰͻȻֳһˣ֮ǰԸŪǸ޵һϹ̣˵һƾͳ˹ȥ
һ±Ƶһֻ֮䣬æһƣȴϹһĵĵ˳ȥڰչϵİүǰϴ̳һʶһ㣬ûȫ㿪𾫳첲ϻһѪӣѪ졣
һֱʱŭһת֮䣬Χһᣬ߰˸غ֮㱻һë׵Ĵβ͸һ߰Ȧ޷ֺ
ʱŷӦ첽˹ȥһлɢͷľͳ˹ȥһأ£ܴлɢȻ޷˲סʱڰչϵİӢܵĳ𣬶Ĳϣ˵ˣСԴ
֪ȥʱ˪һ㣬Դ̾ϢһˣУһʹɡ
ôףҼСǲǱץģ崿һקסӣҧгݵʵ
Цһֵ֪ģƫǲ˵ܽɱѽ
ĺ۾һֱʣʮʹģղűǵɫķһ£ŵҶȻŭȥ͸˦һӣŭΪ㲻˵Ҿβ㣬һأϽ
Ϲ̡
˵ܲٲܲپˣһȻ첽˹
һλϹ̣һʱĲУίĲϹ̡ȥˡٲܼСҪĺ˸ˡ
һԡϹҲ֪ᷢ飬ųȥûãֳôӣҪװ˵ǻĺôĵӣ򵽹ͷˡ崿
һϵǧأϽóɷ˵ĵĺſڱ
һȻ˵ϣһֻ֣װֵǧƾͳС
ĺ˳־ͽǧƽ˹ǧƺʮǣȦ˻ԲĹĵԴ
ǧƣĺǰʵ֪ʲô
ֻһĺеǧƣʱŵĻһƳ桭
ⲻһֻͨĹƳ棬ǧƣ֮ҾͽŽ̣һĹͻǧǧЩͷ˵ҿ㵽˵˵
˵ţĺֱӽǧƷϣôһɫķʳֱӾҧһڣȻӾ˽ȥ˳ϵƤ⣬һһֱŲĺܣȻ¡
ⴥĿĵһĻŵĲһ£׹̫֮ˡ
֮䣬Ͳҽ֡ҵְ
˳ֿȥĵҪ³ֱ֮ͻȻСܼ־֢˿һۣҪһӵجΣֱϵС֮Уһĳ䶯˳Ȼ䵽˵ϡ


1249 ߷
˵׹֮ţŻǧ꣬˷ǳ
Ҵû뵽ƶ֮Ȼôֲ
ֳҲͲӵĹ򣬾Ѿùƶˣֱ˴ССٸɫСǿﲻаɫĶ
Ȼûܼ־֢ǿֱۣҲסһ񺮣Ĵһ¡
ʶɣһĸ첲Ҳɵɫ䣬һľ֮ɫ
ǿֲֲ̫ˣһʮֵĶġ
ҹƾ˶סִĿĵĳ档
һԼֱۣҲŵɫ䣬ʮ־ֵغ㡭ǶʲôϽͣ
㻹ʵгǾСӲʲôط˵͵ȫѪⱻǧƳµĹͿգһŧˮǲô׵ȥҪһһҹĿĺֵ
˵ǹƶѾٵӵĲ棬Ĳ˲ҲССĺڶзۺɫ˳֮ҲкɫĿ׶йƳЩʵܲˣֱתͷȥٿ
ҲôһӵĹڿסˣʹİֵĴУֱĵܡܳǾõÿڣһţĺúõġǸϽס֣ˡ
һ˵ĺһ°ƣϵĿ׶һһЩĳҲ˽ȥһ̱˵ϣްְ
ҿһϹĸ˶к˹
Ϲ̣Ҳһͬ˹
СţʲôҪ˵ģϽ˵һҪʰ϶ڣǵĵҲ̫һЩǽҪúһĺǻ÷ȥĺ˵
λϹ࣬ǼʱϵҪȻǽ컹治ð졭ҿ˵
ҲԭľһЩû뵽ᷢ飬СԶһˣһ飬ҪȻһ϶Ҫǵĵ崿Щûڵ˵
λϹ̣õǰƽˣĺﻹһ˵˽³ڤΪͨ죬ʮԭ֮أΪҲܹǰ֮УҪ벻ĺܼҵ鷳ôӸԴ֣ǱҪ³ڤʰҪȻѾ󻼣֪λϹ̿˵ˣɫ
һ˵λϹ̵ɫʱ崿Ƭ̣˵˵ˣĺİ³ڤڱӦһĸ֣ǽ֣ҲһǴ˵Ķ֣Ҫ뽫⵹²ô׵飬Ȼ³ڤҪܼң϶Ҳˣǽ϶塣
СţСǲʲô취Ͻ˵ϹӡĺƺʲôЩ˵
λϹ̣ôģǲһǹ˳ǣһȦף³ڤƭǼ³ڤɱ󻼡ұȻһĨӵơ
һ˵˶ĺ̾ϢһСţûм³ڤ֪˵֣ҲһܹʰߣϲϸǺҲһ⣬ڱҸɱԵҲûм
λϹ̣¶Ҳòģһаϣ˵İ취³ڤ飬ƽΣֵ
λϹ̱˴˿һۣԵͷĺҵļ۾Цһ˵ҿǳһúүû龢ȥɣϹ㡭
ҪȥʱڰչİӢܰͻȻˣȻ˴ˣϷͲڴ˴ˣϷСչϵʱԽͶԽãϷһֱܰϧûôѹե壬ɻָɽģˮǺڣ
˵Űչүүֻһ֣ʮֿ˵
ͷͦ˼治ǾͶлˣȥԭʱһŵлĺһһ΢΢Ц
Ӣүӵ˵ͷĿ䵽ϣֵСŰչֵܺһҲǲģҪ̫ͷˣҪշִ磬֪


1250 ˵ĵ
үӣģչôҴģҿ϶ôȥһ˵
Ӣ˵ͷ΢΢һЦţҾͿչһһ֮ӰչƮ˳ܿʧ
չһΣ㳯һԵȥһԵһϽչס
˵ӢүӶ԰չͦչ˵ģûнչ弫ѹե֮Ͼļ󣬴ʱİչȰչһ۾ＸŵҩٵĻ
չɨһۣһҵСŸ磬㶨û
㶨ˣ㽫үүˣи㲻飬˵Ҳ̫ţˣôģҺ
ΪɵԽ˵꽵ٵϣүүǱΣԺܴ󣬱Ҳ뽫үүģ˭֪Լҵչ͵
ҶչЪϢȥһЩ飬ֻűƳƵȥ
˿̱ʰʮΣͷҲҿǡ
̧ͷмҪҵ
̧ͷңһ޿ӣ˵Ҷ˵ʲôʲôܳҲԷųʲôģ
ͲˣȷʵҪҶ㻹дĺô˵һ󸻹󣬾ǲ֪ϲҪˣ΢Цŵ
󸻹󡭡ʲô󸻹ܸһʹҾ;úܺˣɲ̰ʲô󣬸󣬹Ʋʲôͬû˵
Ͻʲô鶼ͨ͸Ȼ΢Ц˵㱻ʳջΪһŧѪǺһѣǱĺİô
һ˵һ㶣һŵ㡭Ҫʲô
ҪϣɱĺİȻĺİλһǾĺİ֮ԺΪܼңҪȻ֪ġв
Ƭ̣ջҡͷСΪǱΪĸ֣ǲĶ֣һ¶ϷһСҪ֮أ
ðͲǽɱ֮ȻɱһС𣿡ĺ
ǣǲġ
ߺߡ崿Цһ˵ǰǲңǲǽңˣɱ˶˵̫ˡ
ô㶼ⱾǣһɹˣǿɾͳĺİԺⱦɾһǲɹҲǰһСתƵȫڣԺӵ½ĺӦòȥ½ɣܱھͱʳǿ˵ǲǣٴȰ˵
һһŵǡǿƶʲôϸļƻɹļʴ𣿡
㾡ܷģֻҪ㰵аǣкܴİս³ڤɱڴ½ǱߣҲһĸֹҺƭ
һ֮󣬲һҧãôˣһҪܣй¶ȥ֣ҪȻȫҿɾˡ
Ҳй¶ȥ˵ĵ˾ѣĺİҪɱ³ڤҺֶΪأЦ˵
ʮСģȻڳ˷ѪģſϴӦǡ
Ǽ˶ķԸѪģȻҲһ˲ŻΪˣԼ
ұ㽫޹˳ı棬һ£лɢŻһ½ǣӵվ
ոĺһ֣㳯Ĳץ˹ȥʶҪ㿪ջûиҶĺһץʳӱĺУأ˷ܵķڲѡ
ǧһۣ֮оֺ֮ɫ¼ǧơ
ĺǧһۣ΢΢һЦ㽫ǧƶһһֽס֮ǹƳͲӰ
ظһɫҲû֮ǰǰѿˡ
崿һ仰ܿɫ
ǧȻϳˣӹƣһʲôľٶƶ̾ͻ֮ᷢڱ㳦ã֮أҪŵĻܿԡ
ֳŭݣЩõ˵ҶӦǺˣһѪģΪλôң


1251 ӹ
ĸƤϽ֪ܲһ㣬ӹȻϣֻҪܼʲôұ֤һӶƽ£ûкһЩЩĺôѰľ˷ðɶģڵЩӹƻܰͨһ£ѰҪǻòء崿
һ£崿ƺʲôˣһ鲻ò㣬Ƴ֮µĹ˿ɽ⣬ֻ֮ԽҪ˰ƵĻ»õʵ䷴Чпܱжǿɾ͹ֲˡ
˿̣ˣҲ˵ʲôֻưͳԻҲˡ
ĺתֿңʵСţô죬ø⣬ӿġ
ܺð죬Ǳĺ˻ΧϵǸСⳡսǵͣǶװˣѺȥǣĺİҲΪǰбá˵
˵˵ͷ㰴˵ȥ죬ҴǬ˱óӣԵÿ˶Լһףڻȥ·пʬģϵѪԼĨһЩװһصģ
ֻɾԸ֮Уֱӻâһؿڡ
ֵǰ棬Ѻ˻ȥһʤӡ
ǻصԭսǱߵսɲңǺ˵ʬ壬ЩٻĹҲһЩϾĺкܶ඼ߣԸٻЩһս֮ġ
Ѻǻȥ֮иȹͨһ£Ͻ֣ȻװһҰܵӣԶݶȥȻ͵͵۷Ǭ˱Ҽɡ
Сԣ֪е׷ʲôʣǰҵķԸһѪɷֱӳȥ
Ҳɷнµĸ֮ƴһͣʵ֣ǼģʽĴһȲ˲״ҽһûӰ
ȾǱ˵֮ϣһ·߶Ǭ˱֮С
ٻЩȵʧ˲Ҳʼ߽⡣
һг䶨֮Щĺõ˶ʱȸԾߺ䣬֮ġ
һ֣æԸʰ٣صõÿڡ
Ȼ˽˶һϣרſܡ
ĳһܴ񳵣ֱĺķ°һ顣
⳵ϻĺĸ֣ȫǹߺģһ׺ģ
ĶϣûܹѿģҲģֻûбסʱǡ
ߣǲǷѪģһǧ˹ƶǧƾжôֲѾʶˣƾǸ˸ӣҲжġ
ĺΰ³ڤҲǼкôģӴҲˡ
˭ԿθںܴҲһǳҰĵĵһȡ
ڳϣǼ˶û˵۾Ҳúڲˡ
һ·ư˹գоãСʱĹ⾰ӲͣȻһ˱Ѻųĳһطȥߴ˺üű򿪵죬ǱĺЩСආĸ˽ȥ̨һ·ߣʼ䳱ʪ˺һŵĿĵأű׷׽⿪۾ĺڲʱǲŷ֣ӦǱѺõĳһܵ档
ηΧкܶηȫþִ죬쳣̣֮⣬ηܻи־ķģɢһɷϢרѺһЩȽҪķ˵ġ
Ƕһη֮У˿һ˵ţһͷ󺺣ʹĳϻűӣ˲סĲҺ˺һֻ˹ȥǹͷӴһԵˮͰҨһưˮ˵ϣһҽУٴ˹
ͷһߴһ֣ǱػҲס
ǹͷƺ֪ڿعͷǺٺһЦ˵ʲôһүҾͰʰǣ
һ۾ֱĿǱˣһĻ֮̿ɫ
ҿĽţʵǱ˲ɣ
̫ˡҿӦòɣһЩû˵
˵ôҪд壬ӦòǡҲ͵


1252 ׶
һſſڿ˺һղȷǸĲܳǣųһ
ڱô죬ҲɹһɣҵܳǱѺʲôطһʰˡ
ֻҪһĺİ³ڤɱˣǴ󹦸ɡ
ͻȻһ飬ʱսǰ˵ڱܹϰ£ϸôһ㣬Ǻǳӣôȥֳ˸⡣
Ѿȹĵˡ
֮ЪϢƬ̣ſߣ˵صһСȻȻ˹ȥڶûϵ˿ѾǧƸˣҲҩĺƽƲʲôΣ
չСֻߣүү϶ӣҽչݾڣȻûǾ״̬Ż
˿̣һﶼؽη˴˿ŶԷǱģݸһЦ
ʱкʲôһʮֲʵ˵Ǹǧôǽʲô֮ôСӸһֱҴţóãҲֵƴƴһ۹Ǻ
˵ʣ룬׷׿һ
һ̾Ϣһŵλ֪ǧȻ֮Ϊ֮һٶǰ̵ǳս֮Уǧܵش䱾ʮһԸһȻڻ£Ըȫʢʱڵûʨĸ֣϶ǲеģпֱܱӸɱˣҲǧðΣգϾػܼҲĹ⾰ˡ
һ˵Ȼ˵ΪɶƷ֮һŸҽǧƸóԭôһ¶
һƬ֮ͻȻʹһؿ˳ǲ̫ҡûлûŮģֻʮСɵС׺̧˰װ׵СצӣСצϵĶһһˡ
æ֮ܵһߣĻ
Ϲ̡ʱ䶼ȥˣļʱҪȻιƾˡˣô֪ƽģһʵ
һֻСС˵Һͽȥ㶫ȥˣҲöûмˣǴһʱ䣬֪ջصܼһܼһ˶ûУտյģװСӴһ绰֮󣬲֪飬Ǳٵĸеƽ꣬ãǽȥļʱøǰæ
˵㶫ȥˣбһҲǰ㣬ǿ϶ȥϻµֻǧȥˡ
֮ǰһʶӹɵġ
λϹȷһ£ôˣȴÿڣҲֻܰˡ
ǵλֵܵͲʵϻҵܣǲܸ˵ġ
һ֮Ͻת˻⣬¶ϣѾĺõÿڣղС⺢Ҳ˵ˣӦϣĺΰ³ڤһＯ˼棬ʲôð취ûУ³ڤɲǸöԸĽɫ
˵У˵Ŀʶҵϡ
һ£˼Ƭ̣ôģһԥҵĴɣͨʩ֪һֽ˽ķֻܹһķΧڻǷҲǵˣʲôš
˵ǲ׶󣿡˵
ԶԶԡҵĴϺһΣҶԷûʲôо̫
׶ȷǿˣ˷Բʮ֮ڵķΧ֮ڻҪЩ̣ҪȵУҪȻʩչҪԸ³ڤָ־͸ϼˡ˵
̫ˣߺ꼾ƽ£Ҳʵʩҵİ취óһ׶³ڤ֮УȻһףֱӽ³ڤΪ׵֮£ҲԴһǲǣҸ˵
⻰һڣһɫЩˣԥ˵ǡ
ˣһڴѩɽʱҼһףСձ֪ڵΪܽףλϹڣǰ㣬Ӧûʲô˰ɣҵ


1253 ܼƻ
һЩԥϾôصĵϿɲ飬һʧܣ˶ȫû
һڵΪҲ޷֧˴ûаգȻӦ
ʱĺͻȻһõģλϹڣӦòʲôӣСҲһСˣӦøСŸѧѧҪеǣڽ߾ӦõϸƤ񡭡
Ϲ˵·Щ̫Ծ콭ϸǱҪģƤʲôŮӵ·ðɣҪ۸Ϲ
λϹ̴һʱģջǵͷǺðɣͰСŸ˵ҿԽס
ͺðˣȵһʱ˺ͣĺİ³ڤԼȲúõǸ׶֮УǷ߶³ڤڷ֮Уʱһ־ͿԽףɱ³ڤڷ֮⻤ֹ³ڤӷ֮ѳĿǰ˵һ·һﻹûʲôҪģѲһȦɫ
˷׷׵ͷʾûʲô
ֻһʣ˵Ȼ³ڤΪô϶Ҳʮ־׶õıҪʮ־ܣܱƳκУķҪʱ䲼òУҪȻҲû̫İա
ʲô⣬ֻ콫³ڤǣɳʱɡ
ʱͻȻη洫˽Ųӵη֮ڶʱ
²μӦŵˡ
ȫֹͣ˽̸ֻҲΡ
ʱһξͳηķ򻺲˹
ղŸη̵Ǹͷæͷ˹ͳԿףŴ򿪣߽η֮С
ʱ˲ſķϵǸʨõ֮ǰлɢ¶ܶϵҲûйͷһ㣬ֱ̱档
֮ߵǹͷӳ˵õȳȥûҵķԸ˭ܽ
ǹͷһ㶣Щĵ˵Ӧŵɣ⼸˺ΣգѶƹ飬СıȽ֡ٺ١
ͺһŵǹͷӴһ£תٵ뿪
ǹͷӳȥûη֮½ֳȥ˺֣ܶմȾ˲ѪȵˣƶЩģרѶƹ֮ˡ
Щ֮߳ηܾĿһۣٵ۷֮˼־ĞųʱĶһ£ԵܹоܵĞųֱӹһռһжǶˣĶҲᱻֶصļүùȻʮֶˡ
ʵǲС
ŪЩ֮ɫλʨϷǹֵܣһĺܹ쵽һףʲôֶΣϽæȽ⿪ɣ
Ҵӵվһ̱ϵʨʨҲһŭĿҡ
ɿ𣿡ʵ
ɿѾǵļƻ˵ˣѾͬˣǶһġɫ
վʨ˹ȥһͬĻһ
óѦС߸ҵǿ޹Ƿʨı棬һ£ʨһڣӿʼֻ֪΢΢˼ָǱһˣһǧƱ͵һԾ𣬾ͳʨϷ˹ȥѸײڶ֮ƣһʨڡ
ʨ󾪣͵һֱӣֵ㡭ʲô
ʨĪţֻ϶һЩСֶζѣһЩƶϸһ㣬Ҳ˹ƶҷģֻҪûдĻƶԶᷢɫ
ʨһ˫ţֱĿңҲηĿ˶ãʨǰ۾ŲһߣǷһߡ
ĬƬ֮λǶûУǵ׸ж
͵ء˵һ֮ǰõʨִ˵һ飬ƻҲȫ壬֮ɱ³ڤһʮֱҵֶΣУûĿܡ


1254 պ
úʨһ˵ǾȻ֮ɱ³ڤϲⶼֳ˾֮ɫ
֮ϣ˲࣬ΪıɽϾӣҪ˺ܽףԭ֮˺ĸɣϾӳ棬׽ǺĸɱϾһսУԾ˱Ǻĸɱ
ܼΪһУ֪ܼҵɽҲһЩԨԴүҲס
ֳڽ֮ѾʧˣǶ֮Ծ壬ҪΪֲ̫֮ǵһССͣΪ޷ʩչ˿ֲ
ͲǵĵˣλϹڣһײʲô⡣
λϹ̸ܼ֪֮꣬ʩչǿ֧ţߣһͻָ˶ʢ״̬ҪӵĶôãѩɽһսУܹСձһ³ڤͺá
ǽ·ʱ˲˺֮ǣȻܹ׳ɹ¶ǱȽϿˡ
һٴαЩ
˵֮ĺİ³ڤõÿڣǰ̡
߱׽飬³ڤǱѾõϢ
ֶԿĺһĺնɱɱôĺİڣȻǶĺＫӺ£ֶԿĺ˶ûʲô³֮󣬾Ҫ̣һǼ̣Ҫ֮֮⣬Ҫʸģʬ廹ҪңԴҶĺﲻ֮ˡ
һ죬˶ҪѺ̳ĺרŵԱ̣ʱõÿڵҪԱǰΧۡ
ǵǵǣĺ߻мţǸ³ڤĸ֣Щ˵Ϊڻ֮ϣʱһǶԸ³ڤЩ±ȻŻɺܴţбǣÿ֮УúʨȻǲڻ£ΪǶֱ쵼ÿڣܶ඼Ч³ڤģһǳҡ
ֻҪ³ڤǷ֮޷ѣʱʨ϶֣ס³ڤЩ£˿סĻߵ˱˶ϡ
ҲÿڵҲֻǶ֪ѡ
һ鴫³ڤĶúʨñȻٲ֮ء
֮⣬ǴһԤ룬һǷ޷ס³ڤƻʧˣʱʨ϶ܹȥԮ֣ҪΪһС㡣
ĳĵҪǺˣҲĺ֮λ
˵ҪҲǺһǷ޷ס³ڤ֣ܶҲ·
ּƻһ鱩¶ܵ·Ҳøƺãٴλ׽ҪȻ͵ơ
ڼƻʧ֮ߵ飬Ҳ͸ǰźˣ֤һʧ
ȻĴ㣬Ҳòǡ
Դ֮Ĵ϶õˣϣһβҪصޡ
ȽϽ֮³ڤҪụ̀ԣɱҪϾҪȥʼڼ̨ϲ׶󣬵ȴ³ڤĵ
鵹Ҳð죬ɴĺ˵·ָһƤߣһҲᱻ˷ʲôߡ
е鶼ͨĲˣʲôҪģԻϵ
ʱ򣬵Ƕ˾Ҫ뿪ʱһͻȻסǣæܳʲôطܷڼһ档
Ƭ̣ŵǾͿԼһһ֮ǾͲҪټˣСĸǽж˵֮б³ڤĶĿǲòСһЩ
˵գʨ첽˳ȥ֮󣬾ʹһݵӳ˹Ӳûܵʲôĥ·ǸɾҲûʲô˺ۣıϻһ˿۾һĸоһһйоصˡ
ҲܹϸܵһϢеĞų
˿ʵΪҲ㲻
һһܳǣʱĲæȥһѱסݵӣ˵֣ôʱܿˡ
һôҲץĸڿɺãܳǿһͬ𾪣֮⣬İû֮ɫ
֪ڵΪܼѾױĺ˸ƽء


1255 Ѫն
ĸѾҰŵĿǰʱȫ֣ܹúõģҾͷˡһ˵
Ȼܳȴ̾Ϣһ㲻ٹܵģӦڴ½ҪĺȻҪܼҶ֣Ǳȫ֮ߣҲǲõģڵãǸӶ˶֮УԺĸŮι
֣õģǲµģĺúʨõѾˣֻʱһɱ³ڤ֮ǾͿԻؼˡһ
ܳһ˵ɫ䣬һһԴŵһСӲźͿ˰ɣĺİ³ڤ˵ɱɱģ
֣ҿûƭ㣬ģҪȻôᱻǼ棿һЩС˷ܵ˵
ˣܳǱֻͷʨȥ
һ֣˵ϵܣе°˴Ҳûа취֮ԶܼңҲǰ³ڤԸģЩֻǸѡ
ܳǸˣһãȻ
һ㽫ҽܸܳǣ򵥿ݵ˵һҵԨԴԼβԶǧȵ飬ܳǸǼѣݺᡣ
һץסҵļ򣬲ѽԭҵĺϷ˵ҵȷϹͷŽЩһֱæܼҵ⣬ûʱش½һȥҵĺˣ˵ǲܼѣҳȣĳǸм
壬˵⻰ͼˣʲôϵֵѣǹæҲӦõġҿ
ܳǼһҵļʱĿӹңڵϵȻüͷʱԾһСôҲ
һǰָܳǼ򵥵˵һȻ飬жܳǸݺᣬ޵ϡﻩһֱܼҶȻˣܼѣû뵽һȵ˾Ȼ
һ֮˺ãʱִ٣ǲĵ̫ܿ죬ֱܳʨѺ⵽ԭȵη֮С
֮ԸܳǼһ棬ҲһİΪ˸ͨʱߴ췭ظǱ߻ʲô֪أ˼ˡ
úʨλߵʱֱӽװɸ˳ȥȥ̨ǰ÷ʱִܲ٣ɲòǰһʱжΪһʧ
ʱ䣬ҲûбֻǶη֮ĵĵȴ
ڶһʱȻ˹ֻǿȥʮֵʱ˾Ѫֱˣƺأ֮ǳսҲܸ˶ˣԱ⡣
֮Ǳ㽫ƻȻ˵һ£Ҳи׼
һ˵ҪộȻҲǼѣָŵҩ£ٵĻָơ
죬ߵҲûпǣÿ춼ǺóԺúȵźţҲӽ񣬸˵ˣеУһаͰߡ
⼸ɣԴӳȥ֮ûлЩģڣڣҹʱǳȥһۣһֱڼ̨æµ÷󣬲ûгʲô⣬ŷ
һǬ˱еȹͨһ£ʱܲܳæȻǸ֮ǰһ㣬ܳǲ̫ã಻ܳһʱ
ʱһ
ϵʱڻˣֻ֮˵һѾɣ͵ͷ˯˹ȥһ˯ʱܳ죬ⷨҲǸɵĻơ
˵ʱʨԹѺ̳ÿ϶°ǶֽŵģԼʱܽѣ֮ǰһһ£ȷ֮󣬲ŸҸʨ߳ȥ
һ֮⣬¼֮лѺһЩĺԵˣһһ𱻴˵Ρ
ʱÿ˵Դ϶˺ɫͷףʮĺĸѺ˳ȥ
оʮӣǲ˵棬ɫͷױժ
ЩѪ
ʱǱĴһ̨ϣһſǵǰվδ󺺣зֱѵһѳϸһѶС
ǹڵϣһһȻ̧ͷǰȥ
ǰһ̨ǴԼʮԶмĵطһѿĽΣ˿ǿûģر³ڤΡ


1256 ݵ
һ֮⣬Ա߻ĸİˣһ㣬ǿԵĹ˵ϡ
Щǲʶ֮ǰҲûмƶǸĺΪеˡ
֮ǰȻһĥѪ߰ߣ˺ۣһͷԣԵú
ǻѾϵ˽³Ψ·һ
л˿ǰΪ֮ɪɪ
ʵһ̣Ҳͦģǲڵǵȴɱˡ
ɱ˻ĺİ³ڤ
һΪĶ֡
Ӯˣǿ죬˾Ҫ屻ɱ
δĸоĳһʱΣȵҪ˾ýš
Եʮɱ̨Χźöˣϰӽ̨Χ£ЩˣƣЩӦöֲߣȫĺÿڵ졣
ڹ̨Ҳ˼ѽΣмǸ⣬мǰѽεҲмӣҿĺʨõмǰѽεߣиԶҲҲмѽΣҲǿŵġ
ι̱ĺÿڵҪұ߿ŵǼѽϵԶҲˣΪѾǸɱˡ
̧ͷʱҲ߿һۣޱ飬ˮҵĿ⽻
αװĺܺãҲܹоʱҲԵЩš
˭Ҳ޷Ԥһ֮󽫻ᷢʲôһ֮䡣
Ȼĺİ³ڤûܶһƬܶ˶ָָ㣬м߱ȽϽ˵㿴СûУǴ½Ǳһĸ֣ڵ󽭺һصĶħڴУڵҲǸ˲
ţΣһĺΪڴ½Ժߣ뵽̫߿Լ˵İɣ
СҲͦţȵģĺÿڵǱɱģúʨһƭǣŽ⼸˸ˣҪȻ治һܹ׽סǣǸСļҲ򵥣ܼҵСӾͲ˵ˣ˵һ̨ɽ۾ʦĵӣԥĴˡ
ʲôݣֲǴ½ǱֻҪĺǿ϶޻أˣĺﶼûгֹ飬ÿڵɱȻŭǿ϶Ҫİ洦ˡ
Щ˵ţͻȻ˸ݵ
һ󺰣ԭĹ㳡֮϶ʱѻȸϵȫˢˢվķȥ
һ̨ϵҲʼ˴˴ĺˣһսϾҪʼ
Ҹʹһɫο˲ҪţȫԴ۹۱ǣǹģĵȺš
ʱޱȻһڵ϶˾ѹֵ
ԼĪаңͣڲԶȻһˡ
ţӯĽŲ𣬻˹
ЩһʱĺЩһ֣ޱȹ˵²μ
ʱҲתͷ˿ȥǰһߣһȣ뷢԰ףɹɵƤһ㣬Ͱ͵ģΨһ˫۾峺͸ͬͯһ㣬ĺҲ͵ģ·Ҫߵһ˲ţͣҲоʮϵĸˡ
ߵĺŲƮƮģһ߹ʱ򣬸ûг߿һۣЦеĻ˻֣ЩɳƵ˺ˡλֵܶ°ɡ
ҲҶŴ˿ֻ͵͵һۣջĿ⣬ǱƳʲô
ƷͷӦþĺİ³ڤˡ
ڱǴ˵һĴڣΪͨ죬нľһ͵ӣһȫǼѾһֽ豹ľ磬Ʋһߡ
Խ˾Խǿ£ҵĵһӡ󣬱ҸоĪѹ
һֱҪߵ̨ʱʨæӹ̨Ͽ첽˹³ڤһ
һ֣˵²μ
ˡ³ڤЦе˵
һϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ܣû뵽ЩӴ½һҹ֮ɱĺλĺɨأҲʹſͽ׽˹
˵գһָ߿˹


1257 ʼ
ʱ³ڤ˳ָķ˹ʶĵͷȥһĿģ
³ڤĿɨʱһǸоһɶ񺮣΢΢һ
ܿ죬³ڤջĿ⣬΢΢ЦõУôͽĺľи˻ĺ˵νǴһ֪νˡ
ҡ¸ԸΪЧͣҾӹ
Ϊһ֣㽫³ڤ뵽мǸλ֮ϡ
³ڤ󻹸Ŀ࣬ʮµ꺺ӣһ̫Ѩ߸߹ϣԶǼΪĸ֡
ЩӦ³ڤĽֱվ³ڤ۾ĳ濴ȥһϲַ
Щˣ֮ǰ͸³ڤһʵȺ˵ҲǾУҪɱ³ڤòǵĴڡ
³ڤ΢Цų̨µɨһۣʱվڹ㳡ϵ˻ûֻǵü˳Ŀĳ³ڤķȥ
ôĹأûûһ˸ҽƨɰڰϡ
³ڤĺžԵ쵼¶϶־
³ڤ֮󣬸ɿһеĹȷŵһ࣬˫ְ˰ڣȫ
ɿһ֮³ڤɫһ˲ͱһʮְԵϴɢӵȫϢһչֳ֤˴ſǰǿʵ
һ˲䣬ЩˣһԲԣ
ǿûлͷѾȫúˣֻӲͷƤˡ
λĺֵܣԴϷ򴴽ĺ⼸ʮ꣬ĺڱŷչ˽죬ڱİ֮УžصĵλˣҲСĺ
³ڤ˵ٴ죬żǿȾĪϣ˵ʱ۾ɨȥЩĺİ޲һ֮ɫ
ǻ˵ͻȻһתһĹȣŹ̨ϵǼָ˼£ʱ
ǰЩʱգЩӴ½󱲣һ֮ڣɱĺÿڵÿڵ¾Ұĺ˵ܴ裬ĺｨûз飬λֵܣ˵δǣ
ɱǣɱǣ̨µĺڶʱɽХһ㣬ɤӴ󺰵
ҪʸģҪʬ޴棡лһվ˳ȭͷź
³ڤЦһűЩϧɱǿ϶ģ⻹Ϊĺ棬ձһָǰ½ЩΪ󱲵ļȫɱˣҪȻԺ˭Ὣĺ
ѽȥ
꣬ɱǻţ³ڤǹģǣҿûмþգֱӷڵأҪȻĺ˻ǲݣ϶ҪҵǼ顣
ôͲˡ
³ڤ˵һҾûȥ
֮նڳ˶Ǽ޵ҧгݣ޲ýǸֱӳˡ
֮󣬵³ڤص˵ĺúڣ
ڣվϵһתȥһֵ
̣³ڤùչһ棬һ죬һһٵ˵
ǿתһԸʼ̣
ǿˣһļ˹ȥ
Ǳߵ˲һģҪ֮󣬶ʱŵĴ󺰴˵ʺʱǲ
̵˿첽˹ȥ˵ֱץס˵ļеĳ͵ȥáڡһ졣
ֵĳ˵ؿڡ
͸ţӺ̽˳һѪ岽
Ȼ̴ؿڵ˲ûеȥΪûдǵҪ˺ѷεĲҽ
˵Ľ̵ͣ˺ֳܿ˵ӣǵĸһεĴ˹ȥ
γֳ֮ǵĵﴦִһ
ˣȫû˼Ҫȴʹ֡
ȻһֻʹĿʼʸĵĳ棬ȵѪȡ
˵Űǿֱӽȡ
ȻɱѪȵĳȴǵһμ
̵ʱٴγŹ̨һۣʨͻȻȺӹ̨վ
ڴʱǶҲ̵ˣһ˳һȥһ˹


1258 Ƴ
̵ļһһĨЦݣеĳź⣬Ƕ˹
ֻɨһۣͻͷɿȥ
ɳصĵ˵ͷʾǱѾ׼ˣʱԶ֡
ǻɶ˵ģͿһˡ
һ˳ʱһֻֿٵĴҵļϣһֻų־Ϳٳҵؿ˹
˵ʱʱ죬Ȼѵ˫֣ӳԱһƫеĽɲǼͱҼ˳Ȼһͳ̵ļһؿڴ˹ȥ
һģʹ졣
еĽ͸Ǹ̵ĹֵŵʱֻһὣĶĨ̵Цʱ˲˼ɫȻеĽһǹֵͱҽһϡ顣
Ҵǹֵͬʱվúʨǫ̃߿ٵı˹
ȻǵĿĲΪ˶ԸǣҪʱĶܿɸǸ׶ַΧ
úʨ¹̨ʱ򣬻׷״󺰵ã
ʼգ³ڤֵʮֵȵһֻɫ
Ϊһֵ֮ˣȻ֣⽵ݡ
Ǳ϶ˣŻλ涯ֽš
վ³ڤǼĸֺܿͷɢֱ߶
ڳĺİڻһ±Ƶɫ֪ʲôֱý괩͸ǹֵ࣬ȻأѪʱЩĺ˲ŷӦʱ㷢һ޴֮
ɱǰĹֵͬʱһǸĸҡ
һһûжֵϵǸǧơ
ǧһһϷɳٵǸֵϣ֮С
ǹһҽУƤʱĽڷϣֱͦͦľɵ˵ϡ
ҲûκηʮͻȻǹֵڵ֮ǺڵķϵƤʱģ͵ˮ˺üʬ壬ǹֵɢһɶĸλиָĶ˳գۼĹ׶Щĳ˺壬ˮһӿ
̫꣬ôˡ
ƶ֮ɱ̫ˣ˶Ƴǧ˵ӹ֮Щӹڼٶзܲ˵Ѫ⣬˾ֻʣһѹǼܣʣµĲλȫ˸ָĶӣٵ̨棬Щĺ˹ȥ
һ¿ôĶӣʱĺڵĿֻţ֮һƬ
ɱ̵֮ǱҲˣٵ˼־³ڤĵطʱķģ๴һ㽫³ڤС
ԭڽϵ³ڤܵ˼вɫʱ䣬ͬһųŵڵȻ䳯һƮɶȥ
ƨɵӶʱӷۡ
׶һ˲ɣɺķҹŲóɵķ󣬲֪پ˶ϸŸɵġ
³ڤҪƾżسɴֶӳȻһΣܿײ׶Ľ֮ϣǽϵķĶȻһʱֽ³ڤ˻ȥ
һ׶ƺҲܵ˺ܴĳ͵һŻĻָ
³ڤһĻҲų׶󣬽޹׷ױ˻ȥ
ڴʱͻȻȻһذ׻ƣԼѪٵĻһͼɾվǰͼģ˫ָ־дʣܴܿ죬Ҳ֪߶ʲô
ԭ˲ĺϣͻȻܞųĶиĪ³ڤ׶۶ȥ
֮ӳ׶˵ⷨΪɶҪܹչֳ󻯣ԭô¶
죬ųΪԴԴϵ׶գӶ׶ĸǿ
ҷ³ڤµ׶ϵķ͵һתٶԽԽˡ
һޱȵ³ڤʱʧɫ֪ԼһȦס
һ˫Ƴ׶Ľݺݵ˹ȥһȥоҡضųн˼ը졣


1259 췴ˣ
һҲСչȻܳǣֻҲȫžͽЩĺõɱ˹ȥ
ЩõĹ־͵ȥ˺ü
úʨõͷʱ򣬼³ڤ׶˵ɫԵЩǸոձ̨ϵʱͬʱת³ڤ˹ȥ
³ڤ֪λзģû˿ķһһذףһϾײ˹ȥ
ǻ֮࣬ʶҪǸûü㿪ذһ¾Ŀѣذȫû˽ȥֻһֱ档
㡭ΪʲôҪôǻһֻץסֱۣһֻץסļһſڣѪӿл˳
֪Ǿȥظүɣеذ׺һؿڻһ˺ۣؿڵѪӿǻƺһһͷԵ˵ϣ
ʨѾ³ڤһ½֣˲㶷˼غϣǻȻЩʨƵˡ
ɱ³ڤǸ֮һ֣ǰذײˣֶһȣǰʨһͬս³ڤĻ
ʮĸֶԸ³ڤһԶ׼³ڤĻΧ֮£ֻУ㱻УֱʨеĳնԴ
ԭ׶вϳ³ڤ㾰󣬶ʱͣúʨλݵ˵ʨǶΪĺúʨõȻһ֮£֮ϣϷҲһֱǶˣΪҪڵЩ֣ݺң֪ĺ𣿡
ʱһĻڳЩĺȫȦˡ
ôʲôúʨõֱӷˣҪΧĺϴ³ڤ
ĺﻹôÿڵѾ˸ɱˣʣµȴҪŸɣ⵽
ͻȻһ̧֣һźŵͷը죬ͻȻӹ㳡ӿһƬѹѹȺЩõд඼ǹе˵лף꣬װҲǹݵġ
û뵽ôݡ
ΧЩ˶úʨõ£ѹѹһƬ˭Ҳ֪ж٣㳡ϸÿڵĸֱӸΧһˮйͨ
̣˶ͣҲֻͣɻڲϵά׶С
ȫ֮ͣų˵λĳ췴ˣȸλͨԸ׷ĳģһĳ˵ֵܣһм̣ĳؽ׷³ڤģҲ⣬վӵɸӵζ
˻һڣÿڵĸֶʱʧɫ׷ۿָı鶼У˸еŭ˾óԾҪûߣЩҪߵ˸ոŲ˼мǹ׼һǹɨ䣬ǱɸӣѪ֮С
ĺҲȱѪ֮ˣܿһվ˳ŭǳôǸʲôȻͨϣڵص˹һҪһвǰģôһûĵİǣ
˵ĺãֻĳķ⣬ȴĳЩ裬ʮǰĳһӣ귽ˣɫѣǱ³ĸˣǿнۣһʱ벻Ѱ˶̼ʱĳʱ³£֮£ĳһֱʲô֪һֱ˼ʮֱ꣬죬ĳﻮãҪ³ɱΪҼǿñѩޣ˭Ҫңĳɲٻ˼յֵ棬Ϸ򲻽ϻȪۿͨ죬˵
ȥǱһϣȴҲ֪¶ǲģԼҵӱ³ڤ̤ˣ¶ϼʮֵ꣬һֱ飬Ҳǹˡ
һꡣ
ʱǱ׶³ڤܲˣʱŭɶֵǣҪ˵˵Ҫȡİ֮λŻѪˣ˵˵챾ͽ̵˭ҪܰﱾɱǶˣϷ㽫ĺİãҲܽĺｻ֮С
˻һڣĺÿڵһεıĴ׷СΣԼʱǿǵĿɶԼˡ


1260 սĵ
ڵЩң㳡һ޴ըҩһš
ڣһжǰԭƻͰĽţĺİ³ڤ׶֮УúʨõλҲƿס˴֣һʼ㳡ܲ˼ٵ֣װȫĺÿڵЩָסˡ
һж̫˳ˣһЩ̫ϰߡ
ճ˶ݶĳĬͻȻ䣬һ޷Ԥϵ鷢ˣЩúʨðŵĵֵĺ棬ֳһЩ˵࣬ҲͼʮﶼǹЩҲ֪ðģһ˵ͶúʨõЩǹɨ䣬úʨõЩ˽עǰЩÿڵĸ֮УҲûüע⵽ЩͻȻֵ
úʨõĵֵѪ֮С
ǹһ죬
úʨߵĵֿʼתػԷ
һÿڸֶʱ˿ʼһֱӳ̨߳˹Ҫֹʩɡ
һ۾ܹɲõķĺİ³ڤסˣһֹʩ᲻ƣʱ³ڤܱȳϼһһǵļƻ϶Ҫ泹׵ʧܡ
ҺܿҲ˹õÿ֮У³ڤ϶Ҳǰ˲ߣһһãļÿڿ϶Ҳ³ڤߡ
ãúʨõĻΣ֮ǰ³ڤûеõҪַ飬Щõֻǿ³ڤѣͻȻġ
ǵĳⳡսĵԭҶЩЧ³ڤ˳תһɱЩ֣жʮֳ̨߳˹
һ뱣ɢȥ
Щ˾ǽͷݣ˳絹ǱߵʤǶܱⳡս֮ж
ԷǼÿڵĸڣиֻУһǱ߶ġ
кһӭЩÿڵĸֳȥ
һһϿףûʱˣ
һӦһõһµнӹǹǽʱȻ㿪ʼо䣬еǹǽָ˲񷣬ֱվһһ࣬Ҳʼ䣬˸һ֮⣬ǽϵĴ֮͵ǰǹǽ֮ϣܹøĽ׸
֮ǰ˵еǰѽһ޵߹ƶɣǸͽǣĵھӣܹǴˣףҪѡ
ֻһΪЩ϶ҪķһЩʱġ
ֻҪһ֮ǰ⼸ÿڵĸָ⣬Ǵһʩǵˡ
һ׶֮Уֻҷǳ׸㶨
һȣٵĽ˳ӭŶĸ־ɱ˹ȥһɨǧɨ˹ȥеĳһݺĽĳ֮ϣֱӽɳȥ˺üԶ
ٴαУһл㾦ٴʩչ˳ǽ֮籡һɫĹ˵ĽżأǵɫĹʹؿڣض䵱ɥ
˺УͽһĺĸֵЩ˶ʱʶһ飬Ǿ治Ǻǵġ
ܹһɱĺϣǷ֮
ҳֵͬʱСչҲһǰȥĵطһٿɱ
ܳǺȻɺһңֹЩ³ڤԴӱĵطͻƹ
ܳǵҲӦҲҪһ࣬ȻȻ޷ĺÿĸֱƴԸһСɫǲڻµġ
úʨõλɱһԸֵ༸ʮÿڵĸ֡
ޱȣɱ졣
ҳ֮󣬻кͰչҲ̳֣һоͼϽ𲧣Ⱥ֮кȻ¡
չеĻ𾫳ڣ²һǿļ壬һ·ǰ壬Ʋɵӭ޷˵ϼлֱɱ˺ü
ͬʱǱѾʼ߶״ˣͷ֮ϣĺϣݣ¡¡֮ʼڶء
ˡ
һʼ΢棬ǿ𣬷ɳʯ
һ߿ʼз紵ߣҿһʱ򣬷еǹǽڣ


1261 Ҿ
״Ѿʼˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ֻܷƴɱȡһʱ䡣
ھ֮ǰĺ⼸ÿڵĸֹΪҵĽ׶Σһ˼ѪƵģǼֶεɱԷüˣǷܲĳǰͳ塣
Щ˵ΪҲм˵ΪõҲ࣬ڸÿ֮ҲǵҪְģ߾Щÿеĸ
˺ϻ֮£κһֳֵܹסǵЩ࣬һ˶ʮˣʱ򣬲ϻǹϡϡţͲľһ߻˵սľԲСͿܱӵˡ
˶˹ڶ֪˭ӵ֮£ǹġ
߳ΪҵĹĿЩסˡ
µ³ڤǱߣϻ˫֣׶ĳһڲϵĳƣŪ׶һҡҡ׹֮С
ÿһƣ׶֮оͻᷢһ޴ĺо΢΢𶯣ų촫һ֞ų߶תѹı֣³ڤΪ֮ߣʵǹ˵ġ
һͬΧ׶³ڤ£ʵҲǲַҲǸֶγ׶󷢶ҵĹһĹҿȺʩչ˸ַַϹ
׶ƵķĺоȻʮֱ
ҲˣҪôֶɱǣһʱ򣬱ɥȪ֮ʱҲֶƻ׶֮ǰѳȥ
³ڤĻһеģû֮ǰ̬ӵɫϻƻ׶ʱһƵľ˺ѣ¶˸ݵŹһ
һݵǣȴ̺ޱǿ
׶ۿžҪƵʱҲǽ֡
ڲƴɱͬʱһתͷǱ߿һۣɲϵڱŸ־ɫͨ죬ͣķǴѪʳ
ɲģǷ֧һɵ֧ţһƣɱȻܴܵĲ
ҸоҪŲסˡ
ڴʱĺĸѾǵķߣǱ߱ȥ
ұǩЩ˲ס޷鼱֮䣬Ҳϻɱûüϡ
һ֣ٵĽʦִǬ˱ק˳䶪˳ɵǸˣʦһأĴͳ˹ȥһ죬һԪ˳׷ȥû뵽ǣһ˽׵һ
Ϲڸһ޷ߵȻܳɡ
ܹ˵ľǷ֮Ȼˣɵһǡ
Ȼ˳һȻеʹ˹ȥǰҲ޷չֳ֮ǰķɣеĳһ͸񵲵һߣǳžͳһ˹ȥ
һҪ۷ȥʱͻȻһֻʳӴһƮ˳ٶȺܿ죬һ¾ײ˵ϡ
һǰͣٵıڣȻϣϳССĿ׶һҽУӾɵ˵ϣӲĹ⾰ͱһ󣬲иָССĶƸ̨Ĵ˹ȥ
Щ򼡢ѡЫӡСߣڼ׿ǳһСһƬ̨Ĵӣһֳ˹
ԭ͹һȺһ㾰󣬶ʱŵΪ֮һ٣һɫ䡣
ҪС̫ˡ
ǿ϶룬ûдȥıҪһһСӣ˵ҲᱻǹƳޱȡ
һߵǸƳ淢ʱ򣬶ʦ³ԪҲһ˵ϣһųɫ䡱һȻܳһɨ䵽̨¡
ʱͷڵĲ˱仯ԭܲ׹˿̣Ѿ绮˺ƣצǹ޵צӣ˺һ˿ڡ
ҿһޱȵأ˫Ŀ߸߾ǹǽпʼ䣺ʦϣҾףħ˼䰲вӣ׸ݣ̫Ͼ


1262 һнΪ
һһ䶨ͷ֮һ޴ĺ죬ǹǽĽ֮һ⣬ֱʣ֮ϵĵâǹǽΧ˸ķĲơ
ɱƲ͵ʮֿ¡
ص죬ŵڳ˵඼©һģ׷̧ͷͷϿȥ
ҺͰչԼȫ˼վ̨ǰ档
ֺ׳βһȵѩɽĶҪ˺ܶ࣬һϹ̶³ڤǶôӡ
תͷ³ڤǱ߿ȥʱ򣬷Ҳ㳡ŵˡ
һƵϣھƵĶţ֮ͲʣĿ־С

бʮ꣬һľ֣ȻڵëͷСӸסɱ
޷ͻĿ϶Լ˽ԼˣԼһӵѪĺҪøԼˡ
ôܹͻôܹȥ
ٲҲû˿ôΪϾҪˡ
һ绮ڵĲ񷣬Ȼɼӳֵ׶ȥ
Ȼ󡰺䡱һ죬ǧ򻽵ľײ
һ˲䣬ĵطȻһε޷۾
ɳʯɣȻĵȺ֮зһ˾ŷ׷׶ںƺ֮£һнΪϡ
˭ָҸɱһеľ׿أ
һ̣ѽٵһ̣ĶԼϽ˭ҲΪ׺ɱĿꡣ
һ֮վڷ̨֮ϵ³ڤǱ߿ȥȫŴ˿̵³ڤѾ׸ʬһ齹̿
Ȼ鲢е
꣬һϱӵľǵ׾Ȼƫˡ
׶׵ĵطǸطһֱԼ׵ĴӣΧԭɱĺˣ߰˸ֱӺɱѪɣǱ״Ĵ֮лðŻ⣬ð˳
ë
ôͼĴ
Ǽ˶һ±ƵĿһȾ̲סıԹһСӸʲôܲи׼ͷ
ʱһйǣгǹǽɫصѾڶˡ
ĺ³ڤƬ֮ͻȻ˿Ĵһһεĳ׶ҵĹ˹ȥһΣ³ڤѾǱƼˣҲ׸ȫŷˣҷֱҧԼ⣬͵ĳǷת׶һѪ
õ֮Ѫ۹ǿľѪڣһ֮Ѫ׶ϣʱǷһҡΣĿʼһεĻ˫ƣݺݵĳŷ˹ȥ
һĹȥҵĻζҲŲ
ۡһ죬һͷʱ򣬵һֱάַƺܵ˼ķɣһѪ˳һˣֱӰ˵ϣ˫ֻڿٵ߷
ڴʱһĿٴǹǽ֮ϣһȣеǹǽصĳ׶˹ȥ
ָݺᣬܵĞųȵӭǼ˶
һǹǽǣ֮£صĳ³ڤһεȥ
ɫε۾ֻһ޴ĺؼ䶸Ȼһ׵㻹мʮףбɵʯϣһоһȵҺԼϣһĨȫѪ
ﲻ̨ϳʯ֮⣬һЩ֫ϱۣð̣̿һ㡣
ˣá顱һ죬˵ڵϵ͸ȥ˵̨ϡ
Ѿֵһ̣Ҳļޣ޷ά׶ˡ
һˣ˶һɱ˹ȥ
ʱɾſڵϣǲͣĻѪڣʮּ١
æȡ˵ҩһιüš
ɻţж̤ʵ
ǵĿͳ³ڤķȥάֵ׶Ȼ߽⣬֪³ڤһ̴˷󣬻һ׽ֱӸˡ
Ҳס³ڤķġ
Ȼ̽ɢȥ֮ʱԼпһģӰվǷģǿǸ˵ʱ򣬲ɵȫһ
꣬³ڤûб׸


1263 һ
ǵģûпĺİ³ڤûбһҲòȥ
˿̵³ڤðŨŨỊ̇ԭͿȥ͵壬Ǳսһ㣬ȫڣкɫѪҺ˳ȾһƬڡ
ʮֶ񶾣صĴϢţǷһ̶Ц
ȥ׶ûнϹ⻹𣬻
˵Ŀⶼ³ڤһʱȫɵˣ˴ȫ˵
ôûأ
ͷɻ
Һܿ˹³ڤ֮ûΪһǵ׵ʱԼһ¡
ȫķѣѪ֫˼ʮķ̨ΧԼһУһ٣Ȼ󣬴˿Ҳ;ƿˡ
꣬ˣЦΪɣ
ܿ죬ҾͷӦ˹ͷһһۣھеǹǽָ񷡣
еǹǽɺڡ
ͷ֮ϣĺϣ׹׵ûֹͣ
Ҳ˵һٽס
˿̵һѾЩˣǹǽҲ΢΢ڷ
һ۷Ҳɫأԭ۵ϸһĨӺ죬ȻҲ֧š
ϾӽףǵǾŸɽϼĸֺ֮²ʹõռУһΪ̫Ͼһ硣
Ҫֻڣһ϶¾ס
У϶ûü
һϽŪһ϶ҳһ
һûлӦֱܿһ˫ָǹǽһͷڵһը졣
һצ绮˲񷣬յĻһ㡣
֮һ϶һס
Ҹʹһɫ˶£˹һϹ̵ǰ
ܳǺȻҲηվ˹
һ̣ȫҪȥһ³ڤз֮ĻƴҲҪ䶥ס
ֻҪټôһ£һһоͳ䶨ˡ
ƴˣ
ȫԴڰɢ֮ǰ³ڤ
˿̵˵̫ˣҶɼ㲻þһʲô˹ȥһ׾ٵĶȡ
ǶðգּϹ϶źУҸоΪѪ̵ǸѪ涼ˣӦñѪһأѪڵĻƾǼƤĶ֣׶Ҳס
ҪȻҸүͻеʦ۾ʦҲ
³ڤһվȻЩҲҶ
ҵϣһֱӽʬ޴档
ͻȻˣǰŲһ
һһǣסе˵񾭡
ͻȻˣǲƺһظǰͦһ£˶˷ֻҪ̨ǾϣʹԼΪֵı¡
ǣһһΣͻȻͰ˵ϣһſڣ³һźѪҵĿԵʱǺ³ĶǺɫ
ţȣҼܿס׵ĵһˣǺĸҲˡ
䣡
һ޴ĺһεͷը죬һͷһһеǹǽһιأһ糯һǹǽ
ˡˣ
ױ
ĿԴһˡ
һһеǹǽϵʱһ˫ץס˽Ӳѣ߸߾Ȼͳ³ڤķһλ
ڴʱ³ڤͻȻ̧ͷһеǹǽһ޷Ĺ죬һΣûκεĿ־壬ֻв̺;Ȼ͵һ´ӵվ˻һſ˫֣ͻȻһѪ
ȻҾ͸оһƴ³ڤɢ˳ųҴ³ڤϲһ־޴𣬽ǵȫ³ڤǱ
Щ˵Ϊ㶼ģҲ޷ֹԼٵĳ³ڤǱ߿ϱǵĽŶȳһӣǲϵı³ڤϵ
꣬ѵһҲ˺ϴ辭ɣƺ˺ϴ辭ҪһЩ


1264 񼫳ħ
ô¶չƶ죬еĻ𾫳Ȼ嵽˼Ӳˮ֮У˫ץס˽ɻǱǾ޴ǣų³ڤ߶ȥ
˶ˣΨн׵һֻûбǣơ
ǲ֪³ڤõʲôֶΣЩΪ㲻ĸֶϵǹ˹ȥЩĺ˾͸˵ˡ
Щĺֱӱ³ڤٵ˹ȥڿն𣬾ֵĴţ׷³ڤͷ֮ϣһתС
ԽԽǸͳܲסˡ
ʱ򣬵һȣȻ佫Ͻ𲧸˳
Ͻ𲧷⣬ಡһͷɵ˵ͷ֮ϡ
Ͻ𲧿ٵתϵıһССġ뵿ǵܣ˵ϣׯϣһָ죬һָأͬʱϵǸŭĿҲ˳һ㣬Ҳ˵ϣһָ죬һָء
кŭĿսԿ𾭣һʼ˵ཻ֯һǵٲϵļӿ죬ϵıоͿʼһʱϰٸɮһһ㣬һޱǿϽ֮ϣϽɢĽâӵҫ۶Ŀԡ
Ȼ䣬ŻŪ춯ɵϣͻȻо³ڤɢԽԽСˣҲȫֹͣס˽ŲȻҲܹоǿǶƾΪǿֵס
ںǻĽ˵ܹΪֳЧ
ⷨάֵĺȣȫһ˻еȫ˾͸м
Ļһ˵ĸоиɮ緶ġ
Σ֮˲ꡣ
ٴγ³ڤǱ߿ȥʱ˵ɫһεı
һĹ³ڤ㽫ϰ˶˹ȥȫͷ֮ϣ˴ײҽǳ˼һ㡣
һúʨõҲ׷ױ³ڤϵǣҲϵĳ³ڤ
ҲǱȽ϶ĸˣܹǿƵסԼ壬³ڤƶٶȲǺܿ졣
ٴοһʱ򣬷һ˳һĽⲻϵۣǽ֮ϱƺܴϹ˵˫ֻۣһۣæתߡ
¡¡һΪ֮һͬ磬һž޴һεĻ˲񷣬һǹǽ֮ϣ׺һ޼Ƶľһε³ڤķݺݵĺȥ
һ޴ĺ֮󣬵ضɽҡԶļ䷿ݷ׷ױ׺ɢ
ֻ³ڤͷһˣǵ֮󣬷׷ױѪ꣬֫ϱۣɢɡ
춼ǺɫĴŨѪ
֫ϱ۳Żάֵϱ˹ֱ˺Զ
ѪȴûڵϣγһѪɫмת
Ѫɵվһˣĺİ³ڤ
ûǼ˵סһƥľס
һ֮ˡ顱һ죬ͷʱ򣬷һ˴䵽˵ϡ
Ϊ˽ףһҲǺķеþһ˿
ˡ
³ڤȴûе¡
ϹƺҲķ˲׷ױǱģֻѩ׵ĺ꣬ſ̨ϣϷصĴϢ
ǵ֮бһˮĿ³ڤķ
񼫳ħƼɷħҺΣ
³ڤЦ˫ֻ֮䣬Ѫ㿪ʼϻۣ³ڤ忪ʼѪ꣬ڿٵıòҲ췭ظı仯
ۼף۾ʼĵģɢĺ⡣
ž޴Ѫȫ֮³ڤѾȫһ
һ࣬ǺۼףѪɷͬһת
һʱ³ڤٴαģŻˣҸоҵĸ첲һ˸ץסͷһչѾɫ촽ϵĶСССŸ硭ҡôо³ڤ˽ʬ⵽ʲôĽʬ
ŵҲŵĲᣬΪʬҵĴˣҶԸʬĽʬΪϤҶģϸһۣʱݺݵһĭҲ⡭ôʬħ


1265 ˣȫ
ʬʬħչŵĻһŲģһϾֵıԱ
ʬͷѾֲˡ
ʲô֮ܳΪħղ³ڤ˵񼫳ħƼɷ𣡡ֻС񡱵˼㣬ܻΪħǽϣΪͨˣһɱ̫࣬Ҳ֮Ϊħͷ̸֮ɫ䡣
ͱһصȸϣΪɱ̫࣬Żħڻš
Ȼ˲δħֻһ˸ڻŰˡ
ǰ³ڤΪʬħȴǳ׵׵һħͷ
ղһŭ֮£һ˾նɱɵǵѪ˵Ļһһʱ˼㣬ټһԭͿֲΪ㻯ħͷ
ʮֲֿʬħ
ʬħڽʬĵȼѾˣҴûмүҲûмֻǱġϴйأ˵ôһȻйأǿ϶˼㽫ʬ֮òҲʮϸ
ԣ³ڤʬħʱҺܿ˳
ǱϴѾұĹ죬ȻأŶˡ
³ڤʬˣжʱ˾
Ҳµġ
Ǻã
һ׶ûƼˣֱӴһ˱ʬħ
ʬħ֮³ڤˣҲûѡҪô׸Ҫôͬھ
ʬħ³ڤ㲻֮ǰ³ڤˣΪѾԼ׸˶ħȡǰǿֻһĿģǽǰЩȫնɱǸᣬ˶ѡ
Ժ³ڤƴû
͸ֳ֪ʮ꣬һۣûôöԸġ
ߵǣڵսѾ˼㡣
ǵҺĹɹˣ϶ˡ
׵һĹսΪĴҲѾƣεûˡ
ܹսľֻʣҺͰչԼС
ܳǵΪȻ壬ڸǲһ
ȥҲֻܳͷˡ
ãкϵŭĿϽάһ̵ϣֵ֪ܲܵһǴԸİ취ʵڲУܲߣҸоӵϣǲˡ
Ҹ뵽ΧЩҴĺˣʱɢ׷ɢӣʣµҲˣղһ˶ɱ˸⣬ֿ³ڤģ˭ٴ
Щһӣʱ³ڤΪʬħעɨһЩǱӴܵĺˣ﷢˴̶죬ǡͬĦƹ죬˴ĵײһޱȵУЩθ
һ֣Щܵ˱㱻һץֱӸ˹׵ĵطͻȻͱˣϵѪɣѪʬħЩʬɢһأʬҲ͸һС
˱ʬħץ׷ױѿѪΪĲʬħ
ҿúʨõҲܵʬħչˣһ֣úʨõ˵ҲʬħƮȻȥ
˵ΪǼߵģڱʬħȥԶȫס˽Ųȫб˲ϵ־Դֿʬħ
ʬħһܹסֶΣʱˣһץͱ˺ܶ౶ʱ˵ٴα˹ȥ
ǰԶеͻȻˣǰ͵һȣһǿ糯ʬħ˹ȥʬħ׵ĵطɢȥ
ͬʱһֽʨĸ첲ץסˣϻȣԴ˵ʬħϴ
ʬħһӰεضֱӳ˹ȥֱֳץȥ
ʱͻȻͳһУڹؼʱ̣֮ʣȻѡʨȫԼûмסʨʨĺһƣʨֱײʬħĻ
ȥƮ֮䣬ȻسɴֶΣһ˲ͳʮ׿⣬ʬħһץסʨĲӣֳץȥʱֻһ٣ֻüģȡһξѪȻٴһ˲һεӶʮףֱ֮ûӰ
꣬ϼһﾹȻˡ
ĵֶΣȺ֮УΪߣȻѡܣЩ


1266 ֢ҩ
֮ʣ˭˵˭Ǹ֮ûʲô飬ܹ֮ʱԵһ޷ǾΪ˹ͬ棬Ҫɱ³ڤĺİ֮λɱ³ڤ޷ǾҪܼڱƬطܹҵ˴š
ܹãؼһϵǸǧ˹ƶҲǱգҪ³ڤĴ㣬ҪƾԼҲûǸӡ
ûˣܵЩȻԼҪ
ǵҲӣǻάֵʮּ̣ǳȥҲƺûͣ˼Ҳ֪ڵ֪֪³ڤѾʬħ顣
ʬħץʨȻľʬħУȻ䣬оͶǰѳʬħĸ˹ȥǰѳ͵ʬħĸʱ򣬸޷֣ʬħۼײһʱ򣬻ð˻⣬ʬħۼױ黹ҪӲ
ãʨ˼ɫķѵĻζ˼£˼־㳯ʬħ˹ȥ
ǼɫķˣҲмţүүҵģҶûãɫķȼ֮ʬħϣ͵ڸһ㣬ֻð˼Ụ̋ǵʬħŭץʨһʨͷ˳ĿʨԴͽʬħĿУһҪ£ͽʨԴھ׽Ѫˮ˳ʬħĴ첻ʣ˼Ϊĺߺ
ʨԴ֮󣬲Ѫϵ˳ӾƵĻڶţʬħ׵˿УʬһεıѿѪ꣬ʬħ
ˣ㳡صʬ֮⣬ʣ̨Ϻ̨һˣЩ˴󲿷ֶɱˣܹߵҲûм
ʬħĿܿߣĵһתʱੵĹЦ֮˹
Ҽ˽꣬һʬħ߽ŵĲС
ȥչʱ򣬲ŷСѾʼ߶֮ˡ
ԼΪֶοǲˡ
ƴʱƴҲһá
ʬħǻ߰ԶʱһŭͻȻбͻȻܳһȻǷ𷨽ǰ棬Ȼ֮Ķʦ֣ţڣݣǰڵأȽŵ棬һʱģ
ڶʦֵĺ棬ҲʦֵЩ΢΢ķԣʦֺʬħ޷˵ĵҵǰ棬Ϊˣӻдˡ
ʦֵĳ֣ʬħһ£ŲΪ֮һ٣ĵ۾ʵʵĹâ˶ʦֵϣ
ʦһŭһ죬³һԪ֮ʬħȥ
ʬħ㲻ܣһ㴣
Ԫ͵ľײϣ䡱һȼ
˲䣬ʬħܵȻʦֺһţԼٶȳʬħͳ˹ȥ
ҾöʦִЩĽ࣬æʦ֣㿪
쭵ĶʦָͲҵĻС̹Ƶͳ˹ȥ֮䣬ʦ־ͺݺݵײʬħϣײʬħŲһʬħһѪɷתϵԪյĻʱϨȥһ־ͱס˶ʦֱ֣ӳ϶˳ȥ
ѱ֮Ķʦ˵ҲһǧأֱӾͱʬħϸϸߡȻźԶĵطˤȥڵʲôطҾͲ֪ˣ̫Զˡ
ʦֳ׼ŭʬħֱײͱŻϽŪķײ˹顱һǽһڽ֮еҲƺܵҵײһ㣬׷˼Ψаչڶ֮վ˿ϵ·޷Թģٵо䡣
ǻķϲǲǴССġҲ˲еӸҲͲһ£ɫ˲Ǻ졣
ͷϵϽתƵŻâĻɬ
ǰʬħЩ޲ߡ
Һܿ꣬ҾǸʬҵĴˣԸʬӦΪֲǣϿǴŷء
ʬħɵˣôûˡ
뵽Ǭ˱ңéɽ˳߶ʼſǰʬħܻһ߽ʬɣéɽרſƽʬģö֢ҩ
뵽ҡéɽ壬һ塱졭


1267 ۱
һʼҲ֪éɽǷʬߵ·¶ǴĺﱪǸ˽еģéɽ֮һéӯķéɽķƸʬ֮ĽʬʬԸʬһа֮ġ
ศɣȱһɡ
Ҳ֪ţķģҵУðײá
ζһéɽ壬߶˿ھķΪ²ãֱӻԼüģȡһξѪéɽ֮С
˶þѪΪܴҲһģҵĻָܿ죬Ҫǵ˯ʱҲܹԴԴϵɰ˷ΪãҸ˻ӻҪȻ͸Ȼһ㣬һصĶ
éɽڱע뾫Ѫ֮΢΢һĨѪ⣬ܿڳţζʱ򣬷ҲΪˡ
ԭһײ֮ûнϽάֵķ𷨽ײƵʬħײһӣͻȻéɽ죬ӾͣƺΪηéɽ죬ʼֲ̿ĳܹӶ΢΢ʶľҪ뿪
ѽãéɽʦүķ
дϲִǬ˱нһ˳רƸֽʬķʬߡ
ҸĻ֪һϽſһڣҳȥ÷ʬֱӽʬħˡ
һΣеҵ۾һۣüͷȴǽҡҡͷʾҲҪȥ
ڶ˵ݼţʬħéɽʱҸϽȥһʬ£ֱӽˣǱߴ¡
нסߴ٣ֻһųֻһ˽ĻڣҺܿһ汼˳ȥ
һ棬Ҷʱоʬħɢ޶˿ֲϢѾûʶȫħ֧䣬ƵĶɺɷħ죬һξ룬Ҹоұϵƶŵ˫ȷˡ
ҳʱеéɽһֱûͣ£塭һֱʮнţʬħֲ̿ĳţǲ߿϶éɽ彫ҸҵԵʡ
ҲŪһ˿죬һһĳʬħÿһıһֻеķʬڸܵʬħӴɷ֮Ѿʼҵ˸ֻ˸Ƭ̣ʬĩ˵СͲˣֱӾͱĳѪʬ߶˳֮ɫ
ҽʬõһμӦʬħֲ̫Եʣʬڶҷ档
˶ˣҪһӣôܹġ
Լʮҵľ룬Ӳŵʬħһ࣬һֲֻϵĻζéɽ壬һֻ߸߾˷ʬߡ
׼һӳԴȥʱʬħǸоʲô͵תͷһ˫ĵӾȫ
һ˫ĵӣɢĹ⣬ҵϣ纮µһĸоҸûüӾͶԭء
ɵˣɵˡ
κ˶޷ֱʬħ˫ֲֿ֮С
ǰ֮ң
Ŀ֮ʱʬħĵӺܿͱһɫǳƺѪ죬ſѪڣһ˻𣬴ȳ֮ҵѬȥ
ҲҼ飬ڿʬħ֮ʩչٰ˲ֶΣŻŪǷ𷨽ٵ롣
һӣоӲûӳȥԶų˲ͱճޱȣһĪѹ˹ûסܿͷʱٰ˲Ҳҵľ룬ʬħѾױҼŭˣһ־ͳץ˹
꣬ϻ͵ģ֪Ϊʲôҳˡ
ʬħһſ֣չֳһѪҺϵѪ˲͹ʹѣҪѿһ㣬æ취ȣҧٴλζéɽ壬ȻһéɽͲãʬħɢԽԽǿ󣬸ߵǣʬħصĽŲ˹Ѿҵ
͵ҸоԼϾҪҵʱһֱİչȻ۾еĻ𾫳âһķ𷨽ʱƿһڣչһ粽еĻ𾫳ֱһŵâұʬħ˹ȥ
ǵҵͷƤɹȥģӹȥͬʱҸо⣬Դϵͷը


1268 ûнڲٵĴ
չһεɹˣʹû𾫳ĸоԾͲһ
ǵͷϴȥ֮һ죬һȵϢʱײҵĺ󱳣ʬħɢʱȻֹұǹ˳ȥǰ˺üȦͣЪǷ𷨽֮С
ȥ֮󣬲ŷԼһ亹
̫ˡ
ʬħ޷УҸүĴ֮Ͼһܹʰˣģ붼Ҫ롣
ҴصĴϢ˼Ÿոձȥİչ˹ȥ
ͬʱҵĿҲʬħϣղŰչ𾫳ʬħϵѾϣʬħð̣ĵâ˸Ȼİչٵı˹ȥеĻ𾫳Լٶʬħһ
һ磬ʯķʬħϣ޷ƿϺۼףȥ
ҴǣڰչϵλͿȻͷܣһҲ˷𷨽֮С
ǰ£ܹ˲ʮӣȻǱ˻
֮󣬸ڰչϵǴҲϢ˼ԹȺˣµľһһнڵĸɮһôһʬħϷǷǵĲɣˣˣˣ
˵գǸڰչϵĴ۾һ֮ӰչƮ˳ȥ֮˵ͷûгȥƬ֮һ˵ͷ𣺡ʲôһȱڣϷӳȥ
̧ͷһۣεҡͷ̾ϢһǴһڣλƮ˳ȥ
𷨽籾רſа֮ĶλǸޣҲóȻײֻûиһӳȥ
˵Ҳǹûнڲٵģ˼Ұչ˺ô󹦷˹Ҳöһɣüһʮӵʱ䣬Ҫˣ
֮Ǵһͷ֣ƭӣ
һβӰ
ղŰչ϶ǽڲƭ˹û˵ʬħ飬ҪȻǴ϶ҲչСҲЩص
ԾһΰչԸǻʱΪζ
ⱦĹ޲࣬ȥһĽɫ
Ǿˣ˼ҪҲţ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
Ҫ־͹ãһ鷳
Ǵߣ𷨽ٴܵҵײվﻹûл㱻һɴϣֱˤڵأҲһ㣬׷˼
ǹ޴ڰչϵʱ䲢ǹһߣչ˹ƿԼ塣
֮ͿңһľȻΣѰһô졣
֪ô죬ʬħֶҲ˵ͷһμ
ʬħһεײ֮𷨽˼֣ͷŵϽҲС˺ܶ࣬ܵķ𷨽СһȦ
Ȼڵ֮󣬱㱻ܳǸȻһС֮ķ𷨽磬̾ϢһˣǽӲȥˣ𷨽类ײ֮ʱɥȪһ̡
ҿ˶ڵϵĻУڲϵı任ŷɫޱȣһƬ죬һŭĿյӰѾʼˣƻҲܲסʬħײˡ
ô죿
Ȼ˵𷨽һƣǶ
ˣһܱһȺǿĶ࣬һѵľٴζ˺ϴ辭˺ϴ辭޷סʬħĻֻƴ߻ħΣգõзӡǿˡ
ٲУǾɡ
ûˡ
ʱʬħѾײ˷𷨽һΣܻƵĴССġȻϡޱȣϽ𲧼ѵתš
ײһ֮ʬħ˳ȥеѾʼѪ
һһεĽȾǽշ໯һϢ˻еؿڡ
ٵˡ
ʱȲҾ±ʱɲʬħҽֻħһ¶ħͷҪ췭ظĽࡣ
˰ˡˣƴɣ
վʼ۾һת˺ϴ辭ķĬ˫ֿٵоһůӵＤ˳澭ת֫ٺÿһë׿ʼſ
ҽµʯͷʼ΢΢ȻƮ𡭡


1269 ȡ
һ˺ϴ辭ʼתһʰγһӴΧһпɵĶ
ȻһȻǽ˺ϴ辭ʩΪȷһòΪ̫޷ʩչ
Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬳һƿԼ壬ұͷһۻУϻһڣҪȥ
Ŵԣٴ۾һۣǻڲͣĵѪÿ任һ־о֡
ע⵽ҵı仯۾ʬħŲҵϡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͸оϷһУн²ɳʯ
СŸ硭㡭չֵĺһľЩ⣬ȻܳǿˣҲͬʧɫǶûмҶ˺ϴ辭֪Ŀɲ֮ǰչȴֿԽ˻ɻҵа
ҸûʱӦǣ˺ϴ辭ƻԽԽǿҼɵĽ𷨽֮˵ߵǣҸ޷ֹ
ԥƬ֮ʱľȻ΢΢ͷЩӣһ֣һӡ˹ȥǷ𷨽ʱһڣҿٵı˷󣬳̨һ񱼶ȥڱȥ֮Ƿ𷨽Ļ˲£Ҹ⡣
Ƿ𷨽羡ԶһЩҿٱеͬʱ˺ϴ辭еľ͸ӿˣұУΧɳʯͲ֫ϱ۷׷շЩɳʯѿЩ֫ϱ򱻳ӷۣɢ
һ߿񱼣һߴţԴʬħע
Ĺʬħֺݺݵײһ·𷨽磬ǽһζΧĽâѾҪӽޣϽҲֹͣתָԭĴСеѾ˵ϣȴڲͣļŷ
ʬħȥ֮Ҫײһӵʱ򣬾ͱҵĴһ˫תѪٴζңҷһŭ𣬷˼ײ𷨽磬Ȼת˷߶
ͺãҪľЧͻάֵǷ𷨽磬ٱʬħײһΣ϶Ҫ߽ˣȻ˶Ҫ¾
꣬α֮УҪǵˣһֱƴ·ϱ
ֹͣ˱ܣվԭһ˺ϴ辭ĹѾɹ˳ڣӣܵɳʯϱǿǣ𣬷׷ױѡ
һܹŵĶᱻ˺ϴ辭ɡ
ںҲоκβʣֻյҵظɵʱ򣬲ŻоܵĴʹ
ʬħ첽ұ˹ʮ׵ĵطͻȻͣ
﷢һֺѪ۾´ʬħּĽʬѾһЩ˼άЩͨĽʬֻ֪ɱ˺Ѫܹоգ׹ϵ
ɨһ֮ʬħҲſ˫֣һ㣬һεɢ˿ֲȥүģҲˣʬħɢΪֲ˺ϴ辭ҪݣֱܹϵѪɣԼ
£ܹʬħ
£ҸʬħȡԷĽ࣬ǿ˭ܹ˭ϵ˰ɡ
ĹһҲûУҲӲͷƤϣҲС
ʬħһֶ˺ϴ辭ĿҲ˺ܶ࣬ͺñһͨС׼ʮӣ˼Ҿǳܳ׼ӣͲһġ
һſ֣ǿֲͱ˳ҵ˺ϴ辭ûϵ˹ȥҵ˫վڵϣȴıֲֿ˹ȥ
ٶȻ죬ȴһһĳһʼʮףӹֻ߰Զˣ׵ʱ򣬶ʱоǿĲʸҡ
ѪҺܹԵĸоϵѪܹͣѪҺҪѿƬ֮󣬱ӾһѪѪûڵϣǳʬħȥٵڡ
ʬħ˷ܵķੵĹЦ֮ҵѪо˷ܡ
ҵԾǳƶ˺ϴ辭ҲһֱУȴ޷ʬħϳȡһ
ôǳô
Ȼ䣬ʬħһ֣ǿֲּӴ֣ҽһģվȣһΣͳʬħĻ˹ȥʬħſצӣһ¾סҵĲӡ


1270 ⿪ӡ
ҵӱʬħȥʱеĵһͷǣ군ˣΪĴ˺ϴ辭ʬħҲ𲻵һã˹ȥ
ʬħֶα˺ϴ辭Ҫбֻ˵ѪԼڣȻᱬѿķѣҲǹҵġ
ֻ˲䣬ʬħſֵʱҵĽŲҲ޷ڵվಡһڿն𣬾ͳʬħ˹ȥǿצӣһ¾סҵĲӡ
пֲȻ˺ϴ辭Ҳڼתš
˺ϴ辭ʬħϵһȣͬ԰СӸһˤӣûκοɱԣҪΪҵΪ̫һЩ
סҵĲӵʱʹֱ޷ˣѪҺȫ嵽Ƥ棬ѪܸоϾҪѿµǣʬħȻſѪڣҪҵԴҧ¡
ֲ̫꣬ˡ
һ̣ҧأʹһеķʬ߾㳯ʬħϻѵȥ
͵ʬħĴҪҵԴʱ򣬷ʬڴӡ
ʬ߿Կһа֮ʬħȻҲ⡣
ʬʬħʱʬħ˲һ̣ǻΧɺɷʱʬɣʬħܵ˾޴вʹѵŭ˻һֱӽҸ˳ȥҵӱӳϸߣķڶһͷһŵ˵Ҳмʮף߶ȣһȥҲҪˤ
ѾŬˣ޷ʬħҲûа취ˤˤɣܱȱʬħҧԴǿ
ӷɵһĸ߶ȣҵͿʼٵ׹䣬ұ۾ȴ֮ǡžһ죬Ȼǡ
ǣҵһӲûڵϣ˰֮Уĸ⣬ŵ۾һŷȾҡ
Ҳ֪ǺʱֵģһͬһɺɫɷʬħƵһ޶Ⱦɺɫɷ棬һ˫оٵĶɺɫɷĽ䵽˵ϡ
գұķɺɫɷǣԣȿһۣЩǵ˵СŸ硭û¶ɣ
ҡû¶ĿһŵСȣҧһ촽Ŀٴ˲Զʬħϣʬħղű÷ʬߴһӣŭѣ˿˿ĽŲٴһ̹˰ĳҺֱײ
СŸ硭˺󣡡ȴһӭǺʬħƮȻȥ
Ʈɳȥͬʱȿٵ˼־ΧĿ˲ޱȣںɫҹʬҰĹ㳡֮ϣһʱ䣬˷ͻȻһɫС磬ЩСٵ۳ΣһƬĹᵶң㳡֮ϺܿۻĺɱЩηĳʬħɱ˹ȥҲܿ컯һɺɷʬħɱȥ
ӵй֮ȸʬħԿ˭ʤ˭
ԣǴ˿ӵй֮ȣҲ޷ʬħ⣬ħ֮仹źܴľ룬һʼǽŵı飬Ҿ֪ȿ϶Ƿǳ£ΪңԲ
һ̣ҵۿͻȻˡ
һϻڴܵʹ࣬˿ңϵѪҺʼʹҲڲϵļ˺ϴ辭ûͣһʩչûǿĻԼͣ
ԶȼʬħѹӰɢ
һɺɫɷʬħͼֹʬħҿȵŬ֮£ʬħĽŲȷǷŻ࣬ڲϵĳ߿
ȸȡʱ䲻ˣҵϧ
˰ˣ³ڤгħľģֺγϧ
ǾñĸһЩɡ
뵽һεͦţٵ˼־ʼ⿪ӡڵ֮еħ
ҵռУĴ򷨣һлʹɶȲǡ
꣬СүҲ߻ħѪħƴһѡ
ôСү¹˭
֮зӡǿħһ⣬ҵĵ֮оȼһŻ𣬸һԭӵһ㣬ǳ̵ĺˮ֮еķ˿һǰֱײϴˢҵ壬䡱һ죬ҵʬħһ㣬ҲʼһɷֻɷŨīĺɫɷԩɣ


1271 ű
ٴγ˺һʹǿⵥ޷ܣԲŻ⣬ʵʵĺ
ܹоҵھҵķϵÿһ񾭣ÿһϸ˺һʹʹҲһҺ쳹ء
ԼУҺںҵ֣˻ߣǰչǻСȻһжҪˡ
Ѿħƿס壬ԺߣԩʹధţϢӰţҵĲбѪ
ʱֻҪ¾ѪҲʹҲйʱ˿̵ʹࡣ
Ȼ䣬ҵҲʼ˱仯һֻ۾ĵһƬһֻ۾һƬѪ죬һжǱѪݹһ㡣
ѦҵλүӸ˵ⵤ֮зӡǿ򲻿ˣ˶ΣÿһΣħҵķɾͻԽһεĻкܴļʻ߻ħֵһ˵ǣǿȫǳϢǧ껱ڵΪڵĲľԼлܹĵγһѹЧ
ҪȻ˵ͱǹаռ꣬ħͷˡ
ؼǣһҲܽǵзӡʩչүľѧ˺ϴ辭
ڵǣħһͷųȫ˴߶˺ϴ辭֮ϡ
һ˲䣬˺ϴ辭ĴݻŴϵɳʯɣգۼĹ򣬵϶ȻһˣЩɢĲ֫ϱ۷׷׻ӷۣٵĳʬħ˹ȥ
һֱڸԼһҪһѣǧҪЩԩһſҲħҲҪħˡ
ʶʼЩ㱵ʱӰӰƵĿʬħѾٴγұƽˣȻܵһȦɺɷڿٵƣֹʬħĽŲ
ȡ߿ҳʬħķһ
ƺҵĺܵҴʱ˿̵ı仯˺ϴ辭ܹɵͻҲܹͬɵʬħҲϵĿҲб˺ϴ辭ɵΣա
ԣҺһɤ֮Ͷ㿪ˡ
ûȵʬħǷ˷һ㳯˹ͷųЩʽϵı䣬Щֱӱ˺ϴ辭ֶθ˷ɻңҵĵ֮С
ʬħ嵽һʮ׵ĵطٴθоΣգס˽Ųٴͷųǹǿ˫ٴλȡԷ
һΣʬħ㲻׾ٵĽҸȥˣӣֻǿ֮ڻײ˴˾һֵֽĽ׶Ρ
ҺʬħΪģԲʮ׵ĵطһųתĴűײĺ֮ʱ˿̣ҵʶҲѣʶľͳŻǱһۣάֵǷ𷨽Ȼȴվ˺Զĵطһźǵĳ߿˹
ҺʬħŪ㶯ҲҿǿĶԾ˵Ԯˣһͻᱻɣ˲ʣ
ĿǰҺʬħ֮䴦һֽƵ״̬Ѿħȫͷ˳Ȼ޷϶ʬħγκһв
ʱٵţ˵һƵġ
ʬħҪɵѪ˺ϴ辭ɵһ壬Ȼתõ˺ϴ辭֮С
ƻڳӡ
һʼԣ˺ϴ辭ɵԽԽ࣬תҲԽԽ࣬ģʬħǱƺЩסˣ΢΢ʼб˹
һҧٴηת֮вȡµȫĺɫɷսҲ֮С
ֽӣʬħ˫ɶˣǿĪǣųƶ˹ʬħ˫ڵĦһĹ֣޷ֹ߿
ҿʬħѪ˫ֳ֮һεĿ־壬ŭıţͻȻΰεضͳ˹
Ҳ֪һɺ֮Ҳ˫֣ʬħץȥ
֮䣬ݺݵײһץסҵļ򣬶סӣʽչ˶ԾҪҵѪҪҷ
ϵѪһεķڣʬħϵҲԴԴϵתƵҵϡ


1272 
·ʤ
˭ֵܹһ̣˭ȡյʤ
ʬħŭУҲϼӳ˺ϴ辭ʬħҲҪϵѪȫȻķѡ
ٴ佩һҲ֪һж೤оһôҲһӲһһڴʱ˿̵˵ޱȵļ尾ʹĥ
ŭҲź
Һʬħ嶼ھҵĲ˴ϵཻ֯һ𣬸оųҪȼˣо޴˷ǞųϵĞųŪķݣʵʣѲһĶҺʬħΧͣĿת
ʹѾ˼㣬޷ܣһ̣־һֱҼȥΪЩһ𲢼սֵܣΪʬħ¾޹
һҪȥ
ۡ첻ϴʬħǿ֮£ҵϲϱһŵѪĴɽȻʬħڣʬħԴԴϵӴҲͨҵ˫ֲҵ֮С
ײһɸ߹һɣܵһҶˣΨǰʬħ
ҸоҵʼʬħɢǿҲĻʬħűҲòȥ
Ѫħʼ뵤֮Уתһʱʬħתɵֲ˼ΪʵĸоԭӡڵеѾʼЩӦˣʬħһּųС
͵ԽԽҸо˿̵ϻģȫѪܱ֮ѪʬħȴٽЩѪתϡ
ͬʱҷʬħڲϵСԭһ࣬˿ƺ׶࣬ĳǲ࡭
˺ϴ辭һʬħϵĺɫɷٴ˳ƲҿһɫкɫɷɫĲľɺɷҽİ
ʬħԭײб˿־壬ڲ˻ߵŭƺҪҵ˫֣ȴôҲ˦ѣҲͬ˦
ȴעҪͬھĽࡣ
ҸоԼ˶ҪѿҲʼѵʱͻȻ䣬״һǱʲôסˣȻһĪҳź
ҵӶˣʬħҲڸһ𶯡
ҵ˫ȣҵ˫ֵȴεץסʬħ
Ѿв﷢ˡ๾ࡱĶǣС
ˣҵĶѾḁ̊́µиﱻʬħմȾѪ˫Ƥⱻѿ˿ӣȴоʹ
ΪﴦĸоʹѾڸಿλʹ
ҵĵѾﵽ˼ޣٶôһҾҪԱ
ҸоϾҪŲȥʱͻȻһ˵ԶԶĴ˹ʮּУλɮϽһãٲȾҪˡ
һ䣬öߡಡһͷ϶ʱ⣬һûôһ¶ǵâͺݺݵҵԴϡ
ֻǰһڣʱˮһȥץʬħҲ˿ӾǷ׷ɵһ˳ȥݺݵ˵ϡ
תԴ죬Ҷԩҽеʧвʡ
ҵƤصһͷͺǵԨ֮Уϵ³١
һȥһ˲䣬ҸеʬħһðŻĹޣǶʦ֣͵һԾһſھҧסʬħĲӡ
⣬һɺɷٵ߶ʬħϲƶȥ
̫ˡ
˵Ѿ㲻ʲôҾڵϣԸʹȥҲ۾
ʹͣɤ۸ɵҪð̣ܺһƬʲôҲʲôҲ
ŬҪ۾ôŬ

ѵڤǵطȥİ
״̬һֱãģ߾ʹһϤ⺢̫ƴˣҪʱ֣ƾʬħǿڳȫҪҲðѾ˱ˣڴ˴ѰǼ˵䣬ЩǾʹﶼҪȥȷͷȥ֮߸취ǸϽڵȥɡ
С塭СŸ˵жأܸܲ͸ףҿѪģΪأһ¾߰˰ɣôһ㶯ûУ


1273 ʮ

ղ̾Ϣһ⺢˵̫ˣʱʱѾΣһڣҪǴҳѦҵĵҩסӦˣ߰ѾȥһֱܲȶҶҽҲֻԶһЩ˳ʲôӣǵǽ͵ڵأѦҵλҽƣǿ϶а취ġ
ǡСŸ˳ӣڵǵӰֻҪһ¶棬϶ҪڹУǶˣץס̫ԩһЩһǵ˵
λɷģĺͨڵصʵڲУǿ͵ɹȥĺһߣʱ뿪ֻһ仰顭
˵˭ѾЩֱ治ˣԺУʶٴγȥһ̫ˣŬöû۾ٴλ˹ȥ
һ֪˯˶ãҵʶٴ˹ʱ־һڸɤҪ˻һ㣬죬ˮҪˮ
ˡˣˮи˾һ
һӵĽŲʱһƬеӱ߷豭죬һƬ˽겻ѡ
Ƭ֮ҸоԼӱС׿ʼιˮ
ҿڿʵһ˺ܶܶ࣬һڰϵ㡣
ȹˮ֮󣬶ʱЩŬ۾֮ڽ۾һ϶Ȼǰһȴʣʲô
СŸ硭СŸ硭ںҵ֡
С𾪵СŸ硭Ȼһ˵
˫ֹۣ˺һǰ˼ģģӰһֱãҲſǰˣаչһ԰׵ĻСɡһ⻹мΧҵߣȫϤס
ʶ֮ҲſʱԼһľ״ȫ¶˺ɴɴϻѪ͸˳
˺ܳһʱӦ˿̵ĻȾǾ嶼û֪ģһҲܶ
˺ܳʱŻα˳ģġ
Һ³ڤʬħݺݵĸһܣʱҴ߶˺ϴ辭˷ӡڵеǿǰǿʬħ⣬ʱɣ˴˽֣ȡһѪҲڲϲʳϵպռϷ磬ʬħǸˣʬħ̫޷ܣϾҪѿʱ򣬻еϽ𲧾ҵԴϣǿнҺʬħֿҾͲ֪ˡ
֮˺һʶƬβһһĻָҿһˣſڱǡģ
һſڣŷԼ˻Ƶоһˡ
ҿ˵˶һ㶣ϲչЩ˵СŸ磬ˣ˯ʮ죬ǶΪѲء
Сף˵˵ʲôأһѻ죬СŲǺö˶˵ôа˰չһۣû˵
ޡҳ죬⻰Ͳ˵չЩ˼˵
һЦ˻УСɫ԰׵˵ѪɫѪħֵʱ򣬾ǻ÷𷨽罫һȫķΧ֮ڣʬħüγײʱĻп϶ˣǱϻô
СӾͱˣԼֻʣСû¶һʱͺˣСӹҪʵóһʱˡЩǵ˵
СŸ磬ģĺõÿڣһʮְȫĵҵǵġһҲչ˵
õÿڣ
һ˵ҾС̫ô壬ʱʬħʱǺʨõתˣʱȺ˵УСӵΪߣܵΣȴˣһ¶Ҿͺ޵
أſʵ
ղű˹ǵģȥˣ˶˺üˣÿζ޹չ
ѾʽӹĺĺİλȨأڱнҲžصĵλҲҽ̫ˣûĿŵѣ죬ӦþͲˣҲԺúõϢһʱ䡣ȻҲ
ĺλãһҲ⣬ĺĸˣ³ڤҲҵˣΨдܵΡ


1274 Ϊ
Ϊ˲ôĻթǸΪԼ棬ʲô鶼ĳ˶ۿΪԼֵʨ˻ӣʬħһҧԴ
Ҫһǧ˹ƣʬħ֮Щ˹ƶӲĶ֣¹һʮǵľ
˿˶ö˶˵ĻڴˣҲŶ϶ʬħչҵˣʬħιҵģȴö֪
ֻǵõұеϽ𲧴Դǿж˺ϴ辭ʱʬħţֻСһȦ
ǣұһ£ʱιȥ֮ʬħιҵġ
һʣ˱˵һԵʮ˷ܡ
һһ֮ҲŽȥ
ԭʱҺʬħֲ£ҵֿҪʱǱǰչϵľβǰɫ˨סҵ˫ȣҪҺʬħǿзֿҺʬħ֮以ɣѷᣬ޷룬ҴΪǣߵ۷˻нϽ𲧣߶ҵԴϣŽҺʬħǿзֿ
Ͻ̨ɽθɮùķ̨ɽɽ֮۾ʦ˻УϽɮµӳ֣ޱߣҲǿаһǿԣϽҵԴϵʱ򣬲һ½Һʬħֿ
ߣΪߣʱҲûˣ߶Ͻ𲧸ܽϽ𲧵ȫչֳԲЧ
ÿ֣յʱѾûܹҺʬħǿзֿ
˵һҶûʲôӡ֮һ϶Ź߶ƶһ̯ŧѪŻ
˵Ļܣĺ֮
ʱұϽ𲧴֮ͻ˹ȥɻǵãһȥ֮ǰҿ˶ʦֺȳˣʬħûӡ
˿Ҳŵ֪ʱұϽ𲧴֮ʬħѾڵĲˣȻûйҵʵ룬öʦֲ֪ð˳һҧסʬħĲӣڵĿʳҲʱ֣ɺɷʼʳʬħ־
ʱȺͶʦͬʱ֣ҲЩסʬħȥԮ֣˼ŽɫķסʬħСʱ䣬ʦֲŽʬħһ⣬СȻҲ˲ٺôҵǬ˱֮УҲûг
üһ㵽󣬺ȺͶʦմ˲ٱˡ
ʬħʶ־ʦʬħ
ʬħҲ̺ʮǿģʦָ֮󣬹Сıֵó٣˵õо
һ˵ҶԸʬħҲ㲻ÿȺͶʦֶ˲ٺôܵõô͸ҵõôһ㣬һֱСһﶼҵұۡ
һսһг䶨֮ȫ˺ۣ˵ľкü
һϹ̽ףν׹ϹѾһ
һҲ޷
ɲ׶ס³ڤߣز𣬴˿̣ȻҲˣҲԶĵطһֱңȴ˵һ仰˿ƱҲòȥ
о͸˵ˣά˷𷨽ôãҲˡ
ţǼ֮УͰչ˵һСҲǼ֮Ϊһһֱͦ⻹һ޷뵽Ľ
СӶ֮һΣζͬһˣ˶֪Ǹ˵˭һǽүү˹
һΣչҲҽ͹Ѱ֮Ѿŵͬų߷Բ֮ڵĹ޻߾壬éɽҲУéɽ֮ΪΪɵ֮Щرǿ˵ģһҪڻԵɺ֮²еͨǵչүүеʱܹչ֮һ΢ϵܹ˲Զǧڰչϣ¾вͨˡ
ԴԶкܶҲ֪ı£ǲСӢ
ҽɨһվΧЩˣһ˲ڣһĸܳǣһ֮£֪ܳѾ뿪õÿڣܼң飬ܼѾҳһţүӱȥٴ֣ܼҵҵٵĵһжʼš


1275 
һҵʶٴαģ壬˻˵ŻҵԴ֪ģȻֻ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ֹ֪˶ãٴ۾ʱ򣬷һ˶ûУҲ֪ȥ
һ֮ԵĸоҵЩ֪ˣһһƬޣʲôӦ
ʱһζԸʬħ˵ɣ
һεܵشһĳΪһˡ
ѦҵλүӲٸ쵤ˡ
뵽ҵǲѣǼһڣʬħƴʱҾûһܻ
βЩ֪о˼
ЩһֱǣάӪ彥ָĳЩֿˡ
һ˶ûУҸɿһҪһк˹
ֻǿһ£ű㱻ˣźɫװĺӿ첽˹ҵߣһޱȹ˵үˣʲôԸûУ
˶ȥˣ˻Ƶʵ
˱˴˶һۣһ˱үλүȥáȥˣʲôҪ顣
ʲô飬ǲ鷢ɻ
ǸԵЩִ˵СľͲ֪ˣСݵ΢ֻǸտүģִ飬СǶûʸ֪
ܲܰһæһҵֵܹҿ˵
õģСհ죬үԵƬ̡˵ţӱ˳ȥš
˴Լӣܿ죬ٴαˣչһ˹ɫЩţǺܸ˵ģһСŸ磬һ˯죬ͦ˯ģоЩûУ
öˣʲôǶˣ϶鷢ɣʵ
ǸĵԼˣô࣬Ǳ˵׼ˣȷ鷢ǱǱڸ飬ĺаŵ̽ӣǸһһҧǾõÿڣڱĴ˱Ǳߵĸ߶ӣйĴг棬ҪЩӴ½׽ù鰸ʱ򣬾ͻдõÿڣҪ﷭һ췭ظԣǾҪתˣٹһƹĸǾ͵ˡչҽ͵
ڣʵ
ԣ̣ϣĺڹҲߣλͣ´ϢԸղ˹ȥ飬ڱܸӣһ𣬶ұĸֶϴˣո˰ȣҲҸӲǱҪ뿪չֵ
һ䣬ٴαƿ˺ܿۼڣ׷׳˹һأбõĺİ
һңǿϵܣˣչ˲ܣһ
Ҹߵİչ˵
չһ£ɫȻ˵ЩʲôҹִĿ£ǽҴӴĲ
֮󣬱㽫еߣɫ
ڣ֪ϵкָ̣˵
ղŵ飬Ҷչ˵ˣ֪תƵʲôطʵ
ĺڱǵһɣõÿڶҵţڱԴõһСͷǵطǵˣǻᰲ͵ɻش½һҶźˡ
۾ֵ㲻ˣʲôаɣ
˵һ죬Щŭ˵ϵܣ˵Ǻ⣿ѵҺǲɣĳ֮ĺıȫλİģλмʲôģ
Цһɲ˵ҿۿʨβġ
ֱ裬ɫʱͺһ㲻˵
ڴ˵λһˣΪĺİȻеģ֮㲻ӣҪһ棬ϵҩˮΪ뿪˴˴Ϳڱˡ
һ£ҳֵΣԺܼҾͽչˣԺκһʧҶ㿪ɱˣĺһΰôģҿŪҲͬŪ㣬֪
ɫˣֻ˵
ٴαʵ㻰أˣ


1276 ת
ɫһһôǰһӶûиȻҲסͱ˵Ŀע£ջǷһ֣ɫүܷģֻҪĳţܼڱԲᷢκ飬ĳĳĻʵүʱȡĳ޶
ãϣܹ˵ҳ
˵ʱܱûһĿɨȥʱ򣬷һһжĿңҧ촽˵
ˡûʱڴ˴ǰӦúܿ͵ˣǸϽ뿪˵Ȼ˳ĬЩεգͻȻ˵
չĽҴӴϲȻϡ
ɫҲһЩ첽ߵ˵ǰ棬˵λ
˵Уһ˾͸󣬳ңһȥ֮󣬱һȣ֮еʩʮȫеƣзװãʱǲһһ֯ĵطôϽ
ҵ岻ܶȫ»ʹֻɰչţһ˿첽ȵľͷȥȺܳƺ䣬ʮ֮˳һ̨ȥ˳һݾѾһӲݴĻĽҰ⣬ߵһһܣв߶Ӧڴ˴źõġ
Ǹճǿݾ֮źɫװĳ˹ֵμ
Ӧһź𣿡
һа׵һ˵
ǿʼжɡ
һ˱Щ뿪һֱţǵӵĳһǵطźüǺɫıۡ
ҡչлȫֿһ˱ŵһֿΪ˷ɢĿ꣬ϳ
ˣһȻȫ
ԭĺİ³ڤܼ֮ҸĺĶԹ˽ᣬֻ֮ǽԹֻҪĺﲻܼҵ鷳ȻҲ޷֣ʱһĸױȳ֮󣬺ܿ۷ܼңܼҵճҲٲ˵߶ԣܼҵѾȫΣգһȻǱײҲû˻Ϊǡ
Щڵˣݲ岻˵ڱɱôĺˣǰʱ仹˽֣ǼˣǴڵع飬¶ɾͲһˣǴס˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬˵ֱӰǵҲһ
ԣǱҪ㿪Щ˵ѰһҪ뱦ش½
ȥ֮󣬱ɣƾΣ˾ͱ޳Īˡ
ǵĸݵأǵ
һֱ͵˳ϣĺ˼䣬۷˻ȥ
ˣĻǱ裬Ҳܹòһ˹ƣǹƶ֮һϵǧƿԽҲֳʲô۶ӳ
ǸһȻ֮ϵ˱뿪˴۷˻ȥ
ڳϣȫĺЩ˴·ɫװóƤ߸ݣƤṩģһ㣬ѦС߸ǵǼƤƤ̫ԶϲϸҲѷֱ
õĺȫǸŪƤߣÿ˶Ūһ֤ĶԴݡ
Ū֮ĺЩ˱㷢˳ӣԴصķʻȥ
ĳܹĸˣڡ
һ˳֮ԴͻԴ֮Ҿر׷ӻܶ
һЩĺˣʮֿչмӣܹǵ֮п˳ӣǿҵҲǳ˾ηзֺĵ
Ͼҽħ֮³ڤɱģ˵Ӱλ涼ǿȭͷģΪˣЩĴۡ
ϳ֮Ҿͻ˯ˡ
ٴ۾ʱ򣬷ɫѾתͷһŵǸĺˣʵλֵܣģ
үǻмʮ͵Դˣһ·Ƕ˳ʮֿ˵
ӦһͨӾź濴ȥӺŵļ
ȻҽĿջأǰһξ룬һɲӾͣǰһ˵ãǰǹˡ


1277 
һɲҵԴһαϣҺñĺ˸סˡ
סӣǰһǰʮ׵ĵطһ·ϣ·ϵΧվʮˣĸǴűͦװģһǹЩˣ˶ǺǹʵƷıԱ
һǵĳͣ£Щ˱첽߶
ϵļ˶ԵЩ֪ôˡ
һ·϶ܰȣû뵽ϾҪĿĵˣȴͻȻǡ
һȻɣǲĺ߳ʲôϸǵٸ¶ˡ
Һܿ͵ԼܻţͬʱҲѳϵļĺҪֵҪ¶ʲôų
ǵĳͷһЩ˺ܿ쵽˳Աߣһ˺ܲ˵ܼͣ飬ȫ
ʻϵһ˴˳ţ˳ʾ˵ʲôˣ˵ͼ飬Ҳʲôˣĺõġ
һװĵļһǰһЦһľĺˣ֤óҲȫ³
˵䣬ʮȫװľԱȫΧ£ǹڶ׼˳ӡ
Ƭ̣˶˳ӣҲһĺ˸
ӻȫϣһûС
Ҹո³չͻоʹյҵߣҲıòǵ;ֹ֮Уһܹ׾ٵϳġ
пңϢĴһ˳ָ˰չһЩ
һһֱǱѦС߸ҵлɢԱʱóá
һЩ˱˴㣬һԸⶫԸǡ
Ǹ֮䲢ûʲôޣŸǽѪܲɱûǲɱ
ܿ죬˶ۼһЩȫװıԱΧм䣬ĸ飬һó֤Ǽ顣
ǰļĺ˿϶ûɶ⣬ҵ֤ҲģΪҴ˿̴Ƥ߾ĺĳ˵ݣȻƲʲô
鵽ҵʱһ´ۣЦʵ㿴˵ĲᰡôŪģ
λĺεøǰЩʱոЩ½ƴˣ͸ȥ̨˵ġЦ˵
Ȼǹƺô׷Źǣɫһ䣬ֵ˵Լû𣿡
Ǹĺ㲻˵ˣЩǵĿҡ
Ҹɿһ˵λѣи㣬ȷʵǱ½Щ˴˵ģȥ̨ˣĻϵʽպصл
һſڣǹ˱üͷһһֵ˸ץ
һ䣬žˣóͿʼҪҡ
һãȻ¶ʲô
ҲûзǽҸĺЩ˶ʱˣ׷ǰգȴЩǹʵǹ˻
ʱ˰ҵǸļһ˵СӣɻأĿͲǱĿһǴӴӴ½ģ
һ£ִЩȫߣɴץһǧɷŹһ
ҲȻڣȻڵضͬͬԴ˵ĿȴԶ˵ôһſھͱ˸ʶˡ
˵䣬Щ˺ͺǹʵľԱ׷ΧҪʮ˸ˡ
ڴʱҸߵĻʹһɫͷӦ˹չһͬʱ֣елɢ˿
лɢһʱٵĽôһƬ˶Щĺˡ
ڻкͰչֵʱ˷Ӧ˹һȥЩĺ֮ҲоģҲĸлɢַΧ
Щ˺Ǽ֮⣬ΧЩ˷׷УֻһΣȫĵ˵ϡ
һһ˱㾪ãǹǴӴ½ģϽ֪ͨԮ
˵ţһ˾ֻ׼Ҫ绰
ʱ򣬻кͰչ㳯׷ȥļûблɢ鵹ˣҲϽȥԮ֡
ڰչ׷ȥͬʱҿһ׹ӰչƮ˳ȥֱֵǰ棬ܿʹһš
ãЩ˲ûڴ˴̫ĸ֣⼸ǻȫܹӦ˵ز˾Ѿ¶ˣҪתƲС
ôһĹ˾ͱβó


1278 ϴ
չ˵һ֣лɢͳ˹ȥһͷ׷׵˵ϡ
ĸֱ㱻ǼĺץӾͳߣ˵ϡ
лɢһûУҴʱò˶١
˼Ǳסˣŵĺܣһ˵Щ½Уıӵˣ˶Ҷһǵˣһú
չƢܵǸ˴ӵҿ͸ӣŭƨǸûهNɪŲŪ㣡
ҷ˾Ƿ飬չѵһ£ʱûƢͷȥ
ҿ˵ǹֻǲԼ鷳ˣǸ˴ƨһǣ治ǿˣĺ³ڤǶɱãƼˣǹҲɱ󣡡
ɱ̫Եʣһεɱһ˵˶ʱɫҸҵĿӣҸչʹһɫҩЩȫŪ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ǽȫ˳ӣרųСУƿмصĵط
ԴغܽһƬȫһ£ͷжĺ˴ȥõĵط⼸ųӳһطʻȥתƹע
ҺͰչ·ȫֻԼͷԴؿ첽С
ߵ˴ϣ˳⳵㵽Լõĵط
طԴؽһгɢŨŨζһĺ˴һ绰ܿ˹Ӧǡ
Ӧǵԭĺÿڵһ֧ţ˳ķͷ͹⣬ӹĹĵģ˵Ҳжٶ࣬רԴصĺ⣬Žϴ󣬲ְһ⣬ǡͷ
νͷרŸ𱦵͵ɵ½طһͷͷصЩϵ
ϴһǣֵʮֿĸǺѡ
һ֮󣬱㽫תƵһطһרŷŶһⷿڿⷿĺһܲ۵Сӡ
СʰʮָɾӦǸոձɨĲҲʮ
ǰŵ֮ϴЩ˼˵λү˼ˣЩªֻܴպס죬õĵطҲУĲĺϣֻίһˡ
ѾܺˣлϴҲ˵
չʱɻϴ󣬽㲻㰲뿪𣿡
ϴЩ˵λүǲ˽ڵڹѾ˸ۿͷѲߴҲ˲٣йϵҲʹˣҪٵȼ죬ȷͷһϰŴǻش½Ҳأ˺ü⣬
Ǳʾ⣬ʾлϴһ·۳Ͷ٣˵ԵƬ̣һ;Ʋ˹ӡ
ֺһϴתˡ
ȴ뿪֮󣬰չͻжЩ̫ģΧֿת˺üȦϤ·ߣʱ˸ˣܵ·Ī
ͳ˾֮˭̫ţ⣬һлÿԼ
˻֮󣬸˵һߵ˵ﻹ㰲ȫֿܶмأǷӵһһңרŸΧһʲôܹǰ֪
ûãϴ˾ƲˣڷһӣҲĶˣңʮһֱΣûôԹڰһ
ϴҲǳԺȣܴһܳԵһӣ̾Ϊֹ
СӾǸԻ
𿴴˳ĺʵͷһһֻǳԳԺȺȣǵһҲʣǾϿ
㷹֮ϴ뿪ˣǰסһϢ϶ϰ뿪Ҳ顣
ȻУ¶Ҳżá
ڵңϵͬһˣʵǲ˽ֻ͡
ͲһˣҲ֪ܲѣﲻ⻹Щ㷲
α֮УҲȷѪˣǼʶͳɳ࣬չǼĲУ˵ͷһθҳͼʶĴ̣Ժ˴ţҲʱˡ
ʱҲһ飬չζͬһޣչӦ֪ʲôˣ£ѰŸչصĹޡ


1279 ӽ
չûʲôģʼֱӸ˵ˣ˵Ǹ޵ֽҶѾжʮˣ˵ҲǻԵɺϣǹ߹չԴصˣһнһŽӽʱڱʮһθƴʱ򣬱ˣա
ԼһΪǷľԼãһвûдԼĺӣҲûиʲôҵһ˹ʵ
ҪΪĶӸܲʺУȥʱӻСҲǺòá
ʱչ⽭ڻžӽչһļˣܹһЩάƵĻ߸һǮòˡ
չΪ˾ˣ붼ûʹӦ
˴£չͶ˼˵Ѿ˵طȥǼҿһЩ飬ӦܲŲʣҲȥ
Ӧһ˼Ƭ̣ҪǾӽȻЩ壬ζˣҲ࣬һʱҲﲻʲôæɣһҸһ绰ЩǮܼڱǸеǮ¶͸ŵѪ
չЩ˼ȴСװ𲻺˼Ǹ缸Ϊ飬ԶǧƵطüζˣҪǮʲô
㣬չӦ
ʱ䣬һֱܳĬҲƺصԵʣɫ԰׵ֻҪһͶ΢˫ĿһڵģҲ֪Щʲô
Һһɲ۾ңʲôӲǺܺð
ҡҡͷ˵û¶ֻĹȣҪҴơ
ɵķܾʲôǡ
ǴСطһ죬ϴÿ춼ͳͺȣʮֿûҪߵ˼Ҳôߴ٣ÿԴ
һֱڶϣҲһ飬ڸǽܵǸֲĸ˸Դһδнȳ֮ǾͷֿˣҲ֪Ρ
뵽Ҿʹֻ绰ȥʺһ¡
ϣֻһ򿪣δӵ绰һ
һһһִۣ绰˻ͦ࣬үүġƺͽӴģҲҴ˺üΣҸеǣȻҴĵ绰
ĻУ̫Ҫˡ
ҿүүҴǼ绰֮ҵ͡⡱һ£ڱЩ飬үүǱ߿϶ǵõϢ
үӱȻҪӵˣڴ½ھˣܵڣզأ
үӿ϶뷨
ĵ绰ҿɲһأٲҪѵǱ߿϶ҲĪѹ
ڵƺͽӣȻҲõ߽ĺ³ڤɱ˵Ϣȷġ
˵һÿڰ飬ǳһЩ鷳Ѿһħ䡣
κòڱһƾͼˡ
ӶֳҶǲڵҪҡ
Ѿͷҵȷûɶ˵ģ֮ǰѾѧУѧȥˣŮǲǣܶò
ȥһǸһ绰ȥ
һӵҵĵ绰ʮּһ֮ҾǱߵôˡ
˵һжˣһĺ˹ϵԺڱõ㣬һлҵĹϵ
Ҵ绰û뿪ûеĻ߿Ը취ܲͨڵĹϵȥ
УѾߵͽܼһ㱨ˣߵҲܹģʲô󣬲ϧһдȫϡ
Ҷʾ˸лȻ˵Ѿһʱ뿪תͨ绰㣬Ÿһȥӷϴ
ûʲôطСӻͦصġ
˵绰֮Ҿͽֻٴιػ
ٴЩԺľ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬߾ˣװ֮һϴġ
ֵٴμ棬һΣǼ˽ܼҴˮ֮оһûбģֻĸмеģΪҲǸϴ˵ϣ˾ͻὫѲߴ룬Ҳ뿪ʱ


1280 Ԫն
һܹһҲʮֲף˵ܼҵҲвٹѲӣ˴ССܼܼҵһһһǶĺܽ
һĸܳҲ̫ͨү֮ǰһЩϵǱߵ˴ͨ˹ϵЩ޵˵ϣܹù߷һܹȫĻصڵء
ǹǱߵ̬ȴʮּûаͨڵ˼һҪЩ׽ù鰸
ʵԭܼ򵥣Ǿս˹ȨǱнĸֱ仯ĺǱһ֯³ڤǷӹƵģǱɱ֮ΰƺôʣùһЩмΪŭԲŸڵľ档
ţǴйأץס϶ûʲôùӳԡ
һĿе֪飬ǲٴ
ǧǶ˹ȴ߲ˣôô
ҪõʱȻǣӲȥǾƾڵ״һС䣬Ҫҵ
һ˵һڵ֮һֱڵüͷ˵һʱûβ͸Űɣ
һܷģǼдܵһֱͨ棬֪Һܿͻȥǲᷢҵġ
ɵ˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣ŵںˣ˿϶׵ľô뿪ɻȥ϶вͨˣֻʣһ·Ǿߺ·Ψһİ취͵ɻȥһΪţϽ󲿷ֵѲߴ뱦ۿͷǷ˼ǣҪ߳ڽԣ⼸컹ǲܳȥ뻹Ҫ̣Ѿ˱ļ󣬹Ǳߵ˲Ż½䱸
ô˵λϲˣϴʵ
϶ߣֵµһ̽ûй˹ȥ飬˹ˣǾ֤ҵƶûдġɫ
뷨Ͼϴ̽̽ʵ׾ôһҲ͵
ϴ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣϺҹʱ򣬾³̽̽硣
֮ϴͳȥˣҪ򵥵İһ¡
㲻˵ǷľҲʮϵǵĹǣ˶ҲʮֵΡ
һһǼ˼ӡ
Ҫȸһ͸һ磬˵ǻصڵ֮һҪһ飬ǾȥկһϪӽǻƤŪøѦСˡ
ڴ£һظ˵׼ûʲô⣬֤浽ֻһʱ䲻Уϴν׺ɱ³ڤʱˣҪһʱ䣬λϹҲ˵Ĳᡣ
Դˣұʾ⣬ֻǺ󻰣ܲӳһ¶ֻҪǰкѡ
ָһҪһЩǮƣãҲòǮֻΪǾӽ飬չ˼Σл϶Ҫеġ
һˬ죬һпݸ˰չ˵⿨̨ңʹЩĻ绰תһЩǮȥ
̨Ҳ֪ܻңоҲˣӦùˡ
Щ飬ǾһҴ뿪ˣһʲô飬ϵ
ߵʱһ˵ʱ绰չİĵ绰룬ǲҪ棬ΪоܼҸͨѾ˸סˣҪ绰Ҳֻȥİֻϵ
˵֮һҴȥ
һûãչҲȥˣʱҲûʲôҪ飬չȥҾӽĺˣпǣҲһ¡
չߵʱ򣬻һƤߣƤŵƷʮֱ棬ŴҴȥ
ǸҪСģһʲô飬ϵϴ֪ͨǡ
һֱʮ֣չ˳ظ˻
İչʮָˣﻹһɫĺӣһоӭȥҵӽĺûС
չ˵ҵˣҵļˣһһ֮ϲ
˵ţչʹ̴ľӣϣǼ˴չȥһǺﾹȻһֽϾɷƵĹ飬д˼֡Ԫն
Ȿ飬Ǽ˶⣬ʰչô¶
չ˵Ǿӽĺתҵģһڽؼ


1281 Ȧ
˺һչŸǽ˵ȥҾӽĺˣշת˺üطҵ˾ӽļңǼѾưܵĲˣǾӽĶӶѾʮ꣬иʮӣ⸸Դصһũóгĵطˣʮ׾ݡ
չҵӽĶӵʱһ۾ϳӽĶ˵ǰΣ˵һĺǣȻҶҵĹͣд佫լһתչ
˵¶˶Щ档
ӽϵչ϶ҪȥǼҵģԲǰθĶӡ
չ㽫һпת˾ӽĶҶңҶҼȻͦ־ģԼǮգչֻúƭ˵Ǯϵǰģ˵үүӽĹϵܺãһֱ֪Ǽңòҵ¡
һ˵Ǿӽĺ˲ŽŽɵ̴ľת˰չ˵Ǻûд򿪹Ҳ֪װɶ
չǮ˾ӽĺ֮󣬺ܿͱźӻˣ·ϴһ˺ŵľȻǾӽеĽһĽףԪն
һգӽڰչϵʱӽʹù⽣ĺܣѰУһбֱָҪ֮ڣ㽫ĺﻢƵ˾չԪնΪȻµͻơ
Ǹֵø˵飬ÿչ֪ͼûǾӽУҪȻҲ˼ҵĽ
ּͦɻģӽǰΪߣڱӦҲǸһľѧǲӣҲǿԵģΪȴҪ˰չأ
Ȼչȴ˵ȥӽĺ˵ʱ򣬷ֲҶҸǲôҲʺУǾӽΪʲô⽣״õԵʰɡ
ߣĽƽӽǸ˶ֵʱ򣬸˶ģ϶ҲϣԼԼ·
˵չһҲ׬ˣС
Ҳһ㣬һڣԺǲһҲ˵̺תɮһЩԼѾһʲôֻǻû·
ߵľҺˡ
ˣҪһЩ¶ȥˣҵƲûԵĺת΢ܹһˣǵտҲ޷Ҳ֪ǲķϵˡ
¶Ҹȥ룬Ҳܶ룬ֻรȥѦҵλүȥƣʲô֢ᡣ
λү˵ⵤзӡǿ򲻿ˡ
ҲûǵȰ˵ڶԸʬħʱ򣬻Ȳ˳һ˺ϴ辭һõģҲû߻ħΪʲôҲö֪
תۼ䣬͵˵ڶϣϴһˣ˵ڸۿںͷѲߴѾˣɳȥѾˣһжƽϾʹ˹ȥˮûʲô뷨
Ȼûʲô뷨ֻǶСһЩòҪ̫˹ȥ˹С
ϴ֪һ뿪ˡ
һֱڶ糿ϴź֣˵Щ˵Ȧףɳȥ˸뿪ͷСʱͱѲߴץһţ˺ʹȫûˣڴϲû͵ɿͣ鵹ǲѰ죬Ӧܹܿų
Ԥϵǰ㣬ڽ˼ԻǣϹء
ԣǱ뻹óסȼС
һ۵ĹǾϴط˰µĹ⾰˵ƽĶࡣ
Ҳܹ򵥵Ļ£˲߶
ڼ䣬绰ϴʺǼҲڱ˼ţǰΪС˶ʮء
һҲһΣ̽һǣ˳ָһһ£ǹǾӽĺ󱲵ʱ򣬵뿪֮һҪһ£Ҷҵչ˵Żһŵĸܱгǿ˺ܶࡣ
ⶼС¶ܼҼҴҵ󣬰ŸֻСһ붼ûʹӦ
ڼ䣬ϴɳһҴ˺ȫĵִ˹򣬲ûĺ
ǹΪѾͨ;뿪˰ɣԶǵͷ
Ѿǵ뿪ʱ䡣
ϸǵѾˣѾ＾ڣٹҪˡ
ǼЩˡ


1282 Ʋ
ĥ˼ʱ䣬иϢͨϴߴ˹һǱ߹ȥӵѾȫˣĺǱҲûڼӣһжָƽ˾
̶ЩʱգѾĺ£ԼУνֶΡ
ڵĺǲͬԪˡ
ܹóĶ֣ҲֻһˣЩĺвֺͶ֣ҪôɱҪôͱħ֮³ڤɱˡ
ʣµЩѾûз֮ǲҲֻš
飬ȻϣڱԽԽãҲܹסܼң֪ڱĺһ֯ҵҲǿڱγ㶦״̬
ۿǳ䶨ˣɻǲģϴһ˺һ͵ɿͣȷһʧ֮ǲŴ뿪
뿪ʱҲҹ֮ϴרŸǰһСĸ͵һεͷ
ǸͷһͰźõĴ
⴬ۣǴõ洬ȷʵͦġ
洬Ĵһв㣬ռ䲻̫ܼȥʮˣĸͱв֮С
װǰѷһЩʹþߣҡ
ǽȥ֮󣬷⴬յļа֮л߰˸ˣҪӱ͵ɳȥԱ
Щ˶ڱ飬òȥɶĶУɱ˷Ż˽ϴ˵зģڱصľͨͨתƵڵȥġ
ԴˣϴǱǸ⣬˵ʵû취ЩҲǵˣҪͳȥ͸һˣ׬㻨Ǯ
˵ǰŵطȷʵզأһ̣֮ǰǵ½ˡ
ǵûоﲻãӳȥͲˣ˭ںࡣ
Ϊ˱ϴԻǳȥصͷѲߵĺЩϵÿ궼ҪϹܶǮģǹ˹һСʲô⡣
㣬˾ͷұչŽǸв㣬вͱ˸ˡ
ƵĿռ֮ڣʮˣڡ
ڽĵطһͰ˭뷽⿪Ӿطֲͨ磬ζͱˡ
̣Ūƣоѡ
ϵƱûãζһѬʱ
չˣʱüͷҪֹЩ̵ˣҸסˣҡҡͷ
ҪͲҪˣСʧ
ģûһƲĺܣŸʲôͻ
չΣֻա
в֮ûãܿˣطǺ
һ˴ҾϮԺ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãͻȻһҽоѣ۾
žͿΧһ۾ڴܣͷѪ󻹽Ͱʺһζ꣡
ֱô޵ˡ
üͷһԵİչô¶
չСĸҽ͵ղһ򣬲С۾еϣ۾Щˣ䣬˵һٶһģϴ˵ķģˣŵĺܡ
ղһ̣ŪżвŻƵģôˣȷǹŵġ
չ˵ʱﶼһ˿мȥһˡ
¶Ҳܣʲôˣҧһëʲô¶
Ǻ飬Щȥˡ
۾дһ˵Եʵʺ򣬲ԾͻҪ
˶ԹۣһԺٺٵЦȫһֵ
۾µȥ죬ģ˷һȴģһǳһëݸ߸ӱýŲס۾еԴȥԵϵH֮
ʹˣҪô˵˸ֱӾʹҵĵߡ
ҸҪſ˵ЩʲôһͿȥˣɿһͻȻ˵ֵܣɱ˲ͷأѾˣҲ˴ǾͷһɣܹһҲס
һ䣬ϳһëļһתͷһЦĿ˻УƦƦ˵ĸǿû¶˳ӵ¶ҲҹܣĲͷ𣿡
⻰һڣǼ˵Ŀⶼǡһëϣиǡ䡱һվŭղ˵ʲôɸ˵һ飡


1283 
һëڵĻУмЦһͻȻ˺󱳣һ½һλεǹ˳ָ˻еԴôͦᣡôţӾ˵أ˵ĸǿҰ֣û
飡
һëĻûü˵꣬ɰȭͷֱӴϣһֻ˳һһëеǹԼС
еȭͷһëϵʱһ˸оĶ
Ǽһݿ϶ǵ˲٣ǹҲ𻨺һȭˡ
Ǵ˻еĵߡ
бһ¶̨ɽסֻ۾ʦ֮УΪŵӣ֪ĸĸ˭֪Լǣⲻ˿軨еĸĸ
ǡҰۣ֡ڻ˵ӦΪɻġ
Ҳŭˣܵһ־һݵġ
ЩΪԼǵͷմȾ˼ΪԼôţˣȴԶ֪͵ССһռаȴҪֳ۾иڳλҲû
ֻɫͲ
ǶǻڵģǼ˻ĲĽ
ȷѪĽ
Ҫ֪ڱɱ˶ˣƽǰ˸ӣҲǰš
һȭȥûȻˣǳһëļһﲻ֪ǱиһȭˣǸ˹ȥ֮ǿڱѪ²ʡ
һԼͬ鱻ˣ˵ͽ쵽˺󱳣ҪǹʱһԵİչһΣ㵽˵ߣһΣذףֱ˵Ĳϡ
ô𶯣ľ͸ʵһչв
ŭδһëǰǹ˫ţһֱӽǰǹˣûˣǹڶգֱӳһ
˿׷׾һ겻ѡ
չס˲ӵҲɵۣ׷׾˫֣˶
ǹ֮󣬻һݺݵĶһ￴һۣһƨ˵ذϡ
ǱˣǼһĺĺôϻʹ
ϻûʰˣչذףɨһȦʵһڵ԰֮ǰ˭ٸҸ飬ҾŪ˵Ƕԣ
ڰչɱĿע֮£˶׷׵ͷȥڲϵҲ׷׵Դ
չջ˵ҲûսǱǹֱӾԭء
֮ûǵǹΪչţǻûаγǹʱǾѾˡ
ߺ֮ͨĲ̫ˣǴٶϻϡ
ɴ⣬æͷ˵˼۷ȥǱдһëУؿڵģǼһû
ϻˣɱһȭȥСӵԴǵô˲ɡ
ղǸ۾мǾæ˹ͷлллл⼸λҡллǡ
һһǣʱһʺζӭѬǼס˱ӣչֵԶһòлֻǿǼ̫˶ѡ
۾еʶȤæ㵽һٵĽԼʼ
Сһ֣Һһ飬æߵİչڵˣ˯˶೤ʱ䣿
չóֻһ˯ʱ䲻Сʱǲ쵽ˣҲ֪ˡ
ӦһһͻȻ䣬ͣҲֹͣǰ
Ǽ˶һ֪ʲô顣
ʱŵļа屻ˣϴһ½Դ̽˽Щŵ˵ˣкˣǶʵһ𷢳ҪȻԸ
˵仰֮˱㽫а·һ
ŴԣǵĶͻͻ벻ǹ˰ɣ
⺣֮ϣĴˣӵĵطûУ¿鷳ˡ
ΧŵļҲ۷׷һ˵һġϴĴܰȫĺйϵЩ˾Ӧ£µġ
ԸɡһЩҹҾ͸ƴˣһ˺޺޵С˵
ڴʱа洫˽Ųǳ߹ģ˻١


1284 а
ڼа洫һ춯ڷʲô
Ƭ̣ϴЩΨΨŵŵ˵磬㶼ˣʲôûУͷ߰ɣҸίԱϵҪȻҸίԱ绰˵˵
Ǹϴ֮Ϊ˴Źǻ˵ϴ󣬲Ҳӣ麣ıȽϽֵҲûа취ȫй£ϴൣ
磬ҵһ⣬ţ⣬ȥ϶ȾƣʱТǾôŰɣ̧ͷͷġ
ϴƺǸĲǮ
ӦǽˣЦһϴαôǶѣȻǾ˰ɣǣˣ
л磬ȥҵ绰һҪ͹⡭ϴǺЦ
ɡӦһʹŴ뿪
̸аڵͬʱһоա
һͷȥʱ򣬷ֱкͰչʰѾǹ˳
Ǹдȥļһﲻ֪ʲôʱѾ˹ֻϧǹиˣɫδ򻨺еη塣
ֻû뵽ǣЩ˸ո뿪аĺûãԶһʮȵȡ
ѲӡѾˣʲôûУϴˮģʲô⡣
˼˼ֶ̣ǮǲһλϴΪ˶ʱϴ˵˻
ѲǸʲôģǶɵٴĵ
֪Σϴܹܲһء
аٴαĽǹֱ˸ӺͿ
Ҫټһ飬һʲô©ءѲԱ˵
Ѳӣʲô˼Ǹ缸𣿡ĶʱЩˡ
ǲţʱܽţͷѹҲܽһ˲÷ŵˣǳԲ˶ߣǺ߿϶Ҳûʲôùӳԡ
硭⡭ϴʱ
ֻǲ˵ʲôѲѾźü¿˼аߡ
ڼаתһȦƺûʲô֡
ֵһӣʱͻȻ˵Ѳӣһ
ȻĽŲ˶żа߿˹
꣬Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ϴôģҪаŪǴ˵
ʲôϽ򿪣ơѲԱ˵
⡭⡭ҲûɶһЩõķϾɹߣ棬࣬ͲҪ򿪿˰ɣϴЩ֧֧˵
Ѳӣ΢һ͵ˣûҪŪôϸϴǵˡҲ͵
򿪣ûУѲԱЩˣĿ˵
ϴһ£ǳ˹ͷֻǵ˺һûд򿪡
ϴ飬֪һ򿪣
ѲϴĶϴߵһߣƬֻ֮áॡһ죬ͷֱӱˡ
ܿ죬Ǽаűһ϶϶һ򿪣а˸Żһһԡ
꣬˲ĲŹ֣ղǴͰʺһȦֲͨ磬϶ǳ˱ǣǼаѾϰζ˿϶ܲ˰
Ҷ˵ˡ࣬ܵʺҲŽطסˣ˽㿴ǷҪ򿪡ϴҲŵǺӵζתĺܿ죬˵
߰ɡط̫ˣѲӣǾͲҪҲˡĽҲ
ѲԱƺӾһҪ򿪿úһ죬Ǽа屻ϴһ϶һ꺺ӽԴ˽˴װģֻһۣǾϳǹˡ
ѲԱżаɨһۣʱʧɫ
ҪԴջȥȴΪʱá顭ǹ
Ѳӵ˲ͱȥӵԽӶ˳ȥ
ãдһæϽ𲧸ĸ˸УǶֵܴļ˶˵ͳ˳ȥ
֪ǼавżһĺƾǼȥǲ
ӭЩͽһܼӵաĲڶҲóǹʵЩ󣬺ܿа߾͵˺üˣһɸӣѪ֮С


1285 Ҷɵ
Ǽûʲô飬ǹʱ򣬾ѾϽ𲧼ǼУЩǵӵȫ⡣
û뵽ǣЩͽ֮лһߣһƽƽӣֵܵǸԼӵȻĳ˳ȥ
ҿʱ򣬷˫֮оȻͬʱ˦ȥʮҶɵৡĳЩ˴˹ȥ
Ҷɵʮ׼ͷÿѶܴ˵üģʮĺӵİ֮£ӽŲֱͣӳ˹ȥ
ܼǹһ˲ͣһͷһԭа߰˸ˣĸ֮⣬ͻʣһˣ֮ǰʺһļһ
Ǽ飬ֱӾͶǵûеϽ𲧵סӵ
滹д𣬳֮⣬ӵк
Ƭ̣ͻȻСţǼϽɣϲбˮñˮߣӦŴ½ǺԶˣӦܳŹȥ
ɵĻңǰбˮڣӦûʲô⣬ֻˮһװĸˣֻһֻӾˣιȥҪĽࡣ
ҲôʱҪ˵
ãǾҵϡ
һ䣬оϽ𲧣չңǿٵļа棬żаϳ˳ȥһ˼а棬Ϳʮʬ壬Ƕֵˣ⼸ԭһѵˣҲ
ǸģЩ͹ˣǸղҶɵǸӸɱġ
һֱ©ˮصĺǸʮĸ֡
ֻһ£ǾͳżװķȥһһͻȻүҪȥģ
һͷһϴ˿һһ־Ŀǡ
Լ취ӳȥԹԵĴҪҶ𱻹˴ˡлһȻǼǰȥ
ϴ˵ЩʲôҲûѾ˴գžͿаֺҳһţһëͦһѳǹǹɨ䣬˷һ㣬ֻһӵûü꣬ӵϣӴĸƵģ˼£͵˵ϣҡ
ҶɵĺĸΧһš
洬Ķ棬һҺܴѲߴǰ棬Ǳ߻ϵбĺ͹˳
ֹ࣬ܲۡ
кһͻһͷ󣬳żװһ˹ȥֱ
ֻǲǿϣһӵʹɺͻеĽűߣŵĻкæ˻Ѳߴ϶ʱŴȺϵţϽͶֻӵʱ俼ǣҪȻ͵ش
õģ϶ûãô׾Ͷ
ж˵ٴμϽ𲧣ǵͷϣٴγŴǱ߿첽ȥ
ܼӵٴγǴ˹ɱϽ𲧸˻ȥ
ۿžͿϵʱͻȻ伸ɫķ߷˹˴ϱϣըѿ϶ըķ顣

ţȵֶΣ洬йĸڡ
ǸƬ̵ͣ
һΣǲһеĳ˹ȥû룬洬ͻȻһ˳Ʈһλεı£ô˻ķ֮С
ͷϵϽ𲧷ˡˡһ죬˵Ǽ˵ζһ٣Ľһ
գۼĹǵǰͳһʮͷװͦ׷ͯգǹһĨЦ⣬ﵹǰѱٺЦλˣôڱߣô׵飬ǲǻҪˣ
Ҳʶǰ˭϶ǵĵˣΪܸߡ
ܹоΪΪࡣ
ΪʢʱڣȻˣĸ˵Уֻаչûôˣϵ˶ûк
Ҹûκλ֮
лƢͷţûзϻֱӽϽ𲧵תìͷͷȻ¡
ͷŲæеıһϽ𲧴˹ȥá춯Ͻ𲧱ͷ˳ȥ
˽ħƣһǰȥ˲͸ͷ֡
СŸ磬ҵһȥһѡչҷ˼аϣó˻𾫳Ҳȥ


1286 ȫ
ܸ·Ҳô̫ƽǼѾ֮ˣۿžҪˣ˹Ⱥƨ档
һϣȫȥԸǸĸȥˣ˿̵޸֮վֻܸż
뽫Ǭ˱еĶʦֺȽгһ棬ܻһǰΣһ̵ʬħķһʬħꡣ
СһﶼЪȥˣһε˳֮Уƿ϶ǽвǵġ
չȥԸǹĸ֣Ҫͨ˺ٵĽ£Ȼҷ֣ǰչȥҲûȡʲôƣǹĸָѹƵġ
кˣڵʱԸ³ڤʱһά׶һά˷ϣ˶ܵش˵Ϊڶǻָһҡ
ڵľƣʮѡ
ΪߵǣڶѲߴϻϵ˳󲿷ֶǹĸ֣м˹
ôǿЦô
˳ʶŲ˽ŲҪҸطһ£̫ˣռѵŲ˼㱻˶˺·һõһý˵ͳ˹
ۿ˵ıоҪϵʱбͻȻɹ˼ѷɵӵһࡰಡľͷˡ
˽Ųһ࣬䣬ͽǷɵȥ
áͨһ˺
һͷʱֻһ˰СıӰӦҶɵǸһ
ղ÷ɵңΪʲôأ
òƸʶǡ
ôһ䣬Ҿ;òһһѵͼҵĲϡ
𶯣һ¾ҪһȻ
һعͷʱ򣬷õĹ֣һɱĿҡ
Ҳֵܣֿɱ𶶡
˸סˣһһݵȻʵӹǸͷ֮Ҿ֪ǿ϶ܲˣΪǼûһͷĶ֣ǳʲô漣
ǣطҾҲʲô漣
ϻ̳Ͽ֣˳ܣҲùЩСǡ
û뵽Ǳĺİ³ڤɱˣȻ˲һһоͱҸסˣôЩأǸõҲϵ˵
˵磬̫ˣСӸ³ڤƴʱˣȫʧҪö˶˵ģһٳʮҲĶ֡ýС˵
˵ţõһץסҵĸ첲̽һҵŵ˵ͷ˵˵СôôǹʧһûˣҸղŻµҪ
˵ţõļһһסҵĲӣҵĲӸһЩſڱǼСӣ߿ǵˣϽҪȻҿɱ
ʱǹͷƴĻе˲ע⵽ߵĶ򣬷׷׵˼ҡ
СŸ磡չŽͳ߳˹
𶯣ѽ£ý˴һ
չŲһ٣۵İû֮ɫǻڲöһ
Ƭֱ֮ҲϸһСӣѪ˳
չͻǿȥҲͲٽ֣׷׷еķ
ұЩ˸ɱˡ
һ֮󣬺ܿȥ˼ˣֱӴֱĽǼŷ˵ϣһΪǶסˡ
˹õļһȴСӲô˷ѣֱӸУΪϵˣòһġ
˺ٺһЦøͽҸˡ
Ƭ֮Ƕ£һǹͷǵʤĴ󽫾Ƶǰһ⣬΢Ц˵̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬱ΪǼСѾ뿪ˣû뵽Ϸײǣǵù
Ǽû˵ô
ơ
ߣֱͻعͷɫһһֵ
廨ֱӱЩѺţѲߴֱӾͱѲߴļװϣ߰˸˿š
ûãһ˴ǳ洬ϱѺ˹
ЩбϴǼϴ¡
Щ͵ɿͣòƾһҶɵļһˣ֮⣬ȫˡ
ϴһǣ̾ϢһԲס缸ˣ¶Ҹˡ
ô˵ǵϴѾˡʮֵȻ˵
Ƕ˼װ֮Ѳߴ㳯űķʻ˹ȥ


1287 Ϣ
ôãջûӻȥ˵һʱ˼㡣
չЩյ˵СŸ磬ҲãղŲöһˣȥǹͷġ
˵ˣѾȥˣ㲻ȥҲ³Էʵ̫ǿôҲǶ֡ҿοչ
С˵ĶԣǾ̫ùһЩЩϾ˭ҲֲáҲ
˵ôˣҪǰ㵽дһ٣ǽϾͲˡдͷɥ˵
΢΢һЦ˵ҲûãЩȻܹǰԤϵȴı䲻֣粻֪ĺá
ͲôһֻҪܹˣ֪·ɱһĸ֣ҲǵùߵģҲ֪ǽǴȥôãֱǹ˰ɣչЩǵ˵
ͻȻչ˵飬ҵͻȻһǰͲһǾܽűˮˡ
һ뵽ˮ飬ҾˮˣҲֻԡ
ֻ˾ֵĺԸҹͨһҵ˺⺣ԾܹӦˮĴڣǽֻԴһص³ֶǸоȳдģ˵ֻҪѣȫԹҰæ
Ȼ䣬Ҿ顣
ڲƮں
ܹǸԸҴŪȥǾͿԽűˮˡ
뵽һŰչ˵ĹֱĿɡ
ɺܿͷҵ쳣ȴʲô˼
죬ÿ˵˱ˮ֡
ãǿǱţΧôĸֿţ򲻿ñˮӳȥġ
ʾɽǬ˱ıˮóȻ⣬ǰҵķԸ㽫ˮó
ܿ죬Һɾͱһ𣬴Ǭ˱ǲô߶ģֱӴ߶ھԣҴǬ˱֮ϢľͽǱˮ߬š
ˮҲô߶ֻҪóͿԣֻǲرԶĻӦܹӦô˵ҸǺҲЩģһӦˮ飬ôҲùһ治ǣ
ˮһóʱɢһ͵ĹâɵҲס
߬ţȴһǿϢɢ˳ΧǵĿɶǱߣⱦһóǺܿ͸Ӧˡ
ţЩ˾ʹ˹һСߵɵǰ˵õʲôϽҪˣУ
ûûʲôɽƱɫһڡ
˲ݷ˵һѣֱӽǱˮӴ˹
ˮмСǽʯоһ˿˿ϢȫһܹɢһŵĹ󣬼ǸɵҲܿԲʲôͨ
Саˮ飬ʱΧ༸ĸ֣׷ΧǱˮ顣
ʱɿһۣ̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ
Ǿⶫ˹Уʵϧˡ
ȴûô룬ҵĿǽˮóͺã˭жһ
ҿһۣЦЦʾġ
˵ɸЩȦˣкͰչҲˡ
ʲô˭ϵ𣿡һʵ
˷׷ҡͷʾûмһʱΧǱˮ۷׷
ҲֻܽȫϣڱˮˣϣǺܹӦˮĴڣϽȼݲǡ
׵Ҳˡ
Щűˮ飬ͻȻӴ߳һǹͷ
һ˳Щ˶ʱɢߣĺһ
ͷٶС
Χʲôأúÿŷˡͷ
ʱСǰһǱˮ˳˵ղŴѳһɢһɺرϢڿⶫʲôأûһʶʶ㣬֪ʲô𣿡
ͷĿ˱ˮϣȻ۾һһѽǱˮС˹ȥǷ£ַǰϸƣȻ۾ȥӦˮϢ
֮ͷ۾Եʮּšⶫ澹ȻϢ
˻һڣʱΧһƬȻŵĿͷеıˮ顣
ڴʱͻȻˡ


1288 Գ
ڹЩ˴һϸˮʱһЩ˲ײȻ䷢ˣϺûзģʮƽͻȻһ΢磬洵ƲϵıͷҲ
ԼУһֱֻɾĺѾ·ˡ
ǹͷڰһǱˮ֮󣬽ߵߣңɫλСֵܣģ
üһղŻƺǼǷˣתۼҾͳСֵܣ仯Ҳ̫һЩ
£Ҳ£ϷŪһͷҵġ
ⶫʲôôɢɷ֪һͷʮֵֿ
һۣ˵ƾʲôҪ㣬ܷǼ뿪𣿡
ͷɫһ࣬ǲܵģǹ߲յҪڱΪɱ޹췭ظһ㣬Ҫô׷ˣϷô˽
Ǹ㻹ʲôĵģһôûУƾʲôҪ㣡Ƶֵ
ͷʱϹҲסˣֳŭ⣬ʱԵǸСŭСӣҪƲԳԷƣҪǲ˵һܵģ
ôʲôʸ˵𣿡ֱӷǺ˻ȥ
СӶʱŭɶֱһߣӾͳ˹Ҫ֡
ֱĿ˴ˣߵߣ˰ƣҪϴʱҲɱĿ˵ôһԣģȻ֮أ
ͶɱĿע֮£СӵˣΪҲڸЦϵɱҲ㣬һĺ³ڤɱˣԸСɫʵǲֵһᡣ
Сӵİûһһķȥ
Ȼ䣬ϵķƸһЩһͷҴŻζѣϵ˶Щվȣ׷˼
ͷźϿһۣЩֵ˵ôͻȻأ
ǺԹˣ⺣еİһ֣ҪһЩġ
ٴοͷͻȻһֵ˵ͷɣ˰ҵ򿪣Ҿ͸ʲôڶԸ³ڤʱҵΪ·ѣ̫һЩ
ͷһ£ƺЩɣʱԵһ˵һ˵ûȷʵһΪҲûˣͨ˶磬ҪȻղҲһоͽס
Ƭ֮ͷǽסеĺģ˵ͷҴһһ˫֣ʱ˺ܶࡣ
ʱͷֵܸҪ˵˰ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵õǸҼ洫ģԼ⣬ֵǮҪͣˣóʡ²ǮݹϵԣԱʹ
һû˵꣬һĻкͰչסȫڡһЦ˳ԶϴҲֵĸ¸´Цݶð˳
ˣңͷʱŭɶһƣͳϴ
ͷİҵϣͻȻ䣬֮һžˣҴһεĸžҡ
Ǿ߰׸ߣȻװϵ˽һ͸
ͷæ˼ȴҲ˻һ
𡭡
һ˻˶Ѳߴҡڲ
ͷʱдϲͻȻӺ˳Ѳߴǰ档
Ĳ˵ͱˣԴĥһС˫Ŀ棬ĺ⣬ֱӽѲߴͣˡ
Ȼһ֣ʱѲߴϵһ׷ŵĲɫ
ǹͷҲ΢΢
ǺĿڴɨһȦĿҵϡ
һֻ˾ĺԣֶܹͨθ˹ͨ
Ƭ֮һͳͻȻԺ֣þòѡ
Ҳ˵룬ǺԾܸӦõұصȷǺþòѣѰԴġ
ڶ֮㽫ҽѿຣһֱǵãѣȻԹۣ˵ɣξ㡭ǺԻص
ܼ򵥣Ҫصϣ˳ٰҽѵһҴϵˡҼ˵
һ£һ飬ֵˣǱˮǸͷðҪ
Իζһ¾޴ԴСӴӺ̽˳ֱӽǾ޴Դǹͷ˹ȥ


1289 
ѰһŵɫվҶ
ֱǺĥһСԴǹͷʱͷŷӦ˹ǺôĵӣһΣͻȻһѺı˼⺣Զ֡
ͬʱͷһȺȫǹսսĶ׼Ǻԡ
һ̫ǹͷʵ˵ɣõǱ⺣ԵģʵʵĻұ֤Ƕû£
ͷһۣ֮дһ˿ŭıﵽ֣һ£ЩźԿ˻
ֻһ˲䣬ӵźкȥȫǺԵԴϡ
ǺԵȫǼӲޱȵۼףӵʹ͸һȫǽԸŭˣŭһܿȥԴһ˺֮У֮䣬һ޴ĺҴܵҵײмֱѿһ޴Ļڣкˮӻڴӿ
˵ζ޷ס׷ڼװصĹҽҲһֱԵ˵ϡ
ܿ죬ҾͷӦ˹ϴȥϴֻǱ򵥵Ŀ˳ִӵϼ˲֪ĸڼװϵһѳϴȥ
޷һ˺ü£۵Žϴ롣
ϴ֮ɫŵæ˵үүô찡ǹ᲻ὫǶˡ
£ǺһѣϽ洬ԶιȥϽرȥãЩ˵
Ҹϴ˵ǺҵĳŴײ˼£¿ɺˣֱӶϳأɲǣӺﲻһЩڴɵĶòΪªЩ͹˾ȥ
ЩǴһĹӦǺӣǺԮ
˵ĻϴЩ̫ţôԾͳҵء
ҲûֻͣǴߴϽ뿪
ϴڲϾһζĴϰЩ·׷״
ϴЩΪģ»ǲһȥܽնϡ
æĲʱͻȻɵСţϽϴǽ⿪
ʱҲ𻨺ǻţ֪Ҫ򿪲ףҪķŲУҽⷨһҪ߶
ҿ϶Ǵ򲻿ɲŻϴȥ
ϴ֮ϣҲвٹĸ֣Ҫӣ׷׳ϴæкԼȥԸЩˣԼҡҡλεĸߡ
ԭϴǲЩĸֵģãҲ˺ܶຣӣ׼ЩĸƵģֱӳȥ
ϴɵߣǻ˷ĵʱЩͷ󣬲֪֡
ʱɽ˵ղҵʱҼסǵֻҪоܴ򿪣˵ȥ
ϴæͷ
߶ָƣ̰顭
ɵĽ˵֮£Ƭ̣ϴ⿪ϵ
ʣµľͲϴˣԶ֣кͰչҲ̴򿪡
˺һЩϴһЩĸȫˮС
ЩĸָĺЩ˲һǲʹɱ֣Ҫ¸飬үүǱ߲ô𲻱Ҫ鷳
ղҸǺҲֻ˵ҪѵһЩˣûҪɱǵ˼
ߵ̧֮ͷһ벻³ĶϴһʱмʮòªĺȥЩ˴һ
ЩʮͣסֱӾͳȥȻˮ
ǹͷҲӸסˣĺеĳ׷ɣнǺӴȥ
һǽںӵϣըѿǺӶʱըķѡ
ǹͷһۣзȻһﻹҪǮҪΪǱˮ飬˵ˡ
ˮ鷴ǲôұҪС
Ҳ֪ˮҪԣǻҪص½ء
˶˵ֱ˺Ƕϴ˹ȥ
ڴʱһ޴ĺǺԴײ˹ͷڵǰشϣһײĺݣǴֱӾķѣϵ˷׷׵˺УȻֱޱȿݵĺ֮С


1290 
ȻҾͿкǵͻȻһȻˮǺ¸ˮ棬˶վ˺Եĺ֮ϣ֮Уֻлʶ⺣ԣǲţǰչɲ⺣ԵϣԵЩִٲ
ǹͷһѵĴϣֳֽкӴǺԾҪǹͷקˮУ˳ʮֺкӿһȥͽ룬ģûкٸҿˡ
˾ǲ뽫Ǳˮ黹ǣҪΪС
ҲֳַϣҲ˵Ѿ⿪Եĳ֣Ҳʲô˻
ڵشѾڿٵ³ˣǱϴѾװ˼飬ԱţϴæкҿҪȻһҪ³קˮ¡
Ҳҵ飬æϴˮУŲԶĵطȥ
ոοûжԶǰشȫ˺Уһܴг֣϶ЩƮҡ
߸ոջָƽǱߺܿ͸ǹͷƴǺҲС
ò˵ǹͷֶʵһ˸ƴ·磬ǼֻԵĻͲһЩ
ǺˮԺܸߣͻȻ֣һβɨȥǹͷµľĴɣӸո䵽ˮ棬˵ķһ
˫ƴûգǹͷֱβ͸סӣһԴˮס
ȹ˺һ֮󣬺Բٴθˮ棬ǹͷֱӳ˦˹
ϴ¸æȥǹͷ˹ͷѾ˹ȥӹĵӦ˲ˮ
ҸæһȦؿڵһڴҵǱˮ飬
ʱĺѾƽЩӶӰкǿٵ˹ɵʵСţҵûУ
ҵˡҵ
Ǳ߰չóǵǹͷһľ֮ϣȻһȭͷȥͷĸͷһ죬һںˮתѡ
һΧôˣһ£һֱֱ۾һǴõģ
ͷ㲻𣿡չͷԴ˵
СӣݵòҪͻȻֵĺԣǾӲϷģͷһβģ
ϻˣֱɱǣһǸʲôֱ˽ħƣƾҪ֣Ȼȴס˻УʾҪ֡
ڻǱ߽ϵ̫ҵĻȻǲ£ҾΪҵԵʣǣүүǱϾڱ½ĹϵЩ
Ҫͷ˵ЩʲôͻȻ䣬ߵϴЩֵ˵λǸϽ߰ɡǿǱߺдˣӦǹˣٲһ߲ˡ
˳ϴָķȥںԶĵطмڿٵĳ߿ӦǼҴ󴬣ǺԳ֮󣬸ղϵѾ֪ͨ˱ǱߣѰԮ
ǹͷҲתͷһۣɫʱԵЩ˷
Ҳȥͷǿϴ󣬹еϴˣ㲻ʲôɣҪȻȥ½һ㣿
ǲõǣ߿϶а취ˣǱĺأǸϽߣùǡϴЩ˵
ǼԽԽĴҲҵˡ
кһæ˶ǺʱҲٵ˹Ǽ˶ſ˺Եϣһ׸ϴһֵɽģˮǺڡ
ٻᣡϴҲһֵ
һǺԵӣǺζӴƷնˣһ·Ŷķ򼲳۶ȥ
ٶ̫ˣͧҪ죬Ǽæſ˺ԵϣĿסϵƬͷʱϴѾԽԽԶֱҲʲôҲջĿ⡣
Ҳǲڱ˶ãӦˡ
ÿһ춼νǾĶǣڣһʲôҪˣǺܻܿصϤĵطֻŻн̤ʵصĸоʱĹһξ
һΣҸоֳɳࡣ
ſںԵıϣһֱİչв˵ţ̫̼ˡ̫̼ˡ
һθǳҲǹ̼ˣʱҲû뵽ᷢô飬ÿһ˵ⶼһС


1291 
Ҳ֪⺣Դ˶ãһֱһ˿ǰףۿ춼ҪʱǺԲͣΡ
˵ͷ紵˱ըͷǷͼֱ˧ĲҾ御
˶һ㶣ұǺԹͨΪʲôǰˣ
Ǻȴ˵ǰĽˣҿǱˣһΣҲһٶǰ˽ˣ׽˻ȥ˷֮Уһٶ궼ûгھЩӰˡ
ЩȣµĻˡ
ҪȻô˵֮ء
˵ȫܹ⣬ǺԱʾֵĸлǺӱȽϳƣǸֱ֮Ӿͳ˺ףӰ
һߣͽǷããĴ֮ϣҲһӰ
û취ֻýˮ˳ɻд߶ûô˵İչ棬ôһֱźȥ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôطֻǸ̫жһֱǰΡ
չˮԲΪֵҲûɶ⡣
ڱˮţˮ£չˮ棬ڣɻµģ֪Ǻγģе֪һЩΪԣʱҸѦС߻лУһ𽵷⺣ԡ
ʱȡ
Ҽ򵥸˵һ⺣ԵɲŻȻ˵ԭôһ¶Ǳˮ龹ȻֱܹԸ˹
㣬һֱ糿ε˾ŵӣԶԶĿһЩ洬ˣչˮµǣǺܿ͸ˮ棬˱ˮ飬ȴ洬
ǵ洬󣬴ֻиӶˣһĸƯںһʲô
ɾ͸һѣ˵ĸһ洬ţϴڰ;д˰©ˮǼЩôںƮ˴ˡ
˵ѶģУ˵ԼˣͰ͵ģ
ǸӶ˲м٣ֱӽǸ洬
˴̤ڴϵʱ򣬶ʱһɣ̩ͨ˲ɵȫһ
ǸӶϤķԣоرУڿصˡ
ôһ֪ʡһط񣬽糿纣ţûǡ
üһǼ˶Уһ棬⻹֪ʲôʱؼء
ɽװһͰ͵ģ˵ǵļ˻ʡأǴʱֻȥˣϵϣ϶żˣǸӶϿǻȥ
⸸ӶĵҲû˵ģֱӾ͵ת˷򣬳Űʻȥ
Сʱ֮Ǿ˰ǸӶ˱кȥǼҳԿȷϢһȥԼļˡ
Ǹˣǿû˼Զ£ҴǬ˱ֱһǮݸǣǵһ⡣
ǸӶһôǮһʼգһĥӲ֮£ǲǮ
ò˵ϻǺ˶ࡣ
ǱǸӶ֮Ǿֱ壬·ϣкһĳ⳵ֱӵ˸һСУƱֱӻ³أȻ󱼺ҶȣѦҵλүӷֱϵơ
һʼϣ˵ҪԥϼһˣôʱûؼˣҲʵЩźӡ
ȻȴܷôˣʲôˣһҪѦҵλүӰæһ²С
ֲִֻôˡ
˸֤˶Ʊſʱ仹СʱѾʱ֣Ա˸Сӣĸ˴һ𣬳Ժһ١
Էʱĸ˲ͣɵЦǰչڶûдϵıлعﻹ߶̫̼ˣŪΧ˶ǣо񾭲һ㡣
˵Ȼ֪Ǽʲô
һУǼ˼·϶ܹӳȷʵֵһҵ飬ΨпЦ˵Ǵʱ顣
԰˷ֱ֮˻³صĶһϳǾ͸԰λ˯ˡ
̫ˣ޾ƣǼû
һֱ˯ڣҲűѣ۾һֳѾͣչ˵Ѿطˡ
Ǻĸ˴Ҵҵ˳ɰչң߳˻վ
һ˻վҾͽˮֻ˳Ȼ󿪻žͿһδӵ绰뵽˻϶Ҵ绰⻹кܶš
һүүģֻж̶̵ļ֣ˣϽһص绰


1292 ǳʱ
ţǡ⡱һ¡
˵ʵүүֿ˵ҲûиҷţһС飬ﶼ¶洳ôĻ췭ظҲûи˵ˡ֡
˼ҵһֱΪж־ķӦóȥһԼĻԼʰҲûͷǣȫǿԼ
ͻȻүүţҶʱ޷ˣͱĳ
Ա߼˼ɫ̫ԣ׷ôˡ
˵Щ飬Ҫȥ绰
վһƬչֱӾͽұ첽ȥ
ڻվһƧĵطͣչҷ£æֻүүһ绰ȥ
绰Ǳ߾ͽͨˡ
СţˣүүЩٵ
ţһˣүүҸտ㷢Ķţʱ䣬һֱڱֻ඼ڹػ˵ˣʲô飬ϲأҽʵ
֪ȥ˱¶С˵ˣڱЩҲţСԽԽϢˣ򶼴סҪ찡үҵ
Ҿ֪ô˵ղҿ˵ͦصģôҳЩ顣
һ£æֵүү¶Ǵ˵ȸ˵˵׳ʲô飿
һ֮ǰ㷢ģ鶼ȥˣҲõԲĽڵûʲô˵ˡүֵ
ȥһԭһ֮ǰ飬һǺܺ棬ٴδߴٵ
ү̾Ϣһŵģһصҵ迪С̣Ҫ°ߣҺñүӸˣЩ˶֣Щȥ˲򵥣үӶˣصҲˣԷҲˣջǸˡ
үү˵¶Ҿ;úǷүӶ֪ͣģ˼Ҷˣ˵ʲô
ԼãԷĿ϶Ǿĸ֣ģüүӵ
һصڻǳסˣҪֵĽࡣ
Դϴұ˰׻λһصĳ֮Ӧþͼˣһֱ뽫ҳ֮졣
ҵġͻͻĿһòײƽֵүүҰôˣ
Ҳûж¶ҿϷֵļʱֻܵһЩţҲǿСˣֱӰص棬ȥ֮󣬿ôãһصԽԽ׽͸ˣǲһʱ侭Ȼ¶棬Ҳ֪ǲתİڸʲô۶ӡү˵
ǼҶֵ˭ȷ𣿡ҳʵ
пһص䳤ϣҲ˵ģδˣҼҲȷǲ˲ûĿʾˡүֵ
ҳƬ̣޵иĵĹ涨Ǿǻˣô˵һصҲǻĵһаֵ̣µЩֶ治ҲͰˣһҲͷعأôܲˡ
Ҳ˵үүǱֵСŰǷǳʱڣһת֮ŪĻ̻̣Ѿ֪ˣصܾҲᵽһָ߶Σյĳ̶ȣһѾҪ٣òСĲУҿǸСҲͱٿˣϽתƵһȫĵطȷǵȫ
үүýתƵʲôطأѦô
УүӶȻ㽫㸸ĸǾǺѦң¶򲻿ɡ
Ƭ̣үƺ뵽⣬ɣǼҸéɽЩԨԴ³žéɽҲǺԶʱ䣬޴ȥһˣ谲ŵéɽȥéɽ֮ҲסŲͨˣǶġ
éɽ
⵹һѡéɽǵʥأƣʮķ磬ҸĸҪȥ˵ǾԵİȫԺͲʲô֮ˡ
Ψһĵǣ¶ϲͬȥ
ǵط룬ûκִĶǻͲסį
ΪҲܹҵһԡ
еĸĸİΣҸүүִҴ˼ҵ˵绰
ʱȫΧ׷ҷʲô顣
ҽһصҵҼ˵һ飬˶ɫû뵽ôء
׷ߵ˵һصҲ̫Ҫˡ
ڳλҸĸʶһ˵¶Ǳ㽫ȥѦҵ鶼ŵ˺棬Ȼؼҿ˵


1293 ڰ
ܿ죬ڻվֱӴһ⳵ֱҼҵķȥ
Сʱ֮ǾҰ迪С̵ſڣС̵Ѿˣſ壬Ѿûյ
˳֮־صĴſڣּүҲڣſڣѾһˣһʶ
үү˵үΪҸĸԵʱ˸ˣпһص䳤ϡ
һǡ
ͺ¼үе䳤ϵƣ㣬ݶ޷ˡ
ããɽʮҲҲһѩˡ
صſڳһ£үӦصˣǿҸĸ֮ȥݻ˼Ұɡ
˽ŲҴң첽СſڣС֮ػȫ߶ˣЩһЩױ˲Ľ֮УϵĴҲѰ硣
һ۾ͿԿЩ˶ߡ
صˣڴ˱Ҹĸġ
Щ˻ϵңһǼԶԶĸһ˻֡
ҳһһͷֱҼס¥ȥ
û룬¥ſڻһˣص鸺սһһң첽˹һסҵ֣Щ˵СŸ磬ɻˡ
һˣչҵļˣСŸмϵ˵
ⶼӦõģǶԸһصЩˣɱôྡྷУǲѪᡭҵֵ
Ƭ֮ͻȻסһ£ЩԾ˵СŸ硭ˣҡôо
ţһˣ¶֪ˣϴôˣæת˻⣬Ϊʧ飬֪ԽԽãҪ鷳
εȴܿ˹˵ͷ˵İСŸ磬¶Ҳ⴫ģϴҲˣصأϴһһصҲȥҲ죬ܹʮ֣Ϻʶı֮˫ƴɱƬ̣ԶǸ˳ȥ
ұʾȻȻļ˵ȥҸĸһȥϴͼǡ
˵ӦõģȻǾͿ첽¥
ſͣһ£һš
֪ģһ̣ͻȻЩ¼ˡ
Ϊ
Դ·֮ǶϵһֱûаȹΪҵ£ȻʱգӵǵϣһֹһΡ
Ѿǵڶˡ
Ƭ̣ﴫ˽ŲſڣӦͨè
ţһ죬űٵĴˣҰһϲɫվҵǰ
ҰֵģʱҵʱͲһᱼ
ҿҰֵԴϻһȦɴѪɴ͸˳
֡ЩЩᣬѹſҪۿˮ
áİչҲͬ˵
ˡϽСһ߾£߶㣬ҿ췳ˡ
Ұָû¶Ƶÿһ˽ȥ
ڸҰֲʱҸæֲ۽ǵˮȻݺݵһ
أһ߽ȥҽʵ
أ˵Щˣ˯һӦˡ
Ұָ˵ţʹһЬ죬Ҳ첽˳һң͹һСš
һ˳Ұ־ûкɫ˵ʲôްⲻǻ𣿵СôѵĨģˣ
һСҲ֪쾿ʲôһҰֵԴ֪ʱĶС˼Ѫ⣬ʱ龰϶ǽŻˡ
Һοһֹס˿
ҿ赹ûˣȽҲһ֮Ҳ˲٣æ˵Ҫ
չȰ裬˵ճԹͲ鷳ˡ
æŸ衣
ұ㽫Ұ뵽̨ϣ˽һ顣
̨֮ǴǬ˱һ̣һһţ̨
ˣͻȻһ̣Щ̫ϰߣ˼
Ұ¿һۣ̽ʵ˵ˣ
ţһⲻ󡣡һص
ÿθҰֵ˵ЩĪĽţĬƬ֮Ҳʵ֣ܸ˵˵쾿ʲô𣿡
Ұֺݺݳһ̣źٺһЦ˵鶼ȥˣҲûɶһǰϣǿҪ̯ʱͻȻ˼ˡ


1294 һط
ô٣ɻ
ʮɣʱҲûЩˣһΪǴٵأʱ룬ЩٵҲ̫ҵطˣС̣һ쵽Ҳ׬˼Ǯôʦ𣿿ǺҲ֪ˣǱҺġ
һ˵¶ҰϱЩ£һ£ŲŵЩ˱ҺߣǸصλŵͷͻȻŴ̹ӵҺǰǲ֪ͷˣԭһ˰ͷ˶治ʮ˶˱еĴ̹ӸԿǣֻǸմһһʮͷˣסǿŵүӣ˾ͳҺ
Ҳ֪ҲǸ߸ڴ壬Ҫ۴ܣҲûԹŵĹӾ͸Щ˸ˣֻЩ̫⹳û£Ͳ֪ʲôԴϣʱԴ죬ɶҲ֪ˣŻˣֻƴʱ򣬴ǻصλֳʮˣǸսĴͷЩ˴
ҲϲˣҲûţˣҾͻȥˣ˵սͿŵͷ˴ˣ˵ҪȥҲûȥ¶ŪġСŰĺúлл˼ңҪȻܾͿҺˡ
ϰǿӣұǶΪңŻֵܵĥѣֺޡ
֡ҲãҽǺЩʵ˵
Ұֶеͷ߹ҵļЩĳ˵ɵӣ˵ɶҺⲻû¶㣬ӦСһЩүү飬Ȼ̫Ҳ˽һЩ֪ϵһЩ飬ֻҪסһ仰Ҷ棬Һ㲻õģչ˺Լ
ˣҰֻӲطǲٴȥˡ
϶ˣЩصвÿʱÿ̶Ұߡ
׻˵ĺã͵ǡ
ֻҪһصҪҰ֣ܻҵġ
Ƭ̣ҲŸҰֵ֡ǻһطסɣطѾȫˡ
ȥģٻظ߸ڴ壿ҲСʵڴҲҰֻص
ǻشȥéɽɫ
ݡéɽҰִһ
ԣȥҵ
ǵݵӢʦţ׽ǴʬǸéɽҰָȷһ顣
ʣҶʱһźߣû뵽ҰֻЩéɽݵȫһǶǺ˶׫ģҲ֪ôͣһ£ŵȻûеݵôаéɽǸéɽɽҲеʿҲ٣ȥҲį
Ҫȥ죬ʬ赨Сܲ˰Ұֵ
ҸҰֵĴֱ޷ε֣ģéɽǶ츣أ˼仯й֣Уɽôʿɶ
˵ĵҲǡҰְֵ˵ͷֵҿ˵ɽźŲã֪ܴܲ绰ӡ
⵹һ⣬֪éɽĶ츣֮ڣһеӲƷûźŵģ޵ĵʿ˵ˣ϶ܲ˵ġ
绰϶ǲܴģǵطҲûеӡҵ
Һ϶ȥɶûУǲôҰֱԹ
ɫһ࣬ɫ֣ǱȥϴǵЩ˺Σգһɱ˲գ۵ħͷ´Σǿ϶ûģ㼴Ϊ룬Ҳ˵һȥ
СôأҰֱŵˡ
ĻҪءȻ
ǡǺðɡҸҰЭ
˵Ұ֣¶ǷҰһͬص˿
Ѿɻ˾ĸ迴࣬ͣĿǴ󸻴ֵ֮˼Ҷϲ£죬ЦݣҵҲ˲١
ڼһҸλ֪һ˵Ҫȥսͼүӡ
˵¶λ˼ҶߴҸϽȥ˵¶ȷǸúúлл˼ҡ
Ҵ¥¥˻࣬һֱصȥ
صиԺӺԺݣһֱʮ¥ǵطмػһطס
ƿһţܿҾͿڴϵļүӺս塣


1295 Ʒ
үӺսеҪһЩ϶ˣһ˵ؿڣһ˵˺󱳣źɴ
ػСʿڸүۣүиãǾǳ麵̣ʵģַˣϷҪһ̣Сʿϣãִ£սڸڴϿ֣ٺֱЦ
Ǽſڣǵִͣ
ս忴ǣԶԶĴкСţǹˡϽġ
˽ȥԺһҵط
Сʿˣֵˣˣǧܳˣ岻á
֪ˣ֪ˣСѾͷ¶࡭үε̾ϢһǴ̹Ӹ
Сʿת뿪˴˴
һأ֣صĸҲս˵ϣ磬ǶлˣҪǲڣҰ¾һصĶ֡
˵ɶллģһصˣԹۣһʼҾ͸С˵ˣϷһڣ߿϶ûɶ⡭
˵һ䣬ǼͻȻЩʵСӣûϽһ񫷸ˣζ治ܡ
һ㶣ʵղСʿǲ𣿡
Ļҵģү۾һɣЩõ˵
æǬ˱óһ̣ҪһʱүͻȻһѾͽǺ̸˻ȥһŽһԵİչɫæ˹ȥһֽ𾫳˳֮䣬ǻ𾫳һŻ⡣
үһ£ֱǻ𾫳̣ͳڡ
üһô󣬻ͷһοý˵̵ģǿٵͷһء
̣үĲУ³һŨ֮󣬲ŵ̾ûаĺ̹Ӿ󣬻񫣬⼸죬ɽﻵˣʵҲûզˣǱ϶ԧϻӣϼͺˣǷðסǲϰߡ
һ䣬үӵĿ˰չϣٴδۣĽһѺýӦΪɵĴ˰ɣ
ү˵ǣүүǰӢܣӡչ˵
˵ѽôԭǰӢСӵӣӶôˡү˵
գ۵Ĺһ̾ͳˣЩδƨֱ˳Ŵ˳ȥ
֮ҲŹеʵϣûɶ⣿
û¶ЩƤˣ켸ͺˣ϶ҲûֵʲôˣӦǱô̹Ӹ˼߹ǣǻˣǼһŴߵģ϶ΪҪС˹ҪԴϴֵ˵
ȷǶһصˣҴͷ䳤ϣЩȷ˵
ǿ϶ˣϷ򲻻ῴģʱȻ棬ȴʹƣƷ£ûеڶ˻ᣬ϶˭үĵ˵
һ˵ǿ϶ˣƣȷʵֻһص䳤϶á
Сţڱ飬Ҳţ˵Ǽڱ֣ͦŪＦɹİĺļɱˣĺİ³ڤҲУֱӸı˱нĸ֣֪¶ǲġս
ҲûˣҸҲûʲôģȥʱ򣬾սǰ֤Ű¾ܻģ˭֪һξ¹ȥˣһ͵ɹģЩǱ
£ǼһһڱЩ췢飬򵥵ĸս廹мү˵һ顣
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣ղԶս棬Ҳ겻ѡ
Ҷ˺ϴ辭͵֮ɷӡɱ˱ʬħ³ڤʱǶһŵı顣
үӺܿҵĸ첲̽һҵɵôʧɫţСӾȻΪʧˣǺã
ϧ
εûҾѾˣҲ֪ʲôȥҶѦҵƣûصء
ϵɫ̾ϢһĿǰҲֻˣʲôûУ
Ҹĸ͵éɽϼ˵һ£ϵɫЩ׽ŵ˵ͷ˵ҲãһصǴĻǵҪԸ㣬ֱӶ䳤ϳ棬ʧ֣˵´νɸϷҲһֵס


1296 ӵĵ绰
ڼǱҲûд̫ʱ䣬˲СʱĹСʿͽ߶߶˵һ٣ǴŲϢǼΪ
ãҲʮֵҵ״ߴҸϽȥҶλүơ
Ϻս岢ûΣұ
Ǳ֮Ѿǰʱˣǻص֪һ˵ҪȥѦСһˣǶϸѦСҲʶ֪βǸջؼҪԶ֮󣬱ȥ
һ·ҷһصıʩʮȫС֮жǶʮСʱְֵأĸǱ߰ȫʮбϵġ
֮һҪȥȷһҵ״ڵʽЩ׽ûɵĶһЩŸУǰսӵж¯֮СӤʬ֮Ŀǰ͸ӻˣΪ˭Ҳ֪ʬİսʲôٶǿʮΪ֮ͨһʶ֮ǺԿƿֲ
ڵһصѾ˼ڳԸˣǰǴʱֻǶڰĿŵͷ¶棬ԼãʬİգʮĵҪ浶ǹĸˡ
СţҪȥҶȵʱ򣬰չȴǴǱ˵ϳʱûлؼˣҲûȥĸĸ棬ͲһȥҶˡ
֮ǰչ˵Ժ̼飬һٸϵ浽
չһסϳǣҲԶʱԼ棬ȥˡ
֮ҺͻԼɱһ⳵ֱҶȡ
·ϣóֻѦСߴһ绰ȥ˵Ҫȥ
ѦСһӵҵĵ绰ʱĲУǽҳһ˵ôʱ䶼ͨ绰Ϊʧء
Щ飬˵ڵ绰ѦС˵Ҳ˵ֻôҴҹ˵绰ڴڵǣǺܿ͵
ѦСҲûٶԣܿ͹˵绰
׼ֻػʱͻȻ䣬һ绰˽һڽӵĵ绰ԥƬ̣ǽ
ֻһֱػģؼ̫֮࣬뱻Щ߰ĵ绰ţЩ㲻ȥҪӦһµģͱڵĽӡ
ڱʱҲڱİݶ黹Ҫµġ
绰һͨϤЦܿʹ˹ү˵ӱѾˣôûʱһۣ
ܼϢͨŻûأǱ߾Ϣ
ǣҲǸɶģ̽ϢЩ»еġӺٺЦ
ҸӳһƤǺݺݵķһ˵Ǽ˼ֱţĲУڱộܴӹȫˣҸǸı˱нĸ֣ڱĺ˹ϵԺڱ͸ˮˣ黹Ҫúøлһơ
˰ƤӲ˵⣬ȥ置˹ɽȹկ飬ʲôʱȥǻƤ棬׼İֶüˣȴٳûж
ҲܵģӲ֪Ϊʧ飬ҪȻҲߴҸϽȺȥկһϪˡ
֮㼱УҲǵĿģѦСֻǻƤľѪʣµǻƤƤҲһҩƹѵ鵤ҩ
֪жǮ˵ⶫڱȻܴһʡ
Ŀǰ˵ߵԴԽԽܹ࣬ƴֵܸʵǿǼ˴һټڵЭҪȥǹկҲȫûпܡ
ڲУұҪȷһҵơ
ҸǽӺ첻˵һ£˵ڻһʮҪȥ죬ûʱȥկȳʱϵ
ȻЩΣҲֻˣҲûжʡ
˵绰֮ڳһһ죬ҼӲţΪ˲ð迴ڵʮǲ߶̫ãҲҧͦš
۵ĲС
оֻԺһҾͱнˣȻ˳Ǯ³
³ĵطѦС߼һͦԶһ·ɽ·пɫ̫ãֱӱңһ·ѦСסǸȥ
쵽ڵʱԶԶľͿѦСһȳһյ˹߻վһˣһ
ʱһһ£Ҽǵȥ֮ǰӻϣȻܹµ߶ˣɼĲѾࡣ
һſ˻еıϣѦС߶ʱܵˣֱӿ첽˹


1297 Ϊβ
Сšôˣ·ˣѦС߰ŻнҴӱϷ
˵СڱʱƴˣǺòײŴӱ˻
ѦСߵɫæҵָҰһ֮󣬲ųСţǾﱻ⣬Ҵûм㵽ôģ
һԸѦС߽һ鵱ʱѦС಻ѡ
ʱҲߵҵߣǰһÿֻɫȴûǰ԰ˣһĨӺ죬Ե࣬С˵СŸ磬糿ʱҰҴ绰ˣ˵˼Ҫлл㣬ܼҶɹΣ
һ£ֵˡҰ˵糿ʱ绰һֱػ˵϶ᵽҶȣĻ͸ظ绰ȥ
ǶѣҲӦõģӲô΢Ц
Ұ˵ˣΪǼҵ飬üζҪúõллǡ˵ţȻǼľһ
æ𣬺Ǻһܲñ˶һƯŮӡ
ڴڶƬ̣ѦСҳŴȥ
ʱѾСѾûʲôˣǵѦҩ̵ʱ򣬾ͿѦҵļڣ⻹ѦСߵĸѦҲڡ
ѦС߼򵥵ĸѦ˵һǼѦɫҲԸһһû뵽ǣҵ֮⣬ɵҲֹۣά׶ʱ򣬲Ĺȣ˽ʱҽεĻ»·ǳصĲųʱʹܡ
Ҿ˵ʱ̫ԣһֱڵﲻ˵ǵ
Ѧɵ֮ҲЩԹȴӻ֣˵ʵҲûɶ¶ʱҶӲ˵¸Ӹһ̾û¶ˡ
СȴǿᣬҪ֮ǰﻢĽƻָͦ죬û̫ܵӰ졣
˲鲢ûصȥ֮λүӵĵزѦѦС˸ǵһЩҩһЩʱվܹɫ
ߵӲãҪȥ֮λүơ
£㽫кѦҩ̣ѦСȥλ˼ҵǸ֮С
·ϣͻȻһ飬ѦСߵļ˵С߸磬ӷչôˣ
һ¶ѦСߵˣ֧֧İ˵Щ˼
ҿɵЦСӲ˼Ҹ˯˰ɣ
𳶵ֶûǣأ˯ʲô˯ѦСߵ
԰ⷢչٶҲ̫һЩôһӣӦýˮ¥̨ȵ²ǣ˼ҵ˺֮󣬻ص˱Сӿɾûˡ
ѦСƺ̸⣬ֻ̾Ϣһæ˻⡣
ʵ˵Ҳܲ³ЩʲôЩԱҪΪвмҸ˵
Խ㣬ԽǼᶨȥկһϪ˵ľģҵΪлָһ죬˵ɶҲȥ
һ·˵ţǾ͵ǷԱߣѦСңķͿھƿ˷Ƕ˴ֱ˷֮ڡ
вʱ㿴Ƿ֮еСݣҴ˹ȥ
ſڵʱѦСߵүүѦãҲѦСһүүطѾǵһүѾʮϤֻǴɨһۣ˸ţɫɵһ࣬̾Ϣŵ⺢ӡÿζŪı˲ŹԺ˶ֲôƴŪҪˣ
˼ҲΪҺãȻ˵ʲôֻǵͷǣ˵´һġ
ˡλүӻû˯ʹǹȥѦ˵ţǶ˽Сݣ˸ط
֮λ׷ԲԵ˼Ҿʹ˳ҺСæ˼
ԭϻЩЦλүӣһ֮˲Цʧˣ˶˵ֱߵҵߣһһֻ֣ͿʼҰ
ҵ֮λ˼Ҳɿҵ֡
Сţ˵˵ô˵ģѦ
£ұ㽫õӡ߶˺ϴ辭ԸʬħλүӼ򵥵˵һ飬λ˼üͷɫ䡣
˵֮ѦűЩ𱸵˵⺢ӡǶȰ㣬Ϊξǲأ


1298 һ仰
ѦԴ𱸵ĿǣһʱЩλүӡϵ˺ǲǣлָĿ𣿡
λүӱ˴˿һۣɫ׽ѦЩ̫ȷҪӶ෽濼ǣЩ⣬ǴûмүҲûз
λүôԽԽͿأСŸܲκãѦСҲе˵
ʱѦѦСߺѦð˰֣˵ȳɣԶһЩЩҪС˵˵
ֵҲܵˣʲôǣ
ҺѦҺõĶܴһӣʲôܵ˵ģȻҪѦСߺѦø֧ߡ
ѦСߺѦһ㶣ܿ췴Ӧ˹ѦСҵĸ첲үֱ˳ȥ
ǵĽŲԶ֮Ѧһ֣ʾȥȻҲֱҵĶ棬ǵ۾ֱĿңҾЩڡ
㿴֮Ѧŵõ˺ϴ辭ǶҲ˽⣬Ҳù֪˺ϴ辭ǿ˵ΪΪãҪʮǿΪΪ֧ţүҲŹڵΪӣòϰɣ
ˣ˵ٻ£ұͷ˵λү֪˺ϴ辭ֻһһֵʩֶΣ㷨ţҲүģ˼ԼһֶΣֵʩֶβ˵ΪȴԽϵˮֳɣմңҷ𣬿νʮֲֿ
λүӹƲ̫˽飬ôһ˵Ǿ岻ѡ
ҽֵȻʩҲ˺ϴ辭ֶֻβҪүǰǿΪΪ֧ţֻʱãүҲ޳⵹ʩķţǵʱҲǱΣҪǲƴҪʱڳ˶Է̫ǿˣֱӻʬħ
λ˼ĬȻĵ˵ͷ
Ѧ֣µ˵СŰϷһ仰ش𡣡
λүл˵ӵ
ǶŲΣѦٴֱĿҡ
⻰ʵļֱĪ˲±ˣܿ͵λ˼ңСһֱǵ˿ûʲôŲһ˵ҵǸġ
ѦЩ΢΢Цݣųİ׺ӣ˵м飬һֱûиСүǴӴоȳ֮Ƕ˱үɵʵǶ˺үĶүĸɶӣѦΪ׽Եɡ
ȷʵͷһ֪ԭһôһϵ
ֻǲ֪Ƕλʲô˼
ܿ˴𰸡
ѦǬֵ֮Ը˵ô࣬Сȫǣʵ˵ɣҪϵ֢״Ҫ˺ϴ辭зŸǶˣǲѰԴҳϵ֢֮ڣȻ취ҽΣҽ飬ݲðʧ֮ǧҲΪá
СŰ㾡ܷģһˣҲ̰ͼҵľѧҲй¶κˣҪѧĻү϶ҲᴫڸǣҪǶͷӲεĻǸ㷢ѪҲԡѦҲɫ
ԭôһ¶˵ΪʲôҪѦС֧ߡ
˵ȷһ֮飬νҾѧͲκһ֪һй¶˱ˣǾͲʲôҾѧˡ͵ѧ˵зţǿǽɣ̵飬λ˼Ҳ֪һ㣬ԲŻҽͣΪ˲Ҷ롣
˵ʵλ˼ôҲȫΪ˾ҵҶǸû˿ķͽ١
£ҹ˵λүӣ˵ЩˣѦʲô飿˵λΪ˾ǲΪ˾ңֱӸҪ˺ϴ辭ķţҲẬ
˵ǽؾǽأЩ黹ǲƵģҪѦүӵ
ǣյ˶˽ǰүڸҵġ˺ϴ辭ķŸλ˼ұһ顣
λ˼ʮϸұָ֮Ҹһ飬ȷ֮λСһЩʲô
֮˷׷ѦСŰϾסǶһ£쿴ôˡ


1299 ðһ
ҽ˺ϴ辭ķŸλү˵֮λүӱȥ뿪ʱһֱСʲôһЩרҵҲףЩء
Ƕȥ֮ûãѦСߺѦþ۷˻͵һ֮С
ڸղҺλүӵ̸Ǳտڲʣ͵֮ѦñѾ׼õķ˸Ҷñһţ֪ʮȫ
ѦС߸һ֮󣬱˵ҪһкˣͲڴ˴ˣž뿪
֮ǰοһ˵õģϵλүһҽֻЩ֣Ҫһ¸֡
ӦһѦС뿪˴˴һȳһյ뿪Īˡ
֮Ҿͽʮȫһɸɾʱȫůģࡣ
һ˶ʱﻹЩǵģһҵΪָǿǺá
ڵѾڽ֮УһصǽΪжд̣ԱûУĳ˰ϵ⡣
棬ʮȫҩЧԴٴλһͷ˯˹ȥ
һһֱ˯̫ͣɹһůģ۾ʱ򣬾رĴۡ
þöû˯ô̤ʵһˡ
һӣͷһһ
Ѧҵλүҵһ࣬ޱĿҡ
λ˼ô硭ҸЦһ
ˣó緹ˣڵ̫ûнѦ
ЬӣȲʵλ˼ңҵ嵽ʲôǱüĿûУλ˼ֱ˵ͺã׼
λ˼ұ˴˿һۣƬ֮Ѧүӱô˵أʮָӣܵļĴݲУѾشңµ⣬޷һеԭΪõ֮еķӡ߶˺ϴ辭µĺһҪأֶһ˺ϴ辭ɵʬħûдתƳҲӡĵʱֹ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬿϶ܵ룬޷йںֱײŻŪһʰĵز
Ѧү˲䣬˵Ƕһδ˯ڸ˺ϴ辭зţ㲢ûȷķ߶һˣʩǣҲֱ˴˾ľ״ңֱӱȥһ㣬šһ𣬱Ҫһһ⿪С
ЩȦϸĥ˺һŵǾ˵ڻеþȣ
ô˵Ϊûоʧȫӡ㵤֮зӡǿһ㣬Ҫǣڵľϴ跥ڸ̥ˣպܴǸʱһʧ롣ͬʱ߻ħĽǾϣжѦ
һû뵽ҵ״Ȼصֵز
ûѦֵڲεĻ徭Ƕ˵ĵǿָǵõıӡҲ˵һʱĵһͨˣҲ޷У˵ˣȫһɱãΣҪξˡ
ҳһ£ŵõĽʲô
õĽָΪʲôزǶ˾Ͳö֪ˣǶһٶѦɫ
˸ߵģ֮оֻӡһԩԹǧ껱ڵֶһɴʬħϼȡȫҵﴦѹš
˵ϴҶԸʬħ֮󣬵ûһ˿˿͵ĸоһҵڿˡ
һͬʱ֪
һͨˣðһΣ»ָԭģһֵÿǵ⡣
ԹӵǿߣͻȻֱһͨˣ̫һЩһЩܲˣߣڵҲһͨˣһкܶûꡣ
һ򶼲ȥѡλ˼ҡ
أǳƬ̣һ¶˾ģλ˼ҵСԸðһԣ


1300 ˬĿ
ƺ϶һѡƵģ˵λүӵֳһĨЦݡ
ѦүӵãȻѡǰϴ跥ۿɵ˵ǰ棬Ҳû̫İգʧֺͳɹļҲֻ˵Ǹռһ룬ǻǶȫԸ£֪
ۣСžԹԡҵ
ðɣһ鲻ò˵Ƕ֮ǰ϶Ҫסģһб䣬߻ħҲ޷㣬ʱ϶ҪնɱģûɣѦ
ȥôоԼļʲأ
λүӵУҿǲ
Ҳûѡ飬ԥûԥֱӵͷӦ
ҸӦ;ǰһ֪λһЩҩ档
׹ʱʶѾʼԡ
ѾģⲻСŸҵҩô
ȻҾʲô֪ˣһͷ
ٴ۾ʱ򣬷Լһڴ֮Уѵľ⣬˫ֺ˫ŷֱţڴ棬ȫһĵҺ壬һֱûҵĲӳ
ҵͷʱ򣬷Щ̽һҺ滹һЩĳ߮ҿЩӵʱҲоΧЩȥŪĻ͡
һʼʱɢŨŨҩζ̽¶У滹ͦǺ֪ģ˻̽¶ȾͱԽԽߣ¶һߣҺ֮ζĳӾͷҴʼЩҧҵƤꡣ
ָожֲ
̽¶ԽԽߣоͿҪҸ˵Ľ࣬Щ̽ĸ£ȿֺĳ꣬ޱ޼ʵľʹӿҿʼ󺰴УĻζԼӡ
ûңֱұ۵Ļ˹ȥ
ΪһҵĻ͸ýˣȻֻǿʼһ۾ʱǱĶѵģֱһ޴ı֮УȫðźĴ顣
ңǳģһ˿ңÿһǽڶڲ
˫ֺ˫Ǳţá
Լʱ򣬷Ѫ岻ͣĶ£һʮֲֿĸоʱӽźһֱӵ˺ס
ҸоԼгڶ
꣬ô˵Щ֮̽ĳһֱûг
һ̣ϵ龰Ÿȫ¿ʼһЩһĶ˳ɫģЩ֮˺֮ϣأԷݣһ𣬻һһŵĺɫŧѪ
̲ǿֲǰžʹҳɤӴ󺰴Уûңһǻ˹ȥ
һֻ˴֮УеˮЩ߮ĳӡ
ܶʼ죬һߡ
ʼҶûпλүӡ
оԼƭˣֻ˵¶գȴûи˵˵
治֪λүΪʲôôֲֶˣôоЩ置׹֮
ʶѵʱϸһ£ܿ˹
λүӵʦѦҽǰһ置Ĵʦѧҽּ̳ѦҽĴУЩ׹֮Ҳ֮С
˻Ҳ֪Ū˼ѭڱڱŵʱѾһľ崲ϣһ˲
˫ֺ˫ŷ̶ֱ˴ľʯ֮ϡ
ֵϲǣһڿˣѦҵλүӡ
Ƿվҵߣ΢Цſҡ
ôζˬѦүЦ
ˬˬĿˡ˵
νһǣĵ÷˱㣬Ҫ̥ǣ͵ð¼Ƥ˻Ҫĥһ¡ѦүһҲ
ǰ¼Ƥô򵥣ֱǾ˫ĥһʹѾסˣ˵ٶҲûá
СŰǻһѹأ֮ǰǶùƳѾ˾һΣҪùʮͨͷųͿһˣͦȥǽԴϲͦȥѦֵ
Уһ룬ǲҩӦûʹҩԭоϢһʲôõķӦֱӸ˵֪
΢΢ĵͷʾȻ
λүӾ˴ССҵǰ
˵λүӱ㿪ʼϵҪѨ룬ÿһȥǴϵҪѨʹʶһ룬ЩٴεĻȥ


1301 л
ֻʹĿҪȥʱһʹѨλ˹ʼޱȵʹбŴԵѡ
ʼǼ룬һܹҧӲţʵǳŲסˣͿʼ˻
Ѧүֱӽһľҵھʹ֮нͷҧϡ
ھʹܶʼĥУһֱڸԼһҪȥܵЩʹ࣬ữ޾Լޱǿ
Ҳ֪ү˶룬֪ʱȥ˶á
ȻʱţͻȻоʼЩˣһϤϢҵ֮˳澭߶ȥϢͨʮֻм仹ܵ˺ܶ谭ȴϵıϴˢ忪
ֹãϢԽӵԣϵߣһδεҵ澭ѭ
λүʹҲ˺ܶࡣ
³˿еǸľЩϲ˵үӡҸоˡҿˡ
ҿλ˼ҵʱ򣬷λѾ죬ʪ͸ˣ֪ǽŵģ̫۵Եʡ
æ֮УѦүͻȻɫСţ룬ÿһ붼ޱҪټһǾܹɹˡ
˵ţѦүͻȻһʮ׳ߵҵСλãһȥ
Ȼ䣬֪ʲôʡ
Ѧүһҵ紦ʱҵĵ֮͵ľӿһ˲䴫澭Ȼϡڡһ¾ڳһŨĺɫɷ
һԺһֲӰԺ֮и˳ǸӰǱʬħ³ڤҷϢǳˮһ㳯ӿ˹û
ŭһͻȻҪҾõ͵ܣҪй
ǵŬҪʱ򣬲ŷ˫ֺ˫Ŷסˣһ㵭Ľ⣬з֣ԽͽԽ
СӿŲסˣѾ߻ħļˡһôߣûУһģҶƣʱѾֲ˭˵ˡ
ߣˣ򲻿ɳһеŬ֮һ棡
Ҳϻζ֫ƺѾƿأϵĴ巢ʹ
Ȼ䣬Ĳλƺְһ롣
һȥһɸΪ񱩵ӵ֮ӿ
ɲǼ䣬ƺӷģϲ
ӵĹ»ĲҽаԺҽУǷŭźǧͻһ֣Ǿǡɱ
ޱߵɱ¾ͱͷơ
˭Ҿ˭
ħħҺΣ
һҽл˲񷣬ҵϺӿԻص
Ȼ䣬˫һֱͦͦϵľ崲Ҳ޷֧ţʱ֧飬ϵֱӱˡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳһֵվҵǰǵл롣
һңɱǣ
ǻһңɱɱ
ҵ֮ڶһƬѪ죬ºڣϻһһĶ
ңꡣ
һʱ侹Ȼ벻Լ˭ˡ
ǰͷһ֮һ˱ãʧˣ֮зӡ̫ǿѾʼѱħˣ
ҵһˣµȥ֣
ˣħһǧǶ˻Ϊǧ˵ģһܳȥԲﶼѪɺӣ
硭šǻлᣬһûȥء
ǰִݣԴȴҲǻ
ұʮʹ࣬ϵĺڵԣһܵҪھֻһĿģҪѪǰš
ܲˣ
һĶĺܿ죬գۼĹӵؿڴ
һ֣ͳһͷĲץ˹ȥһɺɫϢӶֱͷȥ
ͷһ־˫ţһ֮չ˳ֵסӿǵ
ܣȥһ룬ҳŲס೤ʱ䡭
˵䣬һͷͳұ˹һץһɺ˹ȥͷңңĹһƣеĺܿٴһ𣬼ͷϯȥ
ǡһ췢һੵĹЦ֮ϵأһ¾ͽһͷ˹ֱסĲӣͷ۾͹˳вϵķ


1302 
˿̵ѾֲңֲڵԼ˭Ψɱ¾
ȶѪӯȫȲҪйҸо˿̵ѾöûŵѪǸҷζˡ
ץеͷڲϵķҵ˿־塣
˫ץססӵֻ֣һһϣһɹڰϣȥ
Сšס֡ҡǡ
ͷѵ˵ţʹģҸ֮ʼһ̣Ƕôֽδļ尾ģ˵ʹ࣬Ҵ˿еĶ
ֽ˵Լеĸо̫ˡ
ͷĿҪʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һһοٵĳ˹
ʱҲڞųĸӦҲ쳣ݣ΢һ紵ݶܾ۵ס
ǸӰٳʱҵһֻֻ΢΢һţһĪ֮˵Ӱֻһ٣㱻ǣ˹
Ҳһͷͷеһ
ֻͷ֮вûǰеֻǾȻ
ô
Ȼң
ŭϵأһɰĺɫɷӵͷϡ
ڴʱͷͻȻſڣҵһѪ
֮Ѫ
СͻԸңǺǡ
ͷ֮Ѫǰ׵ĵطͣһƬѪҵ˸⡣
ֻû뵽ǣͷﾹȻһ⧲֮䣬ǷȻͲҵ䣬һһһɾ޴֮Ǻڲĳɢ˳ڵӿݺ
Ǻɫɷ͵һգȫǳ֮л˹ȥ
ָоܲá
ʶ䣬ɿеͷҪֽĳӸγ
Ȼ䣬ղͷٴζ֣һ볯ҵĵﴦ˹ȥ
һϸϸ˽ȥ
Ȼ䣬ӵ֮ٴαӿһǿϢٵȫˢҵ;ޱ޼ʵľʹһ˹
ԼУҿĺһεڶȴһ⡣
֮еıѪƽһЩǺܿ죬Ҿ;ԼкüǿڻײȫһսڷɱڣǴ˿̵ңҲǻһƬ
˭ôˣ
Ϊʲôôʹ
˻ߵĴһ߱㴫˷죬Ȼǰ͵һڣʲô֪ˡ
ڰ׵ĺڰҵһֱԨ֮׹䡣
֪˶ãҵӺˣÿһ񾭶ʹ
һ۾۵۹ҺܲӦҽٴαϣ˷Σȫ۾ΧһС
ҷһС˺һѦλүӵķ֮С
üΣϤ
Ȼ䣬һЩ飬ڱˣΪλүӻָΪġ
Ժ֮һһϸСĳӡɽı飬Ȼλүùʮҽ⿪ӡĵ
룬ˣҼǵ룬һһЩӡʣµҾͲǵˡ
澿ʲôôһӡûأ
Ŭȥ룬ʲô벻ʱͷ۵Ҫ
һӣȻ䷢ԼӱģһӾͰĸһЩ
ȥѦҾȻˣǸʲô
𣿡ҳ溰һЩɳơ
ˡˣ
һϤǼΪŭ洫˹һٵĽŲ߶
Ƭ֮󣬵ѦСߵүүѦһӾͳҳ˹ɱڣ˵ͳ˹
ȥʲôŸղأ
ұţ޷㣬ۿǹӾҪݺݵҵϡ
ڴʱһǰͻȻѦõǰ棬һ־ץסĹӣЩȵ˵˼ҡȱŭ黹ûиǽˣ²̫ðɡ
ѦǰǻУץסеĹӲ֡
Ҷ㿪ңһ򣡡ѦÿͷϣһҪصģ
ÿǲ֣ҷϢĵҵǰ棬ֹѦö¶֡
ҶʱȦˣʲôأҵĹϵôã˼Ҵʲô


1303 治
һ֣ѦõվѦСߣɫҲҵĿҲ޵ĵ⡣
ҸСǿǹֵܣ֮ǰõĶܴһӣҲ̬ȡ
һʱЩܲˣŬϷ飬ʲôûһ룬ͷ۵
ڸѦýֲµʱұſ˵λ׷ʲô飬ΪҪҰҲҪиɰɣ
㻹˵λүôˣΪ˸ˣż켸ҹû˯㾹Ȼ𱨣˶֣Ϸɱ㣡Ѧ۾ˣŬȥѻе֡
ҵͻȻ͡䡱һ£оת
ôܣ
λ˼ҶҶɽüζҵôܶ¶֣¶Ҷš
˵λүӶ֮ͬҾɱԼҲ֣ܶ˲ɣҲЩŭ⣬¶ɲܿտڰϹ˵ҵͷϡ
ѦѲеҧгݵ˵Լ黹ϣѦҶһֱҲ缺ΣأȻλү˳ǰģڶδ
˵˵ţѦּȻ
ĵǲɵҲˣľ벻
ڴʱͻȻѦСߵĸѦɵ洫˹Щ˷ܵĴ󺰵ˡλ̫үˡ
δ䣬Ѧɿ֣æĳ汼˳ȥѦСĿһۣҲ첽
˿̣ʣһصĻкɣһ±Ƶҡ
ȫ¶Ľģ޷ɻ󣬱㿴˳ĻкɣãȻϻʲôܸܲ˵˵
ǰһϸۣЩʵ֪˭𣿡
⻰ʵģôôأû˵ⲻϻôɣϲŮǻУ޷𷨣ͰȾƳ⣬Ů۾ֱ
кɱ˴˶һۣвŵĲǵϷˣ
ҳƬ̣ŵֻǵһλүùʮľҴͨʣʱ򣬺ǳһЩ״ڵڶȥ֮Ҿʲôǵˣⴲϴˣ˴ӡ
Сǲǵú淢ˣʱӦóʲô״˼˵
ôˣܸܲ˵˵Ҽ
ʵأϣλүӸͨʱҲڣλү⽫ǽйģ˵ΪӦͻ״λүӸʱȴǴֻǰԺȺһֱ˺ҹǶЩ˯ͻȻԺһ죬ǸϹȥʱ򣬷ڸ˵ǸطѾΪƽأλүӶ̮ķӵ£ҿⷿӶǲľṹǺܿͽǸ˳
ʱ˶ǻδѣϵǿʲô˺ۣλүȴѪ߰ߣҲ϶һӡںڷϣԱȣүӲϵӡģ׵ľǱҪλүӵȥģҿǷֵļʱʱλүӶпڣСߵүүæλүӽеľΣǱסˡ
ڲȷ㵽׻ûΣԣǾͽҲûа취顣
˵ҾȵĿɿڴҡҵʱôˣôԶλү¶أ
¶͸ŹŹ֣Ҹġ
еļ󶼱ҸɵģҲûа취
˿̵Щֱ̿Щ治ˡ
һʱ䣬㺶ͷΣԶɱһҪܡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôᷢ飬ҺϻΪˣ㲻ʱ׷ʲô飬ֻλүΪãλүӶ˹ǹȥһʱ֪ѵ
һһڵҲʮ֪˷ʲôæߴٻкɽҲҪλүӲС
кɲûаҴϵȻһЩ䱸ģұţ̧һ֮С
ʱǰŴϣ뷢԰׵ͷλ˼ҵɫܲʮֳأ԰۾ѦáѦɺС߷ֱվλ˵ԱߣɫȻ


1304 ܶϾ
һλģ絶һ㣬¶ģҲԭԼ
һ絶ӰĿҵϣǺ޲ɱҵĶС
кɽķ˵ϣҵ˫Ȳľͨһ˵ϡ
λүǲˣҲľȹҵһӦܵá
ҸչѦñŭ㻹ʲôҶѦжôĶ飬ǽʱգѦҵ־͵ΪֹˣѦҸҲûаֹϸԺҵҲ̤ѦҰ벽ҪȻͱϷ飡
ѦõĻҲ̫һЩ꣬жֵʼٸߣܵã
үҲ
ңϷɳܲסһү֣߰ɣѦһ˦ӣݰֶԡ
ôҲ뵽龹ȻŪزίͷµûţ޲˸һܹʹһЩ
һӴ֮ϴ˹
Ѧүӵ
˼һ˵ԭŭѦöʱϻ̳Ͽֵ˵үү˼ĺܣǲ˶Եĺá
ѦòɵĿ˵
үɰѦֵֻ̿
ˡѦҶû˿Ϸ˲ɣѦүȻ
ҡѦ֣ѦһͬѦүӸ
Ѧүӵɫĺܲ绨˵ĲϹһޱȵӡڵķϣӡҵģӡҵ͵ĳ鴤һ£类Ŀһһ㡣
Ѧүӱ֮˼£һſھ³һѪĭӣŵѦҵļɫ䣬Ѧȴ˰֣ʾԼ޴󰭡
һ֮ѦſѦһۣһߣѦҵĹϵ˵Ͼܶϵģ˵ϷûˣѦҵĹϵҲܶϾûңûѦңﻹЩѦҵĶɡ˲壬޶֪֮Ѧ֮ϢȫҵĶݣФԲѣѦҵĹϵֵ֮ܶУǴТɷҲ
Ѧүһʱ˵ļɵÿһ˿Ѫ˳ǻ
үӶŭѦҵļȫ˵ϣϻ̳Ͽ֣Ѧøʹ飬ί˵λү֮ˣҶͣҪҡ
ô󵨡ѦүӴŭ۾أԵɵԲ
ѦúĻûٸ˵ߵͷ֪ˡүүŭӣѴ̡
㻹֪ϷӣղǷ˵ģϷûѦһֲȿȿȡѦүԽ˵Խٴο
Ѧݺᣬſĺܵͺܵ͡ҽԴ̧
Ҳѹһһεģѣ˵ѦҵˣԼԼ
ô벻ͨΪʲôҪλ֡
ѦҵλүӣѾһټʮˣѦҾһĴڣҲǸ߸ϣݲð¡
λүӱ˳ģѦҵ˿϶ܲˣ飬ȫܹᡣ
Ƭ֮ѦүҲ˼ѦС߽
ү˵ҲᣬѦòȥɨһۣĿҵϡ
֮ѦүӲŵҴ˵ѦҵĹϵܶϾ϶ˣҵҲӦͬﻥ˭ҪأѦҵˣֵܶ˾Ȫ֮ҲԭġϷ飬ֲС⺢ӡǵĲ
˵˶һ㶣ѦҲ̧ͷѦҵλɡ
ô᲻أ
ҵ˴һ𣬶ǲӡҲٷְҵġ
ɻ󲻾ʱѦŵǵС⺢ħħԣʱǶ˸СŴͨʱ΢һЩأС⺢߻ħһʰʶڵʱѾȫħڸǣħֶֻ֪Ѫɱ¾ʶǰ˭ԣСŵʱ޷ԼŻǴ֣˶ԴС⺢ӣҪġ


1305 Ƿ켫
ʱҲŻȻ򣬹ֲߵڶʱҾʲôǵˣԭʱѾ߻ħΪкö˶˵ģòʲô鶼ûأ
ңҲһ֮Ѧҵ˿ҵĿҲࡣ
кҲһƸղҲΪһ亹
鶼Ѿ˵ˣһж˵
ǲզأλүӶǱħ֮ˣܻǹȥǸ𣬹ڵһҲҶֻܾҵ
ѦүӴϢһֵʱС⺢ͻȻ߻ħħԴ󷢣ڻûеȫʧصĳ̶ȣħҲҪһ̵ģʱֻڽħǻлɳˣǶ˵ʱҪɱԾ󻼣һħȻ¾޹ǧǶ˱Ϊǧˡǵʱ²ȥ֣ƴһСһ룬ƽ֮֮УǶ˲ŻᱻСˣԣһ뻹⺢ӵϣħйⷿûСǶ⺢ˡ
˵Ҳ֪ʼĩԭôһ¶ʱһǲˡ
ʱѦôӵվߵҵߣҴӵĲӡǶԲסˡղϷˣ֮ǰ˵ЩֵĻҲҪȥǶͷϵĻġ
үɱ˵ңΪңҲᷢ飬ͽԼ߰˻ˡޱϵ˵
Ѧ̾ϢһҲֻһҵļ򣬽žͽϵ⿪ˡ
һ⿪֮Ҷʱɿ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ򣬰ڴϵѦүͻȻ˵СŰ
Ӧһ˹ȥͨһ͹λүӵĴǰһ̣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôޡ
˵ж᲻ᵯȴδĴ
ҲģǸоĪ飬λүȻûʲôѪԵϵȴʤһ㡣
ѦүӲ֣ҲֽסүӵֱЩ΢΢ҽԴȥȫֱϣϢĹ¡
úӡһ㣬Ҿʱ簢ֵģ߰˷ƣԣһ㣬϶Ǵϲ顭ǧҪϣûжĹϵﲻܣͿ޳ˡѦүһֻ֣ĦҵԴ˵
صĵͷľ͸һЩ
ǰСšǵ㲻õģԼԼ֪Щƣ˵㲻ʲôҵһһʱվͿȬˣҽ֮£϶Ǹ˵ڶû˸˵һѦүһҲο
λүӱ˳ǻعͷοң޵ݵĸо
Ƭ֮Ҵӱ֮лع
ѦүʲôͻȻˡСŰڸоΣ
һ£֪˵ɶЩ·ֻ㶵Ŀ
ϷܷˡΪлָѦүӽ͵
׹±Ŵ߶һƬ֮һȵϢӵм澭Щ΢ǰˣҲϲѣܱ֮ǰΪʧõĶࡣ
£ұصĵͷ˵ˣ֮ǰһЩ
֮ǰ˵̫أϴ跥ܻ֮ͨҪһʱģʱ䣬֮ΪɻָһϣʱգΪֿͻͽ֮࡭Ѧү΢Цŵ
ǸϢλүӳлѡ
ѦүֵһõϢ㣬α֮󣬵ȫָ֮ʱͿ㵤зӡǿˣܣҪһЩһǿȫ֮ΪͿԴﵽһֵǷ켫ĵزǸ㵱үȣҲѷɫȥ
ҲһըԵ֮ϲһֱ֮зӡǿҶ޷ƿأǰڱ³ڤʬħһǿΪһһܱʳΪԼãĳһ죬ܹƿ޷飬Ҫըˣ


1306 Ѧҵ
¶Ҳܸ˵̫磬ղѦүҲ˵ˣҪȫڵǿɾһʮḶ́ŪþǺµ飬һлÿ컯
˵һҲø֮УԸ³ڤѱʬħʱ򣬻ʬħһҵĵ֮УͻȻͱ˺飬Щ⧲
ʵһʼĳĲģֻϣָܹǰģٲãҲܳΪһˣҲøܹеĻᡣ
ºˣ鷢չԶеĺ̫ࡣ
һ¸˵ô࣬λүӵɫ͸Ӳ԰ˡ
˵Щ飬Ѧ΢΢һ֣Ÿǵˡ¡ǸɢȥɣǶҪúõ˯һˡ
˵ţѦ۾
ˣҲҶӴţ׷˳
߳䷿ӣǾֱСԺ֮С
һ޲һ
˵ڵȸʱ࣬ȻΪָʮֶûУоҲԶһͨǿ̫ࡣ
ʱһ뿪λү˵Ҫ
ͻȻ䣬ҵļ˸һ£һͷһѦСߣɫÿ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰҵдһ˿ߺޣʱҾֵ֮ܲһ˿ҡ
һ֮󣬽ֳҵؿڴһȭŭ˵СţҾ֪㲻ɳģ֪Ҹղô𣿡
ҡҡͷʾ⡣
ѦС۾һУ׺ݵҪȷǹλүֵģ˵ʲôҲҪ㣡ڣ㻹֮ǰǸСţûйҶһƬ֪λүӶѦζʲôǾѦҵ죡
ȫܹ⣬λүӾѦҵľ֧һǲˣѦҵ
һѦСһȭͷлңǻǺֵܣ
ţҾסѦСߣһ˳ŷȥ
λүҪ֮ⷨдҲв㣬ҲڷţǱȻҪѦҩ̣ҵ塣
ڣкҲϲã˵ҲҪҴҲüį
ҵõĸҩ֮ǰλүӾҩӣֻҪÿ찴ʱҰƷñá
㣬˾Ѧҩס
Ѧסʱ䣬ѵõУѦҩÿ˶ﲻͨĴ񣬻кܶɫɫĽߣһʼһ죬ҾѦСߴһкܶ߾ϳ
⼸꣬ұûУڽϻͷĴ󣬱Ĳ˵ƾɱһصĳħһ𽭺飬ᣬϢ̫һڲסܷҳһЩƬһصҸеıҵշ˳Ūľ˽֪
߶ύϳ֮󣬱̸ϵ˲ôԴǣİЩųѰӦ꣬Ҳò
Ǻ˾ȻǿģЩĽ˵Ҫһ档
֮£ҾѦС߸˵뿪˴˴־ƽϢ
ںԺҲûţѦСĥƲҩֱֱǵ˿ʹ
ҲӦõģѦôĶݣֲǮܼҲ
ڼ䣬һҲаæѾͷˮ飬ĿôһƯǰƣҲһ顣
Ѿͷʱ˺ܶ࣬һѾûʲô⣬Ҫʱĵһʱڻ޷뿪ġ
Ҳ˵ѦС߻лὫӸµġ
֮Ҳһһ绰һƽһ˵ǱߵѾĲˣٹһʱͻᵽڵҼ棬ʲôʱȥկ顣
żãҵýҵΪָǰˮ׼С
ǸѵӣҴ̼һطֻѦִ죬ҪߣȥϳҰչȥ棬˳տżиĸ
СӵƱᣬѾָĲˣѦСҲû
˵ҲǣͰչϳǣҲģһصҪҸĸ飬һֱҵͷ󻼡
ҳȥ֮󣬵һ飬ǽǶ͵éɽ
ڼ䣬ѦСȥǷ֮пλүӣ֮ѦСɫôã˵λүӵƲû˵ô򵥣ǵ;ͺܴˣȻôصˣ˵һʱܺõģΪˣѦСҲǲϵİ̾ϢüȻѵ֪ʲôֲ


1307 ҩ
ѦλүΪҿģ⽫ϵ˵ĲôأʵҲҽҲܿλүӵ״ͦصġ
Ͼһټʮˣвأпɥ
ѦСߵ˵Ҿ͸ȷһ㡣
ʱҾѦСûʲôֻ֮ҪȥҲϧ
ѦСҡͷ¶Щ鷳Ҫλ˼ҵ̫ˣһֱȥĻ϶²ħ壬裬ȫΣ໹иĻͷܹҵһζҩģ̱Ԫܽħ⡭
˵֮ѦСߺͻȻʲôͻȻֵˣСţҼǵ֮ǰһǧ֥֪ûУеĻǸλү˵ҩ
˵ǧ֥ڶϻµеʱֻǧҵģʱ͸һ꣬ͱҸùˣֻǲ֪Ƕϻµ»ûⶫҵǿԹȥҡ
ǧ֥żȻģùˣҵǿȥһҡһص
ѦСεҡҡͷ˵ǧ֥Ҳĵرһ֣ѩһֻǽѩֻ֮ܳһΣǧֶ֥ȴҪǧ꣬ǧ󣬲ôҵģڰ֮ǰһЩʱ򻷾Ҳûƻô֮䣬ԣкܶɽ֣ڣ˵ǧ֥ˣһģѾΪ
ɲõģȥô֪ǽѩôѸ㣬һҵУһʱ䣬¶취ҵ
СŰʱȽϳ·ֱȽҰҵʮ㣬Ҫʵû취ˣ¶ҲŲڡѦСЩȵ˵
С߸磬һ˲˵һλү֮ŪӣѴ̣ҷģȻҲҴƱһܹҵһᾡеŬɫ
ѦСصĵ˵ͷٴ˵ǾͶ࿿ˣʱ䣬ҲѰ̽һŬҾˡ
ӦһһֵˣС߸磬Ҿʣǧ֥֮⣬ûĵرܹλүӵˣϵıˮ顭
ˮ϶ǲУƹ˵ǿԣҪ˵ƷеģǧɽΣǧڣԣȻԽԽãҩͲ֢ˡѦСֵ
ԭôѡ˾ͺðˡ
ҿȥϻµңܲҵֻǧҲĻֻڵ˰æˣǮһܹģϻӶϻµ´ĴôҲӦùˡ
ܹŴϹϵʵͦġ
ãʱҲҪȥһ˾éɽҸĸ͹ȥéɽſҲǶԶ¶һ˾͸ˡ
һʱ䣬ҺѦҴ˼죬ÿնҪȸֲҩʮȫָĻͦġ
ֹ֮ɵҲָ߰˰ˣǸǣ˵Ҫԥϼһˣʲô飬ϵ
źˣһνûؼţѦҴ⼸죬Щ겻ᡣ
Ҳûߵʱɻ˵Ҫȥǹկʱ˳һҲʶʶаŵĵط
Ǹ缸Ĺǣ³ڣʲôǻ϶ܷ׻ȥկȻ
ҺѦСһֱ뿪˺ҶȣߵʱҸٿǮ·ѣҲҪ治֪ôôֵĹء
ȥ֮ҲûѦҴ̫ãһǵĸĸǱߵİΣﻹǹŸλүǧ֥飬ֻǶĹ⾰оԼΪָһ룬ѦҸǣжȥ
뿪Ѧ֮ǰһȥ˷֮иλүӸ˱λүӱȰ֮ǰɫ࣬Ҳܹµ߶ǾȥԴǰ
Ƕˣ;óģѹһʯͷ
бţǿǷѦҵ̫࣬ǧ֥ǻƤ棬һҪŪ֣Դ˱ѦҵĴ¡
뿪Ѧֱ֮ϳǣص˼Сǽ䱸ɭϣص߶ŵҲȫ
һжǸڱ棬صЩ޷סҵļˣһһصٴζֵĻȻɳΪĸֳ˵Ͱ׻һ֣ʱصԵñ࣬мүĪĸڣҲܵסһصλϼĸ֡


1308 ִ˦
ڴˣҲò콫ҸĸתƵһȫĵطҲŻûκι˼ɣԷĴ󵨵ԼҪ顣
һȥѦҴֽһ£صʱ򣬷ֶѾů֪УһͷֽҪȥˡ
ĸҵĵȻǻϲѣǵ׼ȥéɽûУǵɫͱԥƺ뿪ط
ǵ뷨Ҳ֪һЩһ벻ң²ϰ
һʼǴӸ߸ڴᵽУܻòǸСһᵽȥס˼ңܻô˸߿һۣĳϢˣ治˷ӣһӵ˳ȥס
ˣһ棬Ǯ࣬ÿʮֳʵ
ոϰȴҪ磬ȥʲéɽ
˵ֱ췽ҹ̷һ顣
ǣҵĸĸ˽éɽéɽҲеéɽһʤذˣʵéɽڶ츣֮Уһǲ˽磬츣أӯһʺеĵطһͨסҲԵõ٣һ˼ȥҲҲʲôط
룬Ƕéɽסϰˣ϶ֲϰˡ
Ҷָ֮֮λ˺˵һ£¶˾ģһͬȥéɽ
ǸС̣ţλ˼һܲߣΪʲô
ȴ˵СﻹкöණЩǰʱսģڼ⼸죬ÿԽСĶ˴˦ˣҲǿ
ũĳ˶ʮֽڼЩҲܹ⣬Ӧ
ҲǰһԸұǡ
ʵǵǣéɽǻǮģ뻹û˵
ڣЩҲûʲô飬һ쿴ǣͲõҪǲˡ
ãҲ⼸ʱ䣬ٻָһ塣
ǶϴӦ֮Ҿ͸үүһ绰ȥ˵һҸĸӦȥéɽ飬үүӦһ˵ã⼸æˣΰƽջȥһˣȥéɽ
ΰƽéɽڳҢ˵ͽò
ҸéɽĽ飬ûкõܰ˽ȥ
Ͼéɽⶴ츣أҲʲô˶ԽȥģģܹҲûмĵط
Ǳ֪éɽɽŵĽ֮ʮصġ
үүǺæӣҸ˼˵ûҵ˵绰ʼգҶûиҴӱ֮󣬵⣬Ϊʧ飬ûѦλүӵ
˼֪λɣѦҵ֣ǹһٲɡ
ûɶ¸鷳Ūﲻ졣
ԣҰ͸ĸһ𣬾ͶСִ˦
Դһص֮ص˾ʹСﳷ˳Ҳɼ졣
ػصĶˣصʮչǼҵ⣬ûĹС̱㱻ɨһգڶֵĺϲ£죬ûһͷ󻼡
ǵСҸᡣ
Ҵڼ⼸죬кͰչҲҲֹһΣ˵û¶ͳתƣڵʱС̶ῪţСڣ̤ʵ
ǿ϶ˣڵİչͻΪͣȥֶһǰ;Ҳ㲻ڵΪһʲô̶ȡ
˽չ˱þӽĹԪնֶΡ
ҶЩǡ
С̵ʱ򣬻˸ص鿴ŵļүӣҲָĲˣҼ䣬һڵ֪ҵѾָһܹ뵤зӡǼǿ֮Եʮָˣ˵Ǻˡ
սҲõĲˣҺҰҰϽ飬λ˷Ҫս̣գ˵˵
ʲô㣬ǲԺҲϳǴˣҲûãһֱ·ƯδͣЪ
ߵҵļңϳҿ϶ҪģкܶǣҺ˶
ĵط
һ˵ʱһȥҺʶĵطѾ˷ǣڣҶȷʱɰҲһ£ȴ²ǸģҺ֪𰸣֪ѾĴ𰸣Ųʣ룬һ֪ˣ붼ûˡ


1309 éɽ
ףһ֮ˣһˣȴҲŲ£ʱҾѾˣĳһʱ̣ĳһ羰ϤĵطҵͷлǲĻǸˣԺôҲ֮ȥ
һֲΡ
ִ֮ڼҵ˼죬ΰƽ٣˵̫æһֱѲٳҲֻ죬ͻȥ
Ҳ֮УصһֱǷȱȱֶ֣ǻĸŵĶ֣һ㶼ѡǳҲٽ빫ŵ
͹֮һĸҴڡ
߶ᱻΪͷ󻼣ҵԴ
ΰƽһҰʱЩˣǻЩ᲻뿪
Ҳûа취
ѡ뿪ʱڰҹˣһøǿһӣͷСĺţҹʱ֣һϢĴӺ˳ֱ˳档
֮ˣһص̽ڼǣڰ·ϸɱôˡ
һ˳˳֮ΰƽͷ˳ӣžéɽȥ
ֵһ˵ǣ׼뿪ϳǵǰһ죬չҰһﲻǱģһʼǱԣһһ̫ܳ壬רŸʼǱõģ֮⣬һƶӲ̣Ӿ͵Ӱй㳡ɶġ
ЩҲ֪ܴܲéɽҲǰչһ⣬϶ĻһֻЦɣҰһⶫҲϲѣéɽʱҲ̫ģеӰӿɿ
ⶫҾýȥӦҲûɶ⣬òߣéɽҲûУҪһܲųĶéɽķ綼ᱻΣ֮ɶִĵӲƷǶ츣֮ڶûźŵġ
̫϶һģ̫ܳ壬ܹԴԴϵĸʼǱ硣
ðչܹ⣬˵չСӵѧܸߣƴѧıҵߵУʵټ˵Ǻ
о仰˵úãɶţåĻĺܿ¡
˵ĺǰչ
֮ǰҲˣһ֮Ǿһȥկ飬Щ죬λҲЩеܣ۶ӳƤ
չȥˣҲֱ̫ӷ˴
ӴҹʼҰ豾ʮ㣬ôҲ˯ˣЩԵʡ
Ҹĸ棬ҺΰƽЩҲ˵ֻЩ޵ĸһ±飬Ҳ˼򵥵Ļش
˴éɽǧ֮ңһ·֮ϣҸΰƽǻſ
ֱʱ֣ǲ˾éɽĽ¡
طΣÿζǧַүæֵ˽ҴǶ츣֮С
λȨأéɽɽŻרŸéɽ˳롣
һΣȴòǧַүϵˣ˼ΰƽéɽĶ츣֮дʮĹ⾰ᳵ·
ΰƽǴߵһ·
ֱɽһ۵ĺɽС·һ·Ѷϡ
éɽķ羰ʮ䣬ǳȴҲһ⾳
ҰһֱڴٳԶţ˵ôһڣһһôԶĵط
λһߣһƣ͵ǳˣ˿̿ãް⡣
ǸΰƽһֱСʱߵҰȶˣΰƽȫǳһЩСУʮߡ
ҷ֣ɽ֮Ҳм򵥵ķãΰƽһֱǸ󣬲ǵӡ
ߵɽʱ򣬴һôͻȻˣ˶ǵʿ磬ʮ꣬ʲôˣéɽأҴϽȥ
ңΰƽǰߵʿߡ
˿̵ΰƽһɫɽװʿϸΰƽһۣʱϲ׷ǰһʿĵѽԭʦ֣һ빫ţöûлéɽˣôˣ
Сӣ֮ѵܻéɽҵĲɣΰƽڳֳСʿҲΡ
ղǵʿȴǺٺһЦ˵ҲҡʦҾôһʣڿéɽĴˣڹŵԺéɽڹ֮Ҳˡ
Сӣǳػΰƽװõ
ʦĸҰ˵ţСʿ̧ͷͻȻΰƽˣüͷһֵ࣬ʦ֣⼸λ˭éɽɽģҪȻʦǿҪ𷣵ġ
ģéɽĹҶǾȥʦ˵³Һ˿ţٽȥҲ١


1310 ôͨ
Сʿΰƽܣæٴγߴ˹Щ֮ɫ
һСʿæλǴնɱһصħλ
⻰оЩɣΰƽʱˣû˵ϻ³ػмģϽȥʦ壿
˵˵϶éɽĹͣȻá
λСʿ˵ţƹΰƽֱ첽ߵҵǰһһ˿˵ʿ׹Сˡ
һСʿҲһ㣬ĸһ
룬ҵͷéɽĶ츣֮ˣλСҲҵҲһ֣Сʿһ񣬿˵³λͷͨһлл
˴˺֮λСʿתˣһߣһ߻С۵һΪͷۣߴԭ˹ģû뵽
ǰǰţһɱħһصЩаϵûһǧҲа˰٣֮󣬻ǸеȫһһСʿҲ
λСʿߵĿ죬ӾͿӰˣ֪õʲôֶΡ
æҰעתƣָԱһطǿ羰үģڽЩ飬ҸĸһŲ֪ڼǶҵԱأһһɱħöˣŻ˲ɡ
λ˺֪˵ʲôֻվںҲһϻ̳Ͽֵģ
ǸûôԶţּ̡
ΰƽʱվߣͣĿοţ˵Եһͻǽȥˡ
˵ţΰƽĿںɽһƬͣɨЩ룬ϾĵطڻعǰĹ
Сʿʮ֮ͻȻɽ֮ҶҡΣһƬգۼĹ߾Ͷһˣƾðһ㡣
ΪЩϵȥʮң뷢߰ףһɫĵۣɷǵģһ֣һƮƮɵĸоϵĞųǿ
˱éɽɽŻˡ
سɴֶҲֹùһˣξȻҲ֣⧲
һǣǱЦ⡣
ΰƽæǰһӰݼʦ塭
ţСӻˣûһжðɣЦе˵
һжãлʦΰƽص
Ҳ첽ǰһ񣬵ݼˡ
úúáҲĹ⾰ûˣڽЩ£ƶҲжţ̶̼Ĺ⾰ɳزʵƶĿ࿴ƶûп㣬ԺĽ˵ñ˵ˡ˶Ǻһٿ䡣
ҸĸĿɿڴ˺ƾճֵֶΣѾҸĸܲˣٿⳤ࣬Ѿ·һ㣬һͷʱλ˼ҵȶӶЩͷݵĳ嶯˵ֱġ
æһ֣˹ˣСǰԶЩҲбѿĳɷ֡
ţұ㿴˸ĸһֵۣˣСéɽһҪ󣬻ܹͨƽˣСһ桭
üͷһɽ϶ûʲô⣬ƶҪƽˣ˵ˣ֪ƽΪ£ܷǰƶ͸©һ
ҳһ£ֱӿżɽ˵ģС⼸߽һЩңεҪҼ˶֣֮£Сֻܽĸ͵éɽϣéɽܹҸĸһʱ䡭СŸм
˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ԭôһ¶˵˵ҪͨéɽϻУƽҲȫҷģƶ߿϶ûʲôģϣҲʹɽǡ
Слˣٴιֵ
˵ţ˳Ҹĸ΢΢ͷǴкһ֣һƣԼǰ·
Ҳλˣ˵ȥ
ĸӶǶģЩʵСŰղŸ˵λôøƵġһգ۾ͳˣôͨ
һػҰֵֽСŰɽ֮ǲҪЩһĵסһ𰡣
ϣ⻹ûɽأǾѾˣҪǽȥָ֮ᾪȳʲôء


1311 éɽС
һһ࣬ĸ򵥵Ľһͨ˵Щéɽϵ˲ʲôɣֻǶһЩⱾĸˣ˲̫һˡ
ȻҰǲҲͦģҪȻéɽôĵΪɶҿͿģ
⣬ұǫ̬ȣֻ˵ұһ㣬éɽϵĵҪǸΰƽ޴ӣéɽϳġ
λЩŽɣһ·ߣһ·ɽƯľ¡
һǰ˴ԼһСʱĹ⾰˺ɽһƬ֮УϸȥľЩӰӰ´£ֱ˵۾ķãרԻ˵ġ
˴˴˾ͣóڲֱݸҺΰƽ
ҪéɽĶ츣ˡ
ϴʱ򣬺Ǵߵģƽéɽ츣أֹһţǺš
ȻⶼҵĲ²⣬档
˸ڲסҸĸ˫۵ģⲢ֪éɽ츣صİ취ʮأҲ϶Ҳ·ϴξţéɽһټʮǰ츣ر̵˸ƹһΣéɽ𣬶éɽĶ츣Χķε޸ģÿһν붴츣صķһΪˣһ֣רŸɽš
ڲе˵ͷһéɽڶ츣Χķ֮Уͬһʱ֮УܲϷİ֮⣬пܿûмľ󣬾ʲô˭Ҳ֪źڲ¶Ͽ˲ÿĶܵʲô̼
Ҽ򵥵ĸĸһ£ұһɣλ˴ǿڲ
ұ裬ΰƽֱҰ֣˲ķéɽĶ츣صɽš
һΰɢŽâĴţȻǵǰ
ȻǵһοȴĸеĪ
Ŵͣéɽܲķ󣬻治һľס
ɽһȻߣҵ㼣ãǧ򲻿ɴ⣬ߴһ˭Ҳ֪ʲôĺʱƶҲȲǡ
ʦ御ǰ߱ǣǲġΰƽɫ
ŵ˵ͷǰȥܣۻңӦǹŻ˽ŲҺΰƽҲܹϡ
֮У紵ľÿһһĸоͣıãܹһЩֵ
Ҳȥľ£ֻǽĶ˵ĺ󱳣Ƿģߴ·
Ҳ֪˶ãڳⷨ˶츣֮УܵİͻȻʧһգͷȥʱ򣬷ЩֵľȫˣֻããȺɽдеľҲ֪˶١
һܾô˴ӯʵеľ֮ء
һǱ㽫Ҹĸ˴ӺϷλ˼ãȻĳܿȥһ۾ɵԲ֪ԼôͻȻطǰľɫȫһ紩Խһ㡣
˽Ųͣͷһۣ㾶ֱǰȥ
һдšéɽľ޴Ʒпɽŵéɽӣ޲Ϳĺʦʦ壬ʶΰƽģǰĸΰƽк̸ΰƽéɽԵǺܲġ
Ҳ֪үүôΰƽڲƭ˳ȥ顣
ҲҿżˣҲǰ˵ʮУǶ겻һ㣬ҲһһӦ
˵ӰЩһ켣˲ٺ䶯Ĵ飬éɽҲг߶ˣû˵
ȦһԶĹǾǾηǿߡ
Ϊߣǿߵﶼᱻ˸߿һۡ
ƷͣƬ̣˼ǰߣʱɫѾЩ΢΢
ڶ츣֮У˺óһξ룬ԶԶܹԶв̨ͤ¥󣬻ɽ䵭֮Уǻɾһ㡣
ԴҸĸ۾һֱûͣҲû˵㾰۾Ͳġ
һֱߣ߹Сźͤȣɫ΢ڵʱһСͣ
ߵһͻȻһ飬ԭطвͨ˵ĴڣǰʱҸûмط
ǵǰСסӦٻ˼ңСӵĽֵϣкܶͨػص߶̸֣Ҳоʮ
һߵΰƽЩͨ˶ʲô·Ϊʲôڶ츣дţΰƽ΢΢һЦŵкܶéɽߵļˣЩǴӹģҲЩԭס񡣡


1312 ݻҢ
éɽһɣɻȢǿԽӵģС֮оסıéɽʿļ˶ŮЩУЩûʣҲС֮Уͨһ
ΰƽ˵éɽ츣еС򣬳˲ͨ磬ûеӲƷ֮⣬ĸ綼࣬ʱ򻹻мУǮֻﻻֻҪ߶úʣԻཻ
طѧУרŽĺͯҲǶһ֪
ЩӲѧϰҲ͵棬ɣéɽʮֶñͨġ
ôͨסһˮĴŵ۵ʿλ˼ҵ鿴ƺ࣬ҲЩЦ⣬һԺ㲻̫ζ
˾ֱǰߣ˼ֵСӵһԵһƬС֣㿴һĵСԺ
ط˵ľԺס˵ӣһԼʮ긾ˣ֪ģ˲ûʲôãֻסĵط
͵֮˱˵Ҹĸڴ˴Ҵһʱ䣬ȥƽˣȻһ򵥵ĳϻᣬһΰҸĸ⡣
Ƚ⣬кܶͨ˲٣ǻ϶éɽߵļˣҸéɽĹϵҲéɽйԣҪλéɽĳһ£ĳһֱӾ˵ġ
⣬˽ǰ֮󣬱ȥȥϵƽˡ
˵ķ˴ʮֿҸĸ£ҲûʲôС
˼֮󣬱æ˵Ҫȥһ·һ춼ûôԶҲЩˡ
ҺΰƽʲôڳŲס
һ·ϣҾȻˡ
ΰƽЩżȥʦҢˣֻ˵ҸĸķͿԣҪȥݻһҢˡ˻Ļ˵һ
ǷʮֿҲӦ
ĸ˵ҪߣЩᣬֻ˵ǳȥһܿͻǲŷ뿪
ţҺΰƽҴ뿪˴˴éɽڶȥ
éɽéɽһʮƫƧĵطһ·֮Ϸ֣ܲȥΣ֪еգһ·˰СʱĹ⾰ǲŵéɽڵĵ档
ʱɫѾȫéɽڵӰأ˸оЩɭ
ΰƽᳵ·һ·ϽŲͣҸ棬̫Զ˷һʮֿµ顣
вʱǺڳѪ۾Ϸë
ΰƽһһ˫ɫĴ۾ʱϲ֣˫۾˴һڣѪ۾˳ҲԵʮ˷ܣΧת˺üȦ
һʮ׶ĹҢģһǵ֣йū
ȻūΰƽĹϵܲǰһ׶ӶûУƤӡ
ūʦɺãΰƽ˷ܵʵ
࡭ǹūסĵͷϵĺɫڣϵ㵸
ǰ·ɣūҪȥʦΰƽֵ
ǹūֽһת첽ǰȥҺΰƽ󣬴һƬ֣ΰƽ˼ͷվǰС
طéɽʦķĵطֻҪéɽӣߵﶼ
ȻҲéɽӣҪеģΰƽһ
һ·ǳӣǰһںСԺǹūѾһСԺ֮С
Һΰƽſڵʱ򣬵ҢѾվֳŷſڵȺϹһ˿Ц⡣
ΰƽһҢˣ˼ͨһ͹˵ϣͷӰݼʦʱһֱûʦʦ
ɡ⺢ӣʦͽˣֺα˿Ң΢Цŵ
Ҳæǰһһ֣ҢˣһҲкüûˡ
Ң˿ңЦⲻϣסĵͷ˵úúáСӸеʱ򣬻һëͷСӣçײ꣬żĹ򣬾Ѿڽ֮ϻķˮٲȻһˣƶҲû뵽Сӻɳ˵زҵĺˡ
ҢˡСŻǰСţûб䣬ֻΪһЩҿ
ɡ˵
˵ţҢתߣǶý
żյ͵ƣһС˱ΧǷΧûãһСͯǰǶ˲ˮ
Ң˸æԸСͯһ׼Щʳ


1313 ǳ
ʦãôûгԷģΰƽЦʵ
һ֪Сӣ϶һéɽһҪܵΪʦ˵ϳԷʦ赭ɱȲǹо⣬ʹպųԵɡҢҲЦ˵
ٺ١ʦ˽ҡΰƽֵ
ʦͽůĻ棬ʮֵĽͻȻʶһ飬Һûʦŵʱ򣬾үүָһȻӸһϴûٹңȻҰɣԳһҵ֡
˴˺˼䣬ҢɫһңɫСŰ⺢׼䲻éɽһˣʲôɣ
⻰ʵ˵ϣҵ˵ͷҪſڣһԵΰƽʦģСҲҿųɳģһʲô֪çײ꣬ɳ񽭺һֵٮٮߣʣĥأЩ˵һЩҲ֪ǰʱ䣬ȥһ˱ʹ˹ȥֱӽһĺƽˣնɱǰ³ڤҲСӵϣЩҲ˵ĳ˱һص³һصķֶ涼СŸģħҲСŵУһصνһصСŸ׵ˣҲͲٹ˼ʲôأǰʱ䣬䳤ϱʮɱСŵļĸĸЩһصɱ
ҢüͷһʱЩŭ˵Ȼ飡һصô˵ҲһƵĽ֯ǧ겻˵ĵӦҲãҲ̫ˣ
˭˵أڵĽ̫ƽʵӿ˵⼸꽫һıʷΪǰʱ䡭
ΰƽ˵˵ţͻȻס˻ͷͻȻʶԼ˵©죬սǶ¯֮Ӥʬ飬ص˵һʮֻܵ飬һɢؽļֻš
Ң˺εȴΰƽĻжʱоʲôɫһЩ˵Сӣղ˵ʲôôаյ飬ô֪˵ģ
Ңͱ֮£ΰƽɫһһ֪ôشˣ¶ڷǳܣ˵ģŪɴñҪ
ãҲ֪飬ҹ˾ɶ£֪һ飬зȨұΰƽΧ˵ҢˣҸǣڵǳս֮УȻ٣δ𣬱̵Ĳռֱǰʱ䣬һӵж¯֮Ӥһص˱Ӥսʬˣ
˵ҢһΣɫŵĶʱҰף˺һŲ⡭⡭¿Ҫ´ˣպҲǿӵʮΪĴħͷһʬ꣬Ȼ𽭺ϵȷѪ꣬Ըյʱéɽ㳲ȻҪéɽֵġ⡭Ǻð
ʦȱż飬ǹٷҲΪӣصЭȡǽʬİնɱҡ֮У黹תġΰƽο
˵Ҫҵսʬķôס
Ң̾Ϣһҡͷ˵һصΪţԭǱ˳֮ˣĺܰ
ΪˣҲéɽ㽫Ҹĸéɽסһʱ䣬ҲǱѰɣһص뷽跨ĶԸңҲòҢ˸ƽ֪һҵ
˵Ң˵˵ͷŵţȷӦˣ㾡ܷģҸéɽԨԴģéɽƽ̻Ǹϣﶼҵġ
˵ţСͯ˸ͷǰСϣ˶ʳΪҲо⣬éɽⲻɻȢɻȣ˻ǳʳרΪҺΰƽ׼ġ
ҲˣҺΰƽкҢ˳
ҢԴ˵˰սʬ֮ɫһֱܲҲûʲô
ԷʱΰƽⶣҢ˱ɢȥҪ˵Ҳֻƽһ֪ãǰ׼¶һ⴫ȥȻ𽭺ңΣ
Ң˱ʾ֪ɫȴص
˵䣬ͻȻԺ洫˽ŲȫͣʱһʮĵͻȻ߽ӣҢһ񣬿˵Ңʦ壬ƽȥ򸣹һˣ˵Ҫ̡


1314 ƽ
éɽƽ˵ĵӣǰҢȥ򸣹£Ҫ飬пܱǽҸĸéɽ飬¶ҹҲ߸ʽܿܰ
Ȼƽ룬Ң˲ҵ߰ɣƶҲƽͨ
˵ţҢ˱ſȥ
ʱΰƽҲվƽ˵ͽһʦ֣δһпɺã
ǵſĻ˵ʦܣһ빫ƺÿͣȲéɽ֮ĹѾĿéɽ˹ãǰ;պéɽڳ÷飬Ҫʦֲǡ
ʦˣéɽӻ켣õֲֹһڳֻ֮һСɫˡ
˿һſңɫλڽ֮ϴ˰ɣһ治ͬ죬һһᡭ
ʮֵ壬Ҳǿ֣Ҳ亮䣬תҢһ뿪
ߵʱҢ˾Ժȣȥȥء
ܿ죬˱뿪ҺΰƽͼԴһӷ˺ܿ챻˷ơ
˵éɽĳʳ治еķ˶ɫȾлʳƷҪĸɾˡ
Ұһõȥ
ʣ˵ʱǾǰսʬ飬ٷʵۺܶõԴܶ࣬ҪĳˣҪЩҰ·ҪɵĶࡣ
Ҳڻܣΰƽǲ˵ģҸһصУҲҽй¶ȥ͸©һϢ
ΰƽ˵صҲһص氲ߣҲ٣ΨһĲǣһصŵЩԵײʲô̫ҪĽɫһֱ޷̽Ϊܵ飬һֱأԴӵж¯֮СӤһص֮󣬱ûһϢ϶һص˲һΪصĵطҿ϶ҪңߴٵҲʵҲҲûа취
ΰƽ˵ĵʵڻһصָܻܲʢҪɽʬİһӵж¯֮Ӥϻɹò˼꣬ʶͻѣΪվǽѡ
ҰĲһҪԼУʵۣᣬѾǲɣޱ䣬ﻹ˳һףδЩˡ
ʵû˻ᵨСղܳɹҲн¸Ĵҵı¡
Һΰƽ߳Աģ֪о͹ȥһСʱ
ʱҢ˺һͬ۷˻Ң˵ɫԵЩأ֮һ仰û˵ĸ˵ƽҹȥ򸣹һ
ʱҢ˲̧ͷһۣ΢΢ͷʾҿġ
ҢѾսʬתƽˣҸĸéɽѵ鵹ǳС顣
һ˵ҪȥéɽƽˣһЩţéɽƽ̿Ǵн̩ɽ
éɽʱ򣬶Ҫƽ˵붼ġ
˵ĿУéɽƽ̻Ǻܿģһóˡ롱ۡ
£ұҢ˺ΰƽǣ뿪˹ڣž򸣹ȥ
طյĺܣéɽˣҲʮء
Ƕ˴˶ʮӣһ˹ڣһЩµ˵éɽϵȥҢʦĹǿɲСÿһ亹ķ̫ˡ
Ҳһ뷨ȷʵգȻĺܲҡ
˵ţһŻɫķϣҽ̸һھѧķ߶˿ھʱϵĻɫһ֮䣬˫ͻȻ͹ǰٱУԼûио˶
סҸһ·۵糸ߺ죬ԼʮҵĹ⾰ǾһԱߡ
ɫиֽзéɽⶴ츣֮Ĵ߸ɽ֮䣬·;ңԶз°빦ǵһʱҲַֻǲ֪зܲã档
ĿĵһзƮأȼһŻҽ
Ųһ٣ͷң˵ƽ˾ڴ֮еȺʿȥãСˡ
˵꣬һתֱɽ¶ȥ


1315 η
ֺ׳ĴĶ˻ƻƣٲȻһ˼ɾڡ
Ƭ̣ұ˽ŲǴ֮ȥ
һߣһ߳ĴӣԽԽǾ棬ɫۻңƷǷ¶ŵķɡ
ţƿ粽룬㿴һʮֿĴ񣬷ֱΪéϣʥ£Ȼ𾴡
ȥʮ־Զ̫ʦΣࡣ
һȥұһ֣˵³ظʬݻƽˡ
һӿڳڴ֮лƲ
Ƭ֮ͻȻӴһһСͯһѷһ˵ʿ룬ƽѾʱ
˵ţСʿһ֣һƣ·ǰС
λСˡҿ˵ţС󣬳Ǵһȥ
вʱһһƫţСʿƿţԼȥ
߽ȥһһɫ۵վǰԶĵطҡ
һȥСʿţԶȥĽŲ
³ظʬҺݻƽˡٴһ֣˵
ʱǱҵĵŻתߴ
ҵͬʱҲڴλӦиʮ£׷ͯգ˫峺ͨ͸ͬӤһ㣬ӺͷףʮӢһֲŭ֮С
ֻһɨ֮ƽǱ΢΢һЦҵĺˣӢۣɡ
ңƽվűáҳϻ̳Ͽֵ
ƽҲƳ٣ֱӾһԵŰ˰֣ҵéɽĴˣ˵Ҳˣò֣Ͻ°ɡ
ƽ˵Ķ档
˵ƽȻͰףվǰʱ޿̲ڸоһɽѹĳأΪԵɣǴΪ̫ߣų̫Եʡ
վһλ̩ɽǰЩ͸ĸо
һ£ұֱ⣬˵ƽˣСŹéɽСЩڽϴЩ˲أҪҵļ֣СŲòĸ͵éɽϣܹõéɽıӡ
º˵ǰƶѾλˣһͬĸĸסéɽⶼЩС£һ
Сٴлƽˣһϲæֵ
ƽ˰˰֣ɫͻȻһֵ࣬˵ЩƶöûгɽˣϢҲţ˵һ֮㣬Ψ³ظʬҵĺΪͣеٮٮߣʱգܳΪһһĺ֣ƶţéɽΪβƶһأ
üһû뵽ƽ˻飬˵ʵܹҢһϼҾ;Ѿܲˣƽˣ붼롣
ʱҾһ񣬼ƽˣ˼˵ҲңҺαûȤأ
תĿ죬˵ƽˣСȷʵéɽΪҪ¶ҲƽˣֻǾ˼Ϊéɽƽ̣ض߶ţˡ
ƽ΢΢ЩЦ⣬ͻȻվҰ˰֣ʾҹȥ
һ㶣֪ʲô˼ֻվ˹ȥ
СӡƽͻȻ
ȥҪɶأ
Ȼ֪ƽ˺«ʲôҩһĽָ˹ȥһȥƽ˱һסҵ֣ʱһɰϹӿһһæ֮еʼɰڵǰλéɽƽȣĴһ㣬Ͳһεģǹ߽ܿ⣬ɢȥ
Ҳܹоƽ˳ӿҲûʲô⣬ܿסҵȫ
Ҳʮӵʱ䣬ƽ˱ɿҵ֣ϵǹҲ֮жȥҶʱһɣҲųĳһ
ǸеĺӣᣬܹΪ̫ѵˣɹǣڻɱѹסǿһȫƶҲԶԶĶ֣ηηƽ޲ڵ
ѾĿɿڴ͸һ֣ͽҿޱͨ͸ڵӦ˳ǺεֶΡ


1316 ǰ͵
˵ЩʲôƽͻȻֵѾҢʦ˵Ǽˣ˵һصǸӵж¯֮Ӥ飬飬ܹƶϸ˵һ˵
ϣƽ˾ΪȻѾҢ˵ˣǾûٸƽıҪ£һһʮĽƽϸϸ˵һ飬ƽһֱʮϸţֻüͷżϼ£û̫沿顣
˵֮ƽ˲ĬȻĵ˵ͷ̾ϢһһٶĹ⾰ҪˣԹаéɽǧ꣬ÿ֮ʱéɽȻҪͦе
ƽ˸壬֮ҳ
úӣ¶֪˲ɣƽʵ
࣬ٷ֪ǽڸ߲㣬ˣ֮⣬Բᳬʮˣҿڷ綼ϡҵ
Ǻã¶;Ҫ⴫ˣĪĿֻţΣջûţԼǾͲ̫ˡƽֵ
ƽ˷ģ͵ΪֹˣСŲٸκһˡұ֤
ʱƽٴεͷһ֣ͻȻӻ˼ŷɫķ⻹ǽɫķݸҵӣ⼸ŷţԺػдá
һ㶣ûиҽӣʵƽˣ⼸ŷǸɶõģ
ɫķ㸸ĸϵãʱŸǣԼţⶴ츣֮У⣬ϵǰ㷽㣬һ㸸ĸǱʲô㣬ֻ轫һɫȼˣǱߵķиӦԼҲȼճĸŽɫķǱãȿ֣Ҳãʱֻ߶Ƿʹ䷢ã
һ£ƽֵٶǰĽ֮УµķѾˣһǳéɽˣƶĵմʦү֮ı£ƶǵ洫͸Žɫƶʮʱ䣬һ߰˵ַƶһӵΪһҪããؼʱ̣ܾ͵ƶ͸ļˡ
ƽ˵Ҵһʮ꣬һӵΪܹųôķƽ˵湻󷽵ģһ¾͸ɫޱˡ
һ£æֵƽˡ̫ˣС޹»ʵǲհ
ţ˶ԡƽЩˣֱӳһһ͡
ûа취ֻýǼŷӵУæǡСžͲˣлƽ˴ͷ
ͻȻ䣬ƽ˻һתֵСҲǰõģ㻹ôӦƶһ顭
Ҿ֪ûô򵥣еڱĺ¶ǿ˵ƽˣʲôֱ˵СģһƳ١
éɽѣҪǰܴӦ
ƽͻȻôһ䣬Ҳա
ҿҲ̫Ƶҵ˰ɣ΢ĩı£ǰƽˣ֮ھܴҲСɫܹéɽʲôæҾѾܺˡ
˵֪éɽ֮ϿǸƵĵطһéɽϳܽҵһ֪ƽǲڸҿЦأ
ǿƽ˵ı鼫ΪȻһ˵Ц˼ûС
ҳٳٲ𻰣ƽ˱ֵô㲻Ը
ǡ룬Сűµ΢ʵѵΣҲﲻʲôæéɽõҵĵطСŶ岻ݴǣֻҪҾˡЩΪ˵
Ȼƽȴ֣صĵ˵ͷ˵仰ƶͰˡ
ƽֵˣ㸸ĸéɽ϶в㣬ȥǣԺéɽĴʱΪ㳨ʲôʱʲôʱȻʲôʱҲԡ
һأмСŶлƽˡ
ƽ˰˰֣ұ˳ƫֱŴȥ
ֱ򸣹һЩĸоռƽˣҾЩ֣һ˵ȸһµףȻҼôķ˵һֵֹĻéɽѣҹæ
ܰʲôæ
éɽ£ǧˣֹ٣ⳤϾʮҰæʲôЦأ
ճ˴һСֱͯɽзֱɽµǸСȥ


1317 ư
һصϣѾϰ˾ŵӣСϵûֻ̫е磬Կӣϸɶģһھ͸˯ˡ
ƽ˰ŵǸСͯһֱ͵˵ļУ۷˻ȥҲǿͿ
ǵҵ˵ļʱ򣬷Ҹĸ˵ļֻ˵ķһڣǰһʲ֪һСʱ֮ǰҸĸѾƽ˰ŵ˱𴦣ӶߵһƬ֮С
˵ķһʮŮˣôͣоʮν̴棬ֻüĿ͸һӢֵٺͰҲڣҲܹо˵ķҲǸͦߣΪĸ֡
˼ҵҲùʣ˵ķ˸ָ˷Ȼ˵֮ԽҸĸΪӶͷǸطסéɽϣܹҸĸõı
û뵽ƽ˶ҸĸӣЩСж
л˵ķˣ첽Ӷͷȥƽ˸ҰҵСԺһƬӳ֮УıҲһԺӣҲͦҵһҰǶʰ
СԺͦɾģҰ֮ǰƾѾ˴ɨˣڶæż򵥵ʰʲôĶá
һһصСԺ֮Уĸʮָˣʶ츣еľʮֺ档
˶˵סˣػȫһЩŵ۵ĵЩ·һಡһ¾ûӰˣС˶ͦãǶĴк
壬϶Ҹǰŵطʮ⣬ǲ֪ʲôʱܹȥҪ˸ô죿ڵܵûؼҼ棬ռɶġ
˵϶ûɶ⣬ʵʲô¶ؼңֱһ˵ãǻ취ϵʱǻȥ
ƽ˸ҵɫķҰţ÷ǣûʲôرż飬ŷǧã֮ûˡ
¶Щ̫⣬˵ҲϧãоϷƵģϵһֽ
ḻ˵ô˼
ҰŶһͬʰӣҾһӦȫûɶõõľֻ͵͡
ﵹȽװ
֮ǰչҰһһʼǱԺ̫ܳ塣
ʰ֮Ǳ˱ʼǱƣⶴ츣õģ˼ǣչСһǧGĵӰ磬쿴Ҳܿһꡣ
һжʰ׵֮ұŸĸס죬һϤһ»
˶ͦã൱ƣһ࣬ûʲôƶ֮֡
ÿ糿С϶мУҾŶȥˣƽ͵ʳʳͿֱӻҲ鷳
һĹҰ͸һЩ˴˹ϵʱ򣬻Լ˼ͷ̫̫ȥ￴غõĵӰ͵ӡ
ڶ츣֮пǸϡܿ˲ˣŪļﶼ˵ӰԺĸо
һֱʱΰƽʹҢǱ߹ˣ˵ҪϻȥﻹкܶҪȥ죬Ѳ
ҰʱҲûʲôҲ뿪˴ˡ
Ҳûˣⲻȥһ˶ϻµףλǧܸܲһǧ֥
ҽҪߵǶϵʱЩᣬ裬ȽϵͣȻ
Ҹ˵ﰲסãֻҪһʱͻǡ
˵˵ǲһֱҺΰƽͳӣȻҺΰƽһһ˴ǱҢˣéɽƽֻ̣ǰݻéɽƽ̵ʱ˼Ҳڣ˵ȥﾲȥˣҲա
ǲҵˣǳ˶츣أֱéɽĺɽ
ǱˣҺΰƽɽ˵صСΰƽߵıȽżҿֱ͵ĻվҴҶȥ
ҵ⸽С֮ͻȻһˣ˵ֳǧַүһΪ˴һ͵ǽѩûٸҳʵΣôҲøһ棬úɡ
Ҵӵصĳ˼ƿþƣһЩʳȥֱȥǧַүļ
ڣǧַүûгţǶδˣֱӺһһݣڶһ磬ҲǧַүǣֱǶȥ


1318 ٻضϻµ
ųֱӵ˿ǣȥȥһˣϸһ뻹ˣڵݣȥֻܸǼҴֻϹҰȵĹӰɡ
Ǻֱƾż䣬ǺڷȥǸطǰкڷ룬ֻڸɾɽſһٶ￪һƬɽ֣ҵļ仹ʮֺõģųһֱɾɽıԵֱҲ޷нʱҲŽͣһĲݴС
طҲõĳӶˣ˳ֱ֮ƾż䣬һ·첽С
ҼǵԼһʱ򣬻õʱ䣬ﲻͣתơ
ξͲһˣᳵ·ټĹֻĸСʱʱǸ𶴵ĸ
ϴʱαװĺܺãӳһƬӲ֮УҲǰĻĲݣֱ˶Уǰ첽ûãͿͷѪ۾緱ǵ㣬˴ǰһѾõʱˡ
һοͷѪĴ۾Щ
ЩѪֻǧմȾֻǧϢЩѪǶγɲʲô̫в
ˣҲһ·СŪ̫졣
Ǻ㣬ȥģϻ˵һЩҰ޵ʬǣǱЩϽɱԵµġ
һ·֮ϣҲҵ飬ʱЩˣɽҲ˽һСʱŵͷǸһ˽ȥķ϶˶ϻµɽ¡
ʱӰѾбɫٶСʱɫҪȫ
طմ޼࣬һʱҶöʦָҿܰȫĵִ
ֻϴڱʱ򣬶ʦֽ³ڤʬħķ̵ˣ˿̻ڼ䣬ôвѣҲˣʬħһֵ꣬ҲҪܳһʱС
һڱֵʱ򣬾һֱ¶̫ܳãһΣҲ֪ʱѹ
ԣֻܿԼһ·߹ȥ
ڣѾǵʱǸΪ΢ĩɵСӣѦλүӸϴ跥֮ͨңĿǰ˵Ϊٻָ߰˷֣ңҲܹʼеǿˣһеһУ͸ʱͬն
ڿ첽ǰеͬʱϞųȫԼǿһչ˳ҳӿȥЩϻµ׵ޣһоϵϢ֮󣬱㲻ٿңЩ۵ģһҲܵҪǵ
Ĺƾżϴθǧĵط
һСɽ£ɽϻϴµһЩۼϻһЩʣµĻȳƤͰװʲôģֻ˷ǣǧƺס
ʱɫѾȫһܣȻɤӴҺλһ
㺰ʮһ˵ź𹦣ܵɽֻ죬ɽ֮лصǣʮɤӺ֮󣬲ûаֻӦ
ֻǧҲ֪סӡУǺǳͷϵ´ȥסɽĳɽ֮С
˴ȫǴɽǧһۿͷҪȥǲܵ飬ұ˵ɽϻʮֲֿĹ٣רѪǾ͸ϼˡ
ǸСɽϵ˰Сʱֽ˼ȥ˺ԶԶɻûлӦ
Ҳûоʹ˷ܿ뵽һѣǾסϻµ׵һȺüɽҲǧĻǿȥЩüɽ취Ǻ֪ɽ֮ǧ֥
뵽ұ뿪˴˴žסŰüɽǸڿ첽ȥ
ߵһƬŸߴľ֮ûжãֻüɽȻûЩüɽһ۾ϳң˷ܵ۴Уֱӹҿ˼ͷһ·ֱĻصɽ
Щüɽ̺ܸߣ˲˵֮⣬ĸҲ˶١
ȣѾһֻüɽȥţǼֻüɽ͵ĿĵأԶԶı㿴һȺüɽ߿첽ǹӭҵġ
Ǵһ࣬Щüɽĸ֫Ҳܹм򵥵Ĺͨ
һ棬ҾͽǬ˱׼ĳʳó˺ܶ࣬Щüɽʳһ˵ֲ֧
һ֮ҵϵһֻüɽֻǧ飬룬ˣʶֻǧ


1319 
һ˵ֻǧİüɽг˾η֮ɫͣĸұȻҲ忴˼
ϰüɽ˵ǣ¶ʱϻоֻǧҲʱʳһЩҰȥԣȻɵ±ȥֻǧȴΪЩüɽЩʱСİüɽ·ֻǧҲͻȴҲ֪ΪΡ
һֱల¡
ǰüɽҲֻǧǶֻ֪ǧʮǿ
Ǿסڶߵһܸߺܸߵ±ϣжߣЩüɽҲûȥ޷ڡ
ȻҾֻǧʲôʱһˣϰüɽʾⶼȷʱľһΣеʱһ¶һʱ䣬кóʱûмˡ
ЩˣȻ֪סʲôطֲ߱ڣôߵĵط϶ȥġ
Ҳ˵ʮֱֻܵңȴϵǡ
Ҹϰüɽʱм׳İüɽ˼ֻСҰ޹ֻС¹ͼֻɽ򣬶ҵǰȻЩŤĳҼüŪۡ
üһһҸû˼ֻҰζȥԣڶ겻һֱ¶ء
ɫȫҲֻǧ£㽫ǼֻСҰںӱ߸ʰˣڻϿóΰͺ͸ֵζƷһζʱ˷Ʈɢ
Ĺ򣬰üɽľۼأޣ߻
Щüɽϻµ׵ΪǿЭÿһʮ͸ߴʮüɽŭ𣬱㽫ЩҰȫˡ
Ұζȫ죬ЩĹӶһصİüɽܲˣ׷Χ
Щüɽǳģ߳Ҳǲˡ
£ұ㽫ЩǶˣЩһȸЩϵĺСİüɽԣʣµԼŻԡ
ЩüɽԶʱֽǳԵͣݶһϰüɽóһ֦ڵϻһǧ֥ϰüɽⶫûС
ϰüɽϸһۣҡҡͷʾ֪ʲô
Ҳ֣ǧ֥ͱϣüɽڶϻµףûмҲ
ȻָϰüɽȻһ£ܲɽϰȥҡ
ЩüɽͿߴȴʮ
һ˵ϰüɽҡͷ˵ɽȥãΪɽйٵԵʣǰаüɽ֪ȥЩٸ˸ʬǲȥϻܵɽҲȫǹ٣ЩطҲûУǵǿ԰ȥûйٵĵطҡ
ɫ̫Ҳȥң糿һ˵
Ա֮ұ˶УϰüɽɽҿţֻǧĻһ
Ȼһֱеûеȵֻǧֻ÷Щ׳İüɽȥûйٵĵطǧ֥
⼸죬ҾϻµװӪկˣЩüɽȥǧ֥ϾͶǧ
һ죬ʼδǧЩüɽȴ±ϸҵ˼֥ݣһͲǧ֥Ҳ֪ܲá
Ҳ⼸֥ݸװǬ˱֮С
⼸Ѱǧ֥޹ǧҲûеȵұЩżˣٴɵɵĵȺ򣬱Żǳ˶ϻµףֱӸϵңôȥҲǰ취
¶֮һ磬Ҿ͸Щüɽ˼ֻѧԼԣ˼κ͵ϣ⼸ǼԵģҲѧ˸߰˰ˡ
ܽ˰üɽסĶѨ棬ҵʱеĵط񷶥֮ϣֿһűӤȭͷС
ȻģóŻڵǰˡ
űãҲ˲ǡ
ʰ׵֮ұЩüɽЩüɽ˺ĸ飬һֱ͵˶ڴϧ
˳˳뿪˺ڷ룬ҵԼĳӣҹϳǣѰǧ֥Ǳ֪һ
룬Ҹոֻ׼Ӵ绰ʱһ绰ʹ˹һ绰Ȼġ
ЩͷۣҲʲôǣûнӣû뵽绰ִ֮˹
֮£ֻýֻͨ绰ͷһʮСŸ硭ҡ


1320 绰λ
ЩĪ
Ѿͷ龫֣Ӻܶ࣬пˣңЦһֱӱСѾͷָʲôʲôֱ˵
û룬Ұѻ˵꣬绰ͷʹˡཡäǱֱӾͰѵ绰ҵˡ
ҿʲô
ѾͷҲܣͻȻЩģҪһĳʲô飬Ұæ֮Ļʹˡ
ѾͷΪɵĴˣ˵ŮչСʦ㣬״Ҷ԰չǱҲý
չҿǹĽ顣
ǻ˵ѾͷСУΪһμʱΪȰչߣѾͷϴѧ˭ܹ۸
ҳƬ̣Щģָزȥһ绰
ǶԷĵ绰ܹͨȴһֱû˽ӡ
ʲô
ѾͷϷŪң϶Ҫ˵ַǣҪҸȥ
һ绰˵˼֣Ȼ͹ˡ
ϸѾͷЩƮʲô顣
У¶Σ˵Ǳ鷳
뵽Щϰ£һ߿ųӣһŰ취
ҽӿҪʱͻȻһ⣬¶ҿսæģصְȨܴ󣬿ԵһõԴ
Ҿ͸ս岦һ绰ȥ绰ܿͱͨսôˣûнҸĸ͵éɽ
Ҹ򵥵ĺ䣬ܿ磬ҪҰæܲܰҸһ绰λҪˡ
սһ£ʵż𣿡
żøϽҰ졣Ҵߴٵ
绰ܹͨ𣿡
ܣ
ãѵ绰ңҺܿ𸴡ս
Ҹս彫ĵ绰˵һ飬Ǳ͹˵绰
֪УѾӿ˳ǽԼʮңҵֻսСţֻ˸ֻ붨λãӦʡسͬǾλûڰ飬ҪԵһ
ȶãҵ
ʮӣս
ãȥǱţ鵽˾͸һص绰
˵ţѾʻ˸٣ʡʡýӣŲ̫ԶȫǰĻĸСʱܹسǡ
¶ԽԽò̫Ծһ·Ͻӿķɿ죬쭵ʱһϣ϶ЩƮ
۵糸˴Լʮ֮սĵ绰ʹ˹Щٵ˵λѾ鵽ˣسͬǰһſӴũׯ棬ڴӵͷ̫Ҳ鲻ˡ
Ӧһʾ֪սЩżСţ׳ʲô飬費Ҫصæ
ʱ˵ңҲ֪ʲô飬ֻȥ˲֪ҵ
սֵõϢ߸ոȷǵ绰ľλãǱߵ绰͹ػˣҲʧȥϵҲ˵㼴ǵҲһҵˡ
֪ˣʱϵ˵꣬Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰
㵽زԽԽЩ˷ˣҲӵĵѾͷİΣ
ҽӿǷһ㣬ҵسͬʱ򣬷ֻ˲Сʱֿ˰Сʱĳŵս˵ǸǰſӴũ
ߵһҶʱЩ±ƣطĺܣȻҹкܶطŵƣкܶҡҡտũҲ˵Ĺӣеĳ
ôĵطȥһˣҰҪҵʲôʱ
Լϸһ£ս˵Ļ˵ȷλڹſӴͷ
ͣƬ̣ұֱͷȥ
ߵһطһܴԺӣԺǽܸߣŽգſڴкܶͷ
ԺĵطͦԶͷһңӦþԺǡ
ſͣƬ̣ҲһСʯͷشȥȻһֱӷԺӣԺһԺǹĿԣҪʮĶأķĶ࣬мɽˮ鿣ȫһ͵ġ
շԺǽֻɨһۣžʹһﴫȮ֮һҵͷʱԶ˨һǹ
ֱӴԺǽȥæǴǹȴһֱҿͲֹһŭֱӽҵѹŵʬħħͷųһЩǴǹ˹ȥ
ǴǹһܵϢʱŵزҽ˼нβͲٳ
߸һȣͿļһﳯ˹һߣһߵҲݣСȥˣǶ˺üСʱˣɣ


1321 ҩ
˭ô֪أܹôһطػ˺üˣҲˣѲɻҪǾߣѵƤҲһ鲻ɣһҲԹ
Ҳ֪үôģôǮʲôûУҪѧãõô鷳𣿡͵
Ͳ˰ɣүôˣҵ̼ղҲˣСѾͷƬӱ˳ͦݣ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̣Ǵȣ͹ôһģǻǸϽҰɣүˣҲˬһˬٺ١һЦ
һ˵ļҲͬʱ˷ŵЦ
˵ţ⼸˵ĶһˣԼ߰˸ͷһЩааˣжʮ꣬һװ£ɶҲû¶һ˶ļ⣬Ϲһӣ⣬һƤ㣬һͷһɵӵģ
˵ʵ˳Ļ
߻һŮ£иʮ˾꣬ŮսսģɫΪѿ
һаӣҶʱ;ܹԵĸоаļһǸߣΪæϵϢ£Ǳ˷֡
аӵŵҲмߣʵоҲ
ߵһͷղ˵Щ˶ʱɫһ࣬ĺһү
ΪүǸɫ䣬ҵûУ
һվүǲңطôǶ˺üˣûҵˣ᲻ֱ˳ȥũׯˣ
ž˻䣬㱻үݺݵϳһƣŭĶôһȺǸŮ˱ҩܵȥôϽȥңСʱ֮ҲһĶǣ
үŭѵǼæŸɢȥ
ҴطûΪǽǵһ֮
Щ˶ɢ֮үЩһƿߵǸŮ˦־͸һƣƿڴӣǸϵôҲҲӸôǮ鶼첻ɣ
Ů򣬶ʱصĿЩί˵үֻ˵ҽʣµĶ㶨Թˡ
ôĻҶ죬ŲҴ㣡˵ţүİƣҪŮȥ
ŮŵĴУ˫ıסԴȥȴһӸסȥ·
ʱүһǰһͻȻ˵үҲǰ취Ժﲻһֻڱǹôⶫ飬ң˵ҵ
һ˵үͻȻֳһĨЦ⣬ĸղ˵˵ļ򣬺ٺЦСӵãϽǹǣ
˵ţ˹ȥǰ治Զǹǣ˹ȥùһۺɫİһŮõģ˽˴ǹı˼£Ǵǹʱ˷ܵĴ˼
Ǵǹʼ͵ӣ˳ĳָȥ
ЩԶȥıӰҳƬ̣Ҳû˵ʲô·
УҪҵǸŮ˵ǲأ
ڵķչƣĿԺܴ
˵ôһѾͷôܻԿԭǱҩ˿Ҳ򵥡
Щ֮ҺܿҲèЩ˵ʮ׵ľ룬һ·˹ȥ
ǹ߰˸ˣһֱߵԺӵı棬ǴǹͻȻͣʼ̧ͷͲֹ
үɨһۣһ֣˹ȥѰҡ
֮Ⱥ˺ܿ۷˻һãȻһ˵үûа⹷Ϲ·ɣ
ܡ⹷ǾѵģȮ࣬ôܻ˵
⹷ˣ¹ˡ
ȴ˵ɨһۣգĿǰϣȷе˵Ƿϡ
ݶûУүʵ
ûСү˵ѾͷƬҩôݶһ׶ļһ
Ů򵥣ӦöЩŵݶ˵档үֵ
һ䣬ֱһż⣬¾ݶ棬һȥһ˱ϲĴү汻˵ˣСǾݶϴأ
ϽŪôģӶȲˣ˵СѾͷƬӻǸأү˷ܵĴֵһ͵ӡ
ʱ˱㽫һŮӷϼ۾һƣбһŮľ


1322 ҺȰ
ôҲ뵽Ȼ䵽أҵһμʱôӢˬ龫֣ȴһ̯һ㣬
ҿҶһۣƣҪȻѾͷǵʧɡ
ӽֱӾʹӷ¶Ȼ˽š
үͼˣ˷ܵɫͨ죬졭Ū
һ˵ţү־Ҫؿȥ
˵ʱʱ죬æ߶ٰ˲ֶΣһʱ䣬Ҿƾճߣһ֣㽫קҵĻ˳һŵ˳ȥǸߵշ𣬺ݺݵˤ䵽˵ϣû
үо˲ԣæ˻ȥ˺ü
Ѿٴζٰ˲ʮ׿ĵط
ʱҲŸо̵۵Щ졣
ССѡʹҡһһӦûУֻǺʮִأһҵϡ
һֻ֫ʼ߶ĳѨһЩȥת
Ȼ֮ɲѣʮ룬ӶĲסϵһ꣬ҶСŸ硭ҺȰҺȰ
˵ƽǵһΣһŮôؼŮÿɫ죬̬Щѳֲסˡ
һҸоԼҲЩȺģǱ˿̵Ⱦ
õģȺ׸˶ҩΪ˵һҩܹͨΪġ
Ҹ˵˵ѾΧһȦˣԶǲ˳߸ﻹżһ
ʲôˣðģһ˳һѿָҵ
ûˣϵĺ֣ϣʶܹһ¡
û룬ѾͷҸһЩֱӾһһʱһִĸо
˵ӣðɣöء
һ§סĲӣ˿ʱϻѦС߸ҵǿ޹ǣרŽҩɺҩģӦöá
Ҫ޹ǵʱͻȻһȮͣǺڱǹӣֱӳ˹ſѪڡ
õģСү֮Բ뿪ûд·ҪݺݵĽѵȺ˵֮ͽҲ֪֪ϻǲ
ǶȮ˹ʱҲûֱ֣һƾ˹ȥֱӴǶȮԴϣǶȮ߶ûкһԴʱĵϡ飬ɳȥʮԶŵ˵ϣͦͦġ
ҲȥΧЩĿɿڴˣֱӽ޹Ǹ˳ıӵ£˼ڣ޹ǻǺܹõģ˼֮ӲҲôˣʶҲ𽥻ָһЩ
ֻǣɺſһһ˫۶ʱˮģί˵СŸ硭Ҿ֪϶ġһҵġء
£иڣ˭ҶһëҾͰεеë
ⲻ˵ãһ˵⻰ֱӸжϡﻩٴıסңôˡ
ȥ⻰ҾͲ˵
ô˭Ҳһүĺ¶ǰɣү۾һɣŭɶ
ӹ˭ҶҼӣҾʹ趼ʶ㣡ŭ
ҲݣŪүŭһֱ֣Χʮ˳һϡ
һѣԶһ㣬ϾҪˡ
֪ӾңҲƲôŪߣˡ
ۿ˾ֻٴδ߶ٰ˲Ⱥ˵ĺ棬ʼӺЩ֡
ҶҲһŻͦصġ
ңֱӹǵ̣ÿһζ֣һͷѵ죬һĲҽС
գۼĹ򣬱ĸ˱ֱ߶ȹǣڵϲסĲҽС
ЩҲ㲻ʲô·Բɱ֣ǲһصˣɱ˾ɱˣûɶҲñʲôΣͨǾͲһˣȻȴﲻҲҪеεġ
ߵǣҶֵͬʱһֱצƵĲңֱҺܴжδЩţҪȻЩȫſˡ
ҴſµĴ󲿷ֶһЩͨˣûʲôսЩ˱Ҹɷ֮ʣµ߸ʵʵĺ֣ʱЩѹòＤ˳ǰЩ˶ƴ


1323 
߰˸ΧŴ򣬶ϻǰצһҵôƶƲҪһڲŪ
һ߱һ߸Է߰˸ִ
ԴӳҴ̣һŮ˴ܣͷһ⣬̼ͦġ
⼸˵ΪҸоУճһҵҲࡣ
ֻڵңͲ°ɣΪͻͽֿԽӡڵеħţһʼЩæ֮⣬ˡ
֮˱ýֱӸȥ˵ϡ
үôһȺ˶òңʱһֱӴϳһ۽Ҳս֮С
һʼҾ;λүΪһʱĪѹҲС
õǰ۽ȫǵ̣һŻһܳһƤ⣬Ѫ϶ֹס
۽һױΪɱ˶׼ġ
үһʱƵҲϺˣٰ˲ֶ
ѾͷצƵĲϣ⼸ɫҴģڡûа취
һ˺üٰ˲ϵĶүΪֱӴһŸҶϣСӾԲܸһųȥ
ү˵ͬʱѾͭǮǬ˱˳ٵĴ߶˱ͭǮͭǮʱһɢ˼ʮöͭǮ߰˸ĸֶȥһǳǵɢ䡣
ҵĿֻˣֱӶǶɱС
ⱱͭǮһʩչʱԷһֲǰĸû˿ķʱͭǮϣһѪڵϲҺֹʣµǼ˷׷״ʧɫ˹ȥӣӦѸޱȣҲһ˿ȥ
ܿ죬ڵϵͭǮٴαһ𣬻һͭǮֱӳɱ˹ȥ
ĸ˷Ӧұٰ˲˵ߣ䣬ͽ˵ĽŽȥ
ʣµһ֪ҵʵ̫һЩû˸սֱ֮ӵͷܣûйӵ顣
ӱǣͭǮסе۽мͭǮƣ첻ڶȴ޷ͭǮ⡣
ҲԼһ±һȫſˣȻԴ£Ӻ޺޵Ŀһۣе۽˸һźâһɴͳͭǮ˹ȥҵͭǮֱʧȥ߷˹ֱӵͷܣŴԺȥ
һǸ˵ӣ֪ǰ̣˶ٹξȻ֣ܹѣͭǮٴʩչٰ˲ֶΣ׷˹ȥۿžҪʱƺоҵĵæһתе۽һ˦һƬɫ״İͷͳҴ˹
һæ󵹷˳ȥ˳˽꣬տٵĻһշ䣬ϣסЩ״İ
һȥӵʱ򣬷СѾܵûӰˡ
˿϶׷ˣطֲ죬Щɥ
һߣʣµľֻһȺҴڵأֹӵ¡
Ҳȥǣʱŷ֣ɸצƵĲϣʱƵĲУûĵ˵ѾͷֹûУҩӦ͹ȥ˰ɣôҲţ
ʱһ죬һĨΣȴǲſңֱӽСԴҵĻС˵СŸ硭ҵĸӢۣҲҡ˵ﻹеңǲǣ
ҸҪ˵Ͽȸţϸһ룬ô˵ЩԣæĿڵɣҾ;ǰչСʦ㣬Ҹչ鲻ǿϲŹģÿطԶ˳͹ˣҪһ³أ㻹֪ôء
һ˵¶ҾȺһЦ׳ʱЩ
ҪǱṆ̀ˣĶС
Ȼ˵û̧ͷӯӯһЦֵңϣղżӣҿɶ
ҡ治֪˵ɶˣǲȱأһƵѾͷϽɣղҪǣʲôҲܲˣҷǴĹȲɣ


1324 ǾͲ
˵˵ſ˽ģʽҸ˿ҵĸ첲ԴҵļϣһҸСŮ˵ģ
ʱҲѾͷôֵطúõѧУϿΣϹʲôأ
˵ãһ¶ʱĺ޺ҧгݵ˵ǸСˣһֱҵĺùۣû뵽ȻңҺȵҩҿҵ֮оЩ̫Ծͽȥ˲Ȼ㷭ԺǽšǸݶҩЧͷˣʱԴκһûˣԵʱһ㣬͸һ绰ȥ
˵־С죬˵̫ɶˡ˼ҵһ绰㶼ûнӣҵʱ绰òסˡ
˵ʱҾûĵ绰ΪСѾͷƬʲô۶أ¶û˵ֻ˵ʱڿûֻ졣
˵СѾͷƬӶʱֱЦһסҵֵСŸ硭˵һ¶뵽ľ㣬Ұֶû˵Ƕϲ㰡ҪʹҰɣҸоҩЧûأͷЩΡ
˵ţСѾͷٴοҵϣһӡ
ܲ˵һϴУѪյͣľסǰһŮŪʹˣûɵĲһЩִæСѾͷƬƿû˵˵˵ССͣѧô߰ĶɱôңŪãҿľаˣʱ㶼ûطȥ
˭޻֪أ㲻ɣ㵹аҿСѾͷƬӽһžµЦ˹һ˫۾ΪֱĿңЩԳѾͷ֪ôˡ
תߣȥղҿһģһŮŰɫ£ĻͦÿģǲǾǸҩǸŮղŻվأôأ
һ˵ɹתעɫʱͷһۣٴκ޺޵˵ҪС˸ͦģҾԲط˵һ￪ũׯкܶóԺģҾ͸ˣ֮󣬾ͿΪǵӣˣ˧ڣҾ;ԣûôڣСŸʮ֮һ˧ﲻʱߣȰ£Һϣͳӡˣû뵽Ȼˣ
ôʰҺʵ
һһͻȻЩε˵ô죬ȻҪඣ˵ʵļܲãͶˣ磬ϴѧѧѶƽʱ򹤽ѧѣҿӼһʱ򣬳ԷûһǮû뵽Ǹǣ𱨣ӿ϶ǸǮΪЩǮͳҡ̫Һˡ
ΪΪʳҪ˵ǸŮҲͦģ֮˱пɺ֮
ΪǮĿʲôˡ
ĴǾȿݣû뵽ģѾͷƷԻǺܲġ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻʲôٴһסҵСŸ磬ǸϽ߰ɣӵӦúܴ󣬶һǸߣ֮һ϶ҪֹܶʱǾӲˡ
˵ţһѣҪߡ
ȴվ˿δһ㶣ɻСŸ磬ôأ
ѾͷϵҩûУܲͻȻʵ
Щɻ󣬺ܿͻһЦЩ˵СŸ磬ʲôѽǲҪǲĻҪûٰôҲҪȥٿǣ
챻Ѿͷĥˣû¶֪Ϸңʱһүǵ϶սˡ
Ұһۣû˵ϹҸ˵ء
Ҳ˵ءҺٺһЦ
ҿҪ쭵ʱŰ˰֣˵˺ˣˡѾȫָˣ˳
ǾͺãԱУǾͲˣ˹ǣһأҵ
СŸ磬Ҿǻ߰ɣһԷиֹզ죿Щǵ˵
ɶҶţ¶ҪǲɾصѧУ֮ӿ϶⣬¶۲ܲնݾ͵óǽǴ˲ɣҴȻ


1325 
һ򶼲ˮնݱǶԷǿҲò֪Ѷ˵£ҲŻѡâ
ǸղǸӣȻЩֶΣȴûз
ٴܴȥʲôֹ
ǿǿĹһصĺ
ҾòܣѡȴֺаԵĻӣƣ϶Ҳ϶϶һ
߽ô꣬Ϊ˳ҪҲļΪǿ
һδӱʱһĺİ³ڤʬħˡ
սֺͶ֣ܶʱ򣬶ѰĽɫҶ̫
¶Ҳܵģ˿̵ı֮⣬ֶΣմéɽʱéɽƽ̻ҼŽɫķԷԵֵЩܹó
Ȼһ˵ѾͷʱϲЦտҪצƵﻹСŸ磬Ҿ֪ˡΪôȫ
ѾͷһѾסԴûĵɱǷɶ˻֪ôҵĳ̫࡭Ҿûк³
㡭㡭ѾͷǸӣո˴ѣһ˾ͿʼĲˡ
ֵ˷нŲ߿£
ɫһ࣬Ѿͷˣˡ
˵ʱֹ֣ͣҿķȥʱ򣬴ǰͻȻһΪ׵ǸղǸҴܵӣٸŶʮ֣ӵ߻һʮˣ˪һߣһָߴ˵֣Сӣˣʮˣ󲿷ֶȡ
Խ˵ҲǷŭָƿڴ
ʱҸֶʮ侲ĿӴŵһ˳˹
ҵ˷ŵķҲӿһȺˣҸоЩֲУڡ
Щ˺ܿҺߣҺΧһԲȦ֮С
а֮ڣĸҲʮΪǿĻӳΪ׵Ǹӡ
ɨһȦֳ˾ֵɫ̶˵ܴûмǶ˵һС棬걻ɰǧ˸ΧŴҲûеӹ
ҿһЩ˫ץסҵĸ첲ԵЩš
ֻǿһۣ΢΢һЦʾҪ£һҡ
ƺҵݵȾеľ֮ɫʱ滺˲١
ôģ㵨ӿǹģһܣô֣۽ָңſڱ
øҷŸɾʺ𣿡ŭӣȻ
Ҳ裡Ҹ˾һҩͰһԲϣҪԶ١
ۿһ˾Ҫ˹ӵĸȴһֹ֣ˡ
Щɫ֪ô˻治ɫĲˣȻǸˣͨŵˣҪȻһ壬֪ߵغ
ֹȺ֮ӵĸǰһһֵλСֵܣһ߽ģĳػЩͷʶһЩͣλСֵĺܣӦò˰ɣ
Ǵһأ׻˵ֲЦˣȻʲôöĻǶһЩģҵ˵ͷ˵ҲˣҲǳէ
λСֵܣأֱӴҵũׯһ־ʮˣˣǲҪĳһ˵϶ɫһɱ֡
Цһ˵Ҫ˵Ǻܼ򵥣¶أҪ־͹ǼҹүӺƭũׯҲˣȻҩ޳ĵֶΣ˶ѼˣҪļʱڹѾ˶֣⵱Ĳܣ̶ֻ̹ܽܽˣ
˵ܲǹӶʱѹסˣݺݵ˵ҶòСܣ򹷻Ҫأ¶ҪĳһһֻͿ뿪ˣ
ܾ֡ôСӣһҪŪŭ
Ҳмһôᰡ˵ӲʲôöģǷǲ֣ǺãҾͽǶԶһ첲ҾһأҪȻҾʹȣ
һԵЩ⣬ɻСŸ磬ôأ
ﲻǻһôҺٺһЦ


1326 ͣ
һܵϷҵؾȻЩǱҰһ֡
ǶҸȴǱžžؿ϶̲סˡ
Ū򸸶ʱŭһΧҺΧЩ̾;˸ʽУɱ˹
򸸸ոշʱҾѾץסĸ첲̴߶ٰ˲¾˵˰ΧȦ档
Щ˷ӦٴͭǮҵͷ֮ϣͭǮâһһٴηֽ⿪ȻٵķͭǮǰЩ˺ȻѹȥΣǳЩ˵̹ȥĿɥʧ֮ҪȡԷ
Ǿ仰Ȼ˲ʲôˣҲﲻ
һбͭǮʩչǰЩ˷ң˶һкܶ˸޴
£߰˸˱ͭǮȶӣ׷׵˵ϡ
ȻڴʱӵϵͻȻһ߽е߽һΣһĶŵġ˹˹죬һͺն˹ȥݺ֮䣬ȻǱͭǮƽȥ
ЩͭǮȫ˵ϡ
һ̣ӵĸ׺һͳ˹
һ־ЩصͭǮٴһ𣬻һͭǮǣ˹ٴҵͷ֮ϡ
һ֣Ҷо֮УǸӲӣԸоһЩΣУæתѾͷԸ⸸ӶˣʣµЩ˾ͽˣģͷϵͭǮ϶ܰһסɱ֣
ҪСİСŸ磡˵УҲһԱһӭżɱ˹ȥЩ˵ʱһһһķɢĹâһּ䣬ǶЩˣɢЩ˵̣˲ҽŵڵϡ
ѾͷΪҸоչ࣬Աûɶ⣬ұ
ֻϧȻʬħ֮ûæҪǽЩŪǰЩ˼֮ھܱ仨ˮ
ôһĹҸӾѾҵߣ˵е߽һһ˹˹죬һĽϴ˹
շ䣬Ȼϣס򸸵һн
û뵽ǣӵϵȻ˵زǽ֮ϣֱӽն飬ϵĲݱǽֹ󶼿ήȥ
⽣ϻж
һ£򸸽һΣٴγɱ˹
һٴշ䣬˫ǰһƣշŻ޴Ļ򣬱򸸺Ӷȥ
򸸵ĽŲû˿ͣ٣е߽һһնǾ޴ĻʱΪ룬ͷһֳ
үģҸžҪҵģҲͲˡ
һּ䣬걻Ҽһɨǧһ֮ͳ򸸴˹ȥ֮ϷɳʯһۻӿһΣ߽콣ʱ򣬻ǻһЩһȻɨǧҲǽײһЩڰ֮зͷ˵ϣ
Ӷ㿪ǵշĻҲֻ߳ǱɨǧһҲ˼
ʱҷӵĸ¶˾֮ɫƺЩ⣬Ǳ콣סˡ
ŽһбһǰΪʱʩչ콣Ҳô󣬵ҵΪ콣չʾ˳Թ͡
һɨǧҽʩչ콣ĵʽ㾦֮ϱһĿɫâת֮䣬³һɫĹֱӵĸ׶ȥ
ʱӵĸײɻˣ֮и¶˾֮ɫ
ãһһѽߵӸƷ˼ͷ߽ϺڶȻһɫĳ籡ǽ籡ɫȥ
ǵɫĹ΢һͣı˷򣬳ŲԶһӴ˹ȥʱǷӸײһ޴Ŀ
ҪͦϵʱͻȻһֻ֣Сֵܣ֣ͣ˶ͣ£Ҫˡ
ۿҾҪʩչǽߵѾע˽֮ϣ϶Ȼ˵ˣʲôأ
һͣҪ˵Щʲô


1327 ָ
һͣӿע˽֮޴й죬һžһ죬ҺòײŰסƽϢ
ӵĸ˵Ǻܹõģһ˵ˣ˶ͣҲҵߣһɻʵСŸ磬ʲô
Ҳ֪˵ˣ˰ɣҿӵĸ׵
ƺĲߵǰ˵֣ôֲˣСôˡ
žӰѻ˵꣬ž͸һƣӵֳָӡӶʱ±ˡ
֡Ҹɶί˵
򸸵һӣŭôôһӣǡ
ȥⷴתҲ̫һЩӽܲˣҺҲ֪ʲôɻ
֮򸸱ǰһһ֣ʮֿʵλСֵܣղʹĽпǽ콣
һ룬¿ɺˣԭǱʶݣ˵СôͲˣƱǾɱħ
£۾ʵΣΣ
£콣˾ֻ³ظʬҵˣ⼸꣬³һһ֣Ǹʬҵĺˣһնɱʬźʬ֣ɨƽ³еһصķֶ棬նɱһصĳħǰµʱ򣬻˵ȥһ˱ǹƥĺﶼƽˣ³ڤҲնɱˡĳղ׾ûϳǶϵܣʧʧղŶе
ҲҵʷĺЩŵĳΪǱ֮Уҿɲǵǹƥƾһˣ粻֪ˡ
ʱĴڽ϶ѾԶˣʡ֮ص߶˶
ս֮ƾ⡰֣С֮Ǻεȵҫ
֡Сôӻǲֻǻֱ˵꣬ͱһ˵ϣŭǳ㶮ƨ֪ǰվŵλ˭ɱ˱ݹ椶࣬ղŻϵ飬ҪȻôܻڣ
֪ӵƷУȻɱ˸ݹȽϣôʲôƱȽϡ
û뵽ǣ⻰һ˵Ӷʱʧɫɱɱôˡ
ҳ˵Ϳճ
ѵһٴߵҵߣһأЩϥ˵ϵܡĲԣ̧֣ͷȮһɣֻҪȡ㵫˵һ϶Ӧġ
ܴҲǹƵģҪУǱ˻ȥǸƵıԣǵװ䷶ұø⣬ʱ򣬷Ѿͷַˣ۾ﶼʼðˣͻȻСŸ硭˵ǰʱôͨ绰ԭܵȥˣһ춯صĴ顭ҷԽԽˣզ졭
ã⣬϶ǲˣ¶
Ҹɿһ˵ҹӽӺƭ˹ҩͼ죬ҿļʱһ϶ҶӵĶ֣Ƶ飬ӿ϶ҲûٸɣΪ˸ȴԼ̣ܽΪҪҲһѵô˵ȥɡ
ɫһȻүҪҶһָԣΣ
ұԶְĵ
ɫһЩ˵үôһӣֶ̽ԺӾûˣҶָΣ
ҳû˵˼״
ʱ˵ֱӽӸ˵ϣ󺰴ʹ֡֡׶Ӱ㲻ָܿͷ֡
Ǻˣɷ˵ڵֱ֮һذף䣬һҽУѪָܵͷ˵ϡ
һʱʹֱ۵˹ȥ
ĿӵָҲû뵽׵ľȻ˺ģԼĶӶµȥ֡
ɱħ̫һЩΪһֱҪӵԲŻⷬơ
ӵϼӵָ˫ţͷүѾȮˣϣдĹһذɡ


1328 ǱƵ
Уô򵥣һֱվԵͻȻվ˳˵
˵Ҿ㵽ⲽѾˣӵնӵָʹӵ׵ģɱ˲ͷأ˴ˣǽ˸ƼˣɱħڻŹҲס档
Ȼ֮жһĨɫת˲ţܿʮֿ˵λȮȻƷеӣһЩҲûнôŰ̧ܸ֣ܲȮһҪǮҪ㿪۶
ޣ˭ϡǮҵҰءһ۵
˵⻰ţʹչǼǿɲһǮ³һƬķزһǼҵģѾȫȫضп¥̣ҺֹڣҵĲҵ϶ûȵġ
⻰ˣһŵλҪʲô
ƭأлҪ
һ¶ɫźÿ࣬ɵóһͷʵǸŮأϽҴ
󵱼м˳ȥԼĪӵĹ⾰ҾͿǼĽһŮ˹ߵǵǰ
һ޶Ůͷֱӽ˵ϡ
ŵϵǸŮһۣſҪҵǲˣ
һϵǸ޿Ůɵŭգŭվѵûˣ
޿Ĵӵվ޵滨һ㣬ҳŮһۣһͦŮмɫѾͷȣҲѷɫ˶١
վ֮һ߿һ߽͵СҶԲ㡭Ұɡ
ˣܲΪܵĹ۽ˣֱһ˦֣͸һӣǽһ࣡
һֱô㣬㵱õĽãѧѣԵĺȵģһҸģҶôôôңΪʲô˵ļвᡣ
űĲ޿˵СҲûа취䷢Ǹ˵ҵĹգҲ˵ȥ˵ͰҵƬŵϣѣҾûˡءǱƵġ
߹䣬ָȻҲ޳Щ˻ߵ˵ۣ㡭ͬ㣬Բʲô㵱õĽãңҸ㡭֮ˣԺͬİ·˭Ҳʶ˭
֪ⷬһʱͱˣ޺ʶͲʶҲҪҪͬ飬ʲô˲ģƲľˣǮ˲Ψһ𣬾һ˵ļͥȴһũļһ϶ңʲôɸ߰ģ
Ļߵһ䣬ָо޷ᡣ
һ£εѳңһʲôĸܣ绨Уɡ
ֻ΢һ룬;޷ܡ
˿̾顣
ָһֱڷջһ仰û˵Ȼתͷߡ
ҿѾͷˣҲûıҪѾȫˣԺҹҲȥ鷳
Сҳ׷˹ȥһ·
ʱִ׷˹һ߻һ˵үòسһˣôҲһµ֮꣬Զٱ㷹ǡ
ԷˣúÿӾУٱҷһΣұ֤ҶӾ
˵ţҾ׷ſ˳ȥһѣһ¾ҵĻӶڷصĿһ߿һ˵СŸ硭ܡĺܡء
û¶ȥˣ˭һӲгһǵһǣԵĿǲŽгɳѾͷԴο
һ˺һǲ뿪ũׯһֱһ͵ſڣָ𣬻ǰүԺҪǻسǣֱӹұǣԼҾС
Ұ˰֣ûжԣһƲ֪ôأҲǱұնԼӵָͷ
Ҹո뿪ũׯһ׵ľ룬ͻȻоЩԣطĞųЩŹ֣ĵʱĶס˽Ų


1329 ɱ
һ뿪ũׯĴŲ׵ľ룬Ҿ͸оЩŹ֣ųӿʮ쳣ǿңˣһһľ֮С
ÿܴΣյʱ򣬶ָо
ֱңҪ뿪˴
ãһץסĸ첲һ㶣ûоʲô쳣ûдӸղű˳ʧ߳
ǳԾʵСŸ磬ôˣ
ɷ˵ֱӴ߶ٰ˲Ҫ뿪ԽԶԽá
ϣһ߶ٰ˲ֶΣٴθо˴˴쳣Ğųӿ˵ĸоرճֱӾͽٰ˲ֶθסˡ
Ҳûоʹ˷Ǽתеͼųҵķ
ܹоڿٵƶٶֻƽʱһ룬ۿžҪطԴȴǱݺݵײǽϣҺ˻ȥ˫˫˵ϡ
Դۣҿٵ˳һʱҴΪԾһĻվλãͻȻһ֣ϵкɫʺɫѪһķת
ղŻúõģôһգ۵ʱ䣬ǾǱһ㣬Ѳá
СŸ硭⾿ôˣЩֲ̿ʵ
꣬ǾȻ˸ݺˣطһ
һ̣ҵҶ룬Ψһ뷨ƿⷨ󣬸Ͻ뿪һʮֲֿĸо
£ҳǰϣһնÿһ콣ʮְԵʽ
Ȼȥ֮ϣȻһӦûУǷĵĸ
̫ⷨˣҼ֮ⷨϵȻܹⷨա
һ޷ǷұЩֽͣҲЩҵĺܣȴòߴԼϽ֮
ڴʱ֮⣬һŵĴЦͻȻǰũׯſڣһ˳˹
ͬʱ˷ðһˣɫ£з׷˳
ȻһЩ˾Ȼһص
ô˵Ҳһصඣ
Ҿ˵ˣ߲ôߣдˡ
ʮֵߵҵǰ׵ĵطٺЦүͱ뿪ɱרΪ׼ģôϲ𣿡
۾һУ侲ʵһصˣ
ֻڲſǲһЩٴιЦ
СӵǹݵģΪҷɽ䱸ĽԼĶӵָͷˣ˵ʳӣҹĿ࿴
һ˵ЩеûģУֻ·һ˵ϵҶӵָͷֻҪɱ㣬һ۰ֵãܶĸֶֻҪ˭ɱ㣬Ϳ油ȸϵλãµȥأԼȴⶼԼԹҡ
һصѪóôջ˭ɱֱӿԵĴ֮һְ
ҺٺЦһ¶һڴЩ̵˵ģȸϵλˣɱˣȸ˭ɱģҿɱģɱҲ׹һס
ͻȻЦᶼЦ˳Ű˵үҲ̫߹ԼˣûбɱסҵôʵڲͬΪ˽Ҳòôʱ䣬Ϊ˸༸ֶĶȡʱ䣬ɱ󣬻ϧնҶӵָͷΪҪ
ô˵һʼ֪ʵ
ȻҶӻȥ˵ʱҾѾ뵽ˣҪ־ֻܹ־ү̫ˣ콣ܹ¶ݣͭǮҲһܹй¶еһУֻʱˣ֮ǰҲףܹ˵ô࣬ĳҲ御ˣȪ·һ·ߣÿĽ죬һЩֽǮġͻȻ
ʱҲе飬һȫô·
˵·Ҫũ壬ũ·Ҳĸӡ
ũׯһ˸һ
˵ã֮Է飬ҲпܾרΪ˶Ըҵġ
ü˷ʤ
СŸ硭Բ𡭡Һ㣬Ҳø绰ġʱ᲻Ƶķ֮УҲܵһ˿


1330 ˲ת
Ȿûʲô¶ҸһصĶԹģСŸһ뿪ģҿһ羪С¹һοȴôӳȥļƲߡ
һֱ㵭ɫ˺ܶ࣬Ҳϵ˳Դ
һ㷨ĲãѲаԵĹɣҪҪҵⷨʲôλҶЩ̫˽⣬ڵĻ˵϶СһҾϲֱӡ򵥡ֱһЩķӣ罫ʬҲʲôۣһȥһнԿӭж⡣
ʬߵܣȥҸүʱ򣬾ùһΣЧ
ҲͻȻ뵽ģǱ㽫Ƿʬ߸˳
һĹɱͻȻ磬쳣ͣΧҺת
һܣɱΧվŲһصˣĸΪۣͶСˣΪͦߣؾ˵ʡĸֶĶ
ĸ֣һͬάɱҪҽɱڴ֮С
˵Ҳûһصĸֵġ
ˣ̫ˣҼΪĺݽɫ֮һܹԼֵģǵһĺֶ֮ˣسɴ£Ҫ
ҪŪұԸֶԺݺݵĴǸܵϲп;
뵱һصһֶĶվҶǵĶ֣ʡһصĶȫˣɼ⼸꣬ıǿ̫࣬õ˲òʮֵӺͼɵ
ó˷ʬ֮ҲûƬ̵ԥֱӴ߶˷Ƿʬĩ˵С֮˸һӣҾͳ˹ȥ
û뵽ǣʬھɱıԵֻΧķ΢΢һ£ʬĩ˵ǸСܿһöûС
ҵľٶٴЦͱ׷ˣʲôǻ֪ܹ׵ƽɱǺ˴£Ͱĵɣ֮ͻɱең
˵䣬Χ紵ĸһЩҲǰĸӽܣɱֵķΧҲڲϵСҺϵ·ȫˣȫͬиһ㡣
£ֱӽһק˹§˻ܵĸ
Ǹоˣɱ͸һһ㣬Ǽֲϵļӳ֣ǻᱻֱ˺Ƭ
ʬ߽Բã󱻳֮ΪɱҲûɵġ
Ϊߵǣһֱվأ߽˼ٴο˱粻ϴݲең˵ļգȥˣ
˵գͻȻһָ˫֮һɰĺ͵ĳɱ˹
ֻҪһ֣̼أҺɥ֮ʱ
ںް취ɥ֮ʱҶȻϻéɽƽҵɫ˼˵ŷǻá
ҾԲŽɫ̺ǿԺʲô޴ѵʱãû뵽ȻôҪˣЩá
̫ô˷ˡ
Ҳûа취ֱӽһŽɫ˳߶һΣȻ󱧽
Žɫķļӳ֮£ͻȻ䡱һȼ
ҿǰһ˼µİ׹⣬ε˸޷۾
ɫķһȼգΧѾʼתоˣ־ӱһͶůϢΧĞųȻսȻһʱڣһʶķſ״̬Ҿöߵķ죬ʣʱ䲢Ҳһգ۵ĹҵĽ±оȵ˼ʵĵ֮ϣŴŵӻ۾
۾һԼȫһΪİĻ֮УȻһƬɽҰ롣
һֱұһһ£Ҳ۾ܿһۣһ˼˵šղŵ׷ʲôһ׹ǾȻ
ҲЩȦéɽƽŽɫʱֻǸ˵ԱʲôҲ̫һã֪ɫȻ˲תƵ𴦡
ղéɽƽҵһŽɫǾɱ󡣡ɫ
һۣЩ۵˵СŸ硭ˡ
ôһ˵žȫ»ۣϸһϵ·ãѪ͸˳ǱǾɱ˺ġ


1331 ѪѪ
ղ̫ˣҲûио̫ʹһ;ûǶۣڣǾɱֻǸոûǾ˳粢̫ͣϵ˿࣬ȫƤˣδ˼ǡ
ʱ򣬷ͱҺ̫࣬ȻҲЩ˿ڣȴʮ֮һûУʱҿǽ˻
ҴֹѪҩ˿һЩһѾ͸˹ʼֹѪ
ҩѦҵģһϾͻЧѪҲˣһֹۡ
򵥵Ĵһ£űСŸ硭ô죿
϶ˣˣȻҪѪѪھͻȥɱһֲҺ޺޵˵
ȴЩǵ˵ǡСŸ磬ҿǺöأﻹкܶɫƾܶԸ𣿡
һ˵¶ҲЩ׼ܿ쿴Ѿͷ¶ͬСɣΣԺܴȻѧУţҹȥ򲻹һǿߵģʱϵô
æҡͷãȥҾȥģƲ£ҲߣԱģ㲻õҡ
ѾͷƢ󣬿϶ǲȥˣҲûа취
Ƭֵ̣Ǻðɣسͦ죬ڿǵˣղǽɫҲǵһãӦûгسǲǡ
ˣæߵһߴȥ
۲εҾֻսһ绰ȥһȥսܿͽ˵绰ҵطûС
˵ҵˣµֳˣҷǳ֡
ʮּ򵥵Ļս˵߷
սţʱ󾪣û뵽Ȼᷢ飬˵һصص鷭츲صҶҲһ֣һصͻȻðôݽɫ
Ҳû취صµһصһصֺγµұ
Ȼսҽô죬˵ܼ򵥣Ͼ͹ȥЩ˵鷳ϽϵسصԱũׯΧˣȡһҲܳȥ
¶ս嵹ǴӦˬ죬ҵΪҲʮַģֻǶСһЩȻ͹ҵ˵绰ʼϵسصˡ
б޻һصǱߵ˿϶Ҳ벻һɱȥ˵ǻΪҺֱӱǾɱɱء
߸չҵ˵绰ʹӸߴ۷˻˵СŸ磬ھǸũׯʮ￪һɽϣ¿ܿũׯŵƵĵط
ȥһΪéɽƽ̸ҵɫҲתƸôһգ۵ĹȻʮ￪⣬Уɱسɴֶ
ؼǵʱҺھɱ֮УɫǴ˾ɱȻתƵġ
治éɽƽƳķ̫ǿˡ
Ҫ˼ҸŽɫķҾο׶༪ˡ
Ӳ
ҺܿҲߵǸɽϣ¿һۣϷʮ￪ĵطŵƣǸҲЩӡũׯķΧ֮ڡ
Ҫһֲ͵ö죬ھ͵ǰ˸ˡ
СϹȥڹȥ֮ǰҵø˵ˣһ֮ɲܣʼմΧ֮ڣʱǳңҾӦ㡣ɫ
ʱͻȻ΢΢һЦһٴҵĻ˲צЦʱô˵ˣҿ϶粽롣
ʲôʱˣѾͷ˵Цҹһŵæɿ֣Щŵ˵ѽԲԡԲˡ
û¶Ͻ߰ɣҡ
£һ˵һΣ㳯ũׯķһ·񱼶ȥĽųҲܿҲĹԶĽҡ
ԼʮӵĹ⾰ұ۷ũׯĴſڸǰǰĹҸоһ뿪ʮҡ
ſڸһСӱߵʱ򣬳ǸطһۣãЩһص˲ûߣſڴ֪ʲô
Ƭ֮Ҳ˹ҵߣС˵СŸ磬Щôûߣ
ꡭһƣʾҪ˵˶Щ˾˵Щʲô
ûУղžɱͻȻðһŰ׹⣬ɱˣŮӰѾ˺ʲôûʣ°ɣһ˵
ɱܶ洫ķרŶԸãҲǵһãҲȷûһ˵


1332 
Ҹо˿϶ˣܶʹ˵ˣһɱ֮Уҵۣ˴󣬶ɱ۲ھɱ֮Уĸվķλ֮ϣŮһֱУҲûκ˹Щ˵ȥɡ˵
Ϸղżӳ־ɱʱ򣬺񿴵óһŽɫķȻһ׹ˣҲˣ¶ЩΣ˾ûҲò⣬ǻСΪһϽ뿪ص˷ˣǵĽӡ˵ҺϤġ
һҾͺ޵үģҲɱ˭ҲõһղŽƭĺÿ࣬һΪ⻪֮ص߶ɵأ̫ôˡ
һ䣬˵ͷ˵ļǣɱҲĿ̫ˣһϽԼɢȥصЩӶϣʵһͷ۵顣
ЩһصĶƺΪͷһʲôƺ
⼸ʮ𾴵ģְλҪ⼸һЩ
ʲôʱһصָ˴ͷͷγ
ðɣʱϵһϽɢ˰ɡһ֣ũׯſڵ˶ʱĴԿٵķɢȥ
һⲻаôˣ˭ȥ
Ҫ֣һֶĶŰʮ˳˹
ʱæסļ򣬽˵ӶѹһЩ˳ƽǬ˱ͭǮ˳
ͭǮְţȻ߶עͭǮ֮УͭǮ죬ʼĳ죬ۿЩ߻жʮ׵ʱкһһͬС֮˳
һĻиոձ׵ͷϵͭǮ
ͭǮҹע˺ܶͰͲסҸһͭǮͷ֮ϡһֽ⿪ٵķֽϰٵͭǮ
ҺͻȻ֣Щһ׷׷һһ˹һ
ãš
˻£ͭǮЯǧٵͭǮŶϰٸһص˺Ȼѹȥ
ͭǮһԶΧĳɱǧͭǮͬʱȻ¾缸ʮͦǹͬʱɨһ㡣
šಡڶ죬ҽ֮ƬƬһصͭǮ֮£ʬһ©һ㡣
֮жʱŨŨѪζ
һʼҶһ˲ûɱ֣һֱǶһЩͨĽ̫ͣܰ
һȷһص֮ǶԲˣҿɲǿɱɱԲ顣
ǶնɱҸĸ֣ǾͲҪĺ
һصǰҾԾɱħ¶ֳΪ׺ݵһ
һйȥ֮ٵʮˣʮˣڵϣֹжʮ˻վ
һ֣ɱôˣԭɢӵЩһصˣ׷׶ס˽Ų߿˹֮䣬Щ˾Ƿ˷һ㣬ӿ˹
ƺƵüٿˣǳʮ׳ۡ
վߵЩĿɿڴĿңЩ˵СŸ硭˶˵ɱħһ̫ţôһˣ˵ôףһ֪ˡ
֪ãɱĻٵģ֪ǶһЩʲôɥ飬϶ֻݣСǾͲսɱһʹΣҳ˵
ãǾɱʹ죡
һҲϵ
ۿô˳ҷӿڸ˵ͬʱѾһéɽ˳
߶еéɽ΢΢ζö죬¾Ÿոտʼ
ǴĺŽǣսӵĲпᡣ
éɽ𣬸ոձͭǮɱЩһصˣʮ˵ʬأԶ֮䣬һӵϵ
ǵϿٵĳ˺ɫĳëǷĺɫָʮôذ׻Ҫ
ʮߺëʬ˲ɣҵǰ棬﷢ƺ
ԭӿЩһصһЩëʬͬʱһ֮
ëʬ
˾
Щ˵ǰ棬ͻȻһ˳Ǳǳ֮Ϊͷ˼ĳ߿㵨ӲСȻеӻ
еҪŪңȻҪŪ㣡һеéɽһΣʮ߽ʬͳȺ֮˹ȥ


1333 ǻ
ʮߺëʬɱ޴ͻĿ˾ˡ
һصЩһʼЩëʬʱﶼûеϾа׼ãҲʲô˶ܹԸʬġ
ʮߺëʬȥٴνе߽˳šһ죬ǸһλֵǣʥΪУȸնɱڽ£˭ܳˣܶȻͣһɱ
˵գһΣֱ߶ȣӭһߺëʬһŷ˹ȥһΪͦߣǸڵҽʮ֮ڹƺѷֳʤ
һ߹ȥǺëʬؿڣһ٣Ǻëʬ߷ڵأǺëʬٴε첽ϣ߽һɺɫһͳǺëʬԴն˹ȥ
ëʬʬ֮Ѿǵȼ͵Ľʬˣ߽ȻһȴδǺëʬ
бһʹð師ͺһ˳һֳǺëʬԴٴοȥŽǺëʬʬͷ˳
˿ͻ䣬Щ޷Ԥϵģԭߣܹȫһ߻һʮΣյһصЩˣһƱؽиּԸһˣһͬվ
£ұ˵СȥЩëʬΧǲ˺ģЩͨһصͺãʣµ⼸Ըǣ
СŸ硭㡭Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴֱӴˣòɵĿǵȥܶסң
Ŀһۣҧ촽Ȼ˵ͷٴȺ˹ȥ꣬Ⱥ֮У߰˸˵˵ϡ
еһΣżһ㣬ΧĽʬȺжȥ
ѾͷΪʮߺëʬԱӦûɶ⡣
һĹʹ師׳һͬɱ
˶ΪܲǱűɱľĶһһͬ͹һ̣һ̣һ׺ݣȡ
ƾһѽֽٰ֣꣬˲ֶſܹмܵס
ȻҸһһʮ֮󣬻ǲ˳ӿ˹һֹһ
ƴɱʱҞųȫ巢ܹоΧգĹ˿ʱ˹ˣ˶ǸղάǾɱĸ֡
һصڸʡֶ棬ʹð師ĸ֣ټˣ·ֶĶȫˡ
ڵΪЩĶ϶ҵĶ֣һҿ϶мܲס
еΪļԸһһˣҪܣҲҪһۡ
ۿҪߣ鼱֮䣬һɨǧϯݺᣬһֱ˼һֱӽǽ׵ͷ֮ϣʼ콣ĵĽʽߡ
ļӳ֮£â磬죬̸תǸʹ師ĸֶȥ
⽣ߵʽʮֵܿľֻһɫĹȦȺ֮УͬһĴڣʹ師ĸһ£˫˫˷мܡ
һת˳ƽͭǮ˳ԸֶĶ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ұ֣һʮѲļһ˽ΧסԵı·ͬʱÿһӶ֮ǻ
Ҹ˲͹ʮУֳһֽƵ״̬
˿̵УսϽĽص˸кôˣƾҺôʲôʱ
ƾٰ˲еͭǮϵԴӱλүϴ跥ʹ֮ͨ廹ûг׵ĻָʱƴǻоһЩߵġ
λү˵ȫָ֮󣬾ͿзӡˣʵǰʱѾʼЧǺԣֻܽеһЩϢɢ
ͱսũׯʱ򣬽һЩħɢܹŻסֻǹ
֮£ȽϺÿƵģǧ껱ڵҵһֲľ֮ˡ
뵽ͻȻһƴʱ򣬵ǿܲܽǲľ֮ͷųһЩ
ţһ߸ƴһ߰Դ߶Ľһֲľ֮ͷ˳


1334 ˭Ҫ
ƾе֮£ͺһƽƽֻҪһ˿бͻᷢ벻ı仯
һصĶڷɱѾȻ߶ҵзӡĲľ֮ҽܵĲľ֮ȫеһ˵ϡ
һôļһﳯȻʱ򣬵֮ͻȻһЩݿٵȻͲס˵ĽŲӡ
ôĺһ㶣ͷһһ
ˣݼţһ£еͭǮֶһұƽĺӶȥֱӻƣŴļһ
ֻǿһۣŴļһͷӦ˹ҲѾߡ
һﷴӦǿ죬˫޷ƶֱ˴󴸣˹
ҵͬʱҵҲؿȥ
Ĵ򷨣ҪôĴһңҪôҾһ
Ҫ˭ٶȿ죬˭Ҫˡ
ȻұļһٶҪôٷ֮һ롣
صӵؿڣ֮䣬ܹԵĸоҵһֻǶǺӵؿڣؿڵĹͷһʱ䲻֪˶ٸ
Ǻӵĺ󱳹һӾ͵˳ȥһѪ˴֮ϣ廬ʱȻΣá
һ˾һɱһԴһͣһѳҵͷƤͿ˹ȥһͷʱһ亹
Ϊδȣһ֣ǰͭǮٴҵУʱȫһɡ
Уɱһ˼֣ҲҵĶ֡
ȻֶĶһɱһˣŭ˫˫۾һеĳɱ˹
ûôѹ߶ʱ
ͭǮٰ˲ǲľַ֮ãָ˸ֹʮغϣһϱȫ˲ʣϱͭǮ˿ڣȴδ
ƴһʮغ֮󣬱һ˱ҵͭǮ¡
ʣµǸ֪ȥԸҾֻ·һҪߵ˼
Ŵʱ֪ﴫһ󺰣һܰصĹˡ
һ󺰣ʱһƬɧҡ
Щһص˺ܶ඼˵ֿ׷ɢӣһƬʱ
ӲԶĵطһǵǹ
һĹһͻȻתԶˣұȥ׷ϸһ룬ôֻһСɫɱҲûжô
㻹Ǹһ⼸֮Ϊͷ֮ʮֿҪǽ˸׽ˣ˵̵ܹõϢ
£ҵĿͳűסʹ師ͺǱߡ
һص˹ˣҲʮֵľţڱǱߵʽţһʱҲ޷
ʱѾע⵽ͭǮͳ첽ȥ
ЩˣҵߣСͻȻһץסʹ師ͺĺ󱳣ǽķֱ˹ȥʹ師ļһûзɵĻŴ師ͱˡ
һףǽʱȻ£һƬѪ׷ɣʹ師ǺӶ֪ʲôСˡ
һתܣȺΪܼĵط첽ȥ
ҵ۾һֱݵߣ׷첽˹ȥ׷ͬʱҽéɽٴ˳ζ˼£ʣ²ǼߺëʬŵȥһҸЩëʬ̫ԶǱ㲻éɽƿأ鷳ɾʹˣҿɳе
ʣµĺëʬȻ࣬ҵӣҲ֪ôЩһص˸ŵģЩëʬΧҲ˼ʮѪģʬ壬кܶ֫ϱۡ
ͬʱҲҲ׷˹
׷ͬʱһ·ϻ׷˲һصˣǰģһһֱӿڵأˣҲܵһЩСĵֿһξ롣
鼱֮䣬ұٴδ߶ٰ˲һֱʩչʮΣգۼĹ͵߰׵ĵط
ֵ£ҳһ
ŵĸεѣﻹƬ̵ͣǱӵٶȸһЩ
һҧٴʩչٰ˲һĺ󱳴ȥǽ̵ֻһ룬ŴȺǰ˷ҪȻǿɿǹˣ
ȥؼʱ̣ʲôأ


1335 ô
ҽŲһ٣Ǻķȥһ࣬ͻȻһˣԼʮɽװˣ߰˸侯ȫųǹ׼ˡ
Щǹĸǿ治ǿЦģ˵ǹͿǹٺõı£һǹҲ̵
ҶסΪҸصʶǰȴûͣΪֻ·һ
Ȼ䣬ҿһܣһ߶һе߽ǽ֮䣬ɫĹâЩ侯սʿص˴˹ȥ
ֵʱЩ侯սʿܿҲǹˡ
顭첻ڶЩӵ߷˹
ƶԷǽҲһصˡ
׼Ȼһշ䣬ϣҵǰ棬סЩӵֱӴҵһ˹ȥڵϹȦܡ
Ҫȥ׷ͻȻ˼ҽУСսʿѪ֮УǱе߽ˡ
Ƶǣصȫ˹ֱӶסҵȥ·ȥ׷ˡ
ҸһǱὣ·ϣһ˵·ҪȻɱۣ
ֵܣԼˣսϵǵģҽ͵
ϻϽ·ҪȻǿ涯ˣ
˵䣬Ǽ侯սʿҲΧһʱüǹ׼ҡ
Щ˿ɲӲģȻżҲòͭǮվһسصĸ˭йң׷ǸһصһҪ˭𣿡
㸺˵һصˣҪɻȥϽˣһص˳
˳˹óֱӽҵ˫ָסˣվﲻǰٿĪ硣
Ҳ˵ãǲʶңżҲûãŸӲŪ氤ǹӶ
հ׷˹ˣһСŸ磬ͱǹˢˢĸ׼ˣв㶵վ
СҪԼˣһǵĸ˵ͺˡҵ
Σֻ˷Ҳ˹ȥ
˴յһ𣬱Ǽص˺ļ侯ѺžͳũׯĴſȥ
ǱѺʱֳ϶㶨ˡ
صǱȷʵܶ࣬һٶɽװ߶ٸ侯͹Աȫװ
СŸ磬ɱûУվһʵ
ûУҸ׷ϣЩǾˣüǹָңҶֲܸǶ֣̫ˡε
˵ҲŭǼصû˵Щˣ̫ˣץˣղžСŸ֪ͨǹΧһصģȴץһصҪǺ֣
Ǽصֻǳ˵ûҪ˼
ҲסڣǾһ䡣
ڴʱҿһص˳˹һһСŸĽţһͻȻͣ˽Ųüͷ΢߿˹
ܿ죬Ӿͳ˹´һۣʵСѾͷҲһصģ
ޣҲŲأسǴѧѧʰһصأղžСŸ֪ͨص˹ģǷǽҺСŸץ˵
ӵĿҵϣʵ
ǰҪҪ֤㿴ǰã֪ͨصսȡõϵҲ֪صô¶ģףֱӽҸˡ˵
սĸ˭ֵ
صĶ֡ſھ͵
ɫʱ滺Ըߵ˵Ͻǵ򿪡
Щ˶һ㶣ǰ˵ȥˣҺϵȫ˿
ЦϵܣԲסˣղЩң߲Ҵ⣬ץˡسصĸ־ηǳлߵĹ
˵ţ־֣Ҳûֱ֣ӱղ׷Ǹ˽Щһص˳ΪͷӦǸҪɫһˣǸϽȥ׷ɣü
־һ㶣ͻȻô
ıЩԾҸҪôˣʱһѪص˱侯սʿ̧˹Ǹղȥ׷˵еһ


1336 ǵڶ
˵ĺܲңмѪһֱѪֹ侯սʿţϢҲʮִأһ˵鳤ղšȥ׷ӺС̶ɱˡҡҡ
ֻ˵һ룬˵ԴһֱûϢ
־ɫһæǰһ̽һ´˵ıϢ졭콫̧Ȼоȡ
СսʿæҵĽ˵̧ԶһȻϡ
־ɫܲã̾Ϣһû뵽Ȼһصˣһ縺ͷ֮λ
ôʶģҺ
־˵ͷ֮ǰйӴسǵ̻ϯڹٷҲһݺ͵λس˼ʮ꣬һֱల£Ҫ治һصĴͷ̫˼ˡ
ȥ˵Ҳû뵽ǺڰͨԣһĶ
Ļףմز©֮ǰҾͳԹĴϧԼĶӵָͷȡҵΣӶǾɱ֮У˵ı£С
ʵұлɱģҪЩصͻȻֵĻ
ҲþҲû취顣
ڼȥ׷ǿ϶Ҳ׷ˡ
ʵͷһصʲôְλǰû˵
־Ľ͵Сֵû˵ҲһصŪһƺǰһصķֱֶĴƿأÿ˹ʡݣȸϻûбСֵɱʱһصĹЩˣȸһ͸鷳һЩһصÿʡ˴ͷְλҲǹһʡֶ죬ͷĴϷֱͳ죬ͼ򵥶ˡ
ҵ˵ͷԭôһ¶֮ǰسƬһֶĶֱ˴ͷ
־˼䣬һֱҿͿҲæȻ죬Щ˲ǣϾΪسصĸˣҪһҪ
ұҺɲˣ
־Щ˼˵СֵܣǰʡصĴæղ˵еģʡֶĶæôʱ䣬ûҳֱӾͱɱ治֪ôллˣߣʱ뿪
ҵ˵ͷһ֣ĸ첲Ҫߡ
û־ֽסңЩִٵ˵Сֵܣ⼸ǷҪ뿪سǣ
Ҳȷ¶𣿡ʵ
ҽ̫æˣæ飬Сֵܺһ֪ϲ͹⡣־ֵ
ȾƾͲˣǻСһɡһ˵ͻȻһ飬ɫˣһĶ䷢׽ûУ϶Ҳһصˡ
ǽһƬˣûҵĶ䷢Ѿˡ־
ЩȻҡҡͷһ֣뿪
ȻģҺһ·߳һֱ뿪ũׯҵͣ˴Ӹĳӣ˽ȥ
һЩĶǣϵ˿ڻʹڳϣһЩ㱡
ʱߵͷһۣҲڿңһ˫۾ġ
ѾͷѧУģȥҵ
ڻȥҪҸطһѾͷЦ˵
ˣһøϽȥЩ黹ȥ죬صѧУ֮ͲҪˣ˵Ҹӻ㲻һ˵ţҾͷ˳ӡ
ƺЩ̫⣬СŸ磬Ҹоһҡ
˵ҲôԶĹ㣬ϽȥԺǧˣûֵ
ŵ˵ͷҧ촽֮ͻȻ̧ͷֵСŸ磬ŮѣһֱûӦңܸܲҸ׼
ѾͷôֱӣһѾϰˣͷһ۵Ѿͷﶼʲôأȥúѧҵ֮ǰҪЩ߰Ķ
ߣ㲻ϲңøұҵ֮ǲǾʹӦˣٴαʵ
ѾͷΪͷۣ˵ģ˵ˣϲҲţЩͷö
һɫѾͷСЩ黹̫һֻһʮΣյľأҵһŮѣΪҶҲϣΪڶ˵Щ㶮𣿡


1337 ²
ۿЩˣСŸ磬ҲµģҲǸߣܹԼԼ˵Ķǽڣһλöûҵģǲǣ
˵ˣҲ⣬ѧУģֱӴĻɫ
һ¾ӿ˳޵滨һ㡣
ҲûôŮӣ޳ʱЩæͻȻŷһ⣬ŮӼֱȸƴࡣ
˺һҲο˵Լ˵Щˣȥƣֹס˿˵سǴѧ
ţҾͿسǴѧſڣȵ֮ɫѾѧУſвػص߶
ڳһЩίĿң˵СŸ硭Ҹ˵顣
ɶҵ
ĻЩصĵ
Դ˹ȥֱӴ˹⧲䣬һڣһƿ˳ţ˳ӣҰ˰֣Ц˵СŸ磬͵ұҵɡ
˵仰֮ѾͷͱıĳѧУȥ
һֱʧҵǰһûлعȻԼ滹£˻ζ
˺һ֮Ҳٴη˳ӣĿĵڴϻš
ҷ֣һ̫ڴˣڽ֮Ϸô꣬Ů鳤ƺѾҺԶԶÿһҶĵжȹʱ̷˳Ҫҵ
˵ѾͷҲƯ˹ĿŮҴС͸үүУΪĵӺʵҾû˵Ҫ˵ҶûһøУǲܵģĵʼһ˿ڣҲ޷ϣһ޷ȡᡣ
Ѱ鵱УҲѶ֮ˣϣʼò⡣
·Ͽһ֪ҾʻسǣͻȻ侹ЩãȻ֪úȥδӡ
Ҫϳ
ûиĸļ壬һˣͲ֮ܳΪˣȥҲûʲô˼
ֱӿʻٵʱҲһ飬Ϊ飬ҲȥǵĿģΪѦҵλүȥǧ֥ģ죬Ҳ죬ûҵǧ֥ûеȵֻǧ
˶ϻµףҪڵĽӴ绰ģտͽӵĵ绰ͽ绰жˡ
ֱڣҲ¶
Ǻҽӿ·ֱͣӸӲһ绰ȥ
绰һͨʹ˽еĴһ˿թЦү²ǲʲôҪҽĳæ
㰡ȷʵмҪæҺǺЦ
үȱ˵ģָһ飬һɱֶĶ¶ûУӵ
ڴ̽Ϣı£ұʾһЩոշǾܵõУҹõĵ˵ϽѾǲר˶أ߸շŸƨǱ߾ˣϢôͨ
ٺ١ɱһصصɲС¶ֻȵõһЩϢˣ֪үǲǴȥǹկһϪˣЦ
ƣĿǰһʮҪͷȥ죬¶Ҳֻڿˣһɣ۸㿪㿴
ɫ˵үЩڿЩȴԣ·̫࣬˵˵ʲôɣֻҪܰģԲ
ʵܼ򵥣ͷһⶫǧ֥ʵҲĻʲôǧɽΣǧڶġҵ
绰ͷĬһӲŵү˵¶治ף£ܶӶûˣ˵ǧĵرǷһһĶǱˣǼǮˡ
һﲻǸˣȲ˵һ͸ҳⶫļǮҪŸء
ûҳЩûõģֱӴܼң˵ô࣬͸˵¶ܲܰ죬ܰȥİ취
ӳƬֵ̣Ǻðɡ¶ڿ԰취Ǿʲôʱҵû׼Ϣɡ
Ӧһֳ˼䣬ҵ˵绰ţ¶ӦòѣϴȥɽҽѩʱҼһˣֽǶүһͷޣרѰĵرġ


1338 һ
ȷ֮ҾͿ࣬£һĴ㣬һʼŻϳǣǻȥҲûɶ˼Ǳ߰ǧ֥Ҳ֪ʲôʱŻи
ͻȻ䣬һһɡ
ʶˣһûȥʱûʲôܵɼȥ
뵽Ҿֻɵļһ绰ȥǼҵõĻɴֻϣֻųͲӰ졣
绰ֻͱͨˣӵ绰ɵķˣ˭˵ҽġ
û룬ɵʶң˵ɾҴ绰ɶ¶ڲڼҡ
ҶʱˣҪǳԶţǾͲ֪ʲôʱˣȥûʲô塣
һǶһ䣬ȥ
ϱ˵ûȥԶĵطǼʮ￪һӣһȥ¶ʲôҲ
˾ͺ˵ˣҸϱ֪һ˵ʱһˣɡ
Ȼϱ͸˵һֱַӰ˵ĵַһ·˹ȥ
·ϣһǬ˱óһЩԺȵĶһ߳һ߿ҵԥһĵطŽͣ
ʱԼһͷǸҪˣǾɱУһ·糶鲼Ǭ˱һϴ·ȻСسһЩСԵĶԼƿþƣֱȥɵļҡ
ɵļҲسǣµһСɽسǻʮأһ·ƣã֮ǰҵļҡ
𿴴Ӳ󣬵ҵլԺͦɣڴӵͷһܿҵļҡ
һƬܺãһ˵ңͷĭɣ׷˴Ĵָ
ߵҴſڵʱһͣһ£ǼſڻʯʨӣȻ󣬵ȴʮֵϣľţʮ־Զˣ͸¶һɲɣС
ԥƬ̣ҲҵţһԺʹ˽ŲҿŵһʮСʮϲЩֶնյģһң壬Ұȥˣ
Сʵڼ𣿡
ڼҡ
СһţžһŮ˵˹С棬ǲˣ˽
˵ţһȥʮŮ˳͸һɳصϢһң϶ʱֳһĨЦ⣬˵СŰɣһϲȵӯţҾ֪йҪϽɡ
Һһɩӣ͸ĸӶ˽ԺӣĹ˿ȥԺʰʮָɾиС԰һЩطܲˡ
˿ҵӹĻͦƶҲ׬Ǯֻ֧ܿżơ
һұ㽫ĶɵĶӣСҲҿ˵һллʹˣֱһԳϱ˵СӼ䣬СֻǺƤЦϣϱҲСûа취
ͿƤģ׶ӡ
ϱܿҶһ裬ҽӹһԣܿȥϱ˵һ磬ͱʮ￪һƤϵ˽ȥˣ˵ǵطˣЩΣȥһֱڶûл
֪˾ǸѧͨΪֵеʲôаԣʩҲͨ׽а飬ȫСˣ´˼ְʮ˴ʿ
ɼסʲôطʱ˶ΪɰģɼǾʮ˴ĴһЩа¶
ǼСӶİ˶ûа󣬿ɼǾȥ˵ġ
򵥵˼䣬Ҿסˣ˵Ҫȥɣܲܰʲôæ
ϱһ£ִҪȥ͸˵һĵֵַҲطΪ·ңЩط϶ҲԱ˵һȥС֪Ǹط
СһҪһȥ֣ҵĴʱ͸˻ˣ˵ɶҲҪһȥ
ҲûƳ٣ֱӴ˳ǺƤȥ
·ϣСһڸʻϣԳϵЩťʮֺ棬һֱǲͣĵģ䣬֪СѾϳһ꼶ˡ
һֶ֮ҿһڣҾҸɶϳ˲ɣ֪СȴͻȻٺһЦ˵壬泤ˣһҪһඡ


1339 û
ȥһСƨʮӣʲôһôﻹ¶
˵С䣬ûСӻҽˣһɫ˵壬û˵Цӡ÷һüбޣֻ壬Щֲһ϶ƯĴҪ׷㣬˵ǲǰɣ
ȥһʮĺӣ˵иоݣҲɵò
˵˵׼ˣǸҾôСôģ
ҿСһȻʵ˿ı£ֽģ
Сҡҡͷ˵ǣҰֲѧ͵͵ķڹ飬óģѾʶܶˡСЦ˵
ѾȫСӸסˣ׻˵ĺãĶӻ򶴡
ɲûдڸСһı£Сֻƾ͵ѧôߵĵУһ۾ܿϵСӲ򵥣سɴ
СӸͨС治һ
֮ԲӽӴеҲеģ࣬ı£֪ˣй¶ȱǲ·
ҼһҲĺ·Ϊ̫ƽʱܶ
Щ飬Щ˼ƿصģ֮Уһ·ԽԽԶ
ѧ࣬һԼ͵ѧҿּߣ϶ҲǸ
һ·ųڵĵ·ߵĲ죬·ҸС˵Ц̸ûУСĺܣ˵кüŮ׷иСģòǿԴ
˵а۵ģ̸ľҶḻʱԼˣⷽһСӶԸֱ̫û
һ·˵ЦţɫȫʱǾ͵ǺƤƹһͦĺӣ͵ǰһӣСӸ˵֮־ǰиͬѧסһŮģĺܿ
˵֮СӻҼüŪۡ
ҰСһۣͣ˴ڡ
һ³ӴﴫԼԼĿһƬϢ˴ӵϿա
Һ⺢һ·첽ѭſ˹ȥвʱǿԽԽܿ죬ǹһ䣬һܴԺΧ˲ˣԺҲвԴ濴ȥ
òײż˽ȥһɴ˿Ѿһۣһľ̤ڳˡ
ɵǰһ򵥵ķ̨壬һŵӦˣͷСײţҲ档
ɫʮȻʽһ˿ҲҴҲվһĬȻĿš
ɵ࣬ںޣ޵˺ѷΣǳ濴˲ᡣ
ֻС۵ѽ̫ˡһӶûˣǿǼҵͷ⣬˭ܵ
˭˵أ̫ˣѾǵ߸˰ɣ⼸¶Ҳ֪զŪġ
Ҳ׹ԭҵںӱˣ˺
˺һɲͣеĶֶοһˣһתͷĹ򣬾ͿҺ档
ƺ֪ˣҹûоþ档
Ǳߵ֮󣬲һݵĳ˹СţСʱҪ
զˣһҺȾأһҸɻЩԹĵ
һָײŵʬ壬ʵ㿴ûУ
Ϳˣȥӱ𣿡ҵ
һץסҵĸ첲˳棬ȺҴһƫƧĽ䣬˵СŰЩΣô򵥣Ǳʲôණģʱ򿴹ʬ壬ʬ෢ϣȫͷҲУкɫѪǵ֮˳ղҸӳȣһöûУȫǸǼһοΪӵѾûˣʽһҲӦĴڡ
֣ǲǱˮˮģһԵͻȻ
ӹһȥû¶ɵһۣ׵
Ǻðȥӱȥûˮ˵ţҪŴȥ
ɶʱ̣Сӣ㣬Ͻһôʰ㣡˵ţɾ˹ȥһѾסĶ䡣


1340 ණ
汻ɾŶ˻۵桰ϰϡֱлһĻҲЩЦСӹ࣬үҲͦ˼
汻ɾŶֻʱͻȻһץסҵĸ첲С塭㿴ҰְҶ䶼šˣҶҵǲģʰҡˡ
СӾ֪ҿ϶ģ͸Сһ̨£ץסɵĸ첲ˡѵ¾Ϳˣ𽫺Ӹˡ
УС˵ɶúúʰһǷļһ첻ʰϷߣ컹˨ڸڼ̫èβϣըèڶݶû໡һϡֹ¶
Խ˵Խƨɵơ
סɵ֣Ȱοһ
Ҫ˵⺢Ҳǵģ˨èβ¶ôأԶ󿪡
ҾǺŴϽעת˹
˵˵̫㣬˶ӣҪطС
룬ֱӴ޶˴ҷųĵطΪ˺СܣֱС˳˳š
Сһֱ͵˵ĶԻǾųԶһЩ
ʮëӣСִ黹ǲĽӴѧĺʱ⡣
ʱɲ̾ϢһˣһôӣһȫûˣӶʮˣ˵զҿҲܡ
һ£ֵ磬ܼҵӳԹ緹͵ȥ棬һֱ϶ûлܼǷ޶żĲУһ϶ûҵֱڶһ磬˵ӱϴ·ͻȻͿƯ׻Ķйһŷǲܼҵӣʬ嶼ݵĸˣ·ҲȫƣӼңıȽϹ죬Ǻģ˶Ҫ˹ȣǾҵңҲˣЩһֱҲûôȥҹһʬʱԽԽԾйŹ֡
˼˵ӵʬǱʲôϵ˺Ȼںӵ״һ죬ڶ糿Ưʵ
ӦɽҰһ춼ûҵʱҲ˵ӵȥңҲûҵǿ϶ںӵ¡
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ˣСӶ࣬ÿ궼ֻһĸ࣬ƽʮҡɵ
ˣȻﾭСļҳӦǧúӿӣÿĺӦԽԽǣôԽԽأɻ
֢֮ڣҸоӦйŹ֣ǸͦĶˣһ˻ЩӦЦ
˼ȥƣʵ
д⡣ɺٺЦ
ͿҰɣֿھƺȣģȴˮ治塣ҹõ˵
¶ƽˣ϶Ⱦƣȶٶɣһı£ðײãҲǻƵĺ¶Ŀÿ궼ôຢӣȰ˵
ʵ˵ҿ϶ҲȥҲţҵ̼
Ҳ˵һı£ϴķһħ֣ǲ
֮ɾȥһľӣ˺ӱߣܶ˶ܺ棬ҪΧƣΪȥǺ׽أɺһͨŻ˵˵Ҫù꣬ûһٸҳˡ
ȽľŪ֮ҿһʱ䣬ϾŵӣĽ׶ΣʲôĻʱ
ˮһˮĹͬһҪȵϵ׺ö౶ѲҲҴ⡣
ľ֮˴ͳŴӵĻ˹ȥˮڳģϵҲ̫ã֣ΧƮһɹϢ
ΧĿ£ֻˮԼƽȵĴϢ
ںƮһСʱҵĹ⾰ҴһֱΣִλ˹˵ˣӰӶûпţҾˣǲҺɶˣûʲôණ
ǺҾͳŰ߻˹ȥϣܹɾվҿԽҰԼŵ档
ڴʱҿԽҰĳŴˣӳźӱ߾Ϳ첽˹ٶȺܿ죬ֻ˿ңûע⵽ǱߵĶ


1341 ˻þ
⺢Щö˶˵ĴӳţͻȻһǳźӰȥٶȺܿ죬һӣһԼľںĵλãֹ
ǣұɺӳźܹˣס
ҲŵĻһ£תͷȥʱѾһζֱӳˮȥ˵ʱʱ죬һԾ˹ȥĿˮУһֻȴɸץסˣɵĴҲˮС
ˮƺһڸţɱͨ죬˫ʹקסһȣҪϰȴһǹĪڻĳˮȥ
һĻæٵĻŴɸӶǱ߿ٵĻ˹ȥ֮ûˮȥǵˮණȥ֮϶Կ
ɵΪҲǺܲģȴҲ޷ˮµĶ⣬ɼͬһ㡣
Ҽʹ˳̵ɵӻûȫûˮеʱ򣬱Ѿϵˣٽ˳߶콣һл㾦󣬱һɫĹֱˮУ֮϶ʱһˮĴɽ
Ǻˮϵʱ򣬶پô̹ǵıһйƽ֮ӱˮ¸ɽҲ¶ˮ棬һеıס棬ŰϿ첽ȥ˺ӰϣͣĴЦŵĺ֡
ҺܿҲľ˰ߣǸӶ˵ߣһСѾЩ࣬ϻͷӺﶼСȥЩˡ
С桭С桭ѡɱңԺ󲻴ˣѡŵĹǺҵЩʱңֻŽкȻ˸ʩȡ
Ҷסһֻ֣Сֱûһ˿¶ȣһͦ죬˿϶š
𼤶ӻĺúõģֻǶ˼ˮѣѡһµ
ЩȻ޴룬㶵Ŀһۣţһֻ֣߶˳Ķϰѹ˹ȥôһıſ죬³˺üںˮǺˮ֮лżͷ
˺üˮθһЩʳ֮šۡһ˳Сģʮֿ
ߣϽӱϣ䣬ѺӸˡ˵ţһѽԽҰȥ򿪳ţʪ˺ϡ
Ҵ˳ϵĿյʪ·һϵĲŵˮݺͷҴǬ˱˼һϴ·ҸСӴˡ
һĻ˶ЩδСӺòײֹס˿
⺢û¶ԹСӣڳö˶˵ţôź˹ȥҿǷʰˡ
Ӹոѹͱ˵ˣ϶йŹ֣úԼ˵˵ҵ
˼˵֡ҸղڳţǹһͻȻںңϸһڽңҴӳ濴ȥͿվںӱߣһ˻֣Ȼֱ˺費ͣˮڣۿžͿˣҸղ
˵Ҹ˵⺢ôԵ޹ʵľ˺ԭǱĶԻ󣬲˻þ³ӡ
ǰ˵Һߣһ㶼ܸӦõǵʱҺһоûУôЩˡ
ңҸղľں飬ҲһͷûУƫƫ߳״
һ˵¶滹µĲУ˵һˮ͸о豧סңƴĽҳˮȥһʲô֪ˡ
ղҪһл㾦Ǻණ˵ǸӶ˶ҪǶϽˮС
Ƭ̣ҿɵûзһ⣬ණСرȤö˶˵ģƫƫ߳״⼸ˣٷ֮ʮʮĺӣղľ飬ණûж֡
ɵ˵ͷ˵Ӧô¶Ҳпܣˮණܹоߣϵ̫أǣרС֡
ҿô죿ǹȥණˮҲҲɣǰҲûƵ


1342 ׵Ĵ
ɳͷֿЩδһۣһ˺ܴ˵ĶרŶʮҵСֵģһһͬˮ˳С⺢ӣ϶ܽˮĶ
Сոմˮһˮһʲô״ǿɾ鷳ˣɾôһӡҾ
û취ҪǲˮĶˣ֪Ҫٺӣ᲻úײסֻܻȥһˣߣһ£Ǵ֮סСӦҲûɶ⡣ᶨ˵
˵ô˵Ҳþ⺢ӵͬⲻǡ
ҵͷ棬С氡ղҲ˵ˣк˵ĶһҲҸһľӵһߣ
ƺԸղŷ黹£ҧһ촽˺ܴĵĵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣҸȥиͬѧģǽǺĶ̳øͬѧˡ
֣ȻղŲˮĶ˵ȥͨĺӣŵ۴ޣؼȥˡ
֮Ǽ򵥵׼һ£洩ĺģҵߣٴ˺ӱߡ
ʱɫѾˣѾҹʮһңŨʱ
ˮھʣ쳣סˣһ磬ͷϺڳģûǡ
עһƽҹ
³ʱҴӳһֵ磬ľӣǽ˹һġ
֮С˵һǶҪǳ֣취һķΧ֮ڣ취ʰŪܽණˣڴһˡ
ӦһȻ˴ľӳźĻ˹ȥ
ڼ䣬ҺɵмվţСȻӴ󣬵ǸҺϽȣǲܵЩֲ̿ĳźڳĺˮ￴ȥ
СĶ䣬Ҫ濴俴ҵĺ󱳣СͲẦˡ
СˣɵķԸȥ
վľϣܿ͵ӵĵشȻǺĶ֪ǲǱҸղ콣ˣһӦûС
ұ㽫ľͣ˺ģóǿֵ糯źڳĺˮ˹ȥԭҲ֮٣뿴ʲôֵֻһգŵҽֵ綪˺
꣬ˡ
ȻҼĹҲˣһЩһӶῴĿֲҲܶ࣬ˮֲһĻⱲӿٵͷһء
ֵһգǿһűˮѾݵĸ׵Ĵ͵ľͷһ㡣
ңԾһСӵ۾ʮֿնɷһƬȴ͸һޱԹϢĶҡ
ҿһʱסˣƬֽ֮Ӷ౻ݵĸ׵ĴˮƮ
ЩһЩСӵƤһˮƯ˳
ҿЩ͵ͷһСԴʱ򣬼ͻȻһӣŵһһ飬亹ð˳
ͷȥʱ򣬷ɵִҵļϡ
㶼ˣ
šҵһ
㻹һķأСˮͽųӣû뵽
ɣ͸㲻ǵġҰһۡ
ȱ֣⼸Сûʲôµģû㶯ٶ֡ɻһתɫ
סҵ˵ͷһ־ĳ⸡֮
ֵƬ̣˵ľӵܣһʱ£˼ʮͷһݵĸ׵Ĵһ˫˫ײҲҵ۾ֱĿǡ
Һ󱳵ƺоʲôźˮ￴һۣʱŵķһĲҽУһ־ץסҵĺ󱳡
ϾǸСӣ龰֮ǰҲûм
ˮˮʲô˰
۾˵ѹ
ܿ۾һֻСץסҺϵ·һֱڶġ
ЩɫĴٴˮ¸ֳʱͻȻо˵ľӶ˼£΢һʱǣ˵񾭣ⶼ
һ̣ҿһݵķ׵忿ľ˰ײҲҵ֣һץסľӣֱ֮ϵˮһֱʣֿ죬¶˺ڶĴ죬վмƵ΢΢һЦֱӳ˹


1343 
һĹ˶ǿģǿۣ۵ˡ
һǾЩҪ㿴
ҺͱȽһЩˣΪﵽһĳ̶ȣ۾ѾСƵİϷˡ
ýκιߣֻ߶۞ųǾ߶ȼеʱȻȻľͿˡ
ȻЩﲢ֪ܹǣܹ֮ǣΪЩﱾҪŻ
ǸոմˮСˮʼ˹
װûпֻ۽ǵȥƲץסҵĺ󱳣۾ʲôҲȥ
ܿ죬ǸˮߵߣԴȥԴЩ̰ĿʼΧѪͷԼ촽
ͬʱЩСˮǣһ̶ӺﳯľŪľҡڲ
ôаΧţҲЩţֻܾװűĵطȥƲ
ɸǵҿ˿ڴ֪ʲô
ֹƬ̣ľӵܿʼݴˮð˳ཹཡͣԽԽ󣬲Ҵ˺ӵ׵һЩ໹ˮݣԭ峺ĺˮŪǲ
һ̣ˮͿʼһźںĶð˳ҶһȻһĺڷֱӽľӸסˡ
Щڷľ͵һǰӾ˺ˮ֮С
ˮ̹ǣ͸һ֮ҲĻһ
֣
ͻȻһһˡһ죬â֣Щȥȫˮ
ɶȥӦͭǮصǮ
ͭǮͨΧȽϹ㣬ʮֹϣ˵֣մȾء
ǵӲ³ͬʱɵһֱûţͣĳ˷ͭǮһһ߿дʵͭǮ磬ˮ֣ɣ޶ݣ
δ䣬ԭľϵЩСˮһ˹ȣǸСˮһѾͽ汧סˮȥ
һѳסļ򣬲룬Сˮˮе󣬾Ȼһᡣ
кȻֱ֮࣬һշ䣬һ֮䣬ҾͳСˮȥշôͨĻֽûʲôȻֽҪࡣ
շһСˮӣСˮ㷢һ̶ļУðһỤ̋ɿ棬ˮȥ
ľѾȫȥҽָо˫һǱʲôסˣȻ͵һգֱӽҳˮȥҲûоţǽĽ汧˻һͬˮ³ȥеǸСֵûסֱӵˮ
Һ治ϵ³ˮҺû
ҵǻһЩߵϢʮ೤ˮϸСʱҲ⺢ӲС
ԣһˮ£Ҿ۾һҺ˫ȶһźڷĲסǲϵ
ͷľͷһŰײҲҵһŮ˵һ˿аȵЦݣ̧ͷ߿
Ӧþ˵
үģŻ˭أ
붼û룬ֱӼ˽꣬һɫĹâӽ֮¶ֱŮ˵Ĵȥ
Ůӵһ˲׺ݣˮ棬쳣оһзһ㣬ٵĶ˹ȥ
ǵɫĹˮݵ֮УٴνˮŪǲ
һˮЩСˮӵֱΧҺ治ϳˮЩСˮſ죬ҧ
ЩСֱӽͨ˿ͷһЩ۵ԹϾͿʼڳһŵĺɫɷ
ԭЩСֵĻһܵɢĿֲϢ֮󣬶ʱɢӡ
ЩСܸԩȣЩУЩСֱȫһѹĽࡣ
ЩСһߣҾͿһﲻð˳һСͨ죬ȻǿŲסˡ
鼱֮䣬Ǭ˱ңˮ˳߶ʱһ״ɢӫĶں˳
˵ҽ泯ǱˮһƣͽǱˮĿռ֮ڡ
ˮһƯˮݣгĿ϶ٳʲôӡ
Ȼҿһˮ֮󣬿˼ܿͻָǺĿˮĿռ䡣


1344 ͭǮ·޴
ڱˮʱȫұͷһЩԭҵСǸųڷŮѾת˷򣬳ɰ˹ȥ
ɵˮԻȴôСʮСֱסȻˮקһֱںӵ׵ǸŮѾһĳǰӣֱסɵĽŲӣ͵һɵӾ͵һգһĹǳӽŲһֱѾɵ°ȫͷסˡ
ʼգŮ˶ǱˮףϣǹһĨаȵЦݣɫҰײҰ׵ģһɫӣſڵϣƿʮֹ죬Դǹ˲Ӻ档
˵ŮˮͿЩ﷢ëҿֲһŮ
ɼǱЩСˮŮˮסҲûţһöһöͭǮָⵯЩСˮǱͭǮеСˮ޲ĿŤΣꡣ
ֻҿɶЩСˮû֣ı£ҪЩСˮҲ練Ƶ顣
΢һ룬ҵԵɣЩСˮƶǱŮˮԻ֮󣬻ˮĸСӣȫǺʮֵĿɲɱ֣Ļ
ӣ뽫ЩСˮǸˡ
ʶҲˣʱ˵Ҳܹ׶ԷҪʲô
ôһĹɾͱЩˮֱϵ˺ӵףŮˮѾסˣ棬Ů棬һһƣһĻôоôаء
ȻаĻں棬ŮˮȻ죬ֱӶסɵ͡
ҲһĻ̫̼ˡ
룬Ҳ֪ŮˮҪɶҪɵľΪãһߵľڹ˵ҲǴ󲹵ģܹС
ǼʮСˮΧɺŮˮΧǸΧס䵱Ľɫ
ҶʱܵˣֱӼ˽꣬ٵĳǱȥ
ֻǲεɵߣȻ䣬ɱˮסĵطͻȻһŽɫĹâӵյһƬͨҵԺǼʮСˮĲҽ
ͬʱǽסɵŮˮҲһֵĴУǳĺڷ£źӵ׳һӴȥ
ҶһǼʮСˮȫȻһƵĺڵķλȥ
ǵɫĹâֻά˼ӣܿȥ
âҪʧһɲǼ䣬Ҳſķԭŵӹ̫̫ҪͭǾסĿһǧֻûɶˣͭɵУֱƹһʮķ
âһƼ򵥣ԭΧߵļʮСȫ֮ͭС
ɸղԸŮˮֻһֱûԷʾ䲻Ȼ󼤷ͭ϶Ůˮһӡ
Ǹͭ߿һۣŮˮߵķһָҺܿͳ˹ȥ
Ůˮˮεٶ̫ˣҪ
ŮˮڵԵʣˮôһ͸оֽűĶû֪ˡ
ҵɵߣɾͳŮˮߵķָָʾǸȥ
Ƭ̣ܿͿŮˮҪˮߵʱͻȻӵһεض𣬶סŮˮȥ·ŮˮŵĻսȻת˷ֳһͻƿ˹ȥ
ղľϲõǸССķãͭǮһ˷ˮҲ˵ŮˮֻһĵطӲȥˡ
ʣµܼ򵥣ǾҸɹŴˡ
ɸұȻһƣ˼ȥ
ײ֣Ļ
˽꣬ҽŽͭǮ˳һ־֮ͭǮƯҵͷ֮ϣâһʱֽ⿪˼ʮöͭǮ
֮ͭǮΪܹⷨ㣬ŮˮˮĶ̫죬Ҹ׽ֻͭǮк
ŮˮͻÿһطȥЩͭǮˣתͷٴԹĿ⳯߿ʱͷϵͭǮѾϰٵҷĴ߶֮£ֱӳŮˮȻѹȥ
Ůˮ·ˣұǸƼˣŴͣԵΪŭͻȻſ˫֣ˮĵ֮䣬оһƬˮ¼½оҪˡ


1345 
Ȼܵˮ˲½˺ܶܶ࣬ˮѾñ̹ˣΪҸоˮѾ˱衣
˲䣬ұ˵еȫһȵϢ˲䴫澭Դǹͻĺ
ɸҲһ㣬ͬķɺ⡣
Ůˮǰܿһ͸ı㣬ǰ棬Ǳһ׶
ҼǱͭǮǼٵͭǮֱǱȻ¡
ˮУͭǮܵһЩ谭ܽȫչֳˣǺıҲٵͭǮķ飬ΪЩͭǮҲȫΪΡ
һͭǮ֮Ůˮ֪ӶţΨֻиƴǶ˸ɱˣмһ
ԣͭǮһ⣬Ůˮܿͳ˹
ǰͻȻһڣĳͳ߲˹һʱܲȫͷ
ҺɶԴУҺܿ켤˽꣬콣нߵʽ
ˮԼٶתЩӿĺڷȥɫͷնϣ׷ˮͷȴ޾һ㣬Ӳ
ʵԸֹֻ轫СȸųͺãʰŮˮӦúײǣСڿǹ֮壬ڹеĵȻߣСԴڱʬħһʶ֮󣬾ôˣԴҲΣֻ
ͷȳ֣еͭǮȥ˼ͷΪܼĵطȥһƺܹãЩԭϳӶĳŶ˼£Ż
Ҳˮ˼շ䣬ˮķȥ⼸շ仯˼ɫĻ֮һЩͷϣʱѿЩͷ˲ȼˣЩͷ϶ʱȼһɫĻ棬Զϵӡ
Ժƺ˺ѷεĲҽŮˮˡ
ˮŮˮģȴܹӞųĹֱ֮ǵԺ֮С
ĺʹӶ࣬ȴвʺͷŭȻ䣬һޱȵĽˮˮǷо޴ݴˮð˳ˮ趯ݣӵ׵ɳڶ𣬽ǵŪһεģ
һ̣ˮٴαı쳣ϢɭҸоЩæ˼շ䣬Һɵǰ
֮䣬ŮķһŰ׻ĶҶһ벻ãЩ׻Ķһıӣذһ㣬һƬ߷
ҺҸղų˸ۣǰշ䣬Ǽշܿ컯ϣҺɵǰ
Щӿٵ˹ȫײ֮ϣֱɢ
һü֮ǹƲŷŻ
ԽԽüһǶʲôûмܱһŮˮ
ҸʹһɫֱӴǬ˱нʬ߸ȡ˳һžͳͷΪܼĵط˹ȥƺҪֹûüҵѾһ㳯Ůˮȥ
ǰǲתĽ꣬ҵֵǲϷĳĴıӡ
ҸոεͷΪܼĵطŴʲôطʼֵʱͻȻ䣬Ųһͷһһ˫ɿѩ׵˫ͻȻץסҵĽף͵
Ůˮ˫ЩŹ֣ץסҵĽŲӵʱҸоһ飬ǹ˵һʧȥ֪
ŮˮǲϵĽǺ࣬ҵСȶ֮С
Ȼҳܹͷ˫ѩ׸ɿݵ˫֮⣬ʲôûп
ⳡ̫ˡ
ҵӻڿٵݣŮˮҪֱ֮ᡣ
Ȼǹһ㲻ܶҵĵճתһģֱӴ߶˵ǲľܱ֮ߵˮݿʼ߲ƶסҵӣֹҵ䡣
һ̣ٴμԹԺ˲ХԩĲҽҲʼһŵĺɫɷ
ϢһͷųˮŮץסҽŲӵһ˿ҲϵϢ
һɣҸоҵܶˣŮˮһΣŵҪܣʱҿŮˮܵķɲ֪ʲôʱǰ棬һεͭһâ˸ͷŮˮ˹


1346 ͭ
һݼţͭǷ˲ͽŮˮ¶ݳҲԴ˵ֱŷʬ߾˹ȥһ¾ͽʬ߸ŮˮԴϡ
ʬŪϵСһҵ˸˾޴ҸеŮˮĴͷٵ£˻ŮˮҲһΣڷʬ治ϵӣҪ룬ǷʬǺεȵһʬУʲôħ֣Ҫ߻ǲܵ飬뿪
ŮˮһԽԽСۿžҪһźɷʬȫɽȥʱͻȻһصҡҡͷʾҽŮˮſ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѡۿŮҪһźɫɷʬɵʱջǷʬߴŮˮԴϳ˻
뵽ʬ߸һջŮˮһΣҪߣʱһֱǰеͭǽâһһѪӰƮɶһѪɷŮˮסˣֱӻһ飬ŮˮҲһɫɷǺɫɷһһͬɵ֮ͭС
һг䶨ŮˮҲŪʲô۶ӳˡ
Һɶˮ´ãЩﲻסˣǶ˱˴˴һкֱӳˮȥ
һǶ޲ĴϢ˼ųŰ˹ȥ
ȵ˰֮Ҳһ飬ɵĶ滹ˮء
æͷת򣬲СӸˡ
æһ־ǱˮʹˮƯŰ߸һ֣ӱˮ˳һּ䣬ǱˮͻӰһԲӣ
⺢棬־͹Ҹղõʲôôˮɴݡ
Ҳ֪ôСӽ̫ͣˣһƨɣ˵СӣϽȥţ̫䡣
ղҲˮ⺢ӿɲһ㿹ʱһ£첽ųȥ׼õ·⺢ӻͲˡ
ڰߣһҲסһ飬ܿ߶һůɢȫʪ·ˣǱɱҵĶ죬Ѿʰ
ʰ׵֮ҲɵղŮˮʲôΪʲôֱӽĻɢⶫ֪˶ٺӣкã
ɺ֮˱п֮Ҫʹɱɱģɱ˶˷ѣϴΣͭеǧĻɢŮˮǧһСЦ
ǴŮˮأŮˮŵвǳȻҷʬˣȴδ˼ͭǧ̵ȷʵܹǧһЩС
һͭ˵ýչֳ
һ˵¶һ飬㻵Цɵղںӵµʱ򣬿ǿŮˮţǲ˹δ˰
ޣ˺죬죬ҵľҿǸˣҪϷɺƤ
ɣͲˣҪҪһȥɩ˵˵Сϱ¶
ɱɩӿǸ̳ӣ˸Ʋסæ
ǺðɣҺȾơв
Ⱦ¶˵ҽϻ¶Ҫô꣬ĺ߰ʮҵ֮ǰǳ˲УԭΪŮˮСӵĻӵУȴûôȷʵ˷ѽ⣬˵ŮˮҲ㽫̫ɫ
ôһ˵ҲЩƣҲǰһˮˮΪǵĻǣԴӵУԽСĺԹԽЩСӵ꣬ԿŮˮĵдҺɻһ׵ľܹ
ⲻҿǵˣˮѾǸˡ
˵ҪЩСӵֱ꣬üʯͷںӱ߰һ򵥵ķִ̨ıó𡢷ֽ͹Ʒȼͭһ˷̨֮ϡ
ڳ¶ûģΪһǹɱ
ʵҲԶǸȾС׼ˡ
׻˵һʤ߼˳Ҳһܴƾ٣ܹҵ־й¶ˣȷʵӦø¶ܶӼ١


1347 ѰҷѨ
ɸЩЩС곬ȵʱҾֱ˳úϢһ⼸ȫ¶մسǹΪܹȵСƣĸɶģˮ⵵飬ˮϴ˸裬ڵڡ
˵ʵڵģ⼸̫ˣڳϵʱһ
ɵǶȴ˾һֱǣƺ¶ʮֺ棬ֲ棬Ƕɶ¶档
˼ǣСӻǲǵݵЩܹ߱ڡ
Ҳ֪ôͣ˵ɶҶӦţǴЩ顣
ڣСһҲ۵Ĳᣬһ־ţһСʱ֮СӲŹںϾ˯˹ȥ
С˯ˣҲʼֱڼʻϣһһϢ
֪Уʱĺܿ죬ٴ۾ʱ򣬷ɫѾЩˣ͸ҿæһϵɣǷ̨ǰһ߻ľһ̤Ƶģﻹͣ߶һЩȵ
ţҾͿڷ̨ϵ֮ͭٴųһ͵Ľ⣬ǽ֮УһӰƮ˳һֱƮȥ
ЩһЩСӵģҲû֮ǰ壬еֻ͸м
ڲһֱڱĺˮˣЩѾ˼ʮꡣ
ɰǳȣǱֻأתͶ̥
һĺӱȥԹһ峯ͷƮʱҲһ˵οҲΪһ°ɡ
߰߰ɡԸԺҲҪ顣
ɳЩ֮󣬼򵥵ʰһ£һ˸ʻûһֱۣ˵һ俪Ȼһͷͻ˯˹ȥ
ӵʱ䲻ɾʹ˺࣬Ƕҷ춼˺ü
ֱӷ˳ӣүƾӡ󣬳סǸСׯ˹ȥ
;ɫѾ̫ˣҵĳǰɹʲô鶼ûзһ
ϣЩ黹Ҫ߶ˣҪħУأ
˼һڣֱ޷
˲һСʱҾͻصɵļ
̫ˣզ˵һϳ˼ʮԩ飬ԲһɵĻơ
Ҹûнֱӽϣҵš
źܿ챻ˣϱһſϣһզˣǲˣ
ҡҡͷοɩӣģ̫ˣ˯һ϶ˡ
ɩŷͬ˯汧
ү˯ĺ㣬ɩӾͿʼæŸҲǶˣݺݳһ٣극֮ҾڴһȦ˶ܺƣ֪ɵ֮Ǹǿû˵ǵȲ裬סĿǸˣһ汾µĴˣûܵĶݡ
ڴһȦѾʱˣص֮Ѿ˹ȷûп档
˵Сӱ͵ѧУѧȥˣиϺϳܿҪҽпˣ⼸춼û
԰Ů˫ȫңڻϹһ
֮˵ҪúúȶپƣڼţȥСЩʳ;ƻ
룬ǰŻûţӭˣ˵Щʲô
ɫһܿ۷˻˵ãǺȲˣСҪᣬҹȥҸˮѨΪ
ΪǼôҲͣʬ죬ǵصĴиϰףСܷڼ̫ãˣȥӰơ
룬Ļô¶Ǻӵͱɳȥʬտǡ
æɻҪƳٲá
ɾǸĵӣֻҪʮӦɻˡ
û취ֻÿų۷Ǹӡ
ȵһСʬѾ磬ŽڲСײ棬˿޿䣬ʮҡ
ܲ棬ᡣ
׷ͺڷ˵ĳ
¶ҲѣСأһǺ̫СδȢһ˼ҶҸĽҰظݲݵˡ
Ҹĸ̣ҪɸҸõķѨɾߵ˴ӵĸߴɽ͹۷Ƭ̵ĹɾͿһص㣬Ņ̀ŹײĳǸطȥ
·ϣɸ˵طķˮɽƣɳˮ۷дĹɽˮ֮䡣


1348 Ѹˮ
֮ÿʶǶ϶Ĺ϶ƳĹĹΪƳʢۺһ㶼ѡɽΪĹ
ڷˮⷽ飬Ҳ˽һΪǼǱϴйأôһ㲦Ҳһŵ
ֻ˼ҾҸѨҳƳĹɶֲǹĹģһȤûС
ⲻǳô
ɺٺһЦ͸ôһ˵ȫǰŪķˮѧʡ
¶ûɶ̫ϵҾ͸ɹ͵ġ
ǰ̧СײߣҸſֵȺ泯˵ǸطȥһǰߣһֽǮȻһʮͷţͶģ
֪УǾߵ˸Сɽ£˽ײķɽϣɽ¸߶ȦýŲ˼ط󱳿ɽµһطŵɣȻһϺõķˮѨȴҲԻ丸ĸ˳˳ˮٶรһĸѨڴ˴丸ĸá
Ҳ֪ǲں٩⻰˵ţСҲʮ꣬ũһ㶼Ƚ磬ʮͷϾкˣǵĸĸʮ꣬ڵĹߣŮزۣǿģʮ꣬׳ʱȫû⣬ԺҲڹ¿ꡣ
ȷѨλ֮󣬱дļĺʼڿӣ㽫ײڴ˴
Ǽ׳һСʱεĴӾڵĲˡ
ţͻȻ˾һãйײģ
˾ҵȤæȥһۣһ֮£ʱþ治ѣˣȷʵһСײģŹײĵģͷӦòˡ
ɳǹײĿһۣ겻ѣ̾Ϣһѽû뵽ѨȻռˣ֪Ǻη˿⴦Ѩ
˵ţɾ˺æԸ˽ںõĿӰԭϣҪٰһѨˣɶڷˮ֮Ѿ̬ĳ̶ȣȻǰҺõĹѨ˳
ںõĿӱ¸ˣʱȥɵʱ򣬷ɫ̫ãЩġ
ȥһʣɲŸ˵鲻һƬطֻһĸѨֻҪڴ˴丸ĸһŮ⺢ӵĸĸҪԵˣҲֲֻܾһѨλȡǼи󡣡
˵꣬ڸתһȦٴȷһѨλǿڡ
һΣ˳˳ˮûг⡣
ɳűѨʱ򣬺ܿ۷˸ղڳСײĵǸطóֽǮһЩĹǰڷһЩƷأ߶˼䣬ա
㣬һֱæɫڵʱ򣬲ŽӸˣһ˿޿ɽ
ǼΪ˱ʾлɲǮɲûȫգֻٿǮǱ뿪صڵǸӡ
ڰɻ˲پƲˣýٿǮһ⡣
עǸ׬Ǯܻڶ졣
ɵķ˲Ӱ죬ҲûκιϸҪȻɣһ˶ûˡ
ص֮˾Ϳ硣
ʱͻȻ˵ץǸŮˮ飬Ǹһˣ¶˵һ档
Լ꣬Ǹӷһ飬иѸѾû˼ǵˣļΪƯֻɷһΪǶһֱʮʱ򣬴иִ߽˿СϱһǱļУǸŮʮĶӣֽŮ˸̣ˣߵʱ򣬱ײ¶ڴﴫˣ˵Ů͵ӣֺǼҵĺ
Ǹ⽨¶һ㶼Ůܿ࣬ǸŮ˵ɷһܴļ壬е˶Ů˲㣬ܻŷ磬Ǽʮ˴嶼̧ͷ
Ϊ¶ǼһǽŮ˷棬Чȡ
ǸŮ˱ԩɷ˵һ˽󣬵ʱˣԼҲĪί󻹱ûԹ
Ů֮вʣǹǸʮĺӣǾרʮҵӱĺ֣ͯ⼸ʮ½½вٺںŮͻˮһԹ޷⡣


1349 ǧɽ
׻˵֮˱пɺ֮֮ͬȻ
Ů˵ô
Զ׼˹ѣһ˽󣬽ɥԼҲŽ³Ĳٿˡ
ԹޣֻأˮΪԼһִôɱôຢӣȫƷĺˮ֮Ĺ»ꡣ
ȻЩʧȥӵļͥҲͬҪöټͥɢ
ҾŪֵزѾֵͬˡ
ҪЩӳȣЩվĹ»Ұóѡ
˵ףǸ˼֮ˡ
飬չһԲĽ֣վ㲻
⼸죬Ķûȥһֱɵļţʮ̹ʱɳţҲῪųȥЩ飬ЩëƤС¶ɵ룬ԲڼţȻΪǰأ˳ȣЩļҵСŵˣҲȥơ
ʮ˴˶ɶʮֿмӣΪɵѣҲΪϱ
ʱ䣬ɼҲһЩʱúõĵ壬ԴӴӱ֮ҵûȫָ
Щ죬ҸоҲָĲˣ㿪ʼӡڵеǿ
һʮּ޶Ḷ́ҲһڳԸӣͬʱ
ǿԣϻڵĲľ֮һЩʱУܹоɱ泩Ϣڱͨ澭
⣬ұ㿪ʼ콣ߵһʽƾ
콣һоŸУֻŽ
ǰѾܹȫգ콣ÿһУѶȻɱĵ⼸һֱǳŬȴûһЩŵоеĽ̫ķӦ
ÿһ콣оһӶѡ
Ҳһ͵飬бһϻ۵Ĺ̡
ЩҲŸǬ˱ȹͨɵ֮󣬶һʱҲܹͨʶ̵ĹͨһȷУ˵һ˯̫ˡ
ڶʦԻֱӽ³ڤʬħʬˣθڴĲҾ徣νСǬ˱˳ϷŪˣɧһһֱѣС˯Ļ
ʦǺĸʬʱҲһαʣȴҲ֪ʲôʱѹ
ȺͶʦ־ҵұۣûǣҴܸоûе
Ҽţǳ˯ʱӦò̫ˡ
ڸĸҰéɽû˺֮ǣȫ԰ĵĸ飬ЩǸһ𣬼ûҲù̫ࡣ
ԼɼһңͻȻͽӵڽӸҴĵ绰˵ѰҵĶϢˣȥһˡ
飬дϲҾ֪˵϶ǳ򵥡
ϲ֮࣬ұǽҵʲôĵر˵ҵǧ֥ûҵֻ˴ΣǶүͷ޴ӶҵһǧɽΣˣǶүҲһڣӶתƱˣ˲ٿ࣬ǧɽξڣҸϽȥȡ
Ϻ꣬ڻҶȦӣȫһ۵ļģ
ҲȦӣֱӱǺãȥڣǧɽοɸҿˣһӣʡ
ӺٺһЦ˵үľͺãǧɽθţ˭Ҳòߡ
ǼǮǶ٣Һǰ׼¶ڣģǮöپǶ٣һҲٲǵģ⣬һܼһĲͷлҿżɽ˵
һͻĺܣЦŵүô⣬Ҳȹȵ˽ţ¶ֱӸǣǶүǱѾˣƾ֮Ĺϵ϶ҪǶүҪǮǾ͸٣үܷģ⽻飬˭˭
һͨұ㽫绰ˣʮּ
һǧɽΣܹѦҵλүˣΪ˲¶һֱģ񳾰䶨Ҳһ
֪Ϣ֮ұû˼ٴɼˣżȥţҪǧɽȡֱ͵Ҷȣҹζ࣬ҽ¸˵һ£Ҳô֮أٶҡ


1350 ֵȦ
һֱЩƫڵΨͼһ굽Ǯû˵۸񣬹Ƶ϶ҪʨӴ󿪿ڣǰи׼
ʲôӣƾϴǽѩǱƳһ
Ҳ׼ϵǮȻǲȱģǰøմӶϻµŪһǾʨӴ󿪿ڣܹȥ
ɲģ˵ҪһˣҾõûʲô޷ǶǮ飬Ǯܸ㶨飬⻹治¶
иȥһˣҲѲ˼ֻǹЩʱգҪȥկǻϪˣ¶ȻҲһˡ
¶˵϶ҪȥҾܷģʱֱӸϵá
ҸɺɩӸǣһֱ͵ҴڣȻָ
һżģֱӿ뿪ԥֱȥţͻȻָı⣬һȥ־ЩƵ㣬СۣǴ˹ȥ棬Եǿ׳ҲÿһЩ
ȥѡǻкͰչˡ
в˵ֵܣһ꣬һڵطϻҵͷȻҲһضĺУڽϵҲС
ڰչϴα֮еĿ飬ҲһֵεѣֶҲǲȴҲ֪ڱӾӽĽôˡ
ڻǵǽ׵֣Ԫն
һǺӡ
ҪôʱûҲЩˡ
뵽ֱӽʻϳǡ
ȵϳ֮ѾǰʮˣҴ糿һֱһ·˲ûȥ
һϳǣҾ͸չһ绰ȥ
绰ܿͱͨչôôʱŻһȥéɽ˿ˡ
Щڵ绰Ҳ˵Ҿģ¶Ҫǰæ˳һ۾ۣȵСơ
չ˵æˣȥͺãдһẠ̇ϻӡ
Ҽ򵥵˵һµֱַӾͿȥˡ
ϳһǱȽϤġ
ǳд֮˸طͣȻ棬һߵҸоΪϤϸһ룬طǻǺöǰһûеʱҺǵ˽ĹȻʬŴ˵ȥȦһˡ
Ǹûҵ˵ǳԶţʱӵ˺ǰչʱչӦûϴѧ
ʱӵǸӦǰչĴʦ֣Ϊ˵ĵӡơ
һκö궼ȥˣξһʱʲô֪һͷ࣬벻ݸ
һ·ųдȥ·ȫǸָ棬ʲôĶУвڰڵ̯֡
ǹ˼֮󣬾ҲˣֱӽҸתԺˡ
طм򵥵ķãڶⷽҲԶıһ£ҵ˳·
һֱߵӵľͷͿкͰչվӵľͷ֣һƤЦģ
ûѣ˻һҲ֪ڸʲôɻ
ҿ첽˹ȥչҵССҲûʲôıǣϹһСӣдš׼ǻȦ̡ϸ
СŸ磬ôȥôãϻ⼸߶㣬Ҷ䶼ĥˡչЦ
ɣһ鹶ң
˵ţұǶ˽˻Ạ̇ȥһһۻ̵Ķ˸ָֽ˾ǻȦĻлЩ}ûš
һطҸоȥȦֽ˵ļʻΪ㣬ҶתԺˣһ˻Ҳȫǹͷ⣬žġ
Ƕ˽õѾںˣо⣬˱ǣʳָ󶯡
˵˱ֱӿȡ
ԷʱҲŸһéɽ֮еéɽϷ鲻Ǻܶ࣬ҪǰչǸСʦ飬ظ˵һ¡
Ƕüͷû뵽һص㴦ĻǵҪŪңҪéɽƽ̸ǽɫûˣҪСĲǡ
˵֮󣬰չͻȻһЦ˵СŸ磬˵ҲôˣСʦ㳤ĿʹףħģҼԺգҪȻͽѾͷ˰ɣҿҲһƬġ
չ˵֪ǲͨһ˵¶ҾЩᣬɫҲ
мɫ̫ãæ˻⣬˵ѽѽȾƣȱ˵ЩղŲڵ绰˵¶Ҫǰæ𣬵ʲô飿


1351 Ż
ҲŸ˵ȥڵ飬·Ѿ̺ˣǸȥ޷ǾǳŸ棬ǧɽȡѦҵλүˡ
ڴ£ԴҪ˵ҸѦʲôԨԴĻһҲûУ˸ѦСЩ飬ǻͨҲʶģҲŴˣѦҲٶݣһֱûҵᱨ߶ȥկһƤȥˣС¶϶ûɶ˵ġ
չǵһ˵Ĵڣʮֺ棬Ҳſ
չ˲ҵĹ⾰ȷʵӦóȥ档
¶һ̸ͣܿ£ˡ
ȻҾ͸ǳȥԥɣ˵ץˮ飬ǿɰƤĶӣ˨ھӼèβϣըè׷һݵ顣
ֵĻкͰչֱĴȣ˶˵ɵĶӿ϶򵥣˿ɹһġ
ϳǣкͰչҲûţڰչүүôȦˣصʡƸ˹ʣרŴһЩֵĴӣʱ䣬ǰչ￴š
⻨Ȧ̺ܶȦ˶֪ҲмǻкͰչһȥģЩССģ˶ܹɵ¡
£˾⻨Ȧ˸һݣֱڶһ磬ǲ˾ơ
˻Ạֱ̇ڳдԳһ㿪ųֱŶȥ
һ·޻
˿ųһֱʱ򣬲˽ڵſڡ
طҺϻǵһڵԼܼҶʶҲûʲôֻǰչȥԵЩš
ͣſڣֱӾɵĴš
£ǿŵͷһ϶ơ
һҺͻУЦݣ˵ԭǾүͻʦˡǹͰ
ͷ̬һһٰʮȵĴת䣬뵱ǵһڵʱ⿴ͷ۶ǵģͻȻͱôҺϻЩӦ
Ҫ⼸ҺϻѾ⣬˵Ӱͷ᲻֪
ȦӣǾηǿߵģ˭ȭͷӲ˭ͺʹõ˳ֵ֤
˵ţͷ͵ü˳۵ֽǳŴԺ˹ȥ
һߣͷһ߻ͷȥ۾ͣĳŰչɨԥ˺һŸҿʵүλСүĺܣӦǵһɡº֮ǰûм
һͷһ۰չܵаչһֵܣһ㵱Ȼû
һ˵֣ͷͻȻס˽ŲŰչһ֣˵ѽԭǰүһһᡭˡղϷۻ軨ûϳү
ͷ˱ϹϾðչЩڣæĻ
һʱ棬ʵʶչ
Ȼʶүһǿɶ˲õһλһУŪǷ̣λүڣڱϵһ˵Żסĸ֣Ƕöһͷɫ
ǼҲͣƵĺܣҺ⡮Żסʲô
ͷٺһЦ˵ү֪⡮Żס˵ľǾүͻʦԼǰλүĸ˵ϾǡŻס֣޵УֱӽһĺγԶ̫˲ˡ
ȥʲôϣ˼Ҷɶ˴棬F4ˮľ廪ɶģŻʲô
Ÿ廨Ƶġ
æ˰֣˵ʲôϣϽñǰӸǸˣôҲ˧ը֣ͽҲ
ȥôʲôĻˮ׼ֻŻ׺أҺͰչͬʱ˻һӵһ
˭룬ͷȴˣ˰֣˵ǸĲˣڱѾˣҲڻѾƬܶ཭ϵҲλôпˡ
Һ޺޵İ˻һۣ˵¶㣬˵ɶУ˼չһţֱӽףҸһǵùˣоŻ²˻²˽ף
жʱˣүģСţ⻨еŻģ㵹Թˡ
˵ţо͸Ҷ֣Ҫֽ
æ֣˵ϻϻ֣һһַ緶вôҲһˣ²˻ϡ


1352 ﲻ
һ·ţǱǿͷԺȥ
ԺӴ濴ûʲôرģһ߽ȥĲþϾޣСˮɽˮ鿣ɫׯ԰ֲĻݲݶǷƷ
ﶬɫ죬ĿӦӲϾ
ʱڣһڵĴͥԺ֮УдҲġ
ˣ͸˵չˣһ˫۾ͣĹˣоæˡ
ſߵ˽ʮӣͷŽһװʮֺķ棬˵ԵƬ̣ȥ֪ͨʹܼҹ
£Ǳװް裬Ҳһܲ顣
ûãŹװŮ˽ǵߡ
˲ŮʮƯ϶ǾѡģӦù̱ѡս㻹Ҫϸ
һһЦо˼ΪĿ
кͰչ۾ֱˣҲ̲ס࿴˼ۣõĶ˶
ڻζҲʮֲһʱЩŮɶǴ۵ģһֱӻ˹װһζ
Ĳ˵⾭ͷû˵Ż
ǻḡŮҲЦӯӯģûаӡ
ֻŮˮ֮󣬺ܿȥֻʣˡ
չתһȦǽϵĻһһէģʲôƵģб㲻ͷСףôûòãԺôʶ棿
չȴ𾪵Ҹ˵ǽϹҵÿһֵǣҸղſһʯ漣ֵǧ֪֪
ҶڵѾϰΪҲʶȻûʲôϽкչãĵȴ
ֻһһǶȸɾˣڵĽӻûй
о͵ȵЩͷˣҵСţʲôǲǰôһ¶
ż˼¶ôһҵ϶æֲżһ¡ҿο
кòײѹס˻ֽŮϺõĲˮǼȡ
ֻǣһۣСʱֹȥˣڻûҾЩסˡ
ҽһſںܿһүʲôԸ
ܼأôⶼһСʱˣǲǴҲõ
˱ϹϾ˵үλүϢŭǼʹܼȷʵҪѲλүԵһСĹȥͨһ
Ͻȥдߴٵ
Ӧһ첽뿪ȻС֮󣬰СʱûлҲ֪ȥˡ
ԽԽԾզ˵ҸƺͽܼҵĽ鶼ʲô飬ҪȻԲὫ˸
ڽǧɽθŪ˰ɣԲûҡ
һ뵽һֻӴһȥ
һʼӲӣһӲŽҵĵ绰һǸ˵үԲסˣʱһ״ҺѲõˣԵһϾʹˡ
ܼңʲô˼ǽй˵ҪףȴСʱ춼ҪˣǧɽǲǲˣҲõ
ү鲻˵һ֪ˡЩִٵ˵
УˣھҪǧɽΣҪæͽɽùֱӸ㸶Ǯ˱ǣ㼸ӡòݾܾĿ˵
ǽӱұƵûа취ˣ̾Ϣһүʵ˵˰ɣһˣҲҪǧɽΣҺ˵ǧɽѾȥˣǻҪƫƫЩˣֵﲻҺڸأŲˡ
ҿ飬ôǿǿⶫһ綨ģ˭ҪУ֪Щвĸ˵
үӦҲУðڸˣҲҵǵͷԣҺŸ˵ôáε
ľʲôˣܵи󵽰ɣģȥǡҳ
ӳһȻ˵үԵƬ̣
˵ţӱס˵绰ʮ֮Ǳ߾ٴδ˽ӵүһǹͷСǿǧͻ


1353 ƽ֮
ҹ˵绰ͷкͰչתһ½Ӹ˵һ˵¶кͰչըˣ˶
ǧɽε飬רίѰҵģһڣǧɽβŸ㵽֣˺һӣҪغ꣬飿
ѾԷ˵ˣҵǧɽΣǻƤȥҪԵľǲ̣ӿɲ̡
¶ôҲúú˵˵
˵ûţǧɽξǵģҪԣǵǸ缸𲻴Ӧ
ǣϻ˵Ķԣ˵ɶҲýǧɽδȥ¶Ҫǵ˷ݶԺûڽϻˡչҲ˵
¶ʱ򣬸ղǸ뿪ڵ˽˵λүܼ룬СĹȥɣ
˻кͰչһۣϵŭ뿪˴˴
ͷƹһȣһԺ䣬Ϳվ棬֣ζһ⣬Ϳ첽߶
ѽѽүүүǶˣղŵȷ鷳һֱ鲻չ˲ܣλүҪǡӵͷ˵
·ϣһֱѹͷĻһӣһûסѹŭʵܼңǧɽε飬ǲһǰ֪ͨ㣬ڰҵģ
ǡ¶ǧȷȷǾүýĳģĳһûҵ飬ͷԸ˸Ͻȥ죬ãǧɽǸҵˣеǶүӶҳġӲÿɷ˵
ھզ¶ѵҪ壬ǧɽתˣǲǾǧɽεǮЩõ˵
үô˵ģ˵үǮһǮƾǵĽ飬ǧɽΰ͸ҲĸԸֻмһʣǶүҵǧɽεʱһʱ̫ˣй¶˳ȥܹûã졣ֳϿҵ˵
ʲôˣôͶõĶк
Ĺһ£ʮֵСģΧûʲô֮С˵λүЩͷ̫ˣ˵ˣ⼸˶ǴɽģλүҲ֪µĶţéɽɽżǲֲ٣ֻɽѰҲͰˣοɽƽ̵ĶҪǧɽΣһɽλϼ
ɽƽ̵ĶӾͿԲ𣿡չһ
ô¶Ҳ˵ˣ˵ǾүίҪǧɽΣ˵˵ǾǲߣĥӲݣɽƴ󣬳֮ҲвɽĵӣҲҽǸˣʵǽֲ£Ҳûа취λҪ죬¶ҲŪֵزЩε˵
ô˵¶ඡû˵
˾үԼˣͱˣҺͷأ˵¶զ죬ҪǽɽˣڹҲùڸɽһֱɽʦǮ¶ҪǴãǸɽҲܴܵӰ졭һίĶҪ޵ģ
ҲΪˣļ򣬿οˣ¶죬ɽƽ̵Ķӽɶզôţأ
ɽƽ̻ˣ׼ҵ죬ӽʮѱҲһĸ֣ɽ֮Ϊ֮ӡλүܸǺƽͲҪͻһﶼŵǧɱڶ֣ǲġֵ
İɣǻעִģҳ󻰿˵ǰͷǧɽΣҪߣֻҪȶ֣Ҳ⡣Ҹӷ˺ݻ
̾Ϣһ˵߰ɣλȴǽȥôŪһһ
˵գ˸ƣԼǰ棬һͷһ۳ĻкͰչҲŴ˽ȥ
ǰ棬кͰչһ߽֮УҾ͸оЩ̫ԾǰŸȥ͸оü˫Ŀֶ⳯
ʶĴˣҲӳֱĿбӵľֱŴȥ
̧ͷͦأɶ¶Ʋܶ


1354 
ܳһֱ˼ʮףҲע⵽Χľ
ڴмλãŵڵƣһ˺üʿģˣһˣһˣŲʮ£ߵǰʱתͷһۣҲſĿİװ׾ŨüۣüĿ͸һѱľͷȻֻɨһۣܿתͷȥûһ㡣
֮⣬ļҲ߿˹һء
ҴŻкͰչһ֮УһֱλϵڵƱ첽˵ϵܣûտɺã
˵ţƱҲĻкͰչҲкһ뵽˴һļ
һƱԸŹװŮϲ衣
˵ٺúȣ֮ǰҲһˮʵǲˡ
һо֮ƱЦ˵λҸǽһ£Ҷѣ˴ʶʶԺٲ˻ġ
˵ţƱȸǽǸѱˣ˵λ˲ãǵ񶥼ɽƽ̻˵Ķӡʶֹǧ˞ŸУʮΪСɣʮѾ𽭺ΪɽţνǼѧԨԴͨɽĽ
ƽֽλͿиʮĵǿһݸ߸ӵĵ˵λɽִϻˣɽС񡣡
һ£ֿһ΢ֵ곤ٴνܵλɽųϣŻˣҲɽ֡
վŵǼͽܣûٶܡ
һһոǽЩɽĸֵʱǼһһǹ񣬲զ˵Ⱳ˼ǰΪģÿǻǵÿһ£ҺͰչ³㽲ǵĵطʧ
ɽƽ̵ĶǶ֮⣬λɽĳϵԵƣ΢΢ĳǵ˵ͷǴк
Դһ;úܲ˳ۣүģСүǰװʲôզ˵ҲͬǼĹ֣һƤûзһ¡
ҶŭкͰչĴϢҲ΢΢һЩ
ҲЩÿЦһ¡
ɽ⼸λָ֮ǽǼ
Ƕңؽܡ
ҵļ˵λֵܽ³ظʬҵĺˣĳĺѣλҲ˵֮꣬ϳһλ֮㣬һ˼µĴ£նɱʬţʬ֣һصĳħҲ
ˡͲҪˣһɽӣѧһ΢ĩı£޵ˣҪкͳҪ˵ͳţЩ޷ǶСС֣ɲʲôǿӲŴôãǻǻع⣬˵˵ǧɽεɡ
˵ܼȻͱˣƵɫһ죬ʱЩҲסˣ֮һ˿߿ת˲š
˭϶ҲΣǼģȴûмôҸоõĿ֮ˣһӶ
İչʱܲˣСƵĲô˵ʵҲһƢչһֱҵϴ翴ڱӣվָıӣôǸʲôӵͷٻﹷƨ硣
۾һУ˰չ˵ָҵָͷջȥҪȻҷַӽָͷȫϣ
˻һ϶ʱһ׺ɱ֮еĿƺԵ˼֣һɰԵϢٵ˹
СΪĿԣ˵仰ҲûκεģڵΪڰչ֮ϡ
Ͼ˼ɽƽ̵ĶӣСͿʼУַḻԴȫһɽզ˵ҲһǧĶţǳ˿ġ
չᱻŵָ
һߣһӣҪվ𣬿Ҫ԰չ֡
ҿһԲϣҪĽࡣ
Ǻǡô
߽ŵʱ򣬽ͻȻм䣬Ц˵һﶼǶǽˣʲô˵ͺˣڶǹġ


1355 һү
ϡཱུ࣬һ˵м䣬˭û˴ܵ顣
һֻȥ
ʱҲſǺľӵȶ˰磬滹кܶĩ״Ķ
ҲϣղСĳһƣĶĥɷĩΪȷʵͦ˵ģˣʱңøƴҲһܹսʤ֮
֮ΪɽĽţǾԲ˵
˼ǴСͯӹҺͰչǰң߾Ͳһ
֮˽裬Ҳǲ޵бµˣƢȻһЩ
Щ黳ȣ˲¶Сȴʢһ֪˻ҪԴġ
һʱʮΣҲûٽȥ飬мλ֮ϡ
æкλǽϳѾõĴãΪЩСŭ׻˵ƣһúô˵ܳΪѣһ𷢲ơ
˵գҲ˸طڰϻʹһɫʾǧҪﶯ֣ѹס
ҸûӣɿһЦ˵أһӣһ˶ҲûкôͶ̥Ҹƽ̵ãŬ߽⼸꣬ʶһЩѵģɽһҵѣ˵֪λɽĸϲʶ
ʱǸ˵ĵͻȻЩʵλС磬ʶɽʲôˣ
ҺٺһЦ˵ڼǰڴһ飬ȥǽѩɽˣһһҸǽ飬ɶơ
ʦ塭
ʦ棡
˻һɽǼ˶ʱ޷ˣ׷ֱӡ
ʦλɽĳϣʦԼãɽĵλȻ˰
˻һڣǰƱɫϷ֤ʱڵҲڳҲǱǽѩȥģֻǽѩʱ򣬰·ɱһȺСձʲôģЩСձأһó˻ҪȫɱˣʱҪϵ֣ܳɱЩСձΪҲסôǹɨ䣬ԣϵܣڵʱǾ˵ġ
һ˵ϵҵͲһˣӻࡣ
Ͼɽ˿ϵĵλн̩ɽ
Ҿ˵ǿǶɽдġ
Ҳ̫ˣֻ˵
ǣȴʹ˷ŹСӣǺһЦ˵ʱ˸֮нˣǾƣҸ˿ƽӣղ˵ʦ棬˵ϣǲǵóƺһү
ղҳԲѷû裬˵˭Ҳ˵ʲô
¿ǳһԵĻкͰչɵùЦ
ǽʱĻðɣŭڣһӣŭ㡭
ʲô㣬ǰôϼ˶Ҽֱ棬ݵСǰҲһӣǰһ㣬һģ˼ҴѧƵĹĵİ磬ҲӷۣһȻ䱬ƹɱڡ
챻ˣȻȻһԵһѳಡһͷƮͷ֮ϣȻ죬
ɽ
һѲɶõķɽƽһμȱ¼ĶţķС
ۿ߳ŭҪҶ֡
ͻȻǰһסҡͷɣ
ҲվλϷطɲ˭붯־ֵܶĵطŵ
ڣµһţĪ⣬֮ҲǸһһĸֿ򣬾һܹҰĵطɽҲС
ôҲǲִ֪֮ˣȻ˶ըˣǿɱ⣬һһƽϢŭ𣬻
ǰԾȻͷϵıҲ䣬ͣߡ
֮гŻҩζҪôţҪ֮ڣҸʹٻغˡ
¶˭С
ҪǰƢôȥСˣѾǰˣܶƤӵʱ򣬾Բ˶֡
鵽زû̸ˣ⻹ûĵǧɽΣͳ


1356 Ǯ
һһεıޱȽӲ˫ҩζʮ㡣
Ǽ첻µزµ춼ͱһصҵ֪ɶµġ
Էµɽƽ֮ˣС۹ﳤˣ£ʲô˶ȻҲὫҰһС
˶ĬƬ̣۵СۣҲһվһҲ
ԶĽһֱҼüŪۣʹɫѹסȫûп
˵¶Թǣһֱ¶ú˵͹ֲҶüˡ
Ƭ֮Ǹ΢ֵĵվ˳һ˵ڲΪˣƤӶģȫȻΪǧɽζ׼׸ɽһӣǧɽתǣ
ϵͦ˼ֱɽ˵¶Ҫɽͷѹһ
ǷųľɱˣҪǲɽӣǱǸɽΪУԺڵ·ɲߡ
ˣ⻰ĺ
˵ɽȣȻɽڸ
ϾӶ˵ˣڸɽġ
ڣͿô˵ˣͬģֻҪڽǧɽɽǱΪУΪУǾǸ⼸ֵΪС
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һŵɽӣڿ϶ҪɽڵĽһֱĿõġ
һ˵ɫһһֱͻȻ߿һۣ¶֮ɫ
͵Ϊ¶Ҫ˵ʱ
ͻȻһתֵǡڸϵܵĽҲǳϷϵܾȵģǲݸıʵֱ⣬߶һġ¶벻һ֣ǧɽϵ֮߰ǰȥѰĵر˽һֽǮһֽڿˣҪԭģӦ˱˵鲻ܲλ棬Ϸʧ˹ʣԣǧɽξӦϵǱߡ
һ˵ϵЦݾʧˣ˽Ϊϲ
ҪɽΪ𣿡ͻȻվŭ˵
ҡڸɽһ򽻺ã˿ϷҲǱ£˿ƫģӺ˵
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ӣ⻰˵үǰһھ͸˵ˣȡǲЩˣҲǰһС˵
˵ķݶֻڵһӶѣһ仰ͽӸ˻ȥýӶʱҲŭȻһֱƣȴҲǸɱ˲Ѫҿ¶һ˿׹⣬ܿʧˡ
ջѹסŭ˵һԡ
ʱͻȻ˵˵߰ǰ֪ͨҪǧɽΣտڰģ˭ܹŷڵ˺֮⣬ǻҵʲô֤𣿡
Уɫһ˵ܹ֤ıҵǧɽεǶүȥҵʱǱΪϵȥҵġ
ȻЦ˭֪ǶүڵˣǸͨǸ˵𣿡
ã¶û˵ˣСӶ
ȻǶŭˣҲСĲᣬӣ㵽Ҫʲô
ܼ򵥣ҾҪǧɽΣ㽫ң¶ƽˡǰһ
ܣڲԶŵģҪȻԺô⽭㡣Ƶ
ڽֲµʱǸٴվ˵λȻһﶼΪǧɽζõ֣ƶͳɣܹܺõĻ¡
ȫ˻ˣ뽲
ǻɨһۣŻ˵ղҲ˵ˣǿģȻΪһ֣ɣ۶ҳǮ˭Ǯ࣬ǧɽξ˭ģ֪λΣ
Ҳϣôء
һɽǿǲۺ˼ɽʦ׬˲Ǯŵӵп϶ҲвģһкǿǲԴǮѹҡ
⻰˵Щǵĳ߿һۣҳƬ̣¶˾ģ˵ͷ
ˣһ˵ãͰջ˵İ죡


1357 ׷꽣
㶨
ҵͷӦʣкͰչǵĿң϶ǣôܸɽǧŵĲȣɽȥߣ϶ҲвģЩɽˣÿ궼ҪɽϹ˼ҼҴҵҾһСӣʲô˼ƴ
ȴʮֵϣҲккͰչȥʾǶ˿ġ
ˣкͰչһĵǣҲԵЩ
Ҳ˻ȥĿһۣСһҿʲôǧɽΣߺߡ
Ҳȥǿ
ʱҲ˻ȥϣɿһ˵λǧɽĵرȻе߾֮ΪѰڶڼҲǻ˲ǮģǶүȥңҲ˺ܶȥɽѰǧɽΣλҲĺܣȻشﲩ࣬ǰЩɽͲˣ¼Ҳӵĵܹҵĵرÿһϡֵǡ
˶ĬĬͷ˵ʵ˵ǧɽΣǰѰ
һ£ֵǧɽܹǻһǧŵ֣ǾһǧΪ׼ۣλֱӼ۾ͺãÿμӼ۲õ10߶ûʲôɣ
ٴδųζһۣЦ˵϶ûǾ۰ɣҳһǧ򣡡
˻һڣ˲ⷢһ֮
үģ˵ˣһټ10СһſھֱӶͲأ־ڱصˡ
ߵĻкͰչʱЩסˣ׷׵۾ңҾδ㡣
ҵʮֵҪſڱۣ˵ǿ˵ˣǮǲҽеģȻеĳڣǾ͵óǮ˭Ҫò֪δأ
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ãϲϣܹ˵ʱ򷴻ڣɽɲӦٴΰɽĴ죬Ǿڲ
Ҹɿһ˵ĪװȣװǮŻ˭أҳǧ򣡡
һ䣬˲ķһҵţǧһǶôĿܵˣֱӴվĪ
Сšץסҵĸ첲ʾҲҪЦҸڵĹϵٺãػǰģ̫Ҳһվ߳ڵĴš
ҲĲУٴΡᡱһվָҵıӵôܻôǮóƣ
ԵҲһĿңɫء
˶ȣ΢΢һЦ˵ӣǲټӼôҪóǧǲͲپˣĻҾͰǮóһɢҴǧɽֱߡ
ջǲҸҶģĴһҧ˵ҳǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
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һβҸĥˣһͨ죬תͷңŭ㡭
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ĺˣſֵǧ򣡡
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ĺصĲУҪſڣԵǻһס²ɶϷΪһǧɽΣⶼ쭵һˣֵôǮɽ˵ҲһСĿɽ£һĿ֧ҲòôǮ¶Ҫƽʦ֪ˣȻŭ
ֱӱˣһ˦˻˵֣ŭҲɽǮУ
˵ţһ֣ԵǰѷɽԾȻУ˫ţ˵׷꽣Ҿ͵ˣֵֵһڣ
ɫһоһӣ׷꽣ˣϷ֪׷꽣ɽɽ֮ǧľȻֵǣν޼֮Ī˵һڣҲֵá
ȥСǸܼӣȻҪóˣ⻹ɽɽ֮Ƹҵķʬ߲һλⷨ˵ǾԼĵڶⶼóҶ֪˵ʲôˣҪãǧɽΣҾøˡ


1358 
ڣλɽĳһͬǰץסе׷꽣ǻЩŭ˵ɺ֣׷꽣ɽɽ֮ɽ棬˽Ʒ˵ģ¶ɽĵӶͬ⣡
׷꽣Ҹ״ҵģǾҵĶȻǲҪңСҸоһ棬ƴСûôԹըҩģһš
ǼûӵģͼĶԺܳʲô£
⻹һϷҾԽԽ˼ˣ΢΢ЦͼӴ׵˵˵ӣҪûǮأ͸Ͻ߰ɣǧɽε׻ҪҪˣҪҿˡ
ҪҾͰ׷꽣ˣǧɽθϽóЩ˵
ɣ浱׷꽣ôԵɽΪʦɽ£ֻôһѷɽǸˣƽʦַǰƤɣСӸ侲һĶŭˡ
һ侲׵ԵʣɽҲܹס
ô嶯ˣ˱οǧɽǲҪˣøҶɣȥĵطң˵ҵõĵر
⻰ͻȻЩʵĺٺһЦ˵ǸСӣҾͲôǮղǽӿ˵ˣòǮҪɱۣҵǿôóǰǧҪòĻҵǿɱ˴ˣ
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кͰչŵĲУСšСš
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һۣе֮ɫϵܣǮѾˣǾͰǮóɣνĳ޸ӣ˽Щ飬ϷҲ˿ƫ̻ɽӿ϶ҲӦ
վ΢ЦſһЦӣѺϽۿˣһĽȥֱ˶Ѽˣ
ǲˣ´һۣϿտҲôҲóǧٴμѼӲ㵹ǰǮóơ
˵⹦Ѿ̽Ǭ˱֮УǰôӶϻµóı˳
ӤȭͷСҾò㹻ˡ
ҽǿóʱǱ֮϶ʱɢһɫĹâȻڰ죬ȴҲβס貣˶ӳյĵġ
һ鱦ʯ㲻ͨȻҲǼֵǵġ
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ӸǴ˹סĶǱ˼֡
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ֵֵǮǵ˵㣬ܼң㿴ֵǮֱӽ˽ܼҡ
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ʱи˿첽˳ȥĹһ˾µСӳ
ӸģһӣҲǽģ̫꣬ˡ
ܼù˳ӸӣǱСķŽ˳֮Уſ˺һŲ⡭ܹǶǮ115ˡ
峺ͨ͸֮Ʒмۣļ۸һ10𣬻ҴԼ80һˣ115ܹǾǧҡ⻹˵ļ۸΢һתֵ֣һڡ˵
һ˵ĻкͰչǳĳһһ϶֪һһص


1359 ʮٳ
׿ڿ˼۶ɫǱȿ޶ѿһһףоһһ㣬ҴܹͲʣεʹ֮ɫ
ˣȻһЦ˵ܻܲǧɽΣֵֵǧ򣿡
˹ˡȫˣǼֵǵı׾֣ܳǼǮˣһóһǮ㡣
˵ţһ֣˰ǧɽù
һ˳ȥƬ̵ĹһµĽУУЦŽǽд򿪣һǧɽξǽ֮УȫȫβֱúţˮܲƵһСһǻʵǧɽΡ
ϵܣƣǻʵǧɽΣǶүС˰ҵôһ꣬ҲҲڶƷıˡ
˵ţ㽫ǷǧɽεĽнҵС
ֻǿһۣ㽫ǽֱӷŽǬ˱֮С
Թݺݶһۣҧгݵ˵ֵľ͸ҵţ
˵գһ˦ӣĴɽ󲽳Ŵȥ
ȻܲǻͻλȴǺܿĸҵһתȥ
ȫһ
ʱӣλϣôż߰ѾǳԹҲٰ
лʢдǻҪͲ߶ˡٴһ֣Ŵ뿪ܵûӰˡ
ܼңϽ͹ͳȥٴк
ܼæǰζһӭȥЩɽ뿪ڡ
ԶˣŲʱ˲Ц
гҼһƣϲСţϴôֵǮһҲǰǴкǰװ㵣һŵ亹ˡ
ǰСŸ磬Ҳ϶òôǮҪ군ˣԭһչҲ
ҲΪӣֻС̫ᣬʲô˶ʵǿɺޣѵһ֪ʲôˣ졣ҳ
ϵ˵ļǣСӣɽƽ̵ĶӣСͽţĿССͱһʮΪԱЩѲŰˣʵأǸСӣӦò̫̫һЩû취ɽƽ̶⺢ǳ谮мӣСҲûܹʲôί±ϵܺݺݵĽѵһƿ϶ҪģϵܿҪСһЩǡѵ
չЩԶĵطһۣмˣǻ
СףɱСӣֶθأû㶯֣һ϶֪˵ˣϣܹɽˣָתЩǵ˵
ˣǲСӣҲѵˣҲôھôڣֳʲô۶Ҹ˵һʰһ١ҵ
Ҳˣ˵Ѿأ֪ʱƹض
أʲôʱ飿ʵ
֮ǰɣҲǻ˵ġص
ʱͻȻһʵˣСӴԶܵȡǧɽεкã
¶ɾ˼ˣɽƽ̻ٹһ±ʮٳϥ¾ôһӣһӣΪ˸˹٣һݴǧɽõѡǧɽβܹΪܹ٣Ƹָӵƣ˵еʱ˹һֱҵһǧɽβӣⲻˣǿڷ粻ϵǶүй¶˳ȥֱӾҵŪô죬û뵽̾Ϣ
ôһ˵ҶӡͲǰ㻵˼ˣܹ㴦ĻǵǧɽΣҲһƬТģĿɼƢ̫һЩʱӣʵڲǲôϲ
ǼڴƬ̣˵׼ֱкһͬò͡
˵ʵǶµģ֪˶ϸҲˣʢҲƳ٣ֱӾ͸ȥ˺ԺĲ
Ǽ˸ûãӾͻζһߵ߶˻˵Ѿ뿪ڣһţĴ󺰴Уһǽһȥ


1360 ֮
ٶȫ˵֮У˵ʵŰ裬һקĶӣʵ˵ûʲôǸʲôȫֳ˵һĺӣԺ󲻶ӹ˵þҪǳʲôӳ
꣬ɽɽ֮׷꽣óҲʦүĹײİסӡ
СûʲôµģµľЩαӣһױһ׵ˣ˷ʤ
ٷǳԵΪˬ죬һʼԳԺȺȣҲû˵ģȫǳƤ
ȷҪʱͻȻɫһ䣬֣µĽǿֵǵı˳ķϣ˹ɫϵܣǿ赹ԡ
˶һ㶣֪ʲô˼ɫһ䣬Ҳ֣˵ʲô˼Ʋң뽫ǧɽθջȥ
ϵˣʵǧɽȻ󣬵ǸǶүҲûжǮֵһǧ򣬿ȴֵڣϵô˼׬ϵݶǮأ
ô˵ʱǿ˵ˣ˭ļǮߣǧɽξ˭ģ߽Ҫ֣ҲҪƵңͽջȥҳ
үջȥɣ¶Ĳָ鷳ˣҪǲջȥǹⲻȥڱʱڳλǰڵĴæڱȹһЩĺǣ˹ϵǧɽξǵڸүһ⡣Ҳ
ʱǼڱʱҲڱæҪȻҲ˳ǻûôһ˵ǻջȥҪȻҲ̤ʵٴξܾ
˵ϣҲͲ˵ɶˣǽǱ˻ȥ
˵ʵڵģ˵㲻ʲôϻģ򲻵ѣҲóãҵĿǧɽΣǮƣ֮Ҳǿĺء
Ǽ쵽ֵزڽҲЩ΢ȥһ飬Ǯƾ͸һס
ߵȦ֮⣬󲿷߶̫ǮƣעΪʵ
ͱɽ׷꽣ڵ˳ٸߣǿ϶ҲǸ⣬ʵСҲΪǮֻΪһ
֮ϣ˺֪ܶ࣬ɫȫ
Ҫĵ飬ȥ置˹ɽȹկһϪӵ顣
Ѿᵽճ֮ϣҪһʱ䣬ұ뽫ǧɽͻȥѦλүˣܼƽ顣
ڲֹһθ£ǻƤڴ׬һʣҪȻҲļ
ʱ֮ڣ˳ֵ׼͵һ仰ء
ʵҲЩԾԾԣϵƺ߰˰ˣ׼ָء
С¹ƣŮѲӣһ룬Ŀ
˳ܲүﲻɳӡ
ٷǼ˶㷹żǧɽθѦ͹ȥ㲻ڴ˾ˣƸǡ
ƺͽסһߣӻüŪ۵˵кýĿǼҼ㣬ֲ֤˼
꣬Ȼɫջǡ
ҵûʲôһȴ˫۷Źʵ˵ϽҵǼ˲ˮӺÿ𣿡
ѽڶɫǵӿ϶ǼƷŮһ֤ϲɫԵ˵
ҵļһ£ûСţҪȻסһϣ
ǺðסһϣҺͰչӶϻͻȻӦ˻һֲ
Ҿ֪⻨о컨ʵûǸӣεһЦֵ𡭡ҿԲǻ߰ɡ
㣬ƺͽͣһֱ͵ſڣȵſһſͣһʮֺԽҰҲʶɶӣһ³
ǰ˵үǸһƳûˣȲ죬ﶼ죬ֱӿŻȥͺá
⳵ҪֵǮɣչΧǳתһȦ˵
ûǮǿʮ֮һүݣ͸ÿõĳӺٺЦ
ǱûҪ⳵͵飬ҲòգҲûоܾ˵ǲ뿪ôõĳ̫ҡھѾЩзˣһص˿ǽء


1361 
뿪˾Ϳ͵³ֱϳǶȥ
ҿųչڸʻϣϵоųϵĸְťĲУ˵⳵ֵƣӦɶʿ棬ֵԲһǧ¿׬ˡ
ҶԳûʲôоֻǾܾУɶóֲܵɻչ˵Ҫϲֱӿ߾УϳǻһǿҵĳҿŻͦ˳֡
ҵĿչֻһЦ˵òôõĳڻȦ⳵ȥ
ںչ˵ǿֵڣڿ׬ˣһɶҪ˵Сſǹ󷽵ģôǮ˵ҪͲҪˣװױǰӡ
ϻʹ죬չȴᣬڳϷڣܿӳϵһ﷭һµСӣ˳ǰһΣɶ
Ҹоǵðչ򿪿ûһ򿪣ǺװľȻһźɫпǿϻд롣
һſұ⣬ϵҲǿǰ׼⳵ڳһÿǿ϶вǮ
˵ţչֻǿеһAPP˿ź룬һſϵǮչʱĲӳϱ˵СŸ磬㷢ˣ⿨ǧҵţô㣬ⱲӶûмôǮ
Ҳڵֱʸһ£ֹ󷽵ģҵɫܿͳ
֪ʲôʱƺͽӾѾҵƢԣ֪ǱҲջȥڳֽţΪ˻һ顣
˵ƺͽµķ񣬵ǵˮ©ҪȻҲᷢչֵز
ôǮұǮֱӷˣһôǮҲûá
ȻкͰչЩǮҲû̫ȤҪǮֻԼֱֵܼ˴ˣ˭ҪȱǮˣԵȡ
Ӳ֪оͿ˽ţ˽֮һɽϣʱɫѾˣԼһӣ·ϸͿʲôˣ⧲ǣտһƫƧ·ڣɽͻȻһʯͷóǵĳ
һæһɲûжܹȥǿʯͷײ˳ͷϣֱӽײĶһбһԣԽ˹
ԲżȻͻȻ״úõ·ţʯͷ粻ƫƫǾʱ͹Ȼ˶ֽš
ԣӸոһͣʱ˼ͬһʱ̴˳ţӳ׷׽Լķ˳ĳš
ͻȻ䣬һӰһǳʮԶĵط
죬ȻΪ֮
ǵĿסǰ˵ʱ򣬶ʱͽ˳
ҲүģȻɽƽ̵ĶӣǸļһ
Ըˣܹɳһ⡣
ģôˮˣûǮҪɣչĲУſڱ
һʼһΪһصĳﻹͦŵģ֮ҾͲôˣûӵļһʵǲΪǡ
ߵ˳ǰһ۱ұ˵ĳͷʱһŭ˵ģ֪⳵ֵǮ𣿱ȱ˵Ͻ޳Ǯң˵ҲöŸոտûãˡڻкͰչᣬֱĿңͻȻ˵ΪܲǴô
вɣƾʲôģҲû˵
ǧɽβܾô׵ߣһӮˣ㽫ǧɽθңģҲģǮոҪӮңˣԺҲ㣬ΣƵԹԵ˵ȫûнǵĻ
һ񾭲һôģԴǽˮˣһ¿ˡ
ɷ˵ͻȻ׷꽣˹
ÿǰ߳һƱ㲻ϵһĵ۶ĵΧĲľܵųӰ죬ֳˡĶ
еǰ׷꽣֮ϾȻҲǽһ㷢һĺ⣬ɫģķ֣з֮ǽϴ˳
һѺý̫һЩ
ǣΪǲݺӣĺǿ׷꽣һҪƴļƵʱҵҲһ˿£ĸ֣治


1362 ɱţ
վһûжҲҸУǾ۴һ嶼ûУӮ˻ˣò̲һô
аɣҼʶʶı£㵽ǲ˵
վﻹǲֻЦ
ΪǲҸֵ֣ôˣûϵһϣֻҪܹҷŵҾ䣡
ȥôĿƾһˣսֵˣֱû߶ˡ
˵ʵһصһϳƶ˵Ĵ󻰣Сʲô
һԵİչ಻סˣһֱӵҵǰŭСŸ磬ɱţʰСӾͺã
˵գչһ֣ǰѻ𾫳˳֮ϺâһɫĻڶ˵ֱͦǻ𾫳ͳ˹ȥ
ұҪȴˣչСӵıƢһס
չңȻΪǲǸ̫ȣҪһͺŽԿ׳ƴȱһЩ̡
ô˵ҲǴСУͯӹģɽ֮Ϊš
һɽƽ̵ĵ϶ʲôзź;ҩãŹ֡
֮УҪ˵ĳģӦþǻˣҲͯӹµʱͱ۾ʦߣСУֻϻ̫̰һЩûнȫ˼ϡ
ߵзҲȫһһǵһǷ𷨡
ֱңչ϶ԿҲĶ֡
չһŻ𾫳ӭȥһʩչΪֵһУǻ𾫳һһųɫĻӽ֮¶ֱ˹ȥ
ܣǴһĨЦݣһֻͻȻһһŻֽ˳ǻֽһ֮󣬶ʱҲһŻ⣬չ³ĺɫײһŻ淢һʱʧ֮С
ɽʦ
ղ˦ķɽʦڷ֮ϣɽΪܹԽéɽ޴
չôԵһУȻһƻֽ׾ٵĻˡ
͵Żײһ𣬻ûȫʧʱӶˣѣһе׷꽣һΣһֱӳŰչĿ˹
Сǹݵģһ־ǱҪչȥġ
ҿСôûзִ磬žҪǰչ֣ȻӻûжһԵĻͻȻһѽסҡҡͷ˵СţϣҪ԰չģ¶ġ
˵ҲûеףȻĿȴһֱǶˣۿе׷꽣Ҫڰչϵʱ򣬰չͻȻջ˽һնڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣֱӽеĽȥʮա
ţ˾ʹһ飬˫Ľ˴ײһ죬һ𻨴磬˲Ϣ֮ͽʮغϡ
ҾðչйȥУҶˣ͹˰չʵ
֪ʲôʱ򣬰չΪƺǿࡣ
һʼưչɵľܹ£һ֣ŷְչǸӲӣеǰ㲻һ
ٵĶ˼غ֮˺ܿٴηɢ˿
ɫʮأŰչ׵ľ룬ҿչʱ򣬷ɫӵأŻ𾫳ֿʼ΢΢Щ
չܹٵĽ⼸УѾʮֲˣȻչĶ֡
΢΢鶯˫׷꽣ʼˣǻûзӦʱ򣬵ٴζˣգۼĹ򣬾ٴ˰չߣӿľֻʣһӰеĽһ֮ڻӿ߰£ÿһʮֳء
Ҳ֪ۻ˻զأǰͻȻ˺üˣÿж׷꽣ԲͬĽǶʮֵĽŰչϴȥ
չͻȻֱ˽УƽƽľŽӿٵŤһ۾δھĵȴʲô
Ȼ䣬չһһͿȥһȥĞųʱݣԭӰžͱסΣջֻһˡ
ֻԭһҪչҪģȴչֱһ£ǡǡסһ
Ҳ׹ղһºһӰֻͬһ㣬ʵһֱһˣǰŶʮյĽʵУɱб󿳳һչˡ
չõҸоر죬ϸһ룬õ⽣ǱӽĹԪն


1363 
ˣ϶ˣ
ǾӽĹԪնֲûвҳ֣ԭչѾһֹԪնı¡
ײһ˾ǱסһһǺὣһǻӽһɾǱӿҺͻе졣
ҳǶ˿ȥʱ򣬷˵Ľµİ·ѿ˿ӣ֩һܲ
ʱ򣬻Сĸ˵СõĽҲ򵥣ɽĶŽС佣е˼ΪĵزоһܹˣֱӲͬλֻһж۷ҲѣʵһˣΪҪĹͷɱУ˷ʤչӽѧԪնñǿ׽ģԪնǲѣɱˣһֱҪΪ򣬴öĻǻͷˡ
һ˵ȻֻǶ̶̵һʱûû뵽չ٣˹Ŀ࿴
ҵĿһֱûдŲڽһҵĹ⾰ٴηֱֿϵ鷢ˣͻȻе׷꽣һ׷꽣ԾȻ˰֮УƮͷ֮ϡ
һ׺֮ɫٴһŻֽһΣŻֽȻ׷꽣ϣ׷꽣âһ
һ̣׷꽣ָǣ֮£ֱӳŰչ˹
׷꽣һΧϢʱޱȣǽâʢЯһɴݿƣŰչȻ¡
ǽɹʱ򣬴ֱڵϻһĹֹ֣֮
꣬һֲ̫ˣҿҲľ¼еķɽƣըˡ
һʮֲõԤУоչ϶Ӳסǿһ
ǵתͷչʱ򣬷СӼΪ˫ƽŻ𾫳ɽ۾վһ
׷꽣˲䳯Űչǧһ֮ʣչеĽٵĶҶûôֵģǽһεĿ׷꽣ϣáһ죬׷꽣չƫˣһֱӳߴ˹
үģӶѣ
ҷӦȽϿ죬һ֣˳׷꽣ȥ׷꽣ײڽϣҵһ飬׷꽣Ǳҵ˳ȥֱӲһԵľʯϣֻ¶һ棬
һ̣ߴһƺߣչ󼱼ۿһƨɾҪڵϣûмʱϵһѽչס
Ȼסһ治ףչɫͨ죬ţǴǻһѪߣεѪؿ֮ϡ
һչˣչԪնֶǸոţûȫչԪնľ衣
ܹס˰Եһû뵽ġ
ȰչǱһ֣ھʯ֮е׷꽣ٴԾȻС
˰չһۣһΪأʲôŻףƨ磬һûеס
չˣһƿ˲סĻУŭģ
˵գչͻȻеĻ𾫳͵һ裬ǽ·졣
ҿ־ϵ·޷Թ
⣬չҪŴУҪ֮һʩչƱ㲻ǰչĶˣڵİչ˵ܴҪϺһӣΪһʤһˣֲǸʲôʮƴ
ˣ˰չߣһץסӣһע뵽ϣֱĵʱȫж
СŸ硭ɶչЩյ˵
Сף𼤶˷ţʰãСŸôѵҵ
չЩļʾģұǰһ֣˳ģĸС
쿪ʤĴקĶ֪ԼʲôˣƲŴˣǱīһʱ䣬ͺ¿Ǹ°ܽһϣͲҪô鷳ˡ
ģͽҪܴӮңǿǧɽҰ͸㣬һǮҪҪˣ㺰үүҲң˵⹦ұ˵еȫеǰѽѾҼâʢ˱һ졣
˻棿һϲ˷ܵʵ
棡ҵ
һǮҪҵģʡ
һǮҪֵ
ǺãɽаɣеĽһ


1364 к
˰չҵͲһ
СԼᣬЩ£Ϊκ˷һִ綼ûС
ҪǰչֶλԣֻҪ΢һչ϶ͱһиɱˡ
СĽҼŭˡ
ֵܱ㣬¶̣
ʵղ˵Ǵ󻰵ʱҶսʤɽƽ̵ĶҲû̫ĵݻѾǾ͵ӲͷƤϣܴܲĹǵô֪֮
ȶ֣̫żŴˣһͽ˼£е׷꽣˶ӳյտĿһֱվﶼûжۿһҴʱͻȻʹ߶ٰ˲Ѹײڶٶĺ棬žͳĴȺնһ
һСһϵǣСӾĺܣǳ۾ͷûлأܿջ׷꽣һ¾ͽҵĽ
عԴʱ֮һĨ֮ɫѿڶ
ϣû뵽СӵĸéƵģȻܿһ䣬Ҵ⡣
δ䣬ž͡ৡһҿʮգʮֵ꣬õһ·ͶԸչʱõ׽ȫһСӿ֮ȷͦУ֪ﳤ̣ܶùʹõڶ顣
һʼƴֻǲȡһֱȽϱصĴ򷨣УӲҾ뾡·Ͷ̰壬Ȼ취Ը
СӸ·ƣѧʮַӣĪĵϸ
ڸҹ˼ʮ֮ٶȺܿҲܹоĳұȰչǿ˺ܶ࣬ƺΪڲ֮䣬Ҫȡʤܵ顣
˫̽һܴʮֳȡ
һιʮ֮СֿʼУȻ䣬Ҹоǰһֶĸȫ׷꽣Ͽ˹ҲʲôС佣ΪأͻȻˣЩ䲻⡣
Ȼ䣬⽣ӰһƬҿɲչĹԪն֪ôӦһУȻ仹ЩңҲǺް취ΧͻȻôӰӵʱұ̴߶ٰ˲һʩչΣսȦ֮⣬סΣŸղŵĵطȥʱͻȻͷһ⣬ղŪǼӰӲˣǵطһˡ
վԶˣܹ⽣
Ӧܿ죬Ҷ˳ȥһٴγ˹
үģôʱûгɱУΪǺ۸ģҲСӿٵĳ߶˽꣬һɨǧͳɨ˹ȥ
һ֮һϯǰ·ĵ涼ƷЯһݺݵײ˹ȥ
Ųһ٣ֳһ˿֣̿ܿɽʦӭݺĽ˹
ɽʦâһʱ⣬ײǵݺĽ֮ϡ
һͣЪҽַ˵ڶֲġ
콣ڶʽ㾦һεıҼ˳һΣӽֱ֮һڴɫȻȥ
콣˴ŵĲУæ˼ֱӼ׷꽣ֱǵɫײ˹
һɫݺݵײ׷꽣ϣ׷꽣һֱײ׷꽣˳ȥһʱâס׷꽣֮󣬽Ų˼
ӻûվȣֱӳֱײ˹ȥһΣһ߳첽Уһٴʹ콣ĽߵеĽֶһƬɫĽӰͷֶ¡
콣ЩӦӲϾһʱ˷ִ磬ǿתĽ꣬æһεļ׷꽣˷ɽŽ˹ȥ
ǺǣһкС
ǼסҵĽۻһͭǮ
һ̣ҾͽͭǮ˳ٵļ˱ͭǮšһ춯ͭǮʱ˼ʮöͭǮҲǰ񱼣ЩͭǮͲϵķֳͭǮҵƮȻѹ¡
ûǰѷɽʵۿۣҵǿεͭǮ
ĽŲǲţҿֳһ˿ɫͻȻٴδ˼ŻֽǺȻµͭǮ˹ȥ
ǼŻֽס˱ͭǮ󣬵ȴûеסңҾһųŵڵһ˫Ʊŷ˳ֱӳؿ˹ȥ


1365 ˻һ
һʼռλһֱ򲻶ϵķأ÷̽СӵʵŷСЩɲ⣬Ҳ̽ʲôǱΪҵһһʩչ籩һĳѹȥһбһ׺ݡ
һұͭǮ˫£ͭǮٵͭǮȻ£Ҳ֮жϣؿ˹ȥ
һó˼ɽʦȥֵǼɽʦâһȻȼգһƬ״ĽâЩٵͭǮǰ档
ͬʱϿٵĺˣҪ뿪ҵĹΧ
죬ұ죬˫ƶȻؿ˹ȥСӵķӦ˵죬Ӽ˵ͬʱߵĹȻڳ˫ҵ˫˹ʵʵĸҶԺһơ
ڼˣһбȽĹڽʵƷĿʱܹҵ˲
ཻ֪ʱ򣬿зһը죬ųӿҷһƺߣŲˣȻһ򷭹ڵأһ֮ЩǱվ
ٴһͨ죬ǶʼѪˣСӸһ֣㽫׷꽣ٴе
ͬʱҲջ˽꣬ԶԶĿ˵ˣ
Цôܻ䣬ֻʤһУҴſ£ֱɱңûл֮ǲ䣡޺޵˵
Сӹһͷ࣬ˣ䣬ղŴһҲûôȫֻǷų߳ɵ½ˣϾСӸҲûʲôޣء
˵ģƾҸ֮仹Щ飬¶Ҳ̫Ժ棬Ρ
ھѾ̫࣬ɽֵڡ
ǣСӰڳһĵļƣΪͷۣҵֵѾļþգûûƤģΪ治Ū㣡
һ˭Ū˭أٽһԣ
˵գһεĽ׷꽣׵ͷ֮ϣٵ˼־ָͷ׷꽣
׷꽣һεâʢתִݿƲ
ˣСӿƴˣҪųռеĽࡣ
Ҳӣæ˼һ߶ͭǮͷ֮ϣһֻס˽꣬ˣһǾòףæֿٵշ䣬ϵҵǰ档
֮߶׷꣬նħǧӰķɱ񣬷ɱ𡭡뷣
һ䣬ͷϵ׷꽣Ȼâһε۾ɫĹâһЩʱԭһѵ׷꽣ͻȻѱʮѽӰķһͳ߷
ȥүģ͡
⽣һɵʱҸоһޱߵĿֲ˷ҵıͭǮŪ⽣һȣС׼ˡ
֮֮ⷨеǰѽһ˲÷ɽɽʦӳֹ񽣡
ǰշ赲ס񽣵ĺƺ֮
˵ˣɱ񣬷ɱǺεȵĺ
ʶģҾ߶ٰ˲Ҫ㿪⽣ַΧǵҴ߶ٰ˲ʱȴһ飬Ğų⽣ˣٰ˲ʩչ
үģڳ̣ⷬҪҵ
һָʮѽӰһ죬ֱΧһԲȦҵ˷סеȥ·
ˣЩ˵һ仰㵽ϲ䣿Ļᣡ
ԶĻкͰչͬܵ⽣Ŀֲ֮׷ǰһĵ֮ɫ
Сš㡭죬˼ֱ䣬Ϊ¶
˺󣡡ҳŻǺ
кͰչһǵĿң㲻ǰʮֽš
ֿ˵Ȼڤ粻飬Ҫʹɱ֣Ǿͱˣ
˵գһ㿪ʼзӡ߶˺ϴ辭һܹ׷꽣ȫɵ鵽ֵزֻܸˣҪ䣬ǲܵģ
˻һҪһƤ治ܶ
ãô֣ô˭ǶڵЩˣǣԼͲҪˣҧ


1366 Ѱ·
չֳһ׺֮ɫ׼ɱˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵һָʮĽӰٴķһֱӳ˹
˵ʱҾѾ߶˺ϴ辭һǻüģһξѪΪ˺ϴ辭ӳֲĽ
ܹҶ˺ϴ辭˲࣬һһ湻Ե
ܿ죬ֱӴӵб˳ٵ澭ȫ϶ȻڳһŨĺɫɷ
ʮѽӰХ£ݿ࣬ͭǮȻɣΪҵһߣҵס׷꽣ĵһ
ֻⱱͭǮ׷꽣άֵĽ޷ȣֻһ٣㽫ǱͭǮײɢűֿʼάֵǼѹ
ҵĶߣһ鲣Ұ죬ǼϿٵ߽⣬Ρ
ۿʮӲҪײϵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ͷ֮ƮɫķȫҵǰЩɫâһȻҲϣҵǰ棬Ҳʵࡣ
ˣǽӰҲϸ˼ֻһǽӰƱ㱻˴롣
ʱһѽһҵܱߣ֮䣬һӰеĳȫ˳ȥ
Ҫ֣һϤӰҶ˳Ӱȥʱ򣬵ǻǰὣһնڷļӳֳ֣Ͽٵĵ˼£жȥһ˼ԵԾ
Ľûļӳ֣ʱޣֻʣһ׷꽣վǰǻýס˼Ž׷꽣һɣɽ·ϵһʯ֮ϣ졣
ֹ׷꽣Ľ󣬻˲ŻعͷһۣʱŵĻһæ˼
Ϊʱң˺ϴ辭Ѿе;˱쳣ֲĺɫɷ֮⣬һ˫̸˫ۡ
ǻ˿Ѿŭˣɱģæһأޱϵ˵Һ⺢Ӳ£飬һƶˣ
ʦ壬ҸʲôҺСӴأҪˣͽǧɽθҡĸ˵
˶˵ֱӸһӣŭ֣ȥҪѰ·ģ
ʦ塭㡭㾹Ȼҡӣŵ˵
һЩɸ֣Ȼ첽վһҲҹֵҺɽ߲ԣϽ񷨣һ֮ȻҪ˵ġ
Ѱ·ֲңŭ
λ˱˴˿һۣһΣűȻûŲһǻٴοҺǴˡ
ⵤеħһͷųұܵϢĸȾЩѪҸ޷ƿԼ
Ҫʱ򣬻ͻȻǰ˵Сšְͣɡ˺˭á
еһһЩǰһɱ֣鷳޾

Ϊ˳һѡ
뵽һǿнǿ˵֮Уã˺ϴ辭ֻе;ûȫͷųǿҵĿƷΧ֮ڣҲûȫ
˺һҲƽϢеŭڵĺɫɷ˽ȥⷭӿĞųҲƽϢ
ûйȥؿڱ쳣ʼЩң֮ǿ϶еġ
ֹ˺ϴ辭λɽ˸ԳһɫҲÿࡣ
ʱ򣬻ߵߣһѽקסҵǰ棬ŭǳϽСϸ
ƾʲôҪϴˣһų
˶ղҪҺ飬ѾˣĻö˶˵վŭ
Ļһ˭أղҪλʦļʱҵĽɱˣŲӣ۵
˻һʱλ첱Ӵ֣һ취ûС
Ѫĵһһλ˵λˣǴ߰ɣԺҲ뿴´ٱһ飬˵


1367 һѪ
λ˼˿ڣٴγһ񣬲ٶԣȻ˷ֱסĸ첲㳯һԵɽ·С·϶ȥ˳㻹ǰ׷꽣
Щޣ󺰴ţλڣҲãܿԶ˴˴ˣⳡ־ƽϢ
ǱһߣкͰչΧֱסҵĸ첲չеСŸ硭㻹ðɡ
û¶ҡҡͷ㱻Ƕ˲ųų˹ȥûʱѪӿؿһƣͷһһڱõѪ˳
ղŶ÷ӡڵеǿһ˺ϴ辭һһξѪ߶ոʩչûüӲֱұ˻ȥ֮ⷴʮӿѪ³֮󣬶ʱ࣬ӽҲһ߲ɵ
˽Ҳ˳ϣһ˺š
һ£չļһһʮ񾭲蹷Ƶģһƴ
ҪɱҲô׵飬ղûС׷꽣ŪĽ󣬼ֱǾɱղҪǽΪȻ·һˣλɽ˸Ԯ֡е
⵹˵ʵȻ˶˼㣬һǿΪǿȦɵģʮҸղŶ˺ϴ辭ҸоҲһܹסɱһĽ󣬻λļʱûһһ
ȻյĽпǽһɱҪôɱҲɣʢŭ֮˺ϴ辭ֱӴҡ
һֽҪġ
ʱҸոճʱоЩƣǺҲһƣҸճǻҲԶ㾪׵ĵز
ڳϴϢһоһЩûнڳǰǿʯͷƵ˹ɰչڳϢָһ
ԽԽƣƽһôһͱҳӣãûɶ⣬ʻ
⵹ûɶ񾭲Ӷĸ飬ʮֵơ
룬һ֮Ӧò鷳ˣλ˿϶ῴһЩ
۾ҿʼԼ壬һһʱ֮ڣ޷˶ˡ
νǧɽ͵ѦҵʱҲλүӰƣȡָĿһЩ
һ·֮ϣҾڳϢٴ۾ʱѾϳǣҴʱɫûȫ
ϳǵļûˣһ˿տյģоȻȤ뻨кͰչȥҼЪϢһȻʱȥҶȣǧɽθ͹ȥ
¶ܵ飬ҹζ࣬ѦλүĳԽﻹǱȽϱһЩġ
㣬˻ص˼ϢһһֱһʱǸ¥˸Сһʹ㿪ȥҶȡ
û뵽صСʱսͼصˣΧڿĺ۷׷ס
ͻȻ˳˹սɫһϲСţ⳵İɣ
ҴбЦ˵Ļ˭ģһô
һ¾ǣûܿôĳСǷˡս
øǶ죬һս壬ҾϴسǷ飬Ǳ㽫һԣһ¹ʡǸͷ飬ûҵ
һ˵¶սһݣ˵һص˲صĺһصһҪɫһôҵģôʱһֱûϢץЩһصķ²УҵǼʡֶȷλãѾص˸һˣ飬Сӹû
Ұ˰֣˵ɣٴҲûصҷ𡣡
սȴһ£˵СڶǧˣصǵܿҪ˵ҲУǵصܾһֱҪ£Ǹɣȥȥ
ɱҸɲƵĲ£һϰ֮ˣҾͲˣһЩҪȥҶһˡ
ս庮˼䣬ұҪǶ뿪ʱսֺסңȻ˵СţҸ˵һ飬Ժصˡ
һ㶣ʵҿСӲ̰ܻߣֱӱص鿪˰ɣǵϷ˼Сˣ⡭


1368 ֳ
ս屻˵ķһۣû˵СܲһãˮţܰѹʷͲˣ̰ðְˣʡֹ˸ְ칫ĵطҲУصĵӾͽˣԺһ໥
ȥô˵Ժ͵ýֳඣսļһ£ʮϲ˵
սҲЩԵõ°˵ô˵ɣǵ͵㣬ֳͺá
ǹϲϲҴӺҶȻ˵ɶҲҪһǸ缸ȶپơЦ
Ȼ˵ء˵սɫһֵ࣬Ҫ˵ܹ֮ʡְֹҪ㡣
⻰ô˵ģѵҼүӵĹϵҺ
ֳܰͲΨ׵ˣҪ㣬ÿһصˣǰҴ绰һζԸʡһصжҲǱ͸¶ҵģŴְ֣лл˭ս
üһôһ˵òЩÿδƺĹҶս绰кص˹ʰ̯ӡ
֮٣ս˹٣û뵽ġ
սһʱҲˣ˾ͷеεĺֱӿ˺Ҷȣûж೤ʱ䣬Ǿ͵Ŀĵأͣ˷羰ֱӲгѦҩȥ
·ϣҸѦС߲һ绰ȥڲڼңǿ϶ģԴȲ̫ʹ֮󣬾һֱٳš
ߣǼһסܼҵǸò绨ŮӣѦСҲ뿪
ܿ죬Ǳ㵽ǸѦСһڴڵǣ߻վһʤѩһμɫһЩѾ죬֪Ƴ׺ûС
ѦСٴμҺͻʮֿģȴûмչҶȣչҲǵһ
˴˽һ֮󣬴һϤԵþн
ҲһһǴкҹеһ壬˵öˣٹһ¾ͿԻرˡ
˵⻰ʱҿѦСߵһĨįɫɼСߵڶûиļ˼ϾҪؼˣɵһûС
ѦСˣæ͸һϢ˵λү˵ĵرѾҵˣʲôǧ֥һǧɽΡ
˵ѦСϲ¶ϲɫæҶʲôطϽóơ
ţҾʹǬ˱ȡǸУѦСһѽ˹ȥ֮󣬶ǧɽϸһۣñ˼£ϲСţͦţİⱦģ
ҵһЦȱǴҵģ˵ɽεܸܲүˡ
ѦСͷ˵̫ˣɽһǧ꣬ƷҪһǧңǾƷеľƷλүӵָտɴ
ǻϽĸү͹ȥѦСȷ֮Ҿ̤ʵæߴٵ
ѦС߱ǽУһ˳Ѧҩ˹ȥ
ǽչͻаѦҩ̣ȻŴҳŴӺķȥ
λүڼ䣬ϲ徲ûǶ˸һȥ
·ϣѦСһֱЩֵĿǽǧɽΣŲҴң˷ɵ֮廹ЩԲһߣʱѪЩӿþʹ
ѦС߱ͷ˵Щʲôһת˺棬ɫʱͱˣЩʵСšˡôģ
ѦСҲûʲôģѰǧɽεľ򵥵ĸ˵һ£ص˵Ǹɽƽ̵ĶһһĴڣеļƷ
ѦСΪҲЩ˼飬˵ôô׵ˡ
ӴʲôУֻϧⱻҸײˡ
˵˺ϴ辭ͷӡѦСæ˽УʼҰƬ֮ѦСߵüͷչ˿˵һ϶ˣܵ˳ײ֮ñ˶֣ȻٸȼʮȫӦþȬˡ
Ҳ²ұȥկǻϪˣѦСȥǻƤ¶϶ˣٹһ¾ҪˣŪ¶ҪƵ
ûҸѦС¶һ·˷Ǳ˷֮УңңľͿǼСӡ
ǵʱ򣬷ѦСߵүүѦþſɨѦСһ˼ңеĴ򿪵Ľи˼ҿ˵үɶ


1369 ѩ̿
ѦͣеĶ߿һ𣬽е㶪˵ϣֱӳ߱ЩĽӹѦСеĽУǰϸۣż˵Сߡ⡭ǧϵɽΣŪģ
ѦС߿һңЦ˵ǰãҽλүӵСһ˵ͼ룬Źû೤ʱ䣬СžͽǧɽθŪ˻
ѦñǽУĿңȻûԤϵǣѦþȻֱӸҾһһأŵæȥֱӰ˵ϣЩܳ˵үǸɶһܵĴ񣿡
ӣǰϷɼ㣬˵Ƿ㲻Ҫϲźã㽫ǧɽθ˹ѩ̿ѦҵãϷҲ֪ôмźˡѦүӸм
үѦұǰλүҲȷҲܵˣǧɽΣҷ֮£λүӵƾָҲһֱ̤ʵġҳϿҵ˵
úӡϷǴˡѦֵ
˵Żλүƺ˶һ˵ðǲС⺢ˡ
˵ţλ˼Ҿͻ˳æǰλ˼
ʱλүӵľͷԱǰ˺ö࣬·ҲЩΡΡ˻Ų߶
ˣҲЩھΡ
ǶΪҲűӵġ
ʱѦñǰȥ˫Ÿλ˼ҿһۣүС⺢͹ġ
֪λүһǧɽΣɫʱ
Ѧʵֵܶ˲˵ǽС⺢ΪβҸѦҲһѦҽƫһ磻ȴҪǵѪѪȷһ㣬Ǹ𣿡
ŴԣѦСæǰһֱӹλ˵ǰϻ̳Ͽֵ˵λүһж⣬ҽ¸Сŵģ˶ûйϵλүҪ𷣾Сһ˰ɡ
λ˼ҿ˹ڵϵѦСߣɫʮֲá
һʱܵˣæǰһλүӣǧ¶ֲС߸磬Ҳǵϵ壬¶ұС߸˵أңǧɽҲûзѶ󹦷иѾרѰĵرģڶǶүҸôһ˵ǱҲУͻһǮ˹һ鷳
¶Ȼôô˵λүӿģʵҪ˵ǧɽķһۣ˶ϻµףǸƷŪ治ס
˵λүӲ̾Ϣһתкҳȥ
ǰߵʱ˳㽫ѦС߸һ
һߵҲŽλ˼ҷֱѦܿСòˣųȥû죬ôŪӡ
εһЦ˵û취ڽƮܲҶϰˣҺҵѦңҪȻҶ֪˼ˡ
⻰λүЩ̿ݸһЦ
ѦֵҿǱģˣӸպ֮зӡûüúٴǿд߶ȴ޷йűˣûʲô⣬һǸ㿪ЩҩںҶȺĴϼ죬ָҲһЩ
ҽҽðֻۣܿϳʲô״
ǧɽθλ˼˻Ҳһ׮Ը
ڴ˴һλүЩ飬Ҳҵ΢ָһҺܿ͸ѦС뿪ˡ
ѦѾһǧɽȥλүӰƣⲹҩһȥʱգλ˼ҵͻָ
Ͼʹˣס̫ڡ
ѦС߳ʱɫѾ˱Ѧҩޣ˻һһСơ
ðչֵʱҲһЩˣֻǸҵȣĲأҲҪһȵʮȫ
չǵһκҩҩƯĸɫ棬ŵĶҺȣҸʾ֮СӲſһһĽҩԺȹˡ
㣬ҺͰչԼѦһִʮ죬ҺͰչƺ֮󣬲뿪˴˴Ź껹ʮĹ򣬱ǰȥկƵ󿪴ٶ֡


1370 ˸Ů
뿪Ѧҩ̣һкܶҪȥһ飬ܵս룬Ǹ缸һٴƣףս˹٣ʡصĸֳ
һԺȵصļˣǸǸŮ̷ҲڣϻͰչЩص˶ս뿪Ϊᣬֻսһֵø˵飬һףף
˵ȷһ飬ս˹֮󣬶Ժ߽ҲиĺôܹõԴҲ͸һЩ
үү¶ȥս˵һЩϾ£ȽϺùͨһЩ
ںȾƵʱս廹˵һ飬һǲǵһгŮˡ
һ겻ԬǸСʦô
ʱ껹ץģֻϧԬǸС
ʮֺ棬սʱսŸ˵ʱһ׽ʱѾУһǲüǵ顣
¶ҵȻǵãʱѾкüµˣ¶вңɱ
ս˵֮ǰͱתƵϺѺҲ˵һӣǸŮڶһˣĻÿɰҪΪеԵʣƾʦ˷µЩӣ͸ñǹкüˣںȻȴǲܽôǹҵķǱģʮˣҲ⡣
úһûĸףϾûġ
¶Щ꣬ǿǸӣĸѧãһôĺҲ
ҵһ飬Ԭӵ˽ǣ֪ԼĺѾ᲻һۣ취ֱӽӸߡ
Ȼ¶õսķ񶨣˵ֵطܽ˸ȳȥΪǵطɭϣѺȫǽϺܶʮߣжǿأǲ˺ܶྯأҪˣֱڵ죬Ϊֹûֵܹطܹӳܹʩȳɹ
ҾЩƣս壬ȻѺôʮߣﲻǸֱӱˣʡ˷ôֿǡ
սȴҡҡͷ˵ҸеϵЩһͱɱǽЩ˱ĸ׼ֶΣԸ飬Ҳʵ²͸˿һ˼Щӵ˶Լ̵ĻЩ˷Ҳ׼񣬾·ߣԺ¶֡
ҲΪʲôôɥļһֻҪˣûģҿ϶ǺԼ̥
ԬͳǸӣҵһ뷨ս֣ܲܲҽͺӴӳŵһĵطܣȻٷųȥԬ϶ΪðһΣʱһڽļһԬǾͽ׽ù鰸
Ԭһһֱͷ󻼣Χһըҩ֪ʲôʱͻȻˣĵСӸֱӰˡ
ȻЩɣǲ˭Ҳ֪ȥҵСӡ
ϸҵһμԬʱʮ꣬ʱҲֻǶʮͷһⶼȥˣǸʮ˾ĴСӡ
ʱ졣
սһ£鵹пеأʱһ£ܴܲٳɴ£¶Ȼ֪ͨңΧʱԬ֡
һ˵ԬҾһˣҸԬʼٸߣϳ޼ҵĶ죬ԴǼ֮Զ̩ڼֻһΣϴܣһص°ߣСӳ⣬°ӣҪأ¶һֱͷģԬСӸɺޣһص˹ᣬص׽ȻҲؼӺҵĳ޿νǲˡ
֮ǰսһֱǱߵĶ⼸궼ȥˣһϢûС
ԴˣսҲûа취˵Ѿ˸үͨѶ豸˰мأȴûκϢȷһ㣬Ǳү϶Ҳ֮ϵģȴûϵġ
϶ҲѾ¶Ըһʰ
ҾҪʰ飬бҪһ߶ˣʵڲУǸ缸ȥ̩һˣֱӾһֱôң⡣


1371 ĳζ
ȻⶼǺ󻰣ǰҪİ飬ҪȥկǻϪˣ˳һƤѦСˡ
ѦСһȳһյ·Ҳôһ¶ÿҿӣﲻⶼЩѦСÿοҶûɶɫ
սپ֮ڼЪ˼죬Ź껹Ĺ⾰ѾζСﾭһȺܺӷ̵죬䲻Ļһ
Ѱ͸ĸéɽˣҲ֪ǹϰϰߣŹʱȥéɽǶһأ˳Щ͹ȥ
֮ǰͻȻһÿʱҪӻСһԸҹһ֣ԴҸǾʱһ굽ͷ绰ģֵ֮ĸ鵭ࡣ
ҳϣһֱڿԶǣйΪǣǻˣһ뽭ЩɼЩ޷ƿصġ
һֱӸǿעǣһֱúϰͰϰ࣬СϳǣһҺܴҵְ־ǿѧҵ֮һ꣬ԼѺϻС⣬ȥ
ǺұǼϵһ£ǰո֣ǸƵһۡ
ǼҲûɶܿʹӦ
ٽ꣬Ҳ˼١
ʱ֣ǰ͵͵ľƵ֮ڣȺǼ
ҵ֮һСʱǼ½½Ĺһ棬Ƕ׷׳Ҵк˴˼Ķ˺ܶࡣ
ĪģͻȻЩͦ˵ģ֪ʲôʱҺ֮䶼һ޷ĸҡ
ǴһʱЦŭ˴˻ָоǻزȥˡ
˶֮󣬱һʼԵЩִ٣˼֮󣬴һﶼʼſˣһ˵Сʱһ𳤴֣ܰϤĸоֺһһЩ
Сĸӳȣô˵ʱžƱ˵ǵһĨ΢Ц۾Ƭ۾ζ
ԴŮѱϪùƶ֮ҺٿٿĵЦ
ͨǼ˵Ľ̸Уٴ˽ǵһЩ־ǿⲢ̫˳ҵһ֮һ࣬һЩǮһͬѧһߵ꣬⵹ǻͦãǾһЩСȥңԷǮ˵һЩǮ־ǿЩ𱬣ϸǴһܣĸ⣬Ҳã֮󣬼ң־ǿΪͷۡ
¶˼ˣ־ǿɶǿ˵˵¶ǰǸģϿ϶ʶһЩˣøǿҵ˹ȥŻһǰһǿ϶Ͳȥˡ
־ǿǿĹϵҲһ㣬ҸǿڸһһǼƵ꣬⣬СŲڡ
С飬־ǿ˵϶Ǵˣұ㽫¶Ӧ˵õģȥԺôô㶨֤ȥˡ
ҿ϶棬ҳ֣ȥһ£Ӧúܸܿ㶨ϾǰҲһƬĵͷߡ
ʵڲУصȥʰǣһٺݵģ֪ˡ
󣬱ߵˣӸ˵ܿҪˣ飬ϳһַͰȥסһŮѣĺƯʱؼҸƣÿԣ¶ôˣͽ顣
¶ǴһﶼͦΪӸ˵ģ䣬ҲϴСˣڴǼˣϺӶܴˣûϴѧڲŮѣѾǺˡ
ͻȻϷһЩ⣬ӵͷ׵ĿͦģҲ࣬۾ȫѪ˿
ڿúɵĻɣԵһЩԾЩ̫ԾˣҾƵʱһŵһɵĳζζ֣ǰûŵҲ֪ʲôζ
ҵľھҲû˼ʳڡ
پһֱȵ˺һﶼ飬뿪ˡ
룬С־ǿ֮ȴһסңЩִٵ˵СŸ磬˵飬ͷԣܲܽҵǮáҹʱ仹㡣
¶붼û룬ֱӴһǮݸ˵Щ
æ˹ȥ˵˹ˡҪ̸ŮѣǮĵطȽ϶࣬ǰʱһַͷȷʵͰ͵ġ


1372 ſŶ
˵вǮ˵һ飬һóҲɣǣҲЩֵ֪ڵ֪̫飬̫࣬ԵüΪͻأһǮҾܽܵķΧ֮ڣҲ٣µĹʡ
ǮҲûҪĲ˵Сæһʮɵġ
ӽӹǮԵʮָˣлһתҪߣסʵӣŮǸʲôģʲôǽܽܣôһʶһ£
СŸ磬ȱżʱ˵ɣʱ䲻ˣҵøϽȥҸŮԼˣھ͵ȥЩż˵
СӲ˼Ҹ˯˰ɣʶ˶ˣʵ
ӺٺһЦ˵ûãʶ˻ڣǺ̸˺ܺõġˣҵøϽˣȼˣ˼һġ
˵ţӱ㳯Ұ˰֣ת첽žƵ첽ȥ
ԶȥıӰܾЩġ
СӶ֮һо˺ܶ࣬һʱܴŵһ޵ĳζ˵ʲôо
˵һ𴩿ɿ㳤ֵܵУĵľӣѧȽ磬жû꣬ȥһʲôú̿ѧУ˼꣬žȥϰˣ˺ʵûʲôۣ׾ͻϵƭղǸ˼ҵŮѣŸʶڣͰ˯ˣŮҲզأôɵľͱӸˡ
˵Ӧӵĳɡ
ҾЩģ֮ҺܿҲӺ˳ȥ˼ٰ˲ֶΣƵ˾Ƶǰ棬ͿӿһĦгһʻ˹ȥ
˳һ⳵˾Ħгӱһ룬ԶԶĸ
ڣڶѾҹʮһˣָϹ꣬ϳʡУһͳ˿ճǣ˲࣬ᷢ³
ŸĦгԵʮָˣһ·СĦг
˴ԼаСʱ֮󣬲ŽͣһϾɵСԱߡ
Сǰ˾ʮģְᣬŶûС
ó⳵ͣ˳Ǯͽ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ӿͣ˳˳¥ߣҵһֱĽŲͣŵĸȥҾŵĶ
ʱѾ¥ݵĹսǿڣ¥¥һ䣬ƺ402
Ƭ֮󣬾ﴫ˿ŵ죬һŮ˽Դ̽˳۾һʱۣ꣬Ůʮ˰ɣȫӣĻཱུģ˵ĻͦƯǸŮѣ
ôҲ޷ǰ顣
ŮһţĵһЦôŻʲôȥˣ
Ǹ˵ҸһȾأһһڡ
˵ţһקסŮ˵ĸ첲һڡ
ŮһƿӣôǮ𣿡
ˡ˵ţҸһǮŮֱһ˹ȥʮϲģ
Ҹоܲ԰
۾Ϲ𣬿һܵŮˣʲôʱζôˡ
ǺֱӴ߶ۣٴγŮ˿˹ȥ뿴Ů˲ʲôණӸ˰ɡ
ǿ֮󣬷Ů˿ͦģҲûʲôرĵط
ʱŮһӣεε˵ɣվˡ
ڴӦһɫԵ˽ȥ
ֻǣŮһתʱͻȻһ˿Ů˵ĺϺſһʲôͷ󣬸СèƵģǶȴһ˫Թ۾ƺң߶ݺݵĵһۣڶв
ϸŮѾ˷ţһ߽ȥ
Ҳ֪ſŮ˺ϵĶʲôʲôöˣ˿ӿ϶С
аǧǧ棬ҴûмֻŮ˺ϵĶҿʱһǸоһɺڶ
Ƭ̣һ402ſڣһ£Ŵˡ
ӵİΣҲͲƽôֱ࣬иɽţĹһƳ˹ȥ
ġ顱һ춯оֱӱȥ
һžͱҴˣȥȻĹš
ôһ֮дЩＱˡ
Ȼ󣬾˺·һ뵽Ӵ˿ڱһִڿУҾЩθ


1373 ۾Ϲ
һԥƬ̣¶ô
ڵӿǹϣҪֱӸ˵Ů⣬϶š
ңҸǴɿһ𳤴ֵܣôȥ϶ÿ
ȻˣڵӿǸְһЩٶ˵飬ٵһսҵʱҽȥƸÿ
ˣǰȥɣӻٳԵ
˵ţҿ첽Ǽ˹ȥҵŵģһƾͿˡ
žͿӱְֿеģ·Ҳ˲ˡ
˾ֱЩ̫۾Ϲ˶졣
ǸɿһȻţڼͻȻͣ˶߿˹
ְǷһУæסؿڣһ·ǰ档
꣬ģǮҶһ۵ģ治֪ʲô
ôˣһ֪㣬ϴС
ӿ֮Ҳһæ˿ӣŭСţʲôʱģҲͽǮôң
ҲӵĻ۾ְ˹ȥְԵʮη壬һֱǽ
ʱǰһҵǰ棬˫۶ˣŭ˵СţʲôҲ˺С
ӣ֪ŮǸʲô֪𣿡ʵ
һ㶣ûʵʲô
ǰŮʮ˰ɣ̽ʵ
СŶʮһСüء۾Ϲˣŭ
Ȼӿ϶֪Ů˶ʲôֽţˣ۾Ϲˣ۾Ϲ˲ǡ
̧ͷһṆְ̀λ̣㾿ѶʲôֽţˣҪȻҿɶ㲻Ӻ۸ҿɲǸƲ
ҵвְ̲ΪǴţӣҡҪҡ
һҲһײϵٴεҵǰ棬˵Сţһ𳤴ѣС浽û˵ڿʼҪ˳ȥҵʲô鶼ûзԺǻѣҪǲĻǾͶԺ˭Ҳʶ˭
үΪһŮˣңŭ
ү˵һ飬ҹ۾ˣŭˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ãӣУҾˡ
˵ţұתҪ뿪һתĹҴóѦС߸ҵҩһӵϣһعͷʱӵѾ΢΢һΣֱԵ˵ϡ
̸ְΪֵĿһĻŵĲУ˿̵ְǸеˣƣʲôֶνӸԻסأ
ҽӵһԣǽţȻֱһӣ̵ְĶ棬ֵ˵λ̣أƢ̫ãҲԭģŮˣҲ⣬ǾǲܴҵĵߣҷССϵõܴһӣ㽫ӣǲǵøһ˵
Ůҡͷ־˵ߡʲôûҾͱˡ
ҺǺһЦվְ˹ȥֻ˳ݸ˵Ǻð㱨ҿȾˣҿô飬ƭǮƭɫᰡ
ҿҪְߵʱȻ䣬ιһ磬󱳵ĺëһæһٰ˲һԣٴγҸղվŵĵطȥһĿСҵǰ
СͷССèƵģںڣԴϳżͷ˫Ѫ죬ȫܼС죬޶˿ֲ
͵ǸŮ˵ǰƯڰ֮еģһɺſ۵衭衭
ְƵĿǸСŵ˵Ժӡ˸ߡ
Сõ̵ְ˵һΣٴγ˹
ôһСͻȻҵǰһСЩŹ֣ҴûмģģԬСҲûʶȫֻ֪ɱˣСȴ̵ְܹͬĻҿʮ
СҼöˣȻûʲôηģС˹ʱվһûֱӽеĽ˳
⽣һֱӷһ֮âҫСû˵ǰŵķһҽУһźſķƮ˹ȥ


1374 ʬ
СһܣҺܿ׷ȥһٰ˲˿֮УһźСһΣһƮ˽ȥ
Сⶫʵ壬ܹǽ谭ȴУʹõٰ˲ֻܹһĿռ֮ߣܵʵ谭
׷ǸСһʱȷǽյģⷿŻȽ⣬һʮֺصķš
ﰲװŵģ͸˵֮
ͣ˷ſڣһۣҵоλãһδ߶ƣصĳоλ˹ȥ
áॡһ죬оӦϣһţ˽ȥ
߽֮󣬶ʱɭɭһʮŨϢС
ζζһɳζУҴŵǹζҪŨ˺ܶࡣ
Ž꣬߶һȦܿ췢мĵطһ㰸㰸֮ϹһһһӤģĶⶫ֮ǰǸСһ޶ںڣú̿һ㡣
ֻǣӤһʬ壬ȷе˵һ߸ʬˮš
ǸӤʬ滹ڷ˺ܶ๱ƷϹңЩʵ⣬ⳡôù졣
۾㰸ϵǸӤʬ忴һ֣ܿҪʬϸƣʱ򣬴ӤʬͻȻٴڳһź۳ǿֲСģ죬вһ㡣
⺦˵ĶȻ̴߶ϰâ㳯Сץ˹ȥ
СһĲҽУܿƮƵҵҪٴ롣
ôɣŻ˼շ䣬סСܵķ
Ǽշâһֱӳǽϣ֮䣬Сýǰ㾪۷˻
ͻ˺üأС޷뿪ֱӷ˺ݣ˹
˵СĵвߣûԬƵС塣
Сʱҿٵ˷ʬߣһ³СȥһһţСһĲҽУ˵ϣð˰̡
ҿ첽ǰҪֱӽС˵ʱְͻȻͨһֱӹҵǰ㡭㲻ҪɱҵĺӰ
˵ţŮ˽ҿ˼ͷһӦŮŵСߣһѽ䱧ǹе˵ӡӡû¶ɣˡ
Ů˵Щ޷⣬ôһСԼĺأ
Сʬˣû֮ǰ֮ɫһ˫С۾ηĿңϸܵСţҷв
ҿһĻһʱ䲻֪ôźˡ
ʱְ̱ϷȻ˵㡭߰ɡұ֤ԺҲ㣬ŹĸӶһذɡ
ŹԣҪ˵˵⵽ôһ¶ô˵ģҳ
ְ̿޿䣬ֻҡͷǲ˵
ˣҿɲʲôɫֱһ֣Сǻק˳зСס
СץţȻЩԸҪſҧңֱһ·ʬߣǰ˻Ρ
СΪηʬߣʱͣ࣬ССɪɪ
˵ôһСǵкܸߵĹ˷ʬ߶Ҫ˱ᡣ
ŮһСϰݣֱӷ˷һ˹ҪСֱȥ
Һһֽ˳ֱָǸŮˣ˵˺ҪȻŪ
Ů˿һеĽֿСһۣ԰վһ
ұٴαʵǸղǸ⣬˲ϲ£һ飬Ҫ˵Ǻð죬ֱСȻ͵һĵطǵط϶˻Ӧ㡣
Ů˻һ£ͻȻٴοһ͵˵ϡ
Ҳȥһֱ޹˵Ҳ١
ץǸСֵ㰸ǰһȦӤʬԱ߻ڷһչޣǹɳζǴչɢģý꽫չ޴򿪣ʱһЩɫǻһĶ
ٴϸһ£ûų⵽ʲôζŮ˵װʲôôôţ
Ů˿˺һ̧ͷңЩ˵ǡʬ͡


1375 С
үģģ
Ůһ˵ҵһչ޸ȥ
ϡǵãһԬͳʱǺҲƹʬֶֻǵʱҾҲûϸȥƣŮһ˵Ҳǰʬͺӹζ
㽫ʬŪʲôŪģҺ
ʬĨǾӤʬϵġŮС˵
㻹ʬҳԾ
ŮҡҡͷæҲ
ҷϻҵ޶ȵģ˵ôһ¶ҹ׺ݵ˵
ŮŵĻһŸ渵
ԭŮһҷнְԱѾʮˣֽޥһλ飬ʮǰɷˣҲû¸һŮΪԵʣɷŸĻ顣
Ů֮һֱǼįѩʮֹ¶
ڰ֮ǰǹ˾֯Աȥһ̩ȥΣ˾˷
ĳϣޥ̩ľƵ꣬һ˳ڴй䣬֪ߵһСӣǸһʮֵĵ̣ϰǸȣ˵һģޥ˵ɵӪ
磬һйˣޥû뵽ģĵĺͶ
һĲ֪ǻȵӪרСͷƵģЩС̩һЩĸɮƹģʮͨ顣
˵ޥһСȥĹţС԰æԸ
ޥСͷƵ˵ģһֱҪҸ˽ӡ
ֲСܲʵԸ
ǻ˵ԣֻҪһСȥҪԼĺţС˸飬ʲô󣬱ԸСҪܶԸ
һޥͶģԼеĻǸС˻ڼ﹩š
Сһʮּ򵥵飬ÿ춼ҪϹ֮⣬оСʬˢʬͣʬͱǴ˵ʬһ֬˵ˢʬͣԽСһֱǾ߸ɰͰ͵֮УΪá
СУҪˢʬͣʬҲһʺܴĿ
ûãʬͱùˣ㻹Ҫͨһǻﹺ
Ҫ˵ǣԴС֮ȷʵı࣬ʲô鶼˳˳ˮһָʹ쵼ĺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲١
˵̰޾ģޥ֪Сָ֮СһҪҪƯСܲܰ쵽
СӦ㽻ޥһӣ׳ӣȻٶ˵飬ȡԷľתƵԼϣӶԼͻӵƯ
ЩӣǸСɵʹһЩֶΣЩӾͻᱻԻʶͻޥʮƯÿϲһĪ
ӱеһܺߡ
Ҫ˵ַҲаеһ֣һ˫֮һЩơ
ΪʵԼ̰ޥò䱾һСһȲƵĿƭЩӵɫ֮⣬ƭȡǵǮƣԴ˹С
;֮ҪǶ˶СĹʮأе˶ᱻܹ⣬Ҳἱ˥ȥ
νķɡ
ޥСʱ䲢ŰԷɻûֳ
Ψһޥб仯ǣԴӰСķԸȥ֮ԼһһԭʮͣһӾᵽʮʱ
ߵǣƭЩӣѸٵĲȥӾһӣμоСʮꡣ
ޥеĵģǴסһƭףоƭЩЩƣ챻ե˾֮󣬾ٻһˡ
ӾǱƭĵˡ
˲ʶڣַʱʶģޥ֡
ʮֺ棬ѵЩƭ˶
ޥȴ˵ģһϲˣǸСЩ˶ֽţЩ˱뿪ٽо
ޥƭˣ϶Ҫʧܶľ͸֧Ҫٵġ
ҵһ̩ааȻĹЧҿҷȽϼʱҪٹʮµĻӹҲҪե˲ɡ
Ҹо飬бףޥڹĿһСķ֮ӿֳյĽǺ˺Ūһʰ


1376 
һֱޥɫһһ
ޥ˵ԭί֮󣬱ٴιҵǰҷĸһ֤ԺҲӡ
ѾˣҲĪʧ֪û٣¶ָô˵
ֻǲ֪ǿľֲܲ¶ҵѦС߲С
Ůǰ޵Ŀ⣬һѱһѡ
ҿģζӳ£ʵôԺ󻹴Сɣ
ޥŵû취Ǹ˸ңһС˻ͱһֱţҪ;ˣСᱨҵģĥ
ֱӽСˣԺͲˣôʵ
ޥҡͷ˵СǸ˸˵ˣСûˣǱ߿϶֪СҡһֱΪֹ㣬ǰɡ
ԣСУǸţ϶Ҫˣڰ㣬ʱˣᱻСҳ
ޥҡͷﻹ¸ͣҪϷֱӽСŪĻɢʱͻȻһ飬Сӻһ֮ء
¶Ҫ˵Ūãôʱĸˡ
뵽ұץʵСֱһȥޥԥһ£ҲսսĸȥӴĵط
ӻö˶˵ֻҩ˯˹ȥ
óǿѦС߸ҵǿ޹ǣӵıһ£ӵһתѡ
ҾӵĶ棬֮󣬵һ۾ͿңҪ𣬿ǵץŵǸĿС֮󣬶ʱŵı㲻ҶˣСš㡭ץɶ
˵ɶȻҪĶҳ
ӲԣһۣվһԵޥûתŭСţҵСȥˣ㽫ôˣ
һתͷ˵ԴޥǲС𣿡
ֳޥһۣҡҡͷŵ˵˵˵ʲôأСôᣬôС
˿̣Сץһб¶סˣʲôͶʩչԣ˿ޥĿһֱŵǸޥ
ҿޥһۣ˵˵ɣôʵһ
ޥԴϵĳţһ͹ӵǰʼ֮ǰ˵Ļԭԭĸ˵һ飬һһէɫ䣬޷ţץŵĿСֲ֮ɵòˡ
ޥе鶼˵ֱ֮Ӹӿͷ˵ŶԲӵԭ¡
Ӵʱ޷⣬оӦñһڳ˺üӬҪܰɡ
գеһжת˷ŭͻȻվһһƾͳޥ˦˹ȥŮ˷һУ˵˵ϡ
Ȼӻֱȥ˼š
ѾģܵӦþƭĸɣ׼Ҫˡ
ȴֳһ档
ҿǼߵݣæȰӣˣ͵ˣûûˣ˴ˣСӿ϶ҲҪԲ˶ߡ
һ˵Ӳס֣ʱûˣͷֱߵ˴ߣһ̣˴ͳ˼ڡ
ٴתͷ̱ڵϵޥ˵ǰЩ飬ҿԼ̣Сأ϶ǲˣأȫԼȡԺΪ֮ɡ
˵ţҿһץŵǸСǸСƺ֪ԼҪͷٴ˼£ҪſҧңȻ佫עʹһСʱҺһһźʧΣɢ
ҶСʱޥȻվҪֹңѾˣСѾҸˡ
ǵҸոС֮ͻȻ䣬оԴ䡱һһǱ˭ͷһƵģһΣֱӴԵ
ԺһƬθ˳һþݵĺУʮַŭĸ˵ʲô˵Ĳģߴ̩ģȻ˵ЩʲôҺ֪⻰˼ӦǶҵ䣬˵ɱСҪΪ˸ơ
ҵԴһ죬ſڵʲô֪ˣ˶ӶʱӦ˹Ҵӵϲ·ϣУż˵СšСšզˣ


1377 ӡ
ҵԴ죬иֲڶҷΪ񶾵䣬һɲǣҸоĴʹ
ָоʱ䲢̫оһӶұָ
һԵɵۣͣҵУҵ֣ҡҡԴһץסӵ֣˵ӣ𼤶û¶
˵ŷЩ˵Сţղžôˣö˶˵ôֱӴ㿴ڵɫҰ׵ˣû¶
û¶ҸղͻȻЩͷۣëˣǰҲйҶѵ
Ҳ˵ʵ˵֮ĶҲ޷⣬ԼԼӦ֪һҵ飬ǰ˵һЩԣҽǸСһҲûио̫ľ档
һʱͻȻоﻹЩȴʹУ̧һиںĶһǣЩǷǸe֣ȷǷġ
ǲ󣬻ûָ׸Ǵ󣬾ǽǵһֲ࣬һ£ô棬Ҳ֪⵽״ʲô˼
ҵǿȫ϶ҽСŪĻɢʱ򣬲µӡǡ
˸ղЩ֮⣬ôһѾûɶоˣ۲ǶһӡǣоҲûʲôӰ죬ȫȻ
ֻһŹڵϵǸޥŮӿȥ֪һһ
Ů˾ͳĲզأǸСŪĻɢ֮мϵĶʧˣǸŮ˹ָֻԭģͷȻףƶѻɹɵƤһʼʱҿиʮ꣬ʮˡ
֮ⷴһӿʮصģ֮ǰΪϡ
Ů˿һͻȻ俴ԼĲϵ֣ŵĴȻ󱼵˾ǰһգԼ˲ϵģʱңݺᣬһε̱ڵء
ӿŮ˵ģ֮ε˭϶ҲýܲˣΪҵһλŮԭǱһ̫Ÿƭˡ
Ҫ˵ŮҲǹģ
о仰˵ĺãͲ
ĵ·һߵ˺ڡ
¶Ҫң³ܻ⻹ҡ
һ뽫Ů˽صϾҲôˣһ룬ˣѾõӦеĳͷֺα侮ʯء
еһУȡԹñˡ
ұк뿪ӰͲҪߣһӶ಻
ҳϾɵС֮һ·ɫʮѿסİ̾߳˺Զ֮Ÿ˵СŸ磬ζ㣬ҪȻҿ϶Ҫ̫Ÿˡ
ˣʲôϵĻͱ˵ˣԺע㣬ûеڱĺ¶ʲô֮ǰȶһȥҪһȣʲôܲˣǸ缸ĵľ㡣ѵ
֪ˣͷڲ
ߵ˴ִ֮Ǯݸӣ˵ӣЩǮţڸ˷ӣΪŮˣ϶ҲûٱƭǮѸûʶϣС־ǿǿ϶ҲûٽǮɣ
ӿЩǮҪˣжϡﻩȴҸǮ˵Ѿܰˣڻ֪θлأֽǮãҲ֪ʲôʱܹϡ
˵͵ԺȢϱϵˣ˵˵ӲŽЩǮˡ
Сӣ˽ⲻеᣬ¶϶뵽ǼϸǣҾżңҲҲңֻø־ǿСǮҲôԣǮʱ
ЩֵܣܰľҪһʵһֱһھθУԴ֮Զֻ̫ܾ࣬Ϊһ顣
һֱͻ˼ңȻ۷˻ȥ
Ǵһ绰ǿ־ǿǿһСô˸飬øǿЩ˹ȥʰЩһǰϳʮĴӣڲˣӦûڣǿȥӦܹס档
ʵڲУֻص棬ʰһǺùˡ
绰ѦСߣһӵŮ˸˲ٵľ֪ûʲôҩܰӻָһ壬һʱ䣬賿һˣѦСѾ˯绰ûдȥȵڶһٴҲ١
Щ㶨֮ұֱӷ˼У·ϣһıǣЩʹ


1378 ǰ
ϵǣһֺܲõĸоЩӦ
ʱʱľ;ЩʹҲ֪ǲΪɵġ
̩Щһ˽⣬ƶҲ࣬ʱˣҸЩŵʲǡ
ص֮ʲôû룬ֱӵͷ˯ϸ缸ȶ˾ƵԵʣԴеΡ
ڶһһ˯ʮ
¶Ҫӵ飬ŸѦСߴ绰
ͬʱʶֿһĴǸǣڣˡ
绰ܿ첦ͨ£ͱѦС߸Цɶ¶ܺõӡ
û˵¶ʺһѦҵλүôˣȥǧɽûзЧ
һ˵¶ѦСԵʮָˣ˵λүѾǧɽθҩˣ״̬һһ죬ɫʮֺʱͷû¶ʱ򻹾ȻУ״̬ٻʮҲûɶ⡣
ϣȥٻʮ꣬ͷһʮˣǻ޷
˵λү࣬Ҳ̤ʵˡ
ҵһûа׷ѣѦҲһЩܼ顣
ѦС߳һҾ͸˵ӵһ˵¶ѦС߻һû뵽ӻô飬˵СӵȷЩɫˣһϴУȻһϰ̸ɶˡ
٩һѦС߲ĸ˵¶˵֮ǰҲƵҲҵѦҽΡ
ھȥε˶ˣǵаʮֳ׹ơͷСʲôĶϡƽ
акܴķͱС˵һСȷʵһʱ˳˳ˮ˺õı
ֻǽԺǰˣһЩ˶Ĺˣ°뱲Ӿͻʮֵң˵ù˵ͷֶǲҪմȾ͸Ʒһֻͼһʱˬ죬ȷǺ״
ҲǺ鷳ֻ迪ζԪҩʱãָĹ⾰һбɻָ
ѦС˵ҿĸһкҪȻӺпܻδ˥صĻһ¡
û뵽¶ôأұѦС߸ϽӿҩһЩȫѦСˡ
ѦСҲӼ棬Ҳʶұ㽫ӵĵ绰Ūҩ֮󣬸͹ȥʱá
ѦС߾֣Ҹﲻ͹ҹȥȡҩأ¶ȽϺһЩ
ʵҴ֮Ҫȥ置˹ɽȳϪˣ˳ȥǻƤѦСŪʱҪúóı飬˲ӣ¶һܸѦС˵ǼİΣŪСҲҪ뵽鵱С
ѦСߵҽû˵Ҫ˵˶֣Ϊ飬ǼѾ˺ܴľ룬ܲ־;Բ֡
ǣұѦС߱һɣ˵ҪȥéɽһˣҰһ꣬Ǹȥéɽ£Ҳ֪ϰϰߣۿҪˣҪǰһȥ
ѦС߲м٣ʱӦ˵ӵ齻ͺã赣ġ
ˣұ˵绰Ҳ˲١
˵绰֮ͻȻһ飬ֵǸӡǣʲô¶ѦСˣҲ֪ⷽ顣
ѦС߼ҵҽǸһѦҽҽѧģѦҽҽУǸһ置ĴʦϰģǸկʮأ˵Ǹǵļҽĵط˵ѦСӦöһЩЩǵаŶԡ
ˣ۲ģҲûﲻԣҲգ绰ûٴȥ
֪绰û򣬵˲ٻˣȻǺ󻰣˴Ҳᡣ
ʵҸѦС˵ЩҲȫǺƭȷʵҪȥһéɽĸһꡣ
ӵ鰲ź֮ұû˼
Ź껹Ĺ⾰ֱϴһ£¥˵㶫Ǵһк㿪ųֱéɽȥˡ
ĳ͵һϰˣоóǺóʮ̹ĳ뿪ˡǰ汻ŪǿʯͷײеΣʱҲûʱȥޣʹǿ˵ֺлһ޵ģһƬС
ˣ޲޶һҲںǸ
һ¶Ҿͺ޵ǱԺҷǵúúýѵһɡ


1379 ׼
ϳžéɽ಻ǺԶ糿ȥ˾ݵʱ򣬲ӣɫ磬Ҿ˵þƺ̣ȥǧַүһˣ˸棬ͷҲҵ꽻ÿμҶܸˣٲҲԺһɡ
ǧַүǱ뿪ɫûкڣھݵ̳һЩԳԺȺȵĶһЩƽƷéɽǸС֮򲻵ĶװǬ˱Уȥéɽ
ͣɽ£ԼֱӴéɽĺɽһ·ϣطѾֹһˣҲᳵ·ɽʱ·ĵʮֱֿӽȥéɽɽš
éɽƽ̶˵ˣԺéɽҵʱԹЩéɽȻҲᵡ
λĴ£Һɵľͽéɽķ֮УéɽɽųˣǧַүֵܣһĴʮֿǺ˼֮󣬱ҪȥéɽǸСǰطҲ죬ÿζ˽ľЩ˼
զ˵ҲéɽһϣλȻĴأҲⲻȥˣ㣬˻һӣֱȥС
Сһ·͵ҰסǸطȻֱһ񣬱ԭ·۷˻ȥȥҼҲû˼ȥ˵Ҽžۡ
ҰǸСԺһСɽ´ӳ֮Уڴӵһͷв˼ңҲȡһڣҵСԺ֮УԺѾһ£ԺŸ߲ˣܲײˡСͲˡСԺӲ඼ˡ
ũ⶯ǿֲǵǿҰѾʼϰߺӦ
СԺſڣֵĺܣʱлЦ洫˳
ҽȥһüһֱӳ˵ӰԺĿͷ̫̫ΧűʼǱӾء
ʼǱǰչ͵ģһܴ̫ܳ壬⻹һ˵Ӱ͵ӾƶӲ̡
ҲͳʮҪһֻͬʱҲéɽС֮вٵھӡ
ſڵʱҰͻȺ֮Уĺԣҿ˺ü˲ŷӦ˹
Ұһˣʮָˣæ˹
ǽһ°ҶӣСţûȢϱأǼҪǻûм޳ȥĹϽҶӽܽܣ˵ǾܳΪ׼ˡһסңЩͷ̫̫ܵ
Щͷ̫̫һˣ׷չҺѡ
Щˣ׷׸ǡ
Ҳи̫̫סҵ֣ϸ˵иŮŮУĿɿˣпԼǼ棬סĿҳľС˧ơ
æ˺һ˲߸ɾ
ΪϿӦúܸ˵ģ֪ҰͻȻһ䣬˵СţŸû೤ʱ䣬ôˣ
Ұ˵ƵĲУ滳׵ô
Ҹ˵ⶼҪˣһģһӣ˵ȷʵҪˡ
ҾͽƷǬ˱˳Ƿ
ƵǣҰһЩȫ֮Աǣ˵ЩЩмӼʳƷûԣԼֵĺãɫȾɶԺ죬رóԣԺҪЩ̫˷ѡ
ʲôԻԭ֭ԭζĺöҪǿһٱ
ϣɽ죬ĶˣʱҾû˵
˵ҲǣéɽĶ츣֮ڣԣȻȷʵǱԺȵĶɾ̫ࡣ
éɽ֮ϣҴ߰죬һ˸꣬ڼ䣬һֱŶϣλ˼ҹʮֿģҲŸˣӦĺܿ죬˵˶ܺãҪö࣬ͺǸԴһ㣬ˡ
Щȥһ˹ڣݻһҢˣȥƽתת˵ƽ˱չˣ²ܳأûȥš
꣬Һܿɽ棬һ飬Ǹһһ绰ȥ׼һ£ϽݼϣҪϼһ£ôȥկˡ
һһ˵¶붼ûʹӦ˵ڶ϶ᵽڵҵ绰ˡ
֪ͨڵƺͽӣǽ׼õĹʦ͵ݹ֪ͨ˻кͰչҲ˵͵


1380 ֮
һ֪ͨɣ绰Ǽɵӵĵ绰˵ȥˣҪϵʱŻ֪һ˵ĸһظ绰
ϱӦһ˵ãžͰѵ绰ˡ
£ֱӾȥǧַүļţһ½ϵ
ǧַүҲϽˣһֵεˣҶҲûʲôһȾƵʱҾͽ˵
ǧַүʱϴҲʶٳ棬ֻʹ֮󣬱éɽµľݰ˼ңҵͽǽٸƶĹ
ôһֱôʽǷǣ˹ɽȵĹկǧַүжŵġ
կӵ̫ʢֻҪǾû켣һ㶼˵
կڽϵ˵Ǹ֮أϵֻ˵ûκһ˽ȥǸطǵطǹƶկˣȥ·һʱȥͻկӱϣϵĶҲ̤벽
׹֮ǧ꣬ȻĴѹԾ޷ž
ǧַүһҪկʮ𾪵ģȥֹط̫ա
˵һ飬ʱ˵ģ˵ʱսûãٷ˽˷Ϊҵʱ򣬱㽫կΪ˷˻ɳһŵıկ
һʼٷ˲ֱӲģܹ˵ãɳһίСȥկ̸У֪կӶû߽ȥʬ˵ѪжôĶ֪
ųŭһǲȥ̽̽磬һٿȫװˣҲһûկӿڣȫûˣһѪʬͣĺܲңһǹûü
ŵ˶ŵĲУûٸҿǸկӰ벽
ų˾կΧ˸ڣںǹկ
ֻǻûüڣկͷɳһƬƵĶЩһԵڵأû
ųΣֻýȫ˳ʱկһСͳһţŸ߹ϵˣկӲկӾڷԲ֮ȫƶʱʬҰѪɺӣȡΪĴ
ų鱨ϼϼҲʮŭ˴ʡɽĸȥ˹կЩȥԸǹկĹʦ
ЩɽĸֵǽկӣСʱų
ȥʱʮˣͳ˺ۣһӳһԴ˵ϣɥӱѣߡ
һ˵˼仰ǹկǵľ棬ǵ˵ֻҪٷ˲ǹկկҲˣߵల£һƼˣҪʹɱ֣һΡ
˵⼸仰֮ǵҲûбסϵⸯõĺܿ죬µͷӶùˡ
Щ֮󣬹ٷǸկһЭ飬ֱӽկԲʮﷶΧڵӸȦΪȻﱣκ˽롣
ǵطҰĴèûҲû˻顣
ǵطȻˣǻвٶ͵͵ȥҴ̼̽Աв͵ԵˣһկķΧ֮ڣûٳġ
կǸ֮أȥ޻أǧַү˼òҪȥǸطٷ˶ʰˣƾǼǹȥ
կգҴӺܶ˿ж֪ǧַүôһ˵ֲ֮ԶԶҵΧ꣬ĲһĿֲ
»Ҫϸıһ²С
ǧַүѵô꣬ٷ˾ûдٶǹկ
ǧַү˵ôկһֱల£ǲˣ˭ȥǡ
ؼǣڵصԸǹկҲðգһկ©֮㣬ҪǺʮֲصģƶ֮ǿɲģں΢ֽţ˾ͺȥˡ
һ˵ô¶ԭȴ
¶治̫ð졣
ţȥˣ˵Ҫկ֪ͨҲ´ˣ;ıĻ²̫ãڿ϶Ϊˡ
ǧַүȰãȴʼûҸı⣬һ飬׸ı䣬ͷţƶ֮һϿ֮ǧƣҲɼùƵĸֹôһҾͲŸ㲻կСկӡ


1381 
ȥկ⣬Ҹǧַүã˽˷飬һЩսʱڵ£Ϊ˸կжôĿֲ
˵ǵСձ򵽴ʡʱ򣬶ǻĵĹèҲʮָȤרһ֧ܵǹկȥ׽è˵ձ
Ҫ˵կһȺӢۣȺСձһʼȥһСӣȫ˹կΧʮңСһӹȥҲĪ
˵èˣӰӶûмš
ôСձĪСձ㽫Ϊ˽أʬ嶼Ҵǵطȡβ;ˡ
¶ǧַүҲʦ˵ģʦ˵ҪЩկ˳յĻȻܹСձγʮֳصĴ
ֻկƫһ磬ʮأ罻ֻǸٽļСկЩƽʱͽһɶġ
կڲȥû˵ܴǹկų
ԣ˽⵽ĹկٵĿֻ֪ǴλãóȻĻ±һǰһ³֪ôġ
ǧַүҲ֪ȥկĿģҪΪǻƤ棬ˣѦСߣǧַүҲʶһéɽʱ򣬱ǸѦСһģӡҲ֪ĸͬһ㡣
ΣǻϪӻһĿģǸС񱨳ӿǺСŮѣһС˹ơ
ǧַү˼ǣİ취ĻȡǻƤ͵͵ǧַүΪóҲһȥ
ȻһƬģȴⲻȥҪΪأǧַүҲͦǸҼһȣǲ࣬ҪϾӵգν޵С
һˣǧַү϶ڻ£ζԸ˿ùƵĶֻϪӣԵĻһկһҪиʧҲû˽룬ջˡ
ˣҸǧַүһֱȵҹ
ԼʮһӵʱҲŵȵɵĵ绰һǲǴ㶯ȥկˣұӦ
ɳƬ̣˵ͷϻЩ飬ҵ죬ͷϵ鶼֮󣬱ȥҡ
Ҹ˵һµַɼˣ͹˵绰
ҹҸǧַүãҲ˺ܶƣֱھϾ˯ˡ
ڶ˯磬ֻҽһһģ˵Ѿ˾ݡ
û뵽ԶڱȻǵһϹģһڵĵطǧַүͲǲһͽܣȥһ
չ˵绰ûãžͽӵ˰չĵ绰˵ҲѾ˾ݡ
ҵЩ⣬ǵıһص˶ţԲôڣǧַүͽͽȽ϶࣬Ҳǲȥǡ
ԼСʱһͰչǶӵǧַүĴԺ֮С
һһģоЩ糾ͣһ棬һѡ
һܼҵڵһ˵ܼڱѾȫȶеһж죬ҸҪ࣬ҪĺɽĺİǧƵƿ֮С
ҴҶûüȥҶȣһɼڴҲʮֵӣҵѿ
ǸվһûĶã绰ˣδ绰ڵĽӣ˵Ҳ˾ݣҸ˵һַȥӡ
Ҳû¶ˣ绰ͣϵĽ˽ӹǧַүСԺӶʱ
Сʱǧַүͽܱ㽫ڵ˸˹
ɳ˲࣬һˡ
ڵĸ֣ҲƵţǸӶˣǸӶ˶һ˵Ĵ磬״Լʮֽ꣬г°ʮͷг塣
⸸Ӷ˱ùƵĸ֡
ղŽӸҴ绰ȥǵʱ˵һ£˵⸸ӶרŻ˴ǮùƸ֣һʮֳǸг°˼ұ֮Ϊǳ¼ϰƣνѧԨԴǳ¼һֱʮֵ͵ɽ¶ˮǾͨùƺͽƣһҽٷʱ˹ƶ⣬̳¼ҡ
Ҫڳ˴ǮǸӶǲģһҪдǸӶˣȥկƾҪ࿿ǸӶˡ
ڳ˿֮⣬Ϊļֱ֣һרŸĺ֡


1382 ʮһɷ
кܶģܹʮһˣ֮Ϊʮһɷ
ʮһɷǰУһֱŵʮһλȻΪߣһΣֱӽʮһɷָ˹ɼӶȡ
֮ǰǴڴ³ֶʱھ͸ɳ˶ʮһɷеλ֣һǮ壬һʮһɷееҵĸ֡
ֻϧλֱӾ³ֶ档
ʮһɷרŸƣÿɥнƸ뽭ϵĺּʮһɷĶ鵱УʮһɷʼնʮһˣҲ١
ȻЩ˿϶ֻǵϺһְˡ
ҪʮһɷĶ֮УҲ˭ܼģҪΪܹﵽһΣǳ˸߼Ƹģܶ཭ϵĺΪﲻҲǲܵġ
ɳ˶ʮһɷǰĸ֣ټӣԱǵĳģʮеҪõǻƤʬ
ǿ죬˵Ǹڸģֻ˵Ǹڳ棬һĶڵˣúܶҲüɵ֡
֪
һǸʬڶǷŹƣ仨Ů
ںܾ֮ǰԹű㱻֮ΪĻ֮أһ˶࣬ǹŶ࣬Ǹʬ·Ķ࣬ͨˣҲжš
ʬԲ˵үү˵ҵǴһǨƵ³صģүǸһʬĵŽѧգéɽУéɽŵӣѧ֮󣬱ϼң˸ʬе
Ź֮˵ѾãΪĻǹţؼÿկﶼжƶ֮ŮˣС޹Ʋկ˵
ɽߣƵغͿ¸Ӵ̼˵񾭡ݴвŮˣѾӣĸˣȵĲˮзŹƣǵֵĲշתջУҽҩûãָ㣬֪˹ƣΨзŹ߱˲ܹҽΣԴ˿ùʵʵߡ
ŹƵòȫȡʱΪ˿ˣҪЮˣǱ˵顣
ƶ֮Ϊ֣һǰһǺ
βˣԹҽ಻ĳ֮ΪΪȡڵģɱݺ޶
ţڶǵЩаͷ֮ģǴӻĴȥģұ׹֮ĴУֻԼݱͽԼķ
Ͱʵûʲôߵ֣֮Ҫǿʩ֮˵
ȻǰĴУǹկǱ׼ĺΪɱ˶ڵһּ
˵һǹţùƵҲȷʵ͵Ŀԣһ켣ô꣬ͷһ˵
Ǹʲô仨ŮЩ棬˵һЩδŮӣܹҶܿɽ֮вԲȣһ¶ܹɽͨһŮӣȻҲܹɽ߸
ֻǴţûУҾͲ֪ˡ
ʬͷŹһ˵ȴʵʵڵģӹɡ
֮Ϊĳ°ӱȽô˵صļүһͬãǾϲ麵̹ӣһֱ̲֣રવĳͣ
Ļ٣ǱҪĿҲǺѼ䣬ʲôҲ˵˵Ҳ˵һ֡
ΪҸоùƵˣΪҪģҪùƵֶζϸ¡
˶и˵ƢֶεӶŹһЩŪƶˣܸһĸо˾޷׽
ӣҲǽгλΪ˱ȽϺƣЦеģˣ֮󣬱ǼദĲ˵Цġ
˵Щ飬вٶǳǵġ
Ƕʮһɵλ֣Ǽʮֿ˵˵ˣһհøɶ͸ɶרŹȴֵġ
˶۵ĲˣͲЩ鵢飬ǧַү졣
֮ɲԼ糾͵ĸ˹
ˣеžһʼȥǹկ顣
ϢȥկģǹկһկˣרŸկһЩʵˣ˸Ǵ·Ҳû˵ȥҹկ鷳ֻ˵ҪһϪӣæɶģǸ˼ɵڹկ׶񣬲ҽ˴կ֮УկҲ׼òϤ̤կӰ벽


1383 
ǸȥկˣҲ͸¶ȥկķԭԣҪǱկֻܿԼ
֮ǰ⽫ǧַүҵĹկĿֲָ֮˵һ飬޲ɫ䣬ֻ¼ҸӱֵļΪ
˵֮ǳ°еĴ̹ӣ˵Ҫ˵ǹկ˽Ĳ࣬ʵկԶеĻҪֲҸڼʮǰȥһιկǸûнկӣҸ֮ȥկܵ˵ʱկʦ룬֪Ǵʲô;֪Ҹ׵ʱǹƶмңҸ׹ȥǸƵģв˵ȥȥկӷŹɱˣ֮£ҸײȥһˣֻϧҸ׵ĹʱկĴʦȣǲ࣬أȥ֮󣬱ƶһ±ȥˡ
°˵˶һ£ԭǼҸկһԨԴ
Ƭ̣ŵ˵Ǹ׶ƵǸˣǻϪӰɣ
°ҡҡͷ˵ǣʱկĴʦǻϪӣǻϪӵʦϷ֮һΪǮկһõѧУúǶѧҪһɽһԭ򣬱һȥǹկʦǶһƣ˱·һӮ˵ĻҸ׵ԸⱲҲֵˡ
ţһǱһľĵģ˵ôֻƾǮƾܽԭΪһʡ
¶ɲصģǶ¶ģоүֵڣǿ϶ȫˡڵǸһĸֵ
°̧ͷһһۣɫֻҡҡͷû˵
ӳ°ȻùƵмˣڣǽկ϶ûʲô⡣
ͬʱҲһ飬ɹҲóһǮǸկҲҵһɡ
˾һ𣬼򵥵һ£ҵط˯ˣһͶǰկ
ڣǧַүֹһլӣڵһԺҲģȫܹס¡
ҡɡϻͰչԼһ˯һȥ֮һЩһ㷲ĸо
˶˯֮һ޷ߣܾο̫ܲ˳Ϊǹկͷ̫ˣԽԽǹկҵԽҲһּΣС
һֱʱҲԺ˯š
˯ҲûмСʱˣұнѡ
򵥵ϴˢһ£ǱǧַүѾͽ׼ܲ۵ĳӡ
ÿһӶ⣬ˡ
ϸ缸һϣЩһϣ뿪ǧַүԺӡ
û˯ãڸʻϴ㲹˯ţŹͨһǬ˱еȣûУҽʶעǬ˱ҵʱûеõκλӦȴܹоȵĴڡ
˿һʱѲˡ
ֽʦִǬ˱ﱧ˳һڣʦֵǱˣʮֲ⣬źߺһӶٴγ˯˹ȥ
ʦڹؼʱ̻ܹɵóСָˡ
Ӻܿ뿪˾ݣҵһֱկ飬Ǿò̫׵
ͻȻðһ뷨ս˵һ˵ϣǱܹһҰæ
Ҿ͸ս岦һ绰ȥ˵ҵ뷨֮սΪԾ;ܾҵ
˵կ飬ٷרŸկ˽Լ߻ţֻҪٷ˳棬կͻɱ޹޷ʰҪִˣ϶Բ˶ߣɴñס˵˵ûҪؽ
սԵʮּͬʱҲҲҪȥ飬կѰطһǾǹŹأȥġ
߶߶˵ͣҺܿʹĻҵ˼ǲҪص˳棬ʱ϶ߵ˹ȥկƴӮˣ֪ͨص˹ȥɨβһƬӸˣʲô©֮㣬ˣҲҸϪӵ˽Ϊֵܹģٷûʲôϸս御ܷġ
ôһ˵սǿͬҵ飬һҪӱСģᰵֵկʱֻϵһõȷеϢǻὫһƬӰΧģȡκһկӳȥ


1384 궯
ս幵ͨһ֮ҲžЩģо뵽Ķ뵽ˣӦòʲô©Ǽƻܱȱ仯죬˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
һȥ·;ңԶǧ·̣һ޷ϵ糿һֱҹʱ֣ǲŵɽǣɽǱǴʡ˹ɽȲԶˡ
ԣǴڴ˵һһټ·
ɽطҲǵһǻϪӽ𣬱ڣѾǼǰˣһĿ
ϣǼ˱һʮεСùסֲ֤ͿסСùݣԱ˶Ŀй¶١
ǳԹپһʱɸ飬˵˹ɽȵʱ򣬲ܹôĿŵĽȥЩһߣ˹կˣ˵һ϶ҪǻһݽȥлأܹöԷɾ裬Ҳܹȷˡ
ǽ鿼ǵʮȫΪʲôҪһԵʣֻҪڣҸоĹǡ
ڵǱߵ飬˵ǿ԰ҩ˻ȥ취ˡ
ǲҩһ¶ôˣԾͲͷ
Ȼչ˵԰¿ѣȥ̽εģͲġ
취ܾﻹǲ̫ãǳ°һ˵Щ϶кŨɱʺݣֻһʺǣǾװ͵Էӣ˾ɱϵɱأװ㲻ᱻʶǵݡ
ǳ°ⲻЩװ͵ԷòǵطȻȻﱣ϶кܶҰޣȥ͵ԣǿ϶ϡƽ顣
Ȼֲһ䣬˵ǼǴƤߣ¶Ĵܶ࣬Ǳ˸ϳжв㡣
ϪҲ֪ôһҡ
ΪװһЩһһҪԼߵϢȫ
ڵ˺ͳ¼ҸӾô鷳ֻ軻·ͺá
ȻҪ͵Էӣǿ϶Ҫͷ͵ԵǹҪ׼ġ
Ǽڵ˾Ͱ˵ɽҲڵֻ绰һܸ͹
˿ɿ
Ǹһ˵ԿɿԵϵɽǵҲ֪ҪЩɶ
ұһϽȥ顣
һܽᣬһȱ©ȡһʧ
׵֮˸˯ȥ
Ȼ˶֮ȴɫ֪һܲܽһ˵
Ҷһֱ־η֮ģȻ֪ҪɶǸһ˳ȥ˸ƫƧĵطͣ
Ĺ˿һۣ֮󣬲ŸҵСӣ֪Ⱥ˵Ĵͷˣо仰ҿɵ˵ǰ棬һƬӣǿҪկʱ˶ҪҷԸҵĻϷɲұ֤ǵ֪
һеԸǡҿ
ͷ˵ͷֵҴǸСϸܵһĹƳڣǲһʦ
ͷһʣһ£ôܵģҪһǧóҶ֪ôĴڡ
ͷҷ㶣ᣬϷҲƣҲйƳ棬Ȼǹƣкö֮ģԴǱС֮ĹƳһֱ궯òײŰ
Ȼ˵ȷе˵λֵܲһλʦֻһҴĹƳˣơ
ͷ˵ͷ˵ֲá
ʲô¶ҪԸ𣿡ҿ
ûˣذɣȥ˵һ±ãʱߡ°
ӦһתҪߣʱ°ƺʲôͻȻڱСӣǲȥǵһЩң
⻰ʵЩĪתͷҡҡͷ˵ûС
ûоͺãԺǵЩ㾡Ҫȥ鷳°ѵ
ΪΣҺ
ûôΪʲô֪ͺá°˵ţתСݵķȥ
ôһ˵ҸоԼһͷˮԡ
Ϊʲôȥأ
һͻȻһ飬ѵΪϴŪһͷʦСԵʣ
ڣﻹһӡǣһֱ޷ĥ
һʱ򣬷ֳ°Ѿ¥ӰӶˡ
ƺҶ˵飬ȴҲ֪ΪΣܲڡ


1385 ˹ɽ
ϣǸ˯ȥ糿ʱڵǸһļһ˵һжѾ׼׵ɽڵѾҪõĶ˹
ҹȥһڵЩ˰Чȷʵһĸߣǲ׼͵õǹһЩҰĵɽ豸·Ե񣬼ӦоС
ˣ㽫Щ豸ַȥ˸Դϣϸһֻͦô¶
ǣҴһӣֱ˳ӣŴʡ˹ɽȥ
ɽŴʡܽ糿ߵӳһӱ㵽˰˹ɽĸ
ڵЩ˵һڱΪ˹Ȼﱣػʮɭϵģ˹ɽΧÿһξ룬ܿԱӰһɭ־죬ȫǹ
ͨҪͨ;ȥܣұս岦һ绰ȥǷſһڣǹҪһʱ䣬Щ鷳
ڵ˶ͼƻãѾҵһܹ͵Ǳ뵽С£ǽ˸ĴֱͣǼ˻ƤߣȻֵĴ´һСֱ˽ȥ
һӣһ˾ͼӿ˽Ų첽ȥһʼʮɽ·ܿ˵ټЩԱȳСԽ룬ԽǸоֻ̣ܲԵԼٳһ·ߡ
һٶȻͿ첻˶١
ΪһʼʱǾ֪գС
°ȴǣǰʮ·̣ǹկأֻ߽˰˹ɽȶûеԣЩطϰȫᱻկ˶ֽţΣյʱ֪ͨǣС
ˣҲģҷɾ衣
һ·طҰҲȷʵ٣н˿СèҰţ̡ҰǻһͷƱд󣬲ôˣϻżһЩ͵ҰҲҿǡ
طǵߵãǲӱЩ;ˡ
ԽߣطҰҲԽ࣬ЩҰĵӺܴ󣬼ǿҲô£ʱ򻹺ĴЩࡣ
Ǵ˵еĴèǵûпһＴҲʮֺİɡ
˺üСʱ֪ͺ
ߵһɽ´ʱ°㲻ǰˣ˵ǰ߼ǹկ˾ĵطʱʮգ˹կЩ֮⣬Χǹƶʤǵ֮ٹȥʲôҪ鷳ôˣһҲչ˲
֮ǰұӦ˳°ߵ⸽һжԸǱһڣЩ˶ͣסˡ
Ĵ߶ʱɽ´ԷһɽܹЩǵطЪš
һҲʡĴˣȫתƵɽ֮УóһЩʳ׼˵ȵʱڼǰС
óЩʳ¼ҸƺԲ̫ϰߣ°ԸӳһӾͳȥһˣСʱĹ򣬳徹Ȼһͷ͹ԹԵĸ˳ǱֽţǱ˹ƣҪȻҲô
彫ɽ֮УƺҪ˱һֶƵģ˵ĸǵһϾпˡ
˵ţ㽫˳ȥòԶһСϪֱӽˣƤɽһֱӼͿ
忾һ֣ϻ˸ֵϣͣĳͿĨĹһҰеζƮɢ˳ʳָ󶯡
ö˭˵ϳЩ䷹׷״ſ硣
Ǳ߳ԱģҲ֣ǳԺȵʱڵֲûйȫǹڶڷڣʮ־裬һԣҲң˵ķԸҵ
ȻǲǼҲûֱӴһǬ˱ó˼ƿþƣһԺȵĲֺ
ǳԺȵĲʱͻȻһĺһʲôˣģϽҪȻҿɿǹˣ
һһȫһеĳʳһԣչʶľͽַ˰㽫Ļ𾫳
Ҹ˰˰֣ʾⲻҪҪڵݣһȺ͵ߡ
ҿһֻҹʮһӣʱ䣬ʲô˻ɽҰ֮أ


1386 һ䱣Ļ
᲻ǹկ˷ǣֱ
ԺĵһͷҲġ
£һ˻֣ʾ˿ģҴһһǹ߳˶⣬һȫеǹ׼һ˳ǿȥķһۣͿŲæĳ
ǻжʮ׵ʱһ˱Ц˵λֵܣţûж⣬עеǹǧ˻𡭡
˵У˾͵ǰҶһһ˻ˡ
Щ·ʱ򣬽ŲƮƮģϹĹңһżһ
˱ȻߣΪͣһָĪ֮С
һұϵϢ˿̸о͸ͨ죬Ҳеǹ׼ˣŵ˵ǸɶģӰɣ
λֵܷģǲʲôӣֻԶŵľζĲУֿڷԣλģҲ׳ԣ϶Ǯġ
˵ţЦеĳ˹⼸еǹƺһҲη壬ĸûзɾ裬ǹ
˿ʮͷǰɫĶҲһ׿ӣǻһƲӣһɧĲУĽҰ⣬·ѵСǳװȵĲɣ
þִһ׵ˣӰҼǵõСҲô硣
ûаǹƺЩãôǲӭ
Ҫ˵ʱ򣬵ɽ֮д췹ԵģȻ˾Ե֣ǽɡ
ˣĸ˶еǹ˴ֵľ߽ɽ֮Уһһۣ۾һУâ¶һ±㿴Щ·򵥣˼Ҫɱڡ
ҡҡͷɫ߽ɽ֮Уһڡ
ղǸһɽĦ˫˵ѽ򿾵治ﻹжأŵ⿾ζʵǲĲУλ壬ܷͿڷԣ
ղ߰˸˳˴ֻ򣬻Сֻ򻹹⽹ۣð͡
΢΢һЦŵĶǿͣλؿͺá
˵һлҲ治ֱǿԱߣֱ˺⣬ڵĳһ߳һ߻޲ڡ
ʱ򣬵ϻżƿûбǺȹľƣֱӾڱǰ˼£ٺһЦ˵ҲҺλͦܡ
˵ţͺһھƣסĵͷ˵þƺþƣ
ɽ˽Ŀⶼңһ±ƣ˼һǸʲôġ
֪Ǹʲôģͻأľðļһ
˳Եĺ㣬һ㣬ĹСֻԵҲͲˡ
˴һ־˲죬ֲ˲֣ſ˳°΢Ц˵λ壬ɽǲ٣ûҵʲôƤӣ
°һ̣ĵ˵ûţ֪λɶģ
Ц˵ɶطиկӣѣҹ·в㣬ҸطЪЪţû뵽λѣһһᡭ
˵ţ˳һ֡
˻һڣһǰֻһկӣǱǹկҲ˵ȥկģկﾹȻǵѣ˵Ҳʲôö
˸ǹկˣ˵ĺ
ڣʱ˶ϵϢûзǶߣǽǵһ͵Էӡ
°ĻҲһ£ûбֵ̫ԣ󵭵˵Ҳǳէ˵вٺƤӣû˵ﻹկӣǸսʱ濴˼Сկӡ
˿˳°һۣɫһ࣬پƷҲ׳ǵģһ䱣ĻɣǰǾͲҪȥˣ⸽תתͺãҪȻôĶ֪
°װɵ㶣˵ѵǰﻹʲô޲ɣҲΪ壬Ͽɶżһء
ЩƤЦⲻЦһȻֵڴˣǵ飬Ҿ͹ܲˡ
˵ţһһ·۵ĲУ˯ˣλԱ㡭
һ˵ţ˾ȥ۾Ĺ˵ϣҲ۾ʼС


1387 
ʼգ˵ĵȺ˶±Ƶġ
֪ǴҲ֪ʲôˡ
ĿǰȷǣǶǺߣҪȥĵطһǱǹկ
ղǸ˵ǹկѣȥǸġ
˵Ǻпܾǵˡ
Ҳ˵˵ĸʵûһİ˾ӣʲô˵Ҳûб¶ݡ
ڵǶصĺܺãǲûзǵݣǴһʼǾˣ˶ϵϢǲĹ۲ǣ㲻ᷢǵĶߡ
ö˶˵ģͻȻˣ˲ⶼС붨֮Ǳһ仰û˵˴ʹ˸ɫ͵ʲô鶼ûзҵطЪ
ˣҲ˯̫ʱ̷⼸˵һһڵ˸ٴһ㣬һϾվڷڡ
⼸һûжһ£ֻ˷˯
һֱҹʱ˲һ仰û˵뿪
֮ǲŸоһԷ
ȱ˵⼸Ǹİġ
ǿ϶ǹεģ˵ΪǿˣΪСڲ֮䣬Ȼߣ϶֪طǹկأҪôǸǶһĿģҹկ鷳ģҪôǹկѣǾǵĵˡɵ
ϣҹկ鷳ģ˵ĵ˾ǵѣʱ˵ܺһ¡һ
أǸǻǻ㲻¡չҲ˵
°ɫ粻ô̹ӣ˵λʱˣҲöˣǰʮ·Ǿȣǽų̿Ļһܵǹկھ֮УմʮһٲһƣҸҵǱ·ʵˣʲôҪҴ˵ҪĶկеĶǺЩϷҲûжİܽ⡣
Ӧһ׷׳ǡ
˸ʰһ΢˵·
糿ߵӳǷһСɽ߹һƬӣڼ˲ҰھŵӵʱһɽڿҰĴè
ⶫ԰ĴèЩ̫һҰĴèʮͶһôϳҶӣģɫ·̫ˣоһƵġ
˶ʮϡ棬ϾǹƬ̣żǰ·
ǰһ·ʱͻȻ䷢һʼδ顣
顱һ죬ɽȡ
ԭС·ˣűǹŵˣ׷ͣ˽ŲŵĳĴ
ǻعʱ򣬽Ǽǹ죬ӲԶĵط˹Ƭ֮һĲҽȻû
ǹʱʶĶ˸طΣֱʱ򣬻вŵҿô֣Ȼǲ˰ɣ
е˼ǣȺ͵Եˣ͵Եˣǹõ֤
ڱߣҪҪȥһ˵
ҿ˳°⣬˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
Ǻһȫèèһɽ֮ٵĴʮ֮Ǹǹĵط
ԶԶģǾͿ˴ĺӣ߰˸˸ΧϻѪģʬ壬ѪʣǸûãʬܱߣɢżǹ
һЩˣǱ㽫θ͵͵ĳЩ˿ȥ
ҶһЩ˴ŵĺɫߵ·ͷͷ絶һĿʮ׺ݣűΧмЩ˺ʲô
м䱻Χŵ߰˸ȫ˵ϣŴ綼һ㣬Щ˹͵ߡ
Եĳ°һЩˣСĶ˵Щ˾ǹկģҰ˵Ǿװ
һû뵽Ÿո̤ȵıԵشô˹կˡ
Ÿôʱ򣬵Ǳ˶
Щ͵ƺΪЩկˣ֪ղʲôֶΣЩ͵߸סģկĺӽֱ͵߸˳͵˫ֱͷߵǰһյϡ
կĺ˵˼仰ӦկеģҲ˾͹Цֱ͵ߵһЩ͵߶ʱͷ˿񣬳ŶԷ˹ȥ


1388 
Ҳ֪կĺӳ͵ߵʲô͵߶ʱޱȿ꣬Ƿ˷һ㣬˻űһ𣬷˵ϡ
˶ʱŤһ𣬵ǵϸȥʱǲǴ򣬶Ǳһҧһҧһ˵Ķ䣬һҧһϵһ⡣
ⳡʮѪȣĹ򣬵ϱѪ죬ЩկĺЦǵϻɱ¾˲һǶһĹ
ҲܽܵǣȺկ˵Угӣһһ߰ĺͯЩһЦЦʮַϰΪĸоȻСֳǾġ
ҧˣûͣ˼˴ҧĶԷҲ̶ãԶԶģƺһ˵¶˰׻Ĺͷ
ЩѵһԶû
Ƭ֮һ˵ĲӱҧˣϵѪڵҲûһʤˣҲѪһƬûиģˡ
Ǹûбҧ˸ովһկĺӾ;һȥǸѪԴշ𣬹䵽һԣһǻѪĴɽûԴʬֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
Щס͵ߣѪȲ̵һĻ׷׷˿־ľ
ǿҲɵúĳ
꣬ȻҲɱˣǴûù̵ֲķʽȻҪֱӸһʹĵˣȺկ˻ĶȤζ
ȻһŪˣЩկƺ֣ͣţִЩ͵ŵսս͵ߣǰһ㣬ǳһЩ
֮䣬͵ٴη裬ҧһ
ʣµǼ͵߹ƾԼ϶ҲԼͬһһƵ³ͻȻ䣬Ⱥбһ˴ֵǣǲܵȺƴˣ
һ䣬һ˾һԵһկ˹ȥǹկ˶ʱķŭߴĴһͨһ˦֣֪ǸһЩʲô
Ǹ˸ûбǸկߣ㷢һЪ˹ĲҽС
еԵ˵ϣ˫סһ߲ҽУһ߳ԼϺӣԼԼץһϡãԾûͣ˼
⼸ҲӦ˹׷׾ԵЩկƴֻЩͨθЩկùƸء
Щ˷ֱЩկøֲֶֿθŵ˵ϡ
ЩկӸûôֻǼ򵥵ļųһЩƻ߶棬Щ˱ûм֮һڵϣɱһĲҺ
һз̫ˣӵĹ⾰Щ͵߱˴룬û˻ʹڵϷ
կЩȴ˼һĻ˳ĴЦ֮űԽʹൽ˼㣬ǾЦӵĿġ
үģЩ͵߹ȻɺޣȴҲԵŰɱɣܲˣҪȻǳȥЩȫŪҲζչŭĿӣ۾ˡ
Ļһ䣬ͻȻиŮ˷һУһկ˴ӽ˳ȻĲҲĲ࣬ǸŮβ裬һ£̫Ŀ
Ůһ֣ЩկӶʱΧ
һ죬Ů˵ĳ±㱻˺һӣǼկĺӿʼȥ˺Ů˵·һկļһﾹȻѾʼѿˡ
үģǻһСء
ֵܼסˣҲóȻжǿһ°
°ɫҲկԲбû뵽ȻԣһﶯְɣҪûԸǴ·
°һ䣬ͰͲס˶ʱɢܵ˹ȥǰ·ֱӽЩկļ˵ȥ·ˡ
ЩԵļһ˵ŭҲһζ
ҵʩչٰ˲ֶΣӵΧһ·̣ȻͻȻ˳Уʩչٰ˲ֶγЩկ˿
ҽʹ֮󣬿ܲĞųЩկ˲˾
һ˴һһȥ㽫ΨһҴŮ˸ͱһһ˦֣һźɫķĩ
źɫķĩƮɢһɴ̱ǵζ֪ǹƣçײӭȥʹٰ˲һԣһеϽ𲧴б˳ײǸƶĺԴϡ


1389 ƽ
ȻЩկ˸ȫŭˣһѾŭ˼㣬ԣһ޲Ϊ
ҸոնܿǹկӵĹƶʱ򣬻еϽ𲧾ͷ˳ôϮҵǸկĺӵԴϣá顱һ죬ǺӵԴʱͱһѪԽӶ˳İ׵һأ߶ûһ㵹˵ϣɥ
ԭʮŵЩկˣһһͬ飬ͻȻɫ䣬һĴţ˵ԼĹҷһҲû
ͬʱһ˻ǱͱһŮ˴ӵõŮ˵ĲϣƺҪвǡ
ţһ棬Щկ˾ͽǸЩ͵ߵһġ
ʮˣҶһһĸ֣ԷһˣղŻɱһڻʣˣлһ߰СȻûɶµġ
Ҹ˻˻֣ʾⲻҪҪЮǸŮ˻ûеľȡ
ղţ˱˷Ⱥ˸ΧҪǲܵˣøЩկ˺ú档
ɱɱʹ죬ݽһ㣬Ǿǳֱֵĸо
Ҫ֪ϻǲˡ
կŹˣΪûβǵˣ
Ц
կһôˣ׷׶˷һûѹߵϢǲſǸղŵȺ͵ߣȫһ·ġ
ʱȺկ˵վһ׺ݣ絶ָǣ˵һͨЩΡ
ΪȺ˵û˵ʲôû뵽Ķӳվ˳˵һ˵ҪһһĹƽǹկĹҪǲĻҲԣɱǸŮˣȻʰǡ
ôĿ
¶ͦ˼ҿһֻǳ˵û˵ʲô
С¶һȨģվһ۵ֵǣҪȻǸЩկ棿ûǵʵҪկһսǻкô
ߵȻûɶڵ˸ûȫҵɫ¡
վ˳˵֣˵˵˭Ҹҳһս
Ӧһùկ˹ͨһ£Ƭ֮󣬱һկĺվ˳絶˼ҪҸһܡ
ҽ˳Ǻİ˰֣ʾϡ
ǹկĺӹһЦ߽˼һ֣ϲ֪ʲôͳ˹
һɴ̱ǵζӭţǹկĺҲź
վԭһûһ֣һշ䣬ϵҵǰȻ󼤷еĽ꣬һл㾦ʹ˳һ֮ǽ֮϶ʱһɫĹǹկĺӶȥ
ǹկĺӻھ絶ɵǰ壬ΪƾǺɫ۾Ҫҵ
ֻϧ̫͹ҵʵˣһɫĹѸһӽ籡ҿǹկĺһĨ֣ʶţûжȥǵɫĹֱӴضؿڴһҲ˳ȥĲˡ
һбֱǾɱ
߶ʱһ֮ڵǼһﶼСһŰƣһߴүţȣүԵ
կʣµǼһʱɫ䣬ղŵſһɨգľ
ʶȺǶôˡ
ھ鷭תղèϷŪЩһ͵ߣȴ󣬶ȴè
죬Ҫģˮתֻû뵽ᷭתô졣
߸˽꣬ºžվ˳ùЩկ˵һͨܿ죬Ǳվһˣʮֵľ裬˫絶ǰ˼
ǰҲ˼һ֣˵λֵܣһ¹կֶΡ
˼óվҵǰ棬ΪĶӣùƵֶȻͬһ㣬ҲʶʶֶΡ
һǰһƣԷկĺӴһһ֣ųһٵľͳų˹
ҶһǹկĺӷųĶȻһ˶ޱȵ򼣬ȫڣһڵϣϵĻĲݶʱͱĿήȥ䶾Կɼһߡ


1390 ľ
жʮôĸ㣬ԴдĴָСٶʮֿ죬һ·ʱ򣬻ˡOO@@죬ϵĻĲݿٵĿήȥ
Ȼ俴ȶҲһҿǴ˵еĹƳ
ʶģұٴ˺˼˳°֮⣬˶ɫ
ºȴĺܣվһۿ޴ҪµߵʱͻȻٵһ֣˦ȥһܿ˵ϣûҿʲôʱײһ𣬻ҧ
ʱҲʱϸº˦ȥĹƳ澹ȻһȫĶЫӣβǯӸ߸߾һ¾ǴϣǴŤ£ӽǶЫӸƬ֮ǶЫӾȻſ˿һҧסǴԴǲǲľ׽û׹ʲôսѾˣºĶЫֱӽǴ˸УһҲûʣ¡
ƳöһȻҪĽֻʣһ
Ƴ֮ҪĸǾɸĹƳ߶ܶϼӶ
կǸӼԼƵĹƳ汻ô׾ٵľˣʱЩЩʹļף˵ֱӾе絶ͳų˹廹վһֻ̧ͷǹկĺӿһۣո쿪ʤЫӶʱһԾ𣬳ǹկĺ˹ȥ
ǹկĺһźЫӿȥǲûпУǺЫһǹկӵϡĿ֮£ǺЫһڹկǸӵϵʱӶûǹկĺӾͻһͱ˳ɫˮһ㣬Ȼֱͦͦľ͵ȥ
ЫӲνǼѪȥǹկĺӾͱĶˡ
һĻ⼸˶ŵЩľ
꣬ƶֲ̫֮ˣֲµ߶̸ɫ䣬˷ʤ
ţȵߣһֹƳҧһڣҲס
Ŀɿڴ֮ʱǸկĺӣ΢΢ſ˳ֻЫӣǺЫӽĻζ˼βͣȻٵĳų˹˳ųĿһֱĴ
ǰǺЫӵԴȻһ֣ǺЫӱ㲻֪صʲôط
תۼĹ򣬶ԷˣʣޱȲҵɥ
ǱĸӾ񶼿ʼľǵ񣬸Щ͵ߵĿһ޶
ĿҪġ
˵еĹկһͬħĴڣҿҲˡ
ǵﵽһĸ߶ȣǰߣַӾܱ
ֵʤʿ
ʱһͻȻվ˳˵´磬կ˵˵ҲһǵֶΡ
΢΢һЦվկʣµù˵һͨʣµկĺӣ϶ֳɫǱ˴֮˵ЩʲôҲûܿһվ˳
һվ˳УֶԷկǸҲͬûκ
ԷǸկĺӣܸоƺǰǿ࣬ϵɱŨ
һߴ˵һͨһֱۣ϶Ҳûͷİ˰֣˵ˣϽְɣǶæ
ǹկĺɫһǳؿ˼£ֳԼϴƣֶ˼򲻹ҪŰ
ǿ϶ҲŹġ
Ȼϵǣ˼֮ıǿͻȻ¶ضĴıǿ˳
ǶóһصʱҲſķ꣬ǿľȻ̴̵ĶߣЩҶ࣬ɫҶޣԴΡ
߿ҪȫʱǺһֱ֣ӽ߶ǿ˳Ȼһ˦֣ͽ߳һ˦˹ȥ
ǹģ棬߾Ǻӵʲôλţôܴӱǿأ
߻Ӳմ棬һͳһȥжɢһҵĶԡ
ۿ߷߾ҪһϵʱȻ䣬һͻȻɳһֳӣཱུ֣ģϻĳ򣬷˵죬ֻС۾֥ԴһЩʮ־۹⣬Ʈһǰ档
ֳһɳ߶ʱ˵ϣٴһ㣬ӿٵһ𣬸߸ߵԴĿֳӡ
ֳһһȦһϲһ£ȻȻ䳯߷˹ȥ


1391 
һƮֳǧƣ֮ǧơ
ֳһԴһһеûж֣ס̵ĶߣҵĸоǣǸоֳϵĿֲϢŵĲҶˡ
ֳӴһʱƺߣͷʱ򣬵°Ӷɫһ˼ģ۾ֱĿǧƣӲ˳
°ڼӶ΢΢ķȴҲ֪Ϊʲôı֡
Ƭ֮ǧƱڵϵĶߡ
ǧһʱͬʱһԴһҶǧƺܿߵϣǵѵˮһͣƬ̣ܿٴǷųߵĹկĺӵȥ
ǧƷǺӵͬʱ˼һĻˣǧһµߣ̼ӣͬʱɥȻۿɼٶȸã̱ŧѪ̡ð˰̡
ųߵĹկĺӻܵĪľţҽһͷܣߵǣٶȸ޷ǧȣ֮䣬ǧƾ֮УǺӵ˵˵ϣգۼȻð˺ܶݣǸ˺ܶʬ壬ЩһıѿɫŧѪŽһӵʱ䲻ʬͻһɫŨͷӶûʣ¡
ҵĸţ
⵽ʲô
ڳˣһһֲĳ޲һ
һˣգۼĹͳģһ£ǧԸԼ˭мܵס
˾δŵĲɫʱ򣬴֮̽Уǳշʵǧַų˵ĳ߷˹
ƺЩ˼ǧһʼûֱһǳڵ˷˹ȥŵһﵱȶˣƵĿһһүǲôġϽλүүɻȥɣŵĶˡ
ǧ߷һȦȻֵת˷򣬳ŻкͰչ˹ȥ
һѵӣʱҲסˣһһס˰չӣһүϽİŪߣ꣬ˡ
һٺһЦһָǧƱ㳯˹ȥΧһתһȦ֮ҷֳһ³һľջ˹ȥգۼĹͲˡ
һɫ䣬˫ȼнֶֻסƨɣǱ˺üֻӬһ㣬ĳӣΪɶҪߺţҲ㡭
ȥǧƻһֻϲĹƳ棬ȻԼ˶ŹһӦͦ۵ģǹƳְһ¾ͱһСӵľջ
СǸ龫ֵļһɰ֮£ȴһħһĴڣɱ˵ַ̫ôˡ
ԷˣһĸʣһһСկˡ
ǵСĻ˵񲢲̫־ǣǸڼһǧƳֵʱ򣬶ʱͱȥһ¶е絶ǵǰϵĿͷһ߿ͷﻹߴ˵ʲôһѱһѵģӿǿĺš
ҿǼһһʻڷ㶵ĳ֣С˵ɶ
һջĿ⣬ЩδǹڵϵĹկĺӿһۣƬ֮󣬲ŵǲҪɱֻҪɱʲôУ˵˵˴ʦ֮Ĺ񡭡
һûǹƳɳһȦͳɹˣ
δ⵱Ҳ̫һЩ
ҴӸղǼһ˵ĻʮҪһ˵һǳկĴʦ֮⣬ĹҲ˵һǵĴʦǹկĴʦǻϪӡ
һ£û룬ǳڵǼʹһɫǽһһСկļһˡ
ò֪ôկϤ·˴ȥһ·ȥҪ࣬벻һһ·ϵĻƳ˵ˣկʮһٲһƣ;ˡ
ڵֶʮƬ̵Ĺ㽫һһСկ˸廨
ʱҲһ飬ǺиʣǱͱһǸŮˣ⿴֮䶷ˣȻǸŮ˸Եˡ
ʱѾǰȥǸŮ˿һۣҡҡͷ˵˾Ȳˣղһϣʣһˡ


1392 񶾵
Ŵԣæ첽ǰյǸŮǰѾ˿ﲻϵѪĭӣûɶͷˡ
ǸһᴩˣղҲûĸ˵µ֣ôݡ
ǸֵļһѾǸɱ˰ɡ
Ů˿ᣬʮ겻ӣĻƤҲܺãҸоӦǸ˾İ죬û¶Ҵ̼ģС̵Ĺطϧ
ҿʱҲңѵ֣ʲôֽ˹ŵһǮ
ǮһݵҵŮ˵һžͱ۾̽һǳ׶ˡ
û취ѾˣǸղڵһʱͽ£ҲܻطǻĽҰ룬޷͵ҽԺ˵࣬ôҲˡ
ҿŮ˸оϧʱͻȻ;һ˫񶾵ɨһ̧ͷȥָղſҵľǸ߰СҲǹկеһԱ
ԹĿһСӵбֳҸоһɶ񺮣͵СӦôѧУ¶δ֪ͣѾھѪϴ
ҿҲңĿãӦǺҵģˣɱôͬͳ
ڴʱڵͻȻһƾͳС˦˹ȥСϳָӡСȺӣٵһԣŲүӸٳ
СǲˣǵСҲǸ첻ߣˣСӾôǷʰҴ㣡
˵ţҪСӴȥȴһץסĸ첲˵ˣһСƨʲô
ͷһңЦ˵үɱСӵСƨǹկˣأղŶɱǼ˵ʱҲˣ༸˸ݣҿǶ
ôҸղŲûע⵽ôһ˵վûִһѣ䵽һվȥ⺢ӵ˫ҲסˣǲŪʲô۶ӳ
߸ʰ꣬ͻȻߵһߣһ֮ǰģʮֿ˵λܼС磬ز¶ϾȻһĹƳ棬ֻǸղϷ׾ûϳǹƳĵʲôƣܹ֪һ
һЦ˵ҲʲôĹƳ棬ֳ˵Ǽ洫ģҲ֪ôһģ壬治Ǹʲô治֪ҵҲ֪
һ˵ϣɵţһ˵Ҳټ׷ˣֻǸղϵľһֱϣȻҲǱһϵǧƸˡ
ΪڱʱҼʶǧƵֶΣԲһæǧСԸʮֶĸ֣϶ǲУΪһĵҲʣʮ֮һٹ⣬ǶԸկЩͨĽɫӦô´࣬ҪǧڣֹܹƳ棬Ͼ˼֮ȻвڣڣɶƣҲøӲǣ
ʲʲôҲûмһ⣬ֻɫЩ粻
ʱ򣬰չĴһۣ˵СŸ磬Щʬզ
˼Ƭ̣˳°ѯʵЩ˵ʬҪȻ˰ɣ˵йկײˣ¶в㣬й¶ǵ١
°Щ겻ĵ˵ͷұԸڵ˽еʬ嶼£һȻչֱӼ˻𾫳һŴһ籡ֱӽһʬȼˣյž죬ܿͻһŻҽһĴƮɢӰ١
Щǹ֧ҩԼ߾һټû¡
óǹկΨһҴĺ˵˼䣬˼Ǵ·ҪȥկһʼǼһﲻϣ˵ʦҪ֪ȥկһСҪȥƣĺܲҡ
㲻ֱһȥ˵Ǽһһһʱ͸˹һûæ˵ȥֻҪһɶС
ЩկµĻһϵǧƣֻǲ֪ǧܲʰ˻ϪǸš
æһͨȥ˲ʱ䣬Ѿʱˡ
һѺһһСկ˼ǰ·
ǰɽ·Ǳ㵽һܴӵУȫǲĹֻ쳣İʲôǹկ˸ǣƬӣڰ֮ǰǾܵկ


1393 һ
ǰ⴦˲ӣǹկһϡ
ʮȫ˸ֶ͹ƣǳ°˵ʮһٲһƣ߽ͨƬӣ߲˼ᶾôĶ֪
ýŷɥĹկƬïܵĴ֮УһƬûб֮Ⱦָĵطȴޱߵʹֲ
ԭǻͷôկһ·СȥôһƬӣҲһߵ˵಻Ҫ
ںˣ˹կˣһһСڣܸǴ·ʡ಻Ҫ鷳
һһСկˣڵǰѺŴ·¼Ҹм䶢ţǼһߣǰ˻ǰȥ
ǼһȫΣϵǸֹƳʵկ˶ʰķΪ
һ߽Ƭïܵ˻ǾýŵĲУҪΪĸĵﴦΣвͻᶪ
ǰկ˴£׶ûʲô鷳ǸկĺӣΪǱһǧƳ׵˵ֻܹԹԵǰ·
ЩǣԴһƬӣǧƱһεķϵ֮ط裬꣬ⶫ̫ˣŵһԴҴϢ
ЩƵĶһһѾܲܽСƳôȥ˵ġ
ȻһҲʾε˵û취ƳʱҲ̫ҵģʹЩϣ̫үһͶָʹģλҲõģûж⣬ֻǶأ֮ԳΪղ̫˷ˣܵƶϢĴĹƳ棬ЩĶΪЩƳϵĶصģԴ˿ӵС
˵ţֳֻӱ߷˳ȥתһ㽫һ߲ʻ߸ǻߵԴ϶һڣֱӳ˦˹
ǻ˵ϣܿð˰̣һ̯ŧѪ
ôƨһĹƳ棬ȻܽôĶ߸Ѿ˷˼ˣ⻨ߵĶӦҲʮңֻǧ΢һڣ㵱ɥȷʵ˵ġ
ܲĴĹƺͶǧƵ˵ǶҪĶǶǧ˵ȴζĴ͡
Ҷǧʮֺ棬˺棬һС˵ǧƵ飬ղһûи˵ʵһֱʵǧƵ˽Ҳ٣ղŸ˵ǰһ֪
˵ǧƵʮִ棬үҲүĴʦ֣Ͻ֮أһկãǧȻǣܹʶСʮִҹϵʮ͸֪ø˭׽֪ĸǶǲĵˡ
ֻϧΪ֮һټʮǰܵشһıֻʮ֮һǧȫʢʱڣһССĹկȫԺֱײù˼ʲô
ֵط˵ǧȻƣطĸֹƺͶܹǧƣָкܴİ
˵ǧѾΧһƬĹƺͶȫɾˣζཱུСӾͳ߷˹ֽǧƽһͿ䣬Сֳʮֵ⣬һȦ衣
ûǣǧͻȻֳҷ˹һֱǰζų죬һ˫֥С۾Ķңҡͷԣƺʮֺ档
ҶһȻĿ־壬һҾͻǸկ²ģ
һŪߣǧͻȻҵϣģ滹и㣬صŵҲûȥ
һæ˹ǧƴЦŸ˵СŸ磬ǧ˵죬ʶ㣬һˣԲŻô׽
Ҳܲ׽үһүʦֵܣү϶ǧƣҸү߰˷ƣС϶ǽҵү
뵽Ҵһнӹǧƣһûе⣬ӽҲ
֪кü·ͻȻŵһ̱ǵζǰ˹


1394 
ֻŸһˣҲ֪ʲôҸоӴ̱ǵζʱȻ̧ͷ
ʱǰĳ¼Ҹһ֣ȫͣ˽Ų
ãǰо綾ڹ࣬ɥͻȻ
Ŵԣ˶ͣ˽ŲһĽš
æǰǸկķ²йͨƬ֮Ÿ˵λõģղկļһ˵һֱУǹկһϣƽʱǳ룬ÿ϶һַҩۣĨڱ棬ɰȫͨ
ȻˣǱ㲻õˣǹկĺһܿóһҩҳóһƵСƿӣ浹һЩҩۣĨǹկĺӱ棬ûʲôӦŽҩ۸˷ַÿ˶ڱͿĨһ
˵Ҳ֣һڶ곱ʪȴȴ֮У⴨ʡأҸչ껹ûãҲǶȣôͻأ
ƣǹկԼŪֶΣаҲö֪
˽ҩ۸ͿĨԼӵµʱ򣬾ڵֵ˵Сӣүź㣬ʵûУٵң潫Ӹٳ
һֱ˳ǸկСӣԶ֣ǺӱͿĨҩۡ
ֻ֣ûǱȥ˶æԼͿĨҩۡ
ڴʱͻȻһҺһ׷̧ͷķȥһҲݣСӣôҧҡ
˵仰ͬʱǹկСѾתͷΪŨĵط˳ȥȥһ̣ҷһֻϵӴˣܵĺܿ죬һգ۵ĹŨİɫ֮УǺӾȻˣ붼û룬ֱӾ׷ȥ
ͬʱͳ°ӶҲǺ׷ȥ
¶ɷͬСɣһ⺢ܵ˹կУǵٱᱩ¶ţ͵ϮկǾ죬ԣǺӱҪץ
ǺһܣկǸҲЩʱһѹסԽĲϣʵһǺӲŲ
ǸûԤϵǣֻ׷ȥͻȻԤ׵ġͨһԵ˵ϡ
ãϸжˣ
չһһкǧƣǧƶʱһ׹⣬֮УҪڵĹƶɵܹȻ
Ǽ˷׷״ǰȥһ˹
ʱЩı飬ͷ˳۾ɵĺܴ۽кںɫѪʳжĵطǱ߰Сҧĵطֱһӡ෢ϣֱ۶ϺɫǸСȻƶ档
ô˷ʤ
ǧһȦܿͷ˳ԭıֱָҲٸˣǲûнȻ
һǺĶҺ̫ˣѪûоεĻᡣչЩ߷Ȼ˵
ڵһˣʱŭڣ۾ˣһŭկ˾ȻɱѪծѪС˵
˵ţһ˵Ψһķ²ԴϿȥһٰ˲ߣϴ侲Ǿôһ·ˣ㽫ɱˣôȥկ
һǰΣصĴϢţҧгݵǡɱ
ģҹկѰģĳǿ϶ᱨʮٱĳɫ
һ̾Ϣһջǽ
ǳ¼Ҹȥ׷ǹկСˣվﲢΨһľǾĵȺ
°ղǸСӲ߰ĴСҶǸӶ˻ʮĵģկСӶʰˣôԵĳƺ
Щ㷲ĵȺԼĪ˲аСʱĹ⾰ӷ֮дһŲ⶯׷׳ǽŲĵطȥͬʱҲ˳
֮䣬Ũ֮гһϤӰǰǳ°ų壬Ǹ廨Ĺկĺӡ
°һЩҿ忴ЩǱϵļ·ˡ
˸һһͳȥǺӴӳ˹
˭ҲңҽСӲɡһɱ֣࣬ʱͰѳֲסˡ


1395 Ǳկ
˵ʵһ֣Ҿûš
һʼһֻһӣ߰Сڸ棬һֱĴ֮ģȫԵһ飬ӲͨСǹկˣСȴɱ˲գۡ
ղ˵Сһʮ̵ֲֶɱһ͵ߣһ̫ţˣջУһӣ˼˴űǺ󻼣ֱӸɱˡ
룬Ҳûб̬Ȼͬһ
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣһҪֵʱǸկĺͻȻųһײ˹ȥǸӵǰ棬ߴ˵һͨʮּеģ
Ƕֻг¼ҸӶǵԡ
һʹŭǹկĺӷϻһѽƿҪٴνǺӿɱ
ˣ
һֹһ˲ң°ץסһӣͻȻ˵⺢ӻɱдá
һһ£еûȥҲһãȻӡ
æǽ͵ղկĺ˵ӵݺܲ򵥣ǹկʦӣҲǻϪӵӣǲҪ֣ǱǸɱˣʦ϶Ҫš
һĺϢû뵽ײһץסһСӾȻǻϪӵӡ
˵⺢ӿ治ɱɱ˹ֿϧģȫСҪЮϪӣؼʱ̻ܱá
һ֪еϵǷ߷ߵĳСӵ˦ƣԴйߡ
СеԹ֮ɫ˵һͨһҲǸˡ
ССͱ˺ǵˣǻ˵ã
СӵУһ㱿ԬСӵģһѱ
ϴΣҲ֪СѵһΣǽĸʵһЩ
æһ֮Ҳſ˳壬ʵôôʱŻСӻͦܰ
ˣ˰֣Щܻ˵СӽǴһ߿棬ǵطȫǾ綾Ķߣסǵȥ·ҺҰˣ˺һ򣬲ŽЩȫŪŽСָץ˻
ԭôһ¶СӵĻ龢ٴҹĿ࿴Ǵʦӣ¼ҸӴ˹
£ǵһһʬЩ֮ĸͦ˼뽫ʬȥܾڻĽҰ⣬ڵҲǲܱһʬȥկ
󣬰չ⣬˵ǽʬֱӻ𻯣ǻҴȥ
ĿǰҲֻˣչֱ˴һʬˣǶ·ǹǻһ˱·
һǧڣĲõĹƶͬ裬СһĴ裬Щƶһһƽ⣬һ·֮ϵҲ̫ƽԱ
ֻǻûеկһˣ¶ͷһġ
·ΪǻϪӵӵһʱ䣬կʱɫѾȫ
կΣأĴǹƶûܹ߽կ˶ʮַģկΧûⰲվڷڣҲ̫һЩ
Ⱥ˱㰲ȫִկӵΧ
ȫһĲݴ֮УǸկȥ
կһƬɽ֮䣬¥߸йǵ¥͸˳һߣկ˵Ҳٻ˼ңཫһǧˡ
կӣӦǺܴĹģˡ
Ϊ˲Ǻӷһֱýˣǹկĺӣһֱг¼Ҹӿţһվһ࣬Ρ
˹կıϣһʮҪ黹Ҫȴϡ
ǾǸζֵ⡣
ǾһԵĳȥؽΧ֮У˵þҪȫûڴˣկɲǱĵط˶ƣСùɱˣ˷ʤ
һ仰ǶԵģǾܹȽǻϪӸɱˣ׺ܶࡣ
ǣһиǱկ֮УӽǻϪӸȻ˽ǻϪӸΧסȺ֮ƾôֵʵԸǻϪӦòʲô⡣
˭ȥϪҪú˵˵
¶Ϊգһ¶ٲ֮أ˵ֱӾͱϪӸɱˡ
ڵ˲ȥ֮⣬˶ȥԡ
ҵϣ¶ԳУΪҶٰ˲ֶΣƮ鲻ɣӳҲȽס


1396 Ƽ
¶˴źܴ飬Ǹһ켣ļֵǣúܴףҪǵҵİΣΧ֮У޷ѣи˸һ飬ҲܻиӦ
ΪˣǼ˶˵Ҫһȥϵ
ִ˵飬˵һﲻҪˣһȥãһĿСһЩױ֣ߣһˣǳ⣬˺һ˵࣬ôӲһܱ˶ǿĶ࣬Ҫء
˻һ˶ĬɫⶼЩ
ҺٺһЦ˵Ƕ˵䲻ţȵĻǵּУҵֿ϶õģҲٰ˲ֶΣӵıӶ죬ץסҲףôˣžͺãȥȥͻء
СţɵСһЩһ¶ˣֵǷźţǹȥ㡣е
ɱһ¶ˣǸϽ뿪طǳȥǹȥģҵ
Ȼ˵ֱӴĻɵ֮ܲһ򵥵ķҽǻϪӸǾ÷ס͸ϴڱĺ³ڤһ㣬Ȼһϣ뽫Ӹ˵𣿡
ɳƬ̣˵ͷ˵ʱЩִ٣ʱڿ϶Ūʲôķ󣬲סǻϪһʱĲ⣬ͿǵֶˣܲڶʱڽϪŪ
ֱܼ𣿡ʡ
Ӧû⡣ɵ
ҲУʱһϣ򲻹¡ҹɵ˵
˵¶ֿ֮˳壬կļһǻϪסĸ¥
˵ͷĸǹկС˵˼䣬ǹկļһ˼䡣
ŸҵС˵կмǸ¥Ѱկˣڵ¥涼ЩѼ󣬾ǻϪסĵ¥ʲôûУܸɾ
Ļһ䣬һһץסǹկķ²һ׶˵С˵ʵֻҪһǼٵģҾķǳѿ
˵УֳֻӾʹһƮ˳ǹկĺǰһȦ
ԭδĽһĻ˹ȥ
СһǧƣʱŵĻͷ֤Լ˵Ĳ
ҲңǧƷַ֮ء
һж֮ұǹկĺӽ·ֱӻװ磬ŴǱǹկ֮С
ҪһͻȻһסң˵СŸ磬һȣ㽫ֳӴţ˹Ҳ£ֻҪرĹƶֳӶܸ㻯⣬˵ܰӦǻϪӼС
Ҳһ飬ֳӵȷһķ
һ䣬ǧƾͳҷ˹Ԥϵģǧƾ̶ֱȥҲŵһһæֽץסֳ̫ˣóѡ
룬ֳһץסʱһҵʧˡ
ûиоκʹҲûп˿ڣûӰ
ϸһ룬ǧƣһܹҵĵ֮С
ǧƽҵ֮Ҳһ£ʵһֳզʹ
Ѿߺһ϶æһﾫءһ
Ҳⷽȷʵ򵥣˼ҵĹҪ̫ˡ
£Ҹ˻˻ֱ֣˸εĵطһüٰ˲կӵıԵҲһ¥Աߡ
ʱպûãҵ¥סŵ˺ڳԷк
Ҳһطæ׼һĽ䣬ٴٰ˲ȥ
կĺܴ˶ӣҲòʮֵСģկһЩʱ򣬻ܿկһЩʮҵСˣĶҲǱģǸָɫ޵ĹƳ棬Χһء
ղǹկķ²˵ϪӾկӵм䣬֪կӵмҶ֪կжֻһһȥ
һ߶ٰ˲оӦÿ쵽կˣոմ֮ͻȻһһ
ҵͷһҲ¥棬ȻһֱӴӵͳ
꣬ˡ
ǹҵʱæҵзӡʬħϢųһЩ˹ȥ
һֲܵϢʱŵԭſѣȶˡ
ҳһҪٴ뿪ͻȻù˵һ仰ҵٴ


1397 Թơ
⣬˷ˡ
ȻֻŪ쾪¥ˡ
˵ʱҲû̻عͷȥΪһʱ϶ϳկˣϵǴӹկǸ²ϰġ
һվԭһ
Ǹկֹ䣬Ȼľ裬ʼ˹һһĳҿһվﲻŵϵֻŵſѵȥ
ܿ죬ߵҵ֣ҵļһ£ڴʱȻһתȻҩûֱӳ˳ȥǸʶһҩܴ˲Ǹ˵ϻմȾһЩ
תͷ˵ʱҲڲ˼Ŀңһָ֣˵˰仰⻰û˵꣬һᣬͳһԵȥ
һѦҵҩǹã˴óǹկĺԵҿ첽˹ȥסӣȻҽϵ˵¥һĽ
Ƭ֮Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻǵ¥ɴ˵ô˵¥ﲻֹһˣôЩ鷳ˡ
ǵ¥滹˵ĻֱԻһٳٲأ϶ҪѰңһСկӹƶҪըˣǳӰһļƻ
һҧһݣԽ¥ȫŪιȥ
ţұŵӣַǸιȥĺӣ˵¥¥ǹŵģһ£ܿ˹ţŴ򿪵һɲǣҿŵǸŮˣԼʮңϻЦ⣬ȿԼҵĺӣɫһûнĿϵʱеҩһε˳ȥŮһ㶣ҩһƬ֮Ҳȥ
䲻⣬䲻׵ֵġ
ŮҲιȥֱ֮ӽǺһƽš
ʱ򣬲תˡˡ죬ʲôҷ˹
һٰ˲㿪˼ҷľȻһЩĶųЩһʮĺͯһŭĿңߴĴţҪк˹
һ⣬һǿ鷳ˡ
ԥŲ֪ôźõʱһֱϵǧͻȻҲӴ˳һƬ˹ȥЩһ㻩˵ϣǺͯһ£ҪٺǧѾɵߣֱ֮С
Сһ۾һҲֱ˹ȥ
Сڵϣ浣ǧ˺֣Сһ̯ŧѪŪǱ
ʵҶСЩ²ȥɱ֣Щ֪ڹկСӲʲô֮
æһҵķӸǧƹͨһʶǱ˹ȥܿǧƱ˻ӦȻ˵һʶﵽҵԺ֮Уҽ˼򵥵ĹͨǺܷҵ뷨ģܿʹС˳ҵڡ
ǸСǧһֿĹƣұ
ҽԵһȫ˴ϣǸ˱ӣĵƴϨˣѾߵļȻҲŴ͵͵˳ٰ˲ֶοٵ
կ˺ܶ࣬ػزͣ߶ֻܽеϢȫһЩʮĽ˲СʱĹ⾰Ҳŷһ¥ûڡ
¥ܴ󣬾ʹկӵֺȺĸо¥ΧͦԶľĵ¥֡
Ҳ˵¥Բʮ֮ڶһƬհףͻȻĻԵʮͻأ׾ͱ˸ˡ
ߵǣǵ¥ſڣկĺڰء
˿Ǹ¥ǻϪӵס
꣬զ죬Ҹ޷ǵ¥νǻϪӸӡأ
Ҹо޼ƿʩʱͻȻٴһҵǸǧƣ֪ܲϢĽӸסûܹվһ
һһԵ̬ǧٴιͨһ£룬ǧƴʶƺְ취ǾǸһԹƣһʱʧ񣬵֮Ҳ֪ʲô
пϲæǧƴ˳˵ĺ淢Ϯ
һ͸ʯһվǵ¥ſڣһǧƴһ˹ȥʮСģûǵľ
ʱǧȻ䳯һ˷˹ȥ


1398 Ѫа
ԵһɽӲվһ
΢쳣Աߵһ˵ע⣬תűǧƿƵǸ˿ȥ㣬ʵһĻͷˣǧͻȻ˵üĴ˳һ˺޷üĴҲ΢΢һԭأȻ󻺻תҲ̫Զҷ˵񶼿ʼĴ˫ۿնһƬǱǧƸ
һĻпϲҿǴһǧƹˣҪȻô飬һǸе޲ߣǸղǼңҹƾѾկ˸ˡ
ѾկӺܳʱ䣬ٵ飬￴һۣ׼һû˵ʱҽ̺߶˼£һʹ˺üٰ˲ֶΣмͣٵʱҲӰһ㣬һӵʱ䲻ҾǻϪڵĵ¥档
ղţҾǴ߻ιȥģһӦûС
һǵ¥棬Ҿ˸ʮελöСΣСĵĲСˣǹկʦϪסĵطΪ϶ߣƶ֮ǳ뻯Ҳ¶һš
ոʰһпܱ¶ٵķ棬ŵĹկĺӵ߷ǧƣǰһȦֱȥ
СεϷңֱһƨ˵ϣģǧƲʵʵķɵҵǰ棬ҵüĴ
һ񣬲һȥǻϪӣûǵ¥档
һĹҾȻǵ¥˵˹ؼ˵ĻǺȫܹס
ɵһϲ⻨ϪӲ˸ͷɣ
ʮĺģȫע
һ˵ʦϴǸ˵ɿǺˣ
ʮ㣬΢Щ죬˵
һ䣬Ƭ֮һ϶ЩɳƵصѪӣһѾ˵ĺˣկԹһи뵽κǷǷǵУٻֻƫһ磬ѪӵһƬ⣬ֻˣذɡ
ʦ׹һѪɢĴ¿Ʈ㣬һĺûᣬկƵڴ˴ҿ˵ǳ֮ͽկΪжд̣֮죬ĳÿɲǰǰúŪһص͸ƣˣҪСկӣ̽ȡһףʱѪկóҲܹӦһǣ
̫ЦһɳƵɤӼ˵֪Ѫկ֮ǰѾͶ˰̣ѾΪͳĺ״ˣһټʮǰ·֮ǰֹͷ⣬һһصͷ˴죬ڳ͢뵽ӦһصҪҲһصСկʱЩС¶
ѪһЦ˵ʦ֮£ѣһصǱˣһ̿϶ֵǹկˣԣǸӦ֣ͬԿ͢ǡ
ʲôԿ͢ȻþկУȴҲǶĿ֮㣬񣬶ЩһĴУʮǿЩԱУҪ߸£۵Ѱ·ʲô˻
˵ǻϪӶһ£ֵѪӣǾ˵ذɣǹկǲᲢѪկģǴ·죬һߣǣԺҲҪկˡ
ǵ̸о岻ѡ
ʱҲղǱ֮ΪѪӵˣϴ˳ǴǸɽˣǰλ
һصģʲôѪկѪӣѪկҺû˵
Ѫ̸ǸɳƵ̫ţȻǹկĴʦϪˡ
Ѫկһصһص̲կһصѪӹаˡ
ǣϪƺһصѪկƫһ磬կʵۣߵֵòЩ̫졣
ڴʱѪͻȻֵʦŴѪկƫǲѪӣʵɣһصͲǰһصˣܶȻΪãǱһصĵˣ׼ǵĵ𣿡


1399 ı
ŴԣǻϪӾһԾһصܶһټʮǰѾʲôʱðһܶѵѡģ
ѪӺٺһЦ˵ܶտתֻʮˣ˵ģʵҲ޷ܶڴǰѾʬ꣬תˣʱգܶඥָʮΪһصɻָʢؽƿ£ʱѪկɲס
ըԵϢϪӳĬãŷŻһЩ˵ѪӣǿǣկҲһ˵㣬կﻹмλϣҪһͬһ²СˣͲҪĵˣկĴʦ˵һû˸ҲҪʦһ׼ģԸԸӦկʦҵѪկһû˸Ҷ㲻ǲӦҪǺѪƣѾʼǻϪв
ϪֳƬ̣ɡʱ䣬һ׼Σ
⻨Ϫһ˵ǰսʬ֮󣬶ʱ޷ˣ˼Ȼɶ
Уͽ죬һ𸴣Ѫɲġ
£ϪƺѪӵͱ˸ŭˣͻȻ˵죡춼̣Ѫկʲôλԣ
ѪͻȻһǺãҾ͵ţ
˵գͷϵĵ¥㴫˽ŲѪӴˡ
һŲһ벻ãҵøϽ뿪УѪǷ֣һòʲôô
ұʩչٰ˲ԭλ˻ȥһʮٰ˲֮ҵӾ˰׿ľ룬ڽӳǻϪӵĵ¥ȥ
ҸովȣͿӵ¥߳ˣɽˡ
һʮҵˣز¶ˡ
Ǹʮҵ˱ȻѪˣɫԵüΪãŭĳկӵһԿ첽ȥܿʧҵǰ
ԽԽ˼ˣȻһصҲ˻ˮ֪ܷһ¡
У¶ҵûȥӺʹ˵ļı
뵽ұ㲻Ƭ̵ֱͣӰջص㣬ٵ۷˻ȥ
ʱΪҪĴŵ㣬ȥʱʱҪһңһһأ㻨һСʱ
һصԭĵط֮󣬷ֻʣ˻кͰչ
ҸոǴݴоʹ˹Щǵ˵СţôȥôãˣһΪ㱻ǻϪӸأ
ô飬ô֡ҺٺЦ
ôϪûУչĵط͵һۣʵ
ûУҸûȴһҪ飬أʵ
ȥ÷ˣ˰ɡչ
Ͻ˹ҪҪһҵ
ܿ죬չһطĹ˾˻ʱҷһﱧǻϪӵӣ˫ֶţɵһСһ⺢զˣ
һɫ죬Щִٵ˵Բס˾үղšղСһֵܣָйƶֵܵ°ĭˣùȵļʱֵܵסˣҵʱͳżһһƣˣ޲ֱӱһƸˡ
үôСƨľסһƣǸˣһҲˡ
һԴ˵үҲһʱֵܾͱŪˣղֲɱҲˣһЩ
үϴ󣬶ҲáһʱСһ£İ㣬˭뵽ôС˴Ҳִٵ˵ţɫҰ׵۾ȫѪ˿ִ󲡳ĸо
õģһСǵأһֱӴˣǻϪҪ֪ˣøƴ͸ûˡ
ʱ򣬻бߴٵСţ۱ˣ⺢ӶѾˣ϶Ȳ㻹ǸϽ˵˵կ﷢ʲôϢ
ɨһˣȫˣҲҴҸ˵õĲˣҲãҵ׷ʲô
£ұ㽫ѪӺͻϪı˼˵һ飬޲ɫ


1400 һˮ
˭û뵽ɽһصˣʲôѪկġ
կӵû˵һѪկ֣ɵɫ䣬Ī˵ѪկǻֲĶկӣկӲڹڣڰϹνϹԽϣϹǴʱǵĳƺʱϹǻĵĸҪϹһСҡ
ڻĶ߹ܿصʮϸΪ˻רųһԸߵ֯ص飬ϹһټʮǰòƾڰϹߵĹǺܴ󣬵һ㣬ЩѪկˣȫǹˣҲͳ置ʮἵĴˣڶȣһ
ֻ置˲Ϥ׹ƣȻ֪Ѫկһ˵ǲΪͳĺĴˣںܾúܾ֮ǰͶ˰̣ҲΪһصЧҡ
һ˵Ѫկη壬û뵽ѪկȻֱӽ쵽˸أҲһΣУѪկҵ׹һǲ鷳ʱԼ֪ôѪկǿѹ
Ұοǳ°˵õģصӦǣѪկҲĿŵĸصԣ˵ˣҲѣԺõǸ缸ĵطǶ岻ݴǡ
ֻǲѪկ飬ǸδµΣôԸǻϪӡ
һֱĬ֮ͻȻ̧ͷңɫСţô˵ǻϪӲûеӦկѪկ飿
ûУʮϪǵѪӺܲˣֱ˦ȥˡҵ
ѪӴס˹կֱ뿪˹կֵ
ϸһ£Щȷ˵ҲȷҸоѪʮǻϪͨ뺣ȻˣҸоôһˣӦòڹկ϶ȥˡ
ɵ˵ͷٴγƬ̣һ۱СʬһһĴȣˣȻѪӸϪ˼϶ȫãһǹկķ²СʬȥһϪӣ˵СѪɱģɱӾһ棬ǻϪٲӦѪկǹկկӵˣһ˵ǻϪӿ϶˲ɣҪѪѰѪӸոߣկ˿϶׷ϣߵ˴򶷵ʱǾɽۻĽ϶ǹկߵʤϪӿ϶ҲߣȻһû٣һٽϪ£λÿɺã
˻һɵݸһЦ⵱һüı
һɵļ򣬺ٺЦϺϺ꣬ӾǶ࣬һˮõѪӿ޶ûطȥޣǻ͵˿ʺҲʺˡ
һԴͻȻЦˣɵ˵զô˵СһɱˣʡǶˡ
⻰һЦ˵ҲǣСȷʵʱ
ⲻǿԺúã²˳٣һϽжǡѵ
Ȼ͵׼жʱ򣬰չʣһ۱忴ŵǸկķ²Сĸ˵Ǽƻĺܺãǲ֪Ƿ²ʱҪʱԣֱӽǸˣǻϪŭ˾ˣҪһʧС
ҲǸ⣬ʱһͻȻ˵ȫǧƾͿԽʱҽǧƷǷ²ϣٿ䣬ֻҪǽĻ˵̾Ƴɥ֪ǧƵҲ
˷׷׵ͷȻó彫Ǹ²˹
һǰѪӵĻǷ²˵һ飬ó巭˹ȥ
ĻǷ²η壬ȻЩôɣǻϪҪ
һ˵ֱӽǧƴٻ˳ΧǷ²תһȦֱݺݵ˵Բǵ˵ʱȫƳ棬ĥҹ㱯ҵȥԣ
ԭⲻķ˹ȥǷ²ŵȶӶˣǿ־ͷǲҪùɱһ˵
ˣҲЩ̫ģ˵һ²ŻϪӵӵʬկʱҾԶһб䣬ҺѸٵ۷ͨ籨ţȻѸٵĳ롣
֮ǰӹկѾһأҲ࣬һεû˶
ұ˵һϪӵկȥ׷ɱѪӵʱ򣬴һںţҲ׷ŹȥȻ䡣


1401 Ѫ𲻹
˷׷׵ͷһأɹ񣬾Ϳڴһˡ
֮ǰһҵ˳壬̸ЩѪկ²߻ϪӵĻ¸Ҹһ飬ù︴ģЩȫһֲļԺ֮Уʱ²˵ɶҶ
㣬ǲǹկķ²ŻϪӵʬ峯Źկȥ
Сǧƴţǿв£Ǻġ
һڣկʱ򣬾Ϳʼ޿䣬Уʱկע⣬׷״ӵ¥ǹկķ²ȥһǷ²ﱧŵĺӣ֪СѾˣ׷״ʧɫ۷׷ף˵Եʮַŭ
ڱСʬķ²կӣʱ˴󲿷˵ע⣬ɳ֮ҴŹկķΣڸĽ䣬ʼոǹկķ²Űҵľ롣
ʮ֮ǱźӵĹկķ²㵽˻Ϫӵĵ¥ԣһ߿޿䣬һ߾͹ﻹ˵ʲô
˼ҲһЩ˵ڻ·ϣѪӣѪӽһȫɱˣʦӵʬ˻ʾ档
ڻϪӵſڿƬ̣ǻϪӺܿţ˳
ʱҲſǻϪӵģһܹȫסƻĺӣһȣվڵ¥ſڡ
ѾϺˣоѦҵλүӻҪࡣ
ŪƵˣÿֹƳ򽻵֮УټеǺԲŻԵ˲ϰɡ
ôһĹ򣬾ڻϪӵĵ¥ۼ˺ܶկˣһʱͷܶ۷׷ףȺ鼤
ƬطΧźöˣöӵϢһܹȫϵϢȫڸǣұŵֿһЩǱ߾ᷢʲô
һǼĽҲȥǱʲôߡ
ڣŵעǷ²еĺϣƵһʼκεı飬صľһܣ̫֮ϵƲŶ˼£ŹչΡΡĴӵ¥ֱѾȥĺӵԣȻ֣һǺӵԴһ˲ͱĶϵļⲻϵĳ鴤ݺݵùǷ²һ仰ϵɱʱǲңҲܵǻϪӴ˿Ѿ޶˷ŭȫǶɱġ
Լİ˲˭Ҳ޷ܵİɡ
ǹկķ²ǽĻǻϪ˵һͨ޿䣬ʮֱңСݵĲȥӰҶÿϧˡ
ڴʱȺͻȻһԷ򸾣ֱŻϪӶеǸӣҿʮ죬ϸһ£ż˴ˣΪСɽǵʱ򣬱㵽˳ǵǸ֮Уǰ飬Ҫӳǵıӳʱ򣬵ʱӡ
ӵʱ˵ǺõĹһֻЫӹƣʱɽص˸ˡ
ӺһŮ˿첽һ±㿴Ƿ²еĺӣһѽǷ²ƿǺӵʬ˹ڻһޣ˺ѷΡ
һ֮ǺͻȻҧгݵ˵Ѫկ̫ǹկˣȻɱһɱӣǣҪ
ϪһŭѪկ̫ɱˣҹկѪկѪӽ𲻹죡
˵գǻϪŭһеĹȣ㳯ǹڵϵķ²˹ȥǷ²ƺһ˵ϣ˲ҽУ֮䣬Ƿ²㿪ʼƵĶﲻг˳ӺܿҲ˺ѿһӣĳӴĶзƬ̣Ƿ²㱻Ƴ壬ɥ
ȥֶҲǹֲģͱǹȴһ£㱻˹ƣ˾ͱгӣ̫ˡ
˵ҿ²ʮһڣֻϧϪӷŭ˼㣬ţ͹ֲˡ
ɱ֮󣬻Ϫӱĸկ˴˵һʱկ˵ŭ𶼱ȼˣ֣š
⻨Ϫӿ϶ɿկȥѪӸ𣬹կЩ˶ŹˣĳԹһš
ܿ죬ϪӱһֹկˣѪӸղȥķ첽ȥկʱҺһƬԻصó˷ȼ˻ѣƬ롣


1402 Ѫ֮ս
˿ļıѾȫɹˣǻϪ˵ΪӾѪɱԴկġ
կＸһ˶ˣȼѣƺƵѪȥķ׷ȥ
û뵽ǣկﾹȻƥмŻߺ۵ϼһ﷭һǵ㲻һĸ֣կļϣһ뿪ˣһ·۶ȥ
կ˲û߹⣬ٻ֮һû
һңҲ洦߶ǻϪɱǵǸ²ʬ壬ͻȻ΢΢һ£һǸֳǧƴǸõʬ֮˳ֱ߷˹һȦܿʹҵؿ˽ȥ
ǧҵ֮еʱֳܸܵӴʱ飬Ȼܵһ޷Ŀ־壬΢΢Щ룬϶ηǻϪӣܵǿ
ǧȻǾǰһʣʮһ쳣ǿĻϪӣǸܵһΣԼԣǻϪӶǷ²¹ƵʱǧƲûκ춯ǵСһҲ֪ǻϪӲǺǵģ֪ѡԹԵݷ˲ŸĵĳѰҵĻ
СǴ͸
ߵĲʱҲҪ뿪ˣһʼǴ㽫Ϣȥ˵һǻͷȥʱ򣬷կͻȻ䱸ɭһڣ岽һڣ˴ս׼
˵һаܹ۷ȥһһҪ˷Ѳʱ䣬ǴһϷ
֮ǰʱ͸˵ˣһկ춯ѰѪӵʱʱҪϣҴһȥҲ߼Ӧúܸܿ
㣬ұ׷߹կĴ󲿶ӳ첽ȥȴûЩ̫ǴӵĲЩѪկ˸ǹʦСйƶ֮ôˣҿɲұ¶Ρ
ֲǣﲢһ·̫ƽկ֪ܹ֮ܿȴУҺһǧڣһŴз˳Ʈǰ׵ĵطһ·֮ƿ˸Ĺƶ
Ϊ֮ǧƣһģһ·֮ϣӵֶ޲׷˱ܣı㱻ǧƷȥ˶ҺŨˮ
ǧƿ·һ·ߵĵҲ̫ƽûСһڣҪ粽ˡ
һ·Щկ˻Ҫ죬ǹկһկＸ¸أΪĴϣǸסѪȥ·ģܵûӰӡ
ѪѪկˣλܸߣͬ壬ȻҲǶùƶ֮ģܽկжԸĴƶֶΣǴߣȻҲ谭жٶҲ첻ȥƻûǧƿٶȿ졣
Ҹǧڲһ·УܿͽϪӴĴ󲿶˦ǰ˴ԼСʱ֮ұһ˴򶷵죬һбһϲѪӿ϶ǱеǼʦ׷ˡ
ǣҷŻ˽Ųǧٻ˽ǰϢ˹ȥ
еһƬУսѾˡ
ЩʦƥѾ˵ϣƳѪӺӱկ߰˸Χм䣬һƬȡ
ѪӹȦģһ߻еαһ߷ŭĴǹկȺɵȶʹҲҪԵɰɣ
ɱǴʦӣǺüˣҪʲôԵɣȥɣһ˵ţͻȻһƬɫĶۣѪӶȥ
Ѫһ֣ڣЩȫʱŭôѪˣǴʦӣӼûмôɱ
ЩݵѪӷֱ棬ĹƶأƺƵĴȫǸֶ죬OO@@ģͷƤ飬Щ滹˹ʲô򼡢Ыӡ½ߡѡһ㡣
ЩĸͷܴҶ֪ôðģЩկĴϣܲôƳ档
ãǧһЩĸֶ棬ʱ˾أԵҵǰͷϷһȦЩƳ׷״ƬƬȥЩȥĹƳĶҺȫǧƵڣԱԺŹƣСͷȴһ޵׶ĹǰȥĹƳ˺һ㡣
ѪӱˣҲһΣγһһɫĽҺɳһկĴ϶ȥ


1403 
Ǵ϶ɫĽҺ罦ϣ֮䣬Ǵϵؿڱ㱻ʴһѪм̵Ķߴؿ˿ڴ˳⼸Ͽٵ߹ȥǴϵӺȻأɥ
սʮּңĹƳ滹ڲϵ࣬ѪһֶʮЩȫѪӸˣ˼ɣֱʹɱ֣Ƭ̣կĴĹƶ֮¡
ѪӵֶΣľѪկҲһһƸ֣ǹկϼĹʦҲǲϵĵ¡
ѪӲ϶γɱЩϵʱƺʶʲôһæѪӣկǲ벢ѪկҪɱڣǻǲҪǼˣ֮ʣǿ˴һǻϪˣǹҲӲˡ
ȻѪɱ𣬸µֱŭССһկӻεĹǼѪկǸˣھȻȻѪկΪУǱӾɱһƬײȻΪãǾǻҷ𣡡
˵УһկĴУγĶҺʴӶڻˣ֮жʱɢһŨҵȳ֮
ۿŹկĴһĵѪӵĽ£ҿҲļĲУһЩȫѪӸɱˣǻϪӸϲĻѪӻֱˣһõƾ𲻵ʲôá
ѪѾɱĸկĴϣˣʣµЩɺηѪȥ
ڴʱ˲ԶӵĽŲͷʱ򣬷ֲԶ죬Щֱųһ˷ֱӽλΧˡ
һ龰Ҷʱһ꣬⿴ѪɱǹկĴˣկʲôʱһƬطΧҶ֪
УҵӳȥһЩկ˶϶һ鷳
뵽ֱӳһѱȽϡĵطȥһ˼ٰ˲棬ҵͻȻЩŻѵĹկļһߵʱֻһ㵽ǵȻǽٰ˲һôĺ档
Ҹղغӣмկļһ׷۾˿֮ǰĵطĹһۣߴ˵һͨ
Ӧ˵ǣι㿴ûУҸղź񿴵һˣǰһžʧˡ
ҲˡһΪۻأأ
ӰƵģһξûˡҲˡ
ˣˣǸϽǰ߰ɣ˵կĴѾѪӸסˣǿȥ¡
ȻЩկ˾Żѣŷͼǰˡ
û취ٰ˲Ѿ챻õ˼£ľһӰмֵʱ򣬶ֻͣٷ֮һʱ䣬űٴδ߶ٰ˲ʱѾƵ˵ĳλá
˵ЩկֻͣƬֳ̣ĴһۣŻٴγǰ첽ȥ֮ҽҲȥŶʮ׵ʱҾͿկԼİˣֱΧһܴԲȦѪ˸һˮйͨ
Զ˼ˣʲô̧ͷһԴһò붼û룬ұԳһǿôĸߴӸԶһĿȻ
һֱˣï֦ܵҶΣǧһֱƣ룬Ҳкܶ඾涾ߣȫǧƸһһˡ
ҸոסΣͿǻϪӴһڹկѾѪΧһˮйͨ
һǻϪӱŭ˵Ѫӣ㣬ǲǱɱ
ѪǸʮֿ֮ˣһʼûдߣȻûнկ˵ɱΣɱֵΣ
Ҳţȣկ˸Χˣ˵Ҿûӡ
֪г㣬ηأıأ
Ϫ˵ѾλѪկ飬Ȼɱҵ¶ǾˣˣҲҪڴ˴
ϪӣôԣֻҪҽһëձѪկϵֱǹկƬײѪв
ʲôɱҵĶӣһҪϪӵĶһѪǾͱ޳ͷԣ˵ֱһ죬³һֻЫӣͳѪ˹ȥ
ѪɫһеγһͻȻһ͵ĳߣſ˴죬㽫ǶЫӸ˿С


1404 Ʒ
һγּͱһʲôֶΣ
Ѫеĳ˶ǶЫ֮󣬺ܿһֻ֣һѱڽ֮䣬Ȼлǵﱤˡ
֮䣬㽫ǻϪӶЫӹƸˣѪӾЩġ
ǻϪӵĶӵЫӹƱ֮󣬵ɫһ죬ȻֱһѪһΣȴǻϪӸһѲסˡ
֮ǰ˵ƷΪַܶһƵķʽƣԽǹԼΪһڸõĿƹƳ棬ƵֶҲб׶ˣǸΪһĹƳһ˸ˣԼͻܵɣˣ߱ж
˿ǻϪӵĶӱȻ˷֮ࡣ
ڳǼҵıУҿ⻨ϪӵĶӶЫӹƵʱ򣬸оʮֲֿһֵĴңʱҸĹǸʲôɽص鲻ʱϹ˵ҺսҪ˴
ֻڵҸʱȻͬն⻨ϪӵĶҪùɱңһ׵顣
ۼǻϪӵĶЫӹƱѪһо͸ˣҶʱЩ˼飬ԼãѪӵֶ֮ϣҲǸڲ֮䡣
ǻϪӵӱΪѪɱֱѪشٺõƢǿ϶Ҳܲˡ
ϪŭһѪӣ̫Ϊǹկûε𣿡
Ѫ΢΢Ц˵ǰǹկ˼Ѫկǲģȴʶ̧٣ǱӾû취ˡ˵ʵССһկӸûǺһӵĸУʲôطϿ۵ġ
ϪЩ΢΢Ƭ֮󣬲ŵˣҪΪԼѪկ϶ѧһЩ£Ŀˣ޷ԽĸɽȻǳҲ뿴ĳ̣аɣʹ죡
ҶϣⳡϷǻϪӵĻôŻϪӵĻզôأһǳһ̵ġ
һ˵ҪƣΧܵЩ˶ʱó˺ôһƬյس
һֱѪλӣҲҴѪʮ֮ң
ԭӣܿͱѻȸ˶񣬾ĿŻϪӺѪӶˡ
жʱһŨɱ֮һ紵Ҷ죬ϵҶʱоһ֮ӭ
ĸֶƣһ˻һͨһ㣬򲻹ܣƿ϶УΪͺöǵ÷ֳһʤɡ
˶ùƵļƷ֣ĹҲضǷƷпǸǧһơ
Ҳʮֺ棬ѪǻϪ
ʶģҸоϪӵʤȽϴҪͰʵսľҪѪӲ֪߳˶١
ҵϲѪӮӮ֮߶ԸϪӾ͸һЩһѪʤˣϪӼ㲻Ҳˡ
עãȻ䣬Ѫȶ֣һеǰαжʱһɫĶߣѪӵɫߴԼ׶೤г˵ֱһϸ͸̣ɢһĹһڵϣ߸ͷ­ԴεģмĲλһĨɫоƵģʮۡ
һԴϼ״Ķ㷢һ죬ƵĿŻϪӣβһ˦ըѰ졣
ϷԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣĲ˲ή˥ܣҵĶԽȾһǾ綾ޱ֮
Ϫӿһ۵̾˶Ķߣ۾һУȻһ˦ۣҲһ˵ϣⶫͷ󣬵ڵ֮ӹĹĵģһһ֮䣬ۡ죬ӱһ㣬ϵıһʼڻȴ棬󣬾͸һСŵһС
ʮˣҪϵɫ̣߲ʰ쵣ϻкܶһĸ񣬺֮䣬ӿвɫĶΧĲ֮ڻˣһźˮⶾҵ̾Ϊֹˡ
ҿŻϪŪĹƣȻһ飬ĪǴ˵еĻƤ棿
ҴһֻĿģһΪ˸СŮѱһȡǻϪӵĻƤ棬ѦСˡ
һ⻨Ƥ棬ҵľͨͨ͡Ŀ˿̵ңǶôϣõ⻨Ƥ氡


1405 ߵ
ѾˮԽԽˣоûɶ¶ȫһྐྵӿϷΧȺڣһƿơƻ߶ͷɶˡ
һǻϪӽƤ˳Ҷʱ޷ҵջ̫ˣկĿıⶫҪҪǻϪӵѾҪֻҪﲻȥˣиëϵߣҲСǸСŮѱˡ
һս⣬ҴӣǰҶ۾һ˲˲ĶŻϪӺѪӡ
ʵһֱ룬ѪΪɶӣ
룬ܿҾ˴𰸡
һΪǻϪӵӲУǱ˸ԩģһӾͽʵˡ
ڶѪӵıѪկѪկıһصνǱ쳣ǿ
կֻһССկӣҲǧˣһصһСֶ˶࣬ѪӺţկûеӶһɱ֣ǹկկԶˡ
ʱĻϪӿ϶ô룬ѪһģûнǹկûнѪ˵ǸСֻһĸûжϵѪկİȨ߲ܶķ񣬿ǺǻϪӵһΨһ⺢һֱûϪӾ˺¶϶̡
߸û˵Ǳǻײֱӿ
ѪѾɱ˹կüϣԹ͸һЩ
ʱ̨׷׽Լ԰Ĺƶ֮˳
ѪӵĹһһɫߣϪǿֲĻƤ档
Ĺһųֹһ㣬ûԶԷ
ֻһξңң˴ڹ۲Է
ɫԴϼӰĶһֱڷ죬ǻƤ治ѧãƫƫȴѧ󡣬ɡͣ
۾ӣԾûжֵ˼
꣬һﲻǿˣôһֱ£Ҫ˫ȥɡ
۾ĹͻȻȫֹͣ죬ȥǵʱŷѾһɫֱӽǻƤвɫĶҺǻƤ϶ȥֻǻƤδϳðһŲɫ֮⣬Ųûʲô쳣ǻƤʮֱӣһſڣҧסߵߴ磬ڵϷŤ򣬽졣
˲ӣ߾ͱƤҧأֱɢǣǱҧ壬ɫĶ߲ûȥضٴδһ飬ֺܿΪһ塣
˵ʱʱ죬ǻƤһԾٴɫߵϣɫߵٴβס壬һſٴԵĳɫߵҧȥһΣҧߵߴ磬ֱҧסǹߵԴȻڵľ׽
ǹߵβأԻζƬ̣ܿûϢ
߸ոȥ֮ʱѪͻȻɫһ죬һſڣۡһ³һѪ
ȻѪӵɫ߲ǻƤĶ֣ô׾ٵĸƤսˡ
һΪּƷʲôڵĳأԭͨĶûʲôߵ棬Ҳһ֮䡣
Ψһͬǣ˵깴ģֻҪǹҵˣ˱ȻܵɣѪһѪ˳
ƻô򵥣ֻڶԸ˵ʱŻԵ쳣ֲ
Ѫˣĵĺ
ʱѪͻȻ첽УֱӵѪӵǰ棬һ˴ѪӣӣסϪӣ
˵գӾֱɱ˻Ϫӣһηģ
ѪӲɵӣ֪ԼˣܵشΨ·һѪƬ̶ûֱͣӵͷܡ
ѪӵΧһȦկˣ׵ѡ
͵ΪѪӾҪСʱ벻ʱ򣬷ˣѪһ죬һѪѪĴ׷ɣͻȻͱ˻һȺΪϸСĹƳ棬ŵǰЩկ˶ȥ
ЩկͷӦ˹ŸʽгѪӳ˹ȥ
ЩѪĹƳ̼ͳŹկϯȥǰˣʱЩϸСĹƳҽŵ˵ϣϵҷƬ̵ĹѪϸСƳЩ˱ЩССĹƳڼ̵ʱȫг˰׹ǡ


1406 ߵѪ
Ҳ˿ҲףѪϲֻһֹҲΪʲôѪӣȻԼѪԻƣϸСĳӣСӦúССԶԶĿţֻоһƬȴԸ˵ϣڼ̵ʱ֮ڿгһѰ׹ǡ
Ѫһ֣ЩԭǰĹկ˶ʱһ֮׷׳ĴЩƳҪԼҲһѰ׹ǡ
ˣЩկҲûţΪկˣȻƣһ׷׽ԼĹƳѪ˦˹ȥ
ȻѪȴкƣܣЩͷųĹƶȫЩɫϸСĹƳ赲⣬ɵĸɸɾ
ƾһУѪֱɱһѪ·Χμĳһ񱼶ȥ
Ѫһӣӱ˻ϪӣȻϪӸûи˶ֵ˼һѪӵӣֱѪ׷ȥ
ˣӣϪŭһŲմأ첽׷ѪӶȥ
Ѫӣ³ͱȽһЩʱկļΧƬ̣ҵ֮£ʬ廹ƶҧͷӶûʣ¡
Ҳ̫һЩԺǲܸƵΪС
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬻ϪӾ׷Ѫʧҵǰ
һǿ϶׷˵һѪӸǻϪ֮仹һѪսʱҳû͵ϮĻ˵Щˡ
뵽ֱӴϻϢĻЩկȺ֮УЩկ˶˼Ѫһ㣬ɱɫֺڣûע⵽ҵΣҴʱҴǹկЩ˵·ڵҵһʬ壬ʬѪҵϣûܹĳ
һȺк󣬻ӵϼһ絶ŻϪӺѪӵķ׷˹ȥ
Щկһξ֮ұ㶯ٰ˲ֶΣǽǧƸ˳ңοٵתŲ֮䣬Ҳ֪˶ٴٰ˲оʮңԶԶأҾͿ˻ϪӵӰ
ˣұ㲻ٶٰ˲ֶΣǻϪӸܵɢϢҵĴڣɢϢȻկЩȫͬҪǱЩǿֻ̫࣬ҪǻϪ⣬϶ܹӦͬʱҲһϢ˫񱼣ӲǻϪ׷˹ȥ
Ѫӵı߹ƱƤֱӳˣܵǣ˿ˣڻϪľ֮£ѪջǱϪӸ׷ˣһϪӸøѪӵǰ棬ֱӶסȥ·
ѪӽŲһ٣Ŀݺݵ˵ϪӣǹȻѪկΪˣ֪ɱʲô³𣿵ʱѪկѹȻǹկΪƽأڷ뿪ǻлأ
ѪӣŻ˭أѪկڰϣΪصЩǳصɵĿԽߣѹǼ͵͵ĹѾܲˣϻ˵ɣ˵գǻϪһӣƤٴ˵ϣۡĽĶǻƤߵһС磬մȾ˲ȥ
Ѫ֪ҪͷɫȻ˵ǲѪկ¶ǿѵҪϾɱѪկ𣿼Ѫկ˹һصԾдֻұġ
ϪЦһ㵽ڶΪʲôҪɱ㣬Ψһӣ㶾֣ѪծҪѪɣ
ѪӱϪӱƵĶˣæ˫ֵϪӣҳԣҽʲôʱɱˣӳʲôҶ֪ⲻǴɱ𣿡
ƨղŻĵΪ˻ƤҪˣˣĶˣȥɣ
ϪӸѪ˵Ļᣬһ֣ǻƤ㳯Ѫӿٵ˹ȥ
ҶڲݴԺ棬һĻǾøЦĿԣһʼѪţȺģ˭ͻȻһת䣬˵ǻϪӵӲɱġ
˵ϪţҪ˵ѪҲǹߵģƺҲϴˡ
ڹģҶѪӸоί
Ѫӱ˾·Ҳһɺ֮ŭУˣҲù
ǻƤٵĳԼ߶ѪͻȻס˽Ųһ˫֣һЩѪתɵĹƳʱһǻƤȥ


1407 ͵Ϯ
ЩϸСĹƳ棬ƺƵֹǧһƬƣ˲ͽǻƤ֣ȻһʱסǻƤȥ·ȥ
ϪӿЩסƤĹƳ棬ȻһЦ˵Сǰ׳󣡡
ţϪһΣ˫ƹĶѪϴȥ
ѪȻΪ˻òʹȫߣǻϪӾƴɱһʱҲԷֳʤ
ٴγǻƤȥʱ򣬷ǻƤϲ֪ʱٴ˲ɫĶȻϣɫĶУЩϸСĹƳǻƤ棬ʱͷЩϸСĹƳУڵʳЩܹ˸ʴɰ׹ǵϸСƳ棬ȻǻƤ浱ʳĿԡ
ҵĿⲢûйעѪƴɱĻϪӣǿǻƤ棬ţʲô취ǻƤ㵽֣Ȼֱ뿪
ǻϪӺѪӣǴǵģɶ¶ǹҧһë
ֻǣǻƤģƺʰһĴҶ÷θȻǾ綾ޱȣֹȥƵͱˡ
ؼڲ֪ƤŪ֮󻹹ܲãֱŪһЩҴȥֱӸѦС˾ˡ
ţŴ߶һڵǧƣ취ܲܽ⻨Ƥˣû뵽ǣǧһڹؼʱ̾Ȼ͵ˣϳ
֪ηǻƤ滹ǻϪӣ߽Ծ塣
ҾʱͻȻһ飬Ķʱ֡⡱һ£Ҷ׷ϻϪˣòƵڶûиϹҲ֪ʲô
ǶڵĻԸϪӱõʱһӵϣֶǻϪӿ϶мܲס
ߵǣڲûֻһҳȥǻϪƴɱʤƲǺܴҪҶԹƲ˽⣬ǧƺЩǻϪӡ
ôզ
˼ǧ֮ʱͻȻ䣬ͻȻһ죬һͷһʱһ֪ʲôʱͻȻһƬĹƳ棬иָĶߣ߶»ˣѵǹկЩ׷붼û룬ֱ˳һôȥȻһʱ򣬲Ȼ䷢֣ЩƳ沢ԸҵģǳѪӺͻϪǱ˹ȥ
֮䣬˷иָĶԼٶȳŻӶȥҲ˶Щֵ̿ĳһһѪӾͳ˻Ϫһƣ˳ȥڵأӸһ˵ϣδЩָĹƳӵֱӽû˳Ӷһ㳡⣬ˣԸϪõʱȻ
ϪȻһЦǳӶ˹ȥǻƤҲѪŪЩϸСĹƳȫ˸УζӸ˻Ϫӵ
ⶼҵģɱ뿪կǻϪԹ˵
⻰һ䣬ȻٴηԭѾסѪȫЩƳ棬ͻȻĴɢֱŻϪǱ˹ȥ
һѪѪӾȻٴվһãȫѪմȾ˵֮ѪӣһδӳӶѪӣȻһֺܲһĸо˫ˣ綾һ㣬ҲŶһ֣Щ桰ķˮһ㳯ŻϪӷӵȥ
ϪһѪӵģʱҲһȻơǲҪˣ
˵УǻϪҲ˼һ֣Ǻɫĳ۱ĵһ֮䣬ЩȥĹƳ㱻䵽һԣ׷ȥ
ǰǻƤȴһϵŴ죬ЩƳ棬ֻǴѪǱĹƳ̫ˣܿͽǻƤû
ѪƴˣǷһĴС
ǻϪҲоЩϵĻ˫ֵЩ޾ĹƳ档
ҪһͻȻһϢƵ˻ϪӵѪȻΪǣֻӲϪȫעĥѪӵʱͻȻ͵ϮĻܹһٵ֡
ǣǲˣǱ鷳¶סˣɹ񣬾ڴһˡ
ܿ죬ҾƵ˻Ϫӵĺ棬Ľ˳֮âһһ֮һɫĹͳǻϪӵĺ󱳾ֱ˹ȥ
ҾҪ


1408 Χ
ݼţѪӻûȫߣֵܵǻϪӵʱұҪ֣⻨ϪӸˣֻҪ⻨ϪһǧƱҳԸǻƤ棬еӭж⡣
䲻ݷ֮ʣ콣еĻ㾦㱻ʹ˳һɫĹӽ籡ֱϪӵĺĶȥֻһǴʵˣϪӾûĿܡ
Ȼ鲢еǰãеĽոշһ֮ʱǻϪӱӦˣæͷ߿ǻƵ֮ȫǾ֣ӦٶȱҪ࣬еǸȣֱǵɫĹ˹
á䡱һ죬ǵɫĹȻûнʵʵڻϪӵϣȴĹϣǻϪ˴ֱӱ˳ȥ
ǻϪڵϹȦһѪӿǻһѪߡ
ҸոǻϪӣѪӱһƺߣĵĺ˼˵ϡ
̧ͷ߿һۣȻʶ˭һ±ơ
߼һ͵ϮɣûнϪɱƵĲУҲǻϪӸˣһŽͳǻϪӳȥ
ɨǧ㾦ߣ
һұ콣ֱƵǻϪˣûм֮ҲùƶĻᣬһĹ֮ǻϪء
ǻϪӵΪҹҪһЩû뵽ӲǹƶΪȻҲôá
ڱұƵĲϺˣĻϪӣ־ŭһ߽УһŭʵǴðģ
үģСүѰģ㻹ǲǵһǵļһ˹ƣŮѣѪծѪӵڵˣеĽ·ɣһݺύĽǻϪֵˮйͨ
ǻϪӿЩסеĹֻܲϵĵֲֿ¹ƣ˵ʵҾƣŲκδϢĻᡣ
ҶԸϪӵʱͻȻѪӵλ֣ллȣԺ󶨵лʹ˱
˵գʹһҵĽŲǻӾȻתĵˡ
꣬ĸ㣬ô˵䳡滰ˣ̫ˣҲ˵æ
˵Ѫ֪˭Ļ¾Ͳ˵ⷬˣҸһص
СǱȦˣһʱûϳ
콣һصӦú˽ǡ
пСڰϹԵʣ֪ôһҲδ֪
ԼٶȱýУԽҪ⻨ϪӾ£ԽǲԸ⻨ϪӦҵĽ֮Ҳȵࡣ
ߵǣƴ֮ʱģ˴ǻϪӵĺ洫һƬŲ֣Щڿٵĳƽ
ѽãկˡ
һЩ˹ֹƶ뷢ҿӦʱҪصѪӵĸޣôկĸΧŴҿûѪĵ
ɱǻϪӣҲսֱӴǬ˱мͭǮʩչһ±ͭǮǧͭǮŷǻϪӱƿȻͷܡ
ֻһûܼǰȻǻƤ棬ֱӵסҵȥ·
һ죬һ߲ʶŵĻð亹æһٰ˲ƹǻƤ棬ҪһͻΧ
һٰ˲ʩչʮ˳Ҫʩչٰ˲ʱ򣬱ߵ鷢ˡ
ĞųͻȻ˼Ĳƺʼճ࣬ҵڶٰ˲ոʩչֻƶĲľ룬㱻ճĿ֮Ӳĸ˳
ͷʱ򣬵ǻϪ˫ץ߶߶˴񣬲֪һʲôȻסٰ˲ֶΡ
ΧסСӸˣϪӼΪŭ˵
˵ĹǻƤٴοңζ˹һ߲ʵһĺ󱳣Ҿͺð硣
ãȻ޷ٰ˲۾ֱ˫ܰɡ
ֱӳ׼һ˦˻Ƥ棬ﱼȥձûͻȻӭź۵Ĵϣһ֣һƬɫĶͳ˹
꣬ŵһֱӶ˿ȥЩƳ漴˵ϣɻĳ˹
һ߿ٵĺˣһշһ֣շʱֱӳЩѹ˹ȥڵϲϵĹֱյЩž졣
ֻôһ飬ҷıկ˸Χˡ


1409 ʶ
ѪӸϪӶʱҳû͵ϮҪЩˣǻϪӸɱˣǽȴûǰá
ãʵ̫пˡ
ǻϪӱеҪܶ࣬һǽ͸ӦҵĴڣղһҲûҪ˻Ϫӵ˶㲻ϣҪһ͹Ϫ£ҲԸΥǽѪӸ˳ûˡ
ͽ͵ʴףùߵġ
ȻߵĻں棬ҸϪƴɱʱ򣬹կĴϵˣҶ˴˴ͻ޷ͻƣѰҲͰˣΣҶɱһѪ·Ӷ˴ǣЩȫƵģڹƶֲ֮ô˽⣬ǼķʳǧϪһ˵ʱ򶼲ҳ˵ЩկĸˣͷðЩһųƶΨжܣҸӲӲ
һԽԽ࣬㣬ֱӽҸ
Ҽ޷ѣֻûصм䣬ǻϪӣǻϪӵǲż֣϶Ǿô˽ҸΧˣѾΪ˰ϵ⣬׸
ͬʱӦҲʮֺ棬ҵʲôˡ
Ž꣬˻ϪӣϪҲһĿҡ
Ƕ˴Լʮ룬ͻȻ˵ʶ㡣
ŶҶˣ㻹ʶңҺ
ȷʵʶ㣬Ȼþɽ֣ҲǶĿ֮ϵЩţ֪һģŽһ֮㣬˵ܣǰ;Ǹʬҵĺ㵹һýղֶӦþ콣˰ɣϪĿ佱
ЩԼЦ˵ʦǹˣ»Щܲ𣬱ΪһױݣϲˣǱʦʶˣǺ
ǻϪȴһҹկ޳Թһص𣬸ղΪҪһصѪӣأ
꣬¶һ治˵뽫Ѫӷߣȫ֮١
ȫһ
£ҲѧѪӵĿ˵ǮԸ⣬Сү˭;˭ܵҪ֮ĳԹǿˣҪӼǰ˵㻹ǲǵһɽǵļһһƣֵܵŮ˻ججղֵָ߹ƣҪҵʱֵļʱֵҲҪûˣʱգұΪֵֵܺϱģ
룬ǻϪȴֿЦ˵ΪʲôأЩ֥ùӵС¶ɱ˶ˣͲǵЩС£ֻǵһǣҲ˰ɡ
˵С£ǼѣǶ˵ǾͲһˣΪֵܣһصҵŮˣұһʡֶ棬ɱħΪܷŵĹ㣿ɫһ
ǻϪӹЦر˭Ҫǵ㣬Ƿ蹷һסţݡǺðɣȻҲòдһ͵ɱģվ㵹б¹Ҫҵɲһصʲôֶ棬ǹկկǹŹأеӽұųȥŶԣ㼴ǺҲܳȥصҧ֮࣬ʬ޴棡
˵˶ˣնҸˣҵҪǹկʬ޴棡˵ͬʱѾעǽ֮У֮âת죬зС
ǻϪϵļⶶ˼£еĹȣָҵɱ
һ£ǹկ˶ʱ蹷һ㣬ֶñеģгҷųģǸĻǸָĶۺ͹Ƴ档
Ƿųֶεʱһ콣Ҳƴ
ˮ
ҴһܵĞųʱеĽ֮ͷųһǿ֮һۻ֮Һͽ϶ʱһǿŨϢЩҪϵֶı˳ȥ
һΣҶ콣ֵĽУоǰȫһˣΪͻͽԵʣҲʼʼоһΣ⽣е̫࣬ոձҴӽ֮ͷųͿ˷Բʮ׵ĵطͻȻһ޴ĺ֮һʱѪ׷ɣҽ
콣еİˮʺȺŹֱΧľ棬˵£ɱǿ


1410 ɫĩ
һаˮʽѾöûùˣԵеʱһϰʹɨǧͻ㾦ʽڵƴɱʱȽϵӦ֣ɱܴ
ˮ̫ʺϵ˽ֻʺȺŹһȺˣȺŹԼ
һֱûҵᣬһΣڽ⽣иʹ˳޴󣬷Բʮ׵ľ֮ڣȫڰˮַΧ֮ڣ֫ϱۣѪɣڵһг֮ʱеĽֹкܶûбӡ
һܵʱصİҰܻܣЩԭվ˵ĵطһð̵ĴӣˣܹȷǣʮˣЩըķѵĹկˡ
ҳһеʱ򣬴˶˹ȥվڰˮǵ֮⣬ǻϪӣվԶһֳԾͷŭĿĶҡ
Ȼûϵ˶Ĺկ˰Χ֮£һ֮ڻնɱôˡ
һйҲƬ̵иִܿǬ˱éɽ壬Ǽķţٿ˴éɽ巢һ塱죬ųһεĲ˼ĲЩðˮɱ֮ʬ廹ıȽõʮʬͻȻأԶ֮䣬Щʬ׷׵ϳŨܵĺɫë˷ָ׺ͳ﷢һֲƺ֮
Щëʬһɣʱ˹ȥЩկûüӦ㱻Ǻëʬ˵ڵأҧ˲ӣɥ˿ëʬ޲׷׷˾ֵĴ֮Ĵ׷׶ܡ
ϪӱҪ߶һЩëʬҲһ߷ߵĿһۣٴδȵկĴϺڣ
һ䣬Ǹźӵʦģ˴Ⱥ֮վ˳ǻϪӳǿһۣԸǼȥסȽǼߺëʬˣ
˵գǻϪУһΣ㵽һߺëʬߣһһЩɫķĩǺëʬͷϣȻɫķĩƺԺëʬ̫ãǽʬɷܲĳŻϪȥ
ֵǣǻϪӲЩëʬǷĩںëʬ֮ٴתŲһëʬߣɫķĩźëʬȥ
ͬʱĸկʦѾ˹δһʦ˦һֻëһʦһ֣ˡһһƬ߷һ֪һȺ۷Ǹͷɱͨ۷̫ࡣ
ʦ˦ʲôѾûʱ俴ˡ
ͷ۵ıǹƶֻ֮ӲͷƤϡ
£ĸʦƶֻ֮˽꣬˫ͬʱշ䣬˳ȥ
˫ֻٶȺܿ죬еշ仯ϵҵǰеշֱӻ˾޴Ļ򣬳Щѹȥ
Щշ۳ĶܹסǵĹƣȴܵסǵˡ
Щƶշ֮ĸʦܿͻշ谭ֱӽɱҵߡ
֮£һ֣㽫ǽٴζ˳ֱǽߵ껯ǧӰһ¶סǸѪկʦȥ·ֱͭǮʣµʦȥ
ˣҲҸʦֻƾϵתŲѰһ͵Ϯǣûκε֫ӴһǾͻմȾµĹƶ
ڣʦǻϪȣΪǲ࣬ƴҶʱڲûʲôΣգʦĽбƵĲϺˡ
ڶԸʦʱҳŻϪӵķһۣΪηıǴˣһֱڷΧĶҿǻϪЩëʬϵɫĩƺãЩʬķӦʼĳٶˣһʼһȥԶҲֻ׵ľ롣
ЩѪկ˱׷絶ЩëʬͿ
ΣǺëʬéʯͷֳӲ޷˵ķֺ浶ľˡ
ͨĽʬɵǹ룬˵ëʬˣͭƤǡ
կĹƶ֮˵ŪĺëʬҲǺһġ
ͽҵרɽ
ΪҵĽеһ˿˿ԺʱͻȻ䣬ҿһʼϪɫķĩĺëʬȻת˷򣬳߶


1411 ͻȻ
һʼһΪϪЩɫĩֻǺëʬжĳٻȴû뵽ЩɫķĩȻܹסëʬʱ꣬˹ȻǷĩ֮кһϸСĹƳ棬ǺëʬУӶסˡ
ֶΣʵҺȻ棬׹֮ǹġ
㷨ţÿһϵͳһ棬еһ磬ǶʮֿɲĴڡ
ɫĩƵĺëʬ֮˹ҵлЩҵġ
կʦƴʱҽéɽٴ˳ҡΣϣһεסǺëʬȨȻһΣǺëʬéɽƿأǳٶҲޱѸݣղŻֹƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ֶ˼ǻϪӿסĺëʬһͬΧҵС
ǻϪֻǽëʬɫĩƣоʱԼŹȳºˣܱĸΧҵĹկĴϣڱéɽƵĺëʬʱ꣬ټǻϪӻܲʱ׼ֵĹկĹʦǣҸоôҶûʲôʤˡ
иص㣬ǱǵԽǿҾԽǿƵ·Ҷ֪ԼжǱ
Ĺؼʱ̣ҲòٴοٵĴ߶еٵ澭󽫵֮зӡǿͷ˳
Ҷǿʱ򣬺߻ħԴһΣѦλүӸµ˵֮ѾܹʼˣֻҪͬʱޣұ㲻߻ħһͷųҵΪ˲͵õǿҲѸٵ˺ɫɷâ
Ȼ䣬Ҹо֮г޷йٶȻǹϣ
Ժ֮һƬʼŭ˿ֻ̣һ֣Ǿɱ
ɱɱɱ
еͭǮһʱâɫ磬ڶ̾ڣͭǮѿ˼ʮöͭǮǰһϵϴȥ
źܽһֱڲϵĲͭǮٵķѿǰһһ㳯һԶȥ
ȻͭǮɢȥģȥǰĹȴ޷㿪һɢͭǮʱ㱻öͭǮУһƺߣ㵹˳ȥڵء
Աߵһϼͬ鱻Ҵڵأʱŭɶе絶ֱӳҲϿ˿̵ҳֿȭѾɱۣҲͲƽʲôƲƶˣƾżһ־ץסǴϵӣؿĳһƣǴϷӦҲʱһֺֻâҶƴһơ
һƿƣǾ˵֮ǿļӳ֣ݿ࣬Ʋɵ˲䣬ǴϱԺһƣһʱͻȻоϴһĴʹȻǴҵһƣ϶մȾ˹ƶģһƹȥ֮󣬷Ǵֱӱұ˳ȥץӵֻﻹץһϱۣһƹȥֱӽǴϵֱ۸ĳһ
һƣǴϿ϶ǻˣݺԵڶʱڱ㽫澭ȫϣҲһŽ
˿̵ҲùȥǼһйƶһƹұͣһĴʹֹ꣬Ƭֶֻ̣ĳ죬Ҳϵĳӵķӹȥ
ܿ죬ֱֻ۾ʧȥ֪
ǻϪӴ߰˾߱ƵĺëʬѾ˹

һֱֻʧȥ֪ƶӦúܿҪɢȫɣ
ҸоʱĿڴͻȻоһɱϢȻٵߵҵӴǺâܿˣֽҲ֪
ǧƣܵƶ˺ʱ򣬹ҽˡ
һȻҳ˹ƶа취ҽġ
СҲһǴ
Ƭ̵ĹǼ߱ϪӿƵĺëʬȻҵĽǰһ֣ڸϲĽٴԾȻҵС
˷ˮۣŽӭЩëʬͻϪ˹ȥ
Ѿôηˣ˹ǧȫԸҽǻ¸ë
Ž꣬һ·ɱȥЩëʬͨıȻ˲ǵķֺǴʱ˿̣һܵǿļӳ֣Ȼ޼᲻ݣЩëʬһ֮¾͸룬Եڵء


1412 嶾
˿Ѿɱ۵ңŽһ·ֱײƲɵЩëʬҵĽ֮£ͱĲһһȥܽն룬Щ۵ĹկĹʦûմˣҪŹ͵ϮңҺܿʶƣһнȥʱ䵹Ѫ֮С
һ·֮ϣҿľߺëʬɱ߰˸կĺӣŸǻϪصײһ
Ѿɱ˹կƲ°ˣϵҵĽ¡
Ϫӿ϶飬ƱҪ
һұǻϪӲӲĶƴ˼УǻϪӵĹõʮֵ꣬ɨϴգ֪ǹϱȻйƣĹƱȻʮȴҲ֪ǧܲܽ⣬Ҳ̫⣬֫϶ǻϪӵĹ
⼸ͣǻϪҲЩԲסұƵĲϺˡ
ղŸƴʦ˹һͬսţŻǻϪӵѹ
կĹʦĴϵĶҷŹơ
Ҿ;Ľ»죬Ƴ涼˹ЩƳܶ㣬㲻ľЩƳҧһڱǣҲ˲ˣǧĴҿٵĽЩƶҵӰ졣
ҸϪӻǼսΪҵʱȻ䣬ͻȻЩ̫Ծʲô˳ҵĽҴϣҷӦǶҴϺݺݵҧһڣҾ;ôȴһɴʹһȾʧȥ֪
ͻȻһ٣ؿڴһѪȻǻϪӵĹȱݺݵɨҵϣֱӴ˳ȥ
ҵתշȻص˵ϡ
ڵ֮󣬵һоۣľ
˫ȷ飬ȻӶˣʧȥһ֪
ҵԴ죬о֮ҼȥһɲǣͻȻһҵؿڴǸǻ߲ʰ쵴ĻƤ档
ղҴҧһڣȫʧȥ֪
˵ЩԾһˣһֱûע⵽ƤĴڣԭСȻڰһֱһ͵ϮңǼڸղŵһѳΧĹƳ֮УǻϪĹƣǧ־ûҳҽơ
ֻſؿڴĻƤ֮⣬һկĴ絶һɱĳұ
ˡο϶Сˡ
կĴϱߣҶʱǰһֱӻ˹ȥ
оһƬڰԼԺкһֱһʶڲϵĸҽйͨҴޱߵĺڰ֮ʶʼۣԺ֮жʱγһӰԭڵֻǧڽҡ
ǧƸҲҪҶҪ۾װ취ҽǻƤµĹơ
ǧƱжʶĹȻҾܸоٵߣҲʼĻָһЩ֪
΢һӣָãŷҴ˿Ѿ廨ˣӻһһε²
ҽ۾һ϶۽ǵ⳯һƲȥſ˿Ѿһϣĸկļ́ţλƵĳǰš
ӵһ࣬йկʦͻϪӡ
סСӸղɱկôˣΪʲôֱɱկ˱𣿡һǻϪӵ
ΪɱôˣŲôʹʹˣͲ󣬿һտΪղŸеʱܹоżʮֿ¶ǿɱ̫˷ˣأǻϪɭɭЦ
ˣʦ˼Сι嶾嶾ܹСϵԺûٸǹկˡǴϵ
㻹̫Ƶ嶾ѾЩˣһֱδͣ嶾ܹܴٳɴ¡һ嶾ɣ˵ʲôѪկһصĴһҲ޻ءϪӵ
ʵʦȫǴϹЦ
˵Щñ˶в⺧Ȼ꣬嶾ʲô⣿ǻϪӵ˼Ҫιơ
ʱǴϳҿһۣЩǵ˵ףСôͣµĹưɣǵĺ¶
ģղűƤҧһڣƤµĹƣе񾭣֮ڶᴦһ̱״̬ǲѹģܿҪι嶾ˣʲô˻


1413 կӴ
ǻϪг˵ţǶǻƤʮţ˵԰ȣûзһֻǧƵĴڣǧѾ취ҽǻƤҵµĹƶˡ
ڣ֪ѾʼĻָʶҲڿٵĸա
ǧ⿪ǵСǻĿԣ˲˵һжʮͨ͸ҪȻҲѹװʲô鶼ûз
ˣҲǻ̻ȻǻϪӸߵһ˵Ҫȥιһʲô嶾Ҳ֪ʲô⣬ӦǸʮֿµĴڡ
Ǹոռһ˻֮С
۾ȥҿկЩȥ·ȥ
Ҳ֪ҴӱǻƤ˹֮󣬵ڻȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ҪǰӦû˲һСʱǡ
һţڵϲɫ
ͻȻ䣬ǰܹһˣԶùĺʲô
ǻҲߵĶ飬һ˵ȫͣ
۾ȥһѪļһ˻Ϫӵǰߴ˵һͨǻϪӺļͬʱһ
ǸѪĹկļһأ˵˼䣬Ȼ͵˵ϣļկ˸ˡ
ʱǻϪŭôô
ףûпѪկ飿һϵ
ѪկѪǹկʹˣѪӸոߣôܻôϮǹկʱϪӵ
Ѫկ˭Ѫկ֪ô۹կķ˶ܻŽġǴֵ
пͬ˵мѣ֮ΪŻףֱСɺͰչ⼸ˣǵһһ֣ڽ϶ŵţˣҾ˵һ˲ôĵӴǹկϪ
ס⡭ǺãǴϳԾ
ϽȥԮɽļƣЩͬǹկɱأлʮĹʦկЩ˿챻ǸɱˣϪ˵ţһ֣Щ˼ӿǰٶȣկ
˵Щٴα˶Ҿ˵ɺΪʲôٳδԭڹկϳ
կ󲿷ȥ׷Ѫӣڲ飬øǳĻᡣ
ǣҪ׷ŻϪӶȥǳ˻һϣ˻ϪӲǣΪǲƫƫҪկأ
п϶бʣкǲ᲻˼ҵİΣն顣
ĿĺȷΪҪկΪ˸㵽ǻƤѡ
ϪӵĻһ䣬կЩ˶ʱӿ˽Ųһ·СųŹկķȥ
ڵϣЩ˵߶һ·ߵֱͷΣµĸо
һ·ϣǧѾǻƤҵµĹƶˣҵ˺ܶ࣬Ŷ˼¸첲ȣһжָ
ˣǰ˰СʱԶԶľͿ˹կǱ߻죬ɱ
кͰչڹկڵĲᣬ֪ɱ˹կˡ
ǻϪһ֣ٴͣ
ԶܵĹկϪӵɫ˼㣬֮󣬻Ϫ˾ϣߵһ˵̣ż˰ȥι嶾˻ԮЩðǹկȫɱ
Ǵһ֣кǼ̧ҵˣСȥ
ϪŴԮկ
ŻϪӴźƺƵüٿӹկ˻ȥﻹЩǣ֪Ǽ˵ܲܳס
⻨Ϫ̫ˣһֱûгԹңҲİ㡣
ԼԹ˲ϾҲ˲ˡ
Ǹ̵ĴϴĸѪկ˻֣һƬïܵӣһ·СУҲ֪Ҵʲôطȥ
˵ʵﻹʮֿ־ģʲô嶾⼸֣͹ˡ
Żһֽţһлָܲڼ嶾֮ǰܲӳ⼸˵˳㽫ǰ⼸˶ɱˣȻٻԮǡ
Ƶļ嶾ʱ򣬼Ӷûа취ˡ
ЩּֿܵȻǵկİΣ뽫ҴҴι嶾֮Ҳϻȥ֣ûע⵽ߵ춯ѾŴ߶ϵӡ


1414 ҹƳ
Ҵ߶Ҳ̫ԣϾ߻ŹկһϣΪ̫ԣ϶ͱˡ
ȻߵǣҴ߶ͼסȫӵʱȴסҵӻͨȻһƵĶ˺üΣȻѲá
ѺҵЩ˲ܿ죬ʮ֮ǾʹһƬӣǰһɽǾֱɽ𴦶ȥ
ҸоӦôҿҪĿĵˣнŵĲС
ѲۿžҪιˣôզ죿
һҸԼҪ侲ܿұ㿪ʼڵǧƹͨãʱǧƲûңܿȡϵǧƶֱ֣ӽ⼸˸ɱˣҾǱҲùȥιʲôƳǿ֮Ҫ㣬ǹƳһͶġ
Ȼǧ˻ӦҲҵ뷨ͨʶǧƽ˹ͨǧòƲ޳ΪûʲôӦ
ǸɽԽԽڵǧƻҴһֿ־塢˷ܡ飬ҲΪʲô飬Сֳǲϴæ
Щ̧ӣܿǾɽĽǰߵһɽ澹Ȼź۵ʦڰأʦȻһɽģҰ޵Ĵ졣
Ǹ̵Ĵͣŵʦù˵һͨʦ˵ͷǴʦȥ
ҹӦǸ˵ǴʦϪӷԸ飬Ҫι嶾
꣬ҵզôأ
һ뵽ƳˣҪ㣬һҪ˶ϵĸо
˿̼ҲɲңΪұĽģ޷ֺ
һεģұ̧ǺɽȥɽҲһƬһξ룬һȼŵĻڷźĹâЩһ߽ɽ֮У߶ٶȾͷŻܹ࣬ǴصĴϢɽʲôǸеʮηĶڡ
һ·ţʱܹһЩOO@@ϸ΢죬תͷ۾Ƶʱ򣬷ɽǽкܶ඾棬򼡢ڻѣҽвĶ棬ϻߡ˿˿ӵ죬⶯̫ˡ
̧ӵĹ⾰Ȼ䣬ɽ֮е¶ͻȻ½˺ܶ࣬ð˿˿ĺ֮⣬һŵһȳ֮ԽǰߣɳζԽţʱһͷ̶ӬĹһ㣬ֻܼţǼװ
ǰһξ룬ǵĽŲͻȻŻȻһӶ죬Ȼһ죬źһصĴűˡ
ǴŴ򿪵ͬʱұ˵ϣЩկ˱ʼ⿪ϵһһڻУһǽҵֽȫ⿪ʱҾͱѣЩȫɱ
ȻߵǣЩһֻǽҴӵϷֻǽһֵĽҵ˫ֺ˫š
һ£ѲһҲܵ˼ơ
꣬ȴŵĺ嶾ϳҪǱȥĻлĻᡣ
װѾǲˡ
ʱǴĿǸǼù˵˼仰ЩʼסҵֽţҪǴźȥ
һȻ۾˫ŷһ½ҵǸ˵ŷ˳ȥЩȫһֱӽҶ˵ϡ
ҵͻȻѣЩŵĲᣬ֪嶾ڣҲ汳ģ󺰴Ҫ嶾ѣЩһôˡ
ôһǴϺܿ͹סҵͣȻһȺסң¼˵ͽҶŵĺ档
ҵصأǱߴѾ˳صţŲҴҵ뿪ȻҲʮηĶ
ûɵģҸһбһ޶˵Ŀֲȫ͸ǣ˱ǣֲ̿ĳܿһۣһ䲻ĶңԼʮƽңҵһһ裬ںȼš
Ż⣬ϸĴһۣⶴҵһðźĳӣǳ֮виָĶ˳Ҹոյã㿴˼棬ֻɫĴڻص߶мֻЫߡ
Ƭ֮󣬴ǳð˼ܴݣཹཡ졭
дһҪ


1415 Ҫ
ǳðݣཹཡ죬ҲҲһˡһһĭ
ǳ﾿Ǹʲô
ھ֮࣬ӣŲ壬ǽǿ˹ȥǳԽԶԽãǳӸһֺǲԤС
ҵֽûбסʲôҶиһսƫƫǶˣΪҲȫסˣֽܹţҲԼ޷Ҳ֪ĸȱ¹һʼоôһ⡣
ﺮɭɭĺϴðݵ첻ϵıƵҲϵߣཹཡܿͳһࡱ졣
ⵥƵҽŵ˼㣬ϵĽȥǺǱĶڣҵ壬Ҹо͸ĵĺ
ĿһֱðźĳӣƬֻ֮áһ춯ǳˮʱŽһأҸǳӵľЩԶҲǳˮŽһЩˮǹһ֮ȴ𣬱ˮŽĵطʱСȻĽһƬ
۵һٴεһ
ҷӦǳӻ¶һԴԴͷɲСҿʱŵͶŴˣһȭͷȥôʲôôһԴֻ۾Ĺĵģתͣɫģ⡣
ԴһһĴӳðȻӾʹˮֶ֮ȥ
һֵ̿Ŀţ˳һԴ֮⣬һ˫Ыһǯӣ˫ǯ滹кܶһĸ㣬һţͣĻζţ̫ôˡ
ζȻľʹӳ˳ȻֿǱڻһϸһߵβͣϵ˦˦ȥ
ڵϴûмƳ֮⣬Ҳࡣ
һϸóֵ
ǣⶫôڶĳҵǰ
嶾Դĸ㣬ڻϸЫӵĴǯжߵβһֶƴ岻
ӳﻺ˳ζһ˶ԴȻ߿˹ҸĿӣԴˡһºҪըһܹоϴɭɭ⣬϶Ƕˣҵʳ
ǹһſڵϣһֻ㶵Ŀҡ
ҸҶҲҸӣֻϣԱˣûɶȤ˵ܹկȻҵңҾȳȥ
𡢹ʴۡҮգʥĸǣš
ҽһ飬ĶûŹϣܹһҿɲ뱻ˣȻ󵱱Ⱳӻľ̫һЩ
˭񶼲̫ãǹ￴֮ͻȻɡĽһʮ࣬ҵһӾᵽɤۣľͳһۡ
ҿʱþͿǹſѪ죬ͷһһɫĽҺֱҵŶ
ȥһҪ
ʶģұ˫ֵסԴ˳ȥһŴɫҺֱӾҵ˫֮ϣ֮䣬͸壬Ȼһ㣬۵ҲҺ߳
˫ɫҺմȾ˫֣һ˲ͱĺ쳣ȻĳһŧһƬŧܿˣ˳ŵŧѪ
ӦþǻϪ˵嶾ɫҺȻǾ綾ޱȡ
Ǹʴҵ˫֣˫ֵһʴˡ
˫ֿٸõĸоǳܹᣬ۵̾͵˵ϣش
Ȼ嶾ĵĲŹңƬ֮ͻȻһ˫ɫֲͷһ¾סҵ˫ȣ㽫ҳǱ
ҵӾҵⱲӴûһ־ΪǹϾҪҡ
ƺҵĲԸǹͷ;ȻͣȻ˳ͷһڣȥүġ
һȥҵ϶ʱҲһۡ
˲;ðʼ
ʹʱҸоڵǧƺһ£ߵҵ˫֮䣬ʹͼ˲٣ҵֱȻֱ˫ȵķȥ
嶾ĥһȻٴͷסҵ˫ȣ͵һգҵһ˫оͱǹﺬĴ֮С
һ̣ҵֱ޷ˣĺͷϵӿҵ˫Ⱦʹͣһһı̽˺


1416 һ
ߵǣ嶾ʳҵٶȲ죬һһ̣Ƕ۵Ӹһ㣬ҳϱƽĿֲ֪ˣһ类Ϫһȸأ뻹ʹһЩͰһٶȣưСʱ֮Ҷˣʲôûбֳڹ͵쾡ˡ
ҵӻڲϵķԽԽС嶾ղҵɫŨҲãҺܿʧȥȴܹо°ľʹ
һﲻһ߸ʴҵһ߽븹аɡ
ĥҲ֪˶ãҵɤӶˣҲûиɽҡ
ʱУעӲ˽١
죬û뵽ڹկԼСûˡ
˺ҲͲˣһӣʡҵٶȼӿһЩ
͵ǹｫҵ°ȫ̽ȥʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬Ҵȸɳһâһž嶾Դ
һ£ķǶǱģһҵֳǧƣһֱﲻȴ֪ôóˡ
һ嶾Ҫ̽ʱ
ǧƳ嶾ҲûзǧԴ֮ԵĿ嶾һ£ȻͽסˣҲûټʳҡ
˴Լһ֮嶾ٴζƵԽԽ죬ȻͷӿƺҪҴ³
òɤ۲󣬽̽ȥܷѾ³ס
㣬ұߵĿĺ
嶾²ңǧƹֿʼŪ嶾ʮֱ꣬ϵĻζ˶ԴҲ˦˦ȥʱŪͷĿѣۻҡ
Ҳ֪ǧ嶾Դ﾿ЩʲôŻ˿ꡣ
ϵĻζӣҪ³æӣҵȲųһСء
嶾Ѿ۵ֱſڵϲˡ
ЪϢ˺һ嶾ٴδӵҡԴ
ѽҵţҲ֪ϱʲôүΪʲôҪôԴң
Ծͳ˰ɣӲóԣһָ³
˷˺üΣεҶˣ嶾ŽںҸ˳
ҵͷһҵ˫ȶѾݵͣжˣȸܲƵһ֡
嶾³֮ûٴңⲻĶ֮صԾĴУԵʮֵʹ࣬ŵҸϽ˫ŵһⱩ嶾
˺һ³˺ܶŻҿ˵ļͷһ֮ǰӦҲûٳˡ
⧲֮䣬嶾һǹƳ֮УˮŽĵǡ
оƳӦúȥ֮ǹƳ֮бʱһ㣬ϵð˺ܴݣݺֹܿƽϢһָֻ˸ղŵİʲôûзһ
ͻȻʮְֻĹƳ죬쳣
ڽأԴϢҶҸղŵ׾ʲô
ұһ̽ȥһ룬Ȼ˳
ǧƳ嶾ҵʱ򣬴ɳȻ
ᷢʲôҲ֪
ǽٺһѵĿʼ
˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ȴ֪ĺۣ˫ȸ׵˫ҲõĲˡ
һֱҵҲѾ嶾ĶҺȫõõˣҵ˫˫ȫõ˽ѡ
ɶãΪж̫ˡ
Ժ̾͵ͷ˯ȥ۵˯š
˵嶾ĶӦʮҲǣұһɫŨֱӣھȻûб⾿ΪΣ
ѵǧʲôŴүٶֵڷá
һڽ۵޷ȥκ顣
޷ȥϪԼկƴɱǡ
ججĲ֪˶ã۵ѾľʱǳͻȻٴðݣͣԺУҸоиٴδǹƳ֮
ҵѾʼЩ룬ֲڳǸǲ嶾
һ֮ǸѵĴӹƳ˳Ȼ󷭵ڵأҲ֪ǲж̫۾ˣôоδӹƳǸأ
⡭ҵĺ𣿡
һӹƳǱߴ˹
һЩ죬һʱȴ벻˭


1417 ȥָ
һ˻ԴҪǰǸ˭ԽԽģֻԶԶĿһģӰոմӳˤ˵ϣʮʹӣڵϲϵķ
Ƭ̣ǸͻȻٴ˵ҵĺǹƳ𣿸Ͻʶүүүү
˵Ϊ֮һҿʲô嶾Ǳ˹Ƴأ˺һȻһ˵ʶүүүүʲôʱʶկˣôûүү˵
ף˽ʹٴ˵졭콫ǹƳҡҿ쿸סˡ
˵ĿҲûʲô⣬ǵǧ嶾ô˵
һʱ䣬ʸͷ
Ҳ֪ǧȥһҵķӸͨһ¡
ֽϵѾ嶾ϵĶҺʴˣѾֽܹҲʴܶҲǧƹҽϵĹƶ
Һܿ˵еʶǱȥʼǧƵӰ
ܿ죬ҾʹǸڵϷϸӦǧƵϢȥǧƻǸ˵ϣҾˣǧôܵһ˵ϣѵ˵һֱǹƳǧ嶾֮Ȼ˵ڣ
Ѿƽϵˣҵ˫˫ŶŶأǧƸϽҽϵĹƶǡ
ţұߴǧƸϽҽƣСƺʲôЩˣæ˵ٲҾˣʱһ˳ˡ
һвǧƲŴǸӳϷ˹ֱҵڡ
ǧһϣҶʱĿڴһҲΪ֮һ
ܿߵҵ˿ڴʼʳϵĹƶ
ʲôҺǧ˵Ǵ󲹵Ķ˲ĹҾ͸оҵ˺ܶ࣬ҲܹǰĶˡ
ҳǳӲԶȥʱ򣬷ǳԱſһˣһ˿ң»ЩɫŨʮֶģˣϻһЩһŧҲУһʱҲ˵˭
ǧƴϷɹʱ򣬶˶ʲôֽţǸ˻˹ȥ
˹ʮ֮˫ȵĸѾȥ˫ѾõĿҪ¶׹ǵĵطҲʼ³˼⣬ۿɼٶȿʼٵϡ
ˣ֮ǰڸϪӺǼƴʱؿڰһ˿ҲȫˣǧƻĿԡ
ֶΣڱʱҲмʱһСйˣҲǧƸƽģǴûܹһ㡣
ֻһΣǧƵ࣬ҵ˫ֶõ¶ͷˣܹҵ˿ϣȥֶΣ̫ˡ
ֹ˼֮ҾѾܹվϵȫָ޸õƤ֮ǰϸ۹󣬾Ӥļһ㡣
վ֮Żһֽţһжͦõġ
ܿ죬һ飬Ҽǵ嶾̽ȥҰӣ°ȫȥˣ֪Ǽһﻹڲڣһ£ãڣһû١
һûҾ˺
ߵ鴦ˣߵǸǧŪĻȥ˵ߣϸۣ˵ȫŧЩ˵ɫŨҲǴҿ˺һûϳ˭
һ£ұٴιͨǧƣ˵壬Ƚϵŧ˵ⶣǧǧҪɱ֣Һ֪˭
ǧˣֱӴ˳գۼĹǸ˵
Ҷڵϣ꼤˳Ͷ׼˵ԴһҪǸˣʲô۶ӣֱӽԴ
ǧƽ֮󣬼ӲĹ⾰ϵŧͿˣϵƤĺܺã˵ЩϣӦòˡ
ֹƬ̣ϵŧȫˣҴǬ˱һƤףʼһһĽǸϵɫŨǹƶ
ʰĲˣҽǸ˵ֱӷ˹ȻϸĿ˵˿ȥЩ죬ϸһ£ͻȻһ
вɵһæʶǧƹͨϿѹ
⻰ҸշԸȥ˱ƺһ۾ҡ


1418 Ǹ
үӣ겻ôֳԾʵ
Ҹտʼвõʱһˣʱһɳǰҵңȥһ飬˵иСӱĸǸСиүү֪ʲôֶΣĸӵһʱȫ̱ˣһƤ滹ϸСĳߣҽԺƲãȫһغұ㵽СӵļһǾСӵүү˽ŷһʮָĹʦ
ʱһŷ֣ҿү飬ûж¹ƣʱʬԶݶȥȥʲôطҲ֪
ºһүү˵飬үү˵ŷүʶСʱһǼҵ˶ùƣһֱز¶Ҳүүμص֮ƳĶߣһֱǸڵһȵСӵĸĸ˳˫ŷһֱΪ
ҪӱĸŪң⣬ŷүӹһӶùơ
ٴοŷүӣǸеʮֵ⡣
ʣŷү̾ϢһȻ󻺻鿴ȥЩήҲ
һˣûʲôвұ㽫ǧƴŷүӵٻ˳ҵڡ
СһҵʱݷұҲܲϢСһҲЩƣ˰ɡ
ŷһ۴ɳǧƣЩԾ˵ƳǼģҼǵǼǰǸʬģôƣ
ˣƲǼҵģҴһǽġʵص
ŷŵ˵ͷ̾ϢһֵǻԵɺϣϷҿ㣬ֻĹƳ棬ҪȻһӹƾˡ
˵ĻЩɽ֣ٴʵүӣʲôܸܲ˵˵ǰһߣѵկ
ʱ֮󣬱կĸӵܣɱΨһȴң⣬ʱңͶ·ֻö˹ƶĸ˹ƣѪҪ¶ٷ˿϶Ҫ֮£ֻôʬ壬ҹޣһ·Żصϼҡŷһ˵ٴ˻εķߺ֮ɫ
һ㶣ʵկϼң
ţȷ˵ҵϼңһûгʱүүկĴʦҸ׵õүүһУʮʱ򣬳կһˣʶһկ֮ŮˣҵĸףҸĸһ飬կйأկﲻܸկͨ飬Ϊ׵үүĸ׽կӣҸһ֮±ĸȥ˱³أһɽҰСҲҶʮ֪֮顣
ҸĸǸͨ˵һֱʮְȣǵǸ£ңЩ̫ƽҸױ㽫ǹƶ֮ڸңұǲãй¶ݣɱ֮һֱ׵Ľ̻壬Ҷùƶ֮һֱҸ֮ǰŸһأ˵Ǽ置һĴУԺͶ·Ƶ˾ɻǹկڣ˵կڴʡһƬɽ֮УܹƶܲйկеˣһŶ޷룬۶ԷжߵΪֻҪƣǾ·һǽկӣҲӲկʦ׷ɱկǲỶӭ˵ġ
ڣϷ˸׵ĴУ֪νկķӣùƶʬ壬կ֮Уϡ˵ŷһ̾оЩʹļ
ɻû뵽ŷүӾȻһݡ
סǸ߸ڴ帽һԻڰסţ߸ڴסңڸڴǸëĵطȻŷһĹʦ
үӣɶ˵һկ׵ӣǿǵλ󣬽կӦܵǣΪҪɽĳ֮Уˡղ嶾ܵȥˣȲʵ
ʱŷү̧ͷһۣ˵ղ㿴Ǹ嶾ǱģǸҡ
ﲻݣ꣬ʲôЦղһŸԴĸ㣬ߵβ͡ŷȻ˵ղǸҾԴҲ벻ŷүӡ
ҵһٺЦүӣǲЦİǹղŲһͽҸˣͷôôأ


1419 ֻ
Ϸû㿪Ц㿴Ǹ嶾ȷʵң֮ԱģǻϪӺģû뵽ĳȻôݣЫҪŷүҧгݵ˵
ȵȡ⵽ôһ¶ܸܲ˵һôԽԽԺأƵ
ŷĿ©׹⣬渵Ҵʬ壬ո׽̸ҵĹƳ֮һ·ƿϣ˹կ֮УҪڣկ֮󣬱ø׽ҵĹկ˹ͨݣЩһʼţҽҸ׺үүó֮ǿǲȷҵݣһһҵֶΣȷǹկõĺ׹Ŷҷ˽䱸
˵ŷһת㿪ʼЩ˵󣬹կ˱ȥկĴʦϪӣһʼǶһͿģмӣͨĽ̸Ҳ֪⻨ϪһĴжүүڸģҲ˵ϪүүͽܣˣҾ͸оԼǼһ㣬ǻϪҲʮֵѺá
һկû˼ҪܻȵĶɹȴû뵽һԴ˸Ļ֮Уڹկû죬㱻ǻϪ͵͵ڷʳ֮˹ƣҸûзϪӻҶ֣ΪҾûҪң㣬ҾǻϪӵİ㣬
ǻϪʲôҺ
Ϊүүӣ⻨Ϫһֱүүûнеĺ׹иңҰѧĹƶ֮ٸһ顣û뵽⻨ϪӾȻˣһףһףҸе˻Ҫܵ飬֪ҵ³Ҹ˵ˣҲһҧ˵ǻϪĥãʼղ˵㽫ͶŵǹƳ֮УϵĶ¹ƣÿձҳºܶƳ棬󲿷ֶ嶾ƣҵһı仯ʶһģ֮ҾͱɹǸ嶾𡭡ŷٴη߷Ȼ˵
ΪʲôҪ嶾𣿡ֺ
ҪƳ嶾Ҳģȣ嶾˱һ׹ʦ֮ҪȻ֮˸ܲסôĹƶͱЩƶˣΣƵʦ⣬Ƴ嶾Żײгԣ綾ޱȣãұǸˣǻϪӲֻ˭أŷ
˼ôһ˵Ҳ֪ԭί¶ǹģҪŷү׿˵һЩš
Ƭ̣ŷֵʵϪҪҶֻһԭ򡣡
ɶԭ򣿡ʵ
үү֮ǰկĴףν¸أܵկ˰ǰδ׵ĵõΪͳĴУΪկ˵կĴʦģǻϪӱǺģΪҪ׵ݣ˵취¹Ƶġŷֵ
˵⻨ϪȷʵմģȷҲ޺޵˵
һŷͻȻ뵽ʲôһ۵ˣҵĺôܵկֱؽƳضģ
¶Ҫ˵Ǻû˵ҵ±̵ĸŷ˵һĴ徭ŷ档
СӵҲǹʵģƾô˾͸ҹҹկ鷳ǲˣҪûƳ棬ʬ嶼ù˰ɣŷ
˭˵أҪûǧƣҾͱ˼ҸˣҲ̫ˡ˵һһתֵˣղҵʱǹƳԴͽҸ˳Ȼ嶾ֱ˵ģôһ¶
֪ˣǹƣǿŻʳӵеģȻҵʱΪ嶾𣬲ûԼʶҲܹ׵ʱ巢ʲôСƳ϶򵥣ӦǱǵģĺܣʱ嶾ȫĵʳʱ򣬱û͵Ϯ嶾ԴȻʼʳ嶾ڵĶԡ嶾ȫĵĽ䱸֮£ǹƳǲܿģΪ嶾ķʮǿҲСƳ࣬嶾ԿֻҪǿʼ֣ͺñȴߵߴ磬СƳһ취ҲûУǿһ㣬СƳ潫ݱ嶾ҵϵĶһһĲʳˣҲŻָ˵ģ˵ģҪ㣬ҹһӶٱˡ


1420 
ŷүӾⳡʣλһһΪ˵ĸоȻʵҲˣǲԵɺ֮£ҺҴǧƣⱲӶҪǸµ嶾ģ
ͬʱҲǧƵĻǸе˼˵ôڽɽ֮ǰһֿ־˷ܵ㺴ﵽҵ϶ǸӦ嶾Ĵڡ
ôһСȻ֪Ը嶾ȻŻ͵Ϯүģⲻǿô
һ嶾һӽȫ̽ȥǧʧ֣ҵСĽ
ʱŷүͻȻֵֻСƳ׬ˣϪЩΪ˽嶾𣬲֪ιҶ嶾Ƴ棬Щ˶أȫСƳʳһգʱգĵбȻҲøһ˫񡣡
鷢չӣҲʮֻϲƳһ˹կҲǵ˸ˡ
ͻȻ䣬Ҳұɽ֮СʱˣҺŷүӶ֮ΨһͷҪôȥ
ұ㽫һկƴŷү˵һ£˵ŷүüͷ˵׹֮ܣ˷ʤЩѸϪƴ׶༪٣ʲô£ĺǿǻ취ϽȥɱǿɶĻϪӡ
ãҲд⣡˵ţұվܴһۣʱй꣬ɽΧĶڿʵĵģ֪жֻǰһʮֳصţղұ̧ʱ⿴һۣ²а׶񣬹Ҫȥô򵥵顣
ڿŷʱŷںЩ˼˵Һɶϵ·ܲܽһڻƨأûȥ˰
һͷһŷȷʵһ˿ңڵϲ˼Ŀҡ
ҲĽǿͷ¶˳ղ˹ƶʱ˫ͣͽӳſһ鲼
Ҳãؤء
ãϵǬ˱һڣǣҴǬ˱óϴ·ŷһԼҲһס
Ȼ·֮´һۣɫ԰ףźӣŷүӣ廹аɣ
ãֻǽٺЩϢһͺˣϵı»ڣȥһǾͿֶԸϪˡŷ
ӦһȻָǵصŵүӣţܴ𣿡
ŷ˹ȥǺصʯţˡ죬عͷһ˵⡭Ҳ̫һЩаףҿɴ򲻿
üһȻ˶ܵûҪǳȥǲһҲǰ״
ҿǵصţ°˼Ƭ̣ͻȻһʦִǬ˱˳һ˯Ļ찵أó΢΢Ĵҽ䱧кһҡΣʦֲ۾¶һ϶ܲͷĿһۡ
ʦ֣˯ˣϽҽǰǵŸջˣҪȻԺûкöԳˡջŶʦֵ
һ˵ԵĶʦֵ۾һۣһתԴǺصţζһ³շʵӣʾҽڵϡ
ŷûмʦ֣һұϷƵĴʱʮֺĴԾ˵զôöأһǧƣһǬ˱ңŪһޣǴĸģ
ҸҪʦͻȻϡ䡱һһ˲ͻһýˣʱһڸüëоǱһ㡣
Һŷ˼ŶʦԶһЩ
ʦ˼ȻһžͳǺص˹ȥáDuangһ죬ʦ־ͱ˻ײһΰء
ҲΪʦżſֲײҲ֪ôġ
žôһײԵˮʳ
һйãʦڵĿ֮ʯͷջ˵ˣ¶ʦٴγ˹ȥȻһſڣ³һԪԪһСһ¾ײǺص֮ϣһΣŶյĳ죬ˮڵϷ̡죬һŰ̡
ӵĹ⾰ǵصű㱻տһܴĻڣѾܹݵһȥˡ
ҺŷֵƬֱ̣Žȴŷֱ˳ȥ


1421 ֮Ĳ
ǵص֮ҺŷүˣɵøԳһ
һϣǹֵģҼԴǻϪӵ´ɽ֮УҶûһܻų
ò˵컯Ūˣ˾֮أһˡ
֮ұ㽫ʦǬ˱֮УŷүӿһеĶʦ֣סĻޣǿˡǸϽȥʹЩǰɣ˳ϷүүһſڣǻϪӸɱˡ
ҿһŷɫүӣոմ嶾Σ廹аɣһܸܲǻϪƴ
ıǣ˵үүһĺ׹ڸǻϪӵʱȷʵ˼֣ǻϪӻıҶᣬҲᣬΪɵǣϵֻƤ棬Ǳ˼ʮƣʵ׺Ϸկ֮ǰҲһֻƣֻϧڱǻϪӰֻ֮ƱϪӵĻƤˡŷһȻ˵
ϪıֻƤ棬ûƣǻϪӶƴܹʤ㣿ʵ
ŷһ£ŵʤ㲻ҿСΪȫԸҰ֡˵ͻȻʲôֵˣϲһֻո嶾ԵĹƳСҪŵùң㽫ǹƳһã㣬ұ߰˳ɵʤǻϪӡ
ŷ˵£ЩԥҪ˵ŲŷҲ̸ϣҪƳ沢ҵģǴҺֵһǱ߽ģô˼˵ͽȥ
ؼŷүӿǾͨ׹мңǹկǰδʦĵϵˣֻҪǶƵˣ֪ǧǹ֮һӶĶ
֮ĲУ֮ĲޣһŷүӶʲô˼úǧƣٻңôһ
ôһɣ㱻ŷүӿҵ̬ȣҲգǧƲģСһ￪ǣһҵĲǲʱҸǻϪƴʱһԮֱǣʱҵɫųǧƶԸǻƤҲһġ
һ£ֵǧƻ֮ǰǻƤ棬嶾ϵĶ֮ǿ϶ڻƤ֮ˡ
үӡǧơҸҪ˵Щʲôŷһ֣˵ˣɶ˵ˣǸϽȥ˰ɣһ֪ʲô
˵ţŷһȣ첽Ŷȥ
ıӰﻹЩζС֮ĶȾ֮ĸо
Ҳû취ҽ͵ĻᣬڵҲҪСĽϾҸŷĹϵҲ̫졣
ɽ֮п첽Уɽ浽ŵĹƳ棬ȴҲ֪ģǰŷүҲûʲôЩʱĳɢȥóһ·
ҽŷүӵĺ棬ҲûκιƳҿҡ
һ·˼ӣǺܿŶڻаҵľ룬ʱһסŷĸ첲С˵үӣկĳڰضڣһҹȥɱΣ
Ȼŷȴҡҡͷ˵ãկܲɱͱɱô˵Ƕҵˡ
Ƕ㺦ˣ㻹˵Ƶ
ҵֻлϪһˣկ֪һ׵ĺ֮󣬶ҶʮֿڽҹѺ֮󣬻ϪֻǸկѾ뿪ˡԣկ˲֪顭ǰĹկģȻկǾȥˣկҲбԴǻϪ˴֮һжˣǻϪӣկ޹ء
˼ǣʵ
һԻȥȥ˵үүųģ֪֮󣬿϶ٰǻϪˡŷɫ
⿿𣿡ҵǵ
취ԣвͨ㣬㿴Σŷ
ǺðɣͰ˵
˵ţǶ˱㻺ȥŷǰ棬ڿ쵽ڵʱ򣬰ضڵϱӦǵĴڣͬʱ˽߾ۼһѹƳ棬ùݺݵһ仰˵ʲôˡ
һǰվŵŷ֮󣬱ͻȻͱޱȻǶŷΪʲôﲢ֪顣
һŷ滹վһң͸ӳԾˣһٴеģ


1422 ݵİ
£ŷͻȻǰһһ֣ʮֿù˵һͨ
ŷ˵ĹҲҴ֪˵ʲô˼޷ǾǸǽһ£ΪʲôԭԼǻϪ϶ֽš
ŷүߴ˵һͨЩߣλɫ䣬ȻЩţȻҲùŷ˵һͨѯʲôԼͨӵĹ⾰ϱ˴˶һۣͷ˷ΧߵĹƳҲɢȥ
ʱŷүӵɫҲ࣬תͷҵˣѾǽˣǶѾǻϪӵ˵վһߡ
үӣλϿһֱⶴڱߵģǰϪ͵ɽ֪ܲһǻϪӵĸô죿ҵǵ
ɷģϪӽ͵ɽ嶾ʱλϲڣ֮󱻻ϪӰģ˶үүֵ̳ģүүмӣϪ飬ҲоܽܣûϪʦ棬ˡھҪһȥϪӣҽ¸կ˵ŷ
ҵ˵ͷһϣȷʵû˵⣬תȥֱŹկķȥ
һ·ҴҶȥ֮һ˱㿿˹կ
ʱĹկҳһ࣬һŨŨѪζƮɢ˹ֱӣսɻڼկ죬ɱ졣
һկԶһߵأפ㳯濴ȥʱĹկ˱ֳ˺üÿһмʮϰٸկΧߵ˴
ֹۣܲΣߵ˿϶˳˴
Ҷһһڷ֣ϢеϽƯկӵϿգϵɢ⣬˸棬ھ̫ԶҲϽж˭ڣƿ϶ǻϪӾˡ
ǿ϶ǿսãկӵҲ˵ĵ˺ܶ˵ʬ塣
еһһܴʮֲҡ
ڣҵֵǻͦţҸŷҲʱ
ͣƬ֮ŷλ˵һͨģΪӦһܿͱɽ£첽ȥһһߴùﺰʲô
λʦ϶ȰܵģһկﻹɱȺʱ׷ͣŷʱ죬ҵߣһȥ
˵գŷ˲ӣǰĹկȥ
һԥһ£Ÿȥ˵ʵղŸϪӽ֣ҶЩˣ׹˷ʤԲпУǴ˴ιǴսսᣬǽɱһӲҵ۷塣
ڵƽϢֻǱ֮ǰݵİ
һŷĵһȷѪ꣬ͬʱ֪
ŷ˴󵨵ĳǰȥңԵЩţ˫΢ţʱ㽫ǽԱʱ֮衣
֮ǰ֣ͣկߵ˶ͣ֡
˵ĵڳ˽Ŀⶼǵϣ죬Ǹ˻ɻ󲻽ģ϶û뵽˻ͬʱڴ˴
ŷµĳȺȥܶկ˿ù˵ʲôһʮģԴˣŷֻǱ΢Ц΢΢ףǰȥȥķǻϽֵĵط
СŸ硭һϤԵЩӵһഫ˹ţҾͿչһԻλƵ˳лһȻ޹Ļ𾫳
һұ첽˹ȥֽסˣֻǴɨһۣҾ֪ϳʲô״С֮ˣ
û취̫ˡƵٲõֶΣ͸ȫûˣڵشȻսھʣǼˡչ˵ŻӶҵϣѪ߰ߣ˺ۣɫ࣬˹ƶһס˰չļȻץס֣йͨǧƣϽչƶ
ǧƸղ嶾̫ĶأڿĽ׶ΣһС˷Ӧҵָʾͨҵ˰չ֮С
չ˲͸о˲Ծһ𣬱СŸ硭
𼤶أС
չܿʲô˼Ҳǧƣ֪Լ֮С


1423 Ż
㣬Űչŷ󣬼ǰȥвʱһ˳߻λƵ˹ҲѪҲѪһˣһңʱҪ˳ȥһסҲҵԡ
Ķӳ壬ţһֱֵڣǲס
ڵǣ˵ԣΩǧˡ
ǲףҲףҾԶǻҪֲ࣬һͱ嶾ˡ
Ȼȴû뵽ǣǼ֣ȫڴˣϴҲδս֮С
һн֮УһΪЩȣǲһأֲ׹֮Ļս֮УѴȥ
ҴԱŷ󣬼կȥ
вʱǱ㵽˹կλãҲǻϪӵĵ¥ԱߣֻǻϪӵĵ¥ѾΪƽأеΧڲѣԼãղŵǳսжôҡ
һǰһվȽŸеϽ𲧱ȥ˹âջУʱҲſķԭղǾȻֳ
һǻСɺһ°ĸһ𣬹ͬԸϪӡ
һǰչһкկЩϺկĹʦ
ܹڶʱţҲɵģⳡ֮£ȻҪ˸˽ĸΪߵĴһȻɻϽ𲧽ϪӺĸȫϽ𲧵Ľâ֮£һկ˱㹥ϽֵķΧȻ˺ҪٵĻɱǻϪӡ
ǰŻάϽ𲧵ķ󣬶һƵмңƴȫԸǻϪӡ
ֻоĽϪӻɱǲʧȥвȻܳȥԮչǡ
һͲܹƵˣǻϪӵΪ׹֮ԿƿֲұǳĿűͽɽȥι嶾
һǧƸҷʧȥǧƵһ϶ڹƶ֮ûɶˣͻһս
ҲǿǹǻϪӲźߵ֣ͣһ˼ĳ߿
Сš
ŷ
һǺҵģǻзһǻϪӿŷ֮鲻Խ졣
һͣáڡһ죬һŵ°³һѪ˵ϣȻǸղŸǻϪƴʱˣҲпƱϪӸˡ
ǻϪӵǺö˶˵վֻǿŷޱȵ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
ŷǰߣŰչͳ
ǻϪڶݵ֮ĿٴҵϣͬһޱȳԾģ
ƺһһŲ⡭ôܣôһ𣿡
Ϫӣû뵽ɣҲû뵽ôѣӵ˹կڣΪ˱ѣ룬û뵽ȴж˶֣ùƽҿסĥãүүеĺ׹û˵㽫ڹկĹƳ֮У嶾Щ꣬ҹĻجج֪˶ٿȫǰͣʱգұҪүүŻɱݶĶ
˼棬ۺ죬ŷ˵ʱ򣬻ĵȻǶŭ
ŷϪ˵򣬸ղŰɽǸկĴվ˳ŷĻģԭⲻùկ˵һ顣
կ˵֪ϪӾȻǰδʦùƶƣ嶾֮󣬷׷׷˾֮ǻϪӵ񶼱ģȻǻϪˡ
ϪҲǴʦĻʱʧǲҪſڴƻƣȫǺ˵ŷЩկģŷկôˣҪҪǹկأҶҪĻ
⻨Ϫһֱú˵ƺоԣȻùկ˵һ顣
˵Ϫһ˵կ˶ʱͳһǣһֿǻϪӣ֪˭ˡ
ϪӵĻǼɿԵģϾŷǸһ߳ġ
ŷȴһֱ˵û˵ѣֱȫ޸λϱǣǿ֤ȷʵǴǹƳġ


1424 ɫӡ
λկĴȻǻϪӵĸǰιկĴʦͽܣǼ٣Ϊϱվ˳ùԴǵĸկ˽һ飬ȻָָǻϪӣĿʮ
÷룬Ҷ֪˵ʲô϶˵ǻϪСˣǰδʦӡ
ǻϪӳ׵Ļˣٴ˻ߵĸկ˵һͨ
ãվŵĳҷϪ˵ŷλϣһݺġϪӳ˷蹷¶֮󣬼˭ҧ˭
һ֣կЩ˳ȦˣһʱҲ֪˭Ļá
ȦˣкҲͬЩȦǵҲ֪׷ʲô֪ҵ׾ʲô֮󣬾ȻһͷǻϪӵС
Ĺ򣬻кҲȫ˹վһ
ֵĻڣһãȻͻȻҵļС˵Сţʲôأʲô
¶˵ҲûǽͣǰվŵȫԾǵҵһˣүүǰկĴʦҸ˼򵥵Ľ͵
Ȼô˵Ҳ֮ҵֵܶû֮ǰǰˡ
˽֣ŷɫһͻȻǰ˼һ³·¶ųҶһؿڴȻһɫӡǣӡǿȥʮ죬ϸһſӡǾȻ嶾ģ
¶ŵӡ֮ŷ˵կֵܽǣƺˣؿڵӡ嶾Ȼϵ嶾ƵĹѾˣ嶾ӡǻҵؿڣ⻨ϪӶ˺֣嶾ɽ֮ãһۣϸˣ⵽ǲ嶾𣡡
Ҳ֮ǰûзŷؿڴôһйƳصɽ̫ڰԵʣҲпûϸȥ
ŷ֮Щկ˶ʱ׷׳ؿڿȥ
ɫ嶾ӡǣǲġ
һӡǣٴξկ˶ѡŷ
ŷóΪ֤ݳǻϪôҲûˣʱ߳ŭһ˦֣Ƴ㳯ŷĺ󱳴˹
һǻϪǰ֣ҶʱǰһѵŷүӣСģ
ǰȥŷҲоһֱ֣ӽǼƳУǼƳ涼ǳ֮ɫһֻѡһֻЫӣһֻ½֮䣬ǼֻƳչŷ֮УƣŭҿûУ⻨ϪѾ߳ŭˣҪɱңկֻѪկңҪԲ˴ǹկկҲôˣף
ЩȫǸϪ޵ģŷһɿկ˿˻ϪӵĿⶼ⡣
ƨ㡭ҪկӣЩ˶ģҪɱ㣡ϪӴ˱׶ΣĶ໰ʱͻȻͻȻˡ죬ƳЩ϶ǻϪӸġ
һЩկٴɧ׷Ĵ
ʱŷٴδ˵λկֵܽǣŷүүŻɱ⻨Ϫǻټ׷⻨ϪΪŰҲԶҶ֣ŷԲ飬ǲ׷⻨ϪӣǾվһԣ˼޹죬ϷͻϪӱȻһƿҧΪŧѪ֮࣡
ƺЩŷһֱú˵˵ͬʱկĴһֱڷ롣
ŷ˵⼸ĻŰӴ̤ǰһһŻϪӿ
ŷŲŲǰʱÿһߵ
ǻϪɫѾ˼㣬ͻȻ䣬ЩķЦЦգŵŷŷû뵽㱻ѾƳ嶾ۿžҪˣȻܻ߳ΣעҪС
оŻѲк󸣣Ϸ⼸ʱȴܹ죬˵ҲҪұĻᣬɣŷ
Ϊ㲻ɣڽǰҵĻƤ̵ˣҪʲôҪҵϪ۾һУ˫һţ


1425 
ڵЩӣѾһ˼򵥵ĹѰôˣȷе˵Ѿûʲô¶
˹կڲìܣһկĴʦӺʹʦͽ֮ĶԹ
Ȼߵ˻̫˽Ҳ˳ǿʱķɾ裬˵ˣû˵ģôʱƴɱҲЩƣߣÿʱ͸͸Ϣ
ǿǰֹ̫ۣ⼸ˣÿ϶ˣڵһս˺ۣ࣬ѪֹͨĹƶ˵㲻ʲôϾ׶ӣ˲洫ԼԽơ
°ǶԸϪӵϪ֮仹ǴһĲ࣬ڣ°ѪֹȻܵ˼Ϊصˡ
кһԼǸǳ°ģλֵȻû˵ǻϪӵķֺɼ⻨ϪһôѿеӲͷ
ڣɺͻҪǸάֻеǸϽ𲧵ģڿֻЩߣǻϪƴɱֻһ
һҲˣȣԺ࣬ΪֻǧڰԵʣҲûмǧ
ǧƻʮ׽һģ򵥵İչһ壬ȻӰչϷ˳һڣһʼϵİˡ
կˣеע˻ϪӺŷϣҲûע⵽ߣߵ˴붼˵ϣ˻ˣҲǬ˱óѦҲѪĵҩַˣҩ϶λкܺõĻָá
һ֮ŷӮ˱գӮĻⲻ˸ǻϪ֮仹һս
ŷվŻϪʮ׵ĵطϪ˫΢΢ſܹԵĸоΧϢӿĵݣɤ﷢һֵɣܿ죬˵Ķ߱㴫һܼġOO@@죬ĳҲó棬˷۶
뻨Ϫӿ϶˲֪ʲôֶΣկΧصƳ涼˹Ըŷġ
߶һŪկ˵϶ֳʮֵֻ̿ɫĳܿȥҲϵĳΧ߶ȡԽԶԽãҹկҲѾۼΧ϶ǷЩ˷ĹƳ߶ĵ·
կΧԲʮ֪жٹƳ棬һȫ֪Ƕôֲĳ档
Ҳ̸۸飬ҲȫĿŷǻϪӵϡ
׹ʦڶƵĳѵһ˭ҲιĦĻᡣ
Щ˴ƣǶ࿴һЩҲۣܳ˵Ժ󻹻ĹʦʱҲз֮ߡ
䣬ҳɨһۣͻȻַһ⣬ղŻվڲԶɣ֪ȥĴɨһۣҲûзӰ
Ϻ겻֪ڸʲôҵҲõİΣ
Ƭ֮󣬿ֲͻȻˡ
ŻϪɤ﷢Źֵ죬˷ƺƵĹƳӿ˹˳ŹկĿ϶˹
ĹһۣʱŵҵһЩƳ˻һһһ㣬ԴϻдССó죬ÿҲǾͷƤ龰
Ƴ棬ʲôĶУЫӡߡ󡡢½ѡ򼡭ЩܹеģƳδţδɫɫʰ쵡
ЩƶһƬģͽϪӺŷΧһԲʮ׵ԲȦ֮УǻϪӵǰһǽͣ
֮ǰЩƳȥʱһŵãЩƳƺҿˣҪΪһֻǧƵԵʣǧƸոʳ嶾⼸ĶԣɢһЩ֮ϢЩͨĹƳٴУ˱ᡣ
ٻһȺƳĻϪӣʱΪ⣬ŷϺɭɭ˵ŷ㲻ú³شţҪⶼҵģྭӪ˼ʮկӣ߰㣬ɨأ޴棡㿴ûУկԲʮĹƳ棬ȫһ˲ǲʶģһ˶ϵĻᣬ֤ȫʬȻҪҧ֮࣬ιƳ棡


1426 
˵һ¿ôƳ棬˭ȶӴЩƵģͻȻ俴˷ôƳ棬֪ʲôӦԣ˵ЩƳҧһˣǶѻһѹҲܽ˸ѹϪҲƴˣŷһݺӵľУһͷųһС
ôƳһŪһΪ˶ԸŷΪկˣ˭ǹկϴկ˳ǿ󣬼ϪսթǰδʦֵΣֻҪǸģԷַŪǣ
ǻϪġ
ȻֲΣǧĹƳ潫Լƣŷȴ治ɫĲǻ΢΢һ˿Ц⣬ҡҡͷһϪӣͷǲ֪ڸģҲ֪үүôģȻûп͸ȵ˼թıСˣһ׹֮ڸ㣬ãʱүүҲûڣҪȻϷǵһʮεľأ
ŴԣǻϪӶʱŭϵƶšһ𣬿ªϵƤģŭ治ϣǸ϶ûнȫֶζڸңҾ֪Ҿ֪һһֱҵĶʦһֱԼ׵ȥգǸԼַ˶Ϊ׽Ǹ϶
˵УϪһеĹȣЩƳ桰ͬʱŷٵ˹ȥ
ϪҪˣŷסĥôãûʳȻŷȴ˵үүȷʵ˱Ƚļ֣ǻϪܳܵס
ƴòҪŭģо仰˵ĺã嶯ħһӾͲ̫⣬ӶԼжϻֲأһͻʧȥȻ
Ҳ֪ŷǲǹ⼤ŭǻϪӵģҪ˷ִ硣
ôĹƳ泯ԼŷɫڳͻȻһ֣΢΢۾ӭŻϪӶȥϪӵʱʲô촽ͣķһЩֶڣΧĞųٴηȥЩĹƳ棬ͻȻͣ׷׸ŷóһ
ЩƳ澹ȻǻϪӵĺˣȻֱŷסͻȻת˷򣬸ŷңŻϪӵķ˹ȥ
˿һĴʦҲŷүүӦȷʵ˼ûнǻϪӣһʼϪӲٿصЩƳ棬Ȼʱ꣬ŷİ֡
һĻϪӶʱɴ۾ԾܡⲻܡƱҵĹƳˣôܹסܣ
ǻϪٲţҲǷˣŷܹһܹƿǣΪá
ǻƬ̣ǻϪӺܿٴ侲˼һ˦֣㽫ԼƻƤ˳
ǻƤһأһʼҲͿȥȱڻ΢ôһЩɡĽֱܿһСĴС߲ʰ쵵Ķ񣬿һ۶˾ͷƤ飬ſڻϪӵǰ棬еһһЩԭŻϪӷӵĸֹƳ棬ŻƤ׵ķͻȻͣٴһǽ
ȻЩƳǾ»ƤģǸܵ˻Ƥǿ󣬲ǰŲ֡
⻨Ƥĳ֣ûϪ̻һ֡
ǻϪӵɫԷһЩ΢΢ԵЩ⡣
ŷƿǱ⻨ƤˣӮӵлƤĻϪ
ŻƤһ֣ʱ˵ע⡣
дյҵߣСʵСţǸŲɫĹǴ˵еĻƤ棬ܹС˵
ҵ˵ͷСػصӦþˣ֮ǰϪӽ֣ǻƤİ㣬ȷʵͦġ
Լţ۾һУ˼ģǱŻҪǻƤ㵽֡
ʱϻɱҶǻƤɲģֻҪһ㣬ˣ¶ǵýŷ
ͬʱ˵һ˰죬ĸ˶ԸϪôãǻϪӶûнǻƤųʲôЦŰأ
ǻϪӾ⼸˸ͲֵöûƤԸ
ôһĹ򣬻ϪӺŷǱִ춯
Ƥʹ£ЩŻϪĹƳ棬ֳŷ˹ȥʹһȺƳֱӴȺܣƳһ˲ͬʱҧ


1427 
ⳡ棬׳۵ĿԣǻҧĶԴ࣬׻Ƶģߵ춯ٴεǵעʱֹͣ˽̸Ǳ߿ȥ
ϪӶˣǻƤͷŷٵ˹ȥߵĹƳһ˷ŷһ֣Ϣ֮䣬϶ʱһ絶ɵУΪͨ絶ŷҲӿ˽ŲŻϪӶȥ
ŷɫʮأŲԽԽ죬ܷĹƳҲżӿٶȡ
֮䣬಻ףϪӵƤһ죬һڶҺͳŷ˹ŷһԾ𣬰΢΢һȥǻƤһڶҺ絶˳£ŻϪӵԴϿȥ
ǻϪҲǳصģܿ;еĹȣסŷһ
顱һ죬˵ķײһðһŻӡ
ԽսԽ£ʱһ𣬴ѷᡣ
ǻƤڿ߻սĹƳͬʱʱʱ˵ս֮䣬żЩ߶Һ͵Ϯŷŷ˺ܴ谭üΣҶŷܵǻƤĸţЩǻϪӴˡ
ϾûԼƣŷʧȥұһ㣬ǻϪƴҲЩš
ҪǰȥҸоտܵŷ
ΪûƣһǸոմ嶾ΣǴ󲡳һ͸ϪĺݽɫУʵ̫ա
ҿĵʱ򣬼˴Ӻһӣŵһһ
δͷһС˵СŸ磬ҡ
զˣʵ
ҷһ⣬ǧƸȥһ⣬оȫһˣܸ࣬оɢǿϢָɣôһ¶һ
Ŷ˵¶ǧƸҳȥһˣʳ˻Ϫһ嶾Ķԣָˡҵ
ҵţ⾿ʲôǧƸܼһٶжûһ˿ȥС죬ͳӣ̫ˡҪȻһʱ䣿һЦ˵
СʲôأҲǻԵɺϣǧƾǸ˾Ϊʳ嶾ĶԣͽҸˣǲ֪ΪǧƣǴӹŹ˺üأһͱ嶾ˣ뻹µĲСƵ
һ˱ˣٺٵɵЦ
˵һôһѣͻȻһһСһ£ܷǧƽŷһãҪŷˣľǡ
һ붼ûֱӾʹӦ˵û⡣
ұͲŷǧƣˣ
ʲôµģǧǿǵģ֪˭֮ǰһɵеʱᵣģڵǧƿҵĵУ͸Ϊˡһг˵
㻹Ÿʲô콫ǧƸŷү͹ȥҴߴٵ
ϡһ˵ţһؿڣ۾΢΢һգǧƱһƨɺ˳
һɫһ˫סƨɣֻŰԵõǧƣֳӣ㿾˳ˣ
ǧƸһᣬֱһ·ͷɣƳм䣬֮Ϣֱŷķȥ
һĴӵ۵ģҾ;úЦЦŸһ˵һ֣ǧΪɶϲĺų
һʱ߷ѵ˵ĳӣϣ۸ңҾˣôʹסһʵ۸ûˡ
˵ǧ֮ǰҲ۸ţŻһ٣ʱ㲻ˡ
һȷʵ۸һЩҲǧƸʾ׽һ
ǧƷɳȥ֮󣬱û˳溣֮УСϢоһͨĹƳ棬ҪϢȫͷųҪǻƤ࣬ⷭڵĳ溣һֻƳҲˡ
һǧӦõŷ߰ɣǻϪӵƴԾڰȻĽ׶Σǲɿ
˽ʮغϣǽֳ߿ƶ˹ֻƤܿҲ˹
ͻȻ䣬ŷƨɺðһ̣Яһֳӷ˳ֱŻƤ˹ȥ
ȥǧƳЧҷŷȻҲһ죬һֱ쵽˲Ӹ
Ϊؼʱ̵ˣǧڿʼԸǻƤˣһ


1428 ǹ
֪ǧǻƤ
ĵһˣǧЯһɰ̣ŷĺűֱӷɱƤ棬ߵͬʱһҲĽ
ǻϪӺŷҲʮԶһжķǧһ֣ʱչֳ֮֮ϢһչֳǻϪӴһæ𣬾ǿΪµһ
˲ŤӲͷ˳ͣһû˵
ЩկĹҲʶģһǧƣķһ֮
ǧƵϢһ˲˼£һԭӵϵĳݿ࣬ƲɵЩͨĹƳһܵǧƵϢʱŵĻ糱ˮһ㳯ŹկĴӴܡ
ҲգۼĹЩڻɱĹƳ棬ܿûӰ
ϵĳ˵ʬ֮⣬Ƴѵʬ壬ضǣŵһҲûˡ
ʱǧƣһ㵭ӫ⣬ǰҹеө棬Ľӣǹһ㣬ûʱǧƾô䡣
СֳװҲ̾Ϊֹ
װҸʮŷ֣һٷֵģһ֣
˼ǣǻƤһСֳӣһʼûзӦֻƤ΢΢һ̧ЩмҲգۼĹǻƤҲŵǡۡһУԭرϸߣɫĶһʱͣѿҺɽ˲ԶһϣǴʱٵĿήȥ͵Ҷήƣ׷׻һء
ȥƤҲǹġ
ǧƹȻװװĺܵص˵һҲʤѷ֡
ãǻϪӲŻһͶĲˣ⡭㡭ƲҵĻƤôһֻôƣ
ŷ΢΢һЦ߿һۣǸм֮ɫŵװȵͲ֪˰ɣƳ֮ΪǧƣүүҸ׵ģҸִҵģǹկǧʥֻүүһӣʥ֪ʵһֱϣֻûзְˡ
˻һ˵ǻϪӱ߽ӣ쳤Хʦʦ̫ƫˣƣΪʲôңΪʲô
üһŷûǻϪأҪ׽Ľࡣ
ǻϪ˼ܿͻŷӶ˼֣Щҧгݵ˵úúãǧΣ⻨ƤԴһѾһӵĵУ֪˶ٹﶾƤ汾亱еĹභ˭˭ӮһأСϣֳӣ
˵ڻϪӵĴߴ£ǻƤʱ͵ĵͷʮ־ĳŲϷš8ǧƿ˹ȥ
ǧһֱһطǻƤ泯˹ȥ
ǻƤǧƻаҵĵطʱ򣬻ƤͻȻһѪĳͷǧ̽˹ȥ
ͷ³ٶȼ죬һ㣬ȱڻӵٶȻҪࡣ
ǧƵҲܹǰ֪ǻƤĶһ㣬һӱ˹ȥ
ǧһΣ͵ǻƤıȻѵˮһ㣬˻Ƥĺϣܿٴη
ǧϵĶҺνǾ綾ޱȣҧһڣ϶û
ǻƤȻǧƶҧһڣȴûʲô¶һ㣬ٷתӣǧƣٵͷ
Ҳʲô
תͷһһֻͷ˵ǻҪࡣʱ򣬱°Сĸ˵ϪӵĻƤ棬ȫǺۼףְһ㣬ǧ䶾ȴ޷Ƥ𲻵̫ã⻨ƤܹΪõƣΪѱĹƳͻơ
⻨ƤʲôûУҺ
СҲѣƤ۾ǧܹ۾¹ƣǻƤ϶мܲס°ֵ
ӦһһһļСûУǧƣƤ۾
һĬȻĵ˵ͷ΢΢һ۾ܿˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵˷Ըǧƶʱı˽ķ򣬿ʼΧǻƤԴλǧ˵ѣƤͷٶ̫ˣǧڹƤʱǻƤ湥ʱ򣬶ǧƵΣԺܴʱ˻ƤĹΧ֮ڡ


1429 ǧ
ǧƸͷȴ涾ޱȣϪӵǻƤȣźܴ⣬ǻƤҲǻϪһӵƣ䶾Ҳʮֲֿ
⻨Ƥ滹һص㣬˺ۼףְһ㣬ǧƸûʲôѰΨн˫ۣ¹ƣΨһսʤ;
ϪûƤƣпܱǿ˻Ƥְһۼס
ǧƲϻζΣڻƤǰȥǻƤǻƤͷ²磬ǧƸ޷֡
󶾹ƴ˵ĿⱻϣŲ
նʱޱȣ˸ҴϢ
ƶĲɿ֮ʱǻϪͻȻ̧ͷŷһۣһ˦֣Ǽ泯˦˹ȥǳŷǧƵʱҪû͵Ϯ
ŷǻϪҲûзһ֣ŷͷӦ˹һֱ֣ӽϪ˦ƳֱӽС
ɣŷһǻϪӱŹȳŷ˹
ƣϸ˵ǹһģڹڣ˻Ͼʣ°ЩΪǳģ֮ԼҲпС
ܹˣ޲Ϊ֮
ǧǸκһ˵ƣܼƣһҲ˵ǧƵ
ԣǻϪӽŷɱˣǧ˵Ҳû˿Ӱ졣
˶ԷأƳභһʱѷ£Ƶִѷᡣ
Ǽ˵ĿⲢû̫ŷǻϪӣҪľǷǧƺͻƤϡ
ƶʮӣһֱ˾ĵĿԡ
ڴʱͻȻ䣬ǧҵһһΣֱԼٶȳǻƤ۾˹ȥ
޲ɴ۾뷢һ
ۿǧƾ˻Ƥ۾ϣûǣǧƺƤͻȻֱӽǧƸƤ֮䡣
Ȼ˻û׹ôһ¶ǻƤĳͷһֱӱͷסȻͽ˻Ƥ
ҿʲô
ΣȫһһҲһץסҵļЩŵ˵⡭ôܣǻƤôǧơ
һţڳ޲ǶԻƤ汧ĵϣǧƿ϶ܹʤ˭Ҳû뵽Ŀ֮£Ƥֱӽǧͽ˴ٵľ׽˼£ֱͽ˶Ƥ档
߷ıʣǻϪҲɵĻϲһ߼ӿ˹ŷĹƣһԵôЦŷ϶ҲˣƵĻƤǰǲһ
ŷҲɫһ䣬ȻЩ̫ǰ顣
ǧȻƤˣŷûܵʲôӰ죬ɸǻϪƴɱأԾƬ̣ǻϪͻȻ͸о󲻶Ծˣֵƶûˣôö˶˵ģ
˵䣬˱㿴ſڵϵĻƤ棬ͻȻԭȻ󷢳һʹġۡĽ۵ڵϲͣķϵҲʼһһС
ʲô
ʱ򣬵ߵ°ͻȻһĴȣϲ˵֪ô¶ˣǧܽ˻ƤĶĶ˹ƣƤڵĽṹǱһƣǻƤˣССĹƳ滹Ǵĺܰ
ԭǧƲûбƤ̵ǹܵĶƤ¹ơ
Ľͣȫһ
ץҸ첲һҲϲԽ
߻Ƥ汻ǧƸʰˣƤǻϪӵƣƤһˣǻϪӿ϶ܵĪӰ졣
ͻȻ䣬ǻϪһҺߣŷһ߷˳ȥ˵ϡ
ǻϪӵɫʮѿһſڣһѪ
⡭ôܡƤǲġڣǻϪҲԸܻƤѾòҰܵʵ
ˣɣŷ˼ֱǻϪӶȥ
ǻϪӼƤȴ˱־ܣһʹֱӷ𣬳կһӴܶȥ
˿̣ǻϪĲرģĵǻƤ棬⻨Ƥ汻ǧƸŪˣ޷ٸѦСˣǱһһϽǧ֣ͣɱ˻Ƥ棡


1430 յ
һҲ֪⻨ƤҪԣկҪĿıǵ⻨ƤѦСˣѦҸܼҵĹϵҲһ㣬ҶҪǣѦС߼ҶܼжҪѦңһ˵Ѿˡ
˵һæͨǧƣҪǧ̫̰ԣֱӽǻƤŪһ⣬һҪһˡ
ͨǧ֮һкˡһȫǻƤķȥ
ǱǻƤͬʱǻϪҲһٵڣĵӴܶȥȻԼ˼ʮĻƤҲܲˣǻƤȣ϶ǾԼҪࡣ
Ȼû뵽ǣǻϪӴܵʱ򣬾ȻŶסȥ·Щկ˶֣ǵЩկӵ˻֣Щ˶Ҫ·ˡ
һѺɫķĩʱ±ʮ˹կ˵Ƕ֮£ʹڵϷһɸõĳЩҲ׶༪١
⻨ϪǹݵģǸͬôˣҲ˵ɱɱ
ŷŭߣ
˵ţŷҲһΣֱӾ׷˹ȥ
կЩһǻϪӶԼҲ˺֣Ǽ϶ʱҲŭæкˣһͬȥ׷ɱǻϪӡ
ߵҲܣ׷ǻƤĽǰ
ǻƤ˿Ѿָ˰ƴСһţɫ΢΢Ӧǻš
һ⻨ƤչԼǰһŵõĶҲЩ
£ֱȥץǻƤ棬;Уȴһֻץסͷһ°һ㶣ʵҪɶ
ᣬֻҪ㣬⻨ƤȻǧƿסˣɾ綾ޱȣȥ㲻ˡ°
ҲһƬģҺܿж˷Щ˼˵ǡǸզ
Ϸһֻң㽫⻨Ƥװǡ˵ţ°ݸһƤӣƤŪĴӣֽ˹л⡣
ʱһ㽫ǧƴӻƤٻ˳ǻƤһ죬ǧƾͷ˳
룬ǧһƤһҪһȥһﲻûһģҾͷæƤס֣һץסǻƤ棬˿ڣֱǬ˱֮С
⻨Ƥҵģ˭ߣѽڵˣ̤ʵ
ʱҲųǧƿȥСƺһȦɶҲЩλƣһһӰ
ΣǧƵûߺ档
ҿһһһǧǲ׬ˣϪӵĻƤϵĶ˲١
һĵ˵ͷ˵ǧ׬ˣָĳɵĵУֻϧǧƲûн⻨ƤĶȫߣҪȻָܹɣǧƵ˼ǣһ⻨ƤĶرɾˣ⻨ƤҲͲԶˡ
˿ǧƻĵģ֪Ϊ롣
ѶǧҲ֣лϲ
˵ľһˣһθǧƿνǾ㷹Ψһеõǣǧһô඾ҺҪһӣúһ²С
ѽԭСҵĶʦֺСȶһ·һʲôöҪϢһʱ䡣
Ҳã鶼ˣҲòǧˡ
ڴʱͻȻӹկܣһǿҵĞųʱٴ˵Ķгܿһۣʲôиֹ˰ɣ
ߣһȥ˸Ҳ£ڹկһģû˻ƤĻϪӣûϻ磬ǾʹˮֱӽǻϪӸɱˣΪСŮѱѩޣҳ
ҵܿõ˵һͬǴһһŻϪܵķ׷˹ȥ
вʱկӵΧǿǱΧһȺˣǹկˡ
òײż˽ȥʱĻϪӣñկŷΧ
ڻϪӵԶзƮֱӵס˻Ϫӵȥ·
һЩƮķģҶʱЦ̫ϤˣɲķϵϪӿ϶ܶӣկΧú˷󣬶סǻϪӵȥ·ġ
ȼ֮
ҵҪӣһ˹ɱǵһࡣ


1431 
֮󣬳˸ۣһʮֵģ
˷׷׿˴ĴָʾԵ塣
Ϫӻ̿ޱȣĹһȦһαΧһˮйͨӡ
ŷһεľ絶˵Ϫӣǽƣͷˣһ˶ϵĻᣬɱϷ򶼾Լ֣
ǻϪӵĻƤ汻ǧˣǻϪӴ˿Ҳòȥ³˼ѪԵò࣬ĹһȦЦɫٴαӪһӵĹկаŷɥ̸֮ɫĹկȴҪҪӵƽʱҲΪʲôҪôң
ϪӡⶼӦã㣬կҲ䲻˽أȥҴʦȥɡ
ʱ򣬹կһվ˳һ絶ͳŻϪӿ˹ȥ
ǻϪӵһ˲ͱޱȶվһۿǴϵ絶ҪϵʱһſڣǴϵһŨ̵
ǴһӣǿŨ̵ĲϣһڶǴϲҽһ˵ϣס˲ӣڵʹķ
һ̣ǻϪͻȻſ˵ϣ϶ʱһʮֲֿϢ
ȸо˲ԣֱкһ˵ãҪŪ۶ӣ
˵䣬һ֣㽫˳˵һл㾦Ҵ߶𣬽֮һɫĹֱŻϪӴ˹ȥ
Ҵ߶ʱЩֵҲ׷׽Լķ˳ƾҪǻϪӵк
˵ֶǻϪӵϣֲһĻͷˡ
ǻϪĵգۼͱһģ
ϵӱʹ島ķֱ¶˹壬ͻȻһӾȭͷСĸҲ﷢һɡ졣
գۼĹ⻨ϪӺһ޴󡣬ȫǴССɫŧ
һл㾦ȥǱĻϪӣʱһԾ𣬶һл㾦ֱӳ˹
һɫĹ˵ϣһĥ̴ӡ
ãƣҪˣһ㿪°ģĻϪӣľ𣬳һԵĶӳһѣܿ쵲˵ǰͷ
ȥһΪ⻨Ϫŷĸ󡹦أԭƣ֮ǰǸʲôѪӲʹһ
°ٴһ㣬Ҳ֪֮ĻϪӲǣ׷ȥ
ǳ°һŹֵӡȻһ˦֣һƬϷֱǱĻϪӶȥ
Щӳ°ϷɳһʱҲж٣ԴԴϣ޾ֱӽΧҿٵתȦӣǽǻϪӻɵסˡ
ֶҲΪˡ
ˣʱͻȻܲŲסãҪ취ŪŲУ
ҿһæ˵һϽǧƷųĳɵˣ϶󡡣һȴղҲǸ˵ôǧѾߣǸոճߣóһʱڿ϶ǽв
˸ߵģû뵽ǻϪӾȻˣһ֣øǧƳߵʱҪһͺˡ
ʱ˵ʲôˣһҧϵϻǸҹڻǲ󣬿ס󡣬һϽλϹǰ׺ɱţ˸˺รɣ
߻δ䣬ͻȻһƺߣ°һѪЩɫĺ׷״Ӱ֮еƬƬȥ
ǳų°ȥʱ򣬵Ѿ˵ϡ
֮ǰǻϪƴʱѾˣҿȥͦصģֵ˵ǰԸǻϪӻɵ󡣬ȻǱ˹
ҴŻкɿ첽ǰһͿǻĻϪӴһѺʬ֮˳ֱڵϵĳ°ȥһˣæ߶ٰ˲һǳ°ߣҪȥץǳ°ǻϪӱɵһſڣͳһɫĶҺŵĻˡ
꣬ʱǧƲڣǱⶾҺУǾֻ·һˡ
뵽û룬ʹ߶ٰ˲һ㿪˺üҸոͷһҧס˳°Դ


1432 
ȥүģ
һҧ£°Ҫ׶༪٣ҵӡˡһʱŭһ㣬붼û룬ֱһٰ˲ȥеĽ㳯Ͽȥ
һȥΪأҪ콫°³
ڴڵɳ°°廹ڶ֪ûоȣһȥ󡲢ûжĽ濳ϵʱ򣬶ʱϿһӣû뵽ǣϵĸʱѿ˺üдȳ֮ĶҺ罦˳
Ǵѵ֮Ҿ֪һεǰٰ˲ȥǶҺɢɽڵϣʯͷʴðݣֱûԡ
֣һˣʱһǰ
ʱǾģæߵİչչϽס
չܿ췴Ӧ˹ǰһ½ǳ˵ڵأڵϲͣķ
չҲˣ֮ǰǧȻܹϹƶˣȴĻָԪԣҸղŲûкչԸϪӻ󡡣
գۼĹ򣬳°ͱ̽ȥ˴룬ͻʣ棬Ѿֹͣ˻˿϶Ǳסˡ
֮ĻƤ棬ȫǷһ˶࣬ܣկЩ˹Ҳûм̣ЩӴҪ󡣬ʹɱ֣ϵĴ׷ױѣҺɣһЩϣЩ˶ʱҽŷڵأðŨŨỊ̇ԼٶȻһ̯ŧѪ
ŷæкկʣ²ļϲһ󣬷ü򣬳һЩɫķĩҲ֪⵽ûãܿƣֱײǽ°˽ȥ̶̵һ򣬱жʮ˱ϵĶҺУ׷׻һ̯˱ǵŧѪ
°һĺΪֻǲ֪˳°󡣬᲻д
绨Ϫ֮ǰι嶾һ㣬嶾һң϶Ҳд
һľ޷ˡ
֪˾һϣǻϪӻΪƵĻͺˡ
˵ɶûãڹկɱ䣬ŵ˷׷˱ܣģֻǱɵĶҺ֮С
ϵĶҺһжûУǧϣҴԲܲˣֱͳȥ
Ƭ̣Һܿ뵽һ취һշ䣬ȻϣҵǰԴΪڻȻ󱼵ǰ콣䷢
ǣٶȺܿ죬ʮּʱһԾ֮±߰ԶϵɢĶʵʣʮֵĿɲ
һ콣ȫһա
ұĳͭǮʩչ˱ͭǮԸ󡣬ǧϰٵͭǮϵʱϵĴ׷ױѣҺ׷ɣǲ֮Ͼͻ᳤Ķǳ׵ķˡ
޼ƿʩʱͻȻ䣬һâԾȻգͻȻͷϣбڵϣ˫ֺʮ˾ģϽ𲧣âɣεض𣬺ܿ㽫һ͵Ľ֮С
ɱǽâΧϵڸͭǮԴ˼ӹ̻Ūķϡ
ռʱı˷֮ڣȴҵĳײȥϵĶҲϵıѿ֮ϣŪǷҡҡ׹еҲֹǼֲס೤ʱ䡣
ϽһףӣɴһɫǺ죬ȴûţϵ׳ֽǷȥ
һͷһһѾǹǽ˳ֻȻߡ
һʲôأϽףҴߴٵ
Сţҹһִٵ˵
ˣ˵ܻܲžȫˣٴ˵
һҲǱƵûа취ˣͷһֻеǹǽ߸߾𣬿ٵ˼־ʦϣףԽ֮
һ죬ֻ˵ϣҲڿٵ־
ˡ
կΧӻ죬ľҡΡ
ͷ֮ϣĺϣƾۻᡣ
޲̧ͷͷڵĲ񷿴ȥǺƷգһ׵ĺ죬ȴٳٲʡ


1433 ׹ƴ
һζԸĺİ³ڤʱһλϹ̵Э֮½ףһΣҼǵûѵʱͦģȴ˵ͻάֵķܹӣⲻڸҿЦ
ôãһڵΪټϹ̣ôҲҪһӵʱ䣬ܽǺƺľ׸
УҪ취ȫ֮ߣһҪɱ˻ĻϪӣҪȻЩܹĻʮãկҲؽһ
ҪǻϪӻɱˣַֻ
Ҫô취ûкסʱ䳤һЩҪôһ׵ٶȼӿһЩ֮⣬
ھݵĿ֮ҿٵıŷߣүӣܲ취ס⻨ϪӵʱٳһЩ
ŷͷһۣɫޱȣһŵϪǷˣƵķֱӽԼ궼ȼˣǲٻָΣǱҪͬھ¶Ҳңûķּ˵ֶԸǣǧڣҲһܹסʱĻϪӣҲֻܾկļϺһ׹ƴ󣬾һʱ䣬ʣµľֻܿˡ
׹ƴܹӶãҼʵ
Ҳӣٳһֻܾŷûе˵
ǺãϽȥǼȥã߽׵취
˵ţұٵٰ˲ֶεϹߣһϹͬʱ۾ҡ
Ϲ̣׶ܽʵ
ҲҪʮ嵽ʮ֮䣬Ѿˡĺӿٶȣתͷ˵
Ϲ̣ܲܰæǱҪӽˣǱҲͼӣһߵ˹ƶñɱˡҼ
λϹ̵һƬ֮崿Ҫ˵æ϶ܹϣڵΪԮ֣ܹҲ΢΢ǰʮʱѣǿǽİĵжѹˡ
ѽˣƨ磬Ǹôһа취ӿ׵ٶȡҴߴٵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪĞųչֳԴ׵ע⣬Ҫ϶Ѱһ׵㣬ֻҪĿԽ󣬾ܸ֮ϵչʾĞϢԽ׾Խ죬ģ׿϶ϣһǹǽ϶ܹӵףȻתƳȥĺٵĸ˵
ǵĻЩ£һյص㣬ǽһǿϢͷųףױȻһǹǽ
Ǻð죬ƴˡ
ֱӽǵзӡͷųϢɾͲһǿˡ
ǧϻڵĹ»ҰԹ³ڤʬħ֮Ϣȫҵϣһ֣νǲǿ
һҾͲס
ܿ죬ҾվһߣһֱӾʹ˵ķӡǿͷ˳
ҲͣһȫųҵҲԲ
һͷŵеǿʱŷѾŹկΪǼλϣڻкάֵǷϵΧٴιһ׹ƴǼ˾͸ƵģǷϵΧȥ﷢һЩŹֵڣҲкǿĞųչֳ
ʱĹկų£ĵݣԽԽǿķƣĩһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬻иĹկ˼׹ƴ֮УЩһֵ赸ﲻͣŹŹֵڡ
Ƕڷе󡣬ҲڲϷɡĽݺݵײ˷ϣʱʱĻڶҺǷҲܹγش
ڲԶĻҵҡΣɫǺ죬ҸոսǧϻĲľ֮ͷųһ֮󣬻оͳŲסˣһѪֱӳһȥ
Ƿ͵ĽһʱֱеϽ𲧶ȻСŵݺȥ
Ҳһƨ˵ϡ
˷ϣʼЩ׹ƴ˳ȥڤڤ֮УƺһϢסˣһʱҲϡ
һжڰͰĿţҽǲľ֮ͷų˴ʱڵĲ֮ϣڲ׹ѾʼϸС绮ڵҹա
Ҫʼˡ


1434 һ
¡һ졣
ͷһ׹Ȼһצ˺ҹա
֮ضǿϢڹĵݣ֮ĺȻ֮ףɱаһǻϪӻ󡣬ƱҪҷ
վһһ࣬߱żеĴĸˣһų󿪣һ׵ٶȱ֮ǰȷʵࡣ
ͷϺ¡¡ӵܼʼһڲ֮
ܿ죬ұ㽫зӡŵǧ껱ڵ֮ȫͷ˳Ŀ֮£ΧϻĲݿٵȻ֮зڶϲƣֻǾ綾ĶҺЩĲݺһ̽ϣᱻҺʴʧȥӦеò̫󣬵ҲγһĸţҲһСʱ䡣
ܿ죬ұ㽫ԩԹҲͷ˳Ϣһͷų϶ʱڳһɵĺɫɷɫɷ֮âҲһεҽе졣
ʹֶεʱŷǼկĴҲڽ߾ȫĿƻϪӻǸ󡡣
йկ׹Ƹּ룬дĹŹڣγһ֞ųڤڤ֮УʼסǻϪӻ󡡣
ܸľ˿סƵĴУӲϵܼĶһıѿܱŽȴǹĪο
ԼУƺһֵϢӵ֮ϰεضͨЩկˣֶȥ
ʱһһţά׹ƴ˿ҲЩҡҡ׹һǺ˾һ㶫ᣬǵ֮ڶϢҲ𽥵ࡣ
Ȼ䣬󡡰˼ͷӿһſڣ㳯һԼĹկĴ³һɫĶһϢڶһ³ĶһСǴϵϣǴϲҽһ۰ð˰ֱ̣ϵ
˵ǴҲǹݵģֱӴϳһ絶Լĸ첲ȥ
ꡱһǱ۰Ӧ䣬˵ϣܿͻһ̱ŧѪҲȲѣΪֹǶسȫɢȥĻǴϹȫҪһ̯ŧѪ
׹ƴһˣһ۾ͻνǣһȫ
ǿһ㣬㳯Ǹ˵Ĵϵķͳȥ
׹ƴӵҡҡ׹ܶկĸֶ˵ϣֱ³Ѫ
ˣ׹ƴҲҪάֲסˣҪܳɱ䡣
һǲٵˡ
һҧҼӿ˷ųԹĺɫɷȻ䱩ǡ
һ޴֮һ綸Ȼ̧ͷȥʱŵĻһ羹ȻֱҶġ
ٶȺ֮죬գ۶һվһҲҶΪûʱ
ұ۾Ҳȥˡ
һ̣ͻȻһ׷׵ĵ
ѽײûҵϣ۾һۣԼö˶˵ģȥһʱ򣬿˫ǹǽһӽµơ
˳ָȥķҿԶǸͻȻĽų죬Ӷ֮УӲסĻζ
ά׹ƴЩկˣȫ˵ϡ
ղһױǹǽסˣҲ˹ȥߵǣһʧȥһЩ׼ͷײûϣһࡣ
ڵһױʱŷŹկάֵ׹ƴҲƣŷ׷׵ز
ҿأԻζһ£ܿͷתӣ֮˳
ʶģұ㳯ŷǱߴܣǹû
ŷҵĺĵĴӵ˳㽫һկĴϲ𣬳߶˵Ҳ׷״ӵĴ롣
˻ԴɵĽһٴγȺ֮˹ȥĶޱȣһ׼ͷֲУǴҲͰˡ
һ˷׷׷˾֮ŸɢҿͻȻһ˴Ⱥ֮˳һȫı˷˵ǰ档
Ǹǰչ
СףϽܣ㲻ҪˣгŰչɤӴ


1435 Ӣ
ȻʱİչδţеĻ𾫳ֱָǿ󡡣
ۿͿҪǰҳһɫĶʱ򣬰չͻȻҲ˽һеĻ𾫳һɫĻ¶ǻ³ɫǻּȥ
һ˲䣬չеĻ𾫳ͱһһĻ棬ʮôֱӽ
չеĽǻ𾫳ǽĻ֮һѷɫڶʦϵ
Ҳû뵽չ䲻⣬һŻĽ
󡻹ó˿󡣿
չһ֮еĻ𾫳ʱϨȥٶȼ죬ǻոϯ󡣬չеĻ𾫳ͱ޹⣬Ȼҿչֱͦͦĳź浹ȥ
չˣҺһûзӦ
һ֮Ҳһؼ⣬԰չղŶ֮޴Ҳôַųһأ
пܣչȼһξѪֱӽԼǱȫեˡ
Ϊʰ󡣬˼óƴľͷ
ȥ󡣬һųɫĻȼյʹĴУͣԾ
ڵϷ˴ԼһңȻ䣬ϡһðһɫĶŽĳɫĻһ˲ȫϨȥ
ֻʱ󡱻յĺںһƬɢһζ
ţ۾ܶȴǳŰչǸһ̣ٴһԾ𣬳Űչķ˹ȥ
չ˵ϣȥѾˣҲ״վλƵĳŰչķ˹ȥҪչӻ֮иȳЩ֮УϻչĹϵؼʱ̣ϻ϶
ֻǲȻܵչߣһ˵˰չǰǸ˱ǳ°Ķӳ壬׶ӡ
һı֮ɫһ˫һһ֮䣬ͲͻȻƮɳ˴ĺֱȥ
ЩɫɷǺÿǶ֪ЩҪĹƶ
ʹõͬһֹơƣֻ͸ͷԱȳ°ǷȱһЩ
ˣ˿Ҳվ˳ΪˣΪ˱ɱ֮ȻȻվ˳Ҫսס
Щƺܿ콫ܲĳյĺڲ˹ȥƬƬȥȴסȥ·һʱѲá
ǳ򣬻б˰չߣϣͳһܣһߴԳ庰ϳ£ˣϽܰ
Ƿһվһ˫ֲϵĻ裬ųĺȥֻ󡡣
¡һ죬ǡꡱһͷһ죬һĿ˲һǹǽ֮ϡ
֪УҾȻѾԩԹͷų˴룬˺ƺס
һ̣ҿһ˫־ǹǽɪɪ

һһеǹǽص
һݿ࣬涼һĹ֣ȻķȻ¡
ףƺΪǿһ
һΣһľ׺׼ͷһ¾ķ
á䡱һ죬׹ɡ
ֻ󡱻Ķص˵ϣ׳ǰȶը˳ȥ
ǰĺƣһ˲ҲҷյɶҲûʣ¡
վʮ׿ĳ屻Ҳ˳ȥǸһص˵ϡ
ܿ죬ǰӸϽȺ֮С
ҿЩ϶ӵ˹կˡ
еǰԹѾ㲻ʲôˡ
֮ǰ廹ЩկɱͷѪһ
һ̣կӦö嵱Ӣۣһ˹կǧկӵӢۡ
ҽĿһεϵʱ򣬷ûб׸ӻ΢΢Ĳһ˫ڼѵĵŵ棬ƺǰ¡
Ѿȫ׼׵㣬ֻҪһ˾ױϵĺ
֮߰һǹǽ֮ϣһƬ˻ε۾⣬һٴһ£صϣ䡱һ죬ǰ磬һƬɣѾǵڶϡ


1436 ԰Ϣ
һʱѾԶˣڶѾ͸ˣû뵽ǣӣһǱһԭǸطԭǸζһεĻϡ
һǹһһ
ҸоˣԩԹҲͷų˴룬ͷųһЩԼܲˣһƲסγɷ֮
ֻܼþգұ㿪ʼĽ⼸˻ȥ·ӡ˵֮Уջʱ򣬲ŷͱˮ͸ˣ֪ͻ̫ŵԵʣȶһһƨ
ʲôûȥ룬;ȫĵĶǻһ
߸ո£ֻҲ˹ĵĞųʱƽϢһǹǽһֱڶȫڲͣĻζٿǹǽʱ򣬷ǽ֮ϲתķʱʱ֣żı죬رˡ
֮䣬һƺһҲһƨ˵ϣһֱӴڵĴϢڸղŵ϶ҲЩ¡
ڰеǿʯͷҲ˵ء
ƽСˣͷ֮кݺύҲϡ裬ֻʣ˼磬˱ܣ¶տɫգһԲΧǵ㡣
ս֮ĹկһƬǽ壬ϻк˵ʬ壬˵ʬ֮⣬Ƴʬ˵档
֮ļӣȻ˵ǰŸղŷʲô
ЩկȫվΧһû˵ΪȫղŵĶɵˡ
ղʲôǿǾ׺Ȼ£֮£˭ܹ̣ⷬɱа
µϾӣ׻˺ƺ
һ̣ЩկǼ˵Ŀ־η֮ǰ֪Щ˶ǲҪ˰ԵƾǸǼӣҲԡ
ںƺ֮£һнϡ
կĹƶɶʮҲܺ
ؼʱ̣ϸ缸ܲĳǰ棬Ÿ˱ĻϪӡ
ڵϣͷϵǿգǿ֮ͻȻһЦԺ֮еһЦЦСŮʫģһҼʱǰÿڳЦ
ʫڿ԰ϢˣǻϪӣѾˣ԰ĵȥ
ﲻ֪˶ãҲ˽꣬ڵϵһ˹ȥ
֪ʲôʱһڣкûиǴ
һ˿̵ɫɷףѾֽӵϲһЦǿɬЦ
꣬Ǿһһκɱ³ڤʱҪһЩ
ڣ缸ֶ
ߣȥǻϪӳʲôģˡѵһǰȥ
ǱߣկѾȥǵطΧһԲȦָָ㣬۷׷ס
ǿҲһóһ·ǵ񶼲һˣްֵһеֻĽ⻹η塣
Һһյǰһ׺һĴһߺںʬð̡
ʬֱûˣ˫ȶĵͷϣֻǱ׺ɱĻϪӣģָֻԼıĿ
ʱѾǸˣһ齹̿
׺ɱˣǶ𣬻ɢֻصĻᶼûС
ԹǴ֮ˣҪ˵ô׸
ֶ񶾵䣬ԼֲҵҲΪпһ֡
һǻϪӵʬ壬Ű
ͻȻ䣬˸ղŵǰİչղźֱͦͦĵȥ֪ˡ
ĹһۣȺ֮вûаչͻеڣǱһ߳Ⱥ
ոճŷկĴϳ˹бһԶֱ۵λ
ŷ˵ʶǼϣһҺһֱӾ͹Ͷأϵĳǿͷ
ҿŷһۣɻô¶
ŷկʣˣȫսկˣλʾԵĸл˵ǾկˣկĶˣԺԸΪТȮ֮֮ͣǰΪʾڣЩ鶼ǻϪָʹġ


1437 ʮ˹
Һһһۣһû˵ˣ˶ҵϣһãоûκˣ֮ǰ嶾̵ʱеҲ̶ãҲָ
æǼϿ˵λǱһᣬǼҲǹկѡ
˵ʵ⻰˵ҶеΥģկʲôطǿǽ̸֮֮ɫĹŹأãǵʱ򣬻뽫կȫأڿûҪˡ
ܲɱ˾ͲɱˣֻҪЩ˲ôŶУҲɱ񫡣
򵥵ͨŷկǼϱ֮ǱƳ뿪ȥһкͰչȥˣЩ˶ǻл˵Ҳûᡣ
ȷ缸׶ܲȫ֮أĶǳƤ
կһȦһ¥ԱҵкͰչԼڲԶɡ
кһǣԶľ͸֣Ҵһ첽ȥһұ㿴һڵϵİչǴѪȻ˹ȥ
СӱͶִ߶ѪԼѹեɾˣûɶ󰭣֮ǲˣҲ̫ƴһЩ˵
һ˵չͷһĪпҲǶԽΪжСӳǼϽȣǲһЩһ֤֮һЩʲô֤ɿã֤ҲǼ˲
ƽʱȥһϾʹһѧԵƣ࣬ǽˣһײϵ
˵ʵڵģңܹΪѾܲˣҵȣҪ̫ࡣ
ҴѦС߸ҵĲѪĵҩһιüţؿڣƬ֮СӲתѣ۾ɨһۣЦ̫ˡǶš
ɲǶûǼһУԺǾŻ׹ҪˣһҲ룬Ǿͽоףֵˣ˭Ժ󻹸ٵǡдЦ
һЦ˴۵ϻϵĿԡ
չһۣû˵Ǿ²˻СŸ籾ºˣһͷԺڽզ죿֪ĻΪǼõء
⻰һЦչСӻܳƤûɶ󰭡
Ц֮䣬ɫһͻȻˣǿ¼СûУղҿúƵǻϪһȻһ׸˳ȥղҪ֣չСҲסˡ
ôһѣ˲ĶӳղŷһĻҲȷʵ˰չһ
ʱʮˣڵλȫˣˣȻ̸ʲô飬һ·ҲǳϦ˺ü죬ͻȻôûˣ϶ҲЩζ
Ҳǳ˴ģҲկ֮УֱӱǻϪӻȥ
ˣӵǿ϶Ҫס
£˻ţ㿪ʼѰǳ䡣
ս֮ĹկһƬǽ壬կĴսʬ嶼̧һЩƳʬ壬˿޿䣬УڶҲǸеһ
ЩȥĹկˣ󲿷ֵ˻ǱǼɱֻһٲڻϪӵС
ǼһСܿڸկʲôŷ
ùڽн̸ڼҵʲôŷ֣Ҳ
ǼǱֹ߱ͣ˽̸կļϺŷȫ˹ұ㽫ŷ˵һ¡
ŷ˵ͷæ֪ǼһȥѰҳ䡣
ӣҵ˳ټʱկ˸ˣ׺ɱķΧ֮ڡ
屻ǵ׸˹ȥԲ˵һҲãˣѾկ˼򵥴ˡ
ҵ֮󣬱ѦҵĵҩƬ֮ǳ˹
һǺޣ
ǻϪӱɵˣʬ޴棬붼û£ܲˣ˰οһ֪ǻϪȻһ׸ɱˣǳֹס˿ɫģһʱ϶Ӧ
ˣҲˣѾǰס
ҪѾȫ꣬ûбҪ


1438 δʦ
һϵĴս˽˺ۣƣ
һЪϢһѾȫ
ɽ֮УǺãоر˳
һʱʰ٣ϵЩʬ͹ƳѾȫɾǻϪӱʬ壬ֱӾǱĴˡ
㣬յ㣬һӣҲǺң
Ǹ缸֮£һҲ
һϢһұ뿪طһӶ
˵Уҵ廹һЩȥŷǡ
ŷկļϻկļΧţʲôղҾͼЩģģֻǵԣߴģӢƵģѧǻӢͲզء
ҺܿȥߵŷߣЩһˣȫֹͣ˽̸ĳһ񣬵ͷȥ
ɨЩһۣȻŷʵŷүӣүүн飬Ҳ֮ЩկǲΪ㣿ɱ£أǸҶ㲻ҾͰǷѪ
һ˵ǼկĴƺܹһЩĴһ
˵⻰ԲǶϷڻϪӶˣҪʰʣЩկĲбܽһ˾ܰˡ
ôһ˵ŷ˵СŰˣկһϹͷŽأһδ׵ҲղǼڸկʦ飬ǵ˼ǣʦϷϷֻǱѵģկĴףܹһϯ֮ؾͲˡ
һʱˣæүӣʦﲻȥǲʲôǣ
ŷ̾ϢһСţҪ˵ǣ⵹ҲûУҲ֪ǰڴʱǼҾһֱܵ͵Ը뽭ǷǣҲûиκ˱¶ҪΪǱ˻£ɱǼӵܣⱲ˵ǸˣͶկֻҸ֮˴˲˼ʲôʦ
ҵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦȻסŷĸ첲С˵үӣǽһ˵
ŷһƧ֮ŷɻСŰҪ˵ʲô飿
үӣ벻ҪկӼȥҳ˵
ŷһ㶣ʵСţʲô˼
˵կѾصǱߵϵˣǵĿĲɱ˻ϪӣҪկƬײҲ֪կǶãˣ̸֮ɫ䣬ǹٷˣҲһֱΪжд̣޲կ˵ĺãǹկڻϪЩĴ֮£ǻĿԣֻҪһ£ΧڹկΧص̾ͻɱկ׽ƽ
Сţ򲻿ɰկȻϷĵطɱϾϢ֮أܹϷı֮ϣҸүүЩķݶϣٷ˵˵ҪկǱկӣϷԸȥܷĸӵܵŷŵ
ˣб˵Ǳŷүӣʵ鲻ô鷳ֻҪӦһͺá
ʲô飬˵޷ֻҪģһŷ
ǾկĴʦඣֻҪկĴʦկϼӹҪȥ溦ˣһٷ˴ϹϵѺ֮ǰɱǼˣǿ϶ֻ̣Ҫ˹կĴʦݾͲһˣǱߵҲҽôΣյ
ŷүӳƬ̣ȥЩԥ
ܿ죬ֵѽկһ֮䣬ʲôԥģ
˻һڣڰŷү˾˵ͷ˵ǺðɣȻˣҲֻկĴʦˣСҪұ֤ùٷ˶Թկ
ģϣǸҶկӲұ֤ͷظ
ŷ˵ͷȻ۷˻ȥկǼٴιͨһկǼһŷӦկĴʦʱȸԾ
ʵ֮ŷկĴʦҲ˽ĵģֻҪկĴʦԱ֤կԺ󲻻ٳȥˣɱˣŷľˣһֱСĵҲʮֵӣһʦڣֻὫկõķչ


1439 Χ
һ㣬ҲǶŷж϶ǵݶ飬ҽ嶾ˣ˹կĴףԺ׹Ʒ鷳ȫկ˳ɽŷȻҲܾ
⣬ܵУҲöཻѡ
˴ˣŴʱĹկҵ洦ν޴󣬸ŷһ˳ˮ飬ֶΪأ
˵ҽѵٶȣȫûеٶȿ죬ҵڶȷڵжٵˡ
Ҳծ಻ѹŵ˲࣬ҵʵҲڲǿеӵģǾ͹Ѱǡ
ŷӦǼկĴʦʱùկ˻ȸԾʱкŽկˣŮףȫկмһյ֮ϣȻǼկĴŷǹկһεĴʦ
ŷܹկĴʦû˻үүǻϪӵʦǰʦŷǵ˵ʦ洫կĴʦϺ
ΪؼǣŷӺѣֻҪŷ˹կĴʦ˭ҵǹկأ
ʦľʽʮַǳģԵʮϲ֡
ϣﻹһսկɥһˣǵĿǹģΪһʦŪⷬ
Щ˴˿̵Ҳˣǹկĵˣ˹կĹͣΪǸկĴʦѵĹϵǿһÿ˶Դһ٣һƱ㡣
ʵǲΪŷѣŻ˿ǣΪϣǺϻկ
ʵһʼ㽫կˣ˹կ²ȥˡ
㲻Ϊŷ¶϶Ҳ첻ɡ
կﲻ˵Ĺʦ˺ͺӣܲܽҲɱ˰ɣ
ŷկĴʦʲģկԼ̣ܽһơ
Ѱŵʱص˽ｨѧУʲôģկ˽߳ȥǴһµ硣
һֱڵʱ֣һ˸ŷУ뿪˹կ
֮ǰŷⶣңزҪùٷΪկӣҲԸٷ֦һѺദ
¶ܼ򵥣ȫӦ˵ʱص˹ͨˡ
ǵЩʲô㲻ܹܵˡ
ߵʱŷկһϽͳ˹կƬӣϾһǧƵ˴ˣѾ˳ߣկΧҲΣķƳأûǧƵӦЩ˺۵Ҫ߳ȥô׵飬ŪþͻƬƳص֮ء
߳ƬѾʱ֣ոճկΧ֮ڣǺܿͱһȺɽװ˸Χˡ
֮ǰկ֮ǰʱսкһר˽կԲʮΧˣһǽկйկӳķ޹գרǹɨβġ
ǵĳ֣һΪŽɱǵء
ˣ֮⣬ȫ޷սʱһص˹ܽǼһˡ
Ƕźɫɽװұ
ЩɽװҲʶҲʶǣһһٴеģֱӽǸΧˡ
˵ص˹˵ЩصСĵĺܣǽϵķ˵
ǹկĴʦǸƢһЩˣҪŹƣҸˡ
ֲµʱͻȻһͷ˳Щص˰˰֣΢Цų˹
ҶһʱһϲͷʶɽصĹʣүӣңұɽص鳤ݺҪҵĶʦ֣үӳȣҸ
û뵽ﾹȻܹүӡ
һңЦ˵˲ˣɽǼʱ򣬱Ժ϶ǰ;Щû飬û뵽СӶ̶̼Ĺ򣬾Ȼɳزӹկһس
æǰһ֣Цϣòտɺã
úúáõĺţܵսֳ˴ʡɽǴ󲿷صĸֱ֣ӽƬӸΧˣЭɹկô鶼𣿡
ˣկĴʦϪȻɱկεĴʦԸصȫ˹ȥ̸Сҵ


1440 ټ
˵飬ƺЩ̫ţȻʲôǻϪӱǸɱˣ
ôϲţկһϾߣǳ˹կģ֤ҵ
ҵһû׹ôһ¶Ƭֵô˵ǹկǲΧˣ
ˣϪկԸ⳼ٶ־Щ̫ص˰ɣҵ
ҵ˵ͷ·ͬСɣҪ֪һ¶ôãˣֳҲڴ˴ҲԸϵһ¡
ս徹ȻҲǰˣڿʡֵĴ쵼ȻҲǰû뵽ġ
˵Ƚз¶ҵ̸̸
ܿ죬ֻȻսһ绰ȥ
һǱͽ˵绰һ㼤˵Сţǳˣ
Ӧһģ˵ΧҸ˵غطܿ͹˵绰˵Сʱ͸ϵҵһ
үһʱ䲻֪ľ͹ȥˣСʱ֮սż˷ĸ˹ƫƧĵطʼѯιկ֮顣
Ҽ򵥵ĸս˵һգսֱҲ֪⻨ϪѲû뵽ȻѲֵز˾׺ɱӡ
ڹկĴʦѾŷΨһֵҵ飬սҲǰկŷйͨЭ̶̣ˡ
һ飬ս˵һ£һصƿµѪկ£կ顣
һصıȽƵǰսʬ֮һصߵ·Ӿ͸ҰһЩ϶ͼı滹д
ԴˣսҲʮֵǣȴҲʮΣǽʬİվʲôطڶûʲôüĿʱԽӣ߾Խǲ
ĹկΪϪӵ飬Ѫկ˳ԹǽѪˣѪկ϶ưոݣȻҹկ鷳
ѪկսҲţǸصѪկڹڣڰϹɽ·ԶҲǱ޳Ī
Ҹս˵飬ҪѪկΣҪ߾裬Ѫկ˹Ĺկ
飬ս嵹ǿͨйزţ԰ϹǱ߹ϼӷǣڹկΧڰڣԱʱ֧Ԯ
£Ҳûиŷ˵ͲôǹկĴʦҪ֪һУ¶͸ˣѾ췹ʦʽˣŷڶˡ
˵ʵ¶Ұеڣ֮ǰŷ֪կѾѪկһǿĶ֡
սԹȥøͨһ顣
һˣˣ㲻ڴ˴ˣƤȻ֣Ǳ뾡ϻϳǣƤ͵ѦңѦСˡ
Ҷ𣬺üˣÿοѦСȳ·͹ֱŤģ˽һͷ󻼡
ս幵֮ͨ󣬱ǹկĴʦս廹мص˽˹կ
һҵ֮ǰغõĳӣֱӿϳǡ
·ϣͻȻһ飬أϣǸǼŻϪӴһ·׷ȥüһŪһ˶ûһˣǻϪӹ¾ս󱻹կ˸Χˣ׽ɽȥι嶾
Ҿ֪ǶʱǶȥˡ
һ˵¶ҲƵĲУи˵ԭȥ׷ϪӵĴ󲿶ȥˣֻϧǻûƳկ˹կһˣкûֱӾ͸
ʱϪӴ˹կ֮կﻹʣ֮һˣҲ֣կ
һȫǹկʣһսۿžͿҪկʣЩȫɱˣ˻ϪӴĴԮʱһƬ֡
ʱñɽȥι嶾
Ҳʮֺ棬ҵʱȥôŷ˻
Ҳ˵һҵϪӻ׽ι嶾𣬶嶾ŷҲ棬ţ죬ұǲҶˣǲһι嶾
ŷҲ˵һ£˲֪ΪʲôŷկĴʦ
һϣĶǣȫȦˣҪҵʱŷ˹կЩ˹һʣ£Ϊÿ˶ս˼ޡ


1441 ʮһ
ڳϣ˻Ϊ¿һܽᣬһսľͲ㣬ȡΪһδս׼κǼϣǿǿ֣ȻʮĬһ׶Ըǿߵ·ĺ³ڤĻϪӣ۶ôǿĴڣֻҪֵܼ֣ûиɲſµĵˡ
ֵܼ˵磬ȫȻϵʹһֱ˵ĳ壬ɫҲǰˡ
ӿ˰ϣͻȻֻһڵĽӴġ
һǽӵĵ绰ϵЦʧˡ
ѾģСӵϢͨĿԣ߸մӹկǱ߾͵õϢصڵߣӹɵˡ
һͨ绰Ǳ߾ʹ˽ӵЦѽүϲϲְһ£ҿ˵ǻϪӱǸɱˡ
аϽϢ治һͨ˻ҪǼ˵Сһȫ¶ǶԲסˣûչ˺ǡһ˵ҵͿʼĳء
˵¶Ҳ̾Ϣһ֮ǰҾ͸˵ˣ¶ȥ޻أҲؽǶԸȥģ콭ģǹõѪӣ¶ҲԹñˣүģڶأֵܵһСڿ϶Ǳǡ
Ӧһ˵ǾͺãڵˣԼŰɡ
ʱ򣬽ӳһ£ֵ˾үǶûУ
˵ǶǻƤ棬ȴҲ֪ΪʲôôżҪⶫ
Ӧһ˵ˣⶫҪһ£ʱǻƤʬ֪ͨǹȡġ
Ҳû£ȷ˶ֱ֮Ӿ͹ҵ˵绰
¶˵Ҳͦ˺ĵģڽӵǻƤڵҪǿеǮȴݽ棬ܽܵġ
ֵ֮ƴҲΪѦСߵһȡ
¶ľֵֵأ
˽һ绰֮ҵĪĳҲʧȥ£רĵĿ˳
һҲˣֱλϸԳ˯ȥһʱ
֪ɫͺҽӿɽǵʱһֱĬĳͻȻ˵Сֵܣһֱӽ͵ɽǵĻվңҪϼҡ
һ㶣´磬ֱȥɣ˳·ΪɶҪһأ
ȻȴּҪ³Լȥ˵Ȱ˵ҲãֻӦ
һ·ϣ嶼ʮֳĬĸ˹կϪӸˣǶϣ飬¶˭Ϲƶܡ
һ˵Ҫȥ缸ȫ˹ǿͳ嵽ɽǵĻվ
³֮һֱ˻վ
˹ָתҪȥ
ҲζܾÿǷʲôסص˵´磬ǶԲסˣǼûлס˼ңԺõǸ缸ĵط岻ݴǣҵĵ绰£ʱϵǡ
ӹҵݸֽҵĵ绰ĬȻĵ˵ͷ˵λùһҸһйȴ˹֮£ǻϪӵϣҲйģ֪Լôһ죬λֵܣɽģˮԵٻᣡ
˵ţٴθǹ֣һһ
ͻȻ䣬ʲôס˳´磬ģ֮ǰ˼˵ҪկｨһСѧҾʣھӦǶǮ
һ㶣֪ܲΪʲôҪ⣬˵ǴӦկʮ򣬽һСѧկĺӶҪüɽȥѧǮ֮󣬺ԺͲôˣԺȫկѧ
һ˵ڸʮǼ˶һ
үģڵĽĿǹڵģ˵һȴǮ˹ž͸ʮʮֱһ
ƾ⼸֣ټһ㶼
ھǿ˼ɽ۸ʵ˵ġ
У¶û꣬ɲܾôǡ
ҳƬ̣һп֮ǰǧңһſǰʱ˸ᣬ⿨Ǯֱ⼸ſÿﶼмǧ򲻵ȣõſֱӵݸ˳壬ɫ´磬бǮ࣬ŸկｨѧУɣҲֵܼһƬ⡣


1442 ж
һʼ岻գֵܼһȰ˵ŽǮ£ȴûиǿ﾿жǮЩǮȫԹկʮСѧˣȥһ
ʵ֮ԸЩǮǼ˵ﶼЩΣһιկ֮УǸӶ˰æ˼Ҳǿ϶ҲҪʾһµġ
Ǳ˳֮Ǽϣ·ʡݣб㾭ɵϼԥ
һԥʱɱ˵ҪؼңﻹкܶȥһȥɵļʮĴæˣһᣬûǿֱӽ͵ԥϼҡ
Щ죬һֱĴֵǶû˯̤ʵ
ãһɵļһ죬ֱڶŴǱɣһ˳ϳǵķʻȥ
һȻڱǼҵѾչ˹ڣڶʱڣһȥң½Ϊ˰ҶԸϪӣΪҪȥѦȥ
ǰʱ䣬ܼڱôһ粨ЩŪļϾ˼ߵ飬ڣܼҴʮְȣһһãϴȥʱҼѾͨûʲôˡ
ܼҵѾȶһѰŽӽߣ͵
һ˵¶ЩڣѦС߿ǶǸһֱ˼ѦС߲˵һֱҲûʲôչҲֻܸżôҲ֪ıһӵ¶ѦС߹ƾûϷˡ
У¶ҵøһ˵˵СӸԧ졣
ǣ³ˮĿյҽ¸һ˵һ¡
һ˵¶һ£֪ѦС߶˼飬绰Ҳû˵顣
һ̬ȻϣܺõģϾܼҺѦҲѦҲжܼңܹһò
ֻǣӵ˽˸飬Ҳùʣһлϡ
ܹõһӦҾͷһΪܼҼҴҵҪˣҸŵԣǮƵģȻһܹѦСߣ¶ͺ˵ˡ
׻˵縸һܹȥͿ̬ˡ
ϣǾ͵ִϳǣȻѦСкһ˵Ҫȥܿͣĵ˺Ҷȡ
֮⣬һϻ϶аˣҲܹѦҺúõһǿ϶ָܹĿһЩ
ͣ˷羰һ˻žͳѦסǸС˹ȥ
յ˴ڣͿѦС߸վڴڵĴڵǡ
һԼĸһˣԶı˷ܵĴһ磬ֱӳһ˹˺һɣ˴˻˼֮顣
ǱߣѦСһǼæҲЩԹʵǼܵˣôŪһ˻
ȥկһϪ˵飬ѦС߲֪ѾˣҲ޷
ЦǺǵ˵ȥ飬Ϊ㣬һֱãֵܼһֱⲻȥȥһ˴ʡһֻƤ棬ǶھСϣ죬Сӹƾܻܳȥˡ
˵ѦС߶ʱ󾪣жϡﻩҪǸ缸һҲû뵽ǻһֱϡ
ѦС߱㽫뵽Ѧҩ̣дһ
ãѦСߵĸѦҲڣ˳ǼˣѦ֪ȥ˹կרΪѦСȥȡǻƤʱҲǼĲУ˳Ҳһ˵ѦСֻеˣֲǼ˸ֵΪգЩܹȥ
ѦʵʵڵĽǵԼˣЩҲǷԷθ϶ǹⲻȥѦС⻨Ƥ棬һֱи
ѦǼˣѦСٴνѦλүӵķ֮УϻǻƤ棬ѦС˵飬λүԲٵУȷһʧ
ϣǱҵλүӣҽǻƤǬ˱˳ǻƤ滹ҵһװţ綾ޱȣ޷ִ
Ѧλүһ˵Ҵ˻Ƥ棬ҲǴΪԾѾһٶˣǸûκλ룬ҵһչޣҴ˹ңǻƤŽչ֮С
ã⻨Ƥ汻Ҵӹųʱ򣬻ǻŵġ


1443 ٲ
Ƥ͵ѦңҵˣôûƤѦСˣǱ㲻ҿǵ飬ֻǸλү֪һ⻨ƤˣǵýǻƤʬңһдãλүҲӦ
飬ڿǳ˲֮ǰӦǣǻƤʬţԶš
ܣҾ¶ԽԽס
ұ뿪˷֮ڣѦС߱ˣҲš
⼸죬ǼһֱѦҡ
ǼѦˣҲڳʱúоһ콣ôǿ顣
һֱҵڵ룬ʱҵһУ徻úĥһˡ
ڲֹУϾյʱ򣬲Ÿĥҵ־Ϊһ£ûоʵѪϴǾסġ
ƴɱУԼȻһֶΣǾʵʵɱ˼Щֶζһδв£Լ򵽵ģԶЩڶ츣أղɽиָвԺɱ
콣һŸУѾȫǰУҪͻƵıǵʽƾ
콣һбһѦҴ߰죬ûʲô·
ǿҵЩŵǧϻĲľ֮Ѿ𽥿ʼˡ
Ŀ£ܹƵϵֲٵԶԶûдﵽҰĵز⻹дġ
֮⣬һǵһЩǡϴмصһЩСһаٲϵСֶΣСֶεͦ˼רѵģ˵ȫо£ܹٲ֮졣
ȻҾ¶Щţǰٲܹ֮С˵ЩʲôӦȫܹ
ҾûͦõģҲ̫ѣڵΪֻһ򣬱ȫգʱרٲϵֶΡ
ѦһֱʮңѦС߲Ŵүӵķ֮г
һγѦС߸֮ǰоȫһˡ
ȿȥ΢Щ£ǰȣǺ˺ܶ࣬ҪǣѦСߵϿʼŵЦݡ
ѦС˵λүȡǻƤһֵľѪ⼸λҩͿĨ˵ϥǹϣ£ϥǹǾͻָ֮ǰһ޶
ѦСָܹˣ˶ʮָˣҲǸĿġ
⣬ѦСڳʱ򣬻װŻƤĹһң˵⻨Ƥ沢ûλүֻȡǻƤϴ󲿷ֵľѪһʱ֮󣬻ƤڻµľѪ⻨ƤĵдҲˣҲԪˣ⾫ѪȡһΣ֮ǻƤͻˡ
ȫû뵽ʱ򣬻Ƥ汻ȡ˾Ѫ֮󣬾Ȼܻš
˵Ǳڡ
һֱ⻨Ƥ飬˻Ƥ֮ұ뿪˺ҶȣصϳǣȻڵĽӴһ绰Ƥȡߡ
Ժ߽϶õڵĵطϵǲܶġ
Ӿ͵ҵĵ绰ˣ͡
һӵҵĵ绰֮󣬵ӽŸ˹֪ǻƤ滹ŵʱ򣬼ĲУһУ˵ҪึһǮǳ
һ˵¶Ҿ°Ϊֻ˼ʮ˼һ
ӻ˵Ҳû취飬ʱǱ߿ļۣſھҪʮ˵ҪｨСѧģܲԼǼӼ۰ɣ
˵Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Ҳȥҳ°ȥʣ㶣˵ҪлҵĻ͸ϽǸկӾһǮ¶ҲӦ˵һհ졣
鴦֮ұûʲôʱһֱڼţ֮յսĵ绰˵ѾصϳǣǹկѾˣڵĹկѾϳ˹ٷһӹկһЩĹʦϸѵ֮󣬷䵽طصְڹƶⷽԱصһֱʮǷȱǿԲ©
Դˣս廹ұʾֵĸл˵㶨˹կǴһʮʶ˵пҪҺȾơ
ֹû죬һҲҴһ绰˵⼸ʹ뿪³أͻر


1444 йŮ
绰ҵٴæҪˣѦСǱ߸ô졣
һ˵ǰʱ䣬ʹʵѦСҲЩ˼ֻѦСһʮľګϣҲһֱûŮң϶ѦС˵¶ͷѦС߸ļʱһǴദĻᣬ˵¶ֱӾͳˡ
ûʲôļƻһ˵죬ѦСϳǣĴ䣬Ǽ飬ϵʱһߣơƣʱѦС߶һ׳˵գɶͶ˵ˡ
Ҿ¶ףһСӵҲͦģǽѦС߱ɽ
Ҫ˵ҲǣѦСôˣҲ裬һҲˬҪǰæС
֮һѦСԼ
кͰչѦҩ̣ӣҪǰչĵ̫ͻˣŰչ
ЩĵѦСߵѾʲôëˣֻжԻĸ졣
˵һһֱѦҩ̣ûôţθѦСһʮֿġ
Һһмƻ˵õĸһȥ棬Һһͽʿ˴ᡣ
Ƕټϳǹһ죬һֱڵʱŻ
ϵʱұк˾Сһر̯⴮
ʱͻȻɫЩ̫ãҺ˪ƺЩģҲûô˵
һʼҲûô⣬ΪǼЩ˻
ֻһ˵ҪԿף˵ҪҼϢһ¡
Һһ׷ϣұ㽫Կ׸ѦСҼ
ܿ죬ѦС߾۷˻ͷԵģԵʮȻ
һѦС߶˵ԼһӰ׾ƣʱɫͨ졣
Һһо¶ѦСεˡ
һֱºίӣﲻˣҲԵıϣôѦС߳ȥһ˾ͳӡ
ԴˣѦСҲʾΣ˵һȥʱ򻹺úõģСʱ֮ǰͻȻͱĳĬһ·϶ûô
죬Ҳһֱǰ󣬴û˵һֵ飬ԼҲú֡
ҺһҲֹ˽һÿѦССӵڻûиļǵˡ
£ұѦСߣʵҲ֤ڣѦС߶ûи˵ס
üι˵ǵ˹ؼʱ̣ҲŲ졣
ⶼҪˣѦС߻˼˵Ҫȵʲôʱ
ҺһѦСһΧһѦСߺȵĲˣϾͻȥ˵ס
ֵˣ߶ͷžĻǿ϶ǧһһ𣬶ǳ˺ȣ˭Ҳû͵ˣ
һСʱ֮ҶԼˣѦС߻µԵʣֱӺȵſˣһҲȵġ
ãƽ¶ְ첻ˡ
ҺһȵѦС߲ҵļסҵ֮С
صʱҷԭҸĸסǸſһ˫ЬӣģѾ˯ˡ
Ҽ򵥵ϴһүȫһôպһޡ
Ǿƺȵ̫ԵʣҹʱֱӱˣұԺˮʱһѦС˯㣬
䣬ҸշˮͻȻͿǰվһˣһɫ˯£һһȻ
ӣҲ䣿ʵ
ҡҡͷͻȻСŸ磬ҷһлҪ˵
ʱһɫ˯£¶ѩ׵ĲӣȶˣƤܰףȻľһ磬˿˶̲סǷǡ
ޣ
ʲôأ
ֵܵӣѦСߵŮѣ޲ۣ¶ɲҡ
˵һ˵һ㶣εһЦ˵ӣʲô˵ˣȥɶ
У¶õ֪ǳҪҽɡ
˵ţתԼȥ
ԥһ£ʮֺ棬˵ʲôأ
һֱҸֵͷ֮Ȼʶʱ䲻ܹû˵仰ҹģйŮһңǱѦСߺһָô룿


1445 а
ԥʱߵſڣתңҧ촽֡
ӣ£һջ˽Ų˹ȥ
˹תȥֻߵſڱͣס˽Ųӿϣ˵ӣ˵ɣʲô飿
СŸ磬ţֵ
⡭ⲻðɣҪǱС߸翴˵㻹˵ɡƳٵ
ʱԵЩˣֱӳ˹֣һѽסֱק˷ţŹϵһɲǣҵĶ
үģôоͷЩ̫Ծأ
˿̣֮ұƵĶϣͻȻ䣬΢΢һЦһ£ҸоЦرĹŹ֡
ɶӣʲô¶͸Ͻ˵ɣһ¶ǻءЩִٲһѵ
СŸ磬ôżߣǶѾ˯˰ɣﶼǴ졭ٴЦ
ʶƣҾ͸ӵĽҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ͻȻٴһЦ˵СŸ磬ܺҵӡ
ûûֳԲңʲôæص
㿴㶼ˡ˵ţͿңӶҵϣŷţһץס֣ɫӣ֣ʲô¶Ͻ˵ҿˡ
һ˵ջ֣ɫͻȻȻ۾һ죬оҪޡ
ܲæ˵ӣԲסˣղСŸ˵һЩȥ
˵ͬʱԽԽý̫Ծˣˡ
Ѿͷί񣬳ˮôͻȻôأ
Щɻ󲻶ͬʱ֮ģʱͻȻЩҭ˵СŸ硭ʵһֱϲ㣬ǴûҸ𣬹ҪˣԺ¼ĻҲˣ죬ҪҰɡ
˵ţͻȻһҴΪԾľٶȻһ³˯£ֻǰһƬ׻ģæͱ۾ֱӵסˣʱһ亹ӣЦɲ֪ܿģѦСϲ㣬϶ѹġ
Ҳܣֻϲ㡭
˵ţٴγҿһ˲䣬һͻȻ˰ëоһ־޴Σʶ䣬־ͳŸץ˹ȥΪҸоʲôĶҵС˹
һɲǼ䣬ұоһɾʹϴ˹͵۾ͷһʱͻȻһذףͳҸĲλ˹ҺҸղŶǰֵסǰѷذֻҵģһƤûҵĸС
ٿʱͻȻЪ˹һ˫۾ͻȻâ䣬˫ץסǰذףƴĳﻹ˻
һ̣ޱȣһͷ˷ޣһֻ־Ȼ޷ƿ
ذ޷Ȼ쿪ʼҧң֮£ϵͻȻأƸɽţƷŽһƵ˴ϡ
ٴ˻ŴӴĳ˹
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻӣֲ
鼱֮䣬ұҩ붼û룬ֱӳ˹ȥ
ҩһҵܿ챻ҩƣһ͵ҵǰû˶
˿ҵĵʹѪֹ
취ѪֹѪʱ򣬷ͻȻһ߿ˣһѦС˽
˽֮ǿһ۵ڵֿһֵңͬʱסˣҾʹǵиоĵ⡣
ѦС߶˵ߵߣֻһۣܿתͷݺݵĿңҧгݵû뵽㾹ȻˣȻҩӣʲô
һܿҲ˹һۣȻҵҲˣ˵ͲΡ
ǲҪһͣһ۾һУȭͷյĿ졣
ǡ鲻ҽͣҹģʲôûжҪң
˿̻͵˿ʺҲʺҷҺЩͲˡ
ǲаˣ㾹Ȼ۸Ҫɱ㣡ѦСߺۣӵվֱӴùذףͳ˹


1446 ˽ͷ
ƺҲϴˣΪֹҲ֪Ϊʲô֪ᷢΪʲôյֶݺңֱڲʲľأһбɱһݡ
ԣղžҪɱңҵĶذ׸ˡ
ΪʲôҪô
ʱѦСȫŭͷԣԴһȣֱӾǰذ׳ҵ
ȻΪҽǹ˸ģȻ͵͵Ǳķ䣬ͼ죬ȻҷŽ˸ѵġ
ѦС߶жôҪһᡣ
Ϊɱҡ
ʱѦСߵΪڵΪѾ࣬ذ׳ʱһξͶ˹ȥһץס֣С߸磬侲ദôʱ䣬ʲô㲻֪𣿡
֪֪治֪ģһֱΪǸ˾ӣ뵽ɽթСˣȥɣ˵ţѦСߵһֻ־ͳҵĿ˹ֱɿ֣һٰ˲ҵһࡣ
ȻѦС߲Źңһ˦֣һЩɫҩ泯˹
ȥлɢ
һҾãû뵽ֵҲý㵶еĵزٴٰ˲㿪лɢĸǷΧʱҳһ˹ȥɫҲǼΪֻЩɣûпʼҶ֡
һϻż侲Ҳ˰ɡ
ѦСɷܲĳҪʱͻȻо·˸סˣһ㶣ͷһҩԵĻȥͻȻ˹
ôܣ
ѦС߼ƵҩٸߵΪҲҪԺüСʱ
ץס·ɫͻȻӵһԾ𣬾ĳ˹ſھͳҲҧ˹
ʱҲŷ֣۾ȫѪ˿Ҳֳ˺
ԾЩͷ
һ̣һסĲӣҧң󣬼Ҷ˼ҲЩƲס
ѦСóżҪҲ֣ͻȻҲһŲΪ֮һ٣һŹȥѦСеذ׸߷˳ȥЩ˵ǻŸʲôæӺˣ
ѦС߻ͷһһһһ𣬶˵㱼߶һץסĸ첲ҪҺֿһ֮£ȻҲûʱɫ䡣
ѦСڳƬ֮󣬺ܿҲæһһߣǿ
ʵʱ˵Ҳܴ󣬲Ҳӵ˶Զ֡
ңѾͷ󲡳Ҽ˭Ķ֡
һѦСʮַݺݵĿң﷢˻Ъ˹غҪɱ㡭Ҫɱ㡭
˷ŭҸϱӾгһ㡣
֪С͵˹ֲһжᣬͻȻôȻǱ˶ֽš
Ƕ˺ЩƲסʱǰһٴóҩǺܴҩͷȥһΣǰһ㣬һΣٴλ˹ȥ
ĵȥһ˴ϡ
ѦСҲƽһЩôˣ
ղҳˮմӾվ˵¶Ҫ˵һʼ˵зǳҪ飬Ҿһʱ˽֪ѾͷҲͻȻ͵Ϯңһǰ͸оѾͷЩ̫Ծһҵסˣȴҵϡ˵ţұ֣Ķذ׸ˣڻѪֹ
Ҫɱ㣿ΪʲôҪɱ㣿һңɻ
ô֪˵ֱᵶҵҪ˹Ҫ΢ӵϡ
˵ţҴǬ˱óֹѪҩ˿һЩóһɴԼϲһȦڻھĵۡ
ѦСƬ֮󣬿첽ߵߣʼϵſƤһְۣ̽һͻȻһޱȳԾ˵ãӺǱ˸˽ͷ
ͷҺһͬ⡣
ѾͷһֱѦҩ̣ǵһ˭˽ͷأ
Ǳ˽ͷĻǿ϶ǽű˶ֽš


1447 赶ɱ
Һһ𾪵лعѦСͻȻֵСţϽӹסֽţʱпѹҪôǲҪôԼڵʶѾ½ͷǸ˸סˣɲƿء
ҲƬ̵ĳɣæǬ˱ӳֱס˫ֺ˫ţʱһŴǰЩ˵С߸磬ȷ˽ͷ
ȫȷΪͼ˽ͷˣǹ
˵ţѦС߾ͳſƤ˵ǿӵ۰ȫһĺɫѪܣ˽ͷףУɫں쳣ʶģ壬ԾǱ˸סˡ
֮ǰһֱö˶˵ģǵһδӺҶȳôͻȻ˽ͷأ˵ţѦСߣֵˣһֱһ𣬿϶ʱ䣬ű˶ֽţʲôӦǡҵ
һ˵¶ѦС߾üͷϸһҡҡͷŵҺȷʵһֱһ𣬾ʱҶſڵţӦòл֡
Ǳ˵ô϶ϸ룬ĸڳ⣬Ѿͷ϶ǽеģǼʱ򻹺ö˶˵ģ֮󣬾ͱֵЩ쳣һΪ˱Ť˿ʱѾˡҵ
ȱ˵ôˣϽϵĽͷ⿪˵᲻ʲôΣգһļ٣뵽ԼӵİΣ
ѦСҲǼͣһҧ촽ŵԣ
˵ţѦСߴóһ֮߰ǹ߰ﶼǴСС룬ѦС߽һ˳׼ͷϵһѨλֱӾͲ˽ȥ
룬һȥ֮ͻȻ۾˻ҺһæȥסЩƲסӳǣѦС߲ǸͻȻͷ˳˵ϡ
ѦСߴ󾪣æһ룬ֹ۾ͣķףһ֮˹ȥ
Һһ־£һɫˣ̧ͷѦСߣʵô
ѦС߶켱ˣյ˵Ѿˣ½ͷǸ˹ҵֶμΪų⣬ߵĶ½ͷǸ˶ܸӦĵҲڼӣҽ⽵
һ£ѦСֵ߽Ѿӻ˯˹ȥ߶޷סӦþ͵ҶȥҸ׻а취⽵ʵڲеĻǼλүƣǿ϶ԡ
Ǹ½ͷˣҪԸĿӦңΪҹſڶصľңǸղҲˣ˵Ҫɱң϶ǸʲôԹҵ
½ͷҪǶǵһЩңԽϡկ̩ǡ¼»̩ǱǱҲвٶ½ͷĸ֣СŸ磬ûеЩҵˣһ
ϸһ룬ͻȻһһȥկ֮ǰӱһԻ󣬶ǷǴ̩λʱһСһ·ȥǷСֱӸŪĻҪ˵ҸͷС֮ЩϵĻΪӽģ᲻Ƿﱻʰ֮вʣȻĴŶߵ֣Ȼ赶ɱˡ
ҽ˵һ£ѦСߺһúпܡ
һһ£ֵ԰˵ǷֻʶһˣӦò֪С߸Ĺϵô֣Ӧˡ
⻰˵Ҳ٣ȥʰǷʱ򣬾һȥģǷ϶ʶѦСߣ˵ˡ
Ҳ˵ֵˣӦʮ˽ҵ˼ʹϵ֪ҸѦСܹ֮֡
Ȼ䣬ͷһһһǸ˱Ԭ
һֱǸʱըһҵͷҲ֮ȥ
ҸճûãԬСӽ˳Թҵ϶Ϊ˽ⲻ
СӵɽǸطǵط׹ƽͷΪʢУҪ˵ҪңǼΪܵġ
뵽ָ˵һԬһʶСӣѦС߿϶ʶ֪һǶôսթ¶϶ܹĳ
ǲβ²⣬һжûжҪѦСϸ룬쵽ʲôֵˣȷ˭ֽš
ѦС߱۾ϸ˼һ˵һ𣬾ֻǹ֣ϳǵķ羰Ĵ߶ҲûнӴʲôˡ


1448 鴮׳
ˣԵ޹ʵľͻȻ˽ͷ϶Ǹʲô˽Ӵ
¶ҪǲףȻǺ
ؼǣѦСȻ֪⽵ͷôһ¶һĽͷҲܹǶеͷȴЩ޲ߡ
ҵǸ½ͷˣͷһܹ⿪
Щͷ½߱˲ܹġ
пܣҵѦҵλүӣҲһʮʮİա
Ūز˶Щż˭ᷢ顣
ҺһȰ˵ѦСߺú룬ʲôˣԽߴ٣ѦСߵԽңô벻ס
о仰˵ĺãйң˵һͨѦСҲЩˣֱӰ˰֣ǶҪ˵ˣú롣
ʱҺһű죬ѦСһ˼Ŀռ䡣
ļ֮£ɨһסֽŵ䣬ͻȻһ飬ϴһɫ鴮鴮μʱ򣬴ûмҲôעԵʣҲûз֡
ƫƫ鴮ˡ
鴮ڣɢһʮԲĹ󣬴ѩֱϣǰͻأĻһһϴ鴮ģʱ򣬴鴮𣿡
ѦС߿һۣ˵鴮ǹֵʱһСŮʮСϴУһӣ˵׬ǮѧѣҸһҿСŮͦģһҲ鴮Ǯϲô㻳鴮⣿
ҾôһʣҪǰô˵ûɶ⣬һʮ껹ѧСŮӦò¹ƣ֮⣬㻹ʲôˣֵ
ѦСЩ˵̫ˣǹĶеķ羰·رϲεصСԣûСԶҪͣһڹ԰˸ִ̼Ϸ˵ЩСʱûҪȫҲԸӴкüʮôֱ棿
ȥȷʵЩ̫ˣεû˭ȽϿɣ
ûУȫͨˣǵһ쳣ҲܸоѦС߶Ȼ
ҸѦС˵¶ʱһͻȻߵߣһذף̽˹ȥ
ҺѦСһѦС߶ʱһסһɶ
ܸɶ׸磬ܸɶҾ뿴ϴӣ˵ͳأǲܷŹһϸڡ
˵ţһСذ̽˹ȥǴӴ˰
˵һҲʮСĵģһ鴮ǽͷý飬ʮյŪԼҲп˽ͷѡذ׽鴮ϰ
һⷬٶҲҺѦСߵĿ⣬׷״ȥ
ЩӶʮԲÿһŶڷԼܷһ㡣
һذţԼĴǰϸ
˶һȥʱͻȻҿһԼ΢΢һ£ĲôԲˣæһһ֣СģйŹ֣
ôһģһذ״ӶֱӶ˳ȥǴӵ˵֮󣬺ܿͷֵ飬ЩԭԲĶͻȻ˹һɫļ׳棬߷˹
ȥһ˵ˣӹйŹ֡
һЩͻȻ˹˼׳棬һɣ˶־ֿ֣ȥ
Щ׳ʮִһӵϷֱ֮ӷɢֳĲֱĸ˶ÿ˶׳Χмֻǳȥġ
붼û룬ֱӿٵշ䣬һǱߣһԼǰ
Щҷļ׳棬һײշ֮ϣЩʱ䡱һȼڰ֮б㻯һŻҽĵ˵ϣЩ׳Ҳͬһ㡣
ѦСߺһҲͬʱ֣ó˸ԵķЩ׳ȥЩ׳ǵвԵǲȫǼ˸Ūˡ
ȫų亹ҹûп鴮⡣
ѦС߶˵ϣһذףһ±Щ׳棬üͷһ˵Щ׳涼о綾ҴûмƲǹеĶ棬û뵽ǸȥСŮȻ˽ͷ
½ͷĿܲǸСŮпǱˡһ


1449 ת֮
ô֪ѦСɻ
ܼ򵥣ղ˵ˣǸСŮУһһ鴮϶Ǹˣڽͷһ沢ǺóôСһСŮҲܶôĽͷԣǸСŮ϶һѧֻǱˣԷôǲ֪ǵ٣ǸŮҲȥңҵʲôҲ֪һ
ʲô˼¶ѵôˣѦС߼
ȻܾôˣȻڶ㶯֣һûгɹ϶кڵǣڰľֻеȴǿ϶СŸٴ֣ʱ䣬˶ָ߶Ⱦ裬֪ͨϻͰչ˵һһսһ
չˣƲְܶɣҵ
õģչֻĹȣʱһֱǼʮȫţѾָĲˣֻҪͲʲô⡣ѦСߵ
һоκ˴鷳
һιկ֮УǾѾʮ鷳ˣҶ׹֮Ҳ̫
һθ˼Ǹ֪˭Ķ־Ȼ˽ͷǸûнӴȫһֱ״̬
Ƭ̣ҽֵڸΣ
ȱˣȽ͵ҶȣҵȥƣҲûԷǸµʲôͷ⽫ͷͻȻѦСߵ
֮أ£˱յߣ㽫ӴϱȻ󾡿͵Ҷȥ
Ȼû뵽ǣǸոսӴϲͻȻٴ˹ûκԤס
һǾҵԭϣ˼֮ɫ﷢˳Ƶ˻ס˫ֵӸоЩŲסˣʱбϵĸо
ǼЩæңһƽķҲС࣬ǴʱͻȻʼڴڵѪһأѪ֮лһЩֵĶϸһۣѪ֮лŵľȻһЩ鲣Ӻ֮Ķű˾޶˿ֲ
ôˣɱҡһץסĸ첲һ߻ζһߴ˵š
˿̵һ϶ᣬѾͷòҵѦңȻһۿžҪˣȴͻȻ˽ͷ
ѪľͷʮˣѰ⼸Ѫˡ
ֲĽͷȻ³鲣ӡ
һʹģӦѦС˰ɣ𣬾ߣȻܹУҪǣΪİŮˡ
ͷˣԷѾʼѣҪءѦСߵ
⻰һڣҺһŵĲᣬŲѪһһֻ֣һץסѦСߵĸ첲С߸磬취һҪȾҾôһӡ
ѦСһҧ촽ǹ˵ҲͲǆˣʵҪӻһ취Ǳöת֮ϵĽͷתƵһϣͷµһηӦʱģһͷתƵϵʱǾ;һغҶȣҸҽΣεļʱĻҿ϶ܹ
Һһͬ
ǲ֪¶ôֻԼʱˣǾͶҪ˺ðɡѦС˵ţûиٴ˵Ļᣬһסཻ֣ȻٵĴ룬ϵļҪѨȥ
Ƭ֮һֱѪֹͻȻֹͣŻ£ѦСߵͬʱһ˫ͬʱкƬܹ֮ԵĿһɺϢתƵѦСߵϡ
һĻҺһʹ絶ʣͬʱֽŵĲС
ֱ⣬һǲ뿴顣
ڵɲҡ
֮ѦС߲ͬʱһ٣׷ֹͣ˲Ȼ˽ŵ˫ͻȻͷֿˣѦСֱͦͦĳź浹ȥ
ۼֿ죬һѽѦС߸ס
һ򱼵˴ߣͣҡѡѡ
Ƭ֮۾ЩãȻĳɨһۣʮ˵硭ģҵͷʹղžʲô
ˣϽ·ߣҪһЩһ


1450 ǸȦ
ɣȻԴκģ֪Լʲôµ顣
ȻҲûʱ͡
Ǹղ˼ڿѪԵʣжв㣬һҲ˲ôˣֱô˶кҸϽߡ
ѦС߸ոսǽͷתƵԼϾͻ˹ȥһһ˱𣬱㳯ٵıȥȻҲǸոߵ˿Ҿ͸оұŵѦС΢΢һ£Ԥ׵ģѦСͻȻ˫ֱ֣סҵĲӣղһ㣬ѦСߵĺҲһƺ֮кղִ
˫ָϻǯƵģͻȻסҵĲӣʱҸоһϢ
ֱɿ˫֣ҪѦСסҲӵ˫ѦСſ죬ҵϿ˹
ҵ˫ֶʱҲסѦСߵĲӣһʱѷᡣ
ڴʱһϽæòײŽҸѦС߷ֿ
ѦС߿ɱʵˣƤȻԴǰᣬѦС߱һסʱæȥһƣһĺ˹ȥһѦСߵĻ˯ѨϣѦС߸˹ȥ
ֱӽѦС߸廨СͻȻ߲
ò׽ѦС߸ʰˣһֱɳϵĿɿڴʵ硭С߸ôˣ
ˣ·˵ʱˡ˵ţһ㽫ٴαҲ˱סѦС߿첽汼ȥ
С¥£ҵԼĳӣȫ˺ϡ
һһҸտˣǵм䡣
һöˣҺ̫࣬һӣǷ۵糸źҶȵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ڳϵ˱ҡһΣо˴ƬƵġ
ո³˼Ѫɫ԰ף⽵ͷ˺ҲС֮󣬲ſߵңһеʵСŸ硭ΪʲôԴС߸磬׷ʲô飿
ҳƬ̣¶֪ôڡ
СŸ磬˵ɣݶ飬üһӡǰ濪һ
һ˵ٴδߴҵСŸ磬ôˣ˵
£Ҳûа취㽫˽ͷȻѦСͷŪ㽫ϵĽͷתƵԼϵ
һѦС߾ȻΪԼԸԼͷתƵԼϣʱжϡﻩֹֹȥסСߵ֣ŵС߸硭ôôɵΪʲôҪô
ľҶЩĿҺѦСͻȻʲô۶ӳɿ֣ҺοѦСߺܿͻᱻ͵ҶȣѦҽΣõģСơ
̲סڿޣ˿ǶѦСʮиġ
һ·ۣܿͳϳǣֱϲɽȥ
һ·۵糸Ҳ˽һСʱŵ˺Ҷȡ
֮ͣǻһһǳѦҩ̵ķȥ
ʮֵǵİΣĹ򣬱ɡ
û룬ҪڵʱһֱڻѦСͻȻ˹ѦС߱廨󣬸ãȴҲûֻһ˫Թ۾ĶңǻһĨЦ
ѦСˣһ
Ҳ⽵ͷôֲȻԽ˸ӡ
㣬֮ѦСһ·ãһ˼ƤͻȻ䣬ſ˵ˣһİģԴ˻Ƶɤ֪⽵ͷ˰ɣ
һŲΪ֮һ٣ʱݺݵ˵ôĵ˭ʲôжһкΪʲôҪҵ֣
סѦСͻȻЦһҪѻţԼһ޷ĳ㣬סһҪԻҪǵҶһŪ
˵ţסѦСһЦ￪ʼϵӿѪѪˮ֮лͲӡ
֮ǰһ޶
ѦСŪ죬һҲķһ걻ƵѦС˵Ļ֮æҡҡͷ
ҿѪѦСߣһʱҲ֪Ǻˣ£һٴѦСߵĺϣٴλ˹ȥж˶ԷѦС֮Ĺ
СŸ磬㲻ȥԾǸȦףѦС˹ȥһ


1451 Ͻ
ԷڳסˣųɱУ¶˵ơ
ڻ޷ȷԷʲôˡ
֪ǸȦףǿ϶ҲҪȥҲȥ޷סʱ䣬ԷпϾȡѦСߵ
ҶԽͷ˽ⲻ࣬˵һƬհףĿǰ˵ȨѾԷȫסˣǱѾú޵͵ҹȥͶء
Ƭ̣ұһˣѾѦСߵļſڣҽСߺͻȥȥǡ
СŸ磬ȥģǽѦСͻȥ֮ǽϰչϻһȥܶԷʲôͷǶ޻ءһ
ˣ˵ˣȽͻȥ˵ѦС߻˹ȥҲĶԷͨʲôֶΣܹߵ̸Ա㲻һٶ̸۴¡
£Ƕ˿ٵĽԱѦҩ̣һһýţһߴţУƬ֮Ժʹ˽Ųһ߿첽һﲻͣԹ˭ҹģ¶˵
ǻеģϴԸ
ܿ죬Ժű㱻򿪣Щ˯ĻһҺһϷֱһˣ࣬ҿʲôǲ˵һȥôŻģ
һٸͣѦأϽ˼ҳ¶ˣһһ˵ţһ߱ٵĳԺȥ
Ѧ˯ˣǵȻͺһأ²ҵ飬첽ԺȥĹԺＦɹչҲ˳ײǣҲǴΪԾ
ǵզˣֻǸ˵Ǳ˰㣬С˽ͷչŴԣҲһҲͷһ˵ͷ¶
һ·첽Уʱ㿴и·Ѧɴһ첽˳
ѦһǻﱧŵˣҲһæʵ⡭⵽ô¶
˰㣬˽ͷԭ⽵ͷϵģС߸תƵԼϣ˼ҿưɡһ
ͷѦҲһ㶣һͷ󺹵ǣһŵû¶ҲҪţϽС߱ϸơ
˼ұȽϵŽѦСߺ˴֮С
кüŴҺһֱƽ˴ϡ
Ѧкһûиùɨһˡ
ŵģ˼򵥵˵仰ʶѣߵѦСߣǳſƤۣɫžһûͷ
˵仰֮Ѧһƣȫżͣһֲԡ
ʱ򣬻ѾݹĹ߰Ѧ彫ǹ߰򿪣óһ͸Сƿӣȡ˼Һ壬ѦСߵ̫ѨϣȻó룬ֱ̫Ѩϲ롣
ǵҺ壬һʮֵζоرϤӦþʬ͡
û뵽ѦҲֶ
Щ֮Ѧ˲֣˵½ͷֶʮָҲһЩ˶½ͷ·ԾͲһӦǶЩҹĸ֡
һ£ѦֵȽͷͨСߵ۲ߵĶղʬͷסСߵţСϵĹʱߵĶˡ
Ѧ˵ţٵļСߵ壬ǰǰ·ϵĸλظλ˼£̾Ϣһֵ⽵ͷʮѽ⣬ͨĽͷһֻϽ⽫İ취ʮַΪĽͷʦҲҪķһϷҲûмɰգ˿ƫСʱԶҪλүӳˡ
½Ǹͷʦ⽵ĻǲǺףʵ
ȻС½ͷ˽⽵ν׾٣½˸С߼ȻֻϽûţ
һ£ѦֵˣҲǶ˵ˣȥСȥλүӣûϣ
˵ţѦһѱСߣٵĳԺ汼ȥ
Ѧ屧СˣҵȭͷȻյĿ죬ѦҲ첽汼ȥ
ûһһסңСŸ磬㲻ԼȥɣǱ߿϶޵͵ȥأ㲻ܹȥ
˿̣չͻлڹʵʲôһ򵥵ĸ˵һ£˶ʱɫ䣬˵ҪһȥŪǰ˵


1452 µԼ
ڵЩӣ˵ֵܼһϣѪƴܽ飬Է˾һˣҴ˹ȥĻǱ߿ֱܾӴ߶ͷСһغ
Ҳ˵ҹȥ֮ǰһʱ䣬ѦСߵʱȫҲܹѦСȡһЩʱ䣬λүӳֵĻܹסѦСߵ
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫҵ
ղͨСߵĿڸҴ˼ҪǴȥѦСߵ³ֻ·һ
ѦĿǣѦҵλүӳ֣ҲһܹѦС߾¡
ֻðһԣȥԷһ棬ʵҲܺ棬Щжֵ˵˭
ʱ棬˭һҪǽͷʦ׽ˣȻѦС߽⽵
ܣѾԤϵȥ϶׶༪١
żߵֵܣҾԼƽ˵ԷղѾСߵĿ˵ˣֻһ˹ȥǹȥĻ̾ͻŪСߣңһȥĻ˱˵ĵɽ֮ƣһӺѦô죿ԣҪǲõģǴ򲻹ߵı»еġ
Լȥһտӣȥһʱ֮߻ĵĸȥԮ㿴Σе
ҲãԷȻôѾȫ֮ߣ뵽ģǲҲӦö뵽ǵʱҲСһЩȥˡҳ
˵գұ֣Ȼ뿪
뿪Ѧҵʱҵͱޱȳ
ѦС߸ոյ˻Ƥ棬ƺˣȴҶ˽ͷⶼҵĳŪġ
ܵľҵѺˣΪҵԵܵв˺һŪһԲ
ǸѦλүӾȻѦСȡʱ䣬߶ٶȲ죬һ·ţһӦ֮ͬʱ˼ĸ˶Ҫ֡
ҵĳ̫ˣһʱ仹޷ȷһ
һ·λƵͣĵط˳ӣұ㳯ϳǱ޷ĳʻȥ
һСʱ֮ҿǸط
޷ĳϳǵıܾǰһƬʮַٵڣ֡
޷ĳ͵ˣȥ¥գֻʣһЩ߲оɵķݻЩҲ̮ˡ
طԵʮưܡ
ҹ棬ҹʱ֣ܸоֺ
ͷ֮ϣһ£б֦ͷмֻѻ¸µĽţ˷ơ
ƽҹҲһѰҹ
ҶʱĹһƬʱо쳣ĳأ֮ƺƯһɱζ
ܴ󣬰쳣ҷ޷ĳǽͷһڼž˵ĴԺ֮С
ȻƳӵԺһȦ֮󣬷طû˳֡
ѵԷΪǰˣ
Ϊ·ϵʱ̫࣬뿪ˣ
߶һȦ֮ұɿһηţٳһүˣ
⻰ʱҶ˼ڿտ˵Ƴ֮صĹĵ
˺һ֮˰ƣ˷ˬʵĴС˵õΪ㲻ˡ
˵ü˵ģܹоǸ˵ģ޷жʲôˡ
Ƭ֮Ժ֮ͻȻһ磬ĵϵҶ졣
ǰƳͻȻ߳һˡ
ǸеĴ磬һͲǻĵĺУΪװĺȫһ߾һУǻУΪϤеĴһɫɮۣ¶˴򣬳\ݣŴͷŽѾӣʮֻĳ˹
װЩǲشǱߵˣϸȥĻŷ˲ǲصصˣӦǴϱ߹ġ
ʮƣһĶңȫĞų
һˣұ㾯ϵϢ
˸оͦǿģǸߣ֮仹Щ⡣
ʮ׵ĵطͣվһ
Ƭ֮󣬴Ƴ֮߳˼дˣǰһ磬ֻǸ߰ݲһΪҲǲβ롣
ȫ֮󣬲ɫľͽΧԺӵм䣬һ仰Ҳ˵
һ˽ͷ˸ҳ𣿡ɨһ⼸Уʵ
Ȼһ䣬ͻȻͷһмСͻȻҵϣҲȻǾѻǹ


1453 ˾һ
ЩСϵʱҵͷ
ԾǾѻǹмҵؿڣеֱָҵš
Ĺ˿һִۣ޷ĳĺüλžѻ֣϶֮ǰѾغ˵ġ
޷ĳǽͷҲλǴ˷ֱӽҸסˣ϶ҽӣǸҲһ֣ͬʱҲ϶ҽ϶
ЩСϵʱҲ
ȣȷһ㣬Щ˿϶һصˣȻΪа̣һصᶯǹеǻߵĵߣ˭Ҳá
ҪŪҵˣ˭أ
˼ʱ޷ĳ¥һشǰһɫӰ
ӸµĿңǴһĨаȵЦݡһ̣ͻȻһ˶¥ش鲣ɢһء
̧ͷ۾ϸƣҿʱ򣬺ܿϳ
һʧ˺ü꣬Զ̩졣
Ҳֻһﰮװȣϲһɫ·֮ǰͬǣСһͷٴɫװоײ࣬Ź֡
ʱǰĸ߰оҴ˿Ѿ֮ϵ⣬׸˫ֲ˿㶵΢΢ЦǰǸ죬װȵ졣
ڸҫڸҳ԰ڡ
·˵㲻ҪɱôѾֶһԣ
Ҽ˵Ĳǰ㣬ط޵ǾҪҲӡ
ΧҵǼĪ֮⣬ʮǹ׼ҵԴλá
ֻҪһ£Ҿͻᱻɸӣɥ
˺üʱ䣬Ŵһָ±һ˵ݸһѩѣӹȥŽ˱ϾϾôȼˡ
һڣ³һỤ̃˵˵һֱңҲ֪Ϊ£ңһЩµֲԾʹôһֶΣ˹˵Ҳˣٵû˰ɡͦġ
΢΢һЦ˵ǰüûˣһΪ㵽̩ˣϳǣһ뵽ľңʮָж
˵⻰ʱϸ죬ʱǰʶǸȫһܹоѾǸߣһͦȻûǿҲ˶١
е˾ĵԷеǽͷһа֮ˣΪͻͽһ㣬Ǿǵĸʵ̶̵ļʱûܹĸı䣬ԼãҲķһġ
һЦֵǰѾ˳Թ㣬ҵŮˣұ磬궼һؼңҪ˵ģڻʲô˵ڹҿͷһܹ飬һȫʬ
һһסտ䣬ֱ⡣
ȻˣҲ˵죬ҲͿżɽɣߵ֣̫ôصˣ֮ǰҲ˵ˣ͸ҵѽ⽵ͷˣǲǸгŵˣ
üͷһЦ˵ѽ⽵ֻ˵㲻ҾͻŪû˵֮͸⽵Ǹһðɣ
ţȣҪҷˡ۾һУɱʵˣԴҿһ𣬾֪϶ŹѦСߣӾˣޱȡ
һ£Ĺһۣٴζҽǲܻ뿪ˣ֮ǰأһʣҾ֪Ϣǲ͸©һصģȻһصΆвң
Դˣ쵹Ǵ󷽵ĳ˵ҸΆ˵ģȻҵòŮˣԸˣҲ㣬οôҵĳˣܱ㣡
ãܺã㵹Ҳˬ죬Ҫľ仰ǽ˾һ㣬Ҿͷ꣡
˵գһ̣ұ߶ٰ˲Ƴһ˹ȥ
˵ղǾ仰ʱɫͱˣ룬ҵĵȻΧ֮£в
̩ʱ̫ˣΪǵǸСһʮԬܴѪֹ⼸Ĺ⾰ҵΪͻͽͬն
ҲͻȻ߶ٰ˲ʱǹͬһʱ̣ͳҸղվĵطк


1454 ɮ;ѻ
ǹģʮֳƣֻǷˡۡ춯Ҹղվĵطɣשѡ
ʵҸ쳶ƤʱҾѾųȫΧ˵ĺǵһһҵ֮УֻҪǱ춯ұǰ߶ٰ˲㿪ǵĹΧ
룬ܹȷЩǹˣ϶ߣǹֶΣҲʮ˵ãÿ˵϶մȾǴ̩ɱ֯Ҳδ֪
ֻҪʮߣұܹͨųӦϵȣȷˡ
ڵһ˻ûп۶֮ǰҾѾŲƳĴŶȥҪٵı¥ȥ˵
׿ڳˣұ˶ʹʱҵͻƿڣˣȥȴԼǾͲҪĺˡ
Ȼطʮѻ֣̩ĴУ̩ĺекеа置;Щˣпܱ̩ĺɮˣЩɮʮаţʮĽͷ
ǹǽͷûôӴзʽֶΣ϶ڳ֮Ϊа
֮аΪĪ·ܹں޷֮¾Уܶʱ˷ʤ
ҪԸֶΣҲԼ򵥣ǾǲܸЩκε֫ӴеĶӴԼǿֶͨܶθ½ͷ
ԣЩˣֻеķ˵
Ҹո㿪ЩѻֵĹΧ̱һɮҵǰ͵һϵӣ˫һ裬޾ĺ֮лһ̱ǵζɢ˳
ֻ΢һЩͷǣǸϽס˿ڱǣǼһһ˹ȥӴֳ֮һ̣ٷ֮һ벻ʱ䣬ǹŵæٵļ߶ٰ˲ϵתŲܶʱӵǲҵͷƤӷɹȥġ
ֻҪ΢Щʧ߶˰ٷ֮һ룬̱ɥĿܡ
ЩɮҵͼǵҲŲĺܿ죬ֱӿٵıҵǰ棬סҵȥ·
ڲϱ任εʱӵһ߲ͣǵǹʮ׼ͷҵμһƬӰһӵʱڳ߰˸ͬķλʼղȷҵλ
˱Σҷһʮص⣬˵ЩɮˣЩǹֶܹסҵֽţҴ粽С
Ҫɱ죬ͱҪЩĴǹ֣ԶǶ˺вΪصġ
һ֮󣬱ı֮ǰ뷨ȥЩǿĺɮתȥѰЩǹֵټ
Щǹֳеǹܹв֮⣬ֶΣŪǾ͸һֻǰס
һ̣ҵһΣ㳯ǹֿٵı˹ȥǸǹ־ͲԺڵĽǰкܶﵲǰ档
ұǸǹֵʱ˳㽫Ǭ˱Ķʦ˳׷ҵĺɮ˹ȥ
׷ģɮ۵ǸɮҶһʶıеֱӽʦָ
۵ĴУĺɮ׷ҡ
Ļδ䣬á䡱һ죬ǺɮֱӱʦڵˣӶʱͳһ
˵ǺɮӦҲѸ٣ڻɵɮ۵ʱͽӸ˳ȥڵϵʱȻһŻҽܹģֻлðŻĶʦ֡
ңʦ֮󣬻˻Դһ˲͸ƵģһСţһСĹͳЩɮͳ˹ȥ
Щɮļʦޣһŵ۴Уʱ˷硣
Щѻֳ˲ϵĳҵķǹ֮⣬׼˶ʦ֣Ͽ
ǶʦƤϵ֮ʯͷڻЩӵƶûϣ㻯ˮ
ôһĹұ㱼ǸѻֵĸǾѻһˣʱңæҪһӶݣٰ˲㵽ߣǰ棬䣬ôһͷ­һǻѪ˵ͷʬȻء
˵Դڵϣһٰ˲ٴιȥһͽԴվڶ¥ڵ˹ȥ
վһƺŪг㣬һֱס˵Դһԡ


1455 ޴Σ
ʱ죬һԹߣԼߵɥȫ޶ԣǻһĨЦݡ
Щԭ׷ĺɮͻȻֵĶʦŪķңðĹʲôֶκ񶼶𲻵ʲôãʦҲǲܲˣƾڵĻ棬ЩɮǺֱײŵЩһǷ׷׶ܣƨ
Ҹ㲻Щɮ·ͬʱҲ㲻ҵ·
ڵ̫˽⣬ֻһҪΪ̩УӼǹ֣أҲ̫һЩ
ҸսӴûõʱ򣬿϶ܹ׾ٵŪңһɮҲУȴΪҪһ㣬ɳͬʱҲڷٵĳɳɳĻҪ죬Ҹ֮Ĳࡣ
ĵЩͷԣֲԤУ˵˱֣ӦһЩҲǣȴûУֻվڶ¥شǰһ߳ѩѣһеĿңڿһϷݣһж޹ء
ܼǹڼţӵɴ߲ͣĻڶʦֳ֣Щɮγ˶ݵĻ֮ʱڿٵŲΣٰ˲ѾҴ߶˼£βϵı任ܿͳһ˵ߣ䣬һͷշ
ɱ˾ѻ֮Щѻֺܿ׹ǳҪɱĿ꣬ʱԵЩǹҲʧȥ׼ͷһ˲俪ʼɨ
׼ͷһЩǹһңӵɣҶٰ˲˵ոһ̣ӭ˺üӵΪٸߣһǹҲ̵ɶϷ
ǽѩʱɽˣŵ̩ɽôߵΪЩСձӵҺεºܣոӵӲӲ£ЩѻֵǹһңҾͲһϾɵĻ棬ӵǰķϾɻ棬һ磬ŵԴ©
ڴʱʦǱͻȻ˱ʣǼɮھݵĻ֮󣬺һʲôŹֵķһˣʦְΧߴĺʲôڶʦֵĽһźƳһŹֵͼͼҴûмǶʦͻôȻɮסˡ
⼸ɮΧڶʦֵʱ򣬲ͣĳʲôҩۣƺܹסʦϵڽı䵭ŭĶʦֲͣķ˻Ȼô
ƶʦҪԴ
ұڴ˴һʱҲ޷ȥԮʦ֡
в꣬ҲǶһ֪֪οסʦ޵İ취
ҪܹСȳһ¾ͺˣϢĳЩѻֵĺ棬һǶˣҲܼ᲻ѹڳԸǼɮ
һǷϾɻĺ棬ŹͨһǬ˱еȣȻܹܵȵϢȴûκλӦڳ˯֪ʲôʱܹ
ǰﲻʲôæˡ
ڴʱͻȻһһ취æ˳ʼ߶콣еĽߣһƺеĽâһʱֶǧӰЩѻֲڷ˹ȥ
ͨųĸӦܸоЩ˲ʲôطܹǵĺ֮˽һܹͨʶĵĳڡ
һǷϾɻĺ棬˽ҽУܼǹʱϡ̧ͷһǽڿٵߣǼڰľѻȻֻӴܣԭضˡ
ܵȥ꼸ǧ֮ڣȡ׼Щͨ޷ѽ׷ɱġ
Ҳǹʱ̾ٴδǬ˱ͭǮֱӴǷϾɵĻ˳˵ͳǼɮ˱˹ȥ
ұЩɮͬʱͭǮȻҵͷ֮ϣֽ˼ʮöͭǮȻͭǮϴͭǮϷ˳Щɮķѹ˹ȥ
ȻҸոսͭǮʱͻȻķоһ־޴Σգһ̣æһٰ˲˳ȥá顱һ졣
һӵҷ˹ҲҸոմ֮ʱǿӵͳˣôҵĸ첲ϣǲҵĸ첲ɹȥģˣҲҸ첲ϳһ⣬Ѫɽ


1456 ֽϻ
̧ͷһʱһ˾ѻǹ׼ңһЦ
ûղһǹġ
ǹЩͨǹֻкܴģһǹְߣǸǿµ
ܹסĞųҲܹסҵĞųжϳһٰ˲ŵ㣬Ӷȷˣֲ̫ˡ
Ȼ׷ңӵȴܹ׷ϡ
ӵҵĸ첲ʱҾȻûо̫ʹΪʹڸˡ
һ֮컹ûп۶֮ǰæٴδ߶ٰ˲һߴ߶ٰ˲һֿٵĻշҵǰ
ֻշ仹ûлҴ֮нǼ֮󣬶ӵ档
Щӵʱҵȷɹʱҽ±Žһ
֪ڹŪңǹУ˸ղŴҸ첲һǹ֮⣬ӵûҵϡ
ÿһǹ죬ҵĶڷͺӵһ̾ͻҵϡ
ڣǹ쵽ʱҾѾһշ䣬Ȼϣҵǰӵٴʱ򣬱㱻ϸסˣҲ˲ҷֺ
ϣվڶ¥조סһƺоʮ棬ٺЦѽû뵽㻹һ֣˼Ǿˡ
˿̣Һ޲ϾŪ죬ֻΣķʦֻڱǼɮţһʱڲʰ˵
Ĺ򣬸ղҼıͭǮȻǧͭǮЩɮѹ˹ȥ
û뵽ǣһɮͻȻ˵ǰ棬жһѷȣ˫̽ᣬֽһӡָ߸߾еķȣдһ
򿨡̰
ҿʲô⣬
һǺɮеķͻȻͷųһŨĺƺƵǵǰ棬ͭǮͷųͭǮײǺ֮еʱ򣬺˺ڶ֮һ㣬ʱûӰûʲôûˡ
Ҳʲô£ûм
Щɮʮĸ֣ЩĺƴɱҶʱûʲô
ǼûҲӲͷƤϣʦϵϨȥҵĶʦϻԴҪʦָϽջȥС
뵽Ҷ˵ٴ˽꣬Ǽɮһε˹ȥһ֣ǽٴαջУǼѻͱɱһɸɾ
ûЩѻ֣˵Ҽ˴󲿷ֵв
ǱߵľѻǹһϻӣҲõġ
֣ʮ㣬һһл㾦ʩչ˳âʢһѹõ֮һɫĹֱӴӽ֮˳ֱֳַȵĺɮ˹ȥ
ǺɮɫһȻٴοкһеķȣǵɫĹ˹
ȻһΣǺɮûס⻭㾦ɫĹķȵϵʱǺɮֱԭط˺üͷǱʱһ࣬ȻǱˡ
ĺҲһûеôһжֽϻ
һдǺɮ֮һ̣ұŽֱ꣬ӳЩɮİΧȦڣҪʦָȳǣŸǰͭǮ֪ŪȥˣҵøǺɮҪ꣬ҵΨһ룬ɲܾôûˡ
һ֮£ͻɽһʹ˺ü콣еʽˣ⽣зâ¶һչֳЩɮҲмܣ׷˱ܡ
ڴʱʦƵĳұ˹ЩҡҡλΣһֱ֣ץס˶ʦֵԴʦֵοٵСװǬ˱֮С
ЩɮʽȽаԣҶ֪ζԶʦγѹ֮Ƶġ
˶ʦ֮һεıɮΧһֵĽ֮ЩɮһӲˣ׷֮ģ˸Եķֱӷų˴Уҿһ\ݵĺͻȻһ˦֣һƬͳҷ˹
׹ƽͷּң֮Щǹҵаܶ඼ǴӻȥģǸаݱ䣬ĸײУ˵ʵڵģԴӴӹկ֮ҶԹֶĿ־壬һǧϣһڣǶҷų˹ƣһ治֪мܡ


1457 ƹ
ɮҪǵÿһΪ֮£Ǻȴʮǿȫܹγѹ֮ơ
֮⣬ڶ¥ǹ죬ʱ̶ڹעߵĶᰵﳯҷǹ˷ʤ
ֲнŪĵ⼸ɮټϸղʮѻ֣ж¥죬ȫ֮£ĿԽŪ
ʵһʼ쵹ռȻһʼܹ׾ٵɱֵҵģҪ־͹̫ϲװȣҪǰ԰һ˿̵жôһʼûзΧôѻֵ£ֱӾͳҿǹʱҾҲ㲻ȻɥȻҲأմȸղôѻΧǺ̫ࡣ
Щɮֶθʹֶȫһ·ǸΪֱӣûκεĻУеֶΣֻһĿģҪء
һַŴһ\ݵĺɮһѶ棬ЩеĻɣеٶ죬ЩƳ棬ֻѡ˱ܣʹٰ˲ֶζǶķΧҲʮޣÿֻգۼĹŲľ룬Ǹֳһбﳯʮֵĵڶٰ˲ڶݵĿյҪշԴ˵ֵǺɮųĹƳ档
շһ˲㻯һŴ򣬳ЩĹƳȥǻֵ֮ʱ䲢̫ǶԸЩƳΪЧ
ΨлܹЩƳγΪǿѹƣʲôƣһŻȥճ˻ҽȻǻƤǧּƷƣƾκβˡ
շ仯ĻֱӳЩƳѹ˹ȥѵܿ㽫ЩƳճһѻҽž죬ǻͷɳǰһɮȥ
Ǻɮֱһ֣Ϻâһ¾˻֮ϣֱӽշϨȥ
վڶ¥죬ʱʱķһǹǳƵ죬ܻľȻǵշ䵲ţǹͲҲܹһòһ־ء
⼸ɮУɢʧпС˿Ĵ⡣
˷ųƶ֮⣬ܿ죬һɮųһУóһСƿӣȻٵ˼ߴһͨƿ֮бðһẓ́һĿŮͻû˳
Ůȫһ˿ңȴκεУΪŮ˵ȫǵڣеĺؿڣеϸС絶ƬĿӣ񱻲˵˼ʮ¶˰ɭɭĹͷ쳣ģǰȻ˷˵ĥʹ
éɽڸڵĳҢйͨԭڶǵĹңнͷʢеĵطҲ齵ɹ֮ˣǰػܲпޱȵĥôǸʹôһһʱڲ˲ܻԹޱײУǰܵʹԽ࣬ĹŻӵײС
ǰǲҵĶ޷ˣһǺɮųһĲҽУֱӳ˹
Ʈ֮䣬ޱȣһƲɵƣСɹ֮ʱҲѷɫ֡
ааܹڶʱʮֿµĶڲϻеĽʱ򣬱ִǬ˱˷ʬߣֱӳǹ˹ȥ
ʬһóұٴ߶Ƿʬĩ˵Сʱâ˸ɷڣԭޱȵĹһܵʬߵϢʱƮ˳ȥ
ѽĹҲʬߣͺðࡣ
үģֹԣСүһĲ㡣
˵ʱͻȻ䣬һɮһԭ˼Ȼ䣬һźգۼĹǺɮͱһģһ࣬ǺëŴ˳
ȥôǴɽأ
ǴɵĺڽգһӾͳ˹
ҺеĽȥײһʱҵֲѾʣ궼˳ȥ
ǴһӾͳ˹
һɮȫų˴УҪٵأɮۿҲҪóұٲİ취ηǵñǸﲻɡ
ҽżһ棬Ӹˣ㿪ͷŭĴɣұ⿪˵еķӡǿͷ˳


1458 
үģֻдУѵСүû
۸ʵˣûţ
ȱ⿪ӡϻڵĲľ֮Ĵҵ֮ڶһ̣ұܵǸֱײĴɳ˹ʱ˲ҽٵĴ߶
֮ϵĻĲݶʱǳЩҵĺɮϲȥǵ˫ȶʱĲǻɵļһҲĻĲŪĽŲΪ֮һ١
ͬʱҵбӡǿڱͷųЩɢܿ챻뵽ҵڣٶ϶һ̶ȵ
书Ψ첻ƣ޼᲻ݡ
ٶȶȻӿ죬ǼɮһĹŽӭǸ˴ɵĺɮ˹ȥеĽһɨһѪ䣬һǴɵϣұΪһȥֱܹǴɵȸնȻǴɵϵʱͻȻһִٸУòܵ˺ܴ谭ɴɵļһƤʮֺʵֻնһ룬ͷʱͿסˡ
ҿǹаŵġ
ǣҿŲľ֮õϲĲݵʱЩɮܿҲӦ˹ҵӦ֮һɮҩۣŵϲϵĻǷĻĲݶʱĿήƣɥʧҲûлĲܹӵ֮
һľ֮ɥʧһãֻҵϣԴԴϵͷŶ
ƺоı仯ЩɮҵĹĸӷ
ʣµɮҲ̱˴һĹһûнͷųʱ򣬾ͳ˹
һʱ䣬оѹɽ󣬱ɮΧŴ򣬶һ׷׷ų˴УּӵĹ⾰Ͼʹˣ󱳺ؿڱһĹӳ˼ѪӣѪ졣
ǵĹԽԽͣһбһкۿҾͿҪ֧Ųסʱ
ͻȻ䣬һâţߴˡಡһ죬һɢŽĶȻײһ˴ɵĹϡ
ǴһƺߣӴ嵹˳ȥڵϹ˺üȦ
Сţסˣ
ǻеһпϲүģĻʱһͿסˣЩ̫ˡ
ղŴǴɵĶǻеϽ𲧣ֵǣеϽ𲧴Դϣ϶ܽԽӶĳǱϽ𲧴еǸȴֻڵϹ˼Ȧһܿߴ˻
ǼɮһаֹˣΪ֮һ٣ȫȥϽ𲧴ķȥ
ҺŽ꣬ͷһۣ˻֮⣬һһˡ
ʱԭ֮ǰǼ˾ˣȹԼǼ͸ϵ
Ҷôˣ⼸ɮΧǲ٣ʲô
ŻкһٵĽӽȻ䣬顱һ죬һ
ֿ꣬ǹˡ
СģһͻȻһһԾи˵˵ϣڵϲͣĴǹǵĶһ˹ȥ
òף˸ط
ֻŸˣǸ˶Ӹˣһɱ޴ľѻǹ
һ̣еϽ𲧱㳯ǲǸط˹ȥ
ʱкһŴӲĵط˳Ͻ𲧾Ư˵ͷ֮ϣأתǵβͣǰƶ
֮£зϻǹҲ˵Ƿֺ
һߴֵһ߶Զ¥Ͼžѻǹ죬ӣΪѾȥ̩˼꺣ַ꣬˲ɣ㻨үүͽʺ
ȥʱСӶʱܵˣɫʼǹеҲ޷вǣֱӶһԣʱһֱվһһɮͻȻһԾ£ŻǱ˹ȥ
һ￴һЩɮ۸ΧҵǼɮ̫һ
ֳסˡ
ŻкһԽԽҲſķϵĴЩǱ·˼ӣһմȾѪ
Ȼ֮ǰһƴ
˼թ֮ˣ滹һЩֹҵԮģղ֮Աɫû뵽ܹõɡ
ʱ򣬻ǸӶ¥ĺɮ˹ȥһ˹վһ


1459 аħ
еͦѡֱ֣ߵǸɮ
йи̩УһһЩ⻹һֵڴ顣
һΚzǽֱߣһСŸ磬ԲסˣʵڰСʱ֮ǰ͵ˣ֪ɮмѻ֣º֣ͱǸɱˣȽǣǲŸϹģһЩʱ䡭
Ҿ˵ǿ϶鷳ϡ
ǣⲻĵ⣬ĵѦСߵİΣѦ͵֮еʱҾѾǰˣҲ֪ôˡ
ţߵ˿϶ѦС߽ƣǾָ֮еλүˡ
ҸоĽͷλүӦûɶ⡣
ǣұѯһѦСߵ
һ֮ǰӷ֮дϢ˵С߸Ĺƣλүܽ⣬ǲŻӱ޵ĸϹ֣չ岡δȬտѦҺӣֻ˹
ܺã˾ͺã¥·Ǽһ𣬺ҵŮˣԣ˵ʲôǶ뿪֪
һüͷһŶ¥쿴һۣȻǿ϶ˣνɱ֮𣬶֮ޣ̣Ƚ⼸ͺȥʰװȷ
Ҹһûпʼɮֵʱ򣬻ѾչߵǸɮˡ
һ㽫ǽշ˳ɼǶôǰǸɮ
һ£вȲѵʱǲᶯֶεġ
ǺɮȻҲǺģҲѵɮۣ¶ϵһŹֵĺܣͷнǣªĳаħһؿڣʱһź֣аħؿԾȻվһ࣬޶˿ֲͷӴ󣬶˵˫㽻֡
ǱһҺһҲԷɮս
һļ룬ߵҲ˼֣ˣģѾԩϢͷ˳һЩ
ٶϣǿ˼֡
˿ٵĳ֮Уһ󿪴ģԷƾ˳ˣһƴ֮࣬Ϲ̸˳ĸ
ʵԶԶ⼸ɮ˲γ˵ľ棬Ϲ̣һ˴סһɮֱԭͣףͷܡ
ͷųһԹ֮ҵΪõһɮûϼУ㱻һ콣ţɥ
ߵĺɮһܾ־Ͷ
ȴ򣬴ĶԷǽڽڰˣǱԵЩҪǺɮǸаħʵʮǿڸǺɮٹʮ֮󣬱㱻Ǻɮһȭ˳ȥ
ãпǶסǸˡ
ȥԮֵʱ򣬵ͻȻӵûӣҲûӭȥֱ˵ϣ˫ֺʮٵ˷𾭡
ǸɮŷаħԪŻдӹȥʱͻȻŲһ٣ɫľ
ͬʱ˻пеľԽԽһʼʮоģ֮䣬һٸУƻֺꡣ
Ǻɮо˾޴вתܣʼܳ߰˲֮ǰͻȻзէ֣һԾȻССġߣֱӶסȥ·
һʮʮ٣ٶǧǧ򡭡
Ƿ׳ֺǧ
Զ֮Ƕо𷨵Ŀֲ֮ȥǺɮʱ򣬷ߵǸаħѾʼŤǺɮѾʹıסԴʹİ
ֱӱԴ˵ϣͣĴ
Ҳõһкʰڱʱ򣬻дĺеһŽ񷢻ãȻӽڵĸ𷨡
ⶼʲôʱ飬ҾȻһ֪صĺ
һĹߵļɮֱһɱһʱҲվŶ¥죬ֵزСզôأ
Ϊܸߵӣȴһֱûг֡
̧ͷŶ¥ȥʱ򣬷ǱѾտҲ쾹Ȼˡ
ʲôʱߵҶ֪
һ첻ˣһæͷһ˵һʣµ⼸Ϲˣˣȥ׷
һػһͳŶ¥¥ݿڿٱ˹ȥ˶¥һʲô˶ûУֻкһŶ󿪣Ȼǳȫƴɱʱ͵͵ܵġ


1460 һ
Ұһ䣬Сʲôʱôƻˣ
Ƭ֮ұ㳯Ŵڵķ˹ȥûߵڣý״һǱʲôסˣһɶ񺮶ʱȫ붼û룬̴߶ٰ˲ȵķ
Ӹո뿪ʮĵطűһʯɣССʯҵĺϣ۵졣
а꣬꣬ҿղŶĿ죬ҪȻҪһˡ
һ˻Դ죬һʲôˣͷȫϸСķĩʯͣµ䡣
үģ죬ܵʱ򶼲ӣղǶһס
׸Щ£ֱҶ˶
һҲŷӦ˹˴һﻹʲôӰ
һǲģֱӴӴ˳ȥһֱ޷ĳ棬޷ĳĺͣһƾɵԱ߻һӡŸϳ෴ķߵģǳߵġ
ȥ׷϶׷ˣٺõ򣬿϶Ҳûĸӵĳ졣
ǳԶȥķбĪѾģһӸˣһˣ֪´ʲôʱ𵽵׻ˣ
׿ڳ˺ס
̾ϢһֱӰԭ·۷˻ȥմӴȥӭһ
ңɫһϲղһˣһΪ㱻ըˣԸæƣҾ֪СŸ󣬲ô׵ľ͹ҵ
б࣬̾Ϣһ˵ҵû¶ǹˣүģ֪ʲôʱ
һ£ʵǼôˣ
ˣЩ̩ĺɮƢǲСҲײʲôһһ׽֮Լ˶ˡһ
ζлˣҪϻҹƽˡҵ
е¶ǲ϶ҲȫˣǼ࣬Ҫ˵ϵ¶һøǸ飬ҺС߸ˣǧȥǻǺֵܣʱҲЩңҾ֪СŸ϶ˡһϵ˵
һжҶ¶ͲҪˡ˵ţұһļ¥ȥ
һߣһʵˣλϹôһžˣк򣿡
λϹУƿܹһԮ־ͺܲˡһ͵
ҵ˵ͷԭô¶
˵䣬Һһ¥£ڵϣڵģ˫ֺʮׯϡ
Ķ߰ĵطǸĺɮѾȥʱеѿѪ۾ɵԲ
ǱǧֱӸġ
ĺĻڵʱ̹һ͹ˣȴû뵽
ҺһĶ۾ǣƨɣվǺٺЦôиղɣ
аСʲôʱڵģҺ
Ҳǰոմǽ򵽵ģ̩Ƕ֣ͦõģСأйе
СˣǸղŸЩɮƴʱӺ󴰻ߵģǴڲһףһըҡҵ
ֲøղôĶСţҲģСӵȥֻҪӲǸ缸֮ܽҾӦϵһصȫǣһ䣬ǽүҲһصᣬһص϶Ҳʮӡе
˵ең¶սæ
ұֻսһ绰ȥߵ򵥸˵һ£ս֮ʮӣ˵һܿʹ˹ˣԹһͨ˵ΪʲôǰкҲܴ˽޷ĳΧˣҲôɾ͸ˡ
˵ʱҲûô࣬һȣֱӾ͹ˣ뻹Щڣ˵
ڵս˹ʱָѦҩ̵İչһ绰ȥѯһѦСߵչǱߵǴ˺Ϣ˵ѦСߵĽͷѾλүӸ⿪ˣЩֵѦµĹ⾰
һѦС߽ϵĽͷתƵԼϣҲ־һҪô˵ȥˡ


1461 Ҫնݳ
޷ĳ˴ԼаСʱҵĹ⾰սʹһص˹ˣ⻹д侯ؾֱӽ޷ĳһƬˡ
ҹҲûʲôˣսż˺ܿҵվԺǡ
һѾʼЩɮʬ壬һʰЩɱľѻ֡
սҵңѯһߵľҽ½ͷҽ򵥵һ飬սɫ
˵ͷ˵Ҵ绰ʱҾѾȥϵϵүˣȽǱ߸û뵽ʱǵ˸ոմϢүѾٹˣѾ̩ĹҽڵĴ󲿷ʲѾתƣתƵʲôطĿǰûвүеʲϾֻʣһտˡ
Ҳ˵εж׼ԤıˣܲܰҲһ̩ʲôУ̩ʲôλãҳ
ôСӻȥ̩תһȦս巴ʵ
СӶͷʺˣҪǲʰΪ˾һ֣ҾһɣҵĻֻնݳˡҺ˵
¶ܰĳҪȥͲķˣǺðɣ¶Ұ飬ʱ䣬Ҹһ𸴡ս
򵥵ĸս彻һ֮˶ѦСߺİΣսǣų뿪ط
ڻȥʱ򣬻пɫһЦ˵СţǲĴȥ̩ҿ˵ǵط˵ãεʥأȥˣʲôʱȥЩû飬еܡ
Ҿˣǰһһʱ򣬶ڸɶôһ˵Ҫ飬أ
ǰһʱҾ͵Ϲ£ڸһóԺúȣһҴ̼̫ˣ˵ģʲôȥҶѾȲˡд֣һģ
ż֪֪ˣܰսǵ·͵ϸٹȥҲ٣Ķ֪ȥܸɶܹܲȥɣҵ
СŸ˵ļǣɲһز죬ҪԷĵϸҪ׼֣ϻҲżȵ̩ɶúõźź㡭һҲЦ
ޣҿɲϲѵģʱһͳһ¶üһҵĶǵöģôҲøС̩ðɡе
СҲ컨ǷǷģɶ¶Ҳɲˣһͷһۣ˵ҪôŰɣȲȥҶˣֱȥϳǣ椣ϾͲûȥˣ㿴ô
𡭡𰡣ҿɲּɫ֮ˣǻǻȥѦС߰ɣ¶Ժ˵
Ȼһؼʱ̣СӾ͵ӣҾͲһУ̨ɽ۾ʦĹŵӣܸɳʲô
һ·ţǾͻص˺ҶȣֱѦҩ̡
ǵʱѦѾѦСߴλүӵķ֮д˳
ʱѦСߣϵĽͷѾ⿪ˣֻǿȥЩߣǹȥʱ˴ǣ֣һģ
빲׽ǵĸˣǽȥʱ˵ɫһ죬Щִٵĸջ֣Ǻ쵽˲Ӹ
ЩЦЦһܿŵӣæ˵˼ɶǺĲʱǼҪȻһ
˾;Ѿˣһ˵ѦС߱Щ߳ŭûУ˵˵ʲôأҸղšղڸӰ
ŶԭǰҲû˵İҪҲҰѰЩһСңҵİۣ˵զ¶м˵
ѦС߶챻иˣæ壬ҪһУæȥסѦСߣοˡˡڸоô
ԶѦ˹Ц˵СߺѾͷѾûʲôˣǽͷһֻϽѾλүӸ˳ֻǻҪһʱ䡭
һ˵Ǿͷ
ʱ򣬰չִ˹´һۣҸ첲Ѫ߰ߣеСŸ磬ˣ½ͷĵʲôˣ


1462 ˮʥ
ѦСߵ棬Ҳ̸飬ȥ̩˵顣
ѾѦС߳˹ϵһҲ˵ȥ
չʳʱѦСҲһĿңҳƬ̣죬̩ˣⶼǺüǰĳԹˣһֱڻû˽ᣬιҪǶԸҵģӺС߸磬ǶԲסˡ
Сţɲô˵ҪҲùҵģҾӦСǣ鴮϶ֽţʱҪǶ࿴һۣҲڻŪֵزУʱ½ͷ飬Ҳһʱ嶯˵ĻɲҪȥѦСϵ˵
ˣ鶼ȥˣͲҪˣڼҺúҲҪ룬ԺҪСһЩһЩҪȥͲڴ˾ˡ˵ţҸѦһк뿪Ѧҡ
չҲһ˳
뿪Ѧҩ֮󣬰չ飬˴չһ顣
Ҫ˵ҸԨԴչһ̫ǻȴһǳʡ
ʱʬźͽԬһͬԸҵģֻǺʬҺͻе֮£ͭǮնɱ
Ԭˡ
û뵽ǣǰǸӸǸһֱûбҷļһӵ̩֮󣬾Ȼ˴̩ѧһֶ֮󣬻˴ֹɱҡ
ʵڴ֮ǰСӾҰ¹֣ܵһΣһصӺҸһصôӡ
Ҫ˵һһȽǾرֻҪң϶ûʲôùӳԡ
һ٣ٶҪ֣ҿ϶ٷŹΪѾȫҵĵߡ
ǸԬҲһǵߣŻ˽
չҸ֮ĳԹ֮ҲǺ޵˵ɩӶСӸˣ϶Ҫ͵һ仰Ǿɱ̩Сӡ
ڵҸܵҲĪвĵֱӴȥ
˵Ǹö֡
ڣѾǹ¼ҹˣֵڶ࣬Ҷһһֵ֣ڣҲи˵
һ˺ܿصϳУҼס
ȥ̩ʰѾᵽճ֮ϡ
ǻҪȴһЩʱóֵ׼
սǱѾ֪ͨ˱߷ϼӷι϶ͨ;ģпܾͨͷ͵ɻʲôֶΣܹڹòҪɱûгɹ϶ŷҪص̩ҪصУлûʲôǸһصϹϵģǻϾԶˡ
ҸоסĻӦòС˼ܵĺܣλعûص˷֣һλôˡ
һǸԶЩˣҼֱ˯ȥ
һֱڶʱҽӵսĵ绰˵ǱЩüĿˣЩǼɱĺɮȷϾǴ̩Ǳ߹ģЩɮĲӺ涼һŹֵƵǷħѮ˵⼸ɮ̩һаĳԱЩѻ֣ǹڵһɱ֯ºš֯ĳԱ󲿷ֶɹӶֱɣǲ˾аͼأϧǹܴɡ
޷ĳӳȥ֮󣬲ûлϳǣֻϳǼʮ￪Ķ¶һ棬ܿʧˣڣǸطҲǰѰټ
һʱ棬ƵħѮʲôǰôû˵
һվŵĻбǷˣæҽ͵ħѮͷɴˣǷд˵еĴħͷֳĦޣгħѮħӣͼǵŷڳɵ֮ǰҲ벨Ѯ棬ǾһڷŵӶŸɵĴɣ޶һ쳣аĴڡ
еܴȫս˶ҵǻʦ˵ǰ㣬ЩɮŷıħѮǵ͵ĺɮ̩ŷС˷̵ĽȫΥͽȴҲʮֹ㷺鼰ң顢ΡկҲкܶڣЩŷħѮĵһ֯ˮʥ飬̩Ϣ֪ˮʥ̩̾ڣ󣬾̩ĹٷҲΪǣʵ̫ˣпܣˮʥ̵ĳҪǣ


1463 ׷
ȥǰɣ
黹ãһ龹Ȼôͷ˵ôôĵĲУԭ˺ˮʥôһӴ֯ϵүˮ
Сǲѧãһӵ
¶սҲȷҲ컨ؽӺˮʥĸҲδ֪Щ֯ĳԱ϶ǮģЩˣֻҪǮɱ׵鶼ܸɵĳǮ˵֡
ټսʾҲʮΣص̩ʮּɻ䣬жֻ̩ĴʹݲܳһЩ飬ǴʹеҲ࣬صҲû̫Ĺˣ޷ȷеҵټһ򵥵ĵ飬ǵҵ̩һŵĳгֹε֪ûá
սṩˣţ޷ȷʲôԼϳʲôط
ѰټÿԼŬ
һΪͷ۵顣
ս˼䣬Ǳߺܿ͹ҵ˵绰
ҷŵ缸˶
Ƭ֮󣬰չͻȻСŸ磬ҪȻϵһ£ڱʱھ͸ṩҼǵڵĽӸǿڣǣֻҪл˵ĵطڵ˵һҲܹǰһЩæ
˵չĻң¶ڰæˡ
صڹٷ֮ߵ飬ڿһ֯Ľ·ϢͨĿõģ¶ȥ飬Ĳ
ǰʱ䣬ոոǻŵĻƤ棬ǻǷϴһء
ǺұڵĽӴһ绰ȥ˵һ
֮ǰȦӵˣҸʱ򣬽ӻЩ£˵û˵ˡ
Ȼָ˵һ̩ԼǺˮʥ顣
һ˵ˮʥ̵飬һҵšүǳޣô̩ܵǺˮʥ̵鷳
ҷ˵Ҳû˼ʲôˮʥ̣ҪԸֻһǸүĹ죬㲻˵̩ҲڵܲܰҲ飿
ӳһ˵ү˵ҿԸæǳǿ˵ǰͷˮʥ̣ǧɱǣһ鷳ǿ϶ܻŻ̩ҲпܱˮʥǶкܴǵһСһȣֱǾţ֮һëΪᣬǲ֪жֲֻҪӦ飬һж˵
һʲô鶼ȽСĽȻҾЩСˣǴսͽӵĿУ˵ˮʥ쳣ֲ֮ǻǾҪȥǵĺãǹȥɱ죬Ȼ۷ô򵥡
ҴӦ˽ӵȻ͸һ绰룬˵ҵֱ̩Ӹ˵绰˴绰̩ĸˣѰ飬ṩİʳסУչ˵΢˵ֽ̩ס˶ʮˣǱԼ⣬ҲԼҲټǾͲˡ
л˽ӣȻ󻹸һ£˵ллܼˣ¶鷳ˣǮ۶
ӺٺһЦ˵үⲻǴϴǻƤ棬ں׬һȣһЩأǾˣСһ׮ȥأǧǱʲôӣҪȻͻزˣǵطȹڣ۸ӣףү쿪ʤ顭
ӳһƤôöˣʮּ򵥡
ڹڣ޷ȷټˣֻ̩֮ܵѰڵ¶һЩüĿ
ˣ԰˵ڻǹѣ¶Ҳǰæȷʵص黹һЩ
ö֮Ǿ͵һЩȥ̩׼ˡ
ȣǵǰɴкЩ˵ϴ磬ڣǾĹǣǸϺ꣬¶ԲܵϵȣҪǲȥǻЩηηβ
Σһһ飬˵Ǹطز죬ֲͨȥ̩֮ǰǼܹһ̩ʱ˵ʲô۶֪ʱ˼ˣתͲˡ
ʵ߽ͦǿģͨǿ̫࣬Ҫ˵ڶʱڽһѧĹǲܣܹ˽ûġ


1464 ̩ʦ
˵Ͱ죬̩ʦͽһܼҵĲҵ鲼½ϳҲǵĲҵҪһ̩ʦʮ׵顣
¶ȥ֮󣬵ڶһ̩ʦһһͦƯŮģʮͣһȺүǡ
һ˵ʦͲ󣬿һϵоϴѧѧС̩רҵģȫǴ´࣬ǹ˾Աרġ
Ůʦְҵװβʩ죬Ե崿⣬ҲǼõģһо˹ӣһɫԵģ
ŮʦһȺүǣһ䡰ˢҵο˸оֵģʮ
һŮϿΣǼүҲʮ棬ʱһָʱϿεĸо
̫µģŮʦҲûнǣ̸ǵҲһЩ̩˵õԣߣǵߣǼʮǿҪȻҲ޷ͲôѶз
éɽͬһзţͬһӣĶܹ࣬Ϊ֣٣Ϊȴƽƽ档
֮⣬ڳ˵
⼸һߵУܹƵ̳ÿһһŻ߼Ķʺ϶û̫ģѧһԣҲʲô̫ѵ顣
֮ǰɴһ绰ͷϻЩ飬죬Ŵԥ˹
ΣûȥԼҼҲһˣνᳵ·
Ҽŵʱһ򿪣һȺүǾͶſڣĸһſڱһڴ̩ǻüŪ۵ĸһ䡰ˢҵο
Ūһ㶣ǾһȺħ֣񾭲һĴڡ
ѧ̩¶Ƕûк֮ǲŸ˵飬һܲԸӣ˵ǾЩ۶ӣǳôŪôаô
˵¶Ҳ⣬ܿǵѧϰ֮У죬ŮʦߵʱԼҪΣҲΪһˡ
ѧϰ̩ʱ䣬սҴһ绰˵ϳǸѱˣûҵӰӡ
붫ڵļҵĹ߸Ҳص̲飬רŴ˼͵뾳ŻҲûҵӰӣ˿ǰ·пûϱ߹ȥͨ;ߵģп͵ȥ˺СձȻתƵ̩һжпܡ
֮ûҵһ˿
Ѿص̩ˡ
СԽԽѲˣһС
ҲգҾûԻ׽̫Ļ룬ҲԶ̩ȥĴ㡣
һ֮ǻϾһЩ̩Ů̩ʦǳһſÿ˵ĵ÷ֶڰʮϣ÷ߵľȻǰչʮ֣ѧԡ
֮ٴϵս壬ǰѾһ̩͵ɻ·ߣһִˣ޷;Ǿֻ͵͵۷
ս¶ǰŵ׵ҲҼ绰룬ֱ顢εȵص¹ݵĵ绰˵ǱҲصפʵûа취ˣϵǣǻ취
ս廹ǿһ䣬˵Ǻˮʥ̵ˣЩ˵ĵ绰ͲҪˣ¹ݴ֮֡
ȥʲôˮʥôֲôл¹ҲҶǵжĵӣ
ԽңܾпҪ֮䷢ʲô
ԸҪˣֱܹҵСӵϳɱˣٺò
ˮʥаҲҵа֯ƨ£ǲŲЩһ
ΣֻȫˣԲǴӡ
Ϊڹ⣬һﶼܶϷ
ڳ֮ǰ͸ǿһ㡣
ܿͰˣ֮һ糿Ǵϳǳ˻ȻֱӵǼǣͷ̩
˵ʵôǵһγȺ˵Уֻһ棬ȥܶңĶһ㣬ԶҲȥǸһȥģҲǵڶɻ
Ҳ̤еĻ˵ⱲӶһһҲˣһƽˡ
飬бף۽磬ƽգֵ룬Ϧÿһ˶ģʵһͨˣҲδⲻһõ顣


1465 Ȼ
ɻСʱ֮Ǳ㵽̩Ȼһ˷ɻұһ绰ȥ̩ĸˣҲǽӽܸǵģȫΡ
绰ȥ֮һ˽ӵĵ绰ȥиʮ꣬ʮֿһǲǽܼҽܵˣʲôط
Ҹĺ˼䣬˵ҾǽܼҽܵˣѾȣո˷ɻ
˵үڻĴԵƬ̣ҵѾȥˣԼʮӾͻǼ棬ܼѾҴк˵ڵĹͺʹˣһҺда
˿ЩͷҶ֪զ˵ˣӰ¶ǿף˵˲ôʵڣЩ¶ƴӣǸǰ¶Ҳû˵
˵һڻԵһ˳㿴طķ飬ﵹǿʲôرˣ˶࣬Ҹҵ˶УҿĻǻ˺̩ˣʵҵ˳Ҳ࣬ǻƤֻ̩΢Եúһ
ǼһԵñȽһ˻۾ʹģϻ˻һ𣬶һָָ̩㣬оǸ̩õǲһԣͱȽֱӣ˵Ҫ֪ȥһѾ֪ˣαô鷳ɻƻ˵̩һԺжʮ𾴣ˣҲǸ̩ÿˣɶ¶ûС
ƲŴ죬ţͣ˵һȥ̩û˦־һӡ
ˣʮӲһŻ·˳˹˶ʮ꣬ƤڣǼСĴ˼ۣŴСʵλǴ³عģλǾү
ҾĿһۣ˵λ
ɫһæϹϾ˵үáүɹģСĽУ
˵ţееСӱ˸ƣһ˳ȥ
ǼȫǿֶΪеĶװҵǬ˱УⶫҲ鲻Ҳûʲô
Ǽ˶һۣоСӦñȽϿɿڵе󣬿첽߳˻
˻Ǳͣнһ۴ĳԣǼ˽ȥ
˿̩ĸˣһƬӦûĺܺãˣһôõĳˡ
˳֮󣬵кܿͷ˳ӣʻȥ
ҶһۣҪȥģи˵ҪȥţүĲҵڰţȲԶҲһʮ๫ԼСʱܵǿġ
ǵûʲôõĵģ缸һ飬Ҳ㡣
Ӻܿʻ˻ǼڳһʱĶЩִûô˵ǵȷǸ죬ճ˻˵λүλǵһ̩ɣ
ţһΡڸʻϵһص
ǺãλҪǲżȥүĻҾʹתһȦȻȥţǾأǵֵ
Ǹðòһ̩ﻹ̩׶϶Ҫתһת˵ţ㳯ҿһۡ
˵ʵ¶żãҲһʱȻˣȷӦǺúùһ䣬ҵ˵ͷʾӦʡ
ǵпųȵĴϿʻһ߿һϲ˵Ȱ̩׶Ҳ̩ĳУΪǡ̩֮Լ˳Ϊ˼ǡʹ֮ǡҪǷ֣167ĸ˼ɶȥˣʲôΰĶС޴᲻ɴݵĳСʷνʮƾãŨĶɫʡ
Сһ򿪻ϻӣϲ˵ҲͷͷǵǶǲרҵγġ
ųǸ缸תһȦǼʶֺĽ
طܶ࣬Ķǣۻң̻Ի͵Ĵݲʵ¡ׯµԷ¡洫˵Ľ¡ΰ׳۵֣
ÿһĽж̵Ľ˵ǶɫʵĹһµ˽⣬ΪȾۡƻֺĽ۷
˵ʵûҲǿһЩ۽硣
ȼҪľתһȦ֮󣬲춼ˣвŴǳŰŵʻȥСӸ˵ŵű֮Ϊ˵ãûʲôģҲʲôˣһϣطɾͲһˣʱүǺúתתҵҲɡ


1466 ϳ
ڵʱǴ뿪һ˵ʲôտĸٹ·һֱʻСʱǲ˰š
ȵ֮󣬲ʶ˴˴ķ
Ů߽ͷкܶףߴ඼һƤ̩á
ʻʱ򣬵Ĵƻ̵ͨꡢƵꡢҹܻ޺˸ҫĿڲԶĺ̲ԱߣɳҬéͤС¥ӳҶ֮䣬һɶȴط⣬űȻ毺õŮɳ̲߶
ǺһЩǰĻӦܹĸһЩ
һƬУвʱ㵽һƧڣһƬҬ֣ܿͿһƬټׯ԰ǰ
ׯ԰ȻȲǰɣȴһŷʽķ飬ֽﶼʮ־¡
һʻȥǴű㻺
ֱӽʻׯ԰֮ڡ
ɵڣǼɵöЩɵˣ⻹ⲻһǮ
ǵЩǰ˵Ƭׯ԰үĲҵ
ׯ԰֮˺һͣһܴıԱߣû³ұ㿴һ󸹱վڱſڣ֮⣬󻹸һٸȥӦʮ£ٸ߻վӣһһŮʮ¡
Ӹһͣȣӱǰһ˳ţ˵λүˣҪ²ã޷ǰȥӭӣλүһǡ
̴ӳһѱץסҵ֣λǾүɣŴ׹˵ǻǱңǰһˣܼ͸´к˵λǻĴһĶ֣һдλ룬Ѿ磬͵λݹˡ
磬ˣ˵ذЩ飬߶ţֲǡ˵ţһ˱㱻ټĲ֮С
˸ԷֱָҽһǸ޵ٸֽκϼķˣһһŮС˵ĺӡ
ǿǸٸʮģȻʮĺӣãҪٸ붼Ѿʮͷˡ
ҴˣҲԽ⼸ֵܣҲһһ
˵ţǷֱǻĴŵ֣ԣǾס
ϵķҲʮַʢǵصɫҲרΪǼ׼ġ
һ·۳Ͷ٣˾ķûгԣǼǶˡ
£Ҳֱ˦һٴԣһ㣬ܿ콫ϵķɨһ⡣
⼸һ㣬һ˶Ŀɿڴ
û취ߣĵĿ죬ⷹûСġ
ҼҴҵٲǼڳԵģæԸʦȥŪһЩ
˵̩˳ζͦǸ缸ζڡ
ƹѭ˹ζķʹһɫκϼȥΧҲȫ뿪ˡ
Ҫڿ̸¶Ľࡣ
ųֽ˲ͣЦ˵лĿƺá˺ã˸ãû˵û뵽̩ˮ𡣡
΢΢һЦ˵Ҫ˵ЩȫڵĲҵĳֻǱϵĵˣڿҵģȻλǰǾʹ촰˵ʼ̸¶ɣ֮ǰܼ˵λǰ̩ΪһѰġ
΢΢һЦ˵һѰģطز죬ֻܰˡ
˵ĳڴ˵ش˶ʮ꣬ںڵ׵ҲʶһЩѣҲĳһЩӣֻҪ̫飬ڰţĳܸλƽֻǲ֪үҪʲôѰôԶԶĹʲôֱӸĳкҲ͸үˡ
أҲ㲻ʲôֻǲ̫Ұˣ˽죬ǰϳǸ棬ҵܶ࣬ҽԹ֮󣬱ӵ̩ü꣬ǰʱ䣬żɮܵϳѰ𣬲ЩɮǸɱˣСȴˣѾص̩ɫ
Ǹ˳ʲôܷһ¡
ҴϷһ£óһƬƬϸǿ֮ǰһҪģΪ˴˿á
ӹƬϸۣ˵˵ȷʲôܳĻĳ϶ţɣƬȷҸ


1467 ֲ֮
û뵽ƾһƬ͸Ҹǿºڣ˵Ͼͻн
ûԤϵģٶҲ̫˰ɣ
Ͼҵ죬ֵܼ¶ֱӾͿԻȥˡ
Щš
ƺǵɻ΢΢һЦôλ˵ı£
ǲţֻСصĺҼ̩Ҳܵ͵ؼǣСӿܸ̩һа̽ˮʥ̵Щϸ𣬵ȥǼɱҵĺɮˮʥ̵ĸ֡
˵꣬ɫ䣬ϵķⶼ΢΢˼£ˮʥ̡λүǴѰţҺˮʥ̵鷳ɣ
Ȼһ˵ˮʥ֪ˣȫ̸֮ɫ䣬ȴҲ֪ʲôֲ֮
ǴʡĹկǶȥãҲ˵ǹկǹŹأ޻أǸ缸ȫȫӰĳˣ
ǻϪҲ˵С
治֪ˮʥ̵ֲܿʲôزѵȻĵһصҪɣ
˶˵ˮʥ̲ǣҲ鷳Ǹûɵһ鷳ǰ֮£ǾҲǡ
˼ҶִˣǶϲὫҲȥ
ҿٺЦ磬ˣ֮ǰ˵ˮʥʮֲֿ鲼ǸеӵǰǴ˴ιֻһˣɱ֮۷ȥԲ鷳
ǾͺáǾͺá˵æһסĵͷ˵
һ£֣صĸ˵λ֪ˮʥ̣治Сܹǵģа̵֯Ӵ漰иҵڸǵĸ߲֮УҲкˮʥ̵͸УǸĶƷƤ⡢˿ڣ⡭ˮʥĹԼľӣ֪ôˡ
ȥ
ˮʥ̻ͦ氡һص˶棬һ˵Ҳ֪ˮʥһôµĴڣ治Сܹǵġ
Ͷˮʥ̵Ļ¾ͲðˣԸ죬ҲֻܰжϽ뿪
˼ʱһȽϹֱİչͻȻ磬ȻˮʥôаΪʲô̩ļҲֱӽˮʥ̸ˣ
ϵܣ鲻ǰ򵥣ˮʥǣ෽棬Ҫǣʵ̫ˣǻԼĲӣһҪǣǹƶҪһƬȷѪ֮У֪Ҫ϶ˣԣصĹٷֻǸǴһֹʶֻҪˮʥ̲̫ӣϣһֻ۱һֻۣȥˣĳҲҵˮʥ̵ˣÿ궼ҪϹһǮƣҪȻҲô˳һֱǽ͵
ҳһ磬ܷģǰߣԲģһ㣬϶ˮʥЩϸģѰټʱ򣬼ǵòҪԼݣʡĺˮʥ̵˲ȻٷһҪ͸¶˭𲻱Ҫ鷳
үܷģǵϻģزңҲߵ˹ȥġ
֪ͨʲôȥ졭ҲͻȻʵ
ٺһЦ˵èèͨʵڰŵҲڵڵĴڣֻС˺ܶ࣬רŸȦĸСϢֻҪǮǾͻȥһܴӶɱȥɱˣֻҪǮʣ̩ĸҲǵĿڷܽҾͻ˹ȥϣƾϢˣԣλضǣﾲá
һ֣˵ǾˣҪõǮĵط˵仰ιҲǴǮġ
æ˰֣˵үˡǮƵͲҪĳˣܼѾԸˣ̩һлжѶڵģܼһ˵Ƿһϴծûء
û뵽굽ǮļһȻô󷽣֮󣬻ûȥúлл
ֵ֮ˣſ˵ãλүȻˣĳ϶ҪдһһҾõдǵҹǺúù䣬һ´˴ķ⣬ҲǲС


1468 Ŀ
¶ˣҲͰȴĺϢ
㽫н˹˵ǳȥ䣬һ°ŵҹ
ϻһȥȴЦһǲȥˣЩڣ˵ˣŶ˶ʮˣˣһȥɡ
ˣһ˱ڵеĴ֮£ų뿪˽ׯ԰
СӻĺܣųֱӴǵ˰Ϊһڣһ·ϸǽʲôĺóԵȥ˵Ҫ̩׶ȻҪʤأ֮Ϊġ
ϺȥҲаĵطδǳǹŵҹʱٴ԰ŵĺ̲⣬ǲС
˵Ƕ֪˵ʲôˣǼһγоߵﶼʣ۾ԲãֻһСʳǣʶ㣬Եö˴ûжȤ
ŵнţһС˵ʵǰǸС壬ǰ׹ϴ̵ʱ׹ΪѰ֣ڰ޽һȼģЩ׹ǳϦ˽û죬Ǽ֣ƵءʱطСһֻƽеĴغģǰƯĴ׹ôһСͻȻͳˣʮʱ̩еͽˣΪѸٷչ׳󣬰ŵķ٣ҪЩ׹
ҷһĻͦ࣬ȻطԴ˴û̫ȤǶЩִ˲ˡ
ѯһǵһվҪȥ棬Ҫ˵Ҫȥݣôһֱ˵Ƕ֪ʲô˵ɶҲҪȥʶʶ
лһЦȥһţ̩֮Ϊšͦġ
һȥ棬طɽ˺ΪдǻһЩСǮǵǰš
̨վ˸òȣظ裬ӱϿǾһȺŮˣͨŮҲֱ𲻳ʲôЩ裬ݻϷƾ磬ǸеǣǾȻҲᳪһЩ̨и
֮⣬ǶһȺϹһ۾ֱˡ
оԱ߸С˵ʵЩȽ϶̨̣ĸ̣һֻڶʮ굽ʮ֮䣬һʮ꣬Ͳ̨ˡ
Щ϶˼ҳҪʵû취ˣ˭ҲԼĺ·
оǣЩҲкܶ඼Ǳ˷ӸвųҩģҲкܶкˮʥ̵ı
ҷˮʥڶ޿ײ룬ǾȻҲ룬׬ǺǮ
һ˵ұû飬õжһЩǮߺ뿪˴˴
֮󣬵дȥʵĴݣȻ˼ĵط֪˵ĶЩˡ
󣬵бȥߵ¶ưȥԺʣ˵طĺˮȾҲڣǷĴ󵨵ĳԣﻨҾ͸Ԫһʮֵıˡ
£һ˱λƵ˺ߣҵһ¶ĺ̯һͺʣʹس⻹Ҫ˲ٵơơ
ЩˣȰ׾ƶˮһ˵ơˡ
һֱӾɲסˣС̯ӵơȫԲˡ
ʱŷ֣ŵСӻʮ⣬Щֲ˼ˣһĿġ
ںȾƵʱͻȻоһ˫Ŀ⳯ɨһۣѭĿ⿴ȥʱ򣬷һгһۣǺҲŰӣ\\ݵģ˿̣ΧźüŮǺкСĸ˵ʲôʱʱһǵͷ
ЩŮ˫ֺʮڵϣʮϵģ
һУжʱһ۾иʱȥЩɮһ磬˲Ǻˮʥ̵ĺɮɣ
ѵϳˣ
԰ʱȥЩɮɱ˸һɶûһӻġ
ҿǸеʱһͻҲע⵽ҵĿ⡣
д˸ƿСʵСţʲô𣿡
ղǸɨһۣҸоеĵ⣬˵ǲǱߵˣСĸ˵
һ˵¶һ飬ǺгһۣȥʱɱǼɮһģһ


1469 󵨵ı
˵̸ʱ˵ע⣬׷׳Ǹп˹ȥ
æɿһʾһ޼ɵȥɵҲоǷ
ǼȥǺУһĵбСʵ˵λүʲôأ
ǺǸʲôģǲǺˮʥ̵ˣСʵе
һЦ˵үʲôЦأǸɮǰŽµɮˣʦĵӣһƬ˶ʶײ£ʦΪĵӣʦǰĸɮڵİɮͳôǺˮʥ̵ء
һ˵ǲŷˣЩӰ˼
ʱлЩĵ˵ǡôˮʥ̵Щɮһ·
˵̩еɮ»϶һ磬ֻеһѣλүͺú棬ǼүڰŻͷλү飬ү϶ǰĺúõģӦ飬ʳԵġ
˷׷׵ͷٴξ˾ƱԴ
ﻹǾЩ̫ڣղǸײµĺпҵʱҵȷǸо˼ֵ⣬ǵһ̩֮⣬Ҳûʲô˽Թ
Ǻ㿴ңѵǾүҳ̫˧ˣĴ漵ʲɣ
ұ뷨ˡ
һһѴͣͺʳһơƲ֪˶١
ơһȶ࣬Ⲣûж󣬵θȴǹ͵Ҹ˵һ䣬˵Ҫȥˮ
бָһط˵طûҪǰһ·ŵ˵Ҫҹȥ
˵ˣϸԼȥͺá
иָ˷ұ첽Ųķȥ
ǳԷĵطȷʵͦԶģüԶȻǹʰʮָɾ
ҽȥ⿪˿ʹһʱˬ
ϿӸҪ߳ȥʱͻȻſӭ߹˼ˣﶼſͷı֮ǰǸײºС
һңǸɷļһ˵ץס
ײ˵̩̩֮ǰǼ˶һ̩ܵģ˵Ļһ׵ġ
Ҿ˵ײµже⣬治ϣȻ˹ҡ
ôҲ벻ôİ˽
ײµһ£Ǽſͳ˹һ\ݣ۽п̺۵ļһҴڵϣ˫ֱͷҪȻͿ㣡
ȥүģ̩һ죬ҪңһǼͨС죬ҵˣ
վԭһδ̩һ䣺˭ΪʲôҪΪѣ
ȻЩһͲκεĽֱͣſͳ˹
۽Ǵ̵ļһ׵ĺݣһͳҵļ˹
һֱ֣ӾץסСӵӣһôһСӶʱһɱĺУеĿҲ˵ϡ
Ҳŵ˹ȭŸ߷˵ϣһԴ˱֮С
ٴֱӽ۽Ǵ̵ĺӵӸˣһģǼһͻ˹ȥ
ֶײµ϶ʱֳһ˿֣Ǵһ󵨵ıߡ
һΣ˫ƾͳ˹
󵨵ıߣʲô
ѵ̩ѧĲã˴
ײµĺиղЩСȣʵһΣ˫磬ӭͳҴ˹
æҲƵ̩ĺй˼УһʮУҲŷлЩֶΣʮ֮ҾȻûн¡
ǺҼ˼Ƶٶֿ˼֣ʵʵĸжԺһƣ˫ཻһȻը졣
һ̣ײºϽŸȣ˼һƨСϣֱӽǱضˡ
վﻹûжҸоҵ˫֮ЩԾơ
ãһﾹȻ˽ͷ
ãҷֵļʱ߶˫֮䣬ǽͷĲλӡ
ײȻǳ˿ɫ࣬ӵ֮ƼڴʱͻȻһ߿к͵пٵ˽һײ£ֳҿһۡ
еСţʲô
Ҳ֪ͺǸɶģ˵ż˾Ϳңֻʰˡ
üͷһȥҪʰ̩Уȴиסˣ̩˵λôˣп϶ʲôᣬǲ˵һЩ


1470 ĵ
ײºп˵һۣƺûнȻһˣ˵Уٴγ˹
кܿǰһٴץסײµĸ첲æ˵ײ¡үĹͣҪ֣ˣү϶ܲ˵ġ
һ˵ײ²֣ͣݺݵĵһۣһݻҵţǲŹģ
˵꣬ײһ˦˵е֣뿪ֱﳤȥ
ǼҴ˷׷״ӵҴιȥֱӴ˳ȥ
ײ֮˶е㷢¡
Сţ԰Ÿյ̩͸˸ҷһƶ鷳ߵﶼԸ飬һʱ򣬸缸ûŵ飬˵˵ɣզ¶ѵϲʱˣ
Ǻоһ񾭲ҸϿӣʹż˹ˣ˵ҪңҲ֪ʲô·Ƶ
ǰЩŵʵүûʲôͻΪʲôҪأײʦĵӣһ˺Ե޹˵ġ
˼û¶£ǵඣЩõʵ
ɫһ䣬Щִٵ˵ҡүŭǼүʦЩ飬ÿ궼ҪһЩǮģ¶үʣǾΪ¡
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻˣҼΪƵĸеһ뿪˴˴»صǸԷڡ
˼ɫ̫ãҷʲôôʱŻ
ұ㽫ղŷһ˵һ顣
¶ȫĪҲһͷˮţҲû˭˭ƽ޹ʵľҪ˼һٴ˭˵ȥ
¶˵ܹƽȫõģк뿪˴ٹ䣬˵¶ʱСüɫ裬˵֪һҹܻᣬǵط̩öǼƷҪǸ缸ȥֺֺǡ
飬ұûֵ£ûȥʲôҹܻȥˣ˼˵Ҫȥ
˻ߴߴе֮⣬Ҳ˵ˣҪȥúϢһ¡
Ǻ˱˻Ǹׯ԰ĳֱ۷˻ȥ
ȥ֮ɫѾˣѾҹһҡ
нǽһܼңǹܼұǰסˡ
ׯ԰ܴ󣬸ÿ˶һ䣬װʮֿһӦʩȫһȥ֮ұϴһˮ裬ڴС
ûн״̬ű㱻ˣΪǻ飬û뵽һţ㿴վҵǰһ㶣磬ôˣû˯أ
΢΢һЦ˵үһ飬ʡ
ſ϶ǵСӻ֮󣬽ں˵ˡ
ôˣ꺮ůչмӣʵЩССĸж
ϸѯһҽ飬˵Ǹײµĺ˵һ䡰󵨵ıߡʱʱһ㶣´һۣ˵ָ
Ҳԣǽ˳ȥץҵһüͷʱһŵүȷʵ˸ˡ
һ㶣˵ʲôô֪
ץҵָ֣ҽӡԱߵһɫӡǸ˵үӡʲôʱֵģ
һ˵¶Ҷʱһ˱ޥƭӵǸŮˣʱһСǸСƭƭɫȥޥǸСֱŪĻɢҵɫӡǣһֱӡﶼǲ۲ҾͰ¶Եˣʱо͡⡱һ£밵룬ԭҾȻַˡ
ͬʱҲһ飬Ǳȥկʱ°Ҳѹһ飬ԺҪȥǵһЩңһΪʲôҲû˵
Ҹʣǳ°ȴ˹կϪӻֻˡ
ҹܿʲôߣҲЩ׼û½ۡ
룬컯Ūˣ¶ȥûãҾʹ̩һ㱻һнΪɫӡǵԵʡ
⾹Ȼһ䡣
£ұ㽫ɫӡΪ򵥵˵һ£֮ͷ˵ֲñ䣬үֱӽƵĹŪˣǲŹ֣ӡǣ̩ЩΪɮˣܵϢᱻΪĵˣĴ׷ɱ


1471 ʦ
ȥôֲô˵ɫӡǣ̩͵Ǵ粽ˣĶҪ̩ɮ˸׷ɱҳԾ
˵ӦģӡǣֻмΪķʦŶθ£ûв´ĻӦþǽµʦ
ǽµʦҿ˵һɮˣôСأɻ
ү֪䱾ǺڷǺڣ׷ǰףʱǺڰ׵ߵ˵ʦˣ»ҪǮƲάȥģʱɴʦҲЩС⣬һЩСʲôģ̩ϡƽֻҪʱϳˣ֪Щ顣
ǡЩƵСǴģ֪ЩɶûĺƵġȻ
ÿҶвһķ飬̩һٷ֮ʮϵ˶ŷ𣬶̩һķ棬Ǿǽֹ̥ң̥Ҫ̷ġÿ궼кܶ⻳У޷ֹ飬ЩӤСӤܶͻᱻ͵͵͵﹩ͼԣ֮ܶоͻдӤӤԴȻЩʦЩӤƳɷƻС˵ֱܻҲк֮ܶܵУЩƺСȥȻٸ߼̩εοͣүʦƵСֱӸĨɱˣʦһӰ죬ԲŻᱻ䣬Ժ㵽˶ǣȻܵܶɮµ׷ɱ˵ү𣿡ҵ˵ͷжʱȻԭôһ¶
ҲǺ˵ĹҾҵʱĲûʲô
һı飬ֵү̫ģĳǽµʦЩ飬ȵһ磬ұȥ£ʦ㽫ˣ޷ǾǻЩǮƵ飬Ҳʲô鷳
ҵ˵ͷʾ˸л˵¶Ҫ˵һһֱڹԺ̩ߣֶв㣬ֱӳʸ֮ģĴ׷ɱ
лĻͲˣүȥ֮Լ䣬ĳ͸мˣɫˣүϽϢɡֵ
˵գ뿪
ҽ֮Ѱ˼һűĿʼС
һҹ޻˵ڶ糿ʱ򣬱ţһĹܼң˵׼ˣҹȥ÷
Ӧһ򵥵ϴˢһ飬ǹܼ˳ȥҵ˲֮󣬷˶ˡ
Էʱ򣬴һһã˵˵ЦЦԵʮ֡
糿ķȽ嵭һЩ̩ʽСģҲʮֿɿڡ
ڳԷʱ˵һȥ¹䣬Ȼõٴδȥһ°ŵĺ⣬ϵʱ򣬱Ϣ飬Ѿȥˡ
Ǽ˶ʾĳֿĸл
ܿ죬緹꣬һˣڰתһСʱ֮󣬱һ̻Ի͵ǰ
ط˵Ľ£޽ʮƯܶ׶űǡƬеĵطͿŽۣԶԶĿȥκȻ׳̻Իͣʮ̩ʽŶһС˷̵ص㡣
ڽµſפƬ̣˵ſڵȺƬ̣ȥһʦһõйǡ
Ƿ׷׵ͷŵнȥˡ
ģǼ˱ڽΧתεҲﲻۻһ㣬ֻſתһС֮󣬺ܿͿһϤˣںײºУһǣż˹ŭģ
һһǼ˶ʱ
ײߵҵߣָҵıӵļһ㾹Ȼҿǲˡ
˵ţкһоͽȥˡ
ײҵĺ棬סǵ·
һԣæǰ˵λʦǲΪУֻǹݻʦģһʦҪǽȥ
Ȼײ¾͸ǹҩƵģܴŭʦŲЩˣǵԲ뿪
˵ĿյǽͻȻӿһȺУֱӽǸΧˡ
ôˣײ¶ʱ˵ٴŭҴȥײʦĻҾͲˣ
չǰһ
ǼҰˣײкһȺСһȫ


1472 ⶼ
ҲǵùߵģڽſڶôһԩңǷֱĻᣬֱк˾Ҫǡ
⻹һȺôôôɮأ
ҿһߵĻУʱûƢжˣУ˼Ҳͻһôûɶ˵ġ
˼ҶҪˣǿ϶ܵŰ򣬵һкЩд
ڳλɶǾȷѪĺݽɫЩիĺУͲǵĶ֣Ҳֻײ°ڵܸǹϼʮ֮⣬ĸͲ򣬲ӣ󲿷ֶǷŷ˵ϡ
ǹ¶ģֵ¶ʮзִ磬ûЩС
Ĳɿʱ򣬴ǽ߳˼ˣб͵С
һǷŵôһƬУǶʱȫɵˡ
ס֣ҪˣͻȻ
һѽһи˳ȥǺˤڵأȦ
ܿ죬ЩдӵϷ׷𣬴յһȥиʮҵϺеߣײָңŭʦˣ䣬컹ֱӴ
ϺؾǴ˵ʦһӣˮ鲨
һ˫۾ȴ峺͸ӥһ䣬ҿӣʱһֲ֮С
Ƭ֮ʦһ仰û˵ֱӴתŽ󲽵˽ȥ
ʦһתܿ׷ȥһ׷һ߽͵ʦⶼᡭһᡭ
˵Уʦ˽£ŲԶȥ
Ǽ˴۵СۣһΡ
¶ֵģʦϵģˣ¿ǴˣǱҲˡ
Ҳû취ײǺϸͲʹҲܰװŲǡ
ˣʲôʦҪߡۿǰĺȫˡε
ǲȣǴ˵ˣǶˣҪȻЩĸʮµĲ߶չ˵
ˣҶŵ㣬һ죬ô۶ӳСϵ϶Ҫ⿪ҪȻûˣСŸһƵģĶȺŹһʦǵʱǿŵǧ𶥣˵лءɵ
ϴ˵ˣǶš
ˣڽµſڵȺ˴Լʮӵӣ͵вŴͷɥ˳
ЩԹ˵үǵô¶Һ˵˵ó˴ѵǮʦòײŴӦºˣһȫǽˣôڽµſڸЩɮ˴أ
磬鷳ˣʵҲģڵʱײ£ֱӴһȺдǣҲܵŰŶ֡ҽ͵
̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ˵ɣٵһȥʦ˵˵ڿϲϰ䣬ҿûаˡ
ˡҹֵ
˵գٴδŵ˽ȥ
һڽµſڽƲĵ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰б˹С˵үɣʦ˵Ҫ㡣
˵գһ˾ҪŽȥȷλүֻܾүһ˽ȥλүȵȰɡ
һͷһۣʾǿģǣұŵ߽˽֮С
һ˼ȣһСԺ֮ͣһȥ㿴һ˳ֱҵߣС˵үʦӦˣһҪһȽϵ˵
ҵ˵ͷȻղųǼһָ˵ԼȥɣҪ㡣
Ӧһұ㾶ֱǸȥҽȥһӵһ࣬ʦһ֮ϣҽϺƤûգһ¡
˾ݾݵģһڣұʱһ棬Ϻеģ֮ңϺбܹ˶񶾵䣬˵Ϊʮֿɲġ
ǣһǰ˫ֺʮϺһѧ̩Ϻп˵ʦǶԲסˣ²֪ǸСģе£Сղײ´ʦȶ֣Ҳ
˵ЩʦŻ۾һָ֣ţʾĶ档


1473 ħ֮
ҵ˵ͷл⣬ʦĶ档
һ£ʦԶˣҴϸо˷ǳֲסħͷ֪
һҿʦ۾ﲨǺһ㣬һʮ˵סħͷܿҾ仰˼ȷסħͷһֹһԩԹ³ڤʬħϢ⻹ǧϻһڵȫҵڣҶûб
˵ħͷҵзӡ⼸
ϢصĺΪ֮ǸҳϦദü춼
ֻǸʦһ棬㱻һۿϺǰһûд·ĲȫС
ʦӣҲŵ˵֪ħȫԿƵסǣͲʦˡ
ʦޱ飬ܿˣĹҵΪҲ䣬һжйϢ㲻Զҽϵ䣬ͳһ򡯣һҲܰϵ䡣
̩ѧľͲզأϺһۣŪе£ȫҸƺͿˣֻòװ˵ʦʾ
ʦҪһ飬ˣұȻ䡣
ʲô飿ǿɵó˵ǰ棬ʲô캦Υĵ飬ǿ϶ɵġ˵
ģǳˣȱΪҲȥһΣգֻҪܻŻһ䡣ʦ˵
ϺͦģȻҪЮң顣
²òͷϵ䲻Ļ̩ƴ粽УֻҪǺмҾʹܵˣ̩ĺпǶţë
Ƭֵ̣ʦ˵ɣʲô飬ֻҪĻ岻ݴǡ
ʦϴʱ¶ЩЦ⣬ܲԣֵڰһٶ๫һƬɳɭ֣һڹײģײһħҪڳңô򵥣ҹ֮ǰҪ͹𣿡
üͷһʲôզôأײסһħҰڳ꣬ⲻҹȥ
ҳɲʦƺЩãŵô㲻Ը⣿
ðɣɶʲôħľλʲôطܸ˵һ𣿡ʵ
ʦҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪֪ôһ
ж󣿡
ܴ󡣡ʦֵ
ȥӵŴ˴һٶ๫һԺܴӣҲ֪ʲôطȥңҲ̫ΪһЩ
ƺҲȥʦֵˣֻҪܽǶħĴҲϵ䣬ԺҲΪµĹͣԺõϱĵطҲһѣ⣬һҲ
һȥǴ¸ɮʦȻҶ˵ʲôһô˼˵ڣ
žҹȥġ
ץסҵİѱ϶ҿ϶ȥ顣
գһЭ˵ͷãȥҹ֮ǰǶħ֮ĸ
ϴ΢΢һЦ˵ãҺˣһҪ㣬һȥһҪұܣ֮⣬κһ֪飬ҪȻ˶ħ֮ģҲϵ䡣
ðɣӵҲֻˡ
ԭŵʱŴһһȥתת˶˵ܿҳȴһȥɽѶ˼֡
ãҴӦ㡣Ƭֵ֮
ܺãھȥɣɫѾˣϹȥ֮춼ˡ˵ţʦĴӵվ
ʱʦͻȻ֣ұҪ㿪ʦȴ𶯡
ĻħұĲˣʦҶͷ£ÿһ£ҵ͸һĹ֮󣬶پ̨һƬ
ˣˣڽҹ֮ǰ˸оϵ䡣
˵֮ʦεҲԵʮ֣أֱӽͳӡ
ſڵȺ͵пһ˳ԵЩţȻʦ͡


1474 ɳ
һֱ͵СԺſڣʦŸ˵ˣǵҸ˵ЩһҪسŵһ㡣
˵գʦֱת뿪͵뿪˴˴
·ϣСʵүʦ̸ЩʲôôԽ˳
ЩͱˣҸʦ̸۵˵һ飬õиһȥһط
˼ͨ͸֪ʵĲʣҲû˵ЩʲôǷԸһԵĵУϽȥұ
˽£Ļе˶ѾȺʱǳ׷ΧϵûС
΢΢ҡͷ˵ûУʦҸһ飬֮ܰҽϵ䣬ֻʱѹסˡ
һʦصǮҲˣҲˣ¶˵Ǹ¶
󣬴һʦȥʲô飬ҡҡͷ˵˵֮ǰӦʦܸ˵Ҫسŵ
һ֣ʾҲҪʣ˵ûʲô¶ҽô졣
Ҹ֪һ˵һϾҪõдȥһط˲ҪģóԵĳԣ棬˳ĻҰҹܻزĻһ뿪̩ҲҪᱨˡ
˵أⶼЩǡ
ֻܾοˣ˵ȫĻǶŵϢ˵Ͼн֮󣬴һﶼҪһ֮ϡ
˼֮ǱߵѾ˳ӣ˳˵һַз˳ӣﳤȥ
ڳϣͨӾɺͻǿȥͻȻһĸо
оֻһ˲ܿʧˡ
ڳϣһֱʦĻеĶħһִڣǲʲôƶӦʮѶԸ
˵ʦΪӦ֮ϣܼ򵥾ܹõʦԼȥȡˣȥȥ϶˼ɣұҪСĽС
ʦ˵ĵطŰһٹ￪ĵطǸطɳһƬӣĿǰҲûʲôͷֻеǸط취
һٶ๫˵ԶԶ˵СʱĹ⾰ڰʱ֣ұ㵽Ǹɳĵط
طСֻһСӣź̫ȣطԵư࣬ǴӲԶܿһƬдеȴ֣Ȼҵǰ
õнͣ˴֮ǰһҪң֮ǰһûлĻͿԿ뿪ȻǼ뿪̩
˵֣أͷЩ˵үİɣһһܳ
ļ򣬶˵ֱӾͽƬ
ȴ֮УֶﶼУӱȲӬĸͷ˵и޳û
ڣѦС߸ҩܹó涾һЩϣҲþЩ
ʦ˵Ƭ֮УһħڹײȻ˽ĵطҪȻ类˸֡
ԣһʼʱֻǵͷС
һ·ãһֱڵʱҲͣ
һϣֵĶУУҰ޵ĺиֲ֪СڷһЩֵĶ
ԭվƬ̣ϸ˼ʦĻǶʦĿ˵һħǿ϶һа֮һҷʦѰ̶ֶλȻ󾭹ϸ㣬ܹȷаľλãⶫҴãǶҲһ֪⣬Ҫ˵ⶫõõģɶɣȻܹȷǸڡ
ϧɲܸһ
Ҳû˿취Ͽһ洫ķǱǼҵķʬߡ
ʬܹӦԲʮ֮ڵа֮ڣǶҲҡ
뵽ұ㽫ʬߴǬ˱˳߶Ƭ֮Ƿʬĩ˵С΢΢˸
÷ʬжа֮ʲôλķҲܼ򵥡
ֻ轫ʬ߶׼λĸλС˸ΪƵΪĿǱа֮Ĳķ
ܿ죬Ҿȷ˷Ӷϵһλ
˿̣ɫѾȫҰշʬָķһ·ȥԼǰһСʱĹ⾰ʬ߱㷢һ΢΢ĶǸҪҵа֮Ѿܽˡ
ǰȴͻȻһֱɽסҵȥ·


1475 ѷʯ
̧ͷǴֱɽһۣһƬɽ֮деĲľкܶ֯䣬ݷʬߵʾǸа֮ǳҵͷ֮ϣҲ˵ʦҪҵǸɽϡ
΢ԥһ£ұ׼ɽȥ˵ʲô֡
ǣұ㽫ʬ߸˫ץסɽ͹ʯͷһ·Ҷϡ
طͨ˵϶һͱڣרҵĵɽ豸Ǿʵȥġ
Ƕ˵ⲢʲôѵʱԲ˵߶֮£Ҳ˼֣һ֮£Ҿʵ˼ʮס
ڰɽЪһʱͻȻЩ죬߶
⶯һȥǼִߣȫƣҿٵ߶ڼ仹һЩͷСߡ
һֻץһֻǬ˱ңóһЩҩۣ˳ȥԼһЩ
ЩҩѦС߸ҵķͨƳҩۣǶóҲܵá
ҩһЩԭҿ߶Ķ߶ʱԴٿ֡
ѦҵҩһŵĹģݵľŹ󣬼Щȫ֮Ҳżʵǣٴһ˰ңһʱ򣬵һƬףв⻹ЩȻ
ڣǰ˼ʮ׵ľ룬ͻȻŵһգ˾޴ɽѷ죬ӳӲݺ֮С
С˽ȥɽѷ컹ܴ󣬺һٶףҳɽ졣
һ棬˸طЪЪţ˳
󣬱ٴνʬ߸˳һǷʬ֮󣬲ŷַʬĸƵһ΢΢𶯸С
ʬָķɽѷ
ɽѷɽİɽ䣬ұӲӳֶͨѰңһ˿϶Ҳط
ȴҲ֪ʦô֪ڵġ
һұ㰴շʬָķಽĳɽѷȥ
طһƬʲôǽǽ˳߶ǽɢһϹ⣬ҲܹʮҵķΧ
Ž꣬Ҽɽѷȥǰ˼ʮ׵ľ֮ǰȻʣһ֮ǰֵ龰ʱĿɿڴ
ڽ귢ĵϹַΧ֮ڣҾȻʮ߹ײĺǰԶһƬƺкܶײĳ޴ѷ֮С
ʦ˵طһħڹײҿʮ߹ײģһŶħأ
Ƿǰкܶײĵӡ
Ϊ֤ҵ뷨ұ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳ҡ˺һĶʦֲ˹ͷųǰߣŵطжپ߹ײġ
ʦֱҷڵϣζһ⣬ҡҡλεĳŹȥͬʱ㽫ͷ˳һʱɽѷյһƬͨŶʦϵĻ⣬ҳȥͣүģʦǿӵɽкüٸײģһ۸ͷ֪һ
ҴŵӣһֻŷʬߣһֻŽ꣬ɽȥͬʱ÷ʬ̽ľ߹ײĵаأаصĿ϶ʦ˵Ķħˡ
ʦֻ˹ҵǰ棬һǰһڹﻺǰУܿ죬ҺͶʦ־ײмλãʬͻȻ˸ˣһƬ죬һ𶯸С
ͣ˽Ųܴһۣһ಻ԶĵطһĹײĳǰ
ĹײĶľͷģЩõˣǴ󲿷ֶĻԡ
ǰ߹ײʯͷģʮֹӣҲûʲôƣصʯһ
ʬָıʯס
ҵ˵ϷһЩƫƧĵطнײķϵϰףû뵽̩ȻҲ˽ײķֵط
Ƭ̣˫ִָ㳯ʯͷײ˹ȥ
ۿžʯͷײĻ岽ʱʯͷײͻȻ΢΢ζһ£кɫǹײΧķ϶֮˳
⣬³ΪȻʯèˡ
ڿǿʯͷײðɫʱʶ˼ڴʱǹײͻȻ顱һ죬ǹײĸֱӷ˹
ײĸǧ֮أǻĳ࣬æڲϵ˵ͬʱ˶ʦֱ֣һٰ˲ȥ


1476 
ʯ׵ĹײĸǴ߱ɶʮ㣬죬صļײϣǼڹײĸĵķ飬һʱ䳾
ұŶʦ־ԶǿʯףŽʦָ˵ϡ
Ŷʦϵҽץס˽꣬ĪЩţײ﾿ʲôأ
ײĸӱ֮ǹײﻹǲкɫ뵶һֻеķʬѾȫĳ죬ֹƺһҪֶĸо
ãʬ߶ûַӦˣԼãǹײ϶ǸʮֿɲĶ
վʯʮ׵ĵط۾һ˲˲Ķš
Ҫǹײ﾿ʲôа
ɶҽһҪȡĸڳ
ǹײĺɫͣȴûзκζЩĻţٴսеĽ꣬߹ȥƵʱͻȻ䣬ǹײﻺи
һĻһεĶס˽Ų꣬һ
طNûˣͻȻиһЩܲˡ
Ǳĳ˽ʬһ֣ԵĸоǸˣΪ˿Ҟųȫ΢Щ紵ݶҶܹԵĸоĺк˵Ǹˡ
Ǹ˶ʮֳٻʱ򣬻Ĺǽڶڡǡ죬Ȼöûлˣ˺һ滺˽ǣӹײڵ˳һַֻʯͷײģȻҿ˹
Ƭ֮˿˼һʮɳƵɤ˵ʲôˡôҵطģ
˵̩Щԣģ壬˼Ҳܸס
ԲʲôħѵʦҵǸħôŲ̫أ
ǿ򶨣ûлشĻǷʵѾǹôڹײ
˷һɳƵЦ죬ŵ㲢̩ߵˣǴӻİɣ
仹ͦ⣬ҵȷǴӻĹġ˵ţҽŶʦϵĻϸǰֵˡ
ѾˣյһģͷȫףģԴͺģÿ˵껰ҪһҲŶͣ
أԿһ֮˽ֵˡ㻹ûлشҸղŵĻءôҵطģ
УһħȻڳȥʵ
ʲô飿ʵ
µʦҹġ
⻰û˵꣬ͻȻһЦѣҸоʱȥЦ˺һ֮ǹͻȻһ䣬ҧгݵ˵ԭǸ϶ûԼûеӹңȴһİ˹ǰսթ޳ܡꡭҾİ㣬ˣ㵽ط͵͵һôȥˣͺǵҹȥɱ̽̽ʵˣһֺı
ǸˣЩˣҲʲôħһʱЩ㲻׶²֡
ܾøһûжԹ˶֣Щⲻȥ
ܿ죬һͻȻֵúúáȻǸ϶Ҫɱҡ죬Ҿɱ㣬ȻȥǸͺˣôĶԹҲи˶ˡ
˵仰֮Ǹ͵ͻȻվֱһЩһ˫۾ͻȻͷ˹⣬һɫʣȻҵϣһ˲׹ߡ
ˡⶼԼҪ־͹Ǹ϶ǹ˵ˣ˻ơ
仰䣬ɽѷ֮жȻĵɽӺ˼֣ҲĴһ
һ̣ͻȻ䣬ܲϷˡ顱죬ɽ֮УйײĸǱɣȻӹײһһߵʬ塣
Ҳʲôɽмپ߹ײأҪǹײȫ˳·һ
󡭡硭ҡҿߴطˣһᣬҪȻЪţȥתת֣Ǹֵ˵
Ȼֵ߸ҷֱĻᣬһ֣ղŴӹײˣֱӾ͵𣬷׷״ӹײ˳߶
ЩʬԾĶҿŷ죬Щǽʬɣ
̩Ҳ
йײĸǱɵһȴڰǸ϶үģ潫Ҹӿˣ˵ֻһôһºüٸʬӹײĳⲻҪҵ
ܿ죬ҾЩԾĽʬһ֣һ


1477 ʲôֶ
Ǭ˱éɽ壬ǸʬһϷ
ڱԸĺıʱԸң˵еķʬéɽʦүùķéɽǸʬһǼϴģɶéɽʦүõķ
ҲˣǱʲôа֮һûкܺõӦ֮ƫƫЩײĶǽʬͺðˡ
ǼҿǸʬңľǽʬЩ
վڹײıߵһ֣ʮ߽ʬԾҴŶʦ˼˼־߶éɽ塣
Щʬٵĳ˹һ岽ʱҲſķЩʬһЩΪͨĽʬëûҲ߲ȥ
éɽһ̣ЩĽʬֱǰͶסˣһ
ΣǹŹͷʱһ£㡭ʲôֶΣôܹסҵĽʬ
˵λүұΪУղ˵ⶼһᣬǷأҾ͹ԹԵ뿪ǲأͽŪļȮƬײҲͺĵһΪʲôħһɽе˰ˣߣȥͺȥһѻζéɽ壬һ߸ǹŹͷ͵
ŹͷžûдһųȥһȻˣ߳ȥôףΪһֶΣϷ㲻ɣ
˵գͷٴһ֣жʮ߽ʬ˹
һΣЩʬͲһˣӞųĸӦЩʬ֮ǰʮͨĽʬ࣬ǵģҲı仯۾ѩһƬָҲΪ
Щ۽ʬ﷢һƺ𣬴˷˹
һүģȻ㲻ߣҾͲˣ˸Ӳƴһ󻹲һ˭ء
һģһҧֱٴλζéɽ壬һΣҾͲǼ򵥿Щʬˡ
ڴ߶éɽʱ򣬽עУǰЩͨʬֱӷ䣬һ߾ߵĺëʬ
ȻҸоǣ˴󲿷ֶ˺ëʬ֮⣬лһߺëʬ
ڲ֪УҵΪֳ˲٣éɽֶҲ
ëʬëʬȫһɱΪǿһʵķԾ
֮䣬ǹŹͷƵĶʮ߰۽ʬ͵ҵߣҿƵЩëʬҲܿɣ˺ɫëһһ㣬ܿ͸Ƕʮ߰۽ʬһ
Щ۽ʬëʬһȼĵУһƴɱߵ档
һǺëʬǺֱײеץסǰ۽ʬӣֱӾ˺˺ü飬еס˰۽ʬĲӣһھͿе˴롣
˵֮ǰܹЩʬȫԭأǹŹͷоһЩĻͨʬգۼͱɺëʬͺëʬֶΣϹŹͷ°͡
ԻĵСӣʲôʬֶΣ⡭ЩʬôһӾͱô
洫գ˵˵ͷ㵽׷Ų뿪ĻᣬˣֱӾͷŰѻˣͷҲѻһ߿ٵĻζéɽ壬һ߸ͷ˵
ȻͷȴŭСӣëûأϷǰ㺣ڣϷһͣû˸Ҷô˵죬ʶʶϷֶΣ
˵գٴһ֣ǹײıɵ˷಻һϰپ߽ʬЩײ˳Щˣ˰۽ʬ֮⣬лۺ۽ʬУĳ˹
ڿЩʬʱҵޱȳأүģǲܴţȣŹֵͷǸˣʬֶҲǺš
ǰ۽ʬĵȻһ㣬ǻ۽ʬϾܸëʬƽˣ۽ʬܹëʬƽ
ԷĽʬ̫һЩŪʮ߽ʬмܲס
һôཀྵʬҶʱЩˣǹŹͷҵɫⷢһɭɭЦɳƵɤ˵ܲһɱˣصùооССӵΪҲɽʬĻ϶Ҳʮ
Źͷ͸һаһɽ֣һȺʬһ𣬹Ҳʲôˣֻɱܻ뿪


1478 ʬ
ͷΪŪôŹֵĽʬһأ֪۵ֶΣжôֲ
ֻǶݵĻ֮Ҿͺܿ˿ʬ֮⣬ۻȺսֶΡ
һΧңһ£µľȺŹһ̣˷ʬߺéɽ壬ٵĽ˳һâ磬ķڽ֮˸Щϰپ߸ֹŹֵĽʬңұ㼤߶콣аˮʽ
һ֮˷ͬʱһɽ죬¡¡һ㣬ɽ𶯲ѡ
¹ЩӹײĽʬûģȫķ죬һʱʬɣײİҲķѣȴûѪĳ棬ΪЩʬûѪҺֻǸɰͰ͵ʬ塣
һһʩչҲӲĴɵľмʬϣ۵ġ
𣬶ʱһƬǽ岻
һг䶨֮󣬳˻ߵǼߺëʬͺëʬ֮⣬Ĵ󲿷ȫ˵ĵ˵ϣһȱȫ
ߵʯҲˣʯأȥߵʱ򣬷ͷȻʸͷ֮ϵʯڣعͷֵĿңͷһεıҵֶɵۡ
ֻһ˲ͷͷʯϷ£ƮȻأһΣͷɾȫתޱߵķŭ
ҴһһƲһ̣ͷͻȻǣͷ׶ߣԴҲ쳣һռһ룬ȫǴССݣйӻ˵֮ϣһ˫۾ɫͭһС
Ϊŵǣ˫Ȼϥǣ˫ֵָа׶೤һŭ֮£һξͳ˹
ȥʦ˵Ķħ
ȻҲ̫̫֮ǰȴķ
ǰ˰ʬ˿̵ģǴ˵еĹʬ
ΪǼϾǸʬģڸʬ쳣˽⡣
ʬѾͨʬķ룬νʬʬʬ۵ԼϣͣһʬееĽʬ֮ʬԴĶĵطлͣոշսսʬҰǵطǡһʮееĽʬĻԽʬ壬ʳϵʬʬ
ǰʬ֮ǰǸˣڱŭ֮£ͻȻͳʬ϶̩һصзţֲʦ˵һǸħ˿ʵʵĶħ
ֹһܵ棬ǱȻѪɺӵĳ档
ҲǼɵӣʬֻ̩ҪûʲôϵҲôǴ˿ѾΣҵұҪ
ʬ˹̴߶꣬һл㾦ͳϴ˹ȥ
ʬͲܣֱӭоɱ˹
һɫĹ顱һϣΪһлᴩ壬ؿڴһĿȻûУɫĹȻʬϣȴֻһ𣬱һ˳ȥصڵء
һ̣ʬܿ췭ٴγ˹
ھ֮࣬Ѿٴνéɽ˳һ֮£ߵļߺëʬʱҵǰ棬ʬȥ
ʬһɽֱȺħ裬ЩûбĹײģ˿ȫˣĽʬӹײ˳һʱ䣬ҲֲЩʬʲôģȫӿ˹
ͷķŭˣϳŪ߰㣬ɷŪôĽʬҪǲŭŹ֡
Ǽߺëʬһȥʬǰ棬ʬ˷źצһ֮䣬Щëʬʱצ֮±ķѡ
ͬʱʦҲˣĿ겢ʬǲϴ˷ӿЩֽʬʦֵһ˲ҲޱȾ޴󣬸Сţһ㣬ıӿĽʬ࣬һųȥϵЩʬһţĽʬȫȼˣӵʱ䲻ճһѻҽǻǻᴫȾƵģЩӿĽʬ˹ȥ
ʦֿٵһȦɽ֮жʱ죬ȵ¶˱Ŀڸ
ݵһʬѾéɽסĺëʬȫնɱͻߺëʬڸߺëʬҲĶ֣Ĵɣһ֮ŽϣӽͿ


1479 
ʬͲ֪ܣҵĽȥצֵеĽ꣬צײһ𣬻л֣꣬ʲôצӣǱȸҪӲĶ
ҿٵĸʬ˼УʬӦҵͬʱߺëʬɷȥȻȫĵĳ˹
һ˫צʯͷϣʯͷǷ۷飬ҵĽһʱֶġ
ⲢǼϵĽʬǰ˰ʬ˼άȴŶʬǡ
ͨĽʬ޷ģԵʮֽӲҲ㲻ö죬ѽ꣬ȫҲѹƵסЩʬϾ͸һ㡣
ʬǰȫͷӲƣѹƵġ
ʮѸ磬ף⿴ȫһ߽ʬҲΪǿĽʬһʱ䣬˷ĿռȫסˣһǰҲˣ죬ΣĴɽѷ֮УȫǱ׷Ŵֻвϵٰ˲ֶ㣬ŻйӲдһЩռ䡣
һѾ״̬Ҫء
һʼҾ͸˵ˣֻҪߣҾͲ鷳Ūزֵܹ
ܹ׾ٵɱң벻һѲĶ֡
ɽѷ֮Уҵתں׷ᣬߵģΪͷۡ
ɽײģö඼ʦָȼˣŨ̹ʬҲƬƬı˻ѣƬƬĵ£طǳ׵ıҺͶʦָˡ
׷һҷǲ취Ľʬ㲻ɱҲҪɵ
ǺһϣֻܷųҵռУ˺ϴ辭Ըħˡ
ţһ߱ӣһ߿ʼ߶еɱӡ
һ򿪣ĳ⵽ҵȫбϢߣҵβΧĻҲǺ˺ϴ辭ѾҸˡ
ǿͣߣ˺ϴ辭ϢӵŨء
оʱҵĽŲһ٣ֱվԭء
ʱңɫɷܵȼյĻ͹Ụ̃˺ϴ辭£ֱϨȥǹŨҲɵҵڡ
˺ϴ辭κʵʲôŹ
룬Ҵ˿̵˫ۿ϶ҲǺ˫䣬ȶħҪ¡
ʬһԾͳ˹һ˫צӳҵԴؿںɨ
ڿϷı仯֮ڰ֮еʬɫһ䣬ʶľҪѾˣΪڼٵ׹䡣
ҵ¶һ˿թЦݣȻ˫֣һץסɨҵǯһצӡ
ҵ˫ָʬһӴ˲䣬˺ϴ辭㿪ʼӿʬϵʬ֪Ҫҵ
Ϸȥץסǲ֡
ʬŭ֮£ֱץҵĴɨǴ˿̵Ҿ͸һƤҩƵģֱʬϣҳʯҵʱҾĺ֮ϣײǽʱұתƵؿڣ˺ϴ辭ϵϵ
֮ʬѾ۵ϵ˺ôһ֡
ʬҲڷı仯ڲϵСȻɳªС˺üȦҲ˵ģ
ĵĺҡҴӦ㡭뿪ʬð˵
꣬˵˵㲻ߣԵͷˣſ뿪ôȥˣ
Ǽͷ
Ҳûʱ򣬶ҳһܹ˺ϴ辭Ļֱӽķӡ˵ͬʱҲ˺ϴ辭
ǣʱʬǻŵġ
оϱ仯ΪҪʱһ
ɿһ
ʬһֵһЩԲʱõĲλ͵
ʬϢƬ̣ͻȻˡ߰ɣҲΪˡ
ûлӦֻվһ
ʬƬ̣ûʲôӦȻ䣬˫֣һץסҵļſھͳҵĲҧ˹
Ҿ֪ôɵķ뿪ҲɵӣſڵʱѾó˷ʬߣֱӾ˳
ʬһʬĿУʬ϶ʱðһỤ̋أԶһȻֱͦͦĳź浹ȥ
үģңⶼʣµġ


1480 
а֮Ӳʬߵ֮һﶼһʬˣʬеߣϸǷʬεľ
ʬǱ˺ϴ辭һ£֮һ˵֮УʹõȻǵʩ˺ϴ辭һʼҵĿҪʬһƬɻңǺҸıˣΪڵΪ޷Ҳ޷ʬеʱȫ˵֮У˵ԼͻԱˡ
Ȼʰʬİ취ҲŲգʬĹ
ԣѡ÷ʬʰ
ϣһɣʬŹңҪҲ͵ϮҾͲˣʬǰһͣʬʬľʬɡ
еĽһΣʬһʹ죬ֱӽԴն
Դһת˵ϣָֻܿԭģһкķͣȫİ׷۾ʱɵĺܴȻЩġ
ﻹǷʬߣʬȻ߹ȥǷʬʬʬϲ˼£ջǬ˱С
ʬʬȻ֪֣̩ҲǸˡ
ʦΪУȻˣ˴˴УҪȻָ֮ȥʦѰ֪ʦǰһҹĻ
֣ƻûʬֻЩưˣҪȻҲʰ
ҿһطĹаţ϶ʲôʦаҲʲôˣŰһ
ǲҼȻӦ˹ȡһǾ͵ҪȻϵ仹ˡ
ɽ϶֮лʬ֮Щ֧Ľʬȫ˻֮С
ط϶ǲܴˣҳƬ̣ʦָ˹СΣȻװǬ˱УҪٰ˲ӻ֮ȥʱͻȻо˵ʲô
ϸһ룬ͻȻͼˣʦҹȡħ֮ĵģֶ飬Ҳ˵ȥ޷֤ɱʬ
ǣٴ۷ʬԱߣ˽꣬ʸģժ࣬Ǭ˱һϴҽǿóʱ򣬻һ
ʬȻˣൽڻʾ˳ǿĻ
Ҳ֪ôôֵ鷢治ܴˣҴҵĽǿŽϴȻװǬ˱֮ұٰ˲ɽ϶ıԵȻһ·˳ȥ
һֵģĶǣ¶ȥôҲøʦ˵˵ſӵǡ
Щѣȥʮס
ҿ˿ͷϵ¹⣬Ҳ;ŵӣȻȻԤ뵽Ҫ࣬һǰ顣
ұ㰴ʱ·Ҵҵ뿪
߳Զܹɽ϶֮ƮɢỤ̃ҲõĻᷢɭֻ֣ɽŶڻϳһξ룬Ӧòӳ
һ·ϣʩչĹ򣬿첽УһСʱ֮Ҿ˽ɳǸСӡ
ҹȥʱ򣬷ִһƬĵط˹ȥ
ǵлʢˮӻˮͰҪȥȻء
¶Ҳûᣬһ䣬ܿͿ˵УվڳԣðŨ̵ĵط
Һ˵һŷӦ˹үˣɽ𲻻İɣ
ңõģɽǴӰɽһɽȼģЩ˹ȥƻѾϨˣǸϽȥɣЩˡ˵ţ˳ţһƨ˽ȥ
һұ㳤һʱžûʹǺҲû˵ʲôطΪܵıǵﴦĹ͸ңΪ̫ʬľԵʡ
кܿҲ˳ͷɨһۣһģҲǰһһ飬СŸ磬զôôǱ㲻רܵɽһѻ˰ɣ
𳶵ϽȥһҪҪءҵ
Ӧһܿ췢˳ӣͻȻʲô˵ˣȴȥ£ҪȥʦȻȥүҡ
к˳ӣһ·ۣһСʱǱص˽£ڳϣѾ»ͷһÿȪˮϴһŴӳǵĳŽȥ


1481 а
дµʱѾӽҹʱĽû˰յԵʮְ
˳֮Ҷڴ˴Ƭ̣Ȼֱߵ˽µĴſڣõ˼š
ʱһ̩дԺţҿһۡ
Σжҵʮֿ˫ֺʮһȻ˵ʦѾȺҶʱ
ҵ˵ͷ̩еĴ֮£ֱʦסǸСԺ˹ȥСֻߵſڣûٽȥһ֣ʾڱɡ
ҿ첽룬ǰ֮ǰǸӣʦͶĿ񣬵ҽȥ֮ͻȻ۾ɨһۣ֮һĨ֮ɫˣ㲻ûȥɣ
Լãҷʵ
ȥҵǸħǿ󣬼ܹŻ϶Ҳˣҿںö˶˵ģǸսӣҿȥȣ㲻𣿡ʦЩЦ
Ҫ˵ȥˣһǶħɱأҳ
Ŷʦһ㶣ͻȻվֵĶ𣿡
Ȳ˵һ⣬УǲǰͲǸطһʼȥʱ򣬾ûʲôģѹͷһаҿʦʱһȫ˳
ϼһ̫ôӵˣȥʬǰҲ˵һЩǼҲǸʬЩƽʬķɽѷ֮С
ɺвûһϲɫˣǲǼˣĽɱˣ
˭ôͼһʬ⻹кüپ߽ʬҪү󣬿϶棬ǹҪأǲǣٴŭ
ʦҡҡͷº͵˵ˣô˵һʼȥʱҾǸطΣգҲ֪ʲôǽжʮûˣֻԼ֪ڣȴҲֻ֪һλãǿԼģȡħ֮ģҰϵ䣬ǹƽס
ʦһ˵ͦе֮ǰǸ˵ǵطգһŻͰҽ䣬û뵽ҵĸʲôħĳˣҵǹʹģһЩܽܡ
£һ
ʦȴǰЩȷ˵ˣɱ˰ûУ
ܸܲ˵˵Ǹɶģʵ
ʦɫһЩõ˵ˣǲǲϵˣЩ鲻ʵͲҪʣ֮ǰ֮ûһԼ
ҷҪ֪أɱˣȴɱʲô˶֪Ҳ˵ȥɣҺõ˵
Ҷӣ֮ӱһЩ˵ðɣȻ֪Ҳ޷ҵĳңʮǰǺ̩һʮ̩ˣɱ˺ܶˣаһ죬ȥһﴫ˰ǱһһҹǰУҴˣԶֱʱ䣬ҲһŵϢ㱧Կ̬ȣȥңû뵽ĵ˹ûʧ潫ɱˡ
˻棬ôа񣿡ҵ
˲ڿ˵ȻģǸطǲкܶײģǲҲаħʦʵ
ĵطȷʵкܶײģҲʬҵ
ǿЩײˣ󲿷ֶӸط°ȥģûɵĽʬа֮ˣɱˣǱе˳ҽһң˿ҲûʲôΥ֮£˵ǲأʦ΢Цŵ
ҷϺƤӻͦЩ˵¶ôŶҳԿˣҲʹ˰ݣôϺе̵ЩôԴΪС
뵽ұǬ˱ｫʬ˳óһ꣬һҷʬྐྵȻţжôǿ
һóʬ࣬վǰʦͻȻ۾һֱҪȥһֱӶ˹ȥô
ˣǸɶǶңҪȻϵԶ޷ˡʦв
ȱżϵ˵һҸ㣬㲻ҽզ죿Ц˵
ġϽңһ䡣ʦ˵ʱ۾һֱеǿŻࡣ


1482 
ʦʬеұ֪ʬ˵һʮҪ
ԽҪԽǲ׵ĸǵըˮɡ
ʦɱ˵ɰϽĽϵǡ˵䣬ұ㽫ǿʬǬ˱֮У΢Цſʦ
ʦжƿҵУûƢֻõͷӦҪȰҽϵ䡣
֮ϣкĶ档
˶֮󣬵ʦóһСָˣγ˼ѪȫǰһСǹҲ֪װʲôѪȥ֮ǹʱðһɴ̱ǵĸζȻʦ㽫һָͷСĳһЩںڵĶ㳯ҵԴ˹
ʶĶæʵʲô
ǰ⿪ϵأ㵽ҪҪ⣿ʦ
϶Ҫ⣬ǡ㲻ˣʲôаɣһ¶զ죿Ҳε˵
ʦһҲ̫Сˣ㽫Ҿ͸䣬õģôʳԣҪ֣϶Ҫҵ鷳ģǼŹңߣǿ໹Ǳ֮Уûа취⿪˵ǲǣ
֪á˵ţұֱӡ
ʦһ֣㽫ָϺںɫĶͿĨҵ̨֮ϣȻָһЩʲôҲ
һĶҶʱԴһᣬһɱϢ̨˳ǰ۳һź
ǺƯҵǰγһССӤģʦһ֣һץסźнâһץ֮䣬źʱɢΡ
ĪģҸоݺݵһ£һжָ
ˣϵѾ԰Ѷ˰ɣʦЩȲ˵
վһֽţûиоʲô
˵ͷ˵ˣʦҿǳҪʬܸ࣬ܲңǸʲôõ𣿡
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ôˣϵѾҽıûʲôϵ㽫ңȥǡʦ
Ҿʮֺ棬ʦ˵˵ⶫڿɻҵϣཫŪ˹֪ʲôɣ
ѾЩŭʦӣްη֮ɫҶӣջЭϣȷʵʮҪΪ˽õԸĶ
ϺиôһӣŪ˱
˰һӵУΪ֪˰ɣϽҡɳ
ȥط黹аţྐྵȻΪһķθҲ˵ʦҽùǸԵģ¶ôҲЩܲˣ̫аˡ
˵֮ʦֱӽֳ˹Ҫʬࡣ
һʦҰһңһһΪ˹Сǲǵеʾ
һ˵ʦϱֳŭݣˣ㲻Ҫ̫ôˣɱˣǽ£Ҫ߳ȥùԹԵĽǶҽ
ʦвඣЦŵ
ʦһŭľǣҸܵһʮֲֿϢӿ
ȻΪǿҶ֣ȻЩ߳ŭˡ
ҲʾͬʱҲһϢĵͷų˵зӡǼħ
չֳҪʦоֲˣ˵ĽϣҪʦ֣һûжİգֻڸİˡ
һұʦʦҪ¶ֵĻܳУɱңҲֵܽĵ׳죬㼴ɱңҲ϶ҲòǼҲѰ𣬴ˣǾһƣ
˵ͬʱ˳㽫˳ǰ
ƺ˵ĻʦüͷһһĵϢƽϢЩȻ˵ðɣˣӮˣ˵ɣ㾿ҪõЩʲô
ͿʦˣǰһΪ˵һݴҲҪȣֻҪܱҿ۾Сҵ


1483 
ʦƣҲҴҲֻܸżһ˵ǺðɣҲóһʲôȥˡ
йо仰˵úãҲǹƽס΢Ц
Ҹһ̩Σʦֱӿżɽ˵
˵ʦҲ̫Ʋˣ֪һ̩ҲֻжʮңǮ뽫Ҵߣ浱ǽлˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦ˵ʵҲȱǮϵǮ¶ˣ㻹ûбģ
ʦˣһ£ֵȻ㲻ҪǮôҴһ׹ΣŴԣһϲʲô˵
һ׷ڵĹ꽣߶ݺᣬ֮ڣȡ˵գʦһ֣㳯ŲԶǽһ֣нâ¶ֱǽȥ֮䣬һƵ죬ǽ֮϶ʱĴָĶڣǽǽֱӸˡ
Ҷȥ΢΢ͷŹ治ֻϧн꣬һͭǮϸҵֶЩͬѧû̫塣
ܿ죬ҡҡͷ˵ʦΪޱߣ϶иֶΣһйȻֻϧҲֶΣ뿴
˵ţһ֣㽫˳ǽϴ˹ȥ괩ǽֱϴһȻ󽣻ٴηҵ֮Уֶһ¶ʦɵһ㶡
΢˫Ŀܿٴ۾˵Ȼ㲻ѧǾٸ㿴
˵գʦͻȻ̧֣ճ˻צײųӿ֮䣬֮϶ʱе⸡лϸ΢ը죬ֻ֣ҶʱǰһǺֶΡ
Ƭ֮ʦǰһƣһⶸȻŲԶһӴ˹ȥ
á¡һ죬Ӷʱķѣѳӷۡ
һУǾȵĿɿڴ
ʦʲôֶΣæʵ
С˷ƷƣԶɽأ˶ƴ֮ʱȻͷ֮䣬ƴ֮˲Ҳˣܹݻ澭ϣֶΣʦֵ
ááҾѧæ˵
ǺãҾͽƴ㣬Խǰ˰ɣʦֵ
ԣҪȴơҵ
ʦҡҡͷ˵УС̫ƻˣһҴڸ㣬ٲֵΣ
Ҷ췢ģֻҪ㴫ڸƣұؽ㣬ûɶãҪҳˣһöءЦ˵
ǺãսһЩʦ
ҺܿյߣҶСĴڸһ״Ƶķһֲȫ
ʦ˵ָ֮һ飬ȷ֮ҲŽʬʦ
нӹײϴ֮ʦĲУΪֹǿ໹ôöġ
ϸһǿ࣬ͷӿݺݵһĭȻֱֽȥ˳
һĻҾЩ̫Ծ룬ϺҪɶ
ʳڣʦһ½ߣڴڵĸһĻҶĵĲ³Ѫˮ߲ͣʳʱ
꣬ģôҲüӹһٳ԰ɣ
ҸŻ˼Ҫ˳æ˼ʦʦûɶ¶ˣҾ͸˰
ʦֻʳ࣬йңֱӰ˰֣뿪
Ҵʦķ첽һߣһӦĲС
ʦＱģͲ֮ܵȥԣ죬ǳԲ·ˡ
ʵҴҴҵ뿪ҲȫΪģһ㣬ʬΪǰ˺ϴ辭һҲ˵ǿඥ໹һУˮʦûио֮鷳ԲŻż뿪ġ
ˣʦֶδƣһ⿪ϵ䣬Ųǿ
ǸϺ͸׬ˣɱ˳ˣΪ
ȦԶʵΪϣڹڻڹ⣬϶һӡ
˽֮ſڼ˵Уæ˳ߴϽңѾǺҹˣ˵ϱϢҲ֪ϢյûС


1484 
ʦĴƵķֵƨƨߵģһ·Сžͱ˽¡
ƺԶɽأ߶ʮ׿⣬ɵִﵽ˵ϣֻʱЩ鷳У֮в̺⣬ﵽ䲻Ч
ƺһͬʹõĻҹƱһһĸָҶƴһƣҲ̲ʲôôȥ
һ뵽¶̵ģ˵һҲǿ
нӿķɿ죬Сʱ֮Ǿҡ
һ·ʻ˴ׯ԰Һ͵и˳Ϳſھۼ˺öˣǾڴˡ
һ˳Ƿ׷׶Χͣɨңûʲô飬˲ŷ
ôûԿɣʵ
ûУûԿ˱ˡЦ˵
Ǻ㣬ǲȥѰģֵ
ҿô֪ģȻ
СҲǸɶģϺܲҾ͸Ĳһԣеǡɵ˵
ǺȥѰģǸĸ֣ȻʲôˣɱҲеˣҲ˵ˣΪҴӦʦܽἰҲ֮ԼһжȥˣҲƽ¡
һ£ҽſ磬üĿ𣿡
һ˵¶ɫһЩʧ˵үԲסˣûаһ磬ұȥͣ̽ѰϢǱ˵ǰʱǮȥϢǰȥʱǱͻȻֱˣǮҲգҲϢɳȥ˳Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
һ㶣ʲôǲʲô⣬Ѿ¶ˣ
ǼҪԹȥƣһЩԣǵ˵ɣжϣǿ϶ûб¶Ǳߵͷ̫󣬶Է鷳˿пˮʥЩϸ̩Ҳͺˮʥ̵˲û˸ǡһ
˵ǱѾĵϸǲҸ˵ֳ֮ʰͣ룬ǲԹȥһˣʵڲУͽϢʳ˼˵
ҵ˵ͷƬ̣ĿǰҲֻˣһҸһȥǱȥƣӽϿʼǾͲסˣִ֮󣬿»磬ԺҲû취ڽ
˵ִٵ˵ģס϶ûɶ⣬ֻҪǲֳʲôӣ죬ôҪء
磬ллĺ⣬Ǽ治㣬ƲöԸ˭Ҳ޷Ԥһʲôǲܺһˡϵ˵
Ҳ֪ԣһ£ŵǡǺðɣҲҪעⰲȫУСӸү׼Ǯ⼸λүá
ӦһܿȥĹ򣬱óһӣǡ
ֻ£յĻ϶ⲻȥ
Ǯ֮ұЩ͵ĵַԼͷͷʲô֣һȥ
ԺʲôҪĻٵ绰ͨ
ĲʱǼҹɫĵ뿪ׯ԰Ȼׯ԰ͦԶһס
֮Ҫ뿪ΪҪȡжһ¶ˣϣܵһЩڶĴѹ
˸طס֮ǱȥЩͣʳ
ȥ˲ȫȥǵط˶ӣһ¾ͶϳǣԣҴһһȥǧȻڳߣһǧƵϢͷƶ֮ģһ㶼޷ʲôãһЩͷƶֶΣһڵǧҲʾ
ҪȥĵطסĵطҲԶڰŵһ¾ư棬඼̩ߵľۼأ˴˻̽Ϣĵط͵ϴһŮˣֽŮͲ󣬶ʮ꣬˵Ů˺ܲ򵥣ԭЩϴŮˣŮֱɱϴԼλãķˮ𣬾ǸݽɫһҪС
Ůˣɱӵʱ򣬲ʮꡣ
ŮҲźֶεģ֮ͨǰһĺɮѧ£ͣҲһʮɱ֡


1485 ȵͬ
֮ұһҳ˱ݡ
ڳ֮ǰҺһһͷ⻹Ƥߡ
Ƥ߻ƤŵƷһֱϣ˵⼸Ƥڹڻ϶̫ˣΪõĴе࣬Ƥ߸Լûʲô
̩ҲûܹϳƤҲõġ
֮һ·ű㳯˵Ǹ¾ưɶȥ
ƬɱʬȻֵ¸ʦһ棬ȻǴҰֻ˲ʱ䣬Ѿҹˡ
ȻǸҹǣ˿ڰŵĳǽҲûǰ֣ǵ¾ưɵλҲڰŵĽ⣬סĵط̫Զ
ҺһҴҶУ·ϵҲˡ
˱ûã˴Լʮӹ⾰ʱ򣬹չһֵž˺ȵҺһ˴˿һۣһ£æӿĽŲǰȥܿ췢ǰһСϣͣһмɷļһһһŮȥ
һһŮڴĺȣܿһȺ˵ı򣬹ؼȵ˵ģǵͬ
磬Լͬ۸֮Щ˵ȥ
£Ҹһʹһɫʾһȥ
һ˵ͷһ첽ǰ
ʲôģ˷ſһԶȵ
Щɷ˲ûֻ֣ͣһļΪ׳̩Ӵӳһѿָ̩ûǵ¶ϽҪȻǣ
ѽġ
գۼĹҺһ㵽Ⱥ˵ǰЩ˼ǲߣӭʱŭɶ±ĸſҺһ˹
˷ֱõסһһŮĲӣĿ
һһ˱ſ˹һĵƺͣһͳҵԴȫǱҪҵģ׺ݵͽ
һļƣҵ۾ĵҵĲϣͷһţСӵĸ첲ϣ˴ֱӶ߷˳ȥ
ҽһ߷ɳȥͬʱչҲŷһ˵ϡ
ʱ򣬷׷˼ʹһɫ
ǰڿ˼ƣǰˣ˼С
ֶθʮ㣬һ۾ͱ˳ⲻ̩ȭ
ż˲Ϊˣ̩ȭҲǲġ
ˣ֮Ѹ籼һ㣬ֱӳǳ˹
ǻҪżȥǵ¾ưɰ飬ûʱЩ˾ԣҺһֶΣˣ̩ȭĸ˼УȻٵĽڵأǻҪʱֱӹȥǵȸˡ
ʣŵһһŮӵˣƺЩ
Һһ˹ȥҳĿҪȻǵĹȣ
˺ҪȻɱŮˣһ˵ţ㽫еĵǸŮĲӡ
˵ǸЮֵŮʮͷģʮֺÿֻŵĻ겻ᣬ޵滨һ㣬ǰѵѾŮźĲϻһѪۡ
һ̣һٰ˲ǺӵԣһֻץסŮϵĵȻһϥϣáǲһ죬һҽУֱӵ˵ϡ
һ֮䣬˸ӦҾѾɱߣһ㡣
һһ￴һĻȻŻˣֱӶеĵųȥ
Щ֮һŮսսվһ𣬲סĵͷǵл
ϲҪϹ䣬ⲻȹڣСһҶ
硭лл㡭ллǾǣҪȻˣҺս飬ŵŶţû뵽顭
˵ţСӱݸһƬֵ磬ҵƬعԺҪҵĵطҴ绰ͺá
˵˿ŸҲ󣬶ʮģ˹˹ģȥЩδ
ҽӹƬ΢΢һɨƬдʲôʲôܾġ
Ҳӣұ㽫ƬԺҲòæ˵߰ɣϽ뿪Ժû˵ĵط߶
˵ţһͷһһȻ첽뿪Ǹ¾ưɷȥ
λ硭һҪҴ绰
߳ԶǸĵСӻһ䡣


1486 ҹɫư
Һһ֪ղǻǸɶģ϶ǺˣղſǸӣǽٲƣǽˣŮһ鶼ƣҲ֪Ҫʲô
Ҳ˲ˡ
飬˾͹ܹܣҲǾ֮ͣͬ
ٵ뿪˴˴֮󣬼˶ʮӣ㵽˵Ǹ¾ưɡ
¾ưʮΣһҹܻĺţһרŵ˰ء
ҹܻһҲԣ̩д˼֡ҹɫưɣҲС޺ƶûУֻһյƵĵݹſڡ
Һһʱſڳ̣˴СʲôһҺһ߽˱㾯׷ӵеͷ
һžëŰƤƤϺļһﳯ˹һֱ֣ӵǵǰǿ˵˼طӴˣ뵽ĵطȥɡ
΢΢һЦ˵λ磬ͷģͨһ
˵ţұһЩ̩ݸǹĺӣǺһõǮʱֿЦˣЩǮɲ٣˵Ҳһ̩ǧӹȥ֮󣬷ָ˿ŵһһЩ
Ȼ󣬲ɫʲô
ȻзǳҪ飬ܻܣܸ˵㻹ǸϽȥɡҿ˵
һεϸҺһһۣС䣬һ˱ˣԼȥɣͷ档
Һһ˵ͷǸлһ˽ȥ
һ¥ݣһ䣬ȻƿһЩ
Һһ˽ȥһȺħľ
صм䣬һ޴̨мŮɣھŤ֫еŮű¥Ÿֹ衣
ǣƺûж˵Ŀע⵽̨ϵŮҲû裬󲿷ֵ˶ľһ𣬺ʲô˼ǣطǻˣ˺ͺ˶С
֮ǰұ˵¾ưɾ;ۼ˰ŸеߣǸ߱˴֮ĳ
ǴϢѰ𣬹Ӷɱ֡ȫ¾ưɵĽס
Һһһ߽ưɣʱɵˣҿѹѹôһƭˣȥǸŮأ
ЩãȻվﲻ֪ʱͻȻһѳ˹
һ24kڣ¾ưɵĵƹͺڰҺһҲŷҪһЦ¶һڴһ濴ǺٺһЦһڵҲ̫һЩ
Ǻ˸ſڱ˵˼仰ȲӢҲ̩ģź
һãȻһȴǶ費ҪǰǵСձˡ
԰Ҳҿһ
ձ⣬ԶһЩһ
Ǻ˸һ˵ģܿ۾һתֱӱλѣҪҵİæҽһ£ҽнܿˣ׹ˣ̩ܶˣҹɫưɵҵʲôҪĻȫңǴϢɱԽȫܰˣ׵ġ
ȥǶһſڱһģһǾƬζǹĿ࿴
Ҫ˵ʱԱһˣ˵̩ģЩ˵ܿˣںƻأ˼ҿɲһףһ˻ĽɫСԲ˶ߡ
ܿ˵̩һۣû˵һȥ⡣
̩˺ٺЦҡҡͷ뿪
̩֮󣬽ֵô˸Ƕ۸ԹۣͯҪǹӶɱ֣ȫŵĽɫҪǿ۶̩ʹĸֶܸ֤һʧҪǴϢұ֤Сʱ֮ھ͸׼ȷϢԴȥǱߺȱƣúһģ
üһ˸Ҳһܻ𳵵ƿŶȲ
΢΢һЦ˵ǶѾͷԼˣӵģ´лһ죬мҪæ
ܿһĨʧ䣬εҡҡͷ˵ŶװĻѣһ˵飬ûϵǻкĻģ˵ɣҪҰʲôæ
Ҿʣͷʲôطʵ
ǽܿ˺ܿͱľ˵ǲǹӵôʲôط㶼֪
ϴҵѣ¶ûġѵ


1487 է
Ŷѣҿǳէ̫ĹأҹɫưɵĽףǲֵڶ˵ģĹأҪԺܶͷģͷƻܲˡܿҡͷ
ҺٺһЦ˵ҵȷǳէ̫أҺˣһҵ׹ѽܿˣ϶ҵġ
˵ţҴһ̩˽ܿ˵С
ܿһ۾һæǮ˹ȥ϶ʱЦݣ˵Ƕ󷽣˼ҽܿ˽ˣԺҪʲô飬һҪҡ
һģôʵڵǲϽ˵ͷʲôطɣҿʵ
ܿһָ˵㿴ûУӱ߶һֱߣһСţȥ֮ſŵһӣͷİ칫ң϶棬Ҫȥ϶̫ףͷæ飬ûдǡ
˵꣬ǺѻĵһЦЦݿҲһ̫ˡ
л˽ܿˣȻ˻ֱ֣ӴһǸСŵķ˹ȥ
ҹɫưɵߵͷһ䣬еСţƿ˷֮Ⱥ˽ȥȵ෿䣬Ҳ֪ǸɶõģԼԼ˵Ĳҽ֪ʲôط˹
вʱһ䷿ӵſվǼ׳ȫһ׳ͷǣ۾һ׺֮ɫ
ǻû߹ȥ׳֮бһ˴ǵĳ˹ָǵﲻǽĵطϽȥ
ҺһûлӦ˵ĻӭǵĶȥ
һһҲܿ쳯˹һ֣Ӻһذףָǵ𣿸ղŵĻûǰɣϽ
˵䣬˾ǻԶľ룬ذ׵СѾذ׸ۿžҪ֡
ʱٴ֣˵λ磬ᣬͷģλͨһ
ŵ˵̩ˣȻ˵Ҳ̩
˵ذ׵λûʵϴûԼˣϽߣ£
磬ͨһ£ȷҪ顭һѧҸղŵӣһǮݸˣ˸ͲһһףһѾͽһеǮ˵ϣ˵ϽûǶ֣
˸ͲκλᣬǣȻߣֶο϶Ҳ̫ͣҸһһ˶Ըһ֮ҲһǸ¡
ԥŲ֪ôʱͻȻǼӵſˣ˴һص˳һҺһ΢΢üͷ
߽ˣһζΪϤǾѪζ
϶ʬ壬˻Ǹûá
ܿ죬ǵĲ͵õ֤ӱȥһξ֮ԵѪ˳
Ǳһţǰŵ˵ͣ
Ͻ˵һΣҪȻ治ˣǸ˻˻ֵذףٴв
һҪҪȻǲߵġҶȻ
أųļһ˵ֱҲһذף˹΢΢һ˹ȥҪ˳ȥץӵʱ򣬲˵ĵٵķ˹Ҵ˹
£еҪǿôһ
̫עԼеĵˣȴûע⵽̣ܿ챻һСϣߵ˼
ͬʱһҲѾһиеذ׸˻һȥķ˵ϡ
˶ʱŭգӵϷٴγǶ
ڴʱ顱һ죬ٴαˣһɽ˳ʲô֪ͷæ𣿡
һɽ˶ʱֽͣţɽסĵͷŵ˵Բ𡭡Բ𡭡Ͻߡ
ʱɽӲųǿһۣ˭
˵ҴͷģûиͷԤԼ뿪ءͦǳ˿ŵ
ɽٴɨһǣԵЩͷ˵ǽɡ
˵ţɽ˽ȥȴǿŵġ
һæŸʲôʴǽȥأ㣡


1488 Ŀò״
ɽ̩ˣӦҹɫưɹ¶ģŵ׳ΨǴӡ
Һһһ֮󣬺߽֮ܿ
Ӹ̤ȥŵﴫŨѪζһһȻոˡ
ǽȥһǿذһ̯ʺѪ̲ʺѪԱߣżɪɪˡ
̧ͷһǼڵϵ˵Ķ棬һž޴İ칫ڰ칫ĺһŮˣʮģŵǰĹģβбɳϣ޳ĴбŷϣŮû˵Ҳͦã֮ʼմһɱŭǽ֮ûһֻۣһѴǹ
ش˱ҹɫưɵĵҵģ͵ͷͷŷɥĴͷС㡣
С󣬻վˣߴϵļģźòˣһ࣬һֶβĺ֡
ڵϵǼ˵һ࣬һӣŵǸˣǸղŵǽɽͷ㣬оûϴͷӣֽʣӦǳС֮ĵȨ˵ΪҲǲġ
ԴһҺһɨľƣ֮⣬һ߸ˡ
ڵϵֽŶסˣȻСҪʰˣûʲôвԡ
ʣ֣ټûлӣһˣҲ˵һҪǵÿ쵶ն飬ļȫŷڵأһܾǸˡ
Ǹ֮˵ҲжٺˣߣĳӣֻҪǷ߳飬ôҲӣԮ֣Һһٴı£Ҳôܸ֮ô˶֣ǱҪֵСĽС
ǵĿǱͷ˵䣬ڵ϶ǲ˵
ʱԾϴ󲿷ֵϢܹоߣǸ˵ĸоǰͱˣֶֻһѡ
ԣǽ֮ڳ˶ûаǷ
۲˾֮ҺһĬĬվһԣһ仰Ҳû˵ֻһԹߡ
սվȣbiuһ죬Ȼһ˾͵˵ϣԴһѪأðѪˮĽȾһƬѪ죬˵Ӿ£ܿûϢ
Һһһ̧ͷȥǹϹŵһ˵Դ˻
ɱ֮΢΢Ц촽˴ǹڵ̣˵Ѿˣ˵˵ײʲôط
ڵϵŻˣ޵ֻҡͷ˵Ų֪һơ
ûκãĺ
üһԱߵɽʹһɫɽܿһ֣ͻȻһذףߵһ˵ߣֱӳסһ˵Ķ䣬䣬˵Ķͱ˷һĲҽУֻǽһ룬һҲ
˵˵Ҫٲ˵ҾͽܸĶȫǿӲҵĵӲɽһ߶ݺݵ˵ţһ߽䶪Ͱ
˶˻ѪҲ̶ã޿䣬۵˿ӣҺһּѪ֮ˣҲЩ̫ϰֳ棬ô˵أоЩֱ̣ӸʹģҲˬ
ǼǱ˶䣬˻ҡͷ˵֪ͷҲ֪治֪Ǽٲ֪˵ˡ
³׼ŭɽذףٵĳǸ˵ͱ˺üѪһΣֱӵѪ֮УǲδȥϵſڵϲҺڵϹŵľͻʣһˣǸһȥʮˣѾŵɫ࣬Ӷɸ
ȷǸˣ΢Ц˵ʣһˣ˵ʲôطҴӦ㲻Ҫǻ˵ҾǼĻҪѿ
ǸĿͬ鶼УѾӽڱˣһɽлڵѪذףۡһ˳ʹҪɱҡҪɱҡ˵̽Ҷǽ棬ˮˣÿǽҵ㲻Ҫɱҡ


1489 
ܺãһ˵ʵˣһһʹڰ칫һ̧֣űһǹֱӴ˵üģͨһһҲѪ֮С
˿̣䲻ķʬ壬ѪأŨѪζڱǼ⡣
еǹ˰֣Щͷ˵ˣʬŪߣҸطˣ˳ȥһ̽ļȡ
ɽʵ˵ͷ㽫ſڵк˹ֱó˼ܴƤ䣬ϵʬȫװƤ֮У˺ܿ콫ϵѪɾ
ӣһжʰ׵ЩʬҲװƤ֮У˴˳ȥһкûһ
ͷȥ˽ȡվǰ˵
ȥɣȥء˰֣뿪
Һһ˴˿һۣвһϲʵҲǸĸ֣ôһߣһĿꡣ
ʱ֮⣬ʣˣ֣ſŵǸˡ
һж䶨֮һۣ΢΢һЦ˵λѣӭҹɫưɣҵʲô飬ǸղҲˣҵƢɲ̫ãûʲô̫Ҫңҿǻǲϡ
΢΢һЦߵİ칫ǰղһ˹Ȼһƨȥ˵أȷʵкص飬Ҳ˵ǸǮġ
˵ı飬ʱһ£ղǰɱˣһ˼ֳ棬ŵĻ겻ˣȴֵ˵϶Щܲˡ
ղŵǵɱˣΪʾ
ϵЦʧˣܿͱЩʲô¶˵
һ˵ϢϢɿҿԸһǧ̩һָ
ʵһǧ̩ͦ࣬ʵҲûж٣
Ƕ˵ȷһСĿһϢѣ˳֮ͣ׾ٵĵõһǧ̩Ҳ̫һЩ
ңٴЦݣֵλѣͦ󷽵ģҺ֪ʲô˵Ϣأ
һˣֽ죬֪ͷܲܰæأ΢Цŵ
һ˵족֣ɫ˲Ͳˣ˵Ϣʲô
ͷ²ǵҵΧ֮ڰɣֻҪǮ¶ͺãʵľͲҪʣǻ˵ǲأҿһЩ©΢ЦԴ˿֪Ϣ
ͻȻֱӣ˵ǰ첻߰ɡ
ͷǲӼǮ̫ͣҪȻٸһǧ̩㿴ô
Ǯ⣬ҲʲôˣڿʼϽ뿪ϣȥЩˣҺһĵһʱҲĪǵĵϸԲǴߴǾ뿪
ͷأڱصãϢǲ뿪ģϣܹǣƵ
˵ʱܵˣüͷһֱӾͳ˹һεľеǹֱӶ׼ҡ
һ̣Ѿ߶ٰ˲һߣһ־ץסֻǹ֣û뵽һôһУһ£ͷֵĿҡ
ҶֵͬʱһѾӣһŷ߹ȥ㽫һ˸߷˳ȥݺݵײǽϣٵĸƴ
ס֣һֲֻ֪ľͶһذףҵС˹һֻٴסӡ
ŮҵĺܣܿһţҵȥúݵǣҪһӾţֻո̧ŵʱһѽ˳ȥ
ٵĺ˼һ»һŶ˹ٴζ˳ȥ
ˣһԵļץһձһͳ˹һ̣Ҳ˽꣬ƴ˼£Ů˱𿴳ͦһٽӣϵأ׺ݣ죬һʼǼһЩʮ֮һɨǧͺɨ˳ȥݺ֮䣬ϵĶᣬ󾪣æᵶͿɨǧȻӺܿҲ˳ȥ
һٰ˲ȥбһҩۣͷ˹ȥ


1490 ɻ
֮ǰҾ֪ŮˣǸʮһͨ˼УоǸͦѲûзųгǽͷƶ֮ӦԵİ취࣬ұҪŮ˻ûʩչ֮ǰֶνˡ
˵ŮΪ֮ϻǸһĲģʩչ콣ʱЩŲסˣҽڵ֮󣬲һлɢͷ˹ȥ
Ѧҵҩ鴫ҩһϣҪǰһξ͵˵ϡ
ҸеʱһҲѾŷеһڸһ˾
ڴʱſڿص˶͵һƿţͳﴳ˽
֮䣬һεĴ߶ٰ˲һǵߣֻҩһ
һĽŲûͣ٣ǰܣĲͬʱ˵ϣ²ʡ
ұ㱼ſڣһѽصŸˣһ˽
ȻҸոս˸ŵ֮ͻȻ䡰嶣塱һһ
ͷȥʱ򣬵һеǸ˺ӣͻȻһѾͰһǶǽϵһť֮ϡ
ӦǾɡ
һ죬ƾܽЩ߶й
꣬ʲôʲôզ죿
һʱ䣬ŭգ첽Ǹļһߣһǰл֮Ǽһﱻһķ˳ȥѪȻٴλεߣҩԵĻ˹ȥ
ţұĵǾ֮ϣǾֹͣ춯
ļˣȫǷŷˣǺܿ죬ʹһܼĽŲкܶӿ˹
Һһһۣб࣬룬²군
顭ŵĶܿ˴ͷ𣬵׷ʲô飬쿪Ű
һһ˱лɢסߣýסĺ˵ߣҪȻɱ㣡
Թĵһۣҧгݵ㶯һԣɱңҲܻ뿪кüٸ֣һһĭҲǣ
Цһ˵Ҳ̫Сˣ⼸˻סǣȻܰȫɱˣܻǺɵģҹֻһĿģҵϢ飬ʶģǣСˣԹǣ
˵ţұ㽫סĺ
ܼû˻ӦѾʼˣŪɽ죬Ʋӣžͱÿˡ
˲䣬ɱ׺ݵߣҾ˵һˣ
Щ꣬Ҳɱϵɱһ¶ҲģӦҲܹоҲһɱ˲գ۵
ҶӣſںҾԾܲãһţҪǵ
һɤӺȥǺܹõģֹܿͣ
˲ĵʵͷû¶
˵ǹﻻ·ɣٴŭ
ĶЩȷûʲô¶ܿ죬ŲٴЩ˿ٵ뿪ſڡ
ҽӵϡ
ֵĿһۣͻȻǡǾʲôˣ
֪֪͵ֻҪǾͺˡҵ
ղŶʲôҩʲôΪʲôȫûһͿһֵ
ģҩҲǶҩɱ㣬ֻҪǣȻҩҵ
ʵǸ飬ǲܸ˵ģ˵֮ҿ϶Ҳɱ֮ߵҲһ꣬ԣİɣҪȻڶɱҡȻ
ӣҪ˵ô㽫ǣֲ߱ˣ֪֪֪֪ʲôµأȰ
ֻǲ˵һģ
˵һתָһЦ㿴ûУһƬĲɻóֶξǲҪǲ˵Ҿúź㣬Σѿ϶ϲĲУһʰһֱӽեɣһ̫ţʱڿɾˡ
һ㼷ʱһۣЦүܲиζǲɻء


1491 
һ˵Ļģ֮ǰĻһ˵һǲɻ϶ʱЩЦ⣬ĵ˵С糤ĺܿΣҺϲһͲأб¾
û뵽˿ҰһߵȷҲͦ˧ģͦˡ
ûУϣ㻹ʲôأһͷһһ
һεҡҡͷ˵ϽģʳǺߣʱ䲻ˣī
Ҹɿһɫһ࣬ٴ˵ͷ֪һֶǲϿڣҿɲһˣڸ˵Ҳöܿʱڿɾˡ
߰ɣҾ͵ûҲǵ鷳ǳģαҪôأҵ
˵óѦСߵľתιǵһӣС죬Ǿתιǵ˽ȥȻһĺҩͱ˸С
һҳʲô
һ֪ˣұ֤Ųӡ΢Ц
ҲʮĹǾתιǵҩЧͷˣҿݺܿŤһӱĳ죬Ȼ۵ķʹİ
ӽҲ˵ϣͣķ
һ۳ӣҲһҵʲô
СԼоҩתιǵ֮ԴС߸ҩһûпܳŵӣҪҪҲһųҸһ˵Ц
һ˸ۣȥʱ򣬵Ѿ۵ͷ󺹣۾ףʡ
ֹ˰Ӳʱ䣬Ѿʼ鴤ˣѵſڵϣʹ˵˼ֵͣ˵˵
ˣһŽ޹˳ı棬˼¡
Ƭ֮һֱ˵ϡ
أԴϢ˼ڣ㡭ҳԵʲôôôۡ
ʲôҪ˵ǽۺü졣Ц
Żˣæ˵ҿԸǡҷѪģԺʲô˵ϢҸǵġ
ãҴӦ㡣붼û룬̾Ӧ˳㷢һġ
ҷ˶֮Ÿǵ˵ǸǲǴӻһйĻˣ
ҵ
̩ûãͰ˺ˮʥ̵³£ΪĵӣΪʮֵ͵ٳ飬ҲǴͨ˺ܶϵҵ˺ˮʥ̵ĵ³µ˲֪˵ĵϸ˵³ṩ˴ǮƣҴ˵ʲʺУǵ³ͽܣ̶̼Ĺ򣬱ѾΪһʮĽɫҲа³һЩ顣
³Ϊ˺бǵˣ϶ᱻڣǰȥεһӣΪǸһ˼ͽ˶ɱˣʮĴħͷѪծۣ֪͸¶Ϣȥҹɫưɽڡһ˵
ʵǺˮʥ̵ˣ֮ǰ׼Ϊϴξʹźˮʥ̵ļɮȥɱҵģֻû뵽ǣ쵽̩֮󣬾ȻһȣǺˮʥ̵
Ĳ˵ֱ˵ˮʥ֯Ѿʮֿˣ˵ʲô
е³˾Ǹ൱Ľɫ
Ӧһʵʲôط
϶³һ𣬶³ס̩һƬܴׯ԰ǵ³˽ׯ԰סׯ԰ҾͲ֪ˣΪҾֻ֪ôࡣֵ
Һһһۣһֵܲ˵һǵ³ׯ԰ʲôط
صǣֻҪߵһ˶֪Ǹׯ԰
ʵˣûʲô˵ˡ
ҵ˵ͷȻٴ޹ǣұкһ뿪
һߣһ˵ģ⼸¶û¶Сʱ֮ԼܹҲû¶Сʱ֮жˡ
λȵȡҺһߵſڵʱͻȻסǡ
һͷ㻹¶𣿡
ǡǡҪȥҵ³鷳ɣСʵ
ΣΣ
Ҫȥҵ³鷳ȰǾģ͵ֱ̫ˡһὫ׽סǵһһĸȻȥιѵ


1492 ³ׯ԰
Ƕ֪˵Ŀ϶ģǱǺˮʥ̵׽סĻľ·һ
Ȼ˽ȺˣǸɵķˣ黹̫
ڵõϢҺһ뿪ҹɫưɡ
ʱǻǺֵܽܿˣĸǴкǸоûһ㣬еôˣߵʱ򣬻һƬ˵ϵʽʲôҪĻܿ
ֵܣҲֻǼ򵥵ķ˼䣬Ƭ˹Ҵҵ뿪
ܿ죬Һһ۷ʱסǸݣȥ֮춼ˣҺһ鱨˵һ¡
󣬲ⶼ꣬˵Сӻǲ򵥣Ȼ˺ˮʥĴȣ¶Ʋ̫ð졣
ôֻܹȥȲȸ˵ûɱĻᣬʵǲö֣Ǿ취
򵥵һ£ҲЩƣˣ˵ȥ˵һϢһ¡
ˣ˸԰Ъ
һ˯ĺ̤ʵǵõϢ֮ҲŻðࡣ
ȴһ飬Ǳǣ֪Ϣһʼⳡɱ¾ŸոĻҪɱ죬Щȫˣô׵顣
ʱǱ㲻ˮʥǣκιϵĿֻɱ죬ڿˮʥ̵˷ʲôǲˡ
֮˶Ѿ׼׵ЩԾԾԡ
ҲˣһЩüĿʵжһϽ飬Ǻ̻عãȴûм̹
Ǽٴκϼһ£ұһ绰ȥ׼һǳǱκεĹϵȻͣסıݸͺá
飬ɵľʹӦ˵һСʱ򣬾ͻһȥ
ǿȥʲôҲûжʡ
ʱ䣬ǼֶƤ߸ˣҸԻһͷһȫ
ŪЩ֮ʱܿ͹ȥˣǼ˾¥£ݵһͣһ½˹ȥǳһͿԿ׾ڳš
һվǻֱ̩ĵڶУҲʮַǺˮʥ̵³ԶһСǣصǵĵط
һȥ·;ңԶǴ翪һֱʱȻȫʱ򣬲صǡ
ص֮³һ̣˳һµ³ׯ԰ʲôطûʵôֱףصׯ԰
С̵ϰ˵һطұٴϳ˳ŵ³ڵǸׯ԰ȥ
ųԶľͿ˺ôһƬׯ԰ɽΧһƬطûʲô̡
һǸط֮Ǳ㽫Ӹͣ˸طغá
ȫڳû
Ƕû뵽³ļһȻׯ԰һطһɽǧ𣬸ơļλֱӾһƬҰһ۾ܿķ
óȻȥĻһ۾ܹ˷֣ĿҲ̫һЩ
ǸеΪѵǣׯ԰кܸߵԺǽԺǽ滹˿ңңĿȥм¥Ľ߸Ǹжôɭϡ
ôǺûа취Ǳ뵽ׯ԰֮У޷̽ѰϢ
һΣ˶Щ޼ƿʩˡ
ɳһλǸ޷ׯ԰õİ취ˣСӲһֱׯ԰֮вǾţʱ취Ū
չȴЩ鷳ˣһ첻ǾҪһ죬һ²ѵǻҪһ²ɣʱ򣬿϶ųģҲ֪ǳﵽʲôˣҾ취̫ףİ취ɡ
ʱͻȻһǲͣǵǰ棬Ǽ˶ͣס˽̸ǰȥĹ򣬴ӳһˣüۣһ˳վǽǣ⿪˿С
СһȻ˿ӣٴοŵ³ǸרԱʻ˹ȥ
ұûн˼Ǹ˵ϣǵԶ֮һͻȻһҵļС˵СŸ磬ҸղſЩ죬ӦǼ㿴Ų𣿡
ʶҺ


1493 뻢Ѩɵû
ʶʶϣݺݵСһ٣ϸ롭һЩ˵
ϸһ룬ͻȻЩüĿϣҺһȥҹɫưɵʱڰһ̩ڽٳһһŮҺһͶһ¶ǰ̩˸ˣһһŮһǵ˵֣ġ
һʱûлعһ¶ǵʲôϵ𣿡
Ȼйϵˣҿǵĳǳŵ³ׯ԰ȥģЩ˿ǵ³¡һȻ
ʲôҳǳӵķȥǳĹѾʻׯ԰ſڣǳŵ³ׯ԰ȥġ
ʱһ˼˵СŸ磬ϸûУЩ֣Ǽ̩˵ʱҪٳһһŮǽٲƣҲǽɫҪˣˮʥҪʲôģάôӴ֯ṹ϶ҪʽԴ漰ķǷ֮ܶ࣬ǰʱս͸˵ˮʥ̼ǷĹȫȫˣ𡢷˽˿ڡɫҵ嶾ȫҸоǵʱٳˣȻͼ
ҵ˵ͷƺһĻ˽⵽ʲô
Ƭֻ̣һ绰ȥ
ʱɫ磬û˯£绰ֻͱͨˣүʲô飿
磬飬³Ӧ˵ɣ
ˣǱ߾һЩˣšүʵ³ʲô㲻Ҫҵ³鷳ɣ
ͱˣ֪̫಻ãҾһ顣ҳ
ү˵
³Ǻˮʥ̵϶֪Ҿ³ƽʱЩʲô˹˿ڣ
ص³漰ҵͦ࣬ıǴ̩ɫҵһںһЩ٣̩ٻ϶ǴǱͨģֱǱһٶϰ̩ҪĸܹɾӣЩٿ϶ͨŪġ
һ£ֵү³б׺ݣǧ϶к³Ҫǵǿ϶Ӳ̩ҸҲ꣬үǧҪذ
磬ģǻǽģʲô飬ǵеκһὫǣһұ㽫ϵʽͨ¼ȫɾܹȫصڣϵ֣µ˵
үСǣǵ³ǲǣֻҪйغˮʥ̵飬̩û˸ҵǣֻü𲻳ɣСȥڶѾ˿
ˣзִ磬ټɡ˵ţҾ͹ҵ˵绰
ǷŵղĻȫ˶
³ļһﻹа񰡣Ҳ˵Ϊ潣Ƿһʮ飬֪ҪˣлᣬҾӦ˵³бļһ
ѾˣǼˣ϶ǵ³£רŵٳ˵³ׯ԰ģŮıΪ潣еɱˣٶǮҾ飬ǿһ¡һ
˵Ŀⶼһչ̲סʵһ磬ô㣿
ȫԱǽٳһΣǵĳ³ׯ԰֮УȻ£ҵ죬ɱˣ취ӳĿǰ˵Ǿֻһ취ȥһ
һ˵޲һɫص˵ҾףʲôǶ֪óȻĽȥν뻢Ѩ޻أҲ˵ܲɱ죬ǽҵɱˣҪӳƺѣоǣǿˣЩ³ôһ¶˶֣Ǽһͬǵ³ׯ԰֮У
׻˵ĺã뻢ѨɵûӣǰǺ»Ҳɱ죬ֻ֮ضʱֻȥ˱ãӦһоׯ԰֮ж濪ʼǵעȡܵĻᡣһֵ
ǸŪþȫûˡ
ҳƬ̣Щԥ
һֵܿСŸ磬ˣλҸһȥ
ˣɱ֮𣬲죬ֵܵŮˣţһԮҸСһȥЩˣҸСϵĴ࣬ȽĬëԼ


1494 ·
һ˸ͷʣµļǶԾԾԣҪһѨ
Ұ˰֣ЦˣҶҪˣֲʲô¶ŪöҪСȥĹξҸϻȥɣ˵ҸϻϵĴҲȽĬɹĿ΢ôһЩˣһɺӣһҺϻֳ϶ǹʱ渺ص˾͵³ׯ԰ֵԽԽãɢ˵עׯ԰Ĵ¥ƵĶ϶ǹأҲСĽһЩҺϻܻܲųͿˡ
¶˵϶ǰ϶飬øˡ
ֻҿɵԵЩԥһǵˮ©ûкܴյ飬ȥɣǵľԵòִࡣ
ԣ϶Ǿ಻֮
ֻǣҾЩ飬Ӧÿ쵶ն飬ڳ취֮⣬Ҳûиõİ취顣
һ˵ûЧԷһ䲻⡣
飬ĪǣҲһֱһ񣬲ɱ죬ʳѰ
׵֮Ҳô
֣µĸλһ֣ޱׯص˵λܵܣңѣⱲ޺лôһֱߵ죬λزˣ±ӻǵֵܣ
ˣ˵ɥǶûţһ٣¶ôѿеһͷӦĺ˾ְȻСŶֻһߵڣˣҲһҧ
ã¶ôˣǾͲɱ飬Ŵǵ³ׯ԰ĳͺãȻСźϻֳɵٰǿ϶Źһ
ʱ䣬һоͺðˣǼͶڵ³ׯ԰Χһ¥ϸ۲Ǹׯ԰Ķ
ϣǼְֵأԽԽľ³ׯ԰Ͱһ㣬һϣׯ԰ΧкִܶƣΧյһƬͨԺΧļﱤƵĽһֱֵأЩԶЩ˴ûǹǶûҸо϶еġ
ֻǿһϣǳһûгֻеڶ糿½½ЩĻŴׯ԰˷ɢȥǸȥѰĿˡ
ʱǸׯ԰ҲģһҲǰʱ֣ǳ½½۷˻
гʻǸׯ԰ʱұðչһطĴȥأһпɵĳ͸Ǵ绰ȻҺϻٳ
һֱϰ˵ӵʱ򣬰չǱ߸Ҵ˶һ绰˵ĿѾˡ
кһУֻͷ˸̩ľƣһһƿҡҡλεľͨ³ׯ԰Ĵϡ
Һͻйװһģ˴żһ·ǰߣ˵˵ЦЦ̬ʮ㡣
˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰ǰһҺͻ֪Ŀˣֱ˴ϣҡҡλεĵǳӵǰ档
ǳһȣҽŲֱͣӾײϣһΣϻ͵˵ϡ
ܿ죬Ͼˣֵ˵ʲôˣˣ
ǸҺһʰһһƤߣҲûϳ
ߵ˵ڵϵҺͻеߣһţ𵲵
Ҵһƿߴһͨ˵Ų۾˴
ʱ򣬴ӳˣһ˵ʲô
ȵĶ߲·ˡҵĳû˵
ɳϽŪϳýû񣬴ȥҲǮ㿴׳ģúʡһ˵
ǸɳӺٺһЦ˵ңΪ¶أԼŵģɾͲҪඡ
˵ţɳһкӱܿ쳯˹һһҺͻдӵһһｫʱһ£̩ĵǸʲôſҡҪȾơ
ǻȥкܶþƣ֤ȸٺ١һ\ݵļһ
ҲȥǷſҡһ˻ӣҪ뿪ʱǺӱɫֱӳҵСһȭȭͷȻۣһǹһ۵ӣȻͱǺӸֱ˳Ѿһȥ


1495 ٯ
Һͻб˳֮󣬺ܿ챻ϵļ˸סˣҺͻжԵ˼£Ǳһȭߣ󻹽ذ˳ҺͻеĲϣвǲҪٶĻɱǡ
ҹ̿״˭\ȴ˭ֻҪǹԹԵ֤ʲô¶ûС
˵꣬óϵóӣҺͻһʵʵ
ӾΪͨӣסһˣǿ϶޷ѣҺͻΪҪѣҲǷַӵ顣
ڲϣҺͻֻڲʵʵǡ
ЩסҺͻеʱһܿһۣ۲һǴʱľƣ˻٣ǵĺ棬żˣúɫͷԴ
ûҶ࿴סֽŵҺͻоͱǸͷף󣬱˷˳ӣŵ³Ǹׯ԰ȥ
طŵ³ׯ԰кóһξ룬֮ʻԼһصʱҾһ˵δĻת˺ü죬ٴҵǣٯһǳϲɣ
ǿ϶ϲǴŮٯѡģһﱻ˾ˣٯһٴǻ˻ٯһ˵ġһ˻ص
ǵĻҾЩ⣬ӦǰϣҺһѵͬһˣ˼ֽǾǶСָץ˹
ղǱŪϳʱ򣬺˶ͷףҲûзֱЩ˭
˿˵Ǹٯʲôأ
ųŵ³Ǹׯ԰ԽԽ֪ʱˣڽǸׯ԰֮ǰǱҪȽ˸ʰȻׯ԰֮УܴǵĿе֪䡣
һ̣˫ַϢĽס˫ֵӸˡ
һѽͷ׸ߵ˶һ㶣ͻȻѵҸһ
ǻûзӦʱұлɢųһͨ
лɢҩЧ죬ܷĳ֮иѡ
һҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬳˶УǳӺܿһɲͣ
лɢʱ򣬻ҲƵĽԼϵӸ⿪ˡ
ǰ渱ʻųɳתͷֵĿǣ㡭ô⿪ӣ
ҴһذףֱӵɳĲϣ˵ģ͹ԹǣҪȻеذ׿ɲˡ
ɳһĨţܿвʲôˣ֪˭𣿲ľͷǣ
Ϊ֪˭ԲǵӲǵ³ôʰľҺ
֪ǵ³¾ȻҶǣǻˣ˵³֪ʲô³𣿡ɳв
۾һУеذһΣֱ˿˵ĲϣĲֱӸˣѪɳһ
˵Ӿ£ܿûҽذ׳˳һεĶ׼ɳҵľģ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ɳŵɫ䣬æ˵ǡ˵ɣʲô
ż㼸⣬شĺأҾͲɱ㣬ҪǸ˵ٻ³ԱǸһ΢Цŵ
ɳһǶ־Ҫɱ˵ʱǰNɪˡ
ˣܵлɢĿ֮ȫ̱ϣûһ˿
Щˣȫлпţĵѯɳ顣
ɳŵ磬ʲô֪Ķ˵ֻҪ㲻ɱҡ
ܺãһ⣬ڲׯ԰֮У
ɳһ㶣ʵ˭
־һƴ˹ȥŭװǵ³յĵӣӻĹģ˵㲻֪
ɳһȻģ˵ͷ˵Ŷ֪˵˭ˣǸ͸֣Դᵽׯ԰֮󣬾һֱٯ˸ġ
ô˵Ҳׯ԰棿ʵ
ڡ϶ڣǽ׽һŮˣٯҪģһ㽫Ů׸ٯءɳʵ
һϲȥأû뵽Ϣô򵥾͵õˣһ֣˺
һС˵ʱҲȤǰҲʵ㣬ǵӵ³ڲׯ԰
˵³ȻˣѾþöûгȥˣСɳ


1496 潵
ϣˮʥ̵³ڣǾܷĴ󵨵ĸ죬ѳĻҲԴࡣ
ϧܲɣ³ׯ԰֮Уһǵ³Ȼ棬һˣҾΪһʮǿģҲ֪⼸ܲʰ
ҿ˻һۣȽϵ˵СţˣϣòȻǾȥģҲȥһһлǰԭƻС
ҵ˵ͷһǸɳСӵͣһҩȥͬʱҲڳϵ⼸˶һҩ衣
ڸǳԹҩ֮óѦС߸ҵ޹ǳǽлɢ
ҩ軹ҳʱһҵģ˵ǹƣҪʱ˵ó
һȻһǧƣڹƶ֮ĲǺܶ࣬Ҳȫ
ǧѾǣȫԸһйͨһѧЩùƵֶεĻǧƿ϶ҲᴫڸһЩ취
⼸ҩ裬ǧƸķһԼĳСҲ㲻öôŻȫá
⼸ҩǼ˵ĿУǸ¶˻ֲ̿ɫ
ɳ硭ʲôˣʲô
Ҫȥһ棬Ҳǿ˵ǸٯԣҲϣˣʲôУֻҪ΢¶һЩ紵ݶĺۼҷַӾŪǣҳ
ɳıǳʺһͻȻƺһʹ˵ҶӺۡ
˵ţɳһѾƿ£¶˶ƤŶƤϿһۣʱŵͷվҿһĻҲһ
ҿˡ
ɳĶƤ϶ССĿ׶Ƕ֮жЩֵĳ䶯ʱĶƤһ޴һۣ˾쳣θ
һΣɳʱˣ硭磬ҳԵʲô㣬Ҫɱҡ
Ҹ˽ͷ潵ֻҪұң߶ʲôľٶ̾ͻ߶ͷͻʳǵеֻʣһѹͷӣǴԡ
˵⻰ʱҳǼɨһۣ⼸ҲƿԼ£˿ԼĶƤŵɫɪɪ
ɳҪˣæͷúúáʲôУǧ߶ͷ
ҸµȻʲôͷֻ̩һƬ߹ýͷֻŻǣҸõǹƣڵ置ƶһ֮ǰ˵ƶֻǿȥЩ˶ѣʱйһĹҲʮּ򵥡
סǣұɳڼʻλϣɱǸӴӳŪһεĲݴԶһԣȻɳųǼŵ³Ǹׯ԰ȥ
ʱһͷźù¿ȥвЩ黳ǲҪǣϸһ룬ƺЩ̫׵
ҪǷǣǽжв㣬ָҪҵǸŮˣʱǹȥˣǸŮȴûдȥȻľ衣
ңֲʥĸǣ˭Ҫ֮ģҾȹһΣǻǱ˸׽סˣ͹ֲˡ
лᣬһǻὫǸȳġ
ڿҪʻ³Ǹׯ԰ʱұǼ³½ҺͻסһԶͷס
Ȼǰǲûа̫ʵ΢һܹѿѾǸȫƿסˣȻҲֳʲô۶ӳ
֮ɳ㿪ųӵ˵³ׯ԰ĴſڣӾͣʱŴ򿪣һ˴ѯʵɳջô
ĸˣһҪٯүȥˡɳ򶨵˵
ûƯŮˣֵȳʣٺ١Ц
ϵһŮˣĻڲУΪٯүѡģҪٯүֵ֮ǲܡɳ
ǺðɣֵҲżȱŮˣȥɣٯүżˡ˵
ɳӦһȻ㿪˳ӣׯ԰ʻȥ
һׯ԰֮Һͻб㽫ͷ׸ժͷ϶һЩСֽţŪһСȥ֮󣬾ͨǸС忴һЩ龰
ׯ԰֮ǲŷ֣䱸ɭϣҲвǹ߶кܶɮԺĴߣĽĶ࣬ɳų֮󣬲ͣһܴķǰ档


1497 ΪŮ˶
֮ͣ󣬱ͷף廨ǣɳԼǼͬӳǰߡ
͸ͷǸССķ϶ҳǰ濴ȥⶰӵſڣȫװļһվڡ
ǰûɳյҵĶߣС˵λ硭ٯⶰ֮ɼǵҪǰѽͷ⿪
İɣֻҪһٯҾͻǽͷǱˣУһ÷뿪ҿο
ɳСӦһ䣬㽫ĳǶȥ
ſڵǹļһﲢû˿ȻɳǾ˹
ǽһȻһ¥ݣ˶·һſڣɳȥţ˵ٯүɳ
ﴫ˽Ų˴ţȻɳһץסҵĸ첲㳯˽ȥǳҽȥʵһ
ĸͷ׵ˣ㱻ɳȫƽ
һ֮Ҳŷܴ󣬶һвˡ
סֽţһͷ׵Ǳųһţվӵм䡣
ʱҲſķмһ޴Ƥɳϣ˿һˣǸ˾˼룬ζεǸˣҵĳ졣
ʱ쵱ңӻĵе̩һ˺ˮʥĴȣطʵۣŽҵ
Űӣ洩һɫĶ̿㣬бɳϣߣһûд·Ůˣӵұ
⻹ʲôʱ˩õӣǹ˩Ĳǹ毺õŮˣЩŮ˱ʮľһ޿ĸоǹڵϣýѾӲȥ첻ʱķ˵Ц
һʱ죬ҵŭһ˲ͱȼˣ޲ͳȥֱӽСʬΡ
ɾҽϵϢͷųһЩʱԵĻһ£ʾҲҪڻɱʱ
Ϊеѣǿнŭѹȥ
ȷȷʵɱʱ֮ľЩԶҪһɱٷ֮ٵİգҪȵ쿿ǲС
֮⣬Ƥɳĺ棬վˣǺɮĴ磬⼸ͨװͨųӦҲܹĳǼ˶Ƿ֮
һһɱ죬ҺͻҪƾͺˡ
ʱô־ҪߵĻᣬս֮С
Ĳ
ֱҵǰһЩ̫ʵһ̩ۣǲŴϢͶڹ
ȻףǾͽ³ׯ԰֮Уһôͼ졣
ôоЩ̫ʵأ
ǣ˿ľҵǰҼЩ΢΢вްֵĿ־塣
һҵĿⶼûдŲֱ쿪˵ɳҵǸŮҵûУ
ٯүǸŮҵˣѾ˹ɳܹӵĵͷ
ȻΪ³ĵӣʱׯ԰֮ھϵĵλ
һЦ˵ɳĺܺãӦúúýǡ
лٯүһٽٯүЩ顣ɳֵ
ǸŮ˵ͷ׿ҪԸ
ɳӦһܿߵҵһ࣬ǸŮ˵ĺɫͷ׸ժ
ʱǸŮͱŵĻʧɫսս۾ˡ
ˣҲŮ˵֮ˡ
ŮˣҺһǰϴӵ³ȳŮˡ
˻ǱĿԣֱٳֵ飬뿪Ҳ֪ǵж
ںˣڳ˿
͸ͷ׵ǸСҿƿߵŮˣĴɳվǵһĨЦֵܺáһΣ͸˻Ƶģţ죬䵽ҵУôʰСǡ
˵ţ˹һƤɳ˸ңνǴ粽롣
꣬жô裬ҲѾ뵽ˣһ̩ѰŻŪ̡
СɻôɫʱҾ;ӦûΪŮ˶Ǳ˵ˣλΪһŮˣҲ


1498 Ѫ岽
˶㣬Ǻɫ
ɫͷһѵ⻰һҲ٣һΪ쵽̩ܹ֮룬ʱյΣСӲûаֵһӵı䱾
ڻĵĵϣû棬̩СӾͱ޼ɵףⱲӶûм𾪵ĳ棬Щڵľ޲Ĵ̼ҵ񾭣ô֪꣬׻˶Ůӡ
³ɺޣڽ죬һ˽˰ɣ죬ڣ
˿̵аš
գۼ䣬֣ǵĳǸ°Ů˹ȥŮŵĿ޿䣬һǾ
ŮѣҲǸĵӣһŮѵľʱͻȻ˵ҪǲҪˡ
˵ţı춯֣һ˱˹ȥĶϺݺһȭıһƺߣֱԵڵأʹŤ
ĸ硭ǱҪǸŮ˼£ధ
ʱ˹ȥһסǸŮ°ͣٺЦ˶ˣøһڡ˵ţ㽫ͳŮ˹ȥ
Ů£û׵ʱŭɶŮϺݺݳһƣСңҪǰɣڰ·ȫҹԹԵѹˣҪȻɱˣ
һΣ˵ġ
˵ǸղŴĵ˱һŲļϣ˳óһѿĵĲϡ
ǿһĵĲϣһǳǳĿӣѪ˳ŵлǸŮˣԥһ£˳ĻȥʼԼ¡
쿴ŮԼ϶ʱ¶ʮֱ̬Цݡ
ǰ컹ˣûлֵزޱаĵطȫܵ˽ȾڵѾ˹ͷӼᶨҪɱľġ
˿̣˵Ŀȫ۽·ϣΪиʱ
ҴʱҽĲľ룬Ƕֵʱ
һ»Уʾ϶֡
һ̣ұٵͷϵͷ׶ûü㳯˹ȥͬʱеĽҲ˳ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣգۼ߶ٰ˲ߡ
ҵһֻץסĲӣŷӦ˹ֳԸӵľɫ
Ҹоһ̣϶³˭ˡ
ʶ䣬鶯һ£еĽҲ˳ȥһ¾С֮ϡ
ԾȻֱ壬ĺ̽˳
ڷſڵ㡭⡭
¶ˡѻ˵꣬ұҪиеһն㽫նΪ룬ǴʱȴץסҵĽꡣ
֮ʱ챬ǿеĽ޷Ųֺ
һС֮еʱ򣬻ѾղŸֽˡ
ڶԷûзҲǱѡ
ͻȻó˽ħƣҲһ˵ĿϣϽһǸ˹ȥ
ֶιݣ˫ͬʱУħеǸ˿϶ǲܻˡ
Ͻ𲧴еˣǱϽֱԴ顱һ죬Ҷ߲ͣĻ죬֪ԽӻѪֱһ
ƥһŭѪ岽
ҪҪɱ˵ʱûһ˻Ậ
һжڵʯ֮䣬κ˶ûԤϵģ׽ĺŮˡ
ղŻվɳļ֣ľһֱԽɳ˹
Ҵе죬ʹĴһ˫ץŽ꣬͵һˣѪӿ
һҪģǸղʶ䣬΢΢һ£ҵĽ΢ƫһЩ׼ͷֻĳӣûȥ
òʱľεĻ϶Ҳ
ĳ֮ҽžǰһҪһֱӽԴնȻڴʱɳǼѾԷų˰Ҵ˹
ʵʵڵİǷų˸ֶ
Щӵٰ˲˵βκвֻһΣɵĶ˹ȥ
һ̣Ҵ߶콣ʽһл㾦Ӧ˶һɫĹ¶ֱؿڴ˹ȥ


1499 ǳֶ
ȻһеСǲû˼Ҫ˳תҪӣվɳĸһϣʩֶΣҴ˹
һٰ˲һ㾦ٴδ˹ȥʱ죬ȫҵĳָŷˣѪֹĶӣһŽƤɳߵķסǽ֮ɫá顱һ죬ɳɫֱһ쵲һһ·ѪŴƴĳ˹ȥ
ҽŲһҪǰʱѾҵߣԽеķ˳סҵȥ·Ҫȡܵʱ䡣
˼棬Ƿۺ졣
ȫѾɱۣЩ˵ǰ棬Ҷ˵ֱ룬ɱݺᣬһһһѰ師ֻصһ㵴ɳȥ
ڴʱеϽͻȻб˹ֱһһ˹ȥŻҲҵǰСţǽңϽȥɱ죡
δ䣬顱һ죬쾹Ȼײ˲ֱӴӶ¥Ĵȥ
ʱѾҵס֣һٰ˲˴ǰͿˤ˵ϣȻŶӳׯ԰ȥһܣһߴ˰˴ˣϽҡ
⣬ҪŪУһı޴ˡ
һͷһۻУһ˶ԸǴ´࣬ҪѾϵŭĿո˳
ˣһǱȽϷĵģȻһԾ£Ӷ¥ȥżٰ˲㳯׷ȥ
룬һкǽ˸к˹վⶰſڵ϶żһһһңֱӶǹҪҴڴʱѾͭǮǬ˱и˳̴߶ıͭǮ󣬽һʱ˳ǧϰٵͭǮȥոտǹֻ£㱻ͭǮֱӵѪ֮С
һˣŵĲУѪֹĶӼӣӶʳѪһأĶԽϵѪԽ࣬ҸоǼΪҵģĿҪҸŷˡ
һ֣ұ㽫ͭǮٴк¸ûƬ̵ͣЪ׷ȥ
ҲСþۿҾҪ׷ʱ򣬴ӶͻȻһȺˣжʮлвǹģ˵ֱӾͳҿ˻
оȻշ䣬ȫϣֱӵҵǰЩӵȫ֮ϣ죬಻
ǶϣҽŲû˿ͣ٣ӭķȥ
ͬʱһǬ˱нʦָ˳ǰ˹ȥ
Щ˵Ŀȫҵϣûע⵽ʦ֣ʦһأϱȼһȻһſڣ³һԪǼǹļһϯ˹ȥԪ֮ʮֲֿģһЩ˵ϣЩ˲ͱȼˣ˼޴ĻȻ׷׵ڵϣиеǹҲڻˮ
³һԪ֮󣬶ʦֵٴγȺ֮УֱײŵЩ˷׷ĴܣΨֱ֮
ǳʱ̾Ҫ÷ǳֶΣҸκε֣һҾΪֲֶΡ
ӭԼˣʱ㱻˸סӣпʼһֳרŶԸ˶ʦ֡
ٴοңŵĴɱɱ
һкٴʮ˳˹
Ϊ˾ȱܹ죿
ЦҾרɱģҪҵС
Щҳɱˣٴʩչ콣а˯ʽһбʩչ֮˷Ķʱը죬ʯЩ˹ʮ˶ʱըķ죬ʬѪ׷ء
ЩˣȫҸˣЩֱӾſ˵ϣŵһҶҲ˵ϣʯ˴ӡ
һסˣǼٰ˲ߣʱ˸ոҪ֣㱻һնôԴһӶһ£ҲҪֱӱһ˲ϣáǲһ죬˵ĲֱӱҸȶˣ߶ûкһֱӾɥ
˵̫ˣոǺˮʥѧһ£ҲòˣֱӱһŲס˼򡭡


1500 
סҲʲôɫ¾ͱҸˡ
һ̣ҾеĽ꣬䣬ҪԴο֮顣
ʱȻعͷǾֵĿңﻹѪĭӣûģ𡭡ɱҡкܶǮܶŮˡȫ㡭
찡죬㲻뵽ԼнɣʹɽǧҲǳаٸнеĽصȥҪȡĹͷ
ۿеĽĲϵʱͻȻ䣬һƿ쳯߼һôеĽ֮ϣ˫һǽЩֶ½Ҳһ
һǶķȥһ˸ϺͻȻһ࣬Ҳͣһ׾ţüëбϳһ˫۾⣬ŭĿӣϵɷ֮ʮŨأǸ൱ĸ֡
ʲôˣǸϺͻȻʵ
ҴѾ˱Ŀ׼죬оԼƺץסһݣתͷǸϺУ޵һĵʦʦҰҪɱҡ
ϺûĻٴ˸ղŵ⣬ֻּ˼֣ʲôˣ
ҳ
ٯϴλȥûɱˣ
ҡһص
Ѱֻ뻢Ѩ㵨ӿǲС֪𣿡Ϻĵ
֪Ҳ֪Ķ֪̩ŷɥĺˮʥ̵³Ҳ˭ֻΪɱ죬ɱߣ˵ţұ㽫еĽٴĲϣֻϵĽŸǽ춨޷ֺ
³ϵ΢΢£ɭȻһЦˣôĿ̩û˸ҶԺˮʥ飬֪𣿡
ҳҪҾͲˣһǺǵ³һ䡣
仰õ³˲ͺеŭԼƽϢƬ֮󣬱ֵˣٯҴӦ뿪͵û
ðͷһеĽһնǺôͷ­ͱֱӿһͷ­ŵ³˹ȥ
үģƭأ
Ҫķ죬ֻĸңΪǿѪ˵
ǵ³Ҳû뵽ôôףѾӦҪȴһնͷ­
ǿѪԴֱӷ˵³³һѽסҿı飬˲ͱޱ
һһ޹״һֵ̯ˣѾˡ
³һһѶԴأԴЦЦŭģȫսĵߡ
鶼ѾˣҲûʲôηģװһˣҲѪѾˣѾҵĽ¡
һ̣ǵ³ûٸκȻ䣬ܵĞų㷭ܵĿһҸоһ֮ͷѹֿҪϢĸоȥǵ³ʱѾգۼĹҵǰƽƽƳһƣһƹҸоǧӰǰƣҷҲ֪ʲôֶΣƵĸо
һ̣Ҳ֪һֱ˫֣ҲǰĳһƣһƲƵֶΣһʦոմҲõĴƣƷȫںһӭŵ³һƾʹ˹ȥ
˫ƺܿоһȥͬǽӺݺײһӭʻĻһ
оôˬ
ǵϴһѵ죬ׯ԰ˮ汻ҵ˫ֱӲȳһӣһֱ뵽˽ףȻҵӲŵ˳ȥڵء
ؿڽžһƣǹ˵һãǼҵƾܹҵʵһǻŴƵƷ³һȻȴҲҪҵû̫صˣֻǾ΢ܵһЩײʼЩ
Ҹոմӵ𣬻ûüϢһڣǵ³ܿٴεҵߣȻٴλһƣҵȻڴʱáˡһ죬һԶֱŵ³ĺ
³üͷһȻǸоΣһӣӣһ±ϽϣϽһ֮£ʱȻʧɫײԺһ̳ǻ̳ҵʯɣķѡ


1501 ͷ
ʱ첽һͳŵ³ն˹ȥҪ͵ϮȻ³ûôɱģֻһָ֣׾ٵľͼס˽꣬ʹһ־Ȼ޷ֺе³ļһһʮѲļһ
ڴʱϵʱ߻ŭĿգֳһѽ䵶ڵĳŵ³ɱ
ŭĿ߶ʱͻȻƾʧˣһ̣˵³ߣԼٶȣһͳŵ³ԴϿ¡
ȥʲôʽŭĿһ֮͵˵³ߣѵǻִǽʲô𷨾費ɣ
ңϸȥŭĿյʱ򣬷֮ӵ࣬·һ㵭Ľ֮⣬ûʲô
ŭĿվһʶֻŻеΪڽİ֮£˸ߵһΣŭĿҲŷ仯
еΪͻͽڲ֪зģһʩչͻһ־֮С
ҾѾȫϻſˣܹʩԮ֡
ŭĿյһƴǵ³Ȳ֮£һ֣֪ʲôطԼķⷨЩŹ֣ɳеĲͷӦýħᣬһ¾ͼסŭĿյĽ䵶һֺֻâ㳯Žշץ˹ȥĺâ϶רסŭĿʶģи֮һϣǽշֱܵȾˡ
ڣʱҲվڵ³ߣȻõ³˻еŭĿգһ֣Ȼչ˳ŭĿ֣ٵĸǵ³˼С
һ֣Һܿ췢֣³ĸҲһȼĸ֣һ˶ԸҺŭĿȫ࣬ڣеĽħҲǳʱһһ顣
һʮУҸоԼЩмܲסˣŭĿյѾǵ³һƣһ¡
бѾܽˣֻҸ³ƴ򣬵³ׯ԰ĸֲϳ߾£кܶǹˣЩ˲⿪ǹΪ³սٶȼ죬ͣı任ΣʱǹеĻһ˭
бǱΧ£Ⱥ˸סȥ·ǽշ˹򱻼ʮָΧסʱս֮С
ʦȻҲսȦ֮УҲֻǣסһֵׯ԰ĸʵ̫ˡ
³ׯ԰֮в֣ϴȥǼɮܹ񻨺бôָΧˣһЩǱߵ״
¶Ѿѱ޷ȥԮС
ȥӣҺϻ϶Ҫ
вţѾˣ챻ɱˣǽ³Ҳ˳ΪǱ߻ûжѵҲʲôʣ
¶ʱͻȻһǰһΣͻȻ˼⼸ﳤģǡûˣ̫ң
⼸ӦǽͷеĹüΪ̵ķƳĶΪײУŮ٣ǶļΪˣԹޱȡ
ҵģеҷֲŮֱӾѪһƬҵһͿ
һųҾ;󣬻ĺëֱ
žͳ˹ʶ䣬Ųһ٣ֱ˳ȥȻշǰһƣ㻯򣬳ͷײ˹ȥ
Ȼ䣬ͷͻȻʧˣȻҵı͹ιһ硣
ҸûüȥǰҲһͻȻֱ֣ӳײ˹
ǹǰ޷˺ֻӲͷƤһǰǸͷն˹ȥ
ǰǽͷͻȻٴƾʧˣҵļͻȻһͷһһ˫ѪֱӴҵļϡ
ҿ磡
ĹôĵĹһأѧ·βסǡ
ҪȥǬ˱ǷʬʰǵʱȴѾˡ
Ȼ䣬Ҹоһֱײҵ棬Ȼһֻ˲䣬Ҿ;ȫ׹ߣȻԼ걻겻ͣ˺ţһʹ
ҵӺܿͲܶˣΪͷҵ֮УͼҪҵꡣ
ӱߵǣǵ³Ҳͷס˻еŭĿգŽħߵҵߡ
ңһһٵ˵ɱΨһͽܣҲô򵥾ˣҪιȻɹ


1502 С
ҴͷϢʱͷѹң˵ұ³׽סĻ϶ҪһһȻι⻰Ӧˡ
³ȷιϰߡ
˺ҵ꣬Ψмоȫ⣬ȡƳ⡣
Ȼǵ³ǵȲˣҲǺ͸ңֱеĽħᣬҵһն
ҿħͷҪʲô
ѵҪҵȲɣ
һĻаģȴʱ޷ֺֻǵ³Ľħն
үģ˰ɣñӽ³ׯ԰Ҿûųȥ
ұ۾˵ֿҵ˺
Ȼұ۾֮ǰľʹûҵϡ
ֻһɲǣ˵³һ
̩ʮֳԾ˵⡭ʲô
ܿ죬Ҿ۾Ȼ󿴵ҾϲһĻöûмСȣʱͻȻҵǰһ˫ССֱ֣оסǵ³Ľħᣬɷڣɭɭǵ³һ˫˼˫ֱĿŴʱȣ۵š
ǹеļƷǶľ֣һҲļƷ
ǵ³Ծԭ
Ƕĸ֣֪һƷǶô
СȣǴҵǬ˱ġ
㲻۸СŸ磬ǻˣҴ㡭㡭
۵˵ţͻȻڳһֻ۵С֣һһѪɷ㳯ǵ³ײ˹ȥ
ǵ³֮࣬æջ˽ħᣬСССĹ˶ȥ
Դӱ֮йѾȥ˴ʱ䣬һֱ취ȹͨһֱûлӦ̩֮һֱƣڸ٣Ҳûʱ̽ϵȣû룬֮ʱСȾȻԼˣһ
һ½ǵ³֮תͷңȻһ֣һץ
ʱ䣬һǿңڵͻȻʹҵ嵱а˳㻯ź۳Σҵһࡣ
Ҹû뵽ǣ֮һսսֱӾ͹վǰСȡ
˺һŴӵغȡˡ
СŸ硭һҪ˯ϼģǸоҪ۸㣬ҾǰඡСȳ΢΢һЦ¶ССľѡ
ѾͷһֱģߺüˣһֱӣʵѾǰ˾ĴŮˡ
Ҹ֮Ĺϵ⣬֮ǰϹָ꣬һʱ䣬õȣԣһҸڤڤ֮лһЩ΢ϵͷܹӦҵ仯ԣҪͷȲŻȡ
Ҳˣ֮ȱѹǰҲûʲôġ
㿪һɷĵ³վڲԶֱĿȣ̰֮оӶ˳ܿ죬ĿҵϣЩʵĵˣƵģõʲô
ҴӵվСվһʱõʮ㡣
Сһڣҵʵִ࣬СڵƣһҲѷɫڵҪɱҵǸүүԸǸʱ򣬿ɶˡ
³۾ˣСŮǹҵŮһҲСΪûƣֻɱ¾ҳ
³ͻȻ˴Ĵָ˵ͷ˵⻪ĵ˹ݶģȻԼŮɹҲԣ̫ˡ
ȥүģ˵˰ʲôûȥûðлˣǾֻи
ȣӣָŵ³
ȵ˵ͷ˵СŸ磬㿴ôʰ
˵ţһ֣Թڵϵǡȥ
ǵ³ųģȫ۷ȵС£ڹﵱУҲһ򣬾ǴС㡣
³ĹȻײУǸӵй֮壬ù˰ȣǲ˲֪жٸΡ
ЩǰֻгΪȷַӿԽɣֱӻɢ
ȵһ֮£ܿվͬʱһĹХֱӳŵ³˹ȥ


1503 ݺݵĴ
ҹƵ³һӶ뵽ԼĹһԸԼҲǹߵġ
ȵһ֮£𣬷ĹХֱӱŵ³˹ȥŻеҲͬʱתìͷһ𽫵³Χˡ
ҿ³ֳ˶ݵľţЩʱҲͼͼٴζȡЩĿȨ
Щĵȼ̫ͣȵǰܵ˼ΪǿѹƣΣǵ³ʹǡ
ЩͺñһȺȮǴʱ˿̵һͷǿͻһХɽҰ۷ǾٴĵӣҲҸһɭ֮⣬ǰֻйԹԳķݶ
ǣЩóǺģҪȻҲڸղܹҵ֮УҪɵҵĻǡ
³޷ƿסЩֻý˳⼸ƴɱ
ȳҵǰдϲòҲĺˡ
ɵʱһƬģ취ӳȥ˵
ҪʱվߵͻȻһСŸ硭Сİ
һ֪ʲôͱСȸһƵķ˳ȥڰ֮еʱҾһǹ졣
ղҸ³սһΧܵЩ˲ҿǹ˵³³Ǽţׯ԰еˣ޼ɵɱҡ
ҷʱ򣬳һʱŷ֣ׯ԰֮УѾ˴֣ӿ
кܶǹˣҲڳ߲ͣĵ䣬æ͵طٰ˲ֶνжͬʱշ䣬ϵҵǰ档
СŸ硭Ƕ۸ĻˣǺòãСվԭأһߵ˵
վĵطҲӵХһ壬ӵ˵˲ֺ
ãݺݵĴ򣡡ҳ
ӦһأС˼Ȼ˫С֮£һпŶǰˮ
һ˷ʱһС磬һĻûΣʱ䣬ڵ³ׯ԰֮ڣһ¶ϰٸߴ͵Ĺ֮ӻֳֳìݣ˻֮һ·彫ȥӭŵ³ׯ԰еЩɱȥ
ɱҲ޵ˣһֵܵǧ
³ׯ԰еЩ֣ļ㳡һȫŵɵۣⶼǴðЩ
ȻȲûͣվԭأһ˫Сֲͣķ趯ΧĞųׯ԰֮У˷Ʈԩս֮С
ɻЩԩȴٻģϸһ룬ʱüĿ³ׯ԰֮УһЩɱԽĹ֪ж޹֮ˣׯ԰֮бɱȻٱ׷ױЩңȫԩ˿ܵȵٻһ̣ȫƮ˳гıԹıԹ
Щԩ֮󣬺üֱ꣬סһˣһŵĺǵڣЩ˱סˣ޲׷ײҽУѪڵϲͣķ
ǣûаݣ˼ʱ򣬵ϵ׷ѿһ߾߰ɫĹǼܴ֮˳Ҳŵ³ׯ԰еЩȥ
һ֣εΪ׳ۣĿɿڴ
һ׶³ׯ԰ʱ˼ҽ
ʱȾȻǿˣֻһʱɢС̶̼ʱ⣬Ȼɳ˵زеĴ
ڵ³ׯ԰һƬˮеʱ򣬻иõ鷢ˡ
ԶԶģҾҽе֣ϸһɵ
СšСţأ
̧ͷһɸչһҲŴϵ
һ£Щ˶Ǵðģ
Щ˴ڣưܲϻˣЩȫۣһ·彫³£һϣ˵ڵأһٺᣬһ˽³˵ֱ֮ſھҧȫһ
ܿ죬ǾͷҺȣ첽˹
ǿһۣȻֿһȣϲ̫ˡڼֵǹԮˣСѾͷôҲˡ
㻹˼˵ҪȳҶ³ж˿ˣôôòЩԹ˵
ˣ³ׯ԰̫ˣǳֱ֮Ӿ·ˡչЩܻ˵


1504 û
·ˣ
ҲȻᷢ飬ܴҲ̫רҵˡ
ǡȥˣʵ
˵ƣǹ֮ǼųֱӴײģһһ˵ĹǱߴ߳壬һ·׷Щ˵һ޴ĵ֮УѺźöˣƶǴ°ģűٵĿˣ⻹кܶߣǺˮʥ̵ͷʱǼһͽǵεȫ˳ÿԳû١һ
˿̣ҷ׷׵һƬǺɱ
չĹһۣæϻһģأ
ҲǴȦˣȵĳҲҵķ磬ʱҸ³ƴʱ򣬻к񱻺ˮʥ̵ļʮָΧˣϸһ£ܿ쿴˻еӰڸ³ļƴѹΪŪǰֶΣǹģﻨеֵ˺ܶ๥ȫʱûκġ
ʱҲǰʵأôûӰ
ˣһԴ³˳ǵ³һɱңǸʮĸ֣Һȼʱ֣õ³ߵļ꣬ԼĹסˡҺǽ˵
СŸ磬ô죿ѾˣھأٸһߣչЩԾԾԵ˵
û룬ƻᶸȻתôΪǾһء
ȳ֮һжһˣڵǶ³Ǳȫơ
ҿһ۱Ǽסĵ³ǼѾ³ʣµļҲ֧Ųסˡ
˼һӣұ˵ˮʥ̩ˣ³ģ޶һݣֱӽ³ɱˣҲΪҲǸ̩˳ˮˣλأ
Сţ¶ҿãһ³ɱˣˮʥ̱Ȼȫ֮Ĵ׷ɱҵȣʱǹƻ뱻ΧľأǼþգϽɡɵ
ҾףѾˮʥ̸ˣ㲻ɱ˵³³Ҳһᶯˮʥ̵Ըǣǵ׷ɱ׼񣬲ɱʱ򻹻һУһ̩ҲףôҲ˵ǲǣһ
Ҿһ˵ĶԣֵģϽɶµģġչߣӵ
ãǾ͸³ȻǸϽ뿪˾ϡ
ֻҲӦ
һ̣չȥŻǼһϣȫŵ³ɱ˹ȥ
ǵ³Ҳɱ˲㱻ֵܼΧˡ
СҲûţһŵ³ɱ˹ȥ
룬ǵ³ȴ׺ĺܣֵܼһͬ󣬸㷨ϣһ³ʮУǵ³ûб¡
Ȼ䣬ǵ³һ˦ӣͻȻдƬĶ˳Щ滨̣һǾ綾ޱȣȥǼ˷׷ױˣЩеĻǷɳ棬Ƿʱǲò
Щڻı֮Ϊƣ̩򱻳֮ΪƽǺݱ䣬ĸӿֲ
λǴӹկ߳ˣ֪ƶ֮Ŀֲֻ֮Ҫһǰʱɥգֻ÷׷˱ܣâȻʩչֶΣЩĹƽ
ȻҲֻһС֣һֶ˵ڵϵʬϣЩʬ֮УûǣЩƽЩʬ֮Щʬ徹Ȼζ˼£ͻȻֻ˹ֶΣҵĿʬ֮֮ͬ
ֻǵĿֶβͬùƳЩʬģéɽ壬֮Щʬڼٶ֮зʬ䡣
ʱ䣬Χмʮʬ屻Щƽƣһеĳ˹
û뵽³һ֣ǹѲġ
ǼʱȫЩùƽƵʬסһʱѲ
ǵ³򣬽ʣµǼȫ𣬴һ˹
ĻˣȻҵׯϸһҪɱǣ
˵գǵ³ٴλƣӰҺȻ¡
˼˲ʹ˵ķӡǼǿͷ˳һΣҲû˱ܣóɨǧĽУҵǰݺһ
һĽŵ³˹ȥųӿ֮䣬ȴоײһǽϣǿҷ˻ǵڵ³֮¸ȥ
³գ֮㵽ҵߡ


1505 ³
ţ³һƣҵʱһĳͻȻ̽˹ֱӼס˵³ֻ֣Ȼû뵽ǣҷһǹǽն˵³ϣǵ³ֲûԤϵǰ㣬һǹǽնǷһ֮Ȼ졣
үģֲֻģȴһ㡣
ֲֲ
³ɱҲɣ־ץסһǹǽȻһֳһ˹ȥʱͻȻϵһ˦һɺɷƮȻͬһ㣬˲㽫³һָֻסˡ
³󾪣æ˻һŹֵķǵɺɷ㱻Ƴ⡣
ڴʱзӡǼϵҵ澭
ʱңͻ룬ͷųǿͬʱ߶콣ʽƾһΣ
ҵ콣û̫ĽչΪ콣ÿͻһΣѶȶᷭϺü
ʵϾʱҶ콣ҲСͻƣȴǲһʲô
ֱڣҲףľʱصΣУֻھ֮£ܹҼǱܣ콣ǿһչʾ
һ̣ȸһڸǵ³ʱұ߶콣ʼʩչƾʽҪߵȼ콣ܲһɱˮʥ̵
ҽȫͬһʱ̣ȫע뵽еĽ֮У˫ס߶ƾĽķھҴ߶ʱеĽͻȻâ貣ҫĿʼϸСĵǽ֮Ϲž죬ķĶȻ뵶ΧŽת
ܵĞųܹõͬһʱ̶
Ҹе𺳵ǣͷ֮ϣȻҲ⽣Ĵ߶֮£ĺϣ֮Ȼ䣬һը죬ͷϺһ˺ڵĲ񷡣
ܹоʱĽ̺֮ƺҪѶ
Ľ꣬ѾЩƲסˣȵý궼ѡ
ȡһ㿪Ҵһ
һͷһۣ貵ĽһȸӦҺ֮ǰѾ
һ̣һһæ˿ȥǵ³ȻҲɵɵվŰ
ҵĿ⣬¶һ˿壬æҲһܵķ׷˹ȥ
п϶룬˿̵Ҳһһ鶼ˡ
ֻǵ³ǧ㣬ȴһˣǱɡ
ڿҷųУ³ֻʱɱĵóϵͭܿ켤˳ŵ³˹ȥ
һĽ˲˵³ϣ³һ粽񱼵Ķ㱻ԭء
һΣȥɼʱ׽סһˮˮҲɷӡ֮ͭУʱɵǱͭ棬ӡɶ
ɶ߶֮£ʹͭ͵Ľâܽǵ³ס
Ȼɵֻͭܲȡ͵ϮֶΣǵ³ĸ֣ҪĶ޵һУɹļʺСҲ˵³ƾŵ³һΪͭҲס롣
ס˵ĵ³ɫ˲һƬ
ʱеĽص£֮䣬𣬵ǽ֮³һɫĹţһ·ϯȥһɫĳŵϵʬѵʯ飬ϻһ޴ĳӣֱŵ³ײ˹ȥ
ɫâɫĶݺݵĳŵ³ײȥʱ򣬵³ͻȻܶˣ˫һ͵ǰһƣɫײһ
Ȼײɫ˲߽⣬ʯɢһأǵ³ҲǿѪ˳ȥʮ֮󣬲źݺݵ˵ϡ
һ¹ȥ³Ҳˣ֮˫ֳӻдڵѪ˲ΡΡָ֣ң㡭
Ȼֻ˵һ֣ȴһһѳĳ˵³ߣһͳŵ³Ͽȥ
һʮֵ꣬ͣ˱޿ɱܡ
ϵ⽣ǱӽĹԪն
ǵ³ʶȥ˿֮µȴ޷סչǿһն˵³ֱֽۣԴ
ˮʥ̵ǶħһĴڣʹ䡣
󣬰չǰһץǵ³Դǵź𹦣³ͶǶһ³


1506 л
չһ𣬵׺һɤӺȥڳ˶ӦĻ
³Ǻˮʥ̵ׯ԰ˣҲׯ԰ֵӣǵĹǣ³һҲͱնɱ
ŵЩ³£Ҳȫ˰չŵǵ³ѪܵͷǵϴˣǻдȥıҪ
Ϊǿĸ֣նɱڽ£ʣµλһܹǿĹ³Żĸֵģ
ǿ϶ûС
ɵ³ֽׯ԰ŵ³Ĳ׵ıˡ
Щׯ԰еĸ֣˵ˣӵӡ
ȥҲͼӵĹ򣬻ŵЩ˾ӵûӰ١
Ҳ˷ЩԼУصĹͷҲ׷ɢ䣬ȴһЩԩƯ˵ǰٳٲɢȥ
Щڴ˴Ҳ֪ʲô˼
ʱͻȻ̧ͷЩѯҵСŸ硭Щ̫ˣȫǱ˸ģ뽫ȫ˿ɲԣ
Ѿͷ˵ƣŴ˿̿ɰСȣԴ˵ȡ㲻ҵģԼʲôȥСŸ統ȻҪ֧ġ
ллСŸ硭ҺܿģһͰǳˡȳ΢΢һЦȻƮЩԩߡ
ЩԩһȣȫеֱӾͶء
ǶСѾͷǣסׯ԰еĴֵ֣ܼһԸ³׺ļһҪСȵĳ֣ʤĺԤϣӮˣǿ϶Ҳǲʤֵܼ֮䣬ȻҲˡ
ȥЩĹﳬȣڸղʩչһʮָ콣нѾƿصķΧ֮ڣԴ˿ԵЩ
չ˶ˣ㽫ǵ³ԴһԣŻг˹
Ҳ߾£˹
Сţû¶ɣɹе
Ұ˰֣˵û¶ֻЩϢһСʱܻعһ𣿡
˵⻰ʱҳɨһִۣ󶼰ãֻлѪ߰ߣֵϻû¶ɣ
ԴЦŵҲû¶мƤˣ㲻أһ£ܻˡ
λ˵ز˾ǱҪϽѾ˸ˮʥ̵ֱˣǿɱˣ³ֻǺˮʥ̵㲻úˮʥΪĸ֣һɱǹһܲˡɫ
ɵĻͷһ⻰϶٣³ׯ԰﷢飬֪ͨ˺ˮʥĸ֣дֳأ֮ǻҪ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ҵ˵ͷæʦٻ˹ȥ
ϣһתĹǰͻȻӭʮˣڣѪ߰ߣһǣһһ֪Щġ
Щﶼûţеӣе˻̧ʲô첽
ʶĽ˳һȴһҵļС˵ţЩǴӵ³ׯ԰ȳˡ
ˣҲŷ˾裬ʮ˹֮󣬱㽫еĶһͷģ꿴иʮ£Ũü뷢߰ף˫ֺʮһأޱȹ˵λˣҽͣлȣܷ֪ڷǰΪ
߽в㣬Ҳ̩ˣͲҪô鷳˰ɣǾǵģֻΪ˱ȥɣһкˮʥ̵˹Ԯڴ˶һǰһ˵
ллһǳĸмǣǣǹȫҪǵ֮УΪЩǴӵ³ס֮Ĳﻹб͵ʱǶλл⣬¡
˵ţһ֣Щ˱㽫ȫˣǵǰ
Щ貣иֱʯĻǮ̩ԪüӣһʱҲ嵽ж١
˱ʯǮ֮⣬һЩϡŹֵĶҲֲɶ
һǽЩڳЦЩ˻˼Ǹ³ƴɱˣȴȥ³٣Ǳ׼ĳû١
ǮԼ߰ɣҪЩûãǸϽ뿪Īٵ顣ǰһ
ȴס˻УЦ˵𰡣Щ֮ƲҪײҪֲǴߡ˵ţұǰЩСĶȫˣǬ˱֮С


1507 ƻ
˵Щߣ̫Ǯƣý֮߽ǮĵطҲ٣ǿɲЩС˵еĴһ㣬ʱǮһ˦־ǼԺʳסУ벻ǮƣĲ˵ǸڴϢʲôõĶҪǮǮҲûл
ߣЩǵ³Ĳ֮ƣ֪öģЩǮǲãҲ˷ˣȥ֮ϣСѧƶɽҲ֧Ԯҽˡ
ʰǮƺͽ鱦ЩǮһĿɿڴ
ǾϵǸǬ˱ңƴһĶװôӣֱ̫һЩ
ʵ˵ǣǬ˱Ŀռ仹ܴװôҲȫá
ʰˣǱҲѾЩԩȫȣһ֮δ֪ƮȥȥǸȥĵطĵƣҲΪԼԺкͳɳҲ𵽺ܴá
ڿ
ۡ
µվõӦ죬³նԴ촦ʬҰҲӦõ³
ȸ㶨֮кһ㻯һɺɷƮ˹ֱǬ˱֮С
˲øЩ³Ѻ˺ѣֻȰǸϽ뿪ɱ֮
ڵ³ׯ԰֮ҵһ֮˽ȥֱʻưܵׯ԰һ·۶ȥ
·ϣһ߿һ߸飬һôߡ
飬ɱ죬˳㻹³ˣѾ޷Ԥϵķչˡ
һʼǼƻֻɱ죬Ǻˮʥ̡
ǣЩǼƻ仯죬˭Ҳû쾹Ȼǵ³ͽܣǵ³Ǻˮʥ̵Ĵ
ɱ˵³ȫͲһˡ
սˮʥ̩ȨǲʺҪݣˮʥ̵ҪܷŹǣǲ̫߳ˡ
ͨ;ǿ޷뿪ҪȡһЩ˵ֶβС
˳һһŸ˵̩½ߺ½϶У̫Զˣһ·Ǵ̩Խֱ飬ıǸĵʡ磬ֻҪа취ӳֱ̩飬˺ˮʥΧңҲ˵ΪˮʥѾ͸ǣǵˣҪ˵ȫģǻģһʡĹߣǲϰȫʱСŸϵص飬ǲˮʥ̼ţȣҲҿԽ߰벽ģƣвر߽ǹһ
һĲǰľֻһ·ߣҲֱܹﻪһ·ûУܹ뵽·Ҳһܹ뵽ڵϢ˷һ绰ȥֱǰ沼ú޵͵ǹȥأҾӦ˼ά룬ֻǻܹɷ
һ˵һ·ǲˣһһʱѵľء
ǵ³ֻǺˮʥ̵滹жԼͷ
ߵǣЩʱ򣬶ûйȫֻɱ¶ˣûǺˮʥ̵顣
Ǵ˿ѾˣҪԣҲҪ뷽跨˴صԼĹȣֻ㣬ȷǵȫ
룬Ǻˮʥ̵Ķһ϶Ҫ³ֲˣɱ˵³Է϶׼Ƕú޵޴ӡ
ųֻǾԶ³Ǹׯ԰ĿĵĿţһ߸ôӳȥˡ
һĬһɽֵʵҪعкü·ߣҸ˵һ£˷ǽôߡ
˵˵ɣһһ취ҵ
ɵ˵ͷȻһ·һղ˵ĿԽ飬ʡڶ·ǿԽαҲֱʡ·;Ҫ·һЩ·ǿԽζԽ϶ֱϺ·ҪԽȣ·;ңԶΪѣˮʥ̵˻뵽ǻͨ·ǲ·ϲ̫֣ӦûὫ󲿷־ΪһԽϣϺããĿΪԣҲĽͨߵĻֻܱԽϣҵˣһҲ⵽ˮʥ̵ĽɱǣͻȻ뵽һ㣬СŸһЩ飬ʱСſԹֻͨԣӦǡ


1508 ˶
ϳɾͷͷǵķڷ
һԷ϶סѵȥ·һͨͨʡĵ·ͨαʡ׳ߵĵ·
ܹ뵽ߣˮʥ̱ȻҲ뵽ЩԣǱҪ˼ά飬Զѵһ·ȿԽϣȻӺ·һ·ϣǵطǻĵأǵطлŷɥרŹѺߵĵطǵطǸƣһǹٷΪصĳ֡
Ƿȫսҵһ£ûȨĻֻ鷳үүˡ˼ҿǻĿӣӦⷽȨޡ
ղҲ˵һңϵıˮ飬ܹǺԸӦҵĴڣʱˮʥ̵ںסǵĻҲϵֻԹæ
һеǰ֮£ܹȫִϺ
ҪԽκԽң֮ѣֱ
ʱһƺʲôͻȻһһ취֪вС
˵չ
ڱҲһǿãǱĺĺİԭȵ˵ΪҪڵ³֮ϣʮ򣬰Ҳк֣ܶǧƸסˣƴӣҿѰĺİһֹǣλֵܣǾΣһ
ɵ˵ͷ˵취ҲǲãǿѹͷߣڶǵƬطǺˮʥһ죬ĺĸֽйҲѱȫؼǿԼҪˮʥ̵ӲƴǽĺȫйҲûаʤ㡣
Ӷ࣬˵ǵ׸զ죬ҲУҲУܾܲͲ˰ɣЩԹ˵
еĻһ㣬ͻȻٺһЦ˵λɻǵãǵôѱ׷ɱģ
˲֪⣬׷׿ɣչæߴٵƨˣǾͱˣֱ˵á
΢Ц˵뿪ʱ򣬹Ҳ˸ؿڣ½սԲУݷã齥ƽϢ֮ǲ취뿪ģûѹ׷顣ģԴӽ쿪ʼ֮ڣǺˮʥ׷ɱΪĽ׶Σʱ䣬ণҾӦѡݷܱܷͷȷͷ֮취뿪Ǿأ
ǵȷӦݱܷâǵȥأ
һʮϾ⡣
ͻȻ䣬ҵһ뷨ʦȥɱʬʱǸɽʮΣǶ㵽ǿ϶Ҳǵ١
Ǵ˴мٹôԶҲ߲ܿͱҸˡ
˼ںδʱͻȻ䣬չСĸ˵λǺ˸ˣһֱһǣⶼһ·ˣӦǵ³£ҪҪǣ
ֻô취ˣһֱûע⵽£ͨӾһֺۣһţмԶ
æһ䣬ӳƫƧĵطʻȥȻһεĵطӲȻк³
ȻӵĹ⾰͸ҵͣڣ֮ͣ󣬺ܿӳ˼ˣмɮģˣĳɨš
Ƭ̣ҿֻʼ绰ƺڽˡ
Щ˿϶Ǵӵ³ׯ԰ӳģһ·׷ǣ͵ŵɴֹΧǣ˼Ƭ̣С˵ߣǹȥɱǣȻİ취
Ҳģǻû뿪Ǽ˶ʱɢĵĳΧ£˹ȥ
Ǳߵ˻Ǻܾģܿ췢ǵ٣˵ֱ˳ҪҴ뿪˴
ЩȻҸǹУֻ͵͵ҵģʶǣ뵽ľҪߡ
ܷ뿪
һٰ˲㵲ǳӵǰ棬ǳӷļ٣ͳ˹
һ̣ұ߶˻㾦һɫĹâ籡ֱӴϣá䡱һ죬ͱ޴Ʒڵء
˾͸ʻϵ˵ҵˣĿ˳ţҪߣȴ˸׷Χסˡ
ӳܹɮһͨװص̩ˣ̩һװɵ㶵˵㡭˭Ҫʲô


1509 ۷
װˣ֪Ǹǵĺˮʥ̵ˣⶼһ·ˣʵдһʹġ˵
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻǸ·ûиǡɽƱ
Сţǆˣǿ϶ʱ䣬ϽǸˣ뿪ѵ
Ҳ֪鲻ܵ飬⼸һ·ڱǵ٣Ѿ˳׷ˣ£һк˱㳯Щɱ˹ȥ
˼Ʊʶƣʱ¶׺ݵݣɮʱ˱֮һźȻ׶ߵĺһĹͳ˹
⼸һﻹͦ۹⣬ǳȥķɺͰչصǸλá
֮УʵչǶԲһЩעۣ㲼ƴΪҲ㲻ʲôʮĸ֣һ۾Ƴ߳˹ȥ
ǰչֻǿеǱȴǰۿɮĴһĹﳯǱɱȥʱ򣬰չֳһ˿׺֮ɫһ֣㽫ԼеĻ𾫳˳â֮䣬һųɫĻ¶һֱסɮȥ·һæȥ
ڴʱһѾǹǽ˳ס˶Էȥ·
ɵǸͨװĺˮʥ̵ˣɵʱ򣬴һҩֱۣӳ˹ȥ
һеϽ𲧾ӭȥס˵ȥ·Ҵʱһٰ˲˵ߣһһӽȥʱһѼ⵶ײһ𣬲ٴγУӭͷϣħֱӳ˵Ŀ˹ȥ
ΧԸһˮʥ̵̽ӣǼֱ̫ˡ
Ȼһ֮ڣһƾСӵؿڣеĽħƴӱ˹ֱӽһԴ
ǱһͰչɺɵĺɮƴĻȣɮԲǶ˵Ķ֣ǰչԪնʩչ˳ɻѪ߰ߡ
һǹǽʱеâɳЩһĹϣʱһֽӭͷϣҲɮˡ
ƴɵĹﱻɱ֮̾ͻָ˺ɮԭģ
ֶΣչ϶̹Ѫ̵˶ԸչʱЩѪ̵˱ԻͷˣʵҲʮǿ
ֻһ˺ɣһ˹ͷˣŲһʵͬ
νͬڣǹĻǹڵģӲ֮
ΪԽߵˣܹ֮ǿеĽ֮ͨзӡ֮꣬߶ģǿ˵ҲֻҸүǱΪܸôĶ
ɱɮ֮һ⽫ǵʬ巭һۣǲӺһŹֵһħͷģʮҲָͷĴСǴ˵еħѮ
Ҳ˼ӣ㶨֮ɵ˵Сţ׻˵ĺãΣյĵطȫڣ޴ȥһȦˣҺпܺˮʥ̵Ѿǰǣͻصǵ³ׯ԰ĸ֮ǰǸطǾأ
Ѿûжѡ񣬵±㰴˵ǰ㣬ӶԭأֱӰԭ·͵͵۷˹ȥ
۷ȥʱǻǼµĺۼĨƽˣȻһǰӴܵļ޷Ǿ·ϵЩѪ˺һЩ鲼ڻĲݴУԴԻˮʥ̵ˡ
ǳʱ䲢һȦ·ǲŷ˵³ׯ԰￪һƬ¥֮С
͸Ĵŵ³ׯ԰ʱ򣬷ǱģЩԭߵˣܶѾ۷˻Щ̰³ׯ԰ĲˣҲǱһͷųļһñЩ˸סˣһɱ
»صطһﶼЩ¡
ǸոջصһСʱңʮӳŵ³ׯ԰˹һֵƵͺգֱͣ˵³ׯ԰֮ڡ
ʮһȺˣȫǶĸ֣ȻЩԶҲܹͨųӦ
ͺϵǸˣΪֲ˴ǵطʮԶңңȥҲǸʲôģ
ҹӦǺˮʥһʮҪ
ǼҲûҶ࿴ֻǴҴɨһۣջĿ⣬Щĸ֣ʮ־ģһˣǿɾˡ


1510 Ｊ
ڣǿɾڵ˵Ƥӵ£˵Σյĵطȫĵطǿ϶ΪӵԽԶԽã뵽۷˻Ƥӵ߶
³ׯ԰еⷬƺˮʥµĲ֣ط˱½ӹܡ
гׯ԰Ҳ˿ٵ뿪˷ȥ
ȴûһܵĵطƣ˵ĺܶԣطˡ
Ƕǳ֮ƣڵ³ׯ԰ˮʥ̵ٴνӹܣй¶ټȻڲ飬ʲôʱɨһ飬ʱǷˣĺܲҡ
뵽һ绰ţܲṩһЩõĲ֮
ϸһ룬־òףڷͷһǲ鷳ĺã¶һֳ϶ҲŵĲᣬǱ˲鵽ͷϣǱǴͷˡ
һһˣǱڵĴܼҽӣ̩϶ôһ£ܸṩһЩİ취
뵽ұóֻӴһ绰ȥʱѾҹ绰˺üӲԵɵɵĽ绰ʵүôˣ绰¶𣿡
Ͻ𣬸˵飬𼤶ҵ
һ˵ʱһ˯˴룬үһ˵Ҿ;ÿ϶ûɶ¶ǲʲôˣ
ǵӲһĴɶˮʥ̵³Ǹ缸ˣҵ
ӽŵһԹүҵүߵʱǧǧҪǺˮʥ̣ǵãֱӽˮʥ̵Ĵиˣ¿鷳ˣˮʥ̿϶ȫ֮׷ɱǣǶƶܽǸ
ϽڲǳЩʱ򣬷ѾɱˣǶҪæʱɵð취ǣҲû룬ҪɱǸ죬˵³£ֻܽʦͽһɱˣׯ԰һ׳죬ءЩ˵
ⶼʲôʲôʱ¶ʵ
ոգСʱ֮ǰһص
ģֵ
˸εĵطŵ³ׯ԰ԶҾ߻ûʲôԴǶһȹ˷ͷ취뿪ҲҽԼľλø߽ӣҲΪԷһֱ⡣
˵һһүֵزĺܲʰˣ֪ܲ˶鷳ˮʥڶǿνһ죬صǣȻ̩ͶǵļЩԶԶ޷ߵʵȣ޷ˮʥ̿⣬һЩʧǵҪȫû
ˣˣҾͲͷܼңԼ취Щõ˵Ҫҵ绰
һ㣬æֵү𡭡Ҿôһ˵֮ʲô飬Ҳ˭ǿ϶ҲҪǣԵƬ̣֪ͨҲܱܷͷһ鵽ͷϣһС˳Ǳûʲôܹλүĵطܰҿ϶𣿡
ӦһǾͽˡ
˵֮ұҵ˵绰˷׷׿ңʲô
ұ㽫˵Ļ˵һ顣
Щǵ˵Сţýӿ𣿡
ҾûУǽܵģẦǣ֮ҲЩڻáҵ
Ҵ绰򣬲ԶĹʻȥ˺ܶ೵ۿ춼Ҫˡ
˴ԼӵĹ⾰Ǳ߾͸һһ绰Һܿͽ
һҸղŸ⹵ͨˣ˵ȷмõ㣬ŵ³ׯ԰һطڴԼϷʮ￪⣬һＪطǵطһˣڵ£صص̩ˣǼҺܺңſڰһˮ̯ڴӵͷǵ϶ưǣѾкˡ
磬ζлˣһȥ֮󣬿϶㡣ɫ
ˣллȱ˵ܻŻͺãҲ취ܲܽǸȫͻɱ˵³˶ŻˣҲ¶棬һСȫС£ҵǻɫ


1511 ˮ̯
ӦһٴζԽӱл⣬Ҫҵ绰ʱһ飬ʵˣ磬ˮʥ̵Ķһʲô֣ǵֶô֮ǰǹʱҲûʲô˽⣬ڲЩץϹ
Ƶүˣ֪ˮʥ̵㶼ǣ¶Ҳɵĳǵͷէ³˵̩ʼӵܣʵбߣէ³ǱֵܵĹϵΪҾͲø˵ˣ֮ţȺţȣ֮ǰǸɽˣǵΪӦòһλأֻรүеκһһϣǾһ֣ǸϽ취ȥɣܴ̩ܲŻһжҪǵ컯ˣžүࡣ
һסһսҵţˮʥ̵ͷﾹȻֵزһλģڳļֵһ飬ٳԶƶ˵Ķ֣Ҫ뿪ֻүЩӲˡ
˵绰֮ұһ£ҪҪȥӸṩǸ֮
дڵ³ׯ԰Ĵ¥Ҳǳ֮ƣϻԱûʲô
⼸˵УֻЩ󲻶˻ǱȽȥṩǸطġ
Ƭ̣ʱ춼Ѿˣ֮ӲΣ԰ʱǲֻѡĴ¥֮УĵȺڡ
֮󣬵³Ǹׯ԰֮еĻƵﲻּܶУʱϿͺյʮԽҰڻ뿪˵³ׯ԰
룬ͺյĳŵĿ϶Ǻˮʥ̵Ҫпէ³ߣʻɵԶģǲⶰ¥ʱҿĶ
֪õԵʣڳǸʵ̫ǿε֮
ڣ³ׯ԰ûע⵽ǲ¥ôҲ뵽Ĵ׷ɱǣǵƤ»
Ǭ˱ʱ̶ʳҲȱٻϴʱҽʳﵭˮ֮Ķóһպųһ֪Уͺ
һ죬ַӶĵЩ˹ӡ
һֱȵ˺ҹһйƽţ˴ǵ³ׯ԰ʱ˸ʰһ͵͵ĴӴ¥֮Ǳ˳ʱһȸ˳ǹ۲ΧĶһʲôҲܹǰʲôʾ
ڣܹҸоİģҲСȵĳˣؼʱ̣ɿá
ʱ˴඼Ƥ߸ժֻһ˰չƤߡ
Ϊ˵УֻҵĿΪԣҲӦεġ
սӸ˵Ǹַһ·Сͻ˼ĵطǰ뿪˵³ׯ԰ʮ￪ĵطһĴ߶ܹӦЩ˵ĴڣڿЩϵʱȱǷʾǼʱܹƿ
ΪֹĴڣԼϢȻڻ£ΪʮǿߣһҲܹӦȵĴڡ
ֻЩѰ̽·Ѱĺˮʥ̵ˣΪƽƽʵûʲôв
ʮ·̣ͣͣһֱʱ򣬲ŵ˽Ӹ˵Ǹ󼪴ĵطȻһ·˴ͷϣڴӵͷ˺һҵһˮ̯ˮ̯ԵЩͻأⶼҹˣһСͷſڻڷżʱˣ˭ˮҸоһţΪ׼ġ
طǲǽӸ˵ǸطҲ̫ȷ
£ұ˸ҵطΣԼƵ˹ȥš
ΪҹҪõŲŻӦֻ£һʮĺӴţһĿңʵ˭
ʵ
ǡɫһЩֳһۣԵò̫ȷ
˵֣ڡ
˵˵ͷֵôһأ
һ֣ڸļȫ˳
Ǹæȥţߴٵ졭
£ȱ˽ȥչǽҵҲ̽ţʮĺӦþǽ˵ǽ֮Сľ˳濴һۣŽ


1512 Χ
ţǸĺӺܿ۷˻ȻǳźԺȥһһ߸˵ҾͽӵϢ˵йҪǽ϶ᵽһֱڵǣǽǸˡ
ˣлӦҹ˵
һ·˵ţͽǴһ䷿ǷӲ󣬶ѷһЩһӣ첽˹ȥһЩȫѵһԣȻſǽһǻҳĹĴ˼£Ǵʲôأǹӱ¡¡Ĵ򿪣һݵһСš
ƺթ˽ȥȻкǸŽȥ
Ǽ˻࿴һۣ˹ȥ
߽ȥһ滹һߵ¥ݣԼһʮƽҵĿռ䣬þߣ⻹´ʰʮֹ
Ǵ֮Ÿ˵ԲסλطЩªλʹպϼɣԭҲֻڵһñѵĵطԴ֮ʮ궼ûùֱó
ȻҲͲںôˣܹи֮Ѿܺˣæѣл⡣
ʱԵʮֿ˵λˣǰǼ£Ѿ˵ˣϣɱ˺ˮʥ̵ĵ³ʮǰҵӱǱ³˸ȥܾ裬ĺܲң˶һֱûиȥ飬ȻҲûǸ£λҵȻӭǡ
ҲˮʥΧ˶ٳˣһССĴﶼǵĳҡ
ˮʥ̵̫ܵԩˣֻǸŭԣ춯ܺˮʥ̸ΪصĴ
Ǻһ֮ߵҵĶ棬һأһС˳ٴθ˵СõģһʲôǿԴСӳȥλɣȷ֮Ǳ߻ϵ취һ·ܲܽλͳȥ
طȻСǿǵʮȫȻҲʮεģܹѾ֮Ѿʮֲˡ
ָ˼䣬ȥˡ
Ǽŷ׷ҵط£һĶ
һ˵ѾĺϵˣԴĺļֹӦǣǣǲᵽֻ̩ǴӦԽϺĳһطǣһᰲĴֻֻҪܹӵԽϺߵĸͻа취ǳ
һǱֽһ鷳벻õĵ˺ߣѰҴֻ뿪ˡ
ĺΪҲǼߵģҲǺ֮£Ž£һ鷳ҲܳӦһ
Ͷ⼸죬˶ƣѣ̬Ҳ˲٣Ҳ͸˼⡣
ʱ򣬰չͻȻҸоһĿ̫ˣһʼ³ׯ԰ʱ򣬱ˣԷѰǵʱ򣬿϶ҲעһС壬ǲҪֳֿ飬Ӳͬ·ǰԽϵǸߣǸطټϣһͬӳ
չҲֻܲһǵʵһʲô鷳˴Ҳ޷Ӧ
Ƿֿ֮󣬻ὫΣԽͺܶ࣬ĿҲôˣ֮еֻҪȻбס
һ˾ϣ˵չòȹ˼죬ôʱǷͷ뿪ʱһͰչҺͻһ飬ֱŲͬķλ롣
ȷ
˷ֱһطϢָ
Ҳ˸طʼٵĻָ壬ϸԵ³һУ콣ĵʽЩģһ·ȷǸúúϢһˡ
еʱ˳㽫ȸ˳ǹ۲ơ
ȱǲܰģԴ֮󣬵дֻҪڲ䣬ûʲôˣʱ糿ͰⲻرǿҵʱȱҲ
ȵվڷڣ˱İ
һ۾е״̬һʱҲоʱţҲ֪ǵʲôʱҵӱ˸һ£۾ʱ򣬷վҵǰЩ˵СŸ硭˺öˣΧˡ
һ˵ȫȻ
ҿʲô߸ţѵͱˮʥ̵˸ˣ


1513 Ҫɱ
Сȵȫһ
˭Ҳ֪ˮʥ̵˵ͨʲôҵطġ
賿ʱŵڲǰʱ֣ôٶȾˣ
һĴȣ޺޵˵Ҿ֪ڲףÿǰ飬Ȼ©ǿ϶Ǳڵ˸ˣ
ҵ͵ͻͻ˼£һԵĴʹ
˵һ·֮ʮֵСˣһ·Ƿڣǲܳκ©ġ
飬ֻڵĽӺ֪
ڶԷôҪ˵ûһϸ˵˭Ҳš
ǣ˭֪صأ
ҵܻǱһ˿ģҾڸûкҵɣ֪ģرֻҪһţڱȻͣˡ
аٷ֮ŪǼİա
ȻѾˣǱҪԣкһȣȥǵ濴˶ˣ˳ٸƣĸط
Ӧһܿ컯һɺɷʧ
ߵһ룬ǲڸǡ
ϸһ룬ֲôһ¶
ҪݺǵĻǸոһʱ򣬾ӦΧúΪʱǣΪƣٵʱ̣׵֣ǻǲطһЩ壬ΪʲôҪһŶ֣
ѵΪȷҪһʧŪǣһЩֹ
˿ҵӺңתͷȥʱ򣬷ͽ˳ȫһֵģ±ˮʥ̵˸ΧˣǱȻ·һ
һӲٴ۷˵СŸ磬öˣԼʮڵأû˿أԳȥֻֻ屻Щ׽סˣڴ
˿ڳǣڵˣǲܶԼְɣе
ֻһʱԶСӣΪڻһСආɷʵ
Ӧ֪кŵģȸղ˵ЩڷңԲ֪һңǵ׳ȥչֵ
˵ģǺûзĵططѾȫˣȻţֻٻһڡ
£˰ҴӺ˳ȥҪǸʲô
õʮΣҴӺʱ򣬷ֲֺһƬȴֲҶܹڵΡ
һڣұ˲Զһõķ͸Ժ￴ȥ
ʱֳе˸˵ϣܴԺﵽң϶Ѱǵټ
ҿʱѾһףѪ档
һ˱ʵ˵Щ˾ʲôطٲ˵Ǿɱ㣡
˵ʲôװҸûмʲôˣǾʲôİĲҲ̶ãԲ˵ǵ䡣
ʱһ˿ܲˣڵϡ
۾ȥʱһ飬˵⻰˺񲢲̩ˣ߱ѣ͸ߴôһأ
˵Ļ̩
ˮʥа
ϸһ£ڵ³Ǹׯ԰ûмˡ
ʱѾЩˣǸ˻һӣȫ˴
ڴʱĸ˸˵ϣҪʲôʱǸļһͻȻ䣬ֱӽһָֻ
һҽУ֮ʹĻ
ҵĽҲһ̫һԲϱ㿳ֿţֱ޷졣
ô˵Ƕ֮Щ׼ļһҲûнǸ¶˵˼˵ǵԻ
УôˣҲĿǵǰ
£ұĵĸкһСȡȥ˶˵Ҫɱˡ
Ⱥգۼʧ
սȭͷϢĽٻ˳
˿һֻ֣ٴαʵ˵˵˵ҾͽȺȫӲʲôʱ򣡡
ҡ治֪ûм㡭˵Щˡ㲻Ҫɱҡĵ
ǲ˵ˣǺãȥɣǸٴξһֱֻۿȥ


1514 ˰
Ҳ˲ʲô¶¶ˣҵǰҹһӶðȣǸ˾ٴγȥʱѾ˽꣬Ȼֱʩչ˻㾦ʽ˵Ͼʹ˹ȥ
һ΢֮֮һɫĹѸһֱΪֱܹӽǾӸɱˣ룬ʮ־֮䣬˹ȥٶ죬ɫղվĵطֱӴ첲ȵˡ
ɫĹӺ˹ȥɥ
㿪Ǹ˵Ŀʱ߿˹غǼ˳ˣǱߣɱȥ
ԭԺĴҵǼʮˣʱȫӵǽԽֱӱ߶
ʱҲΣֱӴǷ˳ӭЩɱ˹ȥ
Ȼ㲻һҾ
ҴƷʱ򣬻Ҳǵ°˳
һ˶ֵʱǺеϽ𲧶ȻɳֱһոշԺǽ˵ԴԽӶ˳
չĻ𾫳һһŻ˲ϯˡ
Ȼ䣬һ֣Ⱥ˵УȻǹһֱӶǹͳɨ
ҵս˲ʹˣޱȻȡ
ҿЩǹˣкһȣȥȽЩŻˣЩصвȾ͵øɵЩصˡ
գۼĹұǸСԺӣһΧסң㷨ֻһҲŷЩ˵ֶθߵͲȣβ룬ûеôôЩ˲Ǻˮʥ̵أ
գۼĹ򣬱ٴεҵĽ֮£һ߸˵ĶƴһߴкһעˣһڲȫɱˣǸˣ
ڸԷƴʱ򣬸ղһûдŵǸ˳˹˿ýˣҲŷ֣һȷʵһˣ׼İˣЩ˵УǸͷģֶʮָҪǣٶȺܿ죬ҪȻղҲգ֮ҵĻ㾦ʽ
ķһϸĽ͸ЩõĽһģһһʼֱ׼ҵҪ˹ٶȿĻһգ۵Ĺ͵ҵߣұֲţЩٰ˲ֶΣһ˹ȥ
ˣǰ˵Ľǽҵ·һӡ
һûдУǰ˲ûٴӭϣվԭأ΢΢һЦ¶ڵĴЦе˵ɱ˵³Ǹˣ
˭ҳʵ
ҽаᣬװѣң϶޷뿪ˣһҪȸѪһǳζ
˵ʱϸǸİһۣ̫ˣ׵Щ۾Щķһ˿ѪɫһʮֹŹֵİˡ
һ䣬ͦǰϸĽٴγɱ˹ǰĿ죬ľһΣҲûжֱ˽꣬߶˻ֱӸӲӲĶƴ˼С
ײ˶죬ұ⼫ٶȱƵˣоЩмܣ˵ϣҸܵһʮа
аȴʮǿ
Ҹ˰ƴ⾰ԺƴɱЩǽڽڰˣҪʵ̫⣬ҪǣҲʼˣų˼ʮΧЩ˴򣬶ҲԳ֣һɺɷЩ˵ϣЩ˱걻ȻֱɷĥȥΪá
һǲ׶ºֵģǿĲ״֮ҲССȸŭˡ
ʱʱĻǹ𣬹ӣǹԽԽˣֹƬ̣򶷵ҲС˲١
Ҹƴɱʱ򣬱ȫעϾ˼飬ҸоԼⰲϣҲ۲쳡ĳ
Ƭ̣ͻȻչߵսţһйԪնʮֵĽǶն˳ȥ˰ͷһס˰չһУĽŲһЩ𾪵˵ˣĽܺãһϰɣ
չ˽ҵ˲ٵѹͷʱ򣬷ְЩѾ˴룬ʣΪļ˱㶪˰ֱӳȥֻǸոӵſڵʱ֮УײһεǽĶ֮䣬ֱ˻


1515 Ѫ
ԽԺǽҪܣһ֮£Ҳεķĸסȥ·ֱӷ˻أһͻæȥ䣬㽫Щ˷׷׿ڵء
ƴɱ⾰ɿ϶ܵ沼һ򵥵ķ󣬽˸ȦĿıǲһѣ¶ܵȫҲ࣬͸ȫһڲ뿪ٴα¶ǵ١
ʣµЩ֮󣬻кһܿҲ߱˹һҪȺŹǰ˰Ľࡣ
չļ룬ǰ˰ЩмܲסˣȫǸնɱˣûս˼ƾż֣Ǵ˼ǰһڲĶҪԴһЩһǺɫġ
ǴʱǶӲᣬæ׷׶ܣǶһڵϣ㷢һ죬ʮŨҵĳζ
һһۣæ˵ãжס
ƾ⼸Ժǽ֮˳ȥֻɵһǱΧѾɲú˷Ӹһȥ㱻˻
ЦǣһղŻΪԼܹܵĵһ߳ǽͷȥһﻹװȵ˵ǵ͹⼸ˣǱеҪǿܶ࣬ҵС
⻰û˵꣬㡰顱һǞǽײ˻ˤ˵ϡ
ʱ򣬰չ˹Ԫնƣһȥּֿʮֵһն˹ȥ
ҷְչ侮ʯĽûʧ֣Ӹոأӣչһɱ˹ȥ
չԪն³һɱˣⰲȻҲѲá
һΣչûն򰲶ԴֱӴնȥ
һȥֱӾ͸һնӶΪء
һҽУϰ˵ϣǰ˼¡
ţȣС׺ģŰ˵
Ȼ͵Ϊ䶨ʱ˶ôΪ鷢ˣ϶ΪصİͻȻһƬǺֻһȺȻ󡰺䡱һֱʣźܸߵĵطȥ
ҲôʲôֶΣûм
˶նˣˣǸʲô
һƬܿԾȻգŸߴȥЩֲƬ֮˷׷׳֣мϽ𲧣չû𾫳һŻ𣬶һóǹǽһŵâֱȺ˹ȥ
˽꣬ųһл㾦һɫĹҲֱȺ˹ȥ
ֶȺ֮֮һǻĵһأԾ˸߿գܿͲӰ
ĻˣһǵġҪɱǡԼУһŭͷϴ˹ʣµЩܿʧˡ
ֱӰʱǲŻعչȻҿõʲôֶΣҿ˶Ȼܻţ
һɫأ˵ӦѪʮѪԻΪӶݣʮΪղǲնûպ׵ĻѪ϶͹ˡ
ѪԴ⻹һ֣ûм
һҼ£Ǿٶȣ治һĿ졣
书Ψ첻ƣղƾż֣Ƶֻм֮ûлֵĻᣬղҪǰչǹԪնҲһܹʰЩѪ
뽫ЩҪɱǵȫڴˣǻһѪ
ط϶ǲٴˡ
һ˼ӣ˸ղűնֱ۵ղŴĵطһۣ˿̻ſڵϣѾ˹ȥ
æ˹ȥһԵʬϳһ鲼ٵĽֱ۸ϣֹѪҺ
ˣҲԻˣҿɫȲ԰ףѪɫ
ǸЩƴɱʱѪһֱʲôҲס
硭ѡỽ˼Ż۾΢΢һЩ˵ҡҿǲˡҵĺϱˣ˵࡭ǸϽ߰ɡǿ϶ɱǵġ
ҳĺһֹһǹۣѪ󱳶ȾһƬвⱯΪǲΪǵĵɱ֮
ûбеĻܹڡǲٻˡ


1516 һ
ģв̣һסѪ˿ڣһ߿ο磬ģǲһģ㲻¶ġ
졭ߡٲˡҡҿ϶Ļû˵꣬бһѪ͵һһͷֱûϢæȥѾֹͣ
˷׷ΧˣɫҲÿȻദʱ䲻ȫԶ϶ûгǣԷһ򣬻һֻ֣ûйǲδ
һְ࣬Ŀ˫ۡ
վ֮󣬱㿳һԵİչСף˰ɣʬ屩ʬҰ
չӦһ߶˻𾫳һ¶ϣƬ̣ͻһŻҽǿ˸̳ӹĹǻԺ֮С
̺ܿ죬ӶǱҴҵ뿪ԺӣֻԺصʬŨŨѪζ
뿪֮ǰ鿴һЩʬ壬ǣЩпܲǺˮʥ̵ˡ
˲֪⣬ɸ˵Щ˵ĲӺ沢ûкˮʥ̵ҲǸħѮֻܴǺˮʥ̵ˡ
֮ǰǶԺˮʥҲЩ˽⣬ħѮǺˮʥ̵ͼڣֻҪǺˮʥ̵ˣȫҪ
Щ׷ɱǵȴûУʲôأ
˵׷ɱǵĻһˡ
ʵڶֵʱҲЩЩ˵Ϊˮʥ̵Щȣȷʵ˺ܶ࣬β룬ǸѪΪΪͻ֮⣬ˮƽһ㣬󲿷ֶ֣ҲммߣǹЩˡ
ȫһȺƾ
̩֮ǺֻкˮʥһңǴðأ
ļӳ֮С·һ·񱼣Ҳ˵ʱֻҵһʱǰȫĵطϸ顣
ʱɫѾȫһֱҵߣǲòٴμǿҲһԹͨܵĹһЩ»Ұȡϵǲ鿴ΧĶ
ãҲǸǼǿ˾䡣
۵С·ͣ㣬һ·˽СʱһҲ֪ӡ
סǸѾԶˡ
һ·֮ϣҲ˲ٺˮʥ̵̽ӣǰоܹʱĶܿ
ϾŵӵʱѾ굽һȴֵһɽ괦ͣ
һ·ӣЩƣ׷˸ط
һһСŸ磬ҸоЩпˣ̩֮󣬸˽ĻҲֻˣôƾԸǡ
һĻһĻǺܡ
ǵǣô׷ɱأ
һϴȥʰ֪ǵʵģеʰǣҵ
ΪˣŻɱǣϸ룬µʲôͺºˮʥҵǣºˮʥ̵֪ṩ鱨һˮʥ̵˽Ǹ׽ˣʳʲô϶꣬ԣںˮʥ̵ҵ֮ǰһȺ˶ɱˣ֮ǡһ
ǡôҵǵģ𾪵
˭֪ڰž൱һСڣϢӦʮͨһ·СĽһֱ̽·ӦòκβǣҲʮƵ飬ղţӦһڵģһȫɱˣҪڣʣ֪ҵǵġһֵ
ҿδأСɫӦûȨ֪ôҪ飬ΪʲôɱǶֻ֪ǵõӶŵڻңҾãղǸѪӦ֪ǣǶﶼȫѪȻܹҵܹҵڲĵطǸѪˣǵһʧҲ
һЩˣˮʥ̵ǣҲǣֺºˮʥ̵ҵǣϸ룬ǲʲôǿõĵطпǵ
˼ǣǿǱߵӳ̩ЩС˵
ǰǿв취ͳȥĻֻҪǱ׽ס϶Ҳûɶùӳԣ˵ǲǣе


1517 
˵˵Ҳһ취ǱҲһɲݺӵܹܺõã˵ǻĪİ
뵽ұóֻǱ߲һ绰ȥûа취ϵ
绰ܿٴαͨʵүǲѾҵõϢ˵Ѿȥˡ
һ˵ҵĪĳ鴤һ£ǹȥˣյûãͱ˸˹˸ɱˡ
˵ʱһæ˵ү¶Բǳ㣬ҿԶ췢ģҾûй¶ǵκ١
֪⽻飬Ǳ߳⣬̩֮ǰڰŸһ˽˳Ǳ߳⣬Ǹ˽ϲʶˣҵ
أ߶һ䣬ܿ˵˵һˣǸŮ˲򵥣ǰŵ֯һǳҪϾǸģôǽ˳Թ
£ұ㽫뵽˵һ£ӱ˼˵үôһ˵ȷôܣȻЩֶΣǸˮʥһȣǾ̫ԶˣôŰɣϾ͸ϵһ£Ӻص绰϶֪ϵʽ
Ӧһл⣬Ȼ͹˵绰
ʱĽҰ룬Ҳ֪ʲôطĴΧ£һ磬ԮЩе
ڣмֵڣһˣҸоҪ˲ɡ
û뵽ˮʥ̾ȻֲֵزҪȹկˣһصȻţȣһֱյصĴѹĿŵ񣬵ˮʥȴһ˼ҿл屳ģԲŻ˵޼ɵ
ӣҵĵ绰ǽӴģ˵ϵʽѾͨˣһ㣬үҪСĽһŻʲôҪģʱ绰ϵ
л˽ӣȻִһϢӸ˵ҲĵΪ˶ܷͷѾŮͷ͵˽ӦǱ߾һˣǱˮʥ̵˲鵽κϵһС϶Ҫ֣֮òǰô㡣
֮ǰʱ򣬽ӾǲҪǺˮʥ̣ԸΥˣǸˣŪķণĵҲûа취顣
Բס˽磬ǷˡҳϿҵ˵
ˣЩͱ˵ˣʵսͦүģ֣ţȣߵﶼܽͱҾͲ˵ˣǸϽ취ǿӳɡ
˽ӵĵ绰ܿյһţһ֣ϵʽ
Ϊǲĵطܳʮ·Ÿһ绰ȥ
绰֪˲̫࣬һֱӸϵˣʮҪĽɫԣ绰ܿͱͨˡ
ͨ˵绰֮Ǳߺܿ촫Щιλ
һЦ˵ôû죬ôͲʶˣ
һҵĺĳЩ˵ǡ㣿ôҸҴ绰ˮʥ̵أ㻹ӻػȥأ
ģѵ㲻֪ߵ
㡭ʲô˼ô֪ġֵ̿
죬һˣǹ׷ɱҵģǲǺˮʥ̵ˣ϶˰ɣֵ
ܣôɱǣôֲ³ɱˣôҵĴæֱ
ɱң͵ˣ˭Ҳ֪ṩĵ³Ϣѵ𣿡Ƶ
ġ¶ûɣҿԶ췢ģ׷ɱˣ϶ɳȥģңµ䷢ĵ
ӣ治ɵģҲȷ±ֵˣһ˺ˮʥ̵У϶ҲӲѸϵҲЩ˵ǲɳɱǵģڱһ飬Ǿǽǰȫͳ̩ҪȻɲܹǷ顭
ʱͲˣ˵ôʱǴӦҵģ鲻κһ˵
һʱһʱϣܸһ£ҪǵĻһǱˮʥ̵ץסһؿƿЩֵǾͲ˵ˡв


1518 
̩ҲкǿʵȻˮʥ̲ܱȣϾǵͷߣǵ·϶Ƕ࣬ҪԼӳȥҪࡣ
ǲ׷ɱǵףҵҲȷҪֳôһ飬Ҳ벻Ҫ
Ȼ΢ЩҲҪԷʲôˣǲֶ֮ˣҲ
в϶ʮְգ˺һŵ㡭ô㣿
ܼ򵥣ͻػģǵһʹֻҪܻŻȥǱȻҲõĺˮʥȥǵ鷳Ǳˮʥ̵׽סˣǱ߿϶Ҳ̲ʲôô˫ӮֶΪأЦ˵
ƿ챻ұƷˣΣգˮʥ̼ȫǶ̩ٷҲ۴ʲôǶߣˮʥ̵˷ߵģҿ϶Ҳĺܲң̫ˣȻɱ˵³
ͷǲԸǣǺðɣһ˱ˮʥ̵׽סˣʱʲôҿɾͲˡٴв
˵ţұ׼ҵ绰æֵȵȡ
ô㻹ʲô˵𣿡ʵ
˺һֵɣ̩һЩԴģҿԴӦ뿪̩ǳ̩֮ҾΪˡ
ȥĸңֵ
顢Ρկԡһɡֵ
ǺðɣȥΣʲôʱ뿪
ΪʲôҪȥΣǴ鱱ͿֱﻪģǸһЩ
ͲùˣҾȥΣܲͣʲôʱ뿪ʵ
ǾҪˣҵŵ㣬ȻҴ绰һȥǣ㿴Σ
ܺãһ绰ģҿ˵ǰ棬òҪˣʲôУҪǸǣȫԱ֤ȵ³Ļңҵ飬ܿתﵽˮʥ̵
ġҲˣеġ
˵꣬ͽ绰ҵˣҴ绰ֱ֮ӱ㽫ֻػźá
ұ첽Уʱ·۷˻ȥ˻ö˶˵Ĳɽ괦
֮Һܿ㽫ˣһ˵ͳ̩вʮֻϲ
лЩǣ˵˲ȫΣһǸƼˣֱˮʥ̣ǿ϶һҪȫȷһʧ
Ҳһ㣬Ҳ̫ģСڣԹͨΧĹûСȻֱܹ
飬ǼҪһŵ㣬Ȼ֪ͨǽߣȫ̩һĹȣˮʥ̵ûôӴˣҲܹһЩ
֮ǰǲ˵ǲɱҵˣȫˣҲ׼ǲɵġ
ϢƬ̣һ΢һҪҹɫϽ뿪ƬӣǸҪʱͻȻٴƮҵߣЩĸ˵СŸ硭ˡҵǣ˸࣬ɿĳ߸ϹأƬӶΧˡ
ȵĻٴκȻȥҲ̫ˣǸոմǸӳŸոţôֱ˸Χˡ
Щ˾ͨʲôֶҵǵأ
һʮƵ顣
СŸ磬ô죿չʵ
ҳƬ̣ŭ֪Ⱥ˵ʲôͷܹ׾ٵҵǵټҪҲİ취ӵĺǣҲһѡ
ҿɣȣȻС˵СѾͷʲôˣǸʱЩͬһ𣿡
ϸһ£ֱ۾취Ĺ﹵ͨƬ֮۾Ȼ˵ͷ˵ͬһǸߵˣѾܽˡ
ʵСѾͷŶԷԼжˣ
Сһٶɡҧָ˵
ȻͬһˣҲȥǷûУЩ˺ˮʥȫһ·ˣҪȻǿ϶ҪˮʥϵһͬǣȻΧǣǾ͸һΧˣγ׵ĽǲԾ󻼡ɵϵ
ãͬ
ǽô죿е
£ﶼҵҲûãǾ͵ţٲһȡһҲߡɳ


1519 װ׹
ڶԷǻһξ룬ܹǰһЩ׼
ǿʼֹһǵλãȻٹ۲һµΣǴ򲻹Է·ĺ·
ٵʧ֮У㲼óһ󣬵һЩˣȫһܵ
Ҫɾ͸һδģѶԷʹˣˣǲ֪ǵжôײС
նݱҪҪȻ̩ȥЩ˾ŵζĲӬһһֱǲš
ҵҪ˵ʲô·
ȲǺˮʥ̵ˣֲˡ
ԴҲ벻̶̩⼸죬ǵķʥ
һΣȽأһȸڵϹ̴кλӦһҲѾ׼һȡȫ
ʱһһš
Сʱ֮ͻȻ˵СŸ硭ˡ
˻һȫվĳš
ҲҴҶһŵĺˮɫԵЩףһ˵Ѿоˣкܶڳ߿һ֡
ʵŪ𣿡
ˣֻһ򵥵СסǶʱ䣬ǻҪսپ
䣬֮ܵб㴫һĽŲһ͹СɽϣÿԻܣȫռơ
ʱһƬˣǻϪӷųĹƳһ㣬߷ӵǲСɽͷˮйͨ
ȻʼգǶصĺܺãһסǲλãʮƣȷǲأһȷʮ־׼
һߵĲݴԺ棬ҳɽ¿ȥܿͿһϤӰǰʱ򣬴ӹǸ˰ᣬ˿̵ûдŰʱӣ԰׵ֽһ¶˳
˵˳ɫ԰һЩ֮⣬ȥͦӢģеƬԽеҪգֻǴһĨаȵЦ˿ȥЩ
ǰΧ֮ҿɽ㣬ʲôУһ˽Ͳ˹ž͹˵ġ
ҪŪǡ
һ̣˲ⶼľ
Ƭ֮һϤ״Ⱥ֮˳һˣҶʱһ£Ҫֵһֲˡ
Ϊɶأ
ΪС̫ôˣǲЦʱֻܿƮ飬
˱Ǹ¾ưǸ׹˽ܿˡ
СôҲأ
ֵһ˵ǣСӱͺڣʱﻹǣڹڹӺܸߣǲվʱҲܹܿ˵
һǣڹȺ֮˳һ㳯ǲĵط˹
Ǹ׹˽ܿˣǲߵһҲ˳ҲЩԾʵһһȥǸ¾ưɡ
Ҽˣûڵôʵģ̫ˡҵ
˵⻰ʱһȻ𣬵ʱһȥʱ˽ܿйӴѵ϶ʲôֽţ
үģһǹģӦǱСӸˡ
ǲĵطһۣǽܿͻȻЦ˵ŶҵĻѣûǻ𣿡
һĬûд
ǽܿ˵Իĵѣ֪ɣǺú̸̸ֻҪǷֿǲ˺ǵġ
ȻˣȷûʲôصıҪһͷʹһɫ˶ɢŻͲأôɱ޴ĻһڵܽǸһѶˡ
£ҴӲݴԺվ˳ߵһȽ۵ĵطһƤ߸¶˱Ŀͬʱųȫ˹ȥڳÿһˣֻҪԷ΢Щ紵ݶұʹٰ˲ֶζȥ
һܿ˵ĿҵϣŰ˵ðѣӦþԻĵɣǲҪʶһأ
ܿˣװ׹ѣҺ֪ô˹Ǹʲôأҿǰ㵱Ѱ׹˶Դѵ𣿡΢Ц˵
ŶװѣҾǰ㵱ѣŻģںˮʥ̵˵㣬֪϶·һ߰ɣҴ㵽һȫĵطҴô˹Ϊ˱ǵġܿ¶һڴЦ


1520 ׷ɱ
ôѵɫһʱҲ˰ɣɱһǾȻеӹҵǺͺܺ棬ôһֱҵǵģ
ܿ˹һЦǴʮִۣЩ˵϶ܲˣҲ޷ϵĿڴǲһ͸ƬƬ涯ֽţƬһζζܹѵĺȮ׾ʶԣܵҶ׾ٵĽҳû뵽ɣ
ȥǷʤʱҲûн˽ܿ˷Сӵʱô飬ЩøУû뵽Сز¶˼˴
ҽƬӿڴ˳ŵ϶˳ȥ
꣬ǧ㣬û㵽ôһ¶һûбҷСƬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ĵӣ׷ɱ
ҽƬһԣܿ˶ʱٴδЦǼ˵ĵѣڲŽƬǲЩ̫أ
˻֣˵ҶƬûб˼࣬Сô͸ˣҲ࣬Ҷġ
ܿȴһ̯˫֣Цô˵ӲˡѶɣԹԵͶ߶鷳һǹҿɾûôˡ
ܿˣôżһЩûףϣܹҽͽֵ͡
ܿһ֣ЦðȻˣҾף㻹֪ʲô
ô֪Ҿģҵʵ
ܿ˹һЦһŵҾ֪Ҫ⣬ʵأһʼҲ֪ʵ˵˰ɣҹɫưɻ켣꣬ʲôˣһ۾ܿһҴûмɱֲܿصĺܺãҲҸ˳
оǣҹɫưĶߣ˴Ҷʶ˺ܾòһΣҲ죬ǸǵһȥҹɫưɣҪҵһȥҹɫưɵˣ潻ףҹɫư˴ϵཻףֻзǳҪ飬Ż˾ʱҾͳ˸ۣһƬԺܸ⣬֪ǻ˳ֶʮִ󷽵ģܶ˶Ըǻ⡭
˼˵ɵǮඣһ
Ҳô˵ɣǰףĺܴ󷽡ҵʱƬ뵥ĸ⣬˳һ£ֱ죬˵ˮʥ̵³ɱ֮󣬶һǻ˸ɵģҾͲ³п㣬㶯һЩСֶΣ˲Ӷȥǣû뵽һңصĺʵҲǿǵ³϶ɱģҵ˵أĵѣܿŴ
СǹģҲǷˡ
һЩɻʵܿˣ֪Ǻǿ󣬶Ҳ΢ôһ飬ΪʲôҪǵ鷳㲻ɱ𣿡
ܿͻȻٴηЦйо׻ΪΪʳûʲôԹҸǮҲûгҪ־͹ֵ̫Ǯˣˮʥ̲Ƕеȥǣһ˽ͨؽҪǵͷץأˮʥ̸̩׽˸ڣṩ׼ȷҲһ̩ĳͣһܽȫ׽ˣ߿ǵͷȥȻܹһȲƵ룬ҽܿ˼Ӷ꣬Ӧ֪ΪʲôҪɱ˰ɣ
һһһһʮһʮ
үģ˵ͷֵǮأ
е㲻ˡ
ˮʥ̳ȷʵ󷽣ҵͷֵ̩ҴԼһڡ
ܹȫ׽סܿ˿ɲͷ
ԣýǵٳˮʥ̣ԽǸ׽ס
͸©Ϣһڵ̩ǧҶѣȷʵЩ̫㡣
ԭλܿ˵Ǵĺ̡
һǻʮġ
ˮʥ̵˸ƣͷźͶһǾмܲסܿ˴˶һЩƾˮʥ̵ʵȣǲ̫ࡣ
ҸеʮֵңҿܿС̰ƣǱˮʥ̵˸ΧˣӲȥˡ
һֱվڽܿԱߵ˧ѪЩ಻סˣ˵ܿˣǶ˵ˣϽȫɱˣȥˮʥ̻ͽѾͲסˣһ㽫ǸСңңһҪѪҪˡ


1521 ǵ
˵ţѪЩͲסˣһ֣Ҫڴ˴ǹֶǿǹ
˵ǸСӣȻǰչʱչһйԪնѪն룬ԪҪǲΪߣСȻҪ
Ҫ˵ǵģǰѪˡ
һ֣ܶǹ㷢˻죬ĳ˹
ǽܿȴ˻֣ʾȲҪǹ
Ѿѷˣ㿴ܣȫǵˣֻҪһ£Ǿͻᱻһ⣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪĺãԹԵǵĻܸһȫʬͲҪûĵֿˣǶһЩ
ҲүȽܿ˵Ļ˵꣬һл㾦㳯Žܿ˴˹ȥ
Ͷô׵顣
СүԴӻ켣Ͳ֪Ͷôд
ʲôӲСүûмôϼ
·ţΨһ·ûκѡ
Ǿֵܼһķŭɡ
ȻܿǱҲû˿ҷųһл㾦ʱ򣬴ǽܿ˵󵱼ɮˡ
ɮٵĽһӡϲһһġeֽâ貣ֱӸҴӽ֮ϱɫײһ𣬷һҵĺ
һҫ۵ĹâڰһܿʧΡ
һ̣ұ߶ٰ˲һӵʱٵת崦λŽܿ˱Ϯȥ
һζεʱ򣬶ԷһǹʼˣĲڶ
ҸоܶӵǲҵͷƤɹȥġ
ǹҲ̫ܼһЩҸƬ̵ͣͬӰЩǹҲʮǹ֣ңȫڸɹܡ
ûôǹһͬΣоƿֲ
ǹһΧСɽͷ˿ʼɽʼȥΧȥˡ
ǺŲĵ
׾ܿĳͷͷǺ˽ܿ˺Ͱ˰ᣬͷɱˣЩҲûʲô̫Ĺˡ
ɽͷҲ̫ߣҲ߰ӵʱ䣬ұѾ嵽ɽ£ʱԭҵܼǹʱͣЪ
ýˣǹʧȥԭãΨеķǱΨһֶΡ
Ҹողվڽܿߵĺɮӭ汼˹һõķһģһģǸԲһĶоʮַұͬʱԲһķ˦˹ʱ򣬻һСʱŵĶ߽ƵģеĽһ㽫ҵķһԡ
룬Ƶģ굴ȥ֮󣬺ܿ۷˹һҵ̣һҵ̣ͬʱɮһӣҲ˹
ұɮסˣ˽ܿȴǺе˵ɱСӣСֵǮɱҲܵõһͽ𡭡
ɱңͿõͽ𣬴үģһصҲؽҵԴҲû˸ҹãҵԴôõ
Ҫɱң֪ǵö
ǰɮʵЩֶΣЩѲ£ֻٴεĴ߶ٰ˲˦Բ״ķͬʱеĽ߶ɨǧ㽫ɮ˳ȥڳ߶һЩзӡħеأٴδԲ״ķһ֮£н֮˳һԲ״ķҴ˳ȥһôȴϸľնϡ
ҳɽܿߵ潻սʱǸѪٵĸܿкһ˾ͽˣȥɱɽϵǼˡ
˵գ㳯ɽϿ˹ȥһʱҿһֱۿȥһأһΣ֮Աߵʱ˽ЩһЩŻᵼȱʧһ֡
ѪڣĵһνӴһ֡
ߵǹȻͣѹȴһûм٣ɮ֮⣬ܿ˼սš
˷Ĵ󲿷ɽķ˹ȥǹܼ
ʱһ貵ĽⶸȻɽĳһռ䣬Ұæ֮УͷһۣǽȻǻеϽ𲧣óǵӵġ
һʱ䣬ӵŻеϽк˹ȥ
Щ˵ٶȺܿ죬Ͼߣû˵ûö೤ʱͳ嵽˰ɽʱǲǵ


1522 ɱȮ
ǵҲûбģովѵСȡ
ɱҲξսĵơ
͵Щǹļһ嵽ɽϲµʱڰɽȿʼˡ
ҲûпζģֻǶȻ䣬ɽҰ֮䣬ХͻȻʢļĵȴ֮Уһ˲ͱޱȣ½ʮȣҶȻһë
ţɽƾնɽҰĹһʱ亰ɱ죬ֱӭЩܿ˴˾ͳɱȥ
Щɲ࣬ǧ겻ɢ꣬սɱͽͲηսʿ
ΨһĿģնɱǰĵˣǵǹȻʵȴһɱˡ
ոи
һ㣬ЩηЩеĻЩ壬Ҳֻܴ˲ǵķֺ
ԸǵΨһ취öƹķܶγһв
ڰɽЩɽͷˣ㱻ЩƾðĹסȥ·ܿ˷˲ҽӰɽϹ
֮⣬ٴηڵЩطͻȻƿЩüӴӵ˳˾ˣҲźǿɱ
౻ٻԩҲżսš
ȻôһռһƵġ
ǽܿ˿㳡ֳһĨţЩԾ˵ĵ̫ˡ˵ôɱ˵³һɱ˺ˮʥôˣǵ͹ǵ
һǽܿͻȻٴ˼ǣŵߴ͵ĺȮͻȻޱȱЩ֮зüӣвϴ˷ϹԩһƵ
ȮЩ˼񲢲򵥡
һȮ࿴޲ŵȶӶ£ſڵһҲҶ
Ȯȴ˿ûηģֽԵüΪꡣ
գǽܿһɿеӣֻȮźƵĳЩԩðüӡ
Ȯһȥ׷׽Щոȥðü˵˵ϣſھҧʵҲҧһ֮£ЩüӾɢ˼ܣķѡ
ЩΧ£ԩҲҽӽֻȮ
ڻģȮбаɱȻֻںȮȮͨ飬η壬ǹµ顣
ֻȮΪĺȮûһëڵ϶ġ
ȮһЩüӺԩвԼ󣬶ٶޱȣһգ۵Ĺ򣬱дƬüӵЩԩȮ̼ɢ
ͨĺȮûôӦǱܿСȻ֮ǰҲ׼϶Ѫ˵һС
ȻѪûʶչֳΪֲʵΪҲֻٻʮѾ˼ޡ
ǽܿ˸о־顣
Ȯһ·ɱͲֹϴ󲿷ֵüӷŵ֮󣬱㱻ɽЩӣɽϿ첽жȥֱźɫ硣
ȮֻǸˡ
ߣȻʮ˸ΧһǺɮ
ҸЩɮĻȵʱͻȻһ޴ĺһ
ţ͵һ硣
ھ֮࣬һ㿪ذΧȥʱ򣬵ϽӪǸȻˡ
ҿղŷʲô
ãȻ䣬ĹһۣܿĿ꣬ղŽϽŪķϸģȻŻͲļһûͲŻǱߴһ
һʱ䣬Щ£ܹסӵܹסͲ
ȻǲܣҪȻҲ
ϻǲɣ
ҵİġ
һ㱼䣬ɮٴγɱ˹
ĿһҶʱһޱߵŭһ֣㽫ʦִǬ˱˳ӭĺɮ˹ȥ
һɮŵæԱһһɮǲֱһ֣ȻʦָסˣûûѾĵ˫ֽʦָסˡ
Ǻɮһ£ʦҲȻ۾Ǻɮ
ʲôǺɮЩ£벻˻һֻġ
ǽ֪ʲôˣΪʦֺܿſͣ³һԪֱ˺ɮϡ


1523 ɽ
ߵĺɮʱʦֿԴˡ
ǿĻ˲ͽǺɮԴճһѻҽֱͦͦĵȥȻűסˡ
ЩҪһͻȻðʦһɱʱŵɫķһ֮æ
󣬶ʦִŵĺɮϱ˳һӣȻͱһðȻͳЩ˺ֱײȥ
ļʦޣֲģŻˣһʼû뵽ôԸʦֻ֣ȥˡ
Щƾûкˮʥ̵ǰ㲻ǿҵ֯ͼԡ
ʦŸոһŵЩûм֮
˿̣󲿷ȥɽϵɵˣܿ߾ʮԸҡ
ʮһ붼ʦ׷ܣʣµһȴԾɳ˹
ǿĽǮ֮£Զʦ޻һͷֵ̩Ļˣȴûһ˿־塣
߰˸ֳҷӵ˸㷨
ʱңվһԵĽܿ˿һۣԵһҲţŴЦеĿҡ
ڰԵ⣬ղлͲͻ˻ķϣΪǱǻͲˣʣµľֻһˣҪߵСȡ
һȽ֮ɽϵ˱Ԯ
ǣͻȻ뵽ǲô׵ľ͹ҵˣǿ϶ҲŻͲ˾ڣô׵ľ͹ҵأ
뵽ұ˵ʼȫעĸǰЩƴɱ
Ȼ䣬ͦŽֱ룬֮䣬ƲɵڶԸЩ˵ʱ򣬻еķӡǼͷ˳
ϻĲľ֮뵽ϵʱҸоһЩϢߣЩƴɱʱұ㽫ľ֮ͷ˳
һΣ˺ɮϮȻ䣬ľ֮ӿǽͻȻ˼£пٵǵĽףͻȻıʣɮһ㶣ͷŽ¿ȥ
֮УµľСοɮΪһһĲࡣ
ǵͷһ˲䣬궸Ȼһӵʱֱ̽ɮಿλڽ洩ţʱһһ£ֱӽǵˡ
ɮ֮ʣµЩ˱¶˵֮ɫ
ұδ߶ľ֮Դס˵˫ţŪǿ಻ԡ
ȴ֮Уľï߶ľ֮ʱܽõͷų
ԭľֻܴ֮߶һЩĲطĶӵѡ
ڿɱ֮󣬽ű˵ҵĽ£ʣµǼ˾͸ӿ־ˣֲսĸо
ڴʱǲɽֳ˱ʣҿвֱӴɽӴͬɥ֮Ȯ
ܿ˴Щ˺ܿɽۿҪŲסˡ
ԼУƺ˻еΣеϽ𲧲ϵķɣǱӴܵЩ˵ĺϣѪɣԽĽ
⣬ȼԦϰٸҲɽϳոЩҪȡ֮˵С
֮⣬һƵһͰչһԸѪ
Сӿ˵Ķ֣ߴˣϺ񻹸ˡ
ߵѹܹҷֳȥǱߵΣƺƵϰˣʱʣĿһ붼ˣףòǱ
ǰҪӵߵʱһͻȻһеǹǽǹǽʱһϸС磬ʱ˰ϣҽһֱӵ˵ϡ
һͰչСˣͬʱǰҪ˰
ǻһȻһԾ㻯һƬɫ𣬷˺֮ʷȥ
ΪСҪӳȥʱ򣬲ͻȻһɺɷֱ׷˰ǵѪɷֱӽȺϵתȻұ㿴дƬƬʬӰ֮ĵһ㡣
һӵĹ⾰ϾͶѻ˺һʬ塣
ǵɺɷһΣֻȵΣȵ˵ϡ
չǰֳʲô۶ӳֱӼ˻𾫳һŻ𣬽ϵЩʬ嶼յž죬һǰǲٸ嶼ջˡ


1524 ˽ܿ
ԷɽǷŰǵʱ򣬿Ƕö˶˵Ļţ̤ʵࡣ
ҴǬ˱нéɽ˳߶һΣղűɱǼɮ̾ͻ˺ëʬŻڸҾǼɱȥ
ղҹûĺѿֶϽ֮ģ඼ǱһӶԷʬΪһ̣ǱɽʬΪǵİ֡
ڲԶֵĽܿˡ
Ȼȥܿ˵ʱȴֻСӵһӰѾԶӴˡ
ҲĳỤ̄κβǣ¾ҪѪһ³ˡ
ʱߣǸʱ
£ǰǼܿ˴ˣǼߺëʬԸǣ˽ٰ꣬˲ֶοٵĳŽܿߵķ׷˹ȥ
ʼգСӶûиҶ֣ЩɣСǲһΪûУһԣֻѾܡ
ڱͱӣеǿɺޣôܷ뿪
Ҵ߶ٰ˲һ·׷
һ׷Ҳŷֺ˽ܿ˲еôСܵٶȺܿ죬ţͻȻ˫ֶˣ֫ŵأһֻ񱼵ȮïܵĴ֮д
ѽͦӣûƳ
ȻȮһĽܿ˸ûӣͣ
Ҳ˵Ǳһεķײ˻
֮ǰܲģⷨƲģֻҪײ棬е֣뵿ײһķϡ
ǽܿ˱ײһΰأڵϹȦ˻ԴȻǱײ±ˡ
Ȼϻһɨǧͺɨ˹ȥݺ֮䣬ľͳǽܿն˹ȥ
ǽܿ˵ľԻʮǿģԭرϸߣǵӵ·˹ȥնļϣһ¡¡죬Ǽôʱ
һĽܿˣſ˵ϣӿٵƶЩ
ͻȻǹһΪɱ˵³ֻǻԵɺϣû뽫ǷһôԸǣⶼǸ˾֣ԶеĻҪǿ󡣡
ЩǲЩˣҺὣ˵
ʽôֻҪӦɱңһԳΪǵѡſڵϵĽܿ˵
ŶʲôףͻȻһЩȤ
ֻҪӦɱңҾ취ͻػģڶǻ켣˺ܶ꣬źǿĹϵںˮʥ̵Ĵ׷ɱǣҲǵĻǺӳȥ֪ģˮʥǺֲܿģǿ϶ǵĶ֡ܿɫ
ǱˣһӦ㲻Уɫһݵ
Ϊʲôĵģװѣǿ϶ҪҵġܿٴȰ˵
С̫ˣһױһף㣬תͷͰǸˣһ֪ôɶ㻹ΪСүɵӲɣɣ
˵գҲٸϻĻᣬеĽһ˹ȥ
ܿ˶ʱŭĻˣΪ㲻ɣ˭ﻹһء
ܿ˶ȥһһӷ˵ϣţҼӲקһںģ֪ɶ߬أ߶һһֹ϶ص׹˵ӢģȻӢĲզأֱܹġ
ڽܿ˴߶ʱõǸðһź˲ͽӰסˡ
Ƭ֮󣬱ʩչһнߣŽܿ˴˹ȥ
ܿһǺںĶӲóĞų˺ܴĲҲܹоǷ̺֮ʮֲֿԣҲգֻýȥ̽һ¡
˵ֶΣûô˿̵ĽܿˣѪһ׽
ʱǧӰǺ˽ܿ˽ɱ˹ȥ
ʱֲһĻͷˡ
ſڵϵĽܿˣһ˲ʹ֣ϳ˳ĺëԴҲһ˶Դ˫֮ϸ˷ָס
ҿôʲôǣ
ոճƹȥĽֻ꣬ܿǽ˳Ƿָһͱ䵴˳ȥðһĻӡ
һ֣㽫ǽ˹Уű˵Ľܿˣвмη塣
˵Ľܿˣ﷢һ³³죬һ˵ĹӾͻ˳
жʮ׳ָ׾ǰһԾͳ˹


1525 ĵ
ÿٶȡ
Ǳ֮Ľܿˣҵĵһо
ٶѾԽѪᡣ
СʱƬʱ򣬾˵ŷǱѪ˵Ĵ˵ʱȻǲŵģɲҲš
СʱһйͽʬأҲˡ
䣬󲿷˶û漰ȦӣȻ֪ôаĶڣȻڼǺ䲻ƾճôħֵĴ˵ǿ϶˼ġ
ȦӲҹŽЩ츣ߺһصЩ˶ҲᳬʮˣǶʮ˿ʮֵĶ࣬һɢʮ֮УԵ̫ˣƽһҲϲ϶ˡ
ڹߣ۾Ͳ֪ˣҲû˽
Ϊ˵ĽܿʮͣһԾһȷͳ˹һ˫צӣʮֲֿ˿̵ĽܿﲢûκεķΪһ
һٰ˲־һ˹ȥһﷴӦһ죬־һצӣֱӼסҵĽ꣬Ȼ˾ͳײ˹
һһĹͱȽϸͣȫûʲô·ԣƾһͼٶȡ
һʼ˹УֻƾżζϵĴ߶ٰ˲һʱ仹Ҳʲô
ڽ˼֮ͻȻһһ취ȻһܹΪˣ˵һа
ȻаǱǷʬܹƵġ
뵽ұڿٶͬʱ˼շ䣬Ǽշͻ˼޴Ļ򣬳˽ܿ˹ҵļλ˹ȥ
˽ܿ˲ӲֻҶܵһԣʱ򣬱㽫Ƿʬ߸˳
ǻ䵽һԣܿ˹
һΣҲûжֻĴצӳ˹һ֣ó˸յֶΣжȥ˽ܿǴצϴ󲿷ֵһֻķʬȻ߶âһ֮䣬ұ㳯Žܿ˵ؿ˹ȥ
ʬܿ˵ϵʱ򣬹ȻЧܿ˵ðһỤ̋Ŵ̱ǵȳζȻ˾͵˳ȥ
ٵʱϱٴη˱仯һˡ
ô˵أϵëϡ˲٣ͷָҲС࣬룬ʬҲܿĹ
һʬߣǽܿ˶ʱĻ̿Ķеķʬߣֵˡõʲôôܹ˵ң
ûʶļһⶫǻĵʲôħ֣һȥԲΣԹԵɣ
˵һٴ˷ʬɱȥ
ʱĽܿѾˣԴӱ÷ʬһ֮ƺûڸƴҿƺҪ뿪ӡ
Ѿ뷨סе·˵ʲôҲҪ
ڴʱﴫһ죬һѸݵĽŲһͷȥʱ򣬶ʱһϲǰչ߸˹СһѪȻǲ˶Ļ𾫳֮¡
ͳһͷĹ򣬻Ϊ˵Ľܿһ±㳯ɲõķײ˹ȥһΣ֪ɵķʱЧѾˣǽܿʲôֶΣǷһΣȻܿ˺һӣֱ˳ȥ
С֫ڵأƴһĳӴܡ
үģܣ
һεĴ߶˲ľ֮˽ܿǰĻĲݺЩĲݺ˲ǻһ㣬ͣ趯ٵŽܿϲ˹ȥ
Ϊ˵ĽܿЩĻĲݺȻ޷ԭأȴܹĽСӵٶȡ
ҿٵļٰ˲ܿٴ׷һΣֱӽͭǮǬ˱˳Ȼ߶˱ͭǮ󣬳ɰǧͭǮ˽ܿɢȥ
˽ܿ˾ڼĶȴͭǮϣСһƺߣ϶Ѫһ֮£Щ趯ͻĲݱٵĲƶ˽ܿ˲С
Ǿҵ˼£ЩĲԽԽֱ࣬ӽһӡ
գۼĹұ㵽˽ܿ˵һ࣬չҲܿҵǰ
СŸ磬ڼһǰ׷ɱǵʼٸߣչһ۱סĽܿˣʵ
СӣҲû뵽ΪǸصļһû뵽Ūôġһص
һ۱ŵĽܿˣ϶ܲˣȻʰչǱߵôˣ
׵ģϻʰоأʰڼһҹ֣Сɱ˰ɣΪ籨𣡡˵ţչѪ߰ߵĻ𾫳Žܿ˹ȥ


1526 ͸
ʱĽܿ˱ҰͻĲݲסӣ޷ѣСӱҴ֮Ȼָԭģڵļֱú̿ɾˡ
չŻ𾫳ǰҪǼһʱ򣬽ܿŻˣధ㲻ҪɱңҸղŸ˵ģĿ԰صģҿԷġ
չһѾס˽ܿ˵Դͷһۣ˼ɱɱ
ݶˣһû˿ôεҪȡǵؼǣСӺ̵ġ
û˿ԥұ˵ͷǱ߰չҲ˻𾫳Ҫȡ˽ܿ˵ʱ򣬽֪ܿͻȻЩĴЦɱңҲ޷뿪ڸղţҾѾ֪ͨ˺ˮʥ̵ˣӦúܿ͸Ϲˣǵɡ
չһеĻ𾫳͵˵ϡ
ͬҲŵĲᣬһͱ˹ȥһѾס˽ܿ˵ӣݺݵ˵ʲôʱ֪ͨĺˮʥ̣
ܿЩ˵Ѿܾˣ֮ǰҾ͸ˮʥǱߵ˴˵绰ǹѾˣǾ͵ȥɡ
һʱŭģС̫ôɶˣ붼û룬һƾͳŽܿ˵˹ȥ
áǲһ죬СӵԴǶʱˣݽȥһ飬Ѫɥ
СŸ磬ǲıˮʥ̸Χ˰ɣչЩֵ˵
ߣǸϽȥ֪ͨ˸Ͻ취ҪȻǿ϶Ҫȫ군˵ţұ첽ʱ·ȥչҲ
첽У̤ɣһܣһƣܿС̫ôˣԼʰǣ֪ͨˮʥ̵˹ҲǼ汳ġ
ҿҸղûСӵĻͳȥҪȻǺˮʥ̣СӻֵڱǮء
һ뵽ǿܱˮʥ̸Χˣбһľս
ոտսһ˶ƣʱˮʥ̵ˣô䣬Ǳһ͸ӵĿˡ
һܣһ߻ͷʵСףأ
Ҳ̫ղԼˣʰܿ˴Щ֮ǱڸղŵǸɽͷϣһʱղһ𡣡չЩ˵
үģֱˣ͸
ҺͰչһ·Уʮ֮󣬱Ǹɽͷ棬˴Ŀǽ壬Ǻʬ壬ѪζŨ߻éɽסĺëʬصıQæéɽٴ˳Щëʬ˵ϣָԭ
ܿ˴ǰʮҲĲˡ
ǵ֮󣬻ܣкǶûл׷ɱЩˣϺˮʥЩˣ϶ĺܲҡ
ҺͰչżĸȹϵһ㣬һʱҲЩ޼ƿʩ
Ҫ绰һģҺܿ뵽һ취취Ҫȴ绰ҪöˣΪ绰ֻܹϵһһˣɺͻлϵϣ˿̴һﶼɢĴ׷ˡ
ұ۾Һ֮һЩ΢ϵܿȡ˹ͨȸϽкЩ䣬֪ͨĴ׷ɱǣǸϽ˴ϡ
ȵõҵܿӦ
ԭصʮӵĹ⾰۷˻æ鶼ûУȸ˵ѾЩ֪ͨˣڻ·ϣ壬ıȽϿһЩ
ֹһеһˣһֵ˵СţǱɱʹأȽҹˣʲô¶
ҿˣ֪ܿͨ˺ˮʥ̣ѾʼΧˣǸϽ취ӳȥҪȻȫҼ
һϢʱҲŵĻһǺڼһǸӵĻһ嶼ûУû
СŸһˡչص
ȻΧˣǿզ죬ҪȻٴһܣе
ðƺˮʥҪǶ֣αӲҪȻءչƵ
˵ţһҲϹ۷˻Ȼɡ
ȫ֮ұ㽫ղŸ˵Ļ˵һ飬͸Ϣ֮ȫŻˣһʱ䶼֪δźá
ɳһͻȻҪţǧҪţһž˷ִ磬֮ȿΧĹƺˮʥ̵˵׵ʲôط㡣


1527 
һؼʱ̣ܹһŸν⣬ΪʲôÿζҪԭڣʵģǾ
£ңæкһٴʹЩ»Ұǲ̽һ£Щˮʥ̵ʲôط
ȻǺģ˼ʼϵЩ»ҰԼܻһɺɷĳƮ˳ȥ
һߣǱЩ겻ֵģһ֮ڳ˺ü飬ʵʩոտʼǻڵ³ׯ԰ٹķΧ֮תţ֪ɶʱӳȥ
ȳȥֺϼһ£յĽǲӲƴδս˶˲˶һܹٵĻָһҪúЪһЪˣƣӦսʤϣҲס
ϹҲ˵ӲƴǵʱоǺˮʥ̵ʮǿҲûаܹսʤ֮ŻһｫӵĿֲҪѡâ
ʵڲеĻȸѡһȽϱĵطͻΧȥѵİա
ʱ򣬴ԼӵĹ⾰СȾͻˣҵߣɫԵʮأ˵СŸ硭ǺܽˣɳȥĹЩǸˣֱӴĻɢƬӶˮʥ̵˸Χˣȸղŵ˻Ҫܶ࣬кüˡ
ȵĻ˵Ķһ£үģʺ˽ܿ˵ʮ˴ڡ
üˣƬӶΧסˣǲѷˡ
˵Ŀٴɵϣ̧ͷһȣʵѾͷı٣Ϊ
һ£˵ٵĵطʮĸڣҲмʮˣ˶ĵطһλԼһҡ
ȥⲼãҪǡ
ڶԷѾܽˣҪϣ˾˶ĵطȥӳȥϣһЩײ֣ǿ϶˭ҲӲȥһǾ壬ӳȥǼӳȥǧҪͷžԮûУ
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ʮأû뵽˵Ļ
ǶֵܣзֵܣԼĵӳȥԺ˭ܵˡ
תһ룬˵ҲʮеΪԵĶʮǿǿǸ޷ĵزӳȥǾ;ԶԶģܻһһܱȫǿ
Ժ´ˣһƱֵܹǱѩޡ
ڲīʱ˱˴˿һۣĬȻĵ˵ͷ
ߣһ֣˱㳯Сȸǵһ񱼶ȥӭŵ˵ķâȥ
һ̣˶飬֮⡣
ϣһܹμѵΧˣܹɹһֵҵ顣
һһ·첽С
ǰ˴ԼӵĹ⾰һֱƮߵͻȻסң˵СŸ硭ȵȡ
ôˣʵ
һָһɽ괦ȥȻ˵СŸ磬ǰһɽܹղһҵģǸסһֻϻ
Ҷһ£ˣɳһ£˵ɽȷǲˮʥ̵˷ˣǾͱ˶ܲҡ
һѰɣһҲأܲʲôù鶼Ǹ˰ɣе
ɿȣʵСѾͷܹʰסͷͻ𣿡
ȵ˵ͷ˵԰
ǺãǾͶһѣʵǸЩײӳȥİҲ󣬻ðһԡɺܿ˾ϡ
£ȵĴ£һ䣬ɽ괦첽˹ȥʱҴ߶˲ľ֮ĨȥǼ߹ĺۼⱻǷ
вʱɽ괦һ۵ĵطĲӳ֮淢һʮεĶڣдŵӳ˼һХһֱưͻǶ˳ͳŻ˹ȥ
һæһͻûС
ڴʱͻȻΪһɺɷͻϲƶȥƬ̵Ĺǵɺɷͨϻ
ֻֻСţƵİͻҡβ;ͳ˹ϲ¡
ʱͻϣסˣǰȸ˵ϣȷʵһΣĺ档
ϻԴоĺܺãк˳Ż˽ȥ


1528 վ
ȸֻͻҲǽɽ
ǸܴĶȥ֮ҲŷĿռ䲻СԽߣռԽǿװǼǴ´ࡣ
ֻζ̫ţɧأֱӣϹһʱüͷһһؿڣʧˡ
ͻϵȽ˶֮󣬱˸طſ
ʱ˵СţҸղſܹƲľ֮㽫ڴĻĲŪʢһЩڶϣҪ˿ʲô
ҵ˵ͷܿ߶˲ľ֮ڴĻĲݿٵۿɱٶֱӽڸˣҷǳȻܺ񣬾ǰǿҲҪһ
ŪֶεʱҲææһЩͭǮڶļλȥһ̤һдʣӦڲһ
ղȸ˵ЩҲͶʮӵĽų̣Ҳõˣǲòӽж
֮ɽеĲ趼ŪˣȻֱͭӷϻϷ֣µһŻֽ
ŪЩ֮ųһ˲ϵĺ˵ˣҲóһηܹǼϵϢȫĸ֣ʮ֮ڶоǵĴڣһأǾְҪʲôܹⷨǼ˵ҪСµĺá
޲׷׵ͷһط
ҹƣˮʥ̵˿϶ҪƬӽе̺ʽɨƺƵüٸˮʥ̵ĸ֣˷ٶӦúܿ죬Щֶʮ־裬϶Źκһ䡣
ǷѾܺˣЩĵһ֮УĻĺܲҺܲңҹƶԷһַŪǡ
ĵȴÿһÿһӶǼ尾ǱѾж˸Щ֮ĹԷˮʥ̵ĸ˳ϣҵ
ǹ֮壬еĵǼˡ
ҲǷֵȼģҲǴﵽ˹ΪƷһбԴﵽɵľ磬дãеһľ磬겻ҲֻأȿԳɾ͹֮λĳ߶ϣɿʱߣ⣬ҲǰΪһʮĴڡ
ĿǰΪֹһûɣЩŵĶ츣֮У϶йִõģҵéɽĵɣǱȹɸһεĴڣУǿ۽硣
ܹɹɣţˡ
ڶȺʮӵĹ⾰ӶڵʹһЩŲЩŲԽԽ࣬ʮֳӡ
Щ˺һߣһõ·ϵľ
һЩ˳˹
ˣվˣ
ܿ죬ͣڵΧһ˵̫ˣԴǺ˽ܿ˸ϴ绰֮ǾͽӸΧˣڶ콫ӷһȦˣûпǼˣǾƾʧһ
ǿ϶Ƭղҵ˽ܿ˵ʬ壬ʬ廹ûнӲ˻Сʱô̵ʱڣǲܳǵĲ˵ǳ˳򣬷ɳȥƬӡһ˻ص
ţͻȻ䣬ĶͻȻȫһ˲ͣܶ˴μϣ
һסˣһҲҶˮʥйдˡ
ѧ̩ﲢǺܶ࣬Щ׼Ҳ֪ǳƺǲǽϣϴ߽֮ڵĳƺ
˱ϹϾĳƺһ֮󣬽űһ˵Ǹнܿ˵ĺȷʵ˸ƴɱ󲿷˶Щ˸ɱˣķʽƵ³ׯ԰Щһ޶ҽܿ˲Ÿո˰СʱңԣһƬ죬ǽ˴ߣҲҪǸҳ˭ҵЩˣͣͻҪ࣬ûУ
ˣߺ
ðɣң˴һűû˶
ٴһ죬ϵնŵĻĲҪߵĽ࣬ͻȻ䣬ڵĻĲأԶ˼£˷ط
ŪЩĲܺ㿳˺һŽǶڵĻĲһЩ󺰵и


1529 
һڳȫŵĳһ亹ԵķҲ˳ҪһˣһֻܳɱȥЩӲӲĸһˡ
ȫ䱸ʱͻȻʹһܼĽŲкܶ˳߸˹ȻӵȥڵЩĲ
ҲŵĲУæ˶ڱߣҪһԷֱӾ͸䣬ͷء
վʱһֱֻͻҲվŶڿ
ͻȻ䣬һʶ򵥹ͨһ£˵һ˿Ҫʱ򣬱ֻͻ˳㽫ͻϳȥԷֻһֻͻĻ˵Ͳٽˡ
һǱһݽҵ
Ĺ򣬶ڵͻĲݾͱĲˡ
һֻͻĺ󱳣ͻϵȶʱǰ˹ȥϿҪȥʱ򣬱㻯һɺɷ˳
ͻеȦζһ£ͣ˶ڣЩȴ
ͻһˣʱͲܵˣһ͵ĻɽҰ
һϻʱܣϻ
ڶڸЩ࣬ͻٶֿ죬ϻȥ֮ҽűһҽУи˱ϻ˵˵ϡ
Ȼ󣬾һܼǹաͣͻҺ˼ܿû˶ѪζƮɢ˽
ϻӦǱˡ
ЩģпһۣɫأǲҪȥЩƴˣȴҡҡͷʾⲻҪ
˺һŹƽһ˷Ը㣬ȥûˡ
ǸԸ˶ʱ˵ôȥһٱĳһֻϻô죿ռôСܶܲˡ
ҪȥǸֵ
ҲŲȥء˻ص
ˣˣףӽȥըһͨٽȥҲ١
Ҿ׵졣
꣡Ҳݣ
ЩǹɥĲģְ취ĳ
ߵĻ붼û룬һѽҴӶڱ˻УͬʱеϽ𲧸˳ȫס
ڻŪֶεʱҲһٵĻ˼շ䣬Ȼϣ˵ǰ档
ЩֶҲ֪ܲܵסס
ռҲ̫׵ȻҲǲСġ
һûüٶŪշ״Ӷ˽ֱǲԶĵط
ʶģȫǽǣ׷ױסԴ
գۼĹ򣬱ǽضɽҡһ㣬ǶڽҲȥʯͷûһг䶨֮Ҿ;Դ죬һؿҲƵҺͻзֱŪֶΣҲ֮±ȫݻ٣ɼ׵ʮֵǿ
ǶڲûбȫһЩССĿ϶
ԤԼ˵
ҪҪǿʯͷȥ˵
⻹ʲôÿģ˵ˣͷڣҲըˣ߰߰ɡǵơ
󣬱ǽŲȥ
ЩŲԶ֮ҲųĳһתͷС˵û˰ɣ
ûСûС˶СػصԻЩ¡
꣬Щ̫ˡ
󣬰չһСŵֵ磬һȦÿ˿ȥЩͷ֮⣬ȷʵûˡ
ֻǻеϽ𲧱ըıɳȥ˺Զ
ڣһʮţķûб׸ը
˳ĬƬ̣ԵЩѹ֣һյĶ˹ȥ
һ֮һǽô죿
Ҳǳһһͷϵ亹ǾֻܵˣȺˮʥ̵˳뿪Ȼ취ߣǳˣ϶ҲܲߣҪС£Ҳ˵̫磬Ūǻɨһ顣
һǾǵĿ̫ˣ˲һ𣬱ҪֿСչ˵ţͻȻɣʲôЦ˵ͭ治һôܲܽǸ缸װȥһʱ䣬ͱȽˡ
ȷЩ˼˵ǿԣĿǰ˵ֻܽһЩŽȥʱСűǾԻʱҲ걻˽ȥ⾵ӵпյʱ򣬿϶ҪúооڲУһŪȥˣŲͲˡ


1530 ȫ
˵ĵʵ飬ҽ⾵֮Уȷʵֻ걻˽ȥ
˼ǣӻпԿĿռ䣬оˣܹǸ缸ȫװȥ
չ¶вֿͨܿң˵СŸ磬ϲһǬ˱ⱦʦֶװĽȥǼװȥҲûɶɣ
ҡҡͷ˵»治УǬ˱ҵĞų˺͵ӲƷų⣬㲻ˣоǣΪܹǿ󵽽Ǭ˱ҲųֱӺԲƣҪȻôܽȥģ֮ǰҲԹ治̫С
Ǿû취ˣֻܽϣϣ˵ʲôð취һ
ĵȴǶڲûȫʯϣһЩռ䣬ĺ϶⣬Լлܹ߶졣
Ŵ˿ʱȫ˱˸طĻָԼΪ
ҿһȣصǬ˱УҲúõһ¡
ɽһƬҲĹ֪ʲôʱ۾ֻһѾȥһˣʱǰʱ֡
۾֮󣬺̶ܿ۾˴˴۵Сۣʱŷ˾ôʱָĲһȵġ
ϸһĶûʲôˡ
ôʱȥˣǺüˣǽƤһҲˣûҵǣ뿪
Сţ˶𣿡ϻһʵ
Ұһۣ˵֪Ҫȥƣ
ϻٺһЦ˵һǱˣһȥˮʥ̵ˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ʱϻٴοңٺЦСţǱ߻дεûóһþöûԶˣӶˡ
ϻôһ˵ҲЩˣæǬ˱ｫԺȵĶ˳
⣬в㣬Ǭ˱汻ðණԱ㲻ʱ֮裬ǳʳҲ⼸˳ϰµģ⵹ǲ÷
ұ㽫ȫ˹ΧһԶ
һ߳һһĴ㡣
ѹأҲյıܹȥˣǻصģкܳһ·Ҫߡ
µ뿪Ƭӣˮʥ̵Ȼ󲿷ֶˣ϶ﲼߡ
ôʱ䣬ǶûҵǣΪѾ뿪¶Ҫͼգɵ˼ǣǲżȥﲻԺȣ죬úˮʥ̵˳׷˾֮취뿪
뿪϶Ҫ˽ӦʱҸϵ취Ȼ˷ֳûĵطȺ̩һ·Ҳϵ󵽴ԽϼϵĵطǱ߻бĺ˽Ӧ뿪
ļƻ˵֮Ҳûʲôһаռƻбɡ
ˣһ˱ɽ죬涼ʮְڵϣҹʱҲȳкһĹǲ鿴һƣȷϸûкˮʥ̵֮̽˲Žſڵʯͷ׷Ų߳ɽ
һˬɽζһʼܲˣҲϰˣŵĿǾ̫ࡣ
֮Ҳû҇Nɪٴδ߶˲ľ֮Ƕڸ·һɿٻء
ұٴȰæϵΧĹ̽̽·ﵽûаźˮʥ̵̽ӡ
Ӧһܿ콫ȥ˼֮ȱϢ˹
֮ǰˮʥ̴󲿷ֵ˶ӵҲ˲̽ӣʱ̹۲ΧĶҲв١
ôһƬӣÿһط֣ܰȻҲ©ĵطȺܿ͸̽˷˵ƬϱߵķһӣӿˮܼǱûкˮʥ̵˷뿪ƬӵĻǱõѡ
һ£ܿ㰴˵Ǹһ·첽С
Сʱ֮ǱӱߣܿˮҲȷʵʮļһ㵹Ѳסǣҽˮ˳˺˷ֱӿűˮ飬һһӡ
˴֮ǰһξ룬ҵһСӣǸӽаͿǲûпǸӣ¶ʲôţֻǸ￪һط˽ţó˵绰˹ȥһӵҵĵ绰һ


1531 
ӵ绰һӦǳԾ㡭ǾȻţ
ôǲǰͲǱˮʥ̵˸ɱˣҷʵ
æǡ˵ˮʥ̵˽ڵƬӶΧˣˮйͨһ˺ü죬滳ɣЩǲǳͷۣܷݵأӳһ˵ǿǽܿ˴ȥһٶֶɱɾˣǽܿҲɱˡ
ôӳͲùˣǿ϶Լ·æʱˣɳǣ̩֮Ľ׾ˣԺˮˮҳ
Ǳԥһ£ɫ
һͿĴׯɡҳ
Ǻã˹ȥǡǴӦˬ졣
У˹ҲģԹ뿪ֵ
ôУһˮʥ̵˷ˣҿ϶Ҳ·һ
ڣǲŷģҾһ仰㵽в
ٴγĬһŵǺðɣԹȥ
ñˣʲôУǼȻܹӺˮʥ̵ӳΣӳΣһǷˣʲôУ϶֪ġһεв
ǷİɣҾԲˣУڰͲ뿪̩ԽԶԽãԶҪ
Ӧһܿҵ˵绰˵϶ҲҪСʱ֮ΪҪӰų߸ϣ·;ЩңԶ
ߴ˵绰һ㿪ʼĺЩϵһͨһǣĺѾԽϣϺһ˳ĸۿڣĺԹģ⻹˼ںĸ֣л
֮ǰǸĺ֣ǱûǻãʮǿΪ֮ϣʱǼΪ˲Сĳĺ֮ǰЩ϶챻ɱˣʵҲȥֻΪ㲻
˵ʱǲɱԭĺİ³ڤܹǧסţˣ³ڤʵܹȺˮʥ̵Ķֱܹһ
ټǼȫҲˮʥ̣һжǿ롣
еһж֮˿ɲĿŵڴΧƣһεڣ²ĬĬĵȴ
Сʱ˵˵̲̣ǵȵʮֽơ
ڵȴͬʱһȹͨЩ۲Χ֮ڵĶһдֳ߶ҲиԤ
ʵǸķĻͷһĳǣ¶ͲˣҲΪʲôҪǰԭ򣬾Էһ
ȵ춼Ҫʱڵȵĵ绰˵Ѿˣʲôط
ʻ˰ͿǸׯһ·һСͣ
ұԭصȴԼȥơ
֮ǰ˶ҪСģӦһȸһȥˡ
ߵһŪǺɫı
˹Ŵ˳ţңЩĿ˳ԣ΢΢Цš
˵촩ĺԸУһƤ㣬ǺɫĵһβԵøഺ
γҲûٴʲôƤߣǶ̩ҲŴʹã³ׯ԰֮ڲûͷǼƤȫ¶ˣϱЩƤ㣬Ŀʾ˵ĺá
˹һ֣Ц˵ãּˡ
Ͼˣ뽫ϵŪǰ㽩ӲǱ֣һ£֪СƤץסҵָţСĴָỬ˼£һĴĵ
ŵʵ㱾˱Ƥߺÿˣĺ˧Ŷ
㲻͵͵ĸ½ͷ˰ɣ֣ͻȻһЩͷųһɿֲħ΢΢鶯¶һЩ̵Цݳ
ɫһϵḡ֮ɫʱȻ޴棬һѽŪˣǲ飬ĴڻĶصĺӣһСŮӣôҶ½ͷҲˡ
ҵĵϸɿĺûйͷС֣΢Цʵ
ǲˣһ֪ڻľȻôֲ̩ˮʥ̣ɱ˵³ʵġٴЦ˵


1532 ЫŮ
̸ʵҲҵڻһƬǳԵĿ̩Ҳѹסߵĵͷߣͷ뿪ǣԵмһ֣˵
ϣûһΪɫĸ֣ǰʱ仹ɱֱɱҵȥô˿أ˼һЩ̫ӦҽЦ
˵ŮһʼʱɱϣޱȣٲȻһŮкܵģһȴһζԵʮĶ飬ۺˮͷ΢΢һ¡
СƤڹҵĽ࣬˵ۻһϴУѪյͣСƤֲ෬ְѳֲסĸоҲ֪СƤǲǶҶʲôֶΣոҿǸ֣¸֮Ľͷɣ֮ǰСƤһʮĺɮйаŵֶΡ
ҲƣҾ϶ûӣ߿ɻвء
ջ˼΢Ц˵һʱһʱ̩ʶͷҲǲʶҺϣܸͷѣֻҪΰ뿪̩Ժ󵫷õĵطܿڱǡ
΢΢һЦͻȻҿһЩһסҵĸ첲£һߵ˵ҽѣǾҵඣǲǵĹϵ͸һЩ
˵ţӶҿ˹˲ûйͷһ㣬ʵĳҿȥæƿЦ˵ô㻹ҵѹկ˲ɣҪ⣬һ·һصģС
ޣһЦҲŲػأҪҲ̩ҵѹկˣһ֪ʲôһ·ػ𣿵ҽǻͻȥһŰҸˣʱҿ޶ûطȥ
ɲǸ˼ɾأҾ÷ִĲҵһػģԲŸô˵ҪһȥĻһûˡ
ߣŮҲҪɱԼˣλġ
Ǳ׼ЫŮ
˵ɫͻȻһɫʵ㣬ǽͳ̩ҲðһĪΣգǵԴ飬ѾŬˣʣµ·ֻܿԼˣҲǰĪҲҪ̫ˣҪСŮ·ϱơ
ľУֻҪͳ̩һߣӺɷһĭһŶҲΪˡұ֤
ϵЦٴθҵĸ첲Ц˵˵ŶɲڣˣϽ˹ɣһˣ˶ӣˮʥ̵˷˾Ͳˡ
ҵ˵ͷɲĵط˻֣Ĺ򣬲Ǳٵĳ˹
ѾȷιûˣʲôУڹ֮ǰҿǴģҲͨΧĹҹ۲춯˷ûʲôĽɫ£ΪҲһ㣬ʵûʲôв
һϹٵ˳ţ׷˽ȥ
ֻлͣһ£ҵĸ첲˵Ҫһ˵
Ҳ֪иʲôȥˡ
ǱʮԶʱ򣬻гһۣһЦ˵Сţʲô
ʲôʲôãȻ
װѾĻװֵǴԶĸܹΪ˱ģСȫǹ椵ġһ޵˵
𳶵ʲôʱˣƵ
ղҶˣǰ͹̵ĴһǴ椻ֱ㻳꣬ιǳ桭˵ûͱʵ
үǸ̸¶أҪȻôӳ̩
ˣˣ;Σ˭̸¶§§ģ֪Ҿ͹̸ˣܱСӡ˵
˵ѾǲǸУŲŵ»Ҽʦ۾ʦ¶˵˵˼ôʰ㡣в
˵ȥ£ҲС̫ˣȻвҡе
ˣҲ㳶ҪԼȥ£ûס㡣ҵ
˵ģмЦ
˵ģȥɡҵ
д˴֣ҪǰһסЦ˵ȥ֮ǰһһһ˾ǱɱģСһǲһûˡѪ


1533 µ
˵жʱջһɫæҡͷĲԭҰһЩסǽɣˡ
˵ţһ·Сţһֱ˽ȥ
ұߵͷǱߣʵӣһô죿Ŀŵ뿪̩ɣ
Ȼ˵˽ͳȥǿ϶е׼ˣϳҸôŪ˵ţ˳ţ˸ʻλá
Ҳ˳˼ʻλϡ
һȥһ鵲ڵסǰĲ˳ơ
ͻһǸкһ˱ݹһСӡ
ӹ˺֮ʾãԴǱת
Ҳ֪«ʲôҩֻ
֮ǺӣӺóһƿҩˮްմˣҪͿĨһ㶣æʵǸɶ
Ҫ뿪̩ͱҪҷԸȥ˱Ҫͷ棬̩˵ģȻܻȥھ͸ݡɫ
ԭô¶һ˵ҾͷȷʵӦһ£ǼƤ߶ˣһϾͻᱻ˷¶ĿƺˮʥҲѾǼڻĵĵϸҲܹһϳġ
Ǽڻĵĵϸˮʥ̲֪ܲ
ԣǱҪٴθͷ档
ʵ˺̩˳Ҳ˶٣̩ߵ˾ǱȻǱߺһЩѸһЩǼƤ˻кܴġ
㣬ʼݡ
ãһʼһСҩƿްϲͣͿĨ
ֻǡӽ촩̫һСһСֺ֮֮УֲͣͿĨСòͣǰһһεģұѪ˳
ȥо˳ˡ
Ǳ˼ҲڱݣֻǸݵһүǣ֣һӣ죬ݾͿĨĻզզͣǺһүģ㵱үǺڰأĻͦ㡣
ߵ龰ĽĻвҪҪģƵĲУһֱǰȥӶ˳
ЩܲˣһѪǿɾͶˣֱӱ۾໹ǿѡ
ͿĨҩˮ֮óһƤߣҵϣȻָĨȣָʮֵһ֮Ų֣˵ˣͲϳˡ
˵ţøһ澵ӣԼտ
ҽӹ˾ӣϸһ۾Լ˵⾵ķֱ治֮ǰģоһһ㣬ڳ˹ͭɫеһƴҲ̩ˡ
Ū֮һ֤Ķֽ˹֤ϵ׸˿̵һģ
˵ϴƤ̩Ϊߴʦģʮֱ棬ƳʲôƤֻʹһΣʱЧֻ죬󣬾Ͳˣ֤ǿ֮뿪̩̩кˮʥ̵ڣͨ˹ٷҲڲѯǵ٣Ҫûݣ뿪
лл㣬С㡣ϵ˵
磬ǶˣͲҪôˡ˵ţһ£ٴγĵһЦ
ֵǴԷģǵݶģЩݵ˶Ѿˣǲ鲻ʲôģ뿪ȫû⡣
ȥСƤǹݵģΪӳȥֱɱˣȻǵݶǵϡ
ҿŻаɵǸݣôЩ졣
ʱĻеҺϸһ룬üĿ
ҼǵõһҺһȥʱ򣬵ʱɱˣɱߵˡ
һҲ˷ѡ
Ū֮Һͻж˳˹ȥȵһҲһݣ˴˶ģٴɵøԻЦ
ΪǱ˴˶סԷòʱ治ʶٸʲôǿɾ鷳ˡ
鵽Ѿ㶨ˡ
ǱҪԭļƻ˷ֳ
һǻкңһɡչһˣӲͬ·뿪̩Ȼ󴩹ΣֱԽϣԽ֮õĵطĺϣȻֱġ


1534 ͷж
һж׼׵
˼򵥵ĺѣ˴˸ⶣɣһҪչ˺һͰչǰչûжãûЩϵҰչСӱƽʱƲһĴѧģƢ׳嶯һѹס
ϴţҲȽϷһЩ
˵ǱߵʵҪҺͻǿһЩ֣һϻλϹڣҲܻǵȫ
һĿʵ̫ʱֿҲȲѵ飬Ȼ˶Щᡣ
˴˺һ֮󣬻ָҺͻоĳչһһ뿪˴˴
ķ෴ģߵ·Ҳȫһ
ڴ֮ǰѾ·߶оˣֻܸźõ·뿪á
Ҹ˹ҲõˣʲôУֻҪ΢Щ춯ҷַӾȡ
ڳϵʱһСһ档
ΪֲֿĴڣ˿ĻΪܸߵҲֲټȹҲĿĵġ
ղǴƤߣҾ͵Ƥ϶ʲôֽţ̩Ľͷ˽̫ˣʲôֶΣҲƲǶУȿ϶ڣȻȵĶ֣Ҳܹ׾ٵ˽
ȵʱȻҲһΪϵϢֲ̫ˣһȳ￪˿յãæСǲģôôֲ˵ܶɮƵСûһܹԽĴڣСû
΢΢һЦ˵̩ĺ϶ǴӻȥģǱ߿ǵڣЩɮƵĹﲻһЩСϷˣֻһʱͣеùĹ
Сȿñ˰ķéɽڵĳԴڹɵĹųɳֲĵز
С֮ǰ͸ϻӿɲһ
ȻЩҲû˵ʼҪһظУʶ߻ǿĺԮǱ߻ǶʲôͷĻȥҪȻÿ
±Ǭ˱֮Уʱʵࡣ
ⲻҪļһںû¶ܰɧ䣬һʼôչ͸һЩѧ⡣
ڷеĺڷҲһļ⣬ôһ˲ҵһЩͬĻ⣬ܹ೶ϼ䡣
Ҳᣬֱӱ˫֣ڸʻϱ۾Ŀ
һߵңоڴЩĵЩʱһֱһĴأżڹ컯֮£һڴϿųߣܾò̫̤ʵ
һ·Ҳûʲô飬ǰȡ
ֵһ˵ǣ·ϣҲһƤߣƤߵɫԭģҪ΢ѷɫһҲʮֵĺÿҪĺãе˶ʮʡ
ҲǲúˮʥʶݣôʲôҪ鷳
ֻǵһЩ·ε·ڵʱЩ̩˲˼سЩ˲鳵ʻ֤֮ģҲڳÿһ˵֤ʮϸ
ڲ鿴֤ʱǶʮֵĽţڣϵƤʮֱ棬֤ҲģԷƲʲôһ·жȥ
˿ˮʥ̹̩ٷЩǣȻⷽѯǵټŹκһסǵĻᡣ
˵ʵڵģַɭϵ֮£һӳȥ̫ˣûЩ׼ǻصǸЩɽƧһء
ЩٷĲѯ֮⣬ĳЩε·ڣҲкˮʥ̵·ѯ·ϣҲ˺ü
ڣһ·оգʮ̫ƽǴ̩صǸһ·ŲҢ󵽴ѸѸǰһξ룬̩εĹߣȻһнᵽεһа
ǵѸʱɫѾȫ
ǵ˼ǣڣֱһӳߣֱΣҹζࡣ
ǾڵѸʱ򣬻һ⡣
Ϊڰ·ϣһˮʥ̵̲飬˻٣Լʮлвٸ֣ѰʱҲɻȥˣȴеѡ
ܺˮʥ̵Ҳ뵽пܻͨѸӵΰɣҲ˺ܶ֡


1535 ø
һ˿ų̩α߾һѸĳеʱ򣬾һʮϡٵСϱˮʥ̵˸סˡ
Ҳǲɱ飬ˮʥҪԸֻԻĵˣ̩ıˣһҲֱӷС
ҼǺˮʥ̵ˣҲ᲻ҽκ˶ǿпźıˣҲôΪϾصǮ˶Ǹ̩ٷЩģһˣˮʥҲ̫ճԣŻῪźۣĿŵ
һȴûеô˳ΪȽϿϱ߾Եʣ鿴ʮϸ񣬾һСϣǱ
һʼֻˣզզǽ֤ͳǿ
һ·֮ϣĴˣǶϰΪ֤ģǵҲûʲôǣ׷׽֤ݸǡ
һΣԸоЩ̫ԾǸʹһɫӱקЩǸʲôģ֪֪˭ĳơ
Щˮʥ̵˸Ͳ͸ӣǼһʱʵ
֤ǰѶǣҪ˶³Ҫ顣
һҶʱЩˣ˵ҺͻжķǬ˱УǬ˱ҲԵһ־һ㣬ˮʥ̿϶ˣ뵽ұ㽫Ǭ˱Ҹժص⳵һз֮УȻһ˳
˳֮Ƕվһţܿ˼ˣǾһ
ǣǸŮˣȻֵЩԷŵҲ˭ģһļһҪȥԸ⣬˸Χˣͷ
һ۾ܿЩʵΪǿƯɫġ
һǿʲôûУһڴʲôĶ˳ǿЩҲûдŹ
ƯʱҲһ鷳ƤߣѾû֮ǰǰƯˣⰼ͹µģ޷ϵʡ
Һͻжǰǽͣ˵ģŅַ̀ǹȥӻóǮǡ
ǮҲϰ¶ҪִǣҲ޿κΡ
ϣܿǹ˹˵·ѵ
鿪ʼˣЩүǶȤûʲô˼
߷ѵתͷһۣʮЩˮʥ̵ĸǰҲ֪Щˮʥ̵ļһﶼɱ˲գ۵
Եģƺ۹ɫ΢΢˸
ˣҲ̡
Ҳ֪ôźˡ
ⶼҪ˹ˣﶯ֣ȻʲôǵľٶھҺͻˣʧ֣
ЩɫĴ󶯣ǵķԸȥԼͶ֡
ٴοһۣͻȻһӣЩ˵ķ϶пٵ˹ȥֱ·ŲԶ˹ȥ
Щû뵽ôóǹ˼ǹΪܹŻסɲһĽɫֱһŲԶ˽ȥһȺ˶ʱһķ׷˹ȥҲûȫȥˣǡ
󲿷ֺˮʥ̵˶ȥ׷ʱ򣬻תͷһۣϵķŭԱ
ȻǲûжĽ飬һ·Ҳ御ˣҲǲôˮʥ̵Ĵү۸ȴԹۣ۴ӵ廹ϣô˵ȥ
һȺˮʥ̵裬ºǿ϶ܹһϣ϶ǹȥ
ݵҾ¶Ǳøɡ
ʱ򣬾߿Ǽĺˮʥ̵ĺ飬ԻH
˵һ׽סֵַܼ֮󣬵Ǻúÿơ
תͷȥǸֵļһƣǼһһۣ־Ҫҵϴڴ֮ǰҵһȻ˳ȥֱϡ
ǼһĲӷǲһ춯ֱԵڵأԽӹƱһƸһŽɥ
ҶֵͬʱнҲʼֱ֣˳ִߵһжһѳͽǸ˵֮С
ǵģҲʲôҪɫҪȻҲ⼸Сආٽˡ


1536 ȫ
⼸СආͲģһӲȫҺͻзŷ˵ϣǸһĺԵЩ£̫˰ɣԺˮʥ̵˶ϵ顣
ɱ⼸֮ұԱǺӵʲôϽǽʬ̧ϳ
Ǻͷ˳ţ˿ٵĽʬŽ˳·˵ע⡣
ŪЩʬ֮кˣźˮʥ׷ķ׷˹ȥ
вʱǾֵıԵһӵ죬Ǹ˴򶷵
ǲߵǰǾһ죬·õĶҪˣŹҰɡ
һڰźжĴͷȻҲ䵽زںˮʥǿĶǰҲ޷
Һͻжһۣӿ˽Ųȵһֺˮʥ̵ǶʮһȻΧһԲȦΧм䣬ʼ˺ϵ·ˣ¶һƬѩףǹָԴʲô
һĻҺͻжЩסˡ
ȣҽСȸ˳һеĹȫųΧһˮйͨȡսپκһ˴ȫ
ȵõҵʱһɺɷƮɢȥ
һ̣ҽͭǮϢ˳Щ˽עȫϵʱȻͭǮ߶Ū˼ٵͭǮһХ֮űҵЩˮʥ̵˺Ȼѹ˶ȥ
ڷųͭǮʱҹѡһеķλһ˻Ŀıǲ
һͭǮѹȥЩɫǻļһǸûκη£ʮ˱ͭǮţ׷׵˵ϡ
㶯һˮʥ̵Щ˶ʱӦ׷
Һͻжʱͻɽһ㣬Ⱥ֮ͳ˹ȥ
ڳЩ˵ͬʱнϽٴ˳ȥϽһΣâ貣ϱмĺˮʥ̵ˣʱϽ𲧸ײ˳ȥѪ
ǱߣһҺͻˣ¶˾ϲ֮ɫһֱԼݣ˴ίæʱָͷĺò˵Ŀⶼϵʱһ˵һذףֱһ˵ؿڣȻ˵жһǹ˵ͳΧЩ˿˻
һʱޱȻҡ
Ҳܿ췢ǵݡ
Իĵȥ˾
ԣˮʥ̵˼ȻҪңȻҵĵϸһóⱱͭǮʱһ۾ϳҵʵݣ£ֱ뿪˴˴Ǳ˹ȥһһ߻ֻҪϵ
ڴʱ֮ϵͻȻһѿһУüӴӵ˳ץסǵĽףЩֱϵ˵ϣֻҲһԡ
ЩüӸһ˷һƬźɱߺХ
ڹؼʱ̣ͻȻˡ
ôĹЩȫɵۣΣʱ̣ĸҲ˲ô绰ˣ׷׾еͻΧȥ
лмʮĺɮпЩķһӡĳȥй
ЩɮҲƵС˿Ҳȫ˳Щƶȥܿ㱻Ǹסͷ
Ǳ߽˼ǹܿ㱻ɮסˣеǹҲ˵ϡ
ڻûеЩԱߵʱҾéɽ壬ЩոձͭǮɱˣŪ˼ߺëʬʼЩƴֽǼɮѹȥ
ݵĶ̱֮󣬶Էɥʧһ֣ʣĶӲӣôöԸ
ɮʱȥЩסɮȫֱŽ꣬һ·ɱ˹ȥｫɮ˹Ȼһɨǧɮ˹ȥס֣˼
û¶ɣҿһ
οҵҸоЩһɣֻǵ˵ͷûжԡ
ǻɱ˵³ˣһɮ
Ȼ㣬ɣһɮ˵ţֱӴͷ˹ͷűʮӡ


1537 ý
ȥ̩һһϵͦãұװһ£˵ҾţǸһᣬֱ֣׹ͷ
ôһ㶣һ£ֵ˵Сģý
ýʲô
ӣٴһֻջһֻǷʬ߸˳
һշ䣬򣬳ͷ˹ȥ
ͷֱײ˻֮ϣͷĺɫ˲ͽסˣȻٵϨ𣬵ͷȴû˿ͣ٣߷˹
Ҷһͷۿ֮лкâէ֣һʮֲֿϢ˫۾˳
ʱһֱͻȻǰһһ˦֣һŶͷ˹ȥͷȴſֱͣӽĶ˽ȥ
ˣýܿµġҵֵ
Ȼʱȴһ֣һٰ˲ӭȥ̧־һʬߣֱӾһͷϡ
үģǧаֻҪ˷ʬߣи㲻飿
еͷʱӰ֮еҲɲˣͷۿ֮еɫʯͷʲôʯܹݸͷĶ
ոձ䣬һͷҲҷ˹Ҫſ³һڶһȥ顱һͷ͵˵ϣðһỤ̋˲ûϢ
ʲôͦаǰסһʬôһӡ
ɮһ׾ٵľ͸ɵŪýϵı־ŭǺܿʩչ˼һֲֶ֣С֪ô̩еĹΪӵ飬Ҽʶֶǰ⼸ȻСƣʮֵ壬ҽУֱӾͳ˹Һ˷ʬߣҪǰǼСʱ򣬴ӵһ࣬ͻȻɹһƬɺɷֱסǼСȥ·ɺɷܿתǼСȫУʹ޷ѳ
ȹæˣ⼸СȵĲˣ˵ʰǿҪһ򣬵ӵеġ
ǵýɮѾ޷ˣȻֳһĹʱŵû˵Ӳƴ
Ȼĺ̩Щ̫һȻĵΪһЩӱȽϺƵĹΪԼʵһƳĹﶼȽƽͣԲɱ޹ȺҢƵĹū̩ŪĹͱȽϲˣЩСǰ޾ĥʹ֮ȥԹ󣬲ܱޱ硣
һ̩ƵĹﶼǲܱȵģΨһɵǵķɢ
ãȾרԸЩģʵɵĺܣСһ
ɮܿûôףǸոܳȥ֮ұ߶˲ľ֮ǽµĲľֱӽǵĽŲӸסˣұһٰ˲ٴǵߣ˵ͷһ˹ȥҿǺɮһȹǣֱӼסҵĽ꣬ҺܿһƳ˹ȥǺɮһƣȴĵĿѪ˵ϣȻһն˹ȥԴķ
ȥʰһɮʱ򣬷СӴóҩۣŵϲĲľ˹ȥЩҩ۶ЩľʮǿĶãգۼĹЩĲݾȫήȥ
ʱӵϼһѳ׷ŸղߵĺɮȥֱӶסȥ·
ֶβҲֻԵģȻżλƺǸɮѷһ
ӲУܿͱ˹ȥǺɮн˹Ϳ˼ǺɮĹƱƵĲϺˣֱ׳˽꣬ʹ˼ߵӦӲϾóͭǮٴ
ɮͲңһҲ͸ҹ߰еӣұһͭǮ󣬽ǻ˼ʮöͭǮȫϴ˹ȥ
ǺɮϱͭǮ˵ϣΣǻˡ
Ǽһʬ壬˹һϲ֮ɫҪ˵ЩʲôʱͻȻ俴ǱͭǮĺɮ̧һֻ֣˦һ


1538 ˽ͷ
ǺɮʮöͭǮ壬ΪѾأû뵽Ȼܷ
һһСģ
һѽקһԣ˳㳯ǺɮĿѴ˹ȥ
һգ۵ĹǼһİһ˹ȥҵĸ첲һӣʱһɴʹеĽҲٵǺɮĿѣһġ
ǺɮѪ۾ɵԲأ૳˼֣ҡ㡭
̩ȻѧҲզأ⼸һܹġ
ðţеĽ͵ؿڽһ£Ǻɮһϡ顣
ΣǺɮһˡ
ɮӦ˵ΪȽϸߵģɱˣЩˮʥ̵ҲΧסǺëʬǹлײеļһԣҽɮɱͬʱЩɮҲȫŷ˵ϡ
ˣҸ첲ϻһӣæ߹һץסҵĸ첲
һͷһֻۣһ׳С˿ڣû˵ǣЦЦ˵ģֻһЩƤˣҩͺˡ
˵ţҴǬ˱ǽҩ˳˿ȥ
һסҵĶһ½Ҹ첲ϵ·˺һܴĻڡ
ֻǿһۣҵ졭ӡס첲ϵѪҺͨղǸɮ˽ͷ
һ˵ҵͷƤЩ飬붼û룬ָԼ첲͵˼£סѪͬʱ߶ǶҺӸӡ
ʱҲ˹ҿһۣСţʲôɵ³ʱ㶼ûˣô⼸Сɫǰһӡ
һʱ⣬˰㣬ģѾʱסˡ˵ţҳԼ˿ڿһۣ˿ڴѾΧƤѾЩںڷϡ
Щֹۡ
һֱҶ̫ԸЩ̩ĺɮʲôӴ͵͵ʹթ½ͷǧУȻһСɫС
ץҵĸ첲ü΢Щյ˵ղΪҲ˵ģղǸɮҪɱҵģҪҵһе˾ˡ
⽵ͷҼǵһɮй϶ýͷܲܰСŰ⽵ͷˣȻԹʵǺܹҵġ
ץҵĸ첲΢ԥһ£ȻһҺͻд飬ȻſС죬һҵ˿ϣⷬٶʱЩ࣬æʶһ㣬ӣǸɶ
ſ³һںѪҰʱѶһЩҪȻȶɢˣصģ㲻Ҫ㡭
⡭²̫ðɣЩִٵ˵
һүǣѪյͣﾭסһһôƯӣҪˡ
пҼüŪۣһЦ
Ƭ֮󣬻ԴЦ˵㿴ôҪҸѶ
һ뵽һүһľٶҾ;ýܲˡ
ҲûҽҺһ˶Ǿ鷳ˡ
һܲԸӡ
æ˻⣬˵ˣҶھˣǣҼүаٶֵʣŴ˼ҵĻЩһʲôв˵ܿл⣬ǰҾй־µĽͷҲܹס⽵ͷӡ
СţɱϷ⽵ͷɲģСͲˡѵ
˵ǰٶ֣ҲЩĵʵ
˺ˡ˵û¶û¶֮ҪЩʬ嶼£һöʦַŰѻոɾɱôˮʥ̵ˣӦúܿͻᷢԣǲҵһ˿֤ɱģҪȻǿ϶ܹܵ·ߡҳ
Ǻðɡе˵ͷҵʬ嶼£ˣǳʬ嶼Ū
˵ţбǸ£ٵӡ
ǱѾЩȫ£ˣɮųСҲͱȸ˸ɾһ֣ȺܹɵĻһɺɷǬ˱С
Ƭصʬ֮⣬ʣҺˣһңҾЩоպЩ̫һˡ


1539 ߾С
ҵЩܲڣҾЩΣҪſ˵ЩʲôһεգǱղšղŶлҡ
⻰һڣɫԵýߣԴȥ
Ұ˰֣Ц˵֮Ͷѣǻ˵ʵα뿪̩ҲЩⲻȥ㵲һôǳƽˣǷ
û̧ͷĿһۣúСǡԺԸһСŸ𣿡
ɶɶֻҪ˾ͺáҺٺһЦ
ҲҸоԽԽԾˣƺǶôһ˼ѵΪҾһΣ
ºڰŵŷɥͷͻȻЩ̫ϰߡ
ǺðɣԺͽСŸ硣Цŵ
ҵ˵ͷæת˻ǸϽɣȰЩʬ崦˵
˵գұתʼ£ЩǸɷڵصʬ塣
Щʬ岻٣жʮǰ࣬ԼʮӵĹ⾰ǲŽеʬ嶼£һǱ߻кǸ£Ҳܿ콫ϵʬȫ˹ֱӶѻһСɽʬѡ
ʱұ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳öʦ³Ԫ֮ЩʬʱȼҲһӵĹ⾰Щʬͻ˻ҽҷ
ŪЩ֮һЩģȻٴδ߶˲ľ֮Ȼ⸽ĻĲڸ򶷵ĺۼһж֪
һˮʥ̵ʬ嶼ҲЩ˾͵ƾʧһ㣬ˣʬҪͨЩ̽Ѱǵ٣϶Ͳôˡ
Щʬ嶼ʰ׵֮ĸ˿ٵ뿪һ·ֽۼĨɱȥ
ˮʥ̵ϵЩˣ϶ǱҪ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ǶԲģ׻˵ĺãɫͷһѵҲֲĺ
ص˳֮Ǹ¿쵽˸ʻҸһͬ˺ţҪ취ϵĽͷ
кܿҲҶôһ˼һЦ˵ӣǶǴأǧòһһԴ󷢣ҿɿƲס
˻һۣ϶ʱֳһĨ糺죬㿪ʼҵ˿ڡ
˵һʼҲû׵С˿ڣһҾ;˿ڴʹһܸоЩôأҸоЩϸСĳ
˵үȷаٶֵʣҲȷʵŴүʣһŴʱϡ˲٣ЩССģȻڻ£ǷǳĶЩסؼڵĲǶԵʣŷɥĴа֮һĽͷ
ƺͽͷʺпܾ޷
ڳϵһֱ취첲ϵĽͷҼӳóһЩͷȡһҩۣҵ˿֮ϣ۵ҲƺһȻָоʲôȥŪĻ
ҾٺˣϾҲľˣȥ˿ڣе⽵ͷӡ
ӳҹɫѸֳеСϷɳ۶
Сʱ֮󣬳̩ͣ߾һС֮еĴԺ档
֮³˵Ҫϵһˣֱ뿪̩ͨΡ
Ժ֮Уһ˿첽˽ȥǰһʮֺصţǳйɵ˼ţһǹĺӴţһ£ǹֱӶ׼ǣǸʲôġ
üͷһ
һ֣ǸӶʱǹֱӵԴĺһ㡣
ȻЩӦö¡
ҲƤߣԼˣҲ޷ֱֻͨ
ûǸˣǾֱ˽ȥ
֮ҺͻжЩоطͨڡ
Ĵ֮£һȻ˸䣬ִţҺͻԵƬ̣ȥ˵һ
˵ţֽһ䣬սȥұ洫˺ö˵ڹĺ㡣
üһŮ˹ǿƣЩ׳ĺӣһŵĸƵġ
ֻȻʧ֮УоڼСʱ֮䣬ｿߵһĻ˻þ


1540 Խ
طҲ֪ģ֪ЩǸʲôģҺͻд忴һִۣ˴䱸ɭϣ˶ǹеҺͻվĿյкü˳߾ĿЩ˵඼ʮ׶ϴɱģϿ϶մѪȣ϶ǸʲôӪľˡ
ҺͻУʱС̸Ҳ֪ôˣûаȫĵִΣϣڰϲֳ˵ӦҲᣬǱ߶һȺүǣҲȫģߣһ椣ԵЩҡβΪԵʣҲͰȫִ˴ˡ
ſڵ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰˳ɫЩأҺͻеǾͳͨһ;Խ̩εĹߣεһаǻϾͰȫˣʱȫԸǷֿԼԽֱԽϣʵܱǵִԽӦʮס
ҵ˵ͷʾ˸лʱǼĻͻȻЦӣҪҪһȥСɻûȢϱأСŻȥ˵ֱӾͰȢء
˻һڣɫһ죬ݺݵһ˫ϻһۣȻתͷȥ˵Ҫ׼һЩװ
һعͷϻһۣõϻѾܲһ̩öҪŪȥȢȢ
ȻˣɵӶܿСӢ۾Ӷüȥģ϶ǿˣ˵ھһϹ쿿æҲǰ취ֶߣvˣͽӸ˰ɣӻǰ͹̣Ƥѩףص̩һһأ˵ţϻҼüŪۣһǷģ
ѾĵǲǺУôôأεҡҡͷỨС
ЦǼֱˡ
ֹƬ̣ٴ۷˷ֱһװ
Ҫ·ǹе·ԲʣҰսӴĲࡣ
ʱŸǽ͵Щҵ£רƷģҪδһÿԴ뿪ȻȻ룬ͨһЩѾ˺üˣһֱûгʲô⣬ξ͸һ뿪ɡ
ܺãллӴԺǾˣʲôѴֱӸҴкǣһ岻ݴǡɫ
΢΢һͷ֮Ƭ֮֮ǰӦǵģҪ͵ǱߣһΣұҪ۷ôǾ߰ɣȥ·
ҺϻӦһнӹ·һ䷿ӣٵĽͷ
ͲԼģ»·֮һվӣԼϲԼˣһ涼ϲ˭
׵ģ϶ɶⶼûС
ǱߵĶܿ죬ڵõķԸ֮󣬿ٵתԼʮ֮е˶ۼСԺ֮С
ɨһֶۣԷʮˣȫװоƵġ
ÿ˵ĺ涼һİ
Һͻһ𣬸ǽ˵СѾű߾ߺܽˣҪڽͽԽһƬ֣ȻﵽεĹڣ˺ҹʱֱӾڴжɹҹˡ
·;ܳǿҪߺüܵεİ
ЩǶ׼ЩңĲ࣬ԭʼɭʮïܣЩطʲôͨ߶ãҪ˫Ȳ߳ȥ
ʰ׵֮ҲûкȻһ·ʻһʮƫƧϡٵĴׯ֮УطҲŵ㣬Ȼһʮˣͽǰ߰·̣̤һƬããԭʼɭ֮С
ǰһ·ǱȽϤ·ΣԲԲŸҹߣһξڣȫһˣ˵Ӷʮֶ࣬ӱȲӬĸͷҧһڣ׳ȭͷôһ񣬺ü춼ˣԣȻȵ˶ʮʵֻ¶һ˫۾
Щط죬϶߹
һʮƯŮܹ쵽زҲ̫ˡ
һˣƲһ·첽УСʱ֮㴩Խ˹ߣξڵԭʼɭ֣ʱͻȻоЩǺɮð˵˿ڣһֱʹҸоҵȵԼһԼԴоЩ̣ǵظð֢״
ʣڳˣϲᷢҸоǺɮµĽͷƺЩƲסӿˡ


1541 
ϵĲʣʼ·Щҡҡ׹Ҳûи˵ǵҵǺֻа֮еסԼŵһ֮ұ߶ӡڵħϴˢǺɮµĽͷ˵ܹڵĽͷֱĨɱ
ڣԽ̫ϱ߾֮ïܵĴ֮һСʱĹ⾰˸˵ǰ治ˣܻΣգֱҸطӪկ
Ӧһͷһ֮󣬱˵ͷЩ˸ȥ׼ˡ
Щ϶źң򿪰֮󣬸Խ񶼴ûǶ֣ЩȫŪˡ
СʱĹЩ˾ͽȫˣһһ಻١
ôʱ·ڵĽͷļûüԣұǴһк˵ˣȥϢһ
˸ѲҹְֵأҲòҺͻС
һЩģ˳㽫ȸٻ˳߾裬ͨĹע۲췽Բ֮ڵĶһʲôԾĵطҲԿٵӦԵİ취
صԼ֮Уұ⿪еķӡͷųʼϴˢҵ澭ܲܽǺɮڵĽͷȥ
ȻҸոսǲľ֮ͷųʱ򣬶ʱ;ԴˡһҪըһո澭еĲľ֮ܵ˼ĵִͻȻ;ûͣ巢ͣԴҲЩԺ
⽵ͷ޷ħгˢãһо˶Ҫˡ
ҸоһĪаҴܣ´ʹҪѿһޱߵû亹ӽԵ˵ϡ
ʶʼĻ粻ʱҸоһ˫̽˹˫ʮӯĺûйͷĦǰʣƺи߽ңıסҵӡ
Ϲ̵һҵĻоһξҵԺֳЦݣ˵СŸ磬㱧ңұ㱧
Ǹڻ΢΢ôҪǻһ̣еѪ壬Щ޷Գ֣Ҳ֪ʲôǸоƼսڲԭϷɳۣ˵ѡ
ڷѪڱӿڴսĺŽǣսһ·ۡ
սƼɳۣԵأһǰ
һ̣ҸоԼûҸԭڵĽͷҵʹĸоҲѵˡ
һһεģҳھ⡣
ڣһг䶨ҵ建ĴƲн䣬һûйƣнûҵʶҲٵ׹䡣
ҺһΣһʮΡ
һһ˾ߵξ
ǵ̫˵ԵʰɣŻһΣ
顭ҳл޷԰εʱͻȻҵһȻ۾Ȼӡ
ǵ֮ͻȻһ⣬꣬ôûд·
ǣƿֿ̺һ£ȥڿ㶼ˡ
ʲôҼǵҽʱǴ·ġ
ѲҸûΣʵʵ飿
뵽ͷһ
СţϽˣ춼ˣҪ·ǡ洫˻е
ҡ֪ˡԵһ£ϳ
Щִٵ˵ţǵЩ£ϸȥϵʱ򣬿ԴһŽʲô벻ˡ
үģϾʲô
һţһȥҵ·ҵ·ӵĵǣһĶȻϡ
ȥһԵǬ˱ң׼ʱͻȻ䷢Ǭ˱ʲôһһŵֽ
ҴһһŮ˵ıʼּʮ㣬дĶ̩ģһʱҲס
ϸȥоʱ򣬻ٴ񣬲ϵĴߴңҲûȥǷˣֱ˿ڴ׼ȥ
ڳȥʱͻȻ־ЩҵһζŮϲŻеζ
ԽԽòԾôĵôˣ
ţұ񣬿վŵĻУһˬ˵ëأ㿴ⶼˣһȺ˾͵Լϸʲôˣ
˵ţлҵһۡ
ͻȻû˵æûûʲôѽ


1542 齵
˵ͻȻһЦ˵СţҸоЩ̫أǲõ̫ڿ죬ЩԲɣ
𳶵ϽģѾĲҪŸ·𣿿߰ɡҴߴŻԴҴʱ״̬
Խ㣬Խ˻еľ裬ֳ￴һۣڷʲôƵģܿ̽ͷüͷ԰ԡ϶⣬ôһζ񡭡񡭡
˵ţԼԴһʱ벻ˣţǹƵģҴ˹űӾţæƵһߣүģÿȮզأôƵġ
СţţҾҲζԴϴգһϽ
ǱߣЩѾȫʰ׵ϣȻһģ˹֪ͨҪ뿪ˡ
೤ʮ׶񣬵ǶȴʮֵĿ˵ʱԴţЩҿǡ
ɨһڳˣΨûзǵͷأ
˿˵һСʱ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣ˵ҪذţҸλ˵һ˵лỹϣܹȥͣһд
ǲǶͻȻһֿĸоȻʧ
ദû೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôָо
ԼУҺʲôϡɶ˲ɣ
ҪȻҵǬ˱ôһ̩дأ
űȻҵġ
һ뵽ҲЩࡣ
ȴţЩԹֵ˵ӣôҲ˵һ̫˼ˣһһֱŸأȻˣǾ˰ɡ
л˻֣תǰȥ
һ£Ҳȥ
һߣһӾڻϵ飬Ǻûʲô̫ӡֻǵһЩʵƬΣʲô˶ֲ
ΨһǵõǣʱǺɮµĽͷұ÷ӡڵеħǽͷѹȥϲŸոտʼûãܵ˺ܴų⣬෴ЧȻԺ˺ܾã˸Σ˯˸ŮŮʱҲҵԺﲻϵ֡
һҹȥ۵ҲУ徭ˡ
ʬһڶǰߣüҶ뽫ǷŸ𿪿ǻСһֱߣû˼򿪿
еûŵģ¶Ҫ֪ˣҪŪǷ꣬˽֪Ҳûˡ
Ҳ̫ȷǼǲķˣ϶Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸡
ڣҵһᣬܵǰ棬һ§żʱҲ͵͵ĽǷŸ˳ϸĿ
˵ʵ̩ѧЩţͻѵһڣˮƽޣ㿴˺ü飬ſ˴˼
ŵȷдģЩ˵СŸ磬ĳƺҲԭҵĲǶ𣬵ŵʱѾ˱۵·ϣڿ϶֣ϵĽͷΪʲôôĽ⿪˰ɣʵ㱻˽ͷһ̣Ҿ֪еʲôͷһ̩еĺɮõĽͷֽ齵齵Ȼȴʮֲֿ齵֮ʱһѪȫѪܱѶ״ʮҡ
ֽͷҪ⿪ֻһ취ǾڶʮСʱ֮ڣҵһ֮ܽ˵Ůӣ׳֮Ѫܳ׽⿪齵ҪȻֻ·һȱһɡ
ʱ㿴϶룬Ůˣôܻһӣ϶˽ҵһЩ飬ɱҵĵһˣȡλãͷλãҵĵһҲɱҵĸףɱҲΪĸױѣûеõңΪҸһʱҾѾ˽ͷһеĲҵ
СŸ磬ҵһˣҲڣҲκ鷳ϾҲȵģҪͦҿ϶Ѿ˺ˮʥ̵Щ˵ϣ㲻öκεΣⶼԼԸģҲ֪Ůˣ϶ס㣬ҲκεκεֻϣСŸܹȫ뿪صǵĹȣమŮһϣڽһŮӵ֣϶ǶСŸʮҪŮˡ


1543 СŮ
ҵСѾѡ
Ŷҵ𺳳̶ȣ׺䶥
ҵԴһε죬оЩһʱ仹Щܲˡ
ԭϾȻô顣
һ¿ȥ
ֲˣдСŸ磬Ⱳӿ϶ǲټˣֻԶΪԸһжãֻϣСŸԺܹʱһŮˣֽ
֣дˡ
֮ҵӻԺҽǷϸĵãŽǬ˱֮Уþ޷ƽ
Ҳ˵Ϻ˯ˣ
¶ֵģҵʱԺģҲûʲô̫ĸо벻Щڡ
ʲôﶼ޷Ҵʱ飬˸ָӵ
ʮ־ᣬ˵ʵ㵽ֵزľҿǷܶࡣ
һʼһϵûУǸʶȫҪҵټҲͨһЩǿӲֶΣŴеõϢԴΪ϶ûٵ£ںǺ˽ܿҪǣֻɵͷϣ취뿪̩
һֱǴһֱľ棬챻ˮʥ̵۸ҲΪǶҵʱֻǾв̣Υ壬Ҳû̫ࡣ
ĿеҲ治Ƕã˳ƯƤ𪣬Щ̫̩֮⣬ҵӡ׺ݣ̣⻹Щ˵顣
ΪҼɱˣǺƤգһµġ
ͨţҳ׵Ķı뷨ԭǿƵͷֻǰǿƣףһСŮˣԼİǰСˡ
ţҶʲô
һ¶ҾƵĺܡ
û뵽һ̩˽ʮϴиˡ
ﱻǺɮµĽͷˣͨһٶ˵ķʽ
ʱѾоκε쳣Ϊϵһ֮Ҳָ״̬
Ψһõľǣо·΢еƮƮġ
šϾʲô״̬֮¶ܸⷬģ
һֱڻζ飬˵ĽŲããȴлС
ȴ֮ʮգпɥҪطĶЩ࣬Ͳıʲôҧһڣʱɥһ·ϲ񣬺üζӦҪȻ³ܲҡ
ڲϵͷߵʱһһ£Լʲôʱ߳Ƭ֡
ǸʮֵĿȻǱ⽻ʱش˵ҪƬͽ߳ȥȻǴȥεĳаʱҪȥһ߳Ƭ֣ǱɸǷֿԼ߶ԣǰźһ·ߣܹĵִԽϣԽ֮󣬺ˮʥǱߵͻ˵һЩʱ򣬾ֻԼ취ˡ
ҵ˵ͷʾ֪Ǹ¸˵һЩǰ·ߡ
˵ĵطһЩεƫƧڣҴεԽϻҪԽһƬ֣ࡣ
˵ֵطҺͻ˵Ҳʲôѵ飬ЩߣǶܳƬӡ
ҲϤ̵ֻߡ
֪Уһ·ֺǸһֱһյأӪկ
ȴ֮УҪȰհٱͽ棬Σ̫ˣҺͻҲա
֮ͣȼһ˵
Щ¶ȻܿȴǶǴһЩ֮ģǲ˵ĻҲǴ·ԵЩơ
Զʱ򣬻ִ˹ҽզˣôоǻ겻ӣǲǿǴȵˣ˼һߣЩ᲻ˡ
ǷļһҲ˼죬ת˻⣬˵ǡ
Ҳ֪ôˣǲҲһ㣬ѾƬ֮УǷλͬˡ
ҽֻ˳ҪչϵһţһźŶûУͷ
˵ұԼ֮У˳㽫Сȸٻ˳
ҽѾͷٻ֪һ飬Ҹ֮䣬ɶɶʱСѾͷ֪֪
ȱҷų֮ԵʮֹɣһĿңСȣǸʱ֪𣿡
ҵȻ֪


1544 ·
Ѿͷһ벻ӣҾЩЩõ˵ȣҪ㻤סҵȫʱôס
ȾС죬Щί˵СŸ硭סˣ˵ˣأҽεĻͻȲСŸԾˡ
һ£ҲƵģֵϣСŸ㿴ȥĲĺأö˶˵ģһӾԵ˵ϣð۵ӣҲûа취㣬ֻˡ˺ܺõģ·ˣůӡСŸ̫ˣȻ㣬ˤӣ㶼ˣҲҿ޳
˵һŵ亹æһƣСһ
ЩҪûը˲ɡ
СѾͷҲǵģȻȫ̶ڿţٶ˵Ļ棬СȵĳɳҲˡ
û룬СѾͷˣ˵СŸ硭˵ģһֱڴ򡭡
úúá˵ˣ綼֪ˣԸǸģϽȥҹһʲôԵĵطǵҪҡ
ǺðɡСŸ磬һҪǸŶԺܶǸӡֵ
Ұ˰֣ʾѾͷϽߣ˳㻹Свһ£˵ȣ鲻ܸκˣ˭˵֪𣿡
ʲô鰡һ̬ʵ
ǡǡϸһ£˵飬ܸκ˵ûУ㻨үֵ
ðɣ֪ˡȵ˵ͷٴλһɺɷҵƮ˳ȥ
֮һԺﻹĵεΣԴϷǼ֮ӰһֱԺɢȥ
ͬʱһһ飬үģҵʱΪʲôӾͲأ
һʶҲð
һ¶һֿĸоѪҺͨӿࡣ
У۲¶ˣøϽҪȻһϱ˯ˡ
Ǻ֮У㿪ʼ˴ԼһСʱĹ򣬲Լƽľ졣
ΣҵúúĥĥʦڸҵһƷƷƣʮǿ󣬸һĻǼֱ޵ˡ
ҵþֶΣԼӲʵ
Խ̤ߵȦԽãԽǾˮ̫ԼΪϵߣܾԼʵԽԽǿ⡣
Щȣһкܳܳһ·ҪߣұҪԼǿС
һе״̬ȫ˾⡣
˵ڶһ磬ʱˬҲپʹˡ
ˣҺͻмЩº棬ïܵȴд
һ죬߳Ƭټȴ֣⼸һû
ͣ涾ɣиֶޣֱ˿಻ԣʱ򻹿籩꣬ģ֮Ǹֲྲ
ڴʱ򣬶ҲЩôΪʦڸҵ״ƱҪЩ⣬̺ڵ֮Уʱ£ܹƵǿͷų
ʱңΪͻͽʱһЩƾԼеӣˮɣڸո߳ƬïܵȴֵʱҸоԼѾס˴ƵһЩš
뿪Ƭȴ֣ЩԵʮ˷ܣס
ҺͻҲʮָˣΪ˵ĸо
ôģɶҲ˵ˣ治˹ģ̫ˡ
⼸ദǸЩҲԽһЩ顣
߳Ƭȴ֮βԶһׯǰЪЪţȺ˵УһСӳģĪ̵ļһ飬ҪҪһǰȥȻǿԴӰ취뿪ȥԽϡ
ϸһ£ҺͻжЩס
ݣ˭һ˭͵ùٴαˮʥ̵˸ˣЩ¿϶һɣԣҺͻо뿪
ֱʱЩ·׷׹ӵȻǱֱ뿪ǡ
Һͻǰõ·ߣԽϽ
һ·֮ϣ·;ңԶҺͻеѾ˸ģһƲʲôߣҲĿŵߴǼһ·С·ǰС
߽ҪСĽڽϴʱԽľͻԽϸⶼǽ顣


1545 ɽЪ
Щ·ֿ֮Һͻмԭļƻ·
һ·֮ϣҲʶ˲βٷ飬Ҫ˵ӡģǾֻһ֡
ĳУҸоҲ൱ڻߵһСǣĶ죬Һͻ˺ü죬ûпһ·˰죬һصĻһʣ֪Ҹû·
ƶ̫ˣһ·ϼ˶оЩƼݣԲƵģ·ҲЩƮƮĸо
ֵһǣҵɭָʮҸоһ붼ɭ֣һнžϴһƬӣȻһǣһһһƬһƬ϶ʲôɳ
Ȼǻĸоʮְݡ
õ·ߣһ·εİũӰ͡סֻҪεĳУ󲿷ֶԡࡱֿͷģҲ֪еûʲô˵
һ·Ҳʮ̫ƽûʲôˮʥ̵ˡ
ŷС˷̣̩һǷ󲿷ֵ˻ʮģǿ˵֮б˽һ
ڼ䣬Ҳֻͨϵһ£źȻеǼ򵥹ͨһ£ӵ绰һ˵ҲѾȫִΣһҲǴԽһƬȴ֣˺ü죬ǽһ
ʵԴҷǼ䲻֮ҾͶ׵ķˣˣ϶ҵˣʲôУǡ
һȫġ
ܹȫִΣҲҵ֮С
һҪҪһ𣬴һһ취ȥԽϣ뷨ҷˡ
ҾǻǷֿһЩĺãĿ겢ԣˮʥ̵Ҳͷ
Һͻ˼죬ߵͷˣ֮ǰÿ˶һƤߣһֱĺúõģƤֻ֧죬ʱ֮Ƥ߾Ͳ̫ˣţƤѢƵģ䣬ŪǸһ
̩ǱߵǱȻߵĲ࣬˼Ƥŵ߿޴εʹãҲûֹλȥ֮󣬿϶ѦСߣƤٸǶƤ߳Ҳܾá
ҺͻĹ⾰Խϴһط
ЩһֱһأȫƫƧĵطߣˣ·ҲһЩˣЩ˶ߣǻ˵˿ʱ򻹻ȥЩ˵ֱԷӵĻһȭź
һЩˣҺͻжԶԶģâ
ˣӵΣһӲˮʥ̵ħץǱҪСССġ
ۿһ죬ڶܴһƬֱȥԽˡ
һ죬Һͻһʮƶɽ֮У˲࣬оҲмʮˡ
ģûᣬС·ûУЩкӶʮˣƨܣǵķҲоһֱӷ֡
һ·ǶǶأ˵ʵЩûкúϢҲûϴ衣
ⲻɾļһﶼܲˣ˵ôƫƧԲʮ֮ڶû˼ңǽϾЪЪţҸطú˯һϴˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻ڲϵһģҿҲ̡
ҿŴӹģԲʮȷʵûʲô˼ңСȸҹĻһӦҲûɶ⡣
ʵҲЩܲˣˮ裬̹̹˯һ
ҸôһֱӾ߽˴
룬Ϊôһϣǳһ¡
ϻ֮Ǳҵ˴һҿȥ㲻˼ңֱȥ
һţڴˣŵһȥʮҵĺӣһʮơ
һ˵εصԣҺͻж
ҲͣĸȻ˵һ̩˵ǹģҪһϣҲסǮ
û룬һ˵̩ԷҲܹ˵ͷ˽
Һͻһϲæ˽ȥǬ˱óһ̩ݸǸˡ
ǸһҸôǮʱ۾ŹˣʱĿޱȣ˵ǹͣҪ׼
Ǳʾл⣬˵Ժ
Ƭ֮Ҳŷ֣ﻹһˣһʮɣǺЦҺͻҲ˵ͷǴк


1546 ˾
ҺͻЩִٵԺһԼаСʱҵĹ⾰۷˻ʳԺϰ˿
ǣ꺺ӾȻ˼ƿơƣεԼģ涼ε֣Ҳ
û뵽磬·ϣǻܺȵơƣһ¶
˾֮⣬һЩˣռ㡢СץŴ׷
ⷹҲ̫ʢһЩǵ֮⡣
Щ죬ҺͻжǳԵǬ˱ĴЩϰװĶԵĶθˣȻ俴ôóԵģҺͻиҶĲ˳벻ʵĴǴôĺóԵģ
ǮǸˣģһ̩ЩԵģǴ´ࡣ
ҲǶĺˣҺͻл治±ֱ֣ԴơƿһԺȸƿ
ǳԶʱҷ궼һֱվ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
꣬Զһֱֱ̿ˮģǿˡ
˻һ£Сһзơƿ꿴һۣٺһЦҲ۵Ŀ֮顣
ұ˵壬ǿ϶ҲûгԷɣҪȻһԵ
֣˵ǹͣǳԾͺˣѾԹˡ
Ǵ˵⻰ʱ۾һֱû뿪ϵķˣҲźݺһĭ
Щȥˣкһԣʢ֮£Ƕ˲ӣһ
û룬λǻͣһԵǽһʹ졣
ԣķ㹻ҲǹԵģҪץȷࡣ
ŵʱǿҵķӱЩ仧һЩҲòȥʵҲͦѵģĳʳѰҲ᲻óԵġ
˵ߵĳʳζ治ȻȾĺܡ
ڳԷʱǾһе֪ӵĶӣĸڼǰȥˣүΪʱȥ̩깤Զ̩ﻹϤܹǽн
Ҳ֪ǵ֣׵ֽάǣӵֽЩƿڣҲ̫⣬ϾסһϣǾʹԽֱ֣Խ϶ȥˡ
ڼ䣬άҲʹôطֻøһѣ˵⣬·
άǱǲġ
Щ⣬ֱ׵ĸ˵ǲƷģΣʢڣܶطֲǴҲУ˹չǮĶܵͣǻϾʳԵġ
ʵҲʲôܺõɣұ˵ġ
άԵʮָˣ˵ǹֲóô£˵ⶫ˵֮ܶǮûȤһ˵ӺܶµģɻҲ
Һͻ䣬˵ҲǴ򹤵ģǻȥϴʻղСܡ
һͨҲûʲôҪ
Ա֮ұûиɾˮϴ衣
άʮ飬ϷԸȥˮϴ衣
㷹ϴ˸ˮ裬άǱʰһ䷿Ȼªǿȥɨĺϸ㲻
Һͻн֮󣬱£Ĵ˯һ
Уû˼ˣ⼸Ψһ˯һ̤ʵ
ĸɲݴϣҺܿԺ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻ䣬ұһ˫СָҡˣҸоϴͷ
۾֮󣬲ŷߣСѾͷЩ˵СŸ硭Ѱɡ˳߹ˡ
ȵĻҶʱһ飬æӴ
һԵĻҲѵĺܣһ
үģǶصôεģˮʥô˹үƳʲô˰ɣԲ͵͵ˮʥ̱šг
Ҹо̫ܣүȥʵҵ
֪֪治֪ģǸϽܰɣ˵ز˾з𣬳ſȥ
һ֣û΢ȵȣұٴȵСȣĵʲôˣԼж٣
ȱ۾ܿٴ˵˲࣬ʮҲߣ϶ǹ˷ӸΧˣСŸ磬߲ߣ
ϻûУС˵ߣҸоӦòǺˮʥ̵ˡҵ


1547 
ȥǺˮʥ̵ҲˣǸϽ߰ɣǺòײٸˡЩ˵
Ҹ˵յԶԶͻȻ˼ǹ죬һ
Ҳܲˣһܻøܸ棬ʲôϾҪˡҸе
Һͻ鵽ܲܵʱű㱻ˡ顱õɽһ㣬ǹȥţάֱӾʹ˽λˡǡǸϽȥɡ˵ˣŪҪġ
ˣɻ֪ʲô
Һͻһ±Ƶʱάֱǰһѽٴδߴٵߡߣٲ߾ˣҴȥɽһ¡
ά˵ôأҺͻҲҵ飬æάǱӣſڣѾʰ׵ϻһһĽš
ҺͻбҴҵĸǸӶ˱ԺӣŴӵͷ˹ȥһ·֮ϣɹ˻ֲ̿ѣĩվҪһ㣬Сޣ֣Ҳѡ
ڴƵ·֮Ͽ첽УҲûüһ˵ʲô
ѲǱȺˮʥ̻ҪֲĴڣ
Ӳ󣬺ܿһ˱˴ӣŴӺɽֱܶȥ
룬ǻûеɽ֮УȫװļһԴһһ궷Ƶģ˵ֱӾͿǹӵǵǰðһŰ̡
ȥôͣͿǹҲʸס
ҺͻǼʶˣǹŲǣǸӶһӵԼߣʱŵֱſ˵ϣ˫֣ɪɪ
ҲûиʲôҺͻҲ˴˻һɫȲҪ֣˵
ǣҺͻбѧǸӶ˵ģֱſڵϣ˫֣һ׸ģ
ʱǹ˳Ǳ˹ߴ˵һͨʮ׺ݣ˵ĺεԣҺͻж
ţߵߣŵϹŵǸ˺ݺݵһţǸӶ˱վ
ǵĽǵϣҺͻкܿæͷЦЩ˿ʵǽžûǵϡ
һԵԵЩƣɫʱۿžҪ֣ʱ򣬴ǰ˺üȫװĺӣҡҡͷ֡
Щզզϵеǹǵĺʾǰԭ·۷ȥҲǻصǸղǸ
ǺǱ㱻ЩȫװļһѺţ»ص˴֮С
ٴλʱ򣬷ִѾҵĲˣʱһաǹ죬мӶˡ
үģЩ˸ëʲô·
صʱ򣬻ʬѪ֮У˿ЩӦòʲô·ɱ˲գ۰
ܿ죬ǱЩѺ˴ӵĶͷڶͷһƬĿյϣʱѾѺ˺öˣԼ߰ʮŮ٣һֲѣɢҵվţڴܣΧʮ궷Ƶĺӣ֣׵ĲҪҪġ
ҸоеӦöۼ
УһͷͷģĺӣͿиʮ꣬Ʋֺļһվ˳ߴ˵˺һͨҺͻжû
ǺάǸӶվһģұСάǵ壬ЩǸİ
άǿ־ĿЩһۣСĸ˵ǡǹ˵ģһġ
һ㶣ôһأ
Ƭ֮ҲάǴ˵ǶɣҲ˵Щ˵εصĴ֯ˡ
ҵ˵ͷʾ֪άǱָ˵εһǿװ֯εԿιҪӴץ׳ģǵĹˣȥ̵ģ˳⡭Ǽ˺ΣգʱɥûҪǡ
ǰֺ˵Ŀʱ򣬴ͻȻһ˳˳ȥԼٶȳŴȥ
˲ʮףѻǹͶ׼ˡ
šաһ죬ǼһĻȫǿۣܿ㵹Ѫ֮С
˻꣬һЩ˵ļһܶǣŴǹģЩһ֣ǹͳǾʬ˹ȥһ˺ҧѪ죬ⳡ棬ǹ̵ġ


1548 ûס
ǰǰֺϲ˵ţڸղܱǸüͷûһ¡
ҲûйǼһﳶҲ
ұ㿴˻УС˵ϻ¶զ죿
˵զ죿׳϶ҪץȥʲôˣǿͳˣΨһĳ·ǽȺȫſ£ǳû·
˵Щʱϻû¶Ƶģε̾Ϣүģ˵Ǹʲô飬һ·¶ޣ˺ü죬ò׵Խ߾һˣ˯ҹľͽǸ˳ҪǵʺôҲڶ
ϻ¶ǻأһʱˬˣЩ˵˶ɱˣûУ˵ô죿һ˻ȫǸˣɫ
üͷһ˵ͷ˵˵ҲǣЩ˵Ȼʲôö˻ҪΪǶҵˣҲ̡
һ£кʲôֵСţҪȻǾϴһһΣЩȫɱ֮󣬷һѻյĸɸɾһۼ£˭֪Щȥˣˣʬ
Щԥһʱ仹ò⣬ʱǰֺĻ궷ͻȻֹͣ˵Ȼһ֣˳˹Щߴ򣬴Ӵϳһ׳ˣЩ˴Լʮ굽ʮӣвӣһٶ򣬴ҲҷһԴǴȺ֮и˳
ȻЩ˵ҲҺͻС
֮󣬷ۿȥʣµĻȫ棬໴Ӥ
˿޿䣬źòҡ
һʣµҲֻһˣǿ׳ӶȥһЩСô
άЩˣʮ꣬Щ˵˵ûнĶȴվǵһ࣬ڷкᣬֱĿŸף۵
ĿԶڻľéɽĸĸ֮£иһָӵأ
ȥһͷ¿ꡣ
ҲץˣҰֲû
ڣҺͻлЩ£ò⣬׸ô顣
ʱǰֺֿʼ˵ˣȻŴʣ²ЩָָܿǰӴ˵ŮӣЩŮ˶ʮᣬСҲʮ꣬Ҳʮ
һ˾ͲܵˣܿǰסһŮݳ࣬ǰЩˣЩŮ
Щʮֱ꣬һԲϱˣ˵һͷƵʮˣһžͱһ궷˵ϣﶼѪˡ
үģЩһҲ̫ǶˣЩ̲סˡ
һҿ˻һۣСӵ۾Ѿˡ
Щ˽ǼŮ˺׳Ӷһ飬ǴɣҪǹѺ뿪ҪһӶȥ
һֱûô˵άǣһҪߣǱ׷֣Ҳ϶Ը뿪ԼĸףȺ
һ˴һеǹҪ
ʱһٰ˲ȥһ־ץס˵ǹԱһƫǹ͡աĿ˻ô˲ԶǼԼ˵ϡ
գۼĹЩ˾͵
ǹһ죬ȺʱЩ˵ȫңһĲ˼飬û뵽˻ôĵӣ顣
Ҷֵʱ򣬻ȻˣеϽһΣžǸֺϣֱӽǼһԴˡ
ͬʱֱӻһɺɷЩ˵֮䴩ɹȥĵطЩ˵˷׷׵أеǹҲ˵ϣһ°ĭǴһ㡣
Щ˸ͨ˵ΨһǹǶвĶһǵǹеˣǾǰϵ⣬ôô㡣
Ҳ˲ôˣĿɱάǸӶˣô˵ǶҲ֮
Ϊǿ˼޹һ㶯ֶΡ
Һͻлͬʱֵʱһ˲ľ֮õϵĻĲݿٵסЩ˽Ųӡ
һǵעͱɢˣǹ㱻øֶθڵء
ֵһ˵ǣάǵǸӴӵϼһǹͻȻ俪˻һ¾ʹ˺ü˵ˡ


1549 ʧȥϵ
һȺʱһţĴҴܣиͣ
ҺͻУոٴγȿϽĶ̶ˣһҲΪ׼ͷټϵϵĻĲٵסЩ˵ֽţ޷ǹҺͻбֱǰո
ʮбĹ˵ĳԱҲͲӵĹ⾰㱻Һͻлȶŵ˵ϡ
УǸСҲǹ˺ü
û뵽Сӣ˶ҲǺ
˵Щɱ֮ҲܵĲˣֻʣάǸӶ˻ɵ㶵վһ˼Ŀǡ
ҺͻûǣǽЩ˳Աʬȫ£һ飬Ȼų˶ʦ֣³һԪЩ˺ܿһɸɾ
ұͨľ֮߶Ĳϵĺۼȫջء
ЩǹеҲȫڻһͬڻȥ
Щ֮ǳάǺȥǸӶƺҺͻ˾֮ģ׷Сӻеǹ׼ǣ˵Ųǹȥ
άǴ壬Ǳ£ǲǴˣղǶǶ֣ȫΪ˾ǸӶˣǴԷģǲɱ޹ġϵ˵
άǿ˺һŲ㡭Ǹǹǲǣ˵ѡ
ǸʲôģǲùܣԺǿҲˣҲòһ䣬˵˺пٴҵǴӣҪ֪ǵǴӱɱģǴһˣǴþ뿪ߵԽԶԽáѵ
ȥأǵ뿪Լļ԰ǻġάǵ
߲ҲܣһұҪǣʲôǵ֪ʲôҪ˵ҪȻǻǳΣգСǿɲ𡣡ֵ
ǸӶһľᣬұ̽Ǭ˱ңóһƤ䣬ƤװĶԪǴӵ³Ǹׯ԰֮ѳġ
æǹ˨вǲҪٶҿҪǹˡ
СӣǹɣҪɱ㣬Ͳ֪˼ˣô˵ǶɱˣΪƾһǹвǣЦЦ˵
СӲɵԹԵİǹˡ
Ȼұ㽫һǮȫάǵĽűߣ˵ЩǮָǴˣϽҲΪɱ˹˵ˣ˶ɱǸϽ߰ɣ²˳١
άǸӣһʱɵˣôǮҹһӶûмЩ˼˵ǡˣզ죿
ͱˣǿ϶ܱԼϽ߰ɡҰ˰֣˵
άӣлȻһ˾Ϲ
ҺͻٻȣҪת뿪ʱͻȻһǹ졣
󣬵ҲҺͻһ亹ʶ䣬Աһ
ӣĿһֱͦͦĵѪ֮С
άǣĺϱȥһӵ˸ͷˡ
үģʲô˸ɵģ
ſ£Ҵ
ɵ㶵վŵѪеĸףȻЩ޷ܡ
СӱǹУæӵϼһʯͷϴȥСһ˵ϣ׵һɲǣһӵͷƤ˹˲ݵ֮ϣһų̡
ѻǹ׼ǾѻǹѾ֪˶ٴˣԲİ
ܿ죬æʶͨȣϽȥǸǹˣ˳㽫׽ס
ǹ˱Ȼǹ˵ˣֻصıȽһֱûзְˡ
ȵ죬Ҳֻܹ׷Ǹˡ
Ϊоѻ͵ϮǣֱӽϽ𲧳ͷһףȫ
ʱҲߵάǵԣʱҵһĻάǵ׶Ʒ˳ȥԽӶ˳˿϶ǻˡ
ĵ˸׵ߣһѽ䱧˻УѪմȾһŸףʹ顣
һĻǶģ鷢ˣ˭Ҳû뵽
أԵƬ̣ʼնûǹٴֻҪôŪǸǹˣҪôǸѾˡ
ʶȽйͨʱͻȻоҾȻʧȥϵ


1550 Ѫȷ
һҸȥϵʱһĶ
꣬ôܣȿǹڹ֮ǼƷˣ˭Ūסǵ³ּĸֲܶγһв
ɫ̫ãʵСţôˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôҸղȥ׷Ǹźǹˣ֮ͻȻϵˡЩ˵
Ҳһֵ˵үģɣĹõסǸҪôĻʰˣڵȵǽЩȫɵ
ǹȥɣһҪСģ˵иڡҸе
ӦһοҵСţģȲ¶ģСѾͷı±۶͸ȥ
ϻ֪Ҹ֮ĸ飬ԴҳһֱСҵߣҴûаһСһֱŮҪȻҵʱҲΪСѾͷһڤ֮أ˹Źء
ͻȻϵˣҪ˵żǲܵġ
Ҳ˲ñŸʬֹˣкһϽ뿪дҴҵĳȸղ׷ȥķ첽С
ʱǸǹ˾ڴȱǳ׷ģǵ׷һͻȻ˺ܶʬ壬ЩĺܲңȱȫصʬѪˮأЩȥˣϵ϶ˣŴһɵһ·ȥԼʮʬ壬̫ˡ
ʱǶԸЩ˵˵ʱЩ˾ʧ룬ȫŴȥ
ǶԸЩ˵˵ʱЩ˱ѣ֪Ǳʲôɱ
ʱһƬǸûй˼ɵ顣
һЩʬ壬ҺͻеɫɵȻ
˵˲ֻǸղһһڣЩ˵δ֪ȴҸԿӦǼɵǵʵ
ɱ˶ĴȫһֱԵΪ
ȱ׷Щ˵ʱͻȻʧȥϵ
ŵϵʬ壬Һͻ겻ѣɵöʼҼ˽꣬ǰ濪Ͻ𲧽
ʱǻ˴ӵͷǰûãҺͻȫס˽Ų
ΪҺϻоǰЩ쳣ǷǳǿҵĞų
оЩǷ󣬶һ˵ķ󣬶ҺͻжڷĴڶǺϤҪ˵óĻɣֻҪڣһ۾ƳеĶߣϧڣҺͻҲһĨڡ
Ǳ֮ⷨУԲŻʧȥϵ
ⷨĴڣǰϲǣ˵СȵİΣ϶ûʲô⣬ǶԷҲǺ׷ɱǣԲŻ᲼˷ס
СţǸ󰡣Ҷⶫһܲ취ⷨóóȻĴ˽ȥпܾͻᱻڷ֮Уɲ㡣е
ͷƤϸһ£˵ҲԷ̫ǼҴǱϴжԷĽ⣬šźӹ֮ţҴײȷʵпܴ֮УýѣмҴʬߣܹƳһаڣֻҪҵκһۣʬ߶ɷ֮ӶƳҪⷨ󣬱ҪвС
ǻʲôǽȥɡһ⼱Ƣһסҵĸ첲ֱӴ֮ⷨС
һ뷨̹ǵ
ԭ֮ȵҪ֮󣬶ʱһļƤҺͻͬʱһ
ȥ֮ⷨеľȫ磬ǰԭһƬããȴ֣ȥȴɵһƬоһƬޡ
𾪵ǣǺֻص˴ӵĶͷҲǴɵ֮С
ǸոմӴ˴ӵͷôֻص㣿
ⷨľ֮һпôʵȻȫǻǷճĶ
û뵽˲õķҲô
˿һ˸ղЩ˵˲һ·ЩӦöߣҪȻҲ㲻
ǰǴǰһƬȱȫʬ壬ɢŨŨѪζζôı档
ҶЩڽˣүģһƲˣǺпܾҪ֮ⷨС
пŵһνı飬ץϽ𲧣ҵǰ棬ŴﻺȥȻоǰûЩʬĸʱЩʬȴͻȻ˹


1551 ǻ
ڻе󣬿ķЩ鲼ĴʬĻ˹еĽŸո̤ЩʬķΧ֮ڣԱ߱мֳֻŻ̽˹ȥһ·ֱץס˻еףһû񣬱ǼֻĲ˲棬ãҽڻеһͺն˹ȥЩһһնϡ
ֲǣЩּǱҴնϣָͷʸ˻еϣЩʬҲܿ쳯߾£
мԴ죬ڵϲϵĹɭɭݲͣҧϣ˵졣
ôֲܽƬߵĸо
һĻҲϸԼôȫǻþʬ嶼ж˿ˣôأ
һ̣һֱ֣ӽиһѳ˹и˺󣬲϶˫ȣҪ˦ѵϲŵǼ֣ô˦˦ֻȥץĽģôѡ
ǰЩʬ鿪ʼҵ䶯˹Źֵ죬һͬӿ˹
ϻٴκȻ콣еĽߵܿ콫˳ȥǽʱǧӰɱʬ֮УЩʬ飬Ѫ
ĽĲˣһֱ㽫ٴǣ˻С
򣬻лڸϵЩֽϾһ£æˣȸҹȥҵ˵
з˵Ƕ֣ٴǰȥȻûԭǵЩ֫ϱͻȻٴ䶯һһε˲ȱȫʬ壬˹
һʱͻˣСšôô¶
þⶼǻþĿıֹǹȥģϻһأ϶岻ȥЩʬᷴ飬Ψһƽ֮Ǳ۾ЩþӰ죬һ·ܹȥЩͻ᲻ˡҵ
һȥզ죿Щŵ˵
ȹȥ㿴ҹȥˣٹô
ǻһȥɣʱⷨǸˣ˶ʧڷ֮У˴ûӦǲ鷳ˡе
Һͻб˴ס˶Էֱ֣ӱ۾һͳʬĴ·ϱ˹ȥ
ڱЩʬ;УҺͻжı۾ܹоЩʬ鳯ǷӵжϱץסҵȣʲôֱҧסǵĽѾӣоʮֲֿˣҺͻҲû۾ֻһ·
˴ԼһӵĹ⾰ͻȻ;ܵȻһգЩֹȥ·Ķȫûˡ
Һͻжͣ˽ŲãȻĹˣľʼһƬޡǰҲǿտյͷµʱ򣬷Һͻе϶źܶʱҺͻвɵóһ
ϣһжǻ󣬺Щʬ飬һЩĲѡ
Һͻиŵġ
˶ˣʵЩԻˣԺôڽϻ죿
ϵȫһ߳һ˵˵ôòԭǲ˺üȦүġ
ʰһ£ǰĿĵߣʱѾǬ˱нʬ߸˳ʼѰⷨۡ
ʵ÷ʬѰ۵ķʮּ򵥣ʬĩиСĸλʢǷʬ߾˸ƵԽ죬ŷʬ߲ת˼λ̽ڶһλãǸطʢһš
кһУ첽˹ȥǰ˼ʮľ룬ܿҵһŹֵĶһƬӲӳ֮УŨŨѪζý߿˻ĲݣǻĲм࣬βãӦþⷨһۡ
үģⷨҲǹаŵģȻ˵ֲۣôס
붼û룬ұ㽫Ǽ÷ʬɨһԣһ²֮С
ʬ߲µʱ򣬷ʬĩ˵Сһοʼҵ˸ܵĞųʱݣɷ֮ŷʬӿ롣
Լ֮󣬵ͻȻһգͻȻʮְЩȻʧʱҺͻٴγܿȥʱ򣬷ŴѾԶˣǴ˿̾ڴӶͷһƬյ֮С
ǰ治ԶҿʮźΧһɺɷϵתֻǿһۣұֱ˳ǵɺɷȻ
вɵһϲæкŻб˹ȥж˵Ͻ𲧣Щɫ˹ȥЩһ̺Ϸ𷨵Ͻ𲧣ܿɢȥ


1552 һʬ
һ֣еĽҲֶ֮ϵķתɱһҲƬ̣Щȵĺɫ㱻ն䣬ΪΡ
˵ϣ»ΣЩ˼˵СŸ硭Բû׷ǣǸ
û¶Ҫö˶˵ľͺãղŵʲôЩж٣ʵ
ȿһۣղһ·׷˹Ҫ׷Щ˵ʱͻȻطзˣȻмʮ׵Ĺסң޷Ȼ󡭡ȻЩ˾ˡɱһʬǰ桭ҲǲСɱһЩ
СѾͷΪĵػʮƣײȡԼմȾӦҢ˽̵ģһ˵ԼɱˣЩ˼
οû¶ɱɱˣЩҲʲôˣĺö˶ǱǸɱģɱǻ˺¶
ȵЩЦ⣬ŵüͷҲչ˿
˵ҺѰһʲô
Ҳ˵һˣһʮ궷ƵļһЩ˶ߣȫŻһ٣ǶЩֶεߡ
Щϵģǵ˴ʱ򣬿ҺͻڶԸЩ˵ļһǵֶʮҹӲƴԣǽ۷ȥɱ˴룬һаŵķȻɱάҺͻеע
ǵĿıҪҺͻڷ֮УҪǣȴû뵽ǵʱûйȥֻȹȥʰǡ
СҲǺǵģǶʱ佻֣һȸˡ
Щ˼ȶԸˣʰҺͻиǲܵ飬ǺЩ˱ǰ߶˷ǽȸ˷֮Уǳûѡ
ֲҵ޷ȡϵΪⷨԵʣ׶ķԸҺ֮ǲ΢ϵ
˵ߵķаɱô˵ģ֫ϱۣѪɣ˵ۣǱԵû࣬ƶľʯͷͭǮֽɳһˡ
ֻȷȷʵЧ׵ĺܣûзʬϣҪ߳Ҳô׵顣
˽˴֮ȱȥǸɱˣطԶ
ܿ죬ǱҵˣǸſڵϵģҽӷʱ򣬻һ
һҲǹҵģѪ˫ԲȫƤǺڵģ˾綾һűʮֿɲ
϶ϵɷڣŻҲ̶õģ
һʬȷûɶÿģҪųʦ֣˵ʬջʱ򣬻ȴֹңǾʬٴη˹ȥǡ
Ҳ֪иʲô۶ӣͻȻýħƽϵ·ˡ
ʱͻȻ䷢һ͸飬ͬҲǵһ
Ϊɱˣĺ󲱾һرһĿĶħֽħѮ
ֻкˮʥ̵ˣںŻħѮҲ˵ЩܵǺˮʥ̵ġ
ҲпǺˮʥεһ
ֲЩܹ˵š
ǷҺͻеټҲϳǾɱ˵³Щˡ
꣬¶ɴˣЩ֮󣬿϶ܶ۷һͬԸҺͻУʱҺͻҲܲˡ
ңһʶ·ߣ·谭ǵγɼв
ΪƴסһϣֳôӣҺͻһûڡ
ʶ֮ǾʬҲˣæкһȣǬ˱֮УҺͻ۷Ǹӡ
ǻȥʱ򣬴ﻹЩ˴඼뿪ĴɢŲҴңǿ϶Ҳ֪Щ˵֮󣬿϶ҹ·һ
ڴӶͷתһȦСѾںһӣ׸ˣڸ׵ķͷ߿޿䣬ھ޴ı֮С
СӸѧһЩ̩ܹм򵥵Ĺͨ£ұߴϽ뿪˵˺ܿҪ۷
һʼСӻͦᣬһǹ˵ҪɱЩ˵ˣǺһͨȰСӲŴӦ뿪ߵʱ򣬻ľһˮ


1553 Χ׷½
뿪ʱһһǮǮСӳȥ϶ʳǣЩǮҲǴӺˮʥ³Ĳ֮ƣҲۣҸЩǮνǾţ֮һë⻹ǡ
ô˵ǸӶҲжǣһٱסĵطҲûбסάǵ˵ʵҺϻЩԲס
ЩǮҲǱǵһǸ⡣
Ǯ֮ۿ춼ҪˣҲ˲ڲܽӵĹأֱһ˽ȥ
ȥ֮ұȳ̽ⷽԲ֮ڵһˮʥ̵ˣҲܹǰǱš
ǹˣҲ֪ʲôλã϶ׯˣǻȥ˹ҲҪһʱ䣬ǿ϶֣ܲǽΧ׷½ء
ڱƴľٶȣҺͻҪĴԽԽ߾һԽϣôĵطɣƾԾˣԽ߾֮ĴҲϴһƬ֮ǰƶϣҪ߳ȥҲҪĹ⾰棬һ㣬Щ˵ҪҵҲǶôס
ڣܹǰ䡣
һãã֣Һͻб㽡ɣƬ̲ҵ飬һܳʮ·ȻŷŻһЩٶȣǰС
ҲǱ˸ߵģƴϢ˴ϣô۶ӳ
Ҳûκκô˺ˮʥ̺͹˵עɺһǱߵѹͻ˺ܶ࣬Ǵ󲿷ֵעͻܵǵǣ
͸Ҳֻõһȥ롣
ããԭʼɭдУҲϤ·ʵҲûʲô·ѭֻҪһߵھˣֻҪһֱһߣҲ·
ͨˣתΣǼǱϴмһЩˮ֮ͨתơֲȫԱλһǲ÷
Һͻһ·ߣԼʱ֣Ҹо߳߰ʮ·ٶˣϾӲݴܲкܶ඾ޣʵǲ̫ߡ
ƽصĻĹʱ䣬Ҳж￪ˡ
ͷʢ̫ʱȱǬ˱棬Ȼǹ֮壬ҲĴ֮ŪþҪɢҲ֧ŵͷʵܵʱŶ
˵Ҳ֣Һͻһ߳ôԶһֱƽ˾ӰӶûмţѲɺˮʥ̵ûǻᴩԽԽ߾ֱԽ·
Ƭ̫һֱûǵټ
ˣҺͻҲҵģʱһЩһڴǰУͬʱųȫӦӵĶ
ҵûҵǵʱ򣬰̫ɽʱ򣬾ͳ飬ͷǰߵʱͻȻ͸оǰЩų˳˹
ЩԶЩ׼˻УҲӦһ¡
ܿ죬Ҳ˲ԣ˵СţǰˣֻԷҲǸ֣Ğų仯Ͽǵжˡ
ӦһȷһֱˣĲľïʢ棬ҲֻдеһƬӣˣͨԶľζǻǿ˻ټԷ˻١
ҺͻдϸȻߣǵһƹȥ
ҵ˵ͷͬĻе˵ǸӽϢŻ˽Ųӵı߼ߡ
ûеȵİЧͲ̫ܹ࣬ͨЩӦԲﷶΧ֮ڵ˵ϢҺͻҲֻܸӦһ֮ڣ΢һЩ裬ֱӾ͸һ棬鷳ɾʹȥˡ
һֱ·ľ룬оˣǱ˵С
ֻǰһ·֮󣬱ߵٴηΪһεĸӦǰˣһǸԷŲҴңƶĺܿ졣
ҺͻͬʱӦ˲æס˽Ų˴˿һۣ붼û룬æͷߡ
ֻһΣܵû֮ǰǰˣҺͻеͷһ̣ͻȻ˼УȻһ죬һȺǹ׷˹
ȥԷǹȽģȻùѰǣɵЩĻζһֱ׷ܵҲӲǵ׷١


1554 ʳ
Щ֮ԼӿٶȳǱ϶ŵǵϢ
޵޴ӡ
СţŪЩҪȻǿ϶Ӳеϵ
Һͻе뷨ıϣЩٶȿ϶˿죬ȸЩȻ취
뵽Һͻжס˽ŲȻһƬïܵĹľԺ棬˳ƽͭǮ˳˲ӣܿ㿴й߿ٵٶȿģһźƵģȻ⹷һֻһƬжʮϡ
һôһȺҺͻͬʱһ
үġҺϻͬʱһ䡣
ЩǻЩ룬ҵ˱ͭǮͭǮһɢ˼ʮöͭǮȻһ˲ͷ˼ٵͭǮҷĴ߶֮£ЩͭǮʱɢЩŵĴǹɢȥȫǣЩǹȫ˹ȥ
ЩͭǮǼʮͦǹͬʱ𣬡ಡĲڶܶľˣȻأЩǹ󰧺׷Ե˵ϣҲͼӵĹԭЩȫѪ֮С
ֻϧˣΪ˻Ҳòɱǡ
󹦸ɣҿٵջͭǮȻеͷܣűߵķУǴӶ߹ģֻܼС
Һͻбеͬʱٴ˲ľ֮ЩĲݸƽȥܵټֻϣЩ˴ĴǹȫǸɱˣҪȻζû׷
ǣҸоϣЩãԷӦûĹ
鵽ֵزҺϻûκΣֻһһʵڲУҲֻܸԷӲƴˡ
Ҳ֪Է˶ˣûʮĸ֣ʵû̫ĵڻֻѡܡ
Һͻиոתܳȥûжãʹ˼ٵĽŲȻ˳ǹšաһ죬Щӵʹ߷˹ȥǲľɣŵҺͻжĵȻ󻹴һЩĽӦвͣ¡
Щ˵ĻҲɵӲŻͣ£Һͻֻһֱͷ񱼡
ǽ׷ᣬһҲ֪ܳ˶Զ֪ͺһӣһ߹ͨǬ˱ȣٻ˳ˣҲܸǶһط
űߵķһܳ˶ʮ·ĶСӦǱ˦һξ룬ȸӦһ£˵Щ˸Ҳľ룬Ӧúܿͻ׷ϡ
ҺͻиͣЪǰͷܣţǰͻȻͿԲһ֮ȫһƬأûڵ
ЩˣããĴ֮ôһط
ǿֻһЩľԣһʮֵĵͰҺͻվڿǰԥһ£ܿٴ˽Ųǰ汼ȥ˽׷ţǿɲͣЪ
û룬ҺͻܵƬصмλõʱ򣬹ŹֵͷˣͻȻ䣬ҾýŵһȻ˾ͳȥҵǰ棬ҿҲڿٵ³գۼĹ򣬻оֻʣ°ӻ¶档
꣬⾹ȻһƬء
ǻУҺ͵Ҳڿٵ䣬Ŭһ£Ҫĸ
СţأǱסˣǺˮʥ̵˹⽫ǸϵİɣЩ˵
ҵڿٵ³ֹƬ̣඼Ѿûؿڵλá
СһҺͻж̶֮УʱЩţæС֣ŬĽҸоҵĽƺǲʲôһֱƴĽҵ
̶֮¿϶йŹ֡
ϻҪš϶а취ġ˵ţҿƯڰ֮еȣѾʹ˺ܴ޷ֹҵ峯䡣
Ƭ֮ͻȻ뵽һ⣬æ߶˲ľ֮ϵֲٵЩסҺͻе壬ֹǵ䡣
Ҹоˮʥ̵Ӧò뵽ǻطܣ֮ȫΪˡ
ҽʶٴ³ȥȥӦסǽ׵ЩҸоЩסǽ׵ĶӦҲһЩֲ
Ҵ߶ľ֮ȥƽϵֲʱƺһڸֻܷת֮ǹƬ̣ǹڷŻ˾
ұٴοЩϵֲҺͻһһĴ˳


1555 
Ϊ˷ֹҺͻٴ֮УҼ߶ľ֮Щֲȡ˵ɷ֮صĵ˺һ㣬һҺͻб㲻ٴȥ
ȫǺһ࣬ţҺͻнٺסֻƬ̣ҺϻٴվΪԶĵطٴδȮ֮ѾԽԽˡ
Ƭ֮Һͻʹһɫ̤ǺһĻĲһ·ſصľͷ˹ȥ
׵ľ룬Һϻһͱ˾ͷǰȻһƬӣʮïܡ
һ֣ұЩĲ¶˻ȥ
˵һƬöס˵˵ȥ·ҲܹҺϻȡһЩϢʱ䡣
ЩĲݸոȥûãһƱˣǰ汼ʮֻǹ֪طܵ˰;֮УҺ֮ǰϻһ㣬ֻ߰ǹ̶֮УȻٵ˽ȥЩǹβ͵ͷ뿪˴˴
ĹЩ̶ǹȫ˽ȥ֮лð˼ݣʲôûзһÿֲĵطҪʱҵһЩʹòľ֮ŵҺͻѾɥ
Щǹ۷ȥ֮󣬺ܿһȺ˴֮˳ͷʮɮŰӣһƵĳ˹ʮɮĺ棬źѹѹһƬȫװˣһĸ궷Ƶģ߰ʮˣ˴ŻͲĿߡ
һôһˣҺͻжһүģҿû¸ӲɣЩɮһʮߣϵĞųʮǿЩ˵Ϊʮֽӽڵ³Ĵڡ
ֻǽӽһξ룬ʮɮҪԸҸǿ϶Ǵ´࣬˵վôȫװļһҪǸϣҺͻп϶У׵ġ
ˮʥΪŪǣҲɷһģȻɳĸ֡
Ƭ֮ʮɮԱصתȦӣ취ôƬأһڴʲô˵Ķ
Һͻо۾ĿŵʱͻȻ䣬ɮЩһ˵׷׾еǹ׼߱һɨ䣬Һͻæһþ޴ľ棬һӵɣ籩һĽ࣬о̫ˡ
ǶڵôмɣڲЩӵ˷ӲͣЪΧľ඼ˣð̡
һ̣Һͻжڴ˴ͣǹͣʱ򣬱èٵ뿪ķǰ
ЩɮӦúܴܿЩ׷ֻܼĿĵ֮ľԶˣЩǹʧȥǵķ򣬱ϾǹҲܵģǼʮԶᵽǵ١
¾ºˮʥ̵Щڽһʱ䣬˹ʰҺͻУʱıһЩƻˣҪȻͷȥԽϵĴ㣬Ǵһ;뿪
£ֻ취뿪Ƭ˵Ǹû˽ӡ
ҽʱϻ˵һ£ϻҲʮбҪ㵽زֻǸЩ࣬תƺˮʥ̵עӳȥ˵ֻããȴֻ֣϶ûźŵģ޷ȡϵ޷ǵļƻǡ
һǳʱϵǣǼ˵Ը˵۷Ѱǡ
Һϻ뿴顣
һ㣬ҺϻЩͷֻʱҵİ취˵
һƬأҺϻǰһξ룬оҲҰɣһֱߵͻȻסңС˵СŸ硭
ȵĻҺͻٴζס˽Ų˳Ҿֵ˶ˣжԶ
ҧ촽˵ˡ
ŵģҺϻһ˵Щ˲ô׷ֻҪˣɶµģһȺ£ⲻô
ϻһȣʵСȣɶ
Ӧߡö߳˹Щη˵
ȻΪҲЩ
ҸµҪҾӦֲĶˡ
ôһĹ򣬱ܴˡ˿˿죬ӵ


1556 ܼȺ
մûãֱһȺ߸ΧˣǸӻѨѣؼǺ滹һȺˮʥ̺͹˵˽׷ᣬҸоЩ·ˡ
ѲҺϻҪԽĴ֮У
ܣ
˶˹ôĻʺĵط
ԽԽܼµо쳣ĿֲҪǶ̫ôˣĹ˿ȥΧӰζᣬ굽ж߰
һⳡ棬ҲŵɫˣСӲߣҲ̫һЩ
нϽ𲧸˳÷𷨴߶Ͻ𲧵ܶʱէ֣ССġֿʼϽ𲧵Χ׼ʱϣȺĽ
Ҳʮ֮ͻȻԵľһΣһдȴֵߴ˳ֱ߶еĽѾƴһɨǧն˹ȥ⼸ʶĶҪһֱ񾭶š
һݺĽֱնǴߵϣʱն룬һǰСԴ˵ϣѪ߱ն֮󣬾޴Դź˼ͣƺҪҧңһ߷˳ȥߵڵϷѣĴľžž졣
ҿôߣҲֻڶϻµ²żǵط֮⣬Ҳֻжʪ󣬳ĵطô
пⱻնɱҲһȻӿֲǣ߽ǿʼܿ˷ٴ˺ܶߣбҸղɱһġ
Ƕֻ߶࣬ȴЩ߻ôĸͷ
˲䣬Ʊ޷ˣкܿͽϽ𲧸һʱ֣˲ɣҺͻС
ΪԵʣЩɵеϽ𲧣ʶıǬ˱жϽס˵һɲǼ䣬˷߶Ⱥʱݺݵĳŷ֮ײ˹죬ʮˡ
͸Ͻ𲧵Ľ⣬ҳ˷ȥ߶ˣƽһһ׶ߣԴΪĸˮͰƵһ֣˦޴βݺײŷϣе߹ӣŷ˶Һ
ңӸǲ߳
ֲ̣̫ˣҳôûмôߣһĹмǧ˹
Щ׵ĺܣֻһĿģǾҪŪǡ
͸ϱӸгƵġ
Ͻâ貣һʱڿȷǵİȫҶ÷ʮģҲά̫ãһάֲ£ҺϻҪ߸֮С
ҲˣôͻȻƾܳôأ
᲻Ǻˮʥ̵˿ƵЩΧأ
ƬӵǰһƬأЩ˹Щ߹Ӧûɶ⡣
ڱϷӵȺΧʱҵ˲ǧ˼תֿܷ顣
УȥˣһЩҧǣЩˮʥ̺͹˵跨֮ҺϻһӶˡ
뵽ұ㿴һ˫ֺʮϴ߶ϻ˵ϻһҴ߶콣ڲʱϽϽ취ͻΧȥ
ûʱ˵ֻĬȻĵ˵ͷһ̣ұ߶콣аˮʽָ죬Ϣӿһ⿪һЩеķӡͷųЩħͬӳ콣ʽ
գ
Ҵһ
ϻǱߺܿһ־Ͻ𲧽âһʱյУڼ䲻ݷһ̣һ֮쳹ܣʱ䣬˷ͬʱ죬𣬵ɷ֮ǣΧСҲɷ֮ķգȷѪһƬȻĵ
̹ܰʬأͣķš
Ƭ̶ҵ飬кһϻ߻ûзӦһ·񱼶ȥʱִǬ˱˳һɺɷɨƽǰ谭һҪǣȱһɺɷϯȥЩԶԶ˳ȥ
ǣߺ޾һ㣬һ·֮಻ϣҲ˦Ѳ
зݣҪȽЩȫкԸЩߵʱ򣬹Źֵٴηˡ
Ȼ䣬ҸоܵЩ쳣˹ŹֵĲøǹɲľ֮ӳĲľ֮Ҫǿ࡭


1557 
Ҫѻʱ򣬿ѾˣȻ䣬ҽµĻĲͻȻһգ۵Ĺͳ˰׶ߣһ²סҵĽŲӣȻ󲻶߲ƶ
ЩĲݲסҵĽŲӵʱҾһ꣬ϳ֮⣬˶ʹľ֮
ԣ֮⣬ѦСҲ
Էʹľ֮ıºҺѦСҪ̫࣬ҶֶεʱҲֻЩľٵԴﲻĵز˲ݾͳ˰׶ߣҲֲ̫һЩ
ңԷڶʱҺͻڵΧӶ趯ܶȻ׷ƶ˷λֱӶסҺͻܵȥ
ϻ趯ЩŵߵλҪһ߲߳ƶһ߻ڷ
ҺͻжŵĲᣬæԽ˳նЩƶЩʵ̫ˣҺϻһæңǰ޷˼棬ܿղסҺϻ֫ͽףֱӽǸŰ֮ȥ
Сšﻹб㻹ҪţȵҲÿľ֮Ͻ취ǣסԷһ߼˵ţһ߲ϻеĽħơ
ֱֹͣӱ۾ʼڵĲľ֮Էǹ⣬һʼұ㽫ľ֮߶˼ޣƺЩЧҲܼ򵥵ֹסҵЩЩסҵԷһЩ
ǶԷܿ͸ӦߵǱߵȻأ˲ͽͷųĲľ֮ѹûκм֮
ϲƶҵӲһȦһȦҲһ㣬ܿ죬ͱƳӣ˰֮Уҵͷʱ򣬷ڼҺͻеĽٴλһ׶Ⱥ
СŸ硭ȿҺϻסˣ赲ЩҺͻ߸ԻӳһɺɷʱбͻȻɳɫķֱӽסɺɷš䡱죬ʱȥ
ҺͻĿɿڴ֮УܺﶸȻٴηɳɫķֱӲͬķλСȴ˹ȥ
һɫķֶôЩǻǱߵأ
ܹɫΪ϶ǳ
һʱôɫķΧ£Ȳ԰׵Сʱ֣ޱȣʱСͻȻն˫ָĬһ𣡡
ЩȥɫܣҲ޷ƽ֣һּ䣬Щɫķԡ䡱һȼ˷ɻңƮڵء
סСЩ˼вǳһϵʮֿ飬ԶĴ˹Ϊ֮һ
֮Χ£µЩȺ׷׻ĳ˱ܣÿһ·
ƵľֻʣԴҺͻб˴˶һۣ𾪲ѣ˵ģԽ߾ôһأ
Ǹһ
֮ʶľƮɵҺͻеߣǵǰ
ղ¶һҲʮéɽڵҢ˴ڸֶΣʱȸҢߴһʱ䣬ʱڣȾҢѧ˶ֶΣҲö֪
ȶڼԦźܲ츳Ϊǹ֮Եʡ
ܵЩĲֹͣȺҲһ¾ͱľĵģЩš
ȴյǵǰСĶ˵СŸ硭һ˳߹ˣǿ
䣬׿ĵطһᣬ˺ܴ죬Ƭ֮һȻҺͻпʱ򣬾סͬʱҵš
Ϊǿһߣߴļֱ޷󣬱ڶԵĸͷҪ࣬ԴһͷƵģһ˫۾Ҫ󣬱ź⡣
ߵβͣߣܵĴײķ׷б
Һͻпʼˡ
֮䣬޴߾ͣʮ׿ĵط˶Դ߿ڴʱǿǾ޴ߵԴһˣһõ·ͷӶˣ˵Ҳоʮˡ
ǸͷھԴϣЦеĿƯڰеһۣͻȻ˵СѾͷֶǴѧģ


1558 ôɱң
ȿŹֵͷ֮һֱԵʮ־裬СС˫֮䰵ɺɷâת׼ʱԸŹֵͷͷʻȿǸش
ˣͷɫһ࣬Щõ˵СѾͷôûүү㻰أΪβ𣿡
΢΢һŭƶȻͷ϶ʱɢһʮǿƣηȾС죬˵ǻˣ۸СŸͻ塭ϽǣҪȻҪȻȻɱġ
ȻССȭͷвǹŹ˵
ȵһСѾͷ˵һԭЩŭĹŹͷͻȻ͹Цҡͷ˵⡭С˼Ǻ氡ͷôãöûмô飬ǵһμ˸вϷġ
ǡĻɱġȽɺɷһǰҲֳһɺɷҲ׵ĺܡ
ͷ΢Цٴ˵ðСѾͷϷҪôɱҡ
ˣСڰͲסˣֱӽеɺɷǹŹͷ˹ȥ
ͷھ֮ϣüͷͻȻһۿɺɷҪײϵʱͻȻһץĴнâɺɷʱ֮С
֪һп϶ԸȻСС˫ֿٵодʣʮֵѸݣٴ죬һҷĻ꣬Һ񽫣ٱٽ񽫣
üһǵһôһǳɣ಻ÿһڳΧĞųٲȻһʦ緶֮ټéɽڵĴУСѾͷţˡ
ӣȱΧȻ𣬹񺿣ϵЩȺʱŵӣԴڵ֮ϣΧֻ죬Ҷ׷ɣɵΧε
Ź֮ԩƾճ֣ХųǹŹͷƮȻȥ
֮ϣһɹɵҲ˹ֱӽͷΧ
Сȸƺƴ̣ԭޱȵĹŹͷüͷͻȻ΢΢һɵֶ̾ΡһϷǿˣ
һ䣬ǹŹͷͻȻǾվ˫Ҳٵо˳ϳһƬɫŰ֮ȥЩɫһ̫ͼͷֹ֮ɫĹâתγһ޴ĹνЩԩһʱ侹Ȼ޷ͷ
֮ϵҲͷµľΧ£˹ȥǾһЩĻζһ˫ɫԵЩη壬һſڣһƬɫĶЩȥǶﾹȻܹסٻĹһ֮±㵹˴Ƭ
ȿǹŹͷһ޴̫ͼסԼЩԩ޷ʱͻȻһɺɷǹŹͷϯ˹ȥ
ϳһͷΪߣΪȣҲоͷĶ֣һĻɢǺá
Ϊ˾ҺϻҲǻȥˡ
ǵɺɷͷ̫ͼԱߣܿͻΣȻٴ˫ǰ͵һģ̫ͼ΢΢ҿȵʱ򣬷ѾͷɫͻȻɫѪܲ۾ĳѪһ죬һĹХƽһ磬һܻصҺͻ˶ҲѪӿѵ
ȥһȻôǿ
һ֮£̫ͼ㱻Ѫɷ֣â˲˼֣һ̱ǹŹͷߣǹŹͷٵĹ˼УͷĶˮƴȫһǰһһǾԴ϶˼ʮغϣһʱѷ¡
ҿͷԸȵֶμֱ̫ˣܹѹסһͷͷ𣬲ɵùЦСѾͷܺáϷϲĺšҪȻͷСŮΣ
˵ţǹŹͷȻУһȻһѳӣǳӶȻһ±ĵϣȷһҽУһɺɷͻȻƾղӰ
ȡҺͻһɵŭ
үģҼȣҶҪʬΣ


1559 ȷ
ǹŹͷһѳӣȻȻ󣬽ųâһ֮䣬СȵϣС򷢳һҽУʱӰ
ɺɷûüᣬôҺͻе֮ƾʧˡ
ҵͷһǱ˺ݺһȭ죬˵ʵһ̣Ҹо춼Ҫ
ҴһȣĿѣĿʹ絶ʣ۾ѾѪ죬޲Ҫһͷӡ
ѲȾǹŹͷĻɢȥ
еǰѳҲǷ϶һʮķҪȻҲƲסȡ
϶һҪɱ㣬㻹ȣҳǶԴϵĹŹͷ˻ߵĴ󺰵
ţҺϻƴҪѳǲãһЩƵǸһЩֱյǶҪ˵Ľࡣ
ڱסҺͻУǹŹͷʼնûһۣƺǺܲȤûз
ȲӰ֮ǹŹͷû¶ϲɫǱ鿴ȥƺЩɻǰѳӣĹһȦʲô
һ̣˶û뵽鷢ˣǹŹͷƨͻȻŤȻԴڻζŲԶһôݺײȥֱײǴһ죬ضϣͷһӷǳԴϷ¡
ʱǾһ죬һִͷͷϯ˹ȥͷٴζ˿
ö˶˵ģǾ޴ͻȻͿʼϮˣȻ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôжʱһϲȫ֪ˣ֪ˡ
ȲûбǹŹͷóӴĻɢǳûǾ޴ߵԿסߡ
壬һǹԿƹԸڻϣ뵱꣬ȸȥһصֶʱ򣬱סֻеĺԣǰ޴ȻͷܴȴжôߵĵУӦܹƵס
СѾͷǴĺܣȻǹŹͷĶ֣Լȴһֻ֣޴ߣ߾޴ԸͷٴһܣоӦöͷʮҪͷ϶ŪͷŪ˾˵Ҳûκʧ
ˣһֶֺΣҷСѾͷԽԽˡ
ȿϵĻζǾ޴ԴǹŹͷʼ׽ͷΣ㿪ʼԲһԵľʯݺݵײ˹ȥһʱ䣬ʯɣضɽҡǾԴҲײͷѪòҡ
ȹҲûа취ˣòֶΡ
ͷЩмܲסˣæСѾͷҽҵıˣҪ¶
ȻҲͷʮְϧ޴ߣЦǣôһͷľͷȴôһɰ֣ʲôġ
ȻҪǵ棬ŷһȺˡ
ͷĻȿԴѪľͣסΣֱĿͷһӡ
ȸղŪǰ̣ҲѾʧԩȫʧΡ
֮䣬߳һƮӰһǹǰƮһξ룬˾ͷм䣬˵ҼС˵ˡҪǾԣҪСŸͻ塭
ʵҲͦƵģһֱҸ磬ȴл壬мɲűأˣϻûռұˡ
СѾͷ̸֪ˣСԴűˣɱ϶ĵǡ
ǹ˵ǹŹͷɫһЩ˽֣һɱϷôߣ׵ľ͸ˣ
ǹԭδĽȴ˹ȥ
ȶʱˣ۾һգҪʯͷײȥͷˣ˰֣˵СѾͷ֣ҪŪⱦҿ϶Ĳ㡣
ȿǾתԴǹֵҼС˵ҪǣҪȻھŪĴߣ¶û
ϣС˵ĿǶЩˡ
ʱҺϻ˴˿һۣܶĲסֺܶȴ¶οЦݳ
ȳඣȻͷû⼸꣬ȴɳ˲١
ͷˣڻͷһۣЩε˵˰ˡȷҼұٷǡ
УҼС˵ˣȷˡǹű


1560 嵱ͷ
Σͷ̾ϢһٴγǿһۣͻȻ䣬ұϲƵһɣȻһᣬұ˵ϣиҲһ㡣
֮Һͻз׷˷ĿͷȻһ˹ȥߵߵߡ
վߵߵʱв⾪壬꣬ߵĸͷǴˣվߣǸ۾ƽ룬ҿߵʱ߻ҵƤգ۾
СѾͷƤҺϲ
ѾˣǲҪҼұͷ˫֣ߡ
ҪǷ߿ԣӦһ顣ҳ
СӣҪҲ̫һЩɣϷѾǷˣѾͷҪسŵҼұǲҪ̫ôˡͷЩõ˵
˼ңСѾͷһӣ˵׼ģҲܲס¶ҪǲӦҿɲ֪ѾͷʲôЦ˵
вңͷɫһɱ档
ңðֻɽ֮б׷ɱд˼ҵıأһ㱻ȺΧʱҲֻԱԲŻЩ֣еһ֣˵
ͷΪĪ⣬ҲֻͿģ˵˼һ˾ͻء
棬ͷɫһЩʵ˵˵ɣʲôϷıʬΣιȺ
ǵҪ󲢲ֻ࣬ҪӦǣһ֮ٶ֣뿪ɣҪְɣ̽ʵ
ͷ˵ͷ˵ðɣҴӦǡ
û뵽ͷȻӦˬ죬ЩģҲʹһɫΪס
Ҹɿһֵ˼ңտƾѪģǲܷģ߽òСĽ˼һ
˵ͷ㲻ˣһһԿһޣϷȻӦǣͿ϶ߣ䷢ĵģǶСİϷǽ˰ɡ
ͷĻ˲ɵĿǡ
ȻҺϻЩ׼ҲҽͷˣǱѪģˡ
£ұתߣȻŻкŸ˵Сȡɡ
ȵҵķԸ˻ξ޴ԴȻߵԴϱƮɳһɺɷֱ߷˹
֮ʱȻΣ΢΢һЦ
ղͷóһ£ʮֵǣȣû˰ɣ
ûСҺܺðС΢Цŵ
ͷǶˣҪȻղһӣСȼ㲻ǻɢ϶ҲҪˡ
룬ȸոأȸղſסľƢȻǶȸղŶвһƺſ˴죬Ҫ
ҺϻһţƱҪ֡
ݵ񣡡
ǾߣͷǳǾһǾʵʵͣסΣԴ˵ϣ߿ǵǳ˵⡣
˿ͷǶýأسŵҲǸˡ
͵ߣһ㶼ǱȽعصģۺڰ嵱ͷ
Һͻгһ׷׳ͷһ֣˵лǰ顣
ͷƺǶԣ˰֣˵ǸϽ뿪ɣ˵ϷһͷˡεһЦٴιֵ˼ҡȥ·ôߣ
ҪߣͷһΣƮȻǾԴϣʵ
ҪԽԽ߾Խϵķȥҵ
ӦǻˣȥԽʲôͷʵ
˵ʵͷӦòǺˮʥ̵ˣݶ˵ǸԣҲʲô֮ˣǳ֮ǰľٶұ֣˵ǰǵȷǻˣȥ̩Ѱ𣬽˺ˮʥ̵ˣһ·׷ɱˣððʧʧĴ˼ҵأǱԽ·ֱϺȻͨ·صġ
ξڣΪβߣһֱϣֱﻪģαôһȦӣ˿ӷƨһô
⻰˵һΣҪӦͷͻȻֵЩСëӣҲЩӻܵǹ飬˺ˮʥǿУϷҲǵĵɫǳţ»Ϸãǿ϶Ӳȥˣǣֻ·һ


1561 ֪
ͷĶĿȻ֪кˮʥһڡ
ôһͷ˵ˮʥҲԵЩּɵɼ˶鷳
һ¶ҾЩͷۣεû취ȻѾˣҲ£һƴ˱ǣҲѾɱˡ
ͷǺһЦź˼ͦ˼ϷЩ棬ε˺ˮʥ̣˵˵
ҲûɶǼ򵥵Ѱ𣬽ǳǵ³ĵӣȻֵܼɱ˳ˣ˳㽫ǵ³ɱˡ赭д˵
Ŷͷһ㶣Щɻ˵ǵ³ֶȻզأڶҲǱȽĸֶ֣Σɱ˵³
¹Ųţ³Ǳɱˣ׻˵ĺãƤɱǵ³ʱǻа֣Ѿֿˣͨͬ·뿪ġ
Ҳ֪ΪΣǰͷҸоʮΣҲûжͷҲܰһҲδ֪
ͷƬ̣ź룬˼˵ĿЩǻ³֮ˣ֪Ϸ˵Ҳǣ
Ŵԣһ£ԾǰѵҲǻ³صˣô߾Ĵ֮أ
ͷҡҡͷ˵Ϸ򲢲³֮ˣһʽ³صģҲһӶûмˣҲ֪ûлš
˵¶ͷıͻȻЩ˸С
һ£ֵСӣ³ʲôطˣ
ס³ضر߸ڴ塭һֵ
߸ڴ壡Ұѻ˵꣬ͷԵʮּһΣԾ
ôʲô𣿡ʵ
и֮ǰסǸסڸ߸ڴ壬¼仹ôɵ飿СӣϷ˵˵ӵĴУ˵ǹ֮Ǿٺòˡͷʮּ˵
һͷ˵ʱҲЩϲĿһۣ֪СɶһͷҼҵĳЩ飬ôһǿ϶ǱסˣڳĽϣ˵ǶԸˮʥ̣
ϸһ룬оЩ̫ԾүүҲʮ꣬ǰͷȥʮˣϲźܶأүүĹˣҪ˵ҸүɣҲźö࣬Ҹүһʮˣ󣬲һ˵ǸʬҵĺˣүүҸүҲ֪˼ҿʶ
ҵĺˡȻҵĺˣϷ˵ʱҲ˵үĵ飬СձӴ򵽻ĵʱүǷޣϵձ߿ǲԳƵӢˣҪ˼ڣʱĺֱ󡭡ͷһ羴˵š
ҸүĻҪǻڣÿһʮ˰ɣ
Һͻжһۣпϲ˵֪˭뵽ﻹˣϻ°
û뵽ǣǸүȻǿӢۣɱôСձӣȴǲ˵ġ
Ҹү˼һĺö˶˵ģֻʹˣһֱչزкüʮ겻ڽ¶ˡɫ
ͷ˵ͷ˵ʶǸҲǸ߸ڴģǲ⡭Ѿ˰ɣҪϷϼꡣ
ϸĥһ£Ǹ߸ڴ壬е˲࣬ҺûɶˣӵҲмźŷүӡ
תһ룬ͻȻ뵽һСӣòڽǰڸ߸ڴġ
ұǰ˵Ǹǲܣ
ͷһ㶣Сô֪
Ҳ汻Ҹ˵׼ˣͷ˿϶һҵĳȴ֪һλ
ܼ򵥣Ҽ˵ʵǸ߸ڴǰһƬɽҰ룬Ҽҵܼҵһͬӣ񣬴Ӳܼҵҵһʦжһģңǿ϶ܼˡҵ
ҵǸ˾ܣʣ֣ܣǬɣСӣ˵ˣ˵ţͷǾ֮վȻƮɶ£ҵǰ˵
˵ҲʶҼһĸף˵һүү֣ǿ϶һҵ̫үˣǱ˵ǸҲȴ֪ĺˣһһΣܼҵĺ˸һֻ̩Ҳڱˮʥ̵׷ɱ


1562 Ӣ
˵ܼҺһͷ͸Ӽһץסҵĸ첲ʵܼҵĺأаɣ
һͷһϻи֮ǰݹȻѾ̫ˣԭϿǴһٷģҲǺ棬ͷôһеġ
Ҳʣȴ˼ңô֪ǳ˵ģ
ɢŷڵϢӦǫ́ɽһģ֮ǰƲǸоˡͷһۻУ˵
Ҳǹˣһ۾ܹеĴгûС
ҡͷǰвܼҵĺˣ̨ɽ۾ʦĹŵӣģֵܸŽлС
ôһ˵еЩ˼ͷٺһЦ
ͷ˻һۣɵɫԭǻ۾ʦĵӣʦŰϷʱ򣬻۾ʦѾ𽭺ǶжţֻһֱԵüԸСձӵʱ򣬻۾ʦҲǳ˲
һ£ŹͷֿҵܼҵĺʲôطϷҪǲʦĺˡ
ԭ̩һˣɱ˵³֮󣬺ˮʥ̵˶׷ᣬǾĿ̫Ǳͷжһһ·Һͻһ·˵ģԽκԽϣֱϺǱ˽ӦǻػģǲӦõԽϣҺϻ¶٣ˮʥ̵󴳽˼ҵĵطһ·νǿ֡̾Ϣ
˵ܼҵĺʲôֶΣͷʵ
һһǧƣǹ֮дʮһһǹǽλЭ֮£ԽףзŲ඼éɽһһص
Źͷͷϵļⶼ΢΢ˡʦĺˣû뵽Ϸ֮꣬ܵõʦϢһתۣҶϳⷬģˡ
Һͻжһۣ̲סʴ𣺡ǰһ̫үʲôϵΪʲôƺΪʦ
ǰ̾Ϣһ꣬СձʱҺʦϽĲ£ЭԽԽϵվһֻʮĶ飬ҲһȺ֮ʦΪʦĲ֮кܶ඼ߣϷʱʦĸ٣ʱԽϵվʮֲңһֱȺСձϵεľڣǺСձǱҲһȺߣձ֮һ񹬵֣ǵļ룬һֲʱϷһ֧飬ʦɢˣһСձʮλ֣ҴЩֵȫСձӸɱˣҵʱҲˣܵƬ
һ˵ձߣһˣǸСձм䣬ʱѩţһˣСձǴմģֶҲʮֵ⻹ԩ·խ˼ʮ꣬һһѪ
ǰô˵ǿӢۣΪʲôﲻᵽأк
ˣʱұСձˣһϢûͷӬƵܣֱӾ˹ȥʱѾһ˸ˣȺ׷ҵСձҲȫ˸ˡȺСձĺ;ҵͬһˣǸǸʮߣԭƬֵˣҽκ֮󣬱ͽܣһֶȫڸϷ򡣡
Ϸλһ꣬һֱȵޣҲҲصģ˵ʱϽˣһȺ˳˱ûдʦϢΪʦʱȺСձӸɱء
һ£ֵˣʦڿɻţ
Ȼ˵ٻ˵˵֪̫үѾȥöˣȥǻȥһ˱һСҵġ
˵̫үȥˣǰλүӲɫһԵʮְˣۿʪˣʦʦ겿¸ɳɱºպսһȥˡ
ǰڰ֪̫үڱܹ԰꣬ڹеλߣҲ޼գĺҲĺܺáҰο
øƨͷͻȻͱɫЩŭǼСޣȴǲСҴӻĹǺˮʥ̣ǲ֪жֲǼǣܺö˶˵Ļ뿪𣿡
ȥͷǱȷ黹죬Ҳ̫һİΣˣǿǵϼĺˡ


1563 ԩ
λǰǳ⣬Һϻ˵ʲôֻܹԹԵţϾ˼ǳҸһ̫үһֵġ
Ҳû뵽ããԭʼɭ֮лôһλ
һʱԵЩΣҸɿһǸǰ֪մǳȥ֮󣬱Ȼ֪ܼͨҵĳ֪ͨһ֪̫үһʽ
ͷ˰֣˵ȥ̬ǨѾ˷ǣϷҲǻ񵽲ӸˣܼҲûжôҲԵһҲ޷Ϸīݵգīīʦı£ҲֵһֻϧϷ޷ټˡ
лǰɱ֮ɶͲ߶ˣǰָܸһ·ӳطлҹֵ
īͷҺϻһۣҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻ䣬һԶԶĴ˹صϢ
Է˵ģȥЩӲ˵֮Ǻˮʥ̵ߣֵܣ겻ɷһ
ӦǴӺԶԶĵطƮģƮʱΧҶ죬ϢĵݣԼã˵ΪǶô
ֶЩڻĵǧﴫ֮
һ֣ǱܹжϳΪҪǵ³ٸ߳λ
һڳһӾͽĸᵽɤۡ
ҵţǺˮʥ̵ĶߣΪܹʰҺͻУˮʥ̻ѪϹﶼˡ
ԷЩɵīүӵģַͨʽīүӳȥ
īһ£ķ˹ȥ˵ϼһﻹûأȻΪԹһˣҲǺôӡ
ҺϻȻ£ǳүεһЦû취Ҳġ
߹˿϶Ϊǣӹɵġ
һĹǸӲٴƮ˹ϵܡˣҪǲϵܿҪˣԹȥݻһ㡭
īһ϶ӲϷ֣ǻˣ浱Ϸأ
һ֮󣬽ǸԴһ֡ô˻ܵɶΣǲеˣ
īõΪڵǧﴫýˣ;ϢҺͻһͷǣ˫ס˶䣬ҲĶĤ죬ҪѪĳ嶯ܵľҶ׷ףЩҲŵķ׷˱ܡ
ţӲٴδ˹ʮֿ˵ϵܡôҪҪ̣һĳѾȺʱˡ
ðɡҵţϷ򴩺·Ͼ͹ȥ㡣īһ
˵֮īͷҺͻһۣǵԩˣҪҪϷһȥƣ
ҺϻæҡͷЦүӣǱˣҪǱ߿ǣ϶ҪʬΣǲǸ˼鷳𣿡
ʱ첻µز£Ƶģ춼ͱһʱ֪ˣīүǵ
ҺϻֻɵЦҲֱ档
Ƭ֮󣬵īݸǵⶫǴڴĴָϣһſڱĺϣҴǳȥơ
Һͻн˹īүӸǵĶһָǽʯĳֹͷŪģ̻һЩƵ֣ǻĵķģҴûмӦߵĶ
үӣʲôҺ
ⶫϢָܹεϵһϢֻҪصĺãĸ֣ʮ֮ڶоǵĴڡīүӵ˵
ȥǸöжʱϲѣ˵үӣҪǴǹأܲŵʲôζ
˵ˣεϵһϢȻҲŲˣˣϽϣϷȥߡīүӴߴٵ
£ҺͻбϢָīүӵķԸſĺϣ˫ֿסǾƬ˳㽫СٻǬ˱С
īүǾԴϣҲûôǾζž޴ߵķ˹ȥ
ʱҺͻжûз֣ʵһߵ·ߣʵͦģˣһҲɨ˺ֳܶĶܴ


1564 
޴ߴ˿ٵߣٶȺܿ죬Сʱ֮ǾصıԵīүɶǾ޴ԴϣҺͻߵһܼĹľԶ
ڼ׿ĵطܣվһȺˣöﶼŻѣ֮ǰЩɮй˵Щ궷ޣƺƵ²һ֮ࡣ
УһڱȽۣĸ󺺣̧һƵĶǽһˣ̫Զ˵ģҺϻһ۾Ϳ˳ڽϵλȻǺˮʥ̵ĶߣҺϻܲ˵ϢΪѾﵽֲ¶ˮĵزҲǷ豹ľ磬ȻܲϢȴҲҺϻĪѹ
īүͷ޴߳ʱ򣬶Щ˶ʱŵķһ֮Ծ˼
ĸͷ̫ˣȷǹ˵ģҺϻһοʱŵĶ˿ӣͷǶĺԻҪࡣ
θոأΧʱһ죬ŵĹһȺ߱ۼصıԵЩǧǧ˭Ҳ֪ж٣ͷСĶдȴ֣̣ܻסˡ
߶ţīү߸ʤһֳһѹԵľ档
һǶڽϵ߱վңңīүӹֵϵܣòտɺð
īүҲǾԴվԵһ֣˵ߣǵĴͻȻãϷɽƧɽҰϷֻܳǲ֪ССҰɽ񵽵Ϊ°
үӿƺηˮʥ̵Ĵ˵ǹһʵīүֻһƽƽֶβôߣƺˮʥ̵Ҳ˿ֱӾӲ˽
Զīүмּɵ
һ˵߱˵īϵܣһμҪʮ֮ǰˣһιأһΪ˻ѣΪһ飬ϵܿڹĽϣذϸһæ
īү΢΢һЦ˵ʲôֱ˵ɣȦӣֻҪϷܰģȻΪ
˵˼˴˶ڶȦӣīȻ֪Ҫʲôϵ黹ĺ㡣
߹һЦīϵܣǹ˼ϸҲΪģΪѰˮʥ̵ĳңǻĵˣΪ̩ܵҺˮʥΪУɱ˵³ɱҺˮʥ̵Ľҽ֮ȫѰ˵ټҹҪˣֻϧܵīϵ֮ܵУһֱīϵܣû˽֮У֪īϵûпأˣϣīϵܽ˽Ǻˮʥдá
īүüͷһ࣬ȵ˵ôᷢ飬³ȻɱˣһëͷСӣ³Ϊ԰ôëͷСӶأ
˵ǻ˹ƶˣݺ˵³ҪȻвһ·׷ˣīϵܣ㵽ûмˣ߿Щˡ
īƬ̣Ϸ治֪ȷܵϷ֮У
ȷϷǿԽǵ֮Удġն˵
Ȼǵ֮УҾҲͲˣϷ߹򣬶ǧ֣˵ëͷСӣҲóȥѽ߸ˡīүӺٺЦ
Եİīү˾仰ͽ߸ˡ
߿ô׾ɻȥģֵīϵܣ󣬲ɶϷ֮УҲҪȷˣ֪īϵܹ֮е߹ͨʣ˵ûУ
¶򵥣ԵƬ̡īү˵ţ۾
Ƭ֮ΧЩССķһϵĻζԴڶīүӻӦʲô
֮ī۾Ц˵ߣ㲻ˣղЩǸ˵ˣȷʵ֣Χ˺Ƭζ˳÷˰ɣ


1565 Ӳ
īͷڷߣڰҺͻж֪
ǣ߲֪飬ī˵ԥһ£ƺǲưոݣϵܣǾͶлˣⶼǶ֣ϵܵЩ߱ǽͷ󻼡
ֿˣ˭ֻҪǴ֮УûдĿܣɷģûʲôĻϷ͸ˣϵģʵĲУҾͲ뿪ˡ
īүѾʼתԦͷ߾Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻϵܣ
īһ£ͷȥЩõ˵֪»ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ߺٺһЦ˵ϵܣô˵ҲϽˣⶼҪſˣ㲻ϸҽȥȱ𣿡
īүɫһ࣬Ȼ֪ʲôǲԼҪԽ֮ƣīүӵߣϷ򲻽飬ʵ֮ж̫࣬ʮ˾ҧΪЩȻ˲ģϷߣԾͲˣʱ䣬Ϸȥ㣬ǲУ̫ˡ
߼˵īүӣͻȻһʱɫϵܣҲ̫Ϸ˰ɣˣб֮ĵϷ˵ûǸӣɱʶô
ôϷ㻹ӲôΣʵ㣬˽ϷָΧˣϷûǣǾǸˣǻЩķݶϣ뿪ҪȻϷɲˡ
īү˵ΧĻζΣӣǶжˡ
֮⣬˶׷׷֮˼
һЩ߳ȥôһˣͲЩġ
˿ɲвȷûаη壬ǺһЦֵϵܣþûֶˣ֪ʮȥı³ûУддΣ
˵գͻȻǽվͻȻһΣ㳯߷ɱ
һһԾ֮±ʮԶȻϡ
ȴȵվûаݣţŲ˽Ųīү߿ٵı˹
һ·̤ݶУ졣
һҺͻв⾪壬һһ֮УǣīүҲøꡣ
īүҲǵǹƥôˮʥ̵Ӵ֯ȥ
Һϻ취ҸεĵطʱͻȻ䣬߾ͳ˹ֱӽҺϻӸ
īүڣЩ߿϶ҺϻԵЩʱһûж
ЩҲûнȫû©һЩ϶ܹǿīүǱߵ
ڿҪīүߵʱ˶ޱȵͻȻһſڣһɫĶڰ֮Уһ֣ϵͻȻǰһӣ㵲סЩٴγīүӹȥǾ³һӣϯȥȴҲɶ˹ȥ
ţ߱Ǿϣīүӿٵƴ˼С
ƷĵɽֺХοŻӰۻң֮ʱ˱һը죬Ǿ߷׷˱ܣӡ
뿪Ǿ޴ߣֿٵĹʮС
֮䣬īүֻصߵԴϣվϣңңīǺһЦ˵ϵܣ겻ΪȻزû뵽
ߣҲٹϼУҲͶƽ֣ûʲô˼ذɣϷصáī
ǣһ֣Ȼ۷Ⱥ֮У˽֮ϣȻһȺʧããɽ֮С
ߴ֮ϵЩ߱Զ˵ߣīүӼԦ۷˻
Ǹھһξ֮󣬲ŷǾӣ˾Դ֮ϣīүվһ
ǰǶԲסˣ鷳ˡǸ
ģϼһҲҽôšī˵
үӣǼһﲻỹҪ˹鷳ɣв޵ǵʵ
ҡϷȻ¼ҹһ֮оҪϷǺˮʥ̱ȻҪ֣ͻСӲŲɵⱾ


1566 
ղ߸īүӿٹмʮУٶ̫ˣҺϻûпλô֣ⳡܾʹˣ֮Ƕ֪˭˭Ӯ˵˭ʤһ
λϿʮֿǱȴǲӿ˽ôãҲܹһЩŵ֮ԸīүӹУҪ֣īүӺɵľˣ߿϶īүӿһ̱һٸֱӽ֣ǵ١
ǣīүӵֶΣλ˼ҲôöԸģ±˵ֱӴ뿪
ˣҲ߲ʹưոݣ϶кС
ұȻҪΧúܶߣǵĶ
뵽ұЩǳ˵үӣ߿϶ôˣĻǻ뿪𣿡
ϷǼһ˽⣬Զɣ϶ưոݣҲֵ֪ĹأϷ֮⣬ǲκһ˽ģϷ˵Ǳ߸ˣҲǰŰɣ߿϶ǱȻģ⼸֮ڣǲīүӵ
ǶصʲôʱҲ֪Ƶ
ģеĴС߶ߣһƬԽ߾ߣϷƿأһܹǽֻЩȥ̽һ֪ܿϢīүг˵
һ˵ҺϻȻ˲٣īүӵֶε治Ȼܹɭ֮еĴСߣֱʵɭ֮ˡ
˿֮⣬үӻһʮı£ǿƲľֶ֮ҲһЩīүһȣֱ֮Ҳֻܼ򵥿һ»ĲīүһƬӶŻζҪ쭵ӣʮֿɲǸеĸ֣ܹ߶˱ĸ֡
Ե֮īүӱǵסĵطסĵطƬֵмλã˼ǣүӽӽһò֮ϣľͷһƯķӣǾ޴Դһ̽㽫͵Ƿſڡ
˵ֵطҺͻоһͯĸо˼ɾһ㡣
Сİʮּ򵥣ΰһӦȫ滹һľ崲īүϢڡ
뵽֮īүӱǸʱīүԵʮָˣ˵Ϸס˼ʮ꣬һϰˣط˹ܹҲԵһңһǴʦĺˣϷϲһ·϶ûгԶɣϷҲûʲôдģԵһЩӸŪЩԵĹ
˵ţīүӱǵߣƬ֮󣬱кܶȺľ֮УЩ߸ǴһЩҰ⻹һЩʵҰӣȫϡ
īүӻóһӣ֮˱ǣ˵ԼҰƵľƣζԣǳ
Һϻû¶ʱϲȾƣҰľǲȹ±ĺһЩоζЩ˿˿ġ
û뵽ǣīүˣҲЩߴҰʰɾ˹æǬ˱óκ͵ϸүӣʮֻϲ˵ٳȥöûгԵˡ
Һͻдо治ѣվ֮¿ʮףӸ£ܹƬַ۵ףһڡ
ĿǰʱõİΣģôߣɶүӵߣЩ紵ݶҶҲ֪
ĹүӱŪ˷ˣ˱Χϴ
ڼ䣬һǬ˱óһЩװʳƷȳɶģ⻹ó˼ƿę́ƺҺүӴＸʮ꣬ļĶһ򿪾ƿӶ˳յ˳ԺȵĵҲֺ
ڼ䣬үӿǬ˱ң˵һöûĻⱦӦóɽʱ˵ɽùַǬӣһɶõ
Ǭ˱ҵҲֻ֪ⷨҸүģʮãҶš
ү࣬Ҳû˿ģܹҪõĶó˴룬үȻʮָˣҲǱүӵľ֮ˡ


1567 
үҲˣһߺһģ˵Ż߷飬үĽζû뵽ôȥˣǱ߾Ȼ˴ı仯ҲǸĳ˯ʨˡ
˵˵ţүҲ˸СңˣȴҲزȥˡ
˼һͣϼҲûʲôˣĸĸʱͱСձӸɱˣҲΪ˱𣬲Ÿһ̫ү˿յĵ·ҲɱĸĸѪ
ȻұЩССļүûиһصĵĴ㣬ɽһȺҲǰ취յ˶ûУ͸ǻȥ˲Ҳġ
ʵڲػģǾ͸һȥզ˵үҲܼ̫үľɲֵһ㣬һСҲȽ壬Բүӵġ
ȰүҲûд뿪˼ε˴ҵõʱԭ֮ȣһԼһΪҽֵƿȨҲ
ڵʱ֮֮ǰҶӦһӲ뿪֣һûˣһ㣬Сɱɡ
Ҷӻ˵޿ҪʱҲѡһ֮ƹ֣ڻڼ꣬˺ĸ飬ҲͲ뿪ˡ
ҵĻͱĸྶͥǻȥˣҲ޷ᣬ֮Ϊ飬˴˲Ҳǹ֮ǰ֮С
Ҫǵ֮ͷӶûˡ
ɵþƾͺȵЩˣ׷ֱӾľ֮˯
Ҳ֪˯ʲôʱ򣬶ͻȻһôͷϴ˹һʱ򣬷ҶѾվ棬̧ͷϿȥ
ܴķ紵үƮɣ뷢
ô⶯Щֱأ
ϻҲˣһۣҪȥīүӳ΢΢֣Ȼֻ޴ޱȵͻȻһƺȻϸߣֱʱƮԶ˺ܶࡣ
ߣҲ˰壡ٸһɵϷǺˮʥ̣ԣīʮŭ
һɤӺȥֱƮԶˣīү˹ߣԼҽɹһһΪϷһûа취ɣ
֪߲ưոݣû뵽Ȼô죬̫һɹһֱ̽ǵϢһҲǹȽġ
ˣҺϻлȻұүӣǿ϶ǲٴˣ߷֣Ȼǣ˼ң˵һ·һڣҺϻ뿪ٸ鷳ˡ
ģ֪ϷҲôţҲҶң˲ɣү˵
ȻҺϻ֪үһ֪϶أϾǽˮʥ̵ˣҪǾô뿪ˮʥɨأԺôڶ㣿
Ȳ֮£ˮʥ̿϶ṥ֣Լһѻ𣬽ָҲδ֪
ˮʥôаĴڣȫʲô鶼ĳ
ҺͻеĿȰ֮£īүڴӦ뿪ڲУҪȵ֮ڵֿ϶Ǳˮʥ̵˸Ҫ뿪Ҳô׵顣
īүӻҺϻ뿪
һǾ಻ףˣһսܲӳȥ˵īүڣҲ൱ѣһҲ֣Һϻ뿴ġ
ͻȻһ뵽һ飬үӣ֮ûͨĺһֱͨԽϾڵġ
үüͷһʵʲôѵͨһֱǱ뵽ԽϾڣ֪ˮõߣҲһֱˮʱ䡣
ҺͻжһЦܿ죬ҽˮ˳īүһүӣ֪һűˮ飬ǴһɾĺԴϸģˮڣˮƽأ˿ûϰ֮кĻҺϻˮһڶûɶ⡣
˵īүɫһϲһĴȵͺðˣ֮еȷһֱͨԽϾڣһڣҾʹǹȥ


1568 Ԧľ
һҶĿ̩ɽ
һֱӳذΧȴ뵽ͨˮ·;
ˮ飬ȴҲûá
Ǹˮƽص
һ˵ˮīүӱ㽫Ǳˮн˹ȥаһ£ϸһˮϵϢƬ֮󣬲ŵ˵ͷ˵ǺͷϵĽǣǺѾȹһ٣γڣȫɵĴˮ·뿪ֱ֣ԽϾڡ
˵Ǹߵ·ߣڻʱ򣬱֮ǲܹ͵͵뿪īү˵Ӷȥ
үӸǼֱ֮󣬱ûֱٷɹ
ҺͻоͶīүӵһֱҳţǺˮʥֶͨ̽ѰҺϻټ
СҲûеģʱīүӸ˵ˮʥǱ߲ȡжͨһЩƳɵ֮УҪ̽ѰǵϢ߸ˡ
ǹƳ߳ƶãһ̱ŧѪЩ飬īүӶܸоĵ
ⶼϵģ˵߻ʲôŹֵֶΡ
ԣΪԷһīүӱΧһֱӽΧϢεˣ߶ʲôֶΣҲ޷֪̽ľ֮ڵΣҸоЩ˵ĸоطǲܾǱҪӳȥС
ţʮֵѰһһ붼˾ڶꡣ
֮УīүͻȻһСŰʱҸоЩľ֮ôһ¶
һ˵ҶʱȤ˵īүҲͨľֶ֮β֪˶٣һ¿Ǵס˻ᡣ
ǣұ㽫ǧϻڵīү˵һ£īү֮Ȼ࣬˵ԭôһ¶
˵ǧϻڵ̺Ĳľ֮ʮǿֻһ֣Ҳֻŵ޷ľ֮ȫͷų
īүܹƲľ֮˱ˣһʮзţԦľҲǵֵڸġ
ȻԵīүҲͲߴͽ̣㽫ԦľڸңҲʶһ
˵īү˵ǰ㣬ԦľڸҵĻڵϻĲľ֮δ̫˷һЩ
ԦľһʩչĻ϶ʮǿ
īүӵֶһЩ˼ƳһҺѧֶΣⱾ¶деģѧỵ˽أȻīүȴ˵ֲǻģûôƵĹأҵ֮ڸֶεʱҲû˵ܴڸˡ
˵ѧ˼ұµĻҪ˾İʦѧյģīүҲֱӸˣ˵ðʦǴڸһзѣûҪô¡ء
īүҲһѵӣҲ͹ˣīүӽԦľȫҸһ飬һֲҲȫ󻹸īүӱһ飬ȷ֮ŵ˵ͷ
īүӴڸзŵʱ򣬻һߣԼǱĿУһܶأֻл۾ʦһʦзҲȻǽезų⡣
Һīү̽Ԧľʱɫڲ֪оͺ
ٴξһһЩһֱȵҹʱīүӲŴ뿪ľݣīү˵еĴӶȥ
Ӿ֣һ˶ûǴߵϣΪĿ̫Ǳˮʥ̵˷֣˿첽УСʱŵӵıϣʮļˮҲʮֿ㣬ĺ֮
ڰߣҺͻйָīүӴС
˵Ȼүദʱ䲻һֱЩᡣ
ҳϿҵ˵үӣ治һ뿪
ˣͷҶˣȥҲûʲô壬Ǹܼҵĺ֮󣬸˵˵ôһ˾ͺˣ·Сĵ㣬һԺǼඡīүЩ˸е˵
һ˵ҺϻﶼЩζҽűүӣӳνѣͷһЩʱ򣬵ʱ䣬һܼҵĺݼ˼ңǿ϶ټģɽģˮǺڡ
īүһ֣˵߰ɡһ·ƽ


1569 ɱ
£ҽˮ˳ǺһףȻ߶Ǳˮʱںϳһ״ĶƯ
һΣҺͻתٴγīүľһһΣһء
ҺϻΨһīүӵĸмķ
֮û
ҺϻһͬǱˮ֮УǱˮܿ콫˸
ˮ黺ĳˮ£īүվڰߣǻ˻֣Ҹо΢΢֮˸
һˣ˿ģҲ˵Ϊʲôͷ΢΢ᣬһҪ޵ĳ嶯
үӡ壬һصĺӡ
գˮȫ˺ӵףҲīүˣҴ߶˱ˮ飬źοǰ
һգ۵ĹǾǰһˮ·
ˮˮеٶȺܿ죬½ϱܵٶȻҪ죬ϾǺԵĽǲǷǷʺˮС
űˮ߳ʮˮ·ʱһֱĬĻеСŰǶүӣҪȻǿ϶߸ɱˣЩģ֮߻᲻ΪүӣһүиʧҲⲻȥ
ϻ˵ǵģҲ߻Ը
תһ룬ҪҪʰǣүӣֻ֮ˣǺˮʥ̾ˮˮүΪߣԦʹеǧߣ֮ҲǵĻҲΪīүӡ
īүԼҲ˵ˣ߸ҸΪѣҪԸˮʥ̱ȻҲ֣ܶ
ǻлЩ޵ǵ˵Сţ¶˵׼ˮʥʲôɲߣү֮ǰ˵ЩҲǰοοǣʵүӾһƢ߲үӶ֣¶û¶ɧɧţүԼҲܲˣƾǸˡ
ϻĻͷһ⡭զ죿
ϻƬ̣ӵ°ͣɫʵ¶Ҳð죬īүӳװѺˮʥ̵ľǾ͵֤ѾˣǾͻὫ˼׷ɱǵϡ
˻ҵ˵ͷϻⲻ
ϻž͸˵һļƻһƬԽ߾Ĵ֮п϶Ĵкˮʥ̵֣һأҸϻˮ֮и׼ˮʥ̵һˣȻͻȻѣЩȫɷڵأһҪʹǵĿұ죬Щ˶Ϊ֡
¶ҾʮֿףҺͻ̸£֮󣬺ܿʹˮ渡˳˱ˮ飬гïܵȥ
Ѿ뿪ʮ￪ĵطˣطЩˮʥ̵İΧȦǲǱ֣Ϊ̫ˣˮ·ҲвͨģΪֵһˮ·֮УкܶǱŵˮͷҲСҪүӸЩˮкҺϻҲײҴˮ·С
Һͻг֮һ·УЩˮʥ̵Ӱ
˴Լ·Ĺ⾰ԼУǱ㿴һƬ⣬ǣҺͻһεķŻ˽ŲȻ˴īүŪϢָϢ˹ȥȹȥһһƬյŴԼжʮˣʮߣʮ˵Ļ궷ģĺӡ
Щ˵˸Χ䣬ʮΧһǰʲô
ЩߺǴ̩ģ˵̩
ҺϻһʮεĽҲõǻᷢǡ
Ƭ֮һ˵Ǿã˵ڲī֮У
ɻ˵˿϶ī֮УۿԽ֮ܵеģ˵īǻˣʮ壬ֵ֪ǻ˵Ļпܻһһ̻ǡ
ϽǵΧʲôѵţҪȵʲôʱ򣿡
żīȻҲһ˰ˣҪûЩɱȥˣҿ˵ڵһ磬ǵԮͻᵽֱʱ֮ҩЩȫȻٷŻ֡Ǽ˱ҪѾҪϧһдŪǡ
ô˵֮ǾͿԻȥˣ̫ˣ
Щ˵̸ҺͻͷǱԤϵˣˮʥ̵˹ҪүӶ֣ҿǳ˸ۣһơ


1570 󱳿
Һϻô˳ֱˣүӴ֣֮үӿܻһֵҲḶ֮һ棬ҺϻҲᱳһӵΣնɱСձĿӢۣǵľ֮
ˣҺϻһӶҪɽһ
ԣǲīүκεʧκʧ
Ψһİ취ǾǱ¶ǣүӴ鵱
£Һϻʹһɫʾ֡
ǽСȴǬ˱˳ƿش֣һҺͻжֵʱСȸùס˵ȥ·
ڶ֮ǰҸϻСʾ⣬ҲԷһ뿪֪ͨߣ֪ҺϻɵģǲŻԸүӣȫΧǡ
СƮɶȥϢһֱ̣ӽͭǮǬ˱˳ĵļ˱ͭǮ
ֻҪһ𣬿϶ųʮ˵ʮߣһһĸ֣ⱱͭǮĞųܿһɮľ
ҵıͭǮûüȥǸɮͻȻͻȻ̩
һأҺϻܿ˳ƴıͭǮЯżٵͭǮŶǶʮ˺Ȼѹ˹ȥ
һ󣬱һǹҺϻһԵĲݴԵй˹ȥ
һͭǮ˹ȥ±㵹ʮˣ󲿷ֶЩǹļһȫ©һ㡣
һ֣ʮ߶ʱϳǣһ˵ǡˣɱǣ
һ䣬ʣµЩ˾ͳҺͻ˹һη
еϽһΣʱâʢſһף˲ЯķЩ˺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
ǻһ谭ұ㽫߶콣ǰˮʽ
һΣŽеЩڳǱܵĺˮʥ̵˻˹ȥ
ӿ귢һۻ֮ŞųҵķЩ˵ǰ棬ͻȻըѿһ޴ӣҲ
Щкü˶죬֫ϱۣѪɡ
ȳ׷ʱܹվŵ˾ͻֻʣĸҸղŶ콣ʱܹǰһԡ
֮ڣʮ˱˴룬ĸ˼ȥûȡʤİգͷܣֻûܳȥԶӭмʮֱӶסǵȥ·
СȺܿҲսţһͲסһɮһɺɷΧͣĻƣǺɮ˸ʽӡ׷ױЦȸƽˣҿǺɮ°ĭֱԵ˵ϡ
ʣµģҺͻиûٶ֣Щһ·ɱҲǼ˸ˡ
⹵ͨȣЩһڣ˳ɱ˳ȥ
ЩԵ׷һ㱻ȸ
صʬ壬Һϻû뿪
ߵǸղűŪĿ°ĭĺɮԱߣһ˽
ţҽǺɮʬ巭˹ϵ·ȻýǺɮĺĿ˼֣ɱүүߣɵƣ
߸Ϲ⼸֣϶˲ɣǶ裬׷죬ûҵǵӰӣ󻹱ذΧ֮Уɱˣʵڶ
Ҫľһ߱ˣŻ˷磬һеķҺϻټʱȥҺͻ˳ˮԶˡ
ҹôҲ뵽Һϻˮ·
ϻôʱЦ˵˼߿³һѪУҲдһ
Ҳҵһʬ壬ʬĺд˼ֵߣһķ㵹ץѽ
ү
Һϻոæ꣬ȱ˵СŸ磬߰ɣǿ׷ˡ
˵Һϻ㲻ҺˣֱӰԭķһ·ٵ۷˻ȥڻȥ;Уһ˲ľ֮һ·ɨƽҺϻĺۼ
Һͻеӱߵʱ򣬲ſǸղȥǸط죬ǹ˹
Ҽ˱ˮ飬ҪϻȥʱͻȻһ󺰴Զ˹ĻˣһҪɱǡɱǡ
ȥߵ


1571 ȫ
ϼһ˵ʮӲرص㣬īүӽ̸ҺϻǺ׾ܱģղһɤӷŭ˼˻𣬾һ﷢ģȻ˵϶Ҳϵûĵ֣ǲϵãߵҲһʶ
ҺϻЩʬϵֵʱ򣬿϶ˡ
ңҿ϶ҲҪ̡
Դɱ˵³֮Ѿȥ˺ܳʱˣԷһֱ׷ƨɺ棬ȴӰӶûǱһٶɱˣֱǱˣתĽ࣬һﲻŹ֡
Ϊˮʥ̵Ķһ֮£֮ϣܵ裿
Ƿŭ˼ŭҺϻһЦˬޱȣһ߿϶ΪīүˣΪҺϻ֮飬īүһϵûС
Ҽ˱ˮ飬Եĺˮ֮һף߶֮£Ǳˮ鸡˳ҺͻǱˮ֮ǰԶԶĿƶһڿٵĳƶ
׷ˡ
Һϻɲҵ飬ֱ˱ˮ֮У˳㽫СȸٻǬ˱С
ˮˮ£Ȼ˳źˮһ·У뿪Ǹڡ
Һϻ˳ˮһǱг֮ҿűˮԸˮ棬㿴ղºӵĵطΧˣǹźˮкӵŰһ·ط׷˹
ȻҲ뵽ǻʱԵǱˮӶݣǿ϶뵽ܹˮôʱ䡣
ҺϻǱУһ·ٴǱʮˮ·֮Һϻٴ˰
Ϊ˽ĸƺƴһЩҲΪүǱȷȫΪȷǲ֮ţҺϻҵһǵĺˮʥ̵ˣȻȫ
ֻһ࣬ҲֻʮˣҲûʲô֣ʵʲô
ֱ֮ˮ·ˮƮһʱų뿪Խ߾һƬȴ֡
ҺϻûдӺĴ㣬ΪˮҪ½ϰȫ࣬īү˵ӻһֱԽϸأȻˮƼֱͨ󺣡
ҲһֱƮΪǺԼĵطЩԶԵ½֮ǻϰԼǸԽϸۿڶȥǸۿڽ˳ǲ쵽Ǹطˡ
Ϊ֮УҲһЩʱգҺϻı¶ˮʥ̽עȫҺϻϣ͸ˡ
뵽Һϻﶼ˲٣ǵı¶ҲһǴ
ֻߣƻԽ߾תƣ˾泩̫һЩ
ӣˮһֱĹ⾰Խһĳи˰
ΪӵѾĺխˣˮвôļĳЩӶΣǳƮںԴ¶棬ԵҲ̫ͻأһЩ˸ױ¶Ŀꡣ
ȻҺϻڶһʮƫƧĵط˰
ϰ֮ҺϻǬ˱óһµ·ϵ·Ҳʮֵͨ·Ҳôɾ׾뵽Ⱥ֮С
ŪƤѾȫˣֱӱǸ˺
ǼƤŵҲã̩Ȼȫ¶
ҺͻñʾˣȻҲвͨģӵԡ
Һͻһ£ƤŵߣȻŪһЩȻҺϻҲ춼ûˣϳҲһαװ
ʰ׵֮ҽֻ˳ѾˣǹػҲģбõأֻһҵֻϱкܶδӵ绰
Ҵ绰˺ܶ࣬ڵĽӡصս塢̩ڵڵĸһͰչĵ绰Ǿ͸˵ˡ
ȻȺ˶ʮֹϵҺϻİΣü춼ûκѶˣⵣġ
һһأȻǸչǲһ绰ȥ绰ܿͱͨˡ
ӵҵ绰İչԵʮּСŸ磬أ绰ü춼ûпˡ
ģҺϻö˶˵ģĿǰѾԽϾڣأðɣЦ˵
ǶܺãҲԽϾڣĿǰԽһɽĳиܹϵ̫ˣһ·֮Ϻ̫ܲƽǺˮʥ̵ˣǰ׽סһˮʥ̵ˣ˵ǱԽ߾


1572 ȷһ
չ˵ЩУҪе֤£Ӧһ˵ǵȷǱˮʥ̵˸סˣһǱˮʥ̵Ķ߸סˡ
չΪԾЩˣǰɡҵ죬ǡôӳģ
ˣЩһʱҲ˵Ǽ˵ɣˣһ𣿡ʵ
ڣҰѵ绰չ
Ӧһ绰ܿתһУһСŸ硭ϻðɣ
ǻãҲᣬмҪȷһ¡ɫ
ɶ¶СŸ磿ô֣ءһ
ҪһǼ̫үǲǽʣսʱʦԽ߾Сձʵ
һһʵ㡭ô֪ģ
һ˱֣ǿ϶ǲˣīү˵Ǹʦһ̫ү
ǲ֪ҺϻԽĴ˺ˮʥ̵Χ£Ҳʡ
ǰǶأҪҪɱȥǸȳأҪ绰Ҫȥˡһ
˵̫ү飬Һϻˮʥ̵ΧԽ߽֮Уһ˶ߣһ˾ǣҪǹѾߵУǸ̫үľɲһĸ٣Ǹ˵ֽī̫ү𣿡ʵ
һٴδ󾪣ʼˣֵСŸ硭ҺСʱҼ̫ү˵ˣ̫үĸ٣Խ߾ĴǱձ߸ɱģʱҼ̫үҲòײ˳߶ˣ˵ĺֵܣյʱ򣬻һֱڻˡȻûһǣ
ûҲ̫үĸ죬үڻԽ֮Ĵ֮Уһ˸ˣƹһƬ֣˳֮Ϊҳһ飬Ҫȷһ£ݴҺϻûȻ
ҲҼ̫ү飬ǡСŸ磬ôûүӸһ
˵ˣүӲϣҲûа취ҵ
һǱ̾ϢһҺܿת˻ˣҲᣬӳȥ˵ɣǱ߰ŵôˣĺ𣿡
Ѿ˳ˣҸϵҲǸոյĿǰѾźˣ͵ǹȥȻֱˡ
ðɣҲᾡϵ˳Ӧûȵһǵϵһص
һӦһҶҪСһЩȻ͹ҵ˵绰
ӳȥĹؼʱ̣ܲܳȥڴһˡ
ǧգڵִԽϵĸء
ֻҪٹĹ⾰Ǿܹﵽ˳ȻĺĴ뿪ˡ
ĺǸһǱȽεģΪǼһѾǧƣԲҸʲô۶ӡ
ĺڱνһ죬ʵǿ
ԽϹҲһ뿪ԽӦòʲô̫ѵ顣
ˣһǾЩףһĵ绰֮Һܿս岦һ绰ȥ
ǰ죬սҲܿͨ˵绰һһӵҵĵ绰ĲУСӻ֪һһ绰һΪأһֱڹעǵϢ˵ǽˮʥ̵³ɱˣںˮʥ̵ǵ׷ɱǣ;ǣǧҪǣСӾǲҾ֪϶ͱ¨ӳڣ
Ҳû취һʱ˵ҲͲ㳶ˣѾ̩ӳˣҪͨ·ȥϵҵĻʲôʣǱܲ˹Ӧһǣ˵ǱиѺ¶ߵĵطܲܳóڹλõһ¡ҵ
սƬ̣˵¶Щ鷳ּģ޷ֱӵǱߵΪ߼쵼ģһŬȡһ£ͨүǱߵĹϵܹãүҲʮֹ㣬Ҵ绰һ䣬ôûȸһк¶ֵģŪⲻˡ
磬㾡Ұ죬һ·ϣϵҴҴҵ˵
ðɣһҪСģһҪŻսе
ӦһȻҵ˵绰
ұûٸκϵʱҶûٸϵһ£һȫΡ


1573 Ҫ¶
Щ֮Һͻб㰲һ·ߵڣҪߵһˣֻҪһعȥǾܹȫĵִﻪģصԼĹˡ
ˮʥţȣܵȥʰǣ
ЦصѵǳԸɷģ˭֪ȶһȣҪĸ飬̫ˣǶȥ
ˮʥ̵һʱӦø㲻ǻᵽȥ
ǳԽ߾Ĵ·ߣһҲ򵥵ĽݾǴԽ߽ĴֱϣֱӵﻪĵĵʡҲ򵥵һ·Ҿ·Ͽ϶رأԽڶ·ǱǴԽϵĸۿ뿪˴ֱӵﻪĵʡ
·ˣǵʡۿϰٸҲ˵Щ͵˽СطĺС
ˮʥûȷеϢ޷Ǵһͷ뿪һǴӺ·뿪Ļںܺˮʥ̵Ķ½أʱЩ·µţΪĵ飬ԣҲŻ֪ͨս壬ЩùӦǡ
Ȼ¶ս˵ЩѣҪͨүүĹϵĻܹġ
һ켣ԽԽԽԽ󣬺ܶʱҳ鶼ôүүкˣֻһθеүүڿʼҵİΣ
ˮʥǹ϶ʮа֯ʲôֵɽ֮ģˮʥһȣֱǲһĴˡ
ҺͻпʼԽϵĽͷˣǸһ㣬רѡһЩȽεĵطΣΪҺϻֻԽϴ˼СʱͿЩ߳ˣЩ˴඼ͨģĴ磬˵ʮ־裬Щ˵д඼ֻ
ио̫Եˣ㿴ֻɨɨǵֻӦǼ˵ƬԱʱ鿴Էݣ˲ϣҲǰǿʣ˷Ļǿ϶ʲôùӳԡ
һˣҺϻԶԶıܿ
ЩʱҲ޷㿪ģϰ֮ĵڶϣھһӸʱ򣬻Ǳ˸ˣǶĵβϤھ߻̵ĵطʱ򣬻޷һЩׯ·εĺˮʥ̵ˡ
ҺͻиһƬûãӭͿڼ׿·ǻżˡ
ҺϻʶĶת˷ҪƹǣǼ˵ۼ⣬һ¾ͿҺϻЩ˱첽Һϻ첽˹
һǾ֪¶ˣǼӿ˽ŲһӵķȥҪǴĽｫЩ˸˦
ҺϻװʮִݵӣȴҴҶУЩ˱ʲô˵ԽӦͣ˼ЩԶҺϻװ
ܿ죬ҺϻǸȻӿ˽Ųֱ˦Щˡ
Щ˲ûпǵģҾЩԶ޷ȷ˭ܿҲͱܿˡ
ߵǣҺͻиսûãӭͻȻ߹ʮУǴ̩ĺɮһģһЩˣҺͻжʱЩľ
ЩɮǺˮʥ̵˻ǵͷܿ϶ͱ¶ˡ
£ҺͻʹһɫʾϻҪ¶κݵĸЩɮϿɶϢָأԷҲܲκߵϢ
˵ԷΪҺϻĴء
ΪֵϲֻҺϻˡ
Һϻǰļĺ棬Щŵӭǰļȥ
ܿ죬ǱЩӭߵһ
ǵĿ⾡Щȥǵľ۽ǵȥƳ۲ǵĶԷͻȻѵĻҲܹзӦʱ䡣
ȻҲϣ鷢
ܹоЩе˽ĿɨҺϻϣһ̣ҵĶѾᵽɤۡ
ӵʱ䣬оһô
ڣЩƺûоʲô쳣Щкܿʹ˹ȥ
һĳһڳڶ˹ȥ
ڴʱͻȻιһ磬оһֳֻץܹоĵ˵Ϊܸߡ
ãǱǸˡ
ûתȥ㽫¶˳Ҫһ
ȻҵĽȫ¶һЩϤСĸ˵֣ң
һһ˵̩̫Ϥˣһʱ벻˭
һ̣תӣǸˣҹʶ


1574 
ͻȻǰʦ
ղҺϻ̫ŵԵʣԶԶĿʮг˹ҺϻΪǺˮʥ̵ĺɮ
̩ĺл϶һ磬һɮ¶˰ӣôҲ뵽Զ̩ʦôͻȻԽϵһƫƧͷ
ЩҲǱˮʥ̵˸׷ˣʶĿЩбǺˮʥ̵ĺɮ
˵ʵʦһ̣ζӳ£˵ʲôоʦҲ֪ǾѻǵˣڻĵʱС䣬̩֮Ĺϵ֮£Ҫʦҽ⿪ͷȴȥɱĳˣҲܹʬħǸһһʦ˻ȥ
˵ʹ˽ˣǵʱȴвʦһ£һֶҽʱʦڱ֮¾ʹڸһ״ƵֶΡ
˵ҲǸʦһСӡ
Ҳ֪ʦǲǳҪ׷飬һ侮ʯɾͲˡ
һʦҲһ£ĽϽ𲧶˳˱
ҺͻдʱƤߣҲ֪ʦôϳġ
£ұȵ˵ʦϴ˰ɣ
ʦɫȻС˵ˣںˮʥǵǣҲǲٵߣѾ¶ˣ
ҺͻжһۣвЩʦ˲ΣҲ֪òøߡ
һĹϴαٴδߴٵߣˣ
ҺϻٴζһۣҾûʦȽϺãҪǣֻﺰһɤӣƾˮʥ̵ˣﻹҪѾĸ˵Щ
ҺϻӦʦһסҵĸ첲һСͬ˽ȥ
ҺϻŵĲУҲֻܸߡ
ʦʮУһ·첽У˺ͬȻһԺ֮Уȥ֮ԺˣʦԵʮֿӣӦʦͽ
ʦżӣ˲úѣǽӣ˼ء
һӣĺб㽫Ÿˡ
ʱʦ˵Щˮʥ̵ڴ绰˵ǳӣƺܿǾҪһжҪҵķԸѴ˽١
ҺϻЩ£ҿ˵ʦΪʲôҪң
ЩҲ˵£˰ȣǻһ𣬺ˮʥ̵˹ƾϲˡʦ˵ţкһУó굶˵㿪ʼͷ
Ҳֻհ졣
һﵹʡ¶һͷԴϴһٷ
ֻȻǲУʦǱ߻ƺ֮ٵҺϻϵģǲûƤ֮ĶһЩʮֽӽƤɫƤƵĶճϣٵĸıٵģ
ܿ죬ǾͱʰˣЩнҵͷ£СķźãȻóɮۣҺϻϡ
ҺϻҲƬ̵ĳɣ±ٵĻɮۣ·Ǭ˱֮С
߸ոʰҺϻûüվӿԼʲôģˣԺ㴫һӵ죬Ǻˮʥ̵
ʦɫһ࣬˵߰ɣҳȥһǲҪ˵Щá
лʦҿ
ȻʦţҺϻ⼸б˳ȥ
Ժһ濴кˮʥ̵Ժ⻹мɮ
Щˮʥ̵Ҫȴʦ˸סˡ
ҪΪʦĵӣǾκβǡһɮ
ʦУǲܽȥһСе
ҪȻɶǲˣ
ôˣ泳ʲôأǱߵ˵ţʦǰȥһϡ
Щһʦ׷һԣʦ
Щˮʥ̵һʦʱҲŵģʦ˫ֺʮһ񣬳ƺһʦ
ʦҲЩ˽⣬̩ͺܳԵĿʦڵĽ¸̩ʮ̩ĻҲʦмӣЩˮʥ̵Сආ̫
Ǻˮʥ̵ģҪұʲô𣿡ʦһ־ӸµĿ˵


1575 ð
һɮģǰٴγʦһ˵ʦ̩λ²ðԻĵĿ֮ͽǺˮʥ̣ɱ˵³ʦո˿ܵֻǷ鿴³ʦܹͨһ£һԺӡ
Ȼ֪ʦ̩λ󣬻ȻǺˮʥҲ̫ûнʦ˰ɣһʮĺǰһɫ˵ȻЩˮʥ̵˺η塣
˵ҲǣʦΪߣλҲ̩ЩеҲָģʵǶˮʥûʲôµġ
²ðʦֻ˶Ǻˮʥ˵ʵ̫ҪˣǾԲܷŹģʦӦʣطһѣҲǷ£ϣʦҪΪǡǼһʮֳϿҵ˵
Ǻˮʥ̵Ľէ³ҲЩ飬Ǿñ˽ذ𣿡ʦ
ҡҲûа취Ҳǽܵص𷣣ʦǡǺɮһΪѵģ亹ˡ
ŻˣʦһǾͲɡϽ뿪ҪűС
ЩɮлȻٵĳ˽ȥԺ﷭ȻҺͻоվʦ󣬻˸ģ˸ͷﻹϵĳ
ЩѲʮϸӻԺ˶˹ûʲôؽ֮ĵطǴ򿪡
ǲƤߣëûҵ
ҪҵŹˣҺͻпæиϲѡ
Һϻֱˣž˹ˣ֮īүӣȻ·ʦҪڣѾˮʥ̵ˣĻȡ
Щˮʥ̵æһܿͷ۷˻
ʦٴȻôҵ𣿡
ûСðʦʦˡˡһɮȵ˵
ðɣʲô֣ʦʵ
ʦʲô˼Ǻɮɫһ
ȱлǽէ³ʱ򣬻Ὣġʦ
Ǻɮŵһ¾͹˵ϣʦ
һ£ЩҲʦͷֹ
ʦһڵģվһʱߵһͻȻŭǻ
㣬Щ˲վ汼˳ȥ
ܿ죬ԺӱྲʦǼʹһɫʾǰغȻԴҺϻ߽ӡ
һݣҸҪ˵ЩлĻʦһ֣ȻһŹֵķӡͷӡ˹ȥȻһʱųӿɡ
ʦǱȽСĵģһϣǸǽж
ֶʮָҼһùǰص鿴ŵļүӣ̧֮ϳҲҪͭǮ֮ķá
ȻʦΪһЩ
֮ǰһ֣ص˵ʦǶ˼ˣҪȻιƺӳȥ
ĻͲҪ˵ˣ˵ʵҲƲǺˮʥ̵Ϊܹɱ˵³ҲΪǵİһ£ںˮʥ̵УֻǸ³ļһΪбֶκ֪ж޹˵Сʦ
ӷ𡭡ʦȱΪնˣ֮ĸɮҲûƨ
ʱʦҲЩЦݡ
˵ʵʦһֱһаĸоʹϴɱʬħһʬħǼҲһ¶ҾЩθǿ˵࣬ž͸ˣһ˿϶ɲ
Ҹʦ֮䷢飬в̫˽⣬Ҳûϸ˵
Ƭ̣ҽʵʦôϳģ
ܼ򵥣ҲǸûжãմӴﴫڷ𷨻˺ˮʥ̵ڴ绰˵ǾļһܺãƤߣϢǴ·ƺЩŵıһ۾ϳ㡣ʦ
üһлǲ򵥣·Ͼϳ۲Ŀǹϸģ£ʵʦôԽأ


1576 Ӫ
˵ҲˣܵԽ̨ʦ룬ǰ˴𷨣·˴ЪϢһ죬һ뿪ģ֪֮仹ʮԵġʦ΢Ц˵
ǻԵﶼϡ
Ǳ˸طʦһһδ㣬˵ںˮʥǶߣνΣأҪ뿪ﲢô׵顣
¶Ѿڵϣˮʥ̾ҪŪǣѾǾ˽֪顣
һֱ֣һЩΪˮʥ￴ҺϻӰ˵ͻжϳǵ·ߣҪôǴԽϱϣֱﻪģҪôͨ·ȻͨѶ豸ôһȥƺˮʥ̱Ὣ󲿷ֵľȫԽһˡ
¶Ҳ˵׼Щˮʥ̵ֻǿҺͻеıӰûȷǵݣǱ⻹һδ֪
ڣҺϻѾȷʦûе⣬ҲͶû̫ǵļƻ򵥸ʦ˵һ£̫Ĳû˵ֻ˵Ǵȥ˳֮취뿪
ʦһ˵ںˮʥǶ˺֣ܶȫʮ˶ΪѲ⼸ˣһ·֮Ͽ϶ٲϼ̲飬пŵùĻһУһ·ϣҲӦһ
⻰˵Һϻٴһ㶡
ʦΰǽΧѾǴˣȻǸһߡ
˵⵹һܲ⣬ʦ̩ĵλĸɮǺˮʥҲǡ
һߵĻ·ܹ̲ܶ飬ʦݣҲõġ
벻ͨǣʦΪʲôҪң
Ҳò룬һʦ뽫ҺϻʱȶסȻȴˮʥ̵ĴֱֹӽҺϻΧˣ㶨ǲŻһʧ
ϾҸʦ֮Ҳ̸жõĽ飬һЩСС㣬ղЩˮʥ̵˵ҿ˶˵ˮʥ̵Ľէ³ϵǳ
ΪʲôҪðŵˮʥ̵ΣնûʲôϵĻأ
ҺϻЩɡ
ʦҲƺǵĹǣ΢΢һЦ˵λҪᣬҲû˼ΰǵԭҪΪˮʥ̵ĺܶΪҲʮֵĲб̱һʮаĴڣŷħѮͳͽȫ۵ģֻϧˮʥ漰෽棬ǽէ³̩ҵףҪ̫ˣôҲֻ⼸˲ŸҸˮʥΪУҲʮǵĵʶģָҸɵʵǲ
һ£ʦֵͽڿ˵ЩȫǱʵ룬ңǰʱﱾŪǸñǳΪһεķԾҲҪ˱ﱾһл⡣
һػͻȻʦѵͲ¶֮󣬺ˮʥ̵鷳Ǻˮʥ̵Ľէ³Ĺϵ̫ˣΪ㣿
˵Щˣʦûֻǵ˵Ҫ˵Ҹէ³֮Ľ飬ȫԺԲƣ̩˸ӵĹϵ֮£է³֮ǰҲֻ˵ò룬ϵҲ˵ĹȥʵﶼףǱǶӪеˣһͳķͽһħѮͽˮû̩ٷеͣħ֮ջһսǰԼǰǵķͽǵһ죬ϣܴѹǵ
ʦһ˵ʱҶЩȫ߽ˡ
غ飬ʦ϶ܺħѮǷͷǱǶġ
ʦǿһ˵ʵ
Ǹվսǿĺˮʥ̣úܶ˶֪ˮʥ̲ǿ󵽲սʤģǻǽ³ˣ
֮𣬿ԭ
ܺõĿͷԺи˳սˮʥ̡
Ϊʲôˮʥ̷Ҫصԭ
뵽ЩȻ˺ܶ࣬ʦǾҪ£ǣⱾһס
΢΢һЦ˫ֺʮʦʦֻҪܹҪҪõǵĻ岻ݴǣ


1577 Ķ
õҵŵʦʮָˣ΢Ц˵ǻоŻһԿһޣ㲻ʳԵģڽǰȫ͵˳飬λҲɿģƾű̩ˮʥ̵ҲὫ̫ѿ
Һϻվһͬʦ񣬿˵ǾͶлʦˡ
ʦ̸Һϻпο˺ܶ࣬£ʦǰסһ䣬˵һᶯǰ˳·̱ɵִ
Һϻص˷֮ϻ˷ţҴһ顣
֪ϻҪ˵ڻ˵ʱǽСȸ˳Σŷ磬˲žðġ
мСȳȥԺ󣬱Сĸ˵СţʦףһﲻǸ˰ɣ
ݸһЦʵϻ⣬ʦ˭Ķ֣
ˣϼһϵϢǿšһ飬Ҳ͸ƽ֣ߴʮҲƲ˵
ˣҪǿǺˣôĻӣһ˾ͽǸ㶨ˣģҾ϶ֵģûɣղҲ˵ˣˮʥ̵ȫۣ׻˵ĺãͬΪıԹаô˵ҲǴһһ˵һսϵģԣȫ԰ķڶЦ
Դͷ˵ͦôһ¶һһ㲻˵ʦΪôߣʱǵķͽĸˮʥ̵ˣܹʲôã
ͲˣЩֵȻóǶôڵĸ֣һǾԿսһһǿߣǵĺ³ڤˮʥ̵³ֻҪֵܼšһ𣬱η壬˵£ǻмְյġֵܼĬеģֱǾɱʦǿصһʱˣֵܼ֣ԿԶһ档
˵ЩĺٺЦ˵㻹˵ôһ˵ͻȻԼţȵĲˣ˿ʦۿ治һĶࡣ
ǵ˳ֻǾ֮ͣ˳ˮѣʱҪǵʱǿҪģ˵¶㣿ϻЩʱ͸󿴱ʣֻűȥ۹ҪŵĳԶһЩһѧѵѧģ
жʱͲˣƲŴ٣˵СʲôʱҲôˣ۱ʦĻ࣬ǲǸɴһʱˣЩӶѧȥˣ
ֻЦЦû˵ۿɲǸѧģҾǾ̫ˣչթļı֮ĥģ׻˵һǵһǱ˵
ϻ֮ұתһȦܿҵһ澵ӣȥһա
ʦǸӸһͷһ϶ЩֽţһЩƤƵĵĶоϽͰ͵ġ
˵ʵǲͷǵѣҿ϶ӡ
ʱҲûа취
ڣ۵ӺãʲôͶÿͷҲʦƽӹһԵ÷ɫͦڣһ̩Ǳߵʮֽӽˡ
ϻһܴڰȫˣֱ˯ˣһ·ȷʵۣͦľսġ
ȴûϻôģ˯ţҽһֵܸģȻҪǺö˶˵ĸȥҪʹԱҪƿȫ֣ȡһʧźá
ҹ֮ұֻֻܿϾͳ˼δӵ绰Ȼһš
δӵ绰ûпǶȷʵңΪҷŵ
һĶţҲЩ࣬С¹ײʶľͽǶŸˣ֮󣬱ֻһ仰дСŸ磬ڻܵ㡣
ΪŵϢƿߣ߷϶ָƣҲ֪ڵ壬Դϴθֲ״Ĺϵ֮֮Ͳһ΢㺡
Ҫ˵ϲɣҲôһǲôң̸ϳ˼ĺ룬ӣһθУϾϵĵһŮˡ
ԥ˺һҲ͵͵ĸһŹȥشҲʮּ򵥣һжãҪչ˺Լһȥϵ
һŷȥЩů⣬ͬʱһȻʧ֮С


1578 ִ˳
Ǹ֮Ƭ̣һţдСŸ磬һҪ뿪ʱעˮʥ̵Ķʲôһ㷢Ϣġ
ţͷһüͷһܿͻһңعϵ
֮˵ΪǺˮʥ̲鵽ͷϣо仰˵ĺãң̫עˮʥ̵ĶĻ׾ˮʥ̵ע⣬Ӷ¶ԼǺˮʥ̵֪Ҹֹ֮ϵĻ˵ҪЮҳ棬ʱǾȻǲأ
ܹܱǶĺǻ
ŹȥûлظȻҾͿһǼδӵ绰
ս壬ȻүүнӺһĵ绰
үүĵ绰Ҳأģ°Ǳʲôս϶ҵģҺܿ͸ս岦һ绰ȥ绰㱻
磬ôˣ
඼ˣߵǲȻүӵĹϵЩ˲ſϳ棬ƿ϶мùȥǹٷĳ֣صĺڽ֮ȻûţΪԿֲܹѺЩħͷ϶Ҳȥ˵ǰɣ
ǿ϶ģصҪûмţȵӵĸ֣ס⽭˶Ӣۺܣ¶ˣȥһȾơҸ˵
СҲҪ˵̫磬ҿ˵ǰͷȥ⼸ûִ﹫λã϶뵽Խϵ캣һҪףΪ漰֮ϸ𣬲̫ܽȻǻǿˣҲ˭ܱߵЩСǹ¶ûл⣬Сձӹ׹Ҳǻ΢еŵǻ£أǵŵǵִ﹫Ҹұ֤ǵľ԰ȫ˭ҲκβǡսȻ
ʵҾҪǵĽӦҲûЩĴðҹܣҲò̫ס
ܹõսߵ֧Ԯоÿο˲٣Ȼ˼ҵ˵绰
ţָһһ绰ȥһǱߵûʲô̫ǵʲôطˣоǱҲһЩһϺˮʥ̵˲õԾ͸Ӷǰʱһͱˮʥ̵ˣҺɷӦļʱһԻֱӽԷ˸Ժˣǲųûѡ
֮һ飬ǿйıһֻҪڣܹΪģĹ̫ˣܴ˾ϲ
ұһĺʲôˣǱ׼׵
һ˵϶û⣬ʲôźˣֻҪһͷžˡ
ˣûʲôҰˣܾﻹȱһЩʲôһʱҲ벻һּ򵥵˼䣬˵绰
⼸ҲЩˣҹҲȵ˯һ
һ˯ĺ㣬ڶһ磬Ǳ㱻ʦĵӽѣһ𣬼򵥵ĳһǱ·˳ķ
ʦȻλȻΪʮȴɮһ㣬ΪҪߣ֪ʦȴѡ˲Уһ·ߣһ·㲼𷨡
ԽطҪǱߵ࣬ûǰ࣬Ҳôʦһ·ߣҲٶزأнٶҲˣҺϻҲʱһԽϵķ顣
Խϵĳзչһ㣬ܷĳУҲ͸ĵĶ߳һ㣬硣
طɽغܶ࣬ɭָʮïܣĦг˺ܶ࣬קӣĦгǸоܳƵģ϶Цݡ
Ȼһŷ̵˺ܶ࣬ЩˣԽϵڶʮֵĿ𾴣ʱڰϣˮͳԵģ϶Ƕġ
Ȼһ·Ҳ˺ܶˮʥ̵ˣЩҲֻǿϼۣû̲飬Ǿ벻ǻһȺе·
ֵһ˵ǣԽϵĺܶطܹĵĽǶԹŽĺܺãЩŽϵּ󲿷ֶģӺܾǰԽϾǻĵĸʱԽѡʱ򣬶Ҫߵ׼һϹҲɹԱЭҡ
һ·ʮ̫ƽһ·ͣ㣬֮󣬱ִǸ˳ĸۿڳУһұһһ绰ȥ


1579 ñط
ǵ˳ʱѾǰʱ֣յ˳ұʦһȫڣȻһһ绰ȥ
绰ܿ챻ͨӵ绰һһӵҵĵ绰һԵЩСŸ磬ǲѾ˳ˣ
ǽոյأСʵ
ǽ糿ҲǸյ˳Ѿĺˣ͵ǹˣѾȫʰ׵ǸϽɣǵһׯ԰뺣߸ۿھֻмľ룬Ǹׯ԰һϻſڣ߾ͻ˽Ӧǹһ
ãϾ͹ȥԵƬ̡ҵ
õģӦǵһˣһ㿴˾ˣͺáһٴе
ãϹȥ
򵥵˵һ֮Ҿ͹ҵ˵绰
ʱתͷʦʦҲ΢ЦſңҿڣǰȫʹˣԸ汣ǣǿ϶ټģҪǵҵĳŵˡ
Һϻʦһһأʦ˫ֱ֣ҺͻеԴϣ΢Ц˵߰ɣסԽǵĹͷԽǲܴĴ⣬ص֮󣬼ǵø𱧸ƽҲҪˣ֮ǰ̨ĿʦԼҪĸϵźá
ʦһ·أ£ûɫ
ʦ˵ͷ㲻ٶԣȻתʮӳ෴ķȥʦӰʧǰʱҺͻвŰһķԸҴҵĳ˵Ǹطȥ
һ˵ǣһֱߣ߾Ǻߣ϶ˡ
ԼһСʱ֮Լĵص㣬һ滹дģȻһصĵطһׯ԰Ҳ֪ǲһ˵Ǹط
ҺϻǺеĴ磬˿̾վſڣҲԵͻأ
ȺƬ֮󣬱һʮ꣬ñӺī˳˹һ
Ǹܿߵǵߣ鿴Щɡ
һû˵ҺϻڶһеĴ硣
ԥһų˹˵ǡ
һ˵ǺҺϻ֪ûˣ˿϶һǵġ
ǰһ΢Цʵλʩǲǹ˵ģ
Ҳ˵ǺᣬǸ˺ܿ˵ͷ˵ǡ
߰ɡҳ˵Ȼнӹ˹һƻŽ
һ˵ĶģȷǵݣС˵λүߡ
˵ţҺϻ󣬳Ǹׯ԰˹ȥʮ֮Ǳ㱻쵽һׯ԰֮Уׯ԰󣬵ſվڷڣ󲿷ֶߣҺϻһԲ˿첽Уһֱׯ԰֮еһУǾֱ¥ȻǸ˴˷䣬ǾͿˣǿ˵ʱҺϻ¶οЦݡ
Щ죬ǹһأ֪˶ĥѣٴˡ
վŵɡչһ⻹ĺ¡
һҺϻһеĴǵǰ˵϶¶֮ɫǺܿϳǡ
ǧ䣬Һϻ϶ǲģֵǼദľˣ˴̫Ϥһ֪Էʲô
˴ϲ׷׼Ī
չһܿǰһץסҵĸ첲һץסҵĸ첲㽫
СŸ磬ټˣܹٿ̫ˡһ
ǰһ·ҪˣüζҵҺҺϻǼôʵ
ˣҲѣһ·֮أҲˮʥ̵ˣӦǵĿĵءһ
Ҹֵܼ棬Ǻһĺǰһ֣˵ϵܣԴϴһҲûмˡ
ǧԮ뿪ʵǰ˴æһֱǣ϶ϴԸϾˮʥ̲ʲô顣
λҲܵ˼ң£Ҳһ֣˵ϸ磬лôԶĹԮ֣Ҷʾл
˻֣ЦϵܿˣֻǾ֮ͶѣǶҲӦõģһ·ˣʲôġ


1580 
˷ֱĺ
ʱֿʼҽߵˡ
һ׳߲Ҫһ׾ţһĸ⣬̫Ѩ߸߹ֻɨһۣұ㿴˳еһ͵ĺ򣬵ǿ˵ݣͷЩҰףӦʮˣȻ˺õͣǺȻΪҲ͡
˵ֽ£ĵ£߶꣬Ĺ
˵֮ǰȥʱ򣬲ûмˣҲ֪Ǵðġ
˽֮ǽ±ǰһ˵ϵܡ
һȻҲǿͿģ˿ĵ
һ½磬ֺܷţ˳Ĳ֣ΪǶһӣ͸ڵĽӶеһȣоһշƵģ㣬ЦеģŶžϲ죬һ崺֮Уһ㵹ǸʮС
ĺˣԭǸ³ڤһʦ³ڤɱ֮ͱТʵҲǿһΣıߣ뿪Խֱ飬һֲٰġ
ˣҲʮ£ʮֵأظǽһ
糯һ֣ǺЦ磬ֵܣҲλֵܣԺλүղǣλ׹һ治ͬ죬λүܣ
˶һ֣ĺ˼䣬¶
һ˶˲ˮһߺȲ裬һ뿪顣
˵һжˣ뿪ĴһһǾ뱦Խ˳ĴֻÿڶҪˣʱ뿪Ҫһ뿪һģκε©
ΪСûϳ˴뿪ׯ԰֮׼˳ӣʱֱȥͷ
ͷҲֻܽа˹ʮֲĹ⾰Ǳɵ
һжžһҲûʲô
˵һ˵Ҫ뿪ˣлЩúʲôûӡ
ܹôɵ뿪
оЩ̫ʵء
ʱҲ˵һʲô飬оĲУҿ˲ûֹǣԼ˰ɣΪÿ鷢Ҷĵطȥ룬ȻĴ㡣
ʵҺϻʱѾˣһһٷͺ
ֵһʱ䣬ʱ䵽ҹ֮˱һк˵Ҫ뿪ˡ
һ˵ҪߣжĲС
иϲ˵Ҫ뿪طˣǲ֪жôǵĻģүģôãÿ춼׷һڲٵˡ
ϻĻ˶ͬУɲԴ֮ûһ찲ӡ
չȴһȡЦϻ㲻һֱ̫ҪȻ죬ֵȻȥ㡣
ȥһ̩û˵棬ȻȥȷͷˣүģһҪɱơϻһ޵ģ
г˼䣬׷׵¥¥ѾмڵȺˡ
һΣһȫͬһԼҲһЩ
֮ұ㽫Сȸ˳һûʲôèãȿٵļһ飬ʲôûио
һ
ʣµĻ£һǰ濪һ֡
Ǻĳм䣬㳯ͷʻ˹ȥ
ڰϣұ㽫ˮ˳źߺܽұ߶ʼӦٻֻԣ֮ô֪ͨԹҲΪ˷һ˭֪;ᷢʲô顣
ǺҲ֪δҲҪһʱ䡣
еĴһɹ٣ںߵٶȻԳ֮
ܿ죬һ뿪˳ǣźͷľԽԽ
ڴʱҵͻȻͻͻ˼£һʮǿΣжʱ
ãҸоһʲôҪ
ڴʱͻȻҵߣЩ˵СŸ硭ȾЩ̫Ծš
ȵĻһ䣬˶ʱĿɿڴж˵Ͻ𲧣УͬʱҲӸͣ


1581 ѾҪ
һɲ˵ӽűǾҵһΣȻǡžǷһһƬ
ǹ
ǹһɲǣ˺ܿ˹ǵ˱ȻǺˮʥ̵ˡ
Ϊʲôˮʥ̵֪ǻڽһطѾܿǵˣ֮ʣȻǱҪǹһɲǼ䣬оͷӦ˹ֱӽеϽ𲧸˳ȥһʱâ貣âʢϽͷų˷ɣֱӽӸЩӵҪǮƵĳкӲͣЪ
һſĺܵͺܵͣ˫ıסԴǹͣһ̣˺ܿ콫ƿȻ˵ϡ
һڵأٵ˼շ仯ϣ˵ǰ档
ϽֵǸһӵк֮Ȼ࣬ϻ˼ϽͷųĹһЩ
ȶ˾֮ҿٵĳɨһۣǳĳһۣҲӳһһķεķ֮в˺ɫϢһϣǼ˶ĳ߿
һǰһŵЩ˵УѾ˴룬˴ӳϻĳ˹
֮ǰ϶˺ܶ׼Щȥƽƽ棬ʵзʩģҪȻһӵкǰϵĹƶˡ
һ˲䣬һ飬϶Ǳ߳ǣΪҲܵϮĳӶӵǧٿףȫˡ
Ǳ߳ǣǵĳӾԲᱻӵǸӡ
п㽫Ͻ𲧷һڣǼȫ˽
һʼʱҵľ㷲ܾҪʲô鷢֮ǰҽеĿܴڵԺйһ飬ûʲôȫ˺ˮʥ̵ķ©أ
ԴҲûһȻ
Ĺ򣬵Ѿ˷ֱӽǸΧм䡣
˵٣֮ڡ
ܿ죬ҵһˣҺϤһŽϣĸ׳̧ţ߻Ǹ̫Ϥˣϻйһ֮Ե˱Ǻˮʥ̵ĶߣȻˡ
һҺϻǾ岻ѣһֲ̫ˣԲֵܹġ
ǲûֱˣûҺϻ㾪š
ܺѹѹһƬˣеŷеŻֱӳΧ£ȦӲϵСĹЩ˱ʮ֮ڵķΧ
һЩˣĺЩˣ⡭ôô
˭ô֪ôĪı˸Χˡ
ɨһȦЩδȻңϵܣ⵽˲ӣ߿϶ûʲô⡣
ѾǼƽʱ򣬵֮ʣǻҪϺȫԸŻĿܡɻͷһ
ˣҲܱһģԾ޷ȵġ
һôˣﻹܵˣôӵĵ㿴ô֣ǾǲҲѷɰ
ô˵ҲǱһۣܲó۵ıɫסţһ̣˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣һҲ
Щĺˣ֪ԼЩʧ̬ˣտڲǳܾţʲôɳ֮
ʱǺˮʥ̵ĶѾǰʮ׵ĵطĸ׳ķ˵ϣܵЩˮʥ̵ŪĹҲſǰߵļһһͷѾܴܴˣüëͷͺȫǰɫġ
֮УƺīүΪϵܣȻͱȻīү֮ϡ
϶ʹ󣬵Ǿʮ壬۾͸ЩɨһۣͻȻЦǼˣʼջûѱģͷǿɻʲô˵ģ
Ҳûʲô˵ģʣô֪ǻߵģҪǲҲҪףǰһʵ
ѾҪˣԼ˶أñԹȥ֣ߵ


1582 ˭ͽ
ͷδ̫һЩ˰ɣɱ˵³Ȼһ·ߵһ·׷ɱҪûеͣ˵սǰһǺη֮ɫ
ʱߵ߱˻еϣɨһ۵ǻаɣԽ߾ɱҵˣǺϿ֣Ҳǣ
һ˵¶ͻȻЩҧгȻҺϻ飬϶ڻ
Ǵ˵еװȲɷݵĽ֣ºˣ϶׵ûкùӳԡ
ĵȷЩˣĿıһߣˣĻ뵽컹϶
˴ߵġ
еˣ˹һظٺЦ㻨үүɵģǲǾ㻨үүдĲҪҪҲд֣ҪȻдˮˣǧϱ㿴ô⼸һдȥǷˡ
ϻһѼӲԽ֮¾ԽˣҪһܣڸɼ֮ǰʹ죬ϲԿˡ
£ܵˣ۾һɣŭһȻһΣΧĞųĵϽ۵ķһһʱ侹ҡҡ׹֮С
ԼãҪϣӦʮּ򵥵顣
֮ûһҪŪǣҲװȵġ
ȫܹ⣬밡ԴǸ˵³֮һ·׷ɱһ£ëûҵ¿ǰ
ôүɣѾͦĲǾӣҲӲ۵ָɽ
ڴүסˣַӾŪǣǺûУûУ
ǵˮʥ̵³
϶ߵ뷨ûģŪ֮ǰװװȣ԰԰ڡ
ôҲ벻ͨǵϢй¶ȥģ
ɵ˾ֻһǽµʦһ·Һϻ˹ǳһѴȫվһߵġ
ͻȻ䣬һʮַ뷨ð˳ѵʦʱһʰҺϻ˸ǵֵܾһʱֱӽһ򾡣
ȥĻʦδ̫һЩ
ѵ֮ǰ˵ĻǷƨɣ
ԼʦӦòˣؼһرǵȷǱ۵ġ
뵽ҳɨһۣҪﵽûʦӰģҼƴһҲҪŪ
ܵıε˱ңҲǴ޷ܵġ
ȻҿٵɨһȦ֮󣬲ûзʦӰҲ֪ǲҶˡ
ǳʦ֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôܹǡ
һʱޱȵɱ
һ֮󣬳Ĭ˺һſҵʵһֱһûиףǱԽ߾Ĵ֮УģһƬѾˣӶѹ˺ü飬ɾҲǵκټܷһأ
΢΢һЦߣ˵ĺ֪
ߵ˵ͷӦһ
ǺðɣҿԸ㣬ҲҪһ飬ǽΣҵ
֪ʲô˵ɣ˱֮ұȻһĴ𰸣סߵ
ܺãɽˡ
Ӧһʵܼ򵥣ͨˮ·뿪ģһֱ£ˮ´СʱϣʱҽǸ´ڸ˻УǴԽһӶݵġ
ڸ˵ʱ˸ۣûˮ顣
߶ʱһֻȻĸо˵ͷ˵Ǳˣȷû뵽һ㡣
ߣǲǸûشҵˣҵ
ǲ֪˭ʵܼ򵥣Ǹ˾ڡ
˵ʱȫ۾ţ¾¶
ڴʱ˶ûԤϵ鷢ˣͻȻ˵ĲҽУȻ󻨺еϽͻȻһʧȥ˷𷨼ӳ֡
СŸ磬Сģ
ͬʱȵȻҾͱһƵһԡ
ǻͷȥʱȴֱ˳ʮ׿⣬Щˮʥ̵վһ
ĺѾ˵ϣһѪ
үģͽȻǸ磬ԴҲ뵽顣


1583 µĻ
߸˭ǣߵãֱʵжžžǽһࡣ
ܿ죬ǾͿͽһ֮һͽ
ǸͽǱˣĺ£ǸӣһЦ滢һĴڡ
ھ۾˵ʵʱСӴ£ͻȻѱ䣬ֱӶԺ޷ǽ͵Ϯ
Ǹ͵Ϯֱ͵ϮҺһˡ
Сʮֵ׺ݣҪһһĵģϺǴһǹıģһȥûнǽҲڴԼס
Ӧһ˹ȥĿѪȻһΣϻעϵʱƿķϣֱ˳ȥ
ڵʱҲ͵ϮҺһðűϻ𷨼ӳֵճסһҺһһ١
ˣĹҲ͵ϮѪ֮С
ǾѾһʮֱߵ³ͻȻѱ䣬ĸޱȵ⡣
ҳܶ־棬ΨһΣ޷ܣֱ裬ѩϼ˪
һ̣ҶʱعǼշٴλ˵ΧЩˮʥ̵˴ǹ
㶯ʱ򣬻ҲһεĴ߶Ͻ𲧣˷ϣ˵Χ
иԾ岻ѣʱһ½µģûбǣڵʱҲû͵ϮôһĹɣȽѶԸýһصĽɫԲûж֡
½ӵϲ˵ĲᣬһֱѪ
ոսǽ¶ʱŭɶͽ磬ƿڴ磬飬ȻҽҪʬΣ
ǼҲ׷׿ǰһеô
µġҺϷϴһӼףҪȻѾɥȪˡ˵ͬʱĿҲޱȷŭĿ磬֮ƺҪʵԵĻ
ŭ֮ʱӲԶһ˵ĴЦ֮Ц߷ģЦ֮˵ǲ֪˭֪˰ɣ
ɵ¾Ȼ㣡һߵ
ߵ֮ɫԱͲЦеĿǣڵȴһϷ
³һѪĭӣŶ磬һֱ㣬ΪҪң
ƵһЦǰһ˵ģʵɱˣ³ڤ³¿֪֮һȹҵĺͽ½ϻһͬݺ³ĺ֮λ㻹Ϊ˱ܼҵ߹̻ǣֱĺﶪ棬ξҪŪȺ½Ϊ³ѩޣΪĺͽ
ŭһ༥磬ҪôˣʲôѵϷ򻹲֪ҪңȻĺλãԼûǸ£ԲŻṴˮʥ̵ˣһͬҪ˱Ҳǣ
㶼Ѿ䵽㾳ˣ˵Щʲôô𣿡ҲЩ˵
ȴЦ˵磬ĴȥɣҪ֮λǳ룬ĺﶼϷţûϷĶ׼˭ҲӦ֮λ˭ܹ㣿
ƤЦⲻЦ˵ĺʱ򣬻Ǹɱɱù£Ĺ£˭ҪǲűǣЩţһúչ˵ģնݳǣ
㡭ңŭ˼
ʲôҵģЦģȰ㻹ǺúõҪ˻ˮ˵ϻһҲδ֪Ⱳǲٻصˡֵ
ģҲ˱ڣܲˣƾҪӳȥɱˣȴһ£
ʵ־棬˭Ҫʱѱ䣬ֻĸһЩǺˮʥܹŹҲ϶뿪
İʯ֮졣
ѾˣǹԹԵĹͶɣҲνĵֿߵ


1584 
ֻһͽˣϰҲ̫ΣˣֻҪֵܼڣ¶Ƕ¶ҪǹͶ붼Ҫ룬νϣ꣬˾һ缸ʲôʱ¹ţͷ˭˭ôث֣ǰһָߴ
Ҿϻһ㣬ʲôʱǲܶģһʱȼ˶־
ǰ˾һҲƴһѣɱǼˣϼ汳ģҪⱾ
ߵ۾һ˲Ŀ£Ŀ絶һιÿһ˵ϣһ˵ˣҾǵĵɫܹôԶĵطɱǺˮʥ̣˵ʵҪɱ˵³Ϸ⽫Ǽ뱾£ΪãǴ˿̣ǱҪ
һ䶨֮ͻȻһӣǽֱӾɢ˼ܣһŷĩȻڿն𣬻һͳ˹
һΧųӿণ޶˿ֲһҪ춼ĸо
˻ֻǺˮʥ̵Ķǵһէ³ʲôĴڣǸҸүһţȵɣ
˿̣飬Ҷ룬߳ɱҵһͼ˽꣬߳˹ȥ
Ͻķһ֮£ûκ赲Ŀܣ̱߽⣬ֱȻһƾͳ˹
һұ콣һɨǧ㳯ߺ߿˳ȥһ֮һɫƳһĽ㳯߿˹ȥҴ߶߶֮ǰѾеķӡˣǿͷ˳Ҳֻͷųһ֣һնȥҼѾʹȫ
֪ߵΪǿƿֲˣƺĺԭȵǸ³ڤҪܶ࣬ǵݺĽնȥ֮ߵθûκεֻͣһֻһӣǵնȥĽʱתìͷ˵ϣһӡ
һ̣֣߱ҵĲץ˹
˵ʱʱ죬ۿߵ־ͿҪҵĲϵʱһѳĳбֱһּֿǧĸûзӦʱ䡣
Ȼٶֻܶ˵Żǧһ֮ʣ΢΢һΣɶ㿪һ
һȻǰչֶιԪնӽֶΡ
ڶ㿪һ֮ЩԾ̾ý
δ䣬߶ʱı˷򣬳Űչɱ˹ȥһԵһæӦǹǽ˳ǽһ滹⸡ž죬һɱȥͬʱؿҲкֻܿؿԾȻֻ˶İ׺ٵĳ߱˹ȥܶͬʱβϵı仯Ρ
Ǿ˫ĳ椵ģÿһολϹ̻ΣҶļֱǾĶǣλϹҲżĵУʵС
Σ֮ʣ˭ҲҲ˽ҪԼΪֵֶʩչУҪȻ˭
λϹҲò
ս֮ЩִĻʧȥã˵ζڿٵƶЩ˸׼ǵΣ߸սȦ֮УҿǹĻˡ
Ȼ󣬻Ҳ˶Ըߵս֮С
չһλϹ̣ټϻУһʱ佫߸Χм䣬ɱ
ԣǼ϶ҲߵĶ֣ҲܹʮлʮС
սһ̣㲻֪ȥʲôط϶Ӳˡ
սʺμӣִʲôȥˡ
սһ죬ܵЩˮʥ̵˶ʱ˷һӿ˹
ұڱЩˮʥ̵Ⱥ֮֮ǰһЩֶΣҪȻȺˮʥ̵ЩһǱս֮С
һǾͶԸˣǱȻҪ·һ
һܿȫû
αҵϡ
걻ǿ߶âʢ˸еž졣
һεĴ߶콣аˮҵĴ֮˷ʱ죬ɳʯɣܶ˶죬кܶһ
ȻֻǸոտʼһаˮٽǼʮˣһ̣ұųһɱǶʦ֡


1585 ֱӷŴ
ղŵ콣ˮֻһиڵǡ
⼸ֵ֮УֻҵȺս·ΪȺսġ
ʦһҷų㶸Ȼһ࣬ðѵһ˻󣬱㳯Ⱥ֮һ˹ȥ
ڸղſҪ߶ֵʱѾȫ׼ˣƤӿ϶ûõģҪųȥҪǼ˵ֶΡ
Ҳǻ˶ʦ֣СȣСѾͷҸոʩչ˰ˮ֮󣬱㻯һɺɷȺ֮ƮɶȥƮɹȥĹ֮УȻΣ˫ֲͣ䣬һʱ䣬Χĵ񺿣ɫСƽض
һ̣»ͬʱ˷ð˳ЩԩһҲЩˮʥ̰Χǵ٣һʱγ˷Χ˵ľƣˮʥ̵˻սһ
ˣһǾòףóéɽ壬һΣ֮䣬±߰˾ߺëʬЩʬȻ䵯⻹ʮߺëʬС
Щ˶ǲǰðˮɱĺˮʥ̵ˣղ˷ʬҲ߲ԶλǸղű͵Ϯš
ԩʦ֣ëʬëʬһڣƿܹס
ԭЩͷɥһŪ㶯ϵıʱЩҸȼˡ
˿ҲһὫ
Ž¿һĻЩ΢΢⡭̫ˡ
ҿЩ˵ҪǿסЩΧĺˮʥ̵ˣտȺֻޣǼֵԸߣЩ𣿡
صĵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪǼܹʰߣЩȫǾͺáǸͽһɱġ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ѾŽºĺĸֳķ˹ȥ
˵Ϊ϶֮ϣԸߵս֮ò
һЩ鲻ò˵ղ͵ϮȻܵ˰ˣΪ϶ģߣΪߣȴûֵܼ֮Ĭ۵ֲߵĶ֣ؼһǣߴҲǷ֮Ҳ֣ȺͶʦֻԿһмӦǱ԰ĵȥԸˡ
ߵ鱻ҿٵİź֮ұ㳯Ǳ߿һۣǲֹֻۣǳԱɨһۣܿ㿴չֱӴ˳ȥƮɳȥԶԵ˵ϣһѪ
ѾٵˣֱӷŴаɡ
ԸЩ̬ĸ֣ǾͱҪһĳսǾַʹôУһһϣֵܼһŴг
ʱ䵢󲻵ãҲǷŴеĻС
Ǽ᧿ΣҸƬ̵ĵ飬ֱȫ⿪˷ӡкٵ澭
Ȼұ㶯˺ϴ辭
ȻѾһ˺ϴ辭ȷǶǵʩֶλǱȽϵӦ֣ұֱӷų˺С
ǿĴ߶֮£˺ϴ辭ʱٵĴ߶
Ŵһ߶ȫë׿ʼţоԴԴϵʼӿҵڡ
ЩҿҪ͵ϮҵˣʱǿĪ˹Ȼҵ־͸סǣ˺ϴ辭ݿһ㣬˺ϴ辭סˣûκη֮ӾҵĲȻۿɼٶȿٵĲȥȻѣҷ
໹ҪҵˣһͬңŵĲǰ
һ㣬ڴ߶ǿͬʱҵһ˫۾Ѿ˱仯һֻ۾Ǻ죬Ѫڣһֻ۾̵ģɭ⡣
źɫɷжħӵ֮һ㡣
ֵʩǿΣգŪã߻ħյġ
ԣұҪӿжԼܹƿסԼ֮ǰҪӲӲĸһܡ
ҵҪܲܿסʱңܲܳǻŭ
Ž꣬ҿ첽ǰһ·ȥϵɳʯȫƮ׷ױѿܿұ㵽ߣһһ㳯ߵķ˹ȥ
ǿҳʮĬͬһʱ˿һ·


1586 еǿ
˿̵еķӡҴ򿪣ȫֽ˺ʩչ˳
˵ʵһ㲻Σͷǲʹ˺ϴ辭ģΪ̫Σգ˼߻ħ
ܾѦλүӵĵ߻ħΣգһܹһǿһȫʩչһԿƵĻҲһ߻ħķյġ
ҷų˴Уһ߿ٵĶóһ·ֻҲֱʱҵķâ
ΪҴ߶˺ϴ辭ʱǿԻģֻҷԲ֮ھǴݲġ
ϵʬҲƯڰ֮Уҿٵɵ˷ɻҡ
˸ոеĽҸ߸߾Ȼ£һΣʹõ콣ǰֵ
ֻһΣ콣ǿļӳ֮£ǿ˲ֹӽֱ֮ӷһǿɫһצģֱӱ㳯ײ˹ȥ
Զڼʮ׿һģֳһ˿δɫȻ֪ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣҵϾʲô
ֻ¶˾֮ɫûеǰ֣̿Ҳ˵ʱңĽܷΧ֮ڣη塣
ǵһɫЯƿ죬ѹ˹ȥδ˫ֿٵ˼ؿڣȻؿڴһʵԵĺԲΣȻǰһƣǵеĽײһ
֮жʱһը죬ųڰ֮бȼ¡һӶȥ
ΧΧЩЩģֱӱǿƷ˺üͷ
һնɱȥ֮һεĿ첽ǰУ߻ʮ׵ľ롣
ڵһ֮΢΢һΣ˰벽
ָХ˭棬
Ҵʱ롣
ߵ˫ٴζҵϣ΢΢һΣһ£˵㣬еҪǿһЩҲ˶ѡˣܹʲô𣿡
֪ɣ
δ䣬ͻȻεضǿͣߣϴ跥˺ϴ辭Ĵ߶ҵԺһεԩŭģЩ޷Գ֣ȲҪй
ҵٴ߶Ҽ߶콣ֻһʩչǶԸ³ǸʽҲո򵽵Ľƾ
һžͳ˹ȥ֮϶ʱѿһĹ֣ʯʱһɫľһεĳϯ˹ȥ
һ۾ԲˣԵЩ֣̿һͻȻһȻһɫĹǱޣǹǽɼȻ䣬߽ǹǱ޳ſһףʱҲһɫľɷڣƾ۵ĺɫȥ
˶ĺڰ֮жȻײʯǿĳײ֮£Ǵ˿̵ҲЩסˣŲ˼ſͣ
ʵͷųһУܹ㿪ģ˿̸ͲмڶԲŻӲһС
Ҳһ֣ǱޱУʱҲſķеĹǱֳһ״ԭһǱޣһһ˲õķ
һ·ųһУʱ̩ͨҵڻԴԴϵ۶˺ϴ辭ҲҼӳֵһĳ̶ȣȲҪй
߷ӦһεϣԴԴϵ֮еĽ㳯һٿɱ
Ǳ޽ҵеĽ꣬Ǳߵһ㣬Ǳ趯֮ʱƺҵΪٶƣ˲١
һʮжƴҲûֵˣܵǱ޵ѹƣǱײʱ򣬻кܴķ֮˫ַ飬𵴣ЩĶĵĸо
Ҹ߹֮ʱƽϣǴ߳źߵλߣΪҸ߹еͬʱϵǿˮ֮һ΢ϵҲ˵еѾӦ˱ˮ飬Ѿٵĳ߹ˡ
ʵڶԸߵʱֻܽ⺣Ӷݡ
һ˺УǺԵ£߻Щ޲ߡ


1587 
ұ߲ϵĳźƶͬʱ۽ǵ⳯ŰչǱƲһۡ
ղŰչ֪ߴֱӱ˳ȥﶼѪȻ˵ĲᣬչȻվڻеĻ֮£ʼĴУǱ֮
һΣҲ֪չܹһˣЩģչܲܳܵס֮ķ֮
λֵܶڲƴ
ǰչһҲϹ̵Э֮£״
Ȼ䣬ܲΧĿ˲ࡣ
ƴˣƴˡ
ֵܼǿұʩչ˳Ū߾˵עҪڴˡ
һεķĳ߷˽콣ʽϱַȫûкȻÿһʹܹ׾ٵĻ⡣
ķӸκβߣֻܲȡһּ˵ˡ
Ǳͨ˺ϴ辭Ըߡ
ʵ˺ϴ辭һֱڷãһǿǱߵǣߵǱ޵Ļ֮£˺ϴ辭ͷӲӦеãƺֱߣҲһֱûлϵĽӴ
ûлᴴͻҲҪϡ
Ȼ䣬ֱ׳˽꣬ýʩչߵɢߵעȻҿٵĽͭǮ˳
Ǳ޵ʱѰҵһᣬͭǮͳߵĿڴ˹ȥ
Ҵ̳һʱұûоһܹ˵ҵĿĺܵǸߵĽӴ
Ȼһߵʱ߱ڳһָֻ֣ͷһĵƫ׼ͷ߻һƱ㳯ŵؿ
ʯ֮䣬ֱӶͭǮһץסߵӣȻӶײ˹ȥ
˵Һܿ͸һˣһѱסͷӣͷӹ񣬺ָпԡ
ִѾû·ЩǽͷϵƤҲ˲ˣô˵ſ߲ҵռĿꡣ
ҵߵӴһʱԵܹоߵ΢΢һ
Ȼ˺ϴ辭ҵĿ꣬ٵת
ĳһ̣Ҹоһӿͨߵٵĳߡ
˺ϴ辭ʼϵˡ
үģҾ㲻ţֱӽ˸ɣҿŵʱ
ֲĴĳһ˲仹մմϲƬ֮ͻȻŭŭһ޳СȻаɱϵΪȥɣ
δ䣬ұЩ̫Ծֵģ˺ϴ辭̫ǿһʱ仹Щѷᡣ
ڴʱҸоһ϶ʱЩֵġ
Ȼûһ飬һǿĵϹȻһֱײҵؿڣҺ߸ǿз˳
ҵӱ˳ȥӷɵ֮еʱҶܹϲɫĵâ˸
үġ߸ղŶʲô
һ·ɳȥ˺Զҹ˵ϡ
һ˲ȥȻ޺ۡ
ǿ˺ϴ辭ȻȻ޴档
ҹڵأ߿ȥʱ򣬵ߵ֮жһǶһɫһСԲ򣬻̺ž޴ɫĵâתžķһ졣
ղŽұɳȥıеǸŵâɫ
ⶫҪǿ˺ϴ辭жȥ˴󲿷ֵתƵҵϣ϶ǲҲòзϡ
ˣɸоȫֵģϵĺëͺȫֱ¸ͣ
޳Сɣ߶ݺݵĿһۣܿ㽫еҴ˹ֵģͶˣһҵϣ̾Ҫһѽ̿
ˡСŸҪС
ۿҪҵϵʱбͻȻһźâĳҵǰ棬ôһ㱻˳ȥֱȺ֮УЩںսĺˮʥ̵ʱըķѣѪɣ²Ҫʮˡ
ĺ͡
˳ǳȥվԵľȻǰչȷе˵ѾǰչΪʮֵİĮ
ҲչɹˣһεٶȵǲΣ֮ʣͦ


1588 
е򱻰չ֮ߵɫΪ֮һЩ̫İչϣĸ֣ܿʱİչѾǸղǸչˡ
İչЩмһˣһ˵ǻĵһЩʵĶͶȡɰˣʵпãҲֶΣŻ˻Уĸ֣ǲ̫Զˡ
бɵϣֵĸоԺһЩҲڿٵĻָ֪⻰ҾͲ̫ˣʲôлĵʵǶЩаֶλǴӻȥģںܾúܾǰǵط֮أĶʲôзţ
˵Ĺһ֣ܿк֣Ȼâ˸򣬱ȸղŴҵǸҪ󣬸о޶˿ֲ
ڰչϵλҲԵõһۣȻֵͷһۣûɣ
ȥʲô
Ҫ˻۾
Ҫ·ļһ︽ڰչϹǰæ˵ɶҪ䲻ɡ
޴Ȼûнʱİչ˫ָһȻ̧ͷ˿졣
ͷ֮ѹ
Ϊһڽ׸Ķ
ףƺ졣
ߵıҲȻĺܣ϶֪һףûֹҲûη壬ЩĻţ꣬һǲǸأ
˿㳡ǲܣҲŵ˿ӣλȻ˵ѵƽ׵İ취
Ļһ̫̬һЩ
߸İչƬ̣ȿʼˣһӣеͳŰչ˹
ʱİչҲͻȻһΣ˷ֱӭ߳˹ȥ
Űչʱ򣬰չٴιʼʩеĻ𾫳һű㽫˳ȥڻ𾫳ͬʱǽ֮籡һųɫ棬ɳȥʮԶȻȺ֮Уһεķ˾޴ĺѪɡ
Ԫնٴαǰչʩչ˳
δӰѵǽһʮֵŹֶѸ֮Ƴ߿ȥ
һһһһ͡
ԪնûУһ׼ȡģѻ𾫳λչĴУչʹȫһǽչΪŴʮЧһʼеʱ򣬵Ҳܹмס͵Ĺ߻˲ѹͬʱҲΪһȡ˲ٵʱ䡣
յһĻָ壬ܵսֿȥ
¶ѾﵽһְȻĽ׶Σҿĺİһ֮סԷʮΪĺɮ˿·磬Щɮ֮ǰԽ߾Ĵ֮׷ǵһ
һɮΪЩܹӽںˮʥ̵³
ˣҲܹмܵס˿ʱ䣬ΪȻǾ˲٣϶ѧ³ڤһЩֶΡ
ǸµֶҲǲһʼҼʱ򣬱ôǸĸ֣һܿߣеĺһڽĹһ˰ӣ⿴ʮֵĽʵڵķ⣬͸ȴСᡱȻ֮죬ǿһ㡣
¶ǲܲˣֻǺֱײ𲻵κãסĳһ˺ˮʥ̵һֱ֮ȻѡһĿꡣ
ǿ͵ӣֱ͸һС̹ƵģУֲ˵ؼʱ̻ܵӵ
УһɵӰղŴսһ죬ûӰˣһΪ˸طҲڸˮʥ̵Щġ
ɸö֣Ǿóֱӷų˾еľ꣬һµǧŮֶһϸһƣſǸǵҺںշǸˮһɫӡ
ﶼǾ꣬һֱΧܱߣȫ
Ҽǵɸ˵ǸŮˮҪǧɵģ˿ǧŮûбɵദĻǲ
ҹ۲սֵʱͻȻ䣬ɮע⵽ߣǵ۾һӣʱһ飬ɮֱӾͳ߱˹
үģһûָҪҲҪĽࡣ
ɮұæĵĳһȥһٶȺܿ죬գ۾ͱҵ


1589 ɫ
ʶ䣬ұ˽꣬ɮƴһѣڵҪܵĻܲǡ
ȻڴʱҶ֣һâ貵Ķ㡰һŶϷ˹ȥǶǱģǻеϽ𲧣ȻͷϷɹȥʱ򣬻һ
ҷӦбһֱӳžͳɮɱȥ
գۼĹϻɮһš
вһˣΪһŭĿյɮʱŭĿպܿ˳ϻһʰɮ
ԣϻֶΣڷŵӵҲһˮ׼ɮֻϻ˼غϣ㱻ϻһ׷ɥ֮Ȯһ㡣
ղұߵǸУһȫжˣ˿̸оԼĲУû˵澭ö˶˵ģֻܵһЩ𵴣Ӧúָܹܿ
һ·ҲҲЩٴγߺͰչķȥĹ򣬸ڰչϵλѾչ˼ʮغϣսʮֵļҡ
ֶ֪һѹեԵģҲ˵Ǽ˰չǱܣûдﵽΪǰͷ˳
ǸڰչϵĴȿðչѧֶΣҲԶԼֶΣʲôҲҪڰչλˡ
չѧֶλܻЩӦ֣ΪչѧЩѾԼΪһ壬ΪϣֻΪӳ֮£ܹΪǿ
ǴԼֶεĻҲδɣЧϻǲôһЩ
ʵչЩֶҲǲʦүΪ˵ĴҲǸǵģټǹԪնֶΣ绢
ǼʮйҷְչֵľЩƣˣЩߡ
Щʱͷ֮ͻȻ˼ף¡¡ķһ죬ڶըһ㣬ҵѪҺоλ÷ڡ
⼸޴׹űǼצ˺ҹա
ʦϣףԽ֮
ϤһεڶÿһĞų㷭ݣΪ֮ɱ
ͻغȻ
׹˭ƥУ
ȻѾǵһμһˣÿڿֲڲ֮צʱҵһƵĳ嶯
װף֪ܲˮʥ̵ߣܻܲųȥڴһˡ
ҵлޱȵĵǣΪһֱǷȻɫƺûн׷С
һ߶׷ʱһֱ߾İչʱһԣ߱˹ЩȻ֪֮ǰõļƻǾǾܵĳźߵķ򿿽Ϊһͨˮ飬ǺӦǡ
ڰչϵλûȥֱ߱
ɻǣ߲û׷Űչι̧ͷͷϵһݺܲ磬˫ָ߸߾ͻȻЦ
꣬϶ѵǳ񾭲
׸ŵģ
һ׷һ䶨֮ʱڵĲ֮϶ʱѿ˺ôһӣһѸݶ£ֱȥ
˫ţռʱһĪǿ
Ŀ֮£ǵֱӴߵϡ
һֹǧһСɽҲñķѣĿɿڴǣղһǵϵʱȻһ鶼ûУö˶˵վֻܼɫͣߡ
ܿ죬ھĪ֮ʱұеԵɡ
Ǵģ
Ī֮⣬ʮǿȻȲƺ׺䣬ʮ֮һеġ
˵϶ôηһףԭһǰͲһ׸Ի׵ΪãȻʽΪԼǿĹ
һĻɵˣɵˣܱߵ⼸ֵҲŵĹǺүģʲô
ͬʱһ׵ʱЩˮʥ̵ȴһŵĲᣬ׷ױͷܣٻЩ»ҰҲȫӰڴʱҲؽǬ˱֮У壬η⣬ΪȣҲµҪֻҪҵ߶
ȥզ죿


1590 
˼ܹ׵ΪԼõʱҵ亹˳
ǲܻߣȺ˶Ƕ֣һЩ׵뵽ԼڣȻԸǵĻһΡ
϶Űǧٱ飬ȴܴ
򲻹ܰɡ
һ׵Ÿոտʼ۵йĻܱˣҲòзϡ
˶ǻֲ̿ѵʱ򣬽һΪѸ͵׹һεĻߵϣ߷Цܼĵ֩һ״ű޶˵Ŀֲ
үģЩˣͲһųס
ܹ򹥻ҵʱӦ뵽һġ
ںڻü
һһĻ϶ҲǱߵģҳһȥʱ򣬷Ҳ΢΢ķ۾ֶ̿
һһĹڼ仹в׵ķ֦ӣЩĺˮʥ̵ˣ׻Уʱһѽ̿
éɽƵЩʬȻ׷׵ףɥʧһж
Ҳ֪ôģĿһһһߵϣȻٵɵԼڣһ̣ҵǾġ
һŽ˵ףʣͣҲһ׵ʱͻȻ䣬漣ˡ
Ȼ䣬һĽɫâ˹ȥ
ǰһ룬ǵʮ׼ʱĽ߸
һ֮ױص
һΣԭվŵĵطʱ׸һ޴ӡ
ʱͷЩ糯ĴͻϮΧĵըһݺܲĹֳ
ˣϽܰ
ɵţұ㿴ɲ֪ð˳һһ߽ͭܵıӻ죬һ
ȥû˵ˣţȣţȻˡ
ڣһо˳֮Уֱ壬һֱȵһһʱ򣬲Žͭ˳ǵε߸ԭһӵʱ䡣
ΪͭҲֻܶסһ롣
һ֮ڣ߲αסˣĞųҲһͬΪҲᱻϣԣ󲿷ֵ֮صߵϡ
㣬ϵԤȡ
ΪɶܰԭȻսǼ˵оԿԳ֮ΪıǼ˼еġ
Ϊؼʱ̣ܹͻȻ֣ûһ˾ͱˡ
ȥ˵һǡ
̫꣬ţˡ
Ҳûȥ鿴ûбһһ׸ֱһкѾӾܡ
һûӦǾɥʧܵĻᡣ
ҹƼûбһҲܵġ
̫ˬˡ
Ƭ֮󣬽ʦװǬ˱֮УֱӰϹ̣סѾĲӵһź߱˹ȥ
һ֮£Ǳһ·ܿ͵˺ߣֱ˴֮С
һɲǣұ㽫ˮ˳ϽǱˮ֮УǺϵƺﻹһ·̡
̧ͷȥʮ֮⣬˷޴ͷӿȣǺӦǿ쵽ˡ
ںﾭ˻ϴʱͻȻߵľͷһӰǺӰٵĳƶ˹
Ҷһʱһ꣬߹ûб׸
ϰ׷
ʱ߿ȥǱԭһ۱׸ķѣֱӳһ鲼ģؤҲòȥ
׷˹ж岻ѣߵƺźܶˮʥ̵ˣѾԽԽˡ
ĵļҿӵȥһ׷һЪ˹ŭš
޼ƿʩʱͻȻһվ˳Ű߱˹ȥǸ½£һ߳Ű߱ȥһ߳ߴǿӣסϼһ
£ɰһǽ¸ܲˣֱӭ߱˹ȥ
һȥ¿׶༪ˡ
뽭¿϶Ҳ֪Լ³һҲһӡ
˴ֲʱ򣬽±סߵȥ·һ֣˫ͻȻǣִײֱӳ˹ȥһΪǸ߹Ȼѷɫ߽࣬У㱻Ǳ޸סΡ


1591 ²
ʵµΪǲܹĺõŲʵԸЩõģҲ߳ŭˣǼ޵˹ͷ
һʱŭģּֿҲʮֵأԭܹߵ¹ʮеĽ£֮󣬱㱻ߵǱ޸ס壬Ȼֱӱ߸˰֮У⻹㣬ȽµӰ֮е߽žһӳ˹ȥ
ĿŽµڰбǱ޸˺룬һǱضϵġ
Ҫ֪еĿǺ湦򣬽ɴһĹȻҲ߸һӸ
һҪж
µӷ룬׵ľ룬Ƚµϰʱ򣬽»ûȥвϵӿѪ
ʱôӽǰԱ߹ȴһѱסߵСȡ
ĿһѪһ߳ߴߣ߰
׷ɱУȴסš
ŭɶֱһ֣ŽµԴݺݵ˹ȥ
ôԶǶ˽Կѵ졣
һ춯ǶǾĶǣ˵ʵһ̣Ҿ͸оһƺҵԴһ
ۣۣؿڵĳλ˺ѷεۡ
Ž±ɱȴΪָо
£²ķ˻ߵĴһ
һɤӱѵѹǻŭ
˵ʵһ̣ҶҪĸо
Ҹǽһû˵ϼ仰ȷʵΪǲŶ
±һ֮󣬿˫ԼıסߵȲţİʬʮףŴһϳһѵֱӽµֱ۸ˣ׷˹
ǱߵĻ⣬ҿߵѪ䡣
ȻղһҲ˵ĲᣬǾˣԲŻ׷ᡣ
⽭ȡһӵʱ䣬һ޴˻
һͷʱ򣬾Ϳһ޴ĺԵԴ˵޴ĺԾͱīСһţǰҲȻˡ
ߣ⺣ԵϣǸϽȥɣý°װˡŽµʬ忴һۣкǺԵԴ
ǺԺĽԴͷ˿ٵȥ
Ȼʹ絶ʣ˻ϧģһ˽ⲻΪԼͬҲǶһµѡ
ǲֻа׵ľ룬ĸҵ飬ٵ˺ԵԴǺԶʱת˷תԾãã֮Уٵ߶ȥ
ǰŸո뿪ѾΪϰӻ̾޼ƿʩҴˣһε͹ߵʵеǱһһ֣ţеǱ޳źһףǱ޶ʱǻһ㣬ϵı䳤Ȼûһ⺣СһȻٵĳ׷˹
ȻҲһˣһͬǺϵĻмˮʥ̵£⻹ĺǸͽ硣
һ϶ǲϣܹŻȥġ
ļƻܺãЭͬˮʥ̵һͬԸǣȻ˳ɨϰȻȥͿ԰ȵĺͷѽΡ
СĺûƺãǱǽǵּ˽ȥ
Ҫʰһ˵ɹϣܴ󣬿⼸ɷڣǾЩˡ
ˣ治Źġ
ֵܼһ˻Żȥĺİ֮λȣ׵ġ
ںζٶȺܿ죬Ǹоһٶȶˡ
߾Ǻķˮϸһۡ
ǲͣ£˿иֻǲϵĴߴǺԿһЩٿһЩ
ֻҪ˹ǵطлڣ׼õһǿԮ
ĸڣ߹Ʊ㷭ʲô˻ˡ
ҷ֣׼õһڴ˿ȫã⺣ԣǽӦˡ
Ҳÿҽʲô鶼Ĵб޻
׷ĺܽҧסǲţʼոǱŰ֮ľ룬Ҿ뻹ֲСĸоȻ䣬ҿâһߵ֮бһ


1592 ׷˭
治֪ߵǲǸ࣬һһ˾ŵףһһͣһ׸쳣ǰһСɽͷҹҲܹƽˣղҿۿͭ߸һӵʱ䣬һ֮ڣϵΪסˣ˵һ϶ܹ߸һѽ̿
ȻûУһﾹȻ׷ֻǴ˿̵಻̫ÿͷӺüëȫûˣ˾ͳһ̿ģǿʱ״̬ͣԦǱ޻ĺڲϵĳǱƽˣ߾ȻһܴƾҪߴ
˵ûܹסǿĹղַʹôУ϶ĵĿ;ƿˡ
Ҫ˵״̬õĻǻУҾסһҲѡ
£ҵϣ߳һɲǼ䣬ұһָϽǱ뺣֮ϣߴһ
ӵҵָ֮ǺԵķӦٶȺܿ죬һֱӱˮС
⼸ΪǲǲñˮˮϰСʱҲһףܶͶ㣬ٸӲӲˣ˲
֮䣬һ˸ոձǱʮҵȵʱߵͷ֮ϣˮ֮УҲԼܹһ䡱죬Ǽ˵ζһҵҡΣͷ֮ϳһܴУҪǼĿǺϺۼףѾȥ
ˣѿ֮ڵһƬˮ֮вɫĵĴߣŪ϶һֵĸоԴҲоһѣ֮С
ƺҲЩܲססһƺ΢΢һ¡
һǰ˵ףȫ߸ȥǰһЩȫ䵱һ籦Ľɫ߸˵硣
֮ǰࡣ
˿ϵǱȥҵԺһ飬֮ûбһһ׸ǲΪ֮ǰǰ˵׵Եʣ߱Ϣߣ
߽пܡ
Ҹ飬ˮ氵ӿһͷȥʱ򣬷߼ԦǱ޻ĺҲˮǱˮ׷Ƕ
үģ϶ǸǲˣֻܲϴߴٵǰˮףҾӦòˮпǵģʱ򲻹ǣ߹Ҳܣ߲£һǼɮĺǸҲܲ˰
ںʮ֮µĵطٴչһ׷ս
֮ľ뻹ڲϵСҲ֪ߵǽǸʲôȻȺеİԵٶȻҪôһЩ
ڷǰУܿһԲߣǱ㽫Ǳˮ˳ݸɣʾŰչһȳűˮһһܹảԵĸҲܹɢߵע
͸һ·̩ӵԽϵİ취һǱ·ӳȥһһʱ߿϶Ϊѣ֪׷һˡ
Ҿ׷ҵĿԱȽϴΪҲʼٸߣҲһֱҪɱҡ
ʵԭΪ⼸˵УҺϻһսչľ޴Ҳ֪ڰչϵλʲôʱ뿪ģ˿̵İչʮֵ
һҲǶ״չ࣬Ĺȣ˿޸֮Ȼս
ɱһķӣǿһҲЩ̫ʺϣˮɴ߶ʺϲ
ֵ֮ദľˣֻһóˮ飬ɶʱҵ⣬ضԡ
˿ڵϦҲǆµʱɴнӹ˱ˮ飬Ȼҵ˵ͷ߶˱ˮ飬չһƽǱˮӪ֮УȻԼ˱ˮ棬ܿ죬ɱ߶˱ˮ飬һٵ߶ȥ
ˮһˮٶޱȣգۼƮ˰׿⡣
һٶʱһ£û뵽ǻֶΣǵʱΪʲôܴԽ߾Ĵ֮жǵ׷ɱԭˮԵʡ
Ȼ߶ݵ׸׷˭أ


1593 ǰһ
Ҳ˲ӣߺܿ˾ϣ֮ǰǰ㣬϶׷ߡ
ɾƬ̵ĹǼԦǺٴθ˺ܳһξ롣
ߵǱĺԵٶȾͲ࣬һԵһᣬٶȾ͸һЩ
һֱϷˣתŭɶϴ߶Ǻӿٶȣ׷ǡ
ڴʱҿǼɮͻȻȻŪ˼߿ٵƮ˹
ⶫûʵ壬ֻһƹ»꣬ûкǿΪҲֶһ֣ǼɮųĹӦˮ֮壬ںζٶȺܿ졣
һգ۵Ĺ򣬱㵽ǵΧҲ֪ǼɮôģѵûпҼСȸղôʰǵ
ǰǲ³ǰŪ
ܿ죬ұ㽫Сȸ˳СȶʱһɺɷǼɮųĹ
֮ƴһɵḶ́˭ĵи˭ʤİգǼкǿĹܹԽͣȻǴһΣԵġ
ҶСȻмְյģ⼸ȫܹˡ
֮ǼɮԸǣҲһǵĺˣһЩС鷳Ҳȥĵ
ȶԸǼʱ򣬵ȷܵһߵٶȲûнȸһξ֮󣬺ܿ㽫ǼˣҪ۷ʱҿǼɮͻȻ˼һ٣ƺܵǣơ
ͻȻûΣҲһһ˫СһŹֵĶκܿٴοԻˡ
һ̣ȱȻֱӶǬ˱֮УǼɮʱЩܻȻʧȥȻ
ǹסȣȻǣҡ
Ҳ̫СȵʵˣôȿǹéɽڵҢԴڵéɽͳĹ֮
Ȼһֱ׷ᣬûܹ׷ǡ
ڼԦں˴ԼһСʱңҸоӦõˣڼǻ͸˵ѾһͰչЩ־ۼһ
Ǻұ֪һúֱӸˮ棬һǵ˹ڴԼ߰˺ĵطԼҿһЩ⣬һҴͣ
ûдĻҴӦĴֻ
뵽һǺԵԴ˵ϸ硭ټӰѾǺܿˡ
Էһƺһμӿٶȣǰζ˴Լ庣ʱ򣬺ܿͿƯںϵıˮ飬Ǳˮˡ
ڱˮԱ߻ˣһɽװĴ磬ҹɫںģҲǵģ궼Сˡ
ܿ죬Ա㵽Щ˵ߣͣ
ӲĹ⾰ҲǱ޻ĺǵĽǰһˮ棬ˮԱߵһɽװ㳯ߵķӳһ
һֱţȥ
ҶûüܵųӿǺ֮϶ʱһݺĽһ޴Ŀӣˮмһʮ׸ߵ˻ֱӳǱߴ˹ȥ
Ƭ̣һּ䣬˻㱻ĵķѣһ޴ĺˮȥ
ǰһһɽװޱϵĿ˵⼸֡
ʱҲųɽװϸȥɽװͿȥھʮ£һȥһʮĺӣƯں֮ϣ¿տҲӺëһ㣬ź˵ķӿͣڶ
Ĳ˵Ĺ̾ΪֹˣλӦñĴá
˵⻰ʱĴö߿һֻۣ۵ЩƣĺԵʱ˵Ӷһ
ʯ磬㿴ûУС˵ĺһϵеĺԣ񻹶ɹһ٣ǸʮɽװЩԾ˵
˵Ŀٴζ˺ԵϣͣĴʱ򣬱֮ΪʯǸ˵˵ͷ˵Ӧþˡ
ȥëǹǰҶԸߵģӣǴԵ⣬үģɲС
ұǶЩëʱҲǺͣ˵ǰη֣ΪҪסȥ·


1594 
У֮£֪˭Ҳ֪˭ֻҪ֪ڻһĻᣬת뿪˴ҪȻҲҵ飡Ǹ֮Ϊʯͷ˵
ȥ湻ţİ֪ǰλǶŷɥĺˮʥ̵ĶߣֱһħĴڣƸôвߵˣǻûгֹ
йҲѾ߸ɱˡ
۾һУȻҲ˳˿վǰι״ļһﲢʲô֮
ϵļһٵģֱƾ̤ˣں֮ϣжôõΪһ㡣
ϸǰһۣͻȻЦһ˵ͻȻð·ֶұǲǺ˰ɣǻһϻ˵ĺãùʶİ˸𽻳ҪȻһ
˳ԲѷҪλʱܲˡ
Ǵɽװ˿һʯߣЩõ˵ʯ磬㿴ģƽ۵ı֮ǲʰˡ
¶磬˵ĶԣԴһվҾͿ˳ۣǸúúʰһҪȻ֪һɽװЩߵĸ͵
⼸˵ĶԻǼȫ±ˡ
λϴʯСλʮͣ£϶ǸɽװŶþʮˣж硣
꣬ⲻϹ
սЩĶֹôô񾭲
㿴⽭ڻţʲô񡣡һ켣ô궼û˵
ôоһʮӶͱһˡ
ʱƺҲѰʲôͻȻЦԭʲôƨ񣬸ղűˡ
ǿȥֻʮȾͷ쭣еĳ΢΢һԲ֮ڵĺʱȫһһĲƣ죬һΪѾء
ǲһ֮Ȼ䣬ˮͻȻƯһƬ㣬һ¶˰׶ƤȻǱղʮýˡ
ȥ治Ǹǵģĸ־ţȣǿְԵ
߼ΣʱЦ⣬ޱ֣
ڴʱʮͻȻУһ̧֣ų֮䣬ˮ֮϶ʱһи첲ֵϰٵˮȻеĽٴлӣϰٵˮȫһ㣬ߺȻ¡
ȻҲǺģһ֣϶ʱһɫĵâת֮䣬㱻Ȼ׳Ȼˮ֮Уѿڼʮ׿ĵطըѿһž޴ˮĻֱӵסϰٵˮ˴߽⣬𵴲ѣԶǶܵ˲ˮϾ͸ñӳƵһʹ
ˮĻȫͻȻǰһ֣ٴλһǱޣвͣ˦ʱ˾޴˻ǰĸϯȥ
һΣĸһˣֱλ߰ȥ
ĸ˾ɴܣǸ岻֣һġ
Ȼ޷ǵ飬ȴһˣǲ˱ߴǼɮԭǸ硣
гıԹıԹ
ǽ²ĻԾĿ米ʱ龰ҲԶ
Ҫڹ˵ǣõֽӦ˵ڻѾϵʡˡ
ٴλǱ֮Ǽɮû֧ţǺɮһһﳯźһЩʲôͻȻӺð˼㣬ֱסЩ˵壬ȫˮС
ǺɮǸǼ˽ͷʱסǡ
ҵ۾Ķס磬Ҳһ㡣
ֵǣɱǺɮ磬´籨𣡡˵⻰ʱѾ˽꣬Ǳߵķһָ
ǵȵľ仰£ҺϻֱӼԦԣƿĸ˵սȦֱӱǼɮȥ
ǿζȥʱٴνСȸ˳ֹЩɮųʲôĹ
ǼɮԵȻ壬ǼԦźԹ׷˷ԵЩˣԭŸ߻һʹˮ뵽߻λ󣬿ҪӵĽ࡭


1595 ԰Ϣ
ҪߣֱӸкһһΣʱһѪɷķƮ˹ȥֱӵסȥ·
սթĺǰΰ³ڤʦһݺǣҪҪɱȻȡ֮
ʵĿĲҪǵֻΪԼ棬ѡǸˡ
սթ֮ͽȻʹޣܷ׵뿪
Сһķ⣬˼Ҳ汾µģϺܿһսһš
ҲǸƷзٵķģƺܹγһѹƣĹסҲ
ұҪȥȾǱٶȻһΣֱӾͷߣվĺϣٵĹ
Ȼ֮ǰ͵Ϯлڣ˵Ҳ̫أΪ϶֮ϣټСȴӦСӿ϶ɡ
Ԥϵһ㣬ҪԸľԲŻżҪ
Сżæŵĸһ·Ҫ侮ʯºˣС϶Ҫ
Ȼ类סˣǶԸĿߴɮˡ
Ȼ߶ҪĺɮȻΪ϶ҺϻС
ϻһͽϽ𲧸ˡһͳɮ˹ȥ
ɮҲ˷к˹
֮ǰұжȥһҲûϣһ·ҵȻָ߰˰ˣⵤͱȽ⣬ԴԴϵΪá
ɮǴٴ˽꣬˵һл㾦㳯һɮ˹ȥǺɮӲӣһΣĺ󱳣Ųɣں֮һ·̤˶С
Ȼֶθ޷ȣڼ֮£ĹҲˮϿ첽Уһͣӿ϶Ҫ뺣еġ
ǺɮһӣǵɫĹʱϣֱӴѪɽɥһ̣ұҲ£˺֮ϣŽ곯Ǹɮ׷ȥ
ҸǺɮں֮һ̤˶Уһ߿ٵĹУǺںõһѼеҲűеһ֣ټַģƻûȫָҴҲЩ൱
ڸƴʱǼһﻹų˼Һܿ˷ʬߣЩͼҵĹһĵĻǺɮʱʧɫ
ҸǺɮƴĻ֮ʱͻȻһҽУһͷʱ򣬷Ȼһĵؿڣֱӵ˺УȻȻһɺɷ뺣еϯҲǺ͸˴ˣһץסĲӣеıгʮһԴֱնѪʱ
ֱӽԴ˴֮УͬǾûԴʬ塣
¿ɲˣط㣬ôѪζɢʱ㻥ȡһ㽫ʬж˿飬˸С
ϵܣ԰ϢˣѾ㱧Ѫ𣡡
ڴʱȻ䣬ˮһˮһ˶ԴӺ̽˳һڱҧסǸƴĺɮǺɮֻ£㱻Ȼ˸С
̵Ǻɮֻԣ֪ʲôʱҲڳһѡ
ɱ֮һ˦֣˼ЩȫЩðϣ׷ײƤЩʬ壬߶Сȡ
һҪﻨȥԸɮʱ򣬷ϻѾòˡ
ΪϻǱߴһһʼСһ㣬ϻϽ𲧽ɮȻʹڵֶΣǧӿɮԵ˺ˮ֮һڣڱѪ󱻷ˡ
ǵʬҲЩҧס˺ƬһٴƮǺԵԴ棬ߵƴ
Ǵ쳣ңѾ಻ǧף֮ϲʱıһһŵˮĴɽֹâҫǽƿ˿˿죬ű˾ľҲ꣬⺣֮һʱ䲻֪Ư˶ʬ壬֮Ĵսɥġ


1596 ʵʵ
ּսȫʢʱڵܹһ£Ԯ֮⣬ģҲֻһΧۣǼһΣÿһƴȫҲ˴УϢʱҲ˲Ĵս
ӦòߣϾĸ֣ƽʱһţרſѺЩħͷһҼǵúܾ֮ǰҸү⼸λóһͬʰǸѪ̵ĽǱѺпء
ûмˢӵĻܹ֮Ѫ֮̽ĳֿ϶ֻһбѪ̽ӿֲڡ
ԶҪС˻ĵĹٷʵʵǱкܶڽ֮϶ûţֻصļһ˹ؼʱ̣ǲŻͦԷһֲ϶ҲǹٷΪǿĸ֡
ǲΣսǰһæҪȻǹƺӻػġ
Էսڲ쳣ӰֻһƬ˻¡죬Զ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰ǱͻȻƽϢ˲ԣ
ָ߱ˣ
Ӧûôװɣ
˾ɲ֮ʱܿǵ֮Уǰ̤˶Ȼͣǵ׿ĵط
ǹվǺԵԴϣλһ֣лλǰȣ£û
λүӣɶǸɱˣλػбȲʳ롣
ҿ˻У룬ϻⲻ˵ϹôǶһ٣Ȼƺ˼Ϊλүӡ
Ƣúܣһ˵ûУϾǳĶǵа̾뢣ôױɱģһﲻǣֵˣˮˡ
˻һٴͻȻλǰôܷأڶǻɱǸħͷǷȻ
Ǹһȴһ˾ˣƨ£Ҫб£ֱӵǱǣǵûǸӡ
ֵҿ߹ǰɣǽӵָֻǹӦǣǰȫعû˵ɱߣҪأ̲ʲôˡ
ȥ˾ȻҲôɱһħͷҪʲôô
˻һ޲ɫȥЩá
ǲզ˵λҲǾһ˾ˣԭҲûдܹɱ
£һ֣ʵ֮û֪λմҲýģԺ󱨴𡣡
ϷʯƽϵѸӣϷһʥһྫݣ˵
Ϸ𣬽ڻŽɡǸʮĺ˵
С˵аۣһʢ˵ģ
һЩ΢֣΢΢һЦЩԺ˵Ϸ㣬Ž֣
üһ⼸˿Сɶģһ֣ôͷҲ֪ЩڻǲԼԼģû˵
Ǳ֮˷׷׹ֵл
Ȼʱǽʥʯƽȴ˰֣˵лĻͱˣЩûõģʵʵģϾֵ˾ô˵
ȥû뵽Щ˻ǽֱҪ
εһЦ˵ɣҲûбģһЩǮƣΪ˱Ƕλǰл⣬ÿ˸һ
⻰һ˵꣬ǽ˰֣Եʮֲͷ˵Ǯ֮ȥôǮʲôֵ˶ɹҹԺȲǮҪûκô
ǮҪǲ͸ɣ뵽ҴǬ˱һж쵰СⶫǴҶϻµ״ģνǼֵǣֵڣⶫһóҹ⣬貶ĿɷǺÿ
ҽǴó֮ߵЩ˶ɴ۾
ţұλǰҽ͸λΣⶫǼֵǡ
۾һУһеı֮ûκβǽҪҪͷ˵вУⶼʲôûȥɣǲҪ
ҲôĶҪǵҪɶ
ܿ죬ٴδǬ˱֮зһóһⶫһѽһѷǳĽνλýģǿ϶ϲġ


1597 ˺
óѽЩͷģ¶ҪӺüǰ˵𣬵үүһص䳤ϵƣҪѩʱֵܼɵĴȥ˴ȥǽѩǽѩĵرҪõʵ̫ˣ־
ĵһȺѩĲɿʱһȺСձͻȻˣһΥ˽أ˴ĻЩڳ˶ˡ
ʱͻȻ֣ȺСձļƻʱɽĴһԸȺСձͷͷ䡣
գһףǼ
ҸһһνӴ˳ˡ
Ū˼֮ҿǰѽ˹ֿϧģǱ㽫ǽǬ˱УԺˣѽһը֣
ʵҲ˵һϵĵЩϸһѽ
£ұ㽫˳˫ţĴȥ
ȻλһŵѴ֮޲ɫǽʥʯƽЩȲ˵СӣǽùϷơ
վԴϣֱӽʯƽ˹ȥʯƽ˳ֳС
Ѳ֪ǵǽķһλλֵܱһϸձ
˵Ŀ֮޷εľϲ֮ɫɫǿһûд·ĴŮһ̰֮ɫ
㿴кüӣʯƽͻȻ⿴һѽʵһѵֻ⵶аĺܣһ
Ŷλǰ֪ⷨҺ
Ȼձձ֮һձʷΪʦѵǴһ֮ΪһѽഫѵµǧմȾ˺ܶаѵϵùѵ˶ûʲô³ѵ֮󣬱ʧȥԣԱĲбޱȣһѪĵЩǲɶõȴҲڵķ֮ǰѵѾ˰ɣʯƽҵ
ǰǼʶ㣬ĺܰʵѴҴһձġҵ
ʯƽٴΰǰѵһ£Ȼֱ׸ң˵ǺõϷЩסԼŰɣˣôһѵأ
ҽУεĿЦһ£ǴǬ˱УҲǲ֪ʲôлǺˣҲҪҲҪǾҪʲôأ
ʱƺһЩŵλǰǾʲôֻҪеģԲ
˱˴˿һۣĿȫµ⺣ϡ
ٴο⺣Եʱҵһ£ǲǴ⺣Եɣ
Դǵһۿ⺣ԵʱҾ;ǵ̫Ծ
ȻƬ֮СϵĶǶϣҪ˵ʲôõĳֵĶµˣֵˣǾǳƽˡ
ֵ磬һ⺣ԣǺԵ㣬磬ǺԵĵ㣬ǺԵĹҾˣٺ١⺣Կǳ˾ѵһ¶ǱһۼҲޱȣԵĹͷ켸ѹǽ̫ˡ
Ƿ˵꣬ұȻܾУҪ⺣ŶûУ
⺣ԾǺüûдҪ⺣ԸɱˣƸַ˺Ե裬Ϊĵͦ¶ҿ϶ܴӦ
ǺҲɵӣȻ֪˵ʲôʱһ죬ƺһһž޴ϢƮɣ죬˵ΪߣǶں֮˿δ
Ҳŭˡ
ʯƽ۾һɣʱЩõ˵ֵǰҳףһ㽫̻ˣ
˵оͲУҪɱ⺣ԣȴʬ̤ȥ˵Ҿ˽꣬ǰն˵
Щèı£סǣ⺣Ծͳǵǰ˲ɣܲҲ˵ġֵ
ɼҪ𣬵ҵǰ棬˵λǰϢŭʵ⺣ξǵдҪʲôǶԸΨ⺣ԲУ⺣һֱ֮УԴλǰҪɱΥģܵͽġ


1598 ɱ
λʲô񣬵ȷͦģҲпʱϾ°
ǲô˵λҲǹٷˣֻҪǹٷˣǾͲҰ̫ҺΪϾ滹Լǡ
ԣɲŻǽϣܹ֡
λƺûеôعأϾ⺣ǳ˾˵еޣһȫǱԹ衢ѪҺ඼ǲɶõĺöЩȵΪЩʮķλֵջ̫ˣһ潫⺣Ըɱˣ˵ǵΪһ㣬һʱ򣬺пܸҸүеһƴ
ǽʵģΪﵽһľ磬˸ǵʱ򣬼ǹٷҲ׽ôš
ǻǹٷˣٷһ򻤶̣϶ƽʱҲ⼸λүһĹţҪɶɶҪȻƢҲ°
뵽Щᣬ˵ʵҪҪɱ⺣ԣ߻ûܹסǡ
үģǸʲô¶ò״ߵӳһصĻҪܵǵΪЩ
λɵĻǲмһˣϴʯƽϻ˵Ͻÿûʲô¶ˣǻصϣ԰Ļصģֵܺò׳һˣܲǿֶɣ
ʯƽ˵⻰ʱ򣬾˵İչһҲվ˳׷˷˺Եǰ棬˶һٴеģĿǰλĴá
Щܴ
϶ܣȫʢʱڵǣҲǵĶ֡
⺣Ըǹϵǳüξ˵Ȼˣȴֵܣ뿪ˣ磬ʲ壬ߵС
ҪΪ߾Ϳ۸ǣҽ콫Ҫɱ⺣Կԣɱң֮ҲùΪɽĵףүүӢܸŹǣչһֻŻ𾫳һֻؿڣ۾˵
˻һڣλһ£ǸСʵǰӢܵӣ
ӢܾүүΪʦүǿɱңҪչٴ˵
ַ۾һУЦһ˵Сӣ⻰в𣿡
չη˵
СӣүүӢЩֶΣֵ˻ƲۣҪ˵ʦүΪ˵Ļ˵ûҪӣΪڼʮǰѾȥˣΪ˲ŵ㣬ǼʦʦҲΪֵ˻Ϊ𣿡ʥʯƽֵ
磬ЩСʲôǸϽŪǺԣѶˣ췹ʡҹζࡣǽַԾԾԵ˵
һ䣬Ʈųʱ֮޷ˣҪˡ
ȫһûһ˸һܣƴҲҪס⺣ԡ
⺣Ҳһƺ𣬽淭һžˡ
ۿžͿҪʱ򣬲ԶͻȻһҴ󴬣Żһξ룬߿ٵʻ
ǶԷҲֻһ£ͷһۣûҴ󴬷
ǽַһΣͳźԷɱҲǺԵԴһԾ£ڰ֮Уһл㾦㳯ŷ˹ȥ
һɫĹâ籡Ƿ۾һأһһ±㵴ǵɫĹ˺ˮ֮УһƬˮ
ͬʱԷĽʥʯƽͽҲӲɱ˺ԡ
ֱӦǻк
Ҳûа취Ҫվͳһսߡ
жϵСӽеϽҫŭĿպܿ㱻˳
ԸȻ֮Ϊǿĸʯƽٴζ
ҷ£һεͷų˵еһζֶΣЩ̫ģȻһõǰӦ֡
֮Ϊĩ˵ķ㣬ҲôöԸģ콣صٵĸ˼غϣ͸оеĽ̫ˣǰȫǽӰৡĻεۻңҪٰ˲ֶΣƵƵʮ֮ڱᱻնڽ¡
ҸƴĻ֮ʱߴһƺߣһٰ˲бСһ߽˺УȻֱһӴܵĺһ
һȥԱһҺǺۼ׶ʱ˲١


1599 үүݵ
һǹݵģСǳҪɱȥġ
ˣд󺧣˲һʮ˴ͬʱеŭҲӿ
һŭ˵ǿͷţֻáˡһһǿϢӵӿ˲澭Ҳ˺ɫɷ
Ҵһ±ʹһƾ˲Ϊ֮ɫһɰϢӽ֮к˳֮϶ʱһž޴ĺˣγһ޴ˮֱŷݺݵײ˹ȥ
һһʹǽַʱ۾ɵԲ˼һеĳһȻһɽصնһ
һնȥһ±㽫޴ˮ޴ˮȥ
ǷӲĽסһ֮ں֮ϵܱˮʪһЩ
ǺýǲС·򵥰ǽַ˵
ҸûתͷǺԣںһ̯Ѫ˶ۼףȻһ˺ˮ֮вӰ
ǸСȴһߵϹ̸סΣ޲ɷĴŮСһ߸ֻһ߹Ц˼˼ȻеһûΣ⼸СϵӲ٣ֲܴ϶ѡ
˵ţͻȻˮ淢һ޴ĺ֮Ǻִˮ·˳ſѪ죬ſҧ£Сƺоżһ㺣棬˾ʹˮ浯ֱӲǺԵŷʮ׸ߵĿС
ŭˣô˵˼ҲǺеİɹһٵĺԣ衣
˴Ĳɿ֮ʱղŵҴֳʻĽһЩһǰţ֣ܼͣ顭
ͣķţһ߰˸Ƴֶ
ҴϻƮźɫӣӦǻĹٷˡ
ǲܲˣ߷Ľ
˵ȥǹټӾͶסˡ
Ȼ䣬աҴһǹһӵȫĸһƬˮ
ʱ֣ͣתͷҴ󴬿˹ȥ
ĸŵģڴ˹ɣҲҹܣַ㳯Ҵ󴬺
գۼĹҴ󴬱㿿ǣܿ죬Ӵ϶˼ľ壬Ȼ󼸸ɽװ˴Ӵ׷ľ֮ϣ˴߶ľٵĳƮ˹ýһЩʱҲſķ⼸Ҳɽװһ˿ŻЩ죬ôүүأ
ϸֿһۣѽȥүү
үү󻹸߰˸ɽװˣлҢ˵ĵΰƽ
գۼĹүүΰƽ˵ҵߣֱӺǵǰ
Ǽ˵УҲ˼үүϤ˵ѽȥоˣСŵүˡ
һҼүˣ˷׷׼ĲС
үүôˡҼЩһүүվŵǿľ֮ϡ
үүͷһۣ˵̧ȱ㳯ƨһţû˵ΪǵļһһûţܵǸȥˣƬҲͣ
ٺ١ɵЦ־ϲҲ֪˵ɶˡ
үү˵ͬʱߵǼɽװʱ˷ָǰ
ĸλģնɱԣҲҶ£ǽַָʹ˵
үүŲæĴһֱ֤˳˻Ļصܾ־ֳ
һүү֤ʱŲˡ
ôֵܾľֳҪǰɶǷ⽮͢һƷԱֻ󹩷үүĹְһȣǼֱǲֵһᡣ
׳á˵ʱľη࣬Щ˵
ʲôôԼ˻үүʵ
޶ں˷ˣֵ˱ҪɱΪʥʯƽָĺǿʶ
үӣǺ˵˵⺣ԴûкˣǶѣһ̰ͼϵĺöҪɱֱӷˣŲãǻҪɱǡпǴס˻ᣬ±һ״
Ѫˣֳɲ˵˵ַ


1600 ¿
ַЩ߳ŭˣԣүģүүȻˣǿ϶Ҫǵģǿʶʲô
ڱϣүӻýĹƽķڷ
ǽʥһǿƵģүӿһۣʵǣ֪Լʲô𣿡
⻰ʵһ㶣˴ǽʥʯƽ׳ǽӵϼӦԽϺһˣϼָʾһҷǳҪԱҪ֤ǵİȫʹʡ
ǼȻ֪ϼΪʲôִ񣿣ûнҷԱʹﵽȫ򣬻Ǵ֣ҪǲǲǴֱӽǸɱˣȻǺˮʥߵͷϣ޶֤ǰɣүү˺ܶ࣬ȻǶŭˡ
ǿ쵼ǰĿˣһѵĸƵģǹٷ쵼ѵͷͷǵģǵһοүӷôĻ𣬲ηҸоʮֵĽ̫ˬˡ
үүղ˵飬һңղǼҪǷҪնɱԵĻпܻɱǡ
ɱ֮ȫԽߵϣ޶֤ˣٷҲȥ֤
Ҳ˵ԼһȻ˳־ɱһ
һ뵽㣬Ҿ;úð硣
׳ˣ治ôɱǣҪָʾǱҪָʾղŸǼСĶ֣ȫҪǵ֡С͵
ϡ¿죬ղŻ˵ǵסնɱԲŸǶ֣ˣ˵Ҫǵ֣ղҿǾǶɱģҪ֮أ˵
㡭УҪѪˡҪɱˡЩ˵
˵ţǱҪүүһ֣ǵĻٴɫˣǲҪٳˣһʵĸ˵ģôǣоϰɡ
˵˵ɫҲûٶ˵ЩʲôЩΨΨŵŵ
ͻȻ䣬үүһת˵ҵӣżȥǣնɱ˺ˮʥ̳³ܵ˺ˮʥ̵׷ɱһĥѣ˻ǻˣԼļſڣȴܵǵĵѣǣȥǣ㾪춯صĴ£Ǹ𣿡
ԴһЩֱԶԡ
˵ҲǼ󣬶ҲãȥҲù
Ҳʤһˮʥ̵ڶָΧˣ˵أοǴ̩һ·˻
ô˵һΣҾĺܶԣΪеԺ飬ҶΪеܣҿʱ潫Ǹɱˣ֪Ҫеĺ𣿡
˵ţүүֿˣֵ̨ɽ۾ʦĹŵӣĴˡбĺΰԼһܼҵĹӣΪƽ̵ӣҪǽǸɱˣôһ¦ӣ˴ζ
£λǳ׵ˣ׷׵ͷʯƽϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ֳǴˣһذɡ
үүѵĲˣŰ˰֣˵ˣ߰ɣҲϣٿڶΡ
ɴ⣬һ֣Ǳ뿪
뿪лϲѣͬʱ˻֮
ȴ͵͵үӣȴ룬үӵϢǹͨģڶһʲô˼Ҷ֪ɼҵĶʮֵĹĵġ
һΣԳӭǣ˼Ҳǿɾˡ
Զ֮˷׷׸үүк޲һүӣʾл
үӶԴû˵еĶ˼Ц⡣
˵үӵô꣬ȻΪ㲻жôϵû˵ĸ֣Ĺ֮ѹĲ̧ͷ˵ˡ
ұүӵүүôԹˣ˼ôæЩܳ
үһ˵ʱɫͺ̧ҪңǿôѶڣû˼½ţֻŭСӣֱ֣ڻôڶУôܵȥˣǺˮʥǵ𣿡


1601 
үӶһ䣬ĴӵۣҪǿôһȺֵڣүӹҶִҡ
үѵҵʱŭʮ֣һ˶үĴҴϢ
ڣһԵΰƽת˻⣬æ˵ֳС⺢ֲǲ֪ҰҪɵƥס˶ˣͲҪˣ⺣ƮҲ¶ǻص˵ɡ
ΰƽ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ҼüŪۣʾҸϽ˳¿֪ܲæΨΨŵŵ˵үүҲԣ֮ǰȷʵӦøкұ֤´ȥ飬һǰ㱨һ¡
ʲô㻹ȥ飿զ㣬ģŰʮƽﻹڵģүӸոĻ˲ֱҸȼˡ
ޣų죬Ͳ˵
£ұƵģԴҲ
үһ㲻ңҴҲ˹һӴӴϷȺүҴ󴬡
˴֮Ҳûи˽봬գó˱ˮ飬ͨҿԸǺԽйͨ
ڽ췢飬ǸԱֵл⣬ȻֵǸ⡣
ллΪһ·ԽϺ˹Ǵߵ졣
ǸĵطȻ˾ǵĹҲû룬ǾȻ⺣Ե⡣
ǵݿǹٷģΪǴ壬ϧҸ߹ǣӴˣʲôС
ˣҲû̫ĺ⣬ϾҪǳ֣˵ҲӲߵ׷ɱ
ֻϧһûн߸ɱˣôһˣŪã߻취ʰǣһ뵽ұǳ
ֻƯں֮ϣԶԶĿҴ󴬡
ұ˼ǣܶ˶ˣУ඼ʮֽթģҲǳ˵⣬һ֮󣬱֮мУƺܳһʱ䶼ñˮٴٻҲܿܲԼء
һΣԱСնһˣҲҪúһʱˡ
ԴˣҸоǷǳԲסԣҲûǺԳˣĸǺԸ֮Ǻһһžˣ˺вӰ
ԵӰʧжʱһȻʧ֮С
һص˴֮Ҵ󴬱ٵʡķǰ
ϾǹԽͦٴŴɱʱܶܲ
һ˻ĵĺǿ϶̫ƽˡ
ص֮󣬷λֱֵӾ̱ˣһҲ˲˵ط˲ľ˯˹ȥ
չһ˵صģҲ˵ˣֻĹȣҪóһʱָܻ
£үү㰲Ǽˣ˷䣬ϢȥˣΨһˣ˵Ҫ̸̸
̸ʲôҲö֪ﻹЩŵġ
һʼүӸɣе·ҲΪұڵĹôҲ뵽һе·ôԶôڻĵƬ򣬸ǽɱ˱Ͷǡ
Ҳ֪үӽҴ·ûкڡ
˶ˣΰƽҲ֮үү㽫ҽ˹ʾĶ棬ɫ粻ҲڵǺǻ֧֮ٱһ٣¶үӿ϶ĳҿɲһ֡
ɣ̸̸үӰ˰֣˵
һվŰɣվҾûᰲȫһЩҵ
һܳ㲻ɣүӵĻܿð
ҲΣֻһƨɰŰʣʱܵ׼
ٺ١ɱҰôֵܶڣûӡҸЦ
СӾҪСҪүӱЦˣ漴ʵ
ҾöҪڽ죬ľһ棬ûˣԺôͷ¶棿˵ǲүӣҺƤ
үĬȻĵ˵ͷĪһ䣺ֻˣ
ţˣߡҵ
֮ʮͲҪˣһ飬ŪҪýһȷѪ꣬Ϊ⺣ϵı֣ҿǺЩУ϶ɹһ˰ɣүү
ţ˵Ĳ⺣Իʰ³ֶʱʶģģˣƢͦãӲˣ֮󣬹Ҳͷ¶ˡʵش


1602 ϥ̸
̽⺣Ե飬үүͻȻ̾ϢһȻֹճ˶ݵĳĬ
ҿүӵʱ򣬷үӵİͷֶ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷʮˣүү붼ʮ˰ɣ
ǸФȻүүͶ̫Ȼ䳯үүȥͷֶ˺ܶ׷ˣһ˼ҵ;͸ôڼ帣̫̫һ㳡裬ɶģүӻΪĵ·ϣϹᣬɻҡ
үӣʮֲ̣үүˣʵȥ̩ҲԭģǵǸүĶɣ³ѧЩ£ҪŪңұնݳһƱֵܾɱ˹ȥ˽ˣʱҲû뵽˺ˮʥ̣Բǳôӡ
үү˰֣˵ͲҪˣѾȥˣ㰲ȫˣ֪ȥ̩֮үү˯ȣû̩ʱעǵĶҪΪүүݵԵʣүү޲Լȥǻ֮ˣˮʥ̾жֲӦ֪үүĵǣˮʥ̿϶ưոݣ鷳
һ£үүֵо仰˵ĺãз磬Ѿڽ֮ϴټͷҲ˲ٳңľַش֮ʱ󲢲һʲô飬үүߣҪʱ־裬ҪˣǺˮʥҲ˵ǵǸһصҲǹͷ۵ġ
үүĳ˵ţҺһҶһֱҲȡĶǷķʽһСС֣үүʣһ̯˴飬Σʱүү϶վңͱһΣҵĶʮֵ˽⣬ʲôˣԵʲôĵˣһɳүүҲģԴôԶĵطӦǣȻүһֱӷϡ
үүҲûˣһμ棬ипĶࡣ
ҺүүղŵĻв׽ʲôæʵүү˵һصͷֳۣˣ
үүҡҡͷ˵ûСΪûУүүŻõģһʱһص̫ˣүүоڸһܴܴı
һ˵¶ҲЩģ뵽սǸӵж¯֮СӤʬ飬һֱͻͻ
鷢ҲҪһ˰ɣҲ֪ǰ˸ǸСӤϵˡ
뵽ұʵүүǵǰսʬ֮һص˸飿
տʮΪĿֲڣһ򣬺󣬼ү棬Ҳ㲻һټʮǰҵһͬ˰̣ɱ˰գһʮΪȵһҪԸıҡǰԴӽʬ֮һصһ̶ˮûаֲүүôҲò̫ԾҲҲǵӰ˵¶ǲ̫ˣүү˵
Ҳ˵ͷ˵үүҲ̫ģνˮڣԹаʤǰȻܻ˳ʰҪԸңǾˣ㲻Ǿҵ
СӵĿı춼󣬸үүʱһģһˣһ·϶ҲۻˣϽȥϢɣȻȥ֮ȥéɽĸĸһȥôʱ䣬ǿ϶ˡү˵
Ӧһүү𣬱һɽװһ䣬ɶҲû룬ֱӵͷ˯˹ȥ
ˣܹصģоá
һ˯˴ȶұ˽֮󣬴Ѿʡһһϣ֮񶼺˺ֻܶ࣬ǰչһЩͷԣһ֮ǲڸ˶ˡ
ڴϳ緹ʱұһɽװүүȥɽװ˵үү컹ûѾ뿪ˣǲҪǣһǶ˯Ȼѡ
үү뿪ҵ֮УǺæҲ֪æЩʲô
˷֮˾˰վڰߣĴ֮ϣһֽ̤ʵصĸо˲ٴλ
ڶǵЩ죬׷һڽˡ
ʡ֮Ǳɻһ´ҵһҪȥ
˵ҪԥϼңкͰչҪϳǣһҪرһˡ
һҪݺ϶ıѾãȥ֮󣬿϶Ҫһצ켺Ծ󻼡


1603 
ȫ⣬϶ҪżȥģǸݺݵİһɥԽϣԽ֮ǰ϶ĺڲһ£һԼĸȺĺȻͷ󻼣Ҫ
֮ңһթ˷ʤ
ڱֻĺһɣԴһΰ³ڤɱ֮ǼҲ󲿷ֱնɱĺڱĵλÿ£ڶ⻼һֱĺﻢҪ̲ԣκεĵ飬̱Ҫ˴ֱ
ȫΪ˽ǻȥʱƺƵʮ֣ȥһˣνҡ
˵Ҳȫǻ£ϾһΣһͷ󻼣ľ¶ͷҪǼǱţԺȻҲܵơ
ҲǱǸ⣬˵æûаϣ˴ӣһ˶ûлûиԼڼ顣
ҲܺߣҲûɶ˵ģһ֮ǰ˵ԺǾˣϣܹܼңԺҪֵܼطܿкǼڻĵļʵܡ
˵ЩȻϿЩˣһһ֣ɫϵ仰Ϸͷˣλֵܣɽˮڣ
˵գһһת뿪˴˴
ʣµǼʡ뿪Ȼ˴½ֱ뿪ԥϼңǰ˵¶ֱк浽
д˵İչ˳ֱУȥ塣
ҪȥéɽһˣĸһнµĹ⾰оǹһôˮһҪЩ裬ֻмǣž̤ʵ
˶һ·žéɽȥ
ʱ˴ֻһֻۣ֮󣬽ű㵯˼δӵ绰Ͷš
绰սģĻǽǱߴġ
ڶšҵġ
Ů˿ǶҶ飬Ȼȴ֪ΪΣȴ޷ҵ˼ϡ
һȽϳ˰ɣܶǸһֱܻǱһ˿Ļ룬ţǲʵȴҲһֱҵ
һֱ롣
Ҵ˶ţֻм̵ļ֣СŸ磬ȥ𣿡
ԥ˺һŸ˼֣ȫع
Ǳ߿һֱֻŸշȥžͻһ̫ˣڻŻȥˣһֱõ㡣
ȻҾͲ֪ôشˣҲ֪Ժܲټ棬ҸоԺǵûн˰ɡ
ʹʹϣܹҡ
ԣԥûлء
̾һֻ۾Դϣûɵĳضơ
ָоûг̫ãֻٴҴһսҴġ
ҽͨ˵绰СţҶ˵ˣǰȫˣأ
ȥéɽ·ϣĸҪéɽ죬Ȼϳǡһһ䣬ʱ뵽⼸ʱһ
ܿ죬ұ㱧Թ磬˵˵ҵʲôư֣үģû߸ɱˣɱˡ
սǸ˵ǶԲסСţ֮ǰҲûʲô·˵ҿûбʹүүеˣҪ־͹үүȥɶ¶¶Ҳ˵ˣһȷʵͦġ
ֹǿ񣬼ֱûˣҪүүԹƶûסǣһﵽʲôҺ
˵·ܲ򵥣ݺأҲ˴صĵ鵽ģʮǰѾĴãҶýĸ֣ԭǻʶʮǰһ֯ıԽĴϣ˲ĽʶʱԽӱΪʱĽߵλá
˱˴ϧȻŽݳֵܣΪһ㱱ƽ̱Խʧֽƽ̸ɱˣ˴飬ļλϱ˱𣬽ֱֵܸɱλϣڵʱĽȻ󲨣׷վҪַλ͡
أɹٷ棬ɳ˼λʮĸֵ֣ܸסˣ˵Ѻ״һӲǳƽϢ˽ϵ𵴡ٷʮֿǵı£Ǳ㽫Ǹаˣطˡս͵


1604 ټĸ
λôḻľٷаȻܵ䣬רſѺЩڽ޶ߣǸģԼЩ£ĿˣԴСҪүڣָ۸ʲôء
Ҳһ鲻⣬űʵˣ磬֮һСӣԳʲô𣬿ҲʮģʵӦúܴ˰ɣ
еһַϻͯı£źᣬʵѾʮˣֶֻǱ濴ᣬԼûκӰ죬Ҳһϲûʲô֮⼸һһרоһ󣬲Ҫ۵ĻκһһĶ֡ս
սг˼䣬ҲǼ򵥵οһ£Ȼ˵һصϳ֮ԼϻһȸƣǸǽӷϴһϵĻ
˵ҲǸһ»ˣǵùɱ죬ôһӡ
˵绰֮ҼŸ첲ڳϼ£ڶǷ顣
һ룬ЩĿһ۾һ뵽˱ӡ
ǻ𱬵ģϸ֬ƤʱʱԸϸһ룬ӻǲȢؼҵϱܲأ
¶Ҷ룬һ̩֯ĴͷҵϱڰŴĽɽҹֵ
Ը⣬Ұһܹܲȥأ
һϱȻĸ˲࣬Ҳͨ
ֻ΢һ룬ұٴεĴͷ̩ĸ
Ϊǵ飬Ƕûٵ£Լļ˶͵˻ģԼһ̩ʱΣգڻҹ£֪ˮʥʲôʱҪȥ
һø绰ȥʣ˳㱨ƽǡ
һΣȥ̩ǽ𣬻ʶ˲ѡ
ǸаʦҺϻһ·ӵԽ˳Խ߾֮еīⱲӻ֪ܲټīүһ档
ڳϣһ·Ŵ˴ζз飬֪ӱѾĿĵء
ڽ˳Ȼȥ˾éɽĽ¡
éɽʱѾǰʱˣźұ˰ɽȻ˸ɽéɽˣҲǵһˣéɽ¶ҲʶҳéɽҲǾéɽƽ˵ɣɳ룬˿
éɽƽ˵Ļ죬û˸ҲأԸéɽɽ˶ʮֵĿǺ˼֮Ǳȥéɽķ磬ȻҸ˽ȥ
֮У׹ɽ֮䣬Ʈ֮䣬û϶ãұ㵽˷֮ڣʱȫһᣬˬֱƬأԣʺУֲéɽܳΪߵҲǵµһš
éɽ֮ڣƽ˲ΪߵģطǲԻڡ
ҸҢȥéɽ磬ͼһһֻϧûп˼ҵĿǵĿǰ˵ߵľˣҲеȼ֣֮Ҳ֪λصĸ˻ĵʲôز֪éɽ֮ڵ׻ŶٲΪ֪ĸ֡
ǧĶţʵǿġ
éɽɽСʿ͵éɽƷ棬һ񣬱㾶ֱȥɽˡ
ƷɽŻ˵ĵڡ
ÿéɽҶܼˣһΣȴüͽ˵ȥμʲôϻˣҲôéɽ飬ֻա
˵ĵҲʶ¸ҷУȥéɽ֮ڵСӡ
һ뵽ܹܿĸұӿ˽Ųһ·СžͱǸ֮Уҵ˸ĸİ֮
ҵ֮󣬷ֱһʱ֣סǸСԺ֮УһȺͷ̫̫Χһ¼㳡裬Ǹ֮ϣҲϲ졣
һԺӣͿңȺͷ̫̫ʶȤı뿪
迴ҺܸˣϾϳӶûˣҽݣ˵Ҫ׼ˡ
飬һ㶼ʣҲ˵ʡǵģҪ֪Щ飬ƷŻ˲ɡ
һ𣬼ʲô˵Ҳ̹
߶߶ĸżҳ̣˵˶ܺãҲʮ飬Ҳܿ뵽󻷾֮УΨһõǣéɽûе磬չǿ̫ܳĵĵĺܿ죬صЩӰҲ쿴ˣҸٸһЩ


1605 ֮
һγȥ˺ܾãҴéɽ죬Ƕϣʱһ죬éɽ䣬û¶ʱ򻹿éɽⶴ츣У°빦
ϵʱұȥҢ˳ȡ
Ң˵ǸԼȥõģΪ֮ҲʮķĪߴһпٲ֮У﷨õ̫࣬ռܲȶ
ҪЩǼǰǰǰЩéɽʦģԶŴ󣬾ǷϤ˽ҴײҲֻ·һ
ڣڣСѾͷܹҢ˵Ǹūйͨߵڵʱȱϵ˹ūùūǽ˹ڣҢˡ
ū׶񣬻ƣ۾ѪѪÿһμūҶľģūû˵һȱ˷ֽܵȵ֣ǰС
Ҳϲū׽ΪͬΪԭɡ
Ң˼Һܸˣҵʱ򣬵ʱһ£˵ÿһμҵʱ򣬸оһΪͻͽ֮ǰˡ
˵һμҢ˵ΣʱһһСʲôéɽҪҢ˴ҿԽ磬ȥǱ˰
Щ»ĿЩЦʱҲһͷ࣬ʲô鶼ҸɣȥһιŹأҹƶûôˡ
ҢһµǰĽ£̽һϵ顣
ȻԳһԶ˵ҵĸȫéɽƣéɽԪȭⶼéɽĴС
ϵķʬߺéɽ壬éɽʦүùķҸҢ̽з飬ҲԽ㲻͵ѧéɽķš
Ң˽ĿСȵϣСɳزҢҲ⵹һǵʱҪСȻг˹ɳٶȱһҪֱ࣬˻
Ң˵ûб˴ڹͳĹ֮Ȼǹǻеķչռ䣬ܹеɵزǾˡ
ֻ͹ȫ־磬ΪéɽڵĳϣҢҲɳʲôӡ
ǣҢȴ֪ĵ֮е˹־磬ֹǰǵŴãΪͨ쳹أһ겻ȻУʱޣŵ˹ز
һе˹־磬ʵҲûжҲܹߣҪ˵ʲôͬҲǲóԷ˯Ҫǰõķ֮ϣνıɡ
Ҫе־磬кܳܳһ·ҪߣҲȫûпܡ
Ң⻰лұһ˵Ңһʱ䣬Ң˴һЩܹ֮еزòҾϣһܹĺһ֮¡
ҵҢ˲ûоܾӦ
ҢΪڵĳϣ˽ıǹ壬£ڹ﷽У¼ûһܹԽˡ
˵ܹǹūҲʮָˣ˷ֱܵ﷢ص졣
ֻһ˵ҪҢһ㲻ᣬϾСѾͷһֱߣҾ͸ĸһ£϶кܶ಻֮
ȵУ˵ùһʱ֮СָҹĿ࿴ˡ
̶˴֮ұҢ˵ʱҲֻ̫µʱ䣬һЩ޵зŴڸ֮Св򣬵ʱٹСȴ߾ͺˡ
ˣлҢˣ㽫˹ڡ
éɽ֮ϴ˴Լһܵʱ䣬µҶϰ࣬뿪éɽȥϳǵĳ
éɽ֮ϣֻûźŵģұ㽫ֻػˣɽ֮ҲŴֻǺüδӵ绰
ҲǱˣЩѶѡ
һһعȥʱһ绰ʹˣǽӵĵ绰
绰һͨǽӱһͨԹү˵˵Ҳ̫صˣڶǵʱ򲻷ӵ绰⣬عôˣҲһظ绰ƽ
˵һ潫ˣ±Ǹ˵ҵéɽȥһ¸ĸǵطֻûźţոճŸص绰ء
һǸұǱߵ顣


1606 һ·
Ӹ˵Ǹջعĵڶһ磬Ҳ̩ˣϾ̩ĸˣϢҲͨĺܣ֮ǰ˼ˮʥвĸ֣̽ϢʱӵԽûãˮʥ̱鵽ͷϣǸĵʱ򣬱Ӵǣ˵˺ˮʥ̣϶û̩ˣɡ
ã֮ǰߵĴ㣬ҪȻҲǰļ͵˻ģΪԼ׼һ·
ǰŸߣͨ׼õ;ֱӴ̩ص˻ġ
ʱˮʥڱǸĽͷöûü˼ɵ
ˮʥûɱǣһŻסǺֱ޷
ڵˣƻȫϢ֣̩ͨʮûа״
һ鵽ֵʦǴǰݻʦ¶ҲӦܹ鵽
Ǻϸһ룬Ҳû̫ģϾʦ̩ʮĸɮΪߣҲʮǿ󣬺ˮʥ̿϶Ҷһλɮ
ߣݻʦ˶ˣֻǹȥһѣӦҲʦͷ
̩һߣ̩ͻܵʮֳصĴҲû뵽ֵزҸӱǸ⣬Ҫֲڵʧ
һ̩ĲҵҲȫûˣҲ֪ܲ
ҵĲҵҲüֵüڰɡ
Ȼȴ˵ôģԤϵԼôһ죬͵͵ĽԼĲҵȫתˣȻҲתƵڵ£ѾϼҴȥ˱Ժ󱦵Ǳߵ𣬶ԭ𱦵ĸתƵ̩
ֻǻ໻һ¶ѣԲûʲôʧ
˵вſο˲١
Ǳ߿ǵ£ܼҺĺӦǺˮʥҪȥ鷳Ҳ£˵ĺͷҲºˮʥ̣ˮʥǳ׽ˣֻҪˮʥ̵˸ȥ鷳ԲĻȥ
ӻǶ˽ӵӦʱ·ϣҵϵʽȻ˺鷢
˵Ӷ˵ʵ˵ԭǻûκεĻ룬ΪǸͻزˣʵȴٴγϣǲǻˣҶûκεԱˣֱһ漣
̩̽ӺȻ֪ˮʥһڡ
Ṇ̀ǳýӷˣҴ绰ĿһΪȷҵΪ˱ҵĴȣ£һ¹ϵԺҪõǸ缸ĵطȻҲܺϾڵĶݡ
󣬱ֺһԼ˻ȥ֮Ⱦƣҵ˵绰
éɽ֮ұֱӻصϳǣһǸչһ绰һڵʱСĵĿɲᡣ
չ˵ںҶˣѦСڻһ
һڵĵչָ࣬ŷ
ϳǵļд죬ȥս壬ԼһپƣһЩҴ̩СļʱϹġ
һ˲پƣȾƵʱĵ̩飬죬ֻɱ³Ȼһ·Ƕ챻һ飬սľѣ档
Ҳ˵˹ˣҲΨһһ˺ˮʥ̻ܻġ
Ȼ飬Ǿڲᡣ
ڼ䣬ţĵԬΪһ˵ǿ϶뵽Ԭһ
һӵ˽ǣ˵صװ֯
һ˵¶ұ˵Ǹˣ֪ԬͶǸװ֯ǲǾˣҲںˮʥ̵¡
ҪĻǾ˼ˡ
ս˼ǣնݾҪɱˣԬҲһͷ󻼣罫ӡҲĳ
ܾ֮ǰǾ飬ó˵ĺӣԬȻԬͶ
ԬҲɵӣδؿϽס
Ԭ˵ĺصǱȽϰȫģʮ⣬ǺӲûмһ졣
ʵҲôо΢ЩԬҲʲôˡ
ߣҲ뾲һʱ䣬úùһʱУ˳һ콣ĵ߸ʽ


1607 
ڼ죬˸սһ֮⣬һȥһصŵļүӣүӺٹһ궼Ǹӣ۴ﶬǹη꣬磬һΣŴ̹ӣһյģ
ҵ飬үһֱʮֹģغȥǵжүҲս˵ˣҲΪһ亹û뵽ǵĵô󣬾ȻǺˮʥһаӴ֯ˮʥ̵ĳЩΪѾԽһص
һص֪һЩأһɵˮʥȫ̻ͨΪһĳЩٷһЩǧ˿ƵĹʵǲǡ
ңһصʵ
һصһֱܵĹٷǿѹĿŵĺΪһЩµĹȻˮʥһصҪࡣ
һȥ͸ɵ˺ˮʥ̵³һһȷѪ꣬ɱ˺ܶˮʥ̵ĸ֣үҲΪ˸еԾ
үӸҢһ㣬˵ÿμңܸоڳɳԸҲ֮ǰȶˣ֮ҲǷâ¶
ʵҵΪһֱڲϵ콣ľŸʽÿͻһУΪͻͽǷ
Ϊÿһ콣ǿΪΪ֧ţ콣ͻơ
ʵĿǰ˵Ȼڽ㲻Ϊһ֣Ȼ޷éɽƽֶ̺ĴᲢۣéɽһܹһϸ¡
éɽЩ϶ǿ˼ʮϽҲʮͱɾͣȻʮǿˡ
ҵһϴ跥кܴĹϵ
ߣеҲΪı£Ͼ͸ǲ̫һ
ʵܹ֮ߵһϵķйأҲһǿʵ֤
еļҵۺʵĽǾȻԶһ棬ԵԺգڶṆ̀ȻҲܿڻߵȦﴫ˿Ȼû˻СȺ˵ʵ
ǿҪǵĴȣ˿ɼһߡ
սͼүӼһ֮ڵĽҲҹһΣҾֻǵΪ££ϵ
ʵ¶ӦȥȥҽӺԵŵлģζ֮УڰǺܴæΪˣ̩ĸܵĪǣò뿪ķˮ̩תսλá
һطȻûʲôʵڵʧܴ󣬱Ͼ̩ôˣԴѾʮӴ󣬸һطԶҪ𣬿νء
ΪˣҸ˵Ҫ⳥һʧȻȴ˵ãΪ뿪ȥ̩֮ǰӱӦǣѸṩһΰ˲Զš
Һôһ顣
ʱͻȻһ飬ɱ˵³ʱ򣬾һ³ѺڵεԱЩΪ˱ʾл³˽صһЩö׸ǣЩ廨ţԪн鱦һЩ߰Ķ
Դɱ˵³һֻˣһֱûʱ鿴ӵ³ﶼʲôڵУұ㵱Žӵ棬ӵ³Ķһһ˳
ʮڴССӣ϶Ƕźܶ౦ʯһǼֵơ
һóô౦ʱ۾ֱˣǴʲôطģȥôöǼֱֵȥˣֻһۣӱ˵óЩǰڶû⡣
֮ԵŽӵ潫ЩóŽЩǮͶڴܻҵľ͸ϽܹӪͶһǮǮټǮ
֪ڲϵ⣬ķҲԣز鱦ҵνķˮ
ڵʽʮۺҲӹɵģҪȻҲὫڵǡ
ʵ߽Ҳò̫ǮҽЩǮڣһͶʣǮǮһᣬһЩҪǮˣ罨켸ϣСѧסһЩƶѧõؼûǮҽε˵õȵȣûϹѧȴøѧϡ
˵뷨˴Ĵָ˵үߣû뵽үôһˣˣԺүڵĹɷˣǴ⡣


1608 תǬ
һ¶ȻΪڵĴܼңһľȨ¶Ҫ֪һС
˵¶϶ʮֻϲҲڰͲõ顣
Ⱦ޶ʽ·ƨҲ뵽ȻǴӺˮʥǱ߸ġ
Ҫ˵ǵ³£ЩҲǲ֮ƣΪ˾Ǯƣ³ʲô¶Ϊ潣˿ڣɶıںз٣޶
³ǼһﻵҲõӦе³ºˣһȫ˹
Ǯʮְ࣬Ҳֻ֣ó£ܸοЩںˮʥе޹飬ҲΪһ΢Ĺװɡ
һʽӼѣ㷭ǼȻǲÿǱʯʯҲһһӵģҲ֪³ǴﵷĳЩ
֮⣬һЩĹŶ⻹һЩŵķŶ
ҿĽмѣ棬ҪڽƶϲƵļǮ
ӿЩֱһֵƣס˵ȥˡˣ¿Ƿˡ
ˣұ΢Ц˵ϽЩҪʲôϲģԼҲţҲҶһлɡ
ģЩŵʵ
⻹м٣űˡҵ
ҵ죬ЩÿһֵǣǺˮʥռ챦Ҳ̫һЩ˵
ҺٺһЦ˵ٽҲûֵ֮󣬽ôæұʾһҲӦõġ
лȻĶͻȻ䣬Ӵӵ·һһ£Ծ˵Ǹö
ǰһõĺһһĶǶҲһŵɫģһȦϸС֣Ƶģǻߵ֣ЩǷģǷŵһ
ʲô磬ʶҺ
үҾⶫӦţʵϧûĻⱦӦýתǬơȻ
תǬƣ˵ţȻʵǸʲô
ɲǳ֮ǰ˵³һ̩һʦһΪһһ츳ڵ³ϣⶫͽжתǬƣһʮķϣ߶֮ʱĸƴԷΪԶʤ㣬ǿֶιĻ⶷תǬƱὫԷתƵ֮ϣжȥ󲿷ֵýܵˣ˵ǲһЩ˵
ȥⶫôҴӽнӹǶתǬƣϸһ£Ҳûпʲôʮͻĵط
ģΪܼңķǲǸһ۾ֱܷŰɣԺ϶ϴó˵
ǺðɣҾţЩȥɣͳһֵǮȻҾˡЦŽǬƸϣ˵СʣⱦΪ׼ġ
ֻϧⱦҷֵЩˣҲʶ̩ʱǴ϶ϴó
ֵһ˵ǣ³ҪǴתǬϣһ콣еķ绢Ҳ޷ˡ
֮Ե³ûдϣҲǲýⱦóΪСɫòⶫܹ¡
˼֮󣬽ӱ˸绰¥ˣ˺ü˲ŽҴӵ³ıȫתƵ˳ϡ
ڽӣ⼸εĿ飬һǱȽϷĵģ϶ҺЩǮһ϶ĿԼֵǮлǴиüĿġ
ӵô౦ȻǻϲѣæҸˣЩڡ
Ƚ֮ұչǴһ绰Ȼֱӿų㵽˺ҶȣȥѦСߺͰչǡ
һٴμ棬ַǷȥ˺ҶѦҩ֮ȾͿѦСߺһԿŮһʮۣ֮ĹϵҲ׽˺ܶ࣬Ǳ˴˵֮оܹ
ԴǴ˽ͷȻѦС֮Ĺϵǳ׵ȷѦСߵãʼҸ΢ЦǼѦСߵЦ˵ҲϴСˣʲôʱ飬ôһҲϲϲ졣


1609 ǳ
ѦС߱ʼ£Щ˼˵¶ٵȵȣżദһʱ䣬һ¸顣
ȴЦСߣˣҾǵĸѾˣ֪ӵǳҲ֪ĳ̣Ͻİϲ°ɣСɮҲܲϲƺȺȡ
ҷϻôԽԽأҲ֪ǲĲˣɶ֪ǳС߸ĳ̣
Ҹоϻ⻰⣬Ҳ֪ѦСûллȻҲû˵ʲô
Ҳ֪ǲ绨˵ǰ㣬ǹ˴֪ǳˡ
չҪָһʱ䣬ϳǵļ︸ĸҲûڣһȥ¼ҹ˵Ҳûʲô˼˺ҶѦСߵļոһ˻죬Ҳʮֳ졣
ȻʱҲûţӽ콣ĵ߸ʽ죬һʮּ޵
콣ʱҲڲϹı¡
ʦǱѧֶܼΣԽ߾еīڸҵԦľ
ֶζǳʺңļֶοԸһãǿ
ԦľֿԸڵĲľ֮໥ںգܹͬͷųӿֲ
֮зӡǿǲľ֮Ѿҵ˴룬Ϊ
ʱգҽ³ڤʬħ֮ӵԩǿת֮ұԵǷΪ⻪Ϊһ֣ɽ˺éɽƽҲһ֮
ʱ򣬲콣˺ϴ辭ҶܹɵգܹǷҸү֮ǿҲûпܡ
һ뵽һ㣬оĪļʳĿʼϵзţȡԼĸǿ
û취̫ˣұԼǿ
ߵǣǵһһǺˮʥ̵ĶߣҲʶԼĲ㡣
ԣұҪǿ󣬲ڹ֮б
һһֱʮֳŵһصҲ֪ǵʲôı
ǰܹȫǽʬӤںϣָʮΪôҽԵ޷Ŀֲ֪һ綼Ҫֻʱ䳤̶ѣҵʱȻˡ
Ѧҩִ˴ԼаµĹ⾰ÿճԷ˯֮⣬ʣµʱ϶Уǹͻǵ߽ʽ飬һ̶и
˵߽ʽǿˣһиչĻ𾫳ֶЩƣ֮䣬Ͻ֮еǽ֮б³һӴܹ֮γһ޴Ļϯ˷յƬײһУȷǱȰչǻ𾫳ɱĲֹ
µĹ⾰Ҳû̫ŵ굹Щǳ̣߽ܵʽҪɹҪܳһʱĥϡ
һ飬ҲˣǽӴӵ³ղصЩУҳǸתǬƣһֱҵϣҶĴڡ
һ죬С߼һΧһԷʱ򣬻зϵĶתǬƣһʱ棬ʲôôƵģϡ
£ұ˵ⱦĳǴӵ³Ǳߵġ
һ˵⶷תǬܹתƶԷǿ󹥻бȤҪҳȥ⶷תǬûн˵ô档
ǲԲ֪һһ
ҸоС߼ҵԺȻ˼С
дȫֻʹУתǬƵܲܽϻҵתƵ֮ϡ
ҺϻվȣȻϻȫΪһƳصĴ˹ұסϻһơ
ײһʱ߲ûио̫ĳֻǾϵǶתǬ΢΢һ˲㽫ϻҵת˳ȥ˳˫ȵľֱע뵽˵֮ϡ
ѦС߼ҵԺӾ͸ˣѿ˺üѺۣϵש׷ѣɢ׵ľ롣
ҽʹɵ˻ΪǿƵĹҲûκεˡ
˵⶷תǬƵȷһɶõı
һⱦʱϲ⣬æǵ³ղصı֮лûģϽһô̫ˡ
ȻòƾֻҵһҲ֪ûˣҹЩ˵⶷תǬƸˣϵķҲǣϻҲֻϽһķѡ
ǻȴҪ˵Ӳã˼Ҫ


1610 ƺӹ
˶תǬȷЩ֣ⷨ˵ҪЩ鱦Ķˣ߿ľʵֻҪʵ㹻ǿǮ֮֮Źӹɵġ
ѦС߼ִ˼죬ҲѦСߵĸףǰѦСߵĸ׿Ҷûкɫ϶ǹҴѦС߳ȥϹ죬˸ȣҪǼҽңѦСȿ϶Ƿϵˡ
ڣһȥһ˹կѦС߸㵽ǻƤ棬ѦСߵȻָûʲôˡ
ߣѦСôһƯδޣ˼Ǵˣҵ̬Ҳ˷츲صı仯
Ⲣ˵ѦСߵĸÿһĸԼҵˣƶʲôɫҲ֮顣
ңݶǻˣѦС߻ָ
ֹû죬Ǳ߱Ҵһ绰˵һҲǹڴߴߵģߵ³ĶӸ˵ҴЩ鱦ȵȡȫ֮һʮӴ֡
Ӹұһ֮ŵǵһ
Ǯ治һĶ࣬ԶԶĳҵǱǮƸԭȵϳǵүļҲҲ࣬ת۵ĹҾͱһ
Ǯֻһ˵ģôֵܸһȥ˶ƴĶȻзݣҸ˵һ׼пֱһЩǮȻǮ϶Ҳ٣ʱ˽͹Ȼٷָߵļλֵǡ
⿨Ǯֵǻ٣ǮܻᲹȫ
⿨Ļϻһ춼ˣһ飬
еĴ󲿷ֵǮɽóһʽƺϣ֮ġ
ôӪҲڿҲȥˣֻҪϲȱǮá
ԴӶǻ֮һӾͱİҲûʲô鷢
ʱ䣬ÿ춼ڿҲоʱŵĶô졣
תۼ䣬µĹ⾰͹ȥˡ
֮ǰҸéɽڵҢԼȷҢ˴ڸһЩ֮УۿŻа¾Ҫˣһ뵽ܹܿȣлкܴڴġ
µʱ֮ڣҵҲ˲ٵĳ
ʦڸҵĴѾգīҵԦľҲоĲˣҵзӡϻĲľ֮Ѿ߰˰ˡ
һֱҴһֵǶڸ飬ڸ飬ڸ·ϣѵеʱҲûʱƽľĺúУʱÿԽежһ£Լ磬ָоǺܲġ
Ȼ̹Ӳûг̫ãһ飬ҵļ֣֮ͻҸЩ޷ܣҸ޷ѡ
ۿȥéɽȻаҵĹ⾰ҽӵһ˵ĵ绰绰ɽǵҸҴģ˵ҹȥһæ
ɽصϸɲ֮ǰɽصĸˣʹѾޣҺսȥɽǸʱԵɽһεص鳤Ǹһף̰ͼҵĶʦ֣ҪΪУŪҡ
ʱܲңһʰҪϳ棬ĺܲҡ
ԣ϶дġ
Ұæҿ϶Ƴ٣ڶûôʵǹȥʲôæ
ʵҰܼ򵥣˵ڴʡڵĻƺһײģƯڻƺӵˮ֮ϣǿڹײЩаţÿֵʱܻźܴ٣һƺӹ׳ֵʱ򣬻ƺӰߵһСļʮˣһҹ֮ȫ
ص˾͹ȥ飬Щһ˿ڶûУ״ȴʮֵĿֲһ˫ۣӶ챬˳忴ȥҲŤ
صĿ죬Щ˶Ǳ˻ǣ
ɵĿֻżΣѾصܾȥˣصܾרоһӣ˵ǻƺӹ֮пһʮаŵĶǧѵһһ߼Ʒʬ⽩ʬͷʬ˭Ҳ֪ʬγɵģΪʲôͻȻڴʡĻƺ
϶һЩ˽ģ֪Ǹʬҵĺˣڸֽʬһ˽⣬ϻרſƽʬķŸϵһ£ܲڳʱʡ߿һܲܽʬˡ
ʬĵȼʮָˣһʮֲֿаרſɻ˵еģȷʮּ֡


1611 ʬ
ʬаȼʮɭϣΪܶ࣬ЩǴϷ࣬ëë֮ġ
ЩǴӡ塱Ϸ࣬ʬʬ
Ǵ۾Ϸ࣬Щʬ۾Ǻɫģ۽ʬ۽ʬ۽ʬ
ǴϷ࣬ʬʬɡʬ
ЩǴӷϷ࣬ҾһһһˣǼ洫ǱϴжԸֽʬļأʮֵϸ¼ܹҶýʬˣûеġ
û۾ôţΪǱϾôдģҼүĴȻéɽЩȴéɽǶ⽩ʬ˽⣬Ƕһģ˿ɵС
ʬһֺĽʬʬֽʬǴϷģ͵ȵĽʬǰëʬȻֱǺëëëëɽʬʬǡ
бȰëʬ͵ȵĽʬǻϾͲǽʬˣȥЩǽʬܹıˣֽʬֻթʬΪͨʬ
թʬСʬòʲôΪȥթʬļʶŷһѻˣֲʲô۶ˡ
һëʬȫͲһˣҪרŵķʦܽ
꣬Һȥͷ˽ĹУǽĹеʬǰëʬһͽĸ˸ˡ
ǻǺܶǰ飬ʱҪʮ֮һǰٷ֮һı£һССİëһָͷʰҲǵǰôǱ
ʬѾǵȼǳߵĽʬˣĿǰܹéɽʬ巢ʬ䣬Ҳֻʬ˲ɺëʬëʬɱѾˣܹһˮ׼ĸһϸ£ëëȻ󻹸һɽŲʬ
ţȵĽʬӦñǲˡ
ĽʬүȥҶȥȥҲûãΪ۸ʰˣȥҲҸүĴãҪԸһ߲ǣҲҪţӾˡ
˵ʵڵģһ˵ǻƺӹ֮ŵһʬҲЩǣҲ֪Լܲʰʬ
˵ʬˣɽûмҪǿүӵϣҸȥܣصôãһĹҲʰסʬ
׻˵ĺãҵרŪ⽩ʬǱȽרҵģҲÿүܹ
Ȼ˼룬Ҳֻȥˣʰ˴ʡǾʬŲҲóˣʱ˳·Сȸӹ
绰֮ұչͻ˵һֻǸ˵ȥʡһС£һһѣŻкͰչȥġ
ǻ˵ӱǸֺһЩʲôҪһ£ܲһ磬Ҳ̫ôչȻָҲˣҪһʱ䣬˴֣˸
ߣԸʬ϶ֹһˣص϶ɺֹܶȥҾÿ϶Ǵ´࣬ûǸһȥ
ɽ·ԶģһҲףһ͸˵ˡ
ȥһǾһȥȽϺãǴһƱֵܣԵҶûбƵġ
ȥʡ֮ǰһүүһ绰ȷһƺӹ׵顣
үүӵҵĵ绰˵ȴд£ǻƺӹаֵͦףʱĻܹȥƣҲΪˡ
뵱ʬеʱ򣬱רʰʬģʬֵļ٣Ϊڶʵ˻𻯣ʬ嶼ˣʬͲôˣڳֵĽʬһ㶼ףΪǶǺܾ֮ǰĽʬЩеģԸҲס
ʵܶطнʬĴţʱڴʡɽ¾ֹʬǼ֮ǰɽеĵʿʬ䣬ʱɳ˴󲿶ȥ׽ʬֱӿںˣɴ˿ɼ⽩ʬǺεȵĿֲ
Ȼүү˵ȥҾ͸ȥˣүү绰ҲЩҪ԰ڵ˼
£ұ뿪˺Ҷȣųֱ˴ʡ֮ǰҸϴһ绰˵ʡеǸطң֮绰˹ҡ
Ҵ糿ʼ㿪һһҹ֪ڶʱ֣ŵϸ˵ǸطһĿĵأұϴһ绰˵ԵƬ̣һ˹ȥҡ
ôʱĳҲЩƣڳϴƬ̣оû϶ãһҵĳһۣ㿴վɽװȻɳˡ


1612 ټ
Ҵ˳ţǰһʮֿʵǴ³ع𣿡
ҵ˵ͷ˵ҾǶλɹģ
ǵģɹģһһᣬʮֿ֣Ҹһ֣Ǵк
ǲйģұҵĳǸ˵һطǱ㿪Ŀĵʻȥ
ڳϣλͣڳɨһ֮ɫһ˵⳵϶ֵưɣôΣһͷһμ
⳵Ϊϴǧɽε飬͸ҵģֵȷʵƣӦǧϣʵ˶ԳûʲôܿãڼȻôһ飬Ҳ˼գҲһֱš
΢΢һЦ˵ȷʵ͵ģҲûô
ѳֿǹ󷽵ģǶ˿ͷһôĳǶ˵
æ˻⣬ʵǻƺӹ׵鵽ôһ¶ֵʲôزˣ
һ£ɫһ˵ƺӹ׵зѾֳ˰ˣÿǻƺӹ׳ֵʱܻŴѷϣǻƺӹеа¾һӵˣǸӲҲʮˣ̫ˡһ˯СӶûзŹ
ʵڻƺӹһֵʱصϴʡĸٷԻƺӱϾסЩɢ󲿷Ѿ˻ƺӱߣҲмסڻƺӱϵկӲȰȻּ뿪ȴֳ˴ӣһկӵȫǻƺӹеаˡ
˵̾ϢһֵʡصԴʮӣܾҲɳ˺ֶܶ£ǻƺӹаƮɱ˱ƺӺӵף޼ѰϾֵҲһˣ޷ֹǻƺӹаɱ񡣡
һ˽ֵ¶ŪĻ̻̣Щصһ춼ţЩ˺ü춼ûҺˣ־صֵܾĴУҲֻоһۣ˵ǻƺӹĶпһֵߵĽʬʬȻ󣬵ڽ֮ϻķˮ𣬡סͷصҲ׹ܶСһǼͷ۾ﶼðǣܹʵ̫ˣѧԨǶԸֽʬп֮һʬиˡ
˵ֵܼͷô𣿾ٷӡ
°ͣЩǫ˵λ磬ǧҴôߵñӣȻǸʬңѾĩʱѧıȻ޷ҼȣʬҲûмֻ˵ǾΪʵʰˣҲûа취
̫ǫˣ˵ڶˮʥ̵³ɱˣһʬӦܹ׾ٵµġֵ
ȥ¶Ȼʡص鶼֪ˡ
ν˵Ӱ꣬Ǽֵڽ֮ϵȷ̫һЩ
һ·˵ţǱ㽫ʻŴʡĻƺӱ߸ȥʻ˴ԼһСʱңǱһƬɽҰ֮Уǰû·ˡ
طҲͬͣźܶ೵ӣӦصĳ
⳵ӿͷȽϴǰС·Ҳȥ
£˱˳ǰ첽˰СʱһƬɽ֮УԶԶı㿴һСвڻ
ߵǸص˱ϾǰǸǹȥɡ
Ӧһ˳Ŵȥ߹ȥһϾվڴڣصĸ߲Сʲôһҹϱżصĸ߲㳯˹ĸ֡
Сţ⺢ӿǹˣƺӸĴǶоˡס֣ʹĻ˻Ρ
˵ϣо֮ҹҲصΪˣҲûʮİա
ͺãСͷôΪͻͽǰˣЩϼһѾЩĺɳ̲ϡЦ˵
ǫ˼䣬ȻϾ͸ҽߵһЩˣվһһˣֽĮɽصĸˣԴϴݺ֮󣬾ͱߣˣҲ֪ȥĮı׵λãɽص鳤
˶ʮֿ֣˵


1613 ԩ·խ
ߵĻмˣǴʡɽǵص쵼дʡʡֵĸˣееĸˣ϶һһܣҲǺѿһ
ǵ֣ҲûмסҲûȥǣ̫һЩ
ǰϰƽǾʬģֲǹύѣЩʡԱʡԡ
ңϵûôܣ⼸̫һЩصҲʶҪǣҼүǻֵܾĸˣүӹλȽϴһܸ¶ӣص벻ʶҶѡ
ʬ飬ҲǱΪġ
ϵıжξж󣬸óֵʱۻǲܺ
ʶһ֮ϲ˵⣬̾Ϣһŵƺӹ׵ֵ̫ˣⲻֱǻƺӹаˣһڶû£εǣæ˴£ȻаӶûм
Ŀǰƶǻƺӹапһʬûп֮ǰһл׼ġڣҴ㵽￴ҶԽʬȽ˽⣬ȥЩʬ壬ǲʬɵġ
Ӧһ˱㳯ŴȥڴмһطһܴԺӣӦǴãһȥұܵһŨӭɵüͷһһת䣬Һܿ㿴Ժڷżʮʬ壬ðײţԺȴûŵһ˿˿Ѫζ
ҿ첽ǰҪԺȥʱʱ򣬴ԺһͻȻ߳˼Щ˶ŵʿװУһһˡ
ҿǸ˵ʱҲң˵ɫһ㶡
ô
ǹġ
Ժ뵽ĵһͷ
ȻԷ֮΢΢һ¶һЦݣͱˣ͸һѱľͷ˺޲ȥȸ˵
˲Ǳˣǵɽƽ̻˵Ķ
ڵʱΪһǧɽθҲ˹ڣʱǧɽΪ˸ѦҵλүˣǧɽΪ˸ף٣ǧɽջҵģ··ҪӲ
գҸ֣˵Сӹ°Ҳԭģ꿴ŸҲ󣬵Ϊǿǵɽʦ洫ʱСӵΪҲڲ֮䣬ֻǲ֪ûг
Ҫǵʱλʦ棬Ҹ֮϶Ҫֳһߵ
óһûм棬û뵽ڴʡһƬĽҰ뵱лϣǻԩ·խ
ǹʬģǿ֮󣬵Ǳȿʬ廹Ӧ
£үһøһ档
϶ʱļһסҵĸ첲˵СŰҸһ£⼸Ǵʡŵĸ֣ЩǴɽġ
˵ţϱҿ첽ߵ˵ǰ棬ܿĸ˹Ȼ˵λҸҽһ󱲣Ǹʬҵĺˣλ˵ɣ
ԭ˵ĿⶼûзϣҲû⵽ˣǽҵһСˣ֮⡣
һϱҵţλʱĿһݣ׷׳ҹ˵һһᣬ֮ġ
Ҳĸ˻ǫ˼䡣
ȦӶԼģΪߣǿ˶ᾴη㼸֣ʲôֻЩèı£ȻҲ㣬үүͷ˱Ҳҿ֣Ǳȴ֪ôҵļء
ԣܴЩ˵֮пʵʵϿˡ
ϾݺὭ⼸꣬˼̣նɱħ飬ˡ
һʼҳʱ򣬺֪үү˭Ҵ֮˲֪ӡ
үӺܿһһЩɽˣɽǵγһְн۵컪ˣɽĳĳˣǴʡ֮ǿߡ
ҶһһǿЩ˶Ҳʮֿ޲ڡ
Щ˵ʱɽһֱƲŸ죬߸˸޵ӣȫûнҸ
үӲſ֣µĸҽܵСţҸһλλ˲ˣ˴Žɽ˵ĹӣɽʦΪͳĴУһѵһĸ֣ǶһٮٮߣӦûʶһ£ѡ


1614 Լһ
ȻүӰѻ˵꣬ͻȻһϵĻһ˦ۣʮֲм˵ϣͲٽˣ֮ǰʶ
Ŀǣڳ˶һ㶣ԵЩΡ
ҵν֪СʲôˣҲһߵﶼӣ˶ǷǮƵģôǰصĸ߲棬СӻɲӣʵЩʶ̧ˡ
Ϊ˻ЩεգүӸЦǾȻʶ̫ˣһ죬˵ԺܳΪѣһǵ㣬ɽһΪܳĵӣһǸʬҵĺˣ⼸ˮڽϴټͷҪ˵λǻһΪܳĸ֣ܹλƺӹ׵㲻ʲô鷳ˡ
үӻһ䣬űһмЦ˵һɽҰӣҲܸһᲢۣⲻǺô˵ڣܻΪ飿
˻һڣΧɫүӵɫѿĿԣû뵽Ȼ˵ֱӣһӶ
Ȼ˵ҵȷʵѾϰ˵ķ񣬵ǺһЦ˵˵ĵȷǴʵ˼ɽƽ̵ĶӣҲһҰ˼ҶţȰһͶ̥Ͷ̥ƽŵĶһҳұȲӣ׻˵ͬΪıȻƲۣҲ˼ƨɣǵʶˡ
Ƣһʱüŭ㡭
ʲô㣿ѵҴһܲɣϴ㻹ҷ༥
¶һ벻ϴθеʱ򣬱λʦˣҪȻͱҴſˣʹѵһ㲻ɣ
˵ţһ֣׷꽣ʱͷ֮ϣ죬ƴ
üһɵƿҪҸһܵӣҲܺһһ֣ܿ챻Ҽ˳ʱȫϵĞųȫǣΧ·Ʈ
Ҹһ棬Ͼ͵ǻײ˭Ҳ˭ȻҲ´ܡ
֪ôǰصĸ߲ǰ˶Щ̫񻰣Ƕǹæģʬ滹ûмţԼȴô˵ȥ
ǱңСүɲһףͲƢ
үģСүʲôӲûôϼ
һ֣Χ˶ʱܵˣɽǼλסοӣҶѣΪ˶ԸǻƺӹʬŹģһģΪôͬҲٸأҶ𣬸Ͻ¡
үҲסҵĸ첲ȰСšҲﶯְ͵ϷһӣǶλҲǿġ
үӣҲӣСʵ̫ҪҶֻ֣ӲˡȻ
үһΪѣٴοЩ˵ӣϽ·һлú˵һͶְ
ЩҲɵ˵㱻ļΪǰˣ˷Щ˳Ժȥһһŭ˵ҵţʰʬҲҸԼһܣۣ˭Ҫǲ˭ث֣
ðʱ㣬һ㲻ɣЦ˵
Ǻãҵţ˵仰㱻λ˳ȥ
˷ǸСӻǸӣɵģϴҵǧɽεһֱڻҾˣôأ
֮ԵʮΣǰһƵ˵СŰǲʲôڰһ仰û˵Ҫ
Ҳ̸ʲôܴĹڣܾ֮ǰڽڼһ棬һǧɽΣСûǮҸ¶һֱǺģСǼѡҽ͵
˵һʡص쵼˵أҿϵûʲôӰƢǴһЩѱѲŰղһֱ¶ϵѾʮֿˡ
˸˵һ乫
Ҳͷ˵ǰӵȷЩˣôǰҪ֣ʵǡ
һЩε˵ϣȻҸ˹ʰʬΪʲôҪ첻ߣ


1615 ʬ
ү̾ϢһӲϷģϾֵĴ쵼ָɹģ˽֪ɽʦڿƸֽʬҲһ׶صİ취ɽƽ̻˵Ĺӣõɽʦ洫ԸʬҲһİ취ԸʬаĸȻԽԽã˭Ҳû뵽ӸĹڰ
ϣصģҲøǶƽϣԺˣԼû¶ҳ飬ǾͲܹˡɫ
ϵӲĴһ飬Щί˵СŰ֮ʢΪɽƽ֮ӣ۹ﳤģûܹˣԲģɲܸһʶɽƽ֮ӿɲģŭɽڣǧ֣˺Щ꣬һǶȽ˽ģѰ֣һ־֣Ҫȥģ¶Լպ÷ִ硣
˵һ治ʲôɽֻҪǽҸˣһʰҲֻܲһʶ
үӺͼΪʡص쵼ȰοһƽϢеŭת¶ǺұߵЩƺӹﺦĴʬԱߣ˳ֱҿһײžͿһС۵
СȥҲа˾ģһСŮɫ࣬ŵĺܴ͹˳沿ʮ־֣ǰܵĪľš
壬ѾγʬѪҺסˣԣǵĻǶѾˣǱʲôаһӽȫߡ
ٴƿļŰײҲǸСŮһģ״֣沿Ť黨һЭʱ򣬱ȻĪʹࡣ
걻⣬ʹǷܳܣǲŻ
һ˺üʬ֮ҵĶʱͳɽص鳤Įϵܣܿʲôŵ𣿡
Ŀǰһƶϵһ㣬пһʬҲпʮĹʬֽʬǽڰʬ״̬ȿгɽʬǣҲӵĵУɱ˵ĻǱΪ˲Ͻɸ߼Ľʬһʬȡ㹻˻ǣһʮεĵطһҪҵĿԼΪ㣬Ϊʬֽʬ˼άģñؾᣬرԶԸ֮󣬻źܳʱ䣬ҲҪżʮ꣬һҲδ֪ʱٳǵоˣʱɷʬҲпֱӾתɲˣأʬǾĺãº󻼣ꡣһ˵
ʬǡĮ˵ţ˽Ҳһ
ϲʬͲǶǼƷĽʬˣǧѵһаⶫһȻͿ̿һҪЭֱӽʬɱ򣬿Ժסˡ
˷׷׵ͷǣһɫʮ־֡
ϵܣǸʬҵĺˣԽʬ˽ⲻӦ֪ôѰʬڰɣһƺа£ʬӰӶûпǻƺӹҲǴӴĿе֪ġĮ˵
ʬǼ֮η⣬ҳ֣ʬамߣ峿߰ʮҲʱ¶棬Ҫҵ²ף֮취ܹҵʬټҲδ֪
Ҹ˽͵ҵķͷǡ
ɽصĮǺЦϵܲǸʬҵĴˣԽʬаʮ˽⣬ڣǾͷˡ
ǰǰ˷׷͵
λ˵Щ̫磬ʬɲеǰ򵥣ţڳλûмʬʲôʵҲûмүүҲûмʬ飬ҲֻҼ洫йأʮѶԸʱҪЭͬԸʬǡҵ
СֵܣıǣΪ˶Ըʬص鲻֣Ӵʡɽ˲ٵŸ֣ôڣʰǾʬһ쵼г˵
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣҷǻûʶʬĿɲҪۼ˲С
£ɨһµϵЩײסʬ壬˵Щʬ뾡תƳȥŻƺӰԽԶԽãһʬӦΣգЩʬ嶼ͻȻɽʬȻΧǣֻԶˣʮ￪ĵطʬŻЩʬʧȥϵ


1616 ӷϴ
˵Щص쵼ʱһкһߵˣæԸȥټһ˹Щʬȫ̧ߣҷڶĳҽԺ̫ƽ
ȻûĹ򣬱һˣ׷׽Щʬ嶼ˣֱӸ̧˳ȥ
æһѾʱ֣ڻһʱ䣬ʡһص쵼ȥ緹˵Ǹҽӷϴˡ
֪ΪүүԵʣΪҵͷĺܴ߼УصЩ쵼ҶʮֵĿұ뿪ãȥ
ӱͲ󣬾ڻƺӱߵһɽɢŶʮ˼ңܹ˿Ҳһˣ˶ʬˣⷿȫ
ұЩص쵼һʮָɾԺ֮У⻧ũҵĿĿڷӣÿһ϶ʮˣȺģҿϾȻоơ
쵼ĴĻ֮»ôóԵû뵽ġ
˵һһҹĳˮδյ˵طͱ쵽ڣҵĶĶˣ쵼Ĵ֮£Ǳ
ոûãԺһƱˣŲƮƮģÿӦȫʮߡ
ܿ죬Щ˶ӣЩ˱Ǵʡ֮иŵĸ֣֮ǰɽ˺ͽ۵컪˵ˡ
֮⣬кܶûмĵŸԼصĸ߲㡣
Ȼп϶ٲ
һҾ۾һۣӲƲ˳ûмôǷļһ
סӣûңҲ֪Щ˵Щʲô
ЩʡĴãⲻһ˴˻ʶһһҲڣҲ޲ڣЩҲǽֵкܶŸҽύҾЩܳ
һܿ춼ܹĶǷ֮ȻҲûʲô֮֡
صĸ߲ЩŴҲɢÿһ˶ϾصЩǱصЭ참ģôҲÿͿģܰصɻ
˹⽫ҺֿģʡļŴûмλص쵼һ
ߣǸүӺ֮ǰʶ컪һ⻹һǳҲصһ٣Ǵʡصֳܾ
һٸһȻǽҿĺأҵ˶Ըʬ
ߵǼλҲǳŴɡ
һһˣһֱɽ¶ˮģҲԵʮֳȣҲô˵֮ǰүӸҽܹ˽ǿɽƽ˵׼ҵӣһʵͦǿģһг֮һˡ
һһƱյܿͳԺ
ԷȾƵʱ򣬴һﶼ˵ЦģҲԵڣһֱоһ˫˵Ŀһֱڳ͵͵ɨ˵ǿ϶Ǽһ͵͵ңүģҲ֪СӾжôСǼ͸һǧɽôԸྲ
ȻҲ
ԵһʱǸǿͻȻʮֿʵСŸ磬˵ǰȥһ˶ǣնɱ˺ˮʥ̵³һӺˮʥ̵Χ֮˳п϶ǳգܸܲ˵ǰѶʲô飿
һ˵¶˶׷׼һλ˵Ǻˮʥڶȫ綼һһа֯ƣǵ³ΪڻĶһһĸ֣ϵܾȻӰо֮ȡǵ³ͷݵʶ岻ѣƶ̾簡
ӱϵ˷׷׵ͷǣһˮʥڻҲ׹ġ
£Ҳûж˵Щʲô䣬ֻ˵ϴζ֮Уһˣնɱ˵³ҲңһѽаչΪɵĴˣֻ˵³һ¶ѡ
ұָǼ˵һ׷ɱǵȻһж赭деգҲܸܵõǿҵ־η˼֡
Ȼ˵¶ʱڲԶЦߡ
үġ
һٷԵ֪ͺһĵȻ磬ǲ˸¶ȥʬ֮ء
£һֳˣׯԶĻƺӱϣѰ


1617 ס
һȺˣƺƵԴʡŵĸֱʮ߰˸⻹ҺˣЩҲԮʡصɽصĸҲмʮ֮⣬кܶǹʵؾԱУƲνƴ
һ֮󣬳ԱǶʱֳÿһ˵зֱеŸֺص˻һ
ȻҺһһ飬һܣصڰϴԲŽǸֿġ
Ҹүӵһ飬źһ·ȥҲŶʮֻһ𣬳źζȥ
ԸʬûһߣҲиѰʬİ취
ͱһˣǸɽˣõһָ̣ͨתжϵĴ򣬴Ӷжϳʬڡ
ȻʬȻһ߼ƷĽʬһԼ˼άȻζ˵׷٣жλҲһܹȷʬĲ֮
֮⣬һصóһֻ̽ǵĶصЩ̽ѰĴڣǾصĿлװģֻܹͨ̽ѰʬĴڡ
ֻҲ̽ѰĶصĿлзġ
ͳߣƲֻģ˵ˣЩ޵ĵֻмãΪԼУʵҵҲνֻĸŶӰ첢Ǻܴ˵ԺԲơ
ںܶʱҶֻŹػ״ֻ̬õʱ򣬲Žֻ򿪡
ҪأϾٻЩӰġ
صִĻѰʬߵĴʡɽǵĵжλ
ңˡ
óǷʬߣǼүķéɽʦүùģⷨһʱϹ˵ϽۣӶɳ
ЩŵĴã㲻ʶʬʲôҲܹܵʬ̺ǲɶõϡ䱦
˷׷Χⱦ޲ڣЩͺܴĵ֪ҼҸүȻҲ֪ʬߵΪүƾЩݺὭģЩҵС
ǣȻ˵ʬߵĴڣȴûмʲôӣ׷Χһɢȥæ
ŷʬߣ߶ϸΧı仯
һʼǷʬĩ˵С΢΢˸£Ϣʮֵ΢ʬȷʵطԷʬܹܵϢʬѾ뿪һʱˣֻһЩζڣԽߣζԽԽʬһˡ
һ幫ҵʱ䣬ұóһϣҪôʬص̫ˣʬҲܲĴڣҪôʬûζȥǾֱȥˡ
ʬƮһǹһط˭Ҳֲ׼ĸߵģЩѰˡ
ߵĺһһ߿еķ˶һĪչģźӰʮ·̣һ
ҪҵǾʬǺ׵飬Ͼص˶˰ˣһֱһ̾ҵʬĲڡ
ĸСʱȥˣҹɫԽԽʱ֣ҹѾЩˣƺˮӿţ죬ȴΧʲô֮
һнΪʬ̫ˣĵط֮е޳϶ҿԲ֮ڵľ롣
һ˰һϱʾͣЪЪټѰҡ
һԤУҸоʬпΣߣʬϢԽԽЩʬ߶иӦ
һƽȵĵط˷׷˸طϿο˵λҪɥϷ⸽˰ˣһֱҲʬ٣Ҳص̫һЩǴһһ׽סģڲ£ɱ˻࣬Ҫɵܶ˵ĻǣʬŻ߽Ŀǰɱ˻϶ǻġ
˷׷׵ͷǣ˵ү˵ļǡ
ȻĵʱͻȻ䣬Ͻͨһ绰绰һͨû˵䣬үӵɫʹЩʵôҵˣأ
һү˵Ŀǣ˷׷״ӵվȫүӡ
ʱүæͷֵúúáȵţһҪסţҪϷʹŴϹȥ


1618 һ
ܿ죬үӾͽ绰ˣһ֮󣬲ɨһˣЩ˵ߴһϢʬѾüĿˣ˵ߵˣ˷ʬ˿ѾһƬΧˣûһͬȥζԸʬء
˵ʱϲһղŻͷɥģͻȻ˾һλ˵ϵܣʲôⱾ£Ȼʬڣ
˷ܵ˵ҲǱˣǵɽƽ֮СӶɽʦе·ոӦʬķλɽƽ֮ӻ治˵мˢӵġ
˻һλ۷׷˵Ǹéɽɽ̾һֱ֪ǳˣһɽһͷ
ӹ鴫λ͵
Ҳ˵λҪ˵ҵʬҲûʲôϡģڳλһڴʡ֮պ֮иҵķţܹ֮ҵʬΪŵķλȷģǱߣһҲҲʬߵģ˵ҵĻҪ졭
˻һҲߵȷЩԵľˣǱҲǻԵɺ϶ѡ
Ÿոҵʬһ˿˱㿪ʼ۹ͣƷͷˣҲݶģ˵䣬һԼǸҲ̫ҡûп
ʱɽ˱λѣȻѾҵʬټǾͱˣϽȥưɡ
˷׷׵ͷǣȻүӵĴ£첽ζȥ
ʱȻߵٶȴ˺ܶ࣬Ͼղһ߼㿴еķжʬķλ
ʮľ룬ҲһСʱҵĹ⾰ҵһˡ
طһ·߹ƺӵ̰Ҳûʲô̫𣬵ҵһ˵ʱϸһۣоӵ΢һЩڻƺӵĶ԰һƬӲĴɽطˮҲļࡣ
Ǳߵһǹ˷׷ӭһصĸ߲˵һ·ҵһ·ܵ˴˴ڣλҲ̽ˣطʮŨӦñʬĲ֮ڣȻӦˣȴûпʬӰӣҲ֪ôһ¶
˷׷ٴ۷׷
ǴʡصֳܾĿǰأѾȷʬķλʬƺӵĺˮ棬֪λ֮УλˮԺһЩܹȥһأ
˻һ֣˶ʱЩû˸վ
ҿôҲ˵һƬˮˮļʬĲڻƺӵ棬ǿɲǹȥô
ˮٺãܺõĹʬ
Ȼͻǲģֳܾ߸ո˵꣬һЦ˵ֻһССʬףʲôµģȻλǰûеȥǾֻСȥ̸һ̽ˡ
˵ţһ±׷꽣ͷֹ֮ͣĿתŻɫķһΣĬ˼㳯׷꽣һġ
Żֽһ䵽׷꽣ϣһȼ
׷꽣ܵ˻ֽļӳ֣Ȼһŷˡᡱһ죬ֱˮ˹ȥ
׷꽣ǹƺ֮УʱĽնһ·ֱӽˮࡣ
鵶ˮˮһȥ㽫ϻƺˮն룬¶һ·
˿¶Ưһ֣׷׷һҿֶΣ룬Ѿģ̫ţˡ
¶һ֮󣬻ЩƵĳ߿һۣ˵ô˰ɣţţȣʬҵģҵһͷȥģ
ڿһ֮һΣһƯӷ׷꽣һˮ֮ϣոȥǶĻƺˮʱٴκ£˱ҲҲӰˡ
ɽλûУɽɽ֮׷꽣˳Ծ
ƾһڳǰҫģΪЩüһﲻˣƶҲȥһơȺкܿ߳һһ˫ǽһĴۣһʮ־ͨˮԣ˵һ㡰ͨһ˻ƺ֮Уһ˻㲻ǵӰ


1619 ȥ
ǳһ˫۵ĵ䵽˹ƺ֮󣬽վ˳кûи˴Ȼһͬǻƺ֮У׷ǰȥˡ
⼸λҲǺõɫʬôöԸģ⻹ʬأҲôŶʬððʧʧƺ֮УȥʬӰ
ЩʡĵŸҲ汾µģνո˵ûмˢӣҲ
Ҫǣһ󱲶Ծƺ֮УЩǰȻҲһСˣ϶վôʡŵĸֶ档
Դȥ֮󣬺ȥλ⼸λ֮ǰҲд棬ǾʲôҲǵˣΪҲ̫һЩмʮŸ֣һһ
ʣµıûٸȥˣһѷĶȥ½ƵģʵЩ̫Źۡ
ȻԸȥǾȹȥ̽̽·Ҳãܵмȷ潫ǡ
Ǳ߸ȥûãұٴνʬ߸˳֮ҲûððʧʧĸȥЩ̫ȷطǲʬ֮
ȥʲôûУҸﻹҪѾĸȥأ
ҿûǰ㰮ͷҲǸ͡
ҽʬ߸ó߶֮󣬺ܿ죬ұӦ˴˴аš
Ϊʬ߸ձҸóûãҵ˸ҵӳյĺ˸Ƭ֮ĩ˵С㲻˸ˣֱӱ˳һƬ
˵˴̫ˣʬϣǼġ
÷ʬ߸ӲΧߵļλҲ̷׷˳һɫʮأȥŵ̵ʱ򣬷ϵָתĸһ㣬ôɲסˡ
ȻҶԷˮ֮Ǹ˽⣬Ҷ̻Ƕ֪һЩģǱġϴ֮⣬ҲãԲİϵָתרҵ˵룬ֽת룬Ǵ֮ף˵˴أ˻ǳա
ʬ̫һЩֻǼȥ»׶༪٣ҪȻҲȥưɣɽ˳
һ䣬һվ˳Щǵ˵ƶôЩΣһﻹǲҪóȻǰˣλú룬ʡɽصڴ˴˰£ӵκҲػ˺ü飬ʱص鵱бҲмΪʡڴˣûзʬټΪʲôƫƫȴ׾ٵҵʬأ
ˣ⻰ʲô˼ܲ˵һЩվһλ
ƶ˼ˣλ룬ĺпһ߼ƷʬʬʬǾ߱˼άģ˶ĸ־ۼڴˣʬ˾ڴҪǹȥʱ˶һˣڳλ˼ʮĸ֣ǵǱʬˣʬһӾͽɹ˲һĴڣ˳
˻һڣ޲һĻǾЩ̫ˣʬܹȦǽף汻ʬһˣгɲаҲָտɴ
һʱ䣬˵ı鶼Щ׷׿ϲĻƺˮöû
һмʮȫվڻƺӱϣɵ㶵ĿţЩȥǼλʲôգϣǲҪϽӳźá
ʵҲϣǻųҲϣϾû̫ĹȥǼһҲЩ̫˶ѣʵıҲ̫ʬаʱ򣬻Ǹҵһͷġ
һڰһСʱ鶼ʼޱȳ
ôʱ䶼ȥˣǾȻûгѵǡ
˶Ƿȥ룬ɻ̲ס뵽
֮һֱڰתȦЩסˣͻȻվλǸλôʱ䶼ûʲô鷳ԸϷһȥ
һ˵˶ͷȥĹղжı£ڳ˿ȥһնϻƺˮλʵҲǶûڰϵλȥҲǰװ׹ȥģ
һһʱЩɣ֮󣬼ûϣϱһߣӣϷȥưɡ
˵ţϱҪƺ֮Уʱվ˳һסϵĸ첲ϣʹˣȥưɡ


1620 ʬϳ
˻һڣڳ˶Ŀҵϣ˶û뵽ʱˣλʡĵŸֶȥûл׶༪٣ȥҲȥġ
ϵҲһ㶣Щ˵Сšһȥ֣ҿ㻹ǱȥˣϷصĸȥãʵڲУϷ˻
϶дʵǴˣΪҲرĸȥôʱ䶼ûȥҲ£ұ΢΢һЦɵ˵ϣűǣȥȥأҾĶˣҶڸֽʬҲȽ˽⣬֪Ӧǣıǣıһеġ
ǺãϷһȥϻЩĵ˵
ãĲãԼԵġٴξܾ
ҸִµʱԱһɽˣΪĪ⣬±ǲҪˣƶ⺢һȥưɡ
ʦ壬Ҳȥһվ˳η֮ɫɽƽ̵ĵǿҲǱʡصԮֵģɽƽ̵ʦܣ˴ǿʶһ´ġ
û뵽СҲô֣ȻҸһȥ
ǿɺ֣㻹ʵŰɡֱӾͷ
ʦ壬СŸҲͣȥΪʲôҲԣǿ
ɫһû뵽ǿ˵Ҳǲ̫⻤ӣƬ̲ŵȥҲУһҪʦԱ֮ڣ򲻿ɳǿ֪
ǿɫһϲʦ壬İɣһҡ
ѶϱɽĴޣȥϷͷˣȥ֮һҪСģһʲôԵĵطһϼɸԮ
˵˵ͷ±ûٶԣǿǿһۣȻŸ˵Сѣһ߰ɡ
ҵ˵ͷûüǱѾһһסǿĸ첲Ȼ˹ƺ֮С
ҿȥˣҲȥ
ƺˮһƬȥ֮󣬸оˮļܿұסΣȻҽǱˮ˳߶ȻҰУԼϵĻƺˮ˳
Ȼȥ֮ȴûп˺ǿΣǵĶͦ죬Ҳûеһ££ֻó˷ʬߣ̽ڵķλȻ߶ˮ鳯ǰٵƮ
ǰǰ˴Լʮ׵ľ룬Ҳſ˺ǿӿĺˮ֮Уȴһǳһȥģֻǻƺˮ̫ˣҲǿǵΡ
ˮˮвٿ磬ƽһ㣬ٶȻҪǿһЩ
ܿ죬ұ׷ǣһץסǿȣһ£ǿһһۣŸ˷׷ͣ
ʾ˴ڱˮУȽϰȫҲûԥֱ˱ˮ鵱С
ҿˣˮҲֻ˴档
ǿһˮ֮УʱѣűˮܿһۣСŸ磬ʲôӡ
ҲЩĿһۣüͷһҲԵЩţҴ˱СѣƶûпĻⷨӦǺԴϵĽǣܹˮУǺԱȻҲкǿĵеġ
˺һ۾Ϳ˳һֵ
ô棬СŸ磬ôöΪʲôóҸʦ嶼Ƶģٺ١ǿٺЦ
ҳһ£ٴιֵǿϵܺ˸ұܣҪˮˡ
֮˵Ҳԭģ߽ıϵֶΣһķǱֲ֪ܹ䲻⣬˽еֶζ˽ˣְ취ңͺˡ
˵˵ͷӦСѷģƶСӿ϶˵ġ
ٴлǿҲûٶʡ
̣ŷʬߣűˮǰнһξ֮ĸŨˣƺˮƺҲı࣬Ǹűˮ飬Ҳܹоɭɭĺ⡣
ǰнʮ׵ľ룬ռͻȻһխͻȻɫעˣǰܾʬϳεϵϢҪʬǵĵǡ


1621 ʬ
˵䣬ˮͻȻҵĻζ˼£ЩɿƵĳŶȥǰʲôĪƵģЩ⧲ţǱˮ˼£ҡػһ㣬ˮű㸡ˮ档
һ̣ҳܿȥʱ򣬷ǾȻƮһڶĿռ֮ڣˮȻвٻƺˮƽ˺ܶࡣ
طһɽ
һʼûƺ֮ǰȻӵĶ԰һƬɽǳűˮķҲǳŶ԰ġ
Ҳ˵ƺӵһڣŻƺӵ棬һ·ѭŨصɷ֮˳Ŷڱ˽ȻȻڻƺӵ棬ȴڲߣȻǾͳ
һ̣˱ˮ飬˷׷׳ԶԼеķ
ɽԭǺһƬеĽ걻˳֮󣬽ųɫĹâԲ֮ڵľɫܹķġ
֮У˵ΪӦߵģȽϵһ˼ϣǰ棬ܹоӽģԿȥЩš
һʼ˶û뵽ʬطʶģҲΪʬͳڻƺӵˮ£֪Ȼһɽ֮С
ˣǾûϢıҪˣǽ֮ʬ϶ǸӦǵĴڡ
ڽųɫĹâҫ֮£ǻǰȥ
һߣӻͦģԽߣռҲű
һһķǶ˹Ϊ㣬Ҳ˼
źӵɽһֱǰ˴Լʮ׵ʱͻȻ䣬±㿴˶ⶫǱģһЩ۵İ׹ǡ
Щ׹ȻĹǺȥЩͷŲȥʮ࣬˷ĩ
ΧһЩ˿УҲܿһЩط϶ΪǵǰѾ˲ȹ׹ˡ
Щ˱Ȼλ
Ѿɽˣôʱ䶼ûг֪ǲΪ̫ˣʲô⡣
˶ʮֳĬŻ˽Ųȥ
оʮӵӣܶĿ£һûУоȥĻһӶ߲ͷӡ
ѹֵЩ£ڴʱǿͻȻǷʲôһѣС˵ʦǰˡ
⻰һڣҺ˶ͣ
ֱһŻֽǰ˳ȥŻֽȼųһŻ⣬Բʮ׵ľ붼յ͸
ǻ⣬ͻȻǰʮ׵ĵطһʬ壬ЩʬԼʮߣ˵ڵϣЩʬԴûˣЩֱӱж˿顣
վûŵһѪζǺ˿첽ǰһЩʬ壬ҿЩʬϵƤɰͰ͵ģֳһīɫһȫݵƤͷ
ˣЩʬ֮ǰ϶ǽʬӦкܶͷˣҲڰ֮ϣʬɽģЩʬҲͨĽʬӵЩӦö֮ΪʬҲǶôǶѸһЩˣҶȥⲻʬı涼ʬɫ
˵˵ͷ˵С˵ļǣǼѧԨһ۱ϳЩʲô
˸˵ţͻȻһ߲ʬʬ΢΢˼£ȻȲȴҲҿ
ˣСģҴһ
Ҹպһ֣˱һεҵһࡣ
˺Ǿʬٴζһ£ɰͰ͵ſűмֻʺһļ׳˳ֱ߶
һЩ׿ǳ棬Ҷʱʧɫٴξֵغ˺󡭡Ͻ˺󣡡
ǿһ˳ʮ˽Ҳ˵ߡ
֮䣬ЩɰͰ͵ĲʬĿжźϣһȺ׿ǳһĶǵĿ˳ȻٵĳӶ
СѣЩʲôӣ𣿡ɫ
ֳӷǳֲǴ˵еĽʬ棬ֳӸҧһڣʱ֮ھͻɽʬʬʮңЩʬǿʬģȻһֱǲʬڣղʬϵʬǸͷСǶԲһҡҿٵĸǽ͵
Ƭ֮Щʬһ𣬻ĳǿٵ˹
ɫһ࣬еķǰ͵һ˦ǰһƬʱǷľĵɢ׷ɡ


1622 Ҫ
ǸеȵǣЩʬܵݺݵһйֻ֮ǳܱ˳ȥûеǰһѿŨ䡣
ţЩʬٴξ£һ𣬼߻˹
Σ˵ҲǴʧɫƺһ˽ٴ˳˼
ܿ죬ұ⽩ʬ治ʮʬŽʬıʣǱǵǹ룬ʮķʰа
ҲûжԸֽʬİ취
ǲϺ˵ͬʱһ֣ʦִǬ˱и˳Щʬķ˹ȥ
ʦϵĻ³Ԫѻ𣬿Էһа֮
ʦһ׳֮οٵı󣬽һ޺ɽһʯͷ
Ȼ󡰺䡱һʦϱſһһЩͼҪʦֵĽʬܿ챻յž죬űһ㣬Ȼ󣬶ʦֽһ죬³һԪ֮ЩӶϯ˶ȥ
ԭޱȵɽܿ챻һŻЩʬһ뱻ʦŪĻˡ
ǣǸû뵽ǣЩдĽʬͻȻһЩȻֱӷƹ˶ʦ֣ٴγϯ
£ͬʱջ˼շ䣬Ȼ˼Щʬ˹ȥ˼еǰѷ˿߱ǣһһ㣬˵ӫ⣬Ǻ«ƵģЩĽʬһԴ
ǿһǸͣȡΪֱӵİ취ͦһѳӭȥǽӦǴ˵еǽƮݣȡ׼ݣһ׽ûһֻʬܹ壬׷ױеǰѳ䡣
еǰѽŲӦǸķΪƽ̵ͽܣмˢӡ
ʣµЩʬҲٵĸˣȥʦֵʱǽЩʬճһѻҽǽŵЩʬʬҲһ⣬ɽ֮жʱƮһɽζܲš
ʰЩʬ֮󣬶ʦֻž޴ԴС˹Ƶĳϲ˼¡
ϵ˶֪һֻޣѾס
˺ǿߵĻ֮󣬻ЩĶԶһЩ
һϵ̫֮ǿˣҪ˵ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
СŸ硭ߵֻޣǿʵ
Ҹжʦ֣λҪ£һȻ׶񣬵ʮԣ˵ġҿο
ǿĺĺǿҲ󣬺ܿǰҪʦǾ޴ԴʦƺЩһŵǿæȥ
ɫһ˵Ӻ㲨˿϶ЩʬǷŷЩʬ֮󣬱ɽˣӦûЩʬ棬˵ǾӦ֪ѶˣΪλҪǰأ
ʦ壬϶ɽӵԵʣʢˣԼţģʲô˶ȻҲûнʬǼҪʬǰ԰԰ڡǿ
ұȽͬǿĹ۵㣬ӵȷǰ԰ڣܰԼı£±˲֪ţƵģҵǰʼҪ֤ǿܹⷬٶ㲻Ϊˡ
ǰ϶գСѣǾǼǰǣȥһЩԮһͬȥǰ濴˿ʼҵ
֮ǰûнҿ̫أֻһϵĺ֮ѣǿҴЩʬĹϺֶΣŷһǿߣ̬ӿ
Ҹû˿ԥ˵ˣ¶أҾûıҪˣղ˵ɽ֮п϶֣Ӻļλһֱûгпѣȥļʱܹüǣǻȥٽ˹Ǿ͵˴ѵʱ䣬ǾҪ
˵˵ͷ¶ЩЦ⣬˵СѵĶСǰԴ㣬㻹Ҫżȥ۴ΪƷϣӶ֪˶٣İɣǼǰߡ
һΣöʦǰ濪Ŷʦ׵ľ룬ںĸţʦ־һŵƣǰ·յһƬͨ͸
Ȼ͵һξ֮һֱǰĶʦֲˣŶѨһ


1623 ʬ
ʦͻȻ춯Ǳ˵ǰ
˽ٴͣźɽȥʦֵϵĻӳյľҲʮޣʮ׿ĵط㿴ˡ
˶ƽľϸȥӦǰʱ򣬻Ǿǰ쳣
һ֣һŻֽƮ˳ȥǻֽܣɽ·ӳյһƬͨܿ죬ֽƮɵ˶ʮҵĵطȻһͻȻסˡ
ڻӳ֮£ǿˣվǶڵм䣬ֱͦͦվţһ
ھЩԶǻûпԷʲôˣŪŻֽͻȻϨȥһŻҽ
мվˣǽʬɣ
Ժʶðһ뷨
ҲһˣʱǿͻȻ˵ʦ塭СŸ磬ҿ˵ӰϤ۵޺λˡ
ղǻһֽܿϨȥûпղվ˾˭ֻǾǴ·ãǵۡ
ǿ˵ʶλұ޺˭
ǿܿҽ͵ǸһλֻȥģôվӦøһ𣿡
ǿһ˵ҺܿʱǵһƺģȻһһ˫۵ĵָȥλһĸ˻ƺ֮С
ղǿ˵޺λ˱ȥλ
˺Ҳûпתͷǿȷղ޺ˣ
֣صһʣǿЩȷԴ˵ҸղֻǿЩ񣬵Ҳ̫ȷҾһǡ
˵ţǿǰһֱӳɽʦ塭ʦ壬𣿡
һɤӺȥڿտɽ֮лصϢȻ˺һû˻Ӧ
¶ЩˣΪʲôһӦûУһվװŪŻ
˳Ƭ̣ұк˶ʦһ÷Ÿղվ˿ʦִͷϵȼʬ֣һʱҲκβ˶ʦ֣ڶʦֵĺ棬׼ʱӦ
ʦҲЩ䱸߶Ĳ죬ŶʦֲǰнܿǱ㿴˲ԶվŵˣϿȷλĴ磬ֱŷֱվһ
ŶʦϵĻ⣬ҿķλȷǸλֻ̫ˣǲûؿڻ΢΢ֻվﲻԴţڸʲô
˶Щ̫Ծˣǿٴǰһŵʵʦ塭ʦ壬𣿡
ûлӦʱվǰĶʦЩͷˣֱӳλͷһƺ
һɤӺȥλ΢΢һϵĹǽڷˡǡ죬ǲ̧ʱ򣬸˵ĸоǿҪϵһ㡣
ǿλģʱ򣬲ɵöһȥ̫ˡ
λѪؿҲѪһƬҪǣѾʬ䣬ŷҲ˳ָס
ܿ죬ұԵɣλпǱǽʬҧˣʱһ㷢ʬ䣬ֻһʱֱ治λʬҧ֮ǱʲôĽʬ
ܿҾ֪Ǳʲô
Ǹ֮󣬺﷢һ죬ţһΣֱһԾһ¾ʸ˶֮ϡ
ʬѿڶ
ʬʲôʬǿһλ˶ϣæ˷ǰһ䡣
ֻĻй͡
ԣλ˱ʬҧ֮ѾʧȥʶҲ֮ܳΪˣϾͻǷ
ʬҪѰĽʬٶȿ죬֮Գ֮ΪʬΪǵĵˣ¸˵һһԾ֮±кü׸ߣֱӾԽʦ֣ɱ
ңǵһҲӲڽʬĿ֮£ҲЩǰΪ
һ˽ʬǾѾɢȥ϶ǾȲˡ
ʬһʼûйǣڻһʸڶϣӻڻƶĿǡ
˿һۣɵ̾Ϣһ޺ڴʡҲŵû뵽Ȼ˴˴ǿϧ


1624 ȫʬ
˻δ䣬ʸڶϵʬһԾ£ֱҺ˹ʬҧ޺˻ǰΪλǴʡŵŵĸ֣ΪȻҲǲ
ʬ֣ʦֻЩԥ֪׸òö֣ʦȻСһʱ˵ǻǵ˻ѡ
ܿ죬еķ㷢һ죬˴˹ȥ
ǿһ֣˴
ڶֵʱһ߲һ߸Ǵ˵СѣҲλѵʬȫʬ
ҲֵͦģλѾ˽ʬǵʬ壬ǰ̫ʢˣһҶǶѪɵĳ棬ܹȫʬġ
λǰǴʡĵŸ֣ȻǺϤҲ²ȥ֡
ţ˱ʬһš
һƴҲŷ֣භǸ˻ʬʮֵǿΪͲټӵʬԣٶҲ˼֣ؼɽʬ֮󣬻ʹ÷ǽʩչʮ
벻ͨĸαǽʬֵġ
ҺǿһǱʬ˹˶ʮжûн£Ҫǲܷźλ壬ЩܵˣԶ콣Ļ˵ÿ¡
ֹ˼֮ͻȻ˳ֻǿһڸʬǿǽĺܲûҵԮ֣ʱ˱ƵˣۿžҪ֧Ųסˡ
СŸ硭һ˰ǿüЩĽ˵
ȥ֮󲢲Ϊӱܣǽéɽ˳Ȼ߶ὫéɽζҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫͨéɽסǰʬ
Ҫ˵ʬĵвߣӵеĸߵжֽʬĻӦñ֮Ϊʬǵһȵ֮ǰ֮ΪʬǳɾʬʬͲʬ
ֻҪвرߵĽʬеéɽ嶼ܹ׾ٵĿסǡ
éɽһó㱻һΣȻ󷢳ˡ塱нĴ졣
éɽ屻Ҵ߶ĞųĪķԭʮѸݵʬԵһƺĳٻࡣ
ٴλζ˼£ܵéɽӰ죬ʬܿӿʼŤžҵһ㡣
ʬéɽסʱ˺ǿֱʬ޺˵ϡ
ʬһϣǶλǳ׵Ķˡ
ܿ죬ҿ첽ǰó˷ʬߣֱŽλĿУŷʬĩ˵Сϵ˸λϵʬ˳˵ʬȻ£׵ûϢ
λ֮󣬽ұ㿴Ǻͷӿֱ˼ʬ棬˵ֱӳǷ˹ССĽʬҲ˷ֱ÷֧飬׷ɥ
׾ٵʬ˺ǿľѡ
ֲϸҪ³ؽйǸʬҵıµ鴫ʬɵı㱻ˡ˴͵
ֶΣԸʬһЩŵġ΢΢Ц
˵˵ͷһ۵ŵλˣ̾ϢһλѸƶҲЩ飬ǰջһڳԾƣתۼɽ֮Уƶûϵ
˵գһ֣λ۾ˣܿվ˵Ӻ㲨ѾɽĸǾҪλѵʬǻʱٽǸ߰ɡ
ڴ£ҺǿȻûʲôֻвЩͻͻ
⻹ûмʬʲôôıʣһʬ֪Ǹʲôӡ
£˷׷ٴοһλڶʦֵĴ֮£ǰ첽˹ȥ
ɽûоͷһ·˴Լ·ľ֮ԼкԶ˴򶷵졣
ʦ壬СŸ硭ǿ϶ţǱд򶷵졣ǿЩ˵
Һ˵˵ͷұߴŶʦֳǰ첽ȥʦѾӾܣҲӿ˽Ų
ǰ˼ףܿǾͿһֲĳǰ漸ʮ׵ĵطΧһȺʬҴɨһۣЩʬָĶУвʬʬëʬëʬʬֱǽʬڿһ֡


1625 ʬھ
ЩʬһƬڳмķ£һ֮ж˵ͳƺ֮ųʮַ
ȺʬмλãڸЩʬѪƴһĽݺᣬ߽ʬķ˳ȥЩʬֱӾͱն룬Ȼ䣬ҿǰ׷꽣ԾȻ˰֮УâʢһǰƵЩʬϵĺˡ
ɽɽ֮һһţķɽѷɽҲ˵Ҿܹҵġ
طĽʬҲ̫һЩ˵Ҳмپߣƶʬ̡
̰ð㲨һ𣬶ɽ֮С
ִ򷨴ȥǶ˼㲻ǱЩʬҧҲҪ
˿ôĽʬɵȫһ
ǿЩ˵ʦ塭СŸ硭ǽô죿ҪȥĻҲпܱЩʬΧסǵĻ
۾һۣ˿϶ҪȵģһɱһѪ·һڣӳȻһһȥɽ̫鷳ƾǼˣԸʬҪȥһ취С
˵ţ˱˷ƾҪǰȥ
Ҵʱһס˵ĸ첲С˵ˣȥ͸ǿֵ˵һ㣬ȥ϶ᱻΧģпһҲӲ취ɱȥ
һ£Сѣʲô취
ҿкܶԸʬֶΣǾٸ¶һ֡
˵ţһεĽéɽ˳أ˼дʣȻζéɽ塣
éɽһöҲΧĶʮ߽ʬܿͣ˷ĽأԶЩͣĽʬϿٵķ˱仯ëʬ˺ëʬë˺ëʬкëʬ߰˸ëʬƵжʮߡ
ЩéɽסĽʬ̱㵹򣬳һȺʬ˹ȥȥһٿҧ
һЩëʬ˺ëʬһ߰˸Լһ
Ϊ˲ٳǰéɽƽʬʱҲֻľʬɺëʬˣ߰˾ߺëʬһƬʬȺУҲʮĴڡ
ЩұǿĽʬʱһڣþĸӻҡ
˺ǿΣɵٴξĿɿڴǿ˷ܵСŸ磬̫ˣеĻҪֲôǺֶΰ
ֶ˾þްҲ̾һܿ˵߰ɣ߼˲ѹкܴϣǸȳġ
˵գһȣһα㳯ŽʬȺȥǿ
һ֮󣬽éɽűٰ˲ֶΣŽʬȺȥұȥͬʱʦҲ첽ǰſԪ֮ȥЩʬ
Ľʬ̫ܼˣҲ֪㲨ôģ֪ôջǰ塣
ֻ˵ͷٰ˲ֶΣͲƬ̵ͣЪ˳ǽʬ뽩ʬ֮ķ϶Һܿмλãű㿴㲨ˡ
˶ҵĺܣȫѪ߰ߣһ㲨мصƣһֱѪֹ
ȻҲòȥһĵ۶Ūؤװ˷һ㲻ϵıŸ־ٿǰѷɽ
ұ˺ǿȼ˳Уյʱһ£ȥ˭ȥأ
ܿ죬ұ˾ϣȾ㲨˰ɣҶСʵǲôһʱҲˣѾĲͦǿ
£ұ㳯㲨ȥҪȥץֱһæýȥҵֶЩ鷳
㲨˻ǱżߵľԵġ
ٴζ֣ұ˵㲨ˣңǳȥģ
㲨ڰæ֮лͷһۣǱˣ־ϲڼȵľ֮¿ϣһ㣬ȻʵҲȷˡ
ſ˵ұһסĸ첲е˵ߣ۾
һ̣㲨˱㶯ٰ˲ֶΣѰŽʬ֮Ŀ϶һ߰˸ٰ˲ֶΣſ
һţ㲨˱㳤һһֱӵ˵ϣ˶ʱܹôʱ䣬㲨˶Ѿˡ
ӣ㲨˾ͳŲסˡ


1626 Ž̧
㲨ӣҺܿǬ˱ֹѪҩͻָҩݸæ˵㲨ˣֹѪҩͻָҩ裬ǺҶѦҵҩˣȥӸȳ
㲨˽ӹҩĸм˵СȡҪȻƶ϶ˡлƶպ󱨴𡭡
ˡ֮ͶѣҵȺƬ̣ȥȥء˵ţŽתսȦ֮ٴα˹ȥ
֮ǰéɽסЩëʬͺëʬ˺ܴãǵסΪǿĹҴ㲨ӳʱ򣬱һЩʬҲ׷˹󲿷ֶéɽסĽʬסˡ
ǣһֽʬΧɱ˹
ַֽ꣬ʬߣһ·ֱײ˵ЩʬûеȼܸߵģһЩڷʬߵ֮£ûһ֮УһʬУǽʬֱӾͷ˳ȥڣʬй
ǱУЩͨĽʬҲܱŷڵء
һ·ɱ֮У˳ٰ˲ܿٴɱΧ֮Уɱȥʱ򣬷˻ǿȫڷɱ
ڻǣǿߣһɱȥұ㳯˴һ
˵Ŀ׷׳ҿǵõҲҿһۣЩһ仰ûлֻ˵ͷе׷꽣
ʮ⣬ݲö˵
£ֱ˾ϣ˵ǿ뿪Ǹڻӳȥ֮󲻱ֱͣӴ㲨뿪á
ãҪһߣһɱȥ˵ˣͻȻһе׷꽣Ʈɶ𣬞ųݣȻҾ;ǰһӰһ¾ͱǰҲ׷꽣һۻңҼʩչС䣬ɽĶžѧʮǿұǲһһиˡ
ΪĿұ죬ҲռС
ֶһʩչǰЩʬʱһƬܶཀྵʬҲķѣҿһۣжʮ߽ʬ˵ϡ
ȻһսȻַһУžˡ
Ľʬмپߣһ˼ʮȻ٣Ҳ𲻵̫á
NɪˣӲӶʼˣڲϻе׷꽣
˸ɷ˵ֱӸǿʹһɫǿһסĸ첲㳯ǰͻΧҺֱɱһѪ·˳ȥ
ǱߣֹͨЩéɽƵĺëʬͺëʬڻжʦֻ졣
һŬ֮£ľٴγ忪һѪ·ǿЩ̫Ըһ·˳ȥ
Ϊܹǿ뿪һĸһӣѪ˳ԴЩʬע
ʬ㶼һԣǱŲѪζһŵѪζӵ
ѪζһƮɢЩʬ׷ǿȫҺ߶
үģⱲӵһαôཀྵʬΧǹ̼ġ
ΧĴ٣ʬǵһΡ
һôཀྵʬ˷һҺ˶Щš
Һܿ˷Ӧһץס˵ĸ첲ˣҴȥ
ãˬӦһץסĸ첲
ţҺ˽żͬʱ棬һԾ𣬳ȺʬԴȥһΣҴ߶ٰ˲˲ЩʬԴŶڵķٵȥ
Ҵ;ʱȻ䣬һֲʬХŵҽŲЩȣҲǻһ
ǻͷȥʱ򣬷ɽľͷͻȻһڴײģоžߵв͵Ľʬ̧ţڿٵĳ߶
Ž̧ףʬ֡
ȥ϶ֳ쾪ʬǸϣǿ϶Ҫ
£Ҳ˲ôˣеתٰ˲ʩչһ뿪
գۼĹҴ˱˳ȥʬȺʮ׵ľ룬ҺٴλͷȥƵʱ򣬵һźɫŨɷ֮
éɽסЩëʬͺëʬڱЩմȾ֮󣬷׷׵˵ϣֿһµûС
֪ʬǿ󣬵û뵽ô
ҺƬ̣źɫɷ߹Ũҵ˵
ܣҴһתͷӡ


1627 ɽ
ȻҲܸоʬʮǿֻ·һ
˵ʬˣ⼸پ߸ָĽʬΧ£ҲԲ
£Һ˶˼򣬻Ųմأһ·ǰɱ
ʦҲӿĽŲ׷Ǿͱ˹
ɽǶûߵͷһȺʬٶҪ뿪ɽҲҪһʱ䡣
һ·۶£ܿǾ׷ǡ
ҲΪǿˣһֻһֻŸոЩָһЩ㲨ˣĵǰܡ
ŨɷȻԽԽˡ
ʱ㲨ǵĺȣЩһһȫҪ
£ұ㿴һĶʦ֣Ͻǿ죬ϻ޵ĺ󱳣
ǿɵ㶵ĻͷһۻðĶʦ֣һȻЩԽܣʦڵĿǴһһȥճһѻҽǿ϶ôġ
£ҲûʱˣһѾͳĿ߲ӣ䶪˶ʦֵĺϣֽ㲨˸˦ȥ
ԣʦ֮ͷܴȻԽɡ
ǿ㲨ڶʦֵĺʲô¶ûУӱҲæȥ
⼸˵УǿΪ࣬ӵȻûҺ˿졣
˶˶ʦֵĺ֮ͷһأֻŵͷ񱼡
ǲӵĺɫɷ֮⣬ʬ죬Լǿд˻֮űʮֵˡ
ӵٶѾܿˣ߾Ǻķ졣
оһ·񱼶ԼжʮӵʱͻȻһסҵСѣͣһ£Ǵ޺λѵʬ塭
ʱˣ˻ûʬ壬塣
Ҳգףͷ͵ӦһһѾͽһʬ˺ϣǱҲһʬ˺֮ϡ
̫ңҶûпҺϱһλ˵ʬ
˵Ϊ㾳磬ϱһһټʮ˲жأϸû࣬ҲӰǵٶȡ
㱳ʬ壬ǼӣĵޱȵĻ̿֡
һξ룬ͻȻоЩԾ̧ͷʱһͷ֮ϵɽϣȻкüʬ׷
ʬֽʬر𣬵ûжߣٶȴܿ죬èһ㡣
һ£˵ߣҷŸУѹһЩʬǲס鷳ġ
ɫһ࣬ûжԣֻĿһۣ˵СһЩ
ӦһŲΪ֮һ١
ͣͬʱѾǬ˱ｫͭǮ˳
ͷһףǱͭǮܿˡ
еķ϶Ϊ˿ƽʬ׼ģͭǮҲԽʬżĿá
ͭǮɼʮöͭǮɵġ
ЩͭǮȫǮʮ־ԶͭǮ϶Żʵ۵ţ˲֪˵֣մȾ˺ܶ˵ʬ֮ηı֮
ͭǮʱɢ˼ʮöͭǮգۼĹǧͭǮЩ׷ǶĽʬܼɢȥ
ͷϵЩʬʱ÷ʬҿһȫķ˳ȥ
Щʬ޺˻ʬ̫Զˡ
Ҫλ˸ãϻǰĵڡ
ͭǮһǿĹȥ֪˶ٽʬǹĺɫɷҲΪ֮һ٣ʵҸղžһţֻǵʱǽʬȺԼˣ˼޹һֱûãڿǴס˻ᡣ
Ҳ֪˶ٸʬɲҵ飬һͭǮתٴȥ
ôƬ̵Ĺ˺ǿѾûӰˡ
ҧ񱼣һʮӣڵɽľͷȵһǿڣ޺˵ʬҲڡ
ǿأʵ
λ˵ʬȥˣ㣬Ͻñˮȥƶ󡣡˵
Ӧһˮ鳯ˮһףܿһ״ĶƯˮ
㲨һ㶣ûм㷨
ˮ֮һ֣ʦָٻ˹ԴһʦֺܿСΣҷŽǬ˱
λɣʱ䲻ˡʾǽˮС
ٷ룬ҲˣƲ㲨˱˱ˮУҲ˽ȥ
ʱһӱˮвӰ


1628 ʬ
㲨˶˱ˮ֮˺ܿҲˮС
һͷȥʱ򣬷Ѿһźɫɷ⻹мٶʬɱ
ʱܣʱ
æ˱ˮУ߶ǱˮˮУһǱˮ£űǼͨͨ죬мʬˮУ߿ٵ˹
ˮˮƽأЩʬȻ׷ϵġ
Ҵ߶űˮٶǰڱˮе˶һԴģ׷˷ҽ֮ɫâԿЩʬһٵĳ׷󣬻ϵнʬˮУ½һ㡣
㿴ҲŵɫһҲ˵֪仹ǲĶ
ʬĺܺöԸĻٷҲڶôصĸ־£ʡŶĸҲ׷׻ڴˡ
ˮûãűˮһӳɽϲϢĻƺ֮УԼУҿһֱǵٶȻȲˮ飬Ҳ
ҽˮ߶˼£һֱŰߵķٵĴ߶
һ֮ڽӽ˰ߣΪ˲˶֪бˮôһڵ˰ˮµʱұ㽫ˮ˲䱻ĻƺˮһֻһˣֱӽǸ׵˰ߡ
֮ǰǿѾ޺λ˵ʬ˰ߵԴҽ˶ȥ֮󣬺ܿ˹Ӧ˳ҲһѸȥ
Ҹһϰ㳯ɨһۣʱǾһ
ҵĸԹԣ֪ʲôʱڰվһȺؾǹһȫ׼˺棬ˣЩʡŵĸֺصҲ˷ֱĿź棬˵Żֽʱ׼źȥ
Сšڻˡ̫ˡһץסҵĸ첲˵
Щ鷳ʬȷ档ҳ
أôûиһ
ϵ仰û˵꣬Ͻŷˡͨһ죬˱㸡ˮ棬һ𸡳ˮĻкüʬֱס˵ĸ첲ߴȡ
һ㾰˶ʱæҿһλеķһһ±ס˵һֱۣŰ
ʱһֽǱߴ˹ȥȫ˲ס˵ЩʬϣЩǴʡűȽĸ֣ǻֽǷһЩʬϣЩʬ㷢ҺſˣˮС
òף˱˺棬ʮǱ
Ȼ˴ϢǰϻƺˮͻȻ˿ֲĳһ߾߽ʬӺƯ˹ӿ
ЩʬһƬһֱڲϵӣͷƤ顣
ϿһĻһָ֣ǰߵؾ𣡡
һĻˣӵźˮкȥЩؾź涪ףŪһƬڡ
ЩؾǹӵӦöƵģմȾ˺ڹѪЩʬʮЧһ߾߽ʬֱӾͳ˺ӵ֮С
ͬʱϵЩŸֺصҲǸ㷨ϣЩʬγ˺ܴѹơ
˶ЩֶһϣЩʬ㲻ðͷҲûƯںϵĽʬǱĽʬҲȫ˺ӵףΪʬ쳣أ޷ó֮
һ󣬻ƺˮָܿģϲ
վڰϵ˲ûƬ̵иٴһվںӰ¹ơ
˵Ŀⶼź棬ҲҴϢ
û˷ϵˮ֮һƬס
Ƭ֮ǻƺˮͻȻֵ춯ӺӵͻȻðһ޴ݣཹཱུķֵ졣
ȻںĵλͻȻγһ޴УܵĺˮҲɫѪһʺ졣
㾰˲ϵ
ʬ϶ʬҪˡ˾
ʬĿֲĵضģһ˵ʬҪ˲˼
Ƭ̣Ǿ޴йƽϢȻ󻺻ġĴӺƮһھ޴ĹײģײȻʲôˣ۹ײĵΧڣһĪǿš
һʼǾ޴Ĺײֻ¶˸ӣײıƯ˳ں治ҷǹײĵ棬кܶɿݵоš


1629 ǽħ
Ž̧ף֮ǰ㾰ǼģʱЩԶĽһһĪ𺳡
˵ƺ֮Ưһ߹ף˳£ʵײĲƯŵģоžߵкܸߵĽʬǹײĶС
ֻ룬⾰й˵ġ
ɽʱ̫ţǸо̧Źײľž߽ʬͣǾǸʲôƷֵĽʬҲû
ʬųǹġ
һˣΪУţȣǿ϶ҲӲ³ôһ¶ˡ
ǹײľƯڻƺ֮ϣϻƺˮϵĳˢƯں֮һڸʾ
ڳڿھ޴Ĺײĵʱȫɵˡ
ʵײĲˣֻǴǹײɢɭɭϢ˴ĵеһ񺮡
ҴϢʱ򣬵ʡصֵܾǸĴ쵼ͻȻһ֣𣡡
һ£ǹ뷢סͲһͬǾ޴Ĺײĺ˹ȥ
ա¡¡ľ˷ǰĻƺˮĴɽ󲿷ֵӵͻǿھ޴Ĺײ֮ϡ
Щӵڹײϵʱ򣬱ŷһӡ
ȻȴҲ֪ǹײʲôɵģܼӵ棬Ҳ޷ֺǹӲͣһйƽ֮ǿھ޴ʯͷײɰĴˮС
һ֣ٴλ˵ϻһֵʱֻǻûüٿȻ䣬ǻƺˮأԷͻȻһѪɫľ˴ӻƺ﷭ڶ𣬳ŰϵĴ˹
ͷʱŵ˻֮һŨŨѪȸ֮±оȻһܣ
ںһɤ֮ҽٰ˲뿪˰ߣ˻ĵ˰ߣʮԶľ룬д󲿷صʹʡŵĸֶܼʱĶ㿪ЩؾٶȻǷӦ˰ģЩûжʱģʱǹѪĵϡ
Ҹղ֮˼ʱ㿪ΪѪ֮ǺʮʬģֻƾζҲֱܹǱϴеļؿ϶ġ
ǺǿʬѪ˸еˣһȫҽŷ˵ϣűɢһɴ̱ȳĸζ
Щȵļʱǻлϣʬʬɱʮǿ
Щ˵ڵϣҲѪ˴ӻƺ֮зĻҹȥʩȡ
ڴʱͻȻһλѣǽħҪʬף
νǽħǵΪһ󣬻ÿŵӶҪеķȻͨҲǲҪⷨҪ֮ܶϲܷӳΪǿó
һк֮£Ըʬ
£һȺأ԰ڿ˷ŻƺӰ״ã˽̤˷ǣ֮صЩҲС
λⷨһĞųȻƺӵľ˷ĻҪ̫ǿˣЩںһԶΪĸ۳

һС
ܿ߹ģޱߵŲӿȵĻƺ֮ע룬ͷͻȻС˺ܶࡣ
ڴʱ˼շ䣬ϣҵǰ˳ƾͽʬ߸˳Ű߱˹ȥȻٰ˲ֶνЩѪУʬһӰ˹
Ƿʬǵǽʬȡ˳
ǺʬѪеʮٶȻܿˣϧǣûоȻǵʱʬ嶼ѾõĲӣһ֮£һ鸯
Щӿʬ߾ȻˣҲõ˰̣βˡ
ʮ˶֮ҵĵЩ󣬱ڰߴϢ
Ǳصҽʦơ
ЪϢʱٴγǻɫ׿ȥǽħȻãӻƺĳѪѾƽϢ
ֹһ֮Ǿ޴ĹײĻĳ˺ӵףˮ֮ٴγһУʬסǽħѹ۷˻ȥ
ǻƺ»ָƽȫһ
ʱǴʡصľֳߵҵǰ˵ϵܣζˣҪȻЩ˶Ҫ
ҿһ˰֣˵ûˡ
ȴ룬үģЩص˻УȥƴʱЩԮȥͷصûһģ͵ڰǹɨˡ


1630 Ȧ
˵ʵڵģҪ˵ԴʡصûһԹԣǲܵģ˵飬ԮǰŴʬģصǣղƺ֮еģȫЩԮصһ˶ûУڻҪһһЩҲ
ڣʬѾ˺֮´˻ȥԶԶûֻ꣬ˣǵĿҪʬкóһ·Ҫߡ
һͣҲһղŶǽħҲͦģΧƺӱϣ˱أԴϢ
һҵԺһ飬Ϊʲôص˰£εһѰңʼնûҵʬڣһʬ׾ٵĸҵˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҸопܾһȦףʬǲһȦףǹ⽫ԼϢй¶ȥģȻǽȥý˸һ򾡡
ʬֽʬǽڰ뽩ʬ״̬Ϊַʽһֱ˻ǣڶǺѪ
ЩһΪʬɱˣЩ˵ĻǶᱻɣѪҲҪɾʱʬĵбͻȻǡ
Ҳ˵ǹй¶Լвأǹȥġ
ҿǷ֮󣬲ûһѷȫȥҪȻȻʮ⣬˵ȫûɣҲҪ˴Ƭ
ʱͻȻǰһҵ˼̧ͷһǱҾȳ㲨ˡ
㲨ֱӶұһ˫ֶ˵档
һǰĴܹܵ𣬵æһסӣ㲨ˣҿɲܣⲻС𣿡
㲨˱𣬱ϹϾ˵ղƶûüлƶҽһƶǴʡʯɽƽ̣㲨лСȣݴƶˣԺСõƶʱ򣬸ϧ
ˡˣղҲǾ֮ͶѣΪ˳ȥаʬη׵壬ĺţκһʩԮֵġҿ
ⲻһʱʮգ˽ȥпҲȻСȴϧҵСѵʱȥһƶ㲻ˣΣСƶһݡ㲨ٴιֵ
æ񣬸㲨˿˼䣬ͨĽ̸֪㲨һʼҲЩƲңΪ˵ǳҼүӵͷϷˣģҴʬҵı¡
ʵЩŸֵУ϶㲨һ㣬в뷨⼸ͷ󣬵Ǻܶ˶ҵֶΣΪǴģֻǵǰչֳԼʵ֮󣬲ŷ
㲨ּ򵥵˼䣬ҸǣȻص˴ȥˡ
Ƭ֮һҵǰ˲Ǳˣɽƽ֮°Ŀ˵ļһҵǰЩҴ⡣
ߵҵǰЩûңҾЩ̫˼ɡ
ҵлȴò¼ӣԥ˺һŵҵǰһ֣ǵ˼ֵղšл˰
΢΢һЦС˵лֻǲף֮Ͱˡ
룬׵ĻǲȵβƵģʱЩɫЩõ˵ôǾҲ㣿ɵľܽҾȳҲһǰɣ
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣεҡͷˣ֮лҾһҲǾȣҲǾȡ
üһʱˣƲŴNɪҲ㣬ҪǲĻǸԼһܣȸߵͳ
ãҾͲôСӾǸ񾭲ǸըҩһţҲ֪ľ仰ˣˡ
ҲŲƢʱҲ˵ӣҾһ㲻ллҲˣҲǿ󣬿ңѾǲǽҩˣ
۾һɣҪŭǷ˵Ŀȫ߿ŭһ¾ȥ
ȥ˶ģС룬һ͸ľܣô˵ȥǺСһ˦֣һֱ뿪˴˴
֮󣬽кܶ˹ңύģ˻ǿ˵Ϊ׽ġ


1631 зȨ
æ˴ޣɫ֪Ҳƣ
طһصĸֻһؾأ˱㱻ŵǸŵĴȥЪϢˡ
ڻȥ֮ǰǴʡصľֳߴʱҪ飬ôԸʬ飬˱˸лǸ֮顣
Щٷ׻ͷ
Щˣ˵꣬ұλƵĻص˴һصİԱĴ֮£ҵһ񷿣ÿԻָһ
Ҳ֪еʲôʱұоҲȫָʱ򣬱ţ˵緹ˣҹȥԡ
ҲĹǺӦһ㱻Ǹص˴֮ǰԷĵطˣֻص˿ȥһЩ֪ȥǴʡصֵܾҲ
ϻڣһұ㳯֣ʾҹȥ
һв˸ҴкҲָ˺ѣڼ䣬ҵĿ⳯Ǳ߿һۣСͷҲ֪ʲôСǼΪķͷƲ֡
˵ʵڵģͷҸ֮ǰķͷ̫ˣҲûа취˲ȥˡ
ٷԵĺִܲ٣ڼԷʱҲûеһʱǰ֣ԵЩƣ֮ǰһﶼ˽ʬͣÿһͷѹһɽ϶أ˭Ҳ֪һ˭ʬС
ʵ˵ЩˣصԮҪ˳ҲţǴһﶼǽͷҪΪ¶;ϣѣʵûеطˣ˵ȥԺڽҲЦ
˻һһƤصľ棬Ҳû˻˵Ҫ뿪
򵥵ĳ԰˷ص˹ǹȥҸãҲǰڷŴﱻʬЩ˵ĵط
˿Ժڷ˺ܶӴӣʱһϯ̨صļ쵼ǰ棬ķǳʽȷпģ
˵ط£ұǰš
˶֮ǴʡصĴ쵼ɿ˼᳡ʱѻȸ˵ǵ쵼ģһڡ
ֱλҾͲ˵ˣʬжôߵĵУλҲʶˣλǴʡŵĶǿߣдӹһ֣콫һһ𣬾ֻһĿģǱǴһһ飬γаʬʬһղⷽԲ֮ڵİձһհʬǴʡ㶪ˣڴһԸ㼺óõһ취аʬ
һ䣬᳡۷׷һƬӡ
һﶼǽˣûйٷôأܿӶվ˵Լе뷨
˵ҪɸĸֳʡĵŸȻ٣Ϊģɽƽ˱ûйֻʦˣͽǿ˹õĺܶࡣ
˵ȻҵʬϳֱɲӹһƬɽͷȥʬֱɽ£㲻ʲô۶ˡ
Ӵʲô˶УʲôҲΪ֡
ֻЩ˵ⶼЩ̫׵ȷطΪ̫ûУɽƽ˼ˣҲֻǱǿһߣڳʬҲ̫ã˵˴ʱڱչأûʱ顣
ըɽ͸ˣǵóը׼˻˵Ҫը׼ʬӱĵطˣȻ
⶯ֵҲ̫һЩȻܶյĿֻš
ֱӴŴʬϳһͨɱ
֮˵ɶĶУһֱĬĬţһʡ
˵˵ţ˳óһʧء
գӣҲվʾһﶼ
ʱͻȻ˵λϷһԣշʬ飬Ϸи飬С
еŻͦߵģһ˵˱㰲׷׿
ͻȻߵңɫҪ˵ڸֽʬаΪ˽ģڳ˶ʬҵĺˣǼϱʬеģڸʬΪ˽ⲻղȥʬϳҲʶҺֶΣҪڹؼʱͦ㲨˺ӵ˿¶Ҫɽ֮УϷãζԸʬ飬ҵзȨվ˵˵


1632 
һɵ㶵λʡĵŸۣζԸаʬ
ͻȻվҸˣ˵˵ôʰһ
ʱһ±Ƶģ֮ǰкûҴ򣬵ȷЩֲ
һ˵еٴ۷׷۵ֶǺܶ˶ʶģȥʬϳˣȥƺӰ߽ЩѪˮʬе˾ȻҲĿãǵ飬⻹ҪֶΡ
Ϊһĺ󱲣Ҳܹõ˵ŷ
ȻᵽңҲӳվڳ˹֣˵λʡĽǰΪһ󱲣λǰ棬Ӧ̣ԣǼȻүӽҸ˳Ҳֻöλǰǰ׳ˡ
ҵĺеӽʬĳѨ㲨˺Ӿȳ˵С汾£Щϼһﶼ˵ǣȺ֮վһλӵĵߵ
ǰǰҵĶ⼸ڽϸķˮ˵ǰʱ仹ȥһ˶ǣǺˮʥ̵³ɱˣԭģԭӻǾ汾µġ
ʱٴҸɿ֮󣬻᳡ٴαྲ
ţұλǰͶ˵˵ҪԸаʬİ취ֻǲ֪ܲеͨʱǡ
ҺϽ˵˵ɣһɶء˵
΢΢һЦɫ˵ʵҪԸʬܼ򵥣Ǿǽʬϳϰλǰа֮һﶼ˽⣬ҿ϶Ҳ֪ˮʬǴ׵а֮ǴˮУȻܹӵ쾡£ǾԵЩˣҪֻܽʬŪϰˮ򣬵ʱһȺ֮ʬذܣ
ڲԶͻȻЦһվ˵˵ĵɣʬĹôðĻһҲôԽˡ
ϵ֮бȻôʣҲ˶Բߣ΢΢һЦ˵˵ĲҪ뽫ʬϰȷǲףҲǲܰ쵽飬ҪȻڵˣҲᱻʬһɶ
һ£ҽֵҪʬҪץס㣬֮Գ񣬾Ҫɻ˵ĻǺѪǲͲһ֣͡
Ҷɣܲ˵һЩʱʵ
ҵ˼ǣһӣôﶼסͨˣɱһЩ֮ģڴһЩʬֶŲѪȣһоΧлڣһôŨѪζ϶ᱻʱλǰԲһǽħķ󣬵ʬһ֣÷סȻȺ֮һʬ㲻ʲô̫ѵˡɫ
ð
СӵԹϺʹǸʬҵĺˣԸʬȻһס
ʵ취һǸѧģɾϲУûʰǵĶ֣÷ܼ
Ҳ뵽õİ취ˣҲΪ֮Чİ취
˶Դ˶޲ڣȻӺܿ˲ͬЩ˵˵ĵɣȻһӵĻ˵նһ̬Ʋסʬȫɱˣе𣿡
ӣʬˣλʡĵŸֶǰ費ɣɱʬ϶Ҳסʬһʱ䣬ᣬصȫԽЩ˸ӣ֪㻹ʲôûУɫ
죬ҲҲʲôˡ
£Ǵʡֵܾ쵼һİ壬ϲɫϵܵⲻǾֱһ°ɣͬⲼ÷ʬľ֡
һ䣬˷׷׾֣ҲЩ˲ͬ۵㣬λӣٷ֮ʮϵĻͶ޳Ʊġ
ˣö
ص㽫ԸȥһУĿǰҪıһﲼʬоһЩٷԱװɴĴҲʲô̫ѵ顣
֮⣬ЩʡŵĸֻҪһڴΧòʲô󣬵ʱſסǾʬ
ʵⲢһ򵥵ĻƣʬļܸߣѾʶ϶ûл˴ˣǳҪһҪסκϢҪʬǵĴڲС


1633 
ȷ֮˱ͷж
صһЩ侯ضפʬûĵطʱ۲Ķ
صĸ߲ϵ˽פСҺһִʡĸŲʲô
һжڰͰĽţܲʬҲڴһˡ
ҵļƻȽȫһжʮֵ׵ǰ㣬Ӧòʲôء
ִһ죬פڻƺӱϵѾ˺üʬͻȻͰ⼸ûֳʲô۶ӳ
ڵڶʱص˾ʹʮˣЩ˶ͨˣҲصԱЩ˲УֻһЩصְԱ
ͨϰǿ϶ǲеģһʲôأ˭ҲΡ
Ȼ˶ˣһݣڽϱ㲼·аʬ
һۣһҲ˵ײʲôħ󣬸ǽħһֲķ󣬲ҪһЩⷨҪǰãЧá
ҲһҪЭܷӳǿķ
һǣɣ˷ɹͬʱʹǴ֮ͬӳ֣ʬ崦ӣɥ
һڵʱ˱㽫صļͰţѪڴӵɵһ·ѪζӵŨԴʬ
ҵƶϣʬûʱ䲻̫磬ҲҪȵҹʱûʱأжߣǸʱ˻ǣѪתɵʱѡ
һΪҪԭ򣬱ʬ϶֪ҪȻѡһʱû
˵أаУһ㲻׳ˣĿŵ
һаﱻ˷֣ȻܵߵΧ¹ţȣնһ
ҸоʬҲûа취ˣʱ˵Ľˣ߰ʮǰƺӾĳ֣˿νǲÿƺ֮жҪƯŴʬ塣
ʱʬȫݴͣɣڻƺͿԵɻǣ˾Ѫ
Ȼ˵ľѪܻһЩȴܱʬϰðһΣɱǿ˺ܶࡣ
ÿʬһ֮󣬱Ҹطʮϰ궼¶һΣȻɸߵȼĽʬ
һΣʬٴѹȻǰ֮ʬ±ˣƺͱĺܺãҲûзĳֹʱҲƯɢɢļʬ壬Ƕǳ⣬߱ɱ֮ƺ֮еģԶԶθڡ˺ܳһʱ䣬ûмʬƯڻƺ֮УеҪ̻Ѫòգɱˡ
һɱɱˣֱӵˣű¶Σɱ֮
û취аóһҪϧһдۣҪȻ֪ö
߷Ѿ׵Ҳ˺ܶѪ˵ǽʬˣŶʮֳӡ
һжʰ֮˻һ鲻òǱǽԼθʬ˵Ӱľ
ʬȻܸߣҲ˼άϾ࣬ӻеڱܵĶѪջ֮£϶ᱻġ
󲿷ֵĵŸֶڴӵΧŲ÷ĵطԼкü׵ľ룬ֻҪǾʬ̤뷨ķΧ֮ڣ̱ɽȻ˿ٵĸȥһͬԸʬ
׵ľ룬Щ˵ҲͲһӱɵִ
ҵȽϼˣҺǿһڻƺӸҲʬ֮ǰûǸطһʬ˳Ǳ̵۷ȥλš
ԼϾŵӵʱҺǿ˻ƺӰߵһ̲ĸߴһƬĲݴУĶź棬ǷϢĻƺˮ
ڶصʱҽԽ߾дīϢָǿϣܹܺõϢ
ҵΪҪǿһЩбϢϢıȻ㲻϶ôһЩǿϸӦܹҵٵģʬаҾôԶӦòᱻ䷢֡
ҺǿһȱһСʱǿЩͷˣСʵСŸ磬ʬǵȦҪǲզ죿
ģڴôѪѪζôŨ϶ֵģҼϴǱϱʬģӦòʲôӡɫ
ҲеģǿСʵСŸ磬ڽڽЩ飬˵мֵܣڣһ˳֮ΪǾס


1634 Ѫէ
Ҿ˵⡰סͷ̫ãױгǾº˰ɣ汻ǿ˵˾
ҶʱЩΣСػصмλֵܡ
ǿһݵ˵СŸ磬⼸꽭ϱ⼸λķƱãôûн⼸λһСҺһǵķɡ
ǶԼ飬ѲԱûǹһص
ǿ̾ϢһЩϧ֮С
ţǿֿʼȷһֵܼһЩ飬ɱħկ֮Сѩ֮֮ССӶʮָȤһһһ顣
Ҳģ֪ʬʲôʱұǿһͨԴĥʱ䣬ǿǼѣ۷Ź⣬һֱͣ˵Ҳ̫̼ˣ˵ԺлĻϣܸǼһ𴳵һͷ
û뵽Сӻ˵Ǽһ죬ΣԻǺܴģҪǼ˵ĳ̫һЩһ˻죬ȷʲô֮١
ҽ¸ǿ˵һ£ǿһĲں˵ֻҪܸһ𣬾ûɶµģһﶼǼ϶һԴڽϻķˮƾɶҾͲܣ
ǿҪ֮£ұӦ˵ֻҪ㲻Ļ´ǳȥ飬һ
£ǿϲЦտ
ĵ𾢶ʱͻȻ֮ǰʬûĵطһЩ죬ǻƺˮͻȻݴӺӵðԲʮ֮ڹཹཱུ죬ˮտһ
㶯Һǿͣס˻ͷһȻĳŻƺ￴ȥ
ߵһҺǿ֪϶ʬϾҪˡ
һ̣ҺǿҴ۾Ķź档
Ƭ֮ǡཹཡĴݴӺӵð˳Բʮ׵ĺˮѪɫԶԶģǶܹŵһɸζǱƮ˹
ҿһǿϢָϢصĺܺãԼּһһϢ
ܱʬ֣ҪȻеļƻҪһˡ
ǻƺ֮ҵﲻ⻹ЩѪɫĺˮϵķڣұһεĿǹײĻĴӺǰһɷڣ˾޶˿ֲ
ֵƬ̣ǹײĶˮð˳Ȼ󻺻ĳŰ߿
̧ͷһɫͱǵλã򵥵жһʱҹʱصʱʬֵĻʱ
۾ǻƺӹ׳Ű߿ʱҵͷһǿСӵѾʼЩ΢΢ˣ֪̫Щη塣
˵ʵڵģҲЩηʬ
ϵһս⣬ǲ˷Ҳһһʧ˿϶еģϾǰѵһʬ
ܿ죬Ǿ߾޴ĹײıƯ˰ߣűǡͨһ죬Ǿž߽ʬֱӾͽǾ޴Ĺײĸ˰ߣŪ˺ܴ졣
ȻǾŸ̧ŹײĵĽʬҲһͬԾ˰
ЩԶһЩֱ治Щ̧ײĵĽʬʲôƷ֣ϡܹЩʬϺ񴩵һĶѾõĲˡ
ֻЩ̧ײĵĽʬп϶ҲͣɢϢʮŨ
Ǿž߽ʬ˰֮󣬾ǻһ㣬ֱվǹײĵΧ
֮䣬ǹײ֮ϺֹƬ̣ǹײϷһ죬ˡ
ײĸӴ򿪵ĺкɫɷǹײ¶
Ȼ󣬻ġģǹײһȻ
ﳤļΪûҾͿŴԴܴݸҼнʬ֮һжʮô˭ҪǱҧһڣС
˵ӹײλ϶ʬˡ
Ǽ洫Ǳϴйʬļأ˵ʬԹο࣬ڰʬ֮䣬мߣ˻꣬ʬ֮ѪڴӴ֮Уײгԣ˼ƷʬҲ֮ʱŽ̧ףѪէ֣Ҷüȫ֮ħ߱ΪƳ١
ⱾүǿⱾʱо췽ҹ̷ôħ֣֪а
ʬĴӹײ֮󣬺﷢һƵ죬Ȼ³һںһ̣͵ĴӹײﵯֱӴӹײ˳
üһʬĸͷǹģԱǾž̧ײĵĽʬ߳һأĽʬǰСһ㡣


1635 ͭʬ
ʬӹײ֮󣬺ٴη˼Ƶ죬ߵǾž߽ʬҲͬʱ˶ڻӦʲô
⽩ʬ˵ɶҲǱϴҲûнôʬͨ
ʬȻ˼άӦԲǣڳΪʬ֮ǰҲǸࡣ
Ǿž߽ʬڵõʬķԸ֮󣬺ܿ㳯ǰ˹ȥһԾ֮£߰ԶٵĳŴӵķ
ʬҲǵɣǾž߽ʬȥ̽̽·
Ǿž߽ʬ֮ʬĹһۣͻȻҺǿĵطͣƬ̣ŵҵǿһĸһЩ
룬ʬǷǵĴ˰ɣ
ֻƬ̣ʬĿŲˣȻһ֣һڷǾ޴ĹײıˮУ˻ƺ֮С
ţʬҲһ֮¾ʮԶ֮涼о΢΢Ļζ
ҵﶼð˺һǿļСߡǸϽȥš
ǿŷӦ˹һͷϵ亹ҵ˵ͷ
һ̣һסǿĸ첲Ȼʩչٰ˲ֶΣһŴٵȥ
ʮٰ˲ֶΣ׵ʬҰ֮ڣȻǿ㳯Ŵ﷢񱼡
֮Һǿ˴ҵ˴ʡصĸˣʬˣϽ֪ͨ׼߶󡣡
һʱһǼȽ˷ܣһ֣ļص˵Ͻȥ֪ͨ׼󡭡
Щص˵õգۼĹ㳯汼˳ȥ
һߣҺǿܿҲҪ뿪ŵһ֮һϣֱӽʬɷڵء
ȻҪתȥűһ˵ȵȡ
Һǿͣס˽ŲתͷҸһȥ
ǶӦһһ𱼳ԺӣٵĳŴڷĵطϡ
Ϊʡصֵܾ쵼ǿ϶汾µģҸоΪҪһΣصҪɵĻƣǿҪĹһһƴģλãǿʵʵ汾£ֻض¶Ƚϵ͵ѡ
Ȼ˵ҪһȥȻˣһָţҲܰǼܶѹ
˵䣬Ǳ첽˴ڵλãڴǸݶ֮ϣſǸǵλܹһ
ҲɨЩĴĴʡĵŸ֣кܶصԱһصĺܺãϢҲȥȲ֪ĻҪܵǵϢҲǺ׵顣
˸ոſݶϣӵĹ⾰Ӵڵλñ㴫죬һʮֳƵĽŲ˷
ֹƬ̣ЩԽԽҾͿ̧Źײĵľž߽ʬŴӵķ˹ǵĶ죬ÿǰͣɨһ£ұҲ⶯㶯Ȼʮ־ġ
˵ſĸһЩҴϢ
ֵһǾ;߽ʬԽԽȻ˷֮С
ֵǣǾž̧ŹײĵĽʬȻȴûзʬ
ôһ¶أ
ѵʬûдǲ÷طѡ;ɣ
һ뵽ͷһʬĻȷǷʤôǲõҲͬһ㡣
תһ룬Һܿͷ֮ǰҿɵϣǷ֮еλ˺ܶѪѪζܹʬģѵֿסѪջ
һҴһٴ͵͵ĳ濴ȥȻͿǾž̧ײĵĽʬѾԽ˷ȻɢŴӵĲͬλ˹ȥ
Щʬⷬٶҵľͷ϶ʬָʹž̧ʬ̽·ģȷûʲôΣ֮ʬſϽ
Ȼž̧ʬȻǲҪԸĿ꣬ԣֱӷǾž߽ʬ˴ӵıԵش
ҲвصĸҲʡŵĸţҲõЩ˵İΣֻҪʬܹЩʬΪǡ
һεĳȥʱЩʬѾɢˣлһ̧ʬ˹۾һƣʱһЩ̧ײĵĽʬĵҲͣʮͭʬźͭ׸ǣʵʵͭƤǣüΪķҲƲͭʬ壬ԸҲʮֵ鷳


1636 Ҫ
ֲõԶԶĿЩʬǴףԭǲǴţ䱾һףˡ
ЩʬﲻãڵλúֳܿһӴӰ
һԾ֮ʮԶŷķ첽һȻ˵һӾȥˣֵ׵Ǿʬ˴ڣͣƬ̣ܾĿһۣҲ⶯˼£ȻżǰԾ
ǾʬԵʱʬͻȻ㲻ˣ۾ͣɨܣ⶯ĸƵǵĿŴ¹ķ֮£ȥ˵ɭɲھʲôڵȴʲô֮㲻ǰһ
һĽʬ۾ǲܿģʬȴͬĵ֮ߣѾԼ۾Կ嶫ĵزֵľɫǺڰ׵ģҲǴүǱпġ
ڣߵǣ֮ǰǾžͭʬѾʼֳ˶˴ӵס֮УȻʼɱˣڴЩصʹʡŵȻףֱӸǿ
һȻֳ
ǾžͭʬǽӸʬ̽·ģǱһЩͭʬ㷢˼ʬ˶֮󣬺ܿӦһһŭһֱ̣תʱ·˹ȥ
үģʬôļֱͲһ߽ʬ
⣬ʬӣҴһֱӴݶϷ¡
ȥʱҼ˽꣬ǽʬһл㾦ʽ
һƵ£գۼ籡һɫĹֱʬϴ˹ȥ
ʱʲôûȥ룬ֻһͷǾǾԲʬôˣһѣ´αȻӵľҪ׽סǲܵ顣
ɫĹһɫĹߣΧĿռ䶼һƬ֮С
ʬֻˣûлͷȥһɫĹʵʵĴʬϡ
ʬһʹ˻𣬽ű˳ȥ˵ϡ
ȻŶ߰˸ٰ˲ֶΣʬĽǰҵʬ߲ԶʱʬѾٴδӵϵ𣬻عͷݺݵĿһۡ
үġʬ治һţȣɫĹײ˵ϣǿ϶һǺëʬĹһ±ϵˡ
Ȼʬȴö˶˵ģȻɶ¶ûС
˫ײҲҵأת˼£ǲҾ֮󣬱Żƺӵķٵ˹ȥ
Ͼô׷뿪ٴζ˼ٰ˲ԼޱȵΣȻٵ˷ʬߣ˵ͳĴȸʹһ¡
ʬٴŭһһģЩڵأǱҸˣһ֮£תͷ㳯ҺǳһŨĺɫɷһޱȳζҹ
æˣȻٵշ䣬һ˺üҵǰ
ʬĺɫɷһշüһϵĻĲݲǿôˣֱӻһźںĶһĶ
ƿǼϣǺɫʬһϢɳҹҺٰ˲ֶΣһʮյĶ˹ȥ
һôˣֱӱʴһѺˮȻء
һ֮ʬҪߣҾţƤҩһĲסţŴһ࣬Ǽٰ˲ǰ档
һΣּ˱ͭǮһʱ仯ͭǮʬϺȻѹ£һΣʬһαͭǮ䷭һͷǵʱɶ¶ûС
ȥô̫̬ˡ
ǹĽʬûôţȵġ
ʬٴεʱҽٴηųһУ콣еķ绢رɫ֮䣬𣬽ʯשߣִľ𣬳ʬһεײ˹ȥ
ǱߵʬոһͷƷڵأڵϹ˺üȦ
أʬܹɶ¶ûС
Ȼһ¶ûУʬǳ׵ıҸˣ˷һ㳯
ҵĿıǽȫŭҴȴˣǴŷķ˹ȥ
ʬٶȺܿ죬ͷִ󣬱ƵҲòٰ˲ֶγǰ񱼣ֻñǾ޴צӾͣĻ裬ŵͷһء


1637 ʬ
ʬ޲ýҸ̻ˣ׷Ҳš
ٴҲһ߽ʬ϶û˵ԴϺʹŭͷ֮󣬸һܲ˵ӣ˷һ׷ңһҪŪſϰݡ
ҪľЧҪǲұƷ裬Ҳȫɥʧǡ
ʬĵ֮ߣһܹԸ˵ģǰļгԱѾó˴𰸣̫ǿˣǼȫԽһеȸָһɶ¶ûУоڸһ̫ôײˡ
ұҪ֮У֮ýħסȻһϣнĿܡ
Ҵʬһ·Ƿ֮бȥ޲ܹĳ
ڣƴһһ˽ħ֮УʬҲٵĸ˹
ڽ֮ⷨæܴ󺰵СүҪŲסˡ
ʵҺЩŸصҲڵ
һͷǷ˷ʬһ֮ǽħˡ
Ҹо֮䣬ٵһ֮ҵܷӿȣȻʵʣǿҪĤݡ
Ҿ;Լⷨγһǿųųⷨ󣬶Ƿųҡ
ϾⷨԸа֮ģǸ࣬ⷨȻǲҵġ
ҸоʱӾǱüڱݺݵһѣȻӾ͵˳ȥųŵڵһ
ಡһҾ͹˵ϣŴʮͣЪ
ҴӵϷ𣬾ʬһЪ˹ĺ
ǰſڵϣҳʬȥʱʮ־ʵһĻ֮䣬ųɷ֮ʬ˵ϣȻ֮ϣԭҵ¹ͻȻͱޱЩҲͻȻһŵĹ⣬ʬֶ
ɫĹâܿ㽫ʬȵʬӿ롣
ɱаʬ֪һһŴ˷һȺˣЩдʡŵĸ֣ɽװصҲ׷˷ֶΣĶ˳ۻңȫʬк
顭
¡¡
ǶֵĺܣɫķĻһƬһƬĳʬϴȥ
֮ǰʬһٰ˲ֶҧ֪˶ٴΣʬ׷ľǷų֮󣬶ʱЩѣ֮󣬽űһҵĴϢ
ڣ۱ܹϴ跥ָٶʮѸݣӵĹ⾰ұָ˺ܶ࣬ٹʮӵĹ⾰ұָܹˡ
Ҿ֪Ըʬ϶ľ޴󣬹ʶûзųݵļгҪȻҪָʱһЩ
ʬҲ˿иҪʬ׵ıɷ֮Ҳܷ½䱸
·Ѿ̺ˣͿܲܽʰˡ
үģѾˡ
ϢƬ̣ٴγʬķȥܵ˵ɷ֮Ǵ֮ļӳ֣ʬǱ̶ԭأ޷ֺ
λֵķȥֱʬҺڣʬй
ִ򷨣ʬҲŲס೤ʱ䡣
ǣۿʬҪŷʱ򣬶Ȼ˱ʣʬЩӲ̧ͷХһһźǺ֮һɫŹ˳һͷ֮ϵĶʱ˹Źֵı仯
ƹգֱӽ¹ǹ
үģʬ³ɶ
Ҷһʱ˹ʬ³ĲǱģ֮۵ʬʬ֮ڵ࣬ʬеľ֮ڡ
һڵ³ʬˣһʹڵȻд𣬿ٰС
Ȼʱ˿̣ʬȴòá
ɫʬһ֣֮ƹεǴֻ֮еɷܹ֮һ󣬵ʬ˼һ㣬ӽžܹˣ˺޷֮£һǾ޴צӣʱ˱˳ȥ֮УѪŷɣʱɥ
ʬʼɱ˵ʱ򣬺ﻹڲϵķ˺֮Щʮн࣬Ҳ֪
ȻʬôãȻˣԽǷ֤Ѿǿ֮ĩϾʹ˷ȥԽ˹ԽͣϢ֮
ľãʲôط̫Ծ


1638 ʬ
˷ΧǾʬʱڲԶڵսԽԽңʬ³ʬֶǳ֮סܷӶʬǷĻᣬԣʬҲѾʼԱصĸɥЩʡĵŸҲ˺ü
ʬɱ˼ΪײУһſڣʬ£ʮǿĸʴ֮ΧΧʮֵܼܶʱ򣬸޷ѣʬ֣ܶ˵ͻһ̯ŧѪʬ޴档
˫ֳִצӣֻƾһҲûܹмܣһצӻȥֵĴܹնϣ˾͸˵ˣȫһݿļơ
ʬһŪŪʮ֮֮˿ʼ¶˵֮ɫʼˡ
ʵͷ۵ǣʬʮֵĿͨǹڶ첻κвղ׺ݵļо͸Ƶģصϴʡŵĸϰˣôʱ䣬û䵹¡
ҵҲָĲˣԼҲУϼУֱӽʬſ±ǣʵʬ㵽Ҳλֵķˡ
ֻǵҸովûãͻȻԶһ죬涼о΢΢ĻζֹƬ̣ҳŴڵķһʱһ
ӴڵķͻȻһȺĽʬЩʬʲôĶУһͷڿٵĳ
ʱҲŻȻ򣬸ղΪʲôǾʬһֱнĺ֮ԭںԮ
صܹôԮ˼ʬҲУʬϳ֮Уֽʬмپߣȫ
һ֮ʱ˫ص˲䷢˺죬ǵ쳣ĳأԲŻоҡػһ㡣
Ⱥʬ֮󣬺ܿصЩ侯ؾȫˣҲ٣ǹһЩʬ˹ȥ
ЩǹڵӵǾƵģһĽʬǲڻ£һɨ֮£Ҳüʮ߽ʬ˵ϣûϢ
ҲЩʬȽر𣬱ʬͭʬ֮ģǾӵҲ޷ǵ壬Ҳ޷ǵΣܿ죬ǺƺƵĽʬȺ嵽˴ӵΧЩؾ侯ɱ
ЩʬŸֶҪϺܴܽЩ侯ؾЩʬǰǲһ
üһĿǰʽǺʬһΧˣȻʮֶˡ
ЩʬһܹɵǾʬĴ˹ҲҪ˴롣
һǧ˰٣ܲ㡣
£һҲ޷ˣֱӴӵһԾӭЩʬ˹ȥ
Щʬʬϳ֮лģǱҧѪʬ϶ɽʬҲ֪˶꣬ʳ˶˵ѪŻǿֵزһƬʬҿҲЩͷ
ʧˣû뵽ʬܽЩɽ﻿Ľʬܹٻ
û취ӭͷƤҲϣԲЩʬӿҪЩʡŵĸȡʱ䡣
ұЩʬʱȻͭǮ˳һǰ񱼣һ߼˱ͬǽǰܣͷ֮϶ʱóǧƺƵһƬΪ׳ۣȻ󣬻Ǭ˱еĶʦ¸˳ǰ涪˹ȥʦֿЩʬҲЩֶεģ֮һ£Щͭʬʬ֮Ҳܹջ
ޱȻСȣҪ߾ͺˣȺŹĳóǹһٻֵܹסЩʬ
ֻϧСڻéɽҢΪζԸʬô鷳֮ܽСȸӻؼң뵽ģ
ǽʬжʮ׵ʱһ־ָǰһָһƬͭǮȻ£ЩʬȺѹ˹ȥ
գۼĹǰ㵹һƬĽʬ˵Ҳаٰʮһȫ©һ㡣
ţʦȻһðĹ˽ʬȺкֱײѻ𣬽ʮ߽ʬȼˡ
ˣЩʬɺܶ࣬һȫη߷ӵ
Ҳ˲ôˣͭǮ˽꣬ó˷ʬߣַֽ꣬ʬߣһ裬ǰһͳ壬ڽʬȺɱ˺üغϣȻҲòٽʬȫ˵ϡ
ɱʱͻȻ˴졭סаʬˡ
һԴȥӴʬðỤ̋ӵһ񱼶ȥ


1639 Ҫú
ǿЩʬЩΧʬĵŸֺصһʱ䶼оȥ˾裬Żʬ˿ɳ֮ʬɱ˼ֱ֮ӳ˽ʬȺУЩʬڻŻƺӰ߶ȥ
һˣʬˣ뽫ƭ붼飬ʬѾ˳ӣҲʱƺ֮еġ
ұкһʦ֣䶥סЩʬѹȥ׷Ǿʬ
źüٰ˲ֶΣ뿪˽ʬȺǽʬܵķ׷ֹ
ûҵЩʬӿ˽ȥȻ󱻴ʡĵŸֺص˸ҪȻЩ侯ؾ¾Ҫȫûڴˣɱʵ̫ˡ
׷ʬʱ򣬸оҲ˳׷˹оΣҲʮĸ֣Ҳ˻ŸҸղһ뷨Ǿǲ˵ʬˡ
ʬӵٶȺܿ죬ֻýٰ˲ֶõ˼£ϵԼٶȣڶٰ˲ʱҲڷתŵ֮Լԣ״̬
һ׷ʬҪһսǿ϶ҪʬˣҿɲѰ·
ҿ׷ʬü·׷ʬȻ˽꣬һл㾦˹ȥ
ʬֻûŶһӽ֮籡ɫâܿײʬϣʬ˳ȥ
ʬǼٰ˲ǰ棬ȻһɨǧʽһݺĽɨ˹ȥʬڵϷ˼£ȥǽһնŴͣЪ
ʬұһֱӳ˹϶ϳңҪҷҪ伤ŭ֮Ӷˣޱȵķߺޣצӱ㳯˹
ʬӲӣֻñâÿһ
ȥʱҽǼ콣еĽУſ˺üΡ
ʬϰ̹ʬϵйһΣҾǽǵͣҾڵֻһǱƺ֮У㵽ǿھ޴ĹײһڹǣҪǽȥˣǻûʲô취
бӵҲ뿪·ʤҺʬ֮ҪһУ¶û
ŸɷʬüΣٴʬǰ棬һΣֱӿ˵еķӡǼǿħͷ˳ӯȫԼĿǰǿ󣬶ԸʬҪúУҪȻ϶ͣ
ͷųңϺܿڳ˺ɫɷֹһ̣չֳʮǿһ
һ̳ⷬʬһ£Ȼٴνʬ˳֮ϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʬҲڳ˺ɫɷҪҪŨܶࡣ
үģ͡
ϣʬһ
һ̣ʬһεĳҺֱײ˹һſڣһŨʬ̹ȳ˱ǣǵܴ
һæٰ˲ٴ㿪ңң֮䣬㽫˦˳ȥǽߵǧӰʬֶȥȻóͭǮк
˵⽣ߵһʩչܼļӲֱӷסʬȥ·ϴһ죬ĽҲܹסһȻͭǮٴǰϵҪ˹ȥÿһȥϿһڣųϵʬ
Ҹʬ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰ҸеϲǣҵԮˡ
Ȼһʮֲϲ˼ô˵Ҳһʮĸ֣ԭϣǲûʲôޣǸ˱ɽƽ̵Ķ
֮⣬һ˺üصĸ֣һҿűȽ죬ɽص鳤ĮǿҲС
кûдֱӾͼ˷ɽʬĺ˹ȥ
Ƿɽһķâʬ͸Ȼٴͷϡ
ǰ׷꽣ɽɽ֮еķɽһͺݺݸʬһ£ŪʬΪꡣ
ٴδһĺɫɷ͵һգϵʬŽݺݵײһ£귢һȻٴҵС
û˽ϮţʬٴΰĵĳŻƺӱߵķ񱼶ȥʱĮѾżصƵʬǰ棬סȥ·


1640 ɱ
ʬһӣҺ첽׷ȥǰصǼ֮⣬ɽǿҲУʬĻصЩˣĮһ£ֳָ㷨ʬɱȥ
ǲȡΪ͵İ취ǱӲӲĴ򷨣˵ֱ˸ʽ㳯ʬк
Ҳ֪ǲɵо仰˵ĺãձ󣬰֮ʬȻӣ˺ۣȻһߵмߵʬڱǷɱɱʱЩص˸ӲӲȫһĽࡣ
ҵΪǸ߶ˣһרٰ˲ֶΣҶҸʬӲɣǶǲȡλսһǹһط
ЩصˣȫһƴOӡ
Һһ׷һ߳Щص˴һ
ѾˣʬӵĿ죬ЩصĸǶٶҲ졣
ۿǾҪײһʱʬ³һŨīʬǰ漸صĸǶסˣǼҽжûü̾ͻһ̯̯ŧѪȻʬǰһˣһһصץУֱӾͣһ֮£ͽ˵İӸ˸Уⱻһǰ汼ȥ
ʱĮǿֱһ˹ֽʬǰ棬˲䱬ѿʬһ٣Ȼұ㿴ǿ첽ǰʹһּֿǽѸٵʬϿ˼ǿеıҲǷƷ˲ʬϸ˼ӣʬ¶
ʬ˻һ˫ֳǿɨ˹ȥٶ̫ˣǿһʬצɨ˺ϣʱҿǿñʽһ£һЩ˺ʬ֮󣬻ǿһѪŲԶĲݴй˳ȥҲû
СӲ֮ǰҪ˵һ콭ģǸѣʬһУ׶༪ˡ
ΪǿصһҺ㱼ʬĸʬǰ棬ʬǱ߷ɽͺͷ֮ϡ
ͻȻһɫķǽ֮ȥһ׷꣬նħǧӰķɱ񣬷ɱ뷣
ҿҪŴˣұ뵲һ²Уʬ㿪У͸㲻ڶˣŴġ
Ȼ䣬һͻȻһⷨǬ˱һֱûлϣĴڣҪǿŴһ벻
үү˵ɽģүһɽġ
ʬ
ŴУҾɽ˳ʬ
˵Ҳɽһټʮǰɽ֮үУǼҵĴұ
ҪԸʬģʱãʱ
뵽ֱӽʬ˳߶ʬǿٱʬ˹ȥ
֮䣬ʬ涸Ȼһǿһ¾ʬϣʬͣǹһͽʬӴθɳȥ
ʬڰ֮УҾͿŴ֮αһƬΣһ˻ˣ׷꽣ʮѣЯǿʬϵĸҪɱ˹ȥ
ʮ׷꽣ʬ壬ʬڵ֮϶ʱʮ͸Ŀʬ֮󣬻վڵϵġ
ϲͣķʬйǾ޴һһϣȻ;ƿˡ
Ƿţ˽Ų
үģʱ
ҿʬʱѾûжķ֮ˣ˷ʬߣһٰ˲͵ߣֱӽʬ׽
ʬĿǻ˵á
ʬҲ֧ŲסӾҵһǻðʬٵ£ʬɣվʬߣʬâ˸ʬߴ˿ڷɵʬ
Σʬܲˣȴľֻ·һ
ҴʬջĿ⣬ȥҲջ׷꽣ڵϣϢʬڵϵʬ壬ֳһ˷ܵĿϲ֮ɫ
Ը˴ţˣ˵ʬǱɵġ
ûСүϣ¶Ҳɲɡ
Ҳͣ˭˭ʬѾˡ
ܿ죬˸ղűʬ˵ǿæǿĵط˹ȥܿҵСѪš


1641 Ҫ
Ҽ౻ʬеˣһ̫ˣ˺һʬһƹȥֱӾͽЩĳһ⣬ѪĽ
ҪʬղűΧһ򣬵дǿ϶ҲҪһغˡ
ڵϣвϵѪĭӣæ˹ȥĽҵִĺ󱳵ʱ򣬶ʱоݽȥһ顣
ȥСӼϵĹͷ˺ü֪˵˼׵ûУŪ°뱲Ӿ͵̱ˡ
ССŸ硭ҡǲҪˡǿѵ˵ţһ˵Ѫӿ˳
һ˵Щᣬæ˵Ϲ˵϶ˣԺ绹Ҫ㴳أôȥ
˵ţұǬ˱óѦҵҩ˵ҩһԵȫǿĿУȻһĺȥ
ǿЩϢо˯һϾҪɥĸо
æһСȻȴҲɥҪʱתƵĴҽԺҽβС
ǿ˻϶ˣϵĹͷ˼ܵ𵴣ЩڳѪʱҽεĻǺпɥġ
ұǿ֪ǺõʱҷصǱ߻ʣˣһɽص鳤ĮһһֱĮصԱЩ죬ûô˵
һ۵Ѿɥʧһʬ֮󣬺ܿͳ˹
Įһ֣ʮּ˵°ղҪƴסʬѾƺ֮ˣʬҲǱնɱ¿϶׹һϼʵġ
ҸҪ䣬ʱһ˳˹ϻɱһͷһţʱһŭָĮıƿڴôϹ˵ղɱʬ˭ղҶɽΪϳ˵йС䣬ɱаʬôͳɱʬأ¶Ҫ˵ҷǴĹȲɣ
˵ţ㽫е׷꽣͵һ裬ֱûһ뽣졣
һԴǼҵĮɫһһԵʮѿȻĮΪɽص鳤ȴҲɽƽ̵ĶǰΣĮ󣬶Ϊɽĵص鵱Увصĸ߲㶼ǳɽһ˵Ͼֳֵܾɽġ
ǿĮͷ˾Ķͷ˾ֻһ仰ĮԲ˶ߣĮҵ
ĮϻЩҲסԴǳϿҵ˵ӣҳϻɱʬʱҲ˲Ҳ˵Ϲʬ˷󣬳Ŵ汼ӵʱû˸ֻһ˲η׷ȥʬôãŸǿɳ֮ղСʬսĻǷʬʬĿУɵʬϵʬʬղû˷֮
ô˵һ飿ʱһС䣬ʬѾˣǼһֳɵıˣ¶ҪϸˣҾĲ㣡˵ţһѾͽ׷꽣˳ƾҪ֡
ĮƢҲˣЩ첱Ӵ֣ҪȴҸסЩͷ˵˺ˡôʲôģʬȻˣƺϰܹ԰ҵǵҪĿģ˭ɱʬҪ鳤˵ɱʬǣһûС
˵ϲ¶һ˿ײϲ֮ɫĮɫ͸ӵѿˣҪ˵ЩʲôұٴδĻ˵Įϸ磬ЩƲӵҲҪٹˣɽƽ̵ĵǿʬˣͷ˺üҲЩˣϽȥҽԺΣҪȻ˿¾;Ȳˡ
һԾҪĻ治һ嶼ûУıá
СһֱѹһͷΪѣСʵĲǺʤ̫֮ǿһ켣ô꣬Ȼ˲٣ܲľͲαô಻Ҫ鷳һεķͷøǣԺ󽭺֮ϣҸ֮Ҳûʲôϵ
ǡ
˵ĮſһһеǿæкԵˣǿн˹Щ˵ǿȥҽԺˣҪм鷳Ǵﻹкüپ߽ʬأϽ۷ȥЩʬ˰ɡ


1642 Ҫ
Į⻰ңǰΪֲʬȻ𣬵ǻкüپ߽ʬڴŰҵȷҪȥɱһǹȥһ˵ñɥ
˵ЩصĸֺʹʡӦЩʬֻʰʬ鷳࣬רſƽʬģҹȥʰЩʬһЩ
ĮǸص˽ǿнӹȥ֮ҸõѦҵĵҩѾʼãǿѾ˯˹ȥ
Ҹõĵҩܹʱ֮⣬еãǿСʱ֮ڿ϶֮ǵġ
ĮǽǿҲʰʰ׼ϹȥԮ˵ʱͻȻҵǰһʢ˵ģһ֣Ѷóɡ
һ㶣СɵôҶ˵ˣʬɱģҪ
ʱɫһ࣬Щõ˵ʲô·һҪȥء
ѶȻߡֵ
вɣʲô㵹˵Щŭˡ
һ˵ģСӱװͿղŶԸʬʱҿóһ澵ӣʬֶȥʬһ±㱻˳ȥдûпĻõ澵ӽʬɽһٶǰʧɽܾ֮ˣȻϣ㽫ʬңʲô˵
ȥүģ
ԭǵϵʬʬһټʮǰɽĲ٣ʬүһɽеģȻҵĴҷҽ콫ʬҵˣǸܵ顣
ЩһУһҪȥġ
£ɫһʬһټʮǰʱɽĲ٣һټʮǰʬ䵽ҵУʱɽôҪҪǲЩˣ
һһֻҪɽķʲôʱҪУһֱɽģڱҪʬҡ
Ҫǲأɫһ۾
ԣҾɱ㣬нʬģ۾ҡ
ղһͨûнҸĮǿûԶˣܿ۷˻æǰ˵λǴĮһҵʬ𣬴˻ڲϵǶλʲôҪĻܲ˴Ľʬ˵
У
ĮĻ䣬㱻ϴʾܾˣֵ黹лأСɽɽ˵ʲôҪ
ӣ鲻Ҫ̫ˣǡ

Įѻ˵׷꽣ͻȻն𣬹âʢֱĮ˹ȥٶּֿĮĻᶼûУ׷꽣ǧһ֮ʣȴͣĮüĴĲһ׵ĵطأתֻͣҪ΢ЩأղĮһغˡ
СӾǸ첻ߣһײϣĮݺݵһĭɫ䣬˼վﲻȴû뿪ʲô̫顣
ĮٴζݺݵĿңһһٵ˵һΣʬ㵽׸ң
ѵ㻹ɣȻ
˵ˣӾҪ
һԲϣһ֣׷꽣˹˵ͳҵԴ˹ȻԴУ˲ͽ˳ݺݵĸƴһǡ
˲ײһ𣬻䣬ҵЩ飬סһŵĲͣ
ղСĴУ˲٣ȻҲ˲ٴУΪǿûʩչҵٶȺܿ죬˿̵ȻҲԱҲ˼֡
ʵϴΪǧɽθһܵʱʱǵΪڲ֮䣬ûзֳʤʱ֮ڣҵΪͻƣȻǵʱǸˡ
ҪӲƴȻǲΪʢ״̬֮£Ҳܹʤ
СӾһ棬޶Լϵɽƽ̣޷죬콫Сүˣǵýѵһɡ
ҲҸŭˣ˼֮󣬽ű㳯׹˼ɫķǷһâ˸Ȼڰ֮ȼ˲оһѹֶ


1643 סѹ
ɽʦǿǲСģɽƽ֮ӣȻǵõ洫⼸ŷһҶʱоĪѹ춼Ҫһ㡣
̧ͷȥǼɫķȼ֮Ȼγһ޴̫ͼתžͳҿٵѹ˹֮ѹҶЩ͸
һнصĴ㣬⼸ɫķȻҲǳɽʮֶĸ֣֮ҪȻô
үģҰҧгݣղԸʬʱ򲻽ôķóԸʬȴ˶Ըҵϣ֪СӵװʲôģҪҵ
վڲԶĿң˵ҲûᣬԼ֪ϧںҲˣȥɡ
գۼĹǾ޴̫ͼ̩ɽѹһȻ£ʶ䣬һ˫ֳ죬ʹƵӲӲĽס̫ͼ
ֻƾƣȻǽӲסģҵдӵ³ŪĶתǬƣʹҵϣ⶷תǬܹ޴ѹתƵ֮ϣ֮ҲŸȥӡ
Ǿ޴̫ͼ˫֮ϵʱѹͱˣϵҲûио̫ĳأǽµĴȴЩԲ˫˵ٶʮףܵĵʱ˾޴Ѻۣӿ
㾰󣬶ʱһЩŵ˵⡭ôܣôܶס⼸ɫѹ
Ȼ֪ϴŶתǬƣڶݵĳԾ֮࣬ٴֳ׺֮ɫһ֣ǰѷɽ׷㶸Ȼ䳯ߴ˹
ұǾ޴̫ͼѹţӶã׷꽣Ȼַ˹Ƕ϶޴Ȼֻǰ׷꽣ѵ⽣ǳص
⽣ȻǷɽȴʤƷɽΪ⽣֮зӡһ꣬콣Ĵ߶֮£ҪǷɽˡ
Ƿɽұ˽꣬˽ߵʱһƬӰǷɽֱӲס޷ڳұƽ֡
κβңֱһ˳
һڳһֻоǾ޴̫ͼȻǬ˱ͭǮһ˦֣ͭǮ㳯˹ȥ֮£ͭǮۿۣҲܹٵͭǮֶȥ
һ߳ұһߴ˼ŻֽЩͭǮȥײһ𣬺Ȼһ죬ȫȥ
ǳͭǮһҴһ˫ַ˶תǬƵȻһȻٰ˲ֶΣ̫ͼ֮˳ԵЩǱ
ǰŸӳǾ޴̫ͼݺݵ˵ϣֱӽĳһԲңȴԼһ׶ĴӣҲһ̫ͼ״
жǹֲģ׮
ûκδϢʱ䣬һֱ㽫ٻҵУŭɶ֮䣬еĽ꣬Ϳ˹ȥ
Ҳͬʱ׷꽣ٻУӲƴ˼С
ͬǾײһʱ򣬻Ľı˴˵˫ֶЩ顣
رѵһ棬ؿѹһڻֱӾ͸ƴˡ
콣ʽһʩչ˺üУ׺ݡ
⼸ʹͿñЩߵЩмܲסˣýʹ㾦ʱýȥֱ˴Ҹ˳ȥ
һݣŽٰ꣬˲ǰҪȥնĽŽԺôNɪ
ȻϾҪߵʱͻȻ׷꽣һɫķ׷꽣âһʱ߰ѷɽȫҪ
һֻҲ˳ȥ˽ߵס׷꽣
ûзҲúúõһСӲɣһеĶ
˫ұ㵽ߣһƱ㳯ؿȥСҲֱӻӳһƣҽʵʵƴһ¡
ƴСӼֱǲһ
ƷƣܹҵΪüΣһ̩ʦѧһдƣƻʹãһƵִ֡
ȻҲǶһвûУ˵ܳܵסǳܲסϻŶתǬƣܹȫжȥ
ƴһƵʱһ˼һƴʵˣܱҸ
ҵĿıǺúýѵһڴһ±á
һƺȥʱͱڰգѪ


1644 ɱ
Ժһƣžģ˴Լɵöһư
ҪСӽ˼УȻĹȣӲһơ
ˣһƱɳȥ߰ԶѪݺݵ˵ϣ֮ûҪڴſ²µ߶
˵أŽ곯˹ȥ߽һϸϸĵⶼƻŴɵĽǴƣ̺ģݿ࣬ƲɵǴ̩ʦѧֶΣһãоЧ
ߵ֮ұ˽ָʺʵģʬ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҪôҪɽķɱңҪȻҳҪֳŵأһӣ۾Ķңһ˵Ѫǻ
΢΢һ飬û뵽һﶼͷ˻ôӲɵЩŭգ±˵ΪҲɱ㣿
ԣηĿҡ
Ҵ㶯ٽѵһʱһֱվڲԶɽص鳤Į˹һסŽ֣˵ɰɽƽ֮ӣҪɱ϶Ҳɣλʢһʱͷϣһƽľһ£Ҫ嶯лú˵𣿡
ʱ򣬸ղűǿǸص˽ǿ˵ϣ첽˹˵صһԲ˹ȥ
һҪ֣
Įסҵĸ첲ţͣȰҵֵزְɣӾˣƢĺܣǲҪһʶˣʹ뿪ȥĴҽԺƣһصȽЩʬ˰ɣڴﻹһƬ
ʵҵҲɱ֮Ҳû̫ĳԹֻСЩ̫룬ЩѣĮܣøҺһ̨£ȻǼþգŸĵס
Į˵˼䣬Ȼ˻ȥǿǸص˱Ҵҵ뿪
뿪ʱſڱ˱ϵ˻عͷݺݵһۣЩвζ
Ȼǲصһۣ룬ѾĻСүһСүǰըëǻˡ
Ŀȥ˽꣬ҪȥԮʱԶԶı㿴һŻ⳯߱ƽϸһǶʦֹˡ
һﱼҵߣǾ޴Դϲ˼£ҽ˼һȻЩҵİΣƵġ
ģȻ鲢ʦָҴһ֮󣬺ܿתĳһطС˹ȥΧһѶ߹ȥһԵĶһźںú̿һĶһģ
ⶫǱǷʬʬʬʦһԭŵζѭʬʬġ
뵱Ͼ׺ɱĺĸʱǺĸʬǶʦָԵġ
ʦʬʬŹ
˵ʬҲаʬҲ̺ʦֳˣԼĵҲͦߵġ
ֻǲ֪ʦʬʬ֮ǲҲҪһʱ䡣
ȲߣұЩ׽⣬ܵƣʦٴγߣұʧȥұۣҪʲô۶ӣ鴦ˣҸϽصéɽСȸӻ
ʦֳԵ߹ȥǷʬߴʬЩڵĴг˳ջǬ˱УȻ֪˶ʦһ԰֮󣬸Ͻصҡ
ʦһߴڵһ߳Һߺ˼ڻӦȻұ㳯Ŵķ˹ȥ
һعȥһﻹֵĺܣصʹʡŵĸȫɢȺʬĲɿ
Ϻʬ壬ЩɷڵصĽʬҲߵĸ֣صġ
ֻǴɨһۣұһаǸɵƣҪңҴһܣҿ϶һ˵ܶȼ
ұéɽ壬ٵ䣬һö죬ںսȺʬȫһ£߿˹
Щʬٵķ˱仯ëʬ˺ëʬëʬ˺ëʬʱ꣬Ľʬ˹ȥ
éɽʱЩʬעЩֳû֣һʱöཀྵʬŷڵء


1645 ʬ
ˡ֪һȿңĴһһʱ˵ĿⶼңϣϲãҲֻңһܹٵĸı֣þѸٵתΪʤΪҴ⼸ƽʬķ
ȫרҵԿڣΪǿû̫Ĺϵ
һʱ䣬ʮ߽ʬ꣬Ľʬʱ˻˺ܴѹһĴɾʮ㣬ʱ˾޴ĸı䡣
ҹ۲һս֣éɽȻŷʬٴγ˽ʬȺС
еķʬͻĳһ߽ʬϣǽʬðһŰ̳ȻأȻһֻеĽ䣬㽫ǽʬԴն
ҳȥ֮󣬱һ㣬ٵոЩʬˣ֣ɱһСʱЩʬȫһ߾ͷʬڵأ
صͷʬʬ壬Ҳ۲ˣһ߽ʬȻصʱҲһƨ۵ڵϺ
˿ڽЩʬȺˣסһٺĻ
˷˺һű˳˹
Ǵʡֵܾ쵼ߵҵǰ󻹸Ϻһڴʡŵĸ֡
һסңЩ˵ͬ־Ҵʡ׸ϣʾֿл⣬Ҫ֣֪жЩʬ֮¡
ҴӵվһϵĺֳˣҲӦģħǽͳķ֮¡
Ļһ䣬ʡЩŸҲ׷Χ꺮ůЩ֮ܳС
ʱͻȻҲǰһҶ֪飺Сţʬأ˻Ǳˣ
ҳƬ̣δǣ¶ҲҾӹ滹Ӳٹͣ±ʬҺˣʬʬڱֻʳѾ˴룬ʬʬŻƺӱ߲ԶĵطǿԹȥơ
˵˶ʱһ꣬ʬΧôöûбҺ־͸նˣòľ
ɫĸߵļصʹһɫǼص˱ƿȺŴڵķ˹ȥ
󣬲˵ɱʬ˱ŷǵ֤ݲУԣòȥȷһ£ʬûбɱ
ֵˣСţҸղſʡص鳤ĮҲżȥ׷ʬˣأ
һ˵¶ұЩƣ±Įȥļ˴󲿷ֶʬɱˣǿҲˣĮظأͻҽԺҽΣȥĿĻǺϣġ
ҶûҸ˵Ҹһܵ飬¶̫ˣ֪ĻΪǸͣŻ˴ֵģ˵ûеطš
һԵ˵ǿˣһСѣǿˣزأ
ͦصģϵĹͷҲˣʱҩס͵ҽԺʱĻ϶ܻһص
ôܵˣЩȲʵ
ʬɨһ£ڵǿýһ£ҪȻɶȲʵ
̾ϢһЩ˵ƶ֮ʱӦƽʦִǿһСӶƶȥôƽʦֽǡ
˲Ҫģ˿϶ˣĮѾȥҽԺˡҿο
УҵûȥơЩŵ˵ţһԵ˵ֳܸܲҰһȥ
˷ģϾ͸㰲šɫűԸȥ顣
˳һ֣˵СѣǺڣʱ件ӭ㵽ɽһۡ
һáҿĻ
˱˹ָ𣬴Ҵȥˡ
Ǳ߸ûãȥļ˺ܿ۷˻Сĸ˵һЩʲôüͷʱչǼ˿ʬʬ壬еʯͷ˵ء
ͺܼˣʣµȫɨβĹϵЩʬʬȫˣéɽƵЩʬҲȫ˵ϣһ߾ߵĸʬ
Ҳʮֺ棬ʬʲôôܹôĽʬ
Щʬʬʱ˷һЩߣЩʬʬϣкܶûиõףƲ˵ʬǹʱһ󽫾ܶһЩŷ֮ǰͽԼ˽ʬһȥһЩӣԼһͬ˻ƺӰߵʬ


1646 
˻֣Щ׵ĽʬȼܸߣЩѾͭʬЩ˺ëʬ
֮ǰʬ̧ײĵǾŸʬ϶ǰʬţҲ֪ʬʲô취ƭǸԼһҸоΪõһ취ж˶ԼܹϣһȫǽԼɽʬҲһ취
ʬԹ𣬵ǽʬûԼʶģֻɱ˺ѪѾ֮ܳΪˡ
ʬпָܻʶģǽʬĵкܸߺܸߣܹǻ߲ʬ־磬ָܹһЩʶǻŽʬıܡ
ֻǽʬҪе߾磬ⲻ˾Ҫ¾޹ɱ˺Ѫһ¶һЩͷᱻȺ֮³ֻصĻһˡ
ܹΧǴڵȴʬܹǵ־磬ѾʮǿаˣݣֻҪָʲôʱһ׾ͺһѷɻңǧ꣬һ⾡١
ܶŴö֪νԼɽʬǺٺ˻Ϊվûʲô³һʬ⣬ֻأΪ˵ĺá
ʬǲһսɳĽҲֻǲ²⣬׼ġ
ص϶һָǱʬϳϳһ׳죬ûвĽʬڣеĻ϶ҪɾʬʬҲҪٵĻϲ֮Ǹط
ʱ򣬿϶ҲһЩ￼ŲŽ룬жʬݡ
ͲԵķΧˡ
ʬҵɣҲöϺүүиڴʡһ֮ұصéɽĸ˳㽫СȽӻ
˺һʱ䣬ʦֱλƵ˹һ㡣
ĶʦѾСˣоһ֮һȦߵߣſߣ˯
ҽʦǬ˱ʱսҲĲˣЩʬռصЩսĴʡŸҲưá
صĴ󲿷ָּúˣЩԮûʲôˡ
£ʡصֵܾüص˴ȥ˴棬ҵȷĳӣǻص˵صĶС
ЩʡĵŸרͳ˻ȥ
ԼгصǱ߻רŸҰһ˾ҵĳһȥ
ҵĳʮֿʹˣҲһҵĳȥģ֮⣬һĻ㲨ˣϵͦ˼Դϴҽʬȳ֮󣬾һֱҿͿģηҪһȥһ·ϣ˵˵ЦЦҲʮȤ
Ȼصʱ춼ҪˣЩص˽ЩԮȫ˶صһд
Ȼһ㣬ƣһҲƣûôĽˡ
Լסһ䣬ص֮·û£ֱӵڴϾ˯˹ȥ
̫ˡ
ʬôò˵ǶһܣûʬŪɱˡ
һ¶
ԸⱲҲҪһԺһο϶һΣѵģҵʬŶûС
һ˯ĺ㣬صдҲûɶ˼ˣֱӷĴ󵨵˯˹ȥ
˯ԺʱͻȻһ춯ڵ˨ĲУҲȥᣬǹһͻȻ˸ƿˣŴ˺ü˵ĽŲ
ҵľԻǺܸߵģڳ˯֮УҲżߵľԡ
һŲҺܿӴſڿȥ
һҪͻȻſڳһȺص⻹кܶؾǹ׼ҵüģһʱ䣬䲻ķվˣȫʮ־Ŀҡ
ҪȻǾͿǹˣͻȻһ˳ɫغ
ǱǸѵģһʱЩ£үģҲΰɣ
ʶ䣬Լͦ۵ģ⾹ȻΣѵඣ
ȥΪɶأ
СүոհʬǷͷȴǹ׼ңӲŵٶҲ̫һЩɣ
˲䣬ҵŭգǰļɽװȥΪ׵һ˾ȻǴʡصֵܾǸ쵼Ҳһѷǰ߻һϡ
ʮεˣȿʵϣʲô˼


1647 Ϊ
صд˯ĺúõģͻȻʹһȺǹָңҾ
ˣϻһ𲢼սаʬնɱʬϰʬȺ˵Уܶ˵Ҿġ
תۼ䣬ǱǹָҵţҾִܣ¶һ˿϶ܲˣҸ޷ܡ
ҿΪεϣҹġ
ҪΪ˱֮ǰҵľ֮ҿ϶˻ˮ
ϱҿЩë鿴Ϊִ٣ɫǻޱȣһʮ־ӡ
ͣҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬴Щɽװ֮ͻȻ߳һҿ˵ʱ򣬲ɵһ£ҲǸʶ֮ǰɽص鳤ףǰҺսһͱ˸ΪϵĶʦ֣ݺҺףصֵܾ쵼׳棬ŻǳΣʱЩ飬Ŀ
ˣӦùؽ棬һӶܷôҲأ
Щ벻ͨ
ʱ׿ȥʮֵţҺٺһЦſ˵û뵽Ҳн죬ˣҰˣѺʡصܾ֣
һ£ʱкüص˳ҿ첽лһĶҪҡ
Ȼ˿̵һɽ֣֪顣
Щص˳Χһ֣˵ţ
һڣϵƶȻһޱȿֲϳӶȥЩص˶ʱŵĽŲһ٣ǰ߶벽Ҳ˾֮ɫ
ҵֶжôڳ˴󲿷ֶʬţȲţȣҲСүǱ˷ʬ֮£ĸֽʬҲǱ䣬һնԴ
֮ɱħͷԲ˵׸⡣
СүˣӶ¡
Щصͣǰ׶ʱŭɶָҵ㻹ҿܲɣΪеĴ𣿡
ôȸҴôߵñӣصҪҿԣҪҸɰɣ׵ĽҸˣҴӦеĽӦ˵
ͻȻЦʮֲ˵ҪɣԣҾ͸һɣɽƽ̵ĶӦ֪ɣˣ͵ҽԺûã˾ѾˣʱڳۿӶ֣ŵһغҲ𣿡
׵Ļҵӡ䡱һ˲һƬհס
ˡȻˡ
ǱҸģ
һ̣Ҹоתôܽʵ
ҸԺһȷʵͦصģƵдƵӳ֣֮䣬ܹ侭
ǣҵʱֻʮзִģΪҺ˽⣬Ȼ΢򣬵ǵʱžģɵ˵Ӧòڴ±µ߶Ѧҵ˸ҽΣһ¶òɻָ
ôأ
ѵϻİˣԲŵ
Ӧðһֱа˵Ļ޷ʩչСɽ
ҾһƲҪ
һ̣ҵ˺ܶࡣ
ɵ㶵Ĳ˵ͻȻٺһЦ˵㻹ʲô˵ģΪصԱݣԶģҪʲôҪƱģǾ͸ȥʡصú˵˵ɣӲϵˡ
̧ͷף䵽׵϶ûкùӳˣҸгԹֵǣH֮ˣӦñصǵ߹ؽĴ
ӣûκ飬ˣֱȥֵܾ
ٳ̫ˣԶܹġ
һǲ˵ٴһ֣ԸŸʲôϽץ
˵ţǼصٴǰҪ֣Ȼʱȴǰһסˣ˵һȡ
ҿϣϴʱҲһΪѵɫߵҵߣ̾ϢһСŰ⺢ôô嶯ӲԸϷһֱ֪ôԸҲôصֱ֣ӽ˰ӿɽƽ̻˵ĶӣһӣҪǲһɽ췴˲ɡ˵¶ֵġϷҲûа취
һʹϧں޵ӣһϣģҲΪѵġ


1648 Ԯ
Ҿ϶飬߰˳ɵİվһƲҪп϶һڳ˱ʣŻŪһʰʰĵز
˵˽ңҵĳ̫ˣһʱҲ֪ĸҪԸңǰףҵĹھͲǳҲء
һĹϽֵСŰڻûжۣҲżǵǲԩһˣҲŹһˣһصĹˮʯ黹ǻתģģϷһϲ飬Բίġ
ҵ˵ͷҲֻˡ
ҷҪǿ뿪ĻûһܹסңǼһҲһܹɱһѪ·
Ҿòôĺǳء
һҶɱصˣͷǳˣԺ֮󣬽Ҳû׶֮أߵﶼҪܵص׷ɱҸаһصҲźܴĹڣڰΪУһûǿ󵽸Ϊеľ磬Ҳأһܹġ
ҲܽԼһֹԮľء
ߵͷǱٴһ£ܿصˣֱóҸˣ˻㣬ǻҹǬ˱Ҹժݸס
һΣҲûκεķǽҵϡ
Ǭ˱֮Уҵȫҵ˽֮⣬еķ棬ʦڡ
ⷨصҲõģΪǬ˱ֻҵܹ򿪣ҪͨһЩķͿھС
׽ӹǬ˱ңɵЩ̰ſۣŴһ£ָʹ򲻿
УǬ˱£ұǼص˼һұ˵ϣǬ˱ҾΪܰɣСӵҲģҵĶ
һ˵׶ʱˣ޺޵˵㶼ΪˣǰNɪɶɱһƫˣôţ
ţһҲʹһǰһףʱӦʮֵĿ£ΪѾɱһһٵĸ˵ϣûУ˵һ飬ҪȻŪ㣡
׻˵䣬һҵ۾ʱ㱻¶׹סˡ
߽ô꣬ɱûһǧҲа˰٣һʮŨɱ죬Щˣǲ˵ҡҾͲˡ
ҸҪȴһһѴ׵Ǭ˱ңЩĵĿһۣŵˣⶫŰɣϷΪܣһӦûʲôɣ
˵ţϱ㿴˴ʡصֵܾĴ쵼
ҲЩ飬ﻹЩҵģ±ص˶ˣ¸أȻΪܣȻûʲô
׻뷢쵼ˣҲͲֻǺ޺޵˵콫ߣ
˵գұ㱻صѺţдȥ
߳һ̣ҿһۣԴ˵ϣϣܰϵһүүʵ˵һ¾ͺá
̾Ϣһҵļ˵ӣģһ㰲ֵַģǧɱ𷸻밡ҪȻɶȲ㡣
֪ʲô˼һʱ벻Щص˶֣϶ҵı»ȫεġ
ҵ˵ͷٴθмĿһۣ㱻ЩصƳ䷿ӡ
ιץҵˣǱߴǴϾֱӹġ
߳˷䣬дĴԺ֮УִʱȻǰʱ֣ץҵֵĺܴдԺվˣ󲿷ֶϸҲսصĸ֣дʡŵЩǰǣʱұ廨Ĵ˳ʱסȥ·
ǰɽ˻ʯɽ㲨ˣǵвϤס
ô¶СϻΪ˴ʡƴɱʬնôĽʬû뵽صڶ͹ӲţСѸˣҪýЩǶģԴǵ˵
˵ĲǱǴʡصģλƴҪСѳ֣ڳλһ붼زˣϽˣҪȻǿɲӦ㲨ǰһ


1649 սȨ
λʡ֮쵱һվЩŸֶʱҪصˡ
У󲿷˶ҵĶݣ㲨ˣִʬϳиȳģѣ϶Թ۵ġ
ֵͷûôƵ顣
һʱȺ鼤ܣۿžͿҪƲסˣʱվ˳ƫƫһѻϽָͣ˵ٷˣһĶŲŰǶץص״ȥ
˵ãһ˵⻰Ⱥ߳ƵĵŸܵв±˽˳һλ׺ӵĵŭ˵ٷզˣţȺģôĿбǽǶץֽϱȸߵͣҪǲץǾث֣
ԹŽԼһȦӣ͢Ĺϵһǲզأֻʽˣڵĳ͢ǰĳ͢˲֪٣ЩҲֵַģУһ˽˵ĵߣǿ϶ǲܴӦ
ߣǿɶдµģһվһǷҲǳ͢Ϊɵģԣʱ򶼻ȡĲԣܲҲ϶ܵ
СӾǸɵȣʵǸ࣬ΪǳԵĵ治֪ڹٷδȥġ
ۿԽԽ⣬ʱվ˳˫һѹ˵λϵѣȲҪŭлú˵ҳϣϣͬ־ڶԸʬ˾ԵãҪû϶һ㣬Ȼνǹûһһ룬ϣնʬ֮ͬ־ɽƽ̵Ķ˽й֣ͬ־һЩӴˣΣڱ͵ĴҽԺ֮ûã˾ˡͬСɣɽƽ̻ŭҹٷҪһ𸴣δͬ־ȥʡصܾ֣Ҫͬ־Эһ£ûи֮ǰҲ½ۣλ£ҲȲѣҪɽһǡ
λʡŸһĻ޲һ֮˵ڶû׵׷ʲô顣
ɽƽ̵ĶӱҸɱˣ¶ȻǷͬСɣĻǷǳģһ㽫ɽ˳ɽǸéɽܹᲢ۵ĶţһҸɽΪأ
ҪߴʡŵЩ֣ԼŵҪɽһԲ˶ߡ
һ꣬۷׷ףҵֲһˡ
ʱɽٴ˵ӴԹ°κ˷һʼСѼ棬εСһֱãûһʶƶСѶ֣϶ͷǲ˵˵Ƕ˶𣿽˽һʱ֪˵Ӧھȡ˱ȶǵۣһֵղסⶼ֮飬¶ҪǸǰڽǹٷûʸȥܣڣٷҲôֽôһΣǹٷҪأѵΪɽƽ̵ĶӣɽɽȴƶСǽ˰ɡ
ܹ˵㻰Ҹжѡ
Ҹ˲Žʶû죬Ҳ̸жôĽ飬ȴΪңҹȻսɽȨûԤϵġ
˼Ȼ˵ҲЩģɽĵҲʮֵͬڻĶĵ֮һʵʮֵǿҲôѷɫɽ
п𽭺϶֮ŪûһȷѪ꣬Ҳ뿴ġ
˻һڣƺǼת¶˽ۣԼ׳һ㣬ǩ״һһ˽¶ͺðˣٷܲţֻ֮ܽ˽ﴦãˣɽѰұ㲻ôǿѹˡ
ɽƽҪѰҿ϶Ҳ·һ֮Ϊܶ࣬ҵûеս⽭϶ĸ֡
ŪЩ۸ˣЩŸֶסȥ·ҪصˣصֶŸѹϷţһʱþƱЩ֣ЩĵԾԾԵĿҪ֡
һ˫ǿ˴ӣ֪˶٣ܹȥ
£վ˳ɿһӵȺʱĸм֮飬ҳǰЩǰľһɫлλǰˣллǡ


1650 Ϊ
ٶڳЩŸ޲ݣһʱ䳡涼
̾ϢһɫСѣΪϵѿɶǿģ㲻ú£ƶɽҿĸҽߡ
ˣĺ⣬ˣֻ飬СЩӲģӺɷ򣬸ΪȻѾˣһ˳еãͲλǰˣܹȫصλǰѺȾơ˵
˵ݶˣλʡŵĸóһȻٶ
ֵһʰٳԱϵҲ뿴ġ
ױߵǼصѺңԺȥ
ھߵʱͣһ£ʵˣˣǿֵʲôˣ
һ̾Щ˵˵ǿǺӵܸӣ֮󣬾һֱԲѣʱΣգ⺢Ҳ׶༪ˡ
˵ͻȻһ£ӦðǿΪ˽ⲻȻʱ˵ĺأΣգҸѦҵҩסӦûɶ⣬ΪصҽԺЩϵĹͷϣ±ɻָô׶༪أ
ҸҪ˵ЩʲôߵױЩͷˣߴٵߣīˣنһ춼Ҫˡ
ûףǿˣɫˣʵҽβõĻҸƼһطɽҶѦҩ̣ҩ˵ǿѣһᾡҽεġ
˵˵ͷһ֣˵ƶ֪ˡ
⻰˵֮ұ㱻ǰ˼
һǸӾͱˣЩŸֵһ߸ϵζǱǱȻŵǷᣬΧЩʡŵĸһ
ʡص˵䣬ײ
ܿ죬˵Ŀ֮£Ժһ֮УﶼǷ֮лרſ̻Ϊķģ·ѣӶȥ䱸ǹɭϵġ
ҲܣܵĻ֮ǰһ̣ҾѾ˳ȥصЩˣûܹסңΪȻҲܡ
ұŵ֮׺⼸صרŸѺңǰ漸ǰ·һ·ҵ˴ʡʡᣬҲʡص飬ǵطʡΪܵĵطһֻҪѺǸطܹѳ
֮ǰȥصĵΣ֪ǵطǸʲôڣǱȹѺͨ˻ҪܰٱĵطֻӬҲɲȥ
ڳϵһԲѺҵҲһҵߣ
ӺܿˣڳϾ룬һڳ˱ʡ
Ǳ˲٣ǾԲһȫԿ϶ôĪأ
˵ʵһˣȷƢ̫һЩ汾еģӦòͳϴҽʬȳ֪ҵлɿһ
ֻĺʤ̫ǿˣҲǿҪ;һĸֵģ˳ԽĴڣ֣ȫĽ࣬һּ褺ĸпұȸߵͳŪز
һĻûУȫ˸ˣһ⡣
ҸΪǿôصˣΪʲôѲأ
ҵȰ˵͵ҶȥѦܺƳʲô߳Ӷҽãòˡ
ҵȫƣ˵ǲ˼㣬е֤ݶָңɱһ֤ʵˣҹѡ
ɽǧţڻĵнص鵱жžصĵλǹٷҵ鷳ɽһҲŹҡ
Ҿ¶ˣүү棬¶ҲѲá
Ψһܹıǣ֤ҵϣ
룬п϶˶ֽţҪ赶ɱˣء
һпôݵģŪһӾ޷ˡ
ڳϵң˺ܶ࣬ǾԴҲûȻ֪УͺͣʱҵԴϾͱһͷףȻ󱻼صѺţǰȥ룬Ѿ˴ʡصܾ֮С


1651 Ρ
֮ǰɽص龭Ĳ࣬ұͷ֮󣬺һܴĵط˺ܾã˸оǺܶ·Ȼͽһ䷿ӣһǵһĶǵݲߣһֱߣֻһΣߵʱͦɽصǸߵĵҪĶࡣ
룬϶һĵΣǷѵġ
Ҫӣֻһ·ǱͨݣطкܶڰأҪͻعؿһҪ֮иΪķģΪĸֿ϶Ҳġ
˵֮ұǼصѺţȻ˺óһ·ڼҲ˼䣬֪ЩصǲǹȦӣҴźɫͷףʲôһΪҲסˣ޷ͨųӦжΧʲô
֮һ¡¡Ƶ죬һȾ޴صűˣȻұ㱻˽ȥȻԴϵͷ׸
ϵҲ⿪ˣֻǻһΪĶЩͽͦģڵ֮л
ҽ⿪֮һص˵ţԺ㣬ʱ䣬ҪԺһЩʱ˸͹
˵仰֮Ǽص˱뿪˴˴ǵа׶Ÿ¹ˡ
ȥôţܴ򿪡
Щ֮ұĴΣαеҪɾܶ࣬Լʮƽ֮ȫǺ𽺵棬ģڵεһﻹһͰͰϵģǷķһʱ벻Ѱ˶̽
Ǳߣ϶ӦòѰͷôȥǣҾƺЩˡ
䲻ĵתһȦȻһƨ˴ϣ̧ͷһ۴ԼϵȻҲƵģһȦķģСܣҲ֪Ǻη˽ôСķĿϵģҲһա
Ŵ߶һֵܲһƬտҲһ᲻оֻҪһһĪ˫֮ӿԼѹȥˣﻹЩʹǷҪǿʹоͻӵܡ
ʿҲ治СӢۣȻܽⶫҲȷʵͦġ
ϻ֮󣬽ž˯ˣһֱ˯ص˳ҸߣǵˮδղǸص˵ʱжԣұ㳯£Ҫ˹
һ֣ڵηﴫ˶һǴͷϣһ˵ʲôֱ˵ͺá
ҳͷһͷиȣڷĸﻹͷصʮΣһʼҶûз֡
ȥүģ֮󣬻ⲻҵ˿һ˽ûˡ
ôͷţһЩڡ
Ȼ⣬һ˵ү͵ԵĹүˡ
ʲôǸص
ȥû뵽ﻹԼ±ᡢƣ˲ѣ𣿡
֣Щ϶ûУ㻹㵱үˣצʲôĵǹܹҪҪǸֵ
Ϊصͨʲôܸأ㻹ʸʲôóԵľǡҲͷ
ǸӦһ˵֮͵
ҹӣǴϴһ춯һСţ˽ʳǸСŵ˹˵ˡ
߹ȥ򿪣Ļʳֻռӣ⻹Сˣû뵽ǣȻŪһƿ׾ƣȻʲôþƣûкá
ҹܵգҪôкҪôϷһʱǿҡ
һҾûϵүүүү취ʵǲ鷳үүģҲû˰취֪¶֮϶ҲǳͷۣǸһ⡣
Ҳ룬ŴͷȻֱܻа취ģȻֱӾͽƴ򿪣˿ӣһ㣬ǼСȫˣȻһƱ˵
ճԱûãһʱ򣬾εűˣȻİ׳ҵǰ˵Ƶģһ˵Ҫˡ
Ȼ󣬱˽Ҹ˳ȥ


1652 Цص
δҳȥֽͷ׸Ҵˣ⴨ʡصֵܾĵι죬˵ǲϸĶԸߵĵط涼ǵˣΪЩ߲ѷɡ
ұһһȦȻͱһһϣȻ󻹽Ҹ̶棬޷ֺŽҵͷ׸ժ
ӦһѶңҵĶһųӶˣҾʶһ֮ǰɽصϴף˼ѾֵܾԱòˣټҲ̫˽⣬ҿǴʡĴ쵼ͦӣӦСȥ
Ҳɽװһϣź۾òЩΪǲߵӡ
һȥЩ΢֣۾СЩͺһݣеġ
˿ȥиʮ£ĺܣ񲻻Цӡ
ҵͷһյ۾İ׳ƣ˸оʮֵĲһֺǿѹȸУԼԼǸˡ
ոûãǸͺбеԲӣɿһλͬ־һ£¼
ҵ˵ͷû֨
ͷֵ
šӦһ
Ա𡭡
үģû뵽ȻҶʱ˵ҳĺŮǷֲ
ڰ참֪𣿻ըë˶ǴֹܾԱרŶӵġסһվָҵ
Ҳ֪զôĻҲû˵ɶ͸βƵġ
ӶɳףЦһףõָͷָңһָңǸ˷ͷϵĲݳı㶼ˡ
㡭㡭ĻðɣӺʱǸһֱû˵һס׵ĸ첲ȰҪôĻǶǹְԱһҪ£ͬ־ǽˣСҲú˵ܻ
ʱײһƨؿڲס
ӱɫ˵ͬ־ղҪҲǱ£ϣܹ£Ȼ㲻̫ϲ裬Ǿֱʡˣ㼸⣬ֻҪʵصͺˡݸǶ˵ҰһǳӲúõĸ˵ôŶУӲģҿ϶һס
ҿһۣû˵Ĭˡ
ݸǶЦųҵ˵ͷűصֽܾϢ˵ɽƽ֮Ӻܾ֮ǰйڣ֣û飿
ǵϢͦͨҸĹڻΪǿǧɽβŽӣ¶Ѿȥܾˣô֪ġ
תһ룬ҾüĿʱһģλʦ壬пܣǽ˵ȥġ
¶ҽƱ粻ãֻõ˵ͷ˵У֮ǰ֡
ݸǶ΢΢һЦһСдЩʲôȻŵܺõĿʼƽľ飬ܻһġǽڶ⡣
һ£΢ЦֵǲһԸаʬȻΪһִȻٴδ֣
ϣҸֵʱɽصĮڳһ£Һ֣Ҳ޷ѣҵ˵ͷҲӦ
ݸǶд˼֣Ȼٴʵʱ֣˴˶ɱ˶ԷӮˣƴһƣһѪ˵أ𣿡
ҵȻϣһ£ҵʱûҪɱȷҪɱңʱ˺֣ȻҸƴһƣȷЩģҪɱȫ֮һҵ
ô˵ʧɱ԰ɣݸǶ΢΢Цţһ˫۾ȴǷâ¶Ҳſĳԭһ￴ƺƣʵЦصգҪҳʧɱ̣һҳ飬ǰ϶֤ôı䲻ˣʱôҶ˵㣬֪ܲЩ
ɫһ࣬ɫҲʧɱ߽ôֵ꣬¶зִģһƸҪҲ֪ôģǿɲܿտڰģҵͷϡ
֤֤ڣ㻹ǱʧִģѵɱĲɣͺг


1653 ֤ɽ
ͺеͱ֮£ҵ۾ǰҳ飬Ǻø潻ǵɵ¶ˣȴ֮С
¶ͲܳϣһͻȻʲôǱҴˣһҳϣҾûдʵҪ֪ԭίܼ򵥣ߵһ취
˶һۣͺеʲô취
ص϶˶л֮ûãǽĻǸһʱ֪˵һƱˣԣǴñˡ
ͻȻðһ뷨Ȼ֪ôл꣬ȴ֪һֶΣȻȥظ֮˵ֶκ鷳һصֶεġ
ͬСɣغɽǱߴѹǻðһԡ
ٴζһۣݸǶҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ͬ־˵뷨ûãǱѾֹùл֮ǲûʲôЧҲ֪ǿԼʶִҪ뿪ĻҪܶ࣬ǵʱжлĸڳܹסֻϧ̫ͻȻˣ˭ûз֮Ҳҹлĸֹȥ̽ȥǸлΪʡصΪлʦȴһ֮󣬻ʯ󺣣һӦûУѾûʲô˰ɣֱӱ˾ȴֻء
û뵽Ȼһֽˣûκ
Ҿܣǲģǿ϶ҲңĸԸĽֻأԽԽˣҸоп϶¶
ұֵʱɽص鳤Įһص˽ͻҽԺģô˵
ǻô˵֮ǰǾѾĮ˽ˣ˵ֱ֮ӽˣ˸͵ҽԺûã˾ѾˣʬŷľϣѪȷΪܵĳɱġ
Ǹͺ˵ţһ֮󣬽ֵ㻹ǸϽ˰ɣе֤ݶָɱٽƱûκô
ҳĬˣΪҲ֪˵ʲôˣΪʱ˵ʲôãұֳĬ
ǼҲݸǶһдšʡֽ˹ݸҿһۣ˵㿴ӣûʲôʵĻǩ֡
ҿһдĶÿһֶҲһдҳʧɱĹʣôǩ
ƺϵ̬ȣݸǶ΢΢һЦǹʸֵ㲻ǩҲԣʵǩǩĶһҲй£һ³ѡ
˵ţݸǶſڴһ˵ˣѺȥ
ţŴ򿪣ɽװ˽ҴͷףȻٵѺȥ
ʱұ㱻±η֮УǸη֮С
»صطҾȻһֻ֮С
ηѾΣֻһɽǣһڴʡ
ÿһνԭ򶼲࣬ɱˡ
˿̣ĿʼЩˣǺ϶Ҿɱ֣ôжˣҲ֪ᷢʲô᲻ֱӽ͵ȥ״
һ뵽ҾͷۣҺҲ˲Ը񣬵Ϻ֮ʱǲһʹ֣Ҫүү֣϶⡣
ҪǱؽƿ϶Ҳûɶùӳԡ
ҿ϶Ǳԩģ͸Ҷҿ϶᲻
ѵģģҪ浽һСүֱӾͷȥԺĺǣСүȥɡ
Сү͵͵ܻ̩һݣӣһӶˣҵҪôš
ҲֻԴһȵ뷨ҵİ軹éɽҪˣүүҪ־أ
ֻҪˣⱲӾͲ岻ףܵڰ׷ɱ޷
ǲҺֻ·һ
˿̵Щᣬڵ֮˺ܶܶࡣ
Ҳ֪û֪ͨүүǱܸܲЩ취
ˣһֱãҲЩˣƣֱ˯ˡ
һ˯֪˯ʲôʱͻȻηŴһ춯ʱ̱žҺܿηſڿȥ
һҪſھȻվһϤˣǸүүȻֱҹˡ
ֻҿүүʱԵЩȻ۾ﲼѪ˿Ҳûյϡ


1654 Ͼձ
үү󻹸żˣһΰƽЩǿѺҵϾֵˡ
һүүҵǰҲ˵ʲô飬ĶЩ޷Գˡ
һҪүǰᱼ
ǿүӴ˿Ŀɣ۾ȫѪ˿ӣ⼸үӹƶûкۣȫΪҵ顣
ҽүӻһˣɼ̬Ѿӵʲôز
˺һź֣үү
үӵ˵ͷ˹ΰƽ
ӣܿˡүүڿ֮ôһ䣬Щ֪룬֪ô½ˡ
үүҡҸҪ˵Щʲôүүһ֣ҵĻ˵˵㣬ǻһط
˵գүүתʾҸŹȥ
ΰƽһֶû˵ֹֻҵļһο
Ҹүү󣬸ߵſڣֵܾɽװס˵ȥ·һɽװͻȻվֱӣЩη˵׳ҵϼԸˣ뿪ӡ
үүüͷһвãŵæͷȥ
ʱΰƽǰһͻȻóһźͷļǰصһ£ص̽ѯֱӸ̸ļǿһ¡
̧ͷһļһ仰û˵ÿһ·
ΰƽ·Ҵ˲ԶһطЩصһϢңһȥΰƽš
֮ΰƽ߶˼ȦȻӵĸ˼ߵүүߣС˵ֳҶˣһ
үү˵ͷΰƽˣֱӳӡ
ΰƽ֮Ҳһ˵үүҲã˼Ҳˡ
үү˰֣˵ֲ㣬֮ǰҴкǾҵɲŹģСӸɵĲ˵ʬʬĽʬˣûҶˡ
˵ұЩ޵ˣүӻĺá
ĬƬ̣үͻȻ̾ϢһСŰүү֪ˣһʵɽƽ̵Ķӣǲɱģ
Ҿ֪үү϶ôʣ±үүɱģҿȫ϶ҵʱֻɴ²ǿ϶ģҪ˵ڡ
үү˵ͷ˵Ҿ֪Сӿ϶зִ磬ҪȻôĽͰ׻ˡ
үү⻰ƺʲôתұүүϾֵɱ¶л𣿡
үүɫ粻һûӦôǣŵСŰڵ֮үүҲ֪ô˵֮ڵĴΣգүүҲЩ޲ߣŬҶŬˣɽǱ߸Ҳʩ˺ܴѹǾֻһĿģǾֱɱ㣬㵽ǲɱ׶ҪΪ֮ǰҪ϶Ͳүү˵𣿡
Щɽ֣һʱ仹̫
үүֵ鷢ڴʡĵؽϣϾֵصܣ˵أڽصһ㲻֣Ƚ⣬ΪǴʡصǹģڴʡصƤӵ£ɽҴʡصҪ˵ԣͲܹڽһжصܣǹؼˣ֪صֵܾĸ˭𣿡
ҡҡͷʾ֪
үӽ˵Ҹ˵Сӿ϶֪³һ˼ҽܣϴ³Х죬ӦúϤɣ
һᵽˣҶʱһ㶣̫Ϥˣ³ܴһרȥǸ³鷳ĶĳˣǸ³ͷҲҺͻдһ٣ͦģǸХҲʶ³ֶ浱ʹ𣿵ǽ³ֶʱ򣬽ΆɱˣХҲҸŪˡ
˵һ˵үүɫ
˵֮үӲŵܵУи϶ڹٷֵܾľֳүүͬȼ˽ձ壬ӣֱӽӸӻˣүүһ涼ѣǴҪ˵˵СУܹʲôùӳԣ
ôǵùߵģҼǵܵһڳ͢ģһֱûе¶ºˣ³ռҵӽ̫ˣɱǼǼϴ϶ĵң


1655 о
룬ֲܹԵĿһڳ͢һǺܴ쵼ڻаһصҲķˮϴ͸˵ˣĳֲҵУ׬Ǯ飬϶ԣռܲķˮǲаˡ
ҵϰ£ʱүүٴδҵ˽ҪԵľƻģһҲò㣬ձĳɽҸɽƽ̻˻ʦֵܵĹϵ飬ɽƽ̻˿϶ձкһҪأǻսپ˽˰㶨´ӻкܶɵ㣬ǿ϶ȣҪСģԷ˶ڱº֡
治֪үүҵģҵģôһ˵ҸоѾͶ··һˣûκη̵Ļᡣ
ƺǿҵɻүүֵСŰѾ룬Բִ£˵Ҫɵ㣬ӺãпܣյĽҪʱѺпأүүȫ֮ٸԩܲ򵥣Ѿһ˵ˣǺüڽ𣬰ӿɱķүү켣ȦȽҪնһүүҲý̫ԣһ©үүɴñûˣ͸޷סȫ𣿡
֪ˣүүҵ˵ͷ
ͻȻʲôүүп˭ڱ󵷹
үүһ£һŵүүҲ˵ĳҶ࣬үүĳҲ٣Ҳп˸үүר鷳ⷢҲδ֪үүȦ֪жҪƵأﶼû졣
˵үүɫһݣսңʮ֣صٴС˵СŰһΣʱ̣ҲԲȡֶΣֱӿɡ
ҳһû뵽үôˣȻҲ˵Ļ
үүҿ֮ȥİСػص
ȥĶãҸʮεĵطүүģȸԩ֮ٻǧ䵽صУҪǧסһ飬ܿԣǧҪصеһɱ˹ٷˣȫͲһˣʱүүҲȲ㡣үүɫ
Ӧһʾ֪ȴĺܣЩΪķôܰһʩչ
үүѾǵˣֱӴһҩݸҵ㽫ҩˣ֮ڣεЩΪķʱҲⶼĴ㣬ĴȥĻʵʵĵţүүᾡġ
ҽӹҩ裬ֱƬ̣õ֮һȣܿƽϢ룬ֵүүʶһˣʮֿɿǸ˽ǿɽƽ̵ͽܣֻˣһֱûѹ˵˵ǿ͵ҶȣѦҵλүƣǿ֪еһЩǸһߵġ
үүӦһ˵õģһȥġ
Ҹүү֮үүһӣȻٴαѺǸη֮С
ҸոսȥʱүүͻȻֽסңһͷȥүүһ֣ص˵СŰһҪסүү˵ЩúչԼ
үүġӦһȻη֮С
ҽȥ֮үү͸ΰƽˣͻȻЩġ
үүԹҪѾҲ޷ƿصĵزԼչԼҪǷϾֵ˶Ұ¶֡
Ѿõˣүүҳǿҩ裬Ҹղһ£Ѿܹˣûʲôܿɶмڣҵһһ
Ҫľֻеȴȴδ֪
Ȼ⼸ȴһֱƽÿһ˹ͷҳԱ˯˯˳ԣû¶ʱͿʼϸϸĥ콣˺ϴ辭зš
һֱ˵ʱηŲٴα򿪣Ȼص˽ҴͷףҸ˳ȥ
ΪϾֵҪңȻûУϾֵ˴˺ܳ·Ȼ˵ݣһֱߣʱҲ׹Ҵ뿪ʡص֣֪ҴʲôطҲпҸطֱӽҸɱˡ
Ĵ߶Χų仯ʱ̷˻Ҳ
˵ֱ֮˺ԶȻҾгŴ򿪵


1656 
ŵ죬ұߵ˵Ҫȥģ
ѺҵҾľͷֱӾͽҸ˳ӡ
ǵ֮дľˣҸֲҹԴֱˣ뿴һΧĻû취
ʵҲ˴ŵĲ²⣬ǽҴ޷ֿܡ
һҸû˵ĵطҸˡ
ڶүү˵Ǽ飬ǽѺҹѺ
Ͼֺɽ˼ҪŪңҲĿŵڴʡصܾ飬ҪǱ׼Ǳ˸˺֣ôҲҪһڣһطܰŪ
ʵеֿܣȥİ취Ū֮Ҫɱңҳְ취ɳ˷ʤ
ڣүүϴιҳһЩҩ裬Ҳ׸⣬ֻҪ춯ұܴԼ趼ϲ
Ӻܿˣĳһ򻺻ʻ˹ȥ
ȻӿûãűͣˣȻ˴򿪳ŵ졣
ֳϣǸʲô׵
ûʲôҾǹһСӷô飬ԺϷ࿴ƶˣҲǸСԶԶ˵
ϣҲ֪ϾյҪҲǸΣյҿûǲҪ˰ɣ֦˵
ʵϸ֮ҲкܶڵģֻǱֵĲ̫԰ˡ
ûʱһ˵ǴʡصľֳףϾͼһ棬˵仰ܲܿҵϣǹȥ̸̸˵仰ߡ
ֳҲӣ¶治УǻǻȥɣʱҲˣܵǵг̡˿Ҳͨڡ
ʱЩõһףҴʡصֵܾĵ̣ҵĵطôӣǲЩ˵ȥˡ
ֳ
׸˵ЩʲôһˬʵЦʹ˹ķǸҵͺ
ֳôܲӣȻȥһ棬Ǿȥɣʱ䲻̫ӹ˰ɣ
˵ǷģϾ򵥵ģ˵ߡ
һ䣬ҽžнŲ˹Ȼĳű򿪣³
Ȼûȥһ˫סҵӣţҸо˵ָԼٶȶ˼£·Щ
ѽòá³ȥıá
ϵסҵᣬɫĳҵ·棬ܿ죬һʮϤϢҸӦˡ
ղҵĶǱģҵǬ˱ҡ
ܹӦǬ˱ʦֵϢɸо̫Ϥˡ
֪ΪʲôʱҪˣֻһĿģǬ˱һҡ
֪ΪʲôҪôѵ֪лʲô飿
үүϵҲ֪ڵ
Ͻ¸˳Ҳ˺ϣҵļ˵СŰ⺢ӣϷô˵أأȷ̫嶯ˣϷҲܹ⣬һ嶯ͲƽϺӺɷ򣬸ҵȻˣԼҪеúõϼ꣬˵Ժ󻹻гͷ֮ա
ϸ˵Щǻӣ֪ܲϵЩ͸¶һǳҪϢǾѺҪȥ±˵л㣬Сһǽ̻塣
ֵСŰ·ϻŵҪעⰲȫʲô⣬͸Ա˵ǿ϶ġ
ϵ仰ɲһҪעⰲȫҪң·ϿܻʲôʣǻҲһЩ޷ƣȽ׸һ
˵Щ֮ϼ򵥵ıٴθҺ˼䣬ûôģױûвͷˣߴϺϽ뿪
Σֻøҵٴ·עⰲȫ
˿Ϲ֪һЩʲôĻŻǿ
ұϾֵ˸ٴοм䣬ղڸ˵ʱȻǬ˱ҸתƵһȫĵطЩҵ
ûãӱˣʻȥһʼӿĲ죬ڿһСʱ֮ӦǳˣӶȻͼӿٶȣڳﻹЩ㷲֪Щ˸ʲôֶʰҡ


1657 ·
һ·֮ϣڳϵ˶ܰҵԴϴͷףǸ˵ʱûժҲ֪ﵽжˣʻ˴ԼĸСʱʱͻȻоЩ̫ԾߵһǶƺôƽˣǸǶˣҲ
ϢͷųһЩͨųӦΧı仯ŷڳڡ
ĪЩ˾ͻȻĽ˵Ҫ
˵ʵ˿̵ҲЩţΪҲ֪ǻʲôıݺҡ
Ȼ䣬һɲͻȻͣȻұ㱻˳һץסңҴӳѺҲûиоϵɱԲûз
˽Ҵ˳֮һξͣԴϵͷױժһ˻Դ۾һʱǺڵģҵΧһȦˣб׺ϾָѶҵͺкݸǶ
ұΧм䣬Ϻͽ϶ųصĽһܹסΪķ
ЩΧҵѾ˷һǹָң˲䣬ҾҪʲôˡ
׿һۣٺһЦͻȻ˵û뵽ɣСҲн졣
ʲôҹŵĿһֿۣһߵͺкݸǶ
ٴһЦʵʲôѵ֪
ҵȻ֪ǿɶǹٷˣӦòɣһص
˵ͬʱٴγɨһۣұһɽҰ֮УڵطĲԶͣʮӦöǸרѺҵˡ
ƬڣȷǸɱԽĺõط
ڳǻ˺ܶҪԸҵİ취ȴû뵽ǻ˵ֱˣ⵨Ҳ̫һЩ
˼ˣרһ̵ģ֮ǰ㻹ʲô˵𣿡ݸǶ΢Цſҵ
ҪɱңϾֵľҳʵ
ͺ΢΢ٺһЦصҲϾֵľɣҪ͵ѺģȲˣɽĻҲȲˣϾҪɹֲǡ
ѵͲүү׷ǵΣҼ̽
һۣЦ˵ʲôµģһжǰչذ¶Ѻ;У˵򼱣Ƿ³ˮǲ֪ģͻȻҪηǱӣǺüˣ׼ķˣֻܲȡֶΣ㵱Уɳ䲻֣
жҲ̫һЩȷǺܹãǰ㣬Ҫңܻиְ취˷ʤ
ҳûΪŵˣٴ˵ϾҪˣûʲô˵ģûеĻ̾·
˵⻰ʱԱߵһʹһɫܿһɽװеǹ׼ҵţһ˱ա
ȵȡлҪ˵ҵ
ʲô˵ɡ׵ɫ
Һ֪ôģǲŪģȻҵϣʵ
ʵĺãҲֻ֪֪Ȼ͵ҽԺ֮ˣôģǻˣˣ֮󣬿Եظȥ˵㡣
˵գ׹ЦһСȻֹͻȻ֣
˵仰ʱұһ˲ʹ߶ٰ˲ֶΣܿǿǹԶĵط
һǹ쳹ʣ䡱һ죬Զŵķ죬ѻ¸µĽ
ڶȻתƵ׿ĵطǸǹˣΧߵȫɵˡ
ΪһǹҵԴͻᱻӵ忪ԽӶܷɳȻʬ
ȻûУֻһ˿ǹ֮ǰ㿪ˡ
һǹ󣬲Զͣ·ϵʮȫͬһʱ򿪣ܿһȺȫװļһ
Щ˵صĸ֣ҲԲʵֱǹе첽߳˹
׺ͺе˺ܿ췢˲ԶңһȫȵŴ͡
⡭ôܣϴΪ̾ߣô߶ģ״ʧɫ
㲻˵ҷˮʱ򣬲֪ôЩȻ˵ĲҪߵĴ㣬֮ǰҵúݺݵĽѵһٲУҪȻСүʲڶ۾һУеĽ㱻˳


1658 񹭷ɼ
걻Ҽ֮ȥסֽŵͽһȥһƬӣɢŽ
˫˫Ŷ޷ʹȫߣסֽŵͽͨ߸ֲĴ죬ӦһһȥҲֻһĻڣûнȫնϡ
ҪڶʱѾˣǱߵ˽ǹڶ׼ң߶ʮһ㳯ҿ˻ֻٰͨ˲ֶʱӱܣ˳շ䣬ϣǰ赲ЩҲϴӵ
ͬʱߵЩһ߿ǹһ߳߿ٵıЩԭ·ϣѺҵˣҲ첽߱˹
һкߵЩ˳ҿǹһ߾ֵĴ˰ˣϼԵУ
һȥǻ˵ãԶԶģЩԲʵֱͳҿǹ
ǿɶѵصǹ֣鷢ӵಡĳҴ˹Ҫǰмϵţͱѡ
ӿֲǣЩѺҵ˵У϶вصĸ֣ҪǱǸΧˣ޷Ҳһ
ǼڵģҪӳȥҲЩѾ
үүȻһҩ裬̾߶Ϊƣҵֽţ򲻿ĻӣҵжҲɺܴš
үүҲûҸô̾߰
ˣԭųʰһףһڶòȥ㡣
ʵĲЩЩˣصˣǹٷˣȲаһصǶа̺ˮʥ̣ԸЩˣҿ޼ɵ˵ɱɱһɱ˻Ĺٷˣ¶鷳ˣ㲻ΪİӣҲӡ
Щصˣ󲿷Ҳǰ£ǺܲģҲƽ޹ʵҪǵ
֮ǰүүҲ˵һҪЩɱ֣ҪȻ
̫ˣǿŪңŪǣȴ֡
ԣֻһ취ǾǾ뿪Щ˵׷ɱ
Ҵ߶ٰ˲һͬʱתϵֲٰ֮˲ա
ˣЩҲв׷ǹһֱûͣವĴ߲ͣķɹֻܽһϷں󱳴Ҳϵ
Уҿصĸϼһֶκǿ׷ҲǺ񶮵һéɽзķţֱһ磬һתͷĹǱһһ׵ľ룬һڲϵ̡
Щǹ˲ʤ䷳Ҳòһϣұ¶ԡ
ҺܿӦ֮Ͻ˲ľ֮ĻĲ賤סЩ󲿷׷ҵ׷ǼصϼһҲЩĲľס˽ףǺܿƽˣ׷
ʵҿӵĸģֻֽ̫ˣٰ˲ֶҲŴۿۡ
Ҳһͷֻƴӣ˿ͣ١
ҷ񱼵ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һ߽һ죬һЩ׷ɱ׷ɱô̡
ڿ֮࣬һͷһۣǸͲʲô߽ţص鵱еһϼһóһѹһѷɼҹգһ߷
ȥүⶼʲôˣôϵı
ΪǱʵȻ˼ǷұܵĶǻûж㿪һôҵĺϣȻѿǵ϶ʱѿҲǷɽ˳ȥڵϹ˺üȦ
ǹ֮ϲ֪ʲôΣһĿ꣬žըѿ
ҵûôˣǾö죬ԴЩתϼһĹǱǹʹˡ
ҷ𣬽϶ֳһλֻһҪǱУ϶ˡ
Ǻæ˽꣬ʩչ콣нߵһʱ仯ǧӰֻɼססˣķɼ죬Ȼƽǽߵ󽣻˻ҵС
УܰɣӲ
ֻҸվûӵɽװļһͶСˣʮ꣬Ŵͷͷ΢Щףסҵȥ·
һ˵Ͽֿ־ܣҪȻֻ·һ


1659 ַ
үģѾСүƵ·ȥˣֿһЩѺҵ˻֪Ļһҷֿ±ǸȥȻһְ취ŪңҾòı͵ȥ
ǰ˵סҵȥ·Ҳֱӷסǰҵ·еķȫңңָҡ
ϻ̾ߣŽ꣬תͷĹǼˡ
ڵҲ͸Щʹû˶òľ֮Ԧľ˰ᵽϣҪǹٴνҸΧˣǲ鷳
վԭһƬ̵Ĺ򣬽һ˵پһ飬̵ֿͲҪǶʹɱˣ
Цһ˵һʹɱ֣Ҳ׵ϣǵϣ벻Сү֮أǽаʬƴƴһ³Ҫٷݺôûˡ
һ˵Ǽ˶һ㶣񹭵˵˵һĸݺˣ
ɱȫݺˣڸղţǸ˵Ҵ˳Ҫһǹңûа취ˣҪȻԴͿˡҳ
ĸ˵ı鶼ЩԾȻЩ̫ҵ˵Ļһֵҳԣҽ׸ԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱ㣿
Щ˿˵ͨˣҲٸǶ˵ɫһ˵ǼҪң
ְڣòӣʵҲͦΪˣǶԸһصǶǵĺˮʥ̣㶼һصĺӣǲΪѣֻҪֿܷǼ˿Ա֤İȫ͵񹭵ļһֵ
Ͷ࣬Ҳ̫һЩܽҵڼزʶϣһǸһģֵΣ
ĹѾ۲һս֣ҵĸ˵һһеĽ꣬Ȼٰ˲ͳɱ˹ȥ
һ֣ļ˶ʱַнñӣһõģüɱҵǸõļһߣűһѳӳҳ˹Σʱ̣ٴζٰ˲ȻȴһЩǱӷһը죬ûҵϣȴһ²סҽϴĽȻôһҵӾͷ˳ȥ˸˵ϡ
⣬ϴŵǰ²Ҿҿ϶ⶫϣ˵ıһҵĽϣҾ֪Ҫ군ˡ
Ҳûзֿӹڵ֮æǸűӵ˺նһ̡
һ콣ɨǧʽҲģһݺ˵˫źն˳ȥˣǸñӵļһҲûзеıӣǽżһ棬ڿն𣬶ȥһ
ҿһĹ⼸ҲУǸ񹭵ļһ׼ҵķ򣬽žͷһ߽һ춯ŵͷƤЩ飬æٴδ߶ٰ˲һ˹ȥҸոմ߶ٰ˲˲䣬ǷɼҵԣȻһը죬һϮֱӽƷ˺üͷ
ͲһҾͱǷɼУɥˣӵһҲǷɼ˲˼˿ڣѪֹ
ҷӦǸñӵļһٴ͵һҸķһϣҪ£ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣæе˳ȥô˽ߵȥסǼɱļһ
⽣ߵһʩչ콣ӰǼ˸ߵǣûһͻȻԶֳ˼ˣһһߴɱˡ
˵ĲǱˣ飬߻ͺкʹ۾ӡ
ĸһҶøˣټǼҾ͸Ƕˣզ죿
ؼǶǻɱ֣̫һЩ
д󾪣Žס˵Ĺ⾰æȥ⿪סҽıӣűӵļһ϶ɵĽ⿪ֻûӣ˱˼ڵת˼ȦǱûн⿪ԽԽˣҵ˫Ҳסˡ
ԶԶĿģͻȻЦ˵ܵϾֵУҲӲǵָɽ
ǳұжңѵ


1660 
˿ұñӵϼһסˣֽҲãʱ״ϾֵȻϵһҵĽǰ˵ֱһѶУͳҵĿ˹
ۿǰѶоҪҵؿڣа̾һӡ
ɾڴʱϵ鷢ˣǶϾҪҵؿڵʱ򣬲֪ͻȻһ׵ϣֱŶеֻһѪŽеذ׽ű˵ϡ
ͬʱ׷һҺæ
Ŀû뵽֦ڣȻ˹ң˭أ
ûӦһ紵ȻҵǰͶһˣ֮󣬻ֱһƣƷʮֵۻ룬ʹӵϼһ˺ü
Ȼ䣬ϼҵıֱӱնأƾճֵľһץס˱ӵĶϿڴһ˦֣㽫˦˳ȥұǱӵ
ҹڵ֮ܿǸͻȻֵ˿ȥһɽˡ
һʲôɽ㣬һͷ׷̫ţõѶ̵Ūһ㣬ߵϾֵļһ˳ȥȻһΣ㵽ҵߡ
̫Ÿһվá۵һ춯ҵĽ걻Ǽϼһ˹ҵС
ٴζ̫ſһۣϸһָۣʶɻʵλ˼ңǺηʥлȡ
˵⻰ʱﻹ룬̫̫꣬Ÿүү࣬Ѳүүóֱ֣ùˣ
ͷֻһ֮䣬ܿ챻ҷˣүүˣãôҲø֪һǣ
̫Żͷһۣûƣȫӣһ˫۾ܴʮֵͨ͸һʮֵĸо
̫ų֣ĸصĸ֣׵ٴνΧһΧȦС
Ѫֹ֣޺޵̫ţٷ׽ҪҲҹܣǲǻĲͷˣһϽ֣̫һ׽סҽһԵɱ
ٷǲǾͿԲˣֻǿܹ£ЩŹƤļһٻһѵ㶼βͶˡ̫̫һʮɳƵ˵
λǰߵǸ˵ȷǹٷ׽õҪٳֹٷ׽õķˣҪˣ뿪üǾ͵ûз顣񹭵ϼһȻ乭׼ߵ̫̫Դв
֪׽õķˣ¶͹ˣ⼸·ɫʲô¾͸Ͻʹɡ
ಡǴ乭ϼһû̫̫ѻ˵ֱ꣬Ӿͷ˼ֱ̫̫˹
˼Сģֻ죬Ǽͷɵǵǰ̫̫Ǻ֣е䵶һǷļ㱻˳ȥͷ׵ĵطȻը죬ŵ˷׷׺ˡ
̫̫æת
ûƬ̵ԥұ㽫˫ָ˳ȥ̫̫˫ַһӲʱֱӾͿʮֻһǴ磬Ȼ۵һ˫ֵӱӦϡ
ֻǸոնϵ̾ߣ˴˰̫̫ʹһѣұ㷭ڵأ̫̫Ҳڵϴ˼
ڴͬʱ̫̫˫ɣֳ˵Ľݺ˼ǽҲӦϡ
һ̣Һ̫̫ͬһʱ̶ӵ
ңųһ
룬үģڽˡ
ûֽŵɽͻƾǰ⼸ϣǲʰġ
ʱ䣬ؿһֱһڿԷйһˡ
ҿһߵ̫̫˵˼ңֵĽˣĸ϶ң㿴ɺã
̫̫һûֱӾͳȥҲֱӳɱҵĸϼһ
ڳǵͬʱҽзӡǼͷųһЩٶȺ϶ࡣ
ҪսپٶȽǼ˶ſ¡
һӭҵǸõļһٵĸҹ˼Уһٰ˲Ȼһдƴĺ󱳣Ǽһﱻһķ˳ȥӾҵķϸСĵϵĹ
Ȼ˱㵹˵ϣҲûվ
һ̣緢˷һ㣬Լٶȶӵ˼£תۼ䣬ǸýļһҲһ߷˳ȥ


1661 Ҫɱɱ
ʣϾֵĸ֣һͣ⿪֮һɷˣϱֳη֮ɫսˣеĽ·ɣкüζϣҲֻģȥʱ̸ԼһҪƺԼܶʹɱ֡
ĸ˺ЩѲ֮ǰҸɷ֮󣬱Щ֧ˣĽ֮£ϱƵĽڽڰˡ
ȻҳŸĺܽעȫеĽϵʱȻ䣬Ǭ˱һѦС߸ҵлɢͷĳ˹ȥ
һƬҲо˲ԣͬʱȥϻմȾЩɫķĩ
ؼ˿֮Ǹ񹭵ļһﻹʵҲ̫ˣȻö
ٱҲûϾֵ˱ɣͻᰵº֡˽꣬ǻ˹ȥ
˽Ųһ٣Ҫٴγұ΢΢һЦһֵҵ
һ䣬ֻǳǰһȻԵ˵ϣҺܿǰеĽù˲ϣ׺ݵ˵֮ǰʲôý𣿡
ùϼһɫ죬ȻǱҵľٶˣˣɱҪʲô϶ᱻĵصͨĺҲû֮ء
ҲҵһЦ˵вңӦ֪ҵĽڻţǽɱħµûһǧҲа˰٣ǼѾ׷ɱˣҲͲںˡ
Ǽһ촽һǳױŻˣɱħڻţǴһصǱߴģĵһа̶ηЫķĸвµġ
ƺ˵Щʲôջû˵ֱӱ۾һĺ
ʱҷЦˣýļ˱۾ʱ򷴵ЩҪɱɱαϷˣң
ǲʣҲܲ壬Ҿ͸ѻˣԲɱģҳԩѩҲɱ֣ԼȥҡУղǸӵȷҪȡҵҪӡһ˵
Щˣһ仰û˵
һ£ҽֵУپһΣĸˣҿһΣǾԲеڶΣڶٱһɱǡ
˵գұҴڵص˱˹ȥ˶ҴˣҲûɶսȫлɢˡ
ʰĸ˵ʱ̫̫Ҳʮֵ£ͺлǴ۾ȻڵأֻСתͷˣƺŵ绰һߴ绰һӡ
ڴˣǺ޵޲һ
ΪԴӼǰ֮ҸʲôӦǾ仰ԩ·խ׵ļһﲻѣһҪŪң
£һʮٰ˲һӲĹ⾰ұ㵲׵ǰ档
Ѿֻ˫һѶнŽֻڲͣķЩʧ˵⡭㡭㵽Ҫʲô
ʲôѵ֪ŽһһĳױϾŽͣţһһ˵㡭㲻ǹٷˣɱң϶Ҳˡ
Ŷ֪ˡɱҵʱǶôţһҿݵЦţŲɲͣ
ʱͻȻһƬŲͬʱҲо˾޴Σգæһ˵˵ϣӸոյ£мӵҴ˹
գ϶ЩѺҵֱص׷ˡ
ҷڵصʱ򣬶Ȼ͸оһɾ糯һȻ׾ذ׳Ҵ˹һĵ棬Ȼһɨȹȥ㽫׸߷ڵء
СЩֶΣǼǰǸӣǰҶǶ֣˵ˣղŻ͵Ϯңֱ
ҲſڵϣˤһףҽŴ߶˲ľ֮ԦľЩĲסЩ˵ӣ˴ԼһӵĹ⾰ٴ̧ͷȥЩԮȻٴαĲסҲƵģһ˴ӣŷ
ҲſףСſڵϣɪɪϻһɺŨɧζ
ҵţСӾȻҸˡ
϶ãһҪɱɡ


1662 רθֲ
ղҪɱҵʱǹţͱˣһΪ״ҲǸ벻˿ſڵϣɪɪŵ˿ӵģ
⻹ûж֣ͱˣʱҾЩȻȤԸث֣ʵûʲôս
ҵǱȽϲӲܼͦһҲˬһЩ
ˣҲŹףֱ߹ȥһקסӣһһ̫̫ߡ
̫̫Ҳͺк۾ӸʰˣеѵֱǵĲϡ
ߵмĿһλ̫죬Ȼ㽫ֱӶ˵ϡ
ײҿſﻹǲҶ
һˣž
ҽ˳Ĵȴһ£׶ʱһҺ˫֣ʹİҪɱҡҪɱҡˡǧҪɱҰ
ﻹţһӾͳ˹ȥֱһƺߣݶ˼ţٴ˵˵ϡ
ҹ£еĽָס
׾˫֣ﻹڲͣѪ첻˵ҹ¡͹£ֻҪɱңҸʲôɡ
˵ţױӵųŲ˹ȥǹһš
ȫ֮ҴͷββͷһӾ˦˹ȥ࣬沿
ʱ䣬ҶͱһŻһֱûзй⼸˦ȥһˬ˵á
׵˵Ҳƹˤˣ򲻻֣ڣλȻЩ̫
Ǵ۾ӣ˦֮󣬱̧ͷݺݵ˵̫ˣҪɱɱαǣ
˵꣬ҽžžӹȥڱѪ۾˳ȥ
㡭˵
ǼӣͷԣðǣԴҲ˵
ûԼ۵İƣʵ
˶û̧ͷң۾רθֲ֮ǰ˵ⳡһҹġ
콭ʲôʱԹĴβѪѪǷһߣұ㻹һɡ
˸ղŲһŪңҪүүҵǿҩ裬ЩΪ̾ȥãҵʬ嶼ˡ
⼸˵ʱһԵλ˼ҵɫǺܺãƿֶЩڱˡ
ȴ֪⼸˸ղŶʲô
Ǵ֮ҽٴߵ׵ߣף̧ͷ
һ̧ͷңһѪѪģͦҡ
ףһҺ֪ϴݺҵʱΪʲôûбؽʲôϾֵԱܸܲҽһ£
׵ϾֵľֳձҽСӣǼ֮ұְͣһ࣬ȷͷȥ֮ҽ㽫ҸŵϾ֡
ܺãϲϵ̬ȣһһҪ㣬ֻҪʵĻشҾͲɱ㡣ٴ˵
ʡʣֻҪ֪ʲô˵ɫһϲһĵ˵
һҪɱҵģʵ
ҽձ壬ҽձɽƽ̻˵ʦܣ֪ɱ֮ɽƽŭⶣҽһҪڣڰ·ϾҪˣҹζࡣæش
֪ײҸ˵ٻҲûдɱ˵үүҵĲ࣬ɽƽ̵ȷǶҺ֮ǣȲҪȡҵҲòһɽˡ
ҳƬ̣ٴοףʵѵ飬˵𣿡
ûСûСҡҡͷ˵
ղǸ˭绰أʵ
Ҹصصϵ˹֧Ԯǡ绰ûд꣬͡ͱˡ
˵
ֻóҵ
׹ԹԵĽֻ˳˫ŵݸҡ
ȻҲûнӣǸ˵ձһ绰ȥ
һ㶣ƺЩɻΪʲôҪôҵ֮£ǹԹԵĲһ绰ȥ绰һұ㽫ֻ׵˹˶ߡ
ܿ죬绰ͽͨˣ绰ﴫһʮװ鶼㶨ûУ
㶨ңô𣿡һЦ
㡭绰Ǳһֵܿ׸ɱˣ֪ĺ𣿡


1663 ˾
˸̸ʲôǵһصǺˮʥ̣˶Сүһڵķڻǻĺö˶˵ġ
вң
յģǰװʲôͷ⣬ΪСү㲻ɣҸ㲦绰ûб˼㲻ŪҾ͸ú棬Ūҵ˶ˣ㻹ŲϺţһҵͷϣúˡҳ
绰ͷһЦ˵ɱħͨǸǵȷС㡭ǺðɣȻˣϷʱ㣬㲻ңҲģ֪ռһкüûء
ǺðҾ͸ú档Ȼ
Ц˵㵨̫ˣҸٷΪУСǵһҵҪܷʲô˻Ҳ֪ôġ
ȥѾġʺһձڣȻûиĻᣬֱӰѵ绰ˣ˵ϡ
ʱ˫˼ҳܿһۣ˵Ͻ߰ɣѾ˹ˣٲǾˡ
Ҳ֪ʱϲˣٴοһۣ֣̿ŵӶ΢΢ķ϶Ϊ֮ǰǵ
ҽٴε׵Ĳϣûſڣױ޺үүɱҡʲô˵ˡ
ס죡ŭһױסˣ촽ͣĶ£ֱĿҡ
ҼסˣһСүãɱˣ´ٱһŪǣв
ͷﻹ˵֣һ̣óлɢǰһ˷׷׵˵ϣһСʱ֮ڲܶ
ʰˣ̫̫һ֣˵֪ܹӳȥ
˵ţ̫̫˫첽ɣҲĹ򣬽һ·ǰĳɽֶȥ
̫̫ܿ죬֮£ŲմأҲǹģкüҶҪ˭Ǹſڣ̫ܵˣҿ֮£ƺܴ˵ʲôҲ
Լٶȱӣоһ·˴ԼнСʱĽŲͣ˶˰￪ĵطˡ
ʱѾ֣һСɽϣǸСɽסżʮ˼ңָɽϵ˼˵ߣʱš
˵գٴ˽Ųɽ϶ȥʱ˱㵽ɽ֮ϣСĽֵϿ첽С
ѾʮһңﰲĺܣȻʲôˡ
̫̫￴ʮϤ˴֮󣬽ŲȻͣߵмĵطֱƿһԺӵţкֱ˽ȥ
Ҷ̫̫ʮεģҪȻҲ־ҡ
£ұ̫̫˽ȥԺӣƿţ֮С
ԺӺͷӶʮֵͨʮƽׯ˼ҡ
һ֮ұ㹰лλ˼ңлղųȣҪȻ¿׶༪ˣ֪˼մΪʲôҪأ
˼һͷһۣ˰֣˵ʵıʣҲУһȥá
ղһֱңɫֺڣҲûϸȥ˼ңһƣͻȻһЩߡ
ѽԾ̫̫Ȼϣһ˫Сȴ۵ĺܣһʮĴ֣ɵǣ̫̫ؿڴĹĵģ˭ҵ̫̫ܳ˷һǹϸߵؿڣҶʱһˣǲû˵ɫ˼ңǾʲôУܸÿԸҰɣ
ôôķϻ㲻ʵĲҪʣʸݡЩõ˵
ҺٺһЦƤ˼ңƢʮҵһˣǸǳĴˣһƯĴ椶죬֪˼ϲʶأ
˵˼ҵɫһ̾ϢһûһЩȻ˵ϳˣǺ
˵ţ̫̫һ½ϵƤ߸¶һճ̫̫ǳٰģȻõĺܺãֻϧ¶š
òӻ˵ף޲ɷֻɫһƽʱĮ
ҿ˳һЩ˼ˣôʶҵģ
ܼ򵥰˭ҵ̫ܹǰ´ݵʱ򣬼ǵýؿѹƽһҲ̫ˡҹЦ


1664 ֵ
⻰˵ĳɫһ죬˫Ŀݺݵһۣ˵ٺ˵Ҳ˺졣
ҽظǰһ̧Ƥ˺ɣҵҪ᲻á
ʲô᲻ãҷ׷ǹʵģֻǱøֺƤְˣƤĿ϶˺û˵
Ҿϲǧ֮ģԣϲоرȤ
֪ҵǳ֮ұ˸طҲҵĶ棬˫ǵĴ۾ӣûֳֶ˲٣ҹĿ࿴ҪǸ߸ߵɶһϲ㡭
ӵɫʱͺ˵㻹ǻģܲһЩҪ˵˺òá
ǱҵϷĿˣҲֻüþգæת˻ӣô֪ѣε֪Ǵ·ߵأ
˵⻹򵥣ʬ˳ɱɽƽ̻˵Ķӵ飬ѾڽϴķзˣǴʡߣ˲֪˲ҵĶҲϡ棬Ամ֣ʲôܹģϾϴΪǶ¯֮Ӥ飬Ҳƴȹһأһֱùⲻȥԡ
˵һ̯֣û˵
һЦʵô򵥣
һɻ˵
һΪ㿴أεĹңҺܲ˼ˣΪҪȻɡٴκƤ
ʱҿɫٴһ죬һֱ쵽˲ӸԵĶˣһŵٳôῴ㣬ƤĸǽһҲӺ
⻰һ˵춼Щ״ˣҲЩ㣬Ҹӡ
ģ룬ѵӻǿˣ
ܰɣ
һʱ䣬ԵЩΣĬ˺һ֮󣬳ֵˣ˸һҪ飬ڴʡصָܾʱ򣬺񿴵ǼλֵˣлкͰչɡ
˵ҽٴæʵĿǣ
ڴʡصֵܾĸʵҲǺȷǣܹǸϳƾƤĿϵƤ߻͸ģϵĻǿ϶ϣҲ϶ǣô飬ǲܲܵġ
ǰ⼸λѶǹĽ飬ֵʤֵܣһѣ缸ƴ֣ǿ϶
춼õϢ᲻֪
һ뵽ǣҵֲˣֵȻ㿴ǣΪʲôͻȻ־ңûأ
һ£˵ǸѺ֪˾ɣرСģӴʡصĳкüʮÿһһģһģЩ֮󣬷ֱŲͬķλȥҲص棬Ҳ֪㾿һһȥЩӦȥķλû뵽һˣþͳ־㣬һأүүǹٷĴôᱻص˸Ҳ̫һЩ
Ұ˰֣ԴЩۣ˵һʱ˵̫̫ˣ˵ɣɽ̫һŪңصͷͷүүҲԸҸɽʮ׽
˼ĵ˵ͷû
ʱǣϻǱϾֲ壬ɵıȥɲģһǾһԵеģϾֺɽͲЩǶɾźãһ汻Щ˸ˣϻͰչǿ϶ưոݵġ
Ҳ֪ϻƢǵøɽǻ˲ɣټͰչԼһĺ𲻵ɽҲܽɽļɹ
ԽԽǺ£æһҪԼֻţһȦûҵұϾֵ˸֮ϵĶˡ
쿴æǲֻ
ӦһЩ˵ӣֻûУһ¡
ҡҡͷɫȰûǱǴ绰ϵֻѾȫλˣ绰һȥӲЩص˾֪ǲʲôطⲻͶ𣿡


1665 Ҳµ
о仰˵ĺãҡ
ҪңҲҶص̫˽ˣΪ֮ǰս徭˻һص龿жͣŶ塣
ص鲻ܵйزֹϽֻ͸߼ص쵼ǵȨܹһܹõ֧Ԯֱ֧֣¶ѾŪǷֱܾ꣬Ȼ˸ĴѰء
Ҹһйص˶ܵܵļغͼǼҲǵˣǼֻ϶ȫֻҪһ绰ȥԷܿڵλãʮֵľȷ
ڸչ绰ʵڲʲô֮١
绰ϾֵȦףȫϾֵС
ŪãֱӽǼ˸һˡ
ʵ侲һ룬Щϸ˼֣ԷĿĻǵɱһˣпǽҺǼȫɱˣĻǱ󵷹ʵ̫ˡ
ҳƬ̣ɫ粻ƺǿҵĹǣʵһֱһҪ㣬ֻǲ֪ʡ
˵޷ȵģʲôʵġҵ
ǲɱģɫ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳûɱֻǽˣ͵ҽԺ֮ĪģҾ¶ڱ󵷹ء
˵ظ˵Ҿ˵϶ûӵˣɽƽ̻˵ĶӣҪɱɽΪУĵҲ̫һЩ
ڲǲɱģɽҪҵưͳԻпԣƺӶϴˡƵ
ڴô죿
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ôˣĿǰ˵ֻұס黹кܶɵ㣬Լ飬ܹʲôջԴ֤ҵס
޷֤Ҫڰ׷ɱһӣԶ̧ͷ첻޵ǵ˵
ǰǼȻ¶ҵϣ͵ͦظҪȻڸһ˹ƶܵǣһҾ뿪Ѿùˣ۵㡣ɫ
ĿңϵıЩأһŵҲµġ
ĸȻ˵ĺᣬҵȴо쳣ء
Ҳµģ
̶̼֣һůڵѾ裬Ĵ׷ɱǸΪˣ侹ȻһŮѡվһܲҸҶ
һֹȥס˳޹ǵС֣Ե˵ӣлл㣬û뵽䵽أ㻹վһѣⳡܹԺ󵫷һ仰ұ԰㡣
ס˳С֣ҲûҪջȥ˼СЩֻ΢΢Ķһ£ɫٴηһ˿ΣͷȥһŲɫĽ˻ȥС˵㲻µģһ󣬵һصλжܻǰûӺˮʥ̵Ƥӵ˳һΣһҲܹΪġ
Ը˰ɡҵ˵ͷܿٴһ飬԰ղų˵ˣпǰչϻɣҵĺֵܺһҳô飬һ϶Ҳ֪ôûأ
һ뵽һٴһϴֻ𣿡
ô㻹Ǵ绰ϵ쾪ȵ
һһѽһǱˣֻҲǱģصػĵ磬϶޷ĵ绰ȸһһ绰ȥƽǼ˱ɵֱӶ֣صɫ
˵ŷһֻݸҡ
Ǽ˵ֻұĹ죬ұһһ绰ȥȻ绰˺ܾãû˽һǡ
ǲģһ˹ȥһ绰֮󣬵绰ڽͨˣһúС˵λûʲôҪ飬һŪ㣡
ȥôƢұ˵һ
ȥûЦɣСŸ磿һԵʮּЩʵǽѹĺܵ͡
ҡһص
СŸ磬ӳˣôӳģ缸żĲУڰ·أôԼܳˣţȣһЩ޷Գֵ


1666 µ
ţҲǸոӳСʱϽ֪ͨչǣȡжǧҪŪôһﶼҪһٸ͡Ҽ
õģСŸ磬ԵƬ̣һٸ˵ţһ˳Ĺҵ˵绰˲һӵĹ⾰һ㽫绰ٴδ˹СŸ磬Ѿ֪ͨչˣ绰漰ʱҪӣǱ߹ƾҪʼˡ
չǱʲôЩʵ
չͰһ·һϣҴܼҵһ·Ȼĺһ·ܹǱ··ģʵЩˡڸ·ûʲôСŸ磬ǲǴû·ߵģһЩƵ˵
Ǳ˵ˣ·ϾŪµԻ˶ĿãֻгײҸ
һ֣Ҫ˸գ⻹Ҫһһ֣һ³ĵصĴ׷ɱ
Ӧһ򵥵ĸһߵҪҵ״һжڿԿƵķΧ֮ڡ
ֻȫǧ˸ˣղչһ绰չֻ϶Ҳȫˡ
һ˵õģж֮ǰ͸˵绰룬ֻģǱǱߵĺ룬߸زʮְȫ
ɵ⣬ڶ֮ǰһ㶼Ὣ鰲ŵ޾ϸκ©ֵԴ飬ǲ˿
һָ˵СŸ磬ôǼһɱˣϻͰչ˵ˣ֮ǰ̫ԸҲǷʰһ⣬㶯֮ǰôҲ밡
ָһһеǰһ־ŭпǱص˸ˡ
һ󣬱˵ǰҽӵ˰չϻĵ绰һ˵㱻صֵܾ˸סˣҪѺ״Ǹսһ£˵صˣûзųģҪô棬Ҫô氤ǹӶһɲаæһƱֵܹһ͵˹˵ʲôҲҪСŸشүģֵܼ˭ֻҪҶһֵܶƴˣƴҲðһƤ˵ˣǰͱǶҸɡ
һҲһʱļһ¶һֳ֮СӾȻҲ˴ֿڣȻߵĲС
Ұοһǧ򲻿ĻҿҪȥһʱ䣬ڻģʮְȫģϾǱص˿϶첻ȥֽţһĺӦţ϶ֲʲô۶ӳ
һϲѣ˵òҲϣܸһȥ͵ݼˣʱ鷳¶һһʼնûеʱ
ò״ӶӻˣȴԼ˰һѣȷǹġ
ҶһǧҪ¶ΣҪֳκζĺȻر˶Ŀ̫ص黹ʮ־ģһˣƻʮֵ鷳
Ƕ˵һƽظңҸ裬ùߵ飬ӽ쿪ʼֻһϵʲô飬ͨһתҵ˱֮ٸչϵ
˵ĻһȫӦ˵סˣȻǱԼһطϷʡĳεĳ棬Ȼ͵ɵԺ˵
˵绰֮Ҳųһ
˽һͷ󻼣ҺһҪȻЩ롣
ͬʱҵҲڰңѣǻһƱǸңвһů⣬һֵܣһ¸ɶ
߻һ椰ţ˿Ҳرµ
Ƭ̣ıŸʱ򣬳ͻȻ²˳٣ҹɫҸϽ뿪ɣطҲǾ԰ȫڣ˵ص˺ܿͻҵط
ҵ˵ͷվ˵Ҳãھ߰ɡ
һסҵȵȣ뿪϶УҰһ£Ҳɻһ
˳ݵı£ãұԳӣԺͱֱˣҿӦñСһЩԺͺСŸɣҲһЩ
첢ûлӦɫ΢΢һ죬﷭ڳһľӣ涼õĶ
ֻǻûпʼݣԺͻȻ㴫˽Ų첽߶


1667 ׷
һŲҡ䡱һ¾վеĽ˳ƾͱ˳
Ȼһȴץסҵ֣ССŸ磬𼤶Լˡ
Լˣ
طԼˣ
Щɻ󣬲ǽϸȥĶܿͷΪֻһ˵ĽŲ϶Ͼֵ˾ˡ
Ͼֵ˹ҵطͺһȺ˴Χһˮйͨ
ңǻʮּɵģص˷ɭϣϣһΪӳǿ϶ɸĸֹٴ뿪
ҿһץסֵĳ죬ͻȻ΢΢Цһ£ղȻҡСŸ硱ô͸ÿˣֱʱһϲ
쿴ҵЦݣʱᣬ֪ЦʲôæǴһɿҵ֣ɫ΢΢һ졣
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱ߵſڣһ·ţС㣬𣿡
ɡ
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֪ˣ°ɣ˶ջԻȥ˯Ҫ¶κšɫ
˵˵ͷٵ뿪
ǳĴˣ̫үҲǸʮ˵£һʮصĽʮֵ͵һᡣ
Ҳǲ¶ˮġ
֮бһϾֵ˶ǹģǰŸ˲һСʱĹ⾰ǾʹŴˣһǴŴǹġ
Щʹǹ̫ˣϿ϶жϾֵ˸սȥЩѵǹһ£ֻҪ벻رԶЩǹѭζܹҹҲЩǹĴһ·ҹġ
ǹǶԶŵζ̫ԶͲˡ
֮һҪӣӵԽԶԽãҪ뿪ʡУܶǵ׷١
Ƭ̵ͣЪұӣɽģˮܻټĻģһˣлһ㡣
˵ţұҪȥʱ򣬳ٴһסң˵ȵȣҸһߡ
һΣյģŪСûˣҿɲ㣬㻹ԹԵĴŰɣģߵġɫ
ĵβ죬֪ʲôطȫҴ뿪ɣ·ҲиӦԼߣһǲġ
Ǻðɣ뿪ͺã·ͱˡҲīˣ˴˿߼·ص˻Ӿ͵ˣʱ浢
ҲûֻõСľӣһֻҾͳ汼˳ȥ
һԺ棬㲻Լͬһż˷ȻֻèһͷӣڷϢ˼һεĵطɨۣһҪһϾֳ̺ܴҾͿڴһƬˣֵĴζ߰˼кüٿӣǺô̡
֮⣬ڴӵļҲΧ£˹ֻǱ˺֪ܶ࣬УӾѾΧˡ
ȻǴǹѭϵζ˹
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ƬûԥıаڴӵһӣԼ·̣ѵˮ·
˵΢΢һЦе¶һ˿ЦݣԵĶˣ˿Һܽ¹⿴ķЩԳ
˲бˮ飬Ϊӵж¯֮Ӥ飬ųùˮ飬϶ǵġ
ĵһЦ󣬶˵ֱӲݶƮ֮䣬㳯Ŵߵķ첽ȥֻһ˴ӣûʲôصεĵطˣӵҲвϾֵˣصĸ֣һЩ侯ؾ֮ģ˵Ҳаٰʮˡ
ҺͳһأܿЩ˵ע⣬֪һһӵ͸ҪǮƵĳǺɨ˹
𣡡
һס˳֣̾ʹ߶ٰ˲ǸӰһ㳯


1668 ܵǣ
ҺͳһֳΣ̾ͱϾֵЩ˸ˣһȺɽװ˳߿ٵĿ£Щؾ侯еӵĳɨֻٰܽ˲߶˼£ͬʱϵ˵ǰ棬һ·Ӷݡ
ܿ죬Щɽװƺǵͼֱǵǰ棬ҺͳûдǾ뷨·Ҷ˵ֱӽͭǮ˳ԶԶģ˱ͭǮ󣬶ʱǧٵͭǮȻŵͳǰɨ˳ȥ
֮ŵ棬ǲ˺Щ˵ЩֶǺܲߣֻҪǹĻվһĻһ㲻˵ǡ
Ȼ˻϶û˵ͭǮķâǧٵʱҺͳһڣٰ֣˲ֶΣ˲תƳ˰׿ľ룬Ȼһ֣㽫ͭǮ£˻Ǭ˱֮С
صĸ֣ƶ棬ЩֻǸΧӵģûжôԣǲܹɵ
֮Ǽ첽УӶȥ
һ·֮ϣҲһЩɢɢصˣǻ˹ȥǴʵϾֵЩصҲ֪ҲʲôöԸĽɫûʮĸ𳡵֮£Ҳ̫ҸԵУԸЩصͨԱҲе¡
Ǳӵʱ󲻶ӵ˹඼֮ϣҲ˲Ƿֺ
ǵĽų̺ܿ죬ʱǱһϵĴӱϣûеߣұ㽫ˮ˳źһ߶֮£ˮܿɣҺͳһΣ˱ˮ棬Ȼٵ³ȥ
ոһˮУˮϱкܶӵڱˮϣܹԵĿЩˮлһĺۼ
ҲЩӵ˱ˮϣˮⶫҲһĿЩӵҲᱻȥ
ұ߶˱ˮ飬ҲʲôˣֱˮУӵĹ⾰ԶǸڡ
㿪ЩΧˣҺͳ첻ⶼһ˴˿һۣⶼ¶˻ĵ΢Ц
ӣˣʵǲӦҿ
ֻǵһЦûлӦǰٿЦݣһΣЦǾչ¶˵һĶ֮
ͻȻЩΣǶڱˮһ·˳ˮУȻ䣬ͻȻһ飬üͷ
Щ⣬֮ǰеʱҪҵǬ˱ң⽫Ǭ˱ҽүӵС
ʩչֶΣ֤Ǭ˱ҵУ׾ܷǬ˱үӻҵģ¶ҪǱص֪үӻܵһЩǣ
˵ҲүӶЩǸ⣬ǽҹʰʬģôһ飬үӿ϶νǬ˱͵͵ңðźܴķյģ뱲ص͹ѫһο϶Ҫȫٵˡ
˵ܴܵĴ֡
үѾˣڵεصеĹʣôͣϣصܹƴɡ
Ͼ˼ҲΪЧһӣˣܲȥ״ȥɣ
ﰵţ̾Ϣһ
ˣСʵСŸ磬ôˣ
û¶һЩͷ۵飬ܹ֮ӳҲܵһʡصеѵİæܵǣҵ˵
ڵЩ֣Щ׼صɽôԸңҪӻӵ̫һӵҲһ·˳磬˷иַ
ܹ֪ǵĲͺˣܴ
һ¶ҾһˣڵĽӣڿǺڰˣصҲ˲ߣ¶Ҫ֪ܲܵõһЩõϢ
ֳһ飬ܵ˺ڰ׷ɱѾˣһֻΪţὫ
˵ڸһ绰ȥԷᷴһֱӰҸҲδ֪
һǾϵһ£ȿ˵ҲѾ¶ΣԷҲ֪˺
ǺٴθҪֻӲһ绰ȥİĵ绰룬һʼûнͨҲǴ˺ü绰ű


1669 ǰ
绰֮ͨ󣬶ܿ촫˽Щʵһλ
ңҵ˵
һҵһŵ绰Ҷܿһֿ˵ϣҵľүǸʡĵ˵˵㣬κò״ӶǾһӻΪͣ죬üһһһˣⲻϽȥйҴһ绰
ҺٺһЦ˵ôܼңǲ㣬Ժ󶼲ϵˣ
ɫү˵ʲôϵ۵ʲôأǶǲıģ˵⻰ɾͼˣҵľү
ûпܼңθ绰Ҫ鷳㣬֪ܼҿϲϰæֵ
Ӻεȴܿүǲ֪ڹٷɽĲãʲô֣нܼã˵ܼҾȫˡЦ˵
ү¶ڵ飬Ƕǰһϵƣоү֮һĲҵͷİɣһҶˡظ˵
ܼңһΪ¶ֱӲأҪǹˣЩҵҪˣٴ̽ʵ
ү⻰˵ģҾͲˣʶôˣҲһΣҪǸɳôûĵ飬ŹǣүЩֵҲŹǵģԼҲⲻȥڣԶΪүĵˣһүķڶӵ
ܽ˵컨׹ҶҲȫţ±ɫܼңֻᱻɣ
϶ᣬǽϵ⣬ǳ֮ϵĹϵӲ˴ڵ⣬үܷľǡ
ӦһȻ˵˵ɣʲô
үԴӵõʧɱɽƽ̵Ĺ֮󣬱ص˸ץ֮ǾһֱܹעĶ򣬾֪϶ҵͽϢ޺ˣڵЩӣǹٷɽкܴĶڹٷǱ߻һЩʱûгʲôĸ֣ΪүǱŬɽǱ߾Ͳһˣɽ½˺ü֣ƽ̻ɳģǾֻһĿ꣬Ǳǽ׽Ȼɽɽ洦á
ӵĻû˵꣬ұɻɽһ׽ʲôҪѺ͵״𣿡
ɽ̫ˣصĸ߲㵱бвɽĵӣǾصЩôɣԴԳ֣ҲǵõٷĬģΪϸ˵ڽɽҲȷʵԳֱ𡣾үҪɽصأɽиãרŴøͽ񼫵ļһģһ䵽Уǻãܣøӽںɽ˺ĥǲ̹ˣƽ̻˾ôһӣ϶ΪҵķŪ㣬ĥصĲȥʹ졣˵
֪ɽɳʲôֳ𣿡æʵ
ɽûжǱߵˣЩ˿ɶϼһǻʦ屲ֵĶ֣һֵģΪȻȲˣҲ˶٣ЩɽøֳǾүӲˣΪɽóˣûʧֵʱ򣬹죬һζûСЩ鷳ҪеĳϳɽöԸҲʦڣֻɳ˻˵ļʦֵܳҲǺ˲õĸˣһ˵Ѿɽ˵˴ʡϱصһѲ٣үҪСһЩˡ
һ£ֵˣһӹٷǱߵϢ˵ǹٷҲ׼һЩ֣һж˵֮һҪ׽ù鰸⼸ͷүҸȫĵطɣͷ˵
ӦһӵлȻ˵һٸϵģҵ˵绰
ֻʱ˵ֻػ绰ˣֹǱ߳ǡ
ȫȻֻһµĵ绰Žֻ
ڸӴ绰ǳűˮѾƮȥ˺üˮ·Ҳ֪
ͻȻ䣬ͻȻһҵļɫСŸ磬ˣǰˣ
һˮͣǰ濴ȥ


1670 
ˮˮУҪ½ϵٶȿ˺ܶ࣬һ绰Ĺ򣬱Ѿ￪⣬űˮ飬ΪˮУʵҴˡ
ˮ·ϵǡ
һŻɫ۵ϵ꿴ȥиʮ꣬ĳͦ˵ģˮУƨûаˮ£ԴҲû¶棬ɮ붨һ㣬Ưںˮ룬㵲סǵȥ·ɫˮƯһȥһ֣Ϳٶ֪ˮǶأ˿ϵˮԻǼõġ
ȥȷǸֻ֣ǲֶ֪Ρ
ˮͣʮ׵ĵط֮ұ֪λ϶Ǵɽĸ֣ǵ۱õ˵
Ӹոո˵ɽˣѾ˴ʡص׽ң±㿴˿˵ס˵·һǷǴ򲻿ˡ
ʱ侲ûη壬ǿűˮ鳯Ǹϵʮҵĵطͣ£һ֣ʮֿ˵λǰɽİɣμ棬֪λǰţǰҪˡ
ϵ˵ʱҶЩֶΣĺˮ죬ϵˮҵ
Ȼһʱϵ۾߿һۣû죬ֻͷ˼£˹ƶŻˣƽʦ֮ǰˣƶҲ۸ޣۣԸ˫֣ƶɽһ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ˵ɽź˵ֶЩˣǶס㲻ȥȲˣҲ֣ÿһ·ǹȥ
û˵꣬ϵ۾һɣŭǱƶˣ
ţϵһ֣㳯ңңĳһƣʱˮϢһȵӿ˹ԶҾ;ֲͦģ´ų쳯ԱһȻ󸡳ˮ棬˱ˮ飬˺̲֮ϡ
ǸոûãˮϱһˮϵҲӺ˳Ƕ˼
ճʱϵ·ʪģ⼸Ĺ۱޷ԹģֱӶ·ˡ
үģĸ紵Ƶġ
֮Դˮˮʩչ֣ϵȻҲôηãϵֻһˣҲûصҲǿԵġ
򲻹ĻгڣҲϼһĶ֡
˰֮ϵǸұ߰׵ľ룬ٴγ˵ɱƽʦֵĶӣɱƶʦֶƶǽ첻ȥԺɽûڽϻˣһְɣƶҲ۸ǡ
ǰһɫλˣǴܿԣҵһ㣬ǸʦֶɱģҳϣûȡĴ㣬ôģҾͲ֪ˣĻϲ֮ҪɽĹϵ뻪˼С
˸Ͳһף˵ƶ˵ЩûãʲôԸƶɽȥ˵ǷֱжϣƶֻǸˣҺθɣٷϻְɣһϾͺãʡ鷳
ϵ֪ǲɽϴˣͦѵڳ֮ǰûд֮ǰЩ飿
һصȸϡʬħկĻϪӡˮʥ³֣Щﵥóĸڽŷɥɫһɽϵ˸ҽа壬Һͳһϣǲ̫߿Լˡ
£ҲЩޣֵӵǰ棬ǰһ˵ȻǰҪֻ֣Խˣһ˱ãˣĸԸĸɽ޶
ǻ۾һɣһ˵СӣôĿƶҲѻʮ֮ڣò㣬ƶȻ뿪
˵ģҪŶЦ˵
ְɡ˵
һֱ̣˽꣬׼Ҫֵʱ򣬳㲻޵ǵ˵СŸ磬ҪСİϵ汾µģɵġ
ıǣзִ硣Ц˵
ʱǻҲ˷еķ֮ҳԾһ£óķһѽͷ֮ϣⲻõǰѷɽ׷
ô䵽⻪˵У
Һܿ뵽Եɣ⽣ɽɽ֮֮⽣ȻҪԭ´ɽ


1671 ͷ
ǰλɽƽ̻˵ʦܣҪΪ϶
˿̣ǰѷɽɽɽ֮ǻ˵С
ɽѽԴսֲϵ޿֡
߶ţϵһҲ׷꽣ͷ̱֮ǹâʢɱڣָǣ׷꽣㷢һХҷգۼʮָͣǷɽҵ۾ʱԲˣǷɽһŷӭ㴵һҵķ磬絶һ㡣
˵ϵ汾µġ
мһ֣֪ûУҪȻҲҵǹƥסҵȥ·
һֱ̣ӺеĽ꣬е˳Ƿɽ׷ݺݵĿ˹ȥ
һǷɽ׷걻ý굴˳ȥŽҲһ飬ЩֶҲͳ
Ȼҵɳȥǰѷɽ׷ֻǵתһ򣬼Ҵ˹ȸղһҪ͡
϶ƾһѷɽ£ôô
Ȼ䣬ٴξеĽ꣬ϴŵǶתǬƵ˳ֳǷɽݺݵ˹ȥ
һΣһ࣬Ƿɽ׷һαҵ˳ȥֻһΣǷɽֱ˵ϣ嵽˺ӱߵһʯ֮ϣû룬ҽµҲһ˫ʮס
ɼһжء
˶תǬƵļӳ֣ԽȫתƵ֮ϣôǿȫܹӭж⡣
Ȼǻ˲ֶ֪תǬһ£ͷ˵ֲɱ˳ֶλеģƶóЩֶΣ޷ȥˡ
һ䣬ٴһ־Ƿɽ׷Ǿʯ֮ȻǾʯʱΪ룬һΣɽ׷곯ɱ˹׷꽣϶ʱֳһĺâ
ȻִУҲһеĽ곯׷꽣˹ȥֻһΣҶ콣еĽߵһ߶˼¡
һƵ֮㻯ǧӰ׷꽣סˣסȥ·ڰ֮ɱһ졣
꼤˳ȥ֮ҺܿٴνͭǮǬ˱г˳ǻκηӦʱ䣬ֱӾͼ˱ͬǽ󣬿ٵķǧٵŻֶȥ
˵ϲû¶κεı飬һߵС
ۿǧٵҪϵʱ򣬻˴˼ɽʦǰȥʦʱһ״ǰʦɵͼٵתܿһϳǧٵͭǮȫ⣬ͭǮʱΪΣЩͭǮҲܿɢĴ
ټͭǮʱҵǰͳ壬Ҫһֱӽǻ˸¡
ˣǻ˻һûнҷģһ֣ͼȻѹ˹
Ҳûжٴμ˶תǬƺƵ˫ǰһƣ㽫˳ȥǳŻѹ˹ȥοЩˣæһ֣Ƿɽ׷˻صһͼʱնΪأһ޴ĺ
ͬʱҲлУֱӴ߶콣ƾʱɫ䣬֮صһ֮󣬵֮϶ʱѿһĹ֣һһĵɷ֮ǣ˳Ż˺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
һϰ콣ΪһˣǺˮʥ̵³һ֮£ǰ⻪ˣΪ֣Ǹ³һȣѷɫһЩҼԽӲסһС
ڼƾĽеʱͬʱǲľ֮ԦľϢʩչ˳ڻȫעƾĽеʱ֮УǺӵ׵ˮݱ˳дУƺƵֱӽǻ˵°סˡ
ʱĻǹ˵˲棬Ƚһ£ƾĽбȽϿֲһЩ£ͷͻȻɫɽʦһ׷꽣ϣ׷꽣ʱɫĹâ߸߾𣬳ĵɷ֮
¡һ죬޴ĞųĹǻĺˮһưôꡣ


1672 
ȥǻ˵ʱȻƾ˳ȥһеֱ֮ӽЩڻϵˮݶˣһѪˮ棬һֱ˺ӵĶ԰ŹڵأŴ˺üŷվ
쿪ʤҳʤ׷
һУȻǻ˸˵Ĳᣬʱȥ֮±Ȼ£ǣұٰ˲ֶΣźȥ
ȻʱĻ˸ûҪ˼վ֮󣬿дһе׷꽣ٴ׵ͷ֮ϣһɫɽʦٴ׷꽣֮УâǻҲųռУһ֮ǰùΣʮְԵпٵĺ׷꣬նħǧӰķɱ񣬷ɱ뷣
Щӵһӵʱ㱻˳Ȼ׷꽣һѱ˶ʮ׷꽣һӼ䣬Щ׷꽣ȫ֮ߺȻѹ˹
֮ǰеʱ򣬶ʮѽ⻪Ū˶ʮѣĞųܵ˼ǣΪ֮һ
ʱĻȻɱġ
һ󱲣ûбȻ˲ʮУ㱻Ҹˣڶôܹ£ԣ˿һҪɱңԲ˻ӻɽˡ
ǻ˸̵ʱҲһԶĳҲһСŸ磬Сģ
ҶѾ˺ӱߣۿűҪ絽԰ǻƴһ¸ģҲòɲȻǧһ֮ʣֱӶ콣аˮʽ
Ҳ֪һеܲܵסƸ۵һУҲֻҽˡ
һаˮǺ֮϶ʱŷʮˮ𣬶סЩʮ׷꽣ĽӰͬʱҽżһ棬˶ȥճһֻ֣ÿһһշ䣬Ȼϣҵǰ
߰˲߰˵ǰ
Լã⻹ԶԶ
գۼĹ򣬶ʮѷɽһ봩͸˰ˮ赲ʮѷɽԼٶȳ߷
Щɽ񣬺ɵıƿЩϣֱҴ˹
ھ֮࣬ҷѾ˵˺ӱߵʯУ붼û룬еĽ㽫ӱߵĴССʯͷȫ˳ȥЩɽȥ
Щɽһʯͷ㽫Щʯͷӷһ㣬˵ϣЩӰܿҲʧΡ
ˣѷɽûܵɳҼɶ
ɽܵǻ˵ǣײĿǲͣģҲֱߣڻ˷ǣ֮»ܹͷ䡣
յĳ棬ҲòƴˣһҧһģҲ͹˲ôˣеĶתǬƣٰ˲ֶΣĪѹЩɽһһ˳ȥһֻɽĽӰεʱȻǽķ˳ȥڴĳѪ
Ҳͣ£Ȼܿ췭һ·̤ˮУǻ˵ǰеĽһͿ
ǻжûңȻһ𾪡
ʵҶôղӲƾʱѾˣȻִ֮߶׷꽣һУľ˶Щˡ
򣬹ߵѾ
ұȥ֮ýУһŽǻ˸ŷ˳ȥǰ׷꽣˵ϡ
Ȼ˴ӵһٰ˲ĽǰֱӾͶʺ֮ϡ
ˣˣʮѹ㻹ʲô˵ġǰһ̽˵
̧ͷһۣŲͲʣЩҡ
п϶룬ɽ˼ʮ꣬ȻһʮëͷСӸˣһܵĺܲң˲˵󻹱ýס˺
Ϊɽʵ
ĿƬ֮󣬻̾ϢһƶԸķ䣬ҵ߰ɡ
˵ţ˱۾Ŀ
ʱ򽫽ˣ߰ɡ
۾Щ˼ĿһۣʵΪʲô
ΪʲôҾﲻɣɱ˶ˣûһԩ꣬޳ԹΪһᣬƴһҳ
㲻ɱңҲݶģ˵øһĸֹ׽ɽ֪˳


1673 ܺ
˵ˣȥɣˣҸ˵ʵ治ɱģڸ˵㲻ţܻһ죬һʵ飬Ūˮʯʱ֪ˣ˵ˣɡһ֣˵
˽ŽɵĿһۣĴӵ˳㽫׷꽣ҲУתһȳһյȥû֮תͷȥҵϣ´Ҳٿ㡣
Ҳϣ´β㣬ټĻƱƴˣҲġɫ
˱ûٶԣ׷꽣ǵ뿪
ɽϴţϵ죬ΪԼж޵ˣ㲻С
Ȼ˵ΪʵȻ֮ϣʵս黹̫ˣԴҳûһͣÿĶǵѪеķǶɱ˼ʵսսܽľ飬ǿɶǴ֮ʱģ̸ֽϵܹġ
ΪܹγɾƵѹƣҪȻҪĺѡ
ңղŸƴɱʱҲûȫҵʵʩչûжõе⻪˱Ѿˡ
ǿֻΪĶ̫ˣͲǸ°ɡ
Ŀ˻֮ұٴλһ𣬵ҿ飬ӵһ˿οЦݡ
ǺܶµģҸǻƴ֮ʱкüζʮգǳʼûв֮غҵϣӸӣһ˳ֽһĵΣʱһҲԹۡ
СŸ磬ǸϽ߰ɣпˮ·ڵǣҪɣҲ֪ĸˡ˵䣬סҵĸ첲Ҫٴθ·
Ȼȴվһδһ£ϵЦݱʧˣʵСŸ磬ôˣ
ӣҲ߰ɣղҲˣɽص飬뷽跨ҪŪңһǻΪҵͬпһɱۣҲܺ㡣ɫ
һ촽ɫһ˾ȵףͷ͵ȻҰȳˣҪȫĽͳȥҪȻҲģҲ;ϣģҲģѽͷ֮ұ뿪
ЩԹһסС֣æӣҲǸ˼ᣬûҪߵ˼ֻһΣգ֪
ʱϵزŽʧһЩ˵ͷֵ֪㲻õңбֶΣһ켣ʱһ̣㻹ǸСʱѾڽϻ˺öˣҴ뿪·ϻиӦǳ¼ҵ鲼ģڣһЩ𣿡
ǰеʵǲ˼پܾҲֻõͷӦ
ˮ·϶ǲˣܶ˶Һͳˮ·룬Ȼˮ·ĸؿ÷Ǵ粽С
ֻܴ½ߡ
Ϊ˲ԷʲôǵĺۼҺͳźӵǰ·һ֣һ˽ȥ
Ȼ֮Ҳȫһ·֮ҲвڰڣǻһЩŻɫ۵ĵһͬǵж
ڣطȻһЩ֣ȴҲʲôĸ֣Һͳ춫أƹЩ˵׷٣һɽܳƬӡ
ܵʱҾ룬Ҹʶһֱܵ·ϡ
һθʶʱǶڤ֮أʱֻһСʲôʱĳȻʮһ˱ܵȥ͵˰һǵãǱڤ֮ص׷ϣҶ㵽һǸСҲ˽ôһĺռطǵһΣҶһİŮ˾ȻҲܲǷ֮룬ʱǱǻ֮ʱգȥˣǻ·ϣò̾컯Ūˡ
ӳƬֳ֮ҹɫһ·ǰʮ·һ·֮϶̫ƽڰڶĺܣʱҵһӣȻһû˾סԺÿͷȻ˽ȥ
Ƚһũкü궼ûסˣȫǻҳҲãΣصɽҲֵ̫ط
ҲͲôˣиʱŵĵطѾܲˡ


1674 
Һͳ쵽Ȼһҹһ˼ܣȷЩƣҲЩˣڣǬ˱Ķ࣬һֱ·ϣָ鷳ÿһǬ˱ĶõĲʱ򣬶ҪһȥԵĺȵõģ廨ţʲôС
£ҽǬ˱ԺȵĶóһЩӴһ٣ȻһٵңӳԵĺ٣ŮӣϲҪΣߵǲôĹǣһеģӼ٣ÿеǼģڵĽ࣬˼ҵĿĲУ׬ȡߵǮƣߣڵĴܼңֵдֿɹʹмֱ˷ʱ䡣
ӵΪȻҲ̫˵ǺŲֵġ
򵥵ĳһұͳ˽г̣ҵĴȻȥһϡ
һʡһҵʡ֮һǹ˾Ĺϵȥһʱ䡣
ֶ߲ͨѵĻֻĺĹϵ취͵뿪
ʱ䣬һ˱ҿҪʡʱٸһϵϻ
µصһĶ򣬴Ӷжϳҵ٣Ͳˡ
ǳʱڣһжҪʮСĲС
ǴӴʡһ·ʡҪԽʡݣֲĿŵ𳵻߶뿪ԣǱҪúõļƻһ£ͨʲôʽ뿪ȫġ
ȴ˵ɽصѾȫܲأԼš˧ȥδЩ̫ҡ֮Ǳ˴һ£һݺ·Ÿѡ
ڳǸŵʱҪݵģֻǵʱϾֵ׷Ľûü֣ǱҪżˡ
ʱ䣬óݵĹߣʼʰǻһƤߣȻóһЩСһЩϸСĵ
ݵʱ򣬳ȫעؿöңʱһҪѪĳ嶯Ҳ̫һЩҲ֪ӵǳɶģݵĵطݣֵĵطһҲ
ʰ֮󣬳ҲԼʰһһƤߣ߻֮û˺ÿȥҲǿԡ
ҵĴһձҵûõĴѧģԵʮۣʱĳվһ𣬾һСһ㡣
֮󣬳ңһվǿֱȥɽǣɽǱҲ˽ӦұӦ
ȻұǬ˱ó˶˻·֮󣬱˴˿һۣݸһЦֱӱֵĴưܵԺ﷭ǽڴһȦܿ㿴һӭ泯ʻ˹Ҹ
һСӣҸɶ
ұûʱ䣬һ̣СӺܸɴľ;ܾˣ˵ûգҪȥû˼ǡ
˵գ˱㷢˳ӣҪ뿪ȴǰһһץס˳ЩǸǶԭش򻬣޷ǰƶ֣һЩˣҪ˵ЩʲôֱӴǬ˱óһǮǰһΣʵûпգ
ССӶʱϲЦտϽ˳нӹǮԸǴ˳š
˳֮󣬳챨һַǸǶ㷢˳ӣﳤȥ
ղŴһ٣ڳϻЩȴҵģڳϣһֱڹ۲ΧĶ
ȳʻ˴ӵʱұڴΧ˼ɽװļһص߶һϾֵġ
ڣЩ˲ûע⵽ֱӾͿ˳ȥ
һ·֮ϣڰڵҲ٣ڼ䣬Ҳסأصŵصйزжģ˵Ҫ׷ʮΣյӷж֤óơ
ʱΪҪһܲܽȻʱ֪ó֤Щ֮󣬱뿪ˣȴֻ龪һ
Ҳ׼һжı֮С
ŪƤߣȷˣǵģֻǲ֪֤ǲġ
㣬ҹǱ㵽ɽǸһ֮УҵϵԷӦǵһߣʮ£ʮֶأһ仰ûжʣǵһլ棬쵱ʱ㶣һ׼һӣ뿪Ӧתȥ


1675 
լͦ󣬷Ҳ٣Һͳȥ֮һЩᣬйŮһңʱһһ·ʲôԹ˲ϾСҪˣЩŮ鳤飬ǵԺ˵ɡ
ҺͳԸ𣬶صԼķ֮С
һֱĴŵ㣬£ұڷ֮У˴ϣʼĿ˼죬һϵƣ
ʵбõϢëţԴſգԼʶȫڷɵ״̬еķţһСʱ˯һĺþһԼΪ
£оʱţʱһǱһ˿Ѻͷһ׷ҲܹһʱӦ
ţԼѾ˴ʡɽǣһ·֮Ҳû¶ʲôųӦǰȫˡ
ǣܶ鶼֮⡣
ҳľеʱ򣬺ܿԺʹһٵĽŲҸһۣ㿴šॡһƿˣǰֱӱҵķ֮Уһ
ҿڣͻȻСŸ磬ϽߣɽЩϵʿˣ
ŴԣֱӴӴϱʲôôǰŸյɽ˾ˣҲոոΧ˸ңŻɫ۵˳Χ£˹ϾҪˣǸϽߣٲ߾ˣ콹˵
Ҳˣÿһͣ˶ܹҵǾȷλãп϶ĸڳ⣬Ҳǿʱ򣬻Ҫ
£Ҹ㱼˳ȥӵΧ첽Уһһ߽ʵӣԷһ˶ˣ
Ҷɽĸ֣ӦòϴǸ˲˵ҲЩ֮УһΣǲܸӲƴһ϶ҪЩϵСüͷ˵ģһҪż
һĸ֣ѾʮѲˣȷǲӲƴ׻Դ
ôаˣЩôҵǵأ
ʱͻȻǰһŲų㳯Աһ
ոն㿴һ˴ӹսǴ˹һˣǽոոͷǸߡ
һٴ˳һǣ㼤С㣬ˣɽǼϵѾˣӼͬķٵƺܿզ죿
쿴һۣɫԵʮֽԥһ£ͻȻһߣٻصԭĵط
쿴һۣЩ⣬СŸ磬ʲôȥѵǹ׽ǲɣ
Σյĵطȫĵطа취⼸ϵҪҵңûʲôϵȫûصıҪǿԸǼϵһ棬ʱֱӸ˵ҷֿˣƾǳ¼ڽϵǼϵӦòΪɣʵ
СŸ磬ȷܹǵЩǵ˵
Ҳʮֿ϶Ŀǰ˵ֻˣڳȥ϶ҲҪԿðոǳһճǼƵĺáҳ
Ǻðɣʵڲоֻܸƴˡ˵ţǱٴηصǸղסǸԺһȥұ㷭ݶݷ
ϵƤ߸
߹ȥŸٵĹˡ
˷֮󣬺ܿ콫һ˳Խ߾īʱ͸ҵһϢָⶫһֱװǬ˱֮У˳˴Ĵָϡ
ϢָһεϢķΪĸ֣һϢָʮ֮ڣо
Ѱ֣һ㶼ǿŞųӦǱһվԲ֮ڵܸоĵ˵ǸˣֻжڽУжϳķλ
ԷȫԸڵΪˮ׼ȷﵽûңҶԷɽĸ֣ͻеġ
ϢָһϣϢȫޣƾʧһ㣬öԷܲһҵϢ
ոڷ˲ӣСϴ˽ŲȫڵԺӻ۶Ƭ֮һű߿죬Ⱥ߽Ժӡ
Ϣָңҵݶҵһ϶ܹ̽Ժ龰
Щ˸ոսԺ߿Ž첽˳ŭʲôˣҰҹ˽լ


1676 ûط
һģ֮ǰǱŵǸߣߵ˳ǰ棬һնһ쳣䱸ģ
һʼλϵŴȷɽģǱߵ˾ЩƫƵĵۣλϵһûڳλߵϣǷ׷׳ɨ׺ݣһɱ
λϵ߿ʱұ㽫Ųһԣֻ۽ǵȥƳǣȻҴϢָϵĻܹӦЩʲôҲðա
ֻеλϵĿŲʱҲٴοǣǾǲֱӡ
ϵҲʮˣһϣл˵϶Ǹ֡
˴ûãն߱ǰŭ˵ϵôûϽ뿪ҪȻϷɲˡ
ʱλϵĿߵϣûҪ˼ǲŽĿ˳ϣһϵЩݵ˵Сأ
ʲôˣ֪ʵ
ƶװͿ˵ʲôӦúСأϵֵ
ȳ˵Ժܿ˼λϵ⼸λϵ꿴ȥԴһЩӦʮңһɫЩ¡
˸һղ˵ϵʵλʦ֣ʲôûУ
ȥŻ׺ӵһλЩƵ˵ˣղӵʱ򣬸оСӵϢʮŨôƾʧһȥأ
иӵֱӾָ˳죬СȥˣѾͷ϶֪ʦѾͷһ𣬼ȻѾͷ˵ûط
˻һڣĿˢˢĿ˳죬ιǵһ㣬ʮ
λ׺ӵĵǰǿ˵ѾͷȥˣҸҵȣģֻģΪ㡣
쵹Ҳ壬΢΢һЦ˵λĻ治ʱߣСʱȥһü
ǰӵʱŭѾͷ˵˵ʦֵ˰Сʱ֮ǰΧˣôƤӵѣ˳Ҳɲȥ
֪СŸֶθǱ²ãƤӵҲûûпܵ飬صķɭϣһˣԴ˵
һ˵Ǽλϵɫһ䣬£ǰӵٴŭλʦ֣Ѿͷϻˣ϶Ժ֮ʲôҰǽȥһѱз
˵ţλϵᲽǰҪֱӴ룬նȴٴǰһǵǰŭ˵ţҲʲôˣ˽أѾѵģ
ɽˣ˵˱ܣҪȻͱǲˡһλϵվ˳һϵ˵
ҪȥҲУǵеĵ𲻴Ӧ߿ҲǸƲվᵶ
λס˽Ų˴˿һۣʱǻ׺ӵϵһλ˵ӡʦܣаɣɽ۸ˣλʦֵһϣЩصˣӡʦмǣҪ˴
ʦַıãֵзִ硣
˵䣬һŷĵ˳˵аɡ
Ҳֱӻеնǻӡ˿ɱ˹ȥֶȷЩ£ն趯Ҳǻ磬ƣȥȱһЩʲôƣȴЩ̣ǻӡһеģһʼδֻ֣תŲߵն߿ٵĻʮ֮ڱǻӡҵһеķٵ˦˳һ¾ͲסߵնȻ֮䣬һһ֣ٵĽնߵг˳ŲԶһ˦նͺݺݵ˲ԶǽڣնֱӲǽ֮ϣ죬߷Ӧӡٴǰһסĺ߸˳ȥ
ʱǰһסߣеðɡ
û¶Щϵ̫˵ţҪٴǰǳȴס˵ˣѱǣҿѲֵΣ
ʵó˵Щϵ㡰һȫӿ˷֮Уʼٵ


1677 ̫ү鲨
ʵڷϵһʮֵǵģܵһơ
ֻо仰˵ĺãΣյĵطȫĵطǿ϶֪ϢֲָϢķϵôĵӣǵƤӵ¡
ߵʱǶ֮ϢòǣֵЩɽϵԳ첻ԣҲھ뿪
ҪҸ춯֣ұǻҲҪ⼸λɽĵһܡ
˼һŮ˶Ϊһһ߳жôԻأ
Ҿɽ⼸λӦò̫Ϊѳ죬ϾһŮӣɽô˵ҲŴɣ黹ʮеߵģҪء
иһġ
ǣұݷ˷ϣĬĬĵȴš
Ǽλȥ֮󣬳컹תĳ߿һۣЩǣƺҪ뿪ûбֵ̫ԣҲһֱ߿ǱЩϵʶ
ʮ֮Ǽϵ̴˳һɫ
֮Ǽλϵ˴˿һۣ׷ҡͷʾûʲôջ
СүǵͷϣҪҵǲаˡ
ܰϾֵ˸ṩ鱨ţôҲأǻһƵ˵
ʦ֣϶ѾͷڵֻǽصһЩҲˣ£һ϶ܹʳЩʲôǰĵ˳
ʱǼλҲ˲ơ
ſڰңĿһ¿鷳ˣʲôʲôû뵽⼸λϵôҪ
ҲûϵսһеĿǡ
ǻȴ˰ˣɽôҲŴɣôһСѾͷ֣ȥ滹ҪҪˣ
СӵĻӡȴʦ֣ͬСɣɱʦֶСֽƻĺܣˣ׽סˣǲ֣ƶȥһѾͷֻҪ׽סƶҪ
˵ţӡŷҪųȥ
ЦһһԳɽŴɵĵӣ㣬˲ܣլǴҲˣҲˣĹ뷿ûзŹһȺϵҪ۸һŮӣǺðɣǾֱܶǣҲǣ϶ҪеЩģһὫ¸̫үү鲨˼ҹסֹ˶֪ɽһ
˻һڣǼλɽĵɫһ䣬¶һ˿֮̿ɫԭҪųǻӡҲͣ˽Ų
һӱЩأʱǻ׺ӵĻ˿˳죬ɫѾͷǳĺˣղ˵鲨ʲôˣ
鲨̫үүүүҸףҽг죬б¾۸ңǳ¼Ҳɽұүү̫үүȥɽˣҪ¹£ɽô۸һ󱲵ġһ˵
ҶԳļ˽⣬Ψһ֪ǳĴˣһţȵͨĺȻҲƳҵ̫үҸүڵ궼ţĲҪҪģЩɽһ˼˵ţŻ˵ļɵ
£Ǽλϵ㲻ˡ
£ǻ࣬˵λ¼ҵĹղŶðˡֻɽΪѹҪҵǸСӣɱǵʦֶɽƽ̵ĶӣһʱУԲŻļҲգȻûҵҵȾ͸ˣ
˵ţһ֣Ǽλϵתٵ뿪
λæ˹ȥŸˣϽ˨
ſڷϣЩɽϵԺ֮󣬲ûȥԺſڴ˺óһʱ䣬һСʲô˵ɶھ̫ԶҲû
һ֮ǲŸԷɢȥӵļȥˡ
ſɲҶʱȥ죬ӸղҲŵĲᣬ϶ð˺ãӼ飬Ǽҵ̫ү˳ЩˣҪȻЩ롣
ڷϵһҲЩϵӰ֮Ŵķߵ˳ߡ


1678 Щ
ǶһЦΪ˴һ亹ղĺգһҪ¶١
ղǼλɽϵҪ춯ֵĻȻԹۣеһжҪǰó콫Լ˵˳סǼλɽϵ
ӣղ̫ˣΪǼλϵҪ㶯֡
ǲңǳ¼Ȼڽʮֵ͵Ǽ̫үΪɽ˶ҪӣʲôСŸסͻȻǳ޷ʰˣСŸһ취ˡСŸ磬ղʲô취ԼϢȫģһӦˡ
˴Ĵָ쿴һۣ˵ⶫϢָҽȥǵʱԽ߾һλˣ͸ҵģû뵽˴ó
쿴ۣЩ˵⻹Ǹö̫ˡ
ϲ͸㣬Ǿ͵Ƕˣ
ұ쿪Ц
⻰˵ĳɫһ죬ǼɽϵûԶأľͱôˣ˼˵ЦⱦҿɲҪԺ߽϶ҪõûôĳңŰɡ
ϡôСŸ簡⻹ûأ֪۷ˣϱ治ٴЦ
³һӺ쵽˲Ӹһţֱתȥҡ
˵һֱһֱɽ˵ĸоһͻȻĽһֱķ飬˾ôĵϲ
Ƭ̵ĹͻȻ˹˳ߵС㣬ǼɽϵܻûԶ߶ҪȻԸȥ˶Щϵɱ˻
ղŻϷţһʱ侹ȻԺﻹһˣͷЩΡ
ʱ򣬳ɫˣϽȥǰɣһʲô紵ݶʱ֪ͨұá
ӦһȻ뿪˴˴
ʱתҵСŸ磬ҾЩأҪǸ㲻Ļһֱᱻ˸ţûУһ·ǶСľ裬ɽǼϵô֪ǲأ
ҵüͷһ˼Ƭ֮󣬲ŵղԼǼϵ˵Ͼֵ˸ṩϢ˵ǲطƵǣϾּȻ֪ǵ٣ΪʲôԼȴҪɽ⼸ϵأ
ѵϾֵ¶ԸСŸ磬Բɽ⼸ϵ
ҲпܵģƵǣϾô֪ǵٵأҿ˳
£ЩԻˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҺʶʲôЩִٵ˵ӣо仰֪ĵ˵ĺ
СŸ磬лֱ˵ͺãڶʱˣȸԭ˵Щ˵
ûпܣߵ˳⣬ǵٱ¶Ͼ֣̽˵
ҧһ촽һŵҾ̫пܣɽʱ⣬֮ǰûиκ˴кӣҲֻһ֪ѣҸ׵ţϽˣܳǣҸ׻ȹӦûʲô⡣
һ£ʲôˣСŸ磬֮ǰڴʡصֵܾĵһʱ䣬ûп͵͵ϰʲôλװã
˵ϸһ£ҵȷڴʡصֵܾĵҽͷףϾֵ˸ѺţǺп͵͵϶һЩֽţʱҴΪѹסˣûô
뵽ұµһ飬¶һ£ʲôûҵ
ʱǸķϵլﻻ·ǻ·Ǭ˱Ҳóһ飬һ
ô˵ǲû϶ʲôֽš
쿴ûҳʲôֵСŸ磬ûпԵĶﶯֽţµҩ߹ʲôģҲȷ١
Ӿȫһȷû뵽ڴʡصʱһֱǱóԺúȵźţҪɶԵĶˬ죬ǺпڳԵⷽҶֽš
ʡ׹֮ʢеĵطһǲò
͵͵ĸһЩƣҲǲʲôġ


1679 һ
뵽뵽үӣ֪еĻЩʡص˻ҳԵĶҩǹơ
׹֮˷ʤ汻Ͼֵڰжֽţһֱܶλҵ٣ܵĺǶãܻҵҡ
ҪϵүӣҲүӵϵʽȴҸүӽǬ˱һңָôܵϾֵѹأ˵ĵ绰Ҳ
˼Ƭ̣һˣǸҲصģʡصĸֳλȻС˱ս壬쵼ϾֵӦòҶ䶯ʲôֽţ˵ϵʽˡ
սԴҳҹϵһֱһүүֵµˣǿֵεģҸ绰ʣܸһ𰸣ʵڲУҾһүӵʵҲһֱͦүӵġ
ǣұҪֻǶ˫˫ұս岦һ绰ȥڴʱѾҹԵʣ绰˺üűܿ촫սЩƣãλ
磬Сšҳ˵
СţսһæֵСţأ
ôͻȻһʣһ£ûսʶʲôæֵðɣҵȷǲʣڵԽԽˣҲͲ˵ˣЩѾֳˣѡ㣬ʲô龡˵ɣܰĻһ
лл磬Ǳ˵𣿡ʵ
㣬ģûκ⡣սǴӴ߶졣
ҾͿżɽˣڴϾֵ˳ҷһ⣬ߵϾֵ˶ܺܿҵλãҺ֪صڷ˵һǲҪʲôֽţװλװãڷ˵ķ¹ƻҩʲôģһʵ
սһ£ŵˣǱصµˣϿ϶Ϊ̾ߣҪתĵطʮָţ侯ؾһƬҪô鷳һʲô춯ҪʱеģֻһȻܹصܵķ֮ӳѵ˲ûУԴӻĽܹصӳָͷĹһ
ô˵Ͼֵ˲û϶ʲôֽţǾˣôϾֵҵأ
ҽɻս˵һ£˵ʡǸط׹ʢеĵط³ãʡصãҴû϶ֽţﻹи
ָɽǵүϵһ£˳㿴˼ôˡ
սӦ˵̫ˣһ磬ٸϵʱϵ
ӦһлһȻҵ˵绰ҵ绰ʱսⶣһҪСССģοɲģѾصȫͨϾֺɽһҪء
ҵ˵绰֮ұ㽫˵һ£֮Ҳɻ󣬲ֻܵսϢȻ㡣
ָһ£˵һ²Ĵ㣬ɽǼϵû뿪˲һˡ
Ȼһ֮󣬱ɳ뿪һطϣֻҪ뿪ˣЩɽϵŻ뿪ȷȷʵѾһ뿪Сӡ
˵ĿǰҲֻˡ
֮󣬳ָһһεڣǸϢ
һֱ죬֮У˸˵Ǽϵȷʵû뿪һֱΧתƣá
ָսһ绰սѾϵүӣүڵãϾֵ˲һүӶ˴ΣɽصȺ鼤ܣ˵үΪһûйҲпͣôˣӦôᴦãүӱɽصһְ񣬻ϼȥˡ
սҲһϣϾֵûҷﶯֽŵ飬үҲ̫ȷôʡصľֳһ£ûС
õĴЩģɣʮơ
һǾֻðԭƻ£ڵڶİ뿪ӣ뿪֮ǰһֻҼûùĵ绰Ǳ˴֮ϵ
֮⣬ƤߣÿһһΣһǸϵȷɽЩϵ뿪֮Ҳ뿪


1680 ǿж
ڳ뿪ĵڶ죬ҵң˵ɽǼϵѾ뿪ˣֶ˼ɽװĴεȻûзط
صЩˣұࡣ
ڵʱһһƤߣҹɫ뿪ӣɵĶܿǼصˡ
뿪֮ұ˴֮ϣһ⳵ɽǵĳվȻһڳ˦һǮȥУΪڴ֮ǰҸıطϣﻹһʱŵ㣬ǵطӵΣֻһ֪ǸطΪ˰ȫûﰲκε֡
뿪ϾֵĿƷΧһ·֮ȻҲصĴ̲飬ȴʡɽǱ˺ܶ࣬Ͼֵ˻Ϊһû뿪ɽǰɡ
ڼ䣬Ҳ̲ܵ飬ҲһΣϴƤߺϴ֤ǺϵģЩҲûвʲô
һֱϢָ͸һͨ죬Ҳоʲô
ڣҲȷϾֵû϶ʲôֽţҲһֱ㷲顣
ҵָ֮һһ绰ȥһǱָҴһϢ˵ǰ죬ɽǸǿѾ˸͵˺ҶѦңѦСһǿ˵ʮأڵϦиȲתλүӵ
λүӵļ飬ǿܵ˷ǳص֮⣬һʮ־Ķ
֮á˵˵ɫζʮΣλүӲ̽˰ŷһ˿ߣλүҲ֪ǿеʲôֻ֪һԶֶ֮֮ڱ˽ǿʱ͵˺Ҷȣűһһ죬ǿˡ
ֻǿЩӣȻˣʲôʱҲһλү취ǿڵĶĿǰֻǽ˸ȫҽκˣǿǱʲôϢѦС߻һʱϵһ
ϢѾʮȷһеһжǱ˸߻õģҲȷȷʵʵǱݺǿˣ϶ҲǱ˸ʲôֽš
ʱɽص鳤ĮһһͬǿصҽԺģл֣ĮǸ£һֿܣǵҽԺҽҲпܶ֡
¶Щ鷳ˣȻ֪Ǳ˶ֽţȴȷ˭Ը޷֣ݾߣ¶ֻлһǿܸˡ
һʮѦҵλүӵģǿκãֻʱϵ⣬ֻҪǿѹҳԩѩһ죬ʱ֮ڣһǱҪȥһһʱ˵ܱܷͷǿ֮󣬸ԵɣұԻˡ
֮˵ĺڳڵܱߵһСӣӺСҲʮ˼ңһɽ괦ڰʱ֣˳λƵı㳯ǸȥȻҵһſһСʯͷʨӵԺ䣬ֱӷǽ˽ȥ
һȥûã߳һˣǳ졣
ٴμԷһЦȫ³һڳΣյĴʡɽǣҲʱȫˡ
æҽݣ˵˰ɣҲȷʵеһһӵĲˣڣģʳָ󶯣ˮ˳
Щģҿ˳
š쿴ң΢΢һЦ˵Ҿƿ쵽ˣָһӲˣ㳢ҵΡ
һЩĪĸжһѱ㽫§˻Ц˵ʲôѼ飬ҾˣɶҲ˵ˣ¶ȥ֮ҪȻǾʹɣҰȥ
סļʱ򣬸о΢΢һ£ûоܾɫǱͨ죬һƿҵˣ˵ЦˣϽԷɣһ˾ˡ
£Ƕ˱һǬ˱óƿþƣûľҲԣںȾƵʱұ㽫ǿ˵һ£Ҳü΢˿Ҫء
˱ߺȱģ֪ɫѾԼĪϾŵӵʱͻȻ䣬Ҵӷһ˿΢춯ˣҲͦˣ˫˫ķ˾ƱԽ˳
ǳˡ


1681 ֻһ
Ҳֲ̫һЩǰŸյٷûг꣬ԷŵҺͳ춼ɫ׷ó˷ԽԽ棬Ǿôҹģ
ھ֮࣬ʣµıǷŭˣ㶫أǲͣЩ׷ǵ˸һܣǲŪҲҪɲмүģСүһֻèҶǵҲȫǣֻһԼƲסԼŪǾûзĻˡ
һұƵļˣ޿˵ʱһĹ˵ôࡣ
Һͳ챼ԺӣܿͿԺﴣһӰ
ΪɽǼϵˣ񲢲ǣԷֻһˡ
˭أ
죬ôˣأϽһɣǸһܣҿ¶ûûˡ˵
Ȼһһ䣬ȴЦͻȻ˵ϵܣò㻹ƢһʹɱɱģɵģΪ㣬Ҫ˭ôĵ
Щ죬װĸͦӣүģСүʶ
˵ʱ򣬳Ҳңһɻ
λʶɻ
ܿ죬˱Ӱ˳վ׵ĵطȻһ˵ϵܣϴѪկһιר̸лġ
ȥҿǰ˵ʱǱȿҪе⣬˲ˣϴѪկʱӻϪֵ¾ߵǸѪӡ
ʵҵʱıⲢҪѪӣŻ͵ϮǻϪӣѪӴӻϪӵֵ½͵ϮɣǻϪӸˣȥι嶾
ǰϹҲԽϾڵѪկĴʦһصĴ֮׵ϣѪկȻһصҸһص֮𣬶ѪկѪӾȻʵҵлôֻǸĸоСӿ϶ûʲôġ
ѪӣòȻ֪Ѫӹûʲô飬ϱ뻹Ҫ˵ĹȥϾҶѪҲо֮һҲ鷳أҺαظԼһС
ǰòԴѪկһ𣬺þòһֱϵܵĶ飬ٴμ棬˴ιǵлġ
˵ţѪӱ⶯һ£ģ˵㰡ŵ˺þƵζղǻͦôѵϵҪһֱվ˵ҽȥ
һ㶣Ҫ˵ʱһץסҵĸ첲΢΢ҡͷʾⲻҪ˽ȥǵѪӻǶʲôֽţҡҡͷʾģǺһЦ˵Զֺ³Ǻÿͣе˵ĵѪӣɣǺһ
áѪӹһЦǵ󣬽ӣȻԷֱ
˾ƿѪӵһƣȻŵѪӣںȾ֮ǰһʣҺ֪Ѫҵҵٵģ
ѪӶ˾ƱһھƣʱҷСĴָźܳһָףһģùƵˣһСָ׸ǣ¹ƣѪùƵֶҼʶʮǿұҪСĽ䱸С
һ˶ǣѪӳ΢΢һЦ˵ϵܣʵ㲢ѣصȻһصȫضзֶ棬˵ʲôطͻǵˣʤҲ˵һ
ԣѪǸдʣһ·ʮֵСģҲݹģ˷֣϶;ҵҡ
ѾԽԽԺˣϾֵܹҵҵķλһصҲܹ׾ٵҵңôаˡ
뵱ڶǵʱһ·û˵ļ
£ҲѪӵĻԣֻǳ΢΢ЦţȻѪӱ㿴˳죬۾һ˵ѽϵܣǺøڶ䵽أĴصɽ׷ɱ߾Ȼһλ֪ɷ˰õ˹ɫȵӰϵЩŮǿƯ࣬ʣǶ˼ӢˬҪϵķĴɱҲֵˡ
ɫһ죬һۣȴҲûзֱ硣
⿴ѪӣһЦ˵ѪӣԶĹֻǹҵлȾƣ϶ɣһֱֱȥϲĨǣʲôǰϣֱ˵á


1682 £
ѪӸҹĨǣﲻ֪ʲôжȴҲָܹʲôæֻҪұѾˡ
ҲøЩ߰飬ֱ˷ʱ䣬Աֱӿżɽ˵֮ǸظңҸ衣
ͬΪıѾѱˣһصʲôǣڵҾѾ鷳ˡ
˵ֱףѪͻȻһЦ˵ϵܾˬ죬Ҿϲӣ㽻ѣȻϵܶ˵ˣҾͲٸ㶵Ȧˣʵأ㣬ģϵĴصɽ׷ɱ˵䲻Ļֱ͸һ㣬˺Ҫǲ㣬ϵܳҪɽǰ˵У³˵϶Ҳ֪ҲǿϵһڹկϪӵоһǾǷˡ
үģСôģ
Ȼ룬ȴǹϲ˵ѪӣҾǰʾлˣ˵˵ɣβɽЩϵУ
ѪӶʱļԴǰһ̽Щ˵ܼ򵥣Ҫ벻ɽصЩ׷ɱǾҪһǿӲĿɽֻҪǿܹסȫЩɽ϶ʲôµģ͸һѪկɣʦһصĴ֮׵ϣһص֮˵һֻҪϼѪկһڳԵģǾϵһڳԵģѪկ֮Уʦ֮⣬˶󣬳ģģǮŮӦоУȫһ仰飬֪ϵΣ
ҲµĲ࣬Ѫӹûаʲôģǳұɽص׷ɱ֮ʣҪ£Ҽаһص
Ҫǻһˣǿջ֮˵ʹӦ
ΪҲûа취İ취ص黹һصǲģʱһصܵϵıӻò벻õɽǱߵ׷ɱɽϼһƻϵĶ֡
֮ǰһصļ϶֣Щ˵ΪȻ˵ǿɱȸϣҲǻԵɺϣҪôֵ໥ϣֻɫüԳϹ̵ģһѣҹҲ޷ų
һص֮Ĵ֮ףΪҲߵһʵʮǿҹţӦøӦһλġ
Ѫһ˵аתǧأ˺ܶ顣
ʱѪΪԥֵϵܣ㻹ʲôԥģ¼ΪΪаصɽɶǿ˵ֵΣصնɱǧаʬһͱʬɱˣصôģΪʧɽƽ̵ĶǱҪأԵɶòˣ˵ϵɱ˲ɽƽ̵ĶӣһͨͨɽĵӣҲܵôΪصҲǹۿ˵ͣ׸ƵĻɫΪ棬ǲϵܵʵ̫ɺˣҵǾã䲢ûʲôа֣֮˭ȭͷ˭ĻԹܿܣһصƿ£ص顢ɽ֮Ҳаħϵܣѧ֮ףԺȻǰ;ɽȺëУǿϧ
Ѫӵһϯ͵һǴеʹ㡣
˵ֺγأ
СүҲԶǧǶԸаʬնɱʬǱӲţأɱģǲףֱӾ͸ҶҪүүڰжֽţͲ֪Ūˡ
˵˲ҲԴҡ
ѪӵĻȻҵɺܼᶨΪҾʲôطк˺ͻ֣֮صСҲ⣬ǾǺõġ
һصʲôɫ
ɰǧⶼǱ˳֮Ϊа̵Ĵڣ¾޹Ϊ˴ﵽĿĲֶΡ
ǵĿֲǼʶģΪ˵õӵж¯֮ӤǾȻһӵ˶ˣֲҾ徵飬Ҳֻһصܹɵĳ
£Ҹɿһ˵Ѫ֪һص֮ӺһصĴ֮һȸϱҵУͰ׻ҲҶ֣һصеĲҪһصһصǼλܹݵң
ϵܣֻҪϼһص˵Щⶼ⣬ֻҪʦһ仰༸λҲҶǴӦĻҽϱ㵽ϹѪӼ


1683 
СȲҪҼһصһǱΪˡ
Ҳ˵ڵҲûеͶ·ľأôһ죬ҲһصаĴڣԴҳһҸһص֮ӽˣǲݡ
ļһصô㣿һˣȪ֮Ҳ޷һصĶ֮¡
ңүүص鵱УǻľֳҪǼһصǸүүΪУ
ֱǿЦѪӻ쿪ƨȥ룬Ҳܼһصġ
ѪӣһҪصĿһ£øҵʱ䣬һʱЩܲˡ˸ڷܵ
˵ѪӿȥԵЩˣٴ˵ϵܣ治֪㻹ھʲôصɽƵݶˣʱΣգɽǼϵ֪ʲôʱŶһһصŻһ
һ£ֵһ飬ϵ϶֪ΪǼʱ򣬶λӦڳӵж¯֮ӤʱӤһصУӦ֪ӤǸʲôõİɣ
֪ʵ֪õģ
һصǰǰ̣һټʮǰǳս֮У̽ձ·ϻɱܶղδɢǴʮļΪӵж¯֮ӤʬˣʱգܶȫСӤ֮󣬱ִһص۷磬νĽţ¶һصУһһص㽫ܵܶãǿԪѫʱҪʲôûУѪ˵⻰ʱһֽĳݡ
Ѫˣұ˵ˣԭǸӤȻΪ˴£ܶأл𣿡
ܶڡ
⻰˵һ룬ҵ̾ԭѪӾȻ֪յ䣬̫ˣ֪ղʲôطδʱ򣬾ĽҲܹһͷ󻼡
ѪӸſڱȻֹ˵ˣһ£ҺٺһЦ˵ܶʲôطʲôʵ֪ܼ򵥣ֻҪϼһصұȥ˼Σ
룬СӵǴһֺ̣ŴװͿһٶǰǰôģѵ֪
ǰҼүһүһ𣬴·˰̵ܶ棬ǰҲǼӵүУҪǼ˰գҪ֪ҵĺˣ÷ַӾ͵ŪңֱڿЦ
գһҡҡͷ˵һصĿǿǰɣϾͬСɡ
ѪӶʱɫһŵҲգȻϵִⲻϣҲǿ󡣡
˵ţѪӱóһֽϣ˵ҵϵʽͨˣ͸Ҵ绰ʱԹߡ
˵գѪӱϵľƿҵһƣҲԼһȻֵϵܣǸһϣܹͨһı¡
˵ţѪӱ˾ƱһҲֽƱԥźȲȵʱһԵĳͻȻ֣һҵϣǾƱͷ˳ȥ˵ϣʱǵ֮ϱðһŰ̡
һʱѪͻȻóһذףҵĿ˹
ò֣ԵӵסѪӵذס
ѪӼûɱңֱӶеذףһΣ㳯ſڱ˳ȥ
գۼͲӰ
үģû뵽ѪǰһлڸҳֵܣһֱӶҶɱϢҾ¶Ȼذ״ң׺ݵĲҪҪġ
ʵҵƵʱұѾ˷ǾҲǲȵģѪʲô֪ܲڷֱӶɱģҪңԾ󻼡
ƵǣصɽҪɱңھһصҲ֡
үģ浱Сүأ
һӣΰεض𣬱㳯Ѫӵķ׷˹ȥҲǰһͬ׷ȥ
ֻǸһſڣǶûԤϵʱˣӭͻȻɹһȺ󻨶ӣɫǷ˹һƬ˵ҲмֻƺƵʮˡ
£ոձſڵҺͳ㱻ЩƳ˻ȥͬʱ˼շ䣬˼򣬳Щ˹ȥ


1684 Ѳƶ
ҺͳҪȥ׷Ѫӣ㱻һȺƷɶ˻ҺҷӦʱ˼շ䣬˼޴Ļ򣬳ЩĹƳ˹ȥԸƳõİ취ǻЩƳһ棬ʱɲһ˲һƬ£һڳųֱӱԺӣŴΧȥ
ûһסҵСŸ磬Ǵȥ׷Ѫ𣿡
Ƶȥ׷˵ȻҰңȻѾܵķȥ׷ҪͶҴߵķǸ෴ģǸϽ뿪ߵĿ˵ܹȥпѪӵʦҲˣֻܾ·һ
˵ţٴ˳񱼣Ȼȥٴסңɫص˵СŸ磬ҾѾûˣһص϶ܲ޵ǿ϶߲ˣﵹһ취֪СŸԸԸԡ
ӣϽ˵ⶼʲôʱˡҵ
취кܴΣԣһܹɹЩɵ˵
ҲܱһصǿһðһԡҼ
ҾױȽϺãص˹ץ㣬ص˹ץһص˻ǻԸأ΢Цŵ
һﾪˣ취õĺܣôû뵽أ
һصصͷص֮ĿıΪ˶һصĴڣصһص֮ǶìܹϵصȫڲìܣǿԵ͵ģصһصأҪϣǻײ򣬵͸
õļֱûˣȻںܴΣԣ߻ǺģһصصʱҲóߣѲƶǻë¶
뵽һѾͽ§˻ͷһ£ӣҷүҵɽ㣬̫ˡ
ұ㽫ֻ˳̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ӵֺԴҿˡ
ֻó֮ͻȻԥһ£绰ô˭أ
ڴʡЩԶˣսҲУʵСӴòֲ֪ĵ绰
Ȼ䣬һˣϾ쵼֮ĹڴףǸ˱³ܵ϶ձ壬֮ǰҪɱҵʱ򣬱ҷһ٣ʱҸձһ绰׸ձ绰ʱҿһǸ绰룬һ룬Щӡġ
ߵļǿܶʱ򶼹Ŀƾż䣬Ǹ绰룬ֱӸձ˹ȥ
绰˺üȻͱͨˣ绰ܿ촫һЩϵλ
ңûУҺٺһЦԴĿ˵
ֻ˵һ仰ձ˭˵㵨ӲСȻ绰
վֳⲻû¶ôʺһ£֪ʱ˯ûҼЦ˵
ͦŰʱձѾЩŭ
û취ϰˣСţ˸ţֻվֳЩŲǸŪңұһ٣治֪վֳǷţصûбץңִɽţϵҲһ㣬ҴƤӵ¸ˡˣˣ˵վֳҲɽˣʦֵܣҲΪˣϾټɽû׽סңҲ֪˵ɶˣֳģؼҶöˡǼΪ˼ŭձ塣
Ȼ˵ʱձĴϢĳЩȵģûеƿڴֻЩҧгݵ˵ҿŵʲôʱ򣡡
˵գձֱӾ͹Ҷ˵绰ҸоѾĿҪףĶӦñˡ
绰ȥձ϶ͨйزŲѯڵλãҶλȻдĸָϹ׽ңһΣҾǵǿһܴ󣬲ɽĸִĸصϷأΧˮйͨ
һصҪŪңصҲҪŪңǵ˵ĵ˾ҵѡ
ϵúˣһ԰ѳ
˵绰֮һҲûػҲûнֻͳϾֵһʱ䶨׼ҵλãʱ䡣
ֻҿһ۳죬Ѿ̲סڡЦЦ绨һĺÿЦգӱСŸ磬ҷ̫ˣձ϶Ҫը˲ɡ


1685 
ҲùձûըҵĿǴﵽˣղ϶˹ʰңͷձԲŹ׽ҵľʱġ
ЦݣСŸ磬Ǹô죿
ʵĺãôأҲ˼⣬Ƭ̣ҳܿһۣ˷ƶΧһصˣ͵Ͷأ˵ǵط˷ǹȥǵȦףǻȥȾƣǿǲȥԼˣǻһʱ䣬ص˳߸ⳡս綼Ҫǻȥһ¡
˵ͷ˵Ŀǰ˵Ҳֻˡ
֪Һͳ۷ǸԺӣǲûйںȾƳˡ
ҾѪҲǹƵģղ͵ϮһѣûгɹΪҺͳ׷ȥȻļƣҺͳǰ۷˻ȥȫǲ·ƵĽࡣ
Һͳȥ֮ԺΧֹһȦ̽һ·һҪǴĸʣҾܵĻ᲻ֻܼϣصܹ˻ˮˡ
Ҳȫص飬ҲԼԼһ·
Ժصʱ˵һһʵڿסʱţɱһѪ·ߣǾԸҵģû̫Ĺϸ뼴һصҲ̫Ϊѳ죬Ͼ˼ǳĴˣǵҪĿɱңȻȫк
˵¶ʱ򣬳ûֻǾĿҡ
Ժ˴ԼаСʱҵĹ⾰Ժ洫˽ŲݶҲ죬Ƭ֮󣬺ܶӰ˷̧֣ͷȥʱһ¾ð˺üʮˣֱӽҺͳΧˡ
Һͳ֮ǰйЩ˳ֵʱǶûκεĻҡ
ҳЩ˿ȥʱ򣬾Ȼһ־Υ˵ĸо
Ҵӳ֮ûñһصӣ֮ĶԹһֱһӵж¯֮Ӥ֮ȻûʲôˣһڹկѪӳ⣬Ǹ˺þãҲżһصЩˣͻȻһҪɱ¾ĸо
үģһֱصɽ׷ɱͱһŻЩɱҲɱãֶ£һصСүеĽѾЩˡ
ѪһεĽȾɡ
ЩΧ֮󣬷׷˷һһ²߰ʮ֮࣬£ϴ֣¶һ˫۾Ϥһص
Ƭ֮ԺӵűƿȻѪһγҵǰ߻εŮĻ֦չҲʮ߰ģ۵ĸоƤˮ
һ۾ܹĳŮȻһ޺ģȴʮĹŮ
Ѫӳ֮󣬱΢Цų˹
Ѫӣ㻹ǲ̫صô˵֮ǰڹկʱҲȹһ㵹ã𱨣ڱ󻹲һҲˣҲȥ׷㣬ִ˻ʲô˼Ѫ˵
ѪӴ֦չĹŮ߰˲ĵطͣȻЦϵܣ¶أɲܹңҸˣһصͶѪկ£ƽƽȴ֪ôܾҵһ⣬Ȼ㲻һصǾǻһصΪУҲĻ֮󣬱ؽһصͷ󻼡
ûһصҪȻôĶ֪֮ҲһָƽƽЦ˵
ϻ˵㷴ڻüһĻϣһԸһλᣬֻҪҸµĹƣԸ⳼һصұ֤ɱ㣬Ѫٴ˵
ҳɨһۣ˿ЩһصˣͻȻٺһЦ¶һڴٴοѪӵѪӣҪԸңʹôˣͲɱİɣҼǵһص˸һڻţɱħһصһң˵һζҪˣЩˡ̫ˣ
˵ֵʱ˵ֶΣ¶һܹվ˷Щһص˶ʱŵķ׷׷һ֮һǶŲûվȣһӷϹòǱ
ڣһɱħڻŻǴĵ־ġ


1686 һɱȥ
Ѫ۾һУŭ͹ֲˣɱ
һ£˷Щ˷׷״ĴְҲ׼Щ˶֮ǰұ˼շ䣬ϣȻָ߶Ǽϱ㻷Һͳܣһʱ䶣죬ǼЩѿ
֮䣬ұ㽫˳ʹһȺս콣еİˮ־һһ֮ԴԴϵĵ֮ܵ˽ǣ˷汬ѿʮط𣬰˵İ֮Ѫ֫ϱҲŵһ
֮ǰҸԷǼ䷿Ҳֱ̮̳ʯɣ̣ҲǹģʵҲǱãصɽ׷ĸɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ҲܴɱҲɱˣһصҵһͲҪġ
ܿ죬һг䶨Ǽշϱ£ٴγȥʱ򣬷Щԭڵһصļһһһаˮ֮УԺĴȫǲ֫ϱۣѪɺӣҵĿԽЩһصСආѪӿȥʱ򣬷Ů˸Զķ֮ϣܵĵͦ졣
ֻһۣұһס˳ĸ첲ߣһɱȥɱʹʹ죡
ãӦһৡһе㻷һɢĺɷ˲һ·ֱײЩûбˮŪһصɺηĳ˹Һӵֽɱ֮£ûһ֮Уɱɱ֮䣬˱㿳ɱʮˣֱɱһѪ·񱼶ȥ
Ժ֮ų׼һ񱼶ȥֻǸûǰļʯͷͻȻշǵǰЩʯͷССмʮ飬Ȼ
꣬ʯͷôԼˣ
Ҿδ֮ʱҺ˼ʧɫãʯͷƣʯͷȫǴССĹƳ棬ʯͷоʯͷУƳʯͷҪǵ
˵䣬һ֣Ͳ֮ͻȻɳ˼޵ı˰ѪȻ㻯˼ޱȵĺɫ磬Щշʯͷ𣬽Щʯͷȫ˰ͷųЩϯסʯͷ˲ʧȥ֧ţΪЩоʯͷĹƳ棬ȫ˰֮ˡ
˰ڤ֮أޱȣһմȾϲôˣֱܹܵǿ˺
ȥ˻Ȫ·ϵȥȡǱ˰ðôķգΪñ˰Ȼⶫһһǿ޼᲻ݣﲻƣЩƳһ֮ȫŪˣʯͷ׷׻˵ϡ
ôһ飬Ȼ䣬ǵٴΧ˶ʮˣбѪӺߵŮ
һС㣬ʢС׺ĺܣһ̫ţڹկʱҲûü㶯֣û뵽еˡѪ˵
ڲ֪ǲЩˣҴӻϪģұҪȡ˵գҲٸѪӷϻһеĽ꣬Ȼһٰ˲Ѫɱ˹ȥɱѪӵͬʱҸʹһɫʾȥʰѪŮŮҲǲСҪȻѪҲǳҡ
һٰ˲һʮֵĽǶȳѪӵߣһ㳯ϴ˹ȥȻѪӲûжǻһĨЦ̧ͷ֣һѷۺɫķĩ˹
⣬ǹƣµľرһǧƣСҪϵĻëʲôƣܳкǧȫյȫգڲУǼʲôƶҪ㣬ǰѽѪӻаҵʱұٴδ߶ٰ˲ѪӵһߣʱѪͻȻϳһͷһ۵Ķһּ䣬Ƕӵġ˿˿죬̽˹ҪмܵʱͻȻоЩ̫ԾǽϵͷͻȻſͣɫĶҺ
̫ˡ
ڵʯ֮䣬õٰ˲ѪӼվԭһһЦңǳ׼ϵĹƶܹγǿѹá


1687 ɫ
ҶԸѪӵͬʱҲŮɱŮѪõķ࣬ҲõĶֻһԴҲܹ³Һ
ڳŮƴ֮ʱŮֶиָĹƶųкһͦƯŮӣҲһϽϵֶҲĶ࣬ҿƯżı˰ɫĻ£ЩƶһЩɫĻ棬ȫΪУһбһصҪȥ͵Ϯߵһ˰ɳϯȥһմȾǱ˰Ļ磬˱ֱͦͦĵڵϣɫĻյʣ¡
ӵֶҷģԱ϶ûɶ⣬ֻҪܻסԼҾͿԷſȥɱˡ
վԴҵѪӣҵҲ¶һ˿ݵЦ
ΪСүʰ㣿
ţһ֣еĽٴηɳֱѪӶȥǽһУ㱻콣еĽߵٿʱǧӰѪֶȥ
Ȼ޷ѪսǱʹ빥ɱУ˲ܿס
Ȼһ껯콣Ӱֱ˹ȥʱѪӵ¶˾ŵɫӴһصһҪֹķâֱӱ˺飬ѪɣѪ䣬ĲٲˣҽжûУ˾ķˡ
ɳֱ룬ƲɵֱѪӶȥ
ھ֮࣬Ѫæ˼һеŪһȻĽס˽꣬еһƬŪĽӰײһ𣬷죬಻
СֶҲܽסеĽ꣬ɻܽסҵһ
£ٴһͭǮͭǮٴɣһǧٵͭǮӵʱ֮ڱ㱻Ҽ˳ƺƵѪӺȻѹȥ
ѪӦǽߵЩԹ˲ϾֿôͭǮ˹ȥŵĲɫ
Ѫھ֮࣬˾ϣͻȻһؿڣſһźںɫѪѪʱǧƳ棬ͭǮӭײ˹ȥʱ㽫ͭǮˣЩƳҲȫͭǮ˸ɾ
ǽѪӣѪ;
һʹѪҲЩˡ
£Ჽȥһ֣ͭǮһҵУŽͷϣţҴֱӽ
ͭǮٰ֣˲㵽ѪӵߣһĿѣһΣ˹ȥȻһֻ֣ٴγ˹ȥ
һΣѪӲûжҲӳһƳ
֪ѪΪʲô㣬ΪйƶҲû˿ķ£ҼƣͬʱŴƣԺһƹȥ
̺֮⣬ҵΪŴ
һȥ֪ѪһҺӾͱ˳ȥѪ˳
еĹƶֱӱҴеˡ
СҪңһ
Ѫӹڵأһָȥ궸Ȼı˷򣬳ŹڵѪ˹ȥһȥ˵صѪӵСƾҪˡ
ȻۿǽҪѪϵʱͻȻ䣬֪һѿĴ󿳵͵һ¾ҵĽ֮ϣǽתìͷҾͷ˹
һ֣æȥǽ꣬һ֣ұоһǿӿϣҵ͵һһž̤һӳ
ؼʱ̣ǶתǬƷǹǿжȥ
һǺηʥð˳Ȼ͡
Ǳ߸ŮĳƺҲо˾޴ΣæǱ߳վҵߣǳһۣһ˶ûУŷתͷңһص˵СŸ磬׻ˡ
һ˵ղһͣԭǰ׻Ϻճ֣Ѫһ
Ȼ䣬Ѫӵص߳һߣĿ࣬׷һ֣ǰѵҽնջУȻֽϵĻѪѪӸ
Ǹʶžһصİ׻ϣ׻ϳֳ֮һƬȺȫһص˵Ĵ磬ϳܷɢһνҺͳΧһˮйͨ
ҴȺ˵УҵһɫӲߣƺ㣬˱˹үү䳤ϡ


1688 ܶ
üһҾ˵һصҪɱңֻɳѪһӳ϶ĸ𳡣ԭΪѪӵʦϣʮأһûм˵ڰϹȴҲ뵽ûйǰ׻Ϲˡ
̵ȷǹЩľ
׻䳤ϵźƺƵһȺˣҸоҲж֮ڣҺͳ˸Χסһˮйͨ
ֳҾüΣѾİˣǶǰ׻䳤ϣûжĵ
ǸΧ֮ǰ׻ϱ㻺ߵѪӵߣֽѪֹѪӸ˵ֶҾ˵ôöԸģƫҪԼȥʰǳ˴ɣ
ѪĨһǵѪȻ޺޵Ŀң飬Ȼҽ˳㣬Ū
Ѫӣ΢΢һЦ˵Ѫӣ򲻹ң˵㼼ˣۿɱ֣ҪǲĻٴһأƽ
㡭ѪٴλһѪ߳ղһƹȥСˣư궼ָҾǱŪСȥġ
ﻹٸƴı¡
ʱǰ׻ϿңҲ΢΢һЦ˵ּˣʱûΪֳ˲٣ϷĿ࿴
ɿ佱ҵҵ׻һȣǲĺܶ࣬Ρһ֣װģ˵
ǰ׻ȴһЦ˵Сӣ˵ģѪӦö˵ˣڱصɽ׷ɱɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ͷһصõѡ񣬼ǣ˿ɽԣһǿĳУǺֻ·һںڻü
νͬΪıǿϧ˰׻һ⣬ڹȻЩûеһصֹ˺ĵزûģҪ򣬾֣ܶ򣬾ÿһ·뿪Щеûģ˷ʱ䡣ҳ
Сӣ㻹ôϴˣСӽңҵҪôӣӵ䳤ǰһ۾˵
ҿ䳤ϣɨΧ£ҵˣ֪һս⣬ֱӽеĽ꼤˳
䳤˵Ǿ仰֮Ҽ֮ʣһΣ㵽ҵĽǰȻһг˹
ƷǿģƣµһƷе˻ҩΣǽѩ
䳤ϣһҶ˺ɱУŲ֮ʱسɴֶΣֶβٰ֪˲Ҫ٣գۼȻұһƣұܵĿȻһգΪ֮ɫһɽ˹
һΣҲûжҲûеĽȥУֱӻһƣӲĳ䳤˹ȥ
˽Ծ϶ƣǰҲǱЫȴûǰηˣҴ̩һˣʦѧһдƣ̺֮⣬ܹƶղѪӱһϳ˴
£ұһƣֱȥ϶ƣĳһƵͬʱһƺͶתǬƵͬӳ֣ҵǿܻܲ䳤ơ
ǴѧֶΡ
ײˡ䡱һ죬֮Ӷȥ֮ϼһˣϢ
վһĳ쾹ȻҲסǿϢֱڵסգ˵˼Χ£Щһص˸ˡ
˫ײʱҷ϶ǵһĨóѰЦݣȻҲܹоӵ֮дһ֮
ܿ죬ǴƵһݺᣬֱӽǹɺ˻ȥ
һ̣䳤Ϸһƺߣ͵ɫ䣬岻ѡ
ڳ䳤һ֮岽һȥһӣµʯӷۡ
ڶתǬƽ䳤ϼϵȫתƵ˵֮ϣҪȻܹܵס䳤ֲһơ
ʱûСôôˡôܳԵסϷơ䳤Щŵ˵
ﻹϻ߶߶ʱеĽһűһз绢һԴſ֮ԴԴϵĵɷ֮˳һĽ³֮䣬֮϶ʱһĹ֣һɫĽ˾䳤Ϻݺݵײȥ


1689 ɱ˵Ļ
䳤ϱǾ岻ѣһ㿴ʩչһ͵콣ʽɫ䡣
˵ֶβɹһسɴ磬˾ͲӰɫĽɵľŰ׻ϺȻȥ
ǰ׻ϵĺܣվһֻǸ߸߾еնȻһɽ㽫ɫľΪ룬ǾǽЮһ֮ϵʯɳΪ֮󣬱㳯߱ȥʱЩһص˸Ʒ˺Щ
׻һҲûɶˣҲҸɵĻȥ
һǿˣٸһص˶ʱһɱҺͳ߰
˫ʱ֮иֳһ˰ƻѩ
СŸ磬㶥סλϣʰˡڼ˱˰ʱתͷ˵
˵ʵеκһʰˣ˵ˡ
ʱûѡ򲻹ҲӲ
ǱߵѹȻҲСٸһصˣҲѪӺߵŮڣһߵѹС
û취Ѿ޷ĵزøɡ
˰׻ޣ컨ɢ꣬Բ㣬Ըϼ⣬һڶ𣬿䣬ɱ֮⡣
ҷ־ǰ
̺ɱ֮ȴ˸оĺ䡣
һϣеһ˰ʱҺͷ֮ϣųһѪĹâ֮䣬Һͷ֮ϱſ˰ǻĻ䣬һʱǧϰ٣Ŀֻǿűޱȡ
˰ɱ˵ĻϻȪĻǧٶ˰ͷƬ̣˲㳯ܷɢȥЩΧǵһص˹ȥ
һ̣˼Ҿ㷢ˣһƬˣʱЩ˰ϣȻһѪɫĻǵڶЩֱӱ˰ȼˡ
ҽûüмʮ˵˱˰֮£ȫӷۣһɢΪֲ
ҿ춯һУҲһ̫ǿˡ
ӳͷϵǶ˰ϻڲϵѱű˰ƮɢȥЩһص˿ٵƮ˹ȥ
Щһصһ˰˿ֲŵķ׷׺ˡ
ڴʱ䳤ͻȻǵĲԶеļɫЩɫһƮɵ˵ͷ֮ϣʱһɫâӭЩ˰ȥһЩ˰ɫĹâ֮ϣʱ㱻ɫĹâɵˡ
׻ϻеնֱӳɱ߻Ųٸ֡
ֱп࣬ûȥéɽҵСȸӻȲȺսǹһҲΪ
ȻûȣϻһļһǱǶʦ֣ǰʱԸʬʱһﻹʬʬǬ˱˺óһʱ䣬Ҳó͸͸ˡ
ӭ䳤ϣֽʦָק˳㳯ǰ涪˳ȥʦһأڵϹ˺üȦһշδѵģۿŰ׻ϾҪߵʱ򣬶ʦֲŻ˻Դӵͷ߿һۣһ˫С۾һת˲ʲôɻʱ䵽ˡ
Ȼ䣬ʦԭؾͱһ޴Ļ򣬡䡱һڡ
ǰİ׻ϲһײ˶ʦֵϣһæ㿪ˡ
Ǹڰ׻ߵһȴûɲסֱӾͱʦϵĻסˣʱյž죬Һֹܿ͵˵ϡ
ҽʦַųӦó죬ԸͰ׻λϵ˻ǵýҡ
һ䣬ұ߶һˣὣ㿳˹ȥȻ;һͷʱ϶֪ʲôʱͳҵߣһ˫ԧסҵĽꡣ
Цһԧ÷һ㣬˹æȥӣЩӦӲϾڴʱǰ׻Ҳնɱ
ֻýͭǮ˳˳˱ͭǮмһ
ܳŵʲôʱʲôʱҲ˲ôˡ
ͭǮոɣûгŰ׻ϴȥʱͻȻ䣬ͷϴһ޴ĺ¡¡죬һ̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ͷϳ˺üֱ
ȥ
ֱûзɹȻǡաһǹ˹
ˣ˫ֱͷ򵱳Уһȵ֪ʲô˹


1690 ս
ͷǿٷֱ˷ǹڳʱ
ڸҽֵͰ׻ȫͣס֣׷׺˼Ҳܿˣųǳ˾롣
һʱȫɵˣ֪ʲô顣
һص˲֪ҺͳжŶ塣
֮ǰҸϾصľֳձһ绰¶Լ٣ձڵһҪΧڴ˴
ȻʱҶ϶ѪӲᵥǹƥĹɱң϶һصΪĽɫԣҲŻἤŭձ壬׽ҡ
û뵽ձϼһﾹȻộֱӳֱһܡ
ֱװֱǸܵĶġ
ձ϶Ҳû뵽߻һصˡ
Ҳ͸ձһݶɣҪܹ׽һصλϣǾǴһЩһص˳ã೤ʱ䶼ûгˣһ¾㡣
صͻȻ֣Һͳ컹ʮֻϲġ
ϾǶԣһصĵˣǻײһĴڣһһصˣﻹ˼ɵǡ
һ䣬˷ͻȻֳһȺˣȺ˵дŵ۵ɽˣҲдɽװصˣдԲʷ侯ؾƺƵһѷɫһصΧҵЩ
ǣҸоصһЩϾձĿΪ׽סһˣû뵽һصڣؼǻһǿ
ܿ죬ұ㿴ɽǼɽϵҵǵĿֱӹңҶͰ׻ϵϡ
һɽĵŵֱӱһֿڣҲݣһصİ׻䳤ϾȻ⣡
ǼϵҲ˼ʮɽװصˣҲס˽Ų۾ֱһصϵϣĳ
˵ĿⶼֱԹҺͳ죬һص
ô˼ˡ
Ͱ׻ͻȻôص˳֣û̫ľţǰ׻ǰһɽǼϵ˵һصڴ˰¶ɽ˹ʲô֣ʶĸϽɽʲô鷳Ļ
׻ϵĻǷʮģһصȻصͷڽ֮ϻǵһа̣˶ڣƣʵԶԶɽɣûиһص濹ʵһɶУéɽ
ƾһصʵҪκһɣرѵ飬ԣһһصˣǾһЩܲͻ㲻ͻ
ղǰ׻˵ĻʮֲɽЩ˼ӣɽЩϵš
ǰһ˰׻ϣ˵û뵽˰׻λϣǴˣϱˣһصǽһа̣˵ö֮ǺɽصϣͰɣܹЩࡣ
úúáҿɽܹ̫̫ƽˣȻ͹ֲҵĺˣ׻ϻδ䣬еն߾һХ֮һܿϯɽǼϵ㿳˹ȥ
ڰ׻ϳֵһɲǼ䣬ܵǹʱͬʱ䳤һ֣˦ɫķڰ֮УסڳһصˣصЩӵȫ⣬һصҲûţ˸ְɼصЩ˴˹ȥ
Щ侯ؾȻǹڣԵڽŷɥĵһаһصԵĶʮǿߣʵ⻹Ƿǳġ
߽ȵµЩ侯ؾ˲ʮУҽŵ˵ϣΪֲѪӴǼˣŮһʱųƳ滹лɵĶɶ꣬˷ȥ
ǽŷɥֶΣǻϪ˭ǣ˵ǴӰϹѪկаʦˡ
ǧ˶̸ɫ䣬µľа˷ʤ׹֮
һֽһ±޷ˣһص̾͸ǰ׽ҵɽص˸
ղǰ׻һ㽫ɽĻλ˳ȥƣ˺ա
ߺûʲô¶ˣ£ס˳֣˵ߣ


1691 Ѱ֧Ԯ
Ӧһұ˼շ䣬ϣҺͳܣȻ㳯Χ˳ȥЩĴ׷ɵϣǾͲˡ
ڸոճȥ֮ұһϾصڴ绰źںѰ֧ԮѰ֧ԮһصĴ䳤ϺͰ׻ϣһҪɸֹ춥סˣһҪ죡
Ǵ绰ӣоǼһ㣬绰ûд꣬һصĺ˳ŷֻûüֱӳһһص˶˳ȥŷһ
ӭǹֵ꣬ų쳯Χ˳ȥ
ճ˼Ŷϵֱһӵȫ֮ϣȻ죬үģ˳շ䣬˼򣬳ֱ˹ȥŵֱתͷһ˳ȥ
ǳһξ֮һ֣һڣʦֶʱ㳯߷ɱųԾ˶ʦֵĺ󱳣ǰַɱȥ
ȻǸձȥûãǰ׻ϵ𣬵ѪӣŴɱɾЩصӥȮҺ䳤ȥ׷СӣһˣҪնɱⲣ
׻ȥЩصɽ˻ɱģһҪԴߵǸ椸ڡѪӵԶԶĴӱ˹
үģѪӶҴǰģˣҵӣɫ죬ղҾӦüӰѾֱŪ
ǵŶʦַɱս֮󣬻ͷȥʱ򣬶ʱһҷ׻һͷɫϻ׷˹ǰ׻ĸͷĳ棬һͷţƵģһŰɫĹâӦòʵ壬ٶȺܿ죬Һͳ׷
Ҳˡ
ǲɽصɱܹ׷Ҹʲô
ղĻҲЩ˼˵ǻҪŪҡ
һصĻ˭Ĵ֮⣬бĴϸ߼Ĵ󻤷߼Ĳܶ
һ˲䣬ҵԺֳ︡˺ܶʣҲǼƽЩʱ򣬻Ҫһ¶ʦֵƨɣٶȿһЩٿһЩҵһƬˮֱӶˮȥϼһ׷ˡ
ǰ׻ŵͷ׻ٶҲܿ죬ʼոǵ󣬺ôѲ
ʱұǰĳӣطӦϤ֪⸽ûʲô󽭴ӵģǶˮߣӵıȽһЩ
Ȼȴ˵طӵǲ࣬ԶһСĺ֪ܲС
ˮĵط඼ԣ±ɳָ˷ҼԦŶʦֱ㳯кǴڿ񱼶ȥ
һͿʮӣսȦԽԽԶˣһʼǹʹ򶷵ɱ죬žԽԽԶҲˡ
Ͼֵձ϶ը˲ɣ׽ҵģȴһصЩˣԸǴ´࣬ҪԸһصٺ֣һѪƵ£ǿ¾ͺˣǰ׻䳤׷ңЩҲʰһصЩˡ
ձǱҳ׸ˣһ֪Ԯ֮ǰЩ˻ܻܲһ롣
ɽǼϵҲ޷ȫˡ
Щʱұͷٿһۣǰ׻Ű׻ǲԶĽĸǣߵķХֻž쵽˺ߣһԾ£Ƕ˵׷ɱ
λΪʵ̫ǿˣɽλšһ鶼򲻹һ˵ˡ
ΪͰ׻ϻǸһֵĸֶ֣Ҳ˶١
ˣǰ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰ͻȻǰһӰõǵǰ棬Ҷһˣ϶
һȻسɴֶΣǰҵǰ棬סҵȥ·
ҸոշӦ䳤ϱ㽫еһԧᳯ˦˹ŵһѾס˶ʦֵĶ䣬һɲҺͳ˫˫Ӷʦֵ䵽һԵĲݴ֮УʦֵҲһ˹ȥǶԧ߻üδնϣȻٴε˹ֱҺͳ
£Һͳ췭𣬸˷Ƕԧ˹ȥ
ԧܴýȥʱ򣬱ǶתǬƵһһ˺üͣԧ˳ȥ
Сӣǲˣջԧ䳤ϺȻǵĶ档


1692 Ҫƴ
䳤ϵǵǰ棬׻Ű׻סǵĺ·
ʦָܵ˾޴Σգƺŷ𣬻ٴȵĻ棬Һͳǰ棬ʮֽ䱸Ŀǰ䳤ϡ
׻ܵ赲֮󣬺ܿ׷ǵ󣬷ǰ׻һԾ£ǿն˼֮ϣһɱĿ
ʼո㲻ףΪʲôһ˷Ҫأڲϧһص֮ˣҲһҪɱҡ
λ϶ڵĻصɽİͱһص仨ˮȫҲпܣصϾʮֳصĴ
ȻǲûУǷξѵĻᣬʰһˡ
ôˡ
ҿ˳һۣȻаԱȽһͰ׻ϵΪҾð׻ϵΪӦ䳤֮ϣ˵ĲಢǺܴƬ̣ұӣʰ䣬Ը׻׶༪ˣ۽ΣǷģʵ뿪ҲãӦòΪġ
쿴ңҴ˫ûпһ˿Ŀ־壬ĸоֻǿңһ仰û˵
ʱͰ׻ѾǱƽǰ׻ȴǺȻһЦ˵ĸ߲ˣղֶ˵ˣ绨ĴҪŻڣȥһСﳤĵȷÿҪϷϼʮ꣬ôһεεĹ϶ҲŹģôÿһɱ˵ȷǿϧ
ҿ˰׻˵֪˭ǳĴˣ̫үүǳ鲨үүǳ¡
˭Ҫ𣿲Ҫ鲨Ϸ򻹲һصݺὭô꣬¹˭أ˵̫үүүģһصҲ¹Сӣ˵˵ƴСҲ
׻۾һУϿŵնָңߵͷȻһİ׻ʱһХɽҰ㳯ͳ˹
ҷʦϵĻͻȻǣӭŰ׻ϵǸ׻˹ȥ
׻ϵֻ׻һֻźܶеĻĻǣʦֵҲ򵥣֮е޻ޣҲͻͽ
Ȼﶼǳǰͳ壬Ȼײһ𣬳һԹȥײ˺Щô
һ̣׻ϵնӭն˹ҲеĽꡣ
ھ׻ƴʱұѾ˵ǿ⿪˷ӡȻͨ澭Ű׻趯նеĽҲâʢȻ䣬һźںɫɷΧâ֡
һθ׻ʱֻǹûҪԵУΪûκȡʤĿܣϣҲ󣬵ǣȻʱǿ̫࣬ǻȥսʤ֮ĿܣǲվģǶֱǿܶ࣬ұнеĽ
׼ƴʱߵĳȻǱ˰˳ͷ֮ϣȻȫǻı˰ƣеҲб˰֮ڸ
ƴˣһαҪƴ
һȣұһ콣еĻ㾦ǣһɫĹ㳯Ű׻ϱȥ
׻ϽŲͣеնһХ֮㽫ǵɫĹķ˳ȥȻеĽ׻ϵնݺݵײһ
һ֮ڣҿ߰˵׺ݣƴǴŶתǬƵңҲܵ˰׻еķâɱ֮⣬Ͻһǳа뢵ĿֲʵԶԶְң뽭û޷ġ
ǿ׺ݣ󿪴̺֮ĵÿһоǵеľ裬ʧұɥµգƵҲòٷ֮ٵľ֮Կ
£ȫǶתǬתгµĽӡոմâұԼЩ֧Ųס̫ǿˡ
Ҹˮʥ̵ĶԿʱҲûиоǿΣС
һƴ˼ʮУҸоҲ͹ӵʱ䣬˱ٵķ̶̵ֿļӵʱ䣬Ҿ;һǰĺҪ
ǰ׻ȴԵ쳣ɣֳһ˿֣֮ɫ׵ĵطն˵Сӣ̶̼Ĺ򣬱򣬽֮ϣǳϽҲӲסϷ⼸УС㡣


1693 
ҽŵѾû׻ˣŽڷȫ亹ڻںĴϢţԭõӡǿºɫɷǴܲס֮²ͷųģҸ׻ϸǿȵĹ⼸ʮ֮Ȼȫ˻ȥ̫صԵʡ
ڣǿ֧ţϵĴӵ֮ͷųĿգ̶̵һ˲䣬ҵϱٴοʼɫɷ
Ƭ̵ĴϢҰԴ߶תȡͷųĿһЩһЩȫͷųźãƾ㣬Ҳû̫ĵܹսʤ׻ϡ
׻һЦҽŵ˵ˣͷ촽ֵСȻ򣬹ֲ󻤷һҪŪ㣬ѿ֮䣬ʱգȻΪһصͷ󻼣ҲգϷڰ֮ڻɱĻϷ׻ϵλҲͲˣ
˵գ׻Ҫ֣һæȵȡ
ʲô˵ģ׻ıס˽Ųʵ
ĹĵĻ˳ʳеһЩʣ׻ϣֿ޷뿪ˣ֮ǰҪ㣬֪ϲϻش𣬾һˡ
˵˵Ȼ˵˵İֶС׻϶Ȼ
ðɣ֪˰Ū飬ǲһصڱ󵷹
ٺ١ȥүɣ˵׻ɭȻһЦ
ǵڶ⣬˵Ǹ󻤷˭ΪʲôҪɱңֵ
Ը㣬Ǹ󻤷ջƣǸ˶ϹֻϧϷҲûмĿΪʲôҪɱ㣬Ǹгɡ
һ£׻ֵˣˣɣ
ҷӦǰ׻ٴ趯ǰѿֲն㳯ҿٵ˹
ʶĺ˼˲ľ֮ԦľȻܵľĲȫ趯Ű׻ϲƶȥ
׻һоܵ쳣ǽ¿ٵһ¾סĽŲӡ
Ҳǻһ㣬Ǿ޴趯ֱӾͳŰ׻Ϻɨ˹
һһʩչǰ׻Щֲû뵽һһС
֪ҶԦľ˲࣬׻Ͼ͸֪ˡ
Ϊĸ֣ԻߵģڸܵЩ趯ľ֮󣬰׻ϵһ٣ֱӽеĵһ˦˳ȥұ㿴ǰѵֳһ˿âŵɨЩ趯ʹֱնϣȻء
Ҳֻһʱãڲľ֮Ԧľ˫֮£ЩնϵǸ˵ľ²һֿٵĳһŰ׻ϲƶȥ
ЩնϵĴ϶ǲٻָˡ
ЩѲ׻ҲͲˣֱն˹ЩȻܹϲס׻ϵӣǰ׻ϵͣȻܹصһЩãȥҲǺܴ󣬱籼׵֮£ЩϲסֱӾͱˣһ̣оһֻɽͻ˹
Щľס׻ϵͬʱĺٴαǣɵӡǿͬʱӿ뵽ҵڣɱһεĸȾңһΣļ⾹Ȼٴһֱ˺ѰʹԺٴηԩĺХź
һеĽٴθ߸߾ɫĹâת֮䣬֮ķٴһɫƵ״ڽ֮Ϻ֮
ܹ֮ܵзӡѹֺͷŭ
ƾɫ䡣
һֱ֮ʣ콣ĵʽյһһ̣ҸӳӦе
ͷ֮ϣ¡¡ĺϡ
֮ϣɷ֮깴˷ӿ
ָ񷣬֮ʱ֮϶ʱһݺƥĽһĹ֣ţʯľһȻŰ׻ѹȥ
һΣڴӰ׻ϵ֮пһֲһɫһֻȻ;塣
û뵽ɣһΪСĽɫҲʩչ˿ֲ
׻ڶݵľ֮󣬻ȵվ˼־ͻȻϴ޹⣬ķ׻ɣ


1694 ߲
ڰ׻ϴ߶֮󣬵еնʱҲâʢڲԶʦɱֻ׻֮ʱһ⣬˰ϵն֮Уһ̣׻˫ָ߸߾նȻصĳҼƾ˹ȥ
һ𺳵Ļ֮ն֮϶ʱͷųһӨɫĹâٵ籡γһͷ޴ͻӭҽǵǿȻײ˹ȥ
һˡ
׻ϵն˻꣬ҵĽ֮һӡ
˵Ӧռƣֻǰ׻ϵͻ»𣬶Ҹ׻ȣҲһӮ
û˼ʱ䣬ȻȫԸ
֮䣬ǿԺһ𣬷һɽ͵죬䡱һΪ֮𶯣ֻһҫ۵İ׹ҺͰ׻֮һȻһһɵ˳ӿֵ֮Ĵ׷׵սȦȽϽӽĵطľѾķѣòҡ
ʶ䣬ٴδ߶ǶתǬƣҪֵǳҴˣǱ˸˼ͷڵϴ˼վ
ؿڴǱݺݵһ£һѪЩ˳
ԼУҿû˶ͷĶʦֻҪûȥԸ׻ϣȴҲ˸ı˳ȥԶ
Ȼؿڱ쳣֪ⳡսԶԶûн߳彭ʮаô׵ľ͹ҵұ뻹ҪøӿֲֶԸǱһֱôõ˺ϴ辭һǵʩ
ڱɳȥո֮ұ߶˺ϴ辭ķҲȥѰǰ׻ϵӰֱſ˫֣ȫľ߶ǿС
ǿ߶˺ϴ辭֮˺ϴ辭еĸӿ˺ܶ࣬Ǹոһ߶ϵëװ׿ٵſˣ˷ԴԴϵͨϵÿһë״ﵽҵ֫ٺ澭ֻڵ֮С
ϢڿٵߣĻĲݿٵĿήƣΪӷۣССʯͷҲһһշȻ׷ױѿ
˺ϴ辭еȻתΪãԼĿǰǿ
ľʯѪ⹦ͨͨɣ߲ܡ
Ҹոմ߶˺ϴ辭ûжãű㿴վڲԶİ׻ϣ֮䣬׻ϵǰնһĿңǰȫǼ֮⣬ûнҷУһΣȫһˣʼңҵһ֮һƴĶ֣˿̵ɱڣһ̣һεľնȻһΣ㳯ɱӦ֪Ҵ˿̶õʮǿΪĞųݣ˺ϴ辭֮ٵĳӶȥǴʱİ׻û˿η壬ǳͳ
ܿ죬׻ϱ㱼˺ϴ辭ַΧ֮ڣһҵĵ֮׻ϵƮɶ𣬰׻ϵɫһ֢һ㻷һӨɫĹâϵĻ֮꿪ʼоƺֹܹס˺ϴ辭֮һ̣׻ֱӱ㴳˺ϴ辭ַΧ֮ڣȻһֱ֣ӽеն˦˹
նҲӨɫĹâ˸Ȼ仯һ׹⳯նɱڿ˺ϴ辭ɿԲٿؽ꣬ţһǣֶǧӰ׻ϵնסˡ
Ȼ׻ϲûзɱҿͻȻ˵ϣ˫ճ˻צ״һĹǽž죬һƺ𣬴ĺﾹȻŷϻĺ⧲䣬׻һ˳Ծ˫ֳҵؿץ˹
һǱ׼ĺڻģǱץʵˣգۼܱͳ
£ֱУһΣŰ׻ϵ˫ץ˹ȥȻһΰ׻ϲûжڱץס֮󣬷ץסҵ
ץץңҸоԼ󶼿Ҫһ˫צȥ
޴ʹҽסһҺߣһӴɵӿ˳Ȼ䣬Ҹоϲǿ࣬ú־ôӰ׻ϵԴԴϵӿ롣
Ȼ䣬׻Ҳо쳣һ˫Ŀ֮˲䱻־մ
һ֣Ҫңô޷˦ˣҵĲס޷ֺ
Ҹ׻ϽֲµʱͻȻִһҺߡ


1695 罣
Ҹ׻Ͻֲ£ץסϵ׻ҪȴҲѲõʱͻȻ춯
һƺ֮Ȼ˹˵ϣǸŮ˵һͷȥʱ򣬱㿴˵ϣ壬ű³һѪ
ʱ䣬Ҹ׻ƴȫľ˿ķģȫȻԵ˳ڸ䳤ƴɱ飬챻䳤ϴ˳ȥѪͷһ⣬ҲŽ׻ѣȻȥ³죬ֻ˺ϴ辭һʩչ;Ŀֲ֮ԽԽǿ󣬲֮ɱϵɲˡ
ڵΪҲֻܹ˺ϴ辭ʩûаȷķУܴﵽƿĵزһļҷң˺ϴ辭ӵĿ
϶䳤һƣƷǹֲģУСˡ
䳤һƽѪ֮󣬽ٴǰҪȡųڴʱʦϵһſڣ䳤һԪ֮䳤ϸƵĵ˳ȥȻʦֱ㵲˳ǰ棬䳤Ͽ
ðϷͽɱˣ䳤ȻҲЩɵʦֵģ㽫Ƕԧٴ˳
ϵܡСӶаҵΪҿŲסˣϿɱ׻ϳ䳤ϴ
ʱ䳤ϲע⵽ߣݺݵĿһ۶ʦ֮󣬺ܿתìͷɱ
ˣһҶԸҷѾ䳤ûˣ
¶ʱ䳤ϱ㽫Ƕԧᳯ˹Ȼ䣬ǣ˹䳤ϵԧһһ˳ȥ䳤Ƕԧ˳ȥ֮󣬺ܿ۷ɱ˹䳤ϼ׻ϳ˿СӾĺܣûçײĳ˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ڣֻԧᳯɱ
Ҹûϵǣ䳤ϵԧỹֹһԣһԧᱻ˳ȥŴӱٴγһԧᳯϮͷһԧصĵתɱķ˷ʤȻЩмܣ⧲֮䣬һԧбųҷ˹Ҽ͵ĻһѪ߷ɳ۵ҲҺһӽһΣȻͻȻоһʮֲ鷢ˣ˺ϴ辭һȥǿ֮ٵȥҵ˿ڴдľй˳
үġ
аһΪһ̣ҿ˰׻ֳһ˿Цɿ̧ҵؿһţȻҵӱշ𣬵˳ȥȻݺݵײһô֮ϣӿٵĻؿڵǿѪſ˳ʱͷǣðǡ
˰ˣСǽˡ
ֻϧӡ
̱ڵϣңое޼ˣѾȫ˳ɶûˡ
Ŀ䳤ϵԧᳯҷ˹ҪҴж˿Ľ࣬תͷ˳죬ŵһЦӣһ·ɡ
Ҳؿڣң˸
һ̣ҵһֳܿȥ
Ҿұɵʱ˭û뵽ⷢˣӲԶȻɹһѷŰ׹ıҵǰأԻζ˼£ǽҵǰ졣
ȥʲôѵһѷɽˣ
ţһҵǰͻȻͶһӰ
ֻȫ֣Ҳɴסֻ¶һ˫۾һ֣㽫ǷŰ׹ĳסˣȻͷһֽۣеıָ˲ԶͰ׻ϡ
Ͱ׻϶һ𣬻ǰϸǰǸ˿ۡ
˵ЩƲ
Ƭ֮󣬰׻ϱ⽣Ӧ罣ղǸ󽣷ֶϷûĻӦǶֶΣ˵˵ɣǶʲôˣΪҪ£
罣󽣷᣿
ʲôЩҴû˵
Ҷ֪˭Ϊʲôң
ɵˣϸǰ˵ıӰȥȻ°ʮʵǺ׾ֱܹһŮˣŮˣ̬ʮֵȡ


1696 ƬҶɻ
ǣΪʲôͻȻ;Ů˵ıӰأ
ĺϤô벻Ӱ
ߣǸŮѹҰ˰֣ʾҸϽ뿪ȻŮ˵Ǳģ񲢲ϳ
ѵǴ̩
ӺûǿýͷʮΪҲһ㡣
һҲ˲˭ˣæŽ꣬ų˹ȥղŶ˺ϴ辭ֽ⿪˵зӡ䳤˹֮󣬻׻һţʱȫĹͷܶɢˣ׳оԼ˵Ҳرأڻܹ߶
ߵ˳ߣһѽŷӵضˣĺͷûˣҽ֮ӶҵϣǻǲѪ
СŸ硭߰ɡҿ߲ˡ˵ţ˱㿿ҵĻ
˵ʲôɵأҲᶪһߵģҪһߣұ㡭
˵ţұǬ˱˼Ѧҵҩ裬˼ţԼҲһЩ
˵ˣҹеʵ
ղű䳤һƣеƣڡлƶû˵ңֻˡ˵š
һģǺðԶһɱˣ¹˭ˣŪ˵
䳤˵ţеԧ㳯ǸŮ˦˹ȥ׻Ҳǰնһͨк
ʵڵҿ߶ųҲûɶ⣬ٶȿ϶첻ȥ
ǣڲߣͻȻֵŮӣĺܣҲܹͰ׻ϵĶ֣˼ҲһеĹҺͳк뿪ǲʲ壬˵˶ҼܹѣҲⲻȥ
£ұ˸طóѦҵҩ֮еһĻָһ壬Ҳ˳һ࣬ʼٵĻָѦҵҩţƬ̣ҲȥæŮӼһЩѹ
Һͳ춼ڸԵʱһʦк˳ȥȥ͵ϮλϣҲܰһЩæ
ոûãͰ׻ϱŮӴ
ֻǿƬ̣бһԣŮӲеôңҲ죬ҪõĽЩŵʮ֮ڣŮӱѾ˴ڵˡ
֮ǰ׻˵ŮõĽ󽣷⽣ȷǸһ趯оȫǽӰӯһ̳ȥ仯Ī⣬ӰأǴӲ˼ĽǶȳλϴȥ
Ȼֻϧ̫ˣλֹ֮Щ䳤ϵԧУĵ
УҵȥˣΪƾ׵Ķؼ˭֪ǷĿɾʹˡ
£һӵϻվȻָ׻üģȡһξѪٵ˼־ξѪٵ뵽ҵڣĳһʱ֮ڱֶʢսĽҵΪˣӻóһʱ䡣
һҶ˲ˣҲǸҵǰ
еĽٴλһɫĹâһоԼֱһۣһȥ㳯λɱȥ
콣ٴαʩչ˳ɨǧ㾦ߡ绢콣ʩչȹס˾ƣŮȻǿ֮ĩûã㱻׻ϵնһ˳ȥڵء
׻ǰǴŮӵȥǰӦȴ϶סȥ·
ȻڴʱΧĿȻһȻһ磬ŮķȻιһƬҶŰ׻ϯȥ
׻ϳԾġסһæһЩҶɢƮ㣬ЩҶܵľϷȥȻֱǶľ֮ϡ
ƬҶɻˣǿΪиֹˡ
콣䳤ϣ䳤ϸоиֹ֮Ҳٸƴˣ˸Ժ׷׳Ůӵķȥ
һŮӵıͶһˣһãȷе˵һãܲӻ΢΢ЩͣӲߣŻɫɮۣϴĶЩˣһѷĴ˼ϣƾճǰһ㡣


1697 㵽˭
ղôֵҶһ֮䣬վŮӵһԲˮз紵ɮۣҶо˺ǻġ
ʱǰ׻䳤ϴһһ䱸ǳÿۣ䳤ϱ˵ᣬʮû㶼ϳˣû뵽뵱Ҳǽϵһ֦ܶ཭ܶǴߣϷҲһ׷ھȻӣϷϹ˹ˣǿϧඡ
ϵܣҲ˵ˣʮǰҲ׳Ӣֻϧ²ˣǶϼһˣľѣ㽶Ҳϡƽ֮£Ҳסµʴ˰׻˵
ȥ׻ϱһͣۺܣˣĺҲ֪ϼһǴѧһס
ʦŮӻĴӵվõһࡣ
ǰԶǸñǱλϳ֮Ϊ
վһλϣһŵӷλ϶겻ҲƶһˣѾ˵Ľ˳λѾԶ֮꣬αҪ⽭ǷأԶڽ֮⣬سɷ˼;
ᣬϷıЩеʿϷǰͣߴߴᣬ£͸ĽȥƵģ˭õǰϻˣᣬʱϷ˵ķݶϣ¶أҲΪ㣬ͽ뿪Ǿ͵ûȻϷˣƨɿٺ١
ʱŮһץס˶ĸ첲ҡͷۿ϶˵񾡡
¡ߣΪʦȥǡͻȻ
Ǹ֮ΪµŮӶʱͷ˵ллʦȻͱ˹
Ůһ˵ʱͻȻоЩ̫ԾˣβûüӦ
һһͻȻҵԺһʮִ󵨵뷨
ֲȷоҲ̫ʵˡ
ߣôףãЩҪˣ˵գ׻һΣ㳯߶Ƕеķһһը죬Ȼ仯˿ߣ˰׻䳤ϵǰ档
ʱŮȻҵǰһסҵĸ첲ߣ
ǡҶʱЩңһǶᣬ˵ˣ¶˼һԸ
׻䳤ϵΪ̫ˣҾöδҲǵĶ֡
ȻŮӸҿǵʱ䣬һקסҵĸ첲㳯ǰȥ˳ֽʦָٻ˹һǬ˱֮С
ܵߵʱ򣬱ͣȻ󽫳ϣһ˱㳯Զ첽С
˵ͦأѦҵĵҩ֮󣬾һʱĵӦܹȹס飬Ҫ
Ҹղڶ˾ѪԵʣϴˣڶʱڣ廹ּļ󣬵±˳һ·첽ɡ
ǸŮӸҶԣһֱǵǰ·
ҵĿһֱû뿪ıӰԽԽ񣬵ʼղȷǸ˵ǲ
ŮӵĴ֮£һȥԶģĴˣżͷȥԶͣĻζĺ졣
ΪǺǿģҿ϶ǵвΪӦø׻ڲ֮䣬Ը䣬λϼйǺֹۡ
˼ҵͽܵľʦû¶ҲͲٶˡ
Ƕἴǲλϣֶܵο϶ҪҸղسɴֶҲġ
һȥ·ĴҲˡ
ϳҸоѾƽѾõһĻ⡣
ǰ·һӱߣǰŪ·ǸŮӲͣתͷң˵ӦˮݵֶΣֻ͵ˣ߰ɣһҪȥʦ
Ůָı˵ǿû˿˵
˵仰֮ǸŮתߡ
£һѽæȵȡ
ǸŮͣ˽ŲתңȴһԲ
㵽˭ΪʲôҪңҳʵ


1698 ƭҺÿ
ҿŮӣŮҲң㣬Ƕ˺üӣ˫۾ҿȥҲϤΪεĳҵ
һСŸ磬ȻȻµΣε˯г֣һδεʹоѣٴλǣƣҹ񣬿Ǵ˿̵ɻһ㡣
п
Ҹоҵڿڲͣķ
˭ҪϽȥɣһҪȥʦŮӵ˵ţȻתٴ׼뿪
ǰһûסЩ˻Ƶغ
ǸŮӻһ𣬽Ųһ£ȻֻƬ̣ͷûлأȻǰȥ
ˡҲûϴûš
һ̣ҸоҵӶڽסЩƲסԼˣȻһΣһٰ˲㵲ǰ棬ſ˫סȥ·
ӡ㻹ţΪʲôҡΪʲôҼѾЩ״ˡ
ϴˡ㿪ԷͷȥһΣ㿪ңҲЩȻǰȥ
һΣҲ뿪֪ûϴˣȻٴζٰ˲ǰֱҪӵ뻳ȻѾȣϵֶҲĺܣһƱ㳯˹Ҳûж㣬ҲûֵһƱҵؿڣȻأȴҲмҽŲһģ˵ϡ
СŸ硭Ϊʲô㿪Էһæֹңȴһץס˳ƽ˻һʼ£ȴıסţǲţţһΣҲ뿪ˣεĻһĻȫ֮ʲôץˣһΣȴʵʵץסҸоҵıЩᣬҪƲסˡ
ӡҪߡ֪㣬ôˣƭҺÿ࣬Ϊ˸㱨ҽ³һصȫɱˣµʱȥҹ㣬ʲôûҵҾ֪㻹ûƭҺÿ࡭
ǸһţǾ§˻һʼģ˵ֿȻ§סңĽģҪ˶뵽ҵ֮УԴҵļϣļͷ΢΢ĲȻмȵˮʪҵļͷ
ûһ̣ҸоҸʧãԭңɼ˽յطꡣ
ܶΣҶɰҲһԡ
һλԶĻ棬յط꣬ϣԶҪ뿪
ȻҽʱȻ䣬ͻȻһƿң˼һҡͷһ߿˵СŸ硭߰ɣҲٴ͵Ѿˣһμ㣬ԺҲˣ߰ɡ
˵ţҪٴȥæ𣬵ǰ棬˵ΪʲôҪһɣΪʲôҪ뿪һ𣿡
˫ץס˫ۣĿ
̧֣һѽϵɴȻұ㿴ſεϺȻһϸİ̺ۣߵ֮ϣȥЩͻأǾ֮϶һۡ
Ȼսң˵СŸ磬ұģ㻹һ𣿡
һסЦΪϵ̲ŹŲң
ǣҲǡ鲢ô򵥡
ٴЦӣ˵һ̣ȫˣһϰʮ̫ţҲ⣬ϲˣֲ˵ˣϵ˸㲻ʲôʶѦҵҽһȥѦҵҽƣ֤֮ɻָǰҪÿ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻо󴵹һ磬Ȼһ֮䣬ǶҺߣһ֣һסĸ첲Ȼ˼
ٴο򶫺ʱ򣬷Ҳһ˿ѪȻղŸ׻䳤϶ֵʱȻˡ
ʦˡһصأ
ص˸ֹ˸ˡ˵ţ㿴Щŭ˵£ҿһֱ㱣ûоΪʦͬ⣬ɽȥˣΪʦһֱ겻ᣬ֪϶飬һ·˹ԭȻΪСӣ㲻ǴӦΪʦԺ󲻻ټ𣿡
ʦͽ죬Ļû˵ֻǽԴȥ


1699 
˺ˡʲô˵ˣǿ뿪һ͢˹ʮ鷳顣˵ţǶ֣Զȥ
һҪҶʱͻˣæǰһסǵȥ·Ƕüͷһʱʮֲõ˵Сɶһ㲻жҲͰˣסʦͽ˵ȥ·
ǰˣЩҪͽ˵֮ǰʶҵδޡæ͵
˵˵ѾͷѾƶˣڷ£쳾Թ˶ϣȰĪپԼȥɡǶһ˦䣬ץĸ첲㳯Զȥһ֮䣬˾ʮ׿ˡ
ˣˣ
ôܣҸղſͷģǶһǸţ϶ƭң׵뿪ҡ
ǣŶ˼ٰ˲Ƕ׷˹ȥ
ʱǶͻȻһ˦䣬ʮƬҶ׷ɣҴ˹ȫ˽µĵ֮ϣȻ˼ŵҶʱæһ
ʦ
ϽٸҸһƶҪȡǶ˵ţǼ֮ٵԶȥоĲУҸоһкܶ໰ûи˵æٴγǵķ׷˹ȥʹ˼ٰ˲֮ͻȻõΪ֮һգ֮ǰʹǾѪҵΪڶʱڴﵽ״̬ʱѾȥˣʱһƣٰ˲ֶξҲ޷ʩչˡ
ȥʱ򣬷˵ѾʧˣֹƬ̣˲Զһ¡¡죬ֱͷ죬ӦҲԸˡ
Ȼȥһص׷ɱصϾֵҲҳ˵⣬Ͼֵп϶Ҳûɶùӳԣҽձӵôң϶ҪŪҡ
УҲܽ£ҳŶķٴһۣȻתӱ߶ȥ
ǵҵ˺ӱ֮ȴַһ⣬쾹ȻˣĴɨһȦûзӰȻںӱߵһʯͷȴҵһӣһװżƤ߻֤֮Ķ
Ҳˡ
ûɵģһ࣬ûбסǶˣڳҲҲǶ𣬾ֻ⼸Ķ
Ҳɵϣܹҵ֣֮ǰҼʱ򣬷һĻȻȫУףҶĸ̫ˣκһŮ˶޷Խģûг֮ǰҾó֮ᷢЩʲôҲһܲŮû˵Ҳм֮ĳһҾҺͳһˣĺÿ˵ΪָߣһǳĺˣҵļҪԺ̫ࡣ
ؼһ㣬Σѣʱ̣һ
ҳϣг죬ܹȫ˵ñɾһɾ£һͬڽߣҲԸС
û뵽ǸѾ֮ʧǸҳ˼ĺ룬תλصŮӣҼ֮ʣͻȻճ֣һʯ˺֮УҵľȻ󲨡
һֱĬĬĸңҺͳһһһһЦЯͬУʱľһʮѹɡ
һ¶ĵ
ҾҶԲͬҲԲ죬⽫һѵľء
׻ȥδӣ
ʱ飬ʹѵ絶ʣ綼ǻһƬ
Ҹô죿
͵ںӱͣͷ֮Ϻ¡¡ֱѾԽԽԶкܴڵĻζصԮĴˣѰһصĲǷң϶ҲŹġ
ʱҲŷӦĴܸ׷ɱ
£ұ㽫ˮǬ˱˳ˮȥȻԾ˱ˮ֮Уٵĳ˺ӵס
߶ˮ鲢Ҫ̫һˮУˮٵںӵǱУһ·жϣҲ֪ҽȥηҲ֪һô졣
ңڱˮںӵǱС
ģһֱҵԺǻҵ˼ûôҹˣȥ
ڿҺʱ϶Ҳ쳣ѹɣ뿴ҺĬĬ뿪ֻǲ֪Ժܲһ棬Һ
㽾Ůӣ޷ĥ˼


1700 ˼
ڱˮҸоԼȫͿˣ壬һУȫͿˣһ̣ҶҲڣ
ԳڴɱɱжɹһصΪУҲΪΪһص˺ҪΪѩޣǵĳ޲졣
ڽ죬ҿ˻ûһĺö˶˵ģ˶£ĵӣ̶̼Ĺ⾰ΪȻܹһصϹϼʮҲܣô꣬ţΪʲôң
֪ô꣬ô
ÿҹλأҵԺﶼֳȻµһ˲䣬ȻεĿ־оѣÿһجұһصĳ޼֡
ڽ죬ö˶˵վҵǰͻȻ֪Լ׸ú˭ˣʧȥ˳޵Ŀ꣬ʱоԼʧȥһе塣
ǰ沨ɱˮںƮҲ֪ԼҪȥη֪ںδ
̫ˣƣ֪УҾȻڱˮл˯˹ȥ
һͷϲԣȻһʱĿЩʹ
һҹҸоԼһЩһʱڲܸ˶ǿ϶ˡ
׻ƴߣȻֶ˾Ѫ֮ҸһͨҲǿ̫ࡣ
ʱҲҸһԼҪʡϣҪȥһʱ䣬ܱܷͷ
⣬ҲҪסǣɽڲûգҿɲ벻׵ľȥ
ڳʱֻеҴӱ˵ˡ
ᣬӦò̫ңϾںͽڣʲôϢܴ̽졭¶Щ鷳ˣҸ֮䣬ҲûʲôҪ͵ģеֻǿǷҿǷĺܶ࣬ڸ鷽⣬Ѿһ飬һֻԵ
ҿűˮ飬ϢĴˮƯ˳ԼĵطһƬɽҰ룬ïܣﻨ㣬ȻҲûʲô̡
ӺƮ֮˰ˮ飬ʱøм̧ͣͷ˿ɫȻʱ֣Ҳ֪ˮǵ
ֵǣһ·֮϶ʮ̫ƽûϾֵˣҲûɽЩϵһصǾ͸ˡ
֮Ժ̫ƽпܾΪһصͻȻ֡
һصܳţöûڽͷ¶ˣһΣһصȴộһ±λϣһϾֵһ𣬵ʱ֣˫϶ӲˣصɽΪһصæĲɿĻ˼˼ɵߡ
ɽҰѰһصĲ
Ƕʱ򣬶ȻˣǴѪ׿˵ΪصĴԮϵž˰׻λϣҾص׽ЩһصС㲻⣬ҪԸ׻䣬϶붼룬˹֮ززˡ
˿̣мͣ˰֮󣬱һطǬ˱óһЩԺȵĶһȻλƵĳȥ
һߣһ룬һص˳֣صɽҲܷŹңһҪСĽС
ˣĲУһ·ҶҪͣЪЪš
ʱϻгƤߺ֤Ǳ㽫Ƥ߸ˣ⻹Ǭ˱óһ׺ͨ·ϡ
˼ˣһ⼸ƤߣҾٴ˳죬ӣϢľˣûУǻҲʹġ
һֱ춼ҪڵʱҲ߳ƬɽҰ룬һ·ϣҲ࣬˺þãм߾ȥûͣ
ǣóһǧǮڰ·֣òиǮۿͣһ̡
ǸʮˣЩͺӹǮ֮󣬱кϳȥġ
ʵҶ֪ģ˵ȥǰá
ǶǸϻӣ˳֮󣬱һֱ߶߶ݣǸɶģôơ
ֻ˵һ¿ѣԼһ˳εģгģϻˣֻһ·˹㵽һг
Ǽһﲻм٣˵˼û¶ͰܣЩɽ꣬϶ˣܶ¿ѳΣգԺСĵ㡣
ֻǵͷӦʣҴǶе֪һһұĵطŸʡԶˣٹľ룬ǰ߼ʮǴұС


1701 
û뵽ڱˮﾹȻƮȥôԶ·ĵصѾüٹˮٶж顣
һ϶ʱȫˡ
˾Ƕ߶߶ұ㲻ٴҲҲͣҵ˴ұ֮ұ˳һȦȥ˻վǸһڳֱӴҴԽʡֱʡȥһغϡ
һʼ˾˵ҪȥôԶȥóһǮ˿ڣЩ̫ģ˵ҼȻôǮΪʲôɻͶĳȥôԶĵطֻ˵֤ˣ鷳ҲȥŪ˵˵ǸǶͬ뿪
Ҳ֪Ƕôģһ⣬Ūľ͸ҪƵģ˵Сġ
˳֮ǸǶ㷢˳ӣʻ˸٣һ·С
·ϣںţһԲУϵЩأҪĵòУڳ첻ߣΧҲûһѣص黹ɽˣֻ·һ·ϣҲòֵСġ
ڣһ·֮϶ʮֵ̫ƽûʲôر飬ڵҲࡣ
صæĲɿרĴһص飬ûң߻Ϊһںؽ磬ߵ˾衣
ϣұ뿪˺ֱӵ˸ʡڣһֱҹǲһͣЪţ˳Ӽ͡
ʻĹ⾰ǲŵʡһʡĵؽûжãұ˳Ǹ˾뿪ˣȻһһ绰ȥ
绰ܿ챻ͨˣһԵЩ˵ӵҵĵ绰̫ˣǰ췢Ѿ˵ˣкͰչǶżĲУҲ֪ôˡ
һ˵صɽ׷ɱңһصǼ顣
ҽ龭һ˵һ飬һ겻ѣ˵̫ˣΧˣܹ
Ȼ鲢һô򵥣Ҹһ˵ʵصɽҽйȥģʱһصѪҵңҾ֪ͷ̫ԣһصԸҵģǰһۣϾֵձֳһ绰һ˹׽ңһصˡ
ǳܵġ
ڳҲûиһ˵ˣһʶҲֻ˵ΣҸһǣûκ塣
һǼĲУΪһ˵ְ취ĳõǣƵˣֱԣ鷢֮ڵĽӸչĵ绰˵˵ļлʮΣգϻͰչ˷磬кһҪǸطԮ֡
Ȱסǣ˵ǸϹȥƻҲˣûκôʱһ䵽һ˵Уһġ
⼸죬һֱҵİΣһżĲУһڵȵҵĵ绰ŷ
Ȼұ˵Ѿʡһô졣
һ˵ڱǰʱһֱʡһֵ飬ܸоЩڸһЩпصģԱ㲻ڱˣص˽һˡ
ԣʡ͵
·߿ףʱ򱻺׽ˡ
һ˵ܷģһжߵÿҪӱ½֮͸ʣЩܼҵģκεĲ
Ȼһһ绰룬ҸϵḺҰȫ͵
ӦһҲûиһ˵
˵绰֮ұ㽫ֻ˳ˣֻһµĵ绰һǸϵ
Ҳһǵһصһĵ绰Ǿ鷳ˡ
һǸҸһ绰ȥ˵˭ʱǸСӱʮֿһүȻʲôط͹ҡ
Ҹһַ˵ϰСʱͻϵ
طʡһСǵ֮УΪıǲ˶Ŀĵ绰֮ұһӵķϣȻ鿴һܵ·Ǳ˳ˣòСĽһһˣҾͲˡ
Сʱ֮󣬱һոµı۳˹ͣڵӵ棬ȻŴ򿪣һʮˣװͦɨһۣóֻҲ˵绰
ҼûʲôŴӷ


1702 ׼뿪
֮Ϊڵƻͦصģʲô̫ĶһɫܹҸſ£ڵЩণòСССġ
һ绰֮Һܿ͹ҶˣЩƣȻ׼ٴ򣬴ʱѾһ࣬
ǸСתͷ΢ЦſһۣȻʵ֪ܼҵү˭
Ц˵
֪ʦ˭ֵ
磬ʦéɽܼҵүһʦܽ磬ҼүЦŻص
ãү֣һ¡
СӻͦҼҵүܼҵүڽ֪һү֪˾͸ˣָͷĹΪܼһֱڱߵĽ֪ܼҵĵϸһһټǰ顣
ƾһ㣬СӱȡҵΣǸʮֻļһֲûõһʮΣȷһ֡
ɿ֮˳ţ˵үȥɣҾ
˳֮Ĵɨһۣ⳵Ͼֻһˡ
ƺҵɻҽ͵Ӿү飬һ飬һҪСģ˶ӣ©˷Ծһӵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҾүˣҿҲС˼꣬һһ㣬СŸͺãǶֵܡ
ϣСŸ硣˵ţ㷢˳ӣŶߵķʻ˹ȥ
⳵ҲȥڿʱĸĺܣһЩ飬СӺܴʵĴʣʲôʱش
·ϣ˵һһϾŵӳǰһÿڶҪʹ½֮Σһֱûгֹ⣬һΪ˷⣬ʡĺشͨ˹ϵ죬ѯΪ˷뿪ڴ϶һЩֽţһεĸò˼Сʱ֮ǰұԱȫ͵ʱһڱǱԽӦҡ
ʵҾȥҲȫ̫ƽһΣǸ缸ȥ飬ĺŪһ׳죬³ڤɱˣ˵˱ٷĹһΣȥȥ˱ܻһҪʵʵģֳʲô۶ӳ˶ˣҪٻش½Ҳô׵顣
һλΪֻǲŵ
ֻǽʱգȣҵΪʱҪǿ࣬˺֮ЩĸҲ̫
ʻ˴ԼһС֮Ǳ㵽ĿĵأһͷǺԶİ칫¥ұǸ칫¥Žһܴİ칫
칫Һܴ˵Ҳʮƽһźܴİ칫װ޼ԼݻһȥʮϵΡ
˰칫֮⣬Ƥɳ䣬¹ӦоУû뵽һͦܣһεֵطôݻǼҴҵǮˡ
ϸʵҲԹ̹һһʲҵˮʥ̵³ѹεЩ֮ƣȫУʵҲҲȷҵ׶ǮǺǮӦҲһҲȥ
˵칫һ칫ĵطһ궼ΣһԸҰһ绰ҪʲôֱӴһ绰Ըܿ͹
ҺٺһЦЦҪ椹Բ
һЦ˵ǿԣһԸˣֻҪܰ쵽飬Ҫ졣
ļֵ㿪ЦģҶЩˣþƺò˹ҳԱߡ
˵ͷ˵һ͵ȻϢߵʱ򣬻֪ͨҡ
֮Уұߵһİ칫ǰһƨȥһµϰĸо˵ʱ;ò̫һˣ绰һ绰룬һǵ˵ãܶҪΪʲô
ͱҵ
õģ͵
֮󣬱һְҵװĴȣƤ׵Ĳ񻰵ӶŲˮ˽ķߣȻ΢ЦſңһҪʲôô
Ҷʱһ˵ҪˣŮ΢΢һϹŤ˳ȥ
ϣСӹģһ԰
ֹһоƲ͹ģҺһƣȾƵʱ˵ٷǾҪˡ


1703 ܼ
һ˵ҪһĪЩţ̫ùˣ²˳¾ںϱص˸ˣǲƵ顣
ؼһͨǿһЩҪȫָǵ˾Ϣʮ£ܽҵΪȫָ
ҲܴҲãںϲ²ŵصĵطȷЩѡ
ԷʱһС飬ҪȻҾñˮںǵĻ棬һ·ǻصһںѲ飬ص˷ˣұ׽˵ʱ۵ܼңǾͲˡ
һ绰ʱһ˵оڶŻ˱ȥˣҾá
Сȴҡҡͷ˵ãܼܴ󣬸زź͵صĻعϵõĺܣڴ֮ǰһոιǣ׼Բ˸ҶܼҵĴһƬľûܼҵĲҵء
Ȼô˵Ҳܼҵʵصʲôţô򵥣ǸκεصԼԵһܹõԴֻҪ˵ҪѴû˸
ҽС˵һ£С˵ҲĵĻ׼һʼڴţװǵĹԱʲô紵ݶĻֱѣһ͸գŪһ֤ϡ
㣬ʰ׵һһǵĹŪһ֤ϣ㱻Сţֱͷ
ڳ֮ǰ⴬㱻һûʲôΥƷܼҵĹϵѾͨˣҲֻʽʮ׵ıͨˣ˵һأҵ˼԰һЩ
Ըϲٳʲô۶ӡ
˴֮ұڴһװ޵ĺܲķС˵ȥװ϶ţʲôǰ֪ͨңһ·۳Ͷ٣ҺúϢһ£˯һҲС
Ӧһ˸طûʻĵĺ֮ǰҵһֱţܹ˯İȣֻɳϣʼУȻָһԼơ
㣬ڴյҲ֪ȥ˶ãҴЩܸоᷢһʲôˣֻҪһù⻵¾һһﲻһΣҲòܻô˳
Ȼǰ㣬ڴںƮ˺üСʱ֮ͻȻ䣬Сͳ˽˵кѲߴ߿Ҳ˹ˣǰû
³۶ӵҪ
ҲдȻ첽С߳˴գӲԶʻ˺üѲߴ߱ƽŻԶǱ߱ôȺܼͣ顣
Сһôബʻ˹ʱЩ޴룬˵ˣǰһκ飬ֻһҴôôࣿ
£ұС˵ǰҵļƻаɣȥ㣬Ǽˣӽʱϴ
С˵ͷȻұһڣ˴˱ˮ飬ǲڴһĽ䣬͵͵Ĺ۲ΧĶ
ʱԷѲߴʻ˹ȴʱ߱ӣܿһЩȫװԱܼҵĴϣȻұֿһҴһɽװˣмһʶ׺ͺУʮص˹ˡ
СӣϴˣҾҪڶΣȻҹֱ
ɻǣ˵ôҵأ
ҲˣÿתƵһطܹ˸׼Ķλص黹ɽһصҵҶʮףһ·ҲǹСĵˣⶼܹҵʲôԭأ
˴֮󣬱ЩԱʼѴ̬ʮţСȥֱ䣬׸Ƶһߡ
ʮԱڴжʮӣŴ˸˵ʲôûС
׵ôܡյ鱨СӾҴϣˣôҲأ
ͺ˵ҿ˵ǳĴˣһŮӣŮӾܹ֮ͨ˻Ƥ׶ǰ˶һ𣬰ļ飬϶ܹҳСӳ
׶ʱӦҴϵ˶ۼһ𣬰ļ飬׻קǵүģҪקǲˡ
ǰæ˰죬һ׶ʱЩܻ㽫ȽҴϵȫѺȥܼ顣
Сʱͼˣ˵ϱ˻رѺҲУʧ⳥


1704 
Сô࣬±Щ˸ˣѺȥܼ顣
СΣ䣬㱻󼸸ص˵ϣһȭߡ
ϵ˿Сˣûٸҷˡ
ܿ죬Ҵ϶ʮܼҵԱһһѺ˺
ҶЩĺˮУһĻ޵ףȻͷ¶棬ԹңѾıҵҴ趼ϲ
ͬʱĵɻ󣬵ʲôط©Ͼֵôҵأλû˵ľ׼벻һڳ⡣
æ˰СʱĹ⾰Ҵϵ˲űһһһҴѺȥ֮ǰҴɺǱߵ˳ֽӹܡ
ǱϴץһǧϷŹһʮȷҾҴϣԲŻô
û룬ҲСˣһɨǰ
Ȼ͵⼸ҴҪ뿪ʱͻȻʻ˼Ҵ󴬣ҲǺһĻŵҸϽˮС
룬ץһˣڸôôŪĸƵģŵСձǱ߶ýġ
Щͣ״Щĵ棬ȻдȺţǱߵܼͣ顣
ȥʲôԼ˲Լˣ
ǿʲôЦ
һһĴˮƯٴһεĽŸǼҴȥǰһҴҲվʮɽװˣס׵˵ȥ·
һԷˣʱߵ˼а֮ϣó˴ȺֵܾԱʡҪǸֵģ
һˣԼиʮ£ʮ˵ǻصģҽɱ󣬶ˣҲĸֵģǵǻֵĵˣȴûиǻִкһץǱͶôˣƻ˱صľýȶŽĴþ棬ƻֵ꣬ǾԲģ̷ˣҪȻҾͽȫץ
ϡԭǻֳֵǴˮܲ˼ǷϾֵܾץ˵ģֳҪʲôֱӸվֳ绰ͨǱߴ
Ǹֳֵ񲢲Ǻܺ˵ԷµĲϷˣֱһֵѶϾֵȫҿˣ
һ䣬ǼҴ󴬱ٵĳǱ߿ٵʻ˹ȥһ²æֳֳֵͷˡͷˡ
˵ţױк˽С˶ˣǷصһ֮ϣţױһϾֵ˻ˡ
׵֮Ǹɱľֳ㽫ʻܼҵĻԱߣȻֱӵҴ
Ĵ˼ۣȻŸС˵ԲסСͬ־ûܵŰɣ
ûСллֳС˵
ˣǿ뿪ˣϽرɣСӴ仰˵ǻֳֵҰ飬ҲУ֮¡ֳЦе˵ţܴ˼ۣĳҲĵطۣ֪ǲǷҵĴڡ
Сһ£װͿ˵⻰һܼҵģллֳ
ɱСļȻ˴һҴϣк뿪
֮ЩȫﳤȥС˿˴űķʻȥ
ҿűˮСĴ棬һֱǰʻʮ֮󣬲˴С棬ʱСܾСһңʱ̾Ϣһ˵СŸ磬ôᷢ飬궼û鷢
ǳġҵ
ܰһҶŵĺܺãӦóʲôǡСƵ
ǳҵϣģûκιϵֵ
Сɻϣʲô⣿
ҡҡͷεҲֻ֪ҪһжǾܺܿҵķλ¶Ȼص˵ɡ
ǰʻһξ룬Ҫﱦĺˣұ㳹׵ķȻص˴֮УĦ˸ղֳ˵Ǽ仰˵ǻֳֵ飬ȻֳүүϾֵж֮ǰүү϶ǵõʲôϢֳ֪ͨΧġ
ʵֳҲа취Ͼںбˮ飬űҲǺԶˣһ·ǱйȥҲܵﱦֻҪСˣҪץȥϾܿࡣ


1705 ӷϴ
һﱦĺ֮󣬵Ƿƽ˾Ҳûʲô鷳֮ǰҳܼҵĻСһ𵽴˱һͷ
յ˱ͷ֮󣬱㿴ͷͣźüҺСһ˻ǳűˣʮˣΪ׵ʶһһһĺΰ
˴һһ۾ϳңϾദôʱ䣬ڴƤߣҲܹ·̬һ۾ܹϳ
Զһ첽˹Ҳſ֣˹ȥ
ֵܼ棬˵һܱ
ֿ֮һЩ˵СŸ磬ڼˣڻĴ׷ɱֵܼĵºˣ˱Ժֵ㣬˭ըë
ǿɲⱦܼҵôҾͲǹˣҾһʱ䣬úõһұܱܷͷԺҪ࿿չˡҸһЦ
СŸ磬Цأܼ֮н죬ǻǿ͵ǵҪȻﻹܼҵƬءһɫ
Ǹ˵ţĺʱǰһ֣˵үԴӶһûˣ˵Ҫĳѡ
һҲĸѵϸɫǰͣϸ绹ǵѣûģǾñط꣬úõĺһ١
һЦ˵˵үĳͷԸ׼˾ƲˣȥĳȾưɡҪ˵ǻûһĺúĹ
ҿһһۣһһɫҺܿ˹ǱҾ͹ǰлϸĿˡ
˵գ˷ֱ˳ĳ뿪ͷ
ǸһһСһֵεˣҲõʲô
һϳһ˵СŸ磬Ҫģϴ㱻Ͼص˿ѺȻ;УұһǰҪȳ¶в룬֪飬ԶʮֹģҴϢЩסģԺ֪˶в㣬Ĵ϶Աǰ֪㲻黳ɣ
ᣬ飬Ҫֻ֪һ˿ס𣿡ɫ
һֱǧƿţȻһֱҲ֪ǧƵȻҲ֪ôģһֱܼҶͿģʲô飬һкҲæûƳٹҴҲһ㣬ǿʲôΪѵ顣һ
Ǿͺãĺڱô˵ҲǵһɣܼҸĺｻùϵҲǱģӦһ۶ԴǧвԵ·˲ǳ֮ơɫ
һ˵ͷ˵ʵĺѾ㲻ǱһˣԴϴܼңСŸֵܼ֮ĺЩȫǸˣֻʣһҲûʲôرڵĸ֣оЩľ֧ܼҲ໥ʸĹϵܼҪĺĺҲҪܼҵʵ֮СŸͿģҲǿıºߵѡ
һҵܹĳĺţȣһ³ڤǸеĸ֣Ϊ˶Ըǲȫûܹλá
ĺĶ־ֻʣһĶЩģá
һֵڱĽЩ̫ȶСŸҲ֪ǰĺڱһҶ⻹ɲݺӵֱ˺ɽᣬչʮѸ٣ĺﵽƽƽĵزһҪܼҵĴȣʽ棬ܼǲȱġ
Ӧһæת˻⣬ʻкͰչǵô
һ˵¶һЦ˵ǼˣĲУҲܾȣһ涼ʮֵѣ˵ҪǼҲҲûǻĵЩͨǣ֪˱֮ٹ鷳
ҵ˵ͷ˵ȷʵӦˣڰչͻǵĶӦöصƿ֮С
ȳԹ˷һ磬Ҵٸչϻǻظ绰ȥƽʡǵġ
˵Żʻ˴ԼСʱҵĹ⾰Ǳ㵽Ŀĵأһ˵طĺÿڣҪϴӷ硣


1706 ֲ
֮ͣұһ˳ȻԹкң뵽һ֮У˴ãȻһʮֿķ䣬Ƿ֮һž޴ԲϰڵľƲˣޣɽ亣ζȫмһһͷ¹ݳްʳָ󶯣еˡ
һ֮λ˵ԭǿͣϱҪλ
ĺÿڣλãƳ֮󣬻λȻҺһֱ࣬Щ˽ĺÿڵ
֮ǰĺЩǼɱˣЩѡǸƵġ
һȸҽһûõļÿڵЩ׷վ˵֮ģҲվһһǻϻҪչ˵ġ
ʵҲϲֳϣҪΪһԵʣڱҪĺĹϵãȻҲܵǡ
Щÿڵʮ굽ʮ겻ȣһΪ㲻֮ǰЩĺÿڵȣĲ̫࣬ͬն˿ĺʵǴǰˡ
ϯ䣬ｻűĵڴ½ص顢ɽһص׷ɱϡ
Ҳʮֺ棬ôܹôǿеѳģǣҲͼ򵥵һ˵˵Ȼ򵥣˶ľսЩøÿڵһʼֻǱĿһ˵Ҵôǿһ·˱˳羴֮ɫ
һڻѩկ˻Ϫӵȵȵһϵе飬˸Ƕѣ֪ΪʲôԽҴϱͿˡ
ٷԵ˺춼˲ɢ뿪ߵʱҺһ͵˼
һסĵطԶһƬׯ԰֮УȻһĴ󣬹Ǽ˾кܶ࣬һʱܼѣһ·ɱɱûôһļ˽ӴҲлһļ龰һϾ
ֻǽ첻Уһ˵;Ͷ٣һȥϢһ£ʲô˯һ˵
ԵʣôһֱûкúϢʮƣ룬ұ㱻һұ¥һͷרһӶźߣſʱȴӦ
ƣĺˣ򵥵ϴһ£µڴϾ˯˹ȥһ˯ʮ֣ȻһΣĳʮֲֿﾹȻε˸ʩĻ찵أȥȰܣҲ֪˭ͷðûͺεʱͻȻ˺СŸ磬һͷһ̩ߵӣĻﻹһ໴ӤЦŸ˵СŸ磬㿴ǵĺӡ
Դ˵һ£ըһ㣬ȻȻУųһ亹
Ҳ֪ôһֵΣҲ̫һЩ
˼ҹɣһֱ⸴ӵĸ⣬ÿҾʱ򣬻ǲĻⷽȥ롣
֮ϴһ˼ųţſھվһӶˣǳҾһſͿ˵ˡǼү˵֮Ҵȥ鷿
ҵ˵ͷ˾ֱ鷿һ˽ŲֱӾ͹ҿţﻹһֻеʲô
һݣһ˷ţæ˵СŸ磬ˣǲ֪˯ûãϻǾÿСʱҴһ绰˯ûУɰҸˣϽӸ绰ɣҪȻǾֱܹˡ
һ¾ǣæһнӹֻ绰Ǳߺܿ촫˻ϤСŰС󣬱ô׷ɱûܵһǱ߿ȥˣǵһҼúˣˣ
СӾǹ²Ҹ˺һ绰űչ˹ȥǰһ飬һƽֻѦСߵУһѣұǸɽ͹ȥĲǿѦС߸˵ֹۣܲԴǿ͹֮һֱʹλүӵķ֮УڻûΪǿеһʮֺĶλү취˿϶ˣҲ˵ʲôʱܹѹǿʲôϢĻһʱ֪ͨҡ
ǿǱ߿϶֪һЩҪȻԷҲ¶


1707 һ֦
ڻܲϴףȫָǿܲˣҲܹĻʹҪصĵʲôˡ
Ǽֵܷ׷һͨǵ֪ҵİȫ֮󣬱Է˵ǿѹ֮Ǹ缸صϳپۡ
һ˵¶иоٴһܴźϴȥʡʰʬʱ򣬻ʱҪСȴéɽӹģ˳ٿҵĸĸŪģҵļƻȫˣСȲҵߣܾ˵ʲôһ֣ҪȻлʱҲǱ
Ҳ֪СéɽôˣôʱûңСѾͷ϶ңʵҲġ
һ𣬲֪ʱ
һĵ绰֮һˣڵĽӣ֪ǱߵˣϢ϶ͨϴܵл˰׻䳤ϵһս
£ұԼֻһŵ绰Ӳһȥ
ӽӵҵĵ绰е⣬ʲôûʣ֪ʲôϢϢôͨѾ֪Ѿ˻ġ
ҵܼ򵥣һ°׻䳤ϵôˡ
һжҵ֮⣬ϴηǼ֮󣬰׻䳤ˣҵЩһصһ뱻ص˸ɱˣϾǱʧҲʮֵĲأǰȥ׽ҵЩϾֵ˲ѪӵȫߣҪصĺԮ󲿶ӹĻ
֮⣬ɽֱǼλλǳսбѪӵ˸ɱˣȫйƶȫã״ʮҡ
ϾֵľֳձŭƽȫҵͷϣСһһηȰҲҪһʱ䡣
Ӧһл˽ӣȻұһһֱʮʵ⣬Ƕ䡣
ǵһ˵ͻȻֵĻⱲӸʲô
һЩɻ󣬱үʲô
ôʲôʵ𣿡Һ
ûУ߰ʮǰʮųƽһ֦Եģǲ֪ΪɶͻȻڽ伣ˣһ˶һУǸ־ڶĳСϣ׳ƶɣֻǵӼ٣̫ٴγֵʱ򣬾ǸʮˣΪʮָߣ˶֮λᣬʮһֱûڽ¶棬үøʲôӺ
û¶ҾôһʣˣǶסСʲô֣ôҵʵ
Щ鷳ˣ˵ǶסСҲһʮصĶ츣أֻǹģéɽɽЩɵĶ츣С̫࣬ƴһطҪҵҲô׵飬үһҪĻҿԷԸֵµȥ飬ľ֪Ϣɫ
ǾͽˣҪҴ̽ⶫ䣬дáֵ
үԸ飬ôܲϣģ¶ϡӴƱ
Ƭ̣ұҵ˵绰ʱһ̤ʵһȥ֮ұҪȥҺ֮仹Щû˽ᣬҲϡͿĹȥôҪһ𸴲С
Ҵ绰ʱһһֱһţСŸ磬ʲôỹжԹ
ûСҡͷ
ʲôһ
һ¶ûһıҪˣ㽫ûͶ˶µһһ֮𾪲ѣ֪ˣҵŮѣںüǰѾһصˣȻû飬Ȼޱȵġ
һ֮һŵСŸ磬϶ȥɩӿɲȥãҪǲ鲻ԸģǸ缸ȥǡ
¶ӲⲻýȥôȸٶҲ١ҵ
һ˵ͷ˵඼Ѿ׼ˣȥĸĸһҴżλֵܾܼˮ֮УܼһֱûüлңһĸĸҪúллơ
ллģҲôһ¶һĸĸбҪġ
£ҸһȥǼҵĲһһƽǮ˵
һĸ֮ǰǼģȴûмĸףһһȥʮʵŮˣĺܺãоҲʮ겻ӣʵѾʮˡ


1708 
һĸǼģֻϴߵĴæûüѡ
һμ棬һĸĸҶʮֵ飬æһлϴôԶϹܼҵ顣
ҸǶϺһ˵Ӧõģ֮ǰҸһƢֺϵΪֵ߲嵶ҲĸԸѣһҲǿܼӦ
λ˼ʮָˣæҳԷϯ䣬һĸײͣĸҼвˣǸúӣûж󣬻˵һиӣĺܺÿ
һ˵¶Ҷʱˣ˼ҵԧװǳĺÿѦСһԶ¶ɲ˵
һæ˻⣬һΡ
ԷʱǻǸԽ߾֮еīүӣһ˵ˣܸ˵ȴдˣȻܼ̫үīүʱĺӰһźڰ׵ϾƬʱǶʮ꣬žװӢˬīүվܼ̫ү߿ʮֿģҶʮֵ˧û뵽׷ԲԵīүӾȻʱôÿֻϧһӶ˴֮УΪ飬һ˵ԺлһȥԽ߾Ĵ֮лһīүӡ
ٷԵĺܰʮǢҾǼеһԱλҲҵԼˡ
ʱ䣬һֱķƽ˾
ÿ󲿷ʱ䶼һҵıǱУָ壬֮ǰΪͰ׻ƴ֮ʱܵҲڿٵĻָһһӡ
û˼죬ָӴһ绰һ¶Ӹ˵üĿǸڶ֮ĿֻǸͨСһܹһ۾ܹǱУΧ꺣ǸСţѰ˸ҲǸطҵҲѿǸСΪСΧкܶຣ޴ڣıˣǵط̫ãʱ籩꣬磬кУ񶼲ҿǺΧһУױҲ˺УһգͷӶҲ
û뵽ȻסһС֮ϡ
ָ˵˵ܾ֮ǰȥǸСϵĻʮƯΧرҲʮֵȶסǸ־ڿмλõһСɽϣֻҪС֮󣬺׾ҵ
ұһڻǱʲôƣһûʲô㡣
ָ˵ڻĵص鼸ȫæʰһصΪϴθһصصʧ̫ˣ˽ˣصܾǱŭϾ˼ߵˣǧײصǹϣһᱻʰ⣬ɽǱ߿϶ûзҵ׷ɱڵɽνҸҳ
Ͼɽƽ̵Ķӣ¶ҪиۣҪȻɽ澡ʧ
ӸңһҪСɽǲڻģҲҪСǡ
Ȼûи߽˱ҲӦ֪ˣϢͨ϶ţߣڱҲжĿģ¶ڲס
л˽ӣȻҵ˵绰Ժ˻ģȻҲȥģֻǰһ׼
һۣʮ춼ȥˣЩ죬ҵƻȫָˣһ죬ָѦС߲һ绰ȥһǿѦС߸˵ǿһһתǻûѣλүҲھΣƻҪһʱ䡣
ȻұѦС߿Ц˵ɶʱ飬̫ùˣȱϲƣϲϵĻһ¡
һ˵¶ѦС߱Щ˼ˣ˵ҪһȣҪҰȫ֮˵ڽ飬Ҳϲȥǡ
⵹˵ʵ
תۼ䣬һһ£ǰʱһֱˣ֮ұʱ侲úĥһ콣ĵ߽ʽˣ߽ʽ죬һʮǿĽУֻʮ죬Ҳû̫ĳЧʱ򽣻ܹһͷ
һǸæˣÿ춼Ҫȥ˾ǼҵĲҵҲͷ
ڼ䣬ĺҲҹΣҲûɶ¶飬˰СʱߣҶҲǿͿġ
һһң˵ǼŲŲܳסϱҳȥĴתתһķ飬ҪȻͰˡ
һͻȻһ飬һԴϴȥկ֮Ҿûмϵֳֻǧƣʲôˣ嶾ͻƤĶԣûг


1709 ǧ׷ٹ
һ˵¶һϲЦտ˵Դǧƴӹկ֮󣬳˽֮ãѹʱ򣬸֮ǰĸоȫһˣһʼǧϵʱλϹ˵Ҳ֮ǰʮ֮һͣ嶾ͻƤĶ֮󣬵ͻͽǻָĳɵͣȻʮǿˣСŸ磬벻뿴С
ǸϽðϽóơϲ
һһؿڣȻ˵ֳӣ͸͸ˡ
һ䣬ұ㿴һɫһˣȻƨɺɳһֻװֵķʳӣֱɵһǰͣתȦӡ
һʱĴӵۣһѽǧƸץУŭ˵ĳӣǰŲ߷Ҫߺ棬ԺٸҲûι
˵գһ㽫ǧƳԶȥážһ죬ǧƱ㱻˵ϣһ
һæȥǧƿǸôԴ
ҿǧſڵһ浣Сᱻˤˣæǰȥ
ģǧƤ񣬵ǹ룬ˮ֣Ҫֱ̫ˡһҽ͵
˵ҿǧƵʱСڵװƬ̣ȻٴηΧȦӣȻ󲻵κεķȻһ´ҵؿ˽ȥһȻһûиоʹ֪ǧƵֻҪ΢µƣ᳦̱ãΪһ̱ŧѪ
һϽСȥ̫ˡЩŵ˵
һߵҵߣϿһۣȻ˼£üͷ΢΢
զˣϸϴ裬ӦûζɣҺ
ǳζǧƸϱ˶ֽţһֵĹơһɫ
ûЦɣ˹ƣ֪ܲ˵ˣһоûаƵ
ֹɫζûκ˺ȴһֹܣܹһֹƳѭζҵķλǹƶ֮еһǧ׷ϵĹѾǧƸˣϸ룬û˹ƣǧ֮˵йƣ϶ġһ
˵һ£ܿһ飬·ϣʲôطţص˻ɽˣһصˣ׾ٵҵҵټһֱôҵҵģ˴𰸣ԭǱ˹ơ
ԴҲû뵽ʲôֵĹơ
Ҫ˵ùƵˣҵʶһѪկѪӣĹƶ֮뻯һֱûиѪʲôӴǶ¹ƵĻҲо˵ˣҸ֮ǿǲһľأҪǶ¹ƣ϶ңôֲܻ᲻زҪĹơ
ߣҾϵӦͱ˸ˣѪ֮ǰҾͱصɽ׷ɱ׾ٵҵԼķλ
֮ǰĻ˶Ҷֽţֻڴʡĵ֮ˣпܱ¹ƵʱڷʳлӴ棬Ҷпܱ˶ֽţΪʱǱصѺŵġ
ʡ֮أƵ˺ܶ࣬ϢĸµƣҲġ
ϾֹɫζûκθоֻǾ߱һֶλĹܡ
ʵҲһֱص϶ֽš
ڣǧƣƳϵĶߣҪȻһ֪ƶ೤ʱء
һСŸ磬˭пܶ¹𣿡
ҵ˵ͷпϾֵЩ˵ɽλŵʱ򣬱˵ϾֵṩǾûбˣҲ֪ǻϪӱڴʡڣʡƵ˺ܶࡣ
ǾνˣϵĹѾǧƸˣûκвƶľ̫ԶǷӲʲôõģǶԷҲ˱ҵķλһ
ӦһЩ㷲ʱһͻȻֳؿڴһץǧƱϣԼؿһģǧƱ㲻Ӱ
СŸ磬߰ɣпգڱĴ䣬һ±ķ⡣һ˵ţסҵļ˱㻺ׯ԰ȥ
ֻǻûߵſڣͻȻ㿴һ¼һѪ˵ǵǰ
Һһһ˶ʱһ¡
һʣһ±ү˵ĺˣҪ顣


1710 
Һһһۣⶼһ£һһǸŵˣ̱˳棬ôŪӣ
Ǵһλµ֣ߵһߣһ˫մѪץסһĸ첲¶ѪģŪѪǱ˵ѪһſڣһѪĭӣŪһһһ⣬סǸ˵ӡ
Щѵ˵ܼү˺ɽЩˡߵʧأҲˣҡҺòײɱһѪ·˳үĽϡȥһɡ
˵ţǴֱӹһǰʱҲſķȫǵڣƤⷭţѪ죬Щط¶˹ͷǲʱľΣСѱ
棬ģһȥأһеʵ
ڡɽׯѵ˵⼸֣Ȼһͷ˹ȥҶһ̽ıϢ˻һæԸ˵졭콫̧ߣϽΣü˽ҽһҾȻ
æ̧ˣѪһ·ӣܾȻǺ
Ǳ˸ߣһţµĹϵܺãԽϱ˸ɱˣôһŵĹˣʵɽ˶ĺһֱ֮ǰϰ³ڤɱ֮ɸǶĺﴹѲѣһֱΪǻΪܼҸĺĹϵɵ֣û뵽ôǾͿʼˡ
˵ţһң˵СŸ磬¶ô
¶ʵͲʣ˿϶ҪģĺܼҵĹϵôãɽ˶ҶûнܼҷֻҪĺﱻɸˣʣµĿ϶Ҫ̲ܼңҷⱦİɻһص˶أһʲô鶼Ҹɡ
һ㻹ǶһлϴұϾֵ˸׽ѣҲܼȣĺһˣܼҹҲҪ꣬˵ˣϽ߰ɡҵ
лл㣬СŸ硣һм˵
ʲôллģֵܡҵ
ǵһ£żһ˹ȥȻǸҶȻǿ׳ҲҪ׼Сһ
ã˾ۼ˶ˣ㹻ˣѵĶû𣿡һ߸һ˵ţһ߳ׯ԰ȥ
СŸһҾ̤ʵֻϵôˣܸ˶𣿡һЩĵʵ
ͺˣһ֮ǰѾȬˡҵ
㣡һͻȻ󺰵
ſڵ˶ʱæߵѾһոµԽҰ˸ʻһΪ·ҲϤ
һ˵ǸɽׯһٶأĺĲҵһƬܴׯ԰ɽﶯ֣϶׼
ĺ֮󣬾һֱô̫ƽΪĺﻹһЩ³ڤ£ǳȴһڶݺǵǸ磬³ڤĲ£һβ֪һŪ۶ӣֱӽˡ
ڳϣһ򵥵ĸ˵һɽ˵
³ڤûбɱ֮ǰĺڱȻһҶ󣬵³ڤļ֮ĺû֮ǰǰǿˣڱ˺ɽγ㶦ľ棬ڱƺĹȥﾭһЩ㣬µ˴ȥ˶װǲ֪ìԽԽҪһܵġ
ֻһû뵽ǻôĶ֡
·ϣһӿĸһһ߿һ߸˵һ·ĸɽƵġ
⣬˵壬һʮݵĽɫ˵ҲӳиҵҲǱϰɣʮ£һɥŰ趯󣬹񺿣ֻҪɥŰУҲҪϰСֵµǿͽҲ٣ıߵʮ޺Ǹʮͭ˲һģһ׹С
ɽİ죬˳ưʮң˿ˣɽһִģǵ˾ûһ³峯زѪӵĹ¶ˣҲõѪķ֮ȡ׼ֶʮֺɽһƵģϵɱִ󲿷ֶɽᡣ


1711 սپ
һ˵ĵЩ˼оɵʵףֲøҶ
ʵҾñ㶦״̬ͦõģ˴֮ҲܹԼ͸ƵģһĳһʣµɻᾭŪûаȵʱˡ
һĹٷĹɶ档
¶ŪģҾǸĹٷʲôǣһ֪ڱƱȱص׷ҡ
ڱʵʵĴţʲô۶ӣǲ̫ˡ
һ˵һ·Ҳţ׻˵ĺã֪֪ˣܰսƴ֮ǰ϶ҪԶԷи˽ġ
۴¶ֻҪ۵鷳ۿ϶⣬ֻܽķΪ֮
Ȼ˺ɽҪ飬ó飬ֱĺｫɸ£ˣܹĺ̲ǣòԺܼҸǹİȣʱ˶ǡ
һҲ͸ӰȫһЩ
һٶ·һɻƵģ˲Сʱ㵽νɽׯĸ
ɽׯԶһ㽫ӸͣΪǲݾߡ
ǽӲ˰ԶԶıǵط˺ɱһŨŨѪζƮɢ˹
һ֮ұһһô飬ǱĹһܣ
ڽⷽ汦Ǹ½һ£⽭ֻҪǲͨϰ־УٷҲǰͲ⼸ɵ˶˲źãҲùһЩߴˣٷʬͺáһ˵
ȥôݡ
ɽׯĸƬ̣Ĵʮֵϡ裬Ѿӽβˡ
ȻԷбǱ߿϶ŲסˣǱҪжС
ʱѾҺһèٵĳɽׯķ򿿽ǰûãܿ췢ɽׯһ·ĵطһȺˣЩӦþ˺ɽᰲϺˣĺߣרŵġ
ҺһųȫĺܺãҲҺһˡ
£Ҷһһ֣ʾǰлϢȸɵЩ˵һҪսپ
£ҺһٵķֿƵЩ˵ǰ棬һЩ˵ĺ档
ҿЩݴ֮УһЩˣ±ϢĽͭǮ˳ƵĴ߶ͭǮ
ͭǮһֿʱ򣬷켤Щĺˣʱ˴ʲôˣ
үү
ҴһͭǮȻ䱻ҼǧٵͭǮһƬ˶ȻȻѹȥ
Ҹոն֣Щ˵ƺ֮һѾǰһȶˡ
Щ˻ûзӦǧٵͭǮֳΣһƬɨЩ˵ӴȫǿۣѪ֮С
ȺӵʱȫˣһǱߵĸ졣
ҳһǱ߹ȥһЩǵңЩѪЩĿ࣬޲˫ۣһĿģ
˵϶һǧƽЩ˸ɱġ
ֲС̫ˣһСһڣҸΪе治࣬µıĹƳ棬ҪǳԹϴڹկһ嶾ˡ
Щ֮Һһ첽ĳׯ԰֮жȥȻ͵͵ķϵԺǽݶ֮Ͽٵߣһ·ȥ֮ȫǺ˵ʬ壬Ѫɺӣвŵڸϵʬ岹»нҴġ
죬ҪģǱ֮ʵдգпһȡ
ҺһΪͣһ·ǽԽܿ㵽ׯ԰֮еһƬյصǰ棬һС㳡һĵط
С㳡֮УۼˣΧһܴԲȦԲȦ֮ڣҿ˻Ѫ߾ͻĸˣÿҲѪģϲϵڵѪ
˵һ㵭ĽâӦڷһĶǷֹ˴ǹ
˵һʬ壬̵ضǣѪζŨֱӡ
Ǹոյһɫ׵ĸһͷǰһ˵ģ㶼ˣϽͶͶ˵үҸȫʬһˣǿɾʹж˿飬ȥιˡ
죬ҲڣȻҰңĳ˹ҲŹ㣡Щ˵
ȻôҾͳȫ㣡ɱǰһӡ


1712 ɱ
Ҳûʣ¼ˣҸˣǵΧһƬˣʬɶѣѪɺӣ˺ɽȴǱǿ׳˶ڣҺһǼ׵ҪСˡ
һӣΧΧ˶ʱٴγǷ˳棬ӵͣĳǴȥзϣʱҲ˲ǡ
ҺһһۣȻһΧˡ
ҽͭǮȺս˳ܿ߶˱ͭǮ󣬶һֱӣһؿڣֳǧƾͷ˳
ͭǮܿɣȻ仯ǧٵͭǮɽ˵ѹȥűͭǮ󲻶ǰȥÿǰһξ룬ĽһʱƺƵâէ֣ضյһƬͨ
ôĶܿ쾪Щɽ˵ˣ׷ͣסеĶתͷűͭǮķ˹һֵŴ͡
ͭǮٶ̫ˣЩȫӵһ𣬲ûзӦҲûӣӵһ𣬷Щҡ
֮䣬ͬǽȻѹ£ಡڶЩ˺ɽ˾Ǳǹɨһ˲͵һƬҽ˷Ҵɨһۣ⽣ɱˣ˵Ҳ߰ʮ֮ࡣ
ǱߵĶոͣһǧղҲûпǧƷɵЩͭǮɱ˸ոյµƬ֮䣬˶ھδʱ򣬴һߣҽϵһƬһƬ˵һѪôĶ֪Сͱˡ
ΪֲǣЩ֮󣬲ϵĴ֮һЩŹֵĶ׷׳ӶȥЩв֪˱ǧµӹҧһڣ̼ɥЩҲ˲öԸˣŵ۴У׷ȥ˽еķĴŴЩʬ֮ĶӣҺһһǱߵĳѳֲסЩˡ
ȥʱĶ˳ңңĿűͭǮķһһϣ֪ô˵ˡ
ǧһɱ˼ʮˣȻȻһʬ嵱з˳һ㶵˵˹ȥΪܿ͸ҾĪΣеɥŰһޱ߹֣ȫסԼţǧΧһȦûҵʲôٴ۷˹һͷ֮ϡ
һ̣Һһһͬĳ֮з¡
һǹǽҵĽҲǱҼ˳ǰ档
үүǡˡһҺһһ͸˺ɽһһ֮£ϰ˶ٵһ㣬ʱĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ģҺСŸ϶ȵġһɫ
Ϊ뵶ɽΪ»𺣣ҷģڣһͷһ
ǿҪ˳Һһһأҵöλүȣмû뵽λүĸϹˣΪձˡûģӽ֮ĳү;үˣλүһ仰ĳǣϧ
˵˺ɽȺٴνǸСİΧɥŰ忴һۣ۾һУݺݵ˵һΪ˭أԭܼҵܴӣ˸ܼԩ޳ΪʲôҪ˻ˮѵ˲ǣ
ûģĳ˵ѣɱҪȹһءһΚzǽǰһ
ѪӵɽϴҲǰʮЦĺѾΪܼҵ߹ûѪԣһ治٣ܵģʶĸϽҪȻҲҪһᣡ
˵䣬ǰеѪӵٵתѪǷѪ
ҿǰһۣٺһЦ˵λѣ˵⻰ҾͲˣһֵܣҪɱҲùһء
Ŀȫҵϣ´һۣͬʵ˭
㲻ʶңʵ
ʶٴδۣҡͷ˵
ʶͺãСүʶʶĳ⣬λϴ󡣡ɫ
һҵ֣Ͱ۾ͬʱ䶼ԲˣԵЩĪ循㡭


1713 ʮ޺
вգҾҿ˵
ٴζһۣͬʱһţɱĺǰΰ³ڤɱĺǰεĺü
¶Ҹɵģҳϡ˵
̩նɱ˺ˮʥ̵³ǵİΧȦ˳ˮʥˣ¶Ҳɵ𣿡Ծ
һ£Ǹ³ɱģֵֻܰչһ϶϶ɱˡҵ˵
ʱ˿ҵĿֲһˣ¶һ˿ӵɫֵ˵ǵɽص黹Ĵ׷ɱ㣬ǻаһصҲ㾹Ȼеܵǣ㵨ӲС
СǾͲˣһصҶëʶĸϽͷϴСүһ˻һͨ뺣һɱڡҺ˵
λڱʮܾͱҼ򵥵ļ仰ŵҲ֮е顣
Ȼǰȱһ˵СӣŻ˭أӻ콭ʱ㻹ûأǰʲô磬ȻˣҲ£ýСӸˣͷһص˵ܸһصĴһЩϵٺ١˿ǻǼһˡ
ϣСӵ̴ĵǶ죬һûɶϢŸһصʲôϵ˼һصôСɫ
Ͷ࣬Ҳøٶ˵ϻĥƤһûУΨһǵİ취ǾǽǸˣûһƢС
£еĽһһ콣еĻ㾦Ȼŷ˳Űʹ˹ȥһûеɥŰȥУһ˹ȥ
ܹȥЩ˾ˣʱһɫĹضһ´˵ؿڣѪ岽ɥ
֪ҺһöԸһȥ֮󣬵һʮ޺󣡡
һ䣬ӺѹѹȺ֮ͻȻʮ˸ͷһŶÿֳһӲӵĹӣӦǴͭģ滹˻ƣʮ˸ͷ̫Ѩ߸߹һϣһ볡УһȣеͭͬʱָҺһ
һ̣ʮ˸ͷ͵һ³Լ£¶һ⣬ϸ񣬵ͦ˵ģֻǴ忴һۣƳ˶ߣʮ˸ͷ򵥣ÿ˶һĹڽĹֶλͦģſԵǹ룬ֻǲ֪ǲǴ˵еǰ㿹
үүǿҪСˣһϹҵʮ޺ʮֵղϳ˴߹ǶвСǡСĵѵ
ʲôƹҽ쵹Ҫʶһ¡
һӦĻʮ˸ͷһȣ趯еͭͬһ㳯Һһ˹
£Һһ㶶еĳɱս֮С
һνʮ޺Ҳ֪ⷨʮֲֿЩһ˸𹥻̣˸𹥻̣˹·󱳻͵Ϯֱӽһпܵ·ˡ
ˣЩеͭƴ꿳һ𻨴磬ҵĽЩ˵ϣͭϵЧҲ࣬ܿ㱻˳ȥ
ЩϺûƵģҲʮִ죬Ҫٰ˲ֶΣڹؼʱ㿪Ʊ˿
һǧƶ˳Щνʮ޺˹ȻҲ޷ƿǵ壬¹ơ
ʮ˸һˣһһһʱ䣬ҲҲǵ
ȥʲôʮ޺治Ǵţģˢӡ
ʱһǹǽǷӳһãΪһǹǽ̺Щ⣬еͭײһʱ򣬱еͨͭ뵽ǵڣЩһҲֻһʱãҪɱǻЩѡ
ӱߵǣɽİһ£óŷɥѪԸҺһѪһԲ״Ķܶе̣Ҳм⵶Ƥⶼܳһ飬ѪֹסؼǣѪӸϣǲޱȣһһ֮䣬ôһԴͱժշ


1714 ʬ
µǣǰһѪӣǰһƤ˶ѪֲɱǳҺһ׹ѪӵʱмʮѪշ裬Хתܵһɲǣ㿴ߵһ£ѪӿסԴһһôһͷ­㱻Ѫ˺ü׸ߡ
ʮ޺ѹƣмʮѪΣķԲС᲻ܹбӵİҲ˵Լֲɱдڡ
ҺһЩƴɱʱٴȺŹ֮УԺﺰɱɲ˵Ѫ֮С
УȥҺһܹҲֲ˶ˡ
һҧһεĴ߶콣һаˮʹһ֮˷ʱһ޴ĺ죬һƬ˱ɷ֮˰֮УҲʮ޺Ҳвٱ졣
һĴ׷ɵѪӵϡ˺ܶࡣ
ܶ˶ըķѣѪأʮ޺Ƥû˵Ƿֺ
ʮ޺֮ɳ߷˹
ݵĻ֮ʣҴéɽ壬߶éɽζ˼£ż죬ڴԺ֮жһʱ䣬ղЩѪ֮еʬ壬жʮȫأԲ֮䣬Ƕʮʬӵϵ𣬴󲿷ֶ˺ëʬߺëʬһΪŹ֣һǺëһëüһģʲôʬ
ѵǺ̽ʬ
֮ǰҴ߶éɽʱ򣬴󲿷ֻǺëʬéɽһ߶󲿷ֶ˺ëʬһֻɫĹŹֽʬ˿һʱ䣬ҵΪǱĬ˲٣һͷһܹͻ콣߲ıѾԶˡ
ʮ߽ʬһ֣ǿǷͬСɣ󲿷ֶǺëʬɱʮ־޴
Ҫǹʲôʮ޺޷ЩëʬᲢۣվ⽩ʬĵǹ룬ˮ֡
ؼ⽩ʬһ֣ǹ˵ģȫëָҲǷ絶ЩĸǶļĽʬҹо󲿷ֶûмʬʲôӣǿˣһ¾Ϳ˶ʮһǵкܸߵĽʬ
ʬһɽ˵Ŀֻţһ޴֮
һ̣Ҵ߶éɽս֮УʮȫΧһʣµĴ󲿷ߣԸЩʮ޺Ѫӡ
ʮ޺һʼͦӲģͭͣĳЩëʬкˡۡ죬Ȼͭ˲ëǱëʬס˻ᣬЩʮ޺һ˵˵ϣſھҧֻЩʮ޺ĽҲͦʵëʬҧ
ЩѪӾ͸˼ˣвٶ˽ʬĲϣҲһһգѪӸնʬԴ˺ëʬĲϣоһëʬǴȦһ㣬Χ˹ȥһ·ɱ
Һһƴɱ֮ʣҲܽЩëʬѪӣͳһ衣
зңɽв˶ЩֲĽʬŵķ׷Ӵܣս
ʱһͻȻ˵СŸ磬ʮ޺϶ŵģĵطǵ۾ֻҪȫŪϹˣʧȥв
˵գһһʮ޺ߣһ۾ȥűһҺʮ޺֮һ۾˵ϣʧȥ˷֮
һŶæҲѧǵ۾˹ȥˣһǵ۾ǱûʲôսˣȻһƹȥ㽫ǵԴĳһѶԣɥ
ֲвʮ޺󣬱ʬôһ֣ʱûв
ԭڹսͰʱ಻סˣ׷ŷҺһɱ˹
ɥŰɱ˹ɥŰʮֵĻǰڴʱ򣬼˼ҷɥТõĹһ·ˣõɥŰеɥŰڷѪɫĹģȻǷӡԩУҹʱұԩĲҽ֮ʮֵǺ֮䣬һ̣쳣ֶķθĸо岻ͣĻеɥŰҵͻȻһ¶ҸΧЩһĿɭɭ²мʮ֮ࡣ


1715 а
һôΧʱҲûиоκεĿ־壬Ժȴֳǿɰɵģ
ˡ
Щ˵ǿɶеѲƷʲôԩĹ˵Ķ¶ַӱɽɵĸɸɾӶʣ£ûڵӣǼįѩ
Щʱôһ廹ΪɥŰеЩ׶ĹٺЦһûУּĹϷɥŰлкܶ࣬ҪǺµĻϽͶʡһЩǶˣǲӴ
Űһع
ôΪ㻹ӳϷĲɣ۾
ƴùһصȸϣܹĹˮʥ̵ĵ³Ƕҵϣ·ɫСүС˵
֮һĨ֮ɫɲ˵СӣݵòȳϷֶ˵ܻٸϷţƤɣ
˵գһеɥŰĹʱܻƣΧڣĹӰ֣Ƭ̵ĹŲϴɥŰ뵳Һȫһռ֮У˶ˣҲˣܿıҲĹХ֮
ôԩɷصգͨ˼ˣҲܹˣ֪Ѽôԩһٶ٣ȫֲԹ졣
Щ֮УȻҲбֺģ֪ʲôħаƵƾһռ²ռôԩ
̣ר׽ĵʿҲûκΣ۾Ͳһˡ
רжԸԩķЩԩҺХһ֣ʬߴǬ˱˳ʬаƣ޹ɱǼ֮˵ЩԩĹ֮Ҳʮּɵġ
ҽʬһóЩҺХʱŵķ׷˱ܿ
ҽӿ˷ʬ֮Уĩ˵Сٵ˸졣
ʬа֮ģã£ʬһóұȺУһ֮䣬ʬߵԩ̼㱻˷ʬ֮УЩԩԭʮ׶ӣһʬɱŵķ׷׶Ļиղ׶ģһĹ򲻵жʮԩʬɣ⻷ƵЩʱ˲٣ĺɱ֮ٴӳ˶
һеķʬôͣʱһ˵㡭õʲôȻܹϷƵ
øͣһֻнҲ˳һ䣬ֳɱȥ
ôԩ޷˵ңȴҲҽЩԩոһеɥŰЩԩٴյ˻ȥЩԩһգеɥŰɷ࣬ڣɫķ˸һ㳯Ҷͷ˹£ҲֻʬߣеĽƴʮС
һҲЩ͵ģеɥŰȷܹγһѹƣɥŰҸоЩϤԬеǸɻֻҪɻҪ࣬һӴкɫɷҽ֮ϲƣȻӶҰʹ˴ƵһЩֱӽЩɷֽˣ˹˼ʮУҸ廹ûзֳʤʱұЩͲסˣʱӲãأΧô˺ɽˣҪ˸ɱˣǺһͰһˣҽ˳Թ
£һݣƴͬʱһֱֻ黭˼շǰһƣǼշʱ˼򣬳ײ˹ȥ
ˣҽżһ棬Ʈһξ룬Ȼһεʩչ콣ƾʽһƵ֮رɫâת֮䣬һƾʽ㳯ݺݵȥ
еɥŰһ֮䣬㽫Ǽķ˳ȥȻӭıΪ͵һУһɫһĽƿ˵棬һĹֱ֣ײ˹ȥոɥŰǼ޴ĻȻûʱˡ
Ҵ֮пһޱȻֵ̿ɫһ̣߸߾ɥŰݺ


1716 ϴ
һƾĽУѾˣӲһУ
ҿеǣӴĵɷ֮滮һ׿Ĺ֣һɫĳݺݵײ˹ȥ
ڴ֮࣬߸߾еɥŰȻȻ両һ޴Ŀͷǰ档
ɺɫɷɵͷܿɫײһ𣬷һضɽҡĺ죬һʱ䳾
һдȥٰ֮˲ķٵı˹ȥ
Ҳ֪嵽ûеһУûûеµĻұٸһ¡
ɣҺܿ㱼ղվĵط岢ûΪһƾɥֻǱ˳ȥǿ϶ģҿʱĽŲͣģȻڵأеɥŰһԡ
Ҽӿٶȣٴһٰ˲ȥûһƱ㳯˹ȥķӦǺǿģһھ֮࣬Ҳһƣӭҵ˹
ҶƴԲ
ƻϴƣ֮䣬嵱ѪһԴУ֪˶ٸ
һɱָܿı⣬æлɢڵϵͷ˹ȥ
лɢ㶯ãһǵвǽˡ
ҲɱвɱôһǾò̫գ½ߣǺұ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳ߣҿ˹壬㽫Щֱճ
ʦֱҷų֮󣬱ԹԵſ˵ϣȻұתһǱ߿ȥʱһڸѪӵİݣ߻в£Ѫ͵ϮһҪһǧڸЩΧһȻҪ˴
ֻɨһۣһΣս֮У֮䣬㽫ѪӵļһڵأȻֱ˰죬Ƕ˺ϲһǰǰлСҲǸѲĽɫҺһһ˼ʮУûн£СͻȻһӣһƬâһһ϶Ǿ綾£һסһٰ˲˲˰˲⣬ȥЩ˶룬ȻҺһû뵽ǣСӾȻһ֮תͳɽׯȥ
屻һ׽ֻʣһ죬ЩֱŪЩʬ˵ӣ֪ȥڴ˴ˡ
ɽڲûգСΪͲ˼µ
Ҫܣ׵뿪£һ֣˳ȥ˳ʹ콣нߵȻƮ˰ǰ棬ŪǧӰס˰ȥ·
첻òͣ½ŲѪȥֵꡣ
ʱһͭǮٰ˲ߣٴһܿҲǧƷɱǰġ
һʱ䣬ԵлͷϵĽ꣬ҺһһֲֻǧŻû֮ǧҵһһ˰֮УʱһҽУͨһԵ˵ϡ
˽꣬ȥһѽӸץסˣһֻһķȥ
Ǳߣʦտĺܺãһʼ˲Ҫȳ֪ſڵϵĶʦֵ˲󣬻ðһԪȥ㽫¸˴˲ճһƬҽ
ʮͬʱ˹ȥʦͻȫ˴յĲҽвֹûǸҶʦֵ鷳ˡ
Ҳʮ޺ʦһԪȥνʮ޺Ҳճ
һʼզû뵽öʦֶԸЩһأ
һ׽˰죬ЩðļһҲ˹ҪȳȥǧƸˣһȦȥ߰˸˵˵ϣѪҲ̶á
һץŰ죬һ壬ֱõǵĲϡ
ɽ˵˶ˣ̸Сү֣ͣҪȻҾͽϴˣҳܴһһЩֶΣʱ׹صϢ
Щԭڴɱɱ˶ʱ׷ͣеĶ߿˹


1717 һ
ڿȫҺһ֮Щɽ˵ȫͣеĶҲЩûбǴڵصĺëʬȫ£˹ΧҺһߣһͭǽڣֹ˴ǹ
ʱ˲ҲһѪĵ˹վǵ
λһֱ֧ӵ˵ϡ
ҲûйȥֻǴһЩѦҲѪҩɫҩˣһѪҪȻܾˡ
ŴҩƿԼ˼ţȻֵݸǸ£˸һЩ
Ҳ֪δ˶ﱻ˸ˣǸʱߺʮ˲ӣھʣһ˴֮ˣһͳ˹˾Ҳǹҵġ
Թҩ֮ǻһ˵үүллǣ̫лˡ
΢΢ͷܿһۣԷжˣٴνǸΧһԲȦ֮У׷׽ǹе׼ǡ
ܿһǰ˵ϽϴˣҪȻ˭Ҳ߲ȥط
ʲô˵ķݶ𣿡һһۣǧƶʱǰ˼ףŵЩ˷׷׺
ʵʣµЩˣɱҲɱãֻһ¾̫࣬ЩĲ̣¶ܹƽòˡ
£ҿһ۱סӵİ죬˵հ׵ģϽ·ҪȻеĽҪѪˡ
ղűǧƸ˹ƣһǧƲûֻ֣ʱΪûл֮˱ϾһУͲͷһۣһҧгݵ˵ҪɱɱαôķϻˣҲĻȥ
вң۾һжʱɱġ
Ҹҵ۾ӣֱתͷȥ
ʱһҲвǱҴˣлɢ·Ͷ
СӸݣֱһſڣһһĭһóѣֱӽ˵ϣǿĭҲ˿մ
ôлɢСӾȻĭҲǹţġ
ϴ󶼲ԹԵĳô˼ˡ
ǿզ죿
һЩεĿһۣҼüͷҧһ촽֪Ƕɱġ
ҳ˵ͷʾԶɱһɱһӰ٣ҪȻЩ˻Ϊǳصġ
һõҵӦ֮󣬽еĽ׼壬˵һΣ㽵ǲ
ܼҵС֣Ūңҿܻܲ뿪Щ˵
úúãԼɾ͹ֲˣһҧгݵ˵ţȻһڣǧƺܿͷ˹һ¾֮У֮䣬㷢һɱĺУǱлɢСҲ۵ش಻ԣЩһˣ׷״ŰҪǰʱ򣬶ʦִһ˳һ޺𣬻汩һŵЩҪǰٴη׷ȥ
ʱȥͻȻ͸˶ʹһһƬˮݣϣĿȥʮֵĿֲȻЩССˮŧ׷ױѿŨ䣬ʬٵĸǸãһиָĶ˳
ǳӣûʹİţж˳
˵ˣҿֲĻ棬Ҳǻ亹ðͷƤ飬ȥǧҲ̫ôˣƽʱ޺ӣһƣɱĿֲʱҾҸǧһҪùϵһҪǸ͵͵¸ƣôĶ֪
ֹƬ̣Żıֽ⿪ˣ屻ƳͿգȻϣһƬһƬĶӳӿҽ˺һڼȵʹȥ
ҼΪҵԸɱô
һһǧɱ˵ֶΣȫסڳˣǧƴЩӶɳٴһߵʱڳ˶ķһ֮׷ˡ
ĸֻǧأ
ҿһ۱ҿסİ죬СѾŵĲɫȶӶڷˡ
ȡӦеЧұڰߺٺЦһ


1718 ѡ񳼷
ǧɱ˱ȴһҪңѪŧȫãλֶӳĥã˲ŻᱻӿʳɾΪǶӵϣɢȥ
룬ӲĺӣһҲܲˡ
ڰĶ˵һֵʱСŵĻһ£ɫʱѩס
ҵĻһ䣬ǧƾ͸ҵĻƵģ̵ת˷򣬳Ű߷˹
Ҳ˵Ц֪ǿ϶ɱźúǰ뷨ʱ𡭡ȶ֣ͶͶ
˿ڣҺһһһˡ
һ̣ɽ˵ֵǡϽеıзɡȥǶλүĶ֣ǱҪ
ĻɽЩ½еķͻȫ˵ϣЩƺôģܿվǣǸɱˣһһϣɱǣ𣡡
⻰һڣЩ¶ʱȺܣܶ˶еķҪɱ
۾һУ֪¶²ˣһٰ˲¶ļһߣ䣬ֱӽԴնѪʱϸߣȻһ֣˵ͷУŭ˵˵˶ţ˭ٸǰһǶ³
һ䣬˵ʬšͨһµأɱӺһá
ղɱǸˣȻҲ˵һмһСͷĿΪҲǲɱʱҽٰ˲ֶδ߶˼£еĽҲֺֿݣȡһɱԼչ˳֮ǸڳЩ˵֤СүǰǴ׵ĸ˭ըëַӾͷء
ǿѹǵǰЩ˻ɵģ׻˵ǹͷ˭ֻҪٸһ¶ͷұȡ
ۿžЩֵʱͻȻ䣬ͷˣׯ԰˷ͻȻðһˣ˴ΧһˮйͨȺ˭ء
ű˴¾ȼ٣
һͷȥʱ򣬷ĺһÿڵºˣȺһߵܿܳ䶨
ΪȺˣɶżһģֱӽȫΧˡ
ԭЩԥ˵ˣһΣ׷׷˵ֿԼеȫ˵ϣһ˫ֱͷΡ
˺ɽǳ׵ˣ˵屻һǧɱʬ޴棬ɽϴ쳹ûƢѡ˳
ܿ죬ĺЩ˷׷ʼʰо֣ɽ˵Щȫסˡ
ʱҺһߵ˰ߣҿ죬㻹ʲô˵ġ
Դ̾Ϣһ˵ûģϷˣ֪һֻܸʹ죬ǧǹƳɱңϷѾмˡ
˵ɱأ΢Цŵ
˵Щ˼Ŀҵġһܻ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ȻԻӦһ
һ㶣ү˵ֻҪܻ˵һʮҶܴӦ㡣
Ӧһ˲Զһ¡
ʱһЪϢֱ֮¼򵥵İһ£ȥͷ֮һЩ˲ߵүʲôԸ
ԺɽĺΣʵ
˵Ͱ춼һ㶣ǰʱͱɫȥЩΪѡ
ʱү˵ĺ඼Ϊͷۣо仰˵ĺã޳Ī̯Ӵˣͻ˼ϣ˵ˣɽ˼ǹ£ĺ£ǵµҲһĹ
ҲǸ⣬ֿ˰죬˵Σ
һȷʮֵͻֻǳ˵һеүԸǡ
ҿһһܿһ취˵ɣɽԺģֻԺٸĺܼԣҪȻһʰ㡣
ϲסˣܼɽϴ¶ȥҡ
£쳯һ֣˵лүлүһΪү
Ҳ˵̫磬⣬ӣտڰģҿŲ΢Цŵ


1719 ߵһ
϶¶һЩϲɫİ죬һ˵ɫֺһֵ̿Ŀҡ
Ȼ΢΢һЦԵһһܿҵ˼ǧƷһ˵죬Ű߷˹
󾪣һסһֵү˵ɱ𣿡
ûûɱ㣬ֻǧֵֹΪ˷ģҪĻƳɾûʲô׼ͷˣɲҪҡҺٺЦ
Ȼ֣վǧ֮ܿУǧһӣҺԵĿϵļⶼεĲ
϶ŵĿҪ˿ӣǧҪǿ϶ҩɾȣɥ
ڣǧƲûڰϴãҾͿСӵɫһ죬ɫȣȻջһģǧƱ˳ȥ
һߺš
ǧƷɳ֮һߵ˰ߣвϴϸˣֻ˵һ飬еĹƽƣƶ֮ʱȫãƳȻгǧֻƳ嵱ĥСʱ֮ŻղеĹƶһģһģֻƶ֮֮ʱһҪǲ뷨ʲôǶŲ̫˳۵飬ƶʱҵĹµģƣ֮⣬ûκܽ⣬ҪȥĻ̱ƶԡȻԺֻҪʵʵģǣƶһҲᷢҲûʲô֪
һüģһĽܣ亹ǲ㲻æͷ֪ˡ֪ˡүүԺǾܷģҰǶλүߵһ
ҡҡͷЩΣȻİļ˵ϴ㲻ģҲûҪ㵱ʹĴ㣬ֻΪ㲻ΪУĺΪУǺƽ˵ԺܳΪѣ͸ǺһһʼҲǻΪУҲһѣ
˵ɫһЩЩ˵ллүллү
һ˻֣Ȼ˵ϴڿԴ뿪ˣ˳㽫ЩʬߣǸٻΣ
ĸҲӣæҺһֵ𣬴Щбܽ뿪ߵʱ򣬻صʬ嶼ˡ
£ĺ˸
ߵ鶼֮ߵǰٴһأ˵λүǣҪǶλүʱϵ϶ҪˣΪǶλүˣԺƾǲ
˵ļҲʮֵϣĹ˳ˡ
£ұʮֺʵҲ̫СˣôɽׯǸأ
ʱЩҧгݵ˵ǻĹطģ˵Ҫ¸̣ʱϷҲûж룬⻢Ҳĺÿڣʲô飬ʹ˶ʮ¹ˣ֪ǻ˺ɽµľ֣յûм˸ΧˣϷȥ֮󣬱ؽǻ׽ûʬΡ
Ļ©ٳɲаӣһ£ӣ类һҲ
лλүѣϷ֤ԺҲƵˡɫ
һг䶨֮ҺһûٴıҪˣȻ֪һæصһļ
αƴֳӲСƺпܾˡ
Ҿ±ٹҵ鷳
ǶסˣҲǾĵطǳ˱ʵ벻һ㵽ʲôطȥ
֮Ѿûҵ֮
ҽҵǵ·ϸһ˵һ£һ˵¶ǲ̫ģǰݣưһ
ε֮Ҳǹ£һЪϢ죬˵뵽ĺȻɽҲܹʹѾһʮǿҪҲĺȫԲٿʩѹ˲Ļһ飬ѹǶסġ
ԣ߿϶ûʲôɵĵģܿ԰ĵĴ
˵һǾЩġ


1720 Ϣ
֮ұһ۷صļ˷ƽ˾ĺǵ飬ԼȫһˣѱܻģҪڶǺұص׽ʱ򣬹ȥҰæȥܡ
ѱܻҪ̣ܲͲ棬ºˣ̣ⷬǱϵĽ֪ңƺܿҲҪǱߣϾڵͨѶ˷ܹܿ˽֪
˵һܴĵȷʹ죬˺ɽЩҪΧĺҺһȥһնɱ˶Էôˣ˵ɱˣؼҲûзѶô
ҲǸոˣ˵ͬʱҲڲϵУʱΪǳ˲١
֪УҵΪǱĬš
ֻԽߣԽܹоԼĲ֮ЩĸȣԼʵԶء
ҵһֱɽЩϵһصİ׻䣬Ҳ֪ҵΪʲôʲôܳԽЩϵ׻ﵽһ־ΪǾˡ
ʮְݵңʱ̲ڻûΣգʱ̶ΣշҲһֱһͷڹһڱģҿ϶ҪȥģҵĸĸҲҵֵܡ
ԼûɶǸܼҴʲôֻҲⲻȥ
Һһصĵ죬ĺ˹˵Ҫ˹ȥĺмҷ棬һʲ֪׽סĺεĻǻ˺ɽɽׯ¶ˣҺһȥǹȥôмҷ
ΪһݺǷҪ֮࣬ģһСҲҪۣܵȫҪ
ǳ϶ѪȣѪȼЩ࣬ȥֳ棬ҿ϶ǲȥģǸʱ䣬ڼúһһԼΪһ϶Ǳܲȥ϶ҪȥһģҪȻ̫ˡ
һ֮ǰⶣǸ϶ﲻˡļ˾ͲҪΪˣߵĹҲ̫֪Ǳߵˣ˲ûиŻͽǸ˰ɡ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ҿɱħͷһص˳֮ΪɱħԭĴ֮ˡ
ϽĺҲҪԴʲôˣԴ˿϶ҪпᣬѻҪһů
ЩͨˣȦģǵùҹ
һӦ˵¶һ᲻ġ
¶ȥ֮һļ߰Ĺ⾰ûʲôˣһŵ˼о콣ĵ߽ʽҲǻ죬ÿնһҵټĺ԰ϰҲȡһĳɹ
콣ϼأһɹ뽣֮УĴ߶֮£һ޴Ļ¶ҾһʱŬȻû³һԼ׵Ļ໹ܹģվһˣַӾܿ⽹ۣ˱ǣԺտʡ¶˲١
ֹ˼죬ѦС߸Ҵһ绰˵ǿǱ˺ϢλүѾҳƽϵ涾İ취ٹһڣǿܹѹ
˵һϢһǿ˹Ҿܹ֪˭µĶ˭һеӭж⡣
һ뵽ܹȥб㼤ĲУһȥ֮󣬽鷳¶ˣʣµıȥȥҪһ𸴣ҪȻҵ˼ʼջҡڲԷ˯̤ʵ
ѦС߸Ҵ绰ĵڶ죬һʱżæŵĸ˹ҵңһ͸ĻϢ
Ϊӵһ绰绰ڴģҵģҵֻһֱػûдͨȻھҵһ˵ɽѾȡж˵׽ûɽ
һΣɽ˺ܴľģһҪҴȥҶɽõɽײᶯõģǷ˼вɽ顣
еˣɽһЩϼһЩϼһﶼǡģҲʦֵĽɫƽ̻˵ʦʦʦţȵһҵңһĻᶼûС
ɽòܾһˣ߸߸ϼһǶôֲĴڣ˵߸һҶԸˣֻǱ׽ķݶ


1721 Ѱ
ɽƽ̻Ǽˣɱ֮𣬲죬صŹңɽҲԲŹң˲û˵ɽùңֻɳļʦֵԸңȴұеҪѲ࣬ѾһۣҸˣֱĻͦңڣ϶Ҳ֪ڱ̣ⷬƽ˺ɽ飬⻪˾Ͳסˣôһֱɱӵ˹Ҳ֪ʲôӣȻʦʦǸɽҪʰҡ
ϣɽõɱϣΪߣݽ˵ɽһ棬֤Ѿʮˣɽó棬ɶʱ򣬶ûʧֵʱ򣬱Ͼǿɶһӵߣʵֲ
Ǽ˵ֶΣȻЩҵ˵ʦֵܣ¶ɾ鷳ˣǵʵ֮в࣬Ҳ̫Զһ߸ôӲˡ
һɽĴҵʱг˾壬զ죬һɽõǻˡ
һҪżıһˣżЩתǰȥ˵Уطٴˣҵýߣ͵һȫĵطС
ҿһʵ͵ȥ
͵⣬ҾͲɽ˵׷ȥһ
ĸط͹ȥҲͨƵ
ȥ׹ܼҲвҵȹȥһʱ䣬ڲУҵø취Ūĸݣһգ֮뿪ҪȻҲ㡣һϵ
üһֱӽҸŵ׹ȥˣɽ·ԶԶҸԶˡ
ҲʧΪһŰ취һӵ׹Щɽϼһ϶׷ȥˣЩϰӣ֤һУ˵ʲôˣ˵ȥܹȥҲһĨڣɶ
Ҳãҳȥʮµģǿѹ֮ٻصģȥɽ˵ҾͲܸ׷ɱˡ
£ұӦ
Ȼһ˵ҲܴˣҪתƵһεĵطҲʱı
طҵ֪ǽҰһɽƧ֮УȻһСԺһʩȫǼأʮΡ
ܼҿ϶ǲܴˣĲ˵һɽõ߸ϼһҹҪһսʱ۵ܼңԣұҪ뿪
磬һ㽫һ鶼ƿˣȻųʹһȥǼҴԼһٹҵ£ȻҰһʱıѳҴǵ浱ҵʱ䣬ȥ׹ȥ׹֮һ鶼
һһֵܣȫģ޾ϸͷԷֻǰĵžͺˡ
һӣӲôʮ˼ң˵סطһܲ۵ĵطӿȥҲʮֵͨ滹ס˼ңһʮҵķ򸾣ܼҵţȫΡ
һҰ֮󣬱Ҵҵ뿪ˣұ
󲿷ʱ䣬Ҷǹĵ¹棬װ޵ʮֺҪöˣҪʲôҵһרһ䷿ӣҵģܹһжҲõİȫ⡣
ʵΣҾȫϼ죬һֱȵǿΪֹȥʲô׹һͬ⣬Ҫ߲ɣ¼ɽЩ˵С
ˣұסÿ쵽ˣǶԷ򸾱ɿڵķˣұڵУʵʱĳˣҲЩ룬̫ϣûгȥ죬һ̾͹ȥˡ
ˣɹѰ죬֮һ磬һ绰ǶǷ򸾸Ҵģ˵ڿ뿪ˡ
仰ＤĲУǿˡ
ǣŴصţֱȥӣԺӵУȻ䣬⣬оرĴۣԺӵͣһ۳ȻһվڳԱߡ
Ҷһ˲һСС˳ţ˵СŸ磬߰ɣһж׼ˡ
ҳС˹ȥһһʵСһأôûй
үĿ̫Ǳ˸ˣǲҹСŸߣǿЩ뿪ɡСߴٵ


1722 
ӦһͳСǱ˹ȥųӻ׵ʱͻȻоЩ̫Ծʱ˞ųӦҵΧм˫Ŀڶҡ
תͷĹ˵ʱͻȻΪֵһĻ֪ʲôʱСԺΧͻȻͳ˼ϵеվݶϣЩվԺǽϣϢͬһ㣬ʲôʱҶ֪Ҳ̫һЩ
ҸС˵ʱ򣬶ûиоǵĴڣѾʱ䲻ˡ
һ㳡ʱŵһһ飬꣬ɽõǼϵҹˣ
һ̣æһ˳Сϳ
СԣһŲѵı飬˳
һֱûϨ˳֮󣬰ȫûϵϣСһź˳ȥ
Ǻó׼Ҳͼʱ䣬˲ͳԺӡ
ȻӸһԺûжãű㿴һϵ˳ǰ棬ϵҲ֪ˣĵã֪ĻΪǸлӣ뷢ףǵĳӳٵʻȥϵ治ɫȵվ
СЩˣͷҲûصʵСŸ磬ô졭
ȥҴ
Ȼϵ㣬Ǿ̣Ҫôܹ˲תƣҪôܹа취סǵȥ·Ҳ˿ԥЩϵУ׵Ӳˡ
ҲǺ棬ЩӶϼһôҵҵģҶصôˡ
飬СһֱӲȵ˵ףȻֱӳϵͺݺݵײ˹ȥǰһͷţҲײȥ
ۿ⳵ӾҪײϵϣϵûж˼һ̧ţֱӳǵĳӵ˹
˼һĻͷˡ
ȥϵһŵϣӾȻȻֹǰŲ֣ǳꤻڷתţĦ涼ð̡
һŵж󣬲ܽ⳵Ūӡ
Ҿ֮࣬ϵ죬˵ʲôӦ˵Сӣƶӵȥ
ȻҲ֪ϵôģȻӾȻֱӷշһԴУҺС˰֮УҵϣСһƣƳ˳棬ȻҲһٰ˲ƿ˳ţȵ˵ϡ
߽Ÿһأոµı۳ͺݺݵ˵ϣˤһϡá
Ƭ̵Ĺҵ߾Ͷ˼ϵ˷ҸΧм䡣
ǵκܿ죬һ㣬ûˣܹģȻɽõǼλϼһͻȻһһֱȵף¿϶ˡ
߸һ䶨Сӵϳذףҵǰ棬ܵЩϵɨһۣ׺ݵ˵ʲôˣ֪˭ҵĳ𣿡
СܼҵڱŻˣǿ϶û˸ǣЩϵǰһá
Сļ˵СذɣǴɽģרŹץҵġ
СͷһۣһľȣҲ֪Щ˺ܲöԸǺĽذ׸
ǸСӣƽʦֶǲǺͿˣ⼸ϼһ׽һëͷСӻȥǲеɱţأһͷϵߵһϵ˵ţǳ˾⡣
ղŽǵĳɵǸϵٺһЦתͷ˵ʦܣɲҪС⺢ӣ⺢·ɲ򵥣ǸʬҵĴˣ˲Ӧ֪һ˽ĵģСӵĸүĵһֶΣСѾĳɣҪȻô׵ĴصɽǼĵأ
ɶүϵЩŵ˵
ʦ֮ܰǰҲΣ׽ʲô˶֪Сӽүģܴˣϵһ˵
һȻС˵⺢ĵɽҪǶĻ÷죬鷳
ϵȴҡҡͷ˵ģѾüʮ궼ûڽϳˣͲˣĻŵĻкηΪǰµһ֣ʮֽģɱɽˣǽ׽ȥҲ쾭壬˵ƴҲһ֡
ǵ̸ȫ˶ЩϼһﶼΪҸүѾˣʵ˼һĺö˶˵ģֻǲԸڽ¶˶ѡ


1723 Եǽ
ǵ̸Уȫȷһ飬⼸λǴɽϡ
£һ֣ΧǼλɽϵ׷һ񣬿˵ʬݻλɽǰ
Ǽλϵ̸ֹͣŷ׷׿ңǸ˵ϵ˵ͷ˵ӣȻ֪ʲôˣЩϼһͲøˣҲ϶֪ǵ⣬ƶ뱲ӣûôԶţΪ飬ôԶ˱һȦҲǲУҲͲ˵ˣһ˰ɣ
ҵ˵ͷȻ˵λǰòһˣαôżأڱ죬洦䣬Ժһ񡭡
˵ţұȻĳܿһۣȻֵλǰôûأ˻Щ飬˼ͺˣȻûмˡ
֮Խ˳ϣ⼸λɽϼһ棬һߵʱ򣬲ҪСˣܹңʵǲκεĻ롣
˵ˣ΢΢һЦ˵ӣʦ㣬ǻǺüǰ飬Ϊѩ飬ʦȥɽһˣȴ⵽СձʱСӸı˾棬ʦʦֻ⺢ӽǰ;ԺȻɾʹ֮ţڿҲˡ
˵ֵӣҪǿʦЩķݶϣҵҲ˵ô࣬ȥˣ׼һ£һ˰ɣЩϼһ㶯־۸Сˡ
ɫһɫǰҿԣҲҪ˵ɰɣ
һ㶣ǼλⶼЩԶЦ˵Сӣ⺢֮ǰͦõģָҵȴװ˺Ϳɽƽ̵ĶǱɱģҵȥбõ𣿡
˵ɱģλǰ𣿡ֵ
ǼλϵɫЩ̫ÿˣֵǲɱģ㶼ҪǻɽһˣɱҲãɱҲãҪҷģɽÿ϶ԭίģҪ鲻ģǷǡ
ҿ˵ɽÿֲĺܣн޳ȥųûô˰ɣҳ
ʱһϵվ˳һ˵ҵҲǿʦָЩķݶϲŸСӳô࣬СӣȥȥɲˣҲߣҲøߣ
λǰǴҪ۸һඣȻĻûл˵иëܶԷʲôͷҿ϶־ܵģҪңȰҴſ²У˵䣬ҵһԾȻʱâתâʢǼϵɵǰһ
ý
⽣һó˱Ե̾һ
Ƭ֮󣬵һϵվ˵˵λʦֵܣҪ˵ǼһأȷʵЩ۸СˣҳһСӱȻ£ҪȻҿСӿ϶̫
˻һڣļλϵ׷׵ͷʱվ˳һСһĵҲðʮˡ
ǵʦܣǼоСͳСȻȻҪǡ
Ǹ˵˵ͷܿվ˳Ǽλ˵ðɣǾʦҸ⺢У궼ûи˶ˣһֻǸСޣ˼
˵ţ˱վҵǰ΢΢һЦ˵ӣְɣʲôʹıǣƶǡ
׵ûнҸҿ϶Сҡ
£Һ˼һ˵еķӡǿٵͷ˳ڽ֮У֪ҿ϶ӲЩϵģҲܶһ¶ûУͱ˴ⲻҵķ
ǲͬص飬Ϊ˿Եǽ
ҽٵͷųϱ˺ɫɷȻΧƯâһǺɫһɫеĽܵǿĸȾ֮£أԹâǿʢεķת
˿̣ҵ۾Ҳɫһһ̣Ķħ
ģΧǼλסһ֮һ̣ұ߸߾˽꣬һ


1724 
֪ЩɽĶΪһϵǾûдѵĿܣǼЩϵǰҲܶһΪ˵ϣƴҲҪһ£չֳԼΪǿһǱܹͨʵ֤Լ֤Լһ׸ǱǸ׽ˣҲҪұء
ȣұҪԼеĽ˵
һұԼΪǿֶΣɱӡǿͬʱͷ˳ұΪǿ״̬չʾΪǿһ
Ҹ̵ⷬʱΧǼɽϵ϶ֳȻ֮ɫ
ǾȵǣΪʲôһ˲Ĺͱֳħ״̬Ǹܵһ˿в
Ϊһȫͷų֮ҵΪ˲ǿеҲűĿǰǿ
Щϵ֮лعѾеĽ߸ߵľűʩչ콣֮յΪǿƾָʱΪ֮һһǰʱ򣬸о涼΢΢𶯡
һεķһ֮һǿӽ֮籡˵棬ɷ֮Ҳǣһɫľϯŵ棬滮һӣ˺ݺݵײ˹ȥ
˵۾һ˲͵ɵԲæһ´߰ɫֱһӣ߰ɫķƮȻǰ߰˸̫ͼǰɢһɫĹâ
ɫĳֱײŪ̫ͼ棬ܿ㽫һ̫ͼ߽ˣһֱһ̫ͼʱƾʽѾˣˣҲǰһӡ
Сӣվ˽Ÿɵÿʼ
£ҽŲͣٴὣϣֻһΣʩչ콣ߵһ㽣ǵ߽ʽ졣
ûмǿħʱѾԻһգǲܽ䷢ӳʮǿ
Ǵ˿̣ħҵбǣһΣӦÿԽʩչ
еĽ죬ϵϢ͵һգȫע뵽˽֮Уһ̣ŷһʮȵϢ˲䱻һɫĻ
죡
ҴһһΣ֮ϷһƵ֮ӽ֮һԼɵɫһΧĿûȼˣյž죬ǻӽ֮г֮Ȼͱצľͳϯȥһײ˵ϣַӾܹճ
˿һĻ۾أԵɵԲһæ˫ֳ𣬿дȵǬ跨
˸ոھ֮϶ʱһ޴ĵƤƽض𣬵ǰ
ǵֱײ˹ȥǵײķѣǵڵ϶ȼˣĽ˶ȥ
СģܱߵǼϵͬʱһ֮ȣ˱ǰеĳৡһ˳㽫ǳָοٵߣǳ֮һŽɫɽʦǳ֮϶ʱһŽɫĹâڽ֮۳һǻǣɫľŲԶһʯײ˹ȥɫľͬʱǿʯ֮ϣһ޴ĺ죬ǿʯͷײķѣͬʱǿʯʯȼˣðŻɢɣŵǷ׷׶ܡ
Ҳû뵽ʽȻ˰Ե
£һ֣ʾ˺˶еĳ˵ӣƶ㼸Уе콣ж
Ҹ˵ѻֱὣϣڱ˵ͬʱѾٴ۳콣ĽУһл㾦籡˵ؿڶȥ
еĳһһһ֮䣬ֱӽǵɫĹ˳ȥһ̣˱ҵǰٵĳ߿˼⼸ƽƽ棬ȷǰɱУҿľսֻܴ߶ٰ˲ٵĶ
ƴȻʲô֮٣˶ƴʮ֮Ҹʲôô̲ܵǿѹƣڻӽͬʱһֱֻУһƳؿ˹ȥҲһƣҵƶԺһ¡
žһ죬һըװ춯֮ԶСƶƴƷ˺üͷ


1725 ǿ֮ĩ
ܵǼɽϵҲһƶƴ˸ƮɣǱϾΪĴãȵվûж
˵ΪղǸȣΪָһҪȻҲ޷ƾͻĽУҽָһ䲻⣬ǸԺһơ
һȥǻƺʹƵֶΣͬʱϻŶתǬƣ֪
˳ҴöתǬƸתƵ˵֮ϣ֮϶ʱҲȳ˼֩һ۵Ѻ۳ӿȥҵ˫Ҳ˵֮С
ƺʹƵȴʵʵ˵ϣƿԽҵΪ̺⣬˫£ʲô˶ܳܵ˵ġ
ؼǣ˸ҶԺһƵʱҲûʹȫһƴˣֱӱҪҵ޷ȥˡ
һһƴȥ֮󣬵˵϶ʱ˼ϸСĵɫʱȻ㷢һƺߣɵ岽ǻһѪߡ
Ĳ˵˸ҶƴһˣʵֻСҵı£Ҳ֪һ̺֮ô಻Ϊ֪طС
һеó֮ҽŲȴɲͣѾƴ˺ϴ辭Ҵ߶Ȼֱ㳯ץ˹ȥ
ˣʱЩŭȻ䳯һ׳˺üֽһֽٶȺܿ죬ķҴ˹
ɽʦÿһʮЩֽʲô
Щֽҷ˹æеĽȥֵǻֽʱҲ֪ǻֽĿֲ֮ǻֽȻǴ˵еķԷ籼ףһý굲ס֮󣬾ȻըѿγɵΪңҵ˫ַ飬еĽըֶ
ǣҲ˼շȥֵշֵܵסһ
˽ʱҵ˺ϴ辭ֶѾһĳ̶ȣߵķͣЪ֮ҽٰ˲˵ߣһϿȥ
ܴʱˣʮǿ־һҵĽײһһֻճ˻צֱӳҵؿץ˹
ֻּֿٰ˲Ļܹ㿪ģҲûȥ㿪ȥץס˵ĸ첲
ץסҵؿڣץסĸ첲Ȼ˵һֶֻŽֻƴ˼Ȼûм֮˱оЩ̫ͷˣΪҵ˺ϴ辭ϵ
ղ֮ûж㿪ΪĿģֻҪҸл˺ϴ辭˵ȡ
Ҳȡ˵ʱʵǱƵûа취ˡ
Ҳ뱻Ǵߣֻƴ
˶ߵ˶еĽͬʱҲеĽ˳ȥȫסϸҪѨҪֹ˺ϴ辭ɡ
һ̣Һ˻ץţվһγһֵֽ״̬˺ϴ辭Ϊĳ˹ȥ
ΪƾһΪֵܹס˺ϴ辭֮ǾʹشˣȣɷӡǿûȫʩչԴѦҵλүӸϴ跥֮һֱûнȫޱķӳһΣĺԡ
ĺǺп߻ħġ
ǿϵıͷ˳˺ϴ辭ҲһǿĹ̡
һʼ˻ƾΪֵסһ˺ϴ辭֮ǹƬ֮ҿ˵ɫˣǺ죬ϵѪܶɼȻǿ֮ĩ
һ˳Ųסϵٵı˺ϴ辭ɡ
Χվŵɽõļλϵһֱžӷ緶֮ƴǵ˭Ҳܹĳ˱ҸסˣϾҪŲס»֮ǡ
Ϊ˺ϴ辭ѾǷԲʮ֮ڵĻĲľȫɵĸɸɾ˷ɻңһڲϵĳӶȥ
ʦ֣ǼϵʱЩˣ㳯߿˹
Ҫ⺢ϵ̫аˡǹҲѲЩѵ˵
⡭ѵǴ˵е˺ϴ辭һϵֵ˵


1726 һ
ˡ˺ϴ辭ʮǰƶùֲܹ˵ΪΪãܽɵĻҷ𡭡һһϣֹСӣʦֿСûˡʱһϵһֵˣЩϵŷӦ˹Ҳ˲ʲôӷ緶ֱӳһϣȺ֮
һϵóһɫɽʦ˦˹ֻ˺ϴ辭еһ̶ȣȻһʣҲЩҴ㷨ͷǷոջһɫĻ򣬳ҹʱ򣬸һ뵽˺ϴ辭ɵķΧ֮ڣʱ㱻ɵˣɫĻʱϨȻһѷɻңʧΡ
Щ˵ķһ뵽˺ϴ辭ķΧ֮ҲһĪ˳ȥ
ǰɫǺ죬ѪƺҪѿץס˺ϴ辭֮Ƶģ޷ֺѾо֮ڼԼйǻ˿˿Ƶͨҵ˫֣עҵڣͨ澭ҵĵ۶ȥǿͷųǿʢЩ޷Կأǹɱ¾ȻΧЩϵΧ⹦ǲܵˣ±һϵ˹ҵʱлһɫķһ¾ҵĺϣͬʱϵҲҵĺ󱳸סʱ޷ˡ
һɫķʮõģӦɷ˿Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭һֵĹΪԩ˵ɷɫɷһҵϣҶʱϵЩɷ͵ȥոҶߵЩӵԩźҲʧˡ
һ˺ϴ辭Ҳܵ˼Ӱ졣
㣬ΧЩϵӶĳұ˹ÿҹһ϶ЩֶΣҪôҪôҵҪѨ֮ϴһ£ֱĸϵһҵϵʱҾ;ԴһΣЩת˺ϴ辭Ȼֹϵʱ糱ˮһȥȻҾʲô֪ˣֱһͷ˵ϡ
ٴѹʱ򣬷СԺĴſڣҵ߸ϵ
߸ϵΧһԲȦڵͷҡ
СӣղŷôƶһСЩŭ˵
ûˣǻӣͻȻܺ棬ЩϵղŽҸסˣΪʲôûнҸأ
һ뵽Ŵ߶һͻȻһ£ֵ֮пտҲȻʲôҲʩչˣѵֱӽҵΪ˲ɣ
ƺǿҵɻһϵģֻʱΪѹסˣû뵽һĺϾȻ˴ֲֲܹ׷ɱȷԭġ
Ҳŷԭûзϵңûдǵ˼
Сӣղõһǲ˺ϴ辭ƶʱүùõʱûôаţֻΪȴСӾЩаˡһϵ˵
һǼϵ˵Ҳ֪˵ɶˣһ֮Ϊǰ۸һҲգˣǴñǡ
һ˵ΧǼϵһ죬Щ˼˵ӣҵҪֶԸ㣬ֻʩչһ̫ԵƶЩʦֵܲĻƶûҲʱ߻ħΣգп̫޷ԿأµﱬѶ
⻰˵ĵǲ٣ȷֿܣӼ߸ϼһĵһҾûܹѡ
Ϊҿ϶Ѳá
ȻֻվϵĳûҪǵ˼
ʱ򣬵һǰһΣ˵СӣǸ
õĶҵǬ˱ңһҵĶϣҶʱЩˣֱȥϵһӣһɾұ˺ü˵ϡ
Ҵ˿ΪǸסˣͨûʲôʲô¶޷ʩչ
ɽ۸һСҲˣҪҵĶұһңҼ
СӣⶫԻ㣬ҪȻһƶ˵ɽһټʮǰʧɽ֮ʬϡ


1727 Ŀ
˿̣ҵгƻƣ߸ϵָ۸˲˵ǻϷ⣬ǰʬү͸үϵʱɽ˶ȥҪСˣǾͿɾ۸۸ѼˣǾû˲ɣ
ʬȷϣҾԲܸǣҪȻôܹԵҵڣ£ұʬȷϣүģǼҵıҲⷨǰ˭ģϣǾҵġ
㵱治㻹ۿҡ
ҵģƾʲôǣҵؾ
Ǭ˱ҼǵϣҲ򲻿ΪǬ˱ҴҪķͿھǣģⷨͿھֻҵ֪
ҾܾȻǲˣһǬ˱ңȻҵǺãȻ㲻˭ҲõƶͽǬ˱ҸˣҵҪ㻹ǲ
˵ţжһɫ˫ָ֮䣬ɫ֮϶ʱȼһŻҪǬ˱ȥ
֪ŻңǬ˱ˣʬҲòҲҸǶģΪǬ˱治ʬзʬߡéɽ塢ʦֵȵȡߣǬ˱ҲһһˣҸû취ڽ
ЩϵһƼˣʲô鶼ĳȻЩŭˣ˵һ֮£ĽҵǬ˱Ҹˡ
ԥƬ̣Ȼһȣһǣⶫҳ绹ǻҪġ
˽Ǭ˱һң˼£ܹͷųЩЦðȥɽܹųƶҪǡ
£ܲͷҲֻô߶Ǭ˱ңʬ˳ⷨһó㱻һѶᵽУȻٵϵ˼£·סҵĵ޷ʩչ
ʬһ䵽˵Уļϵ׷״˹ʬ˽ӵԼУ˵ʬһټʮǰɽɽ֮׷꽣£ɣⱦֻصɽչԭˡ
ЩϵһĲУҴ˿̿ǵȴĿһȺαӣڶҲֻӲȥ˭ۼأ
ǵүҸүһı£Ҳڱ۸ӡ
ǲ֪ҸүţҲܽҸүó˵¶ΪҸүһֱӵ״̬ٹʽǷǷǣ֪ŵ顣
ڣҲ֪׸ôźˣѾǵУɽãȴҵĽʲôأ
ӿǸ˵Ǳɽõˣûܹų
Ǽϵ׷׽ʬϸһȻŸ˵ӣ߰ɣʲôȥһɽǰ˵ˣ鲻ģɽҲ㣬ƽ˻ᵱǸҲҪʲôȻɽó㣬ǲӵġ
ʱͻȻһ飬ĺܺ棬Ѿصôʵˣҵҵأ
΢΢һЦ˵ɽǧ꣬ȻķţֻҪҵˣûҲģֻ취˵Ҳ
һ㶣Ȼʬ꣬ɽôͣôȥأ
飬ͻȻ뵽ִ˱ܽ׶Σص𽭺ϵĿֻţûн鹫ҪǸɽ˵飬»ǳҲֻñտڲԡ
ǻ׽ҲûͺΣֻһһˣλɽϼһǰ˿̵ҵȷǷʲô˻
ãɽ⼸λϵҲû̫Ϊң˽ҵΪ֮⣬û϶ֶΣֻǴ뿪
Ҫ뿪ʱĹһۣҵǸС֪ʲôʱѾԺſڵλãɵһ㶣ǲὫ˶ɱ˰ɣ
˻ͷһۣɫҷģɽڣֲһصԲɱ޹ģǸֻȥ˶ѣСʱԼԺǶԷ򸾣Ҳһ㣬߰ɣǱ˷ʱˡ
˵ҲŷǼλϵ뿪


1728 ǰö
⼸ϵƸղǰŸղ߳ϵȥǶԷ򸾸˹ȥֹǸһͨ籨ţС֮ԱǴΣҲΪԭ
ǼϵҴ˴ӣȻߵһ·ߣ·ͣһɫĺ񳵣ļʻϻһˣɴˣұ㵽ɽ϶ڱҲ˽ӦҲпǵĶĿϾɽǧĴɣǱҲ˵ɽĵˡ
һвõĶʮȫһ׽ֱ֮Ӵ뱦һΣǲѷˡ
˳֮ұ˳ӵĺţһһϵҺܽԵЩء
ϳӱٵʻ˳ȥҳų￴һֳۣסˣҸ龰Ҳ
ЩϵҲǹСĵġ
ڳϣ겻ѣ΢΢۾ٶ˵һ仰
Դ֮һֱ·ϣ˱֮󣬻޷ɽ׷ɱһҰ͵׹⼸׼ʱ֮ڣҾͱǸҵˡ
ӲʼӲо͸һ١
һʼ˭û˵ʻ˰СʱҲ֪ʲôطϵļϵֿʼʬ顣
ֻ֪ʬҼүһ
ȻҲЩģǵĿУұ֪һټʮǰɽĵλͣһΪţʱɽƽ͵͵¶ʱɽƽ̶·֮󣬴ǳе㽫ʬɽ͵ܵ˺Զĵطɽͷɹƭһӣ󻹸һ˹ˡ
үг𣬺ѸˣˣȻֲ֪ôţһһİ֣ҪԸүǱүˣʬүС
ʬǺ۵ģҲ֪˵ǲġ
үү˵ʬһټʮǰȷɽı١
ô궼ȥˣɽʱȥȥҪҲûȥүҪһټʮȴҪһСȷЩ̫ˡ
Ǽλϵｫʬ˻ȥȻ󻹽Ҹ׽ˣ鲻һ·˵Ц
㣬ʻ˴ԼһСʱ֮ͻȻһɲͣ˰·ϡ
ǼλϵһΣ˱ôͣˣ
ʦ桭ǰǰкöˡǿСһֵ˵
üͷһܿ˳ţȻϵҴӳѺ˳֮󣬳ܿһۣʱʻһƫƧɽϣ߶Ǵɽʹ֣ڵ·ǰͣһȺˣѹѹһƬ̧ͷһվǰĲǱˣĺ
ĺԱվżÿڵȻǺѹѹһƬˣֱӽǽȥ·һˮйͨ
߸ϵ³֮Ѻҳǰ˳ǰ·ÿɽó£·߸ɱۣ
Ŀ⾶ֱӹǼϵǿҵүģڣЩţϵ϶ܽߣү֪ͨģү˱㵽
Ҳ֪ģĿǰطӦĵ̺ܽ
Щϵ֪ܲһҪ͵׹飬СղŹңҪ뿪ģϽСǶԷ򸾴˹ȥҸҲƴ˺ܳʱ䣬ټһ·˽Сʱһôʱ䣬ûнСҽӹ֪϶ǳ飬һʱϲԱ֪ͨص˰·ϡ
ĺЩʵɽȣǲ˺ܶ࣬һ֣Щ˹Ҫ˲ء
ߣǰո˺ɽİ㣬ûĹ⾰Ƹָ
뵽ұǰһ˵˻ȥɣǲǵĶ֣ͽװ׶
֪Ȱ˵ܣүϷүȵģѣľƴҲǽߣ
ҸҪ˵Щʲô˽ű˵ɽó£·һɸɱۣƶ˵һ飬ʶĸϽ


1729 ·
ɽϴɽϣɽΪȫ֪Ϊ֮ϵģٻһˣĸֿ϶У۾Ͳ֪ˡ
֮ɽϱĲ˵һĻʵʮǿģǰЩˣòżӣܵһƬһʵڲʲô֮١
˵֮ǰҺһʲôĵĻǺпܣһΣǽ˺ɽо˳ʵʵĶĴм׵Ĺ˳ǣ˵Ҫƴסϣܹĳ
˵вһĭŭϷŲʲôɽûǹõˣ֮ǽ˸ˣԻóһ·ȻĺȫûҲҪȵڴ˴
߸ϵ֮Уʱվ˳˹ȥֻһ˸ҡ
ھʮ׵ĵطϵͣ
˵ƶѾǻˣȻƶȫǡ
˻һڣĺЩ˷׷׽з˳ǰһȺÿﶼǹҲǹڶ׼ϣǹ˨컩Щǡ
˶Ҳôη߸ϵǰӭһһ֣еĽ˳ôһԣҲʲôطݵҰ
Ǿ¡˻δ䣬еĽһһ㳯ݺ˦˹ȥҲзæеĽȥֵǵ
ͬʱЩҲǹ顱ӵڶϴ˹
ϵʵ治ǴģЩ¶֮ǰǼ˶ʱóسɴֶΣֱӱܿЩӵܿɱĺȺ֮Уҿıһľ档
ıЩǹˣڻģΪʹ޵ıʹִˣԣǱؽΪпĶԴҿһϵȥеĳһЩǹеǹе㱻ɢȻ󻹼۶ָͷһͬա
һֵ˲䣬Щ˱㵹һƬкüʮ
һֵѹ£̫ˡ
ȻߵǣҲֻܸżĿţҪߵϵһץסҵļǸǯһ޷ֺ
ʵҶҲ𲻵κãΪȫǸѹסˣȥܸʲôأ
һ֮󣬵վȣ˵αѾߣżֳӿ˹ȥæҵĽ˼ЩС
ʵΪû˵£ʵӦ֮ϣܹ֮ΪϹ̵Эڡ϶˵Ķ֡
һ֣Ǳ߱ҳһţϸȥʱ⼸λɽϵģûҪȡԷ˼󲿷ֶٵɥʧս˻ߴС
Ҳɻ䣬̫ɱһ̫Ҳȫ
ҿ״Ļ𼱻ǵʱһֱץסҼλϵƺоʲôһһ½ҸȻգۼĹתƵʮ֮ĵط
վȽŸ֮󣬷ֽϵ󣬾ȻһֵĶֱϵ׷˹
һⶫʱ򣬶ʱ˳ⲻһϵǸǧ
ղųǼϵĺƴʱǧϢĳ֣Ҫ͵Ϯߵλϵϵ˾˲תƿˡ
ϵǧƳֵʱ򣬶ʱһЩŵ˵Ƴ棡
Թ߶̸ɫ䣬οһǧһͲǷƷϵŲŹ֡
Ƭ̵Ĺϵһӯȫĵ֮䣬Ҳоһ֮Уǧƽϵɫķǧ˹ȥ
ǧƿȥʮηϵķһα㿪ȥٵΧϵתȦ޷ͻϵķ˳ȥ
ǧһ֣֤һѾˡ
ʱ䣬֮ͻȻ˼ƿ죬Ȼ߰˸Ѫӳߵϵ˹
ɽİҲɱ˹
һĻͻȻһ˿ϣ·һпܱǸȳȥǵٶһҪ졣


1730 ɱ
߰˸ѪӴӲͬķߵϵ˹ǧŻϵֳһ˿֮ɫھ֮࣬ϵϵıԼٶȣЩѪһһ˳ȥ
ȻЩѪ಻ĳߵϵ
ЩѪʮ׼ͷվϵߣҲûһѪӻ˵ҷֺ
Ҿ;վоһûɵԺС
Сүһ·ӻɽЩϵУȻʱ˿̣ȫ˽ҪЩϵнҸȥ
Եǲģû䵽ֹԮľأ˿ɽϣҪҴȥҲǰ׵顣
ЩѪӳߵϵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һɱ˹ҿķ˱һһɢİɫǽһƿ죬ϵ˹ȥ
ϵɫһôѪӵΧ֮£˿һ֣϶Щмܲ
Ǻϵһ֣ٴץסҵļسɴֶΣתۼתƵ˼ʮ׿ĵطѪӶʱգȻǰɫĹǽȴӰΣ׷ߵͬʱһؿںܿ측ֳԴȻԴֱӴһؿԾȻڵϣٵĳ߱ܶڲϱܵ;Уֻһ䣬ֱӻûǸһµľŮҴĻǹװɷǺÿǰһ
ߵϵһֻ֮ȴǾĪһȻûˡ
һϹһеĳһʱâתϵʹ˹λϹֱĿıҪϵнߡ
ȻͻȻַ벻ı仯ûλϹ̽ҵӺͻȻɱλϵֱӵסλϹ̵ȥ·ܿһš
ϵΣգЩмܲסҲ׷׷˸ĺЩ˵Ĳ߿ٵĿ£˹
һʱޱȣҸû뵽ǣط۵ԽԽ࣬ĺɽ˵ҲԽԽ࣬ǺܿĵطһˮйͨƺƵˣɽϸΧһСȦ
Ĺ߸ϵֱγһΧȦҸɵһСȦԴֿ˵Χ
һʱγ˽ֵľ棬߸ϵ϶ǲ뿪һȻҲǽҴߡ
ڶݵĶཻ̱֮˫ʱ֣һͦźɫǹǽָǼλϵ˵СŸˣҪǲţǵȫҲ˭ҪСŸߣҲУڳ˽춼
߸ϵ϶Ҳû뵽ڱô׷תͷĹˣ˷ǰңǺѹѹͷ·վЩ˻ֱվɽϣҡźüһĸƵģò֡
ң˺ԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪һǶ˶ֹ
һĺнʮ֮ڣټ˺ɽᣬ˾ͺȥˡ
ôط˿϶ȫֻǾͽļÿڵ˹ҲͲˡ
棬ҿ߸ϵճ
߸ϵϷ׷¶˾֮ɫһ֮˱ٴվ˳һɱɽƽ֮ӣҵɽó˵ģ˴ǰȥǲ֤࣬ʵ˲ɱɽĵӣ϶ǿͲҪɽĺΣǿ϶Ҫߵġ
㶼˵ˣСŸɱɽƽ̵Ķӣɽ϶ǰ϶飬ȥ϶ȥ޻أҪԣЩ˵ʬ̤ȥҪȻŶûСһõ˵
ô˵ǷǱɱඣһ䣬Щݵ˵
붯֣ǵĵϣɽɣһŭ
Ǻãƶɱ㣡˻δ䣬һ㳯һ˹ļλϵҲɱģθɢеĳ֮䣬ȻһʮǿĽȻ䳯ܳɱ˷˲ҽ֮
ǽ͵ľһ磬֮˿ɵ˱ڵء
һҲǷ˺ģϹ̺ǧֱǼϵٴλս
˽һ˵ĸǴѪ֮бһĸ飬˵ٶ࣬϶ġ


1731 ȥֹ
Ŀǰ˵ܹģҲֻǹսκһæﲻϣ߶ãǾֵֻ¼£һҰܹܲ
ɽ߸ֱϵΪһʮֲпġ
һʼЩϵ飬ɱ޾ѹѹȺֿɾûˣʮѪ֫ϱۺѪҵһĻҵĻҲѪ
ΪһˣȴҪôֵ
Ҿòֵá
ͬǵģΪ˾ҳƾʲôҪΪҶĴ󲿷ˣҸͲʶ֮ǰһ档
ȴΪѪɥڴˡ
սոտʼӣұĺ˶ס֣ҪˣǸûҵ̫ˣɱҽطɶ죬ǵӵĺֱӽҵû߸ϵɵսȦһ£һɢһ޴Ľɥڴˣ̶̵ļӵʱ䣬Χ㵹ϰˣЩϵȫմȾѪӵľĶħѪ̡
ҲܹѪ䣬罦ԼϵĸоֿƯ˿˿Ѫζ񫣬˱ӵĲѪ
żϵĽǼϵҪ͵ϮǣֻϧڵΪȫסˣһö𲻵ոյǵߣͷûһ£ֻһ˦ӣһܹƷüͷ
УΪͻһϹ̣λϹżĵУһһϵ·磬о仰˵ĺãħһߣһɣλµıЩŵĸ֣Ϊµŵߴ඼׽ԣλϹ̼ٴͣЩɽΪһֵУҲǷ̫˻ܵƣΪֲǣЩɽĵʿǷɣɽʦ£һɳλϹҲӦӲϾ
Уһ˻ûкõסˣĻ϶λϵ棬ʵλϵµҲࡣ
һ˺ܶ࣬Ǵ󲿷ָɱȥȦӵУһһļҲǹͷģޱȡ
鷢չһѾʼˣһʼ͸ֹһÿһЩϵҴߣӦôΪɥ
ս˲ʮӵĹ⾰ѾжɥڴˣЩϵҲвˣչȥһܹҾҲҪϺüˡ
̫ˡ
һƺҲһ㣬Ȼ䣬ҿͻȻ˳սȦɽİ춥ȥ֪Ҫʲô
Һ֪ܿͼһ˳ȥ֮еǹǽ߸߾ָ񷣬ǹǽڣʱеڽ֮Ϲ
һ̣ҿһ׹ͻȻһٵһ֮С
ǵ׹϶ǧˡ
ǵ׹һһ֮УһǿǹǽĽ籡ֱһ̣һ߶˹ϺʥɽҰ֮صϢ
ʦϣףԽ֮
˲Ϊ֮ɫԭǰʱ֣Ѫһ̣ĺϣݡʼͷϲͣĺ
һĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ʲôʱһԲλϹ̵ĵУԱԽˣ
ѵǧƵԵʣǧѪկ֮󣬵дҲܹӰ쵽һ
ˣ϶ˣҪȻһԲܽ׸
һ޴ĺ֮һצڵĲ֮ϻ
һ״ʱǼϵʱоͷԣһһĽ׽Ǳ⼸ϵɥ֮ʱףƺǷֵܹġ
ЩϵһϵΪһһҲҪ
ĳ֣𣬴껩ưһ
ãСҪ׸ˣȥֹ
˿һʱͻЩϵҲɫ䣬һеĳһ߳ɱ˹
һ˿϶Ҳ֪Ϊؼʱ̣϶ЩϵɱԣϹ̻죬ƴֵסЩϵǰŲһ
¡¡
һΪ޴ͷը죬Ȼһ羶ֱ


1732 
һһȣеǹǽڣķڽΧƣű޶˵Ŀֲ̺һޱȿ
һ;ֱֱеǹǽ
ԭȣǵսһʱ򣬺ǧһѹҿһȻ˫ֱסǹǽ
׳۵һĻĿ֮·ˣһĿ磬Ӳ֮£һеǹǽһ𣬽յһƬͨ
һһԼԽףЩ̫ϰߣһϣûȥƺզ಻ѡ
Ǽϵ챻һ̸ŷˡ
һ̣ҿǼϵʹһ΢Ȼץסҵļ򣬿Ҫһʹسɴֶͬʱ뿪
ȻûǶͻȻ䣬Ϲ̸һһ˽ȵѪ
ʱ䣬Щ߸ϵɱĸ·Ѫͬʱ˳һѪϣ߸ϵǰ棬߸ϵͬʱεض𣬻ңȴѪֱ赲Щֻصԭλá
λϹ̿϶׼߸ϵҲӲʱŵĲС
ʱһλϹ̼ѵ˵һǿŲסˡ
һɫͨ죬еǹǽһ޴ͬʱһһۿǵױҪЩϵҵķȻ䣬ұ߶һˣһ̣һذֱ˳͵һ¾Ͳҵؿλã۵ҷһƺߣ亹
Ͽֹͣ״ҪȻƶͽɱˣ
ղͱһˣҲŻˣ˭ҲӲȥֻҵҪЮ
ǹΪɽʦ¸صϵ
ˣҶǾú
ǵΣԼʱЩϵҲ͹˲ʲôˣֻҪܻǲŲôࡣ
һĲҵؿڣϵֻǼ׼ͷģ˵ͦأʵû˼ҵҪ
һ̣ǰذֱ˸һѳ˳ȻҵؿһѪߡ
˵ذױתƵҵĲϣڲϻһӡ
ҵؿڶʱѪע̧ͷȥʱ򣬷˵ӶˣϵȫյߣһŵĿһҵƣһ׸Ҳҽһ׸
һұϵһѪעϵı֮ԱӺĺҪѪ

һ˻һɽֺХصѣȻһױ㱻ݺݵ˳ȥ
ҿǰɫҫ۵绮ҹգֱ߶ЩϵŵȫһԴǵױǵͷϷ˹ȥֱСɽȥ
¡¡һ죬СɽɽʯѣĹĴɡ
һȥ֮һһ֣ԼеǹǽݺݵĲ˵ϣһ˵ϣһſڣһѪ˳
һվҵעǿؿϺݺһ֮¡
һǵһϵ˶Ҫҵᡣ
һң˶ԣһױ˱𴦣״㱻ǿֹˣһ˱óһʱ䣬ǿֹǿǻѪңͬʱγɺܴķ֮һһ϶ˡ
ؿѪǿһΪȴʹ
ֵ֮ƺѾˣԼеŬûнҾ˱һһ޷ܵģҾҲܽܡ
һѪ֮ҡҡλΣЩڵأȻߵ˱˹ȥһײײĳ˹
״һͣ˱ܣЪֹһжָƽǴûзʲôһ
ǿŨŨѪζ˿˿ġ
λϹҲ֣ͣӱ˵нһ˹ղŻǼϵߵѪҲʧ
ġģǻڲѪһλϹ̼ҵĶ棬ң죬Щʵ˵СŸ硭Բһܣûн
һֵܣѾˣɣԹ˭Ͻ˻ȥɡúˣҪٹҡ˵ͬʱҾԼԴЩΣӱ»ȥ


1733 û
ʧѪ̫Եʣ˵ŻұЩԴεġ
ΪûбסĻһܹһΪסϵļѨѪô죬һһͨˣֿ̫࣬˵˵űȥ
ʱһҵӣȻٵҺϴ˼£žûһ飬Ҳࡣ
СŸ硭һˣæǰȴ༸λˡ
ҪҶƣ˽ذٴεҵĺϣв
һҶֻǺ۾Ǽλɽϵһһ٣ҧгݵ˵ɽˣǸˣ죬ǿԴСŸ磬ǵиʲộһģ㾡ҲٻȥҲҪɱɽɽǧҵ
Ѫ۾Ǽϵɫⶼһܿ죬վ˵õģĻƶˣƶҲǷƽ֮ˣ֮󣬲ŻжۣɽԲ鲻ģԻɽлһнԻãɽԴûʧֵʱһο϶Ҳᡣ
˵գһֵ֣ߣ
Ǽλϵ㽫ѺţŸղŵ˹ȥܻΧһȺɵˣﲻ뿪ҪһԸǿ϶·ģǵߵһѾһϡãǸɽ˲ӰѾҵʬ˰ɡ
Ǽϵɱôˣֻ⿪ļһǸӣĺɽЩĻ˵ô࣬϶ȫҪк
ǼϵɫÿǱ۷˻ȥѺҳһȥһȥȺ׷ɢóһ
֮߳Ǽϵ㶯سɴֶΣҾ;һƮ˾Ѿ߳˺ԶתͷȥʱҲһˡ
ҿȼһ֮ȥҼǰߡ
뿪һЩˣҿǶԳһЩϵסһͷϵ亹
һʼ֮ûֹ֣Ǿڶ෽ΧƺƵǧ˵в֮£Щɽϵ֪ѶˣֱӽҸˣȻû뵽ǣЩϵһȺӲͷԸԷƴƣҲϽҸˡ
˵ҲǣɽǧţɽøǧʧֹһΣڽʲôҪһΣɽһʧ֣澡ʧԺڽҲֱ
ԣΪ˽Ҵȥν伫ҵвһÿһ·
˿̣ؿڵѾôѪˣʹϵһȥλãܿϵҪֻ˺ܶѪҵʱ첻ʲôв
һӲˣ֪һЩɽϵɽһֺ
Сɡ
ȻѦѾϢ˵Ǹǿѹһǿܻ䣬¾ҵȲǿһ죬㱻ɽƽ̸Ūˡ
ɽƽ̿϶Ǻ͸ң϶ɱӵǸˡ
ǼϵѺţһ·˺ܶ࣬вʱֿһǳͣ˼ϵǰ˷׷ϳһΣϳֱ֮Һ׵Ĳλһ£ұʧȥ֪˯˹ȥ
ûңǶһ֣һǶԵʱûκη֣˲Ѽˡ
ٴʱ򣬷ѾһҴĴ֮ڣϵĻһıȻ˿Ǳˣҵȴûһ˿ƣĲС
Ҳ֪ǶҵʲôֶΣֻһȻٴλ˯˹ȥ
˯ȥʱ䶼ɽõκһˡ
ϣɽڱҲһƾðĳƯڴϵĴֻɽṩģǼƻȫһжŵʮ׵
һѹʱѾںƯˣһܴ
߸ϵһĿΣʼնûйһν̸룬϶ǰɽ·ϣӱıʡȻʡҵĹԵʡӥ̶һӥ̶ɽĵؽ磬ұᱻɽѺɽõȺá
ʱѾܹӳ߸ϵвκϣˡ
ԣ֮ҲһԲ㶵ĿŴķ羰


1734 Ҫ
һ·ʻ˲֪ãͻȻͣ˾λʦ棬Ѿɽ£³ˡ
ʱǼλϵ۾׷״ӳ˲һѽҴӳ
³֮󣬱㿴ԶмΡĸɽɽ֣ΰ׳ۣɽ£ҵһطҲɽ𺳣һڣǽϵĶš
߰ɡ˴ߴһ˱㳯ɽķȥ
һߣһ߳ܿţ˼ǳء
ţͻȻ䣬һһץסҵļϵҲȫͣ
ͬʱ䣬Ҹоһޱȵϵƴǰ˹ɫһ㳯ǰȥ
ܿ죬ұ㿴һϤıӰһߣһɫĳϱһѱɫͷɢڼͷȻһһȴһɽ˵ǰ
ӰҲͶ
ǰˣɽڴˣ·һƸɱۣһ֮󣬺ܿǰ˵
վǰǸˣתߣܿұ㿴Ǹ˵ĿǱˣҼҸүġ
û뵽龹Ȼᾪ˸ү˼ִ¡
Щ޷Գֵң죬ͻȻ˵ߡү
һҺǼ֣ǼϵͬʱһȻĸһ
һʼǿ϶ûϳǰҸү˼ҲǺüʮǰˣү϶Ѿģ
ʱүվʮ׵ĵطֶз紵һ³һѳе˼·һ㣬ɫˮһ˿ֻǵĿɽǼϵֻһۣܹɽһѹ
˵ģүû˵ҪǰҸүĻˣҿ϶Ųˡ
ɽáղһҪ˵ɱţǿСϷˣǵɱһҿү˵
ߵļλϵŵɫ亹ڶͷð˳
һû˵Ƭ֮ͻȻǰһһ֣Ϳʵǰ⼸ʮ궼ûڽͷ¶ˣû뵽ټ˼ҡ
ǰϷ⼸ʮȷʵûڽ¶ˣյͲڣһЩèĶ۸ҵͷˣϷٲ棬Ҫ˺󣬹ضñ˸ٿˣǾûˣ˭۸һ£ɽţĺܰүЩ˵š
ǼϵһҸү˵׷׵ͷȥҴϢ
ǰ˵ʲô˼ݺὭʱǶǽСĸ˼ǰΡ˿Ϳ˵
үһ˵ĺղҿ˵ҪɱۣϷµĺţʦ˶Ϸǰ˵Ĵ󻰡
ǰղǶе֪˼ڣǰСĲǡ˵ţٴγŸүϵ
үɫźÿһЩٴ˵ˣϷĿǿ϶Ҳ֪˵СҵĺӣҪߣǿʲôҪ˵𣿡
˻һڣǼϵʱ಻һʱ˭ҽҸүͷ⼸˶Ҹү̬ϣԿ˼ҵжôţȣ϶պգҪȻЩɽõϼһҲŵĸһ
˺һ˱˵ǰҵΪ⺢ӣʵ⺢Ӵ˻£ɽƽ̻ʦֶĶӸɱˣν⺢ӴɽȥΪ˲£ƽ˷Ը飬ƽµӲҲӣǰһ
үܿüͷһʱҲϬЩϵЩϵŵĶҸү۾ӣæͷȥ
ţүңʵСţ˵ǲɱģ
ү𣬵ұүԲɱģֻ϶Ҫݺ
ү˵ͷȻٴοЩϵ˵ûУ⺢˵ûɱƽ̵ĶӣǼҵĺ֪Բûзִ飬죬Ϸҽߣ࣬ԻһĽǿΣ
үڻӣҲӣ˵ҪһȻҪҸߡ


1735 
ǼǸү˵ɽϿЩ̫Ը˴˿һ֮󣬻ǻ˵ǰ˼ӣʵƽ˷Ը飬ɽò棬ǰÿһйȥ֮ɽ϶ǰһ𸴡
ƨ
˰ѻ˵꣬үֱӾı˴ֿڣ۾ҲҲ±ǺðϷӲ̫ãǱϷǰɣǺãʲô¾ʹϷҲɽĸУ
ǰʵȻǰִҪߣҲֻõˣ˵ţļλõϵ׷ǰһһ
󣡡
һ£λϵͬʱϵĳ˳Ȼ󡰺һɢҸүΧһԲȦ֮УҸүֻǵһ˿ЦĿˣߡ
ҿЩɽõҪҸү֣⻹ЩŵģүȻЩɽõĸֱϾҲһӵĸ֣һôˣҲ֪үϵİ˺ûУܴܲǡ
˵үҲͦţȵģһһֱӶ˼ҼſڣһⲻžžĴɽôЩϵõˣ˴Ӳʧ֣滹׶á
үҵʱʮֵɣƺûнЩϵһµڣİ˲١
ЩϵԴʱ򣬸үͻȻͶˣûаѽǰ߶һ߶үһɽõλϵʱٴһ㣬ѳˢˢĳҸүϵҪкȻ䣬ҿүһΣǰһүͻȻʧˣٴγֵʱѾһλϵһģϵͷ˳ȥ
ļλϵүһ֮ھķһˣɫ󺧡
ҿһĻҲǸеΪĲ˼顣
ԸЩɽôţȵĸ֣үȻγһ£ֱӿָǴжôš
ңүҲǹĪ⣬š
ֶҪٰ˲Ҫ̫࣬سɴֶθү˿̵Ҳμࡣ
׻˵ĺã书Ψ첻ƣֻҪе˼£ܹϵȻܹȷˣöֺ޷
ʣλϵһתٴγŸүүͺֻ۾һ㣬˫ͬʱһ־ȻϵĳĽץУһѲɶõķȻүˡ
߶ԼķΪڶ׶ñһүãһ¾͸˼ˣɲЩϵ˵Ľ֮󣬸үֳλϵ˦˹ȥ
գۼĹұ㿴ѶλϵĲӷ˹ȥǵĲһǳǳѪۣǶзɳȥ֮һһô֮ϣֱӴһѶһʯ֮ϣмɡ
ϵл˲ӣվһҲҶˣͬһ㡣
һ֪үˣǸүеĶû׼ͷֻǲǵѣҪȻѶвֻǲǵĲô򵥣źôͷҪ
ڸүֵͬʱŲɲͣ˹
ǰһϵ·ү·ͬʱżһϵһʯͷʯͷշ𣬴ϵĽϣϵ˴һ𶼱˳ȥ
һ̣үͳҵǰֳ֮ץ˹
һֱѺҵֱ˵ӣæһذ׳ҵĲϣŵҪȻھɱ
˵ͬʱ˻˺üԸоӶȻµĲС
ⲻҪļһʼʩҪҵٴвү
Ǹүɵľͷô
ҵ֣ܿ˻ȥүͻȻЦЦǱġ
Ȼұ㿴үڶȻθߣǡ
ŭˣүǶŭ
𣿡
ү˵
ƶкβңģţȣɱʲôطɽĽ£㻹Σݵ˵
үЦһǰѳͻȻԾȻͷ֮ϣű㷢һǵ֮ٴ˽Ųһһ


1736 Һ
˱үŵĻذ׽ҵĲӣͻȻоһɴʹ
үĽŲͣ˹һߣһŭ˵ɽΣϷ򲢲ɽҪҶҵĺϷɱɽɽѪɺӣƬײҺϷţ㵹ɱһԣ
үӿбĳÿһֶÿһֶһ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ţүԲŻ档
ɽõ߸ϼһεȵţȣڱʱԼǧ˵ΧҲ˿η壬Ҹүϣеһб㱻үſˣҪɱɽֵܹסʢŭ֮µĸүмˣ
үǼʮǰ㱻֮Ϊµһֵĺˣ˵һ
ɽţȣҵҪЮүүǵʲãɽҪЮǡ
ɱһˣҪɽӵᣬأ
ɽǧ꣬ϾҲǻĵĶţҪ˵¾Ҳ̫ܣɽ϶Ϊߵ𳡣ֻˣéɽ֮бһλĵɼĴãɽéɽ˵Ҳʲôĵɡ
ˣҸүһɱɽȥɽѪɺǱȻġ
ұ˸ɱ֮󣬸үʢŭ֮£Ż飬Ҳ϶Ҳĳ
ү˵֮ⷬ˵Ӷĸˡ
˿̵ϿǱɽµӵһ֮䡣
Ҷ
˿ЩϷذ׵ֻһֱڷ
ڸүԴϵǰѳâʢָˣһ˼ҪɱңҲˣүôûü֣̱ڸүĽ¡
үǸᡣ
ڽֲµʱͻȻ̾Ϣһʦܡ˰ɡذ׷°ɡ
ʦ֡ɽǧʧ֣һ޷˴ȥɽδ棿˼˵
Ҫɽ𣿡ֵ
仰ѹյһݣ˵һΣһ£ǰѵҲϵذױ㻬䵽˵ϡ
ʱңҲǸųһ˵߻˳˸үߡ
үҺһ
үӵ˵ͷˣ˵СӻǴԼһ
˵գүӻһգǰͷϵĳһ»ص˽֮УȻסҵ֣˵߰ɡ
ӦһĳȲѣ˿̣үо죬̫ţˣոյΣ֮ǰľһɨ⣬ڸү߸оر̤ʵ
ҿɽϵʱһվԭҶĿŸүһһ뿪
һܹеͲʣΣ
ڸүǿǰʵʵ̫ˣҲֻĿš
ȦԶֻһ淨Ǿ˭ȭͷӲ˭졣
ҴȦ֮󣬸үʲôתȺɽϵ˵Ϸ֪ǿ϶вʣȥýҲգ˾·ţǿԻȥ˹Ϸʱ򡣡
˵գתȥƵĳǰȥ
üһѾڴˣֱǶɽһ衣
үӵ˼ԣǾ˵үɽȺŹǵ£ү·Ƶţһһߵǣɽʲô֣˶УүʱֻҪܴүаߣУб¡
ҪǲǾ͹ֲˣѾ̵ˣһô涼УǸ
Ҿɽ϶ңϱʵĸָҳȡأ
µһ֣Ҳǣû˸ģ£δԽ
Ǵʱĸү
Ȼʱڽǽ˼ҵһҲֵˡ
֪ʲôʱҲܹиүΪµơ
ڸүߣǶƵĳǰȥһֱ߳ԶһͷȥʱҲûмɽϸѾǻĻɽˡ
Ƕ֮Ҳųһ߾Ϊ˵ĸүүղ˼̫ţˣսɽϣŵһƨģҴ


1737 ̫
үһۣ΢΢ЦϷ콭ʱҲǺ󱲣ЩûأҪϷɽĳЩ飬ĻǵɫЩӸ֪ߵغ񡣡
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣɽҲʮˣĹƶѾ쵽꣬ڸүĿȫС
˵ҲǣүǽһʮˣЩǰɲСô
ҺٺһЦƨүζ˼ˣҪȻСŹСҪɽˣô֪ұɽõ˸׽ģ
үүҵģϷҲû뵽ᷢ飬ԱһƣɽɽŸ죬ɽЩСӣ۸˶۸ͷˣϷŶûڽ¶棬ѵ䵽ˣү̾Ϣһ
Ҷʱһźߣ˵ү˼ʮ궼ûڽ¶˰ɣܶ˶Ϊ˼ҲأҪȻǵ۸ҵ
һ˵үָһ㣬˵ͷ˵ǰôʱˣʱ죬תۼĹô궼ȥˣඡ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻһ飬һĴ˵ѽ⣡ղһʮҪ飬˵ôٵʲôأ
үӼˣզˣ
үүʬɽϸˣ˵ɽɽ֮СŵʱΧˣǻв˵ʬͽǬ˱Ҹˣûа취ˣŽʬǡҼ
һ̫ߣӦûûԶҪǡ˵ţүһץסҵĸ첲Ҳ֪õʲôֻǰһƮΧĶٵĴǰһһӹŵҶ۾ٴ˫Ų̤ʱȻһӱϣɽһԴӱ
һҺ͸үûߣٴγǵǰ棬ϲⶼһ㶣ס˽Ųһ㵵Ŀǡ
ЩεĳŸүһ֣ǿ˵ǰѾˣ۷˻֪ʲôԸûУ
ûģҼС˵ǽҵĴұʬˣϷҲǣҪղŲһˣùɡүһ֣͸ǷƵģоԼӡ
Ǽϵʱһ㵣Ӹоһڳ˺üӬһ㣬ѿˡ
˺ܿǰɲ̫ˣʬԹɽɽ֮϶֪赹ԣصˣΪⱾɽĶ
ƨʬҵĴұʲôʱɽˣϷⷨϴ뱲ˣûɽ˹Ҫսû꣬Ǿ͹ǺðϷҪܴϷȥʬɽˡүдʵ˵
ʱҲ֪˵ɶˣո˵Ϊ˾ͿԲ
߸ϵ۸ңҲǳ۸ζһˬ˵á
ǼϵүĹѪͷ֪˵ʲôˣʬҪҵ黹Ҫ鷳ϾһǧķɽıܶϷ
Ǽϵûжүֻˣ˵īʲôأԼóأϷȥá
һϵЩ߷߲ƽҪ˵Щʲô㱻һԣ˱Ͻʬ˳˫ŵݵ˸үǰ
ү־˹ϸۣȻת־ͽҵУ˵СŰ㿴ûУ⣬ǵɽµġ
үӾӲЩϵһƵģǸҲװģĿʬ˵ûУö˶˵ġ
үŵ˵ͷ˵ǺãţϷҪĸҹ
˵֮󣬸үЩϵ˵ϷǾ仰Сŵ飬ʬ飬ɽܿңϷʱ㣬Ҫ۸ҼҺˣϷɲԸ⣬һΣ´ξҪѪˡ
˵գǼϵүﳤȥ
طԶɽүһֱ׷˼ҴſҪʬҲû˭ˣƫƫǼ˻˵ʲôҲǳ׵ķˡ
ү˵ţǾţǶ˾˳źӱߣۿ߸ϵ˴뿪˴˴һ·˳¡


1738 
Һ͸үδһǾøǱУ˵ʵԴ֪ү֮һֻ棬ǵĴΡ
ҲԼ֪һЩǰүĸүǵүյĸɶӣҲǵǸСӤҲ赲֮ү꣬Ͼ⣬˲֮⣬ү׶Ҳûж
Ȼ֪飬Ҳɵȥʡ
£Һ͸үһ·ţһЩģЩɽһ˹ΧǣǸүȴ˰֣˵СӾܷģɽûǸӣɽõǼСӻȥ϶ɽЩϼһ˵£¶Ͳ֮ˡ
һ㶣үɽϻб͸ˣ
Ȼɽô˵ҲǻĶţɽϷ͵ٻкüֻǵͣ϶ὭϵǷǷǣ඼ǱУһеľ磬ɽЩֱĵӣûмģҲСӻǸӡҪΪ飬үҲ¶棬ϾڵĽѾ˵ˣЩϼһ¶ĻԵþЩΪϲҲûа취顣ү˵
үǶԲסˣ˼ˡǸ˵
үʲôÿģһˣ˵ʵүү鶼˵ĵǺܲЩүķ緶ҵ֡үٺһЦ
Щ˼Դ˵аұûУֻǲͣĴˣ»˼鷳
үٴΰֵӦöྭһЩ飬ܳɳⴳĻ󣬵үǵүɱˣŪ֪Сձӣһɳģ㻹ᣬҪô꣬Ϸ֮һֱ֮⣬ҲҵĺӻҵӰ֮£˾֮˼ȡѪԣԼͷΪʵվԼģǱ˵ģԶǵһ仰ˣ죬Ҫ黳ȣ佾꣬һգɶһ档
˸үĽ̻ڣǳéٿͷȴ־ʮꡣ
Ϊɽһõ˶Ƕ֣ʱܹﵽҸү㾳أ
үƺ룬Сӣ콣ʲô̶ˣ
߽ʽǿܹգرϤ˺ϴ辭ĿǰҲֻܵʩоǶ󡣡ЩƵ˵
ҪģСѾܲˣ̶̼ʱ䣬ܹڽ֮УƵɽó֣ҲûмҪ֪콣үϹÿһΪܹʩչһзʱ˺ϴ辭ʦͨˮɣżѡ·ʱ򣬸үҲ̫޳ɣүѵҵ㻹ѡ·ֻһߵˣүҲʱʱ̻̿㣬Ժ·㻹ҪԼߣԼĸǿ󣬲ҪԼʲô·㱳˳үˣܹ˵㼸ʱү˵˵ţͻȻЩ
үżһ·λƵţǰ˴Լ·̵ʱ򣬸үҽ⿪ϵķӡҴͨ˵һָΪ
ʵɽǼϼһֻɽһЩķŷӡסҵĵܷѣû̫ˡ
Żһ½ǣо̹࣬ؿˣҲ඼ˡ
ţĵүǲɱģ˵ǣݺүȴ˵һһΪɱɽƽ̵Ķء
ҶʱһźߣָүӵһףղŸǼϵ˵ʱǴȻҶˡ
Щ鶼С⣬ү̫ģֻԼãһʱ䣬ɽ϶ͣˣԲҵ鷳ǻҪɽڱˣУϾɽ͢Ĺϵǳ˲˽ȥ
үĻҶȻҲָү˵ǰսʬ飬ʮֵĵǣϾɱյʱ򣬸ǧ˿ƵĹϵҰջΪߵĸүŹҵģʬ꣬ʮΪİһҿ϶ǵһġ


1739 ԲӦ
ʬİգүɫٴһ˼ģĬ˺һ·Ÿ˵˴£ү˵սӵж¯֮Ӥ飬Ѿүү˵ˣȻǷͬСɣ⼸֮ڣʱпһǰĽѪȷմҰģȻңҪִµߣӶƿԼУ˶Ϊۻ
ʬ鲢еǰ򵥣Ӥ廹յĻǱҪһϵʱ䣬ʱ˵׼пһ꣬Ҳп꣬Ҳ˵׼
һ֮ʱİձٵĻָʮΪӤһ꣬߰꺢ͯģͳһСˡ
ʲôʱȫƾǰյ
һʱձػдȷѪꡣ
ǣվںδʲôʱŻ˰Ϊεļ֮⣬Ҳû˻֪
⼸꣬տܻ̲һصƽ
ƽıȴֻǱ֮ǰһžĲһүҵǣĿǰǺֻܱԲӦ䡣
Ҫҵղںδ̫ˡ
ʮΪʮļȫһ˵ϣ˶Ѿɾˡ
Ŀǰ˵Ҳֻӣڰյ飬ҲϹģʲôΪ˼ҿ϶
ү˵һĳ˼䣬ʱ϶᲻ܵģȻҲеŬֹյı
͸үţһ·߳˺Զ춼Ѿȫ
Ȼ󣬸үҽʲô㡣
˵һʼҶûԴӱɽõ׽ס֮Ҿ;ҿ϶Ҫˣ֪үͻȻճ֣һС
үңͻȻЩ£ǰҸȥأ
ȻɽҵвʱˣصǸͨҲܱһӣȻҪϴҵ׵ġ
Ҫ飬Ȼҳף飬ֻдǿˡ
һһ鲻òȥǾȥһéɽҵĸĸ˳㽫СȴҢӻȻܻ³ء
ǣұ㽫ҵ뷨ү˵һ¡
ү˵ͷ˵ãȻȥéɽ飬Ǹүȥһ˰ɣéɽҲйˣ궼ûмˣȥݻһ¡
иүã˼ߣһ¸ɶ¹ص顢һصɽֻҪҵ鷳үһ
ӸղŸүĻһЩߣүղ˵ȥéɽݻһˣȻˡݻᡱ֣ǺȻүҪǸ˼ʮ־صˣһĳ
һ֪үҪݻǸǲǸأ
⻰Ҳûʣ֪ãȻү˵éɽ֮ǱֿүҲùԼȥԼãʱҲԼ飬Ȼлص³ء
Ӧһߵ·Ҹڳһ·ȥéɽţֻǵĸүͣ˼Ҳϴү͸ӹװӾ߳ĸһģ֪ĻΪǳĵӰء
ҽ˸ү֮·뿪Ǹүϣ˵ûаȫУ·㡣
Ҿˣﵽéɽǧ֮ңҪǿߣǵߵʲôʱ
ү˵õģ֪·һʱܵéɽ
ҵţһʱСʱɻҲٶȣѵүҪҷɹȥɣ
һ治ŸүⱾ¡
үصһЦ˵֪ˡ
󣬸үߵһƬɽҰ룬Ȼߵĳһɽǰջ˼䣬ɽһģɽ֮϶ȻһĶڣү˽ȥ
ǾĪүŪɶ
ö˶˵ɽôͳͨأ
ں֮£Ҳ˸үһ䣬ү˵һַţֻǿһͨѣٸΪ򵥵ӣͺéɽͨڤǸ磬һܹʱͿռѹĴڡ
ַֻеһֵܹطʮֵΣգʱĴڣһߴ˵ط㶼֪ᱻʲôط
ү˵ô棬ұʱǲǾֱӴԽ˰
үһɻĿңҴԽǸʲô
ðɣҷҸүдģһͦͨЩѣ±տڲԣʵʵĸ˼һ·ǰУ֪ûиү˵ǰ档


1740 ˭
һطо˴ģʲôڸүһ·ң첽ǰУǰ˰СʱĹ⾰ǰڤһĴڣǺͮͮҽӭүƶѾϰΪһ·ҽŲͣɫҴңΪȫѾָ˹үҲó
ڣűһǺɫʯĵطﾭᴵһЩɫķ磬ܹ˺磬һˣʱ򣬸үϱӯϿʼɢһ㵭İɵĹâҸЩɫûдҵϡ
ǵһֹطŵĲУȫӶģүһ·ųǰ첽С
㣬оҲСʱĹ⾰һ·˺ܶŹֵĵطеĵطҴûмĹ޳ûģˣֱߵһڣү˽ȥǰٴһƬڣȻֿ첽ʮӣ˱éɽĺɽתͷȥʱĻʲôڣһ⻬ʯڡ
ҵţҲ̫ˡ
û뵽ΪҸү㾳磬ķ֣ıѾˣֱ񷨡
һéɽĺɽ֮󣬿Ϥķ羰ҽŵŽĻ
ʱ򣬸үСţѾéɽĺɽˣȥùңǸȥԵá
Ӧһһ뵽үֱ𣬻ЩᣬӼ浽ڣܹ˲żСʱĹ⾰ѣӸʡֱӵ˾éɽ˵ƶ̫š
үûʲôתߣҿŸүıӰͻȻ뵽ʲôүȵȣм黹Ҫ㡣
үһͷҵɶ¶˵ɡ
ɶüǰ³һֻɫĻü񣬸ͷܴȹһȻʧˣҲûгֹֻɫüԳϹ̣֪үֻ֪֪ɫüͻȻ飬һֻүүţüζûȻϹ̣үүһү϶֪һ
飬үͻȻͱЩæ۷˹һץסҵĸ첲˵㡭Ϲˣ
šһΣһ仰û˵үֻɫĻü񵽵ʲôٴʵ
үһֻɫüɫԵΪɫˣһЩЩ˵Ϲ̻šô˵Ҳпܻš
ү˭˭ţʵ
үһ£Żع˵û¶ֻҪֻ֪ɫüҵ˱ãٴμһҪͿģ֪𣿡
Щ¶ӦһȻү̾Ϣһ˵ˣЩүҲ㲻̫ҲûͣԺ׵һ죬үˣҲ߰ɡ
˵УүͻȻεض𣬼֮ʧ֮УȻͲӰ
ҿŸүԶȥķһųéɽķ˹ȥ
ط̫Ϥˣ˺ܶΣߵɽʱ򣬾éɽɽˣҸɽ֮Уɽ˶˵ĵӣʮֵĿһ·ųɽȥǻһЩϷ飬Ҳ˵ɽó鷳飬ʮֺôӳġЩʵڲ˵ֻŪ˼ɽ
ɽŴ֮󣬺˳ľͽéɽķ֮ڣ˾޴ƷҾֱéɽС򣬵ȵ֮󣬷éɽС˲඼ϢˣҸĸסǼ䷿ӵĵҲûҲϢˡ
ôˣҲ뽫Ƕϳѡ
Ǻұֱӵת˷ȥéɽĹȥҢˡ
ǹΪԾʱҢ˿϶˯µġ
ҵéɽĺɽҲéɽΪʦǸطʱ򣬱㲻ǰˡ
ڵĽأһ岽һʵֲû˴·Ҫȥѡ
ʱҲǸҸ˸Ҵ·ġ
ߵһƬʱ򣬱㲻֪Ǻˡ
ǣұվӱ߶˼֪ҢĹūڲڣýҸȥ
ҲˣҸպͿһ˫ͮͮ۾ǹū˭
ūͷ·ҪȥҢˡҳŹūһɤӡ
СŸ硭һ۶Ϥϲﴫ˹Ȼұ㿴ūСͬʱҵǰСſ˻žͳұ˹


1741 ǳ
δüһСȣҲǼĲУæſ˻Сȸһѱ
˵õģȵʱȣȴʬңɱ飬ҳɽصͨĴ׷ɱʱ䣬һֱ·ϣûʱ˵Сȣò
һûиСȷôʱ䡣
СһصĿţʵСŸ硭ôʱ䶼ȥˣҲȻȥȺ㰡
ȵԴЩæ˵СŸһ鷳һֱѲںˣ鷳඼ˣⲻǹ𣿡
ȵ˵ͷң۾˸ΪûģҲĶֻһֱˡ
СŸ磬ǲл۸ˣС͸ȥǣǸүүҺö౾أڿˡССȭͷĸ˵ţһ̬
ٴСȵԴ˵ãСŸܿʹߣȥˣǻҪүүкС
˵ţұǣȵ֣ڹūĴ֮£Źڵĸȥ
ūȻĿ£ǰҲûʲôɫοʮֵĿΪСȵԵʰɣݼڣһֵкҸǰȥ
ڹūĴ֮£û϶ãǱҢסǸطǽȥʱҢ˹ûϢϴ
һȻҢ˱Ը
Ң˿ͷܺãһҲʮָˣСţƶ˵ˣ˵ɽõѾ˳㣬СӶӵĳƶû뵽
Ң˲ˣ˲˵ٻҵ±Щ˼˵аҿûǸ£ҶѾɽõЩϵɽ£ҸүңȻһֱ͵éɽ£뿪ġ
ҸүҢ˲İҺҢһȥڤ֮͵ȡ˰ʱ򣬱Ҹүǡ
˵һε飬ĿүɷҲ֪ҸүôӳģһΣҪǸүǿ϶ǳġ
Ң˵˵ͷ˵ֲãȻ棬⽭֮ϻϾû˼Ҹ㲻顣
Ң˵ǼС˺ܾãǳ⡣
Ĺ֮УҢ˵ִһЩ޵ҸĹЩֶΣǰʱСҲһʱ䣬ֻҪʱĻʱҲû̫⣬꣬Сһֶûʲô⡣
Ң˵ҼѣҢ˸лһСȸҢ߻ǳ
Ңȴ˵ÿҲϲСѾͷʮԣѾͷǸ˵ĻпΪڵĵһŮӡ
ҢҲʮϲСȵġ
ҸҢ˺ܾúܾãһֱʱҲŸҢˣ뿪˹ڣéɽǸС˹ȥ
һ˵ҪߣСȻЩãùūҲ뿪ҢˣѾͷȻǸСŮԣ˴ұ㽫С˹ڶ죬ȥéɽСȥ㸸ĸߵʱȥСһ뿪
˹ڣɫѾĸѾ˴æ
ҵĵʮָˣЩˡ
Ƕéɽĵʮֵƽȴ֪澿ʲôһԶزˡ
ˣéɽŸĸĹ⾰طҲȫõı׷ɱʲôҲ׷éɽĶ츣ʰңǻˡ
֮ұȥ˹ڽСȸ˻ֱ뿪éɽɽʱһˣéɽɽųˣҲûˣ˺һӲ뿪˻ԽҸɽ
뿪éɽӣѦС߸˵ǿӣһȥ֮󣬾ܴǿ̽ѰһЩϢˡ
éɽ֮һһƤߣҲһͷҲΪԷһصҵ鷳
Ū֮ұȥһڳ˾ǧǮֱȥ³ء
ʱұ㵽ϳǣȻȥ˺Ҷȣص˼ѦСǵֻ绰ûдֱӾ͵͵˹ȥ
ȵ˺ҶȣֱѦҩ̣ѦҩֻѦСߵĸһڣûпкѦСǣЩ档


1742 ǿ
һԺӣѦСߵĸѦɣүһ¾ϳæҩԱһѽҸסĳܿһۣȻ㽫ҩԱߵһƫ֮УȻ󻹹ţ˵ӣһ·ûбʲô˸ϰɣ
Ѧ壬ҴƤأôƳģûлش⣬ʵ
Ѧȴ⺢ӣһǼܣ߰һܹϵĳģֲǵһιƨʲôҶ֪Ʋ㣿
˵Ҳǣλүݹҩ裬һйʮ룬ʱǳģ˼һû·ʲôѧҽģ˵۹ⶼһһ۾ܿͷ
ҺٺһЦϵƤߣ˵Ѧ壬ģһ·ʮСģκģҶѵ˶Ųɣ
Ѧ˵ɲôǰʱһصˣڴţ֪ôˣȻмװССʱڴתƣһ۾ܹƵĳǶߣΪ֮ͣǰһС⺢ӴʵľеǸֳһʲ֪˵ЩʲôϾصˣҲܲˣѦСһǣĥţЩ˿϶ġ
ڻڴﲼ𣿡ʵ
һЩ컹ûţֵͦġѦЩƵ˵
ҸүڽϵĺŪ˲ٵĲɽصֵܾҲ
үֱӴɽˣصЩˣҶҶֵĻǻЩԲˡ
뵽ұ㰲˲٣ʵˣѦ壬С߸ͻأ
ŶǸ˲һСʱλүﴫϢ˵ǰʱǸɽ˹һȫȥˡѦ˵
һǿˣҲʮֵĻϲæ˵̫ˣǿغҵף϶֪˭ɱɽƽ̵Ĺӣҹȥһʱ֪
ǺãʹȥѦ˵
ãѦɣһصڣһǴݾˣǵطϤԼȥͺáҵ
ǺãϽȥɣǼ߶㣬üζȥ㣬Ǹɸסˣɰأˮ©Ѧֵ
һϲֵҲˣ
ɲôһ͹ˣ˺ü졣Ѧֵ
һҲˣлϲѣһΣһ¾ȫܸǼˡ
ǣҴǱѦ壬Ѧҩ̵ĺԺǽȥֱźɽȥרһЩûߵС
ѦλүӵķʱͻȻһ顣
һĿǱɽϸߵģΪѾѺɽȺã϶ĵĲУҪƽ
ǰһֱéɽţֻûźţҾһֱػš
ֻ֮󣬷ֻкüδӵ绰нӵĺһģѦСҲҴ˶֪»绰룬Ҳ
˲˵Ǹһһ绰ȥ绰ܿͱͨˡ
СŸ磬أһһͨ绰Ȳʵ
ںҶأǰʹɽǱӳˣǰʱһֱéɽǸ㱨ƽˡҵ
һһЦ˵СŸ磬¶˵Ҳ֪ˣڵϢ˭Ķͨձүߵ죬Ϣʹߣܼ湻˼
ǰǽӵȷǹ˼ɽϹҵʱǰ͸Ϣֻǵ㱳һЩջɽõ˸˸ţҲǺ棬ɽôҵأƵ
¶Ҳͦģѯһ½ӣӸ˵ɽһ׷ٵֵⷨţǧ׷ֻҪҵƽùĶϵëȻʩչǧ׷٣֮ǰɽЩ˿϶ȥϳǵļҵͷ֮ģҪȻǲôȷҵλáһ
˵Щ̾ΪֹˣүģɽţİԺǴ򽻵ͷ˿
һ˼֮󣬲֪䣬ұλүסǸԱߣ˵绰ɨһۣûʲôˣ˼߽Ƿ֮УܿͿɽϵһСԺ䣬Ȼӿ˽ŲͳСԺ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ұ㵽ԺſڴС߸磬ϻչֵܣһˣ
һҵҾšۡһ죬мϤӰ˳


1743 ϻɢ
գۼĹϻչѦС߱λүסǼﱼ˳վԺſڣվſڣ˫еĿԣȻһЦſ˻ȥϸ缸׷һӵ
ǰôţǸ缸һͬиͬܶôѵļ裬缸һܻа취ܹͦȥ
һΣΪ飬ǳ׵ѪˣԮãȻ޿һжҪԼһ·Ĳ֪࣬׷ɱһ¼Ϊӡ
һ̣ҿЩֵܵʱеһвͨͨʧˣôʱ䣬رǡ
˶ǼĲУȳؿһȭ˵Сţ˰ô׷ɱ㣬㶼ܻӻȥһңһСûиҼ
˵⻰ʱϻĳҼüŪۣǸǷӣϤϻһû䡣
ȻչҲǰ˵СŸ磬ǻˣǰ죬һ绰ǣɽõ˸ˣǶĲУҪţǸ缸ȥɽȥˣһִ绰˵үȥһˣ˻ݺݽѵһ̫ˣ
Ҫǲס⼸ǲ֪ܴʲôӳɽô˵ҲǧţƣȥҲͷģһãǰǾҪȥʡˣҲˣܾﲻ̫ԾһеĵˣҪǸ缸ȫأçײµĻֻӵ⡣ɵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ĺܶԣʵҲôģҿŴңҪȻĸ⣬ô˵Ϊҵ飬λֵܶˣСڴһݡ
˵ţұ֣µĳǼһ
һŪǼЩ˼ѦСʱҲ˹ϸҿۣ˵Сţû˰ɣ
ûУö˶˵ģɶ¶ûСЦ˵ȻѦСȥվѦСߵĺ棬ЦӯӯĿңҿʱ΢΢˵ͷ
ûԽԽÿˣƤǰǰ԰ףǰ͸죬Եö˲٣ò˵ѦСǺø
˺һҽ⣬С߸磬Ѧ˵ɽǿ˹ǲģ
ţ糿ѹģֻ֮ʮӣȻֻ˯˹ȥλү˵һѹҪˣܹһСʱٹ߰Ĺ⾰˲ָܹѦС˵
ߣǽȥơ˵ţкһ˵ȳȥȻ㿴λһүӣͷͦõģȻǰλү˴λүӺǸˣվ
ұ˵λ˼ңǰʱ䣬ɽ˽һ˹λ˼ҽΣڵϦҲֻλ˼ܹҽˣֻǲ֪˵ʲô֢Ϊôҽأ
ѦǬүӵ⺢еһ涾ѾӦǽжϻɢɫζ޼ѰһԶҩ˴˶ˣ֮ڵòεĻֻ·һ͹ʱѾѵľʱֵֻܶ˹ʮ룬ҽϵĶԿסȻѰҾ֮ʱ˹Ҳ⺢󡣡
ٴθлλ˼ң˵λ˼ңСݺɱ˵ɽƽ̻˵ĶӣҲֻдܹС֤˭ԪףˣһӶϴɡ
Ѧҽ˵͹ˣһѦҺ޹ϸˣѦҲβܵģͲҪ˵ʲôллˣǺӾڸȥɣҪȵϲܹѦү˵
ӦһȻһȺ˳Ÿ˹ȥܿͿǿһŴ֮ϣ㲣˶˺üȦڣϻźܶ룬ѦСߵүүϸš
ֻҪܻϴɵĻܴ󣬴˿̿ǿö˶˵ģҲͷˡ
ǿҲһѣһԸʬʱҲ˲ҸǾмӣҶӡҲܲ
ǿ֮ѦүӱǸ뿪´ŵǿϢ˵֮󣬻֪ͨǣ˱뿪ԺһߺȾһߵš


1744 ԵԵ
һδΪףҵѲֱӾѦλүӵԺһһãò֡
λүӵ֮ڣˮܺãɽˮ˵ҰҲܶ࣬һ׽ЩҰСϪߴɾ˳׽˼㣬Ū峴ըŪʮɿڵķˣһ
Ǭ˱ǲȱģ¹ʲôę́Һкüӣȫ˳ȸһݡ
˵Ҳ˼ԭܼҵ飬СಡܶʱﲻܶνʮָմˮԴ֮󣬱ϲƽʱһЩ˵飬һ󰮺ãÿиֲϵ³ˡˡˡӶԣ˵ӾǴȲ˵ζʳָ󶯡
¶ѦС߸ǵġ
˶ѦСߺøһôƯֻӣʲôʱ飬Ҳúȱϲƣһﶼ̫ùˣÿԳϲ
Ҳ֪ѦССڵôģÿ˵飬ѦС߶˵ٵȵȣҲ֪ھʲô
¶˵ѦСߺЩ˼ɫͨ죬ߵͷ̧ǣ˶ôЦ
ȻѦСߵļҲܺã˼ô˵Ҳҽңҽͨı£Ҳŵˡ
ܼҵ˶ûʲôһû˵
Ʋ룬кһȫΧԺԲ֮ϣλүҲЩСһϯｻһֵľ󣬴һþöûô۹ˣٷҲʮֵĿġ
ΨһôһﶼǷȱǣһûҪڵĻһһԲ
һǴģұɽϴߵʱصѦңһһôҴɽȳ飬ֻǻûüҾͱҸү˳
ף;ǿֹ˲Сˣ϶ڱֵõҰȫȳϢһʱǹˡ
ԷȾƵʱ򣬴һҲʱľ¶ҲЩ¡
ʬ鿪ʼ˵һֱ˵ұݺȻϾص˹Ѻ˵ΣȻϾֵҪڰ·ϸңֽҾȻһ·иֲۣʵ̫ˣȻֻǼôһ˵Ҳզ࣬û뵽ҾȻô顣
Ҫ飬¶סҪȻ޷˵Ҿô˴Ͼصоȳȥģ޷˵δӰ׻䳤ϵ
˺ܿèô¶ôһ𾪵ǣǵСɩôţǼǰѾɥ
һΪ˸ѩޣǽ³صһصƽˣɱһصôˣǽ𣬴һﻹһصУȴû
ʵҲʼδģҵƲ⣬ʱ֮󣬺пǱˣȻͽܣЩһֱڶĿϣҲͻȻõұϾץ飬ġ
һ˵ⶫһֱѦҵλүȴһۣ鿴ȥЩѰζǻһĨֵЦݡ
һ֣ұʵλ˼ңʶⶫ𣿡
ѦүЦЦ˵˵ⶫǵʶǸΪϤĻһˣ벻֪˭
˭Һ
үİѦүͻȻһЦ
Ҹүʶ᣿ҳԾ
Ǻֹʶֱ̫ϤˣҸ˵һ֮£ɲүҪȻɹҹҲסѦүӵ
⻰˵ģʱ˵İ֮ģ׷״ߴλү˵˵
Ѧүźӣ΢Ц˵뵱꣬ỹûгҵʱһңΪҲǽһÿ཭ʿŮǴߣǻ˿һۣƫƫҸүʱүڽ֮룬˲֪ŮԵģүֱϽʮ꣬һֱŮ˵ӿү˵ʲôϷͲ֪ˣүûиǻһŮ֮£Ͷ˶£ΪᣬҲǴ䣬ٳûڽˣû뵽Ůȴⶫͽܣò˵컯Ū˰


1745 ɱ
˸ȥû뵽ỹҸү֮仹һι˵ǶôҺ۵ģһֱûиɫԭǽҸүԹתƵҵϡ
Ƕ϶֪ҸҸү֮Ĺϵ
ͽܣҿ϶ûˣݶԹ洫ġ
үǻҲһ˵ľʵ⵹ǲ⣬λүӶ˵ǻҸүѾڽ֮룬ǶصĴӢۣԹŮӢۣŮҲΪ顣
λү˵ὫҸүСʮ꣬붼ҪˣģһĿ׶̫̫ʵڴϿʲô˵ģȫһʦ̫ļӸС
ҾˣŸүǶϵҸ֮ƾ鷳ˡ
ʵҶ֮ڵĸ飬Ҳ˵ʲôһָоÿ뵽ʱҵԺܻḡֳ޵ݳߵôкûдҲ֪һǷһԹ֮ġ
Щһ;Ϊͷۡ
ȻǻҲţʲôϵǰǸҲˣΪʲôҴûи
Ҳ֪ôشǵʱͻȻ䣬ѦСߵүүѦù˵ǿոѾ˹ǹȥơ
һ˵ǿ˹˷׷˹ȥ
ǽȥ
һ㿴ڲϵǿѾ۾ֻǿʮֵ
ǿҳǰʱԵЩɳƵ˵ССŸ硭
쵹ˮæߵԾǸߣһŵ
ܿ죬չͶ˹һ¿ˮҽոѹǿĲǱˮȫι
Ɑˮ֮ǿ࣬ȻЩãȻʵСŸ硭İ
³غҶѦҡҵ
ǿһȻ󻷹һվߵЩˣʵЩ˭
ֵܣ㲻һֱôף˱һ֮⣬Ķˡҵ
ǿģˣֱһЩ˵λĴˣҵü
˶һ֣Ǹǿк
ֱ⣬ǿ㻹ǵôģ𣿡
ǿϸһ£üͷ΢΢ȻҼǵҺǸСŸһԸʬţʬɨһ£ȻұˣѪˡ
ЩҶ֪ɼǵ㱻ַ֮ʲôɽƽ̵ĶˣȻɽص˽ҵͷϣʱҸеʱȻ϶˵ģȴĪˣҲ˶һֽϻɢ涾ʦ彫͵Ѧңżһ֪˭µĶæٴʵ
ǿϸһ£üͷʮܵӡ
ӣҲ̣ߴ
Ͼڴôʱ䣬ҪһָḶ́ܶ鶼ҪС
ʱѦͻȻǰһ˵Сţ㲻ҪڸոӻѣһӦúЩˡ
ӦһȻֵǿû¶ҪϢһ£һٸ˵ҲС
ǿû˵ʲôֱĿδ֪ھʲôһ֮󣬲૵˵ʱʱҼǵСŸУȻƴһƣȻ˵أɽصĮһ½Һˡ
Ȼ䣬ǿʲôЩ˵ҡˣôһ¶ˡ
ǿ˵ҵĶʱ˵ʵǵǿʲôǵˣһһӶϴѲ壬ɽӻԽԽ
Ҳ˵ҲҴȫǿ
ǿĮһжĮɵģϣҺĮһ±ߵģʱҺȫ˵ĲᣬܶˣĮǸ±ţĮңҵʱģܸоԼҪ˯ȥߵϵʱĮͻȻҸĵķ˵ϣȻߵ󣬳ĺһƣһȥ³һѪֱӻ˹ȥĮߵҵߣóһһҵĲϣȻҾʲô֪ˡĮɵģɱ


1746 
ǿ˵ҶʱЩ˼飬ԭһжǸĮ˸Ĺ
Ϊʲô
Įɽص鳤Ҫְ׵λãɽһֱϽУΪɽص鳤ѾţˣսǸʡֵĸֳλҲ˶٣ҸĮԩ޳ģΪʲôҪɱ־أͼʲôأ
֮ǰҶĮӡǺܲģҿͿģΪ˿ҲʮֵĳȣһϸҽܵˣҲʮֵΣҲɹпĮڱǵʱֱҸˣܾݺңúõɽص鳤ţȴֳֺõ飬ȫԻǰ̡
ҺɱħͷϺܶ˶֪һңҿ϶ر˶һֺãҶʮֺã˺һΣҿ϶նݳ
ܿ죬뵽һˣϾֵϴձ壬Ҹ³ռҵĹϵν͸ĶĳɱХ죬᲻ձָʹĮôɵأ
ΪձĮĶͷ˾ձĮ˵仰ڵʱ֮£ĮҪɱ޻ңʵ̫ɲˡ
תһ룬־Щ̫Ծ
ΪձĳҲɽҸɽƽ̻˻ʦֵܣҲ˵ձʦֶϵڣձҲ̵ݺңһ鱩¶ˣ˿϶ձ𣬸ڡ
ųϸʣµһܵĿܡ
ǾĮпһصصе̽ӣһǿݺңҺҵֵصĴѹ֮ȫûǴﲻֵزҲܹҺص֮Ĺϵ׸ʼصĴѹ̧֮ͷɽҲΪҵĳС
һұ˲ϸһصˣ˽¾ͿԸɺܶ˵Ĺ
Щ飬ϸ˼֣һص뷨õĻֱɲˣ£ǻɳѪӹңɣҪɱңһ·ұƵ˱
һʮֿɣҾĮҪҵǸˣҵ˱֮һϵǧƷһֹƶܹ˶λǧ׷١
һ·ʱֲܹ֪ײĹƶԭ
ʱɽλϵܹ֮ҵңҲΪԵʣʱǻ˵صṩϢԴصܹҶλȻĮǱ߷
Į¹ƣһӡûУǹֶʮ֣ûʲôǹֶûʲôӰĻҿ϶Уҿ϶֮ǰĮӴ֡ǽ˵ǿʱпܶ¹ƣֹƶ岢ûʲô˺Ҳûκθо˿̣ǿĮɱָ˶֮еһҲϵԽԽĮǸ˵ġ
Сصĺֱɲ⡣
ǿĻҶʱĬһû˵
ǿ˵Щ֮Եʮֵƣ˼Ӿ͵ȥ
˺ˡǶȥɣ⺢ӶϢһҪüָܻѦ˵
ȻѾ֪˴𰸣ұǿ˵һżֵܾͳӣ»صԺ
Χһ𣬷׷׿ң˵СţǸʲôĮʲôͷΪʲôҪ㣿
ϻǶ֪˭ʱһͷˮ
£ұ㽫ĮݸҶ˵һ飬ҲԼ뷨˵һ£Įпһصصеߡ
ϻ°ͣ˼˵һصҲǹţģص˾ȻôĹ٣Щص˶ɵһ㶼Ʋ
صĺΪҲȽϵ͵ȷǿҪǿ˵ҶЩšҵ
СŸ磬ǻ¸ɶֱȥɽǣĮǼһסݺݵһ٣һʲôˡչ
鲻Ҫ֮СŸմӱȻֱɽϵо˳¶ѾˣĮ϶ҲţȻǷɱ˹ȥصǼ˶˽ȥǾͲˡ˵
ǣĮǸӦò֪ǿѾȻ˰ɣǸϻɢλүӽ⿪أĮӦʮţǿڶϻɢ²ܻԣ϶ΪԼǰȫģûб¶ѦС˵
С˵ҲûпܣǻҪСģҶȽǿϢɢȥ˵ǿûбȻѾˣһĮͻӵķɾ裬ٹȥɶˡֵ


1747 ɽǵȴ
ҷֻɿǵΪȫһпܷ鶼뵽ˣһȫĲãϴϴ磬ӾǺʹ
£Ҳɵ취Ǵһﶼæ
ѦСϵɽˣǵļƻ򵥸˵һ顣
ڶԸʬʱ˸ҵĹϵҵϾصץҵʱǴͷֹϾֽҸߵģҰٷ֮˲ݺǡ
Ϊ˰ȫǲûне鶼ˣֻ˵ǿȻˣҪһ£ǿѶȥҪ߳
˴ϻ۹ˣҲûжʣֻǼ򵥸䣬ϲһܹӼ׷ɱ»
˵绰֮󣬴һͿʼ׼ôĮ¡
ô˵ĮҲɽص鳤λӸλûĵطɽصסĵط
ǲȥص齫׽ǵط̫ΣˣȥסĵطҲУΪźӣױ¶٣ҲõĮźӶ֣Żļˡ
ĮסǸطҲ򵥣СͷȽܼһиסҲﶯ֡
֮Զصô˽⣬ΪҸս̫ϤˣصסĵطȽ˽⡣
ԣҪĮ֣ܹƭ
뵽үӣӦܹĮԼǺܿͷͷ
үΪҵ飬ڲȡһصְΪĮ飬˼ǵһصǾǺ
Ҿ¶ԼֱȽϺá
ǣҾ뵽ڵĽӣһ绰ȥͨ죬ɽǿ϶Ҳڵ˵ɽصҲڵˣǱ߷ҼһĮòġ
Ӵͨ˵绰֮һѣ֮ǰڱǱ߶ҵӦʾʮֵĸлӹЦ˵үţȣɽϵӳ
˵ǿɲҵı£ҸүȵңҲǽҡ
˵Ҿ洫ţȣүӸĲУ˾˳ʬҪ˹ɽŵƨҷһһֱڣɽҷʲô׽ҵ飬û
ЩǽӴɽǱߴ̽ϢҪҸү̫ײһЩɽٸҽӶҵĻɳʲô֣϶޻صġ
ɽЩС֪үһɽֵУһ֪үķɣϾһӣʰҲǳжѣʵǲֵһᡣ
ҸӳһƤȻ͸˵¶Ҽһɽص鳤ĮǱߵ顣
ЩɣôĮ˸㲻Ըʲô⣿
磬һɱȻ޻ģҺңһһصصˣҪʰһ£ֻǱ߸ҳЩˡ
ôεĥϣڶڽǱ߻ǱȽεģԲŸ˵ʵ
ӳƬ̣˵Ǿү˼ǵС䵥֮ʰ
ǽ綮ңҾ˼Ц˵
ǺãȵɽǵţһϢһ֪ͨ㡣˵
˵绰֮ұ㽫˵һһִһƬ̡
ɵ˼ǣȺ˻ǲһȥʲô״˴֮޷ӦһͬжĻĿЩ˵ɽôǵ鷳ˣصһֱûзɾ裬ص˲ȻҲҸүˣлֵġ
ˣһɳһȥ˻ҪںҶȡ
ɴʲô鷳Ҳȫһ
ȻһˣǾðչһȥ
չ뽭ʱ̣һǿԸȥһĿҲСһЩ
һ׵֮ںҶͣ죬ǿܹµ߶֮ҲԻһƤߣҹɫ뿪˺ҶȣȻһֱɽǡ
ڶǱ㵽ɽǣһʮƫƧСùסùòֱ֤ӽǮסҲܵı˻鵽ǵݡ
ùס֮󣬽ĵȴǿÿԳʱָ壬Դ֮һùһ죬ɽǵĵ֮󣬱ܹһˣֻΪûлָֻżá
ǿʱɽ˻ȥ˺ҶһˣװŹǿʬߵġ


1748 ҹ͵
ʵ֮ǰǿѶѾɢ˳ȥιҶҲװװӣĿľΪĮɾ衣
һС˵ֱӾˣ˭֪Ǹһصһֻġ
һصһСֶ涼ѰҪһϵˣ֮͸Ҳˡ
Ҵɽбүȳ飬ƾѾĮСӻֲ̿ˡ
һɽǴ죬Ǳ߶ûдκϢⲻЩˣȻ͸ִһ绰ȥǱȴ˵Ҳûа취Įÿһߣɽص飬ǻصסС棬ûκĻѶûС
ǳȥҲǸһƱˣûֵʱ
Įȷصĺ⻹еԽӣ˵Խ⣬пܶ˷֮ġ
Ҳûа취飬ֻܵȣĮܻ䵥ʱ򣬷ҲûʲôرҪȥš
֪һڶȥˣǿѾõĲ࣬Ҳָ˴ԼɵΪһﶼʼЩˡ
ǰչǰ಻סȥĮȥʰͷòײűɸѹ
ˣֹ죬ҹӵʱͻȻӵ˽ӵһ绰Ӹ˵ĮǱжˣӾסСĵ˳ȻһɽǽķȥڵѾиֹȥˣǸϽȥһƣʰĮõĻᡣ
Ϣ֮˷ܲѣȻɺͰչкһ˷׷ʰ׵㰴սӸ˵һֱַӴ򳵳Ǳ߶ȥ
ǿҲҪһߣ˵ʵǿջָһЩȥʲôʧȥģҪȥҲš
˱ݣһֱӴһŽ˵Ǹطȥ
ҲˣסСùݱɽǵĽŽ˵ǸطԶԼСʱ֮Ǿ͸ϵǸطһͣ£Ǹһ³һ˺ݵ˳˹СʵһǾү
ҾǡӦһ
һ˵ЩĳܿһۣȻ뵽һƫƧĽ䡣
ߵǽ֮˳һ֣˵СڽܼҷԸˣרŶĮģλү
λֵˣ˵Įɣأֱӿżɽʵ
Į賿͵͵Ĵסĵط˳Ȼһߵͣľһ·ϻ˺ü˳֮󣬾ͳǰһǨ˹ȥȻһƵ¥棬սȥûжãǱ߻ֵڶţڸʲô˼棬үһô˿˵
ˣûʲô¶ˣǿ뿪Ҳأˡҵ
õľүǾΧţһʮˣǺ֣ľˣǾܲˡ˵
ӦһȻɺͰչǸǨһ·Ϣ˹ȥߵǸǨûãڽ֣ҲڵˣûжԣֻǸָָĮһ¥档
ǰ׿ĵطһĴ¥ԼʮߣȻǸڵ˸ĸָͷʾ¥
ҵ˵ͷȻ˳ǶĴ¥˽ȥ
һ¥ʱϢָ˰չһԴϣ㳯¥˹ȥ
ɺǿǾһ¥׵㣬Įĺ·
ķӣܵĹǿ廹ûȫָֻš
ҺͰչŵĳ¥ȥ
ᣬһҲ
֮ҺͰչ͵¥¥¥мʱ򣬾С˵ʲô
ҵſţԲûóȻ߹ȥðչԭԵȴƬ̣¥սǵĵطĵ¶һֻ۾Ǳ߿ȥ
¹⣬ҿһſվˡ
¹ȻǺҺܿϳվſڵˡ
Ůˣ֮ǰмŮѪߴŵŮֻǴʱŮ˲װ磬ͨŮӵװ޳ҲŮ
һǣҶʱ˹ԭĮǹѪӻģҲ˵ҵпѪӳ⡣
ҲҶŮ˿ֻǿһۣܿջĿ⣬ȥָչغϡ


1749 ؽ̸
չѯʵĿ⿴һۣ˼ҪҪ֡
Ұ˰֣ʾҪ
鷳ˣûĮѪӣһصѪկϵĵӣһƶ֮ʮ֣֪ЩѲһ֣пܻݾߡ
ҲȷطѪӺĮԼŮ֮⻹ʲôˣһԷиڣһȥͶˣ
һΣѪӳֵʱ߿ǸͰ׻λϣһڣǶǺһġ
Ƭ̣ʾչǧҪŪʲô죬̽̽ϸǵ˵ʲô⿴ﻹûˡ
չסǣҵ˵ͷ˴˶˶䣬ﴫĶ
˵СҲʮ־ġ
ҺͰչϸһҲûʲôŵ
ͻȻ䣬ҼǱϴϼһСٲϣ֮ǰҲһԣһֱûóҵ˻ᡣ
ǺǰٲϵֶΣ߶˶䣬һεϸȥ
һΣһЩ˽̸
˵Ѫӣ鷳ˣɽȥ˱ץ˻ǾɽɽſڣͻȻһֱ֣ӽˣϴԣǸʮǰϹϵµһ֣˽ģĸүֻ˼У㽫ɽϸˣ⡭Ҳ̫һЩ֮󣬹ҵ鷳Ҳ֪Ǹˣгرɱ飬Сĸô찡
ӦĮģЩ࣬ĵĲС
㵣ʲôĵˮ¶㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪أΨһ֪ˣҲ㶯ֽţ˶ϻɢϻɢʦõ涾ʲô˶鲻ϵղŲ˵Ѿ𣿡ŴѪϤ
Ѫӣһ򣬾һǽƻĺܣԴ֪˴ɽȻ֮ҵľһֱϰµģòȣ̫ˣôŪҸӴǸˣ϶Ȼģһ鵽ͷұɡѪӣϾԵô꣬Ҳ˺ܶ飬ҪϺú˵˵һѪկɣֵµӣʵǹȥˣЩ죬ŶҳĮЩ̻Ȼ˵
УѪӶȻܾѪկһֱ㣬òײɽص鳤λô˵߾ߣﻹҪ̽һЩϢʱ̼ලصĶټһʱ䣬ܶǱѾ˼ƻһЩһƻʵʩͿ뿪ˡ
Ѫӣĺ°⼸ζεɱңҾǾ簲뿪ĺãʵǹȥˡĮֵ
ĶôˣؼʱӲɣ㲻ҲУǸһѪկʦ㣬֪˼ҵֶεġѪ˵
⻰һڣĮʱˣ϶ǱסˣһŵѪӡģһúøɣɵðڳǰԼ䡣
ʱѪӺĮļֵģֻҪɵĺãǲģҲõСҲһֱҪǾ͸ˣʱҴŰ׻䳤һֱŪǸүҲ̫ģͷȻȴҲûдﵽֲսʤĵزʦڵΪƱĶ֣ʱټϰ׻λϣѹƵġһֱһصԣȹһʱ䣬ܶأһ±ȻҪҳײ
Ǿòˣֻǲ֪ܶɶʱذĮͻȻʵ
ҵͻȻǺ˵ǰյ飬ұ˶ٴϸ©һ֡
ȻѪȴʮ־裬˵ʵĲҪʣ¹һصˣЩҲֻжš
ǡ֪ˡĮֵ
ˣڸϽȥɣ¶ʲôţԺûʲôҪ飬ҪϵҡѪֵ
ĮӦһȻұǱߴ˽Ų
һһ֣âէ֣긡֮չܿҵ˼Ҳǰ𾫳С
ͬʱһСȸϢķ˳һһһϣȡǼȫŵ


1750 
ͨҰٲϵֶΣܹȫȷһ飬¥ĳ֮УֻѪӺĮˣûĸڡ
ĮѪ֮⣬ǸſڻˣѪӵ£ʮĹŮ
ҺͰչȣȻ¥»жصɺǿܸڵʮ֡
֮£ҪǼ˲ʲô̫ѵ顣
ԣ˵Ҫ뿪ʱк˰չʾһ϶֣Į϶Ҫһڵġ
˵ĹǱ߱㴫˽Ųǳ¥ݿ˹ҺͰչ¥ϣֳųȴһĿ
¹֮£ȿһӰӳˣҶ׵ľ룬һֱ̣һȥƾֱǰһ
һûпˣűһҽУĮġ
ȻͿĮŲѪĸ첲˼
ĮСܹ쵽ɽص鳤λãҲЩֶεģһұԽˣûл֮СΣͷǶһ£ԣ⽣ֻǴ̵ļϡ
һҽ֮Įż˼ʱŮͻȻǰĮǰ棬Ѫ˶֮ҲٵĴ
⡭ĮѪֹļһ㵵Ŀң֮ɫԸӡ
ղ˵żجζε׷ɱºˣγ棬ҹˣСܲ˵ô
ʵϲģΪһƤߣеĽǶһ޶ģ⽣óһ۾ϳҡ
ңĮ鳤Ǻþûǧ㣬û뵽Įںң⼸죬ϾڵңԾ͹ơٺ١˵
ĮѾŵĻڷˣɫһƬ԰ף죬˵ҡҡ
СѾŵĲ֪˵ʲôˣʱѪͻȻǰһĮǰ棬˵СӵӲС˵׷ɱ쾹Ȼ¶棬ϴˣңþ㡣
ϣҲǷͷϴμ˭ҴһҪڹ϶䳤Ϻʹè׻㣬ôͷݶϸˣ˼үǰԲѡ
ѪӴΪմڹկʱ򣬲ô˵ҲǴӻϪӵоȹһСӷǶ𱨣ݺңҪأСֱҸˣ
£ǳ˼棬ۺ죬δ䣬Ѫӱ㳯һƬƳҶ֣չѾͦǰеĻ𾫳һŻЩƳȥ
ǻ𾫳ĻɫĻ棬ʱЩƳյž죬һѻҽ׷˵ϣû뵽ǣѪڷųһƬƳ֮󣬾Ȼתһ˽ȥĮŮʱҲתȥ
ܵͬʱŮϴ˹Ƴ棬OO@@ĳҺͰչ˹
ҺͰչǰ׷ȥЩƳĴɵΪǶ֪һǸǧƣ̫ôˣƳҧһڣƶöġ
һƬ̣ͻȻǰһɺɷӵƮ˹ȥЩƳȫˣȻСֱ׷˽ȥ
ҺͰչ׷Ǹʱ򣬾ѵ죬Ǽֱƴ¥ȥ
һ˵¥ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣҲ㲻ʲôҺͰչûƬ̵ͣЪҲӴȥ
ӻûأ洫˴϶ɺǿסǡ
գۼĹǱ˵ϣĹһɺǿˣסѪӣǿסĮҲǸոս֡
ŮӦһл㾦㳯Ǵ˹ȥŮӲֲһУ׷׳ܣһɫĹһǽϣֱӽǽ˺ôһ
ɶԸѪȻǳֱ֣֮ɵߣסѪӣȥʰŮһͬסѪӵĻСȣһɺɷסѪӵȥ·ͬʱĹƳ棬ֻҪйƳ߶ʲôĴϳȫܹ⡣
ǲ¹ƶģûֻѡ
չΪѾܲˣԸ첲˵ĮȫûѹɺǿʰŮӦҲûʲô⡣
Ŀǰֻսپ뽫ѲѪӸ£˱㲻Ѵ֮Ѫӵȷ̫öԸ


1751 ǭ¿
ѪҲû뵽¥滹ǵˣӸһأͲɺǿ͵Ϯˡ
һǵ·סˣܶܲ
˿̣СȾͻһɺɷҺѪӵΧʱ̷ѪʲôƶҿѪӵĲʲôɢһɻֺ֮СһʱҲҽ
סѪ֮΢΢һЦ˵Ѫӣôż߰Ҳþûˣ飬һҵ¶ǻû˵ء
үûգ㲻ҪΪ㣬ʶĸϽѪŭ
үģǾͱȻȻ˵ţеĳһһɫֱѪٴδ˹ȥѪ˼Ҳе˳˳ӳһһΣ㿪һɫĹеĳһ߷˳ֱҵĲӺСſҧ˹
߿϶ǲĳ֮Уɫʰ쵣һǾ綾֮ȥֻöٰ˲ֶΣҲһ˹ȥӻûվȣ߽žʹӵϵٴγ˹
ǳ߸ҾʱѪӽűתȥԶˡ
ԴһΣǽ֮г˿Ҳ˿־Ըƴ
ߣߵʵҲԶʤǱߣչɶɶһ棬Ǹɷֻʱϵ⣬ǿһ㣬ѪӲŶߡ
һﺦôң׷ĸһˣ֪ʲôʱԣұҪ׽ܹʳһЩյ
Ѫӽ߾ʱȱѾ׷ѪӶȥˣͣƬ̣ߣһתĹ򣬽֮ϱһŻ棬һĻ죬ʮ֮һûʩչ
һɫСʱеС߸ϯ˻֮У䡱һ⽹۵Ķ߱˵ϣ˲
ٴٰ˲һ
ѪСӵĺܿ죬һʱ䣬˾ͱԶ׷ȥʱǰͻȻֳ˴򶷵׷ȥһԭڵ˶סѪӵȥ·СһԸѪӡ
СȻк˼ս֮С
ұȥ֮󣬿Ѿɵһ۵شϲж˳
˵СȲôǣǸմҢѧ˲ٱ³
ʲôˣסӵȥ·ĲͷˣѪһ߸Ǽ˲һ߷߷ߵ˵
Ǽĸұ¶ԼڵˣǸ鷳ֻǲϵȥƴɱ
֮ǰ˵Χʮ֣һ̫ţǼ˾ȻܹסѪӣֶλС
һ¶ԽԽˡ
һԾһ֮㵽Ѫӵߣɽһ£ѪеȥӣʱѪӸһĵ˺ü
Ȼٴηɢ˿潫ѪӸΧסˡ
ҿһСȣʵȣôûʰ
Щί˵СŸ磬һŸɮӣȲҿ
ԭô¶Сϻһö
汰ɣȻҡѪӶݺݵ˵
ޣұɣѾô˼˵أСүһ㻹ͬ׻϶ң𱨣Ҷû˼˵㣬ѾĻ˵ңֺֺЦ˵
ҾƴһҲҪһƤѪûɶ˵ģͻȻһ־пٵĬһãСӹҪŴˡ
ųгǰһٴδ˹ȥ
ȻҸոձߣûϣžʹѪӵһʮŨɫ
һɢҴһȻٵʮ׿ľ롣
ڵЩҲ֪׷˳ȥ
ɫĶѪӵϲϵȻ󱻷һɢƮɣ˶űӳǱ߿ȥ
ɫĶ඼ɢ֮ұ㿴˴ʱѪӵĿѾǸˣһι״ĹǴŧ滹һβͣһѪ졣
ſڵϣһ˫ͭƵĴ۾ҿ˹ŹֵĽ
ʱѪӣҺܿ׹ڸʲôˡ
ڹկԸϪӵʱùһУơ
ûϼУѪӾͱұƵķųɱﵣЩǭ¿ˡ


1752 Ͼɱ
ѪӻΪƣΪһŧͣıѿŨ䣬罦ΧĲľ֮ϣʱЩľʴð˰̡
ȥⶾԹҵİ
˹ƵѪӣα˴˺ü˫۾̹⣬ֱĳҿ˹Ȼλζĳ˹
ΧǼڵһѪһ˱ģ׷ŵɫ䣬ȥͬʱ߿
Ҳź˼սһ½꣬ȻڵǼ˵ûʲô¶ˣϽ߰ɡ
Ǽڵ˵ʱɴ⣬׷׳һ֣Ȼٵȥ
ǾǸĮģҵˣѾɣﶪ
ڵЩһߣǻΪƵѪͻȻһſڣһڶҺ߶ˣȻ黯һշ䣬ϣҵǰһڶҺ֮ϣоˮͨˮһۣʱһɸỊ̇˲߽⡣
ȥôͣ
ţѪٴοٵĳұ߶˲ľ֮õϿ˻ĲҪס
ƵǣЩĲ֮һƵϣܿͱʴˣ𵽵ò󣬶ʱѪѾ˵ڶڶҺ
һǾ綾Ĵһ˴̵Ĵ⬣ɭ֮Ҳ¿ڡ
һʱ䣬ҾȻҲʲôӦ֮
ֻʱٰ˲ֶΣѪĶҺ
Һܿ뵽һ취ֱӽʦִǬ˱˳ѪӵķͶ˹ȥʦһأŵѪӵĽŲһ٣˵
ʦ˯ԵɵɣͻȻǰôһҲһ˼˺ĽȻ󡰺䡱һҲһ˿̵Ķʦֻðڣ۸ͷһҲѷɫǰѪӡ
ѪӸʦֶ۵С۶ȻѪһſڣͳŶʦٴһڶҺʦվûжΪǶҺûڶʦֵϣȫûˡ
Ȼ󣬱㷢Щ޷ܵһĻǻΪƵѪֱӵת˷򣬳ʦ෴ĵط񱼶ȥ
һ޴ͣǲʦֽһſھһԪ׷ѪӾȥˡ
ѪҲǹߵģΪΪұκβǻðĶʦֺרſûа취ֻתˡ
ѪתܵʱߵٴηɫƮѪӵǰ棬ʮסѪӵȥ·
Ѫֻ˼Щһ·˹ȥЩҲǳصģеĴ󵶳ìѪһͨкŨĽȻˡ
ʦֽ׷ᣬк׷ȥʮٰ˲ұ㵲Ѫӵǰ棬ȻͭǮ˳ͭǮɣǧٵͭǮͳͳѪӴ˹ȥ
ΪƵѪӹȻбףΪ֮α㲻һҲ÷
ôͭǮȻѹ˹ȥΪƵѪӶʱı˷ҪһӴܣǱͭǮӣ۵ķһҺڵϷ
ʦϵٴγһԪѪĹͻȻС˺ָܶ࣬ԭӣ͵عһȦȥԪȻӶʦֵһٴαӶȥ
ֻʱѪȻˣȥ˺ܶࡣ
ٴμٰ˲׷ɱһȥѪӲò˳Ҷƴ˼ǣһߴһĵҪԱӸϾɱֻҪηңұ֤ѪկԺ󶼲鷳
СˣѾֵˣѪӣͶұ֤ɱ㣡һ߿ٵĻŽ꣬һ߳˵
Ͷûţɱңʦһ˵ģںڻüСֿʼвˡ
ѾһصˣٵһҲν
ҳѪ˼ؽѪĵֵסʱҴˣôʱһٰ˲ӵһ࣬һƳ˹ȥ
ҴȥһƣǶȼΪ꣬ѪӸûзӦ㱻һĵĵ˳ȥ³һѪѪӵӸһأѾߣһлɢ˳һӶһܿ˻ȥɥʧһз
Ҳھɱдá


1753 ȫ׽
Ѫ̱ڵأվ˼ζʧˣȻһֵĿҵʲôôܶˡ
еĽָѪӵʺĵ棬΢΢Ц˵ѪӣʲôûУ˵ãҲˡ
ѪŵĻһæֵү֣㲻ɱңݺܶԸ飬Ҹԩ޳ûҪ˼Ұɣұ֤ԺǰʧҲҸүΪѡ
ѵ˵Ще𣿡ʵ
Ѫ֪ͷϵļһ鴤ˡ
ɱѪӵʱдãҲ£ϾǱ߰չǵҲ֪ûнչԸĮûʲô˵ģĵŮɺǿԿ
£һסɥʧ֮Ѫӵӣȹȥ֧Ԯչǡ
ֽʦָк˹һѽѪӳŶʦֶ˹ȥѪһðĶʦ֣ŵ˿ӣΪǴ㽫ˣ󺰴һܿ˶ʦֵĺϣȴֶʦϵĻ沢ûнţһĲ˼顣
ȻҲ˶ʦֵĺϣʹŶʦֳŰչǵķ򼲱ȥ
ʦٶһ㣬ӣǱĴ¥ԱߣǱߵƴѾӽβչеĻ𾫳ƵĮˣȻֱһԾѣĮߣҺͰչǰл֮ڣ㽫ĮڵأȻһлɢΪ˵
Į֮ǰѪӵ̸Ƕ˶Ҳ˵ɶûãס֮һſ˵һ
Ǳߵ࣬óֱ֣ӷųͭǸǧŮҪǸԹĺˮһһŮѲãҲӲ
ұǰб㽫ǹŮҲʰˣлɢ鷭˹ȥ
ȽǶ֮ͻȻһ⣬Ⱥǿ
ҽǼ˶£һȻɵȺǿأ
ǹŮˣǿ׷˹ȥСȹȥæˣӦûɶ⣬ǵһ˾ʹˡ˵
һЩģðչǼҹȥơ
ȸ֮һЩ΢Ӧһ£ֻҪ벻̫ԶҶܸоʲôλѭȵټ֮ұҵȡ
ֻȥЩ⣬ǿѾ˵ϣʹİǸŮҲ˵ϣȱվǹŮǰŭ˵κλ壬ҪȻҪŶ
ǹŮƺôȵвȻڵʹ֣ȴôȡ
ѾͷҲ̫ɰһЩв˶ûʲôŶŻˣɵӲŻẦ¡
ЩǸкܸߵĹ
ˣæ˹ȥǹŮϣ˵ӣһ㲻۸ŮˣҪҵѲҿɾûôˣѪӶѾҸˣҲʵʵɡ
ǹŮϵɷ֣˺ʹ֣ԼҲҸˣʱֳ˾֮ɫʹ˵ҪҪҸǸ˽ƿԣҪҼˡ
ͷ˻ӲҲ֪ѪǼһŮ˹ʲôԻĹղѪӿΪֱӽ¾ˣһϧ֮鶼ûС
һͷһڵϵǿĿڣϵѪɼ˹Ƶļ󣬿Ҫٲǿƣ׶༪ˡ
£Ұһᣬýסӵؿڣŭ˵һΣ㵽׸ƣ
⣬ҼҹӸˡǹŮһ˫۾Ȼ
ȥԸŮûʲô̫õİ취޼ƿʩ֮£ұŻȥ˵
Ǻұ㽫ʦֽ˹ý˹Ƶǿ˶ʦֵĺ󱳣Ҳ£ǿӣҲйƣǶʦȫõ⣬ʲôƣҲ벻
ҽŮ鷭ֱ֮һַǶĴ¥Աߡ
һȥ֮󣬰չʹ಻ѵǿ֮󣬺ܿ˹С˹ƣⶼ
ǿС壬ոջָһЩľסڡ
ҽǹŮ˵ϣѪӵ˶һǴˣܹĸˣȫǸ׽ˡ
ٴߵ¹ƵĹŮߣʵôڿԽ˰ɣ


1754 ɽ
ǹŮһ㶣֪ʲô˼ղ˵ƣѵѪӱ׽Ҫ
Ҹղ˵ˣֻҪǼҹӣұǸ˽ƣҪȻǴơǹŮ׺ݵ˵
һЦ˵ǾҲ۸Ůˣ۸ǰɣǺܺãб¾ͱ⣬ʱɱڡ
˵ţұ㽫ѪӸһ˳óһذף˵ֱѪӵؿڣһذȥ۵ѪӷһҺ
Ůʱɫ䣬ֶǵ˵ӡ
ܹĳŮʮֵѪӵİΣüٵġ
ĸ˶лɢܵƣȫ׵ĸôöС
ҵصУҡ
Ůı֣ʮֵ⣬ұ㽫ذ״Ѫӵؿڰ˳ʱѪɽһ׶Զ
ѪӵӶ˵ɱңʦϿ϶Ĺġ
ѪӣʦŻң˭һûиʦұǣҸүֲǰ衣һһ
ұٴοǸǿ¹ƵĹŮЦ˵ӣأԲøֵܽƣҾɱǵӣԲģȻֵܻˣǾѪӸɡ
һΣҽذֱӶ׼ѪλãƾҪȥ
ѪŻˣæ˵ү𡭡ɱҡ
ŮҲŵĲᣬǸǿ¹ƵŮ򾪻ŵɱҼҹӣҸƣнҩ·ȥǡ
ⲻˣóҲݶ˵ţұ㽫ѪӶ˵ϣչȥǸŮѳ˽ҩŮҩι˸ǿȥ
һУһǸɽѧģҵвһһҵİΣֻþͷ
о仰˵ĺãңǶԷûɱģһҵЦŮѪӸĹǸҸҶġ
˿̣ǵǵУŮҲˣʲôУȻǿҩ֮󣬺ܿͻָӵߵҵߣһ˵СŸ磬лղŴȣҸղŰˡ
ģڲö˶˵ôϵƻûлָ͸ڱЪŲǣҲΪˡ
ĸ˶֮󣬰չСŸ磬˵ز˾˵һص˻ҹǸô죿Щ˶ɱô
С˵ǣطȷܾȻѪӳ˵һصǱҪ뿪С
ҪȻǰѺ͵ϳǣսܰСŸɣȫչ
ҡҡͷ˵Сţҵһ㣬С׵İ취ҪãһΣԣ֪ϲˣ
ҺͰչ˵ӣ֪İ취׼У˵
ҪȻѺǼֱȥɽɣ֤֤ȫУɽȫ˵Ժɽ㲻鷳ˣǻܼһݶ飬ΪҵסôʱΪɱ׷ɱôã϶Ҳ֮ģҲ֪ϴүɽн˻ɽ澡ʧȥҲǸɽϵҪô⣬߽ҪǽѣУǵĹϵˣصǱȻ㲻Ϊ㡣ɷ
⵹ǲֱӣܽһ鷳Ͱ˵İˡҸ˵
ɫһЩǵ˵ֻǡʬ黹鷳ɽ̫ԵһȥҪǲжĻҪϵʬ鷳ˡ
ҾòᣬûǸӣҼҸүˣǸҶʬ˼ү϶ҪȥɡҶȻ
Ȼ˵ҪСһЩΪȻÿУͶ߰ɡٴζ
Ϊҹζ࣬ٴθӴһ绰ȥһƽ˵鶼㶨ˣӹһЦ˵Ҿ֪үͣһ϶һƽүɻʲôԸ
׼һ񳵣Ҫȥɽһˡҵ
ӳƬ̣ܿ˹˵үҪɽʾãⲻ̫ķ񰡣
û취ڽƮʱ򲻵òһ£Ц
ҲһЦ˵ˣԵƬ̣Ϲȥǡ


1755 
Ӱ¶صڵĽû˵绰ȥ֮˲ʮӵĹ⾰гӿǨ¥Աߣһܴķʮ˵֣һʮĺӣһǾүүĺţǽѪӵȫƵ˳ϣȻ費Ҫ˾Ըֱ͵ɽ
Ȼ˿ǼҲ͵УǱǺӿ˳Ǽȫ˷֮С
ǾģҺͰչһ࣬Ѫӵˡ
Ǽ˿̱׽һ˪ӣ˰ġ
һΣҲû뵽һջ񣬱׽סĮģѪҲ׽ˣʼٸߣѪӴɽһоܹ˵ˡ
Ǽ˵УΪ򶨵ĻĮԴصԵ֮϶뵽Լôһ죬ôʱգһյ㣬Į˵һѡ
ڽ͵ɽ֮ǰȻкܶҪǡ
ȣҿĮʵ鳤һʼҽʱ򣬻Ͻܸҵģû뵽صôڿɻʲôҪ˵ġ
Į̾Ϣһ˵ĸо˵үûģʵڶ㶯֮ǰҾѾԤϵԼĴûа취ֻЩ꣬Ҳڽ飬ɱʬ֣նɱȸϣǶǵĺˮʥ飬㶼ܹų˵㲢ǸǵҲۼʶʬնɱľ˼ܣСĽй֮ĮԩֻԤеĶҪ졣
ܺãҺϲϵ̬ȣһ·ϣұ֤Ϊ㣬ղҲ˵ˣҪ͵ɽ䣬ɽôǣǾ͹ܲˡҵ
ĮЩ֣̿ͷӿһ£үܲܲҪ͵ɽ͵صҲУɽҲжţֱˣҲԵõѣÿ߲Уүһʹġ
ɽص鵹ʴ࣬ǽ˹ѺһӲó뻹ţǵɽǿɾͲ˵ˡ
ʵҪ벻ɽҲϾҴȥģҲܹ϶Ҳ֪үүʲôģҲһ仰飬ЩҪ㣬ʵʵĻشҪȻҿǰĪˡ΢Ц˵
˵Įƺǿһ˿ϣæֵүֻҪ͵ɽ䣬ʲôⶼԣ֪ȫ˵
Į˵⻰ʱѪӵͻȻĮϣ۾һУԵΪ׺ݡ
ĮҲע⵽ѪӵĿ⣬ЩѪӶӡ
ʲôŲҽӸ۳ҷչǳһѪӡ
ѪһǶĮвʾҪ˵
ȴɲˡ
һ£ҽ˵ɱ֮󣬺ܿص˽뵽飬һ˶лĸ֣ҪĻǸйȴһ϶ûȥֻתɣĻģ
˻һڣĮһ£ЩɣѪһۣƺЩɵܿջĿ⡣
ҼŲ˵˼ֵ˵
Įһ˵үʵʱִ֮ıһƣ׵Ľľˣԣ͵ҽԺ֮ȻһҲûоȻҵǵĶ·Լ·Ǳ㽫ϵһ֮УǿҲš
Įôĵӣ㲻˵ѾĻǴĻɢ㾹ȻƭңѪһ¾ͱˣݺݵ˵
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һӡܿ㸡Ѫӵϣһǿģ˦һ֮ǿûģұ죡
ҲǿСƢҲͦģһƴϲ
ѪӴ˿ǻƽٴҲʩչһҲֻܰţСӻǵǿһۣŵͷȥ
ĮĲϽǿקνһֳ˴һմȾ඼ƷֶŻò꣬һ
Ҵ߶ϸһо֮зӡһ꣬ͦǿģӦþ
뽫ų͸͸һ񷳣Ҳˡ
һ壬Ѿ겻κεĻˣΪǽĻɢֱӸһ޶֤
ĮСӣҹûпĻеĻҪԼ·
ܹҲǾԼһɽ˿ϣ㲻̫Ϊ
еǿɴн˹ϸһ£˵ͷ˵иǿ꣬Ӧþˡ
ȻЦŽ񻹸ңȥɽֶһ룬ƾҽȥһ飬ɽƽ̻˱ҪҸж¡
ٴοĮ޵ĺܺãһ⣬ɽǣ׻жһصǱһص᲻ʲôĶ
Įһۣλشĺܸɴ࣬˵үЩͲ֪ˣһֱҸѪӵϵܶʲôּ𲻻֪ģֻǰصһöӣһصʲô紵ݶͨ籨ţȻǵжڱ治֪
Į񣬲˵ѵӣȻұʵ鳤ǲһصص˻ٰ㻹֪֪ʲôˣ
ĮһӣŵӦв٣Ҳ֪˭һص֯ܣȼɭϣСɫû̫ȨҲ״
ϾֵձǲҲǵˣٴʵ
ĮŴͣЩ˼˵⡭ôܣձ嶼ϾֳֵܾˣǼǮƣûͶһصĿܣү˰ɣ
ôһ˵Ҳôһ¶ձΪϾֵĿӣ³۰һۺҪɱɶͶһصȷЩ̫ܡ
Ҳ˵׼ǼХ컹Ǽһص
¶Ҳ鳤лϣģһᾡȡɽ͸ص鴦õģܼһɽô˵Ӧ֪ɣ
֪֪СлүˡĮм˵

ѪӼĮˣһ䡣
㣬ҵĿѪӵϣ΢΢һЦ¶һڴ˵Ѫӣ鳤ǱߵҶˣǲҲ˵ʲô
ѪӿҵЦݣŵĻһ˵ĮѸ˵Ĳ˵ȫ㣬֪Ҳ٣Ҳˣûɶ˵ġ
ҿûô򵥣û鳤һóһͷʱڵġҳ
Ǻðɣ֪ʲô֪ĶˡѪӵ
ǸղŵǸ⣬ɽǵжǱҪʲôʵ
ɽǾҺãûڣ˵ĻҲСѪӵ
ϴΪɱңһص׻䳤϶ˣһֻǵΪɱң϶Ŀģǲǣʵ
ǽӵܶλϹΪɱģﻹʲôĿģˡѪֵ
СŸ磬СһʵҿԵͷɡչ
С˵Ĳ˵ѣϷܹġҲ
ѽѪӣ㲻ϣǾͲҪඡ˵ţһסѪӵ°ͣѦСƵľתιǵֱ
ѪӶʱ󾪣æ㲻Ҫ̫ɱ˲ͷأ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҳԵʲô
żһ֪ˡ
⻰û˵꣬ѪӾͱɫݺܿŤȻ˵ϡ
лɢ˵ƵˣΪȫסһۣһûС
תιǵȥ֮ʵǳܹܵġ
ҵʹܹ˵ǱѪӾ͵˵ϣĺ͹һֱӾͷɱĲҺ
ӡӡСŮѪˣʱĴᶼ
û뵽ѪôûҩЧոշ۳ģ
һŵӹˣûôԹͷ
Ѫҽ˰ӣ۵ǸӿﶼܣһԵĮųһŵĺӦڰҸղԼϣҪȻڵϲҽеľˡ
ҲһӲʱ䣬ѪӱĵͣϿͣʲô˵
ҴһָҩЧܿȥĹѪǴˮ̳һ㣬жˡ
ϢƬ̣ѪӱɽǡҴѪկĶʮ£ڰһլţûлȥǿ϶ˡ
ǰ׻ʲôıҵ
ǡҪ͵ϮɽѪӵ
һ˶𾪲ѣһըԵϢ
һԵǿʱͲסˣվһѾסѪӵӣɽж츣أػôܽȥ
ѪӲЦһ˵һ裬ΪɽʵҲһصˡ
˭ڼ飡ǿ
Ҳ֪ǰ׻ϰߣֻа׻һ֪
ҿɣɵ˵ͷ˼˵Ѫûѡ
¶ɾʹˣɽҲǻĵĶţһصˣȻĻ̻̣¶Ҫ֪ͨɽǱ߲źá
ʵȻҪΧɽʦϿ϶Ҳˣǲǣ
ѪӲÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵ʦ϶ˣԣǷңҪ֪Уʦ϶ҵģʱĺܲҡ
ʱˣѪӻвҡ
ûȻʳΪĵһ⣺սʬ֮󣬾ںδ
Ҳֻ֪֪ܶ棬ʹһܶʲôطҶ֪Ѫֵ
㻹ǲʵ
˵ţٴһ֣ǾתιǵҩЧַˣ۵ѪشٴΰһΣӣѪҲû˵ȻȻͻ˹ȥֻþͣ
յСӵȷǲ֪
ҿɣø⡣
ɳƬ̣˵϶Ҫɽ˵һµģȻѪѾǸסˣǼǱ߿϶зƻȻȡ֮ҪɽǱߵڼ˭ҪȻȻΪ
һ£ֵˣѪɽǵЩˣ֪ͨһصˣȫ¡
һ£սһ绰ȥϵɽǸص˹ȡʰѪЩˡ
ǿҲѾȲĸչֻɽһ绰ȥ
һƣɽȻڶ츣֮Уôܻյֻźأ


1756 ûȨ
ǿæ˺һŴ˵绰ʱһظһ㡣
ŸҽΪʲôܹ绰ϵɽΪɽЩŵӾɽ֮ϣҲͨοͶȥǸɽǱܹͨ绰ȻЩŵ֪ͨɽ츣ޣǵõЩϢת˹ȥ
ĵĶŲ࣬츣Ҳ٣϶ɸηˣǸϵķʽܹͬϵϵġ
ǿǵɽƽ̵׼ҵӣҲΪһӣʮܹõɽΡ
ϢתɽƾҪĻ̻ˡ
ʵ˵Ϣȥ֮ʵҲûжôѪǵУǵļƻƾҪˡ
Ҳ֪ͨս壬֪Ѫӵһɽǲڣսȥһ򾡣һ
Դˣսʮֵӣ˵ϾϵɽΧص飬Щ˸ȫ¡
ĮɽصЩ鷳ˣϾĮһֱƿأ֪ûһصԵУֻϵɽΧص֧Ԯй¶˷
һæһϣҲЩƣ
ѪӺĮܹѹեĶҲô࣬תιǵĿźѪӦòʲôˡ
ĿռܴڷĶϻһẈ̂ǿЩұһȥϢѪӵҺͰչһء
Ҳʻɽǣڵڶʱ򣬱ɵɽĽ¡
һֱͣһص֪ǷѪӣ׷Ҳˡ
ǳʲôʣһһѪӵһЩлɢҲźͰչǵĶ棬Ŀһ
ֻҸոձ۾ûжãջһѪͻȻẰһ
۾Ѫӣʵ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
Ѫ̱ϣҵһȽףһϲġ
ŶʲôҺ
ֻҪңȽǾˣұ֤̻صϹѪկһӲ̤뻪İ벽㿴ΣѪֵ
⼤ҵĺģűǺð㲻˵ҾúʣҲ޷Ѫǵһ˿΢ЦȻͿһԵİչ˵ֻһ˵ܻܲرһ£
Ҳ֪Ѫʲô˿ǶлɢţҾӦˣʲôгǱ㿴һߵİչ˵СףȥʻһҸѪġ
չѪһۣЩĵ˵СŸ磬СӲˣʲôıɣ
£һܱ˲ɣЦ
ǺãСһ󣬰չվӣѪһۣ뿪˳ţ˸ʻŸˡ
Ȱչ뿪֮յѪӵߣʵ˵˵ɣʲôף
ѪǵһĨЦݣߵŮʵߵŮɫΣ
һʣҲЩƣСôˡ
˵ѪߵŮû˵òȣʮ־£ȥʮֵ崿ˣҲ֪ѪӴԼصŮˡ
ɶֱ˵ӣҿû¡ЩƵ˵
Ѫȷǲģֱֵ˵ǣŮɫΣǺǰ
ֿһŮ˿ŮҲͰ͵Ŀңۺﲨˮϸ֪һϸͦƯġ
ɫȻǲС޸ǳҵ
ѪͻȻٺһЦ˵Ůڰϴ˴޹ģһû˲ٹǣ̻ǺҪ˵Ưǿ϶㲻ϣȵߵǸճµǲһЩ˵Ĺȥ
ѪҵĪľʹʹһ£ʱЩõ˵㵽˵ɶ
Ѫֵүż˵Ů֮ΪҸ˹ƣǰ˳ǸʲôǾ͸ʲôԵҳϣЩʱĵ̣Ҳѧ˲ٶǷ桭ٺ٣ˬķүϲĻҿԽŮĿȨ㣬ԺǾˣԣֻҪүҷˣͽǵĹ㡣
˵ŮΪʲôѪҳϣԭ˹ƵԵʣ˵ҲŮӣѾģѪǸĵ鶼ĳǺһӡ


1757 ѪԼ
һΪѪӻʲôصһԭĳ뾹ȻŮӡ
һʼŮʱΪѪկˣѪĹǸѪΪŰڲ׹ԭҲܺߡ
˿һҪŮѪӵԴɽ뿪ʱ򣬽ŮҲţȻһʱǧƽѪϵĹƸˣ֮
ҲΨһܹˡ
ҿһѪӣСӻڳƤЦĵЦţүһܻźһӵС˶ֶΪأֻҪңҷѪģ֤ԺҲԣҲԶڻĿңве仰
žѪӰѻ˵꣬һƾͳϣѪӵ϶ʱֳӡӣӽҲˤ˵ϣ۵ѪڵϺĽš
һ֮ѪӲŵ㵽ʲô˼Һû˸㣬㾹Ȼңǹҧʶġ
ţұ㽫ѪӴӵһ֮£ѪӵĲϻһһСƷ̳˷ӵ󣬽ɫģɢһɷҵ͵ϢһⶫҶʱһ飬СȸѪƴʱһֱҽ˵иɮӣɫĶ˵ǸɮӣǸöĹҽĹǱ뿿֣һⱦҿɲѪӿһѾʹק䵱սƷ
ѪҽĸɮȡʱϱٴγЦ⣬˵үԭϲⶫȥǣһϹһӣʦɱ֮ջģϰٹ֣ҽŮ͸㣬ٻӣܸҪҷ˰ɡ
Ȼ䣬һ飬ŮѪµĹƣҺαȥһȥǽأǶһ١
ǣұѪӵϽϵĹƸˡ
Ѫһ㶣ͨˣҪŮ˵ĿȨ
ûȤֻҪϵĹƸ˱áҵ
вɣǽƶʲôôҪѹɱҲɡѪӵ
ҿƤˣղʹĸоûгҪҪһΣв
һ˵ǾתιǵѪӵɫʱ䣬æ𡭡ĥˣҸǽ⿪ǡ㻹Ͻ֣Ҵߴٵ
ҩҲܶôǽƣѪһƵ˵
ԥһ£Ǭ˱óһɢ޹ǣѪӵı棬һ¡
޹ǿԽֶܶлɢҲ˵ãҲûѪӶţֻǸһлɢҩԣˣʲôУСյĺܣҲò
⿪һлɢҩ֮ѪŻһ½ǣȻŮ˵˲ҪҪǽˡ
ŮȻǵ̸ȫ˶˿̶ѪҲǰ˳
ǣӡŮһѪӣ
վѪӵһ࣬ߵŮߣҧָŮüͷϻ˹Źֵķģһ߻һ˵ҸµѪƣҵѪӡǵ֮УѪҪԼѪ⣬Ǹ֮Լǲָܻʶ
Ҷڹƶ֮˽⣬ǧƵһڹƶ֮ҲôͨΪҪ˽⣬ǧ֮û֪ĹƣҲûǧƽⲻ˵Ĺơ
ŮĶͷϻ˷֮ѪĬһʼգҶһվţеĽֻ֮ҪˣʲôУҷַӾʹ
ֻҸоЩǵǣѪӸŮƵʱһֱڽĮȥЩЩŹ֣Ҳ֪Į˿ʲô
ܿ죬ҵĿͱŮӸ˹ȥѪӵŮͻȻ΢΢ƤϷ¶۰ףһƵġ
ֻƬ̣ŮͻָٷˣǵЩãȻɨһֶۣ̿ǵĿվߵѪϣ˲ɵþֵĴһ
ɴˣұ㿴˳ѪѾӽ˹ƣһлɢٴγѪ˹ȥѪһٴε˵ϡ
Ҫɱ㣬Ұ豨𣡡һŮ˳ѪӴһҪվֻҲлɢţ޷ж


1758 ½˫½
ԭѪƴӵƯӣѪӸǽѪ֮˵̬һһٰʮȵĴת䣬ѪӵĿ˳ޣӺ޲óȥѪӸһҧ
лɢţӲܶѪֱתͷȥǣһۣҲֻܸż
ܿ죬ӾͿڳϵңһЩֵ̿ʵ˭
ȻǾǵˣѪӸѪƣǽ⿪ġҵ
˵򣬼ʻҴչʵСŸ磬ҿԽ𣿡
Ӧһչ˽ֿ˰չһֲ̿ɫ
չһۣʵСŸ磬ûʲôɣ
ûһ˵ţչҵԱߣҲǡ
Ұ֮ǰѪӸҵĽ׼򵥵ĸչ˵һ飬չ֮󣬶ʱŭգ߹ȥ˦Ѫӣһ
ƣѪҲֻðţһ仰Ҳ˵˵һ䣬չСƢ϶Ҫӡ
ҸչĶԻŮҲ˶ǾԼ̫Եʰɣ˾ȻǱСĳ
˵ʵҲӿĺܣ֪ѪӴ߶ˣܾ裬ȴҪ˳ֱߵ
ѪӾûнǵ˿ղŸҽ׵ʱҲûаֵ֮ġ
ʹ಻ѣο˵λϹӣǲõģǲǻˣҪԸֻѪӣȵ˵طһᰲԼĹҵģֻʱίһˡ
ܹѪӵ̵Եʡ
û룬һ˵ͻȻ޵ĸˣʱЩ޴
׺ݵĶ۶£µľŮ˵ᣬһûС
Ƭ֮һʹ˵ǡҺѾûмˣѪӺģΪ˽ǽߣǵļȫɱˣǵĸĸ׻һܵܣȫɱˡء
Ѿģ硣Ҳ޺޵һ
ͬʱֿѪӣѪӵѾͷһˣȴЩ˵ǿʳҲֲң˭ôأþͱ۸
Цһ˵ˣҲУҲ̫ˣĵӦñ۸ôŪ㶼ǰɣ
ѪӶʱȻٴεͷȥ
ٴοӣʵ벻뱨أ
һ㶣ͬʱңȻصĵͷһ˵룬ζ롣
ǿԴһ٣ɣǲɱãˣ๼ڻʱǾÿҪеĻҾʱſǣȳֵ
ٴæĵͷ
ó޹ǣǱ˼£ܿ죬лɢҩԾͽ⿪ˡ
ֱ֮ܶѪӣ˵ϣһȭߣѪӰֹҽ
ҲǺ͸˴ˣҲѪӴڹ£Ҳͦݵģһֱ֣ͣѪӶûģˣѪһƬҺͰչȥ
ѪӽģƾⱲùһ죬ڵ
ǻҪпĿ϶ɽбӿֲڵȴ
֮ŮֿһչȰοһһŵ֪ӵȷǰϹˣס뻪ĽӵһϽָկկ˲࣬ǵ͵կ˵ҲǰˣǸӸһǽ㣬½˫ý½Ϊ˹ƵԵʣм䷢Ǵ඼ǵˡ
ֻǼǵĳһѪӴһ˵կȥˣկ˲ϣǾʹɱ䣬ɱկöˣʱӵĸĸ͵ܵܶѪӵ˸ɱˣѪӸȥм䵽׷ʲôһҲ벻
һ˵կķ飬ֿҲң˿˲֮ġ
ͬʱѪӵĺֱ˲١
Ҫ͵ɽдãͱǸж˿ˡ
æһϣҿһʱ䣬Ѿ賿ĵˣһʱɽ֪ɽ˷ʲôҪһԲϴǸ鷳¶ԣҪ񣬲һ
ӿ˺һŰȻѾָʶҲûٸлɢǶҲûʲô̫в


1759 йͻ
֪Ҿ֮󣬶ĵĸмʲôӺ֮ġ
ܿ죬ͰЩ룬۾չС
һ·˴ԼһСʱĹ⾰ͻȻоЩ򼱣չ֪һһȥˮչ˵ͷ˵ȥɣõġ
ڵ˾ͣ˳˳֮ұߵ˵·һĲݴ⿪ӷˮ
ȻոշˮûӳﴫһҽУһ
ҿʲô
³ӡ
֮͵һ϶ǳˣæųӵķһٰ˲˹ȥҸով˳Աߣѵű˴ӳ˳һɽ񱼶ȥ
ֻɨһۣܿͷֱ˳ߵĲǱˣѪӺĮ
ôܣǱлɢģѦСߵҩôܽأ
ҷӦһ˫Ȼ䳯ҵĲ˹һһԶ㿴ղҲӵĲǱˣеһǽ½˫ͣȴʮֵ׺ݣһǳ⡣
һ䣬½˫ʹӳ˳˹½½˫һģˡ
СסСףﴫɾֵ
֪ǰչ˸ˡ
Ӳʱ䣬澿ʲô
һͷһʱЩң֪øʲôˡ
ȥ׷ѪӺĮأʰǰŮǳȥչױѪƳʲôˡ
ҲͣһӣҶ㿪½һˣȻǬ˱нСȺͶʦֶٻ˳
һұ˵ȣѪӺĮˣͶʦȥ׷ǣĻģҪ׷ûУ
ţİСŸ磬ܲģһ÷Բʮ֮ڵĹﵲסǵȥ·С˵ţкһʦ֣һѪӺĮȥķ׷˹ȥ
½˫½Ƿһסҵȥ·صĽţҰһˣ֪йˣ֪ûеþȣԲ֡
Ҷ˼£ӵעȻʹӳˣɺǿ·ס˰չֽţӳ̧˳
һҾ˹չ϶йˣǿɶӡ
СסСסѡɼ
չ硭ǿҲһԺ
һٰ˲ƿǽ˰չߣչ鴤ϺɫѪܲʼйƳ˺Ƥ˳
ô¶չôӣһչģҶʱˣæʵ
Ҳ֪Һϸ˯չҽһǾʹ˳չˣ˾Ѿɱˡǿ
ȥŮ취Ȱչҵ
ǿӦһ˽㳯Ҳ˹ƵŮӭȥ
ʱҲˣϵĺð˳˵ô졭ô졭չйˣϷҲһҲڣչӣƳŲסˡ
ҼһҧϻѦС߸ҵһЩƵҩѦСߵ棬ҲǸѦҽǴϽ֮ظҽѧֶΣЩҩܽƣҺɶֻʱҽˡ
ǺҽЩҩ˳һԵ˰չչѾʼ鴤۾ͣķףЩҩ˰չ֮ƺһЩãѾûгӴˣǳ鴤ͣ
Ҽͷ󺹣չûкùǱſͣذ׸ģԼѪ˰չҵѪٶ֣үѪĻ
ߣһǧһʱ䣬׹ƹҪҵʱ򣬻ǧƸҽĹƣͬʱ嶾Ҳ˵ҵѪҺ֮пǧƵһЩƵĶܹ°չ
ʵûа취ˣְֻܸ취һãչȲǱһѪկȥѪӸұʬΡ
ҵѪ˰չĿУ֮󣬰չֹͣ˳鴤Ҳ۾ûκһӦ
ɺҶŵĲᣬæ̽ıӴһ˵á˻ţƶʱѹȥһЩչѾ˿ȥ϶Ų
ҵ͵һүģǸʲô¶


1760 û
չߵ黹û꣬ͻȻǿһֵ˵СŸ硭쿴⵽ʲô
ҴӰչջĿ⣬ǿһĻҲǾĪǽ˵ﲻʰ쵵ķɶ˳ǿȥǿеĳϵĻ裬Ҳʵķɶ걻ն˵ϣֹƬ̣зɶǵɳǵҲƺܵ˸ʴƬƬķɶǵķɳܵķɶԽԽ࣬衣
ǿеĳ·ɣǽʹĳ뻯Ȼзɶ걻նڽ£Ȼ޷ֹɶԽԽͷ
ɿ̾Ϣһ˵Сţûˣǵͱ˹ƣ˿ǵЩƳȫҪΪЩƶϣһʹ죬˶ϣҲݶ
˵ֵĲ̣Ů˵Լ֮󣬾͸Щ²ȥˡ
կ˱Ѫɱ˲٣ĸֵҲ˶ոջָԼʶȴѪӸƳϣһ
˵Ҳǣܿ࣬һʹĺá
뵽һǿһ࣬ż˽꣬߶콣ǻһɫĻ¶γһ״ЩɶһȦЩɶʱɫĻյž죬ȫ˻ҽɫĻʹĽϣֻΧǷһȦʱ㻯򣬷ַԵ˵ϣҲһŷɻҡ
ŮӵʬջʱҵĴʹһ£ȭͷҲյĿ졣
ѪŮ϶ֽǿ϶ˣֽŵʱӦþǸŮѪԼʱҲֻǸʱſлᡣ
ѪԼ϶ǽ⿪ˣͬʱŮϵһֹƣ֮ǰĹƶܹǵգȫɶĹƶ֮
ڰЩڣΪʲôҪѪӸǽƣղѾ뵽ˣȥһһǧƸǽϵĹƶ⿪ˡ
ҶԹƶ֮һҲ˽⣬ȴѪӸǽƣжЩʲôֽţҸͿ˵ʱĮǸŹֵѾˣȴû
飬ǳұǾǣ뵽Ѫӻ񶾵زŮӵϷһ㣬ˡ
ˣ۵İչҲꡣ
ջЩɶŮ֮һЩҧгݵ˵ǿչͽˣһҪչ˺ȥȥͻأѪӸ׽ҲһƤ
ĺˣչһչ˺õģҪȻǿһȥҲУԼŰչû⣬סһҪѪӸ׽չƣΨһܾȻչˣٹһСʱչƾûˣɽ˵
ҵ˵ͷ˵ҾԲѪߵģűǡ
ΪԷһҽǿһסĸ첲Ѫߵķȥ
ƾоѾӳ˺ԶˣΪҸС֮һ΢ϵΪֹܸܵСȵϢǶǿ˵Ҳʮ￪ĵط
Ҳܵ飬ץǿĸ첲ҲϵĶٰ˲ֶΣͬʱ˵зӡһΪҶٰ˲ԴԴϵԴ
ǿץţŵĻǽӲģһʼ۾ܵľԼٶȳȥٶȿ̫ˣǿֱӱ۾ҴǰС
ԽǰߣԽܹܵǹϤϢ
ԼǰʮҵĹ⾰ҵѪӺĮĴڡ
ǱСŪЩΧУиŷڸʹЩɱ
ԭǱǷ²ʱϵķǸûˣͷڳ֮УҲ˻ȥһҶʱŭգеĽԾȻ
ѪӺĮٴο֮Ǳȼ˹Ҫ֣ʱ䣬ѪͻȻ߶Ѫ䣬ٴƣЩ˹ȥĮֱſѪӵıϣһ·ֱײ
һЩҲûɢ˲٣СҲƴˣһ춯ּΪĴУҲ֪ŮֽչŪ׽֮ҿ϶ĲѾƴ˵ʲôҲҪӳȥ
һ̣Ҵǿһٰ˲Ѫӵǰ棬סȥ·


1761 汳
;ĩ·ѪӴĮ˷һĳҺǿ߳˹ԶΪƵѪӱһſڳ³һɫŨ
Ҵʱŭڣ޲ýѪʬΣֲɱΪչȥһھ綾ŨҲûжһεľеĽ꣬˻һɫĻһƵ֮¶˲ޱȣȼˣ˵ĺ˲䶼ĳ
һɫĻڰ֮צӭײѪһڶҺȻڰ֮зһȦѪӶȥ
ſѪӺϵĮʱܵˣֱӴѪӵĺһ೯ֶȥ
ߵǿܿ췴Ӧ˹Įķ׷˹ȥ
һĿǲĿǲϰݵģѪҪܹüʱһɫĳ䡱һȼ۵Ѫӷһҵ˻֮
ҶԸѪӵƬ̵ĹȴһҲĮ׷˹ȥ
Įǳ׵Ųˣһ㣬ҵȼѪ֮󣬽ŽָĮȵĮǰһҷģޱң
ʧǵĮҵһ֮ڷ˵ֿеķתͷ߹ͷֹүүҪɱңС֪ˣСĸûҪߵ˼ѪӣʱҪǲߵĻ϶ɱңҲûа취
ҲȥĮתͷ˱ܻѪӣڷ˺ѷεĲҽ֮
ҲûȫʩչҲõˣֱӽѪӾˡ
һգѪҲǹǺۿŲˣҲһȼյĻʱϨǻѪǱ˹ȥ
ͬʱǿҲһĮ˹䶪˵ϣɲסĿͷԴҵĵ죬סĴ
ҿ˿ѪӣʱٴδǻΪƵ״ָ̬ģֻǱղŻգںһƬ·ոɾˣȫ¶ǴݣҾûмҵˡ
ѪңҲǵ˰˱Ѫù
еĽٴָѪӣЦһѪӣ㲻ôôˣ
Ѫ֮ǰųһɨ⣬Թӿңҧгݵ˵־ɱңһʹģĥң
ףôô׵ȥأֵܱ˹ƣѪȥء˵
ǻð̣ɢһɿζѪ̱ڵأͻȻ͹Ц˵ǸһҵĶŹ¼Һʦ֮⣬˿ɽ⣬˶Ѿˣ㻹ȥƣˣ
ѪΪչĹѾˣʵȻڰչƶʱҸչιһЩѦҵҩһҵѪչһЩչŻ˹ȥ˵ҵЩٶڴʱİչõģʱڵĹƶѹȥһЩȻѪȴ֪顣
£ҲøѪӷϻǽȥչ˵£еĽ·ɣֱӽѪӵĽŽˣֹٴܣȻִǬ˱óѪӵ˫ָϣĮŻڵѪӳ֮ǰĵطȥ
ҿһ۶ߵλãѾһ˿ǰףٹСʱҪˣ˵չŵЩѣұҪĻȥС
뵽ҽʦָк˹ĮѪһ·񱼶ȥȽǣǿٰ˲ֶΣһ档
ҲʮӵĹ⾰һٴ۷˻ڳԱߣտŰչһüչӡǻɺܿӭѪأչƣչſ첻ˣղ³ںѪ
һͷĶʦֿһۣǿһѽڶʦϵѪӸ˵ϡ
ҳѪӵĸ첲˰չߣƣ
ѪӿһڵɫİչʱͳԾһ£˵⡭ôܣʦҵЫƣóƶãһѰ׹ˣôأ
ƣҽٴμ˳ѪӵĲϣв
ȻѪִЦЦһ⣡һҲҪ汳ģܹӣԺʲôɲˣ˵ǿ
治⣿۾һУһһٵʵ


1762 Ы
⣡ѪӶݺݵĿңֵ־ŪңҷҲˣ
Ѫ߸ˣ˹ҲܹĳҲһҲκλˣ˵˾ֲľһЩ޿κΡ
£ֻٴͣһžתιǵˡ
ҾͲһΣѪܹסʹĥٴҳûܹŵס
תιǵѪӵĶ֮󣬺ܿͷ۵ѪӷɱһĲҺش㿴ӣѪǽҧɿڣŪҶʱû˵
Ѫӵ˵ǰչֻ·һˡ
˵˵ҴӵϼһӣشѪӭȥһٰѪǲ˵±㱻Ҹˡ
ּչˣһȥôϻǽôΪɵЩǰȥչΪΪϵĴˣΪ˵Ļ𾫳ԺչΪˣˣѴ̡
ҼĿҪʱһסҵĸ첲˵СţˣϽ취ɣչǿͦסˡ
ҿɣƵʲô취һﲻչƣֻ·һ
黹ûеͷҪ׷侲ǺúԲߣԽҾԽǺͷȰ
ҼԴɵʲô취û
һ绰ʣ֪ôأһ֪ǧƿ϶֪ǧܹһйͨġɵ
һ㶣ѵңǰһڹƶ֮ȫǸӣڵǧƿǻ˲֪Ĺʲôƶ˽⣬һһǧƣ˵͸㶨ˡ
£Ҵֻһ˹ȥոʱֻ˺ü£һŽͨЩ˯ʵСŸ磬ô磬Ҵ绰ʲô顣
ҾͲ˵ˣҪһ飬չ˹ƣڵϦƵİ취ġҼ
ɶչйˣʲô˶֣һ
һصѪկѪӣµĹơһ£ԼкղѪ˵չµʲôЫƣȻתͷȷһ£ҲЫơ
ǣұ㽫ЫƵһ˵һ¡
һƵĲУ˵ȻǧҲưҲ֪һ㡣
ǧƣ϶֪ϽģչŲסˡҴߴٵ
һӦԵƬ̣Ȼ绰Ǳ߾û˶˴ԼҵĹ⾰һ˵绰˵СŸ磬ղҸǧƹͨˣС˵ЫƾһֱĶЫӣһ˵ڣ˵ӹƣϷܣȻܴܵ𺦣ҪƵĻרõĽҩУʵҲҩĻҲְ취ܹסƶɢȣЫڵϵλãֻҪû𿾣Ыͻӱ¹Ƶ˿𿾻ǲеĻ͸ȴˮȻû𿾣ְ취ưչֵҪˣеڶְ취˵Ƚϼ򵥣ǾǸιһҩĽ֣һԶİ취ֻҪչҩģЫͻκηӦְ취ֻܹ죬֮뽫ƸγˣҪȻΣա
һĽЩͷû𿾣кȴˮǲѣǸʲôû˵
ɿһۣϵǵһְ취ɣֻһͦҩģһʱҲҲֻû𿾣ٹˮˡ
Ӧһ˵绰ȿĮشѪӣȻкǿһ𽫰չ̧ѵ¡
ҵһӣ˰չϵλÿʼ
һ֮£չʱ˷Ӧҿ𿾵Ǹطʲôڻ˵ģŵĶƤһһģҲϵƶұŻ׷ſһֱؿڵʱ򣬾ͿǶڶˣǣֽչҴǬ˱óһӿȪˮ֮˰չ죬һƿһƿȥŹƿչ˳ˮʱǱû𿾡
֮󣬰չ˷ӦͻȻ˹ӾҵĻζȻʼڴڵ³󲿷ֶǸոչȥõĿȪˮȻһЩںĶֱӾͳ˴ĺѪ顣


1763 Ū
չʮˣǹƶĿ֮ҲΪʲôϵ˶̸ɫԭ֮ڣⲻѰĽƴ˹ͷʲôصˣǿκõģƶһˣҲƽֻ֮еķݶ
չ˺һӣĺɫѪ˵ϣǶһ״
ڲµʱ˱ٴλ˹ȥ
ǽչķ˵ϣָ·ˣƬ֮ǿͻȻָŰչǶŻ˵ǿ쿴һ
ҺһЩɫѪ֮˺ɫЫӣͷ󣬵ʺʺģһǾ綾֮֮ûͷӬƵܣֳŰչ˹ȥ
ǿۼֿ죬еĳһʱǺɫĶЫӸն롣
ղڰչģֻɫĶЫЫƵĹ̥
ֻⶾЫӶѾչ˳ûѹұٴθһһ绰ʲôһ˵ģǶЫӼȻ˳ЫƱ˴룬ֻǻЩڣ֮ڣصҶѦҵ˵һڵĳѸɱˣչȬ
չҲڰСʱ֮ѣ֮Եȵˮ֮ͻָ
һ˵ұ
˺֮£㽫չ̧˷֮ϣϢƬ̡
һ֮󣬷ѪѾתιǵĥĻ˹ȥ˿϶š
ֻѪڵ̫̭ˣյĽڣɢһɿζ
£ǿ㽫ѪӸϵ˳֮УĮɹڵϣսսģһҲ˵
Ѿȫ˴ޣѪߵĹŮҲȫ˻ҽϻźɫӡǡ
һСʱǰǻˣתۼʲôûʣˡ
аվаһԶûС
һصֻǿ󣬺ԣȻҲклˣĵеģͱɽЩϵұ𣬵ȴɱ޹ǱƵûа취ˣſ϶֡
һصˣΪĿĲֶΣ¾ӵ飬ҲܹɵĳԿԡ
ԹаҲΪʲôҪһصĵԭ
ҿĮɣһسЩҪ㡣
Įæͷվһͬ˳ӡ
ղѪӺĮߵʱ򣬲Ǹչ˹ƣŮһڵǸǿ˸ŪˣǴӺһˡ
˱ǿ̧˳һ࣬ʱǻ֪ͨɽ˽ʬߡ
û˾⳵ӱǿ
Һɾڳ֮Уűɽ̿һѪӺĮ
ĮһֱԴҶӣ㶢ӣŸɿһĮһ£˵鳤ղžʲô飬˵˵ɡ
ҵ⣬һϵûУѪӸɵģߣߵĻɱңҡûа취ĮӶ˳
Ҳ˵ղѪӸŮƵʱ͵͵Ķֽţ֮ǰµĹƶ˳Ϊʲôûи˵ͱʵ
Į亹Щ־Ŀһۣ˵ҡҲҰʵҶԹҲǺ˽⣬̫ȷǲǶֽš
ǰɣŭ
ĲҰһֱʱһۡҡĮѾʼ޴ˡ
ˣҲ׷ҾʣղţѪӶ㹻лɢΪʲôܹκεӰ죬ܸܲһͣʵ
ĮæүѪ¹¶֮ģѪ˵𲻵̫ãϵĵӣС͸йƶ֮һʼֶһûУŻСǵڶθлɢʱѾ˷ҲڸŮƵʱ򣬱͹лɢڵϵʱʵһ¶ûУǶװģȻͳ³ǻͻȻ𣬸үЫƣȻ˳ҽлɢĶǲһ˳ȥ
ԭôһ¶ʵϸһҲԣѪӲô˵Ҳ涾мңȴлɢԸȷЩŪЩСֶζ˵ľͲʲô
һҿǲܣҲûзѪӵıŻŪ㾳أЩ
ڣչǣҪȻǸҪôĸ


1764 նϽŽ
ʵЩϸ˼֣ʱѪӲҪλŮĲٿȨתңҪҸ⿪һлɢҩԣܹ߶ֻҪܹ߶ԸŮ¹ƣͬʱҲȫ⿪лɢҩԣӶҵܡ
ʱŮڵĹƶ֮ȫЩжķɶֽ⣬ǵأȷЩæңӦӲϾȴһ㣬ϴǸɮӱҸȡȱɵӶܹסҪȹȥأܵûӰˡ
ѪӵĻ̫ˡ
˵ĹŮ飬ʲôҶ⿪лɢҩԡ
ӦҪȡŮĲٿȨ϶Ҫ¹ƣӦĻҪ߶ǽƣȫ·֪УҾȦס
ն˷ʤ
飬ұٴ̧ͷĮ˵⣬ģղԸѪӵļƣȴûиң㻹ӣ˵ɣҪô㣡
Įһʱɫͨһֹĵү֪ˣҰɣұ֤Ҳˣȵɽһʵ
һֱĬ̾ϢһҪȻնһŽɣʡٶʲô˼Ҳܲˡ
Ӧһ䣬նĮĽϣĮҽһ˵ϣ˫ŲѪĽףҶһƿֹѪҩ˵ǺģֲǶôصˣԺ˿ڻָˣһ·
Įֹͣ˰Լ˿ҩ˻ȥ
һϾĶǣ͸ҳ濴ȥһֻ̫Ӷ߸߸ͷѾϸˣоգ䶨
ѪӱѦС߾תιǵĥȥһֱûѹղȥ̽һ˻ţҲǹǿġ
ûеɽ͹ҵˣóһЩѦС߼ҵҩĮѪͿĨϣʱߵɽ˶ˡ
ֹһĳ㴫һ죬Ӧǰչ˹æչ˹
չ·ЩƮƮģɫɷף潫СڵĲᡣ
ɲ֮ĿܿڵϵѪϣͳһҵСŸ磬ںļһѪôӣ
յģûءҵ
չʱЩŭɶ߹ȥѪӵţֱߵѪӷһƺ˼۾Ȼݺݵĵ˰չ
չСƢʱˣ˽ҪȥѪӣȴɸסˣȰ˺ˡһﻹϵ˻ûкϽЪЪ
˵ţɱ㽫չҵߣ
ҿչ·ЩƮҪϢһʱָܻ³ˮʱ򶼷ʲôչϵʱҲЩ¡
˵ȥû֮󣬶ѪͻȻͶˣȻһ˦־ͳ϶һûпʲôȻ;ؿڵλôһɴʹͣԴ죬ʲô֪ˣƵĺܣ;ѪӺĮлɢòˣĸһͻȻ䷢ѣһûУС
չЩ˼ĸ˵¶̫ˣҲꡣ
Ұο䣬֮ǰйƵչ˵һ£չ־ŭѪӵɱ
ȻʱѪӷǲˣֱЦ˵ôҲӵЫƾȻûŪ㡣
չĶըˣҺסòײŰ
Ӻܿʻ˸ʡڣǰ濪ǿ˵ҲҪʱܵӥ̶ɽͬʱ˵ɽңҪɽĶ츣֮ڲô򵥣취ôȥʱǵˣҲط鷳ˡ
ǿ˵⵹ʵÿ֮жж츣أֻбŵ޵ʿ֪νⶴ츣֮УѰ˼ɽֻһ裬ʥضѣɽ˿ҪҵɽɽŻǸ⡣
һ뵽ұٴָӴһ绰ȥѯһɽһɽɽģʱһƣ˵ҪȥɽԭɽŶҲȥɶΪȥء
ȥûȥ츣أӸ˵ɵĶ츣أײ֪ģ飬ҲҲ飬ǵ˼ңȴ˵ڵƵȥΡ


1765 ɽɽ
ȻϢͨҲʲô鶼飬ͱɵĶ츣صĳ뷽ǾԲ漰ģӵж츣صɣǶǽϵĶźͷʥأ֪ˣⶴ츣رͬ裬Ϊ֪֮ˣҪҲǲܵġ
ҸϵķΪУ˵ôңһվҲںһģа취֪ôɵĶ츣أҲȥ飬ǱȻġ
ȴ˵ڵȥɽĶ츣أ˼ˡ
Ӹ˵֮ƽɽĶ츣أΪɽףǮȥɽʦǵַںﶼһת־ܷüļǮȥ
ÿνɽҪɽʦ
Щɽϵޣһʳ˼̻ƵģʵָĿҲ٣ܶʱ򣬳ԵõģҪɽ¹򣬱ϾɽҲмǧء
ȻⶼҵĲ²⣬Ϊȥéɽ֪Ƕ츣ﲻ޵ĵҲкܶҰһͨˣ඼Щļ
Ҹ˼䣬ܿ죬Ӿҵƣ绰תҲûǺһȻųɽ츣ص顣
˵ɽĶ츣زõʮܣû˴ŽȥҲڡ
˵ӥ̶֮жʮһɽĵطɽǰɽкܶοͣǵطҪȥҪתƵɽһ۵СӣСӱͣżľӣľŴˣݣǾɽŵˣʱпڣȷ֪ǽˣȻ˵⣬Ǿͻͨ츣ˣɽͬǽȥǱǧҪӲĺܲҡ
ȻҾпɶƺٺһЦ˵ܼ򵥣ˣԷǽˣ϶һпڣǻ˵ϰ䣬°䣬ǶԲҲߣпڣ˵ѽܹģɽˣԲǻΪǹ¶ģ϶ɽֱͨӾͽǸˡ
Ǹпڵϰǡڣ°ǡ⣬Ψ𡯣ֻҪܴǾͻɽԵɣ˭ƣǻشˣлɽġЦ˵
лˣæߵĺ飬ȥȾơҿ
ʱϵܴݹ٣ӭĺšЦֵ
ұҵ˵绰չ˵һȻҵſڣʣµͲ̫ˡ
һ·ǱУʱ򣬴һﶼЩˣұǬ˱óһЩʳָ˳ˣǷ²ĮҲһЩ˼ѪƢˣһߣˮȡ
ԸòԣҲëһҲˣȥˡ
չһЩһЩоͷ࣬ҲڵĹƶûнɽ˽֮һϻغҶȣѦҸϽڵĹƶȫС
˼СʱԼĵӵʱǾ͵ɽӥ̶ǰһξ룬Ǿ͵ɽ㽫ͣ
³֮ǰóһ·ĮѪӸˣָѪӴһֺ۾Ŵ˳
û취Ѫӱյ̫һЩϽһƬװһ£һſСӡ
³֮ұ֪ͨ˽ӣɽڵ˹ӺͱѪɱǸ˸ߣȻǲŰķԸ첽ɽĺɽȥ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰Ǿ˺ɽطûʲộһߣһ˶Ҳˡ
ǰʮӵĹ⾰ͻȻǰ⴦ЩϤϸһʱ
طϴθү֣ҴɽߵǸط
ĴɨһۣԽԽ
⻹û뿪೤ʱ䣬ҾȻת˻˼
ֻϴǱɽʮǱѺ˻ȻСүҡڵ߹ģľǰһ
ïǰһ·ǰܿһǺܿСӣǺϹƯźüӣÿһ涼վһˣ˵ûЩӦþɽŸ򽻵ˡ
£ҸɶһۣѪӺĮ첽˹ȥ


1766 
ܿ죬һ˱ߵСӱߡ
ȥľվ˵ʱ򣬷һŴ񣬽ڵסˣ档
ǰһһ֣˵λߴ𣿡
ʱһ΢΢̧ͷûһۣ˵˼ߴطˣﲻĵطƲȥȥɡ
ǿûߴרǵģͷλ·Ҫȥɽƽ̻ˡǰһ˵
Ǹļһ̧ͷһۣڣ
⣬Ψ𡣡Ұ˵пڻش
¿ǶϺˡ
˵̬ȶʱ˲٣һ֣˵ԭɽѣֻǲ֪λɽΪ£
ƽ̻˵ģҪ̡ҵ
ǵʲôأһɰʵ׵ļƣʱЩͷˣǱƽ̻Ҫ̣㶼֪ĻǾͲʲôҪˣȥǣ˵³ظʬҵ
һұԼţǼڷϵ˶ʱȫվסݣһٴеģǸղŸ˵λŵһһ㡭
ǰҾҵ
治֪զôķӦ
㾹Ȼеҵɽ浱ɽɱ𣿡һ˽еָңһΧˮƶʱ뵶ȥҲǸӣֶλԡ
Ϊʲôɽ΢΢һЦ˵
ɱƽ֮ӣɽϣɽȥ鷳ԼȴˣѲǹģһҲݺݵ˵
ҸЩ˵ͨҲûκ壬±㲻ɫ˵Ǿ͵ǹİɣǻϿȥˣҵɽҳ
ãţһɽˣʬΣһ˵ţٵĻݣԶʻȥǷٶȺܿ죬һ㲻Ӱ
طмӣЩŴĺȫľ֮Ǽ˸Χм䣬Ƶġ
˿Ҹ˼浹Ҳʲôˡ
£˱վԭصȴʱһһţǼЩǼݵļһһǸľͷƵģվһѪӿһЩɽˣʮһҲûʲôηġ
Ѫ˲򵥣ĻƺˣҲǸ
˴ԼһСʱҵĹ⾰춼Ҫ˽Щͷʱ򣬴СӵľͷͻȻƮĸӣһ·˳ˮ£ÿһ϶վ߰˸ˣȫɫĵۣÿ˸ɱڣƺƵƵģǷӲû˻ȴһʻи߶ǶеֶεҲ˵á
ܿ죬ĸӱͣ˰ߣΧǵһ˳ǰ첽ȥЩϵϵһ֣Щŵ˵λʦʦʦ棬ɱˡ
Щϵᣬ׷״ӷһƮ䵽ǵߡ
Щϵ֮УҲмģһ׷ɱҵĻˣɽϣȫˣЩ϶ûкɫһ㽫ΧסҲ׷˳ָǡ
㵨ϴүˣһԼҿ˭ܾȥҸүѵҵǸһŭ˵
еĳһֱָҵʺ
һˣЦ˵ˣ⼸û˼һôĻô׶ŭͲˣ˭Ҹүģ
˻һ֣Щϵ׷˼Ŀֵ̿ĳɨӶȥҪѰҸүӰɽϣٴһ㣬һȫɫ
Ҹүֻôһ˵ŵһ겻ᡣ
ҲЩЦֵλˣţҸүȻˣǲû˼ǰɽɽˮأûչҹһҪ̡
һ˵Ҹүҿɽһ˻ǵǰһ˵Ϊ£ϴεѾ׷ˣ㻹
һ֣˵ˣȻɽ׷ˣȴⲻȥɽҪ˵˵顣


1767 ɽŴ
üͷһ֮ɫ˻⣿
ˣϴζеһֱ˵ƽ̻˵ĶɱģλƫǲţѾҵɱףԱ˹Ҫ潻˴ãҲΪϴɣ˴ɽ˽ܲұһӺڹɣҴֵ˵
˻һڣɽɫδƬ֮˱ֵɱɣô׵飬ɱ飬ʱкܶ˶ˣ㻹
Ƿֱһ滪˵жϣˣһҧɱûɱҶ𣿡Щ˵
㡭˱仰µƿԣɫͨ죬Ҳû˵һ
ֵλ˷ģȻɽаٷ֮ٵİ֤ҵףҪȻҷˣŻܵɽ
˵Դǣ˼Ƭ̣˵ǺðɣƶɽƽˣҪ˵Ȼ϶޷뿪ɽˣүڣɽҲηġ
˷ģͷ·ǡҵ
˻˻֣ȫɢרŸǰһӣǳζȥ
ЩɽϵûжǷɾ裬ڳζȥͬʱЩֱӽǳΧм䣬춯ᱻȺ֮
˵ľһ߸ˣҡչɡǿĮһ𻬶ӵɽŵӡ
ĮѪǿͰչģҲΡ
ѪӣǱն˽Žţ޷ֺá
վҵߣҵСţһɽƽ̣һһʹ𣬺úø˵ǻû˵׾ʹһϹͷǲ
΢΢һЦ˵ģ֮֮˼ҵĵ̣Ρ
ɽƽ̵Ķˣ϶һŻСҲըҩģҾǲġֵ
Ҳˣôô
ӿٵʻʮ֮󣬺ͻȻ뵿濴ҲԽԽӻʱҿǰһվһλͣŷӰĞųóͣı仯
ӦǿҪʻɽɽŴ˰ɡ
һ뵽ұо˷һɹ϶صĽҸסˡ
û뵽ɽɽŴȻˮ
ԽǰߣԽҾֻܿ˵ľϵļˣļϵ˾ʧˣ֮С
ʻʱﲻЩǣЩɽ˲͵Ϯǰɣ
طɽֵģʲôҪɱǼ˻Ǻ׵ġ
ǵ˼ӣûʲô鷢ǸӵڰͰĻŷӣΧֻݻӵ졣
ƶЩ̻Ȼġ
㣬ʮְǰ˰СʱҵĹ⾰ǰͻȻܵɢȥǰһھš
Ȼֿ֮ǰɽϺЩϵ
Ͼɣɲⶪ˵Ĺˡ
Ѿ˷֮УоҲûзѶۣˡ
ʵɽķҲʮֵİȻȫǰֱ治ʵˮ֮Ҳǰɱ˷ȫǹ϶ķ󣬲׵һ룬϶ҪԶŴɱ֪ôġ
ʱӦҪɽҲһʱŷȣ֮󣬱û̻Ȼˡ
ǧʥأ̺ǹ϶ص£Ȼȴܹͬܡ
ܿ죬һСͷˡ
ʱɽĶ츣֮УҲǺ죬ɽܹźܶɫĵܶյ͸
˵Ĵ֮£ͷ뿪һ·ɽȥߵɽʱЩϵ׷ɢȥֻһͯ뵽һ䷿
Сͯǵûжĵ⣬ͿĽ˷֮У˵ٴεȺƬ̣ǱѾ֪ͨƽˣһǹȥ
ҵ˵ͷлСָͯǶ˼ˮ˼ڣʱƢ磬ȺòҲֻڶ츣أԣĵطŻôõζ
Сͯ˲֮󣬺ܿ˳ȥʣ⼸ˡ


1768 ֻһ
Ǽɫķ֮У£ĴⶼǹŽ͸©һɣζЩ羰εĹŽȫһӣǧʷһʱĺظС
ջĿ⣬ٴοĮѪӣѪһģʲôˣĮҵĸоһֱսս϶ڵԼ֮˽Ρ
鳤һɽƽ̣Ӧ֪ô˵ɣͻȻ
Į˵ͷֵ̿˵ҡ֪
ģʵ˵ͺãأ㲻ıȻ˽֮һ˵飬һڣ͸صȥãҪǸҺ˵˵ɽʰ㣬һɡǸĮһ裬ʡʱı⣬ҵĴ¡
Įͷϻ̳Ͽֵ˵үܷġҡһʵ˵
ûõĶһԵѪһм˵
û˵꣬ͱչһţ߷˵ϣѪˣΨһеɱҲǴŷâˣ˵ʵûκô
ʱҲЩϰ£Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ʱһһţתۼ͹ȥһСʱȵǼЩͷˣҲ֪ɽЩϵڸʲôôʱˣ֪ͨǹȥɽƽ̡
ȣչЩסˣû˵ɽ˵ʲô˼ǴˣͲǵ¶ˣǴ𣿡
չĻһ˵꣬űһСͯ˽һ֣Ϳ˵λͣŭƽ˿ѲԵˣλҪʲôҪܿҪǶˣǱΪλ׼ի
ǲˣͷλСȥߴһٲǣǿɾˡչֵ
СĻӦ˼˵͹ȥʣǱȥ
ˣֵʮӣǻ˴żʮ˹ޱ˵λ߰ɣƽ롣
Ǽ˱˴˿һۣǱ׷ѺĮѪӣ˻˵뿪䷿ӣȻ̨ףһ·ɽȥ
ϵģɽɽԹ˺ܶɫĵȻɽϸɽֵģһ˼ɾζǱéɽԵˡ
ɽ͢Ĺϵĺܺã֮Ḷ́ڣ͢ĹϵҲܺãⷽ棬ɽȷһס
ڻһֱǰߣһ·˶ĬҸĮߣСӵһֱ΢΢ķ·ҲģȻﵣĵĲС
˴Լжʮӣ˱һſڣһңдš֡
ߵط˱ͣ˽Ųͷһۣ˵λڴ˵ȺƬ̣ƶȥ֪һ
һ֣˵ˡ
󣬻תȥļʿһ𣬹Ǹǵġ
ԼĪӵĹ⾰֮дһʮ
ƽ³ظʬҺ
Ϊ֮һվߵĮһ˵ϣһѲס
ҿһۣ㳯Ǵķ˹ȥȻŻṳ̂һȱʿסȥ·
һ˵ƽֻһˣ˵Ȳڣ
һ㶣ͷˣʱüͷһЩˣȴСţסҸղŸ˵Ļ׶ŭ˼ҵĵ̣úø˼˵ȺƬҲ޷
˵ɲ̫⣬һʹһĽ࣬үһס
ұɽԩĪίʾãǿǣʵҸүڣҲǣҲҡ
ǱŶѶ·ԭǺͺãȴңܹȥ
£һ˦֣˵ǹɱƽ̹ֵģȴһ˽ȥʲô˼ҲգȻɽôǣûɶ˵ˣ߱ǡ
˵⻰ʱҹƽŵĺܴ׹һ㣬е˿϶ȫ˶
ҹ׼Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬵һϤ˵ȫɡ
˵ˡ
һ˵ſڵʱȥұ˴̤ĳŴ֮ȥ
һ߽ȥ֮󣬶ʱһҲ̫ˣĴƻͨǵǰſ̺ӣ̺ӵֱмʮ̫ʦߣȻЩ̫ʦҲ˵ġ


1769 ˭
ͨǰ·ܳмʮףͨǰֱ࣬żʮϵĹҪϣСҲʮңҴ˸һȥ˫Ŀˢˢı㳯߿
ЩϵɶΪģĿϣҸоڡ
ЩĿ֮УܹоһЩǳ˵ģιǸֵһĳɨҵĺë
ͻȻ䣬ҸоֱĲĸо
˵ղΪʲôȺôʱ䣬ɽټɽĳϣȫڴˣٿᣬҹеĽࡣ
һҸԼܾţô˵Ҳҵˣǰʱ䣬ҸүʱŵɽƨǶֽϻʲôµģ
뵽ұ˲٣ǰȥһ·֮ϣӭˢˢĿ⡣
ˣ͸ˣĮһûãû˾̱˵ϣڼǰչߡ
вʱǱ˴ľͷ
ǵǰһѺܿӣһϵԼĪʮ꣬ϣˮűһһĸо
ϵۣӺܴͷЩףϸôһҲмָ
ߵ֮ұһ֣Ƕϵϵ˵³ظʬҺɽƽ̻ˡ
ǰĻûһ˿飬ֻǵĵ˵ͷǴкʱһͻȻŲһ£վһ˵˵˵ɣɽ⣿ͱ߳
˵ɽ֮һˣһһͣ˵ҲаʮˣͣΪӦʮֳȲǣ벻ͨôһ㣬˴Ļ
ҿˣ΢΢һЦ˵ˣѵɽĴ֮Ÿո߽ɽҪɱģȥͲ¸ɽĨڣ
ȴһ˵Сʲôɿģ㳯ɽĨĺڻʲô͸Ͻ˵ī
Ҳˣ˵ʵɽĨ˲ٺڣ֮ɽ׷ɱңɳüˣûн׽òɳϽҸ׽ˣֱҸүȥʬҪ˻ȥžžһɽƨҷһԼɽܸʲôɫ
£Ҳ˼ƽϣλĻˣһ˵ˣι¶ģɽΪУأֻΪһ飬Ҫ֪㵽˭ɱס
㲻Ҫʵģ¼һ֪ɱƽ֮ӣɽɲĵطȻˣͱôö˶˵߳ȥǽǴĻҲվ˵
һ˵λЩסˣһʱ˵ʲôĶУһƬ
ҶʱҲЩˣõˣǹģǹλܵģ̬ȣҾ¶û˵ȥˣɽǡ
㡭
ǻ˻Ҫ˵ЩʲôλĻ˰˰֣˵ʦܣҪôĸλ˵˵һ˵꣬λΣ
ƽ̻һ˵ʱͰѻȸ
Ȱ֮󣬻˲˵Ҷɣ˵˭ɱҶ
ǰһɫʱڴʡĻƺӰߣаʬֵףҺһͬصȥаʬ飬аʬǱҺ֮²űģû룬аʬ֮Ҹһ˿ﲻͱд˼УҲ֪ҺӶˣȽһûأʱʤһӴˣɴ˱ȥ˴ʡһСȥˡ
˵ţһѽĮ˹ĮŵĲɫսսվҵԡ
ұˣλһҲʶģͷСɽص鳤ǹٷˣֽĮǲģҸӶֵʱڳָɱӵҲǴˡ
ʱһվ˳Įϸۣ˵ͷ˵ƽʦ֣˵û˵ȷɽص鳤ƶͻʦȥ׷ɱʱ򣬻СӸṩ鱨ǹȥȴûҵˡ
˵ǻˣɽϵ׷ɱңбǳ콫Щ˸ߵġ


1770 ƭǵ
ȻȷĮǾͺ˵ˣ֤Ҳ١
£ҳŻ˵˵ͷʾл
ǻ˲飬ֻû˵ҲҪΪ˵ֻʵ˵ѣȥ׷ɱļλʦֵܶʶˡ
⻰һ˵꣬мϵĮһۣ׷׵ͷǡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷҶɣ˵ɡ
һߵĻһˣɽƽµĵǿзһУ飬ǿֵܸλǰ˵˵ɡ˵ţұתǿ
棬ǿҲ£ǰ˼ҵߣŻһ֣˵λǰǿɽƽµ׼ҵǿʬʱ򣬻ӺСŸɱʬʱȫڳֻϧʱҸʬƴʱ򣬱ʬˣܵ𵴣ƺأһ𣬱ĮȥҽԺΣȻڰϣĮҲɽص鳤ͻȻ˶֣һƣϼˣ
˻һڣһƬȻкܶϵվĮָָ㣬ʱһš
һֱλϵĻˣɫҲǴΪϵļⶶһĿĮϡ
ĮŵĲУָʱȶһֱӡͨһ¹˵ϣĵƽСҲָʹ֮²Ŷ˺֡
ĮԼˣǻʲô˵ġ
ǻɫһ䣬һޱϵƴӹԿƿֲֻôһ˲䣬Ҿ͸ܵˣƽ̻ȻûǰͣΪ֮ϣֲƽ̵λãΪء
ţһҪһҪɱ˵Ľ࣬ǰһ˵ƽˣ¶û꣬ǿѻ˵ٶҲ١
˵ŭ𽥽ȥҵ΢һ
ʱǿֵƽˣʱĮ˺֮涾ϻɢһҪҵϻɢɫζȴǱĬ֮ҪСŸ֪ͨʦ彫͵˺ҶѦҽΣûˣСŸҲϴˢԩ֮գڣҼһŲ࣬ɽԩСŸˡ
˻һڣٴ۷׷׳ֱӰγ˽Į˹˵ȻǴɱʦֶǻʲô˵ģƶͽ
һ㱻˸סˣ»ɵ㡣
˵ţ˱㿴ǣ˵ղ˵ĮɱĮǹٷˣһɽص鳤λȨأΪʲôأ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ֪ˣʵĮһصˣһһصص̽ӣĮɱҲĿĵģ赶ɱˣɽɱҡ
ÿ˵һλڴ֮һҲɵˡ
ĮѾŵĻסĳŻ˿ͷˡ治ɱӣһжѪָʹɵģҲɱӣѪӱҪɱȫңСҲûа취
˵ţĮͻȻָѪӣֵɱӵġ
˵ĿȫվһѪӿȥ
˹ȥѪӵñ۾ȫժ¶ѪӵıĿ
ԭѪӳͦεģһֻǰѴճ˺̿һ㣬ϵڻݣһѪӵⷬҵģ׷겻ѡ
վָѪӵ˭
˵ͷɲСѪӣǰϹѪկµĵӣλҲ֪һصĴ֮ףһصҪɽĹϵѾ˵ĺˣλӦܹסҳ
˵⻰ʱѪӶݺݵĵһۣͻȻ˵λһﲻҪ˵˵ȫƭǵģҲʲôѪӣǺƭǣҲǱΣװѪӣҪǲӵĻǾͲϵĥңǿҵӣǱǸûģҲӣЩȫԼųģʵӾɱġ
֪Ѫӻ᲻ʵˣʲô϶Ҫ˵һͨ
ѪӵⷬһƬɧң˵϶Ǿɲ֪׸˭ˡ


1771 
ѪӵĻʱ֮ǰǸӪķΧȫƻˣǳһܺߣȴȺߣоݣʱ㱻ճɺ̿һĿֲģΪ֤ݡ
Ȼ⻹꣬ѪȺ黩Ȼ֮ʣֵҲⲻѪӣǸĮҲǱƵģǱûʲôˣʵѾ˶ڶϻɢĶҲƲĮն˽ŽǿƣҪҪɽѣìתƵһصϣһΪյģɽǹʹ
˻һڣЩϵȫվ۷׷ףҲָָ㣬˵ʲôĶУһƬ
˸ɿһͻȻһﾲһ
֮жʱٴΰ˭Ҳ㲻׵ôһ¶
ѪӽˮŪԽԽˣҪɽ˷硣
ֿ֮ܶң˵νͣ
ˣ⻹ҽǰѪӵĻ˭أ˭΢Ц˵
תͷѪӡ
ѪӶʱһ㶣˵ҡҾһС䣬Źġ
ѪӣһΪ˵ܹˮٴתƵǵϣˣɱˣһ֤ݣǱǻƽ̶ӵĻǣ˿̾У˭ɱģһӱ֪ͻȻҲվ˳˵
ɵ仰ʱٴһƬ֮˵۾ȫɴˣȫ۽ɵϡ
һ˵΢΢һţܿһЦ˵ǸеĻҲǼٵģ˭֪éɽĹϵһéɽڵҢ˹ϵǳһ뵽Уһè̫ӣԼ档
ʱѪȫһ蹷ҵҧˣʲôˣʲô˵
Ҳʮֵĺ棬ҸéɽڵҢ˹ϵǳѪô֪ģ
¶֪˲ࡣ
˵ɱһЦ˵Ѫӣ˵ô඼ûãֻķˣ澿ǲӣλߵĵһ֪˽ⲻưɡ
˵ţɾͿң̽Ƿ˱֮Уǿ˳
һ򵭶ĻҲסˣ͵ĴǿվǰЩ˵֮йҶĻǣ
ӵĻǾ֮УĮ˺֮󣬸Լһ·ûнӵĻǴĻɢһе֮СóǿڻǰһΡ
ϵļ΢΢һתۼĹҵߣһҲ̫һЩȻǻΪһ֮ʮԵģûдȥ˵һơ
£ұ㽫񽻸˻ˡ
һ±㽫УȻ΢΢ı۾
ɽĴ֮и·ҵ񣬶һôޣء
ûãǵΪܸߵߣһ֮ΪҲҪһޣҪɳ˿̽ĻǷųпܾͻᱻôصײɢ
ԣֻǽװӻǵǿУԼȥеϢͨһַţеӽн
ڻʱһʼûжı飬ǹһ֮󣬵ǻϵļ⿪ʼ΢΢ĳ鶯Ȼܵ˺ܴĴ
תͷȥѪӵʱ򣬴ʱѾϵʲôŲ㿪ʼ˼֣ȴչһץס
һ̣ͻȻ۾ҿ֮һˮ
Ȼ䣬ǣһޱϵһ˼㣬վߵңҲЩסϢŲ˰벽
ɱҶ
˱һһ֣ճ˻צ״ͳץ˹
һ룬үʲô
ѵ֮ĲĻǣʱҶûüųһۣҪǿͷ
֮ĲĻ֮ǰ˵һŬҪ׷ˡ
ʱĻǶŭҪɱˡ
һ˳ץ˹ұ㶯ٰ˲һȥ
ΪôߵΪҶٰ˲ҲһȻҴˣĺܺãһ±ǰ˲ľ롣


1772 ͷ
֮Ҳ֪ղŻ˲ҪɱңǱĮѪӶȥġ
ĮѾ˵ӣҲܲѪϴ޷߶ȻҲ޴
ֻһ֮£ѪӺĮĲӱ㱻˸ץסˣȻǴӵֱ
Įץ֮󣬻ɪɪȻǾֱĿңΪ֮ǰӦ͸ɽãǽصʰ
Įȷϵĺܺã˸ɱˣʵЩⲻȥ
£ǰ˼һ֣˵ˣл˵ȲҪɱˣһҪ㡣
ŭͷԣ֮ǰ˵ķŭǱѹŵģѹסˣɱ֮֮ǲ죬˼ҾôһӣԺҪģ˸ɱˣܲŭ
ǰǲҶңΪиүػţλʵûɶ˵ġ
ȻһصˣǾ˵ö֮
Ҹǰ˱תͷңһŭ⣬ͻȻף³֣߿
̺Īǰţǰͺǳһǽֱסҵȥ·޷Ų֡
Ҳǳ׵ı͸¶ķŭסˡ
Ҳ֪е˵ʲôŻ˵ŭ
ҲȷеȷһŴʯͷҲ˵ء
ȻڴʱͻȻʶȻ
ö˶ĮѪӲӵĻͻȻһƺߣȻֱӽĮѪֱӶ˳ȥȻǻһżֱƮɳȥ˼
˶һ㶣֪ʲôʡ
˺⼸ϵʱ׷ǰһеʵƽ̣ôˣ
ǶݺݵĿһ۱ڵϵѪӺĮȻҧгݵ˵ɡȻ¹ƣ
һȫһһʱ䣬еϵϱǼ˸Χס
ҲˣҿʲôѪӺĮסˣô¹ơ
Ѫӣˡ
ĮĻҲûǸӰ
˾ɲʱ򣬻ͻȻ̧֣˫ͨ죬ܿͱһֱ
˸о˼ǣֻ͵ϾȻ˲ݡ
ûûпĳ˲ĵһƬ
ȥôҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˶ԻĴ¹ƣЩ췽ҹ̷
һ˵֣ʱҲһ˵ƽ̣ⲻǹƣǽͷǶʮݽͷ
Ѿо׺䶥ˡ
ֱ˽ͷôһ¶
Һܿ˹׹ƽͷּңϵѪկȷҲڶǣǻήͷҲûʲô֮
Ҿ벻ףôԻµĽͷ
黹ûиôһ¶ܿȺ֮бϵŭ˵϶Ǹɵĺ£ɱɽƽ֮ӣҪǵƽ̣үΣɽξ壬СӸɱˣ
±ˣ±ˡ
תҲ̫һЩգۼֱɱ֡
ղҲ֪ĸϵ˵Ļ̫һЩ⻰Ҳʮǿȶ˻һڣұһν죬৵ģĺˡ
ҪﱻΧˣڳļˣûһܹųȥ
ɽЩϵҪһϵʱǻͻȻһ֣˵
ţͿһֻ˲ݵͻȻڳһӰɫ֮УǱ˽ͷֿٵĻָǰһ㡣
Ľͷܹл⣬ɽƽ̣
ָֻ֮㳯˰˰֣˵£ƶû£¶ҲҶûʲôϵ
ƽ˶ˣЩϵ˳˼û
ʱ򣬻ͻȻѪӣ۾һУʵ㵽˭
ڸѪ˵ѪͻȻЦЦǰϣЦ˺һ֮ѪӲͣסЦûỪˣתͷң˵Ǻþòˡ
˻һڣҺͰչԼŵĲͱ
ΪʱѪ˵ĲǺô̩
Ϊȥ̩챨Ƕʱѧ̩ԶܹⲻģʱѪ˵ľ̩Щ졣
Ǽ˶סˣѪͻȻһЦ˵ôˣżûôˣҪҪҸѣˮʥ̵ߡ


1773 а
ߣ
ˮʥ̵Ķߣ
һҵĶˣǸһףѪôᷢߵ
ô֪ҴʱɽĶ츣֮ڣ
ҿɣֿ˰չһ㶼һ𾪵±Ƶɫһʱ䶼׵׷ʲô飬ȻǸ±ƵɽЩϵ뻹ܹʱѪ˵ʲôǸһĨڣʲô
ݵ֮Һܿͻָ˹ĴһԾȻָ˱˶˳ȥڵϲЦŵѪӡ
׼ֵͬʱչԼǿҲ׷׽µѪӸΧס
ǰһʵߣ㲻úõĶǴţܵʲôĿɲҰĵط
ѪǸģЦ˵ϴӰˣϷһֱڻⲻ˹ģǺܿͻ棬һΣϷԲӳҵġ
ղߵǾ仰̽ûģҲѪӵĿڣ˵һ϶Ĵ𰸣ˣҾڸΪ˵ܹܿҡ
Ѫ˵ţͻȻٴηЦЦĸһз
Χһ±Ƶɽ˶ʱˡ
˿ҵҶɣ˵ʲôطķԣƶôһֶ
أϵҲῪЦ
ұ˵λҲ㲻ʲôڱһ˵ʶţѾǰѪˣסһǵа̾뢣Ǻˮʥ̵Ķߣ֪λ֪֪顣
ˮʥ̡ߡ˳ԾŴ͡
ʦ֣Ƕǵһа̺ˮʥ̣ܹһصһа֯ǲڶôܵǻĵĵˣ˵
¶һʱҲ޷ɽЩ˽̫ˣҲ˵йģҪȻɽҪҽ
ҸҪ˵Щʲô˵˵ƶ֪ô¶ˣ˿϶һֱƽı嵱УƽʱһõʱŻᷢ˵ֻһý飬ڱٿأǸ˻Ŵ˴ԶҪȻҲ޷ٿ塣
ԵɻһһĴ˵ˣһﲻҪۼϽԻصԼĵطغøԵɽͷҸоһصпܸˮʥˣҪɽ
ʵҸղҲйͷֻǲ̫ȷ뷨Ѫſ˵̩ԷֳԼߵʱҾ뵽ˡ
һ˵֮еٴλǻˣһЩ˻ߵغλʦʦʦʦܣһﶼҪˣԻصԼķغøֵķΧ鵽ǲģһﶼҪġ
Ĺҵ˼תһʱ뵽˺ܶ飬ĮѪӻ׽ʱھתιǵ֮£Ѫʹͣ˵һ飬ʱ˵һص׼ΧɽɽҲǧţƾЩҪΧɽкܴѵġ
Ҳ׹֮һصôĶôĵǿ϶̣ǾڸˮʥѾˣϺˮʥӴҪΧɽ㲻ʲôѵ顣
飬һ׽ĮѪ֮ѡ
¶ɽǱߵõϢһصòȡ˼ƻ
һصܿһΪ󵨵뷨Ǿ׷ǵټһ·ɽǴ˿̲ΧɽˣΧɽ
ʱҵɽɽôֻڴˣҪһ硣
ҵĵҲȻɽӣܶĿ⡣
û뵽ɽộ˸ȫˣǸɽûĸ𳡣һصͺˮʥ̵Ͻɱ֮£ҪɽҲûпܵ顣
ʱѪӼھתιǵĥ֮£ûнȫңΪؼǣûиҺˮʥҲ뵽֮С
֪ɺϣıѾãҲЩ׽
ڿԿ϶ǣһصͺˮʥ̵˱ȻѾɽ
벶ȸںһֺüı
һŵʱѪͻȻִСʮֵ˵ڲ֪ǲЩˣʲôƨǧţҪϷˣ


1774 嶾ƽͷ
ʱſ֮õѪӵ壬Ȼη塣
֮ǰ˵ʱõ̩ȻһΣȷõЩӲĺ˵ɽǧţҪߵС
仰˶ˣʱɽЩϵ־ŭ
±м಻סģֱӾͳѪӳɱ˹ȥ
һʮϵΪŭһ㳯Ѫն˹ȥСôĿƶɱ㣡
ϵ󣬻źüϵһ˹ȥ
Ȼ˽ͷѪη壬ЩϵЦΪ˱ʾ⣬Ϸ͸ɽһ񡣡
˵仰֮Ѫӵͻ˳Ҫһ㡣
үģһⳡҾ֪϶æһﲻҪѪӣȫˣ
˵仰ʱߵ˺ܿͷӦ˹һˡ
Һ˵ʱ򣬻˼շ仯ϵҵǰ
ҵĻЩɽϵȴҵĻɳѪӶȥ
жֲɽûмʶҺͰչɶ֪һֺˣòҪӴҪȻĺܲҡ
Ǽϸһ֮󣬿ֲ龰ͷˣһ̣ѪӵֱӴۿ֮б˳Ȼͷˡ䡱һ죬ѪӵֱӾͱ˿
ûѪӵȻԼ˿ѪĵǣΪֲǣѪѪϵⶼɫĹƳ棬ָĶУ֮бĵǣ˾ȥſھҧ
ѪԼ֮ҲܵӰ죬Ѿ˳߰׵ľ룬ȴǱǶѪƳ涼罦ˡ
ǰϣߵȫϵĺ棬ûбǶѪ͹Ƴв
ЩϵͲˣҪȥɱѪӵǼϵʱѪϵĶѪŽһ϶ʱð˰ɫĸֻһ¾͵ȫڵϲҺֹȻ󲻶иָĹƳ泯˹ȥܿǵ֮УǸҵľֱ˲ֱӡ
ʱһţЩæŴΧĹƳ棬ЩæųȥεڵϵЩɽϵ
ʱվڲԶĮҲ˹ҲѪϵѪŽˣðŸỊ̇ƤĴ䣬ĹƳ棬һ߳ܣһʹİүҡ
һĮӣкȻȥôȰҵҪǶ׹ƽͷ֮ĶҸͲ˽⣬ֻϧһڣ־棬һǧȫܹ㶨
ţҷĮһ˫Ҳ͹˳ȻӾƤһʹˣҪԼѵĽࡣ
Įˣ֪Ѿˣ˿϶ûȡ
ǣæк˺ˣٴ˼շ䣬ϵǵǰ
֮䣬ĮҲѿѪһۣѪȫĹƳ棬Ŵ֮еλϵ˹ȥ
֮ǰϣֱӱĮ˸ˣҵҲ˼
Ĵ͸ӵˡ
ĴȫЩĹƳ죬Ѿ߰˸ϵУڵϰֹ
̸ɫ䣬ֳ˲̫ϤĽͷһʱ䶼ûƽ֮
˺ܿ쵱ϣ˶˳֮⣬һҪ
ƽˣмĳ˹ƶô죿˾ŵ˵
ǶǵĽͷ嶾ƽͷ˽ͷˣ϶ԻҲǴãܿͻûѾȲˣһҲͽƽ˵ģȫ˳ȥҲˡ
߰˸ѪӺĮѪеˣ嶾ƽͷ嶾ƽͷǹƶ֮ͽͷ壬˵ΪĽͷ֮һߵ⣬ȴǵ˾ֻڼʹĥȥƽ˺˶ˣǵĻǺܹõģ󲿷˶Ŵ汼ȥǿҲϽ˳֮⣬嶾ƽͷ̫аˣصĹƳ棬ҧһڣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ɲī֮ˣ֪ҲûãǿͳŴⱼ˳ȥ
ڳ˳Ǽ֮⣬ɽΪߵܿ죬Ƭ̣󲿷˾Ͷ˳ȥֻ˻˺ɽõļ
һͷһְۣչߣչզߣ


1775 
СŸ磬Ҫ㲢սչ
Ͻ˳ȥɣϵĹƶûкءҹе
û¶ˣҾ϶ܰæչη˵
ȻߣҲܸߣǶСһ
Ҹչ˵ͬʱ˺ǼλõϼһѾˣǼ˸ó˼ɽʦǼ嶾ƽͷϵ˹ȥ
Щϵ˽ͷ֮󣬻Ķḯãʹ쳣ѾйƳǵ嵱˳³ҲѪһѶʬ޴治˵ѪⶼҪָĹƳ档
Ϊǽʹ࣬˺ϲòʹɱ֣ԼͬΪֶΣɽʦܿǼϵϣȻֱ𷢳ˡ䡱ľ죬ҵȼʦʮǿֻ˲䣬Щ˾ͱȼˣյž졣
ҺͰչҲûš
£ҽһգʹһлһ֮ʱڴ֮߿
ĮѪӵ屬ѣﶼĹƳ棬ҪЩƳС
һɫĻϵĴ֮ߣصĹƳ߶ȥǶյž죬չеĻ𾫳ҲʮְԵұû𾫳ҲһųɫĻߵĹƶҲȫճ˻ҡ
ܿտһ٣ôһ¡
Ǽ˵֮£ЩƳܿ˴룬ʣµǵһЩƳҲͲΪǡ
ʰĲˣŸٵĳſ˹
ھҺͰչʱǻ˽Ųһ٣ҺͰչ΢΢һͷ˵ղţлˡ
ʾãЩܳ˵Ѿǰˡ
ﻹЩⲻȥһ˵ˣҲ֪ǻӣ治ҸĹ
ƶ֪һжһصڱ޹أɽѣλԮ֣ƶм˾ȻҲһ˵
˵ʵ˵λɽƽ̣һʱ仹Щܲˡ
ؼԮ֣ȻЩֶΣǸλɽĴȣǲ˺ܶĻеκһǶ֣Щ߿ˡ
治֪⻪ôġ
˵֮ǻ˱еļ˴ҴҵĳȥϿҵҲ֮࣬ǰǰ˵⡣
ҺͰչһۣܿҲŻ˳˴ɺǿһ֮Щĳ϶ûȥվʲôȻ俴˴ҵȳ׷ӭѯ
ڻ˸ɽЩʱ򣬰չȴСŸ磬˶ܿ
Ҳ֪ΪɶôﻹЩأϾѪӺĮǴġҵ
ȴһ϶ͲģҲõģɵӲŻֲҪھһ˶ںˮʥЩ˽⣬˹ǣסˮʥ̵ˡһصͺˮʥһҪΧɽɽʱ֮ΣŽʱ򣬶ڶһۣ᲻֪ôǳյĵ
һǸ˾˵˼Ħͨ͸
ˣǸˣһ²ɽˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ܿ죬ҾͷӦ˹ɫһܷʲô飬ǶҪۼһǧҪɢƲ֮һصͺˮʥ̵˾ͻˡ
ǼţҲڸϷԸŵֵһصͺˮʥ̵顣
Ȼ󡰻һЩϵ㳯Ÿɢȥ
ֻǻûȫ뿪ͿԶѪŽɽŻԶƽˡ²ãһصа˴ǧ˹ɽɽŴҪˡ
Ǹ˵ʱһ׷ͣ˽Ųǡ
˻æɽɽзһصͺˮʥ̵Щں֮ôƵģ
ȥһصͺˮʥ̿ɲʲôں֮ڣսʮǿʱˣСǡ
ղֻһУɱɽĺüϼǻûȫʶ˵Σԡ
һѪĵ˵ǽǸϵЩȫ׽ˣٰĥ˹ƶͷЩŵӶסˣ㽫֮Щаˡ


1776 Ѫƴһ
׹ƽͷʮֲֿһ϶ЩֶΣԼͬ˲䱻ʳ߽⣬ʬ޴棬Ǹ˶ܲסôѹĸҲ˵
һβ߼ˣһصĴһֱû¶ҲɽһһֱʣһҪ˸éɽɽ
治֪ˮʥôһصһģѵǳζͬ
ϸһ룬ܿŵ
һصѪկڰϹľڣϹڶǵĹңˮʥа̣ˮʥΪѪկĹϵŸһصˡ
ѪկֱܵӹϽ϶Ǻˮʥ̵
һصͺˮʥΪаѪկڰϹҲǺˮʥܹǵģΪѪկıһصܣǿԻã޷̲
ˮʥܹһԭΪһصˮʥʲôɸ˵ĽףһԭһֱҪĶԸңϴҴֵˣһֱڻҵ˻ᡣ
ǼҪȵɽûôˡ
ùߵģǹɽϵģ˳ϴɣºˣϴˣȴ˸յ顣
һ˵һصôϾҪɽɽţЩϵ־ŭ
˺ֵܿжٵֵ
ֻм˶ѣӻ˵ļطҲڻҪֵ
ƽˣøɣǵ׸ô죿ף׼һ˵
ʵЩ˲Ϊ׼ɽģǹɽֻǺܿ컻һĿѣ飬ҲǼ֪
˳Ƭ̣Ȼ˵˷ȥȥһơ
һ£ٴɢȥ
ϣȻһͷĹ򣬱㿴Ǽվ߲Զ
˶һ£Ŀҵϣ˵ҶɣԸԸƶȥһƣ
Ȼƽ룬ȻƳ١һֵ
ٲԣȻϿٵĳɽ±ȥ֮䣬˾ͲӰ
Ǽ֮⣬ٰ˲ֶ֮⣬ܹǡ
ԣҲżֻһ·Сž׷ȥ
Ȼ׷ɽʱ򣬿ֲͳˣҲ֪ǲˣȻ䣬ҾȻɽ´˼ǹ죬϶ڷ̡
ֹƬ̣⡰ա͸ܼ
ǹǹġչЩ˵
һصعأִĻǺˮʥ̿϶ػĵĹأڶǵʱ򣬾ͱˮʥ̵ǹ׷ܣⲢΪ棬ɽΣˣЩɽϵϵһĸѧƵģ뵽ǻǹȻҪԴġɲ޵ǵ˵
׻˵ĺã乥ٺãһǹŵ
ңûǰ֮£һӵϣǿ϶ҲԴԽӶܷɳ
ЩɽϵΪߣмһܹķŵֵסӵģ
ڴѩʱϾͰ˲ӵ͹ҵˡ
߼ҲǸ첲šȣǿĻѹ֮£ҲɲϺܴó
աӵԽԽܼڶ
һصͺˮʥѾɽš
ǿﾭֳܹ棬ɫˣʵСŸ磬զ죿
ҿɣø⣬ֱ˵°ɣܰͰﲻǾͳߣСﲻֵá
Ѳƶɽëϵǰʱ仹׷ɱңҲǸոջһ¶ѣǼΪƴ
£һٴγɽ¶ȥûͻȻ߷һ죬ŵǼæſ˵ϡ
ſڵϺһҵĶ䶼졣
°չҲɵˣӵֵȥʲô
һˣߵôģô˵طģ
̫Ҳ
һҧ³ɳŭǣܵĵĵҰ۾޻أ
һ˵ҪģչʱԾȻСϲ˸ɼˣҪѪƴһ


1777 Ūǣ
һصͺˮʥǴ㶯ˣһҪɽ׵ƽĽࡣ
ˮʥ̵˽ڶ˳ˣȫһ̵ִļơ
ߣѿǸˣһڵûǵϣȴǵһʼ˵вⶼ־ֿ֡
꣬
ڻĵĵϣ֮ƴӦڽԹ⽭ԹûǾǲعأ̫عˣֲصˣӦúݺݵĴֱӸŪ
ݵľֹбķŭղҪվڵڵĵطǼﻹڡ
ڻĵĵҰû۸ǻû
Ūǣ
һкֵܼȫè˾ͳɽ³ȥ
ԽܣǹԽԽܼɽЩϵĶסЩǹڵĹҪȻɽŴҲôͱȥ
һ±˴ԼʮӣȻͿǻޱȵսɽİٸʿһȺµһص˴ףЩ˵УŲٺɮԼˮʥ̵ĸ֣֮⣬һЩǹڵ˳ɽЩȺܼĵطһɨ䣬вɽĵʿѪ֮С
Ͳǽƴһֲɱ̫ˡ
֮ǰһɽƽ̻˺ɽϱһһ棬ܿ㱻һָסȥ·
ߵʱұʾڲݴ֮УȲҪ۲һ˵
סȥ·ҲˣҶһòİ׻ϣһصնȺ֮оͱ˳һͳŻͿ˹ȥ
˿ⷬ棬ȻҲ־ŭǰ׷꽣ǻ˵У׻һն˱׷꽣ԾȻŰ׻ϴ˹ȥ
һ޴ĺ֮Ȼұ㿴ǰ׻ϱ˵׷꽣һĵĲͣЪ
϶ʱҲ˸סˣסǵ˳䳤֮⣬кˮʥֲ̼ĺɮЩɮ֮ǰڶǼЩɮһǵĲ˹һͷͷҲֻȭͷСӦöСӤԴЩɮһ֣͸¶һɷ֮ҲĿ׶һĺ⣬ߴĴһ͸϶һš
ߵײһ𣬸ûκｻûģǾֻһ֡ɱ
˫͸жƵģһΪһЩɮߣƮŲٿֲӤ飬ϺХȥһʱ佫߸ָġ
ͻȻɽλִ˼޴ĺлӸɽͷ
һصͺˮʥһɱֲ̫ˡ
ֱңһοɽҪסˡ
ɽĴɱ𣬼ֱͳһսǰɽĵʿǻ궷һǹɨ䣬˵¡
ǻ˴ϹҲЩټʮӣɽЩɽŵĵʿҪȫû
ǿһۣЩҵСŸ磬ϲȥٲȥɽЩ˾Ҫˡ
ż֪֪ˣսСȹ۲ϸսٶҲ٣ȥҲû̫ã˭ܶסӵ˵
ܿ죬ұ˾ϣ˵ǿûУһ׿ĵط߸вپѻֻǹĺˮʥ̵ˣЩŻɱ޴ֻнЩŻȫˣǲлأûʱˣǱսپһҺǿȥߵȺˮʥ̵ĻŶӣС׺ȥɵұߵģҪ죬һӾҪüˡ
Ǽȫ˵ͷұǿ˼ٰ˲ӵʱ䣬ʮŻЩһЦţĳЩɽĵʿǹɱĲˣɱɱһûκ
ɽ֮أȻЩһ̣ӣܲ
ҺǿʮҵĵطһǿŽҪȥȴֱһ˹
ǿһ㶣æ˵ϣС˵СŸ磬ҸɶǲҪȥ𣿡
ɵȥôŸа취űǣһȥС
˵ţұ㽫ͭǮǬ˱˳һ±ͷ֮ϣͭǮһ˲ͱҴ߶ˣһ죬ٵͭǮɡ


1778 һݴ
ͭǮٵɣŪĶСǱ˿ΧĺɱǹֱӸڸסˣͭǮͷ֮󣬺ܿɼٵͭǮɢǧһʱâ貣죬ʱЩǹĺˮʥ̵˲űͭǮŪĶĿĹâ׷תԴȥ
ǿⱱͭǮʱһȫɵˣԭЦҲ˲̡
ڴʱЦݽԶҵָһǧͭǮʱŮɢһĳ泯Щˮʥ̵ǹֺɨ˹ȥ
Ǹоһˬ˵á
Щǹĺˮʥ̵ļһÿһ˶мʮͭǮһͭǮ͸ȫɸӡ
үģǹô
СүеͭǮȻǹȴǹɱӾ޴
ЩˮʥǹļһһһַȫѪ֮Уǽһҡ
ЩǹһҵߵǹȻһͣƴɱɽһصԼˮʥ̵˵Ŀȫ߿˹Ǿ岻ѣ϶룬Щ˾ôҵأ
˵Ŀⶼ۽ߵʱұ߰չɸǵطҲ̴һĲҽУһǹֻðŻʹ󺰴е˳
ֶο϶ǰչĻ𾫳ųĴһ
һһźһź۵ұߣЩǹֵһζЩǹַ׷׵ڵϣɷڣʹĲҺ
չǱҲˡ
͵ϮĺܳɹǹڻͻȻȻֹ
ɽЩвıЩһЩûˣǵĽЩһصͺˮʥ̵˶ʼ
Ǹ㲻ʲôЩɱ޴ǹ֣һӲʱȫҵˡ
ʱ䣬ƽ̻˴Щɽĵʿ˷һ㿪ʼ˷ˡ
ڴʱһЩĿɿڴǿٺһЦ˵ǿ߰ɣȥװȵʱˡ
ǿͷһۣһĴָ̾СŸ磬ţȣҷ
˵䣬Һǿ˲ݴԣЩͭǮſµǹֶȥеĳû͸ģֱȥٿһֱӽǵ
ߵĶɽЩȫȻǻҲע⵽ˡ
ڸ׻ƴʱ򣬻˻ͷһۣ˵Ҷɣɽݶ飬ˣձؽ𡣡
һػƴİ׻Ҳңŭ˵㣬αҵϣӣ
˵գ׻еնһΣһ±ܿ˻ˣҪǻ׻ϳɱ׷꽣һ±˺üѣɵ˰׻ϵңסȥ·ǰ׻Ϻһæҡ
ǰ׻ϣҺٺһЦ˵׻϶ǻԩ·խŰСүһݴ񣡡
˵ţұ㽫éɽǬ˱˳ٵ˼־ȻһΣϱɱЩˮʥ̵ǹ֣ǵʬȫͬһʱ
һ̣ЩǹֵʬˢˢĵϿٵĳ˺ëһо޴ĲƵģ⼸ʮǹֵʬ󲿷ֶ˺ëʬǻǵȼܸߵëʬ
һбһϲҵΪ־˲٣ëʬһ¾ܸ
Һϲ
ղ˵Ҫ͸ǰ׻ϵĴ񣬱⼸ʮߺëʬëʬƹǺһˡ
壡
еéɽһ춯ЩëʬëʬȫԾ𣬳Щˮʥ̺һص˹ȥ
ЩëʬҲˣЩëʬԵЩ̫ˣëһʮԶȺ֮УһצӾͺɨ˺üһëʬһ죬ֱӽһˮʥ̵ĺɮԴҧˣѪŷɵĳֱҪ̫ˡ
ԭۿžҪɽЩ˵ʿЩʬļ룬ʱȹס˾棬ʱ䵱УɽǱһٶ˱ǹˣνʧء
ֻҾãɽЩֻȹס˾滹һøǼӵϣһͿزС
뵽һǬ˱ңȴһкһɺɷԾȻܿͻΣҵСŸ磬Ҫඡ
ţȹԣ㿴Щ𣿳ûдģһȫɱһҺ˵
ȵ˵ͷҧҧ촽Ȼٵ˼۵˵зҷرؽУ


1779 ˧
Сȿ԰ָҢѧ˲ֶΡ
һϣ˷ͻȻһźɫĹΧĿ˲һҺǿסһ£ЩɫĹһʱҲж٣֮飬ȫˡ
ЩɫĹͣתһȫΣǹŴģֻһĹֱһģɫף÷󵶳ìƺƵ˵ҲǧǰЩʱ򣬸оЩ̫ʵӰһ㣬һΣоǻһƾð˳ߴ䣬ǧսӣţȺ䡣
ؼǣһϣһΣҲǹֲġ
Щˮʥ̺һصЩһƾðô׵һȫŵɫ䡣
һΣʵϣ߶Ǹ߳ࡣ
ЩǻˣǱȻ˸ӿֲеĵ˵һܹҪͨĵǹЩϸһãʮķܽһնĻɢ
վɽ֮ϣôɵóһ˿̣ҾҾһ󽫾һ㣬ر׳£Ҳһ󽫾һȴһɱɱЩаˣ
ٴһǺƺƵĹŴֱӴ˷Щһصͺˮʥ̵˳ɱ˹ȥ
ɱϣ죬սĺŽǴ
սʼˡ
ȵҲһɺɷսȦ֮УʼȥЩɮųӤ֮ģЩ˵Ǵ󲹵ģĵС
㳡ɽЩʿȫɱĸ𾢡
Ȼߵǣ˧룬ӲԶͻȻιһźЩͻȻƬƬĵ£ȻɢЩ֮аһˣҿǸ˭һֲЦǺþòˡ
үģˡ
˵ղΪʲôһֱûмԭСһֱں棬ǵҳء
ԣһҪûг֣ǱһصϣҲûϵȥأ
Ҫ˵Ͼĺ֮Ѫӿͽܣ֪߶ˣȻͽܵɽһ̳ɱ߰˸ɽϼɽĻ̡̻
ѵҲڵȴҵĳ֣
һ뵽ұЩղ벶ȸںǻȸǸݣֱˣһŴ
һ߳ˣǻɶ˵ģչкһ˵ز˾ඡ
ҵк֮СҲű˹Щڴ˴˴éɽƵЩʬҲɽЩ˼ֿ
ܿ죬ɺͰչҲǵߣĸ˴һֱӵͷܣһ̵ĵطȥ
ղǾͼƻˣɽߵ鷳ܰͰܰͳǽô鷳һṩôǿ֧ԮҲ御ˣܲܽС
һܣһ߻ͷȥߴʮӤͷĺɮ׷˹
ǵٶȺܿ죬ߣоһƬѹʮѹ
ɽĵ·ҲϤֻǵͷһܣߴŵʮɮٵĳǱƽ
ʵܹܵĸһЩΪٰ˲ֶΣֲܶ°չǶ
һĸûӣٶȺܿ죬Сʱ֮Ҳ֪ܵʲôطˣڹ¡ˣɭܣ֮ǰЩǹɱҲˡ
һͷȥʱߺʮɮû׷
ղһܣһͷȥ
ҪܵʱͻȻ䣬ǰһֵĴ𣬳ߺݺݵ˹
ɶǣ
ҵס˽ŲԾȻһл㾦֮һɫĹֱǿô˹ȥ
ܿ죬ɫǿôײһ𣬽Ǵײķѡ
м֮ʱһӰȻǵǰǣ˺ٺٵһЦƵ˵ղҾ˵㣬ǿ϶ʳԵģʲôղŵȥˣ
˵䣬Ǹ˻תһޣվǵǰǺˮʥ̵Ķߡ
һˣǼ˶׷׳ź
£ҹ򶨵˵ߣʲôʱǸһصʼǱΪˣ


1780 
ߵǲżǶ֣ǺһЦ˵ɲҪ˵ôǺˮʥ̸ǻĵһصǾϺıչҲΪǿǿ֣ǺˮʥȰһصƽĵϰʱһصҲǺˮʥ̰ƽǵϰ޷Ǿǻöѡ
£Цһ˵ߣ̫ˣһصҰĺܴ󣬹֮յĽǽǺˮʥһ̲ˣ˵ʵǺˮʥ̵ʵһصȣ治ǲһǰһѪկͿ԰ǵΧ֮ڣҲֻܸɵۣҽѪկôţ˵ûɣ
һصͺˮʥ̶ʲôǺһ𣬲ʲô飬ԣҴһ£ǲãҲҪ٣Ӷҡ
˴֮ˣôҵ˼ƵЦǲЩͷˣǵСڱǰŪֱЦʵ֮ԴӦһصһܴԭôܹӱӳȥ˾޽Уȴһһֱڻܾˣֻýһصڻĵ͵͵Ǳ룬ɱСӣҲһԸΣӲˡ
Ŷԭô¶Ը겻ˣСүһѾˡҺٺЦ
һԲϣ߱㶯ŭеıһһը죬㳯Ǽ˴˹
߶֮ǰеĽҲƴҲ˷һл㾦һɫĹֱӳߴ˹ȥ
ʱУջ˱ӣٴγҳ˹һٰ˲
ͬʱҲٵĶȥһɫĹ
ͬʱչɺǿ׷ɢΧ֮ƽ߸Χǰչ˹ԪնֶΣһΣߵĺ棬һΪĽ߿˹ȥ
չĹԪնĻ־˼֣һҶûпôĽһ¾͵ߵߣҷߵĺӱչеĽնһ飬߹һȻһֳŰչ˹ȥչýֵһóĽϣһµɳȥʮԶ
һֻǵ˰չĽϣû̫ˣչһӷڵϣ˼ٴγһΣչֱɫķһڻ𾫳ϣǻ𾫳ֱһɫĻһεĳ߳ɱ˹
߶ԸչʱҺǿֳɱȥһΣҲ˻𹥣߶콣еĻһƵ֮һɫĻҲӽ˳ԽԽ󣬳߶ȥ
չĺɫҵɫֱһͬߡ
ǿֶҲʵһѣõµǽһΪԵһнǣͳߵʱǿ˴һߣ¿ٵ̤еĽҲڿٵ趯гϣһʱǵĽ֣гǣЩҲӿߡ
ȫΪĽΪĶĽҪƽǵл
ڹߵͬʱҿߵı鿪ʼһ˿ĻңܿӦԵİ취иеһ˲仯һڵĺ趯ݣֱӭɫĳ
ߵǳ޻ĺҪɫĳ˺üȦ͵һſڣ㽫ɫĻɵˣȻǺɫĳϱ㷺ɫĹâֱӽǺɫľȼˡ
ߵһֻһŹֵķһġd͵Ĺײ˰չɫĻ֮жʱһը졣
Ըǿʱϵĺ۸һ֣Ǻɫĳ۱㽫ǿǵĽǺɫĳҲ
Ǻˮʥ̵ĶǿлҲܹƽ⣬ȻЩǱ
һ̣һ֣ȼŵĺɫٴУ˱ӣǱȼţٴγҺɨ˹
ǿһ߻ĽУʱ㲻ٴǰֻÿٵ˳
һ̫ǿˣƲĶ֣ķӸǲҽ
ǳ޴æһٰ˲Ǳų˺üô
֪ǺõʱͻȻ䲻Զִ죬һͷһʮͷĺɮֱ˹


1781 
һĸ˾ЩԸˣԶͻȻðʮӤͷĺɮһЩɮɱǼΧסǼ϶Ҫȫ
һΣǶɱǼڱصãҪӳ׷ɱѾˡ
ҿЩɮչҲˣһʱ䣬˵϶¶˾֮ɫЦǵڵˣ
ЩɮûиϵҵٵӦ֮ߣܿҸԶʹһɫҲ΢΢ͷȻҳߴһ콣ˣܹս֮ȥ
һһٰ˲˹ȥ
ȻǼٰ˲߸ԶһЩ
֪˻ΪҶ˶ȥˣʵȻʵΪ˾°չǡ
ղҸʹǸɫҪɣһҽ߸ߣԸʮɮ
ڰչʵʮ˽ģǰչΪͻͽҵ֮⣬ţܹ֮ĻܹסЩɮѹе֮ͭзӡҲʮְԵֵܹһ
ǿõǽҲܲʮ˺ɮҪĸҪ΢ôһЩȻһž޴Σա
ҪԸ˻ңһӣ߿϶׷ǱȻģĸȫٱɱΣգȫת޵ҵϣԳܡ
ԼչǴᣬһɱǼɮǱĿܣҾȥˣܻܲⶼһܱ˶ҵǿ
Ȼһܣߺܿһź׷һ׷һǼ˵ϷǿˣΪСͦԭҲֶԼ飬ҲӲϷġ
߸һӣ߾׷ұʮ׵ľ룬ҲϵĶٰ˲ʼ޷׷Χ
ǰ˼ӣǱŰչǱߺԶˣѾЩɮ
Ĺ߸ҵľһЩ
֮䣬Һܿһϣһ֣ʦִǬ˱ק˳ҵǰһףʦڵϹһȦȻһӱ˻档
һ̣һΣֱ˶ʦֵĺϣԴ˶ʦֵĶߣ˵ʦ֣óٶȣȥɡ
ʦַһƺ𣬽·һ·񱼣ֱ۵糸һ㣬ٶȱҶٰ˲ֿ˺ܶࡣ
һͷȥʱǱŵ߸ҵľܿһЩ
ǶʦܵĿ죬УҲúͶʦߵ֮⣬һ߷׷ңٴ۷ȥԸչǣǿɾ鷳ˡ
֮ұöʦ΢ŻһЩ룬ٶԾɺܿĳǰһ·У㣬ұ׷˰Сʱһͷȥʱ򣬷߻׷ҡ
һǰһ׷ôã߶ûŹңҲ֪ʲôʲôԹȻҧסҲš
ǰһξ룬ͻȻǰһ޴ʯʯȥЩƣӿݣŲҵ¹⣬ҳʯ֮Ͽһۣʯ֮ϾȻ֡
׭֣Ҷű˺һ˳ǡء֡
Ҳ˵˿ѾŶʦִɽĽأֵطɽĵҲܽڣҪȻ϶Σա
ֵطӦøéɽڵڲ࣬һضЩŴʦڣǰطȥʮֵĻéɽһʮ롣
̧ͷʯʱߴһźٴ׷˹һ׷һŭ˵ߣ
үһ䣬Ŷʦ֣˵ֱӾʹ˽֮С
Ҳ֪ɽĽؿ϶֣Ǻ׷ߣҶԸûκεģ紳֮У˵߲׷ء
ˣ߿ܻ˵人Ʋ̫ʶ֣˵׭ˣҶǿϳ߿϶С
˼ߵɽдŽصǿʯǰͣһ¶ûУֱӳҺХ
ˣˮڣСүҲҪһ
ţҼԦŶʦһ·۵糸ȻʦǰҲһ׵ʱͻȻͷ˱ʣ˷ƿյ졣


1782 ͷ
֮ⰲ쳣ԴŶʦ̤֮ҵÿһ񾭶ĽģеֹаҲƴһƿʱ̱㾯еĽһ׷ɶ𣬼콣нߵʽ
һ֮껯ǧٵӰҵķ
ʱҲſķЩƿ첻ǱģһЩ˵ӣһһŵĴӰεض𣬷ֱӲͬķλ߷
Ҫһǰ˽ߵҺͶʦֵΧͱ˴һ㡣
ЩӶʱǧٵӰ˵֣䣬ɢ˵ϡ
ʱһͷȥʱ򣬷ҲһЩ˵Ӵ˷Χ߶ʱеһ˦һȦһȦĲסȫ޺ܿ컯һɫ״УЩȫǺϣȻ׷ױ˳ȥ
߶ЩӵʱѾŶʦֱ˺óһξ룬вʱҲ֪ʦִʲôط涼žҵҡҾֵĳȥʱȴִӷԲ׵ĵͻȻ͸˺ܶ
һʮֲֿķ
뵽ʱͻȻ䡱һӵðһŨҶȵĻȻһطҲð˻棬Ƭ̣˷ȫʮ׵ĺɫҺͶʦٴεİ
һʼŵĲᣬһ֮־òôˣʦֱǻԵģµǾǻ
ҺͶʦߵʱ򣬶ʦֿЩ˷ͣס˼ǣʦһſڣЩĻȫ뵽ԼڶʦֵĺϣҲûиоʲô̫ȵĸо
ǻкüӣϵĳҺͶʦǶʦĻҹҪЩĶˡ
ǻϨʱٴλͷȥ߾վжʮ׵ĵط¶һ˿֣󣬲ҹұͣԭأ߻˻֣˵ߣֵľ׷ûӰɣ㲻׷Сүɾඡ
ʹ˼߸Ѵܹ֮ɽķ֮г׽ɱòˡ
߲ɵＥ֮ûɥʧκǣֻվ۾ңҧгݵ˵ãҵţ͹ȥɱ㡣
Сүǡ˶ʦϣŶȣЦſߵ
ߺٺһЦ˵ǺãֵվﲻҪ
ðð㵹ǹǾûǸӹҲΪ˸ʱ䣬ӡ
Һһ׷һӣҲһСʱˣ֪չǱ߽ʮɮûУҾҲӦòˣ۷ȥӦҲٴߡ
ʵҲҼɽĽˣԽߣõķԽһرһؿֲˣ󣬶ʦֵܹһأ˭Ҳ֪ʲôֲ飬ŪСֱӾûˡ
߲ҹұ֡
һ̷飬Ҿ°ֲ̫ͣ꣬ˡ
ҾȻվһģԴӼϷ˳ģ˰֮С
һԴһ࣬ģⳡ濴ž޶˹졣
ܿ죬Ҿ֪һɶˡ
׻˵ĺãƳϣзͷ
˵еĹƳ֮УֻнϹΪֲģ۽ͷǱǷͷΪͷͷΪĽͷܹɷͷĴָͷĹ߱һ
һϵǸǧƣһʼĻƱǽϣֻǺˣȽϹƸΪֲһִڡ
ɵеߵԴȻֿһվûԴ塣
һ˲䣬ҸоԼԴըˡ
Ĳ˵ôˡ
һ̣붼ȥ룬ֱӴߴŶʦָϽܣͷôж˳
һߵӾͲý棬ֱڰзž׷ҡ
ԣҲòǰܡ
һܣ߶ʱŵ㲻˵ôС
үģ˭˭Դ⡣


1783 
֪жԷʵ֮£ҪԷģǾˣǰһôɣǻ켣ˣҲһЩĹʹ򣬴򲻹ܵĵһǶġ
ڷͷǰҲֻ˵ǴûмҲǿˡ
ҵԸһӲ뿴ֲаŵ
Ŷʦ֣һεķ۵糸ɽĽ룬Ҳ֪ʲôֲ
ûǷͷٶȺܿ죬һ·ų׷˹Դһĳ趯һը죬űľȻ䣬Ƿͷͷɵҵͷ֮ϣȻ̽һسӣϯ
ڶʦֵĺϣһ㳯ߵĳϿ˹ȥ֪߲ܣֱĳӲסҵĽ꣬Ȼ˶һԴſѪڣҧ
ڴʱʦһͷ³һԪ֮ԴƮ˹ȥ֪ԪײֻջԴͲסҽĳӣȻֱһſڣ³һںŶʦֵԪ˹ȥ
Ҹеֵǣ³ǿںȻֱӽʦ³ԪϨȥ
һΣһ죬һźϯŻԶҾһ˷ɶ죬ʵǲʲôһƬƳ棬ֻǸͷССʮֵܼԿȥŻǺ
ЩƳʦֵԪ֮Ϩһҵϣ˲ܽҿʳһѹͷӣ˵ͷӶʣ¡
£һֱ֣ʩչ˻һ׳ɫӽ֮籡ЩɫĹƳȥɫĻһ·ЩϸСĹƳű˴Ƭ
Ȼ߼ĵĳӳϯ
ֲĳ棬ûģͨ˿һԴһ໹ڰ֮зУŵĵȥʵҲЩ
һ߲ͣĸͷϵ߾һ߿ŶʦּǰܣţȴҲִ֪ʲô󣬵ϵĻĲȻͬʱ趯һ¾Ͳס˶ʦӣЩһЩĲͷϵ߲ƶȥ
ͬʱҲһЩĲƵҵϡ
ȥʲôŹ֣
ڶʦϵЩ˵ʦһϵתʱЩȫȼˡ
ڲߵЩҲа취ʱ߸ķͷȫǽͷƶ֮ЩһߵǴ棬̱㱻ʴˣðڵİ̡
ЩƵҵϵʱ˲һţ˵ӵеĲľ֮еԽ߾īڸҵ׿ֲķǣæ߶˷ЩֲҵƬ̣ܿȥұٴοЩľͷϵߵķͷƶȥ
ȻǾ綾ĽͷκطĲľǣȡ֮֮ߣһұ㽫ЩľȻٷŰѻͷȥ
ЩľҷĿ֮·ɿȫǻһ㣬ͷϵķͷȥ
һʱ䣬ҲЩǷͷӦӲϾ
ղôû뵽һأ
ۿЩľԽԽ࣬콫ǷͷʱûԤϵַˣ֪ͻȻ˺ܶ⧲֮䣬Щһ¾ͽʦֵȸҲһϢĽҵȸסˣҸоԵʱ򣬵ͷȥ͵һգҺͶʦһͨڵأŲԶһطקС
ʦֶʱҪϵ֮Ӹڻ˲յͨ죬ȴûڻʱҲſķӲͨӣõǰͬһֲʣɽȴӣ֪Ǹɶõġ
ϸȥʱ򣬷Щϲ˺ܶ
ʵӱǲᶯģЩϵӽҺͶʦָ˵ϡ
־ֻţᵽʲôŹ֣æ˽꣬ϵһͿĻ䣬Ӻܽʵնϡ
ͼòľ֮ϵʱ򣬷ֻһǿڸҿ⣬ֹҿЩֲ
ҺͶʦקټʮףǰǳһضʦȾ͵Ǹض֮Уڵȥ֮ǰסһôȴֵ


1784 ʬ
Ҳ䣬ӼǸضʱʶ˫ֺץһѣ룬һѾץסһôȻĽ䱧ס
Ҳ֪ض澿ʲôӦòɶö
ұסͬʱܹŵض֮ƮɢһŨŨ⻹һʬ帯õζƮɢ˳Ҫǵȥ׶༪١
ԣôΨһ֧ţֻıסţȻǽϰסҵӵȴԽԽ󣬽ҵĽģҲ֪ʦֵȥˡ
̧ͷȥߵʱ򣬷Щסð˴Ị̇Ҳò˶೤ʱ䣬ЩҪ丯ʴĸɸɾ
ק֮ԽԽƬ֮ұŵǿôͻȻкֹƬ̣ǿôֱӱקȻ˴ֱӾ͵˵ض֮С
ڵȥһ̣군ˣСҪ
ǰһڣҵӼٵ׹䣬׹ͬʱһû˶òľ֮öеҲƶ˭Ҳ֪ⶴжȥˤͲˡ
ЩҲƶ½ٶȶȻ˺ܶ࣬գһǵ˶ˤĵҲǺۡ
һض֮ұ㽫ǿĴƵһߣܿȥǽϵҲͻȻһɣ˲١
ܺһƬԶһŻ⣬ӦǶʦֵӰ̧ͷһۣضŵʮϵȣǶ׵ܴһƿһĿռ䣬Ķڲ󣬶Χһͽȫˣ͸
֮ȶһ飬ŶʦֵķһۣҪ߹ȥơ
ʦʵ࣬ڲԶһ
ҸҪжʹһûУûĻϽϷٸսٻغϡ
ɵȱ
ߵһž߷һ֮ʱڶڴʧˣҲǺ±Ӹض֮С
ʦ֣Ӧһɶ㣿ҳŶʦֵķһʦĪʵЩţȻһɤӺȥ֮󣬽ϵӽűһҳŶʦֵķ˹ȥϵܴҸãȻʮԶ֮ӽһ٣ײһŰ׻Ķ档
ŶʦɢĹҶһЩ׻ĶǱģȫǳƬƬİ׹ǣЩʬ廹ûȫãɢһ˱ǵĳ
ûҿķŽϲŵһεҵӲײǰŵİ׹ǣǰֱʮ׵ľ룬Ȼ͵˶ʦֵߡ
תͷһֶʦȫӽţʦϵ֮ȥڻЩӣЩֻǱյĳ죬ûڻļ
ҷӦӲԶһ˵Щɻ˵ЩԽԽˣƶһֻðĻޣզɽĵһһȻⶫŪҡ
˵һҶԴȥŶʦϵȼĻ⣬Ȼұ㿴ǰĶϾȻһˣǸ˻ӲƣһӴùϴ˹˵棬źܶİ׹ǣһʱҲж١
ҵĿǸϵʱǸҲڿңҵ۾Ǿ֣ԷѪȷǰһͻȻһĹЦ˵ѽСӣϸƤģ϶óԵĺܣ
˵ţǹ˱һӣҵٴγ˹ȥ
ҸղһķϹŵǸˣһ߽ʬ۾Ѫ죬ϻۼ׳ڶͷϻһǣι״ģǸʬңڸʬΪ˽⣬ǰ߽ʬһ۾˳ֽʬһʮʬ֮ʮĶʬԲ̣¶ݣѪ⣬ǿֲ
ɽĽ֮ôôֲ
ҵӿٵıǶʬק˹ȥҪǶʬУ϶Сûˡ
˵ʦôҶҲҷԭǱǰ⶷ʬŵġ
ڱǶʬʱҵ˫ֺҵİǳŵ棬ǰֱ϶֮ҵͻȻץסһ͹ڵʯͷȻ˫ıסӾͱֱˡ
СӣҪˣӲȥƶʹһǶʬЦ


1785 ӡĴħ
ʬʵϸ˵ڽʬһʬʽһʮʬеһ֡
ܹΪʬڣǵпɾˡ
ҪȻͶʦǰ׺ĴڣҲŵſһ
Ƕʬһסȵһʱҵӱıֱҵ˫ıסһ͹ʯͷɻǱĸоҪʬĸо
Уôܸһ߶ʬǸûʲôȥ϶Ҫʬ롣
£ɿһֻ֣һֻǬ˱֮УٵĽһ˳ǷҼүʬרԸʬĽʬõġ
ʬԸʬòġ
ʬ֮Ҷ˵Ĭһھע뵽ʬ֮УȻɿ֣תͳǶʬ˹ȥ
һĽʱʬľɢһûô¶һԶĶʬϡ
ǶʬʱһҽУ˴İɫʬӺݺݵŶײ˹ȥ
ضоĻζһ£ʯϻĹ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬תӵϷ𣬾еĽ꣬תͳǶʬ˹ȥ
ʲôֻҪǽʬǾزݵаһɶҪնݳԣһһȫɽ֮ƣǶʬԴݺݵľһӡ
һ죬ǶʬԴϡ
һ¿ȥҲûнǶʬ룬һڶ˺ˣһֶȥ⶷ʬԴôӲ궼
һûе֣һӷȵ˵֮ϡ
ǶʬûзӦæ˽꣬ƾĽУϵһ϶һĹ֣ӻ䣬ǱҸˡ
֪ǲΪʬԵʣ˿ӵ֮˺ܶ࣬ʦҲ˳˹
£Ҷ˵ֱӽʦָУװǬ˱УͳŶڱ˹ȥȻ߶˲ľ֮öڴסҵӣҳŶ
ⶴҿɲҶǶʬ̫ˡ
ڻҪ
Щľҵӵ˶һλõڣ˵߸һİڽ̸
ղˣһֱûжҪȥƣȴоⶴдֲڣ֪ʲôߵ
ʥⶴ²ã˴ɽĽأ֮зӡȫǼǧĴħû취ԲŻᱻڴ˴Ҳ֪ⶴ﾿ʲôȻȥûĿܣǻ뿪ɣСɽǴ¡һİ˵
洫ߵʱұͣ˶ϣȥˡ
Ͳˣ߶ס˶ڣȴһ߶ʬڵңҲϣҲ£ЩѰ
һɱģɽһص飬ϷϵϷȷһûС
ʥǸһصЭģɽǿ϶ҪҪȻԺҲܰǣʥ𡭡߰ɣ˵ز˾ɽĽ֮пɲֹһħһĸħͷ˭Ҳȥһ˿Ȱ
ðɣǾ߰ɣһٹƣɱǼ˵һȥǵңһûץýȫɱˡֵ
һǴ۷ȥԸչˡ
Ҳ֪չûнʮɮ˻ã۷ȥǿ϶Сˡ
磬ȻŲ뿪ҪƵȥȻ䣬֮ͻȻִһӲ죬һãҪϽߣ
£ҿٵĴ߶ľ֮ЩٵĽҳŶǶ֮ͻȻ߰˸ӣ˷ҲƶеĽ굴˼ȴһ²ס˫ȵĽףȻ͵һգұٴαӸصĳ͵ЩסӵҲȫˡ
Ƭֱ̣˶ףȻӳǶʬķ˹ȥ
ôһǶʬַӦ˹£ٴʬǶʬ˹ȥֻʬиëܾظʹãһʹһΡ


1786 ʦ
һΣʬ뵳Ľɫâһ˺ܶ࣬ҲܿǶʬϣǶʬٴηһҺɽصϢҶ졣
ϵ͵һɿұٴҪߣϸû߰˸ͬʱϳֻвٰ˲ռôܶ㵽ȥأǶʬĵʮ֮ߡ
û£㱻һӾס֫ȻһεĳǶʬķ˹ȥ
ˡ⶷ʬ̫ˡ
һûȫ˽꣬ҪֽǷʬ߸Ŷʬȥ
ʬУʬܸÿ⶷ʬɣ
ʬ߱רſƽʬġ
ֻǲҽʬǶʬ͵һգ֮䣬ұ㵽Ƕʬߣһֻצӣһ¾ץסҵļ۵ҵһ
ֻﻹʬбţʬãֱʬͷŶʬ˹ȥ
ȻʱǶͻȻһֻצӣֱӽʬһ˻ȥ
⶷ʬһֻץҵļһֻʬ
ĿⲢûҵϣʬ棬һſֲĳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
˵治ܣ⶷ʬ̫ˣһƬ۾Ѫ죬дͨĽʬ˺üţͷϻǣű޶˿ֲ
ܲ˵ǣ⶷ʬǿϢʬ帯ζθһڣһ
ǶʬһʬȻſҵHôбŵɽ֮ʬ
ȵȡղ˵ʲô
˵ʬǱŵʬҲʬɽˣɽôɶʬڽصеĵض֮У
һ£аתǧأǶʬЩͷˣ˻ҵӣ˵˵ʬôϣ
Һܿع˵ҡҾɽ˰ʬΪʲôϣ
˵˵ʬֻɽƽ̲Żϣëûļһ˵Լɽƽ̣Ƕʬݺݵ˵
ҡҲɽƽ̣ʬҵģҵɽƽ̡һ˵
ǲʲôɽ飬ȻŻᱻ͵⶷ʬԴЩ̫⣬ٴҵ
ûаʲôҲûҾǺɽĽǸʲôطûкģԹƣȻСľͱ˶ǰܷܲһ˭Ҳɽˣҹֵ̿˵
ʱǶʬɫͻȻĻһЩȻҸ˵ϣϸһֵۣɽƽ˭
ҵſھ͵
Ƕʬһۣʵ˭ʲô
ҵǻˣɽƽ̣ѵ
⶷ʬԳɽˣҲ˵Լɽˣ˵ͬŵķݶϣ⶷ʬܷһǡ
ǶʬԴЩ̫⣬Դ˺һŵʲôʱƽ̶ֱֵˣƶط̫ˣ˺ˡ˴ƶҲΪ㣬Ͻ߰ɣϽ͵˹ƶþûѪˡ
Ƕʬˣɱ˺Ѫ͸Լҳ㷹һ⶷ʬˣһʱ棬ǰ˭ôط
ʬ̧ͷһۣ˵˵ӦýƶʦǣƶԴˣҲ֪ʲôˣƶУһʱ߻ħͳӣһ߶ʬƽʦָҹϵǳͬ㣬̽նɱԱ㽫ƶշӡɽ֮Уÿһʱ䣬һЩ֮˶ض֮ڹϷѪ⣬һ۾͹ȥô꣬ƽʦˣһţƽʦ֮ǰһأÿ¶ҪһΪ֮ˣ㿴Χİ׹ǱЩƶԵġ
һͷһʱһ亹ҵţⶴʬǣҲһǧߣǹ˵ġ
ŵɫˣǶʬһЦ˵£Ҳͬŵ⣬ÿȴҪһˣԵĻƶͻᷢ񣬾ͻңԼҲ֪ʲôµڳƶѣϽ뿪ɣҪȻһӲˣɾͿƲסˡ
ҵ˵ͷЩִٵһЦתҪ뿪ûǶͻȻȵȡ
һعͷȥСʦ棬˼һʲôԸ


1787 
ҶҪˣǶʬֺסңʱҵСֱͨ⶷ʬѵǷˣǿҲɽˣ
ϣǶʬͻȻһ֣ʬ˹û˵ʬɽƽ̵ֻƽ˲ſʹã㲻ƽʬûУ
֪ˣʦ棬͸ҵȥֿ΢΢һЦ
ûȥɣԺҪط֮зӡźֲܶĴڣЩֲĹЩƶ֪ʲô붪СͰԭ·۷ȥ
⶷ʬģֲɽ˵ȷӦò
£ҽӹʬٴлǶʬȻתȥֻһΣûǶʬٴκסң˵ȵȡ
ð׺ò׼ˣʲôͲһ˵ꣿ
Ȼ룬ĸ˵תЦ˵ʦ棬˼һʲôԸ
Ƕʬٴ´ۣԴ˵ôСü۵ĲǺأСӲƭҵİɣ㲻ɽĵӣ
һ£æϣʦ棬¶ôܿЦأҵĵȷȷɽĵӣ϶ǲġ
Ƕʬæҡͷ˵ԲԡҸоһɽûУղʹǽҲɽĽСӵǸɶİ
ȥ⶷ʬԴǲ̫⣬һһҲ֪״̬ǲ¶ףҿ϶ǳض
£һ˵ʦ棬ûƭ㣬Ҿɽĵӣ֮ɽзŲ࣬Ϊҵ͵éɽ˼ŵӣҸ߲úõѧҲûܹܵңԣȥһЩͷҲ֪éɽ˼ҿ϶ʲôķţҲֻѧһЩƤë
Ƕʬ˵ͷ˵ȷװʺˣҿСӵȷһеĺòϣԼúỵ́͵éɽȥɶɽı²𣿡
ǾǣҵС佣Ͻң׷꽣Լãøҡ͵
ϣС֪С佣ӦǱŵ˲ˡǶʬͻȻֺٺЦ
Ȼ󣬶ʬЦȻֵֹСӣҿϵǰѽҲƶơ
Ҫҵ׷꽣ῴʲôɣ
ȻǣҲ˵ɶϾҸ⶷ʬı̫ԶֻܹԹԵȻ˸ǽԾȻ
һâתǶʬ۾ʱ͵Բˣ˵ýýһѺýлӡһֻϹܹ꣬ٻƱл֮ܣƶҲҪη֣ղСӾ⽣õƶԴƶԴ죬þûԹôˡ
ҲˣλΨһһûбģҲ죬ղһҿʹȫ
һеĽ꣬ǶʬֵǴģһҲѷɫɽɽ֮׷꽣ƶéɽǸʦ϶ø㡣
һű⽣ʦ˸ҵģҲ֪˼ҴŪġ
һ˵ˣʬܿת˻⣬ʵ˶ˡСȥˣƶкþûмˡ
˼ұչغüˣڳɹλҲûмˡ̾Ϣһ
üһҲ˵С佣׷꽣ʬϣֽ˳⶷ʬҶûа취
ʬ˵ͷ˵ҾͿСгϢСҲƶǣΪʲôزˡ
ʵ˵⻰ʱǾܾģҲңǷûһɽΪǴ鷳ˡ
һǴǰȥǶʬܿһ˫צһ¾ץסҵļץס֮Ƕʬһ¾ͽǴͷţִӽͷ˫ֲĴצȥϵļƤһ㡣
֮󣬶ʬͻȻһ½ҷ˵ϣٴ¶˾ֵɫ
Щ˵㡭Сô¶
ʲôô¶ʦ棬ֲˣҾ
ǡҸղŸǵʱ򣬷㵤֮лӡǿһʬħ֮һǿֲԹᣬɽͳţôŹֵϢǶʬ
ʦ棬Ҳ̰µĻéɽʱҲ͵͵ܵéɽĺɽ磬ֱڤ˹ŹأӣȻ˸Ըӡ


1788 ʬħ֮
ʬԴ̫⣬˵ĻҲûж룬˵ͷ˵ԭôһ¶һԩԹһʮȵҪ˵Сӵĵӹ治Сƶûеȥڤ֮شһһȥпܾͳˡ
˭˵أҲһûʱҪһصĸ˽Ҹ˳Сûˡ̾Ϣһװģ˵
Ƕʬһ㶣ҵظˣʲôظˣ˭
Ҳ֪Ҫ֪Ͳظˣ֮ԺԹһֱҵҷӡ˵֮УڵΪҲˡ̾Ϣһ
ڻһϢʬħϢƶϵϢЩƣôһ¶ʬʵ
ҷ⶷ʬ࣬Ͼöû˸˵ˣһ˼įŻҲͣ˵
£ֱֻһɣ˵һʬħǰвʣ㽫ʬħעҵڣҪңҵ취Ҳӡ˵֮С
Ƕʬͷ΢΢ЦСӻϰҲգүܹ棬ҲԵһʦҲûɶģڵʬħϢƶϵϢȽƣƶ԰ͨʬħϢ뵽ڣһЩΪ㣬ƶһӶҪضǲܳȥˣʬ࣬һҪҷкã
һ㶣룬¼仹ĺ¶ûгңҪҽʬħϢˡ
ԭҵǷӡģһϻĲľ֮һԩԹһɱǱĺԭ³ڤʬħҲҸӡˡ
ĿǰΪֹҵΪҲ˴󲿷ֵĲľ֮ûüĿأҲ֪²ܹ
ºˣǰ⶷ʬ˵ҪһҪһΪ
ȥ⶷ʬǴ㱻꣬峯Ҳֹ꣬ȥһٶ꣬Ҳ˵⶷ʬ߰ĵУҪڸһ֣Ҫţˡ
мƽЩֱ
ȻǶȴҵôСӲ⣿
һعŶʬٺһЦ˵ûУͦģֻЩ˼ʦ˼Ʒѣҵ֪ˣƾҪʰˣҪȻ˰ɡ
ܹݵֶΣҾ֪⶷ʬǶʬ϶ؾʦҪģʰ㣬ұǣ˵һ𣿡
ǡҡԥţ˵Щʲô
ǶʬʱЩˣֵӺɷĿɲУʦ涼ѾˣȻܱǣǿʼɡ
˵ţҷֱ磬ǶʬһѾͽ˹˳ۼ׵צӱ㳯ϵļѨ˹һҵĵ֮һ̺ӴҶʱҵĵȼһ͵Ϣʱҵ澭֮С
ʬħѾǰ⶷ʬͷ˳ҲͦǿģҵӲ΢΢һһɵϴˢҵ澭ҵЩظӲ˴ʹ֮С
һ̣ǶʬͻȻһֱ֣ӽҸ׷ɶȻҵӾͷԴøǶʬԴһǶǡ
϶ʱðһŰȻҾ;ôǵѨһӿͨҵѨ䵽ҵڣһʬħϢȺʹжʱȻһգʮֳĸо
ҵھҵķҲð˰̣ȻоһͣͣڸǶʬϵһһɵĳҵš
״̬Ҳ֪˶ãǶʬͻȻһ֣һץסҵļ򣬽Ҵͷϸק˫ź̤ܿ˵֮ϣЩתҲЩվȣǺ˾һҡҡλεģһƨ˵ϡ
һҲŷӦ˹ϳһֺ֮ɽһǿ
ȥǶʬʱ򣬸оľƺЩήң΢΢ı۾
һһ½ǣյǶʬߣСʦ桭ʦ桭
Ƭ֮Ƕʬ۾ҵɶ
˼û¶ɣʵ
û¶ʦأֻЩˣ㵤зӡʬħʦѾɾˣһԣЧΣ


1789 Ϊ˻
һ㶣ӻЩȦ
Ȼʬȴ۾һɣ˵ŸɶϽԡ
ŶӦһæ˳òԶһʯͷҼ콣ɨǧֶΣһ㳯ʯͷſ˳ȥ
һƵ֮ǽ֮϶ʱһʯͷն˹ȥ
¡¡һ죬Ǿʯʱķѣɢ
һĻ־ϲȥɨǧֶαǰóʱࡣ
ǰһɨǧҲܹʯͷϴһĹֳһȥֱӽǾʯˣҲ̫ˡ
óһУǶʬοĴЦ˵СӣǸеĺòϣֶκ⽣ԳһɣʦҲûŵС佣ҲɽľѧҪȫգʩչһҲڵֶβڸС佣ûУ
ҿ⶷ʬҪ鰡
£⻰ôشأ
Ҫ˵ѧˣиզ죿
£ֻôûУҵûڸС佣˵ҵΪ̫ڻʱ򡣡
ȻǶʬȴҡҡͷ˵˵˵㱾ӾͲѧˣڻڸ㣬ֱ˷ѣʵʦضţҲʱĥС佣⽣ãһЩ׶ˣʦָĽһС佣һЩҲһڸɣ˭үԵء
ʬ˵һ£ʬ⻰˵٣봫ڸһС佣ķš
ǣͬСɣ֪С佣ֻɽϼϵ˲Уɽ϶׽ָͷ͵ѧǽ֮ɣһɽ֪ˣҿ϶Ҫɽ׷ɱģȻڡ
ɽĿҾѧһɵ˸ѧȥˣô
ѧС佣ʬɱƽ֮ӻҪصĶ࣬ǲܶϷ
ʵ⶷ʬʬħҽһΪתڸңҾ;Ѿܺúܺˣȥ̰ͼ˼ɽĿžЩ̰ˡ
ʬħԼģʬħ޿ɺǡ
ʬղŴڸҵֻǹΪҲԽܡ
͵ѧ˼ҵķţͲصˡ
£ұ˵ʦ棬׻˵̰ãϵΪѾܲˣȹʱ䣬幮̺ˣѧô
ǶʬƬ̣һŵҲգ⺢ҲģƶղŰʬħһһඥķʽƶʮ֮һΪ㣬ȷҪһʱúУʦЩˣȥɣ´˹Ըƶ֮ͣƶٴڸ׷Σ
⶷ʬͷ治ڶЩΣƭͷ˵ɽĵӣһƽ֮ӵģǸղҪ˵϶УͷҪ֪ҲɽˣһɽĽأҿ϶ǻˡ
ұ뿪ҲûٸͷѧСˡ
ղ߱˵Ҫ۷ȥʰչǣѾȥͦһʱ䣬ұҪȥȰչǣ˴ܾ
תҪߵʱ򣬻ͷЩᣬͷһۣȻֱӹ˵ϣǶʬصĿͷҲǱˡ
ǶǼˣ۾ӣʲô
ʦ棬ΪֻܸͷˣʲôԲסĵطǧȥӲΪ֮ȫΪ˻ϵ˵
ǶʬӲ⣬û⻰˼ǺһЦ˵߰߰ɡƶԽԽϲ⺢ˣ壬֪ͼԺҪǵÿգ͹ƶģط̫ˡ
һʦ棬ҪȻҽųȥʡϴҲ֪ɶʱǸͷ
ȻǶʬȴҡҡͷЦŻ˻ϵӣ˵⺢ӵһˣʦҲ֪ԼǸʲôǶʬزݵĴ֮Դѣ֪Լ˭һӲˣҪɱ䣬ʱɽ϶ûʰңƶɲֻɽϾҲ֮ڣȥɣ˵ԺɽҪСзˡ
ٴθǶʬһϵ˵ʦӻҪ²һˣлټ
ǶʬЦеİ˰֣Ȼұ߶˲ľ֮ЩҵӲƣֱӽض


1790 ȥ
Ƕʬͷҵһ㣬ûɱңһҵзӡʬħˣˣǽʮ֮һΪҲĹ䵽ҵϡ
ǺĻҪɽľС佣ҲҪڸңεͶĸо¶Ҳܴƣ⶷ʬһ޷뿪
Ҷ˲ľ֮ӿٵĳŵضȥĿǿֿɰĶʬүӣǶʬʮϲҵģ뿪ڲͣĳһ֡
һͷҸƭˡ
Ҳû취Ļԡ
ͷɽ֮кüˣһֶʬݴţʬ֮ĽʬǿԲ𣬳˶֣ɱˣҪȻһֱţŻʲô˼أ
ԶܳȥԶҲ޷⣬ֻأ˵ĺá
ÿ˶ÿ˵ѡҲ֪⶷ʬүôģһзǳҪȥ죬ߵֻܲˣҲ֪Ժûлټ⶷ʬүˡ
ҿҲˣԺ϶ӱ˿е֪ǸðƵƽ̹ӣƭˣټʱֱӽҸɱ˳Ե
ǶǴڸʮ֮һΪڶòľ֮ʱҾѾ˸оٿӵĵӦˣؼǣ˵зӡʬħ֮ҵΪνͻͽͬնߵʱҲڶزأܹһƴ֮
̶̵ļСʱȻô飬˵ȥһš
û뵽ɽ֮Уܷ
ܿ죬ұ㱻Щ͵ƽ֮ϣĿһǹɭɭĵضұתȥķȥ
֮Ҿͽʦָ˳Ȼ˶ʦֵĺ󱳣һ·ٰԭ·۷˻ȥڻȥ·ϣڲ֪ôصķɴ˴˴ķأһΣ˷ȫһһƽ⡣
ɽĽ֮Ŷʦǰһʱ䣬ܿӽ˸չǷֱĵطԶģǱߴһ򶷵죬⶯԰һЩд򶷱֤չǻڼţûбɱ
֮æӶʦֵֽʦ·ŽǬ˱֮УȻ˽꣬èٵĳǰ˹ȥ
вʱұ㿴˺һİչǣǵеҪһЩ붼š
ɺǿˣ˶˵ϣ϶Ѫɱ㽫֮ͭеﶼ˳߻Ƕˡ
ҵĿ⿴չʱ򣬷ְչڸƴȻչҲˣҿչʱ״̬ͣȻǶĴֶΣڸƴĲɿ
չϵҲ֪һ϶ǰչүүӢܣɽ˴ɽĺɽƸɽдʦڣޡ֮Ӧв٣˿̰չӦɽĳһλȥĴãſܹһϸߵ͡
ٴγȥƵʱ򣬷ֵ֮Ϻ˵ʮʬ壬Щʬ嶼ǲϹӤͷĺɮЩ˶չǸɵˡ
صǰչѾҪȻƾ϶ЩɮĶ֡
ɨһۣûбҪȥͰչһԸߵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬߶ĲɿİչһƺߣԼսţǵߡ
չһأ³һѪȻҾͿչƮһӰӣԶȥ
ֶβϵʱ̫ãǶ԰չ겻ڸڰչϵǸҲôãչѾ˼ޣԸڰչϵǸŻ뿪
չһѪ֮һ͵˵ϣߺٺһЦ˵СӣһģЩֶΣõĲֻϧû취һΣѾˣƻûԶϷȥ
˵Уһеĳޣ㳯ŵڵϵİչݺݵĳ˹ȥȻ˽꣬ȥߵǸӵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һɫķߵϴ˹˦ȥıȻı˷򣬳ǵɫķ˹ȥ
Ӹɫķײһ𣬷һը죬߱ɫķĻһЩԾ˵˭ϽϷ


1791 мһ
ⶸȻ䷢ıʣҲһһλ˳棬һɫķչأ
ҶڲݴԺ棬ʱ棬ôһ¶Ȼټ¡
ߺһɤ֮󣬽žʹӰչǵһһϵ
ϵɷǣһǳɫĵۣӺͷǰ׵ģϱһѳƵľ˳
һϵҶʱһϵǱˣöûмǸˡ
ڴѩʱҸйһ֮ԵһֶͬԸЩСձǽѩҪԼΪһȡɵļ
ǽѩֵһˣȻշתҵϡ
ǰʱһֱ˵ڱչУü궼ˣ֪ʲôʱȻˡ
˵Ҳǣ˶Ѿɽˣɽ֮Σڱչصˣ϶Ҳסˡ
ʱɽıһصͺˮʥ̸ˣҲֻǻ
֮ѡ
˳֮ɫĿ£ǰ˰չɵǰ
ȥѩʱҲڳϵ˵ġ
һˣɴϲæͭҲһ֮ͭУˡ
˻ͷһɣüͷһϳôǲСҲˣ
ˡ׷ɽĽ֮У˵ѾɱˡЩߵ˵
˵ҲǳԾѣɽطأƶҲ븹أĴ˽ȥƱǾһˣǺӵ治ǿϧˡ
˰ѻ˵꣬߱˦һеıӣŭʵ˭
˵ĿٴߵϣüͷٴȻֳɱʵ˭
ǶǺˮʥ̵ʥߣչҪɽġӲ˵
ֲƶղڶǹ಻ϣԭǺˮʥ̸Ĺǲö˶˵ڶǴţܵʲôɽǺˮʥûʲôϸɣѹŷŭʵ
˵һԵɱˣһصĺˮʥֹ̣ɽɽŷһͬɱ˽ɽʬҰ߱ף
˺Ǹոƹض˽⣬չصĵطӦþڸҪȻҲڴ˴˿˵ⷬ˵Ƿŭ˼㣬۾бžͿߣһһٵʵղ˵Ŀģ
߲ٺһЦ˵˵ľģ𲻹ҪһصɽǻĵĸɶҪɽֻǵһĶѡ
õ
ŭһϵǰѳʱԾȻһ¾ͱץסһ̣һΣ㵽ߵߣৡſ˺üݺᣬ˺ˡ
мһ֣֪ûС
һУɽһ㣬ǽһһֲ
Ҳֻǽ˵һѰĽɫ
ˣ˶֪ǵн̩ɽһΪɽϾһһĲһб߼ѹ
æ֮䣬˺üסΣ˹УһƴһӲĵϵöûľˣǽʹսٻغϣһʤΣ
ŭģһֻɱߣô˵ҲͳǺˮʥ̵ĶΪҲʮֲֿģһʱƾеĸоһʱѷ¡
ҶڲݴԺ濴һб˼ƽϣǶλȥ֮ڶֲʲôʤҲȲǸʱ򣬵һҪץסһʱȥ͵Ϯһѣȡ߸նɱڴ˴
ѾģҪţȣǶˣܵ飬զأ
³ǱҸģҲҵϡ
λĲɿʱҳǱߵİչɿһۣչ֮ľ޴ȻûлȥҲûʲô̫սˣղ֪ס߶೤ʱ䣬ǿѾľȫ


1792 ɱ
˸ƴɱ㿪ʼչչſͣ˼Ѧҵĵҩðչ̷ȥȱס˵
˵ĵǲôأ·ҪƮȻЩˡ
ǿҲ߶ֻ߶һһεġ
ݴƶϣɺǿ϶ǸЩɮֵʱܵˣǱߴ򵽣ҲҲ϶ӡ
˶ţҾͷˣҽĿٴߺ˵ϡ
ǶѾ˼ʮУǻ찵أľɣĴĴ¡¡һһĵڵϣת֮䣬һâĴתߵıӵըҲһĿֲ
Ƭ֮󣬾Ҳܵ˲һ˹ԱըһӣҸˡ
˲н̩ɽֶβƴʱ򣬸ַ׷ɣʮͷۡ
ҲٵĽԼеıɱһɫľϵֵ˵ĸ㹥
Ŵţ˾ߵߣֶ֣θۻҡ
ûбǶתʬħʹΪ֮ǰּƴɱҸͿϱߣ͸֮ǰһˣǴ򲻹˵еκһǹϼʮϰҲûɶ⡣
ϾתһûȫֻǾô˿̻ȲҪ
ۿ߽һ¶ңҶʱһûƬ̵ͣЪֱ˽꣬һ±㳯ɱ˹ȥ
һұնɨǧߵĺն˹ȥ
Ҫ˵߾ţ󱳾ǳ۾һ㣬ӽ֮ϸոձĽĳ߷˹ȥ߾͸оˣæٵĶ㿪սȦóһɫɷǺɫɷܿײһ֮ϣ߽ˣһȴûжȥһߵĺϣ󱳸˺ôһӣѪֱ
ʱѾ˾һ㵭ĻȻĻһԿɽʯķˡ
һߴʧɫȻ˼֮ȴûзնɱֿ첽ȥৡſ˺üñ˵ߵļְһ
һ𣬶Ȼɫĳ㳯һҧ£һ㿪ȥûнնɱڽ¡
߸ˣѪֹǺϵһҪ˿һضˣǺɫѪһء
֮УС߸˱ƾУȫעǹУ˶ҷҵͻȻ֣һзС
߶Ȼ俴ٴγ֣־ŭ㲻Ѿôᡭ
үߣСүô׾ˣڶǱ׷˺ü¶ûɽ׵ĶһҪɱءҵ
Сš
СŸ硭
ԶɺͰչ˿ƾð˳Ҳ־ϲסѿڶ
ҲǹĿ࿴ЩԾ˵ɽ˴ҲǾһСӵ󣬻ܻų
Ǹǰ˰֣ʾһаãõġ
ȻҲųһ֣˵ˣһѾкþûмˣû뵽ǾȻ¼档
ϸɨһۣ¶ЩЦ⣬̾ûСѾڵһֵˣƶûп㣬ôɽģ
һֱչأ귢һŶֻ֪¶Щ˵Ҳ˽Ͳֻ˵ˣ¶˵Щ鷳һɱˮʥ̵ߣȻ˵Σ
˵˵ͷ˲ԶߣٴξеĽ˵˵үһɱСձɱһӣҲԵ֣ǾɱΪɽȥĵӼһ꣬ɣ
˵գҺʮĬͬʱȥ
ڿˣҺһվУ˵һˡ
£ͻȻһеĳޣٴλһסҺ˵ȥ·һŲԶӴܶȥ
е֮п϶ӡһֻԣλҵĺ£һҪնɱǶԡ


1793 Ҫ
еޱһ˲õķеĽһ㣬֮зӡһԶ꣬еĳ޷ӡһֻԡ
޷ʹ콣ǷֶΣӽ֮ȴƾŸΪʹǳеĶ֮꣬еĲࡣ
߱͵ϮӺϺݺݵĿһǰһ
ǰлĳеĶ֮סҺˣȥˡ
֮ҲС֮䣬㳯ҺſҧǶ֮Ӵž޿һڽҺһ˸ûɶ⡣
£ȳ֣콣лʽһƵ֮һɫӴĻӽ֮籡ɫĶԶȥ
ɫĻӽ֮֮ԽԽ󣬶ʱǺɫһ𣬻Ʒһһһâڰ֮ƴ
ǰɫĻǺܴҪҸոǿܹʩչһгǷһЩ򣬵һΣɽĶʬһѣΪͻͽɫƲɵһ֣ΧĿǰȣƵҺȫ
˿ҽ֮ĻҲһͷһۣ̾Сӣ⼸ĹûСӾǻһˣмүķ緶ƶүùһУҲͱһЩҵˡ
ʵ˵Ϊɽ֮ǶʬԵʣҲ˵˸ҷ
ҵ˼ɽĶݣȻԹۣҶҪһ֣ԼŬɽɹνѣֻҪܻǵƴˣҪȻԲʬ
ɽҲǰԼˮʥ̺һصҶܹǼ֣ԺҲٺܶ鷳
ҿҲû˶˵ȥһһڰ֮еʱ򣬱ЩƾУһʱѷ¡
ʱͻȻ˼ɫķһָ㳯ǺɫȥЩӦͦصģһǺϣʱС˼֡
һ̣˰εض𣬼֮䣬ǺɫͿ˼ǺɫʱٴСۿžҪߵڵϡ
һɲУǺǻӣǱˣҲκβˡ
£һǬ˱ңСȳǺһָȶʱһɺɷǺƶȥ
Ϊ˰ķԸһ˺壬ڻ¡
ȻɺɷסǺȥ·ƣɣȻסұǻĽʱ˱ٴҵߣȻ˵ղǸʲôߵ׷ѾˣһʱҲɽʱʰƶոճأɽ̫˽⣬ƶ˵ɽǸʲô
£ұɫˣϾŪɽи֮ΣһصҪɽ˶ǵĺˮʥ̹æˮʥ̵ĶҲˣˣ˲ٺˮʥ̵ĸ֣⻹һ˳ִĻǹеͻڣɱ޴ǴǰɽʱɽĵѾ˲أǳֻһ£Ҳɱ˲ٺˮʥ̵ˣЩлĴ󲿷˶նɱˡ
һ˵¶˱ʹɫ̾ϢһҪɽ
һ֮̾˽ֵһصʲôˣԼж
һصȺˮʥ˸࣬Ĵ֮еȸǰЩ걻ҸɱˣϾڴˣǰɽʱֻ˰׻䣬ȴûпϣҲûм֪ʲôӣһص˵Ҳǧˣڷֱȥɽĸͬʱ˽һص߶кˮʥ̵˴ŻͲǽƴɱ̫ˣ˵
˵㣬˵ɫ˼㣬Щʹļ׵˵ƶ⼸չزɽȻ˽ѣʵ
˵ţͻȻתһɫγҶ֣ɽΧôµӣӦƶһݡ
֣أæסˣϻ̳ϿֵˣɱɷСˣĸǻ취ôȹνѰɣҲ뿴ɽǧŻһ


1794 ֮
˱ҲɫЩ£˵Ѿصز֮
ֻһЩ߹ɽôŶУϾǧţ񣬴ƴһ˭ʤ˭δ֪
һصлĽĵߣǺˮʥȫһȺӣǹڶã¹ôţߣһڹȥǶըķѡ
ϼϵĸܹа취һӵǳϼµЩӣһΪҲǻӣһӵȥǾ͵õһƬҺΪĵڡ
һμɽܹһ٣ҲҪԪ
Ƭ֮ͻȻҵӣ˵һصҲˣϢ׼ȷ𣿡
ûпϵˣҲҴٷ֮ٵİƱΧɽĴ飬ҾϿ϶ҪȻһصҲʮȫİաɫ
ϴǰ̵һٶǰսʱǴӰܶӳģʱͺСǵʱĸɾһӣûɱεϿǵõ˰Ĵ󻤷洫Ҳۼ֤ԼĸĸɵĸΧȻҪԻĸĴԹޣһ֣ȻĺҴΪƶƲĶ֣ˣɽΣվ͸Ͼ˼֣˵ΪӦñүһߣҲʮֵĿֲˡ
ҸүΪ֪ģɽϣôţȵĴڣһһУȫſ¡
ϵΪȴҸүһߣǵжôֲҲ˵Ҹүˣƴһ֮ڶһֳܷߵ
ţͻȻһЩֵ˵ˣȻˣûг֣˵ʲôҾ϶һʮҪĵطͳϣɽڣɽûһȽϺĵĵطܹƿɽĵطҾϿܻ
һѣ˵亹ˣɫӵ죬һֹģ̲ס˵Ҳգ飬ƶǲܸ˵ģɽ챣סˣƶҲͲȥˣСҲɽ
ˣҪıǣǲ͸¶κ˹ɽһϢġұ֤
ǸɽĽ֮Уһ֮Ҽλʦ壬һλѾﵽ˵ɵļ𣬻λɣĸҲмػɽĸķЩɽ֮ڣһ֮ķ˸ˣɽķʧȥһãͬ裬һ֮Ƿˣɽˡ˵
ˣϻŸֹȥ֮𣿼Ȼɽеɺ͹ִˣӦòΰɣʵ
СӲִڣΪȻܸߣҲиɻһǸ˿Ű洫˵֮㲻ǻ˵ǻдĻǿըһǻˣ˲޵ǵ˵
ǻʲôǹȥưɣǧ϶óѡҼ
ߣǹȥƣҲͼģҪǱߺö˶˵ģ˵ǶˣֱӳɱȥЩһصȫնɱ˱ǡ˵
ȥһɽ֮е֮󣬵һһֵҪȥ죬ǸһɺͰչˡ
£ҽˣߡ
˽ˣǰչأÿһζ֮СӾ͸һһһΣչΪ˶Ըߣǽ֮õ˼ޣӽ;ƿݡ
ҿһۣ缸ͦס𣿡
˶ҵ˵ͷʾܳס
СţҪȥͲҪˣһҸطȫæˣԻȥ㡣
Щԥɽܲܳסһ¶Ųסӣһ䵽һصߺˮʥ̵ǿ׶༪١
ʱͻȻҪȻȥƶչصǸڶһ£ǰ飬ȥΣ
һͷˣʵԶ𣿡
Զ·̣ҪȻƶҲô͵ط
Ǻã߰ɡ˵ţұ㽫չһѱɺǿ߶㻥ţһ˳˱չصǸڶȥ
·ϣǿʵСŸ磬ղű׷ȥˣǻΪ㱻߸ɱء


1795 ȥ
ǿЩĺĺˣվô˵
ɺͰչǶѾһЩߣҸ֮ǰ̫һˣǿҵĹϵ̫죬ûϸ缸ĬԲŻдһʡ
ⱻ˹ȥ˺ûйע飬һֱŹغɽĴ¡
һ˿첽Уûãһľɽ֮ǰǰ·ǰӲݣһξ룬ǰȻһɽɽǰһʯţ˹ȥŪһ»أʯűдˣ˱кǸϽȥ
طȷʮأѰ˺ѷ֣Ҳһʺϲڡ
ɽڲ󣬲ж죬Լиʮƽ׵Ŀռ䣬Щ򵥵ļҾߣ滹һЩԺȵĶ㹻üµĹ⾰ˡ
չвǲԲȣֻǸԼһ԰Ŀռ䣬ǱУ˹ţҲбչزԲȵģǱǶ˱ٹ֮˵һЩʮϵԴһܲĿռü겻Բȣĳֶﶬһܹ֮쳣Ǿͷȴʮֵ塣
ҺʱչǰȻⶣһɣһҪúϰչǿҺȥһصͺˮʥ̵Щһ£֮ڣҺû۷Ǿݷһʱ䣬Ȼ취뿪ɽɡ
ǶһҪС£˵һչ˺ǵģҷıǡ
Һ˱ٵ뿪ȻɽʯŸˣ˷ҲŵĻأҲҪϺóһʱܴ򿪡
ɽĽһ·첽У˵ΪܸߣٶȻ죬ҽΪҲͻͽҲܹˡ
·ϻһξ룬˱ɽġ
¶Щ˵ˣ˵ұݺ飬Ȼɽһ׷ɱȻҵףɽƣ˲סҡͷ̾Ϣ
˵飬ﻹЩ黳˵ǺʵĲ̫ҪǿһЩСҲʮֿ̿࣬ټʴӱССͱһֶΣɽһĵӵǵ֮ٮٮߣ֮ϣܹеҲֻһ˶ѣ⺢ʲôãǲͬ˵ΪܹԽŻᴦΪС
˵ˣʵҲĲ̫ˣҪȻҲᱻĵãղ
˵ҸүԸϵʱ˵ǸүҲˣҪǰƢϷҪҸү˲ɣүֻǴһǵ
еһУ˶ĺֲܿҸү˵ɽϣҲ˻ԡ
ܹҸүϿɵˣʵࡣ
˵䣬Һ˱ɽĽ֮У֮ǰұ֪֮зأܲӲȥļʲ󣬲֪ⷨĽ֮ҽĸǰұɣһ·ǰС
˵éɽ֮еķʮɽǸɰѳţĹɺ͸ֶǸ𱣻άַģһҪǱ˸ɱˣûάɽķ󣬵ɱ赲һ㡣
֮е֪֮˼٣һصܹҵ֮󣬱˵ɽпܳڼ飬ںܾ֮ǰ֪ɽ֮
϶ڷ󡢹ƶ֮ԣΪıǹƶ֮α֪֮ⷨƾΪҪҲرѵ飬ֻЩķʱˡ
˵ԽԽϿ϶ˣһʼ׻Ŵһصͺˮʥ̵˹ɽ֮ҾûпϵӰʱѾһ͵͵ǱɽĽ֮пʼˡ
ǵĿҪɽˣƻЩȻֱӽ츣ظ٣ɽĳˡ
Ҳżңһ·ȥٶȺܿ죬ЩҪŷͿھЩֻҪŲͬĲǰǵٶѾܿˣһ·ƿʮ֮еʱѾǲСʱˡ
ڽ֮е֮ҲɽΪмһڣҷܹемλõĞųʮֵĳԣһֱ֮


1796 ʮŲ
ҺѾ֮ĸˣ˵ص˳ԣȻʮڴ˴
ǰнһξ룬ǾͿһڰе̨ͤ¥һһģĽģɫ֪жͷˡ
ߵ֮˶һ£˵˴ɽ֮󣬸άϵɽĵطⶴ츣صľ֮ڣҪ׵ĹɽȻᵽط⴦ھڽصλã˷ʮϼҪҲҪѺһܹ˽֮з˾ԲˣүһҲɣ˱ǸŵĶǿߣȻƶ֪Щǿ˭϶еġ
ǽȥƣôûأǲˣϸ֪طҺ
ȻκζҪȻҲ֮ܳΪ֮ˣ߰ɣƶʹȥ˵ţһԾ˰֮УҲ̫Զط˵ԶŴˣɽһʼɽڵʱеķʮֲֿԼҴ
һǰߣһ߿ĬиʽӡϵĴұоܵĞųӿĪиָɫʰ쵵Ĺ⻪ֶЩϵʱ򣬶ʱһһûɵĽ
һ·ߵЩѣҴ粽뿪ˣȻԼңǰȫǰֻܿһ֮ңˣ˻ͷ˵Ҫ̤ӦǷλҵĽӡ߱ɡ
Ӧһ͸ӵĽˣڣ·̲Ӧǰ̤ʮŲǰİ㵴ȻһգȻʣӦ̤˷֮С
ʮŲÿһӡһԿףӦһĻأһȻᱻĽɱǣҲ˺ûӰ
طҲƴˣһиʧҾͱ֮ⷨУԶֻܺڴ˴
˰ķΧ֮һͷٿһƬһӰͷԡ
ȻҺ˵ǰһǵһڣ۵ĴŽգſڴȴվˡ
Ҷһ˽ǰ׷ǳɫĵۣվǵ۵࣬ϣһ֪Ϊ
һŵϵ˺ܿҳ˹ȥ
ſڵʱ˱һ֣ޱȹ˵λʦ壬һصҪɽӵ֮󱻴죬Թһƣ֪˴ɻȣһжãɽһصаѪսףػɽõ̤벽
˵գ˱ԴλϵӦ
ҲЩϻ̳Ͽ֣ͷҿ
üһ˳ƺλŵϵΪʦ壬˵һˣǺҸүͣϼһɲΪӦʮֵĿֲ
Һ˶һֵͷĶ˺һԷûκλӦ
ʱҺ˶Щ̫ԾˣǱ˴˿һۣȻ̧ͷλŵϵȥ
λϵǸǰһ㣬ΡȻվͬһ㣬һĿǰϣǲ˵ǵϸȥǵʱ򣬷ǵؿ΢΢ţǻġ
üͷٴι˵λʦ壬ǰܹӦһ
Ȼ˵仰֮λϵǲɴ
˻ͷһۣ˵ҵţҹȥһ
ҵ˵ͷ˳ͻȻЩ̻ȻģµĲС
ط̫ˣ˵֮󣬲˵һĹС
˻ǰߵһϵߣٴ˵ʦ塭
⻰û˵꣬һϵͻȻߣߣ
󣬵ϵ˵֮ӱۿűҪѿ
ˣСģҴһҪǰѾˡ
˺λʦҲзǰɫķУϵһ˵ʱ˱ɫķԼǰ档
ɫķһʱϣԼǰ֮ǰǸ˵ϵžͱ˿ѪƳĴЩɵĹƳֱӳ߾˹
үģмˡ
ϾˣõĹƶ֮
֮ϵվһҲҶΪ˹ƶһ˵йƶ


1797 ʺ
ҿһϵԱʱҾͶ϶ˡ
ˣѾ֮ⷨУҲ˵ɽĸķʱпʧȥƣ߽⡣
Ҳûмʲôֻ˵жôһʼ޷ĥܹʲô̶ȣ˱Ƚϡ
˵ʦ壬һټʮͣ˵ΪпܲˣϾʱһΪߣɽƽ̣Ϊ֮ϣڵΪҲԽʦ塣
ǲЩϼһǵΪԲҵͣ˸סˡ
ס˻˵ȻλţըҩƵģһǱԱҺ˶ûʲôĻɥȪˡ
ˣĺüıҪѴ֮ҪԮ۵ĴſڣҲǹڵġ
һϵԱʱ˱ɫķϣԼǰͬʱżһ˾͵˻
ھʱͬһʱҲշ䣬ϵԼǰ棬һ֮䣬ҵһࡣ
ɫ˱ѵĵһʱ㱻ըķ飬Ѫһǿƥ׷׵ײǰ֮ϣһһʱ˼ɫķһ֮ϣʱܵһǿӳ֣ϵסһǿĳ
ˣҺ˶Ļһ
һѿ֮󣬽һҲѶѪȫĹƳ棬еģϷɵģ죬OO@@ĳҺ˹
ϵѣľ޴ǵ۵ĴŶըķѣֱ̮ضǹƳ棬סҺ˵ȥ·
ۿĹƳִ˼ɽʦżı죬ͷϵЩɶĹƳʱһƬ
ʱ䣬һл죬һɫĳһԾȻĴЩƳյž죬֮䣬ſڵĹƳ汻һ߰˰ˣƮɢŽζ
һг䶨֮˻˻֣Щĸ˵ҶɣѾ˴֮󣬴˴ɽʦɽ֮ʱĺۣܱЩа˸ˣһͬɱ룬һȥƶһ׽뷨ĿھͺͼţʱҲȫˡ
˵ţ˴ӻһСҵ֮ϣѾųȥˣһҲҪЩа˶ϡ
Соģ˽ֵӣ㲻κɽ鱾͸ûκιϸ㼴֮Ҳ˶ԹԣѾˣɽȻסĶ飬סһҪӾӡ
˵գһػ˱첽ǲƵĵ֮жȥҽСǬ˱֮УȴţһᾡԼŬסɽģȲѣҾԲ˰벽
ǶʬҵĶ飬ǡ
˸һ֮УǰûãһԺ˵˴ԼʮˣЩ˴󲿷ֶǺˮʥ̵ĺɮϻǹеͬʱϻżźۣʦһˣװ磬ӦѪկ
⣬һһߵʿʬ壬ŵϵһ㣬뷢ףһٶͣҲ˫Բһģﻹһѳǳ֮ϵѪûиɺԡ
˵һصͺˮʥ̵˲ӦñѪбܹ֮ԭҲ٣֮ϵҲɥˣȻˣ϶ûߣλϵɱʮˣҲǿˡ
֮⣬ҲһƬǽ壬ǲԫϱڣ⻹кܶƳʬ壬ضǡ
˫ԲϵǰͣƬ̣۾ȻҼȥ
ʵͦģȴҲģҺǰһСξ룬ž˴򶷵죬żǵǹ졣
˶ס˽ŲͻȻ̧ͷǰĲϿȥ˳ĿһǰһĺϿգͻȻʺţʣʮֵĺÿѤõĹâһޱӴĞųƻֺ꣬𺳲ѡ


1798 е
һ𵴣ȴ֪ʲô飬תͷȥ˵ʱ򣬷ɫӵˣӶЩ΢΢ķȻֻ˵һ飬Ĳʲô
ҶɣѾŴˣһչ˺Լ뿪ǧ򲻿ɳǿ֪𣿡˳˵
˷ģչ˺ԼǸϽȥɡҵ
ĿһۣȻת첽ȥǶǰвʱ˽ŽŲһ٣һż⣬ΰεض𣬳ǰһķȥ
֮ǵڽڵĵطǣ˿ǵĵҲȫ
ΪǸһ֮ʱſڱ˹Ƶˣ˵úܴһǿΪԻǣΪﰲȻ˵ǰ˱뿪
һ˿λϵλϵϵɱʮ㣬ûзĻΧ˻˲ء
ãǾ䣬ŵϵѶʱǱ߿϶оԮˣȻ÷ǽȥ
ֻҪŽȥͻײǹϣûɶ˲Żѡ˷ȫϵһЩ
˸һȥҲһż⣬һΣ˼׸ߵݶ첽ݼϣ濴ȥ
ȻҺ˸һ¶ͷûпʲôһӵͳɨ˹ŵҵæŲһξ룬ӵɣܶ඼Žǵϣ۵ġ
ӵڼҺ˶Щ̧ͷ
үģЩˮʥ̵̫ɺˣˣӵбͨ˸ǿʵȴҪǹɱҪǧǡ
ǹûͣǱݶҲ˽ŲҽŲʮֵܼӦò١
£Һ˶һۣ˵ֱ۷ݶԺ֮УҪݶϲ̫ö֣Ҳ֪Էжˣǹ׶㰵ѷӵɲġ
֮󣬲ȵ¶棬ұ콣ǻʽһɫ¶һ֮Ƿֱȥͬʱ˱ĽҲԾȻеĳ˼֮ͻȻʮѳķɢƴ
ߣǸո׼ãǱ߱߰˸ǹ˳ϣһ߳һ߻ϵĿǹ
ȻǇNɪʱ䲢߸һ֣ɫĻֱӾӭ˹ȥ
ͬʱһ֮ȻͳȥһƵĸ˱ϯʱȫðɫĻ棬ֱӷŴϹյĲϵķҵİ֮ش
ʣµǼǹļһзѳĳ˹ȥÿѽ֮УһֱӱԴնѪ˺ü׸ߣȻӱֱͦͦĴӷϹ
ֻһ˲䣬Щǹ˾ȫûˣЩǹ˳ǹһ֮⣬ҲǶôߡ
ȻǷɲнŲ֣ɫĻڷߣҷɮģļһҲǻϯҽŴݶ
ʽ̫ˣһ֣˷Щ˵ľ֮ϣЩ˷ŵȥ
ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ӷӵһͻȻƮһɺֱײɫϣߵһʱ߽⡣
ղһ˭֣
ֱӽһĽƵˡ
ߵĶһͣЪȻжʮ˴ݶϷ׷ǸΧסˣҺȫὣǰܵЩ˿ȥ
ʮ˵УһǺˮʥ̵ĺɮ϶űȭͷһͷеĺɮϵĹҵͷһЩеĹҵһЩҸоͷһЩģӦΪҲһЩЩɮЩˮʥ̵ĸ֣ʣµıʮҵĺˣʦһۣͷϻһñӣǺϻɫĻƣ⻨Ƶһеġ
Щرϵ£һصѪկ
Щ˽Һ˰Χ֮һϹʮͷļһָҵˡɱ˵³ʥĻˣȻˣһǺˮʥʰΪ³ʥ𱨳𣡡
ɮ˵̩ߴȴķ
һ̣Щˮʥ̽ʮȫӿ˹


1799 Ӥ
ҿʲôʲôԹЩˮʥ̵ļһǸߵˣֱӳҾɱ˹һ֪˵Ϊ϶Ҹߡ
ӦԸӲӲǣֱӴס̫û˵ˡ
Ǹһʹסһġ
ˮʥ̵˹Ըɽ˼ǺܴĿľŪҡ
ʵҲܺ⣬̩ǣˮʥ̶Ƕһ޶а̣û˸ǣҴżֵܹȥս˺ˮʥ̵Ȩɱ³˼ǣһ³ļҲϴһգȫװǬ˱˻Լ˲
ˮʥ׷ɱôãǸˣһ˶ûɾͶˣǾԲ̣һΣǴƱҪҵˡ
ǵĶ߸ղŶҺָˣ֮ززЩССϺģ뷭ʲô˻
ľүѾǰľүľүЩǿ󣬵ǽľү̥ˣʬ˼ǰһ޲ٰΪΪ˱Ǵ˿̣ǰЩȫɱ⡣
ˮʥ̵ȫ˹ҵǵһ˿Ц
ɣɣ
֣ɱȻүеѽոȵͷ
Щˮʥ̵һѷ䳯ʱѪկʮɭɭʦˡ
սһûκεĻء
Щˮʥ̵ڳҵͬʱ㽫ŵһͷ˹Щͷһʱ׷һźһһССӤģĹ
ЩСӤƶü˲̵ֶĥģԹģɲеĿеЦеڵеڿƯеĻվڵϣ˹
ЩСʮ֮ࡣ
ԽСĹԽףн֪顣
ЩСһʱΧĿޱȵϢ˺˪
ֶΣӦñǶǳĹ֪к˶޹ӵ˶ֲӤ

Щˮʥ̵˶ԸҵʱȻҵƮ˳ȥеĳɣѪկЩʦɱһš
һʱ䣬ʮСҸΧˣЩˮʥ̵˱ҷЦ
ΪұСΪ׶СΧˣȻһϣܽҳƬ
Ǻǡ
ΨЦԡ
ֶΣΪסң
£һǬ˱ңһСȣඣԴ͡
һ֮£Ǭ˱֮жʱ뵳һɺɷŰɺɷܿûΣվҵǰ
СȻǸģһ֣㻷һܣЩӤԭ߻Ȼôһ֣ͺͻȻĽһֻèŵЩС̶ĲҺ׷ȥ
ЩӵӤĺɮһһ֣֮Ҳ׷ֳ˾֮ɫȻǵͱˣޱȵ̰
ЩĺɮܹоϵϢжֲʵʵĹ
СȸղźǱĶ֮ꡣ
һ̣п϶룬Լһöð
СŸ硭ЩСܵܶÿǶǱ˺ģڵֻжȴܲǡСЩ˵˵
ȣɰɣ㿴ûУЩӶЩͺ¿ɱģЩӤ֮ٽЩͺ¿ɱˣοЩӵ顣ҳ
ҵĻ֮ĬȻĵ˵ͷһ̣ϵĿٵĸֳ˺ɫѪ˿һ˲㲼˫ѪᣬһХܱǹڣ϶ʱʼޱȿֲɷ
ȥԭȷôˡ
һ¶ɱˣҪĵ̫ˣƽֵʱҲɷסЩˣȻǹȥո
һβһˣôСӱӤС֮ǰҲʮֵңɴ뵽Լɵŭա
ڶЩɷʱƮɢȥЩֲӤƣ֮䴩ЩӤȹ֮£ûʲô֮㱻ɷ˵ȻֱӱɵˣһɷЩɮƶȥ
ȶ֣Ҳûţһ̣ҵһΣһɮĺ棬еĽ͵һ£ͳԴϿ˹ȥ
ǺɮһͷæеĽħȥ


1800 
ȳЩӤʱҺܿҲЩˮʥ̵˷ΪҵĹȣٰ˲ƵһɮеĽȻ߸߾һ㳯ǹͺͺϿȥ
ܹϴûһߣǺɮҲǻͷеĽħȥ
ȻһȥһɱĴ㣬һȥʱǶתǬƣԼϵޱȸͣټϽ걾һһȥǺɮеĽħӲıնΪأȻ󳤽˳ŽǺɮһ˴裬Ϊ룬ҲȻӱ㳯߷룬ɢһأŨѪζʱƮɢ˿
Υζеɱ⡣
ЩɮСǿֲȻͷ㿴ǵһͬ龹Ȼң׷ֳޱȾ֮ɫ
ȻŽֻǿˡ
ȡŴУҳȴһ
ЩӤ֮ͻȻһһָ죬һָأпٵĬǺܿԺ֮ڣͻȻ֮˷źɫС磬ЩɫСĴߣȻһСȫɫ׵սգۼĹԺٸɵսֳֳì󵶣ĺɱ֮㳯ΧҵЩˮʥ̵˳ɱ˹
Ҳһֱȥ֧Ԯˡ
ѾģҪԶ
һ˭ᣬǶʮԸһˣҲǳһʮս۸ζ
ԺЩֲĽսһȻûжߣؼʮӴһͬӿʱЩһæ
һ̷תȻҺСԼ˱㿪ʼոɵˡ
ЩһͱսΧˣһæңԸЩЩսӦܹסǵĹҺСԼֻҪЩսĿ϶֮УȻ䲻ĳЩɮѪկʦԱߣһͻȻ̽ȥݺݵǵϣٵĽǵ
ʮҵĺˮʥ̵ԼЩѪկʦսʼ֮ڣȫǸˡ
ǵսҲʮֵǿ̶̵һǵĽսҲһٸҡ
ŵ˵ŵʬ壬ֿԺĹɵһСӣֱֶȺս޵еĽ࣬ΪȻ㲻һһģҪϵЩۺʵһʩչһҲΪͷۡ
ҿһߵСȣ˵ѾͷĹͣéɽڵҢѧ˲ֶΡ
һȣѿڶ
ǹҵ
̾һȻ˵ЩǾͲ̫ˣһЩͷȫ彫ȥںţȻȥһԺ֮֮ĹؼڣΪߵһɺλɽǷ֮ػıƶλʦ壬ͬػϱΪ˹
ҵ˵ͷȷԸһȹɵĵ˵ͷȻһڵķһָЩʱٴɧ˺ɱ֮㳯Ժֱ֮ӿ˽ȥ
ٸǺƺƵһӿԺӵУԺܿʹܼǹաһƬǹеԸ˹ãԸЩһöûУȫ˷ӵ
ˣҺҲҵģȺٴԾ˷֮ϣȥǰǸԺ֮еΡ
Һȥ֮ڴݼȥƵʱ򣬶ʱ㿴ŵһĻ
ǰԺǰԺҪ࣬ڴԺмλãһĲĹŽзܣǹŽܻһʰ쵵ĺ⣬ͣ˸ֱǹŽŴԼʮʦŷȣΧǹŽֱлʲôŹֵģʮʦ֮УһȽۣȻҲһۣǺ֮һצȥʮֵĿֲ
һҾͱ˳˺ˣһˡ
еʦڲͣֻվһ߸߾ŷȣȻ̫ڸʲôҲܹ³һЩӦ󣬶ϱĹؼ
治ϣϾ


1801 鵲·
ǸĲĹŽ֮бǾɽ֮ڣάϵɽĴķԼɽ츣ص֮ڣֻҪﱻˣɽķͬ裬츣Ҳ֮
ǧŵɽԶʧˡ
֮ǰ˸˵ɽΨһһɱȻŽ֮С
ϴżʮɮ󣬶ϵΧһȺˮʥ̵ĺɮԼѪկʦǣĻһЩǹеЩΧҲһٶˡ
ϸһƣЩʦɱЩЩͬЩʦȻҲǺۣںӵıԵǶһױߣΧЩʦĺǶߣվһǽߡ
˿ЩʦҲǷֵȼģǶŽߵЩʦΪߣղɱЩֻͨɫ
Щġ
ʹһȺױȥ֮ǳ͸ӻ
ʵҺûйҲǹҵġ
ΪΧЩ˵У˿Χϵƴɱ
һٶźˮʥ̺һصĸ֣Χϵɱ֮Ϻ˵жʮʬ壬ϵʬС
ϵ֮ȽرܹշƯڰ֮ж˷һ˦֮䣬֮Ĵ籡ŵϵЩ˲ƶȥһ֮У֮ߣȻǸ˱ڵϣ
ֶθЩƣӦñ˸ἰλɡ
λϵֶξͿȥԲ࣬һˡ
ɻλϵ鶼쳣׺еĳ֮䣬ϽΧߵһһ˳ȥҲзϡ
ѪЩϵҲȻˣֻһζƴɱԲһҲһ֡ɱ
һĻҵжʱҲѪ⼸ϵȥˣҲҪǰЩնɱɱһһ
·һһĿȻ
ϴѪկʮʦҪɽ֮󣬸ûʱԸɺ༸λϵԼ½ס
Щ˲סɵʱϱ߾ȫ˷
ϼһҲǹݵģΪܹɽķͶ츣ƻǴԼµȥƽٸǵǹҲû೤ʱ䣬Ϊ˲Ǻܶࡣ
֮⣬һһˣ֮ǰǰɽʱ򿴵䳤ϣ϶ץһϵָͣһ˳ſڵķȥסٻЩױ
ӿĽױ̫ˣԷЩزסЩɫ۵ʦϵ˦ĺЩױƬĵ£Щױ޾͵ĳɱܿ͸Ƕһ
һ䳤ϣҲɵŭգϰӵƲүүεĲҸŪһΣȾ͵Ū
ҺݼֻǴƬ̣һֱۣһԾ£Һȥͬʱ׷ʩչԼֶΡ
һɽľС佣
׷꣬նħǧӰķɱ񣬷ɱ뷣
żһص˲䣬ҷһ¾ͱˣǸоʵʵڵˣС佣ʱȫ̫ˣΪ˸֮һ֣
ͻȻˣͷϵĳҲѽˣʮѽÿһѽ趯ʱ򣬸оܻǧӰķ
һɱȥԷ͵һƬ
̫ǿˡ
ֲ˱֮Ϊн̩ɽɽʮϣɹλĸˣһ־֪ˣʵĺǿ
Ҹо˿̣ɽĹɶȶѷɫһЩ
˳֣Ҳûţһһεʩչ˻ֶΣֻһΣҽеӿ˽֮Уһ޴Ƶ˻нâתһɫĻԾȻڶȻȥһ˲䣬αľ޴ޱȣһƬ϶صɫâ֮УɫĻ彫ȥʱ򣬴󲿷˶׷̧ͷֵĳͷϵĻȥ
ȻһɫĻ˳ƶ£һ±ϯסʮˣǷ׷׵ȼյž죬ֻǻһΣҪǰʱͻȻ䱻һ޴Ĺסȥ·


1802 ɵ
ڹĸͷɫĻһȦڹһſڱһҧס˻βͣǿź㱻˸С
̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ǹڹϴʱվһˣ䳤ϣ䳤ϵлץһϵŸ˲͡
䳤Ϸųǹ飬ɫĻֻ꼤һɽȻ޷ǹֵ
ոսɣվڹϵ䳤ϱ㳯ŴݼԾңݺݵҾ֪ӣôûбŪȻܵˣ
϶ˣѾҺ˸ɱˣʬ嶼ɽ˸ҵʬˣѾĸղ˭أҿǹӲǣӲվڹϣ㳤ڹ˵Ц
䳤ϲûеֻ𾪣Щŵʵ˵ʲô߾Ȼɱˣôܣ֮Ϊôôɱ
϶䲻ʹ˰ɣ˵һɱߣȻɱȴԣһ˾㡣ҵ
䳤ŭǻˣϸܹϷŪ㣡
϶ԶˣǴЩѾȫɱˣص˴Ҳ½ϵ˵صøһһ޷ųȥŻ϶
ʵһһصͺˮʥͦεģһͻȻϮɽûзɽű㹥ˣӿ˽֪ͨص飬ҪæҲصصҲûʲôرĸ֣ҲЩصĸҪϹһʱҲܸϵ
Ż˵Ļһ˵Щһص˻ʮ־ֵģҪص֣ҲͺܲˣصԵһ֧ԮʱɻһǶɽٽܸΧˣҪӳȥѶˡ
͵һص˶ЩĪʱͻȻһ˵ҪСӺ˵˵ȫɱˣ֪ͨص飬ŻǣϽɱˣܿͿƵʱǾͿ뿪ˡ
Щ飬ڵ֮ǻһһȦҲ֪ĸ˵ġ
Ҿÿϣǽ鿴ʮ͸
׹䳤϶ʱŭԦֻ㳯ҳײ˹
Ȼʱ򣬸䳤վһǸϵͻȻʦ֣Ұ
ϵĺһͻȻ˳Ǳ϶סϵüŭӵʦܡ
ʦ֣뿪Ǹ䳤ץŵϵ˵
˶˵ҪŽڹǣʱ䳤ȴˣҪҶСɱʦܡ
һ£û
䳤ϽźٺٵĵһЦ˵ˣ˵仰پʦҲ٣˵һͲˡ
˻
Ҳ֪ػɽĽصģôܹ֮ߵ֮ʦܴģæҪȻҲô˽䳤ϵһ
ʦܣ϶˵Ŀģ۾
ʦ֣ҡҲ밡ƶһػصʮͬţȫùƶɱˣɣĥ˰СʱģҡҺ°˲
ɽôһ̰֮㣬ɽӣŭ˵ţЩɸ֡
ˣͽϷ͸ˣ̰֮ҲûãӺˡ˵ţ䳤һ˦֣㽫˸ӹ걳϶
˶֪϶ʹһƣ˺εȴῴ
˱ʱһ˵һ࣬˵ûأ˾ͱѿѪɣƳأĴ
ɱ֮䳤ٴμԦŹ鳯׷˹װһʮ־ֵģתͷͿԺӵһ˹ȥ
֮ΪҪɵ϶ǰȻûʵڲһˣұǶʬڲΪʬħԿԸ϶ݺݸһܣֳߵͳ
Ǳߣ˵ļ룬СȲٿЩױ᲻ϵԷʵҵĿľǾĽ䳤ŪȻȥֻش֡


1803 ֻ
Ҳ׹ΪʲôܹŴɽ֮󣬺Ҳû̫İܹǱ㽫ػصЩɽĵʿ׽Ȼһ˵Ž֮ķʮػεϵһĥһûпסϵ˱֮
˶ػصʮϵ֮вȫӲӣôһ̰֮˱һ
Ǽ˴˽Ҳûһ³ջǱ䳤ϸɱˡ
ϲΪĴ֮ף˼ܣϼ޻еһж׵
ʵԴżʮʦͿȻûУǴ֣ΪԷһ˻Ԯ
һе·ˣҺ˸ȴָ˴˴Ҫһɱ
ǽϴЩȫɱˣǵǸʱάϵɽĴͶ츣صڣͻᱻȫƻʱһжˡ
ԣҺ˵ĶһҪ죬ҪɵıĴ֮һ䣬ϼһǸӲӣֻҪɵǾͻһ鷳ʱҾͿԹȥˡ
һĻɣԼɽλ֣һСȸһʱģסЩ˵ĽӦûɶ⡣
ʱ䳤ϳ׷˹ǵͷܣװһʮηӡ
䳤Ȼ֪ڵΪǰǸСֻܸʾȻϻһ¡
һ·񱼣ֱӱԺһ䣬Ҫǽʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬䳤ϱˣһԧзɳֱϴ
Ҹûлͷȥٰ˲ֶζһ飬϶Ѿҵ
վǾ޴ϵ䳤ϺٺһЦ˵οܣǰС̫ãһο¾ûô˰ɣ
ҽ˳ԼǰЦһ
䳤ԹԵ˵˵СҲԼмＸ㲻֪㻹ϸӹ𣿡
䳤ջԧᣬӸµĿҵ
϶ǲ̫һЩɱңҳ
ɱͬ׹뼦һףֻǰСã˹㣬ɽص֮Уɲʲô˶ģҿĸ㣡
˵ţ䳤Ҫ֣һ˵
䳤һ㶣֮ǰʲô𣿡
Һ֪ΪʲôҪͻȻɽǲʲôıѵǰѾӵж¯֮Ӥȫˣʮֺʵ
Ȼ䳤ȴǰһɭȻһЦСӣҪ֪̫ˣȥɣ
һ䣬µǸͻȻһſڣ³һŨɷ֮
̽Ǭ˱ңʦָһ˳ҵǰʦһأűһſڣǹ³һԪ֮ǹ³ɷ֮ײ˹ȥ
ôһ飬䳤ƮȻ£һ̱ҵߣһԧ趯ۻңסҵȫ
ֻþеĽƴ˼ΣҲûʹȫװһеģֻУұ㱻еԧһºݺݵ˽֮ϸ˳ȥ
ҷֱһȣȻһײһӵĴܡ
䳤ϵĴЦϷӵ
һ䳤ϱ׷ұˣһⷢľȻһտĴǰһξ룬ǰû·
Ųһٵ˲䣬һɾɨһͷ㿴䳤еԧֱҵͷƤ˹ȥһ̣䳤ϱٴγҵǰ档
سɴ磬϶ǰţȡ
䳤վҵǰ棬Ц˵Լ˶أ㣬εĻһصĴ¶һص뽫ˣϷҲ㡣϶㿴ܣھֻʣˣûоأ΢΢鶯¶һ˿ɭЦ
Цݣ䳤ЩڣĿĹһۣ˶ǲûиоʲô쳣
ǰˣ䳤ϴһٴγ˹ҴʱеĽ걻Ҽâתâʢһͳ䳤Ϻݺݵ˹ȥ


1804 ƿ
һɨǧ
һ䳤ȥһΣȫκεء
Ȼ䳤ϱյͱӳȥ
䳤ʶеԧȥֵҽ֮ɫĽȻ䳤ϵԧײһ𣬷ˡ޴Ľ֮䳤ŵǣеԧᾹȻ˳ȥݺݵǶǽ֮ϡ
ȫһʱ䳤ĿɿڴȻ⡭ôܣŶ̶̵ļ֮䣬Ϊôܳôࣿ
Һֹһ֮ĳȷе˵ǼСʱ֮ڣΪѾͻͽͲ䳤ܹ۸ǸСˡ
䳤һ֮ٴǰһ䳤ϵ˹ȥұҪĽսȥԮǡ
ΪҲȷϵʲôʱܹ֮
һȥʱ䳤Ͻűǽߣһֽԧ˳ƴɱкȵΪ˳ΣϷһۿԽնɱ
˵գ䳤ϱٴγҳɱ˹֮ӲӲһ˼ʮУûзֳʤҸ䳤Ϲеͬʱŷһ⣬ҵзӡǹʬħϢͷ˳ټǶʬڸҵһΪҸ䳤֮仹һЩ࣬Ȼȴ䳤϶γһЩѹơ
ǶʬڸҵΪûȫתɡ
Ͼ䳤һͣҲǳõа̾뢡
ƴ⼸ʮ֮ڣ֮һƬǽ壬ǽ֮ϵĽۣҲն๵֡
䳤ϸҹôжûн£ʱҲЩˣȻ䣬ĳһƣһ֮ڣһ޷Ŀֲ֮ϯһӸ
Ȼ󣬱㿴䳤ͻȻһеԧͬʱ׷ɣתԧڳҷɹʱҲ֪ǲۻˣԧᳯҷɹʱ򣬶Ȼһѱѣѱİѣ쵽ߵʱѾмʮԧ˷Ұ
϶Ŵˡ
һֱ̣ӽеĽ׷˳ȥȻ˽ߵֶΣǽʱǧӰķһѰѵԧȫ˳ȥ
ͬʱ䳤һΣٴγҵһ࣬һţ˹㳯˹
䳤ϵ̫ˣұ޿ɱܣֻҪӲͷƤһƣȥһ֮ŷɥƣƷֻ·һƶ֮ʱ䳤Լ޷ƽ⡣
ʮڣٳһѩˡ
ұһơ
ûκοǵʱ䣬һƾӭ˹ȥ
תǬơơһȫͬʱ˳
һɻȵϢͨ䳤ϵӵҵ⴦򼤷⣬ӿ䳤ϵڣһɵ˳ҵӵ䳤ϵ⴦ٴνҵΪ
һ̣ҽµĵ淢ˡһ죬ֱӾݽȥһ飬䳤һƺߣһƸ˳ȥ
һƣ䳤ϾҪһŪңܸоһɻȵϢ˳ҵƳӣڰ;֮Уֽˡ
ȥ䳤ϵʱ򣬷ÿһϵʯשᱻ׷ײ顣
ϸСĵͣߣǴڷ
һǿֵס䳤Ϊ׺һơ
ͷϣԧᳯҷȫ赲ڵأ䳤ڸղһ֮ϳ˴ʱЩŭɶ˫ͬʱٴĬ˼Ȼ˫ͬʱ̧𣬳ңңĳһơ
˫һֻ֮˻棬һǺ߽ӿ
ƵˣʱӺ˿ʱܹ˪Ǳ죬಻ԡ
һӦΪֲһ˰ɡ
һĳʱҷܹоֱֲܹӽû䳤Ͻеϣһ֮ϡ
Ȼ䣬Ҳ˺ݣòһүΪ׺һ˺ϴ辭ˡ
ƴʱҺ䳤϶òΪһʩչƿƸԷˡ
ҵΪһ֮ͻͽ˺ϴ辭ʩչͲҪһˣһ˺һ߼һһϵ޷Թ


1805 Ķ
˺ϴ辭˲ɣȫë׶չһޱȿֲϢΪģ˷ӿ
֮ϣǲʯ׷Ư˿УȻԱѿӷۡ
䳤ϳĳһƣһŻ棬һź̼㵽˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ڣԽѹײ˺ϴ辭ķΧ֮󣬿ٵı߽ˣȫת뵽ҵĵ֮С
˺ϴ辭䳤һƵ֮󣬳ɢ͸һЩ䳤ϿҴ˿̵ģٴֳ𾪵ɫ
ôܡôܡôϷơ
䳤Щ˵ţȻٴιʼʩ˫һб죬ߴ˹
ҵ˺ϴ辭Ȼӵǿʢ䳤ĳһƣٵı˺ϴ辭˵߽⣬ɢ
ͬʱ˺ϴ辭䳤Ͽٵ˹ȥʱ䳤֪пֲĴ޷ƽˣתҪߡ
ȻʱɾɲˣѾѵʱʱѾˡ
˺ϴ辭ɢ˿ֲһ½䳤ϸסˣ䳤𾪵ŴͣŬŲһӣǰ߶һȴ֮ͬУٲά衣
ʱ򣬱㽫˺߶˼£ǿֲǿ
һʹ˺ϴ辭ҵķ֮û֮ǰǰǿˣΪ֮˵̺Ҳǿࡣ
֮ʱ䳤ǱҸȫסˣ޷ǰŲһ
޷ǰŲ䳤ϵӻһһĳ߿
϶ǳ׵ĻˣЩŵ˵ôܡôܡ
ٲţҲȻˣɵţ˫֣ճ䳤ץȥ䳤˫˫ַ̤أҪֹ˺ϴ辭ֻӶƬ̣ƶ˹
գ䳤һ׵ľ룬һ˫ֵ˫ʲôʱôǿˡ
䳤ϣڵˣ֮ǰɻʲôԣѧղҵķʽ
䳤ҡҡͷһֱ̣ƽ˹һ֣ץ䳤ϵϣ䳤˫֣סֻϵ֣ŬҪѿȻã˫һץסҵ֣˺ϴ辭͸ˡ
䳤ԭͻ׵ͷ˲ͱͷ׷ȻƤѸٵĲȥ䳤ϵĺʼĳأʼˣ㡭ҡԺҲΪˣӴ˱˳
˵ЩǲЩˣҲԲҪóҽһ
֪ʲôֻҪ㲻ɱңҾ͸㡭䳤ᵽϢƽΪҲǻȥˡ
£ҷһ˺ϴ辭ܺãֻҪ˵˵ǽʬİղںδұ㲻㿴
䳤һ£ɫأгɣҿЩԥٴμӴ˺ϴ辭䳤ʹ֣Ȼŭ˵Ȼ㲻˵Ǿȥɡ
䳤ϰ˵㡭ܻܲһ⣬һҸ˵ܶδһɣ㻹ֱɱҡ
ҲܣҾ֪һ飬㻹ܶ죬˵ھҧ˵
˵˵䳤ĵ
ҽٴηĿʼ䳤ڿ˵ˣ˵˰ʲôطţұ֪ͨүϼѣֱӹȥոˣǾ´ˡ
֮䳤Ͻһܶܶڴ󡭡󡭡
˵⻰ʱͻȻо䳤Щ̫ԾͻȻ͹˳ѪҲ
һ龰ұ֪²䳤ϹҪѶˡ
һĻæֹ˺ϴ辭Ȼٰ˲һΣȻٴϣҵǰ
ϸոɣһͷȥ䳤ϱ㡰䡱һѿѪĴŽǱѵԶǽڶˣǰҲȫѿȻұ㱻ǿӿ˸ӭײ˳ȥڵϹ˺üȦͣʱؿڷƣϢЩ


1806 
һҲŷӦ˼ߵ䳤ϸղվλÿһۣ֮ȫǰƴ͹ͷӣǽϵҲǶ࣬䳤ѾǷˣҡ
һа̾뢣ʹ䣬û뵽ôҡ
䳤ϲҺܿ뵽һ飬֪ղںδˣ϶һֽ䣬ֻҪһ˵ղǸڣᱻ߶˾ͻѶ
䳤Լ֪Լϻᱻֽ䡣
һص˿ǹݵİԼĴ϶ĺڱǾ͸û˵ˡ
Ǹղ䳤ʱҺ˵һ֣ǡ󡱣Ҳ˵ղǸǡֿͷģǾʲôطأ
󺣣ԭ
ƣԴ⣬ҲûʲôŵҲûʱȥˣֹҪ
䳤֮ұٵĴǴ֮˳ϵǱ߶ȥ
ҳһƣʱоΪǹŽܵʹ⻪о࣬ȥǲ֮ϣֶͣתΧǹŽܵʦĸӷ񣬿Ź϶صγһɾ޴ֱǷԾҸо֮еĵѾʼ΢Ļζ
ȥѵǧŵɽڽҪ
ȥΧЩ˵ʱ򣬷˺Ѿˮʥ̵ָŰΧҲߺ۵ʦסˡ
Ǵ˿̣ǹŽܣѾʮʬ壬󲿷ֶǺˮʥ̺Ѫկˣ֮ǰڴ˴ƴɱϵҲȫս
ѪկЩΪֹ˺ɿϺЩʦҲƴˡ
ܲϵ˵ɺ˵Ľ£ǰͺ̣ηȡʱ䡣
˺ɽȫɱˣҲѾˣҿģɽ֮ӦúܿҪϸˡ
һƬ̣Ȼ˾ϣֽȥǬ˱Ҵ㽫ʦָʱ򣬷沢ûжʦ֣ղŶʦԸ䳤ϵǸȥˡ
ĹһȦܿͿ˶ʦɸ䳤Ǿ޴ĹһһײѾǸڵĲˡ
䳤ϸǹ֮以ǣ䳤ǹĵбȻۿۣһݣֱӽǹҲȥ
뵽̵תìͷǾ޴Ĺ飬ǹʦֶһƬȣûע⵽ߵĶ
ڱǹʱѾʬ߸˳˵㱼˹飬Ȼ߸߾һǹĺ֮ϡ
ڴ֮壬Ȼа֮϶ڷʬߵĿƷΧ֮ڣʬһȥǹʱһ˻֮ŷʬĩ˵Сͣ˸֮ǹοʼΣ
һʦֱҳŴսĴһָԸʦֵʦ֣ȥǱߣɱС
ʦֵҵʱת˷򣬳Ⱥ֮ӿȥһſڱԪһסСȵѪկʦȼˣ˲ճ˻ҽ
ʦһ⣬֪Сǵĺѣһȥס˶ԸСȵЩʦʱЩʦҡ
ʦֻð𣬾һһ㣬ԷͻʦĹһʱҲ֪֡
ߣÿȫĵȥԸǸ飬һʼǹҵŷʬߵ֮ӵǿңǹĶС˺ܶ࣬˼֮ǹӰԽԽֱӻһźȫʬС
ʱǷʬѾḶ́ҳӨ֮ɫԼУܹоǷʬ֮һɱϢͨҵƴﵽҵ澭֮УƺǷʬЩǹӴҪתƵһЩ
ҵϢִΪҵΪ޷ôǸոն˺ϴ辭Եʣķѵ޴֮ÿֲգҸо˺ܶࡣ
ֹƬ̣Ƿʬߵɫ𽥰ȥұ㽫ʬ߸Ǳ뵽սȦ֮С
ߵһĹ˵ɱʮһصͺˮʥ̵ĸ֣ʰ쵻ƵĹŽôоЩ΢΢ζţһǹŽΧĹâԽԽˣâһʧơ
һж֮ǸάӴķϴôʦ󣬿Ҫ׶༪١


1807 ֹ
֪ɽѾ᧿Σٲ취ֹϵĻƶ಻ʮӣⷨҪƵˡ
żĲУһƵǷΧļʦ󣬴ɱϼ˵Щʦǹɵģÿһ˶һţһ˱ɱˣļʱ㱻ۿۡ
ϼȻɽȻȫ׼вʦɱ϶ǻ˶ȥġ
Ҳܲôˣȸ˵һɱһֻҪֹܹ
Ȼ϶һӲӣϵΪֲ̫΢һ֣ܽҸɷɳȥֻܴסΧЩȫͶ뵽еĺ۽ߵʦ֣ЩʦʱȻĶãΪΧкܶڱǣҲȥԼһ˱˼ȻҪǿһ㣬ŻЩʦ֡
ֻǣ߸ոմȥܿ˷ҵĵӶԸȸЩ˵г˼ɮʦסҵȥ·
治ϣЩź۽ߵʦʱܸ˶֣⼸ҲǺݽɫ˵ͳ˹
һҧֱӴͭǮ˱ͭǮ󣬰һ죬ǧ˲ɣЩӿɱ˹ȥЩɱڵȻηһ̶ʱҲˣȻηҲܻԸνʱ׷׳ɢȥͭǮǧֱЩʦȥ
ҿʲôЩ˲ʦˣ
ɻ󲻾ʱ򣬶ȻһźǱγһºɫǽЩʦǰ棬ǧͭǮײǶºɫǽʱֱ˲ʧӰ١
ԭôһ¶
ʱ򣬾ȻڳӦЩʦ
ôһ飬ЩոĺɮʦǼҰ
үģΪСүŪǣ
һŭֱӽеĽһʩչ콣յǿһС졣
Щ˱ҵߣâʢһƵ֮㳯Щ˿ӿȥɫĻצڰֹ֮źɮЩѪկʦȥЩ˿ʱɵˣЩģʱϯŴ˰գȵʱѾճ˷ɻңĵ
ʱٴγ֣һźƣѲãǺԽԽŨܿɫĻ㲻ӰŪǺɡ
ǺֻһצĹſѪҧ˹
ȥ˼ϣ̧Ͷ֮ǰô̡
ǿǿֲĺγɵĹﳯϯһĪĿֻŵģҺܿ͵ɷ֮ǣʬǣС
ǶԸɷ֮Ҳûа취ʬߺܿٴα˳վԭһֱӼ˷ʬߣǿֲĺɫ˹ȥ
ʬ߸ոͣһһٱͣſֲĺײʱ򣬷ʬĩ˵СһεĿ˸źʱ㱻ٵĸ˽ȥͳᣬǼɮʦٴγ˹Ҫһɱڴˡ
Ҽ˻Ƿʬ߷Ĵ߶Ǻ˲䱻ȫɣȻɭϢٴͨҵֱתƵҵڲ١
ЩɮʦɱټǾȥ϶ûûˣֻܶռˣٶȻһЩ
뵽һ˺ϴ辭һεıҴ߶ɱ䳤һ㣬ҲҪЩ˸ɱȻƻϵļƻ
֮ǰĹ֮ǺҲ˲١
ԣ˺ϴ辭һʩչ̱һޱȿֲƳ˹ȥ
ϵʯʬ嶼˺ϴ辭˵׷׵Ʈʬ׷ױѣЩʬҲٵıˮ֣ͷҲӷۡ
Щɮʦֻǰͳ壬ûע⵽ߵı仯ѾߣЩƯʬȫҷ֮󣬲֪²תܡ
䳤һ㣬˺ϴ辭ӵķΧ֮ڣܱͬ壬ٲά裬Щ˵Ϊ䳤һȣ˺ܶ࣬Ǹȥֵ˺ϴ辭ֲ
ҵһ裬ʱһĺɮǺɮƮɣʱץ֮С


1808 ֲ֮
Ȼ䣬з˺ϴ辭ּ˼֣ǺɮסԴշ˫ֺһ֮䣬ٵ˥ȥƤĸɰͰ͵ӣϵˮֱȫɣƤŹͷһӶǺɮͱ˺ϴ辭ȫͷ˷ɻңҲ˺ϴ辭תɵˡ
ͬʱЩһͬΧ£ɮʦҲϵĳҿҪѣӻǲĳһһĿ
Ǻˮʥ̵ǼɮŵĻˣлһɮֵؽеħħħѮĺӡ
ˮʥڶһŷɥ˳֮ΪħһĴڡ
аһصƺΪɱħ
ҵԽԽˣħɱħ
ұԸľħҪǻҪײУŷɥ
˺ϴ辭ԽԽǿʢˣϵĳӣܿӵĴź۽ߵʦߣЩʦܵ˺ܴӰ죬ҲʼĳٻǲͣҲͣһͣôʱŬ׷ˣеһжҪһ
˺ϴ辭ϼӴЩҪҵĺɮʦһ˹˫ָסǵţȻĿ֮£һȫҷʬ޴档
ߵĶܿڳ˵Ŀ⣬ҲϣҲһͬ߿˹
֮ǰȫҵһС㣬ǹֵģΪ϶ûзСҲз˻ʱһ£Ҳܼǧˡ
ʵ˺ϴ辭ʩչĿֲɱǼģѰƴҲҲһʬڡ
оͲͬˣңµṆ̀ǿʢ˥Ḷ́һ˺ڷ׷ϣˮֱɣҷٵֲֿĥĸ˸ڳܣֱһɱʹһЩ
˺ϴ辭ĿֲԽԽǿˣǼ˶б˷ɻ֮ڷƴɱ˷׷׳ܶܣɻҲòâ
治ģȻҵΪȲϴһӣ˺ϴ辭̫ԵײУһпһٶǰү۰Խ˸ǵĻֶΣ겻֪жĸһ֮ϡ
˿ԶܷâЩʦȴ޷ܣܿ죬˺ϴ辭Ϳٵ˹ȥһ֣һź۽ߵʦҸ˹ٵĳۿʦҪǰʱһźһֻ֣һץסǺʦ
֪ľֿ϶Ϊһе˺ϴ辭£һжữΪУתﵽҵĵ֮С
̧ͷȥǺľֺܿͱ˺ϴ辭߽֮ˣȻǺʦһΣҵУ֮ǰЩһٵıɳ˸ɣȻҷ
еһеڶȻЩʦһβ̱Ҹ˹
ʱ䣬ѪկļƷʦҸ˹ܵ˼ĵ飬ۿѾҪģǹŽʰ쵵ϢȻıǿʢ
û֮еĵɱ˺ܶѹʰ쵵Ϣǿʢס֮
ֹƬ̣ʦĶ飬߸˹
Ķ飬ȴû˸ȥǸȱΪһ·˺ϴ辭ķ䷶Χ˶ᱻҸһ
һô˵Ҹо֮пʼ͵ǶʬڸҲٵΪҵܹɸһֱɸϽ֮ҵĵҲൽ˼ޡ
޷ܣᴫﵽ澭Ȼ뵿ҷ䡱һ죬ҵΧðһŨĺ
ٴԩĿ޺ҵЩѣ
ԩԹҲûм
ʱҵӻѵģҺܿ˹ˣ˺ϴ辭ʩô˵ҳܲסҪ߻ħļ
ȥզ죿
ҪֵʱȴѾЩ޷סֲˣ޵ȥȴҵľǵѶҪô߻ħ
вСһôҵ


1809 Ѫ
ҷѾ޷ƿ˺ϴ辭ȥƵʱҵĵѾоҪѿһ䷢չȥҵ³ֻ·һ
ΣͷҵԺͻȻһ뵽һ飬˵ұǶʬʬħϢֱһΪҵΪʮĳǲ˵ڵҼ㲻ʩ˺ϴ辭Ҳˣ
Ӧÿȷ˺ϴ辭ֶΡ
ʩݿֲ࣬쳣ֵһּȲ̵ֶɱȻȫڵȴ޷
˺ϴ辭ҾͿЩ˵ΪӶһεԼΪ
뵽һ㣬жʱ࣬Ȼ޷ֹ˺ϴ辭ɣȫܹĳ˺ϴ辭
ڵҪ챬ѵʱͻȻУٴ˼Ĭܿ죬˺ϴ辭ȻһսҵǼҪѿͻȻ䳯ҵ澭ʳȥ뵽ҵ֮С
û뵽ģȷ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬾ȻܹʼһȻʮֻɹ֮ͣղţȷࡣ
Ϊ¸оҵʱ򣬵һʮ㣬ŷŭ˴ȲҪˣ⼸ҵ˵
˵ϣʱӦƵĲУǽҸ޵˼㣬ۿɽάϵͶ츣ص֮ϾҪǸʱͻȻճ֣˺ϴ辭ֶΣ󣬻мĴź۽ߵʦҸɱˣ˸ɡ
ʦ˼ûµʦȥ޷άȥˡ
ԣϵϣ˼ԣҪɱҺԼɣȻټ
ΪǼ˲γ̫ĸţȴԸΥ
˵ⷬʱұЩˣϺεΪղһֱס޷ǼһڳԸǣ⼸˵˭Ķأ
ǼһϵĶ֣߻ôΪʦ
תۼ䣬ϱҵǰ˱һĺ֮Уһͷȣҿ
ΧǺ֣ɷڣһĪѹ
֮ǰЩһͬĴŽߺ۵ʦҲͬһʱɢֱ˺ɶȥһСȺͶʦ֡
ҿ鷳ˡ
ЩŽߺ۵ʦÿһʮǿ
ϾվҵĲԶȻ˺ϴ辭ַΧ֮ڣȥƺûܵ˺ϴ辭ĸţֻϲڳĪֲɭ˺ϴ辭ֽɣϵԴԴϵðɷ
ȥĶ˺ϴ辭ߡ
ֲǡ֮ϴ˸Ī⣬ҸоԼĦ͸ˡ
վҲԶǰֱĿҵʱһԸүһĽŸУӦǱԸүʱҪŲŶԡ
ϾүҵˣǰվŵҵĳС
㿴Һüӣϲͷһһʮּᶨĳ˹û˹
˺ϴ辭ַΧ֮ڣͬͥŲһһߵ˵һټʮǰϷүڰܶɱ䣬·һͬӿ֮ܶУϷĸĸǲү֣֮ʱϷֻһ߰ĺӣĸһնɱ϶˽⵱ʱϷ飬ʱҾͷģһҪѪʲôǧţʲôʥءҪϷһһΪҲĸĸ㳤ĸү߰˷ƣֵʱһΪүΪȴү̫ԶˣɱףϷɱ㣬ҵҲǸοײˡ
˵䣬ϱѾҵߣһƣֱӾͳؿ˹
Ҷ޿ɶ㣬ֻҲһƣ϶Ժ䡣
˫ײһ΢ĺơƺͶתǬƣһҵӻǱĵշƼһ㣬ֱǶԺǽ˹ȥ
¡һҵĺ󱳺ݺݵȥԺǽֱӱײһӣשʯɢһأ˺ϴ辭Ҹ϶Ժһ̣Ѿȫֹ


1810 
һ£ײֵ̣ģǹ˵һ㣬оȫ۵Ҫ
ڣһȫһײҲûô˵
ǴϢʱȫĴʹٴվ˲ͽеĽ˳Ҳһ̣һӰƮȻҵһ࣬ҶûпӰһޱȷŭȥɣ
Ȼҷϵͷȶͷ
ʶ䣬ұ㴦еĽȥֵ
һ죬ͷȱص˽֮ϣµʯʱҵ˫Ųȵķ飬һ̣ҵ³˶ʮס
ŽֶڴѪ
ҪжתǬͷȵתƵ˵֮ϣһȴҲҲˡ
Ұңֿٵķһţҵؿ˹
֮࣬æٴʹƣϵĽ˹ȥ
ĶԽģһը죬һεĴǽӵɳȥʮԶһԣоֱֻۺ񶼿Ҫϵˡ
һʦе絶㳯Դն䣬Һۼֿ죬һ˹ȥȻһͦٴվ
̫ǿˣϵǰҾһһҶӲסƾǿʵȫѹҡ
ݹܵս֣˺ѾȺս֮УҲˣ֮Ѫ߰ߣҲסôʦΧҶʲôطˣŽߺ۵ʦ룬ȫѹˡ
չȥҲͼӵĹ⾰ǼԮҪȫû
ǼһҵˣֿԴʦƻ
վ֮ʶĳ֮һۣǹŽٴʰ쵵ĹâӵǿʢǸѾסţסȨ
ôһĹмʦҳһݣٴξ˽꣬콣ƾʽǼӿҵʦһն˹ȥ
һ֮һ͵Ľӽ֮֮Ϻܿ챻һĹ֣Ʊɫ֮䣬һɫֱЩʦ˹ȥ
ȻһոնҾ;ұιһ磬и˳ҵ󣬶ʱųһ亹룬Ǹ˱ˣһոʱһʱ䣬˱롣
ţϵͷһ㳯˹
Ѿˣ̶ٰ˲϶Ҳ޷㿪⴦Ļǵһȣֻñ۾
һ֮䣬Ҷ۾̽ҵԽӶɳˣȻϵһȲûƨɱ˸һţʱһ򣬷ڵء
һǰܿæתͷȥʱ˲˼һĻ
ϵǰʱһˣȷ˵һϵϵʮ࣬һõĵۣԴϵͷģһ֦ͷһ٣ʱһѱסϵͷȡ
û֪˭˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱֵģôͻȻð˳һ
ϸȥϵʱ򣬷˲֮£ʵ̺ſֲԼУƺܹһ㵭Ľɫâ
ϵ
Ҫɽ֮󣿸ղŲһóˡϵһٽĶϵ
ǲһߵ֮󣬵֮ɱһʰ쵵ĹâţЩâǿʢ
ڵסϣҿı飬ȴܹ֮һ˿ңЩŵʵɽΨһĵɡ㲻ôܹǷ֮
ȥԭòϵǴ˵ɽΨһĵɣһûп
ǵɺٺһЦ˵ǷѾƶȹסˣ˿ʦֶȥţƶ㣬ҪܵɽǺεȵĸ֮һҲ
˵ôӰԭǸɻһλãȥػ֮󣬵ɳʰϣһȷ߼ѹ
ֵΣϷɱ֮󣡡˵ϱеȣǵ˹ȥǵɾ޽㵲һ֣ǿ籩꣬ųӿɳʯһ㣬ĸôֵģܿҲӰӶѣ֮⣬֮ϲĹֲֳ֣


1811 Ӷ
ɸƴһǳνǾ춯أ֮ݲ
ּߣͿϱߣңڳˣɺ֮⣬˭˭·һһɳǶҪġ
һ˶Ŀɿڴ׷ײĿЩѪկʦ϶¶˾ֵ֮ɫ
Ȼܹסϣʱɸȶסˣǽûôָˡ
Ҫ˵ɳֵҲʱһӣҵСͱˡ
ֻһ㶣սܿٴεĴ졣
һʦͺɮ㳯˹
ǱҲ˿ٵĲס˺ǡ
˵ʵֻҪϲԸңǰЩһصͺˮʥ̵ȫûз
ЩˣҼ˼æǬ˱һéɽ塣
ʱԺ֮У˺ɱʮˣһء
óéɽõϵЩʬٵķʬ䣬ԴʣЩһصͺˮʥ̵˿⡣
ȻûϣЩŽߺ۵ʦΪһҲͣҺ˿϶мܲס
éɽһóұĻζһ塱죬֮ϵһƬʬȫȻһ
ұҲͶʮʬᵯû뵽ǣ˿ЩʬȫҲɽϵʿ
ѽɾͲˣɽĵʿô˵ҲǰǵʬŪɽʬ󲻾ܿұٿéɽ壬ٴϵʬ˻ȥ
ϵʿ֮⣬Щɱ˻ȫӵϵ𣬳Щȫʬ촦֮⡣
Ҵ𾪵ǣЩӵϵĽʬʮëʬʣЩһЩëʬ
ëʬĵмߣɱǷǳǿġ
ֻһ˲䣬߸ԷЩˮʥ̺һص˳ֳһƾе״̬
ԷʣµҲʮˣʮ߽ʬʮĽʬ
֮⣬⻹ȺͶʦ֡
ټҺˣ˭ʤ˭ܶδ֪ҸоӦߵʵǿһЩ
ЩëͺëĽʬһ֮Щˮʥ̺һصɵˡ
ȥôཀྵʬֱǽʬĽࡣ
ⳡһŪԼһû뵽һ¾ȻŪôཀྵʬǱ˵ȼߵëʬǷһǰһζéɽʱ򣬶ҲͶʮʬʬ
һĴéɽָŽʬЩһصͺˮʥ̵˳ɱ˹ȥ
Ժ֮ɱҳһţЩʬʬ֮ҽŽéɽٴμ˽꣬һ·彫ȥЩʬסзֵʱ򣬶ٰ˲ֶζȻǵתۼĹ򣬱նɱĸˡ
ҪǽʬͲôЩһصͺˮʥ̵һʱҲ֪ӦԣЩæңǳʱұɱ䡣
Ȼɱʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬۵ĲԶĲ֮һը죬۵ϿӳյһƬ͸
ȻЩһصͺˮʥ̵˶˵ֱӳ汼˳ȥҪߡ
Ǹźŵ϶Ϸȥġ
Һ˴һ𣬵˵ĵȫѪѾȫȾˣҲ֪Ѫǵ˵Ѫ
һۣʲôû˵㳯Щ׷ȥ
ֻǻü׷ϣͻȻЩ˵һźҺϯҺ˶һ⳯˿㷨ϵֶΣȻ۷˻ǵȥأ
£ҽʬ˳Ǻ˹ȥܿ㽫Ǻɴһ飬Һٴ׷ȥʱ򣬷ûˣֻЩ׷ëʬ˵ɵһأ˵ЩʬҲǱϸŷڵصġ
׷˸˵һ䣬Ҫٴǰ׷ȥʱ߻һΣֱǵǰ棬һ
ϸȥʱ򣬷ǸӰ֮ǰҵǸɣһȻ֮ɫ
ʦ棬ôϸˣɱôˡһֵ
ֶε治ղƶҲǱƭˣһԼ棬ƶ˱𴦣Һƶֵļʱ۷˻Сѧ˰յĲֶΣ治Сǵ̾Ϣһ
˵ţǵɵĿҵϣ۾ϵļ΢΢ЩЩ˵񡭡񰡡߰˷ơ


1812 
ɽλĿңԵЩ˼ԣ˵Ҹĳ߰˷ֵƣ߰˷Ƶ˾ֻһǱҵүҵһȥѦλүʱλүҲ˵ҸүȻҲѦүҵĻ񣬵ȷǺԼ
үŴǿ󣬲òŸЩ񣬾ҵҲү࣬ѪҺǰٶֵġ
£ұһ֣ʵλǰ˵ҸҼүЩʶү
ǵ΢΢һЦ˵Ҹүֹʶүƶо֮ƶ̵ܶմܱ˰̵֮ܶУǰձҪƶĿбʳɽзţƶûɿڣĥ꣬үʦһͬɱ˰֮ܶУƶ˳ֵһ˵ǣƶøڵη֮Уʱү֮ɱ˰ܶ棬ĿĿΪ˾̣ǳһŭΪգȴһ춯صĴ¡
̣
һǵһ˵ʵǰ̳ʲôӣ
̳ǽһÿҲǻŹֵĺܣƶڸһЩзţһͨõŮӣֲõүҪȳƶ϶ҲȥҪҲҪ˸ȳ
ɵҲǸˣ˸оûһӡ
ʵҲ̵֪׳ʲôӣûλǰ˵˺ÿֻǲ֪˻ڲڣڵĻҲͷףղˡ
үԾһ޴š
Ц֮ǵɽһ̾˵תۼǰ꣬û뵽˷ǣҸȼˣȻɽ⣬ҪҶڳɽи֮Σ֮Ҫزסˡ
˵ţǵɫһ࣬ͻȻһ˵Ҷƶɽдƶһݡ
ȥɽΨһһɣȻŵһһæһסɣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ǰǧ򲻿ɣһСĴһصаħ˵ö֮ЩҲӦġ
ҵִǵɵĸ첲ʱ򣬷ĸ첲ᣬֽһۣоһɰǣҲ֮Ϊ½ɣҲ֪ˣҲ۶Ԫһ㻯ʣչ֮£֪ԺųƱ֪ˡ
ߣΪɳ֮гˣ֮ţֹ֣֮С˻г֮˾ɼΩгס˼䣬νڵߣҲŽɵõߣԴΪ࣬޵֮ʼҲ֮ȡһ·֮£ʱ̣ʶ俲룬ˮԴ֮ǣ֮һǣţ󣬱ˣߣ߱УоݣеߵĸҺзҲﷴճɵҩסó½ɣʶ֮Ϊɡ
յĽҪɽ֮УΪһ֮ػ
˵ǲɣΪһʶ˼䣬ʵҲģҲҪܵиߵռ䡣
£ǵɫӣƶҵĶ̫ˣҪүƶӰ֮ܶоȳƶҲнɾͣɽ˴ѣͦΣҲƶһɽĶ̫ˣƶЩɽĺӦһл⡣
ҶʱεĲ֪˵Щɶˣ˵ɽıʣҲεģϵ˱ģԭҪԸɽ뵽ͻȻִɽ⡣
֪Ǻõʱ˱ʦ棬һصͺˮʥ̵аڻɽŰ¾µӣ˿̻ɵʱҪҪһͬȥƣЩȫնɱڴˣ
ϵɫһ࣬˵ͷ˵ЩѾ뿪ˣû֮ҲûκôȥһƻʮбҪģƶȴȥ֮ûţһ۷λʦ޷ֵ
ϼһ˽ƻһɸƭ˹ȥ˵пɱһǹ¶ⲻá
£һ֣Ҫ뿪˴ʱǵȴֺסˣʵ尡ԵƬ̡


1813 ʦ
˶һ£ͷֵʦɻʲôԸ
ɴһݸˣŷţϻδ뿪˷ƶܿϵնɱƶҲҪȥ޲ˣһսɽνǴԪҪܳһʱ䶼޷ָˡ
˵⻰ʱǵɵֳһ˿֮ɫ
֪֪֪ǰѾʬ飬ұἰȴû˵ڣ¸ϵ࣬һ̯ӱ㹻˵ˡ
£Һһ뿪˴ս֮еǸۣͷȥʱ򣬷ǵѾƲһƬǽ壬ΨеĵǸŽʰ쵵Ĺâӵǿʢ
˴ţⷨҲʲôѵ飬Сʱ˱ء
ֵһ˵ǣ߳صʱڽ֮ҲһЩʬ壬Щֱӳһص⣬ȫЩˮʥ̵ĺɮǽʱ˴·ȥʱȻûôˣ֮䣬ɱأС
֮Һܿ뵽ǣǴ˿ȫ˱չصǸڣڳҪȽǽӳС
ǣҺ˱ҵǴڣش򿪣ҵǣһҺ˻Ѫ˽˶ĲУʲôˡ
Ѿˣ䳤֣ɽ̫ƽǶȫˡҼ򵥵һ˵
˶ľѣҺ˻Ѫģ֪֮ǰǿ϶Ǿһս
Ҳ˵ʱȽǽӳȥ˵
ʱĵѦҵĵҩɺǿûʲô󰭣ֻаչѵĲУ·Щѣұ㽫չϣǿɻţһ˳
һֱڱչصģɽֳ飬չؿ϶Ǳղסˣӣ϶ûгɹʱɲ˵ɡ
ϣɹģֻҪǽѩ°빦ֻϧǽѩүүˡ
һֱӳķȥһСʱһ·֮ĶһЩҲ̶õĻ棬һصͺˮʥ̵ĳͣÿǰһ·̣ܿźܶʬ壬󲿷ֶɽЩܶ˶ʲô֮£Ǳǹģȫǹۡ
Һɽ֮ƴɱʱɱҲ쳣ңɽȻôˣҲЩǧŰǣȻһص˸˲Ҳ̶ã̫ƽӹЩ̫ˣɽѾڷŻŪز
һ·֮ϣǶûʲôֿǵ˵ϴɽٶҲ죬˵Ҳ죬Դ˴ûʲô̫
ǵʱ򣬷ﲢûʲôˣֻſڵĵطʮʬ壬ʱɽѪζ
ǣǱ˳̨һ·ȥżȻҪߣ϶ҪͨɽŵķǱ߲֮ء
ڰϣţͻȻɽһʹĺǼ˶һ٣Ǹ˹ȥһ֪ϵѪ֮У˹Ƴ棬ЩӴȻͻһڣ˿϶ǾȲˣһǧڣ˶ڳⷬģҲ޷ٻ
˳Ǹ˹ȥǸҲˣҪϵ۾ͻȻˣغʦʦ桭ҡ
ڴ£ҲΣǿȥʱЩƳ滹˹
һ֣оĵЩƳӲı˵Ʒĵ֭ҺɣһƬ
ô¶˶˵ߣһ죬˼ֻʮ׳򼣬ѵ˵ʦʦ桭СʱǰһصˡͻȻˡ鿴Ȼһ˴ɽϳһ棬Ӷûпʲôˣǵİ㣬Ұ
üͷλѵ֣ҪȥץסˣҲǹƶֱץסӣˡ
δ䣬λһ۾ɵԲ
ɿǵ֣վһ̾бɳһŷŸոʧȥĵϴ˹ȥ
ʱһȵĻ⽫ǵʬյž죬ʱǵϴ˱֮һЩϸСġ֨֨ĽǵڵĹƳ淢ʹ졣
ղųǲˣӦþǴӽ֮ӳϵˡ


1814 Ϳ־
λգۼĹճ˻ҽﲻⶼЩȻ
ɽʿ֪жġ
ƶͷֲ֮쳣̸ƶɫ䣬ЩɽΪͨĵӣֵܹס
ڴ˴ͣƬ̣˶˵λζ׵ı㳯ɽ·ȥǵطɽɽŴķλϵҪܵĻ϶Ǹط϶һҵս
£ұŰչǿҲ˵ȥ
ǸȣٶϿ϶࣬ٶȹȥѾǰСʱԺˣǵطǵսżǹ˹ʱɽŴλãֻмٸʿƴɱһƬҲ̶õľ󣬵ʬ壬ľЩɽĵʿһصͺˮʥЩ˵ʬҲ٣ѪɺӣжƯŨصѪζ
ҳǱ߿һۣȻ󽫱ϵİչȻɵҿǣҹȥƣһѡ
ıãһչ˺ǡɫ
£ٰ˲սȦ֮УԴΪڽͻͽٰ֮˲ȫԵسɴֶˣգۼĹ򣬱Ѿ￪⡣
ҵǵط֮󣬶ȥָ϶ϺЩ˲ʲôĸֻ֣ЩжǹһڻͲһɱ޴ĻЩɽĵʿҿ̫
ЩҲսˣսҴЩ˿ǹļƺͺ˵ķʮѵصģӦڹӶһսš
ЩӶϹսģЩǴӰ۴̵׹ֱḻǹЩӶֻҪǮʲô¶ܸɵĳûκԿԡ
ԷĻʮܼ˶ҿ̫
ЩҪˣɱ˾ߣôףҹȥ֮󣬺ܿéɽ壬һ֮£Ŷ죬֮϶ʱ߰ʮߺëʬӵϵ𣬳Щˮʥ̵ǹֿٵԾ˹ȥ
ҿԴ߶ߵĵȼëʬȫòţԸЩֻǹļһ˵ŪһЩëʬЩ˷ѣ߰ʮߺëʬҲѾ㹻ˡ
ЩëʬéɽĴ߶֮£ٵĳźˮʥ̵ǹԾ˹ȥһԾ֮߰ԶЩǹļһһЩݣǺɫëĿֲʬʱŵҵķ磬ӵܼĳЩʬϺɨ˳ȥ
ǽʬǹ밡ӵһоûУȫκв
ֻеĻͲЩɱһڵܽߺëʬķ𣬲Щëʬܿٴε𣬼ȥ
ӵʱ䣬Щëʬ㵽ЩǹֵĽǰһֱЩһϱһҧʱҵĽǱߴ˹˺ѷΣҲ̶á
ҺһȺɽĵʿϹȥʱߵһԼһ
Щˮʥ̵˴඼Щëʬ˺Ƭеıҧ˲ӣкܶཀྵʬЩ˵ϲͣѪ﷢˹˺Ѫ졣
Щûбȫҧˣ۵ĶǾͿ־塣
ã߾ߣҰĵط
ЩŻϴŴ󲿷
һɽԪˣһصͺˮʥҲͬ˲صĴۣ˼پʬɽ
Ϊ׵˺ƽ̻ˣĿɽɽŴķ򣬲ûٴ׷ȥ׷ȥҲˣԶˡ
ƽ̻˺ܿ쵱ϣߵһ˵Ͽȥ֪ͨصˣܲܽסЩһصʱȰɡ
ϵʹļ׵˵ƽˣڴսոտʼʱƶɳ˼˳ȥ֪ͨص˹֧Ԯǳȥ˶ûлɽŴ֮ҲһصڽӦǳȥЩ˶ûл
ⶴ츣غǺãһõĵطܹһе豸˵ֻˣһֱתģԣһʲôͻȻ޷ȡϵһܴı׶ˡ
ҲóȥϽ֪ͨص顣˳
Ӧһæк˼˳˴֮С
Щ˶֮Ҳſ˴ʱĻˣһҲȫѪҲмѪߣȻˣһıߣתͷˣͻȻ͹˵ʦ壬ܣֹһصа˹ɽɽ𣬵ʦ𷣣Ӹƽ֮λˡ


1815 ɽ
صʬ壬Ҳʹļף̾Ϣһſ˻˵Ϊɽƽˣȷʧְ֮ɽŴ֮ڶûгκ⣬һ̫ˣȻҲƶڣɽŴػ©֮ɽ˲ʹĺλɽҰʬ壬󲿷ֶɽĵӣһۣɽ˹룬֮е֮ҲЩа˹ƣ
˵Щʱ˵ĿһһɨΧŵЩɽĳϼλǣЩӵ޲Ǳʹ֮ɫ
һ£˽ֵĺұ֮ɽŴǧǰϹŷ󣬷֮йʮأÿһ֮أȻػ֮˽ɽһĵӣΪⷨڣɸǣʵشӽɽŷɸĳأ֮ⷨеĻҲҪһ֮е֮ɽ֮ڣԺɽø򣬶ÿ˶ҪϽ䣬ǵ˵س֮ߣȫϣжڳλʲô𣿡
˻һڣĸʲôһ֣ɫӽʦ̻ڡ
˵˵ͷȻĿ䵽ҵϣٴθ˵ɽѣȫƾ³ظʬҵҶԮ֣ɽˮ֮УղűҶɸƶһԿϵˣſҪ⺢ڣǽ֮е֮ȻƵˣʱɽķ󶼽ʧȥãⶴ츣Ҳ˲ǧŻһ˶ˣҶɽĶˣԺ˭Ҳɸ⺢ΪѣԺ⺢ʲôѴɽҲҪ߾ʩԮ֣˲壬ȸ֪֮ݶ飬ƶǣɽҲ
⻰˵һһ飬ȥôֳˣһ˲䣬˫۾ˢˢĿңһڣҲ֪Ǻˡ
ˣֻǾԼӦı֣а̻ңݣ˵ö֮Ϊˣʱ͸վΪǸһѡɫ
ʱǻͻȻ˹һ֣Ȼһأһûһ仰Ҳû˵
æȥһѽ˸ɫˣСĿɵ𡣡
ǲǸĿ֮£ҲҲסôɽϵء
£ұƺͶתǬƵͬʱ֮£ٴνһΣ˵ӲŻı̧̧ԭ˻ڸҽǱöתǬƸˣټҽΪͻͽֻôһ㶣ûٸҼȥֱܿӡ
϶Ҳʮֵ֣һμҵʱΪŲûǿôֻǴϣоǻһأ
֮ĻˣܿһǸ˵ҶɣƶԲסˣȮӱһصݺ޻ϣƶҲǱŭͳ޸ͷԣɳ˼ǰȥ׷ɱ㣬ҿ㰲ȫգҪȻƶȻɴ롣
һжȥˣֻһᣬƽ˲عϣ϶⿪ˣҲûôˣƽ֪ͨصһĴͨˣزصģҲǰ취ҿػص
һ죬Ȼƶϱ֪ͨص飬ǽס
ƽˡһ˵
Ȼ˵˱кһ˵ҪȥǵһˣЩ黹ûнȻȥˡ
ˣⳡǳ䶨
ɽĶ츣Ǳסˣǻҵ˴룬ܶ¥󱻴ݻ٣֮ĳʼҲƲɽǧӵУһٴδսɥ˱Ըȥάά󣬻ҪɽҰʬˣæĲɿ
ɽϿնűµϢһս֮ɽҪܳʱʵҲǴġ
ȥɽϵʱ򣬷Ҳĸ˲ˣҲѪ߰ߣЩҲڻս֮ɥ˰ɡ
ɽæǼҲôţȥǣɽ죬˵ЩҪҪȥ죬Ͳ߶ˡ
ˣƽͣһֱ͵ɽɽŷ֮⣬ȵ棬Ѿ


1816 ʬҴ仰
һɽŴ֮ʱ򣬷Ǻ֮ҲƯŲʬ壬඼ɽĵӣҲма˵ʬϱѪȾĳ졣
ɼ˴ҲǾһѪȵɱ
һֱ˰ǹֵǻ˻˵ԺɽĴһֱΪҳӭʱ͡
ת뿪ʱͻȻһ飬Ǳ˵ƽˣܷһ˵
ɫһ֢һƧ㿪ˡ
ҶɣʲôҪƶ˵𣿡һĺ档
ҵ˵ͷɫˣǽ֮һѨǶѨ֮бһ߶ʬ¶
㡭֪ģɫȻֵ˵
ȻɽأɽǧţȻɽĽ֮ȴһ߿ֲĶʬһûι¶ҪǴȥǿ϶Ҫڽ֮Ȼ󲨣ɽͷʮֲ
֪ɽǶʬҲֲѵԭ򣬱ϾǶʬɽǰһλʦеʱ߻ħű˶ʬɽ˲ֽԼʦɱˣζ²ȥֵģǲʦ
֮ǰҿ϶Ҹ飬ɱڣȻȫһˣҶɽдҲԸҡ
ԣҲŸҸ֮¡
£ұƽˣţɽĽ󴳽ȥģǺˮʥ̵Ķһ·׷ɱɽ·Ҳ죬Ա˽ȥֻǽȥûãƴɱʱ䱻Ӹסˣǵض֮Уǵض֮еĶʬҪңҵʱѳԼɽˣĶǶʬһˣǶʬһЩΪƽ˷ģǶʬڸҵĲɽзţԼĹ²͵ѧɽзš
˵ǻЩӲɫźתһЩ̾Ϣһ϶ҲǶʬ֪һЩԵɣǶʬɽǰһλʦ߻ħűǸӣ˼ڽ֮д˼ˣɽӹǶʬԵ˶鷸ƵĴ֮ˣûдɱһˣҶɲҪ¸֪
˵ţǻ˱ֳһ˵
ƽ˷ģ¶ҿ϶ڶ˵ģֻ»һҪƽˡɫ
˵ģƶƳ١˵
ϣ˲ҪҵݣǶʬҲһ֮ˣִٰΪ˵д֪ƭ϶ʮģҶԲס˼ңǵʱҲûа취Ϊ˻ֻðƽ֮ӣŵûǶʬҡЩ˵
ҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵˵ԵְɣҲΪղҲЩ֣ϰҹʱΪֻСʱ֮󣬾͸оǱһˣƶҲЩĵϸˣʦҲһ컯ûⳡ컯ҲȲɽѭ˵ıˡ
˵ˣֻҪƽ˲ңұİˡҳһ
ɽĶ飬ƶмأԺɽϱ˵
һ飬ֵˣҳʱǶʬҸ仰˵ϳʱ䶼ûи˹ȥˣҪ񣬶һҪЩ˹ȥ
üͷһͻȻֳһĨɱ˵ʱǹӦϣĽҲʱУһɽһص֮սҲ²˲һصͺˮʥ̵ˣʦԺüˣģϣƶʦͼʵĻ˹ȥ
ЩһȷǸɱιʬޡ
£ýҲˣһ˱ٴθ˴УҴҵ뿪˴
ȻȻ˵˸ո뿪֮ǵĶһȺصҲżɽĵʿ
ҺǰߵʱøȺصһ档
̧ͷһܿͿһˡ
ѾģǲϾֵԱ
׵һԻһɽװߣ͸үүͷЩףһĹ࣬ŭҵһۿ˵ʱ򣬺ܿͲ²˴˵ݣӦþֵܾľֳձ˰ɡ
ʦֵܵĹϵ֪ɽ˴ѣ϶Ҫġ


1817 һδһ
Щ˽ŲҴңߵĺܼһ¾͸˸档
ʮ׵ĵط˫Զͣ˴˻࿴˶Է
⻹ԩ·խһɽһȺͷ
Ҹɽ֮϶Ȼ⿪ˣҸձ֮ԩûн⿪֮ĳǿɴȥˣ֣类ұһ٣ҲҸˡ
һͣձ۾ң֮͸һĪɱ
һңʱըëСӱҽѵңڴʡʱҪɱң׺ݺһ٣˵ԺҪټһҴһΡ
û뵽ôٴθ׼ˡ
⹷ƵĶһʮĹٷձڣ󻹸һȺصڣʱֳһС˵־һָҵǴصԽӵӷʱ͵Ͽ콫£
һ䣬ʱʮصĸֽǼΧ׷˷
ҽϵİչߵɣչȻ˿ˣʿ䣬ɲţΡΡվ𾫳˳Ķ׵ɵȣͷ
Ҷ֣ʰǱáɫ
һܿǷǴ򲻿ˣǰ־ΪҲȷǲΪһβһˣĵ֤ҵףСүɶµģҪҲСү㵽ס
ۿžҪʱɽǼϵʱվ˳һ˵򲻵ô򲻵áɽĽȫҶɰŻģɽѾ֤Լףƽ֮Ӳ֡
Ǽϵҷֱ棬ձȴһֱĿңûʲôʾȷҪʰһ١
ϴұѪӰʱձһ绰һ˹ңһصİ׻䳤ϣǼһһ¾ͱӵǽһ⡣
Ϊ¶ҾձҲưոݡ
ձûʲôʾ׶ʱһŸʲôϽ£ҪǸҵֿɱۣ
˻һʮصĸֱһͬɱ˹ǱϾصˣɺͰչǸûʲôϵҲûΪǣȫһɱ˹
ԸЩˣҶĽ˳ֱӱƾٰ˲ֶΣéɽԪȭʽǶԴһ
ֻ£кüص˱ҴڵأȻұ㳯Ǻٻ׳˹ȥֳһץ
˵ӣæձ󣬴򡭡ҡ
ұߵʱձʱһߣȻһƣ㳯ϴ˹£ҲһƳձ˹ȥ
ײһ𣬷һը졣
ձе𾪵ǣԭδձȴһƸ岽ͣ
ҳ˶תǬƣƵֶΣһƽƿ
ձʱʧɫû뵽ҵΪȻߵֵزĲ˼顣
ձ𾪵ʱһ֣һѽҪܵ׸ץУȻżʮٰ˲״׿ĵط
ͣʱѾ˺ӱߣ׻һ±ƵɫתͷҵʱǱֱʼˣ־塢šġ࡭ϵļ⻹ģšүҡ
˵꣬һӾͳ׵ϣ׵ʱϸߣ˼š
ү˵ûУԺҿ㣬һδһΣΪڿЦ𣿡ҺЦ˵
үҡԺҲˣξͷҰɡӣ
ðҿָӣȻһŽŷ˳ȥ׹ڵأŴ˺üòǱ
ұǰȥȻһűĺϣƬ̵Ĺձʮɽװ˹ʱձȻСңһѳͳҴ˹
ôĵӣȻȻŹصԱ֪ڸʲô𣿡ձŭ˵ţһҵС˹
ȥҰ˺ôһñӣŹصˣǲҪһ¸̺ü갡
ձĽҴҲûжҪǽʱͻȻһһ죺ס֡
ձĽѾҵǰȻͣһͷȥʱ򣬵һľ߿ٵʻľվżϵľӿϵ̤ˮ


1818 һ
˴ձһʱͻȻ֦ڣϿٵƮһֻľ˺ֹסձ壬Щ졣
ձĽһһҵľ룬ȻͶǽݺᣬҵͷһΪͣȻΪ˵ʦܣϾֳֵܾүүһĴ쵼ΪȻȥ
һ֣ұô˵ΪӦøǻڲ֮䡣
ɽɻ˵ƽ̣ڳ֮ϵĻȨӦöձϡ
ɽô飬ձ϶Ҫ֪ôùһž
ձ浶ǹĸаܹʤǰ֮ڹ޷Ӯ
ľмϵ̤ˮһͷȥҲʶɽõ֮һˡ
ŵǼλɽĳϣһˡ
⼸λϵձﻹΣæ˽һ֣ޱȹ˵ʦ塭
˳˹һҽ²ŵף˵ҶɣСû˵ɣ
ﲻҵĵزЩм˵
ձɫһ¾ͺŭ˵ҵ˷ˣҪϷƴһۣ
ŭһ˵ף㻹ûнƶ׻ϲʦ壿ƶסˣ㻹ҪǲǾˣҪȻƶУ
ԭձĵŽףǸһֵģǰ˶ŭձʱϢϹϾ˵ӲңʦǧҪŭ֪ˣֻС̫ŴԣϷˣңʲڶ
˵⻰ʱձ廹ҵһۡ
ȷһЦЦգʱŭƶ㣬һصͺˮʥɽʱɽĵӱˮʥ̵ûǹһɨһƬʱһصͺˮʥ̵˶ˣ㻹ɶҪɽж𣿡
⻰˵ձʱˣԴҲȥЩε˵ʦ壬ҲǸոյõϢ֪ͨص˽ɽĴˣؽЩһصͺˮʥ̵ȫ𣬵֪ϢƴҲҪɽɽġ
˵ĻûָҵҪԸҶɣɽ֮ʣƴסɽ֮󣬶һɱһصĴ֮һ䣬ɽڣɽʱĶ츣̮ˣﻹʦţɽĶ֣ɽڲʲ֮Уɽδ棿
ձ˵ĻʱһĲ˼飬Ҿ϶룬Сɱ䳤ϣסɽ֮
ⲻڿЦɣ
ܿ죬ձ֤ʵҵ뷨˵ʦ壬ɱ䳤ϣ̫ܰɡСӽƻĺܣ˼ҲСɱ˰ɣ
˶ƶƭ㲻ɣʦ˱ǸҶһԿסϺͺˮʥ̵ߣɽ˶ɽѣæҲͰˣһҪɽĶ֣ǲǾԼϢˣˣԼ˿ɽ㲻ʦſˣŭˡ
ձʱ˵ϣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵֪ˣʦϢŭ
㻹˵Ǹֵ
ձɫر˺üأ϶ǹҲסˣҽǼڵôңǰûһôһˣҪһСĵǸ⣿
ɽ˺༸λϵע֮£ձ߰ͷ­Ҫ
£ձվĳһ֣˵ղŶԲסˡ
˵һֱվڱİչЩˣСŸ磬ǸĳⲻղҶû˵ʲô
ձ̧ͷŰչһۣչŻ𾫳ֱĿ⣬Ȼ壬ҲûʲôʾֻζĿձ塣
Ȼֵ˵ⲻҾ͵øӣձȴС
һʱ䣬վձһ̨׶ûС
ݵǣֵ˵ûӷɵĶأܴܲһǶ
ΪϾֵĴ쵼ʱԹʦųǰţǻҲţǳԶˡ
ձһֱ쵽˲Ӹ£ٴγһ֣ǿĴ˵ղĳˣ£Ҫϲǡ


1819 ǰ·̹
׻˵ĺãɱ˲ͷأһˣһӸλܹһǲ̫ף£Ҳûձ壬תһ֣˵ˣлȣҪȻҪ˶֣˵ŹְԱ㰲ñӣ͹Ҷ׺üˣûʲô¶͸ˣԺпնȻá
˶ʮֿҲҹֵҶɣɽĴʱΪ㳨ֻҪȻû˸㣬ɽдܣ֪ˣӦһ·㻤ͳȥҲΪҷģ·Ȼ̹ٸ
˵ţֳźձ忴һۡ
£ɺǿҲ˹֣һ˱ҡڵ뿪˴˴ߵʱһһţһԺҪٿСӱŵıԴٶ࿴һۡ
Ǳɽһ·֮ϱ˺ܶصˣһеص侯ؾϣɽ羰رˣοͽֹڣһٴа̡
ڣ˸ձкȻص˳Ͽϼۣȴûһǰѯʣձ϶ǲңɽȻԲ˶ߡ
ڰϣɱ㲻޵ǵ˵СŰȻɽĹϵˣֵһˣձ忴Բԣ㶯ɱģҹ࣬ȻСǼ֮ˣԺҪСҪڱ°ӡ
ձ͵ˣҲһأǼǺˣҪ鷳ֻҪڱңҾһԶ೤ѵ׽ˡҵ
㻹ǲҪΪɽĻλγǣƣô˵Ҳǻصĸ߹٣Ժ󲻺ճֵ
ĻձˣǾùͷԺҪǵˣֻܶ
صĸ߹٣۳֮ҲûˣүҲǳԸɷġ
һˣλƵľ뿪ɽ·ϣǱǽ֮з顣
Ǽɻǣһҹ֮䣬ҵΪͻͽ⵽ôһ¶
Ƕʬ飬ѾӦ˻ˣκἰ±Ǽ˵ɽĽ֮УһɽˣֻЩ⣬Ǳǽ֮еģҽȥ֮˽ҵɽĺˣһʱĵͶԵ㴫һЩΪҲҪʣΪɽأҴӦ˻˲
ЩֵҲҵĴҲûжʡ
ұ˵֮УϴŴ飬գզ࣬û뵽ǣϾȻô׻ҲһȼģΪԽֹȻɽĵɹҲ·硣
ֲ˵ϵΪҸүȣҲͲôһߡ
ʵһֱ㲻һ飬ҸүʲôΪѵ˼ҲǵɣѾԽ˵ɵˮ׼
ҾͲö֪ˣ֮µһǼʮǰ㱻ģɲ˵
һΣǿŹϾˣ¾飬ϼˣȴĲУ˵ǲУǿˣû뵽һ⣬Ȼ㾪մ̼飬˵Ժ͸Ǹ缸ˣʲôкһ
ǿС˲ΪҲͣϣǼֶԸߵʱСóǽҲͦţģǰһ⻹Ϊûȫָ״̬֮£ǿʢʱڣӦøࡣ
һ·ţ֪ɽķΧ֮ڣһ·֮ϣˣɫҴңһЩصѺǺˮʥ̵߹
ɽķΧ֮Ժұֻ֮󣬱׼Ӵһ绰ȥɸͻ³أϴǷͲ˯һ
ֻҸտûüӴȥǼһ͸Ҵ˹үοţˣҿɶ˵ˣҿһ̴Ư䳤϶ˡ
һͨ绰Ǳ߱ϲǹƵģɽЩ飬Ƕʬ͵ɵ鲻֪֮⣬Ľȫо͸һ㣬ʵ޻˵
Ҵ˽ӵĻǺһЦ˵ϸ磬ȲᣬܲȸǼ׼һ˾ôȥǵȶˡ
ϣû⣬˵ģ˹ȥǡӵ


1820 Ѫ
Ҹ˵һַܿӦ˵͵ԭصȴƬ̡
ˣǱһƧЪţǰչұţڲͣķɼʱԸߵʱĽԼܶեɾˡ
Ǽһ죬һߵȴţԼСʱҵĹ⾰һĴ󷿳ͣǵԣһʮˣߵǰͿ˵λүǵ˽ܼҵķԸǵģھ𣿡
ˣұкϳϳ֮˸˸طչ˷Ĵ֮Ϻ˯ȥ
һҲڵĲᣬʱ̶Ÿ߶Ƚŵ״̬һͣʱҲûƣһͷĴ˯˹ȥ
ѹʱɫȻȫԵһ֪Ѿ³صľڣԼٹСʱܵҶȡ
Ǻֲһһֱ˯˺Ҷȵͣ
Ҷȵʱ򣬶ѾǺҹˣһ˳ֱѦҩ̣һ·λƣĥĥģȵѦҩ̵ʱ춼Ѿˡ
֮ѦСߺͻж۰Ͱ͵ĵأæҰչϽ˹ȥ
ѦС߶˵Űչһ壬չֵܵûʲô⣬ֻĹȣΪ˲٣ܿסҩʮľָܹҽ͸ƲҩʮȫһӣܿͻȬ
һϢȻչ˵ҪʮȫʱƵĲУҲûа취
ͬʱѦСҲżһǿɣҲûɶ⡣
ҾͲ˵ˣһǾӣĲһ֮۾ʼŹˡ
˶֮󣬻бȥɽ飬ɽ飬Ҳ֪һЩʡֵսѦСߴһ绰֪һ˵һصͺˮʥɽ顣
ѦС߸нӵ˵绰ͦżģսǴ绰ʱѾǽ糿ˣкѦС߶Ҫҵɽս˵鶼ѾƽˣǼҲƽ£Ѿ뿪ɽ
ʱлҴһ绰ҸӴǸ绰͹ػˣеǸ绰Ҳûдͨ
ֻⶫһ㶼õʱŻῪԴϴ¶֮ҶӰˣǵص˻ҵֻλӶҵҵλá
ʱүģѾƽˣԺصҲΪңҲòսսˡ
Ӵ֮ұڹ컯֮£޹Ұ
õǰȫ֮󣬻кѦС߲ûȥɽֻѦҩǡ
ҲǵĵĲУ±ôһɽǧţôᱻһصƵģ
Ǽһһĸ˵һ¾ĻкѦС߶զ಻ѣиǺ޵ֱĴȣ˵ֵĳ涼ûֱ̫ϧˣһ٣˵ʱΪɶȥɽǣһδ֡
Сһ첻еܣһ¼צһ㡣
Ц˵´ٶ͸
ҷһ۸үģ飬㻹أϸϴգҪǰ֪һصͺˮʥһ𹥴ɽĻҾͲȥˣһСͶ
⼸죬ֵܼһֱѦҩ֮УϳǵǸҸĸڣһˣȥʵûʲô˼ֵǴһ𡣰չǻָƣ򹮹һһʱΪ
ǶʬʬħһΪ֮ҵΪνͻͽһ콣ĵڰ˽ʽѪơ
һҪǿΪΪ֧ŵģ˼죬оЩüĿһЩеţȴҲû̫ͻơ
Ѧҩ̴ʮ죬Ǽ˵ƶָĲˣʱǿǴУ˵뿪ɽѾܾˣҪȥһˣʦʦͨһҪСľ裬ϼӷһصڵһʼǴɽģҪǵʱʶǵı˵ɽһɽһ³Ҫҡ
ǿλȥҪǸɽ˵飬Щż
ҪߣҲûǿǣ֮ǰСҪǼ˵ĵ绰Ҳĵ绰ǣ˵¶ʱϵ浽
ǿ֮ұһ飬¶Ѿ˺ܾˣҪȥǶ֮Ŀһˣȥǻкܶ໰ûн۽ΣҪһ𸴡


1821 
ˣѦҩ̴֮󣬱ҪȥһˣݽӸṩϢǿڶ֮ĳһС֮ϣһС죬ƣմһкܶ͵ĺСΧ洬СΧû¸ûҿǸС
ңС˵ͱ䣬һ֮ǰƽ˾գۼĹ籩꣬硣
һУǿ֮ǰĵķΪľǲ˿ǸС
ǸСϾֻһ֣˽ȥҲв㡣
ֲòȥһ˰̣᲻Զð
ԣұҪȥӲҲҪС֮С
ʵҾȥһԭΪѦСһ˵ĽѾöˣԼ֮꿪ʱ򣬾Ҫ顣
ʱȻ뽭һЩͷҶȣǼֵҲҪһ֡
ѦС߶ˣҲûûģԼ¶ĲС
һȥҾɹȥ
ΪǿΧܲҶֲ̫ⷨȫԽɣʡȥҲ鷳
ҽ¸֮Ȼûɶ⣬ܴ˵Ҫһȥϴȥɽûд˵ɶҲҪȥ
Ұһۣû˵ȥδϱŴʲô֣˵ˣǵȫãһйȥҴѵСҪƶʦ̫ɣ
ϻЩһûңǲȥˡ
Һͻ׼ǰһ죬ͻȻͽӵһ绰绰սģ˵һ͸Ϣ
ս˵ˡ
˵¶ʱһ£һŷӦ
ҶˣǸԬʦ㣬Ļͦÿģҽ׽ģ͸սȥá
ս㽫͵Ѻ
ʱǳ걻Ҹ׽ʱѾУǺӻԬġ
Ҫǵʱ˺ӣƾЩ£һŵʬɽʬͽɱˡ
Ȼʱﺢģµȥ֡
걻һ׽ʱѾǰ飬ĺ˳
һˣö˶˵ıѺǵطܣôӳȥأ
ϢҶʱˣ磬ʲôܴӳȥѺôĴãֻһСɫܴӳȥ̫ˡ
Ĳ˵ˮ׼֪ģڵΪҲ޷˿⣬񲢲ĶиĴء
궼ӳȥ鸽ˡ
սʣʱҲЩƵ˵СţǰʱҲǸó꽫ԬȻԬʱһֱ׷ɱҲϵ㣬ұ飬ֱϵԬˣҲܰһ֮ǡ
¶ҵȷսҾЩ̫ףԬһ֪Ǹ壬̫ˣûн㲻֮
û룬սȴԸ顣
ҵͻȻͱЩĪĳأһǺأ֪ǳôӵġ
СţЩ޷ԤϣҲû뵽ô⣬ʱ˺һ֮ұ֪ͨ˽˳ʡһƫƧĵط˴ĸֺص˹ȥһӱǴĹ⾰һֱͰţûзʲô쳣ԣǴҶڳļӾͷҲûмԬȡ
˵ս̾Ϣһֵ˭Ҳû뵽Ǹӳ⣬µǸһʼͦģһװֵӤǾ죬ǸӤͻȻͲˣ쳣׺ݣĿоһӤһ㣬ųֱɱ˳ȥɱصʮ֣Ȼ֮ززˡ
ҵһЩ˼˵һӤôͻȻӣûƭҰɣ
սɫôܻƭ㣬жԬǸӱһıǾһа鸽ӤϣǸаӦþԬͳʦʬţʬűǾͨʬ֮Ԭǵ洫ҾÿռʬŵĻǣͨǸٴθˣȻĳֲΪ֪а


1822 ǹְ
һδƽһⷳǽΪƽϢ飬ܹͣһӣһŪģȻһһֱԵֳҵһĲ
ˣǽǸߵģɱصʮ֣¶ͷͬСˡ
˵ǸĺףܹôֵΧ֮ѣɱ˶ԷôˣԼǱ߻
Ȼ䣬Һһ飬Ԭһʼʱ򣬱һӣȻʦĻתƵǺӵϣ
ʬűҸɱˣǵʦʬҲ֣ǳԬʱΪѾȫԴûκλ֮Ψһܹսʤҵİ취ǽǵʦǵʦԸҡ
ʱɱʬȫǽңҵ٣һͳһˡ
ʵʬŵΪߵġ
ֻǵļƻûüóѣײҵ걻һ׽ԬԶݵ˽ǣü궼¶档
Ҳ湻̵ģʱһֱȵʱ򣬲żСڵʬŵĶ飬ųһ·ɱ˳ȥһӳȥ϶ȥԬˣʦͽ˴һһ׮
ʬžͨʬ֮֮£аķţһΪͨ
ȻéɽڵҢҲͨ˵Ǹһ·һһаֽʬҲ֮ʬܹ֮ĳ
ЩаŵĺܣԬͳ겻ϧԼĹΪۣʬŸɼҵĳж
һʬŽǺӵ帴ǵĶӿ϶ͻˣᱻʬ˵ɡ
ôݰ
תһ룬ʬŸڵΪͻͽ콣඼Ҫ˵ڰ˽ʽڼʬżȻټϳԬҵĶ֡
¾Ƕڱģҵ֡
ĿǰҲܲôˣȻˣʬŽʬˣǸܸûΨһģǱĵȴǹ鷳ڲںδҾͲö֪ˡ
ͨһ֮ұս磬֪ˣԺలŵֶǼСֻҪû¶߾´ˣǶͨˣסڣһܰ𣿡
ҵĵսеôһ˿˿ɣƬ̣˵û⣬һһֱʡصĸְбǵģɷġ
лˣ硣ҳ
Ӧõģ¶ǳӣ϶ҪƺСţԲסˣҲû뵽һսǸ
磬ҲһƬģ¶ֲ㣬ԷǴĻˣڲԺܻᱬģֻ̫öѡҰο
̾ϢһսֵˣɽѾ˽Ĳˣ˵ɽͦΣο¶˴ɽǵصִܾкΪһصֵܾ˶ʮֹעϣܹصֱֹܾھǹְλ϶Ͳˣڻʮص˵λֱһ죬붼룬˵˻үүүүҲûʲôʾ˼Ӧûϵ㣬ǰ֪һиףôҪҪһ£Ǹûᡣ
ҳһ£ȻЦ˵Ҫȥ˾ǹְǲְλҪүүĻ󣿡
սһЦ˳ЦСʲôأүӻ˼ʮŻ쵽˻ĿӣûмôģѾˡ
ҲŲȥҸձ϶ԸʱѹһͷҿܲˣһɢԼͨ˺һЩҵ
սʾһκûᣬҾȴûκ壬ͷοܹҪ˹ƣһǾ޾һЩ
ս˼䣬Ȼұҵ˵绰
˵үүͻȻһ飬ǹغյĴ¶ɱ䳤ϵʱ򣬱˵յ䣬䳤ֻ˵һ֡󡱣ȻԱˣҾүү֪֪䳤˵Ǹطǲİյ鵽ûüĿˡ
ǣұүүһ绰ȥε绰ܿͱͨˣ绰ﴫүʮ˵Сӣүү绰ˣڵĲᣬص鶼ˣжҴкҪǹְôûȤصִܾһʱ䣿


1823 ׹
΢΢һЦ˵үү˼صֵܾ˼
Ȼҵ˼үүҲô㣬ԼŰСүүν˵
ҾͲȥˣҪүȥҿ϶ɣϼҲôҵ
үүһЦ˵үүһҾ֪Сӿ϶ԸҲʺֳϻ죬ΥĶǣ㲣ֱ̫Ҫ죬һҪüܣŪļɹģүүҲͷۣŰɣүүҲܺãںЩ
лүӣȻֵүүһλұɽϸӱ׽˻֪ͨ˸үҴϵӲ˻ЩϼһһƢûУүţС
Ҳû취ˣү¶˭ڲƽ㵱ʱҪɽҾҪˣʱҲǸүӣҪȻ˭ΪҺ۸أúһΪپһЩԺ·ߡүү
ȻұֱүүǰյϢüĿûУһصЩϺˮʥ̹ɽˣưųɽҲԶˣҪȻҲҸĶ˵أ
ү̾ϢһҵĵطˣһüĿûУ˭Ҳ֪˲ںδͷ۰
үүɶһüĿҪ˵˵
ɶаյϢүӼ
үүһס䳤ϵʱ򣬱˵յ䣬ʱ͸˵һ֡󡯣ȻѶӦǱ˽ƣ˵Ǹһȥ飬ΧС˺ܶ࣬үүûʲô⣿ҵ
үү˺һ˵¶Ҳð죬ȷ˵ǸǴ󣬶Ǵ槡oҪһһķѰңҲһ޴Ḷ́¶һ˺ʵģͲҪٲˣոĪ⣬Ͼһ֪𣿡
ӦһȻָүү˵˼䣬ҵ˵绰
˵绰֮о룬үһֱôϵңʵҹĺܣһδԽӻʱүӳһ飬үҲǸҩҽ⿪ľֱк˸үңÿһζвõĺܺã޷죬ûЩĻүүҲ⻪һֵλá
۸ӣԽԽ˾ˣĿǰٹЩ߰飬ҲãԬҲգҲùܣԺҪһܣ档Ҫ㶨Լ飬ȥһ˿Ƚҵ㶨˵
ڶ죬ұһ뿪˺ҶȵѦҩֱ̣ӿų㳯³ķȥ
ڵ³ʱһӴһ绰ϵһ£оһȥľ·ⲻ֪һһԭźߺóһξ롣
ñˮ֮ȥǾ̫ԶһЩĵ޴󣬻ҪһȥȴҵǸط֪û˸ȥ׼
ýӸСҲûӦҲ˹ȥϾǵط̫ˡ
ԣҪȥ飬ֻҺԼ취
һ壬˺üˣһ˵ȥĵطǮ̸ֱҡͷ˵ȥֱӾ͸ܾˣûκء
˵ǰ㣬û˸ȥǵطжôֲ
˴ʱ䣬Һڸļ嶼תһȦû˿ȥ
ҴֱñˮȥʱͻȻһҵңǲǴ׹˵ĿǴ˵׹ϵ˳ƺǸطǸĴƺƬ׹Ϊǵط籩꣬磬궼Ա˳֮Ϊ׹˵ǰ洬Ƭʱֱӱһ׸ˣһֹһΣö֮ͳ׹̸֮ɫ䣬û˸ȥǸط
Ǹǵ˽ŵ¹˵ȥǳǮһſھ͸ʮ˻Ը⣬ҡҡͷ˵ʮ򣬶ֻǿ׹Ǳ۷ҪȻ붼Ҫ룬ʱԸṩǳ뿪ܻܲŻǾͲˣǴ͵ˡ
ʮһ洬ȷʵô㣬Ƕȥ·ҲǺϤ˴ǹȥҲЩǮǬ˱óǮȥ


1824 һƬ
ǵǮ֮ŵ¹㽫Ǵһͷͷͣż洬ʮֵϾɣŵ¹ָмһҴ˵ҴھͿԳ
˵ƴ֮Ҿ;ϵˣƴֵʮʮǮҶÿ˼ǹȥģҲνˡ
£Һɱ˴˿һۣŵ¹洬
洬ȻȥƾɣǸͷͦģڼװϻ˼Ͱܴ󣬲֪ǸɶõģҸоӦӴȶԵġ
֮⣬⴬ϻˣŵ¹ʮˣĴ磬඼ͦʵֻŵ¹Щģô˵
֮ǰǮʲôĶ̸ˣҺɾͽ˴֮УȻ˺ſķǰȥ
ҺǴ糿ʼڴ֮УҸ̸ǿķãûаܹǿ֮С
ɶԴҲҴƱңֲͨ࣬ڷҲһļ⣬һķȻǲڻ£ֻе˿ĸ֪ƽ⣬ɿοҲõģǿֻһСĶ츣أéɽɽĶ츣ûȵģҲֻ࣬ǿȥˣʵҲû̫ա
ɽéɽĶ츣أɽŴǷƽ˾ʵﰵɱǿڣֻǱϿſֲԽӽͨ˹ȥ϶˵Ƕڷһ˽˹ȥǾȫһˡ
Ȼ˵ҾͷȻ̸˰յ飬䳤˵Ǹָ˵һ£һԣܲǰڵľ巽λ
飬ҪܶģԽ࣬Խ׼
ɵһȥҵӵж¯֮ӤǰձǸӵж¯֮Ӥʬ֮ϣԣܹӤʱֳӶٸṩǸֽһĲ㣬ܹһЩüĿ
£ɱ⴬֮ڣó˹֮Ķ㿪ʼ
ɽǹصȥÿһνȥ֮ɱ۾һ£ɫԭԽأɫͨˡ
һЩʮ֮󣬶Ȼû뵽ͷˡ
ЩһϵʱͻȻȫð̣ȻȼɵҲһΣһſڣһѪϡ
һæɸסˣֵ˵ʲôǣһ£һѪ
ɵӻһΣϵĳȥűһƬҰףͷһѾյһƬڵĹףֵ˵硭һƬ硭
û¶ɣӻˣʲô⽰ӵġЩŵ˵
һ֮ͻȻһſҵСţ黹鷳ˣԴҽеεĲ㣬û
ȱ˵Щû¶ɣ޲޵ǵʵ
ҡҡͷ˵õģҵû¶ֻǲ㵽ʱ˷֮Ϣһͺˡ
ﵽײ㵽ʲôʲô˼ҽ
ǳԵǸ⽣ǻһƬģ壬Ҹղһӵж¯֮Ӥÿ㵽ؼʱ̵ʱ򣬾ǿ͸һ㺬壬һĪһֱֹҿ̽еľֱһΣȫȥһ˺ǿķɣҲˣҲΪ̾Ϣһ˵
ʵֽҲҵ֮УǰӵʮΪĹ̥֪Ļ϶ܵĲã޴ȥ飬£Ĵ֮һҲ˵һ֣Сͱˡ
һЩ̫⣬ʲô˼ɸҽһ¡
ɸ˵˼˵ģһģһƬ֪ģһп˲֮У˼άȥ˼ʲôط׽͸
ԽǸҽͣԽǺͿˣ˵֮֮УǾʲôط
УһвԪһ
ѵ˵Ѿڵˣ
Ҹһ֪Уȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ʱŵ¹ͻȻ߽˴գ˵λүܿ͵๫ˣλҪҪ
ŵ¹ĻҺɱֹͣ˽̸׷վżװ˹ȥ


1825 ©Ѫ
Һ˼װ֮ŵ¹㳯Ŷߵķһָ˵λүǰ׹ǵط񶼲ҿطҲգֻ͵ˡ
˵ţŵ¹ЩֵĳźϿһۣҲͷȥ֮ϾȻƯż˶ᣬٵζǸͷ϶Сˡ
ɳſķ۾ȥһûж
Ҳ˳ɵ߿ȥڼĵطıǰ֮Ϻ֣ȴǱ̺죬ֽȻͬľһͷһοĵطЩ档
ҺǸطһʱŵ¹Ѿ˽һСͧ洬жкһǸСֱͧﳤȥ
֮ǰϴʱѯʹŵ¹Ԧһ洬Ҳϸ˵һ飬ȫҲ̫ѡ
ŵ¹֮ұ㵽˼ʻգƾɵ洬ſķһ·С
ľ벻ԶãҺɱ㿿Ǹ򣬶Ȼ䣬ͻȻЩ̫ԾĪľŵһ˿˿ѪζҲ֪ǴʲôطƮɢġ
ͣ洬ŵûУϸһţæͷ˵ԼҲŵˡ
Щˣͣ˴֮󣬱ȥƣʱͻȻַһ⣬ʮأָָǵĽ£˵ˮ뵽˼ʻ棬һͨĺˮѪˮҵͷһˡ
£Һɶһۣæ˼ʻգ˼װϣĴɨһִۣ֮вϵѪˮ͸˽©ˮˡ
תһȦߵ˼װϰڷŵļˮͰԱߣֵĳҺСţơ
ҹȥһƣʱһүģǼˮͰĵײ˿ӣѪˮˮͰʳѾ˴룬ղǾȻһҲûв
մһѪڱǰ˼£˵ѪЩճѪӦǸղŽǴŵ¹ֽš
©ˮһѪĴʣǱ˶ֽš
ΧȫǾ޴ĺޣѪˮ˳żа峯ĴʣȻ˺ˮ֮УĲ˵ЩŵѪζҲ˲ˡ
˵ǾǱŵ¹һүģ֮ǰǸŵ¹ʶΪʲôҪǣ
ڣѾûʱ俼ŵ¹ΪʲôҪˣΪкܶ޴ѾŵѪζǷӵҴɨһۣмʮ㡣
үġ
Ұһ䣬Ҳҵ飬æ꼤˳ûü֣һ޴Ȼײ˴֮ϣײƾɵ洬͵һΣҺɲ͵˵ϡ
еһֻײеڶֻҺվȽŸűеڶֻݺݵײ˹ײ˼֮Ǵͱײǧٿףۿ洬Ҫûȥ
Ŵ廹ûȫûʱҾеĽ꣬æʩչ콣ǰˮʽ
һ֮˷ͬʱʮˮʮ֮ߣЩˮеһգݺݵ
ҺҲ⺣ˮһ͸
һг䶨֮󣬵϶ʱʮ޴㷭˰׶ƤЩֱӾͳ룬ˮʱһƬѪ죬Щûȥʱͬʬҧ˹ȥǳһҡ
콣ֵʺϵıˮзһãǿ
⺣ͷҲ̫һЩЩͷ˵洬Ҳ˶١
ұ㽫ˮ˳źһףҴһͷ˱ˮ֮УǰƯһξ룬Ǵʱǳ׵ĳûˣں֮γһУܿƽ
һж̫ˣҺɶЩֲ
ŵ¹ǼһǹյģȻһףûֶεĻط¹ʣֻ·һ
ɺ޵ǣСӻڴ׼˼ͰѪĿıҪ㸹
ڱˮҺɣһۣⶼЩ£ⶼ룬˭ڱҪǡ
߶ˮ飬׷ŵ¹ȥһ٣ΪʲôҪǶ֣뻹ˣǹѾ߳ԶҲ֪ʲôġ
ǻ¶ҪɣҪʰŵ¹󣬵ǻ֮ȥ鷳ǡ
һ£ұ߶˱ˮ飬Ưں֮ϣǰƵĵطٵʻ˹ȥһУɱ㽫һ̸˳һǰߣһ߸ָ򡭡


1826 ط
洬ûֵĵطֻڿΧҺɶˮ֮󣬱ſķ£
һʼЩ;޴ĺ޶ע⵽ҺߣҪͼǣҺܿ˱ˮ鱾ǿˮһֻеĺԴϳĽǣⶫ϶ǺԵϢһˮ齫ǺԵϢչֳʱЩ㣬ܶôͷģҪ˱ᣬܿͲӰ
⺣ԲǶ֮еİЩǺ˵ҲСආһھ͸ˣܵϢЩвµġ
ˮںкУ͵ĺ޷׷ŵĴɢ̤ʵ
ͻȻ뵽ֻϸ磬ԴϴϺһѣǿɶ֮ҪƤƷǺԱʶĵն񣬸֪һ֮Уϳˣƺü궼ˡ
ٴ˶ֻҪͨˮϵһ£뻹ˣͲҪٴˡ
ܿ죬Һɳűˮ뵽ǰ֮
սȥûãϱͻȻ˷磬Ȼǿ籩꣬ˮ鴵ҡһΣȻڱˮ֮УõķƮҡͷͻȻͳ״¡¡ͣȻһ绮˲ӿƣ㳯ߺݺݻ
³ɾһæ߶űˮ˲ǱʮףһǴڱˮеҺɣʱҲûһ飬˶¡
һֹ֮֮Уǳס˴󲿷ֵڱˮϣҺûˡ
طȻȲɽéɽһһĶ츣֮ڣеҲʮֿɲġ
һûмˢӣҲͱ
ղһһ⣬Ǿ׾˵ֻҪ˴ַΧ֮ڣǷԼԸߡ
ĵǰС
ֻһ벻ͨϾֻһ֣ÿ϶еķ𷨣ҽȱΪնΪɶҪһֲķǿΧˮйͨǿˣпܶ
ȫ𷨵ĴȱۣоЩĺˡ
һǶһʦ̫ģ㲻ô˴ʲôˣþǸݽɫ
һ֮ҺɺܿƯȥΪɱҪ̸ָͨ·طҲദֻⷨں֮ϲܿߣں׵ľûЧˣҺűˮ飬ÿֵʱǾͿٵĳˮ¶ܣһδεա
һˮľ벢̫ҸСǰ˲СʱĹ⾰ֵһĵطȫˣ˵ʣµȫĻͨϵҲ֪ôƵҿһģֻЩطŨһЩЩǳһЩƾһ̣Ȼָ㣬Դһ·衣
ҿǴˣһҿ϶Ҫֱײ˼ô࣬һױᱻⷨɱ˵Ҫ
ĵÿһ츣صڴ붼зǰЩ޴ÿɽɣռݵڣ֮Ҫ󣬱Ҫ˵طʵˣ˭Ҳܹʮأʮ죬ɸռˣռݲϵģЩССɵģҲû̫ʵ
ˣɵĴ֮ϣǰ˴ԼһСʱ֮ǰͻȻȻʣһԴһڣԶɽɽҰ֮䣬ɽҰȫ滨ݣ˱ǣĿ
ǰɨһۣ˵ͷ˵ˣǰӦþǿһ˾ط󣬱֮ɽéɽʮҲ̫࣬Ҳ󡣡
˵ţұɿ˺˱ˮ飬ǰϵͦһۿͷ˰֮ǰ˲ãһʯͷС·ȻǰҺɱҡڵ·һֱǰߡ
Ƕ֪ʲôطֻڵңܻܿһֵġ
ǰһξ֮ͻȻҾ͸оЩԾˣС·Ļ֮Уʲôڿٵĳǿ٣Һٴͣ˽Ųұ㽫ǽ˳


1827 ô
֮䣬ߵĻ֮ʮƱĹֱӽҺɸΧˡ
ЩǵһμЩǣԴȴ籪һ㣬Ӵ
ҷԽ˼ĵطԽܹι״ĶСϣһЩ̥
ЩҺû̫ڽţϾʲôҲʶˡ
Щȴٴһ㣬ǸΧһȦ񣬺﷢ƺ֮
ϾʦصأҺ˽Դ˽ѾǲعˣЩ˵ǶỿĿһԺģǽȫɱˣһ϶Ҫ룬ôɡ
һҪͺģǶ᱾Ͳô˵ǸҸүǲϵ˵ңȻûʲôɫ
ҺɱͲôЩֻҪǣЩûеһʱҲ˹
˵ڿ־ʱϻͷųһζЩҰһŵЩζɱҪһ£ȻûζЩҰޱ֡
£ұ뵽Ӧ֮Ȼ䣬еϢͷųɢȫϵ޷Թģһɿֲѹ˹ȥ
ֲܵϢЩ޶ʱŵֱУϵĳźȥ֮Ҳ˾ֵɫ
ЩȻˣȴû뿪ڲԶҺɡ
һаֻзų˺УʦִǬ˳ǰһʦֹڵ֮󣬱ζһԴͻȻǣڡ
ڻе޻޵һʩչЩ޶ʱŵĻëը׷ײҺһβ;ˡ
ս֮ҪĽ
ҺɶһЦȻ˶ʦ֣С·ǰȥǰ˴Լ··̣ҲҲûʲôŹ֮һߣҺһ߳ܿȥ˴ƽ˱ǣоһԴһ㣬һֱҪҵǸȴûп
ţҺһƬ֮УȻ䣬ǰ˼Ӱ߹ȥһƣС֮ժӡ
Һжһϲæ˹ȥһ֣ǼС˵λСʦǰסڴ˴
ԭС֮һժӣһϷţȻҵʱһ׷תͷңȫ¶ŵ֮ɫ
Сһ˫˫ֵĿ⿴һȻ˵ֱתͷܣӶҪˡ
գۼĹʣҺɣһĴ㵡
ôЩ˼Ƕ˹һ
ɺܿ췴Ӧ˹˵²˹ҲǶģȻİӣǲ²Ź֡
ҲǣôķһҲط
£εҡҡͷһ𣬼ǰȥ
вʱǱ߳Ƭ֣ǰнһξ룬ʱ̧ͷȥʱ򣬵ǰһΡĸɽǸɽİɽ֮䣬ԼܹһģҲǲС
ϾܹռһСĶ츣صڣڵҲյĴˡ
֮һϲæкɼӿ˽ŲǱ߿첽ȥ
Ȼǰһɽ괦СֵʱͻȻоܴɱæеĽ˳ͷһáһ죬һɫγһȥ
һ̣ͷ֮ϣ׷ʮɫɮ۵á
Щӵ䶼Сˣһ붼ʮϣɫ˷ҺɸΧ
վһλȥʮµϹӣеĽһָʵʲôˣôĵӣȻôѵ𣿡
ûǿ£˽꣬һ֣Ϳ˵λʦ³ظʬҵĶйһ֮ԵϴɽǣɶȣǰҶлģλʦͨһֻܹ˼Ҽһ档
Ϲ´һۣЩɻ֮ɫû֮ǰǰ׶ˣЩɻʵʦ˼Ҿȹ㣿
ǿ϶Ǿȹ⻰Ҳ˵ڼ֮ǰɽǣʶ˼ҡҵ
ʱԱһϹӴȥ˵ʦ㣬ǰʦȷǳȥһˣʱʦ˽뿪ʦȥ׷ˡ


1828 
Ϲһ˵˵ɫ䣬һС֪һϹӱת첽ȥǷǳŰɽǴȥġ
ѾүǰٲϵֶΣٲ֮ڣʮϸ΢춼ܾնףղϹ˵ĻȻȫˣ˹ȥʶᣬϲʶˣ֪֪˿Ȼᡣ
Ӹղǵ̸УһЩʮϹӣȻΪʦ壬ȥѾͷĵλǹߵģһֱӾͳʦ壬ǶĵӣλڿѾʮָˡ
ղţҿ϶˵ǹģȻѾ˶£ȴҪ뿪ȥϱǹҲģҪǶᣬ֮飬֮ῴҸ֮ĸϣ뿪ط
ǱΣĻҾƴҲҪȥ
¶û
Ϲ֮ʮϹٴһ㣬Һм䣬һʱԵЩκȻ
£ұٴһ֣֮ǰ˵ǸϹ˵λʦţ
Ϲӿһۣ˵ƶᷨʲô
ûʲôʶʶʦ̫ϲʶһģ̽ʵ
ʦ̫ɫһúЩʵʦǰķţʲôʶ
ҺٺһЦ˵ֹʶӦʶ֮ǰǾʶ
ʦ̫һۣһ±㲻ңҲ֪ɶ˼
ǿҵ͸һ˵һ
㣬ɵ㶵վаСʱĹ⾰Ϲӱ۷˹ʦ̫Ķ˵˼䡣
ЩҲȫ˶˵ǣʦ˸ϳȥִⲻߣɱۣ
ȥǹݵģȻЩϹһ
Ϲһ˵꣬ʦ̫ͻȻɫһ䣬ָҵ߰ɣʦ˵ʶǡ
Һɶһ㶣ұ˵˼ôܷأ϶ʶңͷλʦ̫ÿһԼȥҶʡ
ߣǶѾܿˣôʦһ棬뿪ǲҪʶôҪȻǿɾͲˡʦ̫ŭ
ҵСƢܿˣʱΪõ˵ҲԶǧﶼˣ˶ûмǾߣôףҪǲߣܽ

ʦ̫ŭһһеĽ㳯ҿɱ˹ʮϹҲеĳˢˢ죬һͬɱ
һǷǴ򲻿ˣһ֣˳ЩϹӶһš
Ҳûţһһͬս
ΪѾز䳤϶ҵУȻûнЩϹӷ
һҷˡ
ʮϹĶ·һ׽һʱ䣬Ҹоѽһͬɱ˹ǽ˷ʤΪ·ɱ⧲䣬ϵ·ǻ˼ӣҿٰ˲ɶĿ죬ҪȻҪѪˡ
Ҷʮ׿֮ЩϹٴνǸΧ
ʱЩżĸ˵СţһʮĽкǣһԿţܲ⽣󡣡
ɱķӣֶܵβ̫У⽣֮п϶С£ҽʦִǬٴק˳˵ϣʦ˲ʹ󣬻ðɺܿ췭˶ʦֵϣǰ˳ȥ
Ȼ俴ʦðĹЩϹӶһû˵ȥڶʦֺϵɣ׷˱ܣȻɱ˹
ʵҪ⽣Ҳ̫ѣֻҪҷһУ콣еĻһҲǺһġ
ֻǣҵɱ˼ҪֶΣϾҶҪ˵ģˣﷸɱҪȻ¶û̸ˡ
ֲܣһضˣҲͰ׻ˣҪˡ
˲䣬ʮϹٴνҸˣоȫǽӰҷһһЩԵֵҺܿǽߵ콣ҽеĽͷһףǽʱٵתҲǧӰǰļϹɱ˹ȥ콣ʮְԵһ±ס˶ԷˣЩϹӼɱֻýͭǮ˳ƴ


1829 
Ƶǣý赲סһˣʣļϹɿĽɱǶֵǸӣһҲǵĿľҪɱңǹеʱҾ亹
ÿһɶԼĿҾѧɽʦéɽҪǿƹͽʬɽ״ϹǵĽ̫ˣЩĽܲ͸磬˶
ֻԼǿΪٰ˲Σʱ̲ͣĶյһδζ˹ȥ
һˣڲԶڶʦֵϣһֲ¶ӣû˸ȥǶʦֵùͷ
Ƕʦһ͵ӣҳԿΧŹԾԾԣҪǰҽΧ
Ҳ֪أŶʦ֣ǰ
ƴʮӣϵ·ʪ͸ˣ⽣ǵĽ֮УҲ˲ٰ֮ͨϵƴҲѧԷٳ
ֹ˼ӣұЩͷˣһ߶һ߳㿴Ϸأô֧аҪȻҪɱˡ
ŸպСţ⽣˵㲻Ƕ㣬ҪƲУ⽣Խ٣ԽСɿԲɽ󣬵߸˵ʱ룬ֻܰﵽԼŰɡ
үģ⻰ͬû˵Ҳûи֮⽣ԶһʱҲƲ̫Ķ߳
ڣֻܿԼˡ
£һݣֱӽеͭǮҲ׷˳ȥ˱ͭǮŻһ죬ʱͭǮЩϹӵ̺ɨ˳ȥҲǣЩͭǮֱǵĽ´˹ȥߣЩϹӵΪͣұͭǮ׷׶ܡ
⾰æٰ˲Ϲӵǰһ˦֣㽫ѦС߸ҵлɢͷ˳ȥ
ҳֿ죬ֽϹӶ̱С
ȥлɢֳ֮༸λϹӳȥѾ˷ʼ׷׶
лɢϹΪͦߣǱһǰһֱͦͦĵȥ
ʦáʦ̫һŵڵϵʦ̫һۣʱŭգŭƤ˵ӣȻ÷Ŷƶ᲻Ҫ
˵գļλϹٴγɱ
ֻϹӵ֮߾ʣ߸ˣǱҲס
ٴγɱӦҲࡣ
˵ǰ㣬һǵڻߵ߸˵ʱȻܹɽ󣬲ʵȷʵۿۡ
ټʱѾЩϰǵĽӦҲôˡ
ƴӣҳûһлɢ˵ȥ
˵СѲסˣƴ֮󣬾ͻʣˣȫ࣬һԽϹķ˳ȥ֮ͻʣʦ̫
ʦ̫һˣҲȻ壬ҿأ˺˼ͻȻ˼еĽ㻯һƬӰѣ̺ɱ
⽣Ҽҵʱõ󽣷ľѧ
ֻǲϹȫ⽣ʩչһֱ㽫ٻУһɨǧ㳯ʦ̫ῳ˳ȥ
һ֮һɫĽ˳ȥֱֱĴʦ̫ʦ̫æҼ䣬ٽֿһ㽫ǵɫĽ˳ȥڴʱѾٰ˲ĽǰֳҵĲץȥ
ڴʱߴһը죬һѰɫȻƾճ֣ҵֱ۴˹
û뾹Ȼ˰͵ϮǷ̫ˣҶ޿ɶ㣬ֱֻȥֵ˳˶תǬƵ
Ƿܴײҵֱ֮ϣұ˳ȥź˺üһһӡǽӡ߰ſͣ
һعʱ򣬷ǰͻȻͳһãλòǱˣ֮ǰȹһǶᡣ
ʦ桭ܡϲƤСӡʦ̫˫ֺʮǶһ
һ˪ı飬˵˰ˡϾҵĺˣǵֵסҲƶ֮С
һˣҵ˽꣬һ֣ޱȹ˵ʬҺᣬǰлǰϴεľ֮ġ


1830 Ψһİ취
Ƕһۣһƶῴ֮ⲻھưɣʲô˼ƶ֪ܲˣ߰ɣǲģ˵棬ҪȻݹƶᷭ顣
ϹһͶȻܾң֮ǰ˵ԤϵģԴҴû˳˳ġ
£ٴοͿ˵ǰ²Զǧǧղŵطܲҿֶɣ
ֶ飿Ƕ۾һУɱ˵ϵһһһһľ㶼ߣƶڻûзڣϽȥƶᷢ˻Ҫ߾ûô׵ˡ
ҷⶫ治˵ôżߣ֪ʲôġ
£ҵɫ΢΢һٴι˵ǰʵҲ֪Һ֮һЩԨԴǰǱһˣΪһصһص³зֶ°ߣǰȥȣȴΧԷҪЮ֮£ת£ô꣬һֱǶͷһ飬ûзӰΪ˻³صһصķֶ涼ˡһֱΪˣʬ嶼Ұ޸ˣû뵽˼ҾһĿģǾǽߣҵӣϣǰҶһķݶϣ̧ܸ֣ܲȫǣ
Ƶûһ˿Щ֮ǰ϶Ҳ֪ġ
˵֮Ƕ᲻Ϊֻǵ˵߰ɣ˵棬ѾҶ£ǲܽߵġ
ǰ¶ûˣ۾һУȻЩˡ
Ƕվԭأ˵û
ֻˡվ˵
ôţСӻӲɣᵭ˵
ۿǶ˾ҪŵʱͻȻǰ˻֣Ц˵ԥɣᣬǰҲףҲˣ֪˶ٿ࣬˶˻һصҲһԿԧ죬͸̧֣ǶԼɡνʮţһ׮飬ҴȱΪնʦ̫һеĵͲˡ
ǶĿٴɵϣ˵һԥңķ˵ôܴⷨصĿԭҵĸˣƶ᲻㵹Ҳˣ㻹Ҫǣ
⻰˵ɫһ죬֪ôӿˡ
˿û˵ϹϣʣΨһİ취Ӳˡ
ԲסˣǰȻϷˣֻԼ뿪ˡҵ
˵ţұٰ˲ֶΣٵĳŲԶȥһʮٰ˲ȶȻ䣬һѷҵǰҺɨ˹
ҵٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬ϾǳãҸүһֵĴãֶο϶ˣһͰ׻λϡ
ҲǶŭ±˽꣬öƴ
ǿ˿̵ҲߣһĲɿõֶκǿֻһƴȫ֮ԵУתۼĹ㶷˼ʮУ֮һƬǽ壬ʯɡ
Ѿʹȫȴо޷Է⣬ϹӵΪԱҸ߳һЩ
£ҼͭǮͭǮúɨ˳ȥȴһΣҵҽһǻӽ֮һɫĻǶƶȥ
ǶվȷһһӡǰңңһģĬģûӳ֣һĽӲӵġdǰõסɫĻ
Ȼ䣬ǶһΣٴγҵǰ棬еķһзһը죬ݺݳҳ˹
ֻýȥǷص£˴һ˦˳ȥһӷأеķٴαУǧ˿ߣ˷ƶֱӷסҵȥ·
ˣǧ˿ַ֮ɳһ˿ߣ
ΣһΣæ˼շ仯ϣҵǰǧ˿߱Щߵ֮ϣҳٴοȥʱ򣬷ǧ˿ߣԽԽϰò˶ãҾҪǶС
ʱҲôǲˡ


1831 һμ
ۿǶеķǧ˿߽ҰԽԽ㣬ҺܿͻᱻƣձǶסɨأ͸˵ȥˡ
ҲǷ˺ݣһҧֱӱ߶˺ϴ辭Ҳ˲ôˣֻһ뷨һҪȥκ˶
Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭һ̣ë׶ʱٵţһޱȿֲʱ˿Ϊģٵĳ˹ȥ
ԴұɽĶʬʬħϢԼһΪ֮˺ϴ辭ǸӵӦˡ
ܹʩһܹȷʹͬʱһתҵ֮лΪá
˺ϴ辭ֶʮԵһʩչݿ࣬ҸղԼշ۵ϱ߽⣬ֱӱɵˣ㳯ŲսǷ˹ȥ
˺ϴ辭
ҸһʩչֶʱǶܿ˳
Ҿ˷ҵѹȻһգǶĿȥʱ򣬷ǰѷٴС
˿ǶῴҵĿЩ죬ȥԵʮּϵҲŲѰĸָܵ˺ϴ辭Ŀֲһǿ־壬ǶȴûУֻЩ֮лЩ
˺ϴ辭֮ܿӵߣɮƯ
ⶫ㶵վһֱĿңһӦûС
ڸʲôҪѰ·
һ̣дΪ⡣
ǶֶΣܻĿûа취ֶλеģվûٶ
ס֡ԶԶģһϤƮ˹һһ𣬳ǸƮķȥʱǰһǸҳ˼ĺ˶ڳˣ߿ɫɮۣͷϴɮñˣҲ޷ڵʢա
Ǵ˿̵ȻɮۣһѵѾ
ڿұһ̣˺ϴ辭Ѿܿ㱻ֹͣ˿̵Ǽģٴμ
ʦߵǶߣͻȻͨһʦӸټһģһὫ˵ġ
ǶŴҵջĿ⣬ȻֿȻ䣬ҸоᾹȻһȻʧ֮У̾Ϣһ˵˰ˡд˰ٷ֮һҵĺãƶҲˣƶᾹȻٴζ˷ģӷ𡭡
˵գǶͻȻһ˦䣬ƾհεض𣬼֮ʧˡ
Ƕ֮ЩϹҲ׷ȥҲĿһۣҡͷ̾ϢһкŶʦ֣˲ԶһƬ
Ƕ֮㶿ղʧĵطһŷӦ˹
ղŶ˵Ƿʲô˼أ
Ϊʲôʩչ˺ϴ辭Ȼ˵ֿһԲĿҡ
Ȼ䣬ѦλүӸ˵Ļ˵ⶫʱò绨ʱĽ֮Ϊһ֦׷ǶƫƫҼҸүжӣҸү˼ƺûзⶫϣ˶ŻĻ䣬ܵ˼ҡ
룬ղſʩչ˺ϴ辭϶뵽ҼҸү˶˼ˣǰĹŻΪҸү֮䵽׷ʲôҲö֪ǴղŵǷУ룬Ƕ
һг䶨ɹ˵û
ҵĿٴϣĳ˹ȥ
ٴοʱҵ黹εļٴҹλأǸȻӰһֱҵԺи֣ʱգٴμ
ȥҪȴֳһǧ֮ģһԼȴվ׵ĵطкĿҡ
ΪʲôҪһֱңôˣΪʲôȥңЩʵ
עԵ޷֣߰ɣһμ档еۿͻȻҼȴǰȻ
Ϊʲôǲ˵Ҫһ𣿵ʱ֮ǰ˵Ҫ޸ҵġǰĿ
һʱһʱԲСŸ磬Ҹ㣬˰ɡ⻰һڣŴŵĴۿй˳ǰ


1832 Ϊ
ǧ࣬Ҳŵطû뵽ȴõһ
ǶҲͰˣȻҲ˵
Ȼ䣬ҵǱӺݺݵĸһ£۵Һʹ
Ȼһһ֪Ϊʲô
һ̣ͻȻǰһȥץҪȴûж㿪һ¾ͱץһţ£Ҳûѿץģ֣һӲɿ
ǲǶвˣ뿪ңĻҾƴҲһȥңҿġٴ˵
ҡͷһ㣬ֻǲͣ䣬޵ģ۲ѣиǼͣȲ˵ԭҲߣ⾿Ҫ
Ҿһ仰ﵽ׻ûң벻һ𣿡˫ץסϸı۰ֱĿ
ңǳҡҡͷֳҵ˵ͷǾʧС¹һЩ޴˵СŸ磬߰ɣҲ֪ô˵ǽעԵ޷֣ǲܸߵġ
ΪʲôҽΪʲôȴûеõκεĴ𰸣еֻȻľܾ֪϶ңҪȻʱұͰ׻ΧʱҲܳҡ
ջ̧ͷֱҵĿ⣬һΣɺʱȴᶨࣺСŸ磬ûôΪʲôѾӦʦţΪᣬ̳²Ұɡ
˵ⷬ˵ֱһԴ죬תһ㣬ֲԾıɿӡ
֮ǰֶ̫Ҫˣߣǿһжûκˡ
һЩģɻ󶼲ͷòʣһоǿǵһθʹ絶ʡ
㸸ĸͬǵʱͻȻ뿪ˣʱȥǼ꣬ҵĵ绰һֱûлţΪʲôϵأֵ
ҸΪ̰ܻߣŲùѺ̣ĸΪܲôĴɱˣһ˾˸طȴҲ֪Щһصôҵңʱ㣬ҪΪңҲὫȥҵ
֮أ֮ȥ㣬öûҵѵǱˣ
˵ͷ˵ʱʦɽµѰһֲҩý£˵Ҿ˿ʱ˵ĺأֻһˣڿһˣܹ´߶֮ʦ㴫Ϊͽ缺ҲܶԲ뿪СŸ硭ԲҸ㡭
˵ţһ߿ţһȥһϸϸ˺ۣᴩգȴһֲȱ֮Ȼ䣬ͻȻֽͷϵɮñժһͷٲĺڷ
ʱµʱһĪٴδʹҡ
һ̣ͻȻһѷذף⧲䣬ٲĳһȥ㷢ն䣬УָᣬһȦ
Ϊձնǧ˿Ӵ˶šСŸ磬Ҹ㣬ԸΪţ檣ҡ
˵䣬ҿ۽ǾȻһѪᣬеĳ˹Ȼתķȥ
ֽסĳűȥӰѪһ·
ҵҲǱͿһۣ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
﾿Ϊʲôʲô֪ˣȴʧȥʲô㷢㶵ĿԶȥķһ̣ʹ絶ʣԸӡ
գλһڵ㣬ҵǰʧһƬģ
ҾվһӰ쵽ҹ䣬Ƕ
ҵӿնģĿںۡ
֪վʲôʱ򣬴ͻȻһ̾߰ɣСţʱУʱĪǿ󡭡ⶼ
˵䣬ɴŶʦߵҵǰ
ʱҲһɵǲʲô֪ˣ
֪޷ıʲôʹ飬޷ֹ㣬ֻһ⣬֪˽ײǽſϻͷƢһܲ˽⣿ЩĪ˵
һ£ֵ߰ɣԸˣҲûȥˡ
ҵ˵ͷҲ̾ϢһͷǴķһۣһۣһ۾ҪΪ


1833 
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ҪģҲеǸӣȴò뿪
Ϊ뿪Ǹˣһߡ
Щȴǿ󲻵ãҲƤˡ
Һת뿪ʱѾǵڶ糿ˣҾôɵ㶵վһҹҲ֪ʲô
Ҹû룬վֻǾһЩ
ʵҲܹѴҲЩҲɼ
ڽܻкܶɼʱ򣬾ͱҺҵĸĸͲһһֻʱľéɽһܹҲ档
ܸһҲԭģ֪ң⼸굱УǶ֮Ҳ˺ܶ㺣ǶжһǾ֪֮֮֮
ҲܹʮֿڣԼһΪȫڸ̳²Ժ˵Ҫġ
ʾѣһеĺòϣ֮ǰұ㷢ˡ
ҵʱΪѾʮǿˣɼѾܶ౾¡
ΪˣŻ᲻ϸߵġ
ʵڸղţᱯȻȥѾˣҵϺ;򶯣Ҳ֮˵򶯣ֻҪʱ뿪ԲʱȴַŲˡ
֮ϣԹ˭˵أ
֪࣬ڵǷֿʱͺܿ࣬ױ̣ĸɱʱʲôҲԸٴҵһ˹¿Ĺӡ
ʱ
ʱģʲôˣ֪
ȻѾˣһص˻ǽҵˣңŷǼȻȻ¸ľٶ
ʱңѾûʲôǣҵˣΪ˲ңһ
Ȼĳ֣ٴθıһУɽϤϣ缺
ǿĵס֣ͽͽﴫΪǶ̫ϲˣ˹ŵӣԴ̫أܹ
ҺͶ֮Ҫѡһ
һ飬һǰ顣
ѡ飬ֻܷҡ
Ϊձնǧ˿Ӵ˶šСŸ磬Ҹ㣬ԸΪţ檣ҡ
仰һֱҶ߻죬ΣÿһζҵѪʹ絶ʡ
뿪ʲôûзһ
ֻѾ˰̣֪ʱϡ
һӡ
֪ǲһү˶ᣬȷΪͽҡ
аȥ룬һжǶΪ֮
ʵǣԵ
ȴòȻܡ
ɣһ
ת뿪ʱ˺ܶܶ࣬оһЩû֮ǰǰˡ
һֱߣһ仰û˵֮ǰǶʦִŶʦ֣ǻĳſıԵȥ
ߵʱǸطʱ򣬱㿴ǵطȴͻȻһˣҲһľ
Ǹ֮ǰиҽֵʦ̫
Ȼ俴Щԡ
ʱʦ̫ͻȻǰһ΢΢ʮֿ˵ӷ𡭡λʩǷʦĿͣλ뿪ģܷأȥҪȽҪգʦ嵣Ķλ߲ȥƶͶλ뿪ġ
˵ͻȻǰһЦǺǵ˵лλʦ̫ˡˡ
˵ţɱһͬľ
ȥ֮ʦ̫վ˴ͷ˼ǴأƮȥ֮С
ʦ̫㲻ǰ鷳һһˣǴС֮ҹգ˲Сʱ뿪ⷨڼ䲻һգֱӶ㿪ǿֲ
˿ķ֮ʦ̫ٴγһ񣬿˵λʩСˣǶ뿪ɣʦƶʩ仰ԺͲҪˡ
˵գʦ̫һ֣ͻȻӺˮ֮Ưһͷ޳裬ʦ̫һԾǾ޳ĺ֮ϣ֮С
Щ࣬ҵģҪȻҲʦ̫뿪Ǿ仰ȴҵٴĪʹһ¡
ԺͲҪˡԺͲҪˡ
ǰľȻѵԺҲһ𣿴һĳ֮𡭡
̾Ϣһҵļ˵߰ɡˡ


1834 ̤Ьٴ
ǰҵȷǲˡ
ջĿ⣬һ𣬻ľźߵķ򻬶ȥ
Ҹһξ룬ͷȥʱ򣬷ڿǰƣ֮ȷֶʱ磬η
֮޲ۣҺɺ˳ı۷ԭϰǸͷ
Ȼ֮һ飬үģһʮŵ¹ȥôǮһ洬ҲͰˣСȴҪŪҺ
ǽŪ©ˮһڴ׼˼ͰѪôĴΧǣͨ˻вһЩģ㸹ˡ
ֱ˰һʱҾ۷׷ɱŵ¹ҵҪСүˣĵֶΰҡ
ֻǵʱûȥ׷ò׵ǰ¶ҪȻȥˡ
һˡ
ҵ̫ˣһʱҲ޷жʲôҪ֣ԱҪҵŵ¹ʲС
һص㣬ǾгҪˮ
£ҺһȻûʲôҲţ顣
δӿŻһаûеطء
ԣһҺɵͷ̱֮ҵͷæһЩˣŵ¹ˣȻһ֮£Ȼûһʶŵ¹󣬶ǻ˵Ҳû˽ŵ¹ġ
ȥǱ˸һҶԷıѾõģ˵ҲˣҺûм֪Ǽֵ֮⣬ֻ֪顣
ǽӾԲẦңҲѾ䵱ֵˡ
ԣֻһܣǾǵҺĴȥʱ򣬶Էע⵽ǣΪʱҺ洬ȥȥ˶ҡͷȥˣҺ˴졣
Ĺ⾰ŵ¹׼Ѫ洬ݺǡ
һ뵽洬ұ⣬۷ͷһˣ洬飬Ҽһ£˱˵洬Ǳ޼ҵ洬
£Һɱ޼ңǰ죬ʱ֣Һɵ޼ʱ򣬷޼ˣźӶڡ
һʮˣʮֺʵҲʲôΪ
ҵû洬Ҫһֻһ˵Ҫ洬ʱˣ˵զˣô洬ǰ˻ǮһҿҪϵ洬
ұ洬˽ʲôûʲôϵʽʲôġ
ֻ˵Ǹţʲô֪͸ǮҲûκεϵʽ
·߲ͨˣԷҪңȻκŵ¹ҲǹСĽġ
Ҳ˵ŵ¹󲢲Ǳˣӵ˶ʶ
һʼ˿һصģϸһ־ò̫ԣһصҪˣᣬǾʵӲӲĸһܣһҿ϶ͷܡ
һûУҺŷˣڼ洬ֹһȦһǱ㿪ų˵صسǣϢһߡ
챼ҲʵЩƣۣϵƣҲֵ㲡
ʱһжȻȤ
˵س֮žöĲУұкȥȾƣҪȸһݡ
νһǧ֮㲻ôˡ
ǣҺ˵һҹӣֱӾ˽ȥһ䣬һӲˣҪ˼ƿþƣ
࣬Һ˺ܶƣһ£ͺ׺ƿ׾¶ǣ;Щκкһȥˮ
Ȼ룬һˮȴһˡ
ǸҲڲˮȵκע⵽ʱȴûע⵽ңҲ
ҵļܺãһ۱ϳǸŵ¹һ𣬽Һ͵һӡ
һ˺ܶƣκﻹСһʮֵģ
Ҳɺһˣ˴룬Ǹ˳˲֮ҽž͸ȥǸߵһ䣬Ȼţ˽ȥŵһɲǼ䣬ƺǿŵ¹Ӱ
үģ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡡
ⶼ⣬Сүǡ
źҵǮңСүǡ
£ҿٵ۷ҵİ䣬֪һҲǳԾѣ˵ôɵ飬Ǳһŵ¹ڵİſڡ


1835 ǼӸ
ҺϢߵŵ¹İſڣϸĶҸǰٲϵֶΡ
洫˺üˬʵĴС
λֵܣǮ׬װ׹תôһȦʮ͵ˣҲ֪ɵ浽׹ȥɶ㸹ˣʵǸ缸֣ǵ׹Ҳһ糬ĺá
ŵ¹ǵ
һ˵Ÿ磬ͷǮɵӸʮǱҲʮҲ̫һЩԺŸ绹ĺ¶ǧҪֵǡ
Ļ󣬲ԺлᣬһλֵܣǺȾơ
ŵ¹˵ţٴδｻ졣
һҲ˵ͷ˵ǡ
£ǻʲô˵ġ
ֱţű㴫һ˲ͷ˭
ԱƵǼӸˡҵ
ϡð㴫Ų죬Ȼһ˱ţŸһ򿪣һлɢ˹ȥ˶ûзӦôһ¶˾͵˵ϡ
ȻҺԼ˽ȥԱߵ˶ʱȻȻӾϾվƿ߿˹
˭ʱ򣬶ʱһĲ˼飬ŵ¹ŴͣӲ˳ǡǡôţ
û뵽ɣҲû뵽ǻټ档ƵЦţ㳯˹ȥ
Ÿ磬ɷǣ
ŵ¹һǸһվƿͳ˹ͷͣһֱ㽫ǿվƿץУһֻסĲӣٺһЦȻз˴ҵľƿʱһ죬Ӳĸˡ
ܹһ½ƿ飬öǸץŵ˶ʱɫ䣬һ˲һ㽫ֱӷ˳ȥǽϣȻ˹ȥ
һˣһлɢŵһҴΣֻʣһŵ¹ˡ
һֲ֪ǸͲߣͨˣҪң͵ҲǱ˵ǹʹ
һ˹ȥŵ¹ŵһƨȥϵļⶶģǿҪˡ
ҿûһۣߵǰ棬ͷһһӲˣƺȵҲę́
þƺò˵ġһƿƣڣȻŵ¹Ķ档
ŵ¹ʱɥүλүŵ¹Щʶ̩ɽ˶λүҡͰǮ˸ǡ
˵ţŵ¹ΡΡһпֵаʮλү̧֣ɡ
Һһھƣ
ŵ¹󲻸Ҳӣæһ˹ֱӹҵǰҿԼƣϵĸŲǡ
ܲãҲĶִˣǱ˵˵ɣ˭ָʹôɵģֻһΣҪǸƭңҾŪ㡣
ŵ¹֣ͣһ£æ˵ǡǱĳ־ôɵġ˵ֻҪ͵׹ѴŪˣ͸ʮ򡭡
־˺İҺû˵
һͷһɣҲҡҡͷʾ֪
£һŽŵ¹߷ڵأȻ˵߰ɣȥ
ŵ¹Ӧţ֪ӲӣκεΣ㳯ſ˹ȥ
ʵⷹҸҲԵĲˣ±Ѻŵ¹¥ȥȻҿųŵ¹۷˱塣
·ϣɾ˵ڽѾ˱壬ŵ¹䣬ָʹŵ¹ǵˣסڱ壬־϶֪ȥѾǴݾߣˣи׼
ܿ죬Ǿ۷˱壬ŵ¹һͦԺ丽ǸԺһС¥ǵʮֱ£طӦҲǮˡ
ҷС¥ĸвͷȥЩ̫ס
ǣұ㽫СȽ˳ȥС¥̽̽·浽жˣһȥǶˡ
СӦһŵ¹գ۾ܿͻһɺɷԺƮ˹ȥ
ŵ¹ĳ棬һСȻܻѪɷƮߣʱ亹ˣʵλүǾǸɶİȻͨ
Ŀͱ죬ʵʵĴžˡû˵


1836 ǧл
ŵ¹ʱŵԴţҲһͨˣˣ˵һĽˣ֪ͷӣҲŵİ취Ҳҡ
ǳҺȻҲӼ
ԷֶȻӼ򵥣Ǹһ뵽˶ԲߣǺܺ棬˭Ҫɱҡ
£ұ㽫ȸ˳ȥȥ־ҰҲ̽һ£Ժﵽжˣ㡣
ȳȥ֮󣬴ԼӵĹ⾰۷˻˵СŸ磬ȥˣǼֻˣһŮ˺С
һ㶣ɶһۣ־ˡ
ǾûȥǼҵıҪأ
ɳƬ̣˵Сţȥʣ־˶ãȻ˳͵־һ·Ȼܹҵ
֪д㣬Ǳ㰴˵Լһߵ˳־ļſڣš
ٴƮǼҵԺ棬ȥҳ־·ȥˡ
Ƭ֮һŮЩ˹Щͷ˵˭ʲôţ
˵ţ㴫һٵĽŲ
ʵҲ̫Ͼŵӣܶ˼ﶼŵƵġ
Ժźܿ챻ˣ߳һֵüĿģɨһۣûкʵ˭˭
΢΢һЦ˵ɩǳ´ѣ֪ڼ𣿡
ڣٴοһۣƾҪš
һԺϣʵɩ´ȥ߶ˣ
ûֵ˵Ҽ˵ѣôû㣿
Ů˿ʮ־裬Ǹ־ҲʲôĹ£ұֵɩҸ´ûˣǰ˵ס˹ҴԶĴعģм¶ȥˣ
ûҼ˵绰ʡ
ҡҡͷʾûС
ɣˣҲ֪ȥСʱˡ˵ţɷ˵˴š
ǸŮ˸ոչϴŵһ̣ȾʹŮ˵ͷƮ˹ﻹһ·ƮҽһЦ㽻ҵС
һҵԺﴫһСк۵衭Ҹղſְֵ·ˡ
ȥһæͷܣȥɻϡ
һ棬ͿԺţһãȻҿһۣ۷˻ȥ
ҳһ·ɵУ˵զ죿
ɽӹ·˵߰ɣȥҸȦֽꡣ
һãȻطɶͻȻ𣬰չҾǸġ
ʱ㣬Ҳ֪ûлȦֽ̿š
һǰķԸųڸ洬תһȦҵһȦ꣬ÿţһ̵ֽ˳
ȻǱֽˣһû˵ĵطͣ˳ӡ
֮ͣͽֽ˴ӳϰϸֽ˵ʱ򣬲⻹Щ壬ƽʱžͯ}ûţ԰׵ջк㣬̵·ﻹûлͫס
ţұ㿴ֽ˴˳־·ȻóһŻֽֽ˵ĺϣëմɰǻֽд˳־֡
ɰָֽ˻һ˫ӡ
ȥӻϾ͸ˡ
ŵ¹СҲܺ棬֪Ǹʲôá
鷢ˣɴ˼Żֽ˫ָ֮䣬дʵ洫ţǧл֢ٹ鱾
һ䣬еǻֽͻȻһȼЩֽ֮ǰǸֽͻȻͶӵתȦ˹
ѽŵ¹󿴵Ļ棬ʱһһƨ˵ϣֹ
˵ŵ¹ˣҲһͦа
ǸʲôãҺ
ǧл갡˿ҽǳ־ĻǾеֽ˵ϣǴֽˣҵˣϽ߰ɣҲ̫ԶӦúܿҵ˵
˵ţұ㽫ֽ¸ŵ˺ϣȻ󿪳˰ָķ˹ȥ
·ϣұʵ⽫־ĻǸ˹ǳ־ıˣ
˿϶ȥˣҪǿų͵ùඡɺٺЦ
ҳһĴָ˵ţȡ
һ飬˵һֽˣٸһ飬ܲܽյĻǸй


1837 һ
ͷһۣǿһɵһĿң˵ǲӱ¿ˣǰֲĴڣҲʮζ֪ģĻ꣬ǲ𣿡
ҹһЦҲǸӣҲ̫ܣҲܹǧлҪܶýģ־·Ǽ˰յ·ֽϣҲܽյĻǸйҺпܷոˣϾӵʮΪ˼Ѿֻ˵ʮˡ
ô̬˴ڡ
õֶΣԸͨȻûʲô⣬΢һЩŵˣƾͲ̫ʹˡ
ʱŵ¹ͲҺѵѾŵĲɫһš
̣һ·ָ˷ҿ˴ԼСʱ֮һʮƫƧɽҵ˳־
ȷе˵ҵ˳־ĳӡ
Сӿһڣ˴һͬ˹
ĻϾ֮󣬳ʧأһµ˹
ͣ˳ӣܵһֳ־ſڷϣȫȫ˿϶ûɶ¶Ҳû
ұ㽫־ӳ˳ҵĳΪ˶Ŀҿų͵һ̵ĵطŽ־ֽ˴ӳŪŵ¹Ҳ˳
˼ھһָֽ˱㡰䡱һȼ
ֽոɾ֮һֱڵϵĳ־˻ԴӵȻЩãȻĳܿһۣĿڵŵ¹ϵʱ֮жʱһĨޱȾŵɫҲôһ¶
ʱҲϸǰˣ¿һ飬һӡûУǺܺ棬δıˣΪʲôҪŵ¹ɱҡ
ʱǳ־ȻӵϷȻ˵ֱӵͷܡ
ˣܵȥٰ˲ǰ棬סȥ·Ȼһץס˵Ĳӣ˶˳ȥݺݵˤ˵ϣˤСӸˡ
ұ㵽˵ߣýŽӷ˹һ֣ͼ˳ؿڣʵ˵ΪʲôҪǶ֣֮ǰʲôԹ𣿡
ǼһƢͦӲֻһ仰Ҳ˵
ûʲôģһָͷ˳ȥ־һɱĲҺ϶ʱѪעŵһԵŵ¹ɫɷס
˵˵˵ҽָֺһնȻɱιֵ
־۵亹Ѿסһֻ֣Ҫȥʱ򣬳־֪һˣ˵±ĵ硭˵
ͣеĶȻ
־˵磬Ǻüǰһ桭
˻һڣҶʱһ£ٴζֻۣǲʶôûӡˣļ
ǡǻںüǰ㵽ǶĳǮһֱûǵĶĳˣʱǶĳ￴ӵģһžͽ˹ȥǵҲġ־˵
˵Ҷʱ˹˰ôһ¶ȻҲǵ˭ȴ֪ʲôںˣԭ³ռҡ
ǰ³ֶ鷳ģʱ֪³ֶ䣬Ǳҵ³ռ˳ĳӣʱ³ռҵ³в֪³ֶ䡣
ʱǰЩǵĿһۡ
֪ڵʲô³ռҵ鷳ʱ³ռҵ۸ӣܲŪǼ϶ձ壬صϾֵĿӣ֮ǰѹң˲ܵˡ
˼Ҷɱˣܲͷڹɡ
Ŀų־ֵλ洬ôӺүĳӻˣڼ￴źӣһ۾ϳ˾үǱ㽫¶ү˵һ£үԸҰж֣Ȼŷ˺飬үһҼﻹźӡ
˵ţǳ־սս˵
һѣ˵СţҪȻ¶˰ɣռһʱ仹ǲҪǵĺá
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ܾôˣֻҪһأôߣ䱾뽫ʹ˲С
֪ƢûȰ
ұǳ־߰ɣȥǺүҲɱ㡣
־ϵļⶶ£ȻЩԸҲû˵ʲôȻ˳ӡ
ŵ¹ҾֱӸˣСȫʲô֪Ǹɵ棬˸ˡ
ҾԺٸıƺĹҶ


1838 ʵ
Ǽһ챻ŵĻɢˣο϶ǳ˽ѵڵϳǲϵĿͷ˵ԺҲˡ
㣬ǽŵ¹ǳ־ŽǱ߶ȥ
ǰʱ䣬˵һҪ³ռҸڱʹӣŹûã³ռұ㿪ʼˡ
үģˣУıˡ
˾ǷʰųˣΪ޷
겻ҵǺٻ³Ǹϼһ
£ұ㷢˳ӣŽķȥ³ǸһЩӡģϾ֮ǰȥһΡ
ҺѦСԼУֱ³ֶ棬Ҳ³ݺݵĸһܡ
ЩĿֻǵʱԸ³Ǹϼһʱֵ֣ȴһˣֻҺǸķӡ
˿̵ȴʮİܹɷ³
ʱҲǳé¿ͽȡ
ڵĵطŽݲԶСʱ֮󣬱㿪˵ط
ʱѾҹҲõҲˣΪռҵĶĳֲ
˵ط֮ǽͣŶĳһξĵطһ·Ǳ˹ȥߵϣͻȻǳ־㶯֮ǰûиү˵ǻӳˣѾ߸ˡ
־˵ͷ˵ǰүһк˵һǵ飬Ǻү֪Ҵ˿Ѿ
ɿһң˵ǺүѾ˷¶ôó־күǿ϶вͨġ
ҵ˵ͷȻǬ˱óƤߣɺܿҵ⣬һһžʹϣ־˵ȥҺү
ǳ־ͷһۣתۼĹҺͻһˣʱզ಻ѡ
˿ǣҲΣֻܹԹԵĴǳǸĳķȥ
ǸĳҲ֪ǲǻ˵طöǰ飬඼ѾˣطԶԶһӣطǶһׯ԰ſڻбվڡ
־߹ȥʱſڵǼĸ־кƺΪ磬־طҲЩͷ
˵飬Ǽûſڹʡ
һׯ԰棬ؿͦˣвֵͲĴѲߣǰߵʱ򣬱˼δ󺺣־кȻ˭
־˵ϼҵѣЩֶεģү
ǼѲߵĴ󺺿ۣҲûж˵ó־Ǽȥ
вʱ߹عؿÿһطмţȻҪǼһ־ǻ治ϾǸںүߵˣֻ΢Եļһ£뿪
Ȼ󣬳־һСţֱһ֮Уװݻûʣ˷ǸŹʣһȺһȺľۼһ𣬲ͣķߺ
ڴ֮Увٴű¶ŮӣŹ̡ƷԼص߶
ҵڣȻĽ˶û˸ҹ飬Լã³ռҵ֮
û취˭Ǽ϶صʱأصͨڣ֧һԴűϣ˭ָҶ³ռҡ
ٲȻ³ռҾһƬʵˡ
˲ҶҶҶһΣ͸ҶڶΡ
һ³ռҵ鷳
һһ·֮ϣЩͣĸ־к־Ҳô˵֪ʲô
һֱڳ־󣬴粽룬ֹˣʲôС
㣬Ǵ˻ֵȺһȻһˣ㽫־סˣһе̵ĺӱӣʲô·ô쵽طˣ
Ҹүܵˣ֮ǰүкģүڲڣ־ʵ
˵˵ͷȻĿһۣڣүæԵһ
㣬ſڵƬ̣ԱߵһﲻʱҽȻһѪļһﱻ˸˳Щһˣһֵ˵ôģٸʱ䣬ٲóǮͽι㡣
˱ϳ֮󣬳־˽Ǽӣǽȥ֮󣬷Ǽһž޴İ칫칫ĺһͷӣģˣһĺ⡣
£̧ͷ˺үүҲǡ


1839 ɱ֮
һүҳӵʱ򣬻Ǻү׽ˣеϴ³гϼһûн³гȴ³Ķ´ʲôʮʲôĳԸǣ¸׽ˣѦСιкҩСӳӶˣʱ³ſϳ棬³ֶ䡣
ʱҸүŵֻҪռҵ˽гұ㲻ɱȻҲŵҵŵԡ
ʱҲûɱʱգϼһﻹҪңͲ̫صˡ
Ǳ־˺үǰǺүĿֱӹ˳־ǵϡ
Һһ֮󣬲ͻȻ˵ӣλ˭
־һʼţǴ˿ںүǰȴֵĲôˣͷϵ亹
̫ˣ־ֲһѺֱֻеָͷڳϵʱ򣬱ֹסѪһ·ϣҲ߬ȭͷչ¶ǰ
Ĺ򣬺үɫľͱˣ㾪ӣָͷô
δ䣬ʱѾŸصĹˡ
һЦ˵ָеġ
˵ţұһѽϵƤ߳˺үǺүһҵģ֮󣬶ʱŵĻ˳
վںү˶ʱǹָҺɡ
ôı𶯣һҴ㣡վںүһӣ˻еǹݺݵ˵
Цһǹָҵˣͷݶı˸ˣ㿪һǹԣ
ӹ治ʶңүߵҲҲ˽һЩһ㶼Щ׼ﷸ϶մȾѪȣɱ˵ܹ
ǶͨˣʲôߣҲη壬ǵٶ̫ˡ
үԴӿҵĿ֮󣬾Ѿɵˣ֪ǸɶģҲ֪ҹԭ
һ֮Ǻүһߵ˵ǹ¡ǲǵĶ֡
Ȼȴһ㶣˺ү˵үˣ϶ûһʲôµģֱŪˡ
ʱǴĳ־ͻȻͨһ˵үҪǹģλ̫ˣָͷûס
Ǻүû־Ǽߵֵǹ£ҵĻǶ𣿡
ΣֻöݺݵĵһָۣǵǹʱҲŴɳźү˹ȥ
һӣ˺үĶ棬΢Ц˵үüûˣ㻹ӡ
үһЩη˵ү¸ʤǰСĸںүǰΡ
Сӻʶʱ֪ڷûʲôãԲŻԹԵϣǰұԽ׾ٵ£⼸ڽ֮ϻķˮ𣬸˲ٴ¶ү϶û˵ãһǸ
үˣͲֵһᣬҼСආ͸Ҷº֣Ҫҵǳ־һû뵽үҪҶ֡˵
ү亹˲үҡ
ž˵꣬һƾ˹ȥĺүıѪ쭷˳
үһǵϴ󱻴򣬶ʱеǹҪ
ʱҺͬʱ֣ԼٶץסǵӣɱȽһЩֻ˶ԷеǹһƽķɣûôץסӵͬʱһӲ˵ӸıһȣֱӸšˡ
һİȴֻеһ룬㱻һ˹ȥ
˲䣬׼ļһɥʧ˷֮үǶûҶ
Ǻүү¶ҵ⣬ǼҼ˼ֻ°¶ģү
־ǲˣǵ֮϶Ǹ³Ǹ϶˵ˣ˵Ҳк֮ģһһһһôĵ
Ǻүæƹӣҵǰͷĵүү֪ˣ¶治õ⣬һΰɡʹȥҼʲôԹԵ˽ᣬҪΪЩµĲǡ
˳Ӳү˱ϥҲͲΪˣ³ûʲôʱҹȥ鷳ò
С̫ôˣ°ӣ϶Ҫʰ
£ǱǺү·ִƤߣӺĳ
Ǽˣ־ڣȫǴ˹ȥȻȫ档


1840 
ںүĴ֮£˺֮Ǳҵһֱ³סĵطȥ
һϳûãү³һ绰˵һҪҪ㱨õ³Ӧ֮Źҵ˵绰
绰ʱǾһţûжʲô˼
³סĵطһׯ԰֮ڣĳһЩ룬·ϣôԸ³һ
͵͵ǱԷһ䲻⡣
һΣҾôˣǰ͵͵ǱΪʵã͵Ϯû취⼸꣬ҵΪͻͽͲǸ׸СɫȫԴҡڵߵռңݺݵĽѵһ³ЩͷڵΪ³һ𶼲ҵĶ֡
³Ҳð죬Ҵ˽ļҸҸϡã׿
һ·˵ţǺܿ㵽³Ǹׯ԰үͣׯ԰ſڣûʻȥ
ׯ԰ſվżүǼ˵˼䣬ǱŴţ˽ȥ
үʮʵׯ԰֮Уһֱǰ棬һ·С
ʱѾǺҹˣ³ׯ԰֮Ĵ·ƣյһƬͨ
Ƭׯ԰Сڵȣѷɫ̫ࡣ
ʵ˵ڵҪ³ռҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
³ռҲֻ³һƬȽѡ
ˣƬԺҲСˣ˺һ·ſǰһŷʽĽү˵³סǰǶ
Һ˵ͷ㳯ŷʽȥûȻ䣬ɾͶס˽Ųܿһۣٵó̡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻͣ½Ųôˣ
ɲ˵۾Ķ̣üͷ壬һʱ棬㳯̿һۣⲻҪһһе̷תҡڲ
ȻҶɵе̫˽⣬ϾǼéɽĴУҲ֪һЩϵָת˵ܵĴųȶǴ֮ס
ǿһ̣ɱ㵹һĸ˵ãϽߣ
үġ
ҰһһѾס˺үӣôң
үʱҲɫæֱַүⲻҸɵģʲôûҾа˸ӣҲ㰡
Ǻүı鲢٣ʱȴˣϽߣü
Ӧһ²ҵ飬⿴ɵı֪ط϶ʮֵա
£ұһֻץס˺үһֻץסɵĸ첲㳯Ŵſڵķٰ˲ķٵƶȥ
ֻǸոƶû£ͻȻܵĞųһ񱻷סˣҵʱ̶֮Уٰ˲ֶαҲòˡ
ʱҲоҵСţˣѾˣҲ֪ԷǲõʲôߵĻʱСᱨ
Ҷס˽Ųɿ˺үɣٴγܿȥʱ򣬵Χľɫһȫˣ·ƣɽˮ鿡ͨͨʧˣԶʣһˮ
ֹƬ̣ͻȻӵ֮һŵĺųӿ
ﾹȻ˷
Ҳ˵³ͻϵǻҵط鷳ǰͲú˷󣬵ǹ
пܣҺȥʱѾʼˡ
Է͡
ϸһ룬ԽԽòԾǰ³Ӧ֪ڵֶΣ֪ʲôͣбˮ飬ҲӦʮ˽⡣
ָʹЩˣǸҵĴڴϷѪ飬ȫڴڻʲôˣ³Ϊ˽ⲻǾҲưոݣһŸֺۼһֱҵ
³ռң̫ˡ
һ֮󣬺ѾˣѾȦ֮С
С³ռҡ
Ҳʮֺ棬³ռôôĵӸңһصҶ£һСС³ռʲô
վƬ̣ӵƮɢĺԽԽŨˡ
ĪЩ̻Ȼɵ㿴ʲôʲô󷨣
üͷͣɨţҡҡͷ˵һʱҲƲ̣Ӧú
ʱǺүҲˣֵܻ̿غΪռҲ˼ʮ꣬ɲһɱ˰
˵ţǺү㳯ǰ˼СҪӣҪץȴץסңʾⲻȥܡ


1841 ˴
סң֮к߶СĶ
ڷֶйһ˽⣬֮ǰҺȥö¯֮Ӥʱ򣬾һصĲ÷󣬽Һóһʱ䡣
éɽɽŴɽɽŷͽ֮е֮󣬶յڣС㶪
ڷֶͨҲ֪ͱʱڵһЩʯͷס˵зʮͷԣֻ޹
ڲ˽ⷨ˵һ뷨֮УֻҪҲֻֿ֮ܣһǱɱһֱڷ֮л
ʵҺǱڷ֮УҲڶǬ˱ĴǺü¹ˡ
ǱҲǰ취ǿ϶Ҫ취ȥġ
³ռңүģģһֲ֣ҷǡ
Ҵˡ
ǺүԽԽԶסҵͬʱǺүүܣСĶ
ȻǺүܵ˴̼֮ⷨһߴһ߱㳯ǰȥ˼ǻϣļܹһڡ
˺үһ֮۾㳯ɨָҶֱ̣㿪ʼ㣬лдʣҲ֪߶ɶ
ҳźүȥʱ򣬵ѾжʮԶˡ
Ȼ䣬үһͣ٣ֲͷˣǺү֪Ǵ˷ʲôǰǰţ˱һ⣬ܱŽЩʬ黹ǵߡ
ѪŽǵϡ
̫ⷨôֲˣүȻͱɱˣҽһûüһ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУ˾ˡ
ȥүҶʱһ亹治һףҵĴˣ˾֮ͨˣʲôȻ
һΣ³ռҪء
û취ҵ̫ˣ˵Ͼֵձָʹ³ռôġ
ҸɽѾǰӣҸձ֮ĸ˳Թ޷ƽ⡣
ɳźүĵطһۣû̫ıʾо飬ȫԤ֮УѹˣҲûа취
˵ռҵ˽ǼҵūŶɱҲǹݵġ
˺һüͷ˵СŰаҲûƳʲôֻƽһ£һҵһһǧߴˣ㣬ҲһᴥøǺүһ³
˵֣أбЩ̻ȻˣҲֻһһ
̣СĳǰȥͬʱﻹһŻֽĲˣǲ˵ĺ滹һ˵֣ңǰ֮󣬵кһ鱦𣬰οΣΪڤΪָ·תǬ뷣
ϣ㽫еֽ˳ǰһ˦ֽ˱ǰ׵ĵطûе£һվţǰ滺ȥ
ߵķڶϣһ϶Ϸ
ǲ˴ˣ̽·һĴ˷ۣǷ϶ǲʹɱ֡
ȻҲֻǷ󣬲Կƣһ۲óɱһǷۣɱʬ޴档
ǲƶĺǲߣҸߣһǰŲ
ˣǰʮӣҲûзʲôΣ֮ҳܿȥʱ򣬷˷ǷݵĺѾӵСȴ
ǲ߹ĵطȴƿ˺ָһ
Щǣﲻϰ³ռңӰ޳ܣ͸ǹĸһܣȴĵֶζԸҡ
ˣǲǰ߰˲ӣȻ䣬ǲ˱סˣ˵Դתһ£ʦЩãͣ˰֮˽Ųǰߡ
ʱ򣬹ͷˣŵĲǰŵĻֽȼȻ󡰺䡱һ¾ˣ˲仯һŻҽ
⣬ǰ治ˣһ·ɫһ˵
Ȼǲ˸ոԼȼ֮ҵĶͻȻһЩࡱķһ죬ʲôҰš
۾ȥʱȴ˷Ȼͳ˫ɫ۾˸ź⣬͸˺߿˹
һô˫ɫ۾Ҳһ
ҿʲôҾ


1842 ڤɱ
һôĵ۾ʱҲЩʧҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ɶղſߴһ˷ۣĻ¡
˻ȥвЩҵ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ˣһʱ·ͱסˣܹƿⷨ󣬳ɱȥ
ĻƵĲУҲûа취飬ұ㽫˳ĳܿţҪЩ۾ĹǸʲô
Щ˷ҺΧһԲȦ֮С
ԽԽͻȻоһǰδеĺ⣬ȥϢ˰ȥϢҲĲУоβҪˡ
һʼЩǻһξ룬ܺڣҲģԶ˿Ҳûжôˣǵȼ￿ǵʱҲſķȥǹﶼСţһСۼףԴϬţԴһҲнǣֻԹ϶Ͼͳһֻ۾»ɫëϳ
Ǻ﷢һ죬ٵĳǿҶǿһۣ룬³ռǴЩҲˡ
ʱɻһʲôЩֵ˵⡭ЩǴӱٻģиͷѩ˪ˣһ£̾ͻɱӡ
ѩ˪ǴӱģǲǸʦЩϵҺʵ
ȻֹﱾͲ˼еģǾڤ֮صĹ֮ڵڣڤ֮صޣЩҲǴǼҴ˽⵽һЩһʼҾû񻰴˵һ㣬ԴӼĶʦ֮ұֶ֪ɼ˵
ҶʱЩȦˣôʲôǱеôܵطء
£һԸҲͶʦֻа취
ǣûƬ̵ԥֱӽǬ˱к˯Ķʦָ˳ŵһףʦ˲󣬻ð𣬵ʦֶȻ俴Щѩ˪޵ʱͻȻ㷢һŭƺЩѩ˪˵⡣
ˮݣһԣһˮԣԩ·խ
ЩԭѾҪƽǵĶѩ˪Ȼ俴˶ʦ֣ҲһȻû뵽ﻹܿǵͬ࣬Ǵڤ֮Ĺ
Щѩ˪ڶʦֵ֮£ûóȻǣʦҲڽʲôֻϧ
ʱұɵЩڤ֮صĹôģ
һ˵СţǹҪˣûв´ĻӦýڤɱ֮ʱ˹ͨڤ֮صͨڤ֮صĹԴԴϵӿطɲǣڤɱѡȡڤ֮ؾŴΪյڣղŽɱүǸطҲڤ֮һxڣһǸط˺˲ܽ˽ʳһ⣬Ҳҷڤɱһɱ󣬱ڷеʮϣﲻҲԶ֪Σҵ㣬㣬Ҳһڤ֮ЩطǹŹص˷֣Ƿֹ˿ģ鷳ˡ
һ򵭶ɣֵޱȿֻţҶʱû˵
ɱǾɱ
˵³ռΪʲôҶԸңԭаٷ֮ٵİ޷뿪طģȻõҷı
һ뵽жʱһͷڶ
Һɶھδʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬˷ͻȻһĴЦ֮ص
Һɳܿȥʱ򣬸ҲӰ
ʱЦһ٣һ˵˵ԥĴˣʶ㣬ȻôϳǾڤɱ
ʮֵĿ飬ܻصϢЩ죬Ҹо³Ǹ϶ء
ô˭ȻңСүȥǽƤɡŭ˵
˹һЦ˵Դ³ֶһ𣬺ö궼ûмˣǹ˶°Ϸ벻ˡ
һ˵ͷһȻ˭ЩԾ˵ܵХ죡³ֶûб𣿡
㻹ǵϷ򣬲ҾХ죬˽³ֶ渲Ϸһι㣬һֱ궼¶棬Ϊһ죬û뵽ɣХٴεĴЦ


1843 ɫӰ
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣһкѦС߸³ֶʱֱӽ³ֶסĵµݻˣǳʱúˮ˽³ֶȫûʱΪбˮԵʣܹӳûбˮ˿϶ҲҪ档
Ϊʱˮʮͣǵµֺܴ󣬹ǺˮǸµ죬ƾҪһСʱںˮʱ䣬ǲܳȥģΪѹǿ̫󣬼ںˮбһСʱҵγȥҲҪóһʱ䣬ͱˡ
߸ͨ˲һרˮеı£ܹһʱ䣬ҵļҲǰСʱңХô³ֶӳġ
ѵ³ֶ滹ʲôӦڣ
ЩѾҪˣҪХӳˣھҪŪҡ
Х죬˵̫ˣһصͰ׻ϵ˶ûŪң䳤ҲҸɱˣƾ㣬ˡҷ༥
ȻХȴǵ⣬ٺЦСӾѼӲΪ˵ȴ죬Ϸ׼˺ü꣬ڤɱרΪ׼ģʵҲ޷һɱ󣬸ûţǳ˳ҲӲȥԣСѾһصͷ󻼣һҪɱ㡣
˵ͷˣȻⷨʮ׺Ҳиɻϸһ϶ҵƽ֮Ҳ
ХȻһתɵԥɣϷ֪ҶڷޱȾͨɱǾɱϷã׼˼Ÿķ˵ƾƵģƣ㻹ʱ𣿡
һ£Хٴε˵ɰ̫ϧˣʵϷ򲢲ɱ㣬ԩ޳ҲûҪɱɣ־͹һֻһ·ˡ㻹лĻᣬɱϷһ·Σ
С̫ˣʱ˻䣬ҸʲôϵǿǹĽ飬빲˵⻰һôûС
棬̫ˣϷ֮󣬶ϲøˮɷ֣ռҶӾ
ûˡХ˵
Хû˶
һͣЩѩ˪Ī궯ﲻϵɫĺ˪ҲֵĶͬʱһƺ𣬱㳯ߵͷݺݵײ˹
ʦͬʱҲһӭ泯żͷѩ˪Ȼײ˹ȥ
ײȥͬʱǶʦֻ³һԪ
ϾĶѩ˪̫һЩǴڤ֮ĹҲ֪ж٣һĹҸоֶ˲٣ΧĿˣҲסֱ¡
ڶʦֵֶʱұ˽꣬ʩչ콣ǻʽһۻ֮һɫĻֱβҺɻУЩѩ˪ײɫĻ֮ϣʱ˰̣һˮˮе졣
Щѩ˪Ƿһײ˼£ɫĻüͷѩ˪ȼˣɫĻʴҲԽԽ
۶ʦ֣Ƕѩ˪İΧ֮Уֱײڣײ˺üͷѩ˪ЩͻԪ֮ȼˡ
Ƕʦֺͣ˿ηЩҲǱˮнԴԴϴӱĶѩ˪ȫֵס
ҼɫĻҲֲ̫ʱ䡣
ǵΣʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ұéɽƽҵŽɫķʵҲûˣֻʣһţʱʱһš
ⱦĽɫҲûмţ˾ûˣ治á
һŷҺ϶û⡣
ˣСҪɱǿ϶Ʋ˵ģֻһŽɫˡ
£ǽɫĻͶʦֵֻܵһʱұٵĽǽɫǬ˱һţæк˶ʦֹͬʱҲץסɵĸ첲ҪŽɫķֱԶ֮⣬Ȼɱǹ
Ȼʱ֮УһɫӰӰ֮пٵĳ߷˹űһϤ˵úӣϹߣʲôϹ̴ȥ
̧ͷϸһʱһͷϷɹһֻŵɫü֮ЩĶѩ˪㱻˱ӣһǰĶ


1844 
ѩ˪ǱеޣԭǼȱ֮ȻͻȻֵɫŵĻüڻӶ֮䣬ȻǶѩ˪סˣһ˲Щ߱Ķѩ˪һǰ񱼵ĶסˣȻ׷׵أѳһصıӡ
Ȼ俴ֻɫüʱЩ£ǰֻɫĻüȷҵϹ̣һѾҸүȷϹˣǵΪֹҲûӵϹ̡
üһһϵֻҲϹֻ̣ɫüҲǡ
ҵϹǾûһࡣ
ôһĹɶʱһѿڶֻˡ
˵Ĺֻɫüƿһ·ֱӷɵٵΧǷһȦΧЩʮͷѩ˪ȫ˱
ҵļϣ˶ϵɫëһӣҲٵСоҲͰƴŸ˵ԺӣһϹ̣Ϲʹȥ
תͷٺһЦɫü˵Ϲ̣ˡ
԰Ϲǲ㣬Ҫˣ
˵ţɫüͻȻһתʲôֵѽԣС֪˭ˣ
Ȼ֪ϹЦ˵
ɫüһۣȻٴų˵ڤɱȷʵͬ죬ΪܹɱСӣԷ϶˲˼ҲиɻǸңֻ˵ͷǰ壬ǧ򲻿ɻͷʲôκ飬ҪͷҪȻϹҲûޣǿˣ
ɫü˵֣أҺɶͣĵͷ
ڻ治ɵʱʵҲкܶ໰ҪϹ̡
֮ɫüٲԣȻ䣬϶ʱųһɫĹâȻɫâ֮ųʵɫһŹֶѪڵ֮ɫüٴѱ䣬оǻһֻҴûм࣬Ӵʹ⻪֡
ҲʶƺǿЩŵ
ɶ˼Ϲ̱㳯ǰ˹ȥȶʱƿܵĺмһ·
ߣǴнĴ֣ұ㽫ʦһǬ˱УһԽЩ˱ӵĶѩ˪׷Ϲ̶ȥ
Ϲ̸ղŸ˵ֻ׷ӰߣܻͷҲܷκ졣
ȻҲеĵǰϹ̵ĻȥС
Ϲ̸·ֻ˵ͷǰܡ
һܲҪûҾ;Щ̫Ծоһڵ죬ɽһ㣬ͣ׷ǣҵĺ󱳺ҲжͣĴңȻأǸоֲܿͷ󵽵ʲôֲҡ
ˣԽǰߣĶԽ󣬸ֲǣܵĵ涼ڲͣĻζͷǣ춼Ҫ
ޱߵĿ־峯ҿ£û⶯̫ˣлֲ̿ѡ
ߵɱֵıҵһЩûܵκӰ죬ܵĻԿһЩ
澿ɶأ
ͷкüΣҶ뷨ջûһͷһͷʲôÿĶ˹ȥ
ֻ⶯;޶˿ֲ
ڣһ·Ҳ̫оϹ̱˴ԼӵĹ⾰ǰĺ㲻ˣȻֻǷ˵Ϲֻ̱һֻСɵɫü񣬻Ӷųкǹȥ
ҺҲ֪ںδӦǳǾڤɱ
Ϲ̼ǰһ·һǻ԰һĵطҺֱӾŵˣ׷һƨ˵ϣϵ亹ǲ
ȥֻɫüʱ򣬵һ֦ϣ۾аϣоʮƣӡ
ҺأԴϢһæӵֻɫüޱ𾴵˵Ϲ̡Ǹܰ׺ķܴӳɼ֮ⷨʮ־ͨģ¶ڷʮֳԣǰܹÿմͽһʤм
˵ʮϣɫüʱȫ۾ɵԥкܶͣڷĲòֻ㻹ûĥ͸ˣͣҲǲˣٹʮģⷽ貢һ


1845 û
Ϲ̺ί˾ܾɵ󣬻Ϲûʱɣ˵һҲͦ˵ģֱӽҸһ
ʱԴЩ£ֻɫü񣬱Ϲ̣ô֪ģǶҪȻҪ̫ⷨˡ
ҪȻҵʲô鷳ģԹȥгıԩıԩˣСӻ̫һЩ뵱꣬үôʱ𽭺ˣǵǹƥɨһƬ㻹Ҫɫüһɸֵӡ
ʱͻȻʶһ飬ʵϹ̣үʲôϵ
ɫü̵ĹùãүҲýùã㺰һϹҲ㡣
ȥޱȣȻ¶ҴҸүǶ˽⵽һЩֻɫü׿˵ǾЩ˼顣
±ʵϹ̣ΪʲôһֻأѵҲֻϹһҲ˵еĴҲˣ
˵˵Ϲˣ̸ǻˣôһʱҲ˵ϽæԼȥɣϹ̵ɣһˣСӣԺ󻹻ġ
˵ţϹ̲ɷ˵ֱųգϾҪ뿪
Ȼһкܶ໰ûʣȴٸһˡ
ʱͻȻϹ̷ȥķ򺰵Ϲ̣ǴԷ϶˷ڻܹȥ𣿡
Ƿģǲ˷ϹҲһֱӽǼεˣڲ֪ѾˣϽȥɡǻûзݺݵһ١
˵䣬Ϲ̱ٵķԶܿͲӰ
ҿϹ̵Ӱһþ޷ƽ
Ϲһֻƫ˵Լˣһ̵׹ùãҾ벻ˡ
Ҳ֪һ飬ȻϹ̻ţ̺үүǲҲأ
ʲôطôϵ
ööʣȫͷһжûüʣûϹ̾ˡ
˷ȥع
Ϲ̵ķȥķһԵ̾СţϹǵ֮ĸ˰ܹڷ˽֮ˣӦû˰ɡ
ҿһɣЦ˵Ϲ̣ʲôʱϹˣ
ǲֵܣʵ
ǻ˵ҵ
ֵܣ㸸ĸҸĸҸĸ㸸ĸͬϹҲϹ̣˼пˣɵðҺú˵ָһЩڷĶϹ̣϶ܹǳɺٺЦ
ء
ҲЦ˵˵˵ֻҲ֪Ϲʲôʱܼʱ˵ɣǲҪɱǹȽХϱӸɱ˵
ţ¶ȳȥ˵ڵʲôءص
£ĹһۣҲ֪ģоӦһ԰֮У£кһԺǽֱӷȥȻọ́ſۣŸ˵ߵĲԶϷ߶·͵ˡ
ӦһȻһ𣬳Ϸȥǽһ·С
вʱзӵĽŲ˳ǱʹһɫĵķԺǽȥ
ⲻ֪һһ
ΪʲôڤɱХһ˲أû뵽ôˡ
Һ֮ǰƵǸΧ˿˷кܶഩźɫµڣ棬һ֪һصˣЩ˿ȥʮ֣ÿ˵涼߸߾һε죬֮ϻŸָŹֵͼеĻŷģôһƬأΧ£Ҳ֪жһصˣ죬»̤ŹŹֵн߶š
Щ˻ΧŴתȦܡ
ЩΧ£ĵطɺĹ򣬶ѾӵЩ˵ͷ֮ϣݣһֱƮȥ
û뵽ҪþŸڤɱô鷳ХҪʰıѾˡ
ҪȥɱʱͻȻһץסңҶС˵㿴
˳ָķȥڷ֮⼸ʮ׿ĵطһ֮ͤͤбˣͤҵľ롣
ʱֵ㿴ͤûУŵ˱ǲٿڤɱģХӦþУɱ˵


1846 һټ
ҪиͤҶ۾ֻǾڤɱˣ۾ͤķȥǱߺˣϣԶҲ޷ֱХ쵽ڲ֮ͤС
ǣЩæŲ󣬶ȴܹȻ֮Ĵ֮ͤУɼӦǸҪɫХҲпܾǼ˵С
£ΪȷХ쵽ڲ˰ٲϵֶΣ˶䣬ϸŴ֮ͤдĶ
Ƭ֮󣬱ܹһ΢̸Ǳߴ˹ȻЩģ壬Ҳܹһ
һ˵˵λһ˵˵ǲõڤɱ󵽵ܲɱôôöûдһأ
¶Ҳ̫ģڤɱϴڸүֶΣ϶ˣ˵ڤɱϴܶǱѧֶΣһɱ󣬾ֻӬɽȥҲܽɱôӳһ˵
Ȼ˵С̫ѲˣǰЩʱգ˵λͬʱǵĺˮʥսûнɽˣȫΪСӴ˴£䳤ҲУ˼ǣȻϵ˳ǵļƻһ񣬾϶ʰƾǼûװһ˵
ϷǾλСӿ̫ˣʵûλеǰ֮ǰϷ͸֣ǰֶΣʱһϷУҪߵЩѰţϷͽնɱˡ
˵ӦþХ죬ղһ˵һ¾ֱܷһ£ֵ˵С͸ҩһΪͻͽҲɱȸλϣǶһ飬ǾСóģΧɽ˵ʱ䳤˹ȥҲ֪ʲôֶν䳤ϸݺˣֶʵǱӣһΣûôõˣڤɱϷ׼˺Щ꣬רŽ˴ķˮָˣٺãˣʲôĻɱ϶ҲƲġ
Х˵༸˶ͷֹ
ʱһ˵һˣʵǰʱ䣬ΧɽʱֻһУûʲô֮Խնɱϵɽ֮ĵͻȻð˳£ϴųɽҪȻˡ
˵ǰǿΪܹסһҲʮˣڳλ˭ܹסϵأƶûһ֮аɣ˵
˻һڣ˽ԳĬ
һû˵
󣬱˸ɿһүɱھڤɱһСʱ˰ɣôһûУ
Х̾Ϣһ˵˵ʱӦñɱˣֻϧ߻һˣ˿ɲ򵥣ԥҵĴˣɣͨݣڷҲʮֶļ⣬ڵ񽭺֮ϣɶڷ˽ҲǸеĸˣܹһʱҲһٵȵȣⷨɿ϶Ʋ˵ģƺܿǾͻᱻɱ
ХһгģֻǾú񣬴үģҶ˺һˣǻȺ򣬾ǵȵҲȲȻ
Ϲ̹ҺɲǴǾڤɱ󣬸ǸǴһۣһûС
ĵЩҾͷˡ
ǵ̸УҲһЩè
ХһӦǼֶĶƶЩӦ³ؼֶ¶³ؼֶĶǸ֮˵һص̯ӣѡµĶء
ºˣýǸһˣ³صһصΣ;á
ɼϸԼһعȥɵʱæʵʲô
˵ˣХǸ֮ͤУ⻹³صļλĵĽΧˣһһټ𡣡ҵ
ɵ˵ͷһתͻȻǺãȥ̽һµΣҲȥø󣬽طΧˣȡһҲǸˡ
ӦһԺǽһ˹ȥʼ÷
ٵĽСȸٻ˳ҲԺǽСһ֮ұ˵СȣеĹ»ҰȫųҰׯ԰Χˣ


1847 ôǿ
ҵķԸæ˵ͷ˵СŸ磬İɣҿ϶ὫȫΧϵģһ˲ܵ
˵գСȱ㻯һɺɷԶƮ˳ȥ
СȺһߣұٴηԺǽǸͤķ˹ȥĵĵȺʱ
ɹȥ÷󣬿϶Ҫһʱ䣬ׯ԰ô󣬾ǿٵһȦҲҪСʱǱҲҪ˷Ĺټ
һ׼ĲˣұǷһֲ
ſԺǽңϢָĵȺţҲܵҵĴڣʵҲϢָҲһܲҵĴڣΪڤɱĞų̫ǿˣܹڳϵϢε
ʮ֮󣬵Ĵ֮ͤٴδ˵죬һЩͷ˵ү㶨ûУٹСʱ춼Ҫˡ
ХЩɻ˵ˣ˵͸ñɱˣһʱڣѾоǵĴˣѵʲôӣ˵Ϣεˣ
ǲѾӳ˰ɣһ˾ֵ˵
ܣǾɱ󣬲ܹӳģ˳򶼷ɲХն˵˱һĬһЩסˡ
ֵ˲ʮӵĹ⾰Сȱ۷˻ƮߣС˵СŸ磬׼Ĳˣ͵һ仰ԲʮĹ»ҰȫҪ
ȵԴ͵ɵĲһǾͶ֣Щ˶ǻˣɱ飬ǧǿ
ȵ˵ͷû˵
ֵһûпɻұˣҹζ࣬Ǹʲôߡ
£кȣһǱƬׯ԰֮УȻͤĻ԰֮пٵٰ˲ֶγǱ߿
֮䣬ұ㵽ͤĸҲ˱ҵХ죬ֻǴӱӰұһϳ
Ҷ˵ֱӽ˳һХ˳ȥ
ֻХҲǹģȻܵΣһΣ㳯һ㿪ȥеĽֱʯ֮ϣķѣһ
˳ǼžڤɱֿȥļŷӦ˹׷׻ͷһֵĿҡ
һ£ҺܿٴαУһһն˹ȥ
ǿϧˣǼһ֮ոתͷҵĽ͵ȥһննĸ첲֫мֱնΪء
ҲǸ֣ҪȻҲһֻϧûü֣Сˡ
˱նΪأ׳նһʱ˵ģпҪʮӲŻ
˷˲ҽ룬ԼܹԼȺ͸첲ɢڵϣ־Ѱᡣ
û취Ҫġ
ҪŪҵʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽ҲᱻҸŪ
ҳ˴˴Хļλʱһ׷֮ͤ⣬Լķȫ˳ҸΧ֮ͤУǸն֫ļһڿ־ĲҺֹ
⡭㲻Ǳ˾ڤɱ㡭ôģХһֵĿң۵Ĳ˼顣
Ҿ͸˵ˣⷨסңҳ֮ҪƤʬΣ˵
Ǽ˵Ҿ֮һŵĻЩѾת׼Ҫˡ
һﲻҪţϽά־ڤɱֵǽйȻѾӳ˷󣬼άȥѾûʲôˣһһϣ϶ɱСӣХ˷
Ǽ˴˿һۣ񾪻̲ȻǲҸҶ֡
Ƭ̵ĹǱά־ڤɱ˸о˴˴ԣ׷ֹͣٵı˹
ڤɱһֹͣԭǱ߷ݵĺٵıһε˵֮ϣҴʱҲ˶ԷάǾڤɱٱ֮ڣֲХ˵ǻ˲ٹ
ô˳ɱֻ߽һ˵ʱЩ˶ʱ㵨׳˼֣Х죬һ˴ֱӳĿ˹ļλҲһҧɱ˹
Цһһһ±㽫ХĽȥ֮أХһӷ˵ϣ˼˼˵ôᡭôôǿˡ
ҲȥХ죬ļɱʱҲһɨ˳ȥʱݺᣬһ쳹ʡ


1848 ս
ɨǧһһɫĽɨ˳ȥЩҪɱļλʱ׷ܣҴâұһٰ˲ٴһߣһնɱ˹ȥ˾ֵһֱ˳ȥ
ǰһصһ˵ЩѣǴʱ˿̵ңЩ˵Щ̫ˡ
Ҹо֮Ĳ࣬Ӧϸڵһ㣬Ͳһġ
ڷ֮ǿɣ֮󣬱ɥ֮ʱ
ʱҵг𱨳ԹԹ˭Ҳųȥ
Ҹ⼸ƴʱЩά־ڤɱһصҲ߷ӵ
ûЩά־ڤɱǷʱ߽⣬ҳǸط˹ȥһƬյأоҲͷԲһ׵һռ䣬ⲻ̫Ŀռ䣬ܹҺģͦġ
͵Щһصάַ˳ҳɱʱ򣬶ȻһɺɷǵǰǰһȺϯ˹ȥЩ˱㱻ϵɷʴ͵ʮֹɺɫɷߡ
Ȼ⻹꣬Сأ˼Щ˵ܶʱٵƮһźɫ磬ЩɫԼٶȻ˹ģƺƵ֮ڣɱΧ֮У֮⣬Ժӵ˷ĶƮ˽ҲЩɱ˹ȥǳǽһҡ
ȺսҴ£һû¹Ⱥսʱ򣬼ûСȣһԽЩʬ廯ʬǳӵĲҡ
һж̫ˣɱҽһ˲
³ǼХһ㳡֪Ǵȥ±㲻ҸսˣֱתͳԶȥ
Ȼûãǰ棬ɫ磬ֻʮסǵȥ·
Щûа취ھֻ֮࣬þ˷һɱ
ӣûôˣһ̣ûһ㣬ЩЩʱͻȻǵһ࣬Ȼһʹ˹ȥ
Щȫɵˣ㳡棬ЩͻȻǰʱһ˷磬ʱ֮ڱ㽫һصĶնɱڽ¡
⼸֮УХ컹ǵһЩĴһֳ˷ֶ÷꣬ǰЩϯȥЩ÷ܹ߽Щʱһڣǰ񱼶ȥ
ҶԸʱХѾԺǽͷҿһۣݺݵ˵˵̫ˣϷ绹Ū㣡
ݻ֮Х㷭Ժǽȥ
ȻХһԾȻǰͻȻâһһסХȥ·ֱӽХ˻ڵء
һ龰ͻȻЩ̲סЦˣ϶沼˷󣬶ҷѾãŪĹ˭Ҳӳȥ
Х챻ɵķ󷴵ȥ֮󣬺ִܿӵͷϿһۣŵô¶
˵ţХٴȥȥǱ˻
£Х֪طǱ˸ֽţǱˣֱתׯ԰ȥ
Ѿնɱڽ£׷Хȥ
һѳں׷Х쵨Ӷ챻˵һһ߽󿴡
ΪܵĳһͨʲôȻûУֻǴԺﶵȦӡ
ҶѾʧȥģ´߶ٰ˲һ͵Хǰ棬һл㾦һɫĹӭͷ˹ȥХ첻ӲӣֻóһԶ㿪һɫĹ
֪ԼӲȥˣХ㷢˺ݣͻȻеĳ˵ϣ˫ֿٵ˼к÷
Ȼ󣬴֮бƮɳۺɫ÷꣬һƬƬ÷Яƿ죬Ƭһ͵ĳֶ
һ÷³ռҵľѧҲҴ⣬£˼ջ˼ϣҵǰ
Щ÷ݺݵײ죬Щ÷Ļﲻ
ȻҸоЩŮõֶΣһͷŪô໨꣬ʱ˾ʮӦ
ҲХ˷ʱ䣬ֻҪ
£ٴξеĽ꣬˼콣ƾʽһ£ֱƿ÷Хȥ


1849 һһ
ƾѾ콣зǳߵȼĽˣұ̩˺ˮʥ̵³Ȼչһ³ԴնұʰХ졣
һƾʩչһ֮Ȼ˵ɷ֮֮϶ʱѿһڣоһХײ˹ȥ
һȥ֮Щҵ÷׷ɢضǣ÷ʽ϶Ǳˡ
Щصʱ򣬽һҺߣҳǸԴȥʱ򣬱㿴ХѾ˵ϣ˽꣬㳯Х׷˹ȥХҳ׷˹ȥæĴӵ³һѪײײĳǰȥͷҵʱ˶һ
Сӿ϶ǱˣܶѾɲ޵Хܹأ
ҵʱӦû뵽һ졣
£żٰ˲һХǰ棬ὣȥ·
ХŲһ٣һһ˻𣬱㲻һеĳҿɱ˹
˵ģö˶˵ģ϶ҲҵĶ֡
ҿĽѾûʲô·ѭȫǲһĴ򷨣ҲҡҡλΣûУ㱻һŸ߷˳ȥߣһŲĺϣȻеĽĵĲϡ
Х죬ǰûɱ㣬ãʵʵĴŵˣ㻹Ҫҵ鷳ԼǾ͹ֲˡ
ХعͷһԹĿңݺݵ˵ҪɱɱôķϻɱҲûкӹҴ϶ұġ
Сүһص£һСС³ռңҪԸңܷǣҲӣģһһȫʬ
Х֪Ҳԣֱӱ۾¾
еĽ뿪׼ĺģҪһȥҴӦȫʬǿ϶Ҫ£߽ΪȣҲҼΪ಻ĺӡ
Ȼһ̹ȥȻ䣬Զһȣס֣
һ£̧ͷȥʱһͻȻ߹һȺˣΪ׵ܵϴ³Ǵʱ³Ѻһˣ˲Ǳˣ沼ɡ
ɵĲϴ˿һѽ³Ѻſ첽˹
ҼҪȻϷɱѣһһ³˵
³ʮˣǴһ£ϴžףȥʮ
ЩҼʶ³ռһĴ֣רŸɺڻģֶζкôʮӢ
ɾȻ³Уʮ⣬˺ܿףܵĹȻУԱı»еģǴ򲻹ߵٶȴ
ɾȻˣ³С
ɱ³ܣһ֪¶ðˡ
ܿ죬³Ѻɾߵ߰ҵľ룬ݺݵ˵ϿܣҪȻҿ涯ˡ
ȴСţùңøɶɶûеɱңҪɱңš
˵治ôɣֻһû˾ûˡ
Ҿֵǰ¡
£һֻŲХ죬˽ָ꣬³˵³Ѿһԣ֪˵ƢݲɳӣҪҶѣš
³ȴȻ壬˵ϷһͣôˣҷϻҾ㻻Ļһ֣ڿʼһ𶯵ӣҲң
ҿ³ʱ򣬷ϼһӶˣ˵Ц
Х첻һɶȴҪɸ
£һֵ
³һ£˵㻹ʲô˵ġ
³֪ʲôХһصˣص鼩õҪֻҪһص˳ϵܵǣȷҪХ죿ҵ
Ϸô࣬Ҿֵ֪ܣҲŲǸʲôģ˭ҪҶֵܣҾ͸˭ҲС³ŭ
ʱҲסХͻȻعͷЦſҵ㲻ͦ͵ɱңһ汳ģʵҲ㲻ˣ
ХҵͲһ½㳯˹ȥֱĳһѪ۳


1850 
ռֵ̫ˣһһÿһҳ˵⣬ʹ˷Х죬Ժֵ˸ǿûˣôߣһҲŹХ졣
ǶԷЮвңѵľء
Х죬ѾҲ˽£ҼΪ治ɱˬ죬һ˹ȥһѪӣХʱʵһЩһƺߡ
ֲ¼䣬³ʧȥģٴθ˵ĥˣϽˡ
˵ţ³㽫ذɵĲϣѪ˳
һֻõ˵ͷ˵ãҸ㽻
˵ţұֽХ콫ϸקõĲϡ
㣬棬˴˵۾ŶԷ
ʱ³ֵһַˣǸߵߣñˣʲôС
һˣءҵ
Ǻãǿʼ
˵ţ³ɿץסɵ֣ذ׷ҲɿХ졣
һˣ³ͬʱһеʣȻɺ³ԳŶԷӪȥ
ֻûȻ䣬һɺɷӵð³ƶȥ
ǵɺɷСȣͻȻ֣³˹ȥ
³ҲǸĽɫܿͷӦ˹飬ģ
ʵҲ֪ôͻȻֵģҹҪ³ȼȻˣҿ϶Ҫסᡣ
˵ģ³ռղƺˡ
ҪȻ³ΪʲôʱХ졣
ұɱˣ³ʱ֣ǽԴϲҴӷ˳³֣Ϊ˾Х졣
ǲʮգҸһȣС׼ס
˵գ³ǰһ˦һɫķȣȻһɵĺȥȻóѣ˲߶˲ľ֮õϵĻĲǣһ½³Ľ׸סˣһ̣һһץסХĺ󱳣䳶˵ϣͬʱǬ˱нʦָק˳ŵһס
ʦ֣Ұ˿ˣҳŶʦִһ
ʦֺܿͷӦ˹ȱקڵϵХʦֱڣһŲХĺϣͶʦͣϿ϶ǺܲˣХַһҺߡ
Х챾ͱˣɥʧ˻֮Ѳá
ͬʱѾҵߣһ֣㽫ץס˦˶ʦֵߣ˵ҿХ죬ʰ³϶
Ӧһξ˶ʦֵԣʦһ𿴹סХ졣
еĽ³ɱȥ
³ǱЩĲľסӣǱʱֵСȸסΣΪȣʵʮǿ³һʱ
ɱ³ʱߵЩž׵ĹʮӢʱɱ˹ʱҲҸסˡ
Ҳһ˳Ŷʦֺɵķ˹ȥͼӶʦֵнХȳֻǶʦֻð𣬻ܿԪ֮иļһһ嵽ʦֵߣ㱻ʦ³Ԫ֮ˣð˴˲ճ˻ҽ
彣㽫ǰЩʮӢ˵ȥֱ룬ֱɱ³
СӱХұҪʰ
һ飬³ϵĲƵĲľ˳ִ˼Сȣ³ķһ۾˳ɽʦɽʦǷܿƹ壬ںϼ۸ܹյɽʦһŶʮ³͸ҪǮƵģһһŵ˦СȣƵСȲͣ㡣
СҲѲסХ죬ұ˵СȣȥԸˣϼһｻˡ
ҵĻ֮תȥʰЩʮӢˣеĽ꣬һ±ƽ³͵һӿ˹ȥ
³޿ɱܣӲƴһǣʱһĵ
³ΪҪХ֮࣬仹Щģһ˳ȥ֮³ȥҲЩԾǰҺѦСԼһ𣬶³֣ЩУһУ³ܵǿʵԾŹ֡
£³֮࣬æ˼һдʣ˫һ˦÷곯ҷ
ȥһУ³ռҵ÷ǵֶΡ


1851 ֵ
£Һһٴλ˼շ仯ϣҵǰ棬źü㣬⼸ϸһɣǵƬһ÷㳯ϴ죬һ϶ʱѿ
³ٴαУ˫Щ÷꾹ȻٴһѰѷۺɫĳͷ֮ϣҺݺݵĴ˹
ľѡ
ŷ֣³ΪХ첻ǸһЩô򵥡
ľ֮࣬æЩٴκˣ˼߶콣лʽգۼĹΧĿռһʱһƬȣȻһɫĳӽ֮ӿ³Ūֶ͵ĳײ˹ȥ
һл콣ΪĽˣһ񣬽³ŪЩ÷䣬׷ȼȻͷֳ³ײ˹ȥ
³Ȼ俴ɫĻŵǸεѣ־ޱȣźӶ벻εֵˣۿɫĻҪײ³ϵʱͻȻ䣬ֽȻ˹һ޴̫ͼ³ߡ
¡һ죬ɫĻ̫ͼݺݵײһ𣬞ųȼٴս
ˣվڲԶ³ҲֲƷ˳ȥɳ߰ԶŹڵء
ȥˣ³ռҵ̲С
ղûֽ۵̫ͼɽֶΣܿҾ뵽ʲô˹ˡ
ȻӴſڴͻȻӿ˼ʮصˣһƬвǹ侯ؾ߿ٵĿȻдȴغ˶ס֣Ͼصܾǰ참˶ҪȻɱۣ
Щصǰģһɽװȥʮͷʮ㣬첽ߵ˵ڵϵ³ߣһѽ
硭û¶ɣ˵
ܵ϶ձ壬ֵܾĴС
ҿȺˣɵ÷һЦ
ðռֵҪŪңܲ󲻳ɣȣ粻УӵйٷݵĶձֳˡ
ձƤҲǹģһصĿǣһصͷǼȷһصˡ
֮󣬾ȻĹȣûûƤӣҺհ
һ˶Ҫġ
Ҳ֪ձôܾϴλõġ
³֮ձ߱վصˣĿҡ
ձҲ˵ô
ȥ⻰ʵҶ֪ôӲˣ£Цһ˵վֳôѵ֪
ձɻ˵ҵȻ֪ˣ³ذ참·ſڣԹ
òҪļһ˶ֵ֪ܸҲõһ֣䲻ôɵ飬һֵȫۼ˴˴
Ҫռϴָ֣ɲҵʱձͻȻˡ
վֳĻɰûģǱڹ˵ƭ˹ҪŪңǾطɱΧնɱ˼һصĶ׽һһصĴվֳҪҪ
ձȵ˵Ŷ׽һ˭
Һ˼ߵɵߣʦֲŵХȻձ˵һվֳʶۼ³һصļһڤɱҪ÷ɱңǷѾҸˣļɱʣһˡ
һŵХ죬ձٴװһʮ𾪵ӣ֮תͱ˷ŭ֮ɫŭ˵ܣЩ궼ȥˣ;㣬Ͷ϶·䣬û뵽㻹ڤ粻飬һصһţ㣬ֻѡˣˣһصХҰˣѺֽܾаɣ
˵գձһ֣мص˳˹ҪХнߡ
һ㣬ХתͷҵһЦЦݺڶ˵ҿҺΣ
ǺǡȻùٷѹң³ռսթֲܹķˮ𣬵ƫͲа
һХ챻ձȥХ϶ˣҲᱻ״ձеǰ취Хߡ
ʱХҸطˣȻصҼ򣬳һȷˣЩٸԭְ
ձֶΣ˽ⲻ


1852 
ұϾֵ˸ץˣΪŪңձ廹ǽҷһɽҰ룬ֱӸɱˣȻ˵Żܣ͵ġ
ЩطĺڰǺܶ˶޷ģԶȺܶеҪնࡣ
ǽХ콻ձ壬Ժ͸ûкӹˣ֪ҪʲôԸҡ
Ҫ󻼣նݳ
ԷˣˣǲŲҡ
һᡣ
ձЩ³ҿʱͻȻһָЩ˵š
ǼϾֵ֮ǰ϶ǼңҶûʲô̫ӡˣ˵ֵʱ˶ʱס˽Ųͷձ塣
ձʱֵʮֲã˵ص참ѵҪﻹû
˼˵𣿡Ц
ձԳʲôڰյģصҲΪµĹͣһص񹫵УصĴڱרΪ˶ԸһصĴڵģ㲻㣬㻹뽻˭ձ˵
ҹһЦ˵վֳ˵ĺãȻһص񹫵У˵ö֮ǾͺðˣҲҲǰգǽеһԱһصХҵУǱúˣͲ鷳صˣôһصɱҲɱˣҲȱһ
˵³ձ嶼ɫ
ǸҶܣҷ϶޷뿪³ŭ
ϣв¹˭һصϸ˵仰Сүһһ뿪ˣЦ˵
硭硭ҡʱ򣬾ձҲסˡ
ȨУһжƿش֡
ʱҲŷ֣Х첢ĲղǾһԲŻǰſģȴˡ
ҪɱҲǷַӵ顣
ձɫ˼䣬뵽ʲôӦ֮ܿ˵ﲻֵĵطϽ˽ص飬ǲȨĴڣ˲˵ɱɱ˵ģХ϶֪һصֶܣѺȥ֮ص黹ҪѶȻȷľϡ
һձ壬˵Դǣʵһͷβαӣ£ȫһЩ˵Ĺ
˵֮ձִߴµ콫˸Ѻ
²ҵ飬ΪձǶŭ
ұһЦ˵ðȻϾҪ˴ȥǾʹȥɡ
˵ţұ㽫Х͵ǰһơ
ڽХƳȥʱһƱ˴ƺƵΪƵֶȻʮǿ󣬿שʯСһ
ǴҲԵ˵˵澭
ƺʹͬʱХշ𣬺֮ϱһĵֱӰݽȥһ顣
ϵĹͷѲ˵Ҳܵ˼ˣ˿϶ûˡ
ص˼ʱϣХһѽסӣݿ࣬صĸֱƳȥХ󵹷ɳȥ򵹵أòײסΡ
ȶæХӸ˳ȥ
ΪǴ̺ģХϴǵϣǿ϶ܲˣֻܽ˸Ƴȥ
ʱ³ձæȥһХ죬Хӿ˴Ѫؿڶһ飬˫ԲѾˡ
Х챻һĵģ߶ûкһ˲
ֵܹסһƵ˲࣬ο˵Х죬Ǿ͸Ӷסˡ
ܣ³ձͬʱһһѽХʬקѪ˳Хӿ
³֣Хʱһһƨ˵ϡ
ձ۾ʱͨ죬Ȼ󡰻һ͵վһ֣гɳЩЪ˹ŭ㾹Ȼɱܣ㲻죬ɣ
Ȼǲ˵ôˣֻɱһһصˣҲеѵֻ÷ɱңɱɣ
³Ҳվţٴνеķָңҧݣ˫ĿѪ죬һһٵ˵ɱܣϷƴҲҪɱ㣡
˵գ³ͦһѳҿɱ
ձȻҲһͬӿ˹
һ֣ǹʮӢձЩϾֵҲ׼һϡ
ʱɴŶʦͻȻǰЩϾֵǰ


1853 
³ռõһȦףֵܾҪϻŪңԾ󻼡
ŪңҲձĹٷȫˡ
ձϾֳֵܾȻܵ³˵ʲôҪȫƭطͲϾֵĹϽΧүү˵Ͻ򣬼ʲô飬ҲֲϾֵ˹֡
ƻĺν޷죬ȴ밴ǵ·
ѾģһͽŪǡ
֮ҪɱХ죬Ҫռҵֵ˵һ⣬ԺôıңҲˣʲôıƣҪŪңҲҪõ׼
Хһӡ
ХȷǱһƸˣ
ֵһХ챻ɱ֮󣬶ʱŭڣһеĳɱ
ֵһ֣³ĹʮӢҲʼ֣ЩϾձҲûţһҪ֡
ʱɱŶʦֵЩϾصǰ˵ͣ³ռҸĸ˶Թصûκιϸ𣬷һصаǲܣȴҪԸǲǻĶͷˣ
ɵĻʱǼʮصȫס˽Ų˴˿һۣһʱ޷
һ֮ɽֵҲ֪ڻɱħɽƽ֮ӱɱ֮ɽҽôţһϱǾϣǱɱˣ˭ǳͷ
˻һڣǳ׽ЩϾֵ˵˼߽ˡ
ɽƽ֮ʲôͷǿǶƽ̵ĺˣ˵ɱɱصЩ˵ôܸɽƽ֮ȣʵͱֶ̫࣬ʲôã޷ͷˣɱ˾ɱˣû˻ǳͷҲ֪ҵݣүүҲص黪ֵĴУҲпɽ
ɴܣ꼰㣬Ƕ˭ֻùͷأ
ŻǣеϵͬСɣ治һġ
ʵҲ֪ҵĹǣҸձ³֣ЩصҴܶ鷳ҲɱصˣϾǹٷݣִˣҲԲ˶ߡ
һҽͷöˣҿɲҶɱ֡
ЩϾֵ˼ɴŶʦֵסȥ·Ƭ̣׷ɢȥ㿪ʼȥԸ֮ǰХŪЩһصˣûٹߵ顣
³ձ˵ʵһҲҸоһѹ
Ƿ˺ݵҪŪңΪɱǵֵܡ
ѾѪˡ
һ˲䣬³ձѽ㳯ɱ˹³ĹʮӢҲǰ֡
³ĹʮӢҵûʲôǣڵĽ˵³ĹʮӢһЩ࣬ڽ֮˶£ʵڻ첻ȥˣֱصͨͶ³ռҵ߹ɱҲõʲô
£Ҳ˺ݣеĽһԷսһ
ʵʵܵУձֶΪǿΪⶮռҵзţɽĵӣɽƽ̻ʦֵܣΪǲǿҲϾֵϴ
һձ㶯ʮǿֶΣʩչɽľС佣һʱ䣬ΧǶ˺ܶձ壬ͬʱҲ˺ܶѽ˷ΧƵˮйͨʮѽ׷׳ҿ˹
˸͵ĽҲҵģѾǵһС佣ˡ
£ձʩչһ֮Ҷʱٰ˲սȦ֮⣬һվ³бﳯɱʮӢҲǳû硣
үģ˵ǳҷӵҵеĽ꣬һ֣
һ֮£궸Ȼâʢһ֮Ϊĵ˷ʱȻ죬ЩɱĹʮӢʱ˲أһ˶Ʒ죬ص˵ϡ
ɢȥұֿٵéɽ壬΢΢ζ֮䣬ʬʱ߰˾ȫζȻȻ䵯һȫëʬЩʮӢɱ˹ȥ
գۼĹ³ձٴγɱ׺ݣȫֱҪҵ
ȻձôС佣õȫһΪΪҪ࣬⽣һȫǽӰҽΧ£ܲ͸硣
һʱ䣬еĽҲ·ɣٰ˲ֶζοľһӰ
ʵձٶȾ̫ˣŻ˸оôˣôལ


1854 Ҵı
ձ³ֵˣǷ˷ǹһܲĳҳɱһʼͣƵˣֻм֮һ֮ܡ
ãƴһ˲䣬ұǹʮӢɱ˼üëʬȥסûǼʮӢܹڳȫĵĶԸֵˣҲ㲻̫ѡ
ڱŭͷԵʱܹԼΪǿǱ֮£Ҳб׶˵ģǾͷԲ̫ѡ
ǰִ򷨣һֱӽԷɱǻԣʱһŭľͷˣȻ˥ߡ
ֵ˵ĽȻͣȴżֻǳӦսӰȫһ㣬޿ͻơ
ƴ˴Լ֮ΧͳһƬǽ壬⽣Ӱ֮䣬Ĺֺͽۣ³Ū˺ܶ÷ĴƮɡ
֮ЩëʬǹʮӢȫ֮󣬱תìͷʼ³ձֵܡ
ëʬĵȼܸˣҲʮָߣȻֵˣҲܹγɺܴв͸š
ܿ죬Ҿ뵽һ⣬ֵһЩмܣǽǷֿұβʲô̫вˡ
ϴɽϴ˸ƵʱҰɽɹΣɽ·ϣձ壬ʰңұһ٣ʱұձ彻֣ûϼУ㱻֮׵˸ˡ
ʱҾѾоˣձΪ治ͣɽƽ̻ҲǺܴ
ŹûãǱٴν֡
ʵĺձӲӲĸһܣʵжǿ
£ұǼëʬ³ΧˣŽǰձ
Щëʬ³¾Ǵ´࣬ұ԰ĵĸձһ
ֻʣӲӲĹ˼֮ٵķֿ
ձŭĿԲָңŭ˵̫ŴԣξȻɱҵܣұȡš
յģΪ㲻ɣɵӶֵܹܸСүõһ֣Ҫأû뵽һûصֳܾȻһصһǱΪ飬滳ɣѾǲһصص̽ӣ֪ʲô˵Ĺ¶ҿ϶صú˵˵ɱ㣬ôҲǰҾ
˵ձٴ߳ŭֱĹƨɣ
ҽҴıձ߳ŭٴζС佣ɱ
ʵҾձһص˵ҲڣϾֵĴУλȨأòȥͽһصֻʱĸܺҪŪô򵥡
ֻϧ鲢ûԤǰá
С佣һʱӰζӰ׷ףۻҡ
Ҳֱӷų˴Уһƾٴαʩչ˳һ¶ձֱײ˹ȥ
ʱձһͻȻһѻֽȻ׵˰֮Уǻֽһ֮䣬һ޴̫ͼâ˸һɺȻ֮Ȼʱסˡ
һ̣ձٴֱҶ
ˣҲˣ붼û룬ֱһյ֮УȻ㶯˺ϴ辭ҪսپһǹòҵҪձܹƵռС
˺ϴ辭һʩչȫǣëҲ˿һɿֲӿȥ
ΪԲ˺ϴ辭ʰձ壬ڿ鲢ûô򵥣ʹܹɷڵأҲҪһ֮ˣҿûǸġ
ձ岢ûмʶ˺ϴ辭ֶΣǼɱȻ䱼ǰʮ׵ĵط֮ͻȻоЩ̫Ծˣĺܣһϵ쳣ҪתߣȻȻңҪûôˡ
һ֣˺ϴ辭е֮ձĺץ˹ȥ
ȥձʱ򣬷һ٣ӵٶȶȻͽ
һĻȥЩҸձڰκһ̧ҪԶȥȴǾٲά裬ȻȴŬĽڲͣĽ
˺ϴ辭һḶ́ʱԽã˺ϴ辭Խ


1855 
Ƭ֮˺ϴ辭ѾҴ߶ʮǿձһʼǰŲȴѾڿٵĵˡ
ʱձĻˣһߵˣһ߾ֵĴ㵨̫ˣ֪˭Ҫɱң϶Ҳ·һ㷸
ձִܾеѹңѾɱ˼ɵôࡣ
ղŲһĳ棬аʾǸ˾ҡ
ұǸɱˣձĻ϶˵ұһص˸ɱˣһëϵûУֻɱңɱǣ
һ仰ûУ˺ϴ辭ȻٴǿʢһЩձʱ˹ҵһ±ϡ
ƶʱŪձϣʼңвңȫȻҾֻһĿģҪŪձ塣
³ɺޣôһˡ
ԴԴϵձӿ뵽ҵڣעҵĵ֮С
ձƬ̣һû뵽鷢ˣձ岻֪һŽɫķУȻֱˣŽɫķȻȼ
ûǵȷһŽɫķ͸éɽƽ˸ҵǼŽɫһģһ
ɽʦķµһģԲ˵
ձеǵɫķȼ֮ҶʱһӴֱײҵؿڣһ±˳ȥڵأ˺ϴ辭ҲȻֹ
ȥձʱ򣬷Ѿ׿ľ룬Ժӵſڴ
ЩǱηĳҵķһۣȻͼβˣĴ³²ܣֱӾˡ
ҴӵϷŭʤղձõŽɫķֻΪãû̫ɱԴ˿̵ҵҲûôˡ
û뵽ձҲֶΣŽɫķҲѹ׵ıˡ
ҷ̴֮߶ٰ˲ձߵķ׷˹ȥʮٰ˲ʩչұѾձ
ձһﱻҵ˺ϴ辭ˣӵĲ죬·Щģһһ߻ͷңֱɥ֮Ȯһ㡣
һϾصĴб׷ɱӣҲû˭ˡ
գۼĹұ׷ձ壬Ȼһžͳĺ˹ȥ
ձһҺߣʱ˵ڵأһ࣬ұ㵽ߣһŲĺϣеĽ꼤סĲӡ
ձ壬㻹ʲô˵𣿡Һʵ
ձתͷ³һɳŵĸɱңҪɱң϶ҪΪͨĺǽ׶֮ء
ѾвңҾͲаˣɱ˾ɱˣСү¸򣬺жԵԺҲòˣɣ˵ţٴξеĽ㳯ձϿ˹ȥ
ֻǽովȻӲԶһЩŵĴүˣ
һ£ǽûȥתͷԴȥͻȻһɽװ˿첽߸˹Ϊ׵һʮĺӣͷ󺹡
Щ˸ϹִɵСţçײɱá
ٴλͷȥʱ򣬷ҲŶʦֿ첽߸ˡ
Ľų̿һЩŶʦ־ͱҵߣһץסеĽСţɱãɱһʱʹˣȴ鷳ڵ㣬ɱ
һ˵ҵȶһ£ķеĽǰҲΪһʱĳ嶯Լĺ
ʱȺɽװҲ˹Ϊ׵ǸӲһͷϵȺæ˵үǧ֣ҿļʱҪȻ鷳ˡ
ҳɽװµĿһָۣʶˣ˭
³ص鳤գֳ¡˲һѺֵ
ʱҲ׹յүүԸģҲΪֹҶձɱֵġ
ձΪϾֳֵܾҪɱˣǿͱ˴¨ӣүү϶ҲסңԱ˹Ȱ˵ҡ
˭ӲҲܲүӵӡ
˵ףұߵ˵˺Ҫյ˵仰ģҲɱ
պЩĵĿһۣ˺˼վһԡ
ҽŲձ壬ŭ˵յģο㣬󾯸һΣԺٸұ°ģҾŪ㣡ˣ


1856 
ôһͣһصĴУֵΧһȺǰʣձ϶һ֮Ȼһԣȫһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
һ󣬽ͲձһţеĽ׼ձĺģٴŭһΣ𣿡
һΣҧгݣһһٵٴʵɱ֮⡣
ձܵеɱ⣬֪ǶɱģҪĥĥһֿܾȥֻһңﻹΣʱ첻˵ҡ֪ˡ
ûһ㣡ֵ
ˣձҧֺһ
ܹձŭͲʣԼС
ձ֮ջ˽ţ˽꣬Ȼɸһ
߸ո뿪ձ壬ʱ³صЩɽװæǰձ꺮ů˵վֳû˵ɣ
վֳ˼ˡ
æİձĴϵĻҳȻձȴһ仰˵۽ǵƳһۣȻһһ˦ӱ뿪˴˴ȴҲ֪ȥ
³صҲͦ˼ձ屻Ҳڽµʱûһ˸ҿҷſˣٹȥⲻǸձѿ
ձǱҼ̤ˣȻҲ֪Ժ᲻ҵ鷳һʱ϶ͣ࣬ԸԺҵУһΣҿ϶ô
ձߣɱЩԹ˵СţЩˣ׻˵ɱ˲ͷأձ岻ô˵ҲǹٷҪڽ£ԺҪĿͷˡ
ҾǲʰôŻôţЧһЩֵ˶۸ݶˣղŲһɱˣǱǣֻɱһХѡЩ߷ߵ˵
ҡҡͷҲ֪ô˵ˡ
ʱ򣬲ԶǸ³صִ˹С˵үܷһ˵
ӦһߵһƧűʵ鳤ô֪ģ
ֵôҲ֪ܲϾҹϽĵͷʵϾҲֳ£ֳһкֳҹˣֳ˼ǣ³ռûǲҪˣԺ»鷳һһ˵ХѾүɱˡտ˵
ǰХȷǱɱˣһصˣɱûʲôɣʵ
ɱХ϶ûʲô⣬ֻһү͸³ռҽձܹϾֳܾλãǹϵ۸ӣԶúܶϵֻҪүһѱУԶԼĹϵԾүó棬ѵүϴɽƽ̶𣿡ֵ
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ˵лѣһġ
ո֪һȻ³صһֽ³ҵĴԺ֮УϾֵһͬȥʰЩһصˡ
ҲûҺɵʲôˡ
£ұ˶ʦ֣кСȣȻҵǲڲԶĳӣֱӿų뿪˽һ·ʻ˸١
ʱŭСүȥ˿һоͲ˳֮⣬³ռұңҵ鷳һΣǽеŭȫкռֵܵϡ
ռҵ𳹵ǽˣղҪţ˵һɱձ塣
ںҲûȥ룬һȣʲôҲܲˡ
ֻһռҿ϶ưոݣǿ϶Ҳ벻ҸһŶԸңǹҲҸˡ
£һ·³ʻϳǣȻתս˺Ҷȣһ·ϣҸ޽
ֻڿҵͻȻֱģһֱӰԺƮ
ҷҾͲһӾͻı뵽
ڿϣȻȥǧ˿ʱ򣬱µʱҪһûгɡ
һ־ȴʮּᶨŮˡ
һ𣬲֪ûлټ
ѵҺ֮
ܾҺ֮϶ٷһЩʲôִ֮ôһЩϣ
ص˺Ҷ֮ѾˣһԺӣԵĻб˹һסңȻȥЦ˵СӲ˵ȥҵôأûУ


1857 
Ҳ֪ģв˵ãһ˵ǾòζҲ֪ôشʱͻȻǰһס˻еĸ첲û˵Сĺĺ¶Ҫ˵
вԣʱɸһȥűѦСߺͰչӭ˿ҵɫ̫ãʱҲʲôкһ˵ˣӦһȻһͷ
ôһҲ˵Լôˣ޶˵ƣƣ
ʵҲƣˣԴȥȻɱХ⼸֮У۾ûкϹ
˿ƣһŴ֮󣬱Ĵ˯
ǺҶȣҵֵǶڣҲûʲôõĵģһ˯ر̤ʵԺҲ֪˯˶ãͻȻҧң۾־ͳĵطһƣû֮ٴδһ֮Уæһȥ
һĹȥ֮ͻȻߴһЦһ͵һžͿһϤҵĴߡ
ôһ˲䣬ҵǰһ㱣оҴߵǸ˾ЦȻһ㣬ʱҶЩˡ
ǰͻȻһȻһѣСŸ磬ôҡ
ʱҲŻعߵĸǰչǴȵСʦ
ʱһߵĿңɫЩ΢졣
һ£ôˣ
ҲԾ͹˵Ƥĳգ˼۾˫ˮĴ۾ǣһ˵۾м
ѾͷôֱӣŪҶ֪ôӲˡ
ҵ㲻ѧ𣿲úѧ𵽴ܡ
Ƕʲôʱ¶ͱҵˣСŸ磬һͲңǲǰҶˣ˵ţ㿿ңֱҵߣһӭԹҵϡ
ЩȻһ˵ѾͷˣһֱƣڱɱȥѾͷҼǵһθ滹ʡʱʡһص䷢ƣʧʱȥһǵȦףǲһ󣬽УҪǿéɽƽ˵ŽɫԶ￪⣬Ļڡ
Ŀ֮£Щ飬ٺһЦ˵ôܣ˭ҲӣһΪ㿼оء
˿̣ΪҵĻǵһٸޣת졣
ȴֲӣǶʲôã˵ˣôǼҲңҲǽˣĸǶоġ
һ˵ᱻʷᣬнһоЦ˵
ޣСŸ磬ҷ̫ˣˣԺˡ˵ţѾͷˣСƢֱתͷȥһıӰ
ҺٺһЦҲԼ˯ˣǱϴˢþߣſˢϴ
һʰɾʱˬ
Ѿͷܵҵߣҵݹһɾëֱӽӹһ
ѾͷĸСһƢ˵˵߾ߣղ˵ҵתۼɢյҵߣ۾Цһ㣬˵СŸ磬֪˯˶𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵һһҹ
ǣ˯ҹֻһǺС߸ҵݶƷˣ㵽ж۰ӣЦ˵
ҹô𣿡
̫˰ɣһȫȻˣֱ˯һ찵أҲãҲ׵Ϣ˹
ѾͷֵСŸ磬ŰȥóԵģ϶ˡ
˵ţѾͷ͸Сһ˳ȥβһһεģǴֱ˵۾
һұ㳯Ժ˳ȥ˯죬ûһ˹ң˯ʮ𣬵ȵԺ֮󣬱㿴ԺʯԱΧһˡ
ɡչСѦС߶ڣ˳ǼæҴкҸϽȥ
ƨɸհʯʣΧļ˶۹⿴ңǻУһļЦչҲŸЦЦӡ
£Һܿ˹п϶⡣
񲢲֪ҶȵѦҩֻ̣һܹǾǰչСˡ


1858 
ҸɿһȻԼԼһˮһȸˣžˬ˺ܶ࣬ſ˰չʵСףкİɣ
˻һڣǼĻЦЦǰϣȥһŸ߷ڵء
Ц˺һ֮ǻвſһִٵİչСװҾ˵϶סСţһأɣһ۾ͽʶˣ
չԴҺٺһЦ˵СŸ磬ҲܹңСʦʮѲǰʱͲҴϢһֱ˵æǰʵѲˣҲ֪ģ˲̫ѣԡǸСʦҵطˡ
̧ͷһ۰չû˵СҪǲԼҹ
Ȱչ𻰣ɱСţҲִһҲΪãʵ˼ҰչͦĵģһţǼǱѾͷ㣬ơνĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦찡ãҲƯ˼Ҷڿˣ϶ǲˣҿѾͷ˳һҲǹ龫֣ʮϲѽ˵ҺðҪʮʮģôõֵ㣬ϸԼ׷ˡ
㣬ͳֵ˭Ҳֲ㰡ҿɱ㳤˧ˡƲ
ѽһУôƶʦ̫ûˣ˻е
զˣоͲܻˣҸ˵ɱңһˣ̨ܵɽסֵ
Ƶİ˻һۣ˵㻹ӻϲСţһëǮϵ𣿡
˵жʱסˣҪܣ¶ԶһϤ˵óԵඡ
ʱǼֹͣ˶죬ŲԶȥһɰٵĳ˹ɰﻹڲð
ˣǼ׷վִнӹɰʯ֮ϡ
ֹƬ̣ҲӳﶼʮֿɿڵСˣֻǿűʳָ󶯡
ⶫһϣЩƵĸ˵СŸ磬㿴ҵ֣Ϊ˸óԵģˣ˵˵Ҫôлң
˵ţ㽫۴һСֵҵǰҿһۣЩ죬ˣӣСŸҲ³һٺóԵġ
ʱҿе˿ҵĿֿʼˣǼĻУüɫģӿ۳СǰϹһå
æһʮˣӰڵһһã㿪
ⷹĲ㣬ʳָ󶯡
˵Щԭ϶ѦԼֲģѼҲǸĴģ֮ɵķˣЩ˴඼³ģԼǸ֡
˵⻰ʱһֱ΢ЦſңȻֿһߵ⣬Ҳܹף˼ΪҲЩˣνͿ๦ߡ
˵ҿ֮з飬϶˵ˣҺ֮ǲˣΪѾңһӼһŽҺһ𣬰תѿƣѰ˶˵Ҫʧѳõİ취¿ʼһµ飬Щý취õҵϣνġ
ֻǣҶӵָ飬Ҳ˵̫оһֱӱȽ϶࣬ҲЩøУǲ̫ǿңʵϸϸѾͷǺܲģһ
Էʱó˼ƿþƣڳ˻϶ܺȾƣҲܺȲ١
ŮȾƵļ١
ֻûʲôΪǰĸоʱȬûж೤ʱ䣬ЩʤһɫЩ΢죬ʮֵģѦСһ𣬾Ķӣ϶ŲҸ
ǰѦСȼж㣬ԴҽǻƤѦСκ֮ѦСָ߱ˡ
ʱ˵ʱѦС߿ЩԱȥ׷ºˣһжָճɾ
ˣвЩ顣
˵İ鶼˳˳ˮΪʲôȴ˿첻
ϯ䣬ߣͣĸҼвˣϵĵڱǼ⣬һʱҺ˺ܶƣ˼ٴЩƮȵоԼ˼⡣


1859 
Ʋнⲻĸ
ֵܼˣöûһúõģĵĺһپˣһֱڲͣæƣڱҷ֣ڽ֮ɱôãҾȻ֪ΪʲôҪôǰΪ˸𣬲Ÿһصӽˡ
ö˶˵ģҾʧȥеĿ֪꣬úȥδӡ
ҪԼһɵĻǾֻ˵Ϊս
һصҸȼͼݱڵļԽԽˣҪǣ˵иĶǰѾӵж¯֮ӤʬˣھǸںϵʲô̶ȣ˭Ҳ֪ڻûг飬ֳôĶ治֪ȵһ죬ֻһΡ
ڵǼϣòҲһص鷳ʼջǻҵңҰոҾ𣬽ⲻԩһҪʰľңһֱ硣
ϻһˣһСڿȫƿסˣܼҵҲķˮڱæҲѲ֪ʲôʱ򣬴һﻹܴһ۾ۡ
ѦС˵ĻҪ֮Уһ;ٰ񣬵ʱѦҵѶᵽһ϶ҲϹμ˵Ļ񣬵ʱܺúõĺһپˡ
ѦȻɽ¶ˮѦҵʵڽϺǿ󣬱Ͼҽң֮ϸɶѦҵģһλʲô֢ҪѦͷģԿ϶ҪѦұõĹϵɽéɽĶţҪѦҺܴӣһѦС߾л񣬱Ȼʮ¡أĺĸһá
һ˵ѦСߵĶүүѦǬ֮ϣǸĵЩƲģЩڵϳֵЩУҲ˵λ϶Ҳ˭ʱ˵ѦǬҲᵽ
ѦҾǱȽϵ͵ˣʵųһ޷ġ
ԣ޸ѦСһɲŮòһԶ
ֵϾҪˣҲʮָˡ
پƺ˼СʱȵЩ΢ˣŴ뿪˵ҪһЩѾ
һߣһĽǷǡ
չ̾Ϣһ˵ǰ죬ս绹Ҵһ绰˼䣬ս˵һص֪ڸʲôıǰʱɽôһ飬ŵ׷ɽŴϼӷһɽһ³Ҳգ˵ЩεĵŸ֣ܶ඼˸ɱˣ״ңһصĹ
һչ˵¶ʱһĶڽϵ飬һﶼʮֹĵġ
ɫһ˵ѽ¶϶鷳ǰսʬӦЩüĿˣҪȻҲͻȻ͸ô飬룬ɽĶţéɽƾеĴɣһͱһصˣЩһ᲻£˵Ҳܲ³һЩüĿڹٷһֱѹţûнյ鹫ڣɵĿֻţ̸֮ɫ䣬鵽ֵزЩѹסˣĹ֮ڣôһﶼи׼վǶ㲻ģʵҪ˹ؼʱ̣ٷҲ˲ܣݺĵǿ϶ǶһɸߵûˣľһΪҪϣٷ϶Ҳס
ѦС߽ҲʹҶүүʵٷһֱҲûţеֶȥѰҰյ䣬һֱһҪǵ޷ʰĵزٷ϶ҲɳĸֳԸա
һֱ˵ٷĸ֣Ϊͨ죬ܹԽҸүĸֱҸүҪ͵ؼʱǲϳģ治֪һĴڡ
Ȼֻһ˵Ҿÿ϶УټһģôߣҪǹٷûһܹסӵĶڣôܹ£סôɺ͸֣˿϶Уֹһ
ɿһߣǵΪʮܹס䣬ǹٷ϶иĸִڡ
Խ˽ߵȦӣԽǾɲ⣬˺ҲҵΪѾڽ϶һ棬ĳЩһС㡣
ұʰչСףս˵ʲôֱһص˰ɱˣ


1860 ȴ
չһ£ɫкɽһˣɽİˣ䵱ɽˡҲ˱ɱˣʡüɽıʦ̫ʡɽĿʦŻɽļմʦЩڽͷҼǳϵĸɮ֮ǿʦɽס֣ΪʮڷŵΪܹŵǰ֮Уɽڷ𷨵ʱ򣬱˸ɱˣЩһǱ˰ɱ֮󣬶ڽܴ֮ĺ䶯Σŵĸɵ˶ҳˡ
û뵽Ȼһô֣չһЩŵʱһҾȥһ˿Ȼô飬ҵɫ
ʱֵ⻹ǽܹ֮ŵģЩŵľ͸һЩҲ֪һصΪʲôҪô뱳϶ʲôı
ⶼʲôʱ飿ʵ
ʵǴɽ֮ͽӶķˣ˱ȽϷɢϢûдЩɵ˲ϣñ֪Լɵĸֱ˸ɱˣҲԸҪսǹٷˣϢȽͨһЩ绰չǼҲҪСһЩ˵һص˻ҵͷֵ
Ҫͺˣǲֵܼڣ˭ʹ趼ϲһм˵
˵Ǹ缸ڣ¶ǲܴ⡣
˵ģһϹǼšһ鶼Ƕ֡
һȻʵսȷЩֶһصɱ𣿡
˻һڣһﶼЩɣʱѦСҲ̫ȷЩ˵廨ţееĹƶееĽͷǱһģֱӱ˻ǣûһͬģԣڹٷҲȫȷһصֽţǵ󡣡
˵һصЩ˶ֽţǵҪҲûмһҾúˮʥ̵Ҳû뿪ĵĵ棬ΪЩ˵нͷģ⽵ͷǺˮʥ̵ֶΣȻϵ¿϶Ҳ˶⽵ͷδܹɱЩʮĸֻ֣ЩýͷĺɮСҷ
СŸ磬˼Ǵɽ֮Щˮʥ̵˲ûӻضǣڻĸ飿չֵ
ҾúпܣɽǼ֮󣬻Ķͨǵ·͵ӦùĸϸˣˮʥҲ٣ôҪȥĿ̫ˣǱпʱڻģͷ뿪Ҳпܡҵ
үģˮʥ̵Ⱥëö˶˵ǶǴţܵ飬ǽһĵ߶ûзСţҪҪȥǵĻе̫ˣɽͿ֮Ҷûдͱ˻Ҫȥ˸һˡ
ˮʥ̵Ҳȷǿɶ񣬸һصǱΪ飬һͬɱɽʵⲢ׷ʹ޵ģûĵ޷ܵǣЩˮʥ̵˺ޣĵۺڰǹصҲãȴЩֻҪɱˣ伫ɽʱĿЩɽĵʿܶ඼ǵɨ֮£ϧûڣ˺޵ҧгݡ
ʥ̵֮Ըһص˺ߵϵһԭΪֵܼԵʣϴڶǸôһӣߵƤӵ¸ˣҪҸɱˣϧδԸҺӶݡ
ȻûߣҾлпɷӵĿռ䣬ܽ߸ɱˣ޻أò
һ£ҽǼǶԷɱôˣЩɺصû׽һصͺˮʥ̵ˣ
Ǽһۣ׷ҡͷ˵ûУһҲûץҪץȷ˭ɵˡ
ҿ¶Ǹòó֣
Ƭ̣˵ҾĿǰ˵Ǿ䣬ѰһõУڰҲǣ취Ǹߣڽ֮Ϸণô֣ȻһֶûץӦóɱԷˣܲĽһ
ʲôôòãܲ˵һЩЩʵ
ȻõʱҪĵĵȴҾܿˡӡ
û뵽⻹һɶ˵仰û죬ǾͽӵһܲõϢ


1861 
֮Ѧҩֹ˼ƽӣ⼸һֱѦҩֵ̣ܼӵղרѧģо⼸ĹԼϵⶼ˺ü
׻˵˼˼ֶ̣ǼļһҶ߶ĸֺôֱŮ·һ㣬ʲôϵãµóöúޣܴåһһ׵ģҲ֪Ǵѧġ
ⰲӲ̫з飬ʱ̲и
ſеʱ䣬ұ㾭һܵҶȵĺɽ콣ĵڰ˽ʽѪơ
˵ұɽסĶʬ˽ΪҵʬħҲˣΪǾǷ˺üѪƵĽӦúױղǣȻ⼸ڼϰȴҲû̫ͻƣʵеʱҲСϾⷽԲʮﶼ˼ңһ߸رɫ֣ƻܶ˵ĿֻţҲ̫ڴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ҲǶʬΪʬħ̫ǿˣһʱˣԻҪһʱĳɣҲżá
ܵɽеʱһԭǶӣ̫ˣЩмܲסǻкͰչǿҵҾûڡ
ڣѾͷ֪أеʱҸңһ´ң͵ѧҵзţϾҲһͦߣչһΪɵĵӣ͵ѧзǽɣȻҲԽ
Ѧҩ̴˴ԼʱͻȻӵһ绰绰ɽǿҴģ˵һܲõϢʦ˱˸ˣΣһߣ֪ûеþȣھɽ޷ƶܹܲȥһˣǽѦС߸ȥƣܾܲȵûǿʦпһصˣһصһڴʡڣϣܹȥæЩһصĻʦ屨
ǿ֪Ǹ缸Ĺϵǿ֮һʼҴ绰ѦСֱӹͨǾֵܼеĻȨأһܹ붯ѦС߳˵ͲһˣѦС߾ԲƳ١
ǿ˵ԺҲѦСߴһ绰ȥûʱһ峿ϡ
ǿ˵¶ﲻЩأҪ˵֮ǰһصɱЩˣû̫ĹϵȫӶ˾Ͳһˡ
ҸнģǶԸǻƺӹ׵ʬʱֶԵУĺܺãҺصɱʱǵһվ촨ʡŵĸֹص˽ҸߵģĲ˵ݶҲ
˵ΣȻЩѹģұ㰲οǿģҺܿͻ˵ɽǲȥԼҲȥġ
ǿҵĹϵҲͬѰһɽ֮УҪվ˵ϴɱɣҿ϶Ҫǿںڹء
ڣΣҿ϶Ҫȥһ˵ġ
ǿҴ绰ʱںɽæ˷ҴҵĸϻѦҩ̡
ҵԺʱ򣬴һﶼһɽ飬Ȼǿ绰ˡ
һ˷׷״ʲô˼
ûģ¶϶ҪȥʱҾͱԼ̬ȡ
˿ڣ˶ûʲôһҲûʲô׼ģ˵߾ߡ
ѦСҲʾûɶҲҪһȥ
ѦСȥɽ飬ЩǣʵҲϣѦС߸һȥѦСǸҽߣȻҲЩΪӣ˿̵ǼȻ˺ܶ࣬Ǽ˾һɱ֪˶ȷѪ꣬Լı²ϵĳǰƴɱʱ򣬶ıܿѦСߣ֪һա
һιȥǻϣѦСһиʧҸѦ޷
£ѦС߾Ҫˣڣǲܳκβӵġ
ѦСҪȥʱЩɣѦСһ¾Ϳ룬ʱ΢ЦŸ˵СţȫõңǼȻڽϻķˮ⼸ҲûţΪҲвٵĳҽ棬⼸λүҲûٴֶΣԱ϶û⣻ߣɽΣȥ˻ܾȥȫãԣһˣұҪߡ
˵ǼЩ̫ұѦСߵС߸磬ȥҲУʱҪң뿪⡣


1862 굤
ѦСߵӦ˵Ǿܷģȥɽβˣֲȥƴòôģֲʲô뽭Сɫ겻ʶϻͰչǵʱҲһ𴳵ǹŹضȥʲôµġ
һ˵˿˲٣һǾò㽫һéɽƽ˸ҵĽɫѦСߣҸ߶ɫ򲻵֮䣬Զ֮⣬Դ
ѦСһ˵ֱϲѣӹȥȴЩٵ˵ɲУ㱣ֶΣ˵̫˷ˣ㻹Լðɡ
ҵû¶ãδɽٽɫҾˡ
һ˵ѦС߲Žǽɫ˹ȥ
ѱϣ뿪ʱͻȻ׷˳˵Ҫһȥ
˵չʱһУСʦ㣬һȥΣգ㻹ɣҪиʧ޷ʦ彻̫Σˡ
չȥΪʲôȥһСʦأСǲǾˣСʦ㶼԰չСʦܿνһʦݡ
һ˵ʱðչ֪࣬ô˵ˡ
Ҹɿһӣ֣ܺ㻹ɣһүǣȥв㣬ɽ϶ǵʿеģȥҲ̫ãﻹһҪ񣬾ҪѦңɩӣǻ
Щ˵ѦѦѦүүǵҽͨΪҲǿˣﲻãҪȻһǸһȥɡ˵ţһѱסҵĸ첲ȥ
ȥ¶ûҰ
ҿȻ̫⣬Ҳûǿ󱻶¶ˣЦ˵á㻹ǲҪȥˣǶˣһڼĵģңòã
˵ˣҲͲڹִȥˡ
һ˱뿪Ѧҩ̣Ȼһֱϳǡ
֮ûпҵĳΪĿ̫˵Ǽڵپͱһص˸أ˿Ĵ⡣
ǵϳǵʱȻͷж
ҴѦС߶뿪УͰչһ飬Ƕͨͬķʽ뿪ϳǡ
һȫ͵͵жҺѦСߣ֮뿪ġ
ĶٶȱҺѦС߿һЩҺѦСһڳһ·ɱ˶ߡ
ǵﶼߵʱѾǵڶʮ֣ȻҸǿһ绰˵ϻ͵ˣȻ͸˵һƵ֣Ǳֱӹȥˡ
СʱǼ˱ھƵĳһصİϣǱ˴˺һȻ˵˵顣
˵Ϊһ˽⣬Ըʬʱ˵Ϊ֮ϣڵңҪӮˣҲǺ׵飬һλֱ˸ˣ춼ûѹɼԸ˵˲򵥡
£ұʵǿҲˣ˵˵ɣʲôˣ
ǿɫЩ˵ܲãʦǰɽʱ˸ģһɽǱ·˸ֵģص֪ͨǹȥ˸˻ʮֵأȫϣܵʮǿҵ𵴣˽ͷ֮ûʦ̷֮һŻ굤ԵסС߸ûа취ȻѦҪûа취ȫ¾ûܹȵʦˡ
ǿֵܣģȻˣ϶ȫʩȣǱ𵢸ˣǸϽȥɽҪѦСߴߴٵ
λ磬ˣʡҲûʲôдģٷûü룬ҪɽǿЩ˼˵
ɶеʱ䣬Ͻ߰ɣԷȾƲżҴߴٵ
ǿǼһɫлλˣΪ
߰ɡϻǿļȻǿǳȥ
ߵſڵʱɳɨһۣ˵ǿطȫ𣬲ǽжɣ
λģƵɽĲҵɽ׼ҵӿģκ⡣ǿɫ
˶˸ˣߵﶼС
ǿ㽫Ǵ˺Ժ֮УǺԺͣһ۵ǿ˵ֱǵɽȥ
£˷׷˳ǿ㿪ųһ·ɽȥ


1863 һ
ǸƵɽɽ²Զʻ˴ԼʮңǱͣɽķ羰ɫɲͣСġϴʱҲûʱ䣬һκò׵ˣɫȫֻǿһƬӰӣϡܹɽΰͻһʮֲڡ
ɽҲǻĵɽǻĵŵķԴ֮һԶǧ꣬Ϊ嶴죬ɽʦɽĸصʦҪɽܹͥϻĵĶ֮һͷҲôѷɫéɽɽ
һɽĸǿǴߵһߣ֪һľӣȥȻǿԳǰȥҹ֮䣬Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ǿ͵һɽ£һ·ҲûжʣûôɽŴ޷ʵģֻǸ߾ˣণ͸Ӳ̸ˡ
ɽ·һֱаСʱҲ֪һʲôڣǰû·ˣǿͻȻһëʣɽϻһһĻͷˣǹͺͺɽͻȻâէ֣ͻȻƾտһ
˲ⶼЩ棬ôǿ͸Ƶġ
ȻǿкǸɽȥ
ƺ˵ɻǿŸǽ˵ﲢɽɽŴֻһɽС·ˣղɽϻǵɽŴеܹӦõǱŵĵӣȻῪһţǽȥɽɽŴѾˣûʲôرҪ飬µҲ˽ɽҪȥҲֻСš
ǵͷʾ⣬ɽһˣǸɽĽѵô֣ĸɻĳɽ
ɽ˺ܳʱ䣬ܺһƬʲôԼлܸܵɽ֮ʲôֲ˫۾ڶԼ˺ë
˺þòųɽһɽǰǰһƬǿ㿪ʼ˾ĸ˵طɽɽڵһķԼʮһǣߣųһֱߣȥͺá
ڰ֮һ·ǱУ˴˶ĺܽЩ츣صҲǵһڳλ϶֪ⶴ츣еգ˿Ĵ⡣
ڷ˴ԼжʮӣǱ˳ǰȻʣճ˷󣬽ű㿴һŻɫ۵ϵվڷĳڴһĵȴǡ
һǿӭȥǻ۵Ҳǰ˼
ʦ壬ʦˣһ棬ǿȲʵ
εҡҡͷ̾ϢһѽǻˣʦѾȥһСʱˣ״ֲǹȥ֪ˡ
˵Ƕһ㶣ϣˡ
ǿ΢΢һΣߵʱкôô졭
˵ˣѦҵˣʦҲǻɵģôز˵ؼ˽ͷôֵ
ʱǼСæǰҲĸǻ
Ǿ׵ͷڽ֮ϻʮģߵﶼҪ֡
ǿһңҶɣһǲͬ죬ɽӭĵ
˿ˣǿѣ˶жҿ϶ҪģֻǿϧһǸ˵
һɫʹ˵Ҳ˵ƽʦѾȺʱλƶɡ
˵ţһ֣ǳǰȥ˽аСʱҵĹ⾰ǱһϾĵط˽ŲͣǳϾȥת˼䣬˼ȣǱͣһ䷿ǰ档
ţС˵ƽʦ֣ǿˡ
ɡﴫһЩȻ
˺ǿ˽ȥǼ˶һۣҲ
֮󣬱ಣ滹Ҫܶࡣ
һݣ㿴ӵмһˮף͸ģһںӰӣˮ׵Ավһλ׷ϵüëҲܳˣؾɽƽˡ
Ȼǿֱӹϵߣ˵ʦˡ
ɣһģʦ϶Ȳġ˵˵


1864 ʯƬ
ǿȻ㿪ʼһһǡ
˳һһףɫϣԵЩȻȻǶ˵ȥЩͻ
ǿȫһ֮˱λǽ֮ϵĺ֮㣬һӵеٮٮߣλʦųƶҲʶ̨ɽ۾ʦĵģΪɰӢܵӣԥҵɣкҶҽѦҹӣиʬҺÿһܲ򵥣ʦŰѣܹǰƶǸм
˹ˣǲһЩһЩ˵˾յüЩңֻϧǻһɹֵ
λƶѾмˣʦܳôãνһ뿪ĺãǾͲҪˡ
˵ţ˵Ŀҵϣ˵ͷ˵ǰ÷ɽ飬ƶѾǿ⺢˵ˣʱҪҶɳ֣ɽǧţ¾ҪһͬΪˣƶӦҪúллǣɽĸˣŵӵҶĿǹ
˹ˣʱҲǡᣬȥһ֣ûǿֵ˵ǰ㣬ɽƣ˲żüãҲݲ̫ࡣҿ
ȴ˰֣˵⺢Ӿͱǫˣƶʵ
˵䣬ǿߵˮײǰ濴һۣɵþһʦ壡ôӣ
ǿľǼȫ˹ȥˮײһִʱֲ̫ˣϺ񳤳һƬһƬʯͷÿһƬʯͷԼм׺飬޶˿ֲ
ȥһôӡ
е棬ֱҪȥײ˵ʬҪϳĵǲʯͷָֻȥͱѦС߸һסˡ
ϻ㲻ҪˣҪ˱һôѦС߳
զˣˣϻЩ˵
ȻˣеһֶǵаʯƬһֱȹƶ֮ҪյаʯƬ˹ͷᱻʯѪȻȻͳӣʯƬ˻ϳ½֮˿ɽ⣬ûʲô취ģʯƬһϳʯƬ֮󣬱һֽͷǻᴫȾģһҲн˰ɣѦСɫ
ѦСߵĻڳûһ˲ţΪҽҵˣ˵ҲȨ
ʱҲǰŹײ￴һۣҡͷ̾Ϣʦܸոûжã˾ͳӣﳤʯƬһʼʱƶ跨ϣƬ̣ǶԷֵģʲôˣֻϧʦʼδѣֻǿǻ굤Ĺ⾰
˽ֵΪ󣬾ʦΪɣɽһġ
ʱѦСֵ߽˵ʬҪջ˲У˽ͷʬȾôһƬأʮ֮ڶҲпʬ䣬ʱ޹֮ˡ
Ҳֻˡ̾ϢһæһŻֽ㳯˿ֲʬ˦˹ȥƬ֮󣬵á䡱һ죬˵ʬ㱻ˣʱȼһŻ⣬ǻȴֻǼƬ̣ܿϨȥǼ˶չȥһʬȻ𣬸ղ˿յģȻһöûС
ʬֲ̧ᣬֻܾ͵ճɹǻҡ
˿һۣҪ֣ұ˵ˣͨķղ˵ʬһֻޣܹϡ
˵ţұ㽫ʦִǬ˱ק˳˵ϣʦ֪һʦһſڣˮײ³һԪ֮Ԫ֮ڣ˲ճˮȶʦֵǿԪչȥ֮˴ײֱӶȼˣƬ̣˺ˮײȫ˻ҽ
ǿæǰﳶһƬ˵ĹǻҸ
ұЩĿ֮нʦָ·Ǭ˱֮С
һг䶨֮ͻȻ˵ƽʦ֣ʦֵĴܲ¸һصͺˮʥ̶ܶνļˣ绢Ҫ취ʦֱС


1865 ٰ
üͷ΢΢𣬺һŵǰǶüɽıʦ̫˰ɱգɽʦҲ˽ѣȻʱգֳʲôӶ֪ȴŵĴʡɽɽţŶҳˣʵǻƿЦ
˵һֵõڣȴҪа˵İɱʵЩа˵棬ƶһ磬Ҫɽţȥһǰˣ׿ʲô·˲䣬ڳ˶˵˼ԼΪնԷ֣ȻЩ˸һ򾡡
ʵҲʧΪһð취
ֻ˸˵仰˱ǰһƽʦ֣򲻿ɣ׻˵׶㰵ѷǶԷ浶ǹĸɱһɽȻ޿η壬ֻǶԷõȫЩ׹ƽͷʵǷʤʦߵΪɱˣһƽʦиʧɽĪʧҪȻƶ棬Էɡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ʦܣɽδܹԷƶɽƽ̣ĿȽϴһЩƶţֻҪҳ棬Է϶ɳɱҡ
ɲɡɽǧˣҪƽʦӦʲôΣգƶȽһЩӬСȴҲǿ⣬Էδزᶯ֣ô˵ƶҲɽĳϣɽϸʦͬȼǼȻɱʦ֣϶ҲҶֵ֡
¾ôˣƶȥѾսթаˣԲڴʡ֮š˲ɵ˵
˻ЩԸ⣬Ҫǰ˵ЩʲôұλǰǾͲҪִˣҾûҳȽϺһЩǰһصǺˮʥ̣¶йν֣˽ǵĻУҲǰиߣλɽĶкɽµ˷λҲδܹô£Ǽеʱ;ԸǣλˣһصǺˮʥ̸ǶҲҪŪǡ
һ˵λ˶һۣ˵Ҷɣǳ棬ˮʥ̵δػ϶㶯֣ڽϵͷһʱǺˮʥ̵ĶɽʱǱ˵ġ
ߵҺɽˣֲŻˣƾһˣƸ֮ʤδ֪ڸղ˵Ǽ飬Ҳ뵽취ġ
˵ҿѦСߣɫС߸磬ҼǵʶһƤŵĸ֣רƤߣܲƤŰ˵ģŪһƤߣŪʱһٰ˳ɽԷ
˵飬ѦСߺܿ𸴵϶û⣬ֻҪһ绰ܹ
ҵ˵ͷֿ˵ƽˣðˣðɽҲ֮١
ȴƶǾЩףƶԳĺãϾɽ飬ҲӦƶ֡
һ˵ˣͲҪٶ˵ˣҲҪʲôףаˣ˵ö֮֮ǰжΪҲȻҲǵ鷳Ҳһҵ鷳ǰǣһǵ档
ɫһ࣬һ֣˵ǾˣʲôѣԼʱźţʱƶȻȥֹȥԮȡЩаһ򾡡
ˣѶٴ˵һʵʩϸڱ㱻ǿϾ󸽽һԺ֮С
£ǿԸһСͯΪ׼ǿѦС߳˷󣬵ɽԵشƤŴ绰ȥˡ
Ǽ˶˵ӣԲˮһΣ˵ʲôҲһصͺˮʥ̵˼ȥˡ
Һϻɻаչĸһ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰СͯԺӣ
Щ˵ɽµľ
һ칱衱׹ݲˡľơ
⻹׼׵ĳ磬ʱڣڴ˽ׯ԰֮ɽ֮ˮ֮飬֮⿣ʳ֮ɫζ꣬档֮ҩ˼ɽԸĽҩš
⻹кɽ⣬ζŨʶ壬ڸжء
ǿѦС߻ǼѾ̲סԴȻһ㷹


1866 ʽ
ǳԺȵһʱǿѦС߻ˣѦС߸˵Ѿ㶨ˣǱߴһƽ̵ƬȥƤŽϱᶯƤߣר͵ɽ£ǿҲѾȥǢ¡
¾㱸ֻǷˡ
ֻǲ֪ܲܽЩһص˸ֻһˡ
ʵĸ㲻ףһصΪʲôҪôǵʵ𲻵ɽҪһЩССɻǲģȴƫƫȡֲԣλɱĸɵĸ֡
֮ǰҲ飬Ҳʮ֣һֲ²⣬һкпǺˮʥ̵˸Ĺ
ڳɽһ飬ص쳣飬ֱӾͷ˸͵ĵ;ˮʥһٶŸִɽ˻
Щ޷͵ɻضǣʱ˻ĵĵϣǻҪְͨ취Żĸһ·һ뿪ģҪȻȡְ취ϻɱĸɵĸ֣ûĵĽΣҳš
һĵĽҪٷ飬ٷ϶ҲԼ³Щ˭ɵģ׹ƾǽͷаڻĶΪаһйʦڣܵܵļأڻĻû˵ʲôرĹʦȽѣܸɳЩĿ϶Ϻͺˮʥ̵ˡ
˵뷨˾ÿԱȽϴ
ˮʥ̸飬ز˶ǣ˴˴Ҳţ϶ҪһЩġ
ʱǸͻȻϮɱô໪ĸ֣ҲǳԵͷʱˡ
һ˾ɽϾһԺ֮У죬֮Уǿ֮⣬ûһ˳ȥ
ΪıȽΣǿλ֮⣬û֪ɽΪ˱ֻñûгţκˣ©˷еʱǲòСģϾСͻ᲻
⼸꣬ԽԽСģΪԵĿ̫һЩ
֮Ƥŵľ˽Ƥֱ͵ɽĽ£ȻǿֱӴ˽ûһƤŸƤߣһƽ̵ģһһİף֪Ǻ⡣
ѦСȴЦ˵һƤǸ׼ģʱСͯҵߣһͬɽǲϣѦС߱ţƤŶһƤߡ
˽Բ֪ѦСôʲô˼ܿѦС߱һɣ˵ǼѧҽΪͳҽǵѦڸϹһկĵطѧҽʵѦҶ׹ƽͷ֮а˽ⲻԷ¹ƻ½ͷһ۾ֱܷ
ǰҸˮʥԼϵ˹еʱ򣬶ǹĸɣ¹½ͷǸڱ棬ǿ취ܿģһβһˣֱӾǰɱ¹ƻ½ͷ϶ҪɫûѦСߣԼôеж֪ԣѦС߱ǰ׼
ȻһǾ಻ףѦСִҪһҲûκΣֻõͷӦ
Ǵɽ츣֮еǿָǴһϢ˵Ǵʡڵ򹬵һֱ˸ɱˣĸ⣬ǱһһǹԴѪ岽ɥ
ҷЩԽԽҪˣǰ׹ƽͷܿˣºˣ涼ֱǹͽ˸ɱˣֲҪķ϶ֻкˮʥ̲ĳ
²ûˮʥ̵˾ǱȥԲŻᵽɱķĸ֣Ϊ˸ٷʩѹ
򹬵λɱ֮󣬵ǸһɽĽڣ˵ȥμλʽϢй¶ȥ
ɽƽ̳棬ɾͷͬСˣϢӦúܿɢȥ
ȻҺѦС߱Գ棬ֱӴҡڵȥˡ
һˮʥ̺һص˾Ҫжʱټ¡
ˣǵڶһˡ
һƤߣŪ˼ٷƤŵû˵ҸվһرϤˣʲôҴ˸һ㻻ƤߵѦСߣֻѦСҵСͯʮ߰ģҵߣһǾͳˡ
ǰŸߣСɺͰչҲװһ֮Ҳɽοʹ磬Զĸǣһʲô飬Ҳüʱ֣ǴԮ֡
ʵĵľǶԷǹ䲻İһӵǿ϶ҲҪꡣ


1867 򹬼
еļƻޱȶҪ޷죬һϸڶҪãŲӡ
ʱûб˵ĳ𣬷ǱЩ˸һǹͷıҲˡ
Ըִǹİ취Ҳ޲ߡ
ұһֶΣյǧϻĲľ֮Խ߾Ĵ֮УīԸĽ˼ҴһָΪԦľһֲָ﹵ͨҲǵķš
ԹΪ飬ʵʵҲˡ
һһľֻ꣬ûǰǣľҲֻһǣһǣԦľǿͨһķţЩֲйͨҲݵ淨š
ˮʥ̵ҪҴǹǿ϶ҪϡٵĻĽҰ⶯֣ǹҲЧ̵ģҪɱң붼̫Զ
ϵĲľ֮ԦľͨΧһһľ֪Щ͵Ϯҵ˵ĴڣӶﵽҵԺ֮Уǰ
һұ㲻̫ĶԷҴǹˡ
̣ұ֮࣬ѦСߴֵɽȥˡ
˷ɽ£ұ߶˲ľ֮Ԧľ֪Χһʱ䵹Ҳûзʲô쳣Ȼ߳һ·Ǳɽ׼õĳӣֱӴǳ򹬶ȥ
ڴʡУȡΪһۣϵһ֣Ҳǧʷ̣˵ʲô츣أȴҲвٸС
򹬸ٷĹϵͬһ㣬Ǹɽĵ˵ܶനʡص˵Уٱ򹬵ĳ
˰ɱλ򹬵һϣһ֮ı֮ȥˮ·ϣһǹԴеȴûκ飬ֱӽ򹬵ĳϵʬͻ˵֮С
Ǹ򹬵ĳϽˣڴʡϵҲСɽҲһЩ飬棬ͬΪʡЭʲô£֮⣬Ҳûʲô̫Ľ
ӿ˴ԼСʱҵĹ⾰ǿ˻ٶȣͨԦľΧĶԼܹܵڶǵĳӣֻһζ
СʱǱ㵽򹬣֮һƬ£Եʮֳء
ڵɽƽ̣ʡǵŽ򹬵ƽ̴żλϳ棬ԽҸӽ򹬡
ҽȥʱ򣬷򹬵ſڻЩصĴ߶ȻǵЩа˹顣
򹬵ƽҲ֪ɶҲû̫Ľֻ΢ĺ˼䣬һԼĳʹ֮飬㱻򹬵ƽ̴˵֮Уһ·˺ܾãһĵطżǴ֮ŵһڹײģȻȥ㱻һ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬һصͺˮʥ̸ĴֲǶ˵˲࣬ҲʮˣһûʲôҪЩɾɳ˼һĵӹʲôƽ̳ϵĸҳţЩʵֵ̫ˣĻ̡̻
ոһ䶨ܶ˾æŹʽ飬ȻʵĲҵĽ飬ǳɽƽ̹ġ
ֻǼ򵥵ĺѣģЩϵģЩԵߣͷ촨ʡŵĸ֣һصͺˮʥ̵˷ȥˡ
˵⻰һʶǵԸʬʱǸһ˫۾㲨ˣˮ¹˵ãһһǱ˵˼䣬˵ҷģͻϢ峿ǱѾʼжˡ
㲨ʮּʲôʱжҲһƴҲҪһڶ
㲨˾ˣ˵У㲨˵ͷǴһЩڴʡŵһӰΣյˣ㲨˻ҹǺõɫ
Ҹ㲨һһˣҲˣǴʡص鳤߻һˣϣһһϣԴһΣΪ飬˵ܵ˺ܴǣһֱûڳʱ˼ңû뵽ﾹȻܹϡ
˿ѾȥˣϿҲ
Ҳ޷ϣϾǴģ¶ڡ
ʮֿ֮ǰ˵Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ҶһûһӦţԵЩ䵭⵵ڶ˵棬˵¶ڣҵ񶼲һˣһӣҲʶȤ˵˼䣬뿪ˡ


1868 ߳
뿪ʱ򣬿Щ̫ˣҵҲЩǾһЩʲô
װɽƽˣŪһ˿϶ǲ⣬ҪŪ˹ϵȽϺõһЩˣǾЩ鷳ˡ
һǸʶкܶ໰Ҫ˵ӣȴװһĪģѧˡŰӦţҲô˵±˶ߣʱȻȤЩõ뿪
ʽܼ򵥣ɵĴ֮򹬵˽ӴȻ˵һͨҲûϸ˵ʲô˵ʱ֣׼һЩի򵥳һЩҺѦС߱ȥ
ߵʱԸǸ˲ҪߴƫƧߣһصͺˮʥ̵ҪԸǵĻ͸һЩ
ҳϵ˲ֻ࣬ҺѦСԼһ˾
Ӻܿʻ˳һֱûзʲô쳣
ڳϵʼձ˸߶Ⱦ裬Ԧľ۲ΧĶǰн˶ʮ֮󣬱㵽һƬɽҰ֮УɽһСʱҵ·̡
룬ЩаҪǶֵĻһ·ѵ·Ρ
ȻͨԦľȥӦΧĴڵʱ򣬻Ǹоʲô쳣ڡ
ˣǰнʮӣȻ䣬ǰ洫һ죬顱һȻ󻹷һҽС
ӽҲһɲͣ·м䡣
ѦСæʵôˣ
˾Щŵ˵ǰǷ˳һһг˸ײˡ
³ơҳ
ǣ˱˳ţֱ˳ǰȥ
ǵһһСγƫ˷ֱײ·ڵһôϣǶײĹð̡
һ࣬һгײӶûˣ·һˡ
һˣһʮСкѪͣķʹĲҺߡ
˾ߵ˳һֿͷѪſ˷Ѿ˹ȥ
һĻ뵽ˣһصõһ壬⳵ĳ沼õҲ̫ʵһЩôпܹҵ
һʱ䣬ҲЩֱ治壬⵽壬һ⡣
ѦС߿ңԣע
ǣ˱ֱӳڵϵһԸ˹ȥ
ô˵ǾҪһ⣬֮ܣһԸӺпܾͶ
ãߵѦСǸҽڣСһ
ǰȥ㽫ڵϵǸСʱѦСͻȻҵǰҡҡͷ𶯣ͺá
ӦһվѦСߵߣѦС߸ͷǲϷʹСһۣüͷ
ڴʱұٴԦľһΧĶȻͷһ
ҸܵΧľϢΧˣһֹһ˷С
£һץסѦСߵĸ첲һ˹ȥȻã
ҲˣȥץסѦСߣ㿪ʱǸ֮ǰڵϵСȻ֣ҪѦСץȥҪҷӦʱС־һץѦСߵϡ
ץѦСٰ˲ʱͬʱ˼շ䣬ǵǰЩշܿ컯ϣǵǰ
Ȼ䣬˷ͬʱǹȫߴ˹졣
Ȼһ߳ЧԷҪ֡
ûԤϵǣ֮ǰײڵصǶԸӣͬʱӵϷһͳ˹ǳʱߴ˵һͨʮ׶ģ
С˵Ĳ̩Ҳǹܲǰϻˡ
ǸӶȫһηģֱӾͳϳ˹
ڳͬʱһԸӵٵͿȻȻͱˣѪŽʮѪȣЩѪ඼֮ϣ˲߽⣬ߵǣǹɲͣǲϴ
£ǲƬ̵ĵ飬ѦСٰ߲˲Ȼһʯ֮
ʱͻȻһ飬Ǹ˾ȥˣ
һڳпһۣ˾ѾѪ֮УԴѪأǸղǹһʱ˾ͱˡ
Ƭ֮һɲʱ·ұ㿴˻кɵ˴ӳұ㳯ǴϷʮˣʮˣȥʰǣҺС߶ʰʣµˡ


1869 ʬͯ
ͻһֱԶĸңڴӺˡ
Щһֻųǹɨ䣬ûע⵽ǡ
һȣ̱㳯߿ٵɢȥкһչǿһֱҸָķȥЩǿǹˣܿͷͰչǣʱߵǹ΢ϡһЩһЩӵʼǱߺɨ˳ȥ
ڶǿʯߵͬʱҲ߶ԦľΧľҺѦСߵǰӿʼڣǽҪĿꡣ
ЩӵϵĺɨߵǿʯʯмɣЩŽǵϡ
ղһĻ̫ͻȻˣȻԷҲʮֵľ裬֮ǰһֱԦľ۲ΧĶûоЩ˵ĴڣֱѦС߿ڵϵǸСʱǲͻȻ֣ǿǹ
׼һڵϵĸӶˣѵֶΣɱԵĹΪԸǣһֱǶԷǹֱȡǵ
ҾڵϵĸӶ˳ѵֶ֮⣬ϻнͷ߹ƶ֮ĶֻҪһǵ壬ǱС
ԷҲ湻ݵģΪɱǣϧ
ǸӶҲʲôֶҲδ֪
ʯͷ˺ܶ࣬ӲʱڣߴӵͻȻϡһЩ
϶ϻͰѾЩϮǵ˸ͻȻ˽öԷЩ޴룬޷ٹ˼ߡ
ղԦľҲоˣط֮⣬һڡ
ӵϡ֮ѦСߣٰ˲ֶγǱ߿ٵıƽ
ٰ˲ֶѾõ¯࣬Ʈ֮䣬ӵʱԱ任ʮλȻԷӵɳкǶҲβ̫в
֮ҴѦСִ߱˶ǴСɽϣǱſʮˣžѻǹģҸеʮǣЩ˾ȻȫˣаҲкˣЩ˵ʱҶʱЩȦˡ
ȥʲôһصͺˮʥòƶûа˺ͺ˰Ǹһ
ЩһǵγˣʱӵٴγǺɨԷǹ׼ҲҵģֱѦС߲һʯͷ棬һվȽŸм׾ǵߣŵһһæִѦСʮ׿һط
뿪һɲǼ䣬ױѿǾʯըķѡ
ү
ҰһⲻҪֶεȷǺˮʥ̵
һֱ̣ӽ˳һֱ֮֮һЩǹļһϯȥ
Ĵ߶֮£ӽ֮зɳԽԽȻͳЩǹļһϯ˹ȥʯͷҺѦС˼ֵĴ֮
ohma goad
Щ˵Ӣ仰һܹġ
Ҳ֮䣬֮ͱ˲ҽܼǹȻֹȥһЩǹļһȫɫĻһǺ˵˵ϣܿûϢһȫˡ
Ȼһй󣬻Լ߰˸ι״мɮģ
Щ˵ûǹӦȫߡ
һ̣ҴѦСߣٰ˲㵽Щ˵ǰ棬еĽһΣֱסǵȥ·
߰˸˽Ųһ٣һ㵵Ŀҡ
ˣҲɱ˲٣뿪𣿡Ƶ˵
ԷǼ˿һۣߴ˵һͨȻ׷˷
컹˹ˣЩ˵ĻһֶûôоǲǺˮʥ̵أ
ʱߵѦСͻȻ˵СţӦǼկˣ˵ǸҵĻǼҸǸطƹ
կʲô
ѦСҡҡͷŽԼĻľ˳
һ֣еǰѻľⰻȻʱҲŷ֣ѦСߵΪҲǽ˲٣еô
ЩһߴĳҶݺݵ˵һͨȻҿɮͻȻӺһץһԼǰ
ҵͷһڵϵǻڲģӤС۾Ѫ죬ŹҲһƬһ˿ңͿһ͡
ѦС߳Сһۣɵþһʬͯ
ʬͯʲôһͷһѦСߵ
ǵһааˣͷС׵ĺܣܳˣѲѦСɫ


1870 
ѦСߵĻУֻ˼һǺףһܳˡ
ҵУҲһСӤ׶ģĿֲһЩҲûʲô֮
Сڵ֮󣬱ҷһֽС
ЩɮҲŷһЦзһֵ죬ʹСɱ
ѦС߿Ҳ˵ʲôֻ֪˵ĳһطԶѡ
һ̣СʬͯͻȻһΣȻһһͬʱҺѦС˹
СһﳯʱҲ֪ǵĿֲ֮ٶ죬һɺڷ档
ǵٶȿ죬ҵٶҲһʬͯҵʱýһ³ʬͯ˹ȥʱʬͯϴһʮֺصĸо
Ǹо񿳵Ĳһˣһ
ʬͯһֽУķ˳ȥȻһԵһôϣʬͯعͷʱҷʬ֮ͯоȻźôһϿƤ
ʱҾ˹ʬͯʬһǹ룬ʮַǵٶȴͨĽʬҪࡣ
ôСǽʬ
ǵаʬͯ⻹е˼
ҶԸʬͯʱһʬͯѦС˹ȥ
һеѦСӦСȻҲǶˣѦСֶΣеǰѻľһ֮䣬âƣϵĻĲݶʱٵֱѦСߵǰ棬Ǹʬͯһ±˻ĲݶͬʱЩĲݻڲϵĿʬͯ
ѦСִһЩҩۣȫϣԸʬͯġ
ʬͯһ֣ЩɮʣµļҲ׷˷˹
˻Ƿų˹ƣ˶ۣҲʮ֡
˵ʵԸˣýЩԿģ׹ƽͷĶҲóҪһڣǧһɣЩҲɲʲô򣬷ַӾܽȫſ¡
ǣһڡ
Щ˳˳Ʊ㽫ʦִǬ˱ק˳ǰһЩǰΪҶʲôʱɢȥȻͷȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ʦֱαǣһԪ֮㳯һ˳ȥ
Ԫ֮ȼˣǶĿܡ
Ҳӵʱ䣬ǸԪ֮ĵȼ˾ճһѻҽһûʣ¡
Щ˿ǵһμʦôֲĴڣ׷׶ŶʦַŹƷŶЩȫԶʦֲκá
ڶԷŶʦְֶٰνйʱ򣬶ʦֿɲǸֱӾȥһھͽһɮԴҧˣȻٴγһ˹ȥ
Щ˼޷Ըʦ֣תͷܣʦֱ׷
ȵܹ׷ȵޣЩһĶʦָ׷ϣЩǱʦָһҧЩǱʦϵ֮ȼճһѻҽ
ڶʦֶԸЩ˵ʱҺܿ˽꣬Ȼ˷ʬߣʼʰνʬͯ
ʲôֻҪа֮ûзʬʰ˵ġ
֮ǰſϵʬͯٴγ˹
һΣ㵽׿⣬Ȼٵ˼շ䣬˼ʬͯ˹ȥ
ʬ֮ͯ䣬ͬȣһֽУٴγ˹
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ۿʬͯҪϵʱһʬ߾ͺݺݵĳʬͯ˹ȥ
үף
һʬǽʵʵʬͯϣķ˳ȥʬͯһҺ϶ʱð˰̣ʬйʮŨ
һǷʬߵʬͯڵʹĹȦתͷٴοҵʱѪ۾ﾹȻ¶һ˿־壬Ȼ˵תӡ
Сߡ
żٰ˲Һܿ쵲ʬͯǰеĽһʱʩչǽߵʽʬͯƶȥסȥ·
Ȼҳûʬͯߣֳʬͯ£ʬͯٶȶʱĻ࣬ҳûһŲϣǷʬһʬͯ
ʬͯأһֹһֽУҲѱʬɵ³һ̿ģĶ
˷ʬߣҲҵ飬Ȼ۷ѦСߵߣѦС߲ϻζеĻľϵĻĲǷһһһ㣬ǸסһʬͯĲӱԽԽ󣬵վǲԱߵʱѦС߲ͣеĶһۡ
ڴʱǲͻȻһ£ʬͯһ³


1871 ôа
ѦСߵʱʬͯͻȻ͵Ĵǲ˳һ³˹
ҷ־һʬߣһʬͯϣķڵأȻ󲻵ʬͯӵһٰ˲͵ʬͯߣһųʬͯϲȥ
ȻʬֱСʬͯʬͯʹҵȫҲСҡһΣЩЩûס
ڷʬ߲ʬͯƬ֮СʬͯķԽԽСձ㻯˺̿һģڵϲˡ
ʬͯףһëʬҪѶԸһЩʬ֮ͯұ˵ϸȥһۣȴҲûƳʲô
ʱѦСߴյߣ˵ʬͯǶʮֲֿĽͷ֮һҼλү˵˵Ҫʬ壬Ҫһ֮ŮȥǽһӤԹֲǴ֮Ů壬̥֮ǹ̥Żή֮УʬͯǸʦÿҪааʬͯϣ⻹꣬ʦÿ춼ҪԼϵѪǴ֮Ů˺һԴʬͯʬ֮ͯ󣬲ŻʦĻ
ҿôаţҳԾ
ȻѦСȴҡҡͷ˵⻹аţаŵĻں棬ʬ֮ͯʱģֱƿŮ˵ĶӣȻҪ̥ĸĳԵղŻγʬͯʬͯаĵǹ룬ٶޱȣͷһ㣬һܽһ˶̵ͷӶʣаŵĺܣʬͯᾭоһʱʦ̵һʬͯʱʦὫųȥѰʳڶǵĳЩʱᷢһ˱ҧȻԵ飬ܶ˻Ϊʲô޸ɵģʵܶ඼ʬͯΪ
ѦС֪Ҳͦ࣬ʬͯȷûɱ˳ˣҽ콫ʬͯˣҲΪ
Сٿֲڷʬ֮£Ҳûжķַ֮Ӿͱɸɾһ̿
ʦʬͯҲǹ鷳ģҪô๦򣬻ʱʬͯԵΣգҵֶαȵȷǲ˵еéɽһΣһƬëʬÿһʬͯȥ
Ĺ򣬶ߵǹѾˣԶȴɱ
ǱߣͰչҲɱǵ˸
ȥѰʦֵӰʱ򣬷һѾͻеķȥˣղһ߰˸ˣɱ𣬺Щ̫񫣬ֹȥȥæˡ
ǱжʦʱʲôΣգҺѦС߱ת˷ֱǿǱߣǵǱ֮󣬷ְչǱɱıȽϲңҲлٿʬͯĺɮǵ֮󣬿ĸǹ⣬ʦˣչǿҲòȥǿǱʬͯҧһڣ첲ϵһ⣬Ѫֹչ򱻼ɮΧŴ򣬻ʬͯǰðչЩӦӲϾ
һ㳡㽫éɽ˳΢΢һΣϵǼʬȻ䵯ȫëʬЩȥȻҺѦСֳȥս֮С
ҺѦСߣټǼëʬȫѹŶԷ򣬸ռ棬˱ҿڵأѦСǻľľ֮ЩҲã಻ԡ
СŸ磡
һңչĲ޳ҪҼʱϵչƾˡ
ǰչǿʵǿҪЩõ֮ǰû̫ĽӴԻԵЩ
ںˣǿѹ֮£Щ˸ͲǶ֡
һʬͯǰһ㣬÷ʬ߳СʬͯԴȥûغ֮£Сʬͯ׷
Ǽ˼ȥٸǾĴһͨ㳯Զȥ
ףҺѦСͬʱ˲ľ֮ǰֲϲƶȥסǵȥ·
һһر˼飬ǾѦС߼Ԧľ֮ԦľҪࡣ
ΪѦСеǰѻľϻоɵģѦСߵǰѻľлӡһСν°빦
һʣԱ죬ѦСһУҲܹˡ
ЩľͬʱЩҪܵļһ׷ױסȥ·඼ֲסֽţǰչһα˹ȥ䣬˹ԪնֶΣЩһԴһնڵأչҲǷ˺ݡ


1872 һ
չֶ˺ԵѦСͻȻһСףڣ
ȻѦСߵ仰һЩѦСһſڵʱһɮԴѾڵء
չعͷЩ˼Ŀһۣ˵ѽˡ
֪ѦСðչڵ˼Щ˵ʲô·ǽʲôƻΪʲôɱ·ŵĸ֡
ǰչǸղűѹƵĺˣһɻֻһҪɱǣȫµĺ֡
ûϵɱ˾ɱ˰ɣǱ߻ˣȥǱߣȻھˡ˵
һ˵չ΢΢һЦʱȻˡ
ʱҲŷ֣չСҲˣмѪۣؿڵλã˺ӦǱʬͯץġ
ǿǱߣѦСѾ˹ȥǿϵ˿ڣǿ˵ͦصģ첲ϱʬͯҧһ⣬ѪģѦСó˺ܶҩǿȥǿʱҲɫɷףѪɫ亹ͷϵ
ѦСһæŸǿһ˵ǿֵܣŵ㱻ʬͯҧˣʬͯĶԺǿʱεĻСʱ֮ھͻᷢʬ䣬ģ㲻κģҸõЩҩ֮һƤۼĥɵķۣȥһʱ䣬㱻ҧǿҲ³
û뵽ҴӹկŪǻƤ棬ѦСƺ֮ȻӻƤŪһЩۼףǻƤڵĽ˵ȫǱ
һۼ׾ܲǿǿ⡣
һǱڵĽӣôһҵʱ͸һģҪ¸̶͸ˡ
ǿҧѦС߸˿ڣʱŲһͷϵ亹˵ллС߸磬ղűʬͯҧһ֮Ҿ;ʲô꣬۵ʵܲˣֻҧӲͦš
ʬͯݺкǿʬҧ˻ʹ̣飬㲻õģҸŵĲҩרŰγʬģ㻻ҩʱʬܹ롣ѦСг˵
ѦС߸ҵĸо֮ǰֲ̫һˣƺǰһݴݺ͵ҸˣЩĿ࿴Ҫɼҵˡ
ǿʰ֮ѦСְ߽չһ£һ˿ڡ
չϵ˾ͱǿ˲٣ֻǱʬͯһӣץۡ
ѦС߸չǿ˿ڵʱ򣬹ȥﻨǣ뻹ˣѦСҵô粽룬ǲκʧġ
ܿ죬ҲӵĹ⾰ѦС߱ʰˣǱֳǵķȥǹȥ֮ǱѾǽӽβˡ
ղŶʦһǶԸʬͯʱ򣬽ЩɮȫɵˣʦһȥǱߵҲ׷䣬˵ˡ
ߵһɲһС󣬽һʬͯԭأСʬͯǳԻҩһᣬͻұʼվһԲҵķΧ֮ڻȻȴտҲʲôûУ߲ȥ
ǰ÷ʬ߽Сʬͯȥĵطʱ򣬷ֵżʬ壬Զмð̵ĵطǱʦ֮ġ
ɾվҵһ࣬ȴûпϻȥ
Ҫȥʵʱ򣬵һŻ⳯߿ٵıǶʦ֣ڶʦֵĺŵıǻУڻеǰ滹һˣҲſ˶ʦֵĺϡ
գۼĹ򣬻мԦŶʦֱ㵽ǵǰȻһֽ˴Ӷʦֵϸק
Ǽһһɮ˫ֱиˣҲһ޷վ
ڵϣߴ˵ʲôڶ񶾵䣬ʲô
һʦֱյҵߣԴ£Դһõӡ
ɵĲ˴󹦡Ҹʦֵ
ʦƺȻߵʬͯԱߣʼڵ
ʦ־ëҲ֪ΪɶͰЩаʬҲûκΡ
ʱ򣬻дֵ˹Ц˵ղžһųһСʬʦ׷ĵܣһڣҾʹֽţˡ
ܵҲϵǵӣһ¶ʲôڣŻϻһڡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻ䣬ҿϻǲȻĳ鶯£Ȼ¶һյЦݣЦ֮ǰûмģȻ󣬻ͻȻҽһ


1873 ϻ
˵ŻĻһֵľٶȻһҽУӱֱͦͦȥڳ˶һ׷״˹ȥʱĻѾ°ĭ۾ף沿Ť쳣¡
ϻǼ˶һæǰҪȻʱѦСͻȻһ˽ͷ
һѦСߵĻǼæͣס֣ٴеӣ⽵ͷ֪ģҲʶĿֲܴ֮Ⱦƶ֮࣬ӱȹƶҪа
ҶסŲ֮ѦСǰŻϸۣüͷ
ôҹеʵ
ʯƬеĽͷһģһʱ˻굤죬ǻйҲܳסСʱСͲˡѦС̾Ϣһ
ܽ𣿡չؿʵ
ѦСҡҡͷ˵ҽⲻˣʯƬֻ½֮˿ɽ⣬λүԣⲻˡ
ѦС˵ҶʱðתǸдֽŵĺɮȥ
˵ղŸ½ͷ˾ˣΪֻ֫Ӵ
£ҲǲҴǺɮģֻǽ˳Ĳϣֵܽ⽵ҪȻŪ㣡
Ǻɮ϶ʲô˼ֻǳҹЦ˼Ȼߴһͨ˵ļȲ̩ҲǰϻӦһطˣһҲ
ͨѣ涼Щˣ˿ŵĻУʱпܶҵ絶һ£Ҷ˵һ²סǺɮ֣һȥϵһָͷȻŭٴκȵ׸ֵܽ⽵
ǺɮһҽУǲҽйȴɳҵĴЦ
Цݾ̣Ǻη
ԽԽǾ
ڴʱǺɮЦЦţͻȻһҲ͹˳
£ҾɮҪʲôˣСҪѶ֮ǰҸͬھ
˶ʱѦСͻȻСţѨ㣡
Ǻɮ붼û룬ֱ㳯Ǻɮĺʹȥ
ѦС˿ٵ˺
һǺɮѶǸо͸һױըһͷⶼУ˵֮УѦС߲Ҵ⣬һ汬ˣΧһȦ˲Ҳˡ
һָͷȥ˲͵һ¾ʹѨϣߣϵѨλʮ˽ģΪĶȻҲ֪ѨʲôãһѡѦСߡ
֮䣬֣Ȼһٰ˲ٵٴλͷȥʱ򣬷ǸһѨĺɮѾ͵ѾٵĻָѾ˹ȥ
˲ɵóһٵľۼǺɮߣȻֿ˿ڵϣʹ಻ѵĻУѦС߸ղ˵ְֻܼСʱǸɮԶͨһͲͬھҪнͷǧѡ
һʱ䣬˵ݶ֪ܲôźˡ
취ϻ϶һץסɵĸ첲ΨһָܹҲֻˣ˵Ĺǡ
ȻʱҲһΪѵɫȻҲ֪ôˡ
ֿѦСߣ˵Сߣһа취ģҽǾȲȽڵĽͷסҲа͵ҶȣλүҽҲС
ȻѦСҡͷ˵Сţ뵽İ취ҶˣҲΪҲϣϻ
ɽжŵҩ굤ܹ˴֮µ죬ȥɽһҪҪСʱȡǿҲ˵
˶ƵĲ֪ôʱͻȻ䣬ɽͻȻһȺˣٵĳ˹һһȺ侯ؾǰ濪
ҶһʱЩؾ侯ĺ滹һȺɽװˣԼпһ죬Ǵʡصֳ
ǿ϶ǵõʲôϢ֪ڷһսԹƵġ
Ȼ䣬һЩ޷Ǻɮͨص϶֪ɮ˵ʲô
ص˲ҲܹٵҵǺɮ˵ˡ
뵽ұվɽϣȺ˴ߵĶܿЩ˵ľ裬ʱʮɽװ˳߿ٵĿ£˹ÿжŷ


1874 汳
Ǽԭزĵȴţ֮һصĸֳǱ˹ǸΧסˣΧмǹڻ
һ棬㿴Һߵļˣɵһ㶡
֪ɻʲô֮ǰ򹬵ʱ㷢һ˿ߣûеưˡ
㡭üͷ˵
ҡ˵ţұ㽫ƤƤ߸
ʱȻ򣬳΢΢һЦ˵ҲҲǣһɲ
һԵҲǴһϲ
£ҲͲٸǺˣֱӿżɽ˵ֳֵˣ˽ͷƳŲסСʱ˶ǸɱˣһڣӦǼկǱߵˣǼûֳܹ֪Ǳûⷽ˲ţ
ֳһ£ܿһۣ۾ڵ˽ͷĻС
֪ԣߵһɽװ˵֪Ǵʡصܾû˶üկ𣿡
ǸɽװƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵ص黹ûУҿϵйزţǵ绰һӦúܿҵˡ
²˳٣ϽϵȥɡԸ
ɽװӦһҪ绰ʱ򣬵һɽװǰһ˵ֳղʱһСսʿǴϽģկĵطӦÿ
жһϲֵ˽й
˼ӣһͷ󺹵Сսʿɽװ˹Сսʿ񣬴˵ʡ侯ܶŶ˽ǰ쵼ָʾ
˵һѽСսʿ˹˵λСֵܣ˵կ𣿡
Сսʿһۣ˵ͷŵһ
Ǿͺðˣһæ˵ţұ㽫Сսʿ˱׽ǸɮߣҶ˵һذףһ¾ǺɮĴȸϡ
ոȥǺɮ˹һ̶ĲҽС
ţһ˦һлɢǺɮһ
ɮŸͬھжȥ޷Լˡ
˴˿̶ʮֵĻеİΣҪиʧڳ˶Ѵ̣ΪһӵʹΣһҪо;ȻϧκֶΡ
ǺɮһذĲҽвֹѪŽʱŵСսʿɫһ䣬ûмô˵ģ֣ȫ
һذףһлɢǺɮʱĵңߴ˵һͨҲ˵ʲôҲܲ³š
ʱҿСսʿ˵ɶ
СսʿŵĻһ쵼˵ĵȷǼկղʺʮ˱ڡ
Ҿ´ӵϼһʯͷһϣǺɮһ³˼źѪˮһأʱͣ
˵ֵܽ⽵⣬һһַĥҹŭ˵
СսʿӦһһͷϵ亹üկǺɮ˵䡣
ȻǺɮȴĴЦ˵һͨɶ񶾣ŷζ
ҿСսʿСսʿŸҷ˵Ͳˣһ汳ģǲǸ˽⽵ͷģһҴþͺá
ãô֣ô֣Ѿں޵ҧгˡ
ѾȥʮӣеԽԽ⣬ʼ֪࣬ϵʱԽԽΣգҴǬ˱һܽף˫֮ϣ֮Դףǵһٸ½òж֪еС
ȻֱǺɮ죬ѦСóƵҩתιǵ
ԴѦСߵľתιǵҾʹûмκһܹŹʮӣΪָоʹģӲĺҲŲס
֮£ֻܶУѦСȻҲҵ⡣
Ŀ֮£ѦСߴһָǺɮʹڵϰѪ죬ǽеļֱûǻˣлɢǺɮҲʹڵϲͣĴ
ΧһǺɮģ׷ŵͷðЩص˸ŵҴǼһֲ˵ÿﶼĵĲУǰ㶵ĿźɮתιǵõĻһжûˡ


1875 ɫҩ
ǺɮһֻɱһҽӣɤӶ˻ˣָ׿ٵĵȫѪӣڲųܲס˵һЩʲô
ߵǸСսʿʱ۾һ쵼˵԰˽⽵ͷͣ
Сսʿ˵˲ȫһҼҲЩ΢΢
ʱѦСߴһָǾתιǵҩЧͣҴյǺɮߣСսʿ˵ô⽵ͷ
СսʿӦһǺɮ˵˼䣬Ƭ֮Сսʿ˵иɫİиҩۣɫֻıǽʯƬĽҩ
æƵǺɮ󣬽ǴӸק֮󣬷кöСӣɫĶУƱǸֽͷĽҩɣҳǸɫҩǺɮǰ˻Σǲ
Ǻɮæͷ˵˼Ļ
ǺɮһۣһΣҴǺɮ֮пֽǳ׵ıתιǵĥǿ־塣
ΪȷⲻǶҩһǺɫҩ򿪣ѦС߿һۣѦСָͷմһڱ˼£ŵ˵ͷ˵İɣǶҩ
ųһſ˻е죬ҩȫ˻е
ҩһУеӺֹܿͣ˾ƵĲҲָںڵƤҲʼһһıס
ǽҩûˡ
ϻָֻǻ˹ȥǱסˡ
ĹһЩֵǣ˵϶¶οЦݣչסһͷϵ亹ȻղǽŵĲУǺɮҧɿڡ
һг䶨֮ǰ˵ϴһû˰ɣû뵽Ȼֳ¼档
һ֣˵ǰֳþòղŶлʱϵһм
Ǳѣѱĳ˵ѣòô֮ǰ򹬼ǸҲɣʵ
ЦЦЩ˼˵ңʱҪҪЩڴʡаɱаˣԵֳ벻Ҫֲǡ
һЦ˵Ҿ;Щ̫Ծ˸ʶĵǽʱȴҰһΪأԭϵٰܼģѵϵܸ˹Ⲽõһ֣
Ӧһ˵ⶼõģ򹬵飬Ҽٰ߳û潫Щ˳ȫնɱֻôһڡָűĥҵǸɮ
ϵܵıΪʡصֵΰһصͺˮʥ̵ڴʡĴƵɱŵĸ֣Ҳڸ֣ЩͬȣӰȥ٣ʼҲǵټϵ֣ܳǰŴʡĽ˳һڶ޲ڵ
СӣϷûп㣬ȷǸɴĲϡͻȻǰҸ첲һ¡
æһأɫϣˣϴұϾֵݣϽǬ˱ҰлңҲܹȫ˵ΪҲܵĪǣкܲζ£û
ȴ˰֣˵ȥˣͲҪˣϷڲǺö˶˵ô
Ͽʮָ˵ӡ
˵Żɫ֪ͺһԵǿ˵СŸ磬ɫˣϻҪʱĻȥʲô飬ǻȥ˵ɡ
ӦһϹ˵лλʱϵֵܻûΣգҪͻȥձصŰݷá
˵˵Ҳһûаʲôæʡصʱӭϵܴݹ١˵
ЦЦȻóذףͳǺɮ˹ȥЩûһöǲڵģЩʵģҲȥˣǻеŵҳһ亹ҪΪϻ
ֻҸҪ֣ͻȻǰһһסҵĸ첲Ц˵ˣ˽ɣôһˣǻʳһЩʲôڴʡ׻˶֡
ҵ˵ͷҲǣЩ¶ͽصȥɣҸ˵ʳʲôҪ飬ǵøҴ绰
ҲӦҴˣ˻׼Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻӭЦ˵ˣϵܣղŸǺɮ׳Եʲôôܸܲһ


1876 ԽԽ
һ㶣Ц˵ֳص黹Щϵֶαƹ
ЩεһЦ˵ЩرӲòһЩֶΣб޻ﻹûжҩ裬ܸܲһЩ
ϵľתιǵѦС߸ҵģԼõĵҩÿˣҶȥѦСҪ
£ҿѦСߣѦС΢΢һЦһҩƿݸ˵ҩתιǵһţҩЧ֮ʱٰѸֵͬʱιǸһ㣬Ѱܣʱһ׻ʹֳá
ʱǰһִѦСߵнӹ˾תιǵЩ˵ǺҶȵѦңһ˶ҽȻܹóҩʵĺš
ҩ֮˱ǣ뿪˴˴ɽ£֮ҵǵĳӣǳȫӵĿۡ
³ӣֻ߶Ǳ㳯ɽȥ
ɽɽǰʱ򣬷ɽſվһȺϵΪ׵ıɽƽˣŵǸĳϡ
һ棬˱ӭǰԵЩ˵ɽ·飬ƶղŶ˵ˣҪȥ֧ԮǣǴʡصֳ֪ƶѾˣƶٴεȺλһʵǴģƶɽлλ֡
˵ţ˳һ
ô˵ҲǳĸĴæһ˱λɽǰĴӵ֮£ɽŵķȥ
һ·ϣһ֮ǰЩǹļһʬͯĺɮ˵ɫ䣬Щߵ˵Ща̫عˣڻĵĽǽõģЩȷ޼ɵɱ޹ʵǿɺޡ
һ·˵ţǱɽķ֮У߳ļƻѾɣԷȫ˱㲻ˡ
£˸ҽɽĳϣҸоǣɽﾹȻкܶС
˽һ֮ҲףɽĶ츣֮ڲֻһĵӣ⻹кüɣֻɽͷ̫һЩѡ
幬ĵӣ幬ºѩɽµĴС
Щɵĵӹһ츣أĵദҲг˵ɽĶ츣֮бѾǧˡ
ͦ˼ˣǸɵĶ츣ؾǲȾָģéɽˣɽȷǲһ񣬲·ƣԼõʱɽʦػȣʵǸȵˡ
ɽĶ츣֮УԼɽĴãһãһҲǸЩûʶһ£Ǽڽ֮ϴ˺ü꣬ҲЩǶʮֿύ
һ֮ǼҲ˲پƣѦСȴûеǴŻлص˷ҽơ
ڻǺɮʯƬҵ˺óʱŽ⿪ĽͷһˣҪָһʱˡ
԰˾ϯǼ˱ҴҸϻ˷ҵѦСߣһϻѦС߸˵ϻʯƬѾ⿪ˣҪһʱ䣬Ӧܹ
õǾѾǲеңһϻ͹ҵˡ
ԺԸЩ˵ʱ򣬻ҪСľһЩУϾǶǵаǲ˽⣬ԺҪκε֫Ӵǡ
ڷﶺƬ̣㱻ǿڵļ
ϣҵңɫЩƺʲôҪ˵ұ˵лֱ˵ͺãڡ
һɫСţôо찵ɱǵЩЩ̫Ǻˮʥ̵ˣûָо
⻰˵һ㶣ϸһ룬ҲЩ̫Ծˮʥ̵˴඼̩ĺɮаϹһЩ֮ǰɽʱЩҲˣһΰɱǵ˴󲿷ֶǼկǱߵ֣ҸеɻǣԷľѻֶǰ˺ͺˣԾǴרҵĹӶǵǹ׼γ˺ܴѹ
ǰЩˮʥ̵Щ̫һ
ҿɣɫǻʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ׼ܾкʲôıƵģ췢飬Щ㷲ڵľԽԽˣЩһҪС¡


1877 ǿļ
һСĽǼϸࡣ
ҸоҲпҺеˣǺˮʥǶкܴҲկεȵأһЩկĺɮҲΪ棬Ȼ֮ǰɽûгֹ˵͵ܹҲпܡ
ҸһϢˡ
ڶһ磬о˹Ȼȥһ֣ʺǸ½ͷĺɮʮ˴ȻȥҪϽ𲧽ǺɮԴҳɶԣ˵콭ʮˣԵ˵һδͷ˵ʲôҲҪӸһ
չһο˵ǼѾˣǸɮڵĺܲңֶϽţȸҺݺݵһذףѦСߵľתιǵʰһʡصˣûʲôùӳԣٲҪǹӶ
˵һвǽ
ߵȻ˽ᣬǼ˱㲻ɽˣ˼ҵĶ츣֮ڣôҲ񻰣Ҳ£ԼԼۡ
Ҫ뿪ɽ³صʱǿҵǣ˵ϻҪһʱ䣬˳;棬ҪȻȥҲã˵ͦģҲôн
ǿһʢ룬ǼҲ˼ȥҲûʲô飬ԾʹӦ
ڻѹĵһ磬Ǳɽƽ˴УȻǿ˶츣أɽӣֱǿϼҡ
ǿɽ׼ҵӣ˵ͽܣԲþɽϣȥɣҲǺ鷳
˳ֱ֮˱ĴɽȥɽĽ£һƬܴլԺǿļңȥʮ
ʱǲ֪ǿļҲһԺգ˵ĵҲԭġ
ԭǿүү֮ǰɽĳϣֻǺ˼˲ʼį̫ϲɽƶһ˱˳ɽ˼ңɽҲ̫Զ
ɽϵݣ֮󣬱ɻķˮ˲̫ʱһټļҵҵĲҵǿĸڴǿ˵ǼҪģڵĲԺȲСʵɷˡ
һǿļңǿǼһүүүүǰɽʱĵŽˣɽƽһֵģҲʦֵܵĹϵ
ǿǿүүĹϵ˵ͽܣҲҡ
ǿүүаʮˣʮ壬Ź⣬·ƮƮģлһǸʮߣǼ˶ʮֵĸˣǵ̬Ҳ൱ѺãһͰ׵ģ
үӺ˼һһסǵ֣˺һӣǵļͳҲʮ˽⣬ס˵źη
ҵֵʱ򣬻ҼصӣЦǸүģϷʱҼһ棬µһ֣׻˵Ȯӣǰĺ˿϶ҲȥҼǿܹύһȺѣСҲ˴ˣԺǵļҡ
˵ţүӱǴɤк˸ϽžϯҪǼ˺úõƴƴ
һˣһȺƴƣүҲǿˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣǸ˺ѵʱ򣬴ﻹ߳һŮǿк˹Ǵкǿǵĸ˵ŮգɽϵŮҲδŵϱڶ꣬ʱǺϲơ
պһһкģʮ崿ɰҲǸʮֲŮȻɽϵŮǿ϶ҲǸߣΪȥҲܲӡ
üһѦСҲ꿪飬ǿҲ꣬һҪϲƣҲǺܲġ
˽ţԴҹ˲ŸϢȥ
ǿңʵǸдһϢĺûһֱѦСԱӦţеָĺܿ죬һڣϻܹˡ
ڻһʱ䣬Ҳûţû¶ʱ򣬾͵͵ȥҸû˵ĵطҵ콣ڰʽѪơ
һںĳһ賿תһû˵ĵطУûУͻȻоЩ̫Ծоһ˫۾͵͵Ŀңʱҵľ裬±㶯ԦľȥѰ˫۾ˡ


1878 ҼС
߸ոжԷˣȻ䣬Ҿ;һߴ˹һΣɵı㿪ȥȻɻǣǰǳҴģǴҵһ໮ֱ˲ԶһϣҳһۣһöҶɵ滹һŵõֽ
˿ԷǹҪҵģҴʲôϢ
˿ѾЩӰˣǶԷһȦףһذ׻ֽϱ˹ƶǽͷ֮Ķһ˱˵С
ϻһʵʵĽѵ
£ֻǳϵֽһۣȻ߶Ԧľһ˵ķλ
ǸһڳҴһ֮󣬽űٵĳߵķӴˣٶȺܿ죬ôһĹѾԶ
ԦľͲľ֮ҲܵһƵģԽԶЧԽһЩ
׿⣬ֻ֪ȴЩľ
ҲѾ㹻ˡ
£Ҷ˵һΣ㶯ٰ˲ֶΣǸӰ׷˹ȥ
ڵٰ˲ѾԸһЩʮĸֵسɴеһƴˡ
ٰ˲һһ֮ڿת߸λֻ輸Ϣ֮䣬ұѾ˼׿⣬Ȼ㿴һˣ߶·񱼡
ΪоҲǺܸߵӣֶҪ͵ϮңǸûʲôˣҲʮֺ棬Էʲô·Բϼӿٰ˲ֶΣǸӰ׷ȥ
ǺһܣһЩŵĻͷҿһ̣Ѿǰ棬ĳһâţ궸ȻָǸˣҲҽ֣Ҫһߣһֳ̱ǰٴָʵʲôˣ˵ҿɲˡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪߣֻһܣұ߶ԦľΧĻĲݷ賤ʱ˵˫Ȳסʱ˲ųһѿסֽŵնϡ
ʱѾǰһؿڴ˹ȥ˵ֶβǺǿҹУ㱻һ˳ȥٴεߣӦĲϡ
һΣ˵Ҿɱ㡣ٴв
ȥҸֽ֪ˣҲΪѡһЩϵ΢ôһ˿˿Ϥȴ벻˭
£ֱ㳯˵ץȥҪϵָȻһ㣬ֱȥתҪߡ
ЩŭΪҲҶɱô
Ҳ㲻ǵѣʱ붯ɱһɱˣھˡ
ٴҪߵʱһ߷˵ϵһʯͷֱӴĽ״һƺߣ˵˵ϣʱٴǰһȥ㽫˵ָ˳ȥ
ȻһŽ˹濴ҡ
Ŀ֮ʱһ˿ŵȷЩ죬ô벻ļˡ
֮ǰ𣿡ҿߣһ¿˵
̾Ϣһ˵ˣȻʶĿϷûʲôˣ㻹δ֮ǰݸǼһ棬ǱҼСլģʱˣլ˼죬Ϸֻǳ¼ҵһˣ㲻ǵҲ
ͷһæѿڶЩ˵㡭ǳˣ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ǰǼһ棬һƤߡ
£ҵļ糱ˮһӿ³зֶʱ򣬸üɱ£ҷ˷һ㶯˷ӡڵеԹһնɱһصˣ޷ܷ֮һ߻ħʱ켰ʱ֣Ҿ£ֽҴݸһլˣʱӦݸǸլ
һ뵽ЩæջеĽ꣬˺һȻֽ߸һ֣˵ԲסǰղСçײײ˼ң¡
˰ˡ֪ϷҲǳֵçײ⣬СһЩҲӦõġ˵
߿ǶҺۣûн˿̶ȷǿࡣ
֮ұ˼ң³ݸôǲʲô飿
üͷһ࣬̾Ϣһ˵ȷҪ飬æҼС֮ġ
һпöûм죬ѵʲô鲻ɣЩ޷Գֵһץסߵĸ첲ôˣ


1879 
߿һۣƺЩɣȻ󲻴ʵҺûҼС˵¼ҵһЩ
˵һЩ˵ǳ¼ǳĺˣѧԨǽһʮصҡҵ
ߵ˵ͷȻʵҼСûи˵Ҽ̫ү˭
һûʱΪ飬ɽֱֵϵ׷ɱҵʱ򣬳Աţ˵̫ү鲨үүг壬һ챨֣ɽǼλϵʱɫǳˡ
һһصȡӵж¯֮Ӥʱ򣬺Ҳ̫үʲôóȥӵж¯֮ӤģƺЩӡ˵Ǽ̫үԤ֮Щ֮һҲĪֻϧһγҲһصλУҪСҲͲˡ
£ҳһֵС̫үг鲨һλʮʿˣҴûм
ߵ˵ͷ˵ûмǾͶˣǼүˣҲڽ֮¶棬ΪԴӵ֮𣬱֮ˣ˫޷ֻϣǼүϻ۹ˣڳЩΪĸߣԤⷽ棬ܼ
ҳһ¶ҵǴû˵ͷһΡ
߸˵˰죬ŪЩΣʳˣȴҳǼ̫ү⵽ʲô˼
˵ǰûи˵զˣʲôΣգ
߲˵Ϸ߰ʱҼүӦǰ죬үҼС㣬˵һ飬˵֮䣬һ츣˱Ҳ֮ڵĹ⾰ȻҼүܵ㣬սλöλ˻ɽ˵⻪ɽĶ츣һӰĵˣʱصͿ̿Ѫɺӣɽ֮ǳ¼ҵ֮ڣΪںʱڣɽ˯֮˳֮ΪɽԡڻɽʮأųУ𻯳ɣļ־Сϣǡһ򣺻ɽųȣϣɡɽգ޵ءϣ˵ıǳ¼ҵڡ
⻰˵ԽԽ£ȻȤһǱȽϹĳӵİΣ߲˵϶ǲݵģҲֻӵȴ
һ£߼˵ǱڻɽųУӰɽˣӹغ¼ҵһɽĶ츣ǳ¼ҵҲ͵ͷˣȻһӾ³¼ҲжҲ϶СڣСһ˵飬Ҽ˳ֱ˻ɽⳡΣҼүȴ˵ˣλɽ֮ΣѸģҼС˴һȥҲ֣һֲòȥһɽĶ츣رر᲻¼˱Ҫȫж˭Ҳû룬龹Ȼء
ǳ׵±ˣϸһ˼һеĹؼ
˵ҪԻɽĶ츣زҪˣǱڻɽ£άֻɽ츣غͳ¼ҵˣһɽĶ츣ر˸ˣǻɽǳ¼ҲҪꡣ
˩һϵơ
ԣ¼ұҪ˹ȥȻɽΣ֮УԳүүһͬȥ˻ɽ
һȥˣŻϣʮã
ԡͷҵңĿĺԶ׼ˡ
ǰ˶ˣæʵ
Ѿ͵ɽˣǸһͬģǰŸߣϷҵɽǰ˵
ôҵģҺ
ǰЩɽɱ˺ܶవɱʡŸֵаˣ¶϶ˣҾ֪ɽɽҲйϵһ·طС㵱о֮ķݶϣǼСһѣĿȥҲƳһЩߣǼСƺ㣬Ǹ䵭ӣ̫
ͷѾЩ״ˣ˵˵ţ㳯һ֣Ҫҹ£æס˵ǰǸɶ
ҺˡϷһӳ¼ҵˣҲ뿴ų¼Ҿʹ˶ˣСҿųģͬŮһ㣬Ҫ߼˵


1880 ɽ֮Σ
ǰҪӶж㲻ңֻҪ˵Ҳһȥģľǣһȥ֮϶ȥɽȥһѡϵ˵
߼ĲУסл
׼ҪߵʱͻȻһ飬æֵǰɽѣ֪ʲô˶Իɽ𣿡
ֵ߽ǰҼүѾˣǽؽͿ̿ǸǱǰүСȥǸӵж¯֮Ӥү˳ҪǸǽʬ꣬ǸǸʮֲֿĴڣֻǵʱС㲢δֹŻڵѾˣǸ˱һټʮǰ̵ܶӵʮΪˣѾתʮˣεһصܶաܹ½ķƱɫȷѪҲֻдһˣϷûв´ĻΧɽıһصҲҵͷǰЩʱգΧɽɣֽìͷ׼˻ɽ˻û¶棬Ҽү˵ӦúܿͻˣһصҪһ츣أΪ˸յһݴ񡣡
˵һصôôԾôԭһֱݷڵϣڽ¶棬Ϊص˶ǿĺܽԭΪǰսʬɹϾҪˡ
ЩһصΪ֤ԼǷרŸһ̳֤տǵӺø߿һۡ
һ˵õģ֪ˣھͻȥҵֵȥɽǰҪҪһȥ
ǰ˵Ϸ͵͵ܳģʱæСȴûͬ⣬˵̫Σˣ飬Ϸòף͵˳㣬үûչˣұҪϻȥС
ǺðɣǰأϾͶ
˵ţұ㳯ǰһ֣תͳǿļҵķȥ·ղŵǸطʱ򣬻ǲϵҶɵǰҵţҿһۣǰȥɽȳ顣
ͬСɣҲʮֵأ˿ҵ飬һ·ǿﱼ˹ȥ
ҵǿеʱɫѾЩˣֱܵ˯Ǽӣһһ
һﶼ˯ԵɵɵģҽȻЩ̫⣬׷ҷʲô顣
̫ļİΣˣȴҲ֪ΪʲôôҲûʱǽֻͣ˵¶ˣǸϽ˵
һｫ˵ɫÿҲæٵ׼֮ڣԭԵɵɵ˾Ժ
ʱǿүүҲˣ첽˳
СŸ磬ʲô飬컹ûءǿ˵
Щ飬ҪȥɽһˣȥˡҼ
ǺãҲȥʰһ£һȥǿʶǸɶȥҪһȥ
㻹Ǳȥˣǿмҵˣһȥʮգܾܿͻزˡҵ
ǿӸһ߰ɣûҿСӻ۵ĺܣӦöǳȥֵ
ܼҲ֪ػ˽͵үӣҲǿȥʵ̫ΣˣһβǿȥãѦСҲȥҪ
˵СţǶֵܣиͬͬƾʲôȥãȥãҪȥһȥЩΪȼܸһ𴳵κòˣɲܶҡ˵ˣҲǷһԱһ֪ζԸ׹ƽͷ˭ʰˣѦСЩ˵
Ļ䣬ǿֵС߸˵ǣǶȥһҲ١
֪˵ɶҲˣＱĲУҲͲٸǷֱ棬ֱӻ˻֣˵Ǻðɣ׼һӣһȥɽ
ǿѦС߶һϲ˴ǱˣǿӼһ񳵣ʻңֱ˸١
ڳϣɱһҾΪʲôôżȥɽұ㽫ǸҵǼ˼򵥵˵һ顣
ˣǳ̫үǰ㵽˻ɽ֮ΣһصҪԻɽ֣үүѾǰ쵽˻ɽ֪ΣιȥǽȻɽ֮Σģ˳㽫үүȳ
ڳ飬֪Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪ϴΪ鱻һΪ飬Ҳ᲻ܵġ
˵εĿһص˵ɫٴֻлв˷ܵĦȭƣ˵ҪǺúõĸһܡ


1881 ı
ɽֳΪ֮һλʡУءԥƺ޽㴦Ͻ룬ƺӣԭ֮ŻɽɽεأǧٳϿ롢ӷջʮվ֮أΪµһɽɽ壬峯зŮϷ㣬̨ʱ򡰻롰ͨãɽԶ֮״ɽ
ȻЩֻеĻɽɽ֮⣬һɽǻɽĶ츣֮УĻɽеҵ֮ʿأ츣еĻɽеĻɽҲ࣬оһӰһ㣬Ƕ츣еĻɽȻҪԣʺС
һصεĿǻɽɡ
ҽ߿еõϢ˵һ֮󣬳ϻ֮⣬˽Щǡ
ɣƬ̣˵һһصͺˮʥһͬϣҪɽĶ츣أǸƻˣһΧɽ֯ĽܣƻҲʮ꣬һעڸѪ͸Ϊֲֲó¼ҵǸ̫ү㵽ɽĶ츣ؽᱻ˵٣Ҳûпܵġ
ôźãǲҲҪ׼һ£չʵ
ͷ˵ƾ⼸ˣҪԸһصͺˮʥ̵ˣ϶ЩƵﵹһ취ܹԸһصһпܽһټ𡣡
ʲô취ͬĿɣʮ־档
ܼඣص˴绰˵һص׼Χɽùٷи׼ʱǿǿ֣ԷһֲҲûпܣҪСˣСŸүүԶԻɳһЩǿ߳ҪȻһòϡ˵
⵹ʧΪһð취ֳɵĶ򵥵İ취ãȷЩ˷ѣٷԴ࣬ǳܹɳĸֳ֮⣬ܹ÷ɻڣЩΣǹ˻ɽҲһ
뵽ұӦܿ͸үүһ绰ȥ
绰˺ü㱻ΰƽͨˣһͨұЩеʵ޴磬үүأ
ֳڿᣬæĺܣǳˣ绰ǲ֪һЩʲôΰƽ˵
ʲô¶Һʵ
˵ʡĻɽˣڼĴڿᣬоô飬СҲΪɣΰƽ
ҳһΪ֪ģû뵽ѾõϢ
һ֮ҽ˵⻹ˣڸɽأ֪ͨصȥɽ֧Ԯһɽ鷢ĺͻȻɽ챻˸ˣص黹ûеõϢ˼ˣǲȥɨս
ΰƽЩܻ˵һص̫ƻˣڻĸĴɱɵĸ֣ɢصעȴ͵͵ľۼһڻɽͻȻϮʱһֲڲصĸǰɽأǹȥҲãôո֣ܸӣԼȥ֪ˡ
Ҷʱһ£ɶһصѾˣ
ϰҹʱ򶯵֣صֶɢ˸ȥЩɱɵˣû뵽ȴһı̫ˡΰƽ
ҺɶΪǺˮʥ̵Ҫ뻪ģԲŻᵽɱصһ·ԭǶˣ˼Ҹߣı
绰ҴһһŪôɻҲǵĵĲУ߸˵үүѾһ˻ɽҲϾ͵ˡ
ô˵үȾ͸һصһ
񶼹ȥôʱ䣬Щˡ
ڻɽ飬һҲ˽⣬֪ʲôִڣɽȻҲǶ츣أţһȽϵ͵ȴ˽Ϻͺˮʥ̵ߣǾĺ֮ΪߣϣҸү֮һս仹û̫ĵ֡
һϻˣǺ롣
ˣ춼Ƕ֡
£ҵĲУ޲һ¾ͷɵɽȥ
Ƭ֮ұٴʵ޴磬ǻɽڵôˣûбһص˹ƣ
֪Ҳ֪Լȥƾ֪ˣ̫ˡΰƽЩķ˵
һЩʲôǱΰƽǱ˭һæ˵Сţ˵ˣֳҹȥһˣǵɽ֪ˣѾɹȥ˺ܶ֡


1882 
绰Ƿŵȫˣ˽һãȻɫ
صǵĶ죬֪飬һѾŻɽ˲صĸֹȥ
ΰƽɽˣΰƽԼҲ˵
ҪôƣҪôûƣҪһ𰸲ǣ
ΰƽȻҲ֪ص鱨һڲǾȻ֪Ǹʲô
Ҫȥɽ¿һ֪ˡ
ǣǼӿ˿ٶȣһ·ɳ۶ȥ⴨ʡʡͲԶʡ磬ˣҵ֮Ѿ߸Сʱ֮ˣҲٶȣ˸٣ֱУȻһ·ɽȻŻɽʮʱ򣬵·ͻȻһȺȫװ侯սʿһ·ϣó·
ȻǵĳҲЩ˸ˡ
ɽֳ϶ܴҪȻҲ·ľ߳
³һ£Ϊʲô·һСսʿ˵⸽ʮΣյĺˣǹ֧ʮΣգڷԲʮ֮ڵ·ˣڳ˼ٸɽҰǺ˵ټ
ʮֳ֣ҪСսʿ˵ؼٱԼӦö֪׷ʲô顣
·ˣҲӲұսһ绰ǹͨһصˣͨһ£ǹȥ
սȻҲ֪˻ɽΣ˵Ѿ˻ɽЩ⣬ôȥǸطˡ
Ҳûսģﵣĵĳ첻У˵ԺٸͣϽϵ˸ǷС
ս˵˵ӡ
˵绰ûãҲֻӵĹ⾰·ϱ㱻ˣЩСսʿֱӷǹȥˡ
ˣǺð¶һ·˺üˣһһܣֱӱصڰˣսкЩ˱ֱӷǽȥˡ
һ·ǰ˻ɽ羰֮󣬿壬ѾûʲôοˣȴкܶഩɽװĴ߶һľ衣
ǿųƵ˺ɽʱ򣬷ִ˴мٸصڣһȫװؾ侯Ҳٸ֮࣬˴Χˮйͨ
ǽͣĳȺ֮ӿ˹ȥ
һĨڣ֪ʲôҪʲС
ۼһ¾ͷһˣæ˹Ǽصˣһʮĺǰ֣˵ãͬ־ɣʡصĸֳ˧
ȥЩľȻ˵ãֳãǲսֳ֪ͨǹģ
ǽ˧ͷֳ֪ͨģǷŵУ̫ˣ˵ͬ־һصͺˮʥ̵зǳḻս飬ǾͿˡ
ֳڵʲôܸܲ˵˵ôȥɽĶ츣֮أɻʵ
һѾҴȥֳֵܾ¾¾ֳ˵˵ɣʵҲЩæңûʽǽ˧Щִٵ˵
Ҷʱˣ⵽׸ʲôһͷǶһۣ˽Щ磬Ǹǽ˧һǰȥ
ȺǺܿͽǰ棬ǰλһʱİ칫ǰ칫Աż쵼ģˡ
˧ߵǸطһ¾ֳһʮͷվǿ˺ݣЩҵɽװͷЩҰףʮֺãüëŨһֲŭ֮С
¾ֳͬ־Ƕˡǽ˧˵
¾ֳһ۾Ϳңæǰҵļһ£ǺһЦ˵үү˵üأǳһ˲ţܲСӣܹæǾ̫ˡ
ǰλ¾¾ֳֵĴУүүһģϵӦò
ǿĸ䣬Ȼֱ⣬˵¾ֳʲôΪʲô˶ȥŻɽˣ
¾ֳôһʣɵüͷǵҪȥǽȥ˺üҪǻɽĶ츣֮УȫѶֱʧȥϵҸоӦΧŻɽĶ츣һʮķרֹص˽ģϵ棬ɳרҵԱôȥɽķҪƵġ
ҳǰ濴һۣǰΡĸɽһţʲôӣҼĶˣһ㶼аߺƣǰʲôûС


1883 
һǰʱ䣬³ռҲľڤɱ
ǸΪֲһɶƲˣǸϹ̴ǴȥǸ
ǰˣ͸ģκε
һصĶܴ󣬶ܵķزã˾Ҫɽɵġ
ڻɽĹһȦҿʵûпʲôߣǰûзôûأ
һҲǰһۣҡҡͷ˵ķǿʲôģֻеУŻ֪ǷգҪ֪ʲô󣬱Ҫȥһ֪
Ǿͱ𵢸ˣȥһưɡҵ
ʱ¾ֳͻȻ˵ӣһЩĺãǶɹȥˣһƾʧˣʬ嶼ûҵǻٵȵȰɣѾ˻صֵֹܾӦûר͵˴ӦǺܿˡ
ǴԼж೤ʱأʵ
ӦСʱ֮ڣ˾ͻ͵ɣѾˡ¾ֳ
Ȳˣѱ棬ڶδСʱ֮󣬻ƻ˶ˡ˵ţҿֵȹȥƣ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ðɣ͹ȥǸϴһ󣬲
Ӧһûüе˱㰴಻סˣ׷վ˵ҪһͬС
ű֮£ɶϷֻǹȥˮģһˣҲиԮһȫԽȥǿԸţҪҺСűʮҵľ룬ҪȻͱȥ
Ȼϴ緢ˣû˻᲻׷׵ͷӦ
ţҡСչѦС߻ǿһˣ㳯ǻɽɽŴķ£˹ȥ
û¾ֳסң˵ӣҸүүϽˣһиʧҲøүүҲգҾһ˰ɡ
¾֣аҪȥˣûסִˣ쵼ǽ˧˵
һͷ¾ֳ˵үӣģǼ˴üˣ鷳Ҳ٣ǰʱ䣬ǻɽˣһö˶˵ģ㰲ĵĴͺãȥȥͻأȥֻʲô󣬿ûƽ֮ʵڲУǻ۷
¾ֳƬ̣¶ɫȻǽ˧˵ɼ˸֣һȥ
˧һкʱصˣǵߣһƣȷǲĸ֡
¾ֳֵӣһҪС£ʵڲоͳһ취
ӦһүӷģλԥĺɣڷǾͨڣ϶Ƕġ
˵֮һ֣ʮ˱㳯ǰ첽ȥ
˴Լ׵ʱҾ͸о̫ԾˣطųӿҶԦľȥΧĶʱԦľȻҲ𲻵κεãֻܸоԴԴϵĵɷ֮ӵص²ϵӿӲ
ǿĵɷ֮ǹɷĹؼ
ҸоˣΧļֵҲӦ˳
ǰɷŻ˽ŲǼǰһٶףȻĽŲͷŻҿӵϼһƴʯͷǰ˹ȥ
һ̣˼ͷˣǿʯͷȻͻӷۣɢֱըѿһ㣬˿龰޲
ֲص֮ǰɳ˶ˣ֮ⷨУֱӾͱˡ
ˣȷʮֲֿķڡ
龰Ҳһæʵʲôô
ҡҡͷ˵Ŀǰȥٿ
˵ţɱֿٵĳһƶ˽ŲҿһΣƶܹʮŲȻдӵϼһʯͷǰ˳ȥ
һΣʯͷǰȻֱڵ֮ϡ
˿һۣɵһϲǿæ˵κû¶
û˵꣬ʯͷͻȻðһỤ̋Ȼƾʧˣһ
ϣȥⷨţȣôоϴǸʲôڤɱҪࡣ
û˵ȻٴƶͬʮʮŲȻһʯͷ涪ȥһΣʯͷǲˣֱεʱʯͷŰȻ˵ϣ˺һûмʯͷκεı仯Ҳͣ˽Ų


1884 ſ·
ʱ˶ʼЩǶ֪취󣬵ȴ֪ôơ
£ȥǿʯͷûκηӦǵȺƬ֮˵Ŷݼ֮νġŶݼסǡ桯šݼסɣ桯ұ棻šݡˡšţݡأססŶݵռҪΪ졢ẉ̂ţ̵ľŹоǣа˹̵İ˹˸λֹҪЩӵԪؼһγһǧ򻯣ʵʵڣֻҪͨŶݼ֮ݣҵţǾͿԽȥҪǳ鷳ˣҪҵ֮С
˶Щɽ֣иԼţЩͷ˵˵ķӵǣҲףֻҪôȥС
ð찡̫ⷨˣһҺСǸڤɱҪӣĻҪʱоһЩüĿ̾Ϣһ˵
죡Ҵһæ㲻ٸҿЦɣʱ䣬˵ɽˣǴ칬Ҳˣһżȥأûа취ȽȥҵȲˡ
ڳδҵԺһֱֳЩҿǷ̫ˣ˵ʲôҲһصնɱҪȻһһӵġ
ҿʱ򣬳ȫȥ֮ʱûǸƤߣöûмˣû뵽ȻĴѡ
תˣĿҵϣȻ˵ҪȥҲûа취ܲܳҾͲ֪ˣȷҪȥ
ҿ϶Ҫȥն˵
һ£ֿˣ˵һ֣Ҿһȥ˭ҪţҲõңֶΣǱڷ֮УҲܹѳôˣ˭ҲҪԡ
һȥǲܵģҸŲУҪȻ㲻ܽȥ
ǺãɡҶȻ
˺ˡˣҪȥһȥҪһī治˷ѸʱֵһҲиӦһ˵ǲǣдֵ˵
⻰һڣ˷׷׵ͷǣЩصļ˳⣬ԵЩԥ
һ˵λֵܣǷǵģǷ֮ⷨһŮ˺üҲܲܲȻλֵԸǰǾһɣһﻥӦ˭¶һһʲôأȲѵʱҺС߸÷ݷʹ
˷׷׵ͷ˵û⡣
ȻֿǼصˣ˵Ǽȥɣ¾ֳ仰˵ǽ뷨ˡ
ЩصȻ֪ⷨգ±˶˵ֱתͷԭ·۷
ǻصҿǵôߣ
аңⱾصְڣλѶҽ֮ⷨУΪǲأһʮĺ˵
λʲôʵ
ҽн⻪ɽɵĵӣߵλҵʦֵܣʦѣҲܲܡ˵
˵ôԭǻɽɵĵӣ±֣ˣܹųһȾ
˵˵ǽһ˵
ұ㳯ʹһɫʱѾóһˣǵһŻֽһ˵֣㳯ǰһк鱦𣬰οΣΪڤΪָ·תǬ
һ䣬ǲͻȻվǰ˹ȥ
һУҼùǾڤɱʱ򣬱һС
ֽ̽·Ǵ˷أҲֽ˴Ϊ˲ʲôһʮֺá
˶ʮ־棬Ǽɽɵĵӡ
ղΣǰ·ӦţǴ߽ȥԣգǾԭ·İ취˵ţ̣ߵǰ档
ҽ󣬳ǰȥ
һﾡųһֱߣǵ߹ĵطȥҲɵĽӡǰУҵĽӡߡ
˵ʵ˵ⷨôֲĪĻЩţŵҴϢ
ǰǲ˴·𿴸ͷһ㣬߶ٶȴʮֿ죬ǲӿ˽ŲţգۼĹ߳˰׵ľ룬һͷʱ򣬶ʱһ


1885 Ӳ
ǰһٶ׵ľ֮䳯һۣʱһԭܹ׿¾ֳصЩˣһͷȥѾʲôˣȫŵİɫݡ
ⷨʮ֮ǰֱ͸ģʲôǽ֮ȴһ磬󣬶ҪЩܹ˿ƣƺһ㣬ûκζ߿ѭ
ˡ
ֻǻͷҴҿһۣұæջĿ⣬¸ǲκεĵ飬һ˷һ֮䣬п治ġ
ұڷ֮ҲǵһΣ֪ⷨĿֲ֮
ǾڤɱХ˵ϸХģطõķӦҲΪû뵽ϲڹƶ֮ڷҲ˵ľͨ
ЩǰŲ˰ҵľ룬ǵ˵ٶͻȻͷŻ
ǰ֮Ųһ٣ɫžԵýͬʱҲ˼ǰǵ˱Ҳס˽Ų
Ҳͣ׷ôˡ
ɻͷһ۵һע˰ѾⷨλãҲΪյһ·̣ʱ߾裬ҿ¡
֪ˣ߰ɡҵ
Ӧһٴβٿǵˣǰ߶һξ룬Ҳʮҵ·̣Ȼ䣬̽·ĵϴһأվﶶϵŻֽͻȻȼȻ˾ˡ
ãߴ·ˡɾһ
ţ֮ⷨеĞųȻ͹磬Ȼ˷ǵһĽͬʱ߷˹
СţϽɾֵĴһ
ʱҺѦСﶼéɽƽ̸ĽɫҾʣˣѦС߼м䣬֣ŽɫķͬʱȼҲ֪ܲһ½ǾŸһȥ
Ҳ˲ˣֻһԡ
Ȼ׼ǽɫʱ򣬻ͻȻһȶ֣
˵ͬʱѾеϽ𲧸׷ɵ˰֮У˲âʢССķֳܿٵֹϽΪģʱ뵳ǿķһȫС
˲Ϣ֮䣬еȫΧһǷ֮¡
жּ죬ϸһչʱϽֵķϣȻ죬Ī
ߣ󻨺дһ߶Ͻ𲧣һ·ǰУȻܲ͸磬쳣ֲҪһȫҪЩ˺һ⡣
ֲ֮ʵ̾Ϊֹ
ڿƶͬʱһͷ˻У˫ŷһ£ȻڳĪѹϽ𲧶ܿٵǰƶ
ȥϻʲôʱôţˣǰϵʱ򣬶Ҫ˫ڵϣоģһܶȴж硣
ڿٵǰƶͬʱұǻеϻʲôʱôˣ
ֻը죬ҾͲеˣҴǽ֮вķ𷨣иأϻˣϽߣҹҲŲס̫ʱ䡣Щ˵
ʱҲЩļˣͻȻһŻֽǰ˳ȥжʱϿٵĴһССĻڣǵֽ˳ȥ
·ָȥһ
ǻֽƿһǹ⣬ָ˷
һϽ𲧵֮ǰ첽˼ӵĹ⾰ܲϴЩȻһգһжƽˡ
Ȼϻɲҷɾ裬Ͻ˵ܡ
ǳ𣿡ʵ
ɳܿһۣҡҡͷ˵ӦûУҾҲˣȻ޷󣬾ֻӲˣϻϽǷʥⱦʲˣĿǰ˵һܹжϳĴ巽λġ
ҵ˵ͷ˻еϻܳס𣿸缸Ϳˡ
һҧ˵߰ɣҾƴһѡ
˵ֵǣƴһˣǰӲһξ룬Ǿܴ뻪ɽĶ츣ˡȫĬĵ˵ͷȻԼ׳
ϻ󺰵ֵܰǡ
Ͻ𲧵֮£ҲܲˣֱӲͷƤǰ
Ȼǰܳ˴Լʮ׵ľ룬ŹֵٴηˣȻ䣬ضɽҡһ㣬оܶڲͣĻζȻµҲѿһĹ֣оʱҪȥһ㡣


1886 Ѫʬɽ
˶ǻֲ̿ѣǼص˸ǾŵĴʱͻȻһﲻҪţ͵һжǻ󣬱۾ǰ壬ֻҪȥһ·ǾͰȫˡ
ӣϹ̽ǵġ
ⷨӺܹã⵽ǲǻҾͲ֪ˡ
ҲֻȻ赲ͽ䵱ǻҲֻˡ
޲ŵĴţǰһ·ֱײ
ǵضɽҡ죬޷ȶֻǿеĿ־壬ҧ۾ڻϽ𲧵֮£֣ǰһ·񱼶ȥ
ãޱȿֻŵĸоĲ̫Ȼ䣬ҾܵĞųͻȻһգҲûֵضɽҡĸоˡ
һֱ̣۾ܿȥ
ȿ龰һ֮Ϻ˵źܶʬ壬µĲݵѾѪȾˣƮɢʮŨѪζ
ϵʬһǴŵ۵Ļɽʿһһصͺˮʥ̵ˣⳡɽࡣ
Ǵ˿ڵĵطӦþǻɽɽŴڵķλ
һ龰˵ζӳ£Լո֮أ㱻ǰѪʬɽĳסˡ
ɽŴǰˣҴ󲿷ֻЩɽʿνǲҲ̶á
û취ˮʥ̵ЩһŲбˣػĵĽأǹеһͬЩڶ츣֮޵ĵʿֵܵסĽһӵȥǾҪһƬ
۾֮󣬷׷׳ܿȥóһʱ䶼û˵ֻ˴ЩصĴϢ
Ƭ̣ѹֵʹȻˡͨһ˵ϡ
һͷȥڵϵǸǼصˣҲ⻪ɽɵĵӡ
ԲʦүһǽһֱӳЩɽɵӵʬſ˼ͷԴĳѪ
磬ڰҪĻҪɽȥɽһˣǾҪֻҪڣɽڣҿʱɽĶ츣صķ粢ûȫƣֻɽŴһЩ©˵һصͺˮʥ̵ļƻûеóѡҿο
˵۾ͻȻһȻȻҧгݵ˵ʦֵǣߣΪͬűʱˡ
صҲվ
гɨһۣоûʲôвʱ򣬱㽫Ͻ𲧸ҿһһΣһƨ˵ϡ
ܹϽסôˣĪѹȫ˳оԹûеľ޴ȻЩŲסˣһ£ڵĴϢ
Ȼ͵иոսϽ𲧸ҵľͿ˼£ͻȻһʮֲõԤУҲ˵Ϊʲô
ʶ䣬ұһȫſ£
ұ˵ϣſʬȺ֮УȻٵշҵշ仹û˷㴫˱һǹ˷ҵֵܸ϶ޱȵĬҵĺ֮󣬷׷׾ſ˵ϣǼص˷Ӧûôˡ
һ˾ôӣ㱻һӵԿǣǶƷʺѪͰɫԽĴŽʬֱͦͦĵȥ
ֻôһ˲䣬ұ˼շ䣬Ȼ仯ϣٵĻ˵ܣסЩϳǴӵ
ӵ͸ҪǮƵģһһĳߴ˹Ȼ졣
ҳ˿һۣʵû
ǳҡҡͷߵǸǶҪϵİΧȦͬʬȴסȥ
Ǹճʱ򣬲ûпһˣȫʬ壬Ҳ֪ЩӵǴðģ϶ˡ
ҲǣطǻɽɽŴܹ˷ҲǴһص϶һ˶Ϻ󣬱ͻȻϮǵЩˡ
˿̣ǱܼӵΧˣҲҳȥ
Һܿ뵽һ취Ǭ˱ｫʦָ˳ϵΧ˳ȥʦһȥʱһͷðľޣЩǵ˳ɱ˹ȥ
ǵӵʱϡһЩһֻ϶Ǳʦָ˹ȥʦϵ֮ηЩӵЩϾҪڻһˮȻӷˡ
ȻתͷѦСߣѦС߶ʱҵ⣬ֱӽϵĻľ˳


1887 ͹
ѦСһ֣㶯ǲľ֮ͬʱҲ߶ԦľͲľ֮ܵĻĲٵգۼĹЩĲ㳤׶ߣֱӽǸסˣǶԷʮ־裬ǺԶڿƲľֶβӵǲǸڡ
һЩ˸ߵĻĲʱסǵΣֻһλЩкӵʱһɣ伣ˡ
ٴξۼһ𣬲ڲݴԵĺ棬ҳ˿һۣ˶һδɫ
һ߱һԷһֲ
ʱȷЩˣӦúúõĹ۲һ¾Ʋǡ
˿̣ǶڲݴУҶҵԺҲ취ԸȺǵˡ
ʵõİ취ǽСȸųŪЩסԷȻٽЩơ
ӣͷʢʱСǳģܳôҵ⣬ҲὫСȵˣá
Ƭ̣ҿ˵θզ죿
ڰܲð찡ҶԷ϶׼һ뷨ʱǾѾǵĴڣ˼أȲܱģס˵ɡЩε˵
ЪϢһһָһЩʱϽٴλʹҳɱȥֻҪ˶ԷһأǱ᷽ҡвһϵĺ˵
ϻҲʧΪһ÷Ǵ߶Ͻ̫ˣһʱ϶ָ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ԥʱ򣬶ȻܵĲݴͻȻҵĻζһæ˵ãԷɱˣ
һ˵˶˳ʱΧһԲȦ֮䣬ü˻ֱӴӲݴԵĺ˳˹
֮УҳǸ˿һۣǸɫ࣬ɫȫǰɫѪܣȫɫģٶȷɿ죬ɫﻹ˿ֲ˻
ôʲô
Һܿͷһ⣬Щ˲ǻˣΪЩϴŻɽɵĵۣЩһص˵Ĵ磬ЩǱʲôаٿţһеĳɱ
Щֲļһ붼û룬ֱӾһɨǧɨ˳ȥһ֮һɫĽɫĽֱӽü˸ն룬ȴûѪʳ͸֤ɱЩȫˡ
һ֣Ҳ׷˷Щ˿ɱȥ
ܿ죬Ҿַһ⣬Щ˲ٿصȻϿʵҲûʲô̫ս֮£׷׵˵ϡ
ɱʱѦСȷһֲ̿ɫֵĴãЩǹˣɹƳٿصģӹƣʬֻΪĹƳ棬һЩ˵أЩƳ֮ʱ
ȥѾĲ˵
ѦСߵĻһ˵꣬ǿڵصЩˣʬ׷ײȻ۾ǿ￪ʼһƬĹƳ棬ЩƳÿʬĶһ򼡢ѡߡ󡡢Ыӡһ㣬һкܶĶҴûмô飬һƬӹͬɫĳˮһ㡣
ֻһ˲ĹǱ㱻ĹƳΧˮйͨ
һиĹƳ泯߷ӿЩ˱˳Ӷ㱻ЩƳ壬˳ӶȻ󱻿ٵķֽ⣬ͷӶûʣ¡
ǻһЩص㳡棬׷ŵĴʧɫ
ʱѦСͻȻϣóһҩۣΧǿٵתһȦһء
˵Ҳ֡
ЩƳЩҩ۵ʱͻȻȻٵʸߣܿһ߶ĳǽ
չʱҲ˻ǰѻ𾫳һɫķǰѻ𾫳ͻȻâһʱһɫĻ棬Щϯȥ
ЩӶʱһƬɫĻȼյž졣
йƳ͹˳߶ЩƳȻѦСߵȥҩۣЩȴ£Щ˳ѣͬʱ֣һһ˳ȥǵսȦ֮С
ڴʱԷٴηǵĲ֮ΪЩƳ͹˵Ҫĵطǲڣ֮䣬ǱһǹٴʱƵĲС
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬻еԴϢٴμϽ𲧣˵ͷϡ


1888 Ҫ
ԷбרǵһҸоܲԾԴǴ뵽֮ⷨһֱԷƣѹŴ˶Щˡ
⻨еϽܣʱʲôΣգҲǳ֮ƣҪ취ƿ⽩ֲС
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬱кܶ˳˹ΧŻֳķϲϵĴ򣬷ֲĽһֽɥʬƬеĸо
ĹˣӦɽŴȥ˶ֽţ˹ƣüٸˣǸΧ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻһʮִ󵨵뷨ЩƳƵʬ壬ܲéɽĿ֮£ȫʱ꣬Ϊҵİأ
ˣֻԲ֪ǷΪʤͻƿڡ
뵽ұ㽫éɽǬ˱˳߶˷ζһ塱죬ΧڷΧЩˣһȫǻᴫȾһ㣬ЩĹҲȫ
ȻЩ˵ϱٵ˺ɫëϸֳ飬Ҳϵָ˲ʮô
һˣΧߵĹһӲʱڣʮ˺ëʬʱ꣬㳯źЩ˹ȥ
֮ûЩ˱ɸߵȼëʬߺëʬΪòţЩëʬԸЩ˱Ѿ´ࡣ
£ʮߺëʬǵΧǵӵеĺëʬȫɱ˳ȥȥԸЩˡ
Щɱһ㣬µڵĹƳ棬һЩ˸ɷ֮ЩʬͻữƳϣĹƳ棬ʮͷۡ
һ¸ôëʬȫһΪ˱̫ģ㽫Ͻ𲧸ǰЩëʬţȻǲӵǴ˹ȫǺëʬסˣǾǵһ۴һ
ص˿Ҹ̣ⷬʱ񿴹һĿңӦǾЩŰɡ
ΧһƬƳ˳ǽϵӿ죬˸оͷƤ飬ѦСȥЩֹƳҩۣ˿Խ
Ȼ䣬ӲԶɽϴ˼ҽУ͸϶ҳǱ߿ȥɽ֮ͻȻ˼⣬ȻܿϨ
϶ǶʦҵһǵˣѾʼɱˡ
Ƿʱ
Դӽ⻪ɽĶ츣ԺֱʣȫǸ±ˣһûзӦʱסţҪطС
£Ҹʹһɫÿ˶һߣ׷ʹԼֶΣʼʰЩĹƳ档
һұ콣еĻһһɫĻӽ¶ŹƳȺϯȥĹƳ汻ɫĻϯϣƬƬĹƳ汻յž죬һƬ̿
չĻ𾫳ҲǲϵķɫĻεض𣬽ЩƳ˴Ƭ
ûлģҾýһȥҲɱƬĹƳ档
ȻЩƳɲɱһѪ·ЩʬĻ֮£ĳһ첽ȥ
˼ĳ뿪Ƭʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ҿڷɱţһɱһ߳߿ٵƶ
ҶһǰǻðĶʦ֣ڶʦֺ׷ŵһֻɫĵͻǿ첽
һֻͻҶʱ˹ֻ֮ǰ׻ϵģ˵ǵ֮бȻǰ׻ϡ
ʦֲӣǵߵİΣԳ˹
ҿǰ׻ϵĻʱͻȻһȣץסҵļ򣬽һѳ˳ȥȻϽ𲧵ǵǰ
ǡ䡱һ죬һڵ֮ǰǰǾߺëʬϣֱӽ˳ȥȻһӴײ˹
леϽ𲧵ţҺϷҲĵ˳ȥ˫˫ڵأĶĤ죬ǰһΡ
һһ˻Դ򻨺еʱ򣬶ǰӰ
СšСšץסҵļ˻Σڴʧ״̬лع˵ˡû¶
ţҴӵܿȥԼܹ׿ĵطкܶӰڻζ
үģ۸۸Ѽˡ
޺޵һ䣬Ȼתͷ˵ǣһȥȽЩǹڵȫ


1889 ڲڴ
ҵֵȻ֪Ҫʲôʼղǰ취
Χٸ˱Էţһɷ֮ҪصĹƳ泯˹ܻкܶǹڵ˶ǻ񣬲ϴǹҪЩĲڵǵΣΧô鷳ţǹҪкܶ˶ǹˡ
ֲǣǾȻ˻ڣҪˡ
ԣҲòϣԴУЩƳ˹ƴȫûκ壬ҪɱȥȽвЩǹڵȫɷڵأȻļƽϡ
Сĵ㡣һۣ˵
ӦһȻͷһˣű߶ٰ˲һΣ㳯ӵΪܼĵطɱ˹ȥ
һ׵ľ룬ٰ˲ȥٶȺܿ죬ԷҲͻΧ˴ţӵȫߴ
ٰ˲ڵλ˲䷢ƶ׼ҵķѾλͬһ㡣
һ׵ľ룬Ҽӵʱ㱼ߣһʯѺ棬ſʮǹĹӶģˣڴĺţ˵ǹǹȥˡ
һ󣬲Щ˷ӦеĽ͵˹ȥ翳вһף㽫Щ˵Դȫն
Щ˸֮ǰڴʡɽЩӶ϶һ磬Ӧͬһˡ
͵նɱһȺ˵ʱΧЩ˶ʱ׷վǹеٴζ׼ҡ
һʱǹ뷢Щľæһ˲Զһʯ棬ЩӵʯͷϣȻ죬ʯмɡ
һ̣ҹ׼Щ˵ķλֱӱ㽫еĽ˳ȥ
һõ콣нߵʽý껯ǧӰЩֶȥ
ʱұ˽Ĳҽߵӵʱһɡ
ұǽ껯ǧӰ֮ٵתʱЩǹļһȫһ⣬ʮֵѪȲҡ
Ѹ˳˳ȥȻֽǬ˱еͭǮ˳߶˱ͭǮҵͷ֮ϣǱͭǮԽԶͭǮҲԽ࣬ұԱߣһֽеʱͷϵͭǮѾǧƺƵ죬һָ߶ЩͭǮЩصɽͷܼĺɨ˹ȥ
ҿԷǹ˶վ׼߿ǹʱ򣬶Ȼ俴ͷ֮ϣããһƬͭǮһȫɵˡ
һ̣Щ˾ֵĴſʼɢӱܣѵأ
ۿЩͭǮЩѹȥʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һźɫϢ˳һڴһ£ͭǮǰ棬ЩͭǮһ±ǿڴ֮Уʯһ㡣
ȻǺɫϢɵͭǮ֮󣬶ȻЯһ磬Ʈ˹
үģʲô
ǺɫϢѹͷ϶һƬ
ǲʲôֻҪɷ֮Ҷܹʰˡ
£Ҵ˷ʬߣֱվƬһĺ㸲˹ҽеķʬֻ΢΢һ̧Ƿʬĩ˵Сҵ˸Сٵ˸ź㱻ҵķʬ˵ɡ
ɾʱǺȻһգһɾ޴˺Ҵǰһ꣬ȻǺͻȻʧˣٴγǰ濴ȥʱ򣬷ǰ֪ʲôʱͶһǸһصİ׻ϣһڲڴĿң˵ԩ·խּˡ
˷ʬߣ˰׻ϣǰҿ׻ϵʱŵǵͷܣʵûиһսȴȻǰ׻ϻһҵĶ֡
£еĿǰ׻ϣ΢΢һЦ˵ǲԩ·խèŵ˺ӵζһ·׷ˡҲ֪һصЩԲôģǲȫô񾭲źúõӲôϹڣĽ·˶ϽܹԿĹٷʵܹĹǹԭӵ
ߣǰ׻һЩ˵ȸ֪֮־һ֪Сֶʲôһصǰ޷ĵĹٷ⣬ȴһˣǵܶϾҪˣԼʮΪǿִ£ʱǵﶼٻ󡭡


1890 ɣ
ҡڡһ̲סЦ˳Ҳ֪׻ôģǰ޵УûܹƵסôʲôˣ˭˰һףҪǿӲֶƹģǶѾϸ͵ˡ
׻ϿҴЦֹʱҧгݵʵЦʲô
ЦΣһصǲǻ٣ƾǰյʵ۰ȻһǿԪѫǰɣô񾭲ŭ˵
ЦɣҿЦʲôʱ򣬷ҪˣСθʥԣɥȪ֮գЩѣҲһ·׻ֵ
Ĺһۣ֪УҵֶһȺˣЩ˱㲻ЩӶǰˣǺܶһصĺˣкˮʥ̵ĺɮԼһЩι״ˣԾܿЩ˿϶ǻˡ
˵ʵǰЩˣ˰׻֮⣬һû̫
Щ׵ĸѡ
ٴЦһ˰׻ϣ˵ƾЩˣҪɱֵܼ׻϶ǲ̫߿Լˣ
ټأһʮұ˹ʱһ
һͷȥʱ򣬸һ
ҼֱԼ۾վǰľȻһˣʧ˺üԬ
һ·׷ɱصͨ˵˽ǣЩһû뵽ֳϣܹԬӰ
ʱԬѾһʮҵˣüĿƤܰף˵ЩҰףҲʮָһװ˵Ĵֻü֮䣬һĨ֮ɫȥʮֵᡣ
ܹԵĸоǰԬѾǰǸԬȫһˣҲΪôֻǿɣһֳ֮УоϢӦóһϣһ֣ҵ˼£һʮֲԤС
Ԭߣվһȫź۵ŮӣŮҲʶһҸ׽͵صУֻ˵ǰʱ˳ɱ˲صĸ֣Ȼ֪٣ܵ˽ǣȥͶԬˡ
Ů˱ԬСʦꡣ
ʵҲ󣬵ǿ϶ҪԬ߰꣬һһӣһСкĹ⾰Ǵ˿ȴûпǺӵĴڡ
£ҳǳɨۣʱֳԾСഺĳ꣬ȴҲ֪ΪΣʱ˺ܶ࣬ͷѾĻףҲ˺ܶƣоһʮ긾Ůһ㡣
಻ʮ꣬żĹ⾰ûôӣЩš
Ԭꡭҳ˵
ҵһ˺öˣּˣô꣬ÿ춼㣬ʱ޿̲㣬һӶԬ˵
ȻԬͳʮֵ⣬Һܿ侲Ȼһ£Ц˵ԬҾҵˣ˵ôģϱأѵͲԴ𣿡ԬͻȻҲ΢΢ЦֵΪÿ춼㣬һһ붼˷ѣԼһҪǿһգҵ㣬ὫǧˣãˣĻˡ
ϡҲ·ͷƾ㣬ҲɱңֱǳΡҼЦ
ǻû֣ô֪ҲĶ֣ҲĶ֣ҵǧǧֵڣ˵ǲǰ
Ԭ˵ţͻȻ֣һȺȺһֽ֮Щ˵ҪмٸЩǹЩǺɮĴ磬Щͨ˵װģͲ̫ǻߵˡ
˲ҾһԬڽǻĲֵôһƱˡ
£ұЦ˵ԬĿ԰ֵôһƱֵܡ
ͷԣǶɣģ˾ҵˡԬ
꣬ҲһһѪ˳ȥʲôϱǳôɣѵɣŮ
һΪԬţȺ˵Ƕƿ֮أԭ˵ġ
йѪġ
ܿ죬ҵһһ飬æЩӶģɽǵЩӶҲ㰲Źȥģ
Ԭ˵ͷ˵ֻҪǮƣʲôԣЩӶȫһǮģҲǣΪ˼㣬ҿǲð


1891 ǿҵĺ
Ԭ˵ЩǻлҺ֪ʲôڴʡɱɸ֣Ȼ󻹻ɱ˶жˣǿҹȥæ
ȻɽɱһصΧүү֧Ԯɽɡ
Ҳɽɵ˹ĿҲܼ򵥣ʵΪʲô´壬ҲΪרŸһصԣΪ˾һŮˣһжŮˣһҵʮҪŮˡ
ǸŮ˾ǳ졣
ѲһеıʶԬСӰųģ
£ҰԵһһԬŵĻСӵĻ̫ˣƻһһܲ͸磬С
Ϊ֤뷨ұʵԬеһж㰲źͼƻģɱˣ
飬Ԭǵһ˿ЦݣȻ˵ҰŵģЩ꣬һһȫĳһĳһĳһʲô飬ʲôѣʲôŮˣȫ֪˵Էʺ֮⣬ȫһ
û뵽һ˶һ˵ĺ⣬ȻǿҵֵزֱЩ̬ˣһ뵽˫۾ڶңʱҾûð硣
Ԭ⻰ţĳɷҲȽϴҪ˵ʮֹעһʱڵĶ϶û⣬Ҫʱ޿̲ڼңǾǲܵġ
ڵΪڞųƿʮеģԲ֮ڣڣΪĸڣҶܹ׵ĲǶԷҸүǰĴڣҲӰҲܣҪԬܹҵҸүĸּңǻҸʲôֱӽҸɱ˶͵ˣ
ֻ˴飬ǾԲҽӽҵġ
뵽һ㣬ұ˲٣ֶԬô꣬ҲΪˣų޹ӣһɵ飬ܿͽˣһ뿪ġ
˵ԬžͿʼļϵļھƵĶ۾˲ɵԲָҵˣһѣɱҵʦɱҵʦҸСʦһӣҺü궼һ޼ҿɹĹһǺǵĺӣʦ㣬֮нһУȫǰͣһô꣬Ҳô꣬ÿζε죬һ뵽ܿͻҽʹģҾ;ǰܵЩȫֵˡ
ˣĲһңһҲʹġˣҲҲ㳶ôûõģһ⣬ǲģģҼ˽꣬ʵ
һ˵ԬٴЦƵ˵˵Ǹ椶¼ǽ㳤ÿĸǺõһǰ͹̴ȣҵЩֵһǴˮ˳ģһҵֵǺúõźġ
ôϻأԬɹļŭңҵŭ˲ȼ
ʵ˵˰ɣÿһŮҶҪŪ㻹ǵǸ𣿾Ҹ⣬ϵһص°ߵģҲģΧɽ飬ҲҸһص⣬Ϊ˶ԸŮ˻㣬˳ʰ⻪ɽɣʲôƨɣǧţ컹һǸ˽¡ԬЩʵЦ
һʼԬʱҾ֪СһݺӵľУĺ˵˼ܣļǿΪ˴ﵽԼĿĸǿԲֶΡ
Ҳò˵ǣ̫ˣһжƻ޷죬֪ϸһͬԸҡ
Ԭ֪ƾһпܲҵĶ֣Բһصͺˮʥ̵֣нصİա
ǱôãԬΪĥԼצΪ˸һ
Ϊ̫˽ˣһֱûзɶԬ׷ɱصȫͨСӻӵ˽ǣķˮ
ԬЦ⣬еŭʤҲ֪쵽ˣǲ˵Ǹӣܵʲôص˺ҷģҾƴҲҪ˶ᡣ
ʵȥԬµ˵ķܶʷͼƻˣ½һһл㾦㳯Ԭ˹ȥ
˿̣ҵ˷ȫˣкüٸܺܶжǹҲûҿǹң˾ͻɥԣֵȫЩŷļһųɱ


1892 Ҫ
Χˡ
ΪԼܹɱһѪ·Щǹڵļһȫֻǻûüٴα˸Χˡ
Ƴ˹ƣбЩΪµĴڣвǰ׻ϺԬˡ
˵ʵȻڵΪ˺ܹܶ࣬䳤ϸɱˣǰ׻ϵΪҪ䳤֮ϣӲӲĸ䳤ϸһܣ˭˭ӮûжټԬҲ˽ʵжǿҲһвܴĴڣ˵ΧٸһصԬˡ
ⳡӲ̶˵ʮֵĲͻȴӦЩ˹ƺ͹Ƴ棬һʱҲ޷ԮǶӵĲٶˡ
ԣұȷˣһл㾦ͳԬ˹ȥԬȷһЦ˲ͽķɻ˦˳ܣӲĽסһУú¡һ죬Ԭ
ֻһ֮£ұССĳԾһ£ҵΪѾͻͽزһл㾦ͣСӾȻɻֱ£ɼΪҲ˺ܴĽɽĶʬڸҰΪĻԬĽӦǱһҪһЩ
̶̵ļĹҲ֪ԬʲôȻز
ֲãнΧɱڴ˴ľġ
ˣԬ֮仹ǴһĲģһ֮бһľϡ
һиոմԬеĽջűһ糯ҴʮͣҲûͷȥҲ֪ǰ׻Ϲˡ
ǰлȷЩͷۡ
ǧһ֮ʣ̱㶯ٰ˲ֶΣٵһԣǰ׻ϵնҵֱӿ˹ȥͷƤһ顣
ٰ˲һ±սȦʱһȺɮг˸ֶ۶ﻹж棬Щһɨǧһ֮ϷɳʯһɫĽ籡Ⱥ֮С
طȺ̫ܼˣǰЩɮܹ㿪ǺЩȴ޷ʱնǵһƷʮˣ֫ϱһء
ֻǳһУŵЩ˷׷׷˾ֵ֮æ˿ǰ
ʱǰ׻ϺԬ߳һͬɱ˹ȥ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һҧֱӴ߶콣ǻʽǶһɫĻǶϯȥ
ɫĻһȵĻˣƽǿһȼˣʮְԵᣬҺİ׻ϺԬӲӣ׷׳ȥ
ĹҵЩæң˶ԸԬͰ׻λ֮⣬ҪԸЩʱҪ͵ϮҵһصԬ¡
ǻʽոʩչȥҲòִ߶˲ľ֮ԦľܵĻĲٵЩ˳ɱ
һһ˵ʮֵҪҲƬ̵ĵ飬ûüϢұ̧ͷһɫĵӵӣʼĸա
һֱҶ֮ŸҽСȸųϢСγ˺ҹѣҿһʱ֮£ܹǿԼȫʱһұȻܡ
̫ˣҶԷиʵ൱Ҹֲ̫ʱ䡣
£ֻһǬ˱ңСȸ
СȺܿ㻯һɺɷƮɶҵǰһһ֣Щֵĳܿһۣʱʲô飬Ҷ˵Сֱһһָ죬һָأ֮ϱ㿪ʼɫС磬ЩСأƬ̣㻯ٸɫ׵Ĺ˵ͳһصԬЩɱ˹ȥ
һصЩ˱ֵĻԵԬЩˣСֲֶΣ׷׷˾֮
ǰ׻ǺڲڴһĶʰҼǸɫʱԬٴγɱ˹СһŪô֮۾ɵݺݵ˵û뵽û뵽뵱һʱпܻɢСȻ˹֮壬֪ˣҵ͸ֱӽĻɢҲн鷢
Ԭ֮󣬺ܿ㱻˹ȥ˫ˮĴ۾ʱԲӹĹĵ˵ϵ㣬Ǹˣ׽ȥŪûʶСұҪɱ㡣
˵ţֱӻһɺɷ㳯Ԭ͵ķ˹ȥ


1893 ħ
ðҵС𣬵㣬ʱգҲһܹˣ˵±Ϊã
СȻһɺɷԼԬٴξеɻɻ֮䣬ɷڣХаȻʱһŨɷ֮ɻ֮ڶСȴ˹ȥ
Ԭɻڶɷ֮γһͷģͷбĶĲҺ˼һ㡣
Ҳ֪Ԭɻ˶ԩŻɽɱڵģ
չֳǹɿֲϢ֮ʬȣҲ̫ࡣ
Ԭ⼸꾭ʲô
ǽļһЩ£ССͱ֮ܳΪˣаĻΪԲѷɫң˵һϧѡ
ֻϧСߴ·ҵĵˡ
һб㵲סȣɷ֮Ʈɳȥ֮󣬺ֻܿĶȸΧס
ԬЦһȻĿٴοң塣

˵䣬ԬһΣȻҵߣеɻͳҵͷ˹һûˣ˽ӲӲĶƴһǣɻҹʱһ֮ɷ֮ŨЩķθҲŻ
þöûĸоˣҺܿعһƱ㳯Ԭؿ˹ȥ
ԬҲûжͬһƣ˹
һƼӴƻһõģ󴦻жתǬڼӳ֡
ΪԬҶƴһƣ϶ԸȻûУײһʱҺԬ˺˼µĵͬʱѿ֩һѺۡ
ҿԬϸСĵס˼¡
ҵһŨɷ֮ϯڿٵӶȥ
⣬ɷ֮ʴ꣬ҵս£ҿٵ˷ʬУǳȥɷ֮űʬ߸˻ȥҵ˼£ЩȻĿԬСΪǽЩˣôģ
Ԭ߰ҵľ룬һϸСĵҲ֮ʧ˶Լֱۣ¶һһ۾˳ԬдŵһתǬƣ󴦴һģһ
ôҲҳԾ
ѵ㲻֪⶷תǬһںˮʥ̵³Уһ˵ϣҽһãʲôֶΣ˽ⲻЩ꣬Ϊ㱨𣬿˲ٿ๦ڽǵĵһ꣬ĹʦϿΪʦȻڶҾͽǵϿɱˣеΪ䵽ҵϣˣǸˣʬһ񹦽ħ󷨣רΪģ⼸굱УҲ֪ûħ˶ٸǸֵΪû뵽ɣԬޱȵ˵
Ķʦɱô𣿡
㶮ƨҵĶʦֻһǱǽҸʬţǵϿΪʦͽܣҲ̰ͼڽǵʵǮƣǵҲٺôɱ˾ɱˣûʲôÿϧģһұ⻯ħҲϵΪȫˣŵʱԬ˵ţٴγ˹
еɻһ֮䣬ɷֶ֮߳£ұ÷ʬߵֵɷ֮ȫȥ
֮䣬ԬٴγɱеɻХ棬ֻû˽꣬ٵָԬƴ˼С
Ȼʱǰ׻ǺڲڴҼɫĻɵˣնһɱ
˴һҿգЩмܣ޲ԼһֵǶˡ
йʮеʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ǰ׻ϵնбﳯؿնʱԬɻûĳҵСһһš
Ҿ͸оӸ˵һֱӱ˳ȥڶʱһ֮Уڲݵ֮ϡ
Ԭһе֣ʱϲǰ׻һٴγɱҪֱӸˡ
ʱͻȻһɷŭһҧֱȼ˵֮лûбӵԩԹɿֲҸʱжʱȻһգȻٵĴӵϷԵܹԼѾڳ˿ֲɷ֮


1894 ھ
Ը׻ԬòúˣұҪΪǿʵչֳĻᡣ
ۿŰ׻Ԭٳұ㲹һҸʱ
ǿɻҵľ޴ʹ࣬Ȼ伤˵зӡǿֲԹԭϢϢѾҸȫˣһԩ˵ԹӴһɣҲһɣһʱģȴʱóá
ǿԹһ˿ֲĺڲѣ׻Ϻܿ͵ҵߣһͳϿ⵶ʱһڵûֻǰ
׻ǵ˲̵ЦԬҲϣĲУһֽɻ˹סҵ·Ȼʱ򣬼Թһ˲ٰ˲ֶΣգۼĹͳ˰˲ĵطȻվ
үģþɱǲˡ
Ҷ㿪֮׷˹һЩ˵ʱ򣬽һɱ
ʱҲҸӲƴֻöٰ˲ֶβͣĶȻұ߶˺ϴ辭ֶΣУɱ䳤ϣҲҵĵƣһ߶˺ϴ辭ȫ֮Ԭǰ׻ϣⶼ޷ֵġ
ٰ˲ֶΣǰ׻ϵֶαҸӸ˼سɴ磬ҵٶѾܿˣܸҲʱҵһ࣬Ҷܵķյʮ־׼Ȼնͳ˹
Ȼڰ׻ϸ߰˴֮ҶȻͶס˽Ųǰ׻Ͻնҿʱһ֣㳯ǰ׻ϵնĵץ˹ȥ
֮Ըȥץǰ׻ϵĵУΪҵ˺ϴ辭Ѿ߶һĳ̶ȣնʱ˺ϴ辭֮ѾŰ׻ϵն˹ȥɣһҵһֱֻץסǰ׻ϵеĵǰ׻ϲԣһ룬ôܹסĿ쵶ء
׻ϺͻȻ뵽ʲôŵһ͵קһеĵȴѲá
˺ϴ辭
׻Ϻܿܵ˴ͷųĿֲһڴʡʱұ׻׻ϱԹ˺ϴ辭Ŀһͱ˸ɡ
һҶһеʱ򣬰׻ֱӽеնˣתͳһȥ
ֻǴʱܣôףһҧһ˺ϴ辭ȻٴαǣȻճŰ׻ϵĺץ˹ȥ
ٻϻûüӶݣ㱻һɾ޴ˣǰŲһӱ
ԬСӣҡǰ׻ϿԬȡ
ԬʵڲԶǸɻĿңԬ϶Ҳ˵˺ϴ辭Ŀֲ֮Բ
ԬСӣʲôأҾȳȥ
׻ԽԽʼһҧٴηת˵ϵǺɫɷȻһգȫһǰ׻ϱ㷢һֵĴУһ±Ҹץס˺ס
ҲʱһֱҵԬͻȻˣеɻȻٴκһֲͷʱɻһ𣬳ҵ
ԬСҲǹģҽеעڰ׻ϵʱŶȻ֣ǲɱңҲõԼᱻ˺ϴ辭סֽš
ԬһҹʱҺܿڳһֻ֣һץסԬɻһӵܴ󣬻ҪжתǬƣסѹҵץסɻʱҶʱ;Щ̫Ծˡ
ɻеϢЩ͹Ź֣ȻҲ˺ϴ辭ת˵ȴҾüΪЩų⡣
ʱԬͻȻֿ죬Цһ£˺ϴ辭ͨɻӵԬϣȴǻδһ㣬Ц
ϾҪˣŲţԬͻȻƵ˵
ŶΪʲôҸоϾҪأһ˺ϴ辭ͻὫңʣ¡ɭȻЦ
ǺðֻҲᣬھ˵գԬͻȻ̧ͷ˹ȥ۵ϣҲ֪ڿʲôҲתͷ˹ȥ


1895 ̥
תͷһɲǼ䣬㿴һźںӰҿٵƶ˹оӦһСӣģֻûҿӰСԼٶȣζȻһԾ𣬱ſҵļϣȻſ죬һڳҲҧ¡
ȥʲôǣ
ǶһҧסҵĲӣҸоȫѪҺҵĲӿ˹ȥȻʽСĿС
ָоǼΪʹģôһ˲䣬Ҷ߶˺ϴ辭ͷҧסҲӵǸС˺
һֹͣ˺ϴ辭ҾֻһǾǱԬͰ׻ɱĸһЩ
ؼڣһ֪ҧסҲӵǸʲô
ڣҧסҲӵСͷȻҵѪһʱҲܹס
СҧסҵĲӣҲûɿ֣ǲϵĿٵתͷǿֲԹ˺ϴ辭ŪĸֲһЩõİ취ôͬھ
СＴҵѪҲҪ˺ϴ辭ڵң˭ù
Ԭǿҵ뷨˿̵Ҳҵ˺ϴ辭סˣѲãȴһµ˼ûС
ƵĳҺٺһЦȻ˵ͲҪӲˣһһʹǣǺαأ㶼ǵǰͷ
ô֪ǹȪǡҧӲŵ
֪ҧס㲱ӣѪ˭𣿡ԬٴЦ
˭ô֪û˵
ҵʦϵʬţڵʱʦȻɱˣǻǲδɢȥʱ͵͵۷˻ȥʦĻǸռǰҺСʦڱ׷ɱʱ򣬹ŶǶʱ䣬Ǵʦĵ伮ҵһֿķţʮֿ̣Ҫʱ˺ͣҪܵݣҺСʦΪ˱ѩޣ㻳һӣʦȥᣬĺӣӵʦ꣬ʦɱҪѪʦһ
ԬаȿĴЦţ˿Ϊ˺ϴ辭ɶǡ
ҴԬе֪ſҲѪǸСʬŵʱҲû̫⣬Ϊڳߵʱսǰһк˵ԬͳǸӲ̫пʬŽ̥һʼ֮УǸӶûʲôһжαװĺܺãʬųɳһĻʱ򣬲ͻȻѣһɱʮصרſЩֶ֣λʮֵĺɢ
ս˵Щ𿴹ܳͺӵص˶ǸС˸飬Ͼ쳯Ϧദʮ۰˺ܶߴȥΪɰСͻȻԴ󷢣һȫɱˡ
ԬСһţĺ˷ָ֣ͳӸɱˣΪʦʬŸһ˭ܸɳ
ֻĺܸ֮ɳ飬Ԭгɴߵ
Сӵôģʦʬųֵʱ׼ˣԸһ˺ϴ辭ġ
һֺܲõԤУһΣҾúпһᱻԬˡ
Ƭ֮ҸоԼЩͷĿѣѪҺʬ˺ö࣬ͷų˺ϴ辭ҲԽԽ
Щ죬һжҪ
Ҽڻȥһ̣ͻȻ䣬һâţߴˡһ죬ͭӴһ㣬ʱҸоһֱҧסҲӵʬȻһɿڣϿٵȥȻҵһ㵹˵ϡ
СšСšԺ䣬ںңҪ۾˭ôŲסˣ۾ҪϣȻݺݵ˯һ
СšСţǧ˯˯˾ѲˡѦСߵһߺңһ߳ʹ˼ƣôһȻ˳ſҵͣȥһЩҩθ֮䡣
죬˾ǵˮһĸо
֪˶ãҵʶžĻָһЩ۾ܣһƬʣֻкܶӰڻζӵĺܣȻֹƬ̣ұܹһЩˣתͷʱ򣬷ɺѦС߾վҵߣֱĿҡ
СšЩûУѦС߹еʵ


1896 Ѫ
ʱҵʶһЩղŷһĻ˺ϴ辭Ը׻ϺԬʱͻȻӺһһҧסҵĲӣҧסҲӵĶǱģʬŽ̥֮һСк
ʬǱɱģ̫ĳޣһҧסҵĲӣҲѪʧѪ࣬ͷĿѣԼֻһâӦǻеϽ𲧣ҧסҲӵʬš
ոһЩ֮ɱæʵСšоһЩ𣿡
һЩʧ񣬾ûǱһһŵһЩˡ
ղʧѪ࣬ҿļʱһϵѪҪˣιһЩѪĵҩҸүõģѪʧ̫࣬ΪҲˣӦǱСɵһ֣϶ǲٸ˶ˣ֮޷ѦСߵ
ѦС˵һһ𣬡һ±վֻǸվתǰһڣԵ˵ϣҺѦСߺͬʱ֣Ҹסˡ
ܸ֮˶֣ⲻЦô׻ϺԬڴ˴ǣѾϣҪҵĳ쵽ӰӶûҵͻȻͲܸ˶ˣҿ϶ܲˣ׻ϺԬһǶ˵Ļ̸θϺΪУȳأ
һʱļ٣ģһѪֲ˳
ҵؿڣ˽ҲȻ󻺻Ľҷ˵ϣοСţżżãղܱסͲˡ
һߴҺĴ죬ʱҲ̧ͷȥܵɽѾѪսһƬԶĻм˷Ҳ֪ǲۻˣշվ˻еߣһŽ䵶һͭһ𣬹ͬԸǰ׻ϣĲɿҸеǣ˿̵Ļиǰ׻ƴȻû䵽·硣
չֱӸԬƴһ𣬴ʱȥչԬƴռʲôˣԼУԬʵѹסչһЩ
ʬŵǿȥӦԣҲУС˳ܹӦǿһҪȻǿ治ǽ̥ʬŵĶ֡
ЩһصԬ£СЩţƴɱ쳣ңʦʱҲɽ³սȦ֮Уһ·ֱײƲɵܶڲҽбճ˻ҽ
ɽ֮ϣֺ֮趯ͻĲݣֱЩһصԬ²ƶȥסǵֽţ㶯ӦѦСΪ
ֻǱʱȶסˣ˵
ҿɣȻʵǸղôģ
ǶԸЩ˹ƺ͹ƳʱСߵҩĴһ򵥵ķ󣬽Щ˹ƺ͹ƳԼŪЩʬȫ棬ǻɱǳûһڣԮ㣬û뵽ҲôˣǸ͸һа꣬ǲǾͷԬССͣΪ˵ã˵
СΪֹ˵ãĻĿ£һҾͱŪˡ
ҸɺѦС˵мɮɱѦСߺҲ˲˵ˣ˲ôóƴɱ˺ܿҲսȦ֮Уչ˲ҵɱ
һݹΧʽȻʱȶסˣ߼ΪʵȺ˵Уսǿ˻ңһҲٴˣӵĶȥƲǼ죬Ǿ͸ȫûˡ
УһҪƴ
£ǿƣ壬ŽٴλλƵվ
һָ̣ԼüĴһʱһξѪȻŬѾɺԵĵһЩ߶һξѪ
⾫Ѫȫľ֮ڣһãܵ޵ѹեԼһʱڱǿʢսǷ֮һ룬ǲҲˡ
ǵúܾǰҶþѪԸʬŵʱ򣬵ˣҵλү°ĵ˲ЩˣҪƴ
⾫Ѫ߶֮Ҷʱһӿȫըѿһ˲㱻һļҲĽģһ֮ϱٴһŨɷ֮еĽ㳯Ԭɱ˹ȥ


1897 Ѫ
þѪѾƴˣⲻΪƴսͬʱҲԼٵģѪ֮ڣǲȲѵʱ򣬾ԲŶԼľѪ
⾫Ѫǹã˲սҲֵ֪ܼʲôʱ
ԣұ뾡콫ȫȻ취ȥҳ졣
һұ㳯Ԭ˹ȥȽСӸ˵Ū˯ðȡ
չԬѹŴҿչ۾ˣһչ۾ʱСӹƾҪŴУ֮ĹֻСѶҪѺóһʱ䣬ĺܲҡ
ȰչһУұȥһԬĺ˹ȥ
Ԭͽȣҳǧһ֮ʣһΣյĶֱܿһɻ˹ҵĽײһ
ԬСһҸ˳ȥ֮˼Ȼ۾ңЩԾ˵㶼ҪˣôͻȻֱôǿˣ
ϻ˵һһεһǾԲŹġ˵գٴ˽꣬Ԭһ㾦
Ԭеɻһƽع磬һʯǰһɫĹȥʱǾʯķѣƵԬٴ˼
Ԭٴ۾ҺٺһЦ˵֪ˣ϶Ƕ˾Ѫ㻹Ǹƴûϵһ
˵գԬͻȻһΣܴҺ̳˴
ȣɽҰ֮صڳеӦȫ˶
˵ͬʱԬѾ󲽳ԶȥӶˣչǰȴ˦һɻһµ˳ȥ
һص˻ԬԼ£Ԭĺ֮󣬷׷תͷܣûκε
һҪܣеȫ׷˳ȥСҲкЩԬ˼׷ɱȥ
Ԭ˼Ҷ˾ѪԼΪǰǿʢξѪܹ֧ұǿսҲֲ̫õʱ䣬ԬǴâҶþѪĵĲˣȻٻɱһֲ
⻪ɽǲõǸ󣬼۷ȥҲ϶ǳȥˣʱˣȥػӵѡ
Ҫ˵ԬĻأһ˲жϳ׹ϵ͸ıսһҲˮǿˣҹǸλŪûƢİ׻ҲԬк˻еͷܡ
ԬָȨ˰׻ϣɼһصĹϵҲͬһ㡣
Сӣ껹һС㣬һصص鶼û̫ĴʦʬҲֻСӣƲľͷٳɳ
ߵ׷ԬæҲߵһ׷ˣͣ£
кɶһ㶣׷׻ͷң֪⡣
ţұ㳯Ǽһ쵽
˵ͬʱѾеĽֻ꣬ǿһۣкһ˵СŵģϽȥ
ȫ۷˻СҲЩҵĽǰ
һ֮еٴηתȻ˽꣬˼㿪ʼ߶콣еĵڰ˽ʽѪƣ
ǵڰ˽ʽѪƣ콣ĵڰ˸ʽҲһֱеĽУԭҶ콣ѾһЩüĿֻǻûʵսù
ʵѪҲһдģɱĽУʮֲ֮
ԬСӲôҵҪܵȥ
Ҵ߶Ѫеʱͷ֮ͻȻܲ¡¡
ǺɫƶʱѪһĺɫƬضȾĺͮͮģ˼һ㡣
ЩڱӵһصԬ׷̧ͷȥֵĴ֪Ƿʲô顣
ɺͻǿⷬҲŵĲᡣ
ѪƣҴһ
ȣűһƺը죬ȻͷϵѪɫƲͻȻһ޴Ƶ֮ĲԶʯͷ׷׹
Žֻǿʼ֮ѪɫƲͻȻȻưô꣬겢ͨˮʺѪˮѪˮڵϣϱð˰̣ʯͷϣҲˡۡ죬˵ϣ˱ʹķڵأð̣ҽвֹ
꣬˸ǿȵһ


1898 ɽ
콣ǵڰ˽ʽѪơ
Ѫɫˮҽǣ֮£ֱһصԬЩ˹ȥ
ƬڶʱͱһƬ˼˱ѪɫˮȻ屻ʴð̣һȫ֮Ĳҽ۵ش
ͬʱȫҵǰɴ۾ŲԶ˼״ȫ𾪵ĿɿڴǴûмһУҲǵһѪƣԼ֪һʩչ˿ֲ
ڵһҲ޷̫ãĵԽ࣬ҶþѪ֮˵ֵܼʱҲͻԽ̡
ҿԶ˴Ƭ֮󣬱ٵ˽꣬ѪƼʩ
Ѫƿ϶ǼΪģһͣЪҶʱûһ΢˻£һ֮󣬲žչࡣ
ʱվԵɻͷһۣ̾ϢһСţ鷳ˣ߶˾Ѫ֮ȷ֮һӿԤϣ˵Ǻοأ
ܲôˣǿȥңԬûУСұҪҵ죬ҪȥЩ˵
ѦС߿һִۣһѵҩȫҵ˵Щҩȫǲ޸˵ģ˰ɣֵܼľһЩ˽֮ҪغҶȣλүӸˣԽԽá
ӦһæһѦС߸ҵЩҩȫƬ֮󣬱ؿڴůģٴγ
һ˱㳯ȺܵһصԬ±˹ȥ
ѪֹĵطһƬǽ壬ϵĲľȫˣʯͷҲѪ긯ʴĿӿݣɢһɴ̱ǵζ
ǵȺǰʱǲ״ͱˣǺʬ壬ЩѾѪ긯ʴ¶˰ɭɭĹͷ˵ϳݣҪֲжֲ
ЩǹĹӶģǸûʲôֿ֮Ѫһֻķݶ
һٶʬ壬һƬСɽ¶ˣܶ˶֮ǰʹı飬ǵöԷˣӦûв뿪
ڱѪ꽽ˣĿȫǣֱ治˭˭ˣǴ忴һ۱ûмʱȥѰңҾԬͰ׻Ӧö˳ȥ
Ȼв˻ţôߵΪȻҲôȥ
ֻȥѰԬͰ׻ϵѾûʲô壬ĿĲǵ鷳ǹȳģʬվƬ̣ĹһۣĿص˵ϣұ˵֣ǲǻɽĶ츣֮У
£ȷʵڻɽĶ츣֮Уǲ˴ųУֻһ¹ڣΪ˶Ŀʵɹڻɽɽ֮ϣкôһƬڣҲǻɽĽذɣڻɽ֮ϴ˶ʮ꣬һҲûȥʦ˵ɹǷάֻɽ츣صһۣɹͷųŻɽǧ꣬ԣµĵӺܹǶɽ֮ϣ֪ϵôͻȻ顣
֮ʽҲԼĴ㣬ǳڣɹҲάֳ¼ҵ֮ڣһɹǱ٣¼ҲҪѣүү֮ð˻ɽ֮ϣΪ˻סǳɹǵġ
ԣһصͺˮʥԼԬЩˣҪĿпǻɽųڣүү϶ͻڱ֮ϣȥһ׼ҵ졣
ҳƬ̣˵һͲҪˣڶȥɽ壬Ща˿϶ȫӿ򱱷ˡ
˵ͷ˵ϵ˵ĲЩа˽ĿӦþڱ壬ҲôױƵģΪɽҪڣֱǧߴٳϿϾ繵ǧߴʯʮڽףͱ֮ϣֽŲãضڵɽ·ʵǣǧη䣬±ڶֻͣͷһ⣬ޱȣԻ쾮Ϊ̫ʺϣ·ߡ˴ǻɽΪҪ֮ǧߴĳڲüĸ֣һ򵱹ĪЩаˣҪҲô׵飬Ҳ˵滹иҪ֮ɽȱ𴦣Ծն£ЩаҪƻɽҴطˡ


1899 ɽ
ɽǵһ˵츣ˣǸɽҲû˵⻪ɽһҪ֮أȻɽգһصȴҪǿ˴Ԭ˲ٹ
һɽԵΪԺֵǧߴ֮ⲻԶǰٳϿǻɽıĵڶҪߵͣڸʣмһľʯСʯ֣ҪǴʯС·ȻþĶǡ˺šڻ롢μµС֮ȻǵҪĹؿڽϾ繵Ǽڶʯ֮һ״յɲ⣬ʯʮ࣬˵̫Ͼ˴·ͨǣһͷţһҹ֮ɽЩնڣɽ֮иƽ̷ӵΪѾӽڵɹλһصһĹЩؿҲһµġ
˵еǿο˲٣˵⻪ɽҪ֮أҪɽҪԹƣûйȥүү˵ҲǺö˶˵ġ
Ȼпο˲٣ҲҴ⣬æк˵߰ɣǸϽȥơ
˷׷ӦڽһɽӵĴ֮£˿첽Żɽķȥ
һ·֮ϣܹϡϡһЩʬ壬ЩʬϳݣЩʬ嶼÷ˣ˵ⶼһѪƵµĺ
ʱȻ˳ȥܶҲѪŪѪˣһ·֮ϱ㲻˵£ǰ˺ü·ܹϵڵϵʬ壬Щ겻ѣѪƵĽйȻ콣ĶС
һ߿첽ǰУͻȻһ飬תͷ˽֣ɽƽ̷ʲôϵ
æƽ̷ʦүʦǷʦүͽܡ
ҵ˵ͷⷲӦøɽ˵Ͳˣ˵ӦλޣһΪһĵӵƽ̣ôͻûзƽ֮λĻǾֻһܣûиʺϵѡλɽƽ֮λ
һֱɽǱȽϵ͵ģȻǽϵĶţǴûʲôش¼ڽ֮ϴҪΪ飬ɽʲôط֪֪ƽ˭˵һƬհס
׻˵ĺã֪֪ˣܰսʤұҪԻɽи˽ȷжϣܰﻪɽɹΣ
ұٴʵǻɽ֮ϳƽ̷֮⣬ûʲôĸ֣
űУǻɽΪıǻɽϣǳƽ֮ΪļλϣУ峯ƽ̷ӵĹϽķֱΪзŮϷ㣬̨ʣֱΪӡӡӺͷλʦүءһصôֹΧɽɽӦȫۼ˱̨֮ϣػۣƻ˳ɹǣǵطɽ֮ء
˵Ĳ࣬ʱѾ˻ɽΪΣʱ̣еĸֿ϶ҪۼһػסɽΪҪĵط
һ·˵ţ˿첽Уһ·֮ϣܿܶʬ壬һһصǸĻǻɽɵĵӣЩɽɵĵ״죬ǶޱȵĲңЩǱǹģЩǱƳҧģЩ˽ͷϳʯƬһ·ȥкܶƳڴ˴һ˱ӵҽʦַųǿйƳȫճ˻ҽ
һ·֮󣬴ԼаСʱҵĹ⾰Ǿ˱ĵһնǧߴ֪һ֮󣬲֪˴ͬ죬᫵ɽ֮ϣһʯݣƣҲֻݵͨʯݵһѾ٣һ£խʯ֮Ҳ˵ĵźܶʬ壬඼һصвżɮʬ壬Щʬֻܹģ֪ж˵䵽棬ˤķǡ
˵ˣűЩĶǣ˴ڲ֮ǰ϶һѪս
ɽƾһסһص˽Ӧüֵʱ䲻ֻ̣ڴ˴ûκζ˵һصӦǹǧߴգһڡ
ǽصʬ壬ԵЩԾæǰ˼ǰ汼ȥҳ˿һۣʾСĽҪˡ
ʯһ·УʱǱ㵽˾ͷǱ֮Ϊ̫ʺڣ̧ͷһѾƿ˺ôһӣƿĿϻмߵʿʬſ档


1900 վǲҪ
һЩʿʬ壬վĽͻȻһ˳ʦ塭
϶ʶסǧߴһλϵģƾҪȥȻʱͻȻǰһһסĸ첲ȥ
˵˺ܿæˣֻǲ˳ȥԶſǼϵʬͻȻͱѿѪĽǱʱ򣬱ٵһշ䣬Ȼϵ˵ǰ棬ѪǴϲϷ죬һͣЪűƳ졣
͸һƳ滹糱ӿһ㣬ˣܼ־֢˿㳡Ƶŵȥ
ܿҾ뵽Ӧ֮ղŶʦߵǧߴʱ̫Ӵұ㽫Ҳõʱ򣬱˳ʦǰһֱǡ˵·м䣬ڡ
ЩƳ治ܲ˵ĳŶʦӿ˹ηֻǾƳܲסʦϵ֮ûеʦֵߣ㱻ʦϵĻϯջˡ
ȻЩƳγɲ̫в̫һЩʮ֮ǻͣ˶ʦ֣ǰһЩƳճɵĻҽѻ˺һ㣬а׶ߣ㳡ص˶겻ѡ
ǽתͷɣһ֣˵ллλϸִȣҪȻҾ͸ûˣղϸôģ
ɵ˵ܼ򵥣Ϊҿоʬ΢΢һ£ʬԱʬôһЩԱǰ˾ʾ
۲ϸ΢ҪֵļʱǻЩ鷳ˡ
ΣǱٴξۼ̫ʺ֮ڵ滹ʲôΣգұ㽫Сȸ˳ȥ۲һȦܿСȾ۷˻˵һûʲô쳣ˣȻ˲һһȥ
ȥ֮󣬳ܿһִۣ˴ѾûʲôʬˣΪЩʬȫƳֽ⣬ǵ֮ϵȫ˰ɫ֪˶ˣŻֳ״
ղЩʬ˹Ƴ棬϶ԬСӸɵģ϶ǻ׷Ի᲼ǡչЩ߷Ȼ˵
ԬĻ̣ǲɣâȥǴкȻٴݺǣСˣ˷ʤ˵ǰ׻ϵ˲ǶôµĶ֣ΪǿҶѪս׵ԬһǺҹڰһߣ߹ʱͲ̽ԴϺݺݵҧһڣ˷ʤ
ѣ·ǻҪȥɱԶĽ֮ǡ
ҶҪСССģȻԬ·ˣһ·Ͽ϶̫ƽСӹƻˣС
˵˵ͷұСǰ濪Ǽǰȥ
ǧߴԶ֮󣬱ǰٳϿٳϿڸʣԴһ죬ڰٳϿͷĵطһʯ˵ϣǾʯѪأѹźܶȱʬ壬˽ǰٳϿľʯͨٳϿ˸˺ü
Щʬ壬ûеʿװӦһصˡ
һǿʯ˱˹ȥһǸصˣǿľʯʱԵЩæȥȥǿʯͷЩ˵⡭ǻɽٳϿϵľʯȻҲ˸Сʱҡ
վﲻҪ
˵꣬ΰչǷʲôæصĸǶһ
صĸǶһ£֪ʲôΪʲôΣգæͷⲻܻãһ߶ұˡžડһ΢죬Ǵʲôء
£æˣȻ󻨺пٵļϽ𲧣ȫ
¡һ죬ǵľʯͻȻͱѿ޴ʯĴɣֱϽ˹Ͻ𲧷һ޴֮Ķ죬֮ǰʯֵܣֱӾͱըķˡ
ܿ죬һйƽǾʯѾڣλصĸǵ屻ɳȥԶֽŶˣͻСѪ֮У˻δӿ˴ѪȻǻˡ
ղλֵܵĽŵһߣҿһҪˣǶˣչЩܻ̾Ϣһ


1901 ֮
һп϶ԬСӸֶΣŪǣҲҪһ£ܹһʱ䣬ǾòľԱжȻͻỺ
к޵СҲ޿κΡ
ߵΣ֮󣬻кܿϽ𲧣һ¾ͳ˳ȥλͬŵߣʱ˻һڣвӿѪ
ʦܡʦܡҪͦסµġֽŶը˵Ǹصĸ첲˫ҲҴֻǼ޴룬۾ͨ졣
ʲôתͷѦСߵѦֵܣҽһа취ġ
ѦСߴǰֻǿһۣüͷ˵֣˿϶ǾͲˣ֫ˣӶըһأأһڣûʲôҪİɡ
ܽʵҲѾ޷ıˣתͷٴοˣʦܡ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ˵ɣһ쵽
𡭡סʦš˻ֻ˵һ룬۾һɣٴӿһѪһͷֱûϢ
ʹĴһվһŽߵһʯͷ߷˳ȥײɽ֮ϣˤķ飬ֶҲʮֲ
һʼǽصˣתۼ˭ûԤϵġ
ֲó¼ҵǸͷ˵⻪ɽ֣ղŲһҲ˴˴
֣˵ز˾ǻǸϽǰ߰ɣɽҪ֮ѾһҪ֮Ҳסˣһɹ֮ҲƵĻɽڡǰһǽ˵
˱ˣٵĽͬŵʬһصڣҲŽ˱ըķѵʬռǹ£һ
˱ӱޣŻɽıϣǰҪ֮ǰͻʣһչأϾ繵ȥϾ繵֮ǰţڻȴҲǻɽС֮ȻҲǷʬһصͺˮʥ̵Щ˵ʬ壬ҲлɽЩʿʬ塣
ЩطɽЩʿʬ忴ȥ˺ܶ࣬ϾɽԷǹɽɽɵҪĵƣռ˺ܴˣΨһõĵطǶԷǹڣʱطҪҲ𲻵ܴãǹǰߺܶʱҲΪҪȻǰ˹Ҳ۸Ļҡ
ϵʬһ࣬˲ٴν䱸һΣöʦǰ濪һЩʬ壬Щʬ㲻ĲͻȻͻ˹΢һ㻯عƳ棬Ƿӵ
խʦֵǰһ򵱹ĪЩӿʬ͹Ƴȫʦָյž죬ʦԪ֮ǻӪôһƬڶ渲ǣ汻յĲҽвֹȫ˻ҽ
ʦֿ첽ǰУǸĺ棬Ź̻ð̵ĵ棬һ·첽УǰϾ繵ĵطҲûƬ̵ͣЪܿʹȥˡ
Ͼ繵ȻնҲкܶʬ壬ԬҲûʱøĻ壬ֻǸǰһеʬ嶼˹ƣ˹ˣжʦɱڣһжв
Ͼ繵ÿһ·ܿܶʬ壬żҲܹѪնЩԬ£˿Ԭǳӹûˡ
ǽ˵Ͼ繵ǰ߲ãִܵﱱ̨֮֮ϣҪȥķ壬ͱ뾭̨壬̨ȻĴɽ壬ɽΪվģ涼Ǿڣֻһɽͨ棬ѹ
һƽ̨̨̨з󣬷֮бǳɹ֮أάϵɽ츣صۺ֮ڣǻɽ֮أҪػĵط
һ˵ţһͣɽȥڼ䣬һֱڹͨԦľΧĶԬʲôһ·̹Ҳûʲô谭
˿첽Уǰ˴ԼаСʱ֮Լбɽ֮ϴ˺ɱ֮ˣϾҪǶɽˣʱһصͺˮʥ̵Ӧڸɽ˾սҪҵĳڴ˴
һ뵽ϾܹˣлЩͷһۣ˵һ֣ɽϳɱȥ
ԽǰߣǺɱԽǿңϵʬˣ̨֮ϲѪˮͨе̨׶ȾѪ졣
öʦִͷҲЩʬûб¹ˣȳɱȥɱһ˵ʦһǰ֮֮ϵʬ׷ױȼˣ˵ʦԼὫЩʬţ󻼡


1902 ʯͷ
ʦǰһ壬̱˽꣬ߺһֵǣʱˣջɽ֮սҪһصͺˮʥ̵ףΪǸһɱ
ԼĴǶþѪ֮ԲֵܼڣǾѪ֮ʱƵģһʱ䣬֮ӿһޱпܻΣգұƴȫһǰȳٴһһʱ䡣
ҾŽڶʦ˹ȥǰ溰ɱ죬ɽı֮Ӱ´£ͣζ෨ɽ֮Ұյǹ˷¡¡졣
ҵĹ֮ϣҲȫ˷һ𣬷ܲĳɽͳȥ
Ȼ͵ϾҪɽ۵ʱ򣬶ȻһȺǹеǵǰ棬˵ͬʱǿ𣬻һĶ
꣬ոչʿڿЩִĻ֮󣬶ʱЩϢˣһ˶ʦǿ֮󣬻ҲŵĵһֱӼϽ𲧣С
ˣǿĻѹ֮£ʦҲЩˣеϽҲǻζѣâ
˵ԬǸڹ˵Ĺ汻ŪûƢˡ
СǻˣӦ֪ĵнǲܶûأȫᣬҪ뻪нϵĵƲ
ǿĻѹ֮£ǲóȻǰұкŶʦڻңһʯ֮ǰһЩ
Ҳòݱܷâ˸ط
аգ̧ͷ˿ɫӽ⻪ɽĶ츣֮󣬵Ҳ˴ˣѾǰʱ֣ǶգⲢǺңɽҲ硣
ʱСȵĳʮƬûгɣұ㽫Сȸͷ˳ɽ֮ϣЩϳǿǹһָҧгݵ˵Сȣһڲȫɱˡ
СӦһ̱㻯һɺɷ֮ϿٵƮ˹ȥ
˰Ӳʱ䣬вҽ˹߷ĻʱȻֹ
ɽһСȸһӶϣһǹ㳯Լ˿˻һɨһƬЩӶӦ˹ҲȸǸӶӵɨȥǱӵУǧٿףȴ˲ȷֺɿԿǾʬԷݡ
дϲæٴöʦֵֿܼɽϳɱȥǳ嵽ɽȺܿʬ֮Ʈ˳Ȼٵ˼֮ХɫСĴߣȻһףͻȻȺ֮У㳯Щһصͺˮʥ̵˿ɱ˹ȥ
ɽСһָǹǺ
ɽϵ˾쳣̱ڳһֱӶɽɽ֮ǰҪֹɽ
ǿЩˣŲɲͣǰʱҲſķɽ֮ǰǼŽߺ۵ĹʦЩҼϵ¡
Щɽƻ֮ĸ֣ΪǿǳأȷǸǴ˲ѹҳһ֣ʾҪСˡ
ͷಢᣬֱǰһ壬ҵǰ棬ǰЩ飬үү׵ˣܷ
ȻǼߺ۵ʦȴᣬûнǷһһеһļʦҲͬʱеȣǿпٵ˼عܣŤ˼֫ǵĺ֮ϱƮ˺ܶɫ뵿ϵʯͷ׷׷˰֮Уٵĳߴ
ʯͷƣʯͷƣСţƺģ㿪ѦСһ۾ϳ˶ԷֶΡ
һƮ˴ССʯٵĳ˹֪ֵȥʲô
ҷЩƮʯͷȫ˺ɫʯͷʲô綾֮
ҲҵģֱӾеĽʩչһл죬һ֮һ㳯ЩǷĺɫʯͷϯȥ
ͬʱٴμϽ𲧵˵ǰ档
ɫ֮ʯͷ׷׵ҲЩɫʯͷ˻еϽϣâ˲١
⼸۽ߵʦЩֶΣĿɫĻߵʱ򣬱㱻ڶĺɫֽ˿


1903 Ԯ
첢ûдﵽԤڵЧһΣٴֳŶԷһһҲ콣еĽСƾһضƱɫ֮䣬֮ϱһһĹֳɽʯĴɣɷ֮γһ״ֱӳŶǼߺ۵ʦȻײ˹ȥ
һʩչöԷЩֲȻҿǵȴܹоǴʱľţ׷׳ܶܡ
ҶֵͬʱСչѦСߺǿҲͬʱ֡
дϽ𲧣ˡһ㳯һʦȥ
չóһɫķ˻𾫳ϣǻ𾫳ʱһϺɫĻ棬ҲǰǼʦϯȥ
ѦС򹴶˲ľ֮ǻľٿܵĻĲЩ˲ƶȥ
ҾǣǿʱҲչֳǿһ棬еǰѽһ죬еǰѽȻֱ˦ȥ˼ȥҲЩ۽ߵʦȥ
ֵϵĺܺãֶЩ۽ߵʦʱͻʱżٰ˲ͳȥԼٶȾͳ嵽Щ˵ߣȻ৵ıӳʦûüʱеĽֱն룬ʦʱ󾪣׷׳ܿһʹһڣȻ󻨺кͰչǼӵǷųƶ˶ǵߣһͿɱ·ĺ۽ʦȫɥǵС
ЩƺͲԣΪҲǸ˶ֵʵսһЩ޷ȺѪεᲢۣ֮£ɥڴˡ
ȽǼʦɷ֮ٴγܿȥⱱۣ֮Ͳľ֮أѹѹһƬˣһʱҲж٣Ҳźܶʬ壬Ƴڵ֮صŵȫѪʪˣ߶оڴ򻬣˱ҽŴ̨֮϶ȥ⻪ɽ֮۾ֻһɽĵ·ȫͱڣ˱ôߵĵطȥԲĻᡣ
ĳҵЩңҪӻɱȺѰӰôҲ
̫ˣһصˡˮʥ̵ˡԬ¡ɽĵʿСĹӰζҪô˵ҵһŮ˵Ӱһ㡣
ģˣһܴһһɤӣһЩֶΣԼܻصϢͬ׹
ԭ㻥ɱȺҵ֮ͻȻͣеĶ߿˹һʱ䱻ôĿ⿴ţһЩ̫ϰߣоֵġ
Ƭ֮󣬵ûɽǱߵ˴һ֮˴˵ˡ׶ˣǻɽоˣֵܱ㻤סɽôǻɽܹס
ˣǵԮˣλɽĵӣɱ֪ĸִһʱûɽӵʿ󣬴ųЩаɱ˹ȥ
Ща˿ߵĿҲ̫һˣԵЩȻϾѾһˣҸճûõʱ򣬾ͱһصһɱħڻţղŻɽ·ʬ٣ֻǶһѪƵѡ
֪ɶʱʼ־Ȼܹ˴ãҲο˲٣ô꽭Ҳǰ׻ġ
ĿǰЩа˹ϱ֮۵ʱҲ̫ʱ䣬һֱڹƻɽ֮ǼҪڡ
ɽȱ𴦣ҪѹԲĴŴһúܶķ󣬿һص˶ĸΧһͱסˡ
ܿ죬֮ٴκɱҵƬ̣ûпĻӦ֪Ǻõʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ǵǰͳһˡ
˻Ǹʶǲ֮ǰɽǸϣһαǼʮҵķ˱һ޴ĺ۸ڵţɷڣǰ㴣Ǽ˲Ķоһš
ּˣôĶ㣬һûɽɱ㣬һûô˰ɣɭɭ˵
ϣ˵ܲ˵һɽӵ˿ɲң˭֪ǸӼƲӵıӻ죬Ҳܶ˰
ǺǡЦֵܺãҿӲʲôʱ򣡡


1904 һս
СţӾһصϣǰһʵ
Ҵһ˲ͱҵǰȻеȱ㳯ҵͷ˹Ҵһãæ˽ȥϵȣһһѪ𵴣죬Žֶû֪
⻹˶תǬƽϼϵתƳȥ˴󲿷֣ڵ֮ϣ֮һ֩һѺۣ˹ȥ
̫ǿˣǳҸү֮⣬ǿߣǰҸоԼܹסһоѾܲˡ
ϵֶκܼ򵥣ÿһжһɽͱһѹһθϽֵʱҾָоӡҪ֮ǰĳǿôһЩϾǶʬڸҵİΪʬħѾһ֣ΪҲǱĬ˲١
һвûнҸſ£ڶ̶̵ʮ֮һʱٴαУһֳҵؿ˹Ʒ֮ݿһ㣬ôؿڵ·Ʒ˺ˣȻٶȿģҸƺʹסһС
ǧһ֮ʣߵļ˲ڷӦ˹ǻоҵһ࣬˵㽫иеϽ𲧳ϵԴݺ˹ȥۿϽ𲧾Ҫײϵϵʱȵһ˻еϽ𲧣һɳ˹
˵ʱʱ죬չһץסҵĸ첲һ£ѦСǰһлɢ˳ǿǽȻȫк
˵ʵϽ֣㶼֪ʲôŽĸ֣ǼһվڽҲܶһ棬֮£ͥŲһ㣬׾ٵı㻯˵
һȴ˻еϽ𲧣Ͻ𲧴͸ǰԮֵĻɽʿؿڣȻֱײһʯ֮ϣǾʯײķѣѦСȥлɢϸûҪ˼Ծû㿪ЩֶζƵм˵Ͳʲô
ǿ̹ȥĽָ΢΢һǿ㱻һɴ˳ȥһĶһǳɣǽһʣȻҵĵˣҲǶֵ
ôǿ˸еˡ
󣬰չ֮󣬽еĻ𾫳һ㳯һɫĻ棬δһץĴֱӽչһɫĻˡ
ҺܿҲӦ˹ٴʩչ콣л㾦ʱӽ֮һɫĹգۼĹ㳯ϴ˹ȥ
ǲܣеһ㽫ǵɫĹ˱𴦣ûһɫĹײ˻ɽļϣֱӴ͸ǵ塣
ͲкǼȫһѷĳϹ˹ȥԼҵı죬ѦСҲеĻľľ֮ûʼסϵֽš
Щ谭ּĸ˵㲻ʲôڳɫɷЩֱӸʴήʮǱһͬΧʱҲòСһЩϾҲǾζսģϵıǿɶɱ˼
ǽҲһѶ̵Уƴ
߸ˣһͬԸϣʮ֮󣬶Ȼ䣬һҽһæͷȥʱ򣬷Ԭ֪ʲôطð˳һ˽ĺϣ˳ȥҷֱһѪ
ʱ򣬰չͻȻԬɱ˹ȥչһеĻ𾫳âһһ㳯Ԭ˳ȥ⽣зǹԪնһ£Ź֣ȴҲԬЩмܡ
ֻǿһۣЩ̫ģԬ߻гʬţһսˣȵӦĵطԬпܻᰵչʤС̬ˣҲò£һߺƴһ߸ɵȥӦչӦԱǡ
ӦһתߣѦСҲսȦ֮⣬ȥӦԬ͵ϮĽˡ
ھֻʣҺͻԼǿˣ˵ʵʣĶƴȻЩмܲסģһʼͷѸͣǽʮ֮󣬵ϷӦ˹еͻȻ˼֣ǶЩмܡ


1905 
ֹ˼Уһѳϵɮۣ¶˶Ǽţǰغϵĳ죬֮䣬ǻϵͻȻų˽âŭĿԾȻһֳֽ䵶һüͭһ𣬹ͬмϡ
һʣ֮ǰùŭĿһڶֳæ
ˣǼƴҲûռʲôˣɱȫѹơ
⧲䣬ϳһɫĶۣЩһ㻯ɫķɶ곯ӭ
ƶ֮ʮֿ£οĶӣ϶Ƿͬ죬Щʰ쵵ĶӳǷʱұһ˷׷˺̱㻭˼գϵ˵ǰ棬Щ֮ڿն𣬿Խϼ
£ٴշ䣬˼޴Ļ򣬳Щײ˹ȥ
Щ̫ˣǵһ㣬޴ĻȻ˲ٶӣҲֻǱˮн̫ãһⳡҶʱЩˡ
Ҫһл콫Щȫʱ򣬿ȴٸһᣬһΣֱӽǼϸˣ̽ȼҵһΣٶ̫ˣֱҪõسɴֶΣգۼĹ͵ҵߣһݺѾýֵֻѸٵ˽꣬һץסϵȣˬͱˣȵ̫أץסȵֱ˲ʧȥ֪һƬֵģҺöתǬת˴󲿷ֵӲʯǱҲȳĽӡ
ҷӦһƳҴ˹ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣֻȥסһơ
Ҳֲƺʹַţȴ޷öתǬƣΪǶתǬǴһֻϵġ
ƿҵΪƿ⣬໥ںһԾ޷ֵһһƺߣֱӵ˳ȥɳʮײŹ˵ϣʱθһʹͷһһѪ˳
ȻҶˣɲŹңƮֳ֮߶ȫ˾ʹӵϻһ˳ۿѾҵߣʱ򣬻еŭĿնȻͳҵǰסϵȥ·
һŭȣеȺôһɨշ÷ȥӣȴӲĸ˳ȥαһΣ׼˻ᣬһϵС˹ȥһ̹ȥʱ򣬶ʱסˣϾȻûж㿪еĽϣȻһоûУͺһ˿֮Уô¶
ǳ׵Ļˣѵϸˣ
Ҳ𾪵Ŀɿڴʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һϮҺϵĺëֱ
ڳұǿޱȵĴ󺰵СŸ磬Сİ
ˣҴʱϻɽǸɳ˱ǱϵԻˣԲӵģȻҲóһУǿ֮Ծ֣϶ΪѾҵ
õ
о֣ҲʹԴУ£Ҷٰ˲ֶΣһԿٵƶ
ǣҸոƶһҺߣͷȥʱ򣬷ֻϽһ˳ȥҸղŻҪңڰ֮УѪϽҲ޹һндɳȥ֮󣬸ղϵķͻȻͲˣȻٴγɱǿǰȥৼ϶նȥǼӦǿΪǿֶˣӰ׷ף꣬Ȼֻһ£ָͷ̽ȡһסǿĽ⣬ȻһŽǿ߷˳ȥ
ϽŲͣұǿˣҪŪң˵
˽꣬Ҫƴʱ򣬷ŽڶЩղסˣһͻȻŽֺȫݣֶֻˡ
ܿ죬Ҿ˹ѾģϵϺ֮ȫ˹ƣֻҪһӴ̱ᱻ¹ơ
øղõĴƣĴ£ԷֹƶɢҪƵĻٴδ߶ƣע˫֮䣬ֹƶɢС


1906 Ӵ師
ƶߵԵ·ӣκιƳʱ򣬿϶ܲס̱ᱻն
ұٴδ߶ƣ⽫ֱ֮µĹƶûʱ䷴ӦһҪأӶĸػлɱҲǲܲˣֱӳɱ˹
ֻ˫֮ϵľʹȹǸһʹеĽ꣬һһٴγ˳ȥһɨǧһɫĽȥȴ׾ٵɨ˳ȥȻһֻɢźֱ֣ҵĲץ
ŴһصΪУ㲻ٻˣ
϶ݺݵ˵ţճɻצ״ԽԽۿžҪץסҲӵʱͻȻ䣬ߴһŹֵ죬ƿһĶüͷһץҵͻȻڰͣôһģһ´֮ϣϽҲ˼һģ
ǳᣬһٰ˲һԣתͷǹϵ˿ȥλ׷ĵ첽߱˹ͬʱҲ˸ղŹϵǼȻһޱȾ޴İ師ž͹˵ġ
ʿõķһýӶ࣬߷һͷһμһλŰ師ģŵҲʡ
λŰ師ϵ֮⣬λȥΪܸߵĵͿȥٶҪʮˣƮ֮䣬ܿ㵽ҵߣĸϵûһֱۣӾͱϣΧסǲһİѽ·֮䣬ſϸʱסǾһС
ĹϸµĹѾӵ˼򴦣Ҳò߶˴ƣ⣬˫֮عȦЩұ۰֮еĹƳȫŸоࡣ
ʱҲע⵽ͣߵǸϵһѪϵĵҲЩòһѳصİ師Ȼһͣǳʮֿ࣬ĵεģһ˼ģĺǹŹ֣ϵ´ۣȻֱ˵Сӣղŵֶβ֮㽫ڵĹƳȫˣ㻹Ҫ˫ڵĶѪųУҪȻ˫ֱҲͷˡ
˵ţϵɷ˵Ǿ޴İ師һ˫ֱϸӣʱкɫѪʶ͵ĸоʧ˺ܶࡣ
лλǰ֪ǣһʵ
ƶ⻪ɽƽ̷ӣӦþϷͷʢҶɣ˴λɽѣлԮ֣ƶмǷӳһ֣ޱȿ˵
˵ͬӴҵĶĤ졣
ԭǷӣеȫһٴһ֣ɫʬҺˣƽ̡
ϵ˻еľ޴師̾ϢһЩھͲˣƶͲ˵ˣܴһɽһɽĶˣǴ˴λɽ֮ΣܹȻȹٺҲ٣аһصһɽӹ룬ۿزסˣҲˣڴ˴ЪŰɣƶ͹ȥɱ
˵ţǷƽתҪߣȴæƽԵƬ̣лҪ㡣
תͷʵҺлֱ˵á
һ˽죬үү࣬ǳĺˣҲ˻ɽ֪ƽ˿ǣҹʵ
Ƿһ㶣ҡҡͷ˵ƶüƶҲ˵ˡ
˵һ죬ʱò̫ԾˣѵǸ¼ҵͷƭҵģûйҲûɰ
ͷһصˣԬŵ˹֪ͨҹġ
ˡ
ƲʱڸƴǼϵһ˷һҽУǱϸˣӶʱתȥһ仰û˵ͳ˹ȥ
ŷԶȥıӰ겻ѣΪⷲӵΪӦò࣬Ϊƺ˻һЩ˼ټǻɽҲһܹеùϡ
˿ˣʹѣҶþѪ֮ķ֮ƺЩҪˣܾû̫̹
ұ㳯Ĵһۣкǿˣ˴ӵϷ첽˹ȥѰչɵӰʱȴûпǵӰҲ֪Ԭʲôطȥˡ
ʮֲ̤ʵԬС̫ˣǻ˴


1907 ̨
ҿһߵĻкǿ϶˲ʣҵòȥ
ϻǿӣܳŵס𣿡ҹе
ܡͬ˵
Щ⣬ղһ»ɽƽ̷ӣ˵죬ֶû˵ҾǿȦףǸ˵һص˰ŵġҵ
㲻֮ǰͷôǳˣôͽЩŵʵ
Ҳ㲻ˣǷͷжɺͰչԬ˹ȥҲûҵʲôطԬĻ̫ˣ°չĶ֣ǸϽȥһѣĴܲҵ죬ʵҲҲͲ˻ˮˣصں涥ţҲΪ˴¶ҵϵ
е˵ͷ˵Ҳã˵ôص˶ôǶѾˣǱһûУǲǴȻɽӶˣٽʬ
ϻ˵¶Щ߷߲ƽҾӦòˣ¾¾ֳ˻үүʶӦòôա
¾ֳǸҲ޿κΣ֮ǰ˼ȫɱˣɵĴ֮ҲǺòײƴ˽¾ֳ˵ǵܾĸֹȻֵܾĸּǹҲҪһʱУؼǻһǱ£ܹƿⷨǼҲϹèӣӲġ
ҲǼƽЩ飬ҶصҲûм̫ϣڹؼֵܼܹƽ£˳㽫ҳʵҲֻܿҲôֵܵע
£Ҹǿϻ׵ȥҰչʱѦС߱˵ĽߵǵǰһѦСҲЩģ浣ʲô顣
ǣұѦСߵС߸磬һ֮ҸطʵڲУҸɫֱӳ֮ⷨɣ̫Σˡ
ѦСȴҡҡͷ˵Сţ㲻õңԱȥҪҲܹĳ˼ҪȻҲƴܾȳȢɡ
ѦСߵĻͷһҶ֪νӻˣֻڨڨһЦȻѦСߵĽ磬֪ǳɹľλô
˵Ĳᣬ¶ҡҡͷ˵λҲ̫⻪ɽ֮Ҳǵһҵͦʦ˵ǳɹǾ̨֮ϣ˵ػǻɽ֮ϵķ󲢲࣬Ҫգ̨ĳɹ֮ȴ˺ķá
̨ʲôλʵ
Ϸ򡣡
ӦһȻǼ˵ȥҰչɣȥ̨תתûʲôҾк뿪
ҾүүҪֵĻпܻǳ̨ķ򣬱ϾǼڵ֮ȥҲ̤ʵ
кһ֮ұ㳯Ϸ첽ȥ֮ǰһͨСȣߣؼʱ̣СȻܾġ
ĹɫѾȫһоǶþѪ֮ķ֮ѾʼЩķӿˣʹұҪӽʱȥ̨УԼʱ߶߲ȥ
ȥ̨·ϣһ·֮϶ڲϵĿɱǻɽĵʿһصڽɱ
ҹȥʱ򣬺ܶ಻۵ļһ·˵ֱӾͳ˷
ҺСһ·ţֱײֱɱһѪ·еʱСǰһɺɷ˵ڣһȥ˽ᣬеʱ콣еǰ·ļһ￳ڵأȻٰ˲ֶΣһ·ǰУ㣬һʮΧɱʱϵ·ȫѪȾˡ
ط̫ˣɽҰǣҲ֪һص״˶ƻɽ
ɱΧ֮ҼϷУ½½ܿƴɱܰͰܰľȥԽǰ߾Խϡ٣ʲô˶ˡ
ǰֱ֮ӱһƬӣһߵһܹԼԶĺɱ֮ұ΢΢۾ϸһΧĞųܿҾ͸Ӧ˳Ϸ״ӯųʮӦþǳ֮˰ɡ
£ұֿ˼ǰͻȻһƵʯ


1908 
ҴչȥһʯѾˣмģּӦС׭ʯԱ߻һضϱӦǱ˸ոտûжãһصѾһ̨֮ˡ
Ƕϱ֮ϣԼܿɹǶ֣ҲûҴط
ǶϱǰͣƬֱ̣Խȥ첽ǰȥûҵǰȻһˣ˲ǱˣԬǸСʦꡣ
ǳ󣬻һСɵӰһͱҸԵˡ
ǸСɵӰҲģǳԬĺӣֻ⺢ӿ̥ʱ򣬱㱻ʬŸ˻ǣ̥꣬ħаʬеаֶˡ
ϵǹҵģͽܰʦ˳
һתʬţҵĽŲͶ
ȻôһĹ򣬴ǳֳʮɮһͬסҵȥ·
ԷҲ׼ƺ֪ҿ϶ᳯط
Щҵûκεľţǰ˳һֳۣԭεգѾڣƤĲϣһȫƣͷɬëڣѾҰףﻹһʮٸֱһģ
ģЩ̾Ϣ
֪꣬ԬȻ︴ʬţҾӦõʱɱ㡣ҳ˵
ǳЦҲɳ˻ʲô𣿡
˵ţǳ㽫Դϵĺɫͷһѳ¶ͷ׵ͷҲָԼһһٵ˵һȫͣ
˻ɻ
ҺСʦܱ˳òһطϢΪĳ֣мƻҶ̥Ҳһʧܣһ²˼ʮ꣬ҵһ˫۾Ϲˣѵ˵һжûһϵ𣿡Թ˵
ඡ΢΢һЦûаͬ飬Ƿ༥꣬о仰˵ĺãɻԬа;Ļһһˣôܹݵǣǻܻڣ֪ϱӻʲô£Ҳͦǵģʲô񶾵鶼ɵĳԼӶɱ
Ϊ˱£еһжΪ˽졣ҧгݵ˵
ƾǣܹסң۾
ǻԣء˵Уǽ̥תʬͻȻǰһվ˳ߣһЩɮҲȫǰ
ҿʬţʱʬſȥЩˣһСģȴƶۣҲǷзŮаɭɭʬӦСģֻǴӳ֮󣬲űֲĹӣҪȻǸɵҲܿСӤˡ
ʬţû뵽ⱲӾȻټ㣬ɱһΡЦ
ʬҲЦûʮİգҲ֮ԱɱΪСӵ͵ϮһʱŻˣһΣ㲻ôˡҲòȥղ㲻ѪΪ𣬼㶯˾Ѫֶܼ֮೤ʱأǺҲҪԱϴɱ֮𣡡
˵ţʬͻȻһ֣ЩɮͻȻǰһ˦֣ʱʮںĶ˵ϣҶһʱһȥʮʬͯ
ɽµʱҾʬͯʱֻһ¾Ȼʮ֮ࡣ
ЩʬͯһأٵķɢܣҸ
ȥʬŵʱͻȻ˼־֮϶ʱܣһʱӰأʮɮʱһĴЦ֮
ڣʬԹĴһʮʬͯͬʱһĲҽУ˹
ЩʬͯʱСȶʱһɺɷҵͷ֮ϣ۵ҿ˭˺СŸ磡
Сһ֮£Щԭ˹ʱסΣȵ޲˿־塣
ǹΧЩȻʬ˵壬ȻᱻƣǶڵбǸ߳˺ܶεĹ˵ȻѹԵģʮʬͯڿСȵʱҲŵڵأˡ


1909 ûʱ
ȵĳ֣ó˶ݵĽ֡
ʬſȥǵʲôԬ϶Ҳʬ˵ˡ
Щɮȵȫһˡ
ǵǼֿ̰־壬ƹĴڣǶûмֻһִڴ˵е塣
ʬŰͷСȣſȥޱȱŤ¶һ˿Ѱζɫ˵ͷ˵СĺܺãΪʬеˣһһܹĹǼûмܹɹ㵼ĹʱҲ˵ܹƿصˣû뵽ǸʬСܸСôɵ𣿡
ţҲ޷Ҳ֮ǰһĺϻ꣬ķı˰éɽڵҢ˴зţˣǸʲôʬֵʦֵĻ꾫Ǳ̵ģվͲһһˣ𣿡
˰ʦֵĻ꾫ʬŻ֪һǿ϶֪ʲô˵զԳԾС
Ĳ˵˰ѰܹõϣԩǺӱѲӣﻹкܶޣ൱ߣŹضˣ̸ʲô˰ˣŲ𾪲Ź֡
Ȼ䣬ʬŵǹһĨаЦݣǺЦСˣɱСӣ
ʬֳһָЩɮһֽУЩԭЩηСȵʬͯʱһͬ˹
ڴʱִһǷʬߣֱӵͷͳҲӵʬͯ˹ȥ
ʬһЩʬͯʬͯ㷢ĲҺϵʬ
˵ʵһʼҾû㿪ΪͶ㲻ʮʬͯǵٶ̫ˣ֪
ܿ죬Ҿ;ñһмʬͯһſҵĺϣſھҪҧ£ڴʱСȻһɺɷΧҵתһȦЩСʬͯЫһ㣬ȥ˳ֻץסһʬһĴ֮УֻƬ̵ĹСʬͯ㱻ʬ˺̿һģ
ЩһΪƾЩʬͯܶԸңǼɮվɭЦſұʮʬͯ˺ƬĺϷȻ鲢ʬͯû˵ңǱ÷ʬ߸˺ü
ЩɮٴαҸ𺳵ˣ׷۴Уϧ
ʬͻȻһ֣˵һЩʲôЩɮʱһϣ׷׳Ҵ˸ʽֱӶ˽ͷ⽵ͷ廨ţ֪йƽ齫ʬҩ֪Ļ֪жаķš
ҲҸЩɮκε֫Ӵбһõӣ׽һɮ˽ͷ
£һɨǧͳЩƽҵĺɮɨ˳ȥһɫĽ籡ľͳɱ˹ȥЩɮҴâ׷ȥ
ʱҶȻ߶˺ϴ辭
ûһҾҪռУȡǰЩȫΪûʱˣǶþѪ֮ʱ䲢еôҪĽսȥ̨һۡ
ڴ߶˺ϴ辭ʱͬʱ߶˵зӡԹ˲ͽ˺ϴ辭
ͬʱҳڸЩʬͯ˵ȣصǬ˱
ҵкʱɺɷǬ˱ҡ
һ˺ϴ辭ʱǿģͽʬʲôɣҾеȵĽ׶ΣֱӽСȸһˣɾʹˡ
ȻˣЩʬͯȷʧȥ˹Ŀ꣬ȻһεĽìͷתңͬʱٴ˹ǵЩС˵ϣҪ¿ڵʱͻȻͷֲ̫ԾˣеʬڴʧҵգЩʬͯſҵţţҪ뿪ϵǹȴǣá
ˣ˺ϴ辭ܿٵ˹ȥЩɮȥһץһɮ㱻ֲ˹һѾץסš
ʱתͷֿʬţһֻĿֲСǰֱվһЦſҡ


1910 ϤϢ
ֱӶ˺ϴ辭ԸʬŴЩ·
룬һҲԬǼһﰲź˵ģʬڴ˴ɱңҲΪ˱ϴɱʬŵĳˡ
ϴɱʬžҪ˶ϣȡҵ
һԹԵľȡ
Ǹܵġ
ԣȲ֮£Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭ҲøЩ˶ֱȫɵˡ
ǶҷŹ½ͷҲӦֱһȫ㶨ʡ˷ʱ䡣
ȳ˴ͷıſϵʬͯǱҪſҧңûü죬㱻˺ϴ辭סˣϵʬаıɣʱûκη֮ģ˺ϴ辭ԽԽǿᣬҲԽԽСΨһıǷʹĲҽУȴԼϵɸɾȻҷ
֣ճЩֵĺɮץ˹ȥܿһɮҸ˹ǹҲץУֹ
һУʬһֱĿţǻһ˿Цݡ
˵ʵҲ̫˽ʬھʲôֶΣֻһĸооǰʬҪҵһμʱҪֲ̫࣬˳֮⣬ɢεơ
У֮ǰʬ͵Ϯңƺа취ܹ˺ϴ辭˺ȻԬϸоңҲҵĳӦ֮
µľ˺ϴ辭Ѿҵĵˡ
ЩʬͯҽƽϢץŵǸɮҲ˴󲿷ֵѸٵĲȥ
˺ϴ辭ڼϵӣЩɮŵķ׷˱ܣȻ䣬һεļǿ˶˺ϴ辭ӣá䡱һһƽض𣬳ЩɮϯȥʱɮҸ˹ҵ˷أԶҵ
ڴʱһֱվڲԶʬͻȻһƵЦȻڵأȻͳ˹ſһֲ˼ĳ̶ȣ¶ϸܵСͳҧ˹
ҵʱһɰɫϢϢ֮ǰûмʬҵʱһ˼־ȻʬŵϱӳһʮرϢ˺ϴ辭ϢЩӽҲһ֮
ܿ죬Ҿ˹֮ǰԬ˵Ϊ֮ͻͽΪʬеһаħܹ֮ɶֵΪԬʦʬӦҲᶮá
Ҳ˵ʬ֮ǰõֶΣε˺ϴ辭˺ʱҲҵΪֲұ˲Ѫ֮󣬻Ἣɸղǰӡ
գۼĹʬž͵ҵĽǰȻԾٴγҵĲӴҧ˹
˵ʱʱ죬ҵһֻѾ˽꣬͵͵Ľʬ߸˳ʬŸһҵļϣû¿ҧסҲӵʱһʬ߾ͳʬŵԴ˹ȥ
һıѾõģ͵˹Ȼʬаֶͨģǿ϶ȫһˣֻҪа֮ǿ϶ڷʬƵķΧ֮ڡ
Ȼҽʬʬŵϵʱ򣬱֪Ƕ׼ˣʬһʬŵϣʬű㷢һЪ˹ĲҽУӾͱ˳ȥϻð˴ʬ
ʬתָɮһ㣬ͨϵкͻ۵Ĺ¶תģȫаݵа
Էʬܹ߱ס
ʬŹڵ֮һϲæ˷ʬߣȻһֻһץ㳯ʬץ˹ȥʬžһӶȻ䱻˺ϴ辭ǣֱץС
ʦԶĳ꿴ʬűҸץסˣʱһҲ߱˹һлᦣһ֮䣬ɫĻ糯ϯ
ʬ
ֶζ˺ϴ辭˵ȫСƣ𲻵κã˲㱻ɴȻҲҵĽǰ
ҸоԴԴϵͨҵë״ﵽҵ澭ͨ澭תƵҵĵ֮Уԭұʬ˲ΪﶼݽˣȴֱһµָоǺεȵĳ⡣


1911 ߲ʹâ
ʬԭſϵʮʬͯ󲿷ֶ˺ϴ辭ɵˣϵȻҷеǺɮҲҸң߻Ƶ⼸ɮҲٵĲȥ
ʵұŮֵģӡУҺҲûɱŮˣŮʮֿɶ
ڣҲòʹɱ֣
ҲٸǼȥˡ
Ҷ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬶õĵʩֶΣɽ֮еʱ򣬱Ƕʬ˰ΪʬħѾԽЩɵһˣԼҵĹȫڵ֮С
ɵĹ˵ѾͬСˡ
ʮʬͯټǼɮתʬţг꣬ɵΪȫҵģѾܺˡ
һҵĵҲٻôܹѿ
ĿųǶ񶾺ͲʵĿ⿴ңͷٵİȥʬоҵ˼£ܿҲƽϢ
ҵĵûֿҪѵĸоѾʮʬͯͺüɮʮֵĳ⡣
ȻָоûгãȻ䣬ҵǰԶĺڰ֮أȻѿһӣȻ߲ʵĹâǸӵ翪һԶźһǿȻ䳯ײ˹
ҿʲô
⶯ŵһһûüӦ߲ʵĹâЯһǿƥݺݵײҵϣҸ˳ȥ
˺ϴ辭ܵǿ֮£Ȼɢˡ
Ȼұӵսսɢ߲ʹâĵطȥǹâͲԶоҲͰ֮ңһʼʮǿǹƬ֮ϵʱҸоޱȵƣһ죬Ӷһ۵ĸоر
߲ʹâʲô
к棬ɵ۾ȥȻһ飬԰ʬźǳ˻ûɱء
뵽ұ㳯ܿһۣԶмɮҴҵ߹ų꣬ʬ˺ڰ֮С
һɲУѼӿɲܾˣת㳯ű㳯ųʬŵķ׷˹ȥһתԶͻȻһЦЦرϤȻ˵һ
⻰ҵľΪԷ˵̩̩ܹġ
˵˼ǣطڱˣߣǸϽϼһķظˣĵ⴦츣رᱻǸˡ
æͣΪ˵ʶǺˮʥ̵Ķߡ
˵ôһֱûпԭǶƻػ淨
ղǵ߲ʵĹâƿ֮չֳĹâ
һߵҵľͲһ£ⷨһƣɹ汻ǸƻˣɽĶ츣ؾͽڡ
ؼǣүү
£Һܿ˾ϣȥ׷ʬźͳˣӦȥǳɹǴ˵ֹܹƻ⻪ɽĶ츣ء
֮ء
£ұתǰ첽ȥҵĽŲᣬϢָһƬïܵĴ֣һĲݴӵĺ档
һƬڰĲĵطѿһֻݵһ˽ķ϶߲ʵĺǴǵ϶֮ɢġ
ҹȥʱֻмߺ۵ʦǷ϶֮룬ûпߣѾǰһǷ֮С
һһصͦаϸɨϰߴ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪΪܹסӣߵֶȻҲʮָȻǲ˺ܶࡣ
ſڲݴȺƬ̣е˶Ƿ϶֮УֹһǷ϶ȻʼһһСˣò˶ãⷨͽȫպϣʱҾͽȥˡ
˼Ƭ̣Ҿȥƣʶһǳ֮ʲôӣܲܳҾͲˡ
£һΣһٰ˲㵽Ƿ϶ԱߣһǷ϶֮С
ʱҶþѪ֮Ѿȥһʱˣԭ֮Ѿӿǵٴζһ˺ϴ辭ʮʬͯͺüɮַ֮֮Ҳоˡ
ΪѾһΪԼá
֮ǻֻᷢǲ֪ҪȵʲôʱˣԼڻܱʢսһҪһЩ顣


1912 
֮ⷨУҵ黹ĪЩһ֮ұһطΣĴɨһۣǰһƬïܵӣ͸֣ܹ߲ʰ쵵Ĺâ˸ε˶۾
İ
ѵǽ˵̨ɣ
ԭضƬ̣һʱô˴ӯһڶĿʮֵɽ츣еͳӯ滹бӵŨ
ȴҲ֪ǲΪǳɹǵԵʡ
ղⷨߴͻȻһȱڣйŲһɼҸ˳ȥ
˿̣߲ʵĹâ˵̹
طܺãҶһҸط˯һĳ嶯
֪ҪҪ˲ʣ£Ҷ˶񣬳ǵķ˹ȥ߲ʵĹâ̫ۣҿ̫Ǳжˣֻǿ˼Ӱ߲ʹâԴͷȥ
߳˺Զһξ룬ֱҪʱҲŰŪһϢָһ·ȥ
вʱƬӣȻͿǰһƽ̨ƽ̨ľͷһ£ڶµĸһʵĹԶұ㿴Ĺ֮мӲӵĴ֣дǡϣɡ֣ĹΧ߲ʵĹâöĿ֪ԭЩâǴĹɢ
֡ͼϡšҡӡͺšϣĹϵּԿڴ˴˾ǳˡ
ɹڶ츣֮Уӯ֮ڣǵŸ֮ʿһǧǰĸˣŸɽò
ھȻ˴ɹǵ⣬ǳıӵˡ
òףҴӳĹϽĿƿˣȻǱߵ˿ȥ
ϸɨߵ֮󣬶ʱһѾģһΪߵĶ־һأϸȥʱ򣬷ߵ߾Ȼǰ׻ϣ˵ڱ֮۵ʱûпֻԬԭǸǱΪ顣
ԽԽ㲻ˣһصڸʲôԬ˦ʲôıơ
Ҳ벻ףֻýĿٴοǡ
ߺͰ׻֮⣬ǵ߻ʮɮӤͷ֣ڲ˺üȦ˵ںˮʥУҵӤͷԽ֤࣬ΪԽҲ֪ǲġ
ǰ׻ŵʮʦȷߺ۵ĴףʵС
֧黹ǿ˵ˣĸڣҲܱǸˡ
ܿ죬һ˾ߵ˳Ĺ֮ǰĹԼʮ׵ľ롣
£Ӳ˵׻ϣǻǧǰһֵĹ᣿ʲôģ
ĹŵıǳɹǣɹǾ͸̩ɮµһɽĶ츣أҪɹ֧šǰ׻ϴ
鴫⻪ľȻôڣһǽ˵Ĺڿ˵ɹǸóˣ˵ɹɷҩǼõģҲҪһصôæֻȡ֮һô߿˰׻ϵ
˵ЩˣһصˮʥѺðڣﻥպˮʥҪһصĵط岻ݴǣɹĪ˵ʲô֮һǾͶһ壬ȡһɡ׻ϵ˵
ˬ죡Ϸϲǻ⣬һص¶̹Ͱհ׻˵ģǽɹڳһһ롣ֵ
˵ţ߱ߵļɮʹ˼ɫĸɮųĹ˹ȥ
ȥүģһصҲ̫ôûˣô˵ǳҲǻˣһ˾ĵŸǾȻˮʥ̣ȥڳķڣȱµѼˡ
ǼɮųĹȥұЩ಻סˣҪȥǼˡ
ϸһ룬̫԰ֻһҹƸɹЩѣ˵а׻ϺôĴ׺ͺɮˣһȥǹȥ
У¶³çֹɣԼСȥǾͲˣһǶ˵ɡ
£ҲɫĽ˳׼ʱ֣۾ȴǼɮ
ǼɮֵߵĹǰְ곯Ĺ˹ȥʱ򡭡


1913 סҲҪ
߸׻һҪķڣƻŽ˼ҵڳɷƵҩһ̹
ȻҲǻɽĵӣҼҵֶδ󲿷ֶéɽǵ˾ĵŸµߺ˲֪
һصа̣еĺܶ෨ҲԴڵһ¸صǰҲҪһذɣ
һصȴҪĺˮʥھڣֱӾḶ́Ӷ̡
ҲóȻͷȥԼжٽ϶߻ǰ׻ϣҶû̫İܹǸɷڵأ˵߻ôʦͺɮˡ
£һ֣мɮųĹ˹ȥЦӯӯģһ̰ɫһɮ㳯Ĺ˹ȥ
ȻʱͻȻĹ̽һѽѽƫУôǺɮؿڣһġ
ѽٶȺܿ죬綾߳ʮ׼ͷóȻ֣Ǹղվһܹ㿪
Ȼ俴ѽ̽һ˭أ
ѾǳĹļɮڿһĻ֮󣬷׷ŵˣһֵģ˭뵽Ĺ滹ܲһˣȻǰ⴦ڡ
ǼɮɵˣߺͰ׻ҲǳԾС
ܹڰ׻Ϻǰβֵˣ֤ԷǸʮĸ֣ңҲϢָŲöԷҵĴڡ
ѣһǰ׻˵
һ䣬Ĺ滺̽һѽǰѽǰǺɮ壬һһ̽ȻһӰ¶˳Ҷһ⻹ǸͷȥиʮңͷףüëбŲ֮У߱ӣ۾ŭʱ϶һ˧硣
˼Ǻɮǰ˼ǳĹ֮ǰȻһ֣㽫Ǻɮʬ˦˳ȥ˵˴ҳ¼֮ĹκҪԴĹҪ
˼ᣬһһվǳĹ֮ǰǧһ㣬ʮǿ
ԱŵʱҺܿ˹ǰλ˼ҲǱˣӦþǳүү࣬Ϊղ˵ҵڡ
˵ֲó쳤˱£˼һðүӶһˣ˧ĸ»Ƶġ
ҳүһۣûпӰӸүүһģأ
һвЩþöûмˣ֪ﵽ׻ûԹ
һӿ϶ʮİɣһ뵽ҸоԼЩ޷ˡ
Ҷ˼תߺͰ׻ŷӦ˹
ǳ¼ҵˣǰ׻ǰһʵ
Ϸ࣬ǳĵϵˣ֪һصҪԻɽͼı죬ϷĶ̨֮ϣǹҪԳ¼治ǾҪϷһ˵Ȼ˵
׻΢΢һЦһ֣˵ǳ¼ǽ֮һصļ壬Ϊһֱʮֵ͵ҪΪ飬ǳ¼ҵҲɣ

þƾһܹס𣿡׻ٴЦ
סҲҪô֪ϷǷȰһ䣬þʹ˰֣СǴ
ǰ׻Ϻ߶һۣͻȻЦЩ˽ҲǿЦֹ
ˣͲҪѰ·ˣʶĸϽ뿪ҪȻһɱϷڶǿǳףһҵǳҡߺٺЦ
һֻеĽһ
׻ͻȻһתֵϵܣ׻˵ʶʱΪܣľܣϷҲǿһ˲ţΪҲ㲻ͼһصɣұ֤ƽ£¼Ҷ𡣶϶Ҳ֪ܶϾҪسˣ˼ֻҪһֵ֣ܹ¶ֿɵãǸʥԵľֻ·һ
ϻ˵ԹаʤһصҪ֮·Ϸ֮Ϊ飿Ц
úúáƲԳԷƣǾͲҪϷ򲻿ˣɱ׻һ֣նܿͳУǼʮʦͺɮͬߣȫǳ˹ȥ


1914 ˼
ҲɵѪڣѾģүӰٷ֮ٲǵĶ֣ҪҪأ
˿ǳүүܼȣ
뵽һҧƴˣ±˽꣬ƾҪ˽ȥ
ȻȥȻ㿴һâĹĺڶǻһĺɫѪһɫʣǺâһ˲ɢŮɢһ㳯ߺͰ׻ϵ˵ȥ
˰׻ޡһϤЩȻȻЩɫı˰˲ȼ˺ɫĻ棬Щ˰ȥ
ߺͰ׻ϷӦĵǿһЩ˲㿪ȥЩʦͺɮмûü㱻Ѫɫı˰Ȼ䡱죬Ǽ˾ͱ˰ȼˣǻʮֵʢЩ˶ûüҽУֻ΢£㻯һŻҽɢ˵ϡ
󣬴ǳĹƮɳһӰ
˪ݣ磬ȣһɫװӢˬеؿڹĹĵģﻹһɫȼյı˰
һ̣ҵСһ̣ҸоŮ·һĺÿ
þöûмˣ˾Ķǡ
ֻʱȥӵˣǽһ㺮˪һĪĴʹҡ
һ֣׻ϺһǿǶ˰ʱ򣬷׷׶ɫ
˰׻ϵһȻ˳ⶫŪģ
΢΢̧˫˰׻ϣ˵˭ٿһ
ɱ⣬Щ
˰ɲ˭ŪŪģҵ͵һ䣬Сȥܹ֮ǹŹ֮УҲų¼ķŰɡ
ܶ߶֪˰ǺöŪֵָͷĹ
һ֣ڶݵ֮߿۾ֱˣϼһһͣ˵Ҳоʮĸˣһ椣ǹҲ˳
۾ûôעеı˰ǿͻȻٺһЦ¶һڴ˵׻ϣһأҳҪһǳǣŮҲҪһ͸ңҪضǣúõһŮһ˼ﰡɱǿϧ
׻ϻͷһߣҲǺٺһЦ˵ѾͷһһƥϸҪܹܴȥǣϷҿûʲôǶҪϸԼıˡ
˵˵ҵϷǻĵŮ˵ûôʣǿ˵ˣŮһҪȥֵ
޼ɵ۳죬ǽһ
ҿʱ򣬷Ѿֳһ˿糺죬Եģ޺޵һ޳ܣɣ
˵ţһ֣еı˰˳ȥߵ˶ȥ
ڱ˰ɳȥʱ򣬳һֽϵ˳ֱɱǡ
̧ͷһǱ˰΢΢һ֣һʱкɫɷֱԼͷ֮ϡ
ɷ֮γһĺֱӽ˰ɢĻ֮סˡ
Ȼ߹ЦЩȵ˵С˾ͽˣ׻ϣǸһֱɱ˱ǡ
˵䣬ѾеıӸٵĹ˼УиеӾһͣڳ˵ΧƣȥʮֵɣԵЩ
һ߸ƴһߵЦ˵СˡҵСˣϷ̩ɣϷ֤㣬ҪʲôϷ򶼻ġ
첢ûӦֻиĽУȻ䣬ҿ콫Ǳ˰һеϣʱðһźɫĻ⣬˰ÿȥһðŻӵı˰߶ȥ
һ߱㲻ٴˣһξ룬ƴҲʼС
ǳǱߣҪȳҪպܶ࣬ȻΪǸ׻ڲ֮䣬ߺͰ׻ߵЩɮʹʦһԵȫΧ˳࣬Ƶĳ಻ϺˣüζЩ˶Էİ㡣
˵ʱҾӦóɱȥүһѣҾʱܳȥڻõʱҪȵԷȫûзʱͻȻǵȻһһɱѣһҪȡ˶Է


1915 㣡
ҶڲݴԵĺ棬۲ǰԶս֣Ž꣬ѰܹһɱĻᣬ۾ߺͰ׻֮Ʋ
ڵԳүү༫Ϊ
˵ôûүԭһͶ˳֮ȴϵһص˻ԳǲԱΪؼĵط
Ҳˣѵ⻪ɽ֮ϣƽ̺ͻɽ֮⣬ûиִ
ɽĶʬǳɵĴڣ
ҲǼƽЩʱһĹ򣬶Էƴɱһֽŵ״̬үӺΣˡ
Ȼ䣬ǰ׻һصݺݵĿ˳үӣеĳâһס˰׻ϵصʱߵһɮͻȻһ֣˳࣬ײ˹ȥʧɫæս󳷣ʱ򣬰׻ͻȻһţһ˰׻ϵؿڣ߷˳ȥ
ӺݺݵײǳĹ֮ϣȻһ죬Ĺ֮ϾȻײ˼ϸСѺ۳
ǳɫ࣬Ѿʳһ˿ѪߣȻһЩˣүֻ΢΢һ٣ٴվֻǵոǰ׻ϱ㵽˳ߣһصٴγų˹ȥ
үүڸƴɱĳ쾪һеһ˦һðŻӵı˰Ű׻ߴ
ڸƴɱĳ죬ڵүүİΣòʱȻסүӵ
Ǹ֮ƴݲðҳΪͲߣֻҪһܱ̾ץס
쳯Ű׻˦һ˰ʱþͱץס˻ᣬеĳһһ±ס˳ֱ֫ӽ쳯Լ˹
СˣҵˡߴЦһֱҪ§ڻ
үģСүŮȾָ
ʱǰͲסˣ߽עȫ˳ϵʱ̱߶ٰ˲֮һӵʱ䣬㵽ߵߣȻһߵĺĴ˹ȥ
ĸ֣ԻʮָߵģһɲǼ䣬ܵΧųĲȻǱ޿ɱܵǧһ֮ʣǻζһΣеĽһ¾ϣ
ڡһ죬ԵĸоеĽըѪֶٴС
ˣ
Ҷûпһߵʲôλʱ͸оһȷ棬ɷæ˽꣬˳һץס˳ĸ첲֮ȥ
߸ովȽŸͿһðɷĹӴҸղվĵطһȻһʯͷϣһ˵С
˲ǱˣԬվڲԶһЦĿҡ
СʲôʱҲˣ
СŸ硭ץס첲ĳͻȻһҴԬջĿ⣬תߵĳ죬ԭһ˪ڿ֮˲ڻˣҿкᣬ滨һ㣬ץĸ첲ȴһֻЩסҵ֣յĽģ˿̵Щ΢΢Ȼ϶֪
ӣˣڣκ˶˺㡣ҳ˵
صĵ˵ͷ̲סĹֵСŸ硭㲻ġ
ɽ𺣣ΪҲҪһҲԹԣӣ㻹𣿡ҿ˳
ֻҡͷ᲻ͣǰ˪žյŮӣǸչֳԼǿһ棬ǽʱգȴǰ˳һСŮһ㡣
ʵΪͻȻ־涣Ϊίһ˵Ŀ֮һȫ˳ҿǷ̫ˣ֪⣬ȴǰסһŮˣʱȴֻתĬĬȥ
ӣһۡ
ʱҵͻȻ֣öԷٴٴһ㣬׻Ҳ˳ȥ˶˳Ĺ֮ǰ
ҿߣʱ߻ţֻһѪֹһŻڲѪ˿һ߶ݺݵĿңҧгݵ˵㡭㣡ҽһҪɱ㣡
ҪǸղڹؼʱ̶һ£еĽѾ࣬ûˡ
ң첻ŪңŪǣ˵


1916 
ͷˣôĿܻڣҾѾ漣ˡԬеɻб۾ңǵһĨζЦݣӡ
ǰܻ漣ˣǽ뻪ɽΧķʱǴܵԬƣ˵Ƿ֮УԬѾǣǷеĻأҲð˽ȻӶܵԬİ㣬ֻһĿģŪҡ
һ붴츣֮еʱһϾʣ°ˣʬź˲ѪΪҪҶ˾Ѫ֮Ҳŵڣڲ֮ǰһܹоһЩ֮
һܹȥģϾղôʮʬͯкüɮ
˵䣬ǳŽؿھߣϸҿһۡ
ҷֳɫһ죬æſץҵ֣ǳ˵үүʬҵĺˡ
ǳϸٴοۣ΢Ц˵һ˲ţⱾҲҼĿеˣ϶Ǵˡ
үү˵ʲôءЩҵĲһ۽ǵᣬɫһ¸ˣһֱ쵽˲Ӹţҿҡ
˵ĪҲ̵ģô˵ӦǸүүôһˣҲ˵ҵ顣
ͻȻ䣬ҵ־Щ̹Ҳ֪ôԺͻȻӰһζһʱ侹Щȡᡣ
ʱͻȻݺݵ˵ҽһҪɱ˭ң
ʥĪҪżǶг𣬽Ƕܻųȥˣһ㣬˸նɱˡԬҵ
ܺãɣЩ飬û뵽ɣȻҵһҪǰҽɱˣԺˮʥ̺ǽǽΪѺõĺ飬ǵĻǺˮʥ̰ǳߵ
Ǳڶһ磬ԼװͲӣҪӴĺˮʥȣԴ϶˺ܶ࣬Ԭܹˮʥ̴Ϲϵǿ绢ˡ
Ԭһϲ³һ֣ʥҾͶлˡ
ллҲ˵Ȱɱ˵ѾЩȲˡ
£еıһ˦㳯Ҵ˹еĽҲƴһл㾦㳯߶ȥ
ûжԣУ϶һҪ
Ҵȥһǽ֮ӶʱǰϮȥߵĽǰʱԬɻҵǰһӱ㳯˹
ͬʱ׻Ҳˣܿ㱻˵ĳ
ȥԸЩɮѪկߺ۵Ĵʦȥˡ
ҵļ룬ҲǲֹۣΪԷͻȻֶһԬ
ԬСûħ֪֮ɵ˶ٸֵΪΪͻͽоһҲѷɫڵҡ
ҲܹԬϷ㣬ȻԬڵΪɶķǺȣζԬӴʱҷԬͷкܶ඼ǰ׷илرҲ֪⻯ħ֮ģվа
аܹٵ˵ΪǶȴһķ֮Ҫô٣Ҫô˺ܴԬ϶ռһ
Ϊ˱ʲô鶼ĳġ
˲䣬Ҿ͸ߺԬ֣һθֵ߽ʱɽʱҸ֮Ϊһأһֱ׷Ŵܵɽľ֮У˶ʬΪҵΪͻȻһأȻ۷һߣԶߡ
ߣһο϶ˡ
ֻһ֣ҲŸеأΪһһҪͬʱԸߺԬ˵ΪҲࡣ
ҪΪ߸ղű͵Ϯһ˵жȥʮС
ѣͳһվʱɥΣա
Ҫһ¶Ըʮ֣ʮɮʮףһҲЩӦ
үӸղˣ԰׻ϣȥҲֹۡ
֮䣬أһļǡ
ǳǱߣЩɮͻȻͷųʬͯ͹ƳԸЩɵĹƳ滹߷˹£һҧȻͭǮ˱ͭǮ󣬻һ죬ϰٵߺԬɨ˹ȥǶһæ߶㿪ˡ


1917 ޻
ǽűͭǮƣһ±ˡ
һǬ˱ңСϽȥҰƽЩҷĹƳ棬ͬʱȥһ£浣үиʧ
С֮ǰһֱסҵЩʱҸڤڤ֮УСȱܹ֪ҵһЩ뷨
СһʱһɺɷЩĹƳϯȥ
ɺɷϯĵطʱƳ׷أڵĹƳ棬ҲȫɥСȵ˳ߵʱ̱ǰ˼ܱܿƾƮɢɫС磬֮䣬ЩСֻ׵ĹԶʤЩɮʹʦǡ
Щ׵ĹЩΪĺɮʹʦ˵ʲôҲԶԶǵĶ֣ϣԶγѹԵƣһĻҲסǺܳһʱ䣬ӭϢ֮
˲䣬̨֮ϣ֮Ȼ˹ɱ죬һֻȥ֧Ԯ˳࣬һҲ߱˹ʼԸԬߡ
ҷСȼֱҵСǣһаԲˬֱȺս
һҲ߼˲ѹìߺԬɱ
ԬЩû̫š
еĳһ˦֮䣬ʮɢԬϬޱȣеɻרԸЩ֮׼ġ
ɻ֮䣬ǹҲ˺һɻкܶϸ·׵ĿնһӶᷢĹХ֮±дƬĹɻ
Ԭֶιǿ˺ܶ࣬Ҫô򷨣СȼЩصʧء
ҿԬʱͻȻһһǳҪ顣
Ҽǵ֮ǰԬ񱻰չסˣȻһûкȥչԸԬ
Ԭǰչȥأ
أҷҽȫȷʲô֮١
һ뵽¶ʱͲܵˡ
СŪһ֮Ҷʱһлɳ˵ġ
ԬЩסʱȽ߸ɱ˵ҾһС
ţȻҲ˽ҵ⣬ʱٿЩȫһԶĳԬӿ˹ȥЩȡһЩʱ䡣
һߵǹ˳еĳޣҺɨ
΢΢ЦүģܵĵĵҰ޻ء
£һ㳯߿˳ȥ߶콣ǻʽʱһɫĻӽ¶ϯȥ
߶ȻһУеĳ޶ʱһɫӭײɫĳܿһ𣬶Ǻ޼ңܲˣֱӳɱ
á
ҹֵģһż˼ֱֳңңĳһƣһɾӭ
Ҵʱ˺ϴ辭һץ˹ȥ
˺ϴ辭еĳڣĞųǺܴҲû̫ķ
һƳʱҵ˽꣬ƺʹƵֶΣӲĽߵһơ
һʮֵĻֱЩ飬ܿͱתǬƸת˳ȥ
ƴһ֮󣬳δ뿪ҷ־ץסߵӣȻ߶˵зӡԩԹ˺ϴ辭Ȼȫ˳
һ£޷ҵֱۣо˴ɢһɿֲ֮
ʱ䣬߾Сʲôа
㲻֪ھ̡˵
ߴ֮࣬Ҳ뵽ǣǱ˺ϴ辭ţȻܹз֮һֱֳֻۣ˹
һҧӲؿڽסһƣؿһƣ³һѪҺ֣ܿһֱҲץסˡ
ֱ۶ץεģҪѶѣҿֲǣ˺ϴ辭Ѿ߶˼Ϊʢʱ̣ϵΪԴԴϵĳҵĵۡ
ǳ׵Ļˣҧ˺ü¶ûѳȻҸе˼ǣߵԴͻȻһأȻԴ塣


1918 
ҲʲôԶ޷ǰһĻ
ڱ˺ϴ辭ס֮󣬾ȻԴ˲ӣԴ˰գӿֲǣһԴ滹һͳӣҪжġ
ڶǳķͷ׻˵нϣзͷ
˵ķͷõ
һɽ߶ͷʱһֻһûüɷͷ߽ͱǶʬϽ˵ض֮УҾͲ֪ˡ
ɽ֮һһѦСߵĸѦɣͷǸʲôΪʲô˴ôֲ
ȻѦүӾ͸˵ˡ
˵νķͷǽͷʦ÷䡢֮½Լͷ­ܹУﵽԼĽͷ
ͷʦտʼͷʱ򣬱ҺһصĵطȷͻȻ⵽ɧţŻڰҹʮʼ·ͷͷܹ߸׶Σÿ׶ζҪʮ죬ǹԲ
ͷֳ֮Ϊɽнͷ棬ΪĪ⣬ҲΪֲϯͷ
ͷʦͷ޼ǬŲһÿһ㣬Ϊ֮߸׶ȫ֮󣬽ͷʦܹ
Ȼͷһ׵飬֮ǰ߸׶ͷʦֻͷ­ɳȥѪѣԼ٣θĸƢһɳȥèèѪѪȻҲѪĸɸɾֱθ֮ȫѪʱ򣬲Ż᷵ؽͷʦϣȹ߸׶Σͷʦ˷ͷ
֮󣬵ʩչͷЩɢɢĳθͲͷУ䣬ױ֣ҲͱȽ״ﵽԼĿġ
ͷɹ֮󣬽ͷʦͲѪˣÿʮ죬ȴҪʳие̥׶εķͷֱͳΪиΪֲʡ
׶εĽͷʦ࣬ν޼ΪͷǸΣԵĽͷǽͷʦԼޱȵģѪ˱𣬷һ㾵ͷǾͷ
Ȼڷͷĸش˵ѦүӸ˵˺ܶ࣬ڴ˾Ͳܡ
ߴ˿̵ģʦûȫɷͷ
Ϊͷɹ֮󣬾ͲҪʲôĶˣŹֶģǾֻһԴշС
˿̣߱ƾǷͷֶΣԴȴųθһͬɳҶȥ
ߴҪ뿪ԼʱҶʱǾϵΪ֮һգ˺ϴ辭ǿ֮£ǾʬʱɱȥٵķɣȻһŷĩ
ɳȥµĳθһ䶯ȻѪѦү˵ͷɱҪʩչѪѪֻҪ΢һ˷ͷĿܣ˺ϴ辭ѪȻֲֻǸ䲻ҵߣ㱻˺ϴ辭ֽˣȻתҵĵ֮С
ߵ屻ҴңһԴ࣬һ֮ߵԴزԼͷͻǰԴҲ֮Ϊһ̱ŧѪ
ⶼѦүӸ˵ġ
һҲˡ
ȻûԤϵǣ߼Ѫ˲ңȻ̩һͨȻڸЩƴһɮߣ˦һ³ӣһ½һɮĲӸסˣȻǳӻǺɮ˼ȦǺɮ͵һᣬǺɮԴʱͱ߸
ˣǺɮͳҲ߸ק˳
ޱ𾪵Ŀע֮£ߵԴȫǺɮ֮У߾ȻסǺɮԼġ
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
һǲľͲˣԼ塣
˵ϼһʮĸ䣬һˣ컹ɫԵģ˵֮ǰһӵġ
Ǽһγ˴֮󣬲ңֻվڲԶĶңһʱǲٴҵùͷ
һͣѡĿ꣬ȻץסߣһԶԸˣ£һ֣㳯Ÿƴһɮץ˹ȥǺɮһ٣ȻȻ䱻ϵգۼĹҵУǺɮΪȻȴ˺ܶ࣬һµûУϵΪԴԴϵע뵽ҵ֮С


1919 ɽ
˺ϴ辭һұ㿪ʼ޼ɵЩɮѪկ׵Щ˽ӶıҸ˹ڲԶץȴβٴοңǱҸ˸ɡ
˶ݵĽ֣ҶҲԽԽ
Ƭ̣ԶͻȻ㼱͵ĳԬСӲƽֶôϽģ㵲סЩ壬ȥԸ
˵䣬߲ɷ˵㴳Щ֮еĳ޻֮䣬ϵĽЩСȼȫĻɢ
Ԭڳ߿һۣǼϲòܴ˿Ҳҿ̫
ϸ۲ۣȻͻȻеɻĬ˼֮Ȼ˼ɻ֮ͻȻ֣Ȼ󣬱㳯ߺȻ˹
ȥʲôֶΣ
£ұ㽫еɮֱӴңһ֣ԬǸɻץ˹ȥ
ɻɷڣҵʱһܹĹХ֮
˲䣬ɻ㱻ץǵҵִɻʱ򣬶ʱоЩɻܴץסɻͬʱӾȻȻ䱻ײĵ˳ȥֱԶǳĹ
ˡǲһ춯ʯӦϡ
ûԤϵǣڴ߶˺ϴ辭ʱͬʱҲһɻеֻһ˲Ҿ֪Ԭĵˣɻв֪ʲôֽţɻеϢ˺ϴ辭ɵеʱ򣬶ʱоһͷǣϢĶĴҴܣȫԼˡ
үģֱԬһѡ
ԭ˺ϴ辭׶ΣѾȫջȣԿ˺ϴ辭˵ҪɵĿꡣ
ϾҸղڸƴʱǳͳ춼ҲԶҪ޷ƵĻǿ϶Ҳܵ˺ϴ辭Ĳ
ڣԴץһԬɻ֮˺ϴ辭͸ҿˣϵϢҴܣͣȻ˺ϴ辭ֱӳ˷ɢȥϵĻĲ˲ήʯͷ׷֮ѿ
ӿֲǣҸо˺ϴ辭ڲӶȥǳĹҲ˺ϴ辭߽⡣
Ҫеɻɻһ˦ѡ
ʹʱԬͻȻЦһЦţһ߲ţ˵͵ŵﱬѶɣɻϱһַɽרΪ׼ģ㻹ɵȥӣȥ㡭
治ϣһεıԬˣʲôֶΣȫоΪרŶԸҵġ
˿̵ܵǷɽϮ˺ϴ辭ȫܿƣ޼ɵĳӣһпɵ
Ľʹ̣ҲӵĹͣȫѪֱܶ
Ҳֹ˺ϴ辭ָͣˡ
СŸ硭쿴ʹģ֪ҿ϶ҪŲסˣǰЩ˦һ˰һƬ죬Ҫұ
ҪϽ˺˭˭˻ߵĳųš
Ȼǲܲ˵ĳȴүүһס
ɰ೯߿һۣɫʹ˵
ԬҶһУ˺ϴ辭ӣߵĴҲȫͣС֪Ҵ˿룬ҲڵĴ˭ܹңֻҪһ˺ϴ辭ķΧ֮ڣᱻɡ
СҲܣ壬Ҳһᱻɴ
ԬĴЦţȴʹĲҽš
ȫҪ˺ѿĸо
ָоҺѾܾúܾöûˣҸոսӴ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬺ֻڱӵԩȫӿʱҲŻʹൽҪĸо
ԴԴϵۣԽԽ࣬Ѿ
ڰ׻ϵҲû˼ȥԸͳˣǿϷһĿңĴЦš
ѽԬϷûп㣬ȷǸĺĽɫܶس֮Ϸ϶ܶƼ㣬˼ҴһЩֶΡ׻ϼ˵
ֶΣСѣ׳ˣֶҶ̫˽ˣν֪֪ˣܰսԬҲЦ


1920 ɹ
ҲЦԬСӣЩֶΣģǺˮʥ̻ǽǵ˳Ϊѵġ
ȴҲ֪ΪʲôȻѾʹ֣оʱҪȥӣ˵ÿһ֣ÿһ仰ȫ
ڳʹૣͣĺСŸҲҵĶ
ʹѾ쵽˼㣬ǹһˣһҵԴһʹģҲٶһӡ
뼴ѦСߵľתιǵЧҲҴʹʮ֮һ
Ȼû뵽ǣҵʹﵽһּޣоϾҪʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬˺ϴ辭Ӷȥһů͵ϢͻȻƺӷһԡҵȫʱҲٵʹࡣ
ֹƬ̣ʹּ˺ܶ࣬ҹ͵ĵҲȥ⵽ôһ¶
Żһ壬תͷʱ򣬵ǳĹѨͻȻһº͵߲ʹâų˿˺ϴ辭ɵǴӳĹѨ֮ͷųĵɷ֮
Ȼ䣬ұ˹ôһ¶ˡ
ɹ֮ǻɽĶ츣صһۣǧǰһŸΪɹȻҲ̺͸ҵ֮ͬ
Ҵ˿̶˺ϴ辭ɵǳɹǵԴԴϵĵɷ֮
ɰǵΪ֮Ȼ֮ӵıɵγһкá
Ȼһж룬ǲԭȴö֪ˡ
ֻҾϵʹڿٵȻҺܿʹӵԬеɻеҲ˺ϴ辭ɸɾˣҳԱһζһ壬ȫĹ죬ָоʮֳ⣬̥һ
ҲͣʹൽޣȻֱ߳ĸоЩ񫣬ǴӳĹѨ֮ӿǹͶ˳ת澭ڵһһĳˢҵ壬Ҿûٴγ
Եػĸоʱ䲢Ҳڷʹ˻𣬶һö˶˵վߺͰ׻϶ʱɫ
ԬҲüͷһ˼˵⡭⵽ôˡôˣôû
ǰһûһʱ򣬾ǵڡ
ţǱһĨ̵Ц
ʵھ˹ȥߺԬһս˺ϴ辭ǳǴĵɷ֮ĸоʵ̫ˬˣҸͲͣ
һߵ˶ʱ޷ˣ߶ʱԬСӣϽ취˾ܻ
ԬˣֱĿңЩʧҡҡͷȴٿߡ
ڴʱȻ䣬ҸоܵĿռͻȻأԻζһ£ȻһӰٵĳ߱죬գۼĹ㵽˽ǰ۾һʱһϡ
ֻǴ˿̵ϿȥЩƣ̬һߵˣԴԾĿңɭ
ϡôˣ׻ͻȻʵ
ǽķڣٵôôʱ䣿صѾƻǲΧǬߵ󣬴Ŵɱ˵ز˾Щ˵
ϣ޷ǾǻĹٷһЩѣʲôµģɱ٣Ҳ̫СˡЩм˵
㶮ʲôĹٷʵ϶̫˽⣬ʵٷҲкܶ೬ǿĸ֣Щ˵ΪϷ֮£ǻǸϽߣҪȻɾˡֵ
ϸ֪ԭϾҪƻķڣˣǰ·ͻȻɱôˣǵͷҪȻ͸ƻˡ׻һԹ˵
ϿȥżӣűûʱˣֻܸϽˣȥɱˣ⼸ǾȻǴһʼõĵص㳷룬һҪ죡
˵Уȱ㳯߳˹·ͳʱǶ˷׷ὣһ£Ҳûпζ֣Ƕ˵ӱһ򣬳Ե˼ߡԬͰ׻ϱ㳯ų˹ȥ
ͬʱϱ㿿ҵߣһ̤˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ڵʱ򣬻ǲɵ÷һƺߣоЩ쳣֮
ãЩŹְϳ


1921 ر
ϸо̫һԼҲ쳣˺ϴ辭ɻתҲûио֮ǰֵ͵ĸоʮ֮ǰɵЩǱ˲٣ҵΪֹԴԴϵǳķڣ֮ӿ뵽ҵ֮Уϳˢҵ塣
һ̤뵽˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮Уϵĺ۱޷ԹȻ䣬ϱ˺һһΣƵĺΧɢȴһֳƮɢ
һ㣬ϸеԭ
Ϊ֮ǰҶùһ˺ϴ辭Ǵƺռɱв̫£Ҳûмζ֣㽫˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ȥ硣
һΣϾͲô˳ˡ
һ˺ϴ辭ַΧ֮ԭͣƬ̣Ȼһһĳ˹
ȻɣҲܹоȫ䱸֮ǰȫһˡ
һ߳һһ˵û뵽û뵽Ϸ㾡Ϊı˴λɽ֮гﱸãȴСӵ˱ˣǧɹǣڶ츣֮ǧ꣬ȴֳɵıˣϷ쿴ǾԲˣ
˵䣬ϺܿߵҵĽǰȻеȣ㳯ҵǺݺݵ
Ҵһ붼û룬ֱӾһֻ֣סϵȣϵΪʵֲ̫ˣҽסȵʱѾ˶תǬƣϵת˴룬ȴĻһµɽʯѣѿѺۣҵϥҲΪ֮һ䣬˫ȹ˵ϡ
ȻٴαУһֳҵĲץ˹ʶ䣬æϵؿĳһƣͬʱŴƵ
һƿٵƳȥҵ֮϶ϸСĵž죬һֲĴ򷨰ɣסҵĲӣҵƺʹҲصؿڣһȫƻܽҵΪƷΪһΪٸߣ϶Ҳܵػġ
ҾƴҲҪ˺ϵһ⡣
Ȼֲֶɱң΢΢һΣųҵ󣬱ץס֮ͻȻһ֮һһ飬ſеȡ
֮䣬һгҺ˹ھ֮࣬Ҫٰ˲ֶζȴһϵһþҵĺ֮ϡ
£һƺߣǰ˷ɶȥɳʮԶصˤ˵ϣһڣſڱ㡰ۡһ³һѪ
ϵһƣǳ˺ϴ辭ڣҿ˺ϴ辭һֱתҵһҪȻҺпܾͱϸһˡ
һ֮ҺһûȴҲ֪ΪΣоԼҲ㲻̫أǾѵĲС
ٴοϵʱΪ̱ҵȻûУȣǳķڣ֮ǰת˰Ȧҵʲôؽ֮ڣͻȻһȣеȱݺݵĲǷڣ֮ϵһڡ
ֲžͷˣ治֪ϵǴʲôĵطһȲȥ֮ռžҵĻζһ£˺¡¡һ죬Ȼͷ֮ϣͻȻĺϣƻ㼯磬ԼУҺʲôѵ졣
áɽĶ츣ҪˡѾƣ
֪˭ֵĴһŵҵĶ©һġ
ǰɣ
ϲһǳķڣ֮ϣ⻪ɽĶ츣ؾͻ
ڷ֮ҲǺ˽⣬ҲʲôӣǴʱ˿̵ĶҡػΣо춼Ҫһ㡣
ʱޱȻ֣֪̮֮֮̿ⷨе˻һֺ
ھ֮࣬Żһ½ǣ˽꣬Ҫӵò׻λƵվȴһ޴Ļζڵء
ʱѾǸٴΰ˳˲ҵǰһȳҵؿںɨ
ϵʽܼ򵥣ȴʮֿ񱩣ǱҪģʶ䣬ýֵһ£һ̣һɾϮ˴ֱӱ˳ȥȻٴص˵ϣϱˣϼˣסٴһѪУҸоԼϾҪҵˣҾҵӺѾʧȥ֪


1922 
˳Ĺ֮УȻɽĶ츣رҵоʱҪһ㡣
Щ֮ϽֳɱһΣΪҪҵ
һıʣҵǱʬˣ֮¶˾Ѫ֮һֱŵڣ֮ǰֱԬ㣬ķɽһҵòһЩɹֱͻȻɱϸˣųҳȡ
˺ۣϼ˵壬ܹסϽı˿ȻǿѪҡҡ׹ˡ
ڶȽұ˳ȥٴҵߣһΣٵľȣֳ˹һΣѾûκεĻֻ֮ĿˣۿϵȾҪͷϵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һɺɷͻȻҵߣûΣСʮֳ־˫ƾռסеȡ
Сȵĳ֣һ¡
Ҫ˺СŸ硭СɫɷƣСС˫оţʮֳĲܼסһѾͷҲƴˡ
СȵҵǰһҶ
ȴǱŭѣһһСҲϷǰΣϷͽĻɢ
˵գһֺֻâֱ㳯Сץ˹
һ̣ܹоϿֲϢӿСȻ˹ĴڣϵΪʵ̫ˣţһ֮£ܹСȸץĻɢ
Ҿޱȣһ̣Ҳ֪һ˽꣬㳯ϵϴ˹ȥ
Ͼ͵Ǵˣ֪ûжôһҪôҪô
ȻʱһâͻȻһ˹󾢷ĵԭҪһСϵϺǿʲôǳֲ飬ͻȻջ˫֣һ첽˳ȥһٳֵʱѾ˰׿ĵط
ȥʲôһôԶΪʲô
ӶݳȥͬʱһʮֹŹֵķӵһ˵ϣǰҵĵطһҼϤİķâŲʵǷڼӲĵֱ֮ӽʯͷˣԻζѣ졣
һ龰оĪʱСȸŵĻһɺɷֱҵǬ˱棬ӱϻҪְٱ
һתͷȥķȥű㿴˲˼һĻһ˹ǰչչİչΪɢһޱӴϢâҫڰչߣһڹҲǻâҫϴ˼ǣչĶͷ֮ѿһӣһֻ۾۾Ҳһ⣬ֶ
ԭͳƴԬͰ׻ϵҲ㵽˰׿ĵطĿɿڴĿŴʱİչ
ڳųڵϣŵĻɪɪԴ̧
ҾͿŴʱİչһڹ˹ÿһɽƶǧһһ㶵ġ
ȥʲôǰİչôоһ񻰴˵еأ
Ŀɿڴע֮£չѾߵҵǰ棬һ֣ӼӲʯͷ˳ʱʯмɣҵĿٴеķϵʱ򣬲ŷеķȻһеⲻǶķ
չҿһ³һѪĭӣʵ
ǸչһۣҡҡͷͻȻ΢΢ЦǶʥҲ
ȥҲһѪ˳ȥҸ¶ˣǰλǶ
˿ҵЩңѾ̫ˣչСôͻȻͶأ
ҺܿüĿչһֶνܹչĶЩħŹ֣ҪôһЩĹޡ
һΰչţˣȻһλ񰡡
ֲó˶һͶصģ˼Ϳˡ
ҺݺݵһĭĻҲҸλкˡ
ǸڰչϵĶ˵һ仰֮󣬾Ȼڹų֮˹ȥ
˳ķĹԣҡͷ̾Ϣһɽǧ꣬ѣ츣ضҪһҲܰ˶ǧ𹩷ȶɹ˽ٰɡ
˵գǸڰչϵĶͻȻееǳ֮һͲȥһĿĽâʱ翪ε۾


1923 
ҵĸԹԣˡ
˿̣޷Ҵʱ˿̵ĸܣǾ̫ţˡ̫ţˣչСҹĿ࿴
ǶеڳķڣԱߵʱұܞųӿ׹¡죬ͷ֮ԭǷɫ䣬ܿͣߵĻƵǵâҲһкܿƽϢ
޷⣬ǳķڣԱߵʲôأΪʲôЩ˶ҪԼеķȥģѵǳķڣиԿ׿ײɣղȴˣָˡ
һйƽ֮ǶееһΣǼʱһ׹⣬һ֮˶ĵֻ۾
ֻ۾ıϣʲôˣȻ󣬴ʱİչ˳һЩ
չͻȻһֻ۾ôù졣
ʰ֮Ƕǳķڣ֮ǰͣƬ̣Ż˹λûһۣҪҲʱͻȻһһץסǰչȣæ˼ԵƬ̣ȲҪߡ
չͷһۣһʮİ޾ϣҲĴһ£Ƕéϴͽұ£
éϴͽ
éϴ˭ѵǴ˵еéɽ֮һéӯ
ϵéӯ˵ҲéɽĴˡ
һ£ұɵЦһ˵а˳ףǧĶ츣أʵڿɶ񣬻飬ԺףЩа˸һ˰ɣҪȻǻпܻ񡣡
Ƕֿһۣҡҡͷ˵һнж˴αǻɽĽѣҲֻôˣ˼ȻѭҲ˲̫ࡣ
ǣһص̫ɶˣҪֻҲͰˣǵĺˮʥ̵ҲУȻǲķУ⻪ĵѵĿ۸ǲɣҽƱ
Ҳһ˵ֱͻͻǶͻȻһ˵֮صСһɽΪ޻أ
˵գͻȻһֻڹԴǺڹ㻯һ磬ųԶȥˣһ㲻Ӱ
ȥϵ˵ʱﻹǵӰƿʱŵûӰˡ
Ҳ֪ߵڹܲܽЩ˸׽
¶ʱ۾㳯ǺڰȥǺڹողӰȴӺڰ߹˼ˣҶһɺͻǣһѪ߿첽
ҾɴǼҵط
СšԶԶľͿң첽ұ˹ɺǿҲԾļӿ˽Ų
ǵɻߵǰʮ׵ʱͻȻһ£ŵĻһ͹ڵϣȥǻУϻȹȥ
Ҳ֪ûֱ˹ǿһۣٺһЦ˵ѽûͺã͵Ҷȣһú
˵ţֿ˰չͻȻһѽչļ§סˣٺЦøǶɽҰ죬Ϊ㱻ԬɱأԭܵСˣСӲصҲ˵һЩٺ١
ԱŵĺëϻСǲɵ
ѵʱİչǰ̫һô
üһ§ŶֵܣΪԼԪ˧أ
ȥǶȴûжŭǻͷһۻУ˵Ǻˣ
һ£ͷһ۰չϴһȭЩõ˵ιװװʲôͷ㡭
ʱ̲סˣæһ»еĿȣҡͷүģʣҴҪŭַҷ
пұ죬һŵģʱоЩ̫ˣתͷȥֿǰĶǵЦݶˡ
ֻǰڰչϵĶֻһޱ飬Ҳû˼
˵ʵʱĶס˻ɽĶ츣֮Ѿһ⣬ϸҲƲʲô߳
βѵʱͻȻ˲Զ˼֮ʮǽȻҪˡ
ǹԽԽǱ㿴ǻɢĽâȮҧһ˵ȣ߿񱼶ҧסȵǸǺˮʥ̵Ķߡ


1924 ๼
ô˵Ҳ۰ԶǼʮĶħһĴڣȮק˻òǱһ߱һߴ󺰴УȮſȮ룬קֱ֮˫Ųϣá
ֻȮŽâͷܴ󣬸СţƵģһ߲ߣһ߻ͷ˶ֺƵҡβ͡
Ĺһۣҵ飬ϷŹģҵš
֪ҲܲˣֱӳҴ˵ʵҪڻܶĻ͹ȥһԴˡ
ȻҪҾͳȫඡͻȻ䣬һֱƲǿǰһϵıһ㳯ߵԴϿȥ
áڡһ죬ߵͷأѪѪҲǿһߵԴڵϹƬ̣ȴ׼ҵķҾŵǣ߼նԴ۾ͻܶһֱ֡
ã϶÷ͷ콫Դˡɴ
˵ţߵԴͻȻշ𣬾ֱײ˹ʱһֱվߵĻͻȻӦ˹ֱӽеϽ𲧳ߵԴ˹ȥšۡһ죬ߵԴ˵ϣһأǿеĽٴγߵԴ˹ȥ
һΣǻˣǿеĽһԴǿóһɫҵߵԴϣ䡱һԴͱˡ
߷쳣ҵĽһƽϢ
ݺᶫǵĳħ߾ʹ
߹֮һЩţһô
һǱǿɱˡ
ҾǿܻǺ˽ߵĵߣߴи˽Ļ治
߾ҵ֮ͻȻ䣬ǸڰչϵĶһߣ˵С֮һ֮سף๼˼ˣ㲻ˡ
˵ţǰչҵĲһ£Ȼâһһ۵ĹӰչϷɳֻȮһȫӰ
ǵâʧ֮󣬰չһȻһĵ˵ϡ
ҺԱߵĻۼֿ죬һѽչסˣŲڵ˵ϡ
Ƕһߣһֱүŵĳ㳯ұ˹ֱӾҵߣҴӵ𣬽ҵԴһĻ
СŸ硭СŸ硭û¶ɡԴֵ̿ĳĴһۡ
˵ʵҪ˵û¶ǿ϶ǼٵģҲ˵ϴӣ֮ǰҲǶ˾Ѫ֮ģһֱս״̬»оʲôһʱоԼϾҪҵһ
ҿӣžµͻȻ;òôˣԴŵĵطģԱͷˡ
û¶ˡЩ˵
쿴ӣͻȻ͹жôҰһ仰˵һֱ
Ȼ䣬ҵʶͿʼЩģˣͻȻ;õ֮еϢһң澭Ĵ߳ײ嵱ккüżϤİϢڳײҵ壬Ųܿơ
ͻȻһʼԣҲֻҧš
Ƭ֮󣬻İչ˼Уչܿ˹֮İչûе֮УȥҲ˵ӡ
һչ˹Ǽ˶ΧȥѦСǰŰչ̽һ˵û¶ֻЩͺˡ
󣬻бʰչʲôԬŴôӰ˰춼ûҵ
չεߵ˵ԬС̫ˣһʼԼԬĶ֣ЩԬɱˣչڵľβĲл˳һԸԬԬЩУֱˣȻ;βһֱ׷׷׷ţܵԬúõһȦ棬ǵطһֱӽ
չڷ飬Ҳ࣬һϲͨģ˾βҲ޿κΣβĲлȴԶһǶĻ󲻹ơ
չҲһ췽ҹ̷ôܽأʱҲûκΣֻþͶһ£û룬֮䣬һǿʶԼϡ


1925 ҡڲ
չҲײ˴ˣƽʱЩһĽɫõʱʱ뵽үүӢܸϣҲǴˣүүεʱܹ뵽õʱ򣬰չ뵽һЩĹҪԼǿɾڣÿһΰչ
κˣֱ˶Լ
ȻҲǶֻǶһǿʶѡ
ĳЩۻ𲻶ϣܵ˵ĹȻγһǿʶڡ
ʵڻɽвٹڶĴ˵Ϊıǳĸ飬ڳĸ˽ͨˣ۱㽫ĸѹڻɽ֮£˵ʱĻɽһ飬֮󣬲ģ
ʱĸɳ˶ֹĸ⻪ɽ֮۴սغϡ
˵Ҳɹڳĸ飬ĸ۵Ĵӣ˼޸˷һˣǵĶӾͽꯣǴ˵еĶ۵ü޸˷ˣŭͰԼãҲǶĸѹɽ㡰ɽȳĸס
ȻһжǴ˵Ҳ֪ǲġ
⻪ɽ֮ϵȷжģҪȻչҲܽʶ뵽ԼϣҲǶʶͬС
Ҫ˵԰չΪҲ̫뵽ʵ˼Ҷ˼ˣܵ˼һɽǧ깩ɽѣԼֲĿţðչһﶯǹǿʶ㽵ϣЩ飬ͬʱҲһ
ˣչԼ겻ѡ
ǿ˼һ壬巢ʲô϶
չһ֮ͨ󣬴ʱ˵Ŀҵϣӱ޿䣬һ۲ѵģԭҪҹ˵ѦС߶ûк˼´Ǵʱҡ
һʼҾͦůģһ椵ĻͦãͻȻôζģŻĸǶţʱëȻ֮УǻУҼüŪ۵ģһɫԵģܲˡ
Ա۾ȥ
ôҲΰ
ʵȷìܵĲУڳ֮Щҡڲˡ
ǶܺãһЩŲ£Ҹ֮ƺѾ̫ˣϾѾ˳ˣնǧ˿
мҲǱֻƵǿߣһסǿļŻǿ㴳ˡ
ǿһ㶣УɲҪŻҰҴʲôˣ
кٺЦ֪ղɱʲôô
ˮʥ̵߰ǿص
֪Ǻˮʥ̵ʲôôѭѭյ˵
Խǿҡͷʾ֪
Ż̾Ϣһ˵ѽǿӰ˵ûо㰡ߵ˿˲ãˮʥʲôСҲ֪ǿǶа̣ʵһҲѷɫڻĵһصˮʥأ֣һէ³һߣһ³
Ǹ³̩ɱˣɱǺˮʥ̵Ķͨ찡ˮʥ̽мʮˣ֪ɱˣʲô
ôһ˵ǿˣûиһȥ̩ϴθһȥɽҲûи߽֣Զ˸ô˽⣬֪Ǻˮʥ̵Ķʱŵˡ
ʱɹȥһۻУû˵ˣͱŻǿˣǼˣ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪ǿɱߣǺˮʥҪҲҪǼ
û¶ҲµģмλϸڣǿͲ£˾һ¡ǿһ
áֵܣ͵仰ˡǿļ˵
˵ŻʱͻȻһȺӿ뵽Ᵽķ֮Уͷļȫʶлɽƽ̷ӣлɽеһˣص¾¾ֳͽ˧ˣȻҲǸֵġ
УǷƽ̵ŶʮѪĵʿ¾¾ֳżʮصˡ
ܿ죬Щ˱ǵĽǰǼ˿һۡ
ƽ̷ͻȻǰǼһأޱȸм˵ɽƽ̷ӣлλѳԮЩаˣƶɽӶλֿл⡣
ƽ˿ˣ񡭡Ϊǵϴ磬æǰһѽ


1926 ͼ
ŷӺѵ¾¾ֳѾ첽ߵǽǰȿıûԴʬ΢һͣ٣ֱӵҵǰүûбôļɻ䣬ֱӾҵӡ˵زأ
үһеģһ٣˿үүĹϵȷʵͬһ㣬Ż˹ҵİΣ£ҵˣȴҧӲͦţЩ˵赣ġѦҵڣҿ϶µġ
¾˵ͷȻһһߵĳ죬үӽ΢Ц˵Ѿͷ˭Ǳ°Сӵϱɣ
ȥͷĺĺôһʣҷ˵Ŀⶼ߿˹ǼֵܣҪǻУԵļһ޲ôյһشϵ⣬бҵĳ죬ӲĶһ£ҸһЩ
ԵܹоҲЩɫٴκ쵽˲Ӹͷҿˡ
Ѱǰ߰ӣȻΧۣһһ⣬ҲΪˡ
ϴʱȴΪң治֪λش
ҲóģҲΥԼ⣬Щһ˵ڡ
ԥʱͻȻһҵļ򣬹һЦ˵Сӣϲ¶ʱ򣬼ǵҹȥϲƣε黹ҪǼҪȻɽľͱסˣ˽⣬׷ʲô飬Ҵ˺òǷ󣬴˽ʬҰһ
˵ϲ̾Ϣһһϧ
ܵҲֻӲţҵӹ˻ϼ˵һ£ʵ˵ΣҲǲԶǸ缸Щȫûˡ
ϴصĸֽҲ̫һЩѾβ
ɽƽ̷ӸǴһк֮æǳ֮һۣɵþЩʹ˵⻪ɽĶ츣ƿһӣȻǱסˣȥⶴ츣еɢò˶ãⶴ츣ػҪһ
ƽ̷ӳʮֿ࣬ҲǸֱĿ֮ˣ龰Щʹļס
ƽ̷Ƶǣǳ˵̺Ҳʮ֮һû֮ǰǰˣƽ̷ӣֱӵô˵ʹһصԽԽԽԽ
ƽ̷˵ǳеʱʵҵЩģΪǳɹ֮ģĪĹϵɹ֮Ǳ˺ϴ辭ɵģܹоʱӵ֮ϳ嵽ڵǹɰº͵ϢȻǳɹ֮Ԭµķɽ
ʵʱҲǲܿƣҲûᷢ飬Ҫ˺ϴ辭̫ԵһЩ
ڷƿڴʱ򣬰չͻȻʲôǷƽ̸к˹Ȼ˵һ飬ʱΪ˶ԸЩһصаˣΪɵľѧһǿʶԼϡ
Ƕߵʱ򣬸չ˵һ飬⻪ɽĶ츣صȷǱϸƿһӣɽ츣еһֱڴйʱܹⶴ츣ظסѾܲˣҲû֮
Ƕչ˵ǳ֮һɵĵطһʯͷʯͷ汻俪һʯʯһӣһǰͼм޲츣صİ취һҪ뿴⡶ͼǾ֮ͨˣҪȻǵ⡶ͼҲûκôġ
ƽ̷չ˵־ϲǰչȻܹǶǿʶ壬ϲܹҵ޲츣صİ취
£ƽ̷Ӷ԰չǧлһЩţͰհչ˵żɽɵϵߵ˳֮ҵǿʯǾʯͽ±ߣ˵ҲмǧڣﶼΪߣ˺֮£㽫ǿʯŲһξ룬ʯͷһʯ俪ķһʮֿĺӣ֪˶£Ǻӱʮã֮һż׭дšͼ֡
һҵ˰չ˵ĶǷӺͻɽļλԵʮָˣ˷ܵĲС
Ƿӣһֱ˵ţɽоˡоˡл顭


1927 Ҫһ
Ǽɽϵ˺һŷ׷׹ųĹͷѣȻ졣
ʱоЩɻˣ룬ǲǧ֮ǰԤϵɽȻдһѣı㽫ǡͼԹ˲ο
ĻǳԾһˡ
գô˵Ҳǵ˼ҵݣ֮һ֣պȻǳ¶ҿ϶˵ԼԻɽˡ
ɹô˵Ҳάϵ˻ɽ츣ǧ꣬ⶴ츣֮Ϣֻķ֮һҲ˲ˡ
ɽǼϵʿ˺һŽǡͼǼ˿˺һɵȫüͷ׷ҡͷ̾Ϣǻɽƽ̷Ҳɴ۾һŵı顣
ܿ죬Ƿӱ⡶ͼеֺͼĪͷԣһ㣬Ǻá
ڴʱǳүүͻȻǰһһ˵³࣬ǳڵʮˣ⡶ͼȻϷܹһЩ֪ƽ̿ɷϷһ
˵Ƿƽ̶ʱȻЩ̫ų࣬ΪҪƭǡͼġ
ʱұ˵ƽ̡ҿ֤λȷǳĺˣղһص˽ɹᴦķʱ򣬱λŮֵסЩаˣҪȻķڣͱһˡ
˵ĻǷӻţҵĻܲţϾǵһԮˣҴҾһˣҲûѵɡ
֤Ƿƽ̱˾裬ǳһ֣˵ԭǳĺˣʧʧȻǳĺˣǳĶûʲôõġ
ǳ˵ͷӷӵнӹǱѾƵĹżͼ
ֻǴҴҿۣǷҲͻȻüͷʮȻ
һԵķЩæʵ¾ʿܹö𣿡
ǳ൹һ˵Ȿޱȣ̺һϷȷܹһЩҪоС
Ȿܹ޲ɽĶ츣𣿡ʳΪĵ⡣
ͷɫȻԣܹ޲ɽĶ츣أǱ𴦵Ķ츣𻵣⡶ͼеҲһ޲֮⣬Ȿл˲ķԼܶδŵ飬ʵǷ˼ҪȫŪеݣҪܳһʱС
⻪ɽĶ츣ص鲻ã˴ÿնйò£ⶴ츣ؾ͸ûʲôˣǺáӼ
Ƭֵֻ̣޲⻪ɽĶ츣أҲòôʱ䣬Ұµʱ䣬ϷͿɣֻһǰϷҪһͨõ˰ֲС
Ƿӷεֻϧһɽ֮Ȼж÷֮ˣҪʮ־ͨģȴûĸ֡
ʱ򣬻ͻȻվ˳ֵ˵˵ҪҾ֮ͨˣܼ򵥰һɣԥĴˣ֪ģ֪ǰ֪֪꣬أͨռῴǣǷãݣʲôᣬص˶û⻷ڶ츣ǲ㷨˽ֱͥŲ̽ȡһף¶ǲ˭
ϻһͨţģҲС
֮ǰǽʱǽͥŲ̽ȡ
üΣǶǷɱˡ
𿴻д֣ʵ˼ʮϸ壬ǡͼʲôǿǳĹż䣬ղǳ඼˵ˣļصֶ̺ǳһľ¼ҵﶼûϰķţܹ̽һؽ
ֵܼǿɶǰһƣǿˣǼǿˣ֮оǾ׵ʵ
ʱǳ󴳹أ͸ӵĵӦˡ
ΪұȽ˽⻨УܴĦ˿̵˼С̫ˡ
ʱҿһһڵģ۹۱ǡǹģҲûʲôʾȻҲʮҪһ̽ǡͼеľϾǻɽĶг¼ҵڣ͵ѧǽ֮ɣǱ˹ַϣҪȻԼѧҲǲܵġ


1928 
ôһ˵ǷӺͳ˵Ŀȫɵϡ
ɲûֻڵվһʡ
ʱǷƽͻȻǰһ֣˵ɽ䣬츣ǻɽĸ֮ڣܹɽɹΣɽصм
ʱɲŻһ񣬿˵˵أæҿ϶ҪԲƳٵģ⡶ͼǳı䣬صĶȻǳһӵѪ컯ҲǻɽɵĵӣҲǳ¼ҵĺˣʵǲзţӢڸԺڽҲ̧ͷˣˡΪ
ΪֶʵһñԼʱҲѧˣһһ
ǲҲóˡ
ɽĶ츣һӣʱϵĻⶴ츣еԽԽϡһɢˣطҲ͸ûʲôҲƲʲô츣ˡ
һзţǧ꣬˻ɽӵĻɽ츣˵ʵǲֵһᡣ
ǷȻ֣⻪ɽƽ̣Ҳһ򵥵˼Ȼʮϸ壬϶֪ʲô˼޷ǾҪһ̨£ܹ˳ǡͼϵı¡
£ǻɽƽ̷ӱܷģֻҪܹ޲ɽĶ츣أɽϧһдۡ
ֻǡɻЩԥȻ˲Զĳүӡ
ǳǰɫڶʲôʱˣϷҲƽô࣬Ͼ⻪ĵĶ츣رͲ࣬һУҴ˴Ҳǳ¼֮أǳ¼ҵҲûʲôһλҵĺؽǣ⡶ͼϼصУԲٴڶˣһ𣿡
ܹбҵзţѾǺܲˣҲǼһˣɿԽҪЮӦȻѧˣΪʲôܴڸԼأ
Ȼ֣Ϊǽأܶ˶Ҫصġ
ΣɾǿҵϣҲܾ顣
һɶǿˣŮǱǵֵܣĨӡ
£ɱ˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣ¾ֻùˡ
ߵ鶼ĲˣƬ̣ͻȻһص˳¾ͱ˹С˼䣬¾æ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
ţ¾ֳٴߵߣ˵λϵѣĳһˣ˷һصϵټҴ˹ȥơ
һص˷ϵټ˲ⶼһ
ǷӶʱŭ֪ɱ˶һɽٵӣһûɽĶ츣زڣɽһص죬¾ֳƶһǰȥ׽
¾ֳʮżӣ˵ͷ֮ǰͻȻҵӣʲôҪܸص˵ҪҪˣص鶼֧ԮҪһˡ
Ӧһ΢΢ͷûü˵Щʲô¾ֳһȺ˴Ҵ뿪ˡ
ǷҲʮѪĵ׷¾ֳĽŲȥ
˴λɽѣɽʧҪغܶ࣬Ա룬ʧҲˣҿǻɽϾͻʣһλӦǹҵˡ
صҵܵϣص˸𳡣ɽߵ˱޿֣صһʰˡ
Ҿ¶ЩΣôСĵˣԬıСԱӦôܻ¶ʲôţߵʱ˵һ䣬˵ص˹ˣԭƻ룬Ҳ˵ѾҺ·ƻʧˣкܴİȫˡ
ܾ¶ʲôıڣҪ˵Щʲô¾ֳѾŻɽһƱ˳ȥܿûӰҲû˵
˶֮ѦСͻȻ˹Щ˼Ŀһһֱҵĳ죬˵ɶ¹ܸܲСϵơҿͦصġ
֪Щʧ̬ɫһ죬æѦСߵ˵ͷ˵Ѧҽ
ǣֵܣ϶Ҫġ
˵ţѦС߱յҵߣգգ۾ǵһ˿Ц˵СţȸѰ
Ѿֶ̧ˣѦСߺܿͽҵ˹ȥһ¾ͱɫЩԾ˵ȥô


1929 ŮҪ
Ҳ֪զˣѦСһһէģѦСߵı飬ӦúصӣһѦС˵ʱֲŵץҸ첲ֶˣۣæСŸôˡ
ȫңкüĪǿײ֮ǰʹ߶˾Ѫ֮ѾʼˣҲ˺صˣһ֮ʮָӣһеƲסѦС߳
С߸磬ɱŻҡ˵ôôҳԾ
ǱɫԵñһҪţһѾץסѦСߵĸ첲ϿȾ
ģСҿ϶ȵģȰǷ֮˵
ѦС˵ţҩ裬ó˼ţҵҽҩ̽ȥʱؿҪըѿһҲ֪СӸҳԵʲôҩڵǼײĸˣȻѦСֿٵָصĴ˼£¸ˡ
ҵ˵һ죬ʹͣȻһҺߣſ³һѪǰһڣֱӾ˹ȥ
ȥ֮ǰԼٴο˳һľ֮ɫȻʲô֪ˡ
̫ˣ̫ƣˣúõ˯һڵóԸ
ٴλ۾ʱ򣬷Ҵ˿һϤĻ֮С
ûһжûгҵ֮УѾͻѦҩ̡
Ҵ˿ɵĵطҾ˯Ǹ䣬ʱ磬յͽȾһ㵭ĺɫůģ͸⣬ܿҳ裬һжôݡ
۾֮Ҳûκλôһݵʱ⡣
öûˣֻ˵ʱ򣬲Żһΰݵʱ⣬ʱ䶼ƴƴ·ϣ룬ϦԴڿϡ
Ҿ㶵һҲŻһֽţȴֶãʱ򣬷ֵտҲʲôûˡ
Ȼȴû˿Ļţĳһ˲䣬Ҿ;ͦõģ˳ΪһˣʲôʲôᣬͰģֵַһͨҲ
һͨˣҾͲӴô½磬ΪһͨˣҵȦҲȫͨˡ
û˻ףû˻¹ƣû˶ýͷСޣЩȫǵӰС˵ƭ˵Ķǻع鵽ʵ֪֮һУġ
һţѦҩ̣Ѧλүӵķ֮Уֻ˵һ⣬Ǿϵ˻ǺأҪȻҿ϶ҪѦүҽΣᱻڴ˴
ʱʹ˽ŲѦСߺͻ˹˹֮˲ûиоôȡ
Ҿ˵СŽͻѹ㿴ڲôһ˫ţۣ֪ڳɶءѦС
⻹˵϶ǳ¼ඣ˵СҲǹɧģðҲˣ³¼ֳˣصģؼ˳Ҳÿð˷ģӷ˵ţֳ˼ۣӣ̫ˡ
̬ϣҲ֪ڵҿ϶ûɶ¶ҪȻҲ֡
˵ţߵҵߣһƨɾҵĴϣЦ˵ү̤üֻĸоˬˬ
ˬðܲһҰ˻һ۵
Ѿ˼˵Ϊ㣬Ѧҩ⼸ҩζʮ㣬ҪǸ缸ţǳӲɡε
һ㶣ôˣ
ôţԴ£Сãô椲㣬˵ôûأϧ˧ĲҾ徵Լ°˵
СûУȻѦСߣɫС߸磬ʲô
ѦСҲǺεӣ˵ʱڻɽʱҿСӽңѪײѪ֮ʮʱסĵ˹ȥȻͽϽ͵˺ҶȣλүҽΣλүæ죬ùʮȹס˵Сҹǳ¼ӳ̫İΣǵ˺ҶȣǺҶһֱһڵ㣬ǰչСʦºˣŮ˴һ𣬶һǶ壬Ҫչ㡣¼嵭Ҳ˵һЩСƢҲ֪ģǺ¼Ӳ˳ۣΪҪ¼ӾˣҪǼţֳӲɡ


1930 
ѦСһ飬һҲ鶼ˡ
ǶȥʡǿʱҪһȥûãһտѦңѾͷҲͬˡ
ҪѦСҪˡ
˼˶֪һֱţûʲôǷ֮룬ȴôΪ
񣬳ڵң˺ҶȣԸ⣬һܲˣò˵ˣ˻ܹȡһ£ͻȻðһ죬ӵĻƢĻɣȻԳûʲôɫ
ؼѦҩ̴ľˣһĹϵĲէҲʶˡ
ȻҲ˲ίġ
һ뵽;ʮֲ̤ʵ
Ƭ̣ұ㿴ѦСߵأ
ˡ糿ߵġѦС̾Ϣһ
Ȼô¼ӣǳ¼Ҳˣֻ˵չ˵Ȼ뿪ֱ糿С˵ѣֱӾ뿪Ѧҩ̡Щϧ˵
ߵʱûиʲôЩĵ˵
ѦСߺͻл࿴һۣȻ׷ҡͷ˵ûС
ǵĻشв⻹Щʧ䣬һ仰Ҳ˵ˣʲô˼
˰ɣһʲô
뵽Щ
ӣͻȻִЦѦСҲסݸһЦ
̧Ƥһۣͷ˵Цʲô
Сţ˵ʵϲ¼أϲ˵ʵڵĻ¼ӳǺÿû˵ΪãҲãΨһõľЩ䰡ҿﶼЩ𡣲ҲҲÿŹֻ֣ˣأҵĻҾˣֻҪԸ⣬ôɣίһԼˡмЦ
ϻ˰һоͱ˵ôûõˣôҲСŵŮˣɲܴԼֵŮ˵⡣ѦСߵ
ЦС߸磬Ͳˣо仰˵ĺãóԲӣ治ɩӡʵӡٺ١
Ҳݣ㣡ѦСһл⣬ʱˣҪϻƴϻҪģ˸Ҳҡ
һ֮󣬺òײͣ
һʵأ
Ҳˣ¼֮һҲˣߵʱģƤƵģҶûҴ˵ʵڵģ溦ȥ׷¼ˣ˵ǂzҪǴһܣ˭ӮЦŵ
ȥ¶ЦĳҷҾͲѹ˯ö˶˵ģһһ鷳¶ͷҪˡ
ҵǲǻ˵ҶȽ˽⣬СƢЩԣ黹еߵģ˵ʮֳˣ鷳ҹƳҲ֣ǽѵ£ȻΪ϶ҪģĲ˵ϵǱ˰Ӧʮѡ
ɫһֱ粻ѦСͻȻóһŷ⣬ݸҵǳ¼֮ǰҸģҿûдȻߵʱɶҲû˵˷ţӦҪ˵Ļɡ
Ƿţҵͷһ£岻ֻܶʾѦС߽Ƿŷ˴ͷ
ǣұѦСߵʲôʱָܹΪµ߶
ˣҼλү˵ˣ֮ڶͿԻ֮֫µ߶һȫָλү˵ţˣֶһǿϢʮְ磬ڵǹɵзӡԹศɣںһͿĸһЩˣһʱ䣬ΪʮĳѦСЩ˵
Сţô¶ϴȥɽʱ˸ˣȥɽּ˺ôôûأ̾Ϣ
¶Լ֪ұ㽫˺ϴ辭ǳɹ֮Ǽ򵥵˵һ飬ҲǾﲻѣǾĲɹ֮ǾԬ˵ĻǺȫ̶·ŵ޷죬һޱȿֲĶ֣ˣֱһѣҲøҪԬңҲܻɵɹ֮


1931 ҵ
һȥɽԴҲû뵽һԬСӣһ٣ٶĸơ
ʵⶼǹؼؼѾһصͺˮʥ̴˹ϵһڽǻķˮ𣬳ǽϴŮǮʲôȱ
ӿֲǣСӵΪҲͻͽ겻ѾɳܹĵزҲǸ׷ŴСˡ
֮ǰԬĴ׷ɱص֮ͨѾû֮أòҵһһʦʬ֣ҸɱˣȻһ·һص˸ͲͶ˼ҲҪı¡
ںˣ̶Ĺ⾰ʲôˣֱӸһصϲӴͰ׻Ľ飬ָˮʥ̵˹ҹˡ
һԬνǻķˮԽ󣬶ҵвԽһڻɽ֮ûгˣԺȻ
ûгԬûгʬźͳ꣬Ժֽ޾ˡ
ʵҸӵĵǣθǽǵĺˮʥ̵ˣߺ͵³Ǽ˵ϣ֪ˮʥ̽ʲôǿ϶ưոݵġ
һ۾ȫ߰飬ȥĺãҲһЩ
Ȼ䣬ڻɽ֮Ϸһ飬¾¾ֳͻȻӵصһ˵Ϣ˵ǿϵټȻһȥ׷ɱˣҲ֪ˡ
£ұ˻кѦС顣
ѦС߸˵ǾһȦףϳ˲٣ֻϵһߵģǸ֮˻ɽص󲿷ֵıȻŰ׻Ԭ˴һ·ˡ
ˣϵķЩһͲúõɱ֮Уһʱ仪ɽɺص˶˲٣¾ֳҲЩˣһ㡣
ǱصĳڣٵƵɱ˵
⼸ȥˣһصûӰ˵ͻΧʱ򣬻ɱ˲صˡ
ǵļƻ꣬һͰź˵ģ滹вٸֽӦصǱЩֲ
һһصȻûгɽǶڻɽ˵ʧ̫ˣӱɱһ룬ɽĶʮһɽҲȫʣǻɽƽ̷һˡ
һɽĶ츣ܵشҪΪǲͼܹ޲ɽĶ츣أò˶ãⶴ츣ҲҪ
ڣɻһֱڻɽûлүүһڻɽ޲츣أ֪ò޺á
ɽͻɽʼˣ˭֪һصڸ飬Ųһ
и˵һЩСһصѹѾͶһص¡
ȥֹܲۡ
û뵽һ˯Щ죬Ȼô顣
һصĿıণҪĴˡ
ڻɽʱ򣬾ǰ׻˵պܿҪسˣһ֣δһȷѪ꣬˾ǸֲĴڡ
кѦС߸һ˲Щ̾
һ°չѦС߸˵չأֻЩʮͲˣҪһΰչһԽ񣬶԰չ˺ԽС϶ҪһָĿһЩ
չû¶Ҿͷˡ
廹ԵʣҲûжҶҺúϢ뿪
֮ͻȻֿĸо
ܲˬҲ˵͸
Ҿ·ߵԽԽڰˣˣҲһ顣
Ӹ˺ҶȣԭǴϤҵģˣǵ˺Ҷ֮󣬷ֻһ
óȥ롣
һŮӣôȥȥҾĺü֮´չ죬̫ˡ
Ϊȥɽүү˶ѡ
ιȥǾ̫Բסˡ
ô죬Ҳΰ
ܲãҪ򿪳Ƿŵģ޷ֻõȹƺһЩʱ˵ˡ
ˣֹ֮ҵ֪˫Ⱥ˫Ŷܼ򵥵Ļˣȴµ߶Ҳоһ˿ů
ҵһܶʱҾȲĴ˳ҵǷţݺܼ򵥣ֻ֡ҵ㣡
ʲô˼


1932 ͸
򵥵֡ҵ㡣
Ϣ̫ˣе࣬òҶ룬ǵҹȥǵҴӵ飬Ȼȥ
ǻʲô
䣬ܹ֣ҰԴĦѾܲˡ
ʵľӻҪ͸һɣܻĪЩִһЩִΪɡ
Щ飬һǷŲ£ŲµǾȻһЦ
Ųնµǧ˿㷢һֱҵǬ˱
һұ㽫Ƿµã
һǾڲ۶Ů鳤ʱΪҲ֪һܻʲôʱ˵һ죬ͻȻسֱӾһоͽҸɵˡ
㲻ǰգϸˣҲûʲô֮
ڻǿұԼٵǿҪȻԺԼŮ˶ˡ
óҰɣǿҾͻ
Ǽ죬ҵͿٵĻָѦС˵ǰ㣬ֻһҵʱ䣬ҾͿµ߶ˣȻͼ˰չСӻָĸã棬ȣΪָĲˣʮָ˵ӡ
ұʰչΪôˣչȴ͵͵ĸ˵ǶǿʶϵʱǶһЩзţǽı꣬ȻֻһҲʮǿģǳ⼸һ£ԼΪ˺ܶࡣ
ؼǣչңԺʱ̣ɿԹͨǶһʶһ
ȥչСӿǼһˣͱʶһһֻһʶܵõôʵݵĶڱ£⻹ͷһ˵
չʱͻȻǿСӺһֱûм
չ˵ǵӻɽʱǿص˴ʡֱɽ
ǿ˻ɽɽΣ֪һصжôºͽƻǵɽҲɽͻɽһ³ĻصɽʦһҪϼӷʱͲôˡ
ǿСӲǸԽѣҲͦʵģƲԵľͽ߸ɱˡ
ǹ͡
˵ǿʱ򣬰չɫͻȻЩ̫ÿˣ̾Ϣһ˵СŸ磬Сʦ㿴Щˡ
һҵľֲһ£ôˣ
Сʦ˼㻹֪һֱ㣬ι㣬ǾˣԼ˿ɳ֮Ѧҩ㣬ôãˣԲѣһ˯ҹҲͰˣ㻹˳¼ӣǲ֪ʱСʦжôѹԼһ͵͵Ŀ˺üأĶ͸ˣߵʱҲһ·ߵģѹ֮󣬲֪㣬˵ЩʲôĻСŸ磬֪ǿ󲻵ãֻСʦҲ̫һЩǰӵģҸоǼᣬһĶ࡭չ̾Ϣ˵
չ˵ҲܲζҲʵһʼҾѾͷаַǷ֮룬ŪزҲ뿴ġ
˵ģ˵ˣɻ롣
ڸⷽ飬һֱѶϣһҵߡ
ѦСߵļ˼죬һһãЩ죬Ҳ½½Ľӵ˺ܶ˵ĵ绰үүģڽӵģдɽǱߴĵ绰ұʾοʡ
⣬һӵսҴĵ绰򵥵һҵ֪һа֮սŷ
ұһԬС⼸꾿ʲôʮֺ档
ս˵ԴԬڻɽ֮صĸ߶ӣǽԬһ׳죬һרԵ׽˽ǡ
λڶǵ顢κ̫Ľش̩ĵطһСǡƷһ㱻֮Ϊǡ
ɵصľɵѻƬֲƷƿء
ǰǳһݽɫɣģֱӳΪ˽ǵİ
ԭԬӵǹȥѵģһʼɣŻҲֻһСɫûƵڽҲкܶߣԬﲢۣ֪ɣ֮һ֮һ飬ɣע⣬ӴܵãɣŮ޸


1933 аԬ
ʮֺ棬Ԭʲô飬һ۵Сɫ˷ˮǱߴս˵
ս˵ԭɣһͷǼһ֮ǰǵһܵɣĴѹӵɽ֮УȻȻûܸɵĹɣǻ˺ܴһʵװߵĸҲ٣һֱɣͷ󻼣֮졣
ǣɣų˻ȥ˵˭ܹɱͷҲǸļһʹһǮһ
ֻǸļһҲǸݽɫû˸ǣټձҲûȥҴǿùͷǻĲͷˡ
ԬȷԼһ˿ϳһӿԵףǱ£ҵ˸ദĻᣬϵĽǿɱˣͷһ·ص˽ǡ
һ·֮ϣԬܵ˿µķ׷ɱν˺ۣȻصҲֻʣ°ˡ
ԬǽǿͷɣС
ɣϲǴŴ󲿷һ·ɱ˿ϳ󽫿Ĵ󲿷ձ࣬õǮǰĵλҲʵ
һжԬĹͣɣϲǱ㰴֮ǰԼԬ֮󣬱ʹһǮԼ֣һЩȽҪ顣
ԬĻأʲô鶼㵽Ϊܵɣϲ
Ԭڸɣµʱ򣬻ȥӽֺɣŮɣŮһʮŮԬͳİװ׾ûãõɣŮ
һɣԬ
ͬʱԬԼݣϳʵԼн޹ĸзţ󻹸һʦĺɮ˹ϵͽܣ͸ǺɮĽ
תͳڳ֮Ҳ֪θԬ˹ϵŽ̥תʬžҵԬȻûãԬǸɮʦ͹ҵˣǱԬŪġ
ǸɮĺܲңȫŧѪһǻɢ
ص϶ԬǸɮʦǱɵΪͻǶġ
ʬһаŵĹħ֮ר˵Ϊġ
˺ԬǱ䱾űɣǸ޶ЩߣԬţֻħ֮ɱˡ
ԬɱЩ˾ֻһĿģΪҪǵΪԼĹ
ÿԬȥɱ˵ʱܻһСߣǸСǽ̥ʬţϹҲ˲˵Ϊ
ʱԬԼߵ˶֣񣬾ǽǵİɣЩЩаԬˡ
ò˶ãԬͻܿɣС
̶̼ĹԬ㷢˷츲صı仯ڲرͷҲǷণΪ⼸һ
ҪΪԬγڻģһصϻһ춯صĴ£صˣǵʱԬѾ㹻ˣΪǵһС
ʵҲǵ͹ԬʵԭΪСӵʦʦҵˣʦҲصץˣСӵ֮󣬹һһˡ
ǣû뵽龹Ȼᷢչֲʰĵز
ΪˣԬ˺ܶ࣬Ҳõ˺ܶ࣬˵ʵҲͦġ
Ҹ֮䣬ռһսҪֳһġ
Һڴһ졣
սĵ绰ҲЩ
û˼죬ɾͻˣ糾͵ģ˵ǻɽĶ츣Ѿ޲ˣһ¡
ǼʵôǻɽĶ츣أĵǳġͼѧжٶ
ǿһı¿϶ˡ
ɺٺһЦ˵ǡͼѧı²࣬Ҫ޲츣صķ󣬲ڿǱʱѾӽǱͼеȫ㣬ԺĦһ£ǹĿֻҪ鼮Ͽһ飬ȫסˡ
Ҿ˵ϼ޻ļһ϶ǿֵ
ˣǼ˵ҲָĲˣۿſˣұȥһéɽҵĵûʮǡ
ֻ廹ûкǽҲҪ綯˰㡣
Ҳ˼Щȴһ˵ĵ绰绰Сġ


1934 а
Ҵȥһéɽȥĸʱ򣬺ľͽӵһ˵ĵ绰ҵķСС
Щ꣬洳ĶǵѪӣرһصҵĵ˺Ͷֻҵ֣ԣҶԶǣ꣬Ǳ˴˶ûôϵˣʱҲٸǰһһ
棬ǣҲǵֵˡ
ҲΪ˸õıǶѡ
һʲôȥĿرҪҰʱҿ϶Ӳܡ
Ȼ俴Сĵ绰ҾЩ⣬һ²Ž绰ͨСϤСţأ
Ҿиôˣʵ
оòˣҾ鷳ˣܲܰҹһ¡СЩΪѵ˵
鷳ˣʲô鷳Һʵ
һʱҲ˵̫ǹЩаŶʵûа취ˣԲŸ绰ЩӦöһЩСִٵ˵
Ǻðɣģھ͹ȥ㡣Ӧһ
ȻС͸ұһַ˵һСʱ͵
˵绰֮˶ҷʲô飬ҵҲ֪СǱ߳ʲôӣֻ˵Ҳ֪Ϲȥơ
˵ҪŹȥƣ˵ãȥôĿЩһһص˶ϾͲˣҲʲô¶ȥƾͺã˳־ܽˡ
һ˳ɣһȥƣñȽ϶࣬ЩҲģɰæ
Ǳ뿪Ѧҩ̣˺ҶȣȥС˵Ǹط
ҵոջָһЩΪָһ룬ûʲô⡣
ųӣ˲СʱǱ㵽ϳǵڿƼгҵС
û뵽ǣҲǿС񣬻־ǿȻһ𣬿һСꡣ
ûһ棬ǻǾСʱһףû̫ĸҡ
Ҿô
С˵ѧҵ֮󣬶һʱ࣬ȻһЩҵ־ǿϻ⣬˶ϰûʲô˼һļϣóЩܵһЩһߵ꣬ǮҲ࣬ҲнʮˣⷿӼװޣһæ
СߵĿζһʼҲֻǿ֮󣬷ԽԽ٣ڶûʲôˣ˸оǳ֣ϳǲаǱ뵽ңҹһơ
־ǿС˵¶Ⱖ̾˼࣬Ϊ˿С꽫еĻˣۿžҪȥˣһ¾ҪصǰһУ飬Ҳ֪ôˣԱҹơ
ϴС˹ƣص˸ĹƣȥɽǱС϶֪ҶⷽһЩ飬Եһ뵽ҡ
ңҲ˱ˡ
С־ǿ˵ʱҶϸۣݣͷģһ޾ɵӣƣ
Ҳ֪ǲΪⲻ̫ãԲŻӡ
˵ҺЩΪһʼͦããǹ˿;볢ʣԷ׷׹ܾζθڣͽĲ˰ɡ
ȻˣǻŴ󼪣һӪ
һҲܰǮҿ϶ǲȱģһ¶ʮȥɵľˡ
뵽ʱͻȻ˵λǲ˯Ҳ̫̤ʵܸоʲôڶǣԲ
˵С־ǿͷһľôġ
ܼ򵥣аˡͻȻ˵
ôһ˵Ҳһаˣôûпأ
ʲô˼ҳԾ
Сţ㿪һۣǵļ򴦾֪ˣ϶ѻν֮𣬼ϸһյͷҲһյǼϵһյˣյҲ΢һϵѻˣҲԶˡԣ϶ֽţϸȻ˵
£ұ㿪ۣ۾˵Ͽȥһ֮£һϵˣԶϨһյȻҪ겻˳
ҲһɫС־ǿʲô𣿡
ҵһͷ뵽ıһصҪҵ֣תһֲ̫ԾһصҪֵĻӦòô·ӡ


1935 ɵ
һصĻҾҪôֱӰ˸ɱˣҪôǽ°ߣȻҪЮңǵ϶С
һصȻΪа̣ҲǶһЩصģһЩܴĵߡ
ΪǧĹأ
ѣʹû
ϴһصʱѾ̵ĽѵһѣҾֶ棬Բ飬һΣһصӦûһЩ
ߣһֱս嶢ЩѣһصֵĿҲ̫
˻С
ûеʲôˣ־ǿСһۣȻƬ̣׷ҡͷ˵ûаɣĺúõģƣʲôˡ
ûеˣһصҲ֣ܶˣ˵Ǳʲô˶ֽأ
ҿɣ򵭵˵ӣҲһ˶ֽţҲпǷӱˮ⣬ˮΪܶլˮҲլˮˮ֮컯ȿҲžС壬ձɼЧ
˵ţɱɷнµĴһ̳ķ߶˷Ȧ֮ΰصߡ
ұȲʵʲôûУ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУⷿ϶ûʲô⡣
˵ţٴοС־ǿˣʵʱϰû˵Ϊʲô𣿼λô
СλͦʣΧļ涼һЩλҲõģϰҪȥˣżߣǱ㽫תǡ
ɵ˵ͷûȻҵСţҳǵſڴ
Ҳ֪«ʲôҩǱſ˹ȥС־ǿҲҪһųûǸš
һ֮ĴһۣطСһֵӣ·඼кܶ棬ЩСԵģûʲô档
طͿŵԳǣֵӲƷģӡԡʼǱֻ֮ģرطһ쵽˳ԷˣֵطССǻͦ۹ġ
ܳһ۾һڵģҲ֪ڿɶ
˺һ֮תͷҺ˼С´ֿ˺һָͷ΢΢һֿȻתͷҵСţʲôûУ
ܿĳҶԷˮһϲͨҪǿʲô͸Ͻ˵ɣӡЩͷ˵
ͳſڸﶯֽţֻһЩСϷѣϲʲǫ̂棬ҺܸܿˣֿƣҪǲ֪˭ģǻġɵ
ҳٴοһۣûзʲôŹ֮Ǳٴδߴٵ⵽׳ģϽ˵˵
ſڴ߿שͷ棬϶ŵĶԼ򿪿֪ˡɵ
ǣұ㰴˵Ǭ˱һذףĽǰש˹濴ǰשһ
̵֮ȫɫʮֺصİשȻ·ŻȥҲ˷ʲôһˣ⿴˶ֽţ֪Ŀש±˶ֽţֶβС
ⷽѧʣǲ̫ЩүˣʵүǱϴҲвٶڷˮļأֻҾ£ʮֵķԽҲȥѧѧҲûжôЩɱɱֶȽϹһЩ
שĶһڲʲôƴСó֮󣬱Ҫ򿪿ʱһץסҵĸ첲ҿһۣʾҵȥ˵
Ҳʲô˼Ǹӡ
֮㽫Ǻڲ˹ϡ
ʱС־ǿҲ˹ʲô
΢΢һЦ˵˵˰⻭Щģǿɱ°
һЦҾ֪׼û¶ʲôûƳŪȫŧҶ£ڰĶɣ
ӦǸС־ǿ˵ġ
򿪰ɣģǳŵסСȲ˵
Ĵǿڲȫ֮ǲſǺڲľȻһֻƶȻ˵󣬸ͷܴ󣬶滹һŻֽǻֽϵķЩİҲʶ
ʲô


1936 ʤ
Ǻڲŵķɵ󣬸ͷܴ󣬶һǱǩӳſģһ˫۾ҰףӦ˲ʱˣɢһֵĳζ
չǰʱ˲ⶼһԾ֮ɫ־ǿС񿴵ʱ򣬽סŻһ
С񵱼ƿڴҿĸȱ¹ǵĵǰһֻô
ǣ̫ôˡ־ǿҲ
ֻеһСϷʤ֡³еһаֶΣֻ󾭹⴦֮Ȼŷǵſڣ֮бγһ֮У˿ͿܻһΣǾԲڶΣаܹϢĶγһĸоһ֮Уܾǵζķʳ֮ҲܳԳζö֮ǵÿ£Ҳǳ顣ɸ˽͵
ȥҲͦ˼Ȼǲ۵СֶΣȴҲǺҵȷҪһЩˮ֮ҪǴһһܹʰ־档
лЩɻʵղҲˣôû˵֮У
Ȼͨ˲ͬΪǶߣϵĞųǿأܵϢӰ죬ʵҲרԸеˣĶŵˣҲһоʲô쳣ӶҲƽֻ֮ȥɽ͵
ȥԷǹյģﲼһʲô֣뱻ƽ⣬һרŶԸʿģĿ湻ܵ
ȴû뵽ĲһʿԥҵĴɣСֶλܹӳķۣҴʱɿǸոմӻɽǱһͼеֶΣǿǳһӵѪᾧˮһ裬ܹᲢ۵Ҳࡣ
˵С־ǿЩɵˣ˶Щᣬ˴˿һ֮СŵСţҲ֪ģҺ־ǿͨͨˣʶ汾µˣҲֻˣܵﶮⷽˣǲܸѵġ
ǰСţʶʲôаˣҲ̫һЩ־ǿҲ͵
ν޺ģ⣬ǲȥˣ˲һԸ㣬ǻַʲô˵棬ʲô۵ˣϸ룬Դ￪֮ûеʲôˣɫ
˶һۣ˴˶һ
Ƭ̣һһľ˵С˵ɨͷ죬־ǿ˵һ˿͵ȵʱ̫ǮȴûгϷ
˿˼˵ȫǲű߶ĻΪ¶Ҳܸô̡
ϸ룬ֹһ־ǿйСåң˰ͲǮ˵ǵвӬˣ־ǿһ绰˼˹ǼСåˡ˵ǼСåӦòЩҪⲻ֪ˮֵı£ҲڵԻȡ
С־ǿû˵ȻҲż
˵֮Ȼŵ˵ȻûеˣҪǶֽţǾֻһֿˣǴ˱˵棬С꿪˶೤ʱˣտʼΣ
տҵʱǿ𰡣һȥߣһӪҵкüǧǮһÿ춼˼ˣæЩʱŶӵ˵öԲߣɾʮ֮ǰͻȻͼתֱ£ſȸˣʱǻһΪʲôԷˣܶҲ˵ȻС˵
ǵôôСԽϵĺ̼ܶҵľͻܵǵӰ죬Ľʺޣ˵Щ̼֮л˶ǶֽأҿӦĺӡɵ
־ǿæͷϸ˵ûмʮҵ棬ȫԵģ汣µĻ𱬣̼ܶҶǶЩҲ˵ʲôǴ⣬ȫƾջ췹ԣ˿Ըȥԣ˭Ҳǿ󲻵á
ˣҴиüĿˣӦҲѰ죬һҵǲסһ𣿡ɵ
־ǿСԾһ£ͬ㶼֪
㣬û֪¶ʵشͺáҵ
õ˵ĻӦ֮ͻȻֵҾסĵطҲ˸ֽţԷҪǵɣҪǵ


1937 
ȥǰɣСʱ޺޵ֵô¶һҪǵ
˲·ɱ˸ĸЩСʲô鶼ĳģˣȥסĵطɳ˵
Ȼ˵ˣǿ϶ҪȥģҾжϣȻ˵èǿ϶еġ
£־ǿС񽻴һµԱտŵʲô绰һ˱㳯סĵطȥ
ڿˣʱڣ׵ıȽǵסĵطʱ춼Ѿȫ
һϾɵСһңһһ¥λá
ǵĴ̨ǰ滹һС԰СȻƾɣǻҲȡҪǿߵ겻Զ߼·͵ˡ
СţкҺȥ
һ򿪣ҺüͷΪŴ򿪵һ̣һӭ˹Ȼ̫أ˵ණ
£Һɫĳ˽ȥҲϵĞų
ҺɶۣɨһȦһҪС־ǿסķﻹ֣߰˸ƮЩŮ٣ЩǴʱڵ·ǽ֮󣬻ΪǿǣǼüŪۡ
ͷһۣʾҲҪţ£ǸС˿СæŸˮȡ
ҿһɣ˼ѯΪʲôô»Ұ
˰֣ʾȲҪ˵ȻָָŵǬ˱ңҶʱɵ˼ֳҰ˰֣ҿɫ¡
߸һС־ǿæûǼĲУһݲ裬һҺȥ̡
һұ㿴ֱȥ͸ǵ󣬳ǵĺ󲱾Ӵ
ǴΪ˱ģΪϨǼϵѻ˼ϵĻϨһյһͷϵѻȫϨȥһЩ»ҰǵΪˡ
ҺҲĳЩĵвߣһЩ»ҰҲ֪Ʈ˶ˣȴһֱûףЩ»ҰΪʲôܵס
ǣҺһܿﳯ߿˹ǵĲӴˬͱˣ쬵ġ
һߴﻹٺٵЦһʮֵģ
棬ͨ˿ˣųȥɡ
ҺʲôĳûЩ̩ĺɮĹײаٱЩҺ˵ԶСˡ
Һϵģںϴһ£Ƕ
ܿ죬С־ǿ˹Ƕ˲赹ˮкǺˮʼգﶼںǴ
̲סˣǵС־ǿסĺòãûоú죿
С񵱼Ƶ˵ⷿӺǺãΨһȱ䰡ůҲ죬쬵ģһʼͦãһʱԽԽˣǸоһֱڲӺ洵Ƶġ
΢΢һЦ˵㻹ܸоȷжǱֻ˰ˡ
⻰һ䣬һֱС־ǿͻȻͣ˶Ų԰׵ʱ죬һ࣬ҪŻҡ
ѾоˣҷǣǲҶ¡
һ˵С־ǿæͷȥһֲѵģҲʲôΪЩͨǿġ
ʱһһֱվСǸͻȻҶݺݵ˵СӣҪ£ҪȻŪ㣡
һӣһװɫ԰ףһڴ۾Ѫ죬ŭҡ
ʱҺĹҲ쳣ͣ˶
ͷүǣɣܿǣģһɽǴĻɢŭ˵
˻һڣЩ£˹һ鶼һŻҲӵͷָвСȰǲҪ£Ͻ뿪ҪȻݹһˣ
ϡôĿǵǶһԡЦһ
ʱС־ǿˣתͷܿȥӾ־ǿɴ۾СţѾ˭˵أɱŻҡҵС
ҲûС񣬶ǿЩ£ǰĹʱһļΪ׺Ĺ˵ֱӾͳ˹


1938 סĵط
еġ
ۿǹﳯ˹ʱֻ΢΢һ̧֣еĽ궸ȻһɫĹâ˳һ±׺ؿڡ
ֻһ˲Ĺǹ㷢һĲҺ̱ɢˡ
Щʱŵķ׷׳ȥǴʱ׹Ӳӣǲ
ۿЩҪɢӵʱһǬ˱ңСһɺɷȻ
Сȳ֮¶ȹһ˲½ʮȣҺɶסһսȻͿСƮɳһɺɷٵһȦֱӷסЩȥ·ЩѲã׷ֱ˻
ͻȻͿСƮڰ֮УɱڣСֲһȫչ˳
һߵĹЩֻͨĹ»ҰֻҪСҪǣҲǶһָͷ⣬ܿܽɵĸɸɾ
ЩһСȳʱŵĻͬʱֵĹ˵ϣСȿͷֹǷһ
ȻһУС־ǿǿģֻǾ䣬ݲͣĴЩĪĿǵһһ
£ҿЩﶼסˣС־ǿ˵ȥڷһǺܿʹˣȰ֮ٽǳ
СţҸоӦǿʲôûа취Ҳһۣ֪ʲôںǰɣС˵
ǵ࿴ⶫɲÿԺجεġҵ
СţǸһ飬ʬҲǼˣ͵ǿˡ־ǿæ˵
ʵ࿴ұ㿴ɣɵ˵ͷȻһŻֽһΣǻֽȼɱ㽫ȼյĻֽĻҽһ棬˵һ˺ڣܿܿˡ
־ǿСĵȷʵʣ˶û˿ԥ㱼˲ˮһ˺ڣȻ㳯ǿķȥ
ǿڿŵ߰˸ɫ԰ףϿͷĵĹʱ򣬶ʱһ׷˼ֱǽϡ
ȥүġǼʲôʱôˡС񾪿ֵ
ˣǹ£ЩСɫһվţǣ֪ܿ˭ֽˡɵ˵
С־ǿֵĵͷݺݵһĭվǽһ
ɱ㿴Щ˵ǣǴģΪʲôҪѲţ˵ʵҾһˣ÷
ҪɱǡǴˣ뿪вСһ
ȻشǵĻҪȻһ뿪ǺôĵӣȻڴ˴ӺǶġв
ţһǰһϥ˵λ磬ҪλһǶ֮ˣƾ֪ˣⶰ㣬ʺǴԽԽ࣬Ҫ⺦ˣסĵط
ȥʰǰɣһվҪ
ʱһסҵĸ첲˵Сţ˵ûطȷͦģأֵطרġ
һ£Щԡ
Ȼ㿴Щɫˡ
ʱ䶼һеʮˣЩ죬Ǳġһ˵
ǿ֪ʲôָǹģֵ
Щʱ׷ҡͷʾֻ֪˵˵ûָǹ
ʲʲôˣǱվϽ̸˳תҲԣֻø߶СȿЩǸˡ
С־ǿȻҲҴһ
ܿ죬תһȦҡҡͷûзʲôǱ߳ӣ棬̵ָܿ˿ĴڸҲǿԱߵС԰档
Сţǰߴһ£϶жɳ
Ӧһ˽꣬ߴû£ڳһӲĶóһһŹֵľͷӣڳģ򿪿һ֮󣬷һľͷľͷŶӣľͷ滹һŻֽ
ҽⶫݸɣֻһۣЦһСϷǺܱɡ


1939 
С־ǿһֱ±Ƶ״̬ҲһæãȻɫٴοеǸӣװŰľͷ滹ŶӣѹһŻֽʲô
Ǹˮ֣Ҳһ򵥵СһĽʿ԰ڳел˵һСľ󣬾ü򵥵ķãط۵ԽԽŨӶܹϵۼһЩмңʬŵˣ㾭־ķۼȻǸ߹ĹɣȻ˵ֶγ˵㣬ڵıȽţҲʲôֲġɸǺĵĽ͵
ʱСʵľͷϴŶʲô˼ûʲôĺ壿
⺬ʹˣľͷɲͨľͷǰϻľоľľ֮黱ľϻľϵŶӾˣֱ־ǿе˼ǣҪԸĿۼĹרŶԸǵģѹŵһӣ򵥵ľķӣҲȽʵãһģ΢ŵˣ᲼򵥵ľֻСϷЩм˵
ǡǡܹƵô־ǿЩĵ˵
Ƶʲôѵģֱӽⶫóһѻˣ´󼪣һȫ򿪣̫ɹһ죬еɢˣȫƵˣԺҲйҡ˵
רҵȫǴдġ֣ҲǴˣҪȻӦˣСȽĹȫߡ
һܽ⣬ֻҪڣĹɻԽԽ࣬С־ǿһ
ǵߵſڵĲúͼľĲãȫ׾ٵĸƽˣЩǿ϶ġ
Ǿľ»ص
ǼﻹڵϣһŵСȸͲκζǸǰ˸ӣҲߡ
ص֮ɱ㿴һǼ˵ˣǶ߰ɣԺͲҪˣٱǷһΣûôˡ
ɷ˻Щظһ㣬лȻұ㿴СһۣСŷſΧ⻷ƵɷЩ뿪գۼĹЩӰ١
ʵҲԹЩΪǾĹҪȻЩҲרܵˣǸ־ǿСʲôԹ
һɣЩ£һͻرأʢ˥ԹЩҪˣûк֮ģôһʱ䳤ˣϱմȾСһغҺҺļʱҪȻ˵鷳ˡ
˿̣ĸڿǸľӣЩ㶡
С־ǿ˵ľĶˣûֹǵ˼ֻһֱüͷڵģҲ֪ʲô
һ£ô
ع񣬿һ۵뵽ҪҪӣһⲼþĺӱˣ϶ƻһƣԷ̾ͻ֪ⷨƻˣδͻЩݾߣҵγһ谭Сţƻǲƣ
ҳƬ̣Ҿû˰ɣǸǰǵľˣԷ϶ưոݣʲô۶ӣʱץһУһ٣ԺͲˡ
˵ͷ˵취ҲаɣǾһá
ʱС־ǿ˰죬Ķûߣұջһշ䣬ȼһϽǺӸճһѻҽ
־ǿС񿴵ճ˻ҵľӣЩĿɿڴ־ǿƵСţ֪Ȿ£ҾͲ÷ڰҴˣҲ˵һ
ЦŰ˰֣Ȼ˵ˣ㶨ˣæ˴죬ǲҪŪԣǿߵôϽŪǶˡ
ǴԶһˣֺþûˣôǳߣǵŰȥķһӲˣǸ缸顣С˵ţ㱼ȥƲˡ
һߣͻȻ͵СţʵʱҲ³˭ɵˡ


1940 бĵ
С־ǿҪȥƲˣǰŸߣͻȻһ䣬˵³˭ҪС־ǿˡ
⻰һ˵һ£ʵ㶼ͨˣܲ³˭ɵˣ
ȷе˵ǲ£ǴжϳģʵҲܲ³һţǲȷһˡתͷң΢΢Ц
˵ɣһңҳ
С־ǿˣƽʱûеʲôˣԲгţУҲ𣬵ǶԷҲô·ӡԾֻʣһܣ˱˵棬ǸСԽϣǶ˿ߵܻӭǰЩȥǳԷﲻΪⶼԼ˵ģֻһϲǰϻһߵĻС־ǿһżûҵ
ҶʱȻʣ˵ͷ˵СǵĵöԷֱӾ͸ɲȥˣΪܵżǲĴ漵֮ģԶչ˷ı
Цֵʵǵĵſڵʱ򣬾ͳСԽɨһۣûע⿴С־ǿߵбһҺܴߵ꣬ĵװ޵Ҫߵ࣬ǵ⿴ŲһҪǾǼҵߵſˮãǲŵǿ϶˵ȥԣҾҪ־ǿСģпܾбǼߵꡣ
һ˵һûע⵽ҵעȫС־ǿǵĵУҲûôͷͷǵǿ϶ʹˡ
ǽôʵ
Ȼ˼ҴˣǲûһȾƵʱ򣬾СȥǼҵһ֣Էֹˣ϶취˶֮ˣ֤ԷǶС־ǿֵģǾסĺ͸ɻĵطӣһʲô紵ݶǾ͸Ϲȥ˸ʰˡֵ
ʲô˼أҿɲôĵ顣Ƶ
ȻͲˣԷҪֵĻ϶ڰ죬ӦںҹʱСţһʲô紵ݶģȹ֪ͨǣǸϹȥʰ˱ǡֵ
⵹һ⡣
ţұ˵һϽ־ǿСбǼߵڡ
Ѿϰ˵ӣСʱ˶Ȼأ֮һ㲻СȾͲһˣΪأٶˣҲ޿֣ǶԷкܶڣȲŻɵ
ȵõҵָ΢΢һЦű뿪һֱҶСѾͷ̵ܽĺϸײܣȥŻ棬СѾͷȻǸ˻ˡ
ȸûжã־ǿСŴСĻˣ˼ƿþơ
ĸ˱һ𣬴Դ
ҲûֵܼҲô֣һ˵Сʱ£ⶼǿЦ
ûоͷһʣӦøһ𣬶ڽ֮ϴɱɱŶҲҸС־ǿһ𿪵ģͨ
ԷȾƵʱС־ǿϵɺҾƣ˵ζǣҪȻ˵濪ȥˣСƶҪס
˳㣬Ҳܺ棬ǵʲô˶µֶ֣̫޳ˡ
ЦŸ˵ӦúܿͻҲ飬ҪǲҪż
ֵܼһͦܺȵģپǺȵ˺ҹüƿ׾ƶȹˣҲȵЩԴҲЩ̫ʹˡ
ҺǺȶˣͲǵˣ֮Ѿǵڶ糿ͷգʱ򣬿濴ӣ־ǿС񲢲ڡ
һ֮£֪Ѿȥæˣ˵Ϻȶˣ˵˺ܶ߰Ļ˵ʲôֻЦȴҡͷ˵
ָ˵˵ҹʱСȻˣҺˣصǬ˱ˡ
СȻ֮󶼸˵ʲôȲʵ
ɹһЦ˵СѾͷ̫ˣ˼ҵߵˣʱСѾͷһѪľͱ˽ȥȻƾʧ˷ŵǵһ˶ûˡ
ҲٺһЦСѾͷȷڡ
ֵСȰ֮˺ܶණϰҲŻˣ˺ǵϰһ绰һŵʿ˹ȥ


1941 ٹ
ȻأٴȲʵ
ȻûȻˣСһǸʿϹȥֱӾͻˡɵ
ѵʿɣҺ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣʿһӣûжͣѾͷȫڲʺ϶ԸǼһҪɾ裬ȽʿʰˣǼһ϶ɵ˵ͲС°ˣǰнϾܴˣҪСѾͷѾСˣʱıǻȫ֪ϻ
û뵽û뵽СѾͷôˣȫҵϡ
ҸһȻϴˢһ£ȥС־ǿߵ档
Դ콫ߵſڵĳʤָ֮Ծ͸ͬˣҺʱ壬ûʲôˣȴ٣Ȼ˵ǱǵҲ˼ʮˣ˳ǻһǵߣζ۸Ҳǹʵݡ
԰ͣһȥбǼߵתһȦߵƹƱСڵĺܲңſڹһӣдЪҵ٣ҲǺһġ
ò׵ȵϣһڣұСȰССסĵطţһֱʮ㶼ûʲôĸ˻ȥֺһپƣҲûкȶ࣬ʮ㣬Ǽ˾˯ˡ
˯ĺᣬԼҹӵʱͻȻСȾƮҵߣҵļ򣬽Ҹˣ˵Ǹˡ
СȵĻҽŴӴ˯һѾ𣬴յ˴Աߣ濴ȥ
ҸСʹһɫʾϢƵ棬סǸ˵ȥ·ֹˡ
ʵҲЩ࣬СܹߵĿԼΪ㡣
ҴյɵԱߣȥʱ򣬶ʱһӰ߻˹˴һɫĺݣ·ҲСģһ߳һ߻ܣһͲǸɺ¶ӣ·ҲЩüۡ
ҺڽҲȫϢֱĳǸ˿ȥ
ǸӦûпҺĴڣֱߵ˷ԱߵǸС԰ȻٴĹһۣŴϱŵİó˼ЩҲûпɶ󣬾Ϳ˶ڵϣĲ֪ڸʲô
ԼæӣǸ˵ļͣʶﻹߴﹾ߶һЩʲôȻŷӵһ˹ȥȻٴζڵϣǰһ㣬ߴﹾ䡣
ҿһۣ˼ѯСôʲôǡ
˰֣ʾⲻ˵üͷ˵һһ
ʱ֮ҶղŶĵطһۣŲҵ¹⣬Ǵڣ˿һεӣӰƴСйŹֵķģʮɭ졣
Զ֮ɲתͷңѹ˵СţСӷˣڲһ񶾵ķˮ֣Ҳһ󣬲֮ǰǸ˲֪ٱٹܹйҪǲС־ǿ϶ҪжĽࡣ
ǻʲô߾ǸϽȥһ٣֪֪ǵҼ
żٹ󲢲ôòõģƻҪȰСʱܲ꣬һҪȥſڲáɵ
ʼˣǾͲõˣѾȲҪѾˡ˵ţֱӴӴ˳ȥ̾ϢһҲ˳
ĹǼһѾƵⶰ¥ĺ棬ڵϵء
ҺϢ·һûУ֪ѾƵǸ˵
ʱ߶һȻһ죬ӺĲ۴üΪͳ˵ëͷСӣҸԣϱʹ졭ٺ١
ܿ죬ͲˣȻһתҪȥһطֻһתĹÿҺվŵһƺߣһƨ˵ϡ
ɶأҳٺһЦʵ
ûɶǼһЩη˵
ûɶҹĲ˯ɶأٴʵ
ҾסСа˻Ʊ
ʱҲһۣͿʮ꣬ŴͷƲֺһĴ磬ǳôʲôˡ
үģСүվ濴˺óʱˣһ죬ΧסĵطתһȦˣôǳӡû˵


1942 ʦ
˵Ǵͷһæһ˺üһľǵһĨ֮ɫŭ˵ԭǣǲǷųһССӵĵﵷҵģ
ȥСӻȷѣǣǹҪİ
£Ҿͱǰ˸ЦˣҡҡͷʵһƤѾҪѵĵſڲǳʤ֣ſڲǾСүСȥСӵﵷң
ô˵ǳˣϾǸĹһݵģʵ
СүˣôŰɣҺ޾ɫĿ
ǲ۰ҲϳǴ˭֪ʦңֱϹǵĹۣϳǣǺڵ׵ҪϷ򼸷ӣЩֱ̫ͷ϶ԳʦļһޱԺ˵ţԽС
תͷһɣ˵ʦûУ
ǺһЦҡҡͷ˵û˵ʲôʱϳһǴĸ깱ĳģ
Բˡ׾ϳҲ˺Щˣ˵ʲôʦʦģҿҲһСˣһЩ͵˵Ĺ㣬ıƺĹǰûٸɰɣҪѵǲԡЦ
˵ʵǰԳʦļһҲȫ˵Щ汾µ˾Ͳ࣬඼Щɹƭ֮ŵЩƭӣǰԳʦļһȷˢӣȻֶκܵͼܹڳʤֺ;ֶΣѾܲˣҲеˣˮ֮ɱ֮УֶζԸԸͨ˻УҪҪԸҺֹ͵ģ̫Ϊˡ
ʦʱͲסˣŭһƤϷ򲻸ǵƣǻֻŻǲɣһǹģҪȻϷֵд
Ҳ֪һţ춼ܴһʲôĺݽɫûۿһǰţƤҺɶ̲סҪЦĳ嶯
ǿЦ⣬Ҹʦ˵ǺðҵҲʶʬֶΣʲô¾ʹɣҪŵҹģһô㡣
úúáԼʦ˵ţͻȻٴ˺ͻȻһóһѻֽ΢΢һΣǻֽȼһ׷ɵ˰֮Убдʵ̳ǰظ·һȥæ
һϣΧͻȻιһ磬Һϯ˷ͻȻһĹЦ֮תͷĹ˵ʱ򣬿ͻȻҺߣڷ棬ԴĳƮ˹һצģ
ô˰ɣڹڵĻü˵Ϸѫʦ˵
ӣֶ̫ˡҵͷ˵Լˡ
ұ㳯ŲԶȳɣӲˡ
һһɺɷ߿ٵ߶ƯҺɵǰ棬Сȵɫ˲ϸСĺɫѪܲѪһƬһޱȿֲԞų˲䱬ѿ
ЩԭǿĺʱˢˢȫͶأ
ɢǹϢûɵľأȵĵʵҲЩӽڹ֮壬ЩֹƷ֮ȣ˲֪ٸΣЩҪɣҲǷַӵ飬ϣ󲿷ֵĹﶼ᳼;Сȡ
ǰʦû˵ִڣѾʮֿˣһΪҺŵĻɢģ֪ȥСӵﵷңϳСһȫŵſ˵ϡ
ʱɾɵˣŵ˵⡭ôܡǸһСѣôܹŵס
Ҳøϻˣﲻѵʱһٰ˲㵽ߣ˦־͸һƣһƾͽɶȦˣԼӣŸߵңʹ۾ֵ㡭ղôġѵҲǹɣ
үһ˦˹ȥǼһһ¾˵˵ϡ


1943 ĸ
ԳʦλŴƣȫǴ±ˣʱһŭɶģָң첱Ӵֵŭô󵨵Ƥʦôͣû˸Ҷһָͷ֪ҵ³ô
ˣСүҿǰû֣һѾġ˵ţұٴγȥһųʦؿȥʦƺҲôУ˫־ҪסҵȣһҲôصģҿȻҷıӴ˼ʦһסұһȣʦһųŵڵһ˳ȥڵϻгȥԶͣ
ȻҶֿ϶зִģҶʹСһžܱҲҪСһأҺɱ˹ȥŹڵصʦһᣬһʼһ￪£ҪܿͱĲϰ
Һӣʦధ˵ˡˡˡ۲ʶ̩ɽ˶λүλүһɡ
ϼһģҺɲͣȥʦʱѾףݶš
һȭͷҺٺһЦ˵˵˵ĸоˬСʱ˴ܣģǽһˬ졣
Ҳˣʱɱ˻Ҫ˼þöûôˣҲˬĴЦ
ڵϵʦһ˵ɱ˵ģŵĲУǵ˿־塣
ֳĶ̫˱ǲҪ鷳Ǳ㽫ʦֱӸСסǼ䷿ȥֱӶ˿档
ʱС־ǿҲǸĶˣ׷˳Ƿʲô
Ƕ˽˵ǵſڲóʤ֣ԼڼſڲþıǴˡ
һ˵Ǵ˸ĹС־ǿʱһʱߣӣȥһʦԳкڰԵĿʦ˿̾Ȼ䵽˱ҵĵزǴһ㣬ġ
һܣǽʦͣ
ǼɳϣʦΧһȦ
ʦʦ˵˵ɣΪʲôҪ˶񶾵ķǳʤֵҲˣǾҪģǰǲûٸıƺĹ
ʦŵĻһʱҺɵǰ˵λүҰҲǱΣСӱƵ̫ԲŲóǾ˵ҲûҪλүֻҪ׽ŪһǣСӳڶʱǣһǵߵˣ϶뿪ʱٽǾ˱ǣǴһҪġ
ҿҪǵղסⷿΧõʲô󣿡ŭ
ʦıЩţûûʲô
СֶΣƭ˱˿ƭǵķۣΪʲôôסķӲõǸǰٹл춼ˣ֮ʱԲʮ֮ڵĹ»ҰԩȫҪۼڴˣʱﻹڣŭ
үҲǱƵģҵ⣬СӣһǮҺǣʵҲ밡ҾҪǣԭó֮󣬺ܿҪƿġֻǻûٹɣ㱻λ˸ˣԭλĸ֣¿ˣǲԺҲڶλүǰŪˡʦ
գֹģе뷹ҪأҪȻȻҪĪһӦöɣɳ
ǡүѵļǣԺǶλүĽ̻ڣ֤²Ϊʦ˵
ʱɿһۣ˼ǿԷˣȴҡҡͷ˵żȥСӣǼһѵһ˵Ҫһˡ
ɱûٶԣϣС־ǿӣʦ廨ȻǼԻص˯
糿֮ǲŸʦ˰󣬴ʱʦѾû˰ִʦģײ˵費ģжƤ˵ȥСӣҲҷֱӴǾˡ
ȥ磬СбǼߵʱҲǸոտûãʦı˽ȥ


1944 ˭
ʦǰŸսȥĸ˱롣
һûţһֿ󺰵Ǳ˭ˣôӣ
Ϊ㣬ҪǿͷҲᰤһٴ򡭡ʦӣһԹ˵
˭ôҴ㣬ҲŪǸֵֿ
˵ŻǼ˱˽ȥ
ұ㿴˵Ǹˣһһ׾żĴӣŨüۣƱء
Ǵӵ󣬻żеԱﶼ˼һһĿǼˡ
ʦȻתͷЩηĿһۣ˼Զ
ֵĺӿǣָǵǲǼ֣
ǻػСǰһǴģأ
Ҳݣҽ򣬿ҲŪǣǼһ˳־һŰʣͳСԴȥС־ǿʱҲʾԱ˵ӾҪȥǼһɼܡ
ǻСʱƢһû䡣
ֻѾĥȥ˺ܶǣû֮ǰģ
ۿǾҪֵʱʦһץסǼһĸ첲һ£æ˵ӣ֣򲻹ǵġ¶úİɣǸǮǮ񡭡
ǸӵŭǸһҲ٣㿴Ҳ
˵ţǽжӵĽһ˦ʦ˵ӾͳС˹
һѵǱȻˣҿɲЩƢ£˲ͺСǵǰȻһţһǶӵĶƤϡ
ȥǸоˣеԣһɷ֮ҲһŵŷɳȥԶҷӣͣǶӺļ˱Ҫ֣ǿô׳һһһߵûκλ֮һû㲻ǰˡ
Щ˶ЩߵӵģǻǮԱΪǶǿͷ
ȻʱϷ绯һĻˣĿ֮£ͻȻһǶӻҪһȦ긾ŮζһˣǿһڵϣϰӴʹŵĶӣȻɱ˵ĿֱĿңС۾һ죬ȷâ¶ʱҲŷоȻץһѲ˵
ǣһƿ˵ǰˣŭ˵ղ˭ˣǮ
ҴģǮ־ǿǰһ˿ûоɫ
û뵽ǣֱ˲˵־ǿļһȥ
ȥǻ׺͸ҿ
ʱվԱߣһ֣ץס˵Уǵ֡
һ£û뵽ҸֱȥĲ˵ʱĿɿڴ
ʱǰѵ־ǿļʮס
ֻסǰѵ㣬һǵһѽ˹Ȼ˵棬˫ֱָˣŪһ״Ȼݸλĵ
ŵĻһȴǿӲӡҪΪ㶮¾Ϳ۸ˣҸ㣬绹ɳأһȫץߣ컯֮¾Ȼ״ˡ
˺ˣҪҪܵʮĿֲ
£ҿǣ˲ȫĞųԼֲͷ˳ʱϢޱأһѹѹǸܵϵĴֲ֮󣬶ʱŵĻһͿ˳Ȼһƨɾ˵ϣɪɪ˵硭硭ԺҲˡһذɡ
ԸŮˣֲܴ˵һûжִŮˣҪˣƤҲ˿ûа취ֻܸżԲòֶΣԴס
һкܹã˵Ů˲һߣһֶλߣҽȫĞų֮Ҳܹɵѹһ޷ĿֲһʵϵѹСվͻǰĿ־һ㡣
ŮųģæߵǽжӵǰӣǷ޶˷һȻұɫλأֻȰһ䣬Ҫ⣬ͱֵַҪ˽һЩ˵ĹϣǵһΣҲһΣ´ֵʲôʧұ֤ǻ顣
Ƿ޶˳ױŻˣͷ˵֪ˡ֪ˡԺҲˡ
ܺãϣ˵㻰ҲٿһΡ
˵ţұֱһֱ֣뿪˴˴


1945 𲻹ҹ
һΣԷһˣ벻Ĺ
һǵţС־ǿ˷ܵĲУ־ǿҵļ˵Сţղ̫ţ֪ôһžͽǶٶĴӸ߷˳ȥûղŴʱҲ˧ĲҪҪģһ֪ｫָȴĵжץסˣһˡȥֱţˡ
С־ǿ˷ܵĲУ˵ǽˣԺǿ϶ʲô۶ˡ
С־ǿæŵ飬Һصסķ棬Լ˽ҪԴһ١
һߵСסķ棬ƨɻûаɳϣͻȻ˵Сţ»ꡣ
ʲô˼ҿɣһ˵
ǴбǼߵʱҳʦһۣߺ֮ɫ϶ﲻҪȡʲôжҵ˼ǣǲҪôż뿪˵ʵûʲôΣˣ뿪Ҳ١ɲ޵ǵ˵
Ƕôʰˣʲô۶ӳЩŵ˵
࣬ʶǣ߽ô꣬һ϶ǲģҵŰɣҾʲôʦ϶ưոݣʲôֹǲòСһЩֵ
ôһ˵ͷһ˵ҲûпܣνһúʦţҲûκ̣Щµģ˵ʶʲôˣͷٹ鷳
С־ǿͨˣҪǿĶ֣Ȼûκη֮ˣһԷ˶
ҵķСԺչʲô̶ȣҶǣǣһ𳤴ġ
ΣҶҪǶ˵ȫʦһҲҪ졣
㣬Һ£СǵסķϵȻһһ죬ûȫָʢ״̬еļ죬ӽʼУһɵǳڣ֮һɰҪúòǡ
֮ǰֻɵˣһֱ˵֮Уǵֶ֮һҪС
˵ҵ֮һֱһûǴɵԩԹ̫ǿˣһԵҲ߻ħΪԹ¡
ºˣǳڣ֮е֮һºͶĺȻ֮һϢǿ
һһаһһÿศɣͣǿ˼¡
ΪˣҲܹĿʼȫ֮󣬹콣еһзʽӭж⣬֮
һɹˣҵΪҪϺüʲôϣҲηˡ
Ȼ˺ϴ辭ֶΣԺҲõʩֱӿɶֵΪֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ܹԷʮΪΪС
һ뵽ЩұԼµͷ
£ɳһ۾һбʲôоˡ
еյʱͻȻ䣬һٵ콫Ҵе״̬о˹ʱϴˬ
ڲҸոеʱһ˴Ͼпˣշĵز
۾ʱѾȥš
Ǳ㿴һϴβĳſڣе˵λ硭ˡǿȥɡбǼߵϰ˺ЩӣǿߵһϡãһǸˣҪҳȥϣ϶ҲҪæǹȥơ
׼ˣԷ濪ʼˣֻûǶֻô졣
ǸʦǸƢ𶼲ȹҹ糿һ٣Ҫ
ŵҲʶСǵĻơ
ߣȥơкһСӿ첽˵ſڣߵһֵſΧ˺öˣǺܿ켷˽ȥֱŵȥſźɫļһסǵȥ·
лһ仰ûУһƱ㽫˸ķ˳ȥҲһ㣬˸ȥ
ţ˵Уſǵʮˣ϶
С־ǿԼļȫſ˵ϣû˻֮
Щˣһҿʮ죬Ҳңһ
عͷʱĿԣĺ죬
Һܿ˺ʲôڵ͡


1946 ߵڰ
ĿԵʱҸͷ˶һ¡
һ̣϶ϳңҲܿϳ
öǰҸսӴȦӵʱĵһ֣ǰˣ˾ڵ͡
糱ˮһ㳯ӿ˹ȥһĻĻǰ֡
Ϊ죬ҵʰңұһ٣ȻֽǿǸˣұֱӴĳ档
ʱһĸ֣ڵ͡
ʱҳé¿ȴһֶΣҸƴʱֶʦ͡
ôȥˣû뵽ˡ
ҼǵõʱһУͦɵģΪ֮ˣһӡЩøС
ǰҲˣһΣȻʦΪŰĵ
˲䣬ɫһߵ˽ȥĹһۣʱߵѾҵ߰㣬ư趼һء
־ǿСͱ˴ڵأһýŲš
ҵŭһ˲ͳ
ѽÿҪȻҾ͸㿳ҿһȣһƽضڳ޲һɫ䡣
ԭŷС־ǿϵĴ󺺣ı㽫ŸŲˡ
Сšǣ־ǿǻѪ۾ͨ졣
Сܶ˼꣬Ļȫ֮ϣҵ߰㣬ܲʹ
ҿһ𳤴ķС裬ʱɱ
һҪɱˡ
СӣΪСӵ⣬ǵĵ꣬ǵˣҲûзŹ㿴Ҵģڻһ࣬߹ǶǸˣĳһӶûмĶˣʦվ˳ָߵ˵
üһСӻȸ״ߵڰףô
ʦ˵꣬ʦСҲվ˳Ŷ˵һҪ̫Եˣ糿һţ۵ҶƵġ
øҲվ˳ָҺ֣Իȫͺ˳
üͷһ˵һ䣬Ųҽͷ
ŵĻһæ͵˵жôŮ˶治Ǹ
Ƕһ֮üͷ΢΢һһʮģ
ţͳһ֣˵ϵܡ겻⽭֮Ͻƣ֮˲֪˲ҲǾĴֻǲ뵽ǾȻֳ¼档
ǰҲû뵽Ĳ˵Ȱֵܷˣ˵顣Ц˵
üͷһһߺ֮ɫС־ǿɻүѣ
ѣѡҵ
үӲܲ˷ˣһ֣˱㽫־ǿС˹
һߣ۾ʱȫˣСͿ˳ŭСţ˽ףʹ򣬰ǵĶȫҹˣܾô׷ǡ
Сţǣ־ǿ۾Ҳˡ
Ұ˰֣ʾ˺Ȼ˵Ƿģһһ
ʱ־ǿСŵ˵ͷվҵĺ档
ģ˵˵ɣô¶¶ҪǲһĴ𸴣ұ֤վųȥҺ˵
ɫһ䣬Ȼͨ˲֪һʲôˣͲô˵ҲǸˣڵֻҪǽˣ󲿷ֶ֪ͷǾرĺҲǳģΪһˣҿ¾һص³صзֶ档
үлЩᣬҸѫʦЩ飬ʱ˵ˣССӵһڣȥǽǱһ٣˻㣬ϻһҹȻһ绹ѺʦȥСӵһٴŮ˶ûзŹϳô֮ˣǱʦͷЩŵ˵
ҶŭҲ϶֪һʲôˣһҷ˻ˣһһ˭վųȥ
͵ĻֻЦͬʱ־Σʦߵڰ׵ֶλһףֻҲûӣûһ˹Ѱˣֻϧǵˣĵﲻ𣬴͵̬ϱ˵һУͿ϶Ҳ֪Ҫҵˣ


1947 ˭
˿̵Ϳ϶ҲʮֺڣһͷײǽϣҲǣҲǣ¶ҪǲһҲ߳ȥ
һ£ͽֵү֪ڽ֮϶Զڽ֮ϵһǼõģὫڷҲͲĶ֣ǽΪ¶һҪվ˵һ乫ͣ۸ЩС֮ǶײˣȻʮּΪѣһСɣ
Ҳ֪˵Ļأƭҡ
ѵʦʲô
ֻ࣬һյСˣͽƾʦһ֮ʣô˹С־ǿĵ꣬˸ˡ
͵Щ˵ǣҽסЦѾøˡ
ʱȴ˵λǱǹʹˣС˵һ֮ɱ˫ۣĲ˵Сڽ֮ϴЩ꣬µ飬һҲţ¹һ£һ캦˵飿
ҡҡͷɫ䣬æûСһֱүΪˡ
԰СŻΪƨ𣿵ȻҲԼѺֵȥʲô캦飬ʵ˵˰ɣߵʦΪɵСˣλѿߵ𱬣Сӵⱻѹȥʦѵĵǰ沼һʤ֣ǵһǧɣ˻˵סĵط˾󣬾ۼ߰˸үүҪǵҪҺСżʱʦľ֣ǵûˡ渵
˵ɫ䣬һʱͺߵʦЩŭ˵λϸ˵Ļɵ棿
¶ʦϳϣֱӹŲ˵ޣѪˣǷСȣҹȥһ٣ȴ˵ɲһɺԣһҪΪǷֱѾ㽲ˣԼŰǡ˵ţһ֣ͻȻϵĻƲڴһǱŵĳʤõһ¾Ͷ͵ǰֵԼʦõĳʤֵĶ˾֮󣬴Ĳģȥλֵܵſڲ˰ٹ󣬱ץһУԲűһٳ
ôһ˵͵ɫͷϵ亹ˡ
ȻףѾʦˣҿӵĺܲҡ
Ҫ˺˵˵֪Ūһֻ󣬹ݺ㲻ġ
ѫ
ʦѻ˵꣬Ļ˵ģ˵ʵ˵ĵǲģ˵һٻ˭Ȳ㣬֪ǰλ˭𣿡
ʦ;Щ̫Ծˣ̬ϱɿһ
˭˭ѫ
£ͱǰλһ³ظʬҵĺˣһԥҵĴɣϴŵľףλ˵ľǣ
ɶ
͵ĻʦһۣŵĵȥһѸסˣֻһͨˣ֪ҵţæʦһҡΣ˺һУʦתѡ
֮ʦ亹Ѿˣ˵ǽ϶ɱħ
ɱһصȸϵǴˣڻɱħͳ
ͨһʦֱӾ͹˵ϣͷ絷һ㣬ĵүүҵүү治֪ѣҸҲˡ˼Ҹ̧֣һɡԺҲ캦ˡ
˵˵ţʦϿԼӣǽһࡣ
ʦ켣еҲǰˣҲ֪Ǿ׵ͷ֪ͷҪȻҲųӡ
Ҳһգ֪ҵͷôãҺαظСӆôֱ࣬ȥϴ͵ˣŪز
֪Լܵ˴˵ɱΣһΪŰʱˣһţͳʦ˹ȥʦһҺݺݵײǽϡ
ģĳ˸ӿˣڲʲ壬Һ޲ɱ㣡
˵ţҪٴγǰȥȴһסס˴ȣ޿˵ŲҪˡ


1948 һ
Ƕŭʦƭ˲˵Ѫһ嵽ţҵѸˣѰҲͰˣƫƫѣڽϵرŹκһҵˣ˽ҵѴˣưոݡ
ﱧס˴ȣҲΣҲ򲻵ãҲãһҧһذףʦǰ˵ģԼүһɣҲ֪үͷ¶ôӲȥͲҪþүԶˡ
ذʦǰŵʦһ飬ذһֳۣ߿˹ԥƬ̣ջǲΡΡļ˵ϵذףŵҵĽǰ˵үС۲ʶ̩ɽ˼ң͸һֻ˼һǣ
ۿһʣҲûκαʾ
ʱ򣬵ʦͻȻһֱֻ۷˵ϣһָֻ߸߾ذף֮䣬һѪ䣬ʦ㷢һҽУָͷˢˢıնˡ
ʮָģݶʹԲ˵ʦնָͷ֮۵ɫˡ
ү㻹ôʦ
ȡ㹷ģСүãһأϣԺǧҪײҪȻһοɲǶָͷô׵ˣףҳ
ǡүԺһϴĸ棬Ҳ캦ĹˣҶ췢ġʦϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ָͷɣҳ
ʦæֳǿ˼ͷ£ǶӺͶż˵ϵָҪҴ뿪
ȻߵϣͻȻһסǣ˵ţõĶ˵ˣǲҪ⳥һ£
ʦæүģ΢Ͷʮʧҽҩѡ
ʱɲĵ˵ͷǲֻʵȥˡ
һߣһӶٴС־ǿˣǻˡ
ʵҸղ˵ҪɱʦҲǲܵ飬ϾСӲʲôаҲֻǰˣһҪɱˣⲻҪ鷳
ֻҪһѵ͵ˡ
ʦֿ֮͵ˣɫһ̾ϢһǰǰѻմѪذ׸ɫүģֵҴģҲҵģҿ϶ҲүһֻϣүҪΪµЩˡ
˵ţͻȻҲذףһ³ԼĴ˹ȥ
ݣһȥǴȹһԴۿеذ׾Ҫȥʱһٰ˲Ľǰһץסĸ첲
һ£Щŵ˵үǣ
ˣ֪߲ҲǱС˸ɱˣξô˰ɣֻϣԺ˳ͷʱһҪ۾˵ǹʹңֵܣ¶ƾûôˡҵ
˵ͼĲУϵŻһЩֵүл̧֣ɱ֮ģԺõĳʱ򣬾ܿڣĳƳ١
ˣ⳵ꤻҲض˵ҲǿԲķݶϲŻˣҲûдô׷Ź㣬λֵܵĵ֪ˣԺǵİȫͽϣʲôʧҾʣһ𣿡Ц˵
үܷģС°ϣԺλֵܵĵ棬һʱ˶ţ˸¶ͷǴǵĹȲɡͼ˵
ðɣ߰ɣǺڡҵ
үһ֮룬ܲԶټҳ㷹͵ĳͼλֵⲻˣҪȻĳҲⲻȥϵ˵
˼Ƭ̣ջǴӦ
˱ĲԺС־ǿĵҲҪϣҲܲ˴˵ӡ
Ӧʮָˣ±׼ӣȥϳõĹӡ
ԼгûǵĳӣС־ǿĵ汻ҳӣϹҲûˣֻܸһȥ
·ϣǼ˾һϣ¿ɰ־ǿСˣһĸĴָĭӺɣ˵û뵽һôţȣֻһţö֣㽫ԷŵƨͷϴʦԶָ
С־ǿ˵оܲ˼飬ʦָҲЩˣ̫Ѫȡ
Ȼǲ֪ĽԶԶҪѪȰٱ


1949 δǺ
һ·֮ϣС־ǿ쳣˷ܣ㵸˱ңϵ࣬Ҳʹϸظ˵Ÿղŵĳ棬˵̫̼ˣûô¶һָͷûöԷ˵ӡ
ܴǵ֮пԺУΪһѶеԺҸ
ȻΪҲֻЩˣҲֲҳǵĿǷҲѸǳϦദֻҪõҵĵطҪҵĵطۺʱεأҶϹϧһд۵ȥǣ˶ѡ
ܿ죬һ˱㵽˵ǸӣȵĿĵһҲһͷ
ԭҵĹӾȻǼǼƵꡣ֪ɶʱĳӾȻϳõĹӡ
طҸоþöûˡ
һ³ͱкҹȥȻ֮кܿ˹ӭӡ
ӭҵҵĺѸǿʱĸǿѾƵĶ֣Ҹо˺ܶ࣬ҲûˣһңСӼĲУ͸һܱ
С־ǿǿҲǸǶҲⶼһѡ
ǿһС־ǿһ˵ģʱɫһڣŭ˭ôɵģôǴӣʹ˴
ʱǰһܲ˼˵ɵġ
͸ǿĹϵӦҲ˵ʱһ£˵ô㣿Ϊʲôֵܣ
ʱæԲ˵˺ˡһᣬˮһ˲ʶһˣȺȾƵʱ˵
ǿɫźһЩæȫ뵽õһ棬õľƣõĲˣޣӦоУȻҲζһǾƣòһһȦ档
پȫڳӣǲģΪС־ǿԺİȣֻһӣ߹ѡ
һֱȵ˺ҹҲŴǼ뿪صС־ǿĳ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ұС־ǿ˵ǵҲʰĲˣ´ɨһ飬ʱܿš
Сĵһͣûг꣬бǼߵϰ壬жӵǸӱһڰ͵Сǵĵ
Ǹжӵļһ֮һҺŵԴ̧սսģǽߵ˵Сǿڲڡ
ȻС־ǿ˳Ƕӱ㽫ڲ͵ǵ˵ʦ͹ģǶʮΪ⳥
С־ǿֻΪʦֻôһ˵Ǯ˹
ʮ˵ѾһСĿˣǷܶ˺üĻҲôǮſһҵꡣ
£˶Щ֪룬̧ͷ߿һۡ
ҵ˵ͷʾ¾ͺãȻ־ǿŽǮ˹ȥ
Ƕ˵һЩⲻǵĻȡǵԭ£С־ǿҲǼǳˣοһǼһųȥ߹ȥʱ򣬻û˸һ
νʦǮ϶ҪģҲҲ˵ӰЩ꣬Ҳǰ׻ģ˵ϳǣĵĽʱҲѾռһĵλԺǻϳǴȥô
С־ǿǱˣȻôһǮЩգЩǮҵ˵ҺôæЩǮ͵Ƕǵĸлˡ
ǮҲûգҲûбҪգǮҿ϶ǲȱģ֮һĲҵ£ȲҵļֵɹһֱǮǮԼ֪жǮȡ֮֮ߡ
ʵҲܹҵѸõҲǻҵӰ֮£ɥʧĶ־Ͷ׷ֻһһԼƴ£ǲҸͳɾ͡
ǸһˣǣԺǱϳǸǡ
ҺС־ǿ˵Ժʲô飬ܸҴ绰ҲϳǵĻҲ˹Ǵ
С־ǿһ˵ҺҪߣЩᣬ죬˵Ҫȥʱһǡ
ʵҲˣһҪȥéɽһˣҵĸĸҲСûмˣ
ǣұ뿪˴˴źҶȶȥ
·ϣ̾Ϣһ˵Сţǳͷδһ飬׻˵з磬Ǳ֪֮ǵĹϵ»˲


1950 İŮ
ʵҲ˼һʼҲҺС־ǿʱǾû㱩¶ݣֻû뵽ǸʦԲģȻ͹֣Žҵݸй¶˳ȥ
С־ǿͦģΪҵͷЩҲǲֶεģԬˮʥ̵Щˡ
ǿɲһصһص뻹ŻĽһЩߣô˳ôڻĵĵҲǺ޹˼ɣΪĵġ
飬ֻܶս壬ԺҪϼӷע־ǿСǱߵĶ򣬱Ща˳û롣
һԬЩ˹ƾڵʵǵֵ˵ģҲֻص飬ܹ֮һս
͵˺Ҷȣұ˴УȥéɽˣҵĸĸСҲȽϹҢ˺͹ūҲȥǡ
ҢҲСȵİʦϵͬһ㡣
֮ǰѦСҵң˵ǧǵùһҪϻΪ꿪Ĵ֮գ֤ڶѾˣ͵Źϲˡ
ʱһҲӱϹһһ֡
ҹһЦ˵¶ôأ˵ʲôҲϻҿ϶ǰһʱææֵܽ飬ǿǴ¶
˺һȻҲʱҪ뿪ҶȣԥϼһˣⶼˣҪȥźӣ̫ˡ
˵ֱԥϼңԸ⣬˵˳·ֱվͺãȥȽϿһЩ˼С
ûκΣֻý˳͵˻վһЩǮ·á
˻վ֮Ȼұֱӿ˾éɽҵ˾֮ѾǴҹˣϵȥéɽЩ̫ãҸĸҲ඼ϢˣҲ뽫ǳѣǱ㿪ֱȥǧַүļҴһһéɽ
ȻڰϣҵֻͻȻһһİĵ绰룬绰صģʾʡֻĵ绰һ㶼ˣҲҴ绰Ϊǲ֪İĵ绰˹Ϊһɧŵ绰붼û͸ˡ
ҹģ񾭲ɣⶼҹһˣ˭Ҵ绰أ
Ȼ绰ոչҵˣұЩͷĽͨ˵绰ʶԷ˭
û룬绰ǱߴһŮͦģȴԵֽãСŸ𣿡
һ£ӵİҴû񲢲ʶһͺСŸ磬Ҵ⡣
λҳʵ
ȻشҵǲСŸ磿Ůٴν˵
˭ҵ
̫ˡûд绰ͬѧˣ˲ˡҾ뵽㣬϶ܰæӽ˵
⻰⡱һ£ʱһҲûзң侲Ƭ֮ұʵͬѧô֪ҵ绰ģ
Ҳò裬˸ϰˣ¶Ҷ룬һҾ͸оһȦס
һŮ˵Ǵֻ﷭ĵ绰ԲŴġ
绰ôˣΪʲôƫƫأҾֵ
ԷԵЩͣЩ˵㻹˼˵λ֮󣬾һֱƲɣ춼ڿޣǼýö岻ãڽϣͻȻ˵ҪȥȾƣǾȥһKTV˺ܶƣͺˣ֮һֱ߶֣һ߿һ߶㣬ӱжˣôȰȰáʱȥһ˲֮ͷǵİûˣǰģһȻҾ͸һһ绰绰ȫûֻͨֻɳ£˳Ȼͱ˾
Ů˵Ҳľͽ˵Ŀǣ˵ѣʱ״̬ҲǷӣѾͷһҰҺ޵ˣʲô´²졣
ŮӦþͬѧ߹ۡ
һԼ侲Ȼֵ˵ˣ
ұ֮󣬶ԷȷǳˣǱ˵˿ʧٲ24Сʱ׼ȴֻˣʱҶһۣͰĵ绰Ϊ˵ܶΣд͵ˣеĴӢۣûɵ飬Ҿ͸绰ˣӦа취ҵɡˣһ𲻼ģۣҲϵˡŮ


1951 ҹȥ
ҿһ۳ϵʱʾѾ賿ˣʧѾȥһСʱ
һСʱᷢܶ飬Ǽֱ޷
ȷŮ˵ĻĵʱҸоԼʹ
ҺһƬ
ô졭ô졭
Ǳ˸°ˣΪǺܲģȰչôһЩҲһ֣ܹ°ߵˣΪ϶͡
ղǸŮҲ˵ˣڵǸ֮д򶷵ĺۼ
ʱߵʱҲ֪չȴˣǿߵģģ˲䣬Ҹо°ߣһΡ
һǿԼȻŮǴʲôʱ򲻼ģ
ԼʮɣʱҾȥһ˲ܹ˲ʮӣһȥ֮ǾͲˡءСŸ硭˵ô찡ŮͻȻͿʮżӡ
ʲôطھ͹ȥ㣬ﲻԶܣһȫĵطҲҪüСʱܵҼ
ŮӦһȻұһַóϵĵҵ˾ķλȻֱһţ˳ӣʻ˸٣ļ٣޲ýӵɷɻ͵ǸŮߡ
һ˸٣ұ˞ųź䵽ףһ·۵糸Ҳʻߵٶȣʱóĺô˳⳵ӿڵ͸ҵģչ˵ֵüҲû֤ǵҽź䵽׵ʱٶĺܿ죬ұ뽫ųȫ򿪣ӦܵһУܰѿغ÷򣬲ײ߷˳
ˣһǾ⳵Ӳ죬ѾҲȵ˵ףѾ쵽˼ޡ
ܳһٹ֮ͻȻ뵽һ飬Ǹսһ绰ȥҲǼŮ¶ĵطļأȻǹ°ˣ϶ǿųģļܼһܹʲôطˡ
ղŮѾ˾Щ˵ҪʮСʱ֮ʱƻ˶ˡ
ԣұս壬صжٶȲױʲôط
ҲֻصȨһʱͬʱж
뵽Ҿ͸սһ绰ȥ绰ȥʱս˯ԺľͱҸˡ
֪绰϶м¶Ǳҷʲô
ұ㽫򵥵ĸս˵һ£˵ٶǱ߸ϡ
ƺҷҵĺսЩǵ˵Сţżҿ϶죬Ҿ͸ϵʡصˣ飬㿪ŵǧ顣
ӦһҲ飬ҵͲҪˡ
˵绰֮Ҽһ·ɳۡ
ͬʱҵҲһ飬ʲô˶֣Ƕǳģǳȥġ
ԷǳĻѾ°һʱˣӦúܿͻܵԷĵ绰ǣҵֻȴһûС
Ҳ²⣬пܣЩǳȥġ
һŮӣѧձҵûжãȻҲһߣȴδǵʲôĽɫأ
Īͷġ
ԭΪﲢǺܲҪֻǰչСʦ㣬ҵһӡ
ǵ֮ҵ̾;ĵĲУ溦顣
һиʧⱲӶεġ
ҲãҲѾͷġ
ҪǲҹȥȾҲᱻ°ˡ
һģĸСʱ֮컹ŵʱұѾִʡѾ˵ס
һʡϴѧǸУұǸŮһ绰Ͻ˵
ŮһҵˣȻָ˵һµĵַҹȥ
ڣǵطԶ˼㵽ˣҿһǳɫӴµŮվ·棬۾޵ĺףĵȴţҽֱͣߣһҴ˳ţһۣҲҿһֱۣ˳ţһ˸ʻϣصĿ
һ߿ޣһ˵СŸ硭˵ô찡Ƕˣǻҵ𣿡ô֪ҾƵ
ҿƬǼöȻϵˡЩҪ㻹취ǰɡŮٴδߴٵ
ðɣһ֪֣ʲôʵ
ҽͬѧѣѧһġŮ
ҸҪЩʲôʱҵֻˣһսġ


1952 Ƶ
绰ĺܼʱæͽͨȲʵ磬ʲôˣ
սƬ̣Ȼ˵СţЩֹ̫ۣѾ˽еļƵˣӶԷ߶ƺµķӦһΪܲߣôŰɣ뷢һƵ㿴֪֮ˡ
кܺ棬ӹҵ˵绰Ȼ䣬ȻͿս巢Ƶ
һƵļģһʼߵˣʮͨһʮ֣ǶźܴѼññĺܵͣ磬ֻһۣ϶Ǿߣ·ͨ˲һҲһһɱƣȻʮ׼ȷľҵһ棬ûƬ̵ԥƿ֮룬Ȼֹţ;ֹˡ
Ҳ֪ڷ﾿Щʲô֮ǷŲűٴδ򿪣ֻһηŴ֮˵ĻѾһ§һŮ˳
ǰһӣŵ
һҿ϶ǲϴģǴģǴ棬Ƕӡ
Ǳˣ·ȫǱš
Ȼ֮ǰһƴѾͷֶǲѾͷľԲ̫У˾֮󣬴Щܿƣ㱻Ǹˡ
˿ȥʮֵľ裬ʼնԴѼñܵͺܵͣǵһƬӰ֮УŲҴҵ뿪һգ۾Ͳˡ
ұ˵ڶƵڶƵ϶ǰװֳſڵļأʾ⼸˴Ů߳˴ţֱӽƽһɫȻٵĿˡ
Щ˾黹ͦḻ⽫бŷŵģŴſкܳһξ룬زûץĵǳӵĳƺ롣
Ƶͽˡ
ûץסʲôرõֻǸң۱ָ°ˣǱҾ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ǸŮҲ̽ԴȿƵ֮Ӷʱ㼤СŸ磬Ǳ˸°ˣǴʲô
ҿһۣҡҡͷʾҪ˵
Ƶ֮ҽŸս岦һ绰ȥһͨսʵСţƵ𣿡
ӦһǳƺŲ鵽𣿳ߵģ
ƺǸƣģѾ˺ʵˣЩʮֻǿҵ˵ĺܶȥ飬ֳһ·ߵģֱӳ˳ǣǳ֮û˼أ˾Ͳ֪ȥˡѾ֪ͨ˵صص飬˵ظҪ·ΣϼŲ飬һϢһ֪ͨ㣬ҪֻͨСţ鲻ż߻᲻ϧһд۰ҵ˵ġս尲οҵ
лˣ磬ҵ绰ʣµľԼ취ɡ
˵ţұҵ˵绰
ֿʮ˵СŸ磬˵ǻҵôᷢ飬ö˶˵ġ˾ͱ°ˣ֪Щʲô𣿡
ӵ࣬һʱҲ֪ôشˣȫҵ˼·ˡ
ҿһۣסȽͻȥ
һӣͦÿǴֻһ׸ֻһ룬ʮգǲܴһεεĴġ
һ£˵СŸ磬㲻һȥ𣿡
ˣΣգؼҵϢɣҵҸ绰ͺáҵ
ЩԸ⣬ҰҲЩη壬ҲֻܰҵķԸȥˡ
ؼҵ·ϣ·һվȽӼͣȻӻ˼ңһ߿һŸô飬˵ʵصôϵȥǶûʲôʵԵĽչҲ֪ôˣһ飬ϵ亹ˣʱϵԽãŮΣԾԽ
ۿžҪ͵СſڵʱͻȻһͻȻ뵽ɣҪͺˣһа취
ʱѾ춼ˣұһԵ̬ȣɵļﲦһ绰ȥ绰˺üűɵϱӵĵ绰Һһɩӣڼ
ɩ˵˯ص֮͵ڴ˯ˣһֱûѹ̫ˡ
һϲæ˵гм¶
ҵĻϱǲҵģæ˵绰㽫ɸ˹
СšʲôŸյңѻûůȺأиʲô۶ӣ˸ͷ˵


1953 ϾϢ
ҲûгЩģһ㿪żɽĽ˵һ¡
Ұѻ˵꣬͵һ˵ôᷢ飬̫ͻȻһЩ
ǰʱںҶȴһʱ䣬ѾͷϲһһЩóԵġ
ΪܹһѾͷʹ˻ֺóԵģ˿ٶݣ˵ˣȻҲǽޱȡ
ţұߴٵѾ°˴ˣûа취ܹҵǣڸְ취뾡ˣصǱҲڵҲ飬ֻڻûʲô̫Ľչ
Ǳ߳Ƭ̣Ÿ˵СţҪҲʲô̫ѵ飬Ҽǵò֮ǰһʱùһǧ׷ǻǴӿʱΪ³ռҵˣʩչֶΣʵһɿóãҪһЩýѣܲҵƽһЩûеĻһЩͷҲС
˵ⷬһǰôˣ¶Ƿڼ֮ǰأղҲǼͿˣûⷽȥ룬ǧ׷ʮģǿֶΣҵǸǶֽ֮ˡ
תһ룬ҲЩˣæ㲻Ҳֶΰ˵Ҳڰ˵
û¶ҿԸ㶯ǧ׷ķźֻҪ«ưͿˣʵⷨŲûжѣΪôһ˵ˡֵ
ֶҲҵļҴѧˣ޹˼ɵҪڸң֪ΪˣȻ˵ˣҾͲܻоܾɣϾҪ
Ӧһ˵õģлˡ
˵лʲôлӣҲ岻ݴǣֻ޷ϸϵ߰ˣҪȻҿ϶ȥҡһЩ鷳ụ̂޷ȷķλзʬߣһã߶ǧ׷ʱ򣬼ǵô߶ǷʬߣʲôλǷʬĩ˵Сⶼ⣬ؼҵë
ʱңҿߵӣʵ֪֮ǰסʲôطܲܰһ·߰ҵͷҲС
ЩԣҲһף£ʱͷ˵С⼸һֱҼסһ£ȥ·˳ٸҵͷ
˵еһʯͷ˵أѾˣǱæߴϽȥá
ȥ·ͬʱѾҴ˵һǧ׷ķȫ˵ʲôĵطʱ绰ϵ첻š
Ӧһҵ˵绰
ŷ˳ֱ֮סСȥڳϵҵĹ⾰·ѪǣӾȻһ££ߴ绹Сƽʱôûء
СŸ磬Щ·Ҫһ˫·ҿһۣʱһɬæнӹһ£˵Уˣ֪֪⸽ûʲôȦ־֮ĵ棬ײĵҲС
СŸ硭ʲôЩ˼˵
ˣֻܸұáҼ
ǰߣһСͬҼǵһС棬һȦֽģҿԴȥ
ˣԼȥͺã⼸ʵʵĴڼҲҪȥҵһ绰ġҵ
˵ͷЩĸҰ˰֣ȻתС
ұ㿪ҵǼһȦֽ꣬ʱ򣬵̻ûпţļǵ˺һӣǵŴ򿪣һɭɭͷܲԸĴţûҸɶ糿ġ
һȦֽȷЩ̫Ҳ˲ôˣֱӴ˼źƱӣݵͷǰ˵ҪһֽˣھҪ
ͷЩƵĿһۣǽӹȥҵݸǮһûлӵֽ˳ֱӱֽ˾˳ͳ߿ʻȥ
Ϊ֮ǰսͨѾ鵽ˣǱЩ˴ų߶ȥˡ
ҵĳһٴνӵսĵ绰ҽ֮ս˵ʮĵطѾٻˣûԱѾתƵһϢ׶Ͼ


1954 ˮ೧
ٻԭ°ĳΪ˻֤ݣȽڻɽҰ봦תƵһӵʱϢĳ׶Ͼˣطûмأ׽µĻҲǸոճǵĻ档
˭ܲĳ˱ʲôطأ
ԣ鵽һ֮սϾͲʲôϣˣûзһֱڵԴȥ顣
ҿοһս壬ģ˵Ѿҵ׷İ취
սԵЩæʲô취˵̸ҵģľͲˣԼͺá
ս廹Щģ˵һһ绰ʡصĸˣʲô鷳ֱӸǹͨͺãǿ϶ȥ֧Ԯҵġ
ҹ˵绰֮󣬼һ·У֮ʮҽžͿս˵ٻٵĳӣյѾֻʣһˣΧΧ˲ˣҳӲûͣǰ˴ԼСʱ֮һû̵ĵطͣȻĸֽ˴ӳϱһƬĲݴС
ұڸҵǧ׷ֽ˵϶ЩֽţóһŻƱֽдֺ֡
ʵòʲֻϧҲˣӻȦܹһֽѾܲˡ
ָ֮䣬ֽأԶһ£ȻӵվȻҲߵķУûֽ֮˱ͣ
ʱѾʬ߸˳óʬ֮ұ㽫ʬ߳ǵ߳ķָһ£ʱǷʬĩ˵СͻȻ΢΢˸˼£һϲ˵취ã̶ʡˡ
ţұ㽫ֽ±˳ϣǷʬ߾ͷڼʻҵǰ档
Ƿʬ߾ҵĵǡ
ڤڤ֮УǷʬߺҳϵֽˣԼ֪ʲôطѾγһ΢Ĺ
ʬ߿ֽͨϵ
ֻҪƫ˷򣬷ʬ߱㲻˸ľԽԽĻʬ˸ƵҲԽ졣
ʵǲĵ̸⳵ϵֽˣľ룬ָתͷԽԽ졣
ҿųһ·ǰУΪܵʲôɽҰ֮УȻʹǳĵطǰ˴Լжʮ֮Ƿʬߵ˸ľƵ֪Ѿܽˡ
ҳǰ濴ȥʱ򣬷ǰ沢ûʲôڣֻһ޴Ĺں¡¡תš
ӣǸЩˮ೧Ҳ̫ȷ
ֱӸңпܾҹ档
ڳϳƬ̣Ǳ㽫Ӳһεڣֱŷʬߣ㳯ǹ˹ȥ
ſתһȦ⹤䱸ɭϣкüڰأĳ٣ڲϵļ飬˷ʬһַʬĩ˵ǸС˸ʮƵ֤ͱ档
Ҿˣôᱻ˴ֵطأ
ʱǰ죬̫ΣǱ⹤Щ鷳
ŽȥЩ鷳⹤תһȦһεڣֱӷǽ롣
ȥ֮ǰĻĴǺ¡¡
뵽֮һЩãȻ֪Լ׸úȥδӣβҵ
ʬͨǸֽҲֻҵĴλãǾԲܾȷĳһλ
Ҵʱֽ˻ڳϣЧһЩ
Ҳܴıһֽ˵ܣҲ̫һЩ
Ĺһֱۣӳų칫ĵط˹ȥϣܹǱҵһЩ
ȻûмͻȻһ˾ĳ˹Ǹʲôġ
ͣ˽ŲȻת΢Цſˣ˵ҵģⳡ̫ˣ·
һɻĿң䣬Ȼôġ
·ĶӦǸߣЩˣôء
˳ҿʱһٰ˲㵽ߣһлɢһ֮ϡ
һֱӾϵȥʱۼֿ죬һס˵ӡ
㡭㾿ʲôˣ˾ֵ
ҪȻŪ㣡˵ͬʱѾǬ˱һذףֱӵ˵ؿڴ
ŵɫ䣬˵˵ģ컯յģǧ֣Ҳ߲ȥ
ЦһĹһֲۣԶһǱ˳ǲķ˹ȥֱӴ˳ţ˲棬ҲԱߡ
˵˵ɡʲôˣҽذ׵ؿڣʵ


1955 ̫
Щ£ſڱˮ೧ıʲôˣ
ҴĶߣƵЦ
ҵ֮ԵĴһ£Ȼҵʱľ֡
ڽϻģҸо󲿷ӦöҵͷϾô̫ˣǻɽɽ֮УҵͷڻĵĴԶ
Ȼֶγ˵㣬һܹһߣҾҪķӦǲʶҡ
ֻһ˲˱عãȻ˵û˵ˮ೧ʲô
ٴһЦҳӣ϶ʶңûֶΣѵҿˮ೧϶⣬˵˵ɣʲôģ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˾⣬ʲô⡣ֵ
ʵǰɣҪҶЩֶΣ۾һУһסͣеذ׾ͳؿȥذǻģ̴·ִܿƤ⣬عǣذĲλԽԽ˼лɢҲҵĶ﷢ص졣
ţұͣеĶҲɿ֣ȥ˵ʱǾޱȣſǻ˵λү֪ʲôһˮ೧ʲôûа
ǸӲͷʳʲôҲҪһ򣬵Ҵ˿ļ٣һӣһգ£ٴһѦС߸ҵҩ˵ţ˺߶ûһ˹ȥ
ҽ˵·ԼϣִǬ˱óƤߣϣ˵˼ʻӳټˮ೧Ĵ߶
ҵĿȺ֮ɨڿûߣȻȺ֮Уȫͨˣ˵˵ЦЦûʲô쳣
ˣѵжϴˮ೧֮У
£Ҽӿ˽ŲֱӳŰ칫ȥ𽺹⳧ѲߵıһҲûʲô鷳
Ҿֱߵ˰칫һһİ칫ҿٵɨȻǰļ칫Ҳûʲô쳣Щڲæŵͨˣһ߰˸칫ңҶҪ˵ʱͻȻһ¥һ칫ﴫ˻ȭȾƵ죬Щˣģڰ칫ȾƣЩ̫
¶ҵľǱǰȥһ̽
ǵվſڵʱ򣬷ȷ⣬İ칫Ҷиܹ͸￴ȥ䷿ȴûУŻǳصķš
ſһֵĺܣȭߺȵڶ
һţָƲǴ淴ġ
ģڹһںȾƣ̫ˡ
ҳƬ̣Ǳ÷ţҪﶼЩʲôˣ֮ĶܿͳȻһɤʮֲ˵һ䣺
ȥƢС
Ҳû뿪Ǽ˼š
űһվֵĳ˹һ˷š
һ򿪣ǰһ߽׵Ĵ󺺣һ׶ֻǿһۣ㳯ҷһţؿ˹
ôģû
һŷֱؿڶ̷ʮһ¾жϳǸߡ
ҷӦҲһ߹ʱһѾץס˵ĽףؿڷһŹȥ
ǽҵˮ೧ıмģҲûʲôһű㱻ҸŷɳȥȻҿٵһ˷֮УŸһ·ˡ
Ǹһ߷ɳȥļһֱײһҵϡ飬һӵľƲĴɣ˸ײ˵ϡ
ֻһ˲䣬ȫסˣȻ׷׻Ȼ𣬴һ˷߾˹
Щ˵ĴŴ綼ʲôһ֣ҾͿ˳߸ˣȫֶβߡ
˲䣬˱ҵߣһŴ󿳵ԼϿһŶнҵؿ˹
һ֣Ǭ˱лɢͷĳЩӿ˹ȥ
ĸһֱɵ˵ϣеķҲ׷ء
æ˺ס˿ڱǣһеĿָңŭ˵㲻⳧ģ㾿ʲôˣ
ʶôҳɭȻһЦٴ¶ʽĴ


1956 ؾݵ
˻һŲ׷˺֮г޾ľ֡
ҵ֣ܹųӣֻһԭǱҵĵ˻߳ңһĽѣǾֻ֣һЩηˡ
ʶıҶСҾʼ⣬ߣ˵ʵȻԣЦ˵һһ˹ȥ
˱˴˿һۣ׷׺ˣǽˣѾұƵǽ
һЩ˵㡭֪ʲô
ʲôˣΪʲôˮ೧ҳʵ
ҡҡˮ೧ԱΪʲôҪءһ˵š
ʱһ˵ɫһͻȻ˿ٵĳҳɱ˹
úܽСΪͻȻܹеֵĻᣬʵһҶ۵ףվ𵶣Ҿ֣ĵһѾĵؿ֮ϣһƺߣֱײǽϣһѪǽ϶ʱȾһѪû֪ǲҲҪˡ
˱붯˵Ĳ״֮󣬶ʱŵĽǽ֮ϣһҶˡ
ָָ˶һ˺ӣ˵˵ôˣһɱһֱ˵˵ʵΪֹ
Ǹ˷׷һĭҡҡͷ˵ҡʲô֪㵽˵ʲô
ٸǷϻΪҶ϶ǲʲôˣʵҲ³ˣʲôˡ
˻δ䣬һ¾ֹȥסĲӣôһ˲Ӵǲһ죬˾Ҹ˵ϡ
ԱǸһֱӾ͹˵ϣ߶µ˵šүҪɱҡһɡ
ʶңҵ
ʶʶү𽭺С᲻֪˲ϵ亹
ʶͺã㲻ʶ˵˵ɡʲôˣʵ
ҡǡҪڣһлɢ鷭ڵصͻȻɳҪǸ˵һ֣ұ֤ĺܲң
üͷһеĽ궸Ȼ֣˺ĳ˳ȥֶ֮󣬺ܿ۷˻˵ĿѶʱһѪɥ
ͷҲصļʵ
Ǹɳ˵˵ͷ˵ǡһصֶˡ
ͷһ֮䣬֮У֮УĲࡣ
һصˣˮ೧Σͺö˶˵Ĵ˵Ƥӵ¡
ͻȻһ飬ֶ棬Һг𰡡
ֵֶĶү֮ǰġһǰүɱֶܶˣǱ¶вأصֶͨ˰֮ãȻˮ೧ֶ氲ʵˮ೧һճУֶۼ֮ҵ˵ͷʾȻ
ԭôһ¶ҲΪҴ绰˵ȥʱǱĶ䷢ƭһɽׯ֮УҩΪˣһ󣬲ɱˣʱҶéɽƽ̸ҵһŽɫû룬ǲûʲô깶ˮ೧Ρ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪˣǾڱ
һ뵽һصֶҵͿֹ
Ҳ֪ѾͷôˣһиʧôΪɵ˽ôչ
ͷ˼£ȻұʵǶ䷢ڲˮ೧
Ǹɳ˵˵ͷ˵ڡ
ϣȥ°˼Ůӹ¶֪֪ʵ
⡭Ҳ֪ɳ
滰ٻʡ
ģǧȷֻǸΰģͶĹҪʲô飬ֲСɫ֪ɳæ
ʲôط
ںԺĺԺеļӣһеңǾסкܶڡɳ
ҹȥҵ
ҡҽȥɳɥ
ȥ
ȥȥɳӵվսս˵
߰ɡǰ棬ǰŸߣҾֻսһ绰ȥһص鸺˵ĵ绰ҲϤֻͷս֪ͨˡ
绰֮ͨұս磬ˮ೧һصֶһؾݵ㣬ѾϿص˹СʱҾҪɱˡ
սŴԣһõģ֪ͨ˹ȥҪСġ


1957 Ů˵Ĳҽ
ڴ绰ͬʱЩ֮ǰлɢ鷭ˣȫһһý߶˲ӣȫȷһص֮󣬾ûбҪʲôˣصЩһҲһ
ǰ·Կףǳȥ֮󣬱㽫Ÿˣһˣ˸ˣҿ϶ͻᱩ¶Ŀꡣ
ҸɳһһļϣŵӰһأ̱
ô˵𣿡ʡ
ûû˵
һ˵ҷкܿɵ˽˳˵ǹ㱨ģҪ֪𣿡ҵ
ɳæͷ˵סˡ˳ֻһϵĺˮ
ұǸ˳˰칫ĳӴԺһֱƵ˺Ժ֮УѾˣԺﻹ˲ֵĴ
ɳ߳˺ԶƵ˺Ժ֮Уǰһש߽ṹķӣ㽨Ƶиʮʷˣкܶɽ
ߵⶰש߽ṹϷǰſڴڰء
Ǹһſڣ˱ǰһ˵ɳǲǸ칫ôϴ˵ˣܡ
ɳæһʮֽı飬һ۵ֵ˵ղſһɵ˷ԺǽˣǴٶ㱨ģҪҪҡ
һ£ңһ˵㿴Էʲô𣿡
ˣһˣֺܺãҹȥʱ˾Ҳˡҵ
˱˴˿һۣⶼһ˵ǰɣٶͳȥһˣ˼椣ôͽ˸ˣ
ӦðٶԳȥʹ¶϶סԲ¶κ˿ģôҵôʱˣһֱܰȫһ˵
˵ˣһʱͣҪȥ飬ٶ˳ȥ¶֪˵ͷͦģǷֶܸ飬ٶҾ¶ͬСɣ֪ͨٶϼӷһ¡ղ˵
һֱϸǵĽ̸ܿͲ׽һϢǸղ˵ٶȥһˣ˼椻϶˵ˡ
ӷڣһȥ˲߰˸СʱҵĹ⾰ҴӾǱͣĸ˹һ·׷ٵһЩüĿвЩ
ĳĽѾȲҪѪˡ
ӵȴţֻҪһұҪɱˡ
ſļһһ£һ˴˽ȥ
ǹһĴţȻһ֮߶вٷ䣬Ӧˡ
滹㣬֪滹ж
һֶѣЩҲÿ̫֮࣬ǰҴżֵܱ³ļֶ棬Щ곤˲٣ЩﲻһȺ϶ѣԱѹ
ҵΪûȫָԸЩҲڻ¡
һ¥Ĵ˺üصţȻһߵ¥ݡ
ɳ˵ϾɵĽ滹ܵڹʱɳ˵طǼʮǰǰϵŵʱ򣬷Ǵιڶָʾ޽ĵ¹£һص¶ֶͨ;ˮ೧֮󣬱ֶķչ½˴죬кܶ෿䣬һͨܵ
ղѾ֪ͨս壬ص˹Χˣǿ϶Ҳ֪Ͼˮ೧Ĺ죬Χ಼úְܶɡ
ԸһصһҪӳȥĲźá
˵֮󣬷ֹﻹͦãһ·֮϶еơ
ڵ¹䣬ͻȻԼŮ˵Ĳҽһط˳
ҪҪˡ
Ȼ·˺
С椡үú桭ѧǱЩǿˣƤֺãĻˮ顭˷ĴЦΧкܶ塣
һЩҵͷƤըˡ
ҲǱ߰ɣ
һ뵽ҵĽŲľ͸ı˷򣬳ǸԴͷ˹ȥ
ǸǼٶ䷢ĺӸɳǰţͻȻҵת˷򣬳һ˹ȥ˱ͬʱת׷˹
ߣٶǱߣǸǽĺӺ
ҵѪţ˲ôˣֱӾͱǸطһſڣΧˣڷĴЦţ˳ЦŴ壬ôֵܶأϰɣ˵ء


1958 ޣ
Щ˷˵ĴЦ֮ԻﲻﻹŮʹĲҽ⻹ˣЩ˻֣񻹴ȶЩŮ˵Ȼֹžʹ֮
һ̣ҵӱѪӵţѪţǻоҪըˡ
ɡɡ
ţʱʹ絶ʣڱĻ棬һ̣ʲô˲ˣҲʲôƻƻģֻҪɱˣֻɱ䣬ȫɱƬײѪɺӡ
Щ˶ſڳȥʱһȫϲɫȲʱ֪ѾȻվǵ
һ֣㱻Ҽ˳űһƵ֮һЩſڵصȥ
ɨǧ
һɫĹĳſڵɱȥЩҽһûüʱһɫĽն䣬ʬɢһأòҡ
ȻɫĽǼſڵ˴ж˿֮ͷûл䣬նǺصţҲһضˡ
˲䣬һٰ˲ſڣһأЩնӻڴ˽￴һۡ
ܿ죬ҾͿûûµĴ󺺣ҵŮתͷ㶵ĿߣŮѾıˣǴѪȥ׳ڲ
ѾûˣûԼܹ
ҪȻҲ˾
һ̣ҵŭ𳹵ױȼˣǳɹļŭҡ
һ׳һ£Ҳ˵Լûд·ģֱӴһѴ󵶣㳯˹
վԭһҪҵʱеĽų˹ȥ
һѪŽ׳ֱŵһ˳ȥʱʹŴ͡
ȻûüеĽ˳һתһʱһն
ôûߡ
ǻүǶıǶûˣҲͲǸˡ
־ʹһ޷ᣬʱһɱĲҺֱӺ˵ϡ
һһ̾ͿҲһ׶Ըˣ̱һץס˻еŮˣסĲӣݺݵ˵ô˭֪ʲôط𣿸¶϶޷ųȥˡ
Ҿһ䣬ſǸŮˣҸһȫʬұ㽫ж˿飬࣡˵
⡭⡭һԱ֮󣬶ʱһ˹һı飬ֱŮĲǽǴֵ㡭ɱ
ȫǱŲˣɱħڻ治ǰ׸ģһصˣһҵͷ϶ŵƨӹɵġ
˵Щʱ򣬻Ǵſǻģ֪ûб
ղŮϳ׵ʱǰƺڣ
ҾҪǳ̤۸ζ
ҵĽŲûͣ˽ŲǸ˹ȥ
챻ŷˣǸŮǸŮɫͨ죬ͷ˳ûͣ½Ų
գ߳ױֱӹ˵үү´Ҳ
ڡһһźôͷ­˵ʬֱӵ˵ϣ˳һѽǸŮС
ŮӦĹۣǼǱҽ˳ңȫǱɵˣ֪ʲô
Ҵӵҵһ·һŮϣʹҡһӡѣǵģ֪ʲôط𣿡
ǸʧĿһ˿תͷң˲ӿ˳ԴҵϣصĿ
Ƭ֮˵ҡҲ֪ȥˡǱ֮󣬾ͷֿˣȻͽһȺˡء
ޡޡڣǷģһǱģˣһˣҪΪµ鸶صĴۡ
ŮģҲĪʹæ˵ϵ·ݸŮǿ촩·ϴ뿪
ŮʧģҰٴǵļһЩǣǱһЩ
գŮǻعҴææĴ·޿׼ҳȥֻǸߵſڣʱ㿴ȵͻȻһƱ˵Ҳмʮˡ


1959 
ղŴҽǸɳſڵǸԭǴȥ䷢ģߵ˰ϣͻȻŮ˵Ŀס˽Ųı˷򣬳пķ˹ȻûпȴۣǴ˳
ĹɳˣȻ֪ͨˣ˵˽һţôһȺ˵Χ
ЩС㣬Ҹûз
һصֶЩˣҼǰնɱ͸˵ˡ
⼸ΣԵĶϺԬЩʦͺɮ֪ҪЩһصͨҪײжٱ
һʦվһصһֶ涼Ʋˣǹƶ̹֮һܹԸ˵ġ
һžͿ̣ոջָһ˿ŮʱŵĻʧɫ
һЦЩ˿еĽͷ˳ȥһ֮ǽʩչ˽ߵʱǧӰߵȺֶȥ֮ʱѪɽѪɣ֫ϱɢһء
ұӿȺˣһ˳öûõıͭǮѱһóʱ㳯׷˳ȥͭǮɳȥͬʱʱѿȻͭǮȻһƬɵĹâɨߵĹʱ죬˲ҽŵѪ֮С
¹֮Уͺխô˶һ飬һʩչԷǱ޿ɱܣֻܵ
ұߵ˻һЩͭǮɨȻȫǿۣһȫʬߵ˾˺ܶ࣬ûһʬ壬ǹ֮ȫǲ֫ϱۣЩ⣬֮ƮɢŨŨѪζŵҲʳѪˮ
Ůһ֣ɱ˼ʮˣЩ˻ңֱ˼һ㣬ʱֵϵķ˸Ż֮
һս֮󣬹ɱħͷӵ߹ԭҵˣһ֫嶼Ҳˡ
ֲңԼ
˫֣㽫ȫٻ˹ͭǮ·Ǭ˱֮УҽУתͷŮ˵£ߣ๼Ǹղô۸ǵˣ
һ˵ŮĵӾԴһЩȴһһңҾûЩڡ
ҵˣȥأ
ұҪҵС
֪ңĶ䷢СͶߣһθҩûе֣ν°϶䲻ʲôô
뵽Ҳٴļ٣ʱͻȻһھ죬ȻкܶŲڵ¹ص߶һֳӿ˹
һصһֶˣǧˣҲ֪Ͼɵˮ೧ﵽǶˣòԷ
ǰ֮󣬽űóéɽ壬˼ζһ£ЩԭͭǮɸӵˣʱֹܿ˽ʬӵϵЩͽʬʮңȫǺëʬéɽĿ֮£ߵͨ˹ȥ
Ůô౻ɱˣѾŲˣȻֿô೤źɫëĽʬ쳣ŵȥ
ͻȻ֣ӳЩ鷳ûб˸ɱˣпܱҸ̸ⷬ
Ҳûа취ұôֻƾһɱȥ֪Ҫɱʲôʱ򣬹ؼڱҪҵֶ䷢ٸˡ
һ߰οŮǣסҵ֣Щëʬĺ棬ǰ첽ȥ
ûмĹսǴһȺ˵֮
һ˴еҵţëʬֵܰǣ
ëʬĵѾܸˣһ֣ҲһëʬĶ֣οһôʬ嶼ɶëʬ
̫խˣһңȻ˼ˣҲ϶ˤڵϡ
ʱ򣬺ëʬ˹ȥֱӽ˵ڵϵ˸ж˿飬ֱҧ˲ӺѪоЩǵУСһֵһᡣ
һұӱ۾ҪǿֲĲҽɻᴫŵŮɪɪס˶
ǰЩëʬ·ȫǺֱײĽ࣬һ±ǰͻϰס


1960 ᲻ú
ҲٿЩëʬһ·ֱײ˿ɵֱɱһѪ·֮Ϻ˵ɵ˺ܶʬ壬ҪôҵϣҪôЩʬ֮£֮϶ճѪж˿˿Ѫζ
һ·ɱţǰĽʬͻȻһ٣ֹǰŶ۵졣
һéɽ壬Щʬվȥʱǰһصţסǵȥ·
ֱӻӳһһɨǧ㳯ſ˹ȥǵŶʱǵն䣬éɽһ֮䣬Щʬٴγŵ¹½
·һ·̹û˵ΪЩëʬֲ̫ˣ·ϵˣϾͲκһڡ
ҴսսŮһ·ǰȥֹ֮󣬷ԼȻ·ˣ͸һԹһҲǵһȻҲʲôط
ߵѾҲһǸղڸƴʱЩѾû¹¡
һգǱ㽫Сȸ˳Ĵҳڡ
Ȼǰ죬ǵ¹⣬СȻǿԳġ
Сȱҷųȥܹ֮ͨЩ꣬Ӷܹʳʲôط
Ƭ̣Сȱٴҵߣ˵˳ڵڡ
£ҽС·ŽǬ˱УҵСȸ˵Ǹڡ
ԭھȻһţһֽǽڵһģһϸ
ٴһɨǧֱӽǵŸȥȳ䶨ұŮȥ
һſڣұоЩ̫ԾΪʱҞųȫΧеһжҵĞųӦ֮С
ڵ࣬϶ˣҽŲһ٣˻֣ʾŮ˺Ȼһٰ˲ͳ˳ȥ
ҳ֮󣬳ſ࿴ȥʱ򣬷ſ˲ˣʮ
һһŵģи߸߾˴󵶣ſڵĶѾ˵¹µ档
ղҵٶ̫ˣǸûзôġ
ҸɿһʱſڵȺ˵ע⣬׷תͷңʱŵȫһ˹һǿ֮󣬻ûüеĽѾ˳ȥһнߣǧӰ֣ЩŰһֱֻӽʦָק˳ǰһ
ʦֶʱһΣϱǣŻĻ㳯Щ˳˹ȥ
Ƭ̣ҽ˷ߵ˱նһ࣬ұߵ˱ʦϵĻȼյž졣
ſڵЩӲʱڣȫɱһ⣬תͷȥʱ򣬿ԶӰζŸԶĵط˳ȥ
ǵ¹ɱʱ˴󲿷ֶ˳ֶĶ䷢϶ҲǵõϢ˳
ղЩӰ֮УȻǸӶˡ
ţתǵķ׷˹ȥûۣǴӵ¹˳
ŮһӶûм˿ֲĳϣѪɺӵĻ棬һŵĻһ仰Ҳ˵
ڸţǧҪܣҽȻʹ뿪ҸŮ
Ǻ°ˣô죿һŮ˵
ҿһ۲ԶĶʦ֣ʦ֣Ӧǣһ
ʦʮ㣬ҺǺǵĴȻߵŮǰ˶ԴҪŮ׽׽ŮЩȻŵ۴С
£ˡ˵ţұתǰ׷˹ȥ
ǰЩܵĺܿ죬Ǵ˿Ѿǳ֮⣬һƬɽҰ룬Ҫӵ棬ɢǺܲҵġ
ϵķʬɿԸ֮Щ΢ϵ£ҽʬ˳жϳķȻǲϵĴ߶ٰ˲ȥķһ·׷˹ȥ
ٰ˲ǿĴ߶֮£Ѿسɴֶβˣ˲ƶ׿⣬ǰ׷ʮ֮ұ㿴ʮˣӵǰļɽȥ
ԼУ䷢᲻úģСŸϾˣСŸ粻ж˿飡
ôģôġһţȻֵ˵̫磬ôΪһСǣҵˣҪǸѾҵˡ


1961 ־
㲻СŸĻʲôֵͣСŸһɱɱ㣿䷢Ҹ㣬ȫµ˶ˣʣһһۣͲǸˣ޺޵
ǣҵò˭ҲõҪ㣬Ҳܱ˱ˣֱӽɱˣŲţ䷢ٴ
ɱңһСŸ׷ȫ࣡ٴ
һ׷һǰĶŸŻһξ룬ѾǰٲϵֶΣԶҶʮ
ˣԽԽˣҴЩ˵һ࿿߶ٰ˲Ƶǵǰ棬վһɽϸֱֶӵסЩ˵ȥ·
Ǳиˡ䷢Ⱥ˵УͻȻ˿ңһȫͣ˽Ų
СŸ磡廨ȿңĲᡣ
ʱö˶˵ģͻȻһ
үģҿ׷Ľ䷢Ǹ˵ûü֣ҪȻɾ鷳ˣﰵš
˴
䷢Ϊ׵Ǽʮ˶ʱһ׷˼
ʱ䷢ҲϳһסĲӣذ׶׼ʺݵ˵ô׷ͦ찡ⶼܱҵ
ҳ䷢Цһ䷢⼸һûСҪϲŮӣֱ׷ˣαô޳ֶܵΣһǸҩһأֿʼǿˣ治ǸˣƲ㡣
ôģҪ׷ϣõЩֶΣһǮϲӢ˧磬ô죿䷢ŭ
ðɣ䷢⻰˵ľȻЩԶԡ
˵ҲǣزģҲᣬͲȱǮҪ˵䷢ģɣͦÿСһֻϧĽŮϲСЩ֮ӣЩСڵȷ벻ķۡ
СŸ硭СŸ硭ˡءС㰡Ҿ֪ҡһһЦĲС
ǽһƣС̣ڿǱ˽ٳ֣Ӿͼڲϣðǣ
ӣģСŸһߡҳ
䷢ŵһĭŭ˵ߣҪȻھɱСƤҲŻ㣬ҪȻԡ
ΪɱЩܹ뿪𣿡ҳ
һףһһûܸСһ֮·ϻһģһ𹲸Ȫˡ䷢ݵ
ޣŸһ𹲸ȪҲҪ߲ڲϵһڡ
ҲˣСǲ䷢Ƶݶˣһ潫Ǽˣпɱ
£һ֮һԾ£һ֣㱻Уǰȥһһ˵ǰ˶ˣ˵㻰Ҫ䷢ԣһһȫʬ߻üұ֤ɱǣǸԣֻ·һڿʼҹ
˵һֵʱһЩֶΡ
һȣͬӴɽҰ֮첻˸ŵ̱˵ϡ
һ̣䷢ߵļͬʱеķ˵ϣȻתͷܡ
ɱħͷ治ǰģһصˣҵͷŷɥɽͻɽǿ϶˵Щʦͺɮ֪ɱ˶ٸһȸλϣЩˣǲɱġ
Щ֪ǵ֣ҲֱӶ˷ֱȥˡ
־һǻᴫȾģ˶еķ֮󣬾ͻиȥתۼĹ䷢ʮˣͻʣʮˣΧ䷢ߣЩˡ
Щһӣ䷢ߵǼ˶ʱЩߵ˴˵ǲǶ϶Ĳ֮ġ
Ҳ޷ֹߵĲ
ҲûκζͿ䷢ߵ˿ٵȥʵҲҪߣҲ߲ȥ֮ǰѾ֪ͨս壬ص˿϶ΧΧˣЩһȥƾͻᱻص˸׽ˡ
Ҽ䷢һһ˹ȥ䷢ϵļ⿪ʼʱЩŭɶذ׵ĲӣֱӴ̽ȥһЩȻѪ˳ŵ
һҾɱ䷢ŭ


1962 Ҳ
䷢ҸƼˣʮʱеذױѩ׵ĲӣѪ˳ذɫһ䣬¶ʹɫҵȴޱȵļᶨ
֪һ
ҲĿǰ
˵ʵ䷢ذ׻ĲӵʱҵĴʹһ¡
ҪȻ̾ɱɱ䷢һͷŭʨӣŭĳţܲҲû֮ǰС
ʶĶס˽Ų䷢䷢𼤶лú˵ҿԴӦɱ㣬ҲɱߵЩˣһҪˡ
㵱ǶǴɵôǰŸշžͻᶯɱǣ˵˼𣿡䷢
ҿԷѪģҲ֪߷Ѫĵķκ˶ΥģֻҪǷұ֤ᶯǷֺ㿴ҳ˵
ޣĻվﲻҪһҾɱСǣڶ䷢˵ţѾʮ˻ĳһ˹ȥ
˵ʵڵģ䷢ղŴӦһĲɱҶѾŵѪˣǲңҾû취ˡ
һصͷ̫һЩɣǾΪɱ˲գۣȻҲҷѪĻسŵ
һصˣʴȣɱģǴڵġ
䷢Щһ߳һٵȥһ߾ĳ߿˹վԭȷʵûжȴǬ˱ңСȹͨһ£Ϣ䷢ǱߣȡʣµСٶˡ
СȽӵҵ֮󣬺ܿǬ˱ɳŵٵĳ䷢Ʈ˹ȥ
ʱѾǰ죬Ȼʱ̣صʱ򣬲СȻǻһ˺ġ
ͨĹ»ҰֻҪ֣һ䣬̱ɢ
һЩҲܲסֱ䡣
ΪȣҲ̫ܳʱ䡣
Ҫûбİ취ˣҲСȳȥ䷢ذ׾ĵĲϣ΢һذ׾ͻĲӣҲҶҲע
飬ҲֻСˡ
䷢ܵĺܿ죬Ҽ֮ȫѾӿ񱼵Ľˡ
ȻϵذҲԷһЩ
ȵٶȺܿ죬գۼĹƮ䷢˵ߣҾһҽУ䷢
ţһɺɷεض𣬽ڵϵ
ȵˡ
ڿɺɷεضʱ̴ٰ˲ֶΣգۼĹ㵽Щ˵Ľǰ
ʱȲǻɺɷ֮ϻͻȻ˼üӣסЩ˵ȥƴһ¾ͳ嵽սȦ֮Уһ֣˹ʱٴλɺɷǬ˱
ƣһ˽ҵĻǰצһסҡ
˳ƻӿ˼źüɨǧֶΣǽ֮籡˵쳯Щ˺ɨ˹ȥ
Щ䷢Ȼ䷢ţֶο϶ˡ
ڵΪͻͽ콣ֶҲͬնĳ̶Ȳ֪˶ٱ
Žɨʮ˴㱻ǽն䣬ʬɢһء
ļ˻ߣֱ˽꣬ͭǮ˳һбͭǮʹͭǮûбŷӲǼʮöͭǮǴ˹ȥ
ʣµǼˣÿ϶߰˵ͭǮ׷˵˵ϣɥ
תͷĹһۣ䷢ȻҸո֮ǰѾǰˣҲ֪ȵʱô˵˵ĲǺӡ
ɱЩµʱСѾܳԶһΣ֮С
˿̣ǸצһңԴҵؿڣ΢΢ǿˡ
С£СŸˣϽ䷢ˡƵ
ҲҲءҾ֪ңҪȻҲôżľǲǣͻȻ̧ͷ滨һĿңһ˫ˮĴ۾ˮʱ
ôɰӣôû㣬û˰ɣ䷢ûаôŰɣҹе
ҡͷûСǸոս°ûãɱˣ䷢˵ʹˡ


1963 
ҿҵļʱֱӴӾһ·ɱʡǼֱǽɻĽ࣬ٵҵ˽İ취һ·ͣ㣬ҵټһСʱͲˡ
ǺôǿƢָʲô
˿̣Ѿͷƽ£ŵһ˵ء
һֱҲţ£ȴûƿʱε˵ͬѧ˵˵ҲϴСˣôһСƵģϽ¶Ҫһ䷢ˣǿɾҲˡ
˾£Һò״סһռˣܴٲһɣһ̧ͷСһңЩס
ţֵ˵˵ôôСģһŮӣô˻ȾƣҪǸͬѧҴһ绰ʲôûУ
һᵽʱɫŴϱЩֵ˵ѽһǸ䷢ĻҵýãСŸ硭㿴ûУ
㻹֪Сõ飬һΪء
Ľˣץҵĸ첲˵СŸ硭ǵôˣ
˻šЩ֪ôصˡ
˻šʲô˼Щ⡣
ȻţǱЩ˸۸ˡѾ۸ǵ˶ɱˣöʦֿǣȵ㡣ʵ˵
ʱֵס׼һεۿдתЩ˵ҡҡҺǡأ
Ǹ¹µĳڴõģʦǿǣû˸ҿġ
СŸ磬Ҫȥǣһ˵ţһֱ֣ʱ·˹ȥ
ѾͷûûεӣҲΣʵ뺰סȥһ·⵽һصķ鷳ˣǸ߱ȽϰȫһЩǲſ˵ЩʲôѾͷѾܵûӰˡ
ε̾Ϣһ䷢ܵ飬Ǵ߶ٰ˲䷢ߵķȥ
䷢ʵҲû̫ܳԶӣҲһضѣܿҾ׷˾ʧ䷢һǰ棬䷢ŵľһæˣһ͵˵ϡ
ܣܵĳҵ𣿡ұ˫֣䷢
䷢ӽŵϵһʯͷҵı޾ľ֡
û뵽ǣ䷢ͻȻ͹˵ϣҿͷֹаĵүүүҰɣҪɱҡԺҲҶŮˡ
ٶ֮ǰˣΪСǸӲӣԭҲôš
ղû˵ֻҪҾͻһƫƫǾ͹ֲˡֱɵСˣкãɣ
˵ţһ㵽䷢ߣؿ˹ȥ
䷢һųСӣʵЩֶεģߣһƻûĵؿڣСӲ֪һذףһ¾ͳҵؿʹ˹
ԭСҲǰϻôͻȻѣǶһʱ⣬޷Сӻʧˣٰ˲ֶҲǳصģǧһ֮ʣһΣѾ䷢󣬷һţ˳ƳƨɺݺݵһţС˷£ÿһʯͷϣתʱѾһѪҲ֪˼š
һСȻģ
Ҳڴ˷ʱˣֱӼ˽꣬䷢ȥһһĽ籡䷢ȥٶ̫ˣ䷢ҪﻹüۿһҪϣնΪصʱ򣬶ȻһͻȻ˳һ²䷢ϣһԣǵ䷢ľʯ֮ϣǾʯķѡ
ҵĿߣܿٴοһϤˣ䷢
ˡҸղŲһͱɱˡ䷢һˣʱĲУץסĸ첲
ĶҸ߹ˣһʱô¶ôǲءɸֵ
뵽ɱţ³ôôܵط䷢һǵѪ
ºˣǷѾĻŵ㣬ȫܼӸˣŮϡ޺޵


1964 ̸
ѵԼĶӵʱͻȻ䣬߹˶ʮ֣׷վֵǣʮ֣ÿﶼһ˴죬εģɫǴĻƱȽϹŹ֣ȥЩǷģҲ֪ϼһﵽǸʲôá
ѵ˶ӣͻȻһ֣Ц滢һ˵ү겻տɺã
һյĺܣϴҾͱһѣ˷֮УŪһéɽƽ͸ҵĽɫ
Žɫķ˵ʮ󣬾éɽƽҲûмţһһţû뵽ȴһСɫ˷һš
£ЦеĳǸӶ˹ȥʮ׵ĵطͣ˵ǰþò㻹ϵ׳ֻûʲôһ·ڿӵĽ࣬ö˶꾭Ӫĳӣͱһ͸ˡ
˭˵أһҲͷۣû취˭ҶأҶӵĲǣ˾үŮˣүǣǷֶҲˣɱҲɱ˲٣Ӧˣֶ沢үΪУү͸̧֣һΣ֤ԺԲүΪУ
ڸ̸һһ̸𣿸ûκ塣ҵ
üͷһֵү㵱Ҫ֣
㻹ʲôʲôֶξʹɣһ̧֣еĽ꣬ǽ귢˵죬ɫĵڽ֮Ͽٵתž졣
һֱ̣һΣ㵽ߣһ˹ȥ
󣡡ӲĽһеĽ
һصĸ·϶Ǹֶʵǿġ
Щ֮ΪȴǸߵͲȣеĶȸֳϼΪеĶֶȴһ㣬һ
ǰΪȷҹĿ࿴ʵӦҼΪߵһһصֶĶ
ܹһûбɳȥֻ˼ȷʵЩ¡
ղŴһ֮ǶʮͬʱеĴ죬죬ٵĽҺΧ
ҸƴʱΧЩ˱ŴٵתȦӣһʼһûиоôţǹƬ֮ͻȻҾ;ЩŴǰͻȻͱЩģһЩͷǣŵǣ˷ĵ֮ϻһ㵭İɫҺ
һ˻ԼԴоԼͻȻЩ̫ˣȥⷨʲôʱԻ˵ã
Լ˱˵жһ˴̼Լһ£ֱҧԼͷһ£ʱһɾʹҵʶͻȻۿǲϻζҲҲ׽Σһؽ˹ȥ
һУȴһƺߣһΣֱӱһ˳ȥŲԶһʱɫȻͲӰ
أ
ҳܿһۣȫǰããһʱ͸ɽͷĶ츣һ
˵ˣǶʮŴļһﶼӰˡ
ȥǱˣڣⷨôƣ֪ͲˣֱӶǣҲһڷ֮С
һֻŽ꣬һֻ˷ʬߣǰȥСţ֮ⷨͻȻðİ㡣
֪ˣȴ֪еʲôУƵġ
ҴҪУҲ
ĿĵǰʮףȻ䣬һ˵˹СŸ硭СŸ硭
һ£Ķʱ͵һΪģѾͷȥȥôô۷˻
Ȼǰһһˣ˭
ѾͷôˣҳԾ
һصһСñĻ޿ţܰȫҾֻˡЦų˹
ҺǱǸ϶÷סˣôģƵ
СŸ磬ˣҲһߣһΪɵĵӣΪҲ֪󰡣ʵܼ򵥵ģȥɡ˵ţͳ֣Цӯӯģϻÿľѡ
͵ҪȥסֵʱͻȻһҶߺСŸ硭Ҫ
СȵڸҲҪнӴʲô˼أ
ǶѾ߽ң֣ͷ߰СŸ硭


1965 
ԣⲻ
ĵһͷҵǰ첽˹ȸղȴҲҪҸ˭أ
ҿ϶Сȣһֱߣôܿҡ
߹ʱһٴҧ⣬۵Ҳᶼٴγȥʱǰʲôһӵĺӣذףһ¾ͳҵĿ˹ͬʱӰ֮УбҲȫУһͬɱ˹
֮ѪյѪһҪ⣬֮ѪУʱܹϣԪҪ֮ҶʱȫһᣬҲ˳Щˡ
£̴߶ٰ˲һǵİΧȦеĽһһȥ㳯ն˹ȥ
һҽдһ˵Ѫ֮УӱնΪأһֱ˰֮УȻͲӰ
Щ˼ȻܹԻ˵ʶǱĬ֮бУҲòСһ£֮Ѫҧ֮ҵʶֻǵõ˶ݵűֿʼЩͷˡ
֮ⷨзİ⣬ܵľ﷢ʲô仯ҵ۾⡭ҲпǻһжǻܸʲôûС
˿̣ҵЩҡ
ǰ˼֮󣬽һ˺ҡ
λһŮ˵
СŸ硭СŸ硭
һһ𣬳ǰȥǸŮ˾Ȼվҵǰ棬תͷңϴ΢Ц۾ȴỨ
ҳһʱ򣬷վ±ϣһǰһ㣬ңһȻ֮ɫ
СŸ磬ܸһ㡭
˵ţͻȻһԾȥ
һ̣ξĥҵǷݡ
һΣ޷ס޷һҾĿ£ǡ
Ҫ
Ҵһʹһĳķ˹ȥ
ҪסҲ뿪ҡ
޷ͻһĻĥҺü꣬εҹλأܾһ亹
Ҳ֪ôˣ֪ǻ󣬿һǲĳķ׷˹ȥ
Ȼһٰ˲ȥȥץʱͻȻ䣬һ˫С֣һ±סҵĴȣСȡ
СŸ硭Ҫǻþǻþ
һ˻ԴתͷٴȥƵʱ򣬶ʱŵǶ˳ȥҵĽžͲ±ϣǰ벽ӱ£˿̣СȾվҵһ˫С֣ıҵȣͷչҿСȵɽкɫɷڶȥɫҲһƬ
˿̣Сȫ¶֮£ǹҲ֮ܲ⣬£ҵʹһ£һֳСץ˹ȥŽǬ˱֮С
һ̣һ첽뿪¡
ҷҿ϶ƲŹֵķˣҾԲִС
ȻˣǾøӱѵֶΰɡ
Ҵ߶˺ϴ辭ΧһеҾͲƲⷨ
ҴʱﻹǳĹܹתһܵΪãҲõĵᱬѵ⡣
뵽һֱӴ߶˺ϴ辭һɱ֮ҵȻȫëſֲ˲䳯˷ӿ
ЩİϾ£ϵĻĲݿήʯ׷գȻѿ
ţзӡԩԹͬʱͷ˳
һΧƱã
ɡ
Ƭ֮ͻȻ˾ִôⷨˡ
ôܣģǵķ󡣡
˺ϴ辭ѿˮһ㳯ܿٵӡ
תۼĹܷİ㲻ӰȻҾͿЩž޴ӣܲܶЩһصˡ
΢΢Цһ֣㳯Щץ˹ȥ
϶ʱһǿ˱Ҹ˹ˣƿС
һֻҲһץ˴
Թ֧֮£˺ϴ辭֮ʮֵĿֲҲͼӵĹЩˣܿͲȥڷ˰׷ϵˮֺٵıɣǾֵĴţҪ£һж޼¡


1966 ɱ
ͬħӣ˷׷׶еӣתҪܣ䷢ӣҲڴ˴ֵĿһ֮ҲתԶȥ
һĹ򣬸ոձǼ˶ʱٵıҳɣҡ
Ȼҽ˺ϴ辭ٴαһЩܵ˹ȥЩԭܵˣ˺ϴ辭ӹȥ֮󣬶ʱһ̶֮Уٶһ˲ͽ
ȻҲϼӴ룬Щӵ˲ǲǰŲˣӻڵˡ
һĽȴ޷⣬ʱƣ˺ϴ辭ԽԽǿ󣬵ǶԷȴʱ޿̲ڱ˺ϴ辭ɡ
˴Լм֮һץʱ˱˹һΣЩģɵĸ죬ҾĿǵƤ˥ϣݵ⣬ͷףһŷɻңûʣ¡
ʣµǼˣ䷢ӶˣЪ˹ﾪֵĴţЩֱӾſ˵ϣס˵ϵʯͷߴʹ飬ѣҷŹһ

Ҫɱǣղһ϶ңôпᡣ
˵ʲôûˡ
ܿ죬༸ҲҸ˹編ƣȫ˷ɻҡ
Ȼǻڿŵ䷢ӣץס䷢ȻҴĵɱҶӣʲôԡ㲻ҪɱҶӣʲôȫ
˵⻰ʱҷ䷢۾ͨ죬˻ں޵ˮ
һصȻǻĵһа̣а֮ҲȫǻˣҲи飬ҲиĸҲͨûʲô
ǶҪˣһԸ⽫еζе
䷢ȻȴҪеζ
ˣͻȻ뵽Լĸףȴ֪ΪʲôͻȻЩ
ûͣ˺ϴ辭ٴһץ˫һһӶ˷ֱҵУԽǹǿ֮ŻһЩ
ҿԲɱǸӣһɱɡҳ
ҪʲôǮеǮȫ㡭æ
ȱǮôҵ
ҪʲôҶӻʡ°˺ܶŮҲȫ㡭
ȫŵ񾭴ˣʲô˵
ЩҶҪֻҪǰղںδֻҪң㸸Ӷ˶Բҳ
һԵЩңűҡͷ⡭治ֻ֪һصٸֶеһС֪ôҪ飬ƾĴϣҲһ֪ⲻΪô
ǺðȻ㲻֪ǾûʲôԽඡҵһ˺ϴ辭ٴηת
֡֡ҲҡȾҡ䷢ٴδ
ȵȡȻҲ֪ܶںδһ֪һȷеϢ˵ܶѾǸӵж¯֮ϵĲˣɳءҾ֪ôˡæ˵
ϢҲ֪һЩʲôû˵Ҽ߶˺ϴ辭ֱӽǸӶϵΪ󲿷ֶˣ˶Сͷһ㣬Ҷ˵ϡ
ҲûɱǣȴҲ˵ΪʲôɱŻõģǽص飬ʳһЩʲô϶֪ʡطһصλãصѶһҲܶ˵һصֶ
صУǳ˰ǹӶ֮⣬ֻȥ״ˣƱɱǶܡ
ţұ㽫һϢĸӶˮ೧λÿ첽Уǰһξ֮ͻȻǰһȫźɫɽװǵ󻹸һȺǹʵ侯սʿӭ泯
һǣҾ֪ս֪ͨˡ
ЩҵĽŲûͣ£ӭǶȥȵļص˳˹һʮĺһѽҵǰ棬һ˵ãǾү𣿡
˵ţұ㽫䷢Ӷ˸˵ϣֵֶ䷢ӣҸڡ
лү½ƽʡصĸˣֳ֪ͨҹ˵ġ
ƽ˵ţߵʹһɫű䷢ˣ˺档


1967 ϵҧ
ҿƽһ˵֣лˡ
үʡһͷ󻼣ӦлүˡƽЦ˵
Щ¶ôˣסûУʵ
ˣˮ೧ԲʮķΧȫصסˣһصЩӳȥĻʮãƽֵ
ҲǶ˵ЩʲôǸӶ˽ƽ֮ұҴҳˮ೧ĵ¹µĳڶȥǱСûұȽϵİΣԹȥһƣûʲô飬ұҪ۷ؾéɽҵĸĸˡ
ܿ죬ұˮ೧ĸһ·֮Ͽ˺ܶصص߶Щǹ侯սʿһģżҲܹҵǹ졣
Щص˿һɱ˹󶼱ܶԶ֮ҵ̫ʢˣּʶǵ¹ﱻɱЩһصˣ̫ˣ󲿷ֶȫʬЩֱӳһ⡣
Щʶҵ侯սʿҪѯʣҲЩصæһԡ
һصǵ¹³ڵʱ򣬵ǵطΧһȦˣΧһȺ侯սʿһȺصˣԼжʮΧˮйͨ
ҵʱҲøǆˣֱżٰ˲οȣǼ侯սʿ˹ȥ
˼ǣǼ侯սʿƺǸоҴһζǻͷȥʱȴûпˣһãȻɫǻԼǲۻˡ
һٳֵʱѾЩصΧԲȦ֮УȻ֣ҲЩصһʱ˾˷ָҵ˭
ţһ˻˵
Щһңʱȫһ˼
˵ôΧôˣΧŵǻðĶʦ֣Ůվһ𣬱ſ޿䡣
֮ǰҸ߶ʦ֣Ҫκ˿ŮʦȻģЩصֲ֪ʦǸʲôҲ֪ǵѣֻýʦָΧ
߸һţ㿴ңæһСŸ磬㳯ұ˹һѾץסҵĸ첲Сͨ죬Щ˵СŸ磬ҸɱûУ
ûСҵ
Ϊʲôûɱǣ㿴ǰҵС۸ʲôˣһҪɱǡ˵
𼤶ȻûҲûжˣǵΪҲֻʣ˰ڱص˸ˡҵ
͸ɱǣ̫ˣҧۿй
һ֮󣬱૵˵ҲáҲãҲôϴǳȾƵģҪȻҲᷢ顭ء
Ѿͷ˵˵ţͻȻҿ˹һԴҵļϣ
һһʱ䲻֪Ǻˣֻļ򣬰ο¶Ҳֲ㣬˭㳤ôÿ䷢أԺͲҪϳȾˣ˵ġ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôѾͷͻȻſҵļſҧҵļһ£۵죬ҪƿѾͷģɡ
ˣҧң˵
̧ͷһۣЩԹ˵ҳĺÿΪʲôҪң㲻ҪңҾסң㿴ϵҧ۵ʱ򣬾ͻҡ
Ѿͷ̧ͷңµ٣ݣһ˫ˮĴ۾ôһ˲䣬鶼ЩˣǸĻǻҡ
Ҳ֪ôشһΪ飬ǵС̸ôӣ˵ˣҪѹ
ֻЩִٵЦЦ˻˵СѾͷ칻ݵģľǣҿ϶סģϽвУΧô˿أΡ
һֵۣұһôˣֲһ⡣
ĹһۣЩصΧſأеĺ߻һԺٺٵЦȥСôŶôаء
˵˵ҲѾͷ֣Ȼ󽫶ʦָٻ˹һͷ̫ˣҳ׶񣬵ȷЩˡ
ʦ֮ұʲô㣬һȥģ˳³飬ֲֲܣԱҪǼ졣
Щ˶ˣӦûʲôΣˣʱص˶տǱߵ鴦ˣϽ³꣬һ䣬֮󣬼ǵȥҶȣѦСߴ飬ȥӦһ£Զǧ޹ҲûʲôŮѡ


1968 Ҫ
һۣ˵ѣǺýã飬Լ϶ȥġ
˵⻰ʱĿЩģתȥӦˡ
Щ̫ѾͷǱˮ೧ţǰһξ룬ҵҷ·ߵĳ۷˻ֱ͵ҽԺӺһصЩ˴Ĳᣬȥ飬ûʲôˡ
ͻȥ֮ұֱȥ˾éɽ
ߵʱЩᣬһֱۿתҵĳӿȥ˺ԶͨӾ󿴵ʱ򣬷վʼûȥ
ӣҵЩĪʹһֱһţӿٶȣҲƵȥ
ϵ˿ʹ˰̣ҹƶѾҧѪ
ȷݣ˵ҪҼסô
ֻվһʼһĴڣҵﻹкܶŲµ飬ҲзŲµˣһ뵽ЩҵӾġ
ڸ鷽棬ܶʱ޷ԣֻѡӱܣҿǷ˺öˣҲͬǷԼ
ģüβ㣬һ·ֱӿ˾ݣȻշתéɽĽ£ͣ˷羰ұ㳯źɽȥ
˺ɽʱٽéɽ츣صĵطҿвӰζ߹ȥһʱéɽĵʿ˳ҸŰΧһٴеģǰļʿһ۾ϳңĴк
ұ㿪Ц˵Ϊʲôéɽộҹӭҵô
һСЩ˼һЦ˵ǣȽϽ˵ɽɽ飬һصʮţƽϷأܳκ©ԸػɽҲ࣬ҲǲѶΪ֮
ŷӦ˹ȷԴɽͻɽһص֮󣬸ɶĻ̻̣һһص˻ҵԼͷ޲ɽţصǵĸޡ
ҲһˣСţֱéɽɽŴ
һν֮ҷéɽɽŴƺҲ²һ£ȥĹ̸ӸһЩҲ˲ٹ
ȥɽŴʱһéɽɽųˣҲǧַүֵܣһƵģһμҸĺܣҵ꺮ůԽ͵éɽС֮С
·ϣһ¹ɽͻɽ飬飬Ҷв룬򵥵ĸ˵һµʱ
겻ѣ˵һμҵʱ򣬱Ժ϶ܳɾһ£ûпơ
˵֮ϷণһصéɽҲܵ˾޴ΣɽŴǶ츣ص֮أ̫ˣһҪȡɽͻɽĽѵغɽš
һ·͵éɽС֮˱Ҹˡ
˵ʵÿμҶܿҶܲҶȴ̫׽֮У飬оǸڱ棬ҢˣʲôҸҢ˵ȴ뽫ʲô鶼ˡ
˸ҵĵһӡ̫ðɣҸǧַүʱ˲׵ľҪʰҺѦСߣԱ֮󣬲ŶǿһЩ
һصéɽСסǸطòĸȻʮָˣ꺮ů죬ĸоЩ̫һǺþûй˰ɣǶʮ
迪ʼȥæˣ˵Ҫһӷ˿ңԷʱһҰ˼׾ơ
ȾƵʱҰͻȻ˵Ҫظ߸ڴ忴ü궼ûлȥˣʱûؼҼһȵġ
׻˵Ҷʹˣңéɽãϼﻹкܶǣҡ
Ҳǻȥ治Уһصֳ̫ˣղ֪ʲôʱͱĳԬͱޱǿ浣ǳȥ֮иʲôʧʱڶǱŵǣһι꣬һǻϼҿ
ϰҲ֪ڵѴҲôһᣬΪ֮ɫҲûٶ˵Щʲô
éɽһ˺ü죬ȥݻҢˣСȸҢ˺͹ūһ¡
ȻһȥݻƽˣÿμˣҶܴϸоܴѹҲ֪˵Ϊжߣ϶֮ϣΪҲҲδ֪
ƽ˼֮Ҳܹעɽͻɽ飬ұϸϸĸ˵һ飬Ҳ겻ѣأ߶˵ҪˡҪˡ


1969 һ
Ҿéɽƽ˿϶ǴӻɽɽƳʲôߣıޱȵأ˵Щ飬һСͯ뿪˼ԵЩż뿪Ҳ֪ȥ
˵ıЩ֣Ҳ֪˵ЩΪʲôô
éɽʮ죬ÿ춼éɽĶ츣У˴ʮֳԣһ죬кüܹﵽЧ
ֲø󶥼ɣҪռ츣أһǸֲ⻷ŷֲԭģéɽʱ֮УҵƻȫˣԼиоǵзӡŵӵԩԹǳɹǵת
ǿƥתĲǺܶ࣬Ҳܹо
ǹԹʮ̵ģľ֮ʬħľѾҸˣԹûһ
Դڻɽ֮ศɣתһ㵹ҲԤϵġ
Դƻָ֮ұ㿪ʼ콣Ϊǿһˡ
Ҳ콣һʽ졣
ǶϻµףүµǸڣʯ֮˵һ콣еǷɹɽ֮зӡ֮ٻޱǿ󣬷Ƹ֮꣬ʱ𶯣Ʊã磬пɽʯ֮ܡ
үʯϱôܷģҲ֪֮걻ٻûֲ
Ҳ֤һ¡
ÿҹ˾ʱұéɽС͵͵ܳҸû˵ĵط֣ʼǼ죬һӦûУֻÿδ߶ʽʱеĽЩܿƵ죬ǽ֮ϵķĲϵ˸ž죬żʵ֮ӽ֮дȴҲǸɴײȥ˵ٻˣ߶ûп
һ֮߰ʽûһһա
Ҳ֪ܼһʱΣķǰնҪˣûһҵֶΣһоͱˡ
¶żãֻ˹˼֮󣬱ǴҹéɽСַ֮ǷһƬϲʵطоҲǺܴ󣬳ûеӲƷ֮⣬һжĲ࣬ҲмУҲ̣ɶĶС
ҹ죬ҼҶŴ˷ò֣ҸϵֺһپƣںܸˣҺүӺȵĶеࡣ
Ͼϵʹˣһȶ࣬Щڸչʮ˯ˡ
طҲûиӣԣֻҲһʵģҹʱͻ룬ҲģҸطһ콣еķ죬˵Щͻء
һȣұ뿪˼ţéɽĶ츣֮Ĵƣéɽ֮ϣҲĴѲߵéɽʿ඼ʶңкֱӱȥˡ
֮УͻȻߵһɽĸط羰ϰϰǺˮҲĵĲ
طһǵһҲûʲộǰĺܡ
֮ҽű㽫ǽ˳ʼз졣
һʼʱ򣬻ǰģֻײ꣬ǽ֮Ҳûʲôɳ
ԼĥһСʱ۵ͷ󺹣һЧûС
Ȼ䣬뵽һ飬Ǵ򿪷ӡǵеԹ֮ͬʱͷų֪֮ܲܽٻ
Ҳ֪ʱǲǺȶˣ뵽ұ߶ǿ߶˷ʽ
ǿһͷųеĽ꿴ŸǰЩʱԲ̫һˣڽ֮ϵķĺ֮еĽ죬оЩסˣһ֮ʱ쳹ʡ
ڵǿϵͷųݵǽ֮У֮䣬éɽĶ츣֮Уʱ˼Ğųˡ
ǷХߣһźˮ
ԭɫգȻܲ¹âͬʱڵסˣһͻȻ
Ǵ죬ʩչʱ򣬾ȻףЩ˼ˡ
һȻһЩӦжʱϲæԴԴϵ͵ǽ֮С
Ȼ䣬һƵ֮λ
֮ˣ𣬷ɳʯͷϵ¡¡죬һͻȻҹգյһƬͨ
ҸоѾ̵ʩչ˳Ƿӡڽ֮еҲǺ֮ǳǲôһ˼


1970 
Ҵ߶зӡǿʱŪĶԽԽˣ𣬵ɳʯһ㡣
ȻҸоһĶƺͿҪʱߵǴɽ֮ͻȻһ޴ĺ
Ȼ䣬Ǻˮ֮ͻȻһ޴УȻһˮҸôԶɽĳˮһ¾ʹҵϡ
£ˮ̹ǣһҵϣȻĳһеĽֶ
һʼΪʹ÷ĶȻǡ
ΪǱĺˮϵʱҴ߶ֶȻֹһʱЪֹ˱ܣ֮ܿҲͣ
ɽ֮ȷǽԭƽ羵˷ˮ֮гһ޴УȻص¡
ֲһĻŵסˣȥʲôǣ
˵ôӺֳ˶
ѵһˮɣ
Ҿ岻ʱ򣬴Ǻ֮ͻȻһȻâһţĺ֮ȴţҪܶ࣬ǹȫǺۼףһֱ̼Ϲҵ۾
һ̫ˣҪϵĶʦֲ֪˶ٱһˮԾ㳯̤˶ٶȺܿ졣
ҵĸѽⲻһô
éɽ֮ϣһǶ츣֮УȻôֲ֡
һȻﳯ߱˹Ҿ͵һȫˣ亹ð˳
һֱ̣ӵͷܣһָоҾҪǱ׽ס϶·һ
Ҳ˲ãֱӶٰ˲ֶΣٵӱȥ
ȻһӣǸ־׷ĸ죬ۿźԽԽԶˣΪֱ˦ʱ򣬱ͷһۣѽûˣֻȥ˰ɣ
ǵٴתʱ򣬶ʱŵҲ˳ҵǰǸȻҵǰһͷƵģҵǰôء
һԴ¹ǡʨۡۡ㡢ţβ͡
վҵǰ棬һҴһǶıǿһˮŽһٴδһ䰡Ҫ䡣
үģѵٻЦˣҼǵģǰôһֻޣ˵еޡ
һﻹӲӵģ۾
衭ǹƺһȻ󻺲˹ÿǰƶһξ룬ξСһȦҿ˹æ˽꣬ҵǰǶҽСʰ㡣
һ˵ţһߺˣȴҵĻɳһ˹۾˸ɫĹâɫΪӣƺûио̫ǿĵ⡣
ۿԽԽѾŵĲҪҪˡ
ΪҲ֪һﵽҪʲôҪҪΪǿֺ´򲻹
һ̫ѹˣֲ
Ȼ䣬һ飬ҵǬ˱治Ҳһôǿǻޡ
˵޸ǰһﳤĻе˵ǽףöʦֳ׽˵ҡ
뵽һ½ʦִǬ˱˳ҵǰһ
ʦֹڵ֮󣬽Żһ˲󣬻ð𣬵ҵǰò䡣
ǶʦûпԼǰĶʲôǵ֮󣬶ʱŵġءһĻ˲ϨȻ͵һͷֱƵҵŵɪɪ
ȥʦǰͦ͵ôôһǰȻųӣǰʦִûӹôˣ
һץס˶ʦֵĶ䣬û˵ʦ֣Ͻȥģ˵үأ
ʦȻ־ǰ̽ǰǹĽ˼ƺڸͨǹͣ˽ŲŶʦԴۣһǶ˶ʦһȻ̧һȣһ±㽫ʦֲһԵĲݴ֮У߼˹
ȻûиʦֿҲû˺ʦ֣Ҳֻ׷ңҲû˺ҵ˼ҸоӦöûʲô⣬еĻ͸ҿˡ
ƾŸղں﷭Ūǰ̣϶һͨɫ
ҲˣŵվǹһһſһǾսȭͷ׼ʱ


1971 ʥϢŭ
ǹＴСΣҲţһСǸʦֱͲ࣬ϵƸʦȼֱһһ£ǰȻ̫ࡣ
ԽԽԴһһҵʱѾŵȫˣ˵ģһĪϺʹֲһվѾܲˣǸֶβһЩߣȫԱǰ޵ѹֱ˿ӡ
ֱĿһҲҶǹҲֱĿңһ˫۾ͻȻһǶٴαŽһˮҲ֪һϵˮǴðġ
ϵˮ̹ǣ϶ܽһź˪
ͣƬ֮ٴ˽Ųֱӽ˶ԴյҵߣȻ⶯űӣʼǴͷᵽţִӽᵽͷҲ֪һ﾿Ҫʲô
ҳŲԶĶʦֿһۣʦ־վԱߵһ࣬Щ裬ǲţϵĻ涼ûڳǰʮľη֮ĵġ
ڣֻᣬҲûʲô͸©ֵҿ϶Ҫƴģ򲻹ҲҪһܡ
ҲˣéɽôҲĹΪʲô
ӣǹͻȻһת﷢һֵ죬ԵЩ˷ȻֱӽԴյҵߣز䰡ģƵģһ֮ǹֱӾһҵǰ¶˰׻ĶƤԴϲ䡣
ôоһСʱĴƹƵģŵϸ
ҿʲôһֻôͻȻˣأϺڣ
ղſǲҸˣȴ
£Ҵŵӣ֣ǹ޵ĶƤḧ˼£ǹ޺õӣı۾ͣĴǶصĹ˵ֱá
ʲôҲʲôޣֱһơ
֮ǰϺͿֲһɨ⣬ϵİëҲȥˣұϷˣƺʮֵ׽Ѿûκεĵ⣬Ȼȴ֪Ϊʲô˵׽ȫܹоǰֲ̫ˣ̺ײеӦӡ
һȽ֣ʦԴӿ޵ʱһֱ΢΢ҲҴſ־źţ¼ǰΪʦֵĿ־壬ֱӽʦװǬ˱֮Уˡ
Ҵӻ֮нʦִԺǶʦֵһηĶ
ʬĸɵʱҲʦֻ³ӡ
ҸǹϷˣʱǹҲ֪ǸоʲôȻһվһƺȻѸٵıͬһһ㣬Ӳӣݡ
һ˻֮䣬Զɽʱˣ¡졣
Ҳ֪ôˣʶĶԶһЩ
ʱҲͻȻоһЩʲôвڿٵĳƶ
Ƭ֮Щ˾ź߳߱˹ȫǴŵ۵éɽʿ
Ϊ׵һ˺éɽһϣǹ޻мʮ׵ʱ򣬶ʱһɫޱ䣬ͳǹ޹ЩéɽҲȫߵͷֹ
ֹһиĵʿ߱˹Ĺȥʱ򣬷ȫéɽҪɫéɽƽҲˣżӳ߶
֮⣬ˡҢҲˡǿǰӲӣȫۼ׵Ĺʱ޲¶˾֮ɫ
һʱ䣬ҸоЩҾҿ϶˴ˣҪȻéɽҪɫҲһȫˡ
ղҲһʱͻȻ뵽ܵ죬ûгȴһֻޡ
뵽éɽɽ֮л
ܿ죬߲Զλãһ¾ۼ˺üٸéɽʿǰһô˾ͿʼıϵĴǶӲߵĶԭѾƽҹգʱٴܲǺ֮Ҳǲӿ
éɽƽ˿첽ǰҵߣҵǰһ֣ޱȹ˵ʥϢŭéɽƽμʥǵ֮ûɽ֮ˣҪߣʥ֮ʥϢŭ
ƽ˵ţǶ޻һء
Χٸéɽʿˣ׷׹ڵأϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ʥϢŭ


1972 һ
éɽ˶˹̬޵·϶򵥡
ô˶¹ҾȻҲһֹҪĤݵĳ嶯
֮ǰһ˶ʵǹ뵽ղôģһ͹Ƶģôͳéɽʥأ
ȫĹ˵ϣֻأԴ˼ǶЩϴԸӣǳҴ˹Ǿ޴Դϲ˼¡
éɽƽЩɻĿһۣȻߵ޵ߣһӡ޵ϣȻ۾
ʱҲ۾ζԴ
վһԣܹԵĸоΧǿĞų
Ӧͨķʽڸ޽йͨ˵ʲôҾͲö֪ˡ
޸˹ͨʱéɽЩȫڵϣϻ̳Ͽ֣Դ̧
ЩСһЩĵʿҿһۣΪһϵĿֲϢ̫Ũˡ
ԼĪӵĹ⾰˲ջ֣һ˵ӹʥ𡣡
˵һ֮ΧЩéɽĵҲһʥ𡣡
ʱ޲Щ̫ԸĻζһӣŪһɫۼ׻졣
һﻺߵҵߣ۾գ£һۣһһ飬󣬲Ťƨɣ˹ȥۿžҪҲʱһﾹȻŤһƨɣһ£ҵؿڣײڵء
ҪǿΧôéɽϣҷǵôƨһ²ɣ´֮ЩéɽĵҼۣϾ˼ҵʥ𣬷һ㣬ﻹҵ
ǽǰ˼֮ͻȻǰһԾ¾ȻһĶȻɽ֮жʱӿһž޴ˮӶǽͷ߿һۣ̤ˮֱɽ֮УǺʱǺ֮ٴתһ޴У֮ϲ죬þ֮Żָƽ
ֱǽǱ˺֮£ҿ˽ŵɫŻһЩ׷״ӵɽķ˹ȥ
һ֮˿ʼ۷׷ף˵ʲôĶС
С˵ҵ찡һֱ˵éɽɽ֮һʥ𣬴ûмһΪǴ˵أԭ
˭˵ء˵ˣƺʥΪ˵
ɽĸ
ʱƽͻȻɿһȻ󣬵ȴÿһ˵ĶȺʱѻȸ
һﶼȥɣǴҹúõĸžһ£ƶղŸʥͨˣûʲôҪ飬˼ֻں״ľˣҪ͸ƽ̵˵
һɫЩŽɣȻƽ˵ˣҲ˶ʣ׷׳ƽ˹֣뿪˴˴
ʱҿéɽڵҢ˻ͷһۣһĵ֮ɫҡҡͷȻת뿪
˶뿪֮ҶʱЩεĳһ֣Ǹ˵ƽˡǶԲסˣҾʥ𣬸Ǿéɽô˹ղźȾƺȵЩˣһ裬ûй˼̫࣬ҵһϢˡ
ƽ˿һۣЩȻʵҶɣղʲô
ûʲôСЩεһ¡
еʲôƽֵ
ҵֶΣ콣֪ƽ˵ûУҵ
ڼʽˣƽüͷһæʵ
һС졣ʵ
ֲéɽϿܲ¡¡һΪһصа˹éɽˣԭСӸĶƽЩԹ˵
ǶԲסˡҲûеЩéɽĶ츣֮ио쳣ĳӯżӽһЩͻƣ뾪ɽеʥʵٴγǸ˵
ģ֪߲֮ǰҲû㲻طʵƶҲЩ֣ƶéɽ֮ϴ˽֮ãûмʥ¶棬ҲǵһΡƽ˵
ҴһȥԭЩéɽ˻϶ûм޵ģҽ޸ٻ˳éɽ˶ۡ
Ҳܹסһ궼͸͸
ұʵƽˣʥ𵽵ʲô·éɽΪʲôҪΪʥ𣿡


1973 ɽ
һ˵¶ƽ˲ɵ̾Ϣһʥνʮִˣ˵ʥǧǰéɽһ֮һͷĴޣ¾˲޹֮ˣǴéɽλʦүһҵͷ޽룬սغϣŽ޽ӡéɽ֮Уλʦүĵ㻯޽ȥ˱Ű֮ģΪéɽػޣéɽɽ֮Уéɽ֮ʱ޽ؽéɽˮ֮С
ƶéɽ֮ϴ˽꣬éɽڿഫ˵ɽ֮д˽룬ȴһֱδüǰһƽȴڸƶĹ֮ͨһãԣҪƶ治éɽ֮ޡ
һв뵽ͷǲСԭéɽ潵ޣ˶ǧ˰ɣûеУҲ˾֡
ֲéɽϵеӣҪΪʥ𣬵ȷܹĳν
һ£ұʵˣƽ˼ȻղŸʥͨˣ϶ܹ˼ҸокøУȴҲ֪ΪΣƽָܹһ
ƽ˻ͷһۣ˵ղʥ˵һˣéɽ֮һéӯʦүķڣʦүƾⷨ㻯һԶⷨһرĸ飬Իرơ
ʱҲȻ򣬸ղƽ˵Ĳϵȷéɽʦүķһéɽ壬һǷʬߡ
ţұ㽫Ǭ˱˳ݸƽ˵ƽˣ˵Ŀ
ƽһ㶣ͷһŵķʬߺéɽ壬ʱǰһ˫ֽ˹ȥϸһ˵ͷ˵Ӧþʦ˵һٶǰéɽƣʱүǴéɽéɽˮ֮УǽҲɽ֮гֹһΣ֮ǽҲûгֹΪ֮İ֮Уéɽûٷκشıʡ
Ӧһʱ룬²ƽˣղ˵ǽ뿴һˣ˵ǸǲүүĻٸ߰˷ƣǰʶүˣҵһ۵ʱ򣬶Ὣҵү
пܰɣʥʮкøУǻéɽ֮϶콣ĽУͱʥһˡƽ˵
Ҹƽһ·˵ţصéɽС򣬴ʱŷƽԽҸ˻Щ˼˵ƽˣǱǸˣģλ˸ˣλϢ
˺ˡ⺢ҲǸéɽһϲģéɽɽ޶ٻ˳éɽӶ۽磬һҲһ£éɽӶ֪éɽһػ񣬻éɽӣҲ˵ˣСӸϽȥ㸸ĸɣòһأҲ˶೤ʱ䣬ƶҲҪȥˡéɽƽǸڼүүһͰ׵˵
Ҫéɽƽ˵мһ֪أһΪéɽƽ̹¼ҹһҲƽ˵
˵ţƽ˱Ҫȥٴι˵ƽˣҸĸéɽס˺ü꣬⼸ϣж
ƽ˰˰֣Щͷ˵⺢ӣôͻȻͱôҪ˵жҲҶéɽжҪүéɽ˵Ѿûéɽˣô˵Ҳéɽһķ֧éɽҵĸҪéɽ˾ˣԼûʲôƶˣϽЪŰɡ
˵ţƽ˱ƮȻȥһͲӰ죬զࡣ
µһŵƽ̣λ˼ҵΪҪɽƽ̺ͻɽƽ֮ϣҾÿܸһصϻеһƴ
Ŀƽȥ֮ұص˼УĸѾ˯£ҾҲȫˡ
ȥ֮ұ˼죬ȹһԼΪ
ϣҸоҶ콣ǷʽѾһСֵͻƣʱգһܹǽ֮е֮ٻ
һɣұһӴ̣ʱ򣬻Ҳҵĵ˰ɡ
Ͼʽ̫ԵһЩ
֮éɽ߰죬ѦСҲҪ׼ˣǱĸ˵һҪ뿪éɽظ߸ڴ忴ɨĹ
һΣĸֵЩᣬһֱ͵éɽɽŴ֮


1974 аȵһЦ
éɽ֮ұֱӻ˸߸ڴ壬ҲþûˣڵʱֻǻؼɨɨĹյֽǮǴδı̣̫үʲôġ
ɨĹ֮ұֻص˴ϼңöûˣԺȫǸɿݵĻƲݣһﶼ֩һƬưܵľ
ԺӲܾķˣϾլǰҼ汲סⷿҲլĻ֮ϲϷǵģҵĸ˲ܵʲôʱ
߶һȦĲãȫǶʱļ䣬˴Щ˷֮С
öǰҺӺСǾͶ䷿ӵĿѾԻҹ
ǣҲǰһˣоӦкü궼ûоһ˰ɡ
ߣӣ׼ʰʰլʱͻȻԺſڴ˼ɿȵ죬ȻнŲԺ˽һ£ȥű㿴һϤʱһϲһӡ
뵽ʲôʲôղŻһȾƵ飬Ӿ͸˹
ҺһЦԿ˼һӵ
ҵļЦСţЩӶûмˣ⼸ͦæģܣҲӰӡ
ǰ첻żңˣҸӿĺѵ
ԴЦ˵ӣڿϰ£㣬ˣǰʱС־ǿǵʱ˵ţȵĲˣϵ˿ŵĶƵģʵ
˵ʱϸ۲һ£ԵЩˣʮ겻ͣѾ˰ͷڼɻȷ࣬ũ壬紵ɹԵòһЩ
˵ЩҲֻݸһЦ֪ôشϾҲ֪ľʲô
ߣӣӱǴɶأ
û¶ҾͿżȽ࣬ʰʰûü֣͹ˡҵ
ǺðڣһʰʰˣúõĺȶپƣЩûһȾˡЦ˵
Ǻðֻһˣʰͣˣô֪һؼҵģҺ
˿㣬˵һҾͼææĹˣ߰ɣǱ߸ɱ˵úȾơҲߣӣһ߽
ҵĺܣҪʰŪͰˮţұһҲ֪ǲǳ;ԵʣԴӿʼæ֮ҵӾЩκ֮ǰ첻˯Ҳûָо
ҿӵʱ򣬷ҲЩǷ죬Ҫƣࡣ
æ˴ԼаСʱĹ⾰ǽ֩ȫɨϴϵصʱվڰϵͻȻתаȵһЦȻֱͦͦľ
ӻЩԶͻȻаȵһЦʱһʱҽһٰ˲ٵߣһһѽסˡ
ӡӡôˣһ˻ӵӣ˼УСһûУǻϢڣö˶˵һˣôͻȻͱӣ
֮ǰһ׶ûеġ
ȻҲ̫ҽǸѦСǰһҲԶһЩ
ţָӺһ£ʼЩ΢ͫҲ΢ЩȻ
һ£ҾͼˣæֻѦСߴһ绰ӵѦС˵һ£ѦС߳Ƭ̣ҵֵͻȻ𣿡
ǰղŻվڰϣö˶˵ģһ¾⵽ôˣҼ
ͻȻ֢״Ѫļ֮ģпûе濴Ҳţھ͹ȥһơѦСߵ
ӦһҪҵ绰ʱǱѦСֵǽȷŵ⣬ͨһЩĵطһЩ
á˵ţҾһѽӸ˳ȥ
Ҳаˣӻʮ꣬ǰҲû˵ǵطãͻȻԵȷЩ֡
ҽӱԺļٵ߶ѦСߵ뻹ҪһСʱǻٶȣʱ֮ڣСûˡ
ôûκΣŽ͵ҽԺȥأǴ⵽ҽԺҲһСʱ·̣ߣ͵ҽԺЩҽֶο϶ѦС߲̫ࡣ
룬һǾѦС߸Ϲ
˴ԼаСʱ֮ٴߣһ֮ǰһЩʼƽˣ˿ӻеľȡ


1975 ̫
ӰʱûΣգұ㳤һ
ֵ˲һСʱңѦС߱ͻдҴҸ˹ҲûüѣѦСôˣ
ʱȶסˣҲ֪ǵʲôҼ
ѦСߵ˵ͷ첽ǰߣ֮ǰһ㣬̽̽ȻֳſƤһۡ
ѦС߰ȫһܴв򣬶ҰֻܹоԼĪһӵĹ⾰ѦСջ֣һأҡҡͷ˵ְһûκ֢״ܽ
ƵܰҪǽĻôղŻϵڵʱ򣬻ɭɭЦһ£жˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣȫԱ֤ģһⶼûСѦСն˵
û⣬ôѹأҴȥһɻ
ѦСҲͬɻҡͷҲ֪ܵһѹ˰ɣû⡣
ЩĵĶӵУŤŤĶ䣬˺һӶûκηӦҲˣɾǲѣɾˡ
ʱչʵСţ֮ǰʲô飿
ûʲôǴɨӣ֩ȫɨûüϴӾԵˣղʱҿӶˣæ˳æ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵Сţҿ¶Щ֣ʲôĻСߵֶΣƲ绰Ҿ¶аԣ֪ģ֪ѧ˳ͼֶΣƳЩʲô
Ҳ¶Щ̫Ǳֻɴһ绰ȥʱչûãûʮأӦòԶš
绰˺ü֮󣬾ͱ˽ӽͨˣӵ绰ɵĶӣҸɶ˵壬أϽй¶
Сȴ˵ˣʱ˸ȥڸڴ壬ɶ¶û
ҲСƨ˵æȥС˵У»ҹȥʱøóԵġ
ӵƤĺܣҼ⺢ӣ˵Уй»ҹȥʱɶɶ
СӺٺһЦȻ͹ҵ˵绰
ڴӦò̫Զڵ˴ԼаСʱĹɾͻˣҷʲô飬ôżæŵĽ˹
æ˵һڵ֮󣬺һŵЩ˺٣ѦС߶Ʋ飬һֱԲѣǾ˵ֻһа¡
˵ɻ
ɣСȣһĸҲǴ죬ʵɵ
ǾôˣҺ
ղ˵ö˶˵ģͻȻԵˣ΢ȳ֢֮״ָҸоӦ⣬ϸƣ˵ܷЩʲô㻹ǵС־ǿſڣ˲ǸʤҲºпܾ
ôһ˵ҵһ£æôݣתһȦ˾ͳģˣ
ϽȥưɣҾúпܣӿǳײʲôҲ˵׼
ҲˮǸ²ʲô߳Ƶ
ϵķʬǰǶܹӦԲʮ֮ڵɷ֮аӲʬߵķۣŷʬתһȦûУûеĻ취
ӦһѦСտӣҺͻֱӽӣȻ˷ʬߣ߶һʼʬ߲ûʲôӦǵߵӸղŵĵطʱ򣬷ʬ߲΢΢˸һ£ָܿƽ
ٴȥ̽ʱ򣬷ַʬѾûˣҲо
æΧĶȫһԣ֮󣬷־һǽש˵ĵذ壬ȻʲôûС
ʲôûҵѵڵש϶ֽţשûбļ󡣡ҵ
ҲǱߣûֻܽשȫǿûжٴηԸ
ҽֻŵһԣͻǽ涼ǿˣһӶˣڳ˺ôһƬطʲôûС
ûаֵ
ǾͽڳߣпܶԷֶθʲôΡֵ


1976 ɥž
ķԸҺͻһæӲеķڳһһ׶Ŀӳʱ򻨺еĽħһӲ壬һۣ㽫Ƕ˳һľͷӣЩˣΪء
ⶫó֮ҺͻжԴ򿪣ʲôèǱ˵һ
ʲôĺӣ˵ķһͦϵĺӣ滹ЩֵĻƣЩǴ̵ĹӣЩ޼ǹŹ֡
Ǳ߳ĬƬ̣ɲŵû¶ֱӴ򿪾ͺãװʲô
Ҳûɾʹˣȴ֮Ⱦͷһɫķһķǻɫɫɫһûôɫķ;Щ֡
һɫķҲɴ۾ҡҡͷʾûмɫͿʼ
ԽûмĶԽܹ˵ⶫаԺܸߣӦһ仰³Ϊ
һźɫķǾͲٶˣȻָ˵һ˵ĺɫ
ǺɫҪҪȥ϶һƲǻƲһСˣһȦģ֮󣬻ŵһɸ֮ζڲҪźɫ֮£֮󿴿ǲ˵ӣʮֽ˵
ӦһǬ˱һСɵذףСǲƲ
Ҹոմһ϶ʱŵһɶ˱ǶȻһ˲䣬Ŀ˵ǸСһżʮֲִڣֹһ
Ҳûж࿴Ϊ洫ĸ֮ζ̫Ũˣ֮£иǵһסԼıӣҿүġʲôôء
ҺܿҲջ֣ذֱӶԺԺҲˡ
ҲȻʲôȻһ¾Ͳ³Ķǿ϶֪Ǹʲôõġ
һЩ߷ߵôģ˿ǹģµ鶼ĳ
ô˵Ҿ͸ӻˣϽ˵˵ʱ˱ӡ
ڰк㣬ԷһҲԳ֮Ϊһˮ֣һѾʧ˺ܾõĶŷˮ֣֮ǰҲֻ˵־֣Ǵûмʶû뵽ȴˡ˵
ˮֵжһԵĻдߴٵ
ˮֵֽɥž֡һķˮ֣ˮɱˣɫϢžС²УҲˮֵ֢֮ڣôģ⡮ɥ֡ӦǷˮֵʮ־ΪһˮˣȣǾ⴦ģĻҲרŲáɥž֡ãߣĺɫֽǽӤѪʮɣӵʮŨɷǷҲɥŷżеˣҪɥɥž֮УǹŨĸ֮ζǴʮʬͣԪشһ𣬲ܹγɥž֡
ͣһֵ֮ɥžֲѣֻ轫Ǻӷһεĵطͺã׼ʮ鷳ÿһңǴЩҲҪԲȳҹɥžַãżֻҪһ򿪣˽˭ɥžֵжԷ϶϶صϼ֮УֻҪţɥž־ЧˣһֱŪΪֹĿĻȫҡ㲢ǺĹһģǴӣӾϢ˾ɥžֵж
Ļ֮Щɻ󣬱Ϊʲôһ¶ûУȴˣ
ȷ֮һӦûУʵ
ϸһ£˵ʱ䳤˾ЩͷΣһ
ûˣΪֻһͨ˶ѣܲŨɷʱ䳤ɥΪ˸ЩͷģƳɥžֵĻԶҩһģܻ죬ΪٸߣҲܻʮ졣ɳ
ǲӷŰѻˣӾܹѹҵӵİΣȲʵ
ģⶫջǲȫ⣬ȽⶫԶĵطٸδɵ


1977 ɱ
Ļ֮ҺͻиϽǸ뿪ţѦСߴһкտӣǿ첽˴Ӷͷ쵽ͷĵطͣȻ绰˵ѾԶ˴ӣһô졣
ţ˵ɥžǿ϶Ҫɱ˵ģһʩչǲֵͣģǽǺӸˣЧɴڡ
ھֻҺԼнӣҲ˵ƣ˵ͻΪɥֶҪƵֵĻ˵޵ڶַ
ĻҶʱʧɫæ㲻˹ɣӿɶҵĽַھӣҲôȱµġ
ǲµģѾڴˣǴΧ϶кܶصأҵĹĵطĹϿ϶˵֣һأҵĹ˵ֺʱңа취
Ǹʲôʵ
Ҫѹ֮˵ʱ䣬Ӷǵ֣ʱûֽڻֽĺֱдǵ֣˴Щ˶ѾȥˣǾɥžֵתƵ˵ϣӶ˱ɥžֵӰ죬Ѿ˵ôˣǻף͵
ȥⶼԣҾ
ͶȡɵֶΣȻֲǻˣֻǰһֻҪˣҲõƽɥžֵİ취ǸϽɣʱϵԽǾԽǲߴٵ
ţҺͻбæȦĴ߶ũһﶼôԣȥ֮󣬴඼ҲЩԣ˼ң߼дТӵģỨǮȥ
ڷȦһȦҵ˵Ĺȥ֮ȥʱ仹£ҺϻռҸɡ
ԵƬ̣ҲӵĹ⾰ǵ֣ңȻҽǵд˻ֽϣĹĺ档
ţһҽǾɥžֵľӷ˵ϣȻĹǰܿ죬һʮ֮ĹǰľͻȻأԶ˼£һ΢죬Ȼ顱һľԼȼ㣬ȼ֮ľųǺɫĻ磬һɶζҺϻס˿ڱǣֱҺ
ڣľȼյʱ䲢ǺܳһӾͻ˻ҽ
һľȼյ˵ɻˣųһ˵ˣɥžѾˣǸϽȥӣӦ˹
Ӧһһ飬Ǹڹ˵ҼﲼôĴֶΣ᲻ǶԸС־ǿǸѫʦԶָͷǺĵġĬƬ̣Ÿ˵ҾӦòңʱͷŵĲ˿ӣﻹеȥ㣬ʱҿı飬Բ٣㡣ߣ˵Ϊһ㣬ֶΣˮ֮Щ˽⣬ûеõܹɥž˾ֶΡ
ֻ˭ҵĶ÷ˮ֮˺ֻôһɻ
ôֻһĳ̫ˣһص˶÷ˮ˱㲻ϣǼڼ֮Ǹ˲ڷˮϵһҲҲ
ЦأôţȵһҪԸңҲôĵֶΰɣ
һж˵˵ѫҲûпܣȥ˵ʲôأϽȥӰɡ
ǽˣҪǸ㲻˭ҼҶֽţ¶϶û꣬ҪնݳС
ܿ죬ҺͻбҴ˸߸ڴҵļʱ춼ˣҼͻȻôˣٴϴүϴﶼſڿ֣һȥæĸ˴к
ھӣһһʮ飬꺮ů˻ҵĵ˵ʲôʱЩûˣ˳ҲûЩھǡ
һһӦȻǸĸܿͻˣڳ⣬̫æѲ
˺һӣҲŽԺӣѾ˹ԺС죬һ˹еһʯͷ˵ء
ӣоЩ𣿡ȥʵ
ӻЩΣԺ˵ղҲ֪ԼզˣЩͷΣǰһھʲô֪ˡ


1978 ȥ¥
Ҳ뽫ӣŵЩ˵ҲǾͿο˵Сǲû˯ãҸղС߸һ壬ûʲô󰭣Щ̫ƣˡ
ô˵̾Ϣһ˭˵أϵҹ࣬˯˼СʱͳˣúõģɨӵʱͻȻ;ͷۻžεˣǿסˡ
ڻܳŵסôҪȻؼϢϢҹе
ˣһ죬оöˣǼɻɡվ
ﱻҺϻڵ߰㣬ӽȥ˿϶ɣǱ㶼ˣǾͲҪæˣߣͣڵĸ߸ڷȾƣʣµĵ˵
һ˵Сߺϻ͵ȰһȥȾơ
ǣұȥϣȺƻʰȻ󼸸˱ţһţ㱻ſڿֵһүӸסˣүӰʮˣСүүסңסҼҸڣЩ˵СŰʮ֮ǰҰҹéʱжͲȦҿһۣǿӰԺǽϷ˳ȥǿǼûˣˣһͷӣҲţѰǼҺü궼סˣҲûʲôֵǮĶ֮ûٶɣ
һ㶣кѦС߶һۣʱЩüĿ
΢΢һЦ˵үүˣһЩƼҾߣʵûʲôֵǮĶͱ˼£ûж١ҵ
ǾͺáǾͺáû¶ʱ򳣻ؼҿЩϹͷһһඣ˵ʲôʱһȣͿඡүԳ˵
أ˼ôãҾ͵ٻʮҲû¶ҿο
Сүү˼Ǽ˱㳯ŴڵС˹ȥ
СͿڼڵĴм䣬ڵʱ򣬴˲㻨ǮⷹﶩͣʵݣζڴҲǮˣʡ¶ʡ¶СҲǺ
ȥԷʱǼ˶Ĭıտڲ̸Ǿɥžֵ飬ֻǳԷȾƣӺȵκͻ˼֮˲۷Ҽҵլ֮УǸӸˣȻ򵥶ٵʰһҼסˡ
Ǹ͹ѫʦڲϳڵĻ¶ƺпܲģڣ֤ˣ飬ǾͼпΪ
һȷˣ۾гıԩıԩҪʶɣҴŰǼпܾ;ˣүģô
ǼʰһֱӾ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ǿų͵ϳǣ·ϣҾ͸ʹһ绰ȥһγԷǻ˵绰룬⻹ҵһθ绰绰֮ͨԵЩô绰ˣǺһȻֱ⣬Ǹѫʦڲϳǣһ¶ԵЩ㵣үһѫǸһô¶
飬Ѱģʣ˵׻ڲϳǡҿ˵
ӦһȻ˵ԵƬ̣ȥ飬˵ڵסʦķˮݸ
˴Լʮӣ;͸һһ绰˵绰ûͨҲȥˣʦǸˮڰ֮ǰѾˣȥ¥գҲӰ
˵ƺԤϵʲôСʵүǲǼһֶ㰵ֱˣĻҿ϶ĲǼһ
ҵüͷһ˵͵绰ûǧҪй¶ʣµԼͺá
ҵæӦ˵ģǿ϶͸©Ϣġ
ұûиٶ˵ž͹ҵ˵绰
ҿĻкѦС߶ˣϴȥҶȵʱҼ򵥸˵һС־ǿϵ飬һʦȻҰ¶֣˶Щˣб˵ҿżһָͷһûҲɱͽָֺȫն
ʱͻȻСүү˵Ļ˵ϣ˷ҵļһʦ֮⣬һ˭أ
ʮֺ档
Ӻܿ쿪ϳǣֱС־ǿǼߵķȥΪǵб滹һߵ꣬ѫСӿġ


1979 
ǲûȥС־ǿǣֱѫСӵߵ꣬Ԥеһգǵдŵ̳⣬ѫСӺҲ뿪˴˴µľҵѫ
ѫʧˣСҲӰежˡ
ҲܹõһȷеĴ𰸣ҼҲǾɥžֵ˱Ȼѫ㲻ҵģСӿ϶Ҳв롣
ߵͣƬ̣ͿС־ǿ˳˹һˣǼ˳
кѦСߣС־ǿʶģһǣǺǸˣ˵ôпյˣڵæʱ򣬾еԱ˵ĳ⳵̫ˣϳǾֻôһ
кֱ֮˵Сǿӣбߵʲôʱߵģ
˶һۣЩɻС˵ʮ֮ǰͰˣߵ¿֮߾ûʲôˣ˼ˣߵʱ򻹸ǴкǻЩͦ˼ģоǼƵġ
˵ȥʲôط𣿡ѦСʵ
ҡͷ˵û˵ʲôû˵ʹк˾ˡ
־ǿֺʵСţǲʲô飿ҪȻҲҹ
Ϊ˲ǵģûУҾ֮ûжǲҪǲǡ
С־ǿЦˣСЦ˵õģԴϴΰ֮Ǹ˺üˣû¶µҵŸתƣչǵ⣬õĺܣõġ
Ӧһ˵Ǿͺãæǻ飬ǡ
ǵȷʵæ糿˾Ͳ٣˵䣬æĻȥˡ
ҿųϻСƵһƧȻô顣
ȣǱҪҵѫʦֻҵǲܹȷ鵽ǲģͶ϶صĺϣҪҵѣߣǶѫһ˽⡣
ͻȻڵĽӣڶڽϵϢʮͨýӴѫ϶ܲһȻ
뵽ұӴһ绰ȥӻǸӣһһƨȻʲôЧ͵ģЦ˵ڵĶϰ壬ϰϰзԸ²Ҳ
Ц˵ǸǶҾͲȦˣҲˣϳǵеЩС켣˶꣬˵ĵϸܹ鵽ʲôطòˣҪܸҴ𸴡
˵¶Ӿɫ˵ֻһСɫҲ˾үķۣôˣ
ұ㽫Ҽﱻ˾ɥžֵӼôһ˵
û˵꣬ӱ˵үľУ˾󶴣Ҷܸ㾾ʮӣʮҸȥ
ȥӰ¶˵һͷûе飬ʮӾܸ㶨С
˵绰֮Ǽ˾ڳϵȣҲ߰˷ӵĹ⾰ʮӣǱ߱˵绰˵ү˵Ҹ鵽ˣѫǴ³Ǳ߹ģϳǴ˲жʮ꣬һֱһϷˮΪϳЩķˮ𣬽ύ˲ٴԹҲЩãҪǣֵЩ汾µģҲƳһЩãһЩ֮ҵϱԼʮ֮ǰͻȻر˷ˮݣ찲ʧˣ˵³ķȥˣǻйصλҵĳڸ·ʻļ¼Ӧþ³
ӵĻҲһһҲ̫ˣ߰˷ӵĹ⾰ܴйزŽѫʻ·߶ܲһǴйزţжĹϵ
ܿ죬Ҿʵȷѫȥ³ʲôط𣿡
Ҳ̫ȷΪЩطǲ鲻ģǴܹ²ȥѫ³һʦֽԪ³һƬеǶģڷˮϵҲǺܶ˶֪ģͬеܸߣأЩСǼȽ׼ǳ𣬶һӣֻҪˣ϶ᵹùû˸³ԪϻһŽ֣ϿܸͿָľ仰ˣͻ㱳º֣ж֪ʲôҲûܹץİѱǸѲļһ


1980 ԥ³
绰һֱߵļ˶ܹ
ӵĻһ˵꣬бȲʵֵΪô
ӳƬ̣ŵ֪Ϊһ㣬үߵκһֵܶѹֻǴ˹ڷˮ֮ϵνָһҲңԥɼҵֻ࣬ҵļҵûԥһǧ괫УҲǼѣԼĩʱҲڽϻãһֱڣҸڽ֮Сԥ³֮ƣˮȻҺռݰڽɽЩ֣үҪǶԸǵòõȫһ˴˵ĵ
磬˻ѦСҲһ䡣
ȻΪôˮĺܣеķˮʮֲֿж˷ʤڷޱȾͨĵطҲ֪³صˮ綼ңһЩĽߣҲɵ֣ܲǾͲǣҼҴҵ󣬵Ҳ٣˵ǸѫʦֶֻһͽܣڽҲôʵڲֵһᣬҪȥĻǴɣɻܹһϸߵͣҲ˵׼ֶʮˣϳɾòǻСһãһҪԸֵĻǧҪﶯ֣Щķˮãʵֲ̫ˣǻ壬мϿ͵ļһﲻۣҪȥּ͵ּеķ죬Ȼ󱻶˳֮˾ͷˣȫˣ˭֪ʲôжֲϤˣ˭ҲȥǼҡһ˵ôࡣҪǣֲǣҪСĽ
ʲôʱȽϺãнסʵ
ɲ˵ҿԸ˶ŵʹˣײţϣҲĶӻͽܳ־ܹ¶Щ鷳õĻ˵־ܳõĻпһ£ͷš˵
ҿô죿ͷ겻ţܲܶſڵŰɣ˵ˣǸ缸Ҳˣ׵ͷҲ쵱ģǸ缸ڰ·һͷˣԺڽô찡Щõ˵
һ˵λүֵ׸ʲôޣ㵽ݵĵزˣ˵缸Ҳһ׵ĺڵĿɶЩ飬ͽص鵱ҪǽͷŪЪˣ²ʰǾͲصǱ߸Ǻ״
˲˵ٻڵĽҲĽˣڶҲʮֵΣ±㽫Ҽլвþɥžֵ˵һ¡
ֱүģҲ̫һЩֶεȷʱүѲεڼ˵¶Ǿ͸ˣˮɱ֮Уʲôܵˮģ΢Ҷֽţ˭ôס˵ֵȷʰ
˭˵ǰôĶǲˣʵڶ϶϶Ҫʰ˵
¶Ӳһ֣ҪʰҲǲԣ˵¶ģʲô֤û֤ݣɱ֣¶϶鷳֤ݣ϶ҲǰЩĵֶΣڽҲǴɣΪݣѰȻصҲòֵ֡
⻹ʲô֤ݣͽܾѫѫڶϳǴˣһܵ³϶ˣѫҵһʱ֪м
үɲô˵òֱ֤ҪˣֵӣôܻԹԵĽ˽Ҿ¶ûǴӳ飬˶ԲߣٶҲ٣б޻ʼաӺѵ
лϸˣ¶ͲȥˣԼͺá˵ţҾ͹ҵ˵绰һѦСߺͻУ˵Ǿ¶ô죿
զ죿ֱӴŶȥʰ϶һ֪ÿʲô飬ƣ˵ĶƵģĴǲǷ׻С˵ءдֵ˵
ϻ˵ûԷȻԥڱ϶˲ֶΣǻҪذѦС˵


1981 һ
СߣСǲǿϾҪȢϱˣʼĴˣҪǺ£ҺСֱɱȥǣ㻹ǻؼұϱȥɣٺ١мЦ˵
ѦСҲǺģڱ䣬ʱɫͲ̫ÿˣ±ϻѾʲô˼˵ȢȢϱ飬СѣһȥҲ϶ȥҲΪ˴һ룬ҪôΪĻҸһ˾ˣ˾һѡ
ҲǸѦС߿ЦѦСЩˣٺЦ㿴һôֵܣЦˣ淢˲ɣ
Ұ˻һۣ˵ϻЦҿ飬˵ѦС߷Ҳ㼱
ϻٺһЦĴͷ˵˺ˣҲ磬⣬ˣҸȥˣ϶Ѫ
ҺѦС߶һۣҵͷȻӸ˵ϼһﲻöԸǻСһĺãˮҲʮֿµģĿУϹƶһаķˮ˷ʤʵڲУֻܽˣ˵ԥ³ҺҾǷֳһߵʱֱɱңЩ͵Ϯ飬ȷǵͷýϵЦǾԸӦûʲô⣬ǰʱ˳ͼ洫ûʲôõĵġ
Ҿãٹһʱ䣬ҾҪӴˣ֮ϲơѦСЦ˵
ðɺðɡͰ˵Ҳ
֮Ҿ͸ɲһ绰ȥڼһߵôˣҸ˵һѫʦӵԪļ飬ĬƬ̣ɫҾ˵ǸѫܲóǾɥž֣Ȼи˳֣ԪǸ϶Ļûʲôˡ
ҪҪһˣڵĽӣ˵ҵķˮڱԪܲöԸǼ˹ȥĻпܻĵҵǵ˵
Ԫ治һĽɫϾϳɾڷˮһӣƵаʮ˰ɣڷˮƻ֮ϣǻСһĺãôŰɣǵңȥ³ǣǻһȻȥԪһʵҲңûд˵еôҵķˮаʮҪȥĻǿ»ʰ޵ǵ˵
ѶֱӾͻϳص鸽ǴӣطҲþûסˣﲼ˻ҳҲЩӰѫʦ⴦ٶʲôֽţһݾó˷ʬڷĸһȦãûзʲôõĵطⷿ¥ҪʲôҲûеط
кѦС߰Ҽ֮ǳһٷȻҾϵһս壬˸棬һǸлҵչˣǶստСǣҪҵĶָˣһμս壬СӺ棬һʲְ֪ˣǰصĸֳǹְΪˣս廹лһ˵ΪҾæԵʣѫһصüֶ棬׽˲ҪΪصһӸλصǺټġ
һ鷳սЩףĻǸ⣬û뵽˲æ΢΢һЦ˵ô˵ΪҪ鷳ǣ˵ٹֱ꣬ӾͶҼүӵλãҼүһͣҲ帣ˡ
ս˵УһүүǸλõģҲҪʮϣҪ
ս壬ȥص鿴ŵļүһˣÿȥүӶյģź̹ӣϣͣŵ﷼飬ĺܡ
үһЩҶӣϲĶТһ
үӼҺܸˣʱۣЦŲסĵͷСӣϷûп㣬СԽԽгϢˣ̶̼Ĺ⾰ΪѾﵽֵزϷһӣûڵĳɾͣ˵жϵĵӾж󣬾ҪΪ˶һЩ顣
үӺ˵̣ҲӦš
үС죬̽һʱ飬үӸ˲ٵָһЩз飬֪ͺҹɲӦõվˣǱϴУֱӿվȥɡ


1982 е
ҹʱˣһ˻վͣ³ûãͿɴһõĵ۳Ⱥ֮УȺһ㣬ʵۣһһ߻һʲô
ӽɵԣಽϸ˵ҡͷԵӣʮһƭӵģ
ߵĽˣͻȻ˵СҸ㿴ࡣ
Сӿȥиʮңʮֱ־ɵľͽǰ۵С˹ȥץסˣɷнµĿһۣ£Ȼֵƶǣĸ׼һЩϲϰŮæĵͷ˵ʦ̫׼ˣ׼ҼʲôˣСʱܹʲô˶ĳʦٸɡ
ٺһЦȻֿʼӵĸ첲һֱ󵽼ϣҲеߵģûĵط˼£Ҳռ˱֮ɿ֣һĪ˵֮ڲҪ뿪Բ֮ڵķΧѪ֣֮ҲͲٶ˵ˣ˵˿¾Ҫй¶ƶۣͯ͸ʮǮɡ
СлʮǮɣѾվڲԶңС֮æ첽˹
ôСӵı˶ռ˵һˣҲ˼
ôҲƾ³ԷģҲΪãֽѣû͵ûûУһӡ
ˣƤӣҿ϶Ķ֣ҲøīֱҵĳֱϳҼҵķȥ
·ϣԭԭһһη飬ұ㽫ѫʦԪ֮ĶԹϸĸ˵һ顣
ҵ֮ʼɫ˵¶أأ˷ˮʦҪôˣҪôŪԪж֮ˣҪȻ϶취ʰ㣬³˷˶꣬û˸ǣֵʱˡ
ųһ·ҼңϣǴһҼסˡ
һҾ͸Ӵһ绰ȥסĵطʵԪļҺܺң̨һɽһׯ԰֮Уʲôصڣ˵ط֮󣬽ӻЩĵҵүҪҶˣ
ǻ˵¶һ϶ûꡣҵ
ǾүСһоߣúǰѵ
ϼһжһصҪ£ҵ
үȥ֪ˣһ˲ǡҲûиҶ˵ֻСһЩҵ˵绰˵ʲôҪæģʱ
˵绰֮ҾͿųֱ³ȥһ·ϵ˵˵ЦЦҲûоöôţֻںڵģ۾֪ĥʲô
ʱǾͰյԪסĵط
һƬܴլӣȫǷ¹ŽŶǹɫשŵм仹һңдŽɫ̽֡󸮡ȥޱȡ
ҵǺôųû׬Ǯ
⽭֮ϣ׬Ǯʵͦ׵ģǶ÷ˮ֮ˣʮֳ㣬ǴԹǸ̴֣ϲύˣԼҲ÷ˮס
һȣ̫ˣʲôӣϦÿһҪĽлƵģߣ׬˼Ǯ
˼ҵɣ˼ʲôӡ
һߵԪҵſڣоͽһ١
Ҳ˵˸˲һΪ˻ƣԼ£ԷԼӵƶùˣ±ӻ֪ΣӦүĹ˭
ҵſͣƬֱ̣ӾͳſȥţֻǻûߵſڣǾ޴ԺͻȻһƵ죬ֱӴˣһ̱ס˽Ų
ʱѾߵҵ󣬻ҵļָָſߵĸߴ̧ͷһһͷ˵ôյſڶԷ֪ˣΪأԭҸ߿ǡ
Ŵ֮󣬺ܿһʮĺӣźڲӣϴǧ׵ĲЬһɨǼһۣ֣еҵ
⻰һ˵Ҷʱһ㶣΢΢һЦ˵϶֪ΪʲôҪҵඣ
Ȼ֪ȻѰģҵǺܾˣֵǾͽҽ͸ϽЩм˵
ȥôţȻˡ
Ǹ缸ڽô˵ҲЩͷһصǼ˵ֶ£֡


1983 ĸֽ
ղųǸ˿϶ԪĶӣΪղ˵ȴǺܾˣ˵ԷͶ˷
֪ѾǸҼլľɥž֣֪ǿ϶Ѱ
ϵ˺ܶ඼֪ҵӣгرԲȡ
ΪһȣеĺͻĥˣʱĴ
ԷҼҾˣ
ڶԷ֪ҪҲܼ򵥣ѫʦ飬һȥʦСӵߵҹˣֻҪԷԼ⣬֪ǵͼ
ԷѰ׼ԲŻֺб޻
ԣԷֳǿӲһЩûеˡ
˵Էǣʰǵ׼
ԪĶһݻ֮תߣͽĳ󿪣ǽȥ
һ£Ȼɣø⡣
ɳƬ̣ɫȻȻһһﶼˣҪ洦߶Ǹ֮ڣһаҵķԸ¡
ͷȻ󻨺Щ޵˵ղųǼһ˭ǿ׳죬ţȺġ
Ӧý󶫣ԪĸӣֱΪӦԪĴӣ̳Ԫ󲿷ֵ²ˮеҲɫ˵߰ɡ
˵ţ㳯ǰ˽Ųһһ̸߽˳ǼɵķԸ󣬴粽룬˴ţ׶ûߵžͿһӭǽӭǽһ̫ͼӭǽ棬ڷĸ̵ֽˣĸֽ˶ӵΩΩФǻһײҲҵĴ̵·ǸԴһ˿Цݣһ˫˫۾ֱĿǣֲǣôĸֽ˸ǳرأмһԽԽԼ
һԺţԷһǼЩ֪룬Ҳ˲ɫ
ҿֽǸͷôôأͻȻ
ҪЩֽˣϽĿŲɴһŴһŻֽдʣȻЩֽ׷˹ȥŻֽûзɵЩֽ˵ǰȻһ죬ֱȼ
ڴʱͻȻǰҲЩͷǣһĸжʱϮΧ㿪ʼЩתѽȥզˣ
ʱұ֪Լ϶˵ұģ϶ΪǰЩֽˣҵʶʱģоʱҪԵڵϵӡ
£Ϊ˴̼ҵ񾭣ԼȥһģֱҧԼһ£һɾʹʱӹҾΪ֮һ𣬶ʱֶķθĸоȻһա
ôһ˲䣬ҸоԼĻϾҪˡ
߸ոպһЩˡͨһ죬æתͷȥһҪֽѦСѾһԵ˵ϣֱӲʡˡ
в֪ʲôʱֱӽķϽһ¿Լϣһֱӱ۾¶˼֮ɫ
æתȥһѽԵڵϵѦС߸ζ£ѦСߵּѦС߸ûκηӦȻֱһ̽ѦСߵĺʱŵĻˣΪѦСֱӾǶûκε
̶̵һ˲䣬ѦС߾ˣ
ô˵ѦСҲǸߣһž˵һˣôܲʵ
ѦСûˣұѦС߳ɴغ
ɸûκλӦ̤ӭǽǼֽ˹ȥÿһߵʮּѣֻǲߵĸֽ˵ߣȻ䣬ĸֽͻȻǻһ㣬أԻζͣȻͻȻһֽ˷һ죬ֱȼһ˲ճ˻ҽ
ǵڶֽȼǸֽɵģҲٵճһѻҽ
ȵֽȼǸʮѦСߵֽˣͻȻȣԺм˹ȥʮֵѸݣоǸһֽˣһһ㡣
ߣɶʱ󾪣ٵĴ˼öͭǮһ´ֽ˵ǰ棬ֽ˽Ųһ٣Ҫı䷽򣬳ķλӴܵʱ򣬾ڴʱͻȻһ֣һ߷ɳһ²ֽ˵ϣֽǰߣ޷ڶֺȻɼӴֽһ³Ǳ˹
ȥֽ˵ʱ򣬵ֽѾˣǵȼյֽҵģֽŵһɲǣҵһɾʹ


1984 ֽ
ʹֻһ˲䣬ҺܿסԼꡣ
ȥɵʱѾҪֽԼߣʱֽ˵ӵĵطͻȻ䡱һȼɶʱ󾪣һ⡱ȻٵĴһŻֽһ±ֽ˵ϣʱǸֽϵĻʱϨȥ
һ̣ɱ㽫ֽ˱ѦСߵߣҿɵɫܲʵѦСûˣ⵽ô¶
ֽˣзˮа취С߻ҽѦС߷ڵϱǣƽ
ɵķԸæѦСƽ˵ϡ
Ҳֽ˷˵ϣͷѦСߵߡ
ɵĶܿ죬˼öͭǮһ
ǺֱѦСߵָͷϣȻǺְ֮˼öͭǮŽǺֽ˵ָͷϡ
Щ֮óɰʣֽ˵ϻһɫķģеԪʼո飻壻λ̨ǰ̫ǹλ뷣
ոһͣѦСߺֽ֮ĺͻȻ΢΢ͭǮײһ塱죬ϳѦСߵָͷٵƶЩͭǮѦСߵָͷʱҿѦСߵָͷͻȻ΢΢һ¡
˻ˡˡ֪ʲôʱԴϿϽ𲧵ĻѾѦСߵߣϲĴ󺰵
ѦСߵָͷ΢΢֮󣬺ܿ죬ѦС߱ɿȻ͵һһͺˮ˺ܾõˣͻȻˮϳһһеĴڴϢ
Ϣ˺һѦС߲žδ˵ղŷʲô飬Ҿ;һΣֽ˵۾ֱĿңǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ֽ꣬аеһ֣ǻΪģԷֻ֪Ǽ˵ֺģ֪ǵ֣Բ֣Է֪ǵ֣Ǽһĸֽ˵ʱ򣬻ͻᱻߣתƵĸֽ˵ϣһǼ˾ֱûˣתضûУԷһҪذ˵
˵ʱɻ׳һŻֽߵǸֽ˸ȼˡ
ֲǽǣһҪС֣ҪǵļļаŵĺܣǷأһ治ͬ죬ԥ³֮ƣһ֪
Ÿս˴ţôһҪڣѦС߹ƻûˡ
֮ǰһܹĳһЩŵģʱѦСߵĻ䱻ֽ˸ߵʱֽ˾Ȼȱܣòױɸסˣǣֽ˺ܿȼһֽ˸ˣѦС߱ߵǣȻҲҪյĻɢҿɳֹϡ
ɱһַӣֽϵѦСߵĻǣָѦС߹ɵԼϡ
̫ˣսžͲˣҶ֪òõǸˡ
¶ʱѦСͻȻһ˵ѽҵĸ첲զôء
˵ţѦС߱ߣӣҴչȥһѦСߵı۰֮ȫǱ𿾹һĴݣȥЩĿģղյֽˣѦСߵȴݣһжôģ
ô档
ҺҸղŷӦ죬ֽϵ·ȫˣСҲͽˡ˵
ҪСߺϻ˳ȥɣ·Һ˶˲ʲô¶֣ص
ãֵһģʲôʱҲҪһߡе̬
ֵȷаţڣҲ£´СһЩˡѦСҲ
һӹƢȰҲȰΪȰҲûá
ҵȷЩ汾£ҽǼʶˣԻȥˣǼǰ߰ɡ˵
˵ţ̣Ǽǰߡ
ʵʵĸɵ󣬼ǰȥ
ӭǽתһԺԺһЩ滨ݣ˱ǣŴԺмĵ·ǰߣ˴Լʮ֮󣬽žͿԺӵ̨֮վһˡ
˿ȥʮңİװ׾һɫĳǰһ̨̨֮ϰڷεӣֱΪࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡ
˱˫֣ЦеĿǣһߵ˽ǰһ֣Ц˵ԥҵɣģˡ


1985 ¿
֮ǰ˵Ԫĸӣֱ𱻶ϡſڿλ󶫣ǰԪСĶһģ׿㣬ϵЦ紺棬˴ϸоһ˿һΣգԽԽǾò̫ԾǰЩЦص
׻˵ֲЦˣɺѵʱɽҲһ֣˵ԥɣһһᡭ
û취ܼҸУλһ£һģĳһֱϸֶΣֻǻдѧϰĳȡλġЦе˵
жʱЩ˵ʲô˼Ǿ粻Ķ֣
΢΢һЦ˰֣˵λҵ˼ˣطϾҵլԺҸںܾ֮ǰլԺ֮в˺ܶķ󣬶ҽųˣطϾҵȻʮǻһĵطĳȻҿڳԣĳЩĵģ۽ƴҵȫһ𣬻Ҳλκһ˵Ķ֣ˮλҪЩġ
һ˵оݣƾҶ˼ֺøг
ڻûж֮ǰ˵Եɣ˵ƣԶЩǸ˵ˣ֪Сﵽʲô
ʵҵϣһǺüۣΪˣ̫԰Ӷ͹˶ֵʵǰЦеģЩ͸УǸ򵥵ĽɫǸڵĽЩƣЦصӣʵɱ֮
Ļһ֣Ц˵ˣǿʼɡ
λҪСඡ˵ţִһɫӣͬʱһֻһŹֵķ
УӵʱͻȻͽеϽ𲧳ԴϺݺݵ˹ȥ
֪е˼ΪǿڶԷûü֮ǰȽԷſ˵
Ͻ𲧷ಡһ죬ֱȥһϣԴ϶ҪԽӶҪɳɡ
ȻȻеϽϣͻȻζһеĺɫӣĿǣԭվǲԶҲ߰׵ͻȻˣǷ̨֮ϵӣһʧˡ
еϽ𲧾˸ղվǺһԲֱӱϽҳһӡ
һ֣ϽַɻصС
أ˻ǸϽУĹ˿ȥһš
ղվĲˣֻŪһͶӰҲ˵һӦþڸΪ˼ɵӲɣǼǽ֣ɱ˱˶࣬˼һɵĽԼ¶ǵǰȥôĳܻһۣǵ˵
ô죿ѦС߳
¿£ҵˮҲǶô˽⣬Ŀǰ˵ֻǼвУλҷԸǡɫ
ԥҵɣ۷ֶΣһ¾ͱϸʶˣĳҪඣλҪСһ
ĴЦ֮˷ͻȻ˰ɫǷЩһʼǰɫģǿҪӵߵʱͻȻͱѪһ۵ĺɫϵķӣһߣһ龰Ǽ˶Щˣ֪Ǻãọܾ́Ŀš
ۿЩɫҪӵϵʱվߵѦСͻȻ⶯һ£ãж
˵ţѦС߱һѰɫķĩ˹ȥ˵Ҳ֣ЩɫһմȾѦСеҩ֮󣬺ָֻܿ˰ɫɳϰ
е̿һ֮ͻȻ̧ͷһŻֽ˵СţҵŻֽȥǴһۣ÷ʬⷨ󡣡
˵ţеĻֽűߵķһףдʣǻֽƿɨһ׿ĵ·ҿ첽ǰǻֽһ·ǵֽͻȻϨ𣬻ҽʱеķʬ߱㳯ǻֽҵĵطһ²˽ȥ
ʬһڵϣҶʱоΧųľҷȻ󡰺䡱һԶһɫͻȻȼ


1986 
ˣ
ɫڲԶȼ֮Ҿ֪Ѿ÷ʬƵŪķ󣬶ʱһϲȻϵЦʧܵĞųٴηȻ˷ʼлɫӿ
ŷݵĻɫͻȻˡಡƿ죬۾һƣǻ֮УȻһĽ˷ɢܲ͸硣
ЩЩǱǽģֻûͭǮǰܼôལͬʱɢҲܹǸɸӡ
ǽһ̣ŵĲᣬʱշ䣬ѾˣҵٶȲô졣
۽ǵȴоϽ뵳Ľɫâ֪ϾҪ˷ϳ
Ҳҵ飬æٰ˲ȥ˻еߣϽķ֣˲㽫Ǻü˸һ𣬽ű಻ġ顱죬ȫ˷֮ϡ
ղ˿ǶˣεӣɫͬÿһɫӶԵͬΧУڽɱ
ղ˵ҵլﲼ˺ܶʮ׶ķǵǼ鷳ȻҪóΪֶԸǡ
ɱۣǱҸɱˣҲ˵ʲô
б£;ü˹Ѱˡ
¿֮䣬ϵĴ˵ĿٴοɣǸƢǲһֱɣǽܴûûˣ
˵Ӧģͦ˼νķ޲ǽ֮ð֮ȻȻҲ⣬˵֮ԴԴϵȡ֧֮ŷ󣬳Ǵ˴ĵ֮ȫĸɾˣⷨŻֹͣУǲϴĽŻͣĿǰ˵Ҳ֪õʲôãղŰģӦزãطҲ˵ǼһһƽزãڼУܶʼһֱɳ
о˰죬оôһƵ
һʱ䣬һܹҵߵģ˵˵ţתͷң˵СţҸղŵİ취Ҵһ·ǷУ϶ܹҵۣˣȻѸٵ۷
붼û룬ֱշ䣬ȻϣҵȻλиҴһڣֱϵڻ֮£˳ȥӳһŻֽܿƯҵͷ֮ϣٵǰȥһεķϷλ·ɳȥûãȼ˻ҽҽһأұ㽫ʬóŵ֮ϲȥȥǷʬߵʱ򣬵ĩ˵С˸дϢʬɣԶٴδһ죬һɫĹâȼӵеһ졣
һȼܵĞųʱһɣϴ˷ɢĽʱȻֹҲ˿
һͬʱҲ׼һδ߶ٰ˲Ϊ֪ⷨ󲻻Ϊһ۶ֲ֪ͣһɫӸ÷ˡ
Ҿ᲻ʱͻȻ䣬Χɫڶұ֪ˡ
Ҫ߶ٰ˲뿪˴ȥƺϵ˻ϣɾʱҷҴ߶ٰ˲֮ӾȻ޷Ųֺ
ͷһ֮йŹֵѾҵĽ֮ϣҸβȣЩڲϵĳӹԽԽ
ɫܹ߶ľ֮
ȻҲǽס˵ɷ֮
ڶݵľ֮Һܿ˵⻹Ѳҡ
£ұ߶˲ľ֮ԦľͬʱУȥƲϵŸоϵи
ͬʱҳŻе˿ȥʱ򣬷ּǱϽֵķΧ֮ڣЩҲֱ𽫻е˸סˡ
ڣΧѦСߣѦС߽ǻľ˳â֮䣬ЩҲĴǵ
ڼ䣬һֱվһ΢˫Ŀ˫ֲͣʲôкü֮ɲͻȻ۾Щ˷ܵĴ˵֪ˡ֪ˣСţҹҸⷨ󡣡
ɵæٰ˲ߣ󣿡


1987 
ʱԵΪ˵Ȼʱ֪Ҳõʲô󣬲ѾһЩüĿӷֱһλҲνİţָŶݼ׸ݰԷλİ˸ͬĽǶȡ
νİűššššššźͿţвͬ塭
īˣ֪īˮ࣬Ͻ˵ôⷨҪȻǸ缸ȫҪЪˡҴĻߴ˵
ȻȥоҲǺżӣ˵СţҪקģΪЩ鲻˵֪ƽ⣬Ŷݼ֮еţõʮҵڲݳһЩüĿɫӷֱ߸λһλҲţصģֻҪҳⷨ᲻ƣΪصķλĹؼ֮ڡ
أȲʵ
˾λ֮ڣһ·ָȥ㽫׽˱ǡ˵ţٴδһŻֽķλ˦˹ȥǵֽâһƿָ˷λ
һֱ̣׷ɵĴŻֽķ׷˹ȥ
֮ϣɫٿصķڼţϲƶͼֹҵǰУҲڴ߶ľ֮ԦľɫӸķ󿹺⣬һʱ䣬ЩҲκβҡ
һҸɴǵɫķǰͻʮ׵ľ룬ɫ֮䣬ųٴβ˼ĲȻ䣬ʼɫɫϢһͬҷӿЩϢӿǞųľ͸Ӿ˿ҞųȫΧһжᾡ۵ף
༸Ϣļ룬ʼĽ˷ƿնȻ֮˼ӴĹޣž޴ĽǣзԲӦе֣֪ⷨǴʲôռ䣬Щ˳
ֳҲİֵܼĺƴɱʱһһ澵ӣһռ䣬ЩŹֵԴԴϵͷųԣҿЩʱ򣬲ûжôĻš
ЩĽϳҴʱһ±㽫еĽ׷ɶʩչǽߵʱǧӰҵܣܲ͸磬ЩϳҴĽȫ˳ȥǲ֪ðޣ򽫷ʬ߸˳һҧӭЩͳ˹ȥ
Щﲻܴðģ϶а֮ҪȻҲᱻӡĳһռ֮УޱȣʵһӴʬߣܿɢӰ
ڲǰͬʱһֱûиЩﵽʵ壬һֻ룬ҲǰʱЩϳҳĹȫ÷ʬ߸ȥ
ˣǰϮ˴Լ֮߰ǰͻȻȻʣȻұ㿴֮ǰǼǸ
֮ǰֻһͶӰʵˣǰҿУһˡ
˿̵ǰһ̨Ƿ̨֮Ͼǲӣվڷ̨֮ǰһֻŷһֻץϵһӲͣĻлдʣһͳĸ߰׵ľ룬һ̧ͷҶʱһ
㡭ôҹġܡʧɫ
ûʲôܵģ֣ҪȻҿ治ˣ˵
ȻЩưոݣһ֣һӣӵɫɫģһӣֱҴ˹
ɫӳҷɹʱͻȻһ±ޱȾ޴Ļϯһ㣬˹
һƬֱѹĸо־֮С
Ҳƴˡ
ֱһҧٻ˳ֱһ
죡
ҴһһһɫĻӽ֮¶Ǿ޴ϯȥ
һֱ֣ӳǾ޴ɫĻһڣɫľ֮䣬㽫Ǿ޴ӸȼˣѸٵĳӶȥ
ڴʱҿվǷ̨֮ǰһͬʱóӣһǺɫһǳɫۿűҪʩչﻹٸ
еĽһεĸ߸߾𣬳Ǳصһ
һɨǧһɫĽĳɱȥо⽣ĿֱֲӾӳһԿٵĶǷ̨ȴһ´ķѡ


1988 Ҹ
ҽŲٲͣЪֱȥܵĪΣæеӳҴ˹Ѿ߶ٰ˲һ䣬㵽ĽǰеֶеĽĲϡ
˵ǵʵվǸķӣ˶֣ǲ˺ܶһ֮£㽫סˡ
ⷨˣеĽһ˵ĺ죬һ㶣϶Цݣ˵үǽ϶ɱħҷˣͽˡ
˵ţҼϵĽŽ϶СӲҵģҲŻˡ
ߵһ࣬ɢĸɫӶ£²һȻ˼־дʣƬ̣Χɢһжƽɵ˾ǰʮ״ĵطվš
һжʧˣǲŻ˹һʱŭһȻаķסǣҪЩֶΣҪɱڴ˴
ʦˣλǽһһĺ֣ССķ϶ѲλҲֻǻдѧϰѣλƲҲʹɱֵġϲǣȻɫ󷨣ǾʸҼҸˣλǺֶΣĳĺܰϹϾ˵
СӹǵһױһףһʼʲôƷһܹǣڱǸסˣͲϵ˵ûҲ˼ֲǡ
£ҲᣬǳԺȥ
ǰ棬ҵĽһֱǺ֮״ֻ̬ҪСٸҸʲôèնֽţڡ
ʱһͷѯʵһɣ˼ǰǲҪ֮ǰһ㣬ֻһͶӰѡ
ҡҡͷʾǰһˣҷġ
˸һ·ǰһٶ׵ľ룬ֱһɫĴ֮С
Ǵ֮У˿ĸˣһվڴһ࣬ϹϾĵԴ
ǽȥ֮ĿȫǸվڴһ˵ϣ˾ѫʦԴһֱҳ߿
мλãһ̫ʦϣһˣʮģ޽Щ߰ףʮֵǣԴǽ֮۾ͲϵĳǼɨ
ˣ󶫣ҲһʼǼǸǿŵˡ
ǵǰһ޴ķ̨̨֮һ޴İͼͼ滹һЩͭǮ֮ĶҲ֪Ǹõġ
һ֮УҵĿĴɨһۣ⼸һϰߣÿߵһİĻҶʶȥĴƣŻ᲻ʲôΣգҸôʲôطܣָýʲôطͬʱſ˞ųȥΧϵϢ̽һǵΪΡ
һ㳯̫ʦϵǸ˹˵ףǼѾɫҽǸˡ
仰Ǽ˶ЩĿɿڴ̫ʦϵǸǶǼ˵ĸף
˵ѾʮΪʲôȥʮģ
פò档
һ˵ұߣһƨȻЦĿǣһ֮ɫûС
̫ʦϵǸˣȻԪˣ˵ͷͻȻվߵɣ˵ԥĴɣ
±ǡɲ˵
ҸҲΪˮĴԥ³֮ƣֻϧһֱҴʲôȻܹϷɫ˿ԥҲȫ˵Ԫһֺļ˵
ͷҲ·ͷʲôƲҵȽ·ͥŲǸҼƵģʵûʲôѶȣŻ˭أҸ㴵ҵֶΣЬ䣬ʲôֱӾ͸˻ȥ
ÿĺУﲻҰĵطŭһһĵֱӾվ
ȻߵļλֵҲͬʱȻŭϻɱ
Ԫȴ˻֣˵°ɣб汾£֪ˣƤûκôϷ֪Ϊ¶϶ΪǾɥžֵ飬ǾֵȷΪҲ¸ʵ˵ˣ飬˲ֹһΣǵһѰġ


1989 һָһ
ö֮ĳĵҸɳģĲҲһŸһûûϲҪˡ
Ԫ׿˵ҵĻʱðһʼһ浣ǲϣһûȫ֤ʰǣºˣ˼һͳˡ
һӸɵģôεļơ
Ҿ۸㣬զأ
ǺǺˣһûסģΪӣ𣿡
ԪĿҵϣ΢΢һЦݵ˵ϷͷʢĽ󱲣һص̸֮ɫɱħϷûûϹȻҲţǻһϣʲôΪʲôûнһ
ޣȥһڣƥǽСסǾѾˡԸЩֻˣƤķӣֵܼһСɮһ˱ɽǸһȫѪ
˵ţбߣӣǰǸɼܣһֽϻ
ǰԪ򵥣Ǵǽ֮飬ƳüĿ
ſڴֽˣһ򵥵СѦС߶ǼҲЩ˵ɫҲʮ֮ЩֻԪĶӶֽţԪδ֣˿ɼһߣͷǸɫ
һѾʮ꣬ŸǼһֶΣ¼㺱жš
ˮ֮ͷӦúˡ
˻֮ǰһ˵ǰķݶϣҳƺһǰǰûģҾǹҪһ˵˵ûҲˣһǶԲˣҵլԺҾ͸ˣǼҵҴзϼ¶Ǿ͹ȥˣҼլﲼõǾɥž֣ҪҾĽ࣬Ϊɣ
ǼٴλȻֱĿңɱԡ
ԪȴǺٺһЦ˵ƽǽϷͷʢſ˵ĻǰӲûûҵͷ⻰˵ȻܲͿǵıˡ
˵⻰ʱԪٴ΢Цſң˵˵ǲǰСѣ
ܲһԾ֪ˣұ֤㲻šҲ΢Ц˵
ʱԪɫһ࣬ͻȻֵСޣϷݺὭʮأҲڽ֮ϻ켣꣬ûмˢҲ񣬾ô˵ɣ򹷻ҪˣϷ֮ǼլвǾɥž֣ΪͽָһָһҵĹأҪȻԺ󽭺ϵİèΪҿ裬ҵڣ
ҺǺЦһֳվһԵѫʦָ˹ȥͲͽʲô˵ĹΪʲôҪԶָ
ѫָŵĻһ£С汻Ҹˣҿһۡ
ɴˣҿԳ϶ҼҲǾɥžֵ飬ѫ⣬ûǸӡ
Ԫȴͽʲô飬Ҳɲ̣ܽϷȻᴦˣ¶Ͳһˣڲͽ⣬Һҵ顣
¶˼ˣȷҪһ߶ȣ˼ǣͽɱԽĳԹȫеͱʵ
ȻԪͽܣҲӦ˭ӦԪ˵
ǺãȻ˵ݶˣְɡһ¾˽꣬âת֮䣬еڽ֮ϵƲž졣
Ԫĸӵ۾һѫʦŵֱӱɫ
ҵĶԹҷһߣǼȻԥҵɸˣǻǻʧһһŶݼֳ֮һߵ³˵Ҳ١Ԫ
˭ôīҪʰǣǻûȥȾءϽ𲧵
ԪɵôǲңҵֶҲ˵Ϊ飬˰ˡ
ɫһͻȻ˵ðȻǰ˵ҪȻȽϣǾͻཻѧϰһ£֪ǰҪ±Ȼʲô
ܼ򵥣ǰи̨ϷѾǰúˣ˫һˣŶݼף֮űһˣλñǡԪ˵


1990 ɱ
Ԫ˵ͷһһʸͷܲҵĶأ
һǽ㣬һݺὭʮϽԪɲ⣬Ԫһ붼ûУ⾭ȻҲǱȲõġ
ҸоԷһȦףء
ЩǣһԵѦСߺͻҲɣĵǡ
ջǳסĻʵأ
һ˵¶Ԫֿ죬ЦЦ˵ˣܼ򵥣ҲҪǵԶָȻǼҿͷӴ˼ҵˣҪ֣йݴȻԶԶĶ㿪ϷҲὫ鹫֮ڣ֪ǾΣ
ȥ¶Ĵˡ
ҪӮˣǴã˵շӣǽȫɱˣҲûκ
ҪˣֻԶָͷʣµļֱǶǼ˵衣
¶ҪǴȥˣǸ缸ôڽϻ죿
ȫһ֪ôˣҼȻ˵ǾʮİܹӮɡռ˴ˣʵѾվѾ²̨ˣⳡǱҲñȣҲñȡ
ؼˮе飬ǲһ·ǸҲﲻʲôæ
ԷһȫǸģǶʲôֽţпҲ
¸Ǻã
Ƭ̣ͻȻǰһ˵ǺãͰǰ˵ɣԥҵǱȡ
ãˬ죡Ԫ֣ԵΪ˷ܣܿ컰һת˵ȻˣоǿҪ˵ǰͷںڻüԹԵĹȥϷ͵ûעһʼûлͷġ
ǰ˵棬ǿʼɡǰ˼ֱߵǸ޴ķ̨֮ǰ
˶ɣĵǣȴǰ˰֣ʾǲõġ
֪ĵѵΪڻɽ֮۵õ˳ͼԵ
ͼǳһӵѪɶ̶µʱܹȫͨҾЩ̫ܣԪǸһеǾ黹ϣҪǿ̫ࡣ
һˣԶָûʲôλֵֽܵδ棿Ժǿ϶ڽ϶̧ͷô꣬ܽһսҪصǰˡ
վǻŰͼķ̨ǰԪ̫ʦϣһһָ˵Сλĺ˱Ȼһ¡
ţһʮĺЩԾԾԵ˵õģףʹ
˵ţǸ󱱵ļһվɵĶ棬ٺһЦ˵ϸ磬Զǿͣɡ
ɳһҲԷֱӴһöͭǮǰͼ϶˹ȥöͭǮ£һλ֮ϡ
ҲһöͭǮŰͼ϶˹ȥ
ڰͼͭǮǵű󣬸о岩һ㣬ɣʵΣķ
һʼǽеͭǮ֮ﶪڰͼϵʱ򣬿Ųûʲôһ׳ʮöͭǮ߹֮Ҿ͸оЩ̫Ծˡ
ȻַˮһĶҲ̫ǻЩ˽ģϴ󲿷ֵ߶Щԡ
տʼܿһЩüĿǺҾȫԻˣŰͼһ֮󣬾;Щܲסǰͼϵͼ΢΢תˣʱˣ;ǰȫתͼ졢ءˮסɽ硢һŰͼϲϳֳǧͣɱò֣ԻԵõʮԣȫ̺УǾͨ˵ˣ˵˽ˣǿŰͼҲҪͷۻ
֮ǰʮӣ˵Ķܿ죬ϵ׳ͭǮǵ˺˵ɫⶼЩҿ˶ʼ˷Ǹ󱱵ļһֹһٴζǰͼȥʱ򣬲ɵôһоǰͼǻһ㣬ÿһ󶼰˵Ĳڿٵת
ڳûһ˷Ŀⳡɱ
ֹ˼֮ٴο󱱵ʱ򣬷Сӱһͨ죬ҲЩ΢΢ҡΣоЩŲסˣȻȥǶͷҲ˺
ڴʱͻȻһվ̨֮ⷨǰ˹ӦҲԪĶӣӦýУվ˷̨һ࣬ʼ˷


1991 Ķһ
ԭѾҪֲס󱱣ϵļ֮󣬶ʱٴסţֵͬʱ˷µҲ̤ʮһ¡
һһĻǼʱܵˣôĲ˵һһˣƽԾ
󱱼ֲסˣֵּ˽ȥǴһ˶Ըһˡ
п϶һˣǰһָŶ̫ʦϵԪƥѾĲãһһƽԾôǱȴһͬˣǴԶ𣿡
ԪȴǵһЦ˵ղǿûϷ˵ǡǡһˣɶȴãһȻҵˣϷڣҲһվͼŶݼ֮ݣǱûʲô˿ɿһսǾ͹ֲˣϷղŶˣѵû𣿡
գգȻϷЩɱɱˣﶮķЩƵĶԱԷһưͿȴòȥ
жʱŶˣҪǰԪٴۣʱȴһŷһ߻ͷ߿ҡҡͷʾǲò֣ǰһӦ
ɵļᶨҵ΢һЩ
ϾңˮŶݼ֮ź裬⴫оǲġ
˵ԥ³ڱˮ൱ˮʦ޷Ტۡ
Ȼԥ³ԥɼǰ棬³صں棬Ȼϵ˶Ϊԥҵֶ֮ϵģ뵽ҵַ࣬ɿԵģǰû˳ͼֻҪרӦܲӮҲһδ֪
һƴȫӮⳡԡ
СҺѦС߶õŶݼ׺ˮҲ˽һﲻʲôæҪǶĻ϶ȥæȴֻĿţһ˶
ԷԴǽûдҰȵ뿪
ϵļ룬ٴƾ
׶ΣߵʼԵЩƣɵıʮأԷֵ˽üͷͷϵĺˮʼ
ң˫ĶԽԽʱһֺܹüӲŻὫеĶǰͼ֮ϡ
Ǽ˵۾ĶɣŲסȥҳǰͼϿһ֮󣬶ʱͼϵĶźǿӾֻһۣӳԺ֮УϢ̫ˣһʱЩܲסֻÿٵתߣȥǰͼϵĶ
ȻսϢģֻһͼѧݣҲźܴյģΪƴĲԼѧʶ⣬Ϊ֮ϵƴ˫־̤õ֤һӮʮֲңҲҪһ˲ɡ
ȻأǿȥȴһʮֳȵĸоԷȻһˣһʼĵݣһʱ֮󣬱㿪ʼЩŲҲЩģͷϵȺǲ
˿ʤ㻹Ǻܴġ
ۿŶԷ˿Ҫֲסʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬̫ʦϵԪͻȻ΢΢һЦһ֣ͻȻҲվŶԷӪ˹ȥ
󶫵ļ룬һʱĸӽ
пһ¹ˣʱƿڴ޲ߣȥԪһܵĽ࣬ҿЩصı飬ͷϺˮڶһס˻УʾҪκ죬ɵ˼
ֻܽȫϣɵϣû취Ƕеİﲻʲô
󶫼ܹ֮оƺЩŲסˣѾʼ΢΢ЩҡΣɫһƬࡣ
ܣԷ˵ıҲصЩ£ȻҲôɡ
һ˶ԸԷˣˣҲһú
Ȼʱ̫ʦϵԪͻȻһЦ˲Զ˵ҲȥǼλֳһѣԥһǲСˣҲǳصġ
õĸף͹ȥæͷЩҡҡλεɣߵһЦűǰ˶ԸɵĶ֮С
ѹյһݣҲȥ֮ͻȻɿһһϸϸѪߴǴ

ˣ˲ⶼʵڿȥˣҪ֡


1992 ҺΣ
ĸԸһˣԵԶ١
һ־Ƶѹեĸͬʱ֮£ɲѪߣҲЩҡҡ׹оʱпܵڵصĸо
ٲ֣пܱԪˣɢ
ǳǿʤʱΣǱסҪ
æȥߵɵߣȴҲҴ壬˵ְɣ䣡
תͷǵѪһֱʵؿڣ۾ʼˡ
ǣʼգɶûͣеĶҡҡͷֳ˾Ȼ֮ɫȻ䣬ͻȻ̧һֻ֣ջһ̫ͼһ״̫ͼ֮ҲŴССķģ˸һޱǿ˲֮С
ֲĞųо˲Ҫѿ֮ҶʱǹǿϢײˣоһصһݺݵؿ֮ϣʹҲƺ߳
ҵ˵һ˲䣬ҳ˫֮Ǹ̨֮ϵİͼһۣǰͼ֮Ϸӿɱĳһ㣬쳣Ĳҡ
ȥԪĸӣܵĪػһ㣬ֱӱһĪƷ˳ȥص˵ϣԪĽ£֮󣬲ĸ׷һѪ˹ȥ
ʲôֶΣôͣ
ѵǳͼϵı£
ɻ󲻽ʱһֱ̫ʦϵԪ͵һվһޱȵɫŭ㡭ʲôֶΣô
ʩչ֮ϱһɵĽɫâ֣ôһ˲䣬ƺɵϸܵϢǳɹǵĵطɢϢ
һнԷѪ֮󣬽űһĴЦʮֺ˵ԥ³󣬲ʲôʱҶ֮ϣһЩ΢ĩļ˵ֶΣ볬Խ֮ϣĴȥɡ
Ҫɱ㣡
Ԫ߳ŭһԾ£˷̨֮ϣ˫ǰͼ֮ϵĶٵתһɸΪӴϢֶֻüһӡ㱻һײϣţһڱõѪһſڸֱ˳
ʱûе£ӻΣվһͦΣЦһҺΣ
ãöȳ˵գԪһ֣ͻȻ˺ΰȫ˹ɺһӿʱսеȼչˣ˺˲ޱѡ
ԼУ˷ɷ糯Ǵ˹
ʱЩ֧Ųס΢΢һΣֱӳһ˹ȥ
ʱѦС߸æǰһѽɸסˣæ˼ŵҩ
һԪϺһǽ֮ʱûǻ뿪¶˱Ŀһּ䣬߶˲ķҪȫɱڴˡ
ٴγԪķȥʱﻹԪӰڵϵĸ˵ĶӣҲȫӰֻкɫܸ
ϻСߣԶ㣬ʰԪһͷһۻУŭ˵
Сһ˵һȻϽ𲧸˳ȫУ˺ϽΧ£ķ֮ϣȻ졣
˿ٵĺˣתۼʧ˺֮С
Ǽ֮Уֻζò÷󣬵ָɸǲˣԪҪŪǣȻʲô򵥵ķ󣬾ƾҶڷˮ˽⣬ҪƵǲܵģ붼ȥ롣
ԸֶַΣֻһǾǴ߶˺ϴ辭ɵһеⷨ״ݻ١
취Ҳ벻õİ취ˡ
糯ҹ˹ͻȻһ紵ҵϣʱҸ첲˺ѿһӣҲһʹ
Ҵһ˲߶˺ϴ辭ȼ̲صĿֲԹͬʱ˿
һɱϢӵߣٵ澭Ȼëȫſ˺ϴ辭ٵ˷޾ĺɫϢٵıҵ˵ɣЩҹӰʣҲ˺ϴ辭߽⣬ѿ
˺ϴ辭ӿɣΧĺٵı˴룬ⷨûȫ߶ʱɵʱ


1993 
ԩԹ֧֮£˺ϴ辭ٶȵת绯гʱ򣬲ûҵϣǱ˺ϴ辭߽֮⣬תҵڵ֮С
ЩɵȻҲȫĳɵתΪҵΪá
ܿ죬ⷨ󲿷ֵĹЧٵʧȥãЩûüѾҽɵˣۿܵĺԽԽԶһֵôܡƵϷķġˮġܣ
Ԫġ
ҵȷǲʲôˮȴƲⷨҪ˺ϴ辭̫Եˣܹתʣ÷Ҫۺ͵֮ȻЩͨͨɣЩǷĸһɵˣΪ̡
ߣҲ֪ʲôķҲǸոûȫӳӦеãұٵ˺ϴ辭һʱ䣬ҶⷨӵĴ죬Ҳܹһˣץסʱٶȳ֣ɹϣǺܴġ
ѾƵ׼ġ
ҵҳɹˡ
ܻƵĺɫٵıɵĸɸɾȻұ㿴ôһ֮УֳľԪǰ滹һ̨ԣȻҪһֻ̳ǻûôʼķˡ
ԪȻǻﲻǰ뻯ĵزƲϲķ󣬵ǶԸԪ϶ķЩϣġ
̧ͷǱ߿ȥʱ򣬷ڷ̨һ໹ĸӣѫʦҲվԪһࡣ
ߣ콫ǴȥԪҴ˿ֲ̿ģʱ޷ˣæ߶ѫקŴ˴ǷĺŴ˼˴ˣѫһͬԪĸӴ˴
һͷһۻǣǼ˾ſڴվţ߿˹ްֱһٰ˲㳯Ԫķ˹ȥ
Ԫһߴߴѫ˴ԼĶ뿪һ߻ŻŵĴóɫķ˹дȵ뷣ķľˮ׷磬â
УǼɫķʱâһһĶҺ˹
ǵâٶȺܿ죬գۼԶԶ˺ϴ辭ɵٶȣײҵϣһһ΢΢ɫĵתˬͱˡ
һ˺ϴ辭ͣڵĺɫɷȻһգҴһٴõתٴкɫɷڶˣܲŵɫҲȻһգʩչ˺ϴ辭ɵˡ
Ԫڴʧɫ֮࣬ٴ˼ɫķҪҴһȴˣһٰ˲͵ĽǰȻһץסӣһ˺ϴ辭תĸӿһЩ
ܿ죬ҾܹоԪϣͨ󴫴ﵽҵ֮Уָоͨ泩ǶˣͻȻһζһ㡣
ԪͲô̹ˣ£޷ҵ֣Щֵ˵Ҫʲôſң֪ҪɱңĺϷкܶͽܶص鵱ģɱң϶Բ˶ߡ
ƵЦһſڱƥ򣬱˵ͽص飬ص鶼ãɽƽ̵Ķ˵ɱɱôϼ
˵Ԫһİ֪ȥˣֻǿһϵļڲͣĶţһһϣʹİ
˵ʱҵĿͬʱɨſڴѫ
ѫһתͷĹҲɱĿ⣬ŵĻһֱӶȥ󶫣㳯汼˳ȥ
Сӱ°ӣϴֻǶָͷڱҪʦŪң
һڳһֻ֣󲿷˺ϴ辭תƵֻϣһץһĪʱѫϯ˹ȥոܳȥûѫӲǱҸ˹ıסһӣŵүүҪɱңⶼҵ⣬Ҫǿͷ˵ҳģһϵûС


1994 Ϊʲôɱ
ѫôƱ磬Ҳв룬֪ʦԪҲֵֵزͷСӻ뽫ȫζƵʦϣô˵飿
һ̵ķŭ޿״ҳ׽ҸŭˣӭӵĽޱߵŭ
һץ⽫ѫ˹ڵϵһ˹ץӵѫҲ֧ŲסĴ֮£֣ҿٵķ˹
һּ䣬ѫĲӱ㱻Ҹץһţѫĺ֮ϡ
ҿǼ˵ʱ򣬻ѾϽ𲧣ѦСտɣԼܳ˴֮⣬֪ȥɶˡ
˺ϴ辭ٵתţԪѫϵ
ѫΪһ㣬˺ϴ辭üֻƬ̵ĹѫѸٵĲȥͷĻףѫȴڼţİţҷһ
ѫȣԪΪʵ࣬ƥڱץסֲӵʱ򣬾Ȼܹ΢΢ֹ˺ϴ辭ϵΪȻֻһ˲ǿֲ㳤ֱ룬ֱڵΪԴԴϵתƵҵĵ֮С
ԪҲ֡ҲŭҲڲϵ˻һ̣ܵľС
Ҽ˺ϴ辭Ŀ¶㾪ֵԸӵı飬һһıƽĸо˺ϴ辭ὫڵٵĳɣȻ߽ǵһжܹΪʵǿԤԼ֮󣬱ɴҡ
ѫܿ͸ɱͷףʮ˿ȥӣаӡ󱳵ǸҲͬһ㣬һͷģ
ǣҲûɱΪҾеʱ򣬻űӵĿֲʹࡣ
ԣѫʣ¼ʱһѽѫƵһԣȻּоʼԸԪ
Ԫͦ˼ʮĸ䣬ģһС֪еʲôĹ˺ϴ辭֮£¹ʲôȫԸˡ
ԪӣŴɣҲʼĲϵˮֱɣƤһģϵ˻΢
ۿҲեʲôˮʱһ֣ڽԪҲɿˣһĺҶ˵ϣȻһֱӽ˺ϴ辭Ĺˡ
ʱԪѫԼ󶫣ȥһһ㣬˸
˺ϴ辭ֻ˵Ϊȫҵƿ֮УҵΪϵҲЩˡ
˹ع˱òԪڵϣ̧ƤǻǵĿĶסңݺݵ˵ɱҡΪʲôɱҡ
ɱǱ㣬ĺãղҲ˵ˣص˻鷳һЩģꡣҵ˵
ֻҪϷһڣһᱨġȿȡɱһüԪҵĿ˵
˵Ǳ߻ͻȻ˹˫֮Ϸֱˣһһ󱱣ڻеǰ滹һҵˣϱŵϡ
Ǹ˽Ϸ˵ϣеһۣ˵
æһСܲӰ
׻˵նݳҵûһöȫˡЦ˵
ԪһļϤȫ˹ʱ͵ˣЩҵ˵ҪԸ㣬ҵĶ޹أɱҡҪ˺ҵļˣұ֤ص˲鷳ġƥղŲͦţȵôôʼˣΪǸ缸ڽ⼸ǰ׻ģôҲ룬ţȣܸһصȣкһ
ԪͷȥЩûڵ˵Ϸ飬Щҵĺ޹ء㣬ǰɡ
Ԫ˵ģԼļ飬ȷǸ߹ԼԾҪΪ鸶ۣ˻Щģĳ棬Ƶ˵ƥղſ˵ˣֻҪ㻹һڣҪƲǣһ飬ص
𡭡𡭡ղϷ˵˻ֻҪүܹŹϷļӣϷ֤һλΪУҶӾһúԪ䷢ĵ


1995 ҩ
䷢˭ᣬʱ򻹲ŸƨãͽѫģһҪŪǣŭ˵
Ҫ󵷹ǡѫҪ˵ЩʲôԪͷһߵĻ˻ȥʵʵſڵϲ
ҿϻ飬Ԫĸȫ˴˴һҪŵļơ
ǼڽϵԪ϶ɵ֡
ԪٴοһۣɫүҷѪģֻҪҵĶӣұ֤ٸүΪУҲүԣ
еʱ򣬷ѪҲ׼ǻʵʵİɡѦСͻȻվ˳ߵԪߣһ̯֣һɫҩƿ浹һźɫҩ裬ݸԪĴ㲻ΪУҲ򵥣㽫ҩˡ
ԪһѦСеҩ裬Щǵʵ⡭ʲô
ҩѦСն˵
ãҳԣֻҪǲɱ⼸ӣҿȥԪſͣѦС߸ûκԥֱӽҩԪĿУһɤӣҩĶӡ
ȻѦСת뿪ֱַߵԪڵصǼߣǵͳſһһҩǵ
ԪŻˣΡΡĳѦС˹ȥһһ߾ֵ˵㡭㲻˵ɱҶôΪʲôҪǳ¶ҩ
ȻԪѦСߣһԵĻȴסȥ·һƣ㽫ԪŷڵأʱԪΪ𣬷һ㣬ﻹʲô֮һͨ˶硣
ղԪɲһأһ÷ȫɱڴˣʲôɫҲ֪ѦСΪʲôʲôҶվһߣֵ֧֣ܣѣ빲
ĿѦС߽ЩҩһſŵĶԪǼӵʹԪлں޶ߵᡣ
˵³˸ǣǼȻˣһҪԺҲǡ
ѦС߽Щҩȫ֮󣬱ٴߵԪߣʵ֪˭𣿡
ΪʲôҪôΪʲôеһжҲģҵĶ޹ءҪȫˣŹ㣡Ԫ˻ߵ˵
ǽϻģŻ˭أ㼴ˣҲа취ɢг
ĶӶԲҪȻصҵ⡣֪˭𣿡ѦСٴʵ
ԪѦСߣһ£һ㣬֪ѦСΪʲôͻȻһ⡣
Ԫ˵ϷȻ֪³Ѧҩ̵СѦСߣѦҴҽ
֪ͺãҲ˽ѦҵֶΣʵҸղŸӳԵĵȷǶҩⶾҩʱᷢⶾҩһÿҩﶼһСƳ棬һҵҪĻ죬ʲôеĹǧ֮⣬ɴ߶Ƴ棬ⶾҩһڣ˲ѪҪ㷢ʲôѪĹöˡѦСߵ˵
ԪѦСһ˵۾ɵþ͵Բˣ㡭Ѧô¹ƣ
ܶѦ˽Ļ̫࣬Ѧҵϱҽôܲùƶֻ֮ѦҴóðˣ㲻ҪѦҵֶΣѦҿβˣͬȴҲɱˣǴԡѦС߳˵
Ԫһæͷ˵λܹһСĳѾмˣﻹλĻϲ⣬˴Ժ϶ǳѵˣĳλǣղŶĳĲǣλҪϲǡ
ǵһΣҲһΣٸҶʲô˼ұ֤ţв
ҲҡԲˡֺԪǳױǸˣҲ϶ǲˣϾһСȫǵС
ʱҲɣ˹ȥɴʱѾһϣɫҰף٣ؿڴһ̯Ѫ۾һʮȻɫ
һͷһѦСߣʵСߣʲô
ãֻݽߣЩˣͦصģްصѦҺɣҪһʱ䡣ѦС̾Ϣ˵
Ǻˣҿû֮ǣҪȻȫ£һڶһͷԪŭ˵


1996 ɷ
Ԫ⻰ŵĻһ£ֱһƨ̱˵ϣƵ亹ð˳
һѽͳ˳ȥѦСߺͻн󣬵ߵſڵʱͻȻһ飬ʼٸѫǸνʦ˵ģһһΡ
ѫΡΡĹڵϣæ˵ллүллүСԺҲλǰ
˵УѾɳҵĴãԺȥãųҵԺӡ
ߵſڵʱ򣬻˵һȣתͷʱ򣬵ѾϽ𲧸˳Ԫҵ¥˹ȥ
úȻһ죬дš󸮡ǴֱӱеϽ𲧴ķѣɢһأ¥ݶиһ
Ǵ˶Էˣ˼ҵķĿǹģǽҵĶˡ
ԷҼҲ˾ɥž֣Ҫȫ⣬ֻǽԪΪɵĸɸɾҲֻһӣѫѾǺܿˣһҲΪ
һ˱ſڴͣŵĳҪϳʱͻȻ䣬Ԫļﱼһˣ˵Ĵ磬Щŵغλүȵȡ
Ƕһ㶣תˣҪɶЩΨΨŵŵ˵λү˼ȡһ
˵ţҵ˱ߵҳӵĺ棬ǺһܿóһԼĻȻǾһֱתҪ뿪
СӸʲô
ȵȡг˵
תͷЩ˵үʲôԸ
ղŴǳõʲôʵ
ûûʲôЩŵ˵
óмӴ
ûʲôλүͷ߰ɡһŵ˵
óҲУһֻ־ͷȥѦСҲЩˣֱӽĻľ˳ָ˵
ֱӡͨһ˵ϣ͸ſˣһ߿һ˵СҲˡ뼸λү
£óҪȻ涯˰дߴٵ
˲Ŷ߶µĴӻóһ˫־ٹͷǼ˴չȥһƣŵһֵķϵķŤŤҲûַǴûмġ
ŷǸʲôõģҳʵ
⡭ŷǼλүĳϵģûκιϵǼһŵĶ߶µ˵
Ǹɶõģϻмˡ
˵ŷɷڼλүĳϣ·ĻȻֻ³ڼλүոս˸ۡСı㱻ǲ˳͵͵ŷ˼λүĳ£ղšղǼСĻ˹Ҫҽ͵͵ȡߡû롭û뼸λүĽų̿죬һͿλүվˡ˵
Ԫǹģ֮ǰüŪǣǿ뿪󸮵ʱ·ϻҪǳûϵ̫ˣеҪѲ࣬Ԫʧһս֮ϵŷܹһ˳Ҳ˵ǵǼ˵һܹѰҿ϶ǳܲסŭġ
ԣԪٶˣʲôУ˽ŷǳȡɣǱ˵ĽųҪһЩǰ棬һ˵ǵĳӾͿˣŷɱǣҲǺһġ
ֲ˵ҵ˲ܵ㲻ע⣬㳵ɷ֪ôһ¶СͲˡ
һ˿ɶǹġ
˽еȥҲΪˣŷ˹ϸ˿ȥˡ
ɴ⣬ǧлһתȥ
ָ󸮵ķ䣬Ȼұ㽫ɷ˺ϣֱӳϳǵķ˹ȥ뿪󸮵ʱ춼Ѿˡ
һ羭飬Ҳһ亹ҲԪ͹Ǽ˵ʵǰԺﲼһķһʼͶôУҲ׵
һ˽ᣬҿ϶ˡ
һ߿ųһ߻ͷѦСߵС߸磬ǳԵǶҩǲİǧ֮ǹƶС
ѦС߱ŵЩЦ⣬˵ٵģһǧҲǧ֮ȡ


1997 ҵǣ
ѦС˵˲ⶼЩʵСߣ¶ɲܿЦһҵ˷ǳԵҩǼٵģƥԸ񣬿϶뷽跨Ըҵġ
ѦС߰˰֣˵ģҸǳԵҩ裬ÿ¶һʹһֱսᣬǲǧ֮ȡǵҸʱһҪǵҩ֮еȷҲйƳ棬޷ǾǸǳһѣҲͬǳһ衣ߣұСŸôңԪʧҲֻʣСǻʲôӸǼԣ
˵һЩİ˵һ᲻һЩҽ߹˰ǽҩϵĶˣ֪֮󣬻ʲôӣϸǸŮһ޵ǵʵ
ѦСȴ˰֣˵ϻģĸ˵ҽܹԽѦҵģ
ͷٺɵЦһǵûС
ⲻ͵ˡԪܹҵѦҵܿʲôߣѦҵ֮⣬ûܹµֽšѦС˵
ѦСʮ˻һֱɵǣˣʲôУĻҲ˲١
Ҫ˵ǽһţ߽Ԫɱˣ¶Ǿͻ
ϾԪһҲʲôаԱҲûĿŵʲô£һҸһصʲôϸĻҲǵ
ԪɱҲǲԣǽԹȵңǹѰģصҵңҲҽȴô
׻˵ĺãһߣպʲôҲ̫ˡ
һ˵ţұ㽫ӿԶֱʹ˸ٹ·
ϵʱͻȻתѣȥʮֵɫҰף˵Ҳ
ѹɣǳһ̾Ϣ˵ֲýϵ˵ԥ³󣬱ˮ޳ңҵķˮҲʵͦģһͶˡ
ëһˣйһЦһģĵٴȥѦСߺһ䡣
ϢһҲСҵı£׻˵޵һ޵ڶκһ磬ʮǿҵķˮȻ඼ʮаţһʮЩûа֣֮ؼʹˣ˼֮ˣһΣҵԺ϶ܶࡣ
վǸˣҲǲɱҵˣҶԸҵ˵ʱѾ˹ȥ֮󣬱֮顣
ұ㽫Ҷ˺ϴ辭ɵԪΪ˵һ顣
˵ͷ˵ĽѵҲǺֻһԪ˹Ϊ𣬹ƶ໹ܻˣǶ᳤ֲһЩֻ̬ӵģǻָˡ
Ҳҵ˻ãǵЩѵҾûһЩ
ȻųһУһ½ҵĸȫѪǲͼеֶΣÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵ȷͼеֶΣͼеķŰֻԼһʱҲ̫࣬ؼʱ̣óһҲǿԵģԼˡ
ٴüͷ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôǻߣջû˵ڣƺǡ
ҿƺлҪ˵һʲô˵ǣֲֵܼˡ
̾Ϣһʵһֱһ飬Ҳǲ²⣬׼ģҲ֪Ϊʲôܾһ³ռʲôǣǼڽҲ켣˲ˣɱɱ˲ٷ꣬ôȻĥÿһζܹ׻ûˣұȻ֪Ǽ˲ǣôˣҵı󣬻³ռҵ֧֣ϾǶ³ҵСҸǶгҪ˵ûʲôǣҾò̫ܡ
Ļпһ£ǰҪ˵ԹǸ³ռҵĳԹϾеХ֣һǺݺݽѵһ³ռǲϸˣʲôУȴǲǡ
Ͼ϶ձ廹ڳ֮ϵɲС
ôоҸռǣģʮֺʵ


1998 һ
һȥ֮ǰҸоԪ߶˷Ƿ֮תϢʮǿҸоЩϤһΣҺСű³ռҲǸڤɱеʱ򣬸оҲõķЩ֮Ǵʮ΢ԣҲŻָо޵ǵ˵
үģ³ռһûûˣСţɱȥȥʰ³ռһأʵˡŭ
ɡҲֻǲ²⣬׼Ҳһ³ռֽţû֤ݺͰѱóȻ³ռңᱻ³ռҸץѱһɱˣ³ռҵ϶ص鵱ҼܸߣСŵүүͬȵλҪǶùٷֶΣǼҪˣһΣСſǳһֹ
ܾܲǾһưͿɣЩߵ˵
Ԫ³ռҵûв룬õ֤֮ȥ³ռҵ鷳Ҳ١ѦС
ûõģԪǲ飬Ϊ³һƬķˮ𣬵ֻǿǼҵˮƾҵǵУ϶˲ٱﺦ˵ĹһصΪʲôһֱö˶˵ģӦ³ռձǱߵĹϵһԪռҸˣԺҽ³һƬԶ̧Ҳǰʡɵ
ʱҸɿһҾͲҪ黳ˣһҲûгʲô³ռҵ飬Ժеǻˣٹϼ죬С߸͸Ӵˣʱ䣬ǻǲҪ̫ǷǵĺãͽǷǡ
⻰һڣըëĻҲͷ˵С˵ûСϾҪˣ˼Ѫȣʱ䣬Ǵһʵʵģ֮ٳҲ١
һ·˵ţСʱ֮Ǿͻص˺ҶȣһҶȣ˱æŽ͵λүӴķ֮УƣʵѦСҲܹҽΣڵҽȫԶһ棬ֻλүҽΣõĻ࣬ϾС߿ˣһӣʵôŹۡ
һȥңҸоҵջĶģԪʮĸ䣬ˮеĸߣΪҲһӵΪ˺ϴ辭ΪȫɸɾˣȻֻ϶ĳɵΪҲжʮУⶼƾյģһӣֻ˼ӣ㽫ԷΪתΪԼģòүֶΣǸ
³֮⼸죬Ǽ˹ʮУѾʼ׼ѦСߺĻˡ
û죬չʦҲ˹һæ
ѾͷһҾ͸оΪͷۣû¶ʱ򣬾ϲҲţ˵˼С߸㶼ҪˣʲôʱɻƣŪҶ֪ôشһүǶ챻СѾͷϷ࣬ǣǻһ壬˵ҪȻСһɻˣҲʡ鷳
Ҳòʱǣҵһû˵ĵطʼ콣һз졣
ֹ˼죬ѦС߾ͽӵһĵ绰˵ϾҪҶˣμӵĻǱߵ֮⣬ĺһУýӦ׼
һСҲǺþöˣһμһΪұصɽ׷ɱʵûа취ˣܵ˱һѣǱɽõ˸׽˻ȥҲдûмˡ
СӳһæˣҪԼļҵ֮⣬ҲһˣˡɽĺһͶһ£ʱһڱĽνǾأһţҪŻεĽࡣ
һ뵽ܹһһﶼʮָˡ
֮ǾֱϳǵĻһ˹
һ棬ʮֵĸˣȸӵһȻһĸĸҲк
æĸǼ˹֣Ҳ˴к
ĵĸһ£Ҳõ˵ΣȻҲѡһһܹӦܼҵİȫǹѡ
һϳҲвҵһ·ɻ㿪˼˶ˣźҶȵķȥ·ϣһһһһ㿪ʼĴҵĳӣסҵСŸ磬а⳵ӼֵƣһģǮһ򵽡


1999 ׼ϲ
һүǳػǳأҵĲҵ˵⳵ĳӣҲǾţ֮һëЦ˵
ɲһЩǮһܹ򵽣ͱ⳵Ե棬ҲҲѪˡһɫ
⳵ڵ͸ҵģҲ֪ʲôӣ϶ǺóֻǸЩ˷ˣ⳵˵ˣһϴҸطͣʮ¡
һ⸻ҹӸȷʶһ۾ϳһó
һ˾ֱ˺ҶȣѾַǷĳѦСߵĸĸʢװ磬վڴӭӣ滹һȺ֣ţģеӭ
³صķףˣ˲֪ˣȻ˵жôöͼһ֣˸оʮֵϲ졣
ߵļҳ֮ǰҲй磬һʱ򣬸оʮֵ磬һҲԵ֡
ܼڱһĴ壬ǽ֮ϻⳡϣǶû˵
ѦС߼ҲҽңʱѦСҲܹһ棬λ֮еүӾû˵ڻĵĽ֮žصĵλҽ֮ϵһָ
ߣ֮һٶǰǧ˿Ƶϵܼҵүʦ֣үѦС߸үĸɵϹͷŽ֮ǵĺܹٽܹ֪飬ҲȻο
һԼˣҲһ˳
ҳǽһۣӶǾĴˡ
ǰǲʩ죬Եʮףˮܽһ㡣
СѾͷ΢һױݣԵþޱȣ绨ǽһɫĳȹڴ֮Уһ㵭ĹԣԵ˹ɫ޶ˣŮ·һ㡣
ѦСߵǺøһƯӡ
СѾͷͲپ£ϸȣ֬촩һɫĳȹʩ죬Ц绨һڳУʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ҳӿһۣҲĴסˣѾͷÿ
ʱҲĳƲһۣһۣʱһһ飬Ҫˡ
֪ʲôʱյҵߣüһ£˵Сš˵ӳĶغÿһŮƵģڶ뻹ˣҲҪһˡ
һԵİչû˵ϻһж˷ҲͰˣɩС߸ϱСʦҲСŸģһһɩӣɱʲôӡ
˵Сף㲻ˣ׻˵ĺãóԲӣ治ɩӡٺ١
ȻмЦ꣬ѦС߲֪ʲôʱǵߣ˵ϻѾĸղ˵ʲôأʲôӣɩӵģ
һͷһѦСߣæ˵ûʲôû˵˵ɩĽӺóԣǻζ
С߸磬ղϻɲô˵ģ˵桭
Ȱչѻ˵꣬߳ŭĻһס˰չͣϵһԡ
Ǽһϰˣ֣һ֣˺ôЦ
ߵļҳ棬һѣǱ㽫˸ӭӵѦҩ֮С
ǰ죬ѦСҪϲµ飬ļʮ˼Ҳȫڿˣᵽ˺ҶȸľƵȥסΪЩķ䣬ҪдԶĽʿ
ڴˣȻҲҪϲƵģȫ˺ҶľƵ֮Уôк˾ȫڿˣЩƽʱûѦҵӦƽʱССֵģѦҷĲȡǴ󲡣ѦҲᾡְȥȥƣ˴೤٣Ǿʮϵ˾ʮϵҲ϶ΪѦҵڴ˲Żˡ
ԣһ˵ѦҪռõطϲƣĶ˵ط˳
Ѧڽһ͵ôΪѣǺڰǽʿֻҪҵѦҽΣһͬʣԣѦҵԵһܺá
ѦСһϲ£ٵ͵϶Ҳ˹ܵѦҶݵĽʿûѦƹˣҲĽ죬ѦҴùϵ˭Ҳұ֤ԼһӲһʲô֢϶ҪģʱѦС˵һȹϲأϵ͸һ㣬Ļ᲻ȥҽΡ
ǽһҵ˸ӵѦҩ̣ʽʼٰһ磬϶вٽʿ½½ĸϹ


2000 ź
ϣһãǼøҲǺþöûоˣֱӳˣһ
ﶼѦСߴ飬ǿɲҺȵ࣬˴£ֻһǴûм棬˶ⶼ˼
ڳĶеģЩƣʶѵĻҲų롣
ٴۣ޸пڼ䣬һһʱ䷢飬һ˵Ǻû˵ɽͻɽһսĴһûиϣζ֣Ĵ̣Ͳһͽɽͻɽȫˡ
ǻɽһսǻɽĶ츣ֱӱϸһҪæ޲˵ɽĶ츣Ѿˡ
һζԸԪǸϻ쵰һҲЩĶǡ
ȾƵʱһҲεֱĴȣ˵Ĵ涼ûлһʵǿϧĺܣֻԼеĲҵ̫ӣһʱѲټϱɱȫ£ܼҵ£飬ҲæЩͷöû룬ֻܹڱ㣬۸ڸ̣Ҳһ׸
һӻûкҲλүǸ֮˹һۡ
λүӵĵϵƺ˲һ룬߶⣬ѦС˵ٻҪѦҴһ£ȫһζԸԪԪѾ˸
˶û룬ɵƻѦС˵ĻҪһЩ
ƹѭ˹ζ϶Щ˵ģòһ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˵˺ܶһص飬һص˺̣֮ܶΣһ㵽ԼͷϣǼҲЩ£ΪǰһسҪԸĿ϶ܼңΪҵϸɽոɱġ
ǵĵ֮һʾһ˻֮󣬾ͲʱٻȥˣģҲ׼ãȫ㶨˲ŹģȻ֮󣬱һСȥһǹѣһֿͬһص
һ˵¶˲پƵɲ޵ǵ˵ӦҲҪӷһ˵һصҲ顣
չ˰֣Ц˵Ҿòõģڴйʱصˣһ֮²֪ս尲Ź֣Ϊ˸С߸Ļ񱣼ݻֻһС֣صĴԱϵҶΧ㲻Ϊ˷һصҲҪμС߸Ľʿ飬Ͼ˲٣ʲôͷһС߸Ļ¶Ͳˡ
ѦСҲ΢Ц˵һص˻ҹɽͻɽĴɣҵĻǸĻʮãΪһΣμһкܶ཭ϵĶ֣һ磬ɽéɽɽɽЩֹǶžʮɵ˹ټֵܼ˶ڣһصǸҳ£Ͷʲô𣿡
Сߣ԰ƽʱѦҩɽƧģɽ©ˮģһл񣬼ҵ׾Ͷ˳һߺȾһ˵
û취Ѧҩ̿½½һٶ꣬ύ˺ܶ཭ϵѣǴ඼ǳүү͸׵ӹģҵûô棬õҲֵܼһڽϴټͷо׵ڻˣҶûмȥǶڣҾ;ʮˡѦСߺǺЦ
ѦСߵĻż֮̾⣬Щֵܴ꣬ٴѦС߳棬ǾѦСֶβУΪѦСǵľݣÿ缸ıˣǻһڣֻҪ͵Ѧҩ̣лĿܣѦС߶ˣҲû˵һʲôʱǶʶĽѦСε
һסѦСߵļϣҵС߸磬׾ͦ󰡣ҪȻֱӸˣоףԺͽоѦף
𡭡Ҿôһ˵ϾźӵˣԺҲֵܾܼͷò𡣡ѦСæ˵
ϻٺһЦץʲô״ѦС߼üŪ۵С߸磬ʵˣǺʲôʱ飬㶯Ҳ̫һЩˣø缸Щֲ
ûûûҾ˵˳ˣֻţûкӡѦСæִٵİֵ


2001 
ֵܼһһֱֵҹѦС߸ϽȥϢ˼ҾɹˣܸǼһ֣붴Ͳˡ
ѦСߺˣ˭֪أ
ѦС֮󣬻л߶¶˵ӲеӣĿʮһǰ޽ɣһʲô˵ҿһǺУһå
ǼڶﵹνΪ˸һȴ֪࣬ôϻ⻰
ѦСּ֮һȻ󲻶þͽӵһ绰绰ǿģ˵Ѿϳǵķɻһ϶׼ʱϵδչһͬ硣
СӻǱȽ˽Ǹ缸ģ֪϶û˯£Ŵĵ绰
Ҳãȱһǿδ޴øһ𵱰
ҺͰչȻͳ˰ɣԼҲҪɣǱȫƱ˵ûмһеɵģ̫˲ֱӡ
һһҲԻȥϢˣڶߣż첻˯£мСȣҹ˯Ҳƣ롣
ڶһ磬𴲣ϴ磬һ磬ѦСߺһ֮⣬ļǶȫվ˴ӭ͡
һӭľǿƯδ޷ĸ˹ǿСǶûеˣ£һվڴӭͣƯСϱ˽ӻ˴һ˰Ҳûа취ѦҵŮȷʵֻ࣬ʱץ׳
ǿ˵ֻǹͷվģһɽҲϹףأʡĵŹ֪ľҵŻ˹
û룬ѦСߵһ񣬾Ȼộд飬ĸŸֶǰףأϣһѦС˵һҲһ룬Ҳ궼ûмˣǼҵ޶Ҳʮˡ
һۣʱ죬ʮɵ꣬Ѿ쵽֮ˡ
Ӵ糿࿪ʼѦס۵СӾͿʼĿﲻһ˾ڵƺͽӣһöûмڵĴ󹩷졣
˵ڴѩʱһ棬֮ҲûмʱΪܸߣҲǱȽ϶ĸ֣ƺͽӵҲˣֻǴ˿ȥĪ⣬ôһгȫ컬ļһӦţһ͸ĺѣףأ˵ѦһǴ棬Ȼý϶ľ׹ӭǶӣ϶кܶ཭ϵĴù֪ﻹûڵһϯ֮أʵûУվڴںȱϲҲɣ
Ͻ˵ɶأڿǹͣͽܼҶˣпϸԼݵǸѦӣ϶Ҫϱ롭кţڵһȫ˴ȥڹ˲£˲ƷѦСߵĻʮӵġ
뵱һȥڴһصʱڿŵ˶ôǣλֵڽϻ켣ˮ𣬸ڵĹϵദʮǢڰҲһСĲҵѾǴϹͷŽĹϵѦСߵĻڿ϶ɵġ
һһ˿ʼﲻĸ˹վڴڵæĲɿһ޲ȫֳɺüá
³ص¡ϼۡµĸ־˺üЩ³صɣѦһֱܣ϶Ҫġ
ŵ֮ΪܼһéɽɽҲ˼λϹطҶϤɽĻݺͻˣⶼɽƽ̵Ļ˵ʦֵܣҲǸѦӣéɽǱҲλϣֱִ³ƺִˣЩéɽʱмרŴö˵ĳϣ˿ЦеģʵΪʮ񣬸éɽƽʦֵܵĹϵ
ʮʱһˣɽĸ֣һоˣһʱҵĶû뵽ɽǸӣһϾȫˡ
Ͼӣһ΢ЩİڵҸճûжõʱϾйһ֮Ե
ʱ򣬻үүϾӸģרΪ˶ԸǺĸɵԮ
Ͼ˾ŵףŽǺĸˣȴһصȥˣϾӺʧһˡ


2002 ܾ
ѾȥܾˣһϾӵʱǸ׺ɱĸĻĿֻû룬Ͼӿҵʱ򣬾Ȼһ۾ϳҲ֪һλ˵ˣμ棬ֵܼһǼЩϻ̳Ͽ֣ɻнǴ˴д
ϾϴζԸĸɵʱǺĸɱˣϾӵ̫󣬼ˣҲɽĸ֮ѡһֳ²Ͼӵ֮Уʼձ־Ÿˣ಻١
һʼǻЩһص˹ңϾһȫˣǾ͵ڳһ裬⼸λһϹ϶ҲסҪ
Ǿӭӵѳ־ԪҢ޶ˣǻԼСӣѾʮģСһʮֿɰͺ岮¶ĺܡ
ѦСߵѣѦСеǰѻľģһȥʱɱʬ֣Ҳʬŵʦ֣겻ǹͬ⽻û˵ǿȥ˴档
Ҳ֪ѦҵжѣԵû˵ĽʿһһӦӲϾЩʶЩǲʶʶǡ
Щ˵ʱ򣬻ڱ˵ѦҵųǹģǶӭǿڽϻţĽ󱲣ܹ붯ǳ棬һǹֵģѦҵж
˵Ͳ֪ˣҽѦҸʬѦС߸ǱǺֵܣѦСߴ飬ǿ϶Ҫæֵģ㻻һԣһɵƽ֮Ӵ飬Ǿ׶һӹȥ˵ˡ
˵ǰ˼ȫƾŽ飬һ˿û˵
һֱæ˿ʱ˲һЩǼվڴæĲֺƤӶĥˣϵļЦĶЩӲоһֹжûôۡ
ۿŶû˵ʱͻȻǰһˣҲ٣ԼжʮˣһͷͷŴüĿһۣһǹֵϲ˵ʲô۵ˣѦҾ˴ǰϲ
ȥͲСˣҪʮϣ壬˵˴ǰ˲ٺ񣬱Ϊ˱ѦҶľ֮
̫ˣҲûзϣкǸϽЪϢʱʱѦС߱Ҫн䣬ۿʱͲˡ
һΣĵĶȷܶ࣬ʮˣʮڴӣҲ֪װʲô˶ˣһͷһμ˴ôġ
ĴҲûмôණġ
ڲ඼˷һЩЩʿȱǮһѦСߴͻΪһ˻ôӹ
Щ˼άЩŰ壬ǰϴͳɣԶĴôӹҲʵףǲ˽͵˴ӵС
۵һͽ˴֮󣬽ӭ˼ˣֻЩˣǴ඼ʶˣĺһҲһһ뵽˴棬ȻҲ˰ʱЪźȲĵط
ۿŶû˵ʱս岻֪ð˳ߴ߰˸صˣ˹
ˣǼ۵춼ľˣ˵ʵкˣսչǴһк磬ҲǹϲƵô
սЦЦ˵ϲҹƽǺȲˣСֵܴ飬ӻĸϺ˺ܶߣصرӣѾصܾ֣ص˴פΧֹЩѺȶ˾Ƹ飬ҲòԳտһҪǺϲƵĻҲֻܵ˶ɢĲˣٹȥСֱֵϲƺȡ
ϲƿԣɱ𡣡Ц˵
ɵǿ£ֺã϶Ҳᾡһౡ֮ȻûЩ콭Ĵֱʡս
˼֮սͻȻң˵Сţܲܽһ˵
һ£սֱ˵ɣûʲôˣҲʶ
սһ£ֻõͷ˵Сţصܲܰһ˽ȥӦһ³ӣر飬һʲôӣҲý


2003 
飬Щᣬ˵飬صȷóάһ򣬿һ㣬߸ٷ֮ĹϵʮֽƣȻڽ˶Թٷ˿ı࣬ص˽ȥô཭˵϶ǲڵġ
ǣμӻˣˣ˵һЩа˹һص˹ȻǵսľŪĹμӻˣ϶ô̹
¶֪ôս˵ֱӱ㿪żɽ˵磬ǵĹϵû˵СߵĻ϶Ҳû⣬Ҫôص˽ȥЩûҪǴˣҾûǲҪȥˡ
ҳһ磬ҲΪѣҪȻǸһԴ˽ȥǲҪٴص·ˣô཭ѵķУϾǽۻᣬһȺصĹȥˣܶﶼ᲻̹ҲЩŲ
˵ս˵ͷ˵ǺðɣҰżʮֽȥȫͨװ켣Ⱥ֮Уû¶ãһ˵ңڳֹ
ҾˣѦҵĵ̣Ǽֵܶڣĸıӵ˸СߵĻ¶ұ֤趼ϲе
˵СĵΪһ򣬾һǣսЦ
Ҿϵ˵ĲǻСһĺãصνһЩʲô⣬ҲóǹһЩ֮ǰһ˵
Ǽ˶ɣû뵽ɻ˵Ļصǹ֧Ƿ˽ɵģμӻ˷֣ƻᱻȺŹ
սһ㶣ɶʲô˼
ȻصΪСֵܵĻ񱣼ݻǾһЩص˲ܴǹҲһЩؾװһٽܸӰȡ΢Цſս塣
սתֿңȻսûʲôģҪҪ˵ҶʮΣ˵ʲôҶţΪ֪Բǡ
£ս磬Ͱհɶ˵ȥɡ
սӦһǼ˸ǣҴ뿪˴˴ǰŽ͵顣
ΪʲôҪôҲûжʣ϶Լɡ
ߵҲӵĲˣһֱæʱкüٿ˹μѦСߵĻ񣬿ɰǼӭ˸۵ģ˵Ͳ֪˵˶٣ˮûüȡ
ûǽѦļæ˹Ӧֱӷص˴ΪѦСߵĻϾҪʼˣҺͰչҪȥɣ󲻵á
ߵһڴͷһƽ֮ϣʱѾʮӣеΧȫˣνϯ
ʵѦҲûдĵȥѦСҪ飬ֻͨѶ˷ֻҪ˵ˣЩѦҾιˣܹܿõϢ߸˹
ͷֱӰڿˮϯַǷｻΧһַǷľ
ڴӵͷһʱϷ̨һĵطڷ˼ŵӣǵӵĺ滹һ̨ڷ˼Ѽ⡣
ʱһͭ죬˸ʱѵ俪ʼ
ͭգűںֿʼǱߣϲ˵ļʮ˿ʼæӸÿ϶˾ƲˣһһߺȾƣһ߹ۿѦСߵĻ
˵ɽҰ壬ȲóЩ߼Ƶ꣬ⷹҲδǾƵĸɾóԣܹμѦСߵĻˣҲڽ֮ͷ
ȻªһЩ˶ͦģֵģһܰ͵ľ
ƲǴ¶ıߺһ˫ĸ
һ䣬һĸĸѦСߵĸĸͬʱ̨˹ȥ
һĸĸһƺƵ˵ˮϯһһĸҲߣῴڳĲߣһһһߣﻹʲô񣬼ֱһִĽࡣ
ѦСߵүѦɽ쿴ʮָˣȺ֮лͣĳܵ˹⣬ȺвվѦɴк˵Źϲ֮Ļ
˫ĸ֮ǹ¶ٴγɤӺϳ
һ䣬˵ĿȫŴڵķȥҺͰչæ˹ȥҵѦСߣһһѦСǰȥ


2004 Ѫܵͷ
ѦСߴʽװǰŴ컨ǰȥҺͰչһһߣĸӭ˵Ŀ⣬Ⱥмһ·߹
һ·֮ϣܹ˵˿佱ѦСһ˲ţҲСңָָ㣬С˵ѽǸһصŷɥɱħͦƵģһ׼֮ͽôͳɱħأ
ûм˶֣ղɽ˵ֻҪһǽһѪȣ˴ж˿鶼ǺõģЩֱӱˣǽһң
֮ܿͱһڸˣΪǺѦС֮߳󣬺ŵǴŴͷյĲ֮£Ĵͷ˹
źͷʲôģǿδճҲǼģѾͷŹ֣һ˫۾Ϊʩ죬޲ɷ˲˺ö˵Ŀ⡣
ִҹһ̧֮䶼ʮֵĶׯô˵Ŀע֮£ûһ˿ӣֻǸһ𣬲ŴŴױźͷǰ
Ӿ͸˵ˣĻʶ˼̻һ㣬Ө͸ֲ׽ӽĸо
ֻϧʱŴͷʱģ޷һ÷ݡ
ˣյòҲڳ˲ͣһӶ˳
ǽʿСڣҲĺܣЩͽ˵ӱ㳯մ˿ڣǿûûѣ绰֮ġ
Դˣն˶Է磬ûţСƢɲǳصģֱб۾˹ȥСɱʱò˶˺ܶࡣ
Щ˳ڣ˵ҪְžҪֶţѾͷŶԷԼΪߣǴ򲻹ģֱӽҸ˳˵ŮˣʱŵЩҲƵĻصԼλãըë
ܶ཭˶֪ΪһŮˣһصһʡݵķֶ棬ɱ˲֪ˣҵŮ˶ֶţǿ϶ҪԼԴġ
˵Ѿͷô˵˵ҵŮˣµЩϲÿ˵Ҳǣ˵ҲǣҲֻܵûѦС߾ֱ̨ǰ
ʱҲǵߣѦС߻ϵһߵߵʱ򣬻üһ£գ۾ЦʮּթҲǼģҿЩ㱡
СѾͷƬӣ龫ֵģһ취ûС
ﶼѾűǰóס
ǹ¶ĴɤӺһأ
Ȼ˱˵ϣǰ
ʱͻȻһˣҼһ£һͷһɣôˡ
ЩȻ˵СţҾЩ
ôˣüͷʵ
һûйղȥѦҵ˷һˣǱѦҵ˸ңһûɽɵˣ߾ϯǱˣȴٳٲǵϵʱɽɵѾѦҴкˣ˵һףأǵڶûӰɳ
Ǵ绰ôʵ
绰ˣû˽ӣҾЩ֣᲻ǳʲô飿ɲ޵ǵ˵
˵ҲǣɽźҶȲԶӦñɵȵǣǶûЩ˾֡
ݸã
ҸʱǴٴߺһѦСߺ˫ĸĸٴ˹
޶԰ݣٴ
취ɽɵϵһ£ǵûйǲΪʲô鵢ˣЩĸɵ
ѾѦҵ˵ˣǱ취ɽɵϵɵ
붴ɣǴ¶ߺһɤӵ
λ˴ӵϱ˲ۿžҪ뿪ʱͻȻ䣬ǿһ˳߿񱼶һһߴˡˡˣ
ǿ״ľ֮ɫ󻹸ʮˣֱ̧żڴӣ˹
˵ĿȫǿˣǼҲ׷״ȥ׷ʲô顣
ǿһͷϵ亹ǼڷڵϵĴӿһۣ֪ĸȱ¹͵ĺ⼸ﶼװѪܵͷոõӣѦҵһⳡȫŲˣһæ˽Ӹϣơ
˵ţǿԹȥһһЩӸˡ


2005 ɽɵĵ
ǿʮˣ̧ӣͷ̨ǰЩ̧ӵ˸հһڵϣҲƵ뿪˴˴վԶԶģЩ˵ӻڲϵɪɪȻǱŵĲᡣ
ǿ˵Щͷܶ˵Ŀⶼ˹
ֳʱѻȸһļž
ǿ첽ߵЩǰ棬ϵĽһһˣǼ˴չȥһǿ˵װŵѪܵͷ
ЩװЩװѪọ̈̄˿϶˻Ĺ⾰
һ㳡жʱŭѦСߴ֮գȻ˼ͷҪ鰡ĴϲӣͷǸһġ
úõһ񣬾ȻŪӣ˭϶ܲˡ
һЩͷڳ޲һ֮
վ̨ϵҲסԼĺͷǼڴӿһۣһۿȥʱŵɫҰףѪɫӻΣȥ
ӴСಡûκеģѦҲżһ֮գ˼ͷ϶Żˡ
ҺѦСӦûеڵϡ
飬ҿ˶ʼ߾ۼʱЩʧ
ʱͻȻǰ˵һﲻҪţԻصԼλȥͻȻѦԻᴦ
˵ʱҺϻչ˱Ҳǰȥᶨվ˼Բ˭ҪûңǼֵܿ϶ǲӦ
ʱһֱȺеսѾһʮ˵Ķ͵͵Ǳ˹׼ӦͻȻ
ΪֹжЩңҲûиͷ˭Ĺ
ѦСߺ飬ͺ̫ˣ̧ӹľкܶ࣬һʱŪˣѦֲһʱҲ㲻Щġ
ȼ֮ص˹ٷ˳棬һá
վڻ̨ϵѦҺܼҵҲܰȵˣҿѦСߵĸѦͻȻ̨һԾ£Ǽڴ˹ȥͷֻһۣϱ¶˱֮ɫŲ˵⡭ЩɽɵģʶˣһɽˣһɽˣôߵΪôᱻ˸ɱأ
Ѧү˵ŵͷٴοȥʱſķЩѪܵͷԴȫŵ٣ǵҵˣղһЩѪܵͷȫҲûüϸȥ
Щ߰˿ڣÿͷ
ҸղѦү˵λɽɵˣȻܹƺ˵ģǿɶǽϵĺ֣׾ٵĸɱˣԴװ˵һ飬ǾɱǵˣΪܸߣԷû̫ķ֮
֮ǰɻ˵ɽɵһֱûеһɹȥɽɵˣûй
ȫˣɽɵˣֻڰ֮ϱ˽ɱԴط
˭ɵģѦСߺһҲ˹һЩ￴һۣɱʵ
飬˭ҲûԤϵ˶ϣ鷢ʼδķˡ
ѦүƬ̣ˮߵą̊́ϣ̨µһ֣˵λϵѹμȮӵĻѦĳмѦҽһΪƣһ£ɱһˣһټʮǰҶ֮У㲻֪ҽ˶ٲҶѦҩ̣ǺڰֻҪҽΣѦҶܾģһֱҽġѵǽ죬֪λϵѣѦҿһЦȮӴ֮գȻնɱɽʮλ̵Ľǵͷ­ն£Ž⼸ڴ档ɽɵһֱ͵£ɽĶ츣֮У֪λ˲ûʲôңȴԵ޹ʲϷ֪λΪҲվ˵һԵɣѦ֮ϷԲϣô཭ѵǰһΣ
ҾѦү⻰˵Ҳǰ˵ۼѦѦС߻ϵﶼǴϺĸ֣Ĳ˵ɽϾվ㲻˸ըëһվϣ̱Ϊʸ֮ģҲ˵ɽɵԩѦСߵĻ֮ϣֳѪȵĳ棬ֵܼ϶Ҳǡ


2006 ˳۾ɱ
Ѧү˵ⷬʱһ⳯ɽǼϵȥ⼸ϵһҲûʲôʾ۹۱ǣǹģĵȴ̬ķչ
ϣϲӣ˼ͷ񣬹ƶû˵顣
λֵǰľٶһָΪе̬ơ
ܹμѦС߻ˣо󲿷ֶѦҵѣһʲô飬϶ҪѦҵģ飬ԷǻЩͷˡ
ĹҳǼͷĴӿһۣоЩ죬ǼǼվڴڵӭ̧ӣһ̧ôһģһӵ˲࣬ܿҾͼһˣǸԳ۵һĵ˶ʮˣ̧źܶӣӺġ
һ뵽ұ㳯Ⱥ֮ɨ˹ȥܿͷǲˣǾڿмһ۵ڣˣǸͷЦеĳ߿˹
ͷʮƣͺģҵĸо񲢲ܹˡ
ܹͨųӦ˵ΪʱҲûиоΪߵӣҪɱɽɵλˣЩ̫ܡ
ڴʱѦСҲվ˳˵֪λǰѦĳĻ飬ûеվ
ѦС߻һ䣬ȻһЦ֮б˳
˵ЦǺܴ󣬵ڳȫķȻʲôֶΡ
˵Ŀȫ˳Ц˹ȥǷЦǸԳ۵
ͻȻ΢Ц˵ǰݺϷģѦһϲ𣿡
˾ȻĿ֮£׿ڳ飬Ҳ˵ɽɽʮˣȫǴɱĿľڣǲǸѦʲôԩأ
һ׿ڳϣţߵ˷׷׿첽ķ첽ȥʶ䣬ֱӷ˷ȫΧֹߡ
μӻЩʿҲķһ֮Ҳû˹˵ϳԷȾˣֱȫվ˸Χһ㣬ѷɡ
üһѦСߴ֮ɱôˣͷֶ˲̣ѾкܶԾԾԣеķȫ˳кܿͳŨŨĻҩζоһս⡣
ʱѦүӼȺ֮Уµĳۣʱһɻʵɽɵ˵˶ɱģ
ϷΪúºúϷԻϵġЦе˵
ɽɵ˸г𣿡Ѧʵ
ԩ޳𡣡ЦŴ
ΪʲôҪɱǣѦүѾ˼ŭɫ
Ϸɱ˭ɱ˭ȫƾϲã˭˳۾ɱ£⻹ҪʲôɣҪɵĻǾϷɬʵòʲôĺֻܷ׼ͷˣЦֵ
ҵ죬ͷô˲ɣôЩ̫أ
˴඼ɵĸ֣ͷȴһҪ˶ŭӣûнڳ˶
ͷ˷ܿһϵ˳ͦһѳԾ˳У֮䣬죬ȻΪǺܲģһýָŭ˵ͽȻɱˣƶλйĽ飬ȻɱǣǾͺ˵ˣƶҪΪλѱѩޣ
˵գλһΣһ㳯ؿڴ˹ȥλҲ֪˭Ӧ̩ɽɵһλ賤֮ʱֶ֮ονǿˣһǴϣͷʱҪķѣһ⣬ȻۿǰѳҪݵؿϵʱȻܣڽҪؿϵһɲǼ䣬΢΢ζһӣ޷ֱļٶȲȥһȻһƣλؿ˹ȥ
ֲһǵϵʱ򣬾Ȼһһը죬λ߶ûкһֱԭըѿһ⣬ɢȥ
һˣһ֮£Ȼص⣬ѪŽĵǣ䵽˲˵ϣǼҲմȾ˲Ѫȡ
ҼĺƽͷһοôݵˣôʲôƷһ¾ܹ˸ˣֱֲ˵ΪҪʲôز


2007 ֮
ԳĵһʼʱЦʮֺͰģҸоΪҲûжôһ֣ʱչֳޱȿֲֶγȫ˵˵ɱˣû뵽һͬɹ̫үүһˣɱ˿ֲǿ
ǼһɱˣɴֱӣҲûչֳôֲĞų˻Ѿﵽһַ豹ľ硣
νķ豹棬Ϊһּߵľ磬Խͨ˵һָоһʼеʱ򣬞ųԽԽǿ󣬵еһֺܸߺܸߵľ֮󣬾ͻͨһĸоȺУֱ治һ֡
ǿĴڣҾͽһܹﵽҼҵĸү
ƽʱ˶ֵʱ򣬾ĸоҼҸүĺɶһۣͷ붼ǰ׵ģ˼ҲϢչ¶ҲǸһһүӸ˶ǱǷӿɫ䡣
ǰߣһִڡ
ǣ֮ǰҲû˵仹һλˣѵλ˼ǸҸүһʮĸ˲ɣ
һ֣ʱŵΧߵЩɵĸַ׷׺ˣٴ겻ѡ
ֶ̫ǿˣһб㽫˸ѪɣڳĶ֣
ҲԾĺϢĽ˳С
СɡһչǿѦСߺңǱ˴˿һۣ޲ٴһ㡣
ʱɽϾҲһǰ
ѦүӵһЩʵ㵽ʲôˣѦҿɸʲô𣿡
ѦүӾվߣתͷһۣС˵Ѧ壬֮ǰʱҽǢģ˵۵˵֮ǰо֮лģΪѣԱˡ
ۡϷʶˣҲû˵⻪ĵĵһ۵ڰѦɻ˵
˵Ѧû˵˵۵ˣҲû˵ΪʲôСطɣһ۵ĵۣʱҲ˼ʣҪ˵û˵˼ϲÿ
˿²ʲôҲſںģûˣûʲôۡ
˶һãȻ֮ɫʱɽĻͻȻǰһ˵˵˵ɣʲôˣӵ治С˶ĽܵǰɱˣһɱɽʮȫӢôҪûиߵЩˣͱվ뿪˴
ɽĻɽƽ̻˵ʦܣɽžصĵλڽ֮Ҳ쵱ģΪܸߣ㻰һʱ˼Ĺ׷ʴˣ˭
һЦеӣվλǰ治ɫĲǣЩ£ȻΧϣóԵĳԣúȵĺȣȫΧӰ죬оû¶һ㡣
ô˵֮£תѦɣ΢΢ЦȻôأϷЩҪ򵥵˵˵ڴ֮ǰϷҶȵѦҲûʲôϸ𣬳Թ͸̸ˣڴһղ˵ϷƲӢ飬¶ϷҪú˵˵ʴ˴ӢôϷȫ׵ĸ򣬽µһ㣬ʵڲһᣬͲҪϷǰ˵ʲôӢӢˣڳˣûܹӢ֣
ʮֵĿ
ܹμѦС߻ˣڻĵĽ֮ϣһͷٲҲһŴеĳϻһĵλǰȴ˵һ㣬ֱûˣʱ˳еһƬ˶
ܿ죬һϵվ˳߽ϵʮˣ׷ͯգһѷɫϣǿѹŭʵ֮ͽȻСӢƶĸУ׿жͣ
˵գϵԾȻϣ죬еķһը죬һ֮䣬һӰʣ˹ȥϵʯͷһ
ϵһ֣ʱ˷˺Ȳ֮źֶΡ
ȻЩĶҵߣֻһ䣬ЩĶϤһ࣬ˤ˵ϣЩȫˤ˷ĩм涼ҳһӳ


2008 ǿ
ڣڳ˶һ±Ƶ״̬˭Ҳ㲻ͻȻֵĽϵʲô·ΪνϺðһĸ֣ղһλΪϳ˵ĵһ棬ǳһУ㱻һĵѪɡ
ϵֻһһˮ׼ĸ֣һϣҵʬˣϾ֮ǰɱɽʮλһ֣չֳǿʵʱúܾ˶ɵóȻλ߶֡
ҲѪ֮ߵΪ̫ţӢ
μѦС߻ˣȻûʲôΪߵ֮ĸɽ츣еƽһҲûȴɳ½ƽ֮λĳϺǰףأǸѦӡ
˵λ඼ڻĵĽϳõǰҪ˵ɱˣӦþɽϾӣλ֮£ƺһ˭ֵܹסأ
϶ҲϾҲϾܹѦңʮָ˵ģǸǳ˶裬ȫܹסӣϹ϶ҲסϾӵľŵףܿܺȴҲϾӲţˣ뼴ҸүҲȫϾֲĴڡ
ǰȫӶ
ҪսڳλԻĸصĵźͷŵĸ֣ݶȻҵĵˣҲͶء
Ǵ˿̣ϾӲûҪֵ˼ֻǷɢÿ˶վһλЩȫһԲȦ֮Уÿ˵ɫʮֵĳأмλѾַ˽֮ϣһԾԾԵĸо
ҾãһΪֲɱϾҪʼˡ
ָоʮֵĲһҲ
ղλϵһȥΰʺʯ˹ȥ׾ٵһӱ㻯һС
ϵˣʱüͷһ磬ʱչֳһǿƳеķٴԻ裬˹ȥһȥʱһը죬ǰһǧصľʯһȥҲҪѳɺü顣
ȻǲܣۿǷҪĴϵʱһֻɿݵ֣һ¾ץסϵķǷľĵǱץţͷԾɲľ·˼ӡ
۾һУŭ˵ϰļϷ򿹺⣡
˵գһƣϵؿ˹ȥϵֶҲǲǧһ֮ʣҲٵĳһƣӲĶƴײʱһը죬Ŀ֮£ϵһҺߣֲһĻͷˣϵһ¾ͱһƸ˳ȥһ۱Ĵײľ˺ѣ鲼Ƭɢһأϵĸ첲ʱŤ˺üأָͷȫըˣȺ֮ײ˹ȥмæȥϵ壬ȴҲϵĹײ˺ü˵ϡ
ѦС߼ˣæߵϵߣȥơ
ҲϵһۣϵѪӲֹѪʳ
һƾжǾײܽе˺ѿ
ϵƤѾˣȻϵĽϣѪܱѣŻˡ
ϵܹһѾܲˣȸղλҪ˺ܶ࣬ղλ彫ȥֻһУ㱻ķѣһѪɢŽ
ϵ϶ҲˣΪѦС߸ûʩȣֻɫ쳣ԣϵѾûа취ˣ˵̫أ
ϵӲ˲ӣ΢΢̧һ֣۾ֱĿѵ˵˼֣ááǿ
⼸ֻû˵꣬ϵһͷһغˣǵѪˮͷһ㲻ϵʳ
λϵһǸĸ֣ڳˣһ˶Ǵ˵Ķ֣֮ڣͱɱˣһΣܶ˿Ŀ⣬¶Ŀ־壬˿ʼŲ˽Ų
һЦеģղŸϵƴһƵһ˶ûУŲŲ֡


2009 
ոȥϵ˵ǰ㣬ǰĺǿ̫ǿˣҾôҲֻҸүܹ֮һˣһ﾿ðģ
˼ҼȻҹ¶ûмˢӣҲ˵Ŀ
ͨ˵Ľ֣ͻȻãʵǿϾӣҲһܹɵĹˡ
ڣ˶֪ǴðģĿĺڣǺҲ
еʣҲ롣
λԭߵλźͷŵĸ֣ܿͰҲû˸ҽҪˡ
ôǣ
ϵ˵ΪһӣǰҲֻУСûˣǱϵΪ߳һֵܹ¹ʮô
ȻܣԱûٸҽˡ
˭ȥһ
˿ĿĿ־壬֮һƬ磬ԶǿΪֻʵǿ˲Żη֣Żõ˵ľηֶΨһ֤ԼʵĴڡ
һɱ֮΢Ц紺۾ɨһۣ˵һҪϷдд裿Ϸ㣬ֻ֮ƴϣϷżûʹȴʵϷһλɱɱģܲãϷλ˵䣬ٶҲ٣һҲܲϷҲʱߣǾ¡ٺ١һű˽ŲҪȥֻһŻûȥ첲㱻˸סˣתͷһɣһصĳҡҡͷʾҲҪȥ
˼ͷʵ̫ǿˣ֮Ϊ⼫󣬼ҹȥͷֵҲ˼Уᱻɱ
ҹȥ
ȴҡҡͷʾģԥһ£ɿ֡
£ҳ߽˼˵λǰܹ˵仰
Ŀתң´һۣ΢Ц˵Сӣ֮ǰǼ
ǰǵȷʱŶʮˣ˵۵˿ֿ϶Ǽٵģط϶ҲУڰɣ̽ʵ
ǺһЦ˵ҲҲȻϷųģֵģֻǱϷ˵ˣʵϷ򲻽ټ٣٣棬ֻϧ⺢ûзֱǽ̫ǳһЩ
ͷ˻һڣڳٴСòԶһ˵˭ôû˵أ
ǰǰʲôʱһĸ֣Ϊʲô֮ǰûڽ֮¶棿˵
ʵҲɻĺܣʲôҶû˵͸ûҲûʲô
˵ֵʱͻȻһɽϾеһˣ΢΢һ£Խֳһ˿֮ɫܿʧˡ
˵ͻȻЦ˼Ȼֵλڳľ󲿷˶û˵Ϸ֣ûϵֻһ˵شһӦþʶϷˡ
˵ڳٴαѻȸĿٴο˵Ǽ˵֡
ɨһۣ̬˶һϴģ渵Ϸм𽭺£ڽҲǴһЩͷһ䳤ϣһȸϣֻѾˡ
˵˵֣ڳ޲һ֮ͻȻ˴һصˣ
ڳˣһ˵һصˣʱ˼һص֣͸˹һ
ɽɽĲ飬ѾǾ˽֪
ÿһصĳһط棬ȻѪɺӣʬɽѪһ㣬¶ˣ˭־度أ
˶֣ʱоʮõӣɽǺЦϷһصˣһﲻҪżϷ˵ȸļһﱻ˸ɱˣϷ£һϣһ׻ϣӦҲҪˣܵķӦҲ첼ˣЩ͢ӥȮӦҲɱĲˣһأϷ͹򹷣ʱλлϷдһȻӡ
˵һ£ֵŶˣǸߴˣϷһصλһְмʮûڽͷ¶ˡ


2010 Ψһ·
ƥĻһһˣһصĴڽ֮϶һվǶǼΪֲĴڣǰƾðȴԳĴϵϼһصĻҲ˵ֶξĴ󻤷֮ϡ
ںܾúܾǰҺҸү˵һټʮǰǳ̴սʱ򣬰Ĵ󻤷ȫǳĴ֮ϵĴڣƽʱһֱڰ֮ܶڣմһ𣬺ٺڽ֮¶棬ǰʲôĴ£ǲŻ
ڰ˵Ĵϼʡصķֶ棬ǶҪ֮ܶе˲֮أĴȫˣطֶ汻ҲȫֻҪܶ治𣬰̾Ҹȼϣϣǰٷܹ֮Ҹȼ
İ̸ΪүһүǱ˰̵ܶ棬һȷѪ꣬ȻϵĽɣܶһٹơ
İѾˣǰָһֽһص
һټʮķϢһص͵͵˴ĸ֣еһжûб䣬ĴϻǼ̳ǰһεĳƺΨһľǸһƺһص
֮ǰҸү˵ǽһصѾʮǿ󣬵ȴҲ޷ָǰ峯ĩڵĶʢ״̬һص֮ܶҲղĸΪĻˣĿǰ˵Ҳֻһջƣһ
ǰλĻӦþҸү˵ǸһصܶĻ
֪յĺܶ飬ʲôʱҲ϶֪ܽ˸ˣ϶ܹʳܶڰյ顣
Ȼ¶Ҳֻ룬ƥһ϶ҪһǼ˽ܻܲŻһ¶
ѦС߻飬϶ҲǳıѾˣղ˵Ͱ׻Ҳˡ
ˣǻҶȸ˷ⷨӦñһΧɽʱ򣬲õǸҪ
صӵ۶صֵܾ˲ĸֹ˺óʱ˷󣬴˳ɱ˽ȥһΣǿ϶᲼õĸܣ˽˳ȥ
Ǹƥ˵ģǹŴ򹷣Ŀľǽ˿̾ۼڴ˴нʿȫɱ⡣
ʵڳûһƥĶ֡
ҪȻҲ˵Իǿ̸ЦΪ˿̣ǶϷˣĶҲˡ
һصһȴ׻˵ӰһΣһҪһˡ
ս岼Щص֣ﹻ׻λɱģ˵Ԭˮʥ̵ҲУһΣүүԴصĸֹҲһܹƽ
鷳ˡ
ֵҵǣѦС߾лʱͨĴȫתƵ˺Ҷù֮УҪȻٿڴҲҪ
µ񣬱ⳡӲ̱Ҫ
Աţ潫ΧٸֶŵĲᣬһɫ䣬ܶ˶ʼ
Խ㣬ƥԽţɨһˣȻ˰֣崺ЦλϵѣһҲغ£ϷʵϲɱɱҲ̫Ѫ⣬ɱˣ˻ĲͷˣǾ͹ֲϷˣҪˣϷҲΣֻһ̣Щ졭ٺ١
Ȼһתֵڳ˶·ԲϷҲһʵʵĹ˳һصΨһ·ڿʼ˾ͿվˣֻҪ˳һصϷ֤һëڤ粻ߡɱܲ˳ߡɱ̵ֿߡɱ
ÿ˵һɱ֣վΧЩ΢΢һ£ܶ˵亹æȥ
ձĹأ֮⣬Ҳκһ˵
˵Щʱٴα˫ɨһȫɫһ£˵ˣڿʼ˴˳һص˾ǰһϷֻӵʱ䣬վĿԻվģǶڣλŰɣҲһ£Ϸ͸ӡ
һ䣬ڳ˲ܶ˶С
Щһɵĳĸģ浽һ̣˭ΪԼһ£ǰӵоߵΪֿԲһǵѡ
ܹΨһϣ
һӹȥˣǻķӣûվ𣿡


2011 ͱ
˰˶ȣֶ֮һĨϺͺ壬ͱˣľսܶ˵ֿʼˡ
һһڳ˵Ǽ尾һһҲԾ˵
ڳˣһɶǳɣڽ֮ҲеλˣȻҪȫһص˭ֿԽܵأҲ˵ǻеһУͶа̣һҪӴԺʦţ治ʦ棬ԼʦŹȥ˹͵ܹԼһ
ʵôпᣬͱ֮䣬˿̾Ҫһһ֮䣬ȥδӣȫƾԼ
ѡأ
ʱ־ĹȥһӣʱͻȻһ˴Ⱥ֮˳ŲȻѣһϵһʶɽһλϣɽƽ̻˵ʦܡˡ
ߵԼʮҵĵطܵһ֣˵λϵѣƶɽǹĳϻݣλϵҲʶգƶվΪģ˵һ乫ϣܹȥƶǶҲϧ
˵ҵ˲Ҳ³Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ȻվǻǰҲûҪֹ˼ֻЦеĿ˻ˣȫһӵ̬ȡ
˵Ŀٴ˻˵ϣǻ˼˵λƶһԣԹŻǧ꣬Բģͼ߸ģͼǿӲֶΣǵȮ֮£Ȼʵ֤Ȼǧ꣬ȴһֱܵʿĴѹûгɹ߸һλĵĽ£˵ʲô˵˰̲ģҲܳɹǵ֮£ڸĳһصҲˡ
һ£ǻһͻȻļϵļ΢΢һűߵٴ˵֮ǰɽ֮ϣһصǵĺˮʥɽɽŴɱµӳǧϰ٣ѪɺӣɽʧأǳҵɱƶĿаλǽһصǾΪŰǾǴ治ǾǸΪУ޹⣬һ̧ͷǵǵԶΪµе裡жϧվǼٽ֣ȴһһص˵¶ҪǴȥʦүȫˣβƴһսȫˣҲû˸˵ث֣
˵һϯʱȺ鼤оǵȼһըҩһϵĿ־嶼ʧˣеֻǷŭͲʣԼһɫ
šһ죬ܶ෨ʣȺ֮б˴ѵģ¸ܣʮһúƴˣ
ƴˣ˷ʼ߿ٵĿ£˹
Ѱ·ʶ̧٣ͻȻһȻ䣬һĵԶźһĿֲ֮Ѹٵĳ˹ȥɢϢѾӽˣ˵絶һĴʹ
һ̣ԭˣԼжʮ߰˸ˣ˿ȫǰվٵɢÿжٵ˸ԵķȻһ֣Լϵĵ˺¶һɫľװЩ˺ɫ·ؿ֮ϣӡһԲεİͼЩǹŲ̶мЦӵɨΧЩ׼һϵȺ
ʮ߰˸ˣԲͨһصˣ̧֮䣬¶ǼߵΪҸоÿһ˵Ϊչǿһλ֮ϣ߻пܱǿһЩ
ΪȻ㲻̫ǿÿһ˶ǾӢеľӢӦһص֮ܶдĸ֣ЩˣһصֶĶһκһĶ֡
ǻȻ壬ۿžҪˣͲһȶֵģʱֱеĳһּ䣬㽫ǳͷ֮ϡ
ɽľС佣һƴֶΡ
һصˣƶҪѪծѪΪɽɱٵӳ
˵ţǻͷϵĳˡһ죬ʱѳһҲӰͬʱɱȥ
ۿŻ˾Ҫֵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬֪ﴫˡ顱ǹ죬ߵļ˶ʱԴһԵ˵ϡ


2012 صɱ
ۿһս⣬˫׼ҪֵʱͻȻƵǹ˼žĿռ䣬ǰĴ̶ٴڳ˶һ
ôʲô
֮ƴȻǹеˣ
ΪôߣѵҪǹ
ɽɽһս˶֪һص˲ǹǵѺˮʥ̿ûʲô˼ɡ
׼϶ֵĻҲŵĻһսٵСܵһ࣬˿̵ȻηҲܰװ
ȻĴʱ򣬷ΧЩ߶ûʲôվܵЩİ̵һµڵ
޲ԴԽӱ䣬Ͷ
˲֪ʲôȴһ㣬ЩǹĲǱˣսһصˣһһЩǹؾսʿ
ǾȺ֮Уڵõս֮󣬸׼Ŀ꣬Ⱥڻǹ¶˳㶯ֵʱ򣬶Ȼͬʱǹһͬʱŵߵĺü¡
϶սصչ˵Ķ󣬳ǹ࣬ǹһһɲǼ䣬Ҿͳ˹ȥҿһĻʱ򣬶ʱһ
кܶӵ˹ȥЩӵʮ׵ĵطͻȻֹͣˣӵͷڿٵתȴһϢסˣǻǳڻһַš
Ҳ֪õʲôֶΣǸоĺȥӵ߰˷ȫǱҪȥģӵţ⼸ӵǱؿڣʮ׼ͷҲͻȻѣȻǧһ֮ʣǱƥˣƾյסЩӵ
һ۵ڵϵЩһص£ϵһ¶صɱ⡣
Ȼûȥˣŭһһּ䣬Щǰӵʱȫĵ˳ȥֵȥšಡƿ죬ԶȺ֮жʱ˵Ĳҽ֮Ȼ׷׵ĵ˵ϡ
Щ˶صЩؾһּѪ֮С
ڴʱϾͬʱǰ̤һһϵŭȵϾڴˣаҪףٲ֣ؽ׺ɱ
ʲôƨϾӣϷҲǼϣʲôͣʩչǣϷǲɣվԭزɨһϾӡ
ǸϾеһҲûж˵ϻֱһкɱ
ϾͬʱеĽ׼һϡ
ǲϾӽߵͻȻǰֱӵסϾӵȥ·
սһΧϵĞųչ¶˳ɱлص
˷Ⱥͬʱӿ˹
Ƕ֮ǰͻȻһ飬æͷС߸磡ϽеŮѦҵ˶Ҫ¶棬Ӧ
սһ𣬵ۣѦҵҽͨ죬ΪǶôһκΪûУһƬɱ½Ѧҵ˲ܸһꡣ
ѦСʵҲҪһ𣬵ڣĸĸҲܼҵĸĸҲڣд󲿷ֵŮ춼ûʲôΪģΣգҪЩŮһȫĵطС
ӣѦС˽⣬Щ˵ȥò
ѦСҵ֮󣬳߿һۣҲ飬ֱץסϵѦɵĸ첲㳯ź汼ȥ
Ȼ󽫻̨ϵܼҵĸĸԶȥˡ
ѦСߴˣҽٴתͷ˹ȥٽַӵƥеģΧЩһص±㵲סЩ˵Ľ
ȻǾҲûţҼ˽꣬Ҳɱ˹ȥǻûбߣһµסҵȥ·˵ʮƣҵǰɭɭЦɱȸλ
Ҿǡҵ
ܺãֶΡ˵ţ㽫еķһ˦֣һﳯҵ˹
۾һ£õһŵıУ»һֻõĶһۣһֻһƣ׳ǸǰһĶٶȺܿ죬գۼֻ̧ý굲һ£Ƿײڽ֮ϣּأҲһµ˻ȥ


2013 
һó߰˳ɵһķ³˴˹ȥ˳һӣУŲ£ʱɫһֵܹɱȸĸ֣ȷӣսٻغϣ
˵գǼһٴγҳɱ˹һξ͵ҵǰƵĶҶͷ˹һٰ˲ĺ棬һɨǧ㳯˹ȥ˻ҪǶȻӽŵͻȻһЩĲ˫ȸסһԾ֮£޷ֺʱһɨǧȥһѾǰ֮£ֻþǶһķȥǵ
š顱һ죬ǵ޺޵ĶϣȻһΡ
ʱңѾٴٰ˲ֶһ࣬ƴԴǰҽһĿ˹ȥ
ڡһ죬һȥֱӽ˸һԴ
еĶأһԼؿڴĽ꣬һ𾪵ɫŵ˵⡭ôܡ
ôҪҴսٻغϣҲ䣡˵գеĽһȻһ˵ؿڶʱ˺һ󶴳Ѫ䣬Ե˵ϡ
үģΪһصܶˣȸأԭҲˡ
Ҫǣһ̫ˣΪԼţȵӣСһЩҲҡ
ֶʼװȣֱһͿٵĽս
սٻغϣЦأҿҲܳסغ϶ѡ
һɱ˴֮ҽٴγɱ˹ȥʱҲϾӽ֡
ʱҲŷ֣ϾӲֻףƴ֮ʱϾҲܲóһʮĽŸͬʱ֣ӲͬǶȳɱȥٵĽغϣϾȴҲûа·ӡ
ϾɽǧĽǾŸʮϵϰֶΣҪ⽣Ҳô׵顣
ʱ򣬻СһչǿҲҵһ֣ҲǶʮ£ɱΧܵЩ֣Ҳһͬмλü˹వ׷׳˹ȥ
ƣҲ˵еô£˺֮£ҲһŪ
ҳԱһϾһҵһ϶ٴ˽꣬߶콣ǻһص£һƵ쳹أűһӽ֮籡צĳȥϾӶͻȻ俴һԽԽĻԼ߶֮ͻȻһ˿֮ɫסѿڶ콣ϹֶΣ
үģҲ֪⻰˭Ҹүػү
үƲ̫ܣүư̵ʱһƻûأӦҸү
˭УǶҵˡ
һлʩչ֮ҽһٰ˲ϾӲóĽ֮УŽ곯ٴɱ˹ȥ
һϾӵĽϵĺëըȥϾܲ͸Ľ֮Уޱȵɱое·ˣǿ
ϾҪԸĿ겢ңҪȻҿ϶Ӳ⽣ġ
ղһצĻɱ֮󣬵һֱóеͻȻһֽһðźĳ˳ײϣٵĳǻӿȥһһƫУնǻԴϣмζʱһΣܿ컯ΪΡ
ʱҿٵĳҪϾӵϼл֮£͵Ϯһܹ֡
Ҫеܶ࣬ҴȥûüʩչʲôͱһˣеǰѺУʮ㣬ܹסпŶƮģӶܹϾܲ͸Ľ֮ҵͣĶܹȥ
ҲǹȥϸùģϾʱܹסʱ򣬹ȥ͵Ϯһѣɲɵģȴһ˵
һ뽣ֱһӰӣ磬о˲˺˪ˣһһƮӰһ⽣һ֣űʵǱеĺиסˣȻһһɺľȻ䴫˹


2014 һ㺮˪ľ
Ž֣ͻȻһ飬һ̴ֶ߶ǶתǬƵϵתƵ˽棬϶ʱȥʮףˣҵĽŲ˼£֮ϱһĽӡ
վȣžƮ˹ŭȵҵϹСʥΪУС
˵䣬ұǰһΣһˣ֮䣬ϾӳȥĽһҵĿ˹ôľ룬ôٶȣǱ޿ɱܣԷ˺ݣֱӸ
ԣһֱ̣΢΢̧˽꣬߶콣ǻ㾦ʽ
ֻҪĽҵϣҽ֮ɫҲϡ
ƥΪҲᱻǵɫĹؿڴһѪ
˾ͻɱңԼҲɣ
ƥȻϧģǽеĺɱȻֱҵţǺܿ쳯һƫ˹ȥǵ֮籡ɫߴ˳ȥ
ʱҲסΣæһԶ˿ȥƥɱңʧȥȻΪʱϾǿֲĽٴν
ࡰͨͨͣЩ£һͱϼһɱˡ
ԭƥֿȭɶԿϾӵĽĺһóʱоϾЩ޷мסĸо
ּսϾӵĽܲ͸һ㣬ܹϾӿҲֲ̫ʱ䣬һֱĥţܲ͵ϮһѣƥһӲУҪȻϾӵĽ֮󣬿¾ûлˡ
˲һӵʱ䣬ٴγ˹ȥһٴδ߶˲ľ֮Ų̤ĵطľͻȻͷƶЩĲľ˵ʲô̧Ͷ֮䣬׵ĽЩľϡ
һܹһõģٶһЩʮ֮һٶȣܹϾӲٵѹΪ̶̵һ˲䣬Ծ˵
²ĻĲڣʱЩʤ䷳ڲϸϾӾͬʱʶĳƹȻȻ䳯һһ˪ޱȣҪƴȥסһʱͻȻһССӰ˽ֱӳȥڿǶ֮æһתʱһϲԭһϵǧƷ˳
ҲֻСܹη弸֣ʱǧҲǰˣڹկ˹կ嶾ĶԻǻƤĶԣѾָĳɵСĶӹɵģմһ̱С
ǧƵļ룬ʱĴæٴŽ꣬͵Ϯ˹ȥ
ܵлЩͷۣûǧƣǼɵ֡
ƥЩˣͻȻһһ㺮˪ľ٣
ֱ˦ȥһǽֱ֮ӷɳ˼ʮӣɢȥֱӽϾӸƿˣһؿڣһŰ˪Ȼ㳯ɱ
ˣʱϾӣú˪εǧƵĽҪȽҸĽ࣬ûҵĽǰѾȲҪŪˣһ֮϶ʱһıȻӳҷ
һĻҲ˺ˣһʩչ콣еƾʽɷ֮ȼˣݺ֮䣬֮ѿһĹ֣һϯʯľȥ
ǿײһ𣬞ų죬һʲôûи㱻һɶ֮ӭеĽ궼һź˪ȻӵԼϣȻҾͱ˳ȥˤڵأϵıһȻƮӰٴγֱҵĲӡ
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷٴξ𽣻꣬ΪֻŽѾǹɺûʲô֪ˡ
Ҳûзֿӿٵ̧Ȼһƾͳ˹ȥ
һʹȫƻŴһʮʮһĳȥը죬ЩƮݵ˽ǰɱŨͻȻצΪƣֱӸҶԺһơ
תǬתжȥϴ󲿷ֵһǱĵķɳȥʮԶڵϻһĹֳ


2015 ȡʱ
ˬҲû˭ˡ
ײһʱһҵģһƬհףҲûоʹȻӾ͵ɳȥڵϻһӡ
ʮԶҲͣеҶȫʧˡ
ԼУҿٴƮҼۿžҪߵʱһâ˸ͷϷɱȻٴγϾӣסȥ·
Ժ䣬ҵӱ˴ӵҵ£ãȻĿȥͿеǰƣ񻹴˵ʲô
СšСš
һҲķԭǻҺ֡
ЩʧĿʱ۽˻Դ˵ûôˣ
СšоôһǵɫĴźϵҸоƨɺ쬵ģͷһֿӸղŶĥˣȫѪӣһƣʱЩӦʱؿڱƣѪӿ
жתǬƣҵղһƴ󲿷ֵҪȻҹƱϵò̫࣬ƥ̫ǿˣһصĴ󻤷
һͷųһЩϴˢһ¾ʱ泩࣬岢ûʲô󰭣Ҳû˵ӡ
ܹסƥһƣҾѾܲˡ
Һö˶˵ġһûСҿһۻе
ˡһΪϵһ㣬һƱأСţȣᡣ˵ʱϲЦտղȻǵĵĲС
ƥǿϾӿ϶סղҴϾӵĽ֮иһƥ˼УϾӶ໹ܼʮӣ⽣ҪƵڸǾ׳ֵʱˣǼһϣܲܿסϾȡ׵ʱ䣬ʱƥ򣡡ҵϵ
ƾǼס𣿡в޵ĵʵ
סҲϾһߣһǼλŲסˣΧЩƥб·ɱһסҳ
ðɣһԣƴһѣҧ
˵ţһ֣ǱһɳȥԶϽ𲧸˻ȥкһͰչȥˡ
ʼ߶֮зӡԹͳڣ֮ɵһѣϾӵ״ƥǺĸֻܹҪȡʱ䣬϶ҲܽˣĿǰ˵Ϊһ취ˡ
һҲԽףֻ׷Ͼȣǲ࣬ǿƲס϶
ܿ죬бһͰչǹͨϣ˳߾£˹Щ£ĸָסˡ
һΪܶĸжôأֲ֪ǲûеôǿȻΪܲʵսһЩû־ѪӦǿǴһصܶʱ̫ˣûô棬ΪţȣֻҪ̫ηǲѽµġ
ЩһصܶҲΧ߰˰ˣʣµҲˡ
ߵ˶ۼ֮һһɨһۣҡСһչǿɣѦСǻܼҺѦҵļҾȥˡ
֮ǰп϶ҵ뷨˵ˣҲԣ±ֵǣһˣһһϣԼΪֵĿұȫʩչסƥþǶãʣһҲҪͦס
Ū˿ң׷ߵ˵
ţһεľеĽ꣬кȵɱ
£һ㳯ɱȥڳϾӽʱұλǰ£Ըǽף
˵ţϾӵĽſһڣǾ׻ǿ˽֮Уһ뽣˱㽫ΧסϾӵĽһɣʱ˼
СӣͰǼСˣԺ󽭺֮ϣؽһսǹûһϵеĳԽָ죬ǳ֮ϷתʼϸСĵ
İλϵҲˣеĳȫͷա
һʱƹնʱܲ
ǼһУ㽫ŰΧǰѺˣɱĺУɨǼһۣЦð꣬ڽȵļСȫˣʥΪУ˿̾ҪȫϷ֮ˡ


2016 ٶȶ
ƥ˭˭һأȲҪţȰһ˵ѾϽ׷ɣͷ֮ϣϽ𲧽âתССķϽΧת磬֪леΪƺֳ˲١
ǼСûз˼ƺϾ׼״Ҳûκοֻ֮УҾˣƥ򾿾жı£ѵܹסף
ߣаٷ֮ٵİգܹڼ̵ʱڣǼȫڽ£Ȼٽ״Ͼȫɱˡ
һֱǵݵӣ˻ͻȻüͷһ۾˵Щ˼Ȼת޵ĸɮֻǻûü۸ҪϷУǿϧˡ
оȻת޵ĸɮ
һ£ȫ˻С
ʱͻȻѸٵһɱֶ
ǸƥȻǿ򻨺еһ˲䣬ͻȻֱ֣ӳǿɱȥ
һٶ̫ˣƮ֮ҪҶٰ˲ʱֶλҪһЩߵֻҪɨһ۱иǿǼ˵Ϊ΢һһһһɱǵһ󽫡
Ȼٶȿ죬һٶȸ죬ۿҪǿߵʱбһֳֻͻȻƮ˹Ȼ䵲ǿߣòֵһһ΢΢ǿҲܿ췴Ӧ˹һԶʱŵɫ䡣
һ̫ˣЩСС
£һϣ㷨һͬϡ
һǹǽ֮Ϻ֣ڣеžĹ˹ȥһֵͬʱؿڴҲֻë꣬ܿ컯λһĴŮҲһͬɱ˹
չĻ𾫳Ҳ˳ɫĻ棬ϯ֮䣬Ǻϲ籡֮ߣչҲһβĲл꣬˿Ҳ֮һս
иǽŭĿ˳һͬսվΧΧ̤֪ڸʲôãҿд˿Ѿͭ˳ͭ˶סһӵʱ䣬䲻͵Ϯһ£Ҳ֪ͭܲܽסΪƥΪ̫ˣȷ˼ɵ
Ҳʦָ˳ϵмشֻҪıѣʦֽһԪȥҲֵܵһ
ֵܼþöûһ𣬶Ըһˡ
һһսʱ򣬻ڱԸĺǰΰ³ڤȫûˡ
Ǹ³ڤȻûд˿̵׺Ǽ˵ΪҲͽȣͬն
˾Эսϵ޼䣬ֽԼΪǿֶκޱʩչжʦֺǧƴЭһʱ仹ܹʱȶס棬ȻЩҲֵܵһʱ䡣
˸Ҳ;һӵĹ⾰һһ붼ڼ尾ϾѾʼ״ͷ֮ѾǷɫ䣬ֶģ׵ĺƲ֮
ϾӺ֮£Ҫһ׵ʱٶҪһЩ
ֻϣϾӵٶȿһЩٿһЩǼ˼ֶȻǶԸЩֱΪѡ
ʱ˱仯ЩμѦС߻˵Умɽéɽĸּ˽ߵѹһЩ
ΪϾܹסʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ΧĞųӿ˷ͻȻ˰ɫ֮УӴӵ˷ͻȻӿһȺˣ̧ͷȥʱһĺˣ˵Ҳˣ˷ɱ˽ԼУƺ˼ϤӰлоϵӰ
©ƫҹ꣬ƨҲҽź
黹ûнϱһƱ˳ɱ˹
Щ˳һصˣкܶɮˣӦǺˮʥ̵˵ԬҲˡ
Щ˵ӿ룬ǹЩ࣬Ǻˮʥ̵ĶѾҵˣôôĺɮ
ѵˮʥɳ˴ĸֹ֧Ԯһصˣ
ƥûƭǣͰ׻ϹˣһΧΧɽʱַ󣬱˽ߵӲȥ
һΣһصҰĴҪȫڴ˵Ľࡣ
һЩ˳ɱ˽˶ʱЩһһ߻еǹǽһ߳ҴСŸ磬˳ѦҸ淨Ǳȥˡ


2017 ﶥס
˳һ˵Ǹط˹ȥ濴һƱλүסǴɽ괦ӿ˹ȥЩٽˣƺƵһصĸ֣Ҳкˮʥ̺Ԭ£ȥλүʲô
λүȻҽΪʮҲ߻ħʱ򣬱㽫λүӸˣһǾͱһصɳ˰ȥλүӵķǱߣҪλүӲ
ǻͣһβˣǲգǲˡ
ңղѦСߴܼҺѦҵ뿪ķҲǸطӸӣȫĵطӦþѦλүӴķ֮ˡ
ԣһ˵ѣѦС߿϶λүӳŷȥ
λүҲ֪ѦС߽飬ͺͷ̫ˣֳϲ˳棬ؼǣľ󲿷ˣ֪ѦҵλүӻҪȻõ˱ϣλүޣҲ֪һصô֪λ˼һġ
ߣǵֻΪ׷ѦСǶȥ
˹ȥѦСǱƵ϶ס
һ뵽ҲǵǵĲС
СŸ磬ϽȥסЩˣǧҪǽǷ֮УܼҺѦ˵İΣָˡһһ˵ţһ߻еǹǽȥԽԽ˼˶ԸУżԽ࣬Ҳ˵Ѫ֮Уӳһһ˪籡ˣû÷ܱܿǵ˪ɱӣڵˤɰ˰ꡣ
һصԮӿ˹ܼǹ˹Ҳ˵ڵϣЩǰμѦС߻ҲǷ֮ܿλϵ֣ϳסЩкӵ
ߵһ㣬ϾһʱҲ޷׸һߣʣһͻǣ׶༪٣һܹסƥ
ٴѵľأȥһȥλүӷǱߵˣֵһǶסѹ
СţϽȥȻסλүӣﶥסһԵҲͭеͷ˳Ҵ
һ¾Ϳ룬ԲŻߴ뿪
ڲǾʱһǾȥס֮еλүӣϾǱѦҵĳ޸֮Ů죬һĸ׺ѦСߵĸף
뵽ұסˣķصһһٴγϯȻûǼλֵ˵һҪסȥȥͻأȡ۷
һǱߵѹѾûйӦˡ
һͷ֮ϱ㴫һըףһ绮ڵҹգ̧ͷȥʱ򣬲֪ʲôʱͷ֮γ˾޴ĺɫУתֻһۣôĿġ
֮⣬ͻȻ˴磬ǿ𣬴ĲľҶɣɽľλϵһ㣬ԭһ
еĽָͷ֮Ǿ޴С
еĽеâ˸֮ͨƺ
֮ӵľң粻˺ڵҹա֣˵׽ʱܽˣϾӽ׵ٶȺͳȷǱһǿ˺ܶ࣬Ǿ޴У𺳡
һϾӸ̣Ҿͷ˲٣һ׽һͻǱɺܶࡣ
һֱ̣Ӵ߶ٰ˲λүӾסǸķȥ
βͣı任ŷλ˲Ѿ׿⣬ѾȫսȦ·ϻ˼һصˣиˣȻǰߡ
λүӾסǴŴӲǺԶͨ˲дԼҪСʱң߶ٰ˲ٶȵҲͲӡ
ۿžͿҪ﷨ǱߵʱͻȻһСϺˣ˶һصˣϴ·Կ
ֻˣ˿ȫ°ĭͣͣ˽ŲһЩ˶жˣⶾֻɥʧսɥ
ҳܿһۣܵĻĲһЩɫķĩܿ˹ѦС߶ֽţЩĩһ̼ᵹڵϣһ㡣
Ѧйأֻ˲ɱˣѦСֻὫ˷ŵӲɱһˡ
ѦС߸ҵ޹ǣͨĶҩ֮ĶȫߣЩβκв
ЩӦǸжûãֱӼ˽꣬һʹ졣


2018 ҪôͶҪô
ѦС߲ɱˣСүҿûôģЩһص˾ǹɱǵģ°ĭܶĻǿ϶ҿһǿʲô
ԣֻһ˸һǵȻλүסķķ˹ȥ
ǰн·ֽ֮˼ڵϵˣЩǻԲѣЩȫףǶûȥֻȥǡ
ԷӦǷѦСǵټ׷ĺܼԼͬ鵹ڵϣҲ˲ôȣֻһ·׷١
˿ѦСǱߵ˻գǻûн뷨֮ǰ㱻һص˶סˣǺʮֿǡ
λүסķһЩĵģλү˵ǴǸүģүΪóķ϶ôɾͱ˸ƻģֻҪѦСߴ˽뷨֮УһоͰȫˡ
뵽һεļӿ˽ŲǷķȥͬʱ˰ٲϵֶΣϸ۲ΧĶ
вʱǷ·̵ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һ򶷵죬ǷŻ˽ŲѭԴȥ
һɽ£ҳһſˣΧһȦӣһΧм䣬ڷƴɱ
Щһٶףվڸߴķ
ΧסѦСǣΧѦСǵ˱ȽϷӣһصͺˮʥ̵ˣԬ
Ⱥ˵ǰҲ˼Ϥףһǰ׻ϣһԬ̥ʬźͳҲ
ˣһصѦСߡĸ׻ˣǼеŮΧм䣬ΪǣѪķ˳
ǰ׻ϺԬվǰ棬ѦСߵˣǰ׻ϵ˵ܰǼܣҿܵȥǾǲϳҲӲϷġ
㶯һԣСŸһȫɱ⡣ŭŰ׻ϣһ˫ĿɵԲŭ˵
СѾͷƬӣͱǺ¶ˣˣһһ϶޷뿪ǸʲôСŸ磬ӦѾ˰ɣһصܶĻԳɱ͸һֻ࣬㻹ָһ˾㲻ɣǰ׻ϺٺЦ
˵ʱٴϸɨһ³еЩ̫Ծһˣ϶ȥ
ѲûǳһǱߣǻȥˣ
һ뵽ǵǵĲУϵΪҲʮǿһν֣Ҳѹңʱ䣬ҵΪٴµͻƣǰʱ仹ԪһӵΪ콣зƺҲܹʩչˣһΣϣ¾Ͳ֮ǰǰ㲻һˡ
ϲߣҲһֵҵ飬ҲֱһǱ߿϶ҪһЩˡ
һ뵽ҵĪӿ졣
ҲûóȻ֣ǴϢָϢһ߹۲Ǳߵľٶһ߻ĳŰ׻ϵ˿
ΪٴϢָԷǺѲҵĴڵġ
׻˵һصĻˣѦСǶ𾪲ѣŵĲУۿˣЩ˵˵ĲġСŸ粻µġ
СӦŮˣǼһ޸ǳһڻɽǸгŮ˾ͳĺܲСҲƯģһҪڣСúһµĵǣôãǺþöûʲôˡԬɨ
˵˵ҿܼҵǸҲףȽǶɱ֮С㶼ȥôö㣬Ϸʹˣòˣٺ١ǰ׻Ц
Ůˣҿ϶ôʹˣҪУԬݵ˵
ĵϵѣǱĺһصܱһֱҪݷýύڶûл棬û룬һμ澹ȻֳϣʧʧͻȻվ˳һ˵
׻üͷһϸһ˵ĺ
ĺİҲʮڣϣλϵһӣ뿪գĳؽл
ʲôƨĺϷû˵ϷǰҪôͶҪôѡһˡ׻ϲͷ˵


2019 ׹
ҪΪУϷĺʮڽΪһصУв
׻һЦʲôΪЦһ㣬Ц˺һŵһ֮صİɣҲһصΪУԲ۵Ϸ֣
׻ϣͲܸنˣֱɱ˱ǣʡ˷ѿࡣԬһѵ
׻ϵ˵ͷֱһֵɱ
ţ׻Ⱥһϣ㳯ѦСߵɱ˹ȥ
ѦСһоŸˣ޸֮Ů죬Էϰ֮ڣ׻ϡԬʬźͳֶ꣬ζǿôѦСǱ߶ͦȥ
˫һѦСߵһ裬ȥһƬɫķĩһʱɢƮȺ֮ϯȥ
Щ˿϶ǳѦСвСĿѦСЩĩ׷ȥմȾЩĩж֮󵹵ؿ°ĭ
Щɮǲˣߴ˵һͨһ˵̩˼˵ֻŶѵǾͲ
˵ţмɮ˺ɫķĩѦС˹ȥǺɫķĩƮƮӦñֽͷеҩҩ֮ˣûʲôý֮ĺܲҡ
ʱͻȻһ˦֣˼ֽЩֽȻ죬˼ž޴Ļ⣬ʱסЩɫķĩһ⡣
ЩɮöУֱӷųʬͯѦСǶ˹ȥ
Щʬͯٶȼ죬׺ޱȣһһʬͯ˹ȥһֱѦСߵġ
һˣǿ϶ӦʱҪҪɱȥ͵Ϯһأ
ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ѦСߺȥǵǰٵõ˵ǰ档
ѦСߵĻľУһϵС䵱飬òľ֮ıҪһЩļ죬һѦСߵ˵ǰʱ˹ȥʬͯסˣиҲƶȥסǵȥ·סǵĽס
ˣǰ׻ŭһһȺ
˵գնѦСǱصȥһǵݺ֮䣬ֱӽѦС߹Ĳľ֮һӣŰ׻ǰһֳѦС߿˹ȥ
ѦСߵΪ϶ǽӲס׻һеģһԲӦеĳһס˰׻ϵն
ǰĺֵֶܼûʰ˴ˣλϹ̳棬ŽסΪǽ³ڤģ㲻ҾΪܻȰ׻ϲһЩҲ̫ࡣ
һͼס˰׻ϵն˴һţ죬һʱҲѷ£ԬֱӳѦС˹ʬҲһӵϣֻҪǼһϣӣѦСǱߵ˿϶ȫǸ¡
Щ˵УҲֻΪߣһаԬһ˾ͿԽѦСȫɵһĻұЩ಻סˣֱӶԬٰ˲ֶȥ͵ϮԬ˿̣ѵʱҾһ͵ϮɣһҲûлˡ
ʵԬǲǺԶԼжʮ׵ľ룬ĸٰ˲һʱڣұɵִԬߣһ˽
ԬǱѾѦСߺһĸ׽֣Ԭеɻָһ±㽫Ƕ˵
ʬѦСߵĸѦɣֱ֮⣬Χкܶ˵ĹǷ
ʱˣһ궸ȻҪһȥʱͻȻ䣬ӲԶһĺ죬һֱӻ˲񷣬Ȼص˵ϣԶҶ߰￪ĵطڵ֮󣬱Žʯ
ȥоͺһը˵ϡ
һҪȥ͵ϮһԬ⶯ͻȻһ죬ŵһһ£ٰ˲ֶβôˡ
һ󣬰׻ϺԬЩҲȫһ׷˼Ȼ촫ĵط˹ȥ
ʱҲŷӦ̵ģȻϾѾ׸ŽǸոտʼ֪ϾӺ֮£ܹŵ׸Ҽǰ㳡棬ֻǲ֪һ׵ûн


2020 ǳ
ڲԶǴģ޴лתڵĴ˴ֻЩɵģһû̫ܵӰ죬Ѿǰʮ֣ۿҪ
Ҷڲݴ֮У׺ķȥǺɫ޴֮Уצݺύоպ¯һű˵սľ
һȥ֮󣬽һ¡¡죬׼Ҫһ׳
ֻҪһ׳֮ʣµǼٶȾͿһЩǲҲɱһص
棬ٴΰһЩϾǷų˴С
ǰ治Զİ׻ϺѦСǱߵ˸Զһ£ƺ׹ĳŵɫ䣬Ƭ֮ǰ׻ɫһ˵ϽɱǣǹȥԮ
˵գ׻ٴξնɱ˹ȥٴɱһ
ҲסһεĿԬ׼͵ϮʱͻȻ䣬ӲԶӰٵķɱǵ󻹸һˡ
ҶһѦСߵλүѦСߵүүѦá
ڷ֮л֪澿ʲô飬ΪǷ֮иȫ
ҪϾӵһ׺ֳĶ̫Ҳһơ
λүһټʮͣһ˷Ȼ㿴˵һصͺˮʥ̵ʱһ¡
׻ϴЩ˵Уܿһλ˼Ҷȥ
λ˼ǰ˼ѦֱӺλүӵǰŭʵʲôˣ
ɱЩһص˸ûзϻϾҪɱĽ࣬˵жʮˣѦҵλүɱȥǱߵĹʦһ˦дѵĹƳڵϣѦҵļλ˼һ˹ȥкɮų˻ɵĹƳ棬ֶԵЩżΪϾӽ˾ף߸ܵ˺ܴΣɡ
λ˼ҸûиʲôǳŲԶһۣѦҵĺڱΧ֪߲ơ
Ѧõǰ棬ŵҲʲôķһͨĿ񵶣ӭЩ˹ĺɮͿ˹ȥѦҵλ׷ԲԵүӳһʼЩ֮̿⣬ܿ͵ǽŲһ٣ֱӭЩϷɵģĹƳȥȴҲ֪ΪΣλү֮ЩƳ׷˱ܣЩ˱ܲģ׷˵ϣֱӷӣֱˡ
ڲԶķλүӺûж֣Щƶֱӹҵˡ
ʲôرƳηϢܹ˱ᡣ
Ǽɮ͹Ƴһۣű׳ʬͯλ˼Ҵ˹ȥֵǣʬͯһʼĿۿžҪλүϵʱλүһֱ֣ʬͯֳʬͯһģʬͯܿͣ
Ѧүӿһбסʬͯҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵ϾȻɥĲ֮ˣȿֲаЩ˲ǻĵİɣ
Щ׼λүӻɱڴ˵ˣһλ׷ԲԵ˼ҾͶ֮ס˶ԷֶΣҲûôʱԭأһֵģʱ㲻ǰȥˡ
ʱѦѦСǱ߿һۣѦСߺĸױԬƵĲ˺в˼лʱüͷһѦҶԸǰЩˣϷȥСǡ
ֳСģһ˺ܲ򵥡Ѧѵ
˵䣬ѦүһΣ㵽ѦСߣү֮һ¾ɵʮˣҲ֪γ֣Щ˾ˣŵһһĹȣһ±ԬɻϣԬ˳ȥ
үѦС߾
ӣ׷ʲô飬ôһôˣѦûʲôҰѦЩԽܵʵ
ǳңһصˣҪҴӣвμӻĸɵĸȫɱ⣬һصܶһˡѦС߽˵
ôѦС˵ѦүӶʱͱɫ
ү˵ˣϽǽ㣬Ǽ󱲳šѦСһ߻ŻľֵЩϳɱһصˣһߴ˵
ԭѦһϲģڷﵱͷڹ꣬ǼȻˣҪٻȥ¾ûô˰ɣԬһеɻ˵


2021 Ǳ͵Ϯ
СޣɱȻôأԺ˵ãϷԩ޳ΪҪѦʹɱ֣Ѧүӳʵ
Ԭ΢΢һЦ¶һĨаȵЦݣ˵ɱ˻ҪҪɵĻҲԸϲһ𸴣ףһص¶иһصΪе˶һ㣬ǾǸߵĺܽѣǾԬĵˣҪеѶɱ⣬ȻҲǣ϶ûУ
ԬĻʱһĨɱ⣬ɱϢָҪڸǲסˣԬ֮Ըһصһ𣬲Ϊ˰ͽһصΪһصһͬĵˣǾҡ
һصһοܲǳҶǳŲμѦС߻ɵĸֶԬ˴ιֻһĿģǾΪɱңѾ޵Ĳٺˣһ㣬ͬҵѺҲһˣȻңҸһڰĶһһֱĶңֻҪҧһڣÿοСӳ֣Ҿͻ
ѦүӻػԬֱӻеɻʱŨĺԩХѦүӺѦС߶ȥ
ѦүһԬɻͷųٴɫ䣬ѦС˼𾪵úݵޣɻ˶޹֮˵
˵⻰ʱ򣬵ѦүһеĹȣڰ֮黭һȦʱһ̫ͼɣһ㵭ĽɫâЩԩǵ̫ͼĹâ֮£ȻһĲҽ֮ԬɻС
ѦүõЩéɽǱߵ·ЩֶӦүڵģүһõ¯࣬ϾһٶΪõĴ죬ﵽһľ磬ҲС
ԬѦүУֻ΢һ㶣ɻһԾϣǹٴκݺݵ̫ͼ֮ϣͼֱӸ߽ˡ
Ȼ͵һѦүӵԴ˹ȥѦеĹȣסɻȻ䣬ѦүӵϷɳֻɫļ׿ǳ棬ֱԬϷ˹ȥ
Ԭһæֵ˵϶ȻŹƣ
ѦǹĴУôܲŹƣֻǲðˣԸĺ֮˵Źƣ㶼ޣѦүӺ޺޵˵
˵䣬ͻȻԶһĺ֮ٴŵһһ£սǱѾٴһף֮ǰǵ׻Ҫ࣬Ǻɫ޴תĸƵˣ֮вĺ
һ֪Ҫ˶ˡ
Ѧү߸˵ԬޣǱ߱һףŵԬɫˣһ϶ٴɻȥ
߻ûдԬϳĿ⣬ͻȻԶһҺߣæͷȥ׻ϷһţڵأеѪ˳һأܱΧ˼ˣҵȥֶҲǺ֪ʲôʱһӻɫ±㽫ΧЩ˸ѬεڵغüӦ֮ҿֿڵϣæӵ
һ׻ٴαǰǳصնͷ£ٽһٴα˳ȥڵء
úǱţҪܵĵĵϷֻܳȫˡ׻ϵնһһĳ˹ȥǹŵóѰЦ
ˣϵľԱֻųصŲ˼
˿̣ǰ׻ϽעȫϣһҵĻˣ˾Ͱ׻ϵΪߣܹƥҲ
뵽ҽŲݴԵӳٴǰŲ߰׵ľ룬Ű׻ϻʮ׵ʱһֱӴ߶ٰ˲ǰ׻ϵٶȷɱȥ
ֻоˣܹǰ׻һһɱ
ҵĶܲɱ˰׻ϾͿһˡ
Լֻ֮һʱ䣬ұ˰׻ϵ󣬽ҲҸ˳һͳŰ׻Ͽ˹ȥҪնΪء
ͻȻڰ׻ʱ򣬰׻ƺоʲôԵһسɴֶγһԶҵٶ̫ˣûȫ
һȥʱѪ䣬ҰһҽС


2022 
ԸоеĽһ٣ǿʵ֮ϣ֪Լǵˡ
ҿһʱ򣬰׻øо˱ˣһһǰδеΣУҲһ˲߶سɴֶΣҪΣ֮ǰ뿪ڣֻϧϼһﻹôʮ֮һ룬Ȼǰһգȴһ۰ϣһѪ䣬׻ϵһֱֻϿ˼׿⣬ǰ׻Ѿȥ˽ʮԶ
һз̫ˣʯ֮䣬ʮ֮һʱ䣬һ϶䲻׻ϵϡ
ǲݴôöûгҾΪ˵ȴһ̣ͻԻǱצһɱ
ֻϧ׻϶ڞųĸӦ̫һЩȻȴûɱʵЩϧ
ղţ׻նѾߵߣҪᵶ㿳ʱҲͻȻֵġ
Ѿ˱׼۾׻ϵһҽеʱ򣬽ž۾㿴վǰ߾Žңǽ֮ϻѪ
šү
һңʱǰһ촽
ܳס𣿡ҿ
ż˷ӵؿڵղΪϾҪˣǼһү̫ʱˡ
˵䣬Ѿߵӵһ࣬תͷ˲Զİ׻ϡ
ǰ׻ϵֱ۱նһأ˿Ѫֹն˵ϣһ˺ϵ·ڶϱ۴ȦݣȻսֹסѪ۵϶۾ˡ
һѽնٴ˹ڰ׻ϳͬʱмҪ͵ϮңŴ˼ɨǧһȫն˺üأѪأû˼ҳ߹
ǰ׵ĵط׻ͣЩĴ⹷飡̫ˣȻ͵ϮϷ򡣡
ҺٺһЦ˵׻϶Ҫ˵ôðɣʲô͵ϮǱթҪ˵ɣûܹȵĹһصߺö˶˵һ񣬱ȺˣôĻЩͷѾôԼԴװ͹أ
㲻Ǳסôô׻Ϻʵ
ʲôòԸǼֵܾͿԸ㶨ˣҹרʰġҺٺЦ
׻һ£ôܴţȣϷ˼·ˣèֶΣһָͷ㣡
Ҳø׻ٷϻˣֱһǬ˱ңСȶʱһɺɷƮ˳վҵһࡣ
ҿСһۣȻСȸϽ˽뷨֮У߾ͽʰˡ
һ۵үһܳסô
ߣ˵䣬ұ˽곯ǰ׻ɱȥǰ׻ϱնһֱֵۣŭʱ򣬼ҳɱ˹ȥǰ׻Ҳնҿɱ˹

һ죬˫Ĳƴһǣһɾǰ׻ϵд˹һһһµҲȳһӡ
Ȼǰ׻ҲùȥҲǾҵһΣնϵ˿ڴɲͣѪ˳
Ҹ׻ϽֵʱСѾ˼ΧĿʱޱȣɫС˷Ʈ˳Ȼɽ׵սӿ˰׻ϴȺˣȷųЩҪԶȰ׻ϴ˲٣ʱѦСǱ߼˺ܴѹ
ڰ׻Ӳƴһ֮˺ֿܿ۽ǵ⳯ĴƲһۣСȽǹų֮ѦСǱѾʼżŮ쳯Ƿ֮תˡ
һƲʱǰ׻ٴξеնͻȻһһصĳ˹һʮ㣬һĵڵϻһӣն˹Ҳ˽꣬һз绢˳ȥ͵ݺ֮䣬ųӿ֮Ϸһը죬ʯɣЩʯڵϣŽ귢񱼣ֱӳ׻϶ȥ˺ܿٴײһ𣬵֮䣬Ҹ׻һӲƴʮУǵ׺ݣжǱҪԷȥġ
ǵõһθ׻һʱҸûʲô֮ܶʮֵѣ⼸ȥˣ˸׻Եеʵ
ʮ֮Ҳŷ֣ǸҪ߲ɼˣ˿Ҳˡ


2023 һ
ǰ׻ҲҵҲ˲˼ɫǸ󣬿ܵС㣬֪䣬ȻΪزӲӲԵУʮУûа·磬һԽսԽ£⻹ǵǸ
콣һоŸУЩÿͻһУΪɱϵֱʱգѾ˵ھŽʽ죬ǰ˸Ҳȫˣ˿һз˵һƿһͻƣʱΪﵽһ־ء
пܵһֱҺüԩԹǳڣͻ֮󣬱ȫ⣬˺ϴ辭ҲٵʩǿԽһ˵ΪȫɸϽ˶Էֻһˡ
ܵҴĳصѹ֮ǰ׻һ˵һţʵҲ޷ιΧЩνĽϷ⣬ģ˼ҳɽһĿľ㡣
Ǻðɱ˵˵գһΣٴγǰ׻Ͽɱ˹ȥһл㾦ֱָؿڡ
ǰ׻ϳһ㽫ǵɫĹ˳ȥһؿڣһͷɫİͻԾҲһ೯˹
׻ͻʶҪʦַųһȻ𣬶ʦֱսǱ߶Ըˡ
쵰׻һԾ֮£һ˶һնǰ׻㳯һԶ˹ȥӺʱ򣬰׻ٴնɱǸܵУʱоѹǰ׻ϵնҿʱֻöٰ˲һһǰ׻Ϻİ׻Ӱεɱ˹
ǰ׻ϵĻ֮ĵУҲ֪㵽ģʮѲ⻢֮Ȼǻˣȴ꣬类ҧһ
¼й֮£һЩѹұ뵽СȣæͨСȡ˹ͨɹһЩ֧Ԯһ
СڲԶסԬˣȡ˹֮ͨ󣬺ܿжʮ߿ٵĿһǰ׻ϣһֻ֮ꡣ
ֻЩ˵ʵǲһ׻ϵն֮䣬±㽫նĻɢǻ֮Ǹɴֱӣǹ˵֮һڱ㽫Щ̵ˡ
ǰ׻ϿɱЩʱһ±Ǻ֮ߣ˷ʬߣŻ֮˹ȥ
ǻ֮Ҳʮ־ģӣЩΧĹϤײ˳ȥһĻ֮㳯ɱ˹
վԭһۿǻ֮Ҫϵʱ򣬽ŷʬ̽˳һ¾ǻ֮ϣķڵء
ǻ֮귢һʹ˻ڿǷʬĩ˵СʼϾҵ˸ڿٶɻϵɷ֮ǻ֮һʬ߸סѷǱһĸܡ
Ȼҽ⻢֮ȫǱ߰׻ϱ㽫ʮȫĻɢұٵıһȻն£֮£ֻ˷ʬߣһԶ˹ȥ
һ㿪ǰ׻һץʬ˵Ļ֮㻯һŰڡ
ǻ֮׻ϵ֮ǰҿǻ֮ӰѾʼЩˣ֮ǰǰ㿴ʵȻǱʬ߸˵Ĳᡣ
ǰ׻ϴŭ޳СȻϷĻ꣬ͽж˿飡
˵գǰ׻˼һΣ˲˰ëһΪҪɰëʬĽ֪࣬ǰ׻ͻȻһ˰뻢Ĺ˿ֲĻһŭſٴαϮ
ֻ΢һ㶣˽ٴǰ׻ƴһֻһΣ˰˰뻢İ׻ϵΪƺ˲٣еնҲ࣬ƴ֮䣬ҵֶЩ飬סĺ˼ʱİ׻Ϸһ㣬󿪴ģסе·ննʱ򣬵֮ĵ⣬ұԼ䣬ҸоԼЩмܲס
Ǻһ߸׻ƴһٰ˲ͬʱֽͭǮ˳һ³Ű׻˦˹ȥͭǮ˱ͭǮ󣬷ѳ˼ʮöͭǮǰ׻ϵļҪ˹ȥ׻ŭһǰһǼʮöͭǮʱȫ˵ء


2024 
׻Ͼǰ׻ϣʮѲЩֶλŪ
ڴȥһͭǮ֮߶˺ϴ辭ͬʱ֮зӡԹͳɹȻȫ˳߶˺ϴ辭
֮һȵϢ˲澭ٵתһɱϢ˳ȫëſ
ÿζҪһʱʹ˺ϴ辭ӳ֮
Ȼǰ׻ϸʱ䣬һɢǱͭǮ󣬽ٴγűϮҹŵ˼ȡ˺ϴ辭ӳ
ͬʱһֻһɢڴ˴ͭǮͭǮٴγŰ׻ϵı˹ȥ
ǰ׻ϵĺǳ۾ƵģͷҲûأһͭǮٴ˳ȥ΢һ֮£һ͵ҵߣеĳҵſ˹
ҾеĽ꣬һ¼סǰ׻ϵĳȻӳһƳؿڴ˹ȥ
ǰ׻ϵֱ۱նһ޷Ҷƴֻ΢΢һ˹ȥ
һֱ̣ӾһʽҲ˵㲻ʽʽһ½еĽſ˫һѱס˰׻ϡ
ϾǶһֱۣѪ˲٣Ӧ˰ģǰ׻һ±һţҲţֱеնҺնȥ
ʱһֱŵ˺ϴ辭Ȼͱ˳˺ϴ辭Թ֧֮£һǿ֮֮Եĸо׻ϵӶһ£׻һ㣬еնûҵĺϣһڵء
˺ϴ辭ǰ׻Ͼһ
ڷǲЩˣɿ׻ϣһֻץסֱۣǰ׻£ָѲʱ
˺ϴ辭֮ԽԽǿңǰ׻ȫţԼɡ
ܶҲֻܶڰнϾ
ˣ׻ϵܹƬ̣˺ϴ辭֮ԽԽǿվزסϵԴԴϵĴﵽҵڣΪá
Ƭ֮ҲϵתԹ߶˺ϴ辭֮ԽԽǿˣڰ׻ϵϣǿٵĳӿ
˼˲һӣұо׻ѾҪ֧ŲסˣʼЩɣﵽҵĵ֮С
׻ھܴ֮࣬һˣɱСӣ
һܴڸЩһص˺ܿм˳˹
ߵǣͷǼ˱˺ϴ辭˵ֵķΧ֮Ժ󣬶ʱЩ̫ԾˣʱѾˣǹһ±㽫˳˹һﵹҲʮִæеıһ²˵ϣ˫ץס˵ѣûǱǹ֮ȫ
Щûб˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ڵˣһԼͬˣʱ󾪺֮æ˼ǰ
˶ܹĳ׻ңʩչܹ˴ҵֶκܶһصҲ֪״̫ң˻װ
׻϶㿴ûУû˹㣬һұὫңʹͼ尾ȥһ˵ţһ߼Ӵٴ˺ϴ辭֮һЩ
һΣ֮ǿˣ׻ϵһͨ죬ӵɵԲڰѳֲסʼдӿҵڡ
ԬӶ챻ɱˣ㻹ң׻ޱȾֵ˻
ҳܿȥԬվڲԶţźɻǰĿţǻһĨɭɭЦ⡣
ץŵѵļһҲ֧Ųסˣһ˵ĿӶ˹ɿ֣Ȼҵϣ˺ϴ辭һϣǼһΪ̫ǳܿͿٵˮȻȥֵĴУһſݹǣȻ˷ɻҡ
˺ϴ辭ѾӵԬĽűߣȴǲܣȻеɻ΢ЦųһһΣ͵һ¾ͳ˹ɻڰ֮йȦ׵ĵطűдĺɻ˳
ˣһɻзɽ


2025 ͺ
һڻɽʱҾͳԹԬĴΪɻзɽԵʡ
˺ϴ辭ʩչʱ򣬿κζɵɻɢĺһֽͷһɻеĺĽͷڵ֮УȻȻı⽵ͷ˺ϴ辭ǿķ֮ʹѵС
һΣΪǳɹ֮һһҾûôˡ
ɻ׵ĵطʱɢ˺ɫ߿ٵƮ˹һɻʱ֪ˣ±ǰ׻ϴ߶ٰ˲㿪ɻֵķΧ׻ƺ֪ҵ뷨ȻȥƴйգĹסңٰ˲Ȼ޷ֺ
ԣֻʱ˺ϴ辭֮󲿷ֵ֮ǰ׻ϵϣˣ˺ϴ辭Ҳȫɻɢ˵ķɽ취δʱͻȻһɺɷҿٵƮ˹һ¾סԬɻ֮а˳Զȥ
סɻСȺܿ컯ΣһʼٶȺܿ죬ǰƮʮֳ֮ΣΪɻĿ׶ӡƹķģɻСȵ϶ʱð˰ɫСʮֵʹ࣬ɫѪܶܲϡ
СȣǹӶˣһŰ׻ϵΪһ߳Сȴ
ȻȱҪ˦ѣǶ֣޷˦ѵɻ֮ԽɻΪɻǣ˵ĻǣĻһɡ
һմаŵķвеĵɻѾʼСȵĻǽǹˡ
ʱҲ޷ڳȥСȣżĲУԬǱȴ䳰ȷ˵Ҿ֪϶㣬ҲգŪ㣬ǸСɵҲɻ˹ҵˣԺҲΪã
Ԭɱ㣡ŭһԬ۾оҪˡ
ʱҵļͻȻһɾʹʱǰһڣ˹ȥæͷһִ˿һ޴İɫͷһҧҵļϣʱϾҪ
˺ϴ辭ʱֹ׻ϵҲ΢΢һΣһԵ˵ϡ
ϼһﷴӦ죬ոԵڵأͻ˻ԴĳԶ˹ȥϻˤţȻԬȥ
ղŰ׻޼ƿʩҲԬпֻܲԼ취ؼʱֻ̣ýԼĻٻ˳ҧһڣֹ˺ϴ辭
⻢ҪҼ֮ҵ걻·Ҫһҵ걻⻢ˣﻹڡ
£ֱӴǬ˱Ƿʬߣһ³ǻȥ
ǻʹɿͣŰ׻Ǳ߱ȥ
Ҿܣô׵飬һ֣˺ϴ辭ٴʩչ˳ղֻʱжϣ˵Ҳ죬Ҳ죬һ֣һץһǿǰֻʱһΣ޷ǰܶˣǱ֮ĵ˻
СŸ硭ҰСǱͻȻһ
һͷһͻȻð˴İɫ
ˣȱɻҪɵˡ
Ҫ⻢꣬ȥСȵʱͻȻ䣬ӲԶĲݴ֮бĳһˣϿһѴ󵶣СȵߣǴһӣ㽫еɻ˳ȥ
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һ䣬ȱ㻯һɺɷ߷˹ֻһ±Ǭ˱У
һߣڸ׻ƴЩʱ˺ɫܿʧΡ
һƴЩնɱһصҲʮˡ
Ĺɨһۣ˴ѾѦСߵ˵ӰǴλүӺǼŮ쵽˷֮аɡ
գۼĹǰ׻ϵĻ㱻У˺ϴ辭⻢֮ϣʼеĻ֮ϣǻͣƺȴҲ޼ƿʩɼǰ׻ϣʱߴһԵԬȥҵĻ֮ǿϷӣ
׻ϣҾСӵ˺ϴ辭ѵҲôԬͷһ۰׻ϵ


2026 
㡭㲻Ƕ½ͷôϽ½ͷжйƶСǲšǰ׻ϸոһĻֱ˺ϴ辭סҪǻ£ȴֲҹҲ޼ƿʩֻܽϣȫԬϡ
ҲϼӴ˴߶˺ϴ辭ǻ֮ǻ֮ķԽԽ΢ˣҲӵĵʱǿŴ󵶵ĺӱ㳯Ĳݴ֮нҲˣҶһȻǽӺ
үˣһ֮Ӻƿ첽˹ǿ
ߣͻȻӴ˫Ȼһǻ֮ڱ˺ϴ辭ɵĸɸɾ˺ϴ辭Ĺ⻢֮Ǹ׻˫һ壬ڱ꣬⻢һˣǰ׻ϱؽܵش
⻢֮ոձɸɾ㿴ǰ׻һſڱһѪһЩԵ˵ϣһԵԬץס˸첲ûԵڵϡ
ҿ׻ϵʱ򣬷ְ׻ϿȥӲ࣬ûл֮ϣȱʧ֮һΪҸղ˺ϴ辭ҲһΪ˿̵İ׻Ͽνܵش
˻֮ǰ׻һֵΪʱõӯΪ־˲١
ӵĻתǣһ˵лλм
ϵ̫ˣ˩һϵƣǰǡЦ˵
ʱҿǿ죬һСȵɻСȣұллϸղžСҪСҪɻɵˡ
֮£ڰ¶ҲǮġȷǿ˵ȥ񲢲ҽ顣
δ䣬һѪİ׻ϣʱָƵڵ˾ȻҲŹۏ˻ˮǻ𣬾ȻҸһصԣ
ȴΪȻ׻ϣʵǱۏˮģμѦСߵĻ˭֪ȴһصɱĸɵĸ֣ǲɰǵ˼˾ɱҲǿУòײӵһصǲŹκһˣֱܲԴűǿɣ
ǰ׻һ㶣һĨһǵѪ֮󣬽˵ƣһصˮˮķݶϣϷ˵ûοڵ˲һǱҪɱ飡
΢΢һЦ˵ǽϻģһҲ˵ЩûõģҲ˵үĳҽ鲻ǳûн飬ǼҲһǾүĶ֣ɱ֮ûбǮĵͦǲڲҲԣھʹΧķ󣬸һ·Ǳ֤ͷߣִ£㿴
׻һ۾ôܣⷨṩĲͼҲֻһܹ⿪Ϸûа취ģֻҪ˵³֮ұ֤һ·Ϸʳԡ
ѽһŲ㣬Ǿû̸ඣһƴһءƳ
涼һֱǽӱȽͻʣĻԭƸǱȽӾĺܣһжʮͨ͸
׻ϲضԣǸվһԵ˶Ƕһɱ˰ɡԬһǱ쵴ȥɻԬУɻһָɱ
δ䣬ԬǼʮɮһصĺ˱㳯ǳɱ˹
ҳɨһۣղѦСǺŪЩҲɱʮˣ˿̺ʬأʬЩ̴Ǭ˱ｫéɽ˳΢΢һ֮䣬éɽ㷢һö죬ϺŵЩʬ壬ܿζ֮䣬һӵϵһȫɫëһα࣬Ǽ߱նԴʬ壬ȫëʬԬ˹
վʬȺ֮У㱻ëʬץסֱӴж˿ˡ
һصͺˮʥ̵ˣԼԬʣ£һ龰ʱŵĻˡ
ʮëʬѾǵȼܸߵĽʬˣƺƵĳɱ߶ʱһַΪʤľ档
ԬͷһʱɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ɻ˹


2027 һը
һȹһ񣬸о֮ò
ǰ׻ϵĻ֮걻˺ϴ辭ˣ׻ϵΪҲҸСһ룬ЩΪܺܿתΪҵΪһܴĺˬûгԿռ˲ٱˡ
Ԭһδһʬһͬ˹
ҪǰȥԬһʱͻȻվһˣҵǰ棬ϵ÷һΣʱ棬ǵˣ²һӣ濴ȥʮ׿죬һҲţķ˿⵶Ҳ
ǸƵӣԴǣһ˵еǺˣ˼ҵȷ汾£Ǵ󵶻֮䣬ϮˣǰʮصĴƬӣλ͸һһ㣬˿Ե÷һ࣬ʮֵ
ҳ֣һԬɻ֮ϣһ죬ֱӽԬ岽ԬվȽŸŴٴαϮȥһ˲㿳嵶ԬǶһЩؽΪǵ꣬ҿ쵶ȥķλǵ϶ܻһĹֳ
ǺõҽסҪ̾ˡ
ڵĻǮĴ󹩷Ƿͬһ㣬ҲǺܹһλǰֻ֪ǽһ֪жôǿҸоѷɫȫʢʱڵİ׻ϣֲҸǰ׻Ӳ֣ԭ̡
쿹סԬʬ򱻽ӺƸסˣʱܹӦˣΨ˼صİ׻ϣһʱתͷܣܵķսķλ
׻϶˳ӣǲˣ׻˵ĺãʮָһָ׻ϱɱˣһصʵձһĹӡ
ԣһҪɱ˰׻ϣӵˡ
һصԬȫЩëʬסЩ˵ʵ޷Щëʬȣвҽ׻ϵЩ£һȫëʬ˵ڵأڵ˺ҧеֱӾͱж˿ˡ
׻Ǳ˵ӣͷܣŲģȻǰ׻ܳȥԶӭ㱼ˣһеĳ裬֮϶ʱһ±㽫ǰ׻ϵĽŲӸסˡ
׻ƣڱеնһ裬֮϶ʱһѺۣЩոȫնȥʱѾ˰׻ϵǰеĳɣýǰ׻ϸ
˳İ׻ϣҲʹʲôسɴֶˣصķ˲缦ȻѦСߺӲȻЩȴҲܹǿס
ǵǰʴ𣺡ôˣǽô
СŸ磬һ˿϶Ըôһصˣҹˡһ߻ųһ˵
ѦСεСšӷҪҸסԾ͸һˣ˶Ѿ׵λүӸ˷ҲһҲˡ
Ѧλү˵ķķΧĴж죬кܶصڣҪǲؼ˻Ǻ׵ģѦС˵Ҿͷ
׻ϱ£ҽһٰ˲ȥȻһл㾦ǰ׻ϵؿڴ˹ȥ׻Ͼ֮࣬æᵶؿڣһɫĹֱĵϣǰ׻һƺߣһ±㱻˳ȥ˵ϡ
֮µİ׻ѾӲ콣еκһˡ
ǰ׻ϴ֮æתͷѦСߺҲϽȥߵ϶ʰ׵һҪȥԮһϻǣûʱչǡ
ҲҪСŸһҲߣΪʲôҪС죬һܲӡ
Ҫ֣ҪĹϽ뷨Щ˲ȫˡҵ
Щ̫Ըһĵ֮ɫҸֱ棬һס֣ѦСС߸磬Ͻȥˣ
ѦСһסĸ첲ȰӣСż࣬µģֻңǸϽ߰ɡ
˵ţѦС߱ǷķȥЩϴԸĿңȻġ
ߣЩŭĴһʱѦСٴν˷
ڴʱͻȻһը졭


2028 
ĿѦСһͷŷķȥǸո뿪һ׵ľ룬ʹһը죬һͷһͷ֮Ϸһһɫҹ֮ſȴ꼻һ֣ܿƽš
ҵ˹϶ǰ׻Ϸų˰ţ֪ͨһصԮߵǲ
Ǳ߱ϾӺһԼλָţ˭ܹԮأ
һ뵽ͻȻоЩвһ£æͷ￪ս˹ȥһҪŵҵһ֪ʲôʱ򣬲Զ֮Ǹ޴ĺɫʧˣ˵һôûһ׵ĺ֮
Ҳ˵Ͼӵн׵ĴѾֹͣ
Ҫֹͣ״ֻ취һϾֹͣһ־Ǳǿӡ
Ҳǵ״һǽףʱֻŶԸ׻ˣҲû˼ȥ۲ǱߵžȻЩľѡ
Ͼӵ״һƻˣһǾˣУұҪɱ˰׻ϣȻȥԮһǡ
뵽ұٰ˲ֶΣٵĳŰ׻ϷźŵǸطȥһʮٰ˲֮ҵ˰׻ϸղŷźŵǸڣǲûп׻ϵӰ
ղһл㾦׻˳ȥϼһͻλƵˣǵģҪң˵˼䣬϶ˡ
ҹŰ׻Ӧǳսķ˹ȥǱϣܹסȫ֮⣬Ҳûбİ취
Ҷһ£ԬǱ߿ӦÿӦƺͽӱƽʱɽ©ˮ⶯ҲһӺ֣ӦҲûʲô⣬ߣǱ߻мʮëʬӦûʲô⡣
ܹæǳҵ֮⣬Ҳ⼸Ľ顣
뵽ҽٴδ߶ٰ˲սǱ߱˹ȥǰ˴Լһ·̣濴˰׻նλƵĳǰ汼ȥһ߱һ߻ֲ̿ĳȥע⵽ȴûпңұֱƿ˰׻ϵ󣬴һ˹ȥӣҾ͵ǰ׻ϵǰ棬һֻŽ꣬һô棬ȴŰ׻ϵĵ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬰׻ϱҵĽǰһһѶͷϵ亹ͷֿһۣҪǰ·ʱŽʵ׻ϣȥĶ
׻һҵŵĲȻתͷңȻŵ˼ȻתҪߣһٰ˲ֱٴκǰһָؿڣ
׻ɫļⶶ˼£ˣ⡭ϾɱôιΧˣȫԬСӳ⣬еļƻҲŵģԬСӲôΪʲôȴҲš
ղ㲻˵һжƻôģôûеӳˣ
ղҶƭģȷԬ⣬һֱһصûǹ㣬Ҵûǹܲһ棬һ㿴Ҷ˳ˣΪĹ룬Ϸı궼ˣҪϷ˰ɣ׻
ڱ׷ɱңҲʵ
ǰ׻һʱƿԣ׷ң϶ǲŹġ
£Ҳ׻Ϸϻ˵Ҳʱ䣬˹ЩҵȻ֪һֱ̣ٴδ߶˺ϴ辭һ֣һץһǿ㳯Ű׻˹ȥ
׻һУʱɫ䣬ӣһתӾǱ˸סˣ޷һǰ׻ϵӾͳ߿ٵ˹գһĸס˰׻ϵĺףֲ֮ǰ׻ڽ治ΪԴԴϵĴ䵽ҵ֮С
Ȼ׻ϵΪ֮ǰһЩ˼ұϾǰ׻ϣһΪҲ˲ˣôõĻܷŹȻҸŹ
ʱİ׻ϣ޷ֹԼڵΪʧ֪ʹİҷһһ˵׻ϵİͻȻ뵽һ飬һЩʵҪҲԣҰʲôطҾͿ㲻


2029 
£׻ֹͣ˰һǰ׻ֱӷת˹濴ңһĹ򣬰׻ϵľȫˣݿ£˫촽˵⡭Ҳ˵
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׻ٴԵĳɹŭңұҪٴδ߶˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬰׻ͻȻ˫֣˵𡭡ȶ֣˵ٶҲ١
֣˰׻ϣĻһĭһȵ˵Ҳϸ㣬ΪҸ֮Ҫһ飬Ͼ
Ϊʲôɻ
϶Ҳʹ䳤ϣΪʱҪ˵ܶδԲŻԱΪ֪ܶδˣ϶һֽƣֻҪһᵽܶںδǸطƣԱô϶ҲͬھΣҶܸܶδΪҺһʲô𣿡׻ϳ˵
˵׻һ˵˵䳤ϸʱĲ״ֻ˵һ֡󡱣Ȼֻûü˵˾ͱѿҪǵٰ˲Ŀ죬Ǿ͸䳤һͬھˡ
׻˵һЦ˵Ǿ˵ûκôˣã
˵ţٴδ߶˺ϴ辭ʼǰ׻ϵ׻Ͼޱȣ˵ɱҡ¶ҿԸ˵飬㲻ߣҲԼһصȸ䶼ѾɱˣȫǵλãʵڲУҵλҲÿԣֻҪ㲻ɱңһж
Щ˵ȫûκôҲ˼
ҼһصŶûУҪһصˣôԵڣҼϾרŸһصԵġ
׻ź˼ԽԽ΢ܹϼȡҲԽԽ٣ۿŰ׻ϵѾʼɱ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻһǿΣ˹תͷʱ߶ʮ׵ĵط֪ʲôʱȻһӰǺӰԼٶȳһΧĿʱޱæֹ˺ϴ辭ѾûκӪİ׻ƵһߣȻٰ˲˿ȥ
ҸովȣǺӰͳ˰׻ϵһ࣬Ųҵ¹⣬ҲſķǸ˲Ǳˣǽȫһص
ոǵֱҸղվŵĵطӹǿôǿô̹˱˪Ȼסˡ
ҪǸղӵĿ죬סľңڵ϶ˤ˰ꡣ
Ȼ㿪ˣһմȾϵ֮һ㵭ĺ˪ҲͣĴ˶¡
ˡȡҡڵһϢİ׻ϣΡΡ֣ץ˹ȥͷһۣҡͷ̾Ϣ˵׻̫ϷʧˣȥɱõŮ㶼ûа쵽ã
ˡְܡǱְģֻС̫ѲˣҪ棬ְͽЩ˸ɱˡ׻Ϸֱ
ԼģԺҲΪʥ̳ˣһȥʡ㿴Σ˵
ְڱְôΪʥ̳ķݶϣñְɡһ׻ϰĵ
ɡվһҲûȥ׻һۣתͷҡ
׻ϵõŵΡΡĴӵԼնŲųԶȥ
ǰ׻ϵΪɸɾˣ˿һͨ˶磬һ׻Ͽ϶һ֮ڱ㱻ңɢ
׻ϲΡΡȥҲֻĿţΪվҵǰ棬ﻹֻһĿ
ͬʱбЩʱʱһǼǸϾһͬסһͻأ
һһֻֽŽ꣬ƥôûб׸
һЦ˵ϾӣʲôǵСֶΣסϷ򣬼ֱǳΣ׻û¼㱻Ϸնɱ˼ԺʲôϾӣǴղŸˣЩСѣҲ౻Ϸɱˡ


2030 
˵һǶ챻ɱˣҾ;ӡˡһ죬ޱ߷ŭеĽܵĸȾ죬ɫĹâʱޱʢ
ôܡһͻжɱˡҲ޷ʵƥ϶ƭңһϻǲġ
ţŭֱţĿ־һɨ⣬ֻһͷǾɱɱΪЩȥֵǱ
ҵ۾һǺġ
зӡǿ˲ͱҼ˳ٵĳ澭ڲͣת϶ʱһŨĺַ֮ɫͽɫĹâɫԹᣬɫǲľ֮ǽɫǳɹͷų
еϢͷų֮ҸоʹȲҪ
һʱһɵ䳤ϡԪ͸ղŰ׻ϵΪҲͬʱΪԼܹΪֵܹǱҪ϶ƴˡ
Сӣ㿴ҴʱģЦӯӯĿңҵǸģͺһڿһ԰СһĲмһ˺ͼ
Ҫɱ㣡һһٵĶݺݵ˵
Ц˼ֵðϷ뿴ҪôɱңҵֶζϷƣ
һһ㳯һһ콣л㾦ʽһĿɫӽ֮籡ֱؿڴ˹ȥվԭһЦеĿңۿɫĹؿڵʱ͵̧еĺУԱһ˦ɫĹƫ˷˲Զĵطըһӣ
ǳһдȥʱ䣬ҷǰܿߣеĽ꣬ǽܹӳûĳȥ
ҶԸʹȫȴЦеͬͥŲ̧֮䣬׻ҲϴеĺУϮˣĽˣо϶ҪһƴɱҲֻеĹһҵæٽ㵲ֻǺϵ̫ңһ㽫˳ȥڵɳȥͬʱҸоϢȫŵĽʱǺܿ쳯ӹҲٵĽ˱ӣҶʱ󾪣һٴη߶˵֮еǿոĺɫɷٴڶǿҵĺ⣬ˣҲ׵Ķ͸ˣ˪棬΢΢һбӴϵ
վڲԶЦһһٴγ֮࣬æ˼Ҳٴξ˽꣬ӭȥһһ콣еĻ죬һ֮һӽӿԽԽ󣬾ֱײǵ⡣
죬һ߻䣬һߺ
ײһ𣬶ʱһĞųվڲԶһٴα˳ȥڵأʱؿڱѵͷЩ𣬺Ʋأ콣ҲϹҵһţҷٴ˽꣬ŭ
ֶΣûиһģûеĻϷͲϷˣˣɱ֮ﻹҪ峡ʵ鷳ĺܡЩͷ˵
վһ±ֱӴ߶˺ϴ辭ĹҲΨһֶܹˣ֮⣬Ҳ֪ʲôܹԸ֪Ҷ˺ϴ辭ҲһܹԸΪһж϶̫á
˺ϴ辭߶ǿֲ֮ʱŲԶ˹ȥ
ʱоɰϢ΢΢ĵһ˿Ц˵ֶλǲзţֻС̫ˣкöãʵϧҲգϷһ
˵գƮǳһһɰɫĺ˪˺ϴ辭˺ϴ辭ܹȴΪѣȻɵһ󲿷ֵĺ⣬ʣ¶ܺҲҵϣо۾ǰ涼˱˶Щģһ̣һΣգۼĹ͵ҵߣһƣһ³ؿ˹ʶ䣬Ҿһƣӭ˹ȥ


2031 ˴
䡱һҸӲƴһƣһεշڰ֮лһߣȻصһô֮ϣǴһ±ײĳһб˹ȥȻֱ˵ϣʱһ˫ֳŵŬͷĿѣ֮⣬ͷһֱӾһѪ
òףҲŽ꣬λƵվٴο㿴վǰ׵ĵطŽЦеĿҡ
ղҪ鼱֮䣬öתǬжȥһ֮д󲿷ֵҿСˡ
վ֮ǵѪʳ˽űߣǿŲԼڵϡ
ǰЦһ˵ҵĺȷһвϣٸ㼸꣬ǰ;ֻϧʥ̵ĵˣҸܶҪŪˣͲҪϷʹɱˡ
˵գٴξеĺУǰѷ֮϶ʱк˪ᣬ֮䣬ѸٵĳҵĲӴ
־߶֮£һǱܵĻһеĽȥֵĺУȻҵĽеĺһʱ򣬶Ȼһâֱߴ˹ǵâƫôĺ֮ϣһ֮Լ䣬ҺǵâʲôӦǻеϽ𲧡
ȻҿķĺлǸеĽײһ˴һ˳ȥһʮԶ
һεĹڵأˤһΰأڸղǵâҵһûôˡ
ҸҪٴʱһֻͻȻ˹Ҷûп˭ֱֻ㽫һ´ӵһϵıӱ㻩һء
СŸ硭ҡһϤڶ̧ͷһҴӵϲĲǱˣһ
һҲᱼˣղ˵кһǶɱˣΪ棬Ϊȫˣ˿̿һʱûϲޱȣʵˡ
ʱһҲòȥǴѪѪ߰ߣҼֻڲͣĵѪ
һҲ
缸ڣ㲢սҪǾһ𡣡һޱȼᶨ
ֵܣһſڣѪﲻͣĻʱſһˡ
һлУ˿ҲǻѪҲȫѪŽħƣҿ¶һȿ޻ҪѿЦݡ
ڻеɣһˣҲѪ߰ߣҶһɱŵǰչ˿Ҳ֪ǻѪʳ
ɵһ࣬ˣлһŮˣǸŮգǿδޣմ˿Żȥǿ۾ﺬῴǡ
һɱϵİչұһЩʵסչôˣ
˴չղ˳ֻĶʶЩ΢޷ɽϵλȣƥ˼ʮغ֮Ƕʶ뿪ˣչҲһơһʹ˵
ûоȡʵ
˵֮˵ĺءɳ
ǿأֿ˱ղסǿ˵
ǿϴ˵ģȴؿڣһ˹ƶһѾǿ˹ƣȰչò˶١ֵ
˽˴ŵԤеҪ˺ܶ࣬ΪǼȫɱˡ
ʱҲŷһ⣬֮ʱղûи뿪ѡǿվһ빲Ҳҵ˸š
úúáǼˣҲʡϷһȥǣһɱ˱ǡǺУ߽˼
תȥһͻվһһɵŰչǿȥλ˼ʩȣԽԽãǼ˶š
Ӧһðɣǳţҽ͹ȥ֮ٹǡ
ˣǾûд뿪ҪȫˣܵиʬģͲҪٳˣ±ӣǻǺֵܡеѣֵ˵
ɲûжԣֱӱ˰չһƵλүӵķķȥ
ǣǺö˶˵뿪һߣôס
˵գеĺһһâǱ߿˹ȥһͻҪǰʱһŻ汼ֻõǺâǰ档


2032 ʮ֮
ҳǱ߿һۣǵâǱߴȥʱбﱼһðļһǶʦ֡
һſڱһԪӭǵâȥֱӽǵâ߽ˡ
ʦֵԪ֮øֶˣҶʦֵԪĻʵǿʯͷջбâڶʦ˵㲻ʲô
ϼ޻ʦͻȻǵһŲûͣЪֱӰȿ񱼣Ƿķ첽ȥ
˿̣Ҳͣչ˴֪ʲôʱһغˣһû˺Ǵ޽Ҳ޷չȻǿǱߵҲֹۣδԣҪ콫Ա͵λүӵķ֮Уҵĵǣɽ뷨֮󣬻ܲҵλүҲδ֪ϾǱҲķƣ˸ط
ʦһԪ֮ĺâٴһԪȥĲ뿪һâʦֵԪ׷Ǿˡ
кһûκԥֱӱ˷ǿ׷ȥ
һߣҵû˲ӻ˻Σٴε˵ϡ
ǿĸ֣Ǽ˻̫ˣԷϣǼֵһս֮ԵǽڰյĴڣ˵ΪҸү˰ɣ˿ҸүҲ˵˭ܴ˭
һϻӰҵǱ;ѵǸ缸Ҫﲻɣ
һкܶûһŮڵңҵİ軹ûбӣҲܾ˺󰡡
أԴϢƬ̣ҲΡΡָüĴһһηŽâѪüĴǾѪһеΪ֮ڣһñԪΪҲ˲ˣ֪Ҳ𲻵̫ãֵܹɽЩԱ͵λүӵķ֮УҲûа׶
ǵξѪ֮Һܿ˼ǾѪٵڣ֮жʱһůٵĳȫһҸоҵȫٴγ
һѹեԵģܹڶʱڱǿս֮бӡͷųٴ˺ɫɷղŵʹҲһɨա
Ҵһ꼤˳һ㳯ķ׷˹ȥ
׿⣬кһһͬסȥ·ʦ־ΧʱһԪǧһ֮ʣ赲ɱС
һһ𣬻̫ˣƴȫûϼУб㱻һб˳ȥ
ǡãʱ룬һһնʱýֱһֻͭǮ˹ȥ
ͭǮһóɢɢȥֻһ䣬ЩɢͭǮ㳯Һһ
һסһĸ첲һٰ˲ЩͭǮ˱𴦣üľȻѿ
ʱץһĸ첲һֱ΢΢ȻҲǿ֮ĩˣӦ˰ˡ
һѪ֮󣬻λƵֵٴξۼһ
֣ɫͻȻȻȥ˷һۣŵ˵˵мСףǼʮѲϷ򻹲ţһе˼һҪ
ʱɴܵûӰƥ׷϶׷ˡ
ƥ򣬽Ǹ缸ҲôҪһ⣬˾һʲôµģĨһǵѪŭ˵
ðʮ֮ڣҶȡ˵ţһеĺУͻȻ˻ˮ֪ˮȻգϯЩˮڰ֮зð˿˿Ȼأ֮󣬾Ȼ߰˸һıˣЩ˲һ˹ɱ
ȥʲôŹֵ
һ龰˷׷׺ˣͬʱҳһһڻܲܽ׽Һϻס㽫׽˵
һһۣЩִٵ˵ܽҪʱЩߡƥҲôףϾӵ״ƿģϾĸĽ£ҪǿźŵϾɱˡ


2033 Ե
ˣƴве˵Ҳûиõİ취ˡҵ
һصĵ˵ͷ˵֪ˣҾ죬ǰҵֵһ
˵գһ˼ȥٵָоеǹǽָգǹǽ֮϶ʱڣϸСڽ֮벻һϵоҲǲ̤ڵĲ֮϶ʱƷرɫ
Ȼ޷Ͼȣǲô˵Ҳףһܹϣƥ϶Ҳˡ
ҲһǱνףǶ߰˸Ѿ˽ŲǺ¡¡Ŀ˹߰˸֮ܶʱ涼΢΢𶯣񣬰߰˸˶Ļͼڱ֮Уʱ׼Һͻһ
ʱ򣬶ʦͻȻ˹ԪЩ˴˹ȥŻֱסˣڱ֮бȻأһűˮ
ıѾǺܽˣƵǲò֣һ˦֣Ͻ𲧱˳ȥâ֮䣬ʱײһıˣһ졣
ڻиոսϽ𲧴˳ȥһĳ˻еһ࣬һس˹
ϻСģҶ֪Ǵֵģ֮Ը㶯ǳǶԸЩ˵ʱ򣬶һɱʵԭҺϻ֣Ҳֲ˶ã֮Ϊʮ֮ڽǸ¡
ϻѣæ̽ȥһһл㾦˹ȥϻһſ˵ϣݺĽڻеͷ϶ײһһ죬ʱñɨҿٵٰ˲ͷһղһ޴ıѾҵһۺɨҪҶĿ죬ǱǱһ´Ѫɡ
վȽŸٴγ˻еһ࣬ҲǸո𣬱㱻һŸ߷˳ȥһɴߵĻвҺһֱ˳ȥһûҲ֪˵ΣΪͻԸң֪һΣȴֳŽ׵һȥ
ȥƥר
þѪΪΪΪǿʱʰ˻Уֱ׵һһڽ׵ʱ򣬱𣬸޷ƴ׾ܹնɱһ뵽æͶٰ˲һȥΪ֪Ҹ߳˶٣ҵٶܸȣһգ۵Ĺ͵һߣ䣬һĻˣһҪС
һʮ׵ľʱеĳȻ£û뵽ǣʱһͻȻֳֻҲǵϹֻ̣Գ֣г䷭ɣֱӼסеĳȴλϹƮ˵ӣŭ֮£ĳƣٶȺܿ죬ƽʵʵλϹ̵ؿڣ˳ȥֱλϹֳԭֻͣëڵأŤ
ٴγһ֣Ѿߣźῳ˼סһΣգϹڵϷһŻŰ׹⣬ײһڡ
߶˾ѪңΪҲʮֵĳÿƴһоԵߣĽ̫أˣÿһζײҾ;ҵڷȫţҸֵͬʱͻȻһз𾭵
Ȼ󣬵ȴΧƲ
ʱʮţ֡ƸĻԸҹʮߣȡΨ棬̰۷绯š
ԽԽ󣬺Ӵһ㣬ׯϣһʱ䣬ССķƣܳײһЩƮֱǰ۾һУһؽһ½ĵ˳ȥȻȥһ䱸֮ɫ
ʱĲһѪңҲͷһۣʱҲ˼һĻǻд˿˹ϱһ㵭Ľâ֣ҲûѰʱǵɵģôһõɮҲһӰӣģҲһУһӣõģڻߣЦĳ˹


2034 ùʶ
ʱĻкİ֮ǰϻȫˡ
߸ǸӰҸǵһο
һ߸ŵǺҾ;Щ죬ӣȫǴŲɮ£仹һƺ«ⲻǴ˵еļù޺ô
Żк⵭ӰȫǽӲӵġֳƮɢЩֱײҵ֮Уһ˵ĸоǴССġֳײʱҾȻȫʹ˲١
ҳ˹ȥ˼Լ۳һϣ赲ŪֶδԼŻеıء
ܿ죬дǵļùߵҵߣһĭСʵϻ
ȻʱĻвң˫ֺʮһõɮģɫƽͶׯأӷ𡭡νسɷλʩϵɱ̫أְɡ
װŪΪǼùͺһʶϷͻôϷɱ񣬷ɱ𣬿ҺΣ
˵ţеĳһ㳯ŻصһڻǰǼùеһʶһеӣʱһâɨӲĽסһâ
һ̣һΣֱӱ˻У˿ٵĲһ˲ƴУޱȣۻңʱĻУΪ˺üΡ
㶵ĿƬ̣оЩ˼飬ôͻȻôţˣ
ղŻ˳ȥڵأǱ
ҲƺһЩҲ֪Ϸʲôȴ˳ʱĻǼùеһʶչ֮ͬ
ֻǰչĴǸڰչϣϻĴ֮⡣
һʣǰֻŭĿյķ࣬ȴǼùи˳
һ֮󣬺ܿ˽㳯Żк߷ɱȥ֣һˡ
ұ˵ͬʱղʩŪЩˣ˿ܵǴССķֳײʱѾȫ˵ϡ
ʱĻиʮ֣ұȥʱ˵οֻʣһӰҸоڵѾ޷뵽ǵս֮ˡ
ȷе˵˵ӰӣǼùеһʶڡ
ҲûóȻǰǵ˲ľ֮õϵĻĲٵϲƶȥ
Ҳֿܹ񣬸ȡһЩʱ䡣
̶̵һ򣬻кǼùеһʶѾ˼ʮУղ˵ʮ֮ڽҺϻɱˣ仰Ѿˡ
¡¡
ҿǱߵʱͷ֮ͻȻ˼ףһ
ղŹ⿴Żдˣһ׵鶼ˡ
̧ͷȥͷ֮ϺܲʱҲͻȻ˷磬ܵĻĲ֦ҶĴ
׹ǲ֮ϱһ˺ڵҹա
ȥѾˣٹһӣһܹһס
ʱңĪЩ˷ܣ˼ùʶһ׸˳˵һλܹɱڴˡ
һͷһʱ򣬱㿴һһɫϴܰεض׿Ҫɹ֮ʱ״һϳǷֹ˶߲
һʱ߸߾ǹǽǹǽ֮Ҳڲͣ˸ž죬ʱЩҡҡλΣ׺ܹܿˡ
Ȼһһ׸ұһҺߣͷʱǻǸƤһ㱻˹æȥӣֻǻϵĹ̫ˣҼǽס˻УҲײ˳ȥȫ˵ϡ
ߡȥһ֮УѾˡʵǳŲסû˵ֱ꣬һſڣһѪ۾һգֱ˹ȥ
ȥŸղŻǰ⻤ģһΪһ˾ܸɷأ͹˼ʮУ㱻˹θݣֱӾͱ˹ȥ
붼û룬ұ㱧˻гһǱ߶ȥ
һ׽ɹֻһǱΪȫģԲ֮ڣȫ׵ַΧ֮ڡ
żٰ˲ұŻб㵽һߣͷȥʱ򣬷Ѿٵĳ׷˹


2035 ʣһ
ˣ
׷˹ֱӽбŵĻгһϵķ˹ȥеһ±ҶȥʮԶС
Ƭûе飬һתٴеĽԼٶȣһ
ɨǧ㾦һƾ
Ҳ֪ôᱬǿԵԼǱܶ˳һʱ䣬ֱʩչ콣С
ߵòͣΣֵסƾС
ʱͷһεķһȻը죬һĿ綸Ȼε۾ʱһʦϣףԽ֮
¡
һ׾ֱһǹǽǰȥʱǰ漸ʮ׵ĵطֱըһӳڵ֮ϻĵƮܶ඼ҵϣµĵ洫⣬ڼʮ֮ҶоЩֵġ
ף̫Եˣ
ôãһǽ׸
ǵǳ䶨֮ʱҳŸղվŵĵطһۣȴֲûӰѵ϶ֱӱ׸ʲôҲˣ
ǽҷˣһ༸ʮ׵ĵطٴֳΣĿƵĳһķ˹ȥ
ҿһʱ򣬵ʱ˫Ž꣬Щҡҡ׹۾ҲķͻȻһһ׾ֱеǹǽ֮ϡ
֮䣬һͨһеǹǽȻһһεĳķȻȥһס
ǵ׻˵棬ʮ׵ĵطյһƬڣȻ˹ȥһΣڵĵϣΧôһȫ׸ȼˣյž죬εΪ׳ۣһΣû϶
ô㿪أ
׺֮ʱķΧܹ㣬ּֿ׵ַΧ֮ڣ϶޷ܵģܹ㿪ҲҪ׵ˡ
Ǿ֮Ĳɡ
һͷһѾʼ׼ˣֻҪ˿ˣʣ׾һһףǶһΪҲǾ޴ġ
ͷ֮ٴ׹죬һը׹űһһε˺ҹգһٴθ߸߾ǹǽʱҸеޱȾʱˣһ׵ʱͻȻһϵĸͻȻһӰ˲һˣҿϴŵӵʱ򣬽űһľΪҲʮּɵһһصĸ֣һصĴ֮׵ϣ֪ʲôʱһߣһƣһǸ˹ȥ
һСģҾæһķ˹ȥ
һΣһұһߣ߱㴫һڲѵ죬ѵ
ڽ׵һϾ˼ϵֻղֱˣ޷ٳæҾĿеصһؿ֮ϡ
ΧĞųһ죬һеǹǽʱȥԶǽ֮ϵݺᣬըһӣһҲ⣬߷һ֣һ˹һ壬ϵ⽻Ҳﵽҵϣһһֵġ
ұһ壬ڵϹ߰ȦͣҷʱһĿѾʼϵʳɫѪðŵỊ̇ƤЩطĽһƬ
״ǿֹ֮Ҫһ
һһ˻һӣеıʹԸӣһѾûκλӦҵĻζһҡڣĿвкɫѪҺ
ϴӸղŵλû˹󣬽Ҳ˽Ųһͷȥʱ򣬷һεֳΡ
һǰһֱӶסҵȥ·ĳ˹
ôֵܣףһһȫҵĽ£ھֻһ˹Ļվܹ֮վҲȫΪҴ߶˾Ѫ֮ԵʣһǹĸɾʱҲܿ쵹
һҽһ建˵ϣŽ꣬ɵ÷һЦ


2036 ħ
ҾûʲôԼΪ׽ֵܣһԼǰ¸Ϊʹˡ
˿̵ңвûп־壬ҲûʱԸеֻ޾ıʹ;
Ԥϵ֣ȴеĻҪҡ
ʲôŻᵽɽˮ;ĩ·ĵز
죬ҺҵֵǣҪɥڴ
ҲģҲȥһЩʲô
쳤Х߽ӣΨսеĽ꣬һ
˱ʹ޷йķŭеֵܶˣҿһѪ֪ÿһ˶ʹȫھֻʣһˣǼΪҵһս
ǰĳһ˻ˣǴûһΣ˶˴ĵز
벻ͨҵĺʹӺۣңеŭӵǿʢ죬ԩʼԺŭ˻
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôӡ
Ƕ˶ɱɱǣ
֪䣬ϱŨĺɫɷģֻ޾ԩԺصҺһεıǽӺɫĺˮ֮з˸ɿݵֱۣҡ
ôһ˲䣬Һ֪Լ˭ˡ
˭ΪʲôҪ
̧ͷܿȥ˷׷׳ұƽ˹˿̵ң˶һĨѪɫ͸Ѫˮˡ
СӷˡôоҪ߻ħأһźӵ˵
ܵĴ̼̫һʱܲҲģСţղŸֵʱϷоɱӡӴһȫʱϷҲĶ֡һ˵
ˡһ󵨵뷨СħͺˣǾΪʥãԸЩνɣҲһķӡǺ˵
У˾ԲܸǷ̵ĻᣬҪնݳɱ֮ǸϽβڳ˶Ҫɱ⣬ƬײֳộЩ͢Ĺӿ϶˺ֹܶǻҪ뿪Уҹζࡣͷֵ
һеƾ˷Ը˾ͲҪˣɱְֱá˵ţǺ˾еȣ
˵ʲô
ҵһƬңֻһһ˹
ǵһ˿ЦҪɱô
Ǻǡ΢ϵҲȡ
Ϊʲô˵ҵ˭
Ǻ˿ңֱ˦ȥһһɫĹâѸһǺˣǺæеȥӣȴǵɫĹâһµĺ˺ü
ǺЩ𾪵˵Сӵ콣ôͻȻְθ˺ܶࣿ
Сħһ˿»ʰ˰ˡ˺ɱ˱ǣһȫħҲһĶ֡˵ţеķ㳯ն˹
һâϮˣ˳ֻӳһӽϿٵһ˲ƶȥ
ǻһնӭײ˹
Ҫɱɱ
Ҵʱ˿ΨһͷеĳһΣҿٵĸǻ˶ײһеĽǺ·ɱͿǰϲͣȥʱеѽǻһвϵĴĽҰ֮һɫĹ籡һȫǰǸ˶ȥ˱ҿ쫷磬籩һĽƵĲͣĺˣΧľ;ʯ׷ױеĽڿն𣬱ѿܸһȼ
ڲϻӳеĳʱҵԽԽңҺҪû˼άʬ⣬г޾ɱ¾ͱ塣
Ҳ֪ǰǸ˾˶Уڼ仹ӦǺ˵͵Ϯ
ųȫ֮£ʶ沨еһжƿҵС
Ȼ䣬ǰǻͻȻһأ⣡
֮ΧȫǽӰ֣гֶ֮סˣһ֣㽫еĳ׷˳ȥʱǧӰȫնЩϳҺȻµı衣
ڽӰ֮УǻٴγҵߣңңĳһƣҲ˳ƽ£ƶԺ֮Уǿӣ裬ĽӰҲΪ֮һգʱҵĺͻȻһˣȣͷ˹


2037 Ե³
ܹоǺ͵ϮңЯǿķ磬ͷҺ˹
ǰǸӣԺһ֮Ƕ˸Զ˳ȥڰ֮УҸ޷ֻýԴٵһƫǸȱҵĺ֮ϡ
һȴ̫ˣɳȥֱӲĸ˻ȥ˵˵ϣһſڣٴһѪʹ̣ΪܵĻԼԴ֮⣬ʹ֡
ſڵ֮ϵڵĺɫɷʧˣԴһɾʹ֮ҲָԼʶſڵϣ۾ʱһ˲ãģôΪʲôſڵϣ
Ҳôһ˲䣬Һܿ˹ҵļֵܶϴˣھֻʣһˣҲոձǸŷ˵ϡ
ղҺƴһƣȻ϶ڱ͵Ϯҡ
һȵأôʱϼˣǾѪ߶֮ȼս˿Ҳȫжȥҷܹо֮󼫶ȵ֮С
ڻָԼʶŬҪӵڵҾӵҲо쳣ļѣʱһŻðļһͻȻվҵǰԴһ£ҷ
ʦֳƺ˼ͣԴڶңҪվ𣬿ȴôվˡ
΢΢תͷȥ㿴ٴλ˹
ѾˣĹһ޼£ջѲ˱ɱˡ
ܿ죬ϷңҸΧм䣬ʦֻվҵԣ˷вƵŭ
ʦǷȻ֪˵Ϊ޷ġ
ǼˣʦҲûжҶѡ빲
ʦ֡߰ɡЩ˵ǵʳѪһߣͣĵ·ϣ̵̹ġ
𣡡
ʦֳٴηһƺȻһſڱ㳯ٴ³һԪ
һ
δ䣬еĳһΣɱ˶ʦֵߣһŰɫĺ˪һ˶ʦ³ǿԪȻ˶ʦֵߣһƳŶʦֵ˹𣬶ʱ˹˽ţ£ЦʥԵ³·ȻٸЩֵǲżǺܿͻȥġһ·Ҳüį
ϷһЦžеȣٴγҵԴ˹Ҳûб۾ֱĿϣҪס˹ҲŹˡ
ϵȾҪҵԴϵʱͻȻ䣬ͷ֮ϻֱϴ˹ȥ
϶ʱ󾪣ʱУȶʱı˹켣ŴǼɨ˹ȥһӰҵߣеĳһӣৡ˼Щҵϱ˺ü
ͳʱǺӰͻȻתһѽԶ˳ȥ
ʱ򣬶ʦҲһ߷ɣڵأȥķþǶʦֵԡ
ߣСŸ뿪ǸӰһŮ˵
һһôôϤأ
ڵ֮Һ̧ܿͷǸһۣһ۲ҪʱһղŽҾµǸ
ûҾûпǸ˾ôðģ
˿̣ܿʩչ󽣷ǳʱһŽ꣬ʱһŽӰ֮С
޷ȴǼͣʱֲô
ΪҶУôܹӦϺ
֪ʱ򣬶ʦֵͻȻСһҵӵ£ȻȻ󣬽ĺ֮ϣѦλүסǸķ¿񱼶ȥ
ʱĶʦ֣ڵĻ΢˺ܶ࣬񱼣һеǰȥ
Ҳ֪Ļᣬٲǿ϶ǻˣЩѵĳŶʦִʦ֣ͣͣ
Ҳһ϶ᱻϺɱġ
ǶʦֶҵĻδţɷĳǰȥʦִ룬ű㳯׷˹죬õǰسɴֶΣƮ֮䣬˾Ϳתһصľ룬Ƕʦֵٶٿ죬Ҳǻᱻ׷ϵġ


2038 Ĺ
ҺͶʦܹ׷ɱҲӵѦλүӴķ֮УΪǷǱҪŷͿھܽ룬ˣϵݽߣ޷䡣
޷Ƿ֮УʦִҲӲӣΪȫһص˲˷󣬶ʦִҳȥûʲô
˿̣ĵĻʼո㲻ףô֮еģƥóķ󣬳ڷϼĶʦа취룬һ߸붼룬ɶС
Ǿֻһܣڷ֮ǰģǵʱһҾͶڴӭдǰμӻĿˣĻҿ϶ῴġ
յĲУҲǵ֣Σʱóʲôã˰װ׵ĴһΪҪôɵ
һ飬һߴöʦͣƴӵĶʦ֣˵ʲôͣ£磬ֻ˵ͷǰ񱼣ţǰͻȻһˣ
ǰѺУ߱һǧʯۿǾҪߵʱһ㽫ǾʯǾʯ֮һźȻЯźֱ֮ҺͶʦ˹
ʦһ·񱼣˿ҲǾʯնѾ㲻ˣֻ΢΢ζһӣǿʯ˶ʦֵϡ
ʦַһҺߣһ˳ȥ˵ϡ
ܵػĶʦֹڵ֮󣬿ҲѪοٵСҡҡλεվߵҵߡ
һܵײʦֳ˴󲿷ֵһһܵشҴûмʦôǱ
ʦ֡ȥָǬ˱Ҳ
ʦֳҡҡͷԾǲԸȥ˿̵ҲһСȴɺҵǰ棬Ųƽ죬вƵŭ
ߵҵߣԶӰһΣҲ׷˹ﻹץһˣǸղŽµ
ҳһۣѾѪȻ˵ġ
ˣ׽һСãŮӦСӵŮˣΪ˴ˣ³еķֶ棬֮ĺջˮȴмɫȥʹ͸µֵǰɡϵ
ҿεҡҡͷΪʲôҪ㲻ġ
СŸ磬ŲܸһܸһҲáң΢΢̣ȥηʱ
㲻˵ˣǴӴ˲ҪټˣΪ㻹ҪΪʲôôɵЩʹ˵
ɣעҪСŸһ𡣡΢Цſҵȴһ֮ǰǰˡ
֮еһ콫ǸɱˣҪ
˵ţһƱ㳯ĺ˹ȥӱ㳯˹Ѫһ
˵¶־¶֣һƵأĺĴ˭ܹܵסصһأ
һĺĵʱЩԼ۾һ֣ҵĻҲ֪һ˫ֽĽӵ뻳У磬ﲻӿ̵ѪҵĲҶС΢૵СŸ硭ˣȴĹʵһֱŲ㣬վѲ쳾ܹĻҺԹԡ
˵ˡ˵ˣ㲻ġһҪšһ˵ţǵѪɲͣĳҲﻬ䣬΢΢ķΡ
Ҳ֪˰ɣ֮ǰһ֪·ҲϵĴЦ
Ѿ˳ҲϿδϮˡ
ҵĺʹʹ絶һ㣬ߵһǰ£ǸŮˣҲҵĻ
㵽ʲô
ұڶ˵ѾҪڶ޲ɱԼ
Ͳһ˶ϡ
ȻѾԴҵ׼ĺȴûҵĲϣ֮УͻȻִһƿ죬İֱϴ˹ȥ
϶һ׷˺˼ǴһʲôˣϷ


2039 ëӺ
϶һٴеģʱ˿̵ҲܵһһǿϢֶǿϢһرϤĸоǾǿ˲˺ܶ࣬ϢǺɢ֮Ҳѷɫ
ղųϴǼ׵ĵطʵҲ㲻ʲôǼ쳣ëɫʰ쵣ȴð˿˿⣬õһ麮
Щë죬ѵǡ
ұŴ˿ѾʹȥҲסͷһۣޱȵĽأһ֮󣬵Ӻڰ֮һСɵӰȻһֻͷĻëӣֻǻëӿȥЩر۾Ʋɫüëܾ
ϸһ£ŻֻëЩǶϻµµȺüɽܿ־ЩԣüɽĸͷɱֻëӲ֪˶ٱЩüɽĿ׶Ŀ࣬ǰëȴĿ㣬ĸһƵġ
ֻë۾ʮ䣬оһʮǵһ㣬һֱų˹ŲҲʮֵĵݣȥһֻëӣһˡ
Ȼ䣬һĽסһ£Բԡֻëҿ϶ҪȻô죬ܿҲֻһΣǺܶΣÿһȥѦλүӵʱסǼ䷿֮УῴһǻүүļϱǶһֱŰɫüëĻëӡ
Ȼ¶һѵֻëү϶ŵֻһֻܻһٶ꣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ֻëӵļϣֿһϤӰһֻɫĻüǸûϹ̡
ϿЩһֻëӵļһֻɫü񣬾ȻܹסһصĻĴ֮׵ϡ
ȷȷʵʵɵǰһһ
Ǳ˴֮ⷨУҿ϶⣬ֻɫüȴһΪڸַĲÿνǴﵽһľ磬ִüĴڣֻɫüͶأҪѧС
һֻӣһֻϿǻëӺɫü֮һ֮ɫȻЩš
ֻֻߵҵߣվʱɫü߿˹ʱЩŭɶ˵ȺȻҹӴģϹҽҪǵɣ
ôĿ֪ðˣŲϷëȫιˣ˵¾Ʋˡŭ˵
ޣһϹҾͰëιˣ޵ƽ˺ˣĺܲңϹ˵ţͷֿһۣЩǸ˵ӣԲסϹˣôһΧõķ̫һЩϹҲǷ˺ôſһӴ˽һҿҪˡ
ҿһһҲ֪˵Щʲôʹ޷һЩ˺ѷΡ
ҵĻֱӱ۾ֻӻ΢΢Ĳ֤ţϢѾʮ΢
ʲôˣϸһǻëӺɫü񣬳ʵ
Ϲ㿴ˣɫüſڱ
ϷǹֻҪһص·ֻ·һɣ˵ţֱӻеĺгǻëصĿ˹ȥ
ֻɫĻüȥһɲǣֱڿն𣬻һֻɫĴ񣬳Ľȶ³򣬺ɵĻһ⡣
ţɫüСƣǣ
𣡡
ֻëһؿڣֲһĻ㷢ˣһ˲ĹֻëαޱӴ࣬ϻ˼Ӳףһֻ֣㳯Ϻݺݵ˹ȥ
ֻСɵĻëӣȻģһҲŵĲᣬ׷
ֻ֮Ļëӣ࣬òҲޱ׶һ˫۾Ѫ죬޴˴⣬۾Ʋɫüë¶һ˫۾
ֻëӾȻֻ۾һ˫۾ӵĺ죬ֱӱɫĹâķ˹ȥһۿȥղվŵĵطȻȼ


2040 ɨһ
ֻëͻȻ䣬һ°θ࣬һѾЩԽˣû룬ﻹֶΣǳֻ۾һ˫۾âʮ׿ļôȼˡ
۾Ҳֲ̫һЩ۾ֱǼǹһɨȥԷҷˡ
ţȣţֱͶء
˿ëȷʵӦþүϵֻӣӦûһʮ֣۰ҲһֱɱһеĽࡣ
ֻӶ治֪үһִڡ
ղŶĿ죬ҪȻͱǻëһӸˡ
һֲֻ֮ĻëֳվһϿ˹ȥ
ڶʱŵЩ겻壬æسɴֶγԶӶݶȥϲûӳȥԶֻǲһʯĺ棬Ĺ۲ս֡
Ӷ֮󣬺ܿٴγ˻ëӵ֮У֮ϽҲٴγ֣ŻëӺɫüɱ˹
ǻëվԭһǿһȻٵתϡ
ëĵطʱȼһź̳ҷٶһЩϱë۾âȼ˲ͻһ齹̿Ȼء
һ㶣벻ǰɣôͱֻëӸˣ
ҾɲʱһֱƮߵֻɫüͻȻСڹǰֶַ㻹˵͵Ϯûţ
˵ţɫüٵ˼³һ㳯ͻȻԶϴ˹ȥ
׹ԭһתƻëӵߣȻҪӱ͵ϮǣֶαϹ̸׾ٵʶˡ
ֶΣҲֹһΣܹסˡ
ϹЩӵ֮£δܵóѣֻÿٵȥ
ʱѾźб˻ëӵߣӽŻëϿȥǻëмӲףƺôηĺУҪͷ̫ˣһӴ㱻ëһǺϣ˳ȥ
мսʤڻë¿Ҳ˼Уֻ˱ܣȻëƺŹ˻һ֮󣬴̤ı㳯׷ɱ˹ȥ·Աߵһôͬʱǻëһץסңǿôһֻһߣ㽫Ǵ֦ҶȫߣʱǿôڻëӵһִһĹӣɨ˹ȥ
̫ˣëһֱ֣Ʋɵеǿô֮ǰΧļľɨĺ˵ڵϣһգϱҳһ
ǿǰԵС˺ܶ࣬оûʲôм֮ڿٵĶ֮䣬޷ڳԸëӡ
Ϊӱǻëӵ׷ɱˮ˼޴ı˳ҪסЩڻëӵֵ¸ûκηӵأëӸûжһӺɨȥĸ˱㱻䣬ļǻëӲĸײ飬ɢضǡ
ǻëӾǷһʮƻɨһУƲɵ׷ʮǱֻŲϵıӣҲȫϹ̸סˡ
Ϲ̵ΪһϸߣϹȴһֱϣֶΣϹҲβʲôв
һĻĪʶˣʲôˣ죬仹иΪǿĴڡ
ڴʱһﱧŵͻȻ΢΢һ£˴
һҪȻ
뵽һҧһ½
ʵأǴ߶˾Ѫ֮ΪǿҪǰһĻ̼ҵ񾭣Ѿ˹ȥ
һǾԲһҪȻ
뵽Ҳ֪һһѽкûüϹ̴򣬱㱧λƵĳѦλүӵķķ˹ȥ
һʱתŵƮƮģǲ޻һÿǰһ쳣ұҪȥ
ټһ£ϾȥõҽҽΣһġЩҵ˵ţ䡣
СŸ硭Һ䰡ƺҵૣ۾Ŀҡ


2041 
ҵĽŲһ٣ͣ˻е§ĸһЩʱɫӵĲ԰ףһֱѪ˳ǻ䡣
һ̫ˣһĺĴȻ𣬾ϣ֪ᷢʲôҸܣ˵ĺѡ
˿̣ҽеϣ˷֮еλүϣҪҵǣ跨ʩȣһֻҪܹʲôԡ
ҽĸһЩƴȫǷķȥÿǰ̤ȥһ͸оһĥͼ尾ΪʱҲأҪһ־֧ңѾ˹ȥҲͣҲͣ
ˣǰֱһξ룬һֻ԰׵ͻȻץһؿڵ·˵СŸ硭ͣҪˡ֪Լ֪϶ǻˣͣҸ˵仰ͲҪ˷ʱˡ
ģ϶ģô죿ˣӦҪģҲҶȥҴȥѦҵλҽ֮ܣֻҪ㻹һڣǾܰȻڲҪ˵һҪסһȻġһȻġһ߼ӿٶǰУһ߻޴˵ţһ㣬ͣĹŴŵϡ
Ļ̿ޱȣ;ңûһ̣ҵĻôʹ찡˭ҡȾһˣҵȥҲԹԡ
Ϊʲôôɵ֪·һҪǰΪʲô
ҲϵԼʹԼһһ񾭲һ˵ģǺܿ͵ˣ˺֮Ǿͽ飬ҪҵӣԺ˳ʲôҲһ𣬺òã
СŸ硭Һ䣬㱧ҡ˵ţٴλһѪߡ
ҽ§ڻҪ׵뵽ҵһ㣬˫ֹסҵĲӣڶٴ˵СŸ硭ⱲҿǷ̫ˡԭңҲôģԴӡԴӿ֮ҡҾһֱ겻ᣬҷʼշŲ㡭յĹޣܹ㻳Ѿ֪ˡ
˵ˣ㡭ǧҪסˡ㲻Ҫ뿪ҡҶ֪ʲôҪ˵ˣֻܹЩԺ˵
ûʱˡСŸ硭֮һҪúûţҲҪΪұ𡭡ʱգ֪⣬ңҾѾ㣬ҲܹһһֻҪҡⱲҿǷ̫̫࡭㣬ӴҾͲǷʲôˣ쳾ҲܸһȥˡҪúչԼζҪúûšӦҡ
ҴӦ㣬ȫӦ㣬ҺúûţҲҪúûţ㲢ǷʲôҿǷ㣬еһжңԼŮ˶ˣµʱܣҲܡң㣬һҪЩ˵
СŸ硭Һ۰ú˯һôˣûһôҸ̤ʵȥЩɡҲȥԹԹֻ㻳һӾôȥˡ˵ţ̧ͷһۣ۾˸ҸỨ˳߹䣬ȴ΢΢̣һЦݡ
ҡҡͷޱȱʹ˵ǧҪ˯㿴ҡǺܿҪˣǰ棬ټӣܿ˹㡭
˵ͷٴαңԴҵĻ
ܹоﴫ΢սȵˮʪҵ½
ٴμӿ˽ŲҳǷķȥƴеǷıԵжʱһϲڴʱһֱҲӵ˫ͻȻһɣ
ҽӲվڷıԵ˫ֵ䣬ҵҲʼ׹޵׵Ԩ
ʹ˺ѷһ㣬ȴҲûҺʧȥʲôԶʧȥʲô
죬ΪʲôҪôԴң

ŭйʹıˡ
ӽһӹ˵ϣؿڱѵһѪ˳ȥٴοһۣ͸Ѫɫˮߵĺܰ꣬뿪ʱǻŵЦݣһǰǡ
Ϊʲôټһ
ϾҪ뷨ˣһûкúø˵仰ˡ
еĲҺʹڽ죬һԶȫӿ˹ҵʵܴܲĳأǰһڣҲһԵȥ


2042 ̫
ҺһΣұŻȥһֱܣһֱܡеҳܿ͵˷ıԵȻҲ׾ٵ߽λүӵķ֮Уҽ뷨֮󣬽űô
ȻҾͿѦСߣôˣ˵ϴˡ
ѦС߸ҲҪżλүӾڲԶϾͰҺ
Ƭ֮λүҵߣҽƽڵϣϸһ˵û⣬˿϶ܾȻȻͿʼùʮֶΣʼҽΣæ˺һ۾΢΢һЦ˵СŸ磬ʲôʱȢң
˵ڣڣϾȢ㡣
ʱ̧ͷһϲ֪ʲôʱǰ˳΢΢ЦȻеķ㳯˹
Ҿޱȵĳ˽꣬ҪȥֵһһϴӱһȣȻֱһһġ
ڵѪĿӿѵĸ˵СŸ硭ҡ
ҷһҪȥץסȴֲ֪ΪʲôԽǰ־ԽԽԶܵͷˮƣʧڹ֮Уʧҿĵط
ڼȵʹ;֮УܱһƬڰȻǰͻȻһŰײҲҵĹ⣬ʣŬҪƴĺȻе˼ͻȻȫʧŷ֣Ŭôãֻ΢΢۾ͷϤéݵݶЩģҲһϤޱȡ
ȻҾ;ʲôûȥ룬ȴģ߽ҲʱҲ׹Ҵ˿ŵѦλүӴķ֮еé
ط̫ϤˣֹɹһΡ
ϤҩζƮȥ
˲ҩζһɵӵһƮ˹ŬҪһӣָ޷ֺֻвӻܶһұ㽫Դת˹ȥͿһŮſŵĴߣôһ˲䣬ҵʶֿʼſ˯ŵô
ǵҶϸ֮󣬷ֲǣǰչСʦ
ƺǸо˹ſڴͷ΢΢̧ͷҿһۣҷۿͨ죬Ǹոտ޹ӣ֮һϲģűվ汼˳ȥһﻹţСŸˡСŸˡ
ʱҸоҵԴεǰľתһͷٴλ˹ȥ
һΣֲ֪˯˶ãٴ˹һϣһյƵҡҷҸո۾Ϳĸ˴ҵߣѦҵλүӣѦСߺ
СŸ硭ˡҸһ۾ۿͨ˵
һΣһоҪ˺ܶ࣬ʶѵġ
ſҪ˵ЩʲôɤɳƵһҲ˵ڡ
ˮѦүҲԵЩһԵѦС߸æϵһˮ˹нӹС׽ˮȫιңŸоɤࡣ
ҡ˯˶ãɳɤʵ
ˣ¡ѦСһص˵
£ôãһΪֻ˯Ĺ⾰
΢΢۾ʼ췢飬ѦСߵĻˣȻߵһ˵ϣͻȻ֣һƣȻҲѪأſҵϡ
һĻҵȻս͸оʹʵҺģˣʵûǸȥʣãŵʲô
ȴ˷֮Уڷ֮⣬Һžͳȥˣӵ˷֮УĴֹһȦҵһͻǣ̶˽ǳȥ֮Щһص˶ѾˣΧķ֪ô¶˴һڣصŴ˽ʱһصѾ̴һλˣֳܲңμӻдսҲǴʬǳģˣһϢڶûѹ̫ˡѦС̾Ϣ˵
һж֮УǾȫ˸ɷˣȻҲòȥǷĻڣ϶ֻɫüҲλ֪ðǹ̸򿪵ģһĻһֻëӣϡ
һ뵽ǣұʵûпһֻɫüһֻëӣ


2043 Ѿ
飬ѦСߺһãȻɫɻʲôӺͻüСŸ磬㲻ᵽӻûѹɣ
϶һ֪ԵѦѦλүһҸղ˵ЩʱһɵöһۣѦ첽˳ȥһĹ㽫ŵǸ˹ָүŵֵֻĻëʵӣ˵ֻëǲֻ
ҾѾȷҼĻëǻϵֻֻϵһģһǻëܱ࣬ʮֲֿ
λ˼ôһ˵ɵٴμѦүӽŵӣ濴ֻëӣֻɫĻü񣿡
Ӧһ˵ǲǳˣһһҪǼʱϵҲ
λүٴζһۣ׷׼ѡ
ѦүӲ˵ѵѵšǶţ
ȻСƺϹ̶ˣҾòпˣҪȻô꣬ǻʲôطأѦүҲ˵
λүү˵ʲôͷһۣһ˵
ҲЩ˵ʲôҲǿȥȻʱλ˼ƺ뵱ҵ˵飬æǻ
Ѧүӽ̾ϢһӰ˵̫ˣ˰²˹¿ɽͷӸæˣǴӹŹر˻ҲǸһġлλүӣ־һôû鷳ǣСҳ˵
˵ôˣѦҶһˣΪάѦҵ˲Ū㾳أѦҳ־ҲӦõģ廹ûпʼָӦöϢһ²µ߶Ҳż˰ɡѦүӵ
˵ţתҪ뿪һæֵλ˼ңһϻôˣ
λүӻعͷüͷ΢΢ѦǶ࣬صǰչһǺӣסˣЪţǻȥǣҲѹˡ
˵ţλүӱҴ뿪
˵ǵõһЩο壬ûаˣǻţѾ㹻ˡ
λүֻ֮ʣѦСߺ
ѦС߿һۣҵļۿͻȻˣЩ˵СšЪţȥλүӰæ֪ģӶ֪
仰֮ѦСҲ뿪˴˴ͷһɲǣ΢΢ʶһ¡
һŬ˻һӣҪһûУˣֽŻû֪ͷһȫ롣
СŸ磬㲻ҶҪɼСҪæѵ
Ӧһ̧ͷſڣҪһЩʲôջûʡ
ֹʱҲ֪ʲôȽ֮˵赹ˣҺС߸˷ǳȥʱһƬǽ壬ǲμӻЩ˻һЩţ֮ȫʬ壬ص˺ö࣬һƬ
СЩҶ֪㣬ҵһǸŮôˣҹʳ˿ڡ
仰һڣҵı۾һ˲˲ĶͻȻۿһ죬ĵվһ仰˵
ӣƺµʲô۵Ǳõͱ
촽һ£Ȼſǻ˵СŸ磬ȥŪԵġ
˵ţҪת뿪
ߡңôˣٴʵ
ҵĲУɫ粻һžִٵ˵СŸ硭㡭Ѿˡ
Ѿ֪˴𰸣ʱĵһƿȫҲҪһˣ϶ǲܻǵ˵ڵʱһǾ޷ܣʱ춼Ҫһ㣬ʱؿһƣһſڱһںѪ
ʱЩһߵᣬһ־ʼҲǵѪ˵СŸ硭Ҿ֪ʣλүү˵ǲܴ̼ˡҲãҲø˵ġ
¡ȥɣһ˴һ˵˵ţҵ۽ٴβĻй̵ᣬջҶȥˣ߻صૣ쳾Ҳܸһȥˡ


2044 꺮
ҧһ촽죬Ҫ˵Щʲôջû˵ڣ˵ͷת뿪ֻʣһˣҲǿģѾо̫ʹˣʹ˵Ѿľ˹ԺһֱǷ棬ϴӱһƣȻ˵һ龰ѪȾҵͬʱҲ̴ҵģҲҶ૵ЩÿһҶǣĿġ
һЩҾҵʶֿʼĲУԼȻٴλ˹ȥ
һѾ֮ˣҵҲһЩ֪֮ҵԣ۾޵ĺףЩҲûᡣ
ˣҲЩۣЩչңû뵽ʱգǵزңСѾͷȴһֱ벻غҵߡ
֮󣬵һ仰Сʲô
ҡҡͷһᣬ˵ûûޡ
˵Ҳ̫ˣȻˣûϹҵ
һ˵Щ˼ЦˣȻֻЦһ£ȴٴο
˺һŵСŸ硭֪ΪʲôŲˣΪĸ̫ԵЩһֱ߶֣ⱲӿҲ߲ҲŻôġ
⻰˵ҵһ㱣鲻ЩȻ
һֱҶŲµʱһֱи룬ţ濴Ļţ˭֪컯ŪˣȻ˶£һˣҳ׶롣
֪ܿ࣬ŲңҲᶫľ֪֮֮һֱʹ;˵ҵĻһֽѡ
Ƿ˵ִɣִ̫ʼԸᣬôһִֻŵ
ԸţһӶټ棬ҪҲֻһˡ
ҵ㱣ٴЩҲǸε˵СŸ硭Բ𣬶ҲãҲǰġҪѹˡ
û¶㣬ллЩչˣ㿴ȦˣϽȥЪŰɣԼԡҹе
Ҫ˵ЩʲôſͻȻŵһͷһվſڡ
ڷôһۣСĵʵ
ʲôģʲôҿһۣû˵
ɫ΢΢һ죬˵ģȥ׼ȥˡ
˵ţٵתȥ
һߣߵҵߣһһ˹ЦеĿһ۵ˣ
šҿʱŷɫǾ׻ǿֻö˶˵ģûܵʱһķҲܺã벻ɱɱ
ǰϻһҲȺ˹չǿ˵ıȽأڻûѣѦҵȫҳæǼ˵飬סˡˣǰսѾ˹ŹһۣȻ뿪˵ȥһصεİӣЩȫɱˣϾӻʣˣʣµҲȫˣμӻٺҲʣ˲һ룬һصжΪ֮𶯣˶֪պܿҪɽˣĻ̻̲ա̾Ϣ˵
֮Уа֮϶һδײһսһӦò̫Զˡҳ
˵ͷ˵һ鲻ò˵
һ㶣ƵĴĻŵʵôˣ
ǱֵʱѾˣĿܣ֮Уλүӻһ£ܵش£ȫϣ֪϶Ǹ᲻Աţһӣˣ˿̾͸ʬ֮ϣܵش޷ָǽеĻǶټҲ϶ǻɡʬͷ˴ԶһǸȻܶ겻ĺʬ治
⻰ʲô˼ѵеþȣҼʵ
˵ãĺܣǰЩһֱڸλү飬ڵĹؼ⣬ʬܵ˼ƻͼмصֶΰټλүӵҽôһϣܹǰǣɸΪ֮λү˵ҩУѩͻƤ桭


2045 ǧڵ
˵Ļͷһܿ˵ǽѩǰųһǰǽѩѾǵˣүүƶȥȥѰѩͲܰǻƤ棬ҲѦСˣù֮ǻƤҲ͸ڣⶼüȥˣⶫӦͱڸ˴Ǯ
СţɱˣǽǻƤڵʱǻƤɻǻģ˵ڵ˲ûнǻƤȥأϾһ󱦱Ҳ˭ģ˵ڻԼءѵ
⻰һ˵оôһ¶ͻȻһԸ׻ϺԬʱڵĽӺƣԼǿ춼ˣҲǸҰ˴æҲ֪ôˡ
뵽ұһǵɸ˵нǸ˾ڣڵܳʲô飿սһڵ˱ǿɱһѪ·ֱӳС·ˣĺ˵ڵһܵʱǣһֽΧסԬһˣҾͲ̫ˣֻ˵ǱԬһѣϴˣȻڵ˾Ͳֱصȫ˷֮󣬽ӲŴڵ˳ص˽ţǿ϶ûʲô⡣
ҾͷˣǸŵѣطͨ绰ճһˣӴһ绰ǻƤ浽׻ûУеĻҿڵǮȥǻƤ档ɫ
ֳΪ֮ɫһ£˵Ҹλүʱλ˼Һ˵нѩͻƤһͬʹòſʱҲôһ˵ûȫϣΪǶЩʵʣϾǽѩҵϣ󣬻ƤҲ˵ԡ
ҸոһϣС磬ͱɸһͷˮˡ
ɽ˵СţֻҪڣһ꺮ţʬſɳò֮ţֻǾܺټһۣܸȥɣ½ֻأαִأ˵ǲǣ
Ҷ֮һϣܹҲȥһԡѩͻƤ֮⣬λүӻû˵İ취ʵ
еУǱȽѩͻƤףֶ˵Щֻܴڴ˵ˡɿҵ
ǵʲôеʵ
λү˵ʵܹİ취ͦģ鵤ǧԵɵ
Щʲôɻ
ʵܼ򵥣ǧ꾫ڵǧڵɾǧϵڵ඼ܹⶼǿĶȥңˣҲһܹɵĹϾǧУôױշľǶǴˣѾ˲õĴڣû˵ǧɾɵ
ʵǼﻹ治٣һϵλмĵУչϻһβĲл꣬ڶϻµֻǧͷ̫̫˾ǧǶλ붼ȥ룬ǶжҲүĳ˵ʲôҲܶǶֵġ
ͷˣȥЩ˵ЩıȽѩͻƤ滹ҪѰ
ҳüչģٴȰСţͲҪ̫ˣϾ˶Ѿˣ뿪ֻתĺá
ҳ˺þãŵȥ꺮ƣȥ
ѹûãĺܣǺϮˣȥ֮㿹סɲ޵ǵ˵
û¶ҳŵסϽȥơҴߴٵ
סҵĥӲݣ֮£ջһ½ҸǺķ˹ȥ⺮֮ǰȥһΣΪүүƵʱ򣬱ǱǸط
һܶܶбĺվڶڴܸо䡣
ɱң˺һ·꺮һأһʯڶȻ㱳˽ȥ
֮һֱð˿˿Ҹһ㱻ĻоҪʮȵӡ
ǰһűǱ֮ŵıƽǰ꣬˯һ


2046 
ɽұǱȻĽҷһֻסң˵СţԴǷ֮λүӾȻұţ齫ʬ˴˴飬ҲҪ̫ϣ׻˵ʹʹһϣܹѾӰѳ֮յĹ޻Ϊ黹ȽϺãҲǶʱοѣһͨˣеһҲˡ
ҲûлӦǿںϵʮְ꣬ȥһ˿΢΢Ц⣬֮ʱģĪٴδʹһ¡
ɼˣҷ˺Աߣ˵һɣһҴ뿪
˵ţɱ㾶ֱתȥˡ
Ҿݣûȥٴοζӳ£Ҳ֪Ҹò˵ǰ㣬ʱ÷ˣʼµҲһֱӰУǻŻˡ
ҲһֱҲʹһ
Ҳ֪˶ãѾû֪̫Եʣ֪䣬ҾȻٴλ˯˹ȥ
ٴʱ򣬻Ǵԭ˯Ǹط
һʱգҵľƽ˺ܶ࣬Щ죬ѦҵλүӼÿҪһÿ춼ҪȺܶҩȻҲٲʮȫ
Լֹ˰µĹ⾰ҵͻָ֪ΪҼ̳үǿʵԵʣָҪ˶һЩָ֪֮ұܹŹչ򵥵Ų˼
һߣұŲŽŲȥ˻кһǡ
ʱ䣬˵˻ȫˣǳһ֮⣬µ߶
ǵҲᣬǰչǿ
ҪѦҵλүҽΣ⼸˵Уһǻɵġ
ٴθλֵܼ棬һﲻӿЦһ¡
һ˳һȫûԴǼû˲ҵ
ǼԱһҪӷŲôˣӦҲһҽΣæ
ȻǶµ߶Ҳܿڴͷһˡ
ʱǿδգԼܼҺѦҵĸĸڰæӦЩԱ
֮Ƿ׷׸ҴһкȻ뿪
һŲãбƵүģ˳𲻱ǾӣǸ缸ôˣ϶ҪҲ˺֮Ǵ򲻹ƥѵһŪһϣ缸ɲɣ
ϻǸӣ˰̻ûؾۣ²ˣűˡ
ͷȰ˵ܼһͺܲˡһ
㺦ˣ˵ʲôʱԹûУʲڶһҪҲĲ˵ƾ϶ӡ
˵ͻȻʲôʱסͣڨڨһЦʱŪޱΣԱߵļȫɿʾϻʿɶֹ
ǼղŶˣܵҵἰ飬ϻһȫ˾⣬ϱ飬Ҳá
˵ʵҸЩ죬ҵȷǺĺģǹȥһ£Ҳûо̫ˣΪһȫת˳ޣо仰˵ĺãɱ֮𣬶֮ޣ죬ϸһˣǲűΪһ˾ͱˡ
£Ų˵ط΢Ц˵ûϵѾȥˣȻǸ缸һֻҪţǿ϶Ҫһصĵ׵ģͬϻĹ۵㣬֮Ǿɱϵϳѩޣ飬˫϶ҪһݣǲǣҲǣһηһ
˵˽ס΢Цһ԰׵ǿ˵СŸ磬ֻˣʵǶΪ»һ겻񣬿㲢ûб壬Ǿͷˡ
ǰСŸ磬ֵǾ͵һ仰أ˺֮һҪ𣬲ҪϣԬСҲܷŹչҲ͵
Ԭ϶ҲܷŹһߣǲ˱ȥˡ
С
ǲ֪һصܶʲôطǽǺѪկǻǺɾҵġ


2047 ǰ
˵һ˺ţɵɣȳȳȴһ𣬴Բѵ˵ҪѪկնɱϣһصĸƣ޲ҪϸĽࡣ
ܿҾͷ֣ǻֺ˰۵ţ˻϶ӡ
ֻҪսϢ
һ£ҾҪҧһڣ㽫ҴУҾͽŪ¶ûҲǾ׵һּÿζҪʵʩ
ƻͬСɣҪܵļƻȻʵʩȻ˵ûɱǼһ¾ȫûˣþ˵˵Ȧס
㣬ڴϣŹգ㿪ʼһļƻһ˵¶˶ԾԾ޲ͱѪկ϶˳ԬǸ
һʱ˵硣׼ײߣʲô취ˣ۵Ĳֺһ˺üСʱֱļŮ˵Ҫˣǲֹͣ顣
֮ǻҪٵĻָԼƺΪ֮أֻˣǱĸ
ڳԷʱͻȻһǹڻе飬Ҽǵƴʱ򣬻ͻȻһºǱһˣ֣һһù޺ʶֻ˸ƴ˼ʮоͰһΪϻһɳ죬壬Լһ˾ܹſء
ҾǺܺ浫ǻģʱǸҲֻҺһĿá
һ˵¶еɫܿͱ֣Щĸ˵СšʱΣʱͻȻͨǸˣݵʱ״̬ҺҵǰǰҲһˣǶתֻأڶͬʱҲϱӵһЩΪԱǸùʶҵļЩģ඼һЩɢƬΣûȫ֪ʱԼķŽʲôٸһЩʱ䣬ҿ϶ܼࡣ
Щĵʵϻ˵Ҫǽϱӵȫ᲻Ͳˣ
϶ᣬǼˣҲⱲӺϱӵļصһôǣһֱֵܡе
ϻ˵ҾͷǵʱеģЩİ
Щ죬ǵһĶڿٵĻָֹһܣұԲùȣбˣ߶ٶȲ̫죬ǾЩеҲ𽥻ָһЩ
ܹ˦߶ʱϻͰչҲܹµ߶ˣû¶һȺԱ֮ⷨл߶ƽѪկնɱԬļƻ
ڼ䣬˷󣬸Ǳߵϵһ£һǻƤ飬ȴ˺ʧǻƤڼǰ㱻ڸ߼˳ȥһǷֿģҲһǻƤһС࣬˾һѦҵλүӣ˵Ҳ𲻵ô
ǱߵͦãƺͽͻĺܣƤûвƣǴ󹩷챻ԬʬָһѣЩˣûѦҵҽΣƿ֮Ҵ뿪ص˽š
ûɽǶԸϺԬǰ͸¶ڣҹζ࣬ǰ¶
һһֱܲףֻɫüͻëôֵģô֪˼գÿοҪΣʱֻɫüܹʱ֣ҵҺܺ棬ֻôõϢ
ֻëӣ϶үϵֻߣҲɫüһˣֻӻţǲҲ˵үҲأ
˼ţһʮˣҲȫûпܣҾͼһүģɽػ۵ǸɶٶˣүΪҪɵɣҲûпܣĺӶôҪʲôز
ЩȫҵĲ²⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
Ѧҵķ֮д˼죬һĺ˼죬һ磬ŰչɽĴ߶ʱͻȻӭѦүӣҲѦСߵүүҵߣ˵ңҳȥһү˭Ҳûиң˵Լȥ֪ˡ
һʮĺģ˷֮⣬ܿһַۣ֮Ⲣûˡ
λҪңһҳ
һ䣬һԵͻȻһˣһҶʱһ˲Ǳˣʦᡣ
һ˹


2048 
һᣬжʱһΪҶ϶ͽܵģ֪ҶϢҽ֪һֺ
æǰ˼һ֣Ϳ˵ᡣ
ٷϻͽأ߲ƣһʮӲĿʵ
һЩ֪ôشǰ㽩Ӳվ
Ҳٴ˵ȥҾ֪ûĵĶŲ㣬ƶ᲻ڿԼ͵͵ܳ㣬һƶ㽫ʦţԲǵ룬Ӵ֮ƶûͽܣҲûʦ
ῴʮŭһӲͣĲŭ˵
죬˵ЩʲôֱܿˣŸʲôѵƶԼȥΪСܹסƶ᲻ɣҪǿѦλҽϣƶѾȥˡ
ʮִȻҵͬʱڼƽŹһôڣΪĵӣ缺ԺҪǿˣ㽫˴˴϶ʮģһŭ֮ɱҵĵĶС
£ʲôû˵ҪŲ죬ǸԵĻҪԣһǴȥɣһҪɱҪУˡ
ţұǰ·󣬸ҽ˷֮С
ԴӼ֮ⶫûʲôɫ֮ⷨȲҵͽأ
ᣬʹȥС˵ţŶᳯǳķ˹ȥ
ڰ·ϣһͻ֪Ϣ׷״˹һǵĿңһᣬǱ֪߲ƣϢıյҵߡ
֪ģһǸǶһкһǶᶼûֻһ
Сš⡭С˵
û¶ֵǶɢ˰ɣøȥùҡҵ
һʮֲĵ˵
û¶߰ɣǵ飬ܹáҵ
ҡҡͷҵļȻ˱뿪ˡ
֮󣬶˵û뵽һصĻˣϣʲôףȻһû󣬵ǳƶ֮⡣
ŵĲһӦǰ󶼻ȴˣһʬ壬֪ûһľΪԼеҲΪǶеʹ˵ʲôʲôѾˣǴңҲỹֵģǷģҲͬǷģʵһֱڣҶβѣѾֲصĵز
һ·ͷţвʱұŶߵ˺ĸ
ʱ򣬶ͻȻͣס˽ŲһɻĿҵǴȥģ
ҴȥǰǸɽ֮Сҵ
ٸһ飬£ŭ
ղŻҪ˵ʦţͽܣȷҸĿڽ£˿̵ĶҲһʮ־ᣬͽְֺޣԸᡣ
ԽԽǾһҿ϶ǲˡ
ǡ£ǰ档ΨΨŵŵ˵ţ˽ŲٴǰС
Ǽסһ𣬾ͲҸס˵ĵطסһɽôһ¶ͺᵽֵزٴߵ
Ҳֱ棬ͷǰߣһĲͷ֮£Ҳֻøһߡ
˹ʯ᾵ֱܶҴǵأһʯź¡¡߽ǳ֮УʱɫԵúѿˡ
ˣʲôϷ֮ôסˣǲǾƶƢãɱôŭ
ᣬ֪ˣ档ҵ
һ£۾һۣȻŽɵ˽һ֮ڣӳıǱ֮ڵĺŵܺޱȡ
ῴںϵʱ۾һӾ͵ɵԲϵļⲻͣĶţ˺һ˽ŲĳǱ˹ȥ̶̵һξ룬ȴ˺ܾã͵ıӰ΢΢Щ
ߵǱԱߵʱ򣬲һֻ֣ĲűǴһ㣬˻ٴתʱ򣬶һ֮ɫЩŵ˵⡭ô¶


2049 Ƿ
ᣬ±һƴˣΪ˾ҲŶһжҶԲ㣬ҲԲҪǾﲻ̹ɱҲУԸǰס˼˵
ỹһŵģ˵ܡⲻܡô
˵ţͻȻתȥһѽ֮ϵȻһƣ㳯ĺ˹ȥڽԼ룬һƻЩЧһûκϢ˵ϣǲκõġ
ĲЩܲˣϾľҵһ²֮ˣ׵Ĳ϶ǽܲ˵ġ
ٶҲµûţһʼұȶỹҪѹٱҪԽܣܲһֱڱʹ֮У޷԰ΣܻЩҪ籨
òŴ״̬֮лָ˿̶ģٴҾñ˲ѣæǰȥһץס˶ĸ첲ȰᡭûõġѦҵλҽûκΰ취Ҳװ׵ΪѾˡڰ˳䡭
֪һ˵ǶͻȻһ𣬷һƱ㳯˹һ¾ʹҵؿڣҸķ˳ȥ
ƱûãĿǰ˵Ҳֻܹµ߶Ϊָ˲һɣǶһܹס±㱻ĵĴѪһڣͻ˹ȥڵ
ǶȻʮַŭǳҴһȻģɱңֻ̫˶ѣҲҪѵһ¡
һƽֱĵѪزǶԼҲһ
㡭ôƶһƲֻǶָһ˿˵
ûûϵһܳŵסҴӵϻһԵı棬ڵĴϢǵѪڲͣĻ䣬һƣܴҼ߹ǵӡ
δ䣬Ƕһ㵽ҵߣҵֱ̧Ҽ򵥺һüͷʵô˵ôأղƶ΢ЩͱƶˣΪʲô㿪
Ӧõġұ͸ʵʱӦңھǴңҲǻáҵ
˵ֳһ˿ɬͻȻЦЦ֮Щεıƶ᾿ʲôƶһӱϹ϶ˣˣò˸ӣȴֱϹˣѵƶǷҲɣ
ЩԹҲ֪Ҹү֮䵽׷ʲô飬ĵȷȷΪҶұҪΡ
ᱻ̼ĲᣬһһЦ״񲣬˺һ֮󣬲ֵҵߣʵôģ
£ұ㽫ĳ˵һ£ҲɱʱͻȻ˳ϻ׽Ȼһ
˵ЩͻȻٴαŭɶҧгݵ˵ϣƶƲȻɱҵͽұͽ
ᣬ򲻿ɣΪȥʮΣգѾƻˣ֮һġҵ
ʲô˼ǾΪƶ֮ϣܶԸϣѵƶȴУŭ
ȥʱ򣬲һˣǼֵܻһΪ϶Ҫ֮ϣϵΪʵ̫ߣûȫļƻʵڲΪҿĵ˵
ƶòˡ˵ţǶͻȻߵ˺ߣһѽʬҪ뿪һŵĲᣬæһ±סǶĽףᣬҪʲô
ƶͽȻҪؿʲôǶ
֪Ѧҵλҽ˵иĿܵģҲóͼֶΣǿǿ֣˵õĽܹһ뿪˺ʬ϶ḯʱǰˡæ͵
˻ܾȻ˵Ŀɵ棿Ƕٴŵʵ
ϣã֮һĻᣬҲȡģ㲻ҵĻҲӦλҽĻǡҵ
ĿһŽʬ·˺ϣȻһ½˦ŶƮȥ


2050 һ
ԶȥıӰұ֪һζˣھʹȥϱҲ˵Ϊ϶ǸȣһЩȥ𣬸ûʲô
תһ룬ԶͣһΪˣӦòɵĿŵȥȥˣλõˣ϶ûʲô⡣
뵽б̤ʵ˲١
ֻǸղűǶһƣ˵̫أȴҲҺһģҪڴɺü´߶ղֵǹݵģҿû֣ҪȻûˡ
ȶûãǾʹҴ˹ſڵϻѪҸ˻ȥ
һģֵܼЩߣ˵Ҳ̫ˣиǽȥǶˡ
ֹǣ˵˰ɡ۰ͽҶҲӦõģɱҶΪߣһʼ֪ôصˡ
һ˵˲ƽϢһЩŭ𣬽Ҹλүסĵط
ڴĹ⾰ٴܹµ߶
ˣֵܼ£һ죬ŻָĲˣһͣǸʰϺԬļƻҲһֱڲϵơ
ڼ䣬ҸڵĽӽ˹ͨһ˵Ҫȥϵ鷳һֱɱϳѪկʱŵĲᡣ
һֹҵҵľүôģϵѪկΪģѪկɲڵصĹկկѪկȾС׼ףһկҲˣѪկһǧˣѹկ˼ùƸ֣ǹȥô
ϽҳӣҾṩһϢֲһȥ¸ҪṩѪկľ巽λʵˮƽԼկĴһʱ䵽ڲѪկܹ㵽Ѫկƽͼòˡҵ
ү㲻ΪôҲ룬ѪկԽϣѪկկôȺˮʥ̵ЩˣѰȥѪկǸطȥҲȥǸʲôƽͼϵټ붼Ҫȥ룬֪ġӵ
ѪկͲϵɣҺ
ѪկĴڣȫһ׵׵կӣǲκ̤ģҪʲôֻȥĵطȥȡΧկϹ֪ΪֹҶû˵ѪկܹųˣһûС
˵Ӷһ£ٴȰҵүһһص˸Ṇ̀ȫûֵܼȫˣ˵䲻ĻҪѦҵڣϸ缸϶һɣһѵܹѾܲףǼþգ鷳ˡڶҪβˣϴγ׸һصӣָʲôʱһصҪʰء
ϽΪˣǲŻѡǱˣηηţһصԺ͸ὫǷģڶǵӦǶԺѣǾԲԱߵġɫ
ȻִˣҾͲٶ˵ˣԼģһὫҪʲôķ㣬ԼҾˣҲûʲôôǵطûȥӵ
Ӧһʾĸл˳һԬ
ԬǱߵӱ˽ĶĶ࣬νĽǣָ̩ΡһܵشĽǵָعӽ޵ԬҲǸɣ϶ɱһʢСǣֵ˵װ£˵еһҶ󣬺ȻԬ϶ҲʢǸС֮С
Ǹطͨɽ͵֣Ҳſʹʲôͨߣֻܲе
ԴӸһδ֮һصͣ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻ伣һʲôԭҲû֪ãǰպܿҪɽˣĿǰ˵ֻ֮ܳΪ֮ǰĻŲѡ
ӽǱߵõ˲ϺԬǱߵϢǱϾҪ֣һˡ
ȻһصһֱͣǱ˵һԬϺпܶѾصԼϳ֮УʵǵǲϣϴѪկûڸãֱϳҵһĻֱѪҲʮ⡣


2051 ݼ
Դɱһѹ֮󣬾һֱڼƻα
ǵҲ඼ȬˣҲʱóˡ
ϵϳѪկԬڵĽǣǶǱߵõȷе鱨ԬǱߣõõϢࡣ
㶯ʱȱһʮ־סǣǾǵȶԸϻȶԸԬǱߡ
һʮϾ⣬˵Ҫ
ȣʵϣ϶Ǳ߸ΪǿΪϵѪկ֮вǧ˶ˣϸùƶ֮ЩƵĹʦ϶ҪЩկˡ
µΪߣǾټǿܲʰҲǸδ֪
ѪկһֽȻѪկΧˣС֮£ȫٻҲǺܺöԸŪãкܴѪկġ
Һãһǿİ֣һ϶һȥڸֹƶ֮ΪɵģµǸѪկ֫Ӵ֪ô¶˶ԷжһǧڣܶԸֹƶܹ֮ƣȷܹǺ֮ܶǡ
һǶԸϳɹˣԬǱ߱ȻԬĻսթȻпܻ׵ǰȥͶ
ҪǽǸϵѪկ̫ˣǱֻҪһЩ紵ݶԬ϶õϢ
Ԭڽǵʵͬһ㣬ǽǵĴɣֵȽУȻҲϵѪկȣԬǱ˵ӦúöԸһЩ
ߣȶһߣԷ֪˼ȥǾӦӲͷУҲȶԸǱߡ
ΪһԬǱߵķػܣǹƽȥ
ܿͱȷǾʹ㶯ڶ֮ǰͻȻ뵽һ飬ȥݻһҵĸүġ
ʵһֱһʣֻԳϹ̵ɫü񣬻ֻͻȻ죬Ļëӣסʲôطûģʵ˷ѽ⡣
Ҹү֮ǰ϶ֻɫüͻëʶʲôүһ֪
ԣڳ֮ǰȥһү񽭺֮Ϸô飬ү϶Ҳ˵ˣϾмѵġ
绨еʦ۾ʦչүүӢܣ֮ǰȥéɽʱ򣬸үҲéɽ˵һʽүѲ٣ҲȫĶĿ
ҪǣҼҸүɽܹһͬȥѪկԸϣֻҪ˼ڣһССϸڻ£ѪկΪƽҲǺпܵġ
뵽ұλֵܴһкԼһȥ˸үǸط
үǸطѦүӴĵط࣬ҲһܴķүүȥһΣԼҲȥһΣҴûнȥүǸط
үǸľ巽λһ֪ģԼųֱǸڡ
үǸһƬɽҰ룬ҽͣһεڣԼڻɽҰһСʱŵǸط
үЩر𣬲ûκԵıǣҲʲôر֮һƬյأϴҸүʱ򣬾طӦòǴġ
һĴɨһۣȻ㳶ɤӴ˼ȴһӦûУүҲûиҸô
Ҳȫûа취ֱӽʬ߸˳ƾŵӡ󣬽ʬһطͲ֮С
ǿ֮άֵģʬȴԴάⷨƽ֮ҽʬ߲֮ûжã˷㿪ʼһŰɫ˷뵿ʬЧˡ
үСţڲڰܹһҳɤӴ󺰵
ɽ֮ƮһûлӦŸүпܳŵʱ򣬱ͻȻоһ˫Ƶ۾ڶңʱһİë
˭ү𣿡æתͷȥ̽ʵ
һתֱûˣֻзϢԽԽŨİɫ
ԣղǸڱ͵͵۲ҵ۾϶Ҹүүôأ
Ǹղžʲôˣ
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬴ӵһͻȻιһ磬ʲôȻﳯ˹һͷһʱһҲûʲô;һƬѩһ׵ĶХٶ̫ˣҼ꣬ǶѾҵߡ


2052 һͷ
Ȼһ˫һĶҵļϣһ±㽫ƷڵأڵϹ˺üȦ˫ƵǺܴҹڵ֮ҪٵķȻһֳ˹ŵһˡ
꣬ʲô
ҿٵĴ߶ٰ˲һ׿⣬ȻٴγŸղŹڵصĵط˹ȥ㿴һתĳ߿˹
һѩףϳǵʱĴ󹷣һǮŮ˶ϲֹʲôĦҮⶫһ񹷣ϸһֲ̫ͷʲôĦҮ˺üȦ۾ֵεģʮ׶ĿԣǶԵʮ͡
ȥôһǣһһǣүүķ֮ôޣ
һҲֱӼ˽꣬ǰ˵ѽСү档
˵䣬һɨǧ㳯ͷǺɨ˳ȥȻͷƺܹ˵Ļҳ֮ǰһҵĹΧһٴγɱȻһΣǰǲٸҿֱſ˴죬Ҳӵķҧ˹
ǻͦѲѩףһ˿ëһܹϸܵһЩͷëЩеġ
תۼĹұٴٰ˲ˣһΣǰͣ˾׵ĵطʼҶţҲòСľ˫սеĽ꣬ͷͷһĶʱͷͻȻһͳƺ𣬶ȻʧˣȻžϮһ˫צӾʹҵļϡ
ȥôģ
ǰ¿ڣҴٴ뿪ʱͻȻһϤ׸硭ԼˣĪҪ֡
仰֮ǰǴҼϵצӲŷһӰһתȥ㿴Ҹү֪ʲôʱҵ󣬶ͷղŶԸҵİѾﵽ˸үԣſڵϣԴõү䣬үһֻ֣ǰǵԴǰǺĵͺ֮ŽͣҵĿɳ˵⡣
ү´ֱۣʵСŰûУ
ˣлүЦ˵ԭǰʱ䷢Ǽ֪ΪʲôʱûгǸطǣֻҪү棬˵Ҳ˼ҵĶ֡
ү˵ͷ˵ҲָĲϴѦҷǼ飬үҲº֪ģ˵ǶţѦҵӦүҲûٹȥҿ϶ʲôɣ
ҵĿһֱû뿪үߵͷǣһ£ŵүͷģһҾͱǸʰˡ
ⲻģǱѣһҳŵʱ򣬱ؼңղС÷ʬ󣬰׸ûһҧѾܿˡһ˵үЩЦ⣬ŸǰǵԴ˵
ǰ΢΢۾ʮõģ
룬ֲһ˶ƺҼҸүΪϹǶԭҲԭģܾΪҸүһͷǵԵʡ
ҵ˵ͷүιһǳҪҪѯġ
үüͷһɫС˵
һѦҵĻϣһصֽɱ·˴룬ǼҲȫ˴ү϶Ѿ֪顣ҵ
ү˵ͷûֻʾҽ˵
Ȼұүѵûδϵ»𣿡ǲֻɫüֳˣүƺϵʲôſڱ
šӦһֵֻɫüˣһֻëӣ֮࣬ϻкףүʶǻëӣ
ССƣүһҵǰץסҵĸ첲Щ˵ӣֻëӣ
ǼˣֻëӻһǻߵģҪͻȻ֣Ϳˡҳ
үɫ䣬һŵүʶֻëӣֻëүߵģںܶǰүһͬʧˣ֮ҲûмǵӰ֪ǵҵү뿪ʱϢߵģûиκˣҲ֪䣬Ҳ֪


2053 ܱ¶ʵ
үô˵үпܻţҲЩʵ
үҡҡͷ˵ҾͲö֪ˣ˼һţΪʲôٳٶһأЩүҲһֱѰǵټǸûаϢüζϹ̣Ϊʲôȥһأ
һ£ǰüζˣΪʲôԼһأ
ҳƬ̣ŵÿϹֵ̳ʱҶ֮ʣϹ̴ҴҶҴҶȥҸûʲôῪڣܹҲû˵仰ԡҷֱ
үһŵҾ͵ֻǸ˵飿
ҡҡͷ˵һ飬ϣүְܳæҶԸһصϣСҪϵѪկ
ү۾һУɨһۣԵЩԾһŵ㶼ˣ
ţ˵ʲôҲҪɱϣΪһƴҵŮˣҪ𣡡һ飬Ҿͻɱı¶˳
үʱҵļζ˵жг𱨳ԹԹӹɵģӣʲôͷȥɣȻ㴳ͷˣǳܵĥ࣬ȴ̹ģǸүϰ㣬ɱ֮Ӧ˳ˣ㹻⣬ÿζҪ˰㣬ʲôʱܹɳ黹ȽϺáߣүҲѾ˳ʮˣЩǱУֻΪͻƸһľ磬ҲϾ˼ǵΣ֮ʣүŻ֣ڻҪϵĥԼȻһصףȴү¶ԼʵʱԺǻңһҪס
ү˵ƺʲôүǲңҪһص֪ڵʵʱճأ׶Ҹүγԣ˿үҲԼļƻү϶ҪҸҪҲΪԼߵȥŸүǱߵļƻ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣҵԼͺá
ϴΪүʱ֣Ǹڵ˵ЩֹѪկйʦʮײУҪԸѪկϱҪܵļƻֻȡǿදӣܻûģ֪үЩĵ˵
ллүСŽģھ뿪ˣҵ
߰ɣΪҲͦˣСֵҲ˵Ǻлҹ˵ĵӣһéٿûǻܳΪѣҲһ컯ȥȥɡѾ˵¡ү
ҸүȻͷȥߵʱ򣬸үνĿھһǧҪ÷ʬˣŪõķ󣬻ʮ鷳
Ҽǵøүϴκ߹ν˼ҳֻǸʱЩֱӸˡ
ӸүǱ뿪ֱ֮Ӿͻ˺Ҷȣϣ˱½뿪뿪ĵطǴѦҩڵǸǴӷ֮һţϢ뿪ġ
ǲ֪Ѿ뿪˴˴й¶ǵ١
˵ҶȸһصǱ̽ӣʱעǵ١
ʱҵĳûҿǳ̫ҡˣֻҪһȻ˵ע⡣
Ǵӷ뿪֮һ·ʮأһʮƫƧСǰǷһһˣֱӱ㷢˳ӣ뿪˴˴һ·ŵϵķȥֱַһһҹ֮ǲŵ˵ʡ߾һС֮С
뿪߾СǣڵĽҲǴ·ͨصͷֱӴ뿪ȻǱԽϾڣЩͷҲڵˣǵ漰иҵҲǵһӪò˵ͨ
ۼڵ˸һصΪУҲͳǡ
ЩͷǴԽϾ֮ߵ·һƬïܵԭʼɭ֣ʪȣֶ࣬ӱȲӬĸͷҧһϴһǽǴ˴֮󣬱㲻ٴǼǰˣΪ˵ͨѪկ·ϣһ·֮кܶկӣЩկ˶磬ϲӴһ̤ǵΧ֮ڣǾͻΪǶǵðĲ֮¹ƣһǶƵУͨѪկ·ϣвկƲģǲҸһ·ˣͨѪկ·ֻԼ
Ҳûǿֱȥˡ


2054 
ڣ֮ǰ˴н·ߣֻҪ˳·һֱ߾ˣܹҵǸط
ϲǴָ룬ܹҹͨеĴãȻη塣
ڽƬԭʼȴ֮Ҳװһ϶ԱĿʾˡ
װĶ󣬻ǽӸṩģ˵һЩ͵͵˽ƷĶƬ֮߶Ȼͻװǵӣǳ֮ǰǻѦСϵƤţ¸ǼһƤߣҲ˼ٷ˻֮󣬱˴˶оʮİ˵ֱ治Է˭
Ƥŵû˵ֻ֮ǰЩƤͱõĲˡ
ƤãǴĴ̫࣬ܶ˶ܹϳ˭ﻹá
һˣããԭʼɭ֮Уһ˺ü죬ӰûпߵĶ˸оЩˡ
ͷ۵ֶ̫ˣˮнܹѪ󨣬Ϸɵӡݴﵽصĸֶ߶桭˲ʤ䷳ȵʰˮʥ֮Ĵ·Ҫߡ
ڣһߣǧƸ˳ǧϵϢչ¶֮һ·֮ϲ徻˺ܶࡣ
ҲҽǧƳʱ䱩¶⣬ϾƬɽ֮УкܶկȻһûϣƵЩˣڹֶʮУǧϵϢЩʦ׾ܹо𸽽կ˶ǲ⣬һʱǶôǧƸųֻͿĨһЩѦС߸ǵķζҩͿĨϣϾǧƺȳҹˣǲܹ̤̤ʵʵ˯һȾ
Ҳеʱ䣬һδսҲ˵ĲᣬҪͨϵвֲһЩԵϢ
ֵĻǧƣĶ̫ˣԶԲǧƷɹĵطƬƬĶ˵ĵڵϣȫǱǧƸ˶Һ֮ġ
СŸͷɱʮֲֿġ
֮в˵ʱһһˣһ˴ԼʮֱһƾɵԲʷǻʮƥŻô߹
ʱǼþۼһҴǬ˱óʳһֻҰּĿյտЩ˾͹ˡ
ʵԶʱǾѾЩ˵Ĵڣǲûж㿪ҪֻҰ쿾ˣǲ÷ζߣҲη壬Ҳ뿴Щ˵Ǹɶġ
Щ˴˳׷׳߿˹ЩһɫͲƣ˵Щƣб۾ȥƤܺڣһǳ꾭ܷ紵ɹ
ԭʼ֮УһȺˣҲ֪ǿ϶ɵĲʲôӪ
ڳ߿ʱҲڿǡ
ԭΪǿֱӾ͸ǲ뿪ǼԶԶ˵˼仰㳯˹
£˱㾯ʹһɫӦ䡣
ǰŵһһʮĺӣƤڣľݣϵĹĵģϻкü̺ۣɷһ㣬߻һװͷһ˹
Żʮ׵ľ룬ǾݺӱЦеԽϻǴһкϧǶȴ֪õʲôڸǽʱǱȥԽϡ
һӣǾݺӽһڴĺ˵ǻˣ
ǵģǴӵϹġɿ˵
˵䣬ǾݺӵЩǣֱߵߣֱӽǸŰΧˣǳ˽䱸
߻ˣǾݵĺʵ
仰Щŵˣ߻Ȼ˵ķ˶Ʒָ͵ɣܶ໪ķ˴¶ˣòЩط¿ʼµ
Ƽˮ꣬Щ黹ǲҪ˵̫ɣ·죬ǸһߣɡҲøǳƤֱӾѾʼôˡ
ܵ˶Էϵĵ⡣
ЩҪǵ⣬ǻͱˡ
ǾݺɭɭһЦҰһڣʮģȻ˵λֵܣҰ⿾Ĳô٣϶Բ꣬ƼˮԵ֣ҲûгԷܷܲһǣ
˵ȴǺһЦ˵Ǻðһԡ


2055 ҪѰ·
һҲڣǾԼǱ˶࣬ʮˣֻԿԶ٣ҵԼ۲ǵʱ򣬷ǵĹңǴǹģƥϵĴиǿɱԵ
һƬģЩ˸Ͻ뿪ǲ鷳Ҳǡ
ǶԷԸҪоͲˣղǺǺһЦżɭ֮⣬˼˵ȻҲǡ
˵\ӶʱһЦк˵ֵǣˡ
δ䣬Ⱥ˻ĳ˹Щ˵Ҳ׷״óذףͷҰж˿飬һĹͷҰ㱻Ǹ˴룬ؼǻȽϺóԵһָŪˡ
λֵܵɫһǰЩ˶ǿһ㣬룬Ѿģǳ԰ɣп͡
Щ˴õʱ\װͷȴǺٺһЦҲһذףߵҰԱߣҰϸһ⣬ͳ˹ΪǵͷͷԶȣһߵݹȥǿ⣬һ߿˵ֵܡ⣬ȳԣˡٺ١
ʱҺһɵߣɸҪȥӣһԵһȴֽӹǿ⣬΢Ц˵ϸ磬Ƽˮ꣬һͶְɣ
װͷ۾һУһ£˵ԭλز©ôģ
Ҳ̫ˣһСĴָָôװȫǹƷ۰ɣﻹڣȰһ䣬·죬һߣ˭ҲҲڣľ档һ
һ˵꣬ұ㳯ͷһۣһ˵һСĴָָϸĶȷһλʦҪɫĽȫŷڵأˣһֺı
һ˵ͷ΢΢鶯Цһٵ˼Щڳ˺ܿͶе⣬Ľеǹȫ˳׼ǡ
һʹģˬһƫƫӣǾֻüѪˡ\װͷ
ȰǮóʡԼҡ\ݺһЦ¶һڴ
ǮأСүеǣϧûãԼ͹ֲˡһ
Ǻݺӿһŭͷ˻Ӳɱǣ
ΧʮҪǹеշ䰵ţۿҪųγϵʱ˶û뵽鷢ˣЩǹĺͻȻ׵һȫ˵ϣʱȫ鴤°ĭģʮҡ
\ݺӺǹʦһ׷׺ˣ\ݺӱһǹߴ˹˵ʱʱ죬ǹһٰ˲ߣеĽ˳ƶһ±㽫㽫\ݺǹָն
ǼһһҺ۵ķɱһĺУŲѪֵ˵ϡ
ǹʦһͻȻһѹƷۣȻתҪߡ
ڶ㿪֮࣬һһαǹʦͷǰ棬ǹʦҪ֣㱻һһţǹʦ߷ڵأַ˹
ºˣǾݺӺǹʦȫһǲ֪˲ǵˣžʹǿͷֹүү
͸ˣǸϽߣҪѰ·͹ֲˡŭ
үүСļ⣬Ϊλү߻ķӣϿ϶ŴԱ㶯ɱģС飬λһɡǺݺһһ߲˵
˲Ǻݺӵҿһһղôô˸ŷģ
һ΢΢һЦ˵ܼ򵥣ҿǳ߹ʱ֪߲ƣ϶ǳԷʱ⿾Ұģǿ϶̲סҾǧƳ˵ֽţûȺĳˡ
Щզ죿ǿڵϣɿ°ĭЩ˵
Щ϶մȾղĲǣв˲ǵУֻǸɶֱɱ˱ǡһ
һ˵ҪɱǣǺݺֱӴӵ㳯෴ķ񱼶ȥ
ֻٶȻһЩܳȥûԶչ׷һĻ𾫳һ֮һɫĻ㳯\ݺϯȥǺݺĵҲˬֱ˵ڵأܿͻ˻ҽ


2056 Ǵ·
ղŻʮˣ˿ȫ˵ϣͻһװĹʦģˣŵɫڵɪɪϵİġ
˻룬⵽ʲôˣһԲϾɱˣκλֵĻᶼûУȫڵˡ
չһ½ǾݺӸճ˻֮Ȼýָǹʦʵôã
ɱ˰ɣҲ˷ʳղž͵͵¹ƣװ׻һһû˵
չ߸Ҫ֣ͷʱٴδĵλүҲǱƵģҾǸЩ˴ֵġʲôҾʲôղŲС϶Ҫǡ
չ£ֱһͳĿڴȥͻȻ˰չǰ棬һץסĸ첲˵ȵȡ
ôˣչһ£еĽ
˻ã䣬ٶҲ١ɵ
Ȼ˵ǿ϶⣬չ˺һǹʦͷЩ˴ģ
ҡǴһǰϣ߻ģֻǸǴ·Ϊһ·֮ϣкܶ·Ƕ̫ϤһҪկЩկ˶磬ֶͨһЩܹ·Щ繵ܹͨһЩҪ鷳ֻҪǰȫ͵ϣǾͻһȲƵı꣬Ҿһ򵼵ĽɫǴ·Ǿɱңԩԩͷһί˵
ôԩһɱ˾㣬͵͵¹ƣǻˣͱˡû˵
ҡҲָʹϿɶǹҿɲǵ˼ͷƱ
ô˵Ҳ򵥰ʲôطˣʵ
ͷҲԽϴ֮һկˣǽӽα߾һկ㲻磬ǶһЩϣػ߻˲٣Ǵ಻ߴ·ΪļΧˣרһЩƫƧ·УҿһǮ죬רЩ߻˴·еЩͷˡ
˱˴˶һۣв˼ƽϣþȱһ·ģ±˸ˣҺøղֹ˰չҪȻѾһѹǻˡ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼¶ͷ˵ôƺ
λүˣߵ˶ôҡͷ˵
ڸղҪɱǵȫԼ̣ҪӦһǲһɫ
ү˵ֻҪһҸʲôɡ۾һ˵
ܼ򵥣ҲҪǴ·ֻҪǰȫǸطǲⲻɱ㣬һǮ㿴ôЦ˵
⡭˵ֻǲ֪λүȥģ
Ѫկɵ˵
һ֣ʱɴ۾һ˼ģһ˵λүûҿЦɣȥѪկʲôǵطǽأȥͱųҡҾа˸ӣҲҴȥǸط
ͲɣԼȥǣҲûʲôôˡչߣӣ˻𾫳㳯˹ȥ
һģæ˵𡭡лú˵һʹɱɱģһ³ɲɣ
ʲôģһ仰״ǹȥе
һתȻʵλѪկѻʶѪկˣ
Ѫկǵʶϡչ
ԭλϵѣǾͺ˵ˣλô˵Ц˵
ǲϵѣĳˡչһ
ոոһ˿ЦЦݺܿסˣλү˵ѪկˣȥѪկ·ϣкܶկӣЩկ˸ӴֻҪ˿ǵկӣ¹ƣûκ֪ѪկʲôλҲܻߵҶЩЩȣȫСƣǹȥʲô𡣡
ͲܲĵˣֻҪ·͵طǱ뿪ҵ
ǡҡֻܽǴѪկҿɲҽȥ֪ôһΪѵ˵
Ǳ˴˿һۣ׷׵ͷһһؿڣǧƷ˳ȥһ±ؿڣִƮ˳ȥ
󾪣ɫһ죬㡭Ƕʲô


2057 սկ
ûʲôǸһƣҲǶ֮ˣӦ֪ҶµĹЧΣΪ˷㱳󵷹ϾҲ졣һ˵ţͻȻһָΧЩ֮ǰŷڵصЩһ϶ʱɢ˸Ị̇һӵĹ򣬾ȫһ̱ŧѪ
Щֻ޹ҵĶƷҲ๼
ʱ㳡ŵĹ˵ϣսս˵һǴѪկ뼸λү̧֣ǧҪɱҡ
ģֻҪ㽫͵طǱ֤ɱ㣬ƣٸһǮٲġһ
æͷ˵һеƾǷԸ
ĴɨһۣԶиղǻһЩƥЩԭʼ֮ߣȫȣºˣ˴ߡ
Щ˼⣬ҪɱǣֻϧǴˣձǸڳԺڣȫɱˡ
һһƥһƥϵ񣬷ϵĴװ˺ܶ඾Ʒ֮⣬ÿƥ϶һAK47˹һȺ֮ͽ
˴·Ǿʡ˺ܶ࣬ʶ;ãã֮У֪һЩݾαܿһЩ·ϵկ
ЩկˣЩȻη壬Ϊ˲𲻱Ҫ鷳ܶ㿪;㿪ǵѣǲӴ
ʵǱܲˣǽйͨҪʲôǾ͸ǵʲôһ·ơ
Ǭ˱ĿռܴܹװٶԵĺȵӦоУЩկ˺ܺô򷢣ãã֮УӴȱĻΰͣʱóγܹǸˡ
ЩկկΧԲһصĵط˹ƣǲƶ֮ˣУЩҲ֪ʲôƣЩֵʮأЩկӵּݣȫɱУʱҪǧƳ棬ǰʾҲƿЩвúõ
ˣһ·ǰ˴ԼĹ⾰˵ǰһٶɽ·͵ѪկˣҲֻ˵ѪկǸطûȥҲһ뵽ƬֵҲֻӵΧתƣθǹҲǿˡ
Ȼʱ֣ߵһկʱ˵һʮϾ顣
ǰǸկսկͨѪկıؾ֮·Ϊսկĺһȿڣȿڵȫͱڣ߲ʣҪȥѪկսկĹȿڹȥ
ҪƿսկҪ·̣ҲͰˣҪУҲ޷ƿΧկӣôҪЩկ˴򽻵㿪ʼѯǵ
ɳƬ̣սկѪկûʲôϵ
ϵ϶еģƬԭʼеĸССկӣѪկɵ֣հҲѪկ£ЩկӸѪկһһֱò룬ѪկҲѹԲ֮ڵկÿ궼һЩʵʮĺӣ͵ѪկùƸ֣ԺԶѪկЩľѪկϣõģܹѧ죬ҲͳϵİףԶկǻ˹ƣԼĸ˭˵Ҳġ˵
Ǵսկȥկĸָŷˣսկ˻᲻֪ͨѪկ˹Ըǣʵ
ǲᣬսկկ˶ʮֱ뺷׺ݺöΪ˶ƶˣһǳ˵飬⴫սկѪկֻ֮һָӹĹϵÿϹ֮⣬ƽҲôѪկϵΪѪկ̫ˣҪǹկæϣҲǺܴ󣬳կկ֮䲻ϣ˴֮ƴ˺ܶˣŻѪկ˳⡣˵
ɵ˵ͷǵ߰ɣսկǾʹһ϶Ǳܲȥˡ
Ҳûа취飬ֻӲͷƤһˡ
һˣֱսկķȥ
սկкܳһξʱկӵǰͻȻһƬЩ޵ģһִЩϿЩ˰ɽҰһͷ
ߵ˵ЩڻսկһЩ͵˻ʳƷһڻƹƶڻ֮бŲٹƶƬڻŻᵽսկ
˾ۼڻԱߣƬ̣Īſһƥһƨɣڻ˹ȥ


2058 Ѫ
ۿƥһ˻㳯Ƭڻ˽ȥ
˵ڻйŹ֣ǵҪʲô֮
ƥȥʮ֮󣬹ŹֵžͷˣǷһʹĲҺͻȻɲס˽ŲȻͻȻת˷ֳ߳˹ٶȺܿ죬ԶǾͿƥ۾ɵԲĪܵٶȺܿ죬Ҳһ׷ɢֻǲǽǰͻȻһ¾Ե˵ϣʱǲſķѾѪһƬϻſźܶѪĳӣȥƤѾǧٿףǿֲ
ʮֶΣһʼ󴳽ȥĻò˶١
Ƭڻ֮гЩѪɱ˵ĳ֮⣬϶Ĺƶ֮˷ʤƥڵϵҽ˲һӣܿͶȻ֮һЩ䶯ŵ嶯ָСһƬ˹ƶٶȻͦ졣
嶯ﳤľͿף˻ֵģչһôˡ
˵ţеĻ𾫳һһɫĻ籡ŵЩĳϯȥ
Ƭ̣ǻ㽫ЩӰһյž죬ȫ˻ҽ
ǻֱӴڵȥϣһȼˣŷֹסЩӲ
һĻЩ£Щճ˻ҽĳ˵⡭Ǵ˵еѪƣЩƽʱʹڻ֮УЩڵҶȻսկ˹Ƴ棬л￿ᷢƤ֮УѪ⣬̵࣬ôһƬڻѪƳǧ򣬲֪óȻȥ߲˶Զͱһѿݹˡ
Ѫƣڻ֮лûèʵ
϶аֻҲ֪ɶսկҲǵһկѾկˣ˽ӴҪȻǻǴӱĵطƹȥɣŰЩµ˵
ҿǲˣѪƣկ˵иĹƣ˵ʱǻƹǾʹսկȥӹɵĿ˵
λүôһƬڻôȥǵ
Ͳˡϻ˵ţ㿴һһһؿڣ˵ֳӣඡ
˵䣬һؿڷɳһֻʳӣ㳯Ƭڻ˹ȥţһһ֣кǵˣǸǧƣĳһֱߡ
ҲҴ⣬¸һǣЩƥСĸǧƵǰ滺ȥ
ߵڻʱ򣬶ʱýŵģͷһ㿴֮ǰЩڴѪһģһĳӣЩӶܷʣСһͮͮģžͦˡ
Ƭڻ಻һͷƬڻ֮Уо۵ףҲû˼ȥķ羰һֱĵġ
ǧƵٶȺܿ죬ֱɱһѪ·ǧƷɹĵطЩѪƷ׷׵ڵأȫС
Ͼ֮СƳ棬ǧ˵ġ
ǧϵĶԲΪҡ
ڻ֮п϶Ĺƣǳ˿ЩѪ֮⣬ҲûпĹƳ棬ƶǧƸ˰ɡ
Ƭڻͦ󣬵Ҳû϶ãǾߵͷ˶ʮӡ
ڻ֮ǰ治ԶһľͷկӣһկţſڴһЩֵĻ䣬ɺ޵ģоѪһ㡣
կӵſڸȴһˣկŽա
˱˴˿һۣһǰ˵Եɣսկ˿š
һսկ˵ǹ̿ͣҪկ·и㣬ǹȥҲ׹һı𣬳Եĺȵ߶С
Ӧһűù﷭һ飬սկķһͨ
ûкկſڴЩɫĻͻȻζ˼£ЩɫĻͻȻǻһˡһȫǵصķɹ
꣬ЩǻһȺɫĹƳϢڻĲ֮ϣܵ˾ţ˹
ѽŵľһͳ˹һҲһæٻڻеֳӹʰЩƳ档
ǧƺܿͷɵһǰ棬סЩƳȥ·


2059 
ЩХɵĺɫƳ棬ǧƵһɲǼ䣬ٴηˡһͻȻת˷򣬳෴ķ򵹷˻ȥ
ǧƵٶȶȻӿ죬嵽ЩɫƵԱߣʱһ㻩ٺɫĹƳ档
ҲֻüþգϾǴ˼Ҽſڽ̧ǣЩƳҲսկģȫɱˣƻӲʰ
ǣһһǧƣǼһЩԸķ˹һͷֹ
Ƭ̵ĹǿЩɫĹƳַ䵽ЩĲ֮ϣһһεĻ״ҡҷýȥ˭Ҳ뵽ЩȫҪĹƳ档
Ҫ߹ȥһٺһկţ˳һֻǻûߵկԱߣկſͻȻ߹һȺˣֱӽսկŸˣȻկٳʮˣЩϴȫһˮĺɫۣͷϻŲװƷЩ˵Ůеһ㶼֣׳Ůȥʮֵˮ飬ݣıȽϽС
կ˻Щ˼Ҳʮء
ֻЩһɫ㿴ȥΪƣɷ
Ϊ׵һȥ߰ʮߣҲһ£һȣߵߴ˵һͨǶһͷˮ
̲סʲԶͷ˵ɶǷһ顣
ͷǵ˭ΪʲôҪսկأǵڻһǵѪƣôĵӣǲǲˡ
ʱ˹ȥֱߣΪ׵߿һ֣˵λףǴӻԶ·󱦵أǰԽвȥһ⣬ڻðˡսկλܹһ棬ǴկȥȻҲλȻһЩƷл
˵㵽ҲǸӣȻԵһ飬Ǹס
ȻǴƺ飬һе֮ߴ˵һͨӡ
Ƿλ˵սկ˭ܽģǻǶһЩķݶϣ뿪ҪǿдկؽɱۣƬײ
ϣһǹݵİ
һüͷǣܴկȥ費Ҫʲô˫ַϱǡ
ɵĻ
һΣǴʦƺɶһ£ƵһЦ˵һͨ
ı˲ͺתͷ˵Ǵʦղ˵ˣҪկȥҲԣһǴկǿ׳ļʿڶǸǴʦƣӮˣܴկȥûе͸ϽĹý
ȥսկĴʦͦİ
ҿֱӱӦ˵ǽս
һ£ЩԾ˵λүˣɲ飬׳ƱȻһҵսᡣ
ϻϽͷ˵Щͷˡ
Σֻõ˵ͷҵĻ˹ȥ
ǴʦһЦһĴָ˼ǿţȣĲ
һ䣬ǴʦͻȻʮӣһŰӣĿ࣬һļ⣬׳ʵĺܡ
Щһ㳯˹һֱ˳ȥǱǿͰչҲǵʲãǰ˼ҪһЩսկʿ
Ȼʱֵλүֻ߳һλսկʿ
ɶʮ˴һⲻԶô
ҿʮһ쳣ӦҲߣܲöԸӡ
žûЩ˴կȥ
Ƕ£һ˸ǹУҾͲŷŲǣǰһ
ǿͰչЩ׷ҪʱȴϻϰɣӦʰˡ
չǿ˻ȥ˶ʮ׳
йһЦ˵ðþû˴ˣ֣һϰɡ
ʮ˺Ҳпӱһ³絶Żһϡ
һһֱǰ˿ҪߵʱͻȻӶ˫ȭһΣӭ泯׳˹ȥһȭһȫǵؿ֮ϣֱӽǴͷ׳˳ȥһײĺüˡ
ٶЩ˵


2060 Ƿ
һսկЩ˸ʿڻϳ˿ڵصǼ˺ܿӵϷ𣬳ܷɢϻŰϻʱҲó˽ħƺϽ𲧣һ䱸ĳܵЩ˿ȥ
ϻСһҪСԶѵ
ϻӦŴȥˣϻ̹˹ȥȻҲֳ˳ϻ̹ȥǰҲӦЩһϣ·ĬȻѾǵһԸˡ
Щ׳ų֣ʮһΪܲöԸղϻһʱ֣ҲΪЩ׳ϻʵʱ߶оһЩѹ
ϻСһЩҲǲ޵ġ
Щһϵʱ򣬻Ҳ׼еϽâʢ֮䳯һ˴˹ȥһؿڵʱ˼ܿշƾðһŽ䵶һͭЩսկĺ˹ȥ
һʼЩսկʿ㱻ϻһֲһΣһαеֶθæңղϻһˣգۼĹ򣬴ϻͻȻֱĳô¶
һΣЩսկʿһУ㱻շһ±˳ȥ׷׳ܹ䡣
սկĴʦһͣʱɴ۾Ծѡ
Щսկĺٴδӵʱٴοϻ׷׳˽䱸֮⣬˴˿һۣٴγϻ˹ȥϻǵһĨЦȻûнЩսկĺ̫С
ȻʵҲˣϻһսȺŹǵʮַḻս飬ʮΧ㲻ʲô
Щٴγϻ˹ȥʱȴٴθı·ֳһٲ˶ԶԸĽշ࣬󲿷ǳŻȥ絶ŻкȥƮɵϽ𲧣еĽħмҲûԵöôѡ
ڶ̶̵һֵĹɲ˱ϻ˳
ϾսկûʲôԹҲֻǽУϻģҪȻʮһѪ֮ˣԷҲѾһͿˡ
ǶԷȴ͸˼Щڵصĺܽʵ֮󣬼ȥϻһΣͻȻоЩЩ̫ԾЩʮŭִһȻųŻгȥġ
ЩٴαߵʱͻȻ֣ŻһЩ߰ɫ߷ɫҩۣһŲЩЩӼ˻ᣬٴγŻ˹ȥ
ɰ˵սկʿôڶԲǶƣЩͻȻԻˣУﶮʲôƶ֮
ڻнŲĵʱҿշ༰ʱϣסЩ˵ΧʱǧͻȻضУһ¾͵䵽˻еߣ˻е֮С
ǧһ˻еڣеʶʱһƬֳ˷ߺ֮ɫһ֮¿ʼһΣдɳȥˣûģбֱӴѪģҲһӲʱ䣬߰˱дĵز𣬷׷ˣڵϰѡ
ʣµսկĺֳϻ׳ĹƶҲǲܣӭЩƶϣϻǧԷųʲôƶڴʱãǧȫܹˡ
ԷϻηƶһζǰɱʱЩˣæ֮䣬ʣµǼҲϻ˳ȥز
ϻŽħƣߵһԼսկĺߣýħƶ׼˵ؿڣսկĴ׳˵򲻴ˣҾǷ
սկĴ׶ʱɵˣ֣Щʧ˵һͨ
һԵæЦŷλүλսկĴʦ˵ˣ䣬ǧ˺կʿ
˵ϻϽ𲧣һսկĺһţߵǼһҺһڵϷ˼Ȧһ˹
ϻʱ򣬻һ˼ۣһʾлղҪһǧ͵͵͹ȥϻƾͲˡ
һҲֻ΢΢һЦǧƱϻϷ˳ȥ
ϻɫһ죬žջһǧƱ˳һ߶
ǿͰչæȥϻļ򣬴һ˵ϻղţȣˬϻҲֻǱԼٺٵɵЦ


2061 
ǰսկĴ˵ҪկмȥӦһǽսկʿսڶͷϷǶơ
Ͻ֮أΧկڶ࣬Ҵ඼磬һԲϾͶƣõܾˣһԷһ
ԶǶƣǶҪǶһ֮ǰԷӦҲ֪йƣҪȻҲ޷ƬڻկſڵЩǻһĹƳ档
ʮдĵزսկʿܿ챻˸̧˻ȥսկĴʦ㳯ǰ߳һɨһۣɫһٴù˵һͨ
ŸǷսկĴ˭վơ
ȻǵĿȫһϣû취ֻƣӦսǶûκΰ취
һ΢΢һЦǰ˼վսկ߰׵ĵط
ǴɨһһۣٺһЦ˵һͨ
˵̫ˣ¾ġ
һЦһ£˵ȱ˵󻰣ûб£һԲ֪īż·˷ʱ䡣
˵ͷȻԭսկĴס
һ˲мǴʦʱԵЩŭ˼ôϴ˼ġɡĽǼ˶һ㶣ǸĽǴ﷢أ
Ƭ֮Ǳ㿴ǴʦĶһһĵģ͵һƤһ㣬ǴʦҲͻȻһЩһĸǿֲȥеġ
⧲֮䣬Ǵʦһ죬һֻͷܴ󡣬һأ㳯ǰ˺üԶһǰ档
һһֻҲһһ
ƤС󣬸ղôǴʦġ
ˣͨɫģȫǵһСĶңӻһһĵģһһϱɫĶӿԲ֮ڵĻĲ˲ήŨˮ
ǹģϽկùֲ֮Ƿ
˿ֻ֮󣬲ȫһ
ǴʦǳԾı飬ʮãߴﹾ˵һͨ
ϰԵķʦ˵һ֪Ѷ˵ĻᣬڻԻ뿪ҪȻһۣڶ
˵ʦǲģҲûȡ˼Ȱ뿪ҲԲ
̴ʦĸУܷǡһӦ
Ӧ˹ȥ֮Ǵʦɫһϵĸȥ
СĶ˵һСˣλʦõܹƣ綾ޱȣմһɣȡһζҺԶһկˣϽܹĹƶ֮ģ֮٣һһĹʦͬҲǴʦıƣͬԴǹˣʦͬ׼䣬ҲóôĹƶԸǵģɼʮӡ
˵һֻǧѾƮ˳ڰ֮УʼǴʦܹƶ
ܹڿǧ֮Ե΢΢һ¡
ǧȻһֱûдﵽȫʢʱڣϾ֮һƼƳ
ǧƽԼϢɢʱܹЩˣǴʦҲֳһʮ𾪵ı
ǧƲ˭ܹϵĳģǧƵҲûмȻʦ֪һϵǧƺȴ֪ǧƵʲôĹƶ
ʦ۾ǧƣǰ˼ƺҪǧƵһֹơ
ǴʦܵǧƵвģ˵Ҫƣǲܰ;ϵģ£ʦܹƷ˽źţܹɽ˼һ˽ļơ
ǧƿܹԵʮ˷ܣܹƷ˺üȦӡ
ǧһＤĲУһֻĹƳ棬Աһˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫֻƳƬܹ֮ͻȻŷڰ֮еǧһڶҺǧҲǲܣǿɫĶҺôǧƵϣǧƵһΣ㳯ŵʱܹһһͷܹƸסһ¾˸С
ʦ龰ʱϲסЦٴ˵һͨ
һĴȣ̾Ϣˡˡȫˡ


2062 һ
ĿǧƱֻܹƸˣսկȻϲ֣˵ĻȻȺˣһʮֱ۵ı֮⣬˶ûбֳʲô˵
ΪǶȽ˽ǧƵ·Сϲȣϻܹȫ¶Ƕң֣ǸУеĹƳ涼ˣǧҲʲô㣬ֻñ̽Ȼ¹ƷŶܹܵˡ
ǧƶԸϪӵĻƤʱ򣬱õһУʮֺãǧСٴιʼʩԸϽկĴʦܹơ
սկЩ˻ȸԾҪףʱ򣬱ߵһĻͷˡ
Ϊܹ쿪ʤһǧƸˣʵǧʼܹƵǰࡣ
Ƭܹ֮ͻȻɵĽȻԭ£ӱǿ֮֮ͻȻһȻ¶˰ɫĶƤڵʹķ
ͬʱܹƵ˴ʦҲɫ䣬΢΢һΣһſھȻһѪҲܹһ㣬˵ϣһ˺ѷεĲҺ
ıЩսկǣʦˣæͣеĶŴʦ˹ȥҪǴʦ̫ʹˣü˶ûס
ʱսկ˲ʶԣˣúܲҡ
ܿ죬սկȺ߳һʮ߰ŮһɫװߵһĽǰŮʮֵˮ飬Ƥ֬ӣСڣҲʮֵľ£ֻǴ˿̣ŮɫԵʮֽͻȻ͹һߣС˵˼仰
һŮ˵ʲôֻһԵ룬ûдӸղŵ֮зӦһ˹˵Ů˵սկˣλСүϽ˹ƶүүһֻҪүүʲôɡ
ķ룬ǶаĿһϻֱӣߵһߣļ򣬼˵˵һӳĺðˮ飬ղ˵ûУֻҪүүʲôɣͰȥϱɣôÿټҪǲҪ͸ҲС
˵꣬лϵĳһüŪۡ
һӦչȴһԼ˵ôôǷأ˼һַʲôŴʲô֣Ǹ㣬ôһӲˣ͵͵µƣŧôĶ֪
չôһ˵ŵɫˣһ飬һã͵û˵С˵ĶԣƵŮһ濹ס㻹ԼŰɡ
ŮԴǿУ˶ݣؼֻǴ·սկԩ޳𣬲Ҫ˶ԷҪ潫ʦɱˣǸսկ뿪
һæһǧƣһ֮ǧƲŴܹƵĿз˳ʮ˷ܵģΧһת˺üȦûռˡ
ܹƼһӶ˺üȦҲƵĳǴʦķ˹ȥ
˵Ҳ֣ǧһ뿪ܹƵӣڵʹధĴʦʱͣЪ˼Ѿ亹͸ˣܹƳ˹ȥæһ֣ܹƱ֮Уһ±
ʱǴʦſ˺ܶࡣ
ԼүүڵϵǸƯŮ㳯һͷл˵һЩ
æŮ˵лүүسŵԸһҲ޶
һʮֶϧæǰǸŮӵϲ˵ˣֻǹ·ˣҪսկȥðկղŶе£±ûҪ˺սկʦ뷨ղҲ֮١
һ˵϶ʱҲֳЦ⣬ʮѰζϽǹ﷭˹ȥ
Ů̧ͷһһۣɫһ죬ȻĶС˵һЩʲô
ͷ̲סЦˣ˵Сү˵ˣسŵֻҪҪͻߣȥﶼС
ȥǼ˱˴˿һۣôоһСӺһء
˴һܣܼһŮȥ
Щ̫ԾǺϱģ׵ģǴǴ
ŮѶ˸һĵ˵ֱܵһı
һɫҲһ죬æ˵ذɣ飬Ǵկȥ


2063 Ѯ
ʱǹŸмĳһһۣתߵսկſڴȺ֮УСĸЩ˵Ĵʦ˵ʲô
ǴʦʵҲأҪһûҪȡ˼ǧƲҪֻ֣ʩͽ䣬ıܶû̫ܵ˺ֻĶ˼֡
ǴʦµĴϢƬ̣űղǹų˹û֮ǰĹ°֮ߵǵĽǰ֮󣬳һȻߴ˵һͨ
Ѿγ䣬ǴʦĻ䣬Ȳķλ˵սկĴ׳ףսկһֱȽϳӢۣܹսկʿʦˣᱻսկϱǸղŲսʤսկʿ͹ʦҲ˺һԼãǶΪƷ¸֮ˣսկӭǣϣλʿܹսկһѾƿ񻶣սկ߹дĿ˺ʿ
ķ룬жʮָˡ
ǰ˵״ʦ̫ˣҵ̫ͻ˹կֻҪսկܹóһ·ǱѾмˡ
ʱǳ״ʦɫһ࣬Щ˵һͨ
״ʦ˵սկһգɫһͺկƿдǣϣǸһ棬Ա⡣
˵ˣپܾԵЩʶ̧ˣҲ״ʦ˵ɫܿҪǼǴսկǰһξ룬ҪҸطӪկϢһġ
ããԭʼɭ֮У˯ڻĽҰⲢǶô飬ܹ˯ĵ¥ϻԱһ٣Ҳȷһʮ顣
Ӧ˳״ʦ˵
ǳ״ʦԵʮָˣתЩսկ˴һ
˵ǳ״ʦկ˸Ͻ׼⣬ǡ
󣬳״ʦסһ֣ǳսկķȥ
һߣǴʦһ˵ʲôҺ룬ҲһЩǳ״ʦһ߽ǳկȥһ߸˵սկǳӢۣسŵղŮѮŵһЩһ뿪ʱǿԴŮ뿪սկģʮΣıŮһǾԲܵġ
⻰˵һɫĸƨƵģǼҲĿһһӣҲû̫ıʾӦ˼䣬սկ֮С
ǽկ֮󣬷սկҲͦģ˵ҲкüˣһǣƥȥʱкܶϷˣĺͯʮֺĿǣսկվկӴ·࣬Щеӭ˼
կͦ˼ǵӦǾηǿߵģǣܵӣܵ𾴣֮ǰ˵ܵЩͬ
կкܶƯĵ¥Ǳ뵽˳״ʦĿĵ¥棬רΪǵƺɿڵˮһ
ɫʱկС㳡ȼկظ裬ַǷǴʦ棬ȾƳ⡣
սկľԼƵľƣζЩ˿˿ģҲǺܸߣʮˬڣһﶼ˲٣կΧŻֳʮֿģڼҲ˲ǿҰζǳԹõζˡ
ֵһ˵ǣǸѮѵӣǻЩߵĿһƻߵ⣬ȣǼ˱ûôõĴˡ
սկ飬ǻǱһľԣڳԺ֮ǰǧưǼһ£ûھ¹ƻ¶ǽСͲˡ
ãսկĶǺ飬ûҪǵ˼
սկֵ˺ȻǱ㱻¥棬˯ʱ򣬱СϢĳվڷڣһ˯ĵү̤ʵ
ڶһ磬Ǳǳ״ʦǣ˵Ҫ뿪կӣ·ǳ״ʦ룬կයգҲǸˡ
ǰǴʦһѮӸϣһҲлˣʵһϧǵѮһԹί
Ҳ֪һ׶ûһ˼ǴһȥѪկ֣ΣҲܴ·ģпܾͺ˼ңΪҲұ֤ԼܹѪկ߻
սկһֱ͵ȿڴָǼгֻ̣Ҫկӣ죬ɵѪկˡ


2064 ӡ
һսկЩ˵ûоôţǸǴ·ְͼĲˣ߶߶˵սկҲԽ뻪ĽӵһƬԭʼ֮УһȽϴկˣЩСկҲʮˣеկ١İ˲ȣսկ˵Ҳ߰˰ˣʵۺЩССկӵУҲǱȽϴկˡ
ܹսկĴկӣܵ˶Է֮ǰ붼ġ
ֻһСկˣկܿ࣬ܵկӵѹ˳Щ߻˵˴·ܹ׬һЩ֧꣬Ԯկ
Լ˵Ϳ๦ߣʮֿģҲ֪С˵ĵǲģ֮ǰҪǵӣʵǿһƷ¸еˣҲһа
սկ֮ǰ˰СʱһƬããԭʼ֣һ죬ڵڶ磬ͣ׼緹ʱͻȻ˲Զһ죬ұ
Ȼұðٲϵֶϸһűһȴ죬Ƥ޴ϵĶҰҽС
һұ㾯ˡ
˵ҲɵüͷǸ㲻ԷʲôˣԱʱҸطȲ˳㽫ЩҲԷʲôͷ
Էǻһξ룬Ǽ˶ܿ죬ǽЩƥһƬï֮ܵУȻһɽϣĵȴŶԷĵ
Լʮ֮ڿǲˡ
Ϊ׵һһƥϣϴһۣ߻ǰС
Ǻ˵ҲһЩˣ棬Щмλãһˣһſֱ𱻰ס˸첲һֱߣĺų˹
˰ŵЩ˶Щͨ˵װ磬ŮͦģʮͣҲʮĺӣһţһ޿䣬ʮֿ
һһȺ˹˲һۣҵһͷǵװ磬пѪկˣϽֲֹһˣµЩҲɱ٣඼ǰⲦ˵װ硣
ǿǵʱ򣬻Щ룬չСҵСŸ磬ҿЩЩ죬˵᲻Ѫկˣ
ڴ£Ҳ̫ȷǱ㿴СʵϸǲѪկˣ
۾СĿһۣȻɫ䣬͵ͷЩ˵ǡûǾѪկˣǸҲǰһΣկӣϵһͽܣʲôӣֶʮ
ȷѪկ֮Ǽ˵ɫһ
ɽʵǰЩǸʲôģ
ЩˣկѪկ˶ƺЩΪ⣬ƺѪկ˸ģ˼ǲǵ˿ЩѪկƶ֮ģЩԹƣЩƣǱ׽Ѫկ϶žˣѪկԽϾկƶ֮ҲΪģѪկһЩ͵ĹƶЩϳԣʲôЧǾһЩƷרŴԽһЩƫƧĴ֮°ġǽ͵
ҿôûƣгԾ
˭˵أһʼѪկ˶ǴЩկӵˣЩΧկĵеԽԽ٣ЩկҲҪѪկѹѪկı˲ԣٻΧկˣܳȥԶȥԽϵһЩ䵱н˸ѪկԽߵҲ֪ѪկǲǵĽɫѪկˮʥ̵Ĺϵͬһ㣬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣѪկôЩѪկûٻˡ̾Ϣһ
˵ǲԽԽˡ
ǵϵʱһԶˡ
СŸ磬ɲɣչǸӣʵ
ø⣬Ƭ̣ȻǼһۣС˵λôȥѪկǾˣҹʲôӺѪӵΪӦò࣬ߵЩʦҲͬʱӦúܿܽǲȫɷڵأȻвӴȥѪկ
һǵļƻŵɫˣ˵λǷˣȻҴѪկ⣬λүʲô·
ʵıʣҪȻԴװңһһϡǿ


2065 鵰
һҪһȥʱŵĲ˿ӣɥλүõ֪ҸλүһѪկΪУС϶ҵկӵ˹ƶҪѪկɱ⣬뼸λү
һӣ˿Ҳ̣ҽűˣͱȥˣȥҲﲻʲôæţǰٳ㣬Ҳܲˡ
ҲûʲôۿǵӴһϾҪˣұͦ˵ȹȥǣӦ䣬ܷһҪȻǵļƻҪˡ
æͷȻұϢǱһĲݴУ˳һֵ֦ͦС
ĹЩ˾ͳҵǰ
Ҫ˵ʲôӵĶû˵һмʮ׵ʱͻȻһ˵һĻȲǺҲǹЩԽϻ
ıҲ֪ղ˵˼϶˵ʲôˣϽ֮ġ
Ȼһ֦һ˳סǵȥ·
ϽҴˡҳǵӺ
ǵһ㶣ԵΪԾ϶ʮƣôǸˡ
Խϵããԭʼ֮Уһ·òˡ
ǻˣǵӳʵ
ҾǻˣҴ°ˣϽˣҪȻȥɫ˵
ʱҴƤƤߣǰϳ˭װĸɵñһۣǵӿ϶Ὣҷ
ٶʱǵӸˣǺһЦ˵вģҲ֪ðһɵȣ˰˸ˣҪģկ棬ȥĹⲻ
˵䣬Ⱥ˵߳ź۵Ѫկˣ絶һ絶㳯к˹
ǰѪկȻҲǽҵһͨˣһ֣Ըûнҷҿʱ۾һ˿ŪЦ⡣
ȻͲˣ絶ҵϣҳּ죬еǸľһ±ͱ˵˫֮Ƕ棬ˬһ޷ᣬⱲˣ˵ڵϣҷһţҲ˸ǰͬһλŴֻоһƺ˼ѵ죬һĶһǳɣʮű㿴˵ͬʱֱͦͦȥҽһûü㵱۵˹ȥ
һֱЦжڰϵǵӣϵЦ̱סˣɫһҵ䣬Ǹ򵥵㵽˭
ЦǺǵǰȥļһĺϲ˹ȥֱӽѪկ˲ȵعݣѣЦе˵š鵰ôûУϽҴˣҪȻҲ鵰
ȻˣңһϣŪǵһ£Щ˶ʱһϣûеߣų˸ֹƶ֮ʮֵ֣ʲôߡ򼡢󡡭һļƤ
ʱջ˼շ䣬ǰһƣЩշʱ˼޴Ļŵѹ˹ȥЩȫյһƬڣЩѪկҲ׷˱ܡ
ǼҪǵߵʱǵڳˣӺ϶һ׹ǱޣǼ޴Ļȫõķ飬ȻֱӴһԾ𣬳˹
ͨɫʲôͷƶɣǹͷ֮ϸСĿ׶ᷢһ죬ҳڸ㲻ʲôֱһٰ˲ˣǱһ³Ҹվĵϣ֮ϳһӣˣǿӶﻹð˺ɫȻЩֵĹƳӵ淭ڶ
аţ̫аˡ
һ֣ǵ˰׹ǱޣһΣٴγɱ˹
ҿŵֶεȷǲѪƺʤһ£ҲʵеǸľӳŵӶ˹ȥһ½ԼеĽ˳
⽣һâҫɱڣƶʱȥ˺üڣۿмѪկ˾ͿҪҽǰʱһɨǧ㳯Щ˺ɨ˹ȥ
ЩҲûʲôһɫĽɨ˱ǵضϣֳŵӴ˹ȥ
еİ׹Ǳһ֮䣬һ˳ȥֵĺ㡭


2066 ȫ
ҴƤߣеķ껹ǳңⷨһǵӾϳҡ
Ȼûȥģ϶ʶҵģҲ˵ҸһصΪô꣬ѪҲΪһ׽֮ŹҵģͬΪͽܵĵӣ֪ܲԣӾܹһ۽ϳ
ЩҪѪկˣһ֣Ҳŵķ׷׺ˣǰ
ôϳˡҺŽ꣬Ц
㵨ӲСúǻĴţܵôһڴĺ˵
˿ӸѪһ㣬ҲǻˣΪϱǻˣյͽȻҲԽߵġ
ҲڣСүʰʦϵģͷ·ĻĺܲҡЦ˵
ʥΪУʦѪӱ֣ãΪʦܱ𡣡ǵŭ
żҳԣǻҪҽʦѪӿɲɱģֻǽ׽ˣɱʦѪӵʦϣΪʦ˼һԱ³ĺʦԼͽܶɱҲһͶһΣҵ˵
ǡô˵˹ǵһлʱܿȥ
ѪկƬϺ޼ɣΪѪկ̫ʢһصѪկΪУǡ
ҲӳȥƵʱɡкͰչǷ׷״˷˳ǸŰ
ǵһôˣʱɫٴһ䡣
Ȼ˵ǿ϶Ҳ֪׵ͷȫ롣
ܵӴ٣߶౶Ǵ˿̣ǴȫƣҲӵùǡ
ǾȻȫˡǵ۳ܿһ۲ϳ߱ƽĻеˣЩӴ򶼾ۼ˵ӵߣΧһȦӸ
ǰȫˣʦɱҵŮˣҾȡģʶģϽͶҪȻɱۡɫһ˵
ҪͶûţƾǼ붯ʦֱǰΣɱǵӴһΧЩѪկ˶ʱ˹
ѪӴȺˣֶζһ㣬ûߴЩʦһ붼磬ҪȻղҲɵľͽ
ЩҲѪկȽϵͲεһЩԱֻǸѺǿνĹġ
Щһ彫ֱûʲôһ֣ʮ˱˵ϣǶû뵽ǣǵӾȻûиƴ˼ֱתЩԱߣһɫҩ۳Щ˹ȥЩʱȫԵ˵ϣȻ°ĭƬ̣Щϱ㷢˱仯ֱӾסǵӣų˹
һæϽ𲧸˳һĹ˹ȥϽײǸϵʱ򣬿ֲͷˣһӱѿѪɣͷӱĵǣŵæĴЩ٣ǽǰѿĻ˺ѶЩҲ֪ǵοƵģüһֱÿһ˹
ͳǾЩֲĹʱǵͻȻ֮䣬ųһƬӿһ֮Ӵܶȥ
ǵӴĺܣ֪Լһ֮Ǿ׿⣬һǱٵ˾ϣº͹ȥˡ
Сˣǵļƻ¾ʵʩ˵ᷴϵ׷ɱС
Сţȥ׽˵ӣʰЩˣȥɳҴ
ӦһٵĴģéɽ壬һ֮䣬ǸղɱʮȫëʬЩɱ˹ȥͬھȻҲŶٰ˲ŵȥķ׷˹ȥ
ҸսȦ׵ľ룬ҵı죬һⱻЩëʬУȻѿѪ꣬ʮֲҡ
ԸЩˣǾܹӦҲûʲôõĵģ£ұ߶ٰ˲ŵӵķ첽ȥǵܵٶȺܿ죬һգ۵ĹûӰһЩۼ֮еĽӡͲľ̤ĺۼܿĳЩټһ·׷˹ȥ


2067 Ӱ
׷ٵӵʱ򣬶Լֲı죬ӿǹݵģʦһ·ɫϣΪ˱ȫԼԲϧһдۡ
׷ŵܵ·ߣһ·׷ᣬܿҾͿ˵ӵӰСһһ߲ͣ󿴣һͷҵʱǱ޾ľ֡
ٰ˲ϵĴ߶֮£Һǵӵľ벻ϵ̣ۿŻʮ׾ʱеĽһӣʱһɫĹǵӵĺĴ˹ȥ
ǵӵķӦҲһΣ㳯һ˹ȥǵɫĹǰһŴ֮ϣǴضϣס˵ӵȥ·
ǳյżٰ˲ǵӵǰ棬ŲһվǿñնϵĴ棬ָ˵ӡ
ӵȥҿ
ǵһܿһۣĿٴҵϣ˵㵱Ϊ㲻ɣղҪǿ˶࣬ˡ
С㵹һԣ
ﲻŵĵطΪβ㣿ǵֵ
Ǻð㶯ְǸʦѪӵֶλԣҵǺһĸСֵ
ǵһͻȻһ³ϵĺۣ˹
ǺһϽ⿪ĺ߷˹ɫɶ֮ʱϲ϶ɫĶ۳ǵһ㣬ϯ
ȥֲýеӣԭϲôĺЩ϶ƳĹƣϹƵС
ŵĺ˼еĳһӣһлԾȻЩǵصĶϯ˹ȥԽԽڰ֮תһȦЩ㱻յž죬˻ҽǵӵĺӶˡ
ǻͷתһ£ֳǵ˹ȥ
ӱΪһУܹסңиոʩչ㱻ҸɻˣʱĿɿڴһ̣ǵֱӷ˺ݣİ׹Ǳ޸˳Ĳ˹ȥǰ׹Ǳ޷һ̶Ĵ˻֮ϣ˵Ҳ֣ǻһӵİ׹Ǳޣʱǰ׹Ǳ֮ڣǻƺһͽǵӵİ׹Ǳ޸ȼˣһֱӵ˵ӵֱ֮ϣ۵ǵӲһƺߣűȼֱһЩҩ۲Žǻ
ʱѾٴ˵ӵĽǰеĽ곯ŵ˹ȥǵڻ֮࣬æð׹Ǳ޵ֵȴеĽĽڽںˡ
ҸѪӽֵʱ򣬿νƽɫ൱ѾǺܾ֮ǰˣô飬˳ʱհ˸ãΪһĳϵһͽܱܹӦ˵ġ
ǵӶƴʮ֮ǵӱ㱻һŸ߷˳ȥڵء
ʵҸղлɱģǻܹĽ˵ΪǻҪȥѪկ
Ѫӷһٰ˲ٴߣֱӵؿڣӣɻʲôҪģ
ӵһæ˵𡭡ɱңҪ֪ʲôҶ㡣
ðֻҪԹҾԲ
仰˵꣬Ȼ䣬ǵӵؿڴͻȻɳһֻɫΪѤ⧲֮䣬㳯˹
Ҹûʲô˼ʱ䣬ʶıٰ˲˿ȥҸովΣǻٴγҷ˹
ҶһǺĳϺһ˫۾ƵͼֻǿһۣЩͷǣʱǵӷ𣬳Զٴȥ
һ˻Դȥǻæٴٰ˲ȥֻǵҸովǻٴӰΣǺϵ۾һħ˿һۣͷǣٴȥʱ򣬲֪ǲԼۻˣǻһֱֻֻֻֻ
ֹƻ棬ǰû
Ȼ俴ֹƣҾȻ֪ôԸˣĵǣǵĹѾԶȥ
ҴٴηųһлԸֻʱͻȻһֻʳӾֱ߷˹ҵǰ棬ҶһȻǧƣʱдϲ
ǧһҵߺܿٴαһƬǻʱҲٳӰһĸо
ǧƶˣһǿ϶ҲѾˣ¶ʱ򣬲Զ˴򶷵죬ͷһǧƣұ㳯Ǵ򶷵ķ˹ȥ


2068 Ĺ
ǧƶԸֻȫõģΪǧ̫ǿˣҲֹһμʶСֶΣֻǰСơ
ܿ죬ұ㱼ǴĵطߵһǵкͰչǼΧűǿĵӾ͸һƤһ㣬Ǽ˴˳ȥûڵϣһַһţٴ߷ɡ
ӾҲܲסֵΧ˶ɢˡ
˿˹֣ͣչû𾫳ǵӵĲϡ
ӿĵˡˡٴʹˡ
߹ȥǵһţߵǵһҺߣϺһ㡣
үģȻҰңһͱ֡Һ޺޵һ䡣
СŸ磬Сô㣿ǿʵ
ûôղѾ׽ˣͻȻųһֻǺСӵıƣĺܣǧʰء˵
˵ţǵͻȻɫһڣһſڡۡһ¾³һѪ˹ȥ
һˣһҸղߵһҲ̫ذᱻһŸ˰ɣ
չǿҲǵĵĲУæ鿴ǿ̽һųһ˵û¶˻أ˺ص˵ӣղǴƤˣô˳ӣ
ܼ򵥣ıƱǧƸ£һɱˣҲˡһ˵
˵䣬ߴˡˡ죬ǧƻζŷֵС峯߷˹ʮֵģһǳԱˡ
СΧһȦ֮󣬲ͣһͷϡ
ǧƵ֣˵ӵĺƣƵҪһЩ
ŻȥĵӣһϾ˦һƣû˵Ѱɣװ
һƿǹݵģӲĽǵӸ˹ֻǴʱҶһȻɫĲУεĲ㡭ǾҪʲô
㣬ʦϿѪկҵ
˼Ȼկ棬ѾˡʮʵĻش
Ҳûģʦһˣͷ·ҵʦɡҳ
áʦܼ򵥣ҴȥˡǵʮˬĴӦ
Ӧˬ죬Щ⣬ǼܿʲôȥѪկһߵѪկɾĵˣʱӦ䣬ôӳһ϶Ǽ˼һҲʦϵĶ֡
һֺû뵽תͷһһ˵ͷһֱͷϵǧƶʱͳǵӷ˹ȥ
ǵǸʶ֮ˣһǧƷɵߣʱŵԭرͷŵĶֱˣ⡭ʲôƣôо˿ֲ
ղֻıǰֻƳ棬һֻǧĹƳ棬֮˵Ҳ֪µƣ⵽ʱ͵͵ˣʲôۣҲʤǣһЦ˵
𡭡ҴȥˣòŶɣҶ˳ӣƶɱˣˣʲôУǵһֵ˵
Сʻ괬˭֪ˣʲôĻأһ˵ţǧͻȻһǵӵ֮УƬִ̣ǵӵĺ󱳷˳ΧǵתһȦ֮󣬲»صһڡ
ʱĵӣȻŵĻɪɪѾ̵ǧƵĿֲ֮
ӣʵֻƳµĹƽĹƣһƶһֻڿҧһ㣬ʹѵϸ˵أȷһֻϵڿҧʹʱϣЩϿйѪ⣬ŻʱʬǧٿףʮѿҲұȥƣΪֻǧƿɽ⣬κһ˶УʦҲ޿κΣֻҪԹԵұ֤ȡһ
ǵӵ亹ð˳һĻԲаֻɣΪԼǹʦ֪ƶ
áʲôӦ㡭ϣҲسŵǵӵ
ģֻҪˣȻһڣҪԼǿɾͲˡһԵ
׵ͷһ˵ģسŵǳɽӴʱѾƨ
ɺͻȻʲôߵ˵ӵߵ㣬һصڲѪկ


2069 һƻ
ʳ仰֮أһ˵ȫ
ǰѪկıɹĿԻΪ㣬ˣпȫûһѦСߵĻ֮ϣǱôĿͷҪϹֻ̺ëӳ֣ڵķͷݶϸˡ
˲òҲһֱɵ飬ѪկǾûǰȥıҪˣ۷ȥΪԷ̫ǿˣѾ޷սʤĵز
΢һ㶣ǰʱ䣬Ѫկһ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣ˵зǳҪȥ
ʲôҪ飿ٴʵ
ҡԵЩɣʶԼʲôط˵©ˣټ˵ˡ
˵ɱʵ
ӻһֻ˵ܶǱϢˣҲܶ浽ʲôطҲ֪治֪ܵ飬ֲСɫ֪λͲҪˣҾԲԼϷ
һﵹͦһʵĶ˵ˣѪկ֮⣬һŲ֪
ҲûбʲôϣϾĴ϶˵ĵطһССͽܣôܻ˵Ļܡ
ǻѪկ֮УǶʱͰɲԺܴ
˱ѺŵӳŸղŵս˹ȥǴڣѾһƬǽ壬ѪأӴЩѪկȫɱǴԽϵСĹ⣬ҲһȫˣϵǱŽѪ͹ͷӣҲ˹棬ĴƮŨѪζ
мվŵģ֮ǰéɽٻЩëʬսǿʧȥĿ֮һһ㣬ʮֺˡ
óéɽ壬һΣЩëʬʱʧȥ˿ƣһԵ˵ϣָ˱ò
˼ʰһսЩʬ嶼£һֱӸˣЩʬϽ·Լϡ
ǱˣѪկһ棬ܹõڲΡ
˱ƻνѪկ飬ǳҪ¶˿ҪȻһжҪǰ
Χһһһ취
Ѫԭʮ£дӱĶʮ⣬ʮˣǱӸɱģЩѪկǵС
ڵӻȥθѪկ˵θϽһʮֵּ顣
˵ǼװѪկˣŵ۷ѪկõֱӸϺѪկ˵˵һˣɱѪկˣһĹ⣬Ϊʮ˵ã˵ǺпǴӻǱ߹ģӺǼ˺òײѪկѪկ׷˹
һѪկȻٴУϼӷʱһȺ˱׾ٵĻѪկ֮УŶԷûзǵʱǱڵӵĴ֮ȥϣȡһٽ¡
ƻģܲܵʵʩҪ˵
׼ռƻõȥʱͻȻһһ·ǴǵѪկ֮ҪðϻѪկ˹ֵͨΣ
̩ǻһЩԽϻûһܹģʱʮҪġ
뵽ұǿ֪һǸղĵط˹
ղŷһУȫ۵ףһѪկǼֵ֣СʱЩȫɱһɸɾϵͽܵӶǸ׽ˣʱǵ־¡
Ҫһˡҿ˵
ȥİղǿ˵˵ģֻ͵ѪկĸǾͷ뿪ǲ˵
ⲻûеѪկôʲôѾ׸ȥȥЩͷ˵
ɥһЩίʵ˵λүǵǺηʥѪկǶҸҪȥѪկ϶·һǻھ͸һʹģѪկһޱңλүˣһɣһꡭ
һ·Ҳǲ٣ʵ㣬һȥѪկҪɱϵģȥҲȥȥҲȥо仰ҿԸ˵ǰͷֻҪǻţ϶ˣܳ˰ɣɫ


2070 ұ
ɶɱɱϣǷˣŵ˵
͵Ƿ˰ɣҪӣһˣȵկﻹҪǷ롣չҲ
һȦ˶Χ֪ԼǷȥˣһĴȵ˰ˡϷҽſ϶ûп˰˱ѪùˣⱲһֱС΢ûʲô춯صĴ飬ξλүһأͶһˡ
лˣģֻҪһ˻ţ϶ˡļ˵
õӦʣһ˱ڰϵĵӣ첽Ѫկķȥ
طѪկѾԶˣǼӿ˽ŲϣڰҹʱִֵﵽѪկĸ
ȵһԭѪկһʮֶ͵ɽϣ涼ͱڣ߲ʣͨѪկ·ֻһ
ôʱգڵѪկɽ£ﻹĪЩţ֮ǿܾҪֱϣѪկһռսһ뵽ЩļѪڡ
ѪկɽܴɽҲܸߣƶˣһɭ֮С
ͣƬ֮˱ٴμӿ˽Ųɽķ˹ȥ
вʱԶ㿴һկţʯͷģ滹֣̽дģǡѪկ֡
Ѫկſкܶ˰ء
첽УǼװһ׵ӣǱҵĳѪկķ첽С
ſڵʱǵӲסկŴ򿪣м˳˹Щŵĸ˵˼仰
һԵСĸǷ˵ʵӷʲôΪʲôûд˻˺ܶࡣ
ӳ˱ӳǸѯ˳һ£ڵأùһͨ
˼ǣӵ黹òܣϽš
ǼۺæϹϾĴկţǸŵֱѪկ
Ǹոսȥûã͸оŵЩ˳ͶɻĿ⣬˽˵ɶҲǹ
ӽկ֮󣬱㽫ƥһԣר˹ƥǣˣȻͷ߿һۣǳɽȥ
ɽųвٵ¥ǸڵӵһԲǰȥ
ɽţӽŲͣǰȥ̧ͷȥɽֵĵطе֣ǸطѾѪկϳ
ǰнһξ룬ǵӵĽŲʼҪǧƽӵֻƸˣʱĵش·ʼƮ
ţ·֮̾ͿʼϡͻȻתͷǵһǰ飬ǿɲܳһ
ģֻҪʦϣ̾Ϳ뿪ˣǾԲɱ㣬ơɵ
ӵ˵ͷûٶԣȥ
һ·֮ߵʮֳƣҲĻŲѣЩҵĳš
н˴ԼһСʱҵĹ⾰ǲ˰ɽĸ
ʱ򣬵ͻȻתͷ˵ʵҲͦġ
⻰˵Ƕһ㶣ԡ
ʲô˼չʵ
һʼѪկˣǴӱկģʦУ˵ʺйǱ㴫౾£ʱ仹С˵ѧصԼկĸһȻʦ㽫ҵĸĸҵ潫ùƶˣܲңȫŧ׶Ͼһؼҵ룬Ѫկйƶ֮Ϊ飬һвұģʵҲҪɱӻͷ˵ϵļ΢΢ԵΪ
һƬĬ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ҳ֪˵ĵǲģģǸˣǼٵģǾƭȡǵͬģһ
֪ˣ·ǡɵ
Ŀһۣ˵ͷǰС
֪ǰ˲ףոսӽկʱͻȻһ˹Ϊ׵һŮˣһ¾װҲһɫĶ񣬳Ļǲֻɫʮơ
ǣǼʮ˳˹
ʦ֡ôˣŮʵ
ʦáڻ·ܵһ˵ķҴ˲౻ǸɱˣЩҲǸ˹ȥһҴˣƶûˡ˵
ôʲô˸ɵģƬط˸ѪկŮŭ


2071 ƶ
Ҳ̫ԷʲôˣҺ˵ˣ˵ڵĺӦǴӻǱ߹ģȻ࣬ǸǿˡҾǿǱߵˣʲôףǰʱ䣬ʦڻ³صĺҶȣɱ˴Ļĸ֣Щ˲ȫɱˣ˵ʦɱŮˣһΣ˹Ѱġһ˵
ǸŮü΢˵ӵʦ֣ȷǣһںҶȣʦһɱ˻ô֣Ҳʦ֣֮еӸҵѪկ
Сʦã˾ԲԳ֮˵ڻĸճʱ򣬾Ϊ³һֶ˽ŮѸץˣҪЮһ³صзֶ涼ƽˣʦɱŮˣ϶᲻ҪҹҾûСһãϽסկţȥ֪ͨʦղӳʱǾں׷ᣬҪƾҶԴ˴ϤСʦѾˡӿ˵
ʦ֡㻹ŵס𣿿˵ĺӡǸŮ˵
ŵסҪǧǴϽȥЩǧСˡֵ
ãʹ˹ȥҪеӽҾ֮ء˵ţһ֣Щʦ͹ʦù˵˼仰Щ˱ҴȥһֳŰɽկȥһֿǴŲһɽȥ
Ҫһ뿪ʱ򣬵ͻȻֽסСʦãʦʲôطҳãþûм˼ˡ
ӦڹƶµĹȥ֪ˡعͷһ۵ӵ
ǺãȥˣʦһҪСģˣͷźţһʦϹȥӵ
õģʦ֡˵ţʮ˳ɽ±ȥ
ǲԶ֮󣬵ӱǳկȥ
߳ûԶӱС˵ǸϽжɣղСʦɳ˹ȥ֪ͨկǿһʦʦʱս״̬Ϊ˷ǣȴȥƶ
ҿһԵ˵ͷʾӸղ˵ûǸŮӾ˵ġ
ǣǾЩ̫ţҲ֪ĺأǵֻΪ˻
ǴЩĿǰ˵ûҪӺǵ˼
ǸղŲɳȥѾãߵɽѪկϳʱĵ¥кܶ඼˹կҲ߶
Ӵկ֮дУһ·֮˺üˣܿĸӴкҲֻ΢΢ͷԣǳկӵȥ
˶ʮӵӣǲƿկӣһƬɽȻһξ룬һƬ֣ߵһкܶܰصĵط
ԷһѪӴ˹ǰѯʡ
Сķ룬ԷҲֻʵΪʲôôƶӶЩصԵʮֿ˵ҪϣڲڶԷҲҶʣֻ˵ڣȻһۣ˵ƶصأ˵ȲڣǼֻõһ˽ȥ
ʮ֣ص˵ҪȥϣΪشʣʲô飬ǵ˵
ԷǲϣЩˣ˵˴£غѪկһɡ
㣬ԷòõӴǳŹƶķȥ
һǼ˶ЩĻŻŵģ·ʼˣһֱġ
ԽƬԭʼ֮УկѪկһԽֻĸɽһ޻صĵطˣһҪһ𣬲նɱϣѪկĴ£ܲš
һƬڣǰһξ룬ȻǰһƬ⣬ڶڣҡҷۡ졣
ڶڴվź۽ߵĴʦһһƵģ
һʦæǰλʦ
Ȼʦ㿴˵ӣù˵һЩʲôʱʦܽа˸ӣҲҵǷ룬ʦΪܸߣһſڿ϶˵ʲô
ı鴥󣬵Ӧûгǡ
Ӹλʦ˵һͨȻһ׳ǹƶ˽ȥ
תͷǵ˵ͷ


2072 ҳ
ӦǵӸסڵߺ۵Ĵʦ˵һһλϸг
ʱתͷǵ˵ͷʾѾ㶨ϾҪˡ
˲ɵȫʼҪԵıѪկǿߣսһѪկؽȫԱһƬ˵֮С
ܻܲţ˭Ҳֻ֪ܾԼŬϸɷڵء
˿̣˶΢΢̧ͷĳŶڵķȥͬʱϴ󲿷ֵϢſڴһʮʦҲһֱȥ
˿̵ңǰͲϿ֣ͬʱϣһЩ
Ҹоһûȫ׼ãѾʼĪĻ
վÿһÿһ붼ڼ尾
ҿӵʱ򣬷ҲЩ΢΢֪Ϊϵ̫أΪ־塣
ĻҪֻǳ顣
˺һ֮󣬴ǹƶһŲʮֵ΢ҿǰٲϵֶ֮ȴ쳣
˱˴˿һۣȫͷȥˣǲ¶˿
֮ڸǸʦ߳˹ƶ׷ǰĵӱǰȥֳһɱ֮ɫʦ
ôˣܵƶΪʦϵ
ʦ汻˷ˣһȺˣӴˣƶɱˣҴȥĲȫɱˣͻʣ⼸ˣЩҲǷߡ˵
飬ЩأԵòôţ˵Ŀƽ
Ӧÿ׷ѪկˣҪǵӶڴ˴ĵʮϤͱǸ׷ɱˣʦӾǿǰˣȻڵ棬콣ȴʩչ˳ʮǿ󣬵Ӹмܲסֵ
ϴΪʦȥ³רŹȥʰһˣɱ˻ĵĸ٣ǰҲȫˣҪǰ·ɱһֻӣǲѾûˣǵǺôĵӣȻҲգΪʦͳȫǡ
ʦΪԸǿ϶ڻ£ѾɱկˣʦǸϽȥưɡֵ
żѪկĴǹƶأǱկ֮ˣѽ룬ǼˣѪկβʲôв߰ɣǹȥơ
˵ϱ˽Ųɽ·ȥ
ʼգ϶ûж࿴һۣҲһбܽӣϵ·ǴϰǳģڻѪԿȥǸ˸ոѪƴӣϲûлǡ
㣬Ϻ͵ǰ棬Ǽ˶˵󣬲ĳɽȥ
˿̣ǼѾϺܽˣ֮ңѣ˱˴һ£һʾԼȥ֣ӱ͵Ϯϣҡҡͷֹһʾ
ڸ˴һ֮ҳǵ˵ĿյǰϢĴһذףһ±㳯ϵĺĴ˹ȥ
طͨƶկӴһƬ֡
һз̫ˣҼеľȡһɱ̳һȻҽҪ̵ϵʱϻǲˣһ˲䣬һ±ƿʮ׿ľ룬תǣıǰ㲨Ŀǡ
Ҵ⣬ѵǿʲô
һذ״һգо壬ܿ뵽Եɡ
϶Ҵ̳һʱͷųһɱ⣬Ϊܲڶɱ˵ʱǲܲվ¶κεɱġ
һ˿ٵķɢվڲԶŰΧǵӺȴվһ
ΪʲôҲö֪Ųˡ
ģ˹ƣϿ˵ӣ˵
ǡӺˬĻش
һʼͿˣӽֵ
ЩСϷܻƭկˣȴӲΪʦķۣǹƶֵطѪկ֮أʦµԱǲÿ˴ģȴҪ⼸˹ңȴֺôѵ𣿡ֵ
ƾЩͶ϶ҳ㣿ֵ
˹ƣΪʦƶ֮ˣôƲκζߣˣп⣬ȴ׿ڳҪң⵹Ϊʦʮ⣬˵˵ɣΪʲôҪôֵ
Ϊʲôѵ𣿡ӵֳ˷ߺ֮ɫ


2073 Ϳ
ͻȻЦˣ˵ôȥˣ㻹ǹĸĸΪʦұ߹㣬ˣĸĸֻǷһֻγۣΪʦɱҲΪãǱΪʦйƶ֮һ죬ѪկԷҲһ죬ڹƶ֮ϵԳԽΪʦʱܹĹƶ֮ɱΪʦΪʦҲеʮο⻹ԶԶûеȵǸʱѾȲˣ
˵жôѪɱ˸ĸҪΪͽһҪ˵Ȼ֮£⻹㣬ҪǵӵԺдɣɱ
ҲТʦ飬ȫ˵ӵϣ⻹ѹɽ
ĸɱ֮𣬲죬ЩͶ£˶֮£ˣܹˣЩ˵
СӣɱˣҪΪʦִ͸Щһȥƹƶˣȴ˿жͬЩĵĹΪʦһʦΪʦô꣬㣿ٻдУҪŮжŮˣⶼҸģЩҶԸ㣬㲻˵Ѿʮŭˡ
ʱһ½ֺƤһͬǰһ϶ϻ˵Сүҽǹȡ㹷ġ
ǣʵӼǼ˵һ̿ʼϷ;ر죬ǵκ̬ǲģʱұ˷֮ģҪȻղŻ汻͵Ϯˡϵ
һΪ͵Ϯϵʱ¶ɱԭȻͿǡ
˼棬ҪһѪҲûйφˡ
ɱһŭȣͬʱ˹ȥ
еϽ𲧡һǧơչĻ𾫳ǿǽͬʱɱȥ
ҳȥʱԵӵ뿪ｻˡ
ˣǴϣˡ
ҲӦԼĳŵһ·Ҳһ·
ϱǸΧˣǵӻͷϵķһۣһסĸ첲˵ҹ
ӵıƶûˣһˣҲ޷Ըϣ뿪˿õѡ
ϱǲסѪկ˻֪ѪѾϣӶܹõ
˵ʵҲû뵽ӻһܹҲٳˣҲˣܻܲ뿪Ѫկһˡ
㷨һͬкЩ˼һ޷ԸʵǺǿģһδӱʵɱҲǲܵ顣
ֻҪһʱ䣬ĺ
һл㾦ǳϵؿڴ˹ȥϼ㷨һʱҲ޷мסôһ㲻Ӱٴγֵʱ򣬱Ѿҵ󣬲תþϮæٰ˲
ϴûɱǼԼȴϷȫǣ
˵ţͻȻһһ׵˰֮УǶһԾȻȻ󷢳һը죬ؼʱһƬͨ
ϾԲǼӲӲĴǷųźţѪկ˳߾ۼԮ
ҲԤϵ飬ҪֱӹѪկ̫࣬벻ÿԽկΧĹƶҲùĸѪկĴģҲˡ
źŵųȥ֮կΧ㴫죬Ѿɱ˹
ʱһǬ˱ңСȸٻ˳ӦЩԮѪկˣͬʱҲʦһ˳ȥЭСȹͬС
һ˲ĹٴνϸΧ
˵Һϻͬʱǰ콣ʽһնҲϽ𲧣ϵ̴˹ȥϱ㽫ȸ˳׾ٵĻǵ
ǧƴӺ͵ϮϵĺĵȥۿžҪϵʱͻȻ䣬ϵĻһߣ߳ʮֹ죬ԴϾȻһ͹𣬺ɫģرߵԴϳһһ㡣
Ӧıƣǧһߣ̶סΣͣ˰֮УǺϵĲӴһԾ𣬳ǧ˹ȥ


2074 һ
ǧƺЩɵֻ߹ƣƮ˳ȥû뵽ǣֻСɫıȻҲһԱ͸򣬺˰֮Уǧ׷˹ȥ
ֻƳܿһһʱ䲻ңһЩģ֪ǧܲʰϵıƣϾǧҲֻĳɵĵУϵıȻͬСɡ
һ½ǵȥͷһǧƺǺ߹ƵķЦһƳ濴ŲӦôͷֻǿϧȺ˵УôϷоͲһˣ꣬ϷɽƳɾƣҲϷı֮󣬱Ȼд
ϴЦһеһɫɷڶ߹
ɫɷһЩɫĹƶ֮жʱƮɢһ̱ǵζǧڸǺ߹ƴ޷˼ߣ˹ƣǻ·һˡ
㣬ҵϣ̱ʩչһлʽһ籡ЩŹƶĺϯȥ˷˼£Щ͹ƶʱȻһգȻϴ˹ȥеһʱ׷ɶֱԴϣһʱɢ
˸ϽͬʱԭŹƶǸ۽ߵʦ˹ڳУһȫڶԸϣ̱һ߱˹һһǵǺһסȺ֮ʵǿ
ʦͺܴаʮϣ뷢԰ףǸҵʦ˵㳯һѹƳ棬ǹƳȫȫĶЫӣǵصĳ
µıǹƶȻҴ⣬æһٰ˲Ȼٵշ䣬ͼ޴Ļ򣬳ЩɫЫϯȥ
շǴһ̺ĻӭЩЫһյž죬ӵ֮ϹҲճһŽ̿״ģǸʦ˹ȥ
ǴʦʮͣҲóһȣ½Ǽ˳ȥ˹
Һһʦס֮⣬ʣĻСѦСߺͰչֱϡ
ӦʦȻ࣬ڸʱ򣬱㳯Ǳ߿˹ȥʱһֻӦŰչǣһִֻóһߴ
Ҳ֪ϵõʲô̫쳣ʮֵĴ̶Щ߷ġ˿˿ӵ
˼֮󣬲ԶǸɽˣˡ죬ԶķͬʱҲƮɢһȳŵϢرǶϷζ
ڸʲô
Ҳûж룬Ƚǰʦ˵
Ǵʦһȼ˹һ֣㳯Ǵʦؿڴһл㾦һɫĹ籡ֱǴʦĹϣǴʦ˴һӴ˳ȥ
ҵΪ콣Ҳǲϱǿ
Ǵʦһ±˳ȥ֮һٰ˲ٴߣʦûһͳϿȥȻʱǴʦͻȻһſڣ㳯³һͮͮĶһǿȥǶȻϡ
ʦҲǹ׺ݵģȻҸһ
ҵôôܸϼһȥ
һֱ̣ٴٰ˲
ղŲԶ֣㿴Ǵʦ³ĶȻҲһֻЫӣֻЫЩرɫϻһɫĶҿٵ˹Ыӳ˷ҲиĶ￪ʼ֣¿鷳ˡ
ҺܿӦֱ֮˽꣬ѸٵĴ߶˺ϴ辭õеϢٵתһſ֣˺ϴ辭ٵĳ˷˳ȥٿЩĹƳ棬һȫƮɵ˰֮УȻ׷ױѿһɹɵȫﵽҵڡ
УҲǴʦ³ֻɫЫӣҲһ˺ϴ辭ɵˣǺɫЫӦǴ׵ıƣ˺ϴ辭֮£Ҳ޿κΣֻǼֵʱ΢һЩܿҲѿ˷ɻҡ
һҵǴʦʱ³һѪһΣ㵹˵ϡ


2075 ޴Ӱ
һˣҲֻʣ°ֻɫЫǰǴʦıơ
ڵѪɫǺ죬߳ŭҴһһﻹϵѪĭӣɶҲ˵ǹȻǲĴʦ˵ϵȣ߱˹
һǱҸˣһͣıƿ϶ķһӵѪһо͸ɵˣ㲻һеĳҳɱ˹
һ֣һץʦߣ˺ϴ辭֮ٵ˹ȥֱӽʦ˹һȵĶӾͱҸУȻ˺ϴ辭һεǿתʦΪٵıɣоŵȴô䲻ˣֻǵһ˫ޱȵ˫ۿңһٲϵոӵĲȥܿͱһѿݹǣѿ
ɵʦһʱõˬ̱˺ϴ辭Ĺ
ƺתһʩչ˺ϴ辭ͻȻһ⡣
ҺͨյĶԷΪֶһЩѾĳɵΪܹΪԼãһֵϲ顣
ҸոɱǴʦʱһҲѾǸʦɷڵأڵصǴʦȻǹǽϵˣȻһһ첽ǰǹǽǴʦ࣬һǴʦѪ
ȥǱߵʱȴнǼùеʶ˳չǿһͬԸϣиʽܸƥ˼ʮУԸȻҲڻ¡
ҺһһۣҪȥϻʰϵʱȻ䣬ӵͻȻ죬ʲôһͷһһٽһ״ֵľȻ˳ſѪڣ㳯ҧ˹
СŸ磬Сģ
һٵĳУһ㳯˹ȥ
ɫĵǾϹǾһУҵĵطݺݵˤ˵ϣӶ
üһ˴ľ̫ôˡ
ֻǿǾһۣȻٴμ˽꣬ǾԴϴһл㾦ǾԴʱѪɣԽǾɥ
ȻҵˣɲͣЪ۾һƣ˷Щ޴Ӱڣ߿ٵ߶
꣬ľֹһк֤ܶ˹Щ֮⣬Ӱ߶Ϊҿٻ˷˸
һЩԴϣҲ߸
ˣ϶Ԯ߸˹
˵ϸղŴǸģԭΪ˽ЩǸʱ򣬰˵죬ǹƶʱ򣬺·һɽѲЩǴɽģ
ɽСڳģ˵װһľԵʮֿ
ľҾֻīסƬûīݸͷ
ȻЩţҺܿ͵ۿЩԽԽҵϣһȥϻǶԸϣɨϰ
߾٣ҴһˮԲʮ֮ĵطʱ죬𣬴Ҳ˳մյԵЩ̱֮ıըķЩԴըĵЩֱըأأڵϷ
콣ǰֵʽϾ㲻Ϊϳ˵Ľֻܹȼü֮ϾЩնɱһЩԴԴϵľֳ߸
һ֮ٴξ˽꣬ʩչһУһΣ콣ѪƵʽڰ˽ƥ
ʱرɫڵĲƷƺܿ챻һѪɫ֣һۻ֮к¡¡죬Ѫ£սȦ֮ĵطЩѪĴ䣬ǿһ㣬ʴһ
ľ֮ϣľή㣬Щϣʱ̣֮кܿƮɢһɿһζ
ЩѪ֮£ʹİЩϸϹˣҲͬӴ˽٣Ѫ긯ʴƤĵ䣬ޱĲҽ֮һУܿͱһ˼Ѫ껩Ĺ䣬֪ж˱ʴһ̯ŧѪ


2076 ֩
һѪƣǽʱȶжĻǲСģҴϢƬ̣ͨǱĵٴԴԴϵһЩ֮תͷϵķٴοȥһҲս֮УĸΧһ𣬽϶һԲȦ֮С
սѾΪҵʱ̣˶˿ıչڿнùеһ֮ԼҲ֮Ƕһʶ
չһУֻڻɽʱܹһеʩչΪǿһΪǻɽ֮һǾ͸һźһýˣչܽܵǶʶԽǿԶˣ࣬ˣ˶ʶİչΪٷ˺üƽʱȻͬն
ǿҲʩչɽϽǽ̤ǣ̤꣬磬ৡĽڶ
֮ǰһûмȥʱǼ˻ԵʮֳһҲսȦ֮󣬱㽫ϸȫȶסˣĹһۣȴûпɵӰսһʱͲ֪ܵʲôطȴҲ֪ڸʲôá
Ҳȥ˽סֻټһѻ𣬱ܹϷڽ¡
£һΣٴμҲɱȥ
һųϴ˼콣һбһңǼֵ֮ܵ£¶Ȼ֮ƣһз绢˳ȥ
ǿǰһųϻӿҪȴǱǧһ֮ʸ㿪ˣˣǿһѶۣҿһۼֿ죬ǿһѣûС
ʱ߳ŭȻҲû뵽Щһôǿʵ
Ҳû뵽ǸܹһоͽҷŷڵصϣǸһսʤϣʱգȻǼ˴ûм֮
ŭһ˫һٴŨĺɫɷЩɫɷ֪ģȻϸ˳˺ü˿ٵƮɢ˹
ЩɷɷϵıŸ״ϯ붼û룬ұ˼շ䣬˼޴Ļ򣬳Щɫɷ˹ȥ
ЩıǴһʦȼյĻЧȻȲԪ֮ȴҲʮ
ȻǼ޴Ļ򣬸ڶļɺɫɷײһʱȴûʲô̫ãЩɫɷܿϨȥ˻ɷûɸֹƳ״߶
˿Щɫɷ˿ֲŵķ׷׺ˡ
ϣʱٴδ˸ղٻЩ޴ߵߴ
Ǽ̶ͷƤ飬ηϴͬһʮ졣
Ҳ˲ˣֻ취ӦڶЩɫɷ
һǼٺ˵ͬʱЩ˵ЩɷǼ϶ϵƣϸСֲĹƳ棬ϣֻҪӵʱ䣬˾ͻһѰ׹ǣһ˺취ʰǡ
һǼ˵Ϊ˽ƶˣȻ˵ҲǸӣӵǿǧ֮⣬Ĺƶ֮Ҳ֪֮٣ȴǿ̫ࡣ
һĻ˿ٺˣȫһ
˵Ҳ֣ȫվһʱЩͻȻٴںһγһƬһĶƮ
һһĬ˼ͬʱҧָǹǽһǹǽʱȻɫĵǹǽ֮룬ž죬һ̣һ㳯ѾܽһƬƿ˹ȥ
һϸСĵǹǽȺƶȥʱ䣬ȺƱһ뱻ˣ׷˵֮ϣֻǲһڶʱ򣬴ӹƶķͻȻֳһ
ⶫźöȣȴʮԴԶһоһ޴֩롣
ﱼߵʱҲſķǸ޴֩뾹ȻɲʮƴĹȺֳǾ޴֩ĸ㣬ճһ𣬳֩ĸǾ޴ĸ֮ϣȻһƬԴЩԴŮòޱﻹһЩɫճҺһʮǿӾ
ͻȻһ׻Ĵ֩룬ƴնɵĹֲֿ޷


2077 ֩ʬ
ϾȻаˣûһ֩ĴٵĳԾ
˿һڣɵȫһпһһ۵ܣôʲôôˡ
Ӧ֩ʬƣû˺;綾֩롪һͬƵĹƶ֮ʮѲһСˣʮ˸Դ۹·˷ҶҾ綾ޱȣǧӻҧҪȻ·һ˵Уһٴһ⽫һЩȫתǿֲ֩ʬơ
ֵĴЦ˼ƾǼҲټѪկֱǳΣǣ
еһӣ֩ʬƱű㳯߶Ҷһǹĸ첲ϳˣ˵ĺüӵһϸֳԿȥŻԵʮָߴ
붼û룬ֱǹصһ콣ǻ㾦ʽȻ֩ʬƺǰ˾һ㣬һΣ׾ٵĶ㿪ˣٵĳ߶
Ǿ޷ܵǣǹƶķɲϵ֩ʬƳ˳ֲļһﾹȻֹһֻ
ҵһٴδ߶콣ǻʽʱһ籡һֱ֩ʬϯȥжʱ죬ǻҲԽԽ󣬺˳дƬĳأ´ͷһ֩ʬ崦ӣʱУȻһҵȼ֩ʬƱȼʱ򣬷Ľ˸ε
Ǵϵ󣬺ܿ֩ʬƣԼٶȳ߶֪ж֩ʬƻܴǹƶ֮
㣬ǿ϶ϵĵ֡
ϾѪկϳϵžԵơ
һҵϵһϽʩչ״ǹƶķ䣬ǹƶˣֹЩ֩ʬǼڻ㡣
ҲǆµʱһܿʣµǼ˱˴˿һۣ׷˷ӭЩ֩ʬƺϵķɱȥ
ʱ򣬴˷ִһź֮ѪկԮٴɱ˹١
֩ʬơϣټѪկĴԮǳױΧˣܲɱһѪ·뿪⻹һδ֪
Ҳ˲ôˣľֻһǰƴס
ЩѪկԮҲǺް취СΧֵ
ЩѪկԮеɫСܻȳʪѪկһ¾ࡣ
СתƬ̣ܿͱ׵ĹǧˣСȵķǣ֮£˷ɱ˹ȥ
вһٸǵߣӭЩ֩ʬƶȥ
Ǵ˿̣Ҳ֪Ҫսپܵһ׸Ǳ֩ʬƳҲɱ˹
ȣӭ϶ײϵıЩ׵ĹЩԸѪկ˻֧Ƭ̣ȫʹϻеȣǰɨ˹ȥһźɫɷʱЩһƬ
գۼĹұײһӸ߸Ծһ㳯ϵԴȥ
еȸ߾٣ҽ֮Ϻɨһɾһշ˵֮ϣͬʱкͰչѾЩ֩ʬƽ֡
֩ʬƾȻܹ֩һ³һְɫ˿⧲䣬һ¾˻еϣʱ򣬰չͻȻеʱİչѾǶʶеǻûеһ㽫֩ʬ³İ˿ˣвһ㱻֩ʬ³İ˿ȥ
ն˰˿İչееһ㳯һ֩ʬ˹ȥеʱһ׹⣬һ֩ʬƵ˹ȥһ²֩ʬƵС֮ϣ֩ʬƸԭء
֩ʬƻҪʱеȻ֩ʬƵĶϿٵתƬ̣һ죬֩ʬƱ㱻еֱնȥɫ֭ҺĴŽǴ֮ϣʱǴʴİð˲Ϳήȥ
ƵĹƶʮǿÿһ֩ʬƣܸϵһˮ׼ĸˡ
֩ʬϳ˿ʱһϽ𲧸˳ԽԽҲЩӭ֩ʬ˹ȥ


2078 ɱͽ
Ͻҵ˳ȥ֮ŭңݺݵ˵ĵԽԽˣһû³غҶɱ㣬ϷʧԭΪ˶ˣܹ֪ѶˣԺ󲻸һصΪУ룬Ǹպ˰̱ۣԼˣΪƾǼëûļһټѪկɣ
ɱҵŮˣұկӣܲҲ˵СҲҪƥ򸶳صĴۡҶݺݵ˵ţ˫ٴס˽꣬һ㳯ٴ˹ȥ
һƴɱĻǿʩչǽʽһԲӦǶһϻս
ϾĴ֮ǿһǰøոɵ˰׻ϵΪҲһ뵽Լ֮УʱϽҲܸܵʮѹʱϣܹѹһͷҪǿӦҹƲϵ¹ðУҪ
ǹƶ֮Уɲ֩ʬƴԴԴϵÿһ֩ʬƱҪʮʻܹƳԴԴϵ֩ʬƴǹƶ֮ĵױЩ񺮣ǶôԣǺ˲ǳ
ҺǿƴɱǱߵһѾʼ׼ˣղʩչѪƵĴнŪܲһƬǽ壬һһ״ڵĲٴαĺƷ¡¡
һ׵ʱʼһϣССķ˸
ԭһ׵ʱλϹ̱һԻһΪںҶȵǳսλϹ̱شµһֱټλϹ̣Ҳǲˡ
ǱùֵסѪկĴЩѪկɿͷųֹƶ˹ЩƶȴԹģϷɵģһƬ˲ʤţҺʱ򣬶ʦֱǵĸԪ֮ǵЩϷɹĸָĹƳ棬ҪȻЩ鷳
չͻзƴɱҺǿԿϵʱѾ֩ʬƸնɱ֩ʬƳƶķÿιһҿһȺ
ˣкͰչҲЩмܣһǼù޺ʶǰȥһߴ߶Ͻ𲧳ĴײһǱߴһ֣ʲôʱܽ߿Ҫסˡ
һйỨУ˫ǹǽһָգͷ֮Ͽʼ¡¡ұ磬ʼʦϣ
һ޴ը죬һ޴һеǹǽ֮ϡ
ƴ䣬ôһ۲սֵĹǿǱ߱㷢һҺߣ˳ȥϸһ߷ɵġ
ҸƴǿһֱܴλÿҪյʱǿ㱼ǰৼҽΧȻ̫ܻ˵ϣȴ䲻䷳ϱʶȽǿܹȫĹĶԸңǿϵİ㡣
ǿ߷ɳȥ֮һ֣ǿ׳˼ɫĶ򼣬þǿߣһˣʱһΣٰ˲㳯ǿ˹ȥһ㿳ǶϣնΪء
ʱҵ˻ᣬնɱʱһΣ㵽ҵߣһȱ㳯˹
һж̫ˣҸֻýǰ㣬ϣú󱳳סһ벻
ȻϵһûҵϣǱһѷסˡ
Ƿһ֮䣬㽫ϵȸȥ
һͷһ־ϲһʱվҵһ࣬ŭϡ
ʦᣬôˣ
ãҲ֣۾˶
ɱƶĵӣƶǹȡ㹷ġ˵
ϷʲôʱɱĵӣѪկ޹ϸ˲ɣǲǸˣϲͷ˵
һصںҶȴɱʱ򣬱һŮӹȥõıǿľѧ󽣷۾Ϲˣŭ
һ˵ϷһǸŮ㶫ͽܣ
ƶͽܡǶ˵


2079 Ԯ֮
λүӵķ֮еĺУῴʬ壬ѾŭҪȥϱ𣬵ʱҾ룬ⶫ϶֮ǰϵ鷳û뵽ҲǸˣǾȻһ
Ƕһ·ǹҲδ֪
һ뵽ұЩڣ˵ӦòᰡǳʱʮΣΪͣԻǺܸߵģһȸ̽·Ӧòһ·ˡ
ô˵ⶫҲʱһĸֳ֣ʰϾ͸һЩ
֪¶϶ӲˣҲ˳ȥһϷɱΣʦͽܶסԼȥ͹ֲඣ
϶ͽŭһеķһһը죬Ȼֱɱ˹ȥ
ҵͷһǿӵϲǿɫɷףǴѪ֪϶һߵĲᣬеǿӣ˵زأ
С϶Ҳˣ϶ǲܴˡǿ
ȥСȶסЩѪկԮҹȥһʰϣټһֻҪϸſ£ǾܻˡҸǿ
ţǶ뿪ǿҵ˵ͷǽ㳯Щķ˹ȥŲȥЩġ
ǿһߣұͷϣֶȻǲҶĿо˵Ϊܹ׻һλԸϿ϶ǲеģҲǹʮеӣ¶˰ơ
£Ҳԥ˽꣬㳯ɱȥűǼ콣еʽʱסԼУϻЩ֮С
һĹв֩ʬƳʬ֮ӿ˳кͰչǱҲЩмܲסЩ֩ʬƱƵˡ
նɱ֩ʬжʮߣǳӿĻʮߣ˶˴Уϵƴɱľ޴ѾЩ֩ʬڱŲϵĺˡ
¡¡һ죬Ϳ籩꣬һһǹǽ֮ϣһȣǵ羶ֱŹƶķȥԶҲʯɵľ޴죬֮⣬֩ʬĲҺ
һ׺Ȼ֮󣬹˲ãױױһȫŹƶķȥֱҲǹƶķ֩ʬƷĲҽ֮һŽ׳ЩԮѪկȺк˹ȥ
ǰ㳡棬һĿɫ˵ϣĲҺ֮ԶĴţյž졣
Ҳ֪һ˼ףȷЪֹ֮ʱܺ񰲾һЩЩԮϵѪկƺƵ׵֮£Ҳһȫ˵ӣٿǰ˭Ҳ֪᲻׺
ƶ٣ЩǷ֩ʬкܶ౻ľʯûˣٳһֻЩѪկԮһ׸ŵĲҿǰڵȻѪկ֮УȴתˣȴһԮ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪Լߵڸƴʱ¶˻֮С
һʣЩ֩ʬƱչͻиˣǱȻæʱΧ֮£ﻹܻ
һǱߣڽĹ׸ոպ֮һһƨ˵ϣסĴϢ
һΪҲ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ޴󣬵ȴٻˣֻҪϢһָһĵ
ǱԽǾţ߾ʹɱԽݣǲľ֮Ԧľʩչ˳ϵĽ²Ӳ͵ǻһ۳ϲƶȥƴʱϲ϶һЩҩ۳˵֮ϣЩϵĸʴˣԦľҲ˲ֶΣոձʴֻµٵ
ǶҲǷ쭣еķһ±ϳǷһ㳯ϴȥ
ҵһ˫־˽곯ȥϾȱ㵲һ˲䣬ֱ˽꣬ڶĻ֮£һƳϵؿȥ϶ʱɿȣҶԺһƣһƶԺ䣬Ƕ˽ڴʱķȻ֣һ³ϵؿڣʱǺ۸һ鲼


2080 ȱ
һе֣ϵؿڴ·һ鲼ŵѪۣϵͷһһʮ׿ĵطݺݵĳŶᣬ㾹ȻҸһصԣգϷ򶨽ǿȫնɱڽµ顣
ˣⷬݻҪߵĽܾ࣬ôˡ
뵽żٰ˲ϵķ׷˹ȥسɴֶǷҪҴ˿ٰ˲ǿ˲٣ҲܹÞųܵܵټӶķλ׷ϵʱ򣬶ܿҲ׷һ׷ɱⲡ
˲ӳ˽ҵľ룬߶سɴֶεʱǿӰģֻٰܾ˲̸ֶ֮ľ룬ܹԵĸоϾǰԶƯƲ
ۿԽ׷ԽԶڴʱͻȻˡˡһ죬һǿ֮εضһֻȥ׷ϣûǰͻȻһ±ײǷ֮ϣʱײΰأӱ˻ȥǸоײһźĺûɶ
ζҲܣʱҸײЩ±ˡ
ΪܵʲôͻȻϮӱײ֮󣬺ܿ췭𣬶һ㣬ҷɳȥĸԶЩŵĳܿȥ૵˵ĸһѪկ˷Ϸ򾾳ؽʬΡ
ʱҲ׹϶ɸĹսһʱɱʧ٣ȻǹˣһܲˣѪկԮҲǾܹõ׽ˡ
ϵǾ仰û꣬һͳ˹ȥϸͲٸƴֱƿ˶ᣬһȥεٶȸ졣
϶޷ѣҪһطߡ
Ȼˮ©Ը񣬿϶ʲôԲ֮ڣȫ÷ˣһõͼеֶΣƶƲ֡
һص÷ΣǻɽɽҲĺҶ֮սǶΧˣκһԮ룬֮֮Ҳͬ÷ס϶ʮֽ
ʦ̫ǱˣҸָһ򣬽ٴ׷ȥ
ǶῴûһۣǰһѾ׷ȥ
϶ҵϾҶ
Ҳ˵ʲôʵҲʮֿǷᣬӵĿǷ
Һǰ׷˼֮ҺܿЩԾһײɲõķ֮ϣųӹȥҸǰϢʱ̷ٴײǷ֮ϡ
Ȼųӹȥ֮󣬷ǰһޣƺûʲôڡ
ѵûü귨󣬻һڣ
뵽ЩҵֻҪһᣬ϶ܹߵģƾѪկϤ̶ȣܱȵ
ȻʱԶԶģҿһӰվǰ棬ǲ׵ľ룬һվɡ
һﱳ˫֣һеģǰʮ׵ĵطͻȻֳӰֱӽԼеȳվ˹ȥ
׳ȵһɲǼ䣬ͻȻ׳һ
Ƕ׳֮󣬶ʱɢһŽӲӵĹâڱеϸС
ɢӲӹâɵǱܹͭ˶ס淨
ͭϵĹϵʱ򣬹潫ϸסˡ
һ龰дϲæٰ˲߶˼£֮һʱ䶼ұ㵽ϵߣȻһͳϸ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ϵӾȻ΢΢һ£ƫ˳ȥûдϵҪһ໮һӣѪҲǱŽ
һ̣ϱһƺٴγһֻǲվȽŸǶӰΣһٴγĺ󱳳˹ȥ
һը죬ϵĺҲƤ
ԭܹ㿪һģҪɵͻȻ֣ȻҵĽһ£Щʧ룬İ˶һ£ܿٴ뿪վʮ׵ĵطվŵλÿȥ
Ȼ˱ӵֶΰϷɱ˵
˵ţһ½Լĺ۸㳯˹Ǻ۶ʱһƬһĳǵصϮ


2081 ޶Ѫ
ϵĹƶ֮뻯ϴ·ǹƶǺһ㻯һƬĳҺͶƮɶĹƳ棬ɶ֮ʱȻ˵죬ű˾ͷƤЩ顣
Ǻ֮ͻȻһΣ㳯Ǳ߿ٵı˹ȥ
СšȻ֪ϵ޷ѣȫΪԵʣϹƽ̻˼УԣϳǱɱȥŵĵͷܣ
ӦҲģ͵ϳܣȻͭ͵Ϯһѣɹˡ
߳ŭǺһɫĹƳ泯ҺͶ߶ɵĺҲżĲУҪǰȥʱȴһƬɫĹƳ浲סȥ·
ֻջ˼޴ĻǵصĹƳȥȻЩƳ濴ȥôηЩ򣬲ûжһֱǻϣһƬĹƳ棬ǻ˲ȻʧɫȻʧ٣ЩɫĹƳܹһ㣬ҺͶЩƳ汻סĹ򣬷׷׳һҪӲȥԮɣЩƳȴʼղǲţһЩƳ㻩һɢǷסǵȥ·
żĻջǣЩƳ˺üЩƳ䣬ĹǱٴξۼһ
ʱѾɵߣһƱ㳯ϴȥ
û뵽ǣһƲûɵϣʹǰһ׵ĵطһ֮εضȻˮһķĶɵǰ档
ϵһþ˷֮ϣ֪ϲûдɣǷķ֮ĺ˼
ºˣɽΨһĳҲסˣ˵ϼ޻ļһǾܽԼվģղҲϷˣϣΪԼлɳˡ
֪ԼֱɸˣˣĶˣֱǱף˺ɫɷųǷ֮ĳƣռ䶼΢΢ĶоЩҡҡ׹
վڷ֮ɶܵˣæ˼
ʱȫ߱ȫĵȥӦϺۻĹƳˣ£ұǶʦ̫˺󼸲ʰЩƳ档
ᳯ߿һۣȻһż⣬ʱҲ˺ϴ辭ֶΣ˫һ𣬞ųȫһεķתЩɫĹƳѸٵ˹ȥ
ЩƳƹ֪֮˺ϴ辭Ŀֱֲ֮ٴγ˹ֻǲǵߣ̤˺ϴ辭ַΧЩϸСĹƳ棬ܿ챻˺ϴ辭˵ɣƬƬڵϣ˷ɻңͼֲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ЩɫĹƳ棬ұ˺ϴ辭ҪǱɱȥǶЩԹ˵ϹһϲаŵĹǻһģ̳ġ
һͷǶһۣһĲмֱ㳯ٴ˹ȥҷֱµĻᶼûУΪŵӣôſأ
ſڱտھϹ
ϽǷĵҡҡ׹ۿҪˣղŻվڷ󸽽ɣŵĲ֪ܵȥˡ
һҲϿԶǷ㻯˿УȻϳȥҲһ๥ϡ
ϾһһĶ֣ƾҺͶὫǸܵ飬Ǹƴ˴Լʮͻغϵʱ򣬰չͻбҴҵĸ˹˸ղŸЩ֩ʬһƴɱҲЩƣ֮󣬻Ƕ˵ʩչԼֶΣк
ϻ治ǸǵģĸһΧȻ¶˰ƣܹǿס䶷ʮغ֮󣬺ö˶˵ͻȻſ³һѪֱԵ˵ϡ
ȫͣеĶϸΧ֪ϼһڸʲôôö˶˵ľ³һѪأ
ѵҪһѣ
Χס֮ȴҲóȻǰϸϿȥʱ򣬷ִʱɫɷף΢΢񲢲װġ


2082 Ȼ
ƾǼҲϷӪʮѪկɱϷ򡭡ǺǡϷ򼴱һҲҪһͬᣡ
ͻȻݺݵ˵һ䣬Ȼ䣬ѸٵԴһε״۾̹⣬һϳſھͳҧ
ŵһٰ˲һԶҲһ׷׺ˡ
ã϶ƣҪҵȾһսˡͬʱҲһ˷ϴ˹ȥ
ֶ֮ǰʶϵĵѪӣùֶΣֶθҶþѪ࣬ǶһѹեΪԪһĻпܻС
ʱͻȻУԭȴϵ·ֱӾ˺ˣԼٶȻһɫľǾӵ»мɫСȣεԴϻһǳм˶
̶̵һ˲䣬ϱ㻯һԼʮ׵ľȫڷۼףһΣоضɽҡһ㡣
ֲô˱֮ΪϣǶԵƺԻһС
ղҪҷӦ죬һٰ˲㱻һڸҧˡ
Ҹոն㿪˶ԴһײҸովĵطǵײһ޴ӳ
ΪƵϣ·ӵŻصһ֮䣬Χľ㱻ɨһƬ
һȻ˶ŵĲᣬһʱ䶼ֻ֪֣вͣĶ
Ƕ˷Ӧеķһٴλǧ˿ߣǾβʹ˹ȥһ˦βͣǶ˴һ˦˰֮Уβͳ˹ȥ
һһл㾦ϵβ˹ȥҲܣҪ̫жǲ̫
һɫĹβϣûеĽβһϵۼ̫ˣоȸְ廹ҪӲ࣬һǾǶһֱɿǷһӷ˵ϣź˺ü
ʱ˲ŷӦ˹еϽ𲧺ͰչĻ𾫳Ҳʼк
ЩʱǻΪƵǸ͸һʵ𲻵ʲô̫á
չĻ𾫳һɫĻ磬ŻΪƵǾԴϯȥʱͻȻſ³һŨɫһ±㽫ǻ𾫳ĳɫĻˡ
ɫĶֱ˰չϣչһضûУֱͦͦı㵹ȥ鴤Ѹٵĸ
⣬չˡ
үӸƴˣпչ£Ͻһ±ϵԴϣֱܿ˳ȥ
Ҳż콣ŴʱкȴҲ𲻵̫á
ϲɫĶ뵿ұס˿ڱǣûкҲЩͷǣϵƤմȾⶾܿҲŲҲʼġ
̫ˣϷų˴֮󣬾Ȼֲ֮
ۿſҪмܲסʱһΚzǽ㳯߸˹һһģһֻɶλƵֳӣҶһȻǧơ
˵ղôͻȻĪ³һѪ϶ǧƽϵıƸˣΪ֮£ϲŷųɱﵣΪƣҪͬھ
һֱ֮Ӵϵı͵Ϯһâǹǽ֮ôϵβݺ֮䣬ϸСĵǾϹ䣬ϻһæͷһķһڵĶ
ǧƵԼٶ˵ڵϵİչϣڲֹİչ̾ͣҲֻƬ̵ĹǧƱӰչϷɳ߶ǧƴǰعȥӺ󱳳֪ǧڸǽⶾԲû˿ǧϷһȦȻųŻΪƵϸһʱȻǻΪƵϵβ˽ȥ
ǧһϵӣǻΪƵӽһֱˣһһ㣬Ȼʹ˻ڵϲϵ
ղűǧ֮󣬱ǾɫŪĲʸжʱȻ޴棬æȥİչӵϲΧ
иչĸҪòϱǧƸסˣһϽ𲧴߶ޱȾ޴󣬳ͷĲλͻ˹ȥ


2083 Ȫ·ϵ
鵽زϲǱǸסˡ
һƴ˽ǽƣÿһ˶Լǿһչ˳ƴѾǭ¿ĵز
ʵ֮ǰܹʰϾû̫İգǰθĽֵУұо̫ǿˣɽһθԵеʱһ֮ڱԽ׾ٵĸſ¡
ʱҵΪֹͣǰҲ˵ɽĶʬʬħ֮ȻɽһսǳΪĹؼ֮ΪҸǹɵԩԹศɣתΪԼʵӶиͻơ
ԪһӵȫΪ׻ϵΪҲɸɾ
Ԫǰ׻ϣһϵϼһΪԸĪ⣬˵Ϊÿ˶֮һΪתϣǾѾֲܿˣҲ˵ҲҹԼյУԿװǣõԷʮΪ
ۺһ𣬲Żγɽ죬ܹһսʵ
֮⣬ǽԼǰһּ䣬ҲζΪǱĬһʵķԽ
չҲڻɽ֮սУܹǶһʶͨЩֶΣչҲǳΪɵΪҲǸĪ⡣
һ͸˵ˣǧǿһΪҲǿӱ˵ǧҲһıƣ˩һϵƣǧƵʵһǿȻҲӰ쵽һΪһҲĿõġ
ʵ⣬Ƕĳ֣Ҳ֪ʵжǿһս׻λϣܹȫˣڿҸ֣Һܶ࣬಻սˣҽ治Ķ֡
ĳ֣Ǻܴæǧϵı֮ʵΪ֮£ǧƲų룬һǻΪƵϵϣһ±סӴ
ǧһ֮Уţȵˣ϶ҲѲá
ûлΪƵ֮£ǧƲһ֣Ǵ˿Ϊƣ֮Ӵȫµǧ벻ֶѡ
˿̣ǧڻΪƵϺһڣ
һոսײãƣ쳣ߵߣһڻԵİչ˵Сû¶һӦþֱɱ˻ôţֻҪһ仰ǧƱҪ
ʱһɱ̫ϧһΪ˺ϴ辭ˣҵΪػͻͽߵľ硣
Ǻã϶ˣǧƸµƣԼʰáһ˵ţ㳯ϵķһڣȻǧƱǾԴ˳ֱǵߣΧǻķȥ
ʮֲĿǾ޴Ͻ𲧣һһ³ǾԴͻһʮΣֱǾԴϵƬѪ
ˣٴʹˡҳŻ˵
ѾͦĶһС׸Ȼ˵ҲϽ𲧣۵һƨɵ˵ϡ
˺ˣȻʩչ˺ϴ辭һɿֲ֮㳯Ǿķ˹ȥ
֮µѡΪƣûüʩչֲɱ㱻ǧ֮У˹ƣͣҴ߶˺ϴ辭ʱͷ֮ϵһ˫ĵ۾ȴǷߺ޺ͲʵĿҡ
գ˺ϴ辭֮ӵǾϣܹоһޱӴһһɵĳ֮пٵĻ۶
Ǿʵ˻һҪһ壬ȴҲȲ
˺ϴ辭֮ԽԽǿǾۿɼٶȲϵС˴ԼӵĹ⾰ǾջǱϵģһץϵ㱻Ҹ˹һ±ץסϵĲӡ
ʱϾȻһҲûзֻ˫۾ȴֱĿңһǾһ㡣
˺ϴ辭ֲ֮£κ˶ӲѵģĿϵһһˮޱȲϣʱͻȻֿ˸ɱ죬ɳƵЦܶϾҪˡʱǶҪҲҶˡһڻȪ·ϵǡ


2084 ȥ¥
˵ⷬһվҪˣ⻰˵Ȼм٣Ǿʲôʱ˭Ҳ֪Ҳ϶ǲ˵ġ
ǣҼӴ˺ϴ辭ȣҲȥݿһ㣬ֱӽϵٵեɣ϶ܿͱһ߸ɿݵİ׹ǣȻҷ
˺ϴ辭ֶΣʱõͣһʮӴͨתϵΪ̫ˣһʱҲɾ
ħһĴڣڱնɱҲڸˡ
Ҹү˵ǰ㣬ܹ˳ˣָоĺˬ
Ǽɱ޷ɸ˵ܹǸ취;ޱãҲֻһʵʵˡ
֮ɱжȥǷ󣬳˹æ˵¸㶨Ǿ뿪ɣҹζࡣ
ɨһˣÿһ˶۵ĽƣսΪ˶Ըϣ˶ƴ
ȻǸɱˣѪկкܶˣЩҲǻǳɽʱɱٱǶ٣ϱɱѪկҲûĹǣΧկӳ걻ѪկѹЩʣҲɲ̫
Ӧһæк˳ɽ·ȥڰϰչҲܿ˹֮СӱЦ˵˵ԼȻû
ΪƵһڶ֣չʱ;Լˣ۾һǶڣԼţ͸һƵġ
һ˳˹ƶķΧڼҲûпСȺЩĴڣǽЩѪկ˸ɽˣֻ֮ܿʬ壬Ҳ֪Ƕȥ
·ϣұһ·ЩƯһһϵıƱǧƸˣĵкܿ˲٣ǧƽⲿˣָܹɵĵС
һƣһЦ˵ϵıȷʵڹƶ֮ǼƷǧƻźܴĲ࣬ıһ̣ǧƹҵĵС
Ҳ˵ǧڲָ߳ɵĵУĿԽԽˣһҲջܴ
ԽǰߣͻȻ;Щ
ղҺһ˴УѪƵʽѪٻЩȫʴǧٿףѪկԮҲкܶ౻ʴһ̱ŧѪ֮һֳܴף˷Ĳ״ͱˣǲ֫ϱۣѪɺӣȻЩȥ˶Ҳˣ֮ǰʱ򣬿ѪկĹģѪկǧˣɱЩˣԶԶ˶ȥˣ
ܿһ˾˰ɽѪկĴľۼأֵ¥ڣѾȥ¥գկһƬţûпһˡ
֮Ҳ˵ĵһЩʬ壬ҲвٹƳڵ֮ЩʬӦСȴЩնɱġ
һΣвⶼɻʱͣԭأ
еȫһΪնɱ֮󣬱ȻѪկƴֿҪǾһսôҲû뵽ٵΡ
Ѫկ˱ǸƵˣһȫɢɣ
ʱҲһŵɫĹһۣˣѪկأһ·Ȼûκεֿ
˰ɣ϶ɱˣҲͷġе
ܲԾһСˣѪկ˿϶ô׾ͻưոݡѵ
˷ɢΪǣһ·ǰߣɽߵʱҿʼȹͨСѾͷҲ֪ȥҵĵĲС
Һܿ͸ȡϵĹ򣬵һŻ⳯߿ٵı˹Ƕʦ֣˵ߣϵȵıϢĶʦֵԴ
ֹƬ̣һɺɷҲƮ˹ȻûΣͣҵǰСһɫ˵СŸ硭Ҳ֪ʲôѪկ˺ǵõʲô˵һȫȥǶԵУȫɽ£ҸоǱ߿϶ʲôԱŶʦֻˡ
СȵĻٴα˴˿һۣҿɵǷʲô
˵ڵЩ׽Сһͺãǰ̽·ӦԲ֮ڵǿٵ뿪


2085 һ
˵̽·ԳܹٿطԲʮ֮ڵĹǲ顣
Ѫկʣµ˵Ȼһգǲģ˶ЩĻŻһֻ߾裬߱߿ܹʲô˭Ҳ˵á
ȫһģһ·ٵĳɽ¶ȥ˵Ҳ֣ѪկЩ˵ľۼصȻһգɽ;Ҳһˣһ·УǾȻȻѪկȻһ·֮ϣҲвѪկŵƵĻأиոϱƵǧڣһжӭж⡣
ǧ֮ЩƳ׷˱ᣬ糱ˮһɢȥ
뿪Ѫկǰһξ룬ûκ赲ԽԽе֣ΧĿ£ǼЩŵĴϢͽŲ֮⣬κζһ˿ûС
̫ŹˣѪկأ
ôôһĹȫûӰˡǵӺҲ֪ܵʲôط
ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ƮߵСͻȻһСŸ硭Σգ
˵񾭶ţС˵ӶϽ𲧵ĻжȻ㽫еϽ׷ɵ˰֮У˷ϣ˶ûеȷȫɣһӵôϽ֮ϣʱð˻ӣΪ֮һΡ
治ϣ
ǿӵ֮󣬽ϵӵߴ˹ǽԶӦǾѻǹ׼ǣԷҲ֪ߵ˾ԺܸߣõԶ̾ѻǹ
Էǵ͹ǵʵСȿԿƷԲ֮ڵĹͨ籨ţԷһʲôСҲܹġ
ãһ쳷һɻгŷϣ˳һӶݶȥڼ䣬ӵɳ߲ϵĴ˹
ԲԡӦòѪկ˸ĹѪկǲǹģӦһ롣
¶ʱͷͻȻһ޴ĺ֮һ
̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ֲ֪ð˼ֱ߿ٵķ˹ΧĴһζֱ棬ֱһͦĻǹӵҪǮƵĳǺɨڵ֮һĵӣкܶҲ˻Ͻֵķ֮ϡ
еķϹȻҲܲסԷҵĹһǺüͦǹͬʱߺɨ
һͷȥеʱ򣬷ҧأԵΪǷΧССķֲͣ˸оʱҪ߽ӡ
гŲסʱġ
һҵϣ˵ǳסȳȥǼֱ˵
СţСģⲦпǺˮʥ̵ġѵ
һҲо˵Ӧò̩࣬ˮʥ׷ɱʱ򣬶ԷǳװֱģˮʥǵзֲҲֻĴֱʡ
ˮʥ̺һصϵУҲ֪ģ߱ԮǸɱˡ
ˮʥҪէ³ߣ³
λǼ˵УǵĽէ³ţƾɱ˺ˮʥ̵ߺ͵³ˮʥҲŹǼ
ǶԸϵʱѪկ˱֪ͨ˺ˮʥǱߣΪ˱ⲻҪѪկ˲Ŵկﳷ룬ǡ
Ϊʲôûկﶯ֣ԵҾͲö֪ˣ¶̫½Ѫկˡ
ԽϴָأﲻѪկΧǺˮʥ̵ƹܵĵطǸˮʥˣû취أ¿ǽǸһš
˵ˮʥ̵ͷէ³ҲԵһڵĳЩ͸
ô˵Ҫ˴˿̵Σ˵ȽЩл˸ɵ
뵽ұûиҴһڣȻżٰ˲˷ϵַΧż⻹ûվڞųȫ֮£ܵĪΣæٴδ߶ٰ˲һξ룬Ǹղվĵطкüӵȥһ㣬ȻԴ
ͷϵӵϵкҲ֪Щѻֵںδ˷ʤæһεĵطȻ֪ͨСȣϽҳЩεľѻ֣ȽǸɵ˵
СӦһֱӻɺɷԳЩžѻֵĵطƮɶȥ


2086 Ǳߺö
Ҹոص⴦ڣܿ챻ͷϵǼֱˣȻһֱֱӵת˷򣬳߶ӵһ·к
ڸǹеҲ˽⣬עֻ֪ǣֱϵĻǹӵ޴ֵĴֻ輸ӵȥضϣʯͷҲܹķ飬ӵ˵ϣǲҵ޷϶ӵ˺Ƭ
ԣֱ߶ʱٴٰ˲һڣҲֻٰͣ˲ͣı任ŷλΪҲ֪жٰѾѻǹ׼ҵԴ
ڲϱ任ŷλͬʱһεĴ߶콣ǻʽͷǼֱɻ˹ȥ
һͺɫĻԽԽ󣬳һֱɻϯȥǻٶȺܿ죬Ǽֱɻ˷ֻʱѾæתҪһӶݣǻֻҪǲҵĿ϶ǲݵġ
ͷ֮Ϸ䡱һ죬ɫĻһ±ݺײһֱ棬˲㽫ֱȼˣȼһž޴Ļ⣬յһƬѩ
Ȼֱڰ֮ת˼ȦһԴ˵ϣѿ
ҿһйãڲϱ任λͬʱæһл죬ʣֱɻȥ
ֱʱŵĵͷܣҪе뿪գһֱɻסһֱɻһ㣬ˤһ顣
ҸոϵΪûãԹͣһΪתҵڣһΪڵ֮УҴ˿ĵıǵ֮һҲó
ֱ϶ǲٹˣǾѻǹڲͣļš
ǱûǼֱвʱסţǷϺܿҲȶ
ϻ˳һ룬ڻǡҳǺ
гҵ˵ͷϽ𲧵֮£ŲԶֶȥ򲻶϶ٰ˲ֶΣǵΧ
ֻĹͻȻоǾѻǹ˺ܶ࣬Ǳ߷ӦǸɵ˼ѻ֡
ʵڵ˸оЩһȥһӰ˸ղǼֱ֮⣬㿴κˣֻϡϡӵߴ
ڻˣܿ͵ǰ֮Уïֲܵӳʱȫ˺ܶ࣬۵Ĳᣬ䤱æϽ𲧣˷ɢһЩǰܡ
ûãСȺܿƮ˹ҶЩҵ˵СŸ硭Ǳߺöˣ󲿷ֶǺˮʥ̵ġк֣ܶȸոմǼˣЩˮʥ̵ĺɮ˺ܶ࣬Ҿͻˡ
治ϣǺˮʥ̵˹Ԯղһã˺ˮʥ̵֮⣬һܹĸߣԬڽǵ
ԬϾǼ£ҪǿʵҲһ˵˾ġ
Ψкˮʥ̲Ĵֱʡ
Է˶ˣʵ
ܶ࡭ܶ࡭˺ˮʥ̵ˣѪկղ˳ȥˣΧһƬЩ˺Զ֮УԲﶼΧˣڿٵǿӲȥˡЩµ˵
û¶ɱһѪ·ҵ
ûһ˼ǰ汼ȥ
ȻܳȥûжԶյ˲ףкܶкܶӵ˵Ще˵̩е˵ԽϻһЩǶв٣˵ûѾǸΧˣˮйͨ
ûбģֻӲɱһѪ·
һͷһȣȺܿҵ˼˼ɫСƮٸ׵ĹͻȻð˳ɱųǰɱȥ
߸һӭıһӵкæ˼շ䣬ϣǰ棬Ѿ۵ĿҪˣʵЩŲסˣֻõһ
ЩͨӵκβǵģӵɨƬ̣Զ㴫˺ɱ֮ϣ˳תͷֵǵֵǣˮʥ̵ԮˣܻܲųȥͿǵ컯ˣһɱ
Ҳ޶׷˷һ·ǰͳȥǳƬС֮ǰһڣ˹ľЩڸһȺɮĻȣйЩɮĻҷ


2087 뻢
ճȺ뻢ѡ
ֵܼǶֶѣȻɱˣҪ뿪ô׵顣
ȫסˣСȷųЩȻ٣ӭЩĺɮ࣬кɮѪկЩǹѪկɱϣǱȻǺ֮ǣƴɱȫǲҪĽࡣ
ȷųЩЩרʬĺɮֵ£ֲ̫ãƬƬĵЩɮ֮ϣЩǱЩɮųĹֱɵġ
СȿԼ߳ƬĹҷҲˣһΣ㳯ЩɮųĹϯȥɺɷϯЩɮųĹҲܵСҵķǿɱ֮£ЩɮųĹҲСɵ˲٣ˣЩɮҲЩСȵУ˵ϣֹɷ塣
߸ϣȻûʲô˵ģһϣ㷨˺ˮʥ̺ѪկЩˡ
ʵԷЩмܣһ֮䣬㵹˼ʮˡ
Ϊ͵ĻһֱЦĶᣬеķһ֮䣬㻯ǧ˿ߣֱסˣһ˲˱ǷķѣʬѪŽĵǡ
ɱ˵ֶΣЩ̾Ϊֹ˵ŵӲɱôⶫȷһ⣬ɱֶλ쳣Ĳҡ
ЭܿɱһѪ·һǱǱ¶Լвأ߾ۼԽԽ࣬оҲɱɾǰ·ãһƬڡ
һ·ɱ˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰Էϰˣÿһ˵ȫմѪŷֿĶЩˣͷȥʱĻ˸еޱȵľ
֮ϣ֮УȫĹƳ棬ǧæĲɺҸо⧲֮䣬ƺԷųĹƳҧһڣֻǻûеǹƶǧƱٵķɵҵ֮УҽƸˡ
˿϶ҲҲΣΪԷųĹƺͽͷ̫ˣѾ޷мܡ
رΧ»û뿪ˡ
һٴοɱ֮ʣǽʦָһѴǬ˱ק˳ŶȺ֮˳ȥʦһڻָһЩһ㳯ǰһԪ֮ȼ˺üɮѪկˣȻȻ˳ȥȺ֮УֱЩƲɵ
һðļһǹƶǽͷС𲻵κãȺսʦֵȷܹӳܴó
ʦַųȥ֮ҽֽéɽ˳˷һΣĬ˼ղűɱЩˣֻҪʬ彡ȫģԴģһ˲ȫëݣָ絶Ȼ֮ӵϷ׷׵³һɫʬȻ۾ɭâ㳯Ⱥ֮гɱ˹ȥ
һ£߰ʮʬͦ𣬶ȫһˮëʬéɽܹٿصҲǶʮëʬȫǺëźëʬһΣұ֪ҵΪǱĬ֮־˺ܶࡣ
ԷЩˮʥ̺ѪկˣһͻȻðôëʬҲһŵķ׷׷һ֮׷׺˼
˵ëʬ׶ӣЩаɢĿֲųҲЩˮʥ̺Ѫկľ
Ǿ֮࣬ٴλζһéɽ壬ֱӶǷ˽źš
һƬëʬһεķһ˻𣬳Ծȥ
˶ëʬڻ֮£жʦǰʱǼ˺ܴѹЩҲʮֿ־ͼɵЩëʬΪڳľˣûмЩ
ۼʮëʬǰǿЩʬɢ˾ˡ
ЩëʬǿʱǵͻΧǵЩëʬǰˣ޲Щֲëʬҧ˲ӣ˺Ƭ״ޱȲҡ
ëʬĵȼѾܸˣǹ벻˵ǵаһϵЩҲ֪οЩֲĽʬǰҲֻбɱķݶҲЩΪĺɮ˲סһëʬڵأЩëʬܿĴӵϵٴγЩȥ
Щëʬڻ֮£ǰͻףһ󳤴ʬ壬Ϊܹһڣܹɱȥʱ򣬰֮УͻȻһⶸȻ䳯˹


2088 ӭ
ôһŻ⣬ڵһ³ǹڰ֮лһߣջ˵ϣҶһֹڵصľȻǶʦ֣һˤĲᣬڵϵʱ򣬻Ļ涼Ϩ֮ȼĻҲû֮ǰǰʢ
ʦ͵ļһȻܹǸƤһɳȥܹ˵˶ʦеޣǵöôߵĵС
˷ӦԾǰǿëʬҲһıɶ𣬳˹˷׷׾˷Щҹëʬ˳ȥ
Щ֪ʲô˴ɶëʬڵ֮ȫָԭģһ߾ͨͨʬ壬ҶپЩǰ濪ëʬȫéɽٻ˹Ǽ˵ΧֹͻȻǹ
һЩˮʥ̺ѪկҲȫ֣ͣٵĺ˶ȥǰͻȻһͨڰδ֪ǰǱþͻΧķ
Щˮʥ̺ѪկȻǰɽŰΧ㣬һֱӵԶĵطҲ֪ˮʥ̾˶ˣѪկһǧţƺƵټϺˮʥˣǲһָоýǶӲȥˡ
š
ɱͣЪܱ֮һƬţһûС
ԡѪսǼˣڼʮëʬĻ֮£ȫűĳɨһۣĿ⻹ǰĺڰ֮
Ǻڰĵط˺ܴѹղŶʦֺǼëʬǴǸطɹģʲôˣǿʵǲļɵ
һļž֮󣬴ǺڰͻȻһЩɳɳĽŲԶ߶
Īģҵߵļˣͷ֮Ҳϸܵĺһ򶨵ĶᣬҲ۾ľĵһٴеģ
ʱһһĹȥɳɳԽԽˡ
ԼĪ֮ӳǼյһ㳯Ʈ
յƮһЩʱҲſķԭźźɫɮ۵ɮɮȻСɮۿҲӺݻһ㲻ͨĺɮ
ŵȺĺۺɮһȺ۵ĺɮֻûŵ˺̧һӣλƵĳ߶
ʱǽӻ֨֨¡졣
ⶼʲôˣúӣоһºԽǰһ㡣
̧ӵ˺ܶ࣬ȫǴŴӵĺɮҴɨһۣһʮˣǰźˡ
ǽӾͣǶʮײĵط̧ӵĺɮĽӷ˵ϣȻ׷ڵأһΧЩˮʥ̵ˣҲȫ˵ϣ˵һ仰̩һ仰ҵܹ˵ǡӭ
ȥ꣬
ʱҾһ㶣Ǻˮʥ̵ͷէ³
ħͷһĴڣ˵̩ҵݣͨ죬ΪǸĪ⡣
ǼѪկ飬Ȼˮʥ̵Ľէ³˹⻹ײǹˡ
һʼǾէ³ܻû뵽Ļ
ô찡
̩ߵ˳ǿͶ֮⣬ȫڿЩˮʥ̵ȫ֮ȫŵĻһ¡
Һַܿһ⣬ڵϵĶǺˮʥ̵ˣѪկ˲û¹Ȼǽ˳˾ηȴûйڵϡ
ܼ򵥣Ѫկһصһصа̺ʵҪԶԶǿںˮʥ̣Ѫկˮʥ̵ĵλһص⣬ֻԼһСֵܣԮ˶ѣԲ¹
ĵˣа̣ҲԼӦеĹϡ
ǽڵ֮ۺɮӵϹϾ˹ȥ򿪣Ȼһֻϵִӽ˳Ǻɮһ֣Ĳסǽˣһͷ˳
ͷ̬ӣƤܰףͷ˿ϴʮֻ󣬺ý˿ƶɵӣֻ·ЩΡΡģнľ֮УǴϴͷ˱Ȼţ߸֮ˣϵƲŭ̬ϣֲ˵̩ҵݣڴ˿ɼһߡ
ӽ֮߳ͷ˳ֻһۺɮӹһһڳǹıУǹϵ̵ͼ쳣Ŀ


2089 
ͷӹǷҵȣȻŻ̧Ƥ߿һۣͷȻ̬ӣ۾ȴ쳣Ӥһ㣬ֻһۣ㿴ҵľ
ĵɨһ֮ͷ˵һ仰仰̩ȫܹ˵ǣǼˣɱߺ͵³
һۺɮϹϾػصʥǼˡ
Ǻۺɮո˵꣬ʱ򣬴ѪկȺ֮ͻȻ߳һˣֱէ³һ֣ޱȱߵ˵ʥʩԮ֣Ѫկ˴˿֮ͽǲǰʦУѪկˮʥһ´ˮѪֵһ㣬⼸֮ͽһصѪկĳˣǺˮʥ̵ĴУߺ͵³Ҳ֮֡
˵ϵһͽܣ֮ǰɽϼӻ˵仰ڲƭɽ£һŮˣֺ裬Ʊˮʥͨ籨ţŽǸ
Ųһ˵է³һЩŵ˵ϵܹ汻Ǹɱˣ
һ÷ʦסҪȥԮ޷Ƴһ֣ʦɱˣҪЩƳ䵱ߣҲ˽֪Щ˵Ķ֣æ֪ͨʥԮʥʦĽϣʦ𣡡˵ţɵۿͨ죬߿˹ܹ
է³ҡͷ̾ϢһӲ˵û뵽ϵݺὭʮ꣬ȴɥڼ֣֮˵ϵǰΪҲɥǡ
治٣Ů֪ͨ˺ˮʥ̣ԷҲĹġ
ʥһΪѪկ費ɵʧʹ
ӡطģϵܵĽǳһΪѩ޵ģǲΪϵܣƾǼɱʥ̵ߺ͵³ϷҲ׷ŹǣԶڻĵʱ򣬱޳Īǵ˱Ƥӵ£ﻹǻ뿪է³˵ţٴοǣϻͷų˿ֲɱһ˿ۻƮɱ߹
ͷһʵչֳұٵĽԼĞų˹ȥһͷΪһ̽һ˵ΪԶ֮ϣҸоӦøһλǲ磬ӦҲ˶١
Ͼǵа̾뢣Ϊ϶ȥ
Ҹܵˣڳȫܵ˴˿ֲʵ»Ѱˣǧ㣬ûн˼ǵļƻ֮УΪûǱȫˣ˭֪˺ˮʥ̵ͷŴħͷէ³
ˡ
ǰװʲôͷ⣬ȳ԰һ˵첻µزµӣ˸ûзӦ㽫Ͻ𲧼˳ȥէ³źݺȥ
է³֣Ե۵ĺɮǰֱֳĦŻеϽص˹ȥ
֮Уһ죬еϽ𲧱㱻ҵĵ˻ȥһ̽ϽУס֮ⷴ˼
λ۵ĺɮҲԲסһУ岽ͣ
üһէ³̧ӵĺɮҲǸк֣ʮ˵ʵ±ܹЩˣ˵߻ǿէ³ˡ
ǿ϶ִܵģҲеéɽһ֮䣬жʮëʬէ³ķԾȥЩëʬڻֱէ³ɱ˹ȥ
ȻǶ֣һҪץסʱΪǿռ˾ռˡ
ǲЩëʬյէ³ߣЩղ̧ӵĺۺɮǰէ³ǰеĴĦХ֮䣬㳯Щëʬϴ˹ȥ
ЩеĴĦӦ̺ŷУƺܹסЩëʬЩëʬϵʱǹd֣â貣ˡһ죬ëʬϺ񴥵һ㣬ð˰̣㳯
ҳЩۺɮֵʱеĽһɨǧһǻ㾦ǰһбһۺɮôĦ£Ǻһл㾦ȴǹᴩؿڣһǺۺɮ߶ûһֱͦͦĵȥʱҳ룬ֱӴէ³ؿڡ
ңէ³ŭһꪱ㳯˹


2090 ռȻ
еĽէ³еꪺݺݵײһ𣬶ʱоһɺľϴһһ˱ǵ˳ȥڰ֮һӷ˫ȱ˵֮ϡ
ûǲ뵽˵棬˫Ȳȳӳؼʱ̣һ˶תǬƽȫתƵ˵֮ϣҪȻһұȻܵСĳ
ֻǸէ³ƴһУߵ磬֮ǰǰ㣬ˮʥ̵ĽǵͷŴħͷΪ֮ϣӽһصΪʵֲ
ڳλ̹ʵģʶΪײеĶ֣ǰէ³бûôֲˡ
˿Ψн߾ȫԷƴһ
ұէ³һбɳȥ֮һĶϻ˶ʱǰҲէ³ͬʱЩˮʥ̺ѪկҲӿ˹
æҡéɽ壬Щëʬźˮʥ̺ѪկЩ˳ɱ˹ȥǵסЩԴԴӿȺ
Щëʬɱǿէ³ŵЩۺɮЩëʬп֮ЩëʬԸէ³ЩۺɮѻʯǶԸЩˮʥ̺ѪկͨȴǴ´ࡣ
է³ǱߣǼֻһˣжڣ˵Ҳһʤ㣬ҲõĴ㣬ĿǰҲֻοԼ
ЩëʬٵɢȺ֮УСҲԼŬ׵Ĺһεٻ˳ȶס棬ܹĵĶԸէ³
˿ȫߵЦʦ̫Լǿʵչ˳ʵһֱ׼ʦ̫жǿʵÿһγУʦ̫һ־֮С
ǵһɱȥģǰۺɮסȥ·Ƕһǧ˿гЩ˲ƶȥЩæŴĦǰֵʱǶеķͻȻ֣ĺ֮Ͽٵķɳһѳһ±УǶ˼еĽܿͻһӰʣһûпôһ¶·ϵĺɮ㱻ǶֱӽԴնˡ
Щ˵ʬԵڵϣѾէ³ߣٵĸ˼С
˿ʩչı󽣷𽭺ľʩչʱ⽣޴󣬲ʩչ󽣷ʱʩչЧȫָǴٶϻϣҪǿ̫ࡣ
Ըϵʱ򣬶ᶼûʩչ󽣷ȴԸէ³ɼȻէ³һС
ҺͻСչһһסţʱһϣųûէ³ˣ룬է³ЩۺɮֱӺǵǰ浲סȥ·
է³˲͹ʮУǽʩչ˷ɵһƬȫǽӰƿ죬ȴӰӣ˵Ӱ׽̫ˣۻҡ
ǺȥæЩۺɮҲǺöԸģʮˣֳִĦǵƮȻ赲ǰĵ·
Щ˵УҲֻܹһֱǿս˶ѾǾƣߣԸЩ۵ĺɮЩмܡ
ԷռһƣÿۺɮԸߵһˣвѪկͺˮʥ̵ͻЩëʬ͹ɱǰγ˺ܴ谭
ΪռȻҲƴˣʩչ˺ü콣ǰۺɮڵأȻȥǵ·ֶԦľסǰ浲·ļѪկˣڱէ³Ľǰ
ʱ򣬱ߵ鷢ˣһֱէ³սĶͻȻһҺߣóߵɶһֽסȴǶϴһɴײźЩûеڵء
ܼĽӰȻһգǰѳߣʯ֮У졣
ҶûüΣէ³ͦǸꪳĿ˹
ȥүģ
аһһһ绢ʽͳէ³˹ȥ֮ǣҵǰѿһ޴ĹֳԼٶȳէ³Ӷȥէ³ͻȻ㽫еꪳǰһףȵ˵ϣ綨һ㣬ǵɷ֮ʱ֮С


2091 ڿ¶
է³ԼٶȳҵǰһƱ㳯ҵؿ˹
һֻֻڱűէ³˵Ķᣬæ֮Уæһֻƣէ³ƴҾǾûһ飬ԼˣǶ㳯źһεĵ˳ȥҺͶȫ˵ϡ
ѪҺǷˣҲ죬ſڵһӣ̧ͷէ³ķȥ
ղŶƴһƣէ³ȻҲôùҳ˶תǬ֮⣬ƺʹƣ⣬Ÿէ³ԺģҴɳȥ֮է³ԭһ£Լջһأ˵ơСӴѧֶΣ
һӦէ³ٴһ֣Ǹ˲ڵϵꪶȻӵϷɳУʮԶľ룬㳯˹
ҵ廹Щ飬ղűէ³ĵڻûлָҸʱ򣬲ŷֶǰ棬է³꪿϶ȴ͸ܴ
ٰ˲ģƾҴ˿̵Ϊ϶ûʲô⣬ǰ涫˵أҪǹˣĲ̣ô˵ҲʦҸүǧ˿ƵĹϵҲܾôˡ
һ̣ʲôûȥ룬ֱ˫ס˽꣬صĳէ³ȥһͬʱҲ˱ꪹᴩŵ׼
һʮ࣬һҶ۾Ǵûдκγ֮УֻһصĽǰ˳ȥǽûдκζϸʲôоûУæ۾Լһۣãڣһš
ģ́ͷǰȥʱǰͻȻһѽ˻ζ⽣ޱ졣
է³ǰѽ˳ȥҲ˵ϣֻ¶ʮ׵İ档
ղŻһѪĶᣬڿǰǰѽʱ򣬼ĻһȻѿڶϹ
ͷҲһȻ˵ǰǰѽ죬ΪҼҸү꽣ڹŹصʱҼүѽʮ
ѵδڳէ³Щŵĳɨһۣٴĺ˵ηʥͷ¶βûôβһ
˵ͬʱէ³һ֣һεĽꪸץС
ԭĿռٴΰЩëʬҲõҵվԭء
Ҹүˣǻʲôµģһ뵽нסϲ֡
ү˵Լȥ洳гˣһЩĲ£ؼʱڿˡ
է³˵Ǿ仰֮ľһȻ㿴һɫӰ֪֣ΧЩ˵ϣ֮䣬ǵĽǰүһֻȵĲǰ꽣ϣ˫֣է³ȫһӸµļơ
ʲôˣҺˮʥԣ֪ʲô𣿡է³һĿҸү׺ݵʵ
һүվҽסѿڶүôˡ
ӣ֮󣬸ү˼ǾЩףѪկһҲˣֻȽϸӣ̸ӴүǳԿ԰йƣûʲô¶뿪ǣˮʥ̵ͷŴħͷէ³۸СˣϷֻó͸͸˳һܡүЦе˵ţһɫĳ΢֮Ʈ׵һ˵
ү⻰ͷһů˵мĻһֱбǰĶͻȻЩ˵Ϲô꣬ڿ¶ˡ
⻰˵ԹģҶод
үһ죬бڵϵĶᣬЩ˵С⻰ô˵ģϷһֱڱչУ˵ľ͸ϷƵġ
㲻ǶһأҪ㸺ңҺڳҷţƹŷһһж㺦ġǶ˵˶鴦ͻȻ޿
˵ʵү˿̵׶Ѿ쵽ӸˣǼСҲ࣬˼ټʮˣһͣȻ
ү̾ϢһСȥĶȥɣǶͣеһжҪΪŵӣվûп͸쳾ִ̫ʲôԹһ㵥Ϸ˵ҪϷЩǰۣ͵ǸϷֱΣ


2092 ˳
Ϲ㺦ҺÿడԴʧ֮ұıݣӲĿʾˣʮˣٴμ㣬ƶڽˡ˵ʮּͻȻ֣Լ°ʹһܿ콫һƤ߸¶ıĿ
ٶڳ˶һ㶣ҿ򶫺ʱ򣬷ָıһģ֮ǰƤ߲ޱȣȫƣòªƤһÿ֮󣬱ֳ˶ݣıĿȥһˣȥҲʮͣƤʮְ𪣬ȻѾСˣҲ˺ܶۼڵģⶫʱ򣬾һһĴˡ
Ǽ˶Ȧˣ˭Ҳû붫ῴҸү˼ⷬٶڿҸү֮ȫ˷磬ⶼûˣҸүˡ
үҲһΣɿһСǵԺ˵ϷȽⶫǵĴħͷէ³ʰ˵
Ϊθүʱȵ״̬үһΣ˳Ʊ㽫꽣Уֱӳէ³ɱ˹ȥ
û뵽û뵽үʱҲǷ˲ٷծ˼ˡ
үէ³˲ͽ֣һʼ˵Ķꪺ꽣ײһӲŷֿһǹеٶȾԽԽˡ
һѭ򽥽Ḷ́Լãүէ³ҲʮֵӣУƬ̣˵α㻯磬졣
ڳ˶ס˺λֽ
ڼ䣬է³һ£۵ĺɮҪȥո֣͵ϮһҸүֻǻûпǵߣ˱һ±˳Ѫ֮Уҡ
ּĸֽȥ͵ϮȻʲô֮ѡǹȥ֮ŸǲΪ
˵Ķ̫ˣҸԷγ֣Ŵ˱㵽˲ԶĴ֮УƬƬľ£ҰһƵ֮
˵ĿⶼۼƬ֮УŵҴϢ
һǶǺˮʥ̵ͷħͷէ³һǻĵһġ
˭Ӯⳡƴ˶ĿԴ
ԼĪֹʮӵĹ⾰ƴͻȻֻصԭȵĳ֮С
ү꽣˺֮ϣէ³˫һ䱸ĿҸүһ֮󣬲ŽǷ
ʲô˭˭Ӯˣ
ߣէ³ŭһеꪽߵһۺɮȻ˽ӣкˮʥ̵ȫ˳է³ٵĳ뿪
ʱѪկϵͽܲͻȻէ³ĽԱߣͨһ¾͹˵ϣе˵ʥʦĴδܾ˰
裬Ҳ߰ɣϷ뿪ܱסһܸѪկһЩѪûʲô㲻ǵĶ֡է³ЩȻ˵
ʥвʣҪ˵ЩʲôǱէ³ĽѾ˸̧λƵĳŴȥ˿ҲڵĴէ³޿κΣһСŮֳʲô۶ӳ
ߺ޵ĿһۣȻҲѪկ˸է³Ҵ뿪
һз̫ˣһûиʲô顣
է³뿪˭Ӯˣ
һͻǷ׷׿ң˼ø⣬Ѫկ˱նݳº󻼣ʵҲôģҿүʱ򣬵ˮûʲôʾ
˿Ҹү뿪ġ
Щȫ뿪֮Ҳߵ˸үߣСʵүղէ³ƴӮˣΪλҪ뿪է³ڶ޶֪˶޹֮ˣˣ̫ˡ
үͷһۣ˵СŰЩ㻹ǿ̫ǳէ³ˣү֮ǰжţ̩ҵĳԱλҽէ³ɱˣ̩ȻһĹٷ鷳𲻱Ҫˣߣէ³ŷħѮƴ˫ûʩչȫһħѮʵԼϣ˭ʤ˭Ҳδ֪үղֻǸһѵ֪Ѷˡ
˵ţүĿ˵ڵϵĶϣ˹ȥеʵ˵زأ
ֹ£תͷȥһԹģ
үһΣȻ˵ЩСøȥɣ뿪


2093 ּ
ү϶Щõǵ˵һ飬ЩСҲùʣ£Ǳ͸үָǣҴ뿪
߳ȥʮҵľʱ򣬵үһץסǶĸ첲Ҳԭʧˡ
ү㣬ûӰȥ٣Ѿϰˡ
һƲ߳ԶֱӽһƬ֮Убǵȥģ
˶ס˽ŲһطʼһĴ㡣
һѪկ֮Уǿ϶ûаϱǸնɱˣһȫΪֻҪⲿΪҪһʱת
Ѫկûбγ󲿷ֵʵڣδҲʮּɵ飬Ҳ֪ǸүôģǷЩˮʥ̵ˣѪկ˶ˡ
δսҲƣЪЪţʱ򣬻бСţһݣŽǺֱܽɱȥԬϳ˰ɣ
ʵҲ뷨ֻЩ׼Ǳ㿴ɣɳƬ̣ŵҾڲ˶֣ղսǶѾƣʵڲ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ǹѪկɱϣ̲Сˮʥ̵˶ˣԬǱ߿϶ҲõϢʱȥ˵Ѿﲼú޵ڵء
飬һʼ;ģȶһһõϢǽļƻгɺܴĸš
ʱһͻȻһ֣üͷʾһﲻҪ
˲ԣͬһʱ̸ֹۣͣĳܿȥ
ʲô˹ģϽһ˵
˵䣬һ㳯ź￴˹ȥǲҲЩ벻է³˻ɣ
ҡҡһϤӺڰ˹ʱǱ㿴˳˹
һŷ͵ӡ
ƴʱ򣬵ӱ֪ܵȥˣͻȻð˳Ҳ֪ʱںδ
λүּˡһΪС϶ءǣԵʮּ˵
ܵͦ찡ǶԸϵʱȥˣʵ
ʱҲ֪ԼȥȫƾӴ·˸طƽ֮ǲ͵͵Ǳ˳ղźˮʥ̵ҲˣȴҲ֪ôͻȻ뿪ˣλүôģֵ
СӣԭǱΧҲæƲһ۵
ʱһΣЦ˵λүҵͣȥҲͱȡЦˡ
ϱɱˣһֱƲĵͻȻʵ
ǵģɱˣʬ޴档ҵ
һĿ⿴Զ˵ҾȪ֮µĸĸڿĿˣɱҸĸһʱ޿̲űҲǰ︸ĸĴˡ
ӽʲô㣿ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʱûд㣬ҽѪկһ𣬱ע룬կΪˣѪկҲǲܻȥˣһû˵ĵط¿һϴˢԼ²̫˷ˣҸƼΣҿ
ӿҵʲô£
Լص飬ص鵱Уùƶ֮˲࣬ǵ˲ţص϶ʮֻӭġҵ
üͷ˼Ƭ̵Ҹ͢߹
˵ĳֲ͢ǰĳ͢صרŶԸаĴڣ֮ǰϵߣ˺ܶ£ǸһĹµĻᣬ˵أֵ
һһŵҿǿ˵ɡ
ӣһˣ֪ϲʶֵ
˵ӵ
ʶһԬģһֱڽǡ̽ʵ
룬һԬӶʱ͵ɴ۾æʲô
ЩԹû˽ᣬ˳ȥҵ˵
ԬҼΣҲѪկͲ˼ȴޱȴÿѪկһ⣬ΪÿһμҶһľ֮Уϵ̫ˣˣɭɭģһ˵ΪܹͻƣԼʦɱˣûħеΪµ˵


2094 ʲôʱ
Ӹ˵ԬҲ˽Ĳ࣬ⶼǹؼؼǵӸԬĽΡ
Ǳһ˵
Ӹ˵Ԭһ㣬Ȼ棬ȴû˵λÿѪկǹֱϣԬҲǵͷ֮ԬҲͦģϾϵĴӡ
ûȥҹԬֵ
ûСһ㶼ԬѪկʦѪկǱߵϵԬһִģڼǴɣмͷҲɳһЩĹʦһģЩʦѪӲıȽ϶࣬ԬĹϵҪһЩӵ
ѪҲһĺǴɽ֮ϲ֪õʲôֶΣˣΪˣһӽһ£˼ѪӲɱģΪ˵Ŀ֮УѪӸĹϵͦãҲʲôҪᡣ
ҵĽ֮󣬵ӵ˵ͷ˵ܹҲ˾⣬ʮѪԭһʮͽܣܹľͻʣҺѪԼĶɱˣҪôǾΪûʲôҪôΪʲô󣬶ɱ֮쳣Ѫûʲô飬ô꣬ҲĵģǾɱ˹ߣһûʲôüֵˣĶɱ֡
һ£ǵ̾ϢһֵºˣڱɱˣҲԽѡ
ϻҲףҲǿΪѪկ˶Ĵħѹˣһ죬㽫ϵĲбʩչϣһѪկ̸֮ɫ䣬ŷɥ
ʱͻȻһۣѯʵĿ⿴˿ң΢΢ͷ֮ɲŸǵ˵ӣһ֮룬ϣܹæ
ǵתͷҪʲôæֻҪܹģһΪ
ɱ˵ǵ뷨ǾȥȥԬʲôڣֻҪܹԬʣµ㲻õӲˣֱӽԬɷڵرǡ
˵ӳƬ̣Ǵʲôʱ֡
ҿһ˵ԽԽãԺɣԬûзһֲΪɱֱ֮ˮʥ̵׷ɱȲҪԽϣﻹ뵽ǻȥɱ
ǡԬڵĽǿɲѪկźܶǿɱԵĻҾǽȥͲôˡӲ޵ǵ˵
ͲõˣʦǶɱãһԬǾ͸ˣҸղǺˮʥ̵Ľէ³ǱҲкܶɱԺǿǻһȫˡһԵ
ȻִˣҲֻˣԬҲʲôöҲáֵ
ôǱһطЪЪ˵Ϻսһ˶Щƣľ޴󣬱ҪϢָУ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
ܿǾһԲߣڣֱȥսկǱߵ˶ʮѺãǿսկϢ죬Ϣ֮ȥԬ鷳Ҳ١
˵ţǳҹɫһ˼ӿٶȣֱսկȥȵսկʱ컹ûկӴ˼կ˵ƻԶԶĳ߿һۣű㴫կű򿪵죬ȻկΧĹƶҲȫһڣóһ·
կŴ֮սկʮʿԹӭǣʮֻӭӣǸԲֻͨϵĸǷ롣
կ֮󣬲֪һ֪ͨսկĴףҲԹӭǣڴ׵߻һߵѮѹ۾ͣĳһɨۺﲨһһԴ̧
ò˵Ͻ֮صӾһòҪ׵ǣ˼ӲģֻǵŪǿɾͲˣϽկĹկӣ¹ƣӹɵģֻҪЩկĹȷ˹ϵͱҪկ棬ҪϢߣҲ㣬ΪӽӴʱѾ֪һֹƣƣֻҪӵľ̫ԶկĹ߶ƣй֮˱᳦ãѪ


2095 ѵ
⻹ҵģһҲŲɡ
һѮ˼ĻѵҪսկɣܼҿǼҴҵɽԭʼһ
һʲôҲȫη壬ǧڣһйƶ֮ӭж⣬ƶ˵ҲСһһѮ˼ĻҲֻὫսկԼȥӣʱ˭ס
˵ⶼһ飬һеƾԼǣֵܵĶο
ǴʦǸկ֮һ·˵Żʮָ˵ӣȻĿͻȻĬĵϣͻȻͱɫһսկЩʿ㻩Ĵø㷨׼ǣһ
ǿ֪ʲô飬Ҳǻһ˵˵Ǵܹսկѵˡ
ܿ˶֪ǳˣ϶ǵӣսկĴһʶӵġ
ɱ˵ǴĲǵˣѣʲôܲһû˵ĵط˵
ű㽫ǵĻ˹ȥǴʦҡҡͷ˵һͨһɫ
˵˵ˣ̸ԣѪկĵӲܽսկھ뿪
ʦĻʮּ֮£ֻøһõկȺǸ׵¥顣
ʮ־Ŀǵһۣǽһ¥
Щկĵ¥˼һ¥Ǽܿյģ򣬶¥ס˵ĵط˵֮ãΪطʪȣ֮߳ĶȽ϶࣬סһ¥ܲȫױЩҧһЩСӣ̫ùƶ֮Զס档
˶¥֮Ǵױɫʮߴﹾ˵һͨ˼սկһӭȴѪկĵӣǾԲӭģѪկ˽սկһ
׵ı֣ǶѪկ֮ǣҪԭѪկΧկѹ̫ˣÿ궼Ҫկѡͯ͵ѪկѪկĹƶУǱ͵ѪկĺӣûһģˣΧССկӣÿ궼ҪѪկϹʣ衣
Ǽ˱Цˣ˵һѪկڵ
ҲЦŸǴ˵һͨ˼ѪկѾ˸ˣѪկҲɱկ˸˲أɱѪկϵˣǼˡ
һ˵Ǵ׶ʱɴ۾һŵģ˵ôܣѪկһǧ˵կӣկÿһ˶ùƸ֣ϵĹƶ֮ǳ뻯Ͻûе֣ƾǼôܹɱϡ
ƾǼȷʵɱϣһӦδսկĵӣϸƭ˳ǽ÷סһϣŽնɱģΪ˻˺ˮʥ̵Ľէ³òײ˳
Щȫ˹ȥһʼǴ׻Щţ˵ֲýԶĵطǹзɻԭǼ˸ĴΪǸľսء
ҲΪطһֱͲô̫ƽССĦÿ߼¶пһЩֲĦСսҲϰΪֻҪǵǵկӣǾ͵ûп
ôһ˵ʵʵĿӱǴսկײòˣżվһסɵ֣ٴȷһǲˡ
õȷеĴ֮󣬴ϲ񣬸˵һСӣ㵸ģȲıҪȥկϢȴɸס˵ײҪʱҪȥΪǻڱˮʥ̺Ѫկ׷ɱ֮У˳ȥ֪ǾսկǴ֮֡
ȥ֮󣬴ײɫ˵ͷ˵֪ˣȻǵˣǾկɡ
˵˵һײӽկӣǼ˽կ֮Ҳʮֵ͵ͬʱҲߴײҪսկȥǲҪ鷳ҲӦ˵طģսկһ㲻ôկϵկկ֮ľҲԶ˷ǵٵģǲŷ


2096 ٱ¶
⼸֮ڣһҲû뿪սկͶһʮֿĵ¥棬ԻָԼĵ
ĵ࣬ϵΪ˿嵱һֱûлÿʱúһ£ϽΪȻʱҶ˺ϴ辭ҲֻĶԷһҵΪҲʮǿˣⲢܹɵ飬뵱˰׻ϵΪҲǻ˼µʱ䣬һ߻ָƣһڵġ
ڶսկ棬ĶپĶ٣һﲻףʲôһζˣҲ鷳һˣʡ鷳
սկ⼸Ǿһֱڵ¥棬ϲĶûȥ⼸һֱѮѺһկŮͷǼүǣܴÿ˶ܳԺü׷ƽͷʱ򣬶ֱӴһڴһЩկɫСˣЩʮˬڣЩ޷ˣΪЩֱӾǻŵĳӣȻԱ߾СڽһĵϣÿӼŻŵĳӣһ̣ͣҲһˣһǵɫˡ
Ѯѹﻹ˵רдõģͨ˸óΪЩկƱʧ֮ĹѣͲ֮࣬󲹣ǶǷ治״ĵطĲҪҪġ
ȻǻųԼϵģһҼҵ˼˵ڡ
ǹ˵컨׹ǼҲǲϳһģ˵ЩǻŵģҲԣʮȫԵǹģһӾ¡
˵ѦСǼҲҽӦøͬһǡ
ȻǼϳԣ͵ӶӵĲʮͣ۾Ź⣬Ӷ˳Ȳ˿ӱһֻɫཱུĻӷںɫĵһ̾ͣһҧ£ɫ֭ҺܱŽǻӵʹĽ
ιˣҲͿ˳
ȴǳԵִ˲ˣŴһʮģǸ
͵ôһԣŪǼ˳Էûθˡ
ڼ䣬ӻȰǳһȷʮζֻҪһڣ֤ζ˵ѪկʱҲѳһûζⶫ˵ǸЧ֮⣬Ϊȷǲɶõҩš
ǼϽҡͷϳһڡ
ԣֻĿ͵ӽһӻӺɨһա
Ҳûа׳սկĶǬ˱˲ٺöνײ裬ϿȪˮӦоУó˴󲿷֣ȫѮӣӴկӣһԶԽϵãã֮УЩһһɿѮѳԵʱѮӵ۾ʱ͵ɵԲжᶼˣⱲӦöûгԹôóԵĶ
ǽЩ͸ǵʱϲ񣬶лѮѿһĿ͸ˡ
һߣǱʮְԵһ׶ѮûиоӻĻǰ飬ֱӴ߱ǣӵȷͦģ󷽣Ҳʮˮ飬ΪҲӡ
һһʼ˵и͸˲˵˼䣬˵ȻЩøУǴӳԶǣЩ̫ʣΪǿͺˣһǴСڻ֮Уһ˾Ķ棬ʳǵʲôǿǶģѮȴһֱԭʼ֮УӴһĻ磬϶ǽܲ˵ģ˵ۺͼֵ۶಻ͬȥǺ罫ǵҲһܲ顣
֪һ뷨֮ǲһ̾ϢҪһඡ
һ˵Ҳǣ֮Ĳ̫ˣԺҡ
կĵʱѮѹһĹ˵һ飬˵Ѫկ˴ŲǵկʴʦûмǼˣ˵Ҫկ鿴ʦܾˣ߲Ͷ֣ѪկβկˣвٺɮǺˮʥ̵һ˴Ļ
ʦ˵ļЩ˲ûнկӣǵսկʿȥΧԵʱ򣬷սկвѪկ̽ܲãսկܲһƣãֹƿԸ˹һ˫۾ʱ̼սկΧĶ
һϢǼ˶ⵣѵǵѾ¶ˣ


2097 رѹկ
֪սկѪկͺˮʥ̵˸Χ֮в磬һ첻ߣһ첻ð޷߳սկһǾҲ̸ȥʰԬˣһʮϾ顣
Щƣһﶼ֪ôźˣ˺ϼһ£һ취˵֮󣬱һǧƷųȥϢĽѪկΧưƣǲ˼һѪկͺˮʥ̵˿϶ΪǼ˸ɵģȻٴҪսկ鿴̬Ȼǳǿƣʱսկ˴կţѪկսկ˹Ѳ顣
ǸʱǱԻƤߣսկЩ˵·սկȺ֮Уսկнǧˣ׳ӱİٸǻڼ˵УɢǸ޷ֱ˭
ǱӴѪկʱҲǴѪկװɴ棬ϵĵӲҲûмǵĿǽկѲѲʲôأ
ΨһЩ鷳ĻǵӣĴʮΣױ¶вصġ
ߵƤߵǲȱǬ˱ﻹбõġ
ֻһֱɻһ飬Ǿǲ赽֪֪ǵӴѪկӶɱϵġ
룬Ÿ˵ӦòỳԼɵģΪ֮ǰԼûбֳһϵĵ⣬һֱǰ˳ӡ
ΪصĵӣҲΨһһŮӣ϶ΨһŮʮ۰ģӦү֮顣
ӸĸҲʮҪããǱһѪկģӸĸɱ飬貢֪飬Ҳûи
ڲûκɱѪկϵģڲΪѾǼɱʦһ˺ϴ辭˸ɸɾ
Ӵ뿪ʱǸոպ϶ֵʱߵ֪˭Ҳ֪ȥʱ֪ҲǸɱˡ
¶ǻڵ¡
˺һŵĳۣһаԭƻС
Ǳ㽫ǵļƻսկĴ׸˵ˣʦҲͬǵ
ֻҪѪկ˴սկѲǵټȻὫ˶뿪ͬʱʦһʮҪ飬կ˵Ѫկͺˮʥ̰ΧկӲֹսկһկҲǸսկһĴ
Ϣ֮ǱĵĲ٣֤һ飬ǾѪկҲȷȺ˾һսկ棬Ϊ˲ǣǽΧССկӶΧˡ
ǰһηѪկΪħͷڣѾҵˣѪկͻʣ²һŮ֮ңֱӾʧٲˣССկﻹ˻ηѪկ˵ǽȥͲǽȥǸǿЩկҲǳصģկΧȫǹƶĴƴһǡ
ҲЩСկѪկѹҲͷѪկ˽ȥ鿴ˣ鿴֮Ѫկ˱ֱӳˣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪѪկսկ鲻ʲô϶ҲὫŵֳ롣
ˣϣһ㽫ǧƸ˳ȥЩѪկկΧĴСƶȫ֪ˣȻ۷˻
ʱ䣬ǻϽһЩȽϳõĹʱѪկ˽һҵǼ˵еκһѯһ֪ʲôǿ϶¶ˡ
һҲѧֻ̫࣬ʱŶѣΪԷһ
ҸƵǣѪկôеӹ׷ɱǣѵǵʱǺҸүֿˣ
Ժܴ󣬵ʱѪկͺˮʥôай۲ġ
Ǹүֿ֮󣬿ʮֿ϶ûκ˸ǹΪǳʱ򣬳˷ſǧƸǿ֮⣬СȸǶϺǲһ·սկġ
ҪȻѪկҲὫССկȫ
ǧƻûжã컹ûȫʱֽѮѺܿͱ߸˵һ˵Ѫկͺˮʥ̵ٴζկſڣսկʱ֮ڴկţҪȻ㿪ʼǿ
ˣսկſڵȫϵͽܲˣ⻹кˮʥ̵ĺۺɮǻկſڲ˺ܶɽڣ˵һʱˣҪںկӣƬײ
Էʼˡ


2098 կŴ
ǸȷģߵǧƣԲŻ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ںսկ
Ѯ˵ǼæԻսկ˴ŵ·ȻԷɢҲҸƤߡ
Һ͵ҪȥկŸ鿴ɢկӸСĿ꣬ǻ·һЩճƷҲȫʰ
Һ͵ӵկſڵʱ򣬷կӵ棬Ѫկͺˮʥ̵ѾԽƬڻկſڼʮ׵ĵطʮɽڣȫ׼կŵķ򣬶ѪկĲźܶʦˮʥ̵ĺۺɮҲ߰˸Ǻô̡
ֻҪһԷǵټǺˮʥ̵Ľէ³ӦúܿҲϵ
սկկ֮ҲԴϰٸսկʿߣկ֮£ЩǻһĹƳҲҡҷһսҪϿĽࡣ
վկ֮ϣһѰһ£ûԬ£ԬԳǾˣֻҪܹҲʡȥȥֱｫɵҲ١
ҷֲûУǱһ˶û˵ô飬Ԭ֪ܲһ˶ûɹǵټ˼ˡ
ԬôĽҲܹ³˼
Ԭ˵˼ƺҲܹµĳǵԸϣһбŲ֣϶ɱˣŲͷ
ûãսկĴҲկţӸµĳ溰裬ôսկſڣǺξģսկѪկɹ׵ĺӣǷҪսկѪկ󶯸ɸô
ڰ֮ϣկϿһۣʱҲϸȥ裬ӳĻǲӢˬһװ磬Ҳбһ飬ֻɫȥЩƣԴһ˿׺ݣһԼԦ֮С
͵͵ĿһߵĵӣԵЩңϦദСʦãЩƵĴ
Ҳ֪﾿ЩʲôǵΪĸĸʱ򣬱ѾûлͷˣԶزȥˡ
սկӴףּˣҲ˵ˣһ飬ѪկկӻĿͽݺڼȻǶսկ֮УֻҪӴܹկţǽȥѰһҲˣԻ뿪˵
սկ˵ѾͽѵģʦϻŵʱҲûţղ˵Ǽ˽սկʲô֤ݣû֤ݾͲҪѪˣկΣ֮СӴ׳
Ҫ֤ǰɣǺܼ򵥣ϣǲսկΧƺļƳ棬һҹ֮ȫˣܹ֪ɱôƳĹƣ϶ͨĹƳ棬Ǽ֮УһֻضǿĹƳ棬ǧƣֻƳ֪ɱôƳ档
Ӵ׹һЦ˵裬δҲ̫СƱʦʵˣʵɱЩƳǱʦıƣѪկսկΧôƳ棬˭оڣսկѪկΧùƳ棬ǿ϶ҲӦʦϻڵĻ˵սկҲпܵģ˵ǲأ
üһӴʦ˵ϻţ˵ⷬ
ƾֻҲôƳ棿Щ̫ŵ˵
ôţҪһԣӴ׵
һøĥƤӣһӵʱ䣬ʱ㲻կţҾں俪ʱսկѪɺӣɲҪҲĺ
ңӴŭ
ҲһԱ֪赭˵
Ӵһɫֳһ˿ֻţϾǲģկǾܲסôڻģò˶೤ʱ䣬սկһƬ𺣣˲أ߲ɫĿһۣ΢΢һͷŷŻ˿˵裬ҪկѲҲԣҪӦһ
˵˵
կѲɱϵ֣սկ겻ѪկϹҲṱ׺ͯѪկѵˣսկǴñǣΣӴ׵
ðɽ붼ûӦ
Ӵһ֣կű㱻˴ˣһ˵Ķֱӳսկ档


2099 
Щ˶Ѫկͺˮʥ̵ĸ֣Ҵɨһۣէ³̧ӵ߰˸ˮʥ̵ĺۺɮ֮⣬Ѫկʮߺ۵ĴףȻѾˣѪկʵʮǿһǾԲݺӵġ
ƾѪկЩǿʦҲܱ߾կԿĴڡ
֮⣬軹˼ʮŻǹϹףǻ궷һˣȫװ
ǵЩȫװļһﲢǶô£µǹʦЩװԱ໥ϣһĸկҲסǵڡ
Ÿͷһսկ֮󣬱㱻Ӵ׸Һ͵ӲҸֻ̫ǰߵʿԶԶվš
裬ҪôѲսկӴ׵
ӴױţģιֻˣΪսկκһˣȣӴʦկȫۼڹ㳡֮ϣǻ˵¥氤Ѳ飬ӴһҪկ˶гŶҪȻֻҪ¥κһˣɱۣ˻С΢΢һЦЦ絶
ӴʦҲֻհ죬±Ըȥկ˶ۼڹ㳡֮ϣڳطöԷȥѣĹսկ˱ȫۼ˹㳡֮ϣ˱໴Ӥͷ̫̫ˮʥ̵Ⱥ궷ޡһĴɢսկŰ
սկ˶ˣӴһûе룬ӴӦһ֮ǲ´ȥѣһ˺ܿɢȥÿ¥ȥѲ飬ҿйʦų˻ɵĹƳ棬Ҳ֪ʲôկĴɵӦҲΪѰǵġ
йʦų˴ɽףһĴڣıһһĴѰһҪߵĸоԷΪѰҲ伫
ʱ򣬵ͻȻһҵ䣬ʾȺмߣҲ֪ʲôŵӳмķȥ
ȺмλãӲŴյҶߣС˵үе⣬ҿСʦô˼ѪկĶʦЩʦΪ֮£ǺʩչһʶӿܹٵĸӦկÿһ˵ΪΣүߵļֵΪԶԶսկÿһˣһЩʦʶӿλȺһ㣬ܿʶʱ϶Ӳˡ
ӵĻҲĴһ£ôǱŶСĵʵӵǽԼϢأ
ûõģǼʮʦ൱һֵĴڣصٺãҲܹӦӵ
ҵĶʱͰģֲǲҪսկѲ飬ԭԷһеĶԲߣϵǻƤǱ֮У¿ɾͲðˡ
ӣʲôƽİ취𣿡Сĵʵ
ûа취ھԷΪҲˡҲû뵽СʦûһС㿴ЩѾʼ׼ʩչʦˡӽŵ˵
ں͵ӶԷʱֻ촽ڶ˴˶ûпԷһ˲䣬ҵһţ֪Ǻˡ
һܿұðһ󵨵뷨ͻȻѦС߸ҵлɢⶫһȫܿͻжȥĶ˻һ̯һ㵹ڵýҩĻʱָϵΪҲˡ
뵽ұлɢСĸ˵ӣһҩлɢһʱΪҲ֪ܲãֻһˣΪҲͣһ˵Ҫ̫࣬С̱ڵ
һ㶣仹ҩ
Ծ֪ˡ˵ţұһҩ͵͵ĸ˵ӣӽŽɵڱһţʱһΣ͵˵ϣֻһѷס
ҩʱõһգΪ붼ûˡӳԾ
΢΢һЦԣŹͨǬ˱ȣûΣϢлɢȥһͻ˵һ
ʱҲǸҲʲôƣȵҵķԸʱȺ֮УһһȥѰһˣǱ߸ߣҲԼһЩлɢȥʱԴһΣҲΪ֮һգһǱ˲ʮ֮һΪӣãͬʱ׼ǿ޹ǣһͻüʱĽлɢĶ


2100 ûз·
ȸոƮɳȥûжãʮѪկĴʦһΧһԲȦֱﻹĬʲôоʮʮ˵һ𣬷һֹȻһĪȺ֮ӹ
ٶսկ˶ֻŲѣΪǶ֪Ѫկ˾ҪʲôߵȻȴҲʼЩҲ֪ѦС߸ǵлɢ׹ܲá
һ¶ǼɱһѪ·Ǻˮʥ̵Ľէ³ûй֮ǰѻǺаյģֻһȥԬļƻֻȫȻһ·׷ɱӳԽϾڵԭʼɭ֡
ʵҵĵǣ鱩¶֮սկ⽫һǧǺѱסˣѪկǺˮʥ̣ǲϷŹսկġ
սկܹôΣյ֮ǣдǲôѵ顣
ԣҵŻʮֵľᡣ
һʼѪկЩʶӹǺǿȴһֱϵǿ󣬶ЩѪկĴʦĶԽԽ죬ȥʮֵķ񲣬ҡͷԣҲ
˿ֿ̣ʼС̽⵽СȵټҲʮ鷳顣
СȵʱͻȻ½Ǳ˸һ£ͷһСȣһЦȻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾѾˡ
ӦһæߴϽǬ˱֮УСȲƬ̵飬ֱӱ˽ȥ
ʱڳһһŵ˵ء
ЩʦŹľģһƵģӹҲԽԽǿ󣬴ﵽһֵ֮󣬱㿪ʼ䡣
˺ѪկǸ׿۵ĲᣬһҪ̱ڵصӣ֡
üͷһʮͷ󺹵ĴʦôЩʦ׷ҡͷ˵ûиӦʲôǿկǿ˱սկĴˡ
ٴɨһ۳еˣǽԵͷ߿𴦣ӡ
ֹƬ̣ЩսկĴѰټҲ׷׻ˣʾʲôûѵӰûУɫ͸ѿˡ
Ƭ֮󣬲һ֣˵ߣ
󣬲Ѫկͺˮʥ̵˱ٵľۼҪߣȻѦС߸ǵлɢˣǷǳؼã˵ǾǵɣҲǰһæ
ЩҪ뿪ʱսկӴʦȴס˲ȥ·Щĵ˵裬ôˣ
㻹ҪбۿӴ׵
֮ǰ֮Լ㲻㣿Ӵ׵
ʦѾˣʦֵҲ֪٣ѪկҲ˵ȻģͲõ˰ɣ
úúáǾôˡӴ״һӣկŴ󿪣Щ˿ٵ뿪սկ
˶֮սկĴ¹ϣҲҵģǶԷʲôڰڣҪܹ۲ǶĹƶ
˿ٵ뿪ص֮ǰǸ¥֮С
ɺһǽӲ鿴һȻܿ˳һ˵Щ˹ûȫ·ĹƶһֿԼ˵Ĺƶҽȥ֮ǧƲ鿴һµǸһͷӬڻô죿
ֱŪˡû˵
ƶʮΣսկľ˵˶ᷢҪǧ֮Ҳѷ֣һǹƳŪˣԷ϶һ
ɣǴͷӬ׽ˣéԷôڶСЦ
СӹġסЦ
£ֱӱĹ㽫ǴͷӬ׽ˣŽսկһé֮С
ţһٴνȥ鿴һûʲô쳣֮ǲȫӣǲģ̤˼˼ĳһֱһпܼǵĶ
ʱ˲ɵøԳһұ㽫޹˳һһ˽⿪лɢĶ
ϻ˵ʱСֻлɢǿһЩʱѹסԼ󲿷ֵΪʱϻǶ֪ŵЩʦʲô⣬лɢСȸǵģҲʲôɣֱӾˡ
Ҹһ˵ʮʦʩչĿĵʱ˲ɵöһ亹ҶΪѹסˣҪȻ鷳϶ִˡ


2101 ǰ
˹ѲǵõһԲĽǳɹˣһǾҪʵʩǵļƻǾȥԬһ¾ˡ
СԽԽNɪˣŪʲڶ
˼ƻڽϣǾҪ뿪սկǰǡ
ʱĶûȥһֱ¥棬ĵȴڣ⼸ĵϢǰսҲָĲˣɵϵΪҲһЩһʱ䣬Ҳиø͸
ͻȻ˸ү˵үͻȻһѣȻǶ̫̫ˣˣ̸˵Ӷﲻܲʣô
һȥģ˵ǰȫԽϾҲ˼ɶҲû˵һʹ̫̫Ӱһ¶ҲЩƵġ
ò׵ȵڣǱǧϢķ˳ȥǴ̽һµ飬սկΧûѪկͺˮʥˡ
ǧκСϢշݣʲôرĹʦ϶κβСȥһģһܹǧƽйܹͨͨǧƵ۾ܵǧƿĶʮֵ档
ǧ˴ԼһСʱĹ۷˻֮󣬱һڣ۾һ̾Ϣһ˵Ҳ֪ʲôԭΧսկܵ˲ûȫ룬һܾ䣬ƽ߲ˡ
һ˵вЩ٣鶼ˣҲˣѪկ˾ʲôĵأ
ȴ˵ǲҪССʦã˼ܣƶ֮ϵ֮ϣأʦ⽫СʦԼĽӰˣһҪСĽĺá
һģѪկͺˮʥ̵ϱȻսկΧɶȻ
˲⣬Ϊƶȴ˵ԷҲֻԷһµЩҲΪսկһ£ǲҪ̫ˣŵĻȥƾˡ
Ǻֻٴĵİһ죬ҲúϢһڶϣǧƳȥƵʱ򣬱˵ǰ㣬Ѫկͺˮʥ̵˶ˣȴһЩܣǼӡ
ЩЩС鵹ǲõģʱֱǧƽЩƸߣǿٵ뿪֮ǧƽǸϻԭλþͺá
ʱƶ˵£µĻˡ
հҹʱ֣˴սկĴӺѮӵˣѮ˵Ҫ뿪Щᣬһزʵһֻ˵һԵټȻһЯƼֵơһǬ˱ó˴ʶսկ𣬲ӴףЩİװ֮ǵǧҪ˷ˡ
ȻĵĴսկһܵͨ뿪ˣǧƸǴͷ󣬽·ϵЩƶϵһ࣬뿪֮󣬲۷˻
뿪սկǰ·ʮ̹ˣɲҵģųСȣͨԲ֮ڵĹǴ̽ܵһˣǺüʱܡ
ʱ򣬶ܵһƻ֪ԬĿǰڽһʢС֮УҲ֪ķλǾģԱòǺЩȫŶ塣
ݵ˵ʢСǾڵλôԼٹ󲿷ֵ·̶ããȴ֣·̲ߣֻͨܲУҪ߸·̣ڼҲССկӺʹ䣬ҲǱҪܿģΪЩطпֲܷˮʥѪկˡ
սկûãһһֱߵСӸߵ룬ǲæˣҪһļƻ㲻Ҫٸˡ
ΪȥԬѪկףԬڵǸطɣפǽľõȫִĻЩҲ˵кɮʦһǴǹۣ˵׼㶪
Щ죬Ҳ̸֪۵飬ԣ˵Ҫ뿪ʱͶһǧл˵ʶǼλүһӵĸɽģˮǺڡ
һļʵĹͱ⿪ˣģǿ϶ٺ㣬뿪֮κ˶ǵ飬ҪȻ׷ȻҪ


2102 ҡ
ĸҲӣæǵͷֹϵ˵λүһ֪ǵı£ҾǳıӵҲҽλүٱ¶ȥλүͷİɣҾҲ˵ǵ֮ĴӢۣܣΪϽ֮صĹկһ飬ɱϣӴԺϽ֮صĴССկ˺ܶѹǸկҲĶ࣬ҾٲҪҲܲĸж
Ĵ֮⣬߰ɣǧСһѪկͺˮʥ̵СЦ˵
¡ƬƼʮˣ·߼ˣҲǵǹƥկ֮ˣҲ˵ʲô
ӦһȻǬ˱óʮǮݸѣһ⣬Ҳûٵ£ˣԵټ
һǮ۾ʱŹ⣬Щ˼գֱӾĻ˵ŰɣӦõõģСһǵǧҪй¶ǵ٣˵ǡ
λүطģҾ͸ˡպǮһ֣תŴ첽ȥ
Զ֮ǿЩ̫ĵʵСŸ磬˵Сϼ޻᲻ĳǣѪկͺˮʥ̵Ϊ׽ǣӦ·˲
ңǱϮﶼɱϣҪǸݺǣһҲɱҲѴ֮չ
飬ǲ̫࣬Ѿ壬˶ˡ
ʵɱʡģǶʲôĺ֮ˣֹӲŵ黹Υġ
·һ˱ڵӵһ·ǱС
ϵʱСȸǿ·ù̽·һ·ߵĵҲɣ·ϣһܹüѪկͺˮʥ̵ˣҲԶԶĶ㿪ˡ
ʱ򣬱ǧƸ̽·Сܹȴиֶ棬Ϊ̽·СȻʹһЩ
ʱҹʵ۵ĲУǱһʮεĵطЪЪţǲֻܴǬ˱óһЩװʳƷڣǬ˱ĳʳҲǺܶˣ󲿷ֶսկЩˡ
ǰǵ;УǻõӼ̸ǹԷʱ֮衣
һﶼߣڳˣû˵ѧȻҲͿ˺ܶ࣬˹֮⣬ǻѧһЩ򵥵Խϻ˵ǸطԽ˲٣ԬĲҲԽˣʱԽϻͨҲʲôڹܹһЩ
б޻ܰս
һ죬ڵ糿ǲ͵ִ˽ǵʢʱһȫңѪկЩ˵·
ϴʰӵʱ򣬱ǴӵӵЩµʬϽ·ǳģ·һֱûжԺãóôϣ˴ó
֮ǣѪկĺۣúɴ棬ڵӵ󣬴ҡھͳǸʢСȥҲٶڣȴҲ֪ģûһ˿Ļ֮С
ߵʢСǵʱ˾ͽЩװˣһηɫԶԶԶĶ㿪ѪկԽϾڵ̫ʢ˰ɣ˼η֮ǵںˮʥ̣һЩźۻˣ֪߲ƣʮʦ߹ʦǵǣ֪ôģȻʵҲˡ
㣬ǴҡڵĸŵӽСǣطʮֵƶձ鿴ȥ\ݣ˵ʮ׺ȴ׺Ͳǡ
۵Ľ飬ĿϾӣ·߻вٰ̯ϰڽʲô඼һЩֵˮܶҶûм
ҲҶ࿴ֻŸڵǰС
ûãܿ㿴ܶ౳ǹͳһװĺڴ߶֮ҲһľɫԶԶľͶ㿪ˡ
˺ܾãһ·ҡУԼһСʱ֮󣬲һĴׯ԰ǰ棬ſڴкܶڰأӻͷһۣ˵ɣסĸܴۡ󣬹Ǹ֮ۡפıƱһǧˣ·֮һҪķԸ£мǲҪ
ǶӦŵӵׯ԰ſڣû߽ʮеǹ׼ǣ׺ǸɶģЩȻЩηǣְڣòô
ӺܿǰЩ˵һҪԬ˼


2103 ܼ
ЩŵʵʮϸԷ֪ѪկϵĴͽܵʱ򣬶ʱȻ𾴣˺ܶ࣬˵ſԵƬ̣ȥ֪ͨԬܿͻ
ӵ˵ͷȻ۷˻ֻǻͷһۣûжԡ
ʱҲˣׯ԰ſڴкüͷǵһһڶԷļ֮£ʵǲ˶ԡ
ǣԬҡһ侹ȻʲôԬ˼ˡ
һ뵽ܼܿСӣǻЩ
ֻҪӴǼԬʣµͺ˵ˣǼһϣԬСֱӸɱˣɱ֮󣬱طççԭʼɭ֣ǺԾˡ
ֻҪէ³Թ׽ǣǻкܴܹͻƶԷΧġ
է³Ϊ̩ĻҳԱǺˮʥ̵ͷһͣҲ򣬸Щɽȥ֮⣬Ǿͻûʲôرηˡ
ֵһʵȻʮǿˣ治ʲô˵ܹ˵ġ
Ҵʱ߻һӣΪҲܲӣΨһϧǣıƱǧƸɵˣʵۿۣʱҿûٸӳԴӺҶȴĲҩָࡣ
ſڴʮӣղǸȥͨܿ۷˻ͷӿ˵˼䡣
˵ԬڽӴһλʮҪĿˣȽȥׯ԰ЪϢƬ̣λˣٹǹȥ
붼û룬ӦȻǱ㱻ֱӳׯ԰˽ȥ
ׯ԰ܴ󣬴ĳ󣬽ʮݻоʼ԰һ㣬ȫʽа󣬸оʮ࣬ׯ԰֮һ岽һڣȫǺǹʵװԱ⻹кɮͺܶԱׯ԰ׯ԰֮еЩװ˲ûЩ˸е̫ţȻѾ˾ռߡ
ټׯ԰˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰űһ䷿˵ԵƬ̣һԬλˣԻ˹ǹȥ
ϴӵļƣ˰֣뿪ˡ
ʱм۵ĳŮ˲ˮ͸㣬Ʒá
ЩŮ˸ǱߵĳĲ࣬Ƥ΢һЩϾ˴һļʮȣҲ顣
ɨһۣҪſ˵ЩʲôȴҡҡͷʾⲻҪ˵ӱ˿ڣҳܿȥʱ򣬷ﾹȻҲͷ֪ԬСӵ׸ʲô
ѲѾˣ֪Ǿǹ鷳ġ
һ뵽ЩԬǸĻܹƳʲô
ӣǼһԲʵȤĺܣһֱһСʱ֮󣬵ЩסˣԿЩҲ±¶ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һӣ֮䣬㽫Ӹֱɢˣ֮ܿװԱʵӷʲô顣
ŭȴԬĵʲô˼Ҿֱ˵ýôãңһȥǡ
˵ţӱһֱ֣Ӿվ
˼Сʱһæ˵ȥ
һεٶȵǺܿ죬ʮ֮С۷˻˵Ԭ룬ٹȥ
һ뿪Сӡ
ԼЩ̫Ծĸڳ⡣
Ԭ淢ﲻԾֱӾ֪ɱģǵһСʱҲ͸öˣȴûУҪǣЩԬ«ʲôҩҪ˵ڸʲôʮҪ˼棬һǲ̫ŵġ
ʮ֮Ǳһûʵķǰ棬ⷿǰкܶأ֮⣬мΪܸߵĺɮվſڣĿǡ
ӸմҪȥȴһ˸üͷһʲô˼Ǹȴ˵˼ӣҪҪܼ飬еķܴȥСҲǷ£µĿദ
һ˵ˣǵķҵǬ˱һǬ˱ҲҪûأ
üͷһƣʱͲˣЦһǲҲҪĹƶŸɾǣϵĹƲҪĶܷס𣿡
òˡЩε˵
ٴЦſڵķԬӴųȴѣҲգҴ뿪ǡ


2104 ټ
˵գٲԥתҪ뿪
ֻǸû߳һˣߺӣ
ǻͷʱ˵ľȻԬСʦꡣ
ӿʶģ°㣬ʲôҪԸ𣿡
ӣǳҹģ˶ҪģǳµĹأɣ˽ôģĳ̫࣬Ҳûа취ղųɣ˵飬׼λɽ롣˵
ӵ˵ͷɫźһЩһ˵ͳ°ˡ
Ӳؿǡ˵ţɨһۣת㳯Ŵ˽ȥ
ʱȥӲ࣬ƶۣͷһһǵóʱģʱʮ꣬ҲһŮǽʱգȴģȴҲ֪ʲô顣
ֲԬʦͽ˻ǣҲǺԭġ
ҲҶ࿴꣬˸ڵӵŸûʵĴȥмʮǹʵڴõмλãһӣٶľһ˵ģüĿһĺ⣬һװӵ໹ĸű¶Ůӷֱӵ࣬мŵλӦþǽǵĴɣˡ
ɣֱ࣬վλɮһϣоΪƸէ³Щ̧ӵĺۺɮʵӦòࡣ
ӵ׵һ࣬ŵԬߵ֮󣬱վԬһ࣬ԱһСкһЦĿǣǸ˱ǽ̥תʬš
һǣҵ˼£̰γԬɱȥնɱ
ҾΧЩ̫ԾЩడ̫ö֣Ҫץס͵ϮС
ߵ֮ʮֿĳڴ֮ϵɣһ֣˵Ѫկ´ӵӼɣ
ɣ˵ͷٺһЦ˵ϡϡ͡ϵͽҽǣԣʲôıǡ
ӵ˵ͷʱԬվŵһֵӣòˡ
һԬû˺ɫЩõ˵Ԭæĺܲʱ򰡡
Ԭ΢ЦҲҡҡͷɫͱЩ˵ѪկѾ˵ˣ˵ϱѪկɱˣһجģʹֱţ֣ôЩСأ
ӻΪʦ֮ѪկûյϣԬѾѪկأû˵
ҲҡѪկûϣʵǿϴθһ棬˾Ϊˣ֮Ϊĸ֣˵Ѫկһص滹ܶϵĴڣԬĳĸҲѪկֻǲ֪ԶΪ£Ԭʮֿ˵
̾ϢһȻ㰴֮ǰϼƺõ˵ǣ˵һģʱҴżʮѪկѺһЩǰѪկ;УۿűҪɽˣǹ˳һֲҴ˾նɱҵıƸŪˣʱҪܵĿ죬ȽϤǸ·ҲҪǵС
ӳǼ˵ħ֮ұС·һ·ѪկȥȴЩϼ޻ѪկЩ˵ʬϰ·һɻѪկկʦһ棬Ǳһϣʦ÷ʦˡӹ˷ߺ޵˵
֪ƾǼ˵ΪӦòϵĶְɣԬ΢Цŵ
ǰǼȷʦĶ֣ǺͻȻһãҲǴӻǱ߹ģʲôᣬʮǿһʦɱģǸ˺ϴ辭ʦңҪСʦ֪ͨ˺ˮʥ̵˹ԮѪկҪǼ˵У˳𲻱ĲΪˡֵ
ʱôӳأԬֵ
ʦǼ˴ʱ򣬱ҳȥ˹ֻҸհ˽йȥûãԷ㲼˷󣬽˶棬ұ͵͵Ǳɽһ˴͵͵ǣСʦҲ˺ˮʥ̵Ľէ³ĸүͻȻֳˣէ³Уֱ뿪ˡ̾Ϣ


2105 ɱ
Ԭ˵ӣϴһĨѰζЦݣ˵ǵڣһûиʾ
ɫʵҸеʱ͵͵ʹһСֶΣһƣֹɫζûʲôоȴܹټԴү֮Ҵһһֱ׷䣬ߵģұһ£ΪҾһҪԸӦþˡ
ⷬԬûκξ֮ɫЦվͻȻ֣˵ӣ֪ղҼ˭𣿡
һ㶣Ԭʲô˼
Լ֪ˡԬЦţȥһͻȻ߳˼ˣΪ׵ľȻѪկϵǸŮӲ衣
һǶһ㶣ҲԵʮֳԾ
Сʦáѿڶ
ʦ֡ô۾˵ӡ
ҴʱͻȻ֣ڲߣһУһɫɮۣ꿴ȥаʮң·ͥһ˲õĸ֡
ڲ͵˵ԬͻȻŵǱ˹ȥһһ˵ӣû뵽ɣҲ̫ˡ
˵䣬ͻȻԬﺮâһԼе⸡֣һұ֪ˣǿ϶¶ţԬҪɱӵĽ࣬ȻӴʱעȫڲϣûע⵽ԬС
ʱңҲīˣϵԽãԽǲ
£ֽǬ˱ңһ½Ǽ˵ķȫ˳ͬʱٰ˲ٵ˵ӵߣԬһʹ˹ȥ
ԬƺͷңһñͲذ׸סˣֱӽԬ˻ȥ
ͬʱЩֵѾԽӵ˷һȫԬΧ˹
¶βˡҾ֪ǼҪȴסҵ۾ǶʱˡԬ˼ذףһ±㽫ǻðźɻ˳
ʱҲһס˼
ԬҾ֪϶ס㣬ܹҵ㣬ǵĿľˣֻҪҿһ¾ˡҳ
㡭ôģľЩ˼飬ŵʵ
Ϊеôɵôһڴſڣұ㷢ֲͷøˣһҲ˾֮⣬ʣµıɽǿˣֻһСɵ㣬΢ؼţСʦò˵ǵһȻûãѪկӣԣǱѪկģǼ˵ʵ˽ⲻƾ㣬ܹ˵ѣǲܵ飡ʦ϶ɱӻѪկֱǳΣ⻹㣬ղ˵һʲô׷ٵĹƣ޻̸֪֮еǸһϿһ־ƽǧƣ΢һЩ˿ǧƵķۣƾǵ΢ĩֶΣǰ԰ڣԬʮֵ˵
治ϣһУԬ۵ףЩƭ˵Ļƫƫ˻ԣôƭǺԬ̫Сˣһε͹͡
ǱûҪƭΪǾֻһĿģǾǼɱ
ʦ֡㽫ѪկɱʦΪʲôŭŵӣ۾ͨ죬ˮۿȻ޷ʵ
ҴȥġҪɱҵĸĸЩҪɱˡҲЩ˵
Ĺ򣬴֮ѾʼۼȺӿ˹
ҳŶڴɣһۣɶЦеĿǣڿһϷȻûнȺ˷
ɣУǾһȺ·С󣬸Ϊݣһжǵƿ֮С
īʲôŪŭһеϽ𲧱㳯Ԭ˹ȥ
һ̣˶˷Ԭһϡ
ԬţղŸһǸɫɮ۵ĺȴһԬǰһֱ㽫鳯Ǽ˹
һɳޱȾ޴󣬸һ㳯Ƿֱײ˹


2106 Ͷ
ɫɮ۵ĲǺɮһ˾ĺУֶʮָһּ䣬ɢɣֱǼ˴˹
̺֮ʮֲֿײϣζ϶ܲˣ鳯Ƿеķ׷Щϴ˹ȥ
Ǿ޴ֳأоڵһ㳯ǴȴǸһһ˳ȥ
¡¡죬Щɳȥ󲿷ֶſ˹ȥһ֮󣬺ܿͱѿڵеƬĴɣһֱӱѿſʮ̱㱻Ǽ鱬Ѫɽʬء
Ǵеһ飬赲ǵĹƣԬȥҲûҪƴļƣǴ׳ͬʱԬųʬæ˺󣬾׳ĴҲź˳ȥ
ͬʱһȺǹļһһЩͨĺɮסǵȥ·неϽһף˲ޱȾ޴󣬵סЩӵһʱĽ
ĿıɱԬԣһԬ˳ȥǱϽ𲧵ڻ֮£Ԭɱ˹ȥ·ǰЩɮŻļһֶζ̫ˣһغ֮䣬㱻ǿ˵ϣֻǲǱԬߣͻȻ֮Уһɾ޴Ğųһ֪ôһ¶߰ԬĽŲͻȻһǿĵɷ֮εض𣬽ǼУԬһЦĿǣЦ֮ǳͲм
һǰһɮԴնȻٰ˲ԬķȥǸһԬߣ㱻ǹɴӵͻȻĵɷ֮סˣӲıĺ˼
һ󣬸ɲõǸסϵķ࣬ΨһǷ֮ϸķĲ̫һ
ԬʱҺٺһЦ˵㻹ǴѾɱˣѵΪһû˿ﲼú޵أ㻹ɵĴ˾ͳˣԣ϶ҪΪΪۣõֵܸһᡭ
ⷨͻƲãܿ˻ɵ˵ߣѾղŹǵȫնɱǵǻعʱ򣬲ŷ˶ȥˡ
Щģܿ콫Ͻ𲧼˳סǵǸ˹ȥǷ΢΢һΣֻǼһ˿ָֻܿƽ¾͸ˡ
ûõġǽɣֻǿϧⶰӣҪһᡣԬĿЦ
ʦ֡ϵǸŮͽǰ˼˸һĵӣмֲᣬܿͱԬҪʲô
ߵǼӦãɱûκֻܲҴʦֵһüͷ˵
ʱˣ㾹Ȼŵӣ֪ҪΪѪկϱ㲻ֺʦ㻹ҪάˣԬЩŭ˵
һᵽϣһ𣬿ӵЩԥʦ֮϶иģϾô곯ϦദҪһǲЩ᲻õɥˡ
ȻʱĵȴЦһ˵Сʦã㲻ùңһѾûκǣˣʦɱҵĸĸҴɱѱҵԸҲ˽ᣬΪ֮ɣǧҪʲô캦ˡ
ʦ֡Ŀ˵ӣסᡣ
ԬͻȻһ֣ߵһϵʱ˳ŵĶȥʱȫסһʲôӣŵһըҩըҩһȼԲ׹ըëʣ
һжˣһ·ߺã±ټඡ˵УԬһץըҩߣһЦ㽫߸ȼˣֶ˵ϡ
ԬŴ˳ȥ
ǴмɣҲŮ߻˹ȥ˻ͷһۣ˵ɱɣĵǲԴ¿ˡ
˵ţһ˿ٵ뿪˴֮УŸˡ
ߺܳѾȼһ룬ôһըҩǼˡ
ⷨܲƿչʵ


2107 ˲ת
ƿûʲô⣬ֻԬСĻ̫ˣû¶ʱ䣬ƿˣҲ߲ѣһɿǿȼյߣϵ亹
ȼյٶȣҲǻʮӵʱ䣬Ҫըѿ
鼱֮УͻȻһͻȻ뵽һ飬ϻéɽƽ̸ҵĽɫ˲ת￪ķݷ
éɽƽһ͸ŽɫҾùһţһֱãڱʱҲû᲻һ˵ˡ
£ұһǣ֣۾ǧҪɿʹһ뿪
ȫң֪⣬Ҳǽ͵ʱ򣬱㰴ҵķԸԿ˷ֱǣס˶Է֣Ҳ⡣
ұ㽫һŽɫ˳һΣĬ˼ʱýŵһɾ޴ķϯҵסˡ
ߴһХ۵糸һ㣬Ҷ۾
Ƭ֮Ҹо˫̤˼ʵĵ棬۾һƣǼ֣վһ䷿ӵķϡ
ûȻعԶ㴫ˡ䡱һ죬վӶžҵĻζһ¡
˺ĵطǸղԬסǼ䷿ӣ˿Ѿȫˣϣð˾޴Ļ⡣
һΣҷ뿪ľ벢̫ԶɣǸׯ԰ҵ·̡
һǴ̫ˣŽɫķޣҲֻܽǴ
ǵõһζýɫʱҴ˲תƵʮ￪ĵط
ҪҶɫ̫ϤûиףҲ֪ɫὫתƵʲôط
ֻҪܹǼըҩķǾѾˣСǱסˡ
һ޴ĺʢСеˣ׷߳˷䣬ŴȥԴŵĳɣǸۡķȥ
ڷӦ֮󣬰չͻȻָŲԶһԺ˵Ǳһլǿȥʱһ¡
£˲ҵ飬æݶ˰չ˵Ǹլ֮С
һʮưܵԺ䣬֪жûסˣܹš
ǿǰһű㽫Ѿ߿ˣ˿첽롣
ӣȫϢ˼ڡ
ղźգΪϾҪȥأӷ𡭡աһֵĻҲʼˣһŵĺ
үղõʲôֶǴӳģľѣæʵ
һéɽƽҵĽɫзݷܹ˲תƼʮ￪̫ˣҲֻתôԶˡҽ͵
沩Ȼķӽס̾
ø־Ҫڵϣ˵ʵкüҲҪݷȴһֱûóãζҪȻǾ鷳ˡҵ
ǰŷһԬСĻ̫ǻҪһѣû뵽ȴСӵ˲һж֮УСС̫ͣˣ϶ûԬСӵĻһ
ǽզ죿ǿΪؼ⡣
˵ĿɵϣϺֻܹ꣬Ԭƴһˡ
ɳƬ̣ŵƶԷ϶ΪǱըˣ϶ˣǽͺðܶ࣬һԷ϶ɾ裬֮ǶǱɣϳ֮УҵԬɱ˱ǡ
˵ĺܼ򵥣һôףǷӱը֮󣬶Է϶ȥѰʬ壬ʱ򿴲ǵʬǿ϶ɡӲ޵ǵ˵
ӣղûпԬ׼ըҩôмٹأ˵Ǽˣżͷ󣬱ЩըҩһըⶼҲ˵ˣ֮ǰﶯֵʱҲɱʮԬ£ʬ岻ûУֻ޷ֱˣҾýֵʱչ˵
ţ²˳٣ͽ϶֣ԬСӽҪ׼칦ˣΪͷѾɱˣ϶Ҫףһҵ
ôһΣ˲ⶼЩľս˿̵Ҳڿѣղ̫ΣˣҪŽɫķξȾͱԬˡ
ʱ䣬ǼĶûȥͶլЪϢͬʱóһЩѪկЩͷȫִǬ˱ó˼ͨװһﻻˡ


2108 
ǻҳòװ춼ҲЩסˣǿŴһ϶ȥ鿴һȻŻͷ˵ûʲô⣬Ͻɡ
ӦһҪ뿪ʱͻȻԺŷˡॡһ죬Ǳʲô˸һ߿ˣҪȥǶʱֱ˻ȥ
ǿʲôչСʵ
Ҳ֪ղŻûˣͻȻðǿһε˵
֣æǿ˹ȫڴڴ濴ȥʱʮžװ˿߽Ժӣʮżģ
һԺӣԶű㱻˸¹ˣһС˵椳Ĳһֵܼܡٺ١
һ죬ҵԵģϽġֵӦȲˡһ˵
˵ţЩ˱㿸ڲϻζ㳯˹
Щ˵ľٶȫ۵ף¹⣬ǿķЩ˵Ĵɣ£ײǵʲôԭǶǻ뿪
ҳ˻˻֣ȻһĨӵĶˢˢȥ
Ƭ֮ű㱻˸߿ˣļһȽӣ˵ϣǼȫŵĺһԱߣһǹ¶ˣûע⵽ߵĹЩ˽ű룬ҿĲˣű߶ٰ˲Щ˵Աߣ˫ץŵȫѦС߸ҵҩǵصı㳯˹ȥ
ѦС߸ҩǾԹãһ˲߰˸˵˵ϣ滹ûüݣȻ㿴ƾճһˣŵĻһ£ֵĴһתȥһٰ˲ǵǰ棬һҩɳҪŶӵļһҲȫ˵ϡ
һֻһǼȫȻš
ʱķ˵ſɣʮ£ȫΧǣչǿ˵˷ȥĨǵĲӣѪ
ʱȴ˻֣˵żŪһڣٶҲ١
˵ĹѾߵڲϻζŵԱߣٴóҩŪ˹ȥŴ鷳װŵĶʮСŮɵһɣȺ»ǺӣⶼŹȷǸɱ
Ҳ֤һ飬ɣڽǾǸ޶֣ҪȻҲ޼ɵĶСǵ֡
ʱչƹȥһ˸ˣһѹΧΧôˣʱŵĲᣬŲҪɱҡҪɱҡ
ٺһԣôŪ㡣˵
Ǹ˶ʱʵֵ̿ĳǼ˷׷׿һۣܿٴһǼ˹һ˵㡭ǲǽɱԬЩˣ㡭ǲǶըô
۹ⰡȻ˳дǰȥԽ˵
𡭡ɱҡʲô֪ʲôҲûпұ֤ʲô˵ġ˵أ߶š
ɱԣҪشǼ⡣ɵ
˵˵˵
ɣǱôˣɵ
ɣԬڸ;ʦһȾƣΪףɱһȾƵĻѪկĲڽѾ˷ֻ˼ٸȫż죬ǳ֡˵
ǾʹӴ°Сﵽǰɣչŭ
ҲıСӳ°ġ˷ֱ
Сףڲ˵ʱǼؼʣżЦ˵
ɽʵ;ʦ˭
;ʦԽϽµס֣ԽΪΪĸɮˣ⼸;ʦһֱסɣĸۡ컹λ֣һڣ䱸ɭϣÿ춼ᰲźܶڣŷ˼٣ЪϢ졣ʵĻش
˵İ;ʦƱǽ콫鳯ǴǸУΪܸߣԬԼԸǣԲԮ֣Сӻ˺ü׼ΪԷһ
Ԭ϶벻ǧһ֮ʣȻǷݷֱˡ
ٴλȥʱ򣬱ԬСԴصһ̡
ɾô⣬ȻûټˣͻȻ֣һֻͻȻſ˵ϣһ£ɫͻȻںڣ֮ͬʱɫѪܿû


2109 
Ӵ˿Уǵõ˺ҪϢ
֤ʵһ㣬ǾԬɣѾ϶Ǳ׼õըҩըˣǳֵʱ
ɣ֮ǽ䱸иʱԬҲжзʱ֣Ǹʱ
ְɣŪǣչ
Щôãǿһˣʵ
ǵ·ǻԼϣЩ˸һѻ˰ɣɣûһöѰҲ޶֮ҪαײŮ޶϶ͱǸˡɵ
˵־Ͷ֣Ӻܿͷų˹ƶһƬϷ˳ȻֱЩ˵ϣЩ˹ƶҲһӲʱ䣬Щȫжһɫ࣬Ѫޱҡ
ҾˣϵЩǴðģϷƵģһ֣ЩɫĺʹϷ˳ǵӣ֮֮ȥ
ֶζԸһ˾ԿƿֲǼûǰ
Щȫ֮ǽ·ʬ£һȻҽʦָ˳ʦһԪȥЩʬȫˣһӲĹ⾰Щʬȫ˻ҽյȫһѰɫĹǻҡ
°Ů֮ǰҩ˹ȥҩҲʱ޵ģСʱ֮ǱԼѹǾͻȥ߲ǵˡ
Щϰ·ǻԼϣʱҲƤߣҲôαװֻǽǵǹеȫϣҡڵı߳ưܵԺ䡣
˴ɣĸۡԶҲ·ҹʢСַ֮Ƿҹʮַḻ϶Ⱥ·໹вٵӪҵ·Ҳа̯ģĶǸСԺˮϵԸǰʱ̫һȻҲܿ߶ɣĲ£ȴûô࣬һС붼ǴŸһģһװ߶ЩǻԶĴкӣ͸ʶƵġ
Ǻǵ͵ƵɣĽΧڸۡſڻƬ̣ſڻмʮվڷڣŽȥ϶ⲻҪһʣʱǿ϶һ֪ǶôŽȥ϶ûʲôϣ
Ǽ˱ı˷򣬿ʼɣĽԶԶתо͸һѲߵĶһ㡣
طľװ̫ˣҲû˻رע⵽ߡ
ǻ˴СʱûнɣתƹȴһʮϾ⣬ɣĽܵԺǽҲ˵һ˸ѹҪǽȥҲô׵顣
߲඼תˣǼһƫƧĽ㿪ʼνɣ飬һ˵ƿȻǴԺǽֱӷȥΪǹǽηѹһǸѹеĵ
ɺܿ;ܾһ飬˵ĻɣĵܵƻԷ϶Ȼڽż죬תеģǲɴ⡣
˺ܶ󵨵뷨ֱӣ˵ֱӴɱȥǣԬٲʲôܹסǣҲûʲôõĵġ
Ȼ˵״ݾߣһԬͲԵУ˵۷˻ֱզ죿
һվûȻ
һֵҷǧƽȥתһȦĸطΪ취Σ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻˣһһؿڣǧƱƮ˳ֱӳɣĽ˹ȥһֱӱ۾˼㲻
һܹͨķţǧƹһ˫۾ǧܹʲôܹʲôҲʮ档
ɣԶĵطĵĵȴСʱ֮ǧƷ˻һܿҲ۾˵ɣĽܴҲеĵطղҽǧƵ۾۲һ£ɣĺԺһƫƧĽһţһһţǽȻһ壬ϸ
ǺžֻһˣһΪܲߣӦܹǸͷѰͻƿڡһ
һ˵ҶʱһЦ˵ֻһ˿غǾͺðˣȳ棬ͷϣǿΣ


2110 ͷ
ɫһϲֻЩǵ˵ֻһţǱȻʮĸ֣Сһ˸㲻
û¶ʱǧһӦСȣ߼лһĸֻ϶ܸ㶨ҲҪСȵֶΣѾͷһƷȻһֶΡһ
ǺðɣǾ͹ȥԣһҪǲɹĻμƻҪˡ޵ĵ˵
ҾЩˣǧȻʮֲֿĴڣСҲǹеļƷСһ֣ԬҲʮѲ˵һŵˡ
֮Ǳ㰴ԭƻУǧǰ濪ȻСȺܿ͸ȥ
֮ҺܿҲ۾СȵϢһҲڸǧƵϢ
֮ǰһֱԵʣҸС֮ڤڤ֮ҲһЩ΢ǣҽʶһ״̬УҲܹȵ۾ʵĿһЩ
ܿ죬ҵʶȥһʼǰڵһˮȻ󽥽ҿСȴǰŵڴֱӴǽǿͷƮ˽ȥ
ͷ˿һϣϷһɫӻľζ
ǲɫӻԱһǼ龰þСľ󣬿һ
ͷʲôĿҲ֪̫ͷͦ˵ģʱʱһԳԵЦ
СȺܿͳͷĳͷƮ˹ȥСϢƮͷߣȻ䲻Ȼײ֮Уռ壬ֻǾͷ岽ʱͷͻȻȻһֱӴϱһʲôˡ
Ȼ󣬵ͽתȥſΪСȣʱŵɫ䡣
С֪Լ¶ˣҲͷһΣֱӻһɺɷӭ泯ͷײ˹ȥͷһѷͷСȵϿȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ŷǧͻȻð˳ڶ֮ƣһ³ͷ˹ȥ
ͷǹ˵ǰ˲ú棬һñǧ֮С
ͷгǧͻȻͷһֱľ͵˵ϣͬʱǧƳͷƮ˹ȥװ֮С
ͷ˻ԴٴδӵǧͷɳͷתһȦ㳯˳ȥ
ˡ۾˵˵
ţҲˣھ͹ȥһҲ۾
ţ˱㿸ǹǸŵķ˹ȥǸߵſڣǵǽǶһűˣŷ¶ͷ
СŸ硭ǿһͷ˵ĻȷޱȵһļƤҲǻ顣
룬̽ͷ֮УȻСȱͷ֮ͷعһлɢ㳯ͷ˹ȥ
㡭ͷ˵һ֣һֱ̱˵ϡ
ͷʵ㣬Ū㡣һѽͷ˷ӵм䡣
㡭ǵʲôˣ֪ʲôطɣĸۡɱȫҡͷʮӲ˵
ôϻǲ֪˭ҵط˵˵ɣɣǸԬأһһذףͷĲϡ
ͷһһеذףʱû˵һŵҡ֪˭ˡǾǽɣԬҪԸǼˡǣǲǶѾըôط
ͷһ˼ģ
һ㣬ǣһΣɣԬأһֱӽذ׵ͷĺᴦ
ͷ֪Ǽɱ˲գ۵ģһĭǱɱҡҸǣɣǶĵûأںȾƣҾһŵģʲô֪
ͷ˵꣬һֱͷϣַܿǺ֮ȥͷʱ򣬷ɫ˲ڣ˫۳ѪܿûϢ
ֿǹİ
ͷˣȴɽʬǿԶŴ㽫ͷʬ屧˹ȥһ̺ӸϣһѾ˯µģ
߰ٺ֮Ǳ뿪СݣһȥҵӾ룬ĵʲôط


2111 ĵ
Ǽ˳Сݣұ·СΪǼ˵ղͷ˵ɣԬĵãɣôȥң˭ǵĸĵã
֮ǰǼһΣǸоطһû꣬ټһɣҵǸʲôĵã˼Ҷ˾ƣ뿪Ҳ˵
ôһʣ˷׷ҡͷʾ֪֮£ֻûͷӬƵĴңʵڲоֻһͷһˡ
ŵλʮΣǴһ԰ȻǰʮӲſڽ߶඼Ǹһ㣬װĴѲߵװԱ
ЩˣȻûʲôµģڵϹģǶһģһһ棬ҲϳΪһֱûĿʾˣϴθһʱҲǺɴ档
ŽĴ·һ·첽У·˺üȵģ·Щᡣ
ǧƺСȳһҵģɶȻܾˣ˵⽫вԻҲ٣ֹ߶˵ᱻָˣʱ鷳ǧҲˣϾ˵ص˶Ƶ˺ܶ࣬ǧƱľͲͨһ֪һƶ
֮£ֻԼѰңȴǳһ⣬˵ҪҵǸĵãʵףֻҪҹ࣬ĵط϶ĵá
ΪԬΪɱǣ˶ףǿ϶ǾһȾƳ⣬ҹ񻶣ǻҪңһܹҵǡ
˶Ϻ˵֮һ¾ͽѰҵѶȽһ롣
£ߵ·֮֮󣬱ĴڲԶĵطƻͨԼЦǸط˹
ǣһ˱˽ŲٵĳǱ˹ȥ
вʱԼʮӵĹ⾰ҵǸطڽһԺ֮Уʮϯܶഩžװ˶ȾƳ⣬ʮ֣Увٶӵ˸ԱߵͲˡ
ɨһ۱㳯ǰ˹ȥ
ߵ˽ǰһɣԬڴ˴Ժǰһܴߵķ¹Žһ޴ңдšĵá֡
峯ʱԽһֱǻĵأԽϵĺܶطк֣Ⲣϡ档
Ҳ۲쵽ЩͲ˵ԱżҲгĵõķȥ
ɨһ֮ұСĸ˵棬ҸȽȥƣŶһ洫˴򶷵죬Ǿȥ֧Ԯ
СŸСһǧƸһȥɡһ
Ҳá˵ţǧƱϢĴһɳҵ֮С
ҽ˴˴һ˳ĵõķȥߵſڵʱÿһ˴žװһӳ˹ñһţ֪Ǻװǰ׾ƣϺõİ׾ơ
£ҽСȸ˳Сһ˲ײǸžƺеס˵塣
ס˵֮СȻҽһЦȻұ˾ƺУóһƿƳǸʿϵСһĵȥ
ĵõĴ֮оֻһˣڴҺСȺܿͿɣԬˡ
Ǹһ˰˸ˣɣԬ֮⣬а;ʦꡢ衢̥תʬţԬ߻һŮˣʵڲҹάԬţɣŮһ̬
һҴûмҲûע⵽ӦԬİ֡
һӣԽϱ˵Ĵ磬ƣüëʮ㡣
Һ͸ʿϵžƺӻԬǱ˹ȥһһԬ˵ζ˰;ʦһ˦ʱ赲סһˣȡʱ䣬÷סǣ¾;ʦһƣıл⡣
ԬˡһжԬƻȫܰһʧҲǾһ˿΢֮ҳݡǰ;ʦվ˵
˵ţ˸һ׷
ɣһЦ˵˵ǼڻĵľУڻʮֵּĽɫǽ챾һǼҲˣ߸ˣҴ⽫ͶֱûӣҾˣǼ˵ǰ𣿡
ɴ֪⼸˸սթȻĿǸǶӻΪһ̯ҽԾЩϰ£̫ȷѾˡԬ޵ǵ˵


2112 
СǶˣôըҩ˵ǼˣǼˣҲñըҩըûˣֻǿϧǴӣΪƽأ컹Ҫ½ɣΪ˵
˵ţɣ㳯Һ͸һϵСȿ˹ʮֲõ˵Ҫľأĥĥģʲôأ
ҺСȶһۣȻӿ˽Ųɣһ˹ȥһƿƷɣߣСҵʾ֮£ԬǱ˹ȥ
Ҵ˰׾ƿæɣƣɣûһСɫɸߵ̸Ц
ʱѾʼɫĶɣɱģҽ׾ƿϵһɲǼ䣬һӣ㳯һԵɣԴȥһȻƼӴƣʮʮȻ䱬˳ɣһȥ
ɣ̫ˣɣһɲǼܵΣգҪҲѾһƽʵʵϣɣһ±㱻ĵķ˳ȥ
һȥҸҴٷ֮ٵıƱɣˣһʯͷԴǾԾסһơ
ɣһķ֮ҿûȻһ֣һлɢ㳯˹ȥɣŮӦ֮⣬Ҷɣֵʱһ˲ȫͬһʱ˷ҶֶԸɣʱСҲͻȻ֣һذףԬĿ˹ȥ
ԬķӦǺܿ죬һذײûԬĿϣǱһ£СȵǰذֱԬֱʹķһҺʱǸʲô;ʦͻȻȵһ࣬һƳСȵϴ˹ȥСȸǸһ±㱻˳ȥѪ
ǰ;ʦû˵ȣ˵֮󣬸ϵȺܿǾʬ֮˳Ȼ˼ܿɫСƽضȻû׵Ĺֱӽ˶Χ
ͻȻıʣ˶ǻҲѣڻ֪ʲô
ʱҲüͷһۣ㿴ɣѾɥԴһĳһŽѪ䣬ѾĲˡ
ǵһۣĻᶼûУֱӾͱҸһˣһ
֡Ԭķ˾һ㳯ɣ˹ȥ
Ҳ˲ǲɣһ½˳һΣ㳯Ԭɱ˹ȥ
ʱǰ;ʦһºᵲҵǰһ㳯˹ҲǲܲˣһֻɱԬǰ;ʦڰ·аգ붼û룬һ㳯Ű;ʦϿ˹ȥ
;ʦֶǲܿеĽײһ𣬵â䣬ҵһ飬ǰ;ʦȴһĺòײվ˽Ÿ
Ԭˣʬźܿ͵Ԭǰ棬ԬղűСȰ㣬ֱ۶һذ׸ˣѪֹ
㾹ȻûôģԬޱȵĿңһš
ƾ㻹ɱң̫ˣϵֵ£һֵܹ¹ҵˣǱԬ첻һɣ
˵ţٴγԬɱ˹ȥԬ˿ԵûޱȣһģЩˣѪֱֹ۲ͣĺˡ
ֻûĵ֮нһ˽ĵ֮⣬ɱѾһš
϶ѾˣǺܿҲȡж
ӦԬ֪ǴȥԬǰ;ʦһݵĺ˵;ʦͷ죬סˣȥ󲿶ӹԮ
ԬߣССͽѰ·֪Щ͵ֶΣҺͰ;ʦסǡ˵䣬ǰͷֳһѿֵסҵȥ·ɱ
ǰ;ʦǰͷ죬ǱԬһˣһһصĽɫΪ˲֪ڻĵͷôֲڽǶʮĽɫǸĵЩȣҲ㲻˶ôǾţȣ³ߣ
Ȼܣ
ԣɵȱԬסҵȥ·Ծġ
Ⱜͷһˮøֵӭһɨǧ㳯ɨ˳ȥ


2113 ͷԷ
һɫĽ籡ײڰͷĸֵ֮ϣ˳ȥǰͷĽŲվȣϱɳһֳӣǰͷϺݺײ˹ȥǰͷʧɫҪϴһһɺɷֳϯһŪǰͷͷ˲βٴξٽϣȴٴαǰ;ϴθסȥ·
ʱȻһɺɷñǰͷߣɢ˰ͷעǧ˳Ƴֱ룬һ±ݺײǰͷؿڡ
ǧһǰͷ壬еķ˲߽⣬Ҹǰ;ʦеʱĿǰͷһһԵ˵ϣȻٵͣһȵСĸȻǴССĸѿƳǰͷٵ˳ſڵķٵ˹ȥ
ԬͳԼʬţΣѹͷ˲ɣŮֻԼ
Ǳſڵʱ򣬺ܿ챻һſڣ߶˵ֱӱʱ򣬵ʬЩЪ˹ĳԬϽܣɽڣûգΪʦѾһεˣסǣܶԶǶԶǧҪҡ
ʬŽ̥ת֮󣬸ͷСһΪƺȥʮҴʱҵһʱ֪ǿ˶ٱʩչǻħ֮˺ֵܶΪŻˣʦͽ˶ϲЩа
ʬһߴţһ߽߾ȫֵסһʬϺ˫֮䣬һԩХһ˹ȥһǹǽý֮תХ֮䣬ǸǰЩԱˣ˲ɢ
ʦһҪȥʬţԬһѪֹĸ첲һ߶ݺݵĳ߿һۣ㳯ųСʦ㣬߰ɣٲˣ滹кöԮ֡
ʦô죿Щŵ˵
ʦ϶չ˺ԼͲõˡ˵ţԬǰһס˳꣬㳯
Ȼ䣬ɣŮɣʬԬǱ߱˹ȥζһ⣬˵㲻ôҪߣȥȥ˵ģҪԶֿ
ţȥɣǿʵŻôҲԼʲôģ
ۿŮ˿ҪԬߵʱԬͻȻɻһ³ɣŮԴ˹ȥ
ɣŮҽһѪģڵأԴϵѪ
ԬúݵİҶĺӡɣŮ֣ճԬץȥָ£΢΢ܿһͷֱûϢ
ȥԬ޲磬ԼʦҲͰˣȻԼָˣѾС
ѵǴ˵еķޱͬ񣬴ͷԷ
ɣŮĻԬδţֱӶʬţų㳯汼ȥ
СȡǧƣһҪסԬȥ·ǧǸˣҳȴһ
ȵ˵ͷȻ㻯һɺɷǧһٵƮɶȥ
һ֪澿ʲôˣɺͻǹڸȺȾƵ˴ĻȣЩҲк֣ܶһȵģսӦòǺǿͻȻϮһֲ
ɣ¶˵νҪĽԬһҲð
뵽ұӿ˽ǰǰ;ʦͿ˼ǰ;ʦҲǸɫеľаʮأҵķײһÿһζһǴ磬ܹԬУԸҵģȻԬʮ֮ˣӡ
;ʦһʮУҾѾЩͷˣҾ͵Ԭͳˣһֲ֪ȥҵǡ
£ֱӶǰ;ʦ˺أһǰ;ʦȥ֮󣬽űʩչһ콣еķ绢ɷ֮һǿĵذשƷǰ;ʦȻȥǰͽʦһе͵һңҪֹɷ̫֮ˣǰ;ʦ޷ֹһ±㱻˳ȥݺݵײǽϣȻȻٰ˲ߣǰ;ʦһ֣һץ˺ϴ辭ʩչһ֮Ѹٵӿ


2114 ʬŵɱ
ʲô˶ʩչ˺ϴ辭ģЩСɫɱӷ£;ʦֶεȷǲܹҶƴʮв·磬֤ΪʮֻģȻˣֱɱʵ˷ѣ罫ΪˣȻΪԼãһã
ţ˺ϴ辭˲ʩչ˳һǿ֮Ǳײΰصİ;ʦ˹֪ô¶Ѿס˲ӡ
ڸܵ˺ϴ辭ǿֲ֮֮ǰ;ʦʱ̿һҪǴ˿ץУֹĻʲô
㡭ſҡ֪˭ǰ;ʦԽϵĹʦɱңԽΪСǰ;ʦв
ԽϹôôĹʦһԬǰһλԽϵĹʦΪʦôѾǴðģҼЦ
֮ɱұǲ鷳ǰ;ʦϲ˵
ҵãϴξͲĴȥɣ˵ţұӴ˺ϴ辭֮˲ȫǰ;ʦԼٶȲȥϵԴԴϵ͵ҵĵ֮УԼĪӵĹ⾰ǰ;ʦѾһѷɻңɢһء
ʱûȻͷһۣ㿴ɣŮʬ˵ϣղŻö˶˵ֵĺžƣѾ߱ʬ塣
ɣ๼ǸŮȴƷԬҲĺԼŮ˵ɱɱ˵ŮҲһüֵˣͳⶪ
ɣһһжʧȥӦеļֵɱ̾
Ǳһڸʬƴסȥ·۾ʬſһۣǰһһͬԿʬţʵһʬƴһֱռϷ磬ʬѾһĺм֮һһл㾦㳯ʬŴ˹ȥ
ʬõķĴȹǣһǾģʮаһл㾦ȥʬæͷӵֵֻһ£ʬűܵ˱ССһɴֱӱ˳ȥĵ֮⡣
Һһһۣű׷űɳȥʬŶȥ
ſڴһѾʬɽѪһ㣬һٶʬڵϣԶɱ죬ɣĽлǲ˴ĳ߾ۼԼлաǹ಻
ڲԶһȺֺģҿǻеϽڰ֮쳣ۣƮ֮䣬˲ϵıϽײ˳ȥѪ֮Уǿǽ಻죬һѪͬʱ֮ҲвϷɵĺ֮ҲĴŵĹƳ棬֮Ҫжңҽ֮ڶܶ˿°ĭɫڵĵ˵ϡ
ʬڱһػ֮󣬾͹ĵ̨ͤ棬ʬУԷͱƷˣưɢһأѪһ
ʬţ֮ǰеĶԹڴһ˽ɡҿڴӵϻʬţޱȶ񶾵ĿעңǻѪ
һο̥תʬŵʱ򣬵һһŪңǴʱң˲֪ٸֵΪ֮£ѾǽȣʬĴڣ˵㲻ʲôˡ
ʬֻССֱַץסһȹǣͻȻҲҵĴЦŭϱʲôȻǵɱǶѾӵˣȴҪ׷ʦͽնݳ
ʬţ˵ģʵʵĴ鷳Ҳôǣһֻ۱һֻҲôˣʦͽŴԣһصǱΪ飬һθǲȫûͲҪĺˡ۾
һΪܹɱ𣿽ʶʶʬŵɱУɣ˵УʬͻȻеĴȹһףȻһֲĹ֮ѳ˷ɢȥҶһִʬðĹŵ֮ϺŵЩʬ˽ȥ
⣬Ӳ֪ˣʲôֶΣɱ˵˵ţһл㳯ʬŴ˹ȥһ籡ֱʬŶȥʱ򣬹鷢ˣʬߵʬ壬һˢˢĵ


2115 ƴ
һײոմӵֱʮ߽ʬϣ˲佫ǵȼһĹճ˻ҽҲֻһôཀྵʬˡ
ȥ
éɽٻʬҸɼܣǰʣʬžȻΧЩʬȫ˽ʬһԼٶȵ𣬳Һһ˹
ҶһʬżĽʬȼͣҲ֪ôݣʬžͨʬǾͨʬ
ǰʬŪĽʬȽر𣬲һʮʬеκһ֣ҲĽʬϵеĽʬ
ҪЩʬɹƵģҲ˵ЩʬǾ߱˽ʬǵǹһԼ˼άЩʬǸЩʬϵĹйؼһ۾Ƶķû취ΪʬҵĺˣǱֵı¡
ʬһ¾ͽϰپʬȫ˽ʬ⽩ʬĵȼߣҸоӦýںëʬͺëʬ֮ʵǺһĳҺһ˹
ַܿһ⣬ЩʬŷųĽʬٻЩʬһ㣬ʬǽӲֱģܣϥǿٶȺܿ졣
СŸ硭ʲôʬźռȻЩʬǰӦ־ɣһЩԾ˵
Ҵһ˼ȻִǬ˱潫éɽ˳ָҪʬŵжЩʬĿȨ
éɽһĪڿ֮ǲһЩĽʬ뵶ȥܵéɽ֮ЩĽʬͻȻȫס˽ŲأԲʬſֳ˶ݵľţ˫дʣЩʬ֮ٴηֳ׺ݵɫ˹
éɽȻǲˡ
Щʬֻһ٣Ȼٴγ
һֱӷݣˣֱɱһѪ·ЩʬȫɵȻɱţ˵ţһֱӼǹǽ֮ϵ⼤˳˵㳯Щʬȥ
ʱȴһסһĸ첲ż취ʰЩʬɱЩʬԬǱûӰˡ
Ҫôһҵ
˺󣡡ҳ
һܿҵ⣬ֱת˵ĵ
ۿЩʬҪ˵ߵʱһ±ſ˫ֱ֣Ӵ߶˺ϴ辭취Ըһٶ߽ʬǼ򵥱ҲΪ׵ģܹЩʬϵܽǸڽʬϵĹһɵˣ˺ϴ辭ܹЩȻҲӶˡ
Ҷ˺ϴ辭Ѿһֲٿ֮Уо˵չ˫ֵʱ򣬵ʱ򿪣ȫëſ˫һץ߽ʬ˫֮֮˹
ЩʬȻˣ˵̺϶Ҫ˺ܶ࣬ҽ֮ӵЩʬϵʱֻƬ̵Ĺе߽ʬɱȥȻǽʬڵĹҪѳȴҲ˺ϴ辭֣֮Ҳźһɵˡ
Щʬǰͺһ㣬Ȼȴһ߽һߣֲֻ֣һĹЩƵĽʬжʮ߱ҿסһлҷ𣬾ǽʬ֮еĹҲһҸɵˡ
ЩʬɹסģЩ嶼Լ˼άͬƬƬĵ£ʱ㲻ǰ׷Ĵɢ
ʬżȥֱӵͷܣҪ뿪ݵѣʱ˺ϴ辭żٰ˲ǰ棬ûһл㾦ʬն˹ȥ
ŷӦҲʱһ㿪ȥҪһߣʱĵԱ߿ŵһҲֱӶסʬŵȥ·
ǰлʬ޴ӣһ˻һȹǳ˹ƴˣ
˵ţ㽫ǹͷӳ˹ȴеĽһ˳ȥʬűҵߣұ߶˲ľ֮ԦľʬŽŵµĻĲݷһ½ССסˡ
ʬŽ̥֮󣬸ͷҲСĴСɫȴΪϣޱȹ죬ôСΣױЩľ£ЩĲľ𣬶Ѿһץһɿֲ֮ٴγʬ˹ȥ


2116 翹ɱ
һμʬŵʱңܹƿҵ˺ϴ辭ʱԼ֪˺ϴ辭˶˵ΪͲǵǸˡ
ڵʬѾǲһһץʬССӱѾҵУĲӱץסһ˲䣬еһͷӳȴȻ˺ϴ辭һǿ֮ٴʬŵȫһеĴȹҲŵ˵ϡ
ʬ֪ȴҲֳһɺ֮һŬֵ˺ϴ辭֮һ߶ݺݵĳҧгݵ˵ҲŹġͽԬͳұҪʬΣңɢ
ʬţΪһĻһҲҪˣҲǹߵģò׽̥ȴҪͬһУһ·ߺãһ̡
һٴμʬųªٴֳޱȾֵɫ޾ľź֮УʬŵԽԽСССȻ󣬵̺ȴǲСԼ߰˷ӵĹ⾰ʬŵӲŻΪһѻҽ˵ϡ
ʬŵͬʱһʬŵһɵˡ
ʬĴڣڹͽʬĲٿֶаҲòҲٸһξĻᣬѾԹһνѵˡ
ʬŸɱ֮ҽסһ֮ĶԹһ˽ᣬʬĻûгȥԬѾ˺һˣȺǧ׷Ҳ֪Ρ
кһһһ𣬳ǰսȦɱ˹ȥ
Ǳ߻СչǿڸɣеЩɱ֮Ѿ˲֪ˣǴӽоۼ˻ڲ࣬Ȼβʲô̫вȴҲʮְա
һüͷսȦ֮пһۣܿ۷ĵ֮УʱѾһѪܵͷϸһǿͷȻɣġ
Сӽͷ
Һܿһ⣬첽սȦ֮жȥɣͷ߸𣬿дԽϻɣԬѾˣ翹ɱ⣡
ɣǿ˶ͷһԴڵأȺм䣬Щڸƴɣ£һɣǿͷһԴ˲˳ģǿͷɣġ
ǵϴ󶼱˸ɱˣɣŮԬˣЩƴôô
Ȼڣ
ɱĻѪһųɣԴȥǵ³
˵У֮еϽ𲧡䡱һǰƮȥŵЩɣһ±вɢ
־һ㴫Ⱦһ˴ùģ˱ﲻپʬ֮ȫٵȥһ㲻Ӱ
ɻͷһۣһղҿԬˣôܷأ
ģСܲˣղСŸСȺǧȥ׷ˣӲǵģҪǸղűλֺʬһҪȻҲԬô򵥵ߡһ
ʬˣʵ
ţɢҵ
߰ɣȥԬ˵ʲôҲˡɵ
һȡͻȻһֵ
ָʲô۶ӣչû˵
ɣǽǵϴ󣬿϶ǳǮȥԬСˣҺǿֵɣתתʲôöû˳˳ˣҲ˷ѣٺ١Цŵ
ʲôʱˣôй򣿡չƵ
һԬô˻ʰҺǿڸͺãһǧƹǱǣˡСţǬ˱Ҹңװг֡
ûΣ佫Ǭ˱קݸԻȻʲôǬ˱ãһҲ͸ڵݸǬ˱ҵͬʱѵϻעⰲȫҪЩ뿪ɣɱˣԬѾ֪ͨ˺ˮʥ̵ˣҪ뿪С
ѽģȥȥͻأǸϽȥԬ˰ɡднӹǬ˱ңһסǿ㳯Զ첽ȥ
ǿͷһۣһΣҲûû취ܻأȥɣı


2117 ˣʲôֶ
еԶܴ˼άڳˣСǰҲ̰ưôͻȻȥɣĽƱأ
Ҳ̫ϻʱ뷨Ȼȥ䣬ҲֻҪؼʱ̵Ӿͺá
ǳ֮ǰǧƱÿһ϶˱ǣµǼ˵ɢˣȻǧƱƾÿһµıҵǣҲΪԷһ
Ȼкǿ֮Һһű۾ʼѰǧƺȵӰһ۾ܿ͸ܵǵټ
ʵСȺǧǲԶ·Ҿɣ֮ۡС
ͨȵ۾ҿǧƺСñһ㽨档
ǽԱ߾ۼϰٺˣбѪկĲŵļʮʦ͹ʦ⻹һȺɮɣ¡
ǲŵʮʦ͹ʦסǧƵȥ·ЩѪկˣ׹˽ⲻȻ޷ǧƣȴа취ֹǧƳ߿һƬЩɮ͹ʦɱ
ҽȵ۾Ǳߵʱ򣬾ֻԬͳһӰһΣǸĽ档
ҿЩΣһȻҲܹǧƵ۾һС
˼ͬʱ۾˴˶һۣɱ㽹ĴߴٵҵǧҪԬˣҪȻ
ûԶ⽫УҺһ档һüͷ
ˣϽȥƣҹƺˮʥ̵ӦϾ͹ˣէ³֮ǰǱҪɱԬСɿȥκһ˶ߴٵ
Ȼҵ飬кһ֮󣬿첽ԬߵǸȥ
˲ӣǱλɣһ֮УԶһ㽨ķӣ⽨￴ȥʮͨƽģûʲô֮Ҳ֪ԬΪʲôųط
Ǽһ⴦ڣԭſǧƺСȵЩͻȻɢеĳܣҲЩֱ㽨֮С
ڼ䣬ҿѪկĲͷĿһۣҲתǽ֮С
ҿʱͻȻһ飬Һװ;Ƶĵõʱ򣬲Уһƽɣ֮󣬵һͷȥʱ򣬱û˲ӰҲ˵֮󣬵һˣԬӵĻҪ졣
ֲҪ̳Լ²Ҳǲ޵ģŮ˵ĻҲһ㡣
ǧƺûҲ㽨˽ȥ
չ˵׵壬ҲҪȥʱͻȻһСףȹȥСţһǧƺСȽл
ʵкҺһҲЩ̫Ծˡ
֮ǰſڴЩһֿģȺǧ̤һһԷ˾ȫˣǸоЩĪ
ȥ׷ЩղŶԸǧƵЩأ취ȥѰԬ
վⶰſ·߶һȦȻҵСţһȥ⽨ĺƣûкš
ҺһӦһֱջǧƺȱ㳯⽨ĺȥ
ʮܴҺһƵ˺һʲôûУͨ¥ûʲôҲ֪Ǹɶõġ
ҿ˸ߵСȣʵȡʲô
СŸ硭Һǧһ·׷ȻſڵЩˣžʹҲ֪ʲô׷ܽⶰ¥ǶˡСȵ
ȷûʲôÿģұкһƻصǰ档
ȫԶ϶㽨϶ʲôèҪȻԬԲܵҪߵĻ϶ȥ֮ԷҪ޷һӳȥͨǲգڶⶰʲôֲĴڣҪǵԬ϶ǲҽȥ
ߣ߼УԬԴУװ׵ǹȥԴ
Ԭ򽻵ôˣ˵ĻһǱȽ˽ģ϶ˣʲôֶΡ
ſȦʱѾ̣⽨Ȧعͷ˵ղƹˣ沢ûʲôãҲܲųԬ棬϶ıǧҪĵС̫ˡ
ǲԬﲼһճǼƣⷿ᲻ͨܵǹŻǣչ


2118 ΪӪ
ҲûܣؼڲգһⷿʲôܶǺڳĽ޵ǵ˵
һֱɵվҲǰ취˵ԬͳѾͨܵˣѵǵ⽨жʱըһȥȼըȫը棿һЩ˵
һεĽѵˣǾǱ÷ǶüըҩҪСŵķݷһܲûзãһȼըܹ˲ҲֻСˣٰ˲ֶҪǿ˺ܶࡣֵ
ɣСٻһЩơûʲôΣգٽȥͬʱȥһȽȥȷûʲôΣ֮󣬴һһȥҵ
Ŀǰ˵취ΣСģұ㿴ȣٻ˼ǸƮȥ
һΣұ㲻ܽЩ۾ȥ̽ǽˣȴԡ
ЩƮȥԼӵĹ⾰ʱ򣬱ٴƮ˳ȸǼ򵥵Ĺͨ˼䣬˵ǲûзʲô쳣ֵֻܵ¥λã¥ȴЩηĶǲҹȥ
һҸȷ϶
ʱ䶼ôˣԬǱһûУұЩļˣ˵Ƕ˺ҽȥƣһʲôΣգһٵĳˡ
СŸ磬ɡһһ
УͻȻӵıȽϿһЩ˵ţұ㲻˵Ļᣬ˽꣬㳯ǽ滺˽ȥ
ڣʲôӦƬ̲ԼܹһЩ
ⶰӺǷãûʲô衣
֮СĳŶ¥ķ˹ȥͬʱԼĞųӿΧһС
Ҹո˳¥ߵ¥ʱͻȻһľ֮УôΪãˣ
뵽Ƭ̲ҵ飬ֱӴ߶ٰ˲ͨ¥ĴڳٶȥҸո뿪ⶰоһǿĳźӿ˹ʹҲƺߣҲͣЪ߶ٰ˲ӵԽԶԽá
һı죬ǹǿĳݺݵҵĺ֮ϣһ±˳ȥ
ʵ̫ǿңҵԴ죬һûзӦȻҵǰӰһΣҵĸ첲ҳźקȥ
һ˻ԴʶһЩȻͷ֮ϴֱ죬ӵաڶ
ͷȥʱ򣬷ҸղŽȥǸ㽨Ѿ޴ĳϧ
ҵһͰչɽǱͭγһϣС
ʮǱıһ棬ӵкʯɡ
ղžʲô
ҵе£һʱЩӦֻǾúһʹ
ͻȻ䣬ȵѪ۾ҵ߿ʼģ
СšСšߴϤĨȥ۽ǵѪ̧ͷһҵɡ
Сšû¶ɣһҲǰʵ
ֻǾú۵˵Ҳֻ̫ǿͲ˵ʲô
ֹƬ̣糱ˮһȥȻ죺ˣҪŪ㣡ǷҵģһҪȫ
Ԭһ˻Դͷ̽˳ȥԬվһֱ棬ǲĵط
ʱҲ׹֮ǰǰ㣬Ǹ㽨аõĶʱըֻʮΣЩﶼûзըʲôط
˽ȥųȫըȼһ̣ұٰ˲ܿˣȴܵ˺ܴĲ
㽨¥ϣͣŵһֱԬͲ趼Ѿֱ͵ǹȥҸսȥûãǱҪը档
С̫ˣ˵ǲΪӪɱϵʱѾе·źˡ
һ뵽ұЩŭɶŽһֱϱһӵҲòٴȥ
ҵţһȥģ
ֱٴδԬߺ޵Ǿ޴ĺֱ֮ٵ뿪
ʱԬϣֲɣٴҲ޿κΣҲֻĿôˡ


2119 þ
ղǸĽﳹױһƬ飬Ԭ˵ǼֱԶȥǧᣬ˻ں벻ʡ
Ǽֵ֣϶ɱˣȴԬˡ
ĳ˵Ԭ˵ĻĿνɲ⣬ʲô鶼ΪӪ·ôΣʱûȫôһѡ
ղ˲˼ֱӳĽ֮УƺǳңҲǿ˳
󱳻ʹ˵Сţȫ˿ڣϽ취ֹѪɡ
˵ţɱóһЩѦС߸ֹѪҩҺһЩȻҺ󱳵˿֮ϰγ˺ܶ鲣˵ʵأҪܵ˸ղűըʱĳԴЩΣҲ඼ָ˹
СŸ硭Ԭӵȥһһ۵
֪пѪկҲпȥէ³ˣ߰ɣǲˣϽ뿪طûˡҵ
ԬûɱأǾˣչвʵ˵
߰ɣСŵģѾݾߣǽķԬˣԲôܹҵﻹҪܺˮʥ̵׷ɱʵǵòʧֻԺһԸԬˣ϶ġҲ̾Ϣһ
Ҳûа취飬ǱҪ뿪ˡ
ģҲǹҼ򵥵İ˿֮ұſЩʱ˻кǿ˵ҪȥɣڽıҲ֪˵ȥˡ
һųǧȥѰһǣֻǧƻûзɳȥԶбǿ첽߱˹˽һŵģ
ղô¶ôըˣԬɱûУһǣЩŵʵ
һ򵥵ĸϻǿ˵һбЩܻ˵ѽôӸˣ¸զ죿
ֻȻػ˵ˣط϶ٴˣϽ߰ɡεĻ˻֣Ȼͷȥ
˻еǿȥɣıҵûУ
ûлشҵĻǳҸհĺ󱳿һۣ˵СӻҲˣ˵û¶Ƥˡҵ
ԬСӻþεĴƤӵߣ´֪ʲôʱ򡣡ϻҲЩǵ˵
˶ʮֵƣȴҲ޼ƿʩĿǰʮֲֻ뿪˵
˾ۼһ֮󣬱ٵĳŽ汼˳ȥģ𣬻вٳûٵѹνĶûɣԼطѾһƬ˼ԡ
һˣոձ˽ͷϱ˺üֱʢСǵϿգɵĺܵͣӦѰǵټЩԲ˵ӦԬ֪ͨĺˮʥ̵ˡ
Ǽ˷ɢ಻ԶŵϵĽС
ЩʻֱֻҪЩǵĿԱһɨ䣬˶˶
ʵǲ˳֣ǻĵˡ
˾ۼһصڣһ£ǾһĿ̫ԣʱȷֿʢСǵΧϡ
£ҺϻԼǿչһ飬ӡһһ飬ǿٵķɢܿͷϺֱһ·ʢ첽ȥ
ʢСһֱɣĹϽΧ֮ڣڶƬϣаڣһǽǣרƷ˽⣬ɣҲǴ˴Ĵֵвǿ׳ۺ񣻵ڶǺˮʥ̣ΪӴа֯࣬ǵж٣˭Ҳ֪
ѪկԹƶ֮£ƹԽԭʼдССկ
ÿһԼĿƷΧʢСȻɣΧˮʥ̵ʵû͸ط
Ҳ²⣬Ԭڸղ׷ɱʱ򣬿϶֪ͨ˺ˮʥ̣Ǻˮʥ̵ɣƿصĵطЩ룬γҲͼֱѣ󲿶ӻûеҲ˵Ǳźˮʥ̵Ĵ󲿶ӻûе֮ǰ뿪ط뵽ããԭʼ֮УǵطشﲩҪѰǵټô׵顣
ǴžװʢЩʿһģҲܺû켣ȺУͷǼֱһֱڲͣɨ䣬ҲǸ㿪ȥܿ͵ʢСǵĳſڴ


2120 ˮ·
ǵٶԿһЩʢСǣһεĵطҲƬ֮Ҳҵǡ
طϤֻȡܹ˴Ҫܺˮʥ̵׷ɱ
ӳƬ̣˵˴ԭʼɭٻмʮ·̣Ҫξ룬ȵԭʼɭ־ͺ˵ˣ֪мͨϽСߣҿԴǴ뿪
ҿһ۵ӣʵӣѪկ϶ǻزȥˣҸ˵Ǽ㿼ǵôˣ
һЩȻ˵Щʱ޿̲ΪԼĸĸ𣬶ֺ£ڴñһͻȻʧȥĿ꣬оһжȻȤҲ֪Լúȥδӡ
ӣҲܿʵ㱾ĲСŵүүصĸ߹٣ڹƶ֮ϵ裬СȫԽص飬Ȼ˵Ժʲô󸻴󣬵ԻİҲһʽݣĵĹӣϸһȰ߰ɡЩĵȰ
ӿЦһ˵ɼλ̨񰮣ҵӵͽλˡ
Ҫһˣ˵Ժ飬߱һð֣һﶼʮָˡ
Ǻ͵Ҳǲʶˡ
ЩʱЩֱѾ뿪ʢСǣΧ˹ʱʢС֮ͻȻӿ˴װԱǱʲô˾ۼ
ɣĲھݵľ֮󣬺ܿһɢɳ״̬лָǿΪµġһ֪ٴδߴٵ߰ɣǰһƬӣȥǱ߲취뿪
˵䣬˱ӿ˽ŲƬӿ첽ȥвʱǱ㵽˵˵Ƭ֮УһԶ˻ˮ
߸ţͿʢСǵķ˺üˣÿһڰңȫװ߻ɮ˷ȥͷϻмֱ
ȥԷķӦܿ죬ȫǵ֮⣬һȻɣǲԬ۷ɣĽУҪȻղҳһŵĽôָֻ϶
Ԭֻص˽УҲɱһǹˣΪѾʧȥѵʱٴ۷ȥͶ
Щ飬һˣҲزȥˡ
˴Ӻ׷˹ӱ˵У߸һĿ̫ˣԷһǵټǱɡĿǰǣɣЩڶ׷ɱǣˮʥ̵ȻҲὫΧеܹͨԭʼɭֵ·ˣҪͻΧֻܷͷжöԷƣӦĪǵ뷨С
һɢǵսһ˺ˮʥ̵է³»Ӧչ
Щһէ³Ķ𣿡ɫ
չʵһ㶣֪ôشˣǰЩ˼һʹȫĻܹսʤէ³ĻᶥҲֻ㣬Ǹү֣پһء
ûĸү˵ڸǶأҲûйߵ顣
²˳٣Ҿõ˵ûǱͷͷܹɢ˵עӳȥĻᣬһ̩ˮʥ׷ɱһɵ
ҳƬ̣һϣ˵ӵӣֲԶһӣǺͨʲôطģ
ӵʲô
Ȼã˵ǡҵ
Զӵһ֧ջԽ߾عӣ㲻ˮ·ɣвͨģˮ·ǿ϶Ҳġӵ
Ȼȵһ˵ⷬʱǼ˶Цˣˮ·ʮеġ
ҪԶӵˮҲϻһűˮˡ
£ұ㽫ǱˮǬ˱˳ݸɣòݾܾĿ˵ˮֻݵˣǿչ뿪·Ϻˮʥ̵׷ĲĻǾƵȥսկһǣϾĻֱӾͻػİɣʱ֪ͨصڵ˹Ӧǡ
еıˮ飬ûнӣһ·֮ϣұҪǣǳıߣǵжҲģϻ߰ɣȽϤˮĲ


2121 ɫ׳
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ĥĥ󣬾ôˣǷͷжС׺ǿˮ·Ǵߣ˵Ļе
ϻˣԣǵܼޣɶ١һ
ܿһ⣬˵ͷ˵ǵ˼ˮ·;УЩ飬˵עǿԽˮʱǱˮѣõ޲ߣ
˼Ҫһ־ͳҪս󲿷˶ȥ׷ˣǰ·͸һЩҲ
ԭЩ̫İչǿͣʱϾ͸ֳЦ⡣
СŸ磬֤ͷİɣһķǳʡǿЩС˷ܵ˵
˺ֹܿȷȻǱ㽫˻͵Աߣó˱ˮ飬ˮһףǱˮ̱ˮ֮ϣγһһĶ
ΣǵӾȵĿɿڴ̾侹Ȼķ
ɶһҪСģúͰչԼǿǱˮ֮С
ˮɵĲٿ֮£ĳˮУܿ첻ӰĸҲת뿪뿪ʱǽϴŵľװֱһѻˡ
ɣĽиʱǱǴͷڻŵĻĿ̫ˣֻٻһͷãǬ˱׼ṩ·ҴǬ˱ȥȡ·ʱͻȻһ飬ǾѾʼĿտյǬ˱ңҪˡ
ʱ𣬻ǿȥɣıˣұǻеǬ˱װһЩɶˡ
Щĸ˵ʱǿɣĽҴܣһʼҲ֪ɣıʲôطɣһȺ³źԺһطۼϻŴǿȥƸһȥ֪Щɣԭ£һɣˣҲһ뷨ҪϷɣĲƲȺӿĵطɣһ⡣
кǿЩ˴˽֮󣬲һ˽ȥЩ˴ӵӣȻɣĽз˺ܶ౦ĽӣüչԪһЩŶ챦ϻǿ۾ֱˣλﻹֱӽЩȫǬ˱ڶ̫ˣЩװˣ˲Ű֣նɱɣǸĵһȦ
ֵһ˵ģǿɣʬҵһ֮ǰԬõһתǬƣϴǸһģһһθԬʱù˵õɣģ治١
˵ǸתǬǿԼˣϾҲϸԼҵģߣǿΪǼ΢Щ㣬Ҳܸﲻæ
飬ȻûʲôһﶼֵܣǿһˣҲףӦһЩô
Ǽ˻µͷǺɫҹ£ΣȻ󶼼ӿٶȣԭʼɭֵķȥ·ϣһʻΪʲôͻ룬ҪȥɣĶЩ˼˵ͻȻ̨ɽ֮ϵܶ඼ʧˣȻ̨ɽĿԣһȺֻ֪ޣҲûʲô룬ΪԼʦһЩ飬Ȳ֮һҲΪʦһЩܼˡ
һɵĻ˵ⷬǶû뵽ģһн֮УͻŪЩǮʮ̨ɽˣʱЩתڣǰŴñǡ
СҲ˼Ȼ뷨ҴһкǣǱߵǮòô鷳
תһ룬ҲһʮֽˣƾԼŲ̆ɽҵʽ
ҹڻһɫҴңٶȺܿ죬Ȼһֱ׷ͷҲֱǼ˵ΪܹܺõƾڲΡ
ʮľ룬Ǻܿ˦Щ׷ããԭʼɭֽ
ۿããĴԽԽʱһֱǰ̽·СͻȻһ飬˵ǰˣӵĸ
ͣ˽ŲŴһƿʱͻȻߴһ죬׿ǳͷȥʱ򣬷ĵϲ֪ʲôʱͻȻðһȺɫʺһĳӣŵ棬ٵĳ˹һĹ˷ȫֹƳ桭


2122 զأ
һʺһĹƳ˷Χ£Ǽ˶ɫ䣬治֪ôƳ涼Ǵðġ
һĹһۣǧƱؿͻȻɳ΢΢ζһֺӣЩҪǵĺɫƳ棬ʱܵǧϵǹ֮ϢͻȻһһ׵ľ룬һ³ǽɷ׿ǻײ
ڳˣҵǺܾˡһʮɭӲԶ˹ͬʱҲǵ߶˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҿǰͻȻһȺˣǺˮʥе˴磬Ϊ׵һڵϣӿٵĳƽ˹ǸоƮһ㣬ϸһŷӵȫļ׿ǳ棬ǱЩ׿ǳų߿ٵĿġ
ĸݣۣݣƤڣϻһŹֵɭɭģһͷࡣ
˵ߣϰٸˮʥ̵£ЩƳһ𣬽ǸŰΧ
ϡһˣסһ˵
˭һͷһ۵ӵ
ǶʢĽͷʦΪҪڵ³֮ϣҪˮʥ̵Ķһˮ׼Ǵʮֵ͵һרнͷƶ֮ôĺˮʥ̵ԽطȳʪĶ࣬է³㽫ɵԽϣһͳˮʥԽϵҲʺйƶͷ֮ȥѪկΣֹ̽ƶУҼΣڹƶ֮ϵһʮֿµĶ֡ӿǰϣµ˵
ˮʥ̻һҲǹ͵ģֲҴû˵
ϵļһѾȺǶʱҲ뵽ǱȻããԭʼ֮жܺˮʥ̵׷ɱԱڴ˴á
ʦþòˡͻȻǰһһ˵
ʦĿ̱㿴˵ӣ۾һУ˫۾֮ж񶾵ĺâɨ˵ӵϣõӵӲ΢΢һ¡
ǰʦһͻȻǳӶﻺվ˲θߣԨsţһ˵ϣҲоˣ˵Ϊȷ
ͽ˵㽫˴Ѫկϸ磬ڹƶ֮ϵļĸߣĽû뵽û뵽ϾȻǱԼĵݺĿǰʦҲһЩ˵ʮӲ
ʦɱҸĸҴɱҲȻ飬Ҳ˵ǵĽϣȰûÿһ·ö⼸϶ɱã㲻ǵĶ֡ӳ
ʦ΢΢Ц˵Ҿ˵⼸˵һʮĹƳ棬Ǳоͷƶ֮ʮ꣬ĹƶǹҪһµġ
ʦһڹƶͷ֮ļһѲҪһأҲǺɵ顣
һǰһǰʦ˵˼Ҷˣ
ùƳɱϵľ㣿ʦһ
ңզأһ˿
ãҾҪϸ籨ԹƻƣͬùƳɱ㡣ʦݵ˵
ǺðǾ桭
˵УǧѾƮһǰ棬һǰȥ
ǧһǰЩƳʱٴηһ죬˼ס
һǧĴڣǰʦɵõɴ۾ЩԾ˵ʲôƣôûм
ֻ˵ªţϽĹƷųɣǸʱ䣬ûㆪ¡һĲͷ˵һȫʦеӡ
ʵһҲȫĵʱǧѾָһĵУǰʱ仹˵ӺϵıƣʵȻʮǿ
СӣƱֶΣǰʦŭһһ֣һϷ˳һƮһֻаƴСĺɫɳ˰֮УͣĻζԼĳ򣬷ˡ졣
üһ׿ǳҲ̫һЩڷϾȻð˺ɫĶǧƶǸͷǧƼʮ
ǹƶ֮ﲢǸͷԽԽǿǾж඾жô͡
Ǻɫ׿ǳڰ֮еʱϻɢźɫĶʵʣƮɢæһ֣һƬǵǰ棬Ĵ衣


2123 Ĺ
ʦĹо綾ֻҪȥһһӱйƶСˡڷųЩ֮󣬱ѵ
ȻӷųЩûжãЩղŻĴɵɫĴͻȻλζһȫֱĴӰ֮Ӿȫˡ
һĻ˽Ǵ󾪲ѣæջ˼շ䣬ϣǼ˵ǰ赲Щӹĺɫ
ǺɫĶϵʱȴһǿҵĸʴԣϵķ΢΢˼¡
֮еǧƺֻ޴ļ׿ǳٵĲҿǧͻȻƳһŰɫĹâٵĻֻ׿ǳɶ˺üȦǼ׿ǳԵñ࣬һֱǧǣűߵĸо
Ȼ䣬ǧͻȻ֣Լٶײֻ޴ļ׿ǳ棬ֱǼ׿ǳ֮УղŻڰ֮еǸ׿ǳ棬ͻȻһ´Ӱ֮еϢȫޡ
ǰʦΣʱ󾪣һáĹơȻ˶ʮĺڼ׹Ƹɱˡ
Ǻڼ׹ڵ֮󣬽űðһỤ̋Ȼǰ֮Уǧٴη˳ڰ֮һȦ
ƶභʵ൱һʤܿܿǧƸڼ׹Ʊõ֤
ҼǧƵһΣһգۼ䣬Ҷûпǧô֣Ǻڼ׹ƾ˵ϣһ̣ʲôû¡
ǧƣ֮ҾûκһֹܹǧƳԹĶ
ǧƣҸоȫڶǺˡ
ǰʦ֮࣬ŵĺͻȻһѰɫĹǵѣߴ֮һļ׿ǳͻȻȫųն𣬳ǧƺ߿ٵķ˹
ôƳ棬ǺѹѹһƬǵأֻһ˲ǾͿʦǧˣΪǰһȫЩɫļ׿ǳûЩɫļ׿ǳͻȻǷһһеĳ߳ײײġ顱죬ۿҲҪֵסˣһֱӽϽ𲧸Ʈ˰֮УʱâʢһֺķϰεضٴνǸſס˾档
͸ϣǿ֮Щ׿ǳ棬һƬܲ͸磬ܼ־֢˿һĻŵĵʹȥ
Ȼ䣬ܲ͸ĳȺ֮ͻȻһ׹⣬ڵĲ֮ϻһǣ׹ɹǴƬƬļ׿ǳͬһ׷׵˵ϣȫˡ
ǵ׹ǧƣһİɫâţ֮׿ǳ׷أЩ׿ǳ࣬һ϶ҲǾ綾֮ǧֻǴ߷ɹЩƳȫˣûκм֮ɣЩƳ沢ǱǧƸģǱǧ֮Ϣġ
ǧưǵƽǰƳ棬ֱŲԶİʦ˹ȥ
ʦǳױǧƵƸŻˣû뵽ǧƾȻǿʵֱǴݿ࣬ܵĽ࣬ھ֮࣬ʦٵĺæкߵЩɮǰȥԸǧƣЩɮҲǧƴ˿̵ƸŲˣæ֮䣬ųϵĹƶͷֶɣһԵȫǧǱкһ£ʮֻĹƳɵ˰֮УҪסǧƵȥ·֪ǧڶƳֻ֮˼ȦЩƳ׷˵ϣһغ֮ǧ׾ٵɱ
⻹꣬ǧɱЩƳ֮󣬾ֱЩɮȥЩɮǧƷͷܣֻǧƵٶ̫ˣܿһɮڣ󱳽ȥǰسŵĺɮŲͣǰ˼˵ڵϣǺɮһأ˲ˤ˼ܣȻͻɫʰ쵵ĹƳ棬ӿȵĳŰʦЩ˹ȥ
һĻǰʦǱߵɵˣҺͻҲǾȵĿɿڴԸʦЩˣͲǶ֣ǧԼ׾ٵĽˡ
ֲ̫Ĺƶˡֲҵıƹƻᱻ̵ûκҲĲѵ˵
ǧɱһɮǰȥԽǾʧĺɮԽûзǧһһЩɮдһɮ˵ϣֱ˲˶Ǻڵġ


2124 ʬ
ǧƺɱЩˣûиһɱĺɮǰ㣬˶˸ָĹƳ棬ֻȫڵˣָоʮ־㤣ͻȻ˸ѹ磬Ȼ˲ʯˤڵصʱ򣬾ûκ󣬲ǧƵֶҪȴѹ绹Ҫңһ˹ƶļȫڵ̼һΪǧƵĶЩ˵ѪҺ˲ɿ飬ͨ˲ɥ
ʦȺ˶ʱޱȣǰʦϺ˵ͬʱȴߵӭǧƶȥϵĵסĵ·ȥЩҲɵӣмԲӭȥҵ֮ʣµЩﻹѰ·׷׳Ĵŵɢ
ǧƺ϶˰ʦҪĽɫͲЩĴӴܵĺɮֱʦǰʦǧƱƵǲϺˣҲ·ˣͻȻס˽ŲһͻȻһǰʦͻȻһźɫԼǧƷɵʦߵʱ򣬱㱻ƵɫϢ赲⣬ΧŰʦһȦ޼ƿʩȥ޷ͻˡ
ӿʦֶΣһ˵ʦȻ˻аĪ֣û뵽
ôǻǱߵһƵ
ⱾǻǱߵҲ˵ʦʦʲô̲£һټʮǰҲǺ̩Ľͷʦ⻤ֶǸһɽĸѧģԭȵֺʲô커жܹγһϣ赶ֹƶа壬ǱеطҲֻ˵ûмùǼʶˡӸǽ͵
۾ǰʦȥƵǲ㻤ǵ˵ôǿֻǱһ㣬ЩƵķϣڿϲ࣬һ̶ֹܹǧƿҾÿ϶ǿסһɨǧһ¾ܹ令ϸƿ
Źȥƿǰʦϣǧƽ䶾ʱǰʦͻȻЦһ˫ٴҧָԼüĴһĺ
ţֲһĻͷˣղűǧƶʮɮͻȻһӵҲ۾۾Ѫɫģֱĳ߿˹һ̣ʮɮͬʱһУ㳯˹
졭ʬһЩͻȻӵıǧƶĺɮͻȻɫ䣬ŵ˵ˡ
ӣųôЩʬʲôµģСëʬܽЩʬ島ƬŸơпЩǱƽıʬĺɮûнЩʮֲм˵
λ֪ʬɲģо仰ǿ϶˵нϣзͷ˵ĹǽϹƣǿĽͷǷͷ仰û˵꣬ʵ滹һ䣬ǡʬšЩ˵
нϡзͷʬţƷζ仰еĺ塣
ȻʱЩʬĺɮѾǵĽǰваֱϽ𲧣Ȼ͵һ½Ͻ𲧳һʬĺɮ˹ȥ
顱һ죬ǺɮԴ˲ͱѿѪĽǽһңֻһ£ʬĺɮֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
һ㳡סЦ˵ӵӣ˵ʲôʬһ¾ͱϻˡҿҲһ
仰û˵꣬мʬĺɮ˹Ǽֵ¶ûţҺܿ콫˳һɨǧһɮ˹ȥһɫĽ籡ƫУôǺɮϣնΪأʬ㵹˵ϡ
ʣµҸûһ͵Ƕֻ֣վԭأŻ˼еĽ꣬ʩչ˼콣еһʬĺɮ׷׵˵ϣʬ촦е˵ôֲǲһô
ôӣҿʬҲһСϷСǿʬ֮Ȳ̫࡭ΪЦ
ǲʬĻں棬һ֪ˡϵĿ־岢ûаˡ
ҿֻˡǿʱһͻȻָŵǺ˵ʬ循ֵĴ󺰵


2125 ι
һһʱǵٴ˸ղűҿڵأʬĺɮϣôһʱҲȵĿɿڴЩԭҿʬ壬Ȼٵںһ𣬴ӵһεֻһΡȥôˡ
Щҿʬԭµɢһֻ첲ұһȣԶһԴЩڵϵʬ壬ܵһĪǣȻٴƴһ
ûƴһԭʬ壬ͻȻƴճһˣῴǸ˳ԴȣһһԴڶƤϣҪж졭
Ǵ˵пֲʬô治һаš
ʮɮһָΪ㤵չʾǵǰǼ˶̾Ϊֹǲ·ƣϳôаڡ
ǲҲִеģٴδ߶콣ʩչǽߵ˳ȥЩɹĺɮһȦʱѪɣѪأЩʬĺɮʬٴε˵ϣֻһΣЩʬĸΪǽߵһѽ껯ǧӰһһܷһȦЩʬʱж˿飬Ϳһɵʬˡ
ҾͲˣǻƫƫͲôаʵҲôġ
ȻʵһεĴЩѾѪǵע֮£ȻһεĿ䶯Ŀɿڴ֮УٴƴһֻһΣƴһЩʬѾʬƴճһˣʬƴһֱֲֹ޷ˣǸͲ֮ܳΪˣǰֻһ飬֮ϳźܶ۾̽˺ֺܶͽȻƶһΣƶٶȸˣÿһ֮еͶɫĶ׺ݵ
ȥȥԷ˴Сǿ
ûõġʬܵĴԽʵԽǿԾӵңҪȻҲڷͷĺˡӿǼ鳯ǿٵıȥЩˡ
ɲаÿһ㣬иɻֻǻûҵˣҾͲʬϨڽϵĴвϵֱûˡ
Ҵһٴʩչ콣ǰˮ˷ʱʮɷ𣬽ǼԲֱӱ죬ȻըѿѪһɢ䣬ɢлϽٴסǣЩѪŽǵϡ
ҾͲаˣѾ飬ѵǻܹٴƴһ
аƫƫаˣҶΰЩĴɵѪ⾹ȻأԲѣ֮ٴαһĪǣţһٶȺܿ죬мĲһ⣬ȻΪģ˷Ѫȫٵ˹ȥʮɮʬ壬һ޴飬Բģнţбֻۣǳȫǵط꣬ҪֲжֲǼٴǣҲǰľŵĻһ顣
ȥүġôаţӣʬ֪ƽ𣿡Щˣ϶ð˺Щֵʵ
ȴҡҡͷ˵֪ǰֻ˵Ҳͷһο˴߶ʬֲ϶ᡭ
һ٣ٶĴܽʬ𣬷ԽԽǿһ޴壬ǹ˹ٶȻͦ죬֮ϵʮͷ˹ŹֵĽ˵ЦܿһĻҪŷ˲ɡ
ľ֮࣬æ߶˲ľ֮Ԧľǰĵ֮Ͽ˲ľԴסǾ޴ĵ·ȻЩĲľҲֻǶ˼£Ȼϱڳ˶ҺЩľȫʴİ̹߹˹
Ǽ˿޴峯ǿٵĿҲסŵ˼治֪ʲô취ʰˡ
ں֮࣬һͻȻ˵СţǼסף˵ʲô϶η⣬ҾͲ
áЩŵ˵ţһٴνϽ𲧳ι˹ȥǶû뵽ǣг׳Ͻ𲧵ʱιмͻȻѿһ϶һŴͣһ±㽫еϽ𲧸˽ȥȻպס͡


2126 ʬ
ˡȻˡ
еϽҲһʥ̺ŸֵУȻʬˡ
һҼֱԼ۾
ֻǺˮʥ̵һͷʦôܸôĽͷǼҲǿˡ
ΣҲֻһ㶣Ȼұ˽꣬кŻֱӳʬɱ˹ȥһ˼ǹǽ߸߾𣬴ףʬ
һ࣬һһ֮ǰ뵲סһиһ׵˺
ҺͻбҪһ֮ǰƴȫֵסʲôʬ
ʬеϽ𲧸ˣеˣģϽ̨ɽɽǾûˣҲûʦŽ
óƴļƣ˽ħƱ㳯ʬ˹ȥֻǻûȻпʬߣʬ㳯ϻһʮֶĵĶҺһæһٰ˲ײһԣʬĶҺһʯͷϣʯͷʴðһɫǿĭһĶɢŴ̱ǵĳ
ʬģĿֲ϶о綾Ȿһֽͷ͹ƶĽ壬ǵĽͷʦͽͷΪһ壬аһ淢󣬵ǿֲ֡
ǰԲܸҪȻôĶ֪
ҽײ֮󣬽ֳʬһǸΪһɱУ콣ĵʽƾһȥɷ֮һ״һεĳʬ׷׵ײ˹ȥһΣʬԾǱײķ飬ѪɣȻƬ֮һĪɢĴʬѪںһ²һصı죬ʬĸԲһɫѪϻϵĹһѪݣڡı죬ѪݱѿŧҺܱɳȥ߰Զ
ҲֱͲ˻ˣôŪܵĴԽʬԽ󣬼ֱΥ
Һͻڲ˺ͬʱ˴˿һۣһΡ
ʱһѾʼףͷ֮ϣܲܿ¡¡׵ĴѾʼˡ
ǰʦЩɮȻһ׵ĴɹһʬˣǵС
Եһʼ׵ʱ򣬱мʮɮƵһ󣬳ɱ˹ȥ
Ϊ˻סһİȫͷų˴ƬƬĹƵӭЩɮȥЩɮҲƺͽͷĸ֣ȻҲôηͷųĹƶЩɮҲ׷׷ųԼϵĹƶͷȫŵкͷųЩƵŴĵ˵ϣԷɱˡ
ôɮһ˸ֵסߣıƱǧƸɵˣΪµһΪʩչ
æԻеϻȥӣʬˡ
ЩǵĿһ۵Լܿס𣿡
ģа취ҵ
ǺãСһж˵ŽħƱ㳯ŵǱ˹ȥ
ҿ˳߼ҲϳҺʬŸʲô취Ըء
ⶫ϶㣬ֻûҵˣһܹʰ
ڲٰ˲ʬʱҵﲻͣĿתŶԲߣȻ䣬ͻȻڸǧƶԿǰʦʬǰʦģҽʦɱ֮ʬǲǾͲأ
뵽һȻһΣ㳯ǰʦķϮ˹ȥһʬʦĦҵ뷨ٵĹȻֱӵǰʦǰ棬治ŨĴŽסҵȥ·Ҳô
ð𣬰һҲžŪʬȻ䣬ðһ뷨ûܲأ
Ҳ֮ԸаĶӦܹЧ
뵽ٴγʬһһʩչ콣ĵڰ˸ʽ죬һ쳹ʣӽ֮籡ԽԽ󣬳ʬϯȥ˲䣬һɫĻ㽫ʬ䡱һܣʬķһ˺ѷεĲҺǸоʮͬʱ˲ҽ
һĻһϲûԸʬкܴõģֻǲҸ˶ãʬͻȻأԹ˼£ϵĻͻȻϨˡ


2127 ż߰
ҲЦأ
춼ղʬ
ľ֮࣬ٴγʬϸۣʬеǰǿʬȻûбҲͦҵģ״ϵŧˣԭҲǰ׻һƬȴú̿һĺɫŨһĶҺҲ罦˳޴ڷ΢΢Ĳ
ʬ˵Ĳᣬ»ġ
أԹ֮ʬͻȻٴηһ̶Ľ߹˹һﱻŪЩ߳ŭʼҷ˷ĽԽ㣬ԽǵȻ䣬ҵٴðһ뷨Ҳ֪²ϵķʬߣҪóһԣ
ʬһ־͹аԵģʬܹһа֮ӦڷʬߵĿƷΧ֮ڣǣֱӽǷʬߴǬ˱˳ʬ˹ȥ
ʬ֫򵥣ͷҲôҽʬ߳׹ȥ붼û룬ֱӴмѿһ޴ķ϶Ƿʬ߸һ˽ȥ̵еϽһ㣬ǰĸɴ䡣
ʬ̽ȥ֮ʬͲô̹ˣٴηһʹĲҽʮͬʱĲҽУ˺ѷΣʹ飬ͷƤЩ飬Ȼ󣬱ʬһŰɫԼУһܿʬкɫĹâ֣϶Ƿʬʬ
ʹڵϷʬйصĹһʱ˵ӣһЩķʬҲ㲻վһԿʬҺһֽʦִǬ˱˳ʦ³ԪҪȻҪǿ࣬Ȼ»ǾûһЩ
ʦֱҷų֮ҳǻðŰ̵ʬһָʦֺܿҵ⣬һڣ㳯ʬ˹ȥʦһŽʬײķ˺üȦʬٴȼ˻棬һſڣʬһԪ֮һԪ֮ޱͣǾ޴ʬ϶ʱһɫĻ䡱һյһƬͨһ㣬ʬһЪϢĲҺ쳹ʣͻȻûϢ
ʱͷ֮Ϻ¡¡˼ը죬һ׹䵽һеǹǽ֮ϣ׵ˡ
ʱһ׳Ѿû̫ôΪʬѾҵˡ
ˣһǽһ׷׷׵ĳʬȥһĹռ֣ʬʱΪΣʦ̫ףֱӳ߱˹˳һ֣㽫ǶʦջǬ˱֮С
ֻһף㽫˴ʬëûˡ
һ㽫׳Щɮ˹ȥһ£Ѫɣʮɮըȱ첲ȣòҡ
ʱҲע⵽ǰʦղһûȫǧƵĽһ߲ٿʬȻʬѾˣǰʦ̾ܵʬķɣ˼һѪ
Ļʱ֮Уǧһ֣һźɫҩۣתҪѡ
ʬһֽ׳˿ܵ˷ɣҲֻ·һһҪˣһǼһҪӣٰ˲׷ȥ˼£Ҿ͵ǰʦǰ棬ὣ
ʦôż߰ú桭ҳ
ʦݺݵ˵ţҲû˸ղŵĵһ֣㳯׳˼ȭͷСͷЩͷһΣ˼ѪСӤģ߿ٵ˹
⼸Ҵ֮ǰʦһҪһߣұҪȥ׷ǰʦǼСȴƹ֮ӰΣܿһСһǬ˱ңСһɺɷЩϯȥҲܿǰʦ׷ȥ
һΣ׷ʦߣǧͻȻ˰ʦĺɫҩֱۣӳŰʦĺ󱳵ȥ
ҿķǧԼٶ˰ʦڣʦһ˱㽩Ӳվһ˹ȥʩչ˺ϴ辭һ±ץסǰʦĲӣܵϴ֮ǧƺܿӰʦϷ˳ֳΧЩɮȥ


2128 С
лҿ϶ŹκһҶԵеĸ֣ΪʶҵΪ̫ˣ־֣޷⣬Ǻˮʥ̵ͷէ³һصĻԣֻвϵԼΪֶĸһۣҪٵΪֻһݾͨ˺ϴ辭һЩֵΪ
һԽ֮УҲ˲ٸֵΪһˣһϣΪ񣬼ֻһΪѾܲˣɣĽɵһλʲôʦΪʬšΪߵİϵΪЩɵΪһţҵΪ϶ᷢ츲صı仯ʱ˵ܸһصʹһƴߵ͵ʵ
˿̣ǰʦĲӱץУſҪ˵ЩʲôвҵĻҸᣬϴ߶˺ϴ辭֮ǰʦΪٵҵĵ֮УʦıԵΪʹ࣬һʼܹȫΪһ£ֹ˺ϴ辭ٵɣ˿Ҳ֮ˣղŻǧƸ˹ƣҲûжٷʱһһƣʦڵֵסϵΪǿբĺˮһ֮дӿ롣
Ҽֱ޷ݴ˿̵ĸоǶˣͻȻһζͣһٺԺԴԴϵĽǰϵΪɣȻתҵĵ֮С
ɰʦΪͬʱһĽ׵ûͣЪһ޴ĺ𣬴ĿĹڵϣҽкͲ֫ϱĴɡ
ҽʦΪȫɸɾҵʱײſͣ
һܳǼ֮⣬Ѿûһŵˣʦˣ󲿷ֶһСѵġ
дʱߵ˸ղű׺ʬʬ˺һҵ֮ǰʬ̵Ͻ𲧣кܶճҺ壬һʬϳһ鲼ϣϸ˲˺üڣǶĵҲУµȥ죬ҲϽвĹƶ֮
ʬɱ֮еĶضɾˣкûʲô¶
˿̵һĹͣˬϿ׬Ҹߵߣб㳯Ҷһҽӹһҵķʬߡ
ţҺòײҵģʬ׺̫ˣҰе
һոսףЩɫЩףʱȥ׷ɱЩܵĺɮǧ۷˻һڣǧƲ֮һܹ˵壬ͨصһ֮󣬱һĿٵĻָѵ״̬
ǧƲԽϵȵɸ׹ƽͷСһĵҲͻͽһȻҲǸ
ӳһƬǽսĿţһĿɿڴģҽϽ뿪ʱŻعǼһۣЩŵ˵ǡǼ˼ֱ̫ǿˣԽԽ׽͸ǣǼϾŶôֲʵԽϺ˼ʮİʦôǸɵˣ
ӣʲôСֵġʦˣһǸɵˣ꣬ǳˣȫС棬ҳݡٺ١ոһ͸ӴţҲͦġ
Ǽ˵ţͻȻ˲Զֱĺ֮һǼ˲ⶼһӺܿ˹ߡ׷ˡ
˵ţǼ˱ӿٶȣǰַɱȥһֱ˹˵ͶŸղŵսһɨӵһһˮһ˵棬ʯɣڵϵЩʬϡãЩӵǴľɨڵء
ǿĻѹ֮£ҲֻǱӴܵķݶ£ֻҵһоʯĵطǶһĽ
ֱڸղŵսΧ˼ٷӵֱ֮ӴͷϷ˹ȥȻٸȫװ˽ֱɨ˹һ˵ز˾ܰ
ãǼΪЩ׷ǵĽȣ̫࣬ʮϤ·רһЩƫƧе·һǳΣЩ˵׷ٲѣҹֱҲҵǵ١


2129 ȴϢ
źҹڻһèһٵԭʼɭ֮дУ֮ǰǱҪӳԶľ룬һˣ˱õ׷ѰǵټҲ¸
ʵҲηЩˣ˵׷Ȼ࣬ǼֻҪȫԸܹƽģֻǲһ˻޾Ҫ֪ɣװˣˮʥ̱鲼ǣмʮɱĹ
һǼ˸סǱ֮УǼɵէ³һҵǣǵ³϶ʮҡ
Ҳ˵Ѿ·ȫһҲ϶է³Ķ֡
ˮʥ̵ͷէ³иҸүһսԼҸүΪԶ޷է³⣬ֻӣѡ
һʹ˻ֻŷ񱼣ʱڵӵĴ֮±˰￪ľ룬һ·֮ϣʮ̫ƽûκεֻֿԴֱһֱȥҲͽͣԭʼȴ֣ܣֱ¿ֻܿһƬдеӣܹˡ
ˣһ·֮ҲͣЪϢڵӵĴ³εСУһ·սկķȥΪ֮ǰǸԼˣֻҪлᣬǾͻսկϣȻһͬĵ·
·̣ͣĸ·սկ֮ǾͿʱЪһЪȻ취ǧƸȡϵߣҪΣ࣬ΪƬѾ˺ܶѰټĺˮʥ̺Ѫկһųǧƣǧƿͨĸֶ䵱Ŀܹ˷ڵǻһξʱǾͿԶԶıܿǣӶܿ˺ܶԷײĻᡣ
һҹ·ƣĺˣһɽΣǧƿһЩƳվڷڣϢ˼Сʱ֮·
˶ߣڳˣϢСʱĹ⾰ܿٵĻָһ֮ǰףǧҲһ壬ָҲͦãҲǧƸ޸һƣһʼǧ֮У¼ǧƣΪۿܶ˲ǧСУֱһɱòײ˵ӵĿ־ǧƸһҲ˴룬ֻǵӵıƱǧƸˣûֻܵȵԺˣԼһˡ
ˣҹߵսկĸ뵽ĲһսկΧûкˮʥ̺Ѫկ˰أկһѰǰ㰲
ҲҵģҷųСȣƮսկ֮УҵӴʦ֪ͨկ˽կΧƶöŲҽկŴһ϶ǷŽȥ
Сᳵ·ȥûãկűĵĴˣǼϢսկ棬սȥûãͿӴʦվկкǹȥ
կǲûж˵ֱӸӴʦĵ¥档
ţұһ֣Ӵʦסָ鷳ˡ
λҪǼΧկĶˣѾõϢ˵ǵɣҲǸɱˣֱһϲ£ɣǰҲûѹկˣܶСկɣֲƷºˣɣ϶ǸɱˣԺѹկϵɽûˡӴʮֿ˵
סҲֻǾ֮ͶѣҲ˵̫磬ϺɣȻѾˣѪկɣڣҲֻôˡЦ˵
Ѿܲˡ˺ܶկ飬Ӵ״Ͻկ˶Ǳʾлˡ
Ӵ׸ǿһȻǽʲô㣬ֻø˵ʵ飬սկֻʱţŸǵѻϣһֱãɺͰչͨˮ飬˳ˮУӦñٶȿһЩ͵սկǣȻûУӴ˵ûмЩˡ
ǾսկסˣѮѹﲻ֪˭˵ˣǣһĿģ޲һڽһˡ
òѮѹһ㽫ǧƸ˳ȥȥѰǣ֮ǰɢˣǧÿһ϶ӡǣɢˣǧҲѰӡҵǣǧƷɳȥ֮˱ֻϢһߵȴǧƵĻš


2130 ֹ̫
ڴ֮бЪϢʱָͷһͣҲж˷СȸǷ֮⣬ȫ˸ط£˯
ڶһ磬һ˯Եɵɵģһǣ˵
˲͵ľôˣǲǺˮʥ̵ҵսկˡ
һ˵ǣ黹ûصǸز˵Ǳ߷飬ǧһϣҵǣǱߵЩֹ̫ۡ
ȥһ˵ҵٴǷʲô˵ȺˮʥҵսկҪϾ
һ˵ںҹʱǧҵǣʱǧƱ֮ͨ΢ϵǧȻ˵һͨǧƵӾ˵Ļ
ͨǧƸһǰ֮ǰļƻطעԷ׷֮󣬱ˮðһλûɱ˺ˮʥ̺ܶˣһƱֱ֮ñˮǱˮмǰУĶԷͷת
Ȼ֮󣬶Էڷߵˮ·ˣǱڴ֮еĸӵ֮з˴ĹƳޣиͷܴ㣬Ƿ˷Ϯأǵȥ·Ҳƣڱͷöȫںˮʥ̺񽫴󲿷עǵϡ
ǧҵǵʱǸովһս˺ˮʥʮۺɮԼѪկļʮʦƵİչò֮ŽԷˣǿˣǻ֮С
ⶣһǧҪȥԮǣǿͰչͻΧֱӱϣǰʱ·ϡ
һ˵꣬Ǽ˲ⶼʼս϶Ǽ˵ʵǿ˵Уɻһķӣս̫ǿͰչǼΪģ֮ˮ·ñˮ鷽һЩӱܵ˵׷٣û뵽Ūɳ׾ȴվ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ҳһһȷǵλôǹȥǻϣˣ»ʲô⡣
һȴɫСŸ磬𼤶ҪǹȥԮ϶а취飬Ȼһֱˮʥ̺ѪկΧ׷½أ˳ˮ£ȴǰͷֻǵ׷ĽǲͣǸսկ鷳ˮʥ̲ܽеˮϹƺޣôˮϵǸæǶı϶а취ġ
СšҾǲˣʵͷжͦõģҲܹɢԷעǵĻҵһ취е
˶ϻ֪ʲô⡣
ϻٺһЦ˵ܼ򵥣Ȼڴ󲿷ֵĵ˶˹ȥǾ¶棬ɱԷһЩˣСŶֱǣںˮʥ̺ѪկΪ޵ӦСţֻҪ¶٣Է϶ҲɳԸǣǾлӳԷΧ׷½ˡ
˵ϻؼʱӻͦõģ취Ҳֻǲ֪Է᲻ǰǣűߡ
ҲҪһԣ϶ܹǱ߼ѹ
սկһ죬֪Ѿǰ֮ǱսկĴӸˣҹʱ֣źڱ͵͵սկ
ǰͰԭʼɭߣҲĶЩ׷ɱǵˣǧֻҪǸܵеѰǵټ֪ͨǣȻһ˾ͻҵǲˣԼٶȽЩնɱΪʾģһ˺ϴ辭˶˸ɣϣöԷһĿȻ
ЩѰǵˣһ¶ǣǷֵûзӦʱǹȥ͵ϮǧƣҲǶԷ޷ġ
ɱ˾ߣƬ̵ֻͣɱЩˣӴһɮѳһźŵԷҲ֪ɳѰǵ˸Ƕ֣Աÿһ϶źŵһǣ
ұһֶ̬Ǽϵźŵȫ˹ԭصȺһ߶ٰ˲Լٶȱʮ￪ĵطźŵ죬Ȼһǻ֮ǰһξ룬ֻһʮ￪ĵطһźŵȵ׷ȥһʲôûУȫҶԷĽࡣ


2131 ı
һǲ֤ǵĴڣõ֪Ǽɱ˶ԷˣһĶܵ˵׷ɱʮЧǣƵ˵עǵźŵǸطѾӳ˼ʮ￪ĵطзЩ˱Ȼʮơ
㣬սˣһ·Żؼҵ;пǰֵǣԴɱ˺üѰǵĺˮʥ̺Ѫկ֮󣬽ļ֮ڣȻҲûκһֿ֣Ǽ˶Щܲڡ
ĻЩǣܲһֱ׷Ǻ׵ЩˣȻ׷ɱѵЩǼɣ
һΣǿ˵ͱһ޴¨ӡ
ǿаȫǸˣϵѪկǵɣǿĺˮʥ̣ȫһһͬ׷ɱǡ
·սˣԷλһʼˣͻȻ˲ˣûûģԷڸʲô
鷴֤϶ʲô۶ӣѪկɣЩ¿ܻǼǺˮʥ̵է³϶ηǼС
λֵߺ͵³ǵУͰէ³ǰһе̬ȣܹ׷뿪
Ȼܡ
ԣʮǣԽƽԽĲͻ̿֡
ǰյӸָһС·һ·ϣӸ˵һС·ǹ˶ĶٳģֱﻪĵϣϴȥģߵһСÿȥģ϶ʦѪӣͲѪկΪѪӸϵĹϵãѪկҲֵΣ룬ϾȻҲѪ¶֣Ա
ϾΪһеѪǵӶΪеۣҲ˽ģϲֹһɱߵˡ
С·ϣǽ˺ü죬ûпһӰԾͷһЩΪҹޣǧƺСڣҲηԭʼɭеĶޣȫɸ㶨
ʱǸС·̵ʱǷһ飬·ϣǷʮʬ壬ͬڵϵƥЩʬѾظˣЩѾ¶˰׻ĹͷԱһֱвӬ˵ķɣòҡ
Ƭȴ֣ʪȣʬһͻḯ÷ǰЩʬѾˣһЩʬ壬ܿжϳǵȫйƶģΪ֤ǿõпһ˵ǻȻǿޱȶĵһĻ˵ǻ֮һƬ˵ĳӣЩӻ棬һЩҴûмɫ׿ǳ棬ͷԼСĴָ׸ǴС飬ǧ򣬾ôȥ˵Ҳ౻Щɫļ׿ǳйˡ
̱ǵĳζ˵ĳҵŻ˼˳ֻеӱֵıȽϵеĵЩӲȥҲ֪ǶĶȤζ˼Щ
ϸһЩʬ֮󣬵Ӳߵߣ˵Щ˶Ķ죬ЩùƶˣѪկеʦʩչĹƶ֮ƣʮȷţЩ˿϶ѪկɱģЩϵĶڣ϶ǹһӵûдȥϴĶƷǮԼԺȵĶһû٣ȻͼƣǺ
ԷǲǾǿٰܻɶΪԷһԲŽԷɱˣһ
пܣûƤ߻ȥǴ󲿷˶֪ǵĿɴɱҲŹκһ֮ˡӷ
Щ˶ˣ˵Ѫկ֮ǰѾһ⣿ҿ˵
ԼţͻȻһЩ˵֪ˡô˵Ѿǰǵǰ棬пܾڱ߾ΧͶء
˵û⼸Ҿ;Щ֣Ϊʲôźü죬һ˶ûѾԭʼлɱˣԽ߾ĵطãǹȥأԭʼɭôǴһǹһطҶԷҲûʲôرĸֻ֣ҪǾһǸı˲ԣֱյǣҲϹתˣƾ׵˶ҵ
Խ߾ôôȷǻĸطصϣһɻ
èèйѵˣѪկƣ·ô֣ű߾Ҳùˡҵ


2132 
ôһ˵˵ɫˣ˳Ƭ̣һͻȻһĴȣʲôҪ飬Щ˵ѽˣȻԷڱ߾Ǳǣǿ϶ҲܶԷľˣˮ·ٶȿ죬϶Ҫ֮ǰ߾ߣʱҪ˶Է
㻹ʲôϽǧƽǽлǼ˺ϼƺϼƣһİ취ǧǵȦסдߴٵ
һӦһǼĹһۣһεĵطһű㽫ǧƸ˳ȥȥѰǵӰ
˭Ҳ֪ǾʲôطҲֻǧܹҵǡ
ǧƵȻЩС֣Ƿٶһգ۽ĹûӰʱ䣬ֻĵȴԸûǰ̫ൽ߾ߣҪȻп˶ԷȦס
ǧƷɳȥһ֮һǣѾܵǵǰ棬Щǣɻǰˮʥ̵İΧȦ
żҲûãֻܹĵĵȴͬʱּӿٶȣһ·УǰˣҲǰӪȣǶԷһֱӽ˸ɱˣ׷Ī
ҾõҲڣ˺ˮʥ̣ԷһͻɱǣΪĵңԶԷִֶΣȻǵҪЮҡ
ǽǰ˺üСʱһͻȻס˽Ų˼۾
ǼҲȫͣ˵Ҳ֪϶ǧҵǵټһŬǧƸǹͨ
һüͷһ֣صӣǲҲЩ
ԼӵĹ⾰һͻȻ۾΢΢һЦ˵ȷʵǰ棬ű߾߻һ·̣ҿǷӦĿ죬ҪȻǾһͷˡ
ǡǹûУȲʵ
ǧֲ˵û취ǹǧֱ˰չǧƸչ˹ƣڰչأɺǿֻ׷ǹһ
һжǹģĿǰҲֻǧֲȣûǹͨҲûİ취
ʣԭصȴȥǡ
˵ֱȥӭǣӦûͦԶ߶һϵĻϲͷˡ
Ƭ̣һͨǧ֮ϵһӭǧķȥ
һ·֮£ͨ裬ҹһӵʱǼˡ
ʱ˰չǧƿƵİչĿЩͣһͷһֻŵͷ񱼣Ųͣչɺǿǽ׷ᣬ۵չ֮ǧŴӰչ˳
ʱİչѾ۲ˣһƨɾ͵˵ϣ죬п಻˵ǧкֱӾ֮Уһ·񱼣Ϣɰۻˡ
ûм棬ٴμޱȸˣֻ֮С
һ棬˶˸طЪϢƬ̣ȰϢʵˣŻ˵˱˴֮
ߵܼ򵥣˸ǰʦ֮Щ֮⣬Ļ϶ǳͨ裬˼ˣǸɵġ
Ǳ߾ͱȽˣ˶Է󲿷ֵעǸ˼֮󣬺ˮʥ̺ѪկԼǵЩ˾رעǣ伫ˮзŹơžˮޣ˺ӵ
Ҫɻ飬ı·ʱӣʱˮ·ͱǸж˿ˡ
ˣǺüζվ˺ǿĶ֣бէ³ߵǼۺɮչŵ˶Էˣŵѣˣչǿ˲ʣˡ
죬ͻȻ׷ɱǵȫˣӵҲǳͨ裬һ·ϣٹһܵعӣתɵִﻪġ
Ϻ꣬˵ʱҲһЩ쳣ǿԭʼɭֻ֮ûźţ޷ȡϵֻܱıϵ
˶ԲߣǣϵǣǾӳԽôӣתȥΣͨϽĵطﻪģʱϵصڵ˹֧Ԯǡ
ãǻûüתȥΣǧƣǴطڸͷˡ
Ҳ뵽ˣԷǲô׵ķŹǣǺпܻյǹȥԵҪ⣬ѶԷİΧȦ


2133 ﴫ
ʼ˶Բߡ
ļƻǰһ붫ǵİ취һΡ
һΣԷ϶ڻԽϽĵطر˵է³ԵԸǡ
ԭʼɭ֮УĴҴܣһǹһǹģõĪͷԣէ³߸ϵǲܱǣűߣԭʼɭ֮и׽èèֻеõȷеϢŻ¶棬һټ
ҲޱȷǸүûиǴһֻҪǣֻ·һ
ڸ·ߣһߣӹʡ뻪ģڶǶУԽ϶뺣Ӻ·ֱʡЩӣǴԽϺεĴ֣ӵϷ뻪ġ
·ܿˮʥԼҪҲ˵ǾԵһʧϾ뵽ˣˮʥ̺ѪկǰҲɵӣ϶Ҳ뵽ǻô
ʵֻҪէ³۴һ򶼿ͻΧȥǵļƻҲͬ㲻Է׶ǲʲôƻͷ۵顣
ߺ·һЩ̫еͨΪһǾߵĺ·˿϶
Խ϶ʡҲЩΣգϾԽϾڣֻʣһǱյ·Ǵνʡϲ
Ǽƻ˽һСʱ˺ܶ࣬Ǿò̫ȣէ³ǲǻ뿪ˣǱҪҵԮӦǣҵĹٷ档
ط绰򲻳ȥǸ޷磬ȥҵԮأ
һܿһ⣬˵ǿǧƸһֻϣϰһţҵʱڸǽӴЩˣϢݹȥڰϵٷˡ
ⲻʧΪһð취ҲòףΪֻǲ²ˮʥ̺ڱ߾߸ǣҲ˵һԷƻģһͻȻϮʱǧƲߣǵս󽵵ͣǧƿһɱǾ͵һְæʵǲס
ʵҲȹȥһĿ̫ˣߣЩɮĹУȱǸ׽ˡ
ȥҲûиüĿӲʵЩס
أ˼Ƭ̣ҵͻȻһһܺõİ취
Ҳˣéɽһθéɽƽ˼ʱ˳˸ҼŽɫķݷ֮⣬ҺüŴҽŴҸĸǱߣҸĸǱʲôѵĻԽǴˣܹ߱ӵǵϢ̱ܸéɽ
⴫Ǳ˴˹ģͬ˴ҸĸǱҲܹյҵϢΪ򵥵һֹͨ
ǧﴫһ
Ҫ뻭ַʮģéɽƽҲֻҼţҽһ붼ҸĸԱʱֻ裬ԼҲ˼š
Щ˵ʮһֱãˣǵּȾȵľأҲ벻⼸Ŵ
ұ㽫Ǽˣ˶ʮָˣ˵ٺòˡ
һʱҲŽǼŴ˳ȼһţǴŵʱұ㽫˵Ļҵĸĸ
˼ǣѣҸĸϵéɽƽ˻߹ڵҢˣ֪ͨصб߾ĵطӦǣҲ֪ͨһڵˡ
Ǵȫջ֮ǰҪ˵ĻȫݳȥһǴϨˣ˵Ļʹȥˡ
Ҹ⴫ʱ򣬱㶣ЯҸĸϰߣŴǿ϶ܹյ
ҽҪ˵Ļȫ˵֮ǴûȫϨ𣬾ڴʱͻȻȼŵĴķҰֵİСţһ¶ˣСһʱ͹һˣˡ
˵仰֮ǴͻȻϨˣ˻ҽɢ
Ұ˵Щʱһһ֪дĹܣܽյظҲ̫ˡ
ӿ龰ǾȵĿɿڴ˵̫˼ˡ
ʱȽϸĵĻͻȻ˵Сţҷһ⣬үӱֵʮֵ¶İүǲҲһЩа
æҡͷôܣҰֵǻЩȭţﶮʲôУҪǶĻЩ껹ܿ


2134 С
˵ϰָղ˵ĿǵȷʮֵѰ֮£϶֣Ҹүһ˶ʮ֪꣬ϰ־һصصׯںڵʳԣȭϵĹ϶еģѰ˽ϵĹҰ̵ֽģéɽԪȭһЩƤëȭŹҲ㲻϶ô
Ҫ˵ϰֶУܣϵĞų׾ܸܳҰǸи֣ܹǰεϵϢ
оһֿܣҰéɽЩéɽϵĴѧһЩ£Ͼéɽ֮ϣдĶ࣬éɽ֮ϸŵĳϣڽ֮϶һһĺ֣˵éɽƽˡ
˵ҰֵиܲϾҵˣŴ϶Ǵˡ
˵éɽλÿҰֵʣΪͽء
ҰֶʮˣҪǿʼУһЩ
Ҳûж룬ȻҰֶѾ˻Ϣ϶ܹصĶģǽٵĽǳ;棬ĵ·ƵȥΣȻȥʡϲ
һ뵽ҪƵȥΣͻȻһǱһ̫үĲīԴϴһҲûˣ˼ҹ¿꣬һȺΪ飬òįǴһȥܹȥīתһ룬Ǳˣ¶է³֪īƻ֮֡
īΪˮʥ̵ĶӦò࣬ҪǸȣǲ࣬ǻǲҪī鷳ĺãҪȥҲӦʱ
ӣǱ㰴õ·߳һĳжȥһ·ȥʮ̫ƽûκһǵˣǧҲûʲôǵĹƳ棬Ϊ֣ǵÿһ˶һִоէ³ǷŹǣççԭʼɭд
ȴʱ̾ԼһжǴ˵Էһֱڻļǡ
˵ʵҵԸܵ׷ɱ˶ǶҲγһȤһ·֮Ͼ⼸ˣÿ˸·Ǹ·ƣоÿֻţĿֻţΪ̫ˣһ˶κλ塢ƶ޶ûУͷ·ֻ˾ѹ֡
һҲҷɣ񾭶ţˣǻӿ˸·Ĳ
˽ϣԭʼɭ˴Լ߰Ĺ⾰ŽӽǸĳУһֱﴩ۶ǲԴɫڿԶԶĿһЩķ羰ˣ紣ԶЩʵͰķӡ
ӽʱ˸εĵطʱЪţһ£ȥǸСȥһЩ˵ķװûеصֽңֻܿܲǬ˱ĶʵڲУֻ͵·ˡ
ҹɫǱǸСǣȹȥһŷСҲˡ
˵һСǣʵһƫԶ򶼲磬һͦԶ涼·ҲһˮأķձͰҲûʲô¥ͨҵһĦгǺܲˣһԼǲߴ˵طһ´˻ʮǰ
ʮǰĸ߸ڴҲôġ
Сͨ˵磬ϣܿټ˶ŵƣȻôĵطҲûʲôֻСתһҵһ˼ңּɹŲ·ֱȥЩɹ·ȫߣҲãǬ˱óһЩԺȵĶ˵ϣ͵ǻǮˡ
·Ǳ˺üң˼·۷˻ȥ˻ϡ
ȥ֮ҽ·ȫ˲ݵϣôһĸĸʲô·
ͻȻ·һ֣ǰ˻ΣЦ˵Сͬѧ˵͵͵ˣ͵ɶҲDֱû뵽㻹Ⱞãƽôûпأ
һ죬æ̫ڣûϸһԾȫˣôû͵飬һʱæҲġ
мЦţɲĵ˵һ磬϶һεСϱɤ֣˵ĸ̬޳ܵļһ͵˼£̫ˡ
СӾǷᣬ˹ЦҲôԽԽ
ҴЩ·һæǻ·ҲսǬ˱ҹɫǴСǣҪһʱܴԽ߾ߣϵֻҪطǾͲˣ˵һ뵽ܻܿصĵĵϣֿʼ


2135 ǻؼ
СǵϵСһκܳľ룬·̣ΪҪԽһƬɽ֣ЩɽָԽһƬԭʼǺ˺ܶ࣬ǱȳʪҲһЩ
ϱ߾Ĵ֮УʱһЩֵĽָһЩڲ˵ЩѻôǻǱߵĲ̫һ
ĵѻֻᡰɡĽУʮЩεѻȴʮöת䡣
һ˵͸һۣ˵ûĻеĺѻԾαصӸ磬ѧ˵ѻɲһ
ȴܲ˵ʹɣΪǱĹӸ磬ܺңҲŲڲѧ˵
һЦ˵ʦү˵ûӸ磬һϴ࣬ȫë¾кɫɫͭɫĽΪͷнۻɫⴹաƣУģЩӸ绹ܳ򵥵ĸܶ൱˶ὫӸ׽ȥڼţԹ
ͣвҲ÷Ͼ˼ǵص
ϻЩΪ˵ɵȱ񣬻ܳ˵һ治š
֪лһ䣬мֻӸǵͷϷ˹ȥһ߷һ߻Ľţɵȱɵȱ
лһֻڰһʺóŻҺϻĿ죬ҪȻһʺϡ
Ļ۴УЩӸɵȱ
ЩӸܿҲӦɵȱɵȱǼЦǰϡ
Ƭ죬ڵڶҹʱϵı߾߸ڱ߾ߵΧÿһξִڵı߷ҪԽ߾ߣһʼڱ辯棬ԷĻᱻΪַأֱӿǹС
߷ڱеļһɲǰ裬ȫǹʵԷ֣治顣
ȻЩ߷ڱͨ˵Խĺ蹵˵Сһˡ
кְܶ취ܹȥǧ͵͵¹ƣȻҪǵֻʱʹȥǹȥ֮
ʵҲòô鷳߾ôеĵطܶطûеֻһ籮Ĺ磬ô֮ģȫϢĴطȥ
ߵʱǼЪϢƬ̣ȻųСȳȥ鿴ĸطûڱأֱܹӴԽߵĵط
Сȳȥûжãܿ۷˻̽˵·˵ǰĳһطԲ·ụ̂ȫԴǸطԽȥ
ȵϢҲһںڰļ˵ֵǣߣһĵأˮʥ̵˱ûа취ˣǻؼң
һ˵Ҫȥ˵Ͻ¶ϲɫֻеˮ֪ʲô
ɳƬ̣˵Χûˣ
ûаСѵ㻹Ųҵ
ŲֻǾر̤ʵûָоܰȫȫĻصĵĵ棬ܾЩ̫ʵˮʥܹôɵķ뿪ʮֲĵ˵
˵Ҳò̫̤ʵֱΪǴûô˳ɣԲŻĸоչҲ˵
ǣſˣǻԥʲôϽȥ˵ҾͲźˮʥ̺ͽǵЩ˸ڱ߾߸飬ȥ˹߱ǻĵأǿǵĵ̣򡣡дֵ˵
߰ɣһﻹҪСĽСȺǧƷų̽·һʲô⣬ǺӦ䡣ѵ
˷׷׵ͷȻè԰׳̵ٶֱӿԽ˹ߣֱӿԽ˽籮֮󣬻ǲⳤһڽ̤Ĵˡ
Ǵ˴һƬɽҰ룬ǻҪǰС
ݵ˵ǻҪǰһٶ๫ĵطẒֻ̇ǿԽ˹֮ͻȻһ飬ǵ֮ǰôϵԶھéɽ֮ϵĸף֪ͨéɽƽϵصˣƬȵؽӦǣǿԽ˱߾֮󣬽žĵ棬߾ȻһӦǵ˶ûС
ĸڳأ
ҽһ˵˲Ȼ侪ѣǰϵҸ׵飬˶ˣôһ˶ûأ
ϵܳңéɽƽҲὫ鵱Ϸ϶ĸڳ˴⡣


2136 ܲõϢ
Ұһ˵˵ٴɸϽϵȺǧƣǰ浽û
ҺһиæȺǧϵǵõĻӦһаȫûзκοɵټ
ٴͣ˽Ų߼ûصԮҲûкˮʥ̵ЩˣѵصǰˮʥǱߵ˴
Ǻˮʥ̺ûطĵط½ǣ
ô˵Щ֣ò˸о硣
һɹˣˮʥȷʵûйǻطʡǾͷĴ󵨵ǰߣܻܿؼˡһĴ󣬲ῼ̫ࡣ
Ƕ˰ɣٴοʼǰнͬʱȺǧƼΧ
ǰнʮ·̣һ鶼ûУҴʱͻȻһ飬Խߵʱ䣬ҵֻһֱǹػ״̬Ϊããȴ֮Уֻûźţһ˻ĵĵ棬ǰ߼ʮܿˣֻӦúܿܽյźţһźţұԸصǱȡϵǵʲôΪβӦǡ
滳ɣǲصߴ˵طҼǵҸϵ˵ľĵطǡ
϶Ϊʲôûأ
ֻ֮󣬵ѾˣֻȴûźţΪǻԵʡ
˲ҷһ˿裬ǰ˶ʮ·̣ۿžҪӵʱͻȻ䣬ҵֻһֱĬĸ·ֻ콫˶һ
óֻһ绰ڵĽӴģǱ㽫ǵ绰
һͨӱʮֽŵʵүأ
һƬǰ߰г̣ܹˣʲôҪ𣿡ʵ
Ҿһֱ绰һֱûиͨһ϶û˯绰ˣҶˣǸͨˡЩ˵
ʲô飿ҸоӵЩ̫ԣߴٵ
֮ǰǲͨķéɽƽϵص֧Ԯӵ
ǰʲôͬʱҲéɽǱ֪ͨˡҵ
һǳҪ㣬үˣéɽƽȷʵѾ֪ͨص飬éɽƽ֪ͨ˲ԣֱ֪ͨ˾صܾ֣Ȼصֱܾ㰲ȥִ飬֪صܾǰŵ˭𣿡ǽ
ʲôʱˣӣϽ˵ɡҲЩˡ
ʡϾֵĹϽΧصֱܾӽ´ﵽϾ֣Ҳ֪Ͼֵϴ³е϶ձƹܣձʲô˾ү϶ףһֱձ岻ԸɱǼָձȥ㣬Ͳܡӵ
ҵһΧҲ˽ӵĻһȫɫ
ڳˣ˵֮⣬֪ҸձĹڣǿǲˡ
ձҪְܳңǻ̫߳ˡ
һ֮ԼǿеȻʵΪʲô֪ͨصܾأôϵҼүӣ
ҾͲ֪ˣéɽƽ˵ļȽϸ߰ɣͬʱȽأֱӸصܾȡϵصܾȻᰲϾִ飬֮ڵʮ⡣ӵ
صֵܾձҲӣչһ䡣
ү֪ĵ̫ˣЩٷˣĻһһĵطôҸɣ˵ȥһطӦǣû뵽ǻӱĵطͺŪ˹ȥصܾҲὫôţǸ洦֡ӵ
ôģӵĻչǿסձϱұ°ӣҪصĽࡣ
ţֵүһܲõϢһ죬ڵһֱڱ߾ϢкܶӸۼظ֣ۼݲȫͳƣٺ֣¶Ͼֿ϶ҲϾָûκαʾȫһֻ۱һֻ۵Ľ࣬Ͼֵ˿϶Ҳ֪ǺˮʥǱߵҪԸǣԲŻôһҪСģҲɳһЩֹȥѾˣȥӦǡүѾ֪бˮʥ̺Ѫկǵ˸ΧˣӦĶ֣ܲͻΧͿǵ컯ˡ


2137 ˸
Ҳһ·ǺСģǱ˸ˡ
ؼôĶ֪
Ҳ˵Ͼ֣˵Щˮʥ̵ˣжϳߵķλӶǵĿġ
ǧƺڣȿԷҲԷƣ֪ǻϷߵأ
һ£ʵϽ˵Ǵߵ·ߣǲϾֵձй¶ˮʥ̵ģ
ӳƬ̣ŵ⡭Ҳ½ۣ˵صˣǿǹٷˣа̷ӽӴǴɣձӦòôûе߰ɣ
ɲ˵Ǹ³ռҵĶԹ̫ˣܱСŵУձǰСŸԴձֱǺ͸ǼˣĴձʲô鶼ĳɳ˵
λүڲǼƽЩʱǻһôɣȻȥ˰ԵȥҲǱˮн˼Ǯ¶Ҳɵ֪ǹȥǾԲǰģܹȥӦһǱָصܹȥæˣձѾǴĸֶˣصҲ岻֣ϸ뻹ûʲôİ취ԵñǻҪżҲɷѿˡ
Ǳû֪ͨүүǱߣ¶϶ܲ֡ҵ
֪ͨˣûáүӺھǿʲôҪĻ飬һֱϵϣҲ֪ͨ³صսֳҲʮżȴҲ֪Ϊʲôսƺû̫ãҲձжʲôֽţֳԮ֧ˣڿ˵ǹԮ˵˵¶ŪģڼҲû˯ءε
ˡϸ粻̫ģԼ취ǣµġҵ
һҪСİһҪŻҿ˵κˮʥ̵Ľէ³ҲпܹˣˣȫǺˮʥ̡ѪկоӢеľӢʮѲڻ˲Ų鵽Щ顣ֵ
֪ˣǻ취ġ
ҸкһʱȣҲûٶ˵ֱӹҵ˵绰
˶˽ӵĻ˵ɫȫ
һεҡҡͷ˵СŰҵѹ㣬ձòҪˣºˣϾǹٷˣҪǣеǰ취ֻҪҵ˻ᣬһ¾ܽǸ
ʱˣ˵ЩûõģǸǡе
ߵļ˿ʼҵȴһ飬ҸϰôϢʱȷеĽǼƻʲôط뻪ĵ·ȫǲģձûطӦǣȫҪǵĽࡣ
Һ˷ǳҪһ㣬ձϾֳֵܾþΧҸö˵һ䣬ҰֱҢˣϵսģ㲻ᾪձ壬ս֪ͨص֧Ԯǣ˵ʲôˣӦѾ˵зΧ֮С
Ƭ̣ǧƺСȺܿ춼۷˹СЩŵĸң￪ĵطͻȻһˣ˷طΧܶ࣬Ҳ֪Щ˾Ǵʲôطðġ
ǧƸһϢȵĲࡣ
ֲСȺǧһֱûҵԷǲûڱ߾߸ŷǣǿԽ˱߾ߣľڣΪǷɾ֮ȻٴǽкΧ
ȺǧƼǰǿҲǰǿ˷ķΧ֮ڣԶĵطǱû̫ҪΪľ룬ѾȫʱķӦ
ʧˣԷֶıеҪܶࡣ
ô죬СŸ磬ǶģҪȻƴˣչ
ˮڣȻһѣǶ㲻ȥˣһֻƴɱһѪ·һ˵ˣǾͺһطͻΧܻӳȥǼԺΪֵǱ𡣡ҧ
ֻˡ߰ɣҵ
һ˱㳯ǰ첽ȥҲƴֿ׼ҴʱѾĶ˰ٲϵֶΣ￪⣬ұ˺ܶŲڳ߾£Բ٣ǵĽŲֿ죬֮ǰľˮʥ̵Ķֶ̫һ˵Щ˶ѡγĸ֣ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǲǻŻȥ
ֻǰ˲ʮӵӣӭһƱʮˣסǵȥ·


2138 һ׹
ĳҪҺýǰǴһкһ׼һǾʧ룬ʮ˹֮󣬽˷ֿٵľۼһˣĹһۣ˵Լİ١
ЩһǺˮʥ̵ģʣһѪկĹʦʦһСǽɣЩ£ɮӶࡣ
ǰΧЩˣӦȫ˾ߣûһǹ
Ϊڻĵĵϣǲ̫ĿŵǹǺǹٷˣߣЩҲû̫ãһϽ𲧣֣Ǻް취
Щ˵Уӳıһӣʮ˸ź۵ĺɮ̧ţ໹Ųٺˮʥ̵ĸ֣ͣǼʮԶĵطǽӾͷ
ڽŵıǺˮʥ̵ͷէ³
ֵǣҷȺ֮оȻûԬսթļһĳûг֣ȷ⡣
һֽǸȫߵĽ࣬ռ˵ʱСѵܴɣ
СӲֶ֪ʲôĽŸôһѣ
ôţǰⳡˡ
棬է³ĽһأǼ˱׷׽Լķȫ˳˷ΪǣԴ
֮󣬺ܿкۺɮƿ˽ȻǲΡΡէ³㱻һɮϲһЦĿǣǰ˼ɸɵЦ˼ĵļСǣû뵽ɣּˡ
϶沢⣬֪㲻ưոݣȻһ·׷˻ĵĵԵüΪƽ˵
ʱˣѼӲôңҵĻ˵ϷһʱͲɱˡէ³һϷʵĿ˵
϶˵̫ˣ֪ΪʲộҲԼվǻĵĵؽ磬һߣԶ˵ûУھǽǸΧˣѵͲ벶ȸںڻصѾǸŰΧˣҸү˼Ҳˣǲһնǳˡҹ˵ţΪŻէ³ͬʱҲ׼׻ձ嵽ûиէ³ȡúϵձէ³İʲôէ³̣޿֡
˵֮է³ûʲô̫ı鲨է³ߵĲȴЩֵĴɨһۣ˲;úıΧһ
ͽûȴһ˵ŲǣҲǵвӰʱ̷صͻȻǶҲţ˵ʮġ
Ȼէ³ȴЦһ˵һﲻҪţ˴ŹߺܽΧʮ֮ڵķΧǵ˸ˣǻص˹Ҳȫʱӻȥʱ֮ڣȫʱ佫⼸Ӹɱˡ
һ£է³΢΢һЦֵСӵǻˣһЩСΪϷ򿴲ʲô˼ǸʲôүֵĻΪβһ·صģΪƾ㼸仰ϷЩϷһͣ߹·߹Ŷ࣬ˣЩĻϷʣµģЩӣϾҪˣɻʲôûУ
ôˣúţʲô㣬ΪЩ˾ɱ𣿿һëʺǰһȻ壬Ȳ˵ڹȣǻеһ·
է³۾һУŻеڿһˣһ仰Ҳû˵ֻ΢΢Ļָ̌ΧܵЩ˶ʱ෨졣
ۿžҪˣͻȻһֵͷȱżڶ֮ǰи㣬˵˵˵֪ҲûɶҪˡ
է³ŵֲûз֪ʲô
֪ô֪ǻοԽ߾߻ǲǰ֪ͨǣҵ
է³ͻȻЦ˵áȻ֪ϷףҲһ׹
˵ţէ³ͷһһֵ죬ͻȻ֮С⡱ɳ˼ֻɫôͷϷɹǼֻһ߷ɣһ߻еɵȱɵȱ
Ƭ֮Щߵļ֮ϣص߶۾һƣʱȻ򣬴үġȻЩӸй¶ǵ١


2139 ˽ͷ
ǧ㣬ʧˡ
СܹùӷԲ֮ڻˣǧƲܹˣһܲѪկԭʼɭеĹƶ֮ֿԼǵơ
է³ǿǵЩûѡԭʼж֣ϷɵӸ磬һ·ڼǡ
ӸҲڰʱŷֵģ֪ЩǶԶľء
Ƿ˷ƣǾû뵽ͷϷɵ
û뵽Ǹ붼ûȥ룬ñէ³˿ӣԲһŰΧ³
·̫ˣֳһԡ
ȥȻЩɵȱӸˣҲ̫ˡпЩէ³ߵӸ磬޺޵
Ǽֻ񻹲ʱӦмɵȱ⻹Īķ̣⼸ֻӸ˵ɵȱҲûеǵĶƤӵǶûз֣Ҫˡ
ҼǵõʱǻĹӸ飬ûⷽȥ롣
է³һ̫ˣ˭Ҳ뵽ЩڼǣҲܽ;ķȫɱ⣬ʵ
Ǹ֪ôϷ˰ɣֻǵ٣ǼǱֻģǲǾúܱأէ³ֵĴЦ
߳ŭеϽ𲧶Ȼ֣㳯է³˹ȥ
˭Ҫֽ֪ǺαҪôһȦӣֱӸԷһܲ͵ˣ
һ֣սǳ״ˣܿұ˲𣬴һϻ˶Ըէ³˸Ƕסʣµˡ
˵Уһֱ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳ǰһʦֺܿڵأڣȺ֮б˳ȥվߵС˷ٻ˳һźɫСƮһʱ䣬ǾƽףҲܿٵɱȥ
է³żǶ֣ǵһ˿аȵЦݣЩ̧ӵĺۺɮųӭ˹
սģѾȫȻˣ˿̣ҵоֻʣɱ¾ҪǰЩȫɷڵأһ彫ȥұʩչһУ˫סеĽ꣬է³ķݺݵ˳ȥͬʱдһ绢
ɷ֮˲䱻һɫĽڵϻһĹ֣ϯŵϵĻĲʯӭ泯Щۺɮײȥ
ЩۺɮΪǿĽ֮£ǻǲӲ׷׳һ֪ļһҪסǽУûüӦ㱻ǵɫĽصײϣ˱㻯һƬѪ꣬ɢɽǵɷ֮ȴ޶Ͼɳէ³ȥһۻ֮ư硣
ۿҪײէ³ϵʱէ³ͻȻһ䣬ģȻһɰ֮ȴӭײǼǽУ֮һųڵը죬ǹɾӿԶʮ׿ĳײĲ΢΢һΡ
ʱһͻѾۺɮŷڵأէ³ķɱȥ
ֻ΢΢һ٣է³ȥոն㿪һǽеЩۺɮٴξ£ҷų˸ֹƶͷʱۻңҺܿ˼շ䣬˼޴Ļ򣬳ЩƶͷȥǼȥܿ㽫ЩͷƶһƬ׷׵˵ϡ
ͬʱҴ߶˲ľ֮Ԧľ֮ϿٵɻĲЩۺɮ˫ȸסˡ
Щ˶һ㶣ηӦܿ콣֮һǻʽ±ۺɮϯǼۺɮȻأҽвֹ
ʱҵͻȻһӰûҿΣһƿ죬ؿ˹һһĶۿէ³꪿Ҫؿڵʱֻÿٵڳһֻ֣һץסꪣӱꪴ
ҪǶתǬƣ꪿¾Ҫҵؿ֮УˣҲоԼЩסꪻǲϵĳҵؿڿ
ӿֲǣҸоԼꪵһ飬ʲô˳ҵĳȥ
ãϿ϶˽ͷ
ǧһ֮ʣҴ߶ٰ˲ż㿪է³ֻǽŸվȣøղֻꪵֲҪʧȥ֪ҪΪѾǽͷȫɥˡ


2140 ѪȲ
Ȼٰ˲㿪է³ʱ򣬽Ÿովȣէ³ӰΣܿٴεҵߣеֱӳҺɨէ³ϵĽͷҴ˿һֻѾʧȥֻ֪ÿٵĴ߶⽵ͷȫʴȴҲЩͷؽᣬоѾЩмէ³͵ˡ
Ҳ̫һЩһ֣է³İ㣬˭룬ķ֮Ҳᱻ˽ͷڵʯ֮䣬ֻüоеĽ꣬ҧէ³еꪵ˹ȥ
ʱҵͻȻһӰһðźɫĳͬһʱסէ³ꪡ
㣬Һһͬէ³ꪸ˳ȥһ±ɳȥ߰Զ˵ϡ
֮һͷһŷָղҵһ
է³̫ˣת˲ٴγҵؿ˹
ಡһ죬ǻеϽ𲧴˹է³ţէ³֪ⷨҲҴ⣬еʱı˷͵һѻеϽ𲧸˳ȥ
һ飬Һһ˫˫һԣڶܳȥͬʱҿٵĴ߶˴ƣһֻ˽ͷ˺ü飬ЩֱϵĽͷȫն
ͷ͹֮ʮƣ಻ͬͷȹƶ֮Ҫ̣ڶ࣬ЩרΪĥҲĽͷͷ֮Ϊаٺһƶ֮һܾˣͷľΪ˺ˡɱˣԣǧܽƣȴһܹ˽ͷ
һֶȴһаǱ⣬̩һɮѧĴƣ̺⣬޼᲻ݣݺ֮䣬ǽͷǹƶԿԱն
Ϲһ飬ʱֻ˺ܶ࣬һЩ֪
ҴͷʱһѾǹƥĸէ³ƴ
Ȼһէ³Ķ֣ǧƴӦҲһէ³Ķ֣ȫǱէ³ѹƣκηĻᶼûУէ³ƵһϢǧƿȥҲʮη壬̫
ֻǸէ³еĹ⾰ۿһҪʱ򣬳ϵǣչ֪ʲôʱǶһʶ˶Ըէ³սȦ
ʱİչһ㵭ĽɫâŵĲĻ𾫳һѷŽâеҲһʶ۶ɡ
է³İչʱֳһ˿ŵɫ϶ôܣ
է³ٵĸİչʮеʱէ³ŷӦ˹ԭչûеǰǿչĲֻǶһʶ壬Ľеʶڰչϣէ³жȥ㱻ˡ
չļ룬һ˲ѹһѪ֮סէ³ҲΣķʱпܰ
ֹƬ̣ҵֻ˽ͷѾȫָ̧֪һʱ򣬷ֻ˿˿֣ǺĽͷҿѧһдƣҪȻ϶ˡ
ĳʮֲңȼЩ׵ĹƬƬĵ£Ҫ֪һէ³Ϊ˽أιǵģǶаѡγΪһ֣ȵЩԸһСආȻǲڻ£ҪԸЩ֣ЩΪˣ֧Ų̫ʱ䡣
ʦֵսͱֵΪǿˣðܼȺ֮кֱײһ̹˴ʱսˣ̱㱻ʦϵĻҽд˹Ҳвٵз
ķӣҲ޼ƿʩֻý˳Էƴɵ֮ͭзӡмߵĹһǧһǺŮԹأɵΧҲȫǡ
ȥӵʱ򣬷ֵӾȻСʦòˣʦҲִĲɿǲһ߶Ե֣һЪ˹غҿ㡭㾹ȻɱʦҪѪկ𡭡Եʦô֮Եʦʮ괫ڸΪ𣿡
СʦáǱƵġɱҵĸĸ˳ܲ㲻ҵĿԣʦһȰͲҪѪկˣвԱУҲẦԼ


2141 汳
ͽԼʦţĵطҪȰҸһѣЩϹˣȫ㣬û뵽ѪկĵӾȻֱ壬֮ˣȥɣҪΪʦ𣡡ǲȫǷһ˵ĻЩЪ˹ҲԵʮ־ᣬƴɱʱһֱ߹䡣
ȻǸиģҺܲ˵ӴɱϵʵֳܲˣһȴҪݡ
ϾѪկദô꣬ʦõĹϵȻǺģԬҪɱ˵ӵʱ軹ֹԼУƺһЩüĿԵӵĸ񲢲ʦô򵥣Ӧüһ㺡
ǲΣѾߵ˳˵ĵزеһжزȥˡ
ҺЩʱڽɼͬΪı
ʦǱߵ飬Ҳû̫ĹעֻЩĵӲǲĶ֣ϾӵıƱǧƸɵˣΪ𣬶ݵ˵Ϊ֮ϣֻðͨȣӣڴ˶ҴӦģҪ͵صְ˲Զš
ʵҲãǲƲɱ˵ӣϾôĸ飬֮ȽϾᣬҶùȥ֡
ڵԽԽ⣬һЩ˽ȼĹȫȫŷˣҲʧƾǼˣмܲסֵĽɱٸһϣлէ³ĴڣǼҪ׵ﲻɡ
뵽вЩĶսһθоЩɽˮˣһǹԮܻųȥһûС
˰ˡһҲҪ汳ġ
ţҲô̺ϴˢէ³µĽͷĹֻ־Ѿָһָ֮󣬽űеĽ꣬һ֮һεâתеȻӿ˽֮С
ˮҴһɷ֮˲䱻˷ͬʱ˾޴ĺ֮һʱͬʮըͬʱը죬һҵİ֮ϰ˱һаִ˰գϸ첲ȵԴѪĽޱȲҡ
Щ˵Ϊܲǻһ̫ܼˣʹһеʱʮֵͻȻЩֻɱʲôֻһ˲дƬĵзѪ֮У֮бŨҵѪζ
Ȼ⻹ִ꣬ܿǬ˱éɽ壬һ֮䣬Щɱĵзʬ壬ֻҪ廹ǽȫģ̸ܵéɽ̺֮Ĺ֮֮ͨ䣬߰ʮʬӵ֮ͦ𣬶ȫ˿ֲëʬצͽߵĻ˹ȥ
ЩëʬÿһʵʮǿҪԶԶǿէ³Щ֣ϾëʬѾǵȼܸߵĽʬˣѶԸЩǵļһϻԴ⬣޷죬ǵĹƶͽͷëʬǰȫʧȥƣκö𲻵
߰ʮëʬͬʱ𣬳ʮ׳ۣ֪ʱҵΪ˸߲εҲû뵽ġ
Щëʬһ֣ʱ߽ڽڰ˵ľƸȶסˣв˱ëץסҧ˲ӣֱӽж˿飬Щɮ͹ʦǿ𺳺Ϳ־塣
Щ֮ҵĿٴէ³İչһֶԸĹѾ˼ʮУչȷͦǿģĳڣչֳʵʮǿ˵է³һصչҲܶסʮУϧǺ󾢶㣬ϾǶһʶܵ˾ʱϺܴƣܼ̫ʱ䣬ҿѾڼȵƣһαէ³ĽڽڰˣչϻƵǲ㵭ĽɫâҲӵ
㳡ֱ΢΢ζ˼éɽ壬Զ߰˾ëʬܵéɽǣ֮󣬿ٵĳԾұ߰˾ëֱӳէ³ɱ˹ȥ
Щʬɲէ³ֱֻܺײһëʬһԶһ˻֮󣬴ͳէ³˹ȥ
է³ûëʬһۣꪽһͰչɨȥ֮󣬲һȣһëʬؿڣëʬ֮ȴҲէ³ڵһ߷˳ȥݺݵˤڵء


2142 Ƕס
һ̣ѾʣЩëʬէ³ɱ˹ȥ߻߾ëʬһԶȫ˻է³ҿէ³Ųæеһ˦һը죬Ȼ͵ǰһͣһëʬؿڣëʬǺ«ֱ˳ȥ
һĻҵ޷ͨĽʬҶǹ룬éɽٻëʬǵȼܸߵĽʬˣͭƤǣ᲻ɴݣէ³ǰǲһоЩʬͬͨĻһ㣬е׼ֺݣǶޱȵ꣬Ȼһ´
֪է³ǻΪãеһȻ˵ǿ˲һ亹ƥ򣬲Ǻˮʥ̵ͷ
һէ³ŷľëʬļëʬɳ˹ȥҴʱѾһΣһл㾦է³ϴ˹ȥէ³Ƥûзһ£е΢΢һΣ㽫ǵɫĹ׾ٵĻˣ˳ֽŲãŷ༸ëʬ
һεĴ߶˲ľ֮ԦľõٵĲէ³ĽŲӲƶȥۿЩĲ˳է³ĽһֱѶϣѾէ³ߣƴ˼УÿһȥҶƴȫȴܹܵϴĿֲ֮Žֶ΢΢
һ쳣ѲĶ֣һصĸо
ȴܾէ³ֱһЩʲô֮仹Щġ
Ҹէ³еʱһͰչѾٴɱ˷ֱվλΧէ³ÿ˶ʹΪǿֶէ³һͿʹϼһ࣬˿·硣
СǼ˺ϼһĶ֣ǳ顣
ڸէ³ƴʱұ㳯һһȥףסë
СšǶס𣿡һеǹǽڳէ³һâʱ򣬲޵ǵ˵
ˣסҲϣܱǶĺáҼ
һĿһۣէ³Ϊһ֮׼ˡ
ĴӰζһû˻Ļǳ鷳ҵʱ򣬵һһؿڣֻܿëؿ˳ֻëգۼĹͻûŮһࡣ
ֻҿλϹ̵ʱ򣬷ǵӰΣɫҲЩ԰ףһαˣԪ𣬵һֱûлָԵʡ
ʱλϹ̺ٳûһ˵ǱչУֱ֮ӱˣйҲһˡ
һһߣʣҺͰչէ³ǿİһߣҺͰչʱоɽһѹԼļͷ
á顱һ죬է³һºɨ˰չее֮ϣ˴˳ȥչһƺ߹ڵأƵĵɫâʱʧΣȰչٴʱѾһϸϸѪߡ
Щëûļһ뷭ʲô˻˺ˮʥ̵ˣûһܹŵģǼĵĹҲ⣡
է³Цţеٴγ˹һҧ׼ýеʱ򣬶Ȼ߶һӰһֱ㳯է³ץ˹ȥ
һĸҪļһէ³нͷһǵһתͷȥʱ򣬶ʱͷץסէ³ꪵĸͲˣǻǼùеһ꣬һưŽȣһֺֻıץסէ³еꪣζûлһ¡
ùֻһźʵӰӣΧâ貣ϵһĨЦЦı飬׽͸է³ڿùеʶ֮ϵһֳ˾ŵɫ
еֶθչĻ̫һչһǿʱ壬ԼΪ˲ǽһʶ˳Լսе൱һֳٶ˿ԣչйͬ㣬Ǽֲס̫ʱ䡣
һէ³֪ھ֮࣬է³˫һΣʹһɾꪴǼùʶг˳ź˼أ˼дʣղűڵصëʬʬ˿ٴվ˹
˲䣬Ҿ׹է³ʹõʲôֶˣǰʦһ㣬õʬ


2143 ն
Щëʬէ³ڵ֮󣬾ͱͨʬ壬ʬ߱޷ٴβٿء
Ȼէ³ȴͨһаĽͷЩʬվЩʬȻͭƤǣȴҲݣӡ÷ڣǻһ㲻ͬǱٶȺܿ죬һ߳ҺͰչ߱˹һ߱һ߻ֲĺ
ɲǣ֮еʬ壬ղűˮըķѵʬ壬˿ȫ䶯еһֻȣеһֻ첲еǰӣ˿ȫ䶯ǱһĪǣţĳһٵľۼ
ʱҲŷ֣է³ʬֶҪǰʦҪǿֱ࣬ӱܿڣһ͸ǿ
Щ䶯ŵĲ֫ϱۣܿͱаǣһ𣬻һ壬˴ںһмʮԴϰȺ͸첲ű㳯߶
һŸղ˵İչɱȥ
չؿڣŻ𾫳ײеһĻɵˣ˵ˣһμĳʱҲŵĲᡣ
ڣ֮ǰѾ׼̱㳯ŰչСףǶǶĽͷûΪ֮Чǣ
չŻһ߿˹صĵ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵û𹥣ǰչǿΪеǰѽǻ𾫳רΪ
Ǿ޴峯ҿٹʱ붼û룬ֱӾʹ߶콣ǻʽһֱ籡ԽԽ󣬷һڰ֮лζӴΣʬϯȥ
¡һ죬ʬʱɫĻײһţʬ֮жʱ޴Ļţ֮䱻յһƬ͸
ʬкܿ촫Ъ˹ĲҽǾ޴岢ûͣ˼ɳ߿ٵĹǾ޴峯ҹЩ񱼣ʬʬ塣
æˣͬʱеĽ곯ЩҶʬ˼ɨǧʽеʬ̱ն˺ü飬˵ϣЩڵϵʬٴ䶯ֿٵһСһЩ壬ҹ˹
üһŷ֣է³ʬֶҪǰʦ࣬ЩʬƵʬҲ׺ࡣ
һĻٴαƵˣչǱҲʮ߱ʬƵʬΧ£չھ֮࣬пٵĳǻ𾫳ĳֽ֮䣬ǻ𾫳ʱ˻һ㣬һųɫĻӻ𾫳籡ЩʬƵʬյž죬Ե˵ϡ
չֶεȷʮָǱ𾫳ĳɫסʬ壬ûվƬ̣ճһѶѵĻҽ
է³սթϼһ˼ȫܹף˼ù޺ķԼӦ㶯ʬҪҺͰչסڳԸкǼùеһ꣬ںͻкǼùеһ궷Ĳɿذһ㣬ˣҲܹĳǱǴ·硣
һУէ³ܹоǸùеһ겢ûеôǿ
ҪǼùеһ걻֮ǰǹȥԮ֣ҪȻϻпܻڷ
뵽ٴοһһСҹʬһҧٴδ߶˻죬һɫĻ籡˲ҲСʬյž졣
ǴʬŹʱҲûдǴǬ˱˷ʬߣĬ˼֮󣬳Ǿ޴˹ȥ
ʬߺâ磬һ±ҽǾ޴֮УڿٹǾ޴壬ڷʬ֮ǰףѾܽʱͻȻͣ޴ĻȻһգȻʬͬһ޴պһ˹ĺâ
ǺâԼܹǾ޴һŸ޵ĺɫ˸Ƿʬߣʬտʼʱ򣬻ʬдĲҺʮӵʱ䣬ͣ
һСʬҪߵʱ򣬰չͻȻһΣҵǰеĻ𾫳ֻһն
һâӻ𾫳ЯһŻ棬ֱСʬ棬ȻСʬһʬΧ֣ž졭


2144 
չһļΪƯЩĿ࿴һȥ֮ǻ𾫳֮ǡһųɫĻ棬Ȼڽ֮ת죬ʮѤ׳ǧ
С˧룬Ӹһվȣ£æ粽ǰһѽչסˣеô
û¶СŸ磬ֻһЩˡչ΢Цſһ۵
ղšǶġû¶Щ̫ŵ˵
û¶ʶʱ򣬻弫ʶһ鶼ûУ֮ԼղֻǱէ³һ¡չ͵
ǲһܲԵ̾
չһЦ˵õΪɵеһУնһЩŵͦá
߰ɣֵܲսȥէ³һܣϻŲסˣҪ±ǻǺֵܣҳ
ֵܣһɣչ֣صĵ˵ͷٴ˻𾫳է³ɱȥһͷһһķ򣬴ʱλϹ̵Ļ֮£׵ĴѾе;ͷ֮ϣĺϯأѾгƵ֮ͷʣǷŭޣڳŵһ̣ѸޱȵѹһС
Ըէ³ĸ֣ҲֻһˣֻףܺɱҪƾǼ˵ʵҪɱէ³Ǳȵ컹ѣ޷
է³Щ£һҲ֪ڽףһէ³ЩҲҪ꣬ԣһ׵ʱືηļһﲻһеĳһǱ߳ɱҪֹһףλϹ̻ԵЩ
ֻٴνéɽ˳ζ˼£ԼŬЩλϹɱЩ˱ʮëʬһңԴλϹ̵ѹ
Щëʬͦ𣬳ЩɱȥʱλϹͬʱ߿˹֮Щм֮ɫҲ˵ͷȻֱէ³ɱȥ
ҺͰչЩʬ֮󣬻ǼùеʶҲൽǿ֮ĩֻʣһ㵭ӰеϽصƮէ³ǸƤƵڰ֮дȥоϽ𲧶챻ꪴˣǽħƣǼùеʶ͵ĳէ³ɱʱչŻ𾫳еϻֵסһ͵Ľ
ҲӮȥһͬסէ³ꪡ
˸է³ֹ˼֮󣬵ϻɫһ죬ĶЩˣŲ˼£ղǼùеʶͻȻ΢΢һΣһ׹⣬˻еؿ֮С
ҡҲˡ̫ͣټְҾҪѪˡҵЪЪҪȻˡоҵĴϢţԲֹоζҪ˳ҲѾȫˮ͸Ǵˮ̳һ
ƾһ֮Ȼܹסէ³һ˲ཫУûбէ³Ūϻǽ߾ȫˡ
ʣµľͿҺͰչˡ
ϹͷǼÿһȫռУȻ˭סϼһʹóսͦȻ
ٳ޷£һ˶ûбŷڵأէ³ЩͲסˣŭһСɷϷ򣬿Ϸ򲻸Ƕõֶǲˣ
˵䣬է³еһȻθҺͰչͬʱУҲסϵͬʱײ˳ȥ
߻һЩΪжתǬưתǰչȴЩԲסڸҵɳȥͬʱһõѪڴӰչĿ˳еĻ𾫳ϣһźɫڣʱתܿȥ
ҿ˰չȴСӵĺݾˣһҧȻλƵͦŻ𾫳վһҪէ³ɱȥ
һٰ˲˰չǰסȥ·ˡҲϻһЪЪסէ³
СҽҪŪչЩ˵
ʵ⣬˵ŪŪģסչʱ򣬷է³ֶ֪ʲôаͻȻһѪɫħ˵ְθ˺ֻܶ࣬һۣұٴξľս
ˣƥǸˣų˴Ըǡ
ʱǲģһûн֮ǰ


2145 ֪
סչʱ򣬰չҲէ³ϵı仯ƲȻһѪɫħ
ûпһħҿҪħ״̬ЩƣҿҪħʱƵֻһɢĺɫɷԩ۵Թ
է³ϻƵһɺɫħҿ͸Ҳ֪õʲôֶΣܹ֮оէ³õֶΣҪǺɫɷҪࡣ
ԭҪէ³ƴİչڿͻȻģʱҲһʱ㲻ǰһǸ˾ܿէ³֮ǰȫһˣ͵Ҳǿ׳˺ܶ࣬ǻһһ㡣
է³Ʋʱһѽչ󣬽һָ׻üģȡһξѪȻٵ˼ٵĴ߶˵зӡԹǳʱоһɰ˲ȫ
Ҳһźɫɷ֮ɱڡ
չϻһҪסһ׽ʱ䣬סէ³
СŸ硭ʲôչ˴ʱңЩܵˡ
ˣ˵䣬һΣͭǮһּ䣬ͭǮʱ˱ͭǮ󣬡һɢһããĹէ³ķȥ
ڱͭǮէ³ʱȻ˽꣬ӴĽһͬɱէ³ۿͭǮҪէ³ϵʱէ³һеһͭǮɨһɿƽض𣬞ų֮䣬ͭǮͻȻһ٣ȻֳҴ˹֮࣬ҿٵһ˱ͭǮЩȻʧΣһ죬ҵС
ͭǮһһľӭһ˲䣬Ҵ߶˾Ѫȼ˵зӡԵʣӦҲʱǧһ֮ʣԴ΢΢һƫȥէ³ꪡ
һ̣ұէ³ӲӲĶƴ˼У⼸УԸоէ³Ϊֻ̫࣬״̬ҲЩмܣֻҧţھֻܼϣһܹ㽫׽ƥ
һֹʮ֮է³ʽԽԽͣ籩һĳҴеꪳߣȫסܲ͸磬ҴϢÿһÿһԵߣŵĻֵ꣬ǲɫɷѾȻ޴棬ֹʮ֮󣬵է³еꪳҺɨ˹ýһӣ㱻ĵ˳ȥ
է³һе֣һֳ̱ҵǰһ̽Ŀ˹
һ̫ˣҵҡڲۿꪾҪҵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һбﳯէ³է³΢һƫȻҾ;Լĸ첲һסһͬŵ
է³һ㶣ѪɫħƮߵ˵һ֪ģǺˣϷɱ֮
죡һ˵
һͷһڵĴ󹩷죬ϿһȰĴ󵶣˿ȥһӣֱһһƵģò䡣
֮ǰӸҴ绰˵ǹԮɳ˿һֹ֧ԮǣǽҲû̫ĵ˵ֻǴ˹ƣܰͰܰҲðհϾ˼Ǯ¶
ţǴȫƣէ³ֳһֺɨһе̬ƣЩ˶챻ˣҸûжڵ˱κλ룬û뵽첻ˣһƴȣвЩж
ڵĽǹģǰӿܻǣԩˡ
ҲʱҲû˵
һͷȥʱ򣬵һͻȻ˰ʮˣȫڵһէ³ɱɷʮˡ
ϸ硭лȡҿ˵
ֻǻͷһۣ˵ؿڸǮҾ¶쾭壬ߣҲƵ㣬ȷӣˣĻϧĳ֡
ϸ溺ӣԺĴˡϵ˵
ʲôˣҺˮʥԵˣֻһ³Ǿ
է³˵ţеһΣһεĳɱ


2146 
ļ룬ҵĵ׳˼֣һ˻αէ³Щ֣һٴγȥʱ򣬿ѾһĴ֮ǰȥ
ϸ粻ԴǣȴҲǸƢֵ¼££һ÷ƵĴ󵶻ѵķ˻֮ͬХէ³ּֿȫէ³˿
ѦСߵĻϣһ˹飬ұ׻ϺԬΧˣҲָҽΧȥ׷ɱ׻ϵʱԸԬˣ˵컹Ԭİ㣬Щˣһһֱڻ飬񿴵ģ˵Ҳ̫ء
һ缲磬ѸףȴҲէ³˳ȥէ³̽һꪣƵĺɫһݣ֪է³ǺεȿֲĴˡ
է³ɨһ죬˵ͷ˵ĻǲԻ֮أ⵶ʹʮڻҲһɣ
ҵĳڻǲĽɫﺣȥˡ쵹ͦǫ飬ſڱ
һΪҲֻϧûӣ֪Ķէ³ŭһꪱٴγɱ˹ȥͬʱҲ˽֣꣬ٴθէ³˾
ֻϧէ³Ϊ̫ˣǺɫħ֮󣬱֮ղŲ֪ǿ˶٣˸ֹʮУէ³ͻȻһѲƬƵĶ˶һ
ⶫ϶ĳǲ֪ĽͷΨпٵĶէ³ǳ׼ʱֱӱȥٶ̫ˣֱ̽Ŀڣô󵶵סұ߾Ԯʱէ³ͻȻַһţСһƺ߱˳ȥ
է³һе֣ģűٴߣһ̣ŵĺëһٰ˲ߣһ
է³дæżһһԹȦ
ֻǱһŵɫ죬ȻһЩˡ
ҪٴζʱͻȻͷϴһ޴ĺ֮ŵһ̧ͷʱһצ绮ҹգȻһеǹǽ֮ϡ
׵ɹˡ
磬˺󣡡һ߳է³һ߳
ǰն㶵Ŀң֪ʲô˼
֪ܿˡ
ԼΪѸ͵ٶȳէ³ҽסʱ򣬺ֳܿһķһף
СŸ硭
Сš
˷׷׳߿˹һ˼ģĻ𾪵ɫ
˫ץסǹǽһҲɵ㶵Ŀߡ
˿̣סǹǽڷȫڶһǹǽϵȲҪһס׵ѹ
ҽ׳һǾҺէ³ͬھ³
ô׽Ҹأ
֪һĹǣҲֵ֪ܵĹǣҲûа취һ˹ҵܱ˶ҵĺãէ³˭Ҳ뿪
һ㻹ʲôϽƲ㣡һܱȶ˵ĺãҳһЪ˹غ
Һ仰ͬʱ̽ԦľͲľ֮߶˼¡
ϵĻĲԼٶ˲һƬҺէ³ͬʱмλãд׳ľ㵹߷ܲ͸硣
һӲէ³ͬҲ޷Կ籩һĽнס
է³۾ңȻûжľ֣Щŵ˵ˡķˡ
ǰСүǷˣŪǣǾһᣡҿЦţһէ³ΪҵĹ
է³һ߸ƴɱһ˼ȫֵѪɫħͻȻͷķ£γһٵġd֣ͷֹ֮תҷһЦ

ԶһʹĴ󺰣ڰͲסͷ֮һΪĿ׹ԼٶȳҺէ³ߺݺݵ
׽òⲢһԿƵģէ³òҪȻȫ޷뿪أһܹԣһף볯Һէ³


2147 
Ѿ˸է³ͬھĴ㣬ȻоֵܲҲòô
ϼһ˵ҲҪһˣһôᣬûȢϱҪ϶ȷֵܲұôΪЩͬʹֵ࣬ǡ
ҲҴЩ˶ܻ
ҲȫĸĸҾһ֮ǰһԼΪ֮ǰ̩ʱ̩һĺѧһзڵơ
ƿ⣬ڸ˹еʱ򣬿Խ̺䵽ԷڣӶöԷʴ˽ҲƾճֵģҪƣ꽻ӵʱͨϵһЩ֮䣬ܹշ磬ش֡
ֻռֻһЩϸСâǺܴҲ֪ƿĻ򣬲ҽȫɣһʧռˣٽԼˣǾͲˡ
ԣһһ׳ʱ̾ʹ߶˴ƣսеĽָ꣬գǸоһСŵı롣
ҵĿĺԣҪͨƵһϵתƵһ׾ͲϣǱôƸˡ
ΣգΪһ״ֲ̫ˣ֮ŪתƲˣ󲿷⻹ҵϣһһ
ûѡֻһ
¡¡ջǹҾ͸оǰһĿİ׹һƱһٷɳ۵Ϳײһ㣬ʶ˶ݵģֵģӺǱһ׸˳ȥ
֮Ҿʲô֪ˣҲ֪״̬˶೤ʱ䣬۾ʱ򣬷ԼһƬð̵ķ֮Уܻл˸
еĽ껹ڣϸС磬ҵҲž죬ҲкܶҴܣ飬ðŰ̡
Ψһ֪ĵطǴ߶˴Ƶֻ֣Ĵһů⣬ůֱﵤ໥ģٴλָһЩ֪
һȻӣȻͿ˲Զէ³
ϼһһ㣬Ҳղһǵ׸صĺһӣҴԼʮԶ
ҿʱл𾪣Ѿģϰôţ
תһ룬ҾͲôԾˣұΪԶҶһţΪʲôܻ
ΨһͬǣվţţϼҲҺò̫֮࣬ǰһѪɫħȻʧҲðỤ̋ϸСĵϹ
ǵ׼֮ǰƥѪɫħԼͷһڵġd֣ͷ֮ϣ϶Ǹһףûн϶
ˣҲܹо˿ˣϾǺƺʲô˶ܳܵסġ
է³ʮף߿˹絶ͬʱһЩССĳԾҲûнҸǸɡ
һ̣է³ٴꪣҧгݵСһҪŪ㣡
˵ţէ³ٴ߶ֻһͷ֮Ͻűһ޴ĺһĵڶѾ˳ۿžҪٴ
է³̧ͷһ̾Ͷס˽Ųһ̣ͻȻٴγԹɨһۣȻһΣԾЩĲľ֮ϣ㳯ԶӶݶȥ
ǰŸȥŵڶ׾ͺȻ£է³ովǸطмɣ䣬׺ĴɽĶܶ඼ҵϣҵֱ
ұ֮ǰǵ׸ĻֵģЩѣ˫ȣڷ
ôȥʱͷͻȻ˴Сš
һͷһֻкͰչ֪ʲôʱԦľΧסһդ֮Уդ׸ߣȫཻ֯һġ
һһţһڵϣһ͸˵ᱼ
һ̣˷׷״ϻһѽҴӵ˻Уʹҵĺ󱳣˵ѽ㻹š̫ˡΪѾı׸ء
ۡûҲ㴷ˡҵ˵
Žַ˵ϣϻƵļۿͨ죬չҲˣ԰׵ȫǺˮ˵ššžͺáΪ㱻ʬ嶼Ҳˡ


2148 
廹ĲУкͰչҲǸոոէ³һսʮأҿȻ˵է³Ҳûб׸ղųǱˣǿȥһһǲùңҸоԼû¶ﻺͺãӦһָܻ
СŸ硭ûɶ¶չЩĵ˵
û¶СȹտһԼһҪտһٴζ
˵䣬һ׺䣬˲Զĵط׹󣬻ڣżôȼˣҺ̧֮ͷȥʱ򣬻ܿܶ첲Ĵɡ
һ׿϶է³է³Щˡ
ǺðɡСһЩкͰչһۣȻٴηЩƬ֮СȱƮ˹ҵߣ˿ЩηңֻԶԶվţҿ̫
СŸ硭˵ĺСȿҵǹУоҪһ
СŸ˵ĲأֻǿȥЩңϢһͺˡҿοȣ˳㿴һԼǹҵģϵ·鲼ƬоǸؤƤһƬڣúҤһ㣬Ϊֹϻе̵Ĺȴû̫ʹС
пµ⣬Ȳҿ㡭»ᱻˡȸоϵǿ󰡡СЩֵ˵
ôһһףȫ֮У֮ǲˡ
ڱѾǲеˣҿ׺ʱǺҺէ³ˣէ³Ҳжȥһֵ⣬ǵȫһϵĻѾҵˡ
ò˵Լǣؼʱ뵽˴ƣҪȻҿ϶ǻˡ
һָͬʱмɮͻȻ֮է³֮£ҲģСҲηǡ
Щɮֳ֮˷ζִͳɱ
Сһܿ쵲ǵǰſ˫֣ŭ˵Ҳ˺СŸ磬һɱǵġ
ǼɮһЦΪ⣬һѿͳȿ˹
ˣ˲㻯һźɫɷ͵ľſĺɮؿڣǺɮûüӦһ͵˵ϣ۾ϴѪ˲ɥ
ɱǸɮ֮Ⱥܿ컯һɺɷǺɮ֮Ʈ˳ٴεҵǰһǳɣˬ졣
ЦأȿһеļƷΪǲèһ֣ܹҪ
༸ɮһСͣȫһ׷
Ǽɮ˴˿һۣȻ˼ܿԷų˼Ǵ˵еĽͷЩһǰܹܶĥģԹأǴ˿̶֮ǰĿֲģһϲ˵ƬһϱȥϰٿŶӣ϶УÿһʮֺеļƷ
Ĺ£һ𣬳˹
ʱСȣͻȻһĹХʱ𣬺ǹХ֮ҼƤһȥСȵʱ򣬷ɫ࣬Ѫȫǰɫʣòֲ
һ̣СȽǹչ©ɣЩԭ㳯˹Ĺʱŵķ˹УһڵأɪɪȫƸסˡ
ţСһ֣Щٴתǵȥ
Щﱻ壬ȵ֮£ʼǵ˷˽Щɮ󾪣׷׾˷ֵʱٴλɺɷЩɮ֮ĴߣӵĹЩɮһĵ˵ϣѪ
ǽЩɮɵˣֻһʬֻתĻᶼûи¡
ˣǰӲȴû顣
ݵЪϢҵѾĻָ֪ҲܹܵԼ
£һӵվŴ߶ԦľȥܵĲľбĴ
һ߶ЩĻĲĿʼŵ˻ȥбĴҲֱܿͻָԭò
ҳĴȥʱ򣬷һƬսʬ˵ĵ˵ϣһٶˣ˿ҲԷնɱ˲١


2149 ô
һĻвЩ꣬Ƿڵ̫ˣôֹң˲٣ǰҷѿ϶ҲٲˣЩǮҪȻѰ
ʱҲŷ֣ղһҵǵ׶Ҳû̫ˣһʼΪԼ˵ͦأû֪ʮѿһƬڣڸоһжͦģΪҲڻָҴĴһůֱﵤָоҸеһ˿⡣
ҵŽ꣬һǱ߿ȥעҲûмµϣҲ֪һһˣһ׵ļǾŵףôʱ䣬ҸоӦòˡ
һķҺһƬҶһܿ췢է³Ӱǰꪣ˿һķɱȥ·ڵЩˣûܹһ֮У׷ױꪸ˳ȥ
ֱ˿ͻǿˣβűס
ʱһױ㲻ڳէ³Ǳ߻ȥˣһ£է³ߵЩͬҲҪһᡣ
է³ĺܣ֪Ĵǰ취ΨгɱȥһɱˣһײŻֹһʱ򣬱Ȼߵĸֹȥһ϶ţֻܽ׽ĵط
һ龰ҾЩˣʱէ³ѾǴˣܲĳһķͦߵ˶ѾƣߣЩмܡ
Уһùȥæ
뵽кһȵߣһȥ
Ӧһҵ󣬳է³ķȥ
ȵǱߣҿ졢ǿչͻ˲סէ³컹֮ܽ⣬˶˼С
է³սǱ֮󣬼һͦСȿٸϵ
ҳսȦ֮Уܿ˴һע⣬ĸгԾĿһۣСӣ׸ˣ㾹Ȼû
է³ûôҳ¶һڴҲûʱͣһ㾦ͳէ³ĺĴ˹ȥէ³΢΢һ߶㿪ˣһ̱һߣֱӽ׳һ˹ȥ
ұʹٰ˲ȥΪûȫָٰ˲ٶģûбէ³ߣꪱһ
һڽ׵ʱỷһ㻤ϣꪲûһϣǻ֮ϣǻ΢΢һĶ֮䣬ܿ㷢һѵ졣
һ̣һ΢΢һΣ˼ȻһѪǹǽϵʱΪΣڵĲ֮ϣƿٵȥż׵ʣֹܿͻָƽ
ˣױǿֹһӷ֮ࡣ
Ȼʱʮֻȴٶȴľˡ
է³һһһꪱٴλصУҪٴǰһҴʱѾٰ˲һߣὣסһ
һһңʱҲǴһССŸ硭㻹š
Ȼš
û˵꣬է³ꪱѾҵߣҺὣһʱһɴƷ˳ȥ
Ҫɱǣһէ³Щ˵ţ˲Ϣ֮ҵߡ
ٴγʱҸ㿪һƿը죬һҵͷƤ˹ȥֱէ³է³һ̾ޱȣæꪳǷд˹ȥ
һէ³Ȼĺͣ
һ̣ΪҸүͻȻˣǿ֮Ҿ֪ˣΪǰѽͲҸүģһҴûмķɽ
ȥǱõǰѷɽҪķɽ
Ƿɽɳȥէ³ܿ۷˻ȥͬҵͷƤɹŵһҶ
·ֹˣǺɡ
ĸģҹէ³ŭȵ
ңէ³þòˡһ˹
ҾĿէ³һۣȻһѽϵһȻתͷȥһпϲһȺɽװصˡ
׵һλŻɫɽװߣɽװЩͷˣѾϴķף˿Щ΢֣Թ϶ϻмͷʮҲжˣǺ棬ʮ㣬һĪϡ


2150 ڵһ
л𵶵ĳ˹ʱѾ
һվͬһ㣬Ԩsţ̬ϣһֶ˵ϵҲѹЩ͸
ָоֻдҸүϲܸܵ
ҸҸү̫ϤˣվǰʱҲ̫ܵѹǰȴȫһ
ɽװĻкöˣƺƵˣлвǹؾڳ˶Χˡ
ˮʥ̵Щһ㳡ȫͣеĶ׷׳߿£
ȥôһôˣӲ˵ǹԮôôصĻˣˣһôˣ˲ת˹Щȫѹէ³Щˡ
磡է³һǸЩлɽװߣЩԾסѿڶ
˭ôû˵
һͷһɽװߣ֮ǰ϶ûм
ʱҵļλֵҲ߾£˹Ķʦ֣ҲſҵߣĶŶէ³Щˡ
ͷһͺɽװߣɫһһ仰Ҳû˵
է³ǻĵĵؽ磬ջĵ̷Ĺٷ֮ˣһ̤뻪ĵأᱻΪˣǿԵɱģⲻǻĵɷǹʹԼһӦװɣǸɽװ߳˵
ŲʲôʹƨԼ⼸δɵĻëСɱҺˮʥ̵ߺ͵³ֻ·һɸɱۣҪΪʲôνĻĴڵһ֣ὫֻǻĹٷһѣ汾Ь䣡է³ӵ˵
Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ΪǺˮʥ̵Ľȴ̩ҵݣ⣬磬ǱΪ飬˼˵ˣէ³ʶĸϽȥɱҶѪҵ֡
ƾ㣿ɱ𣿡է³Щмߵ
˼Ҫඣ統ʲõ
Ծԣ㲻ɣ˵䣬է³еһ죬һһ㳯̽˹ȥ
һ֣ǰѷɽУ˼ǰһ˲ײһķɽէ³ײһʱ򣬷һ޴ܿٵӿ쳣̶Ŀڷƣ߼ǹؾսʿȻܲųʱĳǱѪű㵹˵ϣȻ˼صˣֱӽЩ˸̧˳ȥ
ȥէ³ˣŵµĵ澹Ȼѿ˼ӣ˵˫Ÿ˵Ϻü֡
˾Ǿֹסһ㣬վԭһǽֵ״̬һէ³Ҹүֵĸо࣬ԾƶԲ򶯣жоѣһ籩һ㡣
㾲ֹ˺üӣպסˡ
ȻǶûжΧȴֽţŵ۾ֱĶǣԼҲҶЩС´ÿһͶ
ʯһ㴣˾Ȼͬʱͬ籩꣬ۻңݺ֮䣬ųӿʱ򷢳ѵ죬ŵ˷׷׺ˣǱŽԼһѪ
ֹƬ̣˿ѾӰӣںһȻϷɳʯԶĴǧصľʯȻ죬ɷĩһľ֮˷ս߿һӶһأȫ۾ĿţѧһаʽԺڽҲ
һǱȥʱһԵͻȻһҵļС˵ϵܣղϵһףΪҲˣôģף¼ܿס˿ɲ࣬಻
תͷ죬΢΢һЦ˵ʵ֮ǰ̩һʦѧһֶΣƣԻģղǵ״󲿷ֶôƸˣߣ׵ֲ֪һէ³أҪȻ͹ҵˡ
ֲŪô̭ûҡҲЦһ£ֵص˹飬ûʲô¶ˣһǾͿԸظңҸˡ
һ˵¶ұһ飬ָŸէ³ƴɽװߵ磬ʶǸصôʲô·
үӻصĴأѵûиЩŵʵ


2151 
磬治֪ȻҼүǻֵĴ쵼Ҹүүһ棬˵顣ε
˵ͷ˵˽磬ųǴڵһ֣Ҳ˵ڵص鵱УΪߣܼ˺صѾ˺öˣкϣһˣҲ֪˭ɽǺôӣٷ˵УүΪȷܸߣ϶硣
ȥôͷܱҼүӶ߰Ҿ
ֹ˵绹ϯ˼ҵڣǼʶˣҲֻ˵ǵһμѰܼһҲûа۾ֱĿֵķ۾ﾫâ䣬ڵķǳ֮ɫ
˵ͷ֮Ҳ𾪲ѣΪңܹ棬ǸˣʲôܹĴأ
ʱǿߵҵһ£еСŸ硭㱻ˣû¶ɣ
ϣô⻰ЩŤأЦ˵û¶û¶ⲻö˶˵ô
û¶ͺãղŵˣǵȥʱһܼܲؼͷ㻹ܻŻ̫ˡСŸ磬㾿ôģǿһʵ
СԽԽ˵ˣʲôͷǰͲұ׸ǰɣ
ӣһܻŻ̫ڼˣ˵ŻЩ״ΣҲ࣬ĵĸ˵һΪʲôûбһǵԭߵļ֮󣬶ǻȻ
˵Ĺ򣬲ԶĲײ춸Ȼһ٣Ȼߴһƺߣһͷȥʱ򣬾Ϳէ³Ѿ˵ϣµģûпΪֻŸ缸˵ˡ
һعͷȥʱѾǰѷɽէ³Ŀѣ˵է³㻹ʲô˵ġ
ʥէ³Щ˶ʱˣ׷׳߳˹
ֻǻЩ˱ߣźüӵǽ´˹ȥ
šաһӵ죬ĳէ³Щ¶ʱֹǰŲһ֡
ҪҶҪȻһ뿪صȺ֮ͻȻ˴һЩ죬һʱ벻˭ˡ
ˮʥ̵ϲǹģǴ󲿷߲ãէ³ɱǣûһǹΪǴѡĸ֡
ûдǹǳԿˣصЩؾԱǹֻ֣Ҫ˸Դ
ӵէ³Щ¹һҶˡ
֣ôɱңڵϵէ³η˵
㵱ΪҲңֳ
ҾͶһԣұ֤ҵĽʮ˻Ĳð̩ҲĲǣƣէ³в
ЦһеĽһһէ³ļ򴦣۵է³ƺһʱѪ˳
ԶҲķһûдҪ
է³ΪϷ㣿Ϲͷˣ֪ܻ꣬ɱ㣬еϷһ˳еǣҲҶһѣһ᲻ɱ㣿
һʣէ³ͻȻû˵Ȼ罣һһѪܱŽȻֱӽէ³˳ȥ
Ժ󲻵̤뻪ĵͽһ´μ㣬ؽͷ£Ƶ˵
է³ؿڵĽˣΡΡĴӵվæˣէ³סˡ
硭лĵǼӣǸˣէ³гһգؽʬΣѪ𣡡է³޺޵˵һת˳α߾ķȥ
ëģ㲻ǣһ죬Ҳȥ˵ġҳէ³ķһ
է³ͷĿɨһۣ㿴ӣǵһҺ󱳷ת뿪
ʱֵܼ϶Щвʣէ³Ѿſ˵ϣΪʲôһɱԾ󻼣
¶ûһ˽ᣬէ³Ժ϶ǲˡ
ʵҲ֪է³ԭԭֻһǾݣ̩ҵĳԱһէ³˻ĵĵϣȻ̩ҵĳԱʾף첻ҪˣΪҸү˵¶
￴鶼Ƚȫ棬ЩѪ꣬ͷһȣȸ˵


2152 ܳ
է³һ£糱ˮһ˻ȥڴ˵һپʬ壬ν͵ʴףʲôûţǴڵһֹؿһľ뿪ˡ
է³֮ǰһ㣬Ҳһǵ׸һ¡
ҵ廹ûȫָէ³һҲܺ𣬿϶Щ˵ģ֮ǰһȺ˳սľ޴֮Ǵڵһֹէ³ű֣ô˵է³ԿǴڵһϣǿ϶Щϵէ³ȫʢʱڸƴ˭˭Ӯɲ˵
󲻹զ˵Ǵէ³ˣ˼
է³һȺԶȥŵ˵ϡ
ʱͻȻһ飬˭֪ͨص˹Ԯǡ
֮ǰӿǸ˵Ͼֵձ彫֧Ԯǵ˶˱ĵطսˣҲձתƵ˱𴦣ձ빫˽𣬽һȺأХ챨ѩޡ
Ǽ˶صܹ֧ԮǣѾκεĻ룬˼Ҳˣһ˴ڵһ֣⾿ôһ¶أ
ʱǴڵһѾ˷ɽ˹ߵߵʱֵĿⲻͣƬ̣΢΢һЦ
æһ֣˵ʬҺλǰлղž֮
Ц˵ͨܶ˵Сӣ˲ٴ飬үүСҲǽŻӣǰ;
û뵽ڵһ֣߸ϵҲһСɫͷЩ֮ܳС
ֻÿֵǰˣֻڽϹ죬ʲôǰ;
СҪǰ;򵥣صĴʱΪ㳨Ҫʲôλãһ仰ϷǣϷô˵ҲصԪϣЩ˲᲻ӵģСӾ΢Цŵ
һֽҸ˹ֻ˵仰ȥص飬Ҹ߹ٺ»Ҳǹֱӵġ
ֻǸղ˼ҸովҵҲֱһڻؾֻ΢Ц˵ǰ¶ǿǣ޾ѾϰˣһʱЩӦˡ
úúáϷҲôһ˵ԼǱǣСҲǸ˲ţ׻˵ĺãѧգңǴõĳ·˵ǲǣֵ
Ҳֻͣ˵ǣү˵Ķԡ
ʱϸۣͻȻֵСôڲģоƵģô¶
¶ôӺ
ǰ˵ûղžǱһ׸ˣ⽹ۣڻŵζءһۣЦ˵
һ㶣ԵЩԾ˵⡭ˣܻţǹġ
Сšּˡ
һϤһ£æͷȥ濴һˣ˵߻һˡ
һЦʱǰ˼һ֣˵¾ֳþòû뵽㡣
Ȼֿ¾ֳߵһˣʱףɽص鱻ʱ򣬱׾һصֵܾˣ鳤һְҸкü궼ûмˡ
˵ǰˣǸɽص鳤ףҪҵĶʦ֣ݺһҪҵ׳Ż顣
¾¾ֳȥڻɽʱΧɽɽŴ˷һ˴˽ȥ˸үүĹϵܺãΪֵ𾴵˼ҡ
һǣұ߹ȥĺֻҸû뵽ǣλ˵ĺ棬һ˸кһҶһȻս塣
硭ôҲˣҼ
û취˵㱻ˮʥ̵˸ˣϵֳֻҵ¾ֳ飬¾ֳǰɽҪȻôӡսҽ͵
ǰӸ˵սϵүүΪүүھһʮҪĻ飬ϵүүϵ¾ֳҲһģΪүү¾ֳһ쵼үүƹܵǻ֣¾¾ֳ֣ǲ飬ձ͹ܲôˡ
սǣؼʱ뵽һ
һжձڱĹҪȻǼҲҵģ
˿Ǻ͸ձ壬վǰҪӡ


2153 ʼ
˿̣Ҳȫ顣
һʼô֪ͨҸףҸ֪ͨéɽƽˣתص飬֪˲֪Ҹձ֮Ĺڣֱ֪ͨصܾ֣Ÿһӡ
ձ岻ǲңҪأսŪԮ֧ˡ
ò˵սǺֵܣؼʱ뵽ֵľֳ¾֪ͨ¾֮¾֪̬ԣæصܾϼղŻ˴£ҪȻ¶鷳ˡ
ʺձʮ˴ʱ򣬵صȺмͻȻ˼ˣһձ壬һձ壬ҵ۾һ˲
ձ߻Сף༸¡
ձһ͸ҹϵôҪƵģһ߽ӵɫѽѽͬ־ǲ˼ĳӵֵܾ֪ͨ˵Ҫϱ߾Ӧǣһط̫ˣûйͨãĳȥ˱𴦣ӵ¾ֳ֪ͨһ·˹û뵽һǱǸһö˶˵ģĳͷˡ
ձһʼģҿʵθͳ˽Щʱϲŭɫ±ٺһЦߵձߣЦ˵վֳ⻰ˣϻҲдʱߴ·ҲôҪҾͲˡ
˵䣬ͻȻ֣ԼٶȻһƳձϺݺݵĳ˹ȥ
һƴǽһݡ
ážһö죬ձֱӱȵ˼Ӷʱϸߣˣƺձĺ˳
ձԲ뵽һᵱô˵ΪûǸӣˣҾҪݺݵĳ
һƴȥ֮󣬱Χͬʱһ֮˲ͣĵ
ձʱһƸˣҿʲô
Ͼصϴ󣬾Ȼһĺ˸ص˵棬ݺݳһӡ
Ҫˣ
ձϸߵӣ֮иֳ޾ɱ⡣
㾹ȻŹҹְԱ˰ץˣձŭ˵
һ䣬ձŵǼʮ˶ʱҸΧˡ
ʱ򣬻СһչǿҲ׷׳˹ͬʱ䣬ǶʦҲǴ˹ֱŵձЩ˷׷׾ÿһһͻߡ
ôһԣСүŪչһ˻𾫳ڣ䡱һŵЩ˺˼
ҲʾһǽǧƸ˳ܷȥǸɱһ֪ʮĹƶСһڣɡ
һʵףЩصҲ֪ǵ׺֮ڸոգǻס˺ˮʥէ³˵ΧձֵЩˣͲģﻹ˸ǰ
ձͨ죬ҲĺҪðݺݵ˵˷ˡôĵӣʲô˶Ҵ֪ڸʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô㣬ôû𣿴㶼ģҽûŪѾܸˣյģѾˣԺٸҶˣʲôĻʹӣҾŪ㣬Ѿû´ˣָձıӴ
̫ˣ˰ץˣŸʲôʱվձߵ׺ٻкЩص˶Ҷ֡
ձЩ´۵СۣȻ˷Щ˻עĿ֮£û˸Ҷ
춯ְվֳͽˣǾĿ𣿡ֵ
ʱҵĿ׵ϣ۾һУҧгݵ˵ģǰҺ˵һδһΣǲǲԣ
˵ŵĻһһΣϾձ
ҿɲëһΣһٰ˲ձߣֱ㳯ץȥձŭӲ˵ô˵ֿʼСӣﻹ̵ס
̫ҷˣձһƾͳ˹
ЦһҲһƳձ˹ȥƴһƣձΪȻõƼӴƣǴƣոһһףֱ޵ˣһƶԺ䣬һžı죬ձҺһűһķ˳ȥڵ֮ϻð̣ϵ


2154 Ҹ˽
ձ嵹˵ϣҵģΧ˶һӶԲˣҲŵĲᣬȥһô
Ὣձ˰ɣ
һıһƸˣҵ϶Ѳãô˵ձҲϾֳֵܾλȨأɱһˣ϶ʮء
Ƭ̣۾һ˲˲Ķձ忴ȥһ̹ϸСĵφ죬ձӻһƵĶһͷĴͷеĸֱòǱ
ģڵҲòȥ
Ƭ̣ձſ˼ܿ˴æ߹ȥձӵϲеʵվֳվֳû¶ɣ
ձյĻ˵ֻǶɸһ㣬϶ˡ
ղҶԸձʱҲЩִ磬ƺƶûȫӳҪƣ̫ˣձܲסҲ
֪УƵֶָ࣬Ǹղɵ̫ˣŻ
ֻǿһձ壬ұһץס׵Ĳӣ˵ҿֱ׿ڱѪģһѽ˳ȥ
һձѾӳ˹صĴϢţ۾ֱĶңޱȵ˵ڳصԱˣϵֳܾǣ⼸Ŀ޷ͣŹҹְԱĿͽ£
ЩЩص˲òˣ֮ǰҸձ˽µȼ˲һľ磬Щص˲Ҳֱӳ߾
⼸ʲôûмȺˣ׷˷ϾֵЩ˸һܵʱͻȻ䣬ǴڵһԶԶĳߺȵ£
صܾԪϼ֮ĻĴڵһ֣ȻѾ꣬ɻڣص˸Ҳ˼ҵĻ
ЩҪǳصˣ̱ͣеĶ˼һ·
˹ֱߵձߣʵû¶ɣ
ϡһãֻǡֻС̫ԵˡȻҸҶƽҸ˵ġձߵ˵š
ǰ˲˵ȻʢҲ͸˶֣ձѾӵصֵܾ֪ͨǰ֧ԮҵȣȻȴΥ˽𣬲ûйǣ֧Ԯǵ˵˱𴦣ԾҪأҪ˹Щ˾͸ȫûˡҸ˽𣬲ص飬ԺǻҸʹӣУĲҳ˵
㡭ֱѪˣϡҵȷǱ˷λ֪ôʲôطӦǣϾֳ˳û뵽ȴ𱨣ȻŹְԱԲݹϢǶĻԺصźڣôЩĽʿձߵڰ׵˵
үһͣ˾һǷǺڰףȻͨ͸˵СհصΪµģĳһ˵˽ȨûǷһãϷȻѾݶ꣬۲ҲЩ黹ܿ׵ģεôˣִҪǼˣϷҲţǳʲô飬Ϸɾ͹ܲˡ
үòôձ壬ձȻҲ˵ʲôֻͷϹϾ˵ƾϷԸô˰ɣϵùǡ
˵ͷתҵҵĺҲҪһִ磬ô˵ҲǹְԱ˵ܴģǴϣǲַģ´μǵһ
˵ݶˣҲʶȤĵ˵ͷ˵лǰ̻ڣġ
˺ˡɢ˰ɣһЩʰһսȻ˹ȥէ³뿪ûУԺ߷ڣҪһЩصĸأĵÿζЩ߲ûˣЩõ˵
ȫϻ̳ϿֵĵͷصЩˡ
ձ屻Ҵңô˶棬Ļ˼үӵϣЩʣһȥϢˡ
ϰ˰֣ձԼϾֵһ˻뿪
ߵʱձ廹˻ͷ߿һۣʮָӣ޿϶еģҲһЩ˵ζС


2155 һ
ձϾֵ˻ˣͷһۡ
һۣұ֪ձԲôưոݣ֮ӿ϶ԽԽˣŪ֮϶Ҫһſϰݡ
ձ岻ô׾ͿϷˡ
ߵһ˽ᣬһг䶨ˡ
һͷһۼ˺۵ֵܣֿһ۴˿̺ں׺ģԼһܹݡ
صߵڰͰʰֳէ³Щ˵ʬ嶼£һЩʬһƬһٶߣҲɱ˶ʮв˶ˣѾʣ˶£һѾʼˡ
¾¾ֳźһ֮󣬱ٴߵߣͿ˵쵼ˣڼö˶˵ľ帣궼ûи˶ˣν˳ô飬̫Բסˡ
үϵһɨ⣬΢Ц˵С°ϷȻˣŹҵٺ»ӦһȣҲӦõģò˵ʲôллģСҴģæôܲӣڴСҲһľֳ뵱ֵ°µʱ򣬻һʲô֪ëͷСӣתۼ伸ʮȥˣҲһͷˣҲѾ˲Ӹ
쵼⻰զ˵ģΪһ㣬ղŸǶǵһէ³УܽƷڵأһֱѹһͷϵ׳ٻʮ궼⡭¾ƨ
⻰үӺܿģЦĺ档
ʱҲŷ֣үƽʱƽ׽ˣһЦеӣ޺
ǵʱֻһӴڣ˲Ϳųڳ˶оһѹѹ͸ľ֮С
ֻΪǿһزܹڳÿһ˶ѹ²
ֻǲ֪ųƴڵһֵ磬ҼҸүΪֵΣ
ϸһ룬һЩüĿүӺųǴڵһ֣Ҹүһ˳֮Ϊµһ֣ԾͲһˡ
˵ĳһĳĳеĵһ֣һĳĳʡĵһ֣ȫͲһ
ӳƺϣҸүȻѹһͷ
֪ԼôͻȻ飬һϰߣһֵĳһĺ֣ҾϰԵĸҸүȽһҲϰԵĸԼȽϣÿζʣԼʲôʱܹﵽ־硣
ֲֻϱȽ֮УʶԼĲ㣬Լܹгĳ
һδεƴͱΪ߳ĸֽҲܹѧܶ೤ֲԼĲ㡣
ص˶ܿ죬ۿžʰĲˡ
ʱ¾ٴθ˵쵼ˣʱͽʰͺˣķԸһհ죬ڱ߾లһЩصĸ֣һϰųӣؾ
˵ͷȻߣ˵ȲżһЩҪҵġ
˵ţͳ˹һһЩƣүҪ˵ʲôأǲŵһμ棬ѵǺȥص鲻ɣ
΢Цſ磬ǰʲộָ
Сӣǽһ˵
صӣҺɣǸ˳һƧĵط˹ȥ
ۿûˣүӲſңɫӰүðɣ
һʣҶʱסˣҸôشأҸүһֱӵ״̬⼸ʮ¶棬ܶ˶Ϊˣ뵽׸˵Ҹү顣
翴ɣ϶³ҵ뷨΢ЦŵӣģҸүʶ뵱껹һСձϷһֱΪˣ֮ǰϵֵܣ˱£³صְֻǸүһ㣬ӱȽѣһԼܲˣʮϧҸү궼ûмˣʮλϸ磬Ҳ֪ⱲӻܲټһˣϷһ°
ԭôһ¶˵ʵҶ绹Щģ˼ҵΪ˴ӦòҸүһЩ̫Ҫ˵лǰҸүܺã´μҸүһὫĻת˼ҵġ
ǾͺǾͺáֵˣҴӢϷΪ˽үүص飬Ҳǻ˲¶ҲǾүͬġֵ


2156 лүʹ
ȥԭүүǱǰλүȥģ˵үүö˶˵һֱڸ߸ڴôͽص飬ԭ֮˾ǰλڵһ֡
ˣڵһָҸүĹϵܲսȴüʮ궼ûмҸүˡ
˵ȻϵҸүôãʮûм棬оЩ̫ʵʣҸүҲûûѣ绨еʦ۾ʦչүүòҲҸүʶģéɽ֮ϣүҲˣǰʱ䣬Ҹүȥéɽҹѡ
ϵôãʮ껹ûмĻпܾΪݵԵʣסڴڣȻʮܣǴ֮вǲԻ֮أ϶ҲֹһүүҪȥƻܵĶơ
뵽ұ˵ǰҸү˼ƮʲôطҲ֪´μ˼ңһὫ
ҹһѣһϵ˵
Ǻáǵøϸ˵һ±ǡ˵ţִһƬͨһƬֻһ绰֣Ҵ˹
ϸ磬͸Ҵ绰֪ͨһͺãʱԹһҪǵá˵
Ӧһ˵һ
ʱŵ˵ͷֵðɣǸϽʰʰȥɣʲô˵ҲңܼϷ򶨲ܾġ
лǰߡҿ
˵ţֱߵ¾ߣмصԱ뿪˴˴
ʱҸо˽ŲͷһȻǿ쿸ǰѴ˹
ϸ磬ζлˣԺõҵĵطܿڡҿ
߹ҵļ򣬺ȻһЦˬ˵ҲϽȥһ°ɣҪ˻ؾŸһΣһΪ󲿷˶أԤĺ̫࣬û뵽·صɱ˳
ҳԶһѾڸ߼཭ֶһЩ֣صȫһһս˵Цڸ̸۸ղԼ˼ɮôţƣĻվ̴ƨ
Щ˵УҲвѪկĹƶߺˮʥ̵Ľͷһ͵ߴƣصǱҲеĶýͷˣܶ˹ҲڰڵЩ˰γͷ
ұЩڵǰɿһЩֵȺʱȫ߿˹
ɤӣұһɫλϵѣлλԮ֣ҵΣ֮Уڴлλˡ
±˺ٺЦϵܣضԣֵǹҲǹƴ˵еɱħжţȣǿˣüһȻܹǺˮʥ̵Ľէ³ôУ׸˻ܺö˶˵վɱħͷ˵λҲǾμϵܵ汾£ĺš
εһЦ֪ôֻǫ˵λˣֻȽϺöѣûλôǿ󡣡
ҿô˵ҲǸϵܲսˣҶԷǺˮʥ̡Ѫկͽǵٵж࣬Ժǻ콭Ҳ˴ţȵʱһ˵ǲǰһ˵
Щڵ˶ʱЦյҲԵʮ֡
ұ˵ô˵Ƿλѵģλڿ϶ǳ˴ǮĹҲڸλ٣壬ÿټʮӶڴսɥĽѣһ˶İҷѣһСС⣬λЦɡ
⻰һ˵ڣڵЩ˶ʱһǻһ֣ͬ˵лүʹͣ
һΣڽЩҹţгۣÿ˲ֵܹʮҵֽ𣬵ʱӸ˵ˣЩҲһ֣ϾԵǺˮʥ̣ǿҹѣԲ̫ߵļǮ
ЩջĴ֮³ˣϧЩսףҲ֮ˡ
ڵļҵףǶ٣Ҳ̫ݽ˵ռ֮һĹɷݣѾһȾ޶ʽˣǮҲ˽ǣҲûʲô̫ô
ˣ˿Ǭ˱лдɣĸ֮ۡ޳ĴʽƱҲһӴʲǮһǼڵļҵ׶ʵ


2157 ַ
ЩǮһ˵ģǼֵǹеģÿһ϶һ͸֧ÿǮʱ򣬿ʱȡʱǱ߽Ǯϡ
Ȼһòˣļҵ׷ⶼ˺⣬Ҳȱӡ
ʵǼҲôõǮҲͳԳԺȺȣ߶·ѣ˶ǮҲʵ˷ѣǮͨһĶࡣ
½½ĲˣүӣȻڵˡ
·ϣҵ˼䣬˵εӶ߻ᵥóһ˵¶Щջˣûнѡ
˵ȻѣһսѾǹˣһһ룬ֵܻҪˣڵϯ󹩷Ĳ¶а²Ǯĵ
ȴϴʾܾǮǱѾˣǵǮҷĲգҪҲԣԺͲѡ
˵ݶˣҲǿ˿쵹ҲǸˣֱˬһֵѡ
Ҫ˵ӦñɻҪ곤꣬Ӧòʮ˰ɣһӵҲǺϡ
һ֮ұִ绰֪һߵ˵һ£ÿ˵Ӷ׷ʮ˽ӣǧҪ¶
һ˵Ҹÿ׷ʮӶ𣬶ʱƵҵүһʮ⼸ǧ˵ûûˣ浱ǮǴĲɣǸǵӶŶʮһ±ǵӶ𶼸߳һ࣬гˣǲҲ֪ιҵľү
˺˽磬ͱˣòһǴ߶ɣ¶ôˣҵǱߵǮ۳ͺáҵ
үһ˲˵һڸǰһϵƣ˵ʲôҵģֻǾ¶ѣԺ¶֮ǰܸܲҴкȣ
õĺõģ´һ֪һλҪл㣬Σ֮ʱ飬ڹ˼ллɫ
ðɣү͸ϽЪŰɣЩ϶ۻˡ
˵ţӾҪҵ绰
ʱͻȻһ飬ȵȡϽҸ˵һ顣
үʲôԸ
ȥ׷ɱԬǵǸɣŪˣĲƲ඼Ǹ˹ƲȺˮʥ̵ĵ³ʲ٣ҽЩȫڣֶܱ٣鱦ʯӦоգвԪƼꡣҵ
ҿүַˡһ⻰ˣҶõ绰ͷĽӿ϶۾ð̹⣬һᵽǮһʱ޷
ٺ١֪ˣǮڣǸ缸ɾĹɶˣҪϸҵ
ϡҵľүڵĲү͵ڱסһϴֵĴȣģϣ֤üλүǮǮСҵýϢŹҸɳȥ
ӲҰѻ˵꣬żæŵĹҵ˵绰ĲС
һͲܸǮһֱǮ
¶˵֮Ǽ˱¾鳤ǣٴαл⣬űҴҵ뿪˴˴
صĳӾͣĲԶ͵ĳУȻֱ˶ƱֱɱС
ڳϣǼ˱ȫһµͷһ˺ۣѪģŵ·ˡ
ң׸ģͱжˡ
ͬеģѪկĵӣʵղţȫԽ¾صֵܾ鳤
ϸһ룬ôҪҸ˶̫ϤǻᵣĵӵݣҲⲻȥ
ֱӽ͵ϳǣսȥɣҸսദ꣬˴֪֪ףƼȥˣ϶ᵡߣΪܲϾϵĴӣڹƶ֮ϵսǱҲȱʵۺĸɽڣս绢ʵһʲô飬Ӻս嶼Ըҹܹͨ⡣
ߣӾƤӵ£˵Ҫʲô۶ӣҲܹһʱʰ
ڣ¶ֵСģһ̽ӣ¶ļʿܺСһصҪһ̽ߣҲһĴۡ


2158 󵷹
һƣ˳ֱϳǣһ·Ͷ٣շתУڵ˺Ҷȣȵ˺ҶȵʱѾǵڶˡ
ѦСһǼģһҡͷ̾Ϣðֻǵɫ֪ÿ˶˲ᣬæкԺѦүӣһİǴϵơ
ڼ䣬Ҳ˳ѦСߺ״֣һͨæ
Ϻһһ˺۵ʱ۵ᶼôġ
Ҳûиϸ˵ŵСѾͷһҵʱȫһֲĴ򷨣ûԼֻܻǱһ˿û뵽ûңô˲⣬ԺƵɱ쳣ǿ
ҺǵĽ֮ҲûжԣֻǲͣѦõҩˮͿĨỹͣۿдת
滨һ㣬ҵҲЩ㱣ܾÿǷö࣬һֱȥҲǸ취ҵ˼ûзѾͷϡ
ʵҵڳˣָܿ죬ձǻϵƿźֲܿŵԼԼζڳ˯һ֮ƾͺ˺ܶ࣬˿Ѿϣ󲿷ֶˡ
ãײûж˧ĲҾ徵ʲô˺ҪȻԺûԷˡ
·ֻûˣһѦҩ̣ұ㽫ֻ˵磬ûиͿĨҩˮҵֻæһ·ߵ绰һүүġ
ʵүү绰Ҳûʲô̫Ҫ飬Ǹ˵һսүүʱүүٿһ飬޷˽⵽ʱ򣬲֪¾¾ֳѾ糯Ǳ߸˹ȥǱ߾Ҳûвȡʲôʩ
Ϊ¾ֳ磬˲¾ֳ쵼ҲͬүүϼʵүүȻһٸΣֻҪܼʱϵҽȳ϶ûʲô⡣
˵Ҳ֣үүЩĪ˵˾ٱڻĳһطһصĻټпһصϳջ
һ飬үүȻҵæȥ˾صֵܾ濪ᣬ飬ҳ˲صֺܾͻֵĸȥǸط̽飬ߵһʲôûС
үүÿ˱ٱҲٱԳʲôʿүүȥǸٱǺҲҲûвһͷ
ͨ飬үүãпϾֵձڸΪ˶Ըң͵͵˾ٱڻ飬үү֧ȻұòүүǱߵľһձԷĴ󵨵ɽۻĿǼ˱է³ŪȻȥɨս
һͷͳңѪկͺˮʥ̵Щ˵ʬνһãĺֻϧձƻˣһᡣ
Ȼ֪ﶼ϶ɵġ
үү˵صĸ߲쵼֮УձһֱôԸڸҪľϣͺͳһʱձ徭үүʮջ
үүٸ˵飬ȴҴ¿ˮʵףүү֮˵ǶĴһЩǸ⣬է³ϣүûܼʱԮǼ
һصֱȽϲⱣҵΪվүүҳɳĺܿ죬㲻ôעעˣҪ˶Ըһص档
飬үӶ˽⣬֪ҽձһ٣үҲʮֽ˵ǸôͿ˳ˣҲԺҪôçײҪүӸҽΧҲ
һ˵ұʴ˿ɲɿҴҸү飬ҪҪү˵һ
үү˵ʮֿɿص֮ϵһصԱΪҲһӣѾݺüʮˣڴСձʱҸүսɱ˲ձɵĸ֣Сձŷɥܶǰ֮Ľ黹ѡ
үһ˵ҾͷˣҼүʱ򣬺бҪүֵ顣
ү˵һЩ飬һһص飬Ȼ͹ҵ˵绰
һҵսĵ绰ʹ˹ʲôʲôҪȥأǴӵ顣


2159 ΢糾
ʱսҲڳǻҲûиսûὫӽܸ飬ΪʱܶڳӵֱȽ⣬ձõ£˸ֱۣӴ˺Ҷȣս̸顣
սҴ绰ҪûлصҶȣΣʱ̫ңҲæŴ飬Ҳûжġ
ûиս˵ûпգҪһ˸ʶʶһùƸ֣رص顣
һ˵սʮּ˵ȻҪˣֵȱأһںҶȣǴΣļֲ඼ˣûаء˵пգһҪҴ˹ȥ
Ӧһǵһ˿Ц⣬ս֪ӵݣƾͲôˣҪҲҪҪҲҪûѡ
һʱ䣬кöҪæŵӵŴһҪӽӴɣĲʱûʲôرҪ飬ұúùһһʱС
һԽ֮УҲϵΪüλֵΪʬţǸʦȽЩ˵ΪתΪԼΪ֮ţҵΪȻһ̨ס
ϣϵƶ˼򵥵Ĵʵ˵ĲأȻͦңǲû̫ˣҲ̫أֻĹȣҪϴ̫ܵˡ
ܹһҸо֪ͦġ
һӣǴںҶˣһˣһ߸ԹԼΪ
ҹʱ֣շתߣһҵ˼ͻƮɣô˯ˣĵ˳λүӵķķȥ
ط˶Σν뷨֮Ȼأ˷Ҳûȥλүӣֱķ
вʱұ˺֮У˺ĻأһʯŻ𣬷¡¡죬ȻǺ˿˿ҽסһս¶Ҫʮȵӡ
ӳıǺϾŵ
۾üĿ续о˯һվڶڵķ˺һŲ˽ȥ
վǺԱߣиоΪأյһĻĻͷһƣ˵һѪģÿһбһһĴʹ
Ų԰׵һ˵԰ˣѾɱˣңΣһ޷ģһ˿ϣҲһ죬һҵܹȻİ취
˵䣬ͻȻоڴһ˿ϸ΢죬ǽŲٲϵֶΣһϸ΢ĶӲҵĶ䡣
λүӵķҲʲô˶ԽģӦòǵˡ
˭ɡҳŶſڵķȥ
󣬶ڴӰһ߳һŮˣҲһ£Ǹ˾Ȼ۽Ǵۻ
ңСŸ硭Щʵ˵
ϲ˯ܵʲôʵ
Ǹġֵ
ʲôƵ
˼Ҳվ˱ԱߣǿһȻĿٴҵϣЩЩᣬЩʹᡣ
СŸ磬˵һ顣һᣬɫ
˵ʲôҵ
ǲԶ߲ˣ۾Ķҵ
ҿһһһŵ˵ʵһֱ㵱ÿûйκηǷ֮룬ԡ
СŸ硭ҶˣʼշŲѾûκϣȻˣҲѡң㻹Ǹ¹ѡ¹Ҳһ𡭡ҡҴС󣬾ֻϲһˣһֱΪһСûгԹ˾ܾζǰеϺͽ΢糾ɲ⵽ҵĴڣɲὫҷϡҵĻĵ
С˵鲻
ҲҪҪʲô˵ˣҵȫףСŸ磬ԺҲˡ
˵ţͻȻһתŶɱ˳ȥ
㶵վһǻҲ֪ʲô֪ٸ˵
˰ˣʹʹʵĽҲδزһ¶
ͻȻ־Щףǽʱڣһ˳ȥһһصо鷳ˡ


2160 Ҳܿ
ţҽž׷˳ȥߵʱ򣬻ǺʯŸˡ
ǵҹʯţܳȥ׷ʱ򣬲ûҵӰһֱ׷˷棬ҲûпܵʲôطǱ۷Ѧҩ̡
һȥʱѾЩˣŪ죬ʱˣȾ˳˯ʵСţʲôأô磬Ūļɹġ
ˡ֪ȥҡҼ
ˣö˶˵ôأղҹģйŮСǲǶӶֶţ˸۸ˣ˵ģһģЦ
ʲôʱˣ㻹ҳϽҰЩ˵
пҲ˵Цæɫ˵֮ǰأ
ںȥȻ˹˵û仰ͿˡҼ
˼ҿ϶ˣȫȫ⣬ͷΣܹ֮û˵仰ȴȥ˭Ҳܲ˰żǸϽȥңܻ϶ȥѵ
ʱһסǸԺķȥ˵һͰչҲˣ׷׳Ƿʲô飬иǽһ£ͼӴһŪ˶ùĿ⿴ңȻһķ˹ȥ
ǵߵķһտҲҲ룬Ѿˡ
˿϶ѾԶˣСʦӦ׼չüͷ˵
Ǹһص˹ϵôţ˵ΧһصڻĶǣΪȻΣԻǺܴģǱҪҵУҪߣҲ뿪һ
ţҰɣǷͷжҵ
ӦһҪԺӵʱͻȻ䣬֪˭ϵֻˣչԼֻһһ֮󣬲ŸǵСʦ㷢ģ˵ѾԶˣҪؽϼңǲõģʮСĵġ
չôһ˵ʱǿͻȻ˵ҾӰȫӦûʲô⣬ϴںҶȷǼ飬صﶢĺܽӵΪֲӦòµġ
ҳƬ̣˻֣˵ˣ߰ɡ
˵ţұصԼǽһƣһȻʧĸо
ͻȻ;ƣҲ޷ڴϣĬ˼侲Ŀھ˼ΣԼľһЩ
֪ʲôʱűˣҴе״̬лָ˹˵һ
Ϊǻǣ֪Ȼվſڣæվкݡ
ܸһֲʳ˼̻𣬶һģʱѦҵĵϢ˺ܶ࣬˿̿ȥͨҲûʲô˹ɫЩ
Сɩӣ¶𣿡Һ
˵ͷû£ֻǵ˵ҹǸ˵˵õ顣
ŶӦһ㲻֪νӿˡ
ﵽûżɽʵ
ֻӣһֱ֪ġҵ
˵ͷ΢΢̾ϢһӶҵ޹üأһ죬ҾͿ㱣ûʧģﲻ̣϶ǷǳˣΪõĻʱͲҪٸκϵ׶룬һ𣿡
ʱǸεεӣİ˶֣ͻȻ˵ⷬЩ⣬ֻһ£űɩӷģ֪
Ȼҿһۣһŵ֪Ҳܿ࣬ҾӦþúôһ鷽ˣǴɱɱʲôʱһյ㡣
˵ţתȻȥ
ãһ̾ǾȥЩ飬Ƚǰ鴦˵ɡ
ϴˢһһ緹ʱұŵֱȥϳǣսԼ˳ԼĵطҸ׷档
䷿֮ǰɲù󣬵Ҳõı͵
Һ͵ȵҼңһսŸ˹߻һˣǳ̷ƹҲսĵ֣һЩҽһЩƶ֮С߹ƣǳ̷Ƹġ
Ѽ棬һٺѣú
һսĿ˵ӵϣЦ˵λѱҽܵλùƸ֣


2161 һ
ߵĵӣһµͷΣоЩš
ʵӵಢ׶жȥѪկۣͨװȥͦʱֻЩ԰ףǾƶ򽻵ԵʣƣʱҪԼľѪȥιıƲŻȫ˵ĲٿأԼȫһ
㣬Ƶɭɭɫ԰ףѪЩ㡣
սʣұ˵ͷ˵ҸܵѣҪص顣
ս˵ͷȻֱӿżɽ˵λѣ֮ǰҲСֵ˵ˣһеģٵƷģ׬ײ˵ǮҪָص鷢ƣǸǲܵģǶҪڵһߵģԵĶǽ֮׼ߣһصħ֣ҪԸһЩعصĽ֣ʱпܽСȥ׼
ЩŵĴ˴֣С˵ҡ׼ˡ
ʱս΢΢һЦֵȻص鲢ʲôȥǻһұҪ˵ʲô˶صģһ㣬汾£ǼȻŹҵٺ»Ҫϰհ¶ǹҵһطߣصκһˣҪԣǻҪֶΣϸĻСŽܹģҲա
ٴεͷ˵Ҷס
ҲСţǽصˣҪһأΪʡصľֳǲֱӲصԱѡεģһȫ²ŴΪҸСѵԵʣԲԹһˣǸ㿪һˡսһ㽫ֳݸ˳һʡֵĴ쵼Ϊıܹһסӡ
һֱߣӴ飬һ˵Ҫزŵص飬⻹ЩţϾǸͷ飬һܹɹص飬ζ׸ǰһи𣬾Ҳһµġ
ллллֳʮֳϿҵ˵
ǺðɣǾСŵֶΣֻҪһأصĴžΪ㳨˭Ҳסսն˵
ս˵仰ʱеһʯͷ˵ء
󻰶˵ˣͲս巴ڣҵǶʱһ˿óѰЦ⡣
ս忴˳̷ƣ˵˵ڹƶ֮ʮ־ͨãҲһùƶ̷֣֮ƣ˿Խһ£ֻҪò̫ңұصΣ
õġС˵
ȴ룬ⲻǿЦôս徹Ȼó̷ƸӹУ̷Ƶˮ׼֪ģȻǶһЩƶ֮ҲֻǸڱ棬ôܸڹƶ߾˽ʮĵӣ
룬ȴûб¶ֻ΢Цſ˵ӣοͣ϶û⡣
ӵ˵ͷȻվǳ̷Ҳߵ˿ƶм䣬಻׵ľ롣
ͽ̡һ̷֣ƿ˵
㲻̫ţ˹ƶҲģ̫ʹࡣ̷˵
ӵ˵ͷԣֻվ
̷Ʊһ֣ų˼ʮֻϸСķɳ棬ŵӷ˹ȥ
Ҳûм̷ƷŹƣֻˣ̷һ·ųЩƳ֮ҲССĳԾһѣ̷ڹƳ֮ϵ貢еǰǳ
ЩƳоȲӬ˶٣ٶȺܿ죬һɳ㳯ŵֶȥ
վһֱЩƳ쵽ߵʱ򣬵ӲŶȻ֣һּ䣬ҶûпõʲôֶΣ̷ƵЩƳȫĵ˵ϣ˲ȫˡ
мһ֣֪ûУһ֣㽫̷ƵЩƳȫɵˣվߵսʱĿɿڴ
Ҳ̫ţˡ
̷ƿһԼĹƳ棬ɫ˲ͱĲ԰ˡ
ھ̷֮࣬۾ͻȻԲˣһ֣̽ͲܳһɫСߣǵӵȥ
۾С߿һۣһδҲûбֳκξŵɫֻ΢΢һ䣬ͻȻɳʮֻסСߵȥ·С߱ʮֻͷܴĹƵΧţӰ֮е䵽˵֮ϣϵĶҧɫСߣСڵʹķš
ȻӲûа֣ӵɲϵķɳָɫĺʼų̷ƶȥ̷һЩɫٴδ䣬æ˼һЩҩۣЩƵȥмֻж˵ϡ


2162 
ֻǣӵϷɳĹƵԽԽ࣬޾һ㣬̷ĹƷȻֻܹƵǶԸôƵȻǲ̫ãĹЩƵΧų̷ԽԽ࣬һԲȦ֮УΧطɶ
˵ôɫĺΧһȦ˷ӻǺÿСʱ򿴵һӾлĺ㹫Ǹ֮ͬ
ֻЩƵɲÿģɱ˵ġ
ôƵţһֻƵڳ̷Ƶҧһڣ̷ƵС᲻
̷ƶʱŵĻʧɫסŵĴ
Ҳ֪ӿ϶ЩƵ˺̷ƵģֻΪ˸սʾһԼ߳ùƵֶΡ
վߵս弤۾ֱˣЩ΢΢ùƸʡص飬绢ʵ
̷ƵĿ־ľڽս𾪵״̬˻һ֣˵λѣӮˣϽְɣŻ˳̷ӾͲˡ
ӵ˵ͷһ֣ЩĹƵ㳯ŵӷ˹֮Уܿ죬ָƽ̷ŵѾǽǴһҶǿһ˵ӡ
˼̹ܾˡӿһֵ
̫ˡþöûмôĹƶ֮ˣλֵʡصˣ˭ս˷ܵĳŵ˹ȥһס˵ӵ֣ҡһǳҪ飬λֵܽʲô֣ʦӺˣ
һʵؼ⣬ɫһ㿴ңΪ֪ôشˡ
ߵսߣٴȷϵ磬λѵĹƶ֮ΣȷҪʡص𣿡
ֶû˵ҿ϶ҪˣϿܽܣλֵʲô·ս弤˵
ǽһ˵ҿս
սЩɵĿһۣǸҳһ˽ȥЩִٵĵӺͳ̷档
ߵ֮ս廹Щ޷Ƽ飬ϾôùƸֲصȱֵʱսߡ
һңսЩʵСţôŪôصģλֵܵʲô·
磬ȷٴȷϵ
ȷٷ֮սظ
ڣҽһЦ
Բڡսֵ
ǺãȻˣҾ͸˵ɣҸһصѪկϵĴӣиֽӡ
ȥսŵĻһ£ɫʱ䣬һֵĿҵСţүʲôãôϵĵӸ˹СӲǸ鷳ôһҪһصԵף˵ңҲҪԲ˶ߡ
ǴӦһҪҸղŻŵӵ˵ģһĭһŶ˵Ļɲܷڡҵ
սһ죬ѹ˵СţҲҪʲô飬ԭ⣬һصǲģ˭˭㽫ӷߣǵڰһʱըô֪ʲôʱըˣʱ޷
սģұ͵磬𼤶аٷ֮һĿԵףҲὫ㣬ʵ˵ɣζУɱϣȻ˽ǵɣиṩıӡ
ʲô˼ӻܴȥɱʦϣսЩ̫ŵ˵
˵ûǵӴɱʦҲԭģΪڵ׵ʱɱ˵ӵĸĿıõӶе룬ĸԸĸйƶ֮Ҳڵӵ˳޵ӣǹȥҪɱϵʱ򣬵ҵ˻ᣬЭǽϸɱˡ
˵սüͷ΢΢չһЩţ˵磬İɣô꽻飬ҿ϶Ầ㣬ӵϵ洫ʲôƶ֪֮ģһߣԺ»ʡĲ٣ҪǵʲôĵĻҿһµƣһҸʲô۶ӣǧƴ߶ƶ˲Ҫ÷˰ɣ
Ȼô˵ǡս廹Щԥ
һ֣ͷ˵ʲôǡ磬Ҿ͸ˣҪǲ˵ӣɻвŶأҽ͵үүﵱ֣үүգһ͵¾¾ֳʱһ˱ˣٺڿɾˡ


2163 ϴĸ
˵ţұ˼תҪţŵ뿪
Ųսһץסҵĸ첲Ц˵ţСš𰡣ٺúģʲô
ôһùƸ֣ﶼϡֲͲȥ˵ʵڵ磬ǿǹϵôõķݶϣŽ㣬ҪȻ죬ͽӽܸ¾ֳ鳤ˣǵĹʦصܾӦҲǳͰɣЩĿս塣
ԶԶԣСţʲôϵôܸϵȣˣˣһսЩȵ˵
ѽ㻹ҹ˵
Сţ¶ϾС¶Ҳ֪زŲû죬ץסСӣһ״϶ǳԲ˶ߣҲ¸硣սЩ˵
Ҳ֪ٳû죬ձүүһõӡ
±˵ͷ˵ðɣ˵˵ʲôҿϲʣ˵ҺòײŽӴѪկǱߺƹǵһЩΪѵ飬ҿɲɡ
ģҵʵܼ򵥣ǾǵӱҪգ֮ǰʷ׸ҪһµݣǰľҲҪӱɸɾܹص飬ҪȻҲø潻ս˵
ʵ˵룬ҽ͹ΪգȥһиҲˡ
ҹһ£˵ǺðɣҸ㿴˼ң˼ûص黹һأҪһ
սٺһЦһҵļ˵ǿ϶ûⰡСŰ첻ɵ顣
˶ݵĽ֮Ȼ˳ȥһţսһ΢ЦĿŵӣ˵ֵܣСȥһˣġ
Ӧһ߽֮ǰңҹţֱӸӵӣ߸㶨ˣʡصľֳս壬Ѿͬʡص顣
⡭̫ˡСֵܣ̫лˡӼ촽Щ
ӣ˵̫磬˼ֳģҪӦɫ
ʲôʵ
ҪգȻҪ;٣ǰһжҪӸɾˣܽص顣ҵ
֪붼û룬ֱӱУû⣬ȫӦ
û뵽ӻӦôˬ죬Ȼʵˣӣǰʲô
һ£Ȼ˵ҡҲǵˣȥѪկʱͺСϸ֣СĵӣͷһֹƵƣ֮ǰ־ԲᣬҪȻɱ֮ö֮ҾͲǵ֮ǰʲôˣҸԼѾһ֣ͽСɣԢƼ˵˼
ã㣬ˣͿֳ㴦飬ݣҲո룬˵ǴӹկİɣկͷȻ׶񣬺ڸһصûκιϸҲܹΪʲôôĹƶ֮ˣҸկĴЩ飬ʱǱͨţҲõص˹ȥ֤ҳ˵
ãһжֵ㰲žˣ˵ģСֵܣҴû뵽һôһ죬ԴӽɱˣҸĸ֮ͷûκε壬ǻҲһصͺˮʥ̵׷ɱ̻̲գҲܹһ¿ʼµһһ֮£֮ǰ붼ġӷǳϵĸ˵
Ҵ۾￴һ˿˵ѵ˼ľϴĸˡ
һӵҾöȻͻȻһ飬Ц˵ӣһһһֱ벻ףָ̡
ʲô飬ֱ˵ͺˡӵ
ЩǴðģһô࣬ʮֺ棬ܸܲ˵˵
һʵ¶ʱݸһЦܿߣӣ¶һ˫ӿݵı۰һʱΣĪ˫֮һƬ͹΢䶯ǶƤ档
Ӻܿҽ͵ϴڸҵһʮĹƶ֮ƣ˫֮ȫЩƵĳѣ˶Եеʱ򣬴߶ЩѱƿǶɵƣÿһֻǾ綾ޱȣֻҪ϶һڣ޷ƵĻ֮йƶǳѿ


2164 Ϊ
ֱĳѣһ΢䶯ЩͷƤ飬æ˺ˡ֪ˣϽߣϣҿ濹סЩƵĻֿǿҪôĳѣͷˡ
Щ˼һЦ˵ⲢʲôѪկﻹһЩʦﶼиֳѣһϣʱѪгһӴͻٵֳϱ۵Ľӿڴ᲻ĳڵϣҾۼֵǻĹȥһ֣Щֻ˫֮ϲϷֳԲŻῴȥ޾ɱˣ±ɳѣľҵ˫֮ϡ
Ƕȫж˷ùƵķңǶҵĸмһְɡ
Ҹӹͨһ֮󣬶Ӳ̫ڶսη壬ῴҵϣҲԲΪõӸսȥսܿ콫ӵȫϴףȻʽص飬Ժͷ棬Ҫˡ
ӶҸм֣ҲϵĿο˵ʲô˵飬ʱҴ绰һŴ
Ȼұ˳ȥӽս壬ص飬顣
ӵ鰲źˣбó࣬ϾӦ˵ӣ϶Զŵġ
ʵǶԵҲȫûзڵһǸʱһǧƽӸסˣ˹ƣʵڵĹƶûȫֻ
ҵ˼ǵӶǶʲô˼һͨǧƣ˲õӱж
ֹƸĺϵĹƲֻ࣬ҪǶûʲôֹƶԶᱬǵ档
߽̫ĶթǲòΪǸӽӴʱ䲢ҲǺ˽Ϊˡ
ļ죬ϵڵͽһˣ˹кǿǴӽɣŪĽƱȫӸڣҽЩóʱ򣬻һ
˵ʵֻǴǬ˱ｫЩڳͻҰСʱĹҲ֪ϻǿǴﵷĳġ
ŪĶǳĽȻһЩŶֻ䱦ʯӦоգĿ˵ʵɣıϴǴӵ³Ǳ߸ıҪܶ࣬ϾɣǶƷ⣬һҪͼƣǮ϶ٲ˵ġ
ƺͽӿô౦۾Ҳֱˣͣ
Լ˵ϴδӵ³ǮƣνɣЩȫֵĻѾԽڵļǼʵʵĳڵĵһɶԺڶǼֵ˵ˡ
ȻҲֻǵһЦǼֻʺϴɱɱ۾Ӫϵ⣬ûһеģڻǰڣֻҪǾӪȲƲܹάֵܼ߽Ϳˡ
ڻ˵ҪһǮ̨ɽϵĽǮҲԶԶòģҲһȡ֮ÿһҲǱ߽ˡ
е鶼֮ұ۷˺ҶȵѦҩ̡
ֵϵƶûкҪһʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǶҪһԼΪ
ңôֵΪұʱ乮һ¡
ҽôֵΪתԼΪ֮ҿ϶һͻƣ콣еһзҲӦܹʩչˡ
ÿһ˶˿иƽıȴһΣպܿҪˣʱĺƽ٣˭֪ǽҪԵĻһֲĸ֡
ԣֻܲϵԼʱҲڱһоʹſ¡
ʼռţаʤˣȻи߸˶ţȻܹʰǰա
һ֮䣬һڹȥˣӸҴһ绰ʮ˷ܵ˵սѾźˣھ͸սߣ֣һµݺ֣Ժͽдˣ֤Ҳ˳
֮䣬Ƶ˷ܡ
һֱӶϵӰ֮£źڰ֮Уʱգ˹ĿׯҲΪˣף
ֹȥһµĹ⾰ɵЩֵΪѾһС룬һ֮УûյκһϢչҲûȴҲ֪ΪΣǰǰʱҲûоһ뿪ﻹЩζ


2165 ŵĶ
ѾͷҲֻܿǷˣԸܹ¿ʼµҪٽ˼ϣҶ֪Լܹһ죬˵ʲôʱͱոˡ
ʱ䣬ƽĺһ̶ˮ޲Ҳʼˡ
Ȼһ绰ٴδǵƽ
绰ӸҴģӵĵ绰Щ⣬ΪҸ߹⼸СʲôرҪ飬һ²Ҫ绰
ΪʲôҪ飬͸ǿǱ߾ܹòҳ棬Ҵʱ䶼ϳǡ
һ£ұͨ˵绰ӣҴ绰¶𣿡
СŸ磬㵹ûʲô飬ʱи˵ˣҸѾܾ֮ǰͲסˣǸ˾ˣѰ϶¶żӣ͸绰˵һ˵
˭ңæʵ
Ǹ˵ʲôŵĶӣиŮˮ˵ҵĻ͸˵һҿ϶ʶǶĶӡ󲢲ֻ̣ŵϼһΣԲ̫ˣŪпĳѰģҾͳһû绰˸ûãҾ͸绰ˣ˵һ顣Сĵ˵
СҲѧ࣬Լ֪ҲһһкܶңӱӲŻСġ
ҵһӾ
ŵĶӾȻң϶ġ
ߵʱ򣬽һСиңˮŶһҪա
Щ߽߰͹˲ŵĶһˣߵʱֻүүֿһ֮ûôע
֪ˮĸסʲôط
һ¶ĶΣԼУұã϶ŵĶʲô˵ˣҪȻҲҵҵͷ
˼Ƭ̣ұӵûʲôϵʽ
ˣһ绰룬˵ҵĻϵӿȥĺżٴ˵
õģڼҵһϻ߸ڴ㡣Ҹ˵
ϣϳʱûˣɣұþƲ˵㡣ˬĻӦ
Ʋ˾ͲˣҲڸ߸ڴܿͻ뿪ҵ
ǺðɡӦһȻ͹ҵ˵绰
ұкһ˵ϳȥһˣЩҪá
һ˵ҪţֵǶ۾ŹĿңǲҪʵˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ôĶҪ㣬ǰһѣЩҪȥȥͻأһﲻҪġ
һ˵۾âʧˣȻվ˵Сţһȥɣһ¶ҲиӦҲô̫ƽ
룬ҲǣߣҲ̤ʵ˵õĵطǱðһˣҲûʲô¶ŵĶһЩ鷳ҹƲȱǮǴһЩףӦúܿͻŵĶӾһͨˣӦֲʲôӡ
˴󲿷ֶ֪ţǰҲǽŵ飬˵¶˱
ҺɴǱˣȻѦҩ̣뿪˺Ҷȣֱӻص˸߸ڴ
һڣҾͿͷվһӣһһͦŮŮҺ³߹Щ˼ĵͷȥ
ҺԶľ͸ҴкҺ˹ȥ֮ǳߵŮһۣЦ˵ţλ˭
ЩһЦ˵δޣڴģһʱǾҪˣɱ˹ҵϲơ
˵ţӱתͷҺøǶ㺰СŸͺˡ
ʱ̧ͷЩ˼ĿһۣźһСŸ硣
û뵽СӾȻˣҲǣʮˣҲóɼҵˡ
û⣬ʱǰ˵һҿ϶ϲơЦ˵
Ǻ˼䣬ȻұһŵĶֿ飬ӱ˵ʱݰڼңȻͿһҼſתƣҼҵĴŵģӾͺ棬ȥ˼䣬˱˵˵ŵĶӣֿһЩ飬ҹȥ飬ֿûж˵ϵʽ֮ʹҴҵ뿪ˣǽӡ
ҸҪֿϵʽȻг˼䣬ʱһҪ֪ͨңȻֱ뿪ˣɱϳǵķ


2166 ϶а
ʱұͨӸҵĵ绰룬绰˺üŽͨˡ
ܿ죬绰ͷһЩȻʵáλ
ŵĶִ𣿡ʵ
һҵԷԺ࣬æ˵ǡŵĶֿܹϵ̫ˣǰ˵˽˵飬һҪϵ϶ǵġʵͶ·ˣ뵽ҪǼҰæҪȻҪȻ治֪ôˡ
˵˵ţִ羹Ȼ˿ǻ
һʮĺӣΪӣʮֵּ飬Բˡ
Ҹɿһ˵ִ磬ôŶжҶɽҵ飬׳ʲô飬ԸҼ˵һ𣿡
лл̫ллСֵܡʵҲ֪ǳʲô飬ˮǵزôβˣ軹˵ˮаˡҲø˵Լƾ֪ˡֿһ˵ҪȥæЩ״ΣŻŵģ
Ǻã·ϣ˵һַĻһСʱҾܵϳǡҵ
С7¥һԪ403ң㵽СſڣҹȥǾСֿ
õģҺܿ͹ȥ
˵ţұ˵绰ڳһµֱӿǸС
Ҵ˵绰ɱʲô飬ϲأ
ԷҲûϸ˵Ҳ֪ʲôߵ￴ɣˮѾͷаĸҲزǱ߳ʲô飬һḺ𵽵ףΪŶо֮ûûڵҡɫ
ǿ϶Ҫ¶򵥰˼˵
һСʱ֮ǸСҽͣСſڣԶԶľͿСĴŸһ߶ʮֽģ
Һ˳㳯Ǹ˹ȥǸԶԶľͿңͳ߱˹ʱɫ΢ڣ·ƸոҽŹ˿ȥȷʵŵĶֻֿǴʱȥǰģкܴĳ룬ͷЩģȫĺӣһǷ֮С
˵ûϳҲûϳǵϵǸֿ
ѾǰˣǻģҶֿӡģԼܹһЩȷŵĶӡ
ܿ죬ͱǵǰԵΪǷ˷Լ۾ų˵Сֵܡֿöûˡ
ָ֣ѵǰöûмˡôһֱ汼ǹעıȽ٣ǶԲסִ硭
ûСֵܣɱ˵ҵĹֳҰŵģѾ֪ˣЩҲͦȵģҲûгʲô飬Ҷֻܹγ̫ˣʵû취ˡ˵ţֿȻۿˡ
ðɣǱʱˣϽȥˮɩӰɣһᾡŬ㡣ҵ
ֿӦ˼æתǴ·һ߿һ߸˵Сֵܣ֮ǰҾ֪ǸʲôģҽӴЩԶЩ飬һ·ҲͨСʱҲ￴¶ֻÿ￴¶ʱ򣬱㽫ҹؽﲻÿЩһܿһЩġˮѾͷ϶аˡ
һ·˵ţֿĵԪſڣһߵұЩԣ¥һӭ˹ߵɶʱ۾Ȼһۣʾ
˶һۣûжԣǼ¥ݣ¥ȥ
һʮϾɵ¥ûеݣǶʮǰĽˣֿǰ·Һɽ棬һߵ¥ʱҺĴۣܿȥ¥֮оƮ˺ܶ൭ӰӣȻһȺ»ҰҲαȽԹͶ
ֿһ߽ȥʱЩΧֿߣͣ⶯űӣֿϵҺɶߣϵ̫أǶ˺ܶ࣬ЩҲҿǰ֡
Ҽӿ˽Ųߵֿߣһ죬ֳ˿ֲģ˲㽫ԼϵϢȫɢ˳ҽļʱϵյĻɢֻһ˲䣬ܱһƬ
ôôĹأ
аǲء


2167 Ů
ϵأڻ̺⣬һҽϵϢͷųЩ˵һֻԵĴܵϵϢ˲ɢ
Ǹֿ󣬼¥ȥ¥ݼǹǵжǺܸߣܵϵϢ֮Щ޲׷׶ܣĴɢһĹ㵴ȻһգӰ
һֱߵſڵʱֿһҪһ߻ƵˣղŻ쬵ģôоů࡭
ôţϵأоǲ֣տʼֿʱ򣬱Щ̫֪ôһ¶
ʱֿţһ֮ʱƮɢ˳۱򿪵֮£ұ㿴ѾʵʣһɫĵƮɢ
һĻҺɶԾСһ˵أ֮⣬ȻʮĹ
ڽȥ֮ǰұ㺰סֿСĵʵִ磬ˮɩӲ˶ˣ
ɩӵʱ䳤һЩһˣˮűĲģСֵܣǹȥ֪ˡˮѾͷǷˡֿɥ
ˣ֪ˣǽȥɡҵ
ֿƿţ˽ȥ
һݣ͸ˣȻɷ֮СϵȾͲ˺ܶ࣬һϾǹּĹνʮֺʮҲһ
ּּҵ˿϶Ǳʲôණˡ
Ϊ˲ݾߣҺְɶϢָеϢͨһ㣬ǹҲӦߵϢ
ˣǲ߽ҵӡ
ֿסСʮϾɣļҾ߿ȥҲͦ¾ɣүүֿҵĻصλĹҲʲôʲҵ治̫ãҲҵ֮Уүүָ쵼ֿܹߺѾˣȻʲô̫õĹ
ЩԼܹŵһЩùζֿߵһԱߣһԿףһ߿һ߸˵ˮͿʼ裬ҧ˵һЩĻʱ򻹻˵ԼԾͽһǼǧ¡
ҺһۣʾֿϽš
ҺˮҲ߰ûмˣҲһСŮӦҲʮ˰ɣЩˮڵģǲǻǸһ˫۾ʮ鶯ǸСŮЩڴ
źܿ챻ˣһɸķﴵ˴һ򿪣ͻȻһһɫ˹ҷһŰȹӵŮһˮֿȻ˹
һһץסֿӣһˮһա
ǸŮһûдУű˿ȥ˺ü
ˮô⿪ˡְְˮһԵֿ˵
ϵܡˣѾŮˡ˵
ˮ˭ֵֿ̿
ϵܣڿһͽˣӣˮͻָɳ
ֿЩŽɵĿһۣŲߣȻЩģҵִ磬ģǾУˮǱˡ
˵ֿٴ˵Ǻðɡˮͽˣǿǧ˵
ģġҵ
ֿֿһˮһͷ뿪
ղˮֿһ֮󣬺ܿһǣһһʵģĪ졣
Һ߽ӣĵƣϸˮķȥ
һ֮ˮԵĶһ£ȻЩη⣬еĴʵʵĹһҲ͸
ӱӰˮѾɴˣʮָԼһߣӦϸ˰ɡ
ˣ۶ˣʶĸϽҪȻ̽Ļɢһ㿪żɽ˵
ʱˮŻתͷǵʱҲŷﻹǰˮƵĿǣʱˮӡ÷ڣڵĶѾЩˣһ˫ʮԵĺȦɫޱȲ԰ףǵһĨЦݣ׼һģ
˭Ҫ£ҪȻҰҲһŪˮһɳƵ죬ʮԹ
˵ˮѾͷʮƯȻڵģЩɭڵס毺õݡ


2168 뿪
ԭ˫ˮĴ۾˿̿ޱݣһҲǵǸˮˡ
ֻϧҴˣңֻù
˵һ飬Ͻ뿪壬ҪȻҷַӱɢҪ˵ţ˳ֽϢָǿֲϢʱǸˮĹ˹ȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ǹʱܵҺǿֲĞų̺⣬йΪηĶ
ˮϵǸʱŵɫ䣬أԺ˺üޱȵ˵㡭ǾȻߣһʮߡ
ȻоˣǻǶֵʱڿɾˡǰһ
ǺǡˮͻȻЦһ£ܿ콫еˮ׼ԼˮӴĴвΪԼҾ𣿸ϽҪȻҾɱŮ
вң۾һУŭ˵
вϽҪȻҿҪɱˡˮˮѩ׵ĲϣһǳǳѪۡ
Ϊɱӵ𣿡ɳ
ҡҸǣұƼˣҲŲô࣬ǸϽߣЩ˵죬ϺɫѪܲһʱԵޱ
ðɣ㸽СѾͷ޷ǾҪռ壬Լֻת㣬ƶҵĴɣֵ飬ֻҪϷұ֤㳬Σɵ
ƭأֻҪһ뿪ӣǿ϶ҵģǵΪ̫ˣҸûκηĻᡣŭ˵
ƭѾĺǹɣǸ
ˮϵβǲ뿪ˮӣ⻹Щ鷳ˣʵһĽʿЩѲǶ˵һСָͷֺˮĵġ
ЩˣСүʲôûоܱһСס
£һǬ˱ңʱһɺɷǬ˱Ʈ˳ǰܿ۳һΣǹȡ
Сȸͨҵ뷨֪˵ʲôһ㽫ǹƸȫչ¶˳䲻ӶʱһƬɭĿֲϢҺɶһ
΢΢һָָ˸ˮϵǸһвƵĿ˵ǸС
СȵĻһأǰˮеˮ۵һ˵ϡ
һ̣Ŀɿڴ鷢ˣˮֳһޱȾɫͨһ˵ϣ߶µ˵ɡ
Ͻٴκȵ
һ䣬ˮͻȻƮɳһɫϢٵ۳һɫӰûһŮģ£ͷɢѪһӻ棬촽ûˣ¶ѩ׵ݣģһֲ˵á
һˮϳˮֱԱһᣬֱӾԵ˵ϡ
ȶ˵ٴλһɺɷŮһҺŮʱû˶ȽžٴǬ˱֮С
䣬ЩܹȣЩǲܳȵģΪԹ̫ֻźˣɢҵҪȻһֱȥ
ǰֲܱȵģֱȽˣһЩС
еĹ˵Ǵ󲹵ġ
йﲻϹϢгɹɼĴá
֮ҺܿߵˮߣѾͷһ챻ڵĲᣬ弫ȵԵǹһ뿪ˮܿ˹ȥ
ߵˮ֮󣬵һÿˮ㷢˿Ĳӡ
źһĲϿտҲûҵҪĶ
԰ˮĹأһʥаٹĪ֣ⶫˮϣ޽ɱ뿿֣һˮϵĹûˣұ֪Ϊʲôᱻˡ
ˮȽ⣬ø෴ϵ̫أһѹһ£ˮǼ֮ϵ̫أ׾йһûйϣͻ졣
ҲŸ˵ġ
СѾͷҲǴģȻ𶼸㶪ˣײŹ֡
ҲͽΪʲôղ¥ôĹΪܶﶼˮˮĹֻһУĹֲ뿪ȫۼ


2169 
˿ˮģоͦζģߵʱ򣬽ˮиңȻҲүүˮĵһ֮ҲûиһйӴ
үүҲǸִҸˮŵĻƣ̲ʲôˮһ˲Żôġ
ЩҲһֱڽϱǼҵҲûйעŶҵ֣ǾÿǷˮǼ̫ˡ
̾ϢһҴһѦҵҩ裬ſˮС죬ҩ˽ȥҩǲģЧܺãұֽһע뵽ˮ֮УĹˮתˣ۾һİ˶ߣʱһǾŵС¹һŲ£ֲ̿˵㡭˭ôҼ
ˮ㲻ʶôСŸ簡߸ڴСŸ磬СʱСŸ绹Ҿ͵˵
һ˵Լ֣ˮЩɻĿۣͻȻͱļۿһ죬ͿæλƵߵҵߣһץסҵĸ첲ſǻ˵СŸ硭㡭þúþöûмˡЩ궼ȥˣҸϷصʱ򣬻ȥҹ㣬һֱڼҡҲ֪ȥ
˵˵ţˮѾͷȻҪ
ԴСʱһУ˵Ǹ̻СѾͷڳˣԽƯˣߵϣСŸϲ
ˮЩ˼һЦղűģȫˣСѾͷ߰ʱǸСӣʮģһ仨ٹ֪꣬ж˧ƨɺ׷ء
СŸ硭ôҵҼģʱˮ顣
СѾͷ˼˵㣬ǸȥˣǲǶ㲻ҪǹժôأϽǹҹϡЩ𱸵˵
һ˵¶ˮ϶ʱֳһ˿ְģ˵ǡǸˡ
ʲôһˮ⻰ҲͱǲһˮôʲôСʱ㲻İǹ룬㱣Ķûûģ
Ļˣǹ𲻹ܹˮһʮķһֱ䱦ƽʱóãСѾͷƬӳˣȻⷨˣһ޼֮ǮŻŵĻܱ
ҷˮѾͷȻӵĿһԵСţԺӷôĻʲôҿˮѾͷͦɶµģ˹𣬿϶ʲôԡ
ˮǿ޵ĿҵĶʱһƽһ飬ٴ˵ˮղЩˣȥǹ˶ǮСŸ绨ʮļǮǧŪˣˣ֪
ˮֻǿ࣬һ߿һ߶Ҳסĵͷ
֪Ҫ⣬û˹ûģҪְҵң㶼ڶ糿СŸĺòãҵ
ˮֹͣ˳ǽ͵СŸ硭ҲҪҵǸģΪˣ˺صĲѾûǮβˣҲŽˣǮ迴
˵ҵľˮôɵĺӣҲͽĶ͸ˣ̫żˣǿοСŸˣȥĸװɣĲа취ܹҽκá
ˮ۾ʱˣһٴסҵĸ첲˵СŸ硭κã
ҪʲôֻҪ̫أҶ취κãһβһѻβκ֢⡣Ц˵
˵ǸȻѦСߺһҽͨĲ֢Ǽ˵Сһ
ˮæվӣкǸȥҪȥĸס
Һɷ׷ţ˳ȥһţͿֿվſڣڽĵǡ
ˮѾָˣֻӻЩһ˳ֿʱһ㶣ˮˮһְֿ֣һʱĲУˮˣĺˣ
İɣˮûɶ⣬ϵණѾˡɺٺһЦ
лл̫ллˡҾ˵ҵ׼ûСֵܣ治֪ôлˡֿĶ֪˵ʲôˡ


2170 һһ
ִ磬лĻͲ˵ˣҲӦģǰչǣôҲûаǼʲôʮΡ
˵һһתֵˣҸղˮѾͷ˵ɩˣȥƣ˵ܰʲôæ
һ˵¶ֿٴι˳ݣεɩëˣԴˮû֮ɩӾ͵˷ʪԹؽףʮأ⼸ˣȥҽԺȥҲôãǰѾϰ࣬ڼҴˣΪʱ·Ѿѣֽȫˡǰˮ軹Ų⼸ͻȻͻԲˣ͵ҽԺȥҲûвʲô˲ǮĻһҲûʣ£ҲһöûУҲ֪ˮﵽǵʲô
ֿ˵ҺʮΣæ˵ɩأȥơ
أǸ˵ֿ㽫Ǵһҡ
ҵһžͿһŴһŮˣ㲣ɫƣһ
˲ʹۣˮĸ׵ϿȥҪˮĸûиʲôණһۿȥûпණͣˮĸ׵ϣȴˮĸ׵Դһ㵭ĺȻǱʲôֽš
ҶܹķӸһ۾Ƴߡ
Һɶһֱۣӳˮĸ˹ȥߵˮĸߣϸۣüͷһ֮󣬲ŵͷ˵ȫԶ϶ɩǱ˶ֽţѾ˸ˡ
Ǳգ˿϶ģɩӻɻ
ǻȫˣһһǣûпĻԷõڲջһСţ㻹ǲǵȥʱ򣬻ռҵ˰㣬ұʩչһݺǵǸļһĻǸˣ˲û֪ӶԽ˹Ȼǲҵˡɵ
ȻǵãռҵĹӸɵģû뵽ϳǻǲԻ֮أа˻ͦࡣЩ޺޵˵
ѣֻһЩСֶΰˣ΢˶ʩչֻҪܹҵʩչаˣܽǻǸջɩӲŻĿǰ˵ûʲô취ġε
ҿһ˶ʵͽģ˭ĳ˴Ȼһؼ˶ϷŹҸ֪ˣҿ϶Ĳ
Ƭ̣ҿֿʵִ磬ûʲôֵ˵ɩӣ
ֿϸһ£ŵûʲôˣֻҵͬɩǰͬ£˰
˵ֿЩ˵СֵܣɩӾզˣĲܲκã
˵ʵɩϵĲ֢ѣҸҸˣʱ䲻ɩӵĲͿɻָɩ֮ԻԲѵԭ򲢲ΪϵĲʹǱа϶ֽţǱҵǸʩչа֮ˣܾȻɩӵִ磬ϸ룬ûʲôʲôˡɫ
ִʮ־ᣬżѹҵĲУһŵСֵܡʵ벻ҾһصλСְԱʵˣһֱڿҿҵĹҪʲôҲûлᰡ˵ֶаˣҲӴϡ
СŰҪִ̫ϣҾӦѰһͻƿڣˮϵĹǹؼǱʲôˣкܴĹͨ˿ûʲôǶŵˣһⱦ϶ʶġѵ
ʱҲſˮ˼·Ҳ԰ˮĹ˭ߵģ
ǡһͬͬѧź÷Ǽ죬ź÷ͻȻͿϵĹ˵ʮϲһǮҪҵĹЩ꣬ƲǮˣֵŻǮҾֻнź÷ˣǮ迴ˮ˵
ź÷Ĺϵô˽𣿡ʵ
Ǻܺãһģ棬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻϵĹȤôߵļǮҲûа취ˣֻȾҪ֪飬СŸ硭һҪȾ谡˵ţˮۿֺˡ
ģ˿϶ȵģСŸܵˡն˵


2171 ؼ
˿Ǹź÷ӦЩϵȴź÷֣СѾͷƬʲôӦò֪ĺô϶ָʹġɵ
Ǻã²˳٣ھͶȥƣ֪Ǹͬѧź÷ļסʲôط𣿡ˮ
֪ˮȴҡҡͷ˵ҡҲ̫Ҹź÷Ĺϵһ㣬ûȥֻͬѧ˵ˣź÷ڼȲְһҲסһ𣬶ǵһź÷ĸĸǰ½Ѹ̣ĸĸҲ齨˼ͥ϶ź÷ôġԣź÷ǰѧУǳѧʦƽʱǸź÷йĽӴ
Щ鷳ˣˮ֪ź÷ʲôطȥ
ˮĸ׵ӣȻѾֲ̫ʱˣ壬ʱһ˿϶֮ǣʱϸ󲻵á
ҳƬ̣ȻˮˮϵѧУ꼶Ͱ༶һ£ʣµԼȥͺˡ
ˮ˵ͷ㽫֪һжҡ
ʱɴŻֱֽ𽻸ˮֿɫŷǴϣһҪţˮϵĹȻѾˣûйķˮɻܹһЩЩִɩҲҪϣֹЩʴʴù˵ͷߴ󲡲ɲġ
ֿʮ֣صĽӹеĻֽлм㡣
ǽűǱǸŮˣҪȥѰź÷䡣
Ҫߵʱˮ뵽ʲô飬ͻȻ󺰵СŸ硭һȣͻȻһ顣
ʲô¶æʵ
軹ûвʡ֮ǰź÷Ҽһˣ˵ȥ裬ǻһСƻģƻԹˡź÷֮ûñﲻܶˡˮ˵
ҲһǳõӦһ˵֪ˣȻٴˮˮûл֮ǰ֮ǧҪţЩĹ㣬ĻֽһãȥĹһ
лл㡭СŸ硭ˮվſڣЩĿңɫʮֲ԰ףϧ֮У߰ûСѾͷϲˡ
ҵ˵ͷߴϽݴţȻɴҴҵ¥ȥ
һϾɵС棬ɱ˵ź÷ѾͷǸؼǱҪҵУ֣üĿ𣿡
ϣϢͨ޷صڣǹܽϵ飬صȴʲôԲõ¶鷳սһء
˵ţұֻսһ绰ȥֻһ绰ͱͨˣû뵽ǣӵ绰ľȻǵӡ
Сֵܡֳ绰¶ôֻιһӾҵ
û뵽ôȡսΣԼõֻɵˡ
Һûʲô̫Ҫ飬ЩС¶ڸʲô
ڿһ飬һ£ϰѵ绰˵ţ绰Ǳߴ˽Ų
ʱֻ㵽սУЦ˵˵ɣСţ϶¶鷳ңɶ¶
ûʲôҪ飬ҲһСŮסַǸСŮź÷ĳĳѧ߶߰ѧĸ죬ڸסһͨɳĹϵҲһŮϣҪȷеַҲסĵطҿżɽ˵
ǱߵսƬ̣ٺһЦ˵СŰɲҪôСĹﶼµȥ֣ƿδꡣ
ү¶𳶵Ҳ飬ʮ֮Ϣɫ
ðɣԵһ£ϸɳȡϵս
绰ʱҺͳСص˳ϣڳϵƬ̣ս͸һסֱַӿ˵ӿ˰Сʱ͵Ǹڡ
һϾɴĳд壬ʮƾɣչǸдãҽ˸طͣ㰴սҵĵַһ·˹ȥʮӵӣҵƺţҸطȻԼź÷̵ļš
˭
û£Ժﴫһϵ
ãź÷ź÷ʦ˽һҷáҵ
˵䣬Ժűˣǰһʮ̫̫ӣһĿңкǺ÷ʦ


2172 椵·
˼ҵк֮£ҽź÷סԺӡ
һ̫̫һ۾ң˼ȻǺܺãЩ׼˵ѽ̫Щۻ軨ϲ׼ˣǰ÷İλҷãҼǵλʦʹһЩС㿴̫񰡡
ԭź÷İļʱ⡱һ£ֻԱƵĸоҲǾ˵ģܿЦ˵˼ңź÷ǰİȥİˣ°Σ˽
̫̫Ȼӣ˵ϡԭǻʦҼҺ÷СͲߣȱٹ̵̣ܽҲôӣҼҺ÷ʦˡ
ᡭᣬ÷⺢ͦģǲ̫רѧϰҼǵýҲ˹Σ÷ûڼҵ̽ʵ
˵䣬Ǿ߽̫̫Ÿҵˮҿ̫̫·Щ̫㣬Ǳٴһź÷
̫̫˵ź÷ڼң˵ͬѧȥˣҪŻؼҡ
ҿһʱ䣬ѾϾŵˣһŮӻؼң϶ԣСѾͷǸŮӣһУĸ͵Ůӣؼҵġ
һ̫̫ź÷ȥĸͬѧˣ̫̫˵֪˵ź÷ȥͬѧʱʱ˾Ͳؼˡ
ãҹƴ̫̫ҲʲʲôȻź÷ȥǿ϶ҲǱĻԣź÷ȥֻԼȥˡ
ұǱ̫̫뿪Ǽң̫̫ҵſڣЩ˵ԲסʦҲûʲôдģˮûüȡ
û¶ҸϢ˵ұԺţȻ뿪ͬ
ںͬڵλãѾҶʱһСţҵ𣿡
ûУź÷ڼңǼҲˣȻ˵һƶϴǼͥҲǶôԣź÷Ǹˮ黹ܽ͵ͨǮҲںǮϲʲôʲôǿź÷סĵطеĲð裬ԾͲʲôǮˡҸ˵
ҿдҲ˲ټأֵطӣҲǱȽҵһطһЩͻͷȽ϶һЩ϶Ҫ鷳սˣȡһ¸ļأź÷ʲôطˣֵʲôط
Ŀǰ˵õİ취Һ߳д·ϣұٴθսһ绰ȥ˵ǰ㣬鿴һź÷յȥ
սİЧʾǿ죬θʮӣսһ˵绰˵ź÷յȥһưɵĵطǸưåСȽ϶࣬ʲô̫ڡ
û뵽һʮСŮѧϾȻȥֵطѧǻ붼ȥģѧǻҸɶѡ
µҲֻȥǸưȥˡ
˵绰֮սָܿҷһƬƬһ֤գСѾͷʮۣȴһľͷЩѱ˵СѾͷӲĻԡ
֤գҺͿǸʲôưɡ
һ߽棬㱻Ǿưֵ쳳Ķۣ治֪ôϲֵط
һȺŮǿħ裬Ƶġ
ưĵƹһֱ˸ĳҪҵһ˲Ǻ׵顣
һƬһĴѰңʮӣԼвſһź÷ЩƵŮֻŮ˿ŨױĨǷ͸һëӵģΧţء
һʾһԵƬ̣ҹȥѾͷǲź÷
òףҲż˹ȥյǸŮߣУҳŮǽź÷𣿡
ҵСŮܿע⵽ңһֲмĿɨһۣʵ˭
ǲź÷ٴȷϵ
ǰҸɶź÷Ƴһ۵
ؼҡ˵ţһѾסź÷첲Ҫ⳶
ź÷ߣһ˦ҵ֣Цһô˭壬椵·ǲһ
ôͳ˴أôô
һ£ٴһץסź÷ĸ첲˵ߣҽȥ
ź÷Ͳߣߵļʱˣ׷׳Χ£˹ﻹ֡


2173 ˺
ô˭ϽӵӶĲͷôһȾëļһһֳ˹ֻ΢΢һΣ˹ȥëһգԵ˵ϡ
å죬ҸͲмһˣһսûУĶȥǡ
ȻСëȴɲģһ֮󣬺ܿת˹Ц˵ѽôӣ
ëһкߵļȾŸɫĹ̥ͳ˹²ֶˣһֻץź÷ĸ첲һֻҿӵʱ䣬ǼһֱҼӣȵ˵ϣһȫҴȦˣûκλֵĻᡣ
ץŵź÷һʮСѾͷֳ棬ŵˣ߳ưɡ
ưȾ¶һʼҲвΧۣ߳ȥ֮һбָ
ź÷һֱſڣŷӦ˹Щֵ˵塭㵽ʲôˡ㲻Ҫ˺ңһһѧ
㻹֪һѧôСֵܵط棿ŭ
塭Ժ󲻸ˣͻؼңҰɡź÷һֵ˵
ԣҪشҼ⣬ʵʵĻشҪȻҿɶ㲻в
úúáʾˣ֪ʲô˵ֻҪ㲻˺ҡź÷
ҳɨһۣưſ˲٣в㣬ź÷žưһԵһСͬ˹ȥ
ź÷ң塭ʲôҺú°
£ģҶôСûȤҲͷ
塭ûǮҾһѧź÷ֵ
üһСѾͷҵɽٲƽɫ޳ܰˣҳôô
˲Զһ߸棬ɿĸ첲ź÷Դ΢΢Щ
ҿ˵һˣ϶ʶˮ
ź÷̧ͷңæ˵ͷ˵ʶʶͬͬѧǻǺùء
Ѿͷ˵ѻĹһӦıͦǿģˮûоǵĹϵжá
ҲûнǼʵȻǹϵôãΪʲôҪ
ź÷һ㶣ҵ壬ʲô˼ʲôʱ򺦹ˮ
ź÷ЩɻͳԾװģˮ֪飬Ůеһ֪
ˣұʵˣȲ˵ΪʲôˮŵǸ𣿡
ϲ£ҿźÿԾˡź÷ǽҵˮļˣЩû֮ǰǰˡ
ɫһ࣬СѾͷùԹҲʲôˣң϶ûкùӳԣʵңˮһǮǴŪģ
˵⻰ʱҽϵɱͷ˳ɱһܹܵסģڸܵϵɱ֮ź÷֮ٴγ˾֣⡭ǮҵġҰҵġ
㻹ѣҶʱˣһȭͷһǽ˹ȥ֮䣬ǽ汻һȭһӳмɽŵź÷˳ʱ
塭˺ҡ˵ʲô㡭ź÷˵
硭СӣղžڳﵷңǣӸˣ̫ˣȻڱĳ¶
ź÷ϾҪ˵˭ָʹˮĹʱ򣬸ղű˵Ǹëʮδ󺺳߿ٵ˹
ͷǴͷԴϻһ̣е̵һԴϻһֻɽͻʮֱ뺷һŭĳ˹
Ƴһۣʱջĺܣؼʱ̾ȻңҪйкˡ
ôģѾ֪ư˭ĳôȻ¶ǲǲҶǸ˳ƺΪļһţ˵
ҿûһֱۣӴ³һ֡
ʮ׳ղŰǸë±ˡ
ҿʲôҲ̫˰ɣ
ղС˵ʲôû塭翴ңϵĺⶶ¡
磬СӸղôë
ȥôģһƾͳëϣŭô˵ô죡
ëİһӶһԡ
Ǳһѿų˹һߣһЦǶţȰղ˵Ǹ֣Ҳ˵һ
ˣҳǱɭȻЦ


2174 ǹ
ϡȥвģǱɫһеĿһ¾ͳ˹Ȼ׺еĵҳϵҪµʲô֮ͽҲ֪ɱҪġ
ĵҵϣѾһųű˹ȥһ˱ؿϣǱһ¾ͱ˳ȥӿҷ˺üǱԲסһţŵصʱԴ˹ȥ
СӸҴ磬һϣһƬк˾ͳٴ˹Ҳ˻Щ֪ĹƤƣһ֣ĴĽʱͻȻð˳âҫԡ
һ¶ЩҪߵļһʱŵȫһ׷ͣס˽Ų
ȻСеĽǴðģһ˳Ծ
ҿ칦ܰɣ
ԣսߡ
׹Ƭ˰ɣ¹˭ȷŷ˵ղǸֵ
ⶼŲǣ
ˣַֻųռУһǬ˱ңСȴǬ˱ƮɶվҵߣʱСȿɲǸ޺ģһ԰ףѪǵڵСģͻȻͳ˳УЩ˹΢΢һЦ֮бѪ
ЩĿסˣšգۼǵȻһգǸҴȥı磬ǶܲˣֱӾͶ˵ϡ
һзĺܿ죬ȱЩ˶ܹˣߵź÷֪ʲô飬ֻǿҵӵľ
˵ʵ治Щͨ˶֣½Ǹ϶Լ鷳СȳǸߣҲʡ¶ࡣ
ȻСȵĳ֣ҲֻбȺܹվߵź÷ǿģҹСΡ
ź÷ȴ˴ðĽ꣬˵ѾʮԽˡ
֮һ֣âǽջ֮Уٴοź÷
塭㡭ǹҪҰԩ޳𡭡ź÷ٴβ
ҵȻˣҳģǻǻصԭǸ⣬һǮˮǮģҵ
ǡǮǰϣոҵģȥˮ𣬻˵ˣǧǮģлҵģԣҾȥˮһʼˮϣ֪ʲôԭԸ⽫ˡź÷˵
ȥˮȥˮĸףôһ¶ͱʵ
ϣȥģ˵ȥˮңһĸף˳ˮһ¸飬˵ˮͻˡź÷ֵ
ϣջʲô飿ʵ
ź÷һ£˵ϣջ˵ˮĸףô߼ȥͷôʱһЩ֣֪ϣոʲôãżȥͷҲûʲôǾˣҰˮĸ׵ͷϣյʱϣԵʮָˣʱٿǮ
ź÷ıָʹֻû뵽ǣָʹź÷ľȻһͬѧӦøź÷£ѵϣյıָʹ
˵һѧĺӣӦûôصĻһŵ֪ĺôҲûʲô̫ô
˼Ƭ̣ٴοź÷ź÷˿ѾŻˣæԼֲ˵ҲЩ֣ҽˮͷϣû죬ˮҵң˵ҪңҾ˻ϻϣոҵǧǮһһǧҪĻھ͸ˡ
˵ţź÷㿪ʼǮֹǮðɣһ⣬֪ϣյļסʲôط𣿡
ź÷صĵ˵ͷ˵֪ϣչյʱһȥǼҡ
ǺãھʹȥǼңҵϣգһؼҵģ㿴ҵ
ãҴȥź÷ˬľʹӦ
ұź÷߳ͬߵǱεıߣҵͷһۣؿڻţֻ˹ȥ£һǱϣǱʹȻűǴصĴϢĹһߵֵһ˶û֮һľûӰ
Ҵź÷ưſڵɻϣ˵һɵ˵ͷ˵߰ɣҵСӣ¶͸һˡ
ҵͣ·ߵĳź÷ָ·һ·нɳ۶ȥ


2175 һ
ڳϵź÷ЩţһֱڳﲻͣĴȻ󻹴Ӻҵ塭㿴Ǯӣ⳵ȻʶʲôӣҿһֵǮ
СѾͷƬӣ㶮ûͦ࣬СС;ͳϹ죬һڼһˣһиʧϵ˶ûУ㻹֪Ǹѧ𣿡û˵
ȥҼˣź÷Щŵ˵
ȻȥҪȻôҵ㡣һ߿һ߻ͷһź÷
ź÷ʱЩС˵塭ܲܲ̽췢飬岻á
ʵʵĻȥѧԺͲҪϹˣҿ϶̡ҵ
ź÷ҲǸТ˳ӣҲ㻵ЩˣļͥĪĹϵ
ź÷ӦһǴӦҵ
ҽӿķɿ죬ܿͿϳ³ֿһξ룬оܶʼЩƧʱڳϵź÷Ÿָһط˵ǰһϣվסڱ
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˸طͣ˳ӣź÷һȥϣգź÷ȴ˵СһߵСҪбȷϲС
һֲź÷֪ͨϣǹ϶ɣ˵˾ˣǲܴŽȥĵǱС
Һһ£ź÷ڳȥϣСӡ
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ź÷СѾͷæͷ˵ԼԲܣҲϣ˵
ߵʱһֻҪ˹˵һǻٻҲΪԷһ
ź÷Ҫϣסƺ֮Һڱ˰Ȧ˸û˵ĵطֱӷǽȻź÷ƺţһ·ҵϣյıſڡ
СһȺŶÿҶһܴԺӣܹסһС˿϶ǷǸ󣬵Һߵϣյļſڵʱ͸դԺһԺӵﻹһֻǹƺҺɵĶ㳯ߵͺֻǹûп֮ǰҺæ˼˿ȥ
йôȥε
żа취˵ţҴǬ˱һװװǻȳóһ˺˰װǻһЩҩֱӿԺӣǴǹ˹ȥ
һҵĹ⾰͸դȥƵʱ򣬷ֻǹѾſڹԱ߲ˡ
ҺһֱԺǽǼԺС԰֮Уʱ򣬳Ǽһһ¥ĿŵƣӰ˸Ӧһڿӡ
Ҫſ߹ȥʱȴһסҵĸ첲С˵ҶԺﲻӦвʲô
ǰɣ˼ңЩҺ
򵥰ǼԺķˮȻǻһЩ˼ûĻҵӦеˣǻСһΪɾĳܿ
ܿʲô𣿡ʵ
࣬ſڵĻǰӦͷǣõģûʲôΣǿһԺãǷģһߵǸطͻð㽫Сȷų˵ɵ
һǬ˱ңСƮȻָŵǸƮ˹ȥһǸطǻ֮б㻺ðͷɢŮĹСȵߣ˵һЩʲôСһ֣㽫
СƮߣС˵СŸ磬ȽϿֻǵȼȽϵ͵Ĺ»ҰǱҵ˽ģһȥû峬˰ɡ
ҵ˵ͷȻɣֵûвã
ʱˣǹȥɡ
˵ţèſȥߵǽǵʱ򣬱˵ﴫ˹һŮ˵֣˵˵㣬⼸쵷𣬸ʲôƵģϽ˯ȥɣ첻ˡ
ٺ١СͲ֪˰ɣŪһȻʱ֪ɶ϶һʮķһμⶫʱҾ͸оɢĺȻ֮ŵˣٰʮ˵ǲǼ񵽱ˣһ˵Ц
ƶһҿŲҲզذղŮЩŵ˵


2176 Ǳҵ
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˺ٺһЦ˵ʲôٿⱦ˵ʵԽԽϲЩ᲻óȥˣԼҲͦõġ
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СＱʲôӸ¥ûãˡѹ˵
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Ŷԣҵ
ðУ˵䣬еľһΣ㳯һ䣬ұ㿴һЩüĿǰӵȷӣӦǸߣֶʮ΢ĩΪҲͱһصһͨĽ΢ǿôһЩ͸ǰۡ
ľҴ̹ʱҲܣֱָһ±סеľʹ˳̵ɫͨ죬϶˺޷ľƶ֡
Ƭָ֮ͻȻľǰһƣľʱ֣һײؿϣײĵ˵ϡ
ְӹڵ֮󣬺ܿؿ˼ʱǵ˽䱸ٴγʵ㡭Ǿ˭·ѣҲұº֣ҪȻǿ߲ȥţ
ҿǻǲҪԱ˰ɣ˵֮ŵ˿ӣҪʲô¾ʩչƣ㵽ʲô͡΢Цŵ
úúáǱҵģӵͻȻĶݺͻȻ˼ߵǽǴһ̨Աߣһ֣һ첼Ǻ첼֮¶һŹֵ˵Щ̫ȷУӦǸ̥һԴۣܴ󣬵ȴ˵ӣ͸һа
Ǻ첼֮ӱһһִ㰸һ㣬һִֻһŻֽһּ䣬ֽȼͬʱһȼˣ˫ֳ㣬дӦǬȼ͸ţڱƼùƳ֣ϳգɫַ׷ףӰ볯ţ
һգǼһﾹȻһյͨؿڣؿڶʱðһ̡


2177 
ȥΪ˶ԸǣСҲǹƴģһպ㶥ؿڵλϣð˰̣ܿǾŵƤⱻζ
⿴ʣҺ֪ǰλʩչʲôֶԲûйȥš
Ҿ棬жͣҪȻҲᣬʼʩչֶεʱһٰ˲㽫ŷڵˣʩչʲô۶ӡ
㶮ñȽ϶࣬ǰλɶǣҺ
˼﹩ɼңʵҲ㲻ʲôɣһЩľ֣Ѱ˵ɱǺꡢǡ⬡ߺ󣬿ǼҹӦǸ󾫣ѾЩ򣬲ҲǺܴ󣬶аоͲˣλӦ󾫵ʶչЩƣչֶҪǰλ࣬չʲôʲôǰλֻ󾫵ĵҲզأŪ˻У˵ˣصһ˾ʰ
ڸҽǰ˵ֶεʱͻȻ䣬ӽеһһ£ƶʱĲһˣģƺҲ֮ǰˡ
ǰһﱾݣü۵ģ˿͸Եаа˫Сۣâ¶׺쳣
ȷӣΪβ¹ѵ±ɳ֣Ҫǵһʮּϸ˵
Ще󾫰ˣװʲôͷ˵ƴɺͺ꾫ʱţֻͷһΣСţϿ˰ɣŵӣҿžЩм˵
󵨣Ȼ豾ɣɼʰǣ˵գһͳ˹ǵʱ򣬻һġֽ֨֨Уʮ̶ִ
һȷ棬󾫸Ǽһһ˫צӾҪվûŲ֣ǿٵĴǬ˱˷ʬߣʱһʬ߾ͳǼһ˹ȥ
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ҿܵȥЦţűͭסֻ˹ȥ˵һֻ󾫣ôо͸ҳΪϷ㣬ү춼ȥ
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СӲ֪˶ٻ£㣬ǵ±ӺúУĪҪˡ˵ţɾҪ֡
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Щ˼Ҳ֪˵Ǽ٣ҿһۣҲЩԥ
󾫹ûʲô£ֽ󾫸ĻɢĻȻͻᱳһЩǺǲЩʵףǧ֮ҲһֻܹгɾֵģȻŴԵȡǵ
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һ̣һٰ˲ߣֻ˹ֻ뻹ûвȥĶһߣ΢Ц˵̫̫ͱ¶ˣҲûãιֻҪûԼĶ


2178 үүҴ
̫̫ȻͳߵңŵٴμһĶ̩
֮Իֵ˳ԾΪҸղŻ߰ԶҲһ˲ĹҾ͵ߣٶȿƹȡ
㡭ǵҪʲôҪ˺̫̫Ҫ˺ҵļˡ̩סԼŵ
֡衭Ǹʲôأò˯ˣ˵䣬¥һ˯µĴк˯ۣû´ĻСӴˮƭ˹
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ϣջһ飬¥¿һۣ˲˹ôһ¶æתͷ¥ȥ
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ϣСȫɵˣͿſ̩֡⡭⾿ôˣ
㲻Ҫôǲأ̩ε
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ĶŭˣҪǰʰ̩ʱɽסң˵Сţʰżа취Ȱƽ˵
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ָҵȻ֪Ҿ͸һ£λǽϺųɱħ׵ͷϷɣ֪˰ɣ
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2179 ֻ
û룬β̩Һɵ֮󣬶˵ֱӱ㽫ǹ˫ַˣŵɫˣŹ˫Ҳڶͣ
Һɶһۣ΢΢һЦ㽫ǹн˹
λүĴôСļҪ֪λүҪֱкһˣСֱӸλү͹ȥǡ̩սս˵
ղŲͦţôⶫУҵ
ڽϻеˣĸ֪үүĴСλүָͷǾûˡλүߣСТǵģֻλүһС˵ţ̩æٴοͷ
òôϥǾֲʲôҲͼƺιֻȡԼĶ㣬ô֪ˮģҵ
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⡭̩飬ͷϵ亹ð˳֧֧Ĳ˵ˡ
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˵˵Сʵ̫õˣǱǼҵһŮź÷ȥˮｫˮĸ׵ͷȡһЩò˾лˮĸ׵һһǸ˻֪ˮĸ׳Բڴܲãˮĸ׵ĲأǼûǮĻȻͻὫң顭ضλүѾ֪ˡ̩˵⻰ʱԴ̧һۡ
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ҴˡСĴˡ뽫֮ٽˮĸ׵ĻǸŻȥ⼸һֱԼͽˡͽˮĸ׵ĻǸŻȥͷš̩ŵ˵
ǲóŭ
̩æ֮УĹ򣬱㽫һӸ˳ǰٴι˵ϡ
Ҵ򿪺һǺ˶İڷһˣڲ˵ϻһ˵Ĳ˼ͷӦþˮĸ׵ͷ
ʱֵ̩λүСϳǿһˮݣרŸ˿ˮаֵĻƣΪ˻ڷԣǰûôҲ̫ҪˮϵˣѲų²ߣаˣλү̧֣һΰɣԸΪµˮһҵǸǮǮллǣһСɡ
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㻹㶮µķݶϣεĿͷͲˣˡӣ˵Ҫ⳥ּҵʧô⳥ҵ
СԸóʮǮˮĸβ
ôļҵסŴղſԺﻹͣһĴ󱼣óʮǮǲеŰûĵ
ʮ򡭡ҳʮ򡭡ҼЩǮˣĻȥȡ͵ּȥٸּҿͷ֪λүΣ̩
ʮʮɣóɣڿͷͲˣһҪһ£ԺˮһҵİΣ͹ˣһСиʲôʧǾ͹ʦ𣿡ɵ
ܡ̩ظ
˵ţ̩æ۷ңóһƤӣһȫһһĳƱҲֱӷŽǬ˱
ǴˣҺкһ㳯űȥߵſڵʱͻȻת̩Ժ£Ҳ


2180 
飬̩Ժ϶ʵˡ
Ǿݻ̩֮ǵͷ˵ԺԲˣԼԴЦԽ͵˱ŸڴҺʡٷǽȥˡ
ҵ˳ӣ򿪳һź÷ʵʵڳں϶˯ˡ
һǻź÷ֱӣЩִٵĿһۡ
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ܿҾͷ˳ӣź÷סǸд忪˹ȥ
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˳д帽˳ڳϵȺҴź÷ҵķ˹ȥҽź÷һֱȫ͵ſڣСѾͷؼҰɣԺϲҪϹ죬Σյģ߰ɡ
ź÷˵ͷͻȻͷȥɫ΢΢һ죬Щ˼˵壬ǻټ𣿡
⻰һڣҵҲһ죬ʵСѾͷɶ˼
壬ղŴǼ˵ʱ˧㿴Ҳǻˣ㲻֪ھϲůд塭
ͣСѾͷƬӶʲô治ЩС춼ɶأϽؼңԺʵʵѧУţ˵ԺǻмĻᡣ
˵ţͻȻһ飬Ǭ˱һǮݸź÷ҿ̵ӹͦģЩǮţһҪ̣Ͻȥ˯ɣˡ
ź÷ӹǮֳһ˿ж塭ãҰְֶûжôùлл㡭
εҡҡͷ˻֣תٵȥȿҪ߳ӿڵʱ򣬻ͷȥСѾͷվĿҡ
˳д壬ҺϣȻųֱˮǼҡ
ˮǻû˯ﻹŵơ
ҺΪ鲻ô򵥣һ춼һ㶨Զˮ⼸첻Ҫš
֪һнչĶʮ˳СʱĹһȫ㶨ˡ
ͣ˳ֱ¥ˮǼҵţһţ㿴ֿˮվſڣһĿǡ
Сֵܣôͻˡֿʮָ˵˵
鶼ˣ˳һʩչСɩӺܿѹˡҵ
̫ллˡϽɡֿǽӡ
һȥ֮ǱֱˮĸסǼңˮĸһ㲵ģҲ˿״̬ȥˮĸ׼ֲˡ
ҿļʱҪȻˮĸ׵᲻
æó˴̩ȡӣ򿪣ǲ˴˳
ǲ֮󣬵˼»޳ػʦͯӣʦͯɣĪĪǣ˱̫Ͼ뷣գ
ϣŵǸ˵ͻȻֳһŰɫϢٵĴˮĸ׵֮Уţɿ첽ǰóһŶһ¸ˮĸ׵֮ϡ
ոջع鱾Ļǲ̫ȣΪ뿪ʱ̫ˣʱĿܣҪöĻǷӡڡ
ոЩ䡱һ죬еǸ޻ȼܿճ˻ҽ
Щ֮ɳһ˵ˣɩӦðСʱ֮ھܹѹ
ֿһʵͽˣҲ˵ֻһĳмĸǵлǵˮˮȥҺֱһˮ
λֵܣˣҪûǣһ˿¾ˡҲ֪˵Щʲôã֪ôǣΪ˸ˮβѾһƶϴʲôûˡֿЩ˵
ִ磬㲻ö룬ЩӦģžȹҵҪ˼ңĽ죬һУŸҵġϵ˵
Ҳøлȥˣû뵽˼ô꣬Ȼܹӻĺˡֿл
һ£ֿͻȻʲôСֵܣһֱףǼұֵַĹӣûеκˣΪʲôҪأ
о仰˵ĺãƥﻳһеΪˮϴŵǸˮˮķһݣһɶõķŵĻ˿ˣȻۺȣҪռΪУɩ֮ԱݺΪ˽ˮϵĹƭߡ͵


2181 ֽ
СŸ硭˼˵ź÷Щҿƽʱ˰ˮ˵
̧ͷһˮ֮ǰˮϵ֮ˮɫʮѿ忴ȥҲȵСʱȥˣˮȥ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲһЩѪɫ
ӦҸѦСߵǸҩԵʡ
ˮ̫ˣź÷СѾͷƬĶЩֻǱõһӶѣڱ󵷹ϣյĸ̩ҵ
˵ˮֿһ㶣ֿôǰҳʱҼǸ̩ͦһˣôẦأ
Ƕ̫ˣΪˮϵĹⷨȦȥǰϣ⻹ٵĹ㣬ҪǻķǺǿҪȻǧҲпܵġɵ
ˮֿ겻ѣû뵽һССôǮ
ȻʼգҲֻ̫֪ⶫŵģŵʦķŵʦҲֻΪƮȻȥԼҲ֪Ǹصʦʱȥûлš
ǸŮ˻е£ȻұǱȽϸĽһ¾龭̩ôӣʹź÷ȥˮĹ͵ˮĸ׵ͷˮĸ׵һһǡ
е鶼ԭԭǸŮ˵֮ǲŻȻҪǹô˺Ķ֪
һ˵¶ԾЩ̩СӣĲһͺһڣҪԱ߸ţСƢ϶ô׾ˡ
ҽǹ˳ݸˮˮԺţòҪ׸˿֣֮ξһܺõӣСŸ鷳Ҳʱʱ̶̿Ӧǡҵ
ˮн˻ȥ˵ͷɵ˵ллСŸ硭Ժ϶Сĵģ˿
ֻУܶʱ𲢲Ǳ˿һʮķЩߣֻҪˮ׾ܹܵɢĺȻ֮ɵ
Ļңǰ̩ǸӦ˹ĺȻ֮žˮֵģǹؼ֮ڡ
ҿɣʵûиõİ취
п϶еģҿڹֽţλ߼Ϣ˸о̫ϢȻ˸о̫࣬ЩȴȻʮη壬ɱˮѾͷȫЦ˵
ǾòˣھͲðɡҵ
ǣˮֽǹ𽻵ɵУɶǹۣ׼Ҫʼãʱ˿Ե죬Ǽ֮æתͷȥˮĸѾת˹
裡ˮ˷ܵĴһֱ˵ĸ׵Ĵǰ涣衭ˡء
ˮôˣо˯˺þáˮĸ˵
ɲ˯˺þһˣҪСֵܹ㣬ƾѲˡֿ˵
һˮĸ˹ͻȻһ飬ˮĸϻһֲʹǾǷʪԹؽףǺص֣ղҽȥˣˮĸ׵ĹؽڱεʮͨҽԺ
׻˵˾ȵף¶϶Ҫ鷳ѦСˡ
ˮĸǽԴϲʱҲˣϾҪҹˡ
£ұˮһҸǵִ磬ɩӣˮ첻ˣҺȻȥˣһ磬һٹһˣһλҽɩƷʪ˳㽫͹
СֵܣֵܡԹ߰ɣǵҸСݣպųһ٣æ˴ҹ϶ûԶֿк
ˣʱ䲻ˣɩӻҪչˣһ绹Ҫҵ
ִֿȥֿ㽫͵Сſڡ
ҪϳʱͻȻһ飬æǬ˱н̩⳥ּҵʮֽ˳ݸִֿ硭Щš
ִһ㶣æƳٵǰǼô࣬ô˼Ƕ
ŰɣⲻҸǵģ̩⳥ǵǮһȫңЩǮ㲻ʲôҵ
ǡҲҪСֵðɣ͵Ҷǵĸлˡִֿٵ˵
΢΢һЦʮӦõģҪƴˡ
˵ţֱֿС


2182 ԧ
ֿ֪װʮʱǱ൱ʣŵĲӸ˵ϣһžֲ˵⡭ôǮҴûмôǮ
ִͼʶˣǮŰɣˮҪѧ˴ѧ֮󣬻ỨǮ϶õϣɩҲĺܣȲκˣóԺúȵģӣɩ̫ˡҹе
ллллֿǸӣһʮĴүǣȻ޵涣Ҳ̹æǱֿ˳ӣֱҶȵķȥ
Һص˺ҶѦҩ̣ѾǺҹˣҲûȥˣԻ˯
ֱڶһ磬Ǿһ緹ʱ򣬲˵Ϸ飬ڳˣ֪ˮˣǴ඼ţϵͭǮŸҵġ
ӴѦСߣ֪ˮĴڡ
ʱ򣬴һﶼЩߣ˵ʰ̩ЩˣıƺĹҪȣҵźá
Ȼ˵ϾսĹϽΧһӣҲҪֳˮˮĸױ̩϶Ҫᡣ
԰緹ұкһѦСߣ򵥸ѦС˵һˮĸ׵ѦСܲܽˮĸ׵Ĳ֢ҽκá
ѦС΢΢һЦ˵ⶼСֻˮĸײʱ̫ˣι֮󣬲˵ͼӰָ֮жȫû⡣
Ҿ;ѦС߿϶ûɶ⣬ǳ԰緹ҺѦСߣųٴȥһˮ
ٴˮҵʱˮĸɫ˺ܶ࣬ѦСֻǼ򵥵ĿˮĸۣȻ˵ҪģǶǹʮֶΰˮĸͨ磬˲СʱĹ⾰ѦС߽ˮĸϵȫʱˮĸױѾԵµŲ߼ˣˮһ˶ʱϲ⡣
ѦСֽ׼õĲҩ˳ָֿ÷˵£ˮĸ׵Ĳȫָûʲôˡ
ˮһʮֿĵӣҲó࣬ûйŶҵи
ˮĸκ˲ֽ֮ҺѦСߵֻֿˮ˵Ժʲô鷳ʱҴ绰ҲңѦСߣҲһġ
ϵʽ֮һ˱뿪ֿңصѦҩ̡
ȥû죬ǿǣ˵Ҫȥһˣ˵Ҫ׼δյĻˣСһ˵δ޵Ļ񣬱һҸ˵ӦյģҪһʢĻ񣬵ʱǱȫҺһİɡ
Ѵ̼Ⱥһλûɵǵء
¶Ȼϲã˵죬׿϶ȫһ䡣
ǿδޣǶмʱѦС߻ʱ򣬱պİӲǳƯΪֵʱһûˣǿңǿ˵ɴϵŮҲţǿ赺ϵһԶ
յΪǿ֮Ҳδ֪
ڽϴԣǾ׵ֶ֮һǱǿˡ
ϵһǾסǿ
Ҳȷǹǿġ
ǽǿͳ˺ҶȣԶȥıӰʱͻȻĵ˵ǿСӿϷǱ׼ԧ䡣
Ƕһ㶣ʲôԧ䡣
˵ޣһ𣬼һ仰˵ҲϬһͨ֡
ȥذɣİչŵ˵
СӰŲţСǴ֮֮ǰǸˮ֮ⶼ˵ģӵ˲ҲǶôϡ档
кٺЦʲô
㰡һûɶÿġһ۵
ʱҲЩ಻סҵԵĿһۣҡҡͷص˵Ҳܸ㣬й¶
˵ţתƮȻȥһס
ʱ䣬ǸѦҩУҲûྲ죬ûʱգӱ˵绰˵ҲμĻ
¶֮ǰҲܲȥϾһ𳤴ķСȻڽƮѾ֮ľԽԽԶˣⷢСǲģҶҪȥ
ãҲЩûмС־ǿˣԺܹһҲࡣ


2183 ĺӰ
ʵЩСһֱʮֿǷ
һ𳤴˻˶ʮ꣬ΪС飬òʼУӴ˱̤һ磬ǿʼ룬ÿ춼ĵ֮Уʱ򶼾ȷѪ꣬ҲҸйĽӴܵҵĵ˻ʮǣӶǵҪЮҡ
ԣܶʱҲòǣܲӴ㲻йĽӴΪҽܲǻҶ
еʱڵõʲôʱ򣬱ȻʧȥһЩʲôʵ޷ı䡣
ڵõӵ֮붼ûʹӦ
Ѧҩ˼֮ұ㰴˵ǸӲμĻ
ũϼҵĻȽ¡أǴӽǰһͿʼæڴˮϯ˴Դһ٣ȻҲкܶ˹ȥæÿ˽飬ӶϲľַǷ
ӽǰһϣԼȻС־ǿ϶Ҳˣ͸ǿҲĸ˹λţģһ˿һͣӼҵĴſڣǸӳ档
ϣһȺ˾һ𣬴Դһ٣ò֡
һҲûٴμҲκ֮С
ϯ䣬һС־ǿǸߵ˺棬һЦ⣬ұ֪϶
С˵ԴϴΰǸ˶Ǽݺǵߵ֮ǵһһ죬ÿ˶кüǧȥ˳ɱ֮ģ־ǿÿҲָܷһںϼڱĵط࿪ҷֵ꣬òһ꣬ڳҲָտɴ
˵ҾͷֻҪܹĺãԼҲ̤ʵ˲١
λҲ˶־ǿҵǵһԱСһȥǵߵС죬ĿǰĶλ䶼СˣѾ̸ۼ޵䡣
ƺӵϲƣС־ǿҲԶˡ
С˵СŮѵʱһҸѧʱǸŮѣ˸˹ƣСʱģô꣬ӦôӵӰȫ˳
ڸǿ͸˵ˣǼƵ꿪ķˮõĸǿֱӴһӣһ͸ǿһȥϷʡ򹤣̶̼Ĺ⾰ÿ˶˷츲صı仯
һپƺȵĸп࣬Ҷܿģ֪㶼ȵеˡ
ڵڶӻҪȥڴӣҲûиҺȵ̫
賿һʱ˱ɢȥˣԼĴӣһﶼظңҸ裬ǿֱС־ǿ˼ȥ
Լڸ߸ڴϼҡ
һȵĶκ·ڻΣߵſڵʱͻȻסҵļʲôʱ飬⻰ʵе¡
ǰʲôʱܽ飿ܹӣԼûһ𰸣˶ҡ
û·ĻҸѾӣӶܴ˰ɡ
ھλүӷ֮еĺ֪²ѹһӶѹˡ
СѾͷҲҶȥ
˵ҪңȴҲһ궼Ӱˡ
ѵעҪ¶һƯڽ֮ϣ
ʵһЦûԼһ˻λƵľͻϼңԺźţһᣬԼĴϺ˯
ںȵľе࣬ҲûΪȥƾ⣬ܿ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪Լ˯ж೤ʱ䣬ͻȻ;һһһ飬Ȼһ۾㿴СվڴߣһƣС˵СŸ硭ˡС˵͸濴һۣһۿȥʱһӰӴڴһԺӵķȥҵľʱȫˣһ˭棬վס
˵ţһͦӴϷ𣬽˳ƶͬʱԸСȵϽ׷
û뵽ոԷ̾Ͳˡ
Щˣȵκܲ˵ľ˯ˣҲûСȳңһ뵽һ˴Ӵڶҿϰ죬÷ղҪң֪ôġ
Сҵк֮˲仯һɺɷ׷˹ȥ
ŽܿҲԺ棬Ȼʱֻǿһ˺ӰֱӷԺǽȻŸԺӵݶԼٶȳԶ񱼶ȥ
ٶȶһ֣һûзֱèһ㡣


2184 ҵ̫
Ǹ֣
ȴ֪ʲô·һǵˣɲܾˡ
ֻǿ˵ıӰһۣһһԺǽݼ֮ϣ׷˿첽ȥ
һ׷ܵľ͸ˣûͣ˼СȵٶȱһҪһЩһɺɷۿžҪ˵
Ȼ䣬־Щ̫ԾһصҪԸңôܾһˣʵһصЩ˵УƥܹŰ֮⣬˹ģ᲻ǶԷƽҴ⣬滹һصԱ׷ȥǾ˵˵Ȧף
뵽̸СȡϵͨԲ֮ڵĹҿûһصˡ
ӵҵ֮СȿٵͣΣ㿪ʼ˷Ĺ﹵ͨȷ飬һصҾҪ֪ͨҶѦҩ̵ЩֵǹԮˡ
¶һֽ϶СһǸ߸ڴ壬ҿɲһӵĸ꣬һصôɥĲĴڣʲô鶼ɵĳġ
ں治׷ţʼո˱һľ룬˲ӵĹ⾰׷Ѿ˸߸ڴ壬ʱСҲ˻Ӧ˵ûпκСȻЩﳯŸԶĵطȥ鿴һκη紵ݶӦ
¶ЩΡ
ˣ׷˵ֱӴ߶ٰ˲οȣһٰ˲ҵٶȱգۼĹ򣬱㵽˵󣬶׷׷ţѾҪڲԶƬСˣطͷ
ǰˣģٲͣҿҪɱˣŭ˵
ͷûлأǰӿٶӴܣһⲻаһͭǮʮöͭǮͬʱ˵°˹ȥ˵ķӦٶȺܿ죬һΣһٵĶһضҪǰߡ
ʱСͻȻǰ棬żɺɷ㳯˦˹ȥ
ǰж½أ׷崦ӣһٰ˲ٴߣһ˹ȥ㽫˵˵ϡ
ģͷ¶βҲû̫ĵ⣬Ϊʼնûнóֻһζܡ
ԣҲûжɱУѡƷ˵
ҽ˵ڵصʱͻȻһϤĴζڱǼ⣬Ƣһеҵ˫ֱסǰأʱһĹҵġ
ȥǸŮˡ
ҾǸŮ֮æɿ˫֣˳һѽָ
˴ֺʵֻ¶һ˫۾ҽֳʱ򣬲ɵôһ
ӡЩŵ˵
ʱ쿴ҵĿЩԹҸղЩ̫³çԵʣЩˣôڣְôʵܹһŮˣһֱߵġ
ӡ㡭ôЩ˵
ôһܹ㣿췴ʵ
ԡȻԡֻҪңֱӹĹǣα͵͵ģղһΪһصˣҪһô죿Щµ˵
콫ͷָ¶ٲһ㷢һ̣ǧˣһЩиɻһʱ俴Щˡ
󣬳ͻȻ߽˼Ҳʮף˴˶ܹܵԷĺؿڶҪˣ΢΢̧ͷҵͲ֪뵽ȴˣǸСͷ̫ˡ
ǰСѾͷڣ˯Ҳ̤ʵһЩǧҪԳ˵ͻȻȴֲ֪ôӺ˵ôͻȻĪ
ʵѾ㲻ֹһˣںҶȶԸʱұǸΧ˺ü죬ʱ˶㡣ֵ
ŶЩ׾Ӧһ
Ȼ䣬ֳҿһЩȻ˫֣һ½Ҹסˣһ©һģѡ
˵һ㣬㲻Ҫҵȵ̫ˡ˵ţͻȻԴҵؿڣҵ˫ҲһЩ
˺һ̽˫֣ĽӸ˻
Լ飬һ̣ҵ̤ʵģǱʶУΪĬ˳Ĵڰɣȴ黳ʼȫ¡


2185 һ
ұǰŮˣܽܽ
Է˫ҲĹסңҪ˴Էһ㡣
㣬Ҳ֪˶ãҵʲôûȥ룬ֻӵ뻳һ̳Ϊ㣬ֱ쳤ؾá
Զôֲĵˣ˶ȷѪ꣬ĳһطһֱһڵң˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ãǶû˵ǰ㾲վţ˴ӵ
ֱԶĴﴫ˼֮ҲŻعɿ˳죬Щ˵졭ҡ
û˵ڣͻȻϸָҵĴϣ̧ͷң˫ӣҳٵԨɥʧĵط
ʲô˵֪˵ʲôһһֱ㣬㽫ߵȫ꣬ĳһˣʱ϶ңǵȵͷˣֻҪһţҾһֱ㡣૵˵ţ¶һ˿Ц⣬紺棬ů˷θ
죬ȲңΪҲ֪Լܻ֪ܲҽҪԵʲôˣҡ
ⶼҪҪˣұһȥȪ·ֲûȥȥһαǣҪȵңҪߵ̫ԶͻȻݸһЦЦЩɬɿ֣һһȥһһ˵СŸ硭ȥɣǵżˣźܿǾͻټġ
˵У֮УһӰ
ĴѾ˱죬Ѿ׼Ҫȥӻˡ
ҿųԶȥķӣϻųϵζоһܾЩ̫ʵأ
һֱڶңصĺܺãҾȻһûз
˵ʵôһߣȷʵЩᣬߵ黹ܶ࣬Ҳûʱ䴦ЩŮ˽飬ٴοһ۳Զȥķ򣬱ص˸߸ڴ塣
һصûţԺӭˣһӺС
һ棬߶һ㶣ССţɶȥˣ㵱ȥء
Ҹղųȥˣ˵ôȥɣôȥƵ
ǶĿˣһ㲻˭ɣϽ߰ɡ˵ţ־ǿסҵļ򣬳Ӽҷ˹ȥ
Щ߰æ˴죬һֱĲɵӣԺǸֳϺͳһĻһֱʱ֣ų䶨ߵʱҸӰһʮǮĺǳעʱ򣬷˻鷿ĳ
ʵȫԸĸ࣬ҾܻӴֻ뻹ˡ
Ǳ߻ʣµһʱұ㰲ĵĴ˺ҶУЩ˺ϴ辭ɵЩֵΪͬʱ콣һС졣
콣ÿͻһУѶȻɱϵұǱһ֮ϣÿеʱҶ۵ƣͷ֮¡¡ƷȴǲһЩ֮귴ǲϳҲʮΡ
ЩΪ飬һʮģЩʱһЩ˵ΪѾ˴룬оԼΪȻθһأ뼴һصĻվǰҲеһϸߵ͡
ʱĺܿ죬һδ¹ȥˣǿǱ˵绰Ǽ׼׼ϽȥμĻеһж׼׵͵ǹȥˡ
û˵ֵȫѦСߺҲһǰ˻Ʊֱʡ
һ˷ɻǿԹǣǿһɫװ׳˸оʮ־˵Ҳǣ˷ϲ¾ˬСϾҪˣ϶ֵƨƨߵġ
һǣСӾͱ˹ӵһ飬Ǹо͸ǼʮûһʵǷֿһ¶
ǿƽ̵ĵӣǰдһۣͷǻЩϰߣСû˵һ֣˧ˡ
Ǽڳϣǿմ˵绰ǽһᣬһһһһĸζǼ϶˼ƤСǰҲƴʱҲܵһ
ǿֱӴʡɽһ߾Ƶشֱ泯󺣣ů
طˣ羰ȷһڡ
סƵ꣬Ƽ۸񲻷ƣؼСӻǶͳ׼䡣
Ƕ֪ǿģȻûһҵҲһ֮ǰ˵ҪվһʢĻ񣬿϶Сˡ


2186 ᲻
͵Ƶ;УƵ֮ڣǿһֱҵ绰࣬ƶͷˡ
һȺ˾ɰͰ͵š
ò׹˵绰ǿЩ˼˵Բסλֵܣһ飬鷳¶ر࣬кܶ඼ѲұΪУǾõˡ
ɣֲû͸ϱ绰ˣһһСĸΣжĵˣһɫѵļһ
ǿٺһЦƤϻҲֵܵĿԣҲû취ˣλֵЪţһҪȥ׼һЩ飬ϣרŴڸתתƣ߹䣬Ե㺣ʲôġ
˵Żǿĵ绰ͻȻ˼һЦȻ˵绰˵û仰ǿɫͻȻ䣬ŭ˵ô˵ʲôٸ˵һ飡
Ҳ֪绰Ǳߵ˸ǿ˵ʲô֮ǿըҩƵģʱ޷ˣ쳣ķŭֻ˳ȥˤһ۷顣
ǿˣǶһСզˣ˿ȮƵģǰСӿɴû˱
ǰʵǿʲôûҪǰæĵطֵǶڡ
ǿһҧгݵ˵үģˣӦգҪһʢĻԾʡĻ칫˾ǲãҪõһУеϸڣҺվĲ߻õģķ˲ѪǸӣһһȵ㣬Ԣ̣ǽôǸڹ˾ոոҴ绰˵ӲˣҪ֮ǰҸǮȫ˸ңҪˣ칫˾ͻȻ˵ˣ֮ǰѵѪͽ׷ѣ϶Ҳ᲻ˣ
˵ǿ̾Ϣһܻ˵֪飬¶鷳ˡ
û˵Ϊʲôˣһʵ
ǿҡҡͷ˵ûУ˵һˣҲûʲôɣ֮ǰĶҲ˫
ѽⶼС¶ڸϽϵһһ칫˾ճвˣ
ˣǰ˺ܳʱ׼ģǼһ칫˾Э˺ܾã»һҵĻʱϿ϶ð졣ǿ
ʵҲòŴٴ죬򵥵ľͦãСߺĻҲеͦô⻰˵һ룬ʱͱͣûҽ˵
ѦСߺĻͱˣúõһϽ˾֣Ͱǳ֮ϣ˺üˣѪɺӣԾЩ£ʵ̫ˡ
˵Ҳ֣Ǽ˲μ˭Ļ񣬶ֱʣôΪһħˡ
ӵĻǰȣûֳʲô۶ӳ
ҳƬ̣ǿ˵ǿż϶ԭǻ칫˾ͻȻ˵ˣҪһɣھ͹ȥǣȥҪһ˵ҪǺ˵ûУȻֵܼ϶Ĳ
У¶ұҪŪףھ͹ȥ
˵ţǿһкƨɶûаڰϣǿ߳ҳĺƵ꣬˳ӣǼһ칫˾ȥ
ڳϣǿԵЩ겻ɫ粻
ǼҲǿֲ¶֪ʲô칫˾ʲôͷǲǻеͷˡ
ڳϵʱҾ룬¶ǲһصڲ룬һʲôõ飬ҾͻһصǷȥ롣
ҾһصЩ̫ףϰģ񲢲ǵķҲ˵̫׼һصǲң˵Ҳһѡ
ǿ飬˾飬ѡһźߵĵطд飬ѦСסǸطԲʮ֮ڶûбĴӣʡص鷽ʵǿμǿҲ٣ʦɽƽ̿϶ҲҪյүүҲɽһһĸ֣ɽĴϡ
νĴϾƽ˻ֶΣȫᣬƽ˲ֶΣҲᣬһΪеĹؼ֮ڡ
Ҳ˵⴫ϵΪпɽƽ֮ϡ
λ֮⣬ȻҲвٸصμӣԼǿʶһЩϾǿڴʡϾҲǴŴ󻧣ҲС
ʡлҲΪ˽¡һЩΪ⺣ߵķ羰ˣȷʮ
ǿǼСһЩӱȽϻͰģĳһ飬϶ڴˣϼˮϯ˴Դȼ٣Ӳˡ
¶ͣǿͷ˵ˣ


2187 ڵһ
˿ٵ³̧ͷһһ¥ǰ棬һɫңɫдż֡ʼһ칫˾
һ칫˾Ҫһ˵Ҿͽ칫˾ˡǿ޺޵˵
߰ɡҵ
̧ͷһ칫˾ң˽Ųǻ칫˾Ĵȥ
һߵſڣǱ㱻ſڵһ˵˭
ܾôţһʱ쵽ǹ˾һת۵ĹͲʶˣǿб۾Ǳ
Բڣո˲ӣҪɡǱ˵
ոոҴ绰˵ڣǹأǿû˵
ǣĸոˣɡǱ˵
߿·ǿ˺ݵ
ǿִˣǱɫһ˵¶ǰɣ
Ҿǹ¶զأǿƵ
Ǳкһ̴Ӵ߳˲ʮſڣһԲӣű˳ǱĿӶ۲ϣ¶һƬ׶ƤģӦǸӳ˵ˣ͸ϽذɣҪӲͱǲˡ
ǿ𻰣ֱӵͷǰߣǱӳɫһһֱҪǿץȥǼվǿÿ϶Ц⣬Щɫһǿʰޱȡ
ǿķˣЩ˸ͲһģҲûȥæ˼
Ȼǿ첽ǰűһҺߣӾһƤһǿһƴ˳ȥǰȥʱ򣬶ſڵǶʮѾȫˣһֹ޵
ǿ첽УǽߵӱӳߵʱǿָһţǱӳڵϻʮףײһǽϣǱӳֱ˹ȥ
ǰ̨ļƯñǿƸȫסˣһֵŴͣһֶû˵жˡ
ҵţʮһӲĹ⾰ͱǰһ˸ſˣ⻹
˿̣Ǽǰ̨ÿ϶ġ
߹ʱ򣬻лǼǰ̨ô˸ڣһåģǼ˵Ĺȫˡ
ˣֱӳ˵ݣһ·˶¥
һˣڣǿ·ֱǳһڹ˾ܵİ칫˹ȥ
ⶥ¥֮ҲвְԱҲбǿǿɫǻʢŭ֮£Ƹʤûһ˸ǰסǡ
ǽӵ汻ıĵ绰ߵİ칫ң칫ҵžʹˣ߳һͷ棬Ű׳ˣǻкԶľ룬㳯ǿкЦ˵ˡǲ˼ղҽӴһҪͻ˵ҪţҪ֪ҿ϶š
ǿ˵Ǿֱټİ칫档
Ǽ˸һ˸ط
˰칫ĺ棬ǿ΢΢һЦ˵ʱû뵽ôܴ򣬸ս˵绰˵һ˾ͷŵǶʮɢĻѧȭ
˵Ǽ˲ɵȫЦ
治֪ǵʲôˡ
϶֪ΪʲôҺͷ˵Ļǰ¾͸ǹ˾Э飬ǻʼһȫȨӲˣܵøһ˵ɣǿѹŻ˵
ġԭǹ˾ĵˣ֮ǰĶǹ˾Ѿ˫˻ʲôʵĻѯʦҲԸǣǻʼһ񶼽ţ˼Ҳûа취һ΢Ц˵
㡭ǿĻʱٴð˳ݺݵһǰӣϱһӡľ֡
һվ𣬺һ㡭ʲôҪǸҶֵĻϾͱ
˵ţֻҪ绰
ʱչͻȻվߵǿߣļЦ˵ɹ٣ôĸλҪˣͲ˸˶ˡȳȥӣҰΣ
չĻǶվǿ˳ȥһת˵λʲôú̸̸
⻰û˵꣬㷢һҽУȻǡ顱һ졣
չǴѧģʱģǾǼ˵Уڵһ


2188 ״
Ǹո߳ȥûãչ˳һߣһ߻һ·ͣһ޺ı鿴ǣ˵Ҷˡ
ʲôǿæʵ
ǿӣܲңǵĻ˽غˡչ
غˣ˲ԡ
СʵˣǿԼȥʣұ֤˵һٻչ
ƿţȻͿڰ칫ԱߵԲ˵Ǹߵİ칫չ˼չٴδǽʱϵıдĿ־塣
ǿֱߵߣһĶ棬˵ģǲǿ˵˵Ϊʲôⵥ˰ɣ
ңղҲ֪չ˵ЩʲôǿĻ䣬æͷ˵˵˵Ǳˣ̫ˡ
ǻϽ˵չһ
˲Ѫ˵ġ磬λˣʡŶµĶӰ׿״үǴδ޹ģ˵ǰŲ߻񣬶ʱͦģ˵ҪлҪǾóһһҪĲãҪߴϣǹ˾ó˼Ƕ⡭
״үδ޿һ߻ùȥһ߻߻þδ޵Ǹҵʱ״˵ˣ߻ģҪлãǰ״ٸͲ͸˵ҪóļǮǣȡĵӡ״ʡʵǿֻ죬ҵ㶯ֶΣ˾͸ɲȥˡԡǾȡĵӣ˫ĶҲȲѰ
һԭôһ¶ǿĿһȻߵߣڵϵֻݸھôǸ״ٴ绰˵ĵӲˣӾ״ʲôֵľҡ
ǿĻˣͱˣ΢һ£ֿһվڲԶİչǲͨ˵绰һ
绰žһ˵ǵĻ׼ôˣ𣿡
ס״٣ĵǿǽӲˡ߻Ѿҹˣھߣ˵ʲôֵľ
һ˵״ٶʱͻˣŭ˵ðǲǲʡˣԷʲôͷȻҰ״ٵ鷳˵ֵվﲻҪߣ͹ȥŪ
ʱǿһеֻЦһ״ǰɣǿھİ칫ҵ㣬ÿôȲˣ
úúáô֣Ͼ
˵绰Ҷˡ
ǿֻһͷǣ˵缸һǲö֣ȫұǣʶʶʲô죬ΪмǮ޷졣
ǺǡǼǮܴٵʮ֮һûУקĶˣǾ͵ţܸʲô۶ӳвм˵
λ̯ϴ鷳ˡ״ټʡһָҴҵͨҰ״ҲǸӣȰǻǸϽ߰ɣһˡҲ߲Ҳñȡ
죬ʵšǿŭ
ŵһʱ㲻ˡ
¶˵ҲˣֲǿСӺΪ׼˺ü£޾ϸΪۿžҪлˣ·ͻȻɱһ״٣ǵĻ߻ǰڵŬһ񣬻һǸ缸ǰӣǿ϶Ĳ
ûãҲһСʱĹ⾰칫ҵű㱻һŸ߿ˣॡһ죬һŶ߷ˣ˹һԵĻһ֣㽫ɨһԡ
󣬴ſڻӿ˶ʮһĺüĿ⣬һͲƲ
Щ󺺺ģһźڳ̫ˣʮģ\ݣͷ˽
ղһŵͦ͵ģⲻһܹ߳ģԷӦС
һ棬ȫԾһЩǰ״ٵ˵ķȥ
ղһĸ˵һֵվ״ɨһۣЦŵ


2189 ָܹ
һֻ߰˸ˣ˾֮⣬ѦСߺǿˡ
ǰ״ٵ۾Ǽ˵϶ɨһȦ֮Ŀϣһ£Ľīժ۾ֱĶ
һɳ׵ʴڣĺǲʳ˼̻Ůӣ
˵ڵϿЩŮǣûһŮܹԽѰһľɫŮ۾϶Ųģ״ٿ϶Ǳòˡ
޼ɵĿ⣬ʱ˵ķУѦСߺһ
һϹһ׸硣
״ٵĿɲǿһˣˡ
ҸоСӹҲڵġ
Ҳע⵽ǰ״ٵĿ⣬޲ֻ΢΢ͷתһߡ
һҲŲͬѰ
ǰ״ٶԼǹʲô˵ġ
òջǰ״ɫһȵ˵ղĸҴĵ绰վ
ҡǿǰ״˹ȥƳȣ԰״ٴЩ˿û¶ӵɫ
⼸ˣһʼű֮ЩССĳԾ֮⣬ܿͻָɫøɶɶ˵ЦȻҲûн״ٷ
ղڵ绰ҹ״ٽе̫һףһо̬ǿ
ǰ㣬о㶼ġǿЦ˵
ãĺ֣ʡĵؽϣ˵˳ҵ֮⣬ôǵһ״ҧ
𰡡⹷Ҳˣ˶㣬񲻶ˣЦе˵
лһ䣬չžվװһʮֺµ˵ǿӡϻŵû״ٴôôҸûκιϵһǿɾǣɱһѪ
Ǽ̣״ǰ಻סˣŭһŮˣĶҺݺݵĴ򣬴ҵģ
һ£״ߵǶʮ󺺣ʱеĹ߷ӵʱǼûжϻͰչֻǿһǰһһΣӭŰ״ٴЩ˶ȥ
״ٴЩƦåʼһıǿ࣬ǱϾͨˣ޷ǿȣԶ׼ǿһȥһڴӭ泯ǰ˵ؿڴ˹ȥһ˲ɣӭļȫƷڵء
ǿʹŻҲƽʱ׺˼֣һ䣬߰˸˱ŷڵأǰ״ٶʱԲ۾Щ˼Ŀǿ
˲ϳǿӵϵʱҿǰ״ٵ۾һĨâͻȻһѶн͵͵ĴһٵĿǿ
ȻǶûж֣Ƕڳеһж۵ףǰ״óһȷе˵һѷⷨͨһһ㶼ǱϵϢģһʮϢҲֻܹ֮Ӧõߣ״еǰѶнʮԵķοϣ͸֤һ
˿ղһŽŸ߷ɵıǰ״٣֮ǰǲûиܵ״ߵϢҪ͵ϮǿʱϵϢ¶˳κܿ죬Ųȣֲ˵״Ǹӣɲͨӡ
״Ҫ͵ϮǿչЩ಻סˣſڱҪѣȴɸֹסˡ
ǿΪΣﶼһˣ⼸ҲǸǰ׻ˡ
Ȼ״һǿϴ̹ȥʱǿҲ˷бһһһ󺺣Լǰ״ٵǶнһ±Ǵ󺺵ĴϣһһԴǴ󺺷һ˺ѷεĲҺ
ǰ״ٵֶҲǲٵĳ˶нֳǿؿ˹ȥ
СҲݣȫҪǿ
ǿһΣ˰״ٵһһʱ˳ƻŵˣһ̣ǿһһ죬һϳ˳Ųһӭǰ״پͳ˹ȥ
˲䶷ʮغϣһʱѷʤ
Ǽ˲ɵֱӣʼǰ״٣СӲ򵥰ܹӴǿʮвܣѾǸˡ
Сӵֶʲô·ܿ𣿡ʵ
̫ףֶλԣӦָܹ㡣ɵͷ
ֹ˼֮ǿһʩչǽʱ佣Ӱܲǰ״


2190 Э
ҿ״ٶƵǿʼŴˣⲻѧ
˵չһɵǽƶʱһΣӰ֮ܲ£Ƶǰ״ٶʱˣǰ״ǿֵûȥУ㱻ǿһؿڣȻһŽǰ״ٸߵķɳ⣬ڵϹ˺üȦ
ǿһؽʽǰѳһ죬ֻص˽֮С
ȥ״ٺĶʮ֣ȫǿһ˸ŵ˵ϣֹ
һ֮ǰ״ٲŴӵվѪֹؿڣ˶нǿ߿һۣ˵ð˵ôôĵӣԭǸߣȻ棬Ӿú棬ôҵţ
һݻ֮ǰ״ٻˣǿڵصЩҲǱĴӵèһ̶˳ȥ
Ҳûȥ׷״پôˡ
ߵԭܼ򵥣Ȼ״棬Ǿͺúõ档
ֵԴӴӶǻѾ˺ܾˣûʲôԸɣǾͽ״ٸˣ׿״ٻʲôûʹ
ǰ״һ٣˷׷Ҫ뿪
ʱȫȦˣæ˵λ硭ҷȰһ䣬ǸϽȥɣǽ״ٸˣһҪֳɣ״ٺڰͨԣʡ͵ڵ˻λ緸Ϊ
ǿת˵ǵĻ𣿡
ɶлǵ˰״٣ϽȥŪûͱˡǹ˾ҪǽӣԺͱʡȥˡ뼸λ·
ܾܲлʲôʹ컰ܲܣչ
һչ͸˹һŵĻһ飬æá߶ү˭ﲻ𣬻ԾУмҪǳʲôӣҿɲұ֤
ˣ仰УֻܰǵĻ߻ھлͺãͲùˣұ֤߻Ļƻܼȥǿ
һ˱ҡڵ߳ʼһ߻˾Ĵ¥յʱͻȻһٵľԶĴ˹
һ⶯Ǳ֪Щ
ã״ٸģˡչ
ǰ״ҲǸߣЩص֮ƴ٣طֲϳǣһ䵽Щǿɳɲ޵ǵ˵
Ȼ棬ǾͽŸʲô;ʹǣҲõģҴ绰¶˽ˡ
˵ţֻӲ˹ȥ¶鷳ս壬ȫͿ԰ƽΪصԵлزŵһйزűϡ
ͨ˵ӵĵ绰֮ҽߵ򵥸һ˵˾λãӱӦһ˵ܿ㶨
ҹ˵绰ʱһȺԱ㳯Ŵ˽һԱ˹һ˵һǺһѪŹ¼йأЭǵ飬һ˰ɡ
治ϣ϶ǰ״Ǳ߸ĹҪͨٷֶԸǡ
ǼһûȻЩԱó˹
ʱһ֣˵λ壬ǲץˣǶù񣬴Ϊ飬˵ǶŹǸǶŹأ
һ㶣ܿ򶨵˵ָ֤ղž׶ŹȸЭ飬ͲǲˣǸҿϴߣ
仰һ˵꣬Щߵߣղ쵼ģֻæͨ˵绰һ绰ͷӲıվֱˣϹϾ˵֡ģһհ졭
ǡʧְ´ξԲٷƵĴˡ
绰֮쵼һͷϵ亹Ȼ˹ޱȺͰЦ˵Բ˼λͬ־ǸˣղڱپûиҶԸղŵǱʾǸ⡣
塭ǱٰǲҪ˷ѾӦϳͲǡҵ
ǡλܷģǾϢǿˡԲס˸λ˵ţ˳ǵ˵ͷЩԱٵĳ
ЩĿߵҲ죬϶صǱ߷ֱϵǵĴ쵼


2191 㲻֪
ͨٷֶΣ״ٲκεǣ·϶вͨˣĸһֱûôԹͷ϶ô׾ͷǣֲǽͷˣǾҪСһԴѪ
ǿͷ⼸
صǱߣѾԸ˵ӣҪ͸©ǵκϢصôܵĲţطɳֶûȨȥѯǵϢģֻȫǵĹ
״Ҫ֪˭ֹЩԱǣǸܵ顣
ϷԽԽ˼ˣǼ˵˵״˶˵ûκв޷ǾǸǵһȤˡ
ʵһЩģǰ״ٲǼ˵ĵϸ֪Ǽǽϵġס˵ʲô״٣ƾǰ״ҲҸǼΪѣĻͲˡ
ⶰ칫¥˳ӣֱӳɽǸ߾Ƶȥ
ʱҹĻ٣ɫ谵һڳ˵˵ЦЦŸղŰ״ٵľ̬
ǿСӸмĿǣ˵һ𣬾͸оر̤ʵµĸо͵İ״Ļϸ飬ƻ˵顣
ȴοԽǿ˵£״ٸҵңʹʺ趼ϲ
һ·˵ţʻһƫƧĺ߹·ۿǺ߾Ƶ겻ԶʱͻȻͳ˱ʣһԵɽͻȻһʯͷǵĳǰ档
ǿһɲ˵ӽһΡ
ǰˡǿ˵
ֹͣ˵Цǰ濴ȥʱ򣬷ڳǰʮ׵ĵطվһȺʿԼжʮ·м䡣
ҳЩʿһۣ״ǸƢô˹ԸˣЩʿ˵ܹϳ缸Ƥߣ֪˭ȥǺú档
˵ţұ㽫ƤߴǬ˱˳ַˣԴϣȻݲȵ˳ӡ
³ЩʿŻ˹
Ϊ׵һʿʮ꣬һѷǰ棬ߵղŴɽϻǿʯͷԱߵʱͻȻ̧һţǾʯ˹ȥǼٽصʯͷʱն𣬹ɽ¡
ǸһĽ࣬Żأ
λѣЩ̸̸ܷһ˵Ǹ˵
·Ȼ࣬Ҫ⹫·ϿĻȷǲ̫á
£ǿ˵ͷһ֣˵Ǻðɡ
߶ˣ˵Ҳ֪ǹҲġ
˸ȺŹ·Աߵһյ˹ȥ߸վ಻׵ľ롣
ţǸʮĵվ˳һ˵ƶԲ۵ɵ֪λʲô·ԱŰɡ
ǿǰһ΢΢һ֣ҪĽڻҪеģԱžͲˣղסǵĳǱȻ߲ƣ¶˵¶ľͲ鷳ˣ˵˵ɣǾΪ£
ãʹ죡ȻǶһ·ˣ˵ֱ˵ĺãղʦܰ׹Ӵ绰˵ǽˣƶסǾΪһ˵˲ܰ״ⳡӱҪһɵ˵
ðҸǻᣬһϣһǿ
üͷһһԸ㣬õһƶһ˱ɡ
Ǻðͽ̡ǿڿ˼ƣҪɵС
ʱͻȻһ߹ȥǿļС˵ǿӣɣ¶òɹ֡
СŸ硭㡭ǿЩɻ˵
ǿӣСĵɡ˵
ǿֻ΢Цųǰ˹ȥ
˭ɵʵ
㲻֪֪ĵɴЦ⡣
ôĿУ
ɵҼŭˣеķһΣƮ֮㳯˹Ƿ֮ϵأ˺Ŀ˿˿죬÷ĸҲֹһֶβ֪Ҫǰ˶١
κܿ죬ҵθ죬˲䣬ұ߶ٰ˲һ¾ɵ
Ȼ̧һţͳɵƨϺݺݵ˹ȥ
Ǽһ͵ǰ壬ͻȻǰҾʧˣ뵱ʱ϶ֳԾ
ҲأղŻվء
ȻɵӽԼĳͷ˳ȥʵʵĸһӵĵ棬ûпĵҲ֪ʱȴһɳӡ


2192 һϰ
һɵ㱻һŸƨɣŵأһɳӣòǱӵ֮ĹһۣЩãȻŽɳ˳ɳմѪۡ
ÿ㡭ղõʲôֶΣɵһ𾪵˵
ʱͻȻ֣ɵ˵©磬϶ǿĵš
ʲôֶ͹ܲˣҾĻǽСүΪֹҵ
ƶ˵䣬ɵٴξ˷һעٴγɱһҲûж˫ǰɵ˼С
˵ʵΪǲȽǼǸ״ǿ˲٣ֻΪڳļԶʵѦС߶磬ѦСʩչǲľ֮ǰɵ϶мܲסġ
ɵԵеҲΪֶͨΣ˶ֵĴˣȭšƴգҲɵʩչʲôֶΡ
ֻҪΪһ̶ȣʲôܹﵽƵеЧǰɵֵԸһоͽˡ
ҲǸʱ䣬ʩչһбȭһȭɵؿڣһεĽ˳ȥ
һΣ΢һЩɳȥɵڵֱ֮ӿѪһû
ֽзִ磬ֻǽɵˣԲҪ
״Щ֮УҲɵΪ΢һЩ˹Ҳǿ⡣
ɵɳȥ֮תֱӿǶʮʿ˵˼λǸʱȥϢǾͲҪһˣһϰɡ
ʣЩһȫһ˼Ŀңڲ²Ҿʲôˣб㽫ɵſ˲˵ҪڳǶʮһϡ
Ҳ̫ˣֹţֱǲ
˲䣬ҳɹŭЩԲ۵ĵһȫ˷ͳ
ǵһ˿Ц⣬ɵոյڵϵķһ̣Ҵ߶ٰ˲Ʈ֮䣬Բ۵Щм䣬ЩֻǾǰһұûӰȫһ㶣Ȼеķһ裬Щ̳˹ȥԷȫûʲôм֮Ƭ̣һҽŵ˵ϡ
˶ſµʱɵķѾҳˣմȾŵѪۣЩԲ۵ĵʿȫ˵ϣ˫ȿ޵
ҽõķһ΢Ц˵Բ۵λղŵˣǻ鷳Ļʱ㣬ôǣǿ϶֪ģ֪ʰ״٣ʱλݹ١
˵գ΢һ֣ﳤȥ˳ӣֱɽǸƵꡣ
ȥ·ϣãϻЦδˬǰǶǱһص׷ŴʮǱڳ۸˵ְλһˬ˵ãҾ¶϶û꣬ǰ״ӦûкУǵżϷ
ǿЩ˵λֵܣ鷳ˣû뵽һ̯飬û׼ãüλֵܷˡ
һһ֣˵ǿӣôǹĽ飬ȷѪйֵ壬ٴʲôѲˣЩС¶ֵһᣬֵҲ£Ű״ٿһ£òôԵЩˡ
ϣǾͻص˾Ƶ֮УǼƵԴһ٣һǿ컹Ҫ飬ܶ࣬Сڿ϶ҲҪǱûǿǣϽȥա
ǿߵʱİ״ٻǿЩģһ˸ǿȥһͬǿƵ긽л
ǿ˵ã״ĸͲãҲô鷳ǻЩ̫ģֻýСȺǧƸǿһȥڣһ֣ǰ׻ȸĸ֣ҲȫӦ
԰˷Ǽ˶ȵκߵ˺ĴйϷĺˣϺϰϰʮˬ⣬кܶںй䣬ŮдӾװŮ߶ǼϹӶ˳
վںߵʱԶͻȻһֵܣֻڶĺԣԾı㽫Ǳˮ˳ǺԴϴαߺ֮󣬱ЩĻ䣬㵽֮ȥˣҲ֪ⱲӻܲǺټһ档


2193 
ֻҪУٵĻٻٻ꣬ҵ꣬ǺԽ겻¶ĻⱲӿ²ټˡ
ıˮɢһĹأ˸һ£ܿ̾Ϣһ㽫Ǳˮ
Ҳû̫ΪҲҪҺһҪһɵģ˵ֻҪϣԺͲϱˣܴһӹϸǿһΣɲô
һҹ޻
˻ȥϢڶһ磬ǱǿԸ˺ߡ
ߵ˺һŷټ̣ǼĿɿڴ
ںͣŵһҳͧͧǱϸװģĴʻһȥϲɷǷ֮ͧϻһ޴ĺдףǿմף
Ҿ޴֮ͧ⣬һ໹ҹģСĻ֣ΧǾ޴ͧҲ֪Ǹʲôõġ
ǱǿԸ˽е˴˴֮󣬶վǾ޴ͧԱפ˺һпǾ޴ͧһ˵ҵأǿСǽػǴأôѺĸ
չٺһЦ˵û˵ǿ˵ôҪվһʢĻҪľһ棬ǿģȱǮ϶ôôڣǿСܹĸڵĿľӦˡϣҲǿˣ缸߰ɣ
˵ţ˱ǳͧĲøǸûʣĴзۺɫõĻ䣬ͧġ
ߵ֮ͧϣǳǼһֿȥһףԭǻ̻ɫǵõġ
ⳡҲû˭ˡ
ǼͧϿǿĲõĻ᳡ʱͻȻ䣬չָŲԶһڣ˵ҿǿǱ߻С
˳Űչָķȥڼ׿ĵطϻͣһұǿĺͧͧɫͧ߰һ֣ȻҲǱǿߴ˼š
˿ǱߵĲãɻԴ˵ǱߺǿŪĸ棬Ӧòǿİɣ
Ӧòǡ˻᲼᳡ģչ
˵յͻȻͧһˣ챻չǸʼһ
Сһǣͷæʺãϻбչࡣ
չһʱָż׿Ҹͧ˵ǲҲ˽飬˭ộ
Ǳ߿һۣ˭ǰ״£͸˵ˣǽҲҪл񡣡
Ҳǲ߻ģչʵ
æҡͷǻʼһǳ׽״ٸˣﻹǣҵʡһһ칫˾ҹģһ߻ķ֮˸Ķ߻ĸӺϵΣǿǻ־Ū˾ңųþáǮ
չ˰֣æȥˣɫЩõ˵״ǸǸˣлҲͰˣԱߣŪôݻ̭˭أУǲܰţһøǵҲС
ȴСף׻˵ĺã˴ˣ״ǮȥɣֻҪ鷳Ҳͱ´ˣʰԲ۵ЩˣСѾ֪ˡ
ǰ״ô׷ҪǷĻǰ̣ǵŰɣ״ٹƽ컹Ҫ۶ӡû˵
¶ãء缸ȥæкɣҺһӭҵ
˵˶ȥæˣҺһվͧڴȴš
ʵβμǿ˲٣ЩȦ֮⣬вٽϵĴá
̣ǿˣѦС߻Щ˷㡣
ѦСߵĻֻǸĳĴμӣһ㶼Ǹĳʲôġ
ǿͲһˣʦɽƽˣԼͽܴ飬϶Ҫġ
յүүɽĴϣ϶ҲҪ
һ˵ǿ⹫ҲҪҲһĽɫֻһֱü
ҺһվڼаϵƬ̣Щμǿ˱½½ˡ
ʵܶѾ˾Ƶ֮УֻæŴ״ٵ飬Ҳûü棬ܶ˶ʶ
ãڼװϸһӭĻǿһʦܣЩ˶ʮϤʱкһĳĳƽ̣ĳĳ˵Һһӭȥк


2194 
һ糿ŵԺ󣬱㿪ʼ½½˹ˣȵֻһЩǿĺ飬ҲһǴƱ㲻һ㡣
Щ˲ʶǣҲʶǣԷҲȫǿӭģҲͼ򵥵Ŀ͹ȥˡ
ǸǲһȦˣûʲôҲû̫ϤıҪ
һǼˣڱһָĸ̣ЩĴŴһ۾ܹ
ոһԷ򸾱к˹ȥ
һСĸ˵СŸ磬֪ղϴֱǮ𣿡
ҡͷʾ֪
һ߸ָͷҲ¡
˵
һҡͷ˵ǿֱʮϣ⻹˵
һĻһ£꣬ʲôֱʮ򣬾ȫýӴҲôǮЦ
ȻһǿЦӣ˵ŮϴһӸֵǮҪϣҪûиڵңǲܴôصγŵġ
ҲǣǮ˵޷ȻҲͦǮڵĴ붼ǵģҴû뵽ôǮȥһֱЩ̫Nɪˡ
ҲΪũԵʣʡˣЩܲЩ
ʱ򣬽ӴȫǿĶ󣬻ҵѺͬѧʲôġ
ʱӴǴӸɸĽʿ
ЩദоǲһˣԶϳҺһ
ǽӴĵһ߾ȻǴӴʡ㲨ˣǵǶԸƺʬʱʶģһҺһվӭ㲨˱һһէ˵ϣǿСӲصʲô˶ʹ𽭺ľ׵ǰλվﵱӭʹǲ˰
㲨˵ЦˣǺǿֵܣվӦõģòˣһæˣӦúúúȼҿ˵
˵˵ƿ϶ٲ˵ģ϶һݡ㲨Ц˵
Ǳ㽫㲨˸˽ȥ
ûãɽһˣΪ׵Ȼɽƽˣдƻˣ󻹸һɽĸ֡
ɽ˶ʶһ
Ц˵ǿСӵӿ治СȻλСѶ˹ƶƶûôӣܹͽų棬ƶҲųˣлл
̫ˣǶֵܣӦõӦõġҺһЦ˵
æ˴죬ҺһˮûüȣӴĴ඼ǴӴʡĵǰдӽŸƺͽӣҲе͸ϤĲϤˡ
ӿٺֱЦ˵үүγŪĲСʲôذɣ
ӵ˼Ƕһص˹ңطĶ࣬Уص飬вãһصûǸӹ
һһĽӵļͷĺϲưɣ¶Ҳڳ档
˹һЦȻ˴֮ͧС
һֱӵʱһ٣ҲһȺŵ۵ˣΪ׵һλ׷ͯյϵиʮ꣬żʮλ
󲿷ǶʶǲʶģҲʶǡ
ǰһȴİĺܣûм
ڣǿһʦͻȻɽƽ˵
˱ţҺһһ㶣ɽɵǺҲ֮ǰûнӴ
һæǰһɽɵôˣǿʲôϵǹ¶İɣ
˺ٺһЦ˵үͶˣǰλǿ⹫⹫ֻܺдˡ
Һһһۣɵһ㶣üһɽƽǿʦүүҲһλŸ֣⹫ȻɽɵˣҪǽ˹ǸͲ֪һ¶ǿСӻز©
£ҺһȻҵæǰ˼ֵʬݼƽ̡
ʬܼһݼƽ̡һҲֵ
˹һЦЦʮˬʣæǰ˼ֱסҺһӣ΢Ц˵λСѲض񣬾׵ͷƶҲжţƶⲻܹǼһ𣬿϶Ҳѧ˲ٶƶοֵܵģԺҪӦǡ
ƽ̿ˣ汸˾ˮ㣬ƽһ·࣬ϽЪȥɡҹ˵
ƽ΢΢ͷһ֣˽ȥ


2195 ȡ
æĲ飬ǱߵĻ鳵٣ԶԶı㿴һɫܳԶĳʻǰǳҲֻ֪һܳӦüֵƣĳҵʶһˮİɫϵ
ЩӦǿĻ鳵
һǳӿһۣǺһЦ˵û뵽ǿСӻͦƷζ⳵ɫ488ڻӦ400ǿⳡ滹治Се˼
˵У鳵ʻ
ɽĺ߱һľ֯ǿǰ״ͬʱڽ飬ĶֲСܿ˺ܶΧۡ
ǿܳӳʻʱ򣬶ʱ˵Ĺע׷׳Ǳ߿ȥкܶóֻȿֺա
ϾôĽ鳡
ʻͧԱߵʱǿһװ³ɫɴմӳӳȻǣ֣ͧ滹һͯͯŮճŻɴ
ʻǿС
һΧ۵ڲͣյͬʱŮС˵ţ̫ˣ˭ܸҾٰһҿ϶ͼ޸ˡ
Ľӣɹٺ˧ҲƯ
˵֮УǿձͧҺһæǰף
ǿȷ˧ҲʮƯ϶ҸЦݡ
˵ףУһ˻ͧȥڴʱһ̶촫˹ʱٴ˵ע⣬ҵͷ濴ȥǿķһŻ鳵߿ٵʻЩ鳵ӺǰʻҲһܳһˮĺɫǿһģһ
ҿһ۶ԷǰʻСһһ⳵Ӧþǰ״ٵĻ鳵ˣǰ濪ʲôܳ
һ۾һ״ٹҪҲģӵڻĸ֤ˣҪǧϣǸǹȥ
ǿҲ״ٵĳ׷׳濴ȥյûбֳκε쳣ǿɫЩˡ
ԼĻϣǿԼŬճΪǣȴǰ״˷ͷ˭Ҳ¡
ҵšӵǿ쿴öܳ˷׷ױ״ٵĺܳ׷״ٿȥΧ۰״ˡ
ʱһͻȻֻߵһԴ˵绰
һڵ绰С˵ιܶϵһڻʡֲĸŹ˾ڰСʱڸʮֱһҰѵַ㣬Ūⶭ³λҲˡ
ֻ˵һ䣬һ˵绰һתͷû¶һȺȥ
״ٿŵӵʻڵͧԱߵʱͻȻͷٶȣ˳ţ߿˹
벢ԶǶķǰ״٣ĳ߿һۣƵĳһָ
С˶бЩ󣬺޲ȥȸ˵
û뵽ǣǰ״پȻͣͧ棬Ӵӳ߽ȺûǮ˼԰ڣûУʲôݻʲôǮǣʡҸҰ״Եˣֻһ³Ǿȡ衭
״٣ǲǿͷûԹִֹôŲͳȫ㣿Ц
Щˣүһʶǳ˻򻹻ʲôǵţǲŹǵģƣһ棬ǣ״ٺ
ðʱ㣬ʲô¾ʹ¿ƣ׿˭ᱻǮ˼Сүǰ԰ڣҲһСүʶʶʲôǮһ΢Цŵ
һȺƣųᵽѼˣҵҪǻˣʲôپ͵һҪǶǮ״ٿܳϣһóѩѳǰ״ٵˡ
Χ۵Щ˶ǿֲ¶һƣ֪ԩңһʱۼ˸ˣ͵￴֡
ǰ״С˵־ȺмȥһһƵĽţԼĪʮӵĹ⾰״پ͵ȵĲͷˣٺЦҿҲûɶÿˣٲˣһȺƣ
˵ţǰ״ٱҪתȥʱͻȻ˾ǿǱɶ


2196 
Ҫ߿İ״˵æתͧϿտȥɵþ͵ɴ۾
תͷȥʱͷѾĺ֮ʮڵԶٵķ˹
ֱʮֱȺ֮˳
ĹЩֱɵͧϿգһʮܣһ޴Σͷֹȥ
ڷɶͬʱֱϻ˼޴дŹףǿ»ϲ
ⳡΪ׳ۣԭΧŰ״ٲӵϿЩˣ׷ױͷϵʮֱٵΧ£
״װȲɷЩʮֱȣĲ̫ˣȫͲһΡ
ղһ˵ˣð״ټʶʶʲôǮ°״Ǽʶˡ
˵ʵڵģʡĸӵܰ״ٸһȫûпɱԣһҵ鲼أһ޴Ĳţһʡܱġ
Щֱ֮ǰ״ٵɫ˲ͺһ仰Ҳû˵Ĵ˳Ȼһ̶Ӱ
ֱͷã뿪
ʱǿѾ˵ˣһסһ֣мһ磬лл㡭ҪȻղӿɶˡ
С˼״ٵļ̫ͼˣȸпգµ˴ǼʲôģҵµĹ˾ǸˣԺôװȣһЦ
ֻеһСûʲôˣΪýӴǶѾӴˣʣµǸǿ󵱰ɣλѾơ
֮ͧڣõҲǸûʣͧĴ֮ڣʮˣ󲿷ֶһ˵Ѻͬѧ֮ġ
һҲһ
ЩһȽϵ͵ڴĲ۵Ľ֮УҲǿʦˡ
վϯ̨ϣһ˵ĸĸҲһжڰͰľš
ҺһյҵϻǣϵһЩѾɣܰ֡
Ȼ͵еһʱͻȻͳ˱ʣȻ䣬ӴſڴͻȻһ˱˴˳ײһӡ
Զұ㿴Ǹɳȥǿһʦܣ֮ǰһӴμӻĿˡ
ǿʦܱ֮֮еȻֹҲͣ
˶֪ʲô
Ƭ̣ſڴͻȻ˼ϵǵĳϯ̨ķһڵģһ֪߲ơ
վҪϵǰ״ٲưոݡ
ڸɽƽ˺ȾƣһȫǴʡĵŸ֡
ͻȻʣȾƵЩϺƽɫһ
㲨΢΢תͷȥ˵ʲôв֪˹ҳӲɣ
˵ʵڵģ棬˶ƽ̺͸ɵĳ϶ڣ״˻е֪ܶԷʲôͷҲֻгԱķݶ
һˣɽƽ̣ŵĴãéɽƽˣҲҪӡ
˵Ŀⶼ۽ſڴΪ׵ǼϵǶǵ󻹸Ŷʮȳȵĵʿų˹
һЩȳ·ĵʿ̲סЦˣЩ֮ǰҴЩԲ۵ʿô
ǰλϵĳϯ̨
вʱ㵽ϯ̨ǰ棬һʮĵǰ˼˵һԲ۵ĵӣƶվ
վϯ̨ϵǿɿ˽յ֣ǰ˼Ǻˣ
ƶԲ۵Ĺ޳ˣôţҵĵӲҳô޳ŭһ
ǰ˲ҳϣʲôú֮ǰ˵С˵ˣҪѰԼǣˣأһ˵
Ҵģǿʾֱӱ
ðȻǾͺðˣƶǹͽָ˵ģҵĵӣƶ澡ʧƶҪɣƶĸС޳ֵ
ʱվϯ̨ϵͻȻ޳ߣ˵ھлʽʲôܲܵ˵Щ˵ȥɡ
顭
ѻ˵꣬޳һƾʹϣȵķ˳ȥڵϱû϶˹ȥ
ʲôﻹֲ˵޳ʮŵ˵


2197 
޳ŵ̫ˣһǴǿʦܣֽˣǿܵסֱӴӻ̨
һƽ̺ƽҲһĲã㲨ˣһӣŭǴļʺƶȾƵˣλٴԵƬ̣ƶȥǣٹλȾơ
˵ţ㲨˱Ҫһ֣æס㲨˵ĸ첲Ц㲨ʵ޳˵ĵӶҴģһжãλڴȾƣȥȥ
㲨һ˵ʱһЦ˵ҲҲãȻСѿϳ֣òƶ׳ˣƶһƣ¾նۣ
˵ţұһƤ߳ϣ첽ߵǿ
ǿӣ飬ͲҪ˶ˣ⼸ϵΣǿļ˵
СŸ磬ҰɡʰǱáǿЩߵ˵
⼸ϵΪǳԸǣɣҼӾͺáҵ
ǿ˵ͷ˻˻̨ϡ
ҸɿһЦ˵ǵͽҴģʱҲҷųĻҪңĻǾǡ
˭޳ŭȵ
㲻֪ҵ֣Ӯ˵ɡҵ˵
ˣŰ޳ŭ˵
û취ϰˣ㲻Թԡҵ
ʦСӣһ˷ŵʦֵܶʮˣ֮ǰСʦܰ״٣ҪǱ𰡡
˵ǱҴĵɵһ˵Ͷ©磬˵ĸоʮָЦ
ɵһ˵޳˻һӾˣ˵ֱӿ˫֣㳯߻˹
ϵΪҪɵ˲֪٣һǾ棬˫ʮָͣıãЩۻңֱӳҵؿץ˹
ϵЩ£ҿýĻбɽ£ͧĴ֮У콣̫ôˣʵǲʩչУûʲôֵıУֻҲ˫ָ
һ֣Ҳ֪ϵˢӣ˫ľһ㣬һһʮֹĽǶȳϵҪץֺûйͷһʮͻһʱҾȻҲʲôƽ֮
ʱԺͻȻƮһǸСѣ޳õֶνֱ˲֣עҪ˫֮ϣ̣֮ڴ˱ذܡ
һһһ֮ʮֶָνܣֻм߲Ŷţ˵⻰ľȻǿ⹫Ǹɽɵˡ
ľ֮࣬Һܿ췴Ӧ˹㰴˵޳˵̡
Ȼҽע󲿷ּ̣Ҳȷʱ޳˶ʱ˷磬ŲҲ˵Ƿֱ˲Ҳû֮ǰǰ
󣬳޳˷ҵʱһƱ㳯޳˵ļ˹ȥ
޳˽һҽУӱ˳ȥ
ڵϵ޳˻ð̣ͷֱҲϸСĵϹֹ
ʦʦѰЩԲ۵ĵʱΧȥҪ޳˸ǰ漸˸һ޳˵壬ʱٵ˻ȥ
ΪҸղ޳˵һǴƣ֮䣬޳ܿס
ôƿɹ׵ģһֱڣҲûͷų̫࣬ɱϾ׹϶ҲǳԲġ
СӣȻ޳ѣƶͽ
ղվ޳ߵϵŭɶһͬ˹
վһ׼˫ֽеʱλͻȻ۾ֱĳ˹ȥɵԲǿʲô˼ľ
һͷʱ򣬵վľȻɽƽˣ⻹ɽĴƻˡ
һȻվ󣬲ŭ̬ǧǲ˶֣ϵĞųչ¶ҲǰС֮
ơˡôˣеһ˵
ͽ飬ƶѵܹȱϲ𣿡˵˵
⡭ǡǸСͽܣղǵָǿ˵
ٰô㲻ţ˵
⻹ǴˮһᡭᣬҪ֪˵ĵӣǾԲ޳ȡģ˲Ҫǡղǵϻ̳Ͽֵ˵


2198 һһֻ
ССһԲ۾͸ôţƽ̵ӵĴ鶼ҹ¶ӿ治Сúõһ˵ôɣ㲨˴ʱҲǰʮֲãһ
㲨˵ͬʱʡŵƽ̺ͳҲ׷״ǰվҵ
ǰλ޳İ֣Ҫңֻǻûü֣Ӵ׷ǰŸ֣²ʮˣÿһڽŵġ
˵иɵƽ̾кüλλһ֪ŵĵЩˣŵȶӶˡ
꣬ǹҳӵôֱϻҶﻹֹһֻϻÿһ񣬽ǳ˶¹ͷĴá
ұȺ֮УּܿһСչɣչƢЩã˻Եʣֱӱǰȥλһ˦һӣλֱΣŲż
ֵǿĴ飬˭ҾŪ˭춼òЩǰ֣Ǿ׾ʰǣչŭ
ͷתλһ㶣ŵɫˣһź׵˵סλСǡ
ǰչҪĻʱңҵ㡣չ
ǡǡλǣһָʵ
Һܿ콫ϵƤ߽΢Цŵ
ղʻǵŵֱӵһһƨɾ͵˵ϣӸоϾҪ޳ˣ˵ҵš޳ƥ򾿾ʲôˡǵ˸ŵĸ֣ȻɱħǡƶǺڰڸƥ˻ˮλԲסˡƶ
˵ţǵҿԼԼǶʮࡣ
һҲԼ˶⣬һһ˵Լ˵ĶӦžž졣
޳˴Щ֮ǰҴȳȵͽܣҲŲˣһԴͣҴ
λҪμͽĻƶȻһӭҪͽǷǣһƶ϶ǲӦġ˵˵
飬޹أ޳ƥġػģҲġһλ֣ͣ
Ҳ޳ƥĵӽƶ޳ƥ۶壬޹ϸ𡣡һλֱӽ۸˺ˣ˲Զڻ޳ˡ
ǹɣվʲôչŭһ
úúáϹλԲסˡ΢ƶһݺıǸ⡭
˵Уղλβͣһ̶ط
޳˵ЩͽܵҲҴ˵޳˸̧Ҫ뿪
ȵȡ𣿡չЩ޳ͽܣ˵
˻һڣ޳˵Щͽܱס˽ŲһֵĿ˰չ
ȻеӹҳӣǾҪеӳţҪôö˶˵ˣôסչֵ
ɵսս˳ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵үҪôһɡ
ֵǿ¿ͷұ뿪չ
үɱ˲ͷأҪ̫ˣʦѾǴӡɵ
ͷҲУǾһһֻǶֻǣ
˵ţչһ½ϵĻ𾫳˳âһ֮䣬ʱڡ
ڰչѹм޳˵ĵֱӹ˵ϣǿǱ߿ͷ˵ҴˣǿԭµĻ
һ˴ͷʣµ˽Ҳȫ˵ϣǿķͷֹɵҲ˼֣һ۹ǿ
û취ҪǾ׵ͷ̫ˣսһصĴϻȫУˮʥ̵ߺ͵³ҲɱģǵɣҲǱɱģӳû¹˭Ҫô֣һ־Ҫ˳״
ǿּʵʵƴģҲԼġ
ҪǵĻ͵õԼʵ
ǼڳЩ˵ʱƽ̵ʼնûЩҲʵ˼ҾлʱҳӣȻǸǲʹ죬ǾҪǸӵĲʹ졣
Щ˿ͷ֮󣬰չŻ˻֣Щ̧޳뿪ȥ
ǸøɶĸɶУʲô鶼ûзһ
ǿٴθмĿۣۿЩˣʲôû˵ֱӸǾһ


2199 
ǿٶŪǶͦεģȻ飬ϾǹֵܣǼͬʱǿһۣ˹һЦԻصԼϣȾƳ⣬ƨ
޳˸˹ȥܿһµĻˣδɵĻ
Ǽ˰ǰμǿЩŸ־һƣұ͵͵Ľһ˳
һԣʲô顣
ҺٺһЦ˵״ι鷳һδ˱񣬵ǰ״һ϶ģһ𣬵״Ǳ߹ȥƣǸһѵ׶˶Ըǵ롣
˵һҲЦˣ˵߰ɣСӵȷǷʰ
Һһ»һƤߣҲһͷ㳯Ŵȥߵʱÿλ֮ǰ޳İ֣ڴſæϺ
ҵͷһ˶һװȫǺɫĳƱôһӣ˵Ҳаٰʮ
ҲǻǮƽԺǵ鷳ԲŻǿôص
ʵǵĵŶ֪¶ѾȥˣŻԺǵ鷳
Һһ͵͵˴ż׿İ״ٵĻֳȻȥ
ʱѾǰʮ֣Զ״ǱַǷֲݣкܶ濴֡
ߵ״ٽõǳͧʱ̧ͷһͧϾȻźװļһڰš
϶֤ͨûܵ˿϶ǲܽȥġ
£ҿһһۣʹһɫһܿҵ⣬ֱӽǧƸ˳㳯ŵ˷˹ȥ
Ƭ֮ǧƱ˵֮Уһһأ˱վһˡ
ҺһֱӴҡڵĳǴȥŵļһԱߵʱ򣬷λĿͣһ㶵վȻǱǧƸ͵͵˹ơ
һһһˣûκηӦҺһ㽫ŵ˵֤ͨ˹ԼϣҡڵľߵͧĴ֮С
һȥ֮󣬲ŷ״ٲõĻ᳡ҪǿǱ߸ӵĸûʣμҲ٣֮о˱ǣַǷ
Һһ֮󣬱㳯ą̊́Ա˹ȥ
̨ϣ״ٴһߵװվһŽ׻ɴŮӡ
ŮӿȥʮͷĵʮƯİ͹£ֻǿȥЩ欣ܾЩ죬ʲôطһ
˾̨˵ʲô״һϲģ֮ǰûжӰ졣
ҾɹȥЩҵʧܵ飬϶Ѿ֪ˣˣЦôãֻ˵һ⣬Ǿ״ٻжԸǵĺС
ҺһĿģǳ׶Ͼ˰״ٵ룬׵׵ķ
ʱǧƲûбһջȥͷɣһǧȥʰ״ٵʱͻȻ˽
۵Ļǰ״ٵӡ
һһͣжһԣֻС˵һ㶯ٶ֡
һ˵ͷסӡ
߲ԶЩͺڽ̸ʲô꿴ȥԼʮ꣬ŻлһŽ˿۾ԷǸ
һǷֵˣ󸹱㣬һ⡣
˵СҲܿ챻ðٲϵֶθ׽ˡ
˵١˵ǾǣｿǳƯСοžٺ١
ôϲɣ˿۾ͺЩթЦ
ϲǿ϶ϲ˵ʵҪ״Ȣｿҿ϶Ǯźӡӵ
ܣʵｿڻûг֮ǰҾһ꣬ǻһ𡭡ٺ١ǽ˿۾аЦ
ӻķһ£ѣѹܡɲҪƭңｿĸ㣿֮ǰôû˵صĿǹİ
ǰˣʱǻ̫Ϥܹ֮ΪǣһǮҪȻĽ죬֮󣬾ͱɵȱ״ٸˣҸ״кܶϵ㽫ｿøСӣʵЩˡ˿۾ٺЦ
ǺøһǿϧЩ̾˵
û¶ȹͣˣҿԽｿԼ㣬Σ˿۾Ц


2200 ñ
һĶˣЩ˵ܣ˵ĻǼٵģҪܸｿһϣҸʲôֵˡ
˿۾һЦ˵ܣ⽻飬һƭ㲻ɣֻҪ̸ǱѺͬǩˣҾｿ
úúáôˣֻҪｿңǻȥ֮󣬺ͬϾ͸ǩɲҪƭҰӵ
ôܻƭ㣬ֻϻｿһƵƬأҲҵģֻҪҲұ㽫֮ǰ鶶ȥ˵ʲôˣǰ״ɵȱ϶ҲҪ
˵ţǽ˿۾㽫ֻ򿪣͵͵ĸӿһֻۣǿƬ̣ӶʱĶѪˣס˵ܣ湻˼湻˼ʱһｿɴҡ

ұǰٲϵֶΣŻ̨ϵǸӿһۣ˵ôô죬ԭڵϿ״ȢĻһСǡ
ղҴǽ˿۾ӵĶԻ˺ܶèеֱ̫ˡ
״ٽǰҪñӣҪһӴڹˡ
ʱҲò̾Ϣһ״ҲǹģԼôʱñӶ֪ŶǸ˯ġ
һǹЦ⣬һңʵСŸ磬Цɶأ
£ұ㽫ǽ˿۾ӵ㹴һ򵥵˵һ£ΪһܳԾȻֵʮϰΪ˵һΪʲôأˣܶ฻̶ҲỨǮһЩƯŮ˰װǣΪԼҵ߲Ʒԡ
һһٺЦСڿǱǮǲҲɰ˵㵽˼ǡ
СŸ磬ɲҪѪˣҿ˾ˣ顣һЦ˵
˵Լˣ㡭ҹһЦȻɫһûа취һ£ǽ˿۾ϻ̨ϵңҲһĻ񡣡
һһۣЦŵСŸ硭ǲ̫ȱһЩ˼ҽ飬Щ̫ص
һҪ룬ڰ״٣ٴñӣ״ٻмأ˵ǲǣҽƱ
һϸһ룬ٺһЦ˵ôһ˵ͦеģͰ˵һȥңסǸ˿۾ӡ
ĵһЦȻͷж
ǧһĿ³ǽ˿۾ӷ˹ȥ
Ĺ򣬻żý׵ͬʱͣĿ⿪ʼĴ
һߵǽ˿۾ߣֻ˹ݸҡ
ţұŽ˿۾ֻŻ̨һ˹ȥ
ڻ̨Ϸһ޴Ļ˿ֻزŰ״ٺСｿĽգҸ磬òܰܿ죬ⳡҪһˡ
ƴĻԼ˾ڻ̨һ࣬ǱһСĿҡ
Ž˿۾ֻߵǿҵԱߣ̨ܹϵİ״ٺｿ˶ģʵɷˡ
Ĺ򣬵ǧƿƵǸ˿۾ͻȻҡҡλεĳŻ̨ķ˹ȥǺ˾һ㡣
ɷ˵ǽ˿۾˻̨״һǽ˿۾ͦĵģЦܣҪ˵𣿡
ǧƿƵĽ˿۾һЦ״еĻͲ˹Ȼ˰״ٵｿٺһЦ˵ôãڼˡһ࣬Ҳûп㣬ϻ˲Ǯװ˴ǣϣ㻹һϲ㴩ʿװӣٺ١
ｿһ˿۾˵ⷬʱʹ˷һС
úõһ񣬾˿۾ˡ
ǰ״ٸǷһһǽ˿۾Ķӣһ˻̨״Ƿһģҽ˵˵Ӳ˺죡
˵ţ״ٱ˻̨ǽ˿۾
ղǽ˿۾ŻͲ˵ģ˶˶ɵķһʱһƬ۷׷ס
ѽû뵽ｿˡأ㲻
ｿȻһ𣬰״ٿǴһôñӣ̵Ķʼˡ
ұĺ˵СӺȾƺȶˣȫǺ˵˵״һߴŽ˿۾һ߾ŵĴ˵ţ˵ȥĻóȥˮ϶ղȥˡ


2201 
Һһһʱ״ٵĻһ㣬νǼɹ
Һһֻ򵥵ĸ״¸ƣȻѸٵ뿪ð״ٳԵͷ룬ȴǽ˿۾˽ع
ò˵⸻ȦӾңҵĶֳĺãȫҸˣֻܽ䷢һ£һǽ˿۾һĹƣصĻ״ȫ˵
νɱġ
ôѵ棬ֳһ״ٵһȫˣǱɱҪʹࡣ
Ҳǰ״پȡҪһʼˣǣҲ³
о仰˵ĺãǲ״پǵ͵֮ˡ
Ȼ黹֮꣬ǰ˵ˣԸ״Ŀ˵ļһһξҪʹˣԺ󿴵ǶҪ˱֣ԣҿʼһĶֱߵǿƴĻĲԱߣһǬ˱ңСȳֱӸǲԱϣһɺɷֱǲԱ֮У΢΢һٴתͷʱ򣬻΢΢һЦѾСڿˡ
ұ㽫ǽ˿۾ֻͨ˲豸ֱڴĻϲų˽˿۾СｿĿĻ档
ĻһʾǸѪŵⲫսĳʱ򣬴֮е˽ٴһ׷׵ɴ۾濴ȥ̫̼꣬ˡ
ｿȻĸһ
֮ǰǿտƾзֱĿܣƵƬó͵ʵˣǸӶ޷飬˵ǸһȣʡĸҴٰ׹ˣ˵һܴ衣
ԼĽޣһһȻһٶ˵顣
ǷŵĽصϢ
ողų˵עʱҾѾĵ˳ǸطȴСȸǸԱ
ˡΪ֮
һľ֮۳Ƿˮһڴڲݡ
ｿͷһĻϲŵĻ棬ֱӾֵĴһ˹ȥ
ŮˣΪĿĲֶΣһ𣬾͸ҪϵԼôһ졣
Ҳȡ
ǽ˿۾İ״٣һתͷĹҲǴĻϵĻ棬һ̣Ҵ֮пŵľ񣬽űޱߵķŭ˲佫ϯ
ȻѪģĽ˿۾˳ȥ
Ȼ첽ı˻̨Ъ˹ĳǲԱôĿҹˣӹص
ȻǸڲԱϵС״ٵûģǰ״΢΢Цš
״һӣҪȥʱڻ̨ϵİ״ٵĸĸһΣķ׷׵ء
֡裡״æӣȥĸĸ
ҵĲˡ
ǰ״ڷŭֱ֮࣬˵ϵӣǴĻݺݵȥ
һ𻨴磬ǴĻһ죬ڲٲųκλˡ
ԭϲĳʱһ㣬״ǹ˵Ǹ˲ŭţĺţһж޼¡
ڴʱһɫĹâŰ״ٷ˹ȥֱ֮С
İ״΢΢һΣֱͦͦĵȥ°ĭ֪˻Ϊ״Ǳĵ裬ʵȻǧƳ䲻ֱ˰״ٵ֮С
ٻСȣڴһһϣȻƣЦ߳Ҿ޴ͧ
һ߳һҵļЦСŸ硭̫ˣһҪΪ״һӵجˣҲ⣬ѾˣΪʲôҪǧƸ¹ƣ
Ͳ֪˰ɣǰ״Ķ٣ҽӴֹһ֮ǰϳǵ죬״Щƣ۹ﳤĸӵܣ裬֪ߵغ϶Ҳĥģ֮󣬶֪ϼӺޣһеıǣ¹ƣ׶룬ֻΣʱ֪жô¡ҵ˵
СŸ硭ҷЩ׽͸ˣΪһǳµ顣һЦŵ
ֵܣһӵֵܣԶܳΪˡסһļֵܶ˳ǿҾ޴ͧȥ
ʱѾȫǶǿҪߵͧԱߵʱͻȻ䡰¡¡֮ʱ˰һ㣬ͻȻıŵһһæס˽Ų


2202 ̻ɢ
þΣң⼸ҵĺ֮󣬼ʶľץסһĸ첲żٰ˲һȥǶһɲǣΪһصǺˮʥ̵ڸ顣
ȻǶ㿪֮󣬸ովȽŸһȴСŸ硭һһէģ̻ǿǼһϵķŵ̻
ʱҲ̧ͷȥǼһ֮ϣϵ̻𣬷죬ͷ֮ըѿγһѤĹ⻷ͷףɷǺÿ
ŲƽϢ
ղˣ̻ʱΪںͿǹˮʥ̵ȫܹĳ
ǿСӵ̸еһ֣һСװȫ̻ʮͣ˷׷Χۣóֻա
òף̻ƽϢǶΪ¶ˣȻûУĻ֮ϣͻȻֱһŷۺɫõֱ̻񷣬ȻڵҹĻ֮һ޴Ρ
ŵУΧΧ۵ЩŮǶʱŮķģ۴Уͣĺ̫ˣ̫Ư֮Ļ
ǿС۶࣬һȻܸôĻгŵµС໹ЩԲ
̻ɢѾǰСʱԺˣҺһһͬ۷֮ͧС
յ˼װϣ㿴ԭڴҲȫۼ˼а֮ϣҲǸոտ̻Աղŵĳ˵𺳣ǿ˿գһʮҸģɷˡ
ǸһǾΧչСŸ磬ղ͵͵ܳȥʲôˣ
һ˵¶Һһ̲סЦˡ
һ˵һڰ״ٻϵҵ顣
һǽ״ٵĻļɹŭԹӣǼҲסЦ
бԹ˵ѽ̫ȱˣ鶼ܸɵĳ״ٴñҲͰˣǻȫ֪ˣ˵ֳмڣϾ˵״ٵӻǸСǣºˣ˵бըԵų״ٶ˶ȫ綼֪ˡ
˵ĺеｿСҲǸǣǰ״ô԰ڵˣ϶߹ȥºˣпܸľ˽֪
ݶϣҲǿٵˡ
ҲЦ˵˵״׼ô̻ôһûзţڵģҳӣ״ҲһˣЩǽȥȾơ
˵ţ˱˴һˣԴһ١
ǿĻ񣬳Բ۵޳˹һ£һжʮ˳Ҳ׳ۣҶδֻǲ֪״Ǳһҵ龰Ӧ͵ҽԺȥ˰ɡ
һǧƸ״˹ƣҽԺ϶βˣҽԺβٸĹʦҲⲻ״ϵĹƶΪǹǧµģҲֻǧܹ⣬Ʋϣ״Ǳߵ˿϶ҵߣǸơ
˴ϣصƵʱɫѾˡ
ǿŽȥ˱ĵطʱǸүүһߵģĸڣҲõİΣ
һϴˢһ£׼˯ʱͻȻ䣬СȴǬ˱Ʈ˳СĹ˵СŸ硭Ҹǿؼұʱǿսˡ
һһʱȫۼ˹۾һƺǲ׽ʲôϢæʵСȰôܵģ
СȺ˵ûд·һˤӣս۵ӡ
˺ˡ˵ˡסСȵĻͷһ죬æСȵ¶ԺǧᣬҪȻǿ绹Ϊҹɹȥء
ŶӦһ㵽һȥˡ
ЩԸĺٺЦСţô飬ôСȼ˵ˣǲ뵥Сȸ㽲̫صˡ
СȻСҪˣҪ֪͸Ͻȥһ֪ĸȷһЩһЦſһ
һʱһ±ȣæƨ¶
ܸǧƹһ˫۾㶼ܿǺǧһȥģӦ֪ĸ࡭ҺٺЦ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼһһһ¾ͺ쵽˲Ӹæ˵СŸ硭ɲ˵Ҫǧƹһ˫۾Ҫ÷ģֻǿΣյʱǧƲŻңҲŻῴģȱ¶ҿɸɲ


2203 һ
״Ǽ㶼ܸɵĳΪɶ¶ɲأһϽ˵˵϶Сȿĸϸٺ١м˵
ȥ״ٵСŸҸɵģУѪˣӸƴˣ˵ţһֱ˹ȥҪȥеĲӣ
ڴһֵʱͻȻ䣬Ƶű˸ˣһﶼֹ֣ͣôˣѾ賿һ㣬˭ǵš
ȴϵˣȻǰ״ٵļ
Ƭ֮󣬰չߵſڣţǷԱվſڣͿ˵˹˵һλҹ֪ͨһ
ǵʲôˣչʵ
˺üˣһհף˵Ҫתﵽ
չͷһۣʵСŸ磬
΢΢ͷչǺðɣɡ
ǷԱæͷһ̶˳ȥ
Ǽ˶ʰһ£ݵĿ˵ط˴ԼӵĹ⾰㴫˽ŲȻСš
ûأֱӽͺáչ
Ƭ֮󣬱߸룬˻̧һܣǵŵ˻ڷϸһǱ˹Ƶİ״ô
ǰһݣܿһλĴкСѣƶҹãʵǴˡ
һˣæǵһ֣˵ˣ֮ǰǻһȾƣôôֹˣ
Ȼ֪ǹɶģ϶ǰ״ټҵĹϵ˵͡
˸Щ飬Ǵʡŵĸ֣һɵҸˣֻǵһʦֽˣΪ˶Ըʬһ𲢼սѪڼݺңϾصץҵʱλ˻վӣϿ϶Ҫġ
ѽƶҲ֮У֮²Źһ˵ģΪʲôСѿ϶ҲףҾͲˣҶˣ֪ƶСܲһӣ΢΢Ц
ҸҪ˵Щʲô˽ֵСѡҲû̫ĹϸֻǱѣҪǾòףǸôô죬ҪΪЩͻ֮Ľ飬͵ûйҲһġ
̧ͷһˣһװİ׷ߣҼӦǰ״ٵĸס
װߵԱ߻һˣǲ֮ǰһдƵ޳ˣǻ˹ϵƤȥЩڣǱˡ
װߵĺһģˣӣоʮֳصģ
Щ˶սսվԴһ仰˵
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ˵
˵˵ͷֱҵԱߣұ˵ˣҲ֪ڽϵͷȥǱˣǱֻҪǵңǾԲŹģȻұ㿪żɽֱ˵ˣԸ״٣ǵǣ˺ݻҪأ˵һĹô
ͷ˵ǡ״Ҳʢأ֪ʲôˣҪ֪ǵľף˸Ҳҡ⻰˵ˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ״ٴ˿̳ģҲˣҲˣҲɨأƶ⸶ĴҲˣûб˼СѸһ֪Сѿϲ飿
˵ҿ϶ҪģȻ˵ˣҾһСӻԺ鷳ֵΣ׳Ϊؼ⡣
⻰һڣ״ٵĸæǰսս˵ҲҡɲˡˡϷܽ޷ȮӣаԵŻδֻҪλСȮһϷ֤Ժϼӹ̣ܽԲκһλ顭
˵˵ţͷۿˣЩ˵ҾôһӣǡһɣҸǹˡ
˵УͷƱҪ¹ʱչһΣһץסͷĸ첲˵СŸ˵ˣӦһô;ͲҪˣԺؼҺúùܹĶӣǻˣҪΪмǮΪΪ仹кܶǲˡ
šҼˡˣллǡ̫лˡ״ٵĸ׸м˵


2204 ɫѪ
о仰˵ĺã¸ĸġ
״ôˣٲǶҲǵģĸǱ߿϶ܲסϾĸĸûʲô
һʼǾûд㽫״ֻҪһѵˡ
ǰ״ټҲ飬һҲǧ֮ǰ״ϵĹƶˡ
˹Ҳһ˳ˮ飬˵ǿ˵ϣ״һ
һﶼӡ
ǰ״ٵĸײ֮һͷ㿴һһһ˵ͷȻ㳯ڵϵİ״˹ȥ
״ٻֹһײ
һȥ̧ŵܵ˶ʱɢȥ
һһ֣㽫ǰײһԣײһʱһӶĴƮɢѬͷǡ
Ҳ֪ǧƾǸ״µʲôƣôôأ
һʱ棬Ҳ˹ȥͷһʱİ״ϾʹһãƤڷϣÿһξ룬ƤӤȭͷôһطԡĻһ׶
ʵ׶£µ׶жһĵĳǿ׶䶯ţҰ״ȫºܶദһۣŵ亹
꣬Ǽֲֿ
ɵãҰһһۣ˼˵Ѿģ¹ƾ¹ˣҪô˵Ĺƣ֪ҾͲˡ
һıҲԵúΣԼûϵǧƾȻڰ׹ֹơ
ղ̧ŵܵļһһ׹ӵģܲסˣŻ˼⣬ϴ
ʱ򣬰״ٵϸ˹һԼѾĥĲĶӣʹ˵Ҷڻϳ˳󣬵˹ȥһ°ĭ²ʡű͵ҽԺΪǵ裬ߵҽԺһǡ⺢һʼϸףڷϣȻϳһİװߣװ߸֮ͳ˺ܶ׶г䶯ܶҽŻˣҺһĽӸγԽڵĳԽ࡭ЩƲסˡ
һ£ͷһֵҲ˼ʮ֪꣬λصĸ֣϶ǱֶΣұҵʦҲԲ۵޳ˣ޳˵⺢˹ƣָһ·շת˹ΡһҪȾ
ģˣܿͻѹһ˵
ʱ޳ǰһǼһأЩ޴˵үλүƶ޳飬ײ˸λүĻ֪µĵǵ˽϶ľףƶǲλֵģƶҵＸλүƶٴθλˣ
˼˵״Ĳǣ˱ˣͿ۸ˣһ̧ͷ޳
⻰һʣ޳ͷϵ亹ƶܽ޷ûн̺µӣԺȻԼٺΪ
һû޳ˣǶӣ֣ǰ״ٵǡ
ʱǧƱһķ˳˳ֱ˰״ٵڡ
һӵվʱǰ״Ѿֹͣ˲ֹƬ̣ϵĸ׿ʼٵˣȻһһİװ߿ʼϣ׶ĳҲˡ
ȥϴˢһӹһԸ
һԵ޳ˣæ˹ȥϴˢóһŵϴ裬˫ֶš
Ӹһ˹״ҵĿ˼ͻȻӾʹӵ
˵ʱʱ죬һһץס˰״ٵͷԴ˹޳ӷڵϡ
޳æ״ٵԴһµʱ򣬱ſڴǰ׹³ĶҲ쳣ģһɫѪ飬ﻹ΢΢ĻζǺɫѪ֮ϻкܶϸСĳ䶯
״ٶһ˺üڣ˴ӺѪͣ˿ޱ
Ѫ֮󣬰׹ӿȥ࣬ĹһۣĿǼ˵ϣɵñһ㶣֮װľ֡
֡ҡôǰ׹Ӳ
λүͷҪллˣҪ˼ҹ飬ǽˡһվŵ޳æ˵
ӣɶҲ˵ˣܻͲˡ޳˵ĻϽλ˿ͷˣ״ٵĸҲߴٵ
Ǽ˶Ŀ˰״٣ǸҪŪǵİ״١


2205 ˵Ŀɬ
״ٱ˹֮ЩãȻǸĻǿ־壬ô˫۾ʱ򣬸Щľս
ŸʲôλүͷҪ飬Сûˣ޳Щܻٴδߴٵ
ʱǰ״ĻһѱģһͻȻͳǹսս˵Բ𡭡ҶԲǡҲԣллλүԺҲˡ
հ׵ģʵҲ޷ֻһΣͲô׻ˣǾͼѰʱ㡣չ
ˡұ֤ԺǲٿҡﻹҸԡ״˵ЩǴĲһֿ־塣
ԴǽԹһ鷳ûһܹռһˣǸݺݵټȥҲҪҵ
״ˣ˺ǺһЦվ˵ܹĽƶҲԲˣСѻǾƶôһӣƶˣԺõƶĵط岻ݴǡ
˿ˣѣӿ϶Ҫġ΢Ц˵
ллƶһٺúõĺȼƣҹɫˣƶͲλϢˣǸǡ˳һһ֣Ҫȥ
ʱҲȫ͡
״ٴʱҲ˸ȥ
ߵſڵʱ򣬰״ٵĸͻȻס˽ŲһʹһɫƤſڣ˵λүȮθ鷳ֳɲɱ֮ĶϷһССľ⣬λүһҪ²ǡ
ҸҪ˵Ҫ˭ȱǮ֪ȴңЦŸǰ״ٵĸ˵˵˵ǮˣϣСѧҲǰǰ׼һˡ
˵䣬Ǳ㽫˺Ͱ״ٵȫ˳ȥյſڣ˱㲻ͣǱǣԼ˸ټҴһص˾Ƶ֮ڡ
һתбٵıӣǹȥһӳƱ˵Ҳмӡ
пЩƱٺֱЦ˵ĺֵǳôһǮ
ϻ˵вҵҪôǮʲôӽɣŪôǮ㻨ģչû˵
ǮǺöȻǶƣǲԺȣǻкܶ˳ԲϺȲϣƶɮնҪЩǮȫȥҷȱů˼䣬ްӷ𡭡
˵ţ㽫ڴ¸ˣݸҵСšǮװǬ˱õʱҪ
εҡҡͷֻýӸװ˽ȥ
òһʡһֱֵܼĴûкúǷĴУÿԵ䣬ǿ»ҲûдĴ䡣
ڶʱǿҵǣкһ˵Ҫճȥ¡
ǷˣǿΪһŵӣӦйоأ۶һһģôʱ֣ȸ»Ҫȥ裬ôأ
ǿҵʱָһ飬˵ʱȥһˣȷе˵գ˺񣬲ף
һᵽҵЩأһ˵ĿɬС
ܻҾȻܻ䵽ֵزǿղμӻûеǵȻ֮ҵǡ
֮Բҿ϶֪ԭǱΪ˱ܻҡ
ҡ
֮Ѿ˸ңټҲԵʮΡ
ɫһ䣬ǿһ˵СŸ磬ӱˣԵЩܹĳﻹ㣬Ѿˣ˵оȻϣȴҲңңڣ֪ʲôʱܹһӲѣҪһô϶ҲϣҸβϧһǰˣҾͦõġ
Ӳһ΢Цǿļ˵ǿӣЩҲɼҲԼĿԣͲùҵˣպúɣǵûкһ˵ǻдҪ
ǿ죬˵Щʲôȴû˵ڣֻǵ˵ͷ˵Ǻðɡ
ǿ֮ǿ飬ұûʲô£˵ҪغҶȥС
ǿһߣҲҪ뿪Ǽ˵ҲʵûʲôģͱϳǷһź߽һҲûʲôǸϽȥúеĺá


2206 ˽ʬ
һ£ǿ뿪ĵ죬һ˱˷ɻصϳǣȻֱӻ˺Ҷȡ
ԴϴδӶǻûʲô̫¶һЩСҲͦ࣬һҲͦæģҲû̫ʱС
ϴɱϵʱϸ˵պܿҪˣһֱеһʯͷʱҴչУһǽɵЩֵΪȫתԼϣǼ콣һʽ
ԣһصҶȣкһ˵Ҫȥչһʱ䣬£һ£ûʲôҪͲҪˡ
Ȼһҵֻ˰չһʲôȫӦʵ޷ģٹҡ
Ҳûж˵һаҵķԸȥ
ʵеʱҲڲϵУԼʵеĪһСӣǧ֮źܴĹǧƵʵǿһҲ
һֱûи֮䵽ʲôԭ
ں֮͸壬ȴǱУԾںϵһ͸оһֱһҲüį
ʵԴ֮һֱڵ˰ҴϢûʲôǧ޳ûʲôڽѩҩһ˿ϣҲԼŬ
ĵرô˵ģǽѩֶʮϰųһΣǱǸģҲôõ֮ھܸ㵽ѩ
ںеʱ򣬶ұһЩǬ˱ĳʳҲȱˮȡ
ʱһ϶ԴķʽɵЩֵΪԼڣұ߳ɽʼ콣ĵھŸʽ
ҿλүסķ֮Уʱ򣬸ĶĴ¡¡ХХ磬棬ÿ϶ģ϶ҪŻˣ֪ΪʲôҪˡ
㣬Ҳ֪Լ˶೤ʱ䣬оӶһأЩֱɵΪȫҸɸɾˣǷʽȴҲһ򣬶ܴ󣬵ǽ֮зӡǲϳҲΪ̫Եʰɡ
ʮʱһչҴҵ˹ҸոմϣҪȥ콣ʱſڶסҡ
һ棬չЩ˵СŸ硭ֳ绰ˣϽظ绰
һ㶣һֳ
һүүչ
ŶүүҴ绰ʲô飬˵ûУʱԼģӶʼЩˣӦ΢Щٶۡ
û˵̫ףֻ˵ˣҪϽظ绰չ
ȥǲǰճˣЩֵ˵
Ҳ֪һﶼͦżģϽүӻһô¶Ҳи׼չ˵űסҵĸ첲ŷȥ
֮ⷨûκźŵģҪȥص绰С
үүһûʲôرҪ飬ǲҴ绰ģүʱҴ绰˵ǰճˡ
ҲЩŲԾıӿࡣ
ԼСʱ֮˷󣬸һұүүһ绰ȥ
绰ֻһ¾ͱͨˣǱߴүʮСţˣ
ţүүҴ绰ʲôҪôչ˵¶ˡҵ
үүӦһ˵ȷǳ¶ˣ̡ϴСʡͭίԺ˵ط֮һ˹ȥ㣬ߵͷ̫ˣֻʱǹˡ
үүǳʲôˣصôôܲáЩżʵ
˽ʬѾҧ˲ˣЩƲסˣүүæĺܣȴǼѹ˵ʱ֪ˡ
үүǱĺæӣ绰ﴫ˺ܶԼܹڽĴߴſ졭֮ĻԣүүҴͨ˵绰ֻ֮˵ҵ˵绰Ҷ㲻׷ʲô顣
˵绰֮󣬰չСŸ磬үǱʲô
Ҳ֪˵͹ҵˣ˵ʡͭظ˽ʬҧ˺ܶˣҸϽȥæӦˡЩɵ˵
԰ʬѣصô֣ôӦүҲǸʬҵĺˣԸʬӦòѰɡչ˵
ˣȻүǹȥǾȹȥ˵˵ţұչҴҵĻصѦҩ̡


2207 
ҺͰչصѦҩ̵ʱе˶ۼԺĵȴš
ҺͰչ׷ӭȥСţүӻص绰ûУǱô˵
ˣүǼȥʡͭظ˵ǵط˽ʬǼȥԮ֡Ҹ˵
ֽʬﲻСƶѣôܽˣߣүǻģʡ⣬ӦǱߵܣүôȥǲʲôȦףǵ绰үүôЩɻ˵
ֻһµ绰룬ͷˣ绰үүģҸղһүүͨżھͶǸϽȥɡ
үӺżҲû˵̫˼ǼҪȥȻǵֿ̲ݻĵز
һæ׼һѦҵ˵һҪ뿪
ѦСҲҪŹȥƣ˵һʬҲ԰æһ¡
ЩΣգѦСмҵˣҲðգ˶ͬȥѦСҲ޿κΡ
ܿ죬һ˱Ѧҩ̣Ŵȥһ·չͻȻһ飬СŸ磬ҪҪǿһȥѾӷˡ
˼»ͲҪ˰ɣҿ˰չ
չЩ˼һЦ˵ҸղŸһϢѾظˣ˵Ӵʡͭظǻϡ
ȻѾ֪ͨˣǾɣǸϽߡҴߴٵ
߳˴ӣҵͣڲԶĳӣȻһֱɻĺֱ࣬ӷɵʡͭڵһУ⳵շתò׵˸үԼõĵطǵʱɫѾЩˡ
յͭصίԺű㿴ίԺͣһûйƣԱվɫɽװˣվѾͷ
һǱ֪ˣǼӿŲ˹ȥ˺ܿҲǣӭ˹
Զһ˱㳯֣Щ˵ãͬ־ֳǵģͺˡ
Ҹֱ֣ӿżɽ˵׷ʲô飬ôôż
ͦżģǳ˵ֳѾһûкˣҲʱŵġһ˵һߴ˳ţһ˽ȥ
ͨһ߰˸ˣԵЩӵҲֻܽһˡ
˸ʻһ£֪Ƿʲô顣
¶Ҫǰ˵ȷе˵ǰϣͭһȵĵطһСӣӲҲֻʮˣͻȻ֮䣬һ˶ˣȻ󱻹·˸ˣæ˾¶͵ĺܿ죬һʼǵعֽӵ˱ӵعתй֣Ȼй־Щ죬飬ܿ˼Ա鿴еʬ岱϶ѪڵѪˣ˸ʬ˵϶ǽʬΪ
ʬֶȻǸ껪ĸҲʱзʵʬֶҲر£һĽʬúֶܶζԸǣڹѪľ֮ĶµЩȼܸߵĽʬƷʮԶԸ
缸ǰĺĸɣǻƺӹʬʮֲֿĴڡ
һηĽʬ䣬صԱܿжϳЩϮ˵ĽʬʲôĴڣҲһЩëʬҪôͨʬǻȷһǣϮɱЩ˵Ĳֻһ߽ʬ
ЩҧĴϵ˿Щ˿ڲһ㣬дСӶܹжϳҧĲֹһ߽ʬǾж٣Ҳ
Ϊʲô˵ΪͨĽʬأ
Щ˵ˣȼܸߵĽʬһҧ֮ʬܿ췢ʬ䣬ʬּĽʬʬĹҲ죬ʱһͻᷢʬ䡣
ȼԽߵĽʬҧ֮ЩʬɽʬٶȾԽ졣
ֽʬҧˣһʱ˾ͻᷢʬ䡣
Ǹ˱ҧôãûκʬļЩʬ̺ʬҲ࣬Щʬĵȼȷǲߡ
ǣһڴأһϣЩʬŵ˵϶ǵġ
û뵽ǣЩԱڴΧ˷󣬶һ˲侯װ˽˺ڹѪӵΪ˶ԸЩʬģһҹ֮䣬Щ׽ʬˡ


2208 и
ڳǼ˶ʱͲܵˡ
صɳôˣһкǹʵ侯սʿ棬ȻһȫûˣҲ̫˼ˣǵʲô
˵˲ɵֱ
˶ݵĳĬ˼Ƭ̣ʵղ˵ص侯սʿȫʬҧˣֳûвĺۼûбĽʬʬ
ҡҡͷ˵ĺۼ϶еģô˵ҲصˣûʲôֶΣҲţЩ侯սʿǹӵҲ඼ˣȴܽκһ߽ʬֻ˵ʬ壬ûпʬڡѾصܾǱߵ˸߶ӣصֵܾ˹ˣֺͻֵҲڣڶۼ˺ȸѾֵĺܴˣеѾ٣Ϊ˾飬صѾۼ˺ܶྫȫڴˣȡѸٵƽϢ̬񻯡
˵ôأǼ˲ɵöһۣȷЩ˼ˡ
һ߽ʬʬ嶼û£Щŵ˵
ûСұˣһûз֣ϿʼصѾ֪ͨŽΧȫˣѰЩʬ䣬ǹǵʱ򣬻ûȷеϢ˵нʬҵˣ֪ʲôˡʮƵ˵
ǱҧЩ˵ʬ廹ûǸʵ
Щ˵ʬ嶼תˣߵ˻ûüתƳȥڴأͬ־ǸʬҵĴˣڸֽʬ˽⣬ȥʲôɵİˣʬŪĻ̻̣صҲЩսľġ˵
ʲôǹȥ˵ɣû֤ݣҲ½ۡɫ
ʵ˵⻰ʱȴ뵽үүǸʬҵĴˣҲͬҲǣڸʬͽʬүү˽һҲ٣ҲҶ࣬϶о顣
еҵϱУұ˻治Уֲүүҹһˡ
ϾƽʬķϣʬߺéɽԼʬȫǿƽʬá
һ·˵ţ㵽һʮƫƧСĴڣѾˣ˷ص˺侯սʿվڷڡ
ҪӱҪͨعؿҪǹǻһܹȥ
һ˵Ĵ֮£ǽ˴ΪĵڣһԺӦǴί֮Ĵڣ˵үүԺ֮С
ԺſڻмصվڣԱ߻м侯սʿ֤֮ǲŷǼ˽ȥ
һԺſڣŵһʮŨѪΪϤʬ
ǽʬζ
Ǽ˺ܿԺӣӳıǺŷԺĺüʬ壬һƬײţҴɨһۣ²ʮʬ
߽Ժʱ򣬺ܿ쿴үү¾¾ֳԱ߻һˣǺųƴڵһֵүӣȻҲ
ǽûǵע⣬ǼֻǾڼʬԱߣСʲôÿ˵ɫ̫ÿԵʮֳء
첽ߵǵߣ˵һֳ¾ֳүӣǱҽӻˡ
˻һڣǼ˵Ŀų߿˹
үүæ֣˵СšǼӸϽơ
үӵĻǼӿ˽ŲߵǵߣǴһк䣬үֱ⣬˵Сţ⼸߽ʬʲô·
üͷŵŵļʬȥʱ򣬲ɵһ㶣⼸߽ʬڷ֮»ɭĹâֵϾȻףȻѾʴĲˣȴҲܹĳһЩģԵǵĶȫǺɫģһӲ
һĽʬǰɫģֻһֽʬŻ
үүЩʬĽʬӦʬӦòǶôĽʬҵ
ǰʬС˵ôΪרŶԸֽʬģϻпƽʬķǶص˵һϴѣϣصȥɽЩʬ˺ü֣ﻹиġ
˵ţүүƿ˲Զһײһ߽ʬԱߵЩһȫǹͭɫ


2209 ؿںӡ
ͭɫ۾ͭɫƤǶҲǹͭɫģһǽʬӣӲֽʬȸղǾʬļҪһΣͭʬ
еʬ֮У֡סʬķΪ򵥵ģֻܹĸΣʬͭʬ֮⣬ʬͽʬ
ǵķ򵥣ÿһ֮䣬ʵԶͭʬɱҪʬ౶ʵǿȻǽʬʬʬȽϵĻʬҪʬࡣ
ǰƷЩʬֻмʬͭʬûзָߵȼĽʬڡ
ֻǿһ۱ϳͭʬǱүү˵үүطôֽʬ
үү̾Ϣһ˵ΪʬҵĺˣСӿ϶ҲһЩüĿЩʬ򵥣ܹγɡʬһطʬأЩʬǹŴıĺԹΪףճɽʬĻƬڿкֽܶʬĴڣҲпʬͽʬһֽʬаЩܿˣүүǹæܹԸʬ˲ࡣ
Ӧһ˵үүģǼڣнʬҲ¡
ʱͻȻһ飬үүЩʬҧأܲܿ
󣬵һǰϱҧĵصˣڶϱʬҧģûüߣԼȥɡүү˵
ӦһߵЩҧ߿˿ƿһײײһɽװӣԼʮ꣬Ѿɱ˫ĿգɫҰмԵѪĿģһǱʬҧġ
һЩ̫ģǸ˵˼£ûĵطˣһ֮£ʱһҸоЩ쳣
ҵ˵ĿѵʱͻȻ;Щ̫Ծ˵ؿڰ͹ƽݽȥһ
æֽ⿪˵·Ȼ˵ؿһɫӡһƵأֱӽؿڴ߹ǶĶˡ
ֳſƤһۣ۾ѪǿҲѾ˵Ѫ顣
Ǹ֣æкһүүǿ
ҵк˺ܿ쳯߾ۼ˹ŶǸؿڴӡɵȫһ
ذôЩ϶Ǹأүүüͷ˵
ⶼǹؼһʼΪЩȫǱʬҧģʵǱɱˣֻǱǲϵҧţҲ˵Ϯص˲ֻЩʬлһϸƣЩʬϻûˡүɫ
үһ˵˾æʼϸЩʬ壬ʱүͻȻ΢ЦſҵСӣּˣһͷһ⣬ǺηصҪ鷳ˡ
ǰˣⶼӦġҿ
˵Żһ֮󣬺ܿµķ֣ЩʬϷӡ֮ǰֵǸӡһģһǱ˴߹ǣˣǲӴҧֻЩʬȥġ
ţ˹˵⼸˶ͭصˣΪߵλ˵ûʲô֣Ǳʬҧġ
Ҳ֮УҲ˵ʱʬûʱ򣬸ЩʬһֵͬĻһˣЩ˳صڶԸʬʱͻȻϮļй֮£صߵ˲ȫûġ
ôˣ۶ӵ˵ʲôأ
һ˲䣬˵Ժ֮п϶ֳ֣ǾһصҲֻܹôɥĲ
ϸһ£ɱ˵ĲǽʬˣЩ˵ľٶЩ֣Ǻͽʬһ֣ܹ˵һ㣬Щ˿ܲ½ʬܹٿЩʬһҲʮֹؼЩ˲ûʹ˳˲ϵ˿ڣҲʲôˣԷڸʲô֪һ˵Ĵڡ¾¾ֳ
᲻һص˸һıԽЩеӡԽƣǸ϶ѾӸɱ˰үүɻ
Ǹһص򽻵ô꣬ԽԽ㲻϶ˣϷҲоЩ̫ԾڸϽȥ飬ЩҧĴûˣȻѸͨүһȻ˵


2210 ˿
үӵܿ´˳ȥƹһн
֮ҪһЩʬ壬Ҫȷһ飬ҪЩ֮ԱɱûΪĽ롣
ӾһСɽϣλûǲģˮҲԣ˵յѾ˴ӵߴ̣֪ڵЩʲô
һ̣۷˻ɫղڸߴɽǰһƬأӦñǴ˵еʬأͨʬصķΧ󣬵⴦ڣôһƬطȫԼƺзãҲ̫ȷֻǸоһЩϢڣ֮ǰ˵ǰƬӽȣʲô˵ûУ
Ƭ˭Ҳ֪ˣһֱûжﶼҰķֵЩҶӶѪɫģɽҰʮֺÿĴطסһֱĶͦãֻǴ˵ںֵֹЩߵֵ֮󣬾һЩ񺿵죬ʤһ·ȴûгһϣû˸ö֮һƬӾͱ˳֮ΪˣЩǸϰյĴţǲģ޴ӿ֤ˡ¾ֳǽܵ
ò¾ֳṩϢû̫ʵԵãүӺǲ׽ʲôǳõϢ¾ֳ˵ھϵصĻţ鸽ʷϣûзʲôʷսۻ˻ǺطϽͨ
˶һ㶣֪үʲô˼
¾ֳ쵼ҲҶʣ˵Ͼȥ顣
Ƭ̣ܿ˹˵һ飬˵ЩʬҧѾʬ죬˽ʬҧϲӵǸ˿֮⣬ûзˡ
Ҳ˵ЩȫǽʬҧģǵصıɱЩΪ롣
Է϶ϵص˻˴˴Žǲ˸ȫġ
̶һʱ䣬ϰˣѾһСˡ
Ŀǰɵأ񻹰ʮַѽ⡣
Ҽүﵽһ
үӸ˵ȷԲʮķΧȫˣƬ̫һЩ϶©ϵڣصѾ⼸ʮڴŲһ飬Ժ⼸ʬͭʬ֮⣬һ
϶ô򵥣үӾط϶Ľʬڡ
ЩʬصĺǺܺңϾô̫ˣҲչ˵ÿһ䡣
ղү´ٴص˹ȣΪֲһˣнʬ˻ǳ϶һصڱ
ǰ죬ǽʬûʱ򣬴˿ǿ϶һصڣҪҵҲʲô׵顣
ȴвͬǻǲҪȵϣҪϾʬаη⣬ĽʬҲܹ֮ǰʱ̣صʱܹҵǣǾòˣֻ轫Ǳɹ֮£жʬҷ
ҵЩʬǵҲѣǱ̣÷ʬ߸ӦԲ֮ڵа
¶ĺãһϵϣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
Ǽ˼򵥵һ£İ취УǱҵүүүӣǵ뷨һ¡
үӶЩģ˵һнʬһصĶڣ²̫öԸ
үӿģҲǵǰ㱻ǰ۸ֵܶڣõġ
㣬үֻͬ˵䱸ʮ侯սʿţԷ⡣
˵ǲˣһ鷳ǻӦǣЩš
ҪȥȥѰЩʬʱͻȻ˹鿴ȥЩ֣ȵͷ󺹣һֱүӵˣʮּ˵үӡ¾֡֡һܲõ飬ǿҪ׼
ʲô飬Ͻ˵¾ֳæߴٵ
Ҫ뿪ǣܿ۷˻Χм䡣
һ˵ղšղϵʡһʷϵĽڣѯһͭصʷȸǽڸ˵Լغ֮ʣüδģսۣҾںƬڣһܴ˿ӣЩȫǱڻġ


2211 
ʱ˴̣غӵʱսұȽƵʮ򣬼ʮĲڴ̣ʱﵽʵĿʱҲ鱨Ϊˡ
ʷǡмأͶĶʮؾңǡҹؽʮ°ϳǡº˾ءҲ˵ؾ֮⣬ؾʿ౻һҹ֮ɱˡһ𾪵¼ʷġ
Ĵط鲻ЩʿӴʱҷҪݹӦԣһʿΪ򵥶ֱЧİ취ǽȫɱֽ˺֮ǣ˵á
һɱô˲ô򵥵飬Դ󲿷ֶѡɱںһӣñʿȫ֮УȻЩ˻񣬸ɴ䣬ֹܷ߷
ԣ˵֮һ˿ӵʱ˶м١
¶ڹŴ̫ϡƽˣʱз
ʱҲ֪үΪʲôҪغȥһͭصʷȣԭΪȷһ顣
ʵһʼܹһЩߵģʬͭʬ֮ԵĽʬ󲿷ΪŴʿصɵ⼸ʬͭʬҲûȫĿױõ֤
ߣ֮ǰ¾ֳҲ˵ˣƬȴӺܾúܾ֮ǰˣƬȫǺһƬֹֻϵʱܹӺִĹ񺿵
죬ĸ
˴һ˿ӣЩʿڱʱп϶;ʹĺ֮иԹѻ
׻˵ĺã³ΪһƬȫǺⱾйŹ֣ؼľӷѿʱǺɫ͸ӵĹˡ
ʬŴʿôҲֲ̫ˡ
ȷ֮˲ȫɫ䡣
ƬȣԲʮôһƬطȫʬأһЩʿȫ˽ʬǶôֲ׳۵Ļ档
̸ͲǼֵܹģôĽʬǷʬٸ
үүԼ¾ֳĻ㱨֮󣬳ӣ´ͬСɣϷ飬Ƕˡ
ү˵֣أ˶תͷүү쵼ָʾ
һ֪ͨصܾ֣̬Ըǻ㱨һ£صֵܾĸֶһЩصܹõˣж٣ܹάָصıԱְԱȫæڶɢȷԲʮ֮ڵȫΣûн֮ǰȲκһɵ̤룬ص֮κ˳ûһܻ׽κη̻ɱϽΧһЩھһʬأ̿˿ʬûлʬûбˣȫ˽ʬһ鷳Щ˻ΌסԣЩҪʵʩҪ֮ǰҵ˿ӵڣҽЩʬڳȵ֮󣬹ƾҪˡүһָǧĴ󽫾һһ˵ôࡣ
үһٶͣ˼·ֹȷҲУһһλϵˡ
үү¾ֳүӵĻ֮󣬷׷׵ͷֹ
쵼ģԸЩȥ죬֤񡣡үү
ϽȥɡүӴߴٵ
үү¾¾ֳصʼүӵķԸȥˡ
һжڰͰĽУֻ̬ʼһֲ״̬Ʒչˡ
оȻЩļоһսҪ١
˶ɢ֮󣬴˴ʣֵܼүӡ
λ֮Ϊڵһֵ˼ң˻еæҲΪˡ
̾ϢһһصһղϷĿˣϹͷҲУˣǼСӣϷһǺƣһȥ˿Ӱɡ
Ǽ˷׷׵ͷܹһλִһ𣬵ǼĪҡ
˵䣬ǱүӵĴ֮£Ǻȵķȥոճ˴ӣҵֻͻȻһȻǿСӴģ˵Ѿͭأôȥ
ӻѷᣬ»ڼҲ߽ģߴһŮ˵ȷЩ̫㡣


2212 ·
˶ˣҲ˵ʲôߣյΪҲͦϾɽϵŮ˵Ҳܸǰϴæֻ֪ͨȥӦһǣȻٸҹǡ
˴Ѿķ˺óһʱ䣬ǳүȥȵʱѾʮӣʱǱҪֶ룬һʢ˥Щʬûʱ򣬲ǳûҵдʮԣǱҪ֮ǰҵǸ˿ӣʱڿıɹ֮£ЩʬʬйѴ֮ɻⳡΣ
¶˵򵥣϶ôףطʮֻƧسҲһСʱ·̣ھͲ֮ĴͻеҲҪüСʱ֮ˣֳٶȾͺߣǻһʲôʱܹҵʬأ˵֮ǰҲء
һжδֻ֪ܾԼŬȥѰҡ
үӵĴ֮£ɫҴңǺȶȥ
˶ߣų̼죬ԭȻͦһξ룬ԼСʱ֮ǱѾ˺ȵıԵش
һǼ˶ܹܵﴫʵʵʬҪ˵ûèš
վӱԵͣƬ̣үӽ˵ǷѰңٶϻһЩطȻƫƧص߹źżǿǷԲʮÿ϶ֻʱϵ
Ǽ˱˴˿һۣ׷׵ͷ˵á
ȻүӽֵϷԼһ飬һСҸ绰ʱϵǼԼֳ飬ط˵һصÿʵƽһЩ鷳ҲиӦ
үӰ¶Уҷ㵽и뵽ȫˡ
£Ǳ飬ѡ˰չһ飬ϻɻһһ顣
зʬߣܹѰЩʬ䣬̣ҲܹҵЩʬټ
үӣ˼Ǵڵһֶ֣ο϶Ǹòǲˣ϶Լİ취ܹѰ˿ӵ䡣
򵥵ķ֮˷ֱֿǰС
ó˷ʬߣͰչһмλȥˣүӺػǰʲôҲĻǱյ㼯ϡ
ʬһó֮󣬱㿪ʼ΢΢˸ʮйɣȻʬͦŨأȴʮƽ˵ȵıԵش϶˿ӵڡ
ҺͰչƲǰ˴ԼаСʱĹ򣬷ʬһֱûʲô̫ı仯ֹûãҵֻˣһһ֮ͨ˵
һʵСţǱʲô
Ÿûãʲôҵ
Ѿľˣҷһ⣬ĿǰڵλãѾʼʧˡɫ
ʧ飿Ϊʲôӣɻ
֮ǰұ˵ȿǱ˶ֽţһʮķߵ֤֮뷨طȷз󣬶Ҳֹһҵܵ˼ĸţⷨԭɵģһʱҲ֪Ƿʲôλܹҵ˿ӵϣãˡֵ
ô죿ҪȻǹҺͰչҵ
ˣ취ɣͼҵ취ܲãҲ֪еķʬûܵţǷʬվǸҪҵ̺ʹ࣬Ӧκβǰ߿ɣʱϵ˵ţ͹ҵ˵绰
ҷŵչҲȫ˶Щ߷ߵ϶һصĹԴ֮ͣһʱ䣬ûãֳ飬θ̻ĴҲ֪Щ񾭲ɶ
ǲǹ̹˵ˣǸϽǰߡҴߴٵ
ҺͰչǰ˲һСʱѾ߳Զ˺ȵ
طȫǷʮֵĴ׳ߴЩҪ˲ܺΧ
Խߣľӵĸߴգ֮źһҶЩܵĵط͸ɭɭЩ
ߵʱ򣬷ʬĩ˵СͻȻ˸ƵһЩ֮ǰĽҪ˺ܶࡣ
СףСĵ⸽ѵ
չӦһֱӳ˻𾫳һǰС
ţͻȻչȻһݣȻӶȥ
СŸ磡չ


2213 
ڰչһ̶֮еʱ㳯Űչ˹ȥĹ򣬰չѾ̶֮д롣
չҲûиʲôֻǲϵȻԽˣӾԽ죬գۼĹӱѾ䵽ؿڵλá
ɽ֮УЩӣǳҶѻöɣҶ֪˶ͷһʱҶõĸ죬Ȼ滹һҶŸƽ죬ǵȥʱ˲ȥ
ֵطԽԽչĺܿ죬Щŵ˵СŸ硭ңжץҵȡ
չߴ٣лһ£ȥȴԼһ̶֮ͬС
ղŰչȻ˵жȣ͸Щ˼ˣʲôܹ棿
չ뵽ӵλˣ˫ֻڲͣҲʮֽǼǣҺܿ뵽һ⣬һ߶ԦľŲľ֮ƽ֮Ͽٵ˻ĲŰչӶȥһ±ס˰չ˫֣ҿЩĲչٵȻܹչٶȣչӻһһ䡣
˿ʲôŰչ˫ȡ
ҿƵЩĲıֱʱҪѵĸо
£ٴٴһЩĲŰչϲƶȥչֱ۲Ƶ飬ûðչӼ䡣
СŸ硭Ķҧҡ㡭㽫ŪչЩˡ
̶֮УٴıҲʩչ
չıʮʹ࣬Ҳżզ죬ôĲ޷չ
ҲǼˣڰչһһþ޴ķٴδ߶ԦľǷһִ֦´䣬ЩĲһֲƵǴִ֦֮ϡ
͵Ǵִ֦ʱϵȥһΣǴһ±㽫չ˳
Ǳİչһˣڰչ滹һཬļһ˫ץס˰չ˫ȣһŴ쳯ŰչȶϿҧţչȶѪֹ۵İչ졣
ջһշ䣬շֻһ޴Ļ򣬳ץŰչ˫ȵǸһ˹ȥ
䡱һ죬ǻǹϣǹﵱһƺɿ˰չ˫ȣµڣֻһ˲ǹ㱻ӸǣҲϨȥ
ΣҴ߶ЩĲչ˹Ĵ䵽ҵߣЩĲ˻ȥչһƨɾ˵ϡ
ţұ鿴չƣСȶϾȻôһ⣬Ѫֹ۵İչֱҧŭ˶˺üأû뵽ȴһСʬϳ˿үġ
æǬ˱ѦС߸ҵֹѪҩ˰չ˿ϣȰչֹסѪ˵ɴϲ˺üȦ
ĹɴϽѪͱ˺ɫȻʬһչɫЩˡ
ץסȵǽʬӦһͭʬʬͦ͵ġ˵ţұ˷ʬߣݸ˰չ˵ҧסʬߣʬ
չӦһ㽫ǷʬߺǷʬ߲ϵ˸չɫҲʬܿͱʬ߸ɵˡ
չŪģǲִǬ˱ó˻ϴ·ϣչȴ˰֣˵ûˣôŰɣҲϴ裬һҪŪ࡭ˣСŸ磬нʬҪҵ˿ӻ᲻棿
˵ղ÷ʬ̽Ѱһ£аأȴرŨӦò
ҺͰչ˵ţȻչ۾ͻȻһµԲˣķȥæͷһ߰׵ĵطͻȻӵصһ˫˫ۣڷָ׷쳣һһʬ
ǿһʬʱʬΧļطҶ׷ɢһͻȻӵϹ˳Ȼһ˫һ˫ٵĴӵص˳
˵ﲻǡ㿴ôཀྵʬô͸ҳˣչЩŵ˵
ķߴŨܣҶգ͸ҴӵصЩʬ϶źཬҲ粻͸ǵ壬ǰ


2214 ʬ
һĹ򣬱мʮ߽ʬ֮˳ϵཬܺһдཬ˵ϡ
µľԵЩʬҺͰչʱû˿ľţתͷ˰չСףܳŵס𣿡
û˵ͷ㲻϶ôأʬγˣû⡣չɫ
ǺãȰЩʬſ˵һ֣ǽԾȻ
չҲеĻ𾫳Ϊǣܿ쳯Щʬɱ˹ȥ
Щʬ϶źཬҸֱ治ЩʬʲôĽʬڱǰЩʬͬʱҴéɽ壬Ĭ˼ھ㽫éɽζһ塱죬ʮָнУд󲿷ֽʬȫͣ˶ʼͣĲչЩʬҲͣ˶
Щʬ֮У߽ʬжĳٻԾų߶һ߽ʬûܵéɽ̫Ӱ죬Ծٶɺܿ졣
չǱߵҺһǱߴ󲿷ֽʬȫéɽסˣֻһ߽ʬɱȥ
Ǿ߳ҿĽʬ΢΢һЦæ˽꣬ٴéɽסЩܹҿƵĽʬֱӵǾ߳ҵĽʬ
ǸʬܿƵĽʬʮ߽ͣʬոյǰ棬㱻һ¸ײ˳ȥԾ
ڳһֻ֣ٴջһһǽʬȥ
֪ǽʬȻ֪Ǿ޴Ļײϣ㳯һȥ
һһĴþײжٻĽʬϣ䡱һȼ
ȻЩʬ϶źཬҴʱֱ治ʲôȼĽʬéɽһ¾̽˳
Щ׾ͱéɽסĽʬȻʬɣжĳٻӦͭʬǸû̫ܵӰĺпܾʬˡ
éɽȻܹƽʬҲʲôʬܹƵס
ʹ÷ʬߵ˵ΪǽʬĵĪĹ
ʹ÷ʬߵΪԽߣܹƵĽʬԽ࣬ʬĵԽߣȻԽԿơ
ʬһ¿ס˼ʮʬûٿסʬˡ
Щʬĵиëʬļ࣬ͭʬӦǸëʬļ𣬶ʬļӦëͷɽ֮䣬ʬĵѾʮǿˣ֮ǰûǽʬһִڡ
߱ͭʬ˲ȼյž죬˵ϡ
ǾпʬļһޱѸٵĳ߼ԾٶȺܿ죬ȻЩӲһԾ֮߰ԶۿžҪߵʱͻȻһſڣһɫĶҺ㳯˹ͻȻٶһΪ⽩ʬֻҧأ⽩ʬȻܹ綾ҺҿҷӦʱٰ˲ֶζͬʱٵĳʬ󣬽궸Ȼһ㳯ʬĺ󱳿˹ȥ
ʬҳʱ򣬱㷴Ӧ˹͵һתȻ˫צӣһѽҵĽץסˣ⽣Ҳһǿķʬץסʧ֣˫צ϶ʱð˰ɫʬʱ̧һţ㳯ʬ˹ȥ
һŹȥоһǽϣȶķ飬ˣһǽʬ߷˳ȥ
ʬ˵ϣ涼ҳһܿٴε
һβٴԾ߱ٵƶʬ廨͵һʱϣµϣжܵ˼ơ
ٴδ߶ٰ˲еĽ껻˷ʬߣգۼ䵽ߣȥ
ʬԸ˱ٴſ˴죬׼ʬʱҵķʬ߱ı˷һ±
үģҽ磬㻹ĳô
ʬеʬʱҵĲϰɫʬڣʬʬ߸ˡ
ӵĹ⾰ʬֹͣʹİһˣֱͦͦվѾɥʧһй
ʬֽʬĽʬһʬĹˣûսȴɱԭĿֲģ
ҽЩߵʱʬźȻء
ҳ˷ʬߣʬϵ࣬ʬݹɫģϣһʬ
˷ʬߣùȥչæʱȴ䡱һ죬չƴǾʬ𾫳ĻȼˣʹĵڵϷ


2215 ʬϳ
չǻ𾫳ĻҲǴһȻҲܹסصĽʬ
СӸղűһʬҧһڣʮֻֿ϶Ҫ࣬æأԼͽʬ˻㣬һ֣һ׾㳯ʬϴ˹ȥ
һ¹ȥʬֱӺȻأâ˸̹ܿû˶
չܹԸʬҾͷ˺ܶ࣬ŷʬߣЩ֮ǰéɽסʬͭʬ˹ȥɵϵʬһ߾ʬȻأǲٱɽʬˡ
ٴչϣչͷҵСŸ磬ص¿϶нʬˮ棬϶ֹһߡ
п϶УҲˣʬʾطɷ֮Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳûа취Ǹڳֻ֪ͨص˹취Щʬڳҵ
ǽô죬ȥǣټǰߣչʵ
ҳƬ̧̣ͷ˿ɫѾʱ֣ǻȸǴһ绰ʣǱôˣȻɡ
չ˵ͷͻȻʲôСŸ硭ҾЩ̫Ծ
ôˣʵ
˵һ˿ӣټһƬʬأҲ˵Щʿʬʬصȫ˽ʬֵǣһʬǺܶ࣬ҲôʮߣԷЩʿʱ򣬲ֻһСӣ⼸ʮʿɣչɻ
չ˵Ĳ޵ȷЩ֣Щ˵ʱ򣬿϶ͼʡ¶оֱӸϵںõһȻл񣬼̫࣬ҪֿĻǶҲӣд
ⵥʮƺЩ̫ܡ
һʱҲЩ벻ͨеԵɣ֪Ϊλ״
ںͰչʱͻȻϵֻˣóһһġ
һͨһСŸ硭Ǳʲô
̫ãչһʬҧһڣ˵ĲǺأ˼ʮ߽ʬΧѾҺͰչ㶨ˡҵ
ҲˣһԾ
ô˵Ҳˣҷʵ
ǲˣոҲսһﾹȻкüܹ綾ҺʬѶԸǻ˺óʱŽģЩʬǴģû֪ǰﵽ׻ûСһ޵ĵ˵
һǾȻһ飬Щˣƺоһıĵ֮ǰصҶһ飬ҲһʬʮߣҲΪͨʬͭʬһʬˣЩ̫
ҺһŻûлӦһЩʵСŸ磬ô죿ҪҪǰˣȫʧ飬һҲ𲻵
һ£ҸүӴ绰˼ٸϵҵ
һӦһ˵ðɣȻұҵ˵绰ҪүӴ绰ʱ򣬵绰Լʲôʲôүðѵ绰˹
Сšأүʮʵ
Ĺһۣ˵Ҳ֪ԼģӦǰԭƻ˺ȴԼʮĵطǱôˣ
ҵ⽩ʬϳˣߵ˸ϽɣߵķҹͺáѾ֪ͨص˹ԮˣСʱ֮ͲĲֱ͹װ֮϶ھ򡣡үӵ
صοʮ飬ܹȫ֣ھͲͿǱѡЩеɢˣȻֱ˵װҵҪǽľˣ֪ܹɣھʱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰЩʬڳ̫±ɹƾȥЩʬƴ֪Ҫ֡
Ӧһ˵ܿͻкһǹȥȻ͹ҵ˵绰
ұһкһֱӳүӵǸϱá
ָչ˵һչҲЩС˷ܣ˵ҵˣеһʯͷ˵ء
£ҺͰչӿ˽ŲүӵǸ˹ȥڰչˣٶȱһЩ·ϻЩӳ֣ұ㽫ʦָ˳ǰǴ·һʲôԣʦֵαСٽǡ


2216 ׼
ڶʦֵĺ棬Ҵһȳһյİչүȥķϡ
һ·֮ϣжʦ޴·Ҳ̫ƽһһȽϾǰˮӣԼҲܹжϳֱƿȥ
ҴŰչǰУǰ˴ԼһСʱҵĹ⾰ͻȻǰ濴ʬ壬ɵȫס˽Ų
ʦһЩʬ壬æ첽˹ȥЩʬԱת˼Ȧñ˼£ܿжȥ˷ҺͰչ߹ȥһŵĲˣһЩʬ󲿷ֶʬͭʬʬϻཬЩʬ˿ѾȫãЩʬЩʬ嵶һǱˡ
龰ҺͰչЩԾüһʬҪͨЩëͺëʬҪǹ룬ͭƤǣȻɱҡ
ЩʬȻ߹·ߣȻүնɱ
Ǵڵһ֣Щļʬмֱ翳вһף˳Щڵϵļʬȥ϶һֻʬģһؿڣһնԴɴ䣬ԲʲôˮУЩʬɵĵطȽϼУֻ˵һ飬ʱүӿ϶ڼ̵ʱڽЩʬȫڵصġ
˵ļʬչɵһڵһ鴫⽣ֱ̫ˣЩʬܹ˲ӣôģ
չ˵ĵȷˣΪҿ϶һģҪȻ˼Ҳᱻ֮Ϊڵһ֡
ֻڴ˴ͣƬ̣ҺͰչٴ·үӵķȥ
ǰ˴ԼСʱ֮ǰͻȻȻʣïܵƺ͸ĺУͻȻһƬյأ޴ķ˵ɵ˵ϣԲ֮ڶûпһͦľ
֮һչһ£Ĺһ֮󣬽ű㿴˼վɵ˵ķϵˣһүӣ⼸һǡ
һ֣ͷǣ֣ҸϽȥҲŰչԽЩᵹ˵ϵķǻһ
ǼһչཬϻɴǱģɵöһЦЦŵСףСôôǱǰԸʱ򣬶ҳӡ
ˣ˭ﻹӣнʬһû񣬱㱻ǽʬҪСŸЩҹƾͼˡչƵ˵
˵زأүӿ˰չ
ءƤ˶ѣлүӹչ
үɫأǼһۣǶ˴Щʬֲص֮ǰǵټڵص¶ء¶ԽԽˣ֮ǰΪЩʬۼһô򵥣ѾҵһʬȽϼеĵططأŵһǧϵļʬ
ү˵æʬ߸˳˼΢΢һ֮䣬Ƿʬĩ˵С˸˼֮ͻȻһƬ죬˸ˡ
طصġ
ʱү˵ǰҾȹŹֵĺܣطв÷ģַѰǿģҲֻѰһ˿ټȫʧ飬ܿơ
үӵ˵ͷ˵ҲоˣȷǱ˶ֽţǲǻҪ˴Ľʬȫɾ˵Ҫȱ֤ȺڵͲƲʧС
ǰôȫˣչʵ
ҿģһֱ͹ھͲװҵǽŵµƬһصʬأұһ鳡أһҲҵǣֱҲиſյĲǡүӵ˵
ȥүӲȥľ˼ֱϧˣĹ򣬷Բ׵ľ޴ȫ̵ˡ˵䣬Զ㴫һֱĺ֮Զ˷˹
ֹƬ̣ҿֱĳ˺üţ¡¡ĳ߷˹ȫүƬյ֮ϡ
ֱǾֱܴغܶ࣬һأ˺ܶഩžװĴ󺺣ֱϵĻٵжȻ˿ʼװЩ
ֹƬ̣¾¾ֳٶصĸֳ˹ϾҪֽⷽԲ׵ĵطգʼڿЩʬ


2217 Ӱ
һжڰͰĽţ¾ֳ˶ٶصĸ֣⻹һЩȫװ侯ؾһΣ¾ֳĸֺܶ඼ǴӾصֵܾĸ֣⻹һֵĹǸΪӦԴ˴Ľʬ¼ķ˺ܴ
һ¾ֳүүôûй¾ֳ˵үүΧƬȸΧΪıǲһص˹ңүүһҪ񣬱ǸɢסںȷԲʮ֮ڵȺڣһ̬ӵ˲ƿصĵزеĽʬ˳ȥǿɲ飬ǼĿֻţԣүүҲʮּ޵ġ
ɢΧ˵ҲүүΪеصйزŽУүүҪǲúȸ֣һҪϷأںĽʬûɾ֮ǰκ˲̤˴һ
ȵٶص˶ǾӢеľӢղҲ鳤׵ӰæĲֺкûü
һ¾ֳ˵ȸصֻصеľӢʮ֮һֶûУص黹ڲϵ˹֮ظźͷŵĸҲ½ɽɵ˹֧Ԯ
ʮӣѾΪ˺ͷļȡ֮ڽе¼ƽϢȻܹõȫˡ
¾ֳһ˵Ǽ˲ɵöһмٺˣҲ˵ΧصĸǧϣһеźͷŵĸֹԮ
ⳡȷǹˣѩʱԶԶﲻּ
Ҳǣпһ˿ӣ˿ӵڵĵطһʬأһȷط˿ӵַôһ߽ʬпܴӵ
һ߽ʬ;ÿֲһһ߽ʬܵسǻߴڼ̵ʱڱѪɺӵıҾ棬ؼЩʬ֮п϶кܶʬĴڣʬҲǼпֵܳġ
ǽʬֲֿĴڣɱǿֲģֻǴǼ洫ǱϿмأ֪ʬϻᷢɢһĹٶȺ͹ǳǿģһ˽ʬһЩ򵥵˼άܲöԸ
һ㣬ǸʲôʷĽ˵Щ˿Ķغսܵķ²ǾǾǧˣʱʬ˭֪ЩԹ;ʿڴ˴ܹʲô̥иڽʬĴҲδ֪
ʵһҾʮƣΪɶ֮ǰǧʱ䵱УЩʬеĽʬûи飬ͻȻȴðͷȷֵ˼
̽һ飬ȴ΢˫Ŀָţ֪ڸʲô飬Ҳûȥ
¾Ҳûи˵̫࣬ܿȥָæ
æž䣬æŽ֮ǰϿڵصЩתƵԶ
кܶ˼ܵķΧϵ
ү˵ǽŵ˲һǧ߽ʬǿ϶һܴķΧ
ʵΧһĿģóһĽʬڳֱǣжȥһʬòˡ
ǱѾʼæװ˻̧ͷһɫѾʱ֣ۿʱҪˡ
ʱΪңأʱڽʬϣܿжȥϵʬʱҲУֻһЩˣЩʬжȥʬʱҲӳһЩ
ΪеıˣǼ˴һһ¸ղʬ顣
ҺͰչڰչӵ²ЩʬϻһǱһЩϻͣʱͻȻһ߽ʬ˳һҧסе϶ŵϻε㺮ӶûüᣬϽ𲧳ǽʬȥ
һܿмʮ߽ʬǼ˸Χˣ˰СʱŽЩʬ㶨
ڣһʬ飬ϻﶼӰвһͱ̫ࡣ
;õù͸İչ˻еʱЦǰϣ˵ǽʬôһҧ϶أԺϻͿרУÿŮˡ
˵ǱѾм̨ھװɹˣһ֮ھ㿪ʼڵò˶ãطڳһӳ
ܵķ˵Ŭ֮£һСʱʱ֮ھһԲ׵ľ޴ռһ뵽ܹܿĽʬһֱĸоҶˣοء


2218 Ҫ
һ׼ھ¡¡죬ϵĺܿ챻ڿһӣȻЩڳתƵĵطǼҵһڴ˴һЩĵƣ϶µĹȻ龰ڴЩʬڳ龰ֻһǧ߽ʬ϶Ҳʮֵ𺳡
ʱһһţʱʱı̧ͷɫʱ䲻ˣѾˣѾʱصʱ
ܴһѾŬˣɻǴʱֻҪ̫ûɽһжлأЩʬĺ֮ǰûнڳһϣеһж˱ЩѾĻڿӣԾĹ
¾ֳһֱڴߴЩ˶ӿ죬һСʱȥˣĵҵʱ򣬷Բ׵ĵطѾڳһ׶ĿӳڳԶѾѻһСɽ
һվڸߴǱоЩ̫Ծˡ
һʼڳǺЩˮǷҶ֮֮ڱһĻһ׶֮ɫͱ˺ںɫǸɺԵѪڵʱ򣬿ھĺЩ˱㿪ʼЩˣ¾ֳȴЩ˼ڣͣ
¾ֳ϶Ҳ֪϶죬æкһЩص˿ŷЩʬһ¶ͷ㶯ʰǡ
Լæ˰СʱңⷽԲ׵ڳһ׶࣬Ҳ˵ɿڳ׶ɫɫʺɫҲԽԽʪʱһȥڳĶһЩѪɫӡ
ЩѪɫ£һŰɫԶǱܹŵɢһɴ̱ǵĸζ
ֹƬֿ̣ʼðһɫݣȻ׷ױѿۡ졣
ˡҪˣ˸Ͻվڿүæк˵
ھЩȥˣǸһӻƶûм˹ĳЩӻˣȶӶڴŵɫˡ
ȫѪ֮ͻȻ䣬ðѪݵ֮һ±ܳһ߽ʬһ˻𣬳Լһ˹ȥ˵Ǹ˻һͨˣһĻȫɵˣվﶼ˶
˵ʱʱ죬վڿӱϵүͻȻһһʯͷ߷˳ǽʬϣǽʬ㱻ʯͷҵķ˳ȥ˵˵ϡ
ȻѾĹ⾰̫ɽȽ
ǸʯͷŵĽʬϣʱڣǱϢˣʬйɵġ
һ߽ʬðͷܿӶĴѪˮһһһߵĽʬǸܵ˻˵ϢʼĳԼҧ
죡¾ֳ滹ûüЩ˴
ܿ˽˳棬ӦЩûˡ
ʱ㷢һǺһ죬ЩʬȻ϶֣ѪԿǳŻҧȥ
£ĸ˱Щʬ˵˵ϣҧ˲ӣĺǵѪ
ЩʬҲ˲䱻֣ϰ̹ʬڿٵжȥ
աӵʼЩؾ侯Աӵ˺ܴãǵӵǾƵģȾ˺ڹѪ֮ͯĶأӵһ𣬱ܹЩʬһɱʹ͸
ЩʬˣһǹǵԴĻӵϲû̫ãֻܹļ£ڵϣܹܿ
ǼҲվԶΧۣ׷ױǿӱߣӪЩڿûˡ
ʹ콣ǻ㾦һɫĹӽ֮籡Щʬϣ콣ɱӵǿ࣬һɫĹЩʬϣ˲ܽķѣһ¾е
Χôˣ㣬ڿôһӣǸоͱһнʬ֮зųŻȥ
ڣЭЩӵڻ֮£˶ǿ˳Щڿӵĺܶ඼Сսʿôཀྵʬ龰һм˵ʬҧѪأܶһŵ۴ޣЩֱ˿ӡ
˼һ֮£״̬һˣҵһμʬʱҲŲˡ


2219 ʬХ
ĽʬԽԽ࣬Ǹһ̱㱻ȵ֣Ще͵Ľʬܻûȫʬ֮£ϾȻȼɫĻ磬أ˼±Ȼ˵ϣյž졣
󲿷ڿҵ˶ڵͦЩڶĽʬĿܺСҲǷ׷˼һ𾪵ĿǿĽʬһƬһƬĴ֮з
쳣ңүԤϵûŵĽʬһǧϣһĹپ߽ʬ˳վڿӱߵ˿ٵ
ڵĺʮŢЩʬûŵ㣬һ˻ӣЩ侯ؾ׼ԴӵȥûϢ
ֻĽʬ޾һ㣬ȥһֻܿµһʬ߾ۼԼ˲һСʱĹ⾰ڿĽʬʬѾ˺һ㣬ѻһ׶ߡ
ʱѾǰӣͷ谵ܿҪʱˡ
һĽʬûȫɾĻ治֪һ
ʱüͷſӶĽʬʬ忴һۣߵүӵߣС˵ǰĽʬʬԽԽ࣬Ľʬһûмٵ˼һЩʬǻЩʬʬϿҪȡһ´ʩǡ
үӵ˵ͷһۣ˵ĵҲȫ
үӱԸߵ¾ֳһûлϽùãֱӸһЩ͹ȫõ⽩ʬȫճɻңǾͲô鷳ˡ
ȥ졣¾ֳӦһܿԸȥ
Ĺ򣬱мʮ侯սʿŻ淢˳УһȵĻ磬˲㽫ʬΧЩʬʬȼˡ
ϯѬͷۻЩӱ߻ЩĽʬҲһȼˡ
Ƭ֮󣬻ŪͣüͰȫ㵹ʬ֮У˴ںܿһƬ𺣣಻
ŴƬƬĽʬȼⳡεΪ׳ۡ
Ȼ֪УɫѾȼ˰СʱҲС˺ܶࡣ
ЩĽʬ²Ѿһǧˣ˿ȫ˽ڵʬ壬ð̡
һйƽƬһƬǽ壬ȫΧʬԱߣ濴ȥһȫ겻ѡ
Ӧûнʬ˰ɣ¾ֳ˳ͻȻ˵
˵нʬûүӿʬе龰˵
֪үӻһ䣬ʬмλͻȻֹһѣһͷܴĽʬð˳һϵཬ׷׵˵ϣ͵ӳ֮£ϾȻһƬӲӵĹ
߽ʬĸͷͨĽʬһ࣬ǶԽʬʮ˶ʮô磬â䣬ɢɫĹâ
κİεض𣬸Ƶվʬӵм䣬ɨһָۣоµơ
ȥʬ
ڿʬ֮վʬԱߵȫɵˡ
ΪηĶˣҲֻǼ洫ǸС֪ôһǴûмж˭Ҳֻ֪ܸһ֪ܲ
ǽʬ֮󣬽ŷһʬХɽҰ֮еĻϸ߿գһʬХ˽ľ
ŽʬһֽУڽʬΧ֮УܿмѹȻһ߾ʬִ֮зȫվǽʬߡ
󣬽ӦԶһȺͭʬð˳
˵֮ǰôȫǵбȽϵ΢ʬԭĽʬء
ʬĵмߣҲʬ˾ֵһ֣һЩ򵥵˼άҲ֪˷ǵĴڣԱЩʬ䵱ڻңĥʱ䣬Ѿǰʱ֣ʢ˥ʱʬһЩܸߵʬͭʬˡ
һʮĽʬһСˡ˵Уһ±㽫ǽ˳
үӵıҲʮֵأһָ֣Щ侯ؾ𣡡
һ£е׼ǽʬķӵҪǮƵĳǽʬкȥ
˸еޱ𾪵ǣǽʬûܵһ˺Щϵӵȫ˳ȥ˶һ졣
ʬ̫ǿˣǼʬеļƷ


2220 ޴
үָߵ˳ǽʬʱǽʬʱҲŭһʬХ֮ǽӲӵֱۣһָʱϰپߵʬͭʬͬʱǷ˽Х
һ̣ҸоʬָǧĴ󽫾ơ
ϰپͭʬʬɱǽʬվȴһδеĽʬһζʱǽʬͻȻһִ֮ץһѽɫĳìǳܿһۣűζΣŷΪһڿ񱼶ȥ
ʬһǲ֪Ŀֲ֮ٶ̫ˣĽʬģֱűУһԾ±кüԶһ㡣
һΣҶʱ޷ˣ±ү˵ǰǵסЩʬͭʬҴǵּȥԸǽʬ
ȥɡүӵӦһ䣬ű㽫ĳ˳һѾʬ֮Уһȥ磬ȳɱǰͭʬ롣
ÿֲĽС
Щصһү㣬׷Ҳʬ֮ȥүӶԸЩʬ
ǰǼ߶ٰ˲ֶΣǽʬķȥ
ҵٶѾˣۿſҪ׷ǽʬʱһԾ֮£׶ߵʬӱɱϣ滹мǹ侯ؾĿǽʬܲˣеĳìһֱӳЩ˺ɨ˹ȥ
ѪɽǱֱӴ˺üء
űмصĸΧȥַɣȫǽʬкǽʬеĳìһ֮䣬㽫Ǽصĸָ˳ȥûһʬһ֮С
ԣЩص˶ǴӸľӢȻ˲ʬԱûʲôģûʲô̫ˡ
ɳȥǼصĸֺܿ췭ٴγŽʬΧ˹ȥ
ʱңѾʹٰ˲ǽʬĽǰ˵һл㾦㳯ǽʬĺ󱳴˹ȥ
ǽʬûзߣһ±㱻ǵɫһš
䡱һ죬ǽʬ㱻ɫĹ˳ȥǰ˺üԶ
һص˿ʬУæǰһ㳯ǽʬĲն䡣
һ죬ǽʬûʲô⣬ǸǶеĵȻʬĲӸӲˡ
һ䣬ǽʬ㷴Ӧ˹һֱ֣һץס˵Ľף͵һ˱շ𣬳ŲԶһôײ˹ȥڵصʱ򣬲֪ǻ
Ľʬһյĺۼðẉ̂ת߿˹˲䣬Щص˶Χ˹ǽʬΧм䡣
ЩصˣʬͲмһˣһ˫Ӳӵ۾ұ˹
ͻȻһָֻ֣ң﷢ƺֻϧҲ⽩ʬ˵ɶֻ˽ȥк
һٴ˽ʬߣһĲϿ˹ȥǽʬҲǺеĳìһٱסҵĽ꣬ʱǽʬϴһɾһ
꣬ǿ
ұ̧һţŽʬ˹ȥǽʬ˿δȴĺ˺üվȽŸǽʬһŭ𣬳ɱʱЩصһȺ˺ٴΧס˽ʬȥ·ЩǺúӣһηԽʬײеļһҲû˿ĵӣֻʬղϳ˴ЩصҲûзУֻһҪŪңЩ˶ǰ棬ĽŲҲû˿ͣ෨ϣ˺ν΢΢
ʬһײʱв˱ײһţһȫײɢɣڵأЩģֱӾͱǽʬһŲУƶѪء
ɢԸҳЩص˴һЩԾԾԵһң˳ȥҲܹĳЩ˸Žʬ̫ˣóȻһΧĻ֪ͽɺܴĸţԸǽʬ
˲䣬ǽʬٴγҳײ˹еĳìһΣ㳯ҵؿ˹ǧһ֮ʣҶٰ˲һΣ㵽ǽʬһǴ׳Ĵȿȥ
ǡһ죬ð˻ӣֱ۷飬ʬȶûбնϣֻǸһӣЩʬð˳
𡭡ʬ־һȭ˹


2221 ɫʬ
ʬĿֲ֮ǳܹ⣬һķͻʲôʵԵ˺꣬ҲֻƿһһЩСĻڣͷųһЩ΢ʬղһնĴϣҵĽ֣϶Ҳòȥ
ŭ֮µĽʬ־ͳҵ˹һٰ˲ٴһɨǧǽʬϿ˹ȥ
һɫĽ籡˽ʬϣһνʬؿڸһӣ˳Žǽʬ˳ȥ
ת˲֮䣬ʬٴδӵ͵ĵ𣬺﷢һֽУҵĶƬ̣Ҿ°͵㷢ˣʬϾȻٵһЩ۵ۼףһ֮£죬ǳìٴξ𣬱㳯ɱ
үģѲļһ
ҰһҪٽӭϣöߡˡһ죬еϽбﳯǽʬ˹
ʬƺܵ˻Ͻ𲧵Ŀֲ֮ûԴӲӣǽеĳìһϽ𲧸˳ȥ
ˣǽʬҲǾҵһΣ˼
ǽʬվȽŸǡ䡱һ죬һųɫĻϯǽʬȫ֣ʬܿͱһ޴ĻȵĻƵҶҽ
̧ͷһֻкͰչȫ˹
ʬϯһҲûţǹǽ֣ǽʬּ˺òˣǹǽһϸС磬ǽʬϣһ£ǽʬȻأܿûϢǻھҵȼš
νĽʬҿҲôŰɣûд˵еôǱȽϿˡ΢΢һЦ㳯ڵϵĽʬ˹ȥҪһƣȴһס𿿽Ҿʬ׾ͱŵ
ҾͿһ¶ġкٺһЦƿɵ֣ħƸ˳ǽʬ˹ȥ
˵ʵҶʬҲľò̫ģæŽŻкȥ
ֻǻлǻڵĽʬʱǽʬϵĻ綸ȻһգȻ͵Ĵӵϵ𣬳Żо˹ȥ
Сģ
ǽʬæһٰ˲ȥҪŻ뿪֪Ҳоǰһˣǽʬȴ˹ϻһ̫ˣֻþ˽곯Žʬؿնȥ
һߵһͰչҲ׷Χ㷨ҲһͬŽʬк
ֻǽʬƵۼף죬ĸ޼᲻ˣǺüķʬϣûкֺ
Ȼ䣬ǽʬһϵۼַһֵ죬룬һǽʬָ۶ӣۼ׵ķ϶֮ͻȻٵϸСĻɫʬӶ
һЩɫʬˣæٰ˲ٵĶ㿪
ɺͰչǼٶȾ˰ģûȫ˲㱻ǽʬϵĶǼһ౼˼΢΢һΣȻԶ˵ϡ
ǽʬһе֣ڲ뵳綾ޱȵʬ̱ǣôԶҶоԼѬͷǡ
ǽʬڳƬ֮󣬺ܿ㳯ŵڵϵİչɱ˹ȥ
⣡
оһæ߶ԦľٵĲ˽ʬϣ߶ٰ˲˽ʬǰ棬ЩĲֻýʬ΢谭һ£㱻𣬵ǰЩŭˡ
뻹ŪʬСүôͰ׻ˡ
죡
Ҵһ֮϶ʱһɫĻ籡һǽʬϣǻһ´׶ߡ
콣еĵ߸ʽѾǵȼǳߵĽˣⴿһһգ˵˽ʬ䷢ʹƺ֮
ǽʬϺִܿ˻죬ڵĻʱС˺ֹܶ࣬Ƭ̣ǻֻбһˡ
ֱ꣬ǴСǿˣæǬ˱һǷʬߣ͵һǰ壬Ƿʬ߱㳯Žʬؿ˹ȥ
顱һ죬ǽʬʬߴУоպˮһ±㽫ʬ˳ȥӺݺݵ˵ϡ
һΣȽʬӵվһٰ˲εߣʬ߱ҪѪȥ
ǽʬô׵ҵ֣һ˫צӱ㳯ؿ˹


2222 ŭ
Ҳŭģŷʬߣǽʬצץʱұ÷ʬߺݺݵĳצȥ
ʬ߿Կһа֮ɱñԸʬһнʬĿǡ
£ҲŷʬߣһֻŲǽʬĸһٺĴֻצӣҵķʬ߱㳯ֻצȥʬֱ۷ˡۡ죬һ˫צӶ챻ҸˣüΣǽʬҪӵϵÿһʱеķʬ߱㳯źݺȥǽʬò˻ȥҽűᡣ
ȴĲʱѾ۵ˣǽʬҲû˶ķ֮һ˺ü㿴ǽʬϰ̹ʬй
Ȼ䣬ðһ뷨ʬǸö÷ʬ߽ϵʬɵˣʵЩ˷ѣ硭
뵽̱߶˺ϴ辭
һɰϿٵӿߵĻĲ˲Ϳήȥ
ʱ򣬲֪ĽʬͻȻٴε𣬹ֽһֳ˹
ʬʬˣʬڴйõʱ
˺ϴ辭˲ӵǽʬϣǽʬƶٶּӿ˼֡
ʬһ˫צҪӹҲ˫֣һץסǽʬצӡ
ǽʬһ𣬶ʱܵһӹǽʬϵʬȻһգȻһɰϻ۶
ʬʼҪſҧңԱɵĶҵôûɿǰץš
ҲӵĹ⾰ܿûȻҲϵķͺ֮۾ǽɫĹâȴ
ֹƬ̣ǽʬûϢӿʼ˿ݹǣҷ
˺ϴ辭һ߽ʬоʮãʱõ棬ĹͣʬҲҪ൱һéɽϼĸ֣Ǹղֱ÷ʬ߸ˣȷǿˡ
һûüζܿҾ˸ղűʬʬڵصɺͰչǡ
ղֻŶԸʬҲûʱӦǱߵ顣
˽꣬һ㿴չ˵ϣɫ࣬ſڵŻ²ֹһǺö˶˵ģʰǽʬæкСŸ磬÷ʬ߹ǽʬˣǧʱסϵʬӣȴ޷ʬȫγⲻǧóģʬʬ̫ˡ
ӦһæڵϵɺͰչ˹ȥ
һЩɫʬ¶ƤҲʬȾһƬ
æʬ˰չ˼ӵĹ⾰ɫÿ࣬Ҳƽȣְɺϻʬˡ
ʬ߽ʬǾһʬ⿪֮ҲӵĹ⾰Ǽ˹
£ɱ㳯Żûͺ㲻ҪʬƫǲǼУҷСһ첻¶ǷǷģҴ򣡡
Ҳ֪ǽʬϻͷųɫʬҲҲһԸǵģֻһһѡиû¶ƵЦ
ҲΣ̾Ϣһ˰֣ٴ
ʱЩصĸַ׷Χһ˵ղŶлͬ־֣ʬ̫ײˣղҪԮ֣Щ˶ҪɥǽʬС
ǸϽȥүӰɣ滹Щʬͭʬûдɾҵ
Щ˷׷׵ͷһ֣㳯ʬ֮ȥһͷһʬ֮еĽʬѾ˴룬үңµĽʬģ촦ʮֲҡ
ǼЪϢƬָ̣ĲˣұٴкʬӣʣµЩʬҲһһˡ
һͨæ춼ѾȫҿһɫӦ߰˵ӵĹ⾰
ó˷ʬߣʬ֮߶һȦʬĩ˵Сֻ΢΢˸˼£ܿƽϢطȷûʲôʬˡ
˱ʬ֮ϣԼ֣˵ˣðİ
ʱүӿǼԴм΢΢һЦүһˣղýʮʬͭʬ治ɫĲģĺܡ


2223 ֳ˽ʬ
үӳǰ˰֣Ǽ˱첽˹ȥ
ǼСѱǲùģϷүүǼйģˣҴܾסϰллǣοǳ˲ү˵
үӻһĴ쵼ϵգʵʵڵĺ쵼û˵
£һ֣Ц˵ǰǿˣΪˣаңҵӦεҲǾԼıˡ
үʮʶĵ˵ͷֵһ֣ϷҪΪʲôˣһݲǣԺ߽Ҳ࣬ȥһЩҪ鷳
ǰҪǼص飿̲סʵ
ǡҲǣ˵ɣϷһصݣǱᣬϷûΪǵ˼ǵݣԺ߽һЩҲصĹʰɣȻһȫԼԺص飬ǿԲҲԲ룬ȫȡԼǰ˵
˼ǵඣǶĹٰ۾һٴʵ
үӺǺһЦ˵Ǽдµˣټ˵Ҳû̫ãô˵ɣҸǵصıԱǲص˹ϽǵȴصԱҲԵص£ǾΣ
ҿȫͻȻǰһЦ˵ǰһ⣬ЩСֻЦˡ
Ƕһ㶣ɣһǸ˾ǵıȫǿӦȻûʲô˵ġ
һЦ˵ǺðɣȻˣƽϢ֮Ϸȥ顣
ʵүӸһݿ϶Ҳǰ׸ģǹһԺصʲô⣬Ǹ缸кһҲ϶ĥүӵӣȻҪȥġ
֮һڴӦҲǸԼһ㣬߶
˵ţ¾¾ֳͻȻǰһ˵쵼ǽôطĽʬƽˣ֪𴦻ûнʬ
үӳƬ̣˵ûл˵ʷϼصһ˿ӣʱҲãʱϲһ£ʱʮľӶ˵Լǰ׻дʫʲôֱǧߣʵһһ׸ߵٲͲˣϷطĽʬӦɨĲˣʣµϸɨһ飬ûûɨɾģȻȥһæãҲúúЪһˣϹͷҲ۵ĹǺ
˵ţүӻ˻֣ʾ¾ֳϽ׼һ£ϾҪʦسˡ
ͻȻЩ̫ԾܸоҪʲôƵġ
һжƽӣҶˡ
˶ʼæЩղսҲ£һǱߵھҲʼ㽫ڳӸٴƽ
ʱһߵİչͻȻһҵļЩɻ˵СŸ磬ҼǵƬӵʱǿ˵绰˵Ѿ˵سǣҲȥˣôôʱ䣬ǶûпǿϱüһǶæˣСٹǴ칦Ƶô
չĻˣǰǿ˵Ҫôһûء
ǾЩ֣һ˵绰һ¡
绰óûüͨͻȻһܼǹŵһһ£ֻ˵ϡ
ҿ˭ǹʲôһЩֵ̿ĳſǹķȥ
ԶүӵҲЩ𾪡
ô¶үӳʵ
ĹһصĴҴææĳ˹һŵ˵ϡˣֳ˽ʬܶ࡭˷ǸΧˡ
һ˵вⶼһܿȥǷ֮ľ׷׻ζѣƬƬܵ˾ţ׷׳Զȥ
жٽʬ¾æʵ
֪̫ˣҲûͳƣѹѹһƬ˷С˿ͭʬʬǱʬΧˡ˲һͷϵ亹ֵ
ղϻ˵ƣûôˣºˣû˵꣬ðཀྵʬ
Ҫţ˶еһϽϵɴֹȵֵһүӳ
úúáϸֳ绰¾ҲЩŵ˵
𡭡
˵䣬ͻȻͱĳʮʬ㳯߳ɱ˹


2224 ס
үеָ֮£˶߾£
ȻţȴûκεĻҡ
صǰ棬ЩʱڽʬӵˣԼЩ侯ؾǰΧм䡣
Щߵˣйֻ˵ִ񣬵Ҳ֪ʲôֽʬеĴ棬˵ûмʬҵĺˣҲǵһμеĴ󲿷ѾŵľصЩ˺ܶҲŲˡ
Ժܿٶȫ£һΧһԲȦЩʬǻһЩʱЩ侯ؾܹһãǵӵƵģרŶԸʬԶʱеǹекܴɱġ
Щ˼ȻμΣյֶο϶ǹӲģһȫǹ֣һӵһˡ
Щʬ߿Ծʱߵ侯ؾȫǰЩߵм䣬׼ЩʬԴӵյı㳯Щʬ˹ȥ
ôӵںɫҹĴɣź֮ʮֺÿ
ǰЩʬһȫӵԴ˵ĵ˵ϡ
ЩǰĽʬҲʬкܶͭʬͭʬ㼶ĽʬʬǰӵֱӸŵģǿЩͭʬӵԴ֮󻹻ᵯԴ߰ǹһ
ʬĽʬֻһҲҲ˵֮
ɲлʬӵʬǲãֻǳ̵ĲһЩָ߼ĽʬֵֻصЩʰˡ
˷׷״Щʬ˻ֲ֮쳣
ôĽʬֱΣʱҲû˵꣬Ҳ̫һЩ
ЩʬһƬֻܿһƬ޾ǰͺ̡
ǽʬӶҲһǧ߽ʬЩĽʬ²мǧ֮࣬ߵˣصǶٸ֮⣬һЩ侯ؾԼԱҲֻˡ
ǧʬԸٸˣ޴ôоӮˡ
ϾҪˡӵҪסˡؾǱһ˾ֵĴ
ص˶׼ЩʬƴˣֻҪܼһСʱңֳԮͻѾ绰ˡ¾ֳҲ˷
ȻҾ˼˵⻰͵û˵˷ã˳ʧȥģүүһСʱܸϵǧ߽ʬһϣƾǼٸˣܹסЩʬ˺ܹʮӾѾܲˡ
ʱүҲЩ̫ˣɫصĿǰϵļ΢΢ŵǰѳ˸Ĺâһ΢֮
ˡܽˡ˷Ľʬ޾ѹѹһƬϿոӣǸоӦһȺٵϡ
˶ֽţ׷׾еķһ̣ҪЩʬһսʱˡ
ңʱҲеĽأ˼дһˮ
һƵ֮궸Ȼâʢ˷ĞųݣȻһɷ֮𣬰޴ĺ֮ʮ׿ĵطƬƬĽʬɷ֮˰֮Уķѣʬɣǰˮըɵʮ׿Ƕһ
һȥӦһپ߽ʬɱ⽣֮¡
˿ֲĽУЩصĸһĿɿڴ
⽣еҵΪӵǿǰ⽣һüʮڷǴʱҶУһپ߽ʬлͭʬ
ˣҲֻǱˮн滹޾Ľʬӿ˹
ʩչƬ̲ҵ飬űʩչ콣еһУǱǵڰ˸ʽѪƣѾǵȼʮָߵĽˡ
ָرɫҿھͷ໥Ӧͷ֮ϾȻ֮ԭڵĲ֮ϣɫƿ˳֮ɫڰ֮зϧһ绮ҹգٶȣ߶˽֮䣬ҹĻ֮¿ʼɫ㣬˵ϣһƬ
ԽԽˡ죬ڲľ֮ϣľ˲ήһƬЩʬϣЩʬҲһỊ̇Ѫмǿĸʴԣһڻ˵ϣܿḯʴһ̯ŧѪȴ֪ѪڽʬϻһΡ


2225 ɱ
ѪƵĽһΧЩص̾Ϊֹ
⶯һĴΪķԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣȫɺɫѪ֣ѪǿĸʴԣΧĲľȫήЩʬϣҲǸʴİڣдʬй˳
һʼһΪѪֻǶһãûҲܹ˵Щǹ룬ͭƤǵĽʬҲǣѪҲ֮ӦܹԽʬ𵽿á
ѪƵĽһȷǶЩʬγ˺ܴ谭ãһҪԸ˵ģԸʬǲһЩЩʬʬйǲûöٽʬڵϣɺηĳ߳ɱ
ˣЩʬѪ֮󣬵ҲΪʬй̫ˣЩѪַΧߵʱѾš
ЩѪƸʴĽʬû֮ǰĺ£ǰεݵϻ˱û֮ǰǰηˣЩ侯ؾһɨ䣬ΧֵһƬֻЩʬǺܽʱص˲ųɱȥЩʬڵء
֮ǰ֪ҪԶٽʬصЩ侯ؾǱ˱ƹӵģԵҩһʱá
Ĺܱ߱ɵپ߻ð̵ʬ壬ۣεΪ׳ۣǲԶЩǰͺ̶Ľʬ˴ĵе
治֪е˶Ľʬ
طӦǸ˿ӣûһҲ߰ǧܹɷ˲ǧߣЩʬһȥҲһСʱܹġ
ڼ߶ѪƵʱҵһ顣
Ϊʲôǻ﷢һʬӣǺȵĸأΪмĵشǷֲҽЩʬȫɾʱͳ׺ʱʢ˥ǽʬûʱҲǽʬߵʱ״̬׼ȥʱ˷Ľʬȫð˳
Щʬ֮ǰʲôطΪʲôûз֣
һеһУһȦףƭȵԷĿԶ׼ҪЩ˸ɾ
赶ɱˣѪУԷһһ䣬ֻǽЩʬҪȫɱˡ
ۼĿɶصľӢܶ໹ǴصֵܾģһǾ׵ļ롣
һЩȫɾˣصΪӢһֽʧʵҲۿۡ
Ǵһʼȸʱ򣬱㿴һЩߣЩʬܹ֮˻˽Щʬųġ
Ǻصô޵ģֻһͷǾһصˡ
Ҳ˵ⱳʼٸߣһصǣҲûôɥĲ顣
һ뵽Щұеһɶ񺮣ԷĻɲ⣬пǲ߻ѾǺܾ֮ǰˡ
ѪƵĽά˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰Ѿ˼ޣܿɢˣһйƽϢ
ôʱ֮ڣЩӿĽʬȫѪƸסˣʵҲǴۿܹۡѪƼôʱ䣬Ҳǵҵļޡ
ϾҲһУľ޴Ѿоƣ
˲СʱҲ๻ˣүүܴܿϵֻҪټֲСʱʱ䡣
աǹڼţصѾԽ󣬳Щʬɱ˹ȥѾ˲ò֮ɱĵز
ҿصһΪͻǴŵɽװͨصԱҲ̫һһ΢ҵɫЩӦصܾǱǲһʮˣÿ˶ýʮһ󣬻ϣһ·ɱЩʬֱһƲɵƣֱײ֮£дƬĽʬԴ
ǵķҲͨıУЩʬҲѪ꽽ԲŻƽʱǲ׵ıնЩʬԴġ
زǼҲûţ˷ŲðʬĽʬȺɱ˹ȥ
һױȽϺʹֻ׵ʮǧֵʱһܸɺܴĳ֮кܶŵɢԵǽʬûκ˼άĽʬȻҲɱܶཀྵʬǶǵ첻κεӰ죬һһľ޴ʵۿۡ
籣ʵһгɱȥ
ײʹˣСȼЩЩʬҲ޿κΡ


2226 Ҫһ
СͷųЩ壬Ը취ײ֮УɶԷǣռǵ壬еɱһγɱǶԸʬЩûκãʬǹˣûĴڣʱҶû뵽С
Ψһϴóľֻʣ¶ʦˣϵܹЩʬһɱ
ôĽʬΧһܹõ
£һ֣ʦִǬ˱иק˳ǰһʦֻ˻ӣ۾һת֪Ƿʲô顣
Ȼ䣬ʦϻڣһ˻֮£㳯ŽʬȺΪܼһڳײ˹ȥ
ʦǰʱ򣬿лһԪǰĺü߽ʬȼˡ
Ҿ˽꣬һǣɱ
˵գµһȥеĽһɨһɨǧЩѪ긯ʴĽʬ̱кüնΪء
ͭǮһȺսͭǮָϸһӣѪͿĨͭǮϣϵѪҲ洫ĿƽʬķͭǮͭǮҲ֮һ𣬸ܹƽʬ
ͭǮһ˱ͭǮ󣬻һ죬ͭǮֿٵķǰЩʬȻѹȥ
һͭǮɨȥ֮ǰپ߽ʬȫѣðŰɫʬ˵ϡ
һͰչǷֱǵӦֵǼΪһһǰͷ񿳣ܿ죬Ǽ˱ڽʬȺ֮ɱһѪ·
Ȼһ˸Ľʬ߷ӵ̫ˣ˾ֻƾеһһֱҧ֡
ǶԸЩʬʱصЩҲȺʬԿЩʬϣ죬ŵ˻кܶ˲ҵİ֮
ԴԴϵĽʬȺУҪһ˶ǸǲܵģÿһԵĶǼʮϵĽʬΨһϣϣǼүӸϽ˹ҪȻӹҲù
Ǽ˲֪ãŽֶ΢΢ÿϻ϶Щʬ˵ĺۼû취Щʬ̫ˣӦ˭Ҳ֪Լж˺ۣΪȥ˺ӶоʹˣȫΪ߶ȽŵԵʡ
Ȼ䣬ӺԶĵط˳ņ̀ͷһ￪Ͽеƹ˸ʱ򣬿϶¾ֳ֪ͨүүϹˡ
һʱѰʬټ˺üСʱŵȵĸأΪһѰһ߸·ԻѵʱϳǸӾȫ߸ĻһЩΪĹҲҪһСʱϡ
ҹЩ˲ӦüһСʱ˰ɡ
ڲϸЩʬƴͬʱһѾɱ˺Զһξ룬ɵһƬĽʬǵҵĿصЩϵʱ򣬲ſصǱʧΪأһСʱҵʱ䣬Ѿһ˶ˣЩʬҧס˲ӣѪҺЩصҲʮѪԣ˶ĽʬһȫηһмЩ侯ؾȫ
͵Ļүӣڵһ֣ǰ׷ԲԵͷһٸɷ˼پ߽ʬǱϾʹˣڸɷôཀྵʬ֮ҲԵЩҡҡ׹
뼴Ҹүڣ⼸ǧ߿ֲĽʬ϶Ҳ޲ߡ
һ˵վޣ޷ֿʬĶħ
ҿԽʬ;УûߵȼĽʬֻһҲش⼸ֵ֮Ҳ
Σʱ̣ĲԮЩ˭뿪ÿ˶Ѿƣ
һټһֳԮˡټһѪ߰ߵ¾ֳеķЩ˻ߵĴ
⻰¾Լ˵ģǶ˵ģĻάϵнһ˿˿ϣ
ܻųȥ𣿻л
ããʬеĴ󲿷˶ѾˣֻǻеƵĻеķЩʬкΪֻܹԼٶһ
ʵƾֵܼ˵ʵɱһѪ·ֱӳȥкܴܵģδ̫ˣҲûж¹һ𲢼սֵǵҪսһսҪһʱ¾ֳүӻէ³оȹǵּƾ⣬Ҳܶ͵


2227 
Ҳ֪ԼֶܼãµĽʬһƬһƬĽʬ޾
صߵһ룬ЩʬĽʬ֮һû𣬰ȥǳᱻЩʬȺûȹѪһ߾߸ʬ
ʣµЩصҲҡҡ׹ټʮӣʣµҲҪȫûˡ
ô죿
˭ң
СšУ⽩ʬ̫ˣǸɱ꣬ҪȻǼֱɱȥɽڲûաҴ
¾ֳǰȹǵôǲܣǲЩ̫ˣлŽħƣһͭʬԴͷҲûص˵
¾ֳǰΪҪɱΧҲʲôѵ飬ؼǿ϶ʣµصЩˣȻҪս׵ģЩص˸ʲôëϵǲܸһ֪Ƕʲôô𣿸ϽӳȥɣܻżǼҲ£ҵģ֣µ˵
ʵ˵ĲǶԴһȣʣµľͲܲˣЩֵǸЩʬĵʲôôأ
Ƕûʬ⣬ǶǻˣǶɱɾˣûһô˺Ҳûжô塣
ʱδⲻһȷѡ
ҳƬ̣éɽ壬߶ȫʼΧƴɱĽʬ
éɽ嶣죬߻ƵĽʬʮͬʱֹͣɱǵĶܿת˷򣬳Ľʬ˹ȥлмͦߵͭʬͬʱ
Щʬéɽס֮Ǽ˶ʱһգࡣ
ʱ˲Ƭ̵ĴϢһСʱÿһӶҪȥü߶ȽţǸ˶ܲˣ΢һͣʱȫʹͣҿһԼҲ֪ʲôʱϱʬצӻ˼ڻѪֹ
Ǽˣ˵صЩˣǵֵס
ȻЩʬҲܹ֧Ƭ̣ܿ챻Ľʬٴû
ϢƬ֮ұǣˣɱȥźӵͳȥٸɱһǹ
˵뵽ʲôЩ˵ȵȡСţ뵽һð취ǿɱȥ֮ҶһЩСֶΣЩʬȥǽֱصĵطȻ취ЩʬҲɡ
мɰգһͷɵ
ʮɵİգЩʬ֮ɱ˺Ѫ׷˻ϵɱȥ֮ҿÿһһÿһϵǼʮʱЩʬᱻֱ׷ǶЩʬĶٿ죬ҲûܵĿ죬һЩʬעȫϣǾͿǣǵıߣʱͻүүĴ󲿶ӣֱӽЩʬˡն˵
Сţ⣬ǸɰɣٳƬ̣صЩ˾ȫˡдߴٵ
ɱ
ֻ˵һ֣Ȼһڣʦֱ谭ȼһƬʬ߱˹
ʦֿҽ󣡡ٴδһʦֱ׼һǰɱ˹ȥϵĻѾȼյΪҵ״̬ĽʬһţֻһЩкܸߵʬʦֲŻ³һԪ֮ȼ
ղҲż￪ĵطѾ˸ĵƹ⣬ϣүүǧҪٸʲô۶ӳˡ
вţȻŵǣڶʦֵٴɱ뽩ʬΧ֮С
ʦֵٶͦ죬ȼЩʬɥʧսǻϾں油ģһһӵĹ⾰Ǳɱϰ׵ľ룬ĽʬǺѹѹһƬ
꣬⵽жٽʬ
һһʱ䣬᲻˵£ǲͣ£ҧأһǰĳɱվῴ⡣
ֹ˲֪ãǸоŷʱǰȻһգ֪ɱЩʬİΧȦܿһЩʬ˹
öʦǰǵţҲսˡ
һָȻ󳶿ؿڵ·Ĭ˼ԼؿڻһһǳɣӦþνߵǼ˵ߣֱǵҲһһ֮ų΢΢һ£ԭصǱ߳ĽʬȺͻȻ΢΢ɧһ£Ȼĵת˷򣬳߷ĳɱ


2228 ǲ
ȥϻЧ˳һ꣬Щʬ̱ɧ׷׵ת˷򣬹ֽų˹ǸоһȺǣͻȻǰмֻɪɪĸһ㡣
ÿϵ˲˼ʮ͸ҹһԲˡ
ôһƬʬüǧ߽ʬ׷ǹ龰Ǽ˶һ£ʦҲŵƺһת߿ٵ
ܣŸʲôɴк
˿̣ŷӦ˹˦Ѿӣͷŷ񱼶ȥ
ЩʬֽŽ׷ᣬЩٶȿģ׵ľ룬չ֮ǰһǿйһڣͦصģղһս˿ڴֱˣѪȫʪˣܶٶȿ϶ȥ£ֱһץס˰չĸ첲ŶʦֺһöʦŰչٶҲܹһЩ
еĽʬǼʱүӺصǱߵѹ϶ٿ˵Ҳ֪ܻٸ
Ŀǰ˵Ψһܹүˡ
ǿ϶Ҳǳ֣Щ͵ĽʬΪʲôͻȻ֮ȫˣǿٵȥ
ǼǼֱǶ񱼣Ȼȥ˲ӵĹ⾰㿴Զܼĵƹɨǹڵĺصɨ䡣
Щ߻鵽ǵϡ
ǹԼˣҴһ
ûʬҧǱԼ˸ǹˣǾĿˡ
Էܿҵ̱㽫ǹתƵ˱𴦣Ȼұ㿴һٸֳֻؾ߻Ųصˣͷΰƽ
Сšΰƽһǣ۾ʱ͵ɵԲΪһƬĽʬ
𣡡ΰƽһ£ٸֱеǹеʱյĿЩӵǵͷƤ˹ȥľ
ڣЩؾǹ׼ЩӵûǵϣĽʬֵܿһƬǵӵӦҲƵġ
벢ԶǼһֱӱΰƽ˵ߡ
ôĽʬΰƽ⼸ٸ˸Ҳ޷мܣҲսˡ
һΰƽߣұ˵޴磬ôǼˡأүүôûй
ǽӵ¾ֳĵ绰̱ͣĸ˹ǲӣֳŴ󲿶أﻹвɢɢĽʬ谭ǵḶֳ̌Ӧúܿ͵ˡΰƽһ߾ֵĿЩĽʬһ߸˵
үү˶ˣҲˡôཀྵʬ˿϶Ӧٴʵ
¾ֳǧˣµĸɮ䵱ɽĵɽɵĸҲйȫǸʡķĸ֣ʣµľصˡôཀྵʬҲǺΰƽµ˵
һ£ΰƽֿҵСš⵽ôһ¶ôͻȻðôཀྵʬʱǻ˽ݱ˵ҵ˽ʬϳҲʰɾˣ⡭
˵Ҳ֪ô˵һүүǹȶסЩʬ˵ɣǼǸոɱΧеĽʬ˹ҪȻүǱߵ˾ҪʬɱˣǱҲʣ²ˡЩȻ˵
ΰƽһȻֻһ绰ȥŵֳҵСˣǸոͻ˽ʬİΧȦʬߣЩʬмǧߣǸϽҲסˡ
áǾܸϹȥˡ绰Ǳߴүү죬ֻ˵һ䣬绰㱻ҵˡ
ĽʬԽԽ࣬߸мܣսˣƬ̣˼˻ǹǺɨˣȴҲ޷סôືηĽʬĲ
ؼЩʬͭʬҲӵܹŵġ
ӶΰƽһֵϽ
Ǻٴ̤·;вʱԶٴ˸ֻһθӵܼǰ˲ĹһƬӰΪ۵ٸŰɫ۵ĵҶһⲻɽɵ
Űɫ۵ֻ߲ɽһ
ȥѩʱǸЩɽɵ˴棬Ѿǰˡ
ﲻ˳ܶ࣬ЩӦþүүȺԮ
Щ˺ܿ͸棬ǿЩʬʱ򣬲ɵҲɫ䡣


2229 и֮
ôĽʬѹѹһƬ˭Ҳ̲ס
ܿ죬ұȺ֮ҵүүһѽ߿˹
үүҴǼ˳үүǱ߱˹ȥ
үү´һۣеû˰ɣ
ûСһˡҵ
үӻôүүֵ
үӦûʲôʣص˹ʧأղǱǧ߽ʬΧǼ˳Χѽʬߡҵ
ҲΪˣǼ˺úЪЪʣµĽˡ
үү˵ţһӣ׼ʼ
һ䣬ұ㿴ֱ̧˼СھĻڣʼٵװڵҿڵǺɫģҲзģӦҲ
üһģɱԵ̧ˣ¿Щʬܵˡ
ڵ֮󣬾˴𣡡
ȻһſŵڵŽʬȺк˹ȥʱдƬʬըķ졣
ڵɱӵٵǹĽʬһڵȥҲܺ
ƬƬĽʬ䣬һˬ˵ãǽ
֮ǰǻЩʬ׷ŴڸֵˣȥڵһȦȻһǧһϣȥЩʬҲͲΪˡ
ˣвٽʬ˹ΧЩصͽɵĸֱӭȥ俳ڵء
ʵЩʬ󲿷ֶѪ긯ʴдۿۣҲô޼᲻ˡ
ЩʬʱͻȻм˳˹Ҷһɽɵƽ̺ˡ
Сѣ겻û뵽㣬һһᡭǺ˳һֵ
æҲһ񣬿˵ˣȷǺЩûˣԴɽһѾкüͷ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦֵǰЩƶûĴо׵ͷ鴦ˣҪúúȶپƣɣ֪СѸӡ
˵˵ʢȴȾƣСҲȥҿĺš
ðɡЪţƶµɨƽЩʬٺúɡ˵ţҰ˰֣Ȼµļϳһʬɱ˹ȥ
⺮Ҳ˼ʱˣ˵Щ
һʱȫʹͣҵԺһЩѾѪˣļϻѪֹ
үүǴصһЩʿҲһЩҽԱں佩ʬʱǼ˵УЩҽԱʼǰ
ȣЩʬʬģǱЩʬצӸˣҲһʬҪУʬ壬Ҳûκôұó˷ʬߣһһ˽ϵʬˣȻſʼϵ˿ڡ
ʱ򣬲ɵݸһЦ꣬οô۲ˣǴӽʬȺл˳
ǿأôûڰ˿ڵİչٴǿ
ǰСôû
æͷŲԶɨһۣǽӻվڲԶҪʡ
ʱҵĿڴһۣǱһ
һ̣æ뻳һ˳ⶫǱģéɽƽ͸ҵǼŴ
һŴ΢΢ɢâ⴫ղĿڴʹһ¡
ҽɢŹâ˳ţŷһȼ
еŴȼ֮˷׷Χ
һ̣ǴķһرϤСšϿéɽһص˹éɽˣéɽʧأи֮Һ豻éɽ˲һص˺ܿҵطҡ
Ұֵ⻰û˵꣬ŴͻȻһΣأϨˣһŻҽ
Ұ˵ⷬʱҵӡˡһʱתҪըһ
꣬һص˾ȻϢĹéɽ
ΧļȫҰֵĻɵ÷׷ױɫ
һܶʮְڵĺӵĺɱȫʧˣҵڿٵ˸Ҹ˵Ƿ
һصڹéɽ
ˣһصĵɽ֮ƣЩʬ϶һص˸ģȻһжǻӣĿЩʬǣסصҪȻǳûéɽصľӢȫǣ˴˴Ҳ˹éɽǱ߸ûԮһصȫéɽĻéɽĻи֮һĴȣЩܻ˵


2230 Ԯéɽ
ʵ֮ҾһֱЩ̫Ծһ㷲֮УҪǾЩʬֵıȽΣ粻֣֣ڵصǧ꣬ͻȻð˳ûΪĸԤӦûڵص³ߡ
Ǹ˿ӣ֮ǰ϶ҲǱ˶ֽŵģ˿һ㶼ȽϼУҵǸ˿ӣֻһǧ߽ʬ
˿ںȵĸأԷȥһʣԮ֧Ԯ
һʼΪԷҪصЩӢ⼸ˣʵˣԷһıҲžԼ̫ɵˣǱһصתǾɽİ취һһãǣǣص󲿷ֵ޷Ԯéɽ
éɽǵ֮ϵĴڣһéɽıˣ𵴲Σ
һҸ׵˶ˣҵ֮˿éɽϴأһֱΪéɽȫĵطéɽҲʼòȫˣһصȻҪéɽéɽ֮Ƕ츣е˽Ƭײ
ǰỊ̇ڵһصéɽǵжд̣֮졣
㶵վо飬ţȴҲ֪Լʲô
ҵĸĸô졭һһصС
ҸҼٽˣֻϵ亹
СšСšéɽѣǱȥ֧ԮŸʲôأһҵļ򣬽˵
ȥǿ϶ҪȥģֻǴ˴éɽкԶ·̣Ǹϵ»ƻ˶ˣü𣿡չ˵
һ˵˵ɫʼ
Ķˡ
Ǽ˽ģ׷ʲô飿û¶Ļ͸Ͻæֳһʬڵˡʱүүߵߣɫ
үүéɽһص˹ˡҰ趼ɽϡ˵⻰ʱҲͿ˳
һ˵үүһЩ˵Сšղ˵ʲô
һص˹éɽٴظ
⡭ôܡéɽзأǴǾģԴһٶǰ̹éɽ֮ɽŴ֮ѹˣүҲܹéɽɽŴ󡭡ϢǴ֪ģүүҶЩŵʵ
Ұ׿ڸ˵ġõĴƽ˸ҵĴҽǴ˳үүһۡ
²ɵүүˣҵܿңҲ˷һʮĴ
үүһȻ˵⡭ô죬صľӢͺܶ཭ֶۼ˴˴ĽʬȫϿ϶òҲܶôཀྵʬȻȥԮéɽһЩʬܵ˶ĵطɵʧԱ޷
үүȥéɽԮûбȽϿİ취ȥéɽҳ
үүƬ̣У֮ǰĴܱõľֱǿԳֱéɽҲҪСʱǾͱ𵢸ˣϽȥɡ
ӦһҪ˿ٵ뿪ֱéɽȥ
Ҫ뿪үүȴסңʵСţ֪ιéɽ˭ô
֪Ұû˵һΪϵ͸˽ˣվǰҲʶ˭ҹιéɽ˿϶лһصܶĸ֡ҵ
ȵĽʬҲһصģĿıǽ͵ϮéɽǼҪСģʵΣգéɽȵĿܣǾ͸Ͻ˳ҪƾһʱѪ£ƾ׵Ķүү
үүҰ趼ΣҲҪǾȳҼ
үүĿһۣЩȻİ˰֣˵ȥȥɡһСģ⺢ӣҲȰ㣬Ͻ߰ɡһҲ֪ͨéɽܱ߷ĸֹȥ֧Ԯǡ
صĵ˵ͷк˼ոմӽʬȺֵܣͷҲص뿪ǸӶȥ
űͶ˺ü죬һֱû˯þֳ˱ʣǲòӱ޵ٴθϹȥ
ʵÿ˶ѾƣˣҲǴĹ򣬱㷢춯صıʡ
Ǽһ·ɳۣĹȫʩչ˳ţڲϵİοҵСšż϶ܹģһصЩߣͨˣһ㲻ʹɱ֡


2231 ֪
һͷһһ仰û˵תӱ޵ĸ·
ǰһصˮʥȣȷЩߣǲᶯûûʮıҪҲôͨ¶֡
ܹסéɽ츣еˣһͨ𣿼סڶ츣֮УéɽСˣҲߵļƾһصԣܷŹЩ츣еˣ
Ҿøܡ
ؼҸһصĹϵˮݣһصĸϣȫ֣Ǹ׻ϣեΪһӲд֮⡣
Ϊİ׻ϣ˭Ҳ֪ȥԺҲԲʲô۶ӳˡ
һصķֶ棬Ҷ֪˶ٸ֪ɱǶˡ
һéɽ֮ҵҵĸĸȻҪɱ֮ġ
һ뵽Һ޲úһ˫ɵéɽĶ츣֮УҵҵĸĸǸ
һ·ϣһ仰Ҳû˵ƴǰ񱼣Ҽٰ˲ֶΣ֪УȻչ˺óһξ롣
ֻáļ١Ҵʱ飬ֻڲϵĿ֮УĽŲ֮С
һ·˴ԼСʱĹ⾰ҲͽӽȵıԵشˣٶȣҲó˼ޡ
ͷʱչѾ˦˺Զһʱ׷ˡ
΢ͣƬ̣ҳǸӵķһۣٴμӿ˽Ų㵽˴֮ϵפڴЩصˣүүѾǹͨˣҪþֱ͵éɽȥ
˴ֱ֮ϵǣȰչˣǱֱֱˡ
飬ͻȻ䣬ҵ͵Ŀ˼£Щľ֮С
ΪͻȻоһĪΣС
ָо֮ס˽ŲڴʱͻȻӼطˡಡƿ죬аߴ˹ǧһ֮ʣæһΣٰ˲ֶΣһŲһξ룬ֻǸովȽŸǰֳҴ˹ֻٴβͣĶ
Ҹոն֮ǰͻȻһֱըѿ
ǰըѿ֮ǰҳǶһۣ־Ȼһʮֹϵ
ļļͷϲ֪ʲôһӴܿͻըѿСŽһ
Ҳ϶ͬʱǷɼͣĳʮ׼ǰŸһǷɼҵĽ£м䶼ûκͣЪ
ˣһǷɼһ˳ߴһʱЩæҡ
ʲôˣϽҹұļǣ·ͻȻֳ·Ұղѡ
ȻҺһ֮󣬸ûκλӦǷɽǲϳҴ˹
ڲϱ任εͬʱ̧ͷܿȥʱŷ֣ɼĵطȻǴǸߴķ֮ϣֻһƬԷ϶Ҳźɫ·Ҳֱ治Էǲʲôط
ȥܲǰ취ڲ϶ͬʱֱӽͭǮ˳ٵļ˱ͭǮҵͷ֮ϣһ޴ĺ֮ͭǮ㳯ɢȥ
һͭǮȥ֮ܵķҴҶӶˣǷҲǧٿף󻹴ϵŹĺˣһѾѪģȫѡ
ܵļʸȻһգһŴϵЩ˹ȥͷһŷЩ˶һصװһЩͨһصʮ˵á
ϸ۲Щ˵ʱͻȻ˹ЦһŰƻһô׳Ĵ˳һһߵǴЩֶΣôཀྵʬΧȻܻųС㡣
۾һһʮĺӣеģòЦһթ󻹸ʮˣӺ汳ŵȫһˮĹ
ҿǺӣ˵Ǻˣ
֪һһᡭǺ΢΢֣Ц
ҲʲôСүûǳĸϽҪȻСүһǴж˿飬˵
ôģȻҲûнЩ˷һҪǴҪ˷ʱģżϵéɽȥҵĸĸйīҪǷƽʱὣϣɱʹ˵
Ǹ֪ļһ΢΢ЦţȻô׵ľ͸óһֻǵ˵үôż϶зǳҪ飬ǲǸȥéɽЩˣǿඡٺ١


2232 ׼һ
֪⻰һڣͷ͵һһҲǰ˭˵֮ҾЩˣ΢΢һ¶һ̵Цݣ˵ȵĽʬඣ
˲˵ȻˣҲ˱ǣЩʬŪģΪ˲ôһ֣Ѿǰһڴ˴æˣǵȵһ죬Чɱ೯͢߹Ǿ׸˹Ҳһ֮ϲ֪˵
ãܺãҺϲ̹ϣһصộصͽɵȻû͵Ϯéɽƻ˵޷졣Ц˵ǵļȴ΢΢ĳ鶯ΪѾɱġ
֪ЩԵõ˵ˣҲҳģܶǱߵ˼ֻｫƻһʵʩˡ
㵨ӲСƾҲҵ·֪һصĴ϶ôôֵ
Ȼ֪֪һۼҹΪʦġ֪ϵЦͻȻʧˡ
ʦ˭ʵ
ʦ䳤ϣɽʱ򣬱Ǳ˺ϴ辭ɱģҡ֪Щ޺޵ֵ
Ŷԭ϶ͽܣͺ˵ˣģһҲͬķʽ·Сɫ䲻ҶҴΪһΡ
ô˵ǲǻҪмأ
⣬ͿҪˣЩˣҪΪսЩʬеᣡһ֣ԾȻ
֪ͻȻһЦ˵̫ˣΪɱʦļλϣѾ޵𣿽ҼȻаٷ֮ٵİսڴ˴
һ£ֵˡ㣬Ǹʲô׵гԱȫҪ
ôĿҽ쵹Ҫʩչʲôֶγ
˵ŻʱͻȻһٵĽŲԶԶģ˵СţѾôʲôһҪһߡ
˵ţб㿴վǰһȺˣǷ˽Ų˹ǿ֪ЩһۣȻ˵Сţһصɹסȥ·ģ
ţȵЩʬǸģһǰǾж˿ӵЩʬʬ䣬תƵӵطȸصЩʬҲǰģһеȦףǰֵĹҳ
Цһ˵ѽѽһصû˿ˣĴȫɱ֮󣬾ȻɳһСආԸǡ
˼ҿɲʲôСආ϶ͽܣʲô֪
˭ǵĵ˵
˵ţһҲٵĸ˹֮һҺϻǰЩˣܿôһ¶һ˸Щ˸һܵ׼
֪ɨǼһۣٺһЦűðˣڴ˴Ѿʱٶȱ֮ǰƻĻҪôһ㣬ҿҲøȥéɽˣλ֮ԺÿĽ죬ҶɨɨĹҲһ£
Сӣ˭ôǸƥǻɵ֣ƾ㣬ҲԼʲôСչǰһ
ʰǣȻܹǵĶΪ׼һݶǾͺúܰɡ˵ţ֪οٵԱһЩһصĺҲ߿ٵɢЩɢʱ򣬻һڲȻǱ㿴ĿɿڴһĻǰֵľȻǰ˾߽ʬЩͭʬϻŽɫķ
Щ˸ոɢЩʬϽɫʬ㡰䡱һȼһ߾߽ʬ۾һɫĺâǵϡ
һ̣ǵ˲Ϳסȫһ
꣬ôôʬֲøղڳЩʬΧʱûпһ߽ʬԭǾۼ˴˴רΪ˶Ըǵġ
Щǲ⣬ЩʬЩʬȺУЩ˲һܹӵĳصǱߵ˹Ҳȫɾˡ
Ǿ͵ȥɣαЩʬҧģǻὫһж˿飬ȻȸǵѪ


2233 
˵ʵһôʬڳǼȫȦˡ
һսò״ЩʬȺűһ񱼣Ϊܹ˳ĵֱϷɻˣ·ɱһҧ𣬵סǵȥ·
⵹ҲˣؼԵǰ˾߽ʬɱֲ̫ˣ֮ǰǼֲŸɵһ߽ʬ
վߵĻУʼЩ
һʱ䣬ٴνȫ˳סȫ˼
˵֪һСɫһ䳤ϵͽܣ͸סǼ˵ȥ·ⲻô
ԭ˼ȸںһӣ͵Ǽȥء
˾߽ʬһڲԶ֪ͻȻĴЦһָ֣ǵɱǣ
𣡡
ЩʬһϵǽɫķҲ֮ȼմͬʱζΣ߿첽
Ǹߴ͵ͣϷָףǴ󵽿ƿֲͭǽһޱȵٶȣÿһƿֲǼʬеļƷʬ
Щʬ񱼶Ǽ˿ٵɢҵһȶ֣һһɨȫʽЩʬɨȥȱǰǽʬм֮ɫɨУ˼һǽУҲֻؿһǳǳӡǣЩɫʬڶ
ҶֵͬʱҲ׷ʩչеϽ𲧡ˡһ·ɳһ߽ʬϣҷڵأֻƬ̵Ĺǽʬٴε𣬼
֮ǰǸʬ֣һ߽ʬҶôѲοǰ˾ߣʱһæҡ
˱ЩʬƵˡ
ţұ˶ʦ֣Ǭ˱֮˳һ߽ʬ˹ȥʦҲǸմĹ򣬱ٴαҸ˳ʦһöòкһֱǻڣһ߽ʬ˹ȥʦӴҲǺһȥ㽫һ߽ʬ˵ڵأϵӵǽʬϣǽʬ˵֮󣬶ʦֻǽʬһԪ֮æһ˳ȥ
ʦֺЩʬУҿǽʬԪ֮еԴ֮󣬺ܿдʬй
ֻǶݵĻң˺ܿסţ֮ǰ˸ʬսľ飬Ҳ֪ʲôͣһܵػ֮ǽʬϱɫһۼףҴۼ׵ķ϶֮лһЩɫʬʮŨ˵һˣմһжԵڵء
ʦһԪ֮Ľʬˣʦϵӵϵʱۼױٵ˻죬һ˻ɫĶ
ǶʦֱͲϵĶǻе޻ޣЩûһá
ʦָɷһʬ֮󣬽ֳһ߽ʬȥһʼԸЩʬʱ˷ǳؼá
ʱҲȫӦ˳ɴһЩɫʬЩʬȥЩʬȼ֮ߣóѹ׵ɫʬԽʬҲǺֻܴ֮ǵ΢΢һ٣Ȼʬȼ
ɵֶζҲкܴİǽʬסεʱǸֶչĻ𾫳ĳɫĻ棬һǹǽ̺⣬еϽ̺ķ⣬ԶЩʬɲС˺ǵʬ
һ֣Ǳγ˷ǳƵ״̬ĸѹߵǣ֪ŵЩǶԸʬʱ򣬻ڱ󲻶ϵķһҪЩʬΧһ߻ҪĴķɼЩͷö
һӵĹ⾰ҵֱһ߽ʬץһѪۣѪû֪ŵЩںĻǻмʤ㣬ȻʱǱʬסƫƫ޿κΡ
ּӵĹ⾰ǼЩʬΧ֮£׷ٴι˲ʣ֪ȴڰЦε˵Ҹ׼ôϲ𣿿ǱģҾˣǻ֪ǽʬȫ޵жôףó
֪ΪǼϾҪʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬֪һҽУһصĺ˴ӴϵϷֱһذףŵ֪æһӡ


2234 
֪Ǳߵϵ֮󣬳߷ųܹѿȻһգʱѹǼ˿һĻ֮ҲЩɲˣʲô˻֧ԮǣصӦöǺȸʬء
ɲʱ򣬴֪Ǳִ߽˼ҽУȻмʬĿڴеΨһͬǣǰ漸ߵʬǺеǼʬǰе
˵һ飬һʼ֧Ԯǵˣ֪ûз֣Ǵӱ͵Ϯģ֪˱ɱ֮ǲŷӦһתĹ򣬽űУǿ֧Ԯǵ˲࣬ͻȻ͵Ϯ֪ǱҲֻ߰˸ˡ
ˣҲ֪Ǳ߷ңߴİȻһա
϶¶ϲɫ˭ʱ֣ǰǴæڿ԰ĶԸЩʬˡ
ܿ죬ЩһصȫתìͷʼŹǵЩ˲ϵĴ˼ʸԶһĺ֮׷ɣˣЩһص˻ǲ˷ҽ֮һĵѪ֮С
ڲԶ֪ЩָЩһص˵ɱǡɱǣǧǹ
Ǽе£ЩʬΧţϾ˼
ЩʬĹͣǸֶֻܹһ˺ȴ޷ѲģͷʹǣʬˣͷųɫĶǲòæ֮ǰ˶˾飬ס֮ǼȫԵˡ
ⶾβ̫вΪұŴүٶֵʣϻзʬߣܹʬ
һ뵽ʬߣͻȻͷæк˵ǣȥǰ취ȰҲסĽʬҺͶʦִסһʹơ
ãǴСǿҲֻķʬܹʰˣϽϰɣҿ춥סˡвϻеĽħƣҴ
£ұ㲻ҵ飬ΪҪȥéɽǱ뾡ǰЩʬС
֪СӣѾ֧Ԯǵ˸סˣԷΪǳ֪϶ûˡ
ȣǴ߶˲ľ֮ԦľõϵĻĲٶĳЩʬƶȥ
ڽʬĴ˵𲻵̫ãҲ΢һǵٶȣԴ˸ֵܼȡʱ䡣
ʱʮ֮һ˲䣬ɾ˵һǲݺӵġ
㶯һļæǼ߽ʬΧм䣬ʹȫЩʬҺͶʦصĽʬ
Ҳ˷ʬ߳Ǿ߱ʦ˵ڵϵĽʬ˹ȥ
һǽʬߣǽʬһ𣬽ѹĶʦָƷ˳ȥ
еķʬ߱㳯ǽʬؿ˹ȥ
ۡһ죬ǽʬһŰɫʬڵأֹʬ߲ûлнʬţأԲƬ̣ҪڵʱǺۼ׷죬ȻһŨĻɫʬ
һʬͷųɫʬʱ򣬱ʼԱʱ̣ʬͷųΪٸߵҲҽʬʬʲô˶ܿסġ
ʬͷųʬһģǴ߶Ѫࡣ
һȴ£ٶֵʴ˿ȫչ˳ǽʬų˶ֱͦϣȻѬͷۻȴ÷ʬһؿڡ
ǽʬһαķ˳ȥĻɫȻһա
һΣǽʬڵϣӲĸˣһûе
ҿʱˣæöʦֶ԰ŰչǶԸĽʬ˫΢ţ̴߶˵зӡǿһǳ֮۵ԩԹߺ϶Ϊһһͬ߶˺ϴ辭
˫ſһЩһԶźĵʱӿһ֣ǵڵϵͭʬ㱻ϵ֮һӱ㳯߷˹
ǽʬĲñһֻץεģ˺ϴ辭Լٶȿʼǽʬϵʬĸͷܴ׶ߣץŶЩ
ǽʬܵϴݳĴֲҵ˼£÷ʬ£ͣ


2235 ʬ
ÿһ߽ʬǶǽʬеļƷʬ˼ǧĽʬЩϼȡЩʬղŻΪʬҲ˵ʬͭʬԼʬݱ;У϶һʬɣӶýʬޱǿ
ÿһ߼ʬҪʬҪĽ׶ΣҪȡͬϵֻҪʬʬϵҲɽʬ
ܹɾͽʬּƷʬɹļֻǧ֮һҪãԣʬɾ͵ʮֿ̣һʬǲݱɽʬģΪûмʬԼȡֻ֮ѪܹɸߵȼĽʬ
֮ʬķűڶ࣬Ϊʮʬ䣬ʬĽʬֻһʮʬеһ֣»ϸ֡
éɽݱɵĽʬëеһ֣ëֱаëʬëʬߵļǲǣּƷʬҪͭʬ࣬ëǵĽ׶ΣǲѾӽˣܹӵС̣һҪȽʬײֹѽִֻ֪ڣǴûмʶֽʬѾ˰ɡ
Ҹү˵éɽƽʬʬ䣬ҲԶԶﲻʬɲǵĽ׶Ρ
ΪʲôéɽΪֻܽʬٵıɸëеԭҲö֪ߵƳéɽéɽʦүéӯֻܹéɽʬݱëһ԰ɡ
éɽ֮лʲôķţһֱûĥͨ͸
Ҳ˵֮ǰЩʬȻײУֲһȣǴںܴɱڴ˿̵˵ЩʬкܴôģҪܹ˺ϴ辭ʬǧתΪãҵΪԽԽߣ˺ϴ辭ܹתΪҵҲԽԽ࣬ʩչʬ߳ɵܹΪá
ܹ˾߽ʬȫתΪãҵΪܹͻͽһʲôزԼ޷
ԣǰʱǲܷģÿһ߽ʬ൱һǿĸ֣ѰֹΪ
ǰ߽ʬܿûϢҴ߶зӡǿ֮֮ӵǿˣһʼʬҪһֻеķʬĴ±ֹͣƬ̣ǽʬͱһ߿ݹǣȻҷ
߽ʬ֮Ҷʱõ
תͷչϻǵʱ򣬷ǼѾ֧ţÿ϶ڲϵĹҲʣģʮңĸ˼϶ʦҲƲסʱ߾߽ʬܵĻĲһֱڲϵĳЩʬϲƶȥ֮£ɼжôΣ
ڣЩһֱļһﱻԮסˣԶһֱ򶷵죬С˺ܶ࣬Ѿסˣ֪СӹҲѱ
ֻԥƬ̣ұٴγЩʬ˹ȥһΣһ±㽫߽ʬͰչǵսȦ֮˳к˶ʦ֣Ҹʬ
Щʬ̫ǿˣһʼǶ˺ϴ辭̫ʵûҽ˺ϴ辭߶޷ýʬֵĵزʬһצӹұСԣһʼЩʬʱұ÷ʬ߲شͷųһʬȻ˺ϴ辭ǵ
ʱһһţһʼ֪ȻǷų˾߽ʬѾȥ˲ʮˣéɽǱ߱˹ƣҸĸڵϦһ뵽ұļǣϳǰǾ߽ʬ͹ǽʬü£ǽʬɳȥܿ쵯Ȼֹʼʩͷų˻ɫзݣӭŶȥһҲû÷ʬߣϾʬţ޷ش
ʱͻȻ뵽һ취ǴƵҵĴƿ̺ǿģһǵףкܴһ׵ôȥʬа֮Ϊµıˡ
뵽ǽʬԣǶʴһֻצӳʱҵĴѾǰһǽʬؿڡ
顱һ죬ǽʬһεı˳ȥֻһΣʬϵʬйȻûٴοٵĵ


2236 Ҳ
һΣƺʬ˲С˺ϸСĵһʱˡ
ƶʬôɱпϲѣ֪ʬΪʲôˡ
£ұǾ߸ʦƴĽʬߣǽʬһƳŽʬ˹ȥ
ǹĽʬ³˴ͷ궼Ʋʬϵۼ׷ȴסƵĴݲУֻһƣǽʬҲɳȥâ˸ʬٵй
һ̣ҸʦкһæϽȥŰչǶԸʣĽʬܵشĽʬҴñá
һǣס߽ʬʣµЩʬǼ˼һ˶ԸһʱѹҲǿס˾ơ
ֻҪǱסţ߱ûʲô˼ˣű߶˺ϴ辭ͬʱȼǿһ֣㳯ߵڵϵĽʬк˹ȥ
˺ϴ辭˲ʹﵽһޱǿ״̬Ҹոʩչʱ򣬵ϵĻĲգۼĹήһƬҳܿٵ˹ȥ
߽ʬܵɢɿֲ̱֮㵯𣬳߷˹
ʱƶ߽ʬɵ˺Żţ˺ϴ辭֮£Ҳãܿ챻ס˲ӣԴԴϵǵڴﵽҵ澭͵֮С
ָоʮͬɳĮߣ춼ûкȵһˮˣͻȻȵһƿȪˮǰˬ졣
֮ǰڳʬΧʱ򣬶ĴģҲٵֲ˻
ʬ󲿷ֱɣڵ֮УԺЩûбյǿ֧ţҵıһ̿ǰǿ
һȣ˺ϴ辭߶˼£߽ʬԼٶȸɱȥ˿ݹǣɢ
߽ʬҲҸ֮ҾԼ֮ǰĸоȫһˡ
ļݵ澭ߣ󴫴֫ٺ֮УǿƶĽʬƺҲû֮ǰǰֲˡ
һ̣һΣٰ˲͵˰չɵߣ˫ֱ˴ƣ߽ʬ˹ȥ
߽ʬûκηĻᣬ㱻ˣڵأʬйݺᣬ߽ʬ˿ҵĴƵҲǿ࣬ٱȸղҪǿ
ͻȻͣɺͰչһ㶡
Ҳ۵ĽƣҽߵĽʬķɳȥ֮˵ӷ׷΢΢ζȻ˵ϡ
ǿ϶۲ˣһһֱûš
ȴƬ̵Уλζ֮䣬ֱһͻеߣǸʬʱͻȻ͵Ϯʣµļ߽ʬȫķ˳ȥһڵϣʬϴۼ׵ķ϶֮ð˳
ǼԶһ㡭ҳһǺ
ղ˺ϴ辭ЩʬʱȫȻ֪Ҫʲô
˺ϴ辭õӵ¯࣬ҲԽԽʩչʱΧһжᱻ˺ϴ辭ǿֲ֣̫ˣ½һɵˡ
ؼǣðһʮַ뷨Ҫһ߼Ʒʬʬȫɸɾҵθںֻܴǲ֪ܲܳܵסôʬ
Ҳ֪Һԣ˵ЩֱԱҲδ֪
̫ԼǿˣΪԵĵҲԽԽǿ
Ҳһһ׾ٵĴڵأҲ뾭ԼİŮˣһǰĲ龰
Ҳܣ
Ҵһ˺ϴ辭һεı߶һΣҲܶ˷ӡЩʬûбĵҲһͬá
ſ˫֣ץЩڵϵĽʬʱЩʬһӵϵ𣬿ٵĳ߷˹һһȫصһǷŭ˻ʹȻһж޼£˺ϴ辭ǿֲʱǵķʼĲ԰
ЩʬϴԽˮһ㳯ϴӿ룬һʼһûоʲôǹһ֮ҿʼЩѾԵĺܱˣȴҪЩ
վһһǶһĿɿڴģ̫ˣһ°˾߽ʬҪôθڡ


2237 Υĸо
߽ʬˮһӿҵ֮УҺܿоЩԲˣʼһŨĺɫɷϷϧЩ֮ǰĽʬҲƽϢӿ֮еԽԽ࣬Ĳλ
СšˡϿͣôܲˣŪԱģɳҴ
쳣ļֵҲŽŲǴ˿̵ǾԲҿҵģ˺ϴ辭µʱκοҵ˶ᱻȻЩʬһ㣬ҷ𡣵ֵزԼƿء
Ȼʱҵ죬ԩһεҶͷٴڶһɱɱĹѾþûֱԹ֧ĸоˣþúþöûָоˡ
־ΥϤĸоһսҷŭͳޣһҪһеķ
ˣҵȫ¾ȻһֿҪ˺ѵĸо
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ʶҪ޷Ƶһ̣һʼǿж˺ϴ辭֪ȷˡһ죬ǰһ棬û֪
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ɿ֣Щ˵СˣһΪҪء
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ǰ˼ʮףǱ㿴˵ŵļʬ壬һصЩ˵װȫؿнǰؾǺأһģʮ׼ͷ
ǰһξ룬㿴ʮ˵ɵ˼ʮʬ壬ʬԱ߻кܶ౻õЩʸըĴӣǼ˴忴һۣû֪ʬ壬һصˣҲûбˡ
˹ˣŴţ˶ȥˣ
ּǰ˴Լ׵ľ룬Ȼֿ˼ʬ壬Ҳһصˣͣ½Ų׼鿴һµʱٴδ˽Ų


2238 ͸¶һ
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ǿĻһ䣬սǰһ΢ЦŸǴһкӵȷǳĺÿòϻһֹŵʵУһ˵ʱ򣬻΢Щߣ˵Ҳϸϸġ
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ԭôһ¶˵ǿôûиϹһԸȵĽʬԭǱǸפء
үүżеĸȥǼǧ߽ʬܹõϵĸѾˣǿڣȫԶһ档
ʱǿעͻȻע⵽ҵĶӣЩԾ˵СŸ硭Ķӣôôôģ
ġйһЦЦ
ϻ˺죬ûиζ˻һۡ
ϻϹ˵ղǻҲע⵽ˣ֪Сӷų˰˾߽ʬǼȫɵǰ˾߽ʬСŸ˺ϴ辭ɵĸɸɾҷˡһ֪
֪ʱһ̧ͷҿЩŵ˵⡭ôܡǿǰ˾߽ʬǻһʱҵЩʬķôѪôܱôɱɾˡܣ
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ղСӼҺյĶֱ֣Ӵż˾ܣǺòײ׷˶ɱˣСЩѲǱǸ׽ˣһ˵СŸ͸©һǳҪ飬ǹéɽģֻһ˵ǱһҲãԾʹСŸˡǿǽ͵
һ˵ǹéɽ飬ҵĶʱéɽʲô֪϶ʮ˽⣬ں֪éɽĶʲôˣûûкˮʥ̵˲룬оԬǲҲһ˻ˮ
˵ɣʲôҾõĻһҿ֪
Ҿ֪ʮֽõˣҲŲҸһЩǳҪ飬ϲϷ뿪֪Ŀҵ
ǾҪҵ飬ֵֵһˡĿ
϶ֵڲȥéɽôҿԸιéɽľжˣЩ˶ģһܸͷéɽ˭ôȽûô֪ЩĿҵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪ˵Ķģһ뿪ġ
ʱ֪ĹһۣС˵¶¹شֻһˡ
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ЩĵĿ֪һۣʹһɫʾСһЩ֪
һȻҲ֪һСɫ̫ǿ˶ܽСӸ׽Сӿ϶˲ҡ
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˵˵˵ǡҵ˵
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˵ʱ֪üͷһ۽Ǵ˸һĨɱȻһֻ֣ϾȻһȵ͵һ³ҵؿ˹


2239 û
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Ǳը֮ǿǲʱ㿪Ļ̾ͻᱻͷ
֪ҵˣкܿж˷֪ķһڣ˵ˣôӦˣŪضѪ⣬Ӷϡ
֪ԱлЩʧеģСӲһֶ˵֮ǰ͸¶һ˿ϢпҲǼٵġ
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˵ǿ󾪣Щŵ˵ôܡéɽǵ֮ףǵɽŴе֮Ϊܵģ˵ɽŴǵéɽ沼ģô׾ͻᱻ˸ȥ
ҿڣбǿСӾͱˣ¶ǧȷéɽȷǱһص˸ˣ¶Сŵĸô׿תǵģ϶éɽɽŴôƻģҪȥéɽ֮и
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ЩĵĿǿգ˵ͱȥˣ˴գһص֮Ǽפ˭Ҳ֪᲻һص˹͵Ϯҡ


2240 ҪѪ
СŸ磬ʲô˼Ȼʱ䲻Ҳһͬ˺ܶΣô飬㲻ңǲǾΪãһϺȣǿЩޣ˵
ǿȥˣСŸ粻ȥǿոոմûãһصéɽ϶ıѾãȻ˲ٸУ쳣գ㻹صغ󷽰ɣͬҪ϶Ҳ뿴£㼴ǲΪ룬ҲҪΪ벻ǣһο
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Ȼնˣǻܶ˵Щʲôء
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˴ӸʱԶԶı㿴ֱֱܾͣԱкܶվڣ⻹мص߶
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Сȴǰһһסҵͬ־ߣ֪ǰ浽ôˣ쵼¾ֳǶðɣ
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ַɻǵһʮֿյΣܹ¶ʮˣǼһҲԵӵ
Ƕɣֱéɽһ˷ɻ֮󣬰չкǸɻļʻԱ
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쵼ﵽéɽֱ߾벻һǧֱǻȽľֱʱİʮϣȫǰĻԼСʱɵéɽϣ쵼ָʾ侯˵
˵һòôһһ۵İɣһЩ̫ϰߡ
±ЩִٵһЦ˵û¶㿪㿪ԽԽãȥéɽм¶


2241 éɽڵˣ
ǸǶתͷһֵۣǣ쵼
ұǶŵһһ㶵ģæ۷˻֮УǸǶСһۣǾ֣һүǶôӣһ̥µиһ㣬ȷЩŹ֡
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ҪĵЩʵҲܼ򵥣ҸָһܣЩȫӻǡ
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Ƶţұ㳯ڻе˿һּۣ˵ɫЩ̫ÿѾóŴףʼڷԼϡ
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ǣæѷʬ˳ݸǵǸϽ÷ʬ߽ʬɣһЩŴ׵ĹЧ̫ˡ
֪ʬһݳȥǼ˶æҡͷƵġ
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ǿЩ˼ͷ˵ǱһֱûСŸǵϢܵǻ飬ԡٺ١
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ΣҶ뿴éɽһص̤ƣȻ޴棬ⲻéɽʧĵŵʧһéɽĵķĻ̻̣ʿ䡣
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Ǿĵȴţʱһһţս֮ǰǼ˱ҪúЪЪˣΪǽҪٵһӴսԵҪЩʬѲĶ֡
䣬Զµġ
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ǣ쵼ӦһȻֱ䣬ĹǱһƽ֮ϡ
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2242 һȺ
˷׷˷ɻסĴéɽ֮ϾĵģЩ£ĻŻŵģһȥұ㽫Сȸ˳ϽĴѲһȦûŵĵˡ
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СȻһɺɷԶȥȥǼ˷׷˷ҲܹƣҸǽĞų˳ȥΧһһ
ӣֱϵ侯ǶͻȻ󺰵쵼ԭشԭ̷أ쵼ָʾ
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СܿٵתһȦٴ۷˻ٵĻΣҡҡͷ˵СŸ磬ҶһȦԲ֮ûκǿԷĵˡ
ҵ˵ͷû˵ܿһ֮󣬱éɽǰɽéɽĶ츣صںɽһڣȥɽƣ˵֣éɽĶ츣ȥأҿԴǽȥ
˵˵ͷ˵á
˲ҵ飬ҵǿٵĳźɽķȥڼ䣬СȰǰ·
Ǽ˽ų̶ܿ죬ڷɻϵСʱҶ˼죬ҳѦС߸ĲѪĵҩƺָĲˡ
ĹǼ˱תéɽĺɽҪǷķȥʱͻȻ䣬Сȱ㵽ҵߣС˵СŸ磬Ҹо˳߹ˣٶȺܿ졭
һС˵˵ɫٴαɵжԶ
ףܿ͵ˡ
ڲ֪Էʲôˣæʹһɫһ˸Էֿ˵·Ĳݴ֮УεԼϵΪĵȴš
֮ﻹ룬һصĵǺܿ죬ôͷˡ
ʵϸһҲǣǳֱģǴһ¡¡źü·ԷǲŹ֡
һصһСĽΪӪǹéɽéɽɽ϶ҲҪһ˷أֹԮǻûиϵéɽĶ츣صʱֱӾ͸ˡ
һص˿϶ɽŴɽûǼ˲Ѱ·ֱֱ͵˰ɽǴʧˡ
ʵҾЩԾǣǰεľ飬һصɽͺҶȵʱ򣬶ΧʮֲֿķЩ֧Ԯˣ춼Ҳ뷨ڣһⷨûвãɵľ͵éɽ
һ㣬ҸոģЩ֣֪ǲһصָʲôı
ʵ̫ˣ˷ʤ
ЩģŶ
˲ӵĹ⾰Ǻܿ˲Զ˽ŲҸٴʹһɫһҪǧҪ¶ʲôŲǣһȷһصˣߵߵʱǱһϣȫɵ
ȻֹƬ̣ԶҴ߳һȴǴ⣬ȻʮͷУΪ׵λɫģһأһΪ͡
ҿԵһۣ˼ϲʶʲôˣҸоһصˡ
ҡҡͷʾ֪ɫҲЩɲ
գۼĹȺбصطһųüëϺͻȻס˽ŲǷʲô˵ص϶ʲôĹڸ
˻һ֣Щб׷˷ܾĹ


2243 ԲԲ
û뵽Щ˾ߵǸ㷢ǵ١
ȷе˵ǷֵĲǣӵйеСȣǿֲĹϢΪĸǰҲ޷ȫأΪϵɷ̫֮ˡ
˸ˣҾҲûصıҪֱһ´Ӳݴ˳վλɮǰ棬ǻ׵ľ롣
ļ˿ٵɢ˷⼸ʮиΧˡ
ҸոһɲǣʱҴ˹δֻ˫ţŵȥЩЩأʱҴ߶ƣǸ֮ˡ
ˣǰҲĴʹ
̯һֳҴİȻǼڷķ飬ܹԿԽ˴һԴԷһټĸ֡
мҲܣȻֱӽסǴҵķ飬һ㶣ԵΪԾЩ򿴵ֵܼǸΧˣ׷ҲǾʧɫ
㡭ǺˣǳüëϺŭ˵
ҵһеķ飬ϸЩмۣӴǲǶǵĺɮǵصصıУ˵ĻҲǻԲ϶ǴˣǱж˼ַ
ǺˣҹܵéɽʲôҲʵ
Ǵҹܵéɽιȱɣһ˼޹һշһ㣬ֵĺʵ
Ǹ˵˭˰ɣҵ˵
һҵ֣ǰнסһЩҲʼ۷׷
üëĺǰһ˫ֺʮһ񣬿˵ӷ𡭡ԭǶʩƶɮǽϼɽķԲգλʦԲǣЩ˶ϼɽĵӡ
˵ȷѷǵУһ֣˱㽫ȫ
£ǰһһ֣˵ԭϼɽԲʦղŶðˡ֪λɮéɽΪ£
ԲպԲʦһۣԲʦ˵ʵǰϼɽӵ˻صĵ绰˵һصǰΧéɽǱӱ˸˹˰ɽλλ˶ãһصˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУҲǸյʡֱģŸոƵ˺ɽλʦˣΪǾһصأԲŻ
Բʦ˵ͷ˵ԭˣҲǽӵϢ˴Ҫéɽһ֮ġ
ҳӦ
λʦǿɽʱһصǰһʵ
з׷ҡͷ˵ûУһ·֮ûκεֿ
ЩˣһصգôܲأⲻǵķǸ˽Ĵûвá
һصǸͻȻϮéɽûʲô
ʱԲʦʲô˵ˣܾص˳֪ͨϼɽ֮⣬֪ͨ˽ǵϽɽ⻹̨ɽɽɽĸɣЩͽɷ׷׶֧ԮéɽˣصҲֿٸϵϽƷ۵ǵһص֪ͨģӦøϼɽǰ棬ûпƷ۵
æҡͷǻûţҲǸϵûá
ȻһǾһǰ濴ɣƶɮ˵éɽɽŴѾһص˸ˣ֪Ǽ٣éɽɽŴǧĹϴ汻˸˺룬ɽżȻˣҲͷȥˣҪȻǱ֮Ϊɽ֮⣬޷ġԲʦ˵
ãȻǶΪéɽһͬǰɡҵ
λʦ˵ͷȻкˣһ˼éɽɽŴķȥ
·ϣСһֱƮǰ棬̽·ԲպԲλʦСȵӰ֮д˲˼顣
ӷ𡭡ôСĹӵй֮壬ǰ;ƶɮҲͷһμʩһǰŲһԲʦ
СѾͷǹһñ˰ķéɽҢ˵ĹϵĺãܵҢ˵ָ㣬éɽ飬СѾͷǻҪżһ߿ߣһߵ˵
û뵽һصҰľȻôһξȻֱӹ˵֮׵éɽ𶯣ҪһȷѪˡԲʦЩ˵˵


2244 
ԲʦĻҲиоЩ磬治֪һصʲô㣬éɽĶ츣֮һ״ͬʱ뵽ҵĸĸҲ֪Ƕˡ
ȻһصѾéɽ˴֮Уéɽ±ȻһƬѪɺӵľ󣬲Ҳ̶á
ԽţҵĽŲԽԽ죬éɽķ첽ȥ
˴ԼʮӵĹ⾰һֱƮǰС۷˻˵СŸ硭ǰʬ壬ѾоǻǵĴˣǱĹｫǸˡ
˶һ㶣ȼǰ̽·Сܵǰ棬Լ׵ľ룬ұ㿴éɽʿ
̫ˣÿһéɽǴ̤éɽĶ츣֮ڣ⿪ط󣬶Ѿ˴˴ʬѾ䣬˫˫ɴ۾һĿģ
ʱ˹ȥλСӷת˹ұ㿴˵ĺĴֱһϸС˿ڣѪ࣬һ
λСǱ˴ӱ͵Ϯģһ˺ģһûУ˵ĽûаγʣɼԷΪҲʮ֮ɵ
̾ϢһæջһλСϣĹλСʬ㱻ܻճ˻ҽҿٵĽǵĹǻýڳһӣǵĹǻҸˡ
ˣûʬҰ޿˾Ͳˣô˵ҸλҲһЩģÿҹǶ˶д
ǵʬܹӣȻұк˼·
Բʦһۣ˫ֺʮӷԭʩҲǴȱ֮ˣϴŵɱħͷЩֲܹⷬɾͣʵȻ
ԲʦˣλСѣļǱʬҰҵ˵
˵ţǰ˼׵ľ룬ʱƮǰСٴ۷˻Щŵ˵СŸ硭ǰַʬ
һ
٣ʵ
ʮˣȫǵģĴ磬ɫۡСȵ
˱˴˿һۣ׷׼ӿ˽ŲЩʬķȥ
Żмʮ׵ʱǱ㿴˵Ƕʬȷʮߣ˵ĵڵϣϵѪŨŨѪζ
ߵЩһ龰׷˫ֺʮһӷ
ԲʦЩ˵˵Щ˱һǵéɽϽɽƷ۵ĵû뵽Ȼط
ãط϶Ʒ۵˼ȻȻһصΪɳ˵
⻰δ䣬ŵЩʬͻȻӵϿٵһɫֲ쳣ﻹڲѪһ㳯˹
ҵͷҲڴʱоһĪΣУΣвԴǰЩӵʬ壬ĵط
һ˲䣬̴߶ٰ˲һԿٵĶ
ڶ㿪һɲǼ䣬ǹ𣬴˷һƬǰཻ֯ҽʼҸղվĵطԲպԲǴЩϼɽĺ˲͵һƬ
ʱںϺĻæϽ𲧣ûеڵϵϼɽĺȫչҲǹһ̣ŻǱ߿ٵľۼ
ٰ˲֮󣬺ܿͲһŴ׳ǧ棬ӵĹ죬ƤɣǻԵģһҡ
һͷŻǱ߿ȥղǹʱϼɽȺ̾͵˶ʮһضûУԲպԲʦӦǺܿģ˾Ƴŵһһ㣬ҲһôΡ
ܿ죬ƷɽЩȥĵʬ壬Żӵȥ۾һۣЩ϶һֽͷʬǶǺɮֶΣҲֹһ̹һһصΧéɽˮʥǱ߿϶Ҳ˲֧ԮҲ˵ҲпԬˡ
գۼĹ߱ʧأ˸ףʤ
ϽʱסţЩǷӵȴﲻ
Ϊٸߣһǹŵ֮ʣҪЩڲԶǷǹļһС
뵽ҳſǹǸطһۣԷ˱ȽܼǴԼ߰ʮԶͣƬ̣ٴδ߶ٰ˲һ೯Щ˰˹ȥ
үģСүʱˡ
һǰУһ߽ͭǮ˳ʩչ˱ͭǮ󡭡


2245 ˽ͷ
ͭǮԼٶɣҵͷ֮ϣҵıУͭǮҲŶԷǹĵطХȥ
ʱ䣬Щ˺ܿ췢ҵĴڣΪͷЩͭǮ̫ҫˣǷߵʱ򣬺̩ܿĺ߿ǹ
򻨺ǱߵӵȻһգϤȫߴ˹
ʱѾŲѱͭǮıͭǮǻжʮ׵ĵطѾЩ˳ֵ
ǳ߿ǹһ˲䣬ٰ˲Ѿһ˶ʮ׿ĵط
һ̣ͭǮγЩǹļһɢȥ
ͭǮҵΪϿչֳҲӵǿͭǮһƬͭǮʱҲٵ̣ƺƵǧ˲㳯Щɢȥ
վڶʮ׿ĵط֮ͭǮȻ˵أǽЩǹļһѣЩ˲ĵطһƬǽ塣
ľǧٿףʯͷĴɣӳ˱ͭǮѹ֮⣬ȫɥڴˡ
һбͭǮȥ֮󣬻ǱߺܿϽ𲧣ϼɽЩŭĺгЩǹɱȥ
ղЩˣһӵȥŵϼɽʮλɮˣǿɶǳϦദʦֵܣߵʦֵܵ£Ⱥܲŭء
Ҳô׷ģΪ֮ǰϽɽЩȫǸɱˣһǸŪʬסǵȥ·һ٣Ǿ͸Щʬ֡
Щʬȫûʶ˾ˣнͷһЩʬץҧܿͻ˽ͷڻʲôͲ˵ˣЩǵаҲر˽⡣
Ϊ˲Щˣߺһ˼ˣԸϽɽʬЩŰչԲʦ⻹ʮֱ׷ȥ
һ֣ͭǮ˻Ǭ˱֮Уű׷ŻǵӰȥ
ܳȥûã˼ǹ죬Щһļһﻹǹһһ߻ͷ׷ɱǵĻе˷ǹ
׷ǰȥʱ򣬷ϼɽмУѪ֮С
һŭæٴμӿٶȣ׷ߵʱǹͻȻһֹͣҴչȥһߵǼ궷һļһѾɵ˵ϣ±һźɫɷƣҿ°ĭֹܿҾ˹Щ˶Сȸŵڵϵġ
Ƭ֮Щ˱ֹͣ˺СȺܿûΣƮ˳
һ£СǺٶɱ˵ģСѾͷЩŭղѲ߷ڣܾûзЩ˵ĴڣԲŻЩŭȫЩ˵ϡ
ӷ𡭡һص˾ȻнһԼ׳ɵĹأǲʹûģаǹٷԣǾȻ嶼ˡԲպҡͷ̾Ϣ
Բʦ֪ˣЩ˿ɲʲôһصˣǶǳĺˮʥ̵£Ҳ֪һصˮʥ̾ʲôɸ˵ĿģǱΪ飬һѣˮʥɳһЩֹ֧Ԯһصˮʥ̿϶ǻĵĹأֻҪɱˣһ㶼伫е
Ǻˮʥ̵ģԲʦЩŵ˵
Ӧǣ˺ˮʥǱǽǵԬˣҾúˮʥ̵ĿԱȽϴ󡣡˼˵
˵ŻͻȻ䣬վԲʦߵһСأԲǿͻȻһźɫıѪ
һСˣ׷˿˺ü
ʦҡС֣Բպץȥ
һԲʦɫʹֱҪȥץСУʱҿ첽ǰһסԲʦĸ첲ԲʦСʦ˽ͷǧҪҪȻҲմȾϽͷ
ô˽ͷղŻúõġԲʦЩ˵
˵ǸһСʦɫһ¾ͱˣ֮вѪһſڣһںѪǺѪ֮вźܶ˿ȻСһͷԵ˵ϣƤϾȻٵ˺ܶ˿Ѫ⣬ϱܲżʮ˿ֲҲ̣һѪһʹغʦȡҰ
ֻ⻰ûü˵꣬СʦһͷʱѾȫ˿ˣͷƤ飬ⶫǵĽͷ෱࣬Ǽ˶ڽͷֲ̫˽⣬һڣǧҲ޷⿪ͷ


2246 ųȶ
һԲշʦĪҪһСʦȥٴסοԲʦܸڰʬ岻һѻˣͷ֮а쳣һҲմȾ˽ͷҲ졣
˵ţһһСʦϴȥʱһСʦܿճһѻҽ±СйȥһСʦĹǻҸȥ
ߵ飬ٴδ˽ŲһͷһһǷ׷׳˹󻹸ϼɽһɮڡ
СŸ磬ʰˣͷƵʬ壬ȻͦˣʵҲڣӱȫǸˡǿҵ
ҵ˵ͷʱһֵղ﷢ʲô
Բշʦͽ˽ͷոˡҵ
һˣԲʦʮ𾪵˵
Բʦ˲ֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ôеĽͷһʵ
ǸղŸЩʬƴʱ򣬲СıЩʬ˵˰ɣˮʥ̵ϲʬ϶ֽţЩʬݺָ϶մнͷ˷ʤһ
ʦղҲʬһ£һ᲻ҲһСվ˳Ī˵
ʦҲץˡ
ţСдȺվ˳һŵɫ䣬
ûԤϵǣһСиո˵꣬ӱҵĶ˼£һǽͷҪˡ
һһ֣ǧƱɵСеϡ
æҲó˷ʬߣݸСУæܾǵ
СŻˣ˵ôֱ࣬˷ʬ߱ȥ
ʬ߿ԿһаҲӦܹסͷղһͷʱʮͻȻҽͷѾ裬ʱȿѾˣЩ£Ҳûиʲô
ĹǧƱǸոչƶСе˳С˼ڣܿɫָƽ
ҿһһʲôʱǧҲܹ⿪ͷˣ
ղλСʦеǹƽƽͻĵĹƶ֮࣬ǧܹ⿪ĽͷͲ˵ˡһ͵
СҲ˷ʬߣϲ˲Ƿʬֻңл
ҿʼЩˣøЩϼɽĺһߣԲպԲλʦΪ֮⣬ǴЩӵֶʵЩãоĲˣʵЩǵĺȡ
ֵܼжĻӦòô鷳
ؼǶԷǹͷ۵顣
ҺһγЩСϵĽͷԲպԲλʦҲл
̫éɽ֮ϵĸĸҲûж˵к˳ŷķȥ
طéɽ츣صѾԶˣǺҹɽơ
ʱọ́һһҡͷ̾Ϣһ԰
ôչʵ
Ҹղ̿һ£éɽɽŴִųȶǱ˸ƻˣЩˡƵ˵
éɽɽŴȻûбƻǸνȥⷨ˾Ӳ϶ǲеġԲʦ޵ǵ˵
ⶼ⣬ҾǣȻéɽɽŴûбƣһصδŴֹéɽأνȥģûУɿǵ
һˣ˵Դﶼơ
᲻ϢǼٵġԲʦ̽ʵ
ܣ¶СŸĸԴǵģǼȫˡչ
ˣȽ뷨˵ɡҳ
ʩܹéɽɽŴ󣿡Բʦҵ
Ҹĸéɽ֮ס˺ü꣬ΣʮϤģҴŴҽȥӦûʲô⡣ҵ
˵éɽɽŴ²ùˣⷨеɱÿϼзλʩȥéɽĶ츣صĻһѽȥԲʦѵ
ǰҲéɽɽŴǻģÿһʱͻ²ãΣأһٲ֮ء
һ£˶˳
СţȻΣӦô֪ɽŴŶݼ׵Ĳù죬һǰ·ͼеֶݣ˺һͬȥϣǺܴġͻȻ
ĿǰҲֻˣգҪ뿪Բţһڷ֮ߴһǿɲġɨһ˵


2247 Ź
ҵĿһһɨǰ֮ˣȻ⻰ҲֻǸϼɽЩ˵ģҵЩֵܣ϶ϲǣ¾Щڷ֮ǳʲô˶ꡣ
вС¶ֲ̿ɫ⻹ûнéɽĶ츣أϼɽЩǱ룬ⶴ츣֮еľѪȲҡ
ЩϼɽĺƽʱҲôƴûмѪȲҵĳ棬ŻУʵЩΪƴľ̫Ƿȱġ
Ƭ֮Բʦéɽǵʥأϼɽһ´ˮéɽϼɽҲ᲻ݺĵƶɮǶģʩضԣȻƶɮˣѾڴ˵׼߰ɡȻԲʦ˵ˣЩҲûжԣĬˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵һһﶼһſҵһһмǣéɽɽŷ֣ߴһٲҾԲ˵Ц
˵꣬ȫͷʾӦʡ
ұһȺɽƵĺɽ첽С
вʱ㵽֮ǰλСҽɽŴ֮
λδ򿪵ɽŴֶΣÿζۿߣҵֶҲ󲿷ֶéɽүéɽĵӣⷨŶһġ
ѧ֮ǰλСֶδɽţǰƣϢɢŽĴչ
һͷһˣȻ粽ǰ
ĸҵһһ
Ƚȥ֮󣬲ûʲôѣǰһξ룬Щ̫ԾˣΧųʱȫһ˵
ͣס˽ŲͷһɣȻ֪ҵ˼ͻȻָڰ֮黯˼Ȧдʣһ״Բ̱㸡ҵͷ֮ϣǰ״ͼ֮ϣȫǸָͼģ΢΢ɢ˽â֮ǰڻɽ֮ϵõͼˡ
ͼ˺һȻһ۾߶߶ģһ۾ǰģǬת޼أСţǰһһߴһ˲䱻һճɻҽǶյĻҷ㰴˵ߣ϶ġ
Ӧһæ˵ǰȥ˵ʵǰéɽΣéɽɽŴ֪ٻˣûһôżûס
éɽ沼ķ󣬼ǧǰĴãô׿֪˵ŶǼٵġ
ˣЩСо͸˵ˣһսս·ӣɽŴ֮ǿҵĞųǶЩܲס
̫ŵԵʣһСнŸûվȣһ˶ʱһŻ棬䡱һӶ˾ƾʧˣŵĺЩСз׷˰ӷ
һﲻҪţߣҲҪ£Ǻܿͻ߳ġο˵
㣬ҺͣÿǿĞųʱҶͣͼһҶɽŴϤ󲿷ֻԼȥģ˴ԼСʱǰŵ࣬һȥʱͻȻͳһۡ
ҵķŪøһ¶ͷ㱻˿Դ
£ҴǬ˱һ½ʦָ˳ǰһȴ˳ȥȻֽСȸ˳ȥӦʦ֡
ȥ֮Ҳһ˳ȥ֪һȥ洫˼ҽУӵ졣
мʦȼˣأԲҽŵ˵ϣյĻܡ
мɮΧŷСкӵŶʦϴȥ
治ϣéɽɽŴĳڴڶţҪҸղż飬ʦֺСȸ˳ȥ˵һðͷͱЩ˸ɸӡ
ܺӰҲһ¡
һʱӵҴ˹æٰ˲ӰƮĴͬʱóеĽ꣬һһЩǹļһ˳ȥ
ҶԸЩ˵ʱǷ֮еɵҲ׷˳òкǱ˷˵ıһͨɱ
ղŶŵкˮʥ̵ˣҲµһص٣һٶˡ
ֻǶʦͻȻðŻɱ˳һ½߰˸˶ˣЩŵļһﾪʧ룬ĴɢȻûʲô·
˵ʵҴɨһۣЩȻ٣ǲûʲôرĸ֣ڵΪȫѹ⽣ңһ·ֱײƬƬѪ֮С


2248 ·
һ飬ΪʲôЩûéɽ֮Ⲽֹ˽ķһΪԴéɽһξ˴ѣҲǰ֮ǰǳΧéɽĺƽ֮ѾЩʮ־裬éɽ֮⣬ҲéɽĵĴѲӣߣǰλɽɽкҶ֮ѣѾéɽȡ˽ѵǶһصϼӷһصҪéɽΧ͵͵ʲô۶ӳ϶ѣéɽڷĲãĵҲһģ÷ȻҪųéɽֵľ
ߣһ·߹éɽɽŴ󣬷ʱ򣬷éɽĻɽǻɽ֮еĸֻطһҲûб٣ɽŴéɽ츣ϣһԽĺ蹵һصҲ֪ʲôӣϢĴŴ㹥éɽĶ츣֮ڣȴɽŴ
ɽŴȻû𻵣ǶҪ֧Ԯ˵һȻϣҪһصõǿĸҪǿٱֹ
һصóǸصķֻа취ƻߴһȱڡ
éɽɽŴͲһˣǿéɽλʦүĽ˵һ죬Ǹһʱ䶼һܹéɽĶ츣֮ڡ
ڴˣһص˲ڶ츣֮Ҵֳֻçʵ֤ǶһȺڻңֵܹסϽɽСɣǶԸЩսĺ֣ûʲô
һص˾Բ뵽һéɽ츣صˣ֪νУ߻һͼĴãܹⶴ츣֮ˡ
뼴һصɵĸָҲֻɽŴ֮żǸ
Ҳ˵ǸûԮٽˣʣµľֻܿԼ
ǻҪǵƴܲܽҵĸĸȳȥǾҪ컯ˡ
˵ʵ˿éɽ˵ǴҪģҲûػµĴȱ֮ģֻҪҵĸĸö˶ˣҾѾˣĶ˵ҪĲǺҪ
һ߳裬ϵĿɱһЩ߰飬ǰŵЩˮʥ̵˺һصûʲô̫ǿĵֿΪһЩģҲе飬㱻ҷŷ˵ϡ
˿̣ҵЩңЩš
벻ͨȻéɽɽŴû˿Щ˶ôôأ
̫˼ˡ
֮ǰʦֺСһ֣Щסŵļһһʧ룬ҳ֮˲㿳ʮˣкһǳǽЩ˴仨ˮͷܡ
һ߿ɱһ߳ŹéɽƷ첽ȥǱ߻кܶéɽפأ뿴ﵽ׻û˻ţ϶׶༪٣ԴҽӵҸôķϢʱѾȥСʱˣСʱԷܶ಻˼顣
һ˶ʮ˵ʱѾ뿪սȦһľ룬ΪҾþЩŹһȫӦȥ֣ҪĿǸƷéɽСȥҵĸĸǲĵˡ
Ȼ͵ҿҪƷǱߵʱбͻȻкüѷ˹
ҸоһľΣУæٰ˲ʯͷ棬ͻȻɮһɷһ࣬潫ҸΧ
ҶһܿϳЩˣ⼸ɮ϶Ǻˮʥ̵ˣһէ³ĵϵ£ΪǲǺɮһǺۺɮרŸէ³̧ӵġ
ĺܿǳǵϡһۺɮ˵
˵̩ȫܹ
ûԤϵϾҪˣб۾ǡ
һҪлĴڵһֹ㣬Ѿʥϣʲôòġһۺɮ˵
ǰէ³ǰҵȷŲǶԸǼС£һʮĵġҵ˵ţеĽ΢΢׼ǰ⼸ۺɮ֮гɱ⡣
ҵǼۺɮЩηģϾ֪ҵʵһеĺۺɮҲ٣ۿġ
ںôཀྵʬûŪ㣬˵кö߽ʬôģǺۺɮֵ
ȥٸǷϻ˿·
˵ţһ㳯һۺɮؿն˹ȥ


2249 Ʒʬ
һնȥʱҵﻹһ飬֪̩ûôһ˵
һնּֿȷˣǺۺɮŵĻһæеͷֵеĽ꣬ܿбײһ𣬷һȻһѵ죬ǺۺɮеķӲıҵĽأǺɮҲһ±ұ˳ȥһѪ
ɱ֮է³в̧ӵĺۺɮǸоЩۺɮʵǿÿһ˵ΪҪﵽּҲ˺ôŸɷǣǴʱ˿̣ôֵΪ֮Ϊͻͽһ֮£㽫һۺɮģҲû뵽ġ
ЩֵΪתΪԼ֮ĺǿǿҶЩˡ
һдȥ֮ۺɮһ㶣ŷ΢΢һͬʱ˼֮ж¶˵ӵɫǵұ֪ǼҵģͻȻǿңоЩţѾʶǸڵȫһˡ
ҸǷӳʱ䣬һΣٴγɱȥۺɮľٶЩ⣬ǾȻ򶼲Ҵֱת㳯ŽéɽǸƷˡ
׷ۺɮʱ·֮ǰһɳȥĺۺɮǼһ￴ұ˹ܣʱеĳѾն˹ȥһɨǧǺۺɮҲֻǸո㱻һɫĽˣһأ˸߶ûһ͹ҵˣһﵹʹ졣
նɱ˴֮Ҽۺɮ׷˹ȥһΪȻ۽ųȴ޷ȵģΪٰ˲ֶΣʩչֱǿȡ
գۼĹұ׷ۺɮҪٽȥʱۺɮͬʱͷٶһϵĺۣǺ֮бɳһȺһĶ棬ǵصĳ߷˹
϶һֽͷȻҴ⣬βϵĿٶ֮⣬æһлʽһӽ֮ԽԽΧЩƵĳӷһȦЩȫ˻ҽĵһء
ȽЩƽȫ֮ۺɮѾӳԶۿéɽƷܽˡ
Ҫǽͷ͹ƶЩΪηĶҸ֪λ⣬ҪȻô׾ͷȥ
Щƽ֮æһεļӿٶȣƷķ׷˹ȥ
ۿϾҪ׷ۺɮʱͻȻһĻҷŭĲ³Ѫ龰
ҾΣǸдšéɽֵ̽Ʒ棬Ȼһʬ壬ЩʬȫǴŵ۵éɽʿЩʬϻڲϵµѪ
ǵĲӱһӰţ΢΢ζһĻҵƺҲڸŵѪ
ɱ˲ͷأ˶ѾǸɱˣȻҪʬйߣҾ޷̣̫ôѪˡ
ҵķŭһ˲ͱǰĲ״ȼˡ
ЩéɽƷŵʬ壬ҶʶһéɽʱĸҴкСŸΣҵĲ
ҲүȺһ̫ˡ
һҷŻ˽ŲɱڣһһĳƷԱ˹ȥ
ۺɮѾƷ棬Ʒ滹վһٶˣΪ׵ǼһصĶģˡ
һصΧéɽ϶Ǿȫֶ֮Ķȫ˹
ǲǸ֣һ۱ܿ
һŽ곯ǱȥʱƷЩ˺ܿҲҡ
ۺɮģߵһߣС˵ЩʲôЩһصһƬȻ
ܿ죬ұߵƷ棬ǻʮ׵ľ롣
ĺÿ찡ҸովһȥԼʮɽ۾˹
ֵЩ̡
Ҳûǰˣ̧ͷһ۹ƷǼʮéɽʿʬ壬һʵΪʲôҪô
ɽϷʵһЦ˵˵ʲô
Ҿ˽ָ꣬ƷЩʬ壬ֵ˶ǸɱˣΪҪǵʬ棿
ǵսƷôôԹéɽһصΪУ뾯ʾéɽǸһصԵˣ³Ҳ㡪


2250 һɱʮ
ҲȻһЦǸɽʵǺˣ
ϷһصֶĶңǳμ棬Ҳһμ棬һصȫоΧéɽϾҪβˣƫƫҪϹ˵˵ǲǻȪ·㲻ߣƫҪǹİɣǼһһЦ
ҵĽָ˺ңһһٵ˵죬ģҪڳһصͺˮʥ˵ͷЩƷЩֵܵӢ顣
һ䣬ǺҵȺ֮ͻȻһƱ϶ŻףһͣƲҪǰҲ֪Ϊ߳˶ٲΡ
ЩʮһˮĹͷϵĻײǸ֮һЩƤףһͷվ˳ޱĿһ۵
Ҿǡ
С˵Ҫˣ˭ǹͷ˵
㡣ҵ
ǹͷʱ±ˣȻתͷߵֶĶһ֣صʵҶǺҲڻнΪ𣿡
ɵ棬ΪȥȥӦúȸһ𣬵ȴû˵һصһŵûмǾֻһܣǴǴһصܶļһ˵ҲҪ̽һ£ҵ뷨׶Բԡ
Ȼһһɻɫǲʶʲôġ
ʶǺȴʶǹͷ˱ʣЩεĸɿһ˵ǸģһǻˣǺʥʹء
ģҲУǹͷһķѽ⡣
Ҿ͸ȷˣǺҶΪʥʹӦþһصܶЩһֱһص֮ܶڣӴ֪⻨ԭģһصЩˣȫɱ˻
Ҳǹͷ±ˣҡͷʥʹСˣأʣֻ轫ɱ˱ɣ˿һصľУĴϻȫ֣ǸĽɫʥʹһҪСġ
ǹͷһʱŭɶʱеķǰѵһʱ˻죬˵ſװ˻񣬵ǷޱȣͱȿǰնСһţ֪֣ⷨӦýŶ˻ͭҲһܲķû뵽ʮһصĹͷһѣһصʮͷʮӡ
Ϊɱһص΢ĳϱԼ޵ˣǵǰֻһֻϣ׾ٵıԽǹͷݺݵĵ
λ˭Щˣһһﲻ˵ҪȫŪԴնοéɽ飬Ǿͱ
һ䣬еĽ귢һֱһһɨǧ㳯ǰǸͷն˹ȥ
ǹͷüͷһæеͭŵԼǰ֮ϱǵɫĽײ֮ͭϡ
ǹͷ΢΢һΣʱ䣬Щͷ׷ͭ˹
ʮͭζˡ죬ȫк
ҲǷ˺ݣеķŭﵽ˶㡣
Ⱥֱ磬ҽһҪȫɱ⡣
ţеĽޱǽĸȾ֮£֮֮ϹŹֵķ֣һ״֮
һԿͷһȫĺ
һҲȫˡ
һ̣ٴγѾƿʮͷһصЩȺ֮УոͷһɱʮˣٲѪɺӣͷĴɣʬߵʮͷ֮⣬Ҳһصĺֻ֣ǵΪ˿ҵ˵̫󣬸ûһ֮УҼιЩ˵Դ׷ء
˵ҪǵԴéɽϵЩ;Բʳԡ
ɱȺмλõʱ򣬽ջ˼շ䣬ԼҰУȻ߶콣аֵ
˿̵ҾվȺм䣬ʺʩչеʱ
Ҵһ֣˷ʱʮطѿΧߵЩһص˱շϸ⣬޷ҷֵֺʽһʩչʱмʮ˱˰֮У֫ϱۣѪɡ
ʮͷֶĶҲòâĴһ
ɱħɱħҪɱˡ֪һ˵


2251 ȫ
ǰѾڴɱˡ
ҪЩһΪǵΪصĴۣҪǵͷЩéɽӢ顣
ŽֻǸոտʼ
֫ϱ۳գѪܶ඼ҵϣһִ̣ͭǮԼٶȴ߶˱ͭǮ󣬳ǧͭǮͷᣬ˾޴ĺ֮ʮзӦҪٴγ˹ʱȻ俴ͷЩͭǮʱֹס˽Ųźٵȥ
ôͭǮʯͷܴɸӣЩһصܶҲòâܣôףٴδ߶˲ľ֮ԦľõϵĻĲľԼٶЩҪܵ˵ȫסˡ
ЩΪߵ˵أǶһصЩΪô˵ֱһجΣĲһǵ˫ĲסǻеķЩȥһֳһٶȶûЩٶȿ졣
ҵΪϵԦľҲʹõ¯࣬һͭǮʱܿٵɢȥ
ɫĹâĴɣЩһصļһʹ;֮УĿǽȴһܶ
ǽʹ;֮нԼݵһ
һͭǮȥ֮ֶҴЩ˻ȫˣԡһǺһĺö˶˵ġ
ôһĹȫˣǺѾŵǲɫ
ʮܶʥʹҲ¶һ˿ֲ̿
˵ɱħһšۼʶˣһգ۵ĹֶľȫɱˡҲ
ʲô˶ǣСӵȷЩ£һϣһͷţɱ
ֻСӵĻ˵꣬ĺͻȻһӲӵĶԼٶײĺ֮ϣһ´˳ȥǸĶǻеϽ𲧡
̧ͷһСɡչһǿȫˣ˵ͳЩͷ׷ɱ˹
ҵȫˣЩһصܶĹƨʥʹǵˡ
ǸɳȥʥʹִܿӵЩҲ׷׵ͣ˽ŲתͷȥǼڵĸϻѪ
סȫˡҿǣסٴξһ
ǿ첽ǰлЩ˶Χм䡣
Сš㶯ǹģһ͸ɷôˣǱҲǸո꣬ʹҴҸˣʣºЩආͽϼɽλʦˡֱԽЩһصʥʹպȻûнЩʥʹ
Щͷ֮ǰûмӦǴһصܶܳĹɣɵ˵
˵˭ǹһʥʹŭɡ
˵ľ㣬ٻɣզأҧҰչǰһٴμŭЩˡ
ɱǣһһҪֽ⼸˵ԴȫéɽƷ棬ҿôšһʥʹ
˻һڣչǵĿȫԶƷ棬һʬ壬éɽػɽŴĵʿ
һЩƷ棬ҡҷéɽһҲһ㣬ŭˡ
ǿԼǵˣʦɽԼһ۵ĵʿˣǷŭ쳣ƿڴʿɱ裬Ⱥһص̫ɺˣ缸һҪΪéɽЩ˱𰡣
˵ţǿ˳һͳЩһصʹɱ˹ȥ
ǿһ֣սϣӰġ
ȻҲȫʩչֶΣЩʲôƨʹɱ˹ȥ
һĿ겢Щʹ֮ǰӳĺۺɮүģúõĶǲţܵĵĵϸ飬СҲͰˣҪΪŰΧéɽǻˡ
һԶοһǰء
ۺɮʮּ飬һǾ״˿ȫۼ˴˴ʱһҪߡ
Щһصʥʹ֪Ǽ˵ʵȴʶǿˣЩʥʹ϶ҲκβǣҪ֮ززô׾ˡ
ǱߣչѾһصܶʥʹײ򼸸ٰ˲ۺɮǰ棬ὣסǵȥ·
λżǲԶΪˣӦþ֮ǡ̩ۺɮ˵


2252 Ƥ׼Ӳ
㲻Ҫ̫Ҿ㣬ϴڶǸ飬ʥʮŭϴηһ㲻Ҫôߣ㻹ҸǺˮʥΪУʥҵ㣬ɱȫңиһɮв
в𣿡Цſ
ô붼ԣ뿪ǵǿʥǰԼ䡣Ǻɮֵ
ȥһҵɵˣǺŪ˵Ļ
£ЦһǲԴ¿ˣһէ³ǷһǱڵһָˣǱӴܣΣէ³ǰ޷ǾѣôὫ˵Ļܶƨãէ³϶ǣڻʱұ޻ء
һ£ҽֵðɣҵĻ˵ˣǸȥˣ
˵Уҳֱ룬˲ۺɮߣһ֪ܲˣֻӲͷƤ˷ġ
ڼ֮ǰܸɲСвֻڣҾͲ˵ɶˡ
غ֮һﶼҴѾûκм֮˹ƽҲٰ˲ٵĶ
ֹ֮һȥֱӽһ˵ֱ۸ն
һﳹױŷˣ֮зң˼У׷ױնԴѪܵͷ۷ԭأʬȺ֮С
Ʒ˵Դˣͻʮܶʥʹ⻹ֶĶҡ
۷ȥʱΪ⼸ʮʥʹӦҲ챻ʰɾˣȻ鲢ǱеսҪǿ
ǰŽʮʥʹ˲Զİչôô
СŸ磬ϵƤ쳣ӲȽʬѴԼԾ֪ˡչʮƵ˵һʼҾע⵽ЩͷϴƤףⶼʲôˣдֶģֻǵʱû뵽ЩϴƤ׻޼᲻ݣͨƤ׻ߣЩ˵㲻ʲôôִģЩеķҲܹһ̴
ÿһ˵ķһϵࡣ
뵽æս֮Уרҵһ˶ƴ˼УЩܶʥʹÿһͦǿһǿ˵ҵĻǲҵĶ֡
Щʥʹһصܶ汻ɱ˻ÿһ൱ȸĸ֣ҲϵͬéɽһϣĻéɽ治ʲô¶
Ҹǰͷһ߰УҵһᣬһϣҲƤ棬һȥִķȻƲƤףһ˻
ЩŵƤ׿϶Ǳƹġ
ǰһҲԼϵƤ׵ǹ룬ֻأʽͣе÷󵶿ֲ쳣죬һһеĳк
ȥǰ취ҪƿϴƤײС
뵽ͻȻһ⣬æֱӳǰȥʥʹƴһΣϵƵʽҵһᣬһʥʹϡ
һΣЧȻȴŸɽţƣܹҵ˲
һƹȥʹһƺߣһѪ󼲷ɶȥ
أһٰ˲ε󣬽ŷ˳һնĲϡ
һԴ͹˵ϣѪһء
԰ȫǻףԴΪĻڡ
Щʹҽǵͬɱһʱŭˣֳַܿ˳ɱ˹һ÷󵶣һʽǾǸƳĻһȻǻȱһЩʲôǱƴʵս飬Ӿû
˳ҳʩչ콣ǻʽһɫĻ³ȥγһ״˲ƶȥ
ǲĿǾԲϰݵģ˶Ŀ죬һ˺ܿͱײɫĻ棬˲ҵİ֮ҲƬ̣˾ͱˣȤǣ˱֮ǻȴ
Ҳû»ģЩλǻ¶档
£˳Ҽɱһмܣһٴδ߶ԦľЩʥʹʩչȥĲȻ̫ãȴǵжĳٻࡣ
֮Уʮ֮һʱͿԾٶһЩܹЩ˱Ȫʱ䡣
ȻҸƴʱǧƺܿһʥʹ


2253 ɱ̫
Ҵ߶ԦľͲľ֮õϵĻĲԼٶЩһصܶʥʹϲƶȥЩʥʹһΪЩγɲ̫Ӱ죬ȴҲܹƶٶȡ
һǧƱǼͷʥʹ֮ǻܿһͷʥʹУ壬Դ¶˳ҲΨһĵطǧһһͷʥʹ֮ǹͷʥʹ߶ûһֱӾԵڵأӾƬ̣㿪ʼƶãдССĹƳ˵ʬ֮˳ϷɵģģһƬٴЩͷʥʹطɶ
ͲıЩƳҧһڣЩʥʹ̱УҪôɥҪôá
ߣЩҲսĺ֣ǧƵ֮£ЩͷʥʹһȫѪ֮С
ӣЩһĹͷʥʹͱЩȫɵˡ
һ￴ź˵ڵϵЩʬ壬׷׶һۡ
һصܶɳĸ֣ÿһ˵ʵǿӦøȸϵʵ֪࣬һһص״˶ĸΧéɽ֮ڣôéɽΣˡɲ޵ǵ˵
Ҫ־Լ磬ܶĸţȣҲǸŵˣҿҲéɽǧţ񣬶츣֮ڸԻܶ޵ĸֻǲģһصҪһ֮ڽéɽɾǸǲܵ飬éɽķأҲһصЩ˺һġв˵
ʱѾƷ棬ЩéɽƷéɽӸȫųһš
һϤףидĶ࣬ʮֿɬ
Щʬ壬Ҿһ˵éɽλѣǱˣһҵֵǣЩéɽĹɱƬײǾͰĵ߰ɣһٶͷһ·
˵գתк˼ǰߣ޴Ʒǰϼɽ·éɽСҵĸĸס棬Ҳ֪ˣһ뵽бֲ̿ѡ
˾Ҫ뿪ʱȺͶʦҲ߿ٵı˹ǵ󻹸ϼɽһС
Բʦһ㿴صʬ壬ɵ˫ֺʮһ㵵˵ӷ𡭡һսƶɮַ˲ɱҲۿɱˡӷ𡭡
ԲʦһһصЩ޶ƽˣ¾޹ôȫеǲǵġеѣ˵
λСʦǿͨ͸ֻɱ̫࣬ƶɮʵѰԲʦֵ
ҲûǳЩƲ飬㿴ԲպԲʦλʦδ㣿éɽķûκԮˣǰߵĻСĿԷǳ˵ʵҪΪҵĸĸéɽ˵һصôģжҶһҴֵҲҪҲֵһ
Բʦ˵ͷɫʩٶˣȥǾȥģǱǣ죬éɽ֮ϣҲҵ컯ʩǰ·ɡ
ԲʦǷ𷨸ѾҳԲʦһ֣ת㳯éɽСķ첽ȥ
ڴƷЩéɽʿʬ壬ûʱʰˣÿһÿһ˵ɥһصȺħУҪȡٶȸϵéɽСȥ
̤ѪǰȥصĲ֫ϱۣһԲԴɢڲݵϣϼɽЩнĸǵԲպԲλʦһЩֻǵЩСУܵʲô̼һһ·һ仰Ҳ˵һһԴϻð亹
Щƽի𣬳֮УȻЩΪʵսľ٣ǻΪéɽΪ˴ȭģʵȻɱѪ֮⣬ûκλأҪôҪ˱˵ҪôҪǿʳѣĽ
һ˴ҴҶ£Ʒ֮ǰһξ룬һ·֮ϣľʬ壬һصˣкˮʥ̵ˣǸĻЩéɽʿЩéɽĵܶ඼ǱǹԴǶƷǿĻǰΪԵЩ԰ޱȣΪߵһĲΡ
ЩУ·ʬ壬һֱСŰӷ𣬻ŷ𾭣Щ顣


2254 Ǳ
ȥĳЩéɽʿʬʱ򣬷ҲкܶѪҪô˾綾ҪôǱʲôĹｫǸɵˣóΪ񶾵ֶΣǶûˣʲôأ
һ·ɱɽ·ʮӱ㵽ˣһ·ʬҲȥΪ̫ˣµЬӶͨ죬մȾȫѪվһЩĵطéɽСķȥʱ򣬶ʱҵıһƬ纮£ͻȻ˱һĸܡ
Ϊ˿̵éɽС̹ĴǲԫϱڣéɽС˸ˣӦһͷ֮ǰ飬Ȼյ߰˰ˣЩӷȼգֻǻȻʮ΢
ԭԴéɽСͻȻģеһж֮һ棬ЩЩԽܡ
ЩԭӦ뵽ģǵۿʱĻָ̿Уһ˲ʹﵽ˶㡣
éɽСûˣҸĸ׻ûлţ
һ뵽ҵӲ΢΢
֡衭ӲТһ
Сţģһллأȥɣ鲢ûô⡣οҵ
һͷһɫȻҲоôֹۡ
СŸ硭ġɶչҲңȴ֪ôο˵һûм˵ԼҲûе
վ˺һҳһ˵߰ɣȥơ
˵ţһ˱㱼ɽ£éɽСķȥéɽСʱСȺܿƮǰ棬̽·ǰ浽ûʲô
ɽ;Уһֱ룬Ҹĸڣһж˵ûˣ꣬һһصĵףһɱһҪ˶ңʬΣ
һŹ
գۼĹǱéɽСڴŨѪζѬ۾Ǻʬ壬Ȼ֮ǰӦøովһսսνǲҲ̶ãéɽ˻һصˣǺˮʥ̵кüپߣʲôѪɺӣˡ
éɽСоסĶéɽ֮Щߵļ඼һЩͨˣУ޸֮ˣһéɽɽŴ󱻹ƣطЩéɽʿĵطȻҪͶĸڴˣڻС֮е˳롣
ԣŻǰʬɽѪľ
һ˻ʬȺéɽСȥ̫ˣܶǹ״ܲң֮ǰ϶Ƿǳ𾪵ģ֮ϣԼ׳ɵĹǲûģǰЩȴһزɱ飬ܶһӵĵֶζûüʩչ׷׵Ѫ֮УĿ
Щп״޲˷𾭣Щԩ顣
éɽСпٵĴУֱҸĸסǸطȥȻһ·֮ϣԾǿ˲ʬ壬С֮УµĲߵߣҲ˺ܶéɽСеľ񣬵Ѫ֮С
һλһҰסĵطҽ˵ҪŮңŮéɽ֮ϣһλУλ˴˿Ҳˣϱ˿˺ü۾ɵĺܴ
˶Źοһ޸֮ͨˡ
ЩʬҸȥ̫ˣԽԽʹĵۡ
֮һҰסǸСԺ֮УԺӵΧǽѾƵˣסķҲһƬҽԺźüʬ壬һЩʬ壬ҵٴæǰ鿴ȵ֮󣬲ŷֵԺǼλéɽĵͼһصĺˡ
ǲҵĸĸ
ֳ￴һۣĶȫոɾˣﾹȻҲкüʬ壬ѾȫսˣںһƬֲŮ˭ˡ
һ⼸սʬ壬Ҿ;ӡˡһ죬Ҫըһһ͵˵ϡ
СŸ硭ͦסһæǰһһסҵӡ
󣬵ּæݣʼ鿴Щսʬ壬һǼ˲˳ɫһһıʹ
СšЩʬҿˡյ̫ˣǧ룬пܲӡ
ʬҶˣ˵Щʲôá
ҲϣǣܹҰס˻˭
˿̵ıʹѾᣬֻзŭ޾ŭһĸ첲˫һǰҧгݵ˵֡衭ТҺǣһǱģ


2255 ·һЩ
˵գҳŵķصĿͷȻ𣬽˳˵ֻҪһصͺˮʥ̵ˣ͸Ūɱ֮ǵĻҲҪСȸˣҪЩ˸صĴۣó
İɣСŸ磬ʹ㲻˵һҲôһҪһصնɱȫҲһ뿪ǿ˵
ʱǰһʵСţЩ˵УéɽȽϤһصܵѾǽɱɾˣȴûпʲô̫ĸ֣ӦýҪéɽȽҪʮԹƵĵط֪éɽҪĵطʲôλã˵άéɽ츣صۣǧţ츣֮п϶һάֶ츣صϢڡ
ҸղűŭͷԣĻңǰɽǻɽһʮʮصڣάéɽĶ츣أʹԣɢ⴦۵ʲôطأ
Ҳéɽˣôܵ飬ֻéɽϼϵ˲п֪éɽطܶΣéɽĹʮ˽ˣµһأΪԣһڣһǵڰ˶졣оŷ塢ʮȪʮʮ˳أСܶػأȪʥ岼ʮָӣһ㣬éɽľŷ֮ϣÿһɽ嶼һéɽϰأÿһɽܶкܶ෨ãΪԷһéɽɽŴ󱻹ˣŷ֮ҲһԽĺ蹵ÿһڶиأֵط˵ײý룬ЩطǱȽ۵ڣ㲻ʲôҪŷ֮Ӧòάéɽ츣ص۴ڡ
ǵʲôطأ
ҳƬ̣Լҵ˼ʹľϸéɽһУܿҵԺ뵽һط
԰еɴڵĵط϶éɽΪҪڡ
ߵǷ켫ĴڣҪصĵطȻ쳣ҪͱϴɽǸˣһɣص֮󣬱άɽ츣صڡ
éɽǸɴڵĵطҽֻȥһΣǺüǰҢ˴ȥڤ֮ߵǸ磬ˣ϶ˡ
һ뵽ұЩ˵֪éɽҪĵطˣڶ츣صĺɽһʮεڣһɣһ
˶һ㶣
éɽȻеĴôڣƶɮ֮ǰû˵éɽеɵĻéɽ϶ᱻ𣬵ǵߵռĿ꣬ƾǰչҲõԼʵԲʦ
û˵ûУܶඥŶҪԼʵģǵƣɽ֮ǰҲ֪иɣ˭֪Ĵڡ
ˣǾȷĿ꣬ȥéɽĺɽƣһҪͳһϣ򲻿жȡһֲС֪·Ͼʹǹȥɡɵϵ
ӦһŽ߳Ժӣҵſڵʱһͷһۣв뵽֡裬ɱһصЩˣٴǻϼҰᣬֻίˣɱɾҾһȥǣ·һЩȵҡ
һ֮ұ˿첽뿪ԺӣһתͷɲǣҵҲֹסһ
һɫҴңéɽĺɽķ첽ȥո뿪СûãͻȻƮҵߣЩŵ˵СŸ硭Ҹоǰˡ
˽Ųһ٣æ뿪˴·
һһ߼첽С
ǰ˲ӣǾǹաͣǹԽԽѾܽˡ
ҳ˻˻֣ʾҲҪǰˣһ׼͵Ϯ
ʱǰĴ·ͻȻײײܹʿÿһ˵϶Ѫ߰ߣʮǱ
ҶһʱǰһǰһʿʮϤéɽɽŴĳˣ˿ȥ˺صӣ·ײײǰС
ӵߴ˹
ܿ죬˴ǲĵط˹ȥԶŶʮˣ߰˸жŻǺˮʥ̵ˣȺ˵УƤ׵ĹͷЩһصܶܳʹ
ǰϵˣҲ·һ˳һصұ֤㲻һͷʥʹЦ˵


2256 һͽ
һصĹƶҲǵ߹ĴȥɡҪΪéɽéɽ־éɽ֮ϵÿһӶéɽľ棡Ⱥ˱һصͺˮʥ̵Щ׷ʮǱ
ˮʥ̵Щһ׷һ߳Ǳ߿ǹǺϷˣ˵ˣӵ˵ϣȫǵĽűߣһ߳ǱкӵһߵݵĴЦţͺһè׽Ϸ
һײײΪǱһ˿ƶ˺ص˵ӡ
ܿ죬һصͺˮʥ̵˾׷طһ֣ʾ׼ãϾҪˡ
˿̣ȫס˺һصͺˮʥ̵ЩԶĳƽҺܿ缸Ȼ˼ƣԸƤ׵һصܶļһ˸Ŀ꣬ҪȽǼŻĻ궷ȸɵ˵
Ȼ缸̫η壬䲻һǹϣҲǹܵġ
գۼĹЩ˾ͽǵİΧȦ֮ڣҺܿͳͷʹ˽һΣͬèһ㣬գۼĹ͵˵ߡ
ͷʹΪܲҽҪǵߵʱǺܿͷӦ˹һ٣תͷҿ˹ʱһ
϶룬үģôͻȻһˣǹ
ǷӦһ̣еľŶ˻ͭͬʱк˹ֻǻû׼ãӦ˰ģҵ˫Ѿǵؿڴ˹ȥ˵ĵֻǸոջӳҵ˫Ѿǵؿڡ
顱죬ͷʥʹ㱻Ҵ˳ȥ
֮ǰЩһصܶʥʹ֣֪ǵ֮Ϊһһ֮⣬ϴǺƤףеķƲƤ׵ķ׵Ļҵƣɽţܸ֮һˡ
ҽʥʹɳȥͬʱչһǺܿҲԾȻһصЩͨںЩŻļһ˵Щ˾ǵجΣǧһһɮϣǺɮһӦûУ̱ԵڵأðһŴ̱ǵỊ̇Ȼһ̯ŧѪ
ʣµЩˣǸĹ򣬲ǹĻŷģȫЩɱ˸⡣
ͷʥʹ׷״ӵһ㳯Щ˳ɱ˹ܶʥʹΪ߸ϣʶ˭붼û룬ֱᵶϣղţһ˸һƣѾǴˣǵǻѪ
ǿǰҺһֱһɱС
չŻ𾫳ɫķʱһɫĻ籡һʥʹȼˣһл죬ԱһʥʹҲһﱻյ۴УûеȥʱǧȻ˹ȥֱٵ˵֮УţνʥʹҲ׷׵˵ϡ
ȻϨ֮ʱǧƲŷ˳һ֮С
һӵʱ䣬׷ɱ˵һȫˣֵܼϵĿ
ȻʱǿͻȻһĵʿ˹СŸ磬ﻹһڣéɽˣûɱ֪ǲץéɽķ²
ǸʿҿЩ죬˿̱ǿź󲱾ʧ˵𡭡ɱҡǧɱңǱһصЮֵġ
ǲ˵ĵӣҺ㡣ʵ
ǡ˵ĵӵͨǰһ͹ɽү飬ǧҪɱҡǵʿ
СѡǧҪĹСӾһͽһص˴ģ
˵ţ˴żһȳһյĳ˹һŭɶ
Ѻסˣһͷһ۵ͨȻת˵ķȥ
ʱ˻Ѫ߰ߣһҲòߵļҲˡ
һʱˣæӭȥеˣˣ
ùңȰɱ˵ͨͽһصˣ͵͵éɽɽŴ֮Уéɽ˺ƽ٣ǧҶޣҧгݵ˵
ʦҵ°һص˻׽ң˵ҲǸҪɱңҲûа취ǵͨһ˵
ΪͺéɽôˣƶһҪɱ㣬ҶԲéɽڰ


2257 նһ
˵ţ˱ѿλӵĲ˱㳯˹Ҫéɽͽͨ
˵ʵͨ׿ڳһص˹éɽɱô֮Ҳ޲ýʬΣͽʹ޵ġ
ۿ˳ɲ֪ʲôʱߵҵһ࣬Ȼ䣬ߵߵʱͻȻԤ׵ĳһҵĲӾͿ˹
ҶһûУȫǷɵ״̬û뵽˻ͻȻ֡
һ̣ҿ϶Ҫˣͷֻһ֮䡣
Ϊ㼶ĳϣֶο϶ȥͻȻ֮ıҲ׼ȫɣ޽䱸֮£϶·һ
ȻһֵɲǣͻȻһ˫ֳ˹ܴ󣬽ҸƷ˳ȥ
صһɲǼ䣬һҺߡ
Щֵǵľ֮
ҹڵ֮æֵȥһֱӿɵϣӲĽһֱ۸նѪ
˲ڶһǧͻȻٵķɳ˶ȥ
һе֣æسɴֶΣƮʮ׿⣬ͬʱһǹ˷Ҳ֪ЩͻȻðġ
ǹһɲǼ䣬ֻоһľæ𣬳˵ķ׷˹ȥӵϵĴ˹ֻٰ˲ֶҶֻӵ̫ܼһЩҲҴ⣬æһôӵĴмɣŵԴð
ҳǱ߿ȥʱ򣬷վʮ׵ĵطһЦĳҿʱﻹһ˵ӣֱеĳڲͣĵѪ
Ѫɵġ
ȥүģôҲû뵽˲ôͽ
һ˲䣬еŭһεıȼˡ
˲ȥϷǰϹôһˣݵ񰡣һûп
ʵϸһ룬ҲǵͨǼһéɽһûǸӣػɽŴ˲ֻһˣнˣ춯ػéɽ˿϶éɽɽŴ֮أɶϷǣһȫЩػɽŴҲɵӣҲϹһ˺
ԣֻһпܽһصͺˮʥ̵˸ŽǱػɽŴĳˣػéɽɽŴ󣬶ɽŵĿžԵãֻҪһ仰ЩػéɽɽŴҲ
ֻЩҲֻ¶֮뵽ġ
ڴ֮ǰΣҲܹɥĲ񣬴治顣
ӵܼɨ֮£ҸҶֺ˵һұ㵹Ѫ֮С
˼ȻݳϷ룬϶׼֪ǵéɽǽéɽСʱȫ֪
̫ˡ
ľһæͷǱ߿ȥͻȻôӵ˶û̫ķҿϼɽЩֵʮˣҿӵһ˲䣬нϽ𲧸˳˶Уûɸ
ֻҳǿȥʱ򣬷ɵһֱ۸ղű˸ӲնչǹѪ߰ߣҲܵһЩˡ
һĻѾ˺޵Ҫ̻
ղ֮ߵҵߣ϶Ǿ˵쳣֮Ҳȷȴʱ̷ˡ
Ȼ·ߵʱ򣬺ɨһɲҵһѾԴˡ
βǴˣݵ̫ˣʼգǶû뵽һéɽĳϾȻҹȻéɽ
ҲôӵͣĴۿžҪɸӡ
УܼȥҪ취ȸɵЩǹļһС
һ뵽æкСȣͬʱų˶ʦ֣кһЩǹɱȥ
СȺͶʦָոձȥûãԶ˼ҽУƬ̣ұһ죬ͷȥʱ򣬵ĹƳӺڰ˳
ղǧȥ׷ˣûе֣Ҳ֪˵׵õʲôӣǧƸ˳ȥǧƲûţֽܿĿ궨׼Щǹˣǧƿ϶ǵˣܼǹϡ˲٣һйƳõ֤


2258 éɽ
СȺͶʦֺּܿ˽ȥ˺ڰ֮УЩϳ߿ǹĵطʱһɹ˾ʧĴ֮ǹȻֹǺڰ֮ðһŻ⣬϶˱ʦϵȼˡ
СŸ硭ǿЩŵĳߴһ
Ƭ̣ǹֹͣȻٴζٰ˲ֶΣǻмķϵԱߣһڣҸ˽ȥ
һǷ֮Уұ㿴ɫҰף죬˿ڴѾոˣǼɵ˿ڴ˲ѦС߸ֹѪҩɵϱۣ򱻰չ
չҲˣؿڵλá
Բסˡûпͽε˵
ֵܡĻͲ˵ˣղšҲûпͽֻǾЩԾǸղǸҲ˵ߵһ࣬û뵽˻Ķ֣Ķ̫ˡûл˵
ϹˣȻͽ۵Ϸд˿˵ܣܿ˼ŲѪĵҩЩҪǺҶλүӸƵģһֱûù˿̱
ˡǽéɽһһȫƤӵ¡̷˵ҩ֮ɫ΢һЩ
һͷһˣæֵ˭ˣ
СŸ硭Բʦ²ˡǿ˵
æԲʦߣϸһۣԲʦؿ˺üӵѪӿһһϣѪӿ˳
ԲʦܡҪͦסԲʦսֵ
ƶɮߡһҪȥ֡ˡʦ֡ĪҪԲʦ˵ͻȻһͷûϢ
ղԲʦ˿ҿˣӵ˼θѦС϶ҲǾȲˡ
СŸ硭ղԲʦͻȻҺյǰ棬һǿʹ˵
ǿļҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Բʦȴ̾Ϣһ˫ֺʮ˵νҲ˭һʤ߼ԲʦߵĵҲѣ϶ġ
̧ͷһĵطɢʮϼɽЩеʬ壬ԭʮˣΪֹͻʣ˲ʮ˵ӣԲʦҲе
Ӧһ仰ΪٸߣһǹŵǽΪʲôĵĽֹûԭһﶼûǻʲô
ҳһӵվͷֿ˰չһۣؿڴѪ߰ߣչƣ
û¶ղûһǹ˵ţչؿڴһĨָгһӵ˵ϣ˵ӵڹͷˣһС
ˣչСӻô̹ȻղӵҪǴƫһСûˡ
˵ŻʱܵǹͻȻȫǧƺСȣԼʦȫӺڰ˳߶ٴηųһȱڣǸһһ˽
ϻҪάţ˭֪ûŵľѻ֡
ʵ̫ˣݼľԿԵӰۡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˺ܶˣжʮһصܶĹͷʹʮɮ⻹ʮ۵éɽʿΪ׵ıéɽɽŻˡ
һѴѪı˹΢΢ЦּˣЩûéɽˡ
ҿˣĿѣŭϣҧݵ˵ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪéɽ
˲ĵЦΪʲô⻰ʵĺ˼ΪʲôéɽֱǸЦΪҴéɽˣΪʲô˵Ǳأ
㡭⻰ʲô˼Ϊéɽɽųϣéɽ˼ʮ꣬ôܲéɽأɻ
ܼ򵥰Ϊһʼұһصܶ滤ͽܣںСʱ򣬱Ѿ£֮һֱéɽţǹһԵװˣΪ˽ʱգ׽éɽһٲƽéɽһصĵˣЩĴЦ
éɽ˼ʮ꣬˼ʮĵطѵûһܹۿЩ㳯Ϧദ˵ߣԲʦЩʵ
һصĴҵȣһ˸ʲôҪ˵ͶҲʦĶҪ˼ҵǣҺ͸ͱˣֵ


2259 ˽
˵ЩҸоһɶ񺮱һصǲ˶ôһ֣ӼʮǰǱéɽԵףʱéɽʱ򣬹Ҳʮӣĸǧַү
Ҳ˵ڼʮǰһصҪéɽʱյĻǲûɢȥֻǱһصռһѰܹðսʬĶ¯һ߼ƻһӴޱȵļƻǵļƻ򵥶ͬʱԶϽҪһصֱ¶У˱ǱéɽһԵףéɽһصƻһ֡
ôĿľӪһصҸȼȼջĴء
éɽµ֮ףһéɽĸµķŷɥһЩСɸù̱᳼һصС
µ֮׵éɽˣ£ĸܹܵסһصŭ
ԣéɽǱҪģ˲éɽ֮رֽţں֮ǰ㲼һ壬һһܴ塣
Եéɽ˼ʮдɣջéɽɽųϣ൱ڰéɽһʱըֱʱգըȼˣéɽĽһ֮Σ
ЩͷһζʱһֻȻ֮С
һصĿֲ֮ϸ˼֣ƻ꣬Ӵƻ˿϶һǺĴڡ
˺һҲſˣͻȻ;òôˣ⼸ʮҲڲӪں˼ʮ꣬һ¶꣬һͷӣӦĵһ죬Ϊһڿóһص˺ХéɽѪɺӣ
ô˵ǧַүҲһˣҿ˵
һֱҶǧַүҵ֮ͷ壬ܹоǧַүҵѣݶҲǼٵģҾ治֪˭ˣѵôααΪ档
ʳ⻰ʱҡҡͷɫͻȻһ䣬˵ϣҸ֮⣬õıҵʦǲҵĸ˻ˮģϣҲôһˣҪΪİΣ룬뵱Һ͸˵éɽµʱʵҲǾ֮Ըһéɽѧգṳ̂éɽΪҸ̫£éɽľˣéɽ˲飬ʱ֣ᷴңҲϣֵ֮䷴Ŀɳ𣡡
ǧַүھͲ㷴ĿɳˣɥΪŰ飬ǧַү֪ˣ϶ҲҪףô˵Ҳéɽ֮ϴ˼ʮ꣬éɽ˵дһı£éɽ𣿡ŭ
Ҳ˲Ҹˣֻ֪ҪʦǣҺҸѾͷʦҲǾ֮ʵҵéɽʱ򣬱ǴɽֶΣҲǾѣҪȻƾéɽôܻҽéɽéɽͽһϽûʲôʣǿ϶ǲյġéɽͬΪıǵҵ·͸˺޺޵˵
ҷѾִ̫ô˵ˣҲѹֵ̫ãԸҲʼŤЩ񾭷ˣҪéɽҪéɽ̤Ϊƽأéɽ֮䣬һ˽ᣬѾûʲô˵ˣȻˣ֮Ҫֳһ첻
һýָˣʵǲǴһéɽĶ츣أ֪ˣ
ǵһһҵ֮С
ǾסéɽСеˣ޴ƽͨ˺ͺӣΪʲôҲҪ֣ʵ
࣬ı죬ҲǸ羡նݳĵӦñҶݵ˵
ҵĸĸǲҲɱˣЩŵʵ
ѾҸĸסǸСԺѾһѻҽһǷ֮бյĿȫǵʬ壬һǱһ˿˿ϣرҪ˵Ŀеõһ񶨵Ĵ𰸣˵ҸĸûֻˡҲ֪ʲô
ǵ˵ʱͻȻֿЦˣЦʮɭٺЦϵΪĸĸéɽȻǶĸĸƶôᵡǣҽéɽĴſȫŽʱұһ˳éɽС򣬽Щ˶ɱˡѵûп㸸ĸʬ壬Ѿճ˽̿


2260 Ǹ

˿˵ⷬѾҳ׵ļŭˣޱ޾ʹ೯ӿҷĴһ䡣
ҵĸĸǱɱˣɱҸĸ֮˾ǰ˴һصĹɱéɽС֮УǽСе˶ɱˣҵĸĸճ˽̣̿һΣûκο־壬ûκεĵĺͷҾֻһĿģǽǰĵ˸ʬΡ
ҷ˷һ˻ķϣһ˲㵽˵Ľǰ귢˾޴֮صĳ˵ȥ
ܹéɽɽŻȻҲһΪҪɵĻࡣ
һɫһ࣬û㣬еĽһ¼סҵĽꡣ
ཻһƺһһĺɫ䣬û뵽ЩʱգҵΪȻ˿ֲĵز
ٴὣ˹ȥʱЩéɽţ඼ĵӣһϡ
һЩϤ֮ԵҲһкʦֵܳɱһŵ˵ƶȰϽͶéɽѾһصνĵֿûκ壬Ͷһصʦʦү˵û֤ǣһصһϯ֮ء
Ͷŭһ֮϶ʱһɫĹ˵ؿڴ˹ȥŵɫ䣬æһԶѾˣǵɫĹ͸˵ţ˵Ǹ˵ϣȻûдؿڣȴ۰ֱ˺ķ顣
ǼһҺһ˵ϣʹİ
˵ЩͽܣҲţҳ˺׷¶˾֮ɫ˾վǲҲϣһεĳɱ
Щ˵ҵΪѾֹĵز˺ϴ辭ɵκһ˻߽ʬΪɱǡ
Щɱ˵ͽܣȫģ֣磬գۼĹɱһѪ·ֱ˶ȥ
˾վҵǰ棬ֳַЦڲҽµЩҲʮ꣬Ӽʮͽܣһ⣬ɱĶǸʲôɵһ
ղǸû㾦ļѪģˣ˿Ѿ˵ߣһ˫Ѫ֣ץס˵ĽףпధʦҰۡȾҰ
ðʦ㣬ܿͲˡ
˵ţ˷һţͽܵԴһţáǲһ죬ͽܵĲֱӱ߶ˣѪӿƬ֮ûϢ
ޣԼͽܶɱ
ղ˵ˣ࣬ı죬éɽ֮ǲܴǻܶģǵΪ̫ˣߣһصܶҲǣɱ˱ãƶҪԶ֣ϾʦͽһһЩ²ȥ֣ЩЦ
ӡһǸӣҴûмô֮ˣԼ̵ͽܣٵҲʮ꣬صĸéɽãͷֱӽЩͽܸˣǰͲͽܱɱ˲źãڵóԸˡ
éɽƷŵҲͽܣͬػéɽɽŴġɵİɣҳʵ
ңҸɵġȻƶͽܣȴϸһ·治ТͽǺãֻýȫɱˣƷ棬ĵӿǱҵ³ЦЦɲ
㣬㶼·һʲô𣿡ҧ
Уңƶɱǣңͻ𡣡Ц
ĺܲңҵ
ð˭һұͷ׸ʦ˼ơٴξ˽ֱҡ
Ҹ˵ͬʱҵѾɱĲɿһȫϽάֵķϣֻǶһֱ۵棬⻹һչСУˣȫɱ˳Щͷʥʹͺˮʥ̵ĺɮ
ʦֺǧҲ˳ȥܣƳ಻
˴ǵˣԶϣǹͷʥʹǶʮΪƾЩʵԽɱɾ
ˡ


2261 δ֮
ղһνȫɱĻᣬԵһϷϷǸǿģΪ˲ȡǵΣһصЩ׷ɱһĻװ˵ӣҶŲɣΪǵɽˮĵزһصЩڸ翹
ϷĿľЩ˷ɽ䱸óû֣Щ˸һˡ
ľͲôһЩ˾ҪȫûҪһ˿ɣǵһԴˡ
һΣһҶ˸ı˺ܶ࿴Ļ֮оϾҪԽԬˣա塢ĺ̵Ŀ˵˷ָ
ܹһͬ˼ʮ֣ͬܶ˼ʮͽ¶֣޹˺ͺ¶֣ʦ棬Ҿ徵顣
ǸǹЦݵȥˣÿһֻҪǶҹػ꺮ůȻʺһ˿⣬Ҳܹ̹Ȼܣζܲˣǰݶħһˡ
ʵһʼҾͷЩ̫ԾӿĵһҾ;ø׽һֱ㲻Ϊʲô˻ָоˣԭһֱϷκ˶ٵЦݣĺѹ֣ӽéɽһһֱαĻš
ʱգ̻¶Լıԣѹ˼ʮڱ˳¶˲̵צ֣ýյéɽһƬȷѪ֮С
죬ҾҪ֣Խħ
еĽٴαҾһ˸â
ҲеĽ˿˿ǽҲһ졣
ǰ˵Ϊܲûеôһֱɼéɽз֮⣬϶ҲһЩֶΣǲͷǲéɽ̼ʮġ
ʵһ͸ɱģéɽµƬص֮УҾ͸ýֻ̫ˣû뵽ߵزΪһصһ޴İʯʱƶɱ練ƣֻǵéɽص׷Բûжʹɱ֣һ룬δЩòʧɱġ˵
Ļһһ˼ɻص˺üǰʱСȸոñ˰ûжãҰҢ˵ķԸСéɽԶһƬصУСɷصеܹӵв˵СȸոķҲкܴȶá
ʱƬص֮УҺСصĺˣǰһ¯רǷصܵĹ»ҰĻǣֱڣҲ֪ǸǸʲô
ʱҺСȴ֣ȴҲ֪ΪΣͻȻܵˡ
Ҳ඼ѾȴˣҲףԭ˺һˡ
Ƭص㣿Ҿ
ңƶûɱ㣬ںڵĳӶˣȴҪôɱ㣬Ҳ࣬һǻҵС˺ٺЦ
˵˭ôĵӸéɽЩаֶΣԭЩֶε˾éɽˡ
û뵽
˻ҽһδ֮ա
׼ĲˣеĽһΣֱ˳ɱ˹ȥ
һֻ̽ų֣Ҫ˵жôߵΪֻһЩֶͨΣ⽣ҲǴéɽԪȭĽУҲԳ֮ΪéɽԪԽѽײһ𣬷죬⽣ǶôéɽΪĽҲӵǧĽһڻͨɹأһмǿɱ
õ⽣Ҳõ⽣⽣ҪϤĶ࣬Ͼéɽ֮˼ʮˣһѹһͷ⽣Ҫҳ࣬кܶļ⣬ӹеͬʱҷΪһ񣬱ϾҲôֵΪ
ڸоΪߵ֮͵һ¸ı˽Уֱ콣˷˿籩һĹ
ͬʱҲ߶˲ľ֮õϵĻĲٵϲƶȥ
ֶ˶ʱܵ˾޴ѹĽдĲˣЩĲҲ಻ԡ
콣ʮ֮һл㾦˵ؿڴ˳ȥ
˶޿ɶ㣬µٴβƶֻýؿڣһɫĹôĽϣ˴һ˳ȥ


2262 ͷ
˱һ˳ȥס˫ȵĻĲһе֣ǰһ˵˱ҵɳȥ֮ɫ࣬ȻҲЩˣ뵳һɭɭ˲ϵЩĲ֮ϣֻ˲ĹܵЩĲήȥ
˷еĽص˵Ĳӿ˹ȥôľ룬˿϶ӲˣȻû뵽ǣͻȻһĴߺХҵһҲһѿ쵶ҿ˹
ЩͷʥʹõľŶ˿ͭδͭһ߼лʱâڱ֮С
ЩͷʥʹһΪĸߣȸϵΪȻиһ˵ҵԴ϶ҲҪͷʥʹն
£æ߶ٰ˲һ߰ףһ˲ĹͷʥʹѾ˴ӵϲ
ȷ棬û¶ɣһͷʹͿĸ˵
Ҵǧַү֪˳֮ǰ䣬ֵһģ˵ĴŽéɽһƽ˸ŵʱ򣬱ȡеһ֣ͽˣéɽֻҪǳϼϵĸֶǡֱ֡
ͷʥʹƺΪȷ棬Ҳ֪һصܶʲô𣬲Щͷʥʹ̬ϣԿһصеĵλͣϾͽܣһصܶĻ˵ǽڰ֮µĴڡ
ˣɫĺܵγˮĶҵû뵽⼸ΪȻ˵زһʦ˵ںҶȵʱʮжȥûãôܻôǿ
û뵽Ļܶ࣬ȥ㣡˵ţγصһһľͳɱȥ
ûжߵͷʥʹסһɫĽĻһתٴγɱ
Щͷʥʹ϶źڹǣʵһͷ۵飬֮ǰǽ֣ҲЩִ磬˳ҳɱ̱˽꣬ӭȥ
ӭȥͬʱҼʩչԦľŻĲǲƶȥܹһжŻǵٶȣٰ˲ԼǵߣԸͷʹ
ȻվһԵƺͿҵ뷨еĳһΣбﳯɱƵҲòܿâ
һͷʥʹҪ͹һ͵Ϯ˵Ϊͣһʱ仹Щæҡ
ҪĻˣеĳϮˣ֮䣬ƺҪסˣĽɨĵطк˪ɡ
ֶΣǵ洫
һ߸ǲһˣܿ㷢ԼȻ˵սȦ֮С
СһڸЩͷʥʹͺɮһƬȣЩɮ˵ҪǽʮͷʥʹΪѲģƵǸԷų˴УнǼùеʶ˳չų˾βĲл֮⣬ǶһǽϹ̸˳ǿϣһ㣬һһأ˳ǿս
ˣҲǿȶסս֡
Ҫǵʱ򣬿϶ıҪǿ౸һʧĽȫ
˻ǵ͹ǵֶΣЩ˲ûеô
һ˵սȦмʱͻȻϺɵڵϵʬ壬֮ǰɱһصˣЩϼĺеʬ壬кüʮߣһЩʬ壬ͻȻͷЩʬ岻ʵЩ˷ˡ
Ҳٸ˺׷ɱҵĹͷʥʹԿһ߶ٰ˲ֶζһ߽éɽ˳߶éɽ壬ŵϵʬȫ
ȻҴ߶éɽʱɶ׷ᣬٰ˲سɴ磬ÿһŵĵطʮ׼ҵٰ˲Ѿ¯࣬õ£˿ѷɫسɴֶΣҵΪҪˣȻܹҵŵ㣬ٶȲûҿ죬سɴʺϳӶݣŲٰ˲ࡣ
ڲϵ֮£ܿϵЩʬܵéɽǣȫ˲ͳë


2263 궦
ʮʬ壬éɽǣ֮£ܿȫ˵мߵëʬ˵ëʬɱǿȻЩƤ׵Ĺͷʹһ𣬸ɵһͷʹûġ
ҴĿһۣͦʬëʬʮߣéɽǣ֮£󲿷ֶȥһǣľëʬҲסԸҵĹͷʹ
߱Щֵľ棬Щëʬĳ֣ܿ͸ı˸֣ܿвҽ˹ùıЩɮһ˱ë˵ڵأſھҧж˿飬Ҳ̶á
ЩͷڿЩëʬ֮ҲԵΪԾ
ǵƤǵǹ룬Щëʬǵǹ롣
ЩëʬһɱΧ֮УһǱߵܿ㻺˺ܶ࣬Щͷֱɵ˼ЩǱǧƸ˹ƣӱĹƳ棬ЩŵĹͷʹ˹ȥǱӹҧУ˶Ҳġ
߹ľëʬһӭǰλͷ⣬λͷʹ֮࣬æеľŶ˿ͭëʬкëʬϵʱ򣬷һƵ죬ܽëʬΡ
ҳëʬǸסʱ򣬷ǰƣֱӽһͷʹķ˳Ҳëʬסʱ˲ߣ˵ֶεһһëʬȥëʬ϶ʱһ㺮ëʬΪ֮һ˴ɫķëʬ˹ȥ
ɫķȼʱëʬʱ˳ȥð˴ʬڵϣܿͱһͨʬ塣
éɽڿƸֽʬֶǿҲѧ˲éɽֶΣܹٵĽʬƷҲʲôѵ顣
ëʬĳ֣ѾתһߵľƣЩԸǵĺɮһĵ˵ϣƤ׵ĹͷʹҲ߰˸
ֵǿëʬ֣ǿ϶ץס˻ᣬסЩһԲκδϢĻᡣ
˽ëʬ׷׷ŵʱҲղͷŷڵأƴˣȻȥһǵԴϣֱҪǵ
˿棬֪ǴȥЩģһеĽٴγ˹һΣ˼еǰѽʱâÿһˣֻٰ˲ٵĶһϵǵһôϣǴ̱֮˴ССıʵЩֲ
ʱҲЩˣŭһٴδ߶ǲľ֮ŻĲȻ콣ʽַ˴˹ȥҵΪͻͽ۵̣Ҳˣ۱ҾԶʤʮֹʩչǻʽһ籡һĺϯȥ
񣬺ױ߽ĵ˪Ȼײ˵ϡ
˷һҺߣԵڵأڣط
׼ǰʱϵĳһͻȻڳһŨĹӭ泯˹
Ǽһ㣬˲ɢ
˲佫һƣХЩֱӾͳȥȻ䣬ұоһͷۻתԶڵϵ˵ӰӿʼƮ첻
Ҹоҵܵȷе˵˺ʹ
ʱͻȻ˻ӣӵʱ˻յһƬð̣ҷкһʲôЩһǶ¯֮вð˺ɫĹǺɫĹĹܣĲҽУֲŭ𣬻кܶ೯ײ˹
ҸоЩվȣҡҡλΣһĴʹ
Ҿôˣ
һݣһҧ⣬ʱΪ֮һٴγ˿ȥʱ򣬷Ѿٴǰѽ߻λƵ˹еǸ¯ԴԴϵðɭɭݶҪеĺâҪɭ
Ǹ¯˹ûɵҲһֲֿλƵĳź浹˵ȥһߵˣһʵ㡭õʲôô˿ֲ
ٺ١ªŵСӣһصǧʥ궦


2264 ҵţ
궦
ʲôǰôû
ʮֲֿϴ궦ڶʱһľʱΣķڶĸܵһǰδеս֮С
֮⣬һоԼ걻һĪе궦жȥΪУҲŻתͷؽᣬһ꽫ұĸоһҵı궦УСǱˡ
üǰ˱궦ڷصתƣɹ壬˵궦һصǧʥɼⶫĿֲ֮
ҵھҵҡΣͷؽᣬʮĶĵĸоǿң˱ʽյĻڣؼʱ̺궦һȻ˵Ҳᣬǲδ˼˿ǰѱ˹
궦еĹУĹ˿ȥȫŨĻĹҵ걻ԽԽʹԸӡ
Ž΢΢ҸоԼѾƲסԼˡ
궦һħҪǿΪΪ֧ţһֱҧסҵ̨ͱ궦֮ˡ
ʥ궦֮УҲˣΪƾҵֶΣܵˣɽɱû뵽ôѲһ궦ĻǸˣȻȥɱǼֵܣ
ЦţԽԽҵ߿ʼģоĳһֶϾҪʱͻȻһ˵СŸ硭Ҫס㡭
СȵģʱͻȻޱ޼ʵĺڰƿһ⣬ǹǺɫģһɫɷһڰ֮УǵɫĹâܿ컯һССӰվҵһ࣬Сȣأ˼۵޼ߵǬ֮壬Ϊý
СǼ־䶨Ũģ͸ĺڰ֮ٴδĹ֮һŵĺתųСϻ۶
Ҫˣ궦֮ɵǸֹǣǹеļƷСԼĹ֮Լӵء
ȻСȷ֮һŨĹʼСϾ£ٵıСȸɵˡ
СٶʱͻȻоұƺָһЩӻǲܶ
Զɫ䣬յĽڵʱ쳣ĹȻƶΪƶβ㣡
˵ţҲٵ˼д¯꣬죬תգ
ϣͻȻһָСһָе궦ͻȻųһ׹⣬ڰ֮ųһ׹⣬ΪҫۣͻȻһЪ˹ĲҽУӿٵĳ궦ķƶȥ
궦˼ãСȱһ궦Ӧܹסġ
궦ԸСȵʱߵѹʱһգޱߵĺɫҲٵɢȥ
СŸ硭ҰСȳҴȵ
ȡҾһʲôûȥ룬˳һ֣㽫ǷʬߴǬ˱˳˲ٰ˲СȻûб궦֮ǰѾ˵ߣһ֣Ƿʬ߳е궦˹ȥ
ʬĵ궦ʱĩ˵Сҵ˸һ£궦Ĺʱһգɢǰ׹Ҳʱʧ
ͬʱ궦Ҳ÷ʬ߸һ˳ȥ
û궦ĿƣʱƮһξ롣
ҽ궦ķɳȥ֮˽һҲʧˣһͷٿʱѾڵϵ궦ݺݵĻͷһۣŪ㣬һܹŪ㣬ҵţ
˵գͻȻһɫһˣһһҪܣæķһ㾦ȻһһɫĹһգ˵ͻȻʧˡ
ղһɫķݷһ¾ˡ
ݷת˲￪⣬˭Ҳ֪ӵʲôط
Ҳݷéɽƽ˸ҵģһŷݷϡ棬Ͼéɽĳϣһŷݷеġ
˾ˣжʱһա


2265 û
Ȼ÷ݷˣ׷϶׷ˣֶ˽⣬ת˲￪⣬ֶθ֮ˣܹݷѡŵ;룬˿϶ãݷӶȫĿģӵģ޼Ѱ
ҿʧķзߺ޲ѣȴ޿κΡ
һҲŻعͷСǱ߿ȥվڲԶһֵ̿ģǱղе궦ŵĲᣬ˹ȥο£СŸڣ˲ģû˰ɣ
С̧ͷһۣ֮лûɢȥĿ־壬ҡҡͷ˵ûСûˣղŻǸ¯֮кܶĹǡλүүŵĶ¯ĺÿֲȲһͱǸ¯ɵˡ
û¶ġһжȥˡСȵԴ겻ѣղ궦ǲҪСȵҲЩмܣҪСȹļʱѾ궦˻ꡣ
Сһ¶ĽֵСŸ硭ǰүүȥҹҢүүǰܺúܺõģСҲܺãΪʲôͻȻͱӣСȲס
Ҳ֪ôСȽͣնϲ⣬о仰˵ĺã֪֪治֪ģܶʱ۾Ĳıʣģʲô£Զ޷Ħ
˾Ǹ˲õ˼ܣ黳ȣˣҸоҺֶһԬһµĶ֣Ҳòһ´ˡ
ҸС䣬תͷһǱ߿ʱ򣬷ǱߵսѾβǼʮëʬļ룬񣬾ЩƤ׵ĹͷʥʹҲһɷڵأʬ
ҴС˹ȥһܿŴѪǹǽӭСŸ磬ղҿˣһõķݷߵģǸô죿
ҳһ£˵Ǽéɽĺɽȥǵط磬һصĸӦþҾǿ϶Ҳߵķ򡣡
ţߡһ˵ţһ֣ǧƱ˹֮С
չȴżȲ鿴һ»ûû͸ģһлŵй¶ǵپͲˡ
СףҸһ𡣡ǿҲ
˵ţǱߵЩʬԱߣرһƤ׵ĹͷʹЩû͸Ǵ鷳
ǵĶܿ죬һƬʬܿҪʰɾˣͻȻһǰ𡭡ɱҡˡҲǱʦƵġ
Ǽ˻ͷȥչץסһѪĵӣҪ
ȶ֣
Ҵһæ첽ŰչǱ˹ȥ
СŸ硭СͣſڵװôãʦһɱˡչЩͷ˵
𡭡ɱҡҲǱƵģʦ˵ˣ˭Ҫǲ˳ɱȫƷ棬ʱһЩʦֵܷԣϱéɽıʦɱˣƷ棬ҡҵʱĺú¡ֻøʦˡ˾ֵ˵
ʱϸϸһۣؿڴѪȾһƬҶԸ˵ʱնɱЩͽܣɱǵʱ򣬸ûϸһ·ɨһ˴˵ĿڵλãƫһЩûд࣬Դ˲Ż
ҿؿڴ˼򵥵ĴסѪѪҺʧĲ̫࣬ҲͦСӵģȻһſڵôʱ䡣
˵Ҳпԭ˱éɽѵĺܳףһǶͽ֣ĸֲأ
ʾðչɿ֣չӦһ˵ͷ˼
Ҽ㣬ʲôţҿ˵
ҡҵŽе֮ǰүΣ֮ǰһֱػɽŴ󡭡ֵ̿
ģҲ֪ǱƵģéɽҲпԭҲɱ㣬ҪʵʵشҼ⣬˵һٻұ֤ĺܲҡյ
ġҡҲ˵ٻġֵ̿
㣬ǲʦ˴˽éɽС˶ɱģ
˵ͷǡʦһصȥɱģʦҲǲ롭ס̫Ϥˣ²ȥ֡һ˶ûɱ
ҵĸĸסéɽС֮Уǲʦɱģʵ
һ£˵ĸû
д󺧣һץסؿڣ˵ʲôҸĸû
ûС


2266 ĵ
ҸĸûϢ˶ޱȣ׷Χ
չЩʵǡǷﱻսʬô¶
ʬ岢Ǿүĸĸҵʦ֣ʱҪԾүĸĸ֣ͻȻڵĳҢ˴ŵͻȻˣʦָɱˣүĸĸ˳ȥʦΪйߣŽӸˣʱҢ˻ʦ֣ʦһصʥʹڣҢЩУ˺üͽܣžүĸĸˡ˵
һҹ֮䣬Ǵ󱯴ϲĻҲϲǰҿսʬʱ򣬼ֱ˼㣬ΪҵĸĸѾһص˸ɱˣûбκλ룬ӵе֪Ҹĸûбɱֱּ
̫ˡĸţȻҢ϶ʱʲôΣաһҲЩ˵
Ңȥʲôطٴʵ
Ң˿϶ȥ˹ڣǸطķʮܣѹƣʦ˵һصѾɳ˴ȥˣûбҾͲ֪ˡشҵ
ߣǲȥˣĵȥڣȷҸĸİȫ˵ġն˵
ʵéɽҪĿģǽҸĸȳȥģéɽȻҶأǸҵĸĸһǾҸĸȽҪ
˵ҲһͨˣûǰȻŸĸˣȥéɽ
éɽ֮ڻкܶĸڣӦòô츲𣬿һصҲɳ˺ܶȥڣȥڣҲΪ˵
˵˷׷׵ͷʾûʲô
Ǹ˵Ю֮£ȻҲ˲ٻ£һϢҲɱڴ˴ǡ
֮ǰⶣҷǸΪŰĲ
ϻ̳Ͽ֣˵ĲġԺԲٸˡ
һװҢڵĹڵķȥ
ղƴʱһֱǷ֮еһֱۣǱ˸նģѪѾֹס֮ǰҲѦλүƵĵҩָĲˣɫҲһЩֻǿǶϱ۴ģлʮΣһǰߣһ߶˵ԲסˣΪҲŶϵֱۣǷġ
Ƕֵܡ˵ʲôǷǷģ֮ǰҲȹҵֱ۶û¶ֻҪСھͺã鴦ˣǸϽغҶȣλүӸҽϡڽӶϱۣһĴҽԺԣ˵λүˣ¶ȫùϣʵڽӲϣҲǿķֿֿЦЦ
Խ㣬оԽζһ˵ģӲϣҾ취ŪһֻƤ֫³һֱ۳
ǸãҾ͸ˣҵĸ첲ȷһţȴ˵ҵļʾҿġ
éɽĹʵڵĵطǺԶڣ֪ڵܷܲȻȲɽŴľȴҲʮֲֿĴڣҢ˵֪éɽͽ϶ڵķ˲ãһһصҪҲһʮɵ顣
Ҳ˵׼пһص֮ҲʲôʮķִڣڻɽͺҶȲóֽ˸ķֶΣһһĸΪ
һ˿첽ŹڵķȥʱҳϼɽλпһۣԲʦ߾ͻʮˣԭʱƺƵʮˣЩӦϼɽȫˡ
˶룬ȥ˲֮ġ
ЩȻôˣȴûһ˸е־ȴֲò
һ˵Ľų̺ܿ죬˴Сʱң㵽˹ڵڣطܣأéɽʦŹȫڴ˴
һƬִվ˽Ųת˵ǹڵڣƬ֣һƬĹأȻǰһƬӲҵҢ˵סÿҪô˴·ҪôҢߵĹūӣҴûԼһ˽ȥ
һ紵ɳɳ죬Щ趯һɭ֮Уǰ˼ǰһȻһŵطȷкֲܿķ󣬲ЩطѾƻˡ


2267 ɱ
éɽڵķ󲻹ˣһЩǵʵ
ǲãֻƻһ֣ڵһص˵УӦҲжò÷ĸ֣˼ˡ˼˵
ܴܲǴڵķҵҢˣ϶ϼӷҢ˵ĹūҲ޷Ӧǡҵ
éɽķǧĹϴأԲӲóͼƽһ£ܲܽȥɡ˵ţ̸ֽ˳к˳ȥ
ûͻȻСƮǰСŸ磬ҾūЩ棬沼õķҺϤӦÿԴǽȥ
ҿСȣʱһǰСéɽһʱ䣬һֱڹڴţҢ˺͹ūһ
ūСȵĸ鼫ãⷨм߶ǱȻġ
̫ˣСǾͲ÷ѾƽˣֱСȸǴ·ͺˡչ˷ܵ
ʱҲСȣɫȻ˵´˿СҲ޷ǽȥ֮ǰǾ˵Ң˿϶Ҳ֪ڵķãҢéɽס˼ʮ꣬ڸطķÿ϶ʮ־ͨڱȻҲΣҢ˿϶Ң˶ӷڵķ󲼱Ȼ˼ĸĶôӵķãСܹǵסûб䶯£һǱȽСܹǽȥġ
˵Ĳ޵Ļ˶оǵͷһˮһ㡣
⡭զ죿չε
ż¹֮߶ҺСһ໥ϣҾûкܴİܹԽⷨġ
ʱȣҲȽϵҸĸİΣ±תϼɽЩɮԲʦڵķʮգҪȻŵڴ˴ǣû̫ĻǺܿܳˡϼɽĸɮʧأʵڲ뿴ʲôҪϼɽһЩĺá
ȻԲʦȴҡҡͷ˵ӷЩի֮ˣձŲ֪⽭նϲ⣬ȻϼɽʧأҵԹ޻ڣϼɽĵҲһ뾭֮󣬶ƶɮЩҲһ߾缫УʩͲҪȰˣߵãƶɮ͵Ҳߵãһ·ɡ
ԲʦһϯҵȻ𾴣·׷׵ͷһ仰Ҳû˵ɴǳ֮ȥ
ǰн˲ʱֻ죬ųʱҲ֪һ˷󣬶ʱߴ˺Х̧֮ͷȥĴ˵ӳߴ˹
һ㳡˶ǴһûзֱӽϽ𲧸˳˵ͷ֮ϣӴȫϽֵķ֮ϣ죬Ȼ޾һ㣬Ӳһֱϵĳߴ
ʱС͸Ͻ𲧣濴ȥЩŵ˵⡭ɱǰⷨǲģмλãôǰˣɱǰбǵģȴʲôûСôӡ
ˣҢ˶ⷨ˼ı䶯ǶûˣҪıҢˡ
ɽüͷ̣ϸһȻҡҡͷ˵éɽķ澫Ƿ޷ͨݣҪͼˡ
˵ţ̣ǰ滭һԲȦĬ
ʱǰһͼǰͼ֮Ͻâ˸Ʈϵָǰͼʲô
ԼӵĹ⾰ǰͼ˵һſһȱڣ̳ȥǿߵģں棬ȻȴҲֻһЩ񵶶õľǴϣ϶ˣߣԱֻܿ߰˲Ǳⷨ󡣡
æͷ۾Ǳ߻Ѿſһȱڣһ˳ȥ
ȥ֮ұ㿴ȫϺȥȴȥǰתŲ߰˲֮һ±㲻Ӱ
˶ߣǿҲ߰˲ⷽλȫ
ȣҲȱ˹ȥ˵ǽš
˵ţұһ˳ȥһȥܞųӿһûɵĿֻŸд˷ӿ˹Ǹоӭһ󿨳һ㡣


2268 ūļǺ
̤ȥһ֮һӵʱȶһ֮ǰ˵ܷӶǻ񵶴ϣˣֻҪҧأ֮ǰ̤Ĳ϶ûʲô⡣
ղ̤ȥÿһҶȻģȻĴҼᶨģֱӿ粽ǰǰ̤߰˲Ĺ⾰ǰĴͻȻȻһգһжָڻ֮Уǰ治Զվŵľɡ
ЦеĿң֮ǰϱ۵ʱоˣЩ˷ܵ˵éɽķ̫ˣҲѧ˲ٶⷨĴÿ϶Ǹţ̫ˡ
һԼѧеĸֶ߳ΣͻǳһĤݵ
Ļһ䣬ͻȻһнŲ˹һͷʱһҲǷЩļµ˵̫ⷨôˣҶЩˣҴ˳
һ֮󣬽ʣµҲ½½Ĵ˳ϼɽȺУȫʱҷòһһ־ᶨСУܵǷԻɥС
⻹ȸ˵õ£˵жߣЩ˶Ѵⷨ
ЩСдʱһȫɫҰףҲû˻عȥǷķ˫ֺʮһģһڷ֮ɥǸСС
һ仰Ҳû˵ǰߣǰһξ֮󣬺ܿǾͿ˵һЩʬ壬ˣһȫͣľ֮ɫ߹ȥһƣЩ˵ϾȻûһ˿ڣˣ֮ǰܵʲôš
ǰЩʬ壬ЩţԴҵĹԹԣЩզģҿôоأ
ǾǱġ
ͻȻ䣬ߵС˵
ô֪չʵ
֮ǰū˵һ󣬵һ֮ⷨУǰḡֳΪηĶԽǺ£־ĶԽԽ࣬ȴûκη֮㺦ߣǸָ߾ͻǰʳ壬һܵ߿ʳʹ࣬յĽǻڵķһ붼ǻڷ֮вʲô˺ۡС˵
ôҪҲӦڷ֮УѵھڿˣչܿһۣޱȻֵ̿˵
ᣬ֮϶һҪȻųңͲˡֻܹ˵һ飬ⷨ󲻹²ˣһڲϵƶı䷽λΪıõĪͷסéɽʮ˵Ҳ޷ͻⷨزã̫ˣéɽµһأΪǧţⷨõľޱȣٴ޲ڵ
æų̣ǵܹܲȥһ˵ҪвȥϽæȥʱ䵢̫ãǶϱ۽ӲϣԺͲðֱ̯Ӹòм־ˡ
һһ°ʵ֮С
ٴνͼ˳ʼ
Ұ֮б㿴˵ϵʮʬ壬Щʬ֮оȻҲһصĹͷ⣬ҲǾֵŴͣͻ۾ﲼѪ˿ǻġ
ʱСͻȻҲƮʱҵע⣬æСȵȡܣطΣյĺܣһ뷨ǹҲҪɢ
ȻСǲܲˣΧܵƮԴʲôƵġ
СŸ硭СȵͻȻЩæкҵ
Ҳԣ߹ȥһָۣһ׳ӸҿСЦ⣬۾˺һʵǿʲôر֮޷ǱȱӴһѡ
СŸ磬ûзʲôСȸƵģѧӡ
СѾͷϽ˵㵽׷ʲôڿɲʱ򡣡Ұ
СŸ硭֮ǰҸūйԼ۸ҵĻҾ͹ҹūæūӦˣ˵˭Ҫ۸ң϶ɱҪ˶ԷĻǣҾҲô죿ū˵ģķ˸ĶȻū͸ҸĶ֮ôܽȥķÿһǰ棬ҵһӣӵһǺţղҵ˹ūļǺšС˷ܵ


2269 ѪĽ
СȵĻȫһϲæСߴ˹
æǺأôûп
ǣָӵײỮǺԣū˵ǵı˷֣ԻòݸڸסˡСȵ
һΣٴγǸطȥ濴ӵĵײвǺԵۣϸпϲæСȣǲ֪ǺţԴֱӵˣ
Сȵ˵ͷ˵ԣܴƿЩֱȥҢүүˣһܺܿū
¾òˣǹȥƻƻ˶ҪˡЦ˵
ãҲͲٷôϸˣ񡣡ҲԵʮָˡ
ȵĴ֮£Źڵķһ·֮ϣСÿһĴѰҹūרŸСǺţȻǱһ·裬˺ܶ಻Ҫ鷳ɱ㴩˹Ĵķ
ÿǴһڵķ󣬶ܹܶһصͺˮʥ̵˵ʬ壬˲ЩĻţԷڣéɽڵķҲʮ׺ÿһǱһʬ壬Ҳǹƴġ
Ҳ˵һ⣬ҲһصѾ˹ڣֻǲ֪ڵսΡ
һ뵽ҵĸĸұ㲻ļӿ˽ŲߴСȸϽǹȥ
һƬïܵӣԶԶǱ㿴һլԺҢ˵סǴլԺ滹һƬӣǵطéɽڵӵס
ڵĵӲ࣬ΪҢͿʬ֮Щɭɭģéɽеˣܶ඼̫ȤڷͷԼķűȽԡ
һҢ˵ĵӱʮϡ٣һٶ˾Ͳˡ
ĵӺܶ࣬İˣéɽŷ壬ÿһɽ֮϶һĳϣÿһ϶кܶӣéɽܵļ˵Ҳǧˡ
ȫƬլӣֻЩԶ̫̱ǰٲϵֶΣϸǱߵĶʱһܼǹ㴫ҵĶ
һصͺˮʥ̵˹湥˹ڡ
£Ҳҵ飬æк˵һصͺˮʥ̵Ĳ˾ڹɱˣһһĵĸϹȥǻ·͵ϮɱһֲϹأôһڱҵĻ׷֣صĵ˵ͷ
˿ٵķɢγŹڵķԼٶȿ
Ҹһһ𣬻кͰչչԲʦʮͽܵһжȻ
ǵĽų̼죬ʮӣǱ˹ڸȥĵطҢ˵ס
˿̣ҢסլԺһյ֮УҢñһȺһص˸ΧˣҴɨһۣΧסҢ˵߰˸ͷʹ⻹ɮҢ˵һ۾Ϳҵĸĸϰ󣬴˿оȻҲһѲϵѪĳһķŭϰֵҲа߰Ѫ֪ԼĻǱ˵ġ
ͻȻ䣬ҷҰֵЩ̫ԾŽļƣоƣϾȻһߵϢɢ
Ѫȵĳ棬˼ֻһͨͨũ帾ŮҰֵ󣬿޿䣬ŵĻ
Ң˵Ҳ̫ãһãѪ߰ߣվҢߵĹū˿ӰҲЩΣϵĺڣһ˫Ѫ۾ݺݵɨܵĵˡ
Ң˵ߵ˺ܶˣҢ˵ʮӣкˮʥ̶ʮǹˣҲмͷʹͺɮࡣ
Ȼ֮ǰ֮ǰѾ쳣ս
ҰֺҢǱѾǿ֮ĩ
սĴɲϴǹһصȻҲԸһЩȥɱҢ˵ĵӡ
һصҰĺܴ󣬲ҪéɽҪéɽµȫɱ⣬̫ôˡ
һһҸĸҢ˱Щ˰ΧˣʱҪǰȥЩƴͻȻһۣסһżȿ˵ǻûȫɽ䱸
֪ҸĸţвǼٵģʱ򣬲˷磬Ҫ䲻Щһ¡
ʮֺ棬ϰӣЩ֣˼ҶһЩȭǿ϶ģȴУ˼ҵӣԲһӡ
ǰѵѪĽӦǸոɱˡ


2270 ·
ûһȥ͵ϮЩˣһԭҲΪҸ׵ԵʣҪǲǶС
ҪһߣǿˣҸ˼ҳϦദô꣬Ȼһûпûϸ۲ԵʣߣԴһڼʱҲ٣éɽһҲò˼ˣûеʱҾ͸ӿϰһˡ
ѵ˵éɽ⼸ϰֻʦ˴зŲɣ
ʱһصЩ˵кܿһվ˳˵ҢˣéɽܿҪˣϷΪˣʹɱ֣㻹Ƿ·ϽͶɣֻҪ˳һصұ֤㲻
ʲôҲƶ˵éɽǧţ˵ģƶͶŶûУҪôʬ̤ȥҪôҾͽȫɱˣƶֻСˣȻһصʦ֮£Ϊéɽǧˣƶ޲ýǧˣҢŭ˵
ղ˵ǸһصļһһЦ˵ҢˣʵһֱéɽˣһصܶͽܣǴɽҪ־ֻܹéɽ̰ͼ˵иңֲñˣҪˣϷ󷢴ȱ׹
ʲôȻͽܣҢŵ˵
ٰˣȻôʶ̧٣Ǿûʲô˵ˣɱ֮ǻҪϽȥһϵԴ϶Ǵһֵ
ǱţѾô֪ͨҶѾéɽˣҶ֮󣬽һȫж˿飬ιϰŭ˵
һصļһ￴Ұ֣ĴЦ˵أͱ˸ɱ˰ɣ֪˱éɽ飬һéɽʰ˵׼ʮѾѻǹʥʹжʮֻҪһ̤éɽĶ츣֮ڣɥ֮ʱˡǼֵܣҪܸϹǣǲĻ˹
һ˵ͻȻֵĴ󺰵ҶӲҾôһӡǲɱ
ҰȻҲĪҪ࣬סĸ첲οЩ˺֣۶һǸǱ֪ƾЩ˻κβǺ˵˵Ҷû¶϶û¶ģ
Ұ⻰˵ǰο裬ǰοԼ
ô֪꣬ҰֵƢԣʵĵҲУɫˣǶˣһλ˼ôˣΪҵ鵣Ĳͣʹ
ҸĸˣһصļһԵΪˣͻȻɫһһֵˣϽ·ɣ
˻һڣЩͷʹͺɮϰֺҢֱӳɱ˹ȥ
Ұֳǰһһ˳ȥұ㿴˼ŻֽߵļʬϿٵȥű˼ھϻֽǼʬͻȻһȫ˺ëʬ˻һվĸ׵ߣ
һĻ𾪵ĿɿڴҵţϰĶУȻܹûֽľߺëʬˮ׼о쳬үүˡ
ϵز©ĸ˰ǰôûзأ
ϰõҵзšʬ֮ǴѧֶΣ
ľߺëʬʬ֮󣬻ס裬Ұֱһѱżɮɱ˹ȥǽΪͨéɽԪԽȻõĻ졣
סˣһҲҰͻȻľٶɵˣŴͣŵ˵ҵţȻУǰ˺üΣôûзأһǸ֣
ЩһɱȥӭǵҢǸūеĳʮ͡
ҢͻȻһٹţУڤڤޣ̫Ͼ
ּֿһӶˣҿҢһϵĳһطͻȻɢһĺЩһصͺˮʥ̵ȥмɮУǺڵϷҽС
ҿʱˣæéɽ˳΢΢һΣĬҸܱߵЩʬһ˲ȫеʬ嶼ëʬЩΧҸ׺Ң˵ļһ˹ȥ


2271 ѹ
֮ԵȵڲŶ֣ǶΧľʮİգҲ۲ãһжƿ֮У۴ʲôǶȣκηλҶܹҸĸҢ˵İȫܹڵһʱ佫ԷŪ
óȻĳ嶯ǰֻöԷǽԷһ۾ϳҾ˵ƴҲҪҸĸ£ԴҪЮңǲҵǵ顣
ԣҲŵȵڣԷעҸĸҢϵʱͻȻ֣õеʬȫëʬһֲ
ĸ˵ޱҪԸԼȥǳһ˺ǲҸĸΪעġ
һ±мʮëʬӵϵЩһصͺˮʥ̵˶ʱȫ±ˡ
Щ±ˣҸĸҢҲһôôʬͬʱ˵ȼôߵëʬ
ȻЩһص˺ͺˮʥ̵ļһǻΪЩҢˣҸ׸̣Ǹû뵽ʱ˿̣һͻȻ
Ĺֱкһߵһ˵֣
һ̣ǧȳŸղ˵Ǹһصͷ˷˹ȥ
СȺͶʦҲͬʱҷ˳ȥǷΪ͵Ľ
ҺһŴһһԾ£ֱЩͷʥʹɱȥ
ôëʬҲǳ͵ĸ֣Ǵ͸ֵļϣܹγɵѹ
Щһص˿Һһ˳ʱŵҡ
һһصļһﾪޱȵĴɱˣ
ЩһصˣЩһĹͷʥʹ֮⣬붼û룬ֱӵͷܣȻزܹѣСȺͶʦһסǵȥ·ɺɷСѳʦֿԪ֮üҪܵһصļһУЩСȵɺɷ˻ǣЩ㱻ʦֵ֮ճ˻ҽ
Һһ첽ǰϣƽЩͷˣһȥмͷʥʹǷŷڵء
ĹͷʥʹͺɮȫЩëʬסֻǰӵĹ⾰ղŻţȺ䣬˵ҪéɽһȺ˱㱻նɱһڶû¡
ʰȺ֮ǲתҢ˺ҸĸǱ˹ȥ
֡衭Сˣܾˡε˵
Сš迴֮󣬴žһץҵĸ첲һ߿һ˵СŰ֪һȺˣ˾ɱŻշӣˡһһӶûмôˣǵǸʲôİҪҢ˹ǣҲˡء
裬ģˣû˺㡣Ұο
ҰοʱҵĿϰϣһѱ⽣ӦéɽߵķȻʲôķȴҲ֮Ʒ
ҿ˼Щ˼һЦǰѳ͵͵Ĳ˱󣬳ЦҾ֪Сб£϶ܸϹϵû㡣
ҴߵҰֺҢߡ
СҲƮ˹һס˹ū֣˷ֱܵūſֲֳһ˿ϲɫһѽСȱ﷢˷ܵĴ
Сš⺢Ļ漰ʱҪȻǹͱһص˸ˡҢһм˵
ҿҢˣֱӹصĿһͷ֣ޱȡ
⺢ӣö˶˵ΪʲôҪô񣬸ϿҢæ˹˫ֽҸסˣҹڵϣɫҢˣ£ûллҵĸĸ
Ͽ֮ͶѣéɽСľҢƥѱ֮ƶʹ˸˹ȥһéɽСе˱ҢǸ˶ɱĲˣҳ˾ȳĸĸ֮⣬ȳ˶ʮ˺ͺӣջصûжãһصͺˮʥ̵˾˹һصҲкܶථ÷õĸ֣Ȼܹ˹Ĵķ󡣡Ң˽һߵ˵
һ£Ң˳һۣɻôأ
˶ڹڸҿвһصڶԸĵӣǷɢȥʰˣӦҲõĲˡҵ
ûҢǸƶôҲû뵽һصéɽԵףʵ̫ɺˡҢŭ
ˣһҢ֣һͽǸһˡ˵ţұ㽫Ң˰ǵ򵥸Ң˵һ顣


2272 ѧɲ
ҢҼ̵֮һľŵ˵ǿˣéɽһǳ裬Ϊ˴Ҳʮֵĵ͵ǫѷһϺ˵ƶһֱԼ˿û뵽ȻصôֻһĹ⾰㽫éɽΣѵľء
һصľֺܴͶéɽıѾˣֻǲ֪δͷéɽĵǺҲ˿ʲôͷһʵ
̫ͻȻˣǺԤ׵ͻȻѣҪһӸ˴ɽŴ󣬻¾ԼµĵӣȫڹЩ̫ģȥһéɽң̱תȥéɽСȾЩ޴֮ˣǴ֮æ²ùڵķ󣬶Ҳ̫˽⡣éɽ֮ǰֽҲϸĲãһ㷢֮󣬸ĳҪǱǹظԵأܻңȷûʲôΣ֮󣬲Żɳĸֳȥ鿴ԡƶĿǰҲ֪澿жٵҢ˵
ЩӣǴҢҲʲȻ
ҺҢ˵򣬽һŲ߿ٵ˹һͷһкԲʦѾˡ
ԶϻǴкȫ㶨϶ЩˮʥǹļһǸɱˡ
˵ţϻǱ˹Ұ軹Ң˷׷׶к
ϼɽԲʦӦøҢʶ˿
߹ڵѾ㶨Ҹĸö˶˵ģһֱĿڵĴʯͷ˵ء
ȥչ裬ұߵҰߣ˼Ҹҽһ˵
ߵһƧĵطұЦʵϰ֣ʲô
ʲôʲôûϰֻڸװɵ㶡
֣ҶˣҶݶϿ˺һ㶯֣һľʬ˺ëʬǲҪҽһ£Ц˵
ϰЩεһЦ˵ԭСӸˡ
ϰ֣صĿǹģЩƭҺÿ࣬ԭһֱǸи֣ôһֱûƳأƵ
ٺ١ʵǱϴںСʱͿϰֳصһЦ
ʲôʱ򣿡ҳԾ
ûʱʱҲʮ꣬͵͵үүҵģСѧҲ꼶ʱѾʶ֣һ¾ͱĶסˣʱҲϲȫ֣ҲдʲôǾ滭ĶʮȤһֱҳпҵʱҲִүүҵǱ飬ԽԽ˼ͰдĶүүˣһ٣ǱֱҸҵˣ͵͵ĽǱϵݶġû¶Լóʱүүȥصϰ࣬Ҳ͹˲ˡҰЦ˵
ϰ֣ѧɲţϻ̫ˡ̾
û취Ҳ֪ǼҵѵǲҵĺӴУǣ֮Уڤڤ֮УһεƫƫӲˡϰɫص˵
ұʱ϶ҲƳüĿΪʲôԳ־ңʵ
ΪǹĶ֣ߣҲүү֪͵͵ķţүүƢ㻹֪ҵȡֻøүү˵绰顣ϰε
ϰ֣ˣദô꣬һֱûзǸߣ㵽ôģҳԾ
ʵܼ򵥣ǱϴרŽôεϢİ취һƽʱȥ죬ȻϰҲ뽫չ¶˭ԱͿˣؼʱ̻óҰֺЦ
ҵ˵ͷҰҲͶأ汾ȴ¶һô꣬Ǹ˷緶òҶҰֵĿһ˺üΡ
ߵ鶼ˣҢ˵ĵӻʣʮܶ϶ˡ
˶ʼһĴ㡣
ҢһҵĿұ˵һ֮ǰϼƵ飬Ҫȥ磬ǵط϶άéɽ츣ص۴ڣôһ˵Ң˳һ֪éɽĶ츣صġ
ҺٺһЦ˵ɴڣصĵطȻéɽ֮أüǰȥڤ֮صʱǼһˣǸһéɽĵɰɣ


2273 һ˰ն
ҢĿҺһ΢΢ͷ˵éɽ֮еȷά츣صۣһܵƻôéɽĶ츣رǵ˼ǣһصҪѾǰ磬Ҫȥƻ𣿡
ҾӦԴ̤éɽ֮󣬳֮⣬ûرĸִڣéɽˣȻһصĶִͷҲҪһ˵󻤷ջƵǸҲ֣Ĳ˵Ƕ˽֣˵Ϊɸоû̫ˣѾѵɵĴڡʵһǳѲĽɫ֣ص
ҲҪֵȼģг˵־磬ҲǾԲսʤĴڣүµһ֣˵Ѿִڡǰڤ֮أ˼һ棬оǾΪˡƶãƾΪͲéɽɵĶ֣ΪéɽĵѾгߵȼҪһĻڼҪ꣬Ҳп٣ʹ˻ɢҢ˵
ô˵һҪȥǱ߿еأҲȫ֮ߣһ۱ƻ顣ҵ
Ң˵˵ͷ˵ƶҲȥֻҢǸҲȥ磬ˣʲôãƭ˵ʦ棬ǲǴ鷳
²˳٣ǸϽɡҵ
СţҲһȥơʱҰͻȻӺ˵
֣˼Ҿɣȥˣ˭չˣ˵дéɽСоȳһЩͨҲҪϣһһصٴô죿ҵ
һ˵Ұ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ҲǡҾɣӦŹڣҲҪСһ㣬çײ¡
Ӧһ˸뿪뿪ʱ򣬲ûнҢʣЩӴȥЩ˴϶ˣΪ޷Щͷ⿹⣬Աϰһعڡ
⣬һⶣԲʦȰҲڹ档
һʼԲʦϣҪһȥ
ϼɽôˣڸԲʦѾʮٳȥһ⣬Ҫȫû˲ɣ㣬ﲻ̣˶Ȱ˵ԲʦŴ˸һȥ뷨
ˣһЩ̫ģéɽ彫֫彡ȫʬ壬ȫëʬΧڹڵĸеЩëʬһϣ˺Ƭ
һж׼׵֮ǱҢ˴ų˹ڡ
ҢڣĴķ㲻ʲôˣֻҢ˵֮д󣬼ֱƽһ㣬ɵıܵķ
֮󣬶ɫѾһЩǰףٹþҪˣ⼸ڣ˲ⶼ¶ƣ֮ɫ
֮ǰɵЩʬ˿ҲĵĲˣСҲСȥ
ֿ첽Ң˳ȥ
éɽĽأ͸ɽ֮󣬻лɽɹ֮һ㣬ѰûʮҪ飬ǲԽģҪ磬Ҫƽͬⷽɡ
֪ƽʲôطһʡ
һ·첽У·Ҳ˲ʬ壬һصéɽ˽УéɽߣҲв٣ȫǸ֡
ߵéɽһյŸʱͻȻ𾪵һĻǵǰ棬˵һٶʬ壬УǹͷʥʹʮéɽǱľֻһˣЩرվġ
лһѱǽ˵ϣ΢΢һķŭ֮ɫ
ϲ˿˿ðϻһ㺮
һһĻǰҢ˻һʱǰЩһصͺˮʥ˵ʬ壬첽ߵǾ߱˱ӵʬǰ棬ͨһ͹
ʦ壡һһ˵ţҢʹ飬Ǳ˱ӵĵͷֹ
ǿǰһĻ׷𾪲ѣǰһٶʬ壬϶ǰɱģéɽǸ˱ĵطһڽ֮϶ûʲôͷϵȻֲʵ
һλֵþǰֵܼȫǵǰ棬ǰһ
ұ㽫ڵϵҢ˲СʵҢˣǰλ˭
ҳʦ壬ģĲֹ˼һ֪ʦ嶼ȥʲôط


2274 
ǳ˵ʬ壬ҢĲѣһıʹ֮ɫ
ϵ֮ǰϵĺӦʮֺأ֪վڴ˴೤ʱˣϵĺ˲٣кܴһƬѪˮϻϵˮδδڵϡ
͸ǲ㱡ĺҿϵϴСС˿һĵȫѪȾˡ
Ǽһ̣ϵûе£㶥صվţ˫Բһŭ𣬾վͨյǰ棬ͬһһվš
ǣһúӣҵȻ𾴡
˿ˣĪ𺳣ʱǰһϸ۲һ±˱ӵĳˣ˵ӦǸһصսһľ֮һĺ֮£Ҳֻһĺǿĺ
˵ûڳˣҢ֮⣬Ƕ֣֪ǺеԵ׿ˮɱˣʮֲֿ
ĺܣһص˶ҲͶأǻκһˣɱһصô֣ͱǴж˿ˣγ˼ˣҲվģԶǿΪĸ˻Ȼ𾴡ɫ
Ǽڳ˵ǰͣһȽ˵ջˣعڰᣬҢȴ˵أ򵥵ķ˵عڵĳ˶ɱˣ˵һصĺֺܶ࣬ǵĿĵȷҪƻéɽۣĻǹȥˣҲ޲
˵ʱҢʮ֣صĸ˵λذɣéɽ飬ǾͲҪٲˣǻصڣéɽС򻹻ŵЩ뿪ɣƶҲéɽ
֪Ң˵ĶĻȷٴװ׵ĹȥҲĿéɽˡ
éɽһĵλǧ޿ɶҡܶʱéɽˣᶯΣ
ΪһӣǶҪ׳Լౡ
£ұҢ˵ҢˣүéɽӣҸéɽѲĹϵǲߵġ
ܼҵҲéɽӣҲߡһҲǰһ
ǸһСŶֵܣǲߣҲߡ
üһ˶뿪Ƿ֮أո鲻õǿҲһɫ
ҢΪһ֣Щ˵éɽҢлλˡ
ǸæҢҴߴٵҢˣǾͲ˵ЩˣϽ߰ɣܰһЩæ
ҢӦһ㲻ٶԣһ㳯յ˹ȥ
յںüǰ߹һΣžǼ޴ߵɽ£ʱҡҡλΣо΢һ񣬱޵׵Ԩ֮С
һʱΪãʱŵĵĻһΣȻĻ֮УҲܰȻ·ѰߣǸ붼顣
һ߹յţǰߣǰһʮֱƵС·±ϿһС˲߶ѣԱ߱ƵԨȥ϶Ҫǵģһûκηʩ
ޱȵɽһƬɽȣطǰ֪ķΧ
ߵʱͻȻͣ˵ǰǲһͬǰĿ̫ԣ˹ȥ̽̽·ǰûһصŵ֣Ȼٹ֪ͨǹȥһҲи׼
鲻
£ұҺһȹȥɣڴ˵Ⱥ򣬵ʱǿ˵ǧƻСȹ֪ͨǡ
ҢЩԥ֮⣬˶ûʲô
ҿοҢ䣬һķ첽ȥ·ҽīҵϢָ˳ֱϣϢָܹεϵߵϢܹεϻ˵Ϣ͸ɽľһ㣬ϢϢָҲȫεֻǽϵϢ͵СﵽһֿԺԲƵĳ̶ȡ
Ҹүʮ֮ڵķΧо֡
Һһ첽ǰߣһ·Σ·ϲûκ谭ûпһˣЩ֣һصķΧ֮ڣҲһЩ˷زǣյŵλã¼νһ򵱹أĪ


2275 Ľ
ֻһ·һ˶ûп˵һصˣéɽҲûС
Щ֣ҺһЩ㷲
ǰһξ룬Ҷ˰ٲϵֶΣʼ۲ܵĶܿͱҲ׽һЩϢڲǺԶĵطƴɱæһ
ǲɫĳǸɱƴķ첽ȥŲèһϢ
Լ֮ǴһɽȥطѾܽˡ
ɽ֮ԴӳڻĲ֮У͵͵ȥܿ㿴һ档
粻׵һƬɽ֮УéɽǱߴԼһٶˣһصͺˮʥǱİˣѹѹһƬ
ҸղҲһսɵٶʬ壬дһصˣмʮͷʥʹéɽҲ˲߰ʮˣϵѪ״ʮֲҡ
éɽǲ˵Уҿéɽƽˣִ³ˣ༸̫Ϥĳϣéɽ⼸λϵվŵĶһЩ̫ϤϵЩϵӦöܴ󣬴ĵҲãͷҲģЩϵֱӾһľԴһ٣оһȺҪĽлӡ
éɽܶΣûмЩϵһζûУӴ࣬ģҲǼλϣֵһ˵ǣЩϵŴŴ綼һ㣬ΪǸǿЩʹģƶҪϣϵʮҲ֪Ǵʲôطðġ
éɽˣӦéɽΪǿһˣ˿ȫۼ磬סһصЩ˵ȥ·
éɽЩ˵УҲҪǡֱĸ֣Ҳ˵ͽּ
֮ǰҢǱߵ֪éɽıִСţֱɡơ塢Ҳȫԣڸ֮УЩϲԼĵţԼҲǿԸĵģȫ⣬ʦ֪ҲһҲͬʱӵţڵ֮вϡ档
ȻǵҵС
éɽߵףɽǻɽ޷éɽʵȵġ
վŵЩõ۵ϵÿһվɶһ档
ҾǵļӦøɽ֮ϡ
éɽߵʵȻǿһصǱߵʵ˵ľ
ͷĲǱˣֹѦС߻ǸƥվһٸƤ׵ĹͷʥʹЩͷʥʹкܶˮʥɳĺۺɮҲʮЩۺɮںˮʥΪˡ
վŵһٶˣӦñһصڻĸֶĶһƲʵҲС
ֵһ˵ǣһصȺмλãһӣ̧ӵֻĸˣĸ˷ֱŹߣ߿ȥʮֵ죬ǵλãһ˿̵ĻȣڼͳЦһ㡣
ǽȫ״ѩ
ⶥӳȺ֮رۣһ±ܹǵĿ⡣
̧ӵĸߣվһһҲ۲һƤûգһ£оǻһ
һصߵһҪéɽĽࡣ
ҲԶΪΣͻȻͣ
һͻȻһҵļԴһʮֵͳ˵СŸ硭һصмǶô¶Ща˭п棿
һ⻰һͻͻ£Ҫ˵Щʲôһֵû᲻һصһջƵλ
ҡҡͷ˵̫񰡣һ˵ӦͬȵλƻӣΪʲôûӣ⼶Ҳ̫һЩ
һһ£ѵѵǰճˡ
һ˵仰ʱæסͣѹĺСС˵˵Сһǰտת˵ʮĹ̥Ϊ޷Գ֮˵ҲܱҾúпǰգ㻹ǲǵնɱϵʱ˵պܿҪˣѾȥܾˣӦҲóˡ
һɫ䣬Щ˵СŸ硭ǻʲôնˣǳȥ𣿸Ͻ֪ͨǳɣǹȥҲǱˮнһҲûС
żȵȵȿ˵ʲôתéɽĵɻûгأǶ˵͵Ϯһѡҵ


2276 ׽
ҲȷǶɫ˵ǲǰգ̣Ӧǲˣһ뵽վҾЩľŵĲС
˵ʵҪ⴫˵һĴڣ׳ʲôģ
룬ҲֻаĴڣеӹéɽǧţǸʲôƻǲܵģϾéɽеֻд˵веĴá
ʵһʼ͸뵽ģֻǲԸȥ룬Ҳȥ룬ֻۿԸȥţڳˣĳ֣Ŵ⽭ϵȷѪŸոտʼ
ҵֶЩ΢΢ˣ֪ΪΪ־壬Ϊ̫֪յıĿˣǸүĵˣҲнĵˣҲǡ
˿̣ģֻɽۻǳܲʱˣֻΪһ֧óֵʱ֣ɱԷһ䲻⡣
ʱʲôʱһҪй۲죬ʱСҲѹյһݣ˫ʵʱֻҪһճ֣һܲס
ڿéɽǴƵģ˵ǸǰյĻ
Ҳ˵ԷƣŰյͷéɽӶһصĽ¡
˫༸ʮףмȫǵڵϵʬ壬üپߣѪɺӡ
˿̣ɫѾˣ춴츣еéɽܲӦ˴ʱķ羰һƬɱƯŵζ˿˿ģһ˿Ѫȡ
ʦ֣һصѹǾͲҪٸ翹ˣȥûκ壬޷ͽˣѵҪéɽǧҵУĻΪéɽǧˣͶһصéɽĸ㻹éɽƽ̣㿴Σ
Щ죬۾ȥȴ˲֪ʲôط˳վһص֮ǰԲѣ߸ϵ˵
˲ãһƽڵéɽ˿ȫ˻޲ֱӽ˸̻ˡ
ʦéɽ£Žڸһı£ԵéɽķȵéɽˮȴǴ治ɥ֮£ԼģԵȥʦԵéɽڣԵЩɥéɽéɽǧˣҪҪ㣬éɽģĻһ޷Թģӯ۾ʼˡ
һ˵ЩéɽĵȫָƿڴɶĶУûһġ
ҲһֱЦе˵λéɽʦֵǣʦʦʦүǣéɽ֮ϴ˺üʮ꣬Ҫ˵ûи飬ǲܵģ˿Ҹ˵ĿɶӵĻͶܻһԼ֤߲ᶯһëҪĵҪһصΪУҲǵȫһҪҿɾͲٽʲôͬˡʵӵéɽʱұѾһص£ЩǱצΪ˽ʱա
Ķ˵ЩҳԵʦϹۣͽƨ˵Ҫ־Ͷ֣éɽ£ûһģƶˣҲҪƤһϵվ˵
ϵңãֺݣһľָ˵ıƿڴ
ʦ壬ôλЩǲ±չرɵˣѵûпǰʽֻ·һ׻˵ʶʱΪܣ˼ҲҪôִЦе˵
ǳ˿ڣһԵѾԵúܲͷˣ˰֣˵ҪٸЩţϵѿˣԼҲûа취飬Ϊʦ˵ǡ
ǣʦ˹һ֣˼óһ
˫֣ǰ˼ɨһǰЩéɽ˵Ϸϻ˵һΣéɽ׽
éɽŭ
ãǾûʲô˵ˡ˵ţһ֣Ⱥ˶ʱÿһ
ܿ죬ĸŹߵĹˣǶɫĽӱ˵ǰ
գһصճɽһҪéɽ˳߲
⻰һڣǶǰͻȻ뵳һʵʵİɫϢܹĵ


2277 Ϊ
һɫģǰƵĽӣ쳣ۣĸ̧ŽӵĹˣҲɢ쳣ֲϢ
éɽЩճأǶɫ˾ǰյʱǶܱ뵳һŹĵϽˮ˳£ӿ
Ϣ̫Ӵˣ뽭ô꣬ʶĸҲ٣Ǵûм˿ֲϢڣҸүҲûӴĞų
ҵɴ۾һ˲˲ĶǶɫĽӣĹ򣬴ǶɫɢӴϢѾӵҺһطʱһֺâڱսУٴһ΢΢
ҲܹܵһԵһĺҲʼĳ
̫ǿˡŵģӦþǰˣ֮£ûһǿΪһСţѾЩֹסڷ
éɽЩ˿Ƕɫӵʱ򣬷׷Ҳ¶ޱ𾪵ɫǹɰɫϢӵߵʱ򣬶ʱһ磬ϵĳϴ˹ȥЩϵ޲׷׺ˣ˷ƺ֮
ǧéɽһֱΪУڱٸһλᡭղҲ˵ˣ˳߲ȫԼУһص£ɻҪȱ֣Ѫϴéɽһ۵ǰɫĽƮ˾а쳣
ǰշ
ֱЩš
ڰǿĞųѹ֮£éɽǱߵŵһȻûվ˵һ仰
ǽǻˣǻʶ̧٣éɽձéɽһʥ̽Ķ֣Ҫƾ׵ĶϿûҩġٺ١ЦһЩéɽĵ
㡭ǲҪˣéɽһص߹ǡ
éɽǱ߳һλӦʮңӦǡֱһλǰ˵û仰ǶɫӵķͻȻ̽һֻ֣һӣһϢϢĵȥ˵ĵʱվһδǻȷ˵ˣ֮䣬˵Դϳһѷ죬Ȼ˴мֱ룬ʮóӶλĵĿ֮£ֳ룬ȻӺ໩һء
éɽǱߵٴηһ˼
ԶҺһҲŵĻһ£һһץסҵĸ첲СŸ硭Ϊ˾硪Ϊִ˵еֶξȻС̫˼ˡ
˿̣ҵҲޱȣǴ˵еգӵʮΪĹ̥ŽʬĹ⾰ָģΪȫָҪˣ
æСĸһϽǧƷųȥȫкеĿˣéɽĵӦҲҪˣǳǸɼܵʱһ͵Ϯһѣø⡣
һЩŵĿҵСŸ硭ˣǽǰգҾӦóˣ㻹кǲǹȥ𣿱Ĳ˵ǸղŰһвΪֶΣҿƶӲס
д㣬Ͻȥǹɡҳ
һΣֻĵĽǧƸ˳ǲķٵķ˹ȥ
һ˲˲ļĶ
ǰһɱéɽһλνɱӺéɽЩ˿ŵǾѪĵʬ壬һɫȫŵĲҰס
ʱ򣬽Ǳٴδ˰۶ҴɭϢ˭
ѻȸĺסˡ
ֲʵֲ̫ˣһ¶éɽ֮һֵܵס˿ֲɱأ
һѹȫéɽߵȫľ
յ˼ܼ򵥣Ūκһһֻϳǰף˭ͷҾŪ˭
ϣû˲Щ˼ʮ꣬ϰϵյ׷޷ǳܹЩͷ˿վ׼İոһоɱˣʲô
éɽЩ˲ǿֻбǸǿĴڣʱվͺñһͷͻéɽЩ˾൱һȺС򣬸ûκηҪ˭˭ͱҪǰֻ˳Ӻûеڶ·ߡ
ſʼéɽߵ˵׸԰˿ֲĴڡ


2278 ɱ
㽩ӣû˸˵һ仰ǿΪĽʵõ֤һжģձõ֤
ڿֹ֮ڣǶɫɢĞųǿһһͷųѹ˶ЩǱڴ˴ңҲܵĪѹſڵϣԴ̧
ŰոЩéɽĵӦҪҪܵѹʮҲֹ
̺ͳƣѵéɽľҪڰյ֮²ɣ
ôʱ䣬ûһ˸ҷ
Ϊ鲻ٳʲôתʱͻȻéɽЩϵ߳һˣЩϵϵѾͣüëͷһģϵõȫǲʮ־ݣϷֱһѱ
һϵվ˳۾Űյķһۣ˵գҪΪΪǿ󣬾ͿĿһУéɽǧ̣Ҳ˭Ϳģ뵱ʦֶ̽𣬸ǽ㷨ʬ꣬ȻʮֲףαҪΪѣƶȰ㻹һƣаɣ˵Ҳéɽĺˣʦ棬һ£Ҳéɽ֮һڸİɣ
੡ǰɫĽﴫһɭɭЦ⣬˵ǰ˵ȷҲéɽĴˣҪ־͹ƥ򣬾Ȼһ֣뽫ҽڷ֮Уǻ֣ԱҪéɽ˵棬Ͷɣ
ʦүéɽƽǰһסǲ˵ϵĸ첲˼£ʲôҪ˵ȴû˵
һéɽƽ˽ϵΪʦүҲ;°ͣȥүʦǽ⼸λݣؤһϵҪ˽ꡣ
ҵţЩ˵ĳ֣ٴˢҵۡ
ҿҲǵˮ׼ôܹôأ
ѲүʦҲȺ˵У
ĹŹ̫ˣҸоԼѾܲ˶Ϣ
ĪҪţȺϹͷڣ˵ʲôҲð̤һǵʬ̤ȥ˵
ȻˣǾûʲô˵ˡʹǵʬ̤ȥɡİյ´
һ֣ɱ
һ䣬ȳ֣һ㳯Ÿղ˵Ƶն˹ȥ
һˣ˲һı˪
ôͣΪҲǳ֮ĳһԾȻУȻǵն䣬Ǻӵǽһ׶ĵطȻȻֹ
ƥһֱɱȺ塱ֱϵм䣬һս塱ֱϵȻҲܹ·硣
Ҫ˵Ҳ͸Ҹү࣬ҪСһЩ治֪Ϊ˳ǿΪ
ʼ֮ЩƤ׵ĹͷʥʹʱҲ׷ǾŶ˻ͭéɽ˿ɱ˹ȥ
һ˲ͱޱȼսһ̣㲻ڵأɥ
ֻéɽǱߵЩ̫˽ЩͷʹֶΣϴǺףǹ룬ѽ俳ڵأéɽʵȻǿһƴɱһ˱ҪĸͷʹǿߣǴƵġ
ǽİʼû¶棬ʼգҾͿ¶һֱۡ
ֱϸֳ׵ĺ࣬΢΢һɱ֮Уʵֲ
ղǶéɽ˲̣ԼҲǲ̣֣éɽЩϤնɱȴڿһϷһͲҲ֪ﵽʲô
һЩ˵СŸ硭Ǵˡʲôʱ֣
żڻʱ򡣡С
˵ţ˽Ųͷȥʱ򣬵Ң˺ǶŵĿǣʾȫεϵϢȻЩԶô˼һĿ껹Щġ
οаڡ
ͷǵĴҲ˵ֻȫЩСɫˡ
Ƕغ֮Сҵʲôˣ
ճˡ
˻һڣ˶ɫҢ˸ŵĻһ˲ݴԣ濴ȥһŵأ
Ƕɫ˱ǣղҺСŸ翴ɱˣֲ̫ˡһµ˵


2279 éɽľ
һ˵չˣ˶ŵɫ䣬δ඼Ʋ⣬Χéɽһصһ棬ˮʥһֺۺɮȻٸƤ׵Ĺͷʥʹ̣éɽһˣ˭û뵽Գéɽ벻˶ⷽȥ룬ΪǾãһĳɽéɽһضûС
ʵͰǰĳɽˣǲ׵һɫĽ棬ϢĹ۲սֻ֣Ҫһéɽ̼и֮
ԭ׳־һȺˣճɽϢ֮һȫ˪ӣһû˵һʮŵĻУҲ͡
ڰǰǣûܹװȣװȾҪĺܲҡ
һǿŲСŸ硭ǽô죿նˣ㲻һȥɣ⼸ˣһٳʮҾöɱġѾˣ͵͵뿪ǹĲҪ
ǸϽ߰ɣڰջûзǣȥɣƶҪéɽҢ˿ɱȺ۾ʱͺˣһ½˳ƱҪɱȥ
һѾץסҢ˵ĸ첲סСҢˣż϶תéɽĵɿ϶ҪˣҲǵɲܹ俹⣬ǾƬ̣ڹȥûпﻹС塯ֱֱ͡ĸЩϵһ˵ΪԶȥ𵽶ã
ôһ˵Ң˼Ĳᶼε˵ǡƶҲĿԼͬһĵ°ɣ
ʱҪͣĳǿǰǶҪ̣СҴıҿŰɣ϶תéɽĵϾҪˡҵ
Ҳ˵ͳģ˼Ҫػéɽۣ۵Ҳ֪άϵéɽ츣صĹؼڣȲѣǲ뿪۵ġҢ˵
éɽˣ˶ɱĸɸɾéɽĶ츣ŻкãʱˣǵѵҿҢ˵
ҢҲ̫ˣһ˵Ȼ˵ӦǾ˵Ļʮеɡ
СֿοҢ˼䣬ȶһ
һĹսֵ˼ʮˣéɽǱߵʮһصͺˮʥ̵ĹжʮˣлЩƤ׵Ĺͷʥʹһ˫ϵӦǡֱĴãʮͣеشһЩƤ׵ĹͷʥʹҲˡ
ЩϵͻȻһ㿴ߵҢ˵ҢˣЩֱ͡塯ֱֵĴ֮ǰʲôطţéɽǰǰҲʮˣûһμǣЩ˿²éɽΪɣ
Ң˵˵ͷ˵ǲéɽľ񣬶лɹλĳ֣һΪﵽһ磬ǱǰȥéɽһµĵطչУһ¾ڣ¾֮кܶéɽǰɽЩǰЩ¾ڵɽУֻˮʳЩΪﵽһˣܹٹȣԺü²Բȡéɽߵˣÿ¶õһЩˮʳάéɽǧôġ
ȥô֣УЩ˵ܹжгΪأ̲סʵ
Ҫɾ͵ɹλֹǧѣһٸ˵ҲԳɾͳһʱźüһɣҲ궼һһɣ̫ˣҪܳܵʹ࣬ϴԼ־ﵽһľ磬ܳɾ͵ɹλʹǳéɽˣѡУԸȵĶȹҲȥǷʹ࣬еĵУܶ˶Գ٣еܹϣǺܶ˶ǰʹĻţ˳ȻĺãƶҲԥһʱҪҪȥ³ɹλҢ˸ǽ͵
Ң˵ĽͣǼ˶ʮ𾪣ҲֲЩĵĸţܹһɾ;ţĲˣһֵҫ飬ü˶һһɣǰͺ̣е·ϡ
ҿЩϵʵЩֱĺ͡塯ֱˣ³ɹλ𣿡
Ƕǣ϶ƽʦֵ֪һصΧéɽŽЩ˼˳


2280 ɳ
ЩеĵڳɹλͬʱΪͻͽ˶ܳɹҲкܴջһܹ٣Ϊϵĳ
éɽѣЩéɽϵһԶȫվ˳˵ʵҼɽͻɽéɽ治һεģɽҲȻɽǿ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲвһ¸صǰֻΪϣȲéɽҲٮٮߣɽˣȷǺȺһֳȻĴڣҲлɹλĴá
˵ͻȻľֳ˱䶯һֱŹ۲սֵһͻȻС˵СŸ硭ˣտʼˣ
һĻ˵Ŀٴξ۽ս֮С
һ˵չ̲סˣֻû߳ǶɫĽӣֻǽһֻϸֱ۴ӽ֮̽˳ʩչĻǲΪֶΣָ΢΢һһϢķ絶éɽǱߵնɱȥ
Ƿ絶ֲĳ˵ǽһڸЩƤ׵ĹͷʹéɽԴնǷ絶ָı˷򣬳ڸƴɱǼλ塱ֱϵնɱ˹ȥ
Щ塱ֱϵΪͣǷ絶ն䵽һ塱ֱϵϵʱϵһ±˾޴ΣУæԼеĳԼǰáһϵֱӱմһǷ絶սȦ֮⡣
ʦүһԵҢ̲ס
һ£ҢٴαЩץסĸ첲ʲôΪΪڻǳֵ顣
ǼǱڰˣһεıֶθˡ
ߣܹӵһƷǶһұۣܹԼս
ǰոʲôãΪԼһ޿ƥеķ
Ϊһֳѵľ磬ΪƬҶɻɱ֮У˵ıǰһĴڣҼΪߵҲҸүˣҸү֮仹źܴĲֲ࣬Զ׼ġ
ҰԼŲ۲ս֣յķ絶նȥλ塱ֱĵȻûбյķ絶նɱȴҲܵ˲С𵴣е³һѪܵ絶ײǰѱҲѾ״
òʵ̫ˡ
һǷ絶󣬵ڽİٴγ֣ǶɫӵܣǿĞųײۡ죬ʵʵİɫСĽΧĵϢĸ̧ŽӵĹ֮⣬ûһ˸վǶӵΧ뼴ңվǽӵĸ϶ҲܵǿĳײܵһЩ˵ġ
ֻϸŮ˵趯һ絶ϵĳéɽǱߵնɱ˹ȥһ˲Ĺ򣬱߰˵ɵЩéɽΧǽһңܶоǷ絶Ĵڣ˾ͱնΪأֻΪߵһزϵܽסյķ絶ֻǽס絶ĺҲˣ˵ս
һ֣éɽ˲ʮλѪ֮УǷ絶ֹɱ֮󣬺ܿٴθı䷽򣬳նɱȥ
հɱ˵ٶȣƲӣéɽЩҪնɱ
ǽƾһֻ֣ɸéɽ޵иֱ֣ǶһĴڡ
Ң˿ԼͬţԼǰһѪ֮Уʬ촦۾ͨ죬£ǵĿѡ
ûʲôȿֲ״ܵˣֻĿţԼȴΪ
ҢΪЩҲΪ˭ȥ˭
աΪǴְɡ
Ƿ絶Űʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һޱȻֺӴķȻҲһˣֱӹЩéɽŰմЩ絶
˾ǿբĺˮһŰɫЩɫ֮Уܹ׽մЩ絶ˡ
Щ絶һѳ״ǹɰɫ֮˲߽⣬ǹ˵һصͺˮʥ̵ˣҲƷڵأЩƵˡ
һҲʱ֣ŰǱȥ
ӴĞųƣҲֻéɽǸɲܹӵУ˼Ҫˡ
ʦ桭˼ڳˡ
ȻҢһʱĻݺᡣ
ͬʱ˳֮⣬ҲΪéɽһ


2281 ҵĹ
ɹҪˣٲ֣տ϶ҪѪϴéɽɡ
һɰɫϢķƮǱ߶ʱҲ뵳˿ֲϢߵϢϽˮһȲѣײһ𣬷һ޴ĺ
оڴһƬ޴ƲʶײһȻ֮
˵ΪԶܹģǰɫϢֻɢĞų
һĻٴס˺ķȥʱķһϵӰɫĵۣ׷ͷһ٣ɢһŵĺ⣬˶ᷢһ
㱵һ˲䣬ھãϵͺǴ·һ
ǰҺҢ˿ʱֻ˴˵ȴûпģʱ˿̣ڼˣв⻹ЩССļ
éɽΨһĵôɽǸɿȥЩ̫һ
ҸоéɽӦҪࡣ
һéɽĵɿͥŲЩéɽĵӷ׷׳ȥóһ·
еéɽȫ˵ϣųƺǵΪʦ棬еĳƺʦүе˳ƺʦ塣éɽĵɳЩ΢΢ͷɫûһ˿飬ֻǾֱŰǸӻȥֱߵսмЩʬԱߵʱǵɲͣ˽Ų˵ѣּˣƶǵãһμ滹һټʮǰʱһգۼʱֹȥˣʱ򣬻ȴǰʮΪתΪˣ㶼ôˣʼտ͸ִ̫ˡеĶԹԹվ˽ᣬһ޷ǶǸưˣջһգΪȴܻǿأ
ӰɫǱߴһЦ۶һһ˿˿ɳơ
飬ڸ˵ôȻг˵ɹλڱֻһСӰˣһСȻѵˣ㲻ԼЦôݵ˵
ܶʱ򣬲ǻ곤ʮΪ޶羡ķ£˼һƬڽһƬȷѪꣿλɫ
ǷŲ³ޣҪéɽң𲻹ҪéɽҪڱ£Ұյ߹Ҫ˭κεңΪҪȵéɽ˶ɱ֮ͷڹſϳһ֣˳飬ڱһλᣬһټʮǰһҸһᣬڸҹ£˵ԸҵĹĵĻ㲻ɱ㣬ҲὫЩͽͽɱˣ㿴Щ˵
񣬻Щ£˭
λéɽϵĵɣҲôΪȷı¡
Ǹӣ˵գéɽ˶ɱˣҲκ˹ǰéɽˣ˭ǸҵԼͷ­ƶ͸
úúáӲͷ𵽵ҪӲʲôʱ򣬼ȻǲϹǱֻýȫɱ⣬飬ȥɣ
˵ţͻȻָţٵһȻָȻ䵯ųһҪѿһȻʵʵķ絶ֱɴ˹ȥѷ絶浶ƿ죬Ǹоͺǰ漴һɽѷ絶ȥҲܽɽͷնء
ն˴ֶΣͻȻ˫΢ţк˼ٶ̫ˣҲû˵Щʲôǰ˲һ޴̫ͼԼǰ˫һ㽫̫ͼǰһƣ̫ͼٵĳǰƮ˹ȥ
ѷ絶Լٶײ̫ͼ֮ϣűһ޴ĺųȫȼˣһ治éɽ˻һصˣһȫΪ֮Ҳס
ΨŅ̀Žӵĸߣһ֮ǰһ㣬һҲ֪ĸһﵽʲô·
ѷ絶̫ͼײһͬʱݻ١
ǵ˾ȻҲǿ˰벽
ʵһ۱ܹķռǶԸéɽĵɣҲֻǶһֻ֣޷ҲǶһѣǵȴǷ˺ܴˣҲ޷ıéɽʱ


2282 
éɽΣյʱˣȻͲסӣػ۵ĵطéɽЩ񣬵ԴʱҲѿסյǻŭ𣬰տǽҪéɽһ˲ɡ
ǵɵıһγһ˿ס˰յٷ絶֮󣬵ǵɾȻٴοٵ˷ͬʱٴκһʮּ򵥣֣ʮС
ʬ뷣
һҴ߶ҪһκܳΪ߶ķܹ֮ȻǴ߶ʱһ㶼ر죬ʮֵӱꡣ
Ϊﵽһ磬ɵˮ׼ֻһʽʩչʱ֮űᱻǣ𣬽ҵȸе𾪵һĻٴηˣŵЩʬ壬Լپ֮࣬һȫͦϿٵɫĳëףȫ˿ֲëʬųһصǱߵԾȥ
Щһص˿⼸پëʬһŵɫ䡣
ëʬëʬҪһΣɱͿǳɱϵ
ҾüƤ׵ĹͷʥʹһëʬȫӦǣЩۺɮëʬԽֱӸɵ
ҾֵǣɾȻéɽķֱƾһԽپëʬͬʱ߶ǿΪʵ̾Ϊֹڵǿ϶һģëʬ޷ٻ
پëʬƺƴڵ˵Ĵ߶֮£ֽű㳯һصȺ˷˹ȥ
һصЩ˿̣¶˿־ɫڿôëʬ֮ɫҲǴ䡣
ЩëʬĿֲԼֻ̹ǿ׺ģ֪ʮѶԸ
ɷˡ
ó˸ƴļơ
һֱǰɫİͻȻһЦ˵ֶӦéϴı£Щ˼ҲǵСѡ
һЦǰٴֻ̽۵С֣ܿʮѷ絶ٵɣĳǰЩëʬɱȥ
ǰ㵶ǹëʬڰյķ絶֮£翳вһ㣬絶֮һ߾ߵëʬȻҲܹնΪأնëʬ֮󣬷絶ͷɲųëʬٴɱȥ
ʮѷ絶֮ëʬƬƬĵ£ʬأһǰ
ֲôֲȼëʬڰǰҲǰ㲻һ
ŴƬëʬ£ǵһ֣ɽͷ֮ϣͻȻһʯɽ֮Ϲ£Ȼһ׹ɽ֮ϷԾ£ǵ׹ɵĽˣҲſķԭǾȻһѳֱ˵ɵС
ǰѳ˵֮󣬵ɻа£ҡͷ̾ϢһѣԴƶչеһٶǾһֱδ棬գҪƶһ𲢼սˣһͬɱУҲþûгѪζˡ
˵ţǵеĳһΣâһ֮䣬ȻһֱӽմһնΡ
ýһԵɽס̾
󣬱һصһƤ׵ĹͷʥʹŵǱ߳ɱ˹ȥ
ɵűŰսӵķ˹ȥһߣһӵ˵գһٶûÿһμ涼֮ĽɣҪЩ
顭㻹ҽ֣϶һЩѹǶˣһ񲻿գյ˵
ɲٶԣŲͻȻӿ죬ʱʮƤ׵ĹͷʹѾƽ˵ɣǵ۶ûһ£ɢŰâĳһӿ֮䣬ݺᣬһ±㽫߰˸Ƥ׵Ĺͷʹն˺üأʣµǼͷʹͣսֱȥ
ֻǻûӰǱ˵Ǽͷʹնɱ
Ϊһصˣպ
㲻յôһˣԼ˶ɱԥ
һĻͻȻѪһ˵һǵĻˣǳֵʱˣһ񡣡
˻һڣ˷׷׿ңһľ
СŸ硭ҪȥǰոɣǷ˰ɣչ
ڱɸţȡʱ䣬ȥȽߵ˸ɵղŰ˵ɻ˹ҸүҲҪˡ


2283 ֮ض
ղŰոǵ˵Ļһ˵εɳ϶ĸһ䶥صĸֲ࣬ҾܹնԿҲ޷Ǽˣһ϶Ҹүһǻеʦ۾ʦ
۾ʦ겢ûҸү󣬵Դһμ棬Ҳ۾ʦΪ״ﵽһʲôΣҸүڻ۾ʦһֱͿģ̬ƽ۽ڶԴһһ
ǻ۾ʦͽܣʹϻ۾ʦΪһˮ׼жԴҲʾ̫Ҳ֪ԼʦǴﵽ˺־磬֮ǸĪ⡣
ϻתĸɮѾǱǸ֤ʵˣܹתɮΪģȻǷ֮
ҪȻǻ۾ʦҲԻвȡʽֶδڸϻ֮󣬱쳾ģڽĥ
Դϻ֮Ҷû˵Ҫ̨ɽ飬Ҳ֪ʦͽʲô㡣
Ҹүͻ۾ʦ֮⣬ʵ벻ͨ׻ʲô˻æ
ʵΪҸүһҲ٣ɽǸɳˣǸ֮ĶʬʮǿĴڣֻɽҲϲǶʬ͸ܳˡ
Ĵأ˽ܵ飬ʮ죬ʮأӦûвٲĸִڣɽ䵱ɽĴлҲеɼĸ֣Ͳö֪ˡ
֪Ҹүͻ۾ʦһټéɽĵɣܲܿסգ
鵽ֵزֻȥƴһˣĿŰվ㱻ҲѰ
Ǿ˼ǵģֻҪǼˣéɽһ𣬶סպ£ֱҸүǸϹǵȥԿգһллᡣ
£ұ˷ԸһһȫĵطҪý׵ֱӺɱգǺ䲻ҲҪյЩ¸ɵһ֣߲һ磬ֹ˹Ը㣬ҲߣʵڶסˣϻϽҲֵܵһ˸һȥݺЩһصˡ
㻰һ˵˵ɫһƬȻһչһ˵үģɣ޷Ǿһ˽Ͱˡ
ǺãͰСŸ˵ǳʱˣƴһ֮ضɡһҲ
ллллλˣƶéɽллλˡҢʮ֣صĺһһء
ҽҢ˲˺ܿɢŵ׼
ٴγսȦһۣɿǼپëʬǰյķ絶˲նɱ˴룬һֳŰǱ߳ɱȥéɽЩԭ԰ޱȼɵǵɳ֮ƺָһЩ˿ҲɱȥһصЩٴλս
ҵ۾ɨܿˣһһصĻһéɽˡ
˶һҲǺףˣұҪɱܽͷ֮ޡ
忴һ֮ұߵ˵ҪҪɵֻһһǸҺͰչԸһ˸ɵҪ
˵ͷ˵á
ţ˱ͷж˳ɽֱӳɱȥ
ҳȥʱĿһֱǶɫĽӣһֱҪǽӣԿֻǰȴèϷһ㣬ָ΢΢һķ絶ǵӦӲϾ޷ЩηĹͷʹϳŵɳɱȥ˲鷳
ǾԲǵģһǷ絶˵Ҫҵ
ԣҴһֱƿ˰գŲԶ͵͵ȥ
ڸéɽǼ塱ֱֵĸֽռϷ磬ΪղǰմǷ絶塱ֱֵĸָˣڡ塱ֱֵĸֻһֻ˵ܹʱסţھơ
ٰ˲붼û룬һл㾦㳯ĺĴ˹ȥ
ʮ־⽣иһһΣ㳯һ˹ȥһٰ˲Ľǰһݺݵĳնȥ
һøҵĽײһ˶ǻһ
Ȼ飬ϴŶתǬƣ󲿷ֵתƵ˵棬֮϶ʱҲȳӡ


2284 ү
Һ˺ԵЩţûп˭Ȼһ˵İΧȦ
һ϶һôͻȻðһ֣ǿܸһƽ֡
ʵҵΪ̸Ĳ໹Ǻܴģղһжƴȫǽ˶תǬƵվ˽ŸȻͷңԳԾһ£ЩϷʵ˵Сӣ㵨ӲСִҲҳ
ҲǹСүרŹ·ġЦ
ðһαһֻĻëӽ˾֣ûнŪðɱˣĻʱ򣬺ٺ١Ц˵
ҺˣƤʱ򣬲ԶվŵǼλ塱ֱĵǼ˵Ŀȫ߿˹һʮ־ȣеĻĴ͡
񡭡񰡡ǿСʦܵǸͽ磿һϵ˵
šȷ񣬸ղǼһ˵Сӽ϶Сӵĺˡһϵͷ
λϵĿ⳯ϲͣĴʮУǿһλò֮һ㣬Щڡ
Ƭ֮һλϵʵޡƶ㣬Сʲôˣ
үҸүġǼλϵһЦ
úúáηû뵽ҵĺҲǿǴˣСӣ˵СӦýǼ϶һʦ棬үǵʦֶһϵ˵
λʦãһμҲûʲôͣ㽫ͷ͸λʦˡҺٺЦ
СӸǸľͷȻ࣬ƶϲĺܣү֣ȽһŪ˵һ塱ֱϵֵ
Ǽ⳶ƤһԵŭ쳣ͷôЦϷϾ·
ŭ쳣ٸ˵ĻᣬеĺһΣֱɱ
Ǻһ֮䣬֮ӭһһ£䰡
æˣշ˼޴Ļ򣬵ҵǰɢ֮
λʦֱ򣬳죬ֱȥ
ʱ򣬰չҲͻȻбɱһâ˸㳯к˹ȥ
ǼԸʱҢ˺ǿԼգѾҵˣ˽˸Χ˼ûʲôм֮
֮ǰҸ˽ֵʱ㱻ҸˣҢ˸˵Ϊʵ൱ټǿӣ˹ҪС
ǼһҲʹԴУ֪˵Ķ֣æк˼Ƥ׵ĹͷʹȥһԸǿҢǡ
һ˸ոճûãһǱ߱Ѿʼ׼ˡ
ֶ츣֮У֪ܲܽ׳ɹΪéɽֳţ츣֮жзķ磬ֹǿƻéɽĶ츣أ֮ǰҺҢ˵Ļéɽλֶڣ϶֪ʱ򿪣һ׺
ӣһҪ׽Ҫһʱ䣬鲻żǰҪĻҪ˵
塱ֱĸֺͰչһͬΧʱ̴߶ԦľʼʩѹЩͻĲԼٶϲƶȥҲٵļս֮УһͬԸ
λ塱ֱϵΪ˺ʩչһС͵Ľ󣬽ӰҴңɱķݺĽǿɽʯϳһݺύĹֱ֣ӷסȥ·ҺͰչһ𣬸ΪҵĽˣ˺·磬ǲĻĲҲЩͷö
ʮ֮һɨǧɨѽͬʱչĻ𾫳һųɫĻ棬ͬʱ֣һ㱻ؿڸһӣѪʱʳһƺߣҪѳǵİΧȦȻλϵᣬৼȥЩҪС
¶˾ֵɫͻȻһеĺкɨһȦʱȻЩȫסˡ
̫ңȻҲܣֻʱ˱ܣΧȦһ㣬Ȼȴ˻ᣬ˼гһָԶͻȻ˺¡¡ˮ֮


2285 ӭʥ
¡¡ˮ֮쳹ʣʱ˵Ŀ⣬һɽͷͻȻһ޴ˮȻ󻮹һĻȣ
еǰѺܹ֮еˮ֮Ԫأͨнˮϳɸ״ܹγһıˣһУںҶȵʱʶ
Ǽ塱ֱĵˮˣ֪ʲôҺͰչܿͷӦ˹ǱǸˣҪŴеĽ࣬ҺͰչûͣЪֱǰ򣬳ɱ˹ȥһⱲӶûгԹôĿһؿڴ˺ۣѪ߰ߣҺͰչɱȥʱûлţǳЦһұ㿴ͻȻٴһеĺٴγߺݺݵһǽУһ棬ɲǼ䣬ˮ˱ӣǧϰ٣ҺХ
ⳡ棬ŵҵһæǬ˱ͭǮ˹ȥ
ͭǮһҴóʩչ˱ͭǮͭǮҲգۼĹѳͭǮƺƵĳӺȻײ˹ȥ
뵶˪ǿײһ𣬺Ȼ죬Ⲧ䶨һٴӣ͵Ϯİչ˹ȥ
չŵҲǽŲһ٣ȻɫķŻ𾫳һģһޱȵĳɫ籡Ǵıȫջ
ʱǵˮߺݺݵҳͷһˮĻգûұоȵˮ
Ҵ߶ٰ˲֮ǰ˴һ㿪
żٰ˲Ѿ˼ʮ׿⣬չ塱ֱϵȻҲ֪˿֣æһԶܡ
˸ոɢˮ˼ˮû֮ǰѾһĴ飬Ǳȫ˵״ȻʮߴɵıˣӨ͸ɢ˿˿߳ײ
ǶϷҪéɽ˶ɱĸɸɾźУ߶ʮ˳߳ɱǱ߶֮ʱо涼΢΢ζ죬ٶȴһҲ
Щˣһʱ޲ߣ׷׺˲ѡ
ϣʱͷ֮ͻȻĺϣһƴˮķٵƮ˹ҰһţĳƵ˻֮
һʼΪһײˣܿͱҷ뷨һֻ֮ţе졣
ڲϺ˵ͬʱ׷̧ͷϿȥҴʱͻȻ뵽˶ʦ֣һԸЩ˻Ǻһ׵ġ
뵽ұ㽫ʦִǬ˱˳Щ˵ķһףʦֻһڣʱӭҶı˳ײ˹ȥ
ĹƬԽԽҼſŰһƵţУȻһɢŽȻǺ֮ѳһԾ¡
˵ţĽզôϤʵǸţУҪţĽӻֺ࣬éɽɽ޽뷢ġ
һéɽΣ֮ʱǽéɽ
˵éɽʱ򣬹ͬޡ
˿һ֣ףɽҰʱΪ֮һϣ׷׳Ž߿˹
ǽҲ˼ƫУҵһ࣬һ˫ɫĴ۾ôվǰûһȴ֣ǽɫۼףâӲӣֱ۾ʵˡ
Ȼޣ˭˹ƶҪľ
ǽ֮Ĵɨһս֣һ˫޴ɫ۾ת£Ƕˮ
éɽЩһˣʱȫӭʥ𡣡
벢ᣬǳ߻˹ôһԴҵǰЩˣҲǵһμҲû˸оô㤡
Դ˹¶Ҹ첲ֺüȦñӻϲ£Ūһˮ
һôͷ֪·æıӣڨڨЦ㡭ãѣּˡ
⻰һ˵꣬ԦǼеһ˶ʦֵķ򣬳߿񱼶
ʱǽҲо˺жһ˫۶ʱ¶˲õɫæתȥ


2286 ȱһͷ
ӴһΣƶȻ˼£ʱǾ޴ıѾŽ벻ԶˣԼʮ׵ľ롣
ʱ򣬵ǽͻȻһſڣǱһˮñǾ޴˵ϣҲ֪ǽĶôôˮ
Ǳ˱ˮ֮˲ɱǽԭأ긽ıˣζž޴ȴ޷ֺ
ʱֱָıˣһŽ߷ӵ
ŭˣԭԾ˼£ۿı˿ҪǰʱǽͻȻ췢һŭ֮
Ȼ׵ôһվ߲Զңһ£ûֱԵڵϣʱһΣֻԴ죬񶼿ʼĻɢˡ
߽ʱ򣬲ŷʮ߱ıˣѾһ޺䣬һصıӡ
ţ̫ǿˣһ𣬾ȻýЩ޴ı˸ķ顣
һУе꼰㣬Ǵ˿վߵһͨˣҪһľϣѪɡ
ΪˣҲĻѪҺڣͷĿѣŲȡ
éɽǱЩΪ͵ĵӣֱӱŵſ˵ϡ
һصǱߵʲôֶĶҲĿڱѪԵڵأ֪
ǧǮλʦүһͬޣһéɽɽ޽룬һ쭣̫ˣС
ʱչҲŵȽŷǶųŲ˹ɥССŸ硭ʲô̫ˡ
£Լˣéɽɽ޽룬Ҷһˣһֶһð֡Ҹչ
չ´ǽһۣݺһĭ֮Ǿη
ʱվڲԶһ¾±ˣԼˮʮˣҪţһˡ
ҲǹߵģˮǽϢǸɽеˮôˮ˺һ±㽫ˡ
ʱ϶˯㣬Ū֮󣬿϶ˣĸɵȣ̫ͷ϶ˮҵˮǻˣУ۵ĳȻ󣬽ˡ
һ޳һȫ˶ͣеĶ׷׳Ž߿
ǰƴĵɣҲæ۷˻ϻ̳ϿֵĳŽƵЩûбɱëʬҲڵһ
ʥߣéɽϻ̳Ͽ֣ʥϢŭһ֣ԴǾη˵
ǽһ˫ɫĴ۾ŵɿһۣ΢΢ͷղŶҵǷȵӵȻ޴棬һĪϣӿ
󣬽ȣζһӲӵۼףŰǶӻ˹ȥÿǰһһصЩ˱һ
һֻӴޱȣɢĪϵǰκ˶᲻ʲô
ǰǱȴûκζĸ̧ŽӵĹҲ˿ûܵӰ죬ɰȵվһͺһ㡣
Ƕӻжʮ׵ʱ򣬽Ǹܵһɴֲǽӵķ˹ʱŵĻһ֫أǽӵķ򷢳һ޺
һΣ˶׼æסԼĶ䣬ŴͣûֲܵХ˺ǸоѪҺٴη
һһ쫷糯ŰյǶϯȥ
ǽӲϵĻζɣͼȥ﾿ʲôˣȻͿ
Щ˼걾é˵éɽ֮ϵһɽ֮УܾһֻϹ޽룬ǵéɽܻ쳣һǲͬ죬ҲաȱһͷݣڱɡǱߴ˰ɭɭЦ
꣬һôĿ뽵룬ΪԼݣ޿éɽɽޣɽܾ֮ǧϣéɽ빧мӣһ㣬˵ֻ赭дһֻèһ㣬̽ȡ
ޣӦ˴治ĻʱŭһһſڣŰյǶӵķһھ޴ˮ
ʱǽһֻɫֱٴ̽˳˳ƱһſֲˮĽϣˮʱ˱𴦣涼һӡ


2287 
ֻһָоâž޴ˮǷǣ֮£ʱõȥ˱𴦣ԶһƬƽֱӻһӣԶľʯˮҲĴ
ǰսһˮʱָڰ֮УɱٴȥʱǱ߾Ȼһ޴ıһصǰ̵ı־
ǿֶΣǰҲܹ׾ٵĻˮͥŲȻ˼ˮŪһ״
ɼжôϲһʱ򣬱Ϊа̵ı־
ԼĽ׾ٵı㻯ǽһصǱߵ˶ʱһŵĴЦڳʲôéɽʥ룬ҲˣԼĽţȣ÷ѶôĹ򣬱롣
գһصϵĴڣΪ˳ǿֶΣŻô˵߸Ը׷ң߹
ŰղԺаԵԴѧһЩֶΣһУЩǱ
éɽߣ֮⣬ЩȻʧ䣬ǽҲκβգ˱һĴڣֻתʮò׵ʮүǸɱˣ˼꣬ҵһӵж¯֮Ӥٴνʬ˵ʮһΣǴޱߵĳǿ߻عģ϶Ҫ췭ظѪɺӣõ꽫̸Щȫŭ֮¡
ڰҲʲô̫˻вҲЩʧ䣬꣬ʲô˲ܹոأ
һֱŵûˡ
ǽһˮ޷˰գŭѣǿ֮вϵɫˮһ˫ɫ۾ͻȻˣֻţӣͣŵ棬׷ɣƬ̣ҿǽͻȻһģǽɫۼ֮ϾȻڶ𣬱ǿ֮ҲˮǻɫĻ棬һ޺ǽ볯ŰǱһž޴ĻǵأȥڲԶǶʱһڸ˹ʼļ
ȥ뾹ȻԿˮлޣĻ棬֮ʯͷջˣƾݶԿȶʦһԪ֮
ǶʦԪҲȭͷСǻĻϯأܣԲǶʦ˵ܹģۿǻϾҪϯǰɫĽԱߵʱ򣬰Щ˶ʱһ׷ŵĺ˲ѣ˵ϣֻ˲䣬˾ͱջˣͷӶûС
ȻڴʱĿ֮£ǸӣͻȻƿˣȻһ¶˳һӰ˲ӭǽĻȥ
̫ˣͲ׽Ӱձ¶
ҿյʱвȻȵŴͣǴ˵ħһĴڣҲֻһʮ꣬ţһͷûУӲߣһ£ѩʮ־£ĵ̹֣֮覣һޱȵִ꣬һ˿Ů˵ģһүǣǰտһۣҲȻĶ굽Ů
һĴڣôгˣÿļֱͲˡ
ճ֮ӭײıǽ³Ļ棬ŹֵǣۿǻҪڰϵʱаײĵطͻȻȻֹ
ǻ಻ϯڲѣվǰվǴһ˿ϷŰͳЦ⣬ǿ֮վǰҲñˣǰȴȻ
Ǻη֮ɫջ˽ŲŽ뻺˹ȥÿһǲ˵Ĵʱİա
ҷ֣ղûдЬӣŽѾǽѾҲʮ覣һȾҲɢһɴޱȵİ׹⡣
ÿǰһǽĻϼ֣۽ηŭ첱Ӵ֣ǻշֺ
Ȼ䣬Ž뻹ҵľʱǰһΣͻȻǽϣ˫ץס˽Դϵһ˫ǣҪѱ޽롣
éɽôˣɶˣҲֻ̽һֻĳ֣űƳյ


2288 Ⱥ
Ȼ֮Գ벢ΪһֶֻԸ룬뽫Լ£ΪԼݣԲ¶ıĿʰ롣
˵һΣһǽϣʼʰȻ
Ҫéɽʥ𣡡ɴһеĳһΣһĞųŰյķ׷˹ȥ
ȻǽϹޣ˵ҪѱɵĸѱģϾ꣬Ҳéɽ޸ƷģһſǽϣǽʱĴͻһϻڣһɱһֳŲԶɽʯ׷ײȥֱײǾʯɣľ𣬵ǰȴǹƤҩһǽϣ޷˦ѣǽ뷢Щߺ֮⣬εضֱȻȻ£ˣǰջǲһĴЦ֮޲ڵϹޣԱңѱϲӣԽԽҪѱⶫҪɱݡ
ǵɳɱȥŰǱ˵ֻǰһֻѱͷ룬ɾһĽȫ赭дĸ˳ȥǽأƮ
ȥ˵пܱոѱ
ֶŰԣ걻éɽѱֻéɽΪˣսˣĳûƢǰΪ
ѱһ޷ѱ룬Ľܱܿǽ
뵽вһǣǺã
飬ɸ꣬éɽһصЩҲûţٴκݺݵײһ
ʱҲŷӦţǰҪշ룬϶һʱɲˣԱ߻еɴܣЩССģ϶ҲţߣҵĽҲûκôʵǰﲻʲôæҲǵսȦеĵУֻеɲһЩá
ҵĿڳпʼѰӰ
ûҵʲôطȻ䣬ͷ֮Ϸˡ¡һ죬ŵһһ̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ͷ֮ȻܲҲʼŰ
һצ绮ҹգ㻩µĲͣ
ǳٳȴ׺Ƭ֮ҲͻȻطػéɽķ磬֮صڣҪػĵط
뵽æͷһҵǼ塱ֱʦүһΣ㵽һ࣬ϹϾ˵λʦүܷһæ
Сӣлֱ˵ͺãⶼʲôʱˣʦүܰﵽģǿ϶ܾ㡣һʦү
һڽף˴ڣ϶зǳܵķ׿ֽ޷뼸λʦүҿ
Ǽʦү˴˿һۣɫЩԾһλʦүòʦܵһͽܣСӣн֮ܣѵܼҶɵĺˣ
ܼҺˣͷ㾰Ǵ˸ģ뼸λʦүϽ֣ʱ˫ûȫսһ׻ܷһЩáҵ
¶ֻéɽƽ̲а취ȥСأϽй總ķһʦү
ڣվĲԶܿ㵽ߣ߿һۣмĵ˵ͷҿڣһʦүתҵԸ
˲ûж룬ֱѡǣϾéɽ֮ʣܹվһ߸˲ࡣ֮ǰһֱ鶼
˼һָΧĞųֻ΢΢һһε뿪
ոʧͷ֮Ͻűһ֮Ȼһ羶ֱһǸط˹ȥ
ҹ磬֮䣬ǵأ϶һǹǽ֮ϡ
ҵĿ⿴һǱߵʱ򣬵һױ㳯һصȺ֮к
¡һ죬һĿǰһٶ׵ĵط׷ɣȻּʮ˱գ֮䣬֫ϱĴ衣
һЩƤ׵Ĺͷм䣬ǵƤٽʵҲס׵ĺƺ
ĺʱһһصߵ˱Ȼӡ


2289 
һĽľǧʼéɽȺܡ
ΨһϧǣһβܳŰǱߴȥˣΪմ˿ڸǽһԱ߻һéɽĵɣһ׹ȥһ˭
ǰĴڣãףһκε
ԽǿʩչֶΣԽľѣԽǾɲ⣬޷ó֮һֱһࡣ
һǱߣлкڸϹ̣Ӧòʲôء
ڣһĹǣ϶һŵӦʲôط
һһصǱʧʮˣ׺ĵطʱһƬһԲ׵ĴӣڴӵΧɢһƬ֫ϱۣЩƤ׵ļһƤҲܲסˣ׸մˡ
һصЩ˶ʱֲ̿ͷ磬ƺ޿ɵֵĽࡣ
Щһص˻ûзӦʱ򣬽һצһΣһصȺ֮Уһ޴ĺмʮɥ񱩵֮¡
ֽ࣬һȫŵȫһصЩ˲඼ñ׸ɱɾˡ
һصǱߵ˳ױŻˣ޵ֲ̿ѡ
ʱ򣬲֪һһһˣȥéɽ˻һǱ߾Ͳˡ
˵Щ죬ѭȥܿͿһϤӰ˵éɽͽˣһͲһͽȻû
ղһңҸûע⵽Ӱִ֪ʲôطð˳
ĻܹãʱЩһصļһʼƴĳéɽЩ˳ɱ˹ȥéɽǱ˰ҵľ룬ķΧ֮ˣǲܽЩǵطéɽΪҪڡ
ܺˣΨ
ֻǲЩȫéɽǱߵײһ𣬽һȺ֮Уһʱ䣬һصǱֿʼ
һص˱éɽǱ߷ӵȥܿǱ߾͵ȻһգֻǻһЩŅ̀ŽӵǼˣʼգǶһվ׺ҲûκεıʾһȻɣ⼸һˡ
Ϊ˻һصٴθéɽ˽֣׺һصǱ߶һҵӣ滹Զéɽߵġ
ʤϡ
룬һĵĵ׿϶Ǽ̧ӵĹ˰ɣ
⼸һ̫ˣ֪ʲôͷ̧ܹӣǿ϶ʲô򵥵Ľɫ
¹Щһɶһ˵
ϣһǸһ㣬ʱ򣬴һǸڣʱһ׳˹εĿĸ̧ŽӵĹˡ
Ǽֵ֮䣬һսϵޱĬʱĹ۵㶼ࡣ
һǵ׹˲ҪǶӵʱ
ͻȻŭһõһΡ
˵⻰ǰգҳǱ߿ȥʱ򣬷ǲĽϣһӣָ絶ָ׵ķ׶ʱһƫǽʮ׿ĵط֮䣬ĵǡ
һ̣ͻȻһΣһǽԴϣ͵һȣǽ㷢һҺڵأɳһӣҪסȥ·˫ָʮѷ絶ȫŵɴ˹ȥ˼һæңòײŽЩ絶һһ⡣
Ҿ°ͶҪǣǰվȻ̤Ƽһ㣬ֱƮɵǰɫӵԱߣƮȻ£·һ㣬̫ôˣպһ
ʱǰտޱȵϣͻȻֳһ˿֮ᷳɫҡҡͷ˵桭桭ѾˣҪɱʱˡ
ڰ˵仰ʱͷ֮϶ʱַһ޴ĺ֮һ׳һǱ߹ȥ
յĿһתһǸطȥ΢΢һ˿Ц⣺СС󱲣С׶ѣһѵ𣿡
һ䣬һһױ㳯ŰյȻ
ȥ
ղܣһþվŵǸطҲ°ǲҪˣ
Ǿףܹܵס
һŰ̴ӰվŵǸطһĻһѪ


2290 ˭Һ
һǵ׺ʱ򣬰վһûӲĳһһףΪὫ׽𴦣ֱףôҲû뵽վȻ쵽ԼȥӲסһס
̫̬꣬ˡ
ǵڰ֮аɫ֣ɢȥ֮ҳŰտȥ˿δ𣬲ûκˣһ˿Ц⡣
һĵϹݺύſ˫ۣһʮܵģз紵֮꣬һûմϣϵ·ɽѩҲ֪һġ
ʮΪ޷һִڡ
ţף׷׳ŰϺȻ£վһ׵ĺݺύӵĿ񱩣ſֵĸ⣬ȫһģ
éɽһصЩƴɱҴ˿ȴվһ۾ĶŲԶİգ𾪵嶼΢΢
ǵģǿ޷սʤ˸о
ڵңѾΪ۷ˡ
һܹôƵֶνסһһףǾԲܽסڶ
գۼĹȫ˰յϣֱھŵ׳ŰϺȻµʱ򣬰ıͻȻһ࣬ٴγһǱߵĿȥһ³֣Ӵһ㴫ҵĶ
˵
Ȼǵھŵ׼ϵʱָһָ׶ʱı˹켣ֱӳһǱߺ˹ȥ
ǵھŵ׵Ĵ󣬵ҷӦͷȥʱ򣬾ֻһһǸطһСɽ౻һ׸ƽˣ޴ʯͷɽϲϵĹźԶұ˺¡¡ʯͷ
ҿһĻʱжʱһҲǡˡһʱһƬհס
ǵھŵֱӱոı˹켣ǣһǱߣ͵һ䵽ԼǱߡ
Ǳ߲һϻɣܹס
Ȼܣ
һ뵽һƬ
˻᲻ȫ
һٴη
ϻ
չڿǵǱ֮󣬾ֵĴһһеĳһǱ߿񱼶ȥϻĹϵãܹܵס
үģ
ת˽꣬תͷٴο˰գƺʼնûע⵽Сɫǵ֮ݺҲʧˣϿʼһɱɫ
ˡˣЩƣˣȰéɽɱ⣬ȥһߣǡæЦһĿ˲Զĵϡ
һѺâĳڵɵһ࣬վֻéɽɽ޽롣
ʱĽ룬ϵۼ׶˺üƬԵЩǱڣյĿⶼ¶˼η֮ɫǳŰ˳Ƶĵͺ
벢ûڰ֮¡
ΪãǾֻ飬֮һ˽ɣҴӦȫʬտ˵
գԹаѹǺŲƶɱ㣬ȻĻ飬óŭ
ЦһЦЦ˺һЩϷŰſ˵Щ޷˰ˣаʤһƨϣֻǿ߲վ壬ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬼аģҲ˵ģȻҲ˵аģû˭˭ֻǿ֣֮Ҫңұ죬Ҫңұأ˭ҺΣ
˵ͻȻԤ׵ı㶯ˣһΣӻһӰ㳯ŵɱǵɺеĳ㳯Űն䣬ҾֻһӰڵ߻ƣۻңԿסֲֶΡ
һ̣Ҳ˵ʱ飬һͷһһղƽɽͷֻͷŰպ͵ɵķһۣͻȻбηˡ
ΪѾһǾǷŭɱҺüֵܣҪðѪծѪҪɱ
㺸ȾңĪŭһ˽꣬һб㳯Űճ˹ȥֻǲҿ߱㴫ˡ顱һ죬ӭһ׹⳯˹Ұһƺߡ


2291 汲Ϊ
ʶ䣬һ֣㽫ǵɫӰ˻УΪǵ׹⳯ײʱԼֱܹéɽĵڤ
ֻһ֣̽ͺˣմɹĵɣһʻĴ󿨳ӭײ˹Һãڹؼʱ̣˶תǬƣ󲿷ֵתƵ˵֮ϣˣҺ͵ɵ˫ڵ֮ϻʮ׵ľ룬ǵϱǵ˫Ȼ˰׶Ĺֳ
ԼãյΪжô졣
Һ͵ͣʱҸоһĹͷܶҪɢˣʹ쳣
һеĵӷ΢΢սһ˵ɣʦ桭˼û¶ɣ
̾ϢһϵаɫתӦˣȥʱ򣬷ڽɫѪҺʳ
ɵѪͨ˶һǵѪȻǽɫģһ߶֪Ϊﵽ˵ɵľ֮ѪҺɫɫԽ˵ɵĴڣѪɫͻɽɫ
ⱲӻͷһοɵѪҺҲǿ۽ˡ
ļһȻɶѪˡ
ڤҵĶ֣һεĻᣬ㻹ĵɣɿéɽ߸ϣ㲻ϧֻн⽫ĵиˣĻᶼûСϷŰЦٴλ˹
ڤƿңЩ˵ӡƶ֪ҵĺˣҲ֪һƬ⣬ֻǰֲֿĴڣ治ԵģϽ߰ɡ뿪ٲ߾ûлˣƶҲס೤ʱ䣬ϽߡߵԽԶԽá
ʦүҲߣɱҵֵܣҪΪǱ𣡡ҳ
ƶĶ֣޷ѣӣƶһȰϽߣлĻᣬ죬éɽҪˣҲéɽѪӳȥҲΪéɽһЩ߰ɣ˵ţɳһѣʱĵѾЩˣҸоѾû˻ȥ԰յʱѾĴܸУǾ
ǰԽԽЦ˵ߣߣéɽлڣܻ뿪ҲӲġһЦ
κİεضһ⣬ٴɱһҧֱӾ˽꣬˻ǰյķݺһ
үģӸƴˣ
ֻһȥֱ֮Ӿ˿գǰһΣǰվ͵Һ͵ɵߣ಻׵ľ룬ջҪֵʱֻͻȻһ౼˹ζ˶ԴݺݵĳŰײ˹ǽٶȺܿ죬յ϶ʱֳһ˿ŭɫȵӲȻշ㣬Ǿɡ
˵ţվȻ˶ԸҺ͵ɣһֱץסײĽĽǣȻһȣȻǽӴ
ȥ
һʮ꺢ͯģȽʮεĽվ𣬾ͺһСһͷⳡʵǾס
㣬ǰջԼٶȣŽϺݺһţ뷢һƺһڵ˳ȥ
Ҫʥ𣡡ڻһһ㳯Űؿڴȥ
һΣղܣֱ֣һ½еĽץסˣǽ֮ϴһȴôȻҿյ΢΢̣¶˲̵Цһֻǰһƣһһ´˵ɵؿڣһν˳ȥ
ǵɱɳȥ֮ڵϲ֪ǲнɫѪҺ
ʦ桭Ҿһŵɱ˹ȥǵɵƣؿ΢΢ǲҲ
ҿ˵һ룬Ŀ˰յϣݺݵĶ
ɡҲˡЦ
ƤһҵϣƺǸ֮ܵжŨŨ⣬ʼմһĨϷŰЦЩУĲһ㡣
ûƹңΪиֵһᣬҵʱϵ˿ϷŰıͻȻͲˣתĶ֮ɫ
ҵĺˣʵ
ҾҵĺˡҴӵվ˽꣬Ű߽
ʲôϵֵ
үҴ
ͻȻЦð汲ΪУ


2292 ɶ˻
аˣ˵ö֮УǴŭ
㳤ĸүĺ񰡣ղűΪΪȣֹүñķ٣շתһٶ꣬ҵһӵж¯֮ӤŽʬ꣬һٶ갡һٶܹ꣬ؼգˣӦ˵ͷϣСӣ˵ǲǰ˵
ν˭ͷϾ˭ͷϣҲһҪ㣬ղɱҼֵܣҪѪծѪŭ
۾ϸҿۣͻȻĴЦһЦһ㣬ᶼҪЦ˳һŵ˼˼Ǽ֪ߵغ֮ˣûмôſСӣ㻹һ֪֮ûаƾ΢ĩΪһָͷ㣬ǲţ
ҵȻţȻҪɱ㣬ɱң޷ֹҪɱ֮ģҳ
ãйСӣǳַɶ˻ľ񣬿㾫ɼεķݶϣУվһʲô¾ʩչ˵һëұ㲻й㻹κβҵĻҾҪɱ㣬ΣЦ˵
û뵽վȻ˽ףԣôռˣһвҵĻҹһ¾ͱˡ
¶ǧѷ꣬붼û룬ֱһڱӦ
£Ž꣬еĽ߸߾վվǰʮ׵ĵطһ΢Цſҡ
СŸ硭Ǹһ𡭡ҸҪ֣ͻȻˣһͷһȻǿգվҵߣǿ־Ŀһ۰ա
û뵽ʱˣӾȻеӴչȥա
ʲôϽߣòǡŭ
СŸ硭ҡǿſֵ
û˵꣬ұһȥһǻûлšȻ취뿪
ǿƺ뿪ҵһۣѾҲҪΪ룬Ͻ
ǿһӾ޵ӣ¶˵ֱյĸ첲һ֮ǰĵط񱼶ȥһǰһ߻ͷ߿
ǿ΢һٴתͷ˰ա
ǲǿԿʼˣնǿյȥϣֻǵĸ˵
ˣҵ
΢΢һЦ˫֣վһ
һͲаѾվһҾκβ
뵽һŭ𣬽žеĽ꣬һָֻüĴȡһξѪ뽣֮С
ұҪеǱȫӳͷҲҪ˵ʲôҲҪһյ档
߶ѪҵΪҪˣҲȥϧǼξѪ֮ȥ߶Ѫ֮ķֻ֮һĿģҪǰոɱˣɱˣСүҲҪϵһ
⾫Ѫ߶֮Ҹоһ죬еĽҲҵ˵еȫеĽ֮Уһȣͷųһл㾦һôɫӽ֮籡ֱŰյؿڴ˹ȥ
һȥǰһºǽҲܴһ
ȻۿһɫĹϾҪ򵽰ϵʱͻȻ䣬ͻȻһŻȫ֣һɫĹôǻ֮ϣʱһȭ޻һһϢܿ㱻仯ˣȻһûзһбˡ
һдȥ֮ҶʱԼûãڰǰһеŬԵǰ԰
Ȼǰʼȴûжûһ£㻯ҵ
Ҹéɽĵȣʵ࣬նԸɵʱ򣬻֣Ȼȴȥ
̫ˡȱеĻҪʲֻϧ򲻹ȵүǲ࡭յ
Ŀû˵
սֵһѾȥˣ㻹λᣬСӣúðŶʣµΣ㻹˵ҵĻǾڡЦ
˽꣬۾ɨŰգ룬һʲôǿֶܹԸ˰գûգУ
У˺ϴ辭ƸУʩչֶεʱ򣬻һ˭˭Ϊء


2293 죡
ҳƬ̣ܿ⣬жתǬƣֶôƺơ
һҽתǬƵͬʱ߶ƺʹƣ֮УֻҵΪĿǰ˵Ϊ֮Чİ취ˡ
뵽˫Ƶֶηӵ˼£ͬʱֽǴƸʩչ˳̺ⶼ߶˳ȫ˫֮ϣҷҵ˫Ƶ֮ǿ⸡һϸСĵعһж׼׵֮Ҿһеڵһٰ˲㵽ǰյߣǶתǬҲһҴ߶˫ơһ㳯Ű˹ȥ˫һԼз֮Ȼ¡
֮вǿһ±˰ٴ֮ϡ
һĳƵ΢΢һֱӱ߽ˣǰͻȻֱһǿȻ䳯ײ˹Ҹ޷ɢϢһºݺݵײϣӱɳȥʮ׿⡣
ڵϵʱ򣬾ؿЩƣͷЩ𣬾ȻǹϢײĲһѪ
ٴʱǰջվһǸղϣһûһСָͷûֻ̽ƾʵʵĞųҸ˳
һле˼ղűС㣬㻹ûиֶΣʩչɣ㻹һλᣬֵඡЦĺ̡ܲ
һ仰û˵ֻĿ
һˡ
һҲ˵ôȴҵĽǰյɱУͬʱ뵽ǣ˵˰գҾ϶Ҳô׷Źҡ
һƸ۵һУŰմ˿棬Сү͸һκݵġ
һҧֱӺġ
ʵһֱһУûʹù콣һС졣
ôֵΪǰûһ˾ž߽ʬеҾѾ߱ʩչһе
ܲУֻܿһˣһʩչܹ˰գ
ٴһ˼зӡԹһȫ˳ǵξѪĴ߶֮£ǿޱȵһӾͺȫˣҵ¶ʱһŨĺɫɷ֪ǲЩͣ߶һɲǼ䣬Ժ̱㸡ֳЩԩŭĻ棬һɱȻоֻһ֣Ǿɱ
ڲĶǰ龰ĨһƬѪɫһƬɫĹâ
ƬѪɫӵԹͷųħȾ£ǹɽɫĹâȻɵĻɽǴ
ӴศɣһͬҸȼˣȫ޾ע뵽˽֮У˼еĳָ˲죬Ĭһȵɡڡ죡
ĸֵʱһֱվڲԶޱȵİգϾȻֳһ˿ͻֵ̿ɫ
룬϶벻ڵΪǲܴ߶콣ھŽʽġ
ǰȴ֪һ飬ұǵ֮УȴӡӴޱȵһͷųҵΪ㲻ôˣӦֱһΡ
ˣһо֮ǰ˺ϴ辭ɵǾž߽ʬ˿ҲãٵıҵգȫеĽ֮С
ָ񷣬¡¡Ʒݺᡣ
еĽ֮ɫĹâûһҫۣ֮Ϸתһ״֣󣬴ӽ֮籡һɫĹâ
һҰ
̧ͷȥʱͷ֮ľͳһɫĳں֮зϵĹâɣµƣһС
צĳнǣ֮£ܿǲ֮ϸֱնȥ
Ҳ̧ͷϵɫĳɫһ˿֮̿⣬һѰζҲ֪Щʲôվһɫĳܿͳ
ʹ콣ھʽʱһЩµģԼû뵽ܹھŽʽʩչľɹˡ
⽣ʽʹ֮ͻȻ͸оҵǱͿһ㣬֫ٺһ֮Уӻ˼Σɵ˼Щ͵ڵء


2294 Ѿ
סΣŰǱ߿ȥʱ򣬾ֻһ޴ޱȵɫӰȻ˵ϣȻ֡һڿն𣬰ողվŵĵطѾһӣǰյȴˡ
̧ͷٳͷȥʱ򣬵ɫĳڰ֮зʱʱʱ֮
ϵЩˣȫ̧ͷ߸գһȫĿɿڴɫ
һɫĳȻ˰֮УҺǽһ졣
ǻĵͼڣһܵĴڣأֻǴ˵еĶ˭ۼأ
ڳ˶۽ˣļˣܼĲһһĻǣҲһ
еٴαǰһĻ𺳣ͣеĶ̧ͷͷһдľһ硣
Ҽ쳣ٴε΢΢
콣ĵھŸʽ죬ʩչ˳
û뵽һеǿһ֮ӡ⽣֮С
ֻǿһ̶ȣܼԦ꣬ҽˣˣ
ݵ֮Ҹо֮һȣůﵽ֫ٺȻ޾֮ߣĪǿ
Ȼ䣬ͻȻʶһ飬һֱӡڵ֮еԹͳ֮񲻼ˣɵǾž߽ʬҲȻһա
ʹһ֮Щͨͨʧˡ
ʱҲȻ侪ѣЩǲˣǱҵȫˡ
˵콣ĵھŽʽҵһƿþ޷ͻƣʱգʹһУѹŵȻ䱬ﵽҵҵĵ
˵Ҽʹ˺ϴ辭Ҳһ룬һ룬һ±ܽԷΪȫɡ
ζţҵΪͻƿ֮Ȼһ̨ףﵽһֲΡ
ڵңҲ֪ԼĶôǿ
ͻȻ𣬵ڶϻµ£콣ʱǿʯ֮ϣүһЩּ˵һͻ콣ĵھŽʽҵ˺ϴ辭ȻȻıڻͨҲõʩΪҲһ˲ͻͽ
ԭһжģ֮зӡҲġ
һʼΪڿЦôҲŽ֮Ļӡһֻ꣬ҵҲŽܷɳһ
ڶݵ֮ҵڿٵĻָӴ糱ˮһﵽҵƺܹҹͼ죬֮֮ߡ
ʱͷͻȻһЩ֮ȻһɫĹâ߿ٵķ˹һ±˽֮УеĽ΢΢һâת֮䣬ܿͻָƽ
׹׷ʲô飬ԶͻȻһɫδ˵ϡ
ҳǱ߿ȥʱ򣬵Ӱ֮ľȻǰա
ûбɱҲû֮ǰֹ°ϷŰɫһɫĳҲĲƲһ졣
İտ϶ҽ֮зӡݺݸһܣ겻УӵҵĽ֮жʱİҲûմ̫ıˣҪȻҲЩǱģ
ڵϵİգԹĶңڵϺһϢ˼£ȻŻվ˹
뵱ꡭ꽫ˣҪȻҵķҲᱻôּһ統ǰǿ
˵ţ˹ԽԽ
գѹѾˡ˽꣬˰˵
ǰû뵽΢ΪȻܹʩչ콣ĵھŽʽֱҲ׹дֲĴڣ֮ԱӣǰͣҰգƿ֪ʱͻƣԣǲӦøлҰһЦţһ߳ҲϿ
ǺǡͻƿԼŬθɣҵĿɱ㣬ǸлҲЦ
֮ǰӦ㣬ֻҪܹ֮˵ңұһڿˣҲɱ㡣յ
Ҫɱ㡣ҳ
ˡͶˣûп㡣֮ǰĳŵѾˣ뿪ˣԼԸ⣬ҪɱңҲŲɱһΣҽɱˣǾͲǱˣ˵ҲǣյٴθֳЦ
үģء


2295 һ
˵ѹҵĵв˵˰գҺ񻹽ˣӦ˵Ĳᣬ׻˵ĺãձ󣬰֮ƾŰΪҪŪңӦҲʲôرѵ顣
ΪûκεߣʵˣЩߵģղŵĳŵӦ֮һë뿪ˣȴûΪҿ֮ǰһĵھŵ׽һǱߣһСɽͷĨƽˣһǿĻСɱֵܣҪ쾭塣
ҲҲɵֻܲԼֵܱɱʵǿҲս˶ֵܣֵһ㣬˭ֵܣҾ͸˭ƴҲС
˵䣬ձͻȻ֣˫ͬʱʮѷ絶ƿ쳯ߴ˹
꣬˵ʹкûУտǹյġ
ҽŲһ㣬ٵƮ˳ȥͬʱջϣһǳɣգۼ㶨ˡ
ףٶô֮죿
ҵΪͻȻһָߵĲΣͻȻıʻһʱЩܲˡ
շϣһĵҵǰմķ絶һײ֮ϡ
Ϻܿ㱻߽ˣּ絶֮С
ʣļ絶ն˹̾еĽ꣬һ֮䣬㽫һǼǳҴķ絶˳ȥ
ȻÿһǷ絶أŽȫ𵴲ѣһǽЩҵķ絶ȫ˳ȥ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ֮ǰſǵЩ絶ͻȻһ¾ͷŻٶȣܹڼ̵ʱڲ׽Щ絶Ĺ켣Ӷֵ˳ȥ
龰лЩģôҲû뵽˿̵ҾȻֵܹסյķ絶Ǽ룬һΣֱɱҵǰ˫ֶʱӰϷճƵʱǿֲĞųһ㣬Ҹȥӣֻöٰ˲ֶζ
һҪŪңҵٰ˲˵ʲôҸոӰεĸ˹ȻһӰϴ˹
ҿһǶ㲻ȥˣһҧһģֱ˽꣬˫ŰȥѾģƴˣ˭˭˾һ
˫һøյ˫ײһθоӦòӭײ˴󿨳ײ˸ʻĴ𳵣˵һ죬ôһ˲䣬ƺԼͷѵ죬Ȼӱһڵ˳ȥһٷɳȥʮԶ
ڵϵʱ򣬻ѪҺͷһȣʱҲƲסһѪ˳
⻹ҽӴ֮󣬶һ˶תǬƵ£ǰնƴһƵĽǱһƾ͸ˡ
³һѪ֮ҴϢ˼ڣûдתǬƵֺֻ̧ˣʹ쳣ͷһֻѪ죬һعͷѾƤ¶˳νǲҲ̶á
ղĳٴ˹
ȻŪͣһǼ˽꣬ŵ棬ҡҡλεĴӵվ
վҲҪһ
̫ǿˣǱˣһ޷Եĸ߶ȡ
֮䣬վҵǰҵľ룬ɫص˵СӣеҪǿǿ֮㣬ȷҹĿ࿴үҲˣչϣ㻹ҪҵС
˵գͻȻ̧ƣ˹һƷ𣬷ӿǿĞųһҾҪȪˣһǾеĽŰմ˹ȥ
һ
Ȼ͵յּҵϵʱбͻȻһɫĹߴ˹յƻû䵽ҵϣǰһձ㲻ӰǵɫĹղŰվŵλãһ˹ȥʱһϱըһӡ
һ֪ʲô͸оһֻ֣һץסҵĸ첲һ̣ұʮ׿ĵطȣһ
תͷȥһλûмϵϹһѷһ΢ЦĿҡ
˭
ʱȥܹƵʱ򣬷ڳͻȻֳ˼ˣһҸүһѱҸүһ໹һϤףǻеʦ̨ɽסֻ۾ʦлһϵҲǴûм֪ǺҲ


2296 
Ҹүˣ˼ˣղŴյһ콣ǻ㾦ֶΣֶֻʩչҪǿ̫̫࣬һУڹؼʱ̾һո˳ȥ
Ҹү⼸ˣŰΧмλá
ǰб۾ɨһȦĿҸүϣһ˵ŵһϤϢǵǸӤɣ
ϷġҸү˵
ǧƣ뱾ͬھû뵽ȴһֻתȴ˰֮ã㣬Ҳôʱ䡣տҸү
ҲȡʬĻᣬӦúúϧһ˵ڣֻҪΪɶɶֳ飬ϷͲܲˣˣͬһΣϷҲϧҸү
ðǶˣһֱڵǣȫˣҲʡһȥǣÿԽһˡǰղ˵
ŰոҸү˵ҿߵϵʵλǰǡ
ϵٺһЦ˵Сӣ²ƶ˭
ҡҡͷܹ³ûҲû˵Ҳ²
ƶѣһѣаչģϸ롭ϵֵ
Ҷϵϸֿһۣϵ׷ͯգɷǣҶһҲǰչĳүүӢҼûô˾˭أ
Ȼչйϵǲǰչ̫ү
뵽æ˵˼ңѵǰչ̫ү
ϵҡҡͷЦ˵ԣ
Ҳ²˼Լ˵ɡε˵
ϵĻͦأʱˣҲգ˿ԵĿһصĽĴڰգ̸Ц
ϹЩ̫Ⱑ˰ˣҲ޷ƶΪɵʦչƶͽ֪˰ɣϵЦǺǵ˵
һٴδǰͷͿ϶ҪһϣҸүһչ˵ΪɵȷиʦүΪˣʮǰʧ伣ˣ֪ŸҸүһ㣬ԼһС󣬴УңȲѣҲ
˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩ֣ϲӡ
мҪ˵ЩʲôҸүѾս֣Ĵ
Ҹүһ֣еʦ۾ʦҲ֣ҲʶһϵҲһС
С˵ˣƶҪȥˡΪһеķһһը죬űսȦ֮Уĸһͬմ
֮ǰձ˵ǵڤ϶˹˹ˣֻϧеˣɱմˣҲҲոɵ
˵ΪҲ֪ҸүΪһʮĵģҼ˶֣ûгԹһڤ֮أɼܵʱ֮⡣
۾ʦķΪǸĪ⣬ΪˣҲǰչʦ棬ҲǸǿ
һϵұ㲻֪ǺҲˡ
ֻҪҸүѣܹμζԸյжΪ϶Ǵ˵ġ
򶷵ʱĹһۣѰһǵɵӰɻԭĵط֣һ
æŲŻʹ˹ȥ̽һıϢ˻š
Ǵ˼ŵҩͽ˵ɵٵĻָơ
ҩȥãɱתѣֻǿȥޱȡ
۾һȻңһȻӣʱʹ˼³һڽɫѪҺ
㡭ôûߣأɾֵʵ
أҸүͻ۾ʦˣһΪɵΪˡҵ
Щĳսֵпһۣһظһ㣬ˡ˾ͺáֻҪˣéɽ˵㲻
ʦ桭ܹĹգɻ
˵ʤ㻹Ǻܴģ۾ʦתߴεĻ𣬷ΪĪ⣬үţΪ϶Ҫƶ֮ϣΪˣԼԿɽɣһʦ
ɳ˵
ʣµǸϵ˭ҽסʵ
ǸˡӦɽӣƶҲ֮Եɵ


2297 ط
ɽӣ
ôôأ
ĺϸһ룬ʱһĴȣһ±㳶˿ڣ۵ǰһڣҪȥ
Ѿϵĸ첲ڻһعͷ¶档
֮˼ΪͻȻɽ˭ˣ˼ŵʦʦʹڸֶΣȻͻȻʧٲˣŵûټɽһ档
ǰŸΣȻɽӣɽˣ䵱ɽˣ䵱ɽţֻɢϲɽϴţʮʱΪǴɣᰮĴΣ䵱ɽ˶Ҳ١
ĵҲԼˣʦ˵ţϵϲĳһεɽǱ߷羰ãɽ´һʱ䣬ԼԼһŽɽӡ
ϵҲһˡ
ҼǵŻҹɽӣʱ룬ʱѾ߰ʮˣʦôҲһϣͲˣҴӰȥ٣ȥȥأ
ºˣ̤ЬٴȫѹԭӸҸүѣҪ֪һŸǰһء
ºˣҸүڣĸĸһˣͬԸգҲ֪мʤ㡣
ʱ򣬵Ѿ˵ϣʼˡ
Ƭ֮ͻȻЩֵĿһۣ˵ӣƶо֮ǰ̫һˡ
ȷǲһˣΪѾʩչ콣ĵھŽʽ˺ϴ辭ҲȫˣҽȫɾˣǾž߽ʬҲҸյˡ
£ҵͷղҸս֣Ҵ߶ѪȻ˵ھŽʽǽе֮ٻ˳񻹽ոˡ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ֲáֲá֮ǰү콣ĵھŽʽһƿһͻˣΪͻͽܹһ־硣
ǻǲãղҲոҸүǼʱϹĻƵ
ɳϿһۣæˣϽһ°ɡ
ղŵЩ£ʱϵȫʹͣղŸնƴһƣҵľܵصˣˣ⻹ǺõģûЩĻѾոһˣϣҲһŽ
ҧǿžٶץסֻϱۣһһקô͸ƤĶϹ¹λã۵Ҳûȥ
ִǬ˱óһЩɴ첲ϵ˿ڼ򵥰һ£ֻܻصҶȣѦС߰Ҵһˡ
ǰܻܲصȥһ¶أ
ʱͻȻԶһ˵
СŸ硭
̧ͷȥչһ˹ڰչ󣬻ǿգҲһ˲һ
Ǽ˲ĲǱˣһɺͻ
һǳм֣ղŰսһĵھŵתƵһǱߣֱӽһСɽͷƽˣһΪǵ׸أǻţֲأ
һ̣Ž꣬λƵĳǼǱ˹ȥܿߵһ
һϻԼɴ˿̿ʮǱһϻдСС˺ۣսһ㡣
ʱҿǿգЩõ˵ǿӣҲ˵ôֻˣ
СŸ硭Ҫģǻġǿ˵
ҿЩһЦ˵ҪһҪһǼֵܣûзֵܲܵ
ղŰսھŵ׺ǱߣΪǱ׸ɱأôģʳеʡ
ҽ׵ʱ򣬱ϷߣһֱܲøҲһĵֵãһ׺ɱʱ򣬻ּϽ𲧣ֵֵһҪطѾҵˡһ͵
ԭôһ¶Ҿ;˲׾͹ҵ
ܵʱ򣬴ɽϹʯͷǼȫˣҺòײŽǸһ˳ʱҲΪǹҵˡչµ˵
չСһڻһ߿ޣжôҰ


2298 Ĵ
үչһѻУһ˵ϡ
չүûôŪҰ˵
ˣҲʲôˣղڰɽʱ򣬿үˣеʦ۾ʦҲеλ֣һͬס˰գҲǿǼҿӦǳת˵ţ㳯Χյĸֿȥ
ĸΧŰմĻȡ
Ҹүõһѳǳ֮ҵĽһ㣬ɫĹâţʩչĽ콣ҸղŵʩչĽҪǿࡣ
һҪǿΪΪģΪԽߣ˵ʩչԽʵҲ̫׼ҸүΪжôһʼҾӦǱҪǿһЩԴϴΣб㽫Ǻˮʥ̵Ľէ³֮ͻȻ־ҸүΪôˣӦܹɵŰϲǣһصһҲҸүĶ֡
չʦүҲΪɵʦΪˣʹһѷ֮ƣ˵̺֮ķ֮Уÿһλ֮䣬ᷢըһ죬һɫâž죬ܹĳΪõӦԴзšΪչõţֻǰչΪôֶ֮𣬰չõǻ𾫳Ϊ˵ƾһѷз֮ƣǴִĵâ涼ըһӳЩ̾Ϊֹ
ΪõЩĽУһҲѷɫ콣
еʦ۾ʦղǵɸ˵ˣһֻתĸɮλɮûֱӸնֱ֣һط֮˫ֺʮһ飬˷𾭣˷Ğųȫмİϡ
۾ʦֶܹһЩΣ˼Ӧ÷𷨸ŰգΪȶ
۾ʦоֻӰ쵽˰һˣ˲ܵʲôţվڲԶֻܸܵһɷׯϣնϢƺƵĳ뵿
ǿķΪ۾ʦҼΪߵһλɮҺҲûмɮ˺ˮʥ̵Щɮ֮⡣
ʣµһɽˣŵʦϵõһѽǽޱȣÿһȥһʮӽ֮ϷŰȥ
⽣иǱͭǮ֮ͬȻҲҪȱͭǮǿ࣬ͭǮҪ÷Ϳھ߶ģǰֱʡЩ裬ÿȥһǴһ󲨽ȥʵֲ
ձĴ󳬼ΧоǵսЩ֣Ҹүʱκβ˰գǰҲĸմʲôˡ
ֵһ˵ǣһֱڵϣ𾭵Ļ۾ʦзĞųӵӴ죬ҷӰյϿһ˿ʹɫŴҪȥԸǲз𾭵Ļ۾ʦǶҸүλָסȥ·ܵ֡
ðձĸӿֶҲӵƵλˡ
ͻȻ䣬ҸоѾЩǿ֮ĩˣƺûеôǿҲǲսʤģڣҸүĸѾȵĽǰոסˡ
˿һս֣һɫȫ֮ɫܶ˶֪ЩͻȻðġ
ʱվԵİչЩɻʵСŸ硭ǸŷǰʶôôõķŸõЩƣΪɵ
չͻȻͻȻˣչ֪ʦү䣬ǰϲ
£ҿŰչЦ˵²Ǹ˭㻹кܴĹϵ
˭СŸ磬ӡչЩȻǲ³һЩʲôȷ
ʵǾʦүΪˡҵ
ɶСŸ磬ûҿЦɣչЩš
ٰղ˼׿ڸҵģǻм٣ҵ
ʦүүүʮ궼ûмʦүˣôͻȻͳҡһΪ˼Ͳءչ
СŵĸүӴǶһĳ֣϶ϵͱǼȵƸҲ˶١˵ţʦ۾ʦǱ߿ȥ۾ȻҲǴܴϻҲûмʦˡ


2299 ë
ϻ˵Ĳ׻˵ĺãһú˭ûмѣҺϻһֵܣҸүԼΪˣӦҲǺֵܣǻ۾ʦҾӦһϾֻĸɮͲٸҸүǳֵˡ
Ǽ˶ԸգЩСҲ岻֣ڵΪܹæֻϧˣһֱ۶ˣھ֪һƴĴ˶٣·ЩѾѾɲ϶óˡ
һɸҵ࣬˼ҹһʱǻˡ
ڵҸүռһЩϷ磬л۾ʦ˷ǳؼԵá
ڶԸյʱéɽһصЩҲƴɱڼ䣬вٵɼëʬûбշŵڰձҸүţ͸ӹ˲ǱˣߵҲ൱
棬Ҽ򵥷һ£ܿչǿӵǼ˹ȥҵǸӣһҪˣʵûץģǾֱŪéɽ֮ʼٸߣΪ¸ۣôɱ̫ϧˣéɽñǡ
չŷҵսɨһۣ˵ͷ˵ãһ˸׽ˣéɽҪǧˡ
˵ţչкǿӣǱ߿첽ȥ
ʱɨһսĴѰҢˣղһͨɱȫˣҲûй˵Ң˵٣ȥҢ˸éɽЩֻһڸһصЩƴ
ֿʼѰ٣ܿұϼһӰɱéɽ塱ֱϵţʱ塱ֱϵղ塱ֱϵˣֱֻϵԸԵЩΪ̡
ЩǵĿǱһۣͷһһǣһ˵ĲᣬϾղ˶ס˰ǣȥһס
ʱǼ˻ţұкǼ˵һŵɣҺϻȥԸǼλʦ濴ҪŲסˡ
֮ϻȥΪϻ˵ᣬһףľ޴󣬶ϻһۣˣ϶ǲٴ󶯸ɸˡ
ϻƨɣվϢƬ̣оӦûָһЩ±áҸһȥԸǸëӣ˵ҲᣬҪҸǼλһʰ
һУǶһ۰򣬽𣬻ܳŵסġҵ
ȥ㱻մһƣȻûгԾ
ҸղŸնֵʱûпʱӦǱʯͷ棬չء
ղҴ߶콣ĵھŽʽɹˣ˰աЩԺ˵
һ׷ײ˼ĿңһСŸ磬԰׶ûһзͰˣ
ëһйãٸҶֵʱҲһ͹ҵˡƵ
ϻߵߣҪһȥʰ˵ͻȻ䣬һֱڵϻĵվ˵Ǽ˵Ĳᣬƶȥɡ
һ㶣æʦ棬˼Ҳ˵ĲᣬЩСȥɡ
޷ƶô˵Ҳǵ֮壬ڳˣûôߣΪȷͣǿǶԸ˵ţ㻺Ǳ߶ȥ
·м۵ļһﳯŵȥһȥ㽫ӭļ˸նɱˡ
ɾǵɣ治Ǹǵġ
ָȷͦǿġ
Ҳ֪ģһЪϢƺҲָһЩֻϱ۲֮ܶ⣬֮Ѿʼ˲ˡ
ҪҪȥéɽЩˣʰɮʱͻȻ䣬ҸүͻȻһСţȥסǼë𣡲Ҫǹ
ë𣡣
ҸүĻҵĿһ£ëɲǷǼƷʬһֱȽʬҪĽʬ
Ҹүղ˵кüëҲ̫ˡ
ëأĴɨһۣûпë𣬱ʵ
̧ŽӵǼһүһ߸ƴһ߳ߴ
ȥԭŹߵǼһﾹȻĲˣë
֪飬ǽӷȥʱ򣬷ǼѾӷ˵ϣŰ߿񱼶ˡ
϶ǰЩŲסĴֵΧʼҪëæˡ


2300 
һֱҾ;ĸ̧ӵļһ࣬ӦʮֲֿĴڡ
Ϊ˼ı䶯ʱһص˶¶˻ֲ̿ɫĸ̧ŽӵļһȴһκӰ졣
ǵһ׽ʱ򣬺ɱ˲һصǼһҲǲվ˿һ㡣
ҪǸүңĸ̧ŽӵļһëҸ뵽ǻ˿ֲĴڡ
ëֶҲǽʬһֱ֣ʮֺĽʬˣүǱʬжëֽʬļҲ֮٣ֻ˵һʮֿԵĽʬһǳͻص㣬ܹӲ̣Ӳ̶ʮǿҵʬһëĴ⬣Ѿʨһϵëֻϵëëȥʮ
ֲãҪЩëߣΪǵĳ̫ͻһ۱Կһʮֿµа
ձҸү༸λָס޿κ֮£ֻЩëǹ֣ջȡ֮
ԣүҹȥסľë
ֻӣմˣһֱ۶ˣ༸ˣϻ֮⣬أֵܹסЩֲë
ǼȻүԸǶסҲҪӲͷƤϣҲûа취顣
λ֣òܹѹסʱİգľë˾֣֮Ժ͸ԶԸˡ
ԣǼ˼ƴҲҪס⼸ë
ëܵյٻ֮󣬱쳣꣬ǲĽʬǰģǿ񱼶֫岢ûһ˿Ӳȴ߱ʬе׺֮оڽʬ֮ϡ
ϻᣬһ֮ǰеϽһΣ㳯ŵȱһ߽ʬ˹ȥϽ𲧿ɽʯ׾٣ֱӱһë֮ϣ񱼲ֹǾëʱϽײһ򣬷Ե˵ϣܿٴ
ëϣһһеĽ꣬ʱһɫĹһëؿڡ
ԴΪͻƽ֮콣ʽҲ쳣ǿһл㾦ؿ֮ë𱻱ɳȥʮԶҲܿëؿһսĺۼð̡
ëѾҪǵߣһһն˹ȥǹǽʱһëĻһ
ǰдеǾë˺޷֮£ͻȻһ޺޺Ǽ˶ʱԴ죬һ˲䶼ʧˡ
û뵽ǣëһֻһ񣬺滹пֲɱУһ֮ϵͻȻӲ̳ϴ·ȫ͸ˣȫ޺ĿҪʱϵЩӲ̾ͻȻ˳ˡಡƿ죬ֶ
ȥ꣡Ҷʱŵȫëվ붯ٰ˲Щʱ򣬻ͻȻջϽ𲧣Ǽȫס˲ɣ赲סëǴӲ̶룬Ƿ΢΢ζɫĹâ֮ϸֳһźȻǱʬʴ¡
ëӲ̴ȻܹƻеķϣǼˣϻᣬҲֻӦΪʱ
еɫʼ࣬ʲô뾹Ȼܹƻ𷨡
Ļһ䣬һëһ𣬼ǸŷϣҲǼѪţĤ죬ǾëҲĶ̡
үġҶסˡ취ϻ
ڿë̵ʱұ˽꣬˼շ䣬ϵǵǰ
ϸոɣϻķϾͱǾëƻˣϽ𲧵Ľâһ˵ϣǸȫ֮ϡ
Ƕƻ˻еķ֮һƻϣղһ±ƻ˴롣
ӿֲǣëͬʱ˾޺ϵĶٴγ˳
꣬ѭ˭Ҳס
ûκΣֻٴշ䣬Ǽ˵ǰͬʱкиϽ㿪
һץסһһȥн˵˵ϡ
ȥǰ취ҲֻзʬܹԸ
ëϵĶļ죬Ҹҿ壬һǶ̱ŷҷҪɴ⬲ɡ


2301 Ѫͭ
ˣҪë𲻹һߣľߣľëĵ֮⣬ǻ߱һЩ̣ǽʬҪһЩû֮ϣΪѲԭ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôëˣֻҪһУϾͻ᳤һĳëǳëǿҵʬֻҪմȾһ̱Ⱦʬһܿ췢ʬ䡣
ղűľëȺǴ˶룬ƵǷ׷ǱӴܣЩƻҵϵͬʱѾٰ˲һ˼ʮ֮ĵطһطһƬضǣϵĻݲ˲ȾʬȻήȥ
Щ̫ѲˣǼȫˣ£ľëӦܹƽġ
ľëǼ˱֮󣬲ǳŰǱ߱˹ȥ
ǵҪĿ겢ŪǣҪϹȥŰΧǵĿġ
ôŵΪͨļһҲȫĵϸʮ㣬Լ޵еĴڣҪȻҲὫľëߣԱʱ֮衣
ľëŰֽһξ룬Ǹոն㿪һˣӲͷƤǰ˹ȥû취һǽ˾֣һ˶Ҫɱ⣬λּ͸ڲ֮䡣
ֻǼëܵٶȺܿ죬ҸҪٰ˲ëǰ棬ͻȻ䣬ɽͭ˳һҧ⣬ͭһѪ
ȥͭʱ֮ͭ϶ʱâ磬ǰ汼ܵľë˹ȥ
죡˻ߵĴһ
ǼȥǼëʱȴë֮ͭ󣬾Ȼıԭء
ȥһ½ľëȫסˣֶβνǿ
ͭϵĹâʱƵģҲֻܽЩëסӵʱ䡣
ʱǵ󲻵ãǴ˻ᣬǱҪס
£żٰ˲ЩëԴϴ˹ȥʬߴëԴ֮Щë϶ʱð˰ɫʬ׷׵˵ϣȥһëʱë𱻶ʱЧͻȻ͹ȥˣܵΣգʱһ˳ȥַһ޺ôҲëԵڵأѪҺĤ죬оԼҪһ㡣
޺ëϽſٵĳ˺о綾Ķ룬һӾϳ
ֻǲЩ볯ܱ俪ǻеϽ𲧳ëԴϴ˹ȥˡһ죬ë㱻ҵԵ˵ϣǹ߶ҷ˳ȥ
ʱҲſë®ɽĿĳëԴСһͷʨӣĿʮ־㤡
Ͻ𲧶ë𲢲һĿǿ
ܿ죬ëһΣٴε𣬲ëʱĶ룬ܵϽ𲧵Ļ֮ȫڣֺܿ
ʱһǹǽһ¾ëϣһëϵҿˣϣһʬ߱㳯ëԴϺݺȥ
һΣʬĩ˵СëͨԵ˵ϣϵʬҲð˳
һëոյڵϣղű÷ʬĵǼëʱӲѣۿҪӵϵ
һЩˡ
һ˺ҪŴˣҳ˴һ
Ȼ֪ҷŴʲô˼Ƕ˺ϴ辭⼸ëϵ
֮ǰ콣ͻ˵ھŲԵʣ˺ϴ辭ܹЩëϵȫɾȻˣΪ˵Եʶۿۡ
Ҳ֪˺ϴ辭ֲܹʲô̶ȡ
ȫ˵˰ȫΧ֮Ժұſһֻ֣һֱֻ̧ˣʱת˲һɿֲ֮Ͽٵ˳ȥĲݿήˣССʯͷ׷׷ѵ죬Ϊӷۣëով㱻˺ϴ辭֮סˣһȻ˺ϴ辭߶˼£ëʱһΣ߷˹
ղŻſڵϵֻëҲһͬҸ˹
ëм򵥵˼άģǸܵĿֲ֮׷׷˻֮ŬҪȥֻŲһᳯ߿Щë޷˺ϴ辭⣬ͻƴ֮״̬


2302 ʬ
˺ϴ辭Դݿ֮ƣܿסľë𣬾ŬҪӳ˺ϴ辭ĿƷΧ֮ڣŬҲ޷ӱһҿʵ
һΣ˺ϴ辭ʩչԸ֮ǰ̫һˣҸоɵٶȺͷΧֹҵһֱֻûжϵûƵĻӦøӵǿ
˺ϴ辭סЩëʱͻȻһƺߣæ֮УһͷȥſһѪӱֱͦͦԵȥ
ղ򢻭һȻҧ⣬һڷѪ֮ͭϣͭǿʢһʱͭһ˲䣬Ǽëԭؼӵʱ䡣
ֻмӵʱ䣬ȫԾǵ⼸ӵʱ䣬ȡ˽Ǽëɵʱ䣬ʬҲרŶԸЩʬȻ޷һɱȴܹһʱɥʧ֮һұгʱʹ˺ϴ辭ˡ
ˣ϶أոյڵϣкһ㱼˹ȥӵϲȴûκλӦǻѪ
һΣΪ⼸ë𣬿ǴѿģȻ
ȻʮֵɵİΣҲҹģܿ콫עеǰ⼸ëϡ
ЩëߣҲ֪յ״ʲôط޳Щ̥
֮ǰǺȵ飬ȻҲǰղ߻ģصҪ԰ĶԸéɽҸүǲéɽѾҪˡ
⼸ëʮҲԵʣ޷ȫ˺ϴ辭չ˳
кüΣ˺ϴ辭ϵʱЩë㿪ʼһëĽ𵴣죬ľëͬʱгǿֲɱҲֹϴ辭ֶΣӻΣЩ֧Ųס
ֻǲұҪӲͦȥҧҲҪͦסľëغ˵
ЩëͬʱҲʼͷԼɽһѹ
ͬʱҲϴ߶˺ϴ辭ȡ߶¡
ۿë϶Ҫˣл֣̿æһ֣һë˹һץסëĲӣ˺ϴ辭ѹ֮£ë𾡹ǿҲıİʱƣЩëķȶʼԽԽСгɳҲβʲô̫Ӱˡ
ߣڲЩëԵʣֿҲԽԽǿڸղŰնɵشҲ˲١
ֹ˼ӣеǾëϵĳëѾȥһƤɱ˵ģǰֱ˿ݹǣҷ
ǼëҲ׷ˣȫһѻҽ
̴Լ˼ʮӣҲ˺ϴ辭ɵĶʱһΡ
ɸɾЩë֮ҵĵûʲô֮УֻǾϵ澭һ飬֮ǰҲֲ˲١
һľëҵΪ϶Ҫٴࡣ
Щëȫɵ֮һʱˬ˶һֱЩ֮⣬Ķо
Ĺһۣҵ˻кһǿ첽˹ȥʵ˵Σ
Ǵ߶˾Ѫ˲ᣬղҲʧѪ࣬ǻصҶȣҲҪܳһʱָ
һ˵ţЩǵĳսǱ߿һۣ޵ǵ˵Ҳ֪ܻܲųȥٵһЩʱ䣬ϱۿǽӲˡ
һ˵飬Ҳҵǵ顣
£һͷһ۰ǱߣɱҸүΧڵУѾܵ˼ѹơ
ʱ򣬵ǰսһֵķӡЩǷڵзţһһƱ㳯ҸүǱ˹ȥ
һ֮У㸡ֳһ޴ӡΧĞųֱȼһɾ綼ε
ȥʲôѵǴ˵еĴ
ҸүһʩչһֲɱУʱŲһ棬ӵ˳ȥͻȻһΣ򿪵ķ϶Ҫȥ
ȻλϵϾ뿪Ϊ˵ķը죬סȥ·


2303 ּ
˿ЩסλָѹˣҪҸ
Ϊһ˦˼ըףҪסǰյȥ·ǰƺԤϣķ򲢲Ҫȥķ򣬽ֻһ£οٵһִһλͻΧ˳ȥΪ˴Ǽըףƽ֮ϣֱӱը˼ӳ
ʱһУȫҾ۵ףһҪӳʱҽһٰ˲ǰ棬Ȼֱһһл㾦㳯Űպմ˹ȥ
һ٣ֱ㳯Ҵ˼Ƿ絶һɫĹסˣһٵʱ䣬Ϊ˺˱׷ױһνյθм䡣
ЩԹĿһۣղҪҵһ£Ѿ˰ΧȦˣֱλ˸ԭء
Ҹүһ޴Ʒ֮ųƷķ˰յǸУּս֮С
ʱҸոɵľë澭ϴˢҵľƶǺ˴룬ֻϧֻϱ޷ַͨʽָġ
ͻȻһ󵨵뷨ǼĴֵӪ֮УһͬԸգܹðһЩǸɵΪ˿̵ΪڰǰҲǲһСɫ
ţһ㳯ŰǱ߱˹ȥ⼸λֵΪ̫ˣһĽǰһΪΪˣٶȿЩ岻֣ҲܹջҸӣ䲻ĳŰմһ
ͬʱһ߶˲ľ֮ԦľõϵĲľϣȥסյӣȻֶζڰ˵㲻ʲôǺܽЩϣҲܹðշֳһЩӦһѡ
Χյ˴ĸðոӼѣѾǱǸƣȫ·硣
ͻȻ;ãⲻһİҲˡ
иո뵽ЩǰͻȻһһֳֻǰɨһ£ʱһƤƷɶ𣬳Ҹүײ˹
үһл㾦㽫ǵƤķ飬Щڵ֮󣬹ͷˣһĵƤȻٵںһγһˣǷ׷׿񱼶
˫ҿһǼǵķ絶һӿһһɶɢ䣬ȻһˣһʱƺƵʮ˳߷ӵ
Щ˵ĹǶôǿ󣬾Ҷһһ
ֻ˵̫ˣҪȫɵҲҪһ־
ոֶ֮ⷬ󣬽ѰһӣҪٴܣǰֶΣʲôسɴ˵СƣֵһᣬҾͿһΣƾʧһ㣬֮䣬յξȻٴγԭء
ʱİҲЩ򾲣ֵ̿ĳڵϵĻ۾ʦһۣŭģͺ
ܿҾôһ¶ˣ֮ûܳɹΪǻ۾ʦһֱ÷𷨿ΧųԵʣߵĻᣬ԰ղŻԻ۾ʦ˷ߺޡ
Ҳ׵ǣΪʲôҪл۾ʦΪģѵ۾ʦһķŽĲɣ
޷ѵİѾʼķˣһһƵĳճȥȻһ޴ӡĴȥ
ʱҸүͻȻߺСšվλãҷסյ·ү취Ը
Ӧһ˵˸үղվλá
òҲ֪үǴŴгˣƴ֮ʱʯ֮пɥүһֱûлųгֻһӦʱ䣬ܹɱиͷų
Ȼү˳ȥ֮󣬺ܿ㽫е꽣ָף꽣ҵĽ࣬ɫĹâơ
үӿٵһȻдһ죡
ȥүҲһУղҶ÷ʱ򣬶ոˣ֪үһʲôĽ
꽣âȻһޱۻ֮𣬸ûκλʱ䣬һɫĹâգɫĹâԽԽҲһֻȥͷٻСһһ㲻ͬǣͷϾֻһǣһҲʮǿһ񷣬ǵӷ֮䣬תʵֲ


2304 ɱһ˾
ȥǸ֣̫ǿˣ֮Ϊһֵĸү治Ǹǵģһֱ֪ˣҽʩչʱҪһʱɣתϵģүֱӽеĹ̸ʡˣﶼֻǼǷʩչ˳һ֮ԾȻֱʡ
ֶΣֱӽҸɵˡ
ʩչһеʱʵлὫҸɵҳŵУЩдҲлʩչˣҪȻһǷ絶ҵɱ촦
үͲһˣƴʱʮ֮һ룬ǶҪ飬һֱƴүҲûлὫиʩչҸסһλ˻ᡣ
֮䣬Ӱ֮зתֱ£ֱӳ˵ϵİգǾ̫ˣ֮Ϸһ죬Ȼǰձʧˣ롱һٴڿն𣬽ո֮ϣһɫ䣬硣
֮꾿԰ʲôҲ֪ҲһҵĹ֮Ӱ֮з˳˸ү꽣֮УȻմӰ֮еͶء涼ҳһεĴӳ
ʱΪ˺ѾٴνոΧ
еǰѽͷ֮ϣƴҲǴ㶯ʲôеĽࡣ
ΪˣҲǸ߾ŷ׾֮һ˺üףȫķ֮ϣǰѷİѱ֮ݺᣬɢ˿ֲ
պһŴӵѩĳѾòѪΪյѪӦǽɫĻ߻ưɫȻǣ͸ͨһѪǺɫ
İտЩǱȴһ˿Ȼ֮С੹Цðһôඥ֣֮ǰûмģҹ͹ǡ
ӷ𡭡գسɷǱ㲻ԪΣڵϵĻ۾ʦ˰գһ˵ļơ
ǺǡҪɷɷˣõͺ߶߶ΪɱңֱһЦЦ
ͷˣôԼ˶ϰɡҳŰմ
һټʮǰҵУû뵽һٶ궼ȥˣȴҵˣЩԩ·խյ
գݵò񣬿У
ɽһȣͷϵǰѱʱŰմ˹ȥǰѳһɳããһƬԲʮ׵ľȫסˣôལ죬оǷɻ߷ɹһ
˶ֵʱΪҲеķŰŴ˼޴ޱȵ׵
󣬸ү߿һۣһһңȥס˰յȥ·Էһһȥ
޴Ľ󣬰յ¶֮ɫͻȻſ˫֣һϱһŰãã۳һ޴ϣ˦Žűֵָ죬һָֻ˵棬һޱȵƴɢ
֮䣬пֲŰ˹ȥ
ǿֲĽȻ£ײ۵֮ϣȻһ죬ضоΪ֮𶯣ʮֲֿ
Ϊ˷֮дҲŰյϺȻȥڰƺʲô̫˺һȻȫϣðյݺᣬĵعվһ㣬˿δ
Һ͸үۿžҪߵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һֱڵϵĻ۾ʦҲˣһӷȻ˫ۣһ֣һ鳯ŰǱ˦˹ȥ
һܿɢأԱÿһŷ鶼â磬֣ոΧ
Һ͸үһ۾ʦ֣ס˽Ųվ˰ղԶŵĿ
աຣޱ߻ͷǰڸ֮ģĿԶơ۾ʦƮ˹Ӵһ㡣
յѾҰףѪɫȴ¶һ˿Ц˵ġຣѾֻʮýʱգͺ𣿡
ӷ𡭡վִ̫ˣҷȱɱһ˾ˣıԴȱ֮ȥ˵ţ۾ʦ۾һһЩأԶ


2305 ֪֮־
һһŵķ飬ܹʮ˿ţÿһŶâɢױȵĻֺЩ֮⣬Ҳܹо̺֮ķҵɱ֮⡣
ھʱ򣬷ǲɱģҲ⣬԰ֳʱ򣬷ұΪֲֶԸǡ
˿̣һֱûʲô̫Ļ۾ʦڷųɱУֶһͷųʱѹȫҸүʩչ콣ֲֶ֮¶ԵЩȻʧɫ
ֻĸɮֶ̫ˡ
ʮ˿ŷ鷢֮ԽԽ󣬷ׯ֮ӻֺ롣
˴ֲʱϾҲֻһ˿ĳ벻мЦ
Ҹ벻ͨյΪʲôɫҪ۾ʦķʱϵĻֺ̿͵ǶʱȻ޴棬ֻʣ˲мڳ
еķ鶼Űϴȥʱ򣬰עǱ޿ɱܣΪôʱ۾ʦһֱϣΪ˱ǿưյΣѵġ
ĸӳ˵֮⣬ֱӾſ˫֣۾һɱ˴õģ
˲䣬ЩеķȫŰ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬еķ鶼Ȼ˰յϣǽӲӵĹâε۾Ƿһ춯صĺ죬ǿֲˣܹǴ˿̵ңҲǷ鱬Ѳ˴˺üҵ硣
ǽâٴγŰտȥʱվǧٿףѪ߰ߣɴ˿мЦݡ
ʱҸүе꽣һ˲㵽˺۵İߣһ˹ȥ
һþʹ˰յؿڣᴩ
վûҲûзΪ۾ʦķ˵̫ˡ
ǣû˵¡
һˣҲżٰ˲ȥĺ󱳣һ˹ȥĶ
ͬûյκη֮˳ѽ̴˰յĺģҲǹᴩ
סˣ꣬⴫˵вһİգȻһ˺ġ
ܹ
ѽסİգͦıֱһСӵģϵǹƣ¡
գһ֣һעҲҪսҵϡҸү˵
ǺǺǡһЦ˵ġΪƾЩ˾ܹɱң̫ˡ
ѵϾҪˣһ۾ʦҪסĻǣѹ̨ɽĴ֮£ĥɾͶ̥Ϊˣҵ˼ǽֱӴĻɢҲǱˡҸү
һȺȸ֪֮־̫ˣΪԶﵽֲΣԿĶǸڱ棬ֻܸǣ֮ǻģʱǽʶʲôĿֲǵųŭɡͻȻЦǲϵĻѪ
ôͷˣôϻСү·ҴһеĽദȻһ£ǰյһϡ顣
ʱ򣬰ͻȻعͷޱɭĿһۣǵѪһֱ˵ϡ
´ΡҲŹġСѡ
˵ţͱģҰײҰ׵ģһҲʵ
Ƭ̣ҸоǣյӾȻٵıһɫֽˣһɺɫϢֽ˵ϳ˷ͻȻǿ
±ˣ֪ʲô飬ղŻİգͻȻͻһֽˣҲͰˣֽ˻ٵȼ֮䣬ֽ˾ͱһѻҽ
ջǸֽȼմ֮󣬸ղŴֽϱĺɫϢȻǿڸéɽƴЩˣһ̱˵ֵŰǶɫĽӾ£ȥ
һֱڵϵĻ۾ʦҲȻվ۾ֲܻ̿Ŀȥ
ǹɰɫϢ˲㵽ǶɫӵԱߣҲǴҴҶȥһصĴŽԱ߾£
һжôȻ򣬾Ȱźõһ
ãǶӸˣ۾ʦһ㳯ǶɫĽӻȥ
ҸүΪǣҲٵĳǶɫĽӷȥ
ֻǵٶȻһЩȫȥǶɫĽͻȻһŻε۾İɫâܰ۾Ϲְ׹⣬æ͵ͷȥ
ҷӦͷȥʱǱѾʲôûˡ


2306 ʶֽ
Ϊһд󹦸ɣձǸɱ˵ʱͻȻһȫתˡ
ΪɱǰձˣȻ鲢ô򵥣ɱֻһֽˣѾ˻ҽ
ֽһְյʶ𣬳Ǹӵķ˹ȥ
Ȼһ׹գε˸۾ǹɰ׹ʱܹܵǰâ̺֮ĞųϢǿһƥ
ܹ۾ȥʱǶɫĽѾˣǰɫĽӲˣһص˶ӰЩڵʬ壬֤һص
һжǰźõģתʮ뷨ܹͨģоӦҲһ˼άܵһѷɫһͷԬ
ȻԬΪ޷ȣĻѾǿ࿴ĵز
һ̫죬ȥҲ죬ûһ˿˿ǰյͻȻʧ֮վȫһ±Ƶ״̬
Ҹүͻ۾ʦѾ˰ողǸӵԱߣ߶˼һʮأС˵Щʲô
Ƭ֮ҲŽ곯Ǳ˹ȥ
үղʲôղûɣɻ˵
үһۣ̾Ϣһûд𻰣Щȷǻ۾ʦ۾ʲô
үȻƺеʦл۾ʮֹһСڸкһ
Ҹȷһ飬Ҹүʶ۾ʦǰһݣҹϵӡ
۾ʦıҲʮأ̾Ϣһ˵Դӹյĵһ۵ʱ򣬱ѾЩ̫ˣһĴڣĶİһֱо𣬰˵յİյΪܽ˲ŶԡûиǾӵж¯֮ӤȫںϣҲԲ״̬
ǰտ϶ôƶûдŻȥˣ뵽ô׾͸ɵΪҲƵ
ƶãӦֽֽţƶ֪һʧܾõķţԽֽˣԼһʶע뵽ֽ֮ϣֽҲģ˸֮߳⣬ҪֽϲøķģԼʶע뵽ֽ֮ϵʱ򣬱Ѫ⣻Ȼֽ˴ǽעУŪһЩֽ˿ܣһаҪԼעֽ֮УҪǿΪΪ֧šؼǣԼʶע֮ΪۿۣҲѰһ붼ûС˸˵
Ϊһ˵Щ־һҲ˵Ȼֽ˲İգȴչֳ˰յΪΪ˲ǿ
ڰʩչһΪȴҪΪļ£ҪĴָ׾ٵ£
ҪŪңҲǶָͷ顣
һ뵽ҾͻҲ̫ôˡ
ȳˮγܹ֮ʲôĸֳҪΪԺ㣬ν֪֪ˣսҰģ϶дĵĽΣӡΪ̾Ϣ
Ϊϵ˵ûéɽһΣգЩضϼһǾͲòˣéɽĵһ棬éɽ涼˺ˣȻңҸүǵǵ˵
ջûĸǸ¯֮ӤںϣΪҲûȫָѾʼˣ֮ʣҪղڸҳǾ֣ȵָǿ״̬Ǽ͸ĶˣοǻҪڻĹٷ˳ˡΪֵ
ʱͻȻһˣλүӣ˵ĻĹٷĸ֣Ǵڵһүӣ
Ǽ˷׷׿ңҸүСӵΪȷʵûиտʸ񣬻ĹٷصĸĸڣΪ˵ĸ֮ϣټһģûӵĸڣҪˡ
бүӻĴڸ֣ǻ˭Ҷʱ±ˡ
Ҳ֪϶еģڼʮǰϽĹһλɨһеʱǼҲ͸λʵ൱ĹٷͻȻɳһϽǸָɱˣҲû˼еӣȷ˼ɵӰȥٵģ˭ûм˵ʲôϷžǻɱﵡүȻ


2307 ׽
ǼλֽתƵĴڵһϣҷѾԽԽˣ֪һ仰ʲôˣˣǰΪүүصĴñʮˣֱҸүҲ֪µһ֣Ȼ˰գҲ֪仹гһĴڡ
ǲǣ仹ܹԽգܹĺ޻֮ĸ˴أ
䣬˶΢糾һ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬ܹɱգҲ˵׼ġ
Խ˽ԽܹоԼС
ڸֵҲᣬЩϼһ˻۾ʦӾûڽ֮⣬ƶϹһֱӵ״̬ں͹ٷҲòʲôϵ浽һ̣ٷҲԲ֮һˣǱҲʲôùӳԣνݺ˵ǹٷһߣһΣǵʱҲȻ߾ȫΪ˵
ǲõģϷڳ͢ҸǴڵһҲЩ飬ʱ֪ͨһǣǳЩ֣ܲһȺϼһﵱڻҡҸү
һڵһͻȻүӺү飬֮ǰҸҸү仰ʱҸүЩʱˣҲˡ
ҸүĻλĬĬĵ˵ͷȻ۾ʦ㿴˿ղŰշǶɫӵĵطɻ󲻽˵ղŰյһʶֽ֮ѣ𣬱ǳǶɫĽӷɹģȻһصҲǾۼǶɫӵΧâһе˱㲻ˣǽҲûӰôһأ
Ȼ˵϶ǶɫӵԵʣǶɫӱһҲ˵ķƶδţһ½ô˸ˣĺܡ
ʵ˵Ҳܹӿ϶⡣
һﻹе·ȫˣܶӵôš
֮ʱͷҵǸԹ룬Щ
Ѿסˣ´ﻹŹҡ
˵飬չǿǱͻȻкһ
СŸ硭㶨ˣǻ׽ˣǿЩ˵
ҳǱ߿һۣչǿԼգѾ廨ѹ˹éɽǱߵ˱Щ£ںһصЩΪͻȻʧˣͻȻ˱׽飬ʱһǿǱ߿ȥ
ҿмϼϵ˳һ׺ݵĿ첽˵ķ˹ȥҪ˸ǧˡ
éɽ֮ѣȫΪ˶ҪéɽɽŴſҲһصô˳ֱ롣
ҾֵǣһصȫˣΪȴأ
Һܿף˵ʱܱչǿǸס޷ûüǶӵԱߣձǰˡ
˵Ҳǹߵģéɽ˼ʮԵףһ꣬һͷӣʱձŸéɽ˺һµˣ˼˸һصͰ˵ֻǵһӣˣû̫ļֵּĸ֣ܶӦöǣһ࣬һ٣ڿп޵Ľɫ
ֻҲǹĺģô˵Ҳͽܣˣк򣬿潫˸ӿˡ
˼ܣ֮ǰҪǣɵһֱ۱նϵģҸȻҲޡ
˵Щéɽ˶֮ǣҲȥ
ȻЩéɽ˳ȥҪ˶йߣͻȻ˴ס֣
һȵʮ㣬죬Щéɽ˶ʱȫס˽Ų׷תͷȥʱéɽĵڼ塱ֱֵϵéɽƽ˵˵Ĵӵ֮£˹ȥ
ɱéɽһĴڣû˸Ҳ˼ҵĻﻹ˸Ҷ֡
ǵߵ˵ǰ棬ֻǶһۣε̾Ϣһת˹
ǿͰչѺˣҲ߶
һߵǰǵɱ㹧ĳһ֣ޱ֣ص˵˴éɽѣƶлλȣƶéɽˣлλˡ


2308 ڤ
˵ţǵɱ㳯һأһ
ڳȫϻ̳Ͽ֣һСȥҳĴǰλɿүʦүҵʦ棬ǰȻ֮ǿǱ׼Ĵ治
ҸүλҲ׷ÿҸүæȥһѲס˵ɵĸ첲ֲ̿˵ʦ桭˼Ҳˣéɽ˵ҵڶңôĿżа¾ԮҲӦģⲻСҲô
̫ˣĴǿɳܲסǺϹֵܣҲȻߣһصҲа̣µűۣˣǰεҲ顣ҲЦǺǵ˵
ǡΪҲ͵
ӷ𡭡éɽǵͳִµ֮ţ棬һصа̿ͽ£̫ˡ۾ʦҲ
ģ́ͷ˻۾ʦ촽΢΢СʦҲˡתһٶˣӦýԵ˰ɣ
ӷ𡭡ޱߣĿջҲѰŰأʵڲ۾ʦ˫ֺʮͷ˵
ɾǵɣһ۱ܹƳǰλֻصĸɮڳˣܶ˶֪۾ʦݣ֮ǰҲֹཻܶ
ǲѡ
Ȧ˵Ҳ˵СҲСĸҲôˣǻʶҲΪ档
˺һǵɲһŭɫĿ˱չҲǿ廨ˣľ㶵վ۾һԲȲҲһͽ֮ģ
˴éɽ֮ѣéɽͽéɽɽŴéɽ֮أɵéɽһͬóķһֱר˿أû뵽յǳ˼ԵҲéɽʧְ֮˵ʵɶ̾Ϣ
ʦ桭һнǵӵĹвͽҲéɽ˾أƽ̵ʧְʦ𷣣˵ţéɽƽ̱㡰ͨһ˵ɵǰ
éɽ˽ѣƽ̵ĵȷѵΣɽŻһְҲһְŵģƶûмǴĻӦǡֱĵӰŵģéɽɽŴɽųϼӿܣԺҪĸˣΪְ࿴أԺҪɳһЩɽŴéɽɽŴéɽ湹ӴܣǰնܴԺɽ֮£ҪЩĲǣéɽи֮Σɳ
ʦѵļǣӽ̻壡˵ţƽ̱صĳŵɿͷ
ƽֵ˴éɽѣéɽСҲδܱȫȫéɽƽ̣ʦѡ˰ɡ
˽Դ˫֮䣬̧ͷ
ɿһۣ˵éɽڲ飬վһԣʰǰ̯Ҳ١
ǡʦ桭ϻ̳Ͽֵվһԡ
ʱֿһվŵˣŭȵۣ
һߣû˫ֻۣǵ˵ƶˣҪɱҪϤ㣬ǴñǣҪҡ
ۣңٴŭ˵
˵⼸ֵʱ򣬵ЩֶΣһɰϢֶȥһ㻺۾ȴЩ㱣ȥǰĵɡ
⹷ͽʦֵϹˣͽҪ֪ˣҵ͸һɱ㣡һֱĸŭ
˵ˣҲéɽˣɽ֮ǰұͽܣ̰ͼҵиɽģҺθɡǲ޵˵
ϡɱ㣡Ǹֱĸ߳ŭὣҪɱȥȴǵ׽ס˸첲˵աôɱǲ̫˴ˣһˣéɽ˹룬Сһ䶪ڹڤݲУȹ֮ʹҪ丶ΪصĴ۲У
һ˵ʱɴ۾֮ǾҲȥڤھɱҡɱңһʹģ
˵ţ˱ͷҪҧԾȴһԵİչһץס°ͣ͵һ㽫˵°͸Ѿˡ
һ˱ҲҧԼͷˡ
ڤźʮֲֿӣ˶ˣȴɺǸط


2309 λؽ
㲻ȥڤҲԣ㼸⣬ʵشƶΪʹһЩȻǹڤɣʲôطéɽ˼ʮ꣬Ӧ֪ǵطĿֲ֮˵
ʱˣһڤǸطŵĶ˿ӣסֵĵɴ۾ɪɪ﷢ֵ죬ͷʾԼ˵
ʱչ߿һۣĬĬĵ˵ͷȻչֽ°һƣ˵°ͱصԭλ
չһһ˲˲Ķˣսȭͷ˻ҧԾĻչһ°ѾˣҪݡ
ǰһˣѾŵڶˣݺݵһĭ
ȵʻ۾ʦӷ𡭡ʰɡ
ɵĿ˻۾ʦϣ˵ͷ˵ʦʡ
֮ǰҲһ棬㷸µˡҲﲻ㣬ҲӦΪ㷸µеΣҲѡϴˢһǣشҪʵ⡣۾ʦ
ǹڤҲ֪Ǻڣһ⼸֣ŵĻ겻壬ֻǲסĵͷ
㣬ǶɫĽӵǺηȻһ½ô˶ߣټ۾ʦʵ
ǡһصĴʥ֮һλؽΣܹ˲תư֮ʥ̫žҲ̫Ҳ֪βģ֪ǼٵġĲ֪˵
㵱Ȼ֪Ǽٵģ˵һӣѾˣûõļֵҪȻҲὫôܵ⣬Ȼûл֪ҳ
㡭˵ʦǲҵģղҪǼҲס͸ʦһ뿪ˡ˵ٴμȻ޷ʵ
ҼͼӴ׵˵ôûи㣬ǼٵģУղлὫߵģȴûһֱۣӱ뿪ˣôɵľʦ߶ûˣһӣôڻûп𣿡
㡭㡭ԻڣƭҡʦǲҵģҲǵѡ˸ӻ̿ˣʮ
éɽô꣬һֱһ֧ʦһصһصʦܹܵס
ǽ־ȫݻ٣ŻʲôС
ʱᣬ˼㣬Ҳ૵˵ʲôġġ
ٴ˵ҼǵҲһһصʥ֮һʲô궦һͽҸɵˣǷڣóɣֻˣҲûκô
궦ǸöһųǣǷ̹ˣΪãԺҲǸ
Ȼȴ궦Ѿʦˡ
ˣţһԵǿ֪ܿҵͼǱ㿪ʼһ飬ֻյһЩ˵彣
СŸ硭ûСҲûǬ˱Ƶǿε
ⶫ治˵ϣΪ˵õ˵ŷ⽫һصĴʥ֮һ궦ˣһͷ˶ûô϶Ҫⶫջȥġ
ʮƣѼӶˡ
Ƭ֮ǿ˵ǰ彣Щ˼˵СŸ磬Ľһܺõķٺ١
¿һˣ˵Ҫϲȥǡ
˵ǰ彣ĺ֮ͬˣȷǸ
Ȼȴֵ̿ǡʦҵķɽʱţǲߣ
ڻ˵Ȩǲȥڤһһв
ʱ˱ûƢʮΡ
˱Ǵ֮ǰһɨա
ǻ۾ʦˣһ⣬Ȼͽܣ϶ܶܵ飬֪յܶںδ˵ˣĿڹڤΣ
۾ʦʳ˶֪飬׷׵ɴ۾˶䣬ˡ
ǰһصܶ澿ʲôطأ
һʵ⣬˵ɫʱǵͨ죬֧֧˵ҡҲ֪ʦδ𡣡


2310 ƶ
Դ˸һĻֲ̿ôǲ֪ӡ
ҿǲ䣬һ˵յĲ֮Ա
䣿ҸүһۣȻ첽ߵ˵ߣһץסҵĸ첲Ϸһ㳯˹ȥ˵΢΢һǾƾΪôҸүֵڣƬ̣үɿ֣ͷǵϲû½䣬ˣϷҲܹ⿪
˵ɡƶ֤Ὣ͵ڤɳ
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪˲ҡͷ
ʱҢǰݺݵ˵ʦ棬治éɽӴΪ͵ҹڰɣеǰ취гյ䡣
ɿҢˣ˵͵ڤɣϼ죬ʲôˣûܹ졣͵Щףһˣһ鷳
Ң˲ٶԣȻȥ
󣬵ɻ˻ֱ֣ӽ¸ͣ˸ȥƱ͵˹ڤ
к棬ߵҢ˵ߣСʵҢˣڤʲôط
ڤéɽеһУһéɽʦ棬治֮͵Ǵ̣֮˺ǲᶨߣձɢ˺ǧУǳܣéɽ׽ʲôˣҲ͵Ǵ֮ܿ࣬Ҳֻ˵ǵطҲûȥö꣬ڤ֮жû͹ȥˣͽ̷ܴҧгݵ˵
Ң˵Ҳǻ飬ֲ˻Ầ³Ǹӣÿ˺ǧУһˣ˵ܹ죬ǼһСʱӢۺúˣ˹еĿͷˣҲܡ
ոȥڤʱéɽƽվ˳˵ʦ棬éɽвһصͺˮʥ̵Χˣȴһڣǲǽȫɱˣ
ɳƬ˵׽͸˼թմݽ棬ô˵ͶˣҲաڰˣЩƱĻ̻̣éɽеĸ֣յЩܻ׽ͻ׽ܻ׽ľɱˣ׽Щéɽʰյ䣬һЩ͵͢취ȥʰɣƶˡˡ
˵ǵɵֳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫתͷҸүһۣһ֣˵λƶˣǰȥ˰յϢƶԸλһͬǰնɱⲣ
ҸүҲŵɹ֣䣬ǵɵӰһΣתۼѾ׿⣬ȻͲӰɵʵҲǿ
ˣʩչ
ȻéɽЩȫЩ塱ֱֱ͡ϵҲȫУéɽƽ̵˳ŸȥɱЩһصЩһص֮Укܶ඼ǴһصܶģЩ˻׽ܹʳյܶںδ
ҾϣǺܴǰôˣ϶ЩܶʹҲ˽䣬һ˵վסĵطԱҪѰͻƿڣҪ֡
ЩéɽˣҸүߵʱ򣬷׷׳ʾлҪ⼸λүéɽ϶ˡ
Ҳкܶࡰ塱ֱֱֵֺ͡ĸ֣ҸүҲǴк
Щ塱ֱֵĸ֣Ҹү˿ҵΪǿүʦһֵˣܶ˻ʶҸүЩϵǰҸүϵľһһ
ڼ䣬Щ塱ֱֵĸ֣ҵңΧҿһƺڻζʲô˵ҸǸɵСӳ񣬲ҵ֣Ȯ֮ġ
һЩֲ뿪ǰȥʰЩһصĲˡ
ǡ塱ֱֱֵֺ͡ĸ֣ԿɱЩͷʥʹҲòҸүˡ
ﻹһéɽʰо֣صʬ壬ĴƮɢѪζһجһڣج˹
õĽһجڵȴǡ
һ뵽оͷռһսܿ쵽ġ
һžƣֻϱ۴ʹȺˣȻûйҵǸˣҲδ


2311 ǵ
Сţϵû¶ɣүеʵ
û¶ƤˡЦ
Ѿܹʩչǲǣүʵ
ǵģҿˡҵ
ܺã˵һƿһͻˣΪͻͽ˺ϴ辭ҲϴóˣԺԲɵ˵ΪԼ֮УԽԽǿ󣬶̶̼ʱ⣬ܹﵽֲΣǸүû뵽ģԺȻǰ;үҲΪ˰ҸүԵ˵
һŬġҵ
ϹⷬΪɱʱǿˣΪЦ˵
ͽҲҼҺһֱһ˻죬ǵһ緢ɱķҸү
˵ţչ㳯˹۾ֱĶŲԶΪˣ쳣ǵļⲻͣĳ鶯
ǰվŵ˱ʦүΪɵʦ˵еչȻûмΪ˸Ҹүһڽ伣˼ʮˣչүүҲټ
죬չʦүéɽڶðչܲء
Ϊ˺ܿҲע⵽һֱİչ֣˵ӣ
չһæ˹ȥͨһ±˵ϣΪӰչʦү˼ҿͷˡ
˵ţ˼ͷ
Ϊûôأ˵Ϊ˴ֵ˵
ǡչᶼ˳ߵΪ˵ߡ
Ϊ˾һ䱦һ´˰չȻֻļ޲ڵСʲǸеĺòϣӢ⺢ӵһԼ̳²ĺӣΪǺˡ
Ϲ֣ͽҲһҲϹǸ֮ģڵΪҲܲ˺ٺЦ
Ϊ˰һۣߵϻϷ˵ӵͽﻹܲ˱ˣƶһʱֱӾ͸ǹϹ
ȥ⼸үӻ˼һϹһϹ֣һϷӡ
ǻǺֵܣƺñ˽ˣ϶Ҫġ
ӣүүðɣǼʦΪЩĳʵ
ûáүүصĹʣӲʵĺܣļλʦʦҲ֦ɢҶ˲ͽͽΪѾˡչԾЩ˵
ƶչмʮأö궼ûڽͷ¶ˣҪϹҳƶ֪Ҫʲôʱһô꣬ͽﶼôˣƶο
˵ţΪɫһֵ࣬СӣҸоϻбɹжһʶô¶
ȥΪһôģЩ۾ǸƲѵǸղ˰չһµԵʡ
Щ˼ң˾ÿֲ
չһæ˵ʦүЩǡ
˵ˣΪûôأҲ㣬ֻҪб¾УΪɾΪΪֻҪˣҲܲţ棬ҲԵ֣ʦүָ㼸УҲǰ׼һء
˵ţΪ˱ס˰չļ򣬳һƧ˹ȥ
Ϊ˻ǲԼͽﶼԹֲýϹ֡
ʱ˿˿ңֿ˿ΪԶȥİչ̾Ϣһƶûôõһͽͽһ˷ඡ
ϷӣֶβʵϧŻܻ꣬ϽѰһͽ¡Ҹү
ƶ˼ʮˣôȥҵԵֲٴ̾Ϣ
Ҵʱֱߵ˵ǰ棬˵ǰһͽܣѵ𣿡
һ㶣ңһɻ
ţӢ˼һǵ𣿡ѵ
һæӣʶ
ʶʶ˼Ҷһо֮ҳ
Ǻʵ
šѾȥˡҲ
ӢŮҲǺܴôȥأǲʲô˵Ķ֣ңţ˵֮һĨɫ
˼ΪԸһ˲ȥģѾкüˣߵʱ򣬶˼һҪһ棬ȴԸһҪҵֱҲ˵ҲǼĲС


2312 
˵£ǰɫһƬȻ㶵վãʮǰƶε³أһ¿СѾͷί߳˼ţƶмʣԸԸƶУѾͷӦ㽫߼꣬һЩŵֶΣֶȻǳȴҲԱʳǣһ䵱ɽʥҲʦͽԵһ֮ƶҲûмԼͽܣһμʮȥˣѾͷȻһҶȥû뵽
ǰڰյԸҵ㣬˼ңԸѾˣҲһ׮¡ɫ
˰ˡѾͷٺһЩƶഫһЩˣȴҲڱһҲ컯Ū˰ɡ
ǰ̾ϢһȻֿҵӢûʲôˣ
аиӽֿиŮˮˮѾͷеʾѣΪͽ϶Ṽ˼ҵġæ
ˣӢӵŮʺܺôɲҪƭƶʵ
ģҪʱĻҵѾͷҲԴ˼ҹȥơն˵
˵˵ƶҲȥƣƶⱲķһͽܣĺˣƶҪúӦһġ
ǰ˵飬Ҷʱɿ࣬ǽŵԸˣǰϴˮһЩµĻˮѾͷȻҲ
һ֪֮ǰˮѾͷΪͽҴܶ෨ţȻⶼǺ󻰣黹Ϊһԩ¼ҲһĶǣֻϧʱæ£鲢ûв롣
鶼Ĳˣү֪һ˵ҪżϸǶȥԾƣ˳һ°յ飬Ұյ鲻Ҫ룬ּĴħͷǼСܹġվжǿǽǼʶˣٴĻǾһ
ҳϻ̳ϿֵӦ㿴˴һ𣬳ķ˹ȥ
ŲŲʱǻ۾ʦʲô˲ԶĻУ˵ģ
۾ʦкæŻ۾ʦǱС˹ȥʦҡ
ġڽƯô꣬в򣿡۾ʦ
ۣδ̫࣬ʦ㻯ͻȻͱһ
Ϊʦ㻯㣬һнһ죬Ȼģ˲ڿʵĲʦҲͽǰңҶ㣬ԵԵãķԵ򵽵һ죬֪һУΪʦƣ򣬰ӷ𡭡۾ʦ˫ֺʮһıׯϡ
ɫԻ󣬲ҲŻ۾ʦһ񣬹˵ʦӻġ
ȥɣ򵽵һ죬̨ɽΪʦȥ۾ʦ˵ţתҸү뿪
˵ɶɶһ䶼û˵Զɽ֣ͷԡ
⼸λ˼֮ұ㽫Ҽֵȫۼ鿴һϵƣصȻɣһۣҲԲѣҪʱ͵ҶȣҪȻƶҪס
ϵҲǴСȣȫ˲ʣֹۡ
һɶҲ˵ˣֱкˣϿ뿪éɽֱҶȣȽĶϱ۽˵
ֵܼ뿪ĵؽ磬ȵǴյŵʱ򣬻ǳ˵ʬֱվʬϵĺѾڻˣλǰûе¡
ϵʬˣѾéɽ˹ˡ
һսéɽʧأҪһɽҪ⡣
éɽĸԼ˴ʱǹǺˮʥ̵Щһ޶ղ£ˮʥ̵ҲȫƲ
֮һרŵ˹һˣȥһҵĸĸƽ֪һš
֮Ҿ񶼲ȫˡ
־ﻹȫĵطéɽ治֪ܽλ˰ŵʲôȥ
éɽɽŴûб˹ƣǱǸһˣéɽֳͰһ㡣ҸĸûĶãҰҲ֪ߵܶ˶ҪȥˣҲûоңֻЩ̫ãʲôʱҲûмѪɺӵĳ棬ǽŻˣҲ֪ôο¶ֻܿҰӰˡ


2313 ɽŴ֮
Ҹĸ֮Ǳٵ뿪˹ڣлϼɽԲʦʮӣһǻһʱҢ˵һӸǣ˵Ҫ뿪ɽŴ
éɽɽŴ˻ȫɱˣҢ˵ĵҲֻǵõʱȨҪ뿪
߳ڵʱ·éɽķܹƴ죬ǵǹһصͺˮʥʣµǲʮǿܹɱʰ˵ġ
Щµϵ棬ЩҲʲô˻
ֻǾЩϧһصЩͷʥʹһΪܸߣҪĸֳҲ˲ѪոҲܹµȥġ
éɽɽŴʱܹƵĺԶ⶯ǲİҲǹһصЩԱ죬ȼһشһɱԵĹνֲ
һصޣ϶֪Լ޷ųȥˣֻѡַԼ
éɽĺβˣǼҲٹܣֻǸҢǸӵ󣬿ٵĳɽŴķȥ
һ·֮ϣ洦Կڵϵʬ壬඼éɽӣһ̣̫ˣͲôһéɽҪ
ȻֻǽԼһʶֽϣֻչֳһʵͿԽéɽһƬǽ壬ʬҰˣ뼴Ҹү༸λã϶Ҳ޷ֹգéɽҪһ
γĿľЩԶ׼ˣԼķˮܹʲôڱܲ˹éɽҲֻ׬
û˳ֽéɽˣ˹̽̽ʵ
ڰ˵ûʲôʧ֮ԷΧéɽЩҲΪΧЩˣڰ˵أпޣҲ˵һǳҪ飬ǹͷʥʹּĸ֣һص֮ܶвȱ٣ڰߵЩ˲һصܶмֻЩɻǣһصܶİˣʹҲˣǸջƵʹȥΪγٳٲأ
նˣǺôļӣһֱ¶棬ǲǻʲôı
ɽ;УҵһֱЩ߰飬ҵɫʮɫҲ̫ÿԵʮֳơ
Ң˵ǸͽܵĴ֮£Ǻɵı߳éɽɽŷ󣬵ȳɽŷ֮󣬵éɽɽŴ棬ΧźѹѹһƬˣһЩ˵ʱһһ
ЩɮекܶصéɽΧһȦˮйͨѾȺʱˡ
ʱЩ˴ӺȸϹʱүү˵ˣéɽΧĸѸٸϹص˿϶ҲҪġ
Ҹô˵éɽɽŴ󱻹ƣһص˴éɽɱ䣬ҲҸ׵һ²⣬û뵽ɽŴûбƣǱˣ洫ϢéɽɽŴ󱻹ˣ˲ŸϹ֧Ԯ
ǵȫ֮󣬷éɽɽŴö˶˵ģ˸ͽȥԾֻڷ֮ż
éɽɽŴǵéɽ沼ģ˵ЩˣնƲҲΪéɽΣټֶΣǻϲġ
ǴɽŴһܶ˱㿴ǣķһ֮
ȻЩ˲ͽһ˸Χסˡ
£һصˣȥԼʮ꣬æ߹ĳ֣˵ͬ־ãǻֵˣѾغ˺üСʱˣֻɽŴͨһ㣬Ǹȥéɽڲˣܸܲ˵˵
֣һ£Ӧүү֪ͨɹġ
Ҫſ˵ʱһϤ˹Сš
̧ͷһʡ㲨Ҳ
ɿֱ֣ӿ㲨˴Ⱥм˽ߵҵߣ̵ģϢ˵һصéɽֱɻ͹ˣߵһéɽ𣬵ʲôǺˡ
ɽŴûбƣֻéɽͽػɽŴ˴ɽŴ󣬽һص˸˽ȥһΣҲˡҵ˵
һǰЩ˶ʱٴηһ


2314 ըԵϢ
û˵ˣҲϽȥǰˣǷʲô飬ǰⲻؼҪǵֵʱȫŵɫ䡣
һֱӵж¯֮Ӥʬ飬֮Ϻ֪ҲصһЩ߲㣬éɽĳɵĶ֪һЩ
ڣҾѾûκθıҪˣճɽˣǳɽˡ
ɽ֮󣬵һҪéɽǲûгɹ
˵ʲô
ղǲսʤģҲûôǿһΣûгɹéɽ˸ˣ֮Ÿ飬Ŀģ˶Ҫͬ飬ɽţһΣʱ̣˶Ҫϧպһص׽
㲨˵۾ʹ˵գ򶼿˳Щ̫ŵ˵㡭˰գ
ˣˣǼ˻ս֡ɫ
СšЦɿãʲô֮ǰ˵ֻʮӦǵʮˣôֵܴ»ų㲨ʵǸȣȷǲа㲨ӱȽϹֱɶ˵ɶ֡
ҵ˵ͷ˵ҵȷǲУéɽĵɺҸүг棬⼸ĸֲУŶס˰յѹ
˵ܴȻٴˣ˵λϵѣһﶼ̫ģȻǿ󣬵ǻûǿȫսʤĵزֻҪǽͬ飬һܹսʤԹаʤͬģһɹνѵġ
СŸ˵ǣҲ˰գûдôֲⲻֵܼŻڰѾ뿪éɽ϶δһȥɽţӷǧҪһص˿ӲǡչҲ͵
Ǽֵһ˵ʱһƬ˽˵ǣ˾֡
˵һըԵϢ
Щ˶֪ΪʲôΪһٶǰѾˡ
ȻѾôãǽϹĴȴǾò˥ڽϸ㲻ʲôܡ
˶ʱҴҵļֵȺɽ·ȥ
㲨һֱߣϸһЩڴ˴éɽսһЩϸڡ
֮ϼɽԲʦʮӱ㱻ɵ˸ҲéɽϷ飬ǳҢ˵ĵӣҲ˸ץɽϵ顣
ϼɽЩһοһսˣȻһδսԺڽϵĵλҲҪüΡ
ƣ˺ɫ̰ġʱΪһʧܶҲϧ
ȻҲ˵ϼɽԲպУéɽΪһսֻҪΪ˰һ֣ΪҲʧأԺϼɽͷ˲֪˲
һ˴Ҵɽƣһ·ҾԼЩסˣ㲨˲ҳɽȥ
ɽʱһź濴һۣмصһֱǺ棬Ҳ˵ֻǰŲǼ˵ֵܡ
ɣó˵ܣɸ̧ɽ
·ϣ㲨éɽϵ飬Ҵ˵һ飬һЩ飬˺ΪˣһֱҲûбҪǵٸ¶
˵ǳսҲ㹻ľĶǣǲΪֶΣľ߿ֲëÿһ鶼˵Ǿס
㲨һֱ͵ɽ£Ų֪뿪ʱһʼ˵ǸصͻȻǰ˵ͬ־ֳ֪ͨģңҸǱ˳˾Ҳźˣʱ뿪ֳ˵һǴéɽҪظ绰
Ҷ˱ʾ˸лͬʱﻹһ£ǰҲүүǱߵ飬Ȼкüǧ߽ʬڸ飬֪ƽϢûС
Ҵһ˱ص׼õĳԸ˾ֱӳźҶȵķȥ
ȻҴֻ֮󣬱үүһ绰ȥ
绰˺üűͨǱ߽ŴүүЩСšôˣ
û¶Ƕţéɽˣ˺öˣҲˡƽ˵


2315 
ҵĻүүĬƬ̣˵Сţյ˵ˣղ˸Ҵ˵绰Ҳеǳ⣬û뵽ջôһŪһɽֶΡéɽʲôҼһ˵Уûиս֣
ұڳϸүү˵һéɽ֮Ϸ顣
үүû˿ӺͰչʦүΪ˵飬Ҳԭԭĸүү˵һ顣
ΪүүֵεˣֵΣһ治֪һ˭ˡ
үүҵĬӣȻŸ˵˵ǰγéɽֻ̽ԵĽյʵҲչֳ˲һӣ
ţҲҸү˵ģ֮ǰҲս֣ΪһоܹҸˣûôǿ󣬶һ÷Ľиˡҵ
ѾͻƵھŽʽˣүүЩ˵
ţͻˣ˺ϴ辭ҲܹӦ磬Ϊ˵һΡЩСԺ˵
źüãǰһĸòô·˼ѾûˣܹȡĳɾͣүүҲˣԺҵξҪļͷˡүү˵
үүһᵣġҵ
ţͻȻһ飬СʵүүҸү˵ڴڵһ֮ϣٷиĸִڣصĴ쵼Ӧò᲻֪ɣ
үүǱһŵ⡭ȷУһֹһǻܣǶ˵ֻܸǣһھǣһϺ֮񲢲ǹٷʲôɫҲ䣬ظ֣үү̫ݣүүҲܸ˵̫࣬˹ؼʱ̣ٷڰյ鲻᲻ܵġ㣬үүһҪһ£յͲҪˣСҸطˣԼΪȫָϣȱס˵֪
ôүүҸү˵ĿǶ࣬ҲҪ飿
Ҳ֪ǵ˼Ǿ԰յʱᶪ
Ҹүү˼䣬ұȵЩʬ飬үү˵ЩʬǸ㶨ˣ峡кһЩҪȻҵ˵绰
绰֮󣬵绰һڵĽӴģһϢ̫ͨһʲô紵ݶǱһ㶼һõϢ
նԸéɽ飬֪ܲʵҲûʲô̫Ҫ飬ǹһ£˳̽һéɽֵ֪ܼûд֮󣬽ӲŹ˵绰
Щˣκδţ˽ӵĵ绰֮ҽֹ˻Ȼ󽫳ηŵ۾ú˯һ
⼸̫ˣ۵Ƥûգһ£һ;ȫĹͷˣֱ˯˹ȥ
Ȼ˯Ҳ̫ȣǵϱۻӲϣ˯һ·ϣ˺üͷΡ
ٴ۾ʱǱ˸ѵģԺֳѾ˺Ҷȸ
ڳϣһ˯ˣֵҲһ
³֮Ǽص˰֮£ЩԱ͵˺Ҷȡ
Щص˺ܶأ͵Ѧҩ̵ſڱûټȥǸǸֱ뿪
ûнţбſߺһɤӣȻѦСߺ㱼˹ʣ߿϶ҲõϢһ˺۵ģ㽫ǽ˽ȥȻѦүҲһ˳ǲ鿴ϵơ
ɵʱѦɱ㼤˵˵ĺأһ۰򣬶ã˿ڴѾ˱仯ҪλүӸҽβС
ȻѦҵ˱Žֱ̧͵λүסķ֮С
֮⣬ȻҲˣǸȣͺ̫࣬Ѧҩҽξͺá
ϱۣҲȥλүӡ
ѦСߺѦɰǼտƣ˳һǺȺéɽ飬Ǽ͸˵үҲľѡ
Ľ죬ǱѦҩ̣ﶼûȥһˣһָԼΪǷʩչ֮˶о֮ǰܲһˡ
Ѧҩ̴˵죬ͻȻһҴ⡣


2316 
ŵĲǱˣ˵ֳǧַү
һ磬ϱ۵ڲϣԺݵĻ裬ȻѦҩ̿ŵˣ˵һ˵Ҫҡ
Һ⣬ҹϵˣѦҵһ㶼ʶֱӽ͵ˣڸô¡ô
ǣұǿȥȻ󣬿˱㽫ǧַү˽
һǧַүʱЩζһ˵ȻǧַүɫҲȽϾнԵʮֳء
ұһǧַү˹ȥֵϸ磬ôпչˣСɩݵĻ裬糿ɽϽӵ޸ˮݵģ磬ʮˬڣ
ǧַүӦһߵԺʯԣ˸ط
һȲĻкһǶڣǧַүҲʮֿĸǴкҲǧַү棬Ҳʶ
ǧַүһһ裬ԵЩͻȻүϷ㵥ģ֪үͲ
һ㶣ܿǧַүңΪˣ±ϸ磬곤꣬Ҳ֮үƺǽϵѸӣҽеģǽҾүҿɲϣһֱѣ֣ö˶˵ƺңҿɲϰߣҿ϶¶ɣ
ǧַү˵ͷϵļ΢΢£˵¶¶
ϸ磬
˵ţұǧַүҲվҵ󣬳źԺһ䷿ȥطʮƧѰϢ
˷֮ұ˸طǧַү֮󣬱㿪ʼЩƬ̣ϵĺˡ
ϸ磬ʲôֱ˵УʲôܹﵽģֻҪܹԲƳ٣ʵڰﲻҲǿңǶֵܣؾִ١ҿο
ǧַүһͻȻվһ¾͹ҵǰСšϸһӶûˣְҰɣҪȻҲ֪˭ˣҲֻܹﵽ
һæȥһѽǧַүϸ磬ɷˣϽ¶˵
ҲȴӦңҲǧַү涵˵
Ŭ̧һǧַүӣһֱһ¹ĶҲ޿κΣֱɿӣ̾Ϣһϸ磬ǺαأʵһҾ֪Ϊ£϶Ϊܵɣ
ǧַү͵ͷ˵ǡҾΪĵܵܶСţͰҰɣϸ¿꣬ôһˣûˣҲûˡ
ɫһ̾Ϣһϸ磬Ҷ԰㣬ҪϧˡѴİﲻ㡣
ôᣬéɽĹϵôã˵λүŸ˰գéɽжǿ϶Ҫ㼸ӡǧַү
ϸ磬ΪΪЩĵߣҾԲᴥéɽҲͬвɴĵߣֵܱǵĵߣ֪ܷܵµʲô𣿶éɽ˵ɱһٴζ΢ᣬ˵Ҳõġϵ
Сšѵҵֻܾܵ·һҲҪġҾϣéɽܹһǽ֫ϣΪȫϣһɵӣһӶУǧҾֻһˣҸĸȥʱ򣬾ͽҵܵиңҺúչ뵽ȻӡǧַүЩ״ε˵
˻ȥǧַүϸ磬£˵ҪǻһֱôţҾˣֵҲûˡ
ǧַү˵ݺϡ
ҿɫϸ磬һ⣬һҪ˵ʵ
Сš˵鶼ݶˣﻹʲô
ܵéɽԵ׵֪֪
ǧַүң֮εĻ֮̿ɫһŵҲ֪һҲ֪Ȼ׵ܵܣһرˣܶʱҲ֪ڸʲô
Сʱʦ϶֪ɣʵ
֪һЩʱҺʹھַڽͷԶʦǷүеѧ͵еգʱҲʦһУѧʲôҲ֪ҲҲûмʦǧַүʵĻش


2317 
ҿǧַү۾۾ĴҸǧַүҲǳˣʶ꣬˵ٻĻҲῴһΣǧַүûѡ
뵽ϴΣҸ˽ֵʱʹǧַүûв뵽˵ûСǧַү룬ҲΪ˱ֳéɽ񣬸ǧַүûκιϵǴˣ϶ҲẦԼ׸磬ѪŨˮ顣
˵ʱ˵ĻǼٵġ
һ£ǧַү˵Һʹڽͷ֣ǾǷүŵģҳڱ˼˵ʱǷүŵʦү£һ֣үŵʦүҲҵܴܵģּ鲻ʺиߵ׷󣬱ûаڷүšһΣ˵ڽҪһƦˣҵܱܵǱƦĲǴӵһʯͷĽǱƦˣʱΪΣᱻǹУȫɵˣûãʮͷǹ׽ʱͻȻһʮ˳ֻ֣һ㽫ʮͷ˱ӣҵܴˡ
ҵԵɣһܹʮͨ˶ɱӵģ϶һصһˣеĺоôǿʵΪҲ֧
ֲ˻أ׷棬ΪΪʱˣҲΪ˱ž˴治顣
Ȼʵ˵ҲǸˣдҪǵһܹڣԸéɽһصԵףǱ̼ʮ꣬һ꣬ͷӡ
ӿǣʼգһ˰ڲӣһһⶪӣֻɽţȻ㽫éɽûŽȳȥ
֮ѡΪԵףһǿʣǿĺǶɽ
ڵڹڤӦܿɣʵܵĻеĿࡣ
һ˵֪ܵܵʦ˭𣿡
ǰ֪ҵܵҲ˵һ֪ˣʦһصһҵܸܵˣִ治顣ǧַү޺޵˵
ϸ磬飬ͱҪۣܴܵΪéɽɽŻһ֮£ǧ֮ϣŵĸ֣һéɽεˣȴһصԵףɽţһصéɽ֮¾޹éɽС֮ϣٸ޴˺Ӷ⣬ܶ඼ܵܵУ飬ܻųһͽéɽڣµŵϺڣɫ˵
ǧַүۡһͿһͷǰ޳ӣ̹ܲһ߿һ˵Сš֪ǡ᲻˰Ҳʵûа취ˣҵ㣬æʵҲ֪϶ˣ㣬ҲֻѰһοˣ֤ŬˣҪȻһô죿
վߵǧַүߣļ˵ϸ磬ܹ飬ҿ϶ȲҲҪκλ룬ҵǿԴӦһ顣
ǧַү˵۾ʱһ˵ʲô飿
ˣҿԽʬéɽҪᣬΨһˡҵ
Сšǧַүһٴιҵǰ˵СšҲ֪˵ɶˣ⽻飬ݶϣѾмˣԺˡ
ϸ磬Ҫô˵ѣҲֻܰﵽҰο
ǧַүһǧлȻǱ뿪䷿ӣȥߵǧַүǱһһֻ͵ӰҾֲࡣ
ҪǧַүԷȾƣǧַүҲû˼ֱӸǺ˼䣬Ҵ뿪
ܶ飬˵һҲܲ³ǧַүΪ£˭ûȥʡ
˼죬éɽǱôǴһϢ˵ǻ׽һصԼʮˣһéɽʣһ㶼Ϊп̷׷ʰյ䣻һȫصص취ʡ
һصéɽĹͷʹͺˮʥ̵߰ˣܹ׽Ҳô࣬ɼǵǿᣬЩͷʹܲס̷Ҫ˵طʱ򣬱Ա֮ǰǶ˽䡣


2318 ǸϿ
⣬éɽǱ߻ҴһϢǹ˵ģڹڤѾ˺üˣÿ˺ǧ֮࣬ѭأȴʼˣÿҲ˹ȥѯʣͰյ䣬ȴԸ⼫˵ʹ࣬ȴտڲ˵ȥˣڹڤ˻ûܹôʱ䡣
ԼãĳЩ˻пȦɵĵطʦҲ뱳ʦΪ˼ʮǰһξ֮
Щһصķ²˵Ŀʲʲôô߾Ҫˣ˭Ҳ֪վںδ
·ǰ;δ֪ǼȴȵջָʮΪǵʱǽһֲ
ĽѾǷণΣ˭Ҳ֪һγֻʲôʱ򣬲Ѿ֪ˣѾˣϢɢٶӦûܿ죬Ҳ˲ٿӦû᳤ѵغɽŴֻҪͽӦûû⡣
ϾɵɽŴǧǰ˲ģҪֱӹƣô׵顣
ҵֱ۶ϵˣѾѦСߴˣһĲҩܹò˰£ټⳬǿ޸Ʊܺõ߰˰ˡ
ǱҲϢȻɵϱ۵ʱеѦҵλүڣҲѾˣֻǻָЩ
Ϊ˽ľë֮¼ƴþѪ֮Եƺأȥˣɶûѹλү˵϶ܱסֻҪһЩʱ䡣
һֱķӣȻΪǺǿڷãУ׼ԤԶˣͬʱҲǸϺ꣬ķһѪǼ˵ϴĹǣŶӸ벻
ʱƴĳ棬ǳ֣ں沼÷ˣһΣĶֲһǰգҲòһȥƴ
һΣҲƴˡ
Ѧҩ̴죬ҵһĺ忪ʼЩȣܾϵҪӣǷʽ֮Ϊһ¥Եʡ
˺ϴ辭֮ǰǾž߽ʬéɽ˰յľëôǿȫԼϣҵȷǸҸطúһ¡
һ緹ʱ򣬰չҲ˴ǣ˵öûлȥˣҪȥĸĸҲþûмүүˣؼһˣʲô绰ϵ
ҲûȥˣϳǣҲԶ浽֡
ǿƫƧСҲЩס˵ȥϳǹ䣬˳㹺һЩ
ӣһЩ̫ģһ뵽ɽϵŮéɽǱ֣̤߱ʵ࣬ȻʮֶׯһŮӣһʮǿģҾΪǿ֮ϡ
ԺӴܣǿСӾԾڣΪʹ򲻹ֻйĵķݶġ
ȥˣҸǱֻͨʲôʱҵ绰ϵǸϲȥϵչǷǳʱڣһС¡
Ӧһĵľ뿪
һЩ֪ǲϴʦ۾ʦ˵Ǽ仰Եʣû¶ʱ˼һɮ붨ģҲ˺ܶࡣ
뻨еĿҲƿǸ֮ǰһģһƿһͻƣΪҲһΰɡ
ΪһͻƿӵһļΪϾڻ۾ʦİ֮£ڶתĸɮ
Ѧҩ̵ҸоΪĵʱֻܹм죬ЪЪţ޲һϵ˺ۣ֪һսʲôʱֻʱ׼š
ڼ䣬ҲȥǷ֮ȥɣҲȥһ˯ںе
Ǹӣһһ統˯ģ
ҷЩ̫ȥˣÿһοͻһ˻㱣ɽһ㡣
Ϊӻһʱ䣬²ֳʲô۶ӡ
û뵽ǣһ龹Ȼô죬ɻûдӳ˯ѹ㷢һ顣
һ磬Ҹոմӷ֮пɻӵһ绰绰ǿġ
Ҹһͨ绰Ǳ߱㴫ǿֵСŸ磬ǸϿ¶ˡ
ôˣɶ¶ż˵ҵһ¾ͱǽһƣżĹ⾰۶ӡ


2319 ǽѪ
СŸ磬ҳˣǰչ¶ˣǿ
չܳʲô¶ձΪָΪҲû̫صˣһӦöӦһҵ
ҺҲǸոսӵ˰չĵ绰ҺվǼԼû¶ˣ˸°ˣڰչżתҲûκͷǸϽɣڶ֪ôˡǿǱߺżӣͣĴߴǹȥ
ʲô°ߵ֪𣿡ʵ
֪ͷ
ûѣҺһˣôڹϳأƵ˵ţȻţȥչ˵ַڴſڵǡ
˵ţұҵ˵绰ӿٶȣѦҩ̿첽ȥһԺӣұһͻУԺһҵĺȫ˳ҷʲô顣
ҽǿ˵򵥸һ˵ȫüͷϻͼˣ˵Ͻߣȥơ
ϻչĹϵͬһ㣬չĸĸǼģ¿϶ż
ѦСߺҲһȥûͬ⣬ͬʱЩǵĿһһۣ˵һ֮⣬˵أҪȻţҺϻȥ
⼸죬һָ˲٣ǧҲڰҵ壬û¶ģҿȥһ
ʱ䵢󲻵ã˴ǱѦСߣȻٱ˺ҶȣҵͣھĳȻֱ˰չסĵط
Ȼչʶöˣһζûȥļ
סһϾɵľ¥Ӧǰλֵķӵģչ˵ĸͨĹˣĸѾڼңƽʱڼţҲôš
˵Сſڵʱ򣬱㿴վſڳ֡
ҽͣã³յߣչأ
ʹǹȥ
˵ţתǳСȥǽŲܿ죬Ӻ󣬱㵽˰չļ
չɳϣԴʹģǿߣοʲô
֮⣬һһˣǰչүүӢҲ˫֣һǽ
ǽм֣ȷе˵Ѫд֣дţѪծѪ
⼸پĿģһ⼸Ѫ֣ұ㲻Ĵһ˵ʵм䶼͸һɷŭͳ޵ζС
һݣұ㺰һǰǰӢתǼ˿һۣɫ˵ˡɡ
ǼӦһֱ˰չĶ档
Сףżܹа취ģʲô飬ֵڡҵ
չ̧ͷǼһۣ۾ףѪ˿ȻǸտ޹Ȼһץסҵĸ첲˵СŸ硭Ұ費ˣҸô죿
ȸ˵˵ôһ¶ûѹ¶ֻܿǼˣܻа취ģ벮ĸӦʱȫģҪѰ𣬿϶ͻὫڼɱˣȴ°ˣ϶Ŀģ˵ǲǣ
СŸ˵е°ˣ϶ҪʲôֻҪ˻ţһжǿתġһҲο
ԵʰɣչܿһҵСŸ磬ô
һ㶣Ǭ˱һ̣֮󣬵ݸһ
չӹ̣ǰѻ𾫳һ䣬̱ˣһڣ³һŨ
С֮ǰǲô̵ģҲֻܿԼǿ
֮󣬰չŵ⼸ؼң϶ڼţϾȥȦֵ࣬үүæǽһص֮󣬱ŵһѪζĴһ£Ұ費ˣûĺۼֻǽǼ֣Ҳˡ
Ǽ̧ͷֿһǽϵ֣һεĸоĿġ
չֵǽϵѪҰֵģүүܹϳ
ҲѾѪˣЩͬСɡ
չ¶˭ɵģǹͬĳ֮⣬㻹ûʲôĳңʵ
չ룬Ҫ˵ʱһֱûô˵İӢͻȻˣϷ֪ʲô˸ɵġ
˭ͬʵչҲһȻ
Ѫ̣Ӣ³֡
˽һ㶣н˵үӣѪ̲ѾǸɵôѪ涼Ǹ׽ѺˣѲѪԽˣ
һ˳ѪֻѪ̵ͷȻ׽ˣȴѪ̾ͳˣ֮Ѫ̿϶ҲצȻϷȷ˭ǿԿ϶Ѫ̵ġ


2320 ʮͽ
Ǽ̫ˣһصȻǵͷŵˣ⻹кˮʥ̣ǵԬ³ռңԪķˮңһңڽ϶ţľ
ЩңһҲη壬ˮڡ
µľڱµӣУصˡ
ѪаĴڣһصȣоаһЩְ˵ֶΣѾֹһˡ
ѪĳֵʱѪ̵˾ͽչһѣض˸ˣðչһ˹ȥˣչҪǼ˹ȥͱѪ̵˸ˡ
һΣҲӵĽѪ˳ҸүǼ˳棬Ѫ׽͵Ѻ
Ƕ򵥵ΪѪ棬Ѫ̵ͷ׽ˣѪ̹ƾҪӽϳҲֲʲô۶ӳ
ЩҲûнѪ̸ϣΪʱƣǾ׵ͷԽԽΪҲһص֮⣬֮ϸֵܼ˵Ĳ࣬ǶԷĲͷˡ
˭û뵽һǺԵģӲдѪ̣Ȼڱǣ԰չĸĸ֡
չĸĸͨͨˣһΪҲûС
أˣǻ˼ǧϴͳһص׼ĴڣԽأѪȴǺ޹˼ɣ˰ˣһֱߵͨ֡
ô治̡
չĵĲУҲ֪ôο¶˭ϹƶܲסϾԼĸǰéɽ飬Ҹĸʱұǰչ״̬ԣȫܹǵ顣
ӢǰﵹԵʮֵֻɫʮ֪ʲô
㷲ΧŰչһȻұ㿴˰ӢܣʵǰǼѪ̶Ǻ˽⣬Ӧ˽ıȽ϶࣬Ѫ̳Ѫ֮⣬ûУǵĹģж󣬾ж
Ӣ̧ͷһۣ˵Ѫ̵Ĺģ޷һصȣǵۺʵǿͷȻǽѪ棬Ѫʮͽܣųʮͽʮͽ˺ܶͽͽϴǼѪһͽܣѪʥŮѾնɱˣЩͽܣҲˣŵģҹӦûʮˣʮжͽͽ޷ͳˡһֱѪ̶ֶаڽҲǳЩԸһصԸѪ̵ˣΪѪ̵ıǿģѪͽҲʮŽᣬһ飬ᱧжʮ鷳
ǰ˼ǣΰ߰չĸ˺пѪͽܣʵ
ҾӦòࡣӢܵ˵ͷ
ѪͽܣҲʮͽΪΣһ̲סʵ
ǿѪͽʮϸ϶һٶ꣬Ҳʮͽܣ׺ûоѵʣǲΪͽܵģ֮ǰǸѪʥŮҲʱǼ˺һ𣬶һѪʥŮĶ֣һʵʮͽˡӢֵ
Ѫͽ°߰չĸĸҪЮǣѪ˰ɣв޵ǵ˵
ҲпܣûнӴ֮ǰһнпܣǽ°ˣûκţϣһҵǣ˵ǵҪӢֵ
ҪǷѪ棬ô죿ʵ
Ѻˣ޲Ǵ֮ǲܱųģСŵүүҲǲܵģҪҲûãǶ첻˭ûǸʵӢܵ
ô죿չЩ˵
ŰɣһҵǵģŪøѪ֮仹һѪƴӢЩǵ˵
ʱһһһǼˣҵֱ۶ˣոսӺãһ˵ĺأΪҲͻָɵӣ״̬һЩƻָ߰˳ɵΪǿͰչǼû̫ˡ
Ⱥ֮УҺһϻҪѪ̵ʮͽһѪƴ״̬Ҳ̫Ū
Ѫ̵˻ǻʱʱ
ƫƫʱɻûѹҲûø⡣
һֱҶϰߵĸоһ̤ʵܶ࣬һΣҾȻĪЩоҪһ


2321 ۼ³
ûбİ취ľֻĵĵȴѪ̵ϵǡ
ʵһ룬ӢүӷĺܶԣǼֵܳ࣬Ѫ̸ǰ׼ҺΪɵĳ󣬵׽Ѫʱ򣬻ǰӢܾһ֣һܴľ֣üķƭչеѪ̵˳
ҪǰӢܣѪô
ԣѪҪ϶Ҫð׼ҿġ
ô
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һˣڰչļĵȴţÿ˶ǰչͣ߶ʱͣڿǽߣ㶵ĿĸѪ֣һСʱ
ӵǺģȥ˾Ʋ˻ǺȾƽﴧ飬һζǰҲЩʣҲûгϼڡ
֪УɫͽϾɵСһҹʮְ
СЩϣסҲ˼ңСˣ󲿷ֶڱĵط˷ӣֻЩ˲뿪һֱס
˼ϢĶȽ磬һʮңϾɵСûмŵƵˣ䵹һֱƻͨ
һ͹һֱȵҹԷһûУļ٣ƫƫҲʲô
֮УͻȻһˣڵĽӣǵϢʮͨӴһѪ̵飬ܹõһЩõĶν֪֪ˣܰս
뵽ұֻӴһȥ
绰ܿͱͨˡ
үЩûҴ绰ˣɶ¶ҪҰæģӺٺЦ
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ɶʵڵȷһرҪҪæǹѪ̵ģ֪˵ûУҵ
Ѫ̣̫˵ˣѪ治ǿűص˴ߵôôˣӵ
Ѫ鷳ˣչĸĸ°ˣҲһѪĶ򣬺ǵһЩҷҪѪ̸һ˲ɡЩ޺޵˵
ҿѪ̵ˣȻҾ׵鷳ǲ֪үնûйҵôѪѰ·Ľ࣬ǻĲͷˡ
ҲЩˣһͨѪ̵Щһ˵ԵƬ̣ھȥˣûѪĶӣ׼ȷĴ𸴡
Ӧһҵ˵绰ղҴ绰ʱŵ缸˶ţڵ˻ʮεġ
˶ҲӵӣǱ߾ͽ绰˹Щ˵үղȥˣѪ̵ϢѪ̵һȽϷɢĴضзֲβ֪ʲôԭȫϢľۼ³أдѪʮͽȫˡ
ղҲֻǻѪ̶֣ôһ˵¶öˣ϶Ѫ̶֣ûˡ
ʻչ̲סʵ磬֪Ѫ̵ʮͽھۼʲôط𣿡
ӽ˵ղֻǴ˽һѪʮͽĶ򣬵Ǿû˸ɣǸҰСʱʱ䣬ȥ飬Сʱ֮Ҿ͸һ𸴡
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үģǵĻǵĺùӳԣ
һ˵Ҳ滺࣬չɫҲôѿˡ
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Ѫ̵ˡˡ
վɳԱߣһ˲˲ĶǸڣʱѾҹһӣţһһɵǴ֮д˽ʱӴڻ¶һԴȻһŲҰ׵Ů˵촽ǴѪһڵͷ֮з衭


2322 ͬ
Ѫ̵˻ְͨ취ǽͷ棬û뵽ԷôֶΡ
ǾȻһŮǽӴ
ŮľͱˣɫҰףƮɣһֻ棬촽֪ôģǱһѼˣһֱ˺ǻĴӴ¶ԴȻŽ¶˳һƮɶһ߻˵ЦЦʱһ¶ŰɭɭݣѪǻʳ
Щ棬ֵļһͲĿһŴӵĺŮǰǽסһ
˵µŮвͣȻûдﵽСֹļ𣬲Ҳ˲̫ࡣ
ӦǸϹ
һŮɭɭЦ˻飬Ŀ˲˺üȡ
չʱǰһһ½𾫳˳ȥҪǰȥǺŮ
ʱһ֣㽫չĸ첲ץˣ֣ʲô˵Ѫ̹ŵģ㽫ˣǾ͵ò㸸ĸϢˡ
չһ£˻һ
СӸĸѪ̵˸ˣһӻûطأҪƾҪǺŮˡ
˿˿˳ŴƮ˽ȫվڷ֮УһĵȴǺŮһ
ŮĵߣǶ˵㲻ʲôվһˣԽˡ
һԷɳһŮҲܴӲԷʵȻʮǿ
ΪܹʹֹˣΪ϶Ͳȥ
Ƭ̣ǺŮƮ˴ǰ棬ĵ֮䣬һѪ裬ֻǾˣסһ
ѾģǰװʲôͷأһҽСȷų㻹ôNɪ
һҲҵЦͻȻˡॡһ죬Ȼٴαպ
ʱǺŮ˹һЦȻһָʼڴд֡
ĶָĦŲһ죬ܲˣҲҪҧͦš
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д֮ǺŮҲҵһЦȻӰĵȥޡ
ǺŮһʧűһ죬ǲȫѿɢһأŵ˷׷˺
꣬ô˼Ż˾͵ˣôҲ
룿ʲôطɻ
ʱİչüͷ˵֪ǸطǰȥǸط³ƫԶһƬɽ֮УѪʮͽһ˵һݵ㣬һǵطǰŴ壬ŵֻ꣬ﶼûźţҴʮֱ븹أֻҺһǶų֮񾭾Щˡ
ȥʲôʵ
Ǳ߳˹飬ֻǹȥƣȴѪ̵ȦףιѪǱ߲˾֣͵ǹȥءչ
Է֪ЩһһŮǴϢ϶ǲηһȥԷȦףǻаˡҵ
ô죿ȥ룿һ
ȥ϶ҪȥģֻûڣûףԷﲼʲôЩ˵Уûһģ䵽Ƿ֮гƵ
λֵܣѪǳǰ׼ģҪȻҺүүһȥɣǾͲҪȥˣѪʮͽһ棬֣λֵȫˣûлָǸһչϵ˵
СףֵܼͬѣһˣôүȥգҪȥһȥôˡг
ԣϻģҪȥһȥն˵
λõģΪɶڷĲҲǶһЩģȻȲңȴҲж֮ʲôرķϷ϶ܹӦһӢܵ
Ƕ˰ӢܣүӵΪܸߣΪɵֶҲǼʶģȻô˵ǼҲͶ˼ֵ
ֻһЩףǶóͼģַǰ취ãΪɲרоģ϶Ȳɡ
Ѫ̵ʮͽȻҪԸǣ϶һķסǣ֪Ĳ˶೤ʱء


2323 Ҫȥ
˵ãѪҪԸĲǰչǼңˣΪԸѪʱ򣬳һǿ֮⣬Ǽ˶в롣
ͬʱһ뵽һ飬Ѫ̸һص˹һͬʱԸǼǼ˸ով쳣սûãϵδֵʱʱǹȥͶԻǺܴġ
ҽҵ뷨ôһ˵˶ʮе
ʱǿͻȻ˵СŸ磬ҪȻǾ֪ͨصɣ֧Ԯһ£Щؾ侯һЩ֧ԮսҲǣǵİջһЩ
ǿ˵취صһкܶ侯ؾ֧ԮССһѪ̣治ڻ¡
׻˵ĺãΪٸߣһǹŵǸЩֳֻ˻ϣѪ̵ʤ㼸Ϊ㡣
ϾǼҲǴܶϽ
ܿӢܱ˷˵ϷףǸộѪ̿϶ʱѪ̵˸ˣֱһɱڣȻٵĳ룬ĻǾЩòʧˡ
ԶԶԡǧܴݾߣǹȥҸĸģẦǡչҲ
ҲУҲУ⻹ҪԼˡ
һ˵ˣҲãɽҲãֵܼٴһһҪĸȳ
ãСŸģǵɽ𺣶ˣոɹܣССһѪ̣ǻһҲ
һ˵ʿ񣬱ηˡ
ǰǿǶԹѪ̡
˵չʱĲУһץסҵĸ첲˵СŸ硭ллǣֵܣҰչ˱ĸ
𳶵Ͻ߰ɣȥ롣ҵ
˵ţ˴Ҵҵ¥ȥС񱼶ȥ
¥ͷȥʱ򣬷ʱ򣬾ֻаչŵˡ
֪Щȫ˯ˣϾɵСԭס˲Եʡ
ջĿ⣬Сҵҵĳӣȫ˳
ӿ߸ˣһͬȥҡչСһǿպͰӢܣһ߸ˣպܹ
չҵһ࣬ȥ룬øҴ·
ҹ·Ҳ³ҿųһ·쭣ܿͳϳǣȻ˳ϳǵĴ·һ·
ط֮ǰţǴûȥֻ֪ǵطһƬӣ˹ȥؼǵطЩƫƧ˵ͨ
ڳϣұ˰չһôȥ顣
չ˵һȥΪʮ¿ȥ̽գֻһ˻ųˣһаЩڹƶĶƤ泤˳ӡ
ʱжϳǸ˲˹ƶʬòײŽ˸ȻˣѾˡ
ʱȥҲܵصйزи䵱һʵĽɫʱȥʮؾֻһ˳
ѾǺüǰˣҲǰչոճû÷顣
ұȰչҪһЩҺͰչʶʱѾϤˡ
ǿųһ·ţѾʻһСʱˡ
ͿһСʱ֮ǰͿ·ˣһЩ᫵··ֵһСʱǰû·ˣֻýӷһεĵطУֱӳķȥ
˳֮ұ㽫Сȸ˳ǰ̽·ΧĹ»Ұǲ鿴
һʲôСҲܹǰһʾ
վԵʱ򣬰Ӣүӱ㶣˵һ룬һﾡһǧҪֿжױƣУ˷󣬴һҲ̫ţϷϸоһƽ֮
ͷӦ
˵ųһֱߣȵĴ֮£ĸ˹ȥ
ûãͻȻһѽЩ̫ԾӲ˵Сʱ֮һظʮͽôⶼüСʱȥˣСôһӦûУ
뵽ҽֻ˳ҪӴ绰ʱ򣬽ӵĵ绰ʹ˹
Ҵæ˵绰㼱еʵϽôˣʮͽģ
үǧҪȥ룬ʮͽ롭֮⣬һʮĽɫӵĻû˵绰ǱͻȻˡཡ죬Ǳߵĵ绰Ѿҵˡ
ҪٸӴȥʱ򣬷ֻѾûźš


2324 ͻȻϮ
ղŽ˵ʱЩ첻壬Ҳû̫˵ʲô绰͹ҵˡ
һʼΪӹҵģҵͷһŷֻûźš
ڽ˵ؼǾ仰ʱźžֹˡ
ȴ˽ӴһǳҪϢڽѾȫȷʮͽ롣
Լ˵룬Ѿˡ
һ˵ǻһʮĽɫû˵꣬绰͹ˡ
ļ٣æðչǿǿԼֻûźţϽٸӲһ绰ȥʵôһ¶
֪չǿֻóʱ򣬷ֶûźţǺǸһֻźͬʱʧġ
дųţźŲͨϴӡչѵ
ӺǸ˵һǳҪ飬ҾбҪӻһ绰ȥһ
ǺðɣǸոսûжã˳ȥȸӻ˵绰֮ƽҵ
˶ûʲôȻһֱ֣Ӵ˳룬Ǹղŷųӵķȥ
˵Ҳ֣ղŻܽӵ绰أһת۵ĹֻͺͻȻûˡ
һǰߣһóֻźŸ񣬴һźţ͸ϽӴһȥ
ԼУҸоҪ͸¶ǵһǷǳҪϢղ˵ǰ㼱ебжһ
һ˸ո۷ȥ˲׵ľ룬ͻȻһಡƿ죬±СȾСŸ硭Сģ
СһŵҲֻ˳ȥԴƵģһ±ٰ˲˼ʮ׿ľ롣
ȥ֮󣬱㿴ѾٶȣϽ𲧸˳ͷ֮ϣͣתղϮǵǼʮɼȫ˻мϽϣ죬׷ըѿֶΣҸоһȴЩ벻ˡ
Ͻ𲧿סЩɼǷɼķȥ׿ĵطݴӳ֮У˼ʮӰСѾųһЩ˸ȫΧ
û뵽ЩѪ̵˻ôͣǲŸոյıԵشǶ˵͸Ƕ֣һɱС
ǵĿĺܵðչĸĸչȻȫ
ֻЩѪ̵Щ̫ɵˣЩʲôûСƵֶԸǣ̵֪أ̵ء
СȼϰٸǶʮ˸ΧĲɿ
СȷųЩ֮Щ˱˷ɼǱ߶ʱͬʱҲϽ𲧣Щ˱˹ȥ
ǵһΧȦģͬʱҲǵһЩ˵Ⱥ֮еġ
һұһл㾦һɫĹֱӴ͸˵ţȻһϣǴһ
еͶҪȻɱۣ˵ʬڵأҴһ
ЩͬʱͣеĶ߿˹СҲ£ЩЩ˸ŰΧ
ʱչͻҲѸٵĸϵչȥǴүģҰأҪǸһëӽһȫ࣡
ǶʮЩֵĳ⼸˿һۣһͷ˵һϣ
һ䣬ʮͬʱһȻѸٵıһɶߣϳ˺ëЩԼٶȳԴ
ֶҼǰѪ̶ֶΣѪΪԼѸٱǿ
Σ˵ҲһСͻȻһ꣬ʲôô
ЩͷļһеŹӣű㳯˹
л󣬶ʱһ߶˲ľ֮ԦľõϿЩͷ˵ϲ˹ȥ
ֶζԸЩֲ̫ãǶЩ֫ͷԼ򵥵ļһ˵Ƿǳõġ
ߣΪԦľʩչǰҲָϸڶСֱǰˣһ²סЩһ˫ȣʱá
һȺһϣ㷨ոһȥոЩͷ˵
ҲһӲĹ⾰ЩͷȫѪ֮УһڣΪչ׼ģҪĸĸѪ̵˲ʲôط


2325 ʧ
ʮͷˣǼһ֮䣬ͽǴ󲿷˸ɵˣȻڣҪ̽չĸġ
ڱƷ֮ϸնһǵͷ˺ܿͻָ˵ģ
кչչѾŻĻ𾫳ߡ
˵Ұ豻ǲʲôطǿɻţ˵ҾŪǣչû𾫳סһ˵ʺ
ǸѪ̵ļһ￴ŭյİչ֪˵Сӣɱң
Ҳ裡չһеĻ𾫳ǰһֱͣӽǼһԴնűȽϽѪһ
㣡ô˵˵չǷ˺ݣ𾫳ֶ׼һˡ
ǸһչôݣһԲϾɱˣʱ֧֧ģҪ˵
ʱ򣬶ٴδ˼ƿ죬أһ⶯æ˿㿪
ں仰ͬʱѾٰ˲һ࣬һŴ棬Ȼ㳯ǰķȥһһһתܵˡ
ٴλͷȥʱ򣬷ֱ׽Ǹ²òһڣչڸܵǰ֮ҲӲӣ׷˵һࡣ
Ψһһ²Ҳ˸ɵˡ
Ȼɵ²˿϶Ѫ̵ļһ
ƾ˴ɰԿΪȻѪʮҪ˵ʮͽеһ
һûᣬҽ˸׽ˣ룬ʱȥչĸĸỹǺܴġ
ǸԶȥıӰ붼û룬ֱӽǸ˾׷˹ȥ
һǼҲûţҵ󣬳ŸղŷŰǸ׷˹ȥ
Ǹ˵ΪҶٰ˲һֻǿıӰ
֮пٵĴνһɴҿжϳ˺пѪʮͽ֮һ
ˣٰ˲ֶҲǿ˲٣֮ľڲͣ
ֻۿҸʮ׵ľ룬ϾҪ׷ʱ˱ֳ˦һѰǰ֮âȻι˾綾ġ
ȥӣֻ˱𴦣ȥҵİһ٣֮ľ˲١
գۼĹʮ׵ľ롣
һգű뵽һ⣬Ǭ˱нʦָ˳Ǹܵļһﶪ˹ȥ
ʦֿ֮µٶȣҵٰ˲ηǸ˴İ
ʦһڵϣűһƺϻڣֻǳǸ˵ıӰһָʦֺܿҵ˼㳯Ǹ˿񱼶ȥ
ͬʱҲϵСȣϽȥӦʦ֣ǽǸһ׽
СҲõҵһɺɷǸ׷ȥ
һ飬İչͰӢǶ׷
ӦѪʮͽ֮һڻѪ鱪һ֮϶ŵģõİڣǰϵĶҩѪղѾ鿴ˣⶾһ֮ڱȡһСһǧҪǰ˵ʩȡߣܹ׽ˣǾиʮͽ̸еʱˡӢɫ
˼Ҹһ㣬ҲҪѪ鱪׽ˡ
żѾСȺͶʦֹȥ׷ˣǺܹܿ׷ϣҲȥɡ˵ţұкˣŶʦֱȥķ첽С
һҸо׷ȥʮɽ·ʦ־ǰһٶ׵ĵطһֱӣǸʮͽ֮һѪ鱪ҲܹӰʦַ񱼣Ҳ׷Щˡ
׷׷ţǱ㴩һƬ֣һƽ̹ɽ֮У߻ܹˮȻ䣬ʦֺСȵӰɽ´һͻȻͲӰѪ鱪Ҳˡ
ʱٻͷȥʱ򣬷ְչͻǲûиһ׷
Ҷٰ˲ֶҪǿ࣬û׷ҲģΪǸңұýڵϻһܴļͷָȥķ
ȻҼ׷Ŷʦȥķֱ˹ȥǴɽ£ұ㿴һӣ治ܿҲʮ׵ӣ϶Ҳ֪ʲôط
׷֮󣬷ֶʦֺСȶˣǸѪ鱪
أ
ֻǷһɽ¶ѣеһжʧˣ׷ˣͺŵİչǣڴ˿ȫˡ


2326 ľˮ
һܣһãȻô
վںӱãȻ޴ʱͻȻ䣬ӺƮһľӣľ滨ŽдУĴ˳¡
ʱұľӸסˣվһƬ̣ľƮߵʱҷľ澹Ȼһˣȥر죬һʱһΪҿľ˾Ȼ
λүӷ֮еĺôô￪룿
ѵѪ̵˳һʱ͵Ϯ˺ҶȣʬŪط
һ뵽ͻȻ⡱һ£©һġ
Ļ鷳ˡ
ѣգۼĹľ˳£ѾƮȥԶ
ҲʬƮߡ
£źһ·׷˹ȥܿ͸ľӵǰ棬ֱһ˱ĺˮ֮УٵĳľԱ˹ȥȻһ֣ץסľӣҪľӳźӰķȥ
ȻץסľӣҪźӱʱ򣬺ӵͻȻһ˫֣һץסҵĽŲӣ͵Ľҳźˮ
˿ûзԴһ¾˱ĺˮ֮Уʱ򣬸ֲ鷢ˣӵ׺񲢲ֻһ˫֣кܶ˫֣ץסҵĽףסҵ˫ȣҵĽʬһˮ֮Уܿɿ֣Ȼӿٵ³дðݡ
ͬʱȶס񣬵ͷ濴ȥŲҵ¹⣬ҿķǺˮ֮оȻƯһŰײҲҵĴˮݵĸ׷ˣһ¶˹ЦݣֱĿңǵ˫ıסҵȣסҳźӵȥ
꣬ﾹȻôˮ
ˮֹʮѲģˮУǵĵߣԭǹⲼһ֣ҪˮԸҡ
뵽ʱͻȻ䣬һˮſ죬һڳҵĴҧ˹ȥʱ۵ҷһƺߣеϢٴηųһЩ
ˣһˮеͬʱһӵ׻иˮ߿ͷɢҰ״㱼䣬ҺһƵġ
ˮһôˮǰչǣЩ޲ߣǶ˵㲻ʲôΪо飬ʱҪⳡֲˡ
һֱֽ̣ʬ˳Ƿʬĩ˵Сͣ˸ЩˮЦʱ˾ֵı飬׷ɿҵȺͽףҪĴɢ
Ȼʬһ߶ﻹЩˮѡ
Ƿʬĩ˵С˸ӵľңһˮ㱻ʬ߸˹һƵĺǷʬ֮УƺЩĺ֮һж޼£˲ӵĹ⾰ˮˮȫʬɵĸɸɾˮʱȻһա
˷ʬߣ˫ٵĸˮ棬ڵĴϢ
òףȶ񣬵תͷȥʱ򣬷ľƮȥ˺Զ
ΪղѪ̸һ󣬹⽫ˮҪأǵȥľӵʱ򣬿档
Щˡ
붼û룬ұٵĳķ˹ȥٴץסľӡ
ֳȥ̹ǣںʱλүӻרŷֹʬ帯ҩ裬о̫ʵˣǰǼٵġ
ҾˣʬôͻȻأ
ǲҶܽʬĽҰ⡣
ұקľε˺ӱߣȻʬľᱧ˺ӱߵĲݵϡ
Ҵ߶ȫһ޷Թģ·ܿͱҵˡ
վںӱߣһʬȻٴĹãȻĿһۣôʱ䣬չͻǰӦ׷ҲǣҵĽųȻ죬Ҳ϶١
ôôˣ
ϻչǿģҴһܿտյĽҵĻû˻Ӧҡ
Ѳߴ˷ɢˣ
ţֳʼӦСȵĴڣҺСڤڤ֮һ΢ϵȻұ۾ͼϵãʯ󺣣һӦûС
Ѿģǳʲô״
ƵĲУҲո˵Ҳû̫ţֱӽʬźӱ߿ʼĿĵߣҵҪЩѪ̵˾Ҫʲô۶ӳ


2327 ҾǷ
ʬǶôأоЩƮƮģ֪ǲΪԵʣŻĸо
һ߱ǰߣһߞųȫӹȥʱпֵܳΣա
ͻȻãҺ߽Ѫ̵ĲõһȦ֮С
Ĵ͸һɹ֮С
ҲţԼǲѾѪ̵˲õһ֮Уǵҳȥʱ򣬷˷ľɫʵûаɫҲûкɫͺɫ֡
ķ٣ÿһΰŷ֣иԲʲôӡ
һʮرĵطǵ֮ǰһ˽ʱżܹһЩУطҳܹˮ֮⣬κζҿԶľҲǾֹģľһ
źӱһֱߣһֱߣ˰СʱҵĹ⾰ı㿪ʼĪĻ԰ԽԽˣҶܹԼϵӸоƮƮˡ
޼ƿʩʱͻȻһϤһɽ괦˹
СŸ硭
һ㶣ȻǸķȥһϤӰɽ괦˳һɫװβ裬Ӣˬһ
ӡôҼ˵
һ߳˹һ˵˵Ѫ̵ҪԸ㣬Թ㡭
˵ţߵҵߣͻȻüͷұһۣʵСŸ磬㱳ϵ˭
ǡһʱ죬ȴ֪ôشˣĪٴλ
̽ʵ
šӦһ
ͻȻЦһʮֲõ˵ôˣ㻹Ҹ˵Ҫ㣬Ҫҵ㵽ʲôʱһӶѵҾҪһ𣿡
ӣҽͣҲ֪ôˣʬͻȻͳ룬ΣҶܽʬġ
ҲҲκνͣǷҵģŭĴҵĻͻȻһĳ̬еָҡ
ӣʲôĿ
ҲʲôҾһ䣬ﵽûң벻һ𡭡˵ţ컺˹еҲԽԽһʮ׵ĵطͣ
Ҫһܲܵǳ˵ҵ룬Ѿʧȥϵˡҿ
ҾҪһ㲻һҾɱ㣡ͻȻЩ
ôˣһ黳ȵŮӣȻ˵ᣬǴûйӡ
ѵΪұʬܴ̼ˣ
ҪʱұվȴһʵҲЩˣ㰮զզذɣûﳶЩеûģֵܻ֪ȥҪҵǲС
£ҳĬԱŲһ£Ҫ㿪ľȻǳĲˣеһ¾͵ҵಿλٴγ˵ߣҾɱ㣡
ҽˣҪɱɱЩˣ̧ȱߡ
û뵽ǣһʹ˹Ǳ߱Ľ͸ҵ·ҵƤ⣬һɾʹ
ȥҪɱҡ
˲䣬ұͷƤ飬Ȼһٰ˲㳯һȥеĽؿڴһѪӣѪʱӿ˳
һεʮ׿⣬Ȼŭųˣ
ҾǷˣҾҪɱ㣡˵ţٴγɱ
Ҫٴδ߶ٰ˲ʱ򣬹ͷˣһֱұϵӺһɽ쳣ĳأ˫һ¾ıסҵĲӣͬһ㣬ʱҺļ
ˣ˫Ҳһ²סҵʩչһٰ˲ֶȴͻȻˣûҵŲ벽ʱѾԽˡ
ʱҲŻȻҹȻѪ̵ļƣұϵǰĳҲĳ졣
켴ǶԹȴҲܶʹɱ֣Ϊ֪ҵġ
ұϵʲôôһģһҶôϤȻһҲûϳ
ǰΣҸҶ룬ֶá
鼱֮䣬ŻһָָǿԶģ˳߶Ԧľ
ƼһľʵġѵġС˵Ʒéɽ졣ӭԶ


2328 ¼ҹ
ԦľͲľ֮ͬʱ߶֮£ǰ̱һƬľǰĳƶȥ
ոձǰ׵ĵط̱㱻Щסˣá
ܿͻеЩȥʱĳ״񲣬һȥЩʱ򣬺ﻹᷢŭĵͺ
ǰĵӣֱһӡ
￴ľӵ󣬸һ˵֮С
үģȻݺңˡ
Ӣѹ˹ذ
ܿ죬ŪЩĲ㱻ǰǸ쿳䣬ҺܿԦľǻĲֿٵһƬסҳȥ·
ʱҿʼŬ˦ѵϵϵǸͻȻ쳣أһԽԽأѹҶЩˡ
һͷȥʱ򣬷ֱϵ֪ʲôʱѾ˹һյĿңǴһĨ˵΢Ц
ҿʲô֮ҪŮˣһҪԸңһΡ
Ų壬Ǹˣͷһ£ֽµĵ涼ȳӳ
Ǹʲô
ҸоԼ˰׹Ǿĸо
߶ˣȷԽԽЩĲȫ֮һ϶ֱӽҸˡ
лȻҲϰοԼԼƬ֮ұһ⣬һ֣ĳһӡǣȻ׼˺ϵֱӴ߶˽꣬ý곯ϴ˹ȥ
һâͻȻĳǣһ±ҺϵǸϡ
ߴһУҾ;úͻȻһɣ͵Ļһ𣬱㽫ϵ˦˳ȥȻһٰ˲˼⣬Žꡣ
ȥǸ˦ѵʱ򣬲ŷʲôһ˴Сĵˣǵ˵żֽ
֮ǰ˵Ͽ϶ǸһģֱӱҵĽˡ
Ȼвߣ⽣ҲǷӡķֻһ±㽫ˡ
ô򵥵һֶα㽫Ҹƭˣҵʱôûзأ
ʱһա
ҵȷѪ̵ĹƣҲ֪չʲôˡ
Ǹ˱֮ٴγǸٰļһ￴˹ȥΪһҿӦòǳӣȻٴȥʱ򣬶ʱɵˣǻǳģ㱼䣬Ҷֲˡ
ѵǰǸŮǳ죬˸סˣԲŻɱҡ
ҵؿڻģѪһֱһǰ˸̵ģĲţܹµȥ֡
û㺣Ҳȹ
뵽ҾǰŮӦòǳ죬ֲȫȷܶʹɱ֣һɱˣڶ
£һ֣ٴô߶˲ľ֮Щ賤סȥ·
ӡУֶκûôǡ
ٴδ߶ٰ˲˳ߣʼԸǸٵĳ챻ЩĲӦӲϾһȥ֮±㽫סˣһĺϣһܿ͵˵ϡ
ҽЩ֮˳ϸۣپ£ظͦĻ𱬣ûҵӣôһأ
ʲô۷ɣղҲûƳ
뵽ٴνʬ߸˳˳Уʬ߿аʲôħֻ֣Ҫʬߣ϶Ҫԭ͡
ƵǣʬǰһӦûУĩ˵Сû˵ԭˡ
꣬⵽ǸʲôԽԽͿˡ
Ƶң˷ʬߣǬ˱óȽǳֹˡ
ұĴ
ҴӱߺþˣһСʱˣǰչʼûйڳ˹¼ҹˡ
ô죿
ѵǴһ֮У
ⷨҲ̫˰ɣһӶûУҲʲôߡ
ǽһƣҪͺˣ϶ܹﵽ׷ʲô飬һڷϲˣʵǿκ
Ҿһ·ĺӣվԭز֪룬Ҳ֪ԵĻʲô
ӣͻȻһ飬ʬܹƻֻҪƻ󣬾Ҫҵ۲УôһƬط֪ʲôλ
꣬ҸоԼҪˣһ˶ûУи˳Ҳð


2329 
һطھʦʣһˣȺͶʦֶʧȥϵãȻ޴ңվԭãһô죬˶ûС
÷ʬֻΪڷǳԵ֪ҲʲôλãǽҸѵˡ
һ֮ҵĿٴ˱ҴΣ廨Ǹٵĳϣ˹ȥĴ£ܿת˹
֮ĳ죬һ˫ĿݺݵĵңϸۣһҲҲ֪Ǽٵģǿźһģһһұ顣
ţһסĲӣ׺ݵ˵ôװˣ֪㲻ǳ죬ӵΪһٱ˵˭ﵽ׷ʲô飬ҪȻҾɱ㣡
סӵһЦϸֳһĨˣֱٴЩ㱡
ǿ͸ˣһ֮ˣʼգҶδߵֻǸŮӣɱҰɣѾңҲûκˡǰ˵ʮֱۿ֮йᣬરવĻҼҵѡĪٴαʹһ¡
⵽ôˣĳĳˣҲҵڸ˵ⷬҵٴα
Ǽٵġ㲻ǳ죬˵㵽˭﾿ǲѪ̲ķ֪ҵͷģɱħˣҸһλᣡٴв
Ȼǰֱӱ۾䣬Ͳٸ
ЩץˣҪɱ²ȥֻ֣һٴĺϣ˹ȥȻҵһݵɽڣ˽ȥ
ãȻٴλܣһ嵽ɽ֮ϣĿԶҪѰչǵӰȫǺѹѹӺСɽʲôˣտյҴ˿̵顣
һͻȻ뵽һ취ȻҲۣⷨǾ˺ϴ辭ɣ󣬱Ҫ֮۵ɷ֮Դ˲ܴ߶˺ϴ辭ⷨɷ֮ɵˣǷ᲻ơ
ֻҲȷﵽǲǷҲȥˣʩչҲûʲôʧܹɺܶΪһʩչܵӿɾˡ
ãҲȥķɵ飬ΪѾȫ˺ϴ辭ֶΡ
ֻҪ˺ϴ辭ƻһۣǱҸƻˡ
뵽ұֱ쿪˫֣߶˺ϴ辭ֲ֮ʱˮһ㳯˳ȥ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬Ȼٶȣ˷츲صı仯һҴ߶ֲ֮翪բĺˮһ㣬Լٶȳӹȥ
˷ĞųݣȹĵԴԴϵʼ߻۶ҷߵЩĲԼٶȿήȥһƬ˷ĩССʯҲȫգ׷ױѿתۼĹǿֲ֮ӳ˼ʮ׿⡣
Ϊһ֮󣬵һʩչ˺ϴ辭Ǵݿ࣬һǰĽࡣ
֮ԶӣҿԶľʼĿήƣˮˮڶ𣬻һƬˮ飬ȻˮʧΡ
ԴԴϵ͵ҵĵȻִ͵澭ҵÿһ񾭣ָоʮˬ
˺ϴ辭Ҳ޾ȥҲܵһƣﵽһٽֵʱҵҲԲʱжҳܲסԱ
Ŀǰ˵һܹȥġ
ֹƬ̣֮Ѿӵ׿ĵطľҲ׷ױɵ˷ĩɢһ
ʱͻȻоʲôطЩ̫ԾΪܵĞų˱仯ҸоһɸΪ͵ﵽҵ֮Уǵɷ֮
ҸоʱΧĳ˱仯ȻһƬɽ֮УҸоһо˷硭
СŸ硭ôϽͣⷨѾƻˡһϤߴ˹Ӧǿ׿ĵط
ǿ֮һϲæһ˺ϴ辭ͣԴȥܿͿ˵߿ٵƶ


2330 
ȻЩԶҲܹжϳЩǰչǿǡ
дϲæɽ´첽ӭŰչǶȥ
ڱǵͬʱҿʼŸСϵʱҲϵˣȸңŶʦ߻۶
û뵽ֻ̽ԵĴ߶˺ϴ辭ĽѪ̲õķƻˣ˵ⷨҲޱȣ֮ǰȻƲһӡ
׵ľ룬˺ܿˡ
ֱʱ䲻ǸղžһУһֻĸо
һ˴Ƿ֮УҾԼ϶
СŸ硭û˰ɣչһң´һۣе
á⵽ôһ¶ǸղǱ˷֮𣿡ʵ
ϻһۣؿڵ˺ۣСţؿڵôһ¶
ˣǹƵģղҺǱԻסˣˣתһͱɵ˿ڲֻǲһƤǱʲôæ
ղһ׷ķ첽У׷׷űҲˣЩ֣óһ֪˵˵Ȧ֮У˴һͲúõķ󡣡Ӣܳ˵
֪ʲô𣿡Һ
֮Ķǻһ֮Уǣ޷ܵʹ;ŴԷѴ֮׾ٵ߽ģԼɱԼһʮ־ķˣҲǺƵķڶַˣľԲᳬˡӢүӵ
ôķ󣬹ֲҸղŻῴǡ
СŸ磬㿴˭һʵ
ҿͳ죬ƮˮҪɱңΪ棬һ㱻Ǹ֮еĳɱˡµ˵
ԭһֱŮˣνӢѹ˹أؼʱ̾ͿˣСţ򵥰Ŀˡٺ١һЦ˵
үⶼʲôʱˣûиΣһ죬߳ŭ
ʱ򣬰Ӣܽ˵Ҳ֮ⷨãϷһֱѰƽⷨİ취ϵķҪƻʮּѣ˶ܵ˷Ի󣬸ղǼСĲɱϷҲһҲԻټһ϶Ҳǵĵ
˻һڣչͻǵɫԵЩ
չЩ˼˵ҿҰ豻ϣҹȥǵʱҰͻȻ֣õңҪүүʱ֣Ѿˡ
ˣҰѻпΪѪ̸һص˹һ𣬽˳ղŲҪףȥ仨УҲǰүҡһƵ
㻹˼˵һΪǰأŵվﶼɵˣϽ𲧶ó±ǰոֱɱˡҲε
ֿǿգ˵ɫҲһ졣
ǿЩ˼˵ҿձѪ̵õĲϣ˵ֻҪˣջҲһɱˡ
ҡҿǿ类öΧճȥǿȴͻȻ֣ҲǰүҡҲ˵
üһԭ˶һ㣬ࡣ
󣬹պݶҳﶼʮʵɵǲţԷڴ˲󣬾ҪֱӽһȺ˸һˡ
ɴ˿Ѫ̵˲ҪԸչһңǾˡ
ΪѪ汻׽ڳļ˶в롣
ǽչͰӢܸʰˣʣµļֵҲưոݣһҪѪˣȫɱˣԳ󻼡
ղҪ㶯˺ϴ辭ɵһ۵ĵɷ֮ǿ϶Ǳڷ֮гӢүӵ
Ҳһʱ𣬶ԷҲֻ̫ܲȡΪֱӵİ취ˣû뵽ܹáҵ
СŸ磬Զұо˺ϴ辭֮ǶǱȥмֱ޵Ѿǿ
ܿƵסҪ˵Ҫˡµ˵
ô죿Ѫ̵ķˣǲ˰ɣе
ҾòᣬѪ̲ô˵Ҳô֣ʮͽȫˣǼһˣԺʮͽôڽͷ¶ҵ˵


2331 
˵׼ЩаûûƤģʲôɲ˵ûϵǵİչĸĸ֪ʲôطĿľǽչĸĸȳе
ԶԶԡô˵ҲҪȽҰȳֻҪܹҸĸʲô鶼չ
Сףż˿϶ҪȵģֻڰҪǹǲУﱾͶģֻǰڲҲǱˮڡɫ
С˵ûֻܵǣϷѪֻ̲һ壬ҪƾһǸȫˣǻǽǿ̫һЩӢܵ
ȥģֵ
ʱͻȻ˱ҷںӴԱߵǸٵĳ죬һֱڻǱתͷŸղŲλñ˹ȥ
չǿˣһ˽Ÿ˹ȥ
ʱұ˺ӴԱߣҵ˲˵ǸطҪȥ㿴СȺͶʦֳ߶
һǣŵ̤ʵ
СŸ硭Сȿҷǳһ¾ҵĻʦҲǼĲУϲȥ
СȣǱʲôҲסˣæʵ
ҺͶʦȥ׷Ǹˣ׷׷ţǸһξͲӰȻҺͶʦַ·ˣһߺ㣬һĴ߶˺þúþãһ˶ΪҲ߲ءСί˵
ûпʲô󣿡ʵ
СЩֵĿһۣҡҡͷ˵ûС
еĻ𲻵κãȴԽס޲֣ӦҲ̫ܵӰ졣Ӣܵ
ҵ˵ͷԭˣʵϸһҲôǹѾ꣬лѲɻһβɣ
ǰȫұԱߵȺҪȥһ顣
ţߵ˶Ǹغõĳ˳
һǽһƣôҲһˣżŻֽһϵĻѾûˣҸղŶ˺ϴ辭ʱֱӽǵϵĻɵˡ
һƣ˸ˣת
֪ˣҸˆ¸ʲôֱһնˡ
˿ĲˣȫΧۡ
СŸ硭ĵ˸ҸղһģһһΪҰأҪүүסңҾͱ˸ɱˡչ
СӹﶼܷһСϷܽˣתҪڴˣҲӡƵ
˭˵أʲô壬ȫƽأ˵Ѫ̵˶ˡʮϧ˵
̾Ϣһһ֣һշɣǵϣǵ˸ȼˡ
ܻаתǧأʱŷ֣ĽᾹȻͳ졣
Ҫ֮ⷨУҶ֪飬ԡ
ȻһˣǸٵĳʳĻȴһģǰһӶѵҾҪóһ
õ˷ӡеķѪϰϷˣϷ֮ǰǽ֣ҲֹһΣǻõֶΡӢܵ
ˣǲҪˣ洦ߣǺܿͻҵǵģһ߾裬ξͲҪٷֿˣٴ˵ҵ
˵˵ͷȻһźӰһɽ£ǰߣͬʱСǰ̽·Ҫ̫Զܸʧȥϵ
һСǰ˰СʱĹ⾰߳Ƭƽ̹ĵطǰһƬдеӣһߵƬӵʱСȱҴһϢ˵ˣһܶ࣬СһЩ
һ˵æСȸ˻վҵԱߡ
һߵԵʱұǰ˼Ѫ̵ѣô˵ڽϻģزصʲôӢۺúֵĳһ棬浶ǹĸɣڱˣУҲ½˳Ц
֡ǽϴŵɱħȻǲõķ󶼸ƻˡһĴЦ֮
ˣˣɣʲôǶȰǵ˷ˣλ˼ֻͨˣʲôأˣѪ̲Ҫ̫ˡ˵
ãǵţϾͳ㡣˵ţ㷢˻졣


2332 Ѫ
ҳ˿һۣôһ׼ϾҪˡ
˴˿ҲЩŲϾ֮ǰǸ˺ܴϰܹóǿķˣԲʲôƲ
Ӣǰ˵ˣܹóˣ䲻ᳬˣѪǲǻʲôǿĸִأ
һó
ƾѪʮͽӦòǿֶβǡ
ǰ֮С죬Ĺ㱼һ
ʱվԱߵİչ˵СŸ磬Сˣ֮ǰǰѪ̵һݵ㣬ǵӦûиӿֲĺеǡ
ģȲĸģ˿϶ȳȥǼڽϻô꣬նɹܣССһѪ̣ʲôֻҪǷ˱գˣѪ̵ˣһһȫҪҳʤ˵
СŸ硭лˡչЩ˵
ûǿѪ̴Ⲧ
٣ѹѹһƬüˣһ㽫⼸˸ŰΧ
Уͷһپʮϵߣɭɭüëһһףĺܳһֱ䵽ͷλá
֮⣬ʮΪµĸֱ֣ɢǵ˷
ҞųȫЩһֵʱұӦһЩ˵Ϊǳųüë֮⣬Χٻʮ˵ΪĲ࣬ӦþѪѪʮͽˡ
νʮͽӦʮڼǰʮͽ֮еһˣѪʥŮһţǸɱˣһûҲǱҸŪˣѪʮͽӦʮһ֮⣬ȫˣɼһʮӡ
ЩһԲı㽫ǸΧס
ǳüë󣬺ܿͱѺˣҶһһʮķ򸾣Ӧþǰչĸĸˡ
֡裡չһĸĸʱŭڣ۾˲ͺˣƱҪ彫ȥ
𶯣һͷأǳüëļһ˵
ʱ򣬵ȷǲһס˰չĸ첲Ҳһѳס
¶˭ҲˣõסĸĲӣǰչӦñгסɡ
о仰˵ĺãԹ塣
СչҵһӢܴʱҲǰһչ˵
չ۾ű廨ĸĸᶼһƽһЩ
չĸĸǱ廨ˣһ˶סͣʱҲ˵˻ֻܹء죬ǿ϶ܵ˲СľţǴʱ״̬岻ʲô󰭵ġ
վձޱɱ
ʱǰһ΢΢һȭ˵³ظʬʸһλ
Ǻڰüë΢΢һЦ˵˵˵ϷѪʮͽĴʦѪ硪Ф£
ΪЩֵǵĴͷˣֻվǰѪ̸ˣűȲ˵Թô˵ҲһϽǰˣҳƺһǰ
ѪФ΢΢һЦֵ˵˵СӻǶأֲ⼸ڽϻķˮҲԵɵġ
ǰǶأΪһǰǲеˣǽ£һһ룬ˣ֮гǹкۣҲֻ˵Լ²ãΪһǰȴûκΪ̵ļ˶֣Ƿ˽ɣҲݵ飡Ҵŭһ˵
ѪФ±˵ɫЩѿҲֻһ˲ܿͻָģ˵ǰϷ֪أѪȴûôأг𱨳ԹԹһ֣ʮ֣ʮ֣ǾնݳȻ˵ĽǻǶģȻץ˹ûжǷֺǿԿһͷ˿û١ٺ١
ǵҪʲôҰ裡ҪȻҾͽȫɱˣչЩͲסˣ
ѪһЦ˵ܼ򵥡ܼ򵥣֮ǰЩ˽ǵʦѪ׽ˣھ͹ѺڻĹٷרѺߵĵطֻҪ취ǵʦųȻͻὫǵ˸ˣǹƽףǾΣ
֮ǰһѪ̵ĿģľҪǽѪ̳Ҳ֪ҸүǵʱôģֱӽѪɵĻɢǡ


2333 
ϡǵã֪ĸ˸˵֮ԲɱѪ棬ΪѪר޻ĴãһɱˣĻҸ壬ΪĻǺѿסģֻѺ취
Ѫ޷ģ붼롣
Ѫ磬δЩǿѣҲ֪ʲôطֻҪѺȥߣǲܱųģҪôֱӾ棬ҪôΪٷãҪȫˣûӢվ˵
Ϸ͹ܲˣǲǵʦųǾͲǵˣԼŰ졣ٺ١ѪЩЦ
һ£Ѫֵˣֻʱ䣬֮ڣҿʦĻҾͽǸɱˡ
˵⻰ʱѪ۾һĨâ
һ˵Ѫ磬㲻Ҫ̫ҪˣǸܵģǻ̸ȽʵʵһЩ
ûиǵĵϸǲıģϷ˵үүصֵĴ쵼ҪȥˣӦûǺ׵ģүүУǴڵһҲЩģ㡣֮Ҳʲô취ʦų֮ĶԹһʹˣô򵥡Ѫ˵
Ҫ˵ǰ첻أҵ֮пʼȼɱ⣬һһٵ˵
ѾģʲôЦѪǽһصа̾뢣Ȼץô˵žͷŵģүү϶ûȨүҲΪ飬ţѪˡ
Ǹүн飬ǻںõڲĵز
첻ܼ򵥣һɢҽǸɱˣǸʦˣ֮ǰǻɱҵСʦѪʥŮϷûءѪĿҲ׺
ôңҸĸһ£һһȫôҪᣡչðɣеĻ𾫳ৡһ±ָѪ磬ǻ𾫳Ϻâ˸죬ΧĿһ¾ͱϡ˲٣վڰչߣܹоɢŨʵʵɱ
չٶʱѪЩ˵ľΧЩȫеķ׼ǣһʱҪɱӡ
ǺǡΪϷŴô˵ݻ˭ᣬҾһ飬鵽ܲܰ죿Ѫٴγʵ
΢΢鶯Ѫ磬˵Ѫ磬Ҫڽ˸ˣҿ˲ҸǿõǼңЩȫҪ
ѪݵһЦЦǾû̸ˣɱħţǺðΪѪǲɣ
˵ţѪһ֣һҧǸɱˣ
Ѫһ£˶ʱһŽչĸĸ߷ڵأȻ߸ߵľеĵҪŰչĸԴϿ¡
ҪչֵĴһŻ𾫳㳯ĸǱ߳ɱ˹ȥ
չôһѪ̵˾ȫˣһ˲䣬еķȫǷ
кܿ콫Ͻ𲧸߸߾𣬽Ǹ
ʵղҸѪ˵Ƿʱ׼
Ȱչĸĸһڵϣұ߶ԦľͲľ֮һǳЩ̵ļһϲƶȥûĲչĸĸѸٵİЩ˵ĵҲ˵չĸĸ
ͬʱҲС֪һҲʼжСһ֮ϱ˼ʮ߰׹ǣŰչĸߵ˹ȥ
˵˵ԷϷˣǾֻʣΨһİ취ǸѪƴˡ
ԴӱǰΧ֮Ҿһֱ۲ս֣Ŷֵʱ򣬸αչĸȫ
˫£ҶԦľͲľ֮ٻСȴȫӦòʲô⡣
սһ
ʩչЩֶεʱǸʲôѪФ¶ʱʧɫҪͷ˰չĸҲϸ߲ƶҲֻԱ߶㿪Щ͵Ϯ
ͬʱչҲѾѪߣеĻ𾫳ܿһųɫĻ棬Ѫȥ
ѪͣȻҲǳصģΪܸߣһ֣һѪǳɫĻ֮ϣǻֱϨȥ
ȻһŰչֶȥǶȥ֮󣬷ˡಡƿ죬ԲһȫǼ⵶һ۾ϳ񶾵ķѪӡ


2334 
Ѫⷨ峯ٷɱ֯õһֱʮо״У滹ιо綾һǰֲǣһѪסԴֻһԴᱻѪӸ
ٷѪǳ͢İɱ֯ʱѪɱ֮Դ䣬ԴʾԼɱ˶ˣûȥ͢
ѪӵʱҾ룬ǲѪ̸ǰĹٷɱ֯Ѫʲô
˵ĵһ֮󣬻кܿϽ𲧣˳־ͽʦִǬ˱˳ŰչĸǱ߳ɱ˹ȥ
ʦһڣǰֱײЩѪ̵һʦĹ޲׷׶ܣֱӸҳɱһѪ·
СȾ͸ˣ֮ЩüӣչĸЩȫסˡ
ʹӵðüӣѪ̵ЩЩ޴룬ִ֮Ӧԣ޷˼ɱסİչĸĸ
һ˲ͱһ㣬ɱַײһ
еϽֵķϸոһ򿪣˱㡰һȫɱ˳ȥֱȥԼĶ֣׽ɱֻĿǰ˵ǵҹѡ
֮ƴ⣬ҪǿԵʲôĶ֣Ѫ̵ʮͽ֮⣬ЩආǸβʲô̫в
Ƿų˶ʦ֣忪һѪ·ֳֽٰ꣬˲ŰչĸǱ߿˹ȥ֮䣬ǽסѪ̵˸ˣȻٴδ߶ԦľЩסչĸȫɢţұ㽫Ƕλϵȫնˣλ˲ڵ
ҽȰչĸʱСȺͶʦ־ͻҵ࣬ϵֵ߳ɱˡ
סչĸϵҲΪͨӣһͿƿ
ķƾ˵ˡ
λ˽ȳ֮ҿٵĽǿŵĶ˳
Щʧİչ׻û˸ҵлллллСӡ
ʱ˵̫࣬һ߿ԦľƳŲϳҿˣһкλ˳
չĸױѾŵĲ̫·İչĸףײײĸҵҴǳɱ˳ȥ
òײɱ˳ұ㳯ŻеķϻϽ𲧣
ϻڰæ֮࣬߿һۣȻеϽһΣ㳯˹Ͻ𲧷âչĸĸС
ƴԷкƺƵˣҲֻ߸˶ѣ޷չλˣǴϽ𲧵Ļ֮ȫġ
ǶλڱҾȳˣҲȫˣҵ̤ʵ࣬гıԩıԩүģСүúø˵ҪҸˣǳޱߵŭɡ
߸ոսչĸĸźãСͻȻһһָ죬һָأһɺɷȻ˷ĺɫС߲
Сȿҹѵľ棬ҲͲסˣֱӷһгȥתĺɫСܿ㻯ٸɫ׵Ĺ潫Ѫ̵˸Χˣһ·ɱȥ
ºˣߵˣ߸ֶԸ֣ȻЩԿǵʵǿ̫࣬˵ѹˡ
ʲôѪʮͽûиЩսŶӿء
ףһսʤϡ
οǻжʦֺСȣһϻֻչҲһֻβĲлڡ
һǽһ֡
һѾϹ̸˳ûƴֱƮɵϽ𲧵ĸȥŰչĸĸϽҲȫһչĸĸٴǵУǱ㽫һʮΪѵľء
սԱƬ̣ұһȺ֮гɱ˳ȥһһɨȫһɿƽض𣬷ɳʯһ㣬ȻһɫĽӽ֮籡ǰһƬѪ̵˴ķ˹ȥ
һȥҽûһ±ʮ˵˵Ѫ֮Уӱһն룬Щ˱ն֮ǲŷӦԼԼһ壬Ъ˹ĲҽС
ɱħɱħɱ˵ֶζ̣һҵһഫ˹תͷһһʮҵ߲֪ʲôʱվҵһ࣬һѪһʺĳһ˫۾ɫģǶһ
Ȼ䣬ӵһֶһˣҲһ֣ǰҸΧסˡ


2335 Ѫ黤
΢΢תͷһ˿ȥҲǳι״Դ綷۾СȴŻƶһ⣬˵ҲҪİٽأһɱһķҪɱţɱϻм׶һ죬ɭɭĶҿ
λ˭ɣҲ֣ҿһסǵ֡΢Ц˵
ʲôŵģѪ̽ȫҪŪЩˣǲѪԺûڽϻˡǸĵ۾ļһ˵
㻰أѪʮͽеһλֱӺԵǰĻһ⡣
Ǽһһ㶣˵ϷʮͽеѪǣǰȡ㹷
Ȼתͷɱһļһʵأ
ӽѪԪ˧Ǽһ˵
ҿӦýԪ˧ɣҴЦ
õҪѵж˿飬޹ǳ
Ǵ߳ŭһͨ죬˵ţζһ⣬ҳɱ
ǶȻ֣ٶһһ֮䣬һɾӭȳ˱ǣϴһŨŨѪζҲһֶ겻ϴζѬЩͷǡ
ȻָǶһԴصɱƿ죬ʵľһѣһأǰһǧʯҲܹһնΪء
ôصĵЩ׼Ӳӣֻ΢΢һΣһԶ
һվʲôѪǱбһѺɫĳĿ˹ǺɫĳҴʱѪζأӽ֮һѪ
ֻñţܹŵζȻо綾ģŵҽżһ棬ֳһȥ
λӰΣѪֳһһǺɫ϶ʱһƬѪһҺ壬ǵ㣬һƬѪ飬Χֶ
ѪǵķǰѽϺܹϷڳѪմһǺ޷
Ӽ˵ͬʱ˼շ䣬ϵҵǰѪһ֮ϣۡ죬һɫĶڶ
Ѫ˱𴦣תͷһѪʯͷ֮ϣʯͷʴ˵ӣڶǹİ
Ѫ̵а֮ʮǿġ
ڲ̫ǵ·һֻǻǵȻλȴΪˣұһ͹
аգ룬ϻǻ浱ǲèɣ
£еĽһΣһ㾦㳯Ӵ˹ȥ
ӻζһ⣬ҳɱȻ俴һɫĹȥҲֻýеɱᵲؿڡ
һɫĹȻײɱϣߴһ죬˴һ±˳ȥһڵһڵأ涼ҳһӡ
ѪǼҳɱеѪų˺üһѪݺύסе·
ŭһֱӴһ죡
һ䣬ܿɣ֮âһž죬һ񱩵ȻһɫĻӽֱ֮ӳ˳ѪǴҵѪ˲ϽǻͷѪ˹ȥ
ѪǴʧɫ˼ӽ֮ѳĻȴԽԽ󣬻ڣѪϯȥ
ѪǼ֮УæһкȵѪ黤ӣа꣬
˵䣬ѪǱ㽫еǰѪü֮Ȼ䣬ǰѪͻȻʧˣһƬѪѪǵ
һƬѪոɣ֮еһ±ײѪǵϡ
ѪǱߴһҺߣȻұ㿴Ѫǵĸվλȼһܻ⡣
ʱʲôѪԪ˧Ѿӵֵغʦ֣
˵ţӱζһķ⣬Ѫ˹ȥһ½ѹ˵ϣڵϹȦǻƲϨ
ȻֻǸոտʼѪ̵˼ȻҪΪУҲҪնݳԭ
вҲңǾնݳǷ˵Ļᡣ
գۼ䣬ұ˵ߣѪȻڹؼʱ̣ѪȫǻһֵҲǱյĻںڣݣòǱ
ѪԪ˧ɱ˹ʱŭɶ˵Ұʦ֣Ҹƴˣ
˵ţһɱ㳯һΣվԭûһƣ˹ȥ


2336 Ѫ컨
ָζһ⣬ֳһѾ޴ɱһײĴɽȷ棬ȷܹʮǿѹ
һ㳯ص˳˽ֵ
áһ죬ȻײһðһŻ⡣
ŽȻһЩ飬ǼһеĵͻȻ֣һȻҺն˹ȥֶʮ죬Щʤ
ڿĵ̴֮߶ٰ˲һǰѾ޴ɱڰ֮дһ䵽ѪԪ˧С
ֶΣ
ղһҲûöתǬȥ⣬ΪȻҲܱһķ飬Լʮǿ
ѪԪ˧һδ֣ܵһǾ޴ɱɱʱѪҲϢƬ̣һѪ˹
ٴ֣ǰлһΣǱû֮ǰǰӦˣΪѾȫ˽ǵ·
ǳҲϱƽʱұһεĴ߶˲ľ֮ԦľϲƶȥʱĴ׳Χסˣһʱһ˦֣еĽֶʩչ˽ߵȥԸѪǣȻһΣֳѪԪ˧˹ȥ
ѪԪ˧еĴһ裬ȫնϣµһξ޴󣬺üٽһζĲ㱻ɳ߶
һǷһﻹ˳Ƶ˻
ҸһߣһϿ˹һƫȻһƳѪԪ˧ؿڴ˹ȥ
ѪԪ˧Ǵɱջֱס֮£ֻһֻ֣Ӳƴһơ
ѪԪ˧һֵֻʱұ¶һƵóѰЦݣܹ롣
ҵһƿɲ˭ӾܹӵסģҲ˵ܹ˲佫ҵһƻд̺С
ײһ𣬶ʱһը졣
ѪԪ˧Ӵ֮϶ʱһɫĵϹðȻһЪ˹Ĳҽ֮ٴα˳ȥ
İٽĴӣһ±һƱɳȥʮԶײһô֮ϣǴҶˣڵ֮ڻѪӿģǲ϶Ҳˡ
ʦܣѪǾһͻȻһȣһ½ҵĽ˻ֽס㿴ѪǱ㳯Ѫ齫ķ񱼶ȥ
˵ѪʮͽȻʲôöʦֵ֮ĹϵǼõġ
Ǳа̣ǣҲôһǵĵߣǿ϶Ҫնݳġ
ѪǱٰ˲Ѫǵǰ棬ὣ
ӸƴˣǴݣªѪǿеѪҿɱͦϣǸ򵥹˼С
ʢŭ֮µѪǻмˢӵģϾѪͽܣЩ̡
ǷڼǰҺͰչʶǻǾ׼һѪκһͽܵĶ֡
ǽʱգͲͬѪЩͽҲ˵ѹɣһͬҲǺη塣
йѰһһɨǧɨȥѪýᵲʱһŷ˳ȥһѪǵؿڣһҲұ˳ȥѪ
ţҽŲͣһٰ˲ѪǵߣӵϷ𣬱Ҫý꽫Դն
ҾеĽʱѪǵ֮һĨ޴ľֺ;϶ˣҲôġ
Ȼһ㳯ѪǵĲϺݺݵĿ˹ȥ
ۿһҪѪǵԴն£ʱͻȻоһŨʵʵɱŵұĺë
˵ʵôֲϢҺܹӦһէ³ʱ򣬲Żֲĸо
һ̣еĽ£æ߶ٰ˲ŲԶ˹ȥ
Ҷ㿪֮󣬶Ǳ߿ȥʱ򣬱㿴ҸղվĵطƮһƬɫĻ꣬ÿһƬ궼һ㣬ƿյ졣
ǻ괩˸ղվĵط˲Զô֮ϣֱǶС
Ҳ˵ֲ͵ǻľ֮ľܿͿήȥȻѪɫǣҲͼӵʱ䣬Ǽô׳Ĵ׷׵˵ϣϳһһصġ


2337 Ѫĸ
һĻҶʱһҺøղӵĿ죬ҾҵǼôʵ˶٣һǻУҲҪɥġ
Щ꣬кǿĸʴá
ľĳǼôһ֮Ȼ㳯ǻƮķ˹ȥǺηΪҲʮǿҪ֪Ѫʮͽǿٱ
ڵңǿĴڶʶȻʮǿ󣬼иֹҲǰηˡ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬵ͻȻƮһƬѪɫĻ꣬Ůɢһ㣬ɷǺÿѪɫĻǰһˣܿƮɵѪɵλá
ʦ塭ѪЩĺһ
ʦ壿ʲôһ۾ѪĻ꿴ȥ
أתĻƬƽϢһκܿ¶˳һҪʱһղŻסľȻһŮˡ
һһʮƯŮˣŮ˿ȥҲͶʮ꣬ĸ֬ǰ͹ֱ̣޳һ׶
һòӣѪǾȻƺΪʦ壬ôͲأ
ЩƽϢ֮󣬽ű㸽ŮӵϣէһŮǴһɵ·ʮֺÿ
ֻŮɫһа֮ŵŵѪǿһۣõСӶʰˣҲ֪ʦν̵ǡ
ʦ塭ʰǣʵѲΪ̫ˣҺ;ʦֺһ𶼲Ķ֣ˡѪǽ͵
ҪʦǣѾĽˣﶪۡŮ˵
ǡ˵ţѪǼѵĴӵΡΡվһԣһģ
ҳŮ˻ȥϸֿۣв뵽Ů˳ģؿڵλÿҼеһƴˣֻѪǶʮͷˣôƺһò绨ŮΪʦأ
е벻ͨˡ
һֱԵʣŮӵһ˫ĿͻȻҵϣǳǳһЦ˵λС磬㿴ҳô
ֻ̫֮أϲͣٺ١Ц˵
СϲʲôͣŮЦ˵
ϲ˵Ҷһ£ֵϲʲôܵôϲľˣ㱨ɣ˵棬Ҫһܵģһ˵ˣ˵Ҿ᲻ɱˡŮס͡ڡһЦ˵С磬ĬūҵЩϲء
˼ҿζûôأҲϲ㣬ղѪǶʦ壬ѾǸһٶ˰ɣһԭΣǲϵģ̲סһءҺٺЦ
㻹ͦ飬С˵ûūҵȷһٶˣūиʦֽѪ棬ҵֽѪĸЩһֱչزǰЩʱյʦֱǻ׽Ѻ֪д£ѪĸЦӯӯ˵ţֻҴ˫е۽ǴһĨɱ
ǸɵģҪ;ɣ̲ʦ֡ҵ˵
Ȼƽȴǲ׳ģ꣬һٶţҲͶʮӣŵôģⶼ֮ܳΪפˣֱ
ѪǰֲĴڣҪҸүͻ۾ʦȳֲܹѪĸΪѪʦãΪ϶Ҳȥ
ڿʼЩģҵܲܿסѪĸ
ͬʱһ飬֮ǰǴǸ󣬹Ī⣬ʮӢү˵ܹóģĶᳬˡ
ƶϣ󣬱ȻѪĸĽ
һֱڰĿţۿʮͽҪŲסʱ
ãūҵλС͵ʶû룬ūЩչز֮ϻ˲ű仯󣬱ǰλС磬ССͱΪڽ֮ǼΪġѪĸֵ
ɿ佱Ϊһ㣬ȻҸѪĸᲢۡо仰ҿ˵ǰͷʼգѪǵ鷳ҲһģǲأߵˣҲѪΪѣߣҴǵ뿪Ӵ֮Ǵ·죬һߣԺ󻥲Σ
Ѫĸ϶ǣҪû̫İգܹ˵òˣҾЩ̫ܡ


2338 
ѾͷǸͣһԲϣ͸ɣ֪ΪΪ֪Ϊ˸ΪصĴۣ񣬰չĸĸѾ˳ֻҪǴӦٲΪѣҵԸ´»СС»ˣԺɡ
ȻѪǽһصаڣҺθɣ
ǸһصѾôӣ޷⿪ˣҲ˽Թ̫ĳң̫ǲõġ
ҾаĴڣǽصȥʰȽϺãе鶼ˣصȥʲôأ
˵ǷѪĸаȵһЦ˫ˮ۾һۣЩζ˵С磬ˣ
£ҳô󣬾Ͳ֪ôдǰЩ컹ոһܣéɽ֮ϣҲšѪĸҲΪѣҲҪңΪܹڰ֮ϣ㾡ܷ϶ڵģҲ뿴㱻֮ǲϵģǱ˴֮Ҳӡǣɵ˵
ŷһЦһŵС磬㴵ţƤıūҲĺţƾ㣬ҲܸչУΪЩūұչرɵ˲ɣǰЩʱéɽĿ²ֹǼСɣǸүϹתĻ۾ͺ⻹éɽǸڤֻЩܹǰյļ⣬յıûйҪȻéɽˡ
ŵĻľѣԭʲô֪Ϣй¶Ŀ찡̶̼죬Ūľ˽֪
ʵȦӲϢʱϢĿҲȻġ
Ƥ񣬵ҲֵķƵ΢΢Ц˼Ҫҽඣ
С磬֪ūΪһٶˣײôѪĸ˵ţ۴һָ촽֮ϣһʮ̰ң˲һƤ
һ治֪һǸӣɱҡЩִٵЦ
С磬㲻ỹǸɣūʮϲūһֲ֮һǴңūұ֮ĶԹһʹˣ۾žâ˵
꣬⻰һ˵ŵСүȶˡ
ҵ˵֮ʮаţΪǱϴбмء
аĺܣֻŮӲԽƯԽĵĲźá
Ϊֻܹˡ
Ůؾʮּ򵥣ǲϵĸ˯˯ͬʱ߶եɶԷϵԷǾ͸ˣֱӱԽԷΪΪС
ܶ˲֪ᱻваŮӵòԻ󣬾˯һϣ˾ͱեˣΪĻС£ؼܹһҹͷ˥ϲһҹ֮˼ʮǸӡ
⻹ǺõģЩûʲôΪӵģڶֱӾ˴ϣ˶ե˸ɡ
˵ʵڵģѪĸ˿̵ӵȷ쳣мֵܹסջһٶܹܱ꣬òڼ䲻֪˶ߺӡ
žȻҲ뷨ɥȻǳǾҲḻϴλϡͿı˯ˣһ˵ȫᡣ
֮꣬ûˣؼһûɶо
ţϻ˵ɱֱ˵αŪôƵģֱӶֱǡ˵ţұ˽ꡣ
С绹ǲ飬˶ĵҲ㲻֪ϧͲҪūĺˣ˵ţŵźɫĻ껩ɢֿϵƲѹ
ҲʾһеĽ꣬ǣеתŶ
׼֣ɭɭһЦ˵˵Сéɽ֮ˣ⻰ǲȫţΪûʲôˣұūеĻҪһЩ
ǲǾֵܼȫéɽ֮սˣԲѡʱ֣ҳʵ
ΣЩ˽ǲܻ뿪ˡ˵ţһ֣ߵɫĻ糱ˮһ㳯߷ӵ
һ˸ղéɽһսˣܶҲұո˵Ĳᡣ
ԣѪ̲ŻѡʱԸǡ
ȴ֪տʱʩչǷʽΪһͻͽ˸ߵһΡ
ĳ˵ҵΪûˣһ౶ƵĲʱ


2339 ƷŮ
Ÿ҆ô̲࣬סˣЩϵĻȻƮƬƬ絶ֲƿ죬߲ƶ
ٶȺܿ죬գۼһæ˼ͬʱеĽ꣬Щĺɫһ
һ콣ʽ졣
һһٴδӽ֮籡תӭЩȥԽԽתۼĹ򣬱ЩѪɫĻײһ𣬷䡱һ졣
һУô˵Ҳ콣бȽ϶һнˣ׾ٵı㻯ѪʥĸĻ꣬ΪһʩչҲǸӵǿ
ֻû뵽ǣʩչһ֮󣬻ûü⣬оǰһһӭһѪĸѾҵߣһƱ㳯ϴ˹
ʶ䣬Ҳûж룬ҲһƣѪĸ˹ȥ
ཻ֮дһը졣
ѪĸһƺߣƮ˳ȥҽҲһź˼
ʱҲŸоĴһ֮Уԭŵι˶ҩһЧ
ȻҲûκηղҴȥһƣƺʹƵĻƷݺᣬǶػûӵҵ󴦵ʱĴ˼ϸСĵֱӽǶظ߽ˡ
Ѫĸ֪ҵ·Ҷƴһ֮󣬳һЩƮɳȥ֮ϸСĵܿƽϢ
СȻУ̺⡭ѪʥĸЩ߳ŭ
ţǱ˴˱˴ˣôι˶ҪСүõ⻯⣬ĵһؾ
СӣС㣬ܹ쵽زˢӣūԽԽϲˣһ׽ȥΪե˸ɡ˵ţٴ˹
꣬СүǱե˸ɣҲһŰɣ
ţٴ˽꣬ŵķȥһһݺĽնȥš
һΣ׾ٵıȥţұñһæһȥ
ͷȥʱ򣬷Ѿ˷кּĳٷַ
һ꣬Ҷʱ˷ĞųһҵķҲȻս
һ̣ȥŵʱžȻӰܵľɫҲǵȻһգ˷ڶ
ָ꣬ʲôã
Ž꣬Щ㷲ĳܿȥʮ־衣
Ƭ̣ǰ֮ͻȻ߳һŮˣҿһ۵ʱ򣬱Ѫ˳
һûд·Ůˣĺõһߣ촽ϸòȣپµǴӻ߳Ůһ㡣
Ⱳֳʱÿڸ뿴ֲҿ
ƫƫǸŮЦӯӯһ趯֫һ߳ҿ⡭ʲô
ƵǣŮ˻ֹһ˷İ֮У߳߰˸ŮˣǰһһģһǳģǳȴһǧȫǼƷŮĺõ˿һ۾͹Ŀ֡
һѪյ˵겻Ҫô
һʱ䣬Ž꣬վﶼҶˡ
ЩƷŮ϶ŸĹ϶Ȼҵģһǿң֪ᷢʲô顣
ļƷŮվǰֱ˼˼Ҹԩ޳ܲһͽǸɱ˰ɣ
˺üӣһսʤԼеĽָһҵŮ
Ůû˿η壬֣׳һۣһ
Ѿģˣ
һֱӳǼƷŮ˹ȥһȥѪѪŽһŮ˱ҿ˵ϣʹĿ޺֮ΪʲôҪҡҸԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱҡ
ҿ⾹ȻǻǰŮǻġѪŽ˳ǳģͻȻһָС
һĹΧǼŮȫҿ˹ԽԽ
ղſһѵЩȫҪҿڵ
˵ʵе²ȥ֡
ŻΪҲɱǣӶ֮С
УҪסԼУ
뵽ֱӽеĽһ壬Ȼſ˫֣̾ʹ߶˺ϴ辭ǻǷֻһ취ȫˡ


2440 һʳԱ
Ҳ֪ôʱҵԺֻḡֳ˺ϴ辭һʩչӦֵ˵Ƿ˺ϴ辭յȫգȫƻܹԷתƵҵϡ
Ҳʵûа취ˣ֪ǰЩŮŸĻ󣬵ȴʵĿֲҲòġ
ֻʩչҵľУ˺ϴ辭еĻ󶼴ơ
˺ϴ辭һʩչʱһɿֲ֮˷ӶȥЩҵļƷŮ¶һޱȾֵı飬ҪңȻ֮Ի󣬵ڸܵϵĿֲϢ֮޲׷׺ˣҪԽԶԽá
ֻʩչԼٶȳ˷Ӷȥٶ֮죬ѾԼΪͻͽ֮ʱҶԸյľʬʱҾѾо˳˺ϵˮĸȫһˡ
ЩҽŵŮû뿪㱻˺ϴ辭֣֮ٵĳ߿˹һ֣ץסŮӵĲӡ
˵ʵһ̣ҵĸоҲޱʵģŮĲϸо˺ǣҶһС
һõԼܵƻʱ˻ĪĿܣϧ֮С
ںߣҲϣлΪС
Ϊ˻ֲò
ƷŮץס֮ǻʹŤˣһģмѵ³˼֣硭㲻ҪҡûҪ˺˼ΪʲôҪң޹ġˣҪ˺ҡˡ
ǳģʵ֮ģȴвϵĸԼһжǼٵġȫǼٵġЩͲˣ֮ǰǸͳһǶòĵˣֻҪҹһأұԻ
ţֱӱ۾ֻŲϼǿ˺ϴ辭Ƭ֮ЩҵļƷŮʼʹİҵĽ˺ѷһ㣬ϵİҷǣ˵Լ޹ġ
֮Ҳ۾ʱЩƷŮѾֹͣһţޱȲһǾʮ̫ţ촽ɱϵƾƤһȣЩŮȫһ߾ߵĿݹǣջ˷ĩɢƮɡ
ȻɵЩŮ˵֮˺ϴ辭ûͣЪǼ˷ӣܲϷİ˷ŹϢȫϻ۶
ֹƬ̣ҸоһӴٴα˵֮УǰľͻȻһ䣬֮ǰʧĻٴӳҵ
֮ʱ֮ǰƴǰȫʧˣǰֻЩŤ֫Ů߿кһԼЩѪ̵˶档
һ̣ȫֻصҵУҲٴ˲ҵɱ֮
һͷȥʱ򣬵ĴʮŻ⣬ʦڱŭ˻Ⱥ֮гײһʦֳײˣȫȼˣȼճһѶѵĻҽ
չеĻ𾫳ҲһĻ⡣
һǧҲȺ֮дһѪ̵˵˵ϡ
Щڵϵʬ屻ǧڵӹƷֽ⣬ϣһȫĶ棬ĳЩƳٶȺܿ죬ҲʮӴһĳѪ̵ϣҧһڣ˹ƶߵؿ°ĭһغ
ĻܹٸҲѾϰٸѪ̵ĺ֡
ѪȻգʵϣǱһص˺ܶࡣ
ѪĸΪһصһ
ڵƿʼתġ
ֹƬ̣ҵ˺ϴ辭ǰӵʱͻȻһƵ˹һﻹΪéɽմ˲зϣû뵽ȴԽԽǿˣ￴㡣
ţϢ׼ȷο϶ʧˣңСү˵һģѪ̵뿪ȻСү㽫Ѫеһˡҳ˵
˵仰ʱҳܿһۣ˺ϴ辭֮ѾӵһǱߣһȥѪ̵ˣǼֵҲᱻ˵Ա̸ͣ


2441 ·ɱ
Ӧ˸ǿʱֻѹ׵һУ˺ϴ辭ֻҪԷΪ쵽Ϊһ¶γ̫ѹƣǰѪĸΪȻ޷ȣյһ붼磬ΪҲ֮¡
ʱңΪͻһ־磬˺ϴ辭ʩչӵǿ󣬶ҲүԸһַţЩˣΪһ
ʵ֤үǿҵΪԽܹܵĿֲ֮治֪үʩչʱ򣬻һΣ᲻أأ
ҶԺԼڴ
˿̣ѪĸǸŵɫѾʮҲû˰֮⡣
ֱĿҺһŵΪһССֶΣܹ뿪ˣ
Ȼأʲôֶξʩչǣֻܸ㣬ɻлᣬңһ֪ʲôֲյ
ССͣ治С㼸У㵽жͣ˵ţħһΣٴҵĽǰһ˫ֱӳץ˹ʱҲŷ֣ŵһ˫֣˷ָףȾѪ֮ɫָ˵Ҳô񣬿ߵʱһ棬оԼĶ˼֣һĹѾң˫ֱӳ˹
ŵĻһæʩչٰ˲һһ䶨űӰΣһ˫צһ㳯ץ˹ٴζʱ˫צĴ֮ϣϽƤץһ㣬һĹ֣ǹ֮ʱѪƬ̣ӹǿôȻء
ָ꣬Ͽ϶Ҳι˶ġ
һĻЩľﻹӴֻòϵĻеĽ꣬һӿֹſңŵ̫ˣһߣÿÿһʮֵҵĽꡣ
ţŲϵתŲһ˫ѪצҲҵǰͣӶͻȻЩ̫Ծо˷󣬹ɭɭ϶ʱһĪĺ֡
ڸܵɹϢ̱֮ʩչԦľĲľٵͼסŵӣЩмܣٰ˲ͣĶҲֻӱܵķݶûκм֮
ҶõԦľҲ𲻵ãΪٶ̫ˣѾȥһҷ˽Ҫǣ˫֮ι˲֪ʲô綾ָףҸֺһֱҲЩηηβ
ȻҵаٶֵʣҪⶾҪһ̵ģһ˶гٶۣҵĽſֲɱС
û뵽ǣҴ߶ԦľʱҲڰҡ
һʼҾΧɭɭƬ֮󣬱оĳ˹ͷһͻȻѪ쳤µŮҵ󣬹ŨȻȲСϵĹŨҲ̫ࡣ
һﻹǲ֮ǰչҴһ
һ֣ҳײ˹Ҫ굽ҵ֮С
ڰâ֮УҸһһ±ҵ֮Уʱһɿֲ˺֮У۵ԴһΣЩԵ˵ϡ
ǰɭɭһЦ˵С磬㻹̫ǳˣо仰˵ģϵ㻹̫ˡ
˵ţһצֱӳĿץ˹
ҵЩ㱣¹ҪС
ʱ򣬴ҵͻȻ̽һѱâҫұ֮䴩ֱӴŵצӡ
ۿžҪˣûͻȻ·ɱһҧæջ֣Ҫеʱһѽ㳯˹ȥ
֮䣬ԼӰǸɫǿգһǿһͬȥԸš
ܿ죬ҲӦ˹һûײȥҵ֮ǰҲŴǬ˱нʬ߸˳С
ŷʬĩ˵Сһ˸ʬаıչ˳ոײǸʱܵĪĿ־壬̱˳һȥ


2442 ƺ׷
ղŲͺңҪ뿪ô׵飬ǹ뿪˳һʬ߱㳯ǹ˹ȥ
ŮһĲҺһ٣ЩҿҵĹڸܵ˷ʬߵĿֲ֮Ҳ׷׺ˣǰ
Ůĵͦߣʬס֮ϰ̹οʼȻתһĲҺһҪצңֻýǷʬߵ֮߶˼£ĩ˵Сҵ˸ǺŮӵĵֱӻһɺɷ˷ʬ֮С
ԱߵǼŮһʬ˿ֲϾޱȣҵһۣŵǻɪɪ
תһ룬ЩжУ֪Ѫĸ˶Ĺʬ߸ɵˣδ̫ϧСֱӸɵˣһСȻС
뵽ֱӹͨСȣСȺܿƮɶҵǰ档
СȡЩͽˣ㱥һ١ҳ
ллСŸ硭СȻͷһۣ۾Цһ㣬ʮֺÿ
Ȼһ̣СȱչֳõϢһޱĹ˷ӶȥŵѪĸųļӶһЩ˾֮
кСȽű㳯һߵĺŮ˹ȥһɺɷʱǺŮβ
ߵ齻СȴãתͷֿǿǷǱߡ
Ƿ˵Ϊ϶ǿסѪĸģôһ飬Ƿ򸾶Ҳ͸ѪĸеӣƾǶ˵ĽϣǰлֵܹסģֻǺ⼸УѪĸ˷ƵǶ˷׷׺ۿҪмܲס
Ƕܹ֮ΪһǱѾʱȶס˾ƣĲ˵һϵǸǧƾһʮĴɱѪʮͽܹ֮⣬Щ˼ֱͷģĹѪǱֵһƬˣŵЩƳ棬ܶ඼ߣԶǺģȷЩҡ
ֻ΢ͣһ£ұٴγɱȥǿһԸš
˼һ𣬲ſס˾棬Ŵƽֵӡ
ȻûϼУǿͻȻ˵СŸ磬ȳԼֵһ
˵ţֱ˳սȦ룬СӲǿôǻȡʤĻᣬһߣҹƼʮ֮Ҫ·磬Ÿˡ
ǿ뿪ҲûжʣеĽ·ɣֻһ͹תۼ䣬ָŹʮУоѹɽ
Ȼ䣬ҸоΧĞųٴηЩ̫Ծ
׵⣬ǿһƺ׷
ȥʲô
ջ˼շ䣬˼޴Ļ򣬳ŴȥŸһͷǿǱ߿ȥʮ׿ĵطǿոһָգ˵ķ֮Ϸֱһâǿǽâ˸յȪâ죬ʩһƺ׺ͷ˵Ľͬʱͷ֮϶ʱһͼֱѪĸӳ˹ȥ
СŸ硭ŪţǿԶԶĳ߼ѵغ
֮ǰǵͷĹ̫ˣûüǿΪβʲô̫вɣҲûŶ㿪
ǿ֮Һܿ㳯˹ȥ
ȻҲ֪õʲôֶΣҲںңʱ֣ʱ
Ž꣬Ŵȥʱŷ֣ŵʮ־֣ǲܶˣҵĽʱܹһץסҵĽ꣬ǽͣؿʮ׵ĵط
ҼӴǽһĿؿڣܿ죬ҽֱ㱻һӣѪﲻϵĻǽѪĸ׵ĵطҲ̲ȥˣǴ˿̣ҸѪĸѾܽˡ
룬ȥүģɱ㣬СүһҲɡ
ţƺʹͬʱٴδ߶˞ųĴҲǵâҫһ±ŵؿڡ
ҲǷ˺ݣһҧ̧һƣҶԺ䣬һȥЩãҲ֪ǲǿŪǷֶεԵʡ
ײһŷһҽУһ±ұ˳ȥѪֹ


2443 Ź
һе֣Ƭ̶ͣæٴζٰ˲ŷɱȥ
żѵĴӵﻹѪֹ񶾵Ĵû뵽ݺὭ꣬쾹ȻδɵС޸ˣղһлƺ׷Ӧɽɵľζģ
ңֻ֪
תһ룬ƺЩüĿǿ⹫ɽɵˣǲ˼ҴڵģҾͲ֪ˡ
ҳŵʱѾٸǾˣֱתǰ˳ȥһһߴ
ǽڻʧˣϽȥɡ
꣬ݶˣղĵҪŪǣˣҪߣô׵ķŹǡ
ղűһƺ˵ʱܽʱ򣬿һۣһȥ˲ŵĵУݱ֮ԲһЩ۽ǳβƣԴӻ˼̫Եİ׷
ֻһ㣬ұԶ϶ž˵Ĳᡣ
ˣպȻŪ˵ЩѪ̵ļһһ뿪
뵽żٰ˲ٵĳ׷ȥһ׷һһ߳˼콣еɨǧ㾦ԴԴϵĴȥ
ˣܵٶȶ˼֣ҵĸź׷֮£Ҽ֮䣬Ѿŵǰ棬Ȼὣסȥ·
ţ˾ߣûô˵ɣղҿǸᣬ㲻֪ϧξͰɡҳ
㲻Ҫ̫ϽÿҪȻѪ̽ףв
ô꣬Сү¹˭Ҳ˵ĺݻϼ˵ţһն˹ȥ
Ѿȫû˸ƴ˼ֱתӣʱǿѾ׷ֱӶסŵȥ·
ʱ˽̱꣬߶˺ϴ辭˹ȥ
һٶΪƷְܹΪɵˣҾҿ϶Ҫ׬ˣĺûܹ
ǷסѪĸҪӣǹ˼֮ҵ˺ϴ辭߶ĲˣȻһ֣һɿֲ֮㳯˹ȥ
űϾҸүһֵϽΪǰأ˺ϴ辭һʩչűо쳣ӷĳǿӳȥ
ȻŵĶ֣ҲֻҧӲͦţʱƣԽԽǿ󣬶Ȼ䣬ҳһ֣һץŵӱһϣҳ˼
ܿ췴Ӧ˹ҪߣֻýеתǿڸܵĿֲ֮æŲԶȥǱ
ڣҶ˺ϴ辭˽⣬ѾԽ˺ϴ辭Ĵ󲿷еĳһ㣬һץ˷ӹȥ֮ȫһȫŵϣֲ֮µЩԲסˣӿʼһһĳ߿˹
ҲŬҲڲϵŷԼԶңѾ޼£Ѿ޷ĴʱԼˣԴҪΪеһ̣ע˻³
Ƭ֮ű㵽ҵĽǰһ֣ץסѩ۵Ĳӣ˺ϴ辭֮ϵΪ
һٶΪȫ֮У϶Ҫܳһʱ䣬ҲǽסЩ
Ŀ֮£Ÿã˼£ķҲǺܴ
Ƭ̣ſҵ󣺡㡭Źңұ֤ԺҲΪˣΪСԺǼߡĪҪΪ
ţ˵Ļǲеˣең㣬Ź𣿡ҳʵ
ŵ΢΢һһĲȥղſŻʮңѾʮģͷҲѾ߰ס
ڲϵҵҺˡͷŹһΰɣʱ򣬸үĻЩ飬ǽɱˣү϶᲻˵ġ
Ҳʲô
ܾ֮ǰҸүȤŮ˻ͦ࣬ǶǰֳһѪĸҸүϲǸȷеκһ


2444 ſſ
⡭ľЩ󲻶ˡ
Ҹү֮Ĺϵ˷룬ǰѪĸҲ˵ҸүЩ飬ǵĽΣҾͲö֪ˣǳңɱ˱ɱˣҸүˣҽɱˣͷү鷳ֵΣ
˿үҲǸǷծٰ
뵽Ҷ˺ϴ辭ȲԾıŻ˲٣ΪҿʼЩԥҪҪѪĸҡ
˺ϴ辭ɵˣǳңǻҷ𣬾ҲɢҲ˵˽ϳʧ
ԥʱҶͣ˵ӡҸүϵķͬһ㣬ŵĻԻȥʡǱɱˣү϶ǳġ
תۼĹƺˣתһ룬԰ҸүĸѪĸһȵĻΣѪĸҸүķݶϣҲὫôǣղҪɱҡ
ѵɱңҸүͲѪĸ鷳
ǿ϶ģҸүҹϵãи̣Ѫĸ϶Բ˶ߣ˭϶ҲҪġ
뵽е˼֣˵ţĪҪңҸүеĻղҲҪҵƭңţ
ûûɱ㣬ĿľֻҪʦѪȳղŶ˵ǷŻأǲɱģҪɱ㣬үҲңְɣȥΪȫˡſ˵š
ʱȥŵʱ򣬷ͷѾһ룬ϵҲԽӵˣһʮŮģһϰʮ̫ţЩܲˡ
ڣЩ̫ȷŵĻǼˣµ˺ϴ辭ʱַŻࡣ
ʱ򣬶ͻȻһЩصʦ塣
תͷȥʱ򣬷ǸѪԪ˧нİٽصĴӣζһ⣬ͳ˹Ǽֱһ̹ˡ
һﵹЩηʦ嶼챻˸ɣȻеӹ
ҽһֻ֣һץһɿֲ֮תƵѪԪ˧ϣԭǳ֮߱һȥӾǷһٵĳҶ
ֻû뵽ǣһ̫ˣҪ˼һҪ࣬ĿıģͬʱҲҪѪĸȳȥܴ߳ﻹǰѳɱ
֮ѪԪ˧һ㳯Դ˹˳һ֣ץסǷӣѪԪ˧һʱ˺ϴ辭֮ס϶ǻһ飬е߽ˡ
һһײѪĸϣ֮󣬳ԭƵĺúõѪĸȻһײֱӸײ˳ȥ
Ѫĸײɳȥ֮ڵϹ˺üȦͣЪ
ʱѪĸѾȫһ̫ţͣΡΡǾֵĳ߿һۡ
ʦ塭ߣߣѪԪ˧ҿס֮󣬻˴ߴѪĸ뿪
Ѫĸ˸ӣ϶Ҳٿһ
ѪĸΡΡĴӵ֮ҽٴ֣Ѫĸץ˹ȥҪѪĸٴԼУȻѪҪΪУǾͽľһնݳ󻼲С
һץѪĸһ٣˼ܿͱסһôıס֣Ǵ֮
µʱ򣬴һͻȻһȺˣһͷȥʱѪ̵ʮͽһĵĳ߱ͬɥ֮Ȯŵ˲ٸ˿϶ǱһǸɱˡ
Щ˵󣬽ŵıһǣһ׷һ߲Ͻ˿ڵء
ҿѪ磬һ±㱼Ѫĸߣıסӣֵʦ塭Щ̫Ѳˣǳɡ
ߣѪĸ޺޵˵һһҧֵǸҼסһǵģ
˵ţһѪͻȻſſһھѪڤ磬ɢܣʹаӡ
ϣЩѪ̵˷׷׶³һѪγһʮӴΧѪգۼĹЩѪ̵˱㲻Ӱ


2445 ΪСү
ѪĸЩѪ̵˸һԿһѪѪ֮䣬ų죬ȻѪĸЩѪ̵˱ͬʱʧˡ
ǵٶ̫ˣһǸҹʱ˶ѾûӰʱǼ˰ղѣֱĴȣǵ󣬺˵ĵ˺ܶѪ̵˵ʬ壬һһͨɱѪ̵Щ뱻ɵһ롣
ЩߵȫѪ̵ľ
⻹Ǽ϶˵£ҪȻѪܹߵľԲôࡣ
ղѪĸߵֶΣԼҲЩӡѪ̵ֶӦýѪֶ֮θéɽַݷ֮ͬͬǣҪһݷҪķѺܶһַѪȫôѾֻҪΪԼΪҪԼľѪΪ
Ѫĸưٷ֮ʮϵΪҸɵˣѪ֮ȥܻܲŻǸδ֪һѪĸǸҾԷֽˡ
ҲΪ඼ҸˣҵΪͻͽѾԽĸɽƾһһεУٹһ꣬ҲҵĶ֡
뵽Ȼ˲٣תǰʲôѪԪ˧
һһ⣬˿̱˺ϴ辭ţϵıɡ
ǰľЩ˺ϴ辭֮£ҷѾľȻڿٵıݣתۼĹӴξС˺üȦ
Ѱ˱˺ϴ辭ɣǱĲϣڱݣҷҺһˣˡ
ѪԪ˧ҲǸӣסӵʱɲͣҴ飬Źġ
ֻȴ˶ģҴû
˺ϴ辭ɵˣϵٵʧҲڲȼյģܱĶ־־壬ǲ
ͻȻ䣬ҵЩϲˣѪĸ壬ԸԼСȥȡѪĸ
Ѫĸһ仰û˵ѪԪ˧û˿Ѫݶȥ˵ơ
СʵҲġ
һֱѪԪ˧ɵ˵ģƻаصʱͻȻ֡
˺ѪԪ˧ҲˣΪΪѾ˸ɸɾ
һɿ֣ѪԪ˧㵹˵ϣһ
ʱ˼˺ϴ辭Ÿҳ߿һһ
ɨһˣû˰ɣ
ûСѪ̵ЩȫѰ·ǱߵʵûȣһǧһųԷͳŲסˣһŵƨʵ̫ǿˡչЩ˵
Ǿͺãû˾ͺáҵ
СŸ硭һ硭ϻΪҸĸ飬ǷˣҰչǷչϵĿһһɨˣЩ˵
ˣĻԺͲҪ˵ԼֵܣڱʱѣһҲһȥֵܵľӦһѣ˷֧Ԯֵܣһ
չһ˵ͷû
ʱ򣬰ӢܿҵӣղǸƴ˿Ѫ̵ѪĸŮ˵ΪʮǿǸүһֵģղʮֵİΣ㲻ŵĶ֡
ŵΪȷҪǿӹæҿ¾Ͷסˡҽ͵
ôɱҡ㽫ҵΪȫˣֱӸһʹĺáѪԪ˧һŭҵ
Ҳɱ㣬ɡҿһۣ˵
ΪʲôΪʲôɱңѪԪ˧ֳһ˿ɻЩ㶵Ŀҡ
ΪСүˣӣ߰ɣԺҪΪŰԺٿѪ̵˻һҾɱ㡣ҳ
ǿ˵㲻ɱңԺͻɱ㣬ҵšɱҡѪԪ˧һ˫С۾Щ񶾵Ŀҡ
ףֻʱűʹ࣬ҪʱңҲʱ㣬ҷȰһ䣬ҪҵļѣҪȻҲɱ㣬Ҫȫ壬ԡҳֵ
ѪԪ˧ûĿһۣΡΡĴӵ˳ּһľ˹ȣײײı㳯ȥ
ѪԪ˧Զ֮ұС˵СȣСټʲôطȥˡ


2446 ԽԽ
ȵõҵ΢΢ͷС˲ԶѪԪ˧ߵķƮ˹ȥ
ѪԪ˧һüٽ⣬ҶĸɾˣҾӦøлңΪǡ
˼Ը׷¶˻ĵ΢Ц
еСšСԽԽˣڣҪΪǴ·ҵѪ̵ϳô
ҲȫǣղһΪ˾ѪĸĸҸ嵨˲ҲɱҪܹҵѪ̵ϳǾòˣڵ֪֮ͨصս壬ص˹β˳ѪԪ˧ܲҵѪ̵ϳʱһѪ̵ϳˣնݳҵ
˵˶Ȼչ˵ûźţǸϽ뿪ɣطǲܸصϵôʬ壬϶ܶ
ӦһȻ˱۷˸ղŴսĵطȻͿһƬʬ˵ĵڵϣ˷кܶƳصЩƳЩʬ֮ȥЩʬ屻ЩƳеĴƶǣòҡ
һ֮󣬱㽫ǧƸ˳ǧڳתһȦĴĹƳû˶֪ȫݷǱǧƸɵˡ
ԶվλϹ̣һֱغڻеϽԣϽ֮£ǰչĸĸнϽ֮λ˵һ˵ϡ
ǶΪͨˣֳ棬ղ߸Ѫ̵Щһƴɱǿǵ⽣ӰѪɽҪж̣ҪʵжʵЩֻڵӰ͵ϲܿĻ棬ͻȻȫѪܵչǵǰѪɵĳǿ϶ܲˣûбѾܲˡ
չԼĸĸ£æߣһһοţλ˲źһЩ
ҹưչһʼʱһڽϴȷѪ϶ǲ˵ģλĸǰ˶֣ɱ˺ܶаˣչҲȲѡ
λ˰ٺ֮˱㳯ȥ
һҹҲǾĶǣÿһζоգɻųˡ
ʱҲʶһ飬ûӵȷǲùҲ֪ɵûУ´γʱ򣬻ǴȽϱգξͳ˲ٴ
ѾˣսãһﶼƣʱȴǾΪҸղɵѪĸ󲿷ֵΪͲһɱˣѪԪ˧˺¡
ѪĸΪĺǿϾǸҸүһֵġ
ˣӦҶ˺ϴ辭ɵΪߵһ˵Ϊ˺ϴ辭һʮǿޱȣչȥҳΪµһҲָտɴˡ
ڰչĸĸڣǵĽų̾һЩ
·ϣӢܸѪĸ飬Ҳһһ˵ˣӢǰɫЩ˵ѪĸҲмʮڽû¶ˣʱҲһ߳ƵʦΪ˱ǵѪ̣Ѫ̲ŻһֱΪΪеģѪҲΪΪɵԵʣűصץѪĸŻɽѪĸˣԺ鷳
ǰõģѪĸΪ߰˳ɣܹ飬ҲǼ֮ˣҲ㲻ʲô̫ķˣֻҪ¶棬һ֮ء˵
о仰˵ĺã͵ǡѪȻȲһصۺʵǺǿģѪʮͽΪҲǼʶģòӢЩǵ˵
ʱͻȻһ飬㽫չ˹չ첽ߵߣʵСŸ磬ɶ¶
Ѫ̵ûɾ㸸ĸڼѾȫˣʲôûУʵ
չҡҡͷЩƵ˵ʱûʲô㡣
ҪȻ㽫͵éɽȥɣҰҲһڵéɽѾܰȫˣΣʵ
չһ£ǿԣҸéɽûʲô̫Ľ飬éɽǱߵ˲⣬¶Ҳһڵ
éɽǱߵ㲻õģžǣϴһصΧéɽҲв룬éɽ˵жģǲ᲻ͬģֻҪӵáҵ
չӦһ۷˻ȥʼȥĸ˼ˡ
ţã⺢ȫӢܿһ۵


2447 ͨ
һ·˵ţǱ߳Զ·ͻȻһ顣
֮ǰڶԸѪĸʱǿʩչһУҿסѪĸлὫˣȻʩչ˺ϴ辭ŵΪ
ʩչǸʮҵӡҼǵǿʩչǸֶεʱ򣬺һ䡰ƺ׷ֶ֮ǰûмǿʩչ
ǣұ㽫ǿ˹ϸѯһ
ǿЩ˼˵ƺ׷ȷɽɵзţ⹫ڸҺյҲǸӵĽˡ
СɽˣѧɽɵЩ˵ȥɣЩʵ
ʵСŸ磬⹫˶зţֻܷһͬʩչãǷҲҪమͨʩչҲ⹫ΪǷ򸾶˶ķŰɣɽɵ·ڸҲ޷ǿٺЦ
һ˵˵ͨˣ͵ѧɵзţҲǽɣ֮ƴûҪʹ
һǿ͵ѧɽɵзţ˲ˣɽ׷ʮ鷳
˵ɽɵˣȷЩֶΣҲһλʮֵ͵ĳ֣Լɶзţ֮ѾҲˡ
һֱûиףƺ׷ôסŵģҴʱǿԻֵġɻ
ǿٺһЦֵСŸ磬֪ˣƺ׷ʩչ֮󣬻֮ŸԭأŲֺҺŸոĥһЩŵҲǵһãűס֮ǿԻֵģֻҪΪԼɺܴˣҪȻ㵱ʱһƹȥҲὫŴѪٺ١
УУԺǾǿֶһ˵ʤֶΣЩ׶˵ģǳϽһЩ̫áҪȻǸ缸һһͬооƺ׷ҵ
ǿһ۵СŸ磬ҪҸղҶ˵ˣӡſţǾܺͻһǺͰչһ
Ҳǣ鷳Ժ˵ɣǱͭ˵ֶΣֻ࣬Ǽֵʱ̫ˣϧĺܡЩƵ˵
һ·˵УǱ룬һĵؽ磬ǻûҵҵĳӣ绰óһǽӴġ
Ͻҡҽͨ˵绰֮󣬽ű
ιүǽӵ绰ˣһ϶û˯һֱڸ绰绰ˡʮԹ˵
鶼㶨ˣõģϸˡҵ
ӽű㶨˾ͺã㶨˾ͺãʵһֱ绰ԭΪѪһħͷҲѪĸѪʦãʱ˸ող鵽һЩѪĸ飬Ҿ͸˵绰û˵Ѫĸ飬Ǳ߾͹˵绰
ңĴųȽ⣬ֻûźţǾѪ̵ˣһ·׷˹ȥ㽫ˡҽ͵
û¶ͺãҵĵĶû˯һֱ绰ˣѪҪԸҲıѾã浣ǳ飬ѪĸΪֲ̫ˣģүѪĸǼ˸ɱˣСʵ
ѪĸûˣΪ˴룬⼸ǳˣֻϸҲ飬ѪĸδǺնݳҵ
үţȴˣҷ־û㲻飬éɽֵʱܻųѪĸ϶Ҳκβ㣬үͷģѪ̵ϣҿ϶׵ġظ
ǾͷˣԽԽáҵ
ҸӺ˼䣬űҵ˵绰
ҸӴ绰ʱ򣬰չǱѾϵصս壬Ͻ˹
˵绰֮󣬰չ˵սѾٶ߸ء
ȻѾ㶨ǱҲżȥˣҵ˳֮Ƚչĸĸ˳ϣǻָһȻһ˱սΪһЩҪ
Сʱ֮սŴص˸ϵкܶ侯ؾֱӽƬӸΧˡ
һս壬ұӭȥСȸѪԪ˧飬ССĵк춼ˣ޷ѪԪ˧СȴѪԪ˧߷


2448 Ļ
ѪԪ˧˺ϴ辭ΪȫɵˣҲ˺üȦ·ЩΡΡ߲˶ԶڵΪصҳᷢ͸˵Сɹȥˡ
ѪԪ˧϶֮УսĿģɼ˹ȥѪԪ˧ȥʲôطܹѪԪ˧ҵѪ̵ϳǾòˣʱս֪ͨǣһͬȥѪ̳׽
Щִ٣֪Ѫ̻ôĶ׼֣ܽѪ̳ײһûˡ
صڵһҪѪ̳Ҳʲôرѵ顣
ս˵̱֮ɳһˣǰȥѰѪԪ˧ټ
⣬ԼŴ󲿷ˣȥʰЩնɱѪʬ壬ҪΧһصټЩͲҪĵˡ
ս֮һ˱Ҵ뿪˴˴̫࣬ΪչĸĸҲ˳ԸսҪһֱӻصϳǡ
صϳ֮󣬰չĸҰ˰ӢүӵĻȦ̸һ飬˴֮иӦ
չҪĸ˼빤Ǵĸéɽ顣
Ѫ̲һص˵ĸĸƶ̫ܴéɽ
չͰӢүͻϳ֮һ˱ֱ۷˺Ҷȡ
˺ҶȵʱһϢѾ˹廹Ҫϼ´ѦҵλүϣٹĹ⾰µ߶
˵һǳõϢصҶ֮Ǳͣĸϵλүӵķ֮УȥһɣȻȥͷ
Χϲů޷ǶԸѪ̵ˣ֪ûɣŶһô鷳顣
ٴοǺö˶˵ĶڣҲʮֿģǹڰյ飬֪éɽİղʱû̫Ĵ˵Ҳ̫񣬵Ƕӵʱ򣬽ԼзķĺۼҰղûеôǿֻǵʱ̫ңҲûи˵
ջˣָһͷ󻼡
ȻǱ˵һζԸѪ̵飬˵Ѫĸһ˵¶ʮּԼʱûȥ˵ǴûмʶܹԼҲܹѧٺöǿϧơ
λүӲǸĵʱ̫ã˵ǵϢԾ͸˰СʱǱ뿪
æãһҲƣ˸ط˯һ棬˯ţֻҲ˸طУһɵֵЩΪ
ֱڣҲ˵ҵ˶˵Ϊˣұ˾ž߽ʬͰߵľë𣬻ѪĸĴ󲿷ֵΪȫɾˣҵΪͻͽ
㣬ǸϢҲڵȴָ塣
ڻصҶѦҩ̵ĵڶ죬սǱ߱㴫Ϣ˵ҵѪԪ˧һ·ȥˡ
ֻЩֹۣѪԪ˧ûȥѪĸˣǻصԼϼңںܾ֮ǰѪԪ˧ֻǴһɱɱΪڶʮǰѪԪ˧Ѫ濴У츳ͽܣѧһ£뿪ϼңѪңһҾǶʮꡣ
ѪԪ˧۷ϼң֪Ϊ
ѵѾڸ
ⲻûпܵġ
ҾôʱѪԪ˧ЩĻˣѪ߽ʮ꣬ѧһ£һ¾ȫҸɵˡ
ԭǿѵģȴûУΪ˾ѪĸĸȻѪĸˣΪ˻סңȴûȥѪԪ˧һֱۣӾѪݶȥ
͵ڣѪԪ˧ѧһ¾ȫѪ档
һֻصԼĴƻҪʰԼϱУɱĹһѾ͸˺ܶ顣
ն񣬶թƽƽȥϰյӣǸӵң
ѪԪ˧飬Ҳûսɾ裬˸ĶսҲǸһ㣬˵һֱ˶š


2449 ɱ
ܹڽϻôˣûһɵӣѪԪ˧ûз٣Ҳ϶һЩΪʲôƽ޹ʷˣѵֻǾΪˣЩʲô
ѪԪ˧Ļ䣬׼ʱнǷɾ֮ȥعѪ̣ԣѪԪ˧Ǳɲܷɾ衣
⣬ҲһֱڶǱߣһʱ䣬һҪӴ̽Ѫ̵䣬ȻҪԣǾһҪնݳ
ˣǼڴ֮󣬱ںҶȰû죬չ˹˵Ѿĸ˼빤֮֮飬ǶλŴȥéɽסһʱ䡣
һʼλ˻Щģһ˶ҵڣϾҪ뿪ס˼ʮϵط֪ʲôʱܻбȻᣬҸĸȥéɽ֮ǰҲˡ
ǱҪȥܹҲܹǵĺ֮ǡ
ڽϴܵԼҵĺԺҲ̤ʵ
ڵĽѾ޷֮ǰϽˣĸϲ⣬཭Ща˵Ҳͬ裬Ϊ˴ﵽĿĲֶΣһǲò
չҵұ㵱棬ȼһŴֱӸéɽƽˣǴɻҽ֮ǰҽչҵéɽƽ̼һ˵éɽƽ̺ܿ˻Ӧ㽫Ӧ˵Ǿܽ͹ǣéɽ߻˹ȥӦ
չٺһЦ˵СŸôӣû뵽Ĵ£һ仰͸ˣéɽովһѣণﻹ˽ȥһΪҪķһۡ
˵Ŀǰéɽ϶éɽ϶᲻ӣǰʱ䣬һ˻éɽƴ˻ˣһ˼ӵıסéɽéɽ˵Ǵסéɽéɽôܻ᲻ء
ȷ֮ұ˵ҪչһĸȥéɽչȻġ
ʱ򻨺ͻȻ˹һ˵Ҫȥéɽʱˣ˵Ҫչһȥչû˭ȥԡ
һֱкͰչĹϵܺãʶҲ˺ܶ࣬һԺûѣȻ˵ҪһȥҲʡУҲմéɽûжãҲȥˡ
ʱ䣬ҲԺúУһԼΪ
һļϣܿ뿪չҵĳֱӺͻĸĸһ·¡
Ѧҩ̣ÿĲ˶ܶ࣬ʮ˴ףкܶ཭ʿ
ǿգѦСߺԷޣæŸֲƲһеģеҵҩҪһЩеĸǿҲܹ֡
ϸ˵ҲǳéɽһǳԵҩҲǶһЩġ
ѦСһôãǱѩ֮ˣѦСѧ˺ܶҽѦүҲʱָٲȻҲһʮֳɫҽߣҿܶǶʮְ
һЩСӣͷı㳯Ѧҩ̼ΪնǾɫŮûҲҪһΪܹһ÷ա
ҷԴӼ޵Ѧ֮˶˲١
ǰ³Ѹ˼ҵ飬˵иʩҩҲҩʩʵĿ
һΣҵǿ˵Ҳûʲô̫Ҫ飬Ƿ򸾶Ҫ뿪ĻʱߣҲˣûȥˡ
ǿȴϣ˵ǹؼʱ̣˵ʲôʱõǣǶҲ뿪ҩ̴ҲͦõģܹѦСѧҽԺ϶ó
ǲ뿪Ҳǿ֮⼸ƽ˾Ҳ˼찲ӡ
һת۵Ĺ򣬰չͻѾ˺üˣǰչҪéɽĸദ죬ƽһǵҸĸչĸĸȻҲʮָ˵ģϾéɽһδѣéɽС֮еͨ˱˴˸ɱһ߰˰ˣʣ޼˵ĶûС
ǿദĶܺˣչľҲ࣬ڰ·ҵ֡
ֹû죬Ҹо˺ϴ辭ɵЩֺͽʬĲˣʱѾܹµ߶λүӵķ֮н˳Ѧҩ̼
һǷ֮ҲЩƣ˵ĶûУλүӶһٶˣദЩִ٣ø˵˵û¶ʱ򳶳Ƥ
ӷ֮гĵڶ磬ͻȻӵһ绰绰ǰչҴģΪСӺͻѾ˺Ҷȣû룬չȴһʮ𾪵飬ǾǹѺڹڤ˱˸ɱˣ


2450 ɱ
Ϣһ£û׵׷ʲô飬Сף治飬éɽ𣬽ɱҲΪ飬ʲôô
չЩ˵ҲݣǱéɽɱˣһڸ绰ؼǱ˸ɱġ
ɱҳһֱӣæô¶˲Ǳéɽ˹ڤôô˰ɱ
˵ЩˣҺϻéɽ˺ü죬ҲȥڤˣһҰÿʱỵ̈˶ڳʹݲУɤӶѾ޺ˣȴԾڳſ̣ϣ˺ЩסҪģʼéɽǱߵ˽ڤһʹ˽ᡣéɽǱ߲뽫ôųԵͷֻǵ˵ڶһ磬ƽ˽˴㿽һǰյʱȴǰѾڹڤ֮УСŸ磬˵¶βΣչ˵
ǹڤеɲһܹܵסģéɽ˵ܹס죬ٴʮˣǱ糶İɣҷ
ǣéɽߵѾ֤ˣ˲˺ɱģһģһˣֱӾһ޶֤СŸ磬ϸ룬ʲô˲Żɱˣչ˵
ҳƬ̣Ȼһѵ˵éɽ֮⣬ͽڣǵ˳ܲסǹڤĿ̣˵յ䣬ԲŶʹɱ֣
Ҳôģ˶ҪˣϾͱɱˣ϶èéɽһšչ
ûв˭ɵģҸæʵ
ûаҪ֪˭ɵģéɽͲҳӣéɽĻ̻̣໳ɲ¼ɣҺϻҲ治ʱҲ߲ˣéɽλϵѺ֮£绰绰ҪϱѺéɽҲҪɷéɽ˻ҺϻɱˣСŸ磬˵ⲻǳôչЩߵ˵
һչ˵ҾЩסˣһ˵ôŰɣϻéɽţҴϹȥ
СŸ磬éɽҳӣǾͲҪˣһҲǿɾ鷳ˣҺϻӰб¶ȥ֮󣬲ףӦúܹܿ뿪չ˵
УұҪȥն˵
ؼҲðֲǸĦ˹Ҳ鲻ʲô˶˶֣ʬѾˣ˱һģõǰѽëмǧѣô˵éɽϵÿһ˶ɣҾûбҪ˻ˮչٴѵ
Ȼ䣬Ժ֮ͻȻһ԰չֵչˣһȥֱ֮ȥƽˣһ飬˵ҺҪȥֻҪߵéɽһܹ׳˵ҵɣƽɱ֮յķš
չһ㶣һѹСŸ硭ѵҪ߳
ˣֱӸ˵У˵ܿ˭ɱʣµ齻Ǿͺáٴζ
СŸ磬һ쵽չص
ˣСѣʱ䵽ˣϽǻéɽɡһʮǱߴ˹ӦѺչ绰ĳλϡ
պգҴ绰ˣǸϽɣһ˵ţչҵ˵绰
©ƫҹ꣬Ѫߵ黹ûȫƽϢéɽǱֳ飬һҲͣòŹܵģϾ˼éɽڲ飬غŻкͰչҲòǻ
ɫأԵһæʵСŸ磬ôˣ
ڹڤ˸ɱˣֵĿһصԵסҵ
СŸ硭˼˵֮⣬éɽ֮ϻһصԵףһЩŵ˵
᲻˵ʦֵģϾʦֵܼʮһֱܿ࣬ӽɱˡһԵ
ģ˵궼ˣʦֵģҲôǵĿıɱڡҳ
éɽкϷˣ˵ˣǸϽȥһéɽɣ˵ܰʲôæɳ
ܳŵס𣿡Щĵʵ


2451 ߲
аɣֻҪ˶֣·Ӧûʲô⣬Ϲͷ˵̫ˣʵڲˡЦ˵
Ѿų˷ȥ˵Բ˭ɱ˵ף¶Ѿðչ֪ͨéɽƽˣҲὫ֪éɽˣһéɽӦú֪ܿҵ
СţСԽԽˣһ߳ȥéɽ֮ҿûǸܹҳɱ˵׳Ц˵
ڵͷȷ嵽éɽǰˣ˭֪ڻɽһսʱѧȫ׵ĳͼֶΣܹı㾡С˵ܹҳɱ˵ףܶ˶ţǸֵõϢ֮϶ᵨĻӶ¶ŵģֻҪ¶ţԺͺðˡһ˵
뷨һȥǸɱ˵׾ͻḡˮġҳ˵
СšҲһȥɣéɽ֮Ӧʮ̫ƽӦòʲôΣաѦСվ˵
ҿѦСߣ΢΢Ц˵С߸磬ɩӻɣȻûʲôΣգ˱Ƚ϶࣬ҿкܶСһΣ¶ùܹˣҪңֱӾͽЩ˸ȥˣһߣܷɩӣ
˻һڣ˺ôЦһԵҲ
˭֪ЩһǳŹģûʲôЩһҲôѦҩ̵ǵ¸أĸѦңѦСߵֶҲȻ㲻ʲôǳĸ֣ǶԸʮƦåѴ֮Ҳ͹񫡣
˵ʵڵģվܹǼƷŮˣһ崿ˣһŶׯ
һﵹǺҸҵһΪ飬ÿ뵽Щأ֪ʲôʱܰమ
ʹǣҵڶȷҰǸ˵˭
ǱѦңٴ̤гֱ̣éɽȥ
ҵĳӱչǿˣֻܱҶȸξһȻҡһǿձ˳Ƶéɽ֮󣬲Ҳˡ
һ·޻ӽϣéɽµʱǺҸ˳Ǯ˽ű˳
طǰǻνᳵ·һ·Ƶ˺ɽųéɽĶ츣ضȥ
ɽ䣬Ҫӽéɽ츣صɽŴʱͻȻǸһ֮ԶԶľʹ˹ŻЩ졣
ԭһҪȥסǣ΢һȣԷʲô
Ҷ˶䣬˰ٲϵֶΣƬ̣㴫ҵĶ档
һ˵ˡǾҽȥɣҵܵˣǹʬģͨͨڣéɽʱ򣬶ҽȥġ
ʱҲ÷˵˵ֳǧַү
˵һȥģ֮ģҴӦϸģһ˵ʬҪаᣬֻû뵽˻ôͻȻһûиƽ˵顣
ǧַүĻһ䣬űһ˲м˵ôǰǸܻܵéɽɽųϵʱʱĸҲȥΪܵͽԵʣéɽôˣʵ˵˰ɣܵܵʬȥιȥİɡ
ԡֵܲԣéɽôˣҲǱð˶ˣΪֻҪʬȥᣬͷλͨһƽ˵ҵܵܵʬҰɡǧַүǰҲǸ֮߰ˣΪԼĵܵܵʬ壬ȻģＫ
ôˣϽپݣͲҪʹɱˣ˽éɽأûƽ˵ķԸҲܹϽһүҪˣĸҲʲôöҿ˵ôġһʿ
ǵʿ߻һЩˣסЦ
ҽһҪҵܵܵʬȥҪƽˣˡǾͷͨһɣǧַүٴ
žһİű˵ôģҪǰɣǱŵү֣ن£Ҳ㣡
Ѿȥˣֳ޹ģΪֳܵʬʲô˶Դ
߲ɽŻʱĸ˳ıӵҶǧַүһ£


2452 ү
Ųǹ˼Ĺ⾰ǧַү㱻éɽЩԴӦǾ仰ëķ˲缦
һɻֱţǧַүô˵ҲһͣĵܵдҲڶԴһ˼Ұɣ
Ҫǣǧַүѣ۸ҵѣܲô
ˣżٰ˲˵ĵطվȺһʱéɽЩɽŴéɽʿѾǧַүڵء
ЩɽŴéɽʿ٣߰˸ˣԭɽŵûô࣬ΪһصΧéɽ֮Բ֡ǧַүǱ߾ֻһˡ
ǧַүΪܵܵҲéɽΪԸ⼸éɽʿӦҲʲôѵ飬ȴûл֣ڵ֮󣬻ɿͰ͵ĸЩͨƽһéɽĶ츣ء
Щéɽʿֱӱһȭӣʮҵǧַүſڵϣǳéɽ츣صķ˹ȥ
ѾĻ΢΢ˡ
ס֣ҳЩéɽʿһһɿֲϢѸٵӿϵҶĻ죬շΧľҲٲϵĻζ
ЩéɽʿһܵҵϢ֮󣬶ʱȫסˣһ¶˾ޱȵɫһʱȫϵĽ˳ʲôˣéɽţ
ٴһ㵽Ǽéɽʿߣϸһۣһ±ϳ
⡭ʿһʿϵļһЩŵ˵ԭղһΪа̵ء
үá
ЩʿҲеĽϹϾĿҡ
ҵһۣ֮ɱЩ˸ҸҵӴܿ͵ͷȥ
ҿһſڵϵǧַү첽˹ȥһѽЩ۵˵ϸ磬ǺοأҪҪʬ壬ֱӸҴ绰ãαԼһܵéɽֿԡ
ǧַү΢΢Щ˼˵Сֵܡҡʵûȥ鷳ˣéɽҪ϶Ҳʮ鷳ұԼԣȥҪˡ
һ֪ô˵ˡ
ʱﴫһٵĽŲǿǣֱ˹
ЩéɽʿһôˣŵվһҲҶ
ղŶ˭ϸ磬վٴοЩéɽʿʵ
үǲ֪ѣҪ֪ĻҲ֣Ǳ֤ԺҲˡһСʿʶȤ˵
Ҳ˭ˣһһÿ˸Լʮӣ¶ҾͲ׷ˡҳ˵
Ǽʿ˴˿һۣ¶֮ɫ˭ûж֣ʱһʮĵվ˳ָҵ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǴéɽֳθɣ˵ҲһصаˣΪδ򲻵ãҪǿϴβéɽ֮սߣ
ǰӦǡֱıָ֣ʹéɽƽվҲģʱһ
Ҷ˵ֱһٰ˲ߣƱŸ⣬ǽһ࣬ǼһܹӦ֪ô¶㱻һƸȷ˳ȥڵء
ҸȦˣʱһѾ׳ͷģʱЩŭɶôҴңƶƴˣ
˵ţǵʿһѳ˽ҪǰȻһֳֻӾͷ˹һ֮УǵһΣ˲˵˵ϣʱɱĲҺ亹Ҳð˳
˭Ա¹Ƶζһǰһ˵
Щéɽʿʱһŵɫȱһ˾˰ƣԼϺݳһ߳һ˵ҲԣҲô˼ңҸó飡
һͷģҲ׷Ч£éɽɽŴ֮ǰʱһӵ죬˷
ղűǧסĵ۵ܲˣҵǰĵүƶײ˾үĻүϢŭһذɡ
СֵܡˡˡĪҪܵίûʲôġǧַүǰ
Ǽһ˺һҲſһһۣŽǧƸ˻Ѿ۵ûֱ̱˵ϡ


2453 ֵĸ
Щéɽ˰ҲˣǧڵǸֱֵļһҲſڵûƢ
ǻʲôҪ˵ôɨЩһۣʵ
ûˡ˲ˡЩ˶ͬ˵
ţֿſڵϵλʵλ㻹ʲôҪ˵ûУ
ûˡûˡүҴˣҲãҲô˵ġǼһĲ˵ǳ׵ıǧƸˣﻹ
Ȼ֪ˣǾ·ɡҵ˵
ááҴ·λӵϲΡΡЩվһֱӴéɽɽŴ󣬽Ǹ˽ȥ
ҿһߵǧַү˵ߣϸ磬Ҵȥ
⡭²̫ðɣһûоƽ˵ͬ⣬ôéɽǧַүЩĵ˵
Ҳûоéɽƽ̵ͬ⣬һҲܽéɽõϸ磬һ߱ǣµġһǧַүĸ첲һͬǰ
ǧַүջǵ˵ͷĴһϵĳмǵ󣬳éɽ֮жȥ
ǰǼ໥ŴéɽɽŴȻֱ˽ȥ
ҷЩ˴éɽɽŴķʽͬˣǰֻһ˱ɴéɽɽŷ󣬵ҪЩ໥ϲſԣéɽɽŴ˾ϸĵ
뷨֮һоԼˣֻǵ߼Ǿ߼ʱѾéɽɽŴ
ʵЩǴéɽɽŴéɽҪʹǺ׵ģֻ߼޷Ͻ࣬һУǱéɽɽŷ֮УɱֻûǸӰˡ
˵ɣûУҲһڷ֮УȻЩǴ뷨֮е˾Ͳˣƽǡ
˷֮ǰ߱дŽɫֵéɽƷһǸƷұ뵽ϴéɽ龰Ʒŵһéɽӵʬ壬һ΢΢ζ
ЩƷˣְִ˼ʮΪͽܣ˵ɱ͸ɱˣĺ뵽ұ־๼ˡ
ƷվһˣֻȺ˲ֻһĵӣǸһЩ֣أ㲻һͽéɽա
վƷЩéɽЩʶЩҲʶǴ඼ʶǣéɽҲһˣһéɽѵʱӦǸéɽЩӡ̵һΣô˵Ҳǵô˵棬ƴģЩ˶ġ
һ˶ߵƷʱЩɽŴéɽ׷׸ǴкǼҲĸǺѡ
ʱͻȻһϳ˸ߵǧַүָ˲ͽ߹϶ֳôôéɽϽȥ
˻һڣ˵Ŀⶼǧַүϣһ¶ɱ
Ͼ˴éɽ˺̫ˣéɽ˺öˣ룬ܶ˵ҲΪ˶ĸ˲޵˵ֳʶı㽫ǧַүԼĳˣҲпԭġ
Ƭ֮󣬱м˹Ҫȥץǧַү
һ֣˵ţ
λéɽʱǰһ
ţұλǧַүҴɽģҵѣ˭ҪҶһָͷǸȥҲǸǾ׹ȥû취ֻ˺ˡ
СѣΪҪһǿͷĵܵܿéɽͽ˶éɽӣĸĸһ˸ɱˣȴҪֵ̻ĸ磿һվ
ֳûдΪ˴£ͽֳϣǧַү˵ֳ٣Ҳ˵ʦֵܻʦֶͽѵҲҪһͬ˵Ĺ𣿡
˻һڣ˶ƿˡ
ֵǧַүĿֻһǴܵܵʬɽᣬéɽɽŴ֮ǰˡô˵éɽǧţ֮ףѵ˵ûǧַүģǳκβأԸⵣһΡ
˵գҶ˵˳ǰ澶ֱȥЩéɽͷҲû˵ֻǷ׷ÿһ·˹ȥ


2454 ײʬ
·ϣǧַүץסҵĸ첲ۿˣҲ΢΢һֱ˵ţСֵܡллллû뵽Ҷˣ㻹ңҲֻ㻹ҡ
ϸ硭϶ѵǾһֱѣҲԺôһֱѡҳ
ǧַүҲ˵һ֣Ϊһʱݺᡣ
߹éɽǸ޴Ʒ֮󣬺ܿһСʿӺ˹ʮֿ˵үƽ˺͸ĳϴ˿ȫۼ򸣹֮ǰƽ˱ͨ˵λˣСλȥ߸λ·
ҿСһЩ˵Ǿˡ
үˣλСʿ˵ţǰȥһ˸Сʿǰ߳
һεĴսéɽĽ𻵶ʮأҪϴιéɽһصͺˮʥ£ǺˮʥǺ޹˼ɣֱӶôģɱڶˣéɽڻָڣܶཨҲޣܹս֮Ĳ״
ǧַүߣҲһ·һ·ͣ̾Ϣţﻹ߶˵ܾܵʲôȻéɽӡ
ǰҪˣéɽʢģֻһϣéɽͱ˷顣
ãéɽĸڣǶ츣زûܵʲôӰ졣
ǰ˴ԼһСʱҵĹ⾰ǰųһƻֺ꣬ûʣԶԶұ㿴ǴϹŵң֣̽дǡ򸣹
򸣹Ĵſڣżʮʿһͬһ㴣
еģǷʲôش¼
Ǹոߵ򸣹ſڵʱ򣬱㿴һλ³ظʬ
λܳд͸һΪ
˽Ųֱͣ첽򸣹ȥߵһ򸣹ͷܶȫˣվˣĹҲҪʮϣһ࣬ʲô
һ˵Ŀۼϡ
ұ㿴Ⱥ֮һǰչһǻУ첽˹
СŸ硭ˣҪǲҺϻƶѲϵչ˵
ģѾɴˣܹܿɱ˵סҳ˵
ҵĺˡӭӭҸһ˴Ц˵
ѭȥ˵һλ塱ֱϵ׷ɷǣЦӯӯ
ţұһ֣˵ʬҺλǰ
һҲ׷׸éɽλǰǴк
ӣˡƶɡڴλƽ˵
ҴһˣŴǰ˹ȥʱһֱվߵǧַүʼЩһֱվȺ棬ǼôéɽЩŰɣҲпéɽĴ֮ġ
ǰʱ򣬾ڴмλãҿһʬ壬ʬһ֮ϣһײ룬϶ǧַүֵˣ˴ӹڤ̧˳
߹Ǿʬ壬ֱ˴ǰ棬һվ˱ЩʵλҵĴɣ
ݼƽˣɡǰһ˵
Ȼһ˲ţϴéɽѣһƶҲûʱȫλλҲΪéɽȫƶéɽǱʾлԺʲô£ܸéɽڣԺǶéɽѡɫ
лƽˡ˵
ƶС⺢˵ı£ڲⷽж֮Ҿͨͼʵѵõ˲ţ϶Ҳ֪ˣéɽֳ˱ʣ֪ܹæһ£ҳɱףƽ˿˵
˻һڣ˿ʼ۷׷Ҫ˵ͼֶΣĸﲻᴥǿǳһӵѪᡣ
Ǻܶȴ֪ͼҪƽַͲøַ󣬶ݲȴ֮١
ͼһ˵ȷЩˡ
ɳƬ̣Ȼ˵ƽ˹ˣҲֻܾΪܷҹȥʬ壿
ʬ֮Уҹȥǡƽ˵
ɵ˵ͷȻ󻺲Ǿʬ˹ȥʱǼҲЩ棬Ҳһȥ
ߵǾʬԱ֮ǿײ˿Ȼ㿴ɫЩ˵ʬ塣


2455 ֮
˵ЩĿ۾ɵúֱֱܴ컨壬ɫ࣬ʬ忴ȥʮֽӲҴ˿ѪԻǱķ飬ֿǹġ
éɽרŸֽʬ֮򽻵ɣˣֻҪǻڣʱҲܴ˵Ļ֮бʳʲôȻɱֵǸˣǵԲŽɱ֮󣬻Ҳˡ
ϵİײһһ㱻Ȼұ㿴˿ڣؿڴһѪܴһƬþĿڵλá
˿ڲһؿڴⶼˣǱһؿ֮󣬽תһȦֱӽķ飬λʮ׼ȷȫ¾ֻôһ˿ڣǴģԼãֵΪʮָ
ȻڹڤǱΪǺܸߵģҸ֣֪ΪΣȻס˿϶ЩأǱһɱˡ
ıʮζһ˿ŭһ˿֣òƻһŵĸо˾ʮֹŹ֡
Ҹоɱ˵Ǹˣ֮ǰ϶ʶҪȻҲһ顣
ʬʱߵǧַүڰ಻סˣһֱ˵ϣʹһ߿һ߲˵ֵֵܰܡǸ约㰡Ҫб£㰤˶ҲߵһǸƥʦǸ约㰡
ǧַүѾãԼֵܵʬԼǰʱ򣬱Ҳ̲סˡ
Ҳ㺣оӦʮֱʹɣ
δǶԼԶϵģһǧַүԼĵܵʲô֮ʲô£վԼĵܵܣѪһĸͬ
ڴڴмƽЩõ˵
һӦȺ֮ͻȻվһҲéɽһϣǧַүϸۣЩԾ˵˲ֳôéɽҼˣǾǷүŵģڻǧַүǡ
ʲôȻǸֳĸɽģ˽ҹȥ±վ˵
һ£ʼҺ˽ϵķ˳ŭǧַү˵ʲôĶУɼ˸éɽ˶ٳޣЩѾ޳ͷԡ
ϸһʬ壬վ˵λҪһԡ
Ȼ󣬵Ĵʱٴΰ
ʱų˵λǰҪǧַүǾ״ģҾòûʲôףһϻˣȻéɽéɽ޷صʧҲ˺ܶéɽӣЩҲܹλ飬˵ֳʲôϵأֻһֳԼĵܱܵɱֻĿţȴϾѪ֮飬һĸͬ۵ֵܣ鷢λϣλδأѵéɽǧţ˵ضûǧַүֻΪһֳݣԼ׵ܵʬѵҲд𣿡
˵ʱĿһһɨˣЩŭڵģЩߵģнγˣ׷׺˻ȥɫŭҲɢˣҲջ˽ʡ
˵ƴ޷Ǿһ֣Ҫ˵ǧַүϣô򵥡
˵֮һƬѻȸ
ţұǰһ˵ƽˣһ֮룬֪˵
ӣлֱ˵ɣ㱾éɽĺᣬһˡ˵˵
鴦ֳܷ֮ǧַүʬȥ᣿ƽϸһƬġҳ
ڴ֮ϵƽˣüͷ΢΢һܿҲա֮ǰéɽʲôԹҲѾˣԹһʹˣƶ׼ˣʬǿԴɽᣬҲéɽǽ˰ɡ
˵⻰ʱ˵ɫҲЩȻϾҲǸദ˼ʮʦܡ
Ҳ뿴ֽ
лƽˡһ֣˵
ǧַүƽ˵Ӧʣæſ˵ʬڵϣƽ˿ͷֹл
˺ˡλֵɣǻǻع⣬λҵĺɿʲôô˵˵ǺΪƽ˺ܿת˻⣬ɵ
һʱҲȫ˶䣬


2456 
΢΢һЦɨһˣȻĿƽ˵ϣʵƽˣһ仰Ҫʣɷ֪飿
˵ƽ˵
ղȻһЩǱһλΪߵĸɱһһ˻ǣһڳӦö֪һ֪Ȼ˱Ѻ˹ڤعڤֽҪڣʲô˶̤ģʣéɽûعڤʲô˲ſ̤Ǹڡɳ
˻һڣһƬȻʼ۷׷
ƽ˳Ƭ̣˵ڤǸéɽ츣֮ȶһռ䣬ɱķéɽȫ֪ǸطéɽĴ֮أѰǲ˹ȥģרȥǸطֻдéɽӺʹ֮ˣŻ͵Ǹطȥ̷֮࣬Ҫ˵ʲôܹȥǹڤӦéɽ֮ʲô˶ȥģһ㣬ֻгϼϵˣȥǹڤаܹųһéɽǰسһȫ·УѰǿסġ
ʱ΢΢һЦ˵ʵҪж˭ɱĺܼ򵥣ղƽҲ˵ˣֻéɽϼϵĸֲ̤ǹڤ֮Уɱ˵ֲǴģȻҪųǾеλֵܣΪǸһصƲģͬˮһ㣬Ǽֵһ𣬲֪ɱһصˣһصĴϣҲǽֵ֣֮һһĿõģҲ֪ڤֵܵиܳͽ
һ£ɽֵʣµһ㣬ҲΨһĿܣǾһصаéɽԵףһǳϼ߳ϼϵĸ֣ʣµͺܼˣǽеéɽϺͳϼϵĸȫۼڴ˴óͼݣȻɱϳһס
ƽ΢΢ͷϵɨһ´֮еˣ˵ڿʼر򸣹ĵţеĳϺʦʦǸλҵĺ˽ݱɡ
֮һö۷׷ףܶ˶ɵΪɿΪǶô֮߳һܹſ£Ҫɴ󲡳廹ʮ˿Щġ
ϸɨһִۣ֮е˻٣һˣéɽĳ֮⣬ֱ͡塱ֱҲ˲٣һǱչزģûйЩûйˣȻȫܹɵˣҲéɽޱ֮ˡ
ܿ죬֮е˸ԶӴ򸣹ĵҲһ죬ر˵š
ҲŹرյһ̣ޱ
éɽĳϣԼϼϵĸ־ڴˣһЩûйǳչصéɽǳǰЩʱգһصɱ֮ʱһΣʱǲģȫų֮⣬λĺ˳֣Ųһɱװɡéɽƽٴοɵ
ɵ˵ͷӴǰ棬Ŵſڶȥɻʲô⣬һֱĸʵҲûеҾֻƾſǸ˭ɱˣһҲ鷳ɾʹˣ֮ǰȥţҲ׼׵滹ҪҪˣ
һɴȺ֮һҳɱףɱһ߳ŭʹɱ֣ڵ϶Ƕ㲻ģԣվߣһֱĸţһ˲õҲܹѸٵٰ˲
ˣһֱ쵽ſڣÿһϺéɽǰԼضλá
Һһ飬ƵĳŴſڵķɨȥ
ΪǶߣǴ˿̣ĿɨЩéɽϺ͸ֵʱЩ˲ⶼЩƶϴˣһ±ָԼɱ֣ǻǰٿĪ硣
쳣ֻҺ߶졣
ǴӵͷһֱߵмλãȻһֱߵ˴ſڣһֱû˵Ūÿ˵Ķ˰֮УŵĲС
û룬ͻȻִӴſ۷˻ʼߡ
ԭ˷ٴ
꣬ڸʲôҶ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ҺߵмλõʱͻȻͣ˽ŲŴĳһ˹ȥ۾΢΢һУ˵־
˻һڣ˶һ


2457 ȱλ
ָķλǴмλõһ򣬴ȵ־
˿һڣ˶Ŀȫ۽ָǸλָŵķλźüˣǰš
һŵŵȫһĿ˲ɵԲһޱȵģ
һһļž
һ갵ֻҪǰ춯һȥƴɱ
޷⣬ŵ˻϶éɽȽҪĳϡ
һλéɽִ³ˣéɽóˡ
Ƭִ֮³ϻȻʮַŭ˵ƿСѪˣ˵ƶɱ֤û֤ݣƶһУϻ޷Ǿһ棬ƶûˣҪ
ִ³ȻǶŭɱ
ȴһеģ˵λĪҪŭӾͲˣȻָλ˵ɱֲϢŭ
ִ³˵ɫһ䣬ȥľЩΣĩֻһߣȥ
ִ³ϸո£ó˱վûж̫ĸλֻǵ˵λҵĺˣȻ˵Ĳʦ֣ǿ϶ƶˣ
Ȼҡҡͷ΢Ц˵λϣ˵Ҳ㣬滹һλã˵ıǸˣ
óһ㶣æһ˱㿴óǿһλãٴһꡣ
˵ɱǴéʦ֣Щŵ˵
Ǵˣն˵
ôܣʦǸƶһɽţéɽҵҵ˼ʮ꣬ôɱͽ֤𣿡óϳЩŭ˵
Ҫ֤ݺܼ򵥣ңǴéųϵڲéɽ֪ˡʮƽ˵
ʱڴмƽҲ޷ˣλϻȻ𣬳ʵ˭֪éʦȥ
˻һʳڣ˽ҡͷȻûһ֪ȥ˺δ
˵ǰ㣬õ֤ݱųϱˣ˿éɽ˵ûʲôϸ𣬵ڣǺпܾɵˡ
û֪éʦȥƽѾЩŭˣٴγʵ
ĴٴΰʱͻȻվ˵ƽʦ֣ʱһʦˣɫҴңɽŴǱȥˣʱҿȥҲֻ䣬Ȼ뿪ˣҲûж룬ʦɱɣ
ƽüͷһһ˵ˣϿȥɽŴǱȥʣʦܵû뿪éɽ

վڴſλֱֵĵһ֣ٵĴŻɫԼ˫֮ϣָ֮䣬˱ȿ񱼣ٶޱȣ򿪵ţһ±㲻ӰֱɽŴȥ
ʱҲ׹һûݲ㣬ղڴ֮һȦڴûпյλá
Ϊéɽ֮ϣȼɭϣǳϼϵĸ֣򸣹һϯ֮صģҪţվţ϶ҲλãĸλÿȱνһĿȻ
׻˵ĺãԹ壬éɽ֮ϳôӣһĻ̻̣ҴϷģʮֲִ٣ȫۼ򸣹һƬһһҲûʲôͷ
Ϻ꿴ķһ˹ؼ֮ڡ
Ǹոյ򸣹ʱ˶ɢվڴ֮У۵࣬һٶˣ˭Ҳ֪˭ûй
ȫ֮ϸôһƣɿķ
ҿ첽ߵ˰չߣСʵչҷԸ飬㶼ƽ˵𣿡
˵ˣ˵绰֮һص츣֮ڣֱӾҵƽˣƽ˱㽫Ϣɢ˳ȥ˵ǻֶδʲôͼ࣬㾡û첻ɵ¶ǸʲôˣһɢȥϢŵĻ겻壬ֱӾ͵͵ӳéɽĲ˵ǳͼҲǹ˵ġչٺЦ
ĺã¶βˣʵӣǻûʲô취Ҳ΢Ц
˭˵أҸƽ˵ʱӶءչգգۣЦ
Ҵʱ̧ͷƽ˵ʱƽȻɫЩȴǸмĿһۣ΢΢ͷʾл⡣


2458 ƽ
ɴ˿Կƽ˻ʮһ˵ģҲ˵ȥˡ
ͷ꣬û˽Ƿ꣬ǼֵڽϻĿǷˮ𣬱˵ڶǵЩ¼ˣڻģһصĸ϶ǱǸɵģǰЩʱհյķҲиԿģһףҵ콣еϽ𲧣޲չֳǿʵ
ڻĵĽԶǿʵ˵ֻҪ˱£κ˶߿һۡ
ǾȫٴεéɽéɽȻʮǵģҲûһ˵Сǡ
ΪʲôǴéһǻŵĲֻӴܵԭΪҴģһа취ҵɱ˵֤ݣ³Ҳ˺ò˶١
ԣյǾéɽ֮
ڴ֮нĵȴ˴ԼаСʱҵĹ⾰򸣹ſںܿΣһα˴֮У첽ƽǰ棬ͬʱһ֣һæƽˣѾˡ
ôƽæʵ
ɽŴһþǴéĵӣ˸˵˵˽ӵʱɽŴ󣬿ɽŴɽΪΣ˵ǵƽ˵ķԸɽһǳҪ顣һ˵
éɽϣÿéɽ˱ƽӦʲſɣһǲ׼˽ɽģ˵ǵõƽ˵ǹغéɽ飬ܸκ˵ߵʱ򣬻ɽŴ˲Ҫκἰ飬Ϊƽ˲ϣκ֪ɽ飬©˷ÿɽŴ˶ܷһ˵
˵֮ٴδһ֮˷׷׽ͷӶ۷׷
תͷĹ˵ʱ򣬿˵ı죬Ļ𾪣š
ƽ˳̾Ϣһεҡҡͷһʮ־ɥģϡ
˼ƽˣҲֹͣ˽̸׷׿
ӦҲһصéɽԵףڹڤܲס̷ѾҪ˵պһصܶˣǵ˼ʱĹ⾰㱻˸ɱˣ˿ηǱӣɱ˱ˡƽʮε˵
ƽˡҾЩ̫ܰɣſéɽˣʮɽѧգéɽʮ꣬һֱһദĶܺãΪҲǱȽϵ͵ǫѷΪǸĪ⣬һˣôéɽ飬ⲻܡƶ¶϶дȶȺվһλҲǡֱֵĳϡ
ƽ˿һۣ˵ʦܣƶ֪ʦܸһ򽻺ãΪ˵ˣéɽҲǵ͵ǫѷ裬ÿһ˶ദʮǢǵֻƤͻȻ¶Ȯ֮éɽһ³
죬ȴû˵Ҳ֪ô˵ˣéɽȷǰ֮Ŀõġ
ƽ˶һ£ֵߣƶûκûпٴƽвɽŴĵӣ޲˵Ҫéɽʲô£ֺαأ
û뵽ദôʦܣȻһصԵףǽţǲŵġҲЩʹļ׵˵
ǰǰû뵽
˶ֿʼֺġ
ʱһ׷õ۵ϵ˳ϴҼһ棬Ӧǡ塱ֱĵүʦһӦýʦɡ
վ֮ϵϢٵĳӣĪϣϵԣ˶ֹͣ˽̸
˵ϻ˵֮ȽǼһûмСʱӦò̫ԶüߣһʮҪ飬ǳéɽˣûһصˣҪһʺһ࣬éɽϴξһĥѣ˹룬ʵǾˡ
æһ֣ϹϾ˵лʦѣӽ̻塣
ˣ飬ЩϼһͲˣԼŰɡסһҪغɽţܳκβأƶϣٿϴεٷˡ
˵䣬ϵһݵĵ򸣹һ˾ͲˣҲ֪ȥıзҪֲࡣ


2459 úڣ
Щϵһߣ򸣹еĳǵıӰһ֣ʦ桭
Щϵһߣ¶ˡ
Ѿȷɱ˵ֱǴéĳˡ
Ŀǰ˵˭Ҳ֪ӵʲôط
ղǸ塱ֱʦ˵ɽûмСʱ϶ܲԶǰڼСʱʱ䣬˶Ѿܵǧ￪ĵط
Ǽλ޵ʦ棬֪ǸʲôӣûмɻͶ
ˣǿ϶ҲҸүһû֤
һʼ˵飬վڴǰƽˣͻȻɿһֹͣ˽̸
óϺڣƽ˳
ڣó˴վ첽ߵǰһ֣֣ص
ڣƶƽ̵㣬֮ڣ˼éɽܰ쵽ƽ˵
ȥ죡óһ֣ʱתŴȥ
һͬȥģ߰˸ֱֵĶ֣һͬ߳򸣹
ʱƽЩȻĻ˻֣˵ˣһ䣬һﶼɢ˰ɣغԼأɽŴ֮ҪϼӷЩֹȥһһصԵףéɽҲָƣҲصһεĸޡ
˶վе˴м䣬ƽ˹ֵ
˵ţ˱ٵ˳򸣹ӹ⾰˱Ѿ߹ˡ
˶ߵĲʱ֮оͻʣǾ׵ˣéɽƽˡ
ʱƽ˲Ŵǰһ֣˵лλʩԮ֣ҪȻǻҲɱ׵ǺˣһéɽѣƶҲûüλлչ˲ܣȫ
ƽ̫ˣӦģֻЩǣ֪éɽ֮ܲܽ˸ץҲ޵ǵ˵
鲻˵éɽרƹéɽ̷ڣרŴéɽͶéɽش֮ˣǴһ׷ЩƶҲƽʵ
ܰһЩæܹҵںδɿƽˣͻȻðôһ䡣
ƽһ£æ˻棿
ȫ֤ǿһԣֻƽ˰æ˵סȥһơɵ
˵ƶͿԴǹȥƽ˵ţȱ㳯Ŵȥҿһۣ֪«ʲôҩȴֻص΢΢Цţһ仰Ҳû˵ʾǸŹȥǡ
׼Ҫ߳ǧַүѾ˵ʬӵϣһȥ
һﶼߣһһټʮ˵Ҳо̫أֻҾóص飬һͷѾ߰׵˱Լ׵ܵܵʬģĪľͻᱻһ¡
ǧַүһۣҲûٶԣ߳򸣹Ŵéķȥ
ééɽǣ򸣹кܳһξҪߣȻ֪ڣҴûȥȥĵطҲҢéɽС
ɵ廹ûлָã·ʱ䳤˶ԵʮƣһһԲ
СȸҢ˺͹ūĹϵһܺãճ򸣹֪һ˵Ҫȥҹūȥ棬ҲӦˣСעһЩҪܣһǵʿéɽ洦߶ȷЩ̫񻰣һʶģõСȴ
ڣСҲéɽΣҢסĵطҲᳵ·
·ϣҸչĸٺûУչԵͦ˵ģ˵һʼéɽʱЩ̫Ӧ֮󣬾;طҲܺãоǸԴƵģڼҵĸĸ֮˶ĵҸĸסԺԱߣְһסʮǢ
֮Ҳܿģ˶ˣǶùµéɽСϵʣµѾˣüٿˣҲʣ˼ʮ
һ·˵䣬Ǳ㵽˴éأطȻҲǷأΣķΪéɽƽ̣Щ˼˵㲻ʲôǺɵı㴩˸ֱӵ˴éĸء
һ·֮ϣҲԿéܶ෨бƻļ󣬺ܶľգЩϻŵףЩ벻ˣȻҲһصԵףΪʲô򿪴éķ󣬽һص˸Žȥأ
ѵΪԼݣ
ĻǱصĻҪ


2460 
éĸ֮󣬺ܿ췢ⷨӳ֮һж죬ɽһƬܼԺ䣬ԶԶı㿴ǰɽƹ㣬Ӱ߶
ƽ˼еҪҵˣһ·֮϶ǽŲҴңǿ첽ǰС
ܿ죬˱㵽˰ɽ·éһЩӣƽ˹׷׹񣬹ƺһƽˣ˼Ҳֻ΢΢ͷԣǰȥ
ڰɽʮӣڶլԺ֮д󣬶ȻתһС·С·תвʱһƬ֣Ȼ㿴һСԺСԺԺŽգǲûƽһƣԺű㱻ˡ
СԺǴé˵ס
һ룬ҲĴƣСԺ֮໨ݲݣԱ߻һ˵أԼã˻һʮȤ֮ˣһéɽס˼ʮ꣬͵ǫѷ֮ˣȻһصԵס
СԺķ䣬İҲʮֵļ򵥣ΰʣȫʰʮָɾֻɨһۣƽ˱ߵ˵ңⱻҲǵ롣
˵֮ƽ˱㿴ɵλҺ˵Ҫƶ˵סǣ˴˴ҵ˵𣿡
԰ɡ˵ţ㳯Ĵ̵ķȥ۾ĴģҺܿ˹Ҫʲôˡ
ʩչһǧ׷˵Ҫ׷֮˵ëȻһֽ˻ߵˣʩչȷĳ˵ķλڻܽ˵Ļǧ֮⹴ǲ˻ֽ˵ϣ
ʱ˵Ĵҵ˼˵ͷִĴ֮·ҳ˼·ĵ˵ͷ
ƽ˿ˣűüͷ˵λҺ㲻üŵë׷ٵŵķλɣƵֶΣéɽҲмңΪƶڲ֮䣬ǿƽʬ趼СֶҵǸǲܵģܹܿɵľͿ
ƽ˵ļǣҪƾֶΣȷκβˣһҲ֪Ҷ˵ЩصķţԲ˲ҶʩչӶܹҵټɵ˵
ˣǾٺòˡƽЩ˵
Ҫһ˹ҡ˵ţתͷĹһۣȻҵСţɣ¼ͷҡ
Ӧһ˹ȥͷϾ˼ͷȻҲ֪ڸʲô֪дġ
ӹҵͷ֮󣬽Ӵ֮ϼ񵽵˵ͷۺһ𣬱黨һ״Ȼ˻ֽҺ˵ͷǻֽһ
Щֿ֮һԵƽˣƽˣ֪˵֣֪Ļã֪ĻҲʩչЧҲһЩ
ƽϸƬ̣˵ƶ治֪Ȧӣһ㶼ʮأ͸©ģɱ֮
˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣֻôˡ
˵ţִϵĿڴһˣҲ֪ʲôʱ׼ģ㽫ҺͷĻֽǲ˵ؿ֮УĬ˼ǲˡ䡱һȼƺǵ˻ûȼոɾʱֽ˵ļ·ȼŵĵϣһȼˡ
·Ͳ˶չ֮ҵĿĪ˼£ɵúҲʼЩأʱ䲻ܿͻָ
ʱſҵղʩչ洫գͨСſڰ֮ڸӦĵ˵ķλӶܹҵֻһָоԽСŵĸоͻԽǿҡ
ǲҲһܹӦСţ̲סʵ
ǲᣬ˸ӦСţϾˣСһҲ׷ϣĺôֻСŵ˹ȻȴоκСš͵
ȥ֮ڣ˵ӵǧ֮ˣҪˣҲǴɣֵ
λСʦ˵ļǣҲ𲻵̫ãܲµȥҰɣƽɻ


2461 
΢΢һЦ˵ʵҲܼ򵥣һҿ㣬ܹ˴ӵķλʱСſųǸһֱӽ˵ʱȻиӦԽӦԽ󣬵ʮ׷Χ֮ڣʮʱҪСˣأǧ֡
˵ʱдϲƽ˸Ǽ˵ãû뵽һ뻯ı¡
ЩǵĿһۣʵڵ״ܹвô
Ҳûе֮ǰüμݣʱܺãڲ֮󣬵һѪ˳ֲ飬ʮԪģ浣ݲ֮ϼˡ
ͷһۣ΢Ц˵õңҵԼ֪éɽƽˣʬ黹ǧַүȥᣬܻҪġ
ƽ˰˰֣˵˵ﻰҪ˵Ƿ飬ҲéɽǷǵģϴéɽѣҪǼ˹ֵһǰգ˵éɽĶ츣ѾոƻˣǵĶǴ죬飬˶ѾˣٴĶԹҲи˽ᣬʬļҲӦġ
ǧַүæʬһԣ˵ڳλĶˣлǣлƽˣ塭Ϊ
˵ţǧַүҪͷȴƽ˸˺ˣҪᣬǸϽһߵķλɡ
ɵ˵ͷߵһԲ֮ǰǿǱѾԲ֮ϵĶȫʰɾһԣóһƲ棬ǿƲ滹˾һ·Щë֮Ķ
ţұ㿴ٴó˼ŻֽһΣ˰֮Уǻֽ䡱ȼĿҲһֱдʡ
գ˼ףһ˳̸ֽ˳Բ֮ϡ
һóʱָٵתƮҡ
ͷһϵĹףüͷָͷٵĻָʲô
һ׳˺üιףǲתָȶǼ˵ͷһָָϷ
ϣƽ˽סѿڶ
ۡһ죬ƽ˻һ䣬ڲһѪ˳Ѫ涼ѪȻ΢΢һΣֱͦͦı㳯ź浹ȥ
ҾһæסˣҲȫΧ
ڻȥ֮ǰ۾ץסҵ֣ʮּѵ˵ССšϣֻҪ㡭ܸӦҡ
ʣµ仰û˵꣬һ˹ȥ
ʱƽ˱֣̽һ±һ徹ȻԪҪʮµĲµ߶
ƽ˵ҵǷֻҪҪʮµĻǿԵģҲûʲôҪ鷢
ţб㽫˵ĴϣȻձǰȥ˼Сҩ裬죬˽ȥתͷ˵Ѧҩ̰æʱѦһЩҩǶ֢״ģЩ죬Һǿкɡ
ôУһҪСŸȥ׽ءǿЩ̫˵
㲻ȥˣúéɽţҺСһȥЦ˵
ǶȥˣԼһȥͺãĿȽСҲױ˸֡ҵ
ôУһ˸һصһô죿ӦĶûУôҲҪ˵ġһ
һ屾û䣬ŰɣԼȥãҪҵ΢Цŵ
ײסû˸ţһ֪ͨõˣҲȥϷ򣬵ʱ֮ҲиӦƽ˵
Ҳãõڣ϶ûɶˡһµ
ҲܣҷҪ㣬ôһУéɽܾñŤҸһȥɣطҿɴסм
ҿһϻջǵҲãϻһȥɣĶһҪչ˺Ļ֮ڣܹ˴éɽ
Ǿˣƶéɽ֮ϵǵĺϢƽɫ


2462 Ӧ
²˳٣ȻѾұ϶ڶ֮ǰƽָҼŴ˵ͨ⴫ϵҲ֪ͨó˳ϷȥҺϻ첻˵飬Żϵéɽõˣ˶ˣٽ׽ûéɽҲ١
ƽ˵˵Ϊܸߣڲ֮䣬ֻΪһ͵֪ҺϻһҪ߾裬ǧ򲻿С
ƽ˵Ĵ֮Һϻ̶ɽ˳㽫СҲ˹ǿչ֮⣬һͬ͵ɽŴ
ǱˣǱɽŴС˳ȥ
Ҹϻɽ;б㽫ϵ·ȫһƤߣʱ򼴱Ҹһ棬ҲϲҺϻǶ֡
룬˼Ȼɱˣ֮ǰéɽʱһ໥ġ
֪飬˿϶Ҳ֪
֮ɱһǵһڹڤܲס̷ֱӽԼ¶ˡ
Ҳеڶֿܣ֪һصܶ䣬һصǱߵʾ˽˸ġ
ⶼ֪飬ڤǸطéɽһټʮ˶ܹȥҲʮ鷳޼Ѱҵɸ֮˱ˡ
ͨ飬Ҳܹƶϳ˵Ըƽ˵éɽʱΪ˱Ƚϵ͵˵ɺҪžˣӶҲ˵ҲʮֵСĽһصͺˮʥ̵Χéɽʱû¶˿ţ΢Щ紵ݶסˣҴéɽðգڵõϢ֮󣬵һǳéɽ
ôСĽˣضصӦʮΣĻҪҵʮѡ
ɽ;УһӴһ绰ȥ׼һòǽʡıգ˿֮Ҳġ
ӻʮֶصģʵĴһ䣬ֻ˵ϸȥ죬Сʱ֮󣬻éɽͣһʡƺŵԽҰҽƺŸǡ
֮ԲԼĳΪ̫ҡһ۾ܹϵĳ
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ܺãǲҪɶˣǸлܼҡҵ
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ţҺͻб˳˳ӣһ·϶Уڸʻȳ뿪˾ݣһϸ֮󣬻бûʲôо
Ұһۣ˵иƨо˵ڰ֮ڲŻиӦճ˾ݣôʲôӦ˼ɵҲܾͲéɽܱߡ
㣬Һųӣһ·϶ȥ·ʻʮСʱԽʡݣûκӦ
ˣǰһ죬Һϻְ൹ұڸʻϱĿϻȥ
ϻȻûѧǼܺã⿪һʮּ򵥵飬±ѧˣСӻִ˲ˡ
һ·֮ϣҵĶǲһоûУһȻɣŪʲôЩ̫ãۿžҪϽ֮ˣûκθӦ
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֮һ·ԽʡݣʡһһӦûУǰ㵽ԽϺεĽ紦ˣѲ˻ֱӿ˱߾ӵ˹ⲻɣ
ڵİǵϽһڳĵطǰ߱ҪԽˣʱǿ϶޷ȥ
ȻҿųǰߵʱĪĿ˼֣ʱһ顣
һɲͣ·ߡ
ϻһûע⣬Դûпĵ粣תͷҵôˣ
ҺӦ˾ڸղҵĿ˼¡Ҽ
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ȷ϶Ǹоˣ֮ǰûָоҼ


2463 
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ˣ·һֱʮ棬Ȼתһ·ּʮǰͻȻû·
ʱĸо͸ӵǿˣֵķӦӿ֮⣬ﾹȻҲð˺ˮһо
Ҿ;ǸԽԽѾܽˡ
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пҵıˣȲʵСšʲô
Ҹо˾ΧԲᳬ幫ķΧҳȥңӦúܹܿҵˡҵ
ǺðҾñӦ֪ͨһéɽõˣһһصиڣǻ鷳һѵ
ҵ˵ͷϻ˵еű˴һƬӣһΣָǴȼ
⴫ƵģרŸéɽǱߵϵģΪéɽóҲżŸһģĴ
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֪֮ͨҿһۻУȻǬ˱ｫϢָ˳һҺϻһһܹεߵϢҲһЩ
ڵĻΪӦǵĴڲǺѡ
ʱѾȫҺϻһƬӣǰȥǰûã㿴ǰһʮƫƧС򣬾ɽ֮䣬ߵʱҵĸӦ͸ǿһЩ
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ǰ˰СʱĹ⾰Ǳ㵽˴ӵͷʱҵѾʮǿˣĻңðоʮֹ죬һֿԼϲŮӵĻŸС
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ƲſڻһǣŴǹ䱸ɭϵģ
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һС˵Һϻæһۣûˣ˿϶ЩѲߵӦþһصˡ
ЩǹӦ˵ġ
ⲻЩɻѵһصϳڻģԽϻεĳطҪȻôܵôԶĵطǽͷ


2464 ש
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ܶ࣬ҸղŽȥֻǴ忴һۣöѲߣЩ˵ΪͦģǸоҵĴڣֻǴ忴һ۾۷˻СЩŵ˵
Լã䳧Ĳ٣һΪӣҪȻСĵУҲڻ³ӡ
ҿô죿ǲܾôȥɣҪǲȷԷʲôˣһڣǲˣв޵ǵ˵
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˵仰ʱһССԾһ£Ϊ˵ĲǺ̩⻹һȽϤԡ
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Ҳ˵ﲻһصˣҲкˮʥ̵פҷȺ˵Уǹġ
ʲôˣôûпһ̩ʵ
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һһգǰȥǰٰ˲֮ҵĸˣоһĶҪɤ˳̧ͷһԶһС¥߰ʮֽ¥ĳһŵƵģӰڻζ
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ҳǸ俴һۣŽŲֱٰͣ˲ǸС¥ĺȥ


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һ磬ұ㵽ǣȥˮʥ̶һ㣬ܶдʱ֮󣬱㽫ӻܶ棬ˣҷģΪʥô飬ܶǲġο
Ϊʲôҽӻܶ棬͵ˮʥôһ¶ѵ֪ȺˣȥѾˮʥ̵Ķߺ³ɱˣһںˮʥ̵һǲҶںˮʥ̣ҵңҲǻˡЩˣԴǿʼ
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˵˶ʱЩϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ҡңƶ³çˡ
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һʱЩƿԣһŵҡҵʱҲûа취
ʵɱҲûʲôö˶˵Ĵéɽˣ˷ɱΪҪӣ
֪éɽ˾еǰéɽ˺ܲ򵥣ͨ㾡һѧ˳һͼһƳɱˣҿ϶Ҫٲ֮أ³ò˶١
ͼֻǹڸַõֶΣͨ㱻ǰ˸ˣľ¶˺βͣһéɽǱô꣬ôϾͺͿأŭ
ΪԾΪͼвݵԭȫǷ󡭡
˵̲סЦ꣬ɵ棬ڲ֪ҲѾˡ
¥ϵϾӣ˰ɣǺϼΣһװ촫˹죬˿ǰٲϵֶΣ޷ŴͻȻôһУʱҵĶĤҪһ㡣
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ӦñǴéˣ֮ǰҺûмˣǼһֱûע⵽ɡ
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ҳһЦ˵ˣҪģļһéɽһ㲻ãéɽ˼ʮ꣬ڲô˵СҲéɽĳϣһ֮£ǧ֮ϣλҲǸ߸ϣúõ˲ƫҪһص߹˵ѾǲǳԱ˳ŵģ
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û뵽˵ĵӾȻСӣǾ׵ͷܽéɽһųӣ
éɽһսǼ˶Ըյʱ˾ÿ־ɡ
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ҹһЦ˵ԭС֮ˣһ߿һۣˣȻ㲻֪ڸģСүͽܻȥʱéɽô㣬Ͳܹܵˡ
˵ţһ֣ԾȻ졣
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ҸֵʱѾкü֪ļһҪǰ֣ҺĽ֮£Щһˣﻹǰһռ䣬ҸС
𲻾֮ǰҸǴν֣ĿһΣͻȻѦСߵĻ֮ϣѦС˺ܶͷ
һΣĿԼİŮˣϵ֮£һƱ˸
ǶǺ֣ѾҸɱˣҲɱ֮ˡ
ҪǸصĴۣھȪ֮µĿ
һ뵽ЩеĽ籩һ㳯ϻӿȥұƵǲˣԽսԽľѣѾչ¶Ŀ־塣
󣬵һһжȥĻëСӣֻô̵ʱ䣬Ϊֲֵز
ѾоĿ־
һе콣ʩչܺ죬ů紺ıС򣬺ܿҲ˺һĿẮ֮أܲ˺˪ȻбӵϣϮҸоҲҪһ
Ȼеĺڲϻ裬ƬƬ֮ϳֶ
һȣٴʩչһл죬һӽ֮趯һײȴú߽֮ˡ
һܵû֮ǰǰˣҲҲоࡣ
͸ýɱֲ˹Ѿһصͷ󻼣֮ܶһһңݺݵ˵
ƥѾûлˣΪҽ첻뿪ҽһ٣һΣٴγɱȥսһš
Ҹƴʱ۽ǵ⿴СȼЩƬƬĵ£ҲһƬͷʥʹΧס
СšҿסˣæпѾʮֳˣҪЩͷʥʹΪһ̫ǿˣࡣ
в򲻵ѣǾԲġ
Ҵ˿ڶԸ޷ģ΢һ¶ţпܱС
Щ±ЩңৼƵҺЩҪ
£ٴδ߶˲ľ֮ǵϲƶȥͬʱҲЩĲȥһصͺˮʥ̵Щˡ
һҲܹŻмһЩѹ
һεȷçײˣ̫ȥȷ˵䣬ڸӦ֮󣬾Ӧõéɽõ˹֮һ֣Ҳֱľ档
ڣûм̫ʱ䣬ڹؼʱ̣ͻȻһéɽڴˣС֮Ҳ񣡡
˵УӲԶԺǽ֮ϣͻȻͶ߰˸ˡ
һóˡ
ļطǼõϵƾճǰ
һéɽǰҵĳжʱƬ̡
˺éɽõЩǰĹһս֮󣬺ܿ조ৡĽϵĳ˳ͻһȺ֮УЩһ棬ˡ


2469 ʲô
һéɽõڹˣпϲᱼˣҪȻҺϻпҪ
ǰéɽõЩ˹ȻҲǴһһصͺˮʥҲһҡ
éɽǸյŸһֱĵƾһˣһصͺˮʥϰ֮ڣлʮͷʥʹǿҲһصȺˡ
ǰéɽõЩˣó֮⣬ȫǡֱϵаң߰˸˵ʵĽ֮ϣԺɨʵû˵
һұû˺֮ǡ
éɽõһɱЩ˶ʱһ
۾éɽõЩ˿һ֮ͻȻһ벻ٶȻһתһΣԺǽķ˳ȥ
գۼĹͷԺǽһ㲻Ӱ
꣬ϼһһéɽõ˹֪ȥпܱ㱻ϻɱ붼û룬ֱӾˡ
ӣܹɱѣ˲߶ٰ˲һ׷ȥˡ
׷ʱͻȻ;߶һˣͷһһõ۵ϵҿʱҲڿңҺٺһЦ˵Сͽ²һ˵ǹƥҴ̶ѨǸүеһƴ
λʦ棬ʲôһ߿һ߻ͷʵ
ƶųСӿ϶ʶƶչصʱСӹƻûأүͲҪˣƥ֮˵ɡǳ΢Ц˵
˵УѾԺǽ֮⣬Ĺȥʱ򣬾ֻһΣõسɴֶΣת˲Ե￪⡣
ֶΣܵٶȾˡ
һۣ㲻֪ȥ
ʱһͷһ¥Ѿ˺ͶʦֵӰҲ֪ȥ
ĳͻȻģõѾȥ׽ˡ
˼˵Ҳŷ
ʱҺǳ˫˫ͣǳ˻ͷһۣ˵Сӣǲǲ֪ĸˣ
Ӧһÿɷĵ˵ͷ
΢΢һЦ˵ܼ򵥣ڶسɴֶεʱΧĞųܴĲ֮ҲֻҪѭټȥ׷϶ܹҵģسɴֶʮΪģҲһֱʹãҴȥ
˵ţǳһΣתۼͲӰӳȥģһ޶
Ұǳ˵ѭⲨĞųһ·ʩչٰ˲׷˹ȥ
ҵĵڳˣΪԴԴϵɰ˷ٰ˲ֶΣѾ꣬¯࣬ڲϴ߶ٰ˲ʱһҲѷɫǵسɴ磬ٰ˲һֱãұĲǺܴ
ʱұ׷˳ˣǳ˻ͷһֻۣǸָһ˱ٴ׷ȥ
ˣǶһ·׷ȥʮ·̣ܿұ㿴ΣβûسɴֶΣ̫
֮ССһѣϴ߶ٰ˲ֱӵǰ档
Ųһ٣ҲͣĿңЦСӣ׷ͦ㻹Ϸ㲻ɣ
ʲôҿ
ǾéɽඣҲ׷΢Ц˵Ƿǰ󣬽м䡣
תͷ˳һۣЦ˵ǡ塯ֱļϼһϷҲη֡
Ǹ˵ʱˣںҶɱҵŮˣҽ㳥ŭ
ҵͿûбȥˣ˵ţһ㳯һâ˸ҹһΣȥǵâһôϣʱǴ˱ӡ
֮һл㾦㳯˹ȥҲǳɣֱӿؿڴ˹ȥ
Ƕ˺һͬԸĺһ裬һ±㵴ѳڶͬʱҿ˼ٶȺܿ죬ԶͻȻһ֮һ޴ˮ𣬳
һˮҺͳæһԶˮ֮󣬽ҳһӣǲûгĴǿٵһĺǺҲһ޴ıˣǳײ


2470 
һʼΪҪߣǴ˿̿ٶҾ֮ǰ뷨ЩڼˡʵҪߣѰҶĵơ
ˮ
еĺܹٿˮԪصģˮǧ򻯣ɱˮΪΪ˪ֻҪˮԴڣ޾ڵȴǡ
˿̣ٵ˼֮󣬲Զһ֮еˮúиٿ˹һر㻯ʮ޴ıˣ߳ײ
ӿֲǣˮʱ򣬲֪ʲôȻԲ֮ڵĞųˣζţЩʩչġ
һһЩǳˣسɴֶο϶ǲˡ
˿ٶ֪ϼһȦףʱɫ䣬˵ֱӻеĳЩ˳ɱ˹ȥ
֣ЦϷ棬㻹۵ĺأϷôģ
˵ţٴλеĺУʱԶĴ֮죬ǼˮһΣˮڵ֮һֻ˾޴ıˣһֻ˷ıǧǧͷ֮ϣƴ
ĺһһַıʱָڸЩ޴ƴĳˣһ޴ĺ֮ǧų˺Ȼ¡
ЩУǶϲܻġ
鼱֮䣬̱㽫еĽ˳ȥǳ˵ķȥ
⽣걻׳ȥ֮󣬴߶ǽߵ껯ǧӰת˳˵ǰ棬Щ˵ıȫ˷ĩһء
Ԯȳ˵ʱɱûеҵߣұоһ֮
һʮ׵ʱһеĽ꣬ͷϵıʱַǧγɢٰ˲Ҳ޷ġ
ҴŵŽǬ˱еͭǮ˳
ͭǮһ̱׵ͷ֮ϣڵΪòʲôǣͭǮ˲ɡ
һ죬Υٴ
ѾǲжûùⱱͭǮֶˣԴ콣֮󣬾һֱá
ǽ겻ϵʱ
ͭǮͭǮȻͭǮҵǰ棬âײЩ
ǿײһ𣬺죬Щ˲߽⣬ͭǮҲɾ
Ǵ˿ɲиΪͷϻ
һߺһջϣҵǰ档
ǰ漸ɵʱִ߶Ҵ˹֮ǰļײķ顣
ҿʱƥȻֱƿңų˵ķȥ
ˣϼһҪƣɱ˳ˣٹԸҡ
ȻΪһ£ܹǾ޴ıնķ飬ҾΪ޷ȣٲΡ
˲䣬ɱ˳ߣ֣ߴһּֿ죬һ潻֣㱻ˣֻм֮ûκλֵء
ҳһıȥҲˣֱһ֣ٻҵУһȣٴʩչ˳һԽԽ󣬳ЩײȥǱȫˮһأֳЩ޴ı˶ȥڻ˱ˮһǻĸɾΪޡ
һոɣûüߵʱ򣬱һҺߣ˺Ǳˣ˳ȥ
ҿһۣд󾪣ʱżٰ˲˵ڵϵĳ˵ߣûвɱʱý꽫ĳ˿
ųɨǧʽŽ˳ȥ
һͷһǳ˴˿Ѿ˪ǣٲȻѾ˱ӣããһƬȥһ˳˵ϣŽϵĺ顣
˿һ³һѪĭӣǻһҿѵ˵ϣ϶ʱð˰ɫĺǴ㽫ڵĺȫƳʱҰﲻʲôæˡ
һĹִǴӱ߽˼ˮһѾģûûǰɣ


2471 ־һ
ˣҲǰղѣһЩˮɸֲֶֿΣһƻЩס
ؼǣ߾ͿһӣҶܹǻĺˮʵ죬νȡ֮֮ط˵žԵơ
취ٽĻǳҪøֶθĥ
뵽Ƭ̲ҵ飬һָ죬ռС죡
һеɱǰҲЩܲסΪҲӲסһС
ֻ콣ҸոܹʩչҪһгҪĺܶһҪһʱתһûʩչѾҸɱˡ
жԸյʱǰտǴӦУԲŻվһ÷ԸΪĴڣˣԵе״̬ɲվһ콣ȥ
ǲڵġ
鷢չֵزѾûж࿼ǵʱ䣬ϣò
ָ񷣬Ҵ߶˷ʱرɫӿ֮âĹһӴϢҹ뽣֮УеĽĴ߶֮£죬оЩסˣһ֮ӽ֮ϿХͷ֮ϰһ硣
ڶ÷ʽʱѾúнǼ޴ˮӺӱ߽һ˹һӣͷ֮ϡ
֮䣬벢Զҷܹҵ˾֮ɫ
϶Ҳ֪ҪʲôҶԸյʱõһС
ԣҶ֮ǰȻҲҵĽԸҡ
Ŀһ޴ˮкҵʱȫǧ裬һҵϣ˲Խࡣ
ȵӽ˵ʱĸоҪǿࡣ
վԭأһҶʩչֻҪǰֻܲϴ߶һý֮еϽĳˡ
ھȡʱʱ˭ٶȿ죬˭ܹռȻԸɱˡ
ڵһĿȻҴȫơ
Щˢˢĳʱҽ֮е껹ûѳ
һ̣ˡҪɱˡ
ڴʱһɫĹâͻȻƮ˳ҵͷ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ǷܣҸ
ϸոɣӱк£һԵȫײ˷֮ϣˡ顱ľ޴죬ʮֲֿ
ϻķҲǸǵģȻȫЩӸ⣬ķ顣
ڴʱ֮ٴηһɽҰ֮ڴӽ֮ѶһԾֱ
ܵķҲ޷赲Ŀ֮ʱ򣬾ȻеϽ𲧶ķ˳ȥ
꣬ɵ˰֮УԽԽצ֮д
վڲԶѾŵĲɫ
鼱֮䣬ûִУǽոմӺǣǼ޴ˮһˮ𣬳֮ײ˹ȥ
ˮϳʱѾһð˿˿ڰ֮趯ݡ
֮꣬һʱһ𣬶˵ֱӱ㳯Ǳײȥ
һģһٵģ֪һײ֮£㽫ɵײķ۷顣
ȥʱϼһѾѾתҪߡ
곣ϣ⽣֮ҲѾˣͨҵ֮£֮ת˷ֱӳײ˹ȥ
ӵĿ죬֮ٶȸ죬ɴСһĴڡ
ֻǿ֮һȻԶ㴫һҽУȻ֮ٴγƲ֮ش󣬲Ϸŭ˻֮
ҿ֮ס֮󣬴˿̲ڳһ꣬հһ㱻ɱˡ
ʱҲ˸ղϽסҵĻУæ˽꣬תȥſڵϣȻ;У϶һܡ
ѽСɮˣ־һôңдŴҵ
ô㣿ҿ˻Ц˵
ҪȻɣҲͼǮмЦ
չû㹻ôִҵ⣿


2472 ˮ
үСţҷƤԽԽˣҶѾ˵ˡдӵϳһֽϽ𲧸˻
ߣϽȥǸƥûУû˺ϴ辭˸ɣǧɱ˷ѡ˵ţѭͷټ˹ȥ
һЩĵĻͷһڵϵĳˣ˵ЩʲôǳͻȻ۾˵ӡùңƶ
˼СһϾͻҸ˵һŽ׷Żȥˡ
˵ʵڵģոʩչȻ屻Ϳյĸоͺ̩һϵĸо࡭
ô
Ҳ֪Ӿôˣкü궼ûпˡ
ͷԼԺһţţұ㽫עתƵͷ֮ϣԽԽͣӰ֮ʲôŻһɫĹâ߷˹
Ǵ۷ѾЩ飬æеĽ߾٣ܿٴ˽֮Унһܿڳš
ǰһξ룬žͿ˻еӰվںӱߵĲԶһһ߸˵СšҿˣںӶ԰ġ
ٰ˲ߵʱ˳ָķһۣܿ㿴ΣŲҵ¹⣬ҿӶ԰ڵϣ֪ǻ
Ƭ̣еߣǹȥСһƥˣС
⻰䣬Ӷ԰һصĴϢͷȥʱ򣬷ȻλƵĴӵֻѪòǱлĺУЩĿҺϻһֱۣӳǺˮ֮˽ȥ
꣬׷
ҴһִǬ˱нˮ˳ˮһףʱһˮ˺֮ϡ
˽ȥһ߳ܣһߴүģ濹ᣬ֮궼Ū
˵ţбҲ˱ˮ֮Уҿűˮٵ³űˮ鵭ӫ⿪ʼѰӰ
һˮУ㿴һƬѪ죬ˮȾģǱˣѪˮ֮УҲܿҵѵĳźȥ
룬ѾҲأұˮˮƽأҪˮ·ߣֱ
ţҴ߶ٵĳӰ׷˹ȥ
ۿűҪ׷ʱһǰȥһ߻ͷֵ̿ĿһۣȻֱৼʵĺˮʱһϣޱȵĺϮߵһƬˮȻĸסˡ
ˮҺͻУȫ޷ǰƶֺ
һ֮βûƬ̵ͣ˳ˮ¡
ֲϼһҪˮ·ԭǴˮء
ǵıˮ鱻ס޷ƶֺҲôˡ
үġǱˣд
ʱҲԼû뵽һ֣Ҳܿٵ˱ˮ飬Ȼƣıȥšһ춯ߵıʱѳ˺ü飬ҺϻŵӺ˰ȫ
˰֮һһʪ·ˣȻϻϼһˣ϶ܲԶźӰ׷һξ룬ܲҵ
ҲãϽģˣһһصĴ϶֪ܶܡϻ˵ţߣźӰһ·׷˹ȥ
ںϸգֻҪˮϿ϶ˮյģղŻѪģҲ϶Ѫ
ߵǣҺͻźӰһ·ʮȻһҲûҵƾʧһ
֮£Һϻֻ۷˻ȥص˸ղŵĵط´һ
ƥȥˣѵݵ֮Ƶ
ںӰһأ˵ӦòôǡƵ
Сһֱںûгɣѵ
һæҲܣûбˮ飬ںһСʱ
һСʱðɣƾΪںһСʱŬһҲܹе
УȥңתҪȥ
ʱϻһסҵˣˡûӰˣץ˵ģȫǸ⣬뿴˱éɽõץסûС


2473 ѱ׽
ҪϻͻȻңҲ¶
ĿıΪ׽ˣȴץסˡ
Ǳʶ֮ĳ̫˰ɣҪҲһƥ򣬾ЩƲסԼˡ
ƥ򲻵ΪĻҲɲ⣬ҺϻƤӵ¶ˣһǱҴ˵֮¡
ЩĵĳǰϢĴӿһۣתͷкŻгʱ·˻ȥ
ܿ죬ǱҵڵϵϢĳˡ
˹ȥеʦ棬˼˵Σղֻ˸ƥƴҲûй˵ߣʵǱǸ
۾˿˿ð˳һŻĴӵվæ߹ȥһѲסλ˼ҡ
ĺкͶˮԪصĿѾﵽһֻƿֲղҪȣƶѾƥĽ¡ǳ˸мĿһ۵
ǶһˣүҲǳéɽʦ˵⻰̫ˡǫ
һһ룬ƶһݶƶˡǽɽв˳ЩϹͷһʱ򶼱Ȳһͬź󱲣ˡЩȻ˵
ʦ桭˼ҿɱ˵ҵΪһЩΪǼһ洫зţɵ˵ΪΪԼãɱȲʦΪӻ񡣡ҿ
˿һۣڴ϶ԣǳʵǸƥǸɱˣҸղſ콣еķ죬һпܹոſµĴС
ҡҡͷЩε˵ʦ棬ˣֻǽˣûҪˮ·ˣҲûã˳ˣˡ
ģʰʱˣ´Σǻذɡ˵ţкǸƳĵطȥ
Ӧ˺صˣҲʱ򣬴壬̹ǣ˾һ飬ɱ˵ֶεȷЩֲ
һ·УõĹ˲۷ƳһƳſڣ㿴СȴŶʦֳ߶
Ƴſڻͣʮûյģſڴվżɽװ
һ֪ص˹ˡ
Сȣʲô˱׽ס𣿡Ȳʵ
׽ˣܣҺͶʦֶסȥ·ֽ˸׽סġСʮԺ˵
ԣСҸ˵Сȵͷ
ʱʦֳ˹ϲȥȡ
ҲܰɵĲĶʦֵţһ֣㽫װǬ˱С
ţ˱㳯Ƴſ˹ȥſڴŵǼɽװʶǣһҪסǵȥ·Ǹʲôġ
жʱû˵Ϲûλéɽ𣿡
˭ص˹ģһɰʵ׵ӡ
ҸҪ˵ЩʲôʱԺ첽߳һˣԼʮңǸҵ˺ȵÿҪǡ
ſڵļɽװӦһͷĶһԡ
Բס˶Բסˡ⼸صеˣʶүͻүʵǱǸλ˵
λҿʵ
Ľʡʡصģܸλ˵ţ㳯֣òҲ򵥸һ¡
ǳ˲Щֱӱ㳯ŴԺ˽ȥ
ǼˣҲ׷ȥǸ׷æ˵λõģѾסˣ׽һ֣éɽõɱ˴󲿷֣мˣصڸ
ӦһʾлߵԺ֮󣬷ֵкöʬ壬ʮлвһصܶĹͷʹˮʥ̵Ҳ١
ԺصҲһٶԱ߻вǹ侯ؾڽһˣųѺȥ
ԺһȦܿҵõˣ༸λֱϵ
ЩϵԱߣһסˣϸһƣɲ׷ٵǸô
ǣ˿첽˹ȥ
óȿңһֱŵͻȻЩЦݣм˵ӣллˣҪõ˻Ĵܣ׷Ѱ䡣


2474 éɽ
֮Ͷѣ̫ˡֻϧһˣһ㡣ЩƵ˵
䣬һֱڵϵˣͻȻʦ֣ͬһķݶϣ͸ʦһʹɣҲٻéɽˡ
ԭЩЦˣܿͰŭ˵ţƶûп㾹ȻһصԵףƶͬʱϵéɽéɽ˺üʮ꣬éɽô꣬һ£㻹֪ûéɽˣ
ҡҲûа취⼸һֱңҲһʱͿµףéɽô꣬һֱûԲéɽ飬ʱɱҲΪԱѣͬéɽ飬һҲû˿˵
黹ǵéɽƽȥ˵ɣƶ˵Ҳûκôһ
ʦ֡Ҳéɽ֪éɽ̷жôпᣬһʹɣҲʦֵһ
ߣȻЩٴֱ
ţéɽõλֱϵǰСһ˸ƳԺķ˹ȥ
СѣƶҪŻéɽҪҪһȥ˿ҵ
Ҳûʲôˣ˱ǸץˣҲǸˣéɽ֮ϣɻδѣҵʱéɽĴæûиҸĸ档
±˵ͷ˵ȥҲá
ǣҺϻéɽõֱӳԺӣǸصľֳһֱ͵ſڣͿġ
ⲻǽλԭ򣬻бǰǸɷôһصˣһصܶЩʡص˿˴󹦣˵ְнȻǸж¡
²Щһصͺˮʥ̵ˣֲǲˣصȥʰǡ
ǹеǹУ϶ûʲôýġ
ȥʱΪЩéɽõ˻۷éɽֳéɽ޵ĵǲ֤ܳɻȥġ
Ȼû뵽ǣ˾Ȼһ绰ȥĹȻ񳵿˹ЩȫϣȻһûǳžֱϱֱӷéɽ
éɽִڣ϶ͬһ㣬Ң˵ͽΰƽүү飬źôȨéɽĵӣص֮ϣӦöкܴһ绰ȥоֱӣҹƶ
صéɽ֮õ˱ѺȥˣδˣǾͲܹܵˣֻǸ˵ܹ˿пʳһصܶ䣬ǵø˵һҲи׼
һСĽ˵˾̰ҾҪǱؽڤĻһ춼ס֪ʲôҲȫˡ
ˣӦȡβǣϾĵϵһصܶҪ飬ҾӦûʸ֪
ҪȻҲὫŵ̩ںˮʥ̶éɽõ׷ɱ
һǶ˱һ˿ģԸ֪ġ
һصéɽǱȥ˴é壬Ҳ֮ǰ˵ľȥ̽һɣһéɽʱ򣬱Ѿˣϼˡ
ҵɵʱûѹպǿϤš
ҺϻһȥǼôˡ
Һϻ򵥵İһ˵Ǽŷ˵ʱ򣬻ǲⵣһ¡
ʱ򣬻Щţû뵽ҾȻˣˡ
Ǽ˾һһǱдéĵӸ׼һЩʳ˵ƣ˶ӡ
æһеʱ춼Ѿ
ҺͰչһȥéɽСȥҵĸĸ
˼һ㶼ĺ磬ҵǵʱҵĸĸһͣæкǹȥһԵ
Դéɽ֮ܵ˲СľţڰһЩ
ҰֻһЩУǰչĸĸʲôҰڣҲչ˵һЩȫ
ദʮǢҲ˲١
ˣв֪ģͻȻһˣǱǳ죬пϴһٵĳԵʣ˵Щ䶼ҵʹڵңһֱڵңǲӦòҪôˣҲҪȵôࡣ


2475 ر
ԼҾҺбҪȥ죬뷨ѾıѾãҲ֪ôˣرһ졣
һֱҶʮֱûȥҹ
ʵлкܶŲµģҲغ졣
绨к˵վѾˣܹȻϣ΢΢пԶѲ
ܾҶʮԴӳҵ֮ѾȷҺ֮ĸôһ¶ˡ
òϣǼҶһֱͷϵ֣ԣ֮ҲŻܲһصĵףеµȫɱһ顣
ͷϵͷһֱ֪ţߣҲȥҹ
ֲ֪ΪΣ֪ʲôʱͷ˶ҡȫΪɡ
ΪΣҪǶ϶ѾˣһǱϸһġ
νҶ
ڶĸ飬ӦֻһֱöǷ̫˰ɡ
ҵһ죬ҡ
һûнĵȴ˭Ҳ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ǸҵˣܲһֱĵңҪȥʲôֻҪ֪ﻹģѾ㹻ˡ
éɽС򣬸ĸ˰죬ҾѾסˣҪ뿪éɽҪȥҳ졣
ĸ֮ҺͰչ۷˴é壬˳
éɽܱȲںҶȣǱѦλүӣӦûָҪࡣ
ҲЩƣΪɶôż뿪éɽ˸ոץûдʳʲô
Ҳֻ˵ҪϽغҶˣǲһ뿪
ɽһͣéɽĳ㳯źҶȶȥ
·ϣҽӵһ绰ڵĽӸҴģ֮ǰҴ̽Ѫ̵ټӸ˵ЩҲһֱȥѪ̵䣬ǲ֪ΪΣѪ̺ڽ伣һһϢûУɳȥ˺öȥ飬ҲûһϢ
Ĳ࣬ѪϴΰܰչĸĸΨһѪĸҲɸɾΪѪʮͽûʲôرȻҪݷ¶ʲôų
ǾڽǳرֻҪгģǧɽˮҲҵǸɵ
Ѫ̵ҲᣬȻ˽ӹڵڽѩĶûüĿǾȻĹؼ
ʱƵ˵˵ү¶̫Ϊˣ˵ҲϣֻⶫǼƷĵرǧҲңһʱ϶ûüĿģУҲҪ𽭺𶯣ܶ˷׷ȥģֻܾԼŬȥң˭Ҳ˵ʲôʱܹҵпܼʮ궼ҲҲδ֪
Ӧһ˵лˣϸ磬֪ˣʱϵ
˽ӵĵ绰֮иսһ绰ȥһѪԪ˧顣
սҵĵ绰֮£ǽһƣ˵ȥһֱڼѪԪ˧Ǽһðصϼָ֮ɱϱУûĹ˾һȦϴĸ棬ҪѪ̳׶Ͼˡ
սɲҪɾ裬ѪԪ˧ڽƯˣҪعҲô׵顣
һ·˵ţǱ۷˺Ҷȣͻȥ֮ұкһ˵ǳȥҸѡ
˵˶һ㶣һǼ֮⣬㻹ʲôѣ
־ǿСǲôҾ͹ȥɣϳǴ죬¶ʱϵҷ˼䣬㿪ųݸķ˹ȥ
಻ǺԶСʱ֮ողڵʱұ㵽ݸ
ʵһֱ֪סʲôطҲûи˵ϡǵãöǰҴһصЩо֮󣬱㽫ҰݸһСԺ֮˼졣
ǵطǳ¼ҵһ˽լһֱסţ滹סһͷֻҪҵǸͷҵϵʽ
˵ﾹȻҲûгֻ룬ȷòֻҲǹƵġ
öǰ飬·ЩϤˣҿųƾӡݸת˺üȦҵһεԺ䣬ӡУһҡ
ҽͣſڣ߹ȥţ˺һû˻Ӧ
ΪطûסʱԺﴫһȵĽŲ


2476ż
ҶҪתҪˣŲʹԺﴫ˹ǽŲߵſڵʱ򣬾ͣȴûиҿţʮ־ʵ˭
϶ϤȻܾûˣһǼǵġ
ңҳġҳ˵
ҴˣûнгġԷ˵ʱ򣬸ûκ˼ֱӾͶһڻؾˡ
תŵĵִߵĽŲҪ뿪
꣬û뵽Էң˵ľ衣
뵽Щˣֱһ֣ȥһȥֱӽԺŸĿˡ
õ󣬽ǽŸĿˣȫĻŷҪҸ˲ɡ
Ÿһ򿪣ʱ㿴ǰһ׹һѩ׵ĳ㳯ϴ˹
ٶȶڴʱ˵ٶ̫һЩһָ֣㽫еǰѳסˣŬǰһ£Ҳ޷ǰƽһס
ʲôˣѵҪҲɣ˼ŭ˵
ϲŭ֮ǰ棬ӵģֻûϵʽλϲ֪һɿеĽ΢Ц˵
ұ֮ϲϸһۣʱ˾裬ЩԾ˵ô㣬ôطģ
֮ܶǰһΣƾӡҹġҽ͵
ϲ˵ͷջеĽ˼ֵɣġ
Ӧһ˽ȥϲĹһۣŸˣЩģ
Ҿ벻ͨˣסطݳһʮεڣѰûʲôҳ¼Һڽʮֵ͵ҲûʲôˣΪɶôأ
źܴʣϲ߽Ĺһۣط֮ǰʱһģûʲôı䣬ݵһһ䣬һɹ졣
ϲ˵
ϲŸҶ˲ˮһԣҳȺڡ
ʱϲҲɫԵЩͻȻ˵үǼСʲô飿
һôʣҶʱЩ±ˣôشѵ˵ˣҪһ棿
Ҳֻһ£ܿ˸ѣ˵ҲûʲôҪ飬òˣɣҸղ·˵ء
طֻǳ¼ҵһŵ㣬ǼС㲢סڴ˴ʱü궼һ˵ġϲ˵
֪Ҳûֻǲ֪ϵϲ϶֪Աһ¡ҿ
û룬ϲͻȻ̾Ϣһ˵үҵĻ治ʱ򣬳¼̯ϴˣС϶ҲΪ鷸Ȱǹһʱȥɡ
ϲ˵üͷ΢΢һʵӼҳʲô飿ϲܹ֪һܹʲôæء
ϲҡҡͷ˵¶ﲻʲôæҪȻٵȵȰɣϼ£϶ܹˡ
ͷ˵Ǽˣʲô飬˵ϵĺˡ
һ˵Ӽҳ飬ҲЩ𼱻ǣҲûбֵ̫ԣֻǿ˵ϲ͸˵˵ɣڽϴô꣬ʶһЩѵģǮƣҶ취
ͷ̾Ϣһ˵ð찡Ǽҳ˲ò֡
ЩˣٴδߴٵϽ˵ܰһ
ͷ̧ͷһۣһĴȣֵ˰ˣ˵˵Ҳ޷Ϸ⼸ҲأֻϧΪ΢΢ᣬҲ޷ҰʲôæģǼСڴʡһݵĵط壬һ¼ңһżңҶң֮ǰϵȻ㲻϶ãƽʱ˵Ĺȥһ֮ǰżҵͻȻף˵żҵĹҼС죬ҪǼСӦ
үҲ֪Ĵ壬ͨ˼Ҳһңźܾ֮ǰϴͳһŵԣýȢǳ¼ҵү̫үǺܿģǼСĻȻСԼᣬϵ˲С
Ҫ˵żҸǳ¼ҵ࣬ҪɶɶǸ˿ҲУС㿴Ǿû취ˣԣǼүֱӾ͸ؾˣûдӦ¡ʱ˾ԼݵһżҵүƢ𱩣û̸£Ƕżҵӣ¼˲棬Ƣ𱩣һ仰̸£ֱӱ֣Ǽүͱżҵ˸ˡ


2477 
˭ˣҳһϲĻ˵е£һһүӣҲ֪һλ
ҼСĸ׳żĸ۸ˣһˣɻԲѡʮءϲֵ
ȥүģôôˣȥף˼ûдӦ㣬ҪˣҲ̫˰ɣѾĿըˡ
꣬żǸʲôҴŮ˵⡣
һƽһԼ飬ֵǳ¼ҲңӵΪܲģ벮Ϊ϶ҲôᱻżҸأ
ү֪ǼүΪʵһ㣬Ҫʲ̫ã޷ǼСȣǼСǳ¼õһһֱүΪ飬ԲŻСҪȻżôõ£ʹӦߣżҲңóֶ洫ƣһƷϲҲˣǼүڻûϲε˵
Ȼˣôûȥ𣿡ʵ
ȥˡôûȥǼСȥˣСүүҲȥˣֱӴżңżǺǵģǼҲһ̫үźƳΪʮֻһٶͣСүүˣǼСҲǲУֻֻˡֵ
Ҽǵó¼Ҳ̫ү˵̫үг鲨ڻɽʱ򣬸̫үһ棬Ϊܸߵġҵ
̫үΪȷܸߣԴӻɽһս̫֮үЩˣѾչˣҪҲҪ֮ˣҳ̫үʲôطչضû֪ϲֵ
ǡʲôҼ
ǼСڵ취ǼүˣƣѻҲ֪үС뵽˰취ûС
Ѿȥˣ꣬û뵽ӾȻܵôίˣȻҲϵҹȥæ
ȵ鲨̫үأҪ֮󣬵ʱӵĸ׷ͷݶϸˡ
У¶ҪһܣĲ˵ҵŮˣִҵδô治̡
뵽ҴϻȻ𣬳˵ϲһӼҵȷеַ͹ȥ
ϲҲվ˵үҪ¼ҳǳ¼ҵˣżˣԲ˳ߣżҵ̫үźƳΪҲʮָү²Ķ֡żҿܻԳ¼Щӣҽ˴Ͳ˵ˣ֮ĶԹ⳯͢Ҳǹܲ˵ġ
ݺὭô꣬¹˭¹˭
ôţȵСүմһͲˣǵˡ
ǿѹסеĻһЦ˵ϲ¶ͲùˣҲżҳͷǼүҲӦЩ취֪˵ҶȵѦҩ̣ǼҸȫԽ²͵ҶȥҽΡ
ǡòˣѦҩ̵ϷȻǿҽңүܰæòˡͷ˵
ǸϽҵַɣϾ͸Ϲȥҵ
úúáϸ㡭˵ţͷ˵һַȫͷǣ׼뿪
ͷڵĽһ·͵ſڣҿҪϳʱתͷͷһۣϲȥӵ飬ȲҪ˵Ҫһϲ
úúáҿ϶˵ͷϲЦտЦЩѰζ
ϳʱ룬ͷǲǸ˰ͲϹȥų¼Ұƽ顣
ף׶ҿ϶ҲҪġ
Ҳǵģ֪ģô鶼ҴкΣҿ϶Ҳܰæġ
˳֮ҷ˳ӣһ·ķɿ졣
ڳϴ˵ִ³صʡҪʮ߰˸СʱϣƵ֮Ӧǵڶˡ
ʮżӣڸ϶˶ٶһ۵糸Ҫڿ϶ʮ־ɡ
ӣˡŸԶǿĺܣ˭۸㣬Ÿ罫ĺڴ̥
·ϣҲ˺ܶ࣬ǲ·³صʱ򣬸һǴ绰ȫкһȥһżҵүĺأ
ϵĸ֮ʿҲҲܶĸִڣһҲòӵΪͺܲˣүүΪҲԣȻҲ۸¶Щ鷳ġ


2478 ¼Ҵ
ͱ³ңסһƧ֮УǱҸүסĵطٱչүүӢܣУڳд忪һһẠ̇˭Ҳ벻⻨Ȧ̵ͷǸΪߵĸ֣һΪЩ֮Ϊߵһ
ʲôʱ򣬶СӢۣ⴨ʡݵż¼ҶҪûˢǲܵġ
ŽϾЩֵǵģתһ룬ַͷԵֻȺŹܵƵģȻҪΪӳͷСү͵ǹƥĹȥżҵжôǿҪʵڸɲֻܴӽˣȫһҾͲˣɲһżңЩǾͰ׻ˡ
ҴղûжãһֱŴʡݶȥ·ϼ֮ͣͣЪֱڶİʱʮ֣ұϲ˵Ӿסĵط
ǼסĵطǶôƫƧݵнһƬܴԺ䣬ԺӽĹɫſڴʯͷʨӡ
ȻԺ޷ͽȣҲһ˼ܹӵеġ
ϲҵطûҽͣԺſ֮ſڳƬ̣ȥţĹžͱˣŵһʮˣǿһۣȻֿһͣſڵĳ
һ۾ֱܹڸҵ⳵ټֳֵܿȻǸȻҵ¿˵ʣ˭
ݳ¼𣿡ҿʵ
ǰ˭˿ʵ
ǼС죬ĹʽЩ顣ҳ
λֵ
ҽ³ظʬҵҵ
˵۾ʱһҲֱͦˣЩŵʵǽϴŵɱˡ˵ˣϴŵľү
ǰɣѸӣôƺҵ˵
˼үǼСʱȥһˣڻûлҲ֪ȥҪȻһȣ
ȥˣʲôȥˣҵ
СľͲ֪ˣСҲû˵Ҳʣɫ̫áһɣȿڲ衣˿
ʲôʱ
ҾͲ֪ˣϻɣСҪչǼһ£϶ġүϽС֪һܸ˵ġ˵
΢΢һЦһǼСң
ţ϶ϴλɽ֮УǾүСǼ̫ү޲ڣ¼ҴԺĸ֪үƨ
˵ĵƨһҲᣬǳã˵ǳ¼һǶҵۺܸߵġ
ҿλմʹˡˡ
ҰҽгѩյһĴ磬ֻЩԶǰ£үҹĿ˳¼Ұæ˺һЦ¶һڴ
ŶԭǴ簡ʧʧһֵ
Ͻɣȥ֪ͨүӣ˵үˣүӿ϶ǳ˵ġѩ˵ţֹҵĸ첲ԵΪӡ
ȴ˰֣˵𡭡ҾſڵһˣҲȥ֪ͨүӡ
ǳѩתңһЦ˵ŶҶˣǲСһϲţ
Ҳ֪ôشˣһʼһһͿģ֮󣬸оЩˣʲô˵
ɫһ죬ͷǰɣþûˣһϲ
˵ү۹ãҸ˵С治Ǹǵģģǳ࣬˵ݳǣȥҲڶһҲ䣬һ˫ԹŮӢҾСÿ϶Ҳ˼ÿ˵ʱЦĺϲ£졭ٺ١ѩٺЦ
꣬СӾһ죬բ֮ɲס
ҲֻţҪЦ˵磬ȥͺˣҾſڵһùҡ
ҶҶѩգգۣһ˾ļƣһڡ
ԺĹţŵʱ򣬻ҰһOKơ
Ǵ֮ҳһǶ밡һʼʱôûпأ
һߵԼԱߣȻҪһϲҪ֪УǱ㽫Լĳӿһεڣҵĳӣһ³յĻҪĵģҲߵҵĴſڣʯͷʨӵĺ档


2479 ſͦ
ڳ¼ҴſڣʯʨӺ˲СʱӣԺһֱųһ֮ı飬Ҳкþòˣһμ滹ӵĻϣҴҼһ棬Ȼٵĸ֮ҲûϵҶ֪ĵ绰롣
ȴĹ̲ѰԼһĪĽţԼһʱ򣬸˵ʲôôȥŻԵúһЩͻȻô߳ȥǲԵЩɵġ
꣬Խ¶ԽЩʼˡ
ԺЩ߰飬ʱǹĺܿ죬ϣ֣ϣһЩźãһûȫ׼á
ϾǵһЩ㷲
ǸվǻԼʮӵʱڴǸӰڳ˳¼ſڵֵ֮ϡ
¼ҴԺ··Ƶģ·Ƶ֮£ҿǸϤӰһСϹ˹˹
죬һɫȹӣ洩һ䣬Դβ
һֱÿγҵʱ򣬶ǴһɫװΪҪ˶֣̫Щж㡣
һΣĺ⣬ĳеȶˣҴûмӣʱоʮ־ޡ
ӳ̫ˣôôÿŮˡ
һʱ䣬ҿӵӰĶЩɵˣоԼĿˮҪ˳
ųԽԽҿüͷһֱ΢΢ţԵʮַյӣȿ쵽˼ſڵʱͻȻЩԥһųԼȥ
µԵʰɣһֱûиоҵĴڣҿҪˣҲ̲סǱẰӡ
Ҫŵĳ죬ֱ㽩˰֮УȻȻһ˺һŻתҵʱҲڿſۿ֮Ѿˮȴһ֮ϲãԼʼδš
Ȼұ㿴ᡰરડǶߵһôֹסˡ
СŸ硭Щ˻Ƶ˵ţиеĪĴʹ
ӦһǴʯʨӺ˳ȻֱӴſڳ˹һ˽ҵĻԴҵļϣͣɶ޵ʮѹ֡
ҵֶһ£ҵĻʱҵٴȻоһִûе̤ʵк͹޸С
Ȼ̧֣һֻֻһֻԴοɵ椶֪ˣҶݸϲ˵ˣҪ¡Ҫ£ҲõģһжоŸڣµġ
û룬һ˵ӿ޵ĸˣҲҸһЩ
ϵĵĴڱǼ⣬ҸоЩľ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãǲýɿʵҲɿ
һ֮ҲŸɿһ˵ӣǴǾƱô
ͱôͷҲûص˵
˵㣬㣬ô飬ΪʲôϵǾûͰﵽ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷҶ˵ǣǾ̫æˣ˶Լ飬ҲΪҵȥŵ㣬ΪԼԸ㶨ġ
Ҷ˵ʱһһ飬ֻһ˵㲻͸ˣδ³ظΪ˰㡣
ͻȻ䣬ұüϴһɾĵľʹ۵Ҳƺ߳ͻȻſڼҧһڣҷЩŮôҧأҼǵѾͷҲҧҡ
ڣҲ̫أܿɿˡ
ҵһΪʲôҧң
ƫҪҧ㣬ô
ҡ
Ҿͺã˭ôʱһֱңҼ޸˱ˣ϶Ҳ֪ɣͻȻɿңһ˫Ŀҵ
˭ôҵŮˣҾŪҧ
ƫҪأҪҪһɱˣ
ҡ
Ҹ˵ʱͻȻ䣬ԺŴһ춯ͻȻˣȻһǴѩЦ˵˵ҹģſͦģҲϰˣģܲܽ˵
磡㾹Ȼ͵˵ͻȻɫһ죬һţɿҵ֣ųѩ˹ȥҲһźߣѾģǸղſ̫ˣСſ͵һҲûз
εҡҡͷų¼լԺ˽ȥ


2480 ÷
һֱҵӡֱɽһ󣬲ЦаۣһʮأӰȥٵģڴ֮ǰҴûпӣЩСŮˣЩˮ޵˲Խ벽ʱҲΪų˽ĵЦݡ
ŮеʱĿΪһ˸ı䣬ҾʡˣҲǳҪҵʱҲݳ¼Ҫһվʱ
̼ǵãҵһʱһʮҵСһ˱Ҵڤ֮أȴȡǱ˰¶ǷڣҲûм˸ȥ
ʱһһƵʱĳҲңҲǺüۣǼȥˣͲǵǳé¿ģҲǸϽȫԶһ档
Щ飬ų׷ѩıӰһɫȹڻζıӰҲЩĳȣһŮܹصĵңⱲӻѪ׬
뵽ҲɵЦһֱӳԺȥѾ׽ס˳ѩһŤסĶ䣬磬ҽ͵˵Ҳ
СãҴˣԺҲˣ֣ôߵΪҿʲôɱҶˣղʲôûѩĵ
ûͺãҲǵøԺҪȻùӳԡв
ɿɿûۡѩٴġ
⻹ࡣɿ֣תͷһۣЦεСҸһ
ðҪң濹ס
߰ɣҴȥιһҼ쳯֣Һܿ˹ȥһߵߣһѾסҵ֣СֻжûиŮǣˡ
˵÷϶ûгԷɣôԶһˣͷԸˣϽóԵġѩ
ѩ˵һ죬ŭ磬Ϲ˵˵ҿɲˡ
㿴㶼ֵĺϲ£ˣ÷һ˲ţ϶㻹զأѩٺЦ
ҡ콿ߵ쵽˲Ӹ˷ȭҪȴҸסˡ
ǳѩܿ˼һһ߻ͷЦ÷ȥ˸óԵģ²ڵˮôٸ㱬
ҿ˳ѩ磬ΪɶҪЩʳ
忹סٺ١˵УһΣѾܵûӰˣԶļЦ
꣬һǸ˾
ȥʱ򣬷Ѿߵתȥҿҡ
һС֣һѽ˹棬Ц˵ӣ˵㻹Ⱑʵͦı÷ġ
㡭ٳòãĸ˵Ҫ޸ˡȻ˵ȴССڷɣɫǺƻͷҿҡ
ǲⰡǾˣȰ飬һǻ³ȥұ˰ɡ
⻰һڣͻȻ̧ͷҵң
ҲҡҸղ˵ġ߰ɣЩˣ֪Ǽҵľ²˽Ӻͱζô˵ǲġҺٺһЦ
Ѿĺ޲Ҹȥˣֻǽҵ֣Ժȥһͷٿҡ
¼ҵһͲСԺҲǼԺ䣬Щ￴ЩͷˣҲнʮ޵ķӣǷ¹ŽԺ̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮȫСˮᴩԺУǲľ㣬Ƣ
ǴԺʱҲһǳҪ飬ʵӣ˵żҵƸˣƺصģڲˣ
£ϵĽ֮⵴Ȼ޴棬̾Ϣһ˵ҸδѣѾһˣ⼸ÿ춼ȥҽҩܲܽҸףһ·ûУҲܵġ
żҵǲǸ䳤ϵһ㣬жо綾ţɻ
Ҳ̫żҵԼҸھ¥棬Ҹ׼ĸۣƢʮֻ𱬣Ҹû̸£֪ôͳ֣Ҹ׸ˣʱҲڳĻҲֳӣʵҸ׵Ϊߣ۵Ķ֣Ҳû룬żҵ˻ΪҸ׶֣Ҹ˳ӣֻ취Ҹ׾Ȼ˵ˡЩ˵˵


2481 ת
ҳƬ̣˳죬ɫȴȥɡ
Ӧһұ㳯һԺ˹ȥ˼ȣǵһ䷿ǰͣſڴվһŮӣģˣһͷһС㡣
Ұôˣʵ
үǸӣûоһһŮӵ
֪ˣȥЪŰɡ˵ţƿţ˽ȥ˺ܿ˳ȥ
֮ҿ߻һӣרտġ
ǹæһС㣬ͬ˳ȥ
Ұһˣǰ컹ŵģѾԹȥˣŵǼһֱѪ˲ٽϵҽ˵ûˡ˵ţۿͺ
ôûн͵ҶȣѦҵλҽ϶ܹסҵ
ҡҡͷЩε˵֮ǰҲһϷҽƵ䣬ҶȵѦҽΪƱѦҽ˵ҪȻҸ׵ҪҵһζҩģתݣΪҸֻҩĲҸ׻ҴŸҵѦҵҽӦýҲһġ
ô죿Ƶ
⼸һֱڴоתݣҲųϢǳ¼Ҫ߼۹򣬲ܶǮһҲҪŪ֣ЩüĿ˵³ؽ֮أһˣҩ֣ҽ֮⣬˺ܶݣ˵ܻתݣһȥ³ƣҩоתݵĻǳ¼ҲϧκδҲһҪҩն˵
Ӧһߵ˳ߣҿǳɫƣһ̽һҲʮ֮΢оʱҪȥӡ
ˣæǬ˱ȡ˼Ѧλү͸ҵĵҩҩǹؼʱ̵õģʮصʱ򣬿Գϼţܹ졣
˵ʵҩһֱţûгԹһš
óһȫ˳
СŸ磬ҰֳԵʲô
ǵõĵҩѦҵλƵģ˵ʱӦüǡҵ
ҩô棿Щ̫š
λ˼ܸòƭҰɣģһҩЧ֪֮̽̽ˡĳС֣΢Ц˵
ɫ΢΢һ죬ץҵ֣Щ˵СŸ硭û뵽ѵʱҡ
Ҳ֪Լôˣʱһֱ㣬ӦɣǱ˴ҵ
ޣ˵ĺòҪ˭ʲôӦ콿
΢΢һЦӣǾתݵʱȲҪżҸ˰ʣǳ棬Ǿתݱܹ
˭æѵص飿Ӻ
ǣҵ˱صãǽڣ϶˵ɡҵ
ͷ˵˵ǿһţҲĺܴ˵ǶǵΧ֮ڡ
ţڵȷǸʵҵ
СŸ磬ڵ˺ô˵ڵ˲̫ýӴһʮָ֮߰ˣѰĽǸġЩǵ˵
ҹһЦ˵ӣ̫ССŸˣڵҺ죬ô˵ɣһĲҵ£ҲĹɶɡ
쾪ȵĵɴ۾Ҳ΢΢ţȫһŵɫ
šСŸ磬⼸㶼ʲôôڶĲҵˣ쾪ȵ
¶˵ˣԺû¶ˣ˵˵ţұֻӴһ绰ȥ
绰ܿͱͨˣҴ
үô˿϶¶ʱΪ׼ţ˵ɣʲôҪġ绰Ǳߴ˽Ϥ
磬һһʮҪҪ鷳㡣ҿ
үˣϽ˵Ҳ˯ˡֵ
Ҳһˣ³ؽһϵĵطûһҩֵˣҵ
ҩ֡ȵȰϸ롭Ǳ߳Ƭ̣һŵˣˣôһˣڻҪִչһЩϡĲҩȻ߼ȥÿζܷüͷȷʵ


2482 Ů
˵Һͳ춼һϲʱͻȻ̲ס˵СŸ硭̫ˣһ绰ͿԴһ˺üŴҩˡ
쿴ҵЩУоðСˣ˫鶯Ĵ۾ҵٴμ
ôǵƮɢо˶Ǿġ
Ϊʲôôÿǵġ
ϡүϡ߿һŮˣһһŮҪǳĲÿûô˭ǲǾɩӶʱ˾񣬺ٺЦ
ðôϻϽ¶ҪҳЩûõġû˵
ôţ㲻ҵ˾ɩһ˵ʱˣ˵΢΢̧°ͣҡ
⡭Ͻ𰡣ûߵľǾɩȥơҷ
⻹࡭Цһ£Цݱۻ
ι˵ܲܲҪϽǰΣҿܲˣҹģôǡϽԹ
磬СŸӰͻȻ
ɩܲôүڵĴƹһҵģҽӾǸү򹤵ģԺɩչˣЯǡӺٺٴЦ
㣬֮ǰ˵СŸûŮˣЦһۣԽӵ
⻹治˵ǵļ¶ӹԼȥͲܹܵˡӾǸ˾Ͼͽתˡ
ҸɿһûЩԶˣɫ磬ҩм£ܲܰȥ飬ûһֽתݵĲҩܹȥһˣ۶ǮתݸǮϿ۳ͺá
õģүһȥȷеĻȥһˣǲҩǡӻص
ˣ硣ȥȾưɡҵ
ɾүԼǷҶٴξˣÿζ˵ҲˣҲˣǴһֵǧ𣬾үһҪúðհ⴦֮˰ɡ˵ţӾͽ绰ҵˡ
⻰˵һΣͬʱҲЩСС飬үģӣСүͲǳ˺ðɡ
һԵĳҲͲ֪˶ٴΣӽޣһȥһڵĳ嶯Լ̫ðָԼһӡ
ЩεĳĬһܿҾʹ˳Ĭ˵ɶǾͲȥ³ҩˣڸЩ飬ֹһˣӦñࡣ
šͷȥЩҸҵӣҵ̫Եʡ
ʱ⴫˽ŲʱѩſڣǺٺһЦ˵Сã÷Ǳ߳Ѿ׼ˣҪҪһһ
˳ѩһۣѾٶִˣתңʵżһ·϶ûгԷɣ
ǿɲһ·ʮСʱûԷ۾ûбһ¡΢Ц˵
ʱ֮۵ɫһҵ߰ɣϽȥԷǼҳӵգ֪ԲԵϰߡ
ӦһЦ˵ֻҪҵķˣҿ϶ԵϰߣԺ˵Ҫԡ
ɡһۣϽޣ˳ȥ
ұų߳䣬Ųķȥ
˲֮ҷֲ滹һˣǳүү࣬ϴڻɽʱ򣬼һ棬ûô˵
үӿ˹λվǿ˼ȻЦų˹˵³ظʬҵĺܹǳ¼ңԣӭӭ
æ˹ȥһ֣˵ʬҺǰ
ӣôﵱԼҾͺãһ·Ͷ٣ϽԵ㶫ªҲûʲôöдλͣҪǡүӺǺһЦűָɿ˼ɫҲǲ̫á
£˷ֱɨһϵķˣʮˣޣȫÿһ˶ʮ־£ɫζȫһǳʮĳ֮֡
ǴŴ󻧣Ǹ߸ڴ壬ѰЩʳǼûмġ
һ˵˾ƣȻæŸҼвˣҵУһȫүӾ۵ףʼչһĨѰζЦ⡣


2483 Ȣ
һʼҲֻǺѣ̸˵ջɽ֮ս飬һп
үӻұл⣬˵ҵҪȥæǳɹ֮ƱҪһص˸ƻˣ컪ɽĶ츣ؽڡ
һǳ¼ҵҲʧû䣬
Ϊˣǳ¼£ҶǸж¡
һȥɽҲûаȥǳɹ֮˺ϴ辭ǳһɵˡ
ܹ֮ôͻ콣һС죬ǹû
һ˵Ҳ˫Ӯľ档
ڳԷȾƵʱҷֳүһֱڿԲͣԵɣ¼ҵļ˲ⶼЩɫȻ㳶żҵ棬˵żҸ¼֮һԲϣ֣ĸ׳ˡ
ϣүүһͬȥ¼Ҫһ˵żԼҴҵ̫үźƳһûн¼ҵ˷
һԲϣٴζҲ̫үźƳˣˣƲ̫أҪǳΪҪ࣬źƳҲýŪ̫أҲ˼أû̫ص֡
Ҫǳ¼һһǳ̫ү鲨
λ˼Ϊ֮ˣ˫ű㲻·һΪʮǿ
Ϊϴȥɽʱ򣬳鲨үӲûȥҲǲûмˡ
ӡкûмʱ֪鲨үӵʱҲȥ˻ɽֻǵʱǲһʱҲ϶֣һЩˣԻɽ֮󣬱Աչȥˡ
үȻ˫ȲܶǱˣпж磬ߵʱ˵Ҫһܻ˭Ҳ֪үȥھ鲨үӳػа֮á
¼ҳģûȥżұˣֻܵȳ鲨̫ү֮˵
֮бڼƽϣȻżֻ¼ҳͷˣ۸Ůˣûʲô³һҪżҸصĴ۲С
ٷԵЩأĸԲڴϣ֪ʲôʱܹ鲨̫үڱչأǼ˵ʱ
԰˷֮ұүӸȻȥһط˵ҪҰһס
ڳ¼ҵĴԺ֮Уǣҵ֣ԺŲŽŲԵЩ컣ƺƮɢһݵ˿˿ζ
Ѿ˽סĵطʰˣ֪סϰϰߡǰţС˵
ϰߣҳƯʲôطû˯ʱҰ˯ҲǺġЦ˵
û˵ֱߵһǰ棬Ȼƿš
ǽȥ֮󣬽űŵһɺŵ̴ζƢ
֮ҲɫýŽŸˡ
ʮֿҾȫϺõĺľֵơ
һûжãұ鲻ԽһѽסˣԵĲһ£ɫͨ죬ޡ
Խ㣬оԽǾü
ӡûңЩ˵
š΢΢ͷԴѹĺܵͣȻұһ§סԴһȥ
ݣһʲôĸоǹ˵һֵġ
һʼʱ򣬳ԵЩӲҵĿը֮£ӱϿʼɢһ֮
ĶʮɬȻǵһαһǣֻǽı۾ɫģҲʼЩϢһ㵹㣬Ϊ֮
Ȼ䣬ҸоЩѳֲסˣ֣Ҫһʱ򣬳ͻȻһץסҵ֣С˵СŸ硭Ҫ
ôˡ㲻ϲЩ˵
ǡȢҡʲôԸ㣬ڡССҶˡ
ұһһƽһ¼ޱȵ飬Żɿ֣˵֪ˣȥɣϢ
ԼŮˣҲǿѣڸоԼҪըһĸо
컹ҵ֣Դ˵СŸ硭㲻Ҫᣬĺϲ㣬е£ܸܲһʱ䣬ҿ϶Եġ
£ʵҲû׼ãղЩ³çˣ㲻õңϽȥϢɣһ磬ǻкܶҪЦ˵
СŸ磬Ҫʲô̧ͷЩɻĿҵ


2484 ˹
˯֮ңȥżҿǲϲ۸ôҲǳ۸ζЩݵЦ
СŸ硭żҵ̫үźƳΪǿģԿ㻹ǲҪȥˣ￴ңҾѾ֪ˡһм˵
۸ҵŮ˾͵ڴǲվ߽ô꣬Ҳ֪ҵԸģһǼ۾ݲɳӣܹǵίҳ
˵ۿͻȻֺˣͻȻһٴαסңС˵СŸ硭лл㣬һǲϣȥһĽˣܵġ
ɵѾͷʵ˽ڵżҵҪҴˣôףĴ򲻹ǣһһֵܣֵܼ˴һ𣬾û¹˭ҳ
СŸ硭ҪȻҪҰɡ˵ţԴһ¾ҵĻ
Դһ£㿪ʼһŵ㲻Ϊ飬롭
ǡͨˣˡٴѹ̧ͷһۡ
Ҳ֮Σģ͸˵ߵȫ˽ˣһţһýȢӴʡ³أҺúùӡֵ
˵ĻһҪţ㲻ˣҾȥ㣬Ȫ·ϵ㡣סҵͣ˵
ðɣҾš˵⻰ʱҵԺͻȻֳ˰ǿҵԹ񣬶ʱû˵
һܻôһδ֪
һͻȻ;óļ˵ӣȻȥɣǵһңȥżңģҲµġ
ɿңҿһۣͻȻһ̨ż⣬Դ˹һ£ѵˮһ㣬űת뿪
СŸ硭úϢ˵ţת뿪ˡ
뿪ûãҹȥŵʱ򣬱洫һҽС
һҪȥʱͻȻŭ磬͵˵Ҿʹ
Сáԩ··Ǳߴ˳ѩĵ
ҵһЦҲ޿κΣѧëȻϲ͵˼ҵǽҿûиʲô飬ʱҲԴһȣ嶯һЩ
ѾʼˣղӶӦˣΪһҪʲô˾ӣֱӽ²͵ˡ
ϣɾҪˣߵĺܰ
ţ˴ϣҲûж룬ЩҲЩˣԺ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬ұæ֮󣬱㿴վſڣֻһװβ߸𣬶Һ΢һױݣԵǳؼǣ仹һɫΧȹСұһ㣬ҶʱЩˡ
쿴ɵ㶵ı飬ɫٴһ죬΢΢һɵվʲôϽȥϴϴˢϴˢߣϽԷ
΢΢һЦ˵ӣ緹ô
ǰҶû³ˣԸһٷɡЦ
õģȥϴˢҰ˵ţתݣҴææˢϴ˰Ȳı˳סС̧֣ͷһۣӯӯһЦҲû˵ʲôֱӴұ㳯Էĵط
һΣԷĵطˣĹһۣӣүӺʹأ
ڱĵطԷ类Ҵſˣˡӵ
Һһ࣬ûû뵽ôأЩģԺ󳳼ܵʱ򣬻᲻Ҳô
˼ʮ嵭СˣʮֿɿڣҲǡóԣ緹ԵĶеš
ӳԵĺ٣ûôӣһֱͣҼвˣʱҸ
ʵƽƽȴȻƽȻҸ֮ǰȷѪһȣֱҪϼ򱶡
ô˹ӡ
ҽķ˲һɨ⣬ȻʮվӣĶӣ˵ˣԱˣǸɻʱˡ
óôСʵ
̫óˣҷʮ˱ˣһƯͻݵŮˡЩŵ˵
ֻǿңЦЦ˵ʮֿĵģ
Ҳһ죬ȥһסĸ첲Ц˵߰ɣȥżҡ
˵ϵЦͻȻʧˣǵ˵СŸ硭ҿǲҪȥˡ


2485 ǲ˳
ôˣ˵ĺúõģַˣҿ˳
еģˣżҵǺܴģǼҸҲܶࡣԡһǵ˵
֣΢Ц˵ӣ£Ҳ˵ģҲǼҳ㷹˵ѾϰˣӲܣǲȥԼҲҹȥҾ飬ûܹҡ
̧ͷһۣĬȻĵ˵ͷұһסĸ첲˳ȥ
ߵԺʱ򣬳쿴һԺɨˣкһӦһٵ뿪ˡ
ߵ¼ҴԺſڵʱ򣬷ſڴѾͣһɫĴ󱼡
˿ûдǳ¼ҳͷȻ֮ǰû׼óӡ
Ҽҵĳȥɡ
Ӧһų˺ţһ˾˾㷢˳ӣǳԶʻȥ
·ϣժΧȹĿҵļ֮ϣöû˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôߣĪľ;ʮְȣҲȥżҵΣǰǵɽ𺣣ݣҲΪȥһΪ˲ǰŮݸһЦ
ʲô˼ɡ
㣬һ·Ĭţʻ˴ԼһСʱǱͣһܴׯ԰ſڣǰǸ˾ͣ˳ӣתͷǣ˵С㣬żҵˡ
ҿһ۳죬˵߰ɣһ𡣡
šᶨĵ˵ͷ˱һ˳ӡ
һ³㳯żҴԺȥǺôɣ¥۲ƣ¥мһңд֡Ÿ
ҡоͺ˲֪żҺǮƵġ
ʱ磬ҿһɫҲɰ˵ӵӣżҵ˻ûпʼæ
ҿżҵĴţ΢΢һЦ˵ӣߣҴȥżҡ
쿴һۣЩĵ˵СŸ硭Ҫ̫
ûٸԣһ֣ԾȻֱӶ׼ż¥мңһл㾦ȥ㽫Ҵϡãɢһأ¥о̮һ㡣
һе֣ʮֵ⣬ԼǸɵƯ
ץų֣һ㵽żſڣ̧һţżҵĴ֮ϣǴߵķֱײӭǽϣӭǽʱҲ̮һ顣
һѾżҵԺ֮С
ͻȻıʣʱżҵˣԺʱֺһƬ˳߾ۼ˴µôˡôˡղŵ׷ʲô飿
һʮֵĺӴӸ˹ӭǡ
ԶɲнŲ߸ţżҵ˻١
Щ½Ϲʱǳ߿һۣȻֳԼӭǽ¥ķһۣʱ׹ôһ¶ˡ
߲ƣǹѰġ
죬ǳ¼ǻǰɣȻˣŲŸֱӰǼҸˣһ꺺ŭ˵
ȳֱǰżСүҵģǳ¼ʲô¶
´һۣЩʶ˵ĸǿûϵ˳ôҲݳǴôҰĵطô
ش󣬾ͻûҰĵطżСүƨ硣΢Ц˵
ȻҲǸߣҿΪһ㡣
ʱ򣬳ҶߣС˵СŸ磬ĶŻ
΢΢ͷʾȻתͷٴοŻʱ򣬴Ѿɫ䡣
ҿ˺һȻ㵹һ˵ղšղ˵ʲô
³ظʬҵӭʱҡҵ˵
ǸϴŵɱħŻٴβʵ
ҡɴĨ޺Цݡ
żҸһֱԩ޳ɡΪʲôҪԸżңŻɻ
СүżҲ˳ۣɿôҵ
ҿ̫̫żҷˣǣҴŵĿͽŻ˵ţʱʮһϡ
΢΢һЦܿʩչٰ˲ֶΣһΣӭЩ˹ȥЩ˵ʱ˳ִлɢŰ֮һһɰɫҩɢЩڳҵˣ̱Щɫҩһò֣һһԵ˵ϡ


2486 żҸ
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ֻŻһˣʮֻΪһЩ㿪лɢ
㿪֮ʮԶһֻűӣһֵĿҵû뵽ȻУö̫ˡ
թҲöôһϣѵͺܹôҲɫ˵
УС֣һǼ̫үĵʱ򡣡ŻһҵĶֱ֣תҪܡ
ʱٴץס˳ĸ첲ٰ˲ֶΣ±㵲Żǰ档
ŻΪٰ֪˲ֶΣʱһĹһֵۣ㡭ղôģ
ܼ򵥵зţѵǼ̫үôҿ㻹ӣ㿪ǱȻȻɣ
˵ţɿ˳֣㳯Żץ˹ȥŻ֪Ӳˣһ𣬱㳯һ˹
Ȼһͣʵȷǲô̫ˣۿҪ˵ϵʱҸצΪƣŻؿһƣһֻǵĴƣؿڵʱǼһʱһҺһ±˳ȥʮԶŹڵء
Ѫ˵һð̣òǱ
ղһƣȻ֪أһȥʮ֮һƵûϣǶһɣŻͱһƸˡ
Ż˵ϣҺܿͳ˹ȥ
ϸСĵϲϹȥСӲΡΡҵӾ֡
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˲ˡүҴˡСӵǺʶʱ֪ԼУžͷˡ
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Żһ㶣ǾЩƣʱٴĵүҲҡҲҺˡ
캰һͷŭһ۵
£ŻҲŵĻһ£㳶ɤӴɱˡ˴żˡ¼ҵ˹Ѱˣ
СӺʮôǺһ㣬ҺͳߵڶԺӵʱԺѾ£˲ˣǿҳŻ첽ܶ˸ҿ
ҴʱѾĞųӿһΪûеˣڸܵϵѹ֮󣬹ƶŵĵ˿ӡ
ʱߵԺһƬյм䣬ͻȻǰ߳һˣԼжʮΪ׵һ˿ȥиʮ߰꣬߻һʮˣһĳ߿첽
ȻЩԶǳһ۾˳С˵СŸ硭ǰǸ˾߸ŵһλĸۣҸ׸˵ġ
Ӧһ˵ͷ˵ðɣʲôҾͽʲô֮ͳƽˡ
šһ£۵һ˵СŸҪСһЩ׵Ϊ
֪ˣ㲻õҡЦ˵
Щ˽Ųܿ죬Ƴ壬ܿ㿿ǡ
ĿͽȻżҰŲҽڶιһѽŭ
ߵǽǰ֮ſߵĳ죬ʱ۾Цһ˵ӣֲòϼ޸ңԭҰˣǲҰ˹ˣ
ĳ죬ȫµ˶ˣҲ޸㡣ŭ
ҴʱѾʼ۾ǰʮ߰ͣĻڣɫ׾ҲʮֶֻǸһֶĸоʲôˡ
ӣ˭ãǹԹԵļ޸ҰɣݳǣҲֻŵԣ˵ǲǣһ˵ţһ߳ų̰ɨš
ȳ˵վߵǸˣҲĸͻȻ˵ĿͽϽҶܷˣҪȻ߳żҴԺ
硭ҰŻĿ۵
ҿһִۣл̫Ѩ߸߹صüëһҲǸߴ䣬һΪǲ֮ˡ
ۣʵ
ҾۣǺˣʵ
ҽμ棬һһᡣҺٺЦ


2487 ү
ԱţʱŵĻһҲŵĻһ£Щ˸һƺߣŵ˺ü
˵ʵڵģڽϻô꣬еģֻҪǽϵߣһ֪һصаĴڣһصĴϣȫ֡
ЩһصСֶ棬е˼ɱûһǧҲа˰٣һɱħڻš
һصԣֻеһ⻹ʲôʬšʬ֡ˮʥ̡Ѫ̡ܡ֣һվڽ֮϶ţҪ֡
ֻҪȦģû˵Щˣ֮١
ԣżҵһұԼţŻųӡ
㡭ǡסĴͷ³ظʬҵĺˣЩŵʵ
ңҲǼ֮ͷżˡҵ˵
żԶڴʡ³صżǧûʲôԹΪҪżҵĻ۳ʵ
ѵûпôǳҵҰˣǳ¼ҳͷģǳ¼ҶûˣһҰ˹䵱档ǿۣΪ࣬ԭֿԹҰ˵ûŮˣҿûȢţҪȻҲżҵ档ǳԲ˵ᣬݺݵĿų
С˵ǹģģ컹һƻŮСһһҰˣһһûĳۿͨ죬ҧгݣҪˡ
ʱһѳĸ첲ʾҪүڣֵ֣
£ҳݺݵһЦ˵ǸİɣŮˣôҲ䣿ղ˵Щȫ˶췢ģҪǲ飬ʽ˶վ͸ˡ
˵⻰ʱ۾֮ɱҲ֮ǣΪȻҲǸ˿̵ȣ֪˶ٵΡ
ôԴǷʽʩչ֮󣬲ΪǣҵĵҲŷ˺ü
治Ǵţȣ¼ߣ˰Ҽɵ֮⣬ûµġ
ǰգһ϶ˡ
һССżңѣ
˺Ŀע֮£ЩˣۿһЩ˵ûУģżҵĵϣôҰвҡ
˵һŵĻԣٴ˵
ôı񰡣׻˵ĺãǿѹͷߣǵĵϣΪܷʲô˻Щŵ˵
Ǻǡĺǵĺˮʥ̣Сү˵żǵͷߣѵͲô
ҽֲĴڸ˳۵˵ɫʱͺ
ˮʥ̺ĺǿǺˮʥֱ̣ƿֲа֯
Ƿˣǵ˰˱ѪùҸ˵ʶͻȻûɵʳôһ䡣
Ŀû˵ʾ˵
˵ʶƽ˵׼Ҵǿ
꣬ⲻǷϻôǿһֵܣȻŶӽסںܾ֮ǰǿϣֻǽϵ˾áǿЩƿڣһֱǡסʼնûǿġ
ǿͻȻͷֹѵǿ֮仹Щ飬֮ϵĻõô˵ҲøǿһӣܽѸˣԺֵ֮Ҳÿ
ǿֵʲôʲôϵҷŻһЩ˵
˵ʵڵģǿСȻզأŮճǲҶԳ춯˼֮ǰҲյ⣬ֵǿ⹫˳棬ҲŴͷû뵽ʱգҿ˳죬ôֱ˳ҵ˭˭ˣʮƵ˵
꣬һΪСӸǿϵأԭ˹ǿǽǣ¸û˵ˣСӵһ϶ٲˣΪһҪǿһ١
ʱһֱվû˵ۣﲻ֪ʲôͻȻ߰ɣ飬Ϸ͵ûз


2488 ̫
۵⻰һڣڳ˶һ¡
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ǰ۵ǺôȣҽżҸ˸ϡã¥ҶҸˣǼ϶ĸͷһȻ˵¶ôˣܹġ
ҺܿԵɣǰػ֮ˣ֪ǲֵĴڣǱһҲˣҲˣҲ˰ɣ
ǲ𻹶㲻żҲʲôǣˡ
ܹ˵ⷬȷҵ֮⡣
Ȼż۸¼Ҷ۸ݶϣ¶ѵô˽
Ȼǲܵġ
¼үӻڲ֮ϣ۵ƣһߡ
ûôڣһвŸոտʼͷϣôܾأ
˵ҵһЦ˵ۣΪˣ
㲻Ҫ̫ҪΪЩͣԽżҲżҲǵС֮ˣ֮Ծˣ㽻ѣǽϻģ˴һߣպҲ˱ƼˣҲûʲôùӳԡߣżҺͳ¼ҵĶԹûκιϸƾʲôų¼Ҵżңŭ˵
ʵĺãҾ͸Ϊʲôĸ׳δδŵϱҪأ㽫ԴδһŮܲܲʣҿ۵
⻰һ˵꣬һʹƺ߳ͷʱ򣬷ֳһģǸоǼȸжֺߣô˵棬˵δŵϱϿ϶ЩҲסġ
˻һ˵꣬ʺ֮𣬿ų˵죬ҾˣôῴֻһıçѣǸһҰ庺Ҫɶûɶû˧Ҳûż޷ǿһЩѪ£ڽ¶һѣڸһüԺڶˡ
ȥ꣬Ҳ֪Ҫһ̶ȣҲûпСӱ˧Ҫ˵ǮҷڵǮóʮ֮һƶżңǰţȺģҲ֪˭
쿴ŵģҲվӣСŸһٱһǧֹҾϹۣҲῴ޳֮ˡ
߳ŭҪ˵Щʲô۱ǳˣס죡
ҡ
ס죡۵һۣʱʵࡣ
ǳ֮۱ٴοҵҲ֪˵Ǽ٣Ҿ͵˵İɣѾֵز㻮һ˽飿
Ȼ˵ݶϣҲͲҴˣֱӿżɽ˵˵Ҳܼ򵥣㣬̩ɽǲƸ˵ģ
Ҹɵġ۳
ǳүүǲǼҵ̫ү˵ģʵ
Ҽ̫ү˵ġֵ
Ȼ˾ͺðˣҵҪܼ򵥣̫ү¼ҿͷԼƴһƣƸ¼үӲͺãղδޣҴ¶Ǿôˡҵ˵
̫
ҵĻһ˵꣬۱ŭˣһǣӯһ˫ĿʱɵԲһ֣һһΣ㳯˹
ЩˣżĴ֣ҲΪߣ۵к֮£һҳɱ
Ҳ޼أԻζĺ죬һͬк
ҿżҵҪҴƴĽ࣬һѳ죬С˵ӣ˺ʰЩ˼ɡ
ĿһۣǸӣ˼С˵СŸ磬Сһ
һ䣬۵㳯к˹һٰ˲һֱӶЩ˵湥ǵ
룬һ̣żҵЩ˿϶һ±Ƶ״̬Ҳأ
ǷӦҷһţ㳯żЩеһ˹ȥ
һͷѵġǲ죬ű˷һ֮İ֮˵һһֹĻȥͷ¶˳
ͳȥţּֽֿ˵ȸ߶ˡ
ûٴ֣۵ٴγк˹


2489 
ǱȫˣŭһͷʨӣеٴɱһΣҲûжһ֣ٴμ˳ݺݵĸеƴһǡ
˵ʵ۵ΪȷʵҪȻҲһƽ˴ĵزһҵҽ֮ϵʱһܹоϴǧ֮أǰԴҪҵǻﲻɡ
Ҵʱȣǲ࣬âһе͵һֶʱŵɫ䡣
ʱе޼˹޼ȫǴ̣ҲȥץеĽֱӽ޼סˣסҵĽ꣬϶ʱһϲȻ͵ҪƾȨһѽиеȥ
ˣƾǵ뽫еĽȥֱǳΣҶڽգշ磬ֱջص֮оˣҲܽ˵С
һ֮£ûһ£һɲǣȻһͳ˹
ҶֵƬ̹żǼֶʱ˺üһֱӽ߷ɳȥżҵǼ̫ˣһŶʱı˷򣬳һĴ˹ȥ
Ǵֺ߶ûһ˲ͱ˳ȥ˵ϡ
ߵǣżҲʲôаһݵһ壬Բܴɱ䣬һ˶ܱɱ
ȻҲڽԹٷǱҲ飬ֻȲѣǲܶɱ˵ģҪȻĳɱħԺ󽭺᲻̫ãΪɱ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵һߣպ
ҿ԰żҵ˴УǲܴҸµĵߡ
ҲЩµģ֮󣬷ӦҲѸ٣޼һ˦ֳص˹ô˰ΧһЩţܶɱУڴ˿̵˵еΪѡ
ڶݵ֮Ҳٴγɱ
˿̣ͻȻָı뷨ҪٵĽżҸӣͱ뽫ߵЩСආȫſ£Ҳڳʰˡ
ͷһżҸͬʱɱʱұٴζٰ˲ֶΣϵշתŲżҸӶʱһա
żҸӴЩ֣ΪҪ࣬ÿεȥ֮󣬱һֵеĽ귭ɣֱӳǵĽŽ˹ȥ
һѪŽżҵЩһŵ˵ϡ
˽Žζ϶ǲܵģΪҪһ룬Ժ˽ŽжͷӦҲǰ
߰˸תŲ֮£żҵЩַ׷ױҿڵأȫǱ˽Žġ
ȵޱȵٶȣѾżҸӵսľˣζҪ׽ҵΣȴôһӣұѾ˱𴦡
ʮżҵĴ֣޲˫ڰҲѾѪȾһƬ죬ѪĴ
żҸ۵ĺֱҵڿһĶһ㡣
еĽһָżҸӣ˵ղڻлᣬһԼĽŽնˣڿɾѾˡ
ѣŭһ֮࣬Ǳŭͷԣٴγɱ
Цһβûʩչٰ˲ӭǸӶ˾ͳɱ˹ȥ
һ۵˳ȥһ޼Ҫº֣նĽŽʱͻȻоһգЩľ֣һƶոŲϴˡಡ죬һתͷȥʱ򣬵Զǽ϶ʱˡۡ죬ʯɽ
ԭаǰϸС룬ʮ㣬ʮֲֿ
ȥʱҾȻûзİǴһλġ
꣬еаţҪҶΣյĸӦԼǿ˵Сİ㣬˿ɾͶˡ
żңˢӵģֲܹҿ⡣
ϾɲɫΪҺٺһЦ޼ʱֳ˦˹죬Ѿҵ
үģΪСүǣʱһٰ˲ԦľͲľ֮ͬʱ߶


2490 żҾѧ
ľ֮Ԧľһ߶ʯʱٵһЩ׳Ĳľ۲ƶȥ
ǸӶһ龰ʱҲһ׷ܣϵʯ壬һһı賤ĻĲ˳ȥ
ǸӶҪȴҲ޴ӶݣΪ˷ȫǷĻĲһǻһ趯ǲƶȥ
ʧ֮䣬ǸӶֻûеķЩĲȥȴҲ޷赲Ĳͷ
ǸӶ˱ĲŪæҵģȻǳĺܡ
ͷһۣЩնϽŽ߶˴ȹǵżҴ֣һĳɾ͸Ȼ
ȻĿǰһĶĲżó¼ôίҲֻǸոտʼѡ
Ĺһۣżҽׯ԰źܲӣɽˮ鿣̨ͤ¥󣬻һЩʮϡеֲЩֲҲǴӺԶĵط͵ġ
ȻǴ㽫żҸˣǾҪҵĳһЩúõӳһڶ
뵽ֱӷſֽȥɡ
ȲȥܱԦľסżҸӣֱӱ㿪ʼżˡ
һаˮʩչżլԺܶʱķһĺ죬ʯĴ׷ɣһʱ䷿¡¡죬ҾӦöһƻǰõľҵĽ֮±ݻ٣ǽһƬһˬ˵ã
һſ˸ɣȻǺ޹˼ɣһе콣ҽʩչżҿˣѰģֱӵģ˻졢Ѫƺͷûбʩչ֮⣬ַʩչһ飬żҵһլԺһ߰˰ˡ
֮ʵҲǵΪ˲żҵլԺʵһ壬ʵżҵʱ䣬һֱھһˣżҵ̫үźƳҾͲˣҶżҲģźƳǸ϶ܹס
ҲżլԺʱ򣬲ϸЩľżҸӣʱ۴УƿڴҲȥǣֻԼȫһ˵
֪³
ʵΪԼҲܹоҵΪֲ֮żҵһصͺˮʥ̵ĻżҸͱҴж˿ˣﻹֵл֡
ҲĲˣһս꣬ĹһۣܲԫϱڣһƬǽ壬ڹǺһ㣬ʮˬ
̫ΪҪҼҵķӣӽżҸ죡۱һеɨһȦΧߵļ׳أһеǸ׳ͻȻɢөɫĹâһ±˼ʮܵĻĲɨһȦʱٻĲƽף˷ĩһ㡣
ʩչһгʵҾһѣϣŶӦûżʵиһսʱ
˿̵ۣ趯˶ޱȵͺһֻϣһ׳֦һ㣬Һɨһɻصơ
Ǿ޴ҹʱҿٵٰ˲һԡ
תȥʱ򣬷Ҹղվĵطһ±۸ҳһֱ׵ĴӳĲʯ壬ʱһƬӷۡ
Ҳһʮķ
żң汾еġ
ÿʼǰˣһûңֻǾ޴İ鳳ҺɨһҲûжý곯Ǿ޴صһһ콣еķ绢һ֮ЯޱȰײеϡ
һУֻһУ۱վȣе㱻һи˳ȥ
Ҳײ˺ü
ʱҲеĽ꣬һΣ㳯˹ȥ
ҳɱ˹ʱݵһЦͻȻ˫֣ǰһ㿴ֺӰųȻ˫ͻȻΪ֮ᣬ˫֮ϵ䶼ķ۷顣
Ȼ䣬ұ˹ĿǰõһУƱǽǳ˴ƣҲʩչΪֵı¹Ըҡ
֮˽ĿģҪһżҵľѧƣжô
ҳ۵ʱһֱڲԶĳͻȻСŸ硭Сƣ


2491 ż̫ү
˳ҷľ֮𽣻ʱ򣬳֪ҪʲôˣҵĿԶ׼ҪʶһżҵľѧƵʲô̶ȣֻһ£ܹɴ˴ĵز
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˵ʵȫһƾͽ۸ˡ
Ͼ֮Ϊ޴ҹɵκһ˵ΪҪ֮ϡ
ɲ֮䣬ƱãɞųȻݺݵײһ
ҵ˫ָ۵˫ֽһȻֻǡžһϸ΢죬ǲĞųȷǿֲ
һ˴˵Ľ³Ĵٵӿűߵʯ嶼˳ȥ
Ȼұоһɰҵ˫۹ӿһ˲䣬һֱ˵ĸоʩչĴҲǳصģȻ㻯Ƶַӿ˻ȥ
ҸоЩ̫ǣʩչƻһϢڲƶܹݻƶ
ֻ΢΢оһЩΪƶҲ̺ɻˡ
˶ƴһ֮˸վԭشԼӵʱ䣬һûұ㿴ǰۣɫ䣬Ȼ󾪾ޱȣͷһշȻ󵹷ɳȥڰ֮УѪһԴ˵ϡ
ջ˫ƣһ룬ֲżôţЩҪҶôƵֻԵеĻȻҲܹˣҹҲᱻش
һ֮ΪҴѧģԶǿҵı죬Сˡ
ֻ۵Ϊһεˡ
ķɳȥ۹ڵ֮ûлȥŻ˺üѪǾֵ˵ôôܹơ
ۣǵΪ۵̫߿ˣΪһصһϳܽŰֵʲôˣֱǳΡ
˵ţұ˹ȥ
۱һĵŵĻɢϵΪһֱɱȻҲû뷨ϾҪ۵ʱ
ͻȻ䣬֮йһ磬ҵ˹
һľæһż⣬󵹷Ȼһ֣ŴҵǸץ˹ȥ
ԼУҸоǶںģʲôԲŻȥץ
һץסǶʱ򣬲Ÿоⶫ㣬ϴŶתǬƣȴǱһסΡ
꣬գҺ޷ʱһͻȻϮ
ҽеĶǰһʱ򣬲ŷĶȻһƬɫƬ
ͽţżҵˣҪżҵլԺΪżûܹԸôһʮԴ˹һ𣬱һ磬洵ĳҵķ
ˣżҵ̫үźƳҵȵľ
϶ܹסҶҸļɹһƬǽˣˡ
϶ղ˵Ͷĳһط͵͵ĿأҪҵжͣûʲôѭ
۱ҴˣȲ
ΪʹǿҾѧƣܹҳԸɣֻ鲢ûеôҲ
ѭȥһźɫװӵߴԺһ̮ǽڴ˳ͷŴͷɫͷɢԺ󣬺񻹴˷͹ˮӬоҪ֡
Ȼͷ׷ͷ壬üëֶŨأһ۾ӥҵʱԴһϞų
ѹ˵İϷ𲻵κãƣܱȵùһĴڣ
̧֮䣬ɫ䣬Ϊɱ֮Уǲ˸о־Ĵڡ
ǰͷ޷Ǿưˡ
źƳżҵ̫үҿ˻Ǹͷ˵
Сӣŵǲеͷˣô˵ϷҲĽǰеܸеİɣźƳ˵
˼һʮţӦѧӦһ£ڽĳҲֻһЩұȽ𾴵ϣǹС˵ҿ˰ɡҵ˵
ͷֻɭȻһЦ˵Ϸ˵֮ϳôһһǲͬ찡


2492 ֤
ڸźƳ˵ʱұ㽫Ğų˳ȥҪһż̫үΪ״ﵽһʲô̶ȣЩʱ򣬲Ǵӱ濴ܿĳġ
ȥ̽źƳΪʱźƳҲ̽ң˫ԶεΪΪöԷԼĵϸ
ȻָεϵΪȴҲһ̽ΪķʽĪĵϸ֤Ϊ֮ϣҵģҲͬ˵ҵΪп֮ϡ
˭ǿһЩֻжֲ֪
ҿźƳ΢΢Цŵģνᣬ˵ûиԼʾŻ½Ļ£һΣҪ
Сӣ㿴ҪΪ¼ҳͷˣźƳ
ѾزѾղסˡҵ˵
Եģų¼ҵǸŮ뿪ϷԼ̣Ϸϣһʼԣ¼ҵ˴ˣ˼ȻѾˣżҲǿûлͷ۱ˣżҵլԺҲ䣬ʮҶն˽ŽڶҲӦó˰ɣźƳ
ȥΪͷǳƴģôҲû뵽ܹ˵ⷬԼã˳ǸԵĸĪ⣬Ҫתų뿪ˣԺ˵ʹʲôĵֶΡ
ͷ϶ưոݡ
ǲȷǷܹһܹ׾ٵĽҸŵҲ˵ôķϻ
Զǿʵ˵
ţұźƳ˵ͷ˵˵㻹ʶԼĴģҲգҲͲżҼƽˣһһȥ¼ҵ˿ͷ˳㽫ȫ䣬ǾôˣȻˣԶԶûгغðɡ
ҹ⽫˵񶾣źƳ⻰ӦķˣԺҪҵ鷳Ҳûж
ֻǵ˵ЩʱźƳɫǺƵЦ
Цķ֮ͻȻ߳ˣ˿ȥ߰ʮ£˷棬ŰΧ
ŵĿͽͲҪϻˣү֣ڴ˴żô꣬ʲôʱԹ
һϹͺͺĵкŭңҿ
һҲ߰ʮͣͷףɽվһ仰Ҳ˵һѳ۾һֱбƲҡ
һָоǰ˺һֻһֱ㲻лĹΪֹݣȻУ۾ȴϵÿһҪһֱ졣
ʱҲͻȻ꣬ҲˣҲӵģźƳȻӣΪܲȸղŵҪࡣ
ֲżܹѹ¼һͷ˶̫ࡣ
ɱ˲ͷأղϷѾˣ㻹ҪͱˣҪΪż㣬ȻǸᡣźƳ˵
ðżҵ͵ģʲô¾ʩչȸǣڽƴۣһСүɲ֡ҳ
źƳɭȻһЦ˵ðżǰˣԺԲѰ𡣡
ãҲ֤ʤܣǽҲżҵ鷳
˵ţҳųķһۣɫӣԸ֤
˵ǵ֮ɫ첽ұ˹Щ˵СŸ硭߰ɡżѾˣǳ¼ҵĳҲǱˣٴȥˡ
˵飬ͲҪˣֻ֤еκһ˶ܹΪұ𡣡ҳ
СŸ硭ӻҪ˵ЩʲôһֱӴĻ˵ӣվԶһģǲġ
˵ˣȻǣȴǺиʮ׵ľ롣
ʼɡɨһ˵
δ䣬ȳҶֵıһֱûпɽеĳһХֱӱҵžͿ˹
ղž˵ʱɽ㲻ɫĿҺüҴԼ׵ľ룬̶̵ľ룬һΪ˵Ҳһ֮ң
ХɱӭͬʱǵкҲһͭҵһ࣬ҵ°ɨ


2493 һ
ֵܶһ֣źƳҲһѳһ죬סӶݵĺ·
үǸ֣˵źƳΪ϶ߵһ
һ˦˲ƶҵĽǰ
źƳһʼֵʱ̱߶ٰ˲һԶ˹ȥ
żҵĸ֣ڴ˿̵һЩѹģͬʱԸȻ֣ҳֿ϶ҪɱУҲɱУ˺пܾҡ
ٰ˲һովȽŸźƳվҵǰҲǶسɴֶεģһ㳯ĿѴ˹ǰһֻǽӰأܲ͸磬һӵʱоǳҴ̳ʮĸо
һһ߽˳Կ죬˲źƳʮУ̵ĸо϶ĽҲǳ֮ǽǻһ㣬񶼶ù䣬৵죬üζѾʮֽӽңѾоϵɱ뺮â
ҸźƳ˼֮ٴγһ˹
һ̫Ծһһ֣ҳԿ
żҲǹҪģźƳһҸүһֵĸ֣Ҫ߰ʮĶһͬԸңһ˵ǳ۸ֲܹ۸¼ҵ顣
ǲҪһӶҪġ
ҸźƳƴͬʱ˳ֱ㽫ʦִҵǬ˱ȡ˳һôСүҲûа֡
ʦһҴǬ˱ұ㽫ɽͷ˹ȥ
ΪҸоɽҵвӦģϼһ̫ˡ
ʦĳɽ˹ȥɽ󾪣Ϊҳȥʲôұæһ˿ȥ󶨾һֶʦͻȻ˲Ȼڣһɽ˹ȥ
ɽŵľһæˣʱ򣬶ʦѾһɽ׷˹ȥһ׷ɽ³һԪ֮
ҲЩˣǶʦĽɽճ˻ҽҲôżҵġ
ʦָɽ֮߾ͻʣǵк͵ͷźƳ
ˣҸоԼߵѹҲ˲٣ɽͷƣǱôţҸоڣ±һɡ
⸸Ӷӣһ̣һ̣һʼ̫Ϥǵ·ҵƴʽʮֱأֻҪ̽ǵʵȻ취Էſ¡
Ҳ߽ô꣬Ľ飬׻˵ĺã֪֪˰ս˵
ǸӶһʮУҲǵ·
ʱҲŷ֣ǸӶ֣ҲҵĶ֣źƳΪо׻Ӧò࣬ôһùĵкΪҲ൱һصܶһͷʹǿôһ
ƴ⼸ʮغ֮ұЩסˣһǺɨ˳ȥɨǧʽźƳҲҺɨһȻҲнݺᣬײһ𣬰һ죬źƳα΢΢һΡ
һεĴ߶Ԧľֱʹȫ΢΢ζȻӵʯ壬˵ϲƶȥ
źƳǱ߲ƵĻĲģֻܲϻеĳЩĲһȥܺɨһƬƤɶ𣬵ɲлĲӵ֮Ͽٵ֦Ҷֱ۴ϸҽźƳסˡ
һתұ㱼ǵкɱȥҴһơ
ǵкĹʹĲ˲ұһ𣬶һ죬·ɣȴҲܱƵǵкŲңˣΪǷţҺԱܹѹһͷ
ƴʮ֮󣬵кһȣе֮ͭϷȻ䣬ͭ˲Ĵ׳ޱȣ˰ɫĺ⣬оʥĽ𹿰Ƶģɽ㵹һ㳯˹
һһʮķ绢ǹӴ˹ȥ
֮ϳһĹ֣ϯŲľʯһײǾ޴Ĺ֮ϣֻһ£㽫ǹӸķ˳ȥ
һٰ̣˲ٴʩչһ䣬ұ㵽ǵкߣһƣ㳯ؿ˹ȥǵк˼ҲڳҶԺһơ
֪õƣǴƼƣΣ˰˳ɵ
䡱һ죬ǵкһҺѪϵ˳ȥ


2494 
кҪ۵ǿ࣬ҵĴƺȣǲһЩ򣬴̺⣬ҵ˲䱩üҴܹƶ·Σܴռʲôˡ
һƽǵкķɳȥ֮æȥȥһǵкĽŽˣҪҲҪһĽѵǳԵͷС
߸ҪȥʱñһϮæŲһ٣еĽԾȻĶͻ˹ȥҶûпҴĵʲôֻһ죬ʮ㣬㱻һ˳ȥ
ҲſҴźƳƥеĽ
Ҫɱֱӽ˹
Ҫ϶źƳ˵ţͻȻʮֹĲλл㱣ܿЩϲƵڰ·֮ϣһ֣㽫ǰѷУٴαϮ
۾źƳǵкһƣҲǰ֮ˣնϽŽòҲû̫ôǰһ˵
뵽ٴκеĽ꣬ӭźƳɱȥ
һΣҸźƳƴǽʮغϡ
ٴηֿʱҷźƳƥŽ΢΢ȻҲоЩ飬ȴҲǰ㡣
û뵽û뵽ɽв˳ССͣΪֲֵزϷ֪㾿ôģźƳȻû䣬Ѿ֮пľ֣Ǹ֣ҲҵĶ֡
֪ôż֪ܿΪλڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣǿˡ˵ţǵһ˿Ц⣬ٴɱȥһл㾦һɫĹѸһ㳯˹ȥţִǬнǱͭǮ˳˱ͭǮšһ춯ͭǮ뿪ȻͭǮƥѹ˹ȥ
źƳʧɫ֮࣬æ˼һ̧֣֮ͻȻƷʮһҵʯ壬Լǰǻһ㾦Ȼʯ屻ͭǮķ顣
ҲźƳϢĻᣬһٰ˲ߣѾҽϵĺбƵĶˣͻȻߣʶıҪسɴֶζոʩչʱѾһ˹ȥ
һܿ죬Ҹоǽⴥƥ壬һƺߡ
źƳһվʱҲſķһǻźƳĺ󱳣ղŶ㿪ʱôʮ֮һʱ䣬ĺ֮һܳ˿ڡ
վϴӺ֮ϵѪһһε˵ϡ
ŵģҵĶ֣¼ҿĸͷϸôôһˣɾʲôûˣվǰ˵
˻޷Ǹ棬ʿɱ裬ҪϷͷϴ붼Ҫ룬һδɵëͷСӣΪɱңż֮ãҲ˵ʶʶżֶΣ
˵ţźƳͻȻɫЩ˫ͬʱͷԭյգͻȻܲ
̧ͷһʱһСѵһһ㣬ײɣ
Ҹ뵽֮ܲ䣬ͷͻȻֳ˼ݺύ磬к¡¡֮
ãƥҪŴУһţȣҶסɾ鷳ˡ
뵽Ƭ̲ҵ飬һΣһٰ˲㵽ߣһС˹ȥ
ȻҵĽ͵ϣͷ֮ͻȻһըײƫУźƳϡ
꣬ŵҲɢǽͳȥһ룬Ӳ˻ȥæһٰ˲ٴ㵽һԡ
Ϊǵը׻ҵϡ
ٴγźƳȥʱ򣬷˫Ƴϣ֪ʲô˫ƾȻɵϵ⣬Ȼϵ˫֮ϣ쳣
ţһը˫֮ϣƥɫǺ죬һЯһĵâ㳯ɱ
δһĺëȫźƳ⣬ʵֲ
ѵżţĿҾѧƣ
⣬ܲԿ˵У
ҵĴƺеƣִͬǵʱ򣬽һЩϸСĵ̺ڣֱӿԽǿһƥ
һ߰׵ʱźƳ㳯ĳһƣһâ˲֮籡


2495 һ
źƳ׷ˣʩչżΪǿĿҾѧƣƷ˿ֲҲʼЩˣΪҲͱ䳤ϵǿһЩ
ۺǵк͵ͷҲ̣ûожǿȻźƳһʩչʱرɫ¡¡Ū˺ô̡
źƳʩչƣֶβ֪Ҫүǿٱ
ֲżţ壬ԭһпԶһǿš
ŭ֮µźƳڽ֮϶ݺύĵܲ˫֮ϣѾ״εž죬Ȼһ˦һâбϴ˹
˿ֲĵâȥӣֱһٰ˲ǵâǲȥģЩϸСĵҵϣʱһһֵģоͷ˿Ѿվ
ٰ˲ոȥŲûվȣźƳֳ׳âŵҲһٰ˲ʩչֱһż⣬Ʈ˳ȥ
Ʈɳȥͬʱ˲յ֮УȻ˫ͬʱջһϵҵǰ
߸ո˼ǵâ˹ֻһž죬â׼Ŵݻϡ
ұջֶΣ˼޴Ļ򣬳âȻײ˹ȥǺ¡¡죬âųʧ
ֻǲҴϢһźƳһ⣬һҵһ࣬ɭɭĿҵ뿪˸Ƽˣ㲢ûʲôôʢҪĴۣڿɺô
תǸݵźƳɫһ˵ŵģ˵⻰ǲЩΪʱˣ㻹ûнҸſ£Ϊ޷߳ôţɱ㣿
Ϸղ㾡ȫâԼϣðͬھΣգҲҪأڻл뿪Ļ𣿡
˵ţźƳͻȻſ֣ĴͻȻâһβûгҴǵâķȣγһԲʮ׵ԲȦҺͺźƳм䡣
֪ʲô˼ϼһһУֱˡ
еˣһΣһûдߡ
ʵӵĻ϶Ҳûκΰ취ƾڵΪٰ˲ֶΣ϶׷ϵġ
޷ˡ
һֱأаٳЩֶΣżҵҲʶˣϷ㣬ɸҽϷһƣϷӲӲĹϼУźƳ˿Щ˵
֪ƿֲҲΪ̵зţ϶һֱסңüңȥӲһơ
Уʢ׳嶯鲻ƽϺɡ
һӦ
Ȼһһܲסˣ˵⻰ʱҵĺö֮ı㳹ױ˳
ĿźƳܿðҾżҵơ
ҴӦźƳϵļ΢΢鶯˼£ȻʮּģּƵóѵĸо֮εϲ֮ɫ
Ȼ϶ֵĲԣҲȫҿС
Сӣмֵɫǵ񽭺֮ϴټͷϷЩˡźƳʼƨ
Ǵ˵еЦصȿһ٣Ȼͱһ
ʵҴӦƥҲûκ̣ȥ
ΪʩչƸҵĴ֮ͬԴһΣܺˮʥ̵է³ʱһ׺ɱէ³һҵϣҵĴɣѾ֮ǰˣԴһһ֮ôʱ䣬һֱûô⣬ѾĵĲˡ
źƳҶƴһƣҶʱ⣬ʵҿôȥϵģղǼâŪһȦâǻƣֹܣҲ˲١
Ҵ˿̵ΪӦܹסźƳһơ
뵽ҳźƳ΢΢һЦ˵ڿʼɣһһġ
ڴʱվȦĳͻȻҴСŸ磬ǧӲƣġҪƥĵ
˵ţҪ߳ǵӸһղźƳõ׷ʱ򣬶ʱ㷢һžı죬


2496 Ȼƭ
ӣҪģҿ϶µġתͷ˳
ʱƥͻȻӶ˫֣һ⳯ӭײ˹
̧ͷȥʱ򣬱㿴ƥѾҵǰ˫֮ݺᡣ
û뵽϶Ȼ޵ߣСү˵ҪһУȴҸ˵ʱ͵Ϯҡ
ãһֱƥҵʱæ±Ҳ˫ƣǴƺƵٴ߶Ҵ󴦵ĶתǬƣƥõ׷һ֮ңʱұӳ˫ƣӲĽһơ
ԣֻһɿֲӭײ˹һһѪţһ飬ξΡ
Ȼеƶ֮пٵӶȥ
ʱҵĴҲٵķãʼռƥղɵ׵⣬ŵۡ
˫ײһ˲ཀྵӵʱ䣬ҽµĵ㱻ҵ˫̤ӡ
Ȼҷһƺߵ˳ȥƥȻҲû׬ʲôˣͬҲһƺߣ˳ȥ
϶ղŲ׷Ȼײ˹ȥٴλҸղŴƵľͷûйȥ׷̺֮⣬Ҳͨҵ壬⻯⣬̺˵֮С
һ׷ʱҵգ򱻵ĺʧȥ֪һû
꣬ǸͰڶЩˣӲƥһƣȻоûܵʲôˣǱģζĲܡ
һֱµģ죬ߺҲкܶ
СŸ硭һϤԼд˹Ȼұ㿴һϤӰ߱˹һҪҴӵϸһҵ壬㱻Ϲĵ˵ˣȻȥ
գ۾ſǰǳ졣
ѾŵĻʧɫкᣬЩ޴롣
ֹƬ̣ڻһԼƵ£˵У֪ΪΣΪҵģ޵滨һ㣬ͻȻðһҪ׽Ūһ뷨
£װһ˴ģڵϣųѵȥӡҡѾˡ
СŸ硭㲻Ҫ˵ˡҪ˵ˡҲãҲΪǳ¼Ѱġһץסҵ֣Ȼ뻳С
һϮʱˬʱһ
治֪ôģʮݣؿڴȷǲͬѰĴ˯һ֪Ǹʲôо
װҪҵģӡСŸ硭һȥˡҪúõġչԼ
ʱ򣬳Ѿ޳һˣͻȻֳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫһѽϵ˳ȻȻ˵СŸ硭˵ҪһҪһˣڹŹشһ
˵ţƱҪĨ˲ӣﻹװǻƣһץסӣæŲ˵𡭡ӡղҸأɱ涯ְ
쿴ƤЦģ޺޵ĳؿڴһȭʱϲȭϵĳؿڴ㾹ȻƭҡղˣԺ㡭
һץסķȭ΢΢һЦŴӵվ
ʱתͷٴγźƳȥҲӵɫ࣬һɭĿңŵ顣
ôܡҵƣ㾹Ȼû֮£ûܹܵϷһƵġźƳ
ƥģϢĸʹһɫһվԶһ
Ȼ֪ҽʲôǿ˿ģҲʮ˳һξ롣
Ǳ߸ովұװһ˺صӣ΢΢һΣȻһѪ
ʵһ¶ûУֻӻ΢΢Щ飬ղ³һѪҲֻҧ⣬ڿͣƬ̣˳
֮ⷬٴγźƳȥҵѾʼЩɲˡ
Ҳ㲻ҵʲôһ
³Ѫ֮һٴοźƳ˵ŵġһѾɱңܸ˰ɣȥ¼ҿͷһ㲻
źƳҿ˺һͻȻٺһЦ˵СӣղϷ˵ˣҼУֻǽһжѡ


2497 һ·
Ȼûô˽ᡣ
֮Ҫһźá
ղ֮װ˻ǿվԭ򣬱Ҫ̽һźƳ
ҸղŸƴһ֮ɶ¶ûУźƳ㱰޳֮ˣ϶ȷȻ͵͵ڱ°ˣС
װ˵֮źƳΪ֮ӲŲ£ֻһƣұᶪʱװǻƣŻ
źƳ˾Źᣬ˵ٽ޳ܵĻ
ն񣬱թȻˣֱӱ˳ˮۡ
ұһЩֵ̿ģ˵ŵģòҪһ۸ҸղѾһƣ㾹ȻҪôߣ
СӣϷ켣ʮ꣬߹·߹Ŷ࣬㻹̫һղѾһƸˣװǻƵƭϷ㽫żҸģ뿪㣡
˵ţźƳٴһΣ˹ҸղҲϸ۲һźƳƥǻѪȻ˲̫أ϶ҲˣΪҿ϶ǲΪҿ϶Զʤ౶ϾôõΪ
źƳٴλ˫ƣҵǱ㵴һ˿΢Ц
΢ЦѾʼЩˡ
үģСүȵľһС
źƳ˫֮ٴ̺⣬ֻǱȸղһ˲٣Я֮ƣ˶
Ҳٴλ˫ƣǴƺƵĻƷ
һθһȫһˡ
ʮʮ֮⣬Ƶֶα֮ղŸͣΪڸոգôɵƥҵ⣬˿̷ɹȥƥ϶ǳܲס
˲䣬˵ٴײһ𣬷һը졣

һҽ𣬸ҶƴźƳ˳ȥʮԶ
֮ϱǵð̡
Ա֮ʩ
ѾģǴŪôȫ㡣
ϼһΪϾڵأԲһűĵҪ
ովʱұ߶һ׹˺ϴ辭
˫΢΢ſֲ֮Ϊģ˷ٵ˹ȥ
ľήʯѣһʩչѸޱȣܹһС
ոźƳڿǰĿֲ֮ӶʱɵԲǾֵĳ߿һۣȻתҪȥ
ֻСӸղųһ򿪣˲ᣬسɴֶǲˡ
һתûܳȥһ֣һץʱһɿֲƥ˹ȥ
ƥƬ̣΢΢ζԾ޷ֵס˺ϴ辭֮һȻٵı˹
ڱʱǼһﻹڰ;֮תңޱȵ˵Ҫʲô㲻㲻ɱҡ
˵䣬ֻٴ֮ǣֻһ£ץסƥĲӣҵв
ղšղ㶼װġ˺ϴ辭֮£źƳʵ
ǰҾװģΪ̽㣬û뵽㻹ǲ֪ڸģҾֻܶ㲻ˡҺٺЦ
û뵽һΪֻһıļһû뵽ĻôźƳֵ
û취Ȼ콭ʱûж꣬Ǳ˿˺ܶΣҲ˺ۣܶרΪ˶ԸϺġ
û뵽źƳݺһƾڽ֮ϴټͷȴһëͷССźƳ£һжѾ޼¡
˺ϴ辭Ŀ֮£һΪȫᱻƵΪԶǿҵ˲а취ѣ˵˵֮£Ǿ͸ӵѲˡ
ʵһֱһ뷨ǽźƳһΪΪУϼһһٶ꣬ΪȷɱʮֿϧΪեɲõ顣
ҪɱʵҲףֻʩչһз죬СӸûκء
Ϊ϶磬˵ˡ
źƳΪԴԴϵĴﵽҵ֮УһʼҪصֻϧӶûмֵԴԴϵ㱻Ҹȡ˳
ڸܵԼٵʧʮֲֿģźƳǿƬ̣˼ӲһΪҸɵˣʱʼĵҰɡҴˡһ·òá


2498 㲻
źƳڸ̺ܵĴֲ֮ڿʼˣǲˣڸܵԼڵٵʧ֮£Ҳ޷סֽӽĿ־塣
һֻץסźƳĲӣ˵ŵģץסҵĲӣ᲻һ·أ
Ҵˡĳ˲ԡҴӦ֮ǰ¼ҿͷԺȻҲðүĻżҶԾүͳ¼һðȻ׺䣬żҲӾϷѾ˶ģ¾үҵĻ˰ɡү飬һɡʱźƳѾױݻ٣Ҳû˰ְĵ
ʱ䣬о˺ϴ辭ɵƥٰ˳ϵΪټȥƥҪ;ƿݣС
ҿҪҪͣʱͻȻ䣬ǵкӵͭλƵĳ
һղűˣӱ˺ϴ辭סˣҪǰæ
һԶĳҲ˳׼ǰ
ڴʱźƳͻȻͷǵк͵ļһ˵ڶɿ㲻Ķ֣ûģ
ǵк͵ļһŲɲͣͭĵĳҼб۾ˣȻڳһֻ֣һץǵк͵ļһʱһƺߣûκ谭ֱӳƮɶһ֣ץסĲӡ
˺ϴ辭ʱһתƵкϣʼԴԴϵĴϳȡ
ֻкΪȷǲզأ֮£Ҳû̺ϣоЩ˷ѡ
ʱźƳ͸ӻˣǴſǻүүˣְɡżҳ׷ˡǰɡ
źƳǳ׵ķˣɱ˲ͷأҲ̫ԺҲá
˫һ˺ϴ辭һѽ˸˳ȥ
źƳǵк͵Ķڣ׷˵ڵأֹ
źƳڵΪҾֻһ㣬ԺҪԸңҲû˱ǮǵкҲһΪǸСһɡ
˸ո˵ڵأźƳŹ˵ϣлүлү
ûᣬƬ֮󣬱㿴һŻٵĳ߿ҶһǶʦֻˣѪ֮лһˣźƳĵڶӣҶ֪֣ӡ°ʹһƲɽ
һһƬǱʦֵ˵ˣϻɢһصζ֮ǰʦ˵ˣֻǿģɽҲᣬ°ʹɽûˡ
ʦҡͷԵҵߣɽ˵ϣһȫˡ
ڵϵɽϢ˺һŴӵģʮǱȻЩ̫б۾ңЩԹһʼҿͷ㲻̫˳ۣҾһֻĶǣһڡ
Խ㣬Խǰգű㳯˹ȥĸӣϼһҲʾǰԹҡ
žһ죬һƾ˦˹ȥ
㲻ҿɽ߶ʱֳָӡ
ɽ˵ǰ㿴ңȻ䣬ϵɱȫչ˳γһɾ޴ѹɽѹȥ
ҵΪҪԶʤɽ֪ٱҽֲϢȫչֳʱɽԵһ֮еԹ֮ɫܿתĿ־塣
ͺһֻͻվһֻɽǰǿ׳ɽҲòͷȥ
֮䣬ɽ㲻ڸҶˣæͷȥ
үɽ˵
Ҳٴ£˻Ϣתͷһĳ죬˵ӣǿˡ
ʱ쿴ҵЩ㶣Һһ֮Ȼ޷Ӧ
Ƭ̣׹Ѿˡ
ӱ첽ߵҵߣҵΪӣЩУů⣬ܹҳڻ
һ仰Ҳû˵ֻ֣һץסҵ֡
ų죬ʯżһƬǽԺӣſڵķȥ
ûͻȻһ飬ͷźƳ˵ŵģһżҵ㣬ҲͷҾһżҡ


2499 
żұڳģżеĸֻ϶Ҹһ飬̫үҲҸɵ˾ųϵΪ˿϶ܹҲһˡ
Ϊ󲿷ֶ뵽ҵ֮С
żԺ϶Ҳֲʲô۶ˣҪݳ¼ҿ⣬ҲûǸʱ
˻һ˵꣬źƳϹϾ˵үġϷ㵽żҵл
Դˣұ㲻ٶᣬֱӱųС֣ʦǬ˱֮У̤żҵķ뿪
ûĿһתͻȻվڽɪɪСȫҸղŵƸɵˣҵĿɨֱӵԴҿңӶʮ
Ҹ
һŵȶһûڵϡ
ˣӲ˵飡ٴγ
ҲӣֱӴŰűҵߣͨһ˵ϣĵүҴˣҲˣҲõ¼ңøүŮˣ飬ҹۿ˵͡
˵ţҿԼԼĶӣǽһࡣ
ֱ߹ȥһץס͹ͷ˵СӣҸղ˵ˣδޣҪһ˵öҵĳŵ
ţҶ˵ҿĲŴʮ⡣
ɿֵʱѾѪ³һشѪݡ
·ϲ˲Ѫ˹ȥ
СӣֻǵңҲˣ㻹۸ֵܵŮˣⲻ̡
·ϣұһֱоСЩڻ΢΢ķߵſڵʱ򣬳ͻȻͿңҵı۰֮ϡ
ôˣʵ
СŸ磬ղŲ֪жôģ溦㱻żҵ˴ˡ춯Ŀҵ
ɵѾͷ켣ô꣬ʲôɫûмҪûмˢӣҲȡ衣΢Ц˵
˵Щɻ˵ˣСŸ磬ʲôʱôǿˣһҼʱΪûдﵽ̶ֳȣô̵ʱ䣬ôģ
һס˳ļЦ˵ղѵûпԸźƳƥһУŹ˺ϴ辭洫ɱ˵ΪתƵԼϣʱ䣬˺ֵܶΪΪŻͻͽ
ԭ˼˵
ҺͳżŤŤſڣſڵ˾ǳɵñһС㡭ôͳˡܹСʱҲ̫ˡ
ʣǻؼҰɡӵ
˾Ӧһæ˳ţҺӱ˺֮ϡ
ͨһΣҸо쿴ҵ񶼸ǰ̫һˣ飬һַĵ㺺ͰĽ
˺֮һѽ˻У˵ӣżҾԲκζǲˣѾʰķٸʲôСԺݾͲżˡ
СŸ硭лл㣬Ҫ㣬Ҳ֪ôˡ쿴ңۿͻȻֺ
Ц˵лʲôǱǷޣһʲôлġ
һ˵ķȭٴҵؿڣһӵ˵Ϲ˵ֻûһƲأȢ˵
ͻȻûɵЩ뵽ҵĵˡ
˰Ļ֮⣬Ԭˮʥ̵է³ÿһǿС
֮⣬ڰĵˣ³ܣХ챻ҸɱˣǰȴһֱڼǺңؼǲʲôаҲûа취նݳ϶ձ廹ϾֵĴУٷɱá
һҵ˻ᣬ϶ὫأֱЩаҪ
쿴ɫͻȻȻʵôСŸ磿㲻˰ɣ
ջ룬΢΢һЦ㷢˵ûУôܻˣûˣźƳİΪ඼ҸɸɾˣΪҪ࣬õҡ
ǾͺáЩĵĿһ۵
Ӻܿ㵽˳¼ңҺͳո³Ǳ߳¼Ѿʼ׼緹¼ҵүӳ໹֪ʲô飬ҺͳкȥԾƣ˵׼һòˡ
߸ո׼ԵʱǱ߳¼ҵ˱˵żҵˡ


2500 ͷ
үһ˵żҵˣʱһеľƺ˵ϣЩյ˵żҵ̫ҶҪΪҳ¼ˣǲɣ
˵ţ㿴ҺͳСҸط㣬żҵ˲ὫôģϷȥǡ
үӣ𼤶żѰģǸ˼ҿͷġҵ
һ㶣Ȼ⡭ôܣżҵݳһŰ裬δǶ˭͹ͷҪˣҲҶ
үүСŸ˵ûżǹǸġ쿴һۣЦӯӯ˵
ղǸŵ˵үżҵ˻ڴſڵأҪҪǽ
ЩүЩˣЩŽɵĿһۣžǽɡ
ʱźƳڼ˵Ĳ֮£żʮˣˣ໥ߵǳԷĵط
һǣźƳżҵˡͨһǰ
ϵܣϷǴżҵˣǳ¼Ǹģ۴ӳʵһʱ嶯˴ҪǾү⣬Ϸ򻹲֪Ϸͷˡ
˵ţźƳųſ˼ͷźƳЩˣҲƲĳųͷֹ
⡭⡭⵽ôһ¶Щ±ˡ
үүһ磬СŸȥżңżҵ˸ˣǵķӡߵ˳үӵߣС˵
ʱĿңһ˵ӡллˡҪȻǳ¼ҵڶ֪ʲôʱܹ
үӿˣǶһˣ֮Ͷѣعһҿ
üǿżҵû̫࣬첽ߵźƳߣŭźƳϴȥ㣬Ϊβ̬ȣγ˿֪ҵҳ¼ǸҶڲ֮£Դδô㣿
źƳһɬ˵ϵܣŪֵزҲĳ뿴ģҲһʱ嶯ۺҶҲүˣòȥ֮ĶԹҲ˰ɣ
źƳ˵ͷһǣүӵ˵ͷʾźƳղ˵Ķġ
ͬʱֳ߿һۣޱȵ𾪣϶ƣƾһˣܹż£ССȫˣǼ̫үԹͷж͡
һ˵żҵҲǹҵġ
УһСӱҴϻűһľͣſڵϣԴ̧
ɫŭɫ˴룬źƳһ֣ʱ̧һӣȻǰˣҵͷһƲӲӵһӽǻǮ֪ж١
żҳֿǹµģ֤ǵĳˡ
ϵܡҶүҲżˣżҵһ⣬ϵЦɣԺųҺͺɡ
һ۾˰֣˵߰ɡ
źƳɴ⣬æҾϿҵлϵܿл
˵ţźƳֳһֵ֣лүˡ
ţźƳżҵ˻뿪
ֵزѾõĽˣ̾Ϣһңߵҵߣһأ֣ص˵ӡǳ¼ҵ㣬Ҵǳ¼ллˡ
æ߹ȥһ˳үӣϻ̳Ͽֵ˵үӲؿҺǶĹʽ¼ѣҹæҲӦõģߣ֮ǰҲȹҵ
úúá˵ˣԷԺǳ¼ҵĹ͡
˵ţүӱк
ʱҾ룬żȻǷˣӵĸ׳һߣ˿϶ҪȻģҲ֪ӸҰǼˡ
ʱҵֻͻȻһǽӴġ
˵ܲٲܲٱ㵽һϲͨ˵绰æϽˣ
̾Ϣһүˣһ鷳ڴ³أҲҵҩ֣С˵ҪǸתѾԤˣôСձ
һæҪֻһתô


2501 ڱص
ҩ϶ֵĸϡĲҩȷʵܶ࣬Ǿתݽһ꣬ҩʮ꿪ʮʮųһΣҳֻ֮һӣҪҪתݣֻܵȵʮԺˣʱƻ˶˰ɣƵ
в˵žתݾأʮ֮ûˣ磬ٸҩ̸̸СձʲôǮǷؽתǣˡЩе˵
ү飬Ͻʲôʱ򺬺˵Ҷ˵ˣ˵һǷļǮҶ϶˳ҩǼһҵˣ˵ҪţҲҪи󵽣ЩСձͱ죬ͽǾתݸԤ¶Ҳǵùߵġʮε˵
Ҹ˵һԵĳ쿴üͷСŸ磬ôˣ
һͷһ۳죬οû¶ȴ绰һ˵
˵ţұվ¼ҵ˴ǣԺ
ǳ֪̫⣬סѹһ˺úõڳԷ¶ֵĺܲ졣
Ժ֮ұӵ֮ǰ˵ڸҩһֱҽӴʱͦô˵ҩ˿϶˽⣬㣬ҩ˵ΪΣƽʱ̰ô
ӳһ£һŵүôһѣһǾЩ֣Ҷҩ˵˽⣬аһ˵Ѫݣʬ嵱ϣĻҩĲʮ֮ãҪ˵̰ôһ϶Ҳ̰ÿθ⣬ҪۺܸߣԿ϶ЩˣҶ۸СӾȻüëգһ£һھ͸ؾˡ
ϸĥһ£ȻȻҩô̰ƣ㷭ļ۸˵תݵ⣬ҩֵﲻģ֮ǰŵǵ飬ҷڣҪȻܻɱ֮أ
ӳ˺һɫүʮе֮ǰҲʹ϶ⲦСձʲô·ȻΪǣڣڿҪֵĴˣǣ϶ûкùӳԣһΣҪֺӲɿڣҲ͸©Сձʲô·Ѱ찡үʧˣҸˡ
磬ô˵ôϽˣҵ϶ǾˣôŰɣȴ˻ڣҹȥҩ֣ʲôҿ˵
үҪȻɣ϶죬Ŷˣ϶ƢŹֵĺܣİһǲġӵ
ˣǻСձʲôʱҩֽ׾תݣʵ
϶˵ҿֵĸţһǻСձˣҿǰ֪ͨүֵ
У¶ұԹȥתڱصãžأЩСձˣߵ˿϶ͦסҵ
үҶһ䣬ȵ˭ôǾһɣСʵ
ǣδ̩ɽҵ
ȥү԰һֱ©ˮģƾðһ̩ɽ¶ȷǹصģǾתѾ˳ȥܲɣӲ޵ǵ˵
ʵڲоֻˣҲûа취顣ҵ
үҪŵô˵˼Ҳˣһ֣ʾף¶ִˣɶסѵ
¶Ͳùˣзִ磬һȥ³ϣҸַܵˣ˸ҶţǾתݱǻСձˣһҲҪȥ֣ص
үܷģڶڽǳģһֻӶӲǵļطΧӱ֤
ˣһͳҶŵҵ
˵ţұҪҵ绰ͻȻֵүһ飬ұȽϺ棬ֱʡ
˵ҵ
֪ү̩ɽǺҲӺ
ݳĴ˳¼ҡҵ
ȥҿ˵ݵĳ¼ҺżҸˣ¼ҵĳżҵ˴˸Ǿү̩ɽɣӼ
ǣҲ֮ǰհżҸˣżҵ˿ͷ뿪
үţȣţҽӷˣߵܷġ˵ţӱҵ˵绰
˵绰֮һתȥһȥ֮˶ѾԵĲˣҸкһ㽫˳


2502 ҩ
ɫЩ̫ã߳Ժ֮󣬽űСŸ磬ǲǳʲô飿ܽӣżҵʱ򣬶ûпôš
ҿһ۳죬һǳһ飬˵㲻Ҫżҿ϶취ġ
ɫҲ΢΢һ˵ͷҲܹ³ʲôˡ
ģ֮ǰȥǾתݣһЩ鷳ҩֵһתѾһ˸ԤˣǴձˣҲûиԷʲô·ܼҸҩļǮֶת֣ԣҴȥ³һˣҩ̸һ̸ʵڲУҲֻˡҵ
СŸ硭Ϊǳ¼ҵ飬Ѿ˲ۣҿͲٲˣȥҩֵ飬Լɣǳ¼ҲǽңҵĶ࣬ǮҲǲȱġ
һץסС֣ȰӣⲻǮܽ⣬ǮܹĻһжˣ¶ҹſ϶򵥣ŪҪһܣǻСձȻ
Ҿ͸ҪȥˣԼȥҿ϶ġӻ˻ҵ֣һ˫۾ңͷһ
ѾģҪҪôǣ̸¶ء
һұҲգһҲУھҪҹζ࣬ǾתݱЩ˸ǰŪˡ
ðСŸһЩȥʰһ¶˵ţתԼסķ첽ȥˡ
ʱ㻻һͷһĺɫװʮʵԳµġ
ǷˣֻҪ˳ĺÿǴʲôÿǰӣһҲ֮ɫ
һ뵽·ϸһ椸һ·ǰУǺġ
˸¼ҵ˸ǣȻҵͣڳ¼ſڲԶĳӣֱӳ³ؽķ
һ·֮ϣҺӵļʻܺãٶȿҲܿ졣
ˣʻ˲һһҹֱڶʮ֣ǲ˸ԼõǸط
ӴĵطһʮƫƧĴ䣬ܹҲûж˼ҡ
ҵĳӸһڣ˹ӦǣҺͳ˴мһ֮С
ܿ죬Һͳ˽ӣһ֣˵þòүˡ
˵ţһʮӵ
Ȼ󣬽ӵĿųԵĳ˹ȥʱǰһǱò޵ˣݺݵһĭ֮󣬲ſҵүλǣ
ԣδϱֱ˵
һۣ糺죬ͷȥ
ӹһЦæүøôÿʵ̫ˣȵЩʲôҪÿˡ
˵ţӱſ˻ЦǺǵ˵ɩμ棬ǣӵһ°ɣ
˵Żſ˻ų˹ȥһѾͳסĸ첲û˵ӣҵŮ˶ͦʰ
ٺ١ЦЦү۲ǵһκ;ɩôҪǻһ˵ţҵĸ첲ȥ
ҽ֮󣬶ʱһ꣬źüˣϰ˺üʾȫǼػ档
ϽɶأŪĸ007Ƶġҵ
үѾҩȸװ˼ʮ΢ͷҩסĵطȫλǵȫʲô紵ݶ֪ϢӺٺЦ
ȥһΪ˹ȥءҵ
үⶼʲôˣ˹ȥңΪҩǸɵӲɣ˼ΪҲֻֻͣݣڽ֮ҲһҪȻƾֵЩͲ֪˸ˡӺٺЦ
ԭҲ߿Ƽģû뵽ҲЦ˵
ɨһȦǼػ棬֪һһüһҩסĵطСЩطоֲ˵ϴһ
Ͻҩֵҩеĵطܼصôʵ
Щ˼һЦ˵УղŸ㴵ţأܼصҲֻҩĻͼزˣҩ־סһɽ֮У滹кܶɽȥʱҲͳȥ˻ϿһĲǸ㴵ֻҪ˿ҩȣ߿϶֪ȺСձҪˣȻӲǵķۡ
ҵ˵ͷԽʾûʲô


2503 Ӳ
£ҡҡͷ˵һжû˿ҩֵҩȡ
һ£ֵүʲô㣿
ȥҩ֡ҳ
үҾȥ϶ҲûϷ˵Ҷҩ˵ˣϼһβϽǾתתǣҩ֮Уܲж»õĶݶضǣҲû취ҩ˺ȥǾתݣһǿСһŭ֮£ٽǾתݸˣǵ鷳͸ˡֵ
һȥ԰ɣһأ׼ɡҵ
ү˵ʵڵģҪڳԺڣǾ͵ǻСձˣһҩȳǾһ£ЩСձΧˣƾžүֶΣټڵЩСձ϶ǲģֻǾתݣҲɱˣʱЩСձ鷳ҲҲͷϣӽһЦ
Ϻ꣬϶ûٸɣѩǲҲôɣһЦ˵
үĺĺʱǲǲϤôҰ˸ԣҲڵ˸ŸɡӺ
Ҹ㿪Цѣ𼤶أǻСĽһЩĺãЩСձҩｫתݴ˳ҲҪ׵֣ȻҪ˵·ûкԮʲôģСձȽϴһѩˣҵ
ǰôСձǹݵģһֱһȫװߣһȫͻͻˣ¶һ޵ŭ
һȥҩ֣һ¾ĵַҵ
ӿң˵үҪȻһһȥɣҩƢȽϹŹ֣Ѱһǲġ
ãҺһȥáа취ҩ֡ҵ
үҩӲİɣЩĵ˵
Ҳ˵ɡҵ
үŵҩҲǺöԸˣϾҩĳء
֪ˡ
ţӱ˵һطȻұǱ˽ӣų쳯ҩȵķȥ
ҩʵŽפĵطԶ಻ʮ·νҩȱһƬɽҰеϿȣֲïܣдУһСʱҺͳҩȵĸء
ҩȵĴžһɽɽĶǶȹӵͭʵĴţ⼣߰ߣ֪ˣڴŵҲкܶïֲܵȴŽİ
Һͳſڣ˴˶һۣȻұ˵³ظʬҩȵҩ֣һ
һһЩֶεģ峺ɽ֮лصϢ
һ䣬ͻȻ䣬Źֵ㷢ˣֲͭܵͻȻ趯һǻһҺͳϯ
Щֲԭźƽɽ죬һ趯ʱ˺ܶ൹̣ɫҲʺѪһֲо綾ġ
ҩֲֵ֣ЩаţҪһĽࡣ
㾰ҵ΢΢һЦԸֲеǰ취ʱ߶ԦľͲľ֮Щԭֲ̽ԦľĿ֮£ʱ˻ȥָԭģʵʵĴ
ҽּ˵³ظʬҩҩ֣һ
һΣּһЩɽ֮سײͭŶѾʼ졣
ʱɽ֮е˹ЩסˣƬ֮洫ӯĽŲͭŷһƵĺ죬򿪣Ȼ߳һʮ߰Щƣһɸ֮߰ɨҺͳһۣĿڳ϶Ƭ̣΢΢ǱÿŮӸһ¡
û˵˭ҩʲô
һ֣˵³ظʬǰݻҩ֣λСͨһ
û˵ҩûʦǲģ߰ɡ˵ţͭź棬Ҫš
ǰһֵסͭţЦ˵ҴԶĹ˼ǧ·һ仰һȥǲЩ̫ͨˣС磬ͷͨһ˵ʦԸء
˵˲Ͳ㻹Ӳô֪Ķ


2504 岽ɢ
Сүö˶˵ĸС˵ûСӾȻ˿ǲ֪ĶұЩˣүģСү켣ô꣬ĶսȻ˵£ǽϵ߼涼ҪҼֱģҪôүҪôСŸ磬ٲҲ΢΢ףϵ黹еģСǲ֪Ķҵʱ͹Ҳסˣ˵Сһ˭أ
أˣҩȣֲң˵˵߾ߵĵطҸղѾ˵ˣûʦǲκ˵ģٲͱˣЩݺݵĵһ۵
Сӣвأᣬأο㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ´ΣЩŭ
֪СȴЩЩ˵вأ˵Ҿͻ治㣬ҼĶˣһٲߣҲ㣬һŲţ
СӿڳԣʱҸЦˣɫͻȻһðһԣҿСʲô͡
˵䣬ұ㿿һ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻǰһҵĸ첲С˵СŸ磬˰ɣһӣ˵˵ģҩȵ˶֡
ôһ˵еĻʱѹȥ˲١
Ȼȴֵ˵λ壬˲զأߵλ㳤ĵǸˣЩ̫ʹһˡ
˵ţС޼ɵĳųɨȥССͣһɫߡ
ոϨŭ𣬶ʱֱСȼˣʱû˵Сӣ۾أϽȥʦ˵һҡ
ʲôʦ㣬㣡곰һҪͭš
ۿͭžҪϵʱҵĻЩѹסˣһ֣һƳ֮ͭ˹ȥ
ͭŷһɽ죬ʱĳ󿪣ǸղŹŵ꣬ķɳȥ˺üԶ
ģղȫСҪɡ
ӵʱŭ쳣ĿͽҩҰȻұ㽫ɱˣҩﵱʰɣ
˵ţһ֣ϳһһ£һը죬㳯ҳ
վԭһδϵʱҲһѽץУһסҶʱĴһɴʹһ㣬æɿ֣
ͷһĴһǱʲôҧһڣʱ׹жһǾ綾
үģû뵽һСӣ˼Ҳ˴Ȼֽš
ֻһ飬Ƕر˳ֱϴȥ
ʱ򣬱㲻ɫĴ߶˴ƣʱڵ⼤˶ֱعȦֱӽظֽˡ
겢֪ҴʱĶʮֵ˵λ壬ж˰ңȻλСһڣұⶾΣ
СŸ硭쿴ɫ䣬ǰһץסҵĸ첲̯ҵȥȻô̺⽫ǶˣǶȴûȫ⣬˿ĴѾȫˣʱŵĳ۾Բˣ¿λСֵܣǲԣղҲðֻһҩ֣Ȼ˼Ҳϼǣ뿪ˣλСֵ飬Ѷ˰ɡ
ǹңûиʲô㿪ʼ顣
ȴ֪˵ⶾѾ⿪ˣûн⿪ҲȥȥһëͷСӡ
ȻɲٺһЦ۾޼ɵڳϴЦ˵ղ˵ˣֻҪϹģȻλƯСٹһڣұⶾʵ˵ɣٱϵĶ岽ɢǾ綾ΪٸߵҲŲסӣ֮󣬶ģڽӣ٢ҲȲ
Сֵܡȸⶾ˵ô㿪ۣҿԸǮӼ
ʱһץס˳ĸ첲Ц˵ӣ㲻õңСˣһëûСӣȻҵŮˣҲĵ趼ϲ
˵ţһ֣ԾȻƱҪɱȥ
Ҫ֣һסңСŸ磬㲻Ҫˣ
԰λ壬ʵһֻҪһⶾҺɢĸ죬пӲѾҵˡ


2505 ֹ׷
ŵбһ󣬻СĲ֪˭Ҳ֪Щ飬֪ĻҲǰš
Сûʲôľ֮ܶѡ
СôҸˣҵϷӣҪǲʰһ٣治֪ߵغ
ʱѾŭģҲסһƿߵĳ죬еĽһɨǧ㳯˹ȥ
Ϊ岽ɢҸ֣ͻȻѣĶǺܿ죬һֱӶǺصͭź档
ۡһ죬֮ͭ϶ʱһĺۼֱӴһ󶴳
һ֮תͭſһۣʱҲˣĴƤȻҩȵĴŪˣʦ֪˿϶ҪңҾֻҪ⣡
˵ţٴλеٱޣһը죬ϳеĽ곯ٱһףʱʩչ˽ߵʽʱǧӰٱȥ
ٱһķҲסڣʱ꿳һһصģһء
ʩչһ֮һΣһٰ˲㳯˹ȥһƣֱӳؿȥʱʧɫӲһƣһʼֵʱӦþܹоΪܹǵġ
Ŷأһ㳯Ŵ첽ȥ
붼û룬ұ׷ȥ
СŸ硭㲻ֵܸģСĶѪģ󾪺
֮ǰұӸ˵ҩأҩضǣԵȥʱ̱Ż˽Ųİ㡣
ǰŸս׷ҵЩ˵СŸ硭㲻Ҫˣûʱ죬̧ͷһű㿴վڲԶһʯ̨֮ϵ꣬ٱޣһĹֳһأ˿һķһһԼķ滹ι˾綾
㡭ҵ岽ɢôڻܻţôģ꿪ʼЩҵ
Сӣ岽ɢСүƨǣøӹͷұ֤㣡ŭ
ã֣е͹׷ңҪ׷ңҪɱҪУϤ㣬ûǸӣ˵ţСһӸ̨֮ȥûӰ֪ӵʲôطȥˡ
ҸҪ׷ٴסҵСŸ硭ղŲ岽ɢôôһ¶ûУ
岽ɢĶѾˣ⣬ѰĶת㱻⣬㲻õģСӣ̫۸ˣ߽ô꣬ûܹҵ
ʱųһοҵСŸ磬㶼ôһˣСӼƽʲôղžڼŭ㣬ҩ϶գȥ׷϶ҪȦף˳ȥӳ飬¶ż
ҿСҲСˣʮ߰꣬ôСôţԺǻ˵ã۸˶۸ͷˣұúýѵӣˣҴһ⡣˵ţһס˳֣һԾǸ̨
죬ƺҪ˵ЩʲôһҲû˵֪ҵƢҪʲôûֹܹˣԱ㲻
վڸ̨֮ϣҳһɽ֮ймһڹЩֵĻݲݣѰûмġ
ɨһ֮Ҳûзʲôر֮ܰȫӣǱųȥಽĳǰ˹ȥ
·ĻݲݳأɢζҲƢ
֪ģұʹڣĺ㰡
˴Լʮʱ򣬸ߵĳͻȻЩֱӿҵϣתͷôˣ
СŸ硭ߵĻ⣬ɢζжһǾˡЩε˵
ΪȳһЩԵʣûио̫쳣ǰ·ЩԾˣǾЩƮƮģǲ޻һ
ʱ꼥ٴδ˹ٺЦ֪ߵغĶҩҲĵطôǵʰʦô꣬ǵһδҩȵˡ
ǶûзʱͻȻһ飬ѦСһ޹ǣ޹ܽٶǶлɢĶЧ£ұ㲻ɫĽǿ޹Ǹڳ棬һ¡


2506 ֮
ҸʹɫȻ֪ʲôҲ˵ȥˣǲܺġ
ñ£۾ʱһ޹ǽⶾĹЧʮ棬ͼӰ
Ҳ޹ǷҵıڣʱǹĸоȻ޴档
ʹѾָȴֳܱ߳죬ķȥװ˵СӣȻ˦Щıƣ־ͳҴһöʲôӢۺú
ǳЦֻçŻֻ֪ƴ콭Ҫӵģʦ˵ˣһ£ûҲãûӵģһΪأҩȵĴŸմѾ˴ſڣ滹壬Ҫ׷ңƾоҲ
˵ţСٴηЦ
Ұһ³죬գգ۾ѩ֮ˣܿҵ⣬ʮ˵СŸ硭ҲˡԴЩΡ
˵ţһֱӾ͵ҵĻ
Ҷݺݵĳڵλÿһۣд޳ܣȻųӣҲ˵ϡ
ȻҺͳеĶѾѦС߸ҵǿ޹Ǹˡ
ûǿ޹ǣŴүٶֵʣֶҲκβңҲЩͷĿѣѡ
֮ɾ裬ǡ
ǶҪζԵˣ϶ƵģǲңСӿ϶ҲӣССͣǸɫߣմӵıˣүģһ뵽Ҿ϶Ҫһ١
㣬Һͳ챧һ𣬶˵ϣͬʱҲϵϢҲԼƽͬʱ߶˰ٲϵֶΣϸĶ
Ƭ̣Ųſڵϣ۾΢΢һ϶
ʱ춼Ѿɽ棬ɽеƹ⣬ʮֻ谵Ӧÿʲô쳣
굹ʮ־裬˳֮߰׵ĵطͣٺЦǲ»봳ҩȣҲֻҩȵˣֻŮ˳ʮƯɱ˵ǿϧžͺˡ
һ˵ţͻȻһеٱޣǱԼ㳤࣬̽˹
Һͳ춼ſڵһˣС˾裬ȫû뵽ġ
Ҹղ岽ɢûйҵԵʣС֮ġ
꣬СӿǸʱԬǰһݶԬȣСӻһЩ
ۿٱԽԽһǵ壬Ҫ岽ɢĶ
ʱңұȡһоͽСӸ¡
뵽ҺܿӵϷȻһٰ˲㳯С˹ȥ
СһֱңҴӵϵʱͻȻ㷢һȻһеٱޣֱתܣܵٶȻĹʮġ
ұһ£Щηϵ岽ɢĲ˵һ£Ǻ۵ġ
ٱôһ飬ҵֶҪץˣͻȻһǰȥˣ˸ͲӰ
ʱҲӵһкұ㳯Сȥķ׷˹ȥ
ת˸֮ǰһƬĵֲֲҲҴûмģЩǰҼԺֵĶټܣһƬ쵽Զĵط
ҩȵĹŹ֮Ķ࣬ǴգҺͳߵʱ򣬲ⶼЩĵطè϶еģֻǲ֪ʲôط
£Ϊ˱ֱջ˼ϣҺͳܣǰͰһ㣬һЩʲôҲи
ǣųС֣㿪ʼǰߣƵǣ벻رԶҺͳʮӣ·ûеͷطֲһԹһ㣬Ǹ
ʱ򣬳Сĸ˵СŸ硭ղϸ۲һЩֲЩֲĵĶģ߹ĵطЩ㿪ʼϣϵĸıṹĻǻһֱ߲ȥ
˵ұͷȥϸ۲һ˵ǰ㣬Щֲȷʵĵϣı켣
ѾģԻ󣬵£ұϣֱӴ߶ԦľʼЩֲȫһ£ЩֲĴ߶֮£ܿǰһֱͨͷ·


2507 ɫ
ЩֲɢȻҾͿվڵ·ͷ꣬ҲʮףҶһŷЩֲܹ֮Ϣı켣ȫڰи
ҵԦľͲľ֮ȻҪ֪ٱͬʱʩչƲľȫǱѹһֿضûС
ʱǱҸŻˣһ𾪵Ŀҡ
岽ɢĶ𲻵κãղЩֵĻɢζҲԽԻִЩֲסңҲҸɵĻˡ
ˣʶԵˣ޷ǵġ
һ̣ڼȵ֮УٴתܣҲλãԼٶȴ߶ٰ˲׷ȥ
ֻһ㣬Ҷҩȵڲṹ·߲̫˽⣬ۿٴαץסʱͻȻһһɽ֮УȻһ޴ʯõסҵȥ·
һգƵĲС
ʱ򣬳ܿҲ׷ҵСŸ磬ýƻԼãǸҩҲǸöԸĽɫˣǽô죿
ҿǰºصʯǽƬ̣˳ģǽסңҩҪתݻûһɣͽҪأǸһýڣһҩֵʱҾл˵ˡ
˵ͷҵ飬ͻȻСŸ磬һֱһˣû˭ܹﵽңллҪʱߡ
ôͻȻ˵ҿ˳
ûʲôҾǾããҪȻҲ֪ôˡֻҪߣе鶼ӭж⣬ܵĴӢۡ쳯ӯӯһЦ绨
һһЦµе߶ƣǰǵʯص˹ȥһĹȥɽ΢΢ζʼϸʯͷɽ¡
ĳ˵ڶƣȻǵƣһ֮Ǻصʯűѿɢһء
ֻ˻ӣɢ̳ųɽȥ
вʱұ㿴ӴܵӰСӾڸأΪʯűסˡ
һΣҲСӸˣ£ҽٰ˲һ´߶˼£׵ľ룬ֻ˼ӵʱ׷꣬˫ȥ·
һɲͣҪתʱ򣬷ֳѾվ
ʱվŵĵطһЩصֲоЩտһĶǾԲտˡ
㾿ʲôѾˣʦģΪʲôһֱݣҩŪģЩ־˵
СӣѾҺʦˣ˵飬ҪأҵŮˣ˵ô㣿ҳ˵
ǻϽߣһʦˣһ߲ˣҸ㣬ҩȣֲκαˣ׺ݵ˵
Сӣҵȵľʦʦ֮ǰ˵Ҫú㡣˵ţһ֣ճؿץȥСҲǱҸƼˣ¶˵ٱ޴ϳ˳˦˹
ϴεľ飬֪ٱǲܴģֱӶٰ˲ܿٱޣƵ
ûЩ滨ΪʵΪһ㣬ҵҲûзӦֳȥĵʱ򣬶ͻȻһֵ졣
תͷȥʱ򣬷ЩտһĻݣȫԲƵĵĻ׼ߡ
СŸ硭СģͻȻǰĴһŻɫĻѸٵȼȻɫĻ棬Ʈɢȥ
Щ˰һЩ֮б׷׳ɫĶҺʮճЩɫĶҺûϣǱЩɫ죬ȫһɫȫɢ
һ飬Ҫߣʱֱý˵ϵһʯͷһӣһƺߣֱӹ˵ϣҽвֹ
ղеˣӴѪ߰ߣܲˡ
һ˹ȥһű㽫߷ڵأ˵СӣղŲǺôôˣ
ҵţʦȫɱˣȻǵʬʣˣ
л˦ֱӣҲѪŭСٸҶһ䣿


2508 򹷻Ҫ
֮СӶʱʵ˺ܶ࣬ͷȥҿҡ
ʦҩأҡҵ
ҡҲ֪ҳʱʦȥˣطܴҲ֪ʦȥ
ðȻʦСүͽҩȸˣҿ׳˵ţһץסӣҩȥҲ֪Ϊɶһ߶ʱ·ֵĹŹֲｫٴζ׼ңۿűҪٴɫĶ
ӵı˰ͻǵΧЩɫ̱֮б˰ȥǻճһ
ֻǵ·Ĺֻ̫ˣЩ䷳󽫽˳һн߹ȥ·໨еЩֻȫնˣȻһգʱ̹ࡣ
һ߳ӣһߴ󲽳ǰȥͬʱﻹҩ֣ˣϽһ棬ٲСүҪҩȷһѻˣɱСͽܡ
ȻҴһ·ǰ˺üףյҩûһ˻Ӧ
·໹кܶŹ֮һֱ꣬˵ٸʲôУնһ첲걻ˣһ·ȥҲûʲôŹ֮
ţ·ۣ˺ܶ·֮ͻȻ߽һ֮Уܶʯڣͷȷ¶ģǶһĲ棬һЩŹֵĻݲݣдУɫĻУ滨ޣɷǺÿ˱ǡ
ĹһۣĻһʶҲ֪Щ֮еûҪҵľתݡ
ߵ֮ͣһ£Ȼٴδҩ֣㵽׳ٲҽЩݲȫնȥ
ֻߺһɤӣû룬ܿӴһһǸӵͷͷܳмͷƮɢǱߣëڲڵġ
ûв´ĻǰͷӦñǽӸ˵ҩ֡
ͷһ޼ݵĽɫ·Ƶģʮҵʮ䡣
ϷҩȰˣû˸ҲʮǵһҴҩȵģˣǺηʥɡҩߵʮ׵ĵطͣǴʼ޼ߵһ軨ݣҺͳδ
ʦҰߣƫǲҪִңֲʳ˶նˡȸ״
ʱҩͣеĶٴοҵ˵ɣ㵽ʲôˣҩ
³ظʬҵǰݻҩ˼ң֪յſڣͽܱԲѷᱡϷҵŮˣͽȱٹֻ̣ܽܽһˡҵ˵
ҩɫһϸһۣȻ˵ҵͷһŵԭ꽭ϳֵ㣬ɱħʧʧ
Ȼ˵֮ȴЩĮ˵գȻһ˵ڽжͷҩȿϷһĶֵأϷûʲôԹϸҵͽܣϷʳ˶Ȼ߲ඡ
ҩ֣¾ǽǰðֻǰݷãͽܳԲѷ෬ƣ岽ɢҪа취岽ɢѾʬҩȵĴſˣѵҩȵĴ֮𣿡ҳʵ
ֵ˭ҩûԼƫҪˣҲԼҪҩ˵
ðȻ˵ݶˣǾûʲô˵ģղСӲɱңҾŪһɢˣ
˵ţ̧һƣҪȥ
ҩ۾һɣ֮ɱʱŭ˵򹷻ҪˣС̫ˣ
˵ţҩһ㳯ɱеĴǡ죬ٶּֿ
һ˦֣㽫˦˳죬һΣ㿪ҩֵĴԾȻҩֶƴ˼С
ҩеĴЩ·żжǳҵҪ
нһһն˹ȥҩ־˴һ£ʱ˴ĺ˺ü
СӣǽʢѾõɱħˢӣҩŭ˵ţأ˼֮еĻݲݶʱ趯Һͳ߲ƶ
еԦľͬһַţҶҪһЩ


2509 Ԫ
һԲϣҩֱҪҶ֣ʵҸղҲҪɱ꣬ȻСᱡ²ƺСִķݶϣһҪ
ҿҩȿտյһЩݲݣϾһһСˣҪɱ꣬ҩǲʵġ
ԣŻҶ
ȦӣǿΪ磬Զǿʵ˵ֻиҩ֤ǿһ棬ŻҷҪָܹҩֽǾתңǸǲܵ顣
ʵҲ֪Щ̫Ͻأеǿǿ˼ӵĸ׾ڲ֮ϣڵϦҲ뿴ᣬ˵ԼİŮ˸еĲãΪһˣӦΪڷ絲꣬ûк֮ǡ
ҩֽ˼֮ұĵϸʵǺǿεи֣ƴӲʵȫҵĶ֡
ƴңҩֱ˼֮еֲȫ趯綾ҺĹֻгŶ̵֮ҲֲҺͳϲƶֶΣܣҺͳ
ʱ򣬳ٴνǱ˰˳סЩҺֲЩɫı仯ҵߡ
ҩʩչ㶯վһδǵһ˿Ц⡣
ۿЩҪҵϵʱҲٵ˼ͬʱʩչԦľͲľ֮ȥЩֵĻݲݡ
ЩݲȻ֣ҲǻݣֻҪֲҪԦľͲľ֮ơ
һ̣ҩĿɿڴ鷢ˣЩֲۿžҪҵʱͻȻʩչס˻ȥ
ţұٴδ߶Щľҩַ˽
ҩִ󾪣ɫޱ䣬ŵ⡭ôܡ䶮ԪľֻһˣǴʲôط͵ѧȻܹƲľ֮
˵ţҩٴ˵ԪʼҵԦľͲľ֮⡣
ʵⷨ޼κһз¶ʮ
ǣҸҩֻкܴ֮ΪҵΪҪ࣬ҩּƬ̣ɫǺ죬ܿͼֲסˣЩǳˮһ㳯ҩֿӿ˹ȥ
ԭҪеĴȥЩɫȥЩԥƺЩᣬһԥЩĲ㳯ϲ˹ȥһȦһȦҩֱӱ˵ֿЩϲơ
Ҳ֪ҩΪʲôô⻹ûô֣һеֿ
˽꣬Ѻ꣬ҩ֡
ôˣҺ
ҲûãΪǿ̫࣬һжνĵֿѣɱɱϷû˵ҩֱתͷȥٿҡ
ˣЩѸٵ£˻ȥҩ˵ϡ
ζԪģƲľֶǸѧģҩʮֺʵ
ʩչֶβԪԦľ֮ǰһһǧ껱Ĳľ֮Բֲı¡ҽ͵
ԦľȻҵԪͬáҩ
ֶԽ߾Ĵ֮УһīǰѧģԪҲʮֻΪҲһЩʤһѡҵ˵
ҩֿҵǰ˼֣˵Ϊβɱң
ǰΪҪɱ㣿Ҹԩ޳Ҳɱ֮ˣ෴ҩȣҲ˼ҡһҩַ˾裬æ˵
ңҵΪ£ҩֵ
ΪģΪһݣתݣҩȥģģҪǮ򣬶Ǯ˼ҿ۶ұ֤ۡҿ
˹ˣôô˹ҪתݣϷҩȺþöûôˡҩ
ǰղŶðǰûе˼ҵ˼ֻǸղСͽܣ֮ᱡҷŶңղ𻵵ЩֲȻҲռ⳥ǰۣǮҶ𡣡ٴο˵
ҩֿһۣ̾ϢһϷľתݻʱ죬֮ãҪȻﲻҩЧһתѾǰ˸Ԥˡ


2510 һ
ҩ˵飬ʹӽǱ֪ˣ²ɫ˵ǰо仰˵ĺã챦۸ߵãԷʲô۶Ըļ۸֪ǰΣ
ҩֿңһŵСѣ²̫ðɣڽϻ죬ҪľһţҲҪһ󵽣Ȼ˼Ѿǰˣһ˶ϷʱڣԺôڽϻ죬ҪҪˣ
ǰ˭ܸǮȥ֮ԲңǲΪԷıʵ̫ǿǻ㲻ĻǰطģԿԻȫ̽ʵ
һ˵ҩֳԾһ£ҵ֪ģ
˵ҩֺ֪Լ˵©죬űտڲԡ
Ҳ֤ʵ֮ǰĲ²⣬˵תݵһСձȷһ㣬ҪȻҩҲôɵ
ԸҩˣǿֻͶãһתǰ˵ʵɣҷǳҪתݣžãҲڱصãȻǮȤһ㽻Σ
ҩƤһҵνף
ղǰ֣ԪЩ֮ʹõԦľֲܹԪȱֻ֮ҪǰǾתתøңұ㽫ԦľķŸ㣬ɻôȻתݵǮҿ϶ҪġЦ˵
ԦľҸīѧԦľҲīĿҷţֶλǿƸࡣ
ⷨҲҵļҴѧȻԽзŴڸҩ֡
˵ҩԵЩһֳԥɫ
һţбЩ
ʱһԵĳһѣСŸ硭ôзŸ˻ҩأΪҸ̫ˣתԸҪˡ
ӣżһٸͣзŸȣ϶Ҫҵ
Ǳߣҩֻ˼˺һ֮󣬲̾ϢһѽҪǻǰԤ˾תݣһǮֻ贫һЩԦľķţϷԸ⽫תݹͣǡǻϷǿﲻһתݽ㣬ҩȽ᲻ˣǿϧСѣϷҲûа취
˵ҸոЩ飬ʱʧȥ
ҩֿ϶ǲܽתתˣǾֻʵʩڶ׷ˡ
Ƭ̣ұСʵǰתݵ˵ʲô·˼ܹ֪һ
⡭ǲ̫ðɣϷ⣬˿͵·϶ҪܵġҩЩ˼˵
ɣתҲǿˣЩ˵·٣ұ㽫ԪǷȱЩֶθָһңҲ߱ˣԷҲ֪Щסٴ˵
һ£ҩֿǿסˣ˵ֱǿװǰ
΢ԥһ£ҩֱðɣСôгķݶϣϷٲ˵ĻЩʶ̧ˡ
˵ţҩֿһ۳죬ֿһԼͽܣűǽһ˵
Ӧһҩǰ˼ʮףһʯ֮С
ʱҩֲŵСѣʵ֮ǰڵҲҹϷתݣļ۶ߣǮ˭ϲҲ󰡣֮ǰҵˣϷʵǵﲻһΪǿϱɱ⣬ǣǿ϶ҪҩȵΪƽصġ
ǶԷʲôˣȻǿ᣿ʵ
һձˣһձʮǿһڣǽʲôʯˮᦹձ֯תݵģᦹ糤ĶӼһɣҩȵʱһ仰û˵ϷǱЩľϵɱŨÿһ϶մȾ˲ѪȡҩЩµ˵
һɣأ߶һ䣬ͻȻЩɻʮϤʯˮᦹҲ˵
ϸôһ룬ͻȻһˣǸ˽䣬ڴɽѩʱ򣬿ɲǸļһһСձôһȫ䱸
һ֮䣬ǲʲôϵأ
ԩ·խһθѩҲͰˣξȻתݣѾģξԲǵˡ


2511 ǣ
аĥһҩƺ鲻ԣ̽ʵСѣǲʶһɵģ
ûûУʶʲôձˣֻǾСձЩ֣˵ЩƿڡЦ˵
СձʮᣬҿʮˬҪǸ٣һǮļ۸ûлһҼһǮⶣ˵תһҪţԤһȶ𣬾͵žתݳ֮ǹȡ
һ£ҩֵתݵ飬ϷҲûţż۸ʣ˾˰ɣֺ֪¶˳Һ϶ҶˣԺǺˣСѰһˣϷҲʵЩⲻȥ
ȻǰΪѣҲǿ󣬲һҪ˵СձתݵʲôõôСĵʵ
ҩҡҡͷ˵Ϸ治֪ǮֻҪˣ飬ϷҲҶʣҲǽأ֪Խ࣬Խ죬ЩСձ϶Ǿˡ
˵ת֮죬ô֮ЩСձǲǾҪǮȡתˣʵ
ģǿ϶ǹȡġҩֵ
ˣ֪ĶˣţҽԦľһֵĿھڸ㣬Ҳ֮ǰĳŵˡҵ
ллϷ֮ҲûаʲôæܰҲֻЩˡҩЦ˵
£ұ㽫ԦľһЩ̫ҪĿھڸҩ֣Ȼ̫ҪԦľȷǱҩֵԪ࣬ѧ֮󣬱Ȼǳ
˵һھҩָһ飬ȷ֮ҩֱٴαʾл
Ҫ뿪ʱҩͻȻֽסңС˵СѣǻСձͦǿģҪСһҩȣϷܲˣǮϷѾ׬
϶лҲܹµĳҼȻתڱصãȻòֻܴЩСձˣǶֵʱҩȣҩȣôھˡ
϶³еΣЩСձ鷳
Ȼ֪˼΢΢һЦ˵ǰģҾԲǣġ
ãԺҪʲôĲҩҩϷϷг֥ɽΡĺڡСҪϲԴһȥϷ׵һԦľķҲЩⲻȥ
Ŀǰ˵ҪҪĻһ鷳˼ңɽˮټɡһֵ
ҩӦһű㽫ͳʯҡ
ʯ֮󣬳Ѿſˣվһԣʵʵ仰Ҳ˵
Ҵ˳죬ҩָֹҩֺͣһֱ͵ҩȵĴſڡ
һΣҲаԽҿһۣıҸŻˡ
ʦҶҪŪľһֻǰס
ʵҲΪãԺƾСӵƢ߽û೤ʱͱ˸ɵˡ
ҩ֮󣬳ҵСŸ磬ʵôˣҩû˵Ǿתǣ
ûУ϶ɿڣֻǸй¶һҵϢձ֮һʯˮᦹˣһһɵģǸҪ͸©ЩϢҴһԦľķš΢Цŵ
СŸ硭Ϊҵ飬㾹ȻзŶ˽ˣΪ̫ˣҲ֪ôˡ˫ˮĴ۾ң顣
һ§סСЦ˵뱨ҺװԺһңޣҾͺˡ
糺죬һʱ˼ĵͷȥ
Һͳһ·ţܿ۷˽ӵĸݵأҲ֮ǰǸӡ
һȥӱﱼ˳ȲʵүôˣڼƵϿҩֵͽܳ½ˣ治ҵľүߵĴģҩӲ
ҿ˽ӣЦ˵ҪҩֵͽܵϷϱܵˣŴ˽ȥҩȻأҲû˵ôֲҲǴͷβҩ֡
ҩҲˣӳԾ
ˣͷƢͦӲҵ
ͷӣСͽܣҲŰģ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥġ


2512 һʧ
Һͽг˼䣬ű㵽⣬ҵүǾתݸ㵽ûУ
ûУҩɿڣҲûа취ɱáҵ
˵֮ǰȥʱ򣬲֪˶ٿˮûн϶˵үȥҲ϶һġ΢΢Ц
ȴһ飬תݵЩ˵ݡҵ
⡭ҩ˵ˣӳԾ
˵ˣҪ˵ЩСձ϶Ҳ˽⡣ҵ
ҩֲɣЩĵ˵
ᣬӦûǸӡҼᶨ
Ĺһۣ˵¶¹شǽһ˵
˵ţӽһԺӣЩɻ˵ȥڵ㶼ˣ
һһ˶пܺ㣬˵ЩǮ¶ˣϽ˵˵ǻСձʲô·ЩȲʵ
ʯˮᦹ糤ĶӼһɡɫ
ұţʱһȥȻǣ
ôţʶǣʵ
ȻʶˣСձ䣬ѩǸǼһɵĵܵܣֵܣֵ˻һ׽ٺ棬϶ձ൱ųձĸ֮һʯˮᦹĿӣүҾ¶ɣǻǵû˶˵ٺ治ǣһҲӦ˰Щ˵
ôϽ𣬲ǸСձôû־ˣû¶Сүһ˵šҵ
үʵ˵ɣ͵õϢϴǼĸѩô˻Ǹˣ¶üٺʮŭ˵ҪϴβѩȫɱСձݰʱѩˣͲһ飬Ҫ鷳ֻǵٺŪĶе󣬻ûü뻪ģ㱻ǹٷ֪ˣ֪ͨձǿѹһΣΪתݵǳӣٺƿ϶Ҫҹɣµ˵
ҹҹ£һɣСձ۸ʲôݶˣڻڻĵţҫɣֻҪұ̧֤Żȥҵ
ү룬˼ձĸ֣Ϊøߵʲô̶ȣһձĿӣҹΪϣ߽ӽڵɵΪձǱһĸ֣治ġȰ
ѲɻܱҸүΪߣʵ
ǵǲڣ˵ٺڶսʱģմȾ˲ٻߵѪ˵үءӵ
ȥɱˣֻҪҾѪծѪҾ͸ܷŹˡҵ
үǷˣԽ˵Խ˵ձҲڵڣʯˮᦹĵϸһ˽һЩģ֯ʮӴ󣬿˵ҪǮǮҪˣһǼٺҪģǺڿɾˡ
ҳƬ̣˵ͲùˣͿԴ˳ǾתݵԼɡ
үǴһӵģѵǾƲϵɣɱʱҲһݶȻүҪǾһ£ҽйһʰЩСձӵ
ϽûǸ˼ô˵תһҪŪ֣ǳ飬Ҳһ˵ţڲڸ˻ˮɫ
үǻҪܵļƻһ£϶ҪģֻҪһЩʱЩСձȡ˾תݣ·ǣǱÿ˶Ƥ߻ߺɴ棬ֻɱˣºȥңҲ֪˭ɵģֻܳһưͿ˵أӺٺЦ
Ϻ꣬Ͱ˵ˡҵ
һ£ͻȻһ飬˵ϽձǼٺ٣ûģ϶ˣ¶ҾͲܵˣֻܽǼֵһһʧ
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Һͽȷ֮󣬱۷ǸСԺӣҵ˳죬ǵļƻ˵һ顣
֮󣬲ЩǣҲû뵽龹Ȼչֵز


2513 
ԭֻǵҪҵҩ֣Ǿתݸ˽ˣĸ׾ͻһнԴϲ
֪м֦ڣСձͻȻ룬С
ܽ飬ϲŵһЩһΣԼҲܹоСձôǵģ漰ձһӴšʯˮᦹ
һŵϴٺĶԶ飬Щ鷳ˡ
һΣɱ˼ٺĶӼ䣬һǵĶСձǷ˲ɡ
¼ϣòǱҪתŪֲУΪҶԼİŮ˵һŵ
쿴ҵСŸ磬ҪȻ˰ɣİ취ͽҸ͵ҶȣѦҵλҽҽΣǻİ취ġ
֪첻գҲǵ̫ࡣ
Ц˵ӣ˵ŪתݾһŪ㲻õңҲµģ鶼Ժôܻסȫ
Ŀң֪ȰҲãֻһӿҵϣʱıӣǱڻˮرᣬо֮ǰЩˡ
ȻѾˣұܵĲ
ӺܿҲͨձʯˮᦹϴٺɴձûģĵ֮ĴӼһɺͰᦹļ֡
ӻڵȥᦹתݵĿģȻЩˣڵ޷ټȥˡ
ҲãǰᦹĿӼٺûҲû̫ĺ֮ǣֻܷһǡ
Ϊ˽ӻһɸһ׳죬һǼٺĴӣɱǸĶӡ
Ϊһȣ˲ֹһ˽⣬ǸΪѾʮֲˣΪ˸ɵ䣬Ǽ֣ʮǿˣŽǼģһɱȻҲǸʮѲĽɫ
ΪȷһʧŽǴӺҶȽйط³أźҶȲ̫ԶĻֻ輸СʱܹϵͻȻ־Щ̫׵Ǿȫˣ¶ţЩСձֲȫɱһʣ϶ʳ˭ɵġ
ڴˣҺͽӱһ£Һͳ죬ɹļϣЩСձ£߾תݣǲ
ЩСձȫ˻ģٷ׷ߵȷЩ̫ý
ҾߵʵҪԸǼСձӦǴ´ࡣ
ڶ죬ڰŵǱߵ˾ѾλˣڵĴ󹩷к˹߻߰˸֣һһɨһ飬Ϊ
ݽ˵Щ˵Уһձ꣬дڣʱҲ÷ЩСձͨ
ӾǽӣܼҵĲϣǽ鰲ŵ㵽ˮ©
ҲûˣһĺӢϧĸо
ǸӣһҲʮԸʮˬᰮҾƣϵʱӸǼ˼СˣҴǬ˱óصļƿþƣ
ҩǱߣڵӦȫʮСʱ˼أҲʲô©
ߣǾתݲʱ죬СձҲǰǲҩȡߣǾ֮ɡ
ȾƵʱԳķ޲ڣһֱӲ˳ƯΪҲãҲһǸߵĴҲǺѷɫ
һͨģʱҾ̵ġ
⼸죬ǳԾƺ⣬ӹˬҲоܿ졣
ת֮䣬֮
ڵ糿ڸصЩ˱㴫Ϣ˵мҩȵķȥ
Щ涼˻ĵġ
ǽ˳ӻϿȥҩȵĳһȫͳһısÿһֵϡ
ҶŻ濴һۣЩĵ˵Ͻֶβᱻ˷ְɣ
үܷģǶҵֶζרҵ𣬾Բᱻ˷֣ҩǱߵļͷ΢ͷһװվԱ߶ᱻ֡˵
Ӧһб㿪ʼЩССļҪ׼ʼɼˡ
ԼСʱ֮󣬼ػ㲶׽Ǽȫͣ


2514 ҽ
Ǽ˶ż豸СĶżĻ
Ҳ֪ӽ΢ͷʲôطȫλǣǳӵ챶ܿһӵж켣һĿȻ
һ󱼺ܿͣûͣҩȵλãҩӦû߰·̡
ΪͨҩȵĶɽ·ʮ᫣ӿ޷ǰˡ
Ǻ֮ͣ󣬴ӳ½½˲ˣƽÿһϴԼĸˡ
ЩͲȣҲʮ꣬һȥʮңÿ˶װģʰĸɾ䡣
ܿһ֣Щÿ˶һɫƤ䡣
Ƥ϶װĶֽ
Ӹ˵ҩ⣬ͷһ㶼ȡֽ֧Ǹͷ
ʮˣÿﶼһǮɼЩСձΪ˾תҲǸ˲ٴۡ
УҵĿǸʮͷϣͷЩ죬ӦþǼһɣ֮ǰǸ俴ȥмֵ֮ܡ
ŵĻҶܹоһɢɱ֮
һ˫üëбȥ絶һ㣬ûһЦ⣬ηĸо
Щ˳֮ųһţ㳯ҩȵķ첽ȥ
ԼСʱ֮󣬻лҩȵĴſڣȺСձ֮˹ȥ˵˵ʲôҩֵͽܳ½˴ţֻͷһɺһʮһͬȥСձɫӷſڴȻұ㿴ͭĴչסǺɫƤ䣬Ƥ䳯ɽ֮˽ȥ
ţͭٴιرˡ
ֻҩȵĸװ΢ͷҩǾͼزˡ
ͭŹ֮ǶʮСձؾصվͭԱߣһľͷ׮һվһ
浽Ǿֹסһ㡣
춢Ż濴˺һŵСֵܣʲôʱ֣ʲôط֣ԷĶǺְҪǵľתݣǿ϶Ҫֿ˵ϻŻؼǻܶʹɱ֣ЩһҪѡһ׵ֵĵطʱСӿҵ
ǳҩ֮󣬻ûϳ뿪֮ǰǾͿʼ֣һҪעˣֻɱˣ𲻱ҪˣСձ߲ƣһѩʱһɵֵܼɱǻĲߣǵõתݣ֪ʲôıβǽߡҳ˵
ôСձûһöһЩСձֵʱֻҪŪôɡЩҧгݵ˵
ʱЩţھͳһȥ׼һ°ɣôɴĴɴûƤߵĻƤߣȸϵص㣬ǴҩȳǽžͶ֡ɨһ˵
Щַ׷׵ͷҪ뿪ʱ򣬽ͻȻϵЦݣЩ˵ڳλˣ¶ˣЩСձӦ֪ôҪǸй¶ڵˣ֪
ϽǶã󵱼ҵľܷľˡһŴӵĺ˵
ðɣǸ׼ȥɡӻ˻˵
Ҳ׼һƤߵĺ֣ߵҲʮּ򵥣óƤߣһһţܿ㻻һױݡ
ӹҲֻܰŮˣؿڴôŮˣǸı䲻˵ģһʮŮ˵Ƥߣʮ־£ϸǿġ
һСӵӵƤߣվӵʱ֣Ҳͦ˧ġ
һ׼ʮӵĹ⾰űжԼСʱ֮Ǳ㵽ЩСձĵط
ѡĵطþǳҩصһϿȵķ϶֮䣬ǱϿɽ֮ǰǰ汻һïܵĻĲڵţܹסǵΡ
Һͳڵĸһ
ͽӴʮǵĶ档
˵ʵִҽĹһǵһﲻЩСţҶڲݴʱ򣬳һֱҵ֣һ仰û˵ȴܹ֮п顣
ڲݴһСʱҵĹ⾰ҵֻһ£óһǽӷĶţдţǴҩȳˣߡ
һһ䣬˵֪ˣһȶ֣ýӦ


2515 
ûлأҳǶصǸطһۣǵαïֲܵڵסҲǵصĺܺá
ˣֽĵ˲аСʱĹ⾰óС˵СŸ硭ˡ
˳᫵ĵ·ľͷһȺСձˣ߿ֻһźڵԶĳ߶
Ǳһ֮ұ㳯˻˻֣ʾСһЩҪ¶ʲôų
һȺСձˣȹȥǾתݸ˵
ȺСձ˹ǼѾʼЩˣܹܵ˿ǵϢЩңϾ֮ǰѣСձöԸлʯˮᦹĳӼһɡ
ҵĿһ˲˲ĶȺСձʱǱԶ˹·ͨǷųӵıؾ֮·ǲܴƹȥġ
ֹһұ㿴ǰļһɣǿֵģ߸һʮ꣬ɫЩ԰׵ӣһ·֮Ϻ˵ʲô
ɫ԰׵ӣҲûκζ
ȻҵĿӹ˼һɣǵЩˡ
һ֮£Ҳ³ѪԭţתôҪĶ϶ڼһɵУȻûУҲûߵǸϣЩӵС
ߵǣЩÿﶼһӣ֮ǰҩȵЩӣ˻
һбЩɲ
˵⣬ҪôǺҩֵĽûгɹҪôǳɹˣǾתݷʮ֮еĳһ档
֮Ϊ˻תݡ
ԭһ򵥵ģֱٰ˲ٵȥǾתݾܡ
¸ֵģ˭֪תװһ
Ȼ䣬ͷһѲҩֳң˼һҪľתݲɣ
˵ҩֲӦûǣҲûǸӡ
ҴڸԦľһֿھǶĶ飬ƾһ㣬ҲܳҰ
ǻûߵҸӷһŹȥʲôǲǼһɸҩֵĽûгɹ
ܿ죬Ӿͻһţ˵϶ɹˣصǱߵ˵ʱҩֺͽܽһɵ˸˳ͺһЦݣɹҲ̬ȡ
Щˣ¶ЩΣоСձӦǷʲô
Ѿ˼ЩʱˣΪһѾԽԽ
ΨһľǣȫȻŷڵأеӸˣ飬Ǿתݵһ档
ۿǻжʮ׵ʱͻȻһӸߴһԾ£סǵȥ·ڵǼ֣Ҳȫվҵ
Ϊ˲Լ¶ҲûнҵĽóǸҪһѴ󵶣˼ϡ
·ҿԣҪ·ƣҽϵĳжָǲԶļһɵˡ
ΪװĸһЩһϢָεϵϢ
Ǽһɵ˿֮󣬷׷һ£ȻһЩˡһȫǰ˼һɵǰ棬ҷǷ׷׽쵽ؿڵλãûв³ĻȫŻ
ʱ򣬽ӺѾϢƵ˼һɵ˵󣬶ǵ·
͸ǰЩӣҳżһɿȥû뵽ǣǼһһֱŵͻȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬űЦЦһҲһʮֺơ
ţһɸǸɫ԰׵ߴ˵һͨҲ֪˵ɶ
ӵǸһ١
ȼһɸ˵꣬˱ҵĶߣС˵үͷ˵֧̫˼ˣⶼʲôˣȻ·ٵˣǲ̻һȺ֮ص֧
ȥСձȻˣƲǻˣү̡
Ǽһ˵֮󣬱㲦ǰЩˣӲ˵λĵѣμ棬գձ˼һɡ
˵ţǼһɱ㳯ߵһȥӽŵһӳƱ
һЩƱ߶˹ҵĽ£ҵͷһǮӣ꣬ϼһﻹ潫ǵ˴ٵˡ
ؼǣСձȻƲңΪ⼸ǮҵĽ£ҾҪжһ㡣


2516 ħ
ҵͷһ۵ɢǼǮ΢΢һЦ˵ϣԭǼСձӣ⼸ǮҪأ֮ǰĶСүеӣҪȻһҲ뿪
˵ǼһҲЦеģˣǰ˼Ц˵ĵѣ·󱦵أĹأȻҪ·ƣ뿪۰ɣطǹȥҲ֦кҪҪȥ
һɵĻ䣬һڵֵܺܿվ˳û˵ͷǲǶˣղҴ˵ˣֵǮĶóϴŵƤӣȻ
˻һڣǼһϵ΢Ц˲ʧˣɫЩ࣬˵λСֵܣǳμ棬˴˽ѣҪ̫ˣҸʮÿһ·뿪ɡ
һɵΪܲԼϢ˿̸ͨ죬Ҫһͨˣ϶練ƣƣܹ֤˳ǸǸʮ
ôģôˣ͸ʮȫǵְҵɵأϽӷ£ֵǮĶóҪȻҪɱˣֵܻŴ˵
Сһ˵Ҳ̲סЦС֮ǰǲǾ͸Ӫģ⻰˵Ļͦרҵ
˸£ٲÿأһߵǸ˶ʱŭ˵
ϣôңΪǰɣҿСձǷʰ˵ţֵܱͦһѴ󵶾Ҫȥ
ʱɫ԰׵ձ˶ʱŭֱӴӻһѺڶǹָǵϽÿҪȻȫǴ
ǰǸֵһСձͳ˼һʱһǰȥ
ʵϵǹ£ǰһվֵܵǰ棬˵ڻĵĵ϶ǹɱˣǶһԣֻҪǶǹǶǴҪұ֤ǳ˻ġ
ˣΪǲɱôʶĸϽҪȻҿǲˣһŭ
ðҵҪǸҲҡҺеĳǵ
һ۾ӣͻȻ˵һ仰Щ˶ʱǹȫ˳׼ǾҪ
ʱҲѾзǿ֮ǰұϣǰһƣ˵ǰЩСձӵȫ֮ϣ졣
ʱҲͬʱ߶ԦľͲľ֮׷׳ЩСձϲ˹ȥ
ЩСձûκη֪ҶֶΣʱЩӵסֽţǹҲȻֹ
ڴ߶ԦľʱҹЩЩǹϲƶȥв˵
Ͳķһǹϣҿ϶Ҳǿסġ
㶯һŪվߵǼһɶʱɴ۾ް֮⣬һģȻһձŲһһ˸ղ֮ϣϸնΪء
һɵĶһôһѵôŪģѵҲһ㣬Ǭ˱һķɣ
֮󣬼һ˲ƶҵߣৡֱָҪǵ糶Ŀ˿˿죬ʵֲ
һɵֶΣûʵǲӲӣæ㿪ʽеĳԼǰ
¿ǹʵǸܲߣǣ϶ΪͼưɣһɱһʽĶ˵
ҺٺһЦ˵ȻˣҲͲٸϻˣѾתݽұ뿪Ȼǽ˭Ҳ뿪
ԭΪ˾תݶתݾҪ߲Уһɻδ䣬һΣ㳯ٴγ˼
ĵ̫ˣʮֵ꣬ôǱ߽Ĵ󵶸Ǽһɶƴ˼УҵֶЩ΢΢飬ٴηֿʱȥеĵʱ򣬷ǵȫǻڡ
ҵĵãһɵĵ̫ˡ
Ǽʱ򣬶֮ϣȥеĵʱǵ֮ϾȻѪ֣Ѫ֮лһ˿ħ
⵶ҽס̾
»ʮ۹ģ⵶ħձĵ֮һǳڴʦ֮֡һһᵽԼĵ۾ﶼЩŹˡ


2517 ֽƬ
ĵ̫еѴ󵶸У϶ռˣ˵Կ
뵽ҾԼҲûεıҪˣʲôһɵΪҪ֮ǰĻҪǿûϵǣһеĵֲ̫ͲܹͨԸ˵ġ
ҼǵǬ˱ﻹһѵ⵶ֵܼģǵǴħȣ΢ѷɫôһ
ţҶеǰѲеһּ䣬ԾȻһ
վڲԶļһɣһеĽ꣬ǷâתĽ꣬ʱҲһ޲ڵѽҲһѾõķˣڻӦòһĽɫܹӵˣΪȻҲӦʮǿҼһöûĶ֣Ҳûķˣ㲻Ϊеľתݶ˵ǻǺܺõѡ
꣬һﾹȻֵ֪ܼôģҾ϶Ͳ뷨ˡ
ȻȻ˵Щֻǵ˵һڶ֮ǰȸ˵һ㲻ҵĶ֣ǹԹԵĽתݽȱ첲ȣԼﲻǣ
ÿˣԸҺϲΪձ۹ʿǲͶģҲκˣܲӮңҪıˣˣаɣ
˵ţһɣλζ֮䣬ٴαҵǰٴ˼Աýһһ񵲿
ý꣬ʮֵӦˣҲû֮ǰָ֮С
Ҫǽϴ˶꣬˸飬ͻȻñķЩ̫˳֡
ҸһɶֵʱѾǼ˳ȥǼһɵ´
ԶĿͽӵҲ׷״Ӳݴ֮гɱ˳ЩСձһϡ
ʮСձΪ׵ߣղԦľסǣҲֻǶݵľţĹ򣬱Щ֮˳
ѳַҲʮֹ죬һоʮ˳ϴ·Ҳ
ԭǵװ֮£ŵȫǺɫĽ£ǵݵŴ·
ÿ˶ϷƵģϳһձгж̣ৡ£㽫Щնˣ˵ͳſɱȥ
УһֱڼһߵǸɫҰ׵ˣΪҲǺǿģĸһмƣĶҲ˵
ǼһһͲ˳죬ƴ˺üغϣû˿·硣
һСһСձÿһʮǿĴڡ
ڣȶסӦûʲôġ
ҵǽǰһɸɷڵء
һɹʮ֮ҽܹʽˣű㿪ʼз
ڶƴһ֮Һܿʩչ콣еʽһɨǧɨ˳ȥһɲ֪콣һնǵ˹ȥ
ǵǵЯſֲƵɫħ֮ϵʱǼһɱһƺߣŵ˺ü
ÿֲĽˣ㵽ǺηʥȴΪһɾֵ
˵ˣ㲻ҵĶ֣Ͻתݽö˵ţٴʩչ˽Уһһл㾦ʽżһ˳ȥһɫĹ˲ݵ˼һߡ
ʱĿɿڴ鷢ˣԭվǰԶļһɣͻȻһűʧˣȻҾñһɿֲϢ˹æʩչٰ˲һԡ
ͷȥʱ򣬷Ǽһɲ֪ʲôʱѾƵҵ
Ҳʲô˲תƻСձֶҲʮ氡
µֶβҲǳصģҪսʤңûô򵥣һ˵ţ˼ֽƬŵ϶˳ȥ
ҶһǼ񻭣ձͷŮģ
⼸ֽƬһڵϣðһ̣̹ıмձͷͷһĶŮӳ֡
û˵ֻҹάȫͿ˴׵ˣ촽ʺɫģǸպѪһüëƲͲ
⼸Ůһ֣ʱҲСѹҪǲ֪һõʲôֶΡ
˲䣬ǼŮӱŲ˽ŲɢŰΧ
һߵ⼸Ůߣ΢΢һЦ˵¿֪ʲôֶô
ʲôʲôʹǣø£һ㳯һŮ˹ȥ


2518 ʽ
һ׼ֺݣֱһֽƬ˵ϣĳ룬ǸֽƬ˾Ȼ㶼㣬ֱӴļһֱ䵽䣬նأŮ˵İӵ˵ϣȴûһѪʳ
նΪصǸŮ˵ڵ֮󣬽žֱһֽˣնƬֽ΢΢Ŀɿڴע֮£Ȼٴνһ𣬻ָȻƬ˴ӵٵıֻ˸ղŵģ
һзĺܿ죬Ҳͼӵʱ䣬ղűնΪصֻֽվҵǰ
ǲҰ׵ǹŹЦݣҵҲԵ޺ǿֽƬ˵ģȴһ˵ľ֮С
ùֶΡЩֽƬˣҽסѿڶ
ˣֶǴձ۹һзţʽ񣡽ʶʬҴձֶε
˵ţǼһɱһ֣еֽ˶οٵƶ߶
ЩֽƶεʱҸоһɿֲϢֶ
ʵҲ֪ôȥЩֽƬˣղѾԹˣһնɱȥնΪأǺܹܿٴһ𣬺ԶɱΪͷʹ顣
ЩֽƬ˲ֻɱԣӦûʲôֲɱںҡ
ûнӴҸеΪ־顣
ЩֽƬͬʱҷʱѡʱܣЩֽƬûʲôȻپôԸЩĶ
£һٰ˲ЩֽƬ˲ߺХٶȿľʮ֮һ룬ЩֽƬ˾Ҫײҵϣ߸һվ㴫˺¡һ죬ͷȥʱ򣬶ʱųһ亹
һʯǼֽƬˢˢն˺üأʮƽ͸жһ
ղҪЩֽƬҵϣ֪ҵûǿ޴ʯͷӲ
ǵĶ̫ˣҸûпôʯͷпģǱֽƬ塣
Ҳ̫ˡ
СձֶҲĺܰ
ݵһ˲䣬ЩֽƬɢҸΧм䣬磬һ޺ģȴһȫɱ
ôˣ㻹ܹսʤôһЦеĿңһģ
ҲҪ˵̫磬ûе֮ǰô֪ҶԸֶΣҾеĽ꣬ĿЩֽƬ˵
Ǻð֣Ҵձ۹ҲټϷҲдд裬Щʽй˼УҪһ̯ˡһЦ˵
˵䣬ǼһٴһָЩΧߵֽƬͬʱһ֮䣬ٴγɱ
ЩֽƬһɲǼ䣬ͺƾʧһҸ׽ǵӰ
ǞųȫܹƾŞųӦ׽ҵΣӶжϳҶ㿪ķλ
ЩֽƬ˶һɲǣٴδ߶ٰ˲ǵɱУͬʱ߸߾ѰһֽƬƶĹ켣ͬʱһն˹ȥ
ҵĶܿ죬ֽƬ˲ʱܹо֮ϴ΢ĴС
նֽƬ˵ϡ
ҵĽûüջأӭһɴħĳն˹
ҽŲһյĶ㿪ȥһŸǼһеħٴײһ
ͬʱżһ棬˳˼һ˾롣
ͷҸղնɱֽƬ˵ʱֽƬȷʵնأһٴλԭģ
ֽƬ׷ײܵʯͷľ֮ϣ޲ǽʯͷľг˺üء
ֲ̫ˣЩֽƬ˿ֲɱôɱԣһ޷սʤĸо
ֻҪ϶ʮȫʮǻģ˺ϴ辭ҲڸʮĸֶԾʱ߶˺ϴ辭ʱʱ򻹲ҽ˺ϴ辭ʩչԷܾҪҵ
ΪɶҪش֮󣬲Ż˺ϴ辭ɶԷԭ
ҵΪûǿ󵽽˺ϴ辭˲߶ܹסЩֵ״̬
Ҳ޷ʩչģΪЩֽƬ˵ٶ̫ˡ
ĹٴνŰǼһɽһмλá
վ֮󣬺ܿԺðһ⣬ȻһɿʽԸңҲҲаô


2519 
ҵİֱСȺͶʦ֣ʱ֣СȻܳСȵ˺ܴǲģʦʲôʱԡ
뵽һǬ˱ңʦִǬ˱˳ŵһ
ʦֻζһ˲Ǵ౶ڣվҵߣ۾ֱĿǰļһɣ˵⡣
һɿ˶ʦ֮ҲһЩӾֵ˵ţʲôޣˣҹĿ࿴еǰ֮⣬㾹Ȼһֻޡ
Ѿʹ˽꣬¶ԼݣҲںʦָųˣȻ֣СүҲǹ¼ҹˡ
Ҹһɷϻὣٴɱ˼һɡ
һڶݵ֮Ҳ߶ЩֽƬٴγҹɱ
ʦһֱӵҵǰ棬ʼԸЩֽƬˡ
ܹȫĵĽעڼһɵϣŷ˵
Ҹһ˼֮ŴһЪ˹Ů˵Ĳҽ֮
һͷȥʱ򣬵һɷųһֽƬˣһ˶ʦֵϣҪʦִмضϣǶʦޣȫޱȵ
ֽƬһʦֵӵʱ˲㱻ʦϵĻȼˣҷһֽƬ֮ȼգܿͻ˻ҽ
ʱҲֽƬ˵Ͳ֮ԭµǻ
һҲЩֽƬ˸˲˶ʦ֣ٴνЩֽƬ˾£㿪˶ʦֵ׷ǹҪҡ
ʦֵٶȸЩֽƬȣǲһЩӦЩֽƬѾٴΧҵߡ
ڸһɶƴʱ򣬻Ҫʱ̷ЩֽƬ˵͵Ϯʱֺâڱĸо
üΣЩֽƬұܵĿ־Χ
ұмѵͬʱͻȻ䣬Բʮ֮ڣɫı˰ǵ㣬ǵΧҲЩΧ£ΧֽƬ˰С
ЩֽƬЩ˰㳯ЩֽƬײ˹ȥ
ܼı˰ЩֽƬ㶼㲻ɲǼĹЩֽƬ˷׷׷Ъ˹Ĳҽ֮ȫЩɫĻȼˣһѻҽ
϶ǲԶĳ쿴ҴʱҲЩֽƬ»ģԱ㽫Ǳ˰˳ҽ
Сձôı˰ܷ裬۾ɵԲЩŵ˵⡭⾹Ȼϵı˰ǡǵʲôˣȻϷʽ񣡡
˿̣Ҳ˲ȥǱˣֻ뽫ǰһɸŷڵء
ҾóǱ߼Ȼܹڳң϶ҲܹӦ
ûЩֽƬ˵вҶʱֱŸǼһɶƴʮУʩչһз绢һ㽫Ǽһɸ˳ȥ
һܵס͵Ҫħ׺һǱҴѪˡ
Ҳǲֹۣɳȥ֮߰˲ɫʱЩ࣬ȻЩˡ
վ֮ļһɣЦһɭɭ˵治֪ʲôʱֳһˣеĻҪǿ󣬲Ҵձ۹ʿǲսʤģǾԲһ֧˵ġ
˵ţǼһٴվ˼ͻȻܵĞųٴηҲ֪ǲۻˣٴȥǼһɵʱ򣬷ּһɵϳӰӰԽԽ࣬ܵľɫҲǵȻһգգۼĹҾ;ͻȻ˺ܶˣĹһۣ߾Ȼվʮһģһļһɡ
ܿ죬Ҿһ飬ɽѩʱ򣬼õһУǷʱһʩչʱ򣬽Һ˶סˣҼǵûһʩչףŽǼ
һʩչһгҲЩľˡ
Ϊʮһ֣ÿһһһ޶ʵ൱ʮһɶԸһˡ
һɱʩչ˷϶ΪһģȲѵʱҲʩչһг
ǵ˵ʮȻһģһֻһܹҵǸɱش᲻ơ
ֲЩһģôֱܷ
ˣʶʶʯˮᦹΪǿֶηڵˡʮһͬʱ˵


2520 
ҵȻ޷ǼķڶԸ˼һɵķ
ʱѩʱһһСôȥˣҵΪ޷ʱͬն
һʮŵףֻǵһЦ˵һɣ̫ˣֻҪԹԵĽתݱ뿪ҪԼǾ͹ֲˡ
ˣҪڳԣб»˵ʮһɣͬʱڣо˵лһָоʮ
Щһͬʱеħҳɱ
Ҳ뵽Ӧ֮ʮһɣһ±㽫еĽ׷ɶȥʩչ콣ǽߵʱǧӰҵΧסЩҳɱļӥķ
ҸոʩչһеʱͻȻһƺ𣬶ʦֲ֪ð˳ֱӳЩһɵķ
һɵķǱ߲òڳȥԸʦȻ
ţٴʩչԦľͲľ֮õ֮ϵĻĲٵżһɺЩϲƶȥ
ҷǲ֪һǼһɣЩķЩĲܹǼһһЩ鷳
ЩĲΪģӶȥһеħҲǲϳЩĴ׳֮նȥ
ħնɱȥ֮󣬵ݺ֮䣬㽫ĻĲնһƬȻĺ֮£ٶȼ죬Ǿ²һһһ磬
ͬʱֽһ˳ҲŸҵǰͭǮٵʩչ˱ͭǮ˲ͷͭǮɢȥ
ЩͭǮ˲ʦֵģǶԸǼһɻûġ
ֶΣڼʱȫʩչ˳ȥ
ʱ䣬ͭǮǻǹһܲϵɨȥֲܵļһɵķЩܹܿҲһЩĲס޷㿪ġ
áۡ죬ͭǮ˼һɷ壬ȥЩһɵķʱ򣬱㻯һ̣ʱɢ
ղһͭǮʩչɱ˼һɵ
ҲŸоʵһɵķûеôǿ󣬸ûǰǿٲһλ
ʣµĻʮɲϳҳɱ
һ֣˱ͭǮһͭǮһһַʣµǼͺöԸˡ
һɿͷϵǰͭǮʱ򣬶ʱЩˣԥŲǰ
Ҹûж룬ֱһ͵ͭǮ󣬻ͭǮɢȥ
һΣڴ߶ͭǮ֮󣬺ֿܿʼʩչһţҵ˺ϴ辭
ղñͭǮ˼һɼһֽһɵķ˳ȥøȡһʱ䣬лʩչ
һҽ֮еȫһ㣬˲ͱ˳˺ϴ辭ʼӿЩղŻĻĲʱֹͣŵ˻ȥ
ǵ֮ϵʯͻĲ˺ϴ辭֮¿ٵĿήȥֲ֮Ҳʼܿٵӿ
һɵķûЩĲΪҵ˻ᣬħ㳯ҳɱ
΢΢һ˿Ц⣬ٴν˺ϴ辭߶ĸǿʢһЩ
˫һץ㳯żһɵץ˹ȥ
ĽŲһ٣ʱо˺ϴ辭ǳصѹ
תҪźȥȻ˺ϴ辭ס̶һ㣬ԽֻԽΪʱ򣬻߶ϵһ˺ϴ辭ɵϵԽࡣ
Ƭ̣˺ϴ辭ԽԽǿʢٴһץһɵʱˣһڿն𣬳߷˹ץס˲ӡ
¶ޱȾֵɫͬʱ˵㵽˭ʲôаŵĹô˵Ϊ
ȥүɡϵ֮ǿҡ
ȻľֻǼһɵķһûоɵлŰɫʧˡ
ڲԶʣµǼͻȻٵľ£һһ˻ֱۣܿ˼һɵģ
ʦָո׷һɵߣһɱһںĶŵ˳ȥ


2521 Ѽ
ûпǺںĶʲôһ֮ðһŨŨỊ̇ʦֽŲͣ˻һŨ֮У׷Ǽһɶȥ
ҿһ㶯֪һҪķһ֣˺ϴ辭ɵÿһɵһһɱܵһĴˣʩչ˺ϴ辭ʱ򣬼һɸҿҵߣ˵ʮһٸֻҪ˺ϴ辭ֵķΧ֮ڣҲһҪҷġ
ش֮µļһѾû˸սųһ֮󣬱㲻Ӱ
ҺܿҲ˺ϴ辭׷żһɵķȥɢȥ֮ȴҲҲһɵӰˡ
Ҳ֪Ǻõʱ˳
СŸ硭һɴˡ
һͷȥ߿ٵı˹
һɴЩ£Ѿ廨׷ױŷڵأЩڵ˸
ҿһ۳ӣĸˣ
û塭ǷųһȻͲӰҲ֪ˡЩ˵
ǧǾôˣװžתݵӾڼһɵĶӼ۵ϣҪˣ֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡӻζһ⣬߱һͷϵȺ
СձݵİֱӰԼͬ鶪˾ܣһ˼ɶûУǻ׽ЩСձô죬ģЩСձӻǲöԸֵ˵
ҳƬ̣룬ղżһߵʱȻһʹõѾسɴֶΣ׷ɱ˵ʱһسɴֶߵģһ׷һֱϵ˵Ҫ׷سɴķźܼ򵥣ǸӦΧĞųĸطĞųϴǾȥʲô
£ұ۾˞ųٵĳ˹ȥܿ죬ұӦǰкǿҵĞų
ʱұ㷴Ӧ˹һɴĶӣȥķǷųӵĵطһ˳׷ˡ
뵽ҴѦС߸ҵлɢ˽ӵȽһɵ鷭ȥ׷һɡ
ү֪ȥôҪȻҴ绰˻һ£ӵ
ã֪ȥˡ
˵ţһס˳ĸ첲˵ߣ
˵ͷȻұ߶ٰ˲ųٶȳżһߵķȥ
һɱȻشǶسɴֶΣ϶ҲӲԶٰ˲ֶѾҿõ˻ʩչһҲѷɫЩسɴֶΡ
߷죬Ҵųһ·ʱ㵽ЩСձͣĵطһˮĺɫ󱼡
߸һžͿӰһ߷˲żһѾ˳ţ˳߿һۣ˳ӡ
Ҿ˷ĺ֮
ܣ
Ѽӣһ˲ɣ
ǳһۣҶʱųٴʩչٰ˲ֶΣ֮Һͳ㵲Ǻɫ󱼵ǰ棬סǵȥ·
ʱǴҲѾԼٶȳҺͳͳ
۾һУٴԾȻһұеĽ꣬׼Ǽٷɳ۵ĳӡ
͸ҿ˼Щס
㾦
ҴһһɫĹӽ֮˳ֱǳӴ˹ȥ
ıܿ˾֡
ɫĹûײڳ֮ǰҼ˳ţֱӴӳϷ¡
ǼһĻӼһɡ
¡¡һ죬ɫĹǳ棬ֱӽǴƷ˺üͷܣ䵽һԵɽ档
۴ӵصļһɸ߿˹
ʱҳżһɵϿȥһƤӣװӦñǾת˰ɡ
Ƭ֮ų죬żһǱ˹ȥ
˸£Щ֧ˣ֪˭𣿵ǣǻĺܲң۾еձ׼ߡ
Ҿ֪Сձ֪֪νˣѾתǲҪȻǾͰҳ
˸£۴ŭɫǺ졣
ôһԣСүŪ㣡ҵĽָ˼ۡ


2522 
ۿȥͱҴһЩҲǸģû˿η壬˫ձҪ˵Ǵձ۹ʿǲġ
ֻǸȥһ㱻ļһɸסˣһ㶣ͷԼĸס
ۣǲλ˵Ķ֣ѵ°ɣҲ뿪һЩȻ˵
סתǺòײŵģҪ͵ձ
Ҫ˵ˣѶ£ߣһֱӴ˼۵Ļ˵ˡ
ţһɱ㽫еӷһԵʯͷϣҵ£ҪĶҽˣǲǿˣ
ҳӿһۣ˹ȥһһ߾룬һôͻȻأǲ͵͵ʲôıƣ
ҪôʲôûУι˶
ҲпǼһˣղŸУЩͽɱˣֲң˵ͽǸӶ˸ɱˡ
оŻúǰ
һ仰ĺ塣
ҵͷһǷʯͷӣȥͨͨûʲô֮ӿȥһ䡣
ӷ֮󣬼һɱż۱Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬳ȴһ֣סǵȥ·˵һ¡
һɶʱŵĿҵ£ѾˣΪλǸӶ뿪ѵҪΥ֮ǰĳŵ𣿡
Ӵ򿪣ҪһĶǲģȻžҪҪ뿪ָֻɽ˵ģ
ܶʱҪȫࡣ
һһ£ֿһվһƲңȻŵðɣҸǴӡ
˵ţһɱߵԱߣ룬ӡžડһˡ
ȷǷһòݣоֲͨﳤҲ࣬ΨһͬǣȫһƬ죬ǴѪ̳һ㡣
ҳǲݿһۣ㿴˳ӣǾתʶ
üͷĲݿһȻִ˹ȥͷ£˵ͷ˵Ӧǣ֮ǰǼϷҽƵ䣬ݹתݵģȫ죬΢΢ɢһصζ֦ҶʵҲģô̵ʱڣǲһٵľתݳ
ҵ˵ͷӸ˵ų׼뿪
ʱǼһͻȻ˵
ҽŲһ٣ͷ㻹ʲô˵ģ
µΪڻһ֮ӦǷëǣҴձʯˮᦹϣһѣתҲҰᦹԸµһˣֻǲ֪µǺηʥɷ֪¸նáǼһɳ˵
Ȼȴβסɱ¶˳
ҺǺһЦ˵һɣ㲻֪˭Ȼô
ң¶ڸµΪֻ뽻Ѷѡһɳ˵
˵ô˭֪ļٵģСձĵ˭֪֪˭Լ鲻ˣٻᣬʱңҪȥˡ
˵ţҲǼһɣֱųС֣뿪˴˴
߳ȥԶһͷȥʱ⸸Ӷ˻վһ˲˲Ŀң֪ڼƽʲôı
ǵľתݣǿ϶ǲưոˡ
ļָйڣǲ֮󣬱Ȼҡ
֮Ҳû˼ЩȻתѾ֣ȥȻ˵Ժ˵ǹҲηǡ
Һͳžתвʱܿ㿴ӭĽӺͿˡ
һ棬ӱȲʵôҵûУ
ҵˡЦ˵
ǾתأҲʵ
ǰ˻Ρ
үģҾ֪СձݡӹһЦ
һ̸ɵƯǱһѩĳˣֻϧЩСձЩƵ˵
үȻ˾תݣҲ˴ˣȺСձ϶ưոݣҪǾүղʩչ콣˺ϴ辭ױ㱩¶ݣ֮£ҶҲûб˻ˣֻҪڻĵĽ֮һ֪¶϶ɵģҪСһЩźáӲ޵ǵѵ


2523 Ҫ
һɵΪܲ൱éɽϼϵĸ֣ƵҲòʹҲûа취飬Ǹǻǻ㲻ʯˮᦹҪĻǾǣҲǡҳ˵
үո˵󣬻Ȼ˵ǻҪСΪʱ̷ǵһձʯˮᦹǱߵĶֻҪ΢һЩ紵ݶұ֪ͨүӵ
ͽˡˣղֻŸһƴˣûע⵽Ǳߵôʵ
ˣûɥЩСձǹݵģֶҲǹĺܣҪǵúӦҪһϣܽԷ¡
ҪСձֶ֮ǰûôӴһֲЩСձΪˮ׼ҲϣòײŽǸŷڵء
磬˵ֵûһȺصĸеֵÿ˶ʮһˣϿǮͺáҵ
˻һڣڵǰֵǶʱȸԾҲʹ
лүܶͬ˵
žү¶ˬһԸˮʥ̵ʱ򣬾үҲʹһȣԺү飬ֵܸк浽һڵֵЦ˵
һﶼֵܣΪˣξллˡҹ˵
Ҳҹֺһ
ʱֿ˽ӣ˵磬û¶ʲôŰɣε飬۵ڣһСձҵͷˣҵɾʹˡҵ
᲻ᡭǶαװĺܺãҲĺõĵԼģǲ鵽ͷϵģһһаյģǾүһҪСģСձǺءٴѵ
Ҽˣҵõ˾תݣ¼Ǳ߻ҩȥҾͲڴ˴ˣϻݲУʹ˱Ǹټһֵ
ҺͳǱˣٵҵǷڴڵĳӣֱݵķȥ
·ϣһֱڽҵ֣Ŀң֮󣬲Ŷ˵СŸ硭лл㣬û㣬治֪ôˡ
һͷӣ˵ɵѾͷԺллĻͲҪ˵ˣҵˣֻҪһҾȢؼңһ˺αҪ˵һ
Ӳûкߵͨ죬ʮּᶨĿҵ˵ͷ˵СŸ磬ⱲҾˣ±Ҳǡ
ų۾ͻȻûɵĲһ̤ʵ֮УƯҵһޡ
һֱһҵĶ޷ڳ֮䣬һֱ޷ȥһʵҺͳ֮͸һ㴰ֽһͱơ
һֱҽⴰֽͱƣǵôˣҲͷԼĽˡ
һȥǧԶҺͳһ·У·ϼ˼ͣٷûüԡ
һֱڶʮ֣ǲŻصݳ¼ҡ
·ϣҽƵ˵绰ڳ¼ҾƬ̣þתݸơ
ϢȻҲ֪ͨ˳¼ҵˣǸյ¼ſڵʱ򣬳һڳ¼ҵſڵȺ
˸һ³ǰ˵ӣллˣΪǳ¼ô࣬Ϸ򶼲֪ôлˣżҹﲻ˵Ȯ˾תݡݶ飬ϷΪ
˵ŶӦõģ֮Ͷѡ
ʵǣһⲻ׬һϱô
Ȼ󣬳㽹ʵүүҵôˣ
һֱһһ⣬Ҫ֮ǰ˵ĵҩ˶òˡʱһʮͷͻȻӿڵ
ͷһ಼ϱһҩӣһ۱˳λƱǺųơƱѦҽƵ䡣
СŸ磬Ҹһ£λϷҽƵ䡣
³ظʬһֵ
үˣү𽭺һңǾͲҪˣϽҪɡ
˵ţƵǳų¼ҴԺȥ߹Ժ˳Ĳ֮ǰ
Ƶ俴һۣǾתݿɴϣ
⡣
˵ţұ㽫Ӵ򿪣Բ֮ϣƵչȥһ۾ʱɴˣչȥ£ŵͷ˵ٰľתݣ


2524 ɱ
ҽǲתݣԾҸ׵ˣ콹
ĲҩϷ򶼴ˣȱһλתΪҩˣЩҩ֮󣬲£Ʊսת֮ڱȻָƵɫ
ŴԣԴϲűǾҽˣ뾡콫ҩΣҶҽܷģ϶ġ
ˣƾų¼ڽϵϷ򼴱һǮգæ϶ҲҪģطģϷһ߾ܵġ
˵ţƵ㽫ǾתɴųųķȥҪתݸˣ£ⶫҲǸҹζࡣ
һСձҹҪתҲˣΪҩͽ˳Ķӡ
֮һ·ϣǱ뷨ϾҵѾ¶ˣһҪҵݻǺܼ򵥵ģҵݳ¼Ҳʮס
ֻҪڽϴʲôҪתݾ׾֪ԶڽŵĽӶ֪ݳ¼Һżҵ飬¶ڽҲֵĲСˡ
ҽʹո뿪ӣյ˳ߣ̽һֻǿɫоѾЩ;ƿˣٲѦλүӸĵҩҲ޲
ʱͻȻ䣬Ժ洫һҽУҽ˺ѷΣŻЩ죬ЩǴ
һһһ顣
ô¶үӼ濴ȥ
үӣտòˣҺȥ濴ǳˡҵ
ãүӦһӴͷժһѱ
˵䣬ҺͳҲԽ˳Ųҽķ첽С
һߣһ߾룬ѵǼһˣ
ٶҲ̫һЩǰŸյ¼ңǱ׷
³صʡҲһһҹʱѡ
ţǱ˴Ժ֮Уű㿴ԺһˣǸղŷҽĴ磬һѪļڵʹİ
һ۰ѾˢˢıնϣԼԶľ롣
ҩӵƵһŵģõĶ̵һĳܹţ˭Ͻ
һ̣һٰ˲Ƶߣһ߾ĳţһʵʲô
ҡҲ֪ʲôղźһӰһ˶ûпʲôģȻ͵˵ϣŵװžתݵӾͲˡƵһŵ˵
ƵȻҲҽߣȻҲЩΪģûпԷʲôģͱ˸ˣҴҲ˿˵ϣЩˡ
˵תݱ˸ˣҵͷһ꣬ò׵õݣô׾˵С
ԲүϷûտǾתݣ֪ʲô˸ˡƵǸֵ
û¶¶ֲ㣬˼ܾˣصһ°ɣþͺáҿο
˵򣬳Ѿնϱ۰ĴѪ涼Ⱦͨ죬Ƶܿ˹ȥĶϱ۸ʼ򵥴˿ڡ
һɣ֪ˣֵľվСүһܡҳ˵
Ȼû˻ӦֻǾܵĞųʼĶݣȻ䣬ľһɳɳ죬ȻоһĪΣֶһͷն˹ȥ
áһ죬һײһ𣬻ð˻ӣǵȥŷǸʱȴҲ
ȥձߵֶΣҸߵ߹УûмùֶΡ
ԷˣϢĳߣȻͻȻ֣һйȻ
ո͵ϮһѣųǱҲ˵죬콫罻ƵУὣǵǰ
ʱ򣬿ǳ¼ҵԺߵĶҲһȺˣԶŷ߸˹
С㣬ʲô飿һܼģЩŵ˵
ûǵ飬Ͻ뿪ԻȥɡЩ˵
δ䣬һĻٴγ֣ǹܼͻȻ˼ҽУѪɽһֱ۽ϵķ˰ա


2525 ˫
¼ҵЩҲкֿ֣ŵĹֶ֮£Ȼûʲôмֻ֮б͵Ϯķݶ
Ĺ򣬳¼ЩУ߰˸˱Щڰ˸նֱۣһѪ֮С
ܿ죬ұ϶һ飬ұ˿϶ֹһЩڰŵɱҲֹһ
ҿһ۳죬ﱣҽʹ磬Щ¼ҵߣȥסǵȫ
¼ҵѾһţ˵ڵϰЩ֮⣬ȫվΪǣһŵĳܾĿš
ǹܼҾʧʵү⵽ô¶żҵɱֹɣ
û뵽ܼҾȻôʣҪǲ˵Ҳ˻żңڳ¼ҵ˻Ϊĵżңû뵽Сձô
ҿǹܼң˵żңǾվﲻҪ
ǹܼҾŵĵ˵ͷ亹ð˳
Ѫζܿڳ¼ҴԺз紵Ժľɳɳ졣
гŽ꣬һȻ۾Ğųӿ
ЩʱƾŞųĸӦҪ۾ʹ۾ƭˣӦǲġ
ڞųԺʱҺܿӦԺ֮ʮ˴ڣмҺܽǵĽŲᣬûзһ
ͬʱҲ߶˰ٲϵֶΣͨϞųӦ˫¡
ͨӦѾ쵽ˣԷѾʼңһ˻ڳΧڲϵѰһᡣ
Ȼ䣬һ˿ʼˣһҲϿǧһ֮ʣǰ֣ٵĺն˳ȥ
ڡһ죬ѪĽһԲԴ˵ϣڶԷĵû֮ǰұһն˹ȥ
һնȥ֮󣬶ԷȻһæ˼
ţұ۾㿴һɫװˣԴѾˣǻﲻѪӿ
ֵǣʬ֮ͻȻðһŰɫɢŸϢİҷˡ̡죬ĹǾʬͻһ̯ŧѪȻͲӰ
ұȷˣ¼鷳ģǼһɵˣû뵽ǻô죬ȫһֲ
һĹ򣬽ұом˿ңһΣǳУҿʼһԷҲŶüѵ˿նҴ߶ٰ˲˲ƶ˱𴦣ȻֱǡৡҸӦ˵ķն˹ȥ
һΣԷȻҲзһʱ̽߳סҵĽꡣ
ǲ֪ЩСձôģҲǿǵˣеĵҲ̫ˡ
һͻȻокü˿ٵĳ߿£ȻԷǽҵǿУҪеƱԸҡ
ܹоǱҲΧżˡ
ԳΪԸ⼸СձҲ̫ģ͸һ㣬Ҳ۾ÞųӦ˵Ĵڡ
ʱ䣬һкü˷˷ҸΧм䣬ͬʱҷ˽ѾǵΣǵĵովʱƾżٶȵĳΪһͻ˹ȥ䣬ʱһѪɽһձߵѪ֮С
ЩƾһȷܹγһĸţڶݵľŹ󣬵ҳʱ򣬱ҲҲûжô¡
˰ΧȦ̱֮߶ԦľͲľ֮ЩڰСձƶȥȻǣǲǿֻĲһܹסǵεġ
Ȼ¼ҴԺ֮УĲЩСձϲƶȥ
ܿ죬ұЩСձ˾ŵƺ֮
ΪΪʹԦľѾ¯࣬Ĳٶȼ죬ЩڰСձȫסˣǿʼеĳЩ
ʱҾҵĻˣƾЩζĲľͿԶ϶ǵķλҲϵĴ߶ٰ˲ЩסСձߣ䣬һСձȫնɱڽ¡
ЩСձҸɱ֮󣬺ܿ¶ֳʱѾһ߾ߵʬ壬Ȼʬ֮ð˰ɫһ̯̯ŧѪΪС


2526 
Ҳ֪ЩСձΪλôһɱ֮ữΪŧѪǾִڵİɱɣ±Щʬ֮Ϸʲôߣ˭ĻָʹģԲŻˡ
ҪҶԦľЩСձǲöԸ
һұ㽫ЩСձɱһ⣬ΧڳߵЩСձҲȫҸɵˡ
¼ҵЩ˸ҵΣٵƹһһ
ȻɲҵģЩСձֶȻΪȴһ㣬Ǽһȣѷɫ̫ࡣ
ȻСձңԲô򵥡
Ļﻹûг֣˵ĳǵһһ
˸ով£һԾɲʱͻȻĳطһЦű˹ƣЦ˵ȷһ֣ϷҲû뵽ôɱϷİɱߣһɰܰĸУҲġ
ҳһѭȥڳ¼ҴԺһ䷿ӵݶϣ˿վˣΪ׵һձߣͳձʿװͷһ٣һʿҹɫʣҿģվŵ˵Σһ۾˳
һǰҼļһɣһǼһɵĶӼۡ
ûв´Ļղ˵ǸձˣӦþʯˮᦹ糤ٺ棬ձи֡
Ѿģ졣
ӻ˵ҪܼٺĶ򣬹Ǳ߻û׼ӣƥ㲻Զǧĸ˹
һˣ˲ⶼҿ˳һۣɫӣ뿪չ˺ǵȫ⼸Сձˡ
СŸ磬Ҫһ𣬸ղ˿϶Ǽٺ棬һ˶Ը˵ġ켱
ߣǶˣϽȥˣүǵ飬κˡҼ
첢ûתͷܼҺƵ䣬֣صܼңȥҽˣСŸ硣
С㣬⡭Ǵܼһݵ˵
ϽߣҵĻ㶼ôü΢
ǵģС㡣˵ţǴܼҴһȺ˿ٵ˳ȥ˳˵ϱۡ
ȴܼҺƵ˸һ뿪Сձݶ֮һԾ£˹
ڵƹ֮£ڿǸձߵģͷȥѾˣݾݵģƤڣһ˫۾â䣬һĪϴڣҵѹмҸүķ緶Сձĸ֡
£Ϸ˵Ҫãû뵽ôɣһɿңٺЦ
û뵽û뵽һ㾹Ȼеӹǲ֪ô΢Ц˵
˵ͬʱҳٴϸɨһۣǼ۵ϣ˿һƤӣװıǾתݡ
ղҲҴˣתݸոսҽƵУûůȺСձУû뵽ǻô졣
˸£游ٺڴˣҴձ۹ĸ֣㻹Ǽֺ˵
üһһ˹ĻҪǽҽ˸ɱˣǽǼһҸնˡ
һ֮أܳʲô֣ǵǻ֮꣬㻰£СүǰţȣСүǲɣҹɵ˵
ˣ֮ǰ֮ǵľתݣ߿ңӥ˵
ҪҽתݱǻĵģôǵأЦ˵
㲻Ҫǿʶ㣬ڼ֮ǰҵֵܼǻĴҽѩʱǲϵĻĸֵ֣ܸɱģһɳ
ҸɵģôΣҺη˵
ðԭ͸йڣǹҪԼ֣ǹ㣿һɵ
˭Ҫ˭һأΪһ϶ܹһĵҫб¾ͷСү¹˭ҵ˵
ס˱ɱֵܵǰеһǵľץݣԣɱɡһɿߵ
ٺ˵ͷĽĳ˳ǰѳѩѩģ¹⣬͸©һɭ֮
ͷĳһұ֪һѲɶõıСձĲ˵취ֶλһġ


2527 ǧն
ɱҶӣұҼټƲұѪȥĶӣаɡ˵Уٺ㽫еĳ׼ҡ
ͷһīԵЩӲǽҪ˼˳
ٺ˷ǷĴۣݣɱˣѵµӦò١
ţҲеķһ򵥵ʽ
ܹоٺΪĺǿһһʦǱʡ
һ򵥵Ķ㽫еƶչ˳ɱʵʣҹ
ѹɽһѹָоһصһҪǿʢ֡
û뵽СձȻǿߣһΪٺ涥һ㣬СӢۡ
һеĽ֮ǽ֮âת˸ҷ˵֮
ٺ۾һѿڶһ
游ѽȷܲһ㽫ɱˣܲܽѽ͸ǼЩ̰ĿеĽ˵
ӣѽǷƷһǸ˽һĴڣɱѽҲһսᣬͲҪˣȻصձ游ٸһõĽٺ浭˵
˵ͷһձͷˣȻһ۾ܹѽһ㣬ƳͷԲһ
ͷ˵ⷬ۶ʱһʧѼӷһ
ҿ˼ٺձйɱѪҲ޲ڵͷķҲѽϵӦòٰɡ
ٺ̵һЦ˵۹⻹ǲģҴձ۹Ľдǹٵʱ򣬹ǻĵѽµı㲻֮ڣ֧ˣڻնɱ˲һǧˣѵɱ֧ģû뵽ʮ֮ãѵֿ֧˵ѪˣѾЩˡ
һ䣬ٺζһеĳ죬ڷİһ㣬ͷһ
ҶڼٺдûĴ漸־η֮ģϾձнʦĸ֡
ǵ˵еѽɱô໪֮еķŭ֮˲ͱȼˡ
ԭǰСձԻĵıУôɱô໪ˣɱɱˣµһҫһûжǰҫôǳ衣
һɱ˲գ۵Ĺ֣һķѪծ顣
ؼڻö˶˵ĻţЩԩ֮µ϶Ŀ
ðҪΪѵµ걨ˣһߣԶǼʮȥˣҪ
ٺǰɣҾҪѪ쵱㵶µĻ꣬ҲֻõѪҲϴˢ㵱그µˡŭ˵
ˣʮǰҲвһ֧˸˵ⷬϷĵ꣬ӦøеʮңܹҼٺϣʲô˶ٵġٺ΢Ц˵
СŸ磬һɱҲǰָŭˣһɱ֮Ȼ
ŭǻһȼգҲûбŭͷԡ
ĸ֣ұ侲вأС
һ˲䣬˫׽ɱԿ಻׵ľ룬⻥һԭضתŲ˽Ų׵ľתȦӡ
Եĸ֮УƴɱģǱԷӦԼĻᣬͬʱҲӦŶԷ
㣬Ƕ˶˲ӵĹ⾰Ȼ̽ԵĹ˼С
⼸жܼ򵥣˼΢ġ죬̽̽ʵ̽ԷʽΪ
Ȼڶݵ֮̽˵ʽ籩һѸޱȵʩչ˳
ĵ͡ɴ䡢
ĵܿ죬ľΪ򵥵ʽҲɱ
ڿĵıȽᡣ
ĵҼģû֮һĵ󿪴ϣƴۻ쳣һҲˮûʲôС
ٺ·ȫ첻һ̫ˣкܶ࣬ʵʵʵʵ飬ѱ档
ʱǵ죬ʱ֮ǰһź޾ľ㺳ڶߣ˴Լٺһ޷Ŀ־С
־ͬҲҵϣҶ㺡


2528 
˵ģҵΪǰٺ棬ҲѷӰ֮½ʧȥģǿ־һһĥɾ
ٺеӦܹһָĿ־㺣նڵ֮֮ǰеĿ־嶼ɵѵ֮Уʹںһ𣬴ӶܹӰ쵽ƴĵˡ
ѵɱԽ̺࣬ľͿ־㺾Խ࣬⵶ͳΪһħ
ͨˣ뼴Ƿǰǿҿһ۵ģ˵ˣɢϢͻ˸е
ŸٺƴѵҵӰҲӵǿüΣٺĵҵϣһ亹
ٺĵһΪǸߵĿ£ټеѵֱǾ䡣
Ĳ˵⵶һ֡
ĸҲ˵
Уұʮֵľ˿֮䣬Ȼƴ˲ڰУĵ⽣Ӱųĵݡ
ǵ滹ǽϣǵĵͽնһĿĵѺ۳һƬǽ壬ʯɣҺͼٺα˴ش
ǿɱռƴǼһɻǳ춼޷ġ
ڸٺƴʱ򣬼һɺͼѾ˳죬ǸӶһͬԸӡ
ȻӵʵСʱߣһֱûô֣ⲢΪʵһֱڸӣǰչʾԼǿһʾΪ˵ϳ
սǸӶˣҲ·硣
ʵǼһɵΪǺܲģֻǰҸոոսһķҸ߰˸ǸӶ֣Ҳռʲôˡ
ҸٺƴʱԼоӰζǼһɹʼʩٴʩչ˷Ը죬ӺһѻƶóԼĿҵķšɱһʿƾðҪǼһɶܶ౶
ߣб˰ܺɫĻܶһЩɫ˰߷˹Ǽٺ˹ȥ
˰ڼٺӰν΢΢ϺֳܿһŵİһĹâЩǻһķţЩ˰һǲâ˲Ϩûнӵֶη
ڸٺƴͬʱַҲǷ׷˳ҪõıԦľͲľ֮õ֮ϿٵĲżٺϲƶȥ
ֶֻΣӰҲǺܴһն֮ϱһĹ֣ǻĲĸ֮з˳
ЩĲסĽףǲ㵭İɫâҲ˲ή
Ҳ㲻ףٺƵʲôҴֵİɫâ֮ϸܵŨⶼҴûнӴֶΡ
ֻǲֶʩչٶܹԼٺһӰ졣
ǼٺҲԽսԽ£ԽսԽ˷ܣ˵ˣϷҵʱĸоҵһԸϷϼٻغϵĸˣ
Ҳøϻһл㾦ȥűһ绢ն˹ȥ
ҳǬ˱һģСȸٻ˳
ΪҾüٺϰŵǲŨСܹ֪ɶ˵⹦
Сһ֣ܶʱĵǼٺոǼ콣ʱҺСͬʱżٺ˹ȥ
Ҽٺ浶ƴСһɺɷżٺϲƶȥ
˸£Ȼϵ壡ٺЩ߳ŭ˲òϵȣͻȻıĵּֿĳտһ
һΪͣýסһмһһֻвϻеĽ꣬Щһĵȥ
һĬһ£ϼһһȴ˾ŵ磬ÿһǰһѸͣʵǿ
ڽұƳͬʱǼٺٵһӡԼ˹ȥ
ұ㿴СһɺɷƮɵҵߣΡ
ҿȣеСȣû˵ɣ
ûССȳ΢΢һЦͷһ촽ʮ˵СŸ磬ҳԵĺñǸͷϵʬŨ


2529 ϵ
㾹Ȼͯ
ٺ濴ߵСȣЩԾ˵
ҳϿȥƵǲصʬǱ˲١
ĺձֶδвͬ׻˵úãͬڣȻЩзŽзһĿĺ÷ȴ࣬СֹڻĽСձƾͽͯɡ
ҲûٺǼٺȴ۾һۣâէ֣˵еĻҪѲ࣬ΪϷǴûģǵһ
ɿ佱ǿҿҲ뿪طЩѪծҪѪٴξеĽָ˼ٺ档
ٺһЦ˵ˣ̫ˣΪȻǻϷĶ֣Ϸ͸ƣҴձֶΣ
˵ţٺͻȻһͻȻ뵳һŰɵĹȻŰɵĹͻȻɳһƬɫĺųǵһ㡣
ٺĶһϵͽܵӡ
ùƵĸ֣ܲѣͨЩѱữ綾ޱȵĶɫɷǺÿ㱻һֻһڣо綾
֪ٺóֶǲڵӵĹƶ֮ʩչֶγɲҵģæջһϣҺСȵǰ档
ЩӼٺ֮зİɫһȦŻһİɫķâͳ˹
Щɫĺ˲ͻһɱһһϣоû˿谭׾ٵıϡ
һĻд󾪣æż⣬˼
ţұ߶콣ǻʽһ֮һӽ֮˳ֱЩɫķâȥ
ЩɫĺһƵϣû˿ʧӭ泯ҽȥ
ҵǲЩɫճһŻҽΪޡ
ʱͻȻоһϮ磬һ̣඼˳
ʱ׹ղżٺųЩɫУɱбЩɫĺ棬еĽûüջأұ㿴һҫ۵İ׹⳯Ͽ
ǡʱҽżһҪٰ˲ֶζ
ʵҲûмְգ֪Լܲܶ㿪ٺΪŪңһп϶Ҳˡ
ȻʱͻȻһɫĹâХӵһۿǼٺĵҪҵϵʱĵͻȻı˷򣬳ǵĽâն˹ȥá顱һ죬âʱ˲Զһǽϣǽ涼һ
һ˲䣬ҿɳ֮æٰ˲˿ȥ
߸һվ˼˵ĽŲͷȥʱ򣬶ʱпϲ
СһͰչǾϵ֮⣬׾˿ٵɢǼٺΧ
ϻһôˣҼ˵
аСţܵĺ¶ҲֵһԼˬ죬ѽȥǸձͷĺܰջϽ𲧣´һۼٺ档
СŸ磬ǽ֪ͨǣʱ򣬽ӸǴ绰˵߿ΣգǵַǾɻ˹һ·ϣܹո֡
һţȻҲ˼ٺ棬ҵСŸ磬ձͷ˭ĸϷƵġ
ձʯˮᦹ糤ٺ棬ųձĸ֣֮ǰѩʱһСձңɱǲٻĵߣǸһ䣬ٺĶӡҽ͵
ôģⶼʲôˣСձܵǻĵĵҫʮǰɱǶٻˣﶯǹģǲǻˣչŻ𾫳һɱĿ˼ٺ档
ڻĴɱҶģǼ˶в룿ٺųһһɨǼһۣ˵
ǼڣôСձŵİܵĵĵҰΪأ߾ߣҪˡŭ
úúáȻǶڣϷͲһһȥˣͽȫɱˣΪҶ𣡡˵Уٴξеĳ


2530 Ӧ
ûʮİսٺǵȰչһǶ֮ҵĶʱүģֵǶڣһʲôõĵģһһ֣滹û¹˭
ֵս߾ҪˣſϵķҲȫ˳ǼٺŰΧ
ǼٺɨֵܼһۣͨųӦҲ֪˲ǺöԸģÿһ˵Ϊʮǿϱֳ֮
ľеĳĿңȻһΣ㳯ն˹
ҪеʱûϼһͻȻ·ı˷ֱӳǿǱɱ˹ȥϼһǹģֻǴԵɨһۣܹٵķֱ֮ΪĻڳǼ˵УǿΪ΢ôһϼһסȸɵģһصĴ
ȴû뵽ǿ߻վһŮˣգһСϲսһλǾ׵ĳԱǷ޶˺һǾʮǿ
ٺҪǿһɱʱǿպܿͷӦ˹ѽͬʱ̽һһأϵ˿Ϸ죬Ǽٺûκοɳ֮
ʱǼҲͬʱżٺ涯֣ҵĽ꣬չĻ𾫳һǧƻлеϽ𲧣һͬżٺк
ۿ㷨Ҫڼٺϵʱ򣬼ٺͻȻһƮֱԭʧˡ
һҲǼһùСձʮһзš
ȻҶⷨѾʮϤˣϻȴһһĲ˼顣
Ҳأƾʧˣ
ȼٺӰһʧֵ̱ע˰СձһﾡÞųӦΧı仯ƾ۾ǿģѾԹˡ
һ˵˱㾯׷׻Ϊǣ˴Ϊ˴סţҲԻӦ
ղżٺЩţʱ򣬱ն˳¼Һü˵ֱۣûҲ˵ķλٺһ͸ˣ֮ǰЩصĻҪÞųӦʱ򣬻ܹӦЩձԺ֮еټҞųȫʱ򣬳˸ӦǼ֮⣬ܶһƬޡ
ٺƾʧһӦκδڡ
⡭ôҲ̫ˡ
ҷʱ򣬱㳯ϻǿһۣǱԵûҪ֣̿Ͼǻң֮ǰûнӴ顣
СšأųҲӦһֻϽһֻŽħƣЩŵ˵
ż϶Ժһ߾衣Ž꣬ʼ˰ٲϵֶΣֶοԷԷΪϸСǶԷҪǣ϶Ҫ߶ģֻҪ߶϶ᷢ
ٲϵֶһóҺܿ㲶׽һ˿ϸ΢죬ǽżŵĶҪվڲԶһ
һСģߣҴһ
һֱһʱһ죬ͬʱһߵǧƶʱһ㣬ڰļٺ˹ȥ
ħ棡ٺ淢˾ŵĵͺ֮Ųʱǧ׷żٺ׷ᣬʱǿɳ֮
˲䣬ͬʱٵĳǧ׷ķ˹ȥʱ㷨ϣȫżٺ˹ȥ
չڻ𾫳ɫķһ˶Ļ泯ǧ׷ķ˳ȥҲ֪һ˵ֶ˵˼ٺ棬һƺ֮󣬽һֳܿȻٺһδǵĞųӦʧˡ
ٺٴβʱٴκһ˷صļơ
ȻƬ֮ĳһطͻȻֽƮ˵ϣһŰڶźͷձŮչǵߡ
ȥǼһʹõֶΡʽ
һձŮ۾ʱ͵ԲˣһģҵСţСձɶǲձСɫǣһǲ·ɣ
ޣĵͦ϶СձɱУչŻ𾫳˵
չ˵ĲСձһֶνʽ֮ǰҸӽ֣µǻɱ֮УʮֲֿҪСˡ
˵УͷձСŽż⳯ƲǵΧ


2531 
һձС椣æǬ˱еĶʦָ˳˵ϣʽ»ôԾǶʦֵĲˡ
ٺ֮ԽʽųԲԸô򵥣Ҳʽӣʽ񷢶ʱһʽһԸǡ
һСģ˻һ飡
ҵĻû˵꣬ЦеձСͻȻζγ߷Ѿ׼ٰ˲ˣȻһֱվĬСȴͻȻһϲľٶͻȻһɺɷҵǰ棬Ǹʽ˹ʱСֱɺɷʽסˣһǸʽʱô
Ǹ򵥣ϻֱӽϽ𲧸˳ǼȫסˣϽϵʱʽȻײĹȥ֮̾Ϊֹ
ײǷϷˡ顱죬ΧĽâʱ͵һ£ڷ֮еҲ˺üˤڵء
ҿʲô߸оһ״գʱǼٺ濿֮ڵľ֮ҲܹеĸӦĴڡ
֮ڵķΧڼٺĶ˵㲻ʲôԷΪ΢һЩһȥҪͷء
ٺҲǸߵһľ磬ֻôľ룬ҲܸӦĴڡ
һȻҲûаֵܹסٺɱУֻƾֱӻӳһһҸ׼ˣٺĵٴκͽײһһ̣ٴ֮в
ֶֹΣͷ۲ѣٺΪҲͰˣϼһﻹֲñ֮ΪСձĸֶ֣Σûмܹס
һҲ޲ߣֻнŵŽ꣬ĵȴżٺһεĳ֡
СȲסǸʽ񣬸ҲãʱʦͻȻűСסǸʽ˹ȥڶʦϾҪ嵽ʽߵʱСȲɺɷȻʦֱײʽϣͷųĻ棬ʽ˲͸ȼˣܻȼʽ񷢳һҺܿ컯һŻҽ
ҹţÿһʽ֮жӦýһ꣬ڹһĴڣĵԽߣʽɱҲԽ󣬼ٺͷųһʽҪȼһɵָࡣ
ڣǼ˻еϽ֮УҵǸʽСȺͶʦָˣʽųײ˼λϣÿһζ죬жѾ˵ϣ˷𾭣һάϵļԣʽʼ޷ͻơ
ʽת˷򣬷Χǣֱӳ߶
СȺͶʦһʽ񣬶ʱҲֱվҵңʽͼٺ͵Ϯ
ѾģǼڻеڹﵹˣһԸٺʽеӵˡ
Ȼ䣬ʽͬʱ˹һΣƾʧ絶ն˹ʦһԪ֮СٴλɺɷܣҲ˽꣬żٺٴ͵Ϯ
ȻʽһҷʱǼٺһεûĳҵߣֱӳһһɰĵ糯ն˹Ҳ꼤Ϊ貵ĵزâת˸ƾŸоӲǽ˼ٺһ
ֻǼٺһͬһ󾢶ӲҽסһУǵصĵ糯ն
һʽӲһҲ赽˼£ȴûжһ磬һҼϲ˹ȥһӣʱѪע
ûƺ߳ٺͻȻֳֳһ˿ЦҲ׵ľ룬һֱҵؿڴ˹
ˣôľ룬ٺһɱ
ȻǼٺոֳʱȻ䣬һϤ
ƺ׷
Ʊɫ֮䣬ͷ֮ͻȻ뵳һŽɫĹâһͷ˵֮ȻһӲӵĹâǼٺ涵ͷ
ҲһǿԸѪĸһԸǼٺҲųЧ
һŽɫĹâڼٺϵʱҿٺ¶ޱ𾪵ı飬ȻûԤϵǻ
Ǽٺ˲վԭزҶˣһʱˣٲָʱ


2532 ƽ֮
ǿʩչƺ׷ʱ򣬱ҷʱ
Ƿ޶˸˵ƺ׷ʽȻܽ˶ԭأǿԽ֮˵ΪͷɫĹâʱ򣬱֮ǲԶģһˣˡ
ԣǼٺһɲǼ䣬ҪһɱʱͻȻȻֹˡ
ΪҲоˣϵĿ֮
һˣһѪҪ
ƺ׷ֶβ̫ܳãҲͼӵʱ䣬ԵĸΪԽǿʱԽ̡
ӵʱ䣬˵ܶˡ
˲ͷӦ˹ѾģСձţСүôʰ㡣
һ̣붼û룬һ㳯ǼٺԴȥǽǲӣӵĻȻشΪ𣬲ӵĻԴ϶Ҫҡ
ʱǼٺ϶Ҫӵģеĳʱײһ
һЧ˳ѷײһ֮Ǽٺɫʱͨ죬ŲżһſڣһѪ˳һҵϡ
һе֣Ȼǲƣ϶ˣҲԳʤ׷϶ˡ
ٴ׷ʱ򣬼ٺͻȻһΣٴʧ֮УͻȻͲˡ
ҽŲһ٣ٴοٺʱ򣬷϶˶ʮ֮ĵط
ʱļٺǰձ˫ͬʱ˷ͻȻЩ̫ԾˣҴϿӰʱ׹ϼһҪʲôˣӼһһ㣬ҪʩչǷ
ʮ˸ٺ棬˵֮£ҪŪҲһ
ұǰֹѾˣڼٺߣͻȻԳһģһļٺ棬ͬʱ˹ÿһٺ濴ȥһģһ˫۾ҪѾģٺϼһ϶Ƿˣ˵֮£ҪʩչƴһҲҪҸŪĽࡣ
Щһģһļٺ泯˹ŻķϿ񱼶ȥһ߱һߴϻҴһӣҽȥҲסˡ
ҳŻǱ߱ȥͬʱҲСȺͶʦָٻ˹һͬȥǷ֮жܣʢŭ֮µļٺ϶ɱɱ񣬽ȻҲ·һ
ҵ֮͸Ҵһӡ
ʯ֮䣬Ҵ߶ٰ˲ŶʦֺСһǷ֮С
ǰŸսȥæ˷ϣǼٺЩҲϵϸŰΧеĳ㳯һͿ
òķϣʱЩҡҡ׹âʱҲЩ޹⡣
ڵϣҲһζɫ࣬һҰףѵ˵缸ˣæάַϣһ˶סǶˣһˣ
էһٺŪЩȫȦˣһɫ
˿̿ҡҡ׹ķϣ׷Ԯ֣ŷ֮УŻйͬάϡ
ۿϾҪӰ֮еϽ𲧣˵ĺ֮£ٴνâ˸һССġܣ˸
ǼٺʮǷһƴĳŷϿеҲܵĪѹ
СŸ硭ٺô¶һ˾Ȼʮ˸һģһΪҲ࡭ôģǿŵʵ
СձķڴɽѩʱǸùһУɽ˶סˣֶʮ˵ãҪһŪף˵ǵʱͱˡɫ˺ܶ࣬ǿ͵
ûʲôƽ֮ü΢ҲЩŵʵ
ҪȻһףСձһ٣ǿӿڵ
СǲɵСձôǽǸһˣչЩƵ˵
ǿִٵһЦ˵Ұˡ
ôԸٺʱͻȻһ飬æ͸ϳ濴ȥ˼ٺЩ֮⣬Ҳһˡ
ӺͼһɻмԭҲԺƴղҵעȫ˼ٺϣ̫ˣȴӵ飬ȥңȻҲˡ


2533 
Щ԰һֱȫĵĶԸٺ棬ҶԸٺʱ򣬳һʰһɺͼۡ
ҳ濴ȥʱֻмٺʮ˸ȴҲСձˡ
ٺΪ̫ߣԸʱһֱҵģҲֲȥܱģϻķ֮УԴϢʱȴҲҲСձˣ
أ
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һ뵽вɵЩ
Ҹ뵽һʱļٺײĸһЩٴαҡҡ׹ȫϻάϣǸоЩ֧Ųס
˲ⶼЩˣһٵʮ˸ײǼ˶Ҫ
СŸ磬ЩСձӴʱ䳤һЩûʲô취Сձķչһŷһ߽ʵ
ٴνǼٺʮ˸֮ϣϸһ£˵еУð죬֮ǰҶԸʱ˸˵һʮ˸֮УһǼٺֻҪٺſ£ٺķ᲻ơ
չɨһȦļٺķǸоҪ˳ƵСŸ磬㿪ЦأЩٺķһģһֱ治ǷֱҲܳȥɱķһȥ㱻ʮ˸Ͻɱˡ
չ˵Ҳ룬ô죿
ѵţżٺĸɾʮ˸ٺϲһˣ
ǵȲˣٺǷһĽѾҡҡ׹оʱҪӡ
˸о޼ƿʩʱͻȻ䣬һֱڵϵĻе˵а취ܹҵٺҵˣСű취ķ𣿡
˵ţϻ߿һۡ
һ£Ҳаһҧ˵ãȰҵٺʣµ취
Ȼ䣬кһģȷе˵ǱһƵģȻһգһׯϵɫ˫ڵϣһ΢΢˫Ŀ΢ţʼ˷𾭣۲У࣬Ǽ˵һзһзǽ⣬ǰԱռţȡ޼ԿռǷ𡭡
Żз𾭵һ޷״ķׯ֮ӻӿĳӶȥ
ԭҡҡ׹ķϣȻļࡣ
֮ǰżٺЩϾҪƷϣأԶео֮Ժ󣬺ҲͻȻࡣ
򻨺еĿ⣬Ҳ˳羴֮⣬˵ģϻͻȻģҾȻһҪĤݵĳ嶯
һʼֻǻһз𾭵Żз𾭵ԽԽҸоֱʮз𾭡
ֹƬ̣˷ȫǻз𾭵죬عĵڶǻ
Ҳļʯһ㣬ǼٺķҵĳײҲ˿δ
ˣз𾭵ֱӳ˷ϣ˹ȥ
ЩϳײļٺķɲͣɫҲϻ֮ǰ˵ܹһǼٺķһҲûзĸ
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬰չͻȻ˵СŸ硭㿴һЩ̫
չѣæٴĹһۣȻûзʲôԵĵط
չŸҽ͵СŸ磬㿴ߵٺķĶĳٶ˲١
˳Űչָķȥϸ˵Ǹһۣ˵Щ̫һķھŷŷǸŲЩģʱ򻹻ͣλԴȻٴξеķ
СŸ硭ϻõֶڣĳһϵʱܲĸţ־ܵصĴٺŪЩ϶ܵϻڵĸţ϶ǿסģǸԵóٶ۵ļٺ棬пǼٺһһѵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵֪ˣʣµͽҰɡ
˵ұеĽ꣬ٵ˵֮еʼ߶콣һУǱǷ죡
ָ˲񷣬âͷ֮϶ʱܲ˺һһ֮Ŵӽ֮ϱ˳


2534 л
һһֱڵϣŷ𾭵ĻбͻȻ۾߿Ȼһָָͷ֮ϣǻͷ֮ϵϽ𲧵һʱֿһڣڸһ򿪣֮зӡŵӽ֮һԾֱȥڲ֮Ϸݣŵݺᡣ
ԭȫΧϵļٺ棬ʮ˸ͣеĶ׷̧ͷͷϿȥһ̣ǵ沿ֵı޿״϶ܵǿɱ
ʱ䣬ʮ˸ٵľ£һ۳һˣ֮ٺٴζ֮УҪӶݶȥˡ
Ȼʱ򣬻ٴ˷𾭣ֺ룬Ժ֮УŽٿŰ֮ңܹоγɵһǿһ죬ȻϽ𲧵ʼССġd֣ܷ費
ոնڰļٺ淢һƺߣӦܵ𷨳ײԴһ˵˵ϣȻٴĵҪٵ뿪
ʱңиʱ
죡
һȣޱ޼ʵķŭһ뵽ղżٺ˵ԼеǰѵɱһĳɰǧˣеɱŨĻīˮҲΪһЩ
ͷ֮ϵ֮ڸܵеŭ֮ҲһŭӰ֮и£Ǽٺ˹ȥ
¡һ죬֮Ȼײ˵֮ϣ涼ҳһӳȻϯǼٺɵ˰֮С
˷׷̧ͷŰ֮пȥ
Ҳͣо֮Ͻ𲧣̧ͷͷ֮ϵ
Ը֮µļٺ棬Ҫ̫Ĺʮʱ䲻ûں֮㻯һâ߷˹˽֮С
ոջع飬һӰӰ֮еݺݵˤ˵ϡ
ŻͦԶұ㿴ٺһ˫ľ춼ʮԶ
㣬Ҳҵģ׷׿첽żٺķ˹ȥÿ˵лŷ
ʱ˱Χ£˼ٺߡ
Сձųձĸ֣ǱִĳûƢ
ȻûҲûʣ¼ˣѪڵϲֹ˺һŲΡΡŴӵȻһſڱһѪٴι˵ϡ
ٺ棬ɱǻôˣܵһУӦõıӦҿ
ٺңһЦѪ˳ǻ䡣
ҡǴձ۹ʿǴġ
˵ţٺڵǰմѪħ
ˣҪ£бҪô
Ȼ䣬ұ߶˺ϴ辭ȫǣϵëſ
ԤϵĶʱŻ˻кһǣ׷˳һξ롣
Ҳ֪˺ϴ辭һʵҲײϵġ
Ƭ֮˺ϴ辭㱻Ҵ߶ϵʯ׷˰֮б˿Ȼǿֲӵ˼ٺߣԭڵļٺ͵ǰһ㣬˵˵ϣһץһɿֲ֮㳯żٺ˹ȥ
ʱļٺ棬ͱǼڵĲģˣܵ˷ǿҵıѾûκλ֮ձͷ֮ŲƣǱץס˲ӣһ˫۾ҲĶңɱҵĻѾ֮һٱ鶼ֹˡ
Լٺղŵ֮ԭǳŲסıģҹһ֣ɥ
˵ʵٺΪĸ֮кܲĴڣҪϣԸһصһеһƴ
ٺ涯һܵĻҾƥҲռʲôˡ
ٺ棬ɱǻôˣһɱ˵Ĺ֣Сү㣬йֻ⣿ҳʵ
ٺ淢һЦǲϵĵѪҺѪҺ䲻ϣ㱻˺ϴ辭ֽˡ
ûУϷûаֻ⡭ֻǺûɱǸ֧ˣǾǵ͵ȼļһĴڣҪȻô֧ɱҰɡҴձʯˮᦹ񹬵ȵȡŹġ͵ȴųҴձߵŭɡǻὫʬΡ
ҳȫ㣡˺ϴ辭ٶȳȡżһϵΪ


2535 ͷѰ
ٺ潫Ҹ׵ļŭˣҲȥƽʲôˣҲɱ˼ٺ棬Ժ϶ҵ鷳һݣֱӽŪԺСձ鷳Ǿ˵ˡ
оǣٺΪĺܲΪɵˣҵΪҲдȵʲôڣٺɡ
˺ϴ辭ϳȡżٺϵΪϼһΪȷʮֻ񣬺üӹȥˣһܹоȵΪԴԴϵĳҵĵӿ
Ǽӹ󣬼ٺ֧ŲסˣϵƤٵˮɱ׺ݵҲתĿ־塣
Ḷ́ԳܵģǼӲٺ棬Ҳǳηġ
Ͼÿ˵ֻһΣ˺ϴ辭˵壬Ҫһɵġ
ֹƬ̣ٺѾӽ;ƿݣҲûи͵ҵ֮ˣҵҲ֮ɫ죬ƺҪ˵Щʲô˵ûˣԴһᣬֱӾˡ
ˣҲδưոݣһֱǼٺң֮󣬲˺ϴ辭Ĺųһʱһɡ
˼ٺ棬˲ŷ׷Χ˻˷ĩ״ļٺź
СձҲǹԵģΪôǿúõĴձôҪԶǧͷҲ޿κΰкɵ˵
СŸ磬ٺѵǵΪ˸Ӽ䱨𣬲Ź鷳𣿡һʵ
ûи˵ʲô𣿡ҿһ
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ҵ񴩹һٴγԺɨһۣûҵһ˵¶ʱٸ˵ɣӲˣһҵ˵ղڶԸٺʱһ˶ԸٺĶӺӣʲôա
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ҡҡͷʾ֪ȻһͷҰɣһɺͼ۵ΪҲҵӻԿ
Сţ԰һһӽеô飬鲻ȥԭǹ͵͵ˡмЦ˵
ϻүϽȥҰɣĥˡҵ
˿ٵķɢŴԺߵķ˹ȥԺӣñ¼ҴԺʱͻȻСغү
һ£ס˽ŲͷȥԺһһ䷿Ӵˣи̽Դ˿죬Ӧǳ¼ҵˡ
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ǰ㿴ȥ𣿡Ҽ
ˣ֮ǰҿǼСү׷ձ˷Ժǽȥˣһŵ濴һۡ˵
ллˣ͹ȥǣѾ̫ƽˣõġҵ
ӦһҪ˵ЩʲôѾ߶ٰ˲һΣԺǽ档
˵ķλһ·׷ȥһ׷һ߾룬ΪʲôһɺͼˣǳүүæүԸһɸ˿϶Ǵ´ࡣ
ʱǼٺ汻ҲסҲ޷ǸӶˣǴ򲻹ӣֻѡܡ
Щ飬һ·׷ȥ·
¼ҴԺԶܻǻɽҰ룬ʲô˼ң׷һƬСֵʱ򣬺ܿ˲Զ˽Ųæס˽Ųʵʲôˣ
СŸ硭ҡǺ˹
һϲæ׷˹ȥܿ㿴ͳ࣬Ա߻һˣǼһɣѾסˣѺĵĳ˹
һ£æʵôֻ׽˼һɣǼȥˣ
ܵˡЩʧ˵
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ӣʱЩӣһΪܣƴסǵȥ·ϷѾͷȥ׷ǼȴװžתݵĺӶ˺Ѿͷ˳ˮˣûȥ׷Ǽۣ˺ｫӸȥ׷ʱѾҲˡ


2536 ƽĻ
ӹΪ˼ۣһҵ񶼳Ρ
ȻҲδϣǼ۲ܣү˳֮ǰǸʯˮᦹ˿϶Ҳ֪ȥү˵Ǳ߿϶Ҳ
ǸչǿǴһ绰ȥ֪ͨѾҵˣȥ׷
ȻҲߵӵߣ˵ӣǾתҵûУСӵĵ˵תݴȡ˳
ҴӲ鿴ˣתݻڣʱҺүү׷ıȽϼûʱ佫תȡԲСŸ磬Ұ˸׷ˡЩε˵
˾˰ɣֻҪתݻھͺáҿο
ôšҸ׼ٺأסļһĿңһŵʵ
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һ۾˲ͺˣǷ˷Ķһ㣬ֱ˳үӵ֣һųײ˹ݺݵ˵Ҫɱ㣬ҺѪ⣡
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չһ£ɻСŸ磬Ҫ
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СŸ硭Ҹղż˼ٺĵͦģҪûҪҾˡǿٺһЦʱǰǼٺĵ˹
˵ǿСǲռ˵ķ񫰡һ˵ĽţμٺĵҲҪ
ֻҪǺ÷ҶϲСŸ磬ǵ˻ңҪղءǿЦ˵
ҽӹǰѼٺĵſһۣѵѩѩģָоʮֳأҰһЩڵ֮ϣħȻһأԶҪѳȥһ㡣
ȷһѺõ⵶Ѿˣ뱻Ⱦָһ˻òⷨ
Һܿ콫һȫע˵֮ϣǵٴһ֮Ϻâһʱͣ
⵶ҲҪ˭ãƾڵΪܹסħġ
żٺĵҿ˼һɣȻӣ⿪
΢ԥһ£ҵʮּᶨǽٺϵ⿪ˡ
ٺû뵽һôһ£˵ʲô
һɣСձǶʲôʿôڸһƽĻᣬҲһѩ޵Ļᣬıȫʩչ˵һƤë뿪Ҫ˲ңǲ˼ǲŴ뿪ġ˵ţұ㽫ٺǰѵżһ˹ȥ
һһֱסǰѵǰùĵҲһմȾĶŮѪ
ǰħļһɣԵΪǰħ˵һͨǶСձ˵ʲô
һ֮Ǽһɲ¾ѵҵ£ǳлһλᣬˣҲ˿棬ɱҵĸ׺ֵܣҾҪеѵ˽ΪǱ𣡡
ʲôʽʩչɣʱ䲻ˡҵ˵
һɵı鿪ʼûɱĶǰħӣʼδ鷢ˣСձȻǰѵһ²ԼС⵶ǰȥӺʱ˶һ
ҲСձʲô۶ӣ


2537 Ѫ
һͻȻٶʱǼ˶һ˶׷׺˼֪һڸʲô
ô˵Ѿ˼һһĻᣬûսʤҵģҲɣ
ͶûУձнķˮġ
һС֮󣬼һɿҵһĨζڳЦѪӿ˵ϣˣһɲûͣС֮еĳôһڡһ죬Ѫ˳
ͬʱһɿ߶߶ʲôһ㣬ҲձһҲ
˷ľٶǼȫˡ
һвŵСţСձʲôилʰɣҿСձһս˶ô˵ʲôΪЧңǸɵȱһǵܿƵġ
ûлش𻨺еĻĿһֱżһɣҪܸʲô۶ӳȻ˵˸ᣬǾһᣬ˵еʱҲվһҴС
ˣҲ֮Σ
ֹƬ̣СձǰձԼСֺһ
һˣӶС˳䵽˵ϣжʱɢһɴ̱ǵѪζ
ܾ꣬ʹܣŪôѪȣԼˣһôѪҲ˰ɣ
Ȼȴ֣СձȻиһֱûţ߶߶Ҳ۾һĨѪɫˡ
Ƭ֮ǼһڽСеĳİ˳һΣͻȻһЩ쳣ԭٺǰħǱѪеģմѪ֮ѪҺܿ˳ŵڵϡ
һΣǰħ֮ϲûеѪǷˡ˿˿죬ȼٺͽȫγʱħȻϵѪȫɵˣɵ˼һѪĳʼһźɫѪâͱˡ
Ȼ䣬ǰħ֮ϴޱȿֲɱ֮
ƣڳ˶һ޲׷׺
СšСˣСձ϶ڶʲôаѵ
аϷƵзţѪʱԼѪеķ¶Ҹ˵ģڼʮǰСձӵʱǾһ翹ձߣʱĵļ߰ΧˣĿܣǲаһ߶ḳǰѷԼ־һͬھʱʮֲңʮи֣ѪǸСձɱ߰˸ղűɵһʮȫǲҪĴ򷨡үӿǼһɣЩֵ˵
ȥСţСձƴˣϻˣһϣʬΡ˵ţֱϽ𲧣ҪǼһɵȥ
һֹ֣˻еľٶ˵ҼȻӦ˼һɣһĻᣬԲʳԶʣ˺ɣܸ㶨
˵Ҳٶԣ׷ҺͼһΧһԲȦ֮С
ȻǶûж֣ҿȫ˷һԾԾԵģһʲô㲻ģǿ϶һϵġ
˸ո˳ȥ֮ǼһͻȻһĹЦ֮еħħ֮ѪӼһС֮лѪڵϣǱеħǣϱɡ
һ̣ħļһɣ˲Ų˽Ų˻һ㳯ͳ˹Ҿ˽꣬Ҳӭżһɳ˹ȥ
ڼһŲŲʱһһسӻ䵽˵ϣ̫ˡ
һ졣
ħҵĽײһ𣬶ʱоһǿķ֮ħ֮ϴ˹ҵҵһΡ
ȥôǿǶаѪ
һȻѷɫӼٺ档
Ǽһеħ籩һĳնȫ˸ĵӰһ̣ҸоǼһڿǰħħڽһɵڶԸңʱħռ
㣬ҸһŶƴʮ׺ݣҪǵƵʱҸоҵѪܶҪˣȲҪڵѪҺ
Ѫ֮ļһɣΪǸһģȻ׺ݣһܹסʮ֮ұ߶ԦľʼȥסǼһɵ塣


2538 ħ
֮ϺܿĲ˳żһɵϲƶȥֻǴʱļһȫǷһҲǳĴЩĲողƵϣ㱻˷ܶʼ
һ߳߷Ŀɱһ߷ֲ˻֮һ˫۾Ѫ죬ҪѪ
һɵֻ꼻һ֣ԼȫȼգΪһսһҲҪҧ¶Էһ
ĽӮ·һ
ڸƴͬʱҶĳӴӶﻬ˺üء
СձĶаǺǿġ
ħҲȼ˼һɵ֮Ҳǿƴ˼ʮ֮ҸоһɵģģƺһЩЩĲɳ֮ϵϲƶȥֹһһɵαĻࡣ
ˣǰѼٺħȴûͣļ󣬼һɵ֮ܵǰħȻӼһɵֱֶն˹ħͻȻͱ˷ɵеĽ궣Ķһ
ǵģħע꣬˵һħ֮ǰǧնн˲֪˵Ļǣ˶˵Ѫе˳ԽսԽ£֮УһõĳڲٿѵҶԵУȻЩûм֮
ڲħƴ֮ʱһֱζԸħİ취
ܹսˣҲһŵģ۾һ˲˲Ĺ۲ս֣ƢЩ𱬵İչеĻѾЩ಻ס֮Ϻâ磬лⶼҪ˳
Ҳǽҧ촽ŵĲС
鵽زԼЩѾģⲻû¶¶ôֱӽǼһһ˱ǣҲڸ۶ӡ
鼱֮䣬һħƴһͭǮһףħնȥͭǮħƴͬʱѹһЩ
˴Ϣ֮űִ߶콣нߵеĽһףʱǧӰħԴˣҲǼһɵķ˹ȥ
ħ֮ǿΪһɵԵʣһɸɵˣ֪ħܲǿ
˲䣬ٰ˲߶ұ˼һɵߣʱһҲոѿЩĲѪ۾ң죬ҧҪɱ㡭Ҫɱ㡭
Ȼ󣬱һͻһ㣬˶
붼û룬ֱӻƣӭżһɶȥһص˼һɵؿڡ
һȫһɵӺܿڵһ˳ȥײһô֮ϣǴײϡ
ΪﵽزѾܹԵסһˣҸүһӿ϶Ҳܡ
ȻҸеȵǣһɳһ֮󣬾Ȼһٶ۶ûУִܿӵ˶
ҵͬʱһ֣أڸͭǮƴħֳǱ߷˹ȥ˳㽫ǰĻĲȫնˡ
ҲѵҽβѪļһô
ҾͲаˡ
Ѫ֮ļһɣȽʬ廹Ҫ޼᲻ݡ
ȵȡʬ
Ȼ䣬Ժ֮һͻȻһ顣
һɶѪֶΣʹõаܹаȻϵһΪãǱǷʬߡ
뵽һֻŽ꣬һֻǷʬ߸˳
ڸһײһ֮ٴθƴ˼Уӣһ½ʬ߳żһɵ˹ȥ
ҾϲһĻˡ
ǼһɵӶʱ׻顱һ㵹˳ȥһ˴һ˳ȥ
дϲ֮࣬ұҪǰһ˼һɵֻǸһǼһɵߣǰħδӼһɵѳնɱ
꣬ħסҵȥ·
ħ֮ϵħأ÷ʬ߲ܹơ
뵽һٴθħһ߲ٿԦľסǷʬߣǷʬ͵ҵУٴιʼʩͭǮͽߵʽħƴһŷʬߣȴʱ
Ȼ䣬ҳ׼˻ᣬ㽫Ƿʬ߳ħ˹ȥ
ǡ顱һ죬ħʬײһһỤ̋ħһֱ˵ϡ
һˣһΣʬ¼ͳħصķ˹ȥ
һ÷ʬ߽ħϵħɵˣҿγף


2539 й
ʬߴӵϼ̱֮㱼ħߣħ֮ð˰̣źâһٴηһҪڿն˵ʱʱ죬һžͳħ̤ȥĲڵ£ʱȴоħ֮ϴһӴҶɳȥ
ҵһΣһ̣ұ㽫ʬ߳ħݺȥ
һΣʬħ֮ϵʱħʱٴð˰̣ԼУƺħ֮һЪ˹ĲҺ֮ħҵҽŷʬĩ˵Сҵ˸ͣħ֮ϲкɫѪʬС
ҶԸħʱִ˻֮ͷȥʱ򣬸ղű÷ʬߴɳȥļһٴδӵ˹
СŸ硭Сģ̲סѵ
ҿһۼһɣֱһն˹ȥһǻ㾦һɫĹӽ֮籡ֱ˼һɵؿڣԭΪὫһɵؿڴԴȻûУһɵֻǱǵɫ˳ȥʮԶݺݵ˵ϣһٴվʱؿڴðỤ̋ٴ׺ݵ˹
Ѿģûûˡ
һΣȼһٴ˵ҵߣұоǼٺħѾͣ˺ܶ࣬ʬ˲ħ
Ӧûʲô̫Σˣ˷ʬߣýżһħħǿķ˳ȥ
ǿţˡ
ϣлСŸ硣ǿһѽסǰħѣ˫ץţħֹʱҪһ㡣
ߣۿǼһɿҪߵʱҽżһ㣬Ȼ˫һţʩչ˺ϴ辭
˵ʵڵģһɵΪҲɱ˿ϧá
һߺˣһߴ߶˺ϴ辭ٶȣ˺ϴ辭߶˼£ϵĻĲݿٵĳżһ˹ȥ
һɴʱԴĻ㾰תˣ͸ϴһ
ļһѾ֮ǰˣҲǱħ֮ϵħȾħԴ󷢣͹
һһ׵ʱһץһɿֲ֮㳯żһ˹ȥ
һɵֱ˵棬ҷ˹ñҸץס˲ӡ
ҪףѪͫʣ˺ϴ辭֮£ٴıҲʩչģΨһҲֻзŭ˻ԴйеĲʡ
ҿɼһΪʱͻȻ䣬һһעˣ˳߿
һ㶣һɻкԮɣ
æ߶˰ٲϵֶΣܿо˺ܶŲ˷߿£
Ҳû֣ͣû˿η壬뼴ǼһкԮҲνˣĽɫٺ涼ǸɵˣʲôĸֵĲɣ
ӵʱ䣬ͻȻܳһƱҿ֮󣬶ʱһ£Щ˲СձɽװصԱ֮⣬д侯ؾֳָǹеǼ˸ŰΧˡ
ȥص˹ʲô֣ЩҾȻһʶ
ɻ󲻽ʱͻȻһôȳߺϽſеĹձˣ㴳ˣһ˰ɣ
ЩϤѭȥʱð˳ʶϾִձСףʱҲŷӦǴʡþձĹϽΧЩصб
Щʱٴŵ˵ٴξһΣϽſеĹˣҪȻҾǹˣ
˵ţױ֣ƵĿҡ
ôԣŲСүŪ㣡չһףҲŻ𾫳ҵǰ棬˹ȥ
׿չҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬ʱȺ֮жȥһ߶һ˵㡭Ҫʲôй£Ҫ𣿡
չ𶯣ҳŰչһչס˽Ų
ʱǼһѾɵĲˣͻʣһѹǼܣ˺ϴ辭˲˼£ǼһɽҲҡ
ˣҲһף˵ģ֮ǰ߹㣬һδһΣѾĻҳҳأ
ţιǷץģڳ˿ɶˣɱձŵܼһɣƻ꣬ˣ·һҪǲ־ܣͰȫ͵


2540 
֮ףŻͲߴţһС˵־ģ
˵һ˵飬һЩˣⲻǽ֮˽˶ԹҲձ뻪֮ĶԹ׵Ļ֮УѾ˹֮ˡ
ϸɱļһɵݲһձߣһձŵƶˣĵܼ֮ܵǰҼʶǱϳͶʵĴͻٷ˶ǶͿСձڻķ飬Ҳ׵ǣһֻ۱һֻۣȻҲǽһɸɱˣӼٺɱˡ
صô죬ѵͨ籨Ųɣ
ɻϸһ룬ܿһˣпܱߵļ۸Ĺ
Ϊص˹ұ֣ܰӣȻƫи飬߾ߵĵҪƾϵ汾²С
һ׸ǰôһʱͻˣվ˵˵˵ҪѪˣЩձ˵ҼףնҼ߰˸˵ֱۣһ·׷ɱҪСŸæǼ˾͸ñЩСձɱˡ
ܷʲô飬ձĴͶŵܲüһǱɱģڳ˶ӲѸϵģҷصֵܾǰ˵һɿվţǸҿһɰձ͵ǹٷľͶԣ״˵ţ㣬зһҪصĽࡣ
ףСôֿʼǰɣŭ
Ҫ㣬飬̷ҲǰĪȻҲԿ𣬲Ժĺǣ׶֮أӵܵٷͨһɥ֮ȮȺֵǣҪûоŶ׵Ц
ѾģСүŪ˵Ƿǲ֣ǹǵġչٴŭ˵ţƱҪɱȥչһЩؾ侯ڶǹȫ׼ߣֻҪԷͻĿܹĳ
Ҹ³ռҵĳԹ޷⣬ձһֱһҪŪңҵˡ
ɱձˣһձɺʹŵҪɫɾʹˡ
չһһ̶ץס˰չСףȵȣȲҪ
İչһסʱҲãֻǶݺݵĶס
׵ĿٴοңЦе˵һ˰ɣʲô飬ʲôԩǵ˵ط֮󣬺ú˵˵ǲһˣҲŹһ˵ġ
Ѿģ⻰˵ĺһұϾֵ˴֮ձŷҪŪңѺҵ;УҴ˳ӣҰһηǱӵأҸˣƶ˾·ϾͱǸˣ˵Щֵǡ
ձµĺÿ찡˵
˭µӲˣˣɫһ䣬һ֣ʱĸصˣ˹
صǰߵֵܶʱȫΧǿһŭôģҿ˭ҶСŸ磬Ūǣ
ΣǷҪɣһص˶֣룬һ˳ͨ˵ֵôǸ˼ģǿмˡ
һҳ˵һﶼ˺ɣҸһ˱ǣ֪ͨүү˵߳ˡ
СŸ磬㲻ܸ߰ǰ·ͻẦ㣡չ
Ǳˣзִ硣ҿˣ˵
˵䣬ĸصѾߵҵߣ˳һʮĺ˵Բס˾үҲǷ£ǧΪǡ
ģҲᶯġҵ
˸мĿһۣұ㽫˫˳ȥۿ˵Ҫ˫֮ϵʱ򣬻ͻȻ˵ȵȣСɮлҪ˵
ҿϻ֪ˣʲô۶ӳ
üͷһϻҪʲô
ٺ١ҲˣɱЩСձأҲǷ£һǷصֵܾЦ˵
ҲϻǸһҲ̫˰ɣš
һ£ŭ˵˵Ͼôûнӵصֵܾ֪ͨҲϾֵĵˣˣǰɣ
Сɮûк˵˵ֵܾ֤ڴˣóơ˵ţϻ㳯ؿ˹ȥ


2541 ֹܾ
ԽԽɻˣ֪ϻڸʲôȫĳϻǱ߿˹ȥ
Ƭ֮ϻ˺ü֤У׻˻ΣٺһЦ˵ղ˸ˣֵܼڶصֵܾжʣֱصֵܾǲصֵܾĴү´֤϶İɣ
˵ţб㳯Ҷһֽ֤סˣһʱһ£Ҳ֤һ챾ż̽֡صܾԼ߼ʡ
ȻҴ֤һ֤澹ȻҵƬƬȻ֤ϵģҲ֪صǴġ
ҿҵݶ֤Ŀɿڴʱ򣬻Ѿе֤ȫ·˳ȥ
ڳˣȫ챾նһ
˳үӳ֮⡣
ʱ𣬾֮ǰȥȶԸĽʬ¼ʱүŵһ飬˵ǵκȵĽʬ¼֮󣬱ֵܼΪصֵܾĹʣҵʱҲֵӦ
ԭΪһ˵Цûзϡ
éɽŴѣֿӱ޵ĸȥéɽ˰գлȻȫȻĸɸɾ
û뵽үӵʱ˵Ц潫صֹܾʵ֤ǰ˳
ϻصֹܾʵͷ˵ڰ참⼸ˣÿһ˵ݶʱһˣүģҲǹٷˣصܾҲܲǣһϾֵˣҹֵܾĹ참
ֱǿЦðɣ
챾дϲʱֳЦ⡣
ţұеĺ챾ߵĸصĺǰһΣʮ˵صֵܾĹ참ʲôô
Ǽص˶ʱһ飬æҡͷ˵쵼û⡣
Բס˾үǸˡһʼ˵ǸӺ˻ȥ
׶ʱɵۣվɫһһһŲ㡭ǡ֤϶αģǼٵģôصֵܾ֤
ҳɭɭһЦ¶һڴٴλһ£תܣʱһٰ˲ǰ棬סȥ·
װףү˵һδһΣСӻôԣүҪѵѵˡ
˵ţһѱץס׵ӣǺһֻҿǽһֱ࣬Ѫݷ׷ɣŽһŸ߷˳ȥ
ЩϾصɵվһҲҶ˭Ҳûйܵ˼
үүҴˣԺҲˡԺٿңҾӡðѪ׺첻ĵ
ӣүŲҷϵӣϽ˹ôһΣԺҿ㣬Ҿֱӷ㣡
վƬ̲ҶѸٵĳ˳ȥ
ȺĿ죬ȥҲ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬱ûӰ
֮Ǽ˶һۣ׷׹Ц
оգҪǻнǺ챾óҹҪ״ϾֵĵȲˣҲ˵·ͱǸˡ
쿴ңҲǳЦ⣬һظ֮С
ص˶ϿɲģȱЩа̶ϻҪֲˡ
ϻ챾λ˴ó˵ģղϾֵҪСŸ磬ǸˡչЦ
챾ǰյģֱ͵˺ҶѦҩ̣ҴһѰ˼ҲûʲôôҸطأŸһСŵͷϣ࣬Ҳ˸˵ˣҪǸղӸ飬һ벻Ц˵
ⶫͦõģүӵȷȫⶫǸص˴򽻵Ҳ㣬ԺܳΪǵıɡһرϣҲձڱˡҹЦ
СŸ磬Ҿ¶û֪һүӣѣʱձⷢӣָ鷳һѵ
Ӧһһ£ȷôһϾɱĲͨˣʱСձǱ׷Ҳð졣
뵽ұк˳ų¼ҵķȥ·ϣұ㽫ֻ˳үӴһ绰ȥ
绰үӵӵģ˺һүӲŽͨҵĵ绰Цʲô飬Ǹصֹܾʵ֤յûС


2542 
ǸүӺ˼䣬˵صֹܾʵ֤ǼѾյˣ˼ұʾֵĸл
үӺǺһЦ˵ʲôѧգңǼ˶汾µˣԺǰ;صֹܾʵԺǼôܶʱǿԱġ
һ˵¶ϣұ㽫˹˵үӣǻһ鷳ոصֹܾʵ嵲һ¶Ҫæȫһ£ҪȻǼܾҪϺܴ鷳
˵¶үӵʱ֣Ҿʲô鷳
ԭԭĽǸСձټĶԹү˵һͨ˵ҽձʯˮᦹ糤ٺ滹Ӽһɸɱˡ
ҽϸĸү˵һ֮ͨүӺþöûлػҵ˺һΪүֱӽ绰ء
룬үӹذɣүģոǼСӰصֵܾ֤Ѿĵأ
Ū¶үҲҪһ𱳹
үӲ˵Ҳ¶Щ鷳ˡ
ֹƬ֮󣬵绰Ǳִ߲үЩͳˣ֪ˣõģһġ
үӣǿ϶Ǵ˴˰ɣɱձнĴǼһɣҲձŵܲá˵
Сӣ֪ʣǾͲҪˣôӣձٷ϶ʩѹģҲǣǸٺģսʱڻĲ֪ɱ˶ˣСҲȡ˾СձǿǴɣһȫģҲ̫ϡ
ү˵Ƿٴζүӱʾл
үӺܿ콫һתҵձٷѹϷܹǿձǱߵͲ˵ˣô˵ٺձҲǷǳߣʯˮᦹ糤¶һձȻձн𼫴ĺ䶯˵кܶձֹǵ鷳һҪԼСġ
ӦһʾȻȻֺ䣬Űѵ绰ҵˡ
˵绰֮ұ㽫үӵ˼˵һ£Ҳð˲٣ǲٵϾֵ˹鷳үӻѹ
Сձ߹鷳飬һûʲô̫ĵǣֻҪֵܼǸٺһ㣬޻ء
˵ţһ·ص˳¼ң¼ҴԺѾæˣڴɨս
ղǼ˸ٺǵһսѾ¼ҵһլԺ߰㣬ԫϱڣ֮ϿǿӿݣǱڵһ
һص¼ңͳүӱ㱼˳סǼӣȻŰ
ִӸڵһ䷿ʹİ߹ȥһֳ¼Щնֱ۵˴˿ȫۼ
ѪŨҲȫѪҽƵæŸЩնֱ۵ĳ¼˽Ӷϱۡ
ǱߴĶϱѾˣɫҰףʮģ
Ҳ֪ЩСձʱΪʲôûн˸ֱɱˣնǵֱۡ
һ룬ҲǳʲôӣʰϾǻĵĵؽ硣
ʱЩСձΪҶǲ־նǵֱۣΪңҴĵױη֡
ڣ¼ûɥҪȻѴ̣ϾЩСձרŹԸҵġ
ҽƵҲˣȻȲѦλүӣǸѦСߵĸѦүӵҽӦڲ֮䣬Ӹϱۿ϶⣬ֻҪһЩʱˡ
ֽǾתݴӼ۵ж˻ƵЩ˽Ӻ˶ϱۣǾתݰƺ˸£֮ҲȬ
ߵҲһԲ˽ˡ
Ǽˣûйľˡ
үæ֣˵Ҫϯǡ
һܣȷЩֶʢȴ֮£Ǳ˳¼ҳԺһ٣ϯ䣬Ӻͳү㣬үھϯ֮ٴζǱл⡣
ϯ䣬ôٺµĳԹұż˵Ȼĵ˾תݣΪתݵԵʣǵ˼ٺ棬겻ѡ
ϻ˵ô࣬ʱһͨԹ˵ô̼飬ǶԳˣںҶȶ췢ùëˡ
һɿһ˵ϻⱲҲֻˣСŸ϶Ϊ˴ܵģ֮ⲻھơ


2543 й
⻰һ˵ʱߺĿһۣǰԵЩִ
ϻʱ˹һЦ˵СľԴ㻹ǿˣֻǲ֪ʲôʱܺϲơ
һӶʱȫ壬үҲЦС⺢ӣϷҲУֻҪԸϷһؿ϶ûʲôģ϶ҲûʲôҪǲͬ⣬Ӿʰһ٣˲ɣ
үү˵ʲôأߺһ˵ġ֮£ʵЩסˣֱ˳ȥ
үҲˣԺСŸɩӳ˻飬˼ұҲǵĳһүһƣǰȸˡһСٴ壬˷׷ӦͣվүӾƣүҲֺǺǵЦ棬潫Ӧ
ҾЩܲˣоչƺеˣôž͵̸ۼ޵ĵزأ
һԵʮ֣ղţһ˻ڸٺƴһͶ
˵ʵĺһǲٹֵѪӣĵҲ֪ʲôʱֵܹ
ţϵĵ绰һǽӴģȥһ绰Ҳûʲôر飬ߵ鴦ôˣǽŵõϢ˵Ǽٺձɻ˴ʡ϶Ҹġ
ҽߵ򵥸һ˵Ǽٺͼһɶɱ֮󣬶ʱĺһ˵
ҿүٺСձʯˮᦹ糤ձһ֣ôɵģӵһ˵
㲻֪ͨչǿôֵֽܼɵģҲ˺ôһ¶úúлл㣬ҪǹæҾҸɷٺȷЩѡҿ
Ǵ˸绰ѣүؿ¶ֵе󣬾үһҪСˣ¶ƺܿ촫ձн磬ЩСձ᲻鷳ѵ
ϸ磬¶Ҫˣձһһʲô紵ݶģϵңߺи׼ں˿ӣǹ˱Ƚ壬ɱҲ񡣡Ц˵
үҷˣ⻰˵ĳϣƺðɣһඡЦ
˽ӵ绰֮۷ϣҿ죬ԶԶĿңɬЦš
˹ȥЩִٵ˵ӣЩֵЩڣʱ˵Ļűߣǧȥʵ˶ͦõġ
ӵ˵ͷȻ̧ͷңͻȻСŸ磬ʲôʱȢң
⻰ʵһ㶣һʱ䲻֪
һ̣е£һƬհס
ԥŲ֪˵ЩʲôʱͻȻĿڴһ֮Уһܿ콫ؿڴŵĴ˳⴫һó㡰䡱һȼŴӴ洫һϤӣйˣéɽһˣ̴£
éɽƽ˵ģһϢһæصõģһ˾ϵ
ǴٴδŴճ˻ҽ
üͷһСŸ磬ʲô飿
éɽһ棬֮ǰǴéһϣʵһصéɽԵףǰһصΧéɽʱǻ׽ˣ˾Ǳɱɱ֮ˣֱǸ׽˻ȥһֱǶҰղ䣬Ҳһصܶڣйǹ˹ڰյһЩ飬Ǽ˱ҪϹȥУƽԣЩءҽ͵
ǡǱ𵢸ˣϽȥɣҲһ˰ɡӵ
ͱȥˣûѹһʱڼչ˼ҰɣҴǱߵٹ㡣ҵ
ӵ˵ͷԥһ£ջû˵Щʲô
Һӿٵ۷ｻȵǸһȥϻ˵Сţ˵žͻҪܳȥ̫۸˰ȷ˵
ɫһ࣬һˣھ͸Ҷȥéɽ
˻һڣȫסˣչСŸ磬ö˶˵ģȥéɽʲôǺմéɽûõӡ
йˣǹ˰ղ䣬ղƽ˸һҵ
˵϶Ц⣬Ʊȫ


2544 ȫ
ͬСɣǹغ˵ǹغˣ˭Ҵ⡣
ոһȺ˻ｻֺ˵̱֮ⷬЦ⣬һӾ˳
СŸ磬гһصܶˣչصʵ
Ҳ̫ƽֻ֪ͨйˣǹȥéɽһˣд飬˼ӦͦҪģҲӦƽˣᾡéɽҵ
˱˴˿һۣһ˵²˳٣Ǿ춯ɣȥéɽܵ
˵飬ǳүҲӾ˳ɫǣôżôһߣղſ϶ûгԱɣ
үӣÿҲͻȻǲòéɽˣ֮ǰò˼һ䣬ڽϷ飬ǧҪ⴫¹ˡҿ˵
һǾܷģϷǲ˵ֵģ͵Ȼ˽ϷͲˣԺ¼ҴԺʱΪǳǼʱԹ
Ӧһһ֣үӸˡ
Ҳ׷׹ָ𣬽űҳŴԺȥһ·͵ſڡ
ҵĳӾͣڴſڣһȫȥҳʱ򣬿ǵĻʮȫһԽҰôҲԵӵ
һϳӱǰһץסҵ֣Щ˵СŸ磬һҪСģ
ӦһһС֣һڵģôڣʵǲ˼죬ҲͰˡ
û뵽һһΪٺ鴦ˣڴʡය죬ҲܹӴ죬һ¸飬˵ӻܴء
һУ˵һȫˣĺҪ˰ͷ󻼣ЩʳѰŰյĵʮΪûȫָԽҵԽӦЩĶ֣Ҹү⼸Ҳ˰յһ󶼾ÿֲ
ˣ鴦ˣҾͻ㡣ҿ˳
˵ͷŲɿҵ֣ţұ˳ţһű뿪˳¼ҴԺ
˵ʵҲ뿪ӣŸոսУ뿪ŨӣԶȽϵȷѪһǧ
ڽɼҲûа취顣
˴éɽǧ֮ңһ·ַڶʱŵִéɽ¡
֮ͣһ˴Ҵ³ֱéɽĺɽȥ
ȵ֮󣬺ɽǱмλڵȺǡ
һ˹һĵ˹˵λԶһ·࣬ƶƽ֮ٴιʱ
ˣͷλ·ҿ
ӦһֱӴɽŴ󣬽һ˴˽ȥ
éɽɽŴ֮λһ߿ߣһС˵ƽȺλɡ
˵ţһٴο첽У˴ԼаСʱ֮󣬲
壬ſһ˶ûУǵǵſڣ˵ƽˣѾˡ
һ䣬ĴԼˣǵһ֣λ
ҵ˵ͷ֮С
ԭΪһϴһ֮оۼéɽĳԼЩڱչصϵȻһβûУ壬ԶԶģֻƽ˶ڴ֮ϡ
Щˣƽֻüٵ֪飬ȥһص˾
໹ˣһǹڵĳҢˣһóˡ
ϻһŵˣǲ֮ǰǻ׽ˡ
Ǽ˿첽ǰ׷׳ƽһ֣˼䡣
ȻָҢ˵˵ͷǴк
ƽɫȻһ֣˵λɡ
˵ţǼ˱˸ط
һ䶨ұƽˣ֪˼æǽйΪ£˶Щʲô
һ׽û֮󣬱㽫ڹڤ˼࣬ڿסˣ֪ȫ˳ǻֱɡ
ҿ˹ڵϵˣ˿ȥ˺üȦݿ£ήңȻǳ˲ٿͷġ


2545 ʦ
˹ڵϣɪɪԭéɽǴéĳϣνλȨأµˣ³˿ɱ̾
ҲֲñˣȫȡúõéɽϲƫҪһص߹ˣڰʱһѣһصéɽףųһֱΨΨŵŵСĽ˽й˳һֱȥ
ҳŹڵϵ˶ſһߵߣˣּˡ
һңӲĶһ£ҵſ־壬ϾԹȥ׽˹
ڹڤ̫Ŀ񾭱ĥѾӽڱԵ˰ɡ
ˣڤ⼸죬϶˲ٿͷ㼸⣬ϣܹʵҾ⣬Ȼƽ飬һЩéɽطףѵؼҲһܣéɽӦñǷʱ䣬㲻ʵʹ໹޾
˵赭дԹͷģҸ˽éɽε˵ֶΣѾŵɫɸˡ
æĵ˵ͷʾȫҪ
ʱ˵Сţֱʱǣ϶ʲôˡ
ҵ˵ͷȣ㣬֪һصܶʲôط
ҡҲ֪æҡͷҲƵģֵ治֪һֱһصûнҷҲǵһصéɽմɱ䣬Ҳһɱˣ鰵Ͷ˴˹ϵϣΧéɽʱҪһɱˣһЩؼҪ飬˻Ͳܸ
üͷһվһԵˣʱЩɻ󲻽⣬˼Ȼһصܶʲôط֪ǽæΪأ
˲ԣֻʾҼʡ
ɻٴοˣʵ֪δô
ٴҡͷֵ̿ҡ̵ܶ涼֪ʲôطô֪ղδ
ֱӽ±ˣڴ֮еҲ֪ƽ˽ǹǸɶġ
˻һ֪
żʡƽƺǵɻ󣬵˵
ӣ˵ˣûʲô˵ˣ㻹Ǽȥڤܿɣ˭Ҳﲻ㡣
˵⻰ʱѾЩסˡ
ҡҡ֪һصڱĵطԵף֮ǰҸƽʦֺʦҲˣ¶Ҳ̫ȷΪֻ͵ġЩˣŵĿҵ
˵ⷬҶʱ˼£æʵ˭Եףéɽ֮ϻһصԵף
éɽûһصԵҲ֪ɿ϶еģӵϽ߾ʱһڸ˵ĵʲôûҾǸ˵Ƚ϶죬ˣԽ˳ȥαװһܹϳһֻЩ΢£ϸǸ˺п̨ܱϵʦ֮ǰҸй֮ԵĽ飬϶֪һصĺܶ顣æ˵
һըԵϢֵܼһϢ׷״վȫյ˵ߡ
ʱҲ׹ΪƽҴǹǴ˵׳һЩˮ
ȷ쿴˱̨ɽʦȲʵ
Ҳǰٷ֮ٵȷҸʦü棬ƽʦֺʦҲǼģ֪˵ĽЩ΢£ǰ˶ֵʱ˴˵ģȻѾȬܹһЩߵģǿƽʦ֡˵
ҿƽһۣ˵ͷȻѾȷ顣
Ҳܹĳ΢Щɳƣʮָдԣʱ˵С˵ʲôû֪ľôˣȫˣǾɱңҲ˵ʲôˡ
һе˵ţʮȶ֣̿Ҷ۾ãоӦò˵ٻ
һбڼƽϣ¶ЩִˣǵǻҪȥ̨ɽȥʦɣ϶ϰ
㻹ûʲôҪ˵ģһǰʵ
ûˡһصУһصĽɫε


2546 ͷ
Ȼ֪Ĳ࣬Ϣ˵ȷģǲûͷӬһĴҡ
ʱƽ˱Ӵ֮ϻһۣŵ˵ƶ˵һܺõͻƿڣ̨ɽʦƶ֮ǰҲΣ̨ɽĻϣ𷨸ȵȷЩ£ΪʮǰһʮӤѪӤƴ֮ʱˣʱǱնһŽ͵³غҶҽΣȥЩˣŽȻˣȴһЩ֢·΢Щ£ֻǲϸ
Ҳ͵˺ҶȥҽεģǸƲĲ֪ѦүӻѦǬû뵽лԨԴ
ʵҪ˵ʦһصԵףƶЩ̫ţʦڽϵĿڱãΪĪ⣬Ǽ𣬿е֤ȫָƶֲòšҢЩϧ˵
ƽʲô˼ǼȥʦһǲһصԵףʵ
ƶд⡣ƶéɽõ˹ȥ飬ֵΪ飬Ūéɽ̨ɽ֮䲻ϣ𽭺ˣ⵹ǰյԸһΣҲֻǼ˳ˡƽԴǸĿҵ
ƽˣǹȥʦôڰܹܲȥֱ˵٣ʦѾǲһصԵףװˣȫ֪Щε
϶ܵʣǸɵӿ϶Ҳϵģƽ˿϶˰취һ
ƽ˵˵ͷһ۹ڵϵˣȻŵ֮ǰǽˣһص˼棬Ǳ˴˶аϵģֻҪ˵һ䰵ţԷܹش¾䣬ܹȷʦǲһصԵˣʱ֤ǻ˵֤ʦһصԵ׵Ļ֪ôġ
Ǽ˶һۣ΢΢һЦʾȻ
飬ǲİҲǵһθˡ
ϻȲʵƽˣǰžʲôǵػɣ
ƽ˿ˣæӿڵһǡաһǡˮβԢ⡮˼ҲʹỤ̋һصǰֻҪαװһصˣǰȥʦͷ˵䰵ţʦӳһġ
Ҳԭô¶ʵ¶һҲôѵġ
ʱ򣬻ͻȻֵƽˣ̨ɽҼǵԥʡҲһ̨ɽǽʡòҲһ̨ɽųǺɽڣòƸ۰ɡ
ϻΪˣе黹ʮ˽ģҪ˵¶Ϊ̨ɽֻԥʡǸ̨ɽء
ԥʡǸ̨ɽǽġ˽ӿڵ
¶ҪúúϼƺϼƣҪȥʦ϶ǵĿʾˣұҪҵʦĻСҵ
͸ˣձ̨ɽļ䣬ŮҪȥ̨ɽݷ𣬹ÿԻˮ㣬̨ɽȻ취ҵʦεദֻԼ취ˣȷʦһصԵףܹ°ߣӲĺӣ죬ʲôˡ˵
ˣ߻мƤƤߣһֱéɽñõģܹóȥðɣ֮˻ƤŵƷʵǧ󰡣éɽɬǸǮҢ΢Ц˵
éɽǼһףѾȫˣ͵ǹȥء
ðɣȻˣҲþֻܾӲͷƤȥһˡ
ôöѾûʲô¶ˣű㱻˸˳ȥ
ǳ˴֮ҿ˵ıӰһۣʵˣ֪éɽδͽ
£ƽ˱̾Ϣһ˵űϾéɽͬţƶһɽУͬżʮأҪ˵ûиǲܵģҲûзʲôһһصΧéɽҲûв룬޷Ǿ̰ˣģ⣬ᱻŵ£ЩչеǰѺ̤һ
éɽҲ˵ʲôƽܹôҲ֮ˡ
ϣһ˱סéɽһǸƽסһƽʢǼһһپƣʱԼôӡ


2547 
ܹéɽƽ̵λãȻй֮ƽΪ˴ν㵽θǼСһȾƣʦ飬ǼԮéɽ֮±ʾ֣صл⡣
˵ʵɽƽ̻ǻɽƽ̣ǶнӴǰλéɽƽȣЩطǲǴƻϣƽ̿˴ĵﾴ塣
ҵéɽһСɫʱƽ̱ûаӣһҼŷݷʹ
η֮ϣƽ˶ǼһЩʦദϸڣ˺üνʦéɽ·Ҳˡ
㵽ұ֮
ֳԵʱƽ˻ó˼ŷǼһһš
⼸ŷȫǷݷؼʱá
ƽ˵ϵķݷѾûˣ⼸ŷݷǸЩչسɹλʦģǼ˶éɽдܹΪéɽéɽ϶ҲҪʾһЩл⣬Ҳûʲô͵ģΨһܹõĳֵģҲЩݷˡ
ݷĺôϸ˵ù˺üǼ˵һɽɽҪ󣬱ܳ׷׳ƽ˱л⡣
ԵҹǲŸƽ˹ָ㱻СͯéɽĿͷ֮У԰Ъ
ڶһ磬컹ûȫʱ˾ȫ˹ϴ֮󣬱Сͯڲóһ緹Ȼеͯһµĺӣǻطȥ
Ǽ˻ص˷֮󣬴ǺһǼžµƤߣʮֿƤ֮ϵĺëɼоƤ߾Ǵ˵Ͻһ
ƤŵԲ˵ǾǳһģƤƤ߾Ǵӻϰġ
˺˼ÿһƤ߶ֵǧ
ҼǵѦС߸ƤЩ飬ȹƤŵ˿϶ҲǸпտ϶Ҫȥġ
ƤǲûéɽֱӴϣϢĳéɽéɽСһ·ɽڰɽһƧڣԻ·ȻֻƤ߲ɽ
éɽһ۵·ϣ͸׼һϻһλװСǣֱӱ㳯̨ɽķȥ
˸ǰΪǶ֪ʦ׳ʲôӣʱ˿϶鷳λСʦȵ˵ط֪֮һλʦ
·ϣҸ˼һ£ʱֵܼҪһ̨ͬɽ
ȼʦ֮һ취ʦһܹദĵط֮ǽһͬʦ£Ȼéɽɡ
ʮּ򵥣ֻǲ֪ʱʲôһҲֻǼˡ
ܶʱܷʵܲпᡣ
Сʱ֮Ǳ㵽̨ɽĽ£ŷ̨ɽĽкܴһƬֺͣƼĿΪ̨ɽԵʣ˺ܶ͡
ҾͺʻУҵļ䵽ôһ¶
и˵Ҳ㲻п̨ɽĳλɮԲˣ˽ҲճӶеһʽ
Ҳǵ̨ɽȱǮˣһ͹һǮ
̨֮ɽͲ٣ﲻΪ
ˣһ˻켣Ⱥ֮еҲʲô
Ⱥһ·ʰϣһСʱŵɽվɽ֮ϣۣ಻Ⱥɽͺ嫵Ĵ󺣣Ŀ˻ĵĺɽ۵𺳡
л˵ںܾúܾǰ̨ɽǺϵһµ׺ɣűģ
ɽ֮вʱǱ㿴һֺɽ֮䣬һơ
ǸһǰС̨ɽûж츣ء
Сĸ˵̨ɽĶ츣صһССéɽİٷ֮һҵ޴󲿷־ס棬Χޣһֱ̨ɽ֮ϣڷ֮һĵλǸ̨ɽüɽķŴ޷ġ
Ȼ󣬵ĸɮҲǲ٣ҪѰҵʦ̨ɽһɮλ̨ɽܹŵǰ
̨ɽļ䣬ʦ϶ʱָңҳʦ
ǵſڣʱּǽݷ𣬻ҪŶӣ̨ɽʮֶʢ֮£ǼҲҪһŶӡ
ڽȥ֮ǰΪ˶Ŀȫɢ


2548 
̨ɽ֮۵һſڣ˺ܳһŶ飬ѾǺˣǰкܶˣĶҲ˺ܳһ飬һ۸ͷȫݵŮ
Ǽ⣬Ҳġ
ǵĿĲ̨ɽɮΪУҪ̨ɽʦǲһصԵףһʮּ޵
ⳤĶǰ棬ҿ˼̨ɽɮά
ȴҲ֪ʲôʱ޵ڣִ˼УΪѵǮ׸ÿԸǣӡ
쿿ؿ飬翿ԼʵڣݷҲܵڱ
ͻܶ࣬Ǹû뵽ôࡣ
Ϊ˲̨ɽЩɮ˵⣬ǻǴ˷ɢȺ֮У඼ǺԶʮҵķΧ֮ڡ
һϢָϣöԷܵҵΪҲΪԷһ
һСʱĶӣҲȽ֮еķ֮УټһڷǰһĦĽвСһЩķЩ˭һʶֻϵĦ
ڴ࣬ϰɮȶЩľڲţЩУ޲΢˫Ŀŷ𾭣֮зһ߽Ȼ֮УȫǶЩľη֮ġ
һһǰţǰɮó𣬱ͽţǷ֮ǰͷ֮󣬱Ӵһ˹ȥԱһܴĹ䣬Щߵһ࣬ǮŽ˹棬һ໹ɮл
һжڰͰĽš
ҺéɽǸСǰ棬Ǿ޴ķ׵ʱҵĿװµĳɨһҪѰҵʦ
ǵɨһȦ֮󣬷ŷȽϽⲦУ궼ǱȽϴģŹ⣬Ҳ࣬һܹоЩϺеķΪȷǺܲġ
ĴƵʱߵǸéɽСһҵӣҺܿͷӦ˹˹ȥ£Ҳ˵ֻʾ⣬˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ұλһϺУͿȥԼڰʮ£Ź⣬һ˫üëϳˣĿȥǴüĿʲôĻϲ֮ˡ
˱ҪҵǸʦ
˿̣λϣ۹۱ǣǹģһ飬أŷ𾭡
ֻ͵͵һۣҶ࿴Ӧʲô
λһéɽСҲαװģһҲƤߡ
ܿ죬ֵҺéɽСǰȥˣҺλéɽС֮⣬Ա߻λǰ͡
ǸһǰĸСиǵݹǷ׷ֽӹǰ޴¯֮УȻڵ֮ϣŷ˼ͷ
˵ʵôһͷһݷ
򵥵ʽǱ㱻һĹԱߣǮ˳Ͷ˹档
ҿǰλͣһͶȥ˴ԼİٿǮһ˿ϰģóһǮҪиǧӣҲͬŽǹ档
ڹԱվŵλСæ˫ֺʮһӷҷȱ֮Ļ
лһλСж˵䣬ʲô汣֮ġ
󣬱ֵλéɽСҲó˶ٿǮͶݽ˹
ǮȻ࣬СҲһǻлû֮ǰǰˡ
Ǯ飬ɶ٣ԼһƬ⣬һǮҲû˻˵ʲô
С߹ȥ֮󣬽űֵˣһǰǬ˱óһЩǮܹʮǮ
ߵǹԱߣұ㽫һǮ˳һһĳŹͶ˽ȥ
СһóôǮʱסˣӱ㳯סĳ˵һЩףĻʮֿ
ҽʮǮȫͶȥ֮󣬽űλСеߣ˵λСʦ̨ɽǴһˣλСʦæǡ
λСжһۣһ˵λʩ̨ɽôǮȻһˣ֪СɮʲôܹﵽģܼСɮǲƳٵġ
֪λ򾻴ʦҼһ飬򾻴ʦæ򾻴ʦ𷨸һֱʮĽҪһ棬λСʦһҪæԸٶһЩǮһţæͿ˵һżӡ


2549 
˵Сб˴˶һۣһСЩʵ֪λʩʲô飬Ҫʦ桭
ҹֵ̿˵ʵǱණˣÿ˯ܸоˣ˯Ժʱ򣬻оһֱҶߴ˵ʦ𷨸Աһķ߱а֪λСʦܲܰæģǮ϶ٲ˵ġ
λСʦһۣһСиС˵λʩԵƬ̣Сɮȥʦ档
лл̫лˡװһжµģͲڵϸǿͷˡ
СбȻ뿪˴ڷǰǸϺ˹ȥͷϺ˵ЩʲôϺб۾߿һۣ˵ͷֱתȥˡ
ʱСбߵҵߣ˵λʩʦѾŵСɮɡ
һǧлȻСе߳˴ԺӣűһԺͣסˣԶұ㿴ʦıӰǡ
Сͣ˽Ųһ񣬿λʦ棬ʩԱ㡣
л䣬㳯ʦ˹ȥһһܹ߳ƣ˴ʮƧҲʲôˣһǶӦû᷽һЩΨһҼɵǣһôһҪʦƺЩ鷳ˡ
ţұ㳯ʦ˹ȥ׵ľʱʦת˫ֺʮӷλʩҶ˵ˣҵ˴רΪĶɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷȻ̧ͷ˿ͷϵͷ˵ա
ҹ⽫աĸһЩȻʦϿȥ
˵⼸ֵʱʦԶһ£ҵʱһЩ
ʩղ˵ʲôˡĶ׾ûܷ˵һ飿ʦĿң˵
˵աٴμ˵
һΣʦƺȷʲôɫʱһģǾĳɨһۣȻսңѹĺֵܵͣ̿˵ôҵطˣĲǸ˵ǧҪ̨ɽô
һʦèġ
ȻǻǱֵʮֵΪȷʦȷһصԵףҹȣ˼Ƶ˵ʦǵĽͷŶ˵ô
գٴ˵һ顣
ʦЩɵһص˵ģܿӣѹһˮ
һ֮ʦű֪λСĲˣ̨ɽ϶зǳҪɣ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ûʲôرҪ飬Ҳܵط㣬ʵǴܶģܶǱджϾҪʼˣ֪ͨһõʱֲ
ʦٴνŵĹһۣһЩѹ˵ԭܶʹˣʧʧֻǲ֪ܶʲôԸǲҪʼ̨ɽˣʱ׼Ŷˡ
һЩҸ㿴֪ˡҽ˿㶵棬׼õлɢץһѣһʦʱֱһûл֮ȻֱΣű뿪˴éɽȥˡ
ҵĻ֮ʦ㳯ֿһЩۿһвһ׵ʱһ֣㽫лɢ˳ʦ˳ȥ
룬ʦͻȻĳһżһ㳯źƮ˳ȥվһ̳֮ϣ˵Ϳ⣬㵽ʲôˣ
һ£֪¶Ȼͱʶˡ
һʼʱ򣬿϶û¶ŵģǺʲôء
Ҳٸ飬Ȼ޷лɢϺи鷳Ҳֻܸǿˣֱӽɷ˵
Ȼ䣬ұ߶ٰ˲ʦȥֱץؿڡ
ʦȻҲǺĽɫҿߣһ֣㳯Ҵ˼飬죬ҲӲӣֱһ㿪ȥ棬˺üĴָϸΪǳ
׼ٴϵʱݶͻȻ˼ˣαװ֮ϻǣ׷һԾ£ͻһ㳯ʦ˹ȥ


2550 ׽
֮ǰǱˣǰ̨ɽȷʦǲһصˣղžҵ֤ʦܲˣһصԵףŸ
Ҹʦ˵һͻѾȫ˹ǹҲǸյҺʦŵӣܿôһ¶ˣ¶˵ֱӴݶϷֱʦȥ
ʦΪֻһˣ˷ֳ֮һȻôˣʱЩˣæתһŶȥҪ˴
ȻǼֵܸˣﻹôܹѡ
żٰ˲ʦ׷˹ȥʦܵҲܿתһԺ֮Уûôһ¶߱㴫˼Ҷ죬ʱסˣ꣬ǴﴫĶ̫ôˡ
ĹһֿۣʦӰҲǶǴʲôطġ
ԭԺһͭӣ졣
ղϺдҴææӵΪͭӣĿԶ׼϶뽫̨ɽĺȫһͬԸǡ
Щ̨ɽĴйЩ̫öԸҪ˵ʦһصԵףǿ϶ţʦҲϣ취أɱڡ
Ҫȥ׷ʦʱʦһܣһߴ˰һصа˹̨ɽˡ
꣬ϺоȻ׽
Ҹ׷ûȻ䣬ǰ㴫˴֮ұȥһǿסǴеȥ·ƴһ𣬴Ĳɿ
ͬʱ̨ɽԺĸ׷״˽Ųڿٵĳ߾ۼ
ˣ潫̨ɽеĴж˹
ҾˣղŲһ͵ˣʦǴʲôطҲһصأ
˿ҲȥôˣȽʦŷ˵
뵽ҿ첽ϣֱӿ˫ֱ㱼ʦʦҲûʲôҲǿ˫ֵģǿΧϺеΪߣֵҲֲʲôˣûз֮£ֻнŵĻ硣
ҿһŷʦŵڳģȻһЩ飬ΪأһӴ˵ϣƱҪǶϽۣҲ֮ܳΪһ
ܿ죬ұս֮Уûиҽҵķóǽͷ̫ˣһȻʩչ콣еֶΣƱ㱻ʦ³һš
һʦЩӦˣܵҶѹæڳӦңһ񣬾ͱǿշֱϸӣѪʱ˳
Ҳ֪ʦ˿̶˵ҪɫԲֻ֣ǳ̹ȥ
żƳʦȥϺֻǻеķ鳯ҴӲӡ
Ȼ䣬Ҵ߶󴦴ŵĶתǬƣһ֣㳯Ϻгصץ˹ȥһ±ץ˸ţһתƵ˽¡
ʦΪһȥҵַҪƤɣȻ鲢ûеǰ㡣
һ£Ȼһһƣ㳯ؿ˹ȥ
ʦھ֮࣬æҲһȥҵơ
ֻɵϺҲǳܲסģһƺ߱㵹˳ȥһԹȥ
˵ģʮһ½Ϻиˡ
ȻϺвûеǰڵֻ֮ɫͨ죬Ȼֻһˣŷ𣬱Ҫ·ӣȴٴαǿո
Ͻɣ̨ɽЩȫ˹Ƕסˡ洫˰չһӵĽŲʹ򶷵졣
˶Ըʦʱ򣬰չϻһסЩ߿پۼ̨ɽĺǡ
ԸЩʵ̫ѣѵǲܿɱ䣬ҲЩС
ϾЩв֪򾻴ʦһ˿϶Ҫƴġ
ǿ֣ȴܡ
Է潫ǵһصˡ
ǸӦսپ
Ƭ̲ҵ飬ûнʦſ֮ٴǰʦͻȻһеķ飬ǷͻȻɢɫķ֮ϽâһһɿֲǱ
㿪
һٰ˲ǿߣ˵˵ϣЩԴϷ˹ȥ


2551 Ӻ
Щת˲˷Ľϣ׷ױѿо񵯻Ҫֲ¡¡죬ʯɣǼ˸ȥ
ſڵϣ̧ͷȥʦʱѾǽ֪ȥʲôط
һſڵʱ򣬱Ѿ߶ԦľͲľ֮ԺǽĲľסܵʦ
ͬʱ˷׷ϵĻҳʯ㱼ʦܵķȥ
ĹұĴԽԽܼԽԽ
ͷȥʱϻһǱʮбų߶Щõķǹ֮ģһ£ЩжɱܴķϾǷˣȲѣǲ᷸ɱġ
Էˣ߸ǲҶЩʹɱ֣ҪȻһǧһųЩ͵ȥһĻᱻǱƵĲˡ
Ҳ˲ϻˣȻЩиΧסԱܵеģҴǿֱӷԺǽ׷ʦȥ
ոԺǽұ㿴ĻĲסʦûʲôֵıУЩĲϵȷЩ鷳ֻƾһЩĲ𣬼ѵǰߣʵҲû߳Զȥ
һԺǽʦתͷֵĿǡ
Ȼ䣬ҿͻȻһӡǰңң˹ȥ
˴ĺ棬Ҳ̨ɽĺɽڣµһ᫵ɽ·һС
ʦңңĳһǷӡ֮ͻȻޱȵĴ񺰵ʦ塭ҡһصˡ
ꡭϺڴӺˡ
ɽڣӦ̨ɽĶ츣أⶴ츣סŵĹƶ̨ɽķޣ˵мĴС
ʦΪҲǲˡ
һкĸɮǼҲ
뵽бЩˣֱһ㳯ʦɱ˹ȥڱʦͬʱͻȻһ飬ҵǬ˱滹һһֱ棬Ǽùķһձʲôóˣˣ
ţұ㽫ǴǬ˱һ¸˳˲ƶʦߣһ㳯ĽŽ˹ȥڼȻѾȷϺһصԵףûʲôøˣȽŷ˵
ʦ˾ͷҳ˹ȥ˳ִ߰һ׳㳯˹еĴ峤һ¸նˣϺд󾪣תҪߣʱҷһţ㳯ĺ˹ȥϺһ±㱻߷˳ȥ
ϺзǿձѾߣৡǺüסȥ·ǿնһһĲϣ˵ľͲҪҶ
Ҳ׷Ϻеߣóлɢһ³˹ȥʦǶ㲻ȥˣһţӶʱ̱ȥ
ǡǵʲôˣʦֵ̿
˵أһЦ
ʱʦ۾еĴ棬ŵ㡭õձձˣ
һػԺǽǱ߽žͷ˼ӰҶһǻкһǡ
ۡסˡϽЩϺдҪһ߳߱һߴ˵
ǸոշԺǽãǵ׷һȺС
ºˣ˼Һö˶һ䣬Ǹ߰㡣
Ҽ˶ˣҲԣһץסʦӣһֻСһ㣬ָźɽɽĵ·˵ߣǴӺɽӳȥ
Ѿûκη֮ʦźɽСȥô˵ʦ׽ù鰸ˣҲûб¶ǵݡ
Ȼǰ˲ʮ׵ľ룬ǰ洦ͻȻһʲôӭҵ˹
󻹸ôˣ㿪϶ǲеģߵ˸ûκ׼Ƕ㲻
£ֱӾеĴ͵һ³ǰĶ˹ȥ
һ죬еĴ͵һҵҲŻζһ£Ҳһ
ʱŷղŴҵֻһͨͨʯͷСѾնأ˵ϡ
ôҴŶתǬƣܽĻһȻиǰˡ
ҳǰһ֮䣬ȻƾðλУҵǰ


2552 뿪
λи߰ȫռˣҵǰסҵȥ·
ӷ𡭡ʩǺηʥȻ̨ܵɽˡǲ̨̫ɽɮڷˣһϺˮĿңɫȻƽ֮ͣεŭ⡣
λз׷׵ÿжһߦȴϸĽ߹һֱǿҵĞųȻǷ𷨸֮
⼸Ϻй̨ɽΪǿһˣһƶڰϣƺ۾ȴǳ²ȵҾЩ¡
Ȼ俴λУжʱû˶ٵЩϺвסҪô׵ˡ
Ϊ˲¶ҵݣͻȻղűץʦ˵Ļˣ˵ձˡ
ǺðɣҾװһСձɡ
£ҽеĴǰŭ˸£·أ
һ㣬Ǽжʱܵˣ˴˿һۣƵĺܡ
һͷܸߵϺеʩȻձˣ̨ɽձ޹ϸ𣬲֪ʩΪҪǿ°̨ɽĵ򾻣
Ҳ֪ôش𣬽ٺܿ˵ȥһһ
˵ʵڵģ⼸ٿһЩԼձ
½ǼϺĸˣ˴˶һۣȫһ±Ƶ״̬
Ĺ򣬴̨ɽ֮Удзǽ˵ҲʮˣǼ˸ŰΧ
꣬ͲˣǱǼˡ
Ͽʦ֣ҪȻͽץˣȫ͵ص鴦ãһ߰ʮĴоеָͭǼ
Щ±ˣץҲ±״̬һңһתͷЩˣԼ϶Ҳ벻ͨô͵ձߡ
λʦ壬Ƕ˵ˣȽʦ˵˵ţǴбͭϺݺݵ
ߣһ±㽫ʦҵǰ棬ͭѾҪϵʱȴȻֹæ˻ȥ
ʦ֮ǰѴʦĲϣ˵ձʵûʶˣֻѧӣЩӲ˵ϿÿҪȻҾɱ
˵ţһǴսʦĲӣϸһǳǳĿӡ
Щжʱˣ׷ȥղͭҵĴжʱһ֣ŭҪʦ֣ҪȻ뿪̨ɽ
Ҫţ͸ϽÿҪȻɱҵ
ʱǸոմӶ츣гļеһվ˳˵ӷλʩʲôǺú˵˴Ƿ֮أ˶ʩ̨ɽˣȻԵɵģʩ˵Ǻúһ£ʦֶдľ̻ȻշΡ
˵ţǴпһץʦ˵򾻣εЩձ˵ģʵ
ʦ˿ңֿλɮһ޹˵ӡҲ֪Ϊʲôڲƭ˵Ҫһصʥƽұ㽫Լ˹û˵仰ǱԵӶˡ
ϼһװĵͦҳ΢΢һЦ˵ʦô
ʦɫ΢΢һȴҲûٽƱʲô
ϽÿҪȻҿɱˡٴв
λʩΪɱ򾻣Ǳȫôĸһᣬ򾻣Ȼ뿪ı̣˲ڿ˵һе
Сб뺰СţֻһС֣֪Լ˵©죬æĿڵС̫ɣǆˣڻ㣬ȴͺ뿪
ûĵϻһۣѾĲŽС̫أȫҶС̫ɡ
˵ͺѾҲһͺô
첻һǳȥˡ
ܿ죬ұһ⣬к޻֮ʦһԵǿȻŵ˵λ̨ɽĸɮʵǰ̨ɽȷʦģһ飬ʲôˡܸ֪˻ͻҲ˽⡣
ʲô϶ǲܴߵģҪʵĻʱáһϺе
˵˲ܸ˵ΪʲôҪأ˵ɣ뿪ҵ
Ҫ뿪ԣǽʦֵ˴ڵأǱ뿪̨ɽˡһЩģշһϺг˵


2553 ķ
ɨһλɮŵܴܲſǡ
⼸λϺУΪ϶ǲܴͣܲǣʵûе
ŵĽֿ꣬ʩչ콣˺ϴ辭ĻҾӦⲻ
ܵƣЩ˵ˡ
ֻǲǴĻҪ߳Щ̫ˡ
мƽһ˵ðȻֻдſǲ뿪Ļ²̼λɮֶΣͽ̰ɡ
˵ţұ㽫еĴһᣬǰ
˻һڣ˽Ծ
ȵĻ̨ɽЩǡ
ǵı飬϶һ֪ߵغ񣬶һԲѵĿ֮ͽ
ΪҴƤߣʵ£ʮҵӣһſڱҪս̨ɽλ޵ĸɮǲҪ˲Ż뷨
λɮҲĸ⣬Ǹղ˵ⷬϺУҲôһ˵û뵽ҾӦ
ǻ֪ҵĵϸûʲô̫ķӦ
ʩδҲ̫ˣλʦÿٶһӵķΪ΢ָҪǶϽۣʶĸϽ뿪ýܿࡣһվ˵
ղ˵ģҽλɮˣǱǴʦ뿪ҴˣǲߣҪɱҪϤ㡣ҵ
ðɣʩȻִˣֻ÷ˡϺǰһеĽ߹һţʱϵʯͷˡ
һһϣҵ
ĸһ㶣˴˶һۣЩиǷһ֮С̫ˣҪλɮһϡ
Ը㻹õλʦ֣±ǡϺг
ͽ̣ҽһᣬɫ
ʦܣΪͣһҪӱСġĸϵһѵ
ȻǴиûȥǱҸŭˡһеĽ߹һ㳯Ϻɨ˹ɽһ㣬ҹ
ŴӭϺжȥǶȥһǴ̶ֱȥ
һֱý꣬Щ̫ϰߣձʦ֣֮һѾʱƵȻЩ̫ʹһ߶ֹҪѳ֮ϻͷųһ˳ҵĳȥ
ùѵ˶ʲô³׻ᱻɣħԴ󷢡
ѰʱһֱҵǬ˱˯Ҳҵһá
ڸܵķ֮֮ҶʱȫǴ֮Ͽӿ˹ȥ
һǴʱ£һβڷ
ôʱԼǲҵ˶پֵΪˣΪνһ±һǴ´ġ
֮ұ㳯ʦ˹ȥ
ϺеĹ趯ɽƶҺܴѹһɨϣΪҲǳԲġ
ѴҲǷƷڹеʱ򣬵ܹ֮˵ʶĪӰ졣
һʼʮлԣʮ֮бԵЩϵ亹
ҷǵ֮ϵ趯ʱ򣬲ϳеȥжʼĳٻеĹҲʼûǰˡ
ֹ˼УץסһʱȻ߶ԦľõϵĻĲٵеϲƶȥ
иҴȻо죬ͷһĹұѾֱߣһдʩչؿڡ
Ǵƺһһƴ˳ȥ˵ϣһ̣ϸСĵ
ʦ塭ʦ桭һȺ̨ɽĺæб˹ȥҪ
֪ϻݺ⣬ЩһУʱգ׷׾ųźȥ
õĺ٣Ӧú֪ҶŵˣϵҲ٣֪ҲƵķŽס
ʮУұ㽫иڵأȻתȥС
˭Ҫԣ
ʱλ֮¶֮ɫû뵽һˣȻӵһϵһɮڵˡ
ɣʱһӺܸߵĴҲվ˳


2554 
⼸õķǽ߹߸ĺȻҲ⡣
ոǸһдƴɳȥڻû߸Ϻȴǰ
ϴǸֺеǰ֮Σ߸ĺб㲻ҡ
һǰǺϱӷ𡭡λʩǺηʥܹ֪һôδŽ֮һλ
СүǸʽģҲ豨ֻܴλŷ֮һкҪȥ죬ְɡЩ˵
ʵҲǹ̨ɽĴֻҪŭڷŭʱͻʧ˷磬һб¶Ҳпɳ֮
ϺйЩŭˣǽ߹㳯Ҵ˹
ѾʼЩ˳ˣȻаҲһܲĿ˵еķĿǰΪûʲôģȫܹ䷴֮
˵Щ̨ɽĴлǺܽģûһϣһҵ
ĸһϣҸо治һܹӦˣһڲܷŴе״̬֮¡
߸ĴеĹ֮лҪһЩ߹˿˿죬֮ǰп϶ԲҽҲеĴһ֮ڵķΧȴǽǽ߹ĳҶԵСһҵĴ֮ɢеӰܹࡣ
νһ糤һǿһһգǰжڹоѾյ˾裬дʦ緶
ƾżԴ߶ٰ˲صתŲȴǺѿеߣǽ߹ǻһӰ˸һƬʵǿ
һʮغϣҶûн£ֻùʼʩ߶ԦľͲľ֮õϵĻĲϲƶȥ
һУЧЩĲһ˲ǴеϣǴһ㶣еĽ߹ҲΪ֮һ٣ʱеĴֱӹ̣ĽŽ˹ȥĿıûл֮
Ȼϵʱ򣬶ʱһ
⵶ȥ֮󣬾Ȼ֮ϺеȾȻȸҪӲ޷֡
ʲôֶΣ
ô
ҷ㶵ʱǴеĽ߹㳯˹æٰ˲Щͱһҳˡ
˳ȥ֮ǴеĳһЦ˵һӵĽ񹦣ǹ룬ӵ򲻴ҺΣ
ѾģΪʰ㣿
һ˴ٴγϺп˹ȥϺԼ񹦻壬ǲܣҪҫ񹦣һΣҵؿն˹ȥһ죬ûпеĵ˻
ǴкǴ£ߺҵ
ðٽһҧ
ҪܿһۼˡϺе
һΣ˳ȥ֮ٴϿȥȻһοֻУһֻѾлɢ˳ڵȥһɲǣҵлɢһ
ҵĵȴδϡ
лɢһϺеϣʱòԾˣ۾˲ɵԲֱͦͦվ㡭㾹Ȼˣթ
°ǣ
΢΢һЦϺеӽһһ̱˵ϣûκη֮
ٸߵΪֻҪлɢ̱ȫʧûһ
ϺȻҲ⡣
ڶϺзŷ֮ҽתʣµλ
λϺĿң۾ﲨûһ˿ɡ
λɮ˭ҿǵ
ĸѾһ룬Щ̨ɽĴѾ±ˣһеͭޱȵĿҡ
ʱͻȻһۣһе󣡡
һ䣬ʮʮĴдȺ֮ʣµλϺҲйٵĽҸΧм䡣
ѾģҪȺŹ
ǴſĸǾͿ뿪ôЦһ
£뿪һŭ
С̫ɡǆˣǸϽɣҪʲôʱ򣬹糿Ҳ߲ģдҺ
תŻпȥʱ򣬷һŷݷ߻һΡ
Һܿϻ⣬һҪݷôķݷá


2555 ݶȥ
ϻһǴ治סݷǱ˸ոһţﻹûůȺҪóã̫˷ˡ
ûеĵزϻ֪ŪһŷݷжôĲף֪ҪķéɽЩ޶Ŭ
ҪֹϻҲˣѾŷݷʼ߶
ʱҲ˲ˣеħһ·߶ٰ˲㳯ŻǱ߷ɱȥ
һֱûжֵĴһҪߣʱƮеĽ߹㳯Ҵ˹
󵨿ͽߣ
һ˵ţ㽫еͭ˹
˵ʱʱ죬ǧһ֮ʣֱӽϽ𲧸˳߹ȥ
á䡱һ죬Ͻ˽߹ϣǽ߹˹ȥеϽҲ˻
ʱǼѾ֣˳ץסʦ
Ƿݷâһ֮䣬ֱӱ۾ֻһ۵糸죬˫űƽ֮ϡ
۾һѾ̨ɽɽ֮¡
ݷޣһ´ôˣ϶̫Զҹ·ûӳȥ
һأ˶ľѡ
չʱЩ̨ɽĴǲôĲ˵ôôĳȺŹˣ
Ҳûа취ˣС̫ôǿûĶֻ֣ȺŹˣߣܵǼˣǰ˴˭ƴף˸ȳһ
һϢƬ̣ʱڵϵʦǾֵĿǵ㡭ǾʲôˣΪҪĸǿ°
һصԵǰɣҵľ㣬һȥط˵ط֪ΪʲôҪˡҵ
ʦɫһЩҵ˵㡭˵ʲôסʲôһصԵס
ٺ١ϺУҴװͿҪûһѱҵǡգˮôһ¶ҳʵ
£Ϻв˵ˣͷȥĲǡǡ
˵ˣǸϽ߰ɣݷҲûнǴԶɽ£һЩи׷ˡǿЩѵ
ӦһȻк˵߰ɣϽ뿪Ƿ֮ء
˵ţұһѽʦС·ķȥһ˸ոûãʱԶԶĿһʻĴ򿪣̽һԴкߣ˿׷ˡ
˵éɽСûǰܵɽˡ
һк˳ķȥ
ȵ˽ǰСѾ³ӽŸˣǽʦ˳ϣ˽롣
һϳСţǰɳ۶ȥ
ҳźȥʱ򣬱㷢Щ̨ɽĴѾŹ׷˳ٶٿܹ׷ϳӣĹͱ˦ԶҲˡ
ҳһ¶ǽˡ
ʱʦѾǾˣ̧ͷһۣǾ˭Ҫʲô
Ͳùˣȵ˵ط֪֮ˡҿ
ҲҪװɣǽ°˳̨ɽŶưոݵġʦвʵ˵
С̫ɣϺͣɡЩͷ˵
ҾҲ٣ܿóҩһϺ۾һɣһ˹ȥ
ųԽԽԶǵǰ
ʱҲſһۻеϻƽ̸ķݷôıþ͸ˣ̫˷ˡ
ϻЩΪȻ˵˾£϶Уһǵľҵģʲôôߣʱ̨ɽЩп϶ǲܷ뿪ģзΪܸߣһϵĻͲòôˣֻҪһУǼ˵ݾҪ¶Ժǳ鷳ģŷݷ˵ˡ
ϻ˵ûҲЩп϶ưոݣ㽫ȫſ£Ҳ뿪ġչҲ͵
ǰչңղſ֪ܲЩѾڳ˷ħ޺̨ɽĿҾ˴УҲҿܵĿ죬ڹ治ġֵ
ϻһ˵Ҿ黹ͦصģʱǵȷ˵ҪţֻҲʲô


2556 Ⱥ
ϻ۾Ƚ϶һ۱ϳǷ̨ɽĿҾҪȻұǹ֮Уĺġ
۸ղգǶѾ˹ȥǻǽʦôɮ˹
ӿٵĳéɽķš
·ϣһ̲סʵСŸ磬㲻Ҫ˽ͷôôǱʦʶˣΪǹȥʦѾ鷭أȴǳôһӣЩ߲ˡ
Ƶ˵˭˵أҲ֪һ仰˵ˣеľ裬ҪȻʱһлɢˣֱӴ˱ߣҲֳ
⻹򵥣ȽдéɽǽŪˣһ±֪չ
ҲֻˣǽҳһصܶϣȫʦϣŷѾĽϺи׽˻ˣҲ޼ƿʩֻܵŰչˡ
ֻǵٴҵǵʱǹƱһƬȷѪˣΪٴγɽʱ򣬿϶Ǹӵж¯֮ĺӵ峹ںϣҲζָǰʮΪǶôֲһڡ
һ뵽ҾԼЩ
޷ʦõʲôõϢ¶鷳ˡ
˵ʱնԵЩһҲû˵ЦˣڳϣŴķ羰
˴éɽҲǺԶСʱ֮Ǳ㵽éɽ£С³֮һŴȥ֪ͨéɽǱߵˣ˵ԴʦȥˣȥӲ̨ɽЩѭټҵط
˵ȫһ˱Żȥʦֱéɽɽ
źɽéɽѾӵ֪ͨǺ䣬ֱӽ˷֮С
˷ûжãұ㿴վȺǵóˡ
ߴµĵӣһǱٵӭ˵λˣƶ֪齻ǿ϶ܹԲɣһ°
һίѾĿ϶֪˶ĥѣŽϼһ˻
Ȼ룬ȴǿ˵ǲʹʦ˻
ðɣλ࣬ƽ˵õ֪ͨȺλϽƶ߰ɡ˵ţһ֣㽫ǻȥʦн˹ȥųķȥ
éɽʱһɣǼһߵģصéɽʱѾǰʮ֣Ϧ£ϼ죬éɽӳյĺͮͮģմȾһѪɫ羰Ǻġ
ʱ˱˽ŲҴңֱƿĴţһ룬ƽ˺Ң˱ڴ֮еȺ
Ƕһȥʦϲɵöһϲ
λ࣬ʦ϶Ƿһɣƽ˿˵
˭˵أ̨ɽĴдһܣ̨ɽ츣еļи˳һн֪ƽϲʶе
㡭Ǿ̨ɽĴգƽһ㶣ЩԾ˵
Ĵջ̨ɽΪˣǽǶ˳ӳģҢҲæʵ
ٺ١ƽ˸ҵķݷҸˣ˵ãһȺ˶ܴһ׶ˣ̫Զֻܴǳȥһ·дĽЦǺǵ˵
ҿƽ˵ɫһ䣬϶ܼӣķ˺üķݷô͸˷һš
ƽҲûж˵ʲôתһ۵ŵʦȻСʿ˻֣˵ǳȥɡ
Сһ֣㵹߳˴˳㽫Ÿˡ
СŰ̽ʦһصԵôƽʵ
̽ˣʱʦʮ־裬˵飬Żش¾䣬ôҵطˣǲһصʲôж֮ġȷ֮ұ¶ʲôţˣž̨ɽЩУǴһܡҵ
СšûзǵݰɣҢ˲޵ǵ˵
ӦûаɡҶûҵĿҷţҲûʩչʲô̫Щɵ˵
ϻʱϽ𲧸˳̨ɽʥпܻᱩ¶ǵݡչ
ҵʱ͵һǣܿ㽫Ͻ˻Ӧûпɡ˵


2557 ʸڷ
ǾͲҪƽЩˣǿҲգûҲգѾʦǿ°˹Щ̨ɽĴһʱҲҲéɽǽ򾻴ʦݲˣһ̨ɽǱߵ֪һصԵף϶Ǹжµġһɫ
һ˵ûĸеʹ޵Īڳ֮ˣ̨ɽЩв֮ǰΪʦƴ֪ʦһصԵףͼıҪ̨ɽʱǱ̨ɽĵˣ˺޲ҧϵһʬΡ
éɽһһ֮ǰéɽҲǺ֮ǡ
һһص̨ɽ⣬ʦһˡ
˶һղ˵Ļѣʱƽ˱ҵСţʦ۾ϣȻŪɣƶһ
ӦһǬ˱óһڲʦ۾ϣȻס˫֣Žǿ޹˳ıһΣʦӶһ£۾
۾֮æӣʱлɢҩĶȫˣҲǻָΪֻţʲôҲʩչ
㡭˭ʲôطʦǸоˣЩҵ˵
򾻡֪Ϊαץôƽ˸ıɤе֣ǻһһ㡣
ʦԴƽ˵ķ̽˹ȥ䶯£ƺҪ˵˭϶ģһʱûзֱ
㡭Ǿ˭Ҫʲôʦֵ
Ƕ˵򣬰չСͻȻֻܣ׼ʦʼ¼Ҳһ֤ʱϼһֲˣҲûа취ƵͲһˡ
éɽĶ츣֮УֻûźţĹܻܹʹõġ
ֻҪʵʵشǵ⣬˵ٻԱ˿ͷԡв
֪ʲôʱǣ˵ˣǻĻ̨ɽôʦϣʵ
Ҿп̨ܻɽģȥ֮ʱƱɥ֮ʱˡ
ǿԷȥʵشǵ⡣ƽֵ
Ǻðɣң֪Ŀ϶˵ʦĿǰҲֻǡ
򾻣㣬ǲһصԵףƽֱӿżɽʵ
ʦһֱʸڷϵҲǡ
չⱩƢˣʱǰȥһű㽫ʦ߷ڵأͺҪԵףǡգˮδģǽƱٲ˵ʵŪ㣡
ʦ߷֮ڵϣȴҧ˵ֻſں˵˭֪Щڸʲǫ̂ɽĻϣ㽫ˮĵϣǾԲϵġ
ӲʵҲ뵽ģһԼһصԵףǵȴľֻ·һԾͳ˽ϵĹ˺򣬵ö֮ƾɵҲ׳顣
ʦ˰ɣûһЩѱҲὫ׽طǸƥѾ˳㻹Ʊ硣ҵ
ǽг˵һصԵףľôп˵éɽƽԵףһôɱҰɣɱҲǲϵģΪĸͲǣΪʲôҪϣʦһҧ֪ǣ˭Ҳûа취
һɫʱ
ʱóվҴ߰ɣǸطϼ죬Եͷ϶ˡ
˵ǸطȻǹڤéɽ֮ɫڣĿǰ˵ûܹסǵط˺֮ࡣ
ƽҲ޿κΣ˰֣˵ȥɣʲôʱ˵ˣٽ
Ӧһ˵һѽϵʦ󲽶ȥǸоĺһˣһֻСèСһ㣬ʮɡ
סʦԵЩ˭Ҫȥ̨ɽλʦʬΣ
ûߵſڣ˱һʦĺϣֱӽ˹ȥһͻȻͱİ
ͺֲˣզ죿Ҫſڣһʮ׵顣չЩƵ˵


2558 ֮
Ҿ¶õģéɽĹڤǵڤһڣΪֹûܹסҾʦǰ̰֮϶Ųס죬Թ˿ͷ϶йģҪȻҲͶһصǵ߹ҵ
СŸ˵ǣ˺ʦһ֮ڹڤôòŴйΪжźʦҪԼһ·Ȱճʱܹһ̰֮ˣ϶ܲסéɽڤ̷չҲ͵
ƽ˲ÿɷĵ˵ͷ˵ڤǸڣȷ˼ٴ֮ڹڤܷ޷ֵ˺֮ʹõģѾʮֺˡˣéɽϼգˣʦڵʱ֪ͨǱǡ
˷׷׵ͷҲֻôˡ
ǼҲûʲôرҪ飬éɽϼҲδɡ
ãҸĸͰչĸĸҲסéɽʱÿǶϡ
СֿȥҢ˺͹ūȥˣͬʱҢҲԶһЩСһЩ֮
һ䣬˹ִǱƽˣ뿪㳯éɽСķȥ
յéɽСһƬ͵ľ󣬽ֵϻС̣ﻻһϴéɽѣéɽСϵ˱ɱ˴룬ʮһҲֻмʮ˼ңȻ֮ġ
ղŴҢĵʱ˵éɽѾɫһЩʺһЩĵéɽˡ
éɽУһҪéɽЩéɽѧ˱£éɽˣֻҪѧĵλǿ뿪éɽԼ濪֦ɢҶģȻҲͽ
һЩ뿪éɽĵյͽܣҲéɽӣֻŵˡ
үʦéɽŵүҲéɽӣֻŵӣү֮һ˵Ҳéɽ֮ҲéɽŵӣΪе󲿷ֵĸéɽġ
һδսéɽ룬ڣĳû̫ʧéɽ֮ϻһˣéɽԶ
ջûأ㽫ڵңéɽɽǻɽʧأһ֮ʱһֲľ
éɽŻȲҪҵյ䣬ѿ֮о˭Ҳ뿴ѪɺӣͿ̿³
éɽ֮ϣĸ֪ѾʬϢҲǷণΣƽʱ̫ˣһٶ֮Ҫһս;ĳȣ;ǧգֻҪɹһأҵܻܽİ֮ȢؼңȵĹСӡ
Ưʱ̫ˣҪһޡ
һ뵽Щ飬ұԶǧ֮ӣ֪ûҡ
Ҷ˼һһղ֮С
ϣǼ˱éɽСסҰ³ֵܼһʮֿɿڵķˡ
˶ԼֵģѼҲԼģ㶼Ǵéɽ츣֮еϪ֮׽ģζԵĴɫȾҸĸֺܺãԵũҲˣһΧһ𣬴ãԵĲֺ
㣬éɽǹңӣһֱʱиƽߵСӹ֪ͨǣ˵ƽǼһˡ
һ˵ҪȥǼ˶ʱ㼤ʦ϶йˡ
λС϶֪飬ʦ׽飬éɽ֪˲࣬Ǽ˲ʡ
кһ˺ܿһ𣬱Сٴγķ첽ȥ
λСֻǴſڣһ߿ˡ
ֱƿĴţ㿴ƽ˺ҢˣԼ˶ڡ
Ϲŵʦ۾֮һڲ˫֮ҲǴ
Ǽ˿첽ߵߣ˴΢΢ͷ
й𣿡һұȲʵ
ƽ˵˵ͷ˼ˡ
Ȼұ㳯ʦϿȥ̶ҵĹ⾰ʦһȦģȥ֮ǰ˻Ҫ࣬˵ľȫĥɾˡ
һͷһ۰չչܿҵ⣬ֻ˳׼ʦ¼ʡԺʸڷϡ
ʦǳԹͷ˰ɣǲͨˣûʲôҪ˵ģҿʵ


2559 ĳ
ʦݺݵһĭЩ˵롭ͨˡ
⣬ҪʵʵĻشʵЩѾ֪ˣȷһ£˵һٻǾͽ͵Ǹط죬ʲôˣٽеʱţǿ档ҵ
ʲô˵֪ȫǡŅ֣̀ǧٽ͵Ǹطˣһɱģһʹġʦޱȵ˵
һʦ˵Ǽ˶һЦʦˣ¼ǹڤһڣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
һȻʵʦʵ㵽ǲһصԵף
ǡ֮ǰʶҵģ˵һصܶճ֮ʱҪ̤ƽ̨ɽһӦᱣ̨ɽĸ̨ɽס֡ҲΪ̨ɽ룬Թ˳һصΪ˰ճ֮ʱ̨ܹɽһϲ𡭡ȫٰ֮ʦ˵
Ϻ˵ĺ̰˵ôûʣ˵ʲôΪ̨ɽ룬ҿȫΪԼ롣
Ҳٴʵ㣬ȥ̨ɽװһصܶ˸Ӵʱôʶҵģ
ʦһ£˵ʱʱҵʱһʼһһصܶˣ˵һصܶҪд֪ͨĵʱĵʱ˷ΪǰЩʱգĸһˣңһصҪݷ꣬дĶʱΧéɽʱܶéɽ֮ʱһʶܵ˴ˣҲûȫǾ߽ʬ峹ںϣʮΪҲûȫָҪдĶҲҪȵ֮ԣĵʱ˷
ʱҲѣ˵лɢʦʱô˷Ӧָڵסˣԭ仰¶
ͣһ£ٴʵһ⣬ϣʦúûش𡣡
˵֪һ㡣ʦæ
һصܶ滹аղڣ֪ôҳʵ
ǽʦ°Ҫ⣬ʳ仰ʱ˵ĿⶼʦԵЩ
һʳ⣬ʦǱסβ͵èĶһ£˵治֪ûи߹ġ
ԭϣʱȫָоͺ˲ƱԽʱ򣬷ֻһֲԵʧС
ѵǰæһɣ
һʹɱﵣ˵ʦ㻹ǲ˵ʵҲûʲô˵ˣֱӽ߰ɡ
һ䣬չʱ˹һѳסʦ·㳯ȥ
ʦȻ֪Ҫȥʲôطʱ֣ձȥ߰׵ľ룬ʦȵȡĻлҪ˵
ҳŰչʹһɫչ˵ͷֽʦ˻˵ϡ
ʦʲôûУ
ġԼ֪һһصܶ飬Ҳȷʦ˵
첻˵ʵҲ֤һ£ڵǸطǲǡֿͷģʱͻȻ˵䳤Ϊʱʹ䳤һصܶ䣬䳤ֻ˵һֱԱˡ
˵㻰ҲֻҪթʦһ£֪Ѿ֪ˡ
ʵҲ֪һ֡
Ȼ£ʦ϶ԱĽƣ˶㣬˭ҸһصʲôӴ
ڣһصҪЩͶһصһЩͷġ
˵֣ʦԵЩæԶԶԡǡֿͷһطҼǵ˵һ䣬˵ҪشĳˡҲ֪ĳǾǲһصܶ棬֪Ҳôˡ
ĳǣתͷˣ˶һãɫƽ˺˶һɻɫҲ֪ط
ĳ˭֪չɨһˣ
˶ҡͷʾ֪
Ȼұʦĳڻĵĸλǲڻĵľڣ
ʦæҡͷľͲ֪ˣҲûרŸ˵ֻԼ·Ըôһ䣬ҲҶʡ


2560 ˫Ե
鵽زҸо򾻴ʦĿҲõʲôõļֵˣʵҲˣʵûɶ˵ģֻ򾻴ʦδãֳһ⡣
ǽ򾻴ʦɱˣ̨ɽҹ϶Ǹ鷳ɱɣһéɽҲǸŻȥ˵
ʱƽͻȻߵ򾻴ʦߣһ¾ͳ򾻴ʦ۾ϵĺɴ
򾻴ʦ첻գ۾ȻЩӦˣͣգ۾
Ҳ֪ƽΪλʦǵıĿ
һ֮󣬵ʦӦ˹֮󣬱̧ͷһվǰéɽƽˣʱһ⡭ô㣿ˡ
ƶ˽°ġ˵˵
ʱ򾻴ʦĹһۣ߻վéɽóϺ͹ڵҢˣԼǼˣǻֲ̿
ƽ̡⡭ô㣬ԭһжĹһЩˣʦʱЩŭˡ
ʦУƽ̵Ӧø࣬һéɽƽ̣һƻɽĻϣƾʲôҪ°éɽ
ңʦƶû뵽㾹ȻһصԵסƽ˵
Ҳû뵽һéɽƽ̣ȻϽصİﵽΪϺеĵͻȻˣܾǰˣû֮ǰǰηˡ
ƶڿһصԵף˵ö֮ƶɱΣƽ˵
ⶼǱġھͷңҪ̨ɽˡʦŭ
ʦҲɲҰĵطΪǻƽ޹ʵĽ׽õéɽôҴéĳ˽˳ǲŽ˴˴ǰ
֪ʦȷһߣ˵ðȺéɽϵéɽǵ֮ףŴɣԲŸ̨ɽĻôǽĴȵ̨ɽҵ˴ûǵĺùӳԣƽ۸ҷ֮ûô
ʦĻһ䣬Ƣİչͱ˹ȥһʦϣһεĽڵء
ͺղŻǰӷǰɣŲٽڤȥ죡
ɱİɣʱ̨ɽ֪éɽ°éɽؽϸéɽ鷳ҿǵʱճʦЦһ
չҲǻһЦŽֻ˳˸ղ¼ƵʦйƵһۡ
ʦڵϣΨΨŵŵԼһصԵףҲ˵һص֮ܶأƵõ֤ݣʦǰٿĪ硣
һƵʦʱɫͺֵ㡭ǡ
ʲô㣬ͷ֤ݶڣǽɱˣ̨ɽҲ˵һ䲻ʦ㻹ʲô˵ģǰһ
£ʦǳ׵ķˣͷȥЩͷɥ˵㡭ǾҪʲô
ƶʲôһ㽫ſͻ̨ɽƽ˵
ڳ˶һ㶣ôҲû뵽ƽ̻ľ߳ľ߿϶ĵĿǰҲʣҲòӡ
ʦҲоʮ־Щ˵ƽ̡ʲô˼
㻹ą̊́ɽĻϣҲԼһصԵףǷȥҲǰ׷ŵģϣһ˫Եףߴ̽ϢһصܶڣԼյϢһصʲôжҲҪ֪ͨǣҪȻƶ㽫һصԵ׵֪£ԺشҲ޴ƽɫ
˵æشúúáһаƽ˵ķԸʲôʱĻ̨ɽ
ȥȲżƶлû˵ꡣƽ˵ţ㳯߿˹Ŀһϣ˵һҼǵһֻƳ棬ǹмƷʱóһˡ
ȥԭƽҲ˵հûпܿұ˼ҵ⡣
һӦһ΢΢һЦһ֣ǧƱϷ˳ζЩֵתȦĳʦ˹ȥ
ʦޱȣǧƱȿţͷ滹Ҫ־壬æ˵㡭Ҫʲô
δ䣬ǧƱ㳯ʦȥѸٵ֮С


2561 ɱ֮
ǧһʦ壬ʦһֱͦͦվһ㡣
֮䣬ǧƱʦ˳һ֮С
һ̣ʦ˱йƤһ㣬ȥ
ʦˣƽ˻һӣʦµʲôƣ
һֹƣĹƣƶ֮ʱڵӹƻɼѪ⣬ʳһգƳһƤȫƳϣüСʱ֮˲Ż᳹ǱȽϲҵһһ˵⻰ʱ۾һֱʦϻЦеģ˵һϡƽ֮¡
ʦһĻ֮亹ʱð˳һڵء
Ȼƽ˻ݣɵʵӰĹпɽ֮ô
п϶еģ廹ϵˣǧǹ֮µĹƶƣֻԼɽ⣬ҲⲻǧµĹƣƻһǧ֮ɴ߶ƶĿܣ״ҾͲ˵ˣһ쳣ʹࡣһЦ˵
ƽ˵˵ͷȻʦ˵ʦղĻˣƣƶֻǧƿɽ⣬ǹԹԵȥúðǴ̽Ϣ֮ƶһƵģ㿴Σ
ʦһǲӦҲôӦˡ
˺һŵһаƽ˷ԸǣֻơһԼͷ˰ɣ
㲻õģѰʱ򣬹ƶһֱ̲۲죬ֻǧƴ߶ʱ򣬹ƶŻᷢ㲻͹ԹԵඡһ
ðɣƶһʦ뿪éɽƶһЩҸ߶֮һʲôϢô֪ͨƶǡƽ˵
Ķлƽ˲ɱ֮ʦϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
ص̨ɽ֪֮ô˵ɣҿʦ
֪˵ǳڰ·éɽˣĸʦ
ɵҲ֣ƽ˵˵ͷֵðɣʦܣʦɽȥɡ
˵˵ͷ߹ȥʦɽʱʦδߵʱ۾ͻȻߣ˵λСʦǽϵĺ֮ɱħɣ
תʦҡ
ֲô£ż˱ȥ̨ɽĸԭǽʢġסʧʧʦ
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ʦһߣŸ˸ط
Ң˴ʱƽˣ΢Ц˵ƽʦ취ãһ˫񰡣ղƶδʦԭƽʦ˶Բߡ
Ŀǰ˵õİ취ʦɱˣѺéɽЩףҲ˵̨ɽܲҵéɽǲҵߣһصǱҲ裬֪ʦѾˣǱıԣǸͷʦŻȥֻһصǱҲǰһ˫۾ƽ˿ǵ
éɽƽ̣˵ϸûˢӻ˼λãС
˱㿪ʼղʦ͸©飬˵һصܶпһĳǵĵطҽʾ֭Ҳ޷Ժ֮һڡ
ʱұ㿴˰չСףСǴѧ֪ıǶһЩ֪ндĳǵĵطô
չҲһε˵һ治֪û˵ط
Ȼ˱㿴éɽƽˣ˽ʾ֭һҲҡͷʾ֪
ʱϻһĴȣ˵Ǿû᲻ͺҲ֪һصܶλãһطŪأطͲڵģǺٴαͽڤܿࡣ
ƶʦӦòĻѻƭǣҲУղƶһֱʦ۾ȥ˵ٻҢ˵
һûֿܣĳȷʵڣǹʱĳνԴӽԺ󣬺ܶˣһȥֻϣûڡչ
Ҳãǲ֪֪ƶһȥ磬ʵʦ棬˼һ֪ĳطƽ˵


2562 һ֪
˵ҲǣéɽǸɻ˶ˣϳɾ֪Ŀ϶Ƕ࣬ʶĿ϶ҲһЩƽȥ˼ңȷһİ취
ƽ˵ȥȥ֪һ˸ȥصéɽС򣬵ȴƽ˵Ϣ
صéɽС֮б㿪ʼ㷲ÿ˵Ժﶼšĳǡ֡
ĺ֣˶ڡĳǡطǵһ˵֮ǰδš
һһԴҲ֪һʲôڡ
Ѿʼˣھͺˣ϶ܸһ⣬ûɶ⣬ǲһ¡
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һ¶ұ˰չǡ˵ʱȥ˳صéɽ֮Ҳæȥ׽ʦʣˣеĴʯͷ˵ء
չǸ˵ȥʡݵʱѾ˹Ǵβ˵Ĳ̫ȥ˼ˣٹʮµľͿԻָ
о׻ǲȱǵĹͷʦû͸о㣬ʲô鶼Щĵġ
éɽС˰죬ʱƽֱӾéɽС򣬹ҵǡ
Ұһƽ˹ˣȻǵˮ裬ƽ˻磬ѰʱƽӦҲ˴
ƽ˹ǣǼ֮ܳС
˼ǸҸĸ˼䣬㽫ǼеԺһȥұȲʵƽˣʦ˼֪ĳǸطô
ƽ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵ʦһٶһֱéɽţƶѾʹˣ˼Ҳ֪ǴĳǸʲôڣʦƶһ飬һ֪Ǹڡ
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Сŵĸүģүû¶ϲڤظȪҲȥ磬ܶطȥˣʮַḻ˼һܹҵһЩߡƽ˵
Ū˰죬תҸү¶ԽԽ˼ˡ
Ҹүأ治˵ڤ֮ұ˰ʱҾͼҸүһӰɽһСʱʱתƵǧ֮ĵطֶγ뻯п֪
¶ҲҸү֪һء
ҵǴĳǵڣƾǾ׼ˣҲֱɱܶ棬ȥҰյ鷳ǸûʲôǿսҸүһȺһļƷ֡
ǼҲ͸Ǵ֣ոɼܣǼ
뵽ұӦ˵ǺðɣǼɽȥҸүʣ֪֪ĳط
ðɣȥõȷеϢǵ֪ͨéɽһéɽ㾡ȫҲҪǰոͬʱéɽҲ֪ͨɣ·ȫһһͬɱĳǣƽɫ
ͬСɣûȷеϢ֮ǰλмǧ򲻿ø֪ƶ֪ͨɵĸ֣ҲֻǾСΧ֪ͨһ£ƽֵ
õģƽģǼͶʵءҵ
ھͳɣԽԽãѵʱԽջָΪʱԽ࣬Խǲ뾡㡣
ǼͷȻƽָһЩ뿪˴˴
ܽǶҵ飬æǱҺͰչĸĸ֮˱Ҵҵɽ˳ӣֱ³ضȥ
Ȼص³غҶ֮Ѿǰҹʱ֣ҿ϶ȥҸүҲЩƣˣҵط˯¡
ڶһ磬Ҽɣָĺܺãµ߶Ѿȫûˣڳ緹ʱǼһһ顣
Щûڲѣ˵ôĺ飬һҲûиϣǴĳǵ飬϶ҪȥˣʱҲҪúõĻָһ壬ȵʮȫ
˴һ˵Цָоֻˡ
ȴ쳣ĳأ֪ǵõĳǡϢǱϲȷһҪ϶ˡ
˵Ǽ˵СҲҪС
԰緹ҿųӣֱҸүǸӵڶȥ
ǵһȥˣһμ죬Сʱ֮ʱ֣ұǴڣҸүҵķţǸһƣоߵһ磬Ȼұ㿴һͷ˵İڲԶĿҡ


2563 ڣʯ
ͷǾǳɾˣҿͷǵ۾ʱܸо۾һǣǻۣŭʱӣâڱ֮С
Ҳǵһμˣ֪ҸүޣȻҵЩ⣬һʮֿ˵λǴ磬Ҹүڼôͷͨ˵ӹݼ˼ˡ
ǰǿһۣȻҵ˵ͷȻתܶȥһ㲻Ӱ
үסСҶûôɵҲͦĵģǱ㻺ŷ֮ȥ
ʵСһָС죬Ȼ޷éɽֶ츣ȣѰҲҲطģܵκθš
֮ⷨڸĲǺܴǰһƬС֣ܹˮ
ҴС֣ǰȥвʱ㿴ԶһľͷķӣûԺӣֲܶĸֹϹңЩ˹ӡ
ߵſڣ㿴ҸүߣӣŽѾͷǴԺ˳øһ档
ү΢΢һЦȻĴźʵһɷǵʡ
ӣҹˣҸү϶¶ɣ
Ӧһ˵˼¶Ҫ˵
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үϵЦͻȻʧˣ˵ͷ˵Ϸġ
˽Ųǵ˹ȥ棬ʱҸһѣǰ̵оǻһû뵽ү㾫տĵգֱǴʦĽ
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үλŮ˭ѿڶ
̡ү֪ʲôʱߵҵ󣬳Ŀ֮顣
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ˡˣڿʱӣү֮Բ뿪Ҫһ̫µˡ
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ʱҲžԼʧˣ϶Ǵ˸үʹ¶Ͳʵġ
£ֱӹ˸̵ķڣ֮ǰصĿͷޱȵ˵СŸ̿ͷˡ
ɺӣһܹܵһƬТĵģүģүι϶кҪҪ˵ɣүתһ˹ȥҿʱ־һͨˡ
үӱȻҲǸΪ֮ˣ˼ҵʯ˵ڣֱԺʯڣô꣬Ļ糹׶Ͼ
үӵ̲Ǹүȫ磬ڣӵһУߣǷڣʯߣҲһֱ޷Ҹɡ
ҲĿˣүүһƬġ
Һ͸ү˶棬һû˵үͲ˵ʵүôһͣҲûʲôˣְֻЩ֮δ˽ᣬô뿪
үЩܵ˵
˺ˡЩˣ˵˵ɣСҸүΪ£ү˰˵
һ˵ǺѾܶ䣬Լղˡ


2564 һ
˵үɫһʵ˵Ŀɵ棬Ϣȷ𣿡
ϢҲ̫ȷ֮ǰպͺˮʥ̵ܹ֮ö֮ĹéɽΪػéɽɽŴĳһصԵףéɽԵ׵Ĳֻһˣһéĳˣ˵ҲһصԵףɱڹڤܷˣҽ׽ûéɽ˹̨ɽĻʦҲһصԵףҽ̨ɽéɽһŹһصܶڡ
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ҵĽ֮󣬸үƬ̣ɫʦô˵ģһصܶʲôط
ʦʵ˵һطԼ̫ȷǸطһСĳǡڣ˶Ϳˣ˭Ҳû˵ط֮ǰéɽʱƽ˻ȥ˵ʦ˼ңˣ˼Ҳ֪ҹ
˵⻰ʱҵĿһֱŸү˵ĳǡֵʱ򣬸үɫѾˣЩģҾú˵Ļһ˶档
˵֮󣬼үûлӦٴ˵ү˼֪ĳط𣿡
үŻعЩ˵ԭղǸطֲñ¶Ҳټ
үô˵϶֪ˣϲ
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ռ֮ڣȷе˵һ磬үٸӣ㵱ΪһСڤ֮صȥұ˰ڤ֮ر㲻磬һռ䣬ĳǾڤ֮زĴڣҲڤ֮صһ졣
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ĳǣүҲûȥҲֻ˵ѣĳһƬˮ򣬽ˮԨˮǺɫģǧߣˮиδޣޱȣȫʳޣүˮԨıԵشδ̤ˮԨȴǰȥǰ˵ˮԨмһܴĵ죬ͽĳǣǴĳ֮ҲǸޱأһЩľסЩ˲ϵˣ϶ǰˣ˳˻ͷԴ˳˰첲ι״ġȻЩҲֻǸү֮ǰǰ˵ģǼҲ޷ֱ档үҽ͵
Ҳ˵˼ȥˮԨʱ򣬰յһصܶ滹ûǨƵǴĳ֮УҺʵ
үҡҡͷ˵үͲ֪ˣ֮Ǵĳǲһ׵飬Ҳ˵ˮԨеգǴĳеҲһص˺һˣܹһصܶǨƵĳǣȻиָ㣬˱Ȼһصڲˡ
үտ϶ܹ飬ǰҲֻҲӵж¯֮ӤʬģǽһصܶǨĳǵ˿϶ǰˡҵ
үÿɷ˵ү飬һֱڱսʬ飬ƶģ˽֪һصܶգһ˲İһص󻤷ô
ҡҡͷ˵ûû˭֪
ʮأһֱһصܶ治¶棬ϴΧéɽôҪ飬û¶棬˵˺ܲ򵥣ǲòүֵ
үڸô찡ҪҪȥĳǿһʵ
ǽʦ°éɽ飬֪˶಻࣬ʦδõģүʵ
΢΢һЦ˵үģʦǴéɽ֮ʳ˴ĳǵϢžͽŻ̨ɽĹƣһصԲᱻһص˷ġ
ãһص˷ʦ¶ţ϶ĳǿ϶ҪȥƣͲˣүǼֵܣȥĳƣȿһصܶ˵ڲڴĳ˵ɡү
𰡣үô̼飬˼ôܲȥҲȥ氡Ҽ


2565 ү
ĳǵط̫գүҶ̤Ǹط˭Ҳ֪ǵطʲô飬ǼϼһȥҲûףСӾͲҪȥˣҵĶ磬һиʧүɵΡү΢Ц˵
ҺٺһЦ˵үڽϴô꣬ͲǸˣһصĴϻ϶֣ˮʥ̵ĶźҲɱģһ꣬˺ϴ辭֪˶ٸֵΪ˼ĲõҵİΣ
үңϸһۣͷǰ⼸үȻûһֱߣҲǿɳģܹô̵ʱڣﵽֵزȫ˸ү֮⣬ĽǼϼһ֮⣬ҲûĶˣҵֶûҶˡ
˵ţү£ͻȻվ˵Сӣҳǳȥүʲôˡ
һ£Щֵ̿վæֵү𡭡ôܸ˼Ҷ֣Ǵ󲻾顣
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û¸үҸзˡҺٺЦ
߰ɣȥѣڸүſڶ֣ܶǸүֵĹϹңΧֵĲˣһ򣬸үҪˡ
˵䣬ү˽Ųȥ
ҽүһֱ߳һ·үתСӣǧҪү֣жͶʩչҪȻүԲΪ״ﵽһʲô̶ȡ
ү涯ְһǾԼԸү²ȥ֡
үûлػϵ꽣ˡˡһ죬ֱӴıϷ˳˰֮Уٵתһתĳ֣ǽͶ׼ҵĿڡ
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ɷ˵үһץס꽣ֱɱ
ҽżһ棬˲Ʈ˳ȥһ֣ԾȻҲһ㳯Ÿүе꽣ն˹ȥ
ү̫ˣХɽѹǴķӭһ˺ʹ
㣬ҸоүӦҲǸ֣ûʩչȫүΪĳ˰֮⣬ǿһû֮һ
үˣﻹаиֻпٵĴ߶㽫еı¶ʩչҪȻ濹סҸүֶΣƨǿ϶ˡ
һ֣еĽүӵ꽣ײһ𣬶ʱһɾĽֶ
֪үеĽûƬ̵ͣ٣һ֣ǽৼֳϵļҪն˹
ʼ⼸Уȫûʲôмֻ֮бүƵˡ
ţұ߶ԦľͲľ֮õ֮ϿٵĴ׳ү˫֮ϲƶȥ
үӽŲһ٣ͷһۣ΢΢ЦСӣе˼ѧ˲ֶΡ
δ䣬үŲһ㽫Щһ㻬Ʈ֮䣬ЩҲ޷סү˫ˣΪүӵٶ̫ˣƺܹжϳĹ켣Ӷܹٵ㿪
ҳŸүӦЩĲʱ򣬽Ŵ߶콣һɨǧɨ˳ȥűһл㾦ֲɱ಻һһǵĳŸүɱȥ
үͬʱҲ꽣ʩչһģһʽͬҲ콣ʲôʽʲôʽȻһеٶҪҿࡣ
߽ϵĴǿĺ֮ڰ֮бѿ
Ҹү֮䣬콣ʽԽԽͣеײг̶Ҳһһ绢ƾ
֮ϳһݺĹ֣𣬺֮ڶ
ҵĽүӵ콣֮Уÿʩչһеʱ򣬶֮
ÿһƴһҶоҵľ𣬵һ֮С
űǻ죬޴Ļڰ֮вƣܵĿʱϡоЩЩѡ
ʢ⼤ҵĺʤ֮ģҲôľͱҸүܣ±ʩչΪǿһС죡
˺˼ϵԼǰȻŴ߶˷ķš
үʩչһзʱ򣬾ȻͣվڲԶЦеĿңȻһҲš
ٶȣǷʽʩչ˳һһӽ֮˳ֱȥ


2566 һȥ
ͷ֮ϣܲ磬һ֮ԽԽд󲻶ʵ֮ڷ֮в˾޴֮涼Ϊ֮
ۿ֮Ҫ£үϲԵЩ߾е꽣һ죡
һȣһ˲ʹӽ֮ϱӭͷ֮Ǿ޴֮ͳ˹ȥ
һĻѾ𾪵Ŀɿڴˡ
ʩչеʱҪһʱ䣬֮ܽе֮ٻЩүӸòţ߶֮ʱ˲һ㻹Ҫһʱ䡣
ƴʱҹͱҸүһиɵˡ
һֱΪڵΪѾǿ˰֮⣬κ˶Ὣɱĵز
ǿʱ˿̵ĸүǿΪҲ֪һкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ʲôǲ࣬ǰĸүˡ
˲ײһͬʱһ޴˻֮ХҺ͸ү졣
һ̣Һ͸үͬʱζΣһεĶƴһѽཻ֯ײһʮغϣڸүʱһ´߶ƺʹƣ˼£Ҹүȥ
үĻӶһƣӭ泯
үһƳҴаϲү϶֪һдʽ¿϶ҪԴˣһЩģƵ³үˡ
Ȼ˵ײһʱһɽҹҴ³ͳȥ㱻үĴһ֮ɻˣˣҸоЩ⻹˹ʱһһ鷳
ƶײһҲֻһɲǵʱ䣬ұ㱻˳ȥһ˺üסεʱȥүȴվһֽ
Խ㣬еĺʤ֮ľԽǿǽһգֱſ˫֣ʼʩչ˴С˺ϴ辭
үһ֣˵ˣүһУΪүѾ֪Ļȥĳһɡ
һϲæ˺ϴ辭үȥ
ѵү˵Цɣү˽꣬˹
̫ˣڿԸү˼һʶʶˡҼ
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Уʲôʱȥү֪ͨһͺãʱȺϢҼ˵ţȻֵүһһ󣬲֪˼Ҵ𲻴Ӧ
л˵ôŤŤġ
ɶǼ֪飬ҲڼﰲֵĴţܲǸһȥֵܼһʵǺǿġҿͰ͵ĿŸү
¶ɶϷôȥĿ̫ˣ಻㣬ȥĳǲǹȥҰƴģֻȥ̽Ϣȷһһصܶ浽ڲڴĳǣȥôʲôү
вЩʧ䣬ʵˣô˹ȥȷĿ̫ˣҲֻӦ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣһҪ֪һģ⣬éɽƽǱҲڵҵĻӦ
ү˵ͷ˵֪ԽԽãڿԿƵķΧ֮ڣһص֪ˣǱȥ޻ء
ðɣҾȻȥϢéɽƽ̸Ĵȷˣ˼֪ͨҾͺá
үӹ˴˵СӾȻȥɣҲ֮ڣ¶ƾܶ
ҸүӸǣҪת뿪ʱͻȻһ飬˸үղҸƴһƵʱ򣬲ƣһд̺УΪܴ˼մˣ⻹˹ô¶
ү΢΢һЦ˵үͣ߹·С߹Ŷ࣬ͻȻƷʱ򣬸үоЩͷȻ˲ÞųӦ̺⣬ǱЩСֶΣˡСΪѾǺܲˣֶҲǲǷЩ㻹ᣬкܳ·Ҫߣ¶Ҳżá
ܹõүߵҲĲУȻұ˸үֱӳСҵԼĳӣźҶȵķȥһصЩüĿˣһ뵽ܿɱܶ棬⻹ЩȻ


2567 ̩ɽɽ
ڻȥ·ϣҵԺٴθֳ˸үſڵʯʯˣ˿϶ĲУүʱ򣬱ȻҲ緢޸ǳ
Ȼ뵽Ṇ̀ͬʱ뵽һ飬үȻֵţѵûкôеĻʲôطΪʲôûүأ
֪һˣѾ߳Զܲ۷ȥʡ
һл˵ɡ
ܿ죬ұص˺ҶȣֵܼһҲƽָڣ˵һҸү顣
ǵ֪ү֪ĳʵڣһ֪ķλʱ˶ĲУ׷ĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ˣ治ǵͷˮҲûа취顣
ҽү˵飬˵һ£Ҳ˵ȥĳǣֻҸҸү⼸һͬǰȥȥĳֻһصܶ浽ڲڴĳǣǰյϢǹȥһصĵġ
ƾҪһص̫ܶˡ
֮Ȼپۼɵĸ֣һصܶһͻȻϮʤİա
Ȼ˵Ѿίˣ˵ɫǶЩ̫ÿ
ǻУƲŸ죬һԸ˵Сţ԰үӾʹһȥҲǣǲǾΪ㣬׸
ҿڣϻСӱ䳰ȷģΪǴĳ˵ȥȥĵطôһȥôˣĿ̫ˣǱһ۾ʶˣ
СŸ硭һڴĳǱһص˷ô죿һЩǵʵ
Ҳֻ֪ܾȡһص˷֡ؼڣ˭Ҳȷһص˵ڲڴĳǣֻеǵǸط֪ҵ
ôȥĳǰɣһգô֪ͨǣٶȸϵȥ֧Ԯǣʱéɽ϶Ҳ˹ȥġչ
Ҳ֪ôȥĳǣҸүҲûи˵ʱ֪ͨǰɡҵ
ùڴĳǵ飬Ҳû۳ʲôüĿԻصԼĵطϢȥˣоǼЩɺ
ʵһȥô꣬һҲϰˣȻ任˴үһ𣬺ܲϰߣ϶þн
˵飬Ȼô֪ͨƽһ˵ĳѾȷˣȷǸطұ͸үǰȥĳǡ
ƽҼ̵Ļ㱨֮󣬱쳣ĳȣֻǻһ֪ˣȻŴȼմ
Ҳ֪ƽôģΪ˵ǲǱҲԼĴ㣬ҾͲ֪ˡ
ںҶȴһʱ䣬Լ֮Ҳŵõ˸үĻӦ˼ȼһŴ֪ͨ³ص̩ɽĺɽϡ
һûǵ̩ɽĺɽʲôطŴոɾˡ
⴫ʲôãҲʲôźţ߶ɴǧ֮⣬ֻһط̫ãʱ̫̣˵䣬޷ˡ
ӵ˸үϢ֮лЩģһȥҲ֪ʲôĳ
ϻһ֪һ˵̩ɽ»ϣһ·͵˴ڣ֮ǰǧʲô鷳ǧҪǵһŴ취ȡȥĸָԮ֡
ڽϻ켣ô꣬ȻвٳңҲвٵѡ
ɽɽéɽǣЩɣǶйٽҲжԲԱߵġ
Ǳ֮Ҽųʻ˲Сʱ㵽̩ɽ¡
ӷɽµ֮ͣұֱƵ˺ɽһһ߾룬ɽô󣬸ȥѰǡ
ҲƣΪҪ̩ɽϣѵ̩ɽͨĳǵô
ЩʣұƵ˺ɽ룬Ǹүͻ۾ʦĴڣ϶˶ĵط⴩ţȥĵӰƵģȻʮעĿ
үһͷ׷ƮƮϴ·֪ǶǰģϴĶѾˣ滹˲Ϊ˺ˣҸүװҲ࣬ͻ۾ʦȥһɮ۸ɸɾҲһȾ
˸ײˣ汻ΪǴӹװƬ߳Ľʿ
̩ɽǰɽȺﲻ۰ҹкܶڡ
̩ɽĺɽȥྲˣܹˣ˴ԼаСʱʱͷͻȻɹȥһҸоǿҵĞųûпʲôֻǾһâ㲻Ӱ
ҸоӰеϤֻɫüҽϹ̵λ


2568 ʯ֮
ҾǵɫӰӦϹ̣ǵһγֵʱӦǺþ֮ǰˣںҶȣѦСߵĻ֮ϴɱʱֻɫüͻȻһֻʮ׶Ļëӳ֣֮󣬾Ҳûм˼ҡ
ҲȷǵǲϹ̣ǳշʵһζű㲻֪ɵȥˡ
Ҿÿۻˡ
ţεҡҡͷ̩ɽɽǰУطȷǿʲôˣʮľоǰɽķ羰Ҫࡣ
ţͻȻоǰһϮһҳԱһһһʯͷһոסΣһϤЦɵСӣʲôأϽ
̧ͷһǰһƽ̹ľʯ֮ϣվһϵģˣǸЩˣղСʯӿ϶ġ
ҺǺһЦ˵ǰղһҪǶ㲻ȥɾͱԴˡ
СӣҪûͣȥǸطϽɣþˡӺٺһЦתǰȥ
Ҽӿ˽ŲԽ֮䣬׷ӡ
ǰûãһǧԱߣվҸүΪ˺ͻ۾ʦǡ
æ첽ȥһ֣˵λǰ
Сãһˣھ߰ɣΪ˵
ߣɽôһ¶˵
Ǽϼһ߾УطһͨˮԨĽ·ǰǿһƵĿң˵鶼֪Ҳ֪ôôһ㡣
Īί룬Ҳڽϻ켣꣬һĶҪˣ۾ʦֻתĸɮһﲻ档
ЩҲ˵Ǽת㳯ǰȥҾһСһ۽ĸǵ
вʱһɽϿ֮УϿֳһ©״ģԽǰߣ·Խխߵͷʱǰû·ˡ
Ϊǰһʯ֮ǰ
Ϸӣ֮ǰȥˮԨΪʵ
ЦϹ֣㵱Ҹ˵Цɣȥ꣬Ϸȥ˺ˮԨһ㵱¾Ʋˣ˵Ǵͷζƶζǵ֮ƶһǿ˳ˣ֤óԵҧͷ
Ϸӣû¶ϲܣ̰죬СĵˮԨι㡣Ϊ
Ϲ֣ιƶҲιˣƶȫǹͷû㡣ˣΪ˶졣
˵ţߵ˵ǰǿʯԱߣҸү˻֣˵ϹϽƶ֡
ҸүҲǿʯ˹ȥһһߣͬʱǰǿʯȻֱӴӵ̧
ǵ˫ţƽʯϾȻȳĽӡ
ҵĸԹԡ
ʯֹ֮أ˵忴ȥʮֵˣݵƤͷģȻҲܹô˵
̧˾ʯЩɵˣҰһҲ̧صľʯ
Ƕϲ̧ǾʯŲҵľ롣
á¡һǾʯأ涼һ¡
Ǿʯ֮ǰĲʯͷ濴һۣٺЦ̩ɽȺСһµĻͦʵǱƶˡ
к棬ҲչȥһۣǾʯͻȻж죬Ȼһܹݵһ˽ĶڣһƬǶð˳
ǴܹҵˮԨҾʵ
Сôô⣬һ֪ˡЩͷ˵
˵ţӱк˹ȥ˵Ҫ϶ˡ
ʱһֱû˵Ļ۾ʦͻȻתȥ˵ģɣΪʦ֪
ĳɢȥϵҶ׷״趯
һ£濴ȥԶ߳һǻ˭
ϻ첽ĳЩ˼Դ˵ʦӸôԶ˼Ҹˡ
ϴϽ𲧣̨ɽķʥ᲻֪۾ʦ
ϻôˣҳԾ
ǲǲ֪ôȥˮԨôСҲû˵Ҿ͹ƣһ¶Ҳùȥ㡣Ц
Ҳ˵ôôε
ң˵Ҫġתȥһ缸ˡ


2569 кϷ
˵䣬ӵһ࣬ͻȻֳһɺһǣԶͳҺٺֱּ֣Ƶóѵĸо
Ǹ˹ֺЦѾģǼȻңһ·֮Ҷûз֡
СŸ磬⣬Ǽ̫˽ˣڸǳıߣ뷢ǵȷеѡһЦ˵
˵ǹôǶ˵ˣǡʵǲ֪˵ʲôˣ㲻ã⼸λүӻΪǴͨõء
ʦⲻƽΪɶСſԸȥʶ棬ҾͲţⲻƽҲܣ˼ҿ϶ҲҪȥߵ˻۾ʦߣһ˵
ǸᾢȥһӰڵϣ˵һУֵģӣ˻ë
۾ʦһǳȵӣҲЩҲסˣȴỨУֻתͷҸүǣ˼ѯǵ
ǼλүӿڣչҲ˹Ϊ˵ʦү˹ȥˣҿ˼Ҳȱһ˲赹ˮ·ģõҲһȥɡ
չҪĸݣѧŻеӣΪʦ⡣
༸˶˹΢΢ЦλǰҲһȥɣֵܼһ𴳵꣬˴ϵ޼䣬ʵҲԱ
ϹôΪ˿ǶģתͷҸү
үƬ̣Ҳò⣬ֿˣѯʵϷӣЩУȥˮԨôȥô
ƶȻȥˮԨûȥǺˮԨеĴĳǣʲôҲ֪סǺˮԨһ˵ĳǷԱݵģǴĳǲüϳôԭкܶ񣬳ι״١ƶãһصڴĳǣҲ֪ۼڴĳǵĳһطĳǶһصЩ˵˴ĳ֮СһЩӦҲûʲô⡣˵
ǺðɣȻˣʹ⼸Сһһȥɡү
ţʱ裬æλǰл
үһתֵȥǿȥǼСһҪһЩҪܣǵطδСһЩ;СһЩ
ǰģʱһλǰİűǡ
߰ɡүһ֣㲻ٶԣתߵʯͷ棬˽롣
˵Ƚȥ֮˺ֽղŶſڵǿʯ»ָԭλ
ͻȻܺ棬ǰ֪طһܹͨĳǵڣǱһ䡣
ǰٺһЦ˵̩ɽ֮ΰ磬ƶӵʷв鵽̫ʱڣħУˡħ棬Щħ֣ӡһڣڴĳǵֵط̩ɽӡЩħΪ˼䡣
ȻЩ񻰴˵ŶȲǺܴ󣬲ҲһԵɵģƶһӶʮɽĴΣ߱˻ĴأȻ̩ɽ϶ҲŹģɽĴߵʱ䷢ʯ֮ж죬Ǳȥһƣֹè壬һֱͨǺˮԨкܶĶֻϧǺˮԨ̫ˣƶںˮԨˣ죬ֻϧûеǴĳȥơ
ǡǰȥˮԨôĴǵطⶫҺ
ˮԨҲкܶԭʵǱ߸Ҳ࣬ҲаҹҲ˵Ķ棬ֻǳĲһ󲿷ģªҲƶ񣬵ȴηǿߣҪ˵ǵطԭಢİвȥǸطүҲںˮԨû˵ţ˱㿴ҸүЦǲϹ
ô㣬ӻࡣҸүһۣ㲻ٴ
ǰٺһЦС˵Сӣүһģʵɧģʱ򰡣ǲ֪Ի˶ٽŮΪΪᣬһδޣһѾŶ
Ȼ˵СҲҸү˶ʱϷӣûŵʱҿǷʰˡ
ɣƶ㲻ɣͿ㲻˳ˣѣԱһƵǰȥ
ΪæƣЦððкϷඣСչûУϷֵĺ


2570 ħ
Ϊ˹һЦһõۣȻ˸طɷн¿ҸүΪˡ
ǣչСƵģ֪Ūһӣү˺١
и߸ϣɵļˣʱǸߴΰ߽⣬ʣˡ
⼸ǰ֮⣬ǼСĶڷ
ţҸүϸ缸ǼҲ࣬ѰʱҲ֣೰ġ
ү汻ӸˣʱԾȻҪǰ
ǼֻҿţҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һֱĿûдڸеĻ۾ʦͻȻ˵ӷ𡭡ͲҪˣҪѰʱ־ͰˣһھԽۣÿζͣ
۾ʦȻǼ˵Сģ˼תĸɮǰأ˻һڣү˱ֹͣ֡
ү˽꣬û˵Ϸӣ¶ˣϷʰ㡣
ðƶʱ㣬ʲôʱ¹㣿ҲҸүһ۵
ΪһڹƤɺ˵ҿˣſǸأӶˣû˼û˼߰ɡ
⼸ǰһһٴ̡̤
һţһܹ߳ƣǴǸʯĶ֮󣬲ŷһܶʯᾣʯңֻһƬĲ̫ڳ˶ߣҹڳˣӦ˹֮󣬸о̹һЩ
ɽ棬ԽߣԽʮ֮ⶴڱ㿪ʼС溮ˣɭɭ·оһֱߵģһֳڤظ֮ȥĸо
ڣǰʮӣ·Ѿ˾ͷ
ǰһʯǽʮƽȴһЩŹֵķģҴûмġ
ʯǽ棬һʯ
ʯЩƣд˼ŤŤ֣ϸſһۣϵдĵʲô֡
ǣұתͷɵķӣⱮдʲô
ǰʯһüͷ𣬺һŵһϲѾܹ˰ɣ
ˣ̫ģдǡħ⡯ʾ˲̤˵أ޻ء˿ǵ
⡭·ͷˣǻôǰߣչʮֺʵ
ɽǰ·ͿܲҳˡתͷһۣٺһЦͻȻջĬǰǻ˷ĵʯ֮˹ȥ
һӡʯ֮ϣһĻˣʯ֮еķĶǻһһɢɫĹâҫ۶ĿЩĲϵƶϳɸֹŹֵͼΣ۳һڰԵͼ㶨ԭزˡ
ʱ˱ǰȥһָͼĴ˹ȥߵǬͨڤн跨
ƺһ¡¡죬ԭѾȥͼȻٴιâε˸۾
ʱ˱ˣҵͷǰܣڣ㵽ͨˮԨıؾ֮ˡ
ԼУҿ˵һΣֱǽڵķ˹ȥһûӰ
󣬱Ҹүͻ۾ʦǣǸ붼û룬ֱӱ˽ȥ
⼸λûһԥȻȴĪֻ֮̿УоӦǳա
ֻһ㶣ұûٹԥҧأһͷҲǰǸʯڻ˹ȥߵʯڽǰʱʯϰããĹоҪҵ۾Ϲˣֱӱ۾ǰ
оһͷˮ֮УһƬ죬ʲôȥ룬ֻǵͷߣȻ͸оǰĹʧˣͻȻһָо䡭ĺ䣬ҵ˲ʯһ㡣
æ۾һܰããһƬֱͦͦƵıɽǱɽѩɽͷϻŰããĴѩǵء
ոպϢ˲䶼ܶɱӣĵ˵ϡ
æһת˵ٳȫһůӵͨ澭ʱо̹ࡣ
תͷλǰʱ򣬷ѾվһƵɶ¶ûеӣ֪֮󣬱㳡
Ϊ񣬲ϺͲû׼оܲ˰


2571 ѩ
ҽռûжãһӰ֮ǳ֮һҵķӦ࣬ǻһ飬ѿڵȥô䣡
үˣչҲŴһ飬˫һ£ȫԴ
˴һһʱ䶼ЩӦطĻҲЩɪɪ
ǰطİҺ
طͨˮԨıؾ֮أǼ֮أƱĵطҪʮֹɱǰһ죬ǰ滹һطͣһˮҲûУĴǻӣ˶ܺ˸ɡдߣǾԲܿԽĵؽġ֮бͻǷֹסںˮԨʹĳǵЩħִӴ˴ͨ˼䣬ҲΪֹ˽ؽ硣кܶи֣ϲطܣطմΣķܹ˼ǿ־ΪطƶҲûΣҪҪԽطʵģ߳ȥطͺöˡ˿ǵ
߰ɣкܶ·ҪϣҸ϶飬ǧӣطҲ̫ƽүɨһۣȴͷǰȥ
λ֣֮ͬͥŲܰããһƬëһĴѩͣĶëѩĶëѩÿһѩʱ򣬴ûмôѩ
Щѩڵϣ㱻ӲģʮֽӲҲȥҳǰǼλǰȥʱ򣬵ôѩȻûһƬѩϵģȫϳӯ˳ȥ
̫ǿˣһĸ֣Щһ޷ġ
ܶǰããıȫǰ׵ģۻҸоȥԼ϶ѩä֢ļѾʼڲͣ۾ˡ
ò˶ãǱڱ߳ʮ·ӣǼǰų̺ܿ죬Ÿһ㶼·ģǼǼӿ˽Ųǵĺ棬Ҳ׷ǣ֪õʲôš
˰ããѩ֮⣬ܶǱǧıɽţӲ
ţǰͻȻͶס˽Ų˽Ҳͣ
ǰôˣչںʵ
˵˵
һ䣬ǰѩͻȻ˼ȻϻţһСѩףЩǱӣϸЩʨӣӸţһģߴͣι״ģֻ۾ǵɫģ𣬽Ǽ˸Χ
˷ƵĹ޳ǾۼһĹ²ǾۼʮͷȻ
ڿЩðʱ˶ʱĽ׷׽ϵķ˳Դ
ѩϲȺӣ̺ܸߣһƶʱ򣬾Щᣬóԡ˵˵
ȥܳԣ˼޶úóԲóô
ЩѩۼĲˣ㳯һϡ
һͷͷıɽѩֱӳ˹ȥ
ֻǱɽѩոԾеĳһ˦һƬӰǱɽѩնɱ˹ȥʱ޸նķѣɢһء
һ𣬾ô򵥡
ҪıɽѩһǰΣʱŵķһƺֱӵųźȥβˡ
ЩҲȥҲ죬һգ۵Ĺʧããı֮УӰˡ
Һܿߵֻնɱıɽѩǰһۣնʮصıɽѩ֮ѪɫģֻѪһʳ㱻סˡ
̫һЩ
ԣϴƶʱɱ˶ʮֻλҹ鷳ӵһεı顣
߰ɡҸү˵һ䣬˱ǰ·
˴Ĺ⾰˶Щƣʱ򣬲ԶͻȻһЩŰëεĹͷܴ׸ߣһְɫĹǲ棬Լʮ˵ӡ
ЩëԶԶĿǣŹǲ泯ǿ񱼶ֻǻʮ׵ʱ˱еĽΣŲԶһСɽն˹ȥ
á¡һ죬Сɽɽͷնˣ˵ϣЩëĽŲһ٣ĹֽţԶӶݶȥ
ЩǱסŵԭ̲ǺܸߣһҲҹƶ鷳ƶˣǵǺܶ࣬ƶ̶ʹɱֵ֡


2572 ɭ
ײеĹޣ͸ˣǼΪҪһⶼ׼ˣתۼеΣȫǿĴЩ̾ΪֹҿǸżǰһҪȻǼȻٲ˵鷳ƻûеˮԨѾ۵ýƣˡ
ڱֿ첽ǰ˰죬߳Ƭ쳣ڣܵıɽѾڣһƬӣľֲȫǺɫģʵˮҲǺɫġ
˵ƬطǱͻĽӵشˣ䲻ȣźֵܶȻطŲҲźܶޣ˻ҪСľһЩĺá
߹ط߰죬ܵ
˻֮󣬲ǺˮԨΧشʱ취ĳǣ˵ںˮԨĸѣһа취ȥġ
вЩƣ˻ֵطѣҲϡҲܺ棬ѵʲôĴڡ
Ϊһľ֮ǲκͽӴﶼЩȫһˡ
ĸ߸ԶЩġ
ͱطǰ֪Ĵڡ
һʱ䣬оЩƣˣղǸĲУطǲһЪЪţ˳ٳԵ
Ѱ˵Ľų̣ҪǸҪٶϣǶߣų̺ܿ죬ֻ˲һ㴩Խ˱Ƭںĵط
һһƬԱߣȶŵԵ滺
ʱ˱кҹȥ˵ǵ׽һ￾ˣ˵ӻҪһ·̣˻֮ǵطûʲôԳԵˡ
ˣ˺ӱߡ
ˮڳģīˮ˵ʲôζɿڵ࣬һǲš
ңҸоҲӡ
˺ӱֱ֮ӽĳ˳źˮкն˼ݺĽնǺˮ˲ͶˣƬ֮󣬴Ӻڳĺˮ֮Ʈ˼ֵ㡣
Щû͸ںڳĺˮ淭ڣϸȥЩģ˱ߴٵʲôϽǰ㰡ˮжǧ
˵꣬˻ЦĿңһôģҲˡ
ˮˮжôóƵ
ǾСӵİ취ඣһƮˡٴδߴٵ
һЩƮȥĹ㣬ֿһ۳ںӰߵĺɫĻĲݣæ߶ԦľͲľ֮ЩɫĻĲݶʱٵǺڳĺˮ֮˹ȥ
ЩĲһ̽Ǻˮ֮Уʱð˺ɫỤ̃Ҳܿ콫ЩƯںϵסˣ˹
ЩӰʱұ㽫˳Щ˽ϣһĳŰ˹ȥ
ЩĸͷܴÿһƶʮУò๻ˣ֣˺ٺһЦ
СӣȻʵֶεʣЩһֶΡ˵
ǰ˵ҩһҺ
Сô֪ҩһǰйӴ˺
ǰнӴ֮ǰ֣ǰһʱ飬ȥתݣҩȴСձұִЩСձнתݸ˹ҺٺЦ
ŴԣʱҲЦ˵¶ɵƯЩСձǷʰϷʱЩСձɱ޶ɾ˻£ƶүҲɱ˲СձӣлвձʮߣҲСձҲɱǻĲٸ֣ҪΪԭҸүǾҵձֱӹȥˡ
һ£˺ʲô飬æСӣСձ϶СձرǵĶưոݣ
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2573 Ƚ
Ҫ飬һ벻ԭСձʯˮᦹŸЩһиֻôԨԴȦӿ治ȥҲôˣʼֻ߲ء
Ǳ߽ŪȥչǿǿŵϵЩȴٳٲ϶֣Χǿ
߹ȥ缸ŸɶЩʰʰǸϽԱ˶ӣü·
СŸ磬ܳô㿴ǳӣҿɲ졣չЩε˵
ղֻŽŪˣҲûϸЩģչȥһ㳤ĵȷޱȣӸͨ࣬ȴߵԴ滹ȣһ˶䣬ֱһ̥ײֻ࣬㣬ʹţһС﷢Ӥ޵죬ȷЩˡ
˵ʵڵģҲȷ㵽ܲܳԣģоͲզء
һԵȴٺЦģˮȻжȴܳԵģһƶʱ򣬾Ϳط׽ԣƶʹǣ˵Ƚ㣬ζʮƶҲһڣֱóԵĲҪ̫㣬ǳ֪ˡ
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Ϊ˵ĻǼе£֪ʲô˼
ŸǼä͵ӢXɽˮ﷢ԴȻ󡣺ˮ֮кܶȽ㣬ߵԴֻţ۾ģһ˫䣬ܹʹ˯جΣԱа֮
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ˣˣϽְɣӶˡһ˵ţ㽫һӵҪ˼ƿǰǬ˱еĿȪˮƶǣʰɾֱý
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Ļ𾫳ôǾͲüˣæֱˣסҪ̫󣬱㿾ˡһٺЦ
үǷɱ˸ɼõģҸ㿾㣿СŸĻ޸㿾ɡչƵ
СŸĻ޵̫Ǵһ￾۾ͳԲˡһĿ˰չ
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֮£չֻý𾫳˳һŻֽ𾫳϶ʱ缸ʱʰɾ㶼ȥǰѻ𾫳ϸĵĻоȻó˻ۣ桢ΰ͡Ȼÿ϶һ飬ȥȺԻóԵģ˼ɡ
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ζҾҲЩסˣæȥһŽʱһͨζٴȫȷǺóԣʶ壬ʮоζĲС
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һʮأ˳һԲꡣ
ҸүΪҲֻл۾ʦĬĬͷԼ
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ǻҲǣԼȾƣ˼ɣ۾ʦȴǽŽɣԽ׳ذ벽
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ЩҰޣﾭסζջ۾¶׹⣬Źӣ߾Ŀ
֮⣬һЩֵֹĶǴûмģһƬۻҡ


2574 ֲ
֪䣬ط֮ι״ޣصĻһűģȴβͣԴϻһǣϳԴ࣬ʯͷײ졣
Ҿ㽫Ұ޴ȥֻ԰ܻһǮģ̫ˡ
Щ޹ƶǱЩζģҲ̫һЩһƬСĳǴ˹
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ۿЩǻжʮԶʱֱӾ˽꣬Ҫһ֣Щȫ֡
ʱǿŸͷĻ۾ʦͻȻ˵ӷк֮£ܲɱһ;Ҫɱ
۾ʦĻʱжȥһЩ޶Ҫ˹ˣǻܶɱǣ˭ܸҸνǸߣ
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Щ˳˼ʮ֮󣬿ȥûҪ뿪˼۾ֱĳ߿˹۵̰֮ɫЩڲϵűӣŴƮɢȥζ
ЩҰһ㶼ǳģﳢֿ֮󣬻˸ϵ⣬ǴĪ
۾ʦȱ֮ģȻ˵ɱǾ;ɱǳԱ֮󣬸ʱֻΪЩʳɱǲɱǣɻڶԷУеĴȱӶǼΪ΢Цſ˻۾ʦ
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Щ͵Ұ޿ٵɢȥԭģһͷȥʱ򣬵ҸүΪ˷׷̧ͷǰȥԵû֮ǰǰ㵭ˡ
ʱұ㿴һȺֵﳯ߱˹ԼжʮͷҲǲСġ꣬޷ݡ
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ĹʮƺƵĳǱǵĵЩҰȫˡ
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ЩǺɭе˼άʮִͨԣƶһʱ򣬸Ǽ棬Ҵһͷ޿оȳǵһҪ峤ĶӵĴڣѷǵС˵˵
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ЩﱼٶȺܿ죬ʱѾߡ
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ͷĹһ˵ʱһȥȻ˵ǺǶΪǻ˵ʲôֵء
ֲ֡ʱãּˣƶָôЦеĿֻͷĹ˵
ϴγүүŻڣٴο̫ˣѾȫָˣүүõġǼһʮϲ˵
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2575 ʢȴ
˺Ǹţͷ桭ԲԡͷĸǶĵ磬ЩվһĿɿڴڷҡ
ȫ߸ǵۡ
طôǴûмι״ҲͰˣðЩɾϡ˺٣ͷһ˵ȻǱ׼ͨȫ
Ҳ֪ǵǲ࣬ĸоⶼʲôʲôһۻˣһΣ̫ˡ
֪ûûܵĵطʲôϡŹֵûС
Ǽһ㳯ǸоֲֵͷĸȥվЩĲ࣬Դһ
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һ֣Щ֮еŮ˶ģʮֿΣݰףƮƮȻһǵʱȤȫޣǽܲˡ
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ǾֲֵҲ۾һתоЩ̫ȥʣֱӸĿڵȻүүѣǾѣ߰ɣҴǵͣҸһдǵġ
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үүҪҵĻܸܲǴҪȥģֲʮϵĿӡ
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Ȼˣүү͸һ߰ɣҪȥȻҪƬɭ֣ǵĲǵıؾ֮أɭ֮У࣬ǶˣǻǵȫˣҲܸʡȥ鷳ֲʮֵ
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ʵһ·һֱʮСľ裬ͨԵˣүǵǻй¶ǵ٣Բлǡ
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治áллһƬġҿʼЩ˼ǽԶһ
ߵߵʱϻٺټЦһ˸ۣ˵СšŮǿˣڷǼ鼴Ҫһ£һŮ飬ģǲ˵ġ
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2576 
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ֵСŰ㻹⣬ҿӳĻͦµģӣЩ޴ְ¶úúооٺ١
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𰡾үСɮˡŹһɡ˫ֺʮϵĳҾϹ⹷ӵģʱ˴Цǰһ֣ա
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ΪЩӵ˼άĸطӵŸǻ۵ԶµĴڣЩǻ۵硣
˴ԼһСʱƬɭֵĸأԶԶĿںɭֵĸһƬܼĽΧһȦܸߵդդŵĴģ̶˵ϣΧ˺ôһȦ
ȥһСǣ仹Ƚԭʼ󣬲ʯͷǽ
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λͣҴȥҵĸף˵峤Ǿֲ˷ܵ˵ţִһǶ
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˿˵ȷʮصģһ峤ҪӰҲ֪ǲߡ
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2577 ȷϢ
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˵϶ԵЩΪѣǱŸһ뷨ɡ
ҼǣǬ˱ó˼ƿ׾ƣصę́ǰɽ峤˵ɽ峤ǱߵľƣҲʮֺúȣǱߵľƣ
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Ǳľƣ϶ûкȹһɡɷ˵ұɽ峤һӣɽ峤һڣʱ۾һɣüͷһáþư̫úˣѵõơ
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һ۾ʱ͵ԲˣȥǺ觰ֵƣʯֵǮˣô觡
һǼСȫ˹ôһľͰ解棬ۡ
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һĳǣɽ峤ıʱ־ֿ֣Щ߷Ȼ˵ǰĴĳһƬֻӺܾúܾ֮ǰһ֪ð࣬ռǸ죬ڴĳǵԭЩ˵ѹȺūۣŷһҲܵЩ˵۸ֻЩ̫ˣǸǵĶ֣
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2578 ׹
ЩûʲôʱϾǸ治ͬһ磬⻹ȽԭʼҲûмʱķÿʲôʱɽ峤ͻ˵ܳʱ䡱ǡСʱ򡱣ֻǸһģĸ
Ҳûʣɽ峤ȥҲʮ£Сʱ򣬱ζһصܶǨƵʱ򣬾Բᳬʮ꣬Щ˱һصʲôʱ׽ߵģ޷ƶˡ
Щһص˽׽ĳʲôҺ
Ҳ֪ʱһЩ˴䣬ʲôҲ˵ǲ׳ʿҴ˸Ƕ֣Щ˵ı̫ˣǴſ¸Ѵ֮ɱʮˣ˵ٸҷͽկȫɱˡЩʵ̫ײˣɽ峤ߵ˵
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Ǳߵʱ·ʱҲᵽǲÿǹǲ˶ŵĵսľǲܶʱЪЪţԵܿ뿪ˡǿǵ񣬸ͲˣڿһȺ޻֮Ұޡɽֵ
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Ҫߣɽ峤ͻȻӵվ˵ˣȥĳʲôǲҪȥԸЩһصࣿ
˿ɽ峤һۣ˵ǵͲҪˣ֪̫࣬˲ãɱ֮֮󣬼ǵòҪκἰطЩһصˣ֪
ɽ峤ƿ˳ľֱߣ˵ˣǸдµˣһҶӾֱֲɭ͵ĻڲһԵһб㽫޻ڸɱˣҶӣ϶ǱЩĳ˸бµˣߵЩҲҾһ£ǵǲȥһصΪеģ
ɽ峤һɰʵ׵ļƣҲЩΣ˵Ǿǹȥƣɽ峤ͲҪٹˡ
ˣûб˼ɽдҿ϶ǵ飬֮Щ飬ǣǴĳˣÿһʮһλܽеĺ֮ٵϵһߣҼֻһУ㽫ʿ˱ӣˤڵѳ˺ö飬Ǹ߲ǴĳǿĴڣ϶иڡ֪Щʵǿ󣬵ǸĳЩȣǵʵЩģ޷ǿ⡭ɽ峤һе˵
ɽ峤˵Ǹܰ˶ɱӵߣ϶һˣҲֻܹẮ֮
ҾãߵĸǰһƶǶ֡
Ҹүܹڼʮ֮ڣܹܵǿߡ
Ϊǰ죬ҸҸүУ̵˼ҵʵҲɷ˵Ҹүˡ
ȥĳǣ֪жˣʲô𣿡ҸүͻȻʵ
ɽ峤ҡҡͷ˵ȥĳǺֹǧգǻҪȥ϶ҲҪһƤ˵ҪԽˮԨˣҿ϶ûȥʱԶҲߵˮԨıԵش
ɽ峤һˣıǣﶼзִ磬´λʱ򣬿϶ݷõģмˡˡ˿˵
˵ţһ˱㳯ȥ
һȡɽ峤ͻȻסǣ˻ͷ˱ɽ峤ɻʲôҪ˵ģ
һص˴˺ܶ࣬δǵ˴ĳǣܲܰǿǻûлţҵһܵҲȣллˡɽ峤˵
ðɣܼĻ϶֪ġֵ
ʱɽ峤ȡһһ׹úɵģݸˣ˵ˣǣԽǿ峤Ǽ峤ܰﵽǡ
ǹ׹ؿڣ˵õģ峤ıǡ
ǸӶ˵Ļ֮£ֱ䣬ǸӶһֱͳȥԶЩᣬֱǰɽ峤ⶣһȵˡ


2579 Ͷʯ·
߳Զ֮Ϊ˲ЩĵӵϷӣ˿ɿô㽫ʲô鶼˵һתͷǳһصô죿
̧ͷһΪˣʮ̹Ȼ˵Ϲ֣ƶ߽꣬ɫɫ˼ʶ˱ɫֶλеģ˸һصг𣬶ƶжѲǻܶǶ𱨲ɣ˵ŴĳǻкԶľ룬м仹ŻͺˮԨһصͨ籨ţǵĽų̿죿
֪֪治֪ģοЩҲ࣬ҲֻǼѣ˽ϵ׶͸ǣƶЩסΪЩ˵
ӷܹʶһԵ֣ûԵ޹ʵԵҲûԵ޹ʵķݣǸǻѾˣֺαضǣ۾ʦ˵
߰ɣƵĳҲҪ֮ˡүԴµԵʮֵȻûж롣
һȺ˱㳯źɭ
ʱߵҸүߣүĳǣĿı̽һصͰյڲڴĳǵ飬Ѿ˿ȷ˼ҾǻбҪȥĳôҾھͿ۷ȥˣ֪ͨɵĸ֣һͬǰֱӹƴĳǣصҲɳһЩֹҾ¶Ժܴ󡣡
үͷһۣ˵СŰ㿼ǵ黹̫ˣ׻˵ĺã֪֪˲ܰսǸ˽ĳǱߵҲ֪һصܶ浽ڴĳж֪βģçײĴ˹ȥŪþҪȫûˡܹĳǵˣȻǸΪһڴĳܵشһ겻һصһٽ£ʱͿֲ֪̿жɥеĹ㶼ҪԴһȣʲôͿġ
ү˵ҲЩ죬ǰүǵĵȷǱܵˣЩ붼û룬Ϊƾ˶ڣɽһصһٽ𣬵һصܹڽ֮ô꣬ҲǿĸģѺ
ү˵ǣҿǲܣǵǲ֮ٴӽ˹ɡҵ
СŰֻǴһǰվǱһص˸ˣЩȫɥڰյУҲǲУʱǿô֪ͨéɽǱߴĳǵ߽ΪȣжϵĵжԴ̤֮ϱ㱳һεʹҸˡүɫ
˼ҵĻһЩһЩĥ͸Ǹү˵ǶԵģ⼸ϻŸԣɶϷ
һ˿첽Уǰ˴ԼСʱ֮˱˺ɭ֣˻
ʵŻкܳһξʱǱо˳ΪԽԽȣԽǰߣֲҲӵϡ٣̤ʱ򣬱ѾκһŲľκһˡ
Ŀȥǵ˻ɽȵץӷΣҪǿڣǸ缸ƶҪ··ˡ
Ҫ˵ɽطǱȻɽҪȵĶˣǻɽɽ֮ðŨŨḷ́ʱЩɽֱӽҽӿʳ
֮ҲǺͮͮһƬʮ߰˲ӣܹһҽӣð˺ɫݣ죬Ҫǵȥƺܿճ
һ˹ط鵽˱ĸоѰ˵Ǵ粽УһڣҲˡ
ɲǣ˻ǣЩط޷㣬㿴ƽ̹ĵ棬ʵֻǱһǣһŲȥǴӿҽȥ̾ͻᱻճɻҡ
ȻҾ˵ʱιȥģ˺ٺһЦ˵ƶһʱҲЩΪѣƶ뵽һ취Ͷʯ·
˵ţ˴ӵϼһʯͷŵϴȥʯͷǱ˵ǼӲģ沢ǿģߣǿĵģʯӱὫӲǴƣ¶ҽ
׹ԭҪôȥ
ҳܿȥ֮أãһƬͶʯ·ķ߹֪ҪöòС
֮ǰҵƵĵطҼǵȥ͵ȡ˰ʱڤ֮ҲƵĵطֻǵط龰ȫûǰֲ
ڻ֮ߵʱ˻һǳֲ飬˵֮ʮ޴ڡ


2580 
ԭ֮߱Ѿʮּˣ˾Ȼ˵ޡ
ҾЩⲻˣ֮¶ߣԱȵʱҪȺܶ౶о˶ҪһҲֻƾΪ߶סȫһҪϵĺˮܹ֮ߡ
ݲĵطܹأ
ҸүǼǰȫһͶʯ·Ǽ˵Ǽõģżŵ棬ųһУѵˮһ㣬֮дУһĹ㽫˦˺Զһξ룬ǼĺȻΪҲȴǼλǰһдֵܾطСһЩ΢
ɣ֮ǰ̫أڴ󲡸ոպ˶룬Ǽ˻Ҫ˼İΣһ·֮ߵСʲôա
ǰλǰų̺ܿ죬ÿǰнһξ룬ͣΣǼһʱ䡣
㣬һҲ֪˶ãоʮСʱӣĸء
طʵȵĲУջǣоʱҪȼĸо䤱ǲ֪һصôȥģҸоһص֮ܶУӦô󲿷˵ΪǼǡ
бͨĳ·Ҳһó尾
֮ǰҸүȥˮԨ˵Ǹ˼Ҹү㲻ǴӱͻǱ߹ȥġ
һ룬ͨˮԨȷֻһ·Ŷԡ
ţԶԶı㿴ĸǰһ٣˴һҪˣȫ˺󣡡
ǰĻ˶һ㶣ȫ֪ʲô顣
ʱ˷ͻȻ˽죬ҽ𣬳˹ҸүǱҲͬľ
ϻۼֿ죬ʱϽ𲧸˳УҽһҿϻϽסǣҪȻӦʮҡ
ҽڷ֮ϣһ۵죬֮䣬һжЩģҶһʱҲ˼һĻҽŪĴɵģȻһȺðŻĹޣӴ¥ôߣֱӽǸΧˡ
Щ޵٣ʮ
ҿǹ޾峤ʲôǱζž޴߿񱼶
ȥһʼ˸ǣ֮дֲĴڣҵʱЩ̫ţݲĵطʲôܳ
ǿˣǿֲ
һԥ䣬үѾЩеĹ޴
㷨ЩðŻ棬ϻҽĹϴȥغ֮䣬м޸ķѣɢһء
ߣкܿҲϽ𲧣кţʼЩðĹ﷢ҵĹ
Ͻһյ֮ҲſķǹһĸƵģﻹֱʮǿ׳ܷŭ˻֮һ˫۾Ҳ
һǻ㾦һĹ޴˹ȥǹ޲ܣһɫĹʱһ͸Ŀǹ޵ĽŲԾûͣЪ
еϽ𲧺ܿ쳯Դ˹ȥһ죬ǹ޵Դʱѿ棬ɢɡ
ʱǹ޾޴βŵ˵ϣˤϡ顣
ԭЩðŻ͹ŨĹޣûеô£ϻġ
һ㶵˲䣬չܿ쳯һ߹޴һնһôǹ޵ϥǴǹһ򣬱Ҳ˵ϣʱˡ
ǵԴȣк
ʱ˸ʩչֶΣɣЩ޴ȥͬʱҲʦָ˳
ʦֱǻޣǻԵޣԸֻðĹ޿϶а취
Ȼʦһҷų֮ԵΪ˷ܣŭ˻һζһ㳯Щ޳˹ȥ
ʦֵθЩȣͲ󣬵һײ֮䣬ܹЩײ䣬Щ˵ڵ֮󣬶ʦֻǵԴһŻɫϢᱻʦָ븹УȥЩ޵ʱѾһѺɫʯͷ̶ðˡ
һһ֮ʣµľ͸ûʲôˣ֮䣬㽫Щ޴䣬Щƺʮηʦֵӣڽʦ˵֮ЩŵתӣˣʦҲŹǣܿ׷ȥ˵ϵϢ
Ǽ˾վ￴ţЦ˵طʺ϶ʦ֣ܹЩ޵Ļ֮ԪӲٵء


2581 
˶ʦһ߼ֱĸǰûнߵЩðȫɷߵ޾Ѿȫɾˡ
ʱʦҡͷԵĳСܶϴδĸо⼸֮ҲŷֶʦڵĻ濴ȥʢ࣬Щֺ֮ĸо
ʱҽʦַųԸЩеһʮǵѡ
ʦֺܿߵҵߣϲ£ҡͷԣԴ˳Էһá
ʱҸүǺܿ۷˹үɨһˣеû˰ɣ
ûУʦָǳ˴ЩĹ޴󲿷ֶǱɷġЩԺ˵
̿ޣ֮л֮ĻԵĹʮ׺ʵҲеôѲ⴦ڣǰӦþͰȫˡ˵
С⺢ӻͷ޵Щ˼ⱦͺ˵ˣͲη֮еĻǰǴ·ǵҽ֮УҲ͵˸ˣ˿Ӱ졣Ϊ˵
˼ҵĻʱңôûأ
£Ǳöʦǰǿֻڶʦá
ʦǰףһӴҲǲᣬȹĵطû©ȥ϶ʮְȫڡ
һΣλǰһͬ˶ʦֵһͬǰС
ˣ㲻Ͷʯ·ǰ鷳ˣǼӿ˲нٶȡ
û뵽ˮԨûйȥ·ϱôϡŹֵ飬ͬʱҶǴĳǻЩڴģ֪һִڡ
ڶʦֵĴ֮£ǰٱ߰˸Сʱ㽥ûôˣȻ㿴ϡϡֲ֣ǰһξ룬ð̵ĻɽҲˣֲֵҲԽԽïܡ
طֲǰĺɭͬȻǺɫģҲɫǸɫĶУеľȽϴִһƬҶӶкɻôľƣּĳһСô󣬸оͻȻߵ˴˹һ
ߵ֮˱ǽܵ߳˻ˣǰһƬطԨΧסŲһʮָߴͣӰҲ׸ߣСҲһСһﲻõģЩԸǱȽ˳ģͨԣһ㶼ǿŲΪ˳Ĳ࣬ЩǴ֮Ķǽңһƶʱ򣬸йӴһұȥһطﻹƶʶһֻңҪ˵ǡ
˵˵ͷȻһƬ֮С
ڼ䣬ҲһЩҰޣͷܴ󣬲ǰжʦһȻ·ЩҰһʦĹޣ޲ǱܶԶ֮
˴ԼСʱĹ⾰ԶԶģǱһĺ˰졣
ûпȿһЩߵʹĲľķӣЩӿȥʮֵĸߴ󣬿ȥطһԭʼĴһ㡣
Ǻҹ֮Ҳʲôˣ˱һȺˣϢڴﴩ
ߵ˴ߵһ˼ҵʱ˼ţû˻Ӧ
Ȼ˺ü飬ŴЩͲͷ˭
ܴ֣һͷͲС
ҡ˻ص
˵ִܿ˳صĽŲۡ죬Ȼžͱˣ̧ͷһһ׵Ĵ߸վǵǰź࣬ϵëأЩǴɣݶ˴⣬޶׶
һһ˺ܴ档
ϵǴ·ģһòݱ֯·һŨŨζƮɢ˹Ѭһͷ
Զոס˱ӣ¶ʹɫ
ˡôˣǳ˵
ôӭô΢Ц˵
ɡǳɨһۣһ˽롣
ȥ֮󣬷˸Ļ⣬յž죬ÿ˶ӳյĺ
Щ˳ĸͷʮָߴ쳣Ŀ
طҲûĵطȫ˸ɲݣǳ˽֮󣬾ĿһۣˣԨʲôģȥˮԨɣ
˵һЦ˵״ֵܣƶιǴһġ


2582 ׳Ӧ
ʱǲ֪ǰ˽׳ֵͦеģǸģҲǿ׳
ˣʲô
ȥˮԨмĴĳǡֱӿżɽ˵
⻰һڣ׳ʱҡͷ˵ԣҲȥĳǣĳסųĸһģһ࣬Ǻף˵ֻҪЩ˸ҿĳǣһɸɱۣǲȥġ
׳ֵܣ͵ǰæˣϴƶʱ򣬿ûٸóԣǴȫ㣬Ժܶİɡ˵
׳ҡͷֹеĲеġ֮ǰĳǵ׽Ԩĺö೤ˣҵĸĸ׽ˣӵӹһ٣ڴĳʣУĳ˶ĳǵЩ׽ˡ
׳һ˵˲ⶼһۣжЩƣһص׽Щ˸ĳʲôأ
ĳûб׽أ˵
Ĵӿ϶ҲаɣǴ˱׽˺ܶࡣһ˵¶׳Щµ˵
ʲôʱ飿Ҹүǰȥʵ
ǰ졭ʮǰӣҸĸ׽ȥˡ˵׳¶˰˵ɫ֮εĿ־塣
ЩĳǵûйҸүʵ
ûСǰһֱûҳźü֮ҿĳǵûҲֻģղǽţһΪǴĳǵء׳
ֲղ棬һ䱸ӣԭǵĴĳǵ˽׽ߡ
֪ĳǵ׽ǳʲô𣿡Ҹүʵ
֪ûֻ֪дĳǵ֪ɡ׳˵
׳Ĳȥɫ
ȥȥЩ˺׵ģҶǻأһǸˣҿ϶ҲҪǸ׽ߵġ׳ֵ̿
ʱ˴ϵһڴһȻóʳγ˵׳ҪǴȥĳǣʳξˣԺþá
ˣеˣ˿ǹİξƭ˼ҹȥ
룬׳һеʳΣһ˫۾ʱһ£ԵΪ⼤ֻƬָֻ̣ܿ˸ղŵģҲȥȥ˾ͻزˣΰãҲҪԲС
ٸⶼģɲ˵ţγȫ׳С
׳ҡͷˡ
ʱ򣬻۾ʦͻȻǰһ˵λʩ㣬ĸĸӴĳǻŻ
롭Ȼˣܻ˵ȥĳǵˣûܹųġ׳
λʩǴȥĳǣȥԸЩ˵ģҪǳ˸ǸطȳֻҪĿǹȥǻ취ĸĸǴ˾ȳ۾ʦ
˻һ˵׳ʱ˵˵ģĿ԰ҵĸĸȳҴˣ
˲ڿı֤ʮ֮ڽĸĸӴĳǾȳȲԸл۾ʦɷƵ˵
׳һžҵһŵһǲܴǹȥĳ̫ˣкܶˣǼ˹ȥͲǵĶ֣һǻһɱ
һĵ̫СˣֱҪѪĸо±̲ס˵˶ಢǵĶ֣Щһصˣվһܴһٸ
׳ң벻ŵ˵ô
ţҵͷɨһۣԱһʯͷõģ˵һһ㳯Ǵʯͷ˹ȥ
ƺʹͬʱ߶ȫ˳ֻһ죬ǿʯͷʱһĵķѣһӡ
ֻһ£׳ĿɿڴŴͲ˵
Ⱥ֮һܸ˰ɣʲôΣգԼȻ㵲žˡҵ
һ׳ŴӸղŵ֮лعԥ˵ðɣҾһأǲУ춼ˣʱҴǳȥĳô
һ׳˿ڣҲųһƵģ˵У
Ϻ죬ǾסҪţȥ׼һЩ˵ţ׳ֿˡ


2583 ׼
˱׳ЩԴ񿴵һ㶣׳ֵܣҪʲô𣿡
׳˿ԼнӹǼʳΣЩܲ˼˵⡭⼸ΰܲ͸ңϴθҵʳͳԹˡԴʳ֮Ҳ֪Ȼôóԡ
˹һЦ˵˵˵ֻҪȥĳǣʳλԶ㼸Ϻüġ
˵ţ˿ҵСšǬ˱ﻹûУ׳ֵһЩ
Ǭ˱ĿռܴҾᱸһЩʳֵܼҲʱҰ߶ʳĿ϶Ҳٲ˵ģʳΣұ׼˲һӣǬ˱߰˴ʳγȫ׳ʱǸǶУл
ΪһЩʲôȳװļѼҲһ׳һЩЩ׼ȡԽԽá
㶫˵׳ƨƨߵģӦ
˼·ҲЩƣˣ׳ǸĶ֮Ȳı˼װһ٣ֻͷӶû³оóԵĿҪͷҧˡ
طȫ磬һжʮԭʼΰĶǲڵģ˵ЩռѼ֮ĳʳĶ׳˵϶ʮĶΰͱΪöණ
һ˱ôġ
Ա֮׳˯Ǽ
׳ȻűɵģоʲôĻ֮ˣҲһЩ
ȴ׳˯ȥ֮Ӹоڻζ
ţΪ˱˵Ϸӣ˿ܴǿԽˮԨֱĳǣ
ܴܲȥҲȷںˮԨӶǿΪһܴ洬ǹȥֻԼιȥˡӵ˵
˽һҲЩƣˣһҴǬ˱óĶҵطϢԼٵĻָ
ֻ׳ζЩأ֪ǳ겻ϴ裬ΪԵʣźصζǳӣһʼЩͷǣӦһ֮󣬱ûôʹĸоˡ
߻һŮӣǿգǺòͣĴ磬ʹ಻
ĳôΣյĵطǲ㽫մģ»ҪһҲ޿κΡ
ûа취ֻطȴ׳׼һУڶٳ
һǵĳǵҪƳһʱˡ
֪ĳǱߵһֻһ룬бϷĪ
컹ûȫʱ򣬳˯е׳㷭ҲͣоͻȻһƬ
׳֮󣬸֪һ˵Ҫȥ׼ȻҴ뿪ˡ
ãѾЩ̫ģ׳ǣһһصͨ籨ţһզ죿
ҽеǸ˵һ£Щ㷲
̫ոûõʱˮԨСӾҴǷӵķ϶ȥ￪ʼ߶ϸ۲һ֮󣬲ŷ֮еĳ˻ȫ棬ûп׳һǿ׳ĳˡ
龰ио΢һ˵׳ûƭǡ
һص˵ȷ°󲿷ǿ׳ĳˣЩ˸һصг׳Ӧòᷴǲǡ
ĵȺ򣬸оڼ尾
糿磬׳ûлһֱʮ֣׳ûл
вֵ׳СӲԼȥĳǽҷȥ˰ɡ
˶Щ㷲ֻǻ۾ʦһֱڵϣһ飬۾۾ʦˣбҲûǰˡ
һֱȵȫ൱ʮҵʱҲ洫˱صĽŲչȥһ׳ˡ
ƿ֮󣬱˵ǸɣҶ׼ˡ
˱˴˿һۣеŵǿʯͷ˵ء
ΪСһȥء
ҹɫ˸׳䷿ӣϢ߳壬ִһƬӣһƬʯԱߣǿ׳洬һҿȥѾʮֲƵĴľƴͷܴ󣬴Ǽȫ´ࡣ
׳кһ˱洬


2584 Ԩ
洬ĿԶ⺣ڳģһ߼ʡˮǺɫģīˮҪڣз紵洵ޣˮԨƮɢζĴҲкܶ಻ͬǺζһǵζ
˴֮ڴһȦ㿴ǴϷźֵܶˮƻһĶͷҪǰɫɫģ㽶һĶװǰ֡⻹һЩֵֹĶҶ֪ôԡ
Ȼҷ⴬ҲǺɫģɢһɹŹֵζϵɫӦǸոˢȥģʱ򣬻һЩɫ֭Һϡ
׳˼ͦϸģȻȥȽϴ֪ɫϣͿĨĸˮԨеˮһڣûҹɫ֮б㲻ôױ˸ˡ
֪ԭ׳æһ쵽æʲô׼ȥĳ;еĳʳнôһͿ˺ɫ
ͻȻԼЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˣæЩ飬׳϶ҲæĹǺ
˴֮׳ʮֺк˵׼һЩǳԵĶҪǶˣԵҲûʲôдǵģԨժҰʹҰζ
˵֮׳һ޴ĴӶ˸첲ʼźˮԨ޴ĴٵĳźˮԨȥ
׳˸һƾһ֮⴬Ǻһ㡣
ʱվ׳ߣʵ׳磬ǴԼʲôʱܹĳǣ
׳һЦ˵ҲҪ֮ˣʵ˵ɣ֮ǰҺǴ˶ûеĳôԶĵطΪŴĳǲǺԶĵطʮΣգǺﻹкܶ͵ĺޣŪþͻὫ洬ˣҸ˵ʱȥ棬ʱȥ洬Ǹطȫ޸ˣʮˣֻҸ׻һſڱĴƮ˻ȥ֮Ͳ˺Щ죬Щȫ޸ˡ
׳˵飬бһͷҸүǣ׳ô洬ܱײķ飬һǺ޵һִڣͷ϶С˵ġ
һ·Ͳô̫ƽһ·֮˺ܶ鷳û뵽ˮԨ֮лҪһЩĥѣҲЩˡ
׳˵ЩҸүǶǲȻûнǺ޸
׳űǺٺЦ죬ҿһƾôһʯͷҾ֪ǿ϶ĳЩһкܴı£ˮԨĺӦҲѵǣΪĳ˱㲻Щеĺޡ
ҿЦһ£һصǴĳѾ˼ʮ꣬ΧĻȻָƣ˵ÿγܹܿЩ޵ģǾͲһˡ
׳֪Ǻ޳ʲôģҵûе
ҹɫʱǱԨѾԶԶˣֱ½صڡ
׳һ˺üСʱ㻻ǼСַ˱ŴȥǴнٶȶû׳һ˺ʹСӵһȷͦġ
ڵһϣһжʮ̫ƽûʲôգڻʱ򣬳ǺڳĺˮпȥżҲܹһЩֵĺˮζȫһͷСȴǵĴֻ
ҹɫ̫⺣ˮֺڵҲûпЩ޳ʲôģ
ʱ򣬲ſһЩųںϷڣܹӺϸߣȻµ뺣С
ܿһЩԴĺ񣬷ֵ֮ڴΧĴɶ
׳ʱǽˮԨеЩ㶼ʲô㣬ЩóԣҲͷϷɵʲô
һﶼʮ棬һǲУ͵һѵˣЩǮ˼ǸɵйһҲῴ硣
˵ڶϣ׳㿪ʼľ˵ƬطѾӽΣյˣǰĺ棬ûȥˣֻ˵ԼĸǴĳǵľ巽ǰʲôգҲ֪߾衣
ڳĺ沨ȥʮֵƽʲôΣյӡ
ǰҹʱ򣬵ȷҲûзʲô飬˶׷վڴܣĿƽĺ棬ͻȻðʲôȻֱӽƷ˹ȥ
Ǵ˺üСʱӣȷûʲôƽֻˮ졣
ûʲô飬һ΢һЩ裬Ȼʱ洬ͻȻҵĻζһ£ٵĳһ


2585 ǧ
ͻ˶һ
һ˲Ĺȫ˳źڳĺˮ֮пȥ
Ҽ˽꣬һߵߣͿһ峯˹ȥ
ǼЩìͷٶȺܿ죬ʱ붼û룬һն˹ȥǴҵļնΪأʱһī֭һҺǶϿڴ罦˳
׳˴ʱܵ˴м䲿λɪɪ˵г˵ĺޡˡˡ
˵ĹͻȻһƬ趯ĴֽİŪľ֨֨죬оʱɢһ㡣
Щ趯Ĵֶ֣˷ޱȣŴϵ˿ʼϮ
ĶҸоӦһڰצһĹΪǴ֮ϻһС̣ÿһֶ˵ǰ֡
ҵĹԹԣһǹġ
ϽŪһǶҪ꣡ɴк
ʵк˾Ѿʼж׷׽еķЩ趯Ĵն˹ȥ
һĴֱеķնϣǶϿڴҲϵɫ֭ҺɢһܵĶ׳Ǽζȣ׳ֱƮɢ
ζѬҲһ˳Щͷؽᡣ
ǴĹ֪ʹɲдִ̽治֪жپ޴Ĵ֡
ǴּǱնϣڼװ֮ϣҲڼаϲϵĹȥ
ʱ򣬰չǻ𾫳ϵǷڵĴֵȼյž졣
һʱЩģʡ֨֨죬Ҳֲ˶á
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һΪ˶еնһݺ˺ڳĺˮ֮С
Ĺ﷢һʹĹֽУȻҵһΣЩסĴȻ˻ȥȻǹ޸ո׷ɶȥ
˵νһҵҡΣۿ⴬Ҫ뺣У˶Ҫˮ֮еʱҸүͻ۾ʦͬʱ˫̤òȥĴסΡ
䡱һ죬Ǿ޴Ĵ뿪߰׸ߣűصȥҽһ򣬲ͻ˵ϡ
˲ȫһס֮æǺڳĺˮ֮пȥƽĺ涸ȻĲӿʱ㿴һȻӺ֮ϻƯ˳
һ˶ˣȥүģ̫ˣֱһСɽԲεԴһ˫ˮͰһ۾źâѪ죬¶ļеͷܳҲǴһĴ֣м趯ݣͺ񼸰ϻζľһ㡣
һֱĳ棬ľȣƺȦ
ǧǧɡô찡׳ȫɵˣȶ¸ͣڿޣȥǰ
ҸүһӺ¸ֳĺޣϵı鲻ҲΪ
Ǻ޸ˮ֮󣬸Ƕ˴Լʮʱ䣬ܿٴοٵĳڵĺˮ֮УǴһǿĽˣһο϶һλҪҡ
ǺٴǱ뺣֮У϶ʱ죬ٴξҵĻζ
ͬһʱ䣬˺ΪˣԼҸүͬʱˡ
ӽеĽȫźˮ֮նȥ˽һǿҲҲˮ֮дȥ
Ҹү콣нߵʽ꽣˺ˮ֮С
֮£Ӱܿһ趯ŵĴִӺ֮Ư
⸡֮䣬ںɫĺˮ֮ݺύǹﲻԽ׳ذ벽˺ĺˮ֮бûٳ
ĺܿٴλָƽ˿ź棬һȫδ֪ʲôǧˣ׼һ
Ǻ޲Ӱվ׳һֱӹ˵ϣſǻ˵ˡղšղΪȫҪǧء
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˵ǻ۾ʦ˼Ѿ˵ϣ۾ƺÞųӦǧĴڡ
һﻹûûˣƶȥʰ˵ţͻȻһԾֱ˺ˮԨ֮С


2586 񶾵ĺâ
û뵽ʲôǧѲնôഥǣǿĵֿ֮£ξȻ͵͵ǱǵĴ£ٸһ
⴬ͲƲҲ޷ֵסǧһˣЩϵľѾ
ȻǼǰҲ˴ʱǵ
˸кһֱӱ˺ڳĺˮ֮Уáͨһ죬ٴλָƽ
˵Ǽ˶еЩ𾪣ˮԨǧأ˼ȫռƣӶûȫǧ·ˮԨǧģݶɫҲ
ò˵ո˵
Ǽǰӵûбֳʲô̫ĿʮֵȻ
ǼϲЩſڼװϳźڳĺˮ֮пȥ
׳Ҳ˹źˮпһۣ˵ˡˡǧˮԨеİκ˺޶Ķ֣ĳǵ˿ߣӾȻⲻǹȥô϶ǻˣ
Ϲ˵ǰΪôܻᱻǧɱˡչƲһЩ׳
׳ƺûȥչĻʱĲ֪ôˣ߶£ܿ˵߰ɡϽ뿪˸ǧߵĻᣬҪȻȫҪ
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ģǧὫôģһ£˵ܿ˱ܸ㶨ǧˡܲܶеģҼ
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ҽһ򣬺òסΣ׳ҲһΣڼװϹ˺üȦͣ
洬ǺƯһƬҶӣͷڵʱ㸲Σա
ǱҸүΪ˲ϵĴϱ任ŷλԴȹס
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ԵĿһȻûһִҲЩģ˵ܲܶԸֻǧ
ٵĽ洬ҡһΣЩͷĿѣ
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˵䣬˻һ֮䣬ʪ·ͱˣֶҸүϹͽˣһҲֻܸɷˣ
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һǲײǽͷ˳ˣȻݡ
Ϸ˽ɡҸү˵ţ꽣һԾȻһࡣ
Ҹүֱס꽣ֱ񷡣
ɲǼͷϵ֮Ϸת
ġһɡ۾ʦתͷһҸү˵
Ҹүδ𻰣ֻǴһ죡
һӽ֮ϱƶˡ
ոշϲ֮ǧЩֵĳͷϿһۣſٵû˺ˮ֮С
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԽԽƲ֮зƬֱ̣Ӹ£͵һװ˺ˮ֮С
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ֹƬ̣˱㿴޴꽫ǧں֮ϲͣķǾ޴ҧסǧԴɫ֭Һɽ˰գȻصˤˮС


2587 ǳ̲ϺϷ
ү̫ˣ÷һеʱ򣬸Ҫһ㣬Ҫһʱ䣬һֱ񷣬žͿԷŴˡ
Ŀɿڴ֮£ү꽣е㸩£ֱ˺ˮԨ֮УǸǧ
쳣ңȴʮֶݣǾ޴ǧɱ񷣬Ȼصʱ򣬱ζսʽˡ
ǧӴޱȵںˮԨʱֲһǵĴƷ˺òײȶס˴
ţ껯һâֱүе꽣˽֮С
ϹһзֱɱһеĽࡣ˿ҸүһۣԵ˵
ϷҲղҪˮԨǧһܣƷһҲô콫ſ¡Ϊ΢Ц˵
ֻҪϹһﲻҶ÷һУɼܣƶ治˺ٺһЦҸү
Ϸӣǲ÷죬ҸſҲһҸүҲЦеĿˡ
ϣôţƶ治㣬Ȱ飬ƶҸطú˺ܲ˵
ð˭˭ϷʮǰѾµһˡҸүЦ
ǵһֶģ۾ʦһ֣㻹ſֻ˼ҵ͵ԸˡЩ˵
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˵䣬ǱӰ֮жǧͻȻĴӺˮԨƯһΣǧǳ׵ͣ޴΢΢ζֹкɫ֭Һ罦˳
۾ʦղҲûҪֻҪһʱ䣬סûʲôġҸү˻۾ʦ
ҲӲֻأ˰ˡȥɡ۾ʦ۾ĴӼװվ
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ϰֻһȻһСͧǰ󣬶ʳǧܹܵˣʹǧ㿪ʼʣĴ趯һֻֻһĹ޾ס˦ȥЩֱӾͱ͵ԼѪ֮Уڵľ׽
ЩһĹ̫ˣ֮µǧֵȺ֮֮£ϵ˿ڲϵһĴֱ˺ʳ
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ԭˮԨռݰλǧ֮£㱻ﵱв͡
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ڵĽǿޱȵʱû˸㣬һѣΪʸ֮ġ
ǰձǧһ㣬Ҳһ³
Ҳ˻۾ʦղ˵ǷǧվӲֻأ౨
߰ɡүǧķһۣк˸Ͻ뿪·
ЩʳǧһĹעûЩ˵ϣǷӦҪһս
ЩһȻǲ壬Ƶ洬ܲˣǱҪ뿪
£˱㻬˴ֱƿЩޣŴĳǵķȥ
һֱɵ㶵վ׳ȫɵˣȴ뿪ﻹһˣŷӦʮּ˵šǾʲôˡı£ǲսʤǧȻǸɱˡ̫ˡ
չ׳һۣЩϷŰ˵ղ㲻ҪôھͿˣҪҪҰ㣿
׳ʱŵĻһ£ղ׳飬ǧŻˡԲס˸λҵ̫Сˡ
û뵽ô̰Ҫǻ۾ʦͽ㶪ιˡչû˵
˺ܿ˸ղŷʲôֻǵ˵ҪˣѰ龰ܹȥĳǾѾܲˡ
ллллˣ׳ԺҲˣصĸǣһܹǴ˶ȳġ׳Ͽҵ


2588 л
׳СҲȻ˸ͦ˵ģһΪûУһ
Ǹ׷ǹʣܹǴȷѾܲˡ
ͷһֻ޾ʳǧ˻˴Ŵĳǵķ
ҹɫڳģǧôһڣǲʱ䡣
ǻƵ洬ǰнһʱ䣬ɫͽ
һϣ캣һƬĪĻţɫ֮˵ʱҲ泩ࡣ
ʱַϢŴĳǵķȥһ·֮ϣܹһЩϡŹֵĺ޴Ӻڳīһĺˮ֮Ծҿڳĺˮܻһʮѹֵĸо
ʱ˻ˣҲͣЪЪ׳òĹߣӺˮԨ֮һЩû𾫳˳ԡ
ʱ򣬻ϺܶϣĨϻ͡ȻΰͣģˮԨŲզأ̳㵹ɫζʳָ󶯣˳ԵĲֺ
׳˵ܶʱǶǳ㣬ʱû𿾿ѾܲˣûгԹζСһ˵ķһ˳Եģ˺óʱ䣬ιλү
Էʱ׳һ߳ԣһ߶ǴΪ͵׳Ԩô꣬ҲܶδĳЩ׶ļһ۸ǳˣǺǸǱĲԶˣЩ˾ȻҸˮԨеİǧƴһɱֱ̫ˣţǿ϶ܹԸ˴ĳЩˡ
Ҿ׳ҲһصܶЩͨɫûм߰ǿԲŻô˵
ǰǧĻҲһоͽˡ
ˣ˻ŴڵʱԶԶľͿһĵ죬ǵǰ档
ڵʱŨֻԼһ
⵺֮˾ͷֻҪһƫƧĵطһص˾ͲᷢǣһصܶҲ˽ж٣Ҳܶı鲼졣
˻Ŵۿ͵ҹʱǵƻʮ·̣ͻȻ䣬ԶԶı㿴һŻҡҷ߿ٵʻ
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ţæ첽ߵ˼װһֻǿһŻڿٵĿǡ
Ҿˣ⴬һƬڣϸˮһɫģһصôǵġ
һǿٳǿĻ⣬ɽŴߴ׳׳Ͻ໮㿪ǡ
֪˼Ǿһص˲ûзǣֻǴ·ӦǸڴĳΧѲӵġ
׳ķԸһ˫׳ֱۣʼٵĻٶȷɿ졣
ˣЩɲϲϵĳǿٵĿǵٶҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҵ֮ľڲϵǶ㲻ˡ
Żһٶ׵ʱ򣬾˴ǰĴϽͣҪȻɱۣ
ЩԶ͸϶Ҵȥܿ㿴ԷһСҴȵȷС˺ܶ࣬ͷ֮վһλɫ׵Ĺͷһ۾˳ԷȷһصģéɽЩһصܶĹͷʹ˵󻹸ʮͷһ׶ģ
ǣ˵ٴ
үһ֣ʾҵط׳˵׳ѴͣɣҪ£ЩһϴǾɱǡ
׳˵Ǽٵģ߶£ĳǵ˺׵ġһһϴͶô죿
£ǸûжֵĻᣬҪ֪ôүٴ˵
׳˵ͷӻǶ£ͣ
Ҳڴյĺ棬Щ˿ʱЩ˱㿿׳洬ͷһΣһż⣬׳ĴϣţЩҲ׷
һصܶЩʹΪǺܲģ֮ǰʶҿЩҪȹéɽЩͷʹҪǿһЩ˿ͷʹҲŵȣմéɽЩڻҡ
Щϴ֮һʼϴЩ˱㽫ָ׳˵ˣǽ׳ĳ˶Ǵ˴ĳǣһ©֮ˣ˵գʲô
ҡҵﶼ׽ĳˡǡ׳˵ţ۾ĳǲĵطɨ˹ŵȶˡ


2589 ͻ
ûӵҰˣɵͶģ⴬ϻ𣿡ǼһﳯŴɨһ۵
ûûˡԼ׳˵
ѣǼһֵ
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ܿ죬Ų˳Һһط첽Ҳһ࣬ӦǵĲԽԽȻȻһһƱ㳯һӭ˵ؿ˹ȥ
ǰͷʹȷǱеǿһЩôȻʱӦ΢΢Աһ࣬еĴ󵶶ʱ˹ķӦһģĴ£ʮɹƺʹƱ㳯˵ؿ˹ȥ
ߴһͷѵ죬˵ڵһ˳ȥײĸˣҶֵһɲǼ䣬е˶ɽͻһĴ˳
Էʮˣǲ࣬׽ɱΪԶԶǿʢǡ
սһ˲죬쳣ҡ
Ǹôƺе˵͹ҵˣθȫҸˣײǼܵƵӰ죬ҲϸСĵһʱ䶼ûдӵ
кͰչһϣǵҪȥ㽫Ǽڵϵ˸ˡ
ͬʱǸվڼװϵļһʱ߳ŭһҰˣȻƭң
˵ţеĴ󵶣׳Ͽȥ
׳ŵһУ˫ֱסԴ˵ʱʱ죬ǼһеĴ£ǧƾͷ˹ȥǹͷʹϷ˹ȥ
ǹͷʹӦЩ˵ͷͷΪǿһЩǧƳɹȥʱʱоǧǿֲϢŵһƺߣеĵһƫû׳ϡ
ʱͻȻһһѽ׳еĽ㳯ŸղǸͷʥʹ˹ȥǹͷʹһʱң϶ʱ˺ü
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ֻǹͷʹϴһף֪ʲôƤףƿ
ϴףҲռ֮ĳЩϵƤס
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ǹͷʹ֮࣬æٴξеĳϿ˹ȥ˴ǰżƿķһеĳ˳ȥ
ǼһһЩǿ֪Ƕֱ֣һ˺ڳĺˮԨ֮УҪˡ
ˮԶΪеĳһΣһâ˺ˮ֮УʱոˮûõǸǶʱˮƯҰżʮŰ׶Ƥ㡣
ĹʮͷʹȫǸɱˣˮǸǶ
ǼһƯں֮ϣϻеâعв֪һӣͷϰһľͷͳǸͷʥʹ˦˹ȥòסĽӣ˹ֱק˴ϡ
˱ʱϵĵһʧȻӣһѳ׼ؿڡ
Ҷһ¾Ū㣡ǿ
㡭Ǿʲôˣģǹͷʥʹɨһˣŵ
ʱôǿֱؿڡ
˵ɣʲôڴĳǸ飬ǿ϶ǻĲͷˡǹͷʹɺܺᡣ
ȰʵҪȻûк³׳ͻȻˣǰ˵
Ұˣҵţҳ罫ǳȫɱ⣡Ǽһҧ
һƾͳϣŭѾģˣôвˣӾͲˡ
˵һ˫ĿһۣһЦҼһɣϺܿ𣬶ʱһСҪԱ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һķӦΪͻȻٵĳ֣һģǼһʱйƤһһһͷԵ
˱ˣһصܶ˶ģʲʲôéɽʱ򣬷²ôһصܶĹͷʹûһɿڡе
˲ͷéɽ²Щˣһ˵𡰴ĳǡ־ͻԱǸղҲ˵ˣȴһ¶ûУڴĳǸ˵Ӧǲơ
Ŀǰüֵˡ
Ƭ̣һƹȥֽǹͷʹˣһŭǣϾҪԱӣæóлɢ˹ȥ


2590 ϼȷ
ǰͷʹһлɢԭŭڵģʱίҪԱͬھȫǲڵġ
㡭ʲôôûһˣǹͷʹһֵ˵
ڲʱֻҪʵǣҪȻеǰ취㿪ڡҳ
ЦһҪұʥ̣ǲܵģɱҲ˵֣ǹͷʹһģ
ȻˣǾͲøīˣֱӴźǡչŭ
Ҳÿɷĵ˵ͷסСӵ°ͣſͣ˾תιǵֱӾ˽ȥ
ǶʵٳһͷǺαأЦŵ
ʲôֶξҪ³֣ͲǵģȰɱңûһôǹͷʹʮ˵
ãô֣Сүľתιǵ治㲻ɿڣǾԣ
˵ţ˫һģһ죬תιǵҩЧʱǹͷʹ۾˲͵Բˣ˫۳Ѫ˿۵亹ǲ
תιǵǰԲˬܹŵסþתιǵԸˣûмһ˲ڵġ
ǰ⺺ڰ֮ԴһԵ˼װϣһûпԣӡ
ѦС˵תιǵһҩЧѵڹϵĹͷŮӻҪһٱǳܹܵġ
˿С۳ģҲ
˲֪ҶõʲôҩҸԵɶҼ򵥸һ¡
գ˲źٺһЦ˵˼ˣԭѦλϸҵҩСӿ϶Ҫˡ
һ֮ǼһЩסˣʼɱһĲҺӣװ۵ȫʳĺˮĵλүҰɡ֪ʲô˵ʲôǡ
͸˵ˣ϶ҪеģҪԼܡ˵ţһİƣлɢҩЧֹͣˣͷʥʹ̱ڵϣһţһ˰˸һ㡣
Ҳлɢ붯Ҳˡ
ʲô֣һ򵥵ġ
СĽгϡһصˮԨѲļȷ桭Ǽһæش
Ҳ֪ȷһصǸʲôְ񣬲ⶼҪҪϳ̶ȡ
ܺã㼸⣬ʵشСү㲻
ллллλүһǳ׵ķˡ
ĳǸжѲĴֻʵ
ܶ氲ϰҹַءĳǵĵطзãΪ˷ֹĳڵ͵͵ĳǣͼı졣Ǽһֵ
˱˴˿һۣвЩ꣬ҿһۣͷʱǼԦ洬뷨֮Уǿɾ治ˡ
Ǹʮļһڲ÷ӦҲʮ־ͨģǷǰղóģҾҸүҲһܹƽˡ
ߣֻ洬ҪĳǺҲЩ̫ˣ˴ĳǸôһ洬Ŀ̫ˡ
Ǹûĳǣ׳ڴĳǵҲ˽⣬óȻĹȥ϶вͨ
˿Ҫǰгϵļȷˡ
Ǵĳ֮оפŶһصһʵ
Ҳ̫ǧӦеİɡŴ
ǲǾĳ֮Уүʵ
ԥƬ̣ÿɷĵ˵ͷȴδ˵
һڲڴĳǣʵ
ڵġ˵
ʱ䲻ˣǻ취ĳǣʲô·һˣǱȽױ¶ĿꡣΪ
˵ҲǣʱˣŴĳǻһξ룬ǱҪ֮ǰϵĳǲС
£뵽һ취ǽ֮ǰɱЩͷʹ·ȫǵϣȻϴȥĳǡ
ǸҹڴĳǸѲӵСͷĿЩѲӦöʶʱڴϻôڣԷҲ̫ϳ
˵Ͻ·Ȼÿ˻Ƥߣ׳洬ŪȻų֮ǰȥĳǡ
׳һ˵Ҫ洬Ūʱϴ⣬˵洬ģԺҪº棬ִǬ˱óһЩΰͺͳʳԸ⽫洬Ū
ƤߺЩͷʹƤ£˷׷ЩͷʹѲӴȻŴĳǵķ


2591 ĳ
֮ǰЩһﶼǹͷҲΪ¶ȫͺưʹЩ·˺һЩԴסС֮л
ǸгϵĹͷʹǰ˴ͷаλãϻվһࡣ
ΪϻǹͷһƤҲûֱܹ˭ױ¶Ŀꡣ
ǳϵлɢ;תιǵĶûн⿪ȻСӷˣҲܴ֮иоŨɱ⣬һǸлɢĶȻҪԱ
Ҳ֪οЩһصܶ˵ģǱϴˣһȫη
Ǽڴ֮УϷӳϡ
⴬СһЩʮͨǴ´࣬׳ȻԵЩӵˡ
˴֮һ˦֣һŽӰ׳洬˹ȥǽڴ֮ϴʱкɫĺˮ͸˽ȥ
ǵľԽԽԶҾ޴洬ĳˮԨ֮УдЩͷʹʬһ뺣ס
ڴ棬вҲЩĵ治֪ʲôڵȴǡ
һ߳Ŵĳǵķʻȥ·˱ǳϹڴĳǵĸ⡣
ϱֵĺϣʲôشʲôӲˮ
˭Ҳ֪ϵ˵Ǽ٣пȫƭǵģΪ˵Щȫ޴ӿ֤
ղηǵĴֻģǺɫģˮԨһƬںҹ֮иʲô
ϻش˵ٽĳǵΧƬˮ֮һֻ࣬ҪһصĴͻӦǡ
ԣҲûзǵĴڣֹ֪ǡ
ԭô¶һصܶصĵȷʮܡ
֮ǰûмƻãǱҴҵĸˣȷЩðʧ
֮󣬸ݳϻشĻǻ˽˺ܶĳǵ顣
˵ĳһƬʮִԭкܶԭס񣬳ι״һص֮󣬽ĳеԭס񶼸ˣΪһص飬һصצ֮£вӣɱ֮
ڴĳǵܣҲкܶһصأûһصˣҲбԭסΪأͲϱųնӵ˶
Դһصռ˴ĳ֮󣬻ûİˣ˱Ǹǿ°ȥЩ֮⡣
һ˵¶׳㼤ǳϵΪʲôҪץǳˣǽǴ˴ȥˣ
һ¶Щţܿҡҡͷ˵С治֪ܶҲѲ˹ܣҲûʸ֪顣
˵ҪˣҲΪ˾ˣΪһص״к˹һصܶ档
ųϣͻȻǰһŻ⣬һѲӴٵĳ߿
нϼȷӵ˵СӣֻҪҷκεС˵ʲôұ֤øղĥ˵İ취ĥҹ֮Ż
СĲҡǳηĿ˻һۣ˵
вʱ洬ʻ˹ǴҲվһͷҲʮͷʹ˳ųһֵϵܣǰʲô쳣ô
ûСһжͦõġϻص
ˣȥϢɣֵǻˡ˵
õģϵࡣϵĻһ䡣
ߵĴҪŴʱ򣬶ǴϵͻȻͺϸ磬
һͣ˵Ķ׷ս˷
֣ҿɫ̫ðߵֵĺܡЩʵ
ϵֵĻǵȻ΢΢һЦ˵Ϸϸżз纮ߵλֵǴӳڸոյģôţϵѵҲô
˹һЦ˵ҲҡֻôһʣСΪϾǵԴ飬ܶЩǰ컹ɱ˼Ѳڼְصֵܡ
õģֵ飬ϸһˡ˵ţɿ˼ǻ˴Ŵĳǽ
߳Զ֮󣬸ղҴϵû뿪߿˹
Щ̫ĵ˵ϣ㲻Ǹͨ籨˰ɣ
СҰղС˵ĻӦȫˣһ仰Ҷ˵Ͻŵ
߰ɡǶԷģӦⲻ󡣡˵
˵ţ˱ٴοٵĻ˴ŴĳǽһΣһ·֮Ҳ˼ѲߴȫǳϸӦ˹ȥ


2592 
һصڴĳǵķʮܣǴЩѲĶ֮бܿһ
ԭĳǻһƬԴһصᵽط֮ͳһĴڡ
Ǵĳ˱ѹˮԨܵҲһصȺ
Ѳߴһûмųϼȷ泯Ŵĳǵķȥһ·֮˺üѲߴɳӦ˹ȥ
ǰһξ룬ɫ֮䣬Ѿĳǵ½ˡ
طΪͻȻ˵һСһЩˣǰкǿķãƶѾӦˡ
æ˵λ˵ûڴĳǸȷзãν֮ˣᱻⷨɱǡ
۾ϸӦһ£ҲⷨȷǿҴûмһַ󡣡
˵ţڰ֮ջͼ˳ǰһƣ֮ϸֹ߽֯Թһ㣬۸ӡ
һ֮䣬ͼǸгϵļȷ˵ˣʲôУѾķ󲼾ĬУֻҪвأǱ㽫㶪ˮԨ֮С
ѾЩ˵ֶθĿɿڴЩʵ㡭ǾʲôˣӦòռ˰ɣ
ʵĲҪʣĻһֻҪǴĳǾͿˡҵ
ϱ˴ͷָǳŴĳǵķȥ
طȻǲĺ棬ʵȴɱվһԣųϣˣʲô
СںƮһСʱ֮ʻⷨܲĺ棬ʼŴĳǵ½ؽӽ
Ƕϣһϡٵĵط½Ρ
Ӧǿ˰ߣСһʯ˱˴Ŵĳȥ
ǵ½ĳǵʱ컹ûȫϴߵ·ȷǿʲôˣȥʮֲָֻԨǱߵֲͬ
ľһ㶼Ƚϸߴ󣬳ҲɫЩûмСҲôηЩˣȥ
ҿгǸСԴȴǹһ㣬滹мӡߵĶȴ˺ูܶ㣬ٶȺܿ졣
һ·֮ϣǼϡŹֵ̫ˣҲûжЩ̫Ĺע
ѺųϣСĳ½ȥ
·ϣһ³Ϲһصܶ
ϸ˵һصܶĳĵĵشǵطʯͷΧһǣһصܶĴ󲿷˶ʯͷ棬ҲвֹܴĳǸˡ
ĳǳһص֮⣬ĳǵԭʼ䣬⻹һЩ˵İˡ
ĳǵԭס񣬲Ѿȫһص£ˡ
ֱǻё塢塣
ё˳ĸ˲࣬ȴһëͣһָǻ۵ĳǱȽԭʼԭס
ǰһЩԴȴһӵ࣬һͱȽӴϲȺɽ֮УҲŸһ˼ά
ǸͱȽ˼ˣǾࡣ
Щĩʱ򣬷ŵˣһʼʱ򣬴֧ŷģΪɱ˲ˣսܣű㿪ʼɱŵЩˡ
ʱ֮һ֮ʿĴ׷ɱ֮£һˣҵ˴ĳط귱ϢҲڴĳ٣˴ĳ֮ˡ
ЩҪһصĻܶ࣬󲿷ֶߣһصܶʵȣ̫࣬Ҳȫһص¡
һصеһֶǴЩѡġ
ڳϴȥĵطЩľۼأΪǸǳһģһ࣬ĿȽСһЩ
ǰһξ룬ɫвʱӭͻȻ˼ֵ࣬ԴҰͷϳֱۣﻹŴõĲӣԶԶĿ˹վһԣԴһΨΨŵŵģǴ߹ʱЩҰһļһﻹ˵ʹ
ɴ˿ɼĳ¼ЩһصˣǶèһ㡣
ЩǲᣬŴĳȥһĳǣҪһطţΣȻ취һص֮ܶڣһǵһĴ㡣


2593 Ǽϸ
һ·Сһ·֮רһЩСУǵײһصĴѲߵˣ˵ǺѲ߶ӣĳǵ½֮ҲкܶĴεѲ߶ӡ
һʱ䣬һصܽɳѲ˾͸ˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǰվʲôҵĳ
ǴһƬ֣ڼ˺ܶ೤ι״ˣǳ֮һЩɢ࣬Ƕ˼άЩ˿֮󣬶ԶԶĶ㿪ҪôվһԣԴһԣ뿪֮ǲŸ뿪
ȫһصЩͷʹ·ԴŷһƤߣԷȻϲ
Ƭ֣ǰ߰·̣ɫѾȫ
ǳϸ˵֪һطһɽ֮ǰǰסĵطЩ˱һص˾նɱǸɽͿ˳ҿȥ
ҲȨ֮ƣҵһŵĵط֮ٴӳ顣
ţǰͻȻһСկӣկӲܴ󣬵ǷݵĽķӲ࣬ԼлǱ߶
Щˣ˱㾯үʹһɫʾƿկӡ
ǳȷ˵ģЩ˶һֵˣѾһصշˣκ⣬ƿկӣҪȥǸɽҪкԶ·̡
һ·֮ϣϵıֻǲƴӣǱĻܿߵǸկԱߣۿžҪȥʱͻȻկ߳һƱԼʮˣӭײһš
ǰһҲһͷһڱͻӵĵطЩ˵ģ
ǹͷ󣬸ŵһƱĿҲע⵽ߡ
Ҫٶ㿪ѾˣҵĿݺݶ˳ϣǲСӸĹ⽫Ǵطġ
ǳǰ濴ȥʱ򣬷һ˵Ϊǳ˵λɢһͱ˵ơ
ϡ㲻ǸںˮԨѲôôܵϷأϵǸͷ߳ʵ
ںˮԨһЩҪǰȥĳ棬·˴Ϲƽ˵
ղΪ˲⳵ϳΪǵ׸лɢĶǸ⿪һȲܶҲǰ·ҲܸԱĻᡣ
Ǹϵȥи߰ʮ꣬ͷҲף۾ӥǼɨһۣ˵ϣںˮԨʲôܸܲϷ˵˵
ԵЩɵ¶в㡣
һЦ˵˰ˡ߰ɣϷĹͲɣ
һ֣ȻǸ˴ǰȥ
ϢԴ߻߹ŵҸү
Ϊ˲⣬ĸǰǷֿվģΪΣʱܹʱ֡
߹ߵʱһֱ۾ЩˣۿϾҪʱͻȻԤ׵ĻеĿ˵ĺն˹ȥ
˱ǳ۾һ㣬һʱЩ˶ʱٵķɢŰΧ
мϸǼϸͻȻһ˻֮ʣͻȻ񱼣Щ˱˹ȥ
ˣҶʱ߳ŭԭСڿǣ֪طһصܶĸԲŹǹ
£˫صһģǾתιǵҩЧʱһҺʱԵڵأش۵ķɱһĲҺ
ӲСƾǼˣ͸ҴĳǹİɣЦ
ǳϸߵܣչ̲סʵ
ÿǼ˾ЩΪŹ֣ǴĳǣеʹǲͷģͷһͷǴ˵ôߣղϷһϵϢǳİÿ˵ΪǶھѹƣɻ¶š˵
˵ֵסˣ⼸ͽһ׽ˣܶͣ
һ䣬ǼʮͷʹˢˢĽ˳㳯ɱ
۵شĳŵߣסĴȵҡҰ
ʥ̣Ϸ㣬һ̰ɣһƣһ˳ϵϣǳ϶ʱѪһغ


2594 ¶
Ҳ֪һصܶʲôλΪȴȳϸ߳˺üΣΪʱ¶ǵݣܹһȻֱһƾϣĵѪɥ
ֿǹݵģԼ˵ɱ͸ɱˡ
ǳϸոյڵϣһ֣Ǽʮ½ǸŰΧ
ץģܶͣһǴʲôطġ
˵գǼʮͷʹ׷˷㳯˳ɱ
زҲֻܸЩ˶ˣҲûбҪԼʵ
һ֮䣬ҸүǱŷʮˣеķֻһ±ƿ˶ԷϵƤףȻȡǵ
Ǽǰ̫ˣҲзǶûü֣Էôˡ
ʣµЩһⲦǿ׷¶ޱȾֵı飬˼
ҲǴʧɫæ˵ΪԾôߵΪǾʲôˣ
ȥظүɣҿ궸Ȼֱȥ
ȻҪ֣ǾսپǸһصܶ˹Ԯ
û뵽Ÿո̤ĳûãһصˣ׽һ²һ
һ·֮ϣǣΪǷɾ裬ˣҲû
ɱеĸֵһΣ㳯ҿɱ˹˵ķײһ𣬷һһ˺ü
һĹЩֱ˿ʮ
Щͷʥʹ⼸λǰǰǲһһ֮ڱȡԷ
Ż׽ǵʱʶⲦ˵Ŀ֮Ⱥȫǹͷġ
ʶһֻ֮Ҷƴһ֮ת˵ϣߴϽߡ
֪ȴˣǰ˫һ̧˻һȻƷ
˲͸ϵߣһϿȥһסһҽһţ߷ɳȥԶ
ڵϹ˺üȦʱͻȻһźŵ͵һźŵ
һжʱźŵһ죬ĳǵ˶ᱻʱĳǱЩ˵֮ء
źŵһ̣붼û룬ֱ̧һһл㾦źŵķ˹ȥ
⵽ɫĹƫôźŵ棬źŵֻ׵ľ룬ͱϨˡ
źŵ֮󣬼ûгɹתߣһһִźŵҪһ
ٸᣬβϳ׷ȥͬʱҽͭǮ˳߶ͭǮɢȥʧ֮УҲ͹˲ٷźŵοٵ㣬ЩǱ
ͭǮʱҾѾǰ档
Ųһ٣ҿɶӣֻٴξеĳָҵ㡭Ǿʲôˣ
֪Сү׹ҽ֪ſɶôɭȻһЦ
ɱħһһֵ˵
ңɣ˵ţٴο첽ϣеĽϵĳϿȥΪҲǲһʮغϣҵһһؿڣˣȻ߶˺ϴ辭Ϊȫɵˡ
СӵΪǲģɱЩ˷ѣҲ
˺ϴ辭ֶּӵĹ⾰㱻Ҹҡ
ʰ֮ҸүǱѾЩһصĹͷʹȫ˽ˣʬ嶼£һɰչû𾫳һŴ֮𣬽Щʬȫճ˻ҽ
ҿ첽˹ȥɨһˣЩǵʵǽô죿ɱһصܶôˣǳҪ¶ġ
ҲֻһһˣһصܶûзǣһطȻ㡣˵
˵ţͻȻ죬ͷȥһ˳С֮ܶǰղҪʱͻȻƷڵأҪȻһһ׷
ǡǴôûȥ䡭ǸЩɨһǵ
ʶô˽ɽ峤ĺ觵׹˳


2595 
觵ĵ׹ɽ峤˽óʱ˶ʱЩ⡭Ҵɽ峤ôϣ
ɽ峤ǵģ˵˼׹ɽ峤һ㣬ղ˵ɽ峤磬ɽ峤ʲôˣ
ҽȣܾúܾ֮ǰͱĳЩ˸׽˹һص˵вӱǵĶ򣬸һ׽Ѿʮ˱ǸˣҲǺ͸ЩˣղſɱôˣҾЩȥֵܽãŽƷڵأôӣûٶҡ˿˵
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬵Ǵ߳ʱ峤㶣˵һȵˣո̤ϴĳûãײȣҲ
Ǵʱֳɽ㶣Ǵ䣬㻹ûлţ񿴵㻹ڣҲһ׮¡˵
˵䣬ԶͻȻһЩٵĽŲڸ˵ͬʱҶ˰ٲϵֶΣʱ̹۲ΧĶЩŲʱұ˵Ͻ뿪ɡ˹ˡ
˴ǲҾˣȻ˱ȣһ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ҲܸһߣẦǵģҲõңҲǴǰƬӣһֱߣǵطһƬľۼأǻǣǸǳһģһ
ЩΪʲôǣЩŲѾԽԽˣ˸ȻָȻ첽ȸָǸ첽ȥ
Ҳ֪ǸղŸЩһصƴ˶ԷľһѲߵ˴·ǲټˣһս
һų̺ܿ죬ʮ֮ǱٴǱ֮С
һеˣʮ뻢Ѩһͽɱһصܶôˡ
Ѳ߶ӵɱʮЩҲɱ˼ʮˣͻȻһصܶ˲ܲȴǵĽһʮֲпĿ飬ȻĳǣҪ뿪ûôˡ
Ƭ֣ѾһСʱ֮ˣǰͻȻһƬɽȣɽ֮˿һƬµķӡ
ЩӽģʱĽ
֮ǰǸ˵˵ŵĲӵĳǱѣڴ˾þҪһص磬Ѿһص£ˡ
ϻ˵һ˸ĳ֮ˣկӻߴ˶ᱻɱ⡣
Щ㲻ףΪʲôҪˣⲻǹͶô
һ˹ȥ˭أ
˵ӦòڲƭǣϾϵ
˿̣ϴĶһصЩͷʥʹ·һʱҲ±ʶݡ
ԶԶĿһƬµķӵʱ˶ѣֻ˵˿ܰǣﵽ˭أ
ͣʼ顣
֮£ܹǵģ϶оصĽɫһ˼ҲﲻʲôæǾ峤סʲôλãȻɡ
˷׷׵ͷĺܶԡ
һ˵ǧȷɹȥܸһ˫۾ҵ˵ط֮ȥ
ðɣϽɣһص˸׷ˡдߴٵ
һ˵ͷһؿڣǧƱϷ˳ǧƷɳ֮ͻȻͳҸүǱ߷˹ȥҸү˺üȦʮǵģ
Ҹү΢΢һЦ˵ѣּˣϽȥɡ
ʱǧƲĳԶǸСһĵط˹ȥ
ǧƷɳȥûãһ˵ϣһˡ
ЩΧһߵȺ˽Сʱһ۾˵ǧǰǸСӷһȦһԺ䣬Ӧ峤סĵطӵĴھҪȥô
²˳٣Ͻ߰ɡ˻˻֣Ȼ˱㳭С˿ǰ첽С
Ǵ죬Ҫȫ˿ҲǲܵģǿС֮󣬲ŷСʮֵģСﶼвˣֻǴŻһǰװǧ׵ЬӣЩʹ˻峯˵Ĵӡ


2596 ԸԺ
Щ˵ģ࣬Ǵĳ֮ԭסһι״ǰֱ۾Դȥоˡ
Ǿܿ˶ĵطǧƸǿ̽ǰû˵ʱǲſ첽Ȼһ·ڣư˹գõĹڵ֮ǰһ˵ǸլԺԱߡ
լԺһĴһ֮ǰ˵С֮һլԺǧƸһԺſڵĵطм˸ҶΪĺ֡
Žȥ붼ûǱߵһεԺǽ棬˷ǽèһ½ǸԺ֮С
ڳĶߣ׳ֽЩ׾֮⣬׾ٵķԺǽ
׳׳վԺǽ߳һȥҲܹȥ
ȫԺǽ֮󣬷⴦լԺ֮ʵʮֿһЩϡĲľдУԺﻹֲһЩԳԵˮ
ǸһǧưĴ̽լԺ֮еûڣûʲôҶĳ֮УеĻֱӽǧƷɽȥ¹ƣʱŪΣҲòǹȥˣʡ鷳
ǧƷɳȥã˱׷˹ȥǴ˵һԺӣûκζǧƷɻǱţ˵ǰǸԺʮҶùƸŷˡ
һĴԺש߽ṹȫ֮ɫһǰԺӣһֱԺӵʱǧƱ˻Ժ֮Уһλʮǿĸڣܶ¹ơ
ǿĸ֣ӦþҪҵˣҲ峤ɡ
˶һۣŲͣǵĳһԺȥߵԺ֮У˽ŲûվȣŴ򿪵죬ˣ߰ʮߣʮˣŷһĿǡ
Щ˳֮󣬽űһȥҸүµߴΡΡ˳ﻹһСŮͯ
Ҳǰ׷һɷǵķ緶۾
ǣСŮͯżѵСѾͷСĵˤඡ
಻ˤġСѾͷһЦͷ˵
ͷٺһЦ̧ͷǿһۣɫһһصԸʲô
ҸүҪǰͷҡͷԲԡǲһصˣǶǴİɣ
ͷǸ֣һ۱ܹǵݣڳǶһ
λϸǶǴģ֪ϸοģҸүʮֿĹ˵
߸һˣǴĳ֮ˣ˼ǳڴĳǣҲܻ϶ǴӴĳ֮ģߣλΪĪ⣬мλһصˣҲûмǵĶ֣ǵװײ࣬ԴϻŷҲ̫Ϸûɣߵ˵
λϸĺеǵȷһصˡҸүֵ
ǾʲôˣʲôСһ·ǰլԺ֮жҵļҶ˻мҾ죬ǿǵ߳
λϸ羡ܷģֻǰݻϸģֻǱЩСֽţһʱ֮ȻͻҸүֵ
Ҹү˵ߵɫ΢һЩ˵˵˵ɣǾʲôˣﵽΪ£
һ˸ոյ½ĳǣ㱻һص˸ˣԷһܣһ˵ָ㣬˵ܹõ˼ҵıӻǰðһԡҸү
߿˵ߵһʮͷͻȻסɱһصˣܵǽֻôϽߣҪȻҪˡ
߳Ƭֻ̣ǵʵĸǹģ
һȵˣ֪ϸϲʶ
ŵǶ죬ǰǰһصҪɱʱϷһû뵽˾Ȼ𱨣鷳ָϷ˹Щõ˵
˵жһ⻰˼ǲôǡ
Ҹү˵߰˰֣˵߰ɣϷﲻǣװûпĳ֮ϣһص죬ǣ˭ûк³ܻܲͿǵ컯ˡ
龹ȻزвЩһص˵ĳء


2597 
ǻһϣأԭ˼Ҳܱǡ
һʼΪȸ֮ʲôĽأԭˡ
ֵزЩ߻ǲأ
ʵҶǱûб̫롣
ǻߣѵҪǸ𣿳һصûҵǣøϽ뿪ĳǣǲЩǵġղǸ˵ͷֵ
ȻˣǾͲˣԵٻᣡҸүһ֣תҪһ뿪˴
ʱЩˣǶĳֲ죬ӵȥأ
߸ոǰûͻȻ䣬ֵȵȡǻЩûлشҡ
ͣ˽ŲҸүתλϸ֪ʲô
ʲôˣĳǵĿʲôʵ
Ҹү³ظʬҺġ
Ҹү˵꣬߾ԵЩæҸүĻ³ظʬҵĺˣһλǰʲôϵ
ҵ常ȴ縸һ㡣Ҹү
Ҹү˵ߵɫһ䣬ȻɨһۣԸߵ˵Ƕȥɡ
סʲôѵҪǲɣһصǲ𰡡ͷ
ΪĻôϽȥغſڣһص͸Ͽ֪ͨҡЩŭ
ǼӱҲֱӴߵнСŮ˹ȻҴҵ뿪
ǰŸߣ߱һ֣ʮֿ˵λѣ˵
˭Ҳ֪ΪΣҸүոԱ֮ǰ߱һһٰʮȵĴת䣬һЩܲˡ
˶һ£Щ̫ŵı˴˿һۣүһȣ˽ȥ
ȫ֮߱㽫Ÿˡ
һӣһľΣ˺䣬׷
һ߱һ֣ҸүϷ壬Ҹ࣬飬ףףʢ˳ơף漮ԥʿһٶǰǨĳǣӲд񡭡
һͷҸүӼǰζһ𣬷׷״վ幰ֵʧʧ
ֵǼСĿʼˣǺҲܴôû˵ֻ˵࣬ǿǸǶݵĵӾ磬ҸүǶʶӡ
СȻûмǰʱ仹С¶֪Ҳ˵ǰӢ¼ǿһĴӢۣܣԱܣгû룬һɱ޶ǰҸͶ𣬾𡮷󡯵ĴЩһٸƶ˾ֻϧ峯͢߹˵ϼл֮±Χഫǰ֮ǰһɱϰٸˣмʮ͢Ĺӣϵĵǹϰٴŵؾ塭ϷǰͶأҸү˵ļס΢΢
Ҹү˵ǲ֪һˣԭǵŵһ䣬ǺƣֻϧҪ峯͢ȴ峯͢һ³
Ҹү˵Ҳ͵Ϲ˵ûƶҲǰʮ־ʱҲ˼ҵ¼ֻϧӢţ峯͢ʵǷİװӢѪᣬ̫ϧˡ
һ̾εҸ֪Լã㽫ֵܽüҸڷ֮Ҳܵ˳صĴĳһֺڶͻȻҵǣһЩĲºͼҾǧգ㵽ĳ֮Уһһٶ꣬Ѿǲ׺ɣ˷˰ɣ
ֺڶԳơʥĸյ쵼ߣ˵ڽű͢߹²ˣȻ㲻֪١˵ĿǴˣΪ˼ʵ
⼸λǰ죬ǼСĶһͷˮҵţһٶˣ֪ѧʱҲûкúѧ˽ҲǺܶࡣ
Ϊ£˵ͷ˵λϵ˵ֺڶȷڽű͢߹׽ˣϣǹ͢Ĵ֮ɱ䣬˳֮ҹһ·͢׷ĳǱѡѾǺܾúܾ֮ǰˣȥҲˡ


2598 ǽ
˵ǰ£⼸ǰվ겻ѡ
꾿ʲô飬ҲϾûоŵʷпģֵҲǷзڴﵽʮϰ򣬲˲β룬꿴˾ʹɱҽãҲò޹ڷ
˹뾩ʱŻһھЩ˹ƴҲк֮ܶʿսɳ塣
Ͼû飬ЩСҲж
ǼλǰһԽԽǼԽԽͶԵ˺ǰȴһ֣˵Ҫ˵Ӣҵǰŵ֮ȸ˵ʱǰȴڶԸµһа̰̣İ̷ͷһʱˣҪǰʿһٹ˰ܶ棬նɱ˰գҲڵĽ֣ҺСʱ򣬾彲ǰĹÿ彲ǰʱ򣬶Ե壬˼Ҳʵʵ溺ӣӢۣû뵽ܹǰĺˣϷҰ
ǶӢϧӢۣһĹѾ֮ɢˣǵӢţ񣬰ҸȼΪһصĳ֮УΪǰյȻնɱȴδ𣬱̵ռһӵж¯֮Ӥʬ꣬ǰѾӵж¯֮ӤںϵĲˣӦҲҪָʮΪɽ֮ʱٴαȷѪ꣬ѪɺӣǰΪһصĵϸȻż֮ϸɵĸǰһͬһصġҸү
˵ͷҪ˵ЩʲôʱԺͻȻһٵĽŲûнݣŵ˵үүһصˣ˵ҪѲ鼸ˣ˵ǳˣҵڸô죿
ǽɡ
˺ǳһ£Ȼŵðɡȥ˵
û뵽һص˽ղŴһ˵Ķúõģôתۼͱģ
ˣ϶ɫ֪δ㡣
ˣתǵλĪҪţ䷿һңλȽȥƬ̣Ϸһصǡ
˵ţߵ˴֮еһԱߣӵĺӦһأַαתƬ̣һǡĻ죬ӱ㳯һŲ¶һһҵķζڡ
λϽȥһ°ɣֱ֮ͨһլǿԴ棬ҲԴȥʱˣǸϽȥɡߴٵ
ڳ˶ЩɣֻҸү˵ͷһָлˣϸ硣
ʱˣɶæ֡
ţҸүһͷǸڣҲԥ׷ȥһƬʲôȫȥ֮󣬽ִ˻죬ӿٵĻָԭλסǸڡ
һƬһһӦĹߡ
ʵЩԥģϾǸ岻죬ոȻĵ֣֪֪治֪ģ˭֪ת֮᲻ὫǸˡ
һⶴûбĳڣǾͳ֮ҪôǶɣ֮һְ취ŪǣǼٴҲʩչ
ԣǸһ֮󣬰չ㽫𾫳ŪĻܣյõģҴԼжʮƽôվҲԵò̫ӵ
չǰһξ룬һתǵ˵ͷʾгڡ
΢оһЩ岢ûڲƭǡ
ûжãұ߶˰ٲϵֶΣϸĶҸүһ㣬϶ҲٲϵķţҲŶ䣬Ķ
ܿ죬ʹһҵĽŲ
ôˣأϻôصɱΪ°˵
Ǹһ˵ԵģĪ˵壬ĳǵκһ䣬ƵĲȥĵطôѵһ壿
֮ǰйԼһص˲ѵ֮ǰԼô
㲻Ҳ֪Ҳû֪ͨңһ浹˵м֪ĳ֮˴˴ĳǣӵ


2599 ԼҺ˺
ĿͱˣԴǲƣһ߸ϵģȻûн
ûг֮˴ϷҲ̫ǿ԰ʣЩ˳ʲôģ֪
ģҲֻ֪֪ʮļʮȫնɱʬˣ˵ϴһصķΣͷȫŷǳܵģ˵û壿ֵ
ɲҪѪˣ֮ˣµĿһصųն¾ȫ壬֮ˣɲҪǿңϷɵΡ
˵׼˭֪尲ʲôģҪ׽ˣƵĿ϶Բ˶ߣ˰ѣһԲϣԸߵ˿ʼԸ
ţͻȻ
ôţҹȻһصԿǲǻˣŭ
ƵģҪϷ򼸷ֱ棬ϼԸѾѵģͰѻܽ˴ĳ˼ѳԸϰٿˣҪɱҪϤ㣬ҪѲƵģ߳ԸԺϷͷȥ˵Եɣŭ
ѽԵģвأԸƵĻˣܽҲǵʲá
ԼҺ˺ڣ
ԼҴԺ֮дˡһƬŲٵĳ֮б˹еʵ죬ǽЩ˸Χˡ
ððԵģĵӿ治Сֲһֱ˵ϲ⣬ʥжģǿˣ񶼸ü˳ƴֹѲԸЩ֮˺пܾͲԸඣȻˣƵҲͲˣʱ򽫴ʵܶҪܹ񵽼ʱ
˵գһߣҪ뿪
һǸ˹
ϴ治Ƶ뿪ǰɣ˵
ĳȥ·ֻһ鲻ò˵ףЩ˵ȷԸСʱ֮ǰҺǼ˵һˣϴһصƤףͷźɫķҲȷǴ߾ˣǲûԸֻǴҴҶʱֻһۣΪһصڰ칫Ҳûȥʣ;ƣһصʲôʱͷˣ˷ԭȻʥ֮ˡϴͿ˵
ϴӦĶӣǴӣ˵Ϳࡣ
˵Ŀɵ棿Щŵ˵
ǧȷĳǴһٶ꣬һٶû߳ĳһʶ֮ˣҲûЩ˲ǣߣ֮˿Ƿʥ̵Ǿа˸ҲҰϴ
Сӻʶ࣬Ϊβأǲ˵
ҸˣЩ꣬£ǵȷû֮ˣϢŭϴֵ
⵱ӵģûжӶ¶ƵľͰѻԸһѶˣ˭ţɱ⣡ޱȣٴһ֣
һΣƺûٶ˵ʲôţ˱淭䵹죬߰㡣
ЩѲʱԵģԸĳ˭ҪʲôԹܿȥܶѯʣĳҲǷ¡
ǡʥ̵ĸҲӡһа˼ȥáϴ͵
ԼæжʮӵģĶͣ
ܶٴξۼ˴֮Уһһ˵ûС
Ӧһһʶ࣬һЩˣĴ
˵գһ˴Ҵ뿪˴˴
ڰǶ֮еЩˣеǿʯͷ˵ء
үģǱղŵһĻŻˣһѲ鵽лذһˣǿǺһս⣬̾ͻὫ˸ˮˡ
ЩаСʱ֮ǲٴδ˻ת죬ȻͷϵٴŲ¶Ǹڳ
˳Ŷڵӣһһȥ
һȥһֵԲס˸λܾˣû뵽Щһصļһô죡


2600 ֮
ϸ磬⻰ɷСˣһǰĳǣûͷӬһĴҴŸһĳǣһصˣһ˴׷ɱҪǳϸ˵ѾһصЩ˸Χˣﻹ㣬վϸ˵Ҹүһ֣ʮֳϿҵ˵
Ҫ־͹ϷܣûͳЩǣǲһĳǵˣһص֮ܶģȴĳǵİѹˣϷҲǸŭԣвӣǱɱľҲ򲻹ǡһεӣûڵһԼĴȡ
ϸ粻һص裬бԣ֮ܶиǸֱһһĽֽ֣ʬ꣬ЩӢۺúҲģҲ˵ˣ£Ҫʱһص⣬Ҳϼѣʤϡ˳Ͽҵ
˵ţű˿첽ߵ֮УЩ˵үүЩһص˺һûѳʲô뿪壬Űķȥˡ
˵ͷ˵˶ȥɣס⼸λĿ˵飬ǧҪ˵ȥһй¶һصĶ嶼Ҫ֮֡
ԼҺæͷ˵үүģ˶֪˵ȥġ
үӰ˰֣Լҵ˿˳ӣŸˡ
ٴڴ֮
ҸүٴοǶлϸˣؼʱǣˣ˴ѹ˵ڶİǸ鷳ˡ
ﻰλ֮ˣΪ˶ĲηЩ㲻ʲôȻ
˵䣬˱㲻ΣϵƤ߷׷׽¶ԼıĿҽϴһһص˴ƤҲж
忴һ˵ıĿ֮󣬶ʱ޲ڵֻǿλɫ֪浱񽭺ٮٮߣ඼װ֮
˵ţ忴Ӻͻ۾ʦˣֵ⼸λǡ
ҸүһһЩӡΪˡл۾ʦ
Ǽλǰͷǻ۾ʦֻصĸɮ֮󣬵Ȼ𾴣ǵֲһˡ
ѽʧʧԭλǵ񽭺Ķ֣ϷղԺðˡٴο
˻ȻҸүֽǼСһͷСǿգҲɽӣǿ⹫ɽƽ̵ʦš
Ƭ̣Ȼٴγ⣬ʮصʵλǰĳǣʲô㣿Ϸ֪λһһľ֣Ҫһصʱ⣬۵ɣǲܵģǿ϶Ҳ֪սʬ֮ʵվʮΪֱһĴڣϷСλǼһٺϲյĶ֡ϸ˵ļǣЩ֪֮϶еģҪȻҲոһصܶ˽ӴӵϸѣǴеĿĺܼ򵥣ǹǰվ˽һһصܶʵͰյûв˴Ȼ֪ͨĸɵĸǰһͬһصֻǼˣҲʤϰҸү˵
ǰǰһصԶûŰ裬Ȼʵǿ࣬һĸƴҲܹһصܶɲСĳʱʱҲĳǵİλ˫ˣǻǰˣ˳һصǰʮǶ廹Ϳģల£꣬ԴӰսʬ֮һصԽԽţһССʹҲҶָֻšղǸ˵ĻҲˣֻܱ۸ǰʵ̫ײˡֵ
ϸգΪͻȻʵ
⻰ʵһ㶣һŵҲ˵׼ǼûһΰճֹһΣһ̵Ľ֪Ūĸȩ̈Žӣ˴ĳǣһ·壬ʱϷȥһۣϷֵʱǰ̵Ľƿһ϶Լпһͷģȴܾò̫ʵϷһֻۣñҲǲ˵Ϊ޷


2601 ͳһս
˿үӿİոǸյķͬһ
Ǹİգֻһˣ˰յһʶձһΪûС
ǸգڳЩ˶Ҹү
һ㶣ԾǼǼôܻţ
ϸ磬ǸղİգֻһˣҲ֪֮ܲԴ˳ȥΪȥéɽһɹˣϸ缸õϢʱ˹ȥֽյķնɱéɽһѣһΣéɽҲܵشʧһ룬ڣָҸү
ǡǸȻǰյķһǿЩŵ˵
ǼԸǰյķҲʤʱȥǰյǼûһܹүÿɷ˵
ϸ磬ͼһôֵ
ţôһΡһصܶڴĳĴʯͷʯͷ֮ĳǵκ˵ǲܿʯͷǵģһصܶеҪټǣǲſԽ棬ǵطϷȥΣǴûмա
ǰ֮ǰ˵Ǹһص֮Լһص˸˻ɣһ£һصǲǵģԼʲôô̲ס
ԼǼʮǰµģһصܶոհĳǵʱһٶˣǧ࣬˲֪֣ŽёͰЩ˸ˣռĳǰĵλһصܶһҪȡ֮ϾͷԾ͸һصܶ˸һܣһصܶʵ̫ǿˣȻУԸ׳ƳΪսʤһ϶ҪսܵһҲҪ׳һЩʲô꣬ǣһĸּһصһʵ⳥һص֣ǵ֡Щһص˶˹ƣһصܶƴӣ㲻ˡ֮⣬ÿһ꣬嶼Ҫ׳ʮõ˳͵һصǵ֣Ȼꡣǰ
ô˵һص֮ܶУ󲿷ˣҲ
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼһصÿ궼һЩΪʺܸߵСӹǳΪûиɱ˻һΪߣЩСǶɳר˵ĸȥɫֻҪУǧټƵı˴ôÿһٸӣҲϡƽɡ
ȥ˵һصܶÿһ˳ȥܶһ棬ԭǶѡʾ֮ˣ֮ܶϤģԵѵҪͳźͷŵӸӲпᣬÿ֮⣬ҲûбˣԲŻ
Ȼһصܶ˶ѹΪβ߳»صչҲʵ
ǲ룬ǸǳȥʱҲˣڶһصܶ˰ѳţǺѲ߶ӱ㲻֪жˣ˸ҳȥǷ־ֻ·һ
˵ҲǣĳѾһصܶȫѳסˡ
˶ѾһܺõĹ߰ˡ
̾Ϣһһص̫ˣǴĳǵʱŮټҲһǧˣʮķϢֱһصܶʱǵѾﵽ򣬸һصܶһ֮ǧˣʱһֱָǿһصÿҪʮˣҲԽԽˣܹǧˣȥ֪廹ֶܼá
Ŀǰ˸ͳһսߵģǳһصʵһֱǶڻֻǸŭ԰ˣһصԣһصܶ棬Ҳһĺ£۴ʲôƶǵġ
ϸ磬ĳǾס˰ϣһص϶˽࣬Ҿʣһصܶ浽ʲôжʵܹﵽһʲô̶ȣУûлȥһصܶʯͷƣһǵĵϸҸүֵ
Ҳ̫Ϊÿһ꣬һصܶ涼֣Ҳһ꣬ǵı䶯ܴ󣬸ϷƣǵҪǧϣҸΪĸ֡


2602 һĴ
屨֣ǲûо̫⣬֮ǰ׽ǸͷϾ͸˵һţ˵мǧˡ
ֻʮӴģǧˣûһǳԸɷģһֵܵéɽһϼĸ֣Ȼĸŷŵĵӣϼϵĸּһǧˣһ룬Щֹˡ
ߣһصԶԶֹЩˣ棬һصÿʡݻֶ棬ܵļжˣ˭Ҳ޷
Ŀǰվһص֮ܶڣͲö֪ˡ
ǵЩΣĳȻˣһصܶ潨ǸʯͷǸ޷룬ȥ޷˽ǵĲãǾ޷һж
ҸүƬ̣Ȼʵϸ磬һصʯͷ֮ǰһƬڣ֮ǰĳǵģǸطӦúǡ
֮ǰһƬɽҰ룬һƬӣмʮͻأĴɽһص֮󣬾ͽƬӸˣ췿ݣʯͷΧǣʱʯͷǵʱһصʹ˹ȥæёͰҲһͬǰæ˺ܳһʱ䣬ʱ֮˾ͺٽȥˣôЩ꣬ҲͽȥΣûٽȥǰսʬ֮һʱ䣬ǸǱŲĺϡүӵ
ϸ磬ˡСðһ䣬һһصܶ濪սһ̬ȣҸүɫ
ʲô̬ȣѾˣϷҪվһصߣҲ˵ôĻղһص˹Ųʱͽλˡֻǣ岢Ϸһ˵ģҪսϷ¶ĺϼһ£϶ڣҹζ֮࣬ǰ֪ͨһصеļƻһ񣬻֣֮ϸΧһصҲᱩ¶
һصܶѾоˣһĳǣɱһصܶôˣҳһţƶôǸϽжһص˻ûͷлһص׽𣡡
˵вⶼһ
˼˵һɱһصܶôˣһصûоǲˣǱ뵽ǣ϶ҵһصܶ䣬һصҪĳǵټڼ֮ڣԾҲǵټƾҪһĴˣԣǱҪȡж
ҪȻСֱô֪ͨéɽƽ̰ɣϽټɵĸ֣ǰĳǣǿҪӽĳǵʱֱɱһص֮ܶڣһӦϣȡһص£ʱϵԽԽǲȥˡΪ
ľЩçײǻǲ˽ʯͷǵڲ֪ʲôãçײĳɱȥǵȲɵԮЩ˾Ҫȫûˡ۾ʦǵ
ҲҲУѲǾɵŲɣȹϸ죬Ҳǣ˵תƵĵطȥˣҪȥѰǵټЩյ˵
ˡ֮ǰϸ˵һص֮вˣܲһ֮˹˵˵һصڲľܹǴʯͷڲòˣʯͷڲɱ䣬󿪳ţӦϣ˵¶ͳˡҸү
ү֮ɫһŵвһصڲȥˣǵòһصܶεģΪٺãҲֻһЩССĽɫһص˿϶Ƕз֮ĵġߣȥˣ󲿷ǲóʯͷǵģϷиӣԳʯͷﵱϷкü궼ûмˡһ鲻ò˵һصֵµˣȫϴˣһصǾԵҳᱳһصǿУȡԱķʽͬھܸоǱ˹һ㣻Ϸ˵һصԳСӶʮַУҲүүƶҪҶˡ
ү˵һ־Ϊ
ϸһҲǣһصЩͷʹȷˣһвԷÿζѡԱķʽͬھéɽʱ򣬻׽ôһصĹͷʹҲûдõ֣ѡɱˣǿ϶үӵӿ


2603 
һ˾үӵļ˴죬֪ͺ
ţٴνŲ˹ſ˵үүһصһǰҰĲ飬ô죿
үӿһۣԴǸ˵Բסλ֮жһ°ɣɫҲˣʲôΣһصˣϷԻᰲ˹ЩʳҲúúϼһ£ûİ취
²˳٣ӦһүӱһεĴ˻أ½˽ȥ
ȸͷ׳Ҳò׼֮ǰӲ»ָԭλ
֮У˷׷ҵطһĳݡ
˽ֵľ棬˭Ҳ֪ôˡ
ȥûãһ˴Ĵ֮У˶䣬˰ٲϵֶĶ˷䵹˺һ֮󣬲ͣ
Щһصֺ֮ϼãʼûһİ취
ֹʱүԸõķ˹װţǵ
ⷹ˸ķ˲಻󣬰ͷмСˣֻǻ˲֪ʲô⣬ζʮ
Ȼóԣһﶼû̫ʳԳһ﷢
һֱûô˵׳ڳĬ֮ͻȻ̾˵Ҳ֪òôǹںˣһصܶˣЩ˿϶ĳǶˣ߶߲ˣﱻǳ飬ǲһӶⰵյ档
׳СӱʮŨһֵ춼ˡ
׳ģǺܿͿԳȥˣұ֤֮ڣǾҪдĶҵ
˵ĺúõģҪҵĸĸ˶ȳԼŶˣҲָʲôˡ׳ٴϳ
һߴҲͲԽ˵СԽ
԰֮˱ڵϣԵϢʱԼǿս
ڰʱ򣬻ΪÿԹһ¡
£ڶһ磬ٴδҵţǳȥ͸˳ٺϼһ°취ʵǱ֮žˬ
үӸ׼緹Ǳڴ֮һ㡣
ʱҿүӵɫЩ̫ÿԷʱЩƮ
үҲĹŹ֮ǲʲôҪ˵
˵λһص˲ԽԽˣֻСĹˣ֪컹浣ǻҵңǸѳǿɾ鷳ˡ
ү꣬ϸ磬ϵ֪㶥ĪѹʵڶвĻǳ԰緹뿪
˰֣˵ϵܣҵ˼ˣϷûҪߵ˼ֻǵǵİΣһţֶһصˣЩĵϷţʵڲУǹ죬ȷͷһЩʱ뿪ĳǣϷ֪һصСֱͨˮԨҪ뿪ĻȫԱܿһصЩ˵ģΪСһصҲ֪ôߣҲûзá
ððĿ뿪𣿡׳Щ˵
ǰصСǺ֮ǰͿٳģʮ߶ĿСһЩٶЩ˿϶Ͳˡүӵ
˵䣬ͻȻ䷿洫һٵĽŲŴſ˵үүˣ˲һصˡ
ɶˡأүӼ
ſˣסֵ
Ͻġˣǿ㣬ǻСӸˣǿ϶Ҫϴ鷳ˡүæߴ˵
ĸҵ飬æ׷֮У
Ļظһϣұ洫ŵ졣
ţ½½Ĵ֮С
үүСˡһ˵˵
Ӧþ˵ģǸӣһصλ
ððСӣôүүүүܸ˰ǲǻ㽫Ըһ飿Щ˵
үүмӳˣɱʥ̲ˣĳܵĳڶˣǿ϶Ӳʥ̵ģҲǷ鿴һүүˡԳ
ô˹ɶϽǳȥүүġ
ֵǡȳȥһ£ԺһҸүүüûˣ˵仰Գʮֿ˵š


2604 Ф
Щ˺ͦԳӣ½½߳˴Ÿˡ
Щһص߳ȥ֮ԳͻȻɫүүôô꣬ղ˭Էˣ
Գʳ仰ʱ⡱һ¡
ѾģղڴԶԳĴæ˽ַϣңүҲûüʰԳͽˣô죿
үӳƬ̣ŵաղ岮һ緹˳һЩ顭
үү԰ɣҼǵǳԷڲûԹԳŵ˵
СӣСʲô˼үү˵ĻˣЩõ
ٺ١ԳһЦ˵үү㣬ֵֻе¹ʥ̵İΣа취ҼǵһңǿԲ˵ģѵүү׼Щ꣬Ǹ֮еЩ˳Եģ
˵˵ʲôˣСιǴүүǰɣүüûˣһҪԼңﵽ׻ûүүүŭˡ
ү̸ǼѣԳļһﻹǸ첻ߣȻ˹Լҡ
˱˴˿һۣⶼЩһԳң棬ὫЩһصȫָ޷⡣
һ϶ִˡ
ȻүүģЩˣǶʥвܴģǵǻүүȻ˵үү֮ûˣ򿪿Ӧ޷ɣԳֵ
ҾСӿ϶ǱһصֽŵģǺԻһֻǵһصһ񶼲Ҫˡ
ԳǱŹǵġ
СӣҪǸҴҵţԺͲҪԸˣҲûӣûˣֻʹɱﵣԴв
үү㲻ңҲүүġˡˡ˵ţԳ㳯˹
ĽŲүæһ֣ʾ˳ķǱȻһƣ˼˵һԳˣǲҪ
æŵȥֻӺͻ۾ʦǷɢ˸֮УεϵϢǴ㶯ֽԳ׽ˡ
Сӣң˵ţͻȻԳ
үүҪˣҪǲ¶ųȥܶ־ͺˣЩֵȫйҿ˼δãԳв
㡭Фͳ
ǡǻתͷϵٴŲһ͸˽
ȫס˺ĵȴš
Ƭ֮ͻȻǸڴһǶһڵϣðɫӿȥ
һ龰ҶʱдԳӿǹģ͵ˣûóȻȳһڶĶɨһ¡
ҿޱȵɫȻǾ綾֮鷳ˡ
ס˱ӣæˣҸүȴȲغõĽ֮Уһ
ɫĶǳˮһٵĳӹлҲѣֲôˡ
ʱߵһͻȻǧƷ˳Ƕ֮зһȦܿ˻
ţһС˵СŸ磬ģⶾǧܽ⡣
⻰ұʾ˲Ҫߣš
Ƕܿ쳯ӹƮ֮Уʱоⶾޱȣ˸۾Ǳ۾Ҳ
Ҳ֪ǲŴүٶֵʣⶾմȾҵϣҲûе£ֻǾЩͷĿѣ·İչǿ˲͵˵ϡ
ǵµʱǧƺܿͷ˹ֱǵ֮Уžͷ˳һ֮С
˴ԼʮӣĳƮ˹ȥʱ˲١
˱ǧƸ˶ɫ̫ãȫĴӵ
ֹƬ̣ǶɢĲˣһδǶڴһԾ£һѩĴ󿳵һ㿴վڲԶǣʱһ
Сӿȥиʮ꣬ƲСӣָݡ
ûʲôӦܵҸүͬʱѣԳ˹ȥλүӵΪ֮ߣԳûʲôмֻ֮ü˵ķ򿳳һҸүһƱĺϡ


2605 ֵɽ
ϵԳСҪǣǸһѣ֪ʲôĶ֣ΪһССĶܹ˸ŵ̫ˡ
ԳҸүһں֮󣬸ûκأһ͵˵ϡ
ȫչȥͷϣүӻŵĽԴ̽˳Щŵʵϸ缸Ƕû¶ɣС졭ϸ缸̧֣Ҫǡ
ϸģǲͷϸæӦһصˣܲʳʲôҸүС
úúáϷȥЩˣǿǧҪô˵ҲԼҵֶүЩĵ˵
үӦһûٴүӳƬ̣㽫ǻٴθԭһǡ죬ٴλָԭλ
˵ͷűȥԳһʱ䶼֪ôʰˡ
ɱҲɱĻЩһص˿϶ģ˵ġ
ԥʱ򣬾ţкӣһصʥʹˣͲˣصĺþȫóдһЩͣϷҪСӶһ
õģүү׼Ʋˡ˴
Ǿ͹лүˡӦһصĳӦҲ
һܿɢȥ
ʱǻٴδ򿪣̽Դ˵λôʰɣһ취УЩһصѾϷ֧ˣһʱ֮ҪСӻϣϷǿţҪһЩ
õģǾ취Ҹү
ţǻٴιرգһʱҲЩò⡣
ȽŪѰɣ˵˵
ү˵ͷһƣԳתѣ۾һôˣҪѡ
һлɢȥΪ׼ʱվԳ̱ȥЩ˼ĳ߿
㡭ǾʲôˣԳֵ
ҽղŴҸүģ㻹ʲôҪʵôҵ
ɱħԳɫ䡣
֪ͺãԹԵǣҪȻÿ΢Ц˵
㵨ӲСĳطǻĲͷˡԳŭҵ
ϵ£ֻҪȥĵطûвҵģϻ˵شǵ⣬ҪȻŪ㣡ٴ˵
ҾͲţŪңԼң滹Һܶһصֵܣ㶯һԣԳб۾ңһĲм
ѾģΪû취ǰɣչĻƢˣеĻ𾫳׼Ŀѡ
ţȣ־Ūң˭ҲųȥԳ֮û˿ηɫǸоǲˡ
Ҳݣչ۾ʱ¶ɱžҪ֣ܼġ
ȥһסĸ첲˵Сף侲㣬ɱ
չЩ˺ʱߵǰ˵ԳԼҵˣΪҪһصΪŰѹˣûаֺôȰԹԵĸǺһж
ԳٺٵЦ˵Ҳ֪˭ǵһصڽ֮ǧ꣬ǲսʤģǼʥΪУֱǳΣԳܶ࣬һΪұʥ̣ǸǲܵģҪɱɱңϻˡ
СӾǸ첻ߣɿڡ
˶һǶˡ
˵һֵɽɱҲɱҲ
ʱһͻȻǰ˺һŵҾһصܹ֮һصܶЩڣصĸһصһηӦǱһص˶ʲôֽţ֮ǰү˵ǰ㣬Ǳ˹ƣҸоҲе񣬲ҽǧƸųСӵûб¹ƣ
Ҳûбİ취ֻҽҵ԰ɣһصܶһ񾭲һһԲϾԱһصأҲп϶⡣
һ˵ͷһؿڣǧƱһϷ˳Գ˹ȥ
ԳһǧƳʱɫͲҰޱȣ㡭Ҫʲôס֡ס֣
ǧĻֱԳһȦǲûгԳȥܿ۷һߣתȦڸһʲô


2606 Ĺ
һǧƽһͻȻֳһ˿Ц⣬˵һ㣬ԳϹǱ˹ƣ˹֮⣬һƣǸҲ˵ҲʶһŭǱԱǸҲһʮֺĹƣܹƿرʶƶʹɥʧԭƣʩ߲ǲһʮָĹƶ֮ˣĹƣڽ֮Ѿ˰ɡ
ǧܹĹ𣿡к
ǧǹֻ֮Ҫǹƶ֮ûⲻģǧµĹƣҲֻǧԼܽ⡣һЩ˵
ǻʲôϽԳĹƸˣָǣҪһصĹƻˡҲһԵ
һ˵ͷٴδߴǧƳԳ˹ȥ
һΣԳǾĪдŲҪҪ޷ֹǧƳȥ
գǧԳ֮УȥԳʱֱ۾һֱͦͦĳź浹ȥ
СզˣҵɣЩĵʵ
ģĹƱȽѽ⣬ǧҲҪһӦúܿܽ⿪
һĻһ˵꣬ǧƱԳ֮з˳һ֮УԳֱӾͻ˹ȥ
ֹƬ̣Գ΢΢ζȻ۾Ȼ󿴵ΧߵǣһȻӵ˭
ҲʲôȻʶˡ
תͷһ˵û¶Ĺƽ⿪֮󣬻ʧȥһСεļ䣬һͺˡ
ǵôǰʵ
Գҡҡͷһ¶ʾ֪
²군ô׳һʲôǲˣҲûʲôô
ģֻʱе£ܿͻģ֮ǰҲǣĹֻǿЧһصʶ˸ġһƺǿ˵ɻٴ˵
ֹƬ̣һʵ֪˭𣿡
ԳԳЩʹ˵Դ۵ģ
Գ֮⣬ʲôݣһʡ
һصʹҡҼǵҽõѲĳǵĳ֮ˡҡôİԳĹһۣãȻ
ңҴм֮Уղŷ㻹ǵôҵ
ҡҡͷԴʾ֪
λֵܣôˣͷͻȻǵȼˡ
һүӵԳæ̧ͷ濴ȥʱүү
СӱүүûӡФǹԹԵټһصΪŰүүҲȲ㣬ԼŰɡŭ
үү˵ʲôԳε
ʧȥһСμӦþԼ֮顣
ҲһЩߣԴǧƸ⿪Ĺ֮Сӵ֮ǰҲȫһˣ֮ǰȴʮ
Գ˵Ҳ֣ǵСôˣһƵġ
£Ҹү㽫ղǧưԳ⿪ĹƵү˵һ飬үŻȻ
ŶСûбһص֮ǰԻʮƵģǸú˵˵ܲ˵ͨ취ҰǼĶ˵ţٴι˻ء
ȫۼԳߣԳԳʵ˵˰ɣǴӴĳ֮ĵطģĿǽһصղһԸǹ׽ǵģֻûɹǱǸסˣһص֮һصΪ˿㣬һֹƽĹƣֻصĸһصһЩ캦顣ڣĹѾ⿪ˣʶǵĿƣԼ˼һ£ҪҪǽһص
˵ⷬʱԳüͷ΢΢Ҳ֪ʲô
ֻü˵ǵһĳǵģԭĺö˶˵ģǺһصˣɱüǧˣҽһ˴һص飬ÿ궼ҪʮʲĺӼһصһصͳ֮±ѹүүѾͬǣһͬԸһصˣǺҪ㣬ṩһصڲӦϣһٽһصܶ湥ƣ˾ˣҲܵһصѹѡǼһص߹أѡǺ


2607 Ȼ
˵ô࣬ԳͻȻٴαסԴʹģʹĴ£̾Ϣ˵ҡЩ꾿ʲôʮʱҾͱһص˴ˣʱҾ룬ΪʲôҪһصˣΪʲôأǵ˺붼ˣԭǾȻ˹ƣЩꡭҲ֪˶ٻ¡۸ˡǴ治
Գ˵Ǽ˶һۣţСӻָˡ
ѾԼжְɣ϶һصڲʮ˽⡣æ
Գ̧ͷһۣҡҡͷ˵ŶˣһصܶƣڼˣɱġԳ˵
Щ˿϶ǹǰվģֻҪȷǻķ֪ͨˣʱɵĸ־ۼȫŴĳǶ֣һһصܶ档ֵ
⻰˵Գ۾һܿȻȥҡҡͷֵСǲһصĶֵģܶѾ¯ʬˣӵʮΪ޵УûĶֻ֣ڻûгأˣҲĶ֣١
ô֪ҲҪСӢۣϣܹǺ͸©һЩһصܶڲǡ
ԳƬ̣һŵ¶Ǹүү𣿡
˵ˣүûղҲˣҲȰ㣬веģʹ컰ɡֵ
ô꣬һֱĹԻֱҲˣȻִҪһصҲֻӣ˵ɣҪʲôԳᶨ˵
ܹô˵˲ɵȫһ
˼Ƚϸ壬˼Ҳ࣬±ʵԳֵܣһصܶ治һС飬Ժ˵Ҫ˽һصܶһЩȻܾĶ
ʵģ֪Ȱ˵Գ
յڲʯͷ
϶ڣʱéɽʱԼһ긽ֽϣ֮˵յһֱʯͷˣǰʱ䣬һҲȥһˣ֮Ҳֻʣ°ˣǰոƵˣӦûָ߰˰ˡԳ
һ⣬һֱһصܶһڳ˶ʯͷô꣬󻤷أǺηʥֵ
ԳƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵󻤷˵ʮأʯͷ˵Ҳһصģô꣬һֱһ洦飬Ҳûм󻤷ûгֹ϶ҲʯͷǣҸоȰջҪһЩ
˱˴˶һۣԽԽɻˣ󻤷ǺηʥȻû¶档
һصûʲôδģ
òʱ䣬ܶƱȬҲܹ׵ĸǾӵж¯֮Ӥ峹ںϣҲָǰʮΪʱܶջὫһصܶȫȻϸطֶ˷ܹһֱھѣ÷Ŷ¹Ƶķʽþңɸȥ׽ûĹٷĸ߲㣻ʣµһָȥԸéɽɽЩŴɣʱջɢʱ˿ɵֻǰûȫָŪôġҲ֪ܶһȶ˾Ʋ˵ġԳֵ
˵˲ЩľյҰҲ̫ˣһʼΪҪڿ뽫ĶԼУȻҪӽ¸顣
оǰշ飬Ҳǹ˵ģéɽʱǶյķҸүλϲյķŪֱȥéɽɽɽĴŴɣǷֶΣûֵܹˡ
һǲҲôˣȰշӦǾûлˡ
ǡһصǳ˶ץ˴ĳǣǾҪʲô׽Щ˻𣿡һֱĬ׳վ˳ʵ
Գ̧ͷһ׳ɫͻȻһ䣬Щͳ˵Щ׽ĳѾĲˣǱ׽ƽʬģǸһʮĽʬϡ
׳ԳĻʱһΣһƨ˵ϣ⡭ô˵ҡҸĸҲǸɱˡ


2608 
Գ׳˵Ҳ֪㸸ĸ˭Ҳ֪ǵûǴĴ׽ĳˣ󲿷ֶǽʬϣŵĳѾˡ
جģ׳ʱл˵Ű裬ҶԲ֮Ļ
˺һ׳ͣЩݺݵ˵ΪʲôҪ׽ǳιʬĳϻаͻё壬߻壬ĳ֮ҲֻǳˣΪʲôҪרǳ˿
˵ţ׳һץסԳӣ˶
ԳҲûз׳ץţԴ⿪Ĺ֮󣬸֮ǰˣֹ°ޱȵɫһɨ⣬ȴһ˵κ͸йϡ
׳Ǳߵı飬һｫԳڵˤ±һο׳ֵܣ𼤶ǳֲԳֵץģĸĸҲУղԳֵܲ˵ôһֳ˻ţ˵㸸ĸЩҴˣһлϣġܸܲǳ˱ȫָԳֵˣɱЩʧȥĳҲܻ
ҵĻ׳ƺһԳ˵ϡ
ڵϵԳ˵˵֮ץ˵ϣΪ˵ṹӽࡣȥ׽˵ĳֱȽ鷳֮Բ壬Ϊкܶڣһ󶯸ɸ꣬һصܶ߿϶Ҳкܴ𣬶һص֮ܶлвˣԸ֡
ԳĽͣжһһصײϰ壬ҪΪɵЩӦþˡ
׳ıȽϴ󣬶Գ֮󣬾ҵһĨȥˡ
νǴĳǣǾǳ˺ĸĸȴõһϢܲҲ
ʣµʱ䲻ˣƸԳһЩһص˺ܿͻ۷һʲôҪʵľ͸ϽʣҪ콫Գȥ˵
Գ磬һصܶóιǸʬʲô·𣿡ȵ
׳˵ͷ˵˵ܶںöǰ׽һСʬʵⶫȷе˵Ӧòǽʬǽʬһֽɡײгԣÿ춼ҪȴѪȵѪԽ࣬ĵоԽߣСŪ֪ܶжɥ֮£ұѪ˶ɵȼܸߵĽʬЩʬһص֮ܶеһ򽩿֮Уʱӡסˣܶϲ˵ЩʬűдãأҲԽ͵棬ΪһÿԸһصȡʱ䣬תƹٷע
˵һըԵϢԭһصҲ׼ġ
ǸСʬɡͻȻһǺöǰˣҺС߸ڤ֮ظո͵˰۷غҶȵ·ϣһÿȥվֽǮŮˣǸŮףʵһ߽ʬĸǸСʬŽɡ
صϳ֮ҾͽүүүүʮأټƬĸɳֵӸΧˣɽϾӸ˳Ϊ˽⺵ĸɸһ
Ǻһص˲֪ʲôطõϢȸҲһص˳ǸطߴĲɿϾҲûнǺĸȫֻǽǺĸˣСȸϸˡ
ɱ֮󣬴ӴѶΪҲСû룬ɾȻ˴ĳ֮С
һ뵽飬ұЩһصǲ˶һ֡
ҸճûõʱǾѾڴСɵˣӵж¯֮ӤһһΪӪһжǵļƻ֮С
Сɵճֵʱ򣬱زݵĴ֮ȻߣϾӶûܽɸʰס
ºˣСڴĳһصЩУÿ춼ôѪȥιɣôȥˣСҪײеʲôز
һ뵽ұ㲻˵ɫҲ
ǸСʬǲǰȸ͹ģԳ
ô֪Գ˵Щķʵ
ҵȻ֪Ǻĸɻҵһģص˴ĸɵʱȸͻȻ˳֣ɣԭ͵һصܶ棬˵֮ôҲûСɵϢΪʲô˸ء
ԣȸģѾǺܶǰˣڵѾȵʱǿ̫࡭ԳһСɣεĿ־塣


2609 򽩿
ɵ飬Ҹһ˵ٶЩ˽⣬ǲֻ֪Ҫߣһᵽ⡰ɡ֣᲻Ĵһս
һ仰˵ĺãһǧ
˼˵ֻҪ⺵ɳֵĵطȻѪɺӣЩɺˣʳѪܹǧ֮ڵĵȫȾ졣
Ȼ˵̫࣬ȴ˵ɵĿֲ֮
ҾƣһصΪʲôҪðôķգȥǺĸողõɣһôˡ
ڲ׹ɣܹɱˡ
ʯͷǵʲôλ֪ô̲סʵ
֪Ҵûȥһǵطר˿أѽ룻̫ײУһ˲Ųȥֵط˵ǰͳ˹ȥֵܣ㱻һɱˣѪ˽ʬǿѹûԸȥǸطġԳ˵
λأʵ
򽩿ԱߵһɽɽʲôģҾͲ֪ˣʱ㿿ǸɽܹӴɽķֲĲҺ֮һļƤҾǼȻҪһصҪɲУܹ򽩿һ٣ҪȻǳ鷳ǽЩɵĸȫټЩ򽩿ߵĽʬɱģ򽩿Ľʬ֮ߣЩҧ˱ɽʬֱ֮һص¸ƹǵĵиӸࡣԳµ˵
СŸ硭˵ϴθ̧ӵľëǲǾҧ֮γɵĽʬֱƹģչͻȻ顣
ҿԳǲԳһ£ȻͷпܣҼ򽩿ܳëʬҲë̫࡭
ԽԽˣֻһձѾͷ۵Ҫˣð˳һ򽩿ߣеˡ
˱˴˶һۣԲ˵ġ
֮гĬ˺һҸүͻȻʯͷڲҲϽĲˣ޴ѰǰһǰգҪԵĵˣѪɣ򽩿Щʬֻн⣬ǲȡʤİգȰ˵ɻöԸһЩǵȻûб¶һصܶѾ֪ǵλѾ¶ˣȻӽԣҪʤֻƴһˣ飬ǿԸԳһ£ǱһصܶڲȽɺ򽩿ĽʬȻ취Ըգһû
үһٴұȸ
˵ʹ㿪ˣʲôļƻûУ
ղһ£ǿôһԳһصܶ棬֮Լһص㣬Գ˳Χǣװսܣһص˻׽ȥֻҪǴһصڲ취ɣٻٵ򽩿ߣһԳ֮ǾϵéɽǱߣ취֮ټɵĶ֣ٸĳǣһصܶ淢ܹүɫ
ǡʱǲִ̫һЩҲ˵éɽǱ֮ܲھۼɵĸ֣ܹټҴææĸĳǵʱҲΪЩǵ˵
·Ѿǰ̽ˣۼԨԱкܶ洬ǿõģΪ˴󲿷ֶһص˴˴ĳǣЩ洬ʹãʱټéɽɽĳǵľ뻹ܽһЩʱ䣬ǶһЩϵĳӦòѡҸү
ұ˴˿һۣһҧðȻϹѾˣǾôˣֻƴһѣвеģϹͷҲû뿪
ΪֿԳʵǱʲôûУ
ԳǵУܰǴȥǴȥ֮󣬾ᷢʲôҾͲ֪ˣǼ°ɣһصһСආҲࡣ
ðɣǾͰƻ£֣֮ﶯֱȽϺʣ˿Գ
ʮһ֣֮һɽ֮ҴȥѲǣǳָǵ˸һܣװսܣҽѺʯͷǣȽ棬ٸɲں򽩿ʲôطԳ
ðɣʱȣһȥ׼ɡΪ˵
һ˰죬һЩСϸڣʱͷϵǸٴη졣


2610 
Ų֮ܿٴνԴ̽˽Щ˵ǵ鴦ûУղ˵һصЩϾҪˣҪСȥִǺܿ͹ˡ
˿һԳԳ˵ͷ˵İɣʱ䣬ܶĳȫˣֻҪҲˣÿ춼Ҫ̺ʽĳǵټ֮Լĵص㼯ϡ
ү˵ͷԳļɫСӣܲܳɣͿˡ
λģ¹ˣҲ˵ȱһᾡԼŬȥһصΪվаʤġԳɫ
˵գԳ˳ȥȥ֮ԳүүҸǶˡ
Щ㶣֪ʲô飬˵ͷȻ󽫻ظ¹رˡ
عر֮үһ˵СһźҲû֮ǰǰ
жЩңͬʱҲЩĪļҲûȥ˵ʲôˡ
ֻţ֮ҪжˣչЩ죬ԼЩܲˣԭĳֻǴ̽һصģûȴʱˣҪȴһصܶ˾һս
ֹһĴűƿЩ˽Գк߲ߣѰЩ֮˵ơ
ԳӦһЩһص뿪ˡ
뿪֮Щĵĸ˵ܸоЩ̫̤ʵǾãԳ᲻ϣȻȥֱ֮ӽǸˣȲ죬һصۼֹԸΧˣǶ֮УҲ̫ȫҪҪط
˼Ƚϸ壬ܻǶ뼸
һȴЦ˵һͲõˣԳʵĲ֮ǰǱĹԻڵĹѾǧƸˣָ˱ģӦòǡ
һ£ֵҶҲûзղųǧƸĹ֮⣬֮һֹƣֹܹԳǧ֮һ΢ϵԳ˵ʲôʲô飬ǧ߶ӦһҪǣǧƱ߶ƶ˲Գжһжҵƿ֮С
СӹİһжĳЦ˵
û취ǣ̫ˣ¹˵غˣаһ
ԾЩĵ˵һһصܶ˸ԳĹƣڸ⿪ˣһص¹Ƶ˻᲻оĹѾˣ
һҡҡͷ˵һ£ʦµĹƱ˽⿪֮󣬹ʦǱ߶ЩӦһβһǧǹ֮֮ܽУԷӦҲӦһʮİա
һ⺢˵ûϾǧƲǷƷĹʦֻ࣬ܽķڶͺˡү
ǽǲҪéɽǱϵ֪ͨǾĳǣҵ
ţéɽǱϵɣǶԽԽãʱҲˡү
£Ҵ˴߶һ½ǴˣлЩĽţҲ֪⴫׹ܲãϾⲻͬһռ֮ڡ
ȼ֮ұ̵Ľߵéɽƽ̿ٵ˵һ飬ǱҲ˻Ӧƽ˵֪ˡ
˵û䣬ˣҽһŹȥǵԨˮԨֱĳǣǵԨ֮ǵø˵һ
ƽǱ߻Ӧһ˵ᾡ飬ټɵĸֳźˮԨķȥ
ȼմʱ˾һԿţɫޱȵء
ȥéɽƽ̹ͨһ£ﲢûظĸоЩ̫̤ʵ
ľҪһصܶˣҾǻû׼á
Ҳ˵ɺ򽩿߾һֲǰҲ޷ġ
Ҹүĸ֣ټéɽĵɡɽĵɳˣɽ䵱ɽȵȸɼƷϣʱ˿̵İտ⣬֪мʤ㡣
ص󻤷ʼնû¶棬˵δ֪Ŀ־塭кܶûȫҪʼһصܹ
֮ҿ˳һҸүϹΧһصܶ棬мʤ㣿
Ҹү̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵ϡʤϰ


2611 ץ
ڽһصܶ飬˶Щ磬ϻɲһԣܴܲӮһصܶ棬󱻻۾ʦˣ۾ʦ˵Ҫıִ£϶Ϊ˼ŪûԪ
ߣ֪֪һģ֪Ӯи֪ǻ䣬޵ʲô֪ĺΪɡ
۾ʦ˵Ļʮе˼˵ǰ㣬Щ֪粻֪ĺá
飬ĵȴһÿ춼ڵϣ۾һڵģ
ͨǧԳϵĹƣӦԷж˵Ļһ죬һ˵ԳһжֵĺûҪǵ˼
ڵʱؿڴŵĴͻȻ˸Ӧó֮ǴȼǱߴéɽƽЩͳ˵Ѿۼ˽ɵĸǧˣѾԨҲҵЩ˵Ĵֻ׼ԽˮԨĳǡ
õЩ洬ĴֻҪϺܶ࣬Ϊ˵ͨ˵˵ƽ˴˼ǧֹ֪Ҫ϶ٴֻ
ֻҪԨٶȿһЩ֮϶ܹĳǵġ
һ£ƻС
֮ҹ˴Ǳ壬֮ǰԳԼõǸص㡣
ǸطľۼؼʮһƬӣطܣȷһʺϲڡ
Ƭֻ֮˺óһʱҵԳ˵Ǹεɽ⴦ɽȷʮΣɽӲݣڶˣǻ˺ôĹҵûж룬ֱɽ֮С
Ȼһ㽫ǧƸ˳ȥǴ̽Ϣ
ǸԳԼˣԳһص˹ƬѰǵ䡣
ȻǸԳ˼һܣװսܣȻǻ׽شĳ֮У취ȥɺ򽩿ߡ
ƻĺܺãֻǲ֪һ鷢ˣ᲻ᰴеǰߡ
ҪһصһսˣлĪЩܻܲͿһˡ
ǧƳȥ˴Ĺ⾰ûлһڵһֱû˵
Щ겻Ĵ糿ȵӵĹ⾰Ǳһֱûʲô
ɣԳвһܹһصЩ˴ƬӣϾһصֻ֮ܶһСආһĴڣûʲôȨ
ɽ֮нƲֵһСʱ֮һֱڵϵһ۾ЩĿ˵ˡ
˶ˣ̲סʵ
һٶ˵ӣǧƿԳϴһصҪǿࡣһ
һ￪ʼ׼ɣһɱʮˣװУһҪĲɫҪöԷͺáҸү˵
˾ͿʼæƤߴϣװһ
˸ո׼꣬ɽʹ˽ŲԽԽ
ֹһһϤһưһɽ϶ܹˣǽȥƣ
Գģ潫һصܶ˴
һȫ˳ⷨԼģǱ߸ҵͨķǸһصܶ˽ӴҲֹһˣԷױܹͨЩжϳǵݡ
Щһܶ˳ɽŶڿ˹ȥ
вʱܿһҸүһɱ
˱ɽͻһ㣬ͳ˳ȥһ֮䣬㽫Է߰˸˿ڵأȻһɱɽ֮ķȥ
ǳɽ֮һƬˣа֮ڣлмˣżӦò͡
ֻλϵˣ䱸ͨ
ɽˣһ˶ˣץģ֪һ˺ģڳɽӿٵ˳ȥ
һ·壬ý˵İΧȦ֮С
˶ݹģͶСȥ֮󣬱ԻΪǣִһֵ̿ģ
֮ˣţԹԵķеķѾΧˣֻֿһʬε³һϵĹͷǴ
ҳǹͷȥվߵԳǹͷ˵ȷ棬Ҿ˵ط϶ܲˣСʱ֪һɽû뵽ǻ
ԳСӲ˴󹦣һԼġǹͷЦ


2612 ־
ллȷ棬ҲӢ쵼ȷжϣҪȻҲҲطԳͣƨ
ȷһʮõģٺһЦ˵ԳСǰ;׽ô֮ˣȻǴһ˺ܶ϶ǳ˵ģô죬ڽǸҵˣҾ˵ĳܶǵ˸ˣǾǲϳҲɲĳǣ
˿̣ǱŰΧǱһص˻ųźŵ˳߾ۼֻҪǷ֣ǲܵˡ
Ȼһжǵļƻ֮УǵĿľǱǸ׽
⶯ֵԽԽá
ƾʮˣҲҵĳﵷң֪ĶѾܲˣԳ߻һеĴ󵶣˵
˵⻰ʱԳ߲ɫʹһɫ˼Ѿõļƻʼˡ
ҴһȺһصˣΪʲô³ģҪ־ܣŶûУ
ðȻӾͳȫǣȫ׽ˣܶĥǣǵӲ̷ܶӲԳŭ˵ţһк˷Щһصܶ˶ʱ߷ӵ
˱˴˿һۣ̱ɢЩһصܶƴɱ
һڴĳǼʮһصܶ˵ʱҲʮӲ㽫ʮ˾նɱ
һǲһͱǻ׽˻ȥƴɱһǱزٵġ
սܿͿʼˡ
Էʮ֮ϣղһصЩַųһźŵһǻԴԴϵı߸
һɱ֮䣬һٴνԷնɱʮԶսȷʱŭ󣬽һҪЩ֮ͽȫ£ܶ潻ܶضͣ
һ䣬ЩЩɢҵĳ߳ɱĹͷʹʱ׷ɢʼмƻʮһ˵ĵͬʱ׼ǣһһĴ˷Χ
ʵʲôʲôֶΣֻҪǽʵʩչһŹͷʹòʮӣܹȫնɱ
ܴɱ䣬һɱԷʮˣҪ¶࣬ǻ׽С
¾¶Էղס֣ɱУɾ鷳ˡ
Էĵһɣɱʱ˺üǼǰȫ֣װеģˣڼҲϽԷ֮еնɱ˺Щ
Ǽǰװеģʮֱ棬Щĺʱղס֣ԷɵһЩ
ЩǰֶΣҲЩ̾Ϊֹ
㣬ǸЩͷʹƴʮ֮󣬶Է½½ʮˣ֮ȫǺ˵ʬ塣
ȷ濴㾰󣬶ʱϷߵԳЩ˵Щ֮˾ȻǿǴӳһ֣źŷȥôˣôû˹Ԯǣȥ߾Ҫסˡ
ȷżֵܿ϶źţطЩƧǼҪҲҪһЩʱ䡣Գο
˵⻰ʱԳ㳯߿˹߼üŪۣʾǼþգĲˡ
Щ˶˵Щ̫ˣǶ֪ʲôطʼװͶ
ֵܼӳûͷվҲŻ֣һʱ֮仹Щܲˡ
ڸЩһصĹͷƴɱʱͻȻ䣬ٴδһѸĽŲбһһص˳߿ٵĸ˹
ƴɱ֮࣬۽ǵ⿴ȥһһص˸ƴɱЩЩͬ
Щ˳ǹͷƤ֮⣬ȥһЩƶҪʮϣϻһɫĶ񣬿첽ĳ߶
ЩɫΪȥͱЩͷʹ࣬ԼʮЩ֮⣬߻ֲĴڣéɽʱҲǸյķ̧ӵļƷʬë
һʹëȫ
ЩɫһԳϲ˵ȷ桭־ˣëЩ˿϶ܲˡ
Գ֮ʵҪĿǸͨ籨ţ˼˵Щ־ʮǿǼþյʱˡ
̫ˡͳ̫ʱˣȺ֮ʮǿһĹɱǼʮֵܣٲǾͶסˡȷ첽Щӭ˹ȥ


2613 ȫ׽
ͷһɫ˿ȥʮңӥǣʮϬ˹֮󣬲ûһͳǹһ֣ʮ־ɢҴë𣬶סǵ·
ȷ棬ʲôӥʮֳȵʵȷղʵǸͳ졣
Դ˴ĳ֮˲һصܶˣһʼǺϸѲߵĳϳȷ棬Ȼֳһͳ졣
һصܶļƺǶ̫˽⣬ȷ湧̬֮ϣͳļһص֮ӦñȷҪ࣬Щ־Ҳǹͳָӡ
ǴЩ־·̬ɢϢΪȷͦǿġ
Űͳȷæشͳ죬Ѱǰҵĳ֮ˣƬֵɽ֮зǵټЩˣǰɱˣŷź֪ͨλֵǰ
ͳ˵ͷɱǿһۣ˵˾ȻܹҵĳȻ֮˶ȥɣ߽Ǿǡǰͳ

ţȷһ֣ʣҲǺܶĹͷʹ׷׳
ǰͳʮ־ٴνǸΧ
еɱһλᣡͳǰһվƿٵ˵
ȥүͶûţֵķչһѴ󿳵ŭ
ãӲһӲˣҪȫ׽ˣܶ波һ̷ʱҪǹڵĵ龰
ǰͳЦһֵɱ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǽʮ־㳯˹ЩҪ֮ǰЩͷʹǿ̫֮࣬ǰҲûмЩ־
Щ־һصܶЩͷʹ֮ӦǾӢеľӢ
Էʮˣĸ˶һлëվһԣ׼ʱս
һʱǳصѹ
뼴ȫԸЩ־϶ҲҪһ۵ġ
ʱװսܵʱ
ƴʱҳŲԶİչǿ΢΢ͷʾԿʼˡ
ǿǱ߿ʼȸһͷã־һˣôֱ˳ȥѴ󿳵Ĳϡ
ʵǿֵܼ˵УΪֻ˵ǵ׵ģϱһսʮ־ˣĸ־ԸһЩмܲԾûжֱֿӽƵ˵ϣЩ־˸סˡ
ǿһ£Ҳܿνĵֿһ־С˵ϣȻһʵʵ
ǿһԸ˵־ȫӿ˹
ϻҲһ˴ڵء
űǰչһ͸˵ˣķӣһ־ס˺׵ľͷŷڵء
ҵ߰˸־һɫľŻͭ󵶣趯죬ұǱƵˣҲʩչȫٶֿһҪˣԣһ˵Ľų̽ʱҹǰһײĽϣ˳ȥȻҲü־סˡ
ұ׽֮󣬲ԶȷЦ˵ܶ澫ӢеľӢ־ûѶٹ򣬱㽫Щ˸½Ʒˡ
ЩСȫ׽֮ʣµĸǰڼֿ
ĸǰ׾ͷһնɱ˶Է߰˸־
ǳǰͳЩˣͻȻųëԸǣ
һ䣬ëٵĳĸǰɱ˹ȥٶȺܿ죬ڱǽǰʱëͻȻſ죬ͬʱ˻֮
֮ǰ˾飬ëĺ֮һ˻濹סȻƣȴʱԴ߶סˣëĺ֮ȴҲЩͷĿѣ
ҿЩһص˳ס˶֮⣬ϵȥ
˺ëϱ㿪ʼ˳ëһǸһ㣬λǰϴ˹ȥ
Ҳûпëϱûдλǰϣһ̵˵ϣվһԵЩ־ʱһϣλǰҲ˵ϣóǲ˴ӡ
ºˣȫ׽ˣĿѾﵽ
ʵʱǻǺðյģһԳǣ˿̱סǺѣǺѣҸүҾͲ֪ˡ
Ʒ֮Щ־Ƕһյϣõס˲ӡ


2614 ʯͷ
ȫס֮־ϴͳ죬㻺ߵǵǰ棬һĽŲͣ˰չߣʵǾʲôˣģ
չһֱתͷȥûҪ˼
ðͦӲǾɱ㣬˴ȥʣ˵ţǰͳеĴ󵶣ǵϵͭ죬ڴһ㣬ƱҪŰչϿȥ
һΣ˶ҲҪɣչ汻СӸɱˣǿ϶̡
˾δʱԳͻȻȷ汼˹
ˣԳͻȻŵ
ʲôͳеĳͣ˰֮УתͷԳ
ͳ졭Щ˶Ǵӳģǻûиǵĵϸ˵ɱɱȴصĳ֮һʣɱʵϧԳ
ʲôֹͳ£ǰͳ۾Գ
ǡͳ죬ܹ֮ҵЩˣԳСӴǹģ׹ʱصܶ滹Ҫͷ͵ģ·һСһͣɱҲ١ȷЦ
ͳһԭǻڵ͡ǺðɣͳһӣǴܶѺŰɣһʡ
˵ţǰͳеĳܿó˶һ˨һ˵βϣĳʯͷǵķȥ
ѺǵʱԳҵһ࣬СӻƨһţôĿߣɱô֣Ȼȥ֮ͰǵƤ
Ҫɱ㣡ҹŭĳԳһԳһѣƵڵأôģôţһҲôź㣡
˵ţԳץסҵӣѹĺܵ͵˵¡
ֳԳ䣬óһӣس£Ǽʯͷǵķȥ
׽ǣһ·ϱЩ־Ѻţܿ߳ƬӣһСʱǻǴסǸƹȥġ
ǾǸӵʱ򣬷峤Ų·ϣڵһ㡣
ʱҲŷ֣治٣վߵǼˣһΪܲһҲѷɫҸղżǸͳ졣
·ʱ΢΢ͷʾҲ׼ˣ͵ǵǸһһʯͷǱֳ߱ж
ܹõ֧֣ټéɽƽ̴ĸɵĸ֣ʱһصܹɹϣ϶еġ
ǰҪʯͷӣ⻼β޷˲źá
ŰջʽأҲǶֵʱ
ǽӸ֮󣬼Ǳչزİտ϶ҲҪֵġ
ԸܳһЩǽǸС֮ٳ
壬ǰ˺ܳһξ룬һ·ϣҲЩסڴĳǵࡣ
üɣһİ壬ǵԴԴڵϣôһ磬һصЩ˵Ŀⶼǳηġ
ͬʱҲ˻ёЩˣĸ˲࣬ͷȴϺܶ࣬󻹳ųβͣзоսӦͦǿġ
һǸһصܶ˴֪ͻёһʲô̬ȣǰػǰһصԹۡ
ֻϧûʱͻˣûչЩΪá
ȺڵʱǲŵһصϳҲǸʯͷǡ
ʯͷǺܴܴȫúɫľʯɣǽԼɣ滹¥ӣ˰ء
滹һߴţȻҲ޴ʯͷɵģֻװãʮ˺ܽƿ
ŵλҲرأҷųŵҲɫ۵Ĺͷ
һ˱ţֱӱǴųųȥھſڵʱǰͳͣƬ̣ųŵһ۵Ĺͷ˼䡣
ͳ죬ϲ⼸֮ڴĳô죬ܶɳô˶ûҵǵټҵˣһ֪ˣȻͣ˵ᴫһзţʱɱֵǰǸ۵ͳ˵
ͳˣЩĳǵΪȷʵͦߣֻ־ˣղ׽ǵʱҲ˲֡ͳæţֵȽѺΣȻȥһǻͷ˵ţͳһ֣˼ǰ


2615 
ܹһ׽סͳΪˡ
Ҳѹ֣ĳǶһˣɱһصܶôˣһصĻ̻̣ĳǶˣȫԱĳǹεƤƵǶûҵͳһҵˣһȫ׽˵Ǵһ
ʵҪǲҵһֱ֮УٹʮҲҵǡ
ֻҪߣҲȫɱһѪ·Щһص˹Ҳס
ͳЦеĴǱ˿سƵͳ죬Ѻһ˳ʯͷȥ
Щ־ߺǹˣƵģϻƤޣը죬ߴǶһЩ΢ЩٶۣƤޱϡ
ˣҲҪҧţȴ룬үģܵģò˶ãǱٱǧķǣһ
ڱѺ·;֮У˵۾һֱûţͣĳĵĿȥʯͷ֮ڵĲȫУ
ҵ󣬽ѹĺܵ͵˵Сšʯͷǲ򵥣кǿķãҪСˡ
ȻᣬȴҲߵһ־ˣһӱĺϣһȥһѪۣƤƺһһ¡
ˣзݣͷ־һۣСүһҪʬΡ
־ҵʱˣһӾͺݺݵĳҵϣŭʲôŲʹ㣡
û˵ϻۣɵɱ˵ĻСٱɱһٱ顣
ҵֲ̫ɱأϾɱ̫࣬ϵɷҲأ־֮жʱһĨ־֮ɫ˰벽
ܿ췴ӦҪֻǲ˶֣Գ֪ʲôطһűҵϣߵһ
ôģҵ־ĴүǻĲͷˣһ͵Σôĵʱ򣡡
ԳǸ־ǰ棬ߴ
־ҪǰңȴԳסˣæȰλ磬Ƚ͵ɣһʱ䣬ͳҪˡ
ãȵ˵Σʰ㣬ôӵţȻҵҡ־һ
ҺܿҲָǣղŵȷЩ̫嶯ˣô꣬ûгԹ
뻹ˣΪһʱĳ嶯˴£ֱӵͷȥȥ־
˳ţǰߣžͿһƬµķӣֲܣЩҲǷʱĽЩǳ
һ·ţ·в˳ЩΧָָۣ㡣
˵ǻĲͷˣĳǶҴԴһصܶᵽĳһûһ˸ҵĳҰЩǲ֪
˭˵أЩ˵ĵ治СЩҲǹģڴĳɱ¼ʮˣ˵ɱѲӲˣĳǵˣ߰ҵǵټˣӦһһĸˡ
¹ʲôֻ֣Ҫͱ뿪ǲȥǣǵԼˡЩҲôǵ־һ棬㽫Ǹ㶨ˣǲһ
Ϸŵĺһ·ΧۣҷЩΧ۵˵вûŮ˺ͺӣȫһˮĹͷʮ꣬߰ʮ꣬һ֮жǺ֮ɫɱ
ЩϵĴҲȫһҼͨһصĽڱЩƤ׵Ĺͷ
ּ۵־
Ȼ˿̲ŷ֣ʯͷ֮ڲ־ЩƤ׵ļһдźӡӡӡȻϣС
Ѳﻹ־־ɣ
ǰմŲͬɫ·жϼΪǳô
Щ鶼Գûģʱʱִ̫٣Ҳûüʡ
ڵʯͷ֮еһǺ֣ûŮ˺ͺӣ˵ûмˣֻǰѵɱ˻͹ߣ޷һ߾ߵʬˡ
˵һ飬ΪЩ˱ĸǿ¹ƺ͸ֽƣֱǵʱƴɱ㲻ʲô֮ǣҲη
ʯͷǺܴʯͷĽֵţֻܿһųɱͷŭǵĳһ
ȻҲûʲôСģ·ʮָɾǶһĪѹ


2616 β״
һΪսĳǣеÿһ˶ɱ˻ûκεۡ
Ÿɫһصܶĸ֣аЩԾЩ˵ΪĺǿЩͺܴ󣬴ŰɫĹͷʥʹȻ˵ľҲҴܴѹҾüڵңôֵΪ֮ҪЩɫϼһƴʮ֮ڶһܹӮǡ
Щ˵Ϊоࡣ
ԽߣоԽûе治֪һǸòһˣЩ˶һܹӳʯͷǡ
֮֮ҲϵİοԼʱֻܼˡ
ǰߵʱ򣬻ûǻͷҸүǣǼǰֵʮֵǻ۾ʦԶһɫ
ܺҸү֮пһ˿֮ɫȻҲû뵽һص֮ܶоȻôǿʵ
ʱҪ飬϶Ҫһˡ
һƬסլǰһƬӣߵǱ㿴ʲôˣѺǵЩ־
ƬӣǰͻȻ˼һĴɽһɽڸһڣڴʮɫڰأͳ˹һ˿첽ӭһֵͳ죬࡭ˡǻ׽Щ֮˵飬Ѿ֪
ͳˣΪʥ£ĸаиЩ֮ٹأĳҲǺòײ׽סǣ㽻ͳˣһúһǴӺδĳʲôĿģû֮ͬģĳҪȥͲڴ˾ˡͳЦе˵
ͳıǣǣ֤ǲһʱʲôȫˡͳظ֤
˵գǿͳһ֣Щ۵ʮ˱ǰǴ־н˹ı㳯Ǹڶȥ
ʱǰͳһ־ǰǼɽķȥҲ֪ǲסǸط
ԳҲЩ־һͬǸȥˣߵʱ򣬻ͷһۣʲôû˵ҲûκζȻʧǰ֮С
Ҳ֪ȴǵʲôлĪĻ̿֡
ʱԳǣֻ·һˡ
ǰһߵ̨ףЩ۵ļһǰߡ
ȷе˵ߣ֮ǰ˵ǵΣ⻹һΡ
һʼ·һƬǰһξ֮󣬱һţԱվ߰˸ɫĹͷʥʹͳЩ²ͬʱ񣬳ƺһͳ죬Ȼ㽫ǺصŸˡ
һԲıƽ֮Уһһİ취
ؼǻ֪ɺ򽩿ʲôطһɱȥָȥѰҡ
ֻܼϣԳܹǽӦȥ
ηܣȥѣԳҲ֪ûа취ܹ쵽ط
ǰһǽÿһξһﲻ֪ȼյʲô֬յĺ죬ռյĻл㱣һɭ֮С
ǰߣԼо˲ҽܷ졣
˴ߴǰߣвʱǱ㿴˲ҽԴԭһёˣӷֱסֽţ˰֮УԱŰӵĹͷʹƤޣҧϳţǻё˱ƤҽѪһƬǸһһֵͣ˼ûУ
ǰĲҽνǴ˷˸ղǸё֮⣬ÿһ֮ж˱档
ЩĳеİˣЩ࣬Ҳ֪ˣǴ׽ùġ
ߵһʮ˲ĸоֲп̷УղҿЩͷʹһһ˵ָͷָѣֱӳһ̯࣬Ҫжң˺üʹĻ˹ȥֱˮѣȻĥǡ
η֮еĲҽǼ˶Щ־ˣЩ̷Լϣ붼飬һȥ϶ҲҪˡ
ǰϰףÿηûпţһˣʮˣĥĲˡ
ǿҪߵεľͷʱͻȻһ죬ʱҵע
תͷȥʱ𾪵һĻ
Ǹ̤ϴĳ֮һȣ˿һη֮Уӹ̶˵ϣӶãѪһƬһŰӵĹͷ׳һպ˹ȥ


2617 һҪ
һ죬һŰðζϢƮɢ˹
ȷһЪ˹ĲҽУ۵Ļڷ
ߵҵģ˶סˣɵˡ
꣡ôӣ
һжΪǶҪΪǣȾԲ³
ŵȱ˳⣬еŭʱȼͬʱг޾
ȱһ⣬۵ķһĲҽУҺɱҰɡһʹġˡ
ôףʵǾԣһֱֻʣ¹ǼΪֹ㻹ôӲ
Ĳ֪ҲʶǡǷҰɡȿధ
㲻ʶǣΪʲôŵ˶ɱˣȴö˶˵Ļţʵ㣬ƾһ㣬ͻɣǹͷ׳˵ţ㳯ٴȥ
һڱڣΪ˶ˣȻţҪ̷ĥ˵ֶμֱδţԱ˵⣬ҪñĿš
Ǵûнȵ˰ɡ
ͬһʱ̣˶ɵ㶵վ˭Ҳǰһ
ôĿߣƤٴγϳ˹ۣ˶ʧȥʹֻĿתĿȡ
ߵĶתͷ϶ǸɺԵѪ˫֮ĶǾǵ廨֮𾪣ȻǾɫ͸Ũ
㡭ôҲôҲȲ˼ĿǣǾ䡣
һʼȿ϶Ϊܹǻֵõģܹȳȥôһ˿룬Ǵʱ˿̣еĻ붼ˣΪҲһصܶ˸طһĴڡ
ߣ
Ƿ㶵ʱǰĸүͳ˵һͷĵ˹ȥ
ջѹķŭֻҲǰȥ
ǰʱһعͷȥһȣ˵ҪúûţһҪǣ
˵仰ұתͷǰȥ
ɰֹҲ֪ûȥҸղ˵Ļ
һųޱȵģ˱Щɫ۵˴һ֮УӦǸⷸ׼İɣʮֿ
ȥ֮ҳܿһۣ֮еǽԿһЩŹֵķģһȥӿʼĲô
ӦΪİɣҪȻҲˡ
εǽ֮Ϲźܶӣڶһǰϰ̾ߣ䵶ǯǸִССĵ߱мʮ֣з
ȻԽˣҪһصܶľľԽ
һصһаޱȵĴڣôϡ
Щ֮⣬ﻹŰӵĹͷ׳
Ǳ֮ͷ׳ǿͳһ
ͳ쿴ˣ˵ЩǰЩӳģòײ׽סǾͽˣܴʳʲôʲǾ͵ųԿͷɡ
ͳıǣ͵֮еģûвڵģֵôմˡһ׳
Ƕɡͳ˵ͷָЩ۵Ĺͷ
ܿ죬Ǳ㱻ţһȫչǽϣֽŷֱסֳһͣǽһſ
úźǣʳһ㱨СһЩΪǿ˷ˡͳ˵ţɨһۣתЩ۵ļһﳯ˳ȥ
ͳģһźǵġŰӵ׳ֱӽͳ˳ȥһĵģ
ǹţ۷˻
һϵЦݶʱʧˣǸһļһﰤɨһۣϵļⶶ£ЦλȻǾͱҴˣ˵˵ɣǴĳǾҪʲôʵٳԵͷ


2618 
ȫյǽϣ˫һף˫ֱסˣϵҲûб⿪ԼãЩ˶ʮӣҲܼɵǡ
һļһĻ˶ûᣬĿһۡ
˾ڵȴȴһᣬȴԳĵֻˣǲл뿪Ҳֻǣǲܹҵɺ򽩿ߡ
Ǽһ˶ʱ߳ŭðһӲͷүһصܶ˶ʮ꣬ͻûмκһӲͷһֶΣҿ˵ǲ˵
϶Ǵı߿ʼǵүʵ
϶Ǹݵĺӣʮ£Щ̵ĺٺһЦ˵ǾͰϹأſڿʼɡ
ãǾȵáү˵ߵǽߣǽó̾ߡ
һһѳԼʮ׵СһһľʵСӣǴӵǶһ
ү̾ߵſڴ
ſڴһŵþǻУҲǵùߵģһ
ϻ⣬ʱŵǡλ磬ΪʲôְϸƤ⣬㲲ģܹܵסҶСӿ׳ǸӲкô
ϻˣ˾ңʱ˻ûʹ
ط治ϲӲ̷ʵдͲܿˡүһõûľһ߿ϻ
𡭡Ҿһģʲô֪ǴҲ֪ϻ
үʲôȶ̣Եͷ˵˵ţ϶ߵϻߣһѽ¸¶һ˶ļ
ү̾ߣϻ˹ȥɷнµ˵λѣүǽһ£õ̽ãһпˣƳĶС⵶֮߹Ƥ⣬ȻСľû¶߹ǣνĵãү׸ֵܵ߹Ǹλһ֪λʲô
Ҳ⵶ү⡰á̷Щ񺮣ؿڵƤ¶Ѫ߹ǣȻСľȥãĸ̷̬ôûԣǻ
ϻһ⵶үĽܣ϶ŵˣֻƤߣıĿȴƭ˵ġ
硭۱ЦС濹סлú˵𶯵ǹġʱˣϻƶ
ǵүҲϻֱӾ˵ӣ㳯ϻؿ˹ȥ
УʲôУǧɱ֣ûǵүĵϻϣϻ̲סˡ
үͣ˰֮УٺһЦ˵Сʶ࣬˵˵ɣǴģʲôˣ
ʵҲǹطģǴĳϰ˰֮Ķʷ֮ɽͽ֮ŵ˺ˮԨһ͵һںˮԨĿĵƮ˺ü죬ĳǡ
ϻӵıĲУҲˡ
һϻ˵˴˶һۣһ¶
ʷ֮ɽôû˵ûУүתͷ϶
϶æҡͷû˵Сǵİɣʲôʷ֮ɽ
ûУҾûƭǣû˵ûУʵ峯ĩʱ򣬰ᵽĳǵģһ˶̫ƽ񣬵걻ǸűƵͶ·طǶǵЩᵽ̫ƽĺ˰סǸط֪ðһȺ˵βų˴תƵطŵĻǹȥ飬û˵ٻϻһޱȵģ
潫ˣҲ֪ϻ˵Ǽ١
£϶ʵСӣƭҲúñɣ֪ĳǽ䱸ɭϻҪӲѲĳɱİɣ϶ĳ֮һصǻҪӲûģү¸ϻźǡ
ϻԷҲɵӣǵүɭɭһЦе䵶㳯ϻϴ˹ȥ
˿ҲǼˣﲻ֡
үҿţҽơ
ǵүĵϻϣͻȻһϤ˹вһϲԳСһˡ
ǵү϶סΣͷŵſڿȥ
ԳСôˣүʵ
֮ǰӦͦϤģ϶ûж룬ֱӹȥ㽫Ÿˡ


2619 ·
Ŵ֮ԳŹǽϵɨһۣٺЦ缸æأôʳʲôûУ
ûʼأҪ̣СӾ͹ˣʲôûУүʵ
λ磬Щ˻ҴͳҵģΧǵʱЩɱõֵܣҹûģֶ̣ϵֵܱ𣡡Գ˵
СʱЩ̫ˣǸӦ㿴˭ɱֵܣǽ̾ߣôôֻҪŪͳɡүٺЦ
õģлүǿʼɡ˵ţԳߵ̾߼ϣ˳óһذ׾˹
ү϶ŻǱ˹ȥ
Ƕ˵ʵͱֵүĺˣ˵ţү˵ӣҪŻеؿڻȥ˵ʱʱ죬ԳѾϢߵǵүһ࣬еذһ±ݺݲ˵үĲϡ
Ѫ͵һ¾˳
һԵ϶֪ô¶һתͷԳһֱֻ㳯϶ĺ˹ȥ
ԳݣÿһжǱҪǵȥġ
϶߶ûһ˵˵ϣѪĵүعͷ˼ĿԳһѪӿԡԳ㡭
·ġԳ˵ţһץס˵үϵذףԱһǵүԴǵүͨأɥ
Բ𣬸λҸղûܳ鿪һλܾˡԳ֮󣬱첽˹ǽ⿪ϵ
ûԳϵ⿪ҸүǱ߱㴫ˡ죬һͷȥʱ򣬷ָүͻ۾ʦѾϵˡٶȺܿ죬ҶûôŪġ
ֶҲ̾ΪֹԭֶԸߵķ𲻵ʲô̫á
Ҹү˽֮󣬺ܿ㳯˹ǼСĽϵĽҲˡ
ӵĹ⾰ȫվ֮С
ԳҸү˹ȥЩԾ˵λǰһصƵķô򿪵ģҲ̫ˣ
СѣҳݣʲôҸүæ
ͳѾ֪ͨһھʲôҲ֪ڵļ𣬻ûʸȥһǰʱһȥ˸ˣòײӻܶ棬һֱڱչУָƣóʱûмˣҲһܳǡԳ
֪ɺ򽩿İɣҸүֵ
֪βԶƹǰɽǣɺ򽩿߲඼һطԳ
ãһǹȥ𣿡æ
ӣ¶ѾˣںѾˣԳԸλһͬ𣬽һصϧԳǵ
лˣû㣬Ҳôɾܹʯͷǡҵ
ҲΪǣҲΪ壬Щͱ˵ˣǸϽжղҽʱ򣬷ſڴкܶ־ڰأδ㣿ȫɱôԳʵ
˶ĬЩص־вʰȫɱˣαû˰أӳεܿͻᱻ˷֣ʱһص˹ҪѲǵټǸûʱԸɺ򽩿ߡ
Ƭ̣һͻȻСŸ磬а취ǰҪЩȫ֮УǽƷ֮ǧƸ¹ƣԸһĹƣʱɥʧǣɿվһ
򵥣ҿкЩ־˵ȻǿǡԳ
ãôҸүȻ
ȵȣ֮ϰټ̷ÿ̷֮ж֣Щ˵ΪΣҪȥҪЩ̵ĹָŷЩ֮Ҳй¶ǵټ˵
Щ̵ֻʷˣΪһ㣬ҪȻղҲôɾͽ˸ɱˡε̫ˣ˶ŷʱϸҿ϶ᱩ¶ǵټԳ
齻ҰɣȻΪߣǧƾܹӦ˵ţһһؿڣǧƶʱ˳ŵ֮ǵү϶ʬ˹ȥ
һһ֮䣬ǧƴǵʬٴηʱʬͻȻٵĹŧЩŧܿѿŧ֮ŤޱȷθԳ龰ֵĵɴ۾ͣ
ֹƬ̣ЩڲʬѪ֮󣬳˳ڵ֮з


2620 ĥ˺ô
һӲĹ򣬵ү϶ʬȫĳӣ֮У裬εΪ׳ۡ
Գ龰ʱŵĿɿڴ⡭ʲô
ЩƳǧƵӹƣֻҪЩӹҧˣЩ˶ᱻĹƣʶ㱣֪ԣֻЩӹƳ֣ŸηȥǷ˻֣ʱĹƸסһ΢Ц˵
ãϽЩӹƷųȥɡϲ
һ˵ͷ˼Щڵеӹƶʱͨεķ϶ХȥããһƬȶʱܷһ죬ʵֲ
ĿЩӹ뿪Գڳڸղŵľ֮Уͷһ۵ϣԭĵү϶ʬ壬ھʣһЩѪ֮⣬һжʧӰ٣˴ûϳֹһ㡣
⡭ǺÿֲֶΡԳ
бأǧƿǹ֮кٺЦ
ôһƬӹƷɳȥȵη֮У϶ҲٲˣʡԼ鷳ˡ
ЩӹƸոշɳȥ֮ͻȻתһԵ׳˵ɣһǳȥҪһصƴԷ̫࣬ǸӦ㣬ö
ҡΪʲôҪһҹҪǸְ˿飿׳˺ʵһҲɵ
ȥ֮ĸң氲ȫˣ³֮󣬾ͻ㡣ֵ
׳Ը˵Ҫһߣֻǻû˵꣬Ʈߣһֱϣ׳ӻ˻Σĵ˵ϣ˹ȥ
Ҳܹ⣬׳̫ߴˣǸվһһ붼˵ˣһվһ۾ܿ
߽׳ŵֹ֮Ƭ̣һͻȻˣЩӦȫӹƸԻסˡ
˵˵ͷηţ滺ȥ
һҸطΣȥŵЩ־ȻǴӱ͵ϮһҪ죬ҪŪ̫ĶЩ־ȻλֶȾͲ̫ˡԳ
˵˵ͷʾԳȥЩȥˡ
ŵεǰȥǰû˼㿴η֮е龰Щԭڸ̵ļһһȫɵ㶵ĿͣһǽϵЩҲͬܵĹƵĿƣɢûһ˿ɡ
ÿһη֮жɶ趯ʮܼ
һĻвⰵǧСȻܹͷųǿ
ǰߣеη֮ǰǰһģһЩӹϢı㽫η֮еȫסˡ
ߵѺȵǼηʱ򣬽Ųıͣ
͸ţҳ濴һۣȵǧٿף˺ۣȵλñʮ⣬ЩѪĵطֱպˣΪ˲ΪѪ
˶ôпĥҵĻҹҲͷˡ
ȵһ࣬Ÿղ̵Űӵ׳ͬĿͣһ˵лһѵӣǵϻһոո⣬İ졣
ͬģҲܵĹƵĹƶ㶵ı̶ڵϣ϶ţǴӽܹһСʱĹ⾰
붼û룬һŽ߿˽ȥ
СţҪʲôһСʵ
Ҫȱ𣡡ҵ
˵ţұߵ˵ߣһҲ˽ȴʱĲ״޲ŭ쳣
һĹƽ⿪һͷ
һû˵ǧƶʱ˹ȥѵˮһͣƬֱ̣һܿ˹
֮󣬽žͿվſڴǣʱһ׷״ϱ
ʱ򣬰չǿͬʱ֣еĽǵؿڡ
㡭ôӳġôܣһӵ
ĥ˺ôҳɭɭһЦ
ҵЦݣһĺһӲˣֻǳ˵ڶѡ
Ƕ㣬ϵʱԽöԼ֪ʲôʱԳͣſڣС˵֪ˣǺܿ죬ӡչͷ
˵һץסһ˵ĲӣһѪ۵ľϣͬʱ˫̯еĽ˳һһĽָͷ
ǺӷЪ˹ĲҽУ鶼ˣǽһҡ


2621 Խ
طһ̷еڲңҲκ˵ע⣬һǺӵʮָͷȫնˣǺӳԲסֱۣ˹ȥ
չһҲ޵ҧгݣùһѵӣһϴʮܿҪҲǹݵġ
ʱҲûʰһ֮ҺͰչǿٵĽǵúʬϣ˯һ㡣
ʱһȽ⿪Ĺƣȵ۾ָܿͿǣʱ
һŲҡҡҾ֪ǲסġҪȻЩͰˡ
ֵܣܿˣѾ㱨ˣĥѾɱǻܴ뿪ΪǻиҪȥҳ
ȵ˵ͷ˵ùңԼͺãӣҲ޷뿪ˡ
˵ʱҲû˵˵ˣԼҲ֪ܻܲ뿪
СӣģʱֳˣһҪҵ㣬ˣ˵Ե֣ʵһصܶ棬Ϊ˽аĴڸײģҲ֪ܲܳɹܹʹ뿪ܣҲΪˡɫ
Ǹ˵ʱѾߵȵߣóѪҩ˿ϣ˼򵥵Ĵ
ǸмĿһۣ˵ͷ˵ԴҾûд뿪Ѿɱ˺öɱ֮󻹱Ǹˣǵĵһ˿ϣǣһܹŻġ
˵˵ͷҪ˵ЩʲôԳſٴδߴٵ߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
˱ûٶ˵һ֣뿪
һֱĿ뿪ʡ
Ҳ֪ʲôģҲоܲζ
˿첽ǳصŵķȥŲӯèܿŵĺ档
⣬Һͻֱ֮Уֱ𽫷˳һſڳɱļơ
һһЩǧµӹ̡ĳ߷˹ֱߵĵ֮С
ȫغ֮ԳͻȻ첽˼ˡˡ
֮һԳḻ́ţ߶
߰˸۵־ֻҺͻУֱŷɱԳŲͣ汼ȥΪ滹ʮ־ŵεڣһɫͳ棬Ҫһ˴
ҺϻҲ߰˸־ȥǶ֣һָη֮еӹƷ˳ǵأӣǧķɶ곯߰˸־ȥ
òǶ֣߰˸־㱻û˷ɶȺУûЩɶɢͳִʮ־˽һôɶʱҲɵˡ
ʱ򣬲֮Щ˳ʮ־ȥ
⧲֮䣬ʱ߰˸־¡
ͳһͷתҪӣһԵԳͻȻһƳſͳȥǿͳһӺ֣˲оΣźһˣ㿪Գһơ
ͽģͳŭ
Գػ۾ʦһƱ㳯ſͳңң˹Ҳ֪ǲԼۻˣ۾ʦĳһƵʱһӰٵ󣬽ǿͳȫ֣ǿͳ۾һӵɵԲŲȥǾ֮ɫ
ܿ죬һƱ˿ͳϣͳ׻ӱɶصײǽϣȻ󻺻ǴѪ
Ҳͳô˵Ҳ־ͷͷ۾ʦһо͸ˣתĸɮ
ͳ첢ûȥֻˣڵ֮϶ʱ͹˵ҪԱķʽͬھҿ첽ǰһлɢϣǿͳ̾йƤһ
㡭Ǿ˭ͳҧ˵
㲻֪˵ţһϵǬ˱ңСȺܿƮ˳ɵҵСŸ硭Ҫʲô
㸽˵ϣǳȥҵ
Сȵ˵ͷһ±ײ˿ͳ֮Уǿͳ챻۾ʦˣлɢһ֮ûУ׵ı㱻Сռ壬ƽʱСǺѸһϵġ


2622 Ҫ
ʰͳʱѾʣµǼ־ŷڵأȻЩӹƷӵĹơ
һϽЩ־·Ҫ뿪ˡԳѵ
ЩĹƵ־Ѿɥʧ˷֮㶵վ
ҲЩ־ֱȥϴƤ׺ɫԼϣʣµЩûбѵ·־һǧվڵεĳڣվڷڡ
˹ԶԶĿЩվſڵ־Ϊƽ£ʲôûзˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
Щ־·֮ϻֳһ⣬˵һ
Щǹ·־֮ǰѺǵǸ֮УͬʱϵƤϣһ϶Щ£ΪߵĲǡ
ͬʱϻһЩĴ趯ӹ֮ǰѺǵη֮Уһ˿ЩӹƱһϣ˲Ѵ֮һ
ϻӶ࣬˶ͷͬ⣬ȻٵжǵƤ߽ЩӹԻ־ϣǼλүϵƤ߲δϾһˣƤߣ׾ͱ˸ʶˡ
˿ȥأЩ־ȫ׵һЩӹƲ˵е̾߼棬ԼεĽ䣬ֻҪ̤Ǹ䣬ЩӹƱһϡ
Щ飬æҴҵĳŵȥ
ͬʱǽЩӹƿƵʮ־˳ڵĵطվڷڡ
ȸ˿ͳϣǰǴ·ԳǳӹƲķȥ
һ·֮ϣ˶ڱĿͳԳ󣬿첽С
вʱͿǰ˼ʮ۵Ĺͷʹӭ
ЩӦǸڴĳѲߵģطĽ䱸治һɭϡ
Щӭ˲ⶼЩţԳͷһۣʾǲҪ˷磬һñá
ܿ죬ǱЩ۵ӭߵһһ١
Щ˵߳һ˵ͳ죬㲻úŵΣҪȥİ
Źܾǰһ֮ˣͳ쿽һʳһЩ֮£ҪȥһǰȥԳ
㻰ôֵõ˵Źܾһ
ŹܾЩ֮˳ԲסйˣЩǰȥһͨȸĿͳһֵ
йˣЩʲô·гʲô飿Źܾʵ
ˡ񣬴ʱܣ¹ֻܶͨһһˣŹܾ¡Сȿ
Źܾһżëʲô飿ȥɡŹܾ˻֣Щͷ˵
ڿͳϵȲҵ飬ԳҲƵĴǲɲڶȥ
ƹŹܾ֮˲ⶼһ亹ҿûнעǵϣһʶǣһܹƾҪеļƻҪǰ
ǿ첽Уһ·߳Զ
ȵһƬ֮ұߵԳߣСʵԳ磬һص֮ܶУɫӵ˶УЩΪʲôĶһʲô˵ûУ
Գͷһۣ˵һصܹ֮ܶаɫ糤ֱۣΪȻϣڰǰɫģɫĵȼΪߵģɫ۵Ĵ֮ԴƣЩɫ۵Ҳһ۵ʹרŸʣɫ۵רŸץ۵˲࣬ҪǸػܶάִֵġļֻͣƤҲû磬˭ҪͿйˣһֱǼͣΪٸҲˡ
ԳĻҶʱ˹һ˵һصܶȷǿѹˣκεʵȨֻӵǲСආ
ǰһξ룬ԳͻȻͣ˽Ų̧ͷ˿ҹɫ˵ˡ
һ㶣ʲôˡ
ԳÿʱɶҪ־ҪһȥɵǸɽЩ˵ѪܿͻᱻɣԵƬ̣취סЩ۾
ΪʲôҪôһ
Ϊ԰εǸɽ־أ٣ҪȥЩ鷳ֻܸЩ־һܽȥЩ˺ܿˡԳ
˵˵ͷҲΣ·ߵţԼĪһյĹ򣬾˽Ųߴ˹лƤ޵졣


2623 ٴ
ˣЩ־߿첽
ͣΣЩ־ķȥԼжʮ־Ѻʮ
Щųһţ˩ţԴһ޿ģ
Щ־վǵңеƤޣϳȥ
߲˵Щ־һߴĳ˳߶һ˵Ĺ֮С
ʱЩ־ߵǵߣžͣ
һ־ֱűȸĿͳ˹ͳ죬ô˵Ѳһ֮ˣѺ⵽ǱˣͳʳʲôûУ
СҪˣλֵࡣԳһ˵
־ȻûнԳֻƲһۣĿ˱Ŀͳϡ
ʱվСȵһ£ֶ֮ͨͨΣСһô
ǵ˶һҸǴ仰Ŀͳ
ǻ־һ£ͳҪ˵ʲô飿
Ƚ˽й˵ôķϻѵһܼٴɣСȸĿͳŭ˵
ۣҪȻ־һȼԷҲ
һ֣˵
ɣͳлҪ˵ղһ֣ЩѺⳤ˵Ļ־ʱ߻۶ȫվһ
ͳʲô͸Ͻ˵ɣаﵽʱ䲻Ѫͻᷢ񣬵ʱҲƲסղ˵
СȸĿͳ˵ͷȻ˵һѺЩ˵
Щ˷׷̧ͷȫſͳ쿴ȥ۾š
ʱѾ׼һлɢ͵ľͳǰЩ־˹ȥ
Щ˴ûзӦ㱻лɢͷһ
Էû׹ôһ¶±кüһȥ
ҸүǶʱΧʣЩ־ȫڵأһǧƷɳٵÿһ־ᶣҧһڣ㱻Ĺơ
սĺܿ죬ûзѶЩ־ȫˡ
ҪҸүǼǰΪ̫ˣǼһΧȥЩ־ûκм֮һоܹǸƷ
ұó޹ǣЩ־лɢĶˣĹƿƵĻ־ȫǸסˡ
ЩվĻ־ɵȫһ
һЩ˵ʱ¶ҲͬĹƣͬСɣǲа
ˣǿԸЩ־һͬǸɵɽλ׺쳣ôöԸģһҪ׼ʵڶԸɣǾȥ򽩿߸ˡҴûмһصܶǸСη壬Դӱܶÿ춼ҪѪ̫ˡԳǿ־˵
·ǣߵ￴˵Ҹү
ԳӦһһЩ־㳯Ųɵɽķȥ
ǰ˴Լ·ű㿴һɽڴл˸ڴվʮˣԶԶһЩһۣһվһ
ۣҪ־һȼΪҲҪһΡ
־ػɣԼһصɵӳ̶ȡ
һЩˣ˱㾯ЩţıԷʶơ
ҪѰʱЩ˹ιʳɵĶǻ־ȻǹˣЩ̫ý͡
ʱһС˵λһùƳЩ˷񣬿ҽ˵ЩΪͦߵģÿƣԲЩ־һ͡
Ҳֻ취ˡ
һ˼ЩԭĿ͵ĳ˶ʱȫϵζ˻֮Ļ졣
㣬Щ˼ǰȥ
ʱ˱ߵɽڡ
һʮ־ʱǰס˵ȥ·˵һȡ
˶ס˽ŲȿƵĿͳǰһ˵ʹǷһ֮ǰ˹ģЩǽ糿ŴԨ׽ϵΪǳѿƣһҵ־һͬ͡
־ͷ۾Щ˿ȥʱһĵʩչһСֶΣһվǰĳ˿һ㳯־˹ȥ
־һǳ˵С֮ϣһִ


2624 ɶ
ⳤһ֣־ͷҲûٶʵ˼ֱӻ˻֣ͷ˵Ͻǽȥɡ
ССѾͷƬѧĻͦ죬ûкֱһֵϽǴȥˣ˵ʹ
æͷЩĹƿƵķĳ˱㳯ɽȥ
Ҳ֪һοЩ˵ģ£죬һҪҧ˵ģЩʹҲòϼ±ҧƵġ
ɽ֮ȸҵĸо䣬һŨʬ
ûǰϼҷǬ˱еķʬ߱˸һæһסʬߡ
һЩ־ӦʬߵĴڣǿžͲˡ
ɽҲȼյĻ裬֪ŵʲô֬ȼյž죬˵ӳյĺ˸
ɽʮְֻܹ˵ĽŲԼ
ǰ˴Լһҵľ룬ͻȻ䣬ɽһ͵͵ƺʮֳƣҲ֪ô֮ʮֹ죬Ҵûһ졣
ԳֵܡɵĽϻ̲סʵ
Ҳ̫طҲǵһСĵǡԳЩŵ˵
Ǹ֮󣬽ִ˸ղһģĺֻһΣһִ࣬ʱû˵
Ҳ˵ΪʲôвԾıη֮ģѣҺòײѹסɿ־
ңתͷȥ˵ʱҲһ㣬Գͷϵ亹ˡ
ܹտУҴһصܶаȻǷƷ
ǰߵͬʱͻȻϹ˵һǸӤǰռ˻ǣΪˣǹӤǼΪײеһִڣ֪ǵӤأ
Ϸӣôĺĺⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˼ϹѰġΪû˵
ûѰĵ˼Ҿ֪һѡһһߵ
Ҹүδֻǵ˵֪ĸһӵҲǲ̫ڻǲȫʱ򣬸һҲǵˡ
Ҿ⼸λǰ̫ˣ˵Цһ£Ƿһ顣
˵䣬ǰһξ룬ǹŹֵĺԽԽ죬ոƽģʱᵽɤۡ
ԽǺ¾ԽǺ棬ɵ׳ʲôģ
СңɽͻȻĿ
ʱǰͻȻˣվɽ࣬һ
һʼһΪһصܶˣɵģ߽һȫǣ˾Ȼȫǽʬ
һߵЩʬм䣬ԭվĽʬͻȻ˹˻űҪŵæ˳ҪǰЩʬ֡
ұ𼤶ЩʬסˡԳͻȻѵ
ʱ˲ŷ֣Щʬ˫֮϶ųصӣи첲ô֣ЩʬһЩ죬˫Ҫץֻסǵ˫ȣֻܸɵ۹š
һصǶȤζʮ㣬ʬǸʲô˼Żô
Щʬ˲ǣ˱˷㿪Щʬǰȥ
вʱǰһĶѨǶѨ֮еƻͨȫ˻衣
Ǿ޴Ķ֮һ̨ŵ׶ߣ̨ʮ׳ӣӶϴӺܴ֣ҵĴһ㣬ߵѾɽľͷˡ
Ǹո̤ɽǬ˱еķʬ߱˺ܴĸӦǬ˱бأҸҪʬóҸүͻȻһץסҵ֣ҡҡͷ˵ȲҪʬó⼤ŭɡ
үĻһ䣬Ǹ̨֮ϽһƺôԴͷؽᣬëĺҪࡣ
һͣʮصӱͬʱζĿ֮£һȻͻȻŅ֮̀վ
ҿǰⶫʱҼֱԼ۾
һ̥
һ˵Դͷȴǣţһ㣬۾ǴɫģֻСڵ˸ĺâ
ȫһۼףƨɺ滹һβͣ߸ߵ
վתߣ˶ɵˣ⡭ѵǴ˵еɣҼǵõһμʱȫӰ


2625 
ɿֲģһЩܲˡ
ҼǵüǰɵʱһСͨӤֻ࣬ǳЩֲ겻˲֪ѪȻģ
ʵĸͷҲܴ󣬱˴һȦǿֲϢȴǹ˲
ڿɵһ˲䣬˶סˣվĿ֪һʲôˡ
ȻҲע⵽ߣɫأת£һͷһ촽ſʱҷȫݣºüţһģȫϸССݣ˾޶˿ֲ
һƵĵͺ˵ĶĤ죬վŵЩûʲôΪıѪ˵ϡ
˵ǣǼСҲЩסȻûȴһĻңż
ĿתĶɣҲڶߣŵ˵ζĹӶͣĻڵϣʯ̨֮϶ʱð󸯳Ũ̡
ⶫĶˡ
ĹҲżǿʬġ
ɵʱɺԤ׵ͻȻ֣Ȼĸͷ󣬵βͺܹܳȻһ˦㳯߳
Сģ֪ĸһɤӣ˺ܿ췴Ӧ˹˿ȥ
ɵβһ˦ɱˣǾסһվĻ־Ǳ˹ȥ
βƶٶ̫ˣ߸ոɵβ;;סһ־ಡһͱߣȻſ죬һҧסǻ־Ĳӡ
⽩ʬ϶еģݵĶпգܹѪ֮⣬ܽʬͷųȥ
ǱסĻ־ҧס֮ӵʱ䶼һ߸ʬŵһ˦ǳβͣ̽˹
Щ־ǱһĹƵģ㶵վᷴǱӹȥһҧ߶ûһ
ʵЩɸһЩ֮һȶǶ֣Ϊ֮࣬飬˵Ѫڽʬ˵Ϊ̲ġ
Ȼʮֽӽ࣬Ҹ˳ĺ񣬵վ㲻࣬ǵѪЩϸƤ̲
ɿ϶һЩ֡
ֲ֮ǰԳ˵ɹͳǸ£вѺͳ˹ʹɸɱˡ
һ治ͬ졣
ٴζǷϮʱҸүͻȻ֣
үδ䣬ұǬ˱ң˵ķȫ˳˹ȥ
Ϊ˲¶˵ݣҵĽ겻֮⣬˵ķȫװǬ˱֮С
ҽ˵ʱ־ϯȥѪɣ˸ʬ˵ϡ
һЩ޹ĳҲɱһ˺һ߿ЩĹƿƵĳ˳Ŷڵķȥ
ݵĹҸүѾס˷ʼ׷׳ɱ˹ȥ
Ҹүʩչһл㾦ϴȥ
ɱʮ׳סãһɫĹôɵؿڣá䡱һ죬һȥ
͸үһл㾦ǰ漴һʯǿ϶Ҳܴһ
ȴźۼףɢĹһɫĹϣһۼû£Ҳǹ˵ġ
ͨĽʬǵǹ룬ͭƤǣǺɵһ֣Ӧ߼ĽʬˣĽʬôöԸġ
ҸүֵͬʱΪ˽Ҳȥ˼˼õնһȥüâݺᣬϵĺë
ǼâŵƤҲصɵϡ
ٴηһƺ𣬵Ǹ̨֮ϣҵķʹ쳣
ɵĸͷ󣬵ȴʮִЩ׳һκβɵģ϶˷Ľơ
͹ȥˣһҲ׽ɸȫŭˡ
ʼƴʮ˾ҵġ죬ıֱͷϿʼʯ
һɽʼ΢΢ζ½ſڴЩ־Ǿ鷳ˡ
˿񱩣ҪҲʲô׵顣
Ž꣬Ƭ̣ܿ뵽һ飬ҪԸʬ϶Ƿʬߺʹ


2626 𷨿
뵽æ˽꣬Ǭ˱нʬ߸˳
ʱķʬߣĩ˵СѾĲٺˣ죬оҪֶһ㣬⻹ûжȥɣʬֳ߱һǳɫ
һ˵ɵ׺֮
Һүү˵ʬĵȼرߵĻʬҲһܹá
ڣҲҰɵĻҲöܴﵽɵĳ̶ȣпǼĹ⾰
ǰǱոƳģÿ춼ô˵ѪιҰɿûô˻ѪԺȣһҪʱһЩֵ׷ɱ
أ쳣֮׺
ҽʬ߸ֱ֮Ӿͳɵķͳ˹ȥвеģȸһӣҾͲղõЧ취ʬɵĽʬʬɵϵʬҲס
ֻ׺ҪӽǶôѵ顣
ҳɳȥʱע⵽ңҲеķʬľ衣
ұһ֮ϵʯͷ׷׹
Ҿ͸оԼߺͻȻͭ࣬ȻˣһһݵʧȥǰȫǣӻЩᣬѪҪĸо
꣬ɵĺëҪǿˡ
ôһ٣ɲ֪ʲôֶΣĸ̨ͻȻʮ߽ʬ𣬳˹
ЩʬҧЩˣ˸̨ܱߣһصܶЩ˲ҿ̨̫ĵطǱһֱ
ɱ㽫Щʬȫ߶סҵȥ·
ҶһʱԾСЩɻѵĽʬ𶼺ܸߣ͵ӦǺɷȻй塢üһϼ׽ʬ
ҵĸԹԣ̫ײˣҧ֮ˣʬ֮Ȼôתɵȼ֮ߵĽʬ
ЩʬһͰչǶʱٵΧ£Խ˳㳯Щʬк
ЩСĶԸɻһ򣬾ֻȽЩʬɵ˵ˡ
λǰԸɡ
ӭһüʬüëִŨأһüǺܸߣ۾ܴצģǴ粽ĳұ˹һл㾦㳯üʬ˹ȥ
üʬһαһ̱ӵһࡣ
ʱϻߣеϽ𲧱㳯üʬ˹ȥ
һΣüʬûж㿪Ͻһţһƺߣ㵹˵ϣ첽üʬߣһŲüʬϣȻ̽ʬߣüʬ֮С
ǶԸüʬʱѾӭЩĽʬȥ
üʬʬأʬһʱ޷ڵʬȫɸɾ
̧ͷȥɨȥѾɽſڣʼǶڴ÷󣬿Ϥͷһ۱жϳǲõĸ
εɽ죬ͬʱҲ֯ɽ˹Ԯ
ܵߵĶſڴ־ǰ˲á
Ҵ߶Ƿʬߴ߶ĸǿ࣬һӵĹüʬϵʬڱɸɾ˷ʬߣȥʱ򣬱㿴λǰǰĸλֱӽɸΧֶ׷׳ϴȥɾǴСǿÿαŷڵأܹٴη
ҲͰˣ̫ܵĹԽԽ꣬ף죬ͷϵʯĹסҲҡҡ׹ϵķĲϵ˸ɢĺâ
۾ʦԴ󷢣Ͻ÷֮סϾҪѿˣҸү
۾ʦе飬˫ֺʮһӷֱ˵ϡ
ڵϵĻ۾ʦܿ۾һ㵭Ľɫ⣬пʼ˷𾭣һʼɽ֮лص۾ʦÿ³һڣܽܵĞų
Ѿӽɣڸܵ۾ʦķ֮֮ǰɫ֮оȻֳһ˿ãȻɫĳŻ۾ʦķȥ
ͬʱҸүΪԼͬʱٵĳɿѽֱ𶼳ɵҪ˹ȥ
ܵ˷֮Ӱ죬Ȼ㶼û㣬ӲѽҾͿҸүе꽣ۼףԼ̽ȥױ㲻ô


2627 Ϳһ
۾ʦ÷֮ӳ֣ɵ꣬Ҫְͨ취ƽϢɵı۾ʦз𾭵֮һӴķ֮ųȷһЧɵЩãȻһֱŻ۾ʦ
ɱ֮ʱƵһ˲䣬ҸүΪ˵ͬʱ֣ԼٶȿɣѽֱҪ˹ȥ
λǰҲǷ˺ݣƽԼȫʩչ˳ѽͬʱɵ֮Уѽ϶˸ɫĹâ
ҸүĽ˸ĹɫĹ⣬зת
Ϊ˽ϵĹâǺɫģʺѪ
еĽǰɫģĽ̵ɵ֮󣬻˼ʮӰֶȥ
ֻϧƤۼ׼Ӳĺ޼᲻ݣ˵ĽȻ˵ɣǽûдɵ̫ֻһ㽣ۼ׶ѡ
ˣҲʬ˿֮˳
еǰѽĽӰɵϸһҲûУֻǷһ죬ǽӰ㱻˳ȥ
һĻѾȵ˵ˣɵжֲλдãһ𣬶ûнɸſ¡
ӣҲƺֻܵһ˶ѡ
λ㶯ǳ׽ɸŭˡ
һ𶯵ʯҶ΢΢ζͷϲдССʯ
ţұ㿴ӣצӳҸүǺɨ˹ȥβҲһɨһը죬˴˹ȥ
λǰױ˵ͬʱ齣󵹷˳ȥ
ٶ̫ˣ˲תƵʮ׿⡣
ɵβϸޱȣһգ˵֮ϣǼӲʯʱһĹ֣֩һѺۡ
˵ϣ׵ľͱء
Ϲ̫ѲˣϽ취ʱ䲻ˣɣҪȥ򽩿ߣ˼
ȻҸүӦҲǵһûʲô̫õİ취Ը
彩Ӳޱȣʮֿ򣬶ٶȺܿ죬ɱ޴󣬺ϲûʲô
ҪҲô׵顣
ɻʮ׳סȫƣǺշһû߻һ֡
Ҳѹ֣ɲ׺ҲᱻտУôѪô꣬һ棬ɱҲ޵ˡ
۾ʦڵϣоĵԽԽĞųҲӵǿҡ
ķ֮Ӱ쵽֮⣬Ӱ쵽ɿƵʮĽʬǵжĳٻҲǰǿˡ
ǼСı㿪ʼʮ߽ʬҵĽ
ǸЩʬɷڵأǸ÷ʬ߹ȥʬЩʬʬĿУЩʬϵʬ
ĽʬǺɷǿĽʬϼ׽ʬЩɷǲ֮ǰɸոҧ־ô̵ʱͷʬˡ
һ뵽򽩿ﱻҧ֮ʬЩʬҾЩͷۡ
꣬ɶôѶԸôĽʬһδã÷ʬһİγʬƺü춼æꡣ
ЩѾܿǵˣǼλǰȻ˵Ҫ򽩿ߵĽʬ϶˴㡣
Щϼ׽ʬ͹彩ʬʱҸүѾɷ˺üһһҡ
ɱƷ˺üΣҲ˶ദ˿ڣʬ˿ڴð˳
ֻ㣬ԽԽ꣬Ϸ˻֮ҵĶѾˣѪҺڷڣԴκ쳣
Ǽ˶Ըһϼ׽ʬʱ򣬳ϵ㷢ˣȻһǿһ½סһӲĸˣڵϣһ
ãϽ취ɵһˣǾ͸ʰˣΪҲֵ̿
˺󣡡
Ҹүһż⣬˳˼ʮԶ
ҸүĻ֮Ҳ׷ȥ
ֵܼæŽǾϼ׽ʬɷҳճҸүķȥ˼һأе꽣߸߾
һƣҸүҪŴˡ
ŴҲɲɡ
үˣлĪЩвеģͿһˡ
үе꽣֮󣬱˸ҫ۵ɫâת֮䣬һ֮ɽ֮лص


2628 
죡
Ҹүһ
䣬꽣ϵɫâ˼£ӽ֮ϱ
ɽ֮У޷һɳ죬һɳʱҸү㽫ǽ׼ɡ
ܵ꽣ֱָӾͳײ˹ȥ
Ҳ׺Ҹү꽣еǿޱȵ꣬Ȼû˿η壬һ𣬳ײ
ͣеĶ۾һ˲˲Ŀ곯ײȥ
ĵһõˣ굽ܸܲɷأ
˲䣬ԽԽȻɶײһ
һɱײһţǹ̫ӴˣɽٴηһҵĻζ
ͬʱҿӶʮȻײ֮£һ¶ϵ
꽫ȫƣſ˴ڳɵԴҧ¡
һ˫צץס´죬һڵϷ
ⳡɲѰһӶġ
ɺһ𣬲ͣڵطʣµ߰˸׳ñֱоʱҪѿ
ȻʱɲҲֻܿţ岻֡
һﶷ̫ˣǴʯĸ̨мɡ
Ȼ䣬ѿɣһβͳɺɨ˹ȥ
ϵ󣬷һը죬صʯ̨֮ϡ
ʯ̨ҳһӣʯмɵĵǣЩҵϣҵۡ
һ֮󣬺ܿ컯һâŸүǱ߷˹ȥүһ̧֣ǵâ꽣С
·ɻ꽣ͬʱϻǺѾһϼ׽ʬң˵ϣкҹȥ÷ʬʰϼ׽ʬ
һ£æ첽ȥʬϼ׽ʬĿУϼ׽ʬƬ̣ʬ㱻ʬ˽ȥֹͣҿϼ׽ʬָ˵ģȻҲһͷӦ֮ǰѪģһɵˡ
ʰϼ׽ʬ֮ҿλǰѾΧǸ̨Χ˴˿һۣǵûûȫɵɡ
ǼСҲæ˹ȥһɵķɡ
ϻСܵ죬ƱҪϸ̨ȴ۾ʦһסģɹƻû͸Ĺȥưɡ
лͷ˻۾ʦһۣҲûҶԣĵȥ
۾ʦһ飬ʯͷ˹ȥ
̧ͷһ۶ϵӣղɵһҲֻʣɵϣأԻζš
ƺЩĻ۾ʦһ˹ȥҸүҲ꽣ȥĬĬվ˻۾ʦ
ЩĻţŸ̨֮Ͽȥɰϻʬɢ
ܿ죬۾ʦҸү㿿ɡ
۾ʦͷһƣȻ䣬ɵβ΢΢ζһ¡
ãûܣȷ쳣Ǵ
ҵû£Ҹүͻ۾ʦܿͷӦ˹ͬʱ˸̨ɵβ;ǵͷƤ˹ȥɨ֮ϣĻֱð
ҸүǸոɱѾ𣬳һͳ˹ȥ
ûô˷ӡȻ¸ֻ̨Ӹһأ㱻ӸһΣ򵹵ء
һֱվһ˺Ϊ˱Ϊ˷û͸ܵġ
ɴӸ̨֮ͳȥΪ˳ǰѽһɫķǽһ֮Ѫ
ǽ϶ʱһźɫȻȻһ࣬ϯȥ
Ż˲ɵϣȼˣһ޴Ļ
Ҳ֪Ϊõʲô𣬲Ǵ֮Ӧñȴ֮ҪҵĻ棬οΪ˻Լ֮ѪһڣߵѪķӳ֣ǿԿƽʬģΪԽߣЧԽҡ
һɵϣɶʱһҺĸΪҡ
ûһ죬ͬʱˡ
ǱҲûţ˼Ĭһ㽫еĽҲ˹ȥ
еǰѽһȥһŽӰ뿪ҪɵϵʱеĽӰϲһһѰããľ޽ײɵϡ
һǿУȻɵϣĻʱһϣһϵҲˣصײ˶֮ϣ˵ϡ


2629 򽩿
ǲһɣվλǰĶ֣֮£һǼгϴȥֱҲųһǺ֧֮ŲסˣݺݵĴ˳ȥײ˶֮ϣǶڶײһӡ
ɻڵϵʱѾأֹϻдʬй˳
֮⣬ղΪ˽ŻҲʮңɵϻǵĻ˸
Ӧ˰ɣгλǰһۣ̽ʵ
λǰأֻվ￴ɣ˭û˵
СšϽ˺ϴ辭ɣ÷ʬ̫˷ˣΪλүӲ˵ϻֿҵ
һҲǣɵĵ֮ߣҪλǰʰ˺ϴ辭ɵˣҵΪܹһĺ¶
뵽ұ㳯ſڵϵɻ˹ȥڲ̫ģﻹŷʬߣѾֻҪٸһӾĹȥ
ûߵɵߣҸүں溰Сšȿ
һͷһ۸үԣɶˣѵܷɣ
һͷһɲǣͻȻһɾ޴ΣУâڱϵĺë
үһΣһץסҵĸ첲һʮףһͷȥʱɵβͻȻ˦óҸվλ˹ҸղվĵطһĹ֣һը졣
ȥүģǴСǿˣܷ
ɳ˦β͵ͬʱΪ˺ٴγ˹ȥһΣλǰ˺ݣɫĺܹγˮȻǱɸ׼ŭˡ
һ٣ٶĴ׺֮ǿҲ̫ˡ
⼸λǰһվǽ֮쵱һţҪĽɫȻԸһɣ
϶ܹ
ۿżλǰҪɵߵʱͻȻתͷһ˫񶾵İɫȻһſ˴죬һ޺𣬰޺𣬴ɵĿ˴ɫʬ
ˣ
һɫĶŵæס˽Ųһתֳ߱
תĻ۾ʦҲɫޱ䣬ɫʬʲôˮһ㡣
ģϽ𲧣۾ʦתʱ򣬳Żдһ
ϻܿ췴Ӧ˹ϵϽ𲧸˳ͷһס
Ͻڷ𷨵Ĵ߶֮£ʱһŷϣϽ𲧱󣬲ͣת
һλǰˣﻹҵ飬æٵĳϻ£
ɫʬûߵʱȫϽ𲧵֮¡
һվûȴɫʬӶײ˷֮ϡ
ʬϣܵĴССġֶȾϽͻȻֹͣתоҪͷϵ
۾ʦ˫ֺʮһӡһָϽ𲧲ٴαע˷֮ת
ɫĶԽԽ࣬ƺƵǰһжʼģˡ
ʱͻȻԶҵײһǿһ
ҵضɽҡһ㣬ʯ׷׶ͷϹ
Գֵܻ̿ĿһۣһĴȣЩ˵ˡɽĸھ򽩿ߣҧˣᱻ͵򽩿ɸߵȼĽʬɿ϶뽫ɽײƣ򽩿Ľʬȫųʱǿ϶û취ųȥˡ
򽩿ﵽжٽʬҸүʵ
˵ô꣬ÿ춼ҪѪһʼÿ춼Ҫ˵Ѫʮ˶ģ򽩿ĽʬûһҲǧɣǽʬҪȫǿ϶סԳ϶˺
ʬңǳȥҲǸչ
ǸûУһͷһۡ
ϲˣ˿϶ߵĶҲֲ˶೤ʱ䣬Щ˽ʱ̫϶Щ־ľ裬¾ǽ鿴ﱻˣ϶ֳӡҲ
ײڵԽԽ죬ʯмɣƾɵͼӲ̶ȣɽײһǳ顣
ϹɵʬɲģմȾһᱻʴһ̯ŧѪΪȥһЩҲпʬ䣬ҶԸʬ֣ûʲô취ЩʬˣһϣĿҸү


2630 ʬ
үǺƺƵӹɫܿ˾ϣһڣϷȥ
үĻǶһ㶣ղ˵ĶΪҵʬմȾһпɥֱӷʬ䡣
ĶŨҵĶѾˣүʱȥ
үҪʲôҾŵ
һڣϷ취Щɸˣү
ģ򿪰ɣ۾ʦͻȻ
ЩµĻпһֿۣ˿۾ʦջһǷϸһڡ
ϸһ򿪣ҸүһֱȥǶ֮С
Ҹүȥ֮󣬻кֽܿǷϸرˡ
Ϊ˲ɫƮɢ˶ϻҲò
ү
ҸүһȥʱҽסѿڶеĵĲУҸүи̣Ψһûˡ
ȴҲ֪үνЩɾ
ҵٴο۾Ҹүȥķ򣬵ǵĲС
ģ˿οӣģҸүʶô֪꣬µķִ磬û߰˳ϵİգүǲġ
˵Ļпο˲١
Ѿڻصײڵ죬ǼӲޱȵۼײĶʯмɣЩ˷֮ϡ
Ƭ̣ͻȻһ飬֮ɫǵ˺ֹܶ࣬Ƭ̣ҽҸүӰվǲԶ˫ţɫϻ۶ȥ
һĻ˲˹ԭүǶõ˺ϴ辭Ҹүȥ֮ǰ㽫˺ϴ辭߶ˡ
Щɫӵϵʱ򣬶ʱת˺ϴ辭ɵˡ
취ãղһʱļôû뵽أ
һвܹɵЩɫĶܹһΪ
ү˺ϴ辭裬϶ࡣ
ѾָܹĶĶ
ֹƬ̣ΧɫĶ･ˣҸүվһ
˿㾰ϲѡ
תȥɵʱ˵Ϊҵײ֮£ɽѾײ˺ôһӳײ֮⣬ǷצȥץʯڣÿһצȥССʯ˵ϣǼֱȴɽ׻Ҫǿ
ۿɱҪڸ䴩ҸүɵЩɫҲˡ
˼꽣ٴͳɵķ˹ȥ
ɸܵգϵĶһ٣һתͷһƺ𣬳ҸүķٴһɫĶ
ֻһĶԱһε˺ܶ࣬ˣҸүҲòʱ˱ܣٴζ˺ϴ辭ȥɡ
Ҳǿ󵽲սʤҲ˺صˡ
׺Ĵڣ϶˼ά˼άǰԾҲǸСһ㣬֪ЩܹҪԲŻܲ
ҸүʣµĶȫɸɾǱͻȻˡ¡һ죬Ƕڱ俪ˣ¶һܴĶڳ
ԶԶģǱ㿴ɻͷһۣͳŸڵɽٵ˽ȥ
һʱͻˡ
ˡɾȻ俪ɽڱ򽩿ߣҪЩֹУԳĲ
򿪷ϣҲҪȥҸϻ
ϻһۣܿ׹ҲиҸүһ޶ֶΣǱĵĴһڡҿٵĴ߶˺ϴ辭汼˳ȥ
ɫĶѾܵˣڶ˺ϴ辭ֶ֮£Ҿûʲô̫ӰˣǵߵһǰҸһ
ղǸɷЩʬǵʬȫ˺ϴ辭ɵ֮һȫ˸ʬЩʬܵɫʬĸʴһȫһ̯̺ʮֶĵĶðɫݡ
ղǱЩɫʬʴڱЩʬòȥ
ߵ俪ĶڵʱҸүѾɵķ׷˹ȥ
ҽдʬȫɸɾ֮󣬽ŲҲûͣЪҲǸڡ
һɽںһƬȥ֮󣬲ûпҸүӰǰ˼ʮ֮󣬲ſ˸Ļĳ˹Ǽӿ˽ŲǸ첽˹ȥһͿ𾪵ĿɿڴһĻ


2631 ͱ˽ʬ
ǿҵĸүվҵǰ档
˼ҹҲǱǰһĻˡ
Ϊǰ棬һƬĽʬ˭Ҳж٣ٸƵվһ
һɽʮֿмʮ׵Ŀȣ֪쵽ʲôط
ҿǰվŵĽʬپ֮࣬վŵЩʬһͷ
ⳡ治ν׳ֱۣǽʬȺ
ȺЩʬ࣬Ҽ֪˶ٲΡ
ϸһطȻиʬȼĽʬ˵ëϼ֮Ľʬ
˵մľߵмߵȩ̈ӡ
ԭȫǴɽ֮ѡģɾ콩ʬһֻҪÿɱ˺ѪܲϲʬȻپƣ£⽩ʬĵлԽԽߡ
ϸȥЩʬʱ򣬷ÿһ߽ʬԴ϶ŷ
ڽʬԴϵķҲǸͬɫķɫķɫķרŶԸͬȼĽʬЩϤȫʬֻҪЩʬҿЩʬ϶ǲᶯġ
Щʬûתɽʬ֮ǰͱʬûнߵȼĽʬ֮ǰϵģҪȻôߵȼĽʬǵö˲ܿƵס
үһǰһֱվʮӡ
ʱ򣬴ͷͻȻһ͵͵ƺ𣬽ҴЩĽʬջĿ⣬̧ͷŶϿȥ
һۿȥҪŵұһƺߣ򽩿ܵĻĹâӳ֮£ҿŶĵŵһʯһ׶ĿҺ͸ү
ɰɫһתСĺɫͫȫף﷢һ죬ڳҺ͸үЦ
Ҳݣ
꣡
ү
ҿɣŵЩ겻ʱ㴫˼֮
Ǽλǰͻȫˣ̫֣ڸղŶûǵĽŲ
ȻǶ׼֪򽩿ߵĽʬܶ࣬ǵۼʱ򣬻̲ס˾̾
࣡Ƕ࣬ҵȼû̫͵ģ͵ӦþǺɷ˰ɡ
⼸̾ǰչһǣһͷȥʱ򣬿Ӷ˳ȫĴ
ߡ
ү˵һŲ˽Ųıһ㣬Ӻ¾Щʬ
Һݺһĭ˻֣ʾ˺
ɽ֮ǰ俪Ǹ֮⣬һͨ档
ӦܵĿһЩ
ԸֻٶԸǡ
ֱǳ롣
ǶŲŲʱ򣬱ʯͻȻֽһʯſЩʬǰ档
ɸһأվǰǼʮ߽ʬӱ΢΢ζһ¡
ȻԴŵЩʬȫζзڴһܿ죬ЩʬƮ䡱죬һȫȼ
ʬһ䣬ЩʬǴ˿صĻһſ죬һʬϷˡǡĹǽڻζ죬Ȼ⶯˱ӣܵЩ˵Ϣ
ֽЩʬű㳯ɱ
ܣҴһк˿첽汼ȥ
ը˹ˣЩʬܵģ꾹ȻзɽŶɣèһԾٶȿˡ
ͱˣɿʼչı
ȷе˵ͱ˽ʬѣǹֽԾʬȼյ졭һš
һ̣ĸѾܡ
ǷܵʱҸүͻȻҵһ࣬Сţéɽң
Ҳ֪үʱҪéɽɶôཀྵʬƾһéɽܹƵסһôߵȼĽʬ
Ȼ룬һǽéɽ˳ŸүǱ߶˹ȥ
үһѽéɽУȻԭվסˣһתٵ˷ĬһֻĻζéɽ塣
éɽ巢ĶѧʱϿһ㼱٣Ҳû֮ǰöЩ̶
үͣЩ̫ģҲͣ˼š
ǲ£ٰ˲ֶʺ·ʵܲȥһзݷ
Ҳܽүһ
ͷʱ򣬾һĻٴηˣéɽ£Щԭ߷׷ĽʬȺ׷ǰһپ߽ʬͻȻס˽ŲڶϷŵķɽҲء
үǸүΪéɽ徹Ȼܹסôཀྵʬ


2632 ð
Щʬүéɽס֮󣬶ʱ򣬳ź治ӿЩʬ˹ȥ
һܹܵʱ䡣
Ľʬ˵ЩȥķɽʵͷۣЩɽȻβ̫вܣûʱƴֻҪ΢ͣһ޾Ľʬӵ
ıŭˣ򽩿кüǧ߸ּĽʬһƬһͷҲпܵģеĽʬȫ⿪˷ӡֱһ޴ѡ
˵ĺ֮£˺ۣȼѾ˼ά϶չıҪء
ЩʬȫɽܳĺɲŲῼǣֻһĿģЩ˵ȫɱѪ⣬ʬΡ
үéɽһֱǧĽʬ֮Ҳκͣ첽߱˹éɽһףֽס
СţߣЩĽʬҲֲ̫ʱ䣬ӳѾˡ
˵ţҺ͸ү˱ǰȥ
һͷһЩүéɽƵĽʬ泯಻ӿĽʬ˹ȥʬʬܣⳡɲ̲ס࿴ۡ
еıһ˺ҧ̫ľͲˣЩߵĽʬǼ͵Ľʬһץסֱӳ飬ⶴﲻϻصЩʬײ˺ҧ죬ֱҲ̶á
һپĽʬס˺Щʬȥ·Ҫɵģүô޷Ǿʱѡ
ǰ·ܳɽǹģһصܶ϶ҪĽʬȫɽ
Ҹүһͬǰܳ˺ܳһξ룬Щʬû׷ǽʬ򶷵컹ܹġ
ûЩʬҵѹͿ˼һЩĶ
תͷ˸үү򽩿ôཀྵʬɸ⿪˷ӡվһҲҪüܽЩʬɾһôʰǣ
үŲδͣͷҲص˵үд㣬ȳȥ˵
үڲ˵Ҳü׷ʣһһµ뷨һһ߸үүҪȻһӳȥͲЩʬˣطһصܶ棬Щʬӳȥ֮󣬿϶Ǽ˾ҧﶼһصܶˣȫǵĵˣʬȫųȥǷǳ˸Ԯ߾ܽһصܶˡ
үͷһۣ˵С̫ˣܹЩʬֻһɣɲûбһص֮ܶУп˶οǸɣܹɵĻֹһˣһɱǸסЩųĽʬͻΪΪͷ۵飬ЩԮĸɸ֣϶ҲסôཀྵʬѹпڽʬȺȫû
үôȷܹƵסɣʵ
ӣǲðգûܹƵסɣǶҪ취סЩʬɱˣʯͷﻹаգǱ˲ܣ϶ܹɣ򽩿енʬҲܹƣôཀྵʬ򽩿ߣһصܶܲ취ôһЩʬǸסǾǵѣǱҪǣү
ү˼һһٶ꣬߹ű߹·࣬ǵȻҲȫ࣬Ҵô꣬Ҳˣ黹Щ嶯ʱҲֻһʱˬôƽϺغ̫˵϶ƾһʱ嶯¡
Ӧһʾ֪
͸үǰ˼ӣǰʹ˴򶷵졣
Һ͸үǰ棬˺ͻ۾ʦ˹Ѿɽ򽩿ôҪĵطһصǱ߿϶ҲرصģͻȻ򽩿ܳЩ򽩿ߵô׷뿪һ⡣
ʱٴδЩʬ˻Ծ֮ԽԽү֮ǰéɽƵЩʬѾЩʬɾˡ
Һ͸үŲûƬ̵ͣ٣ֱӾͱɽ֮⡣
ߵһѾ򽩿ߵЩ˴Ѿʮʬ壬Һ͸үһҲûţֱ˷Ҳȥ򽩿ߵЩƴɱ
򽩿ߵҪɶ˶˺ܶ࣬Щ˷ӡĴţЩҪʬ˽֮⣬ӽˮˣŻɽɵĻûʲô


2633 ס
򽩿߾ͲһˣЩʬͷ϶ʬǱ͵͵ǱȥʬͻӣطŻô˿ء
򽩿ߵ˼Ҳͣɫĺ־һٶˡ
ЩΪߣǼλǰޱѹ֮£һһıڵء
Һ͸үɱȥ֮󣬵Ҳм־նɱ
ү϶Ҳǵ򽩿еĽʬȫּܳݣЩ־ǰ棬˼֮ھܽһʱ˴ء
Һ͸үûã򽩿б㿪ʼнʬӿ˳ü塢ɷϼסë
Щɽ֮вӿĽʬЩɽĺ־ʱҲˣһֵĳɽķȥ
־֮бһ˳Ƕ˹ȥҪסЩϳĽʬǵǸػס򽩿еĽʬġ
ȻЩ˹ȥǱˮнʮ˸һȥ̱㱻ɽӿЩһپ߸ֽʬûˣǼûôü㱻һȺʬ˷ڵأҧס˲ӣ壬ҽһƬҲм־˳ӦʬЩӿĽʬȥҲƷʮ߽ʬֻϧ⽩ʬ̫ˣʱҧҲܽǸ
Ҳ֪Щ־ôģôཀྵʬ򽩿ӿҪȥ
Щ޷ܽʬ˺ҧѪĺ־ֱӴ߶еĽƣֱԱѪ֮䣬öཀྵʬ˳ȥ
ʮˣӲȫҵˡ
ʣЩ־ͱǰľŵĻЩŵĴ㶵ЩŵתͷܣЩڸƴɱȻ˴źŵ֮һĺХ֮һɫͼڰ֮γɣը졣
һ˷ųźŵǻֹܹųźŵ̫ˣʮҪȥֹ
գۼĹ򣬱İپ߸ֽʬ򽩿ӿ˳ǳ̫ˡ
ղڶڴĺ־ܵܣһֱǺɱˣܿ˾ɢȥ
ˡҲܰɣƲסˣղǷųźŵһʯͷеҪۼڴ˴Ǿ͸ܲˣԳ
˵ûЩʬͳɣǹҧɱҲʡ鷳ǡк˸Ͻ˺󣬴
ֵز˵뷨Ӧø֮ǰĲ࣬ΪЩʬһصɺܴ鷳ҸүղŸҷˣȫųǾ鷳Ѱ·
տ϶ܹɵģܹסеĽʬ
ϸ缸һ򽩿߸סЩʬųĲˡҸүת˳һɽ±ȥ
ĸǰһվԽԼķ˳
СţǽЩĽʬס򽩿û֮ǰܷһ߽ʬҸү
ӿĽʬҺݺһĭ
үⲻΪôЩʬǧߣҴ򽩿֮лнʬӿ˳ƾǼ󱲣סôߵȼĽʬͲѧ
үڸ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬱㽫éɽٴθҪ˹ȥɸղһ㣬Ļζһ죬ǰĽʬپϱéɽȫסźӵĽʬ˹ȥƴɱһƬ
龰һٶ߽ʬվߣܹҵֵһЩֻЩɱ©֮Ϳˡ
Ҳҵģų˶ʦ֣кһɸڿͳСȣվһֵͬЩ˷ߵĽʬȺ
˸ովҸүǼǰͬʱ߶˴С
Ҹүų˷һУ򽩿ߵķײ˹ȥ
˴߶еĳһƬƺƵĽڰ֮кϲһ޴ޱȵİɫҲǱߺȻײȥ
Ϊ˼ͷ֮ϷƱɫһ羶ֱеĳ£Ȼбȫ򽩿ߵķȥ
۾ʦݣеһ˦ǣһĥô󣬽ϵĳ򽩿ߵķײȥ
⼸λǰĴзֱ򽩿ߵķȥʱ򣬼ֱϹҵ۾
ڶڵЩʬЩըĴɣЩըķɳʮԶСɽͷ඼̮סЩϴ򽩿бĽʬȥ·
Ӧ򽩿߶µĲףǶѾ̮ˣǻûͣеĶ


2634 ôǿ
Ǽλǰϵķų˼֮ɽͳ׵̮ˣĽʬûٳȫЩʯղĽʬҲһǧϡ
Ǽλǰ򽩿ߵʱ򣬲нʬپ߱éɽסĽʬķ򣬳ɱ
˾Ǽλǰǰ棬ƴЩʬһ
ЩͻƷߵĽʬϾҪߵʱҺܿ߶˲ľ֮ԦľЩĲĴӵ֮ȥסЩʬ壬Щʬû˼άģУҲ߲ȥֻǰɱ
ЩĻĲ׵ıܹסǵ˫ȣǺŲ壬ʦʱ˺ܴãЩʬĲס֮󣬶ʦֻȼЩסĽʬͳ˹ȥ
ʦȼյ֮ܹסʬЩĽʬһȫȼǵȼߵĽʬʦҲͬа취ȥԸֱһԪ֮һЩʬϣҲܹȫճ
СȸǿͳϣɿʩչֶΣ˼ǵüӣҲֵܵһ
кһҲûţ׷׳ȥЩʬƴ
ǵĿĲٽʬסЩɱĽʬǲҪżλǰ򽩿ߵĳڸ
ڣǼûüֶã򽩿ߵСɽͷ̮ڸȫˡ
Щ֮ǼǰЩȻ֮ɫϾʩչĴʮġ
Щɳ߳ɱĽʬǼǰҲ첽ߵǵߣҸү߰ɣϽ뿪ȥ֮ǰɵɽӦúܿ˹ˡ
ү˵Ҳһ顣
֮ǰɵǸɽ֮󣬽Ƕڸ䴩ˣȻߵĶڱɿͨ俪ǸɽֻǸЩСЩʬ϶ʮַѾлһֽʬʮֽӲ޷
ү˵ţתһ첽ȥԳҴҵǰ·
һ߿ߣԳһ߼˵һǶĶˣû뵽ôǿô׶ɶûл֮򽩿߸ˣǵʵѾҵԤ֮⡣
Сӣ黹أɲûбɱղĵˣֵôѾΣյľأܻܲųȥͿǵ컯ˡһ߿һߵǵ˵
أҾİǵʱ򣬾ûܻˣҲΪһЩ顣Գ
˵ţͻȻǰһȺˣƺƵ˵Ҳˣɫ磬Ӧþһصܶ־ˣһЩˣүŸʹһɫһСȣ򵥹ͨһ£ܿҵ˼
˿̣Ǽϻ־·ҸүǻƤߣԸҲǵݡ
˼ӿ˽Ųһһ۴Уװһޱȵģ
ʱЩ־һ棬ԶԶģ˴־ֵܣǰ淢ʲô飿
Сʮֻ˵ˡ򽩿߲֪ʲô飬Щʬȫܳˣǹȥһ޷ֹֻ˻ǸϽȥưɣЩʬ󡭡
ԭǿͳ졭ʲô˽򽩿ߵĽʬ˳һ־
Ҳ֪һ㡭ǿ쿴ʬ׷ˡ
˵䣬ʮ߽ʬ׷˹л߷ɽƵϷžƮ˹̫ôˡ
Щ־һЩʬﻹйǣղ˵Ǹ־һкżӭЩʬɱ˹ȥ
Ȼǵǧ߸ֵȼĽʬЩ־ȥ϶Ҳǲġ
ҲǣֱƿЩ־֮ǰɵǸɽķȥ
ɵɽ򽩿ԶʱǱ㵽˶ڴҲǴˣǸһ㿴ڴһƬнʬ俪Ķڴ˳Ǻܶ࣬ҲжʮߣЩĽʬڸػɶЩ־ս־һǸձҧûжãѪ˸ʬ
طĽʬ࣬ϾĶںСҪȻǾͲ˰ɣΪ˵
ôУһɴô죿˵


2635 
ΪⶴڶϣɾˣǶצӱȴɽ׻ڶϣҲǳ顣Ϊֵ
ס೤ʱס೤ʱ䣬ѾǺˣҲһŪ˻ص
ǽڸϰɣý֦ҸүͷһˣĿҵϣСţéɽǱϵһ£ǵûУһҪһصܶ淢ܹˡ
Ӧһ˵ϸϵȴ룬߸ôĶǱӦҲɣʱӦҲ춯ˡ
óүǼֱӶˣ֮ǰٻ򽩿һ㣬ǹʼʩ׷ʩչ˴УҲɶˡ
ЩڶڸܳĽʬƴ־֪ô¶㱻⼸λǰĴк䣬ѪɣͬЩɶӳĽʬҲδ⡣
˱Щʬǿ̫࣬˲صȻЩ־λǰżйȥɶҲˣЩ־Ͳ࣬ڶڵĻȫɥЩŵҲ˲ᣬĽʬȥںѪȻж˿顣
ڼλǰɶʱѾȼһŴéɽƽ̣ʲôط
éɽƽ̻Ӧ˵Ѿӽĳǣ֮ǰһȷӹȥǰһصѲߴзãô˹ȥвףοĳǵġ
¶һʱҲ˵Ȼ֪ͨԵƬ̣߻˹ȥӦǡ
ȻȥӦéɽƽ̵Ŀ϶ңǽʯͷ֮ǰǸ峤˼Ŵϵ
ôǽӦЩ˹ʲ
ʵéɽƽ̴֣ҪƵںˮԨķӦҲرѵ飬ֻҪһЩʱˡ
¾¾һصĺѲߴѲҲкܶ࣬ʮ鷳
һںˮԨ治зãЩǧһĴڣǾ͸鷳ˡ
ԣȥӦЩԮʲǶԴĳʮϤ֪һصͨĳǵ·Ǹطûбһص·
ʯͷļȮ巴ѣȻéɽŴɵĸָ
ò˶ãһصܶ⻼ҳɼѣĺϷܿҪˡ
Ҹͬôͨһ£˵֪ˣʲô
Ҽ򵥵һ˵飬ԵΪ϶û뵽ôͰô飬˵Ѿ弸¶˵ˣҲ֪˴ĸΧһصܶ棬һһص
弴˲ԸΧһصܶҲѾˣΪʯͷϾҪңЩҲ֪ͨһصܶ档
ҽЩһ˵һ˵ͷʾȻ
ʦô죿ͻȻ˻۾ʦ
۾ʦɫһֱƬ̣ŵС˵˿ϰǣǻ·һǰȥӦɵĸ֣һṥʯͷǣ֧ԮҵȣǺβӦϣſڽŴ򿪣Ҳʡ鷳
۾ʦ˵ûǾͽʯͷǵĳŴ򿪣ӦǵԮǲУҲԴӳſڵķӵĳǣôҲ׷ǣһôǵģҸү
ûʲô˵ģλǰ˵ôЩСĸűǣȥسǵЩ˸ɱ˰ɣӦɹĸ֡չ
飬һﶼûʲô飬Ǻһųſڵķȥ
һ·֮ϣǲҴӴߣרһЩƫƧ·
һ·ϣܹһصܶ򽩿Ǳߵķۡ
ֻǿЩ˷źţ֪ʲô飬ڴ򽩿ܳһǧ߸ֵȼĽʬһصܶҲǹһġ
Ҳܵģ򽩿ߵĿһٶ־ɱһ֣ʬҧһ֣ǻһЩˣЩ֪ʲôǽЩʬųģһص֪ǻ˳֮ˣҲǼӽжЩſڵķС
һ·֮ϣ˷ӿһȺһȺɫ糤۵ĹͷʹЩ͸ǲǿȸĿͳ֮ҲûʲôģЩ˻ǵǷʲô顣
СȾ͸֮ǰһ㣬ʧ˵򽩿ĽʬܳˣҲ֪ʲô˵ĵ˺ܶơ
С龢ˣҸо˹ǷһӰۡ


2636 
Щһص˿ǼѪ߰ߵģм٣һ֮󣬱˳򽩿Ǹɱȥ
ǴӸ·һص˺üǶɫ磬үǴƤߣԷ˶Ϊ־ûнǵα¶
ҲǿݼʱÿԶԶĿǼҪװһոմս꣬ʬ׷Ķ·ӵģ
һ·ţԳǴ·ܿ˳ſڵλá
Ǽλǰ򽩿ߺԵʣ򽩿ߵַ˺üöźŵ󲿷ȫ򽩿ߵķһ߸سǵ˸һص·֧ԮҲҪܳһʱ䡣
ǻûüϵǾѾЩسǵȫɱˡ
֮УǺһıЩǵɽЩ
ĿǰΪֹһнеĶʮ˳ûбǸɵ֮⡣
ɱǼλǰ˺ۣģǳҲ㲻ʲô۶ˡ
һΣһװʮ־ֵģųſڵķ˹ȥ
ʯͷǵĳŴųŵ˺ܶ࣬˵ҲˣϾſʯͷǵ֮أԳ˵ʯͷǵҲرأȻǽܸߣҲ˷ǽ롣
ʱһ˹ǣĴسŵһص˱ٵľۼڴ˴
ۿǿҪſڵʱͻȻ˴ӳ洫˺ɱ֮Щسǵһصȫվ˳֮ϣٴеģ
ǳ֮Ҳ˼ʮˣվ˳ſڵλá
˶ϸһ£ֳ֮١
ŵʱұСĸ˵һ
ҸүҲٲϵֶΣ˵п˹֧Ԯˡ
һ䣬ڳ֮ϣһɫ˷ŭ˵壡ôĵӣô˵ʯͷǵʲôҪ췴𣿡
һصʩпѹեˣ⼸ʮһֱǼƽϣʱգǷǵôߣܹһصѹեձҪһصȫɱ⣬ΪЩʧȥͬѩޣ
ԴǣʮϤӦ
үүүү˹ˡԳһЩ˵
ɫ˽ֵǾƲԳԷƣǵôߣ֪ǻӦýȫɱ⣬һ
Ϸ򲻹ˣͻёҲٴΣһصͷˣͶϷ֤ǲֵ
˼ҵǼٴμүӿ԰ô̵ʱڲⷢˣͻёҲѣͬԸһص
˵Ҳǣ屸һصѹȣͻё϶Ҳܵ˺ܴѹ
һ绢ˡ
ҪͶԵģǲϺͿˣӦͶǣͶлᣬһܶŭˣĳǿ¾ֻһص˰ɣ඼Ҫɱ⣡۵ļһ˵
үӣǷʲôȹǰɣһɵĸָҲøǴǰվһЩֿ˵˵ͬףôԶҶǰ߻ё֮ġ
ɱүӵϣ˿ʼǣɼһĳųǽ֮Ϸеȼ˵͹ӳų
Щ˴̻һٶǰֶΣⶼʲôˣ̵ģ
Ҳֲǣһٶ꣬ѾҪǳȥ϶̬ܲǨ
Ϻͳµ˴һš
һ˳ųſڵķȥųŵЩһص˺ܿ췢ǣм˳˹ʱҲŷ֣ųŵЩ˲ɫ磬üɫʱôûзء
־ֵܣôˣһʮĺЩɨһ۵
ˡ֪ʲô˽򽩿ߵĽʬ˳򽩿һƬңȫ򽩿ߵķ˹ȥǺòײ˳ǱŵġڿͳϵСɹʼʩ
¸ղҲ˴򽩿߷򷢳źţźźܶ࣬϶ǳ˴£ԭ򽩿߱˸ֽţʲô˸ɵģǺ
Ҳ֪ʱǾ򽩿߸ϰپ߽ʬΧô֣Ǽ˻ܳˡСȼƭ˵


2637 ǸĹ
ʱһɫɨǼһۣʮ־裬۾־ú֮أܵſʲô
һʣжһ¶ʲôţһһ·ƭôһصˣôߵͲʹأ
Сȿһۣҽű鹵ͨҵĻ־˵
Сл⣬æ˵Ƿһ֮ǰسǵĵֽһ˹ȥ򽩿Ľʬ󲿷ֶʬˣܶЩƲסҲˡٲȥЩ֣¡
˵ļΪϿң־˵ͷȴͻȻЦһ˼ˣһרŵطɣܹס򽩿еĽʬ򽩿ĽʬȫˣֻҪڣܿƲס棿
⻰˵Ƕһ㶣滹¶
˵䣬ʹһɫųŵʮɫ˱ĵ˹վ˵
һ£־ֽ˵ػŵǹ̶ڴ˴ģԴܶᵽĳ֮󣬾ͶأسǱ˵һǹ֧Ԯ򽩿ߣʲô֤𣿡
Ҳ֪ȥһûҵѾƲסˣǲҲգһҵǣǺÿġԳվ˳벹һ¡
ҾûбҪˣԷǶģƺѾ϶Ǽٴһּˡ
־һЦ˵ҿһأʱ־һ֮ˣ˿ͳԳ֮⣬ЩùǵߺͺЩ֮һ޶ûв´Ļ򽩿ߵĽʬʬǼ˸Ĺɣǲǿͳ죿
˵ţ־ϵɱٴŭһͳ죬Ȼұܶ棬Э֮һصܶأ
ЩȥԮɶ˴Ҵææû˼ǵݣһ֮ܶлۼģȻôʶǵݡ
Ȼˣǻûʲô˵ˡ
޷ǰﶯֻ֣Ÿˡ
˲䣬ұ㽫˳һл㾦㳯Ÿղ˵Ǹ־ؿڴ˹ȥ
־згһΣͳǵɫĹն˹ȥ
һ죬־ĳɫĹĲֶ˶˺ü
ɱչһȣ𾫳ҲһŻ⣬ǰЩϯȥ
塢ͻёڹǣڳſڸ顣
ֻҪЩسŵļʮȫɱ⣬Ŵ󿪣ЩԳɱʱһһͬһصܶ渲
Ҳ֪éɽĸɵĸûи˺һǿġ
սһʮһϣӭЩųŵɱȥ
Ǽǰߵνһǰǰļ˸һӭ㱻ǼǰֱӸȥ
鵽ز˱ûʲôصˣж;ʩչͣ˭ҲûС
ڳЩ˵ʱ򣬻˲ľ֮ԦľĲʯ˳Щ˲ƶȥ
ͬʱ˷׷ʩչֶΣǰ˾һɱ
Ȼߵ࣬Ǽǰڣʵȫѹǡ
ЩƺҲҸүǵʵǿ󲿷˶λ˼ҹȥ
˴һƬʱżٰ˲ųſڵķ˹ȥ
̧ͷһȸԼɵĺʯţŷһܴʯ䵱˨ʯ²мǧأǺصʯҾͲ֪ˡ
ǱʱҪʮһصĸֺƶʯţԼһ£оƾһ˽ʯŴЩǺӦŪ
һʯţЩųŵļһ㱼ˣǿҵ뷨
ҵ־Ϊͣųͳһɨǧ㳯˹ȥ־˺ü
ߴˡһ죬еϽƮ˹ȥһ־˹ȥ־һӰӭҵĽ꣬һϵʱ򣬸оʮּӲҲնһӡ
ƤʮּӲҪҶƲ
ȻƤ׿ˣȴûˣҽŴǰֲһƣСӿڱѪŶ
СšôأǴ򲻿Ƚȫɱ⣬ǼλǰֱӷŴкɡϻҵ뷨ҵ


2638 ű
һҲǣԼţǲܵ飬˼ܹ˨жǸһȽЩسǵ˵
ٴγɱȺ֮еʱʮѾүǿһ룬ЩһصĸһŵɫǸ޷ʮˣȻܹôǿɱ
ڳ¥سǵЩˣһۿžҪסˣܿ첻˴ս֮УЩ˶һص˸ĹƣһȫηʮѲЩϧԱķҪͬھ
ƴһǵĵ˲ûм٣һڲϵࡣ
Ҫǣ¥˻˽ϵķźŵһʮȵ򽩿߱ٵʱҪࡣ
ǲźŵҲûа취ˣϣƴǣֽسǵɱô࣬ò˶ãʯͷǱɡ
ЩһصĶسǵΪܸߣǺ־ҲźܶഩɫӵһʱҲ˵һΧ֮С
Сţҹ
Ҹոսһ־ڵأүһα㵽ҵߡ
ʱүϵİɫѾѪȻͷһ۸ЩͷʹƴɱĻ۾ʦˣ˵СţүһŸˣղѾ۾ʦ˵ˣסЩˣү콣콫Ŵ򿪣
ǣЩŵʵ
ţû㾦Уʯү
Һ͸ү˵ͬʱҿ۾ʦѾǵǰ棬ǻ۾ʦٴν׷ɶڷ𷨵ļӳ֮£һĥ̰С˺֮Щͷʹݺײ˹ȥһ޴ЩͷʹƬƬıײ˳ȥһѪ
ܾû۾ʦ϶ˣЩײɳȥȻˣȴû
ܿҾԵɣ۾ʦתĸɮ϶ҪطŽɣһǾԲɱġ
˴ûл֮ҲܺãһǼ˹ȥǡ
ǿûʲôŽɣֻҪԷŪǣǿ϶ҪŪǵġ
һ飬Ŵˡ¡һ졣
ʲôųźݺݵײӦϵҪŸƣҺ͸үһۣ뻹ʲôʲôлƵҲܿһЩ
Һ͸ү˫˫˺˺ü׷׾нźϵʯ˹ȥ
Һ͸үõ콣֮еĵĽʽ㾦
һǽеһ㣬ͽĴ߶֮£ܹӵΪǿһ㣬һȥϵʯòġ
ʵҾһзҲͦõģֻһ൱ү֮ǰ˺üΣľ޴һ·ƴɱ϶ҪʵһյʱҲһЩм֮
Һ͸үʹ˺üλ㾦ʽǾ޴ʯ֮ϱһɫĹһԲͬڴֵĶүĶҪ࣬Ҵ͸ǿܹʯ֮󣬻Ǻصʯ֮һ
Ϊ̣治˵ΪͻͽΪܱȵġ
ײŵЩˣҺ͸үŪĶײž͸𾢶ˡ
ۿҺ͸үȥɫʯĿ׶ҪһֱߣܿҪѿʱ򣬲ֳ֪һ˵ҲˣŻ۾ʦǱӿ˹ȥһΣ۾ʦҲЩסˣסˡ
ʱһųǧƣ˵ŵļʬ֮УʬٵĸãȻʬ֮³Ƴ棬ЩӭЩͷʹ˹ȥ
ЩɫĹƳһǾ綾֮һصЩͷʹʱ󾪺źȥ
ȻӲɵܰװ׵Ķ
Сš㰡涥סˣһνϽ𲧻˳ȥͷߴһ
үûлͷһٴξеĽ꣬˫ţǾ޴ʯصһһɫĽЩֱۣʯ˹ȥ
áǲһ죬ʯڴмѿˡ
¡һ죬һ߰˸˰һôֵĴȻײ˽ǳŸײˡ
Һ͸үæԱһ㿪Ǿ޴ľ
ִ̧ľײǴĳ֮һĻё壬೤Ĳ࣬ȴһβ͵İˡ


2639 ɳ
ЩёĲݱ֯ͷ˺üȦһһľͿ죬ֲײš
˫Ŭ֮£Ųűˡ
Щёһʯͷ֮У㽫Ǿ޴ɶ˵ϣһųǰɱȥȻмҸүɱ
Щё˿϶ҲǱһص˵ѹȾˣһӶˣײϡ
һё˳ʱҷһţؿ˹ȥ߷ڵأͬʱ󺰵֣ёֵǣһģ
ȻЩёţɳ
ҸүҲё˸ڵأû˵ǡ
Щёڣܶ࣬Һ͸үҲòݱܷâʵ̫ˣһƬŶµˮйͨ
Ļё˿ǸǶ֣ɱ۵Ǽɱ
֣ԼˣһϤӲԶƮ˹
̧ͷһүͦһѱ֮Ϸɱ£ߴ󺰵
һȺёүӵͣǱ߿ȥ
ǵӦӳĸ֣ȥһصƴȥɡֵ
ʱЩɱ۵Ļё˲뿪ǣʯͷڲɱ˽ȥ
ϸ硭лˣҸүһֵ
˵лңǴĳȺһصܶѹô꣬ÿϵ˲֪ж٣һֱǸŭԣҪǹҸͶǻ֪ѹꡣүӳ
˵򣬻ё˽ϵĴͳȥһһûбУȫ֣ǵ϶зצӣʮּӲ
һĹ򣬹ǻё˱ȥ˺üٸӿ֮ڵҲԴԴϡ
ЩёǷһһص˾˹ȥ߸ΧһһصĹͷʹһҧ
Щ˿϶ûʲôΪϵˣǸץסǺ
ҿһһصʹё˸˵ڵأֱקס˵ĸ첲ȣŲֱͬӽ˸ʬˡ
үӣô˵ȺһͬԸһصܶģҺ
ʵȺз֮ģһصܶʵ̫ǿˣǸǵĶ֣һֱѹţϷҵ˰峤ɳͻё峤ʣһ˵ǳ֮˾˴ϾҪĳˣһصҪҪһ֣ڴ֮ǰѾټ£Ѿͬˡ
û룬ҽɳͱһ˵ʱһļϣֽһصЩ꣬Ǳһص۸̫ˣÿ궼Ҫṩʵһصܶ棬ʯͷǻё޽ģ֪˶ٻёˣЩһصܶˣϴЩƤףǰϵƬɣһصܶ˼˶ŰϵƬɵƤף룬Ҫɱٰ˲ſ
һ˵¶үӸ
үôһ˵Һ͸үһ
һص˷ָˡ
ͻёȻĸ˲һǶӵ˼άȴһص˵ūһ㿴
Ƥ̫ˡ
ֲûёһһصʯͷǶһ֮ĳ޼ֱ̫ˡ
о仰˵ĺãڳĬбڳĬĳǱѹֵ̫ˣһһλᣬȻҪһصܶ˷Ľ
һһё˳ɱ˽ȥűǰɱ˽
ЩȫǾΣȴһ˶Դȥʮֹ졣
ƾӴκϼӲۼףɱ϶Сˡ
ǰǸɵĸȡϵһʱ֮ǰǾѾĳΧˣ˽ӦûУҸүе
ѾȥӦˣ˶ɳ˺ܶ˹ȥȥһǧˣӦúܸܿϵĳˡ
ǾͺãϸˡҸүٴο
˵䣬ĳǵһǧˣҲԴԴ˳ɱ
ߵҲǽƣϻȫ˷߿£
ȥ˿࣬һصܶ϶ҪˡչЩ˵
ҳȥһص֮ܶǰ֧ԮЩˣܿͱûΧ֮Уɱ쳣ҡ


2640 ɱ
ȴĳһʯͷ֮˸ı䣬ЩԭΧǴĹͷʹ˳䡣
ֵǣһصЩͷʹϰپʬ֮һ۵ļһͻȻһ
ȻһصܶЩ˱糱ˮһĳʯͷ˹ȥ
һһصܶسǵ˶ˣǻøϽ׷
ͷˣܹѪɱۡ
ͻȻ䣬ҸоЩ̫ԾԼУҸоһʮǿҵĞųʯͷ֮˿
ͣ£Ҫǰ׷ˡ
ͣ£
ҸүǣɼͬʱǰЩ˴
վһ岻ԣתͷǡ
һֲ̣鷢ˣǰһˣͬһʱǱ˽棬һѪɣʬΣһƴСʬ鶼ûУȫɱķ顣
ɿֲϢû״޼Ѱһٵĳ˹
ֲϢӹĵط˷׷ױɱƬʬҰѪء
忴龰ʱɵˣ˻ߵĴˣ˲Ҫˣҿˣ
ʱˣ˿ǰ˱ɱȻƴӴܣ滹вϳʯͷӿ֪ǰ淢ʲôһȫһ𣬽˳ȥҪҲˡ
֮ǰҾ;ʯͷзܲʮֲֿЩһص˻ȥ֮󣬿϶ǽˣ
ÿһӶкܶȥ˿˲ʹļף޿κΡ
ʱһֱĬĻ۾ʦͻȻһԾЩ˵Դͼٵǰɱȥʱ㵽Ƿɱ˵ǰ档
۾ʦһӷҷȱȻ˫ֿٵĽӡǰңңһġ
нɫĹâӻ۾ʦ˫֮˳ºͶ磬ҲһɰĞųʱǲϳӹķϢסˡ
˱ɱȫ˵ӡ
һͨɱ˱˺Ƭ
ֲǽõ֮תҲֻл۾ʦӵΪĸɮзӽס
ȫ˳ſڵλã˻漷
֪ʲôʱѾ˳¥ϣų⻹ＷЩ˴ҪˣпֲķѾɱ˺üˡǧҪˡ
үֶΣصϢЩӦˣľڵõ˿ơ
˿ֲѪȵֶǰһӲ˾ͱɱ˺üˣ֮ϵǵ飬ѪŨЩŻ
˵ЩηĹͷʹΪʲôѡʯͷǵƽʱϺ˰벽ģԭ̡
ȶס˾֮Һ͸ү˻ǰ鿴ǰһёͰȫɵˣЩڲϵɪɪ
ֳ֮ǰ϶ûмǶ֪һʲôĴڣΪֻҪʯͷǸЩƴͿˣ֮ⷨЩܹġ
ڷЩ֮˶֪Ŀֲ֮ǲŵһ뷨֮У֪ôġ
ǰ漸ʮ׵ĵطȫϸѪֵȾһƬѪ졣
۾ʦѾһё˵ɫȥʮֳأ̾Ϣһֵӷ𡭡
ʲôܿЩŵתͷɡ
۾ǰ濴ȥЩʧ񣬺ûһ֮ȥһץʱһϢǰ˹ȥ
ʱһʯͷǵ˹ݵ˶ˣǾȻұһصܶ棬ɱһصӣǲˡһֻҪǷеΪĳ֮˽ǣһĶȲȻܶ淴֮ʱѪϴһգƬײ
һصܶѾʼˡ
Է˵ЩʱҿёͰЩĳ߿
ǿޱȵһصǰգۼĹܹɱü˵ķǰʶһص֮ͬңЩ˵˼϶ҡġ
һЩһص˵Ĺر̳ԣһͶˣǷӦڳλһǾӦһ𣬸һصܶףһˣ֮ǰαǸɱģ


2641 ߾
˵վڳ¥ϵ壬Ȼĳ˺
壬ƥһ׽֮󣬱ҪƤڵܾеĿ֮ĥ㣬ȫҪᣡһصǱٴݵ˵
һﲻҪ£һصҰģɥк³ģиɵĸ֣ƺƵǧ߸һصܶѾ֮ֻҪһܹսʤǣٴδ
壬Ȼ֮ˡ
Щ֣һصܶ˶ڷ֮вҲȥ
ЩЦǣ徹ȻһصܶһͷЩ޿κΡ
Сٴƿ𣿡
Ҳ֪ͼֶ԰ɣ˵ƿ󡣡
˵ţճŰ֮һ㣬˫ֿٵڰ֮黭һһɢŽɫâЩǰͼһĶǰͼԽԽ󣬵ҲԽԽǰķ֮뵶ȥ
ֹƬ̣ɫһͻȻִǰĳһλ˹ȥֱֱĲ˵ϡ
Сţһۣ÷ʬ߽۵ĵ֮ˣܲƿ󡣡ҵ
Ӧһ˷ʬߣͳ۵ķ˹ȥ
ӸһأҪʬ߲Ǵ۵ʱ򣬶ȻһɿֲϢٴӹҸоϢЩǷո֮ʱǹͬʱϴ
ôȷѪ꣬ұ˼ߵľԣżһ棬̾ʹ߶ٰ˲һ࣬Ҹղŵλźüѳǹзɼ졣
ţǹĪ˹ǷɽǹȫƬ
һĻҶʱľ֮УղҪһСûˡ
һͷЩεĳһۣⲻŪ
ӷ𡭡ӣȥĸ㻤ǡ۾ʦ˵
˻۾ʦ仰ұ̤ʵóһ죬Ÿղŵĵط˦˹ȥһվ˸ղŵλãʬ߾ͳĵط˹ȥ
һʱҸоǿֲϢٴοٵĳӶͬʱ߻˺Х֮ʶľ߶ٰ˲㿪һ뵽۾ʦڸһֻҪӲͷƤҧվﲻŲΣʵҵѹǷǳ֪֮Էķܹ˲ɱһ⣬Ҫվһһ۾ʦ޷ҵסĿ
һѡŻ۾ʦ
һҧұ㽫еķʬ߲ŵĵطʬĩ˵Сٵ˸ʼ۴֮
ʱԭӹĿֲϢͻȻ߲ʮֵĵطЩɼǹ֮ķ˳ȥ
һͷһŷֻ۾ʦ֪ʲôʱҵ˫ָŷӡеĽɫâ
Сţ֪ʲôˣʧѾõ߾ܹߴۣÿƿһۣۿۣ㿴£ɵʹġ
˵䣬ɱٴγŲԶ׳һ죬һΣ㳯ķȥʬһ壬ʱоǵɷ֮ԴԴϵĳŷʬ߻۶пֲӹҪɣȻģ۾ʦӰΣվһΪһ
һص˿Ƶ󣬶ʱԵЩȻǵˣȴܹ˵죬ֻ˾ŵˡҪƵǵķ󣬸Ͻֹǣ
Ѿ֪ͨһˣ˺ܿ͸ϵˡ
ȵ˹߾ѾƵˣϽȥֹ
Ǳߵһܿƽţұ۵ʱͻȻоЩ̫Ծҽʬ߲嵽Ǵ۵ʱĻ۾ʦһץסҵļ򣬽岽Ҹղվĵطʮѳ˹ȴֻûпˡ
ⷨԷܹǣȴǲںδ
һЩ鷳
վ޼ƿʩʱҸүΪˣȫվһҸүСţǻƵʱ䲻ˡ
һ㶣֪үʲô˼ʱ䲻ˣ
ӦһҲûж룬λǰĻ֮£ٴ֮


2642 ǰ滹з
һΣλǰҵܣҰΧмλãҾͿȫĵȥƿ߾ˡ
һλǰ㻥Ϊǣҵƶٴζ۴÷ʬȥʱ򣬱ָϴһ˷̽෨ȴˡ
ҸүǵΪȻƾܵĞųӦж϶ֵλãڶԷ׼Ҫֵʱ򣬱һ֞ųλǰܹȷˣүһɨǧȥһƬ֮Щ׷أ༸λǰҲܹͬʱ֣סԷֶΡ
ʲôȥܣֻҪڵϣʬ߷۴λãǷʬĩ˵Сٵ˸ɵɷ֮
ʱҲϽе쳯Ųͬ۴ȥ
һϵ޷죬θλòͣı任λһ֮±߾ۡ
۱ƻ֮߾ķ֮Ѿʮ΢ˣЩɱ֮ٴӹʱֻһЩʹ磬ֵġ
ò˵ʯͷǲõķʮǿģղҪǻ۾ʦ÷֮ס֮ⷨ߾Ѿ˲ء
ƳһۣͻȻҽʬ߲֮ЩһصܶĹͷʹûκжȻרĵ󣬵ҲЩ̻ȻòⲻЩͷʹµķ
һƳҸүͻȻоʲôһãȻһץסҵӣҴӵҵһֱӽʬ۴
֪ʲô飬Ҿͱүʮ֮⣬λǰҲμˣһ˲Ϻ˵ͬʱͻȻһɹ̵֮ϯҶһһ޴Ļֱʮô󣬺շŻһξ룬ҵüëûǻɢˣͷҲǣʱһڸ
Ϊƺһгһ˦Ǿ޴Ļһըס
ըƽض𣬺¡죬ײǻ֮ϡ
ٷĻһ٣Ľ⧲֮䣬ǻͻȻһըѿѴŻĳɫĵ˷ɢȥʮܼ
󣡡ɾһŵɫ䣬æź漲ˡ
۾ʦüͷһʱеǴ׷˳ȥ
Ƿǣ˲ޱȾ޴ÿһ֮϶Žɫġ֣Χ˵ܡ
Щ޴ķոγɣЩĵͱ˹Ȼ졣ػǡ
˴ԼаҵĹ⾰ЩŲٳǴ
۾ʦһ֣Щ޴ķܿСһץջС
ǰȥʱ򣬵ʮ֮ĵطվŵıЩһصĹͷʹ
ЩҲһƬɫĶУһͷ֪ʲôʱǾȻ־ۼôˡ
Щһ׶Ŀǣ۾
ёǣҺɱȺһصΪȥ˱𣡡ͻȻһʮִһͷһһȻё˴Ȧ˲֪ʲôʱվǵ
Ҳһёˣʮ׶
ǲ´ĻӦǻёʡ
峤к֮£ЩёǷһٴγŶЩһصĹͷʹ˹ȥ
Ҫǰ壬ǰ滹з󣡡
ˣȥҪȥץǻё峤ʵĸ첲Щё˺Щ̫⣬ǳԲǴ߷ո꣬ǾΪƽˣһЩһصˣ۾ð
ёôˣҪֹѾˣǻё峤к֮£ʱüٸёӭͳЩһص˹ȥ
Щһص˾վڼʮ׿ĵطǵûн˼ё˹ʱһ֣Щһص˱תź漲ˡ
һЩё˻Ϊһصǣżɱ
ŲҪǹȥȫЩё˵ıŸûˡ
һصЩʹ˳а׿ľ룬ٴͣΣ׷˷һҪӭսļơ
׵ЩёۿžҪЩһصײʱͻȻ䡱һһ죬ĴЩёûС
Ҳ֪Ǻõʱٴο˻۾ʦӰǰɱȥ
֮󣬽žһЪ˹ĲҽҳǰһоһǰЩёϰ٣ĪľȼɫĻ棬յž죬Ǹ״ͱˡ


2643 ƴս
ȻɫĻ沢ûΪô໬ё˶ֹסͷɲлёУվһϾĪɫĻ棬Ȼ˾ͱˡ
侹Ȼķ󣬵զ಻ѡ
۾ʦƮȻվǷ֮ǰٴ˷ҪֹⷨӣʱΪҲ˹ȥеĳ˳۾ʦͽҰɣѾ̫Ϊ
Ȼ۾ʦӦΪеĳһһ֮ôԶҶоǿҵĞųųΪеǰѳ
һ֮䣬ԴԴϵ㳯Ϊеĳ۶Ϊеǰѽ֮ϺĿ׶ЩȼŵĻёɫĻ涼Ϊеĳ˹ȥˡ˿˿졣
ҿΪ˵ķЩ
ΪеĽôĹЧתһ룬·
չеĻ𾫳ܹͷųģǽƽ޹ʵľƽʱչɫĻĵ֮ϣΪΪչʦүչʹõЩֶʦү϶ȫᣬΪȻеĽ֮ⷨеĻȫڽ֮УԴƻ
òҲĲʲô̫ΪΪǰѷνһá
һڻё˵çײһٶˣȫճ˻ҽɢһҪΪǰֹ϶ĸࡣ
ǰѱڲϷ˿˿죬ŷ֮е֮ΪѾ˽Ųƽǰѷǰȥ
ʱҸүҲ󣬿ǰҲƵĲˡ
Щёȴ˵ӣһ֮ͬ񣬲ǰһ
õǵʱָϣǵʱǾңҲˡ
үǳŶЩһصȥһҲ첽׷ȥ
үӴӳ¥кһЩͻёŴŵӸվǵ
ƾЩں֮ڣҲһصΪУֱǳΣͶ˵һ·һɫļһŭǳ
˲ԣЩһص˵ϻûκôģΪѾĹԻ󣬿϶˵ʲôõģֻһ취ǽǾնɱ
ү꽣ٴθͷ֮ϣ죬³һ֣ɱ
Ȼֻһ֣ȴ޾ϺͰһŨɱӸүӿ
ԷЩһصˣȻڶ࣬һͷǸҸү֮ʵ޴һܵ˼ɢĿֲϢʱŵıɫЩСĻ
֮䣬үһɨǧͺɨ˳ȥһ֮վǰ߰˸ϵƤ׶һݺɫն䣬Ҳ׷ɳȥ
үһ֣ǸǷ˽źţһҲ˳ͬʱų˶ʦ֣ɱһѪ·
ʦһأϵڶƺһ㳯ǰ˹ȥ
үĸǰͷЩ󱲽
ŴĳҲͳ˹
Ȼ߽Ҳˣ˲ٴ棬ڶǱˮʥΧڱΧˣȴҲûнⳡ澪Ķǡ
Ѿǽƴһƴޱȵս
ҵɱһǰȺŨѪζڿ֮
ҿЩڵ֮Ͽٵߣ޴ɨܽһƬͷʹɨɳȥüͷʹΧһ˴ֻǰżӲޱȵۣ𲻵̫ãΨһԴΪ˳Ĳ࣬Դ沢ûۼ׸ǡ
ǣЩͷʹЩ˵ԴʱЩ˵Դնǰ˵ܻһʱȥ
˶һصЩ˿νǳ죬ԼϵƬƤף֪ɱǶˣǿ̹ǵĳޣ˽ҲǲҪһɱҲʮǿ
ЩёˣƲûʲôΪһёץסãһǵУͻᱻӲĴж˿顣
ӵʱ䣬֮ϱɵһƬˣЩёͰ˵ʬӶ࣬壬ܶ඼и֣үӵΪʵȲǼǰҲ̫ࡣ
Ҳ֪ĳж٣սһ̣಻ϵ˳ɱսš


2644 
۵Ļ߿϶ռƣߣиɵĸ;УܿӦøˡ
еȫһ𣬹ΧһصӦôﵽ
һصܶҲ٣ȷеҲ̫ǧеİɣǵۺʵҪǿ࣬Ͼһصרɱ˻
һ·ɱһ·ǰͻϮλүӵĴ֮£˲ϵǰƽ֮Ҳ˲ٹͷʹʬ塣
ёͣһֱɱǰ棬ڴĲɿʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һصȺͻȻһ϶һٵĳƽ
ڳ̫ңѾûпԷʲôˣȻ󣬾;һ֮ٵĳӶ
ϢʮϤԺ֮жʱֳһ˵֡
⵽֮ɱǰЩёٴε˴ù
һʱ䣬ʮё˱˱ӣצɱĶǰסˣѱһı
Щё͹ͣһ⣬ӵҲģʱ׷׺ˣ˵
ʦƺҲܵ˾޴ΣսȦ֮пٵ۷˻վҵǰһֱƺ
Ŷʦϻ⣬Ҳſ˸ղųˡ
Ϊ׵һʽһصܶһڲ֮ǰéɽ׽˳˵ʱ򣬻һܡ
ʱʩչ˷ˣˡ
ڵģӦƻָĲˣϡܹϻһİ̺ۣӦϴαҸ˵ġ
һ֮⣬һˣȺ˷һɫ磬νİ־ˣЩɫˣĳ֮ûм
֮ǰԳ˵һصܶ˰ΪȼЩͷʹ磬ֱΪȻϣΪȼɫһصܶΪڻܶĴڣһҲһصܶԪϼĸ֣һϳɾ
Щ۵ļһǱһվܸоǿϢԲǺöԸĽɫЩɫҲǺܶ࣬ԼҲһٶСĹƶҪʮˣȻҲȫǹͷ
һϴɫ磬һȽ϶࣬Լİˣվʯͷǿĵ·֮ϣ۾ɱĿǡ
һɫİͳ죬һ˴ʯͷǵġ
ǰͳ쳯վǰǿһۣɫ䣬ϻ̳ϿֵĸˡЩ˾ǲ֮ǰ´׽ĳ֮ˡôӳˣ
Щˣƾ־ܹ׽ֱǳΣǰĸֽ߽ܶ˷ն𣬶Ⱥ˱ǴʥΪеľף½Ǹ׽˶ԷļƻԵãϷ빦۾˰ͳ죬ȻѾŭա
֪ǶԷµȦףô˵֮ǰɶ򽩿ߵҲǸġһȫЩɽթĳ֮˸ɱˣһһ棬һ
ǲǰͳ˵꣬䣬ǰͳͷն
ͷһԣѪӿͳͷֱͦͦĵȥ
ҪǴɶ򽩿߱㲻ôʧܶķѪȫУҪ𣿡ûʬһ̧ۣͷ߿˹
ǰͳĲЩһصܶҲ۾ûգһ£һޱ飬Ѫ쳣
߿ʱҲڿ
Ŀ֮ʱǻ𻨴磬о仰˵ĺã˼棬ۺ졣
ǰҽһɱˣںҶȵʱҲӺҵŮ

ҿʱеǹŭһӾձȫ϶Ҳһ㡣
û뵽ǻôҵطҵĳǵģ۾ҵ
ûв͸ǽ֪ЩͷڹʲôطҲǳ飬ôɣܾϲɣѹŭЦ
֪ǻϷֻû뵽ô죬ǼȻˣǾ˾һ㣬˽ɡ
˵ţĿٴȺɨͻȻЦˣЦļΪɭáð塢ɳлёıʣǵĵǲС


2645 ͳͳɱ
һһ֣ĳ϶¶ηɫǰɳͻёıʣƺȻη壬ɱĿӡ
үη壬˵ģԭǴĳ˺ƽһֱల£Դһص֮ĳǾͳ˼˱ɱ֮һÿ껹Ҫ׳ʮӸǣɱ˻˾ȻǻƤƤ״ϣё˸ǽʯͷǣǴһ룬ĶⳤģûԣΪνõ߶ʧ߹³Ҳһصȡ
үһԭͷԵİͻёֳ˶־˭һЩһصȺˣﻹ̵ס
ɭɭһЦ˵ϣԶǿʳûб£ͻѹվλãҲĴɣ
ˣԴĳǾʹûи෢ˣҲѹκˣһصȴҰģռ˴ĳǣҪΪУ־棬Ҳֻǳ飬ϷҪǸһа̣Ҳ޺үӳ
ðȻôϷͳȫ㣬һصҽĳȫնɱһ棬ͳͳɱӴĳǾֻһصеĽָǡ

ЩһصĹͷʹ󺰣죡
ɱеĳ£ȳǳɱıЩ۵İ־
һããһƬӿ˹
һĴһ˦β;ͳЩ־ɨ˹ȥ
ǰǼ־ܣնеĽȫǰ˵ϡ
ԭ᲻ɴݵۣȻǼ־նˣ廹ն˺üء
Щ־Ϊܲ缸еæˣƴһѰɣҸү
Ͳˣƶ׳ˣ˵ţеĳһӣǽ϶ʱâʢˡ죬ӰããһƬͳЩ־ն˹ȥ
˵ֶξǱͭǮĳǿ棬ȻҲȱͭǮǿһƬӰɨȥâε۾Ϊʮǿİ־Ҳŵķ׷׺ˡ
ڶݵľ֮Щ־ܿӦ֮ߣʮ־˽󣬳֮䣬Ҳһ죬˵ĽӰһһ˳ȥ
ˣҲ־ˣƺŵ˼
Щ־־ɱʱҵĿһֱŲԶƺûҪֵ˼˶ɱ֮ҽֿҾֵһĻ󣬾ȻʮݴͣԴʨӵĽʬë
һͷһմȥľëѾˣξȻʮ
ЩëɱֲһҲЩľս
ԶӦǿҴʱı飬˵Ŀ⴩˵ɱٴײһ̣Цݳ֮⡣
֮⣬һĿ֮¶ɱͷŭ
ϴϷһУĳⱲ裬ȻǻҪúһµġңңĳ˵
ðϴûɱ㣬СӿɲҪˣôˣˣҼ
҆£һٵĴȺ֮Уҵߣһ㳯
һʱҾȻٴһľĸо
ֻһҾܹжϳһĲ̫һˡ
˵һαˣʱҲûжãӦòôòǣһΪûаһǿ˺ܶࡣ
һҲҽӣֻô߶ٰ˲һȥվļё˺˾͵ùˣǺ֮еĺֶ֮Щ˲Ͷ˱ӣվһ
Ǻ֮ǽ϶һĺ˿˿ð
һżһ棬̱ԱߵһӣתͷƥǻǸϴһ
ãϷд⣬첻СӵͷҲһصһˣҧгݵ


2646 ǧ
վʯͷһһ䷿ݶϣ಻ʮ׵ľ롣
ƥеĺͷų֮ӹһ
һƴʱпǳ˴һΣҸǵһз콫ɷڵء
Ӧ֪ڵѾҵĶ֣һȴҪҵȻ޿֡
֮ϵŭеĺһٴγ
һҲǷһƥƴһ
еĽһ𣬶ʱһɱ֮ĺ֮˹Ž˲ͽ˱ʧȥ֪һ㽫ǽ֡
ֻÿٵٰ˲ͬʱȼյеɢȫȵϢɵѸٵɢ澭һůȫɢĺ
̫Եˡ
һҸֵʱʵûôǿ
һӰų
⽣ֻּֿܲͣı任ŷλ㿪ɱС
ͬʱסҵ·ÿһҵӹȥ
Ҵ߶˵֮еڶ㿪֮Ҳһɫĺ˪üëסˡ
ķ֮ϣԶķλˣһƬ
ҲͰˣһͷȥʱ򣬷֮Ҳһĺðĺ
оΣСӱɣٺЦ
ƥû뵽żûˣΪҲͻͽǶĿ࿴ˡҵ
СӣҪ˵Ϊͻͽģ֮£ҲҲڶˣ̶̼ĹСӱڳһֵУϷһֱ㷴ǳ򣬽ʱգҪһصӪôʯͷǣҹĿ࿴
һصɻҲ˹һҪһصд棬аѹ
ЦаѹԶƭ˵İϷֻȭͷֵεģֻǿʵЩϲŻĽ£ѵ𣿡ֵ
ȭͷӲôٴξеĽ
Ӳɱ㲻⣬ԴϴϷ֮ܶԸϷˣһΪϷ򣬼ʹǷĽУҲκβϷˣЦ
һŹֲƥΪϴθô࣬ԭǰոˣһΪҪЩˡ
һжˣɱ֮ٽЩһնɱǲ֪ͨ˸ɵĸֹʥôҲãʡǳȥֱĳǽǸһˡ
˵ţϵļһð˿˿ĺţһǧУ޼ˮ
ɣΧųɭɭ֪Ӵĳǵĸطˡ¡¡һ죬һͷȥʱ򣬵ӳһڣһˮ𣬾죬߹
ҿƥ򹻺ݵģһͷŴУЩֲ
лûɣҽŲһ߶ٰ˲񱼶ȥ
ǵˮû֮ǰش
վԭأ΢΢𣬳Цֹ
ۿҾҪʱƥͻȻڳһֻ֣һ͵һƣһ쫷糯ϯǷ֮ϣԼٶһź˹
ܹ֮ܵ;ܵ¶˲½˼ʮȣǼǰҪɱӲɡ
ֻٴʩչٰ˲ˡ
һ飬Ǿ޴ˮĻѾƮȻͷ֮ϡ
еĺһǾ޴ˮĻڰֹ֮
ڵˣаɣ
һȣг
ͷǾ޴ˮĻʱѿССıֹǧķָʱߺȻ¡
ŵͷһ̧ͷȥĻϯأ˷ȫסˣ㶼ûеط㡣
ҲǷ˺ݣһҧеĽ꣬һ죡
ڵ߶˼£ȫ͵˽֮Уһ֮϶ʱһɫĻ棬𣬲ɫĻڰ֮кָܿŰ
Ըֻ֮ûƣҲ֪ߵܻܲɱС


2647 һ
վڻƵԲȦ֮УŽ꣬һֻŷ߳Żϵɫյʢ
ոսҸ಻죬ͺ˱һǾԱ±ֲˡ
ȻɫĻڽзӡ֮´ֵ߳ģȼճɫĻҲǷ𣬿϶ȶʦϵɫĻϣ϶ᱻϵĻΡ
ԽԽıɫĻϣ޾һ㣬Һܿ͸ܵһĪѹܻƵĻԽԽСˣҲӵĳ
ֹ˺һĲµЩоϡ˲٣Ҷʱһ
ߵɫĻбһ㣬оʱҪϨӡ
һ޴ΣͻȻ˹Ұһ⣬ŽͷһøһѽԺһ
һŵʱɢҸղżӳֻҲ˲ٵͻȻϮЩмܲסײ֮ʱһ¾ͱķ˳ȥ
˫֮˼еĽٴӹһż֮ǽ˱ȻŽҲһ㺮ȫһıӡ
յղͬնյһΪҲǰ׸ġ
ߵĵ֣һȫˣͻһɿãˣҲԲὫһΪ͸
һ֮ĪЩѵСүҪսвɣ
ϴҲŪһ϶Źҵġ
ǲһ̣Ҿǲġ
ס֮һһһδ߶˻֮䣬ĺʱһأȵϢѸڻת
СӣϷΪСӳ˴һ㣬ͻͽ̶̼ٳɣֹеʱ֪ˣϻ˵Ϸ·ҪȥǼ϶
˵ţһӣٴγҿɱ
һʾὣȥƴ
ʱбһâʹ˹һ㶣ֱһôǽâ֮ϣ˳ȥ
æһϻ֪ʲôʱסɳȥϽ𲧣ź˺üˤڵϡ
ȥ϶ΪǰŶûôˣҼǵϴδ϶ͷܣƵˮﲻϻǳĳ˵ţС鲽ٵĳ˹
СţаĲɿ㵹Уܵ϶һģ
ҳϻһۣСѾѪ߰ߣӦôҲ쳣ҡ
϶ȷΪ˺ܶ࣬˵ǰմһΪһЩסˡƵ
ǵʮˣ϶һΪ죬Ҿ;㲻ƥĶ֣֣ղʱ򣬾Ϳ϶Ū˺ộСӿ϶ԲкٺЦ
˵õĸ϶ʲôȥæɣò㡣
֮ǰԼȻЩסҲʳԶʣ˵͵һдûüãһ治Ҹɲ
վڲԶЦ˵ġһϣԼ˵ҲմϷıˣҲýֹ
˵ţһڣű־Ǳӵݶ־֮⣬Ȼëվ
һҺϻɵˡ
ϻ𡭡͵ûвƾʲôһģһȥҡ
˵ţϻתҪ뿪
С治壬һ鷳Ҫ
ȻʱϻѾˣ־һֱӵסϻȥ·
ҪҴĸ֪ҾͲʦӦţҾûͦõġϻҪ޵ĶˣƵĲС
ȻˣôףСͺɣ־˵ţ㽫ϻ
ëҲ첽ϻΧм䡣
ţϷ֮ھܽնɱǲţ˵
үţȣɱ˵˵УͻȻһ飬Ǭ˱һ˳ϻţһ϶ó


2648 ı
еĶǱģǼϴʬҲͻȻôһ
ʬȻֻһΣ֮Ҫܳһʱſ´ʹãҾⶫЩߣһҲ벻ûǷʬ߱ȽϺʹһЩ
нӹʬͷҵСţզð
ܼ򵥣߶ɡҵ
ðɣ֪ҾͲˣⲻǸԼ鷳ôϻεҡҡͷ־ë˹ȥ
־Ͳ˵ˣһصܶһĸ֣ƽ䶼ھʮϣΪ϶ͲˣëéɽʱʶǵĺѶԸ
Һϻѱֻรˡ
ڽʬϻ֮һҧֱӻüģȡһξѪģһ߶˾Ѫ֮
ʱΪҲòһУѸٵҵΪнɷĿԡ
Ҵ߶ѪҲûйֹֻǵ˵Ϊ߶ѪܴôΪٵֶΣҲֻǳһʱ֮°ˣֻɵӲŻô
үģСүֶβһˣһβΪ˱
֪ҵĵǱģǶ˾ѪָҲ߿Ϻܶ࣬˺Ҳ͡
⾫Ѫ߶֮󣬴ӵ֮жʱһȵůѿܹоΪ˴ȵ
ţҴһŽͳǱ߳ɱ˹ȥ
ֻ˺Ҷƴ
߶Ѫ֮ϿʼŨɷڶ⾫Ѫ֮ȷǰԵ
Ǻ֮ӹʱ򣬶Ƶɷ˳ȥ֮ǰࡣ
㣬ҸоʱҸʵҲڲ֮䣬Ҳûǿ٣治֪ǰվ͸Ϊ
ڵİջûȫָ֮ǰʮΪؼʱ򣬻ҪһΪҲƴˡ
ܹǿֵסǻǱ߾ԵЩˡ
ĹȥǱĸѲ
ϻǱ߸һ־Ӵ㱻ϼһˣëͬʱ˻֮ϻӷƮڲϺ˵ͬʱϻʬ˳һë˹ȥһɫĹâ˲佫ë֣Ȼ󷢳һ죬ë㱻˳ȥֱͦͦĳȥ
ʬŵҲȱ㣬ȱֻʹһΣŵʲôʬֻҪʬĽâ֣ȻܵشʬԸǻƺʬҲܹס
ϻмܲסʱֻһѽϵ·¶ϵһ֮£ʱŭĿճһ䵶һֳͭսţס־
ˣлǱһֻë׷ڷĴܣëٶȺܿ죬׷ϻ󺰴УͻȻ䣬ë𲻶ˣһſ˵ϣϳ˳ë룬һۿЩëҪ˷ɢȥ
ͻȻס˽Ų͵һתʬٴ˳һҧָѪĨʬϡ
ϻѪɲһѪǸ֮⣬Ǹͯӣ϶ûģⷨǿ󣬾Ѫӳ֣ʬٴαһŸ貵ĽâǾë˹ȥ
һΣëϵĳëۿŶҪˣӲıʬָ˻ȥ顱һ죬㱻ʬɳȥʮԶ
ŭĿղס־ʱ򣬻ٶȺܿ죬Ǹʬɳȥë񱼶ȥ
ڸֵͬʱҵĿʱʱĶϻǱߵŲ
ǰϻܹסģϾһս
ϻܿ쵽Ǹʬ˵ëߣëʬڣûйҵ
ϻͻȻϽ𲧸˳һ¿ëϣ˫ֺʮĬһξģԶҲ֪ʲôҲǰӵĹ⾰ëֹͣ˶Ӧǹҵ˰ɡ
ֻϻһűһƺߣһԵ˵ϣлһѪ
Ȼұ㿴һշ౻־ӰΣƮ˻еߣ˽ȥ
һշҲΪ̡
ϻ
ҾһһҪŻǱ߶ȥĺһ˦ٴεҵǰ
ϷͻȻָıˣôʹ죬ϷҪĿֵѣһǰоӦúܲɡЦ


2649 ϻ
ϻѪˣƵŭĿϻǣһŭĿյαΣ˵ϻܵشղһѪܴ¡
ҪҪȥϻҵǰ棬Ҹ޷ϻ
ŭһеĽ곯һ͹콣һнһеĳȥһ͹ҲܹƵ˼ûл֮סҵȥ·ҿС
ٴ۽ǵ⳯ϻȥʱ򣬷ϻһŭĿյķҲܵشһâϻײ˹ȥոմӵϻ΢΢һΣѪٴδ˳ɫһƬҰס
ˣϻҪͦסˡ
ļ٣쳣ԽˣԽٳüβеĺи˵޷С
ûϽϻϻͦסˣһ߸ƴɱһ˻ߵĴ
ⷿϣսһƬҵܿͱĴĺɱûˡ
־ϻˣ׷űͳϻɱȥԽԽ
־Ϊǿ󣬱˵ϻҸ־ԵУʮ֮ڶһܸſǣ˵ʱϻˡ
ļ֮䣬֪ǺõʱͻȻ䣬ɺɷһð˳־ϯ־ۿžҪϻڸܵɺɷв֮޲׷׺ˣɷϮ
˺˼һ÷ɺɷһһӡֱɺɷƽˡ
˭һ־ȵ
ʱһһΣ˷߲ǱˣҼСȣСѾͷǸ۵Ŀͳϣһֱû
ͳ죿㾹Ȼܶ棿һ־ŭ
磬㿴ˣͳ첢ûбܶ棬屻˶ˣͳǸ˦ɺɷϵĹܲ򵥰һ˵
ʲôɱ˵ղǰ־ŭ˵ţὣϡ
Сһѵϻǰ棬һ߳˳ɱȥһߴ塭ߣסǡ
ϻûƵģӵֱ֮˸ӡ΢΢ı۾оˡ
ʱˣϻܣƸƨˡ
аգҲϻܣϻǲ
ղҴ˹ϻ϶ûʱҲżûа취ˡ
ȻСȸͨڸܵҵ֮󣬱ǰ֧Ԯ
ֻСȲݸֹﻹԣƴɱԵþЩˣͳҲȫϡ
ڱ־Χʮ֮󣬲ϵģСȸǸͳ챻һ־һؿڣǿͳѪ¾͸ˡ
ʧȥС̱һɺɷƮڻеǰ档

־Ǻ۹⣬һ۾ʶСȵݡ
ɲ򵥣ΪУڶһұۣһ־֮˸̰Ĺ⡣
ãȽ˵һ־
˵ţһεĳСȥ
С˫ѪɫɷƣĬ˿ھһɹɵĺɫ˷ڶ
־һ㶣֪ʲôǻعʱǵѾ˺ܶɫ׵Ĺϰ֮ڣ־Χˡ
ϣСֶβٻ˴Ⱑһ־˵ţ˳ɱСȣЩСȵǣ֮£һѷĳ־ͳȥ
ֻ־̫ǿˣЩǵĽ¸סУһӿ֮䣬㽫ЩĻҷ
㣬ЩҲֵܹһСȶʱٴλɺɷ־ƶȥ
ߵס־ʱϻһӣҲ֪ڸʲô۶ӣֻȥѰһ۾ʦıӻͰȫˡ
ѵϻ˵ܵûˣ
˼ʱͻȻĸݶ۽ǵһƲʱŵĻˣ⼸ȫǰ־첽ϻķȥ
ϻѾĸϽܰҼĳϻ
Ǽ־ٶȺܿ죬ϾҪϻˣʱϻͻȻ۾ĸ־һۣһѽϽ׵ͷ֮ϣϽ𲧽âƣγ˷ϣи


2650 ˷
ۿЩеĽҪڻϵʱϻķ˲ɣǼϵһ¸˳ȥ
ϻϽ𲧼֮󣬲ΡΡĴӵǻʺѪҲϴǴѪ
ϻ̫ˣʵϻϵеڷֻŭĿվ͵꣬͵ػꡣ
Ҫκʽ˺˶Ҫء
ԶԶĿϻĲסﲻʲôæ
ΨһܹϻСȣҲ־סˡ
Щ־ΪǿЩ˵Ϊϻ߰׻ϣЩ˽ӽ֮ǰΪ
ϻ˷ϣԼϽ𲧱Ψһ̡
Ͻ𲧵ϱˣϻƾҪС
ɱӵĲңһͰչǹ޷ˡ
һϻҲ
һǲǿԼֵܺѶ޷ȫ
ϻڵļ٣޲öһԼȥϻ
ϻ𣬷֮ҲޱȣάֳķҲû֮ǰǰǿǳɱĸ־֮󣬺ܿٴξ£һ𣬻еĽǷ֮Ͽȥ
Ǽ־ΪеĽҲɷڣʴŷϡ
һһĳŷϿȥڷ֮еϻҲҡΣѪ˳ʳ
ǷϸˣֻеһɫܣоʱҪӡ
ĸ־æһŭɶͬʱͣһָϻƿڴͺб¸ҳڹʲôͣ
˳ģϻ۾Ȼ壬ĸ־ɨһۣޱȵ˵Ѿġб¾ͽ
һڣѪʱٴι
ϸ缸ͺŲסˣЩֶΣϾ͸Ƶˣһһϣ
һ־˵ţһŷϻķ˹ȥ
ǷϾҵһϻۡһһѪ
Ҳ֪Ǹ־õʲôϻķʮЧ˷׷Ч£˷㳯Ƿ˹ȥ
żȥϻѾſ˵ϣѪǴڴڵ˳
ϻڼ֣ҧӲͦš
ۿǷϾҪѿʱϻΡΡĴһ˫ֺʮ֮䣬ʼ˾ġ
һޱȵĽâ֮翪뵶ǷϺֽǿʢ˲١
⵱֪޳֪̱ʯ⣬ˮݣ֪ƺв壬ƺܹ̰˴󺣣Ψܵ˰û
ϻڵϣ˫֮нһâ貣翪ϳֵķƮɢȥԴ˼ӳǷǿ
Щ־ŷ֮ĳķڷϵӰҲԽԽС
ϻ˫֮мŵĵʲô
æ֮Уҿʼ˼ܿüĿˣüǰȥһʱԸĺĸ֣ʱһϵõһǽ̺𷨣ͨϻ˲ٷΪŻ᲻֮䣬ϻֽ˳Լӳ֣˺ܴá
ϻз𾭵ٶԽԽ죬ӵĻֺ룬һʼһУƬ̣оȫŷ˷ǻƺƴĳȣб
Ƿ𷨵
ϻз𾭵ϴƴоЩ꣬ҲЩ˷磬֪ģзԽԽĲ
ֹƬ̣ǷϱӳֵĽâ貣޼᲻һ㡣
ϻ˫֮ųĺããһƬҶӰˡ
Ȼ䣬ǰâͻȻʧˣһâϽ𲧾ֱһ־˹ȥһײ˵ؿ֮У˳ȥ֪
Ǽ־Ҳ֪ʲô飬ŵķ׷׺ˣһĪ
һ֣ϽַɻУĪͷԵǣϻͻȻһƿ˸ӣ˹һȸɡ
ôģôôľżǰôߣȻһУ˷µ˷
˵ţϻƿһˤ÷飬ٴôģʲôƣôѺȣûСĵĺúȣŮ졭Ѿϱӵˡ


2651 ͻȻ
ҲǰϻЩİĪ˲ɣղűЩ־ĶֹҵˣͻȻ֮ȫԭԭ֮ϻΪǿ˺ܶ࣬һͽһ־ĺ޻֮
ҲͰˣһһƿ׾ƣ˵Լ˷µ˷С˸ˣ
ؼһﻹҵү磬͹Ů졣
ȵȡм䵽׷ʲô飿
ϻָΪԼӳַϣͻȻͱӡ
֮ǰϻתĸɮѵϻͨඥԼϱӵ飿
Ҳ˵ʱϻϱӵϻغˣôڵΪǲҲⱲӵΪϱӵΪغأ
Ҳ˵ϻѾӵΪʱϻӦӡ
ͻȻıʣ˸ƴľ裬ͷϻһۣԵЩԾ⡭ôͻȻôǿҵķ֮
Ҳоϻ쳣ϻˣԵķ֮󳹴ԼΪһ磬ͬʱҲԼǰ
һǳõ飬ڵ쳣
Ǽϻŵĺ˼İ־˴˶һۣ֮ɻͲȻʱϻŻˡ
ϻԴĿǰܻе£Ĺһۣ񾭲Ƶ˵ѽѽģôģУӵúú룬ôģôģԴЩۡ
ϻϱӹҲǸаɣˣ໰ſھûһɮķ緶һҪ֡
˼ԴϻͻȻأ߶ˣⱲǰ̨ɽ۾ʦ£ģһصܶĳǣôģһȦֻһƲǰգҲǹùġ
ܿ죬ϻ̧ͷ˲ԶǼ־ֵ˵Ǽϼһô˹ͷ˧𣿿һǵԴ򵽹һɣ
Ǽ־۵СۣǵΪ϶Ҳܸоϻʱı仯Щӡ
һ־ҧһϣͺûȫѣ
˵գ־Ծеķϻȥ
ϻһؿڣһͻȻһһЩεӰӰʵٶȺܿ죬һưŽȣһɫɮۣȫǲ仹һ«һģǴһ˿Ц⡣
ʵʣһ㣬ȴһ㵭ĺ⡣
ģôǼùУʮ޺֮һĽ޺
λչĶеһƴ
־һϻߵļùУŵҲһ㶣ӲͷƤҲˡ
˲䣬־ͳ嵽ϻߣɣϻҪ˹ȥ
ϻ˽ħƣ־ƴ
ǽ޺ͻϻߣеưŽȻ֮䣬ϻסһɱУʱϻΪȫһˣ࣬־ƴɱ˿·硣
Ȼ䣬һƺߴǽ޺ðŽȴһ־ؿڣϻǰһǰ־ţϻ֮ǰ˵Ҫǰ־ԴĽˣ׾٣һȥǰ־ӾͰһأԴ˲ǻֱͦͦȥ
һ־֮ʣµ͸ˣǽ޺ϻһ˶Ըһֱһм֮
ڸƴʱ򣬶ʱЩң۾ʱʱĳϻǱɨӶȥ
֪ĵʲôǺϻ־֮󣬹һԸ
Ҹڲ֮䣬˭Ҳò˭ϻһǾȫһˡ
СǱߣսҲʮּңС֮ǰϰٸɫ׵ĹѾ־Ĳˡ
Сڸƴһ֮ͻȻһɺɷһ־ǰ־һʱֱͦͦĵ˵ϣŷ
Сȴɺɷܹ˵꣬һܸʴ˵塣
ǰ־ɺɷɣ۵شϻð˰ɫŨ̡
СһǲɱģǽƼˡ
ΣСȻǱЩ˸ŭˣôǴĻҷ
ʣµһ־ͬ鱻СȽˣ֪СȵĶ֣æһӴܣݶԵ־ֵܣʮˣһѣ
⻰һСԼ㻯һɺɷ˺Ĵ˽ȥ


2652 ֵ
ȸղŲһ־ҲУǻһȻ˱ɵȥڳɷֳޱʹ֮ɫȻ֮зֱʳѪ
ʱСȲŴǰ־˳һ֣ЩʣĹȫһâԼ֮С
־꣬Сȿ϶ûгԿһΪͣǵҲʮǿˣСȵĵйҪ
Сȸո־֮󣬾ѵϻǽ޺һ𣬽Χ־Ҳˡ
ϻ֣Сһ߿ٵıϮ
˵ϻ㽫еϽ𲧳˹ȥϽһ׳㷢˵죬ԽԽ󣬺Хžײ
󾪣ĳһǷȼ֮󣬻һźӶҸо϶ʲôöæһԶ
϶úгϻϽ𲧴˹ȥһ½Ͻ𲧸˳ȥ
Ųһϻһֽ֣Ͻ𲧸С
СӣסôϻҿһۣЦе˵
վԭأ㶵ĿϻЩɵʵϻ˷㻹ϵô
ϻһЦ˵ѾģɻҶʶ㣬Ӽ˷ҲģֻͬʱӵļˡⱲֵܣôֻЩңһҸүϵܺãҲͣǳͦ񣬻֮䣬СӾ磬ŪӶʹˡ
ү˷ϻֵܣȸɵƥ˵ҵ
ȸɵ˵ϻЦǰ󣬽м䡣
ʮֵģЩ˸ˡ
ҿһۣ֪ʲôͻȻƾɱңˣ
ܲɱ㣬˵ϻ
⧲ǣ˵ŻͻȻͳߺɨһһźâӭ֮һˮȻ˲ɱһƬ裬ϴ
һֵʱϻҲŶˣǰϽٴγϴȥ
û룬ֱһǽâһƯڰ֮УϻĿѡ
ͻȻƾʧˣתۼһݶ֮ϡ
ѾģƥʼʩҪ
ϻϽĺУǺжʱһǱ߷˹ȥ
ǧϼһˣϽ׷к
׷̫ԼϻЦеߵҵߡ
ҳķһڸƴֿϻһۣߵǽ޺һʶӰסıǻĽ޺
ʱַСҲˣӦҲ׷ȥ޺һԸ
£ܲˡ
ƴɱɼңߺɱҽһվڷ棬ҳһֱһƬ˼ʬĵǣĹҲ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
ֻǴԵɨһۣоߺѾˡ
Էİ־һٶ־Ҳкüٸһصܶǿһ
λǰһܶԸʮ־ҾþѾǿˣϾǰ־ҲǳصġһͰչǣ־ɱЩʤϡ
ԣҳ濴ȥʱ򣬷˴඼ǴĳҷƵѾҪ˳˳⣬һصڣƲɵǷӦʱ򣬾Ǵĳѡ
ֲһصһֱܹѹסĳˣʵĺǿ󣬼Ҳ㲻ʲô۶ӡ
Ҳ֪éɽƽ̴ĸɵĸֵôʱˣǻûиϹٲĻ˾Ͷסˡ
еǵĲУǻҪǰ鷳˲ǣ˵
ܿ죬Һϻ㳯ķɱ˹ȥ
һǸҪߣϻֱӽеϽһףϽ𲧶ʱ˰֮УԽԽ󣬷֮˹ȥγһźܴķϣǼȫҲ
ϻ˼һɣϻԴ򿪻ڣҪȻӲȥ
ڣֻҪҺϻԸĵס
һɣСȶʱʹѵһҹ̻ɺɷҵ֮С
Ҳѹ֣֮ͶԹżĿƣϽ̨ɽɽ֮


2653 ƴһѰ
񻨺нͻȻѣϽܹӳķ֮޸ӵʢ
κǿķߵΪܹӳҲԽӵǿ
СΪܹϽ𲧵֮û̻ɢѾʮǿˣһҵ֮УҾܹԵĸо֮ɢս
˵СŸ磬Ͻɢķ̫֮ǿˣҸ޷ֵҪȻɢġ
ҸС˵û¶ͺúõĴţҺ㻨ܹɱ˴ˡ
СûӦ֮
Ͻ𲧽סˣһԲʮ׵ľ룬վҺϻĶ棬һǽ޺ʥʹŰŽȣϹŸϻһģһЦݡ
˵⽵޺ԸϻмƣһȾƳ⣬Ƕڷ𷨵򣬲һɮܹ͸ġ
ν⴩ϻ˵һ仰
ס֮Щֵĳܿһۣһֱˣ˵ǷϱԵʱ򣬻ųǷһơ
ϼһܿƽһƣǴһ޻ϣûƿϡ
֮ǰԼˣ˵ҪôˣҪǡ塯֣ѵҪʳԶ𣿡ҵ
ޣгһڣҲҪ˭Ϲײİαˣ˵壿ղôô־Ըңų˽ʬëô˵壿
ϻ˵ҿ㻹ܡҾ˽꣬׼
úúãΪϷǲɣƴһѰɣҲ˺Уʱ磬ڷ֮У޾ĺ̫ôˣҺϻסһ
Ҫƴˡ
˭˭ҾͲˣҺϻɲһֻһСΪ͵ġ
Ѿġ
ϣкһһż콣ʽ㳯ն˹ȥ
ŭǶˣеĺһһǰͻȻһصı飬ܣǼǱ֮ϣıмɡ
϶ڷ֮ڣúıԼסˣҲŪһϳ
ʩչ˼ʽûнƿ
ں֮УͻȻ΢˫Ŀк˫֮䣬пٵĬ˿ھ
Ŀھһ߶ҺϻоˣеӰ֮£֮ȻˣҺϻΪԳܣǵķһ߶ͻȻĸˣ䵽˾Һϻ߶ϵ޷֮
ҲɲǼĹҺϻ϶һ㺮üëͷסˡ
˫ֶúû֪һ㡣
ôô䣿
һűҪֹƥھУҪȻҺϻҪ
һ̣ҲŽеĽʩչһлʽʱӽ֮һɫĻڷ֮лһȦ
ϵĻһڳʱǹ֮ɢ˲٣Һϻо滺ࡣ
ǻܻһȦűȥסһصĺ
ҾΧĺҲͨı飬ͨı飬һл㾦һżйȥҲֻǱ֮ҳ˼ɫİߵ㡣
Χűת˼Ȧ֮󣬵Ǻڻ˲٣ɫĻȴ΢
ǻһϨҽǰһƻŴƵʽصǱ֮ϡ
֮䣬ϸСĵڱϹټܹΪü
⺮ڵֵסҴһ
ʱͻȻ۾ЩݵĳҿһۣҸоЩ⣬æϻ˺һֻֿٵ˼շ䣬ϣ׷׵Һϻǰ档
ҿҾⷬٶ
Ϊһ̣Щ޴ıͻȻѿȫ˱ӣ߱˹ȥ
Щһ³ĺüϣҺϷȫ˳ȥ
ղŲ֪ʲôֶΣֱǿˡ
Һϻ˷֮ϣӻͻȻһб㳯ҵĿ˹
̫ˣЩ£ʱϻͻȻһѽƿȴֹȥĺת˹ȥ
СӲҪ𣿣


2654 ҪĲ
һɱУҺϻȫ˳ȥҺϻӷ׷ײ˷֮ϣٶȿʯĿʱϻһƿңֳĺץ˹ȥ
ڰ֮Уͷȥʱ򣬶ʱʧɫпһϻȥӣֱǲҪˡ
ֹͿϻһץסǰѺС
ϻһеʱ϶ʱһ㺮ǺҲĸ̴ˣȻֱϻؿڡ
ۿǺоҪ̴ϻʱϻǸ޺ͻȻһ࣬ưŽȣͳϴȥ
һжҪˣֱӳһ
ǱưŽȴ˼һƺߣƥһΣóߵ˹
ʱҵأովȽŸ֪Լˣʱ˽꣬˫ƣ˹ȥ
ͷһۣ۵ľ֮ɫû˷ҲǱ޿ɱܣֻҲ˫ƣ˹
зݣԺиǰģסһ
Ҫˣ
䡱һ죬ҵ˫Ƹ˫ƶײһ𣬷һը졣
϶͵һһɾ޴˴Һ߿ٵĳɢȥϳŷϣǷˮһѡ
˶ƴҴûгԹΪܹΪȥ̺֮ƣ֮䣬Ҳܱǿɱ
ɱкϲһɱ͸ˡ
Թ˫ƺ赵ĴҪû˷ȲѣԲһƣӵĻңһƣҲҪ˰
һƺߣһƾͱұ˳ȥڱɳȥʱһܼĵ
һƣҸǺޱʮʮ
ڵΪҲϹӿҲ˺ü˫һ顣
ݼţҸ˷һһ룬ϢĻᡣ
ոײ֮ϣұһٰ˲˹ȥٴλ˫ƣ˹ȥ
֮еľָȻҲòӲٸҹС
һΣǻ˫ƣٴθҶԺ䡣
䡱һ˫ٴδһ˵ΪһζԺ䣬ϴ֮ǰԶˡ
ۡһһѪһͱһĳ˷֮⡣
ܹƣƥ϶Ųסˡ
зŭ쳣Ժ֮вϸֳǰһĻűǵ˹ȥ
ƥɱҵŮˣҪ㳥
Уһ˳ȥ˹صԵʣֻ΢΢̧ȴƹ֣һڻؿڡ
飡һ죬ٴײ˷֮ϣʱɫ࣬˫۳Ѫ˿˴Ѫ֮⣬ӺͶҲдѪ˳
ƣϴûκλ֮
ģ廬˵ϣؿھҵţܼϸСĵϹʶѪһƬѪˮ֮͸˳
ˣһͿأƥΪֱ޷ԽĸɽȻȴҲ˽¡
һվߣ֮ǰʲôҪ˵ģ
ʶȥЩ룬òײתͷңͻȻҼѵĴЦһЦʳѪˮ͸ˡ
⡭⡭Ϸ򡭡ֻǱһѡܶܿͻȫɱ⣬ϷڻȪ·ڵ㡭Źġҧгݵ
ԲĻᶼûУֻܴңɢ
˫ſٵĴ߶˺ϴ辭һץڵϵ屻˺ϴ辭ţӵƯȻǣһѾץסĲӡ
϶֪˺ϴ辭ֹǴңҲܹ֮еķߺ֮ɫٴα˾֡
⡭һʹġѵ˵
ҪĲһЩ
Ҿܾ߶˺ϴ辭ϵƥΪȻˣһٶΪȴ̺ڡ


2655 Ѫ
ҾӦ˺ϴ辭ɵ˵УΪߵһˣû֮һ
ڵ翪բĺˮϳڱӿӲ
Ҿһؤ˵һζǰϵ̻ʣѴ͡
ԶԶϵڻ۶һֱŬңǱ˺סˣҪôף˳ӣ͸ӵĲˡ
ò˵ϼһܹһصһ֮λΪǿһʼҹеʱҸүѹ֮УΪҸүȣǲһЩġ
ʮӣôһʱ䣬Ÿɱȥ۾ʧĿңҪӡԺ֮һ㡣
޼£ɣ
ֹƬ̣ųһӲŻ˿ݹǣȻҷ
ڽƥɱˡ
ˣ
вûһ˿֮С
ӣҸ㱨ˣЩɱȫɱˣѪҲڿĿ˰ɡ
һ̣Ҳ˵ΪʲôĪ
һҲŷӦ˻У͵͵ĽĨɾתͷϻϻʱڵϣ˫ֺʮǽ޺ҲѾӰӦֻصڡ
ĹһۣǷҲˣϽ𲧾Ͷ˷ϻߣȴҲ֪ʲôʱϻ˻ȥ
ϻڵϣźĺ˪üë϶˱
ڷԱõĺУմȾϻϵѪ
ϻ㻹ܳס𣿡һ
ϻƤûзһ£ڷ
ȥһϻļæָֽ˻̫ˣ̹ǣҽʱ򣬷ҵҲ˺˪ֻҲû֪
ղһǱҪȥģǺд̴ϻģ֮ȻǽѪ֮Уϻˡ
˿Ӧ÷֮ڳײĺ֮⡣
ҪȻϻѾ˱ӡ
뵽ٴζ׵ϻߣĥŰ취
֮֮ѪڶⶼҪɱԸ֮Ҫ֮ڵĺ⡣
ʲô취أ
ܹ߶Ĵ֮Ӧþֻд˰ɡ
̺ı⣬ÿԿϻڵ֮
ѲҪϻһƣһϼô죿
ʱҪѦСͺˣ϶а취
ЩʱϻһЩܲ˪ѾˣϹӣ촽ҲУƵҲࡣ
Уٵˣٹһϻıɱˡ
һƵϻ˫ƻӶ߶˴ƣֻ֮϶ʱݺᣬž졣
߶˼µʱұ㽫˫ķϻĺ֮ϣ߶ӿϻڡ
ҽ˫Ʒϻĺϵʱ򣬻һɱ֮Ӷҽⲻעϻʱ֮ȴ˻ȥ
ʱϻҲʼϸСĵܲĺʼڻ˺˪˪ֱð˳ӵĹ⾰ϻϵĺűȫɢ
˴ƣϻţϸܵһ˿¶ȡ
֮ǻˡ
û뵽ǣϻȷһᣬֱſ˵ϡ
һæϻʹϻϻѾûзӦ
ҸļˣֱסУҲʮĹϻͻȻһҵĿ
ϻСˣɿϻ˵
ϻ۾һۣͻȻ֮ǰҴЩ׵ҵүģղǲǴˣ
һ㶣ڨڨһЦЩ˵ûаû򡭡
ûҵôۣүү綼ıϹϾ㾹ȻҴĵ㣡ϻŭ
Ѿ˷ϻ񾭴˰ɣƵ
ϻǰ˷ѽ˰ˡС˵ˣҲеңֲǰǽˡ
һ£ϻֵǸƥ򱻸ɵûУ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ɵˣ˺ϴ辭Ļҷ𡣡
ѽѽүһܲһͽ˴ңҿү˵˺ϴ辭Բô̵ġϻ


2656 ս
ǿԲֻΪƥɱҵŮˣšһ뵽ЩҾЩ
ϻȫˣϳһƲԼĴ˿ϣȻͷһۣ񾭲һĺٺЦϣСȦͨ죬ղǲèˣñӦÿĲǣѾĿʲô
ϻ˶ߣֻǾһΣͺӣ֪ղҾͲˣһӣ۾ңһֱǷǷġ
ϻһЦ˵˰ˣˣղСӵһȷӦǴ߶̺ںеı֮ҪľѣӵǰΪֿס˱֮ʮ֮ǰ͹ҵˡ
ѾܱܲһһĵģŪҶ񾭴ˣϻҳӣղҪҾ㣬͹ҵˣܸܲлһңƵ
˭˭˵ʲôллĶףðɣⱲϻҲˣԺ󲻸ǰǡ˵ţϻ֣˵콫ҷӻЩʹҪһ
һѽϻקϻٴ´ң˵ղҿ㶯˾Ѫ֮ΪԪģȥôãСܳס𣿡
ҪϻѣҲˣҸղǶ˾Ѫ֮ҽƥһٶΪȫ˸ɸɾ֮У϶ΪֲҶþѪ֮Ŀգұ㽫¶ϻ˵һ¡
ϻͷ˵ͺãһҪɣջûгء
һյͷһҲ֪ʲôʱĳģɱһƬռڱչУ϶ҲҪס˰ɡ
СţţԺ˵áϻĺмݸҵ
Ҫɶ˾ǡҲм
ܼӣ⺮пһķǽҲ˶٣ϽŵǬ˱ңʹ㲻ãǻõڣýӸˣ϶ǮϽţ
ϻ˵ţǿнǺҡ
ҿϻٺһЦϻֻˣԵӣϻ
תһ룬ȷҲǣ⺮ж˿ϧԺ͸˻飬˶
ǣұ㽫ǺǬ˱֮УҲռ˶ĵط
߰ɣôˡϻסҵĸ첲ſӿݣݶһȥ
ߵܱһƣɵȫһ
Ҳ֪涷˶ãѾҲ̶ˡ
ʯͷǿĴϣü׵ľ룬ȫǺ˵ʬ壬ǴĳˣǻёͰࡣ
ȻǰˣȴһƤףһصܶЩǿ߿⣬ԵЩ԰
߿һۿͷȫˣұ߿ҲһͷȫһصܶɫĹͷʹ
ҷ˲أԷİ־־ֱһǰ
ĿһҿҸүǼǰߵµ࣬ΧŵĸҲġ
Ĺ򣬵ߵİ־жʮ־ϰ٣־ͺ־֮ģҲж١
ֻǿǼλǰӣԵѾЩƣ
ͻȻ䣬үһȫ󳷣˳ʯͷǣ
һ󺰣˵ź𹦣￪Ӧö
峤壬ҲҸүվһҸүĻҲ˳ʯͷǣʮּС
ǵĻһͰչҲǷ׷׺ˣŻ⣬ҿѾȫѪһ㡣
ֲ޷ԮҺϻҪ߸Ӳҡ
һˣһص˱׷ᣬ˳ʯͷǵ϶в˱ڵأҵʬ
ļǰͰչǸӦƴֿסӿǱߵĹͷʹ
ٴηų˴Уеĳһ˦ӰЩͷʹϴȥ
Щͷʹ֪˶ƣӲӵģһƬǽĶ죬ʱסǷ׷ɱ
Ϊһ˦֣Ȼ£Ƕƴķ飬һصǱҲһ
ⶼǹؼǼǰΪʱ½סԷ׷ĴоҸүǱߡ
ҪȻҲЩͷʹɱ˳ʯͷǡ
ѾµˣܼȺʺ϶һУǾ콣еѪơ
Ѫһ£ʯͷУ˭ӵĳȥأ


2657 
λǰԷųУ½סЩͷʹķԴȡʱЩ˾쳷ʯͷǣͬʱҲҸүȡʱ䣬ųѪƵĴг
һƴλǰȥԵöЩƣԴʯͷǣҲһֱûţɱľ޴
ЩͷʹΪҲʮǿλǰȫʩչȫԷǺηǰɱ
Ѫƣ
ͻȻ䣬ҸүһȣͷͻȻƹǺƺֱܿ˻һ㣬ѪƯ˵ͷ֮ϡ
һĺɫ磬
վڷϵҶ۾ˡ
ҳͷϿһۣһסϻߣǶ㣬һѪҲסᱻʴһ̱ŧѪġ
ϻҲ֪ѪƵƬ̵ĵ飬󣬳ųŵķԾȥ
ǵθһ뿪һըױͷ̧ͷȥʱ򣬷ͷǻɫҵתſ磬ѪҪǮƵĳʯͷеЩͷʹ¡
Ѫ£֮죬һŵİ̶
ȻЩܼĹͷʹľۼĵطϴ˲ҽ֮
Ѫһ˵ϣܹ˸ʴһ̯ŧѪǿỹҪֲ
ãҺϻܵĿ죬бѪֵķΧ֮ڡ
ˣҺϻҲлȻⳡʵֲ̫ˡ
үŪѪƵĴУҪʩչֶǿ̫ࡣ
Ѫ겻ϵ£Щͷʹĳɱܵ˺ܴҽ֮
ЩŶƵļһƾͷϣԴֵѪĸʴ֮
ѪֵܹģѪ겻ϵ£Ѫ꽫еĶҲڻĲˡ
棡
һصЩ˿ʼʧ˱Ѫ긯ʴشð˰̣һɴ̱ǵĿζǱɢ˹
ʯͷ֮зݺܶ࣬ܿ뵽˰취ѪȻʴǿҪʴЩӲʯͷķݾЩˡ
ѣЩͷʹ׷׳ķ˹ȥ
ǰһ־öƵֵһԵΪ
㿪ҪȻǾҪȫûˣ־֮˴һ
űмʮ־ͬʱվ˳еĶƳŰ֮һƬסЩѪ꣬ͬʱǼʮ־еĽķⷨһ𣬲޴ͬʱʯͷǵĞųĵ
Һϻ㶵ĿЩ־֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ
סǣ
ҸүŽ꣬߶ѪƣЩĴ
ӺΪͬʱʩչֶΣǼʮ߶ϴ˹ȥ
۾ʦҲ׳Щ־
ʱһԻ־־ֱӳȥסλǰƴסǵֶΡ
Щ治λǰɱǰ˶ʮˣΪֹλǰƻЩ־߶
ΪǣͻȻЩȺ֮УɱһȺ־ðѪ꣬ðűʴŧѪΣգҸүǱ˶ڿҪӽҸүʱ򣬱ӡԱɱʽֶΣֹҸүʩչѪơ
Щ˵ҸүߣչһǱ׷׶֣Щȫſˡ
ЩηĹͷʹƴ֮£λǰɱ˼ʮˣȴûֹǼʮ־
һ޴
ʯͷ΢΢һΣǵһ㣬Ȼӵ֮һŰɫϢ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ʱҲſķЩɫϢͷ֮󣬺ܿһڷϵĴڡ
ЧӦøϻķϲࡣ
͸İɫϣзĶ
ϣסҸүŪѪƣѪʱǵϸˡ
ȥүģǴֱʰܹϸʯͷǣöֶΣһĴڰ
ϻԷֶΣȵĿɿڴ
ȷʯͷôķΧϿȫһϣֶ̫ˡ
Ȼսʯͷ֮һ죬ɵ˻ҵطľ׼óһ
޴ķ֮⣬ʯͷ֮лķ󣬱֮ǰǼǸܹ߾󣬱ܹȼճɫĻʯͷ֮п϶ķ
˴Σأ޶˿ֲ
ܹóô෨ˣڷ֮ϵӦǿǰ˰ɡ


2658 ﷨
ܹʯͷ֮вóˣֻһܹǸ˱Ȼǰա
ûֶܹΡ
ȴҲ֪ΪΣڷ֮ϵΪλ˵Ĺ񹤡
ⷨ󼴱㲻ֲģ϶Ҳ˲ġ
һɣĻϯأҰҸүʩչѪƱʧȥκá
ȥʯͷ֮УЩڷĹͷʹٴη׷˳
үֶΣȻûнȫɱҲкüܵѪʴŧѪкܶ˱Ѫ긯ʴ˺ܴݣŧ
Щٴξۼһ𣬸Ƿŭ쳣Щ־Ĵ֮£׷׳Ÿүٴɱ˹ȥ
Ҹүܿ꽣ϵߣʯͷǣ
˷׷׵ͷ֪ʯͷǲùˣܲҶԷĸ̫࣬·ʮֿһ໹ӵֶܶζʩչ
ڵʯͷǣôһƬϽʯͷִҲʩչ
ֻܽЩ⣬Ȼ취ǶԵС
үҲһ󳷣˵Ҳ죬ܿ˵ʯͷ֮⡣
Ⱥ־Ĵ֮£ƺƵһص˺ܿҲ˳ȥ
Һϻһۣ˳ǽүǻһ
һֱ˳ʯͷ￪ĵطͣ
һصǺƺƵǧͣ˸಻׵ĵطγݵơ
ʱүǲע⵽ҺͻС
СšղŸүȥˣү޷أүͻȻʵ
ɱˡҵ
ɱˣүЩ̫ŵʵ
ǱСɱˣ˺ϴ辭ɵĸɸɾҡϻһԵ
ղŸүܵϵϢΪоӦԶʤǣôᱻɱˣүǲҡ
ҺϻһɱģղŽͻȻǰΪ֮£Žġҵ
˵˵ĿⶼϻϻԵЩ̫Ȼˡ
ǱƵĿңֻϱӵļغ϶ѣûǡϻͷ
Ѿ˵ûǣ˵ĵˣԳġչûİϻһۡ
ӷ𡭡ھˣ˷ɼǵ˭ô۾ʦ¶һ˿ϲɫЩ˵
п˻۾ʦ˫ֺʮһҲЩ˵ģ˵һ仰һֱûиף˵㲻ҵʦǰҶ㣬ңֱඥȻ侪ѹԭô˼ǰҶȻֻأȻתһнڤڤ֮нжӷ𡭡ҷȱ
۾ʦ˵ͷɫǰǴµ˷𷨸Ȼģģ쳾ʮأڹԲĵҲˡֻԵܹ󳹴ճɾͷұ㲻ʦͽƣһ㻹ĵʦء
ʦһΪʦΪʦǲǰһΣⱲӣĵʦ޷ĵġйޱȵ˵
۾ʦ˰֣˵ģзɻı̰񲡢գеִӦĴԿգ徻ý̫ķϣִԽԽ͸ֻͿ͸˼һһյҪٽȴҲһֻصĿʼ͸ƣִԽԽ޷У·ҳԶҪߵ·ܳ
۾ʦ˵ĳЩЩ̫£ϻˣֵΪۿʱͺˣʦ㡭
۾ʦٴΰ˰֣΢΢һЦ˵ģ͸ơ㻹ô
Ӷˡϻ
ʦͽ˵ĿյЩһصͻȻɢÿʮ˻ϰһ󷨣һƬ
ͻȻ˴һصֵǣɱȺĿͽһڲ
һ䣬ǺƺƵһص˶ʱٵķɢǵķɢһɢɳ֣ǷֳһһСĽߵ󣬳˷ɢȥһȺ˸ٵİΧ
ҶЩ˿;ǰһӰأЩƶٶȺܿ죬Щۻҡ
⣡ԭΪ˳ߣڿǴشˣҲзɣԷĵͽķںһγһ־ɱ󣬽﷨󣬿Խ֮ռݸƣŰΧϻܻ̿˿һۣ˵


2659 
ȥһصЩ˻࣬ôָһʲô﷨
˵ɵȫüͷޱȡ
˵ղſЩһصôЩ̫Ծüǧ˷ֳ˴ССˣҲͰˣƶʱ򣬶Ҳ̫һЩǰȫЩ˵Ӱӣ˲ƶ˱һ㡣
ԭǸΪ󣬸ķں֮ͷתΡ
Ҳзô˵һЩ
ֲⷨİֻҪһصЩ˲õͽ﷨ǲģ˵ƶӦΪ˵˵
ӷڳĴ˻֪յݰɣһʱĲŵ֪éɽ֮һé̵Ĺŵӣéɽͨ쳹֮ܣϴéӯͨʬ֮϶éԾͨƶ֮éڸַо뻯˿ɼտǵéɽʦү洫ڷĲÿ˵ǵһֹǾĵزʯͷ֮вŻôŷҵȷʤҲǳ˰ǰһδο϶ĸɭϡ۾ʦɫ
ʲôƽ֮չæʵ
У˴ֻҪԷŴ˹룬﷨ԽԽ󲻹ƣǱΧڷ֮еˣֻбɱķݶˡ۾ʦüͷ
ûһ͵أҲʵ
ӦǽϻСŶݼ׶ɣ֮ʱ˷ɱйأӣʦҲڼʱ֮ⷨ󡣡۾ʦ
ߵĻû˵꣬ķϵĴ˲ҽ֮ͻȻһˣЩϿ˹ȥһе֣ЩһΣžͲӰʮ˵Ѫ֮С
Ĺҵʱ򣬷˷ȫӰ㣬ȥЩ̫ʵ࿴һͷۻ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ҹоǰһâڱ֮Убһʮ˳˹
ֻǲЩ˽վһĸүͻȻɨһɨǧһɫĽĳЩ˴˹ȥ
ҷһɫĽŴʮնЩȴûһѪӰһΣȫʧˡ
Ҳأ
﷨Ҫôǣ
ҷӦо΢΢һһæٰ˲һͿӵ֮¶˼ʮλεĴ󵶣վߵļ˸̶
ҿǼ˷ӦȽϿ죬ǼǰһӦҪȻǿҲ鷳ˡ
ĳˣղŸһصܶǰһͨƴɱѾ˲أ﷨֮Уã
֪һǲǸȻһصѹҲһôˡ
вЩ
Ҿ˵һصΪβʯͷǷƣ治һǾͽ׷˳ԭ˼׼Ͳǡ
һ˲䣬ϵĴӸִ˺ܶҽ֮ܶ˶Щðĵɱˣ־ֿ֣ҽ޵˶ˡ
ô죿
ݾλǰû˰취
ǰһĴڣ涼ûгֻƾַ󣬱ܽŪڹ֮䡣
л֣̿Ǳ쳣ҲˣˣҾͲƲ
һ֮ҳǰЩӰն˺üʩչ˰ˮʽ
߶Ǻ¡¡죬Ҳǳ𣬵ǲû˵ڵϡ
ûõģⷨʵʵֲɥ
ͼأϽŪܲ󡣡Ҽ
ղû۾ʦ˵ôéɽʦүͽܣһǹŵӣֻʮҵͼķ󡣡Ρ
ܽϵĴҽʱ򣬻۾ʦͻȻǰ˹ȥһ飬֣˵ߣĴǳȥȿЩһڣȻƽ󣬽˽ȳ
۾ʦܴǴȥΪ˵
Ҳû̫İգֻܾһˣλųһֱߣ򲻿ֱ֮߳⡣۾ʦһ߿첽ǰߣһͷҲص˵
Ҳֻ취ˣ˿첽ǰ׷վ˻۾ʦ󣬸ǰȥ
ǰû֮ͻȻɱһ˷ǿɱ


2660 ͨ
ֲķ֮Уһȫ˻۾ʦ󣬿첽ǰȥ
ܞųӿҲǽŲѣеķյĽģֲ̿ĳţ۾ʦ˼ǣȴЩ˳ȥӷ֮⿪ʼ֣ҶԷţˣлὫ﷨ˡ
۾ʦղŵ˼Ҳûʲôֻܹܾһԡ
ܲܳɱȥҲǸδ֪
ܹɱȥһصܶЩʹҲкüǧˣƾʮˣҪ˶Էķôס
Ҳûа취ѾƵ˾·ֻӲͷƤһˡ
Ǹڻ۾ʦǰûܵĞųӰأͻȻ֮ǰ˷һȺɫĹͷʹֱӲͬλϮɱ˷׷˷ҪЩðĵƴɱ۾ʦͻȻ㽫еķ˳ȥ
ǷǣԽԽڷܻССġҫ˲佫ǰЩͷʹǵߣǷ㳯ܱ˳ȥ
һΣ˷ƺ֮Ǳ̺Ŵ𷨵ķ˵Ĳᡣ
Щɳȥķ齫Щͷʹ֮󣬺ܿٴ£˻ɻǵܣ죬ת
۾ʦ÷𷨼ӳЩ飬ȻʮΪվڲԶңŻ۾ʦһֻۣ۾ʦԴѾϸܵĺ顣
ֻǸոջһƾðĹͷʹŵ΢΢һΡ
ұ֪ԷҪӵ³ˡ
Ҫٰ˲ͻȻ۾ʦ֮ǰǵĻҪųһֱߣ
Ҷ㻹ǲأһֳӵ֮ð˳СҲ˵ӹûˡ
ҿǻûºˡ
ԥʱǰĻ۾ʦ϶Ƿ˵쳣ΪԱȻҪҸ߳ܶࡣ
̧ͷһ۾ʦ˫һֵķӡ̧һֻţŵºݺݵһȣʱõ΢΢һΡ
ҵͷŵϿȥʱ򣬵ǰʮײĵط̽һѼ⵶ֻ̽˼ױûٳ
ֻĸɮҲ֪˼õʲôţһȥԷ޷ٶˡ
ʱλǰҲûţ׷׽еıŽŵ²ȥȽջʱ򣬵㲻Ѫ͸˳ȾһƬѪ졣
ǼСһˣҲ׷Ч£еķŵȥȽγʱ򣬱ϢѪ͸
ô¶̲סʵ
۾ʦô𷨽סһƬռ䣬ܷƣ۾ʦѾֶͨΣܹǼ٣ʵǻһ۱ɿƣղЩʵڵģ۾ʦȻͻȻֵģǿԽкͷʵֵضݵֶΣ۾ʦһţ֮Щ˾ͱʱ֮С
ĽͣҲŻȻԭ۾ʦķ𷨾Ȼ˸
۾ʦΪλǰһҲ˼ҵĶ֡
ʵʵΪߵͣ˵Ķϣǵ֮µһ۾ʦ϶ŵڶҸүǰ
ǰλת޵ĴãȻҸүҲпֻȴ޷ġ
Щ֮󣬻۾ʦһ·ǰС
Ǹ֮ǰһǽڻ۾ʦ󣬶֮ǰ۾ʦЩ飬ǵܣͣתǵȫ
㣬Ҳǲ˿ĵģŷ۾۲ΧĶ
ܵľͷ˾޴ı仯ⷨЩȫͬûаɫߺɫҲûκοԲյʵԶֻһƬգڻףޱ޼ʡ
֮УʱиӰζȫЩһصܶĹͷʹĹ
ǰĻ۾ʦͻȻһ֣֮ץȥÿһܹץһͷʹ˹ȥ
Ǽλǰܹȷλڻ۾ʦһֵʱ򣬱Ǹֺķɳ֮б㴫˽ϵĲҽ֮
۾ʦͨʶ϶޷Ի
ʱҲкܶӰ۾ʦô𷨼ӳֵķޱߣЩҲǵʱҸоЩ˹ģҲȥһҲܽһնɱ
ţһ·֮ɱ˲һصˣо߳Զľ룬ʼ޷߳
첽ǰߵĻ۾ʦͻȻŲͣûɵ̾Ϣһ


2661 ԲӦ
۾ʦ̾Ϣһ֮ͻȻ͸оһĻ̣ؿڷƣѹЩ͸
֪۾ʦΪ̾Ϣǿڵ϶ʲôҪͷ
˼ͣˣȻҲøͣ½Ų
ҳǼǰȥʱ򣬷ȫɫ࣬ޱȡ
Ǽϼһƴⷨ϶ûɶ⣬ǵǳȥ֮˹ƾȫҪˣѾȥãӦҲ˲ء˲޵ǵ˵
˵ѾΪǣһߣǾ͸ӾˡΪҲ
۾ʦɻʲô취ôҸүʵ
⼸λǰ˵һͷˮ׷ʲôһɫҲǼΪεҡͷ˵СţǿһʱȥˣԷˣ֮ǰϣҲζ֮ǰɱѪ·Ҫһ飬ԷȻǣһֱڼֹǳȥǳȥ֮󣬻֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ʱ򣬴ĳ˾Ҫɱɾˡ
û뵽ĽʱһͷĿѣ꣬ô죿
ǰĻ۾ʦƬ̣ű߰ɣǼӿٶȣȡһЩȥ
˵ţ۾ʦٴŲ˽ŲһΣĽŲԼӿ˺ܶ࣬˵ĽųҲ档
֮ⷨ󣬶ԷɱԽԽ࣬ɱЩҲӵܼÿǰһʮľ룬ͻһǿĽ
ԷԽһ־ߣƴֵǰĲ
һͷһۣѾӰ
ǰ·ãã޾ʱ޿̲ٱֺв
ÿһÿһ룬ȥȴ
ǰֿ첽ӵĹ⾰߰˲Ľ۾ʦһֱᶨƵǰţӺ棬ҿˮѾ͸˿̵Ļ۾ʦľ޴ȥҲԶ˼ֵܹʲôʱ
ǰķӵĹ⾰ͻȻҾ;Щ֮ǰϮɱʮܼÿһӾͻһϮɱǰһû֮ǰ龰
ʱǰĻ۾ʦͻȻͣ˽Ų̧ͷϿ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôҲ˳Ż۾ʦĿ⳯ͷϿȥһֱҶûע⵽ͷϵֻǾĸΧɱ
ҴʱͷϿȥʱ򣬵֮Ϸı仯ƹڲϢʼƲ֮˸Ȼǡ¡¡ѹ
ʲô
ôо˺ڶ״վڲԶһҲ̧ͷգЩ̫ȷ˵
ҲֻһνףⷽмңҼףͷֳ
ȷڽףƶûпĻֶӦɽףϾͿԿЧˡ̧ͷ죬¶Щϲɫ
ô˵ɵѾϵˣΪ˼˵
Ĺ㣬Ӧǵˣһ׼ɣˣҸү
Ļһ䣬ͷϽǽףצ罫ɫҹ˺һӣƿʼٵתüֱŲͬķȥ
ˣӦɽϾڽףԸĸɵʱҼùֶΣɽλΪϵףŪʮǿ
ÿϾӵ𣬱µɽּ룬ʼձžŸ˲䡣
Ȼֻܹ׹ͺ¡¡죬ȴʲôط
ԷĿʱ޼ƿʩ֮£ͻȻͳˡ
һ뵽ɵ˶ˣлЩƵļ
ȫǺ¡¡죬˿˻۾ʦֵ۾ʦһô죬ɵӦȫˡ
ԲӦ䣬ǻŰɣɵĸּмǧˣܿǵķ󣬵ʱǾͿԳȥˣӷ𡭡ҷȱ۾ʦ˫ֺʮߵķݣΪϡ
˻۾ʦĻǾԭصȴ
ԼĪӵĹ⾰֮ǰֵӰͻȻˣԼɱ֮⧲֮䣬һǲԶ¡һ𣬶䱻졣
ϻһѽϽ𲧸ǼȫŲڱױû


2662 
һ׺ǵĸƫһ˶Ҫ׸ķѲɣҲûаװ׵ڸղǵ׻ĵطԼжʮһصʹ׸죬ƺ֮£ƲɵЩ׺ˣ඼ķѣʬɡ
׹ΧĳͻȻһ䣬ڴӷ֮лع鵽ʵ״̬˷ȫܼȺƴһ𣬲ɱ
Ĺһ֮󣬺ܿ춼¶ο֮ɫ
ɵĸȫˣɨһۣЩ˴ҶʶΪǿֶܶڸһڿޣéɽֱֵĸֺ͡塱ֱֵĸһ㡣
һƬʯͷ֮һƬյ֮Ͽɱ
ҿϾӣֱվʯͷĸλűֱָ񷣬ǵĽ֮£һ׷ֱǵı֮ϣȻȻ䣬һصЩͷʹȺ֮УһըһƬ
Ͼӵÿһߣվźܶɫ۵ĸ֣ǵΧֹЩһصֹǽӦס
ϾҲף֪ǾŸһ𣬲ܽ¾ŵף޷ټʩչˡ
ŵ׵Ҫһǿࡣ
ղǵף϶ҲϾΪ
֮⣬һéɽéɽƽˡóơЩֱ͡塱ֱϵȫ˴˴
⣬üɽɽɽ䵱ɽüɽɽɡɽɽȵȡɫۺɮ۵ĸ·ҲǷ׷׸ϵ˴˴
Щһһصܶ˻սһ˭Ҳк
éɽµ֮ףһӦ·ַ׷׸֧Ԯ
ʱ򣬸֮ҲЩ϶һ˵ҪԸϣᾡǰӣս
Ͼͬĵˣǰһʱ䣬ɽɽéɽһͱһصˣʱǲֻбһصƵķݶ
ģ
ǼĹΧսֵʱһʮַŭͻȻǱ
ͷһһմѪĳ첽˹߻ԳɫҲһƬ
ϸ磬ǡҸү壬Щɻ
ղķͻȻȴĳ֮͵͵룬ȫ˷֮У֪ʱĹ⾰˶𣿣үʮŭýָҸү
ԭǹǸղŲǶ뿪顣
屻Щ˸ɱˡ屻ɱˣ˼ɱһǧˣʱʬɽѪһ㡭ǿڿ˵ҪΧһصܶ棬Σ֮ʣԼȴ˷͵͵ﱻ˵һնɱǵװʲôģԳҲָ˵
֮ǰĵһһߣ˿϶ģԹǣΪǷ˷һصĳ˵ЩĹǣһǣǱ޴Ŀ־֮С
ҲǱŭͷԣղһĹ˱ôˣǷҲӦõġ
ҸүҡҡͷҲ֪θǽͣ¶һʱҲ˵ڵӣǻս
æվһ֣˵үӣˣղһصЩķ﷨Ҫƽ⣬ӷ֮ƿʱ˶ⷨסˣΪܹȫȳ۾ʦϧ˴ķΪҪɱһѪ·ƽ﷨ֻǻûгɱȥɵĸ־͸ˣ㿴۾ʦ֪ղǵ׾ʲô٣һ˶Է˹Ըǡ
Ļ峯Ż۾ʦϿȥһɮ۲඼ˮ͸ˣҲԵЩȻ
˻棿үӵɫ࣬ʵ
ҪһǼٵģúЩ˵
ðɡԲס˸λϷǣҸǡ˵ţ㳯˴
Ҹүæȥһסүӣɫϸ磬ʲôϵҲ飬ϾǱô֣ҪսʤаһصҪѪĴۣǲɱģһ˼ȻĳǸһصԣûҪ͵µĻǾͲˡ


2663 ͷ
үһԴǵĻү޵ݣѵ̾ϢһԲס˸λϷǣô೯Ϧ˵Ѫ֮УǰͻёˣҲΪϷһ仰Ų뵽ôˣϷҲǱѵͷԣλ
ϸ硭ЩҪˣ֮Ҫһɱʯͷ֮УһصЩаȫնɱ㿴ɵĸѾȫϵʲôǽһصܶ˵˵
ãϷԻᰲˣһͬɱʯͷǣһصЩˣ˵ţԳһ֣뿪˴˴
뿪֮ٴζһۣɫ̫ÿ
ղ취̬ûü֪һ˺Щᣬʱȷ̫ˣΪ֮ʱ֮Уʵʵʩչض֮ÿһÿһ붼˲ϵȥֻץʱٵ
ãɵ˸ıȽϼʱԷոձ˷󣬸ɵ˱ճ֣նɱ˲һصܶĹͷʹǲõ﷨״ҡ
һԷţ﷨㳹ˡ
ɾ˶ٸ֣Ҳ̫սһһƬжˡ
Ѿǽˣһ֮ƺƴս
ⳡս۱κһսҪƺƴ
ͷ¡¡磬һҲǸȥַͿֲɱʩչĴĽ˷ųҵĹХ˷ų˹Ƴ棬֮ϸOO@@Ĵ
ս쳣ң֮ϸɵĸԶʤڴĳ˼ʵҪǿܶ࣬ЩǺüʮδɽŵĵޣΪǿ̾Ϊֹ
˵ѾŰһصܶЩˡ
ǶԷʵԾɲСЩ־־Щİ־ܽӽΪһЩİ־ΧסҸү˼Ҷò̫
˿һԵĻ۾ʦе˵۾ʦղ˴ΪϢƬָ̣һ£ͽˡ
۾ʦȴ˰֣˵ģѾָһЩֳôĶտ϶Ѿˣĵˣܽ𣬱ص
һ˵Ķš
ϴΰȥéɽʱһֽˣһ꣬ôɱһéɽ˶ɱ⣬һΣǰձȴҲ֪Щ˵ܲܽһħͷɱ
һٶǰֻǷд棬֮󣬰սʬ꣬ǳôӳһҪգ󻼣ҪȻֽǺ
˭ҲһգҲܲĺƽ١
ͻȻһ˹
Щ˿Щ죬ǽǴʯͷǵЩˡ
ǳη壬Ǿϴν׽õ̫ˣһҲһԽ׾ٵ¡
Ǻǡ޷ǾǹͷĶѡ
һ˶֣ǹⱻǸ׽ģһοƴɱ˭֡
Щ˳ɱ˷׷ת˳Щ˵ǰһ˦˹ȥƺƵһƬӰʱѹȥ
Щ־ȷΪ󲿷ֶܹȴҲ˱˴ȥĽӰն䡣
ߵ˿ٵɢֱ׼Ŀ꣬Щ־ɱȥ
Щ־õȫǿͷ󵶣ʮͣһǵĵҾڵĴ󹩷Ҳ֪ûС
Щ˸һңұʩչһл죬ŶЩ˴˹ȥ
ĻʱһԽԽϯȥ
Щ־һ޲׷׶ܣɢǻһҵĿĲݵģվϯס־Ǹ˻ˡ
־˽ѵʱٵķɢһλҷ
Цһڣ·һ϶ɱˣΪɵĸɸɾЩ־ҺΣ
Ҹоһ־ҵǵһҵģûɵģҾȻһͷƤĸоȥ־ôôǿҪǿΣʲô·
һо־Ŀֲ֮æת־ʲô·ȻֻǾǰһ


2664 ټʬ
ǵһʱҲû־֮УͷƤ飬ѵ־ʲôһص֮ܶеľֲɣ
תʱ򣬿Ǹ־һ׵ľ룬ûüΣȻ䣬һ˹һˣǸ־˵˵ϣſھҧס־Ĳӡ
ܹɫ磬ΪȻˣȴͻȻֵһҧסûκηأأ£ûϢ
һжʱ־ϲֲҸղŻľĸоԭҸоֻŲĲ־־ϵˡ
˴һõĵۣͷģҲޱȣûһ˿Ѫɫ
ҧס־ĲӲӣ̧ܿͷңѪһЦǷĽʬرעĿ
־ѾѪһ˸ɡ
ͽþòඡ˳ɭȻһЦ
ʦ桭ҲˡЩ˵
߲ˣǵϺͺˮʥ̵ΧɽʱɽĽ֮Ǹס˼ĶʬӴһֱǵض֮еĶʬ
⶷ʬҲǽʬеļƷǱ׷Ͷ·űǲʬĵض֮С
öûм˼ˡ
ʱΪ˻˵ɽĵӣһƽ˵Ķףٴμ˾ϲ֮⣬Щ飬ʶҵݣ֪ҵƭģǿֳӡ
Ƕʬ˹ɨһۣϻźüصԿϸСķģϸһ߶ӱ㻩졣
ͽʦүඣ˵СҲȥңôʱ䶼æʲôҪΪҪΧһصɽЩТ˵Ҳƶ
˵ţǶʬߵҵǰһѽұ˻
һһ£⶷ʬӲһ㣬ſ죬һҧסҵĲӡ
ʦүãʱĴ׷ɱһصܶ棬һֱûʱȥ˼ҡҲѵ
±¡ʦˣĸ˵е۸㣬ʦ治˸ɡǶʬɿңٺһЦ
˵յЩ־ٴɱ˹
ʬһѳңҵѾŻͬʱ˶ʬϣľжˣ⶷ʬɶ¶ûУţ˫֣ͬʱסѴ󵶣־˹˫ֱַץס־ĲӣʮָָͻȻͱϳǲӵѪ֮С
־ʱɫһƬҰףͨǶʬһ֣ҿ˫֮ϵѪܱԴԴϵѪ͵Ƕʬ֮С
Ƭ̣־ͱʬĶһԣֻʣƤĹͷӡ
аŰ⶷ʬȷǿǼĶʬƷ
ԭмҪɱ־ڿʬ׾ٵɱ˺ü־֮󣬷׷¶˵֮ɫתűˡ
ܡǿɲУƶûԱءʬȻô׵ķŹǡ
һΣ磬èһշ˲ͽһ־˵˵ϡ
־һ֪޷ǳһ
⣬һҪ߶ƣԱ
ʦ桭Сİ
ҴѣǶʬϽ㿪ЩԱɲģһױըҪǿ࣬ɱ
Ƕʬȴûſ˴죬ҧס־Ĳӡ
¡һ죬־ڻԱˡ
ѪһƬĴɣôԶҲòһշ䣬ϵҵǰ
ȥǶʬʱҲԱ־˳ȥҵߣڵϹȦ
һæ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬶ʬүӺܿӵվһѪ֮⣬ûˡ
ҡҡԴͷһߵѪЩµ˵ղŷʲôǼһôᱬը
ʦ桭˼û¶ɣ´
ʲô¶ƶǶʬͭƤǣʯѾ˺üˣѲɻһΣʬЦ
ʬҵߣЩҪԾԾΧҵĹͷʹʱˡ
ү̫б̫ѪȣˣȴЩаҪˣĸвµġ
Ȼүǽʬ˼άӿЩ̫⣬Щģһ·񲣬裬ײϵ֡


2665 ź
ЩһصʹĹƣΪһصʱηһ㣬ǿ⶷ʬɱ˺ѪֶΣ׼صĿ־壬Ȼûٸǰ
ߣүּƷʬǰķϣһۼԱ˱ɳԶû¶һ㣬ôŪĴڣ˭ҹ
Χһصܶ棬ռһսȱ֣ɽҲὫүӸųֱһɱ
ҵĿٴע⵽˶ʬǺüԿ˷ĵΪʲôЩ
ʬνİ˰֣ЦûϵġɽЩǣҺȲѪᷢûܹƵңԱƶ⼸طӡһƶʱǱ߶ھƶƶ;ӡЩˣôһص飬ΪӣǵѪʮָ
˵ţǶʬǹһЦǯһҵļϸһ۵ʱֳ˲٣ҵĹͽƶû׸æ㻯ʬħ֮߰ɣүһ𣬲սɱһصĹ˵ˣ㲻׼ЩɱҪѪɽʱЩһҲͲˣƶҪ衣
һ䣬ʬһת㳯Ⱥ֮˹ȥҵүӷ񣬱˹ȥһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ֱү˵һ־ҧסĲӺȵ
Ѫֳ֮ҸүǱ߳˹ȥס
ڸʮ־ĸүǸо죬ŵҲһӣһл㾦ͳŶʬ˹ʬԼ᲻ɴݵΣܣһл㾦˶ʬϣշ˵ϡ
үԼˣ֣ҳŸүǱߴ
үһۣ¶ɻ֮ɫҪ˵Щʲôֱ־ˡ
ҿ첽߹ȥʬʬؿðỤ̋ǽˣؿڴղǸ˭ȻҴƶƶѪ
Լˣǧ֡˼һаܵô죬˿϶Ὣ㵱ɵ˵ġҽ͵
ƶȥæģȻңУȽһصҵøͷһܡʬ
˵ţ⶷ʬֳǰ˹ȥֻһβǳҸүǱߣǳһȺüɽʦ̫ƴ־ȥ
ȥͷЩԿƣֲҪŪϽơ
ʬһȥͷŷ־˫ץǵĲѪЩüɽʦ̫ŵɫ䣬׷׶ܡ
֪Ǻõʱ˽ŲһͷһǼˡ
Ϊ׵ɽƽ̻ˣԻˣһɽΨһĵɳˣһΪˣǵĿһֱǶʬȻҲЩ
СšּˡԶ͸Ҵк
λǰҲˣʱһʱЩ˹ƾҪȫûˡҹֵ
СҲǺõɫô˾͸һصܶ棬һ·Ҳǽϣ˲ӣòײ˵
࣬úÿʦ棬裬һԣ߶ȿס˵˿һۣ΢΢ͷǴкһѷȺ֮кХȥ
ƶҲȥˣɱЩһصˣɡ˵ţҲƮȻԶȥ
ֻʣ˻ƽ̣ұʵƽˣôүӸˣ
ƽһε˵û취Դϴһص͵Ϯɽ˲أҲ࣬Ҫһɽ֮£Žڸ˳ڿǼĶʬΪȵɣӲս
½˶֪ɽûʬ飿
Ҳû취ⶼʲôʱˣĻ˵Щ
û¶ڰɣҵʱǸ˵ɽˡҵ
ûС϶˵ƣھ飬˵Ϊʲô㲻ȥϴ浽˵ʲôΪɶϵأɻ
ҸҪͻȻ˼ƿ죬һͷʱʯͷǵķͻȻʮźŵڰ֮бѿγһһɫؼһƬͨʮֺÿ
һصҪʲô۶ӣ
⼸źŵһ죬ڸɸƴЩһصˣ׷׺ˣʯͷǵķ˻ȥԭЩźŵǳ˵źš


2666 ɼ
ЩһصĹͷʹ˳ȥʱ򣬷׷״һĶŵһףʱɫĶƺƵȫ
ⶾ̱ǣѸٵܺܶ˶֪Щͷʹ۷ʯͷǣҲֹЩͷųĶԺǿܶ˶УҽڵϰֹǸɳĸ֣ҲЩסⶾ׷׳ȥܶϮ
ЩһصЩͷʹ˵ĺܿ죬׷׳ʯͷ֮С
ţ˳ַΧ˺һЩŷ׷ɢȥ
ͻȻ䣬ҿǧǳշʵӰ˳ڵϼͷʹ·ѵˮһ˼£ǼʬͿٵķֽ⿪Ƴ棬Щ˶˹ȥ
ԳܿߵһߣŭҪʲô˵ЩȻ˶еľȣܲЩƳ˰ɡ
һԳ͵Գ磬ˣǧ֮ɽٶǧƷֽӹƣȥҧЩ˶ˣϵĶظھǵ
ԳЩŽɣۿЩӹһƬŵڵϵЩ˹ȥϲ϶ҧƬ̣Щ˶˾Ͱ˲𣬾ȻĸԭˣֻǾͷȥЩήҲ
ȶɢȥĲˣɵĸַ׷׾ۼһҺɽƽҲ߹ȥǻϡ
վǰһˣ˸һλǰ֮⣬éɽĵˡɽĵɳˡüɽиʦ̫һͣȥһ̫̫ܸͨо̺ŴֲǸΪ֮
Ϊһ磬Ƿ豹棬üɽʦ̫ﵽ־磬㲻ǵɣҲѾʮֽӽɵΪ
ɽ䵱ɽɽɡɽɽɽɽҸɵĶ־
УҲֻʶһĸ֣Щ֮Уϳ˺ˣɼĴôڡ
ߣ֮Ҳкָ̨ܶɽ֮⣬оŻɽɽɽ¡
ЩŸУҲֻ˼ĸɮڰɡ
֮󣬺ֵ֮ܶ˽Ϊ֮ʣЩ˱վ˳ΪǸһ
⻹ŵģЩСһЩɣҾͽвˡ
ɣټҸүλǰǸɽڵضеĶʬʮˮ׼ĸּһ𣬸սĻ֪ûʤ㡣
մΧéɽʱֻһʶҼǵõʱү˵յһ꣬аձһΪʮˮ׼ĸһΧգܹʤ㣿
һδֻ֪ܴһܼܲ
ȫһǰǼɼĴú˴˶ʶС˵ʲô
ҸүԼ۾ʦҲǺӣ˴˹֣򵥵ĺѣȻ㹵ͨķ顣
ǵ棬һصܶʯͷǡ
Ŵ󿪣Щһص˽ȥ֮ҲûгҲûһĶô˺ƺƵĿȥҲ죬Ȼѵأǽһжˣ۳ɰܶǾȻ
˾ÿµĵط
ǰһжˣпܻʯͷǵҲƻС
Ĺһۣʯͷǵĳſڴ˵Ų֪жپʬ壬ҲҪǧɥڴˣһص˵Ҳ˲٣Ҳһǧϡ
ǸԮĸɵĸ˲࣬Ͼб
ǼλǰʱҿǾ߶ʬͻȻЩǰһ࣬⶷ʬһ֣ܿڳ֮˵ľʮɼĸͬʱԶ˳
ʦ桭𡭡֡ɽƽ̻˶ʱǰҪסǶʬ
ǶʬٶȿɱȻ˿ˣס
ʬ
ʬеļƷкü˰ɡ
Ǽǰ֮˵˵
ǸͷղýҵǸ˵ľ㣬ʲôղ˵ˣȴЩһصˣҪһܣҿɲܰ״򣡡ʬָҸү
ЩǰͻȻðĶʬŵˣĿ
λλǰǧҪ֡λɽʦһֱӡɽĽأΧһصܶ棬Ȳ֮£Ž˼ɽǻһȵ˵
ɽŴɣȻڶ츣֮һ׺Ķʬ֪⶷ʬÿ¶ҪɴѪġüɽǸʦ̫Щõ˵


2667 ʦ̫
⶷ʬӵȷ̫⣬ǰʮɼĴãΪһߵмߵĶʬʮֵаԹаͻȻЩľǰǲǹȥô
ҲæǰվǶʬһ࣬˶ԶʬұǰֹУֹˣܽҸүǹæ
üɽλʦ̫˵ʬ͸ˣмᣬƶɱ˺Ѫƨ£ûѪѪҲúȲȥһͣѪˡ
㡭ʱͱɫеķһҪ֡
ʦ̫򲻿ɶŭĵһصܶ棬λǰȻһ߼ĶʬƷаҲǸվͳһսߣһͬԸյģյ黹ûнܲڧɣҸүһ֣ǰ档
ѽҪƶզأƶ㣿Ƕʬүһڳ˼ƣ˫һ죬ʮָ㳤ʮף֮ɫͬǰѷذһ㡣
ʦ̫Щŭɶ
ʦ桭˼ܲͣһǹԸյģǻֻýٴιؽض֮УԺʲô飬ٽ˼ˡ
ɽǸɳվ˳ߵ˶ʬߣȰο
ʬԭԾԾԣ˵ʱû˵С˵ðɺðɡƶͿϣƽϣҪǻ鷳ƶĲ
λѣʦڴǵʱţһʱ߻ħԼаʱʦ̽⼸һֱɽĽ֮Уδڽ֮¶棬Ҳû¾κһ޹֮ˡղʦ̫˵ƶλʦɱ˺ѪҲȷˣһҲ֪ʬִڣѪᷢ񣬾ƶҲûκΣɽڻĸһЩ߽֮࣬͵ʦǱߣɣʵҲֻȥҽԺѪ֮һЩѪҲܴպһʱ䣬ɽҪʬʦµѵҲ񡭡λ˳һֵ
ǵõޣɽֵĵһɣ˼ҶˣҲ˵ʲô
һʦ̫ɫҲࡣ
ӷ𡭡ɽҲȷ֮λǰȻǶʬδ¾޹֮ˣһͲҪ̫ƽ˰ɡ۾ʦҲ
۾ʦӦȺɼ֮¸صһλλߣ˵зġ
˻һڣȫĬĬͷʾټƽϡ
ҿ˶ʬһۣǳһ
⶷ʬжңҪһʬħħҵΪҲô졣
үƺʮƫ潫ҵɽĺˣҶҲ֮ġ
Ҹүǰһ֣˵λǰģʬҵĺˣղǰͻȻһаΪһصаˣóȻ֣ǰʵ֮٣ǰ½һǰʵǳԹĻȴ˼˽ᣬٽܴΣҸү˵ʮֿǶʬͻȻֿ죬¶˴ѪļٺЦ֪ܸĪɣСΪҲǺܲˣܹͷϴһƬ⣬ƶԭˣСӸղһеȷƶؿڻʹ궼ûԹĿˡ
ȴ룬ʬү֪ɣҸүղһл㾦ǰһǧʯһйȥҲܴķ飬һ߶ʬղҪȻͱըûӰˡ
үֵͣʮǫ˵ǣ˼˵ĶԣĹ
˽ᣬʬеŭҲɢ˺ֻܶ࣬ʦ̫ȥɫ̫ãȻǶʬ
ʯͷǵĳſھۼһƬˣһͷһ˺ƺƵ߰ǧ֮⣬иǧ֣һˣϣһصܶϡ
ۺʵҲ˿ѷɫЩһصʹ
һص׽𣬻ʮϣġ
ѵľǰգʮɼĸΧһл۾ֻصĸɮмʤġ
ղһսڵǧʬ壬ʬҰ쳣ҡ
ĴսǾĶǡ
߰λһͬɱʯͷ֮Уǰҳ󻼣ʦ̫
ӣżʯͷ֮пܲóȻȥ޻أղǿǳ˴ġ˿ʦ̫


2668 鶦
ʦ̫һͲǺܺ˵ˣ˽ӣʱõһϷӣһ㣬ƶǳ֮ˣ徻ƺƶ¡
˳һŸҲֻǺǺһЦ˵ʦ̫˵ǣû֮ǰò绨ٽܴߣֻ֮ȴ࣬ӦðӦá
˵һԣʦ̫ɫٴ
ȥʦ̫ΪˣôĻ˵Ҳǣ·񲣬һ򲻰ƣҪͷϷ˼ҶüɽĶ֣˼ҲŹ֡
ҸүܿԲλղϷ˵ûһһصܶʯͷһأʯͷǿŸƽʱ죬ȴΣأܲһ֮תʵֲЩӦöǰǰģڷ֮ϵѾ˻򲻿ӣղ﷨λҲˣʱ˱һǧ˱ɱˡ
Ҹү˵˷׷׵ͷǳͬҸүĻ
ʮֻصéɽ֮һé̵Ĺŵӣé̾²÷ĵһˣǰ޹ˣߣղķ󣬿϶ô򵥾ܹȥġ
ͻȻ䣬һϵתͷʦ̫˵ƶţüɽһǴǧʥǧ֮ǰλɮһӳֹר󣬴鶦֪ʦ̫ɽⷨ˹óһá
䵱ɽ˹Ǽʶ㰡Ƕüɽʥ֪ʥ֪˲ɣ˿ϵ
Ƿˣʦ̫Ǽ˭˭͸˭ǷƵģ⣬һˣôͣôԡ
һǿĶᣬǽҪǴһ𣬹ܶƢ
Щǰ˽λʦ̫Ҳۣ䵱ɽ˿˵ƶʱҼľʦ̫ôƽձ˲µķԼ¡
Ҷüɽɽ֮ȻҪϣλͲҪ˷ʱˣɱ˰գǺøԻɽţطҲι״ƶһӶ
ʦ̫˵ţһ֣һȺɮ۵øƱҪʯͷȥ
ò˵ʦ̫ôĿǰվ߹һ㣬ֱ˲ӵɱҪǰôöԸøɵĸֶ˹Ҳ֪˭
ҿһЩãձ䶼ƫһҲʮˣޱ飬ϳ
ܿ죬ҷȺ֮УȻһСãȥҲͶʮ겻ӣʮˮ飬ݣƤܰףһ㣬һ˫۾ˮģȥʮ鶯һȺм䣬Եʮۡ
ҾˣܹĳǵˣɶǸɵĶ֣һСѾͷƬôһ¶
СѾͷϸƤģһ־ܹ׾ٵɱδһۡ
ʦµӾҪʯͷȥû۾ʦ㵲ǰ棬סȥ·ӷ𡭡ʯͷ֣֮ʦ̫ɴ⣬ҵȻҪϸһĺá
ʦ̫϶֪۾ʦݣǰΣֻǵ˵۾ʦĪҪǰտ̫죬ڳλǽӽڵɵΪһѵԸһգߣƶϿɴŻ鶦ķҲ練ơ
ʦ̫죬ɶϷϷŪЩʬȥ̽·ʡһʶǷĿֲ㲻ˡ
˵ţҸүҵСţéɽ
һֱǼ˾ͿЩǰ˵û˸ҲҲ廰ĸ֣ҲֲЩСĲ졣
үңæéɽ˳ݸҸү
үӹéɽ֮󣬿ٵĴ߶˷΢΢һΣš塱һ죬ǴƬʬİٸȫͦʬһ붼ǵȼܸߵëʬʣµҲëʬ׷״һʬų˺üţҸүԾ
ֶΣµһ֣治˵䵱ɽԵ̾
ЩǰҲʮ־ȵĿЩŶӳĽʬʦ̫Ҳɫһܹüپʬ巢ʬ䣬һȼĽʬ¼Ҹү֮⣬ûܹˡ


2669 򵥵С
죬ˡ
֮䣬ʵ˵ǿΪ
мһ֣֪ûС
үеéɽһΣپͨʬ壬̱˺ܸߵȼĽʬ⼸پ߽ʬһɳҪŵǣҲô׵顣
үܹ֮Ϊµһ֣Բ˵ۺʵǿ
Ŀɿڴ֮£Ǽپ߽ʬų˼ţĳʯͷǵķԾȥţүеéɽһ٣Щʬȫͣ
ʯͷеķʮأ˴˷ǸоģЩʬ̽·òҸү
˷׷׵ͷ˵ã㲻õԱˡ
һΣҪɱʯͷ֮С
ɵĸԴҲָˣź˶ԣ׼ʱӦս
ôɵĸָȼʤģϾӵʱ򣬸ǹġ
㣬Ҹүǰ棬Щʬʯͷ֮С
ʯͷĽֵʮֿܹߺüʮˡ
֮ǰʯͷ֮Ѿһصܶ˽й쳣ҵɱ
һڣܿصʬѪгڱǼŨŨѪζ
үЩʬ࣬ΪǱݻЩɼĸǰ棬ЩСĸéɽЩֱֺ͡塱ֱֵĸֻһҲǰȥ
ʱ̧ͷ˿ͷϣҼǵҸүѪʽʱʯͷϿճһ󣬽ʯͷǶסˡ
ȻʱǲѾˣҲ֪ʲôʱʧġ
ʯͷһصҲ֪ʲô
ܹȷǣһ⵽ٴɣϾӽ׵϶вͨˣǲϿԸһ֮ⷨбҲʩչ
Ըʦ̫Ļ鶦ðɣܹЩ
ȫģŲ
ʱһֻͻȻҵļϣһͷһϻһڼĿңʹɫʾҳĳȥ
һģҾ֪׼û¶˳Ŀ⿴ȥƵģ֮ǰʦ̫ߵǸƯСá
ʲô˼ѹ˵
СôϻҲѹ
ȥϻȾƳ⣬ڳҶ⣬ɫİҸ˵˼ҿǸҵСãٺÿҲ˼ҵ⣬۾ʦǰ档ҷ޷޵˵
ѾȥˣһСӾ㿴㿴òÿġϻһҵļ
ҿʲôɻ
Ҹ˵ǸСò򵥣ˮ۹⻬ӣʵӦһλֻϵĸ֣ΪӦò͡ϻСõ
˵ļٵģҳԾ
һƭ㲻ɣҶඥˣϱӵ飬ΪҲ˲٣ܹӦСϵķ֮ĸ˵СӶˣҿСͶ˼Ҷ˼˰ɣϻ
һ죬æ𳶵ѾŮˣܻŻȥҾȥӴ飬Լ⣬ϡ
ҺϻһֱСÿԵʣͻȻ̧ͷ߿һۡ
һۿȥʱһľȥһصɮۣ˿زסĻòף·һ㡣
ȴ֪ģСȻĺÿȴһʥַ֮Уһ˿һ֮
ߣҺϻæջĿ⣬ٶ࿴һۡ
ϻ˵СתķŸ֣ҾÿŶȻǺܴģҪȻʦ̫ҲὫ
ܿ죬Ǳӿʯͷ֮С
үһ֣ʾȫͣ˽Ų
Ȼ󣬸үһеéɽ壬ëʬԾֳʯͷǵԾȥ
룬ëֻüǰʮʱܵĞųǣ
Ŀ֮£ëֱӱѿĴɣʬĵǣ졣
ǰĻ۾ʦһӣһϣסЩʬ飬ûϡ
֮ǰⷨѾ۾ʦƽˣ֮ⷨȻ·ãҲ̫˼ˡ
˿ⷨɱ֮ҲĿɿڴ˵
һ⳯ʦ̫һۣ֮Ҳо֮ɫ
λ˰ɣ⻹ֻʯͷȽϼ򵥵һЩķôҪڣô򵥵顣Ҹү
ʦ̫ǷķһۣŴһƴСĶ¯Ǹķ˹ȥ


2670 
ʦ̫óǸӦñǶüɽʥ鶦
ʮֺ棬ⷨƿġ
ʦ̫ǰ濿ﻹЩš
ʦ̫ߵ˽ɱëʬķԵӱǻ鶦Сķ˵ϣȻ˶ǣִһСӣٴСĴ򿪣ȻСȡһָ׸ôСĶŽǶ¯֮С
óһӣȼ֮󣬷Ž˶¯֮УǽǸָ׸ǴСĶȼˡ
Щ֮ʦ̫½Ƿ˻ȥ˻
е㷢£ˣ
˵еĻ鶦Ҳ÷߶ò̤ڵϾⷨ
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬴ǻ鶦֮пʼеƮɢܿɢߣһζڱǼ⣬ߵƮȻɡ
㱼䣬ҵƺζԻסˣ˼ҲЩҷ裬Ҳʼ
;ҲƮƮģ֪Լںδ
Ȼ䣬һֻҵļϣһһ𣬺ܿӸղʧǵ״̬зӦ˹תͷȥǻЦеĿԼ
СţƮǲ͵СأϻЦ
ҷСӼǻָǰļ䣬УһҲʲôС
СӺ˵˵ʲôأղҲ֪ô¶鶦һƮζҾ;ԼӲʹˣ޷עôȥûܵ˿Ӱ죿Сϻ
Ҳ֪һָǰΪͼ䣬ֿǿһЩɣҲⶫ÷֮ԵֿüɽзҲǷŹڷŵӡϻҽ͵
Ҿ¶Щ˵ͨǻ鶦ȥûκηŴ߶ֻǷ˵ϣȻŽһС鲻֪ɶĶ˵ҶҪһܵӰǡ
ʱҲΧЩˣЩɼĸûܵʲôӰ֮⣬˿ȥЩƯ롣
ɻ󲻽֮䣬䵱ɽͻȻС˵üɽĻ鶦òʥҲ˵ﱻǧǰλɮӳֹǷǶ¯֮еĶ㲻Ƿٵ֮ǣ׳㣬󣬵֮ѾʮֺУ㱻鶦֮еķӳ֣뵿ܹɲ÷֮һɵҵ֮ڣⱦǾͲƲʯͷ֮ܲķˡ
֪רŸ˵ģ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ͷЦеĿһۡ
һҸүȥ껹Ҫϵбһѱȥһº͡
ҵʱҲ΢΢һЦǴк
䵱ɽˣûнӴϵûмҲһλĴãоΪҲһλе豹棬ӽڵɻѾǵɵ
˵ļǣҿ˶üɽ˹ҪȻǻ治̫ðˡéɽĵ˵ͷ
ζ뵿ͻȻһĻľĽֵ֮УʵĳһЩĹӰţһЩ֧Ϣ鶦ǣţŶ¯֮˽ȥ
Ȼֳ֮˼ֵĹ㣬Ҷʱ۾һЩǴ˴ۣ鶦ά֮ⷨۺܿάֲסˡ
ȻƬ֮ЩֵĹ㲻ˣܵĞųܿ΢ҲоκηϢ
ʦ̫Щĳǻ鶦˹ȥӣ˫ֽǻ鶦ʮֵС
ˣⷨƣǿԼǰˣղķҲˣҶüɽʥǰֱǲһ
˵ţʦ̫һת㽫鶦ߵǸƯСã˵飬Űɡ
С΢΢ͷС˵ǣʦ
ʦ̫һֵ֣߰ɣһ·ɱյϳ
ʦ̫һʤĴ󽫾һ˵ǰ棬ͦأ£˷ûнշС
϶дΪģһԲ˵Ҫ̫ţշеĻƻϴûмյ׺Ǽʶġ
Ҳ˵ʲô֪ʦ̫Ƣֻø߼ǰС
ǰһξ֮󣬽ٴθо˞ųҸүһ֣ʾͣ½ŲȻһεĴ߶éɽ壬ëʬǰ̽·


2671 صɱ
ֵ֮ϣΣһηûֻܹоĴڣǲ֪Щ󾿾ֶɱ
ڶΣǴ˳棬ҪӲʯͷ֮УⷨͿˡ
󣬱ǳ˴ֻٴ˻Ҫʯͷ֮һصܶ˾һս
֪ʯͷ֮и׵ķڣٴγ˴
طΪӪմٵĵڶĻ
ëʬéɽĲٿ֮£ܿ˻֮УҲЩһȼɫĻ棬Ȼð̣ܿ죬ëʬͱ׵ȼˣһӶͱճһѷɻҡ
˿һαⷨ׺𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ëʬִѾǵȼܸߵĽʬˣȻҲ֮ⷨôЩһȫճ˷ɻҡ
ԼãʲôˣֻҪ֮ⷨУ³
۾ʦǺķ˺ܴķΪǿг
ǰ˵иķڵȴǡ
СҲɲʲô򡣡ʦ̫˵ţߵǸСʹһɫС˹ȥʦ̫һ㣬ǻ鶦˵ϡ
㲢ûȼԵʣûٴμµȥֻ轫ǻ鶦ڷıԵĴƮɢ
ܿ죬㷢ãʼάַ֮Ҳ֣ҲӵĹ⾰㱻鶦ƻˣǰһƬ̹;
ҸүЩ̫ģüëǰ濪һ£ȷʵûʲôΣ֮˲żǰͦ
Ϊˣʦ̫Щ̫ˣ˵ôǶüɽɽ֮鶦ô
Ҹүƽϣֻǵ˵鶦Ǵǧķ᲻ţֻⷨգ죬ЩʬҲǻСһЩǺõġ
ʦ̫ҲûػµһȺóǰȥ˽ϡ
Ҳ֪ⷨʲôλãʲôزŻֻЩʬ·ǰʮӣǱܵ˞ų
ǰëʬûסˣһɺϮʱëʬסˡ
áһ죬ëʬѿһرӡ
Ҫ֪ëʬͭƤǣסˣӣ֪ⷨˡ
ʦ̫һߣʼʩó˻鶦ʱƿǰķ
㣬ǽŻ鶦һ·ƿ߰˴أһ·ͦ˽ӽɶĵطǷƣһǰһʧ
ƾʦ̫ǵ֣¸ɵͷһ㡣
ţǰͻȻĿЩʯͷӱ˦
ֵǣһ·֮ϣֻ˷һصܶЩͷʹһûԴ˽ʯͷ֮󣬱ҲûмǵӰҲ֪ںδˡ
л鶦үҲҵģЩʬ̽·ʦ̫µĵǰ棬ǶüɽȨ
ЩǰԣЩСЩ̲üɽʦ̫˽ҲСۣʦ̫δЩֺ̫ƾŻ鶦ôҪûʦ̫ƾֶƿ󣬵Ҳŷʲôţġ
ǰչЩõҶֹ˼ʦ̫Ķ䵹Ǻ飬תͷ˰չһۣʾ˵䣬˼ţţȥ£Ҳûôı
ǰʮӣҲûʲôҲûпһˡ
˾Щֹˡ
֮ǰÿǰһξ룬һɱ󣬿Ȼûˣʮֵİ
ҽųӳȥһ·ϢҲûиоʲô
үһֱǰļ߽ʬ̽·ܿǼ߽ʬ߳ʮףûʲô
ʦ̫µĵӴǵǰߣ͸˭ŴͷƵġ
ʦ̫ǰʮףͻȻһ٣һã
ţʦ̫Ųһ٣ٵƮɣߵǸСҲӦ죬ͬʱʦ̫һͬ˺󣬲С˳ʱֱַֻץסãһͬק˻
ЩӦĶüɽÿɾ͵ùˡ
ƾ֮УͻȻųļΪңҲ֪ǴʲôطðĽһƬһٵĺɨһȦ±߰˸ñǷɱˣһص⡣


2672 
ͻȻ֮ıʣڳ˶ɵˡ
ʲô
Ҹү̽·ǼëʬһûУʦ̫һÿǷ󣬷ˣһôˡ
ֻô˵ʦ̫ǸһģվͳһսߣԴӼ֮ʦ̫̫ˣ˶ҪΪհЩ˵Ĵͷϴ
Լµĵӣһֱǰ棬˶һľ룬һǰӡ
ºˣʦ̫һԼǷɱˡ
ʦ̫µĳǷķһۣ¶˾֮ɫЩŵ˵⡭⵽ôһ¶ΪʲôЩʬԹȥǱȥ
ǰ߰˸üɽĵӣȫƾðĽ˺һص⣬ʮ飬Ѫأƴⶼûˡ
۾ʦһ·ĵǻָ˲ΪͻȻǷķ򻺲ȥ
ߵһ⻹׵ĵطһֻ֣зէ֣ڸӦʲô
Ƭ֮󣬻۾ʦ۷˻˵˴һһ뷨֮󣬷ͨųӦ˵õ֮γɽ˲ɽ˽ɱЩʬΪûκԲܹƽµĴ󡣡
۾ʦ˵˲֪ⷨľ֮
˷ʤ
ķΪҪġ
û֮յӰӶ˾Ĳˡ
ҿ´һǰ̽·ǣǷ֮лһܹӵĳ
ǹͷ˵ľ
İանķɱôӣƶж˿飬Ϊµӱѩޣʦ̫ҧгݵ˵
ݻ˭˵Ҫ˰գʦ̫Ʊûˡ
ǲ֪վжôײС
۾ʦʱ·ֿһۣ˵մӵʮΪڷѾ뻯ղһ·߹ʱԾɿԸܵ΢ĞųҲ˵ƻЩ󣬾ʱ֮Щ֮ٴηãʯͷǾһ޴ķ󣬰ʯͷ֮ڵķݲãһһľǽ컯ˮݱɣԷ󣬲գλСΪ
۾ʦһȻǸ˵ģҸоҪĻǵ㻯ʦ̫䲻ҪŪ˶Ҫꡣ
ʦ̫ҲҸ۾ʦֻصĸɮ粵ֻǸߵǸεСõ飬ȥⷨ󡣡
СӦһŻ鶦ߵ˷֮ǰʼʩȼ㡣
һֱԽǰߣ֮ⷨԽǿ󣬻鶦ڷǰʱҲԽ
һΣҿСû˫ֽӡǰǷңң˹ȥ
һɰķ֮ӹȥ
ų֮䣬鶦ɢζǷ֮УɵǷ֮
ܿ죬Сñ˻鶦ǰЩʬ˹ȥ
Ųʱ˵Ķ
Сõĵӿһ֮ⷨлè壬ҪС
һΣСþֱߵëʬת˵λǰգˡ
СõĻŷ첽߹⴦󣬸Сûһ
ϻ˵Сò򵥣Ȼǿкǿķ֮
ղſֻһУƳһЩ
ӷ𡭡ϵģ۾ʦͻȻߵСõǰ˫ֺʮһ
СԵЩңæЩܳ˵ӵȻϵû۾ʦ̨ɽס֣֮һɮ
۾ʦֵǰأ
С۾ʦ˵¶ʹɫͰף¸ǺѪɫΪʹҡҡͷȴ˵һ
˰ˡޣӦûûоѣҼʽûһȴ龰֮¼棬컯Ūˣϰ۾ʦЩȻ˵
СҡҡͷЩѵ˵лʦ򣬵޶ۡ
ֻ˵ûͷûԵĻ۾ʦûٶԣ˼ǰȥ
۾ʦ˼ӦʶСãǰǹʽ
Ȧʵ̫Сˣһôˣʶ˺üӡ
ôû˵ɣСѾֻˣֻûоѣһѣҲǸϻ


2673 ı
ϻһ۾ģУȴʲô
ǷУ˴֮ҲܹӦɡ
Ҫ˵ʦ̫ҲǹԵģСת˼ɮᣬȻͽʹߺġ
ǻ۾ʦоȻϻֻǵڶξѣ۾ʦһֱͽһ㡣
˼ǰߡ
һΣҸүζéɽ壬Ǽپ߽ʬȫǵǰ棬·
ǰԼʮѾĳǵĸأɶԽȥˡ
˴ԼأҲûκηأûпκһˡ
ԽԽŹˣûκε
һֱǺԳͻȻС˹Щ˵λлҪ˵
ԳĻȫͣ
Գɨһۣ˵м䰡Ҳòλɶ򽩿ߣʯͷǵĽأѰǸطǲκ˹ȥģֻлͱټ֮ˣܽǸڣܶӦþǸطչУô꣬ҲֻһķһҪСˣǰ϶йŹ֡
ԳĻ˵ٴξ
ôãǧգնվҪǸǿĵˡ
ŷɥħͷա
һ뵽ܹܿлЩȻġ
ܴܲɱһδ֪
пܣЩˣһҲ޷ųȥ
֪ˣȼǰգƶλɱǰձǣЩΪõģǧ򲻿ɿƾ׵Ķƶûǡʦ̫
ǼǳԲǴ򣬸ղһ󶼲ɱˣ㲻
ҲѾЩϰõĴ·Ȼ˵Щ̫һֱҪ˰յĶ־ȴǾɼΣֵñ
˵䣬˼᫵ĵ·ʯͷǵĽȥ
һ·ϣǰʮɼĸֶ۾ͣĳɨӣ۲һһ
ͬʱҲӦÞųӦΧı仯ʲôصķ
ҲÞųӦţʲôûиӦ
ܰĿ£ʲôûУҲ֪ЩһصĹͷʹܵȥˡ
ô˵ٻǧˣѵȫƾʧ˲ɣ
ԽҾӦþԽΣգһжǱ֮ǰ
ȻѾǵĴڣɱôˣܹǡ
Ҫ˵֪ˣǼǧӣҲǲڵģķ
ţͻȻ;Щƣ֪ǲǸղŶһξѪԵʣڷ֮ʼˣЩֽŷȫоЩ
˵ӦǣѰ˶þѪ֮ĺܴ󣬵ҵĵڳˣָıȽϿ죬ҸղŻеΪ˺ϴ辭ɵˡ
ϼһΪ˻ȫֲҶþѪĿգҴ´࣬Ҳ
飬ͻȻһϤڽҵ֡
СŸ硭СŸ硭
һͷȥһӰ߱ܶʱ־ϲ
߲ˣδӡ
һʮԶʱұ㾪ϲӣôˣ
Ҳ㣬éɽټɵĸΧһصܶ棬ݳ¼ҲӵӢԾ͸˹
ͻȻŻ˽Ųһĳ˹
һã˵ҸȻ
һЩֵ˵ӣҲ͸˵ôڼңҰ飬ȥ¼ȢţطΣա
ҾҪһҪˣҾ͸һ𡣡춯˵
ſ˻Ҫһı
ۿųҪߵߵʱҲſ˻ǴӺĶ֮УͻȻһˣһѽһ´˳ؿ֮С
һĲľ룬ҿʳѪϵЦݽ̣૵ĺСŸ磬ľ͵ȥ
㡭㣡Ҫ㣬СŸҲ뿪ңҪɱ㣡һϤ
ҿ챻ͻȻðǸһؿڵʱ˶µģԴһҪըݵʧ̼֮˽꣬Ǹɱɱȥ
ҵĽҪ˵ϵʱͻȻתͷ۰磬۵ί벻ʣ˾Ȼʧò
СŸ硭ɱҰɡⱲӲܸһܹĽ£Ҳ޺ˣҧ촽䡣


2674 һ㣡
еĽڷڵѪôҲ뵽ʱ򣬳ͻȻҲ뵽ڶ֮УʼգҶûע⵽ĴڣƾճȻһ˳ؿڣɱŮˡ
ʲôʱأΪʲôһֱûз֣
ŭʹࡢһͬϮҳɡ
Ҳ֪һòȥɱǰŮˣһİŮնɱŮˡ
ҲǰңҲһ
ҷŭĴţţ˵Ҫɱ㡣
Ǵһ˿ȻĿЦ˵СŸ磬ɱҰɣⱲӲһһŻʲô˼ɱҰɱҰ
Ϊɱ㣿ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҲŽеĽĿڣޱ޼ʵʹཫû
㶯ְɱҡǲǲҶ֣ǺðɣԼǷҵģҼǺˣ˵ţͻȻ֣дѪĽ˫ţ͵һ»ԼĲӡ
ȵѪʱ罦Žһ
ҪҶеĽ꣬һѱס˵ڵϵ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôΪʲôҵ£ŴŵĹϡ
ΡΡ֣ǹһĨЦݣҵգѵ˵СŸ硭㡭ҡǲǡҾҪˡ±ӣҡԸ⡭
仰û˵꣬ԴһᣬûϢӿѪôֹס
СŸ硭
һ˹ǵһѪֹĳ졣
ҽһ࣬æ˹ȥ֣˻
ӡ¡û¶ġõġ㲻ȥҶȣҲԸˣҾֻһҪȢؼҡҽıų죬䡣
ûһĹҲû
ΪʲôΪʲôİŮˣһҪ뿪ңѵҪһһ¼ҹ
СŸ硭ҡ֪Ǹ˲ҡ㰮ѾˣûСûһ˿Ȼϣ㻹ҪʬںǲǡҡֻһӰӡһֱǡǵѪϵӿʼĻɢӳ֮ǰľΡ
㲻κ˵Ӱӣǳ죬ⱲҪȢˣסҾغҶȣ㲻ģҪԶһ𡭡
˵ţ񾭲һţһѱ
þһ˿ץסҵӣѵ˵СŸ硭㡭Ƿҵġ
һ䣬۾ҲˣһɢץӵҲȥ

𣬱߽ӣߵŮȫˣһûʣ£ʲôΪʲô˶ҪҶȥ
찡㲻ôҲһˣһ㣡
еľ޷һ֣ڲԶĽҵС
ӡڻȪ·ϵһϾ͹ȥ㣬˵ģҪһ̤ϻȪ·±ӻҪһ𣡡
ţұ㽫׼ҵĲӣ˫סһҧȻȥ
ȻʱͻȻƾһֻͻȻץסҵĸ첲еĽҲ޷ֺ
ӷ𡭡ִħ̫ˣຣޱߣͷǰɣһҶȻǰһâͻȻһƬڡ
֪˶ãֱߵ޷ƣ᲻ͣĹ
ӡѰɡһϤҶ
Ҳ۾Ҳ뿴ǲпһĻһֱһҶ߻죬۾ĳħҳ嶯ߵ齥侲
Ȼ䣬˫ۣˮģҵߡ
òףҲſǰǸˣǻеʦ۾ʦ
Ž꣬һĨӵĶ۾ʦץסңֹɱ
ӷ𡭡ѹˣղһжǻȫǼٵģǲ֪ߵ˰ղõķ֮Уֲⷨħȥֹɱ취ⷨ󡣡۾ʦЩ˵
Щ£޷Ӹղʹ;֮ѳĻǺʹ޷԰Ρ
ǸղŻ۾ʦ˵֮ǰһжǼٵģΪʲôҾʵҸղҪɱ
˺üŵȥģǳʬ϶ǵȥҵʱ򣬵ϲûˡ


2675 Ϊ
۾ʦ˵ĶģղŵһжǻѾٴڰչķ֮УȻҲ֪ʲô󣬵֮ⷨκηҪֲ׺
ԼɱԼʹ;֮в̵ȥ
ղŵһж̫ʵˣʵľǸոշһΪֹҶȫȷղŷһǼٵġ
ƽϢ˺һϵĴشϢҲԼƽ
ʱʹ޵ҵźڶߡ
̧ͷȥʱ߸ɵ˺ˣ˶ͷʹó˷ԼĿȥԼԼ
ĳ˿кŵϵԴһʯͷײ˹ȥͷѪȴײֹ
үҲʹ飬״񲣬һ߻еķһ߱ʹ˵岻峤ôˣһصѹ˼ʮ꣬ԼĶҲڲǰսϹͷŻʲô壬ˡ
˵ţٽԼĨȥһţҪٰ˲ȥ۾ʦѾߣһץסеĽһַֻէ֣ţǻһ𣬽˵
ٻٻҶԲ㡭ؼþеİ취ûнȻѦλֵҲ޿κΣôˡʱ޿̲㣬Ҳȥ㣬һһЩδɵԸ㲻Ҫߡȵҡȥ㡭
һұ쳣졣
һͷȥ˵˾ȻҸүź꽣Ҳ׼ԼĲӣƱҪĨȥ
ҲϣôʲôҸүôߵΪȻҲУ
ʱĸүݺᣬĲѣղŻ۾ʦ˵ħүħһҪء
ҪȻΪڵֵסĳģ
үҪĨӣæȥȥץҸү֣ʱүǱ۾ģ־һնɱҾˣҪңоֻٻһˣľˣҲܸκιϸ𣡡
үһأҿ㿪ţ־еĽҪĨӡ
ʱΪͻȻǰȥֹҸүʱƴһ
ŸʲôϽæΪһ߸Ҹүһ߳к˹
Ӧһæ˹ȥΪһȥԸҸү
үģ⵽ʲôƷˣŪ˶񲣬޿䣬ѾкܶĨɱˣûգ߾ôˡ
ҺΪ֣ԸҸүʱ򣬻ͻȻһԳ֣һսš
ԻĸүΪܵ˺ܴƣûȵģˣ˲ŷ˺ôҸүס
Ϊ˶˸үϣĲסϻæǰ˵Ͻһ¿Ҹүͷϣүܿ侲
үڱסˣҲųһһƨ˵ϡ
ʲô㸺ңҾһӣһӶҡ˰ɣ㿴
һٴδ˹ѭȥʦֿ̫ЦеķסԼĲӣԼ
һ˪ʦ̫ʱҲǸйµ˰
֮ⷨУΪߣܵħصģӦңҸүʦ̫
ʦ̫˷񲣬µĵһʮüȥʦ̫Ʒڵأס
ҷ崿ޱȵСҲûܵĸţüͷǻ鶦˵ϣóһǷ˽ȥȼ֮󣬱ǻ鶦Ա˾ġ
ᣬƮɽڣĳ뵶ȥ
üɽٵҲ˵ϣСһ˷𾭡
ǶüɽˣЩ̨ɽɽŻɽɽ¡ȵȸĸɮ׷˵ϣСеľһͬʼС
ķռ֮Ʈ˾޴Ĺټǻ鶦㹲ͬãܹ𵽰ħá
ģЩĿ޺֮С˺ܶ࣬ܶڵϣһĸ֡
̧ͷҸүķȥʱ򣬷˼Ѿȫָǣ˽ֻ꣬ϻδɵۣҲ쳣ء


2676鶦
Ҳ֪үղžʲôֻǿǰģղĻþĻҪʹ顣
ôҲ뵽ҸүΪӦüǿǣǾ˼ҲС
ղŻ۾ʦ˵ִִޱߵĿຣɼҸүҲһֱڿຣ֮
һֱøүǰĸĪ⣬󣬿֪ҲŷʵѰҼһαװǣҲһˡ
ȥˣһչǿҲǽ˫ۣ棬֪Ǵ˿Ժʲô
ǣִӦûôֻȴɱĶ
ôɵĸɮһֱз𾭵Եʣôɮһз𾭣γһǿ뵿ⷨŵ˶ܵ˷ĸȾеħ
ɾʱ򣬶ͻȻһƺߣ̧ͷȥǻ鶦ǰСõ˵ϣѪ˳ǷڵϵĻ鶦֪ʲôԵʣȻѿˣҲɢƮɢ
һæȥСøеλСʦû¶ɣ
С̧ͷһۣɫҰףѪɫһޱȣĴһ˿ʹ
ҡҡͷ˵ƶᡭã̫ⷨǿˣ鶦Ҳ޷Ƶⷨ󣬸ղƶ÷𷨼ӳֻ鶦Ҳ޷עﶼһЩûмƬΣƶҲħȴ֪Ӻζ𡭡
Ҵϻе֪Сתֻ˼ĸ֣ǵղ÷𷨼ӳֻ鶦ʱԺйƬӦǰļ䣬һûħǲǰûС
Ȼ룬ȴܸΪղŻ۾ʦûи˵ƣȻԵɵģֺαضء
ҴһŲѪĵҩݸСã˵Ѧҩ̵ҩܹõģ°ɣкܴĺô
Сýӹеĵҩ΢΢ͷһл㽫ǵҩһ£ڵ˹Ϸ
ʱͻȻٴһΣֿʼģ
ã鶦ⷨķ֮ѵˣոձѹһЩ֮ǿʢ
ЩΣȻǷ֮ٴνʴ˵ҺܿҪµĻ֮С
ûбԻ֮ǰұҪ취С
뵽һҧ⣬һɴʹʱȫͷεжʱʧ̨һƬ
ٴ̧ͷȥʱ򣬷Щ˵кܶٴУһƬҰʹ飬˷׼Ҫɱ
Щз𾭵ĸɵĸɮҲһζ亹ȻЩסˡ
Щ̫ҸүͷŸүķȥʱɫԵüΪƽҲûܵǷӰ졣
ʱʱܹƲܵԻҸү϶ҲٴС
ⷨƻ˶Ҫݻ֮УղѴ֮׾ٵľܹЩȫ
η֮˷ʤоĴڣҲ֪ʲôʱеС
УȻҲӦеӣϾʱʮΪ
ָңʱҲûţЩĥķˣұٰ˲ȥֹɱʱֱһΣҪôлɢɥʧһз֮
ߵ̫ˣѵ̫٣޷ֹһʱ䣬ܶٴܵԻ󣬷׷ײȡְ취ĿľֻһǾǽԼɱ
ģһⷨ󣡡۾ʦȺ֮
˳ȥϻϽ𲧿ٵı˻۾ʦߡ
λڵϣ棬Ա۾
Ȼ䣬ϻϽ𲧳ͷ׷ɶȥϽԽԽߣҲǱԽԽ󣬿ٵת
ڵϵĻ۾ʦͻҲ˷𾭣ӳϽ𲧡
з𾭵Ͻ֮϶ʱų⣬翪ССķֳƮɢ
ʱЩɵĸɮ׷۾̧ͷϽ𲧣¶˼ɫҵϣһ㡣
СãҲͻȻ۾˫ֺʮһ֮ɫ
һΣɵĸɮͬʱ˷𾭡
ιͬӳֵĲǻ鶦̨ɽɽ֮Ͻ𲧡
ֺķ˷ͬϽͷųķҲǸӵ財
ЩԵϾҪɱˣܵŷ֣ʱͣеĶĳͷϵϽ𲧿ȥ


2677 ħ
Ͻ𲧷ãڸɸɮͬļӳ֮£ɢеħ
һĹ򣬲˴ӻ֮ʹ࣬һãȻ֮ɫӣ֪ʲô顣
Ͻ𲧵ķ֮ǿʢܲɢŷ֮
Ȼ䣬˷ͻȻ˼顱죬ɫڶ
۾ʦֳһָϽ£˽ɫĹâƮ˻۾ʦС
ϽһЩɮо֮ʱҲȫͣ
нϽ𣬽۾ʦӵϲҲ˹ȥ˿һۡ
ϻͻ۾ʦɫĲ԰һȻ֮ɫ
ϻʲôʵ
ϻ˵ͷ˵ħѾƵˡ
ӷ𡭡ʵǸĪ⣬˴ķΪħĿֲ֮ڣܹĶصĶҲ޴ӣһܹ޷Ŵִ̫ˣڷ֮ɥûִ̫Ҳ֮ܵľĿ׽ǰȴΪЩ׽֮˰˺֮ˣ޾ľ֮ɥʧȥӶԼԼɱˡ
ڳˣǽŮĸֵûмûִأ˸ɵɮз𷨣ĴԿգܹ֮ⷨмرģܵħ̫Ӱ֮⣬˻ȫУڴ˴һûа취ƽĻĽֻһκһնᱻԼħɣҲһ˻뿪
۾ʦ˵ţٴ˫ֺʮҷȱ
ⷨȻˣȴ˰ɵȫС
֮ⷨɥҲǲһǧӦеģҲɹĸ֡
˵ǣҺͺҸүղҲ֮ⷨС
ʲô鶦Ȼˣһ쳣ļ
˻ͷȥǶüɽʦ̫Ѿָǣ˫ѳĻ鶦Ӷڷ
Ҳ֪ΪۣǷŭ߶С
Ͼ鶦Ƕüɽɽ֮һ·ϴ󣬴ȴħ֮бķ֮Ūģ
ʦ鶦ܵ˷ķ֮ѵġСŽ͵
Ϊʦ鶦㣬ǶΣȻȴֻҶüɽʥ飬֪𣿡ʦ̫߳ŭȻеԹȫСõϡ
СίǴʱҲͲֱͨӹʦ̫ǰֵ֪̿ʦ𷣡
鶦ѾˣɱҲûκôղΪʲô鶦ֲ֪ⷨȴӲҪ㵽װʲôģʦ̫ǳ
ʦӿǰܵԻ󣬺ܶɥֻû鶦û뵽ⷨķ֮ôǿ
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҶüɽʥ鶦У㻹Ϊʦǿʶʦ̫ŭֵ
ʦ̫ƶ鲻ùﵽλСʦϣղħǿСʦҲΪȸ˵Żˣֲǹ𻵵鶦ġΪʵǿȥˣǰ˵
Ҷüɽ飬ֵõ죡
ʦ̫ܿͽŭתƵΪ˵ϣײϡ
Ϊһ죬첱Ӵ֣ȴ˵һ仰
ʦ̫ǲǳ˻ҩˣ˵ô壬ղҪСʦû鶦ס˾ƣҲѾɱˣղҲݻþ֮У˵ʲô˭һӣһҲ㡭ιʱСƶסˡ˺ٺһЦ̲ס
仰϶Ǵʦ̫ʹ㣬ʱŭŭһϷӣƶɱ㣡
˵ţеķһһɿֲɱ֮ʱڶ𣬵֮϶ʱѿһӣӶȥ
Ҳţһֻ̤棬˫ֿٵĽһѿĴǰһ׶ĵطͣ
ʦ̫ûоʹ֣ŷ㳯˴˹
ᡱһ죬˵ıԾȻһʱӦս׼
ʱҸүͻȻ˵ǰ˵һɨǧ㳯ʦ̫նȥ
ʦ̫еķһɨǵݺĽӱ˵ϣŭðǼ϶۸һŮӣ


2678 ڧ
ʦ̫ʵ̫ˣ鶦ѵȫСϣֻǺȰҲһǳ⡣
ΪǰǶǳĴ˵ںǳ⣬ܹҵס˵䣬ʦ̫ɱġ
ƽʱţ˵ʲôĺԸյʱȴͷˣڳĺܶ˶
ҸүΪӺΪ˵ѣһվ˳סʦ̫
ʦ̫ƽʱŰ裬ϷҲ㣬ĺԸһصܶĹؼʱ̣ȴˣװʲôģҸү
ʦ̫һϹǼ۸һŮҲͰˣֽټƶͷϣôƶһصܶӦɣ
ӦӦƶֻ̫ڴ󶯸ɸ꣬ƻ˽ɵˣеǰ㲻̫𣿡䵱ɽҲȥˣվ˵
ððֳһǴһϣƶξ壿ʦ̫ͱ˵˵
㲻ʦ̫ôߵΪôһ˵Ը񣬰˵Ϊ֮صԣƢִһﶼ⣬ʦ̫Ƣ֣Ƣéʯͷ˭ҧ˭κһ˷С
ۿ߽֣۾ʦܿǰ˵м䣬˫ֺʮӷ𣬴еǰڲӦˣʲôԹҲҪĳ˵˿̣˵ĳطĿλЦءҵɱɱǱ˰Ǹħͷ
˻һڣкȻʦ̫ҲԵЩŲתͷĹˣյӰ
ȻܶǰããаյӰ
۾ʦ˵ţʦ̫ȥܿͣߣֵ̽ʦ̫ɷǻ鶦һ
ʦ̫ҵ۾ʦЩ˵УҲͻ۾ʦֱܸ档
ű㽫ѿĻ鶦˳ݸ˻۾ʦ
۾ʦУϸһ˵ʦ̫㲻˴󶯸λ鶦ǿ޸ģҵȻܳĳǣص棬ֻҰλɮ¼ӳʮɣҺúŰɡ
˵ţ۾ʦֽǻ鶦ʦ̫
ʦ̫ٴνӹǻ鶦ʱ򣬲ǰһ
ֵǣ۾ʦֻǽѵĻ鶦ӹȥһѿĻ鶦Ȼ漣ĸһ𣬾͸֮ǰһ޶
˭Ҳ֪۾ʦġ
ˣʦ̫Ҳٶԣǻ鶦
ӷ𡭡СʦɣԺԴڶüɽҲԲڶüɽֻҪзʲôطһС۾ʦ
Сʦһ¶Ŀ˻۾ʦ
۾ʦʲô˼ƶ˵Ҫʦ𣿡Щõ˵
ʦ̫ΪῴСʦߣѹƣ쳾վѵĺá
ʦ̫ɫһһһҲ˵
ʱǰͻȻ˷һҽУ쳣Ĵ̶
˵ĿѭȥǰͻȻһɧңܶ˶
ˡЩʬʼˡ˴˵
֮䣬ү֮ǰéɽƵЩʬǲʹˣŭųԾǰ治ԶѾ˱˵ڵأЩʬҧ
˿һĻʱʧɫ
Ҹү꽣ǰ˼Ȼéɽ˳
˼֮󣬱Ļζéɽ壬ЩԭŭֹĽʬʱͣ˽ŲԭػһǴһ㡣
ղ˱ħסʱЩү̽·ĽʬȫܷκӰ졣
ǸոħЩʬ۶ӡ
ԣڿЩʬ
ܹһ¿סôཀྵʬģʲôأ
һ뵽ҵľ
үеéɽζԽԽҲЩЩʬһʼǻԭԾֹƬ̣ðɫʬ
Ŀ֮£پ߽ʬ׷ױѿʬɣЩ߷˹
үһƺߣæ˼񾪿ֱֱֶĳЩʬѵķȥ
صʬǰĿġ
ܹЩʬˣһص֮ܶоֻа˰ɡ
һЩ۵ĴЦӰ֮Ʈɢ˹


2679 
Цôôأ
Ȼ䣬ҽסһ
⡭Ӧǰյϴγéɽʱ򣬾һʮСģŻԵۡ
Ҳ̫ȷǿҸү֮󣬾֪϶ˡ
˰գ֮ʲôܹŵסҸүأ
ĿЩʬѳһأеĻֶ̿ʱﵽ˼㡣
ҲޱȵأߵǼλɼĸ֣ʼЩ
գĹȻҶüɽ鶦Ҷüɽһصͬˮ𣬲죡
˽֮ʱʦ̫ͻȻƿڴ
ʦ̫Ҳˣ治֪ǹһصģǹЦġ
վͣѵһ㿴
ưնָͷܽǶüɽķ飬ΪжƵġ
ʦ̫Ļ˶ûеһ¶
۵ĴЦĴӰ˹ʱԶʱƮ
ʱӴʱϸӬɶ
˶˳ڵȴţ˷ͻȻһƬһڵ϶
Ҿ;ҵѣҪɤһ㡣
ֹƬ̣һֵķ紵˹ܵİĴɢȻǱ㿴ԶһȺ
Ϊ۵һɫĽӣգǽӵԱ߻ſһ
һŵҵһ
ǶǱģǰûиɵǸɣſλؽεԱߣϻв˺ۣҲǸү֮ǰ÷˵ġ
˵үéɽƵЩʬôͻȻԭɴи
ǽʬ֮жĴڣܹƸֽʬүסЩʬ˵Сһ
éɽҲǷéɽ֮һéӯķڸéɽ嶷Щʬܲסˣ׷ʬйѿ
ɻǣɶ򽩿߲ҸүǸôɵγģ
ϸһ룬һЩüĿһ˫צӸɽһ㣬Ƕսôʱ䣬Ӧġ
Ҫôǰҵ˳
Ҫô˵Ļ򽩿ߵĽʬҲпȫ˳
һ뵽ҵٴγʮˣԸգֶһ
ɺλؽ֮⣬ǽӵܻĸι״Ľʬ
ЩʬԴܴ󣬱Ľʬͷһǣ۾͹ۿ۾һͷҲֻܴ۾һƬ֮ɫ
֮⣬ǵ۵ۼף˫ҲͨĽʬǰ˷ָףϺһһǯӣﭺڷͬһһվ
üһֻ̧ӵĽʬֻ⽩ʬЩ֣һʱҲϲǱߵĸүүλؽԱߵľ߽ʬʲô
ʬүһ
ʲôЩû̫ס
ʬǽʬеߣǽͬȼľžë𼶱Ľʬһ취以ƴɱɣʣµһ߽ʬʬʬȡ˾߸ߵȽʬڣᷢѱ䣬ΪʬҲ˵ʬҪëֽʬǿ࣬һҪСˣүҲչ˲㣬үɡү
ҵ˵ͷŰյǸȥվŵıкƺƵǧ
Щ˱֮ǰǴ˻ʯͷǵЩͷʹɫ硣
ղŵһս˲أЩͷʹȴ쳣ǿȻҲ˲ˣȴû˶ࡣ
ۺʵϣЩһصʹʵʮǿ
߶ݣ಻ʮ׵ľ롣
һ΢紵λؽεĽڵ϶Űյġ
ҪԸǸǡ
򵥰û뵽ôҵ˴ĳǣô˹ãʡıһȥǡ۵λؽ洫˳
һ𣬵ϱһӹߵʱѾ۳һɿ磬˵죬ΪǳһЩЩվȡ
գڳˣղǷȻٵǶüɽɽ֮鶦ˣƶҪúһ㣡֪ʦ̫ǰ˼еķһը죬ʾȨ
鶦ʲôǶüɽڱҲֵһᣬûʸ˵ٴδ˰յ


2680 ̫į
գҪΪΪ߱޷죬ºܶʱձڣʦ̫˵ţһΣеķʱһը죬ǷҲԽԽ˿ߣŰǶλؽδ˹ȥ
ŷ֣ʦ̫ȷǱˣһװĳɷûУһգ˶ŵĲᣬһҶλãһԲϣȻưգ⵨ӻ治һķʡ
ʦ̫һֵʱҾ֪Ҫ¶϶ҪԴġ
ʦ̫ķ򵽰λؽΣһֱſڰսߵɶʱεضβһ˦㳯ʦ̫˹ȥ
ʮײУβܽʯ顣
ʦ̫Ҫλؽεķ·֮۷˻ɴ˹ȥ
ɵβʹʦ̫ķϣһը졣
ʦ̫һƺߣ˵ϣ˼ɲģһ˱㳯ʦ̫ҧȥ
ʱһֱûô˵ɽʦͻȻ֣ңңĳĳһƣһηӡɵǰ
һײ˷ӡ֮ϣǷӡײɢ
ϻϽͻȻּ˳ɵԴϣһ¼׼ͷɷһͷڵء
ɷ𣬻Ҫλؽеİյ˵һ֣
ɶʱֹͣ˹һ˫񶾵İɫȴҸүǼǰɨһſλؽεߡ
λԶЩѣҲ۽ٶҲ٣ǶҪģҲһʱǲأǽ﷢һЦ
˵ƵᣬǶһ㣬ѹԴӼһ𣬴λؽ֮ɢĿֲϢһֱϵĳֶ
ųӿ׳лȻޱȡ
ߵ˶ס˺۾ȫŰյλؽΡ
û˵Ҳû˷һ˿
ҷܹоһǼİձʵʵڵİգǰո֮ϵһꡣ
˿̵İɢĿֲϢҪȵéɽʱǿ˺ܶܶ࡭
ӷ𡭡գּˡ۾ʦͻȻǰ˫ֺʮ
Уǲֹһ˰ɣ֪ǳƺΪ۾ػģһʱҲǼģֻ뱾ΪУһ˹Ͳ±꣬Ϊ𣿡յ˵
ӷ𡭡ĵΪһ̫ƽø޹֮ΪʲôȥǣִԲΪĽˣеڰھݡسɷ֮ҲͲ˵ˣ˵϶Ҳͬ¸ɵĸһͬǰҪ㳹һ˶ϵġ۾ʦ
չЦȻۣȴʮ̶ִЩסģֱ˫ס˶䣬ҲһѪӿ
۾Ⱥ֮Уûм˱ܹһҲʸ˵ˣҲֻ⡣ʵأЩûʲô˵ģֻǱֻ˵ʮʵ̫įˣҸ˵˵ñ𿴿˻˭
˵ţоǽһɭ֮⳯˹âڱ
úúá˼ˣܶϤ˶ˣéɽǸţϵҲ޳˵ɣһǼˣ𻹸ܵǧƵϢé϶϶һӰɽ֮УȻŪһƳ棬ıһķһٶ꣬ҵһԽʬĶ¯ĶԹ˽ɡڶ֮ǰ𲻵òһ䣬ںڻлᣬǰԹӲдҪȻ˳߲ٴε˵
ŰյĻܶ˵ĺٴαĴɢĿֲϢʱ޿̲ٳʩѹЩ͸
Щˣڰյѹ֮£ܶȽŷѾ˵ϡ
ﲻԸ⣬ǿѹ֮£ȽѾʹˡ
գүģڵүǰװʲôͷ⣬ֻʮôү˺üأ㣬үҿһ£ɽǸʬ˳վǰ棬ָŰյλؽα
⶷ʬһſλؽԱߵǸɶʱ޷ˣƺһͻȻվʬЩη塣


2681 Ƕ
ʬͬΪʬҶǼƷʬ
ڼʱڣÿ춼Ҫ˵ѪԴԼĵУвŻͻͽ
⶷ʬǰˣһֱڣ˵Ҳˣô䣬ÿҲҪȲ˵Ѫ⼸䣬˭Ҳ֪׺˶˵Ѫ
ɽ׽ЩιʬˣȻߣǽϵĴ֮ߵѪҪͨ˵Ѫ̺ǿĶࡣ
ͬʲôѪȣѪԴʱ򣬾Щ˵棬ʱ䣬һصڶ˺һֱó˵ѪιʳɣѪȻҲܹɵĵǸʬȣԾͲࡣ
ͺñҸү֮Ĳࡣ
⼸ͨ˺ϴ辭˲ֵΪΪá
үȻҲ˺ϴ辭ķţҲ⹦ɹܶ˵Ϊ
һǲͬǸүΪǿųʱΪȣԵñĺܶࡣ
һٳɣһǾµĳĸһЩ֪
ҪȻʬ֮ǰһֵʱʮɼҲᾪǰģ
⶷ʬγ֮ǰ޵֮ˣһǵʱɽ޵ţ߻ħ˶ʬежʬǿߺϲһԶһĽʬܹġ
ԣ⶷ʬһվɾԵЩ־Ӹ߸߹һƬҲǻ죬һȫ䱸ļơ
ʬһǴ˼Ķʬ治û뵽ЩԳɵˣҲỿֶаԼãЩҲǱ£ȴһЩ˵ĹȴûôĹûʣǶƾƣԼǴ֮ˣȴЩɵСˣͱǸϲʦéΪͽʵϾ뽫صǸ֮У¶ϣ֮Ĵţȴдõ껪Ҫܣ϶˼ʮ꣬Ѿ㹻ˡҲǸط
ڽİЩ˹ҲٲЩ΢΢
λؽһ༤Ϣٴγ˹ϵʯ죬ЩѾʼסϢ׷˼
գƶûм޳֮ˣƶȻһ߶ʬ٣ǴûɱһˣƶеҲȫǴ֮ˣأһѪĹ֣жһ㣬ݽ棬ɱɱ֪ǽиĸŮǸһʻĳ֮Уе˿¾гǧɡǶʬͻȻЩˣָǰƿڴ
˵ĺ˵ĺáˣǵʱ䲻ˣھɣշЦ˼ǧͷʹ׷׾˷žͳ߳ɱ
Ƕʬǵһֵģ˫һֱ۶ʱִ׳Ҳޱȿ࣬ԴҲ˫͹ݣһõĵ۱ϡ飬û뵽ǣ⶷ʬϾȻҲһۼףϵۼ׸ͬʬϵۼ׾Ƥһֳ֮ɫкɫѪݺύٲȻһ
ʬͻȻģվߵҲһ
һͻȻƾʧˣٴע⵽ʱѾǾײһڵŷ˼ͷͷͣЩԭ˹Ĺͷʹ͸߼Ʒʬײı˳ȥɥ
ɱҸүеĽ𣬶˵ͳŰյǶλؽδһǻ㾦ʽ
ʮɼＸͬʱ֣ó˿ҵı죬ͬʱλؽеİϮɱȥ
λؽеİշһɭȻЦ
λؽεͻȻʮϰεض𣬽λؽθΧ£
ʮλɼֶδ֮ϣ׷ʯ󺣣ûκλӦ
ƾЩèֶΣҲܵĳҪɱֻ滹ףĶ
պ˵ţλؽΧͻȻһղʮλɼֶΣ׷ֵ˳ȥȥұЩȴȥҪ֡
ˣ
۾ʦŵɫ䣬һѽеϽ𲧸˻Ű֮һףϽ𲧶ʱųɷ⣬γ˷ϣʮɼĸָ


2682 ɮ
飡
͵ֶȫ˷֮ϡ
֮ǰʮɼĸֵֶȫ˻ЩֶαǴȥʱּ˺ǿ˻
֮ϵĹâʱ࣬ų֮䣬Ƿϵķܿ𣬱еȫһƺߣ
ǻ۾ʦ鼱֮䣬߶Ͻ𲧣÷𷨼ӳ֣סĪѹ
λɼĸֵֶΣȫǻ۾ʦһ˳סˡ
˿̣۾ʦɫʮѿɫ֮䣬ǴʱѪ˳
۾ʦһ·˶նɱǿÿؼʱ̣վΪ˵絲꣬ľ޴
ٳסصһЩ֧ŲסȻˡ
ȥǰλؽεܣһܿҲʧ֮УʼգǶûпյӰһֱλؽһָͷû¶׾ٵĻʮλɼֵֶΡ
յĿֲܹġ
̫ǿˣǿȻ֮У˵ǽϣǰھԼһֻˡ
ʮΪǿ˸оĵز
Զϴγéɽʱ򣬻Ҫǿ̫̫ࡣ
˭Ҳ֪ʱİգﵽһʲôĵزԶӹɵġ
۾ֺαٿأΪܿҪҷѵôĽΪڴ˴ôյ˵
ԹаѰĺϧһ۾ʦ˵ţٴνϽ𲧶УϽһѪϽâٴδʢ
ţ۾ʦһϽ𲧣Ͻ𲧡һٴγǰյλؽδ˹ȥ
Ͻ𲧷貣ԽԽأתϾҪײλؽʱͻȻͣλؽβ׵ľͣתԽԽ죬ȴ޷ǰͦ֡
λؽд˰ղм֮
۵Բ
ܿ죬һλɮ˳λɮӦǾŻɽʦһֵֻһֻ˻۾ʦļϣķ֮ӳֵ˻۾ʦϣֿͬա
۾ʦǵͨ˿̿ȥÿһЩϽԾǲô
ʱλϺվ˳һλɽĿղʦһλɽľʦһΪǴ֮عµľʦ׷վ˻۾ʦߣһַֻ˻۾ʦϣԴԴϵķ֮ӿ
⼸λɮƶǼֻصޣݿµľʦΪȥȻ۾ʦ϶١
λɮ֣һԸգϽһЩӦڲϼӳַ𾭵֮УϽ𲧿ʼλؽεķ򻺻£
ЩеĸɮҾֻ۾ʦЩޣѰʱҲͷ¶棬Ϊ˶Ըգط
Щɵĵɼĸ֣λɮڶԸգһûᣬ׷ٴνеķ˳һǰɱȥ
ʱ򣬴Ӱλؽεһ࣬ͻȻӿ˼ʮ־һµסЩɼ
ƵǣλؽεԱվĸʬģΪʲôղЩʬԸɵĵɣȴҪЩ־ǰ
Щ־ȻΪǸȣһĲġ
˶ԸյʱҷͰЩͷʹѾսһɱ쳣ҡ
ɵĸ֣Щĵޣǧˣټϴĳˣܹһҡ
Ը࣬ڰղʯͷǺΧЩ֮У˺üǧˡ
һħʱɱģֱǾɱ
ԸǱߵ˻һˣȻҲֻռϵƣһصЩɱ˻̫ǿˣʤܺԤϡ
һ㣬ֻҪոſˣЩͷʹΪǡ
ɾҲֻǳ顣
ЩСҲûţһصЩͷʹƴɱ
ڲϵɱ֮УҵĿһֱŰǱߵĶ򣬸ƴɱЩͷʹԶвԱܽһעǱߡ
λּӳϽ𲧵֮£Ͻ𲧿ʼĳŰյλؽοϽɢĹâҲ貵˼㡣
ʱλؽεĽͻȻƿˣ¶һֻֻϸۣͲһ˵֣ɢŵĹһϽ𲧵˹ȥ


2683 
һָ֮粨ξˣѾλؽκܽϽ𲧶ʱ׵ľ롣
ǼλɮͬʱһƺߣŲϵɫͬһʱǺ졣
һֻ˰׵̽˳Ž¶һųһɫ۵İôλؽ߳ˣǰɫ֮ȫǽѩͼ
һޱȣȥʮԵӻ
ʮģȥƺһéɽʱôһЩ
һοգ⻹ǼѣҲ˵Ϊʲô
Ǽſ־塢ߺޡǡȵһһֶص顣
곤̫ˣֱиɻʮǵ֣һͷҲڲסǳ׵ʡ
üޣϸǹǸʡپµĺǳĵ̴ʦ֮֡
ɢӨ׵Ĺ󣬳˫ţλؽΣ˫ҲǽһȾ
ȻʮֿǰղǵЩڣԼ֮дһ˿޷ݵ֮
覵ӣŮ˿˶Ҫβȵ֡
ֻǿȥ̫СһЩʮĵģ
İգûһ˿飬Ų˽Ų±ųһɫס˫ţνĲô
ȻÿǰŲһλɮӳֵϽ𲧱˺һξ롣
ȴֻǽ˫ʮȻĴţҲûжκֶΣֻǻǰ߶Ͻ𲧱㲻ϵĺˡ
ôɮһȻ޷ֵסգһĻٴЩ
жǿ
ոո߳ûʱͻȻ䣬Ǽλɮһ࣬籼׵һ
Ǹ˲ǱˣǶüɽʦ̫
Ǿðսȫ񶼷ǼλɮϣϾ˼ǱߣԱû͵Ϯ
ɫķһ֮䣬һը죬ǷϵϸһʱĺܳܳĻϯأŰϯȥ
ʦ̫ĶƤûգһ£ǰȥ
һ˲䣬Ƿ˿߱˰յϣһȦһȦһȦһӡ
գڵˣҶüɽϷ鶦³ʦ̫һЦոܲ͸磬ΪԼǵˡ
ҲЩƣƾŰΪܶ㲻ʦ̫ķ
ʱ򣬰յ΢΢̣תͷʦ̫
ᣬᣬƽϲᣬ㿪ɡ
յ˵ţһηģ
ʦ̫ŭһ⹷ͷôƶ̫ҷҲǶüɽʮӴʥ̫ҷסˣԽԽԽԽʹ࣬ȫǶϽ۶ֻҪƶ᲻⿪ֻ·һ
ô
΢΢һЦҲûζϵ̫һȼһɫĻ棬յž졣ɫĻյĺܿ죬䡱һӵʦ̫ߡ
ɿڸҼ־ƴĸүæ֮תͷʦ̫ɿ̫ҷȻ̫ҷȼյľӵʦ̫ϡ
ʦ̫ԼķճģʹޱȣɫһƬҵƶ̫ҷ
δ䣬Ǿ˳ŷӵʦ̫ϡ
ʦ̫ϼһ˲ͱɫĻ鲼ȫյİ̹
ʦСһʦ̫ˣæǰҪʦ̫ϵĻȻշųĻͨĻ𣬵Сʦ̫ʱҸүһͺɨ˹ȥסȥ·
˵ʱʱ죬ɽ֮ͻȻһϵϵǽīˣмɫķϵĳʦ̫ϴȥſʦ̫ϵľˡ
Ȼʱʦ̫ѾճһӣȫһƬɢһɽζͷҲһ⡣
ģʦ̫ûȥһЪ˹ĲҺ֮һ֣Ҳ֪Ūһѽգƶƴˣ
˵գǻðŰ̵ʦ̫ͲһеĳŰ˹ȥ
ϣ
յ˵һ䣬һֱһвΪʽʦ̫ն˹ȥ
ʦ̫һ㣬ŰɱȥһǷ絶ʦ̫Ľϣ˴ɶ𣬲ڵϣһ֣һǷ絶ʦ̫նȥ֮Уʦ̫ӱǷ絶ն˺ü£һصʬ飬ɢضǡ
üɽʦ̫ѾӽڵɵΪսУ㽫նɱˡ


2684 
ʦ̫нǾޱȣֲ̫ˣʦ̫ô˵ҲǽӽڵɵΪ֮ھͱɱҰɱʦ̫ͬʱ۾ʦ༸λ𷨸ĸɮɱɱ
Ϊܸ˴ľ֮⣬Ҳ֪ʣʲô
ʦСñʦ̫ʬԱߣ˵ϣѪʬضǣҲ̶ãʹ
Ȼʦ̫Ƣ̫ˣһֱڱɱСֿ޵ģвҲЩˡ
üɽЩǣʦ̫ɱһߣҲǺ۾±ʮֳŰǱɱ˹ȥ
ȥǲĶ֣۾ʦάϽ𲧵ͬʱͷǼһ
ȻǼﻹܹĽȥĻ׷ŷ˹ȥ
ϵǼݽ氡ղ̵һЦǼŭһץ𣬷ٻʬ
һЩû˵ߵʮͻȻ޶˵ɫĻ棬֮ǰʦ̫ȼĻһ޶
ʦ̫ΪЩǿһЩɽǸīܹ÷£ʮ͸ˡ
ûī˽ɫóʮͲҺŵ˵ϣɫĻ漫ΪʢֻǲҽڵϾûϢ֮䣬ֻʣһѷɻҡ
ֶҲ̫ˣ˻кԶľ룬ɹ𣬽ա
ʮãӲȫ˷ɻҡ
ȰոոɱЩᡣ
ͷ֮ͻȻ¡¡Ʒ
һͷʱ򣬷ϾѾֱվ˷λ˳𣬹׵ػʩչ֮ˡ
Ͼÿһ˵ߣվʮɽĵӣűػϾӽס
Щɽĵӿ϶ҲɽޣҿǵΰһĹɲϵı任ػǽ׵ϾӣһصЩͷʹ⣬ƺܹ֮ͬ׾ն
ЩɽĵӲ֮ҲһҵĹ⾰ͷϱ磬¡죬һצݺύ
ȻҲܵףȴһɫǵЦ
ףɱħһ侪𣡡
ԶԶģһɽϵһһ׾ϵеĳ֮ϡ
ǵʮֻڳ֮ϣâ貣һ£ϵ׼˰յķصȥ
ƺգۼһ¾ն˰յϡ
һ̣ܶ˶ͣеĶĳŰǱ߿˹ȥһصЩͷʹҲɵˡ
֪Լܶ᲻ᱻһ׸
Ȼڰ֮󣬲ûһ˿һ죬ţ뺣ϳݺ֮⣬Ųûʲôˡ
Щʱ򣬻ôЦŵ
ϾҲסˣ״ǲ֮ĸҶɷɻңΪʲôڰϾͲأ
ţǵڶ׼ŰϺȥ
ڰϵ׶һģڰһЩϸϸĵ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ˬʵˬΣշЦ
£Цܣ˵ľǴʱİ˰ɡ
ԽǺɱгŰʩչȥоԽǾ
ǿ޿ɾҩֲֶϺ𲻵κá
ڽڰ϶ûκЧ֮ľ˲ٴξеķһصЩͷʹɱ
Ѿģɱգǻᱻոɱ֮ǰҲҪɱ汳ģɱһɱ׬һ
кֵܼһصЩͷʹɱɱ쳣ҡ
ܲɱ˰յ飬ֻܽʮɼĸˣΪ붼룬նЩѡ
Ƿɱͬʱͷϵ֮ͻȻȻֹûκϢ
Ͼӽľŵȫˣû
ʱİԵûЩδм˵û˼û˼׵ֶΣǸɽ޵ȲĲһǰĩʱһһϧˡ
˵ţͻȻһ֣ͻȻһ֮⳯ǰ׵Ͼӵķ˹ȥ
ӰϱǵףɽȺ˵м䣬ʱѿʮˣըķ졣


2685 
Ա֮ʩ
ղŰնԸʮɼĸһ㣬սϾȫ̺ڣԼʱһȻٽ׼˳
͸ӵдƵֶһ㣬Ҳǿ̺еģֻ̺һױҵļޣ԰մʱΪסŵײ¡
Ұսŵ̺֮Ϊ߷ЧϾӽ׻Ҫֲࡣ
ڶԸ۾ʦλɮʱ򣬰ջڳȥԸ׵Ͼӡ
ֻһ˦䣬ױ㳯Ͼӵķ򼤷˳ȥһ£ϾеһˣάϵЩɽޣȫըķ졣
ռףʮֲֿʮɽޣ˲صʬѪ
һĻиǾޱȣǰ˲ûҪͣ˼
һ֣һٴμ˳ȥһ׵ɽʿȥ
ɢɢΪʧߵĴ֮⻰Ǹɽ׵Щϵ˵ģΪ˵Ļ֮ЩɽĵҲ֪ԣ׷׳ܿٵɢȥ
ٿ죬Ҳûа˦׵ٶȿ졣
գۼĹһ׺ȥЩҪɢɽʿм䣬¡һ죬涼΢΢𶯣Щɽһʿٴα˰֮УȷѪ꣬һء
յϴһĨ̵Цнϣʵֲ˹ҲȷЩ˵һ㡣
ʱİգǰݺᣬңڿһ»ҷѪ֮󣬰յϸֳЦ⣬Ц֮ǳͲм
ţǵӰյм˳ΪͻȻǰ˰˦ȥһ׵ǰ档
һĻһҾΪ˵ΪҲһܹסյһɱС
ʦүչΪˣסҪǰ
ȻʱΪʱΪ˽еĽǰһýס˰յǵס
ΪеĽʱâһһ
ûеǰңסһеΪֻź˼ǴΪ˵һֱӱΪеĽɵˡ
ʱΪһ׾ѧΪΪɵĿɽʦΪĥĽǰչĻ𾫳Խ̺С
ҪȻΪеĽҲԵ޹ʵܹ³
ƽʱʱ򣬿϶ҲûеĽȥ⣬ڷ֮С
Ϊ˵ֶΣǰոоЩ⣬ֻһ˲ϵЦݻָ
󣬰һ֣һĵףȫΪǱȥ
һĻٴξޱȣչҪǰһѸס
Ϊ˶Ӧ˵ĻչȥҲֻǰװ׵ĺ塣
ô꣬ǸԾ̫飬֪ʱ嶯ûκģʲô£Ҫʱ̱ѵͷԡ
ĵĳΪ˺ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬һΪվһ
һҲɽģһֱĬԣɫۣ꣬ΪȻҲǵͲ˵ġ
Ϊվһ˼ͬʱ̽˳ȥ
λζ֮䣬մǼױȫΪ˺ī˵ķ֮С
˷׷׷ƺ֮ʮͣ
ǲ˵ͬʱֽеĳİ־ɨ˳ȥ
ЩЩɱİ־ϡ
ղŰմǼ̫ǿˣеķҲǳܵ˼ޣò̺ڷ֮еͷųһ֡
Щ־ϣЩ˶ʱð̣һ齹̿Ե˵ϡ
ϾܹףɽĵīҲǶβٿġ
˰Ϊ˷ֵһѹͺ˺ܶ࣬ȻΪһ˵ֵĵâҲҪ˵ġ
ȻͳΪ˺ī˵ֵ⼸׵Ŀ϶ս˦˼ף⼸ײûдǶˣǳɽղŽ׵һ˴˹ȥ
ż죬кܶ˱ը֧飬Ѫɡ
ʱİվԵЩȤȻˣҡҡͷ˵ˣɣЩвһֱҪȥ켫ôˣһ̣
˵ţһ֣һ⣬Ͻ˹ȥ


2686 
Ͼӽľŵף̺ڣŵеǰ˵׶ԸΪ˺īˣԼϾӡ
˵һ붼˽׵Ͼӵϣнٸɽޱըʬ޴档
һףֱӴϽ𲧵棬ҲΪǿҵһâ
âͷһݺݵĳײһӲӵĹâںҹ֮ţһ˲磬ε˸۾
ǵâһ֮ٴγŻ۾ʦǱ߿ȥ۾ʦ༸λɮ׷ױһ׸˳ȥڵأϽҲ˵ϣͣĴתʧȥһйâ
ʱİգͲмЦҲʧˣѾ޾ɱ⡣
ǵģܹоҪɱˡ
ȽʮѲĵɼĸ֣ȻЩˣվ˭Ҳ㲻ȥ
ˣһжˣ˵ţһ֣Ǿ޴Ğųӿһֲķ絶㳯Ż۾ʦǱն˹ȥ
бͻȻһ˻۾ʦ˵ǰ棬Ҷһɽɵıˡ
ɽɽѩʱɽɵҲ˲룬ҲˣӦǸéɽĵһ㣬ɽĳҪڡ
˵ΪҲǼߣеĳĺлҪ࣬ȻҲðɭ֮
յǵ絶ŵڵϵĻ۾ʦնɱȥҲһһâɨ֮϶ʱһıǽ˻۾ʦ˵ǰ档
ǰյķ絶ôģ絶նǱǽ֮ϣʱǱǽķ飬мɡ
ڲһǰˣеĳһ˦һƬӰҰסɢ׷ɵıмЩӰһžͳŰֶȥ
ϸ缸һƴ˰ɣ˴
ãƶλһҲˣһһϣ˵ɽɽˣõķǽһ廢ŵ˵׺ޱȣһ֮䣬һХ֮һݺĵγһͻԴѪڳŰſҧȥ
һкҸүΪˡˡɽɵıˡɽīˡ䵱ɽˡéɽɣһǿ⹫˾ȻҲ˴˴
һμ˻ǿĻϣһֱ֪λ˼ҵΪжߣܹҸүһ𲢼սΪ϶Ҳˡ
ϸ缸һкʱһϣ׷ʩչԼֵľгȫŰк
ǰյ˿ûηɫλִֻԭزϵĻζΣԼЩȫܿǶܲģҲֻһ֣һǷ絶ȥҲӭж⡣
֮ǰڵػ۾ʦˣôֽոʱס׷׶ӵá
۾ʦǼһۣӷ𡭡մΪ̫죬Ҳֲ̫ʱ䣬λɮһͬ߶⣬ԴưյΪǲȡʤĻᡣ
ӷ𡭡Ը߾ȫɽĿղʦ
Ը߾ȫ
༸ɮҲûʲôһȫ˵ϣһ档
۾ʦ̨ɽģ߻оŻɽʦɽĿղʦɽľʦдµľʦ
׼׵֮󣬻۾ʦֱӽеϽٴδ߶˵ͷ֮ϣ޹Ͻٴνâ貣С
ҿ۾ʦͻȻҧָ֪ĴдЩʲôĸɮҲ۾ʦһ㣬ҧָд֡
ţλɮԽ˳ĶӦģһֻ΢΢۾
ʮһнְʥ̣֮Ǿ㣬һǷ֮νǧţȫգް˽̣Բڡ
۾ʦȴͷ˷𾭣ĸɮҲŻ۾ʦһУķʱΧӿֹƬ̣ҿΪɮƶƵĴһâŰǱ˹ȥ⽫ǰոҲҸүС
éɽʱҼ۾ʦùһУֲȫǣõӦøӸһЩϾλɮһʩ
ַӦܹưΪá
ǵâסոɵĸֵʱֳǱ߿һۣҲûʲôرı仯


2687 ٵλؽ
λɼĸֽΧ£м䣬׷Űкȥ۾ʦλɮ÷֮סյΪ޷˳Ĺ֮ͬʱǼλɼֵΪ
ģΪһλ۾ʦԸյʱ򣬱ǲȡַϼλɮӦЧһεĲǡ
λɼĸֺЩɮϣʱס˾棬һ΢ƽ⣬ȴ֪ƽʲôʱܹơ
ּսЩСĸ޷ǰȥһնɱͲܹܵġ
սӵĲңÿÿ붼ڲҽеѪ֮С
ǼСʼնһ𣬶Էʲôĸ֣Ƕκη壬Ȼ϶ҪҪ˰֮⡣
ƴ֮ʱͻȻҵߣ˵Сš˵һҪ顣
ɶ¶Ͻ˵һһ־˳ȥͷҲص˵
βܽôһҪ˰յλؽΣһһ긽ֽϣֽ˱֮󣬰ձǳǶλؽνһصͺˮʥ̵ģһҪߣǿ϶ģֻܻλؽΣĺ·
˵£Ҳéɽ飬һΣոǸֽ˱ҸүնɱվͽλؽΣЩȫתˡ
һΣոоԼʮɼĸֵĻ϶Ҫܣһٴνλؽˣһǻ֪ȥܹҵء
ԣԲܳһΡ
ܱܰܲɱλؽζһҪˣ
ðոˣǾûκδϢĻᣬ׵·һˡ
뵽תͷߵļ˵缸ȥλؽΣ˰յĺ·
Ҹ˵⻰Ķʮֳ˵ӣȥɣϷǵסЩһصˣ
ҸмĿүһۣһ˽ŽסǵһȺһصĹͷʹǲŵ
ŲԶλؽΣǼֵٴξۼһ
СŸ磬һػλؽһԵľëһʲôι״ġչ̲סʵ
ҲǺ죬Ҹү˵ʬëˣʲôŷ˵ҵ
ȥʬë˵ŷܹŷģǵȫķӲУϻŹ˵
ԸаʲôȫķӣǶһϣȽǸɷȻСŸ÷ʬǵʬȫһвͽˣչ
óȻȥҲЩûеϾʬִڣҲǵһνӴ֪ʲô͡
үǱϴȻкܶڽʬļأǴǼصһЩȽϳĽʬȻҲйڶʬļأȴʣֻ˵жҲû˵ҪǸүҶ벻
΢ԥһ£ͻȻ⣬æéɽ˳ָ΢΢ζϸղɱЩ˶ʱ˼ʮëʬ׷״ӵϵųţҲٿųλؽԱߵǼʬ˹ȥ
һֱľʬվλؽεĶĸ䣬һ
ҳģҲʬҲûκζվλؽεԱߣûȥ⼸ʬĻ˵ģͿǳӣҲûиȥǵùͷ
ҿЩëʬЩʬٵ˹ȥۿǰ漸ëʬҪһʬʱһֱͻȻ˷ӦһɫʬȻһԾͳǰ漸ë˹ȥ
Щʬ˫֮ϸһǯӣЩǴբзЩǴϺ
ǯ˵һĶһ¼ëʬĲϣӲĽëʬԴ
ȥүģëʬڡëཀྵʬ֮ҲǶˣʬǰһǯȥһ³Դûˡ
ûԴĽʬǲκεķ֮ˣܿʬйͨʬ壬׷Ե˵ϡ
һʼֻüëȥ̽û뵽ЩʬǱеĻҪײУֱӴ߶éɽ壬кеĽʬһԵȫЩʬ˹ȥ
Щëʬ˵߰ʮߣһȥλؽܱ߶һˮйͨ
ЩëʬֱסЩʬæкˣҽλؽθƻȥ
Ȼˣλؽεʲôڣʲôܹλؽθƻأ


2688 ɵʬ
߰ʮëʬһϣľʬɱȥʱֺһƬռȻʬػλؽΣ˵ʬǼѶԸģʵҲ֤һ㣬֮ǰȥǼëʬ׾پͱʬǯӼԴ
ҲòЩëʬȫɱȥסЩʬǺóûλؽθƻ
ʬϾʬЩëʬһȥľʬʱȫ˹һײ֮䣬㽫ЩëʬײɳȥʮëʬéɽĿ֮Ҳη壬׷ٴδӵϵ𣬼ʬǱɱ
ЩëʬʱסЩʬһͷɣλؽεǸʲôôܽλؽθƻ
Ƭ̣˵λؽǷݷķŴ棬߶֮ʱͬʱųɰǧת˲ɵִǧ֮ĵطֻ˵û뵽侹ȻķҪƻʵѣķµľۻH֮һľʬ˶λؽλؽαʧȥˣȻŰѻ˱ǡ
Ҳôһܽû뵽ġ
ȻˣǻʲôߣӣȸɵǼʬ˵
¶ϻͯӣáչϻһۣٺһЦ
үչ˵ľ͸㲻ͯһһһϻ˰չһ۵
ҲǷ缸ʱˣ˵һʮλɼĸֳŲסˣֵ죬ǾȻʱЦ
£һ֣˺ܿɢҺԸһʬչϻһ飬һʱλϹ̸˳һ飬ǿҲԸһʬ
˰׵֮̾ͳЩʬϮȥеĽٴԾȻһл㾦һʬϴ˹ȥǵɫĹһʬؿڡ
¡һ죬ʬһ£ؿڴаð
һеǸʬһתʱ߿˹һŭ˻ֱ֮ӳ忪˵ǰǼëʬһ˫ǯͳ˹
ʬּĽʬ϶ԼһЩʶҹ֪ط˭ĵˣҪĹĿˡ
ԣŻᷢ˷ĳ˹
Сĵ㣬ʬѲվҵһ࣬һŵĿǾ߳ʬ
ȴŽվһҪ⴫˵еʬжô
˲䣬ʬЯһŨʬӭײ˹ǯһĴ죬һ¾ҪסҵĲӣҽɨǯײһ𣬶ʱһ𣬽һ֡
Ѿģʬ治һĴ
ǯûмеңһǯֳ˹
һﲻٶҲǿľˣ̴߶ٰ˲ԱʱɳʬжʬʬĺϾȥ
һʬ֮תܣԲʬ
ٴνʬˣתĿַɵϣ׷˹ȥ
ʬһתҾͿʬˡۡ죬̾ȼճһѻҽ
ʬʬּĽʬһҲɲϡ
ʬٶȺܿ죬ŵ۴УСţ㡭ס
ʬ׷ʱмëʬֵԱʬײ˳ȥûһ֮С
һ£ôѲʲô취Ըء
תһ룬Һܿ⣬Ǭ˱ｫʬ˳ʬԸʬõģʲôʬֻҪʬĹâס϶𵽺ܺõЧ
ֻʬǰñϻһΣԸë𣬲֪λܲá
˿Ҳûж룬ʬó֮ҧָָϵѪʬľ֮ϻһʬ߶ʬ׷Ǿʬ˹ȥ
һɫĹâܿʬɢ˳ȥ˲佫ʬУá顱һ죬ʬʬ˳ȥϵʬܿڶ
ֻʬӶƬ̣Ҫӵϵ
˿ʬʬҲ𲻵̫ãҲʬķû£ЧǺǿҡ
Ǻò׳˿ʬҪﻹٸ׵Ļᣬ̴߶ٰ˲ʬߣ̽˷ʬߣһ¾ͳǸոյĽʬؿ˹ȥ
վʬʬߴУٴɵڵأзһ˻


2689 ܻһ
һſͣ붼û룬ֱӽʬ߳ʬĿ˹ȥ
û룬ʬ߶ʬĿУһʮֿꡣ
ŴʬʬɣȻӶǯҺɨ֮£ֻٴζٰ˲
Ҹһ㿪ʬ͵𣬿дʬҪʬߴӿаγǷʬһĿУʬʬǲܰݵġ
ʬ߲ʬǾʬǷ˷һ˫ǯһʱˣ߶˺ϴ辭ֲ֮ʱӿҲɢȥ
һץʬӱ㳯߿ٵƶ˺ϴ辭ԽԽʬķҲԽԽСһץס˲ӣʼԴԴϵϻ۶
ò˵ʬĵȷǿ˷ʬߣôá
ڷʬߺ˺ϴ辭֮ͬ£ʬܿûϢ΢ͣһ£ʬߴ˳
Ҫ˺ϴ辭̫ˣܹһһղסǷʬߵҲɹˡ
ܣҾ鲻̫ܷ
Ǿʬ֮ܿ˹ŵǶʬɵĻҽһۣ˵ʬ
Ļһ䣬ǿͻȻƺ׷
һͷʱӶԸǾʬһŽɫĹâסˣܿ㶨ԭء
죬ˣߴٵ
ٴδ߶ٰ˲˱ǿտסǾʬߣʬ˳һʬԴϣһʬӿסǾ߽ʬҲ÷ʬ߸˳ȥڵء
һٰ˲ȥʬʬ߾
ƣٴδ߶˺ϴ辭ǾʬҲɳ˸ɡ
һʬûоرѣ˵еʬҲˡ
ոڶʬʱͷϱ㴫˺¡һ죬һ
תͷȥʱ򣬷λϹ̱һ˳ͬԸһʬ
һһԽס
ͷϷɫ䣬ƹһ֧飬һűλϹ̲סǾʬȥ
ʱλϹ̾Ȼͬʱʧˡ
λϹʧһ˲䣬һױ㳯ʬصȥ
šǲһ죬׹ʬϡ
Ȼһ£ûнǾʬŷڵأʬϰ̹һƬȻųŽ׵һ˹ȥ
ǡǲһ죬ڶҲͬʬϣһΣʬһ򣬰˵ϣٴð˴ʬ
Ȼֻһ˲ʬٴλλƵվĵĳһķȥ
ٴ£صʬϣһ˺ܴãʬڵأҲû
Ȼһģõĵ׳ʬȥ
ĵ׹ȥʬѾһѽ̿ҲһҺչȥһʬǳ͸ˡ
ʣµһʬǰչϻԸġ
ʬˣһʬëʬһϣѹסϻͰչҲ
˻ʹһɫ׷״յλؽεԱߡ
λؽȫɫȫǰɫǲƥһĶϸֲ̫
սһŷλؽεܵĽ֮ȫý߹һķģϸýţ飬Щķģλؽǿ
éɽʱ򣬰ճˣλؽһ´˺üˡ
ⶫ֪ôãҪ֪ʹĻԼҲһʮֲ
˱˴˿һۣչϻϻŸʲôϽѿӣָϴء
ҲǴУôѣϽģĥ䡣ϻ
һżﻹһŮأǲҪܻһ£˵ţһտ˹ȥ
նʱһߺ죬æû¶ҶԶһǰҪ
˵ţձ㳯һС˹ȥ
缸¶죬ȥաǿٺһЦҲת뿪ˡ
λĥˣϽλؽԽԽãһһ𡣡˵ţԼǰȥһ½Ӹˡ
ǹؼʱ̣һҲͲٱܻʲôλؽҪ
Ǻ˶ǰȥҪλؽʱͻȻһֲ˹
ң˱λؽΣöʬ޴棡
ǰյģ


2690 ռ
˶׼λؽһȥʱ򣬰յͻȻը죬ҪˣӲֱŵı˻ȥ
꣬ôһţʲģŵ١
⻹꣬ͻȻһои˳ҵ붼û룬ӶûᣬҾʹ߶ٰ˲һԶ˿ȥ
վȽŸ֮󣬳Ҹղվĵطһʱһ񺮵һĻգǰողųҵѾģǱҸү˸Χм䣬ôͻȻͳҵأ
֮࣬ҳҸүǱ߿һۣջڱʮɼĸΧӰƮۻңɿԷֱջС
Ҳ˵ոճǸգӦòİգһ
ȥүģʮɼĸΧܸһԸǡ
һ﾿жô
ֻǲ֪жûéɽʱǸֽϵİôǿ
ǰ㣬ǼСĿ϶Ķ֡
һ䣬Ҳ˰ͻȻλؽεߣ׷ŵĿӶϣ첽뿪˰ճֵĵط
ȫ˳˼֮󣬷վλؽԱߵİվһ
Ǽȫŵ±ˣ˴˿һۣ֪յڸʲô
ǰձϾǿûжּɵˣվһҲóȻǰ
㽩˼ӣұЩ಻סˣȱ˽꣬ŰյϺɨһл㾦ʽյǸվһۿǵɫĽķɵߣŻӳһƣһǲΪʽ׾ٵı㻯һ
˽֮󣬰ջվһ
ݵ֮̽ұѾ˳յķֻһļУȵéɽǸյķԶˣ˵ܹı
ߣһʮɼĸ֣Ҳ̫ܽעߡ
ͨһ֮к˵ֵǣյķһȻٻٵλؽΣ
˵ţұ˿ӣһǰֱָյؿڣϻͰչǽһŰճɱ˹ȥ
ǰյһȴҲʮֺöԸĽɫһϣҲڶʱյ
ҲߣڽһĵӵУҲǳ֮һǰȥǸյķЩмܲסˣλؽεΧ󲿷ֶǷأн
͸֤֮ǰĲ²⣬λؽζڰʮҪ֮ѵ֮£һԸǣҪסλؽβƻ
ۿյķǿƵģͻȻһϤսǱߴ˹
죡
Ҹү
һͷȥʱ򣬵үѾ꽣ָ˲֮ϣ꽣֮âתһɫĹ𣬺ܿ컯һɫĶǳ
ͷ֮ҲǷɫ䣬ƹצں֮з֮Ҳǲڶ
үǿ˰ŪһԸǣ˿ɳ֮ǱųռС졣
һԸգҲΪ֮ЧֶΡ
Ʋ֮дƬ̣һۻ֮£ֱŰնȥ
ҸүʩչһУΧ£ڰߵʮɼĸֶʱɢȥǽտһķΧ֮ڣֹӶݶȥ
ȻվǰձӸķ
˽µĽɫôأ
ɫ꣬Яһ֮Űոµʱ򣬰ֻſ˫̧֣ͷµɫһƬȻ
ͬʱһֱƴһյķͻȻâһһ⣬Űյ֮еȥ
Ƿڰձں֮󣬰յһεеĽɫâɢ˳
̫ˣĞųӿ֮дˡžѵ죬Ǟųȼ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һºݺݵ˵ϣ֮ϱһӡ
ţֱȥƲ֮д󲻶
ʱģ֮лһı֮
һ̣˶ͣеĶ̧ͷͷϵȥ
үųռУܲܽոŷڵأûе


2691 ˽һ޼
ÿжֲ̿ͷ֮Ʋ֮д
ҸүһֱһٽĶأȺз紵죬ѩĳͷҰڵ
үɫ쳣أһֻ־ٽһֻŷ
һӾһôһΪ̡֮
оʱܳܳʵҲǼʮĹ⾰
ͻȻ䣬ͷƲ֮ʧˡ
ȻһϸϸģҪʧĹâŸүе꽣ȥ
ʱҿүɫ䣬΢΢һΣһſڣһѪ
ˣ
ү֮еոˣҲҪ
콣ʱڶϻµ׾Ϳүʯϵ֣뷨֮еҪԼҲ˵ͽǲɷָһ֡
𣬸ү϶Ҳܵش
ղҿͻֻʣһģҪӰ˸ү꽣Уƾһ㣬ұԶ϶үܵش
ΪҵĽ֮Ҳ̺һԵʡ
ղͰڰ֮еҸү֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ҸүһѪ˼Ҿһү㲻һеĳŸүķ˹ȥ
ȻҺ͸ү֮仹ܳһξҵʱ򣬾ҸүߣͻȻˡ¡һ죬һӰҳһӳ
ĳĴ֮Уٴο˰յӰϵӵȫˣת޾ɱ⣬⣬һӰյǴһ˿Ѫ
Ȼղ꣬ǴĿǰҲ˵ġ
ġһķǻǧƵϣΪϰзڱ𣿺ǺǡˣڵȴֻصһٶѾ뵽ƽİ취ڣȥɣ
˵ţһƱ㳯Ҹү˹ȥ
һƼֱǴݿ࣬أһĳ϶һֳƷ罫ߵļʬ嶼ķڰ֮ըѣǼҪȥҸүĵɣǱƷĵ
үһ̣Ŀѣл̿ޱȣǽٰ˲ֶδ߶˼¡
ҪҸүǧ
ܵشҸүѾˣﻹܽӵ°صһơ
ѾܿˣٶȳҸү߿£ȥȻһүʱ򣬱㱻һƻӶƷ˳ȥ
ӱɳȥͬʱҿүҲӳһƣŰ˹ȥ
û취̫ˣճǿ磬ҸүеĻֻӲĳܰһơ
䡱һը졣
һɞųȼıը߱˿
֮䣬Ϳκ˵ӰӣԶңոմӵվֱǹǿ紵˼
һưմȥжݣеһƣĿľֻһǽҸүһƻɱ
үӲĽ˰յһƣҵԴˡһ죬תڶߵɱ֮ȫˡ
֮УֻҸүڰ֮лһɫĹ켣Զȥ
ҲǰһУѾˡ
ʼĳأʹǱڸ
˼һô
ʹĿҪϢȥʱҵ᲻Ĺ䣬ģ֮Уٴο˰յӰٵĳҸүķȥ
ģƶƴˣգү˴ҸүһͻȻ˳еķʱһĹâŰֶȥ
ͬʱҿͻȻðһӰӣеķ֮УһͬŰնɱȥ
˽һ޼
һֲҪĴ򷨡
˸Ҹү֮Ȼƽʱ죬༥֮ĸжҸУҸһǹĽ飬֮ĸ϶ҺϻǻҪϾʶ˼ʮꡣ
ںһ仰ʱ֮зˮ
ҪˣĲҪˣ
Լȡ壬Լǰ£ΨƴԼֵܱ
գƶҲˣҪһɣΪҲŭˣϵı鱯ʹһ֮䣬ҿΪ˷֮еͨӵԼϣԶԶĿȥоΪ˾һ˸⣬Ű˹ȥ


2692 ָ
Ϊ˺ǰƴס˰գţЩɼĸҲܲĳŰɱȥһֱڵϵĻ۾ʦҲȻӵϾһɫͳһ𾭵ްӷ𡭡ʱˣҲȥˡ
˵գ۾ʦƽƶʮףɱȺ֮У˫Ʒ֮䣬һ˶ޱȵķӡϵĳŰ˹ȥ
Բ֮ڽâ˸ϣϣЩɲϵıӰȫƮΧмİʩչΪѵֶγ
̶̵һ˲䣬֮ǷɳʯһĿĵĽڵϣһݺĹֱնǷڰ֮зɣ⡢ӡϵĳŰкȥ
һ̶ŭˣޱʩչԼΪǿ
ǰһУ˺þúþãųҸүɳȥĵطŲ˽Ų
һ̣ĳ˿־壬ĺܺ£߹ȥ֮󣬿Ҹүʬ壬һǴҵϣѾˡ
Ǹүôֵܵסǻصһ
һƾǱҪҸүȥġ
ŵģĵĳŸүǱ߿᲻һ·ȴ߶˵үǧҪͦסҪ
ѾİŮǰһƻɱֿҵ֮˱һķɣпеĳ޷ġ
ܸүҵ׸үһֱҵ֮ˣҲûнҵˡ
үһҪͦס
ߵүߵʱⲻ㳤һ·ǺĹе
үͰڵϣһɫһķ飬ؿڴһ̲Ѫʱ˿̣ѪҸүĿӿ˳
һ˵ϣΡΡ˫֣ץסҸүѪ֣үСšѡѰ
һ˵ţһֱ߲રવĵ˵ϡ
ͻȻ䣬û뵽ǣүؿͻȻ΢΢һ£ȻҵĿ˼һѪĭӡ
үүˣҼĲᣬ
ү˫ۣҿһۣЩε
үү˿˵
ͷлϲѣүţֻҪпڣ͵ҶλүӾȻһκõġ
ţұĽҸүӵϲ
ʲôү֮Ѫûйغõˮͷһϴǻ䡣
ӣȻˣʮصˣ˼ֻʣСˡ
ܹסǿһƻţɼүΪеĻҪǿ̫ࡣ
үǧ˵ˣϢߵˣȥҶȣȥѦλүӣһܽκá
˵ţæҵĴѦλү͸ҵĵҩܹѸٻָ˵֣˳ݸҸү
֪ү̧֣ҵݹȥĵҩ˵Űɣүòš
үѦҵҩܹõġҼ
ү΢΢ҡͷ۾ܿˣȻ˼֣΢΢һЦֵүղſʲô
ҡ¸үɱˡ룬Ҿʵ˵ʮƣΪʲôүҪִŵ顣
ϲ˼䳣£үһˣֺηı֮·㲻ִ̫飬ӺɷѪᣬԺٿޱˣҵ˶ѪжҪĺңҪȻ޻үҵ
֪˸ү˵ˣúõϢһʱɡҼ
ָҡүҡҡͷҵ
үҪʲôɻ
ָҡүݷ˵ֵ
Ҳ֪үҪɶ˳ˣﻹҲ˼æһֵֻ˹ȥүһץסҵ֣һ㣬ֵֻķʽЩأҺ͸ү˫ֵĻ֮ʱһү⼸ָͷĴٵĻ˼¡
һ֪Ƿʲôһɰ֮йӿʱһһ
үǸʲôϽſңһˣæҪ˦Ѹү֣ү־Ǹһʹ޷ѷֺ
үˡſҰɡҺ֪ʲô۾ٴαˣҲ


2693 ս
ӣ𶯡ܿͺˡүǴһĨ׽Ц⣬˵
ү㲻ҪҲӡҵٴι
ӣ㲻ҪޣղŸүô˵ģôˣү˵үղŸնƴһƣҲˣһʵ̫ǿˣ˿̸үȫϣ˼˱ԪǿЩΪǿҲ˼ˡ罫ٶΪȫ͸㣬ӵ˸үȫΪүȻˣͿүսûһث֣ү֮Ҫүմſ£ҪټΪ˼ˡ
˵ţүٴҵĿ˼ѪĭӲӿܶ඼ҵϡ
Ѫˮ̵̹ģϹ
ʱͻȻֶ˼ˣչҲϵ˴˴
֪øүҸſǲܵ飬Ҹүסҵֵʱȫǹ˵һãֻܸоүǰΪϳʽٵĳҵ澭
ϻǸ˹Ҿץ˾һ㣬ŴǻŸʲô㽫Һ͸үֿүҪľеΪڸҡܿȥġ
˵ϻǶʱһҪǰҺ͸үֿ
ʱҸүͻȻŭ𶯣˭ҪϷѾһΪ͸СˣֻҪһһбҪǰϷҲ˲䱩жСҲܵǣǲϷĿһЩվﲻҪ
ү˵ϻǶʱˣ˴˾ֵĿһۣ˼
һ̣ҵʹ˼㣬޺ŸүͣҾĿ޺ܵԸӣһŬãүǲܷſҵġ
վһԵϻͰչҲݣӸǿ޵滨һ㡣
үӡǺαأһոɱˣغҶȣѦλүӸˣҪʲôĲҩǶа취ҹһܽκõġ۾
ûõģϷԼ֪ѦλֵȻҽ죬ҲɣʲôƶκãϷѾ;ƿݣˡԡүԽԽ΢һʼ䵽ڵǹɰ֮Ҳıϡò˶ãүһҲȫĸɡ
ôҲû뵽үȥҪȫΪ͸ңҪ֪ˣҾǽҵָˣҲȥں޵ң޲һʯͷײ档
ֹƬ̣ӸүϴΪ͸ӵϡˣʱҸоҺܹסԼˣŴ߶һһּ䣬˸ү֣æһ
ͨһұ˵ϣͷүαҪТ
ɵӡǸүҪΪԸ͸ģθɡүϻһЩΪûȫ͸㡭ȫ֮󣬸үȪ֮¾ܹĿˡүԴѾ˵ҲʱҪ뿪һ㡣
òҲѿǴҲٹȥүҲеһ˿ΪΪУо͸ɱҸүһ㣬һɱҡ
үҵĴϢһٴο˼̧ͷһۣҷеľ񶼲ˣֲֿȻ޴棬͸һͨûʲôҴʱԵøӲˣҲ޹⡣
ӡ㲻ҪκΪǲ㡭үҲ죬ΪĹкãҵֶǷˮ˵ǲأүѵĳһЦЦݶǰĲ԰
˿Ҳ֪ʲôˣֹֹסһֱ
ˣ죬֪˵ٶҲûˡ
£ҲүʲôҪġ
ү۾΢΢һ˵ӰмѾ֪ˣүҲ׸үүΪӣϷһ¹µҲûʲôˣֻ簢ֺ֮ܿˣȻҵĸĸȴͬĸһ㣬ԣүҲһֱ㵱ҵһ
˵үٴο˼Ѫ˳ʶ㣬治˵ȥˣǸү˰֣˵ʵʵүҲõģڷ֮Ҳ̵ʯ񡭡


2694 ַ꣬
æͷ˵֪ķ֮мҸ̵ʯ񣬸̳ĺƯԵĴŮһ
үõ飬ȴ֪ʵڷ֮п̵ʯʱ򣬾һֱ⣬Ȼүɻˣûк˵ģǳ˸ү֮⣬Ҳûڷ֮пκһˣЩ֣¶Ҳ˼ҡ
үȻ飬϶Ҫˡ
һ뵽еʹ͸ү֮£ֽȫΪ͸ңҪѾˣͬΪߵң϶֪ĺʲô
һҸүϸֳһĨҸЦ⣬ֵӣҺõġֻǽ˳꣬ˣھ߸ڴʮ￪ʯС󣬸үһΪûдڸΪʲôӦҲ֪ǲ漰Թ֮Сһ뽭ƺܶʱ򶼻ɼүԼĺ˸Щһֶ룬ϦЩͨ˻ңڡ
ү˵ţɫԽԽһֱѪ˿˳£ֻѪˣү㣬ʵ̣Ҳ˽үʱ飬ѻ˵꣬϶ݵġ
˵Щǰүү˵˵үүҲѵҶԺκηţҪ̤뽭һΪıǱ⽭Թ֮С
ǣ֮Уһȱ·ǲײǽͷ֡
ֱ죬ҲųϵһƬģΪж߾жΣΣ֮ʣҪվ
ûнİգкաաӲ
Ϣ˼ӣү˵Ҷѫסʯ壬ڸүĳ֮ǰȥһۣѾˣҲСһ˹İȣֵظճϢү˵ôֻ࣬㣬ԺѴܰͰѰʱҲҪǵҪ֪ݡô˵үҲҵա䲻ѪҲͬͬڡЩ㶼Ҫ
үǽһ˵ЩлѹʹʹĹ
үҼסˡȫסˣ˼ҷģһչ˺ǵġ
áԺӡүһֱʮϲġ簢ֳʮƣÿ㣬үͻ簢֪˼ҵ׻ڲڵĻϷҲ޷ټ˼һˡ
˵ʱ򣬸үԳʮְ˵ɫ۾ͻȻЩʪ
ǰ˭Ҳ֪ү׻ûлţҸүҪˣһǼˣһ뵽ҲⰧ̾
Ҹү˵ʱͻȻִһ춯صĺ죬涼΢΢һΡ
һæתͷȥλΧ£мİգͻȻų⣬ҲһɢŽİ
ɢĹâʵʣгɢȥ
ʮɷ׷׺ˣұâ
һֱߵĸү۾ͻȻԲˣһ˲˲ĿŴʱİա
˵ҸүˣҲоʮֲʵ벻Ҫʲô
Уַ꣬ǣ֣
ͻȻһ˼һĻͷˡ
ͻȻ䣬ӰϷգÿһ˶һ޶
ֻǴһɨ㿴˳ܹǷ˾Ÿ
ͨղǸҲܷһЩʲôԼŪ˾Ÿ
ı֮⣬ȫŪ˷Χ£Щɱȥ
ǶƾðİɫƵĲϺ˵ЩɣûзӦǰյķ͵ǵĽǰ˫ƣ˹ȥ
ЩӦģܽסյһУЩӦһЩģֻбյķһؿڡ
ǽסĻûнסģһǱոˡ
һ̣յŪķ϶٣ܹܵסֲһ
ЩǸķٵĴӰϷ֮ԼٶȳŰյı£ȥ
صһ֮󣬰ǣһΣŻ۾ʦ˹ȥ


2695 
۾Ҽľھһ˽ɣ
շһУЩɼĸȫ֮ٴξ£ϣ˫֮нâ֮䣬һ㵽˻۾ʦߣصĳһơ
۾ʦƵĽŲϺˣ֮£Ҳֻûӳ˫Ƹնƴ
۾ʦΪ˫ƻӳޱߣҲ֮ƣӳ˫Ƶʱ޴ķӡƾն
䡱һ죬˵ƴһ
һбȸղźҸүһƻҪѣ죬ųȼ֮ѸٵĳӹȥһɳʯʮλɸսƬطѾһƬǽ壬һƹȥ˷ôԶӹʱҲЩԵֵæҸүǰ˼ܵ˵ĳײ
ӹʱҵĺ󱳻Ǹоһʹһ㡣
ܿ죬ٴתͷȥŰպͻ۾ʦǱ߿ȥ
û뵽ǣո۾ʦƴһ֮ûаݣмû˿ͣ٣ٴλӳ˫ƣһŻ۾ʦٴ˹ȥ
۾ʦɫѾǺ죬Ƕ㲻ˣֻӲٴθնԺһơ
ڶƶԺ֮󣬻۾ʦβѾѪ
һİնȻŹɱ˻۾ʦĻᣬ֮䣬ٴ˻۾ʦߣֻӳһơ
ƣ۾ʦǻӳмܡ
ȻһΣ۾ʦȻǽӲסˡ
һƺߣ֮˳ȥó
ʦо֣ʱŻ۾ʦǱ˫ȥӡ
ҪǰʱЩǿбƿĵǷӦ˹
һλ䵱ɽˣеĳһָкȵħɨǬ
һ䣬еǰѷʱееǰħһСǵأȫŰյķ˹ȥ
ԭҪ㽫۾ʦһƱİջͷǿֲĽһۣæȥܿ
ԭվĵطһʱ£ըѿһӣոһ㿪ħʱת˷򣬼ϵķ˷ոΧͬʱ˹ȥ
һйǿҲ䵱ɽΪԵһ˰ɡ
Ҳǽѹ׵ֶȫʩչ˳
ȻǸոն㿪İͻȻֲˣվԭأ˫һصεض𣬽ȫ
Ȼ£ȫײ֮ϣ׷׻˰ɫϢʧ֮С
ղŰշǣֱȥԸЩɼĸ֣ĿǽЩȫˣܹڳ۾ʦ
ͬʱǻķҲЩɼĸ˿ɴСĴˡ
һ˫
ʱЩҲ˲ϵʹˣ׷׸һٴγŰɱ˹ȥ
ס˻۾ʦ֮ĻУ۾ʦϵĳײ֮ʮһֱ˵ǵ߲ͣ
ϻ˵Ļ۾ʦ˵ϡ
ոջ۾ʦȻŽ˰ƣÿһƶҸүһƲҪһЩ
ΪҲԵֵ
ʱĻ۾ʦȥҸүò˶٣һɮҲ飬Ѫ߰ߣͨƵɮۣһ۾ʦһѪӣѪϴȫ͸˳
ˣ۾ʦĿҲڲϵӿѪ
ʦʦм涣۾ʦڵ֮󣬿ȫ¶ڲϵѪ˫ֲţȥ۾ʦ塣
۾ʦǰڵϣϢ΢һ仰Ҳ˵ϻôҲûлӦ
ɱİգӸƴˣ
۾ʦˣг׵ķˣһ֣㽫ϽջУһѽϵ·¶ϵ
еؿڽâһһǽ޺ùԱ߻ŭĿգϻǽħƸ˳һ㳯Űյķ˹ȥ
죡סϻȥ
ʱﻹȰչһҧأҲһϣǣΧųʱһâ˰չ֮С
ȥչʱѾһˣͷϳ˵ֻۣеķ𾫳Ҳе
չҲҲҪƴĽࡣ


2696 Ǻο
кͰչĹϵΪҪãչʱ򣬻϶ϻģ񿴵۾ʦ˴ȥƴչƢ̵סֻö֮һҲԼϡ
ֻĳǿûʲôչ˶壬Ҳ𲻵ʲô̫á
һʮҪȫˣ˵ŭ𶼱׵ȼ
վʵ޴ʮֻصĹ̥ȫµĸȫһҲĶ֡
ЩСҲֻܸƴˣվҲԲ
·һҲҪ
ģˣһҲݺݵһǹǽҲȥ
СŸ硭չ˺ǣҺҲƴˣ
ǿͷһۣǷ޶ͬʱ˫赣һ󣬳Űյķɱȥ
ֵȫȥǰվһսȻҲš
үеΪڸң˿̵ΪǲаգʵҲǳڵ֮ϣҲ˭ϣܲЩֵǰװȥɡ
Ĺһۣ˲ԶڸЩͷʹɱүӣæүӣտҸүͻ۾ʦ
ʮĸֱҵߡ
һ˴ĸүͻ۾ʦѪ۵үӲһ̾
֮ҲܽպһصײɣֻصĻ۾ʦˣڰյиһ㡣
үֿңӣȥɣֻҪϷһڣǶλ㲻һë
һһ֣֣âѾ顣
ȥɣϷȥɱһصĹ˵үӵ
صĵ˵ͷҲҪԸһص֮С
߸ҪߣͻȻҸүСšȵȡ
ҽŲһ٣ͷ˸үүʲôҪԸģ
үһǳҪҪ㡣ү۾˵
Һܿ۷˻ȥյ˸үߣҸүһ࣬ŵǻ۾ʦԴնԺ֮󣬱һֱϵѾϵѪȾһƬѪ졣
۾ʦǸӣҸү˵ĻأǳŲס೤ʱˡ
㿿һЩүҵ
Ҳԣв⻹Щǣүʲôľ󲿷Ϊڸˣٿסҡ
뵽Ұ˲٣ֱӶ˸үߣЩ˵үл˵ǼֵǶסգܹܿҵǡ
Сš
ҵĻû˵꣬۾ʦͻȻſ˵ˣһæͷȥ
һҪղŻڵϵĻ۾ʦȻվ˿ͻȻһֻ֣һ¸ҵͷϡ
Ҿ;Դˡһ죬һɿֲ˳Ǿ˹
⡭
ʲô
ҸûзĻ۾ʦͻȻվϢղſ۾ʦ˳ǸӣΪҲˡ
ǸݲҶ룬ӻ۾ʦвлķ֮֮ӿ롣
һɾʹӵȫ۵Ҳſʹ
վһүҲɵˣæǰȵ۾ʦϵܡǡ
ϸԡⶼҸ۾ʦõġҸү̧ͷһۡ
ҪѣԴӱ۾ʦֻƸס֮Ҿһסߴߣû˿ķ֮ѪҺȫ
ǹȵķ֮Ҵܣϵĳŵ֮ӿ롣
ЩͷôΪʲôҪô
ʹ絶ʣԶϴľʹҪܡ
ǡǺοأүεҡҡͷɫʹޱȡ
ûа취Ϸͻ۾ʦǰյĶ֣ʱǶ˽ˣǱΪҲ˼ˣɢЩ󱲡
ү˵ţٴξҵĿĳ֮ǰϸ缸ˣһŲסˣҪΪС⺢ӣЩ֮УֻΪߵģ˺ϴ辭ͨţܹǴ͸ΪȫսС⺢ϸ缸ΪҲܹսһ۽ΣǶҪԼŬȥԸգҲûа취İ취


2697 һ˭
Ȼȫʹͣ澭۾ʦΪϳˢҵʱѵġ
˵ÿһ֣Ҷ˶
ֱҲףҴĳǵһ̣ͱǼǰˡ
Ҳĳ롣
սΪὫȫΪݵҵϣҼס
ҲɱյĻһоֻˡ
֮ѡңΪҶ˺ϴ辭ܹϵΪٵתԼġ
һ̺壬үүԼƣղѾƭһΣƭһΡ
ҲǸɵӣоЩԾҪյҸү
ºˣֱ۾ʦһš
۾ʦķΪֻҸүΪҪ೤һһɵĲ˳ҵǹӿҵһʱоЩܲסӴ澭Żһֱ˺͵ʹ
үӲסİ̾Ҳ޿κΣҲû뵽ջôѲʮɼĸֶκβΪߵĻ۾ʦҲӲסơ
ʱЩһصĹͷʹɱүӱʮ˸ɱһ𣬻סˡ
֪˶ãӿԽԽϡˡ
ָоҸүΪʱĸо࣬ģƿסԼˡ
ܹסԼһɲǣж۾ʦϵĹ
ʱĻ۾ʦҲѾӽ;ƿݣжϸĹ֮󣬻۾ʦһΣֱͦͦԵȥ
æһѽ۾ʦסˣ仺ķ˵ϡ
۾ʦΪʲôҲҸүһ𷸺Ϳ
۾ʦڵ֮һʹ˵
۾ʦȻˣǸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵ӷ𡭡ĺүнľ֮ˣһΪȥкãҲö룬ǸΪȥԸհɡ
۾ʦȫϺףλģʵܡ
˵ʵһǱҸ˵ĸо
ӡеķ֮éɽΪҲ֪ĵķ֮ڵĵҹ᲻ͻֻ´еǰҲ˼ôˣɡ
˵ţ۾ʦٴ˵ϣ۾ٶԡ
۾ʦ۾ʦ
۾ʦ۾һΪԲˡ
ǣҴŵӽָ쵽ı棬̽һıϢʮֵ΢пڣôκεĻӦ
ҸүҲһ㣬һҲû˷Ӧ
ǶٸҶ˵
һ˽꣬˼ǵǰү۾ʦǽһΪڸңһʧģ첻ǰҵУڰյУ
ͷݣٴΧյս֮л˹ȥ
ǰǴһƬȣַ׷ɣͻȻ顱һ죬һѷ߷˹Ƿһ׹˵ϣ֮Уֻʣһڵϡ
ȻһӰԶ˹ڵء
Ҷһɳλ䵱ɽˣ֮ǰǰѽ䵱ɽħ
һɼĸֵˡ
һֻ˭أ
ǿĸүͻ۾ʦѾû˷֮˾͸ǰյĶˡ
ҵŽ꣬Ųͣսмȥյʱұ߶˺ϴ辭֮ǰү˵ˣҪ뽫үͻ۾ʦΪȫ뵽Լ֮УҪ˺ϴ辭ܳ
˺ϴ辭һ߶ϵĻĲ˲ή˼ʮ׵ľ룬ϼʮʯͷɵ˰֮Уѿӷۡ
Ŵ߶˺ϴ辭ȥʱ򣬱͵ڿٵĳײҵӾǺ˾һҡһΣǣڿٵתţޱȣϵѪһһ͹˳ѪҺ̣ǷڵĿˮ
ȻϾȻнɫĹâ˳һɻֺޱȵķ֮
һ̣Ҹоҵ۾ܹĸԶԭոλɼĸƴеĽҲ˺ܶܶࡣ
Ȼ䣬־֪ʲôطǿҴʱ쳣Ҫûɱ
ǿҵʱ˳ֱһɨǧǰϽ̾ͱնء


2698 ʲôǾ
үͻ۾ʦΪȫ䵽ҵϣһ߶˺ϴ辭оǿƥݺ֮ܲо̺һԭӵƵģʱҪѿ
ϵȲҪйĸо
곯ұļ־Ҫû͵ϮңĻӳһֻ콣򵥵һɨǧ־ҵնɱ
ɨȥնΪأǶ˻ԵǰϰŹ˵ϡ
Ѫʱӿ־Ъ˹ĲҺ֮
ڻλΪңȻôǿˣ־ϻŰϰƤףӲޱȣѰʱɨǧԶûǿϴƤ׶Ʋ
ˣΪԽǿ콣ҲԽǿ󣬲콣ӦҲǿ
նɱ־ǽڰ־ĴڣҸĳǵʱҪɵЩ־ҪƴʮϣֻһУܽǿ־һնɱ
ʱ˺ϴ辭תүͻ۾ʦעϵΪԼٶҵ֮С
ָо޷ݣĳһ˲䣬Ҿұվɽ֮ߵһ£ȫš
־ǵͬ鱻һնɱʱŲһ٣˴˿һۣתͷܡ
ЩͷʹȻηҲɵӣʵ̫⣬Ҳװ
ͷʹҪ룬ɱҲû׷ȥֻſ˫֣һץ˺ϴ辭֮ʱϽˮк
ʮ׿ľ룬˺ϴ辭֮Ѿӵǵϡ
˫һץ־̱㳯ߵɶ
ڰ֮У˫ֺһ裬ޱȵĴ󺰴ܿ죬˵صһ𣬱˺ϴ辭֮ϵԼٶȱɽڣҲٵĸɱȥ
־ʱ򣬰ڸЩǶĲɿҵȺֵǡ
ûҸүͻ۾ʦУЩȻѹ޴󣬸ղ䵱ɽҲ˳ȥ֪
֮䣬һλֲ֪ʲôУҲ˳
ǡʱ־ѾҸˡ
ǰ˼ͷһɳǸǿ⹫ɽɵˡ
Ȼ˵ĲᣬڵϣڵѪæ˹ȥһѽ
ӡùңȥҪȻиȥ
˼ѵ˵ţɪɪ
Ӧһ˷˵ϣŽ첽ǰ
ûˣЩ֮ϳţҲսΪһ˿޺ͶʶŵôֱЦ㽫ǿʲôµףʲôǸеĴڣ
ղĴЦ˼Ȼ䣬ٴδϿٵķɢʮճΧĶִȥ
յǷɢ֮ʵ޼ֻһʱ֮ıܿͻķ֮ϡ
ȻʮΪģΪսپٵĽˣʵʩȨ֮ƣȻһȷʮЧ
ҿգʮٵķɢΧЩɴȥ
ƺߣܶ˶˳
æ˼֮ϵĻĲʱִ׳ɳȥЩȫסǵڵϡ
СšǱ𡭡ɱ˰գ
ҵߣһϤ̧ͷһǱסϻҲˣչҲָģһʶҲʧ
طǴĳǣ֮⣬ط档
յǿ治ЩСֵܹġ
Ȼм˱˳мڸռԲ˵
ҸϻǶԣֻǿһǻţҾͷ
һ֮˫־Ž꣬Űյһն˹ȥ
նһʱ򣬰յǼһе֣ڳŰյϿ£
ΪԵʣһؽȥ֮󣬵֮϶ʱնһعֳǽ޿ƥеƳŰյǸȥ
ķ׷׸յķںϣԵǸĿȴоһȻתüͷһŭȵ
˵ţֱһвΪն˹


2699 Ѫ
յǸնһǷ絶ǰη绢ȴûһ˿һĿ־壬Ϊǿ󣬸ޱǿš
һǷ絶ܿնȥһԺһ𣬷һҸеǣǵȻ˰յķ絶ֱŰյǸײ˹ȥ
յǸһΣһӰܿ˰յ֮С
ˣջһƺߣɫʱ
Ͼǰյķûǰǿ˻۾ʦΪҸү֮ͬʱΪҲǲԸһӦò̫ѵ顣
һ䣬տʼң΢΢תӣ۾Сһ֮пүļַɣĩʱֶѾûڳ֮Уµµˣ˼ȡڵΪڱ֮ˣߵ棬޿ƥУϧûл߳ȥ۾ͺǸС飬ƴһҲҪΪȻ㣬֮֮𣬱ʮΪһɱɱҺΣ
˵գЦһɫ죬ȷһ޿ƥеơ
վһֻǽâĽ׼˰ա
ʱܹΧߵѾˡ
ղŰշɢǣ˼ɼǼֵȫ˳ȥ
ھʣҡɽɽˡéɽˡɽīˡΪ˺վڴ˴
ҸоǣղŸ۾ʦһз𾭵ɽĿղʦɽľʦµľʦȻȫ˵ϡ
ǼԭͨסյΪģղһֱûע⼸λʦĶ򣬸֪ʲôʱµģλʦб˵ϣ֪
ǻ۾ʦղ߳ȥնƴƵʱǼλʦķΪƲסգȻ󱻰յϢѹƣӶɵİɡ
ҲЩоֻһĿģǾǸɷգΪҸүͻ۾ʦ
ǲУҲҪ°յһ
ҾҸүͻ۾ʦװԼ
СšϻˣǼһϣѿҾȫʹƶͻˣ˻۾ʦϹΪǼһŪ۾ͨĿŰգѾɱۡ
ҳǼǰһۣΪ˺˵Ʋ̫֮⣬ɽī˺ɽɽˣéɽǶѪɫҰףȻ֧š
ƾǼ治ǱĶ֣С˻۾ĵΪҲղŵ൱޷Ǿǻһִ򷨶ѣǾ˴׼ɣǷƵ˵
գθȷѪ꣬ʬҰ㿴ûУʯͷصʬ壬Ϊһ˵̰žǶ£һ᲻úģ˵УеĽѾҼ죬һ֮ӽ֮д˳
Щ˶ϣֻǿֵ߲أС˵ҲԶ֪վ۷ĸоҲ֪˵ԼеĿ⡭ҡգףƿߣ˳߲ΥԸˣϣҲǣЩ˵
߻ħһ׵׵ħͷһ׵׵˵ʲôãֻɱŻعӦеӡ
ٸԣֱӾ˽꣬㳯Űɱȥ
ȵȡͻȻһ֡
ʶĶס˽Ų֪ջʲôҪ˵ġ
һٶǰүһ緢һ㱾뵽үڵΪҪүǿ˲٣ǰûɱʵһ£ʹʹĴһΣֻɱ㣬͵ڱһٶǰѪˡյ
꣬ǽҵɵôҴ˿ǿ϶ҲĶ֣Ա߻λɼĸ֣һҲһĶ֣ȻҸڿЦô
գôƭСأ¸ϻһϣ˵ţǼɳɱ
յȴһ˿ЦݣͻȻ뻳һɫӣ΢΢һһɺɫɷ֮ǼƮȥǼɼĸһɫӣʱɫ䣬׷˼
ħ죡


2700 ħ
֪˭һǼɼĸͬʱˡ
ҵ߶ʱ۽˰ɫ档
ʲôŹ֮
ħ죡
ű㲻ʲôķ
΢΢תͷǼɼĸ֣Ц˵۹⣬ǱƳķħ죬һصĴ֮һһǻ궦ûлټˣƾħܽһȫΪħ죬ǻ˲ܹͨڤŲ֮µ䵱ãԶħܽȫնɱǺú棬һɱѾʧȥȤǱǣ
˵գٴЦ˼Ǽλɱ˴˿һۣͬʱһվﲻ
ħûм궦кӡģһصͺˮʥһͬΧéɽʱ򣬴éɽɽų˵ϣܹͷų˻ǣʱҲǲһ궦С
գ㡭ֱǴ治ȻҪ֮ħųѵͲǴôΪŭȵ
Цʲôʱ¹ֻʮǧ֮ãʲôûǴкξ壿ٴЦ
лȻҲշϻһл㾦㳯Űϴ˹ȥͬʱǰҪɱ
ұĽǰеħһӣɷʱرɫ֮϶ѿһӡ
ЩԭҪĵɶʱ׷׺ˡ
գۼĹ򣬴ӵѿǾ޴֮УͻȻһڣкüɸߣĸԴȫȼŻʯͷǵعһԾϣһ£һ˫۾ҲܹĿһɨ㿴Ǽɼĸ֣һſڣһɳĻ棬ŵϯȥǵϵʯͷĳ죬ʱһƬ
ǴӾ֮Ķħ
ħֲ̫ˣȻ
ǼɼĸֱħͷƵķ׷ɢҴâ
Ӿ֮ĶħǰǼλҲ־ˣҲǵһμֹ
Ҳǵһμ
ȻħͲֻһŵһΣһħǾ޴ѷ֮˳
ħﳤҲޱȸߴ󣬶һһһĳſ֮üɳ⡱һɵ˰֮УȻ󸩳£һ˫ޱȵצӳŵ֮ϵһץ˹ȥ
˲Ǹɵĸ֣һصܶĹͷʹǹץסֱ֮һҧԴӱצӴж˿飬Ķ˵ϣȻٴ׼Ŀ꣬¡
˿ǰҲ޷ƿסЩ֮صħǻǼ˾ɱ
ҲܹһЩߣЩħرǼλɼĸ֣һǵط֮඼ǳǷ˹
ɵѪҺȽϺúȰɣȻ̺ķ
ҳյʱѾֻι״˶ޱȵӵط֮˳ϵĳҾͲ֪ˡ
ܿ죬ұ㱼ħİߣһӿ˺üЦеĿңƶȡ
һ߶еĽ꣬һ΢Ц˵һܹеˣûɱСӣɱĺҲǱһ֮ˣ
ҳŰ˼ʮУֻǶڽʱͻȻһ飬պûκαУ۸ԵУǿһ˫֡
֣ҲܶԸʮɼĸ֣̾Ϊֹˡ
ʮ֮󣬰ҡҡͷ˵̫ˡĲ໹̫û˼ˡ˵ţͻȻͻеħ죬ϴ˹
ħһ䣬ɷ̹Ǻǻһ֮ȥæס˿߶һȫЩɫɷɷҵ֮С
ҸչеͬʱѾ߸ħӵط֮˳ЩħһֶԸǼ֮⣬ЩֱӳɱȺ֮УֱǺɨһеĽ࣬Щ˵ǵǰֱӱǾ޴ĽŰȳһ⽴һڻ棬ܽʮϯסճһѻҽ
ǿħ˸Ļ޲ߣƵǣЩħﲢûһҺͰ߱ΪħԵʡ
һħ죬ұЩмܣˡ


2701 
ҴʱΪѾ쳣ǿ󣬵԰յʱ򣬻ǸоһĴܸУ̫ǿˣǿ޷ĵز
֮ǰָҶƴҶѾάˣֽħ䵱˷һħ֮䣬Ũɷɢĳ֮ȥҲֻҧأӯȫεЩϳ֮ĺɫɷ
㣬ҾòΪ裬ձƵĺм֮
ǵط֮ħֱӾʯͷ֮ŰǰյĹͷʹ͸ɵĸ֣Щħﲶ׽Ķ󣬱׽ס֮඼ʮ̵ֲķʽɱЩħ·Ϊɱ¾ڱǼѪζ쳣Ŀ˷ܡ
ħʹãųôֲħһֲĳ档
ǵط֮һ߸ħ֮󣬱ûµħ֪ǲΪûˣħֻٻ⼸ħ
Щħд󲿷ֶǳǼɼĸȥģҲʯͷ֮еɱŪһƬ
ɵĸԼЩͷʹҲЩ£֪ǸöԸħǼɱ
˿̣Ѿ˲ЩˣǰİѾұƵ˾ԵУҳ˽Уûκλ֮
Сӣ㻹̫һЩδᣬֻƾŻ۾ĵĴ͸ΪȣΪ̣һҪҵУ
˵ţеħһӣֱӳ̽һֱؿϮ
Ʒ׶졣
һҲȥӣæʩչٰ˲źȥȻҶĺܿ죬յƷ绹ҵϣʯײؿڣʱЩĿڷƣʹѵ
һĴҵؿڣһ
һ᲻Ҳүͻ۾ʦǰ㣬ֱӾһѪ
һûе֣ӻһӰзݣƴĴ㡣
ڿճɱʱҴ߶˲ľ֮ԦľƲĵ֮գۼĹ˴׳ĲľŰεӰƶȥ
𾪵ǣЩĲľʮηƵģȫߣ𲽵κá
ҽŲˣͭǮҲ˳ٵĴ߶ıͭǮͭǮһɢĹ򶼲ͻͭǮǣŰյķɢȥ
ĽεӰͻȻֱʵֻһץЩͭǮǰ޲˵ЩͭǮҲ˵ϡ
èֶΣûиģǳ˵
յĻһ˵꣬ʱһӲӵĹâո
һ£֪ʲô
ˣСſ춯֣˵ɡ
Ҿ˹϶ǶͭͭĹâһסĳˣԽ䶨ʱ䣬ǰյΪ죬ϻͭס
ͷԺֻ֮һҸԥٰ˲߶ٶȱ˰յߣһؿڴ˹ȥ
һ̹ȥʱ򣬰յǵһ˿мҲղûбסһûУͭȫߣ͵ҹء
̾еħ׾ٵĵ˽꣬Żһƣؿ˹
һ̣һĺë϶Ƕ㲻ˣֻһҧҲһƣŰ˹ȥ
䡱һ졣
תǿҵĞųһΧ졣
ھƴʱǴ߶ţһƣܹҵŰպȥǴƣ̺⣬ͨƴƵʱ򣬽ӿԷ֮У󴦴ŵĶתǬƣԽԸҵתƵµĵ档
һ𣬸նԺ䡣
ȻҸоܲûеǰ㱯ҡ
Ͼ˻۾ʦ͸үΪѾյҲͬն
ҷһƺߣʱѿһӣʮôܻ֩һѺۣѪҺһΪ֮ڣ߰˲ҲסΡ
ȻҲùԭȥЩ԰׵ȥ͸ˣĽŲҲ岽ſסΣϸСĵâת
ҺͰնվ֮󣬶Щ˼Ŀ˶Է
ҵĲ˼֮ڣվȻҲܹһ˺ü


2702 ۶
տ϶Ҳû뵽һƾȻûнҸУԼҲź˺ü
ʵһưûнҸˣҪԭϴŵĶתǬƵԵʣմϵȫתƵ˵֮ϣҪȻҲѿһĿӡ
ƱܹҵΪҵΪѾǿˣǸӲӲһƣҲӦòʲô̫ˡ
˫ײһǺܿͷֿʮ׵ľ룬վ
յ¶һ˿ݵɻȻͱ׺֮ɫһΣٴγɱ
Ҳһҧὣϡ
ѾģΣǿҲɣֻֻʮˣСүƴһҲҪһ
뵽ҳо͸ΪԴӸүͻ۾ʦһΪڸ֮콣֮еİЪҸû˿ͣ٣֮֮ȥ
ɨǧ֡㾦绢졭
еĽ겻ͣĻζһнһޱȵĽгŰȥ
˫ֲͣ䣬ƮЩȻ֮ǰǿٱǰɿɻ⡣
˵ʱײһʱݷֿһ˼ʮУͲƲĵ棬ӵ˺ۣķ絶ҽлҪֲÿһҵĽиķ絶ײһҵ֮жᴫһڶս֮С
ǿ̫ǿˡ
յʽԽԽͣǰֻһӰ
ֹƬ̣յķһΣٴιʼʩǷɢ˲佫Χ£м䣬Ȼôͬʱ˽
һޱȿֲΣ˲佫֡
һжˣͻȻݺݵ˵
ЩҲſ죬˵ͬһ仰񶼴ŻƵġ
֮࣬Ҳ˲ôˣ붼û룬ֱһؽһյķն˹ȥǸһΣ㿪һٰ˲ȥҪЩİΧȦʱķͬʱҵĺ󱳾ʹ˹
ǣշֳǣһʱǰǿ󣬵ǲ̫ʱ䣬һȥǱܿ£ı֮С
ȴһ飬ǾЩձǿ󣬸Ҫȥķ㳯Һ󱳴˹Ըоȣ糶ĺۣӳȥʱֻ΢΢һ࣬Ҷȥһһȴʵʵҵĺ֮ϡ
ǸоͺǱһͿײ˺ϡ
ȫĹͷɢ˼ܣǰ˷ɶȥɳʮԶһǰæٴվ
ͷһԴΣһѪ˳Ҳûе¡
ԼУյӰһΣٵĳٴα˹
ˣ治Ķ֡
һҧٴ˽꣬Ҫƴ
ƺ׷
ͻȻǿȻһƺ׺ͷ˵֮쳹ʣͷ֮ͻȻһâյθԭء
ȥôǿ
Ϊ֮һ㶣һʮ׵ʱ򣬽Ųͣͷǿտȥ
ղΧյʱƺûпӳ֡
סյǵ֮ǰжҪ貣Ӧط߶
תͷǿտȥʱ򣬷˸ԾеĽָ˰գŷɫʮֲ԰ףҲ΢΢
۶
̧ͷһͷǵ⣬һ֣ɫ״Ĺâͷϵǵײ˹ȥ
֪ҵĻˡ
ղҸү콣û˰գңλǰüӵΪܲܽոſأ
ƴһһ°գֻмӵʱ䣬Ҳȡ˶÷Ļᡣ
Ͼ콣ΪֲһɱУ֮ٻҪӵʱġ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
ŰճһС۶ҽŴһ죡
˵ͬʱ𣬰ռʱͷɢȻֳǿһǷ絶
ȻռΪŭҸյʱ˹ңһҳɹˣǶƣΨһ
ԣǼǷ絶Ϊң涼γһӣײ˹ȥ
ǿնǴʧɫؼʱ̣ҿǿյǰ棬˫ס˷ָȻһǷ絶նǿķ֮ϡ


2703 Ӧе
ڰնǿնɱеʱôһɲǼҪʩչĴУȥӸͷԺֻ֮һܿͷˡ
ֵܵȻҪ˵ҲһҪ
Ϊ˿գѾкܶܶĽս֮жҲΪ˾ӣնɱյĻᡣ
λỹǿȡģݼš
ǿ϶ҲҰ;ϡ
Դ̤ĳǵһ̣˶ûܻųȥ顣
ɱգҲǱһˡ
һĻΪʹģĿǿձյһǷ絶˴ȫ˳ȥһ̫ˣҶûǷκһ죬˾ͲӰ
һ̣ҵıЩᣬǵ֮еҲǴ߶˼¡
Ϊ
һɫĳʱ᳤գ֮Ʒ磬쫷ҲȻ
֮Ҳ쳹ʣ˵ĶĤ
Ҷ÷ʱ򣬸оɫĳղ̫ʵλЩΣһЩ̫ͬʵˣצɢһޱȿֲϢܹһ㡣
ɫĳڰ֮зе˶ͣеĶͷϵ֮꿴˹ȥ
֮Ҹүкܴġ
ͨüοүʩչʽҷָүͷϾֻһǣЩϵ
Ҽԭүзӡֻ꣬Ǳүҡ
үȻٵ֮ꡣ
ڵΪȻҸүΪĺüķȻǿ
Ӿ֮ЩħͷҲͷϵ֮ŵɪɪЩأһҲҶ
䡱һ£Űն
˫ſ̧ͷǾ޴һΣվûôˣͻȻ쳤Хһ֮зɳһһ˰֮Уɳ֮ҲǱޱȾ޴ɢʥĹâԱʮ׵ľ룬ס˰ա
֮ЯŴݿƣһǰ£˰յſѪ죬һڳŰҧ¡
Ǿ޴֮廹ڵϺɨһȦһӾ֮ħͷûжǱβ͸ɨ䣬ðŻӵʬɢĵǡ
һ֮İεض𣬴Űճ֮УƲ֮зݣʱʱ֡
֮꣬Ϊ⽣걾ϣ֮ҲǸһ˫ֻ꣬Ҫܵ˺ҿ϶ܹ쵽
ձ˰֮󣬺ܿҾ;Щ̫Ծˡ
֮ǰնԸҸүʱ򣬱˵֮ãҵƽİ취
ôǿ֪꣬ܲƽأ
뵽ʱҾŽͻȻһΣĿڷһʹؿһۣͷϵ֮žͷһ
˭Ҳ֪֮Ͱڰ֮սģҲ֪
ֻǾôʹԽԽۣؿЩƣͷ𣬽žͰ˵ϣҲֲסһѪٴ˳
ʱһɫĹâӲ֮ѸٵķŽ֮˽ȥ
綼һƬЩ˿ңЩ˿ͷ
Ѿˣǰȥˣ
Ǳֱ֮˰ɣ
ҲȷյûΨһȷǣ֮ˣˣⶼǰոɵĺ¡
һܵشҿ϶Ҳùˣ³һѪ֮󣬸о֮еѾɢ˺ܶࡣ
ô֮궼˳ģ̫̬ˡ
ҰڵϣҲ̧ͷͷϿһۣǡʱһɫͻȻƮصͺһ˴һٶ¥һ㡣
顱һ죬ǵɫݺ˵ϣֱӱҳһӡ
ǸӰҵһŽλƵվŰյǸطȥ
ǸǰգһͶصſڵϣһ
˺һҿ˫ֻһ£ȻͷҲ̧ĴӵȻվ
ʱİգһѩĳѾģѪ߰ߣƲ滹մȾ
ʳ˼̻İգҲʳһ˿ѪߣЦ˼ǷӦеӡ


2704 ּ
˵⼸ֵʱҶʱúһ񺮡
ʩչһУѾҵļˣһһŪʵûа취ˡ
ڵӣӦҲˣϾ֮Ҳʮǿģղһ̣ʵֲ
նֵزѾܾˣҵòȥҲǿ˶١
İջûȫ֮еĶ¯ںϣŻ֮ãǿΪǶ¯ںˣҪֲʲôӣзҲκβɡ
վڲԶİպǺЦ˼֮ҳ֮зϣһһ˹
ÿǰһұоһǿɱӭ
һһ߳˵ʷ㾪˵ƣǰүһз죬ٶ֮ĺٴʩչһУǰǿΪܹƽǲһЩٵ£ȱ¯ںϣܹݵ˵֡ðɣһжҪˣصޣɱ㣬±Ǳ֮
˵ţͻȻӶ˫֣ʮָ֮縡
һӣһ絶ҷʮܼǷ絶ҵվȣ˺ü
˵̫ˣſ£ˣһˡ
Ҳܣүͻ۾ʦ;ƿݣһûսһ̣ǾԲܵµġ
Ǽʮ絶ҷһֽʮշ䣬ϣҵǰ絶ܿƿϣ絶ϵԾʮ絶նɱ
һֱ̣ӽеĽ׷ɳȥʩչһнߵʱ콣ӰסЩֲķ絶
Ҵһղ֪ʲôӣӵһƾð˳˫Ƴص˹
걻ҷɳҲӲֻҲ˫ƸնԺ䡣
˫ƽһִ󿨳ӭײĸоһεᵽˡ
һһҿѪ쭷ɣӱ˳ȥתǬһãҲԣǴƵǼˡ
ҵɳȥͬʱպûôˣһӭٴγײ˹˫ؿ
ҵǲϻѪţ߾ȫٴλӳ˫ƣȥ°յ˫ơ
ڶƽסҵӸûüڵϣɣٴǰǵƣҸоҵ˫ѾԼˣҧأ˫̧
¡һذ
ǰһڣӱ˵ϡ
ĳһ̣ҾԼˣѾûκ֪Ѫӿϵľ֪ϵ˶٣ľҾȻоʹˡ
ǰһжģ߶һƬѪɫ֮зֱʳѪ
һƬ飬κûˡ
Ѫʵ֮Уҿ˰վҵǰ棬Ҳһ
վϣϾҪڽ£ҲǱʮһǿУסģǼסүһȥүžȥɣ
Ѿûκη֮һһſڵϣڰյĻҲûκβ
ӣʲôأ
ϣѪܶˣﻹѪҲãǰղɱңҲ˰ɡ
ŬתͷŰտȥջһƣ㳯ҵԴ
ûб۾ҪŰգ֪ûĻᣬеĻ±ӻҪƴһ
ۿŰյһƾҪʱͷ֮ͻȻһ磬ޱȡ
յͻȻͣһʮףǿƷ罫ҵˣûʹ
ҿһΣ뿪ӵǰɫëʡ
ëصĵطʱ˺˹
ţһֻëͻȻ˵ϣվǼëǰ棬𣬳Űյķ֨֨һΣͻȻͱޱȸߴҵڶϻµ¼ЩüɽҪߴܶࡣ
֨֨ĽܿͳɱɫĹâ˫֮˳˰ողվĵطȻҲըӡ
񡭡ǡĻšһƾճֵ࣬Щŵ˵
ּܶˡֻɫĺųֻ۰ļϡ


2705 ɱ
˴ңۿžҪһƻɱȻƾճֻɫĻüһֻëӡ
ֻɫĻüȹҺüΣûҽϹ̡
ҲҹҸүȷϹȷǸýϹ̣ΪʲôҪϹ̣үҲûи˵ס
ֻܹɰüɽһСĻëӣҲһΣѦСߺĻϣңЩɱʱɫüŻëͻȻ˺ҶȣҸ
λû˷ȥûһθлǵĻᡣ
û룬ϾҪնɱʱٴγҵǰҸ
ĺܺ棬Ϲֻ̺ëΪʲôܹؼʱ֣Σ֮С
ѰʱǶʲôطΪʲôҵôע
һǣеʶҵԺ֮С
ϾҪȥңڿλ֮ǿ˾񣬳ǿȥҺֻ֪ɫüֻëӵ׸ʲôϵΪʲôһҪҡ
ɫüͻëӱ˵İվվڲԶĵطʶֻɫüͻëӡ
ֻɫüҲʶգһԽһٶľˡ
ʹڻܺö˶˵ĳǰݱͣ⺮ϣҪȻһٶǰѾɢˣڴ˴ٴ뱾ԣǲЩˣ˶ݵľ֮ǰյ˵
գҪ㽫ҽ⺮ڣ޷ֻأΪˣҪɱҼҺ󱲣ѵҪĿɱɣҲûû뵽û뵽ȻֽʬˣһٶǰȷѪٴֻ֣Ҫϵһ죬ûаʱ򣬹ιҪ󻼵ģϹ̶һ³򣬳˵
ֻ;޴Ļëӵǹɣվһͬһɽҵǰ棬ĿһֱڶŰգ۾ͮͮģ˸ɢһɿֲϢ
Ϲ̵ǰͻȻЦʲôЦһ㣬ЦǰϣᶼЦ
ƾСֻСˣܷʲô˻Ҫɱңˣ
ǰɱ㣬ɱ㣬̧ͷϿ֪ˡϹʮֵ˵
üͷһ̧ܿͷźͷϿ˹ȥ
Ҳѵ̧ͷŰտķ˹ȥһʼûпʲôƬ֮󣬴ʯͷǵĳһͻȻɹһȺѹѹĶһɫĻϯ˴ա
ȥʲô
ڿ㳡֮۾ʱɫҲޱ
һʼҲ֪ǺѹѹһƬʲôǷɵٶȺܿ죬һ߷һ߻ˡ֨֨Ľ
ܿ죬ҾͿķ߷ɹľȻǧǧֻɫĴӳһƬܲ͸磬ôͬʱ˹˾޴֮
㱼䣬ҾЩЩ죬ϾͼⲻͨϻµǸɽѪô
ôҲѲɶϻµ׵ֻǧҲˣ
Ϲ˵ܹɱյˣֻǧɣ
ǧȻиǶԸһǾЩ
գۼĹһȺѪɵǵͷ֮ϣȻһȺǰʲôĳŵ
䡱һ죬Щ˲ɢȥȥһʱ򣬶ʱȵŴ͡
ЩŵľȻĸˣŮ
⼸λװǴӹװӾ߳һ
һЩڵϣһͬŰ˹
ҵ۾ɵԲ˼ĿǰһĻ
ĸ˳ʱ򣬴ͷϵȺַɳ޴ޱȵ𣬿ȥֱһСչʮ׳
ֻ֮ζ˼£ͱˡ
λڶϻµ¼λǧûɵΡ
ǧûɵηֱһͷ̫̫ϽԴźۣüĿŮ࣬һͬŰ߶
⵽׷ʲôĸ˵˭
ҸоԼЩ̫ˡ
۾ֱĿĸˡ
ߵĽ˵ʱҲſķӿȥиʮ꣬һ˿ƶûУһӿȥ߰˷ͷ׷ɢڼͷȥЩţɫŲ쳣ȡ


2706 һ
ӵʱҲ˵ΪʲôͻȻ
˯ң֪ôˣԴӿ⼸ˣͱЩܣȫ»ڲϵѪ
Ǹ߰˷ӣѦλүӵķ֮м͹ǲм֮УеҪȴ˿̵ܶ࣬΢΢Ц⣬ϻһֻëӡ
Ǹ˾ҵү硣
Ȼš
ٶǰҸүʦ¸ɽİܶ棬ɱ˰ա
һٶ֮үȻٴγ
үôҾԼһһж̫ʵ
үһ࣬һװŮжͣʮʮ֮ӣҲûһ˿ƣپǼģҼκһŮҪƯŵдһɳ׵ʣһɫվүһ࣬ʱʱ̧ͷүһۣ۵İ⡣
ŮӾǴӻ߳һ㣬аԾ̾ôгôÿŮӡ
ȻүߣӦþˡ
ҸүѾһٺüʮˣүҪȸүʮңӦһ̬ӵģΪοȥᣬѵͲһۼô
үһ࣬һӣҴʱү£ͷûүһȫǰ׷ֻмư߰׵ͷУǴһ˿Ц⡣
˿ȥһм֪ү绹һʦֽģֵ˺õܴһӣҲ˵ǰӦþһү
һҲһʮƯŮӣװ磬ͬǿͣվһࡣ
һˣųһţŰ
ĸϲûɢϢǽŲߵʮֳȥĪľİ
ܿ죬Щ˾ߵҵһ࣬ͣ˽Ų
աһٶûˣ㻹Ǹӣһû䡣ү˵
һˣŲ԰׵͸ӵĲ԰ˣǴļ΢΢˼£ŵǰһٶûˣû뵽ǻš
ү˵ʱǺÿĲ񻰵ֱ̾˹ķˡ
װߵҵĽǰ
ӡܿ㿴˵ĺذü΢ϸһ۵
ʱӻЩµģ˵һ仰ֻĿǰװ
ǳôᣬộвڰ
һٶôģѵǳ˳ҩô
éɽЩɺµĵޣҲлһٶģ޲̬ӣôôأ
ܿӣ⺢˵̫ˣȸ˵ɣҪȻһѪҲûˡǸװŮЩ˵
ԬˡЩ۵Ŀһ۵
˵ţǸԬµװ˴óһӣ֮Ǻ澹ȻȫĹƳ棬ֱΡ
ҷӦװ˾ȻǺĹƳһȫҵϡ
ЩƳһҵϣЩҵ˿֮Уʱ۵죬۵ιȥס˼ƺߡ
Ӻۣһͺˡ˵ţóһҲ˲ͷΪʹð亹̿ҵʱܴŵһʮֺŵϢǲľɢĻζƢбޱȰ
һǾЩΣʲô
ϲϴĴʹȫۣǱϵЩ۵ȥҲֻҧš
Ƭ̣ʹнʧͻȻԼȸղźһЩˣҲֻʱҪȥĸо
ҵ֫Ҳܹ򵥵Ļһ¡
ұо棬ϵ˿ڴһۣЩѪ˿ѾѪѾ̣Ҫϵӡ
Ҳ̫ˣǹװɨһЩӣ˿ھϵôˡ
ܿӣ⺢ӵ̫ˣֻЩƳЩϵľֻΪǡװЩǵ˵
΢΢ҡͷ˵⺢žͺܲˣҸľͷŲҺκηţͨδⲻһ¡
˵ţٴΰҲһͷϵ亹˵ӣһҺү˰գٺú˵
̡ҡ³˼֣ҪһЩʲôȴ֪Ӻ˵


2707 ̫
ʱ̺װѾ뿪ңүǱ˹ȥ
úúáǶˣã߱˺ֻĻëӣǻ䣬˻÷ȥһéɽҪǸéɽҪˣڰļһӦ˰ɣȻǲûг֣ΪѾֻˣû뵽ǾȻʱð˳Ҳ޷һӣҪڱУһٶǰĳޣҲԺúһˡճ
գĻɢڸˣʦֵܶ˳Ҫ׶ϾֻתĻᣬԶϡһ֣ͻȻһѽշС
ǰѽһϣʱֲ֣֡
ѽһķǹǽҲǵõķ䵽С
ѣ궼ûмˣϷ㰡ǰǹǽϸһǹǽǻӦƵģͻȻ֮
һʦֵܶ˱㱻仨ˮм֮һٶֻ֮󣬱ѾӵʮΪΪƾΪܹκε˱𣿡Ц
ܲɱ㣬һ֪ˣԣү˵ţһ֣ϲŵıԾȻС
ͬʱүĽһᣬָ˹ҵĴһɴʹĴͻȻһâүеǰѽ˽ȥ
ҵĽ֮зӡŵү֮ǰе
үڶϻµһڣӡ˽֮УķԨһֱߡ
Ϊ˶Կգүֽҽ֮е˻ȥܸԨǿ
һصԨ֮УǰԨʱâʢ죬ϵĴԨдޱȵ֮
үǰԨۿɵЩ죬Щ˵ѡҲǽûмˣٴκնɱһƬ
Ԩٴη˼Х֮쳹ء
λ׷ó˷Ǳ߰ħٴ˳˵ˣ˭Ҳ뿪
˵գеħһӣٴκǵضǾ޴ѷ֮Уٴδ˿ֲĺ֮ħҪǵط֮
үеԨһͳŰտɱȥ
ջħ죬үƴɱһ
ʱħֿʼѷ֮˳һħǿࡣ
үնһţûмУǽǹǽ߸߾һʦϣ
״
һͷ֮ϱ֮ƹһצʮܼͷ֮ը졣
֪Ʈ˾޴ĺƣǺͷ֮ϿٵתаɫżС
ʱһһž޴Ʋʱںһγһ޴ޱȵ̫ͼ˲֮ϣεΪ׳ۡ
״ôϾӺһŪĲһ
˿ֲ״һǵһμֲ̫ˣſڵϵң龰кȻЩɪɪ
һһɵľ޴̫ͼ֮Уܼ罻֯һǾ޴ĺ֮Ҫһ㡣
үӽʮּ򵥣һӶûõ̫֮֮󣬱㿪ʼܼһһĴͷ֮
ЩĿģҵ£мӵط֮иոħ̫ҪĿꡣ
¡¡죬ʮײЪǼħ㱻׸ʬɣҽЩλƴɱħҲ̫й׸ˣЩһģüֱӽΪֹ
̫еúԴԴϣ̻ƵĴ䡣
Щӵط֮ħһصܶЩͷʹҲ׺ɱҪĿꡣ
ֻҪһϸС⣬Щͷʹҷ
Ҵ㶵ĿųзһУĪ̫ǿˡ
ողű÷ʽˣүͻȻ֣λǰ֮£չҪˡ
Ҫǻֱûˡ


2708 콫
ʩչֶ̫Σν״̾Ϊֹ
ϾǾλɽĵŸţӾܽŵףɱĸɵʱ򣬾Ͷأʱ룬ô˿ֲֶΣ׺˭ܹסֲĺƺ
ȥˣеһ飬ˣ졣
ƲɽЩ׵ĵޣǼλףŪֶ̫ȣЩС׼ˡ
̫֮ʱ̫ͼ̺֮ޱȿ񱩣޾һ㣬ϵĹ߰ʮ׺Щӵط֮ħ׻ɱ
ǲħĵط죬жʮס
һʼħô׺ȥ֮ǵط֮а̹Ҳħˡ
滹УҲð֮¶ͷǸûʲô
үնĲɿ˵Ӱһ𣬿ľʣӰֱ治˭˭үõҲ콣ʽҸоҸүͻ۾ʦΪ֮󣬸˿үʩչ콣ȣǲ˺ܶÿһÿһʽǡô˵ү콣Ѿ¯࣬ǽÿһжϺڵ̺У⼸Ϊܹﵽļ
Ϊ⣬ү콣⣬ÿһнʽܹӳǿó
̫ڳ˺üӲϺ֮ͷų̧࣬ͷȥʱ򣬵Ǿ޴̫ͼҲֹͣת̫ͼͷų
ط֮ЩħȫĸɸɾЩһصĹͷʹҲɱ˺üˡ
־Ǹ֣һʩչǿ
һԭ᧿Σľʱõ˼ĸĹۣЩһصĹͷʹҲȫֲ̿ѡ
Щǰһһصܶߵľͷ
ЩͷʹǱĹƵģ̫һͣɺηĳɱ˹
ûЩħĸţʣµļɵĵɾȫЩһصĹͷʹƴɱˡ
Щ־ҲõģɵΪԶ֮ϡ
սһʯͷ֮д죬һΣЩһصĹͷʹϵĵ£ֻǧҲ˹ɱһصʹĴս֮С
λǧִλ˼ұ𣬾޴ĳӶ֮䣬ǿ𣬴ЩһصʹŸվʱͷЩһѪȻ£ɰǧѪϯסһͷʹϷȥϱһٿҧ¶ƤЩѪеѪģҧǣҲǴ߿֮ڵϵʱˤ˶ɢ˼ܡ
λԬµ̣óʹùƳ棬һּ䣬һƬɫĶȥЩﻹɣӦһЩϸСĹƳ棬ϯסͷʹЩͷʹҺӵĹ⾰Щͷʹֻʣ˰ɭɭĹͷӣЩ˻ûȥڵʹķ
ҵܿҲǸǿĴڣһָһһ˳ˣһģһһӯ趯ս֮еĺ֮ȴһƬЩͷʹϴŵƤף˼˵һֽʵƬƬĹͷʹǰ֮¡
ֶҼүүΰƽͻһзֻĲԶˣ̵ķûκ𣬶ΰƽķֻӰ
λǣֱ·һ㣬һ˵ְ٣һصܶǱֳһߵľƣЩͷʹ֪·һ׷ײȡԱķʽҪͬھһж޲˲ǰ֡
ֻɫĻü񣬷ɵбޱȾ޴󣬳֮䣬磬ʱ¼ɫëһЩͷʹϣ̾ͻᶳɱӣڵˤķ顣
Щ콫һʩչɺʹĳ˶ʱʿ񣬺ɱһ߹һЩһصĹͷʹƬƬնɱȥ
ҿⷬ棬мѣΪԼɣȴؼʱһʱ򣬶ͻȻˡ¡һ죬һ޴ӰͻȻײ˳ȥҲʮ׵ĵط


2709 磬Լ
תͷһʱһײɳǸȻɣԭͱҸүǴĲģͱĸˣϵۼ׶˲٣ЩطϺɫѪһĶɱײɳ֮ҽžͿһаĶʬ
˿̵ĶģʮֲֿݣҲкۼף͸Ҳ࣬˫֮ЩɱͿ֮顣
ʬִڣүҵǱϴ֮пһЩصļأޱȣʮѶԸ֮⣬һصǿʤ¶ݣǿǿԷſĲݵ֣ҪȻҲСʬˡ
˲ᣬǶʬҲЩϵۼҲаļҿʮַָ׵жһϵˡ
Ȼ⶷ʬɵʵӦò࣬ҪȻҲᶷôûûнԷſ£Ҫ֮ǰҸүʹһҲȫ·硣
ʬɳȥɹڵ֮󣬺ܿ췭Ƕʬ׷
˫ɫͻȻ߿һۣøҶӣ˫һʱһ
룬ˣ
ɺҪҵ⡣
ڵȻˣһҲܶһ־ĿɵʱͻȻȿ񱼣ֱҶܹɽʯβһ˦óҳ
ꡭҪҪ
ұ۾ò׻СүҪɸŪ̫ˡ
֮䣬۾ΪɵβͲûϣ̧ͷȥһֻë޵ĴͻȻץס˳ҵɵβ͡
ֻë޴ֵǸүһֻͬëӡ
𡭡
ǻëһֱӽɳŸ߿֮˦˳ȥ
ǰӴΣǻë˼ʮ׵ĸ߿գȻصˤ˵ϡ
ʱʬ׷ÿֻ޴Ļëӣһ¡
ǻëӿǲܲˣʬΪ⶷ʬҲһصܶˣƾҪ˽ȥʬ۾һ죬ۿȻҪ
ס֡ԼˣҼѵĴһ
ëӺǶʬͬʱͣתͷҡ
ǶʬɽǰܹԣҲоֻ֣ëҲҲòˡ
ǻë֮кͮͮһƬĸƬĽƵģұŵ˵磬ɽǰԼˣǧ
ǻëӹܹԣҵ˵ͷʾȻ
ʬҲ˵⣬һ̧ͷͻȻķȥЩ졣
תͷ˳ŶʬĿ⿴ȥʱһ
ֻëˤɺܿӵ֮󣬵ϺŵЩʬҲ׷Ư
һսǸɺʹĳˣһصܶЩͷʹ˺ܶˣϵʬǧߣΧԲһ׷Χ֮ڵʬ壬˿ȫӵ֮ƮЩʬ֮УѪƮϿٵĻ۶̶̵һЩʬѪܶ඼ɵϣա
ЩѪɣ˿ںܿϣЩ֮ǰƬµġ
ȥɺѪ֮˿ôˣ
ǴСǿ
⻹ˣֲǣЩɹѪʬ壬˿ȫӵϵ𣬱˸ָĽʬ׷׷˻𣬳˹
ɰɫһת߷һ੹Цʮ̶ִ
Ȿ¿ɱéɽ廹Ҫöˡ
ɴ߶ЩʬָĶУкëʬëʬɽʬɡסס塭
ƺƵپ߽ʬͳ˹
ʬֱӾͳǰ˹ȥӭɱЩʬֱײɣЩǱж˿飬ֻëӸݣһ˫Ѫ۾⣬۾Щʬʱ̱ᱻճһѻҽ
⵽ʲôֶΣô
һֻëô˿ֲֶΣ˭˭ѵӱĲɣ
ʬֻëһǺֱײһǰʲôȼĽʬǰûһ֮УҪôǱײ˳ȥҪôǱж˿飬һ·ֱײܿٴαɵߡ
ָĴΪܹжʬͻëӣֱǴشˡ
βͺɨëӣֱǻëӸץ˸ţºˣëֱ˫ץסɣڰ֮˦˦ȥŵϺʯͷһңϱҳ˿ӣʯͷķ飬űë˼ʮ֮ٴα׷ɶ


2710 һ
ֻëӾʲôͷҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҹүͻ۾ʦǷ˺ôŽɴǰģëֱӳסɵβͱһңȻɺ޻֮
󣬻ëӳ֮һףǼʮ׵ĸ߶ȣʱˤһҡ
ҲƤ񣬿ʮǿ֮󣬽ž
һ׼ʱĶʬֱһ˹ȥſھҧסɵĲӣëӺܿҲս֮Уסɵ˫ȱһ
ȻиָĽʬŶʬͻëȥȴβʲô̫вëһӣ첲һ裬ܽЩĽʬƳȥʮԶν
νһｵһܻëӺͶʬɵĿǣһһ𣬶Ըɣûôѡ
Ĺұ㿴ëһҧɵĶƤĶͳһЩں
ɷЪ˹ĲҺȴ޼£ǶʬҧסĲӣͷӿɵѪ
ˣѰɺѪⶼǾȻɵѪ
ڶʬ˵ɵѪ϶ܲɣϾҲ˺ܶ˵ѪѪӦѪǡ
ڶʬѪͬʱëҲûţͳɵ࣬ǶʬȸĳڵĿʳ
ȫۼ׸ǣƤ񣬾ͶƤϸǵۼһЩɵˣëҲǹݵģһֱҪ
ײУҲܿû˶Ҳ˲ñģһѪһ⣬ֺ
Щ֮ǰٿĽʬ֮󣬺ܿ조ͨͨԵ˵ϣһ߾߸ɰͰ͵ʬ塣
ǿޱȵɣڱɵˣңʮֽ
ҽĿǻëӺͶʬŲЩǵĳҸүͻ۾ʦǱ߿һۡ
˴ֽһΪ͸ңϣܹɱա
ȻˣԾ޷ɱֻǽˣյӣƺҲ̫أҪȻҲҴʱүĲɿ
һ뵽лЩ𣬿Ѿˣʩչ˳
үղŻ˵Ըܹһοү硣
үˣǸûʱһкƴɱһ
ֻϣүټһ˰֮ǸӶ˱ˣԸ
үͻ۾ʦ˽ⲻǱ˴ֽΪഫңǲĻĿܣڡѾ;ƿݣˡ
һ뵽ԺҲүҵľǱ۵ڸһ㣬۵޿ɾҩ
ѵһжôΪʲôүǲһ˵Ҹүͻ۾ʦͲ³
ЩʱͻȻӰһҿһ˹
Сš㻹ðɡ´һۣϵ˸һǻȥİչ
һáҿһ۰չеˣ
УмڣҸѦҵҩܳ죬ղС˶壬ҪˣһƣֱӽһʶɢˣҪ㣬չСûˡ̾Ϣһ
һؿ۵Ҫӻǲܶһսǹҵģôɲ֪ǻ⼸Сģķӻվ֮⣬ȫſˡ
չƱҺò˶٣ѪһϢ
Сš⼸λүǰɣͻȻʵ
ǵģүҵ
Ҿ;ǿ϶ڣéɽЩ塯ֱֵ˶ڣүôΪôֻܻЩˣҪȻҲôˣǱQ˶ˣղնƴȫСţţȰǾ׵ͷƣԵ˵
ﻹͦ˵ģһ˵ǡͷơҾ;ؿۣѾģ᲻øݴʡ
ˣţȥϻǣ缸ȫˣķҲɲʲôóֵֻܽǶһ𣬱Щһصļһ˵˵ţתҪ뿪
ȵȡ
ҺסתͷҸɶ
ȥǿӣҿǱһǷ絶նˣӦö˵ĺصġҵ
İɣһ٣ҪˣҪʬҾǷʯͷǵĵƤҲҪҵÿһˡ˵ţŲҴҵ뿪
ȻЩңǱԤϵҪһЩûȫû


2711 ǲȫ
һĹ½һϻҲ˹ϻ˵ĺأѾ˹ȥһѵģϾǧưŸˣſڵϣһۣⶼһЦ
ЦѰζĸоû뵽ǻܻš
һӦҲ˵ĺأ˵ûˡ
һϻ͹֮󣬵˺һûмٱ˹ûҵ˰ɡ
ͻȻ䣬һϤӰҿʮ죬éɽƽˣǱɳһ
ҵ֮ǸӰܿͣһéɽƽˡ
ʱҲ˺ۣмˣһֱѪ
СšǿˡһߵߣЩ۵˵
Ѿˣûзŷաҵ
ģӲȥˣû뵽ʦǶˡЩ˷ܵ˵
һ£ֵӣЪϢƬ̣ƶ˽Щһصܶȫնɱ֮ٴ뿪
˵ţתҪ뿪
ƽˡֵ
ӣ¶ôƽɻ
ҳһ£ƽˣһ飬һҪʵشҡ
˵֣أƽ˳˵
ĳ֮ǰûнյصˣéɽƽ̵ݣ϶ʶصĸ߲ɣҵ
£ƽ˵ɫͻȻͺŭƶѾ֪ͨص飬ȴ֪صΪʲôûһ˶ûУ֪ǲصʲôͻ˵Ӧûģ¶үүҲ֪ġ
ҵ˵ͷЦһ£кʲô
ƽ˲ٸҶԣ̾Ϣһ㳯ЩһصܶĹͷʹٴɱȥ
ҽĿٴҸүͰߵʱѾ˺üУԶԶģնݺݵ˵磬ٶǰֻһֻɱɱϣû뵽һٶȥˣΪȻﵽ˳뻯ĵز
үһ߻Ԩһ߳ϻһٶʱ޿̲У֪һ㻹㲻һˣ
磬ϾʮΪ̫Сˣ֪˭µף
˵ţͻȻһΣ˲оŸմ˳һʮүм䡣
ѾģһУʮնΪүǶסˣ
㣬ҵٴ
ȻЩյķϾҪҸүʱҸүͻȻųһҫ۵İɫâЩյķʱ˼ϾĪ
Ȼ⣬궨ǣ
үͻȻһּֿҲûʲô
һ꣬ҸүͻȻһЩɫĹâֱŰյЩƶȥ
մʧɫæҪЩٻڣΪʱ
ЩɫϢһյЩὫЩԭء
˵ʱʱ죬ƵģԬ¡ܿλεǧͬʱ˰յЩΧзֱŷŰյЩ֮ϴ˹ȥ
еǰյķһΣͬʱҲһʹൽĲҽ֮
ʱ򣬰յıͻȻһƣʩչ۶ֶΣɫײȥүǲŲòݱܷâ˿
ˣյЩſٵı£ڡ
ҿ̵ǸֱӾɢˣҲζŰѾǲȫˡ
ЩҲȫܵش°ǲˡ
ү֮󣬰Ų԰׵һԵʮʹ࣬ؿںŵ˵⡭ôܡЩô˵ҡ
գ㲻Ҫ̫߿ԼˣվˣֻһҲɲɣΪ˲㣿ү˵š
ʱǧ˷׷׿ٵķֿǰոٴΰΧм䡣
Ƕϣֻʮ޵УⲻܡЩˣݺݵֵ
հա֪⽫ʱǶʲôط𣿡үʵ
ġʵ
ʦĹǴ֮УʦүԤϵһר˶ԸǴ֮С


2712 㺦
ղšղһ϶Ըҵģ֮ǰĵһɨ⣬ɫʼҧгݵ˵û뵽û뵽Ǹ϶һֱƱ𡭡ȻΪͽΪڣӦýƷ֮зų϶ԶĴǷ棬ΪѾʶĻ磬ѾеϡǵҰΪʦʱ򣬻Ǹʲô֪ĺӡҶôҪ뿪ȥ磬ҪȥӴһЩʶˣͨһԼһң
϶ܷҳֻ취ԼˣҲҪһҪµ˶ңΪҵ߹ԶҵĽ£ǵ죡˭Ҳҵ˼
Խ˵ԽѪ֮ˣ֮оȻҲһˮ
ſڵϵңԶԶĿŰգζӳ¡
ʱҲ֪ԭҲԼĿԣʦүΪʦʱ򣬾һޣʮҵģȻʦү޵һľΪȴûκ֮أҲԳ̤ǸһҪȻֻ·һ
ڰ˵γһһּʦүԶǷ֮УҪȥͨ˵ҪʮҪ磬Զһͷһ𣬹ֿζΪܵУʲôأ
ԣִ治飬ʦү͵ϮˣȻ˽Գ˷ѧֶΣҵһӽʬ꣬һֻʮ
ԴéɽʦүһΪڸյʱ򣬾עյĲƽ
ʬ꣬ת޵ȫѾûʼŤ綼ǷģƾʦүڵֶΣִ˰̣һֱҪԼУʮһղ֪˶ٽѪȣΪ֮ɫ䣬աֵӰ֡
ֱʱգջûз뷨
̫ӵˣǼ˵ȴҪƿԼС
ҪֶԿգӢ۴ǰͺ̣Ѿǰյ¡
Ҫ˵ҲǸˣг˳һУʮˡ
Ȼ֮˱пɺ֮ʮѪծۣ֪жУҪѪծѪ
үǱǹѪծˡ
ɱһоͽˣָһƬ
үյЩ̾һգʦүķ֮Уʦүѯ㣬ԸǷ֮УԳʱڴӦģʦүŻΪͽҪǾܾʦүҲǿڷ֮Сʦүһֶ֮ȴʦү͵Ϯˣʦ棬治㻹˵ô
𲻹һʮĺӣﶮô飬Ǹ϶ô꣬ͺˣٴ϶ҪǿңûɱѾܲˡǿʶ
գǷ֮Ӧ֪ģǷֻ·һʦүҲΪãаʬҲͰˣʦүҲ׷㣬ΪʲôҪ̣ʮӰ֮£ǧȷѪûһͣЪ֪Լ˶𣿡үŭ
ԶǿΪ𣬷˽ϣͣȫԽڽ£ûǸ£ͲҪֱˣҪ־͸ù϶Ƿ֮н֮ãñȫǺ⣬ľǸ϶պ޺޵˵
գͷ֪ڸģǼ˽ˣܵشǲתֻˣۣ˭ǿ˭ͿߣҲ˵ھһϣǼ̤ǰɣǰһǹǽָ˰ա
֮һĨ֮ɫЦһû뵽Ǹ϶һֱƱҪղʩչǸֶΣ˵һë
һн⣬ʦүרоԸģô˵ҲéɽĴˣգұéɽŻգ㲻ҪˣҲéɽͽһ˶ϵĻᣬлɣү
ЦѪ棬Ǵ˿̺͸ңȴһ˿֮ġ
é϶Ϊʲô㡭㺦ҡʮʱ޿̶ź⣬ⶼһɵģ


2713 󻤷
һ̵İնȻǱʹġ
쳤Х˻ߣ״񲣬ͻȻһŰããĹâ֣ϸֳɫ֣ٴɢޱȿֲϢ
үǿˣ׷֪մʱҪʲô
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬰յӰȻƾʧˣٴοʱѾ˰׿ĵط
ˣպҪߡ
ƾʧбһΰˣԺҵͱȵ컹ѡ
׷һҪɱүһк˷׷׳Űܵķ׷˹ȥ
İ˵̫ˣǱʮΧֱ÷ʽˣֱʦүǣʹ˻Ҳֻӳ˰׿ľ룬·ģֻؿڵλá
үȥ׷յʱɴ˳˹
ҿһֻּһˣֱǿգȻѾ˹ȥ
ɽ˷˵ϣϢ˵ƶ̫ˣջһЩǿžЩˣҪ˴ŶתǬƣСûˡ
ϡǵãӽǵɣһתǬƣǿʵЩ㽫⶷תǬƸؼʱ̻ó
˷˵֮ұһۣȷʵͦصģӦûɶ⡣
Щܵ飬ҸæұүǱߣˡҪȥ
˵ͷ˵ֱӽҸͳŰܵķ׷ȥ
ûˣʲô飬ֵܼرչһ¶֣ϾǸķӣΪҲǲģұɣͳŰܵķȥ
ȥ׷ǵʱۿžҪ׷ǰˣͻȻ䣬үȫס˽ŲǸܵʲôĪΣһ
ǰһƬïܵӣĵļǰȥ
ʱ򣬴ͻȻ߳һˣӰ֮л˳
үǶͣ㲻ٿǰүǻʮ׵ĵطҲͣ
һܶϵһҲûˣԸܲǰΪΡ
ҿүһٴеģҲ֪߳˿϶öԸ
еľѾһصܶЩ˱ɽĳ˿г𱨳ԹԹ˹ͷʹ
һЩɵĸֻ⼸ܶĵɱ
ҪӣɵһָֺͼɱҲ׷
˶һ⣬ǾǾԲðˣһϢ֮֮֡
󻤷á뿪ˡץס˾ݣһץסǸ󻤷ĸ첲
ܶҪţЩκβġ󻤷İյļ΢Ц˵
ҵɴ۾󻤷һ۵ߣӶھ޴ĺ֮У棬Ǵ˵Ŀ֮Уܹһˡ
үƬ̣̽ʵ
ң磬Ҳһٶûˣû뵽ɣˡ󻤷ੵĹЦɭɭ˵
һٶǰéɽʱ㱻ʦΪ÷ݷѣһû뵽㾹Ȼֻص˰̣ΪŰĲ˵
Щ£ͻȻð󻤷Ǻδڣһֱϴţ˿̵һصһѾնɱϡǵ˵󻤷ջƣǲ֪ʲôͷ֪ΪΣ֮쳣ء
պһͳˣ󻤷ٳûг棬ӱȰնǼˡ
һֱûиףΪʲô󻤷һֱڽ¶棬һǵȵտ챻ʱųҪʲô
Ȼǻһٶǰǰ̵Ĵ֮ףѪկկһٶǰʦֶ֮󣬽÷ݷѣӴҪѶȴһص󻤷ϼһĻǹġ
һéɽ塱ֱĵ޵˵
塱ֱֵүʦһģЩ϶˽⡣
ƶҲû뵽ΪѾأһһٶ˰ɡһ塱ֱֵ


2714 
ǰ˾ǰһصĴϡϣȻšٶ˰ɡôġ
ߵļλéɽ塱ֱֵСţһľ֮ɫǰεҲǼɵ֡
󻤷ǰεϣֽлһٶǰɱéɽүϵΪ÷ݷѣһصܶ󻤷
ͨ˵֮ҵóһ۳
ǻһЦһֻ˵İգ˵ǰһţһٶǰéɽһս˺ϴ辭˸ɣ÷ݷѣһնһۣʱʼҾͰģһҪ𣬽ЩԳɵαȫɱ⣬ܶյɢĻռģӵж¯֮԰ܶʬӤҲҵģõ˰ԭȵֻһصҲġ
һٶҿľӪһص£Щдİ̸ֶ䷢չ׳󣬲˽һصܶ棬еһУеŬΪ˵ȴ죬ȫɱ⣬Ѫ𣡡
󻤷ѹŷŭһ˵ô࣬Ӷ΢΢
ں֮е϶ʮ
ҾЩˣֻһصܶһ󻤷ѣѵǿĹղɣ
ǵʵУ󻤷Ʊ࣬ôҲܳԽա
һ󻤷үһ˾ܹ׾ٵĸˣ޷Ҳģš
ʱͻȻоҵɸһĶʵʲôղŰڵʱҲûųӣ
ͷһۣһͷ亹ҡҲ֪ҶʲôҸоվǰֲܿ࣬ŴֲӦĳа
а
ҿ˻ʱ̫أʲôоˣͨ˶磬ڻʵҲ׼ˡ
ҳܵ˿ȥһأЩΪǳһЩģҲһ㣬ϳ˿־壬еĻ΢΢
ƻ˵ļǣܹ֮ٴνʬ꣬ΪˣǻƻĹͣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣ㲻ǵĶ֣ٴ֣ɽҲ١տʼҵĿǻƻһ㡣
û뵽߸ϵİգȻҲ˵ʱ
ܶżߣа취Щȫɱһ˶޷뿪ǻʮ˵
һ£ЩɻĿ˻ȻҲ֪«ﵽʲôҩ
ƾҲܿڳҪɱˣһصܶѾǸˣܶɱ߰˰ˣҲֻʣСƾһ֮ɣ˭éɽĵȵ
ԭˣһٶ겻Ѿ˵ɣһһᰡǻɿ˰գһ˵
ͻȻ䣬ַһ⣬˵éɽʱүնһֱôôڿȥֱ۶أ
Ȼ֣תһ룬־òôˣΪ֪һֶܹ˶֫Ƥ棬ΪȥһƤ棬˹կƤ˹ѦСκˣΪһصܶ󻤷ҪһֻƤӦòѵ顣
һһٶǰƤӦñڵܶࡣ
ȴһߣŵϡոԹܷƶȡԸƶéɽһбǡ
϶㵱ɵӲɣ£һӾͲ̤éɽ벽éɽпܱǽ͢߹ѺĴ֮УܾĥЩԳɵļһһȫαӣôܻǵĹЦ
Ǿ˵ҪඣһصѾִԲĻҲֻ·һҪϸˡٴξ
ʱ޿̲Žȫɱ⣬ҪͶǸǲܵģھҪǿҵĵܲܽɱ⡣
˵ţͻȻ˼°ƣ֮ͻȻӰأ죬Ĺ򣬱ʬ֮лܵ
Щʬ֮ǰǹѺ򽩿֮еģ򽩿ߺɶȫҸүǸˣЩʬγģ
⡭ôܡ򽩿߲ѾǺôΪŵ˵


2715 
Ϊ˵ĻǻͻȻЦ˵޴ֱ޴֮򽩿ߺɶֲֹһڣǺ򽩿ߺɶڣѵûĳڽЩʬųˣЩϷ˺ܶ꣬Ϊ׼ó
򽩿Ľʬ˭Ҳ֪ж٣ƬһƬƬӶˣ޾
лкܶߴӰǱҧĳ˻Ľʬ
򽩿ߵʱ򣬼ʶЩʬĿֲָ֮ߵĽʬУëϼ׽ʬִڲټиߵȼĽʬҲδ֪
ǧߵߵĽʬһͬ˹һƽ١
ЩϴĽʬҵһεĳ˹ȵףЩʬ޷ЩȫĽ϶Ҳʧء
˶Ľʬ߻ۣүҲǱɫ
ķҪŪһƵľһֿɾû˻ͷ·ƶ֤ĺܲң
һٶǰϷéɽʱѾˣһֺη˵ţͻȻ˹ɷЩʬȫǷһѹѹһƬӿ˹
龰ʱһдǸУǵøϽҪȻһˣ
˵ţ㱳תȥ
ôԶȵ˵үһа취ġҵ
ҿʰЩʬӣѵɣһ˵һӡ
ң¶ģٵȵȡҲЩˡ
Σֻͣ˽Ųתͷٴγųпȥ
Ĺ򣬴Ѿ˳ϰپ߸ָĽʬëĸǰЩɸǺĽʬɲϵĳӿ
󻤷ҸϽ뿪Ѿ𣬱ҪҸطչһʱпָܻץŻĸ첲ڰһ㡣
ڶʢʱڣ˸յ˼˭ӣ̼ҷ𣬵ǰԾͬգش᧿Σ˻Σ޶ԡ
ʱĻߣиָĽʬһζץס˰յĸ첲ٺЦܶ벻뱨𣬽Щȫɱˣ
󻤷Щʬɱǵģǳ߰ɣȱˣҲ٣ǶӲġռ
ܶ벻뽫ȫɱˣɲ˵
룬ǲΪѵҪ汾˼ôͻȻͺЩвζ
ţٺһЦ˵ܶ²ܶ˼ֻЩ첻ɱѽͷ֮ޣһӣܹܿʬΣֻҪܶæ֪ϲأ
˵յ֮в˾֣ޱߵķŭһĸôô
ˣܶҲΪ˸ǱѩޣȲѶΪ֮ǻ˵ţͻȻǣɷһ۶ʱķ飬ϳһӲ̣鲼ȫȥԴѾȫû˵ģԴϣ֮⣬ֻֻͮͮС۾â磬ֲĪ
ѱ˴Ļصһƣǻʱܶһ£ֱץסҲѲá
ιĹűȻ˱⣬𲻻Źģŭ
Цֲܶңʵ½ŪǱģһٶǰ¾ͽԼ˽ʬÿҲҪһȺܶѪǵ˺²ŷ֣ѪѾ޷澫ĵУҪɴʬϵʬΪߵȼĽʬϾҪΪʬˣֻҪˣʮΪҾͿԳΪʬʣʱɱ˭ɱ˭Ҳܶˣ
⹷ūصľȻôԭʬħȼϵĽʬȴǲǾ͵ǽˣóû̵վҵţŭ쳣
֪̫ܶˣҾǵһ죬㱻Ǹ֮²л㣬ãԺлҰ취Ը㣬βھͳȫҡ˵ţﲻճĹӣȫ˰յϡ


2716 Ϊ˼
ڻնԻʱ֮󣬻޾ĽʬѾĳ˹վڲԶҺжֵĲУҪˣЩʬһڵҺܹʰ˵ġ
վڶߵˣûнһصܶЩȫ𣬽žӭһ󲨵ߵĽʬʱ˵ľٴε䵽˹ȵףЩãȻ޴롣
Ϊ˰պЩͷʹе鶼ӭжˣ˭ҲûԤϵ滹иΣڵȴǡ
иӾŵǣ󻤷ʱ״̬ģѾɻҪ׺ˣĻ֮ȫ˵һֱų˵ǰԭǵȴưա
ˣǽˣһֱһǣΪʮһﻹܹ˴ʱ󻤷
һһҾԼѾˡ
ڣǰЩ÷Ӧĺܿ죬׷׽˳ԸЩϳĽʬ
ү˻ı仯ʱкֹҪ˰գ
үһкǣԼǧʱһϣҪմӻнȳ
ǻ˫Ѫ۾ү߿һۣ޾Ľʬ֮жʱӿһƬסǵȥ·
ͬʱǻŰ󲻶ȥ
֮Ļξ޴һֻ־ܽո֮УջȴҲѲġ
˭Ҳû뵽ݺʮİգ޵еĴڣνȷѪļһȻᱻһ¸ˡ
֮ǰ˻Ҫһ𽫰ոնɱȴֲòӻнȳ
̶̵һ򣬱㷢˷츲صı仯
ūš˵Ϊʲôһֱ򽩿߲ԭÿ춼Ҫ򽩿֮нʬɢʬΪ֮ŪĽʬȴ˼¡ڱһҲҧˣڷſ𣬱㲻һɽ𣡡˵
ܶΪôΪʲôΪһʵֻеһӰˣܹˣܹ㽫ҵһ˳ģǶѾȫˣ̸ζɽ͹ԹԵ߰ɣģ»Ϊ㱨ģʮΪ֮һԴһصɽ𡭡
ĴЦţſѪ죬ܼɭݺύֻԶԶĿűз
ʱİҲû֮ǰĴݵڳ˫˰ɫŻϴȥǰյ̫ˣʹȫѱ֮Ļ˺Ҳ΢΢
ԶԶģҿյѾ˻ѿѪ֮С
үǼƴȫƬƬǵĽʬϤ£ķѣǴӻӿĽʬ޾Ҳɱꡣ
ңЩʬ֮леߵʬϼ׽ʬëײ֮
үôߵΪԸֵȼĽʬҲһ֮ھͽǷŷڵء
ΪֹҲûи򽩿Ľʬж١
ɵʳÿ춼Ҫʮ˵ѪһǼǧߣɱĳѾöͷˣ򽩿֮еĽʬп֮ࡣ
ֻ˸е
ҵɿЩʬɱЩѾʮֽӽߣҲ޷ˣ߰ɣٲǾӲˣ
ɷ˵ұ㳯Ⱥܼĵطȥ
ת뿪ʱһͷŻķһۣѱ֮ĻѾշŽѪ֮УѪĿʳ
һ޵ۣһĴڣȻˣҸоЩ̫ʵء
ôǿ󣬼ǱүǸ˳Ҳձѵɵıˣ
ҸоԼЩܲʵǰһǲƭҵġ
ܹɱ˰գ˵ĵѾˣҸղſѱ֮󣬱ɽʬĻȴûпʲôȼĽʬ
ܿ죬㽫ոˣӻıǿ֮˼ȥ
ǻੵĹЦһܶлǻҪߣѵתһβɣֻǿ꣬ѱʬʣܸ㱨𡭡ֻίˡ
˵ţһ֣һɷȥŰŻȥ


2717 ʬ
ԼУƺ˰ǼдŲʺ;ĲҺ֮Ȼ㱻ɢɷЮԼ֮С
ƬƬĽʬ£үǲϵĳŻ
Ѿˣ⽫ոˣһɡ
ȥǻʱ򣬾Ȼٴηѱ䣬ӵһֳһԴμǣҴϸȻ˼ʮֳǴ֮ȫǵ̣Ҳܲһĵ̡
ǺεȿֲһȻĽոɵˣʮΪ
ӣжʱһһĸо
Ҳ̫һЩѵûһ͵ʱ䣬Ϊôͱ뵽֮У
ڿѱ֮үҲܵ˴ɢĿֲӶ
ˣ˳ȥѾʬʣкˣȥҲڲȥ
ѱ֮ĻǼʮֲĴ֣ʼܿٵչȥ
Щ˵ˣ̾ͱǿֲĴϯסϵѪҺ˲һ㣬һˣӲͳ˸ɣѪҺȫ̵Ĵָˡ
ЩϯסˣвٶΪ֮éɽֱֵϵһضûУɥڴˡ
ֲǣЩ˸ɵˣֻܿɽʬԾ𣬳߼
ѾŻˣԶҾܹобʬʵĻϴ
ոϵ˿ڣʱˣϵѪҺ˿ڴɳʬǱ߻۶ȥ
ҵӲſĺ棬оϵѪܱʱҪһ㡣
ǸʬʸôԶľ룬ܹܵӰ죬͸˵ˡ
Щɼĸ֣ҲסϵѪ֮׷߿ٱ
һ·񱼣˺ôӳʬǿֲѪַ֮Χ̱˵ϣڵĴϢ
ղΧڻߵˣһ˶˸ɣ˽ʬ
ʱҵ룬ʬʵһִڡ
Ժܿ측ֳǱϴ֮жʬʵļء
ѪдĽʬ֮Ϊʬʬ֮ϻʬԣȡ֮ڰ֮⣬ʬ֮滹һȼĽʬʬħνƼɷ𣬶񼫳ħʬħѾʮֲֿĴˣǴʱĻѾȫѱʬʡ
νħһʣɫ䡣
ʬǳκһֽʬĴڣڱȺɻҪֲ
˵һǧ
ʬһǧ֮أݲѪĿԶʤκνʬ֮ڽ˻߶ϵѪҺȫɣ뵽Լ֮УȵѪԽ࣬ҲԽߣЩֲĴ֣һϯסǵ̾ͻȫ֮УٵեϵѪҺӵʱ䣬ϾûһѪˡ
֮⣬ʬʺѪͬʱὫʬע֮УӶٿء
ʬֶǧ궼ûгˣû뵽Ȼ޿ƥеа
ٶǰǰϣү֮ûڽ֮У֮һٶûڽ֮¶һ棬Ȼȴǵһзס
£˵̵Ϊһص֮У͵͵Ľһصչ׳Ҳռ˰յĻǣҵʺϽʬǸ¯Ӥҵɣڲƭ˵ʬΪΪһصЧ
ȻһжǻԼԼıһٶǰѾԼ˽ʬȻƵЩʬɽʬϵʬһ·ʬʬħֽɰյķͻһʬʡ
£Ĵڣ϶һСɫڰյκ˶ΪĶ֡
ߣŰսʬ꣬ҽһصɫտ϶ʮֿػģľ͸ӷࡣ
˿һʮյĴڣһٶ꣬ǲһľ֡
ǽУնûзŹ
֪վԸգӮˣԹԵ󻤷ǰһˣͻлɳˣɰյʮΪΪ޿ƥеʬʡ
һжļƻ֮У˶ˡ
ˣʬʣ˲սʤĴڡ
а֪үܹܲԸˣܣڳ˾Ҫڽˡ


2718 ǧ뷢
һֱսȦ֮⣬Żһξ룬ԵͻȻתֱµʱ򣬴ӵҲ죬ʱŻٽʮףҺҪʬʸ˸ɣ˱Ľʬ
Ĳ˵ֶλǺһ׵ġ
Һһ£ʬʱ߶ƵĽʬɱ
ôĽʬ˵ǽɺʹĳˣһصЩͷʹҲﻹܹ˵ƴ׷תȥˡ
ϢƬ̣һѱ˵УǻӣѾȫ޷ˣʬһκ˶ܻ֮ʣǻӳĳ˵ɡ
ϻһô죿ſϣ
˹æɡʵڲӳȥһһҲ˲ôˣܲȫ
Ҳ֪ѾּܹƵ˵ˣο֮أһˣܽҸɱˣĻȥԸʬֲֿĴڡ
Ҫ˵ϻһǣҺҲǲܵ顣
ңܿ쵽һǱߣֵܼһ֮⣬ȫ˵ϡ
һкܶཀྵʬӿ˹ѾŴӵվŽϻͰչ𣬿ҲҪߡ
ֻһҲ˵ĺأϲǡ
һҺһæʵǰ浽׷ʲôôôཀྵʬ
򽩿ߵĽʬȫ˳һصܶ󻤷ɵĺ£󻤷˰յķΪѱʬʣѾƲסˣǸϽȥɡһ˵
˵ţͻȻһ˳˹Ͻɣ򽩿ߵĽʬȫ˳ǱѾ˱ϵܺͻ۾ʦˡҲж
˵ţæԸ˼˹ŵĻкͰչԼǿȫҪҴҵ뿪
Ǳ߶һʯͷǵȫҳһš
ҸүҲõϣչҲܸһжʱο˲١
ֻǸոռүǣûҪߵ˼Ҿǿ϶ԸʬʵģڽΣ˭ҲԤϡ
˴Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻֳ˱ʡ
֮ϷɳʯһСʯͷķ˶վȣҵŴ˼վȽŸ
ʲôôͻȻôķ磿ŵ
ǿϣүӾ
˫ıסĲӣֹͻȻĴ紵ߣ̧ͷϿȥʱ򣬶ʱĿࡣ
ͬһ˷ٵĻ۶һ㡣
ƺ£һ֮ߣͬʱ𣬺죬ưʣ粻һһͬʱٵݺύ๴һ֮һƬͨε˸۾
ôˣѵҪĩô
ⳡ棬оޱȣҪӳʯͷǵˣǱɿ紵ҡһΣٲά衣
Щ˵ڵϵʬ嶼ķ
оֲ̫ˣҪſڵϣ˫Դһ뷨
ͷ֮гǧ߽ʬɱ˺Ѫʬʳףбֲô
ʦϣףԽ֮ǧ뷢׸ݣħ̫Ͼ
һԶźĵ˷𣬲ۻ룬ڶ߻첻
Ƭպתһ޴ɡ
Ǿ޴֮Уʼ缸ʮʮ
ķ򽩿ߵЩʬӿķ
ЩһǷƺСһЩ
ûٸŲһСһЩ˵ϣȥͷЩ硣
Ҳľ㶵վԭأ֪׷ʲô顣
һǼʮЩǰĽʬըķѣ
ƺ֮£֮ǶԸЩʬΪǿֶΡ
Ŀ֮Ǳ߲нʬӣڼ̵ʱ֮ڣϰٵףȼܵĴ𣬻Ƽž죬ԶԶľܿЩʬȼɲϴﱼȴֱͬʱը֧顣
ֲ̫ˣ⻹֮ô
վڸߴȼһһıڣ϶ЩʲôĽ֪
ԽתԽ죬ҲԽԽܼ𺳣Ҳ֪ôˡ


2719 ٴγ
Щ򽩿ߵĽʬ֮⣬ոѱʬʵ󻤷ҲҪɱĿꡣ
ʬִڣа֮аүܽܵĻʬʿ϶ǲڵġ
û˽ףаһҲܹ׸
زݣһȻһƽ٣Ǵ⡣
׳ʬʺȥʬʱ׺ĲҺ벻ǣʬͻȻһ˴ľٶʮͬʱ趯ײϺͬʱʼڵ˴ӣܿڳһСɽѣζӴΣʼŵصȥ
ˣ׻ǽϵĳʬʺȥ
֮ʬʺȫ˵£׻ǼϺ䡣
ܹ̣ڳ˾ֻһܹ׵棬һү֮ǰԸЩ֮صħͰյʱ˼õֶ̫θýʲôأ
״
Щ̫ȷУһ֮׶ֹһٵ
ǧ״ӦøһЩ
ʱ򣬽ףʮ֮ƽϢͷϵɢȥһЩϸС绹Ʋ֮вųâ֮յĺ
ԴǸһصܶս۴֮Ҳ֪徭˶೤ʱ䡣
пһһҹҲпҹɱĻ찵أ޹⣬ʯͷ֮еѪζֶһɹɽʬ⿾ζ
£ؼһƬҵƬʬȼŻĽʬѾ֮ǰǰˣƬҲѾȫȼˣܣ
ԭЩʬŵĲֻӴܵˣȫͣЪ֮Ҳ޷ƽԼ顣
ղһĻ׷ʲô
׽Ϻ龰ڳĵɣ֮Ҳǵһο
򽩿Щʬǰһ׺ɱܹûģʣµҲֻһǧߣЩǱĶϸ첲ȵ֣ʮҡ
ûôǶཀྵʬɱǻʲôܵġ
֮ǰһصܶЩʹƴɱˣЩ֪󻤷ʬʵ飬͸ûбҪˡ
ΪһжѾˡ
Ҹղȴķʬʵ󻤷ûб׸ɱ˵ص£϶Ҫġ
ʦ֡үæ˳Ǹȥ
ڲԶһ߸ڣ滹һٽĶеǹǽ֮ϻǲ˸
үһΣƮȻϣ׵סˡ
Сʦܡģһͣס˵ţүٴƮȻ¡
ͻȻЩ׼Ҫʯͷǵ˷׷۷˻ҲˣҪ˵
һļСߣٹȥơ
㲻Ҫˣղʬ굽˵£ûб׺һȥһʬô죿
ΪվͰȫ˵ʬʾǽŵءҵ
⻰һ˵ڣŵһ
˵ţѾһֹȥʼЩûб׺ɱĽʬˡ
үǼѾߵ˸ղʬȥǸطΧǸطСʲô
ҲǺĲУ֪ʬʵױûУߴϽҹȥơ
˵˺һǿͬҹȥһơ
֪үǣ׿ĵطȺΪܼڣͻȻһ죬ŵһ£æͷȥ
ǲ֮ǰصµʬʾȻٴ˳һ֣ŴһץסһˣʱҽЩ˺ܿ챻˸ɣ˵ϣȻ˽ʬɢȥ
һ˱ɵмߵĽʬֻҪӵʱ䣬Կƿֲˡ
ʬһܼȺ֮УʱһɧǷ׷ײҽɢӣһʱ뵽ҸүͰչǣǻ᲻Ҳʬʸ˸ɡ
ȻҲֻܸżʲô
ҳʬʿȥʱ򣬷ʬڸղһ׺ʱҲܵһ̶ȵشкüֱըˣЩطźɫ֭ҺеĵطðŨ̡
һ˼˵Ѫ֮˿кüˡ
ȻԻָô죬ɱһЩˣǺֿܿԻָˣ
ʱүǼٴηʬʶȥ


2720 ׵ػ
ʬʱźټʮ£ϽһƬǿֲĴҲ׺˺ü貹ʵѪҺԴ˻ָƣ¿ʬֻҪܹѪܹܿĻָƣһǴСǿˡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬻Ǹʬʾɱ˺üˣֵĵطȺΪܼڣܶ˸ûзӦͱЩܼĴֲסڰ׿ˣΪһЩҲѡ
ΪʬʿԸѪղֲֿĸоѾᡣ
ʬʳףүǲҵ飬ȫʬʵķ˹ȥʬʻкԶľ룬үһл㾦ʬϺȥ
үʩչ콣ֶҪǿһɫͬôĹһ¾ʬʵϣֱʬʵһðŨ̡
ʬʷһʹĲһ£˿ںܿٴ䶯ֲĻָҲ̾Ϊֹ
ֲ˵Ǿħһʣɫ䣬ǿֲǿܹӵʱɱüˣȥоиɻҶʬʿһʵǴҲʲô
ү棬Լλ̣ܿ㿿ǾʬʣֶΣͣĳʬкȥ
Ϊ϶ܹסʬϵѪ֮ģЩɼµˣʬʱЩΪˡ
˿ʬʣǲκء
ʬʻǼʮĴ֣λƴɱ
ܿ죬ֻëӺͶʬҲС
ëӵĸͷܴ󣬿ޱȣҲôηʬʵĴ֣ȥץסһֱ֣ſҧ£ʬٴλĴ֣ŻëϲƣʱǶʬ֪ð˳ҲǰȥŻëӵס˼֡
ʬҲǵȼܸߵĽʬô˵Ҳ˼аҲǼӲޱȣʬʣһʱҲƲʬ壬⶷ʬҲûѪʬɡ
֮⣬ֻǧҲ˰֮УĴЩѪȫټ˹ǵһ㣬Ǿʬ˹ȥ
ˣҲܽгɹͷӣǧЩѪʮӴмֻ֮࣬Ҹͷܴ
ֻʬʱϾ֮ûôöԸЩѪʱʬٴμʮ趯ը죬ЩΧ£ɢɣѪģĹ򣬵ϱ˺һʬ壬ȻЩѪҲһãʬϳܶƤһ޸쳣ǿۿѪһƬ˿ڴ䶯˼£ָܻܿ
ǧԼô࣬Щۣܿ㷢˼֨֨ĴУЩѪ𡰺䡱һٴγ𣬷ɵеʱ򣬻кܶѪʬʵѪ֮ѪҺһƬ
ƶʰа
ЩѪո뿪Ϊ˿첽ǰһеĳŽɫķеǰѷ֮ϣкȵϵ飬̫侰⴫棬ڱ˧ȷն׵ػ𣬾ħΣ뷣
ϣΪеĳʱâʢڣʬʾֱ˹ȥ
һΪ˶ֶΣæɢ
ǰѳЯޱȵĻ⣬һ±ʬʵϣʱ䣬ǰѷΪģܣһʬʵȫʬȼˡ
ʬʷʹİ֮޴ζڻζԶұоǻȵ˿ۡ
ʬϵĻһֹĺɫɫķ߶׵ػ֮ΪɫһƬҰף󲡳һ㡣
ȻΪǽѹ׵ֶζʩչ˳ô˵ΪԴһɽڣǺмˢӵģ϶ҲͨĻרſаġ
ǻһܲʬʵϣ֮ͻȻ˼ݺһĹâʬʸԭأƽ˼ըףʬܲʬʹ಻ѣҺ
ʱһӰǰһֻüģȡξѪ뵽˷֮С
ٵָеķܿ챻ʬʵķ߽ٶֺֿݣÿһȥܻٵâֱʬʵҪնȥ
߽ǧâն˹ȥǻðʬն˿ڣмֱն


2721 ѪΪ
Ϊ˺ͬʱʩչ˼ΪһУʬϺȥʬʱǧٿףҲ̶á
ˣʬһ㣬趯ű渲ǵļʮǣʩչǿѪ֮ܶ඼ûüԶˣʱʬʳѪҺ˼ΪĽʬ˾ˣ쳣ҡ
ոƽûõȺʱֻҳһţɢӣʬʳף˴ٴα˼
תۼĹʬˣ˽ʬܵȺ׷ϡ
ԶԶģҿүкһˣҸүͰչǣ߷ɱһܣүһߴغܣʬԶһЩ
ʬһ˵ѪԵʣȼյЩɫͻȻϨЩնϵĴҲ˼
һϻðŹỤֱ̃߿ٵƶ
ʬƶĵطϵЩʬ嶼ûзŹ׷ױѪҺ˽ʬ˻ż߹˹
Ϊ˺Ϊ˶ԸʬʣѾեΪɫһƬҰףŶξѪԪһΣֱԵ˵ϡ
˶Ѿ߾ȫʬʺû̫ܵˡ
ʬγǵķҵɶʱһ£ãܡ
˵ţҾҪ뿪
үӵ˱ЩҲڿٵĳ߽ӽΪһѽԵڵϵ˸ĵҲ׼뿪
ʬ֮ԶȰջҪֲ֡
վǸˣʬʱȶħҪ£ܵ˶˺ֻҪܹѪͻܿĻָ治֪ˡ
ҳʱ򣬵Сʦܣʱˣɡ
ʦ֣ķҪôôүЩɵ˵
СʦܣЩߣһ·ϱŲжΣΪжߣξжʦôǵģҪǵʱˣΪ²Ҳòô治ݷ˵ٴνеǹǽ
ղ˼ʩչ̫󣬽ǧ״ľ޴ɫȻǲ԰ֽβ֪ҪʩչʲôֲɱС
潫ǹǽʱүæ˼
硭Ԭµͺһʱ
ܿȴһץסԬµĸ첲֡
һĻиоرأо֮Ҫһ㡣
Ȼ䣬ҷһ˼飬֮ǰȥҲʮģͷɫǼȫڣֻмư׷Уϸȥʱ򣬷ͷȻȫˣȴ֪ô¶
ڣķľˮ׷磬꣬ףѪΪɱħ
Ǳߴ˻ֺ֮ÿһֶӴ񣬾þûص֮䣬еʧˣʬʵŭ֮Ҳû
ҵ֮󣬻һҲæס˽Ų
ţһĻҵıӷᣬ᲻ľ
ѪܱѿѪֱеǰǹǽǹǽʱʢֱ
ͷ֮ϣӵʱͳһɫУ֮зһ춯صضžҵĻζһ¡
һ׳磬ֱ
ʬѾ˲׵ľ롣
¡¡һ죬һε޷ֱӵİ׹ͺ
ֻһףֻһȴ޷ݵ֮ҸоǰһɽҲҪˡ
ǵޱȾ޴⣬þʬʵϡ
Բʮ֮ڶһƬ޴Ļ⣬ֳ֮ӳ׳ĵʯըѣʮľȻأð̣Ȼ˷ɻҡ
˱⵽ŵķ׷׺ˣǼλҲ
ǸޱΰߴӰһٽĶϵ·ãȫѪȾˡ
硭
һʹޱȵȻҿһײײٻӰ汼˹ȥ
ˣһٽĶֱֱĵȥ
Ԭ֣סǸӰȻ
Ҵ㶵ĿǰһĻ𺳲ѣѪΪѪ䣬ŽǿһףԿɽʯأΪ²Ըһ


2722 Ϊ
Ϊһصа̣Ѿ̫Ϊ˶ǵҿѪ߶ǿһ׵ʱ𺳺;֮黹޷̣ȫ
һӢ۵ˣΪ׳˱ֻǲøΪ
ҵĿٴοʬʵʱұ𾪵ǣʬʾȻûбǵޱǿ׸˵ϣ΢΢һĴֶĴɢ䣬ҲǽһƬðŹỤ̃кɫŨѪҺ
Ȼ䣬ʬһƺ𣬻ζž޴˹
ԼУܹоʬʵѪ֮ҲӶ
˵̫ˣȻûбǵ׸սҲɥʧһ룬һҵѪԴƱָֻȷһǿĴڡ
ԣŻеĴ߶Ѫ֮ҪҵµѪԵ
ڳˣʬʾȻûбһŵɫɷף׷׾ֲĺ
ʬȻǸһֲǿ󵽲սʤĵزڻûаѲ
ʬȻ˰յʮΪʮΪûȫ֮л⿪ûȫãﲻĴڡ
ۿʬԽԽү̾Ϣһʾ˿ٺˣͬʱתͷߵֵ̣ܿˣⱲܹذ֮ãѾ֪ˣллôҵߣΪãԸܹء
ľͷ磬벻ܿߣұߣȪ·Īͷеǧ꣬ܿҪǰԵ
Ŀһү˫ץסүı۰һЦ顣
ˣٴһֲԤС
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôЩʲô÷ĳ綼Ҫ
ſٺ˼ʮ֮үŲͻȻһ٣еԨٴξա
޼ΪΪ죡
һ쳹ʣԨâתһɫԾȻȻұ㿴ү֮ϣŷɳ׹⣬ɫĳϡ
ԭǷӡҵĽ֮У֮ǰҸƴһʩչ˷ֶΣ֮걻شȻ޹⣬Ҳˡ
һ㣬үȻ֪ģʱжʱһ
ܿ˹үҪʲôˡ
겻ȣүǽԼ壬ϲһ˽һ߾磬ҲǷռأͬʱҲһֶһִݲУûʲôޣԷͬھĴ㣬˭ҲὫԼϲһ֮Ϯһ𣬶ᱩжǻûҲܵش
үȻ뵽һУҲǲˡ
ɫںϲүĻ֮ζʱޱʵֵɫâҲ
ȫ뽣Ů˼ᶨͬʱ
޼ΪΪ죡
Ů˸˷ͬʱ߶ܿԬ档
Ů˵֮ͬʱɳ׹⣬֮Ϸ˹ȥ
ӵаΪĵ޵ӳ֣֮ޱǿɢâӵǿʢ
ֱ֮񷣬ԽԽۺ붼ɼ
֮ϵĺƲδɢȥŵ磬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ծգ룬ʬϾҪ嵽Ǽλߵʱ֮ͻȻ£ҳһֱԼʮ׵Ĵӣ޴ʬʾٴֱȥ
飬Ҿ治֪ʲôˣȻʩչ콣еķ죬ÿ֮꽫־ס֮֮󣬱㲻֪巢ʲôҲ֪֮θԷģ֮꽫ֶʱ򣬲Ҳˡ
һз̫ˣ⧲̧ͷʱֻ֮ܿƲ֮ش֣Ѿǿ籩꣬ͷʱıŭ֮
Ҳ֪˶ãϵȫŲӳͷϿȥ
ͻȻ䣬ЪֹһδȻһɫĹâֱүеԨȥ
ղλ潫Լӳ֮ʱӶһ֮عԨ֮󣬱ɫϢֱٴλص֮С
һΣ׷׵˵ϡ


2723 ձ
Ѫ߶һ׺£ʬʵϣűүλԼĻǸܵشϻֵ꣬߳һֶʢ״̬ʩչ˷ʽ˵ʬΪһ
λ꣬Դ콣ûиоôǿ
Ʋ֮и󻤷ʬɱҲͼӵĹ⾰·ɻүԨ֮С
λҲ»ع˱塣
ˣλܿ˵ϣ˷Դȹꡣ
ֹһĹ˵Ŀ䵽֮ǰʬʵϡ
ܵشʬ֮󣬽ٴҳһӣ֮леð˳
簲Ŀ£˭Ҳ֪ʬʵûбɱ
־潩˴Լһңҿɽɵıˣһѱʬķ򻺲ȥéɽǸҲУһͬСĳʬʵķ򿿽
ʬ⻹ȫҾ޼ƿʩˣȫˡ
ۿű˺ʬĵطʮ׵ľ룬ʬҳĿӶ֮дһͳɳƵƺ
˺֮ͬŵķ׷׺
ʱǿӶ֮лһ䶯
һʬʾȻţвһ
꣬׸ܽʬʸ
ʬΧܵ˷׷׷˾֮æȫʬٴչֲĴ֮ɽ˸ɡ
Ȼϸȥʬʵʱ򣬷Ѿڵȫˣʮ־ͻʣܶģľնϣҲ֪ʲôطϽһƬһֻ۾ϹˣźɫŧѪҲ˴룬β룬Ϳ֮ǰ׺ݵģ
վҲ֧ţӻ΢΢ķ
˾ޱȵĿע֮£ʬͻȻһһСˣȻٴλָ֮ǰΣ󻤷ԭģ
ǺǡϷӢһһٶꡭ˶Уյʮ궼ˣȻûнȫɱɡ
˵ţϴӿʳɫѪҶʱ򣬷ҲѪ߰ߣһֻ۾Ϲˣ򶼹棬ֱ۲ˣһҲһأЩĿġ
һ֮󣬻ѵ˵Ϸ򼴱ˣҲһٶѪ硭ǶҪϷᡭһ»Ȫɡ
ţҸҵ˵㽫ʦַųѾģҸоջƵĿŲסˡ
ҵķԸ֮æǬ˱ңʦָ˳ʦһأһΣʱڣֱŻķͳ˹ȥ
ֻǲȶʦֱǻߣбһӰ˶ʦֵǰ棬үֻ۰ͳ˹ȥһ¾ײ˻ϣײɳȥʮԶʦֿ첽ֱȥǻһԪ֮
ĻһҺڵϷ۰ִһһʯǻ˹ȥ
ֻëӼͨԣ֪ԼΪ˲ܵشﻹܷŹ
һʯŰ˼ʯǸȥ
ʯײһһأһ֮󣬻ϵĻϨʯͷð˵̣ǻëӲűһүķ˹ȥ
ʦΧǶʯת˺üȦǷʲôöһ㣬ԴЩʯ鶥һԣǱһںɢźĶǻʬʦſڱθһڣ֪ǻʬʲôóԵġ
˵Ǻĸʬһ̯ںĶʦ֮󣬵б˵ʬҲ֮ͬ
Ǿʬʣڱˡ
ʬʦָһɸɾ
ʱЩһصܶ˲ŷӦ˹֪ȥʯͷ󻤷һȫˣҲױɵЩһصĹͷʹͷĲӬ֪üΪ˭ƴҲֻиɢȥˡ
ߣͽɵʣ²٣ЩͷʹҪߣǻᣬһк㳯ЩʣĹͷʹ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ҳүǱһۣλȫ˵ϣѪ׵Ҳ


2724 ޽
ѶȫˣҲⳡս֮ж˱
ʯͷ𣬵ǲԫϱڣ֮ϻźܶʬ塣
ʣЩһصܶʹѾǺܶ࣬Щ˺͸ɵĸʰо֣Ƿйĵŭ
ˣһڽˣ˶ˣ޴ͳƣս˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳ㲻һţеĽһֱţҷһ̣߻ƺźɱͲҺ֮
ߵǼֵܣȫܵشԼҲֻʣС
ֻΪһ˵̰Ҫô޹֮ˣʮֻҲڸһˡ
ȻҵȴǾţҲŲⳡսûнһ̫˰ɡ
Ҹ֪һұǼλߣҷǵĶ档
ٴοǵʱ򣬵Ǵһ
֮ǰǸոճֵʱÿ˿Ҳʮģλ̣Ÿ᲻ûһ˿ƣ˵ʮ궼š
ǾȻѸٵĲȥүԭǰ׷ԲԣҲûƣѾܲһӲʮ꣬ȥһˡ
λ̵һͷ˿Ҳͷ׷ҲֳƳ
Ǳģĵɻ𾪣ô̵ʱڣôһϵô졣
ʱүкһȺ˳˹лߴţ졭
һͷʱүӱҸүЩ˱Ż۾ʦһǣٵĳ˹
ϵ˵첻ˡҪǼһ桭ү˵ţ㽫Ҹү
ʱҸүɫһƬҰףǻϻѪ
彫˼ҷڵϵʱӶѾЩֱˡ
үþҵһ࣬һģһɳźһү
үڵƬ̣۾ҿһۣ֮еľâѾɢƾֱұ֪
һ뵽ЩҵҲƲסˣ
ӡˣϲ֮飬ү޽Ժ·㲻һˣҵʱѾˣЩҪ簢ֽүʮ˵
ҸүڶүҲ۾ҿĹȥֲ࣬ʱǻһ˿Ц⡣
ҶүͻȻһʮֲ϶İ
һ䡰ҶһĴȰ飬дΪ
簢֡үүʱĻŹ˵ϣԱҪүֻҡҡͷ˱ȥ
ӡЩҲǿˣһٶǰΪ˶Ընʱ¶֪˹֮һжˡٶ֮ٴνֻأһ˰յУֶԲ㣬ζ޷ȵүǻں޵˵ţۿˡ
簢֡ͷˡүݺᣬŸүͷ૵簢֣ġҪִ⽫̥ˣкٶΪ˵ԵϥΪӣңԸţܹ֮֮ǰټһ棬Ըˣ޺
үƵϻй̵ᣬΡΡ֣ĸһͷ׷ĸүҡҡͷö˵һ仰ĩֻһ̾Ϣ˰ˡɡ
ʱүɫһƬҰףڵϵӲͣүˣޱȣ絶һ㣬ɳƵĺһүҪֹȥһûУֻǼѵֹȥץסҸүǿݵֱۡ
үһ˵ϣ³һѪĭӣתͷңʱͻȻֳһ˿ο֮ɫү˵簢֡Һˣ˼û֮ǰһ֮ʩչ˷ʽشҵѪжûҶСšүٶǰ꣬˰̵Ӣүͷ
ʱѾȻûһ˿ȫ˿ڶڴʹһǼѵĹ˵ϣһͷԵȻҧһү˼ҿͷٶȺÿһͷͺҪĹеһ㡭


2725 
ҧүſͷүǰһĿңϴһ˹еĴȰ֮ɫҿͷ֮үŵ˵úӡǵһμ棬ҲһΣԺҵϣȫˣү˼ѵﲻ޷֮䣬㻹·˰ɡЩ꣬үҲһֱ㣬ֻɫüϹ̣㲻ֹһμ˰ɡô꣬үһֱ˼ע٣չȫүҲЩԣܳүʮο˼ˣճ׻ҷȥԺܹ;ɣͨ˵ȻƽȴҲȣÿĵƽƽС
ү˵вŻȻ˵ôÿεΣ֮䣬ǵʱֻɫüҵߣҽȳԭүһֱڰбҡ
ӡգһ뽭ƺү˵ЩҲΪãıǡʱܿڵ
ҵ˵ͷ˵̻ڡ
簢֣ʮǰǱ㳹ʧˣҹΣûһôЩ꣬ǾȥɻѾںкЩˡүʵ
ҵȱһ߸ϣս𣬺ܶӿӵĵطǿЩȣ㽫Щ֪ЩԽԽ࣬ľͳһӣڵĸ߸ڴ塣Ǽ徻ˣͻȻôˣЩ̫ϰߣһ£ֱأһéɽʦүé̲õĳһУֻҪղ㲻ٳǷʮһֱţɳһ˷󣬱һһҹ֮ڿٵ˥϶ΪٴתΪǴǷģǲи˶ľǵɡү˵
ӷ𡭡νҲ˭λĻ²ն飬ա
һֱһĻ۾ʦͻȻ۾˫ֺʮޱȹ˵
ʦּˣϲԲֵǴ֮λһٶǰǱǹʽ˷ǣȴҪһ·㽻飬䲻ͬͬͬȴͬͬͬҲһ¡ү˻۾ʦ
࣬࣬һľһһֻذˣʩܹ͸ʵ˵õ֮Ҳ۾ʦ˵
ʱлЩɻ̲סүǳ󲻵óΪϹֻ̺ëܹأ
ֻˣǣǳ֮еĞųǺϣùúСڣǲȫ࣬ǳ޷γɽɶ̸ҽ͵
һȻ򣬵˵ͷʾ֪
ͻȻ䣬һĸүŻһѪһᣬͳߵ
æȥֻҲûжүһͬԵڵء
ǧưˣƻָԿһЩæסңŲڸүһ¡
³һѪүӷһѾЩˣʱҵү취ȾȸүŲסˡ
үæһץס˸үĸ첲ɫһҡҡͷ˵û˺ӣ֮ǰˣֽһΪ͸㣬ܹͦڣȫƾһţѾ죬ûʲôҪ㽻ıá
Ÿүļ򣬸үӷս־ص˾ҪҶȥһֱ䵱ҵ֮ˣү㣬ҵԺ֮ͻȻ֮ǰַɣڤ֮أһ꽣ƮȻǵɫӰվ꽣֮ϣһڹһз죬ǹܴڵأεȵӢۺɽϣǿүһˣ֮ڱûκλ֮ʬ˻ԷȴƨҷţԹԵ˫ַϡ
һӢ۵ĸүҪȥеʹȴҲûһ
ү˵ҵĶѪᣬҲ˼֮ǰҵᡣ
ǿűʹҲүһ·ߺãʲôҪģһ
ү۾ɵĺԲץסҵĸ첲ó˺ܴ


2726 
ǻعⷵһģүϵĺܴץҵĸ첲ۡ
ӡ֮һҪǵýҡ̵ߡҪᣬôꡭô꣬ڿԸһˣٻˡ
һᵽṆ̀үͻȻֳһ˿ҸЦ⣬Цݽסˣ֮жһ档
ү˻ߵĴһʱҲֹסˣ
һ̣ʹҺ쳣أҾ䣬ûʲô֮˵ԼΪʹˣһ統һ龰һ̾ҵʱʹ
ôǽиڳ˵ȴǳеŰٱʹ
Ҫͨĸӳء
ұŸүıʬ壬ʹԸӣ޷ܣӢһӵĸүҶȥ
ҵһֱǰǿսʤĴڣȴѲ˵ֻء
Ϲһ·ߺã֪ʲôʱΪ˺ߵߣۿͨ죬Ŀŵһĸүݱʹʧȥ˸үͬҲʧȥ֮еһѣֵܡ
ϹӢһӣʮǰµһȴĺⱲҲֵˡ˴óһƺ«Ǿƺ«ľҸүһЩֵϹǸٺһⱲӹ㶷ˣһֱ㣬ʵһֱ㣬ǵ֮µһ
˵ţ˽ƺ«ʣµľһȸɣĨһֱתȥ
Ȼҿȴܹļͷһֱʶ
硭һٴԬ汯ʹ
ҳǱ߿ȥ΢΢һΣֱӵԬ̵Ļ
ղүѪһԵޱȵʬˣ˵͸ˣ˼ǼֵڣȴҲ֪ΪΡ
һͷӿڻ̫ȷǰ˵ʲôݣΪʲôԼǹǽҲý׵Ĵ
Ͼ֮ǰûм棬мźüˣȻǰ˾Լүȴ֪οڡ
һʲôϽү˵仰ѵ
һͷһۣЩãȻһʹô˵ѪԼ˼ȥܹǲܵİɡ
һǰŲ˼ǰһү̿ͷˡ
˵ţһǶſͷ
˾ѪֻʣһƤͷٴ۾
ʱ򣬴һͻȻֻë꣬˲㻯ΣǸղŸһһƴܵ˴ˣʱЩΡ
Ҫһûˣû뵽ٴμ棬Ȼĳ档һֻ׺Щ˵˵
Ͷݣǽܹ֮ΣҲǵȫӦ˵ߣҲչܼҼˣĵȥɣǽŵԣӦܼҵˡһλ׺Ҳ˵
λϹ̡£ֻٱˣлô꣬ӦܼҺˡ˿˵
үλǰȻ
ӡҪˣүһ͡һʮˣѾ򹻱û뵽֮ǰܼܼҵĶɣҲ޺ܼҵΣĺʼô
үܼڱټһݲҵ۾ᱦһҲ˶ү̫
úúáܼҶнزϷȪ֮ҲĿˡֻǱ³ǧԶҪҶҪܻͻɡǵĸԽ˵Խ΢
үģλȥ֮󣬱ټǨ³أҶ
áү֮󣬼ǵýڸ߸ڴ塭ҲּҡҪʦߡ˼һӶûΪʦֵ˲ˡ֮ϣҲ̷˼ҡ
ʦ֡ҷģʦֵһȻҲҪͬѨ㰲ĵȥɣڻȪ·ԵƬ̣Ǻܿȥ㡭ү˵
滹Ҫ˵ʲôȴû˵һ֣۾ֱֱĿ۾뿪硣
үһٴʹ


2727 
Ҫһص׸𣬾ҪѪĴۺԤϵ˿ʼȴûвµ֣뵽ȥȴû뵽лôҵ֮ˡ
ү˵˰ɣʼ޷˿⣬ľֻн˵İţ޷
·һֻأһٶǰûɵ񣬻Ҫսᡣ
쿴̫̫ᣬѾûжʳˡ
һʬͷʹ޵ʱͻȻһҵĽŲתͷȥʱ򣬷־ȻһɽװˣƺƵһƬиַӿ˹
лЩгȽĻЩһڳУӵա㲻ڶ˴кʲôǧɽװЩһصܶɱȥ
صˣĵʱ粻ƫƫҪȵպλ֮ǲų֣װʲôģΪһ
ǰЩصû뵽ȻһףЩϲⰡҲЩ޺޵˵
ĳ֮ǰ֪ͨصˣȻϵĸɵĸ֣صǱҲӦ˵ǻɳһֹӦǣû뵽ǾȻéɽƽһΣһصˣǵӱб
Ľүӷ˵ϣתͷЩص˿ȥ
ЩصˣŸ֮ǰЩصЩ̫һһ˵ôʮ˴ŵǰɫɽװÿ˵ﶼŷǿ첽
ԽԽһϤӰһǴڵһ磬һϾֵĴձ壬ձվʮŰɫɽװһ࣬ͷӣѾһӵӡ
һЩ˵ϸһ£ҪѰүүӰǺʧûп˼ҳ
˵̣һλҸүԳ棬үүҲҪǣǣûй
ŻԶүӵɫЩִ٣ɫЩ죬Щҳ߿
Ǽλ֮⣬˶ЩŭתǣﶼЩصˣһֱڹߵΣֱ󻤷ʬʱ֮ǲųβɨսҪȻǲʱǡô
ǸɵӣҲ֪ʲôЩ˱ص˸ˣˡ
Щص˸һߵ˵ߣձһ֣Ƥλöڰǲ˼صҲõéɽֻ֪ͨһ··;ңԶЩ̫Ϥ·лҪԽܶն֮Щˣ¡Բס˸λ
Ŀʱ򰡣粻һж㶨ˣǲų֣ǹʲôģǲǵŸʬģһ
λô˵أղѾǽ͹ˣǵȷ·죬ʱ䶼·ϸˣǱͻ֮ر㵢˺ü죬ôˣЩط϶޷ȫЩ·ˣصҲ˺ܴġ
ձɺƤ˵ͻȻһת˽ܵȻλֶڣǱֳ͸ǽܽǰ⼸λصֵܾĴڸ֡
˵ţձһλŴͷͷ׷ɫɽװǰ¡صĸǽܵλܾרŴĳүӣʮ꣬һܹѣڻصܾһһĸ֣λҲܿΪ˸һصܶ棬Ҳ쳣ӣҪȻҲɳصĸֳ棬ֻϧûǰգҪȻүӳ֣ʮ֮ڣܽǰոĺ޻֮
λ֣ȥڰϣеģ۾͸ž⣬ֻһɨȥұ֪λһһλ֣ΪΪ֮¡
һֱҾүӦǴڵһ֣ǺҲŷ֣үӵΪڣ֮п϶иΪĸִڣǰͷӦþˡ
첻ɫĴΧվŵһȦˣܿҲܹЩ˶Ƿ֮ʮֿĹ˵죬λˡ
Թʮ㣬ȻλĸֱֵʮֹҲûҪ˼Щ˲м֮˵Ѿʲô
ɫЩڣڨڨջ֣ʱձֿʼæŽļλɫɽװ


2728 ĸ
Ҳ֪ձ޿֣Ƥ̫ڼǸɵҲܹЩûһ˴Щصˣû֪ʲôǽ޴·ҲûһëǮĹϵҪǵʱһòϣòǵʱһȫˡ
صһЩ֣ǾͲôˣҲҸүүˣȴҪȵһ̲ų֣ҲǼλƢãڻܶµĻȥǼˡ
˳ձ˽ܵҸλٽһ£ү֮⣬ļλ͵ĳ֣λţ⼸λֽǰġ֮⣬صܾҲ˼λ
ձ壬ôط֮ǰ˵һδһΣǲǸˣ
ڰ಻ס˵
ҵ֮ձɫʱһڣȵҲȻֹͻȻݺݵĳ߿˹
ĸǰ㻹ô񣬹Ȼص鹫ְԱ֪ʲôôЦһȻʲôҲ֪Сүֻ㣬㻹ǰʧĻХ³˵ԡ
еХ֣ҵձ潫ХͷģձȻϾֵĴУХȷһص³ֶҪɱҲôš
ҵô˵棬һձɫ׾ͺŭ˵ģˣҸˣᣬλ˰ɣвң˵ҪҸɱˣȻˣͱձ巭ˣ
˵ţձ峯һ֣ʱһȺŻɫɽװ˳߱˹
ХǼɫɽװҲǴ
ձɫǺ죬Ȼŭ˼㣬ôǰһӶûи¡
ʱͻȻһ׹һǼɫɽװķ˹ȥȥǵ׹ⲻǱģǱһϵǧƣЩɫɽװܿӦǧϵĿֲ׷ŵɫ䣬ȥ
ǧƹĿ겢Щɫɽװձ塣
Сģ
ձһɫɽװæѣձܿҲӦ˹ŵƺһɥ֮һ㳯һȥ
ǧƳ棬дձֽɫסձһתʱǧһ¾ʹձĺ˽ȥ
ձ巢һҺߣһԵڵأȻ㷢һɱĺУ۵شʹ
ǧƸձ˹̴֮ϵɢĹƶ֮Ʈɢû˸ҿ֣Щԭ˹ĻɫɽװһձĲ״ﻹǰ׷״ڵһҲҶ
վһʼһδĿǧƷɻصһߣơ
ձ壬ľ⹷һĶСŸͷұƣҪȻ͵ɣһҲǻ˵
һɫɽװæյձǰͷһۣܿüͷĹձȫƤѾֳϺɫϺɫƤ棬кܶϸСĹƳζɼ
үӡҽⲻˣһִûмŶơǰɫɽװС˵
Сӣ˴ˣϷһӣվֳĹƶˣ뿪͵¶ûз㿴
ˡˡ˵ʱձѾ۵Ŀʼ˫ץԼƤһץ֮£Ƥ⳶һ飬ʱйƳ˿ڴ˳Ŀġ
˵ˣСŸͷҾ͸ƣĸУƾʲôӣҸôһһۣ˵
ɫʱٴܵγˮ֮һĨɱѹŭ˵СӣϷ켣ʱүүûЩˣƢֱݲɳӣϷҲ⣬ǲô˵վֳҲصϾֵľֳӸλҪ潫ˣܹϷѾܿˣҪҷ𡣡
ǺǡҹʲôˣСүǿ˳ۣɱңҪôձ϶ûе·ѡǿŰɡһ˵⻰ʱƤû̧һ¡


2729 ˣ
һ飬ֱǾˣǼλɼĸһʮֽص鲻ʣܹǲ壬˵ʵձǸصһɫ֪ѾˣڳλҲǺǵġ
žžĴص׿ǵ׸ʲôٶ
Ǿ˺⼸λɼĸڴˣصҲõ
ԣһųƳձʱǼλɼĴ÷׷۹۱Ǳǹģ͵ûпȴȫվһңһԷҪ֣Ǽλɿ϶Ҳԥĳ֡
£Ѿˣľ
ǵļ΢΢鶯СӣҪƲԳԷƣɱصˣ֪ģϷٸһλᡣ
ʲôСү㲻ɣһһЦ
ãǾȥصȲɡ
˵ţʮλɫɽװͬʱ֣һɱ
ǽ˺ܿǰһ˦֣һƬӰЩɫɽװֶȥ
ٵӰЩ˵ǰҲǺñ£ӱһͬʱЩӰԼٶЩӰʱһΣʧ֮УΪеĳһʱһâţҲȻȥ첻ܣеĳâȻӲĽסǵâԼܿΪ˺ˣһ
Ȼ֮Ϊĸ֣Ͽ϶мˢӵģΪȻӺΪ֮ϣҴʱǶλƴղŶԸʬʵʱҲǽ߾ȫ˻˾Ѫ֮˵ǿݽ߰ɣҲķѵĲˣĶ֡
׺вЩǣλɼﶼԸһҪԿǿͷǱصȥȲ裬һǱزٵġ
ۿҪһߣǧͻȻ趯һ£ͷųһŨĶֶȥĽŲɲͣϾǣһ㵭Ĺâסȫ־ͳһؿץȥ
ҵ죬ϼһﾹȻǧͷųľ綾£Ϊǿʲôز
ۿ־Ҫץһϵʱ򣬶ͻȻˡᡱһ֮һѽͻȻշɳһͷ֮ϣֱؿڴȥ
ʱٴһ㣬쳣֣һŲæȥ˳ʮ֮ǰѳֱһ˹ȥϸһϸСĿӣʱһǳǳѪѪ
һ֮ǰѳʱֿٵ۷˻ȥ顱һ˵ϣͲүǰ죬âʢ
ǰѽүԨֻһĸ졣
ЩصѾǼϵɴһţéɽƽҲ಻סУЩɫɽװصƴɱ
ԿЩɫɽװļһһҲǺݽɫϲ˵һ־ɱУкéɽƽּĸֶЩ׽⣬ά֡
صصĺĸֶǳ棬ȴЩ˹Ǵɽۻ
ٿһү˵죬һû˵ɣ۾ֱĳү߿
үʼնû˵һ仰һеʱ۾û
үղҪ춯ɱĻԨһѪǰˣҪȡԴҲ̽ȡһ㡣
ˣ֪Ⱥ֮лǲĽɫ
֪үǸղŸʬ쳣ƴɱҲǼľһݿ£ʱҪӣȴҲܹǿ
п϶Ǿޱȣһ֮æһ֣˵ס֣
Щɫɽװæȫ˳һĿ졣
˷ֱү˹һأޱȹ˵лǰɱ֮
үû۾ɳƶϵ˵Ϸ򲻹ʲôˣֻҪ۸ҺܼҵĶɣĲ㣬ڲɱ㣬ֻǾڻˣɡ
лǰ顭һ壬ٴγүķһϹæЩɫɽװ˳ȥ
ձȴ۵ڵϿ޵ﻹиղŰŵģߵǻмɫɽװû뿪лүӣһĳģ


2730 ̧
һ뿪ûãү˼ԵøӲˣܿæүĺ󱳣΢һЩղүһɱˣһȺصĳȫɫɷףȻǺķ˲
һйүˣ˼֣۾һ
һǧƣתͷүղ֮ôĻ϶ǻûдȻȥıʹ֮лع˶Էϡ
лүүͷ
ү۾΢΢һЦ˵úӡղĺá
˵⻰үٴα۾
ЩɫɽװȻηЩɼĸ֣ǶүΪʮּɵǲڵүҪɱǣҲʲô̫ѵ顣
ߣЩȻǽʿɣҺһϸ˵Ҳéɽŵӣصͨ죬Ҳô
ȻϾֵձ˹ƶ֮ûҪץҲûɣû˿ʤ㣬ֻܻ뿪
ԶձĲҽ֮ɽϵĴϵץӣÿץ֮£Ƥ⳶һ飬˿ڴһЩϸСĹƳȥȶֲֿ
˽Բ˭ղţԵͷ
һµĹƣȻзִģֻʹѵȴ䶪
ȻһǱˣصҲ̫֣¶Ҳðƽ
ΧձߵǼӦϾֵģɨһۣûձСףʧûУСӹǱҸˣÿμҪһ١
Ǵĵ־ٴμҡ
үүλү飬վֳ⿪ϵĹƶɣҪȻǻȥҲýֵ°¶ˣҲ治ףǰµķݶϣһɡһϾֵ꺺ӿ
ƨҿǱ˭ףղŶԸյʱһôͷڹ֪꣬Ǹ깲ôģʲô鶼ˣص鵹ǳˣ磬ǣǰװȣ֪һϤ
תͷһϻ֪ʲôʱ˹ǸϾֵļһ˵
һϻ˹Ըаο˵С˵Ļ̫ء
ϾֵɽװҲҲǣӣҶЩܡ
֣Ǹ֤һ飬Ǿصˣһֱھ䣬ɽۻĬı֣˵ѾĬˡ
ղСү˵ˣձСŸͷҾͰƣҪȻɣµĹƣ֮⣬ܽ⣬֮ձȫŧƳɸɾѪ⣬Żܾĥһ˵
⡭ⲻ̫ðɡվֳô˵ҲϾֵľֳϾֵǱ߳һˣЩΪѵ˵
ϻٶ˵һ䣬ձͷҲơһˡ
£Ͼֵ˱㲻ٶԣߵشձߣСĸ˵Щʲô
ձ庿еԽԽң濹סˣһ߶ҵǰһѱһѣŵүղձ̧֣һذɡұ֤ԺҲǰ֣̫ˡȫ񵶸һ㡭ҪȻ͸ʹġһɱҰɡء
˵˵ţձ徹Ȼʹﻹصеİ緶
һŬ̧֣ձƣƲձ壬ڴص
˵ĺأѾûʲôȴҲձĵ˵ϡ
ձܿٴδӵҵǰ棬үҪǲĻͶ£ҰѹƸ˰ɡ
ձ壬Сүһξ㣬ǶҵģԺֻҪٸҸˣʲôУұ֤ҪһٱҼǺˡŭ
ǡԺҲˡձ
תͷһһ˵ͷǧƸ˳ձ֮С
ǧٴձ֮ձһٴشȥԶſڵϴŻ³ĶȳޱȣкܶϸСĳӣ˺ܾã󽫵֭³գһԴ˵ϣڵĴ
Ǽص˼ձ˹ƣŽ


2731 Ϊ
һĥձҲ˲ٿͷ˼Ÿ̧˳ȥ
ߵʱǼϾֵ˻ͷлĿ첽뿪˴˴
ʲôԶз߷ߵһ䡣
Щص˶ˣȴһ˻վǱ֮ΪڵһֵүӣԴ֮һ仰Ҳû˵ϵɫʮ־ȣһֹģľ㶵վһ
үӡʲôҪ˵ôҿлҪ˵ʵ
үӻߵҵǰЩȻ˵ӡǶԲסˣϷҲû뵽Ūӡ
˵ľЩЩԹ˵
ӣ֪лϷصѾݶ߲꣬ӦҲ֪ܶʱ˵Ѿˣ滹Ҳֻǳ䵱һʵĽɫ飬ϷҲΪү˵Щңʮھεģ
ĴҶҲᣬ³үӣмҪ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫƭҡ
үӵ˵ͷ˵ʰɡ
صǲѾˡһֱڿߵĶ򡣡
ү̾ϢһĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ڳλү˱̬׷׷˲м֮
һصƴЩصԹۣĿôˣҲܿȥ
ȥүģ
лܴһҪĳ嶯֪ϣȷʵԼĿԡ
صΪʲôҪôƶ֪ͨصʱ˵ģԭȷ㵱һױһףƶǿǣԺصéɽ޹ϸʲô飬éɽԲһˣéɽƽ˺޺޵˵
ɽҲ̬ԺصҲƲϵὫκһ͵ص鵱ĶǹٷУͲЩ˵˿Ҳǵƨɣɽɵı˵
ǼλɼĸҲͣԺ󲻻ٸصʲôǣ
ʱֳʲôƺʬ飬ʡɶ֧ԮɽҲ˹ȥ֧Ԯû˵֣ԱصҲûʲôԹԡ
Ϊɵ˶֪һ飬ΪЩͳߣħǷ֮£ҲĹء
صȴؽϵĹأԼһۡ
õǵʱһж˵òǵʱ򣬾ǵǹʹû
ѵΪЩǺ۸Ĳɣ
үӵͷĬĬЩ˵䣬ֻһԲ
òײŰҽʵүӣүүôûй
ү̧ͷһۣҪģҵĹϵЩӣ浣СһʱסʲôΥɵ潫ʱ˱𴦣ȥԸһصķֶȥˡ
һԭˣүүˣԲῴҸүүպʬƴ״ҲҪŻֵ˸һصƴ
һص˱ȻʧأǵֵǮǽ˵ȴݽ档
ĵҲȫȻ£үү֧ˡ
˼ô˼
ںˣүүүһ涼ûмҲүˡ
˼֪ߵ֮󣬱Ȼں֡
ص˻ҽصְֹܾһЦڡ
˶ˣʵ
صطľӢȫˣصֺܾ־ʮղҲˣһǧˣ䱸ԽĳǳûںˮԨүӵ
˵ʵٷ˰¶һ׼
·ˡ
õ״̬Ǹһصܶƴƣһǧ˰˰٣ߵˣصЩӢͻṥ
صҲ㲻ǴЩͻó¹ʲôպͺգֱӽĳǺëûУֱӽ֮ǡ
ֲִ޷صΪŪգʲô鶼ĳ
һү˵ĸ֣Χȫɫﶼ浽ֲʰľ棬Щ˱ҪһصܶЩһᣬǶͦҪȻ޷
û뵽ص顣


2732 ؼ
ҡͷ̾Ϣһкʹصһ˿øҲȻ޴档
ϣصǱվһְһѣȴڱͱӣүүɣڵұ֮͸һΡ
Ƭ̣ҿүӣЩȻ˵ˣҶ֪ˣүԱ㣬صĹҪ
ӡ¶үӿһۣƺ˵ʲôѾ۾˵
ү̾ϢһǸ˵ӣҪҰæĵط뾡ܿڣҸղŸǵ飬صֵܾĻ֮£ͲҪø֪ˡ
˵գүҡҡͷֱȺص˶ȥ
̧ͷһۣһ仰Ҳû˵֮ԺҲʲôϸ˰ɡ
Ȼ¶ֲүӣе϶ȥˡ
ʣµ飬㲻ýɵ˽ˣЩһصܶĹͷʹʣµҲǺܶ࣬ص䱸ͻȻڶˣЩͷʹһը쳣ңԳƵһɱ
صһͽȫסˣЩһصĹͷʹγǿѹƣ޻֮
ִĽǰҶУǹŴĳ͢Ҳûִģɱ˲η峯͢͢Ҳô潭Ƿǣ˭˭
ȴһˣ¹Ϊжߣǹһóһӵȥ϶ҲڵϣЩܹסӵܹסףͲô
ȻܣʱǼǳ˿Ҳҧʡ
ЩʱǿޱȵʵѹǰǿĴڣһҲû˿ء
ͱһΣĽǸɵĸֺȫˣصֿƲס棬ĳǽữһƬڣǰٴνʬ꣬ҪȻ϶ġ
ү뿪λɼĸֽסһ
˭飬϶Ҳ̹
ߵ飬ص˽ڿԵԴϢ
һθһصܶĴսҷ˲أɵĸʧ֮ĵɼĸҲ˺üĳһҲֻʣһС룬˲ҵɱ֮£һصܶЩҲûбȫֱص˹ЩͷʹӦûǧˡ
ЩѾȫҪˣҲȥ֡
ڵϣҾصΪʲô
ܿо˴𰸡
һǵúüǰѩֵʱһȥɽѩص֪飬ȴֻά򣬲ôӸطӵ߶ͨ˺ڸ·ѩ˶ˣص˱ûٸԤ
ԣЩߣصһֱһЩȶأһվ飬ܸͨɼԣص˺޲Щϵȫ˲źãҲ÷ֳǸ顣
ЩʿһԼĹأûʲô̫ҵìܣҲͨΪѡ
ֻЩڸȺУжд̣ƽʱʱ޿κΣ˵ûźţһʲô˵飬ҪЩʿ
һβһˣͷǵĸ󻼣Ҳǵĸ󻼣ܹǽ˰պһصܶ棬ͬʱ˽ߵ
õôĻЩˣѴ֮
˵ֱһǾǱŵǹʹˡ
յЩʿ֣϶ص
ڲȫһϵѾΪʱˡ
ǹ֮ڶЩһصĹͷʹڲҺ֮дƬƬĵ£ʯͷǶص˸ΧˣЩͷʹҪӳȥһѡ
ʱ峤Ͱͻё峤׷״յǰ
峯һأνһصܶ棬ɱ˰գܹǴĳؼˣҪλȣ˾Ҫɱ˸⣬Ϸˣǵлˡ
ллˣÿǰ˶кܶ˱Щһص˴ߣƤôʱҲǸŭԣҪǵĵǻ֪Ҫܶ೤ʱ裬£Ϊǰһݣ
ǰ峤һȺ߰Ĺ˳Щ˿ͷֹ


2733 ǻؼҰ
ţёҲ׷׹ǻё峤Ĵ£ϥأ߿ͷ
󣬻Ϊ˺˳棬ĳ峤ȫ
ܹסôʱ䣬Ÿɵĸֹ֧ԮöЩˣҪȻ˵ûȰճѾʧˡ
ԽԽЩصԶûЩĳʵڣɱʱǳ׷ǰ棬˺ܶˣҲһǰͺ̡
ĳЩˣ֪ںͷڹꡣ
ӺΪ˺òײŽȰߣ鳤Գ˱
˳Ͽҵ˵ϸ磬ĳǴô꣬͸ѽˣҪȻ˾͸һȥɣĳǻӣΧǺˮԨŶĵıǺˮԨˣܲ㣬羰޺ãαشܿأ
үҡҡͷ˵˵ʵһصܶ̾ĳǵʱϷǨƳȥΪʱ˱ѹȣһصܶѾˣǱû˺֮ǣĳҲ˺üˣϰҪ˵ǨƳȥЩá
һ£үתͷЩصˣɫֳ˲֮ɫʵЩͳһװǵ͢˰ɣ
ɫһ䣬˵ͷ˵ǡ
үӽһߣŵ˶ܳ͢׷ɱŶ㵽طʱĳ͢Űѿأһױһףһʼ֧ŵģϷĸֻרɱˣǳ͢Ӵ֮ȴҧһڣҪŵ˶ɱ⡣ĳ͢ҲôЩˣҪȻҲһֱ͵͵棬ĿǸһصܶ˻ɱ֮˿ǼǳȥˣһЩ͢ĹӴƫһ磬ԼҲңڡ
үҲܹͨ͸ò˵ǹɱġ
ȻүӲ뿪Ҳǿ
򵥵ĺһ֮үӱ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰҽסԳ˵һ飬һصܶĵ֮УЩûоȳǴǹĳ׳ڻδһˣǵ֮е˽ȳ˳ǻؼҡ
ԳȻڴӦ˵һհ죬˵Ժˣʱӭǵĳ棬Щ˶Ĺͣ϶ܵ
ҶԳʾл⣬һȺҲ뿪˴˴
˼Ȼ˽ᣬ۵»һЩҪҪתͷһڶλ棬ٴαĳ
֮ǰλ涼ǴéɽʦүǸ֮гġ
Ƿ֮пԳһǷ󣬱һһҹ֮ڣѸٵĲ϶
˿̣λ濴Ѿʮֲˣԭò绨·̣ʱҲѾͷ׷ԴͿүļϣƵϵһ˿ҸЦ⡣
ĳүģʲô飬ֻҪһϾܵҸЦݡ
Ҳ֪Ǽλ·ϵ˶೤ʱ䣬˴ȴѾˡ
һ뵽ǺܿҪ뿪ңǵһμ棬Ѫ飬޷ԳֵıˣղѾ˸үҪ⼸λ棬ô꣬Ҵûǽյ˱˺
ĿһҼѵŲӣүܽСʵүǻؼҰɣ
ҵ̫СһүûлӦַŴٴһүǻûκλӦ
ʱһֺܲԤУһ£ү
ӷ𡭡úˣǼλոȥ۾ʦͻȻ۾ҵ
ȻԤϵǴӻ۾ʦ˵һ㣬һ죬ʱ֪Լںδ᲻ٴʳ
ô졭ôôˣ
ղүչһĺм֮ת۵Ĺ˾Ѿˡ
ҾЩܲˣүҪߣҲø˵һǣǾϢ뿪硣
Ȼ䣬Щʵ֣үһ£үѰлҪ˵ءôء


2734 
ʼղү̾ˣ˺ü£үﶼһ̵ϻһ˿ҸЦݡ
ԬҲ汧˻۾ҲϢ뿪ˡ
۾ʦһĵȻڻ۾ʦ˵ѾȫϾԼѾֻ
֨֨
ֻëӲ֪ʲôʱѾСΣһֱߣүߣһֻͨԵĺӣߵĺҵߣ˺צҷүϵÿӾſүĻ˫ֹסүĲӣҷǻëӵ۾Ϣ
ԴүĻССڲͣʶ
Ȼˣ޵ʮѹ֡
Ҳֻ֪ëӴʲôʱүߵģǴ˿̣ܴëӵľٶпȻүĸǼģëӾһһıסүĲӣһ̣үֻԼ
Ӧ֪үҪ뿪һûЪ˹ķûʹ޳ֻڳƺѹ֮ĬĬᡣ
˾ڳλҲȻ¡
ֻûεǧҲվһ಻ͣĨᡣ
⺢ǿųɳģʦүɽﴫ⺢Ϊʱ򣬻죬ĿһٶȥˣǸ緢꣬Ҳһټʮˣ⺢Ӿ͸ǵĺһһټʮ㱶û뵽ӽȴҪ⺢뿪Ĩһᣬסݺᡣ
ͷӣ˵ˣ뿪ʱѹ˺һӣ⺢뿪ﰡһܡŮҲһᣬ˵
ǽںڷˣǽɱˣǵԹԹһٶ죬꣬ҲϳģڻҪ뿪̻Щ᲻ðһ
˵˽㡭Сӻ֣ʲôװ׺ͳһǸͲ֡һֻҲ˵˵⻰ʱҲ
ӷ𡭡ϲԹޣ󲻵ã޳𣬲ִű֣ǰֻأ˭أĺľֻ֮һߣԸܹȻ⼸λתֻذɡްӷ𡭡
۾ʦͻȻѵĴӵվǲϲү˹
п۾ʦˣæҲ˹Ҫס۾ʦǻ۾ʦȴ΢΢֣ʾҪ
۾ʦߵүߣֱ㳯үǵķȥ۾ʦոȥֻëͻȻŻ۾ʦġ֨֨
ϵô۾ʦͻȻ
ǻëӶŻ۾ʦһЩɻ󲻽⣬ܿתͷȥסүĲӡ
۾ʦŽַү֮ϣ۾֮еĽâš
ǳϵǣƬ̣۾ʦͻȻ۾ɫ粻Ƿʲô˼һ㡣
۾ʦôˣȲʵ
֡ĻǲûɢȥǱӡ֮У޷ֻأҲ޷תͶ̥ˣΪʲôҪôأ۾ʦЩ˵
ţ۾ʦַֽ֮ܿϣĴ΢Ľâ۾ʦһæɿֳ֣Ԭº֮Ϸȥ
һȦ֮󣬻۾ʦջֵ֡ˣΪȫҪǽڣ뿪أ
ǽ֮УֻءǷѾûˣѾϳģѵܣéɽĵɻ
˶˵˴˿ţһģ
ͻȻ䣬ͷ֮һϮֻɫüͻȻ˹үͷ֮ϣ£»һֻһϵë֮ͻȻ˵ĳ֮ǰֻҪǳ󣬳һ죬ǾͱɣһһҹѾȥˣҲȷʵˣǻһְ취ܹ
Ϲ̵ĻٴξȵŴͣ׷׿
۾ʦҲһ⣬æʵǺ⣿
еİضǳ֮Уǿéķ󣬾ޱȡ


2735 նϵ鳤
Ϲ˵ĻһͷˮЩ£ֹȥ̽һүıϢһһ˵ϢûУ嶼ѾʼˣϹȴ˵ǿôأ
棬һѪ߶Ϊ˽һǿޱȵף嶼ˣ
ֻɫü̾Ϣһ˵֮ǰһڳ֮ǰΪ¾ݵ飬ɣҲȷܲնɱ˰գܹɱ˰գô̵ʱڣҲ޷۷صĳ֮С
֮󣬰ǵǰ·ߣһ½ֻأתͶ̥Ϊˣ⻹һѵİ취ǽǵʬ·Žǳ֮УͨǷӡ֮еĻǼ̰֮û˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱˣҲпԶѲ
ǳ֮ԣά˳ͨ˵лģڻпܷϻͯǴڳ֮ôʱ䣬Ҳéڷ֮оĸбһǼų˳֮ҲéɽԼµһ·ֻû´ֶûκ˾֤˭Ҳ֪ܲܳɹ
侹Ȼܷϻͯ۾ʦЩŵʵ
éô˵Ҳǳ֮ǧˣڵͷ֮е£˿ɼĴܹóͨûǴ˼˵ӦҲʲôңɼ飬Ȼֻéһ룬Ƿ֮Ҳд˾ķܲܳɹ滹Ǹδ֪
˵Ϲ̲̾Ϣһֵû뵽Ǽջѡߵ·֮ĸ̫ˣǷܿԬ£˭ֿһɢȥ½ֻأһǱ㻥ٲʶ֮գڳ֮пأǵĳɹˣ˷Զڳвٳأ·̫ˡû뵽ǻ᲻öԷһ̣ͬʱǽ˷֮С
Ϲ̵ĻҲ˵ôһ¶
ʵ¶˵ܼ򵥣éɽʦүǳ֮дһǧ꣬ǷʲôҲ˼Լһ˹¿Ĵ棬ʱ䳤˿϶ģΨһܹƵҲֻˣ϶Ҳ뵽ԼһȲ֮³Ǹ󣬳ȥֻ֮·һȻҪ͵øԼһ·Ǳĥһ˳֮󣬷겻𣬱֮󣬼֮еֶ֮Ρ
Ȼ·ʮּѣԶȲתֻصĺãϣһЩġ
ʵĲϣλүٴνֻأܹǸ֮мûǴȻ·ѣȴһ˿ϣҵҲ˺ܶ࣬뻹һͷҾԼ޷ܹһˡ
۾ʦϹ̵ĽͣҲҡͷ̾Ϣһӷ𡭡ǷǽԹӢ۶Ů鳤Ųµִնϵ鳤˭ҲһģҲ޷նȻִˣҲֻǵԸˡ
˵գ۾ʦ˵ϣ˵ľȥ˼֡
һԵһܿʳҵɻϹ̣үղѪ߶һǿףٳӣֻʣһƤҰŹͷˣҲлǷ֮
Ϲתͷ棬˵Ҳ̫пܰɣֻҪǲ뿪ٽ֮е֮пָܻӦûǻָĳһЩпǼʮ꣬Ҳϰ꣬éҲпԵġ
鷢չزҲ˵Ǻ»ǻ£ҵ̹˺ܶࡣ
ܿһ飬תͷߵĸүϹ̡ҸүǷ֮Уܸܲүһ
Ϲ̷ɵ˸үϣ߶Ȧ£ҡҡͷ˵СûôִѾˣֻеػ껹һϣǰǽ㽫õķ֮ôǲĹޣҪĽᷢӺһ𡣡


2736 ػس
Ϲ̵ѣү֮ǰĽҽʬط֮У̺һ𣬵ʱүҲû֮пͨ飬뼴ү˸ү飬үҲһԸȥǸ
ӻЩԺⳤܹͨ飬үǼֻδᣬ֮ǰһ˵֮Ҫʬ尲ڸ߸ڴ壬ǵʦߡ
˵Щȥ
˵ЩУԿ浱ʱûŽԼĻ֮Уǻ۾ʦղȴĻȴڡ
⵽׷ʲô飬˭ĻǸ˷֮أ
ѵԬ档
뵽ҳԬǱ߿һۣڵϣ˻һֻȴһֵķǳѶȣһҴûмķ
ڿԬı飬Ҳֳһ˿Ц⡣
ӦԬ֮ʣǸӡ˰ɡ
ǷʱҲûϳɡ
תֻأǼڳ֮ѰĻᡭ
һǿԶټһҪޱĵȴٴμĻᣬǼҲпܹһҲ
һѾ⣬ǵķǰһ̾ʲôʲôҾͲö֪ˡ
ѡĽһٴλص֮Уڴٴطһ졣
ˡȻִˣϹֻ̾ٽ͵ˡϹ̷ͷ֮ϣٴλһֱϮ˵Ĵ
ֻǧ֪֮ҲԵЩѣæĨһϵۣ˵ô˵Ǹٴһ죬̫ˡ²˳٣ǸϽ͵ȥɡ
˵ţֻǧٴλֻ𣬡֨֨Ĵͷ֮ϣʱɹһȺѪֱӽǼλʬ˰֮С
λԵټϹ̸ֻǧһԶȥ
һֻëӣſһֻϣͷ߿һۣܿһƬܼ˸߿֮С
ЩүǷϰ֮УҿֻɫüͻȻһ򣬱һɫĹâߴ˹
һ֪ô¶ǵҵ֮С
Ϲ̳ҴǷӡүԨе֮꣬ʣϹֽ»ҡ
ǧе֪мֻȴҲһƬʬ
һȺɶ޴ĺ֮ԽԽԶʧ
ĿЩ뿪ֱҲ
ζӳ£Ҳ˵ʲôʲôоֻףǣϣǿֻܹⱲӣҶټˣﻹЩѹ
ƶһٶܹ꣬лλǰⱲҲֵˡԸܹɡΪ˿Щʧķһص˵
Ҳ߰ɣϹؼҡӿһϵĸү
׼Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬻۾ʦͻȻġ
۾ʦкæŲ壬ߵ˻۾ʦǰ
ģĵʱ䲻ˣЩҪ㽻Բ֮㽫ĵʬ͵̨ɽ𻯣ʱ϶ճһЩߣз𷨣ΪгһҪ㣬̨֮ɽסֵλñɣʮ뿪̨ɽĴΣ쳾ǰΪѣȻɣ̨ɽ齻㣬Ҳûʲô֮ˡ۾ʦŻУ˵
۾ʦȻ˵ƽϻȴܲʵ۾˵ʦô˵߾أϴ뿪ȥҶѦҵҽƿ϶κõġӲԸʲǫ̂ɽס֣Ҳû˼̨ɽݱ΢ΪҲõһλӦʦǡ
۾ʦҡҡͷ˵ûõģĵԼ֮ǰնƴƣȫϣΪҲǵȻһգȻ;ƿݣ֮ԼֵڣǵиЩ顣ΪˣӦЩִղŽ飬ԣ԰˵ȥҲԲһǡ


2737 һнԿ
ʦҪµӲ𣿡еҲƲסˣ˵
޳һнԿࡣңΪ֡ĵʱ䵽ˣ߲߶ɲģ˵Щǡ
˵ţ۾ʦͻȻֵ̨ɽӺڣ
һͻȻһȺ̨ɽĴУ϶Ѫ߰ߣ˫ֺʮŻ۾ʦޱȹģߵ˻۾ʦ֮һӷ
ղ˵飬λɶˣԺ̨ɽסֵλñ㽻ģ֪λʦֵܺʦʦǿʲô۾ʦֵ
Щб˴˿һۣһλͺܴĺ˳һеƾסַԸǡ
۾ʦĬĬĵ˵ͷ۾˹ڵϵģ΢΢ЦģԺ·ֻԼˣļһֻأǻټĻᡭ
˵ţ۾ʦϵЦݱһһʧˣ۾ҲϣԴԱһᣬҲûκϢ
ʦй˹ȥһѱס˻۾ʦ壬סʹ޳޵ľǸһ㣬ϻһֱǸ¶Ǳ۾ʦ˻ȥ̨ɽʮ꣬ɽ쳾ģһֻεʮ꣬ʮ굱УйҲûлع̨ɽԻ۾ʦĸӹɵģϻ۾ʦʦĸһ㡣
ڵĻоѣѾһ飬ļһҲصģݸ鲢ûа۾ʦϻ϶оһ㡣
Ҿûжʦĸ϶ҪҸүĸ黹Ҫ
ʵҸүĴָͷĹ
ϻͲһˣô˵۾ʦҲʮꡣ
۾ʦˣ˺£Ȼȥ
ͻȻ뵽˻۾ʦǺУһߣȥǽһֻأ˵ʮ֮󣬻۾ʦǰļ䣬ǻܹһ뵽ĵı˶ʱ˼֡
һת۾ʦӦǵڰ˰ɣ
˵һɮתʮͿгɷ𣬻۾ʦ·Զء
бŻ۾ʦ˺һų̋ɽЩȰ
ʰһ߱ߵʬص˿ʼ½ĳǣ뿪⴦ĵڡ
սΪ˸ĵطһжˣ˺ܶʬ壬һصҲ˶
һصܶգǸ˵֮һĴڣֻʮĹ̥ղԼ»Уʬ屻ˣʮΪҲת
һҵС
үֻ̣Ҽһ棬Ҳû˵仰һεҿ϶ûлټˣֻţǻܹٻһһǧֻ꣬Ҫǻѹܹٴγأ롣
ЩվǷˣ뿪ĳ֮󣬻Ҫ˵
ԺʼռүǾ仰ƽƽ棬һ뽭ƺɼ
ǰԴ֮Һûһܹ̤ʵһͨ˵ӣǸһ´򹤣ÿûжǮŴֲ赭ӣȴҲ⽭ϵȷѪá
ǣһлܻصȥô
˽˵ұΪҸүʬϣʯͷ滺ȥ
ɸĳҲæʰս
ϡܹܼǹЩһصܶĹͷʹػһЩûбȫһжûκιϵˡ
˽ұǰߵʱ򣬶ʦͻȻλƵĳ˹Ǻһһһξ룬ſ˵ϣ˯˹ȥοٵС
ߵ˶ʦֵߣûԻһ̴˶ռˣû
˵ţ˱һѽʦָװǬ˱֮С
Ҳ֪ĳǴ˼켸ҹ̫һֱҲڷͻȻ;쳣ƣ̫ˡ̫ˡⱲӶûô۹ȫ۵Ҫ
ҪԬùƳֹסʵѪû˰ɡ
ˣҪ˯ᡣ
ţҾſ˵ı˯ˡ
ٴʱ򣬷ҾѦҩλүӵķ֮еéԱſһˣҸһ۾ʱ򣬱ŵһӭһϤζ
һʼЩģǽʱҲſķſҴ˯ŵǸ˾Ȼǳ졣
˯ĺ㣬µٲңһֻСֻҵ֣Ӧúƣɣ֪˶ˡ


2738 ˯
̧ͷŴ⿴һۣͷ֪糿ǰ
طܶΣÿһƴˣҪصطѦλүӵҽΡ
һҲһһӦñеܵ˶Ҫأ˹Ҳһֲ԰ĸоŴ߶һµտҲ
Ԭ˵ʱ򣬺˵һ仰ҵΪûˣҲ֪˵ĵǲġ
뵽Щоûһ˿һĻ֮̿УʮֵȻ
ݵķ״̬ҵ￪ʼ֮ǰ֣һһ
ˣҲˣһֱڱ󻤷˰յΪʬʣҲүǸɱˡ
үҲΪ뿪˳Եʣ϶
Ȼǽǽ˷֮Уǧִ˳ͨԷĴһܹ
ˣлеʦ۾ʦҲǳս֮Բţϻ̨ɽס֡
ڱͻ˺ҶѦλүӵķ֮УΪ˸˵ġ
ô˵һչǿҲӦñ˻
ʱǼҲ˵ĺأǿΪܲסһȴӲҪյǰ棬˰һǷ絶
һ뵽ǼҵĺתͷĹˣҪѰǵӰ
һʱſߵĳˣȻ̧ͷŵҵץĸһЩĿҪ˳СŸ硭ˡţȥˡȥѦҵҽ
˵ţæֱӳ汼˳ȥһһ߻ţѦҽСŸˡǿ
ǻŵģЩ㱣ղվʱҷ۾׵ģȻǿ޹ɫҲʮ㲡
ձȥûã洫һŲʱ㿴ѦҵλүӺɳ˹
ҪȴѦүӸס˼˵ӣҶĺܣǰոùʮֶθ㽫ϵľˣڻûлָãűãһܵˣ鷳ġ
Ѧү˵ұɺˣҶ
˯˶áһſڣҾ;ɤӸɵҪðˡ
æȥҵһˮȻڼˮ򷭣ò׸Ҷ˹һˮŽǱˮιҺȥ
С˯˰£˽ڱûãͻ˯˹ȥȻһֱûѹǴӴĳǱ߳˺ü죬ȻҶ˯߰죬ûмô˯ģЩһֱߣ켸ҹû뿪һֱչˡɳҼһ۾ٺЦ
ҿһӣ˵ˡ
˵仰ӵĵЩԹ˵ô˵ôأ˵֮Ȣһؼҵģһô죿
ҡⲻǻôô˵棬ͻȻ˵ⷬҸоЩΪ顣
ǵѦλүӵ棬Һ
̧ӲᣬʵûҲֻգת˻ϻһأ
õǣǼˣǿ˵أСжתǬһǰˣչˣһͰչƻָͦ죬֮ⷨסôˣȥѦҩ̵ϻǰ뿪˺Ҷȣ̨ɽ۾ʦԲˣڳ̨ɽƽ̣ϻˣҪȥ̨ɽ飬л۾ʦĺ¡æ˵
˺Ϊأʵ
λڷ֮дһ뿪ˣܵˣе˭Ҳ֪ȥߵʱҲܴæɻص
ҵ˵ͷʾȻˣƮ޶Ҳ֪Ҹүʱôϵϵǡ
һ뵽ٴ뵽˸үжʱѹޱȣֵҸүʬأ
ĵʬ屻ǰ˺Щ˵֮ǰרŸ˽ԴʬǱûͷ˺ǵطԱʬıáѦү˵ҵĸүۿ
̾Ϣһֵû뵽ֵܾôˡݺһӢһûȴûлŴ߳


2739 Ϊʧ
ǰҲû뵽һζԸվȻҸүͻ۾ʦˣЩСȻ˲ᣬȴȫһ
һ˵үնʱЩһĬһұʵλүӣʲôʱ´߶
ʳ仰ڳ˵ɫһ쿴ҲЩҡ
ܿ죬ǾͻָɫѦүӵģң´߶ˣ졣
˵ɫ֮УҿһЩߣǿ϶ңλүӣʲôֱ˵ͺãͦס鷢չֵزӦûʲô黹ٴˡ
λүӱ˴˿һۣƬ̣ѦүӱģȻָܹΪѾûˡϷƲ⣬նƴʱΪ̫񣬶ȣһػ֮£ȫϣĵشһΪ˲ɢֵܶѾ취ùʮֶΰƺˣֻǡΪʧ飬ǡ
˵һвԶ
˵ʵѾ˳˼׼ԬùƳ˵ʱԼܿĶԻ˵һΪϵˡ
ô꣬Ϊһ֮ڻһôȫ׷ˣֳһͨˣ֪ø˻Ǹñˡ
ƺһ֮ɫͻȻٴץסҵ֣СŸ硭ʲôӣҶ뿪㣬ûΪˣԺҾ߱㡭
ҵ˵ͷ˵ã¶һ˿Ц⣬ԼЦûûΡ
Ѧү̾ϢһȻ֮ǰΪʧĵģҲ˵еĻԴͷʼϷϵܺͻ۾ʦ֮ǰһΪ͸㣬ΪﵽһֵǷ켫ĵزȻûоֵֶΣһǿĸ֮ģ㾭йķţЩǲǵģֻҪ¿ʼУڼ֮ڣֿԻָ֮ǰΪԽ۾ʦĴ͸ЩΪҲع飬˵ǺܸߺܸˣҲ̫ѹ
ҵ˵ͷʾȻ룬ǲҪ¿ʼеˡ
̺ү֮ʣ㶣˵ͨ˵ûʲôãһ˳ȷѪĽͨ˵ӣյĹޡ
ҾڲʺϹͨ˵ӣĿǰ˵һкܶңǸ˾Ԭʦʦ֣ԬնǺļһ϶Źҵġ
һ뵽ԬͻȻЩԬòһûУöûҵ鷳ˣҾҸ֮ĳԹ϶ݣ֪ڵΪȫޣ϶취Ҹɱˡ
һ첻Զ
ԬһмܴĳңѪ̵ѪĸˣΪ˶룬֪ӵʲôطҲһ
кˮʥ̵է³ǺˮʥеĶߺ͵³ǼŪģҾϼһ϶Ҳưոݡ
һصܶȻ𣬵Ƿֲڻĸصһصֶ滹кܶ࣬Щһ֪ûκη֮Ҳ뷽跨Ūҡ
Ҫعͨ˵үһǸ֮ԶҪȻҵԶƽˡ
һԼˣ̸αԼ˺أ
һ˲䣬˺ܶ࣬޷ƽΪʧҪͷʼ֪ʲôʱҲָܻΪһ뵽ЩӾ۵
λѦҵүֿοҼ䣬ҺúϢ£µ߶ˣȻ뿪
ɱҲλүһ뿪ǲҸĶ硣
һƬ̣ͣ˽Ųתͷ˵ˡүǰһˡ
үүˡʲôʱ򣿡ЩԾ
һ֮ǰǸճԴĳǻصҶȵĵڶ죬үӾ͹ˣǹһۣһȻȥ˺˸үʬ壬ںҹһˮûкȣ˭Ȱ糿ү˭Ҳû˵ԼˡҲ֪ȥ̾Ϣһ
үүˡ
϶ĳ֮սүү֪ģȴʱ˱𴦣Ϊص黪ֵĴУܲĵǲˣҸүһ涼ûм


2740 Ĺ
үүĴ϶ܴҲȻǳεģҪʱүүûүүڵĻͻĹۣҲǻֵľֳԵһЩȽĻԸЩһصĹͷʹҲܶˡ
Ժ뵽үүڸүʬԱߣʹ飬ûڲѵģʵҲЩѹ
׻˵ĺãѧգң֮Ҳûôûġ
һ仰͵ùԹԵţǰңûүүүӵĻǵصı£ҪȻڻ֪һء
ʵһֱ޾ͦõģԲҲȱǮҲص˲ǲһҲڡ
˵һүүҵ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
æʱүͦĵģо˺ö࣬죬ܻˣ͸үӴ绰ο䣬үӵʱûȥĳҲɼ
зִ硣һص
㲻ٶԣ˵ţȥչǡ
ֻ֮ʣҺͳ졣
ѹãҲǿ˹ûڣͻȻͿ˳¡
֣ȥϵۣʲôⲻúõô
СŸ硭֪Ҿ͸һȥˣҸǱδѣҽþתݸˣҲãۿŸתһЩȥʱүүȴסңҹȥ˵ǵط̫գȥĵطơҡ
˵ˡҶ⣬ʱ㲻ãҸүͻ۾ʦôߵΪҲģܹҾ;úҸˡ
һ˵ţһֲߵۣỹͣ
˵Ůˮģ⻰һ١
ﻹǰʶǸӣ˪Цǰǻһˡ
úϢһ°ɣô죬ü춼û˯ˡҵ
û˵ֻǽԴĿҵؿڡ
һ̣Ҹоʮ̤ʵļЦ˵ӣԺ˵Ҿͳһˣ㻹Ըһ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷץҵⱲҷ㲻ޣˣҲĹ㲻Ҫˡ
ôᡭҶ㻹ңٲȢ㣬Ǿ̫ûˣ˺Ժ󣬻ָĲˣӣȥǳ¼ףȻ;ٰ¡صĻԺͿԹûûˡһЦ
˳ˣ컹ʵҵǿôûûͻȻЦſҵ
һֽ˻Уһȥ
תۼ䣬µʱܿȥˣʱѦλүӶģȻʮȫźź˰£ȵҸоҪˡ
λҽڣҵƻָĻͦģӵĲ£Ҳܹµ߶һ
ڼ䣬չһҼΣ˻ָҲһǧưƻָһչɫʮֲ԰ףΪҲָһЩ
ǿһֱλүӵķ֮УǿȻѵ磬ǻµ߶һֱϤϡ
ռһǷ絶ʱǿյǰ棬󲿷ǿϣҪϴŶתǬƣʱ͸ûˣղûôˣֻǱǿײ˳ȥܵ˲Сĳײ죬û뿪ˮԨʱվѾ˹
ҲǿС
ڻУԴ뿪˺Ҷ֮󣬺ʧȥһϵҲûİϢ
۾ʦԲ֮ǰȥ̨ɽס֣¶ôҲò̫
һȾƳ⣬Ůɫԣʱ໰һֱą̃ɽǷŴɣסֿ϶ҪһһЩĴУ˾ģҲôһ¶
ϻѵԸ񣬽֮гի𣬻ҪһõɮģôЩ
ʱԺﻹԲһ»и̨ɽЩദĻ棬۷𾭣һſھүģǵжôס
¶룬һ;úЦ
ϻӦôھ޴ıʹ֮Уص̨ɽ֮Ҫ۾ʦĺ£Ҫ̨ɽһӦ϶ʮַæûҲ
ҵĵǣϻԺܸܲһȾƳ⣬ˣǲǵ̨ɽס֣ЩŽɾ͵ȫأһסֻǻǰǸӣ̨ɽ϶Ҫˡ


2741 ˵үү
ϻҲȥܣ̨ɽҲܲţֻЩƣ۾ʦԲ֮ǰΪʲôҪϻȥ̨ɽס֣˵ϻסֵϣֻƢԣҾЩ̫ʺϡ
۾ʦִˣ϶뷨ֻǿ͸ˣǻ۾ʦԲ֮ǰԣϻҲΥ˻۾ʦ˼
ԸɣϻյʱЩֵܣһֵۣܳپ۾ۣȶپƾٺòˡ
߶֮ҾҵүүʵЩ죬һֱүү绰Ǳߵֲ֪οڣһ˵¶үӿ϶ѹڸүڻԱһֱϵڡ
ԥһǸүүͨ˵绰绰˺üͱͨˣǽӵ绰Ĳүүΰƽ
Сš˶ˣΰƽЩʵ
µ·ˣҲû¶ҾҼүôˣҵ
үһ֮ǰʹǵ˻־ְֳЩһֱڼҴţ춼ûгˣͷ̫ãҲٳԶһ˴ƾƣ˭Ȱãȥ浣үӵ˲ɡĳǵ飬û˵ԹֳǱʱ˱ĵط飬үӲϣȴһרżֳ٣Լ߶߲ѣ֮үӳĻˣֱӲˡ⼸죬صܾ˺üˣȰֳȥֳȫŲ
һ£ΰƽֵһ˰ɣҾҲֻܹȰүӣȥүӵǿ˲ɡ
˵õģҵٻָһЩȥ˼ģȻүôطΰƽ˵ھľԺ棬ȥĻǰ绰үסĵطɭϣſڻоû֤ǲܽġ
ӦһȻͰѵ绰ҵˣЩζ治֪׸ôүү˵飬Ҿ黹Ҫ˼Լͨ˾ͺһЩ
ģ·ҪӲţǲȥ˼ˡ
λүӵķ֮˼죬ЩһһָĿ죬һֱտҵңϴأַ򳪸ĸо
ȻΪʧ߶һӰңûʲô̫ʧ֮С
Լܹ߶ʱұȥȥҸүʬٹϼ죬ʱ򣬱㽫үʬǸС֮У̺һˡ
һӣվҪΪǰô⣬ȥүݺһ֮Ϊµһ֣ǽϴ˵һĴڣվˡ
ÿ˶ôһ죬ֻѡ
뼴ʦүǸҲԶ䡣
һ˵ȥı鿴Щ̫ȻʬҲںĺϣҲ˵϶Ҳ֪֮ǰ֮䷢飬ʲôû˵һȥˡ
ٴοүʱͰںһ࣬ѦҵλүӻרΪүһ̨
⺮¶ȼͣоҪʮȡ
˿Ϊȫʧֿ˺ܶ࣬ûн뺮Ѿû˰ӡ
ĿңϵůﵽҵϣŸоһЩ
ܹ֮ﱣʬһ¶ȵԵʣѦҵλүӸι˵ҩʬܹܺõı棬ʬ屣ڸõ״̬
үıܰ꣬о˯һӵһ࣬ǰ꽣
һүʬ壬һֻ㱵ĸоûȥһ㣬յЦòٴθҵԺ֮Увĺһү
ǸүûлӦǰ
һٴκۿ
СŸ硭ܸڰ˳ɣһЩʱҸһ𽫸үڸ̵ߡ
ҵ˵ͷֳŲԶһۣҵĿʬ֮ϣ϶ʱһĨį֮ɫ
ȻһţȴҲҸ׽ˡ
ӣҽӵʬ㲻ɣҿ
ᣬСŸ硭ȹ֮ǰ֮ϾһԵ֣ô˵㲢Ǳ֮ˣҪ˵ûһ˿黳ǲܵģţԺеλýռһƬ̧ͷ΢Цſҡ
סļû뵽ӻƽ⣬вɵٴһů𣬽ĸһЩ


2742 
֮ǰңԴЩ󲻶Ⲣ˵Լ飬ǾԸᣬһֱϣܹͷϣܲԸڼ䷢˺ܶ飬ע޷һ𣬻ǳ˵Ե޷ְɡ
֮Ϊˣȴˣ£Ӵ˶ţҵնǧ˿
ҵĸԸᣬǶо֮
ΣҺ֮䶼ˡ
Ϊ˾ңֱӱһҲˣֻܽ˺Ѱһᣬ
ȻҲֻһˣܸ֪ܲҪȵʲôʱ
ڵΪʧ͸ãˡ
֮ǰҶĸԸᣬǱĬ֮Уռ˺ܴһƬطȻҺ޷һֲóǵңҲܹһƬ⣬о仰˵ĺãϧǰˣ˶ңǿ麮Ҳ͸ڻˡ
ҲܹӶҶĸ黹ЩٵģҲұ֤Ҷаָ飬Ͼ֮ǰһУж޷ĥ
оȻϣһǻȫԸھȻ֮飬һúøġ
λүӵķִ֮һңұܹˣֻ廹Щ飬һ£ָоκΞų仯ĸܻûлָá
е飬Ҫһġ
ܹ֮ұ˷󣬿ʼѦҩ̼˼ա
ʱ䣬ѦǿҲָĺܲСֻصˣһʱ䣬ͿȫָΪڣҵ˺ܶࡣ
ֵһ˵ǣǿϵĶתǬƾȻһϸСѺۣɼʱһǷ絶жء
ϴŵĶתǬȴ𣬿Ϊʱ۾ʦҸүеΪڸҵԵʣܹжȥյһ
һصѦҩ̵ʱڵƺʹܼҽһˣҲһˣǿֵܼģûдλүӵķ֮гʱǼһˣ˵һڷ֮ˣûнȥ֮ûнȥǾмɻ䣬Ͼλүӵڣһ£ǲϣİ˴ŵģߣǷνһķţڵҪȥ϶֪һЩνⷨķţҲλүӱȽϼɻġ
ڵˣϵ˴򽻵Щܲ˵ڷ֮ˣֻһͰչǼһ棬һ¹ڴĳǷ顣
ҺͳγѦҩ̣ͽʮ飬еһҵ״
ȻѾʮΣûиΪʧ飬ֻ˵ڽָٹһ±ɸ֮ǰһ㡣
Ͼ¶ͬСɣһΪʧ鴫ȥ˵кܶڵһһصֶͨɫСƾҪˡ
߽һлСΪ
Ѧҩ̣ǿڵһˣھϣһﶼ˲٣ҲһЩûҺȶ࣬Ϊҵߣһֱҵơ
ŮûмþƵģӵľҲܿԣұţԺһҲįˣûµʱȺСƣСҲ⡣
¾ûʲôΪԺɲҵСӣֵ㲻죬ӻ
ƹѮ˵˴ĳǵ飬ڵֱĴȣ˵Ľʢûǿϧ
ʱéɽ֪ͨɵĸǰéɽۼʱôϢͨĵط֪ܲʱڽȴˣڽɣéɽû֪ͨڣ˵Ƿˡ
ʱéɽȥĳǣͨ·éɽɽ磬ھа˸ӣҲҲûéɽ츣ضȥ˵ȥˡ
ھȥҲ֪ôȥĳǸطԵЩһӴĳǻ֮ڵ˾һˣֵ֪ܼȻˣǻţĵȥˡ
˵ҳ˷󣬲ô˵ҲڵĴɶڵĹϵõġ
˵ڵ˹ȥҲﲻʲô̫æܹȥĳǵĶǸɾĸ֣ܹõóֵģҲֻп죬ڵĴɽһֱһéɽڿ϶ҲÿǵȥȥϾȥĳһⱾûκˮ


2743 үһ
ڳ˰һⱾĽǲģǽһصˣǽŸˣǶ̲κκôڵĳԾ׬Ǯǻר˵⣬ֺõܲͲ롣
˵ûȥҵмţͨθĽӴоҲһˣһʮֵѣͽӣǣȻֵԱߡ
ڳԷʱҵýӰһæҶһϺõĹײģٹ죬ٺһЩұ㽫ҸүʬӺӳȥ˼ҲõǸ֮иһͬᣬǸүԸұҪɡ
ү˵ҲøžˣǻЩûд꣬ԲҸ̶ȥûд飬϶ǰˡ
տսߣսŽһΪڸҡ
֮ǰܼһүүǴ΢Ц뿪ģؾȪ֮ҲܹĿˡ
Ӱ¶ҺܷģнŪײĵ飬ֻ죬˽ǹײֱ͵Ѧҩ̣ǹײĿȥʮֺأʮ־ҹײϻɢһ㣬ľǿ˵ײӦǼƷ˿ľѰý˿ľһӱֵƣײ˵ҲҪϣզ಻ѣҲûǮ϶ûٷ˼
үܹ˯һڹײģҲһƬТˡ
үӵʱѦСߺһǶȥæǽǽ˿ľĹײ̧˷֮еĺȻ󽫸үʬ尲˹ײһм̧Źײģ㾶ֱ˴塣
ҵĳӾͣڴڲԶȫƵܹߴײĸŽȥ
Һ⳵׳ĴԽҰҪȻһܹŵ¡
ڸʻϣڸʻһͰչǲһȥ˺棬ðҿŹײġ
үǸȥΣЩƫƧҿųСʱ֮ŵǸط
Ȼһ˽ײĴӳϷһ̧ͬųǷķȥҲ˽һСʱɽ·ߵүһıԵʱ˽Ǿ޴Ĺײķ˵ϣЪЪٽȥǴ󲡳ΪʧûΪ֧ţһͨˣѾ۵ĺ䤱麹ֱðʱ򣬱˵ĸ̧ڹײģһҲ硣
ڲŷ֣Ϊʧ֮Ǻܲϰߡ
ϰվ˸ߴͻȻ䵽͹ȵĸоܡ
ײķ֮Ҳ˾̱˵ϣæó־Ҳͷϵ麹еСŸ硭˻ûкҪȻɡ
Ů̧ײĵģ㻹δŵϱ¶϶ɡҴϢ˼΢Цſ
ȻϦദôãż˵Цһ£ǻ죬ĺܺÿ
ЪʮӣҲŻһк˳ŷȥʱͻȻչүӡˡ
չһͷһʱҲһ£үү֪ʲôط˳ɫʮ㲣꣬˶˺üȦ׵ͷѾͷ׷֮ǰүүˣʮô֮࣬еľҲˣȴһĨȻ֮ɫ
үүӣвЩۣһûϳʱϴҲɽװֻһλͨװɽװӣһЩϰߣ˺ܶյϡ
˺һҲŵүүˡ
үү˵ͷ˵ˡФүһ̡
үүЩɳƣۿһֱͨġ
үү㰲үȥȥ̽û뵽ԼˡͻȻ;үүЩΣûһ˵
ǸطȥˣүүԺҲȥˡѾǵصĹؼϣԺʹڸ߸ڴ壬Ҳȥˡүү˵ţֱǿڳŸүľ޴ײǰΡΡ˫֣ḧǿڹײģһһģޣȴѹԼ޳ָоʮܣᡣ
ȫүү˭û˵ˣӾʲôҺȥο䣬ߣȴҲ֪Ӻ˵
áүүһ˵СŰүһ̰ɣǶŰɡ
һͷŰչǿһۣ˷׷׵ͷʾţȴͻȻҡҲȥɡҲСŸ硭


2744 ϱ
үүͷ˳һۣʱЩæүүá
ǳ¼ҵĹŮɣүүϸ˳졣
үүͺһûмСһִٲͷСţҽг죬ҵгүүǳ࡭̫үǳ鲨
šǾ͸һȥɡүү˵ţ㳯ҿһۣү˷ֱߵ˹ײĵͷһ̧һߣײĸ
ڹײ˵ҲжٽټҸүʬ඼İٽˡ
Ҵ˿̵С壬޴Ĺײ㲻ͣĴ˰ӣҧײĸġ
쵣ҵ壬æҪչæȴҡͷ㡭վһߡҪ
Ů̧ײģһûҲҪŸүʬ֮С
үүŸүĹײǰ棬ҽҾүү֮ǰ϶ҹүȽϤͽүүˣûΪֻ˼һҸһ
վҵһ࣬˫֣һʱҵĶ
˿̵ңڴײĵȷǳޱȣÿǰŲһǺˮһҧĿ졣
ڸүõǺܸӣǴ֮ʮӣ߳˷
ǳ˷֮һȫʪ͸ˣˮϴһûߵүסĵط֮ǰڹײǲܷġ
ոճ˷֮󣬳ͻȻٴһ㣬һѽϵ˳ЩŵСŸ硭д
Ļ˵꣬һԲݴ߳һƥͨɫĴǣҸү֮ǰƥҼǵҸү֣ǸһĿ
ƥߵĶûκҪǵ˼üΡ
ģҸүѡҸ
ЩɻĿǰһۣŽ
ǰǻߵǿŵڹײԱߣƵΧŹײתȦ̧ͷŹײ˼£ǸһεҡҡͷͻȻ췢һǺɽҰص
źǵۿͻȻᣬײײĳҸү֮ǰסǸéݵķȥ
ӡǽߡүү˵һүٴ˽Ųǰȥ
ҿǣЩɻ˵үүǵʲô֪ô
ү˵ʱ򣬲ѽŸ˵Ǹ̥峤ʲôҲ֪ǻ˼ҾͽүˣһͷǸ˻ȥүģͷǸүһ𳤴һֻһֱүߡҲһټʮˣү޳Щеġүүһߣһߵ˵
û뵽Ҹү⾭ȻǱǸģҺٴʵҸүתôôǹ̥
ǰүȷת࣬ʱ˶ŵĺܣүǲ֮ֻöˣҪǱǼȥͶҲү˵һ죬Ҳ
үү˵ţһ£̾Ϣүôģ
˼÷Ըգ꽣еָ꣬նԺһơΪܹҼɱ˼Һͻ۾ʦΪȫҡǲСҲһһ߸үү˵սүүֻţһ仰Ҳ˵ںùײĶүүһһġ
˵үҲˣ˥϶ʱүүڱסˣһ߿һ˵ԼҵĲФڡ
Ұοүүã˵ֲ˼ңֻܹصЩˣ㾡ޱȣΪɵҲΪͷһصԼɽۻɣڴĳǣصҲ棬ʰоֵģȫݺݿһѡ
үүʹļף˵Լصһ˾Ȼ³̫үһ涼ûмҲûȥڡ
Ұοүү˵ˣﻹδŵϱܲһμͿ޿಻á
㣬үүֹͣ˺ʱԼʧ˷ִ磬һᣬ㲻
Ӻ濴үүıӰۣôһˣȴ޵Ǹһ¶˭ǶģүүƢǺõģҵĻ˭ҵ·ҹ˭Ǵɱ䲻ɡ
صȥүүˣ϶Ҳʮĸ֣үүҲŬֻûгɹˡ


2745 
˺óһ·ҺүүŽүĹײ̧ǸСԺ֮УٴطоЩ֮⣬˷ǣȥ¥գү֪ס˶ĵطվҲҪΪһι
ײķ֮˶۵ˣⱲӶûоô۹·ˮ͸šˮͿŸүĹײģұ̱æҲүүΪײķ֮ûаƣ֮ɫ죬ߵĲ˳
ôΪͻȻһˣЩϰˣ˲ͼᶨģһ߰ɣɵҲôۡ
үү¹ײ֮󣬱СԺ֮Ĵ߶ǳĿһ򣬲֪ʲô
ֻԴӻصСԺ֮УһֱſҸүĹײԱߣ͵͵һڿޡ
ͣ˶ʮӵĹ⾰үү۷˻Ժһѳͷǣݸһߣʼɡ
Ӧһүүӹ˳ͷŸ̵ķڣԱ˹ȥ
үүϱŵĿڴó˹ͼ򵥵ĹƷ˸үүķڣԱߡ
ţү˾͹̿ͷүүӦ̫ү̫֮ү̫̺ᣬ̫̣
أ߶һ˷׷㿪ʼٷء
տʼʱֻ߿һ𣬵͵͵ƺĿ©׹⣬ʮַŭүүȥǰǿ˵˼ǰǺܿٴſ˵ϣһ
үү۷һ𣬽̵ķڣٿˡ
Һүүæʱӱߵ˸̵ǰĿ̵ĵǸү̵ֵģΩΩФװƮƮɣ˹ɫĴŮҲ
󲿷ֵĻүүˣͷһ仰Ҳ˵ƴеĸС
ĲǺһСʱ֮Ǳ㽫ײĸ˳һʬĥĹײģʮֳأ滹оĻƣӦҲڸү֮֡
ҽײڳʱͻȻðһ󵨵뷨뽫ײĴ򿪣Ҹ̵׳ʲôģǲǸʯһģһ
ͷֻһҲûǸӴ򿪣Ƕ˵һ¡
̹ײΧһƬյسҺүүȥ׼үĹ餷ʱ򣬳ͻȻСŸ硭Ĺһʫ
Һүүһ£æ߹ȥڸ̵Ĺ棬мС֣оָͷдȥģ滹ָӡ⼸СдĲԾʮзǣ׻˵ˣһۿȥҸүдġ

իռ
ٻӰ̺
˼Ҳɻһ
ӿĹ֣һһ
ʱۿȻҲˣһۣЩʵ˵û뵽侹Ȼ˳ӣʫÿһֶ͸¶Ŷ˵˼֮飬䣬ľ٣꣬ʱԽ˼Խδһ̣ǡ
ȻĻˮƽߣȴҲܹʫᵽүԸ˼֮飬ŨŨ˼ֱ֮ġ
үӡ˼ҿ԰Ϣˣͽ̫̺һԺǾͿԶҲ÷ֿˡүүͷһ۸үĹײģ׵۾ٴ
̾ϢһүүһŲүǿڹײģŽڣ֮У̺ᡣ
ײĻû̧ͻȻ䣬һĴЦ֮ڶߣǴӰ˷ĵЦǱЩ֮⣬ǣĞųعĵ
ų̫ǿˣΪڣסɞų϶ûʲô⣬ڣǿҵĞų֮£ͷĿѣĤ죬һѪֱӿʱľͳŵϵȥ
Ӵһһסңһַֻҵĺ֮ϣʱһůȫҪѪĳ嶯ʱ˲١
ʲôˣϽҪȻɲˣһֻץңһֺֻһ˫Ŀͣĳɨӡ
ЦδֹͣЦЦţȻżֿǻЦ𵴵ģүүҲɫһѽ˳
ηˡүү
ЦԶЦЦžȻʱһӰԼƶǰһ̻׿⣬תۼĹ㵽ǵߡ
ҿǰ˭ʱ򣬲ɵôһ


2746 
һɮۣһѷȻ꣬տȥҲǺϣҸүʶᣬҲʦ
治֪ʲôʱģûо쵽үүҲһоûС
˵ҲǣΪܸߣϾǸҸүһĸ֡
үүûмᣬסʵλǰǣ
Ƕᣬߵ鲻ͣĹһһ˹ıݣбʹлںޡвʡһԸ㺣ͬʱдű֮⣬ʱı鿴ȥЩŤ
ϹϹʶ˲һꡭ滹ҵǰͷ㶼ϸҶ˵һ仰ƶһӡ޳տһҲΪһˣΪβ϶࿴һۣһۣ
˵ţޣһɮ޷Թģ죬ҸоЩˣҪ裬ϴĞųУҸվסҪǳץңҹҪŷϺüͷˡ
үүȻʶᣬ˵ǷҲһţҸүһˣǹϵͬһ㣬ؼΪߣҲö˵ʲô
һѾƲסԼˣүүҲȥ
ǶһһĽӽҸүĹײģÿһʮֳأջǽӽǿڹײģΡΡȥĸǿڳҸүʬĹײģɼҸүĺܺ棬ү֮䵽׷ʲôֵһȥغϧΪᡣ
ڶͷһ˲䣬ĿͻȻ̵ǿĹ֮ϡ
ıʹʱޱȵķŭȻ޷İˡ
顭իռٻӰѡ̺ա˼Ҳɻһ࡭
޴ЦǱϵּӻΣͻȻЦЦޱȱЦգָҸүĹײģϹƶһֻһˣҵһ㲻ٻǸŮ˺ã뵱ƶδ֮ʱ֮˽ż̤ˡȴŮˣĶⳤģƶΪ㸶ô࣬ǿʯͷҲûˣƶᵹҪ㵽ǲʯĳ
˵ţͻȻӳһƣҸүĹײĴ˹ȥ
һʱһϾΪⶫἴٶŭҲҸүʬǣ
ۿǶһƾҪҸүĹײϣæͳǶᱼ˹ȥҪ£Ȼ˿ɶΪҲûУǶ죬ۿŶһƾҪײĸķɣʱүүͻȻһΣס˶һơ
ⶫΪ̫үүĶ֣˵ƶԺһʱ򣬶ʱһը죬үүһƺߣʱ˺üɫһƬǺ졣
ǰɰҼ̫үѾˣ˼ҵʬʲôú˵ôүүڰ˵
ƶ˭·Ҿɱ˭ѾˣٴλҸүĹײȥ
ҿ϶סᣬǳųӣס
Ϳ̫ԣٴλһƵʱ̳Ŷƴ˹ȥ
ӵΪǺܲģϾǳĺˣǳ¼ֵһ
һȥʱǶˣһΣ㿪ӵһ˶еķָӵһëѾͷҲסƶ·Ͳƶɱô
ҲʲôˣжߵΪСŸ˵ʬǿ϶У
۾ϸų쿴һֿۣһߵңܹ֮пɱ
Ϲʲôϵŭ
Ϊŵӡն˵
仰ǳ׽ŭˣЦһˣĶӻ򶴣ҵ˾ûһöϹ˼ǨϲҰŮˣҲģ
˵ţῴңŭʵ㣬ҰŮδŵӣ㽫ͽʲôλãһ˹ȥôˣǸ
Խ˵Խŭìͷ׼ңеķһߺɨ˹һΣһס˶ķҲЩˣŭᣬ˵˭ҰŮˣҿǲ֪ðķӣϽ뿪ҪȻҶ㲻ˣ


2747 Ҫæô
ӾٺõƢҲܲסⶫһһҰŮˡĽţܵ˺ܴĴ̼񾭿Щ̫ˡ
һ˵ԷҰŮˣһ˵ԷǷӣⲻŹ֡
ǶһЦ˵ƶòڽ¶棬һСŮӶԽƶ᲻ˡúúáƶɱ䣬ϹҰŮ˶ɱˣ
˵⻰ͬʱϵɱʱ߹
ⶫΪȷʵͬһ㣬֮ǰҸ֣֮ǰϿʱ򣬵ǴνҲûϼУ;ͶˣҲ֪ⶫᵽж
ϾǸҸүһֵĸ֣ΪǰţҾóܲǶĶ֡
ۿ˽ţϾҪֵʱͻȻվǰ֣λǳĺˣ̫үǴĳ鲨ɱ̫ү϶ġ
ʵûа취ˣֻý¼̫ү˳
֪ǶȴһмҵƶỹΪʲô˲ԭǸȳӵĺƶүµһֶ£ǳȳӲɣ֮ˣһҲվʲôµģ
һ£͸ŭˣǶ˵̫үǡȳӡԵʡ
£˵ͳǶɱȥһеķ֮ը죬˱սһ
ǶԿ˲͹ʮУеǰѷǻһ㣬У޷Ҳֻм֮ûκλֵأƵĲˣۿٹʮоҪ
ЩȫȴǼֻԼһΪûУǻڵĻҺ˺ⶫ϶ᱻǴˡ
Ҳˣֻǳһµ֮ϣôӴŵƧŹֵԸ񣬶ܵ˺ܴĴ̼һ⣬ʲô鶼ɵĳģʢŭ֮µĶᣬȫɱҲûпܡ
ۿֹ˼УұߵүүүүȥһӰɣŲסˣΪʧȥҲá
Щ㶵үүƻûȫ׳ʲô״Ҹ˵ЩʱſӦ˹ҵ˵ͷֱӻųҲȥ
үүһ룬ʱ˲ѹдϢ֮Ҳ̤ʵһЩ
ȻǹûмУǶͻȻϷƵĴϳһѽһֻŷԸҸүһֻųԸ죬߸ٴζγѹơ
ʩչĽҼ֮ǰù󽣷ǽʩչ֮ʱʲôģʮ翣̺ɱУĽЩԵֵüβС
һżĲУһ֣ҪʩչŶ£ĴǸһ㷴ӦûУǼͿˣȻԼûΪ顣
ȻʱҵǬ˱ƮСȣϾͨҵ뷨ܿᵽȻգСڵĵУҲܹһɺɷܿ۳Ρ
СŸ硭ҪҰæôСȿһ۵
졭ҪȻ鷳ˣܾУǧҵ
ʱ֣̫أҲ̫ãҿǰѶʦַųɣڿˡһЩŵı顣
ʱ˶ʦһ󻤷˰ʮΪʬʣʬʹ֮󣬻һ̯ںĶȫöʦָˣʦǬ˱ãСβ˵Ҳˡ
ȻҲ֪źںĶɶڶʦ˵϶Ǻö
ʦֵĵнӦ
ûһ˿С֪δǬ˱ҵķţֽʦָ˳ǰһףʦֶʱ
СڵϵĶʦ֣ҶȻһȴҴʧſڵһҪǷƵһΪһء
СȺܿ쳯Ŷʦ˹ȥһѾסĶ䣬˵֪˯Ͻɻˣ
С˴ʦ֡ءһŷһǳշʵ壬ʱʮ־޴ϵ˲ڣվڼ׿һæ˺ü
վʮ׿ĵطɸоޱȣڸ


2748 ʦ
ʦָոѹ˻Ǿ޴Դͷ߿һۣЩƣعͷȥսĿȥܿͷֱĸǵĸѣүүͳ϶ʶģǸȻǶˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʦֱ˽Ųһž޴Ļ棬սȦ֮˹ȥ
ֻǻδȶʦ˵ߣűһҺߴǱߴ˹ǶһүүĺϣɳȥԶ
㣬һæүү˹ȥӵϲϸһϵ·ȫ鲼Ƭ״˿ܲ󱳡
ÿүүΪǺܲģҪͨˣһȥҪķ˲ɡ
˿Ƿˣһֱҵʹɱ֣ô˵ҸүҲǹʽǿ˼ҵķݶϣҲɱǡ
ǿүүȻôص֣ҾͲܵˡ
ܵ˴̼̫ˣǿҸĹϵһʫʱҸү֮Ҳ޷ΪΪᣬһˣҸүдʫҲ򵥣㷢˶Ҹޱȵ˼֮֮⣬һײͷʫҸ̵֣һǡٻ˼˵ҸүֻҸһˣǶᣬһϵûС
ǿҵĴ̼֮£ͷˡ
ǵүү˳֮󣬶ʦֺܿӭȥʦȼյܻ棬һͶᣬ㽫Ƕ˷׷ױˡ
ʦԴʬʵʬ֮󣬺ֱǿ࣬ǸͷˣϵЩҲȼյʢкö״ĻڣЩȼյ̫ʢǺϲһ޴ʦ־һž޴Ļ棬ףܸܵɢǿ֮
Ҳ˵ʦԭȼյЩֱӺϲһ޴Ļ棬ɱ֮ǿࡣ
ʦһȥǶʱɫȻûмô׶Ļޡ
ͳ˺üʦֱӾͳŶ˹ȥ
Ŷỹʮ׵ʱ򣬶ʦһſڱһԪ֮Ԫ֮ȥϵһڣŨ̹
ʧɫеķһʱʯԪȥȻȴԪֱ֮ճӷۣŶȥ
ἲ˼еķٴһֳ˺֮ɫֱ÷ǶʦԪ˹ȥ
һը֮󣬷Ԫ֮ϣеǰķȻҲԪȼˣյž졣
һԪʱı˹켣˵ϣ䡱һȼһž޴Ļ⣬𣬷Բʮ׵ĵطյһƬڡ
ʦһͻȻô浣ҸүķӸˡ
ʦôͣҲмּɵٿǰȥǳ˹
ʦָǵĸоǣֻһܽǶ㶨
үүôӿүүеʵ
ġƤˡ˲ûȫ֣һ˼ġүү˵
ˣƤүүΪԵģΪܹס
Ȼүү˵ⶫᲢûķ裬˼ѣͷϣûʲôִ硣
æѦС߸ҵҩۣүүĺϣȰֹסѪ˵
ʦڲסʱҲڳ˷ŶƮɢȥΪǶ㲻ˣֻҪ䣬뿪ұöʦֲΪѴˡ
ϾҸүһϵҲʦҲҪ
ĳ룬ⶫеҪ࣬ǰѱյЩڵķֱӿٵ̤˹Ĳθ󽣷һƮΧŶʦתȦӣʦ϶Щ棬ΧŶߣȴҲʼ䲻ϣЩˡ
үүŶٶϵʹЩʵᵽʲôˣΪȻ
үүղſ϶ҲˣʮҸү֮ǰʲôҲֻ̫֪Ϊ˸үΪᣬǶԸүү̼ܴ󣬲ŻЩʵЩƫִ֮⣬ƷҸүү


2749 ȥ
үү˵ͷûжԣǶĹĽŲƶʲôͻȻ⡭ǲǿĶᰡ
ҶʱһŵĺߣүүЩ֪Ҽǵ˵Ƕģѵүүղûȥ
ǿĶᡣҵ
ⶫصеΪĽĶ֮һֻǳƵĿڽ¶棬ҿղʹõĽʩչĹزЩǿľ󽣷ԭүӻֹϵүү˵
Ǽ˵ʱ򣬶ʦֿЩˣǱǶĲԺˣϵĻζž޴ԴһӣڲͣĵͺϵĻ治ȴҲմǶϡ
Ҫ˵үүо飬üͷֵһʮķţǽⲽҲеֶΣʩչ󲽷һ󣬽ֻ޸УⷨõѾˣǽ϶ĸ֣ΣңҲа취ơ
үүĻҺͳ춼һ
ԭΪʦܹʰǶᣬԭᾹȻа취ʦָס
үүĻһ䣬ҲͷסĶʦ鿪ʼЩãײܻȴֻһԲʮ׵ķΧ֮ڲͣתȦӣôҲ߲
ʱ򣬶ѾֶֹͣΣΪ֮һ٣㳯ٴ˹
еǰѷĩβյЩڣϾһѳķӦû𻵣Ҳöʮջˡ
һǶһ߷ŭ˵Ϊųһֻ޾κεƶᣬҲ̫Сǿֶˡ
ʱүүѾ˲ᣬսˣٴεǰᣬҲˣһǷŵӣĿɱ䣬Ͳ·潵ô
ЦһƶһӶھ޴ʹ֮УΨһһҲûˣʲôܱʹģʮ˲ҲƶܵĿ࡭ҵˣǷƶ̫ˣϹȻô飬ƶɱĺ󣡡
˵ţٴλŷų˹һҧֱӴһѻƶǻƶȥ̣֮ÿһŻƶ˽ʿа֮ڣŶɱȥ
üͷһۣм¼ҵֶһһˣŪЩпõĶƶķۣ
˵ţǶὫһʱǧ˿ߣЩĽʿϲƶȥ
һ˲䣬ʮʿ㱻˿߲סһּ䣬ЩʿһƬҺл˷̣ΪΡ
ţǰ罣ʿ֮У֮䣬ЩʿҲƬĵ£һŵỊ̇ûӰ
үүһ㽹ĸ˵СšϽȥ棬ЩСѶйֻһѾͷ֣Ҳܽˣ
԰ҵ˷֮İչһǣǵΪһϹ̸ųҲܽⶫߡ
һֲԣûΪû˴죬ҸⷨΪҪͷܳġ
үүȥ˰ɣڳ˷󡣡ε
үүŷӦæðɡ㿴ֻܲܽ޷ųҳȥˣټһҺܿ
˵ţүүƬ̵飬ȻˣҲҧһ·ŷķ񱼶ȥգۼĹܳԶ
үүԶȥƿӺͶᣬ˶ʦֵԱߣҪʱͻȻһεĞųסˣͽ˶᲼õ
ڵһ㣬Ҳ޷ǿ޷⿪Ǭ˱ңʬ߸óʱͷð
ոǬ˱ҵȺܿٴƮɶ۳Σվҵһࡣ
СŸ硭ȥԸǸ˰ɡСȵ
ͷʢôҲĵ˵
ʮûģֵܼүүͺáСɫɷ׵˵ҿϲкɫɷƮɢ
֣ҲСˣĹͻɢˡ
һȽʬ߸óⷨ󣬽ʦָųҲвͨʬרſƹǬ˱ʬߵ֮ᱻһóȿ϶ʬɵˡ


2750 һ
գҿһСȣȥæɣŲס˾͸ϽǧԼ
Сȵ˵ͷ㲻ٶԣֱӻһɺɷŶƶȥ
ͷʢСȵֶΣеǷ𷨣ϵķ֮׾ܹѹסСȡ
㣬Сȵļ룬Ҳӽ˺ôһѹ
ҾãСȰæǿ϶Ҳֲ˶೤ʱ䣬ûз֣ⶫᾹȻôߵΪȻȲҸүҲӽϵĶλл̿֡
վһԣҲﲻʲôæֻܸżۿʱһһĹȥÿһӶҸо쳣
үõȻǺܴ󣬶үסطڷмλãүүٶȣأҲҪСʱϡ
ҾӹǼֲСʱ
ͻȻ䣬Сȳ˶һ࣬һ֮϶ʱʮüӣŶ˹ȥῴûеķһЩͷӶʱɢһأҲˡ
²ֻϧֵĲʱ򣡡һߣ˷ֽӡĬ˼ʲôƾһâţγһġd֣Сײ˹
СɫʱһƬҰף±Ҳҵ飬æٴλһɺɷ߷˹
Сһ¾Ǭ˱Ҷһġd־ͳҳײ˹
ŵˣǸ޷㿪һӡײһţԭΪԼᱻɳȥǵǵӡײϵʱ򣬾Ȼûܵκ˺ֻǴϴ˹ȥܿɢ֮С
ⷨӡרŶԸģ첻ʲô˺ȴŵҲᡣ
ȸһ۷ͻȻҾһ֮߹
ӳŶȥһŽǱ˰˳к˰׻ޡ
Ǳ˰ʱ˰ͻȻ˻һĺɫȫŶϯȥ
ⶫΪǿɱУҲòԴź˼ٵ˷ͷæ˫ֽ˺üӡкȵ䣬а
Ŵ˫֮ϵķɳ˼ġd֣Щ˰Ʈɢ˹ȥ
Щ˰ȫײһâ˸ġdϣͬʱȼȻͬʱ
ʧɫ΢һ£ֱĶɱȥ
һۿųеĽҪϣһѽߵķץǰһ˦òڳеϣһһ֮䣬еʱֶɣͬʱҲŶȥ
ʱ򣬶ͻȻһƾͳӵϴ˹ȥ
һҺߣӱ㱻˳ȥڵء
ӣҾһæȥӵϲǴѪɫһƬҰף۾ȴֱֱĿŶķ
һͷȥʱ򣬷ֶѾ罣˹
ҵĸ첲һѣ䳶СŸ硭ҾҲһë
һԹŮĶƶỹΪСӶһƬڿʱû뵽ȴϲɵĸĺ
˵ţеĳȴ׼Һͳ졣
ᣬôѾˣȻоȻϣʮãһѲѵҲҪһôҲҪõҵ˵һ𣿡ӲˣҲȥˣȻ
Ѿߵߣý˳Ĳϣʱһץס˶Ľ⣬׼ҵؿڣֵҪɱɱңһϵûС
һӡǰƶǵϹһӣ˭˵һӵȲã
֪ľ仰ִ˶ңٴαļ֮бޱȣٴκۿ
ᡭ֪ҸүһƬģҸүҸ̣飬˭Ҳ˵׻˵ǿŤĹϲ𣬼ܸҸүһҸүҲ㣬Ϊˣ͸徻նϷԵһУҸүѾˣΪ˶ԸգһƴģΪ˶ѵ㻹˺ʬô
ҡҡͷе罣ǰһƣֱҵĿϣƤ⣬ʱѪ˳۵üͷһû˿
㲻Ҫ˵ˡҲšϹôûҡҪȻҲҡƭӣҪɱ㣡


2751 Һÿడ
ᱻҵĻ̼Щ񾭴ңԽԽе罣ٴǰ̽һأҵѪ֮УоѾ߹ǣѪ˳ŵĽ
СŸ硭ӻҪǰһץסĸ첲ʾҪһӦⲻãһĸңֱӶһѡ
ȻҵİΣǱһƣ˲ᣬǷҲ𲻵̫ãпһ˿ƶɫѡҡ
ᱻҵĻ̼ˣ޿˵ܡܡϹôûҡġƭҡ
ᣬ㲻ҪˣҸүԸ񣬼Ǹ·ҲȵġʲôʵҸүֻһˣҪȻҲĹдʫˣҲҪҸ̺һҲ롣Ҹүҵߣ˼ߵʱ򣬿һֶûᵽ㣬ˣ絶һ㣬ϴ̼Ŷᡣ
쳤Х棬ϹĵĞųʱҺͳ쵯˳ȥҺ˫˫ڵء
ǶᱻҴ̼ѾӽڱıԵһһЦﻹ߶Ҹүд̵ʫһ֮ǶͻȻɫŭҵУƶһӶϹϣƶҪһɱԹŮ
˵ţŽٴγĽҪϵʱͻȻЦһ㻹ֿֿЦ
ʲô˼ңɱڡ
ʵҲãҸүҲûκѪԵϵүϵĸɶӣүһŮʬﻳĹ̥үȻˣүһֱ˼ҵӿԣҸ˼ûκѪԵϵ𶼱ˣ˵ЦЦ˵⻰ʱɴһ˿Ц
˵ʱ򣬶᳹ױˣӻΣһΣûٴ޴Ц֮еķŭͱһɨ⣬ûκɣеĽҲķȥתȥһ¾
һ̣ҿʼⶫЩˣıӰǰоһӾͱͿˣɥʧһɡ
ϹƭҺÿడЩҲƭҵġҺÿడ
˵ţǶӰĳԶȥȥŶȥҺͳ˫֣ҴϢǶڣ۷ɱˡ
ֻЩĶˣû˼ǣҸоЩˣҺЩܹᵽʱ˿̵顣
ǵ£Ҳûҵʬ壬ΪţʵҲ֪ȥ϶ǻˣȴҲȥһ£Ҿ룬ţҵʱ뷨ЩȻûܸҸүһ𣬵ҸүϾţֻҪ˻ڣͻͷ룬ǸүͻȻ֮ˣеκϣ˲ܲʵܲҸү̺ᣬǿҸүỴָ̈ӵоһⶫһӾͱˡ
˸ү֮ã˳飬ɼǰжҸүûһ˿㺣һֻỴ̈ȷǹġ
ƵǰʮһƮ˼׿ĵطȻٴһ˾ͲӰ
һЩղŵĻ˵Щˣһⶫһʱ벻Ѱ˶̼ҵɾʹˡ
ǸղֲòôҪȻҺͳ춼ûġ
ȶӰûӰҺӽ񾭲ų׷ɵȫһ
ʱҲӣ˵زأ
û¶ͺˡȷ˼ûжҶɱģֻ˴̼ˡ
˵Ҳŷ
СŸ硭ؿڴѪæֹѪҩҵ˿ϡ
Ѫֹ˿ڣһЩ£ʱĽǰףСͱˣҲǼһ
Ҳû¶ȫƤˡҵ
˵ţ㿴ǰҴ˼˵Ӱүүһչɹˡ
أȥˣүүһЩŵ˵
ˡûã˵˼ݻ̼Щʧˡҵ
СŸ硭԰ûΪҲƾ粻֮ཫлˣҵĸ硣չЦ


2752 ֻʣһ
չڸ˵ЦȴЦˣһֱö治ʲô֮ˣղҲͷǰٶ˵ȥЩǵһģֱ˿Ρ
˵ҸʱҵʱЩߵҵҲ֪ܵ£ңҲѾҵĵף˹Ҳٹӡ
˿̣ҵЩ䣬ӱǼһ¸ղŷ飬үү̾Ϣһ˵龪һϣһ
˵ҲΪⶫˣүӳһƬϧ˭˵׼أҪȻҲô鰮Ĺ
үү˵⻰ʱЩ룬ʲôһ㡣
ϢһһǱǽүĹײķŽںõĹѨ֮Уһ˺ôһذ
󣬰չִӲԶɽһʯͷû𾫳һһĹչүүǿȦ̵ֽģɥ˽ֱܶ࣬Ҹү͸̵֣˷ڣ֮ϡ
æʱүүǬ˱ȡ˷ʬߣ᲼õסʦֵǸƽˣʦ˳Сһѽʦץүүİ£Ǭ˱
ûΪȻǬ˱Ҷ򲻿ˣǹߵġ
ү͸̺֮ȴһ׮ԸҲǸүԡ
һ˳ŷͷ˼ͷ뿪ˡ
û뵽үỹᣬⶼܲ
뿪ʱͻȻֻүġֵܡǣʼգſڷͷһ࣬һղǸȥҲûκηӦ
үȥͷĴҲܴҪ˵Ǹүһ𳤴ģȹͬһ̡
ͷǰһۣЩĲ£˹ȥС˵Ҹү͸Ѿһˣվˣȥһ죬ҲҪ̫˻ҸүˣûӦ㣬һ뿪
ǰſڵϣԴ˫֮䣬һûпһۡ
һٶ꣬ѾǣȻ˵Կ϶ûʲô⣬϶֪˵ʲô
ûлӦҽֵһߣߵĻھ뿪ߵĻɾֻʣһˡ
˵ʱǰŴӷڣջĿ⣬һۣҡҡͷȻ̧һֻצӣָǷڣ
ȻڲԣҲ˼뿪Ҫλ˵ķڣ
ȻǰⷨѰҲҲ̫İοֻ˵ʲôѵĻ͵ҶѦҩȥǣҲڣ϶Ҳܹ㣬ˡҳǰһֵ
ΰûңٴתͷȥǱߵķڣ
εҡҡͷк뿪
˷֮лǳޱȣڣҲЩܲ˸үѾȥʵĿɽɽҲˣûκΪ治֪Ժ·ôߡ
һ·֮ϣ˶ЩƵţҲ˵ĳ죬ȥѦҩ̸ˣȻҲүүһȥ
үүҡҡͷ˵ȥˣ˲أһʼѪ裬ѾָĲˣʣµȫƤˣԼܸ㶨
үүʲôţүү˵Ѿ뿪ص飬ص˸߸ڴ壬סǼҵլԺڸ߸ڴˡ
˵æһӣ˳Է˯ʱ֮⣬еʱһоͦãȹһʱ䣬ͷһ㣬Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
үүȻ˵ɣһܹ֮пһ˿į֮ɫϾصô꣬ͻȻʲô¶ҲˣһʱӦˡ
ʵүү޷ܵľֻһǴĳһս飬׿Ŀ
үүȻȥҲûǿֻǽүү͵˸߸ڴ壬ǱֱҶȣϵƻûȫҲ뿪һǣûΪңʮΣա
صѦҩû죬ұ㿪ʼ֮ǰΪﵽһֵǷ켫ĵزܹƴغϵңٴУЩˮɵĸоһʼеʱ࣬ûϼӦ˞ų


2753 ծ
֮ᵽڵĴûΪĻ治Уȫ׸Լ˺Ů˶ˣ޷ġ
¹ܹܶԼΪָʢʱڣܵһô򵽵ʵս飬ܹҵΪͻͽġ
ЩѦҩ̣ѦС߿УһЩҩţ壬ܹҸõС
ںҶִ˰£оָ˺ܶ࣬ҲϣǬ˱ܹԼ⿪ˣȻΪ൱ڳߣǬ˱ﻹжʦֺСȣʵףһéɽϹҲκβҵġ
ָĲʱ˸үһУ˵һˣѫסŸ߸ڴ岻Զһӣʯ壬ǸҲȥȷʵŸ߸ڴ岻̫ԶҼǵиͬѧǸӵġ
Щ꾭żңĴҲûȥǸط
ү˵ӽѫһΪûУ֮ͳ˷꣬үҲûô棬Ŀıǲĺ漰Ƿǡ
үҵ飬ȫ˿϶ҪȥƵģûʲôܹﵽү˵ĵط
ȻѪҲҵˡ
һ糿԰緹ұ˳죬һѦҩ̣˶ڵ±ˣҪȥ費Ҫֵһȥ˵ãүǰһ飬ҹȥһ£ܼ򵥣ȥͻӸңõġ
˵˲ŷӵѾȬΪǺܲģһжʦֺСϡ
Ǳˣҿųӱ㳯ʯȥˡ
һ·ʮ˳Ҹ㵽ʯ壬˴֮ǿڴڵСſΧżˣʲôӡ
һ˵Ǽҿɲˣôţ϶ҪԲٿͷ
ǰЩ˳ɷģһͲʲôˡ
Һͳ㳯Щ˹ȥİ˳˹Щ˱ֹͣ죬߿
мˣ۾ͣĳųɨӲ˳
Ͼǳֳ׵Ĵ椲ϻһӢˬʡ
߹ȥЩϲʶһѫˡ
⻰һʳڣǼ˲һʮ˾ʵҵ̫үʲô
ֱ˸ѣ˵ûʲôǼҵԶݣ·˳㿴˼ңüǰһΣǼʲôطˡ
һ˵˵ɫŷŻһЩ̾ϢһȰڻǲҪȥˣҵ鷳ˣСʱ֮䣬һҵңһ֣ϻҴծģڹȥ˵Ҳһ𰤴򡣡
Һͳһۣôôɣһ¶
ұֵҵʲô飬˼ܸܲ˵˵ȻԶݣҲӲܰ
˵ѫԶĸײأҲԣǰǰ󿴲˼ʮˣһϴѧ˵Ϊ˸ĸ׿һȸûǮֱˡӽҪǲǮϣǺѹһء
üͷһٴʵ˼ң鷳˵˵ǼʲôطϹȥơ
ͷߣǼҺܺҵģſڴͣſڿ϶һȺڿ֣ҿǻ߰ɣȺ治ǣٹͷȰ
л˼ң½˳죬ų㳯Ŵͷٵʻȥ
вʱڴӵͷ濴һ˼ſΧŲˣſڻͣ
ҽͣǼſڣһ˳
һ³ǼſڴµʲôϽԶ㣡ҪȻһ򡣡
Χſڵ˶ʱһɢһƬ
Һͳ˳㿴ſڴվ󺺣ϴ·̣첲Ͳ϶һһ⣬ϻϴֵĴӡ
һǳſȥ󺺶ʱǿͬʱҲɨһĳӡ
⳵͸ҵģһǼֵƣǧ򼶱
һǳɫһ䣬һͷб۾Ǹɶģ
ļһų첻ɨһɫࡣ
һã߸ݣǸɶģ΢Цʵ


2754 ôȥ
ôģǸɶģҳǰɣһϹŴӵŭ
΢ҪǰһסĸǴ˵˵Զݣ˵ģ˭
ˣǷǵǮҪ˵ģݵ˵ɣڸϽԶ㣬ҪȻɲˣǴֵ
ҸҪ˵ʱԱһļһ˵ǽȥɡ
ǴЩ˵磬ⲻ¶ô
ҲᣬǼһųͳԺȥǸļһ˵Сɵôûǿʲô⳵һͼֵƣǮû뵽ԶôȻôǮݣԶûɶǮݿ϶а
˵ȴҲҾնס
һߵԺ㿴ʮδվԺ
ʮδ󺺵мΧһʮĺӣһɫ
Ա߻һʮ긾Ů޿䣬һֱ˵ĵĻٿݼ졭֮Ļ
ڲԶһͷ׷ͷһʯͷϣﻹһչΡΡ۾һֱʮδ󺺣ǳݣƶۣȥаˡ
ϸͷһۣӦþҸүĶѫ˰ɣһΪûС
˵үӵļҿǹƵģڸ߸ڴļҲưܺܶ࣬°Ǻɫשʯṹ滹ݶϵƬҲǲβ룬üɫӦ޲˺öΡ
һϷӣ˵ҲʮʷˣǸ߸ڴ壬ϷӼûˡ
û뵽ҸүĺȻңһɱ֮⡣
Һӽ֮Щƺûע⵽ǵĴڣһŹͷͷһֻͷĺӵģޣǵǮ׻
ʵûǮĸزڻҽԺȫˣǣٸһµʱ䣬취ǮǴ룬ұ֤һǡ
˵ӦԶ棬ѫӱ
⻰һ˵ڣʮȫٺЦˡ
磬ûУһղŸ˵ɶǮذɣһӼЦ
ǹͷŻͷǸһϵĺ΢΢˼£һƾͳԶϣԶŲ£ˤ˵ϣȴֱԱߵһһţֱſ˵ϡ
Щջ𣬻ҪǰֹЩˣٴνסʾһ˵ȿ
ǡǲܴ˰취ǮϾˡԶŴǰҪԶһֱӽһƵڵأǹԶһû¶
ģǲǰǵɿõˣǮ֮ǰģ¶ȥˣǮͷ˺üҪòʮǮӾҪǻ糯Զһţ۵ԶŶӣ亹
ʮ򡭡£Ǯͱʮ򡭡ôȥԶ־ŭ
ģ⻰ô˵ģֽ֣Ƕдĺúõģôͱأ˵ţǻóһݺͬԶǰ˻Ρ
ԶһǲǸ˵֮Ǯô˵֮ҲŽǮģôһӱʮ򡭡Ҳ̫ˡ
ֶֽдأҪ־͹϶ʶ֣ûϸͬ˭˵ĻǮٺһЦ
ǡһȺƭӡǿԶſڵϣܻ˵
ģ¹ô˵Ǯ뻹ҲУ컢ҾͶһֻ֣һµϢȻٸ㼸ʱ䣬´λͶһֻ֣ôŶӣһŪŪˣҿô׻ǻҧ
ҡҸƴˡծԶӵͳŻ˹ȥǻһžʹԶĿڴ߷ڵأģôףȸҴһ˵
ʮӶʱǰȥҪԶһ
ԶϱʱǰٴαһƿʱһֱʯͷϵѫΡΡ˹ﻹ˹չһٶҲȥˣҲҪǰæ
ʮ׳ȫȥԶ棬ҲҪϰʱҸɿһͻȻȵȣ
˶һ㶣תͷҺߣȫͣеĶ
ðĲ֪Ķ¶Ҳҹܣǻ翴ҵ


2755 û
ǷǮծ쾭壬Ǵ˾ͲˣǷǮǰ˼
Ǻ϶ʱһ˿Ц˵ϡӽûвģѾ֪ǷǶǮô㻹ô
ʱԶӵЩ㶵ĿңȻ֪˭϶ơ
ŹչѫүҲûƵۿߣЩɻ
ҾֱԶ˹ȥӵϲеغ壬ǶǮ
塭顭ҽԺſڣҽ費ǮҲʵûа취ˣ͸ȥǮĸ׵ǮʱҲǻͷˡʵûа취˵õº򡭡ȴҪʮ򣬾ɱҲûôǮԶ
ҵͷ΢΢һЦԶ¶һӣǮҲûж룬Ⱥ˾һȺŸģǳϹϵ¶˵ˡ
磬ǰɣǮһҿǻ
ã֣ʮóɣǮ̾ߣǻЦĳ֡
СŸ磬ǣǵóѣվߣЩŭ˵
ϡӳˮĿ˳ϣɨһۣĿ֮ȫ̰֮ɫ촽Ц˵ǮҲУҪ漸죬˵绹Ǯءٺ١
ҵ棬͸ҵϷӣĵӿ治СʱұɱģӸǺƱҪǰ֡
סĸ첲ûǬ˱ʮǮݸǻʮ
һЩǮʱ۾һܺĳɨۣǴͳʮģϷƵġ
æ֣ӹеǮʱֻһģϻЦ⣬æ˵˵
ӹǮ֮һǮһţ֤һα
Ǯ϶ģҵǬ˱֮ʱ̶һǮ˵Ҳһٶƽʱ߽ҲٲǮ
ǮҾͲˣһˬˣٺ١Ц˵תֿվһԶ棬ģǵһˡ
˵ţһ֣Ҫк뿪
ȵȡ¶ûаء΢Ц˵
ʱ쿴ңЩ⣬ЩҲ׷׿ң֪⡣
㻹ɶ罫ǮݵߵһУɻʵ
ͬأ֡
һЦ˵ҾȻ¶ˣͬ㣡
ţ㽫ǺͬҶ˹ֽסһԵԶ棬ԶˣæʵλСֵܡ˭Ǯ㻹ء
Ұ˰֣ʾԶȲҪ˵ٴο˻磬Ǯ㿴˰ɣ
˹ˡծһʹֵԺȱǮãԵϳһ磬ǰ׵ģҾһˡЦỹǮð¶
˵ţ˱Ҫ뿪
ȵȡֵ
»ԵЩˣת˵λѣʲô¶㲻һ˵꣬Ҹʱ䣬ҪȥҪء
𼱣ǵ˻ûҵ
Ƕôɻ
ղǮ飬Ǹ˵ˣղһƣһţһ¶ʮǮң뿪΢Ц˵
˵Ⱥֵܶʱɫ
˺һЦһб۾˵Ƕǲǻˣ
뻹ǮҲУչҳһƣǮҾͲҪˡҵ
ô߳ŭ߷߹һţ΢΢һ˹ȥǰһգʱһƾͳŻϳ˹ȥ
žһ죬类Ҹķ˳ȥһԴ˵ϣڱѪҳĶȦˡ
ȻոտʼУɱϾҲǸߣʮ˶˵㲻ʲô
Ҳû뵽һҴǻ磬Ҳסˡ
˻Դòײ³һѪĭӣź
ģŸʲô򣬴ҵģ翪ʼŭɶ
ЩŸļһʱӦ˹˴ϳذף㳯Һͳ˹
򡭡򡭡лú˵Զǣæĵ
ЩŸﻹĽȥ׷״˹
ҺͳһЦһҽнһӲЩȫ˴ſ˵ϣѣûһ


2756 ʧ
ſڴŵļһԺĶæҲų˹Ǹӵļһﻹſڴץһ˨ͳ
żһ㣬ӵϾ˰שͷһ±ˣֳ˺üݣ˿ǰӱ㽫еһһһ˹ȥ
ҽУ˱ϥǣ˵ϣǺһ˱ӣѪֹűڵϴ
翴ô£ԵΪԾܿ˵˵ôôĵӣԭӣУҵţ
˵ţŴӵкЩڵϵ˾Ҫ뿪ҿ첽ϣ˻ǰЦ磬ż߰ǵ˻û
㵽ʲôҵȫǴˣ㻹ǻҵ
ҶԸ˵һּǱȶ˻Ҫǲϲ۸ôҾ۸ǵףҲǳ۸ζ
Ļ䣬һٴγϣڵأ߹ȥһŲؿڣЦ˵磬ղŸ˵ˣ壬һƶʮ򣬻һţܹʮղʵʵıҴһ٣ǮҾͲҪˣǳƽȴ¶Ƕ֣ܵ˲СţټʮľʧѣһʮǮ
СӣҪ̫й˲Сı󰤺ǹһ磬ԺܵģǹԹԵĿͷүῼǷһǻ練ǿʼвҡ
۾һУ˫ҿǻһٱŴʮƣֱǻֵ˺üǻĵˡˡǮҸ
˵Ҳ֣ͣٺЦˣαضЩͷ
翴ңصĴϢ˼Щ¸ղųԹ˿ͷ֪ǵĶ֣ȫվһԣûٸǰ
λѣУһݺϳô꣬ͷһα˺ڳԺڣǾ͹ĺˣǵֱǻڣǺǮиĿ⾫ʧô¶ЩƵ˵
һ̧֣Ҫ򣬻汻Ҵˣæֵ򡭡Ҵ绰һ˸Ǯ
˵ţǻֻͨһ绰˵硭ʯˣӣǶſˣڸҪʮǸϽǮɡ
ûü绰Ǳ˵ʲôžͰѵ绰ˡ
˵绰֮󣬻ʱһˣȻҴңȴЩЦǶǾţһ˸ǮͿǸҲҪˡ
ղŴ绰Ҿ֪ˣСӲǮȥȱˡ
ҳŻЦЦЩգϳôҲҵĵͷҵҪܰʲôȱ¶éɽƽҹҲá
ԽԽԶЩˣߵҺͳߣС˵λǵʲô˰ҿǻǸϽ߰ɣһǿ϶ˣҪȻ߲ˡ
壬ģ¶ģܸܲǰЪЪ΢Цŵ
ԶԾĿһۣǵǿҪһ㣬϶ƣǴðˣô¶еĴ
һ£Щ̫ĵ˵λǡ
壬ģµģǿ϶ƽ˲ߣȸŵɡҵ
ȻԶ滹Щ̫ģȴǻص
ϵӶ˺üֲϵģɼǼж׾ݣҶЩᡣ
ݺһϳ֮Ϊµһĸүô۸ӡ
Һһһ׷ſڣŻеǮ
ʱſڴֵԽԽ࣬ſǽͷϣԺơ
ʱ䲻һСʱ֮Ժ洫˼ѵ죬ſڴʱÿһ·
ţһŴͷŻʮĺ˽Բ׳ֱۿҴȶ֣̫Ѩ߸߹һӡ
硭ǹˡ
һǻ׳ǻǿ˾ǣűҴϸߵӭͳź˹ȥ
Ǻ翴һۣ׺ݵĿʱ߿˹
˭ҵĵֵ֣վǺ
ңŶȣЦе˵


2757 Ǯ
ǿУȫԵʣǺϵ׺֮ɫƽϢҵǶʲô·ҵ˶Ҵ֪˭𣿡
Բһ治֪Ҳ֪Ҿһ⣬Ǯô΢Цŵ
˵ʵҲȷʵʶʲô磬ΪЩ˺ҸһȦģҲûȤȥʶǡ
翴ӣ۾˸׺֮ɫ޲ýҸˣЦһǮʲôǮûܴһǮҵˣóǮ߲طˡ
ҺǺһЦ˵Ǵ绰ǮңһȣóһҾͷߣ
ô֣Ū
Ҳסˣָߵ׳ͳ˹
׳һӣϵļ۵ֱʮȭŵĸ֣·硣
ǸʲôȻҴ˹˵й֮
ۿǾҪߵҵߵʱұҪһУʱȴһվҵǰ棬˵СŸ磬ǽˡ
ҵ˵ͷʾӦʣڵոջָĲˣΪҲ¿ʼȻԸһﲻ⣬ҲҪһЩȻӾͲһˣ˿̵ΪҪһ࣬ҪԸһСһ
߸ϰ֮˻кܴģȫһ֮ϡ
ӻǺҵġ
£һվһ£ֳһ˿ļ֮ɫ
ô֣һεεСǴͲǽˣһŴͷ׳ҵ
ϻȴ˵ҪܴĹСүҽ͸ǿͷҪǮҸǶ١Һĵ˵
ֽɫӾʰ٣Ѵ֮һ㣬һʮĵġ
翴ų죬ȣЦһãôˣҵ´򲻹⽿εεСӣһҾ˫ַϣˣСӲҪǮҪ漸죬ô
ӳ̫ÿˣپ£Ļ𱬣ǸӣƶҪ˼Ҫӵ⣬ҵĻʱˣҪ˵ЩʲôӱãҴӦ㣬ֻҪҴ򷭣㴦þǡ
ãˬ죡ҽûǮ׬ܵõһεεӡ˵ţĴ˫֣޼ɵɨ̾ܽӵ뻳һ˷ܵϱ鶼ЩŤ
ˣֱûûأӴˣҪȻͲˡַԸµ
ģзִ硣һųĴֵ
ӣҲ۸㣬һҪǴңֵϣôǸͷսȭͷ죬Żһ½ǡ
㣬һϾͺãʡ鷳վǲм˵
ӣҪΪЩȭţ㲻˷ҿǵ˺üֱֵʮҪСˡ
˵ţǴͷлɰȭͷӵСһȭ˹һȭȷЩͣվһۿȭͷҪϵʱȻ֣һץסǴͷеӣôƾձһסôǴͷд󾪣û뵽һεεӣȻܹô֮࣬ǴͷæһֻȭͷӵĲȥ
֪ӵʵ֮Ǵͷбû֣ҪһȭӴιȥ
ʱͻȻţһĽ״ӵҲͬʱ
ʵһĻʱͷˣǴͷշڰ֮תһʮȵĴȦݺݵ˵ϡ
ֻһУǴͷб㱻ûκм֮ſڵϹˤȦˣһû
ڳ˶ˣ׷׳ӿȥЩȥһСȴһϵ׳ģּ죬֮⣬ƶû˿γУ˾ſ˵ϡ
ɫһ¾ͺˣһﻹСǰλεεӡ
ĶϣСĵ㣡ǳ˵
ǳе˵ͷȻһذףˣ£ӽ졣
ʮǶһӣѰϵ


2758 㿪ǹ
һվϴһ˿޵Ц⣬֪ӵЦʲôͲмһ˵ЦݣЩϰ֮ߵУҲǱͨǿôһ㣬˶ѡ
ܿ죬ǳб㿿˳죬һͳ壬ֱӳųС˹ȥٶȺܿ죬ٿҲ޷ӣһ֮䣬Ӿ͵ǳе󣬷һžͳƨһš
ǳл֪ô¶շŵĵأǰļ϶Ǳסˡ
һһһУûжֶΣǺӣͱ׾ٵĸŵˡ
£ڳ˸ǾȵĿɿڴӶ˳
Ǻ磬ɫһƬҰף亹ð˳ҲôҲ벻ԼӣȻһεεĴǰһжȥ
Ƭ֮Ǹڵصĳдӵһģ̲סЦǵĴǿĵ˺üţ촽ˣѪֹ
³һѪĭӣոûõǸͷʹһɫ˷˺ݣ¶ɱذףһɱ˹ȥ
ܹĳ¶ǼѪȵģ̺ɱֻɱ˵ˣŻɱ
ݸһЦҡҡͷ˵ҪҿԣǾ͹ֲˡ
һֱɱվһۿǵĵӿҪ̵ϵʱӲſٵ˫ֱַֻ֣ץסǵذ׵ӣ͵ĳмһգ˱ݺݵײһ
顱һ죬˵Դһ𷢳죬һԶᡣ
һ£һͱײˣţӱ㽫Ǹ˦˫һɣͷɳȥ߰Զڵء
˱ȥ֮󣬾ҲûǱӸ˹ȥ
翴æкЩŸ£ſڵķȥվһ
һϸͷŮȻܹٽ׳ɳȥ߰ԶЩ˿϶š
ѾɵˣͷһſڵѾȥ£ֿ˿վڲԶ΢ЦŵӣЩ̫Լ۾
磬Ǯôһڸػ͹վЩĴȣǺ˹ȥ
һĭ˼˺˵ŹϣֵȫӸߣ
ţæʹЩ£СеĻеſЩֵȫ˳ȥ˳㽫ǲƵԺҲˡ
ЩĵĿһۣ֪Ҫʲôá
ҡҡͷʾģЩˣ㲻ʲô
磬ȫˡɭɭһЦһĲ⡣
ʱҼǺͻȻֳźȻһλεǹֱӶ׼ҵСӣӹ£ҪȻھͱŲţ
罫ǹ֮󣬵ȷһյģ˵ҲͰˣȻǹ
ֻһ㶣Һܿͻָƽ΢΢һЦ˵磬ϻˣôܲأղǿ˵ˣһǴˣҪóһģٴǹô¶
ӹ£ҺҪǮˣôûءҧ
Ҳҿǹǹһ죬ϳжţȣһñȥȲ裬Ϳǹԡ˵ţұ˽ŲǺ˹ȥ
Щǵסҵĸ첲СŸ硭
û£Ҳҿǹҿһӵ
˵ʵڻĸأֻҪ漰ǹ飬ǾԶǴҪֻҪ￪ǹˣ϶Բ˶ߣǳıӵ
һôĵӳȥǺϵ亹ˣֱӴ˱죬ٹ濪ǹˣ
Ѿһǹԣһ˵ţһ߳˹ȥ
ңôֲûɱˣ˵仰֮֮һĨɱ㿪ǹˡ
ʱһɺɷͻȻƮǺߣϲ˹ȥ
ǵɺɷСȣҸٻ˳Ϊ˶Ըġ
Ϊã޷ٰ˲ҲòջֶΣֻСȳ
ֻҪСȲ˿ӰǿģԲϢƮɵǺߣҿǺǱұƼˣпǹ˼ԲŻô
СȷǵɺɷһӣǱһ£гǹҲ˵ϡ


2759 ð
֪ʲô飬һֻӲҽãȻĳܿȥʲô
ʱҿ첽ǰһߣǺ߷˳ȥ۵ŶӣӹϺף۵亹ֱð
ǺԱߵûһٸǰǣߵӶôǾ͸ҵĶˣҲִֻķݶ
߷֮һǰӽ󣬽ǰǹ߷˳ȥ
һŲ˺ؿϣЦ磬Ǯ׸أ
絹ҲӲǸڶֵǰݶҧСӣôֽ֣ŪңֻҪһһڣҼɱ㣬Ҳ˵Ķƾˡ
вңһһ¾ð˳
ԣв㣬ңҪô㣬Ҫôң۾ĹâʱЩ޼ƿʩˡ
ˣǹ⣬ȻѲǾǹƤҩһķҪǲ׵ˣѫүӼҪҵûʲôµġ
°ͣþתιǵػѦС߸ҵӵҩһνСӸƷˣô˵Ҳ켣ô꣬ʲôĺݽɫûм绹㲻ʲô
ûö⣬ͻȻԺűһ߿ˣ˳Ժ˽
̧ͷһǶˣʱ¶Ц⡣
߲ˣ͸ǿˡ
֮ǰҲϳһƬĴӣȻѾϴˣϳǿǼƵ꣬ǰϳǵڣղڵȺǮʱҸǿһŹȥæ˳Ҳû˵ɶ
˵ӰӦñҵӦ֣Ǻˣֻܴһ٣ֲһصаֱ֯ɱˡ
û룬ǿһ߽Ժʱ򣬻ͺЩ£ȫ¶˾η֮ɫһȫ˼
硭ǿ硭ôˣǰȥһģһлæ˵̹ȥ
͸ǿûпһֱۣ˹
ǿҺܸˣһСŸ磬΢΢ͷǴк
үҵľүˣЩûˣæɶأô֣ζһ⳯˹֣ץסҵĸ첲ʹΡ
磬ˣĲҵ
ǻүĸôطˣɻ
ʱ򣬱Һһŵĺӵ˼Ŀңݺݵһĭ˵磬ôˣ
ɶأʱŷĺ磬ɻ
ҡֵܱ˸ˣҹơҲСӸˡ磬ʶʵ
ô˵ʱɫ־ͳŰϺݺ˦һƣǺֳָӡ
类Ŵϸߵӣһί˵硭ҸʲôҰ
ģðүҵûڻˣҲģŭˣֳŰһţ߷ڵأŹȥǶǺһȭߣһߴﻹһֱ֣ǿҲǶ˵ȥһ硣
ղǰӲĺǲһ֣һ仰Ҳ˵ͱԴ͸ǿһʹ
Щ£ԼǻҲҳֹվһԣĿ硣
ʮӣǺѪ۵ͷ󺹣֣ͣǺôүҵǻˣڸһλᣬȥүͷ˵үˣ
Ǻ类ңҲ֪ʲôϵǰϳһĴӣҪȻҲҡ
ֱӴ˫֣Ҳǲʶ
翴Ļһ֮󣬻ǳ˹ͷүС۲ʶ̩ɽۿ˵ͣүǸƨ˰ɡ
ʱֳ˹ܻ˵үǰǸһģϴˣСӻǸǰĹһ㳤ûУ˵üΣСӲӲӣ˾үүһӣƽ˰ɡ
ҵ˵ͷԭôһϵҲ˵ⰢǰСֵܣֲúЩ£һƵġ
¶ò֪ôճҲΪ¶Ƕɱˣǵͷҿ϶Ҫġ


2760 
ô׾ʹӦʱɴ⣬үǸӣϣҾƵһðүȾǰǸҵģԺǻֵܡ
ȾͲˣæĺܣҲֵܣȻˣԺŵҪҪ˲ɡҳ
ɫЩΣ֪˵ЩʲôˣΪһǺʱһֳŰ˼š
ʱǿչСŸ硭⵽ôһ¶
ҽű㽫ǻŸƭԶ棬ֻ飬¾Ҫʮǿһ˵һԿ϶Ҳ˶ǰ־͸һЩǰط
һ֣֮ͣҵү˸ʲôϵ
⣬Ҳ⣬˵ʲôϵ
һһ£޵ҧгݣðѵɱ˰ĳ嶯Ҳǹڵġ
˿̰ҲһЩüĿٺҲ᲻ǰҲ£ͲСƵˣȫϴףڰˣʲͨҶֻһĽɫﻹըë
ٸǆ£ֱһֵ磬㽫Ǵ߰ɣҿǾķԺúụ̀ܽñٸȱµˡ
ӦŰֺ˼ţô˹Զ㣡
ŴӵлȻк׼뿪֮ǰǺ绹үǮһ͸͹ȥǵˣдǧϡ
˵ţǻҲ˹ѾŵĻɪɪ˫֮ǰʮߵǰֵүǮ˼֮ǰġûȥɣСĲա
ҽӹǱǮó򣬵ݸôžôţ֮ǰҸһǮϢ߰ɡ
ҽӣ˵ҪСТġ
һž˹ȥôģүǮҺڣǻˣ
ǻ类߷ڵأæźȺ»뿪
Ƕ֮Щȵ˵ү¶ǰȷʵصԺҿ϶úùܽǣϾ֮ǰһģүǧ֡
ðɣӿ϶ǸģǾûһΣҵҿ϶ҵ
˵ͷһͷϵ亹ԵЩִٲ
ֵ磬鷳ˣﻹ飬ˣȾƣǿӾȻȥɡ
˵ͷ˵ãȻȥ
ǿЩ̫ĵ˵СŸ磬ûҰæ𣿡
ûУҲȥɣϵҵ
ǿ˵ͷȻһ뿪ˡ
ⳡ־ڳ䶨ſڴΧźܶ࿴ֵûȥ
ʱȫⳡɵ˵ˣ۾Һ߿
һ֮Զ泯˹ղšղллˣǻҪǣҷǵﲻɡҡҸ¹ͷ
˵ţԶҪǹæס塭Ǹɶ˵ܲһݡ
ǱߣԶæкǽݣ˵Ҫǵȣһֱ˵ŸлĻ
ԶҲǿݣһһʵλǵ˭ΪʲôҪǣ
Զ仰ЩˣҸүߵʱһңչĺˣǧҪǵҲҪ¶Լݡ
һʼҲֻǴƣϸ˵֪ôɣøҷ顣
ҿƬֻ̣˸ѣ˵壬ҲУиҹҿǼңʲôܰæûУɽ顣
ѣʲôѰԶ濴Ҫɰʵס
Ҳøֻͣ˵ǸѲ˵ͲҪˡ
Զɻŵ˵ͷҺõ
ȵһҵĶˣǹģ˵ǼͽıڰɣҲûʲôֵǮĶֵǮӦûһ̨ӣʮǰĿʽƶҪ뿪֡
ﻹɢһɵùζŵĴҹ㣬ûֵطʱü΢
үĺ˹ңЩ̫ܡ


2761 Т
ԶǿǵǣЩ˼˵λˣǼ̫ˣҲûʲôдǵģҲûüʰҪȻǾ͵ԺһɣǱ߻ɾһЩ
ãľͺá˵ţұ˸Ҳû˵ʲôͬ˸ҵߡ
֮Զž͸Ƕ˲ˮҶҲ˵򻨲衣
ǼҹļũΪƶ
б֮࣬Ҳ뵽үүȻùֵѪӣʳҲù˲ֻͶ·ȥѡһǾòͨ˵ãȻڹգǼܹԵıůʳǣҲȱǮ
תһ룬ҸĸڲǱŰᵽéɽȥסü궼ûлϼˡ
Щìܣкͨ˵Ǹ׵ģһŶۡ
һߺŲˮҿԶŲүѫΡΡĳ˽
һλϵˣ·Ѿˣ˹æѫүѫүӳͷк첻˵ллллллˡ
ү֮ҳϸۣүӸҸүƵĵطһҸүλ˼ȴȱҸүǹӸĪƣҲû˼ҵķȣһͨͨĸˡ
ͷܹͨϵҲ
ٴγǸлһȻԶ͸˿ࡣ
Ǽ֮ҲԭģڼǰԶ͵֢ȻһʱˣҪ͸һ£ҪסҽԺġ
ܻһĻϣκãҸòǮЩһֱҽԺţĸûе֮ǰǼҵǿԵģ˵ǮǸͨũû̫
ĸ׵֮ǽǼҸϿˡ
ĲҲǲ֢֮ũ˺ܶ˶òǮ˼ڼ
ԶȴǸТӣǹҲԼˣ⼸꣬ȫˣҲһ飬ⶼüˣĸ׵ĲҲκɫ
ĸ׵飬ȫˣҲˡ
ǰĸ׵ĲͻȻأҪҪһǮԶתͶ·֮£ҽԺһˣҪҪǮ˵ǽ֮໹һһǮ
ԶһʼҲЩĸײأǮ裬ĸ׾ֻ·һԶ͸ˣǮĸʱǩ˺ͬԶǮǸ˾ǸУרŴǱ죬ƭԶ֮ûӰ
˺Ҫ˵飬ɱǸˡ
ЩŸģҽԺſ̾ᣬ֪Щ˼Ϊ˸˿ǮøֶνƭȥֻҪǮϣɻͺ˳棬գ϶ҪǮ³ҪȻ͸Щļ
첻ǱǸϣԶºǲŪҲҪһƤ
ԶҲûʲôգũæʱڼֵأ߰Ķأÿճһ򣬲æʱͳȥɽϽˣһҲ׬٣һ߰˰˵ļҲ׬ʮӣĸǱ߾Ǹ޵׶ÿ춼ҪܶǮά
ˣﻹһϸУܿҪѧĶӣԶٳңȷһ۵ԽԽ
ʱֵǮĶˣסķҲˣүүᵽһס
û뵽һ˾ȻԽ۳ӣ겻ѣΪǼҵеϧ
Ҳ⶯ݣһ£ÿ˵һѦ֡
Һܿ˹Զ˵壬ʶһҽ罫̴ҽԺӳȥǸҽưɣ˵κأ
Զҡͷ˵ôܣҴȥ˺üҽԺûпãڳʡĴҽԺţ˵κþκõġ
͵԰ɣҽβõģ˵ҽܿãһһβٸͻô̽ʵ
˵ҽȻѦҵЩˣ֢Ĳ֢֪ܲκãһѦСߴźá
Զ˵ô࣬Խ˵Խģͣϼѿ˺ܶӵֲᡣ


2762 һ˵
һʼԶǲʲôƫҽģ˵Ϊĸ׵ĲҲ˽˲ƫ˺ܶ˵ǵغҽȥβǮ˺ܶ࣬һûתڵֻŴҽԺЩƫҽʲôʮּɻˡ
Һ˵˵ԶӦҽԺӳ͵Ѧҩȥơ
үǰ˵һҪĺˣֻܾŬȥˣֲҾöѦλү˵Ӧòʲô⡣
ãԶ滹ҵʲôǹģǲǰʱսѣЩսҲ඼ϵˡҪôǰͬѧ
˵ˣȻλѲ֪ҿ϶Ҳ˵ġ
ԶЩģ˵Լ֪ͼˣ˼ҰôæҪлһ²ǡ
˵⻰ǣٹһˣĸ׽˸Ӧ߰˷ֵİܹκá
ԶЩ̫ţǰ棬Ǿĸ׽ӳһԡ
ۿžҪ緹ʱˣԶҪ˵Ҫļɱˡ
ղԺ￴һۣµĸɱ֮ǼĵƷûˡ
ұǼҳԷҪ뿪
ߵʱͻȻһ飬ӽ֮ǰóʮԶ棬һ£ҲǸǴġ
Զ˵ʲôգ˵ѾǼҰôæˣﻹ˼Ǯ
˵˵˺һԶŽǮһľִٲ˵ǮģҪȥǷ
вֻǷǷһߵſڵʱֱӽǷ˺˾ǡ
⻹û߳ţͻȻſھͳһˣһǺ£֮ǰҽѵǸ硣
һƤӣսսߵҵǰ˵үǷһ򡭡ҵġ¡
أʵ
ڡҽԺֱһ١߹Ƕˡ˵
Ǯҿ϶գҲյĻǺ˯̤ʵǳӿһۣȥǮ
ллллүҪûɶ¶ĻСľˡǻ˵
ȵȡں
ŵĻһ飬үʲôԸ
ݼңǱ֤Ժ鷳ɣʲôʧҿɶǲв
ʱɥүǸҰ˸ҲҰġԺ϶ǹһˡκβصģҪȻͽҵԴš
ˣ߰ɣ˵ġҵ
ǻͷһ̶С˳ȥһܻһ߲ϵĺ϶Żˡ
֪ʲôֶΣΪңֱӴһ˫첲룬ʱʢڣ϶ǰçײˡ
û뵽֮ƣܻܴһǮҲԶң뻹ˣһԶգͻȻôһǮǳ£뻹ԼţԺлǼҡ
Զһ˽͵ſڣѫүҲԶϱĲ£ΡΡĸ˹
ҷһ⣬ѫүӵĿ⾭ɨ˫Ƶ۾ɡ
ѫҸүӣҾһˣбҪѫүĵʲô
ſڵʱҽŲһ٣תͷѫЦ˵̫үɺã
ѫͷ¶˼ú첻˵ءء
˵֮үֽҿۣЩɻʵСӡɣͷҿЩ졭
һ㶣ôܼҡ
һ¶˾ģ˵̫үܹһ˵
ѫЩɻĿһۣջǵ˵ͷΡΡıҲߵſڡ
ҸʹһɫԶϱ͵ǵ̸
ү˵ˣǸ̫ĺ֪ҵݡ
ѫүһˣһǲһЩ飬ٲ֪ٹûл֪ˡ
ҽѫүӴһƧС˵үӣô
ѫ˵ͷ˵졭СʱǻϵһˣҵǺ֮ܶǰˡ
ϵˣ
ѦλүŵĻҸүֻëӣѵҸүҲүĻɣ
뵽ұֱʵ̫үʶô


2763 
£ѫһƵ۶ʱðһץסҵĸ첲ӲϵĲ㡭ղ˵ʲô˵һ顣
үޱȼ۾ɵԲ
ʶôٴظһ顣
㡭㵽˭ôʶѫǳ׵ˣӲΡΡ˼ܲס̼һϲ
ץ˼ҵĸ첲СĿο˼ң𼤶˵չҵˣүӡ
ģôʶģѫƽ飬һʳ⡣
Щ飬һ治ʵ˵ܲˣֱ˸ѵ֮ǰүȹһҹӦĺˣϷģ˼һĺúõģǾʲôطҲ֪үλˣٲҲҲ֪ġ
˵ţѫͻȻ޵ӣһ߿ޣһ߼˵Դʮ֮ԼҸסǸط֣Դҳ֮ȥҹΣҲҲ֮ǰļˡԴһ֮ҾҲûмԼĸסû뵽˼ҾȻšء
ĵ£үӿ޵ĸˣôȰס
˵ҸүҲǹĵģ̫үǷ֮зų֮󣬾ȻҲûһ档
үѫүӣȴûѫ档
ΪѫӴȦӣУͶϾ˸һϵһ˵ͨ
үɷѿģһӲȻܹİô
оһ˫н˵Ҳ˵Աͨ˵۸
һ̤뽭ܻһЩǷǣ޿ɱġ
ѫүӿ޵ģҲͦѹүѾˣҲʵ飬ܲˣи룬ܱûкúܶࡣ
үӿ˺һҲȰ̫үģ˼֮԰ͳ϶ԼĿԣʲôҲ̫뿪Щͺˡ
ѫĨһᣬֵǲչĺӣô꣬ûйһأҵĸףԴ뿪ǸطҲûټҶˣҲ˼ͷ֪Ժûлټһ桭ֻԶԶĿһҲðĺǡ
үӵĻܲζֻƭ˵ԺҪټ˼ңȰȰ˼ҹ㡣
Ȱ˺һүӲֹͣ˳Ȼֶҿһۣ˵Сӡҿĺ죬
˵ţүӶһ£ͻȻֵˣСʱ򣬼ǵڼһǻһ˳ĸ񣬼ϻһֻëӡ
ү˵¶￩һ£æүӣ϶ǼǴˣǲңҲôᣬСʱ򿴵Ļ붼Ҫһټʮˡ
үӵ˵ͷ̾ϢϺͿ˰ɣҲǼǲ̫ˣһʱ򣬾;죬һ
㿴ѫĻүˣүȷҳĺۼүģ
ָүһүӣҸ˵飬ǧ˵壬˵Ҳһš
ѫ˵ͷ˵ðɣҲκ˵ǧǵãٴοҸ׵ʱ򣬼ǵңҲûмͷˡ
ĴӦ˼ҿ϶ǿˣΪҲûˡ
һ˼һӣһӣȻҲһգЩ̡
治Ǹпʵ
˺һұ㽫ѫү͵ԺԶ濴үӿ޵۾ףеүүôˣ
û¶˼̫ˣղһֱҵл˵˵ԼͿˡ
ЦŸԶ˵ţѫүҲæͷ˵ǰʹˣ궼ûĺˣӦöлл˼ҡǼҰ˴æôǮ
Զǣһ˽͵ſڣʱҿǼԺſڣΧŲٿֵĴ
Ҵų˳ӣʱһְүһԸĿѹŵһʯͷ˵ء
Ҳ֪׶Բԣү˼Ұаĺˣһ飬Ҳû취æҲĻԶһٱ϶Ӳġ
Ѿˣһ˳Ȼɡ


2764 
ųҴֻص˺Ҷȣ·ǸʲôˣҸ򵥽һҵĹé®ʱʢһϳǵĴӣҴĳ׷̲סЦֲǱ翴ųǸӣԭ֮ǰôңҲǺܵͬȴȽţԺ˲зϡ
ݸһЦЩ㱣ˣһֻץỵ̂һֻС֣Ц˵ʱ򲻶£ƾһѪô飬Ҳͦڵġ
ҵǾûʲôɺڵģ㲻Щ飬죬Ҳʶһ˫ӿҵ
˵Ҳǣ죬ͲʬŶԸңСҲᱻʶҸȥڤ֮ȥ͵ʲô˰ҲͲʶӡ
һЧӦǣһȫڤڤ֮УһбעעҸӵһԵ֡
·ϿųչҴ˵绰ʲôʱҪҪ׼÷ˣһȥܿ죬Ѿڰ·㶣ȥһԡ
ӵʱҺӾͻص˺Ҷȡ
ʱѾۼѦҩ̵СԺ֮УСԺһһʯ˷ˣڣһԺӣܹŵ˵ζӭʳָ󶯡
Һϳţͳһ緹Ѿǰ󱳡
±к׼Է
ʰˣֶһ˵ǸǼ˲壬˳ǻָԪʱ򣬾ӦöЩõģĸﻹ˲ҩġ
û˵ķʮˬڣЩѦҩ̣Ҹоƻָĺܿ죬Ҳ˲٣ȫӵĹ͡
ӸѦСһҲѧ˲ҽȻǰмˡ
ԷʱһĵظѦС߿Ц˵ʲôʱֶӣⶼӲˣûжѦС߻Щ˼˵ڻҪӣĶ绹ûйҪӵЩʱ˵
Էʱ򣬰չʮֺҺӸɶȥˣǳȥԼȥ˰ɡ
¶ҲûһıҪͽҸүõһһ˵Ÿ߸ڴ弸ʮʯ塣
Һȥʯ壬Ϊ̽һҸүĺ˵ġ
ɱҼûУұ㽫췢˵һ顣
ҽǼŸļһ˼һ˵˵˽͸ǿ˺ôЦ
ǿ˵ЩŸĿǵùҺɱ񣬱˵ЩŸģһٸҲ˴ġ
һ¶ұԶĸ׵֢飬ѦСܲҽεĺãмְա
ѦСüͷ˵ΣҪڵ콫˽ӹɣȥʸףа취κãϣǺܴģʵڲоȥλүӡ
֮ˣѦҿ϶߾ȫҽΡ
ѦС˵Ҿͷ
ԷʱֺһЩƣţͻȻһѦҩ̣ǻΪ˹Ʋأæȥк
һ黨ȹһ߶ȹڻζ֮䣬һֻĺòѦСߵĺø˼һ̼ҵĴС㣬ԶǧܵƧţϴ֣ǲס
ѦҩﲻҲû⣬óԵĳԣúȵĺȡ
һǳſڴһۣ˲ǿģһͿݵ·⻹ϡ棬ѦСסӣ࣬·ʮߣгЩѾͿݵҵطǲס
ѲѧˣӲߣ´㶫Ҳ뵽ұȻˡ
Ĺһݳ˹һһɻĿһŵļŷ⡣
ˣѦСЦʵ
ûаûдݺǴӹʼĹģǿ
˵ţͽļŷݸǣ˳ֽ˹ȥ
֪һӹŷϿһۣ㽫ŷֱӸ˳ȥǱЫӸһ㡣
Ǽһ㶯ҲŵĲᣬ׷׶վ
ʲôһһէģչʵ
ǴӽǱʼĹġתͷЩŵ˵
ͬʱһǸطûѣֻеˣһһУԬ
ԣһŷϵ֣ŵֱӶˣŷйƶ˽ͷʲôġ


2765 
ƽ޹ʵĴӽǱʼĹһݣ˵ԺֳֻܸԬ֣Ǳһʶ˶ûС
ٷҲûˣġ
һæλվǧƴϷ˳ŷһȦȻתͷ˵һģû⡣
˵ţһ㽫ļŷӵϼҪ򿪣æֹһСһԬСսթ˵ŷ⡣
ɶǧƣʲôƶͷҲκβҡ
һЩΪȻĽļŷˣ֮ǧŷ⸽һȦһ浽û¹ƺͽͷȻǧƿԽ⿪һУʱ϶ڡ
ǧƿǾûʲôΣգһŽŷ⳹˺һæЩϰ£ЩӰˣһ뵽ԬСйص飬Щ㷲ҪҵӰ̫ˣÿθйص飬϶Ǵ¶
Сôʶˣûȥȴҵ鷳ġ
˼޺޵š
ܿ죬һǸʼֻһֽ֮⣬ޱ
˱˴˶ӣ˴˶ܹӶԷпɻ֮ɫ
ϲйƶɣЩĵ˵
ֹһ˶ԬСӳ֮ġ
ӦòᣬǧûиӦʲôһ˵ţŷӵŵݸң˵СŸ磬Ǹġ
ҽӹǷţûʲôر֮һA4ֽ۵һ£ֽıд˼֡
붼û룬ҾͽǷŸˣҽϸϸĿһ֮󣬲ɵɻ֣ôҲ뵽˰ԬȻдһš
ЩŵĽǷſ飬ǾЩܲˡ
һԵİչЩͲסˣȲʵСŸ磬Ԭдɶ
Լɡҽŵݸ˰չȫȥһȥǷš
ʵǷдĺܼ򵥣Ԭķ
дģ档ҿ˺ܾòŸдţŵĿҲܼ򵥣Ӳˡҳţȣ治㣬Բٸκιϸ𣬾֮һ˽ɡ
ҸԹԹô꣬Ȼܶζ뽫ɱˣҲƻ˺ܶΣÿһζʧܸգԵʱԽҷʧȥľԽ࣬ʦʬ֣ʦҲɱˣʦһνʬ꣬ѱɱ˵ˡҲûʲôʧɣǸСʶñ˰˷СԽԽǿǸű˽ʬҲɱģʧȥıܶࡣǰû˵˸һصܶ棬˺ǸŪˡ
ôţȣٸȥֻ·һдŵ˼ǸͣǲˣԺʵʵĴڽǣ̤뻪ĵĵؽһҲҵ鷳Ժɡ㻹棬ԬҲֻܷ㵽ףƣͨ˸ӻظ绰
ȻԬһ֣Ӧǵ绰롣
дŵĿҲֻһǾǸͣҪ֮ĶԹһʹԺˮˮҲˡ
ţвƣܾⲻԬµķ
ܿ죬ҲԬдǷţչһԬӹˣ밡ԴһûռʦʦȫǸɱˣˮʥ̵ҲûֵκαˣҪɫһصܶ渲϶ԬĶСܲţƻţȹգǿﶼɵˣ϶еӣ͡
չĻʮеԬ֮ǰһص˺һصܶ涼ˣһͰȫҵˣڻľûκεĿɽǿ޿սʤĴڶǸɵˣԬʲô¸ԣ
¶ҾôһﻹСһĺã˵ԬСӸʹһ۷Ƿɾ裬ȻڳûǣС̫ˣǲòѵ
СŸ硭ôһʵ
Ҳ֪ԬСӵôģչ˵ҾöпܡЩ󲻶
СŸ硭ԬСĸͣԺԺͲ鷳𣿡ǿҲʵ
ǿʵһ㶣˵ʵǺ͸ԬСӣ޲ýʬΣҪ˵ѰˣһЩܲˡ


2766 Ҳ
ԬҲͦˡ
ҪΪȫޣһҪ¿ʼУ飬ֵܼ֮⣬ûи֪ˣԬ϶Ҳ֪ܹԬ̸ͣҲһܲ飬뻹һĻ֮ơ
ԬȻңĺ̸ల£Ǻ̸ĻԬƾ˵ȸǴһۣ̽һǣǶûзóȻ͵Ϯǡ
Ҿ˵ıȽϷԬԸ
ֻǲҪԬһϵһ£̽̽ڷ˵
ţҽԬдǷҪ˹ĵ绰벦˹ȥ
绰ܿͱͨˣ洫ԬϤЩ˵յ𣿡
ոյҳ
ǷҲˣû˼ǻһ֮ĶԹǲ㣬ֻܶˣǴĳ͵ģʹ컰ǻҪҪҪǻɱҵĻҾͷ㵽ףǽ棬Ҫ뻯ԹĻұ֤ԺԲ̤뻪ĵĵһĵĴڽǣԺ󻥲žˡԬⷬӲʩ
Ļң͵Ļల¡
ǿͽζܴ
Цһ˵ԬС㣬㻹ܸͣǱʲôУԺ͵͵Ұɣ
ԬٺһЦ˵ˣٸȥȫûбҪ˵ʵЩˣһصܶ涼ˣպǸˣԬ֪ԼĽģټȥС綼ҪԲͣ㿼ǿǣҸ׼治ٸ㶷ȥˣҵȫˣһ
Ԭ˵ļΪϣҵмˡ
ͣһ£ұðȻͣҲܵĳ⣬ղſ˵ģԺ󲻻̤뻪ĵĵ棬ΪУȻˣϣܹڵĳŵҷڱһȡԴ㿴Σ
ãôˣҲѣҲٸǾҲ
ãҲһص
ʹ죡ԬӦһ䣬žͽ绰ҵˡ
Ԭͨ绰ʱһֱڳȫ˶
߸ոչ˵绰һСŸ磬Ԭ˵Ļô
һС룬ҾԽˣӦԽһ㣬ԬС˼أǺˣۣûһĶ֣СĵΪáҵ
С˵ĶԣǻǲҪģһʱ䣬һﶼСһԬСӲòʦʦ㶼ǵޣֻҪڽϻģûһ˲뱨ġ
ͻȻӵԬţŪжЩ㷲ٷҲûʲô˼ȥˡ
ܾý϶ʲôҪ鷢
ǲԬСѾ֪Ϊȫʧ飬ϾڴĳǵʱҸƴǸӣܶ˶˽й¶˳ȥҲδ֪
˶˳Ϊȫʧл̨ɽס֣ʧȥһǿսԬԸǣһʮͷ۵顣
ҲЩɻԬҪԸǣѵʱӦǸոմӴĳǻʱʱǵսģΪʲôҪϵأ
һʱ䣬ԬҲûǵ鷳һصĺܶҲûв롣
ӣҪƫһ磬ٸˣϾԼҪ
ãҲûҳһҲͲˡ
ͷһӰǸ黹Ҫ
ڶһ磬Һֻһʯ壬ԶӴӻѦҩ̣Ѧҵ˰ơ
ԶĸǸʮҵĸˣͷ߰ףôһֱҽԺסţɫ԰׵ľһֽҲ޷µ߶
Ҫĸ͵Ѧҩ̵ʱԶ滹Щ̫ģ˵Ҫһȥ
Ҳøүĺ˹ĽӴЩˣǴ鷳ԶǸТӣĸ׵İΣȥУֻҪӦ
ĸֻţ̫ܵĵҺҵĳӹһ·˺ҶȣȻԶǶһ·̧Ѧҩ̡
ѦСߺѦ͵Ⱥʱĸһ£Ѧɱ㿪ʼ壬æ˺һŸǵΣҪ£ϣȬ
ԶѦ˵ô϶Ͳţǵڿƭһ֪ǰλʲôˣǿǽϴѦҽ


2767 漣
ϵҽͨҽһѦҩ̲ܸͨ˿Ҳܹϵ˿˻ˣԿҽΡ
ѦСǼҽĵӣóùƳ֮Ķβǹʮľ
Զ֮ǰĸ׿ϵƭԶѦҵҽҲǺţȻûô˵Ǵ֮ҾͿԿ
ˣĸѦҩ̣Ҳ֪˵ݣҸүĺˣص㾡ȫ
Զ浣ĸһֱסѦҩ̡
Ϊ֢ھ֢Ĳ֢Ҫ֮еλүӣȻûеôӣѦСߺѦÿ춼ĸƸֲҩҪ룬ʱ򻹽һЩҴûмĳӷĸƤϣ֮С
Զ濴ЩĵĸﲻûκòȥüζҪ뿪뷨
ֱһ֮ĸĲ𽥺תɫ֮ǰǰ԰ˣԶŴ˽ĸͻشҽԺͷ
תۼһ¹ȥˣ漣ڷ֮ǰĸ͹ʱ򣬸˸оʱӣѦСߺѦүһµĵĸܹµ߶ˣһܳ׷ҲԵӣҲǰʹڴϡ
ҿĸȥʡǵĴҽԺһ£ָĸҽεҽ˵˼飬Զôκõģǲ͵˹˻
ԶʮָˣҲûѦҵκõģҲзִ磬Ѧҵ첻Ҫ鷳
ֽĸ͵Ѧҩ̵һ£ĸȫָˣû¶ʱڴй䣬ɫҲ죬ˣԶŴĸ׻ʯ壬ЩǧлѦɺѦС߿ͷллǵľ֮
ҵڸ㶨ҲԸүһˡ
Զߵʱһҵĵ绰ʲô˵飬ʱϵԶǣ÷ǳ˼˵ôæԺﻹ鷳ңѾʮָмˡ
ô˵ŸүĺЩ飬Ҳ̹ˡ
һ¹ȥƽ˾ʲôص鶼ûз
һʼǶʱ䣬һﶼЩĻ̻̣ΪԬǷţôʱԬһûУҾãԬпǣΪУһֱ飬ҶԬ˽⣬϶ưոݡ
ЩҲ˸߸ڴ弸Σүүˡ
үүصûʲôȤˣѼҪķϵļĶʰԺﻹһЩݲݣʱͷһ𵽺ӱߵ㣬Сӿʮա
ʱ䣬үүΰƽҴ˺üε绰ȰȰүӣϽȥϰ࣬˵˼µļ٣ؼһʱ䣬үүֻҪʱȥǻ־ֳλá
Сӻ˵صֵܾȥ߸ڴѾүүüˣҪôǱŲҪôǲڼң㽫ⵣѹϣҲܳࡣ
ΰƽıԹаЩջҪǿ֮ǰϣéɽҢ˵ͽܣͶˡ
һ˼ε绰ҶǷܹȥһΣѹŭ˵޴磬˵¶ûа㣬үү飬Ҳãĳһսصôģûǰɣ˶ˣ֪ôؼҵҲˣүүҪ滹ǻȥصľֳҶƲ
⻰˵ΰƽƿԣԴ֮ΰƽҲûиҴ绰
ΰƽȻص꣬ҲéɽģһҢ˵ĵӡ
ĳһսéɽҲ˲ˣ治֪ΪΰƽҪصңôӲˡ
˸־Ҳ˵ǸطѾϰ˰ɡ
Щ죬ҲһֱϵУµʱ䣬ҵΪҲָһЩܹʹһЩٰ˲ֶΣ콣Ҳֻһɨǧ
µĹ⾰ٻָ˸տʼʱһҵˮƽ
ĻָٶȣƲ꣬ұܹ۷״̬ڴ
Ѧҩ̵Щ죬ΨһоЩвģ˻еĴڣСӻص̨ɽס֮󣬾һֱûиϵҲ֪ôˣлЩ
ӣҲһֱҵߣСҲ̹ţҸӣȥ¼ףȰѻˣҺӵĻ½˵ÿ˵¶ӱ첻ѡ
žҪʱǵĻ»Ǳһˡ


2768 
磬Ҷһ˴лûߵԺ棬Ѧҩ̵ԺﴫһʹĲҺֲ֮ҽʮҾⱲӶûҵĽ
֮һæ첽ǰ񱼵ԺߵԺһȫۼԺ֮Уһٴеģɫʮֽš
˼ҩſڣİվһģˣ˿ȥǻĵĺУװЩǶһģϴɮ۸̩ʦЩ
һһ١
ϵǸпȥиʮңŽѾӣʲô
ǸĺпȥҲǺСиʮ꣬ҲͬŽѾǷ˷һɫ࣬۾Ѫ죬ϵѪݺύϸߣ﷢˲Һ֮Ǳסĳ͵Ұޡ
ǸϺдӺסǸе壬ǺҲЩƲסдʱ󣬸оʱҪѿϺе֡
ϺԵ÷ǳһֱ󺰴У˵̫Ļ
ҿ龰֮һ£ߵô¶
˵Ҳ֪ʲô˸ոչкǵʲôֲѦҵ˹ҽεģ˵ĻҲûиǹͨ
Уôܹҵطأ
ѰĽʿһܹҵҶȵѦҩ̡
Щɻ󣬲ϸ˹ȥ
ʱǸСͻȻһһϺеֱۣ˷һ˹ãΪָһЩҲܹʹһٰ˲ֶΣһ㿪˼һգſڵϣָıĿ꣬˹ȥ
Ҳ㲻ʲôԭ򣬲еģͦµģҲûһߡ
۴УԺ˹ȥչǿȥˣֱǰһžеϣߵķ˹ȥɵ˵ϡ
չһſǲᣬѰ˳һţСʱȥоû¶һܿӵŰչ˹ȥŴ죬Ҫҧһ㡣
ǰɣչĻˣٴǰһС֣ץסСеӣٴνˤ˵ϣһΣչ첽ǰһŲĺϣǺһչķ˳ȥٴγ˹
Ƕһͷˮ֪ʲôеľٶЩԾչΪܸˣסѳж
Ȱס˵лɢԣվһԵͻȻ
仰ˣǿͰչͬʱǰһһһδڵأһǰֱýŲסĺ󱳣Ȼһֻ󣬶ǺڼǶ˶ЩƲסС
ʱһóһлɢͷȥ
Ҫ˵Ѧҵҩãлɢһȥкܿɥʧһһ̱˵ϣɷպաĽܲŵЩѪܣȥʮˣһʱҪѿĸо
ò׿סУȫһʱѦСߺ޶˹еߣǰȻֹɫһ̧ͷ˺񲢲ĳаȫûⰡ
аӦȥҵߺȥаܵѦҩʲô
ǺУģӦǶƬģǵаֻҪһƬĺУӦöһЩǡ
Ϊɻ
ſڵϲˣϺб˹ǶڵУû¶㼤ĸϹ˵һЩĻ
һΪ̩ĺУ̩Ǽ˶Բǡ
Ϻ˵ĻЩ죬ŵԽ̩࣬ġ
һұ̩Ϻйͨãʲôģ
Ϻ˵̩ʱԵʮּæ̩һ䣬˵˵̩̫ˣҲһǾͿԽһˡ
ʱϺҺܽϸһۣϺгЩŹ֣ȫϳ۾֮⣬ȫЩʲôͼȫһЩֵֹķţЩǾ䣬Щ졣


2769 蹷
ϲ˾֮⣬ϺеĲϺ¶ƤҲо䣬˿ȥɭɭоʲôĺС
Ҿ;еģЩ죬ϸһ룬ͻȻ̩ʶʦϻҲƵǲϣֻǵڲм
ʱ̫ãҲЩǲ̫ˡ
ȻжһЩ̩Ǿͺ˵ˡ
Ҹ򵥹ͨһ£ϺиЩӲ̩˵ֽ̣Խϱһ޷𷨵ģӦķѧٷ룬ǰ³زμһʲô𷨽ᣬڻ³شѾһˣ֮ǰͽĪľһֲһʼ㱣ҹ˯ʱΣʱѧУһһأֱ죬ѾƲסˣ۾Ѫ죬𣬿˵ҲǷصĵͺ𣬽糿ҧԼ
˺ô̺вŸһͽʸ͵˵صҽԺȥҲûвʲô֢һλҽ˵˿ȮпǱ蹷ҧˡ
һ𷨵һУ˵µĳλɮ̣Ȯǲֲ֢֮ɣһ취ܹκãǵҶѦҩ̵ҽҽΣϣΪѦҵҽͨ죬֮ܡ
ԣ̱λµĸɮҪһַͽʸˣһ·ҵѦҩ̡
û룬һոʴӣʾͷ˷裬˾ҧҪǼ˰æͲ֪ôˡ
źҶȲԶҲмʮ·̣µʶҶȲϡ棬һǾʵλָµĴʦʲô֣
붼û룬˵ľʦҲһϡ
ҿѦСһۣѦСߵ˵ͷ˵ʶľʦҸ׽鲻
ѦС˵ҾͷһЩ裬Ϻһľ䣬һǾЩ̫ϰߣܾааġ
ȥ̩ʱҲ̩ĺУǱߵ˹ܺвкУɮҲ֪ΪʲôҪƺ
ҿЩ̩Ув϶⾭䣬Ҳ֪Щʲô˼
ĵĺеǴ˷̣һƬĶС˷̡
λ̵ĺԽϲ̩һƴ̽ʲôĺɣҲûȥЩ
һѦСߵСߣλʦǵ˿Ȯ𣿡
ѦСҡҡͷ˵ǿȮҸܵЩаӦĳа
ɴȥеߣſƤһۣ죬˿еͷ˵Ҳǽͷ˽ͷ۾һۼʱһɫߣʱǺɫģ۾Ѫ죬ȫѪ˿Բ˽ͷ
̹ǿʵĲ飬ΪԽϱ˽ͷ˻ĲŷģҲԶһЩͷϸһ飬ûκнͷļҾӦڻеУ֪ûа취ͽκֲģǮҿ϶ٲǵġ
˵ǮǮνȾҪ
̶ǧлһҪȻͽܣģһ
̵ĻͷһԺﲻԾľ뵽˻УҲǻ۾ʦһģ۾ʦԲŵʱ򣬻п޵˺ѷεĳĿ
һ뵽⣬ľ͸æѦСûа취ҽΣеʲôа
ʱɶʵ߿˰죬ϸƣһͻȻ֪ˡ˷蹷䣡
蹷䣿ɻĿɣ֪⡣
Ǻе˵ǿеﳤȮһģһ˽蹷Ļǽеϣ蹷߶е֢״һһأӾǵ˿Ȯһ֮ͻᱩж˵ţаķ룬ǶǵֶΣǻĵĵаֽ˵Ļǲķš
˵ȫȥȥݣ濴ﳤݺύȮﻹͣŹӣǹȳ˱ǣʺһ
֪ô蹷𣿡ѦСʵ
֪֪һʮ鷳Сڣõң̧ͷҵ
Ҷʱ˼˵ҵķʬߣʬ߿аֻ轫ʬóʵǷ蹷ĻǸɵ蹷ӭжˡ


2770 һҪ
뵽ֱӽʬߴǬ˱˳㳯ſڵϵ˹ȥóʬߵʱһԵ۾һ۾ֱĿǬ˱Һͷʬߡ
ûмķɣǬ˱ңװºܶණһĸ˿Ǭ˱ܲ۲ˮڡ
ŷʬߵʵߣʱŵ˴ʳЩˮֱ̫ˣҪǽʬһܲˣԺӰʬҲûô
ǣұ㽫Ƿʬʵʬ߸һУʱ˷Ӧʬĩ˵Сʱٵ˸һһƵĺʵڹŷʬۡ
ԭлɢ̱ڵϵʣʱٴ˼ҵķӦһεĲҺʱ򻹰żȮ֮ˣͣ˦ֻŷʬߵ֣ҪǷʬ˦
Ƿʬһɷ֮ǲɷ֮ɸɾǲͣġ
УſڵϺ۾ʱ򻹻شϵĺԽԽ࣬ȫŷʬ֮вϵĻ۶ȥ
ֹƬ̣ʻҲ֪³ʲôǳţ³һЩɫҺ壬ʲͣڵһ
ͣ߹ȥһۣʬ˻յǬ˱֮С
ʱһˮë򵥵Ĳϴһ¡
ԴӸѦСһ֮һֱСߴ֣򳪸棬ϵĵ޼䡣
ŪĲˣѦСߺǿźͽʴӵϲԺһʯ档
ʱʻǻԲѣѦСóһ޹ǣʵıһ£޹ҲУǽⶾģѰҩ֮Ķֻһ£ԡ
һ£Ż۾ɫ˺ֻܶ࣬ǿȥЩףݺύҲȥǻָˡ
̺пͽˣʱָ˷ܣÿһ˾Ϲлϵ񣬻̩˵ҽµĸɮ˵ûֻҪ͵϶ҩ
˵ÿ˱ҽ߷֮¡
Ȼ̾ҸʿҪǮԵЩȣ˵ĴæҲûд̫Ǯϡ
֪ԽǱߵǻؽȣȷһЩοǻǺС
ʵĲ֢ҲûлѶҲǲֻаҲȱǮ˵Ǯղվν飬ҿѦСߣС߸磬ն𡣡
ѦСһ£˵ɶǮֲǵòаû뵽ⶼܵѦҩԺöһӣда׽˵ܶ׬ЩǮ
һǺһЦ˵һԣ㿴Ѧүӻ᲻ȡ
⻰˹Ц̺ģЦЩ£ΪҪܶǮأǱСǵҪն
ҽѦСߵ˼ת˵һǮգذɡ
һҡͷ˵ǮôУҲǿģѸ㿴ģ˵ţ̺дһǮƵһǮңͳҵݸ˹֣˵գҩ̣аĵطξˡ
һֱǮҴ˹˵ʲôҲҪ£ջеӡ
һǰݣһˣγսʱѦСߴǰнӹЩƱ˵ȻִҪǮҲҲⲻȥУҾˡ
֪ģѦСǮ̺пԵЩΣڨڨһЦѵǿûǮɣ
ѦСһӳƱ£ȻһӳƱ˶ٿǮֽʣµĻ̵λʦپˣһͨæǸ缸Ҳ۵ĹǺǮǻƲˣϺһ٣͵ˡ
̿ѦСߣһ⣬ҽѦСߵĻԭδķ˹ȥ֣գѦСֱӽǮ
Ѧҩ̿⣬Ҳǿõģʲô˹ƲѦҩ̶ҪΣܼȣһ㣬ʲôκ֮һǮۣͯҪҲУѦҲգҽҩҲģҪȻһС
ִⲻ£㽫Ǯ˹ȥһǧлʮϡ
ʱͽʵɫһЩЩѪɫбЩ棬֪ʵα˷蹷ġ


2771 ײ
ǣұյʵߣ̩ʵλʦ֪Լʲô˶ֽô
Ҹʳ仰̺оʹеʵʣʦ˵˵ʲôˣô񶾵ķ蹷䣬ǲ˻û죬ô͸˽ô𣿡
ӻЩ£üͷһʱЩ벻ˡ
СŸ磬ʦոѹһһˡѦСߵ
ֵֻһʰʵˣȫ۾һɨĿ̺еϣЩãȻ˵ʦģ
ˣ˵̩ġ
Ѧҩ̣ҽļڵþˣҪǣԶˡ̼Щ״ε˵
ڻعվŵ˿һۣһϵ̩Ǳʾл
Ȼ̱ôΪʲôͻȻӣǲǵ֮ǰ顣
ϸ˺һԴۣ˫һֱͷʮʹģһŵҡҼǵǰһֵˡǵһθʦôԶĵطʮʣȥʶʶ磬ʦھƵУԼһ˵й䣬ߵһŵĸһһ߿ŵ·ľһСľײһʿװˣʱǸһ˵ˤˣǸ˺ץסҵӾҪңҲ˵ʲôֻǸ˲ģʹơ
Ǹ˵ڵϵĶʲô̩ʵ
ϸһ£˵һԲԲĶ滹йŹֵķźָ롣
ɵ˵ͷ˵ֲ˼һǶһ̣ⶫʦеģһķ޶޲ãûͲˡ
Ǻôˣʵ
ҵǸǸҲֻǲͣĴңҾͼˣͻ֣ҲǸ˴Ǹ£û򵽣Ǹ˺ӣһ־͸ˣҺ£Ҿ;ЩΣ߶ЩʲôҾվһˣ죬ѹʱǸ˾ѾԶˣͷָңЦ˼
飬ҲûڽϹˣԺͻص˱;رֱӾ˯ˣʲôǵˡ˵
̺˼ҵĶȻҪ˼ң˼Ҳ㶯ֲŹˣҪǽҵ˵طƾûˡ
ʦҲģѾǸˣǲͣĴңҴûмôˡʮƵ˵
һʮּ򵥵飬С·ײһ̵ۣˣǸ̵Ҳûע⵽ʣײһ̸ˤˣƴҲǸߣΪǺܸߣһʱŭԼ̣͸һ蹷䣬һ
̺ҲܸоҲߣеķŸǲһԷûĵаŵʩҲҲԴͷ޼ƿʩΪڴϱ蹷ҧˣ˿Ȯ㾭ָ͵Ѧҩ
ڣЩ˼ʶ㣬ҵڣһ۾Ϳ֢״֮ڣܿͽˡ
Ūԭί֮ʦͽ˶һǧл˵ţѦҩ˹ҽҩʦͽ˱㲻پ˵ҪصݣҪعˡ
ߵʱ̻ߵߣ˾Ҫ֣Ҳ֪ΪΣһֱЩ䣬Ƿĵ׵̺еָףģܺһ㣬֪ǲǵ˻ָףԼᴫȾϣ㲻֡ߣҼǵöǵĺкܲϲ˷֫Ӵʦˣ̺ұʾл˰ɣֻǰ˰֣˵ÿֻǾ֮Ͷѣ߰ɣǻҪ
̺ɫЩΣҵҲЩ죬Щջ֣Ǹͽ뿪ˡ
һֱĿʦͽ뿪ӣ۷Ѧҩ̡
вЩ֣ôܹҵѦҩأ
һصѦҩ̵ʱ˸ԶֿæֻӺվԺ֪ʲô
߹ȥ֮㿴ҵСţҾЩŹ֣ƽ޹ʵľԽϺҵѦҩ̣˵ǶľʦܹģҲԶҪȻҶľʦʰɣȷһĺãʲô˱ġ
֪ɵ˼Ԭ˼пԬ̽ġ


2772 ҹ
ҲɻһϾ⣬˵ԼǴԽģԬڽǸܵĵشǸԽϽĵط֮ǰԬʼһţתۼ伸¹ȥˣһûУ˵оǹ̽鱨ġ
ȴûô鷳ɣղǸʵǱ˷蹷䣬ʱĵŵаЩﶮķţ
ڻĵĵϣҪֻʹ÷蹷˲˵һץһѣǴϳҳʮ˸Ҳͦף˵ǿأСţҾ¶СΪǲܵģһԬҪԸǣǺڶɳ
ҵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣǶСһɫ磬ȥһˣȥҶľʦʡ
ַеĵطҲûе绰еĻҲξĵ绰ҲľʦֻԼȥһˡ
ҶһҪСһЩҺȥһˣܿͻһʲô飬̸Ҵ绰
˵ľͺãֳġ
˵ţҺͳͱ˴ӣҵ˳ӣֱ¶ȥ
ڿʱҲһֱע·ߵ龰̺ʦͽ˸ոմѦҩûжãӦûԶ˵·ϻǣһ·ûпǵӰЩ
ӿǿеɻ󣬱ǿȥҶȵξء
춼ˣȥʲôͷھһ룬ԽԽЩŹ֣Ǹ̵ĺô϶ˣоааģûָо
ӵ˵ͷ˵ҵһμʱҲЩ£ЩҲ̫ˡ
Ƕһ·˵ţҽӿķɿ죬ûһСʱ͵µſڡ
ͣ˳֮ɫֱµĴŶȥҲһ羰طЩƫƧҲûʲôˡ
ߵŵʱ򣬿ſǲԸǷϻֱƵµһ࣬ǽ롣
²һܴ϶Ҳʲô츣صģԺǽ֮󣬿ĶЩξ㣬ǿ첽һֱߵ滹һƬȺһϹһӣдšοֹ
طӦþµĸɮ޵ĵط
ֲСеĺп϶ҲҪԺһһƬǸοṩĵطƱǮһǮЩµĴ޷𷨡
ȻƱǮ϶һϽصйزŵģµĺйҲֵĲ࣬㹻ƽʱĿͿˡ
дοֹӣǶ˱ٴηǽԺǽ滹һƬСĽźȺɽҺӸշԺǽûãܿͱ˸ˣǰһ߳У˫ֺʮǿôģ˵طṩοͲιۣ뿪
ҿĻȻЦ˵λСʦǲǹ棬ǹҶľʦġ
Сһ£һʹһʵҶľʦʲô
СʦͲҪˣֻҪʬɡҿ
Сʦұţһ㶣˴˿һۣǸСĺжʱ۾һʵǴ
̸ϴҶľʦȷҪλСʦͨһ¡ҵ
Сʦʱҿ࣬ǸʹһĺеʩԵƬ̣Сɮȥͨľʦ棬ܿͻ
ҵлСʦɱųźɽķȥȴǸСпǣƵġ
Скʮֺ棬һֱҿ۾ֱ⣬ЩڣݸһЦ
СбЦʵʩ˵Ҳ³صˣһֱڽĴ˵Сɮǿˡ
ҵ˵ͷ˵Լ³ˣҾסڸ߸ڴ壬ϳҲһס
һûһĸСţСжʮֺ棬ǣʵҶЩͷˣЦһһش
ӻǱȽ˽ҵģҵľסЦ
òף˰Сʱ֮Ǹʹһĺв۷˻˵ľʦҪǡ
ұǺǰ·Һӽ
·ϣһ£Ц˵СŸ硭û뵽㻹ôԵܣСȻķ˿ֻǲ֪ûгСãԺҿҪСһˡ
ҺٺһЦ˵㲻ҵСôҪȻҡ
㣡ӳҸ첲һ£۵ֱ


2773 齵ͷʦ
ǰСвʱǵһžɵķǰ棬˵ʦ棬λʩɡ
ҵ˵ͷƿš
Щ谵ֻһ򣬺һϺУǽǰ
Ƕľʦһ¡
ⶫľʦԼʮ꣬ݣ۾͸ȻźܸߵΪġ
ϴһģ滹˲ٲ֪Ϊιء
ʩǰģ֪кιɣ֮ǰʶɣľʦ
ӦһЦŵ֮ǰʶμ֮ʶˣ𣿡
ľʦҲ΢΢һЦֱ˵ĳһսҲţֻϧ⴦Сûеõéɽ֪ͨҲ֪ȥĳǵ·Щϧˡʩڴĳһսûɱ˰գ³زɶõܣһֱύֻǿûлᣬû뵽ʩȻԼЩܳ
ľʦΪéɽǱ߿϶Ҫֻֻ֪ͨǸȡϵڴĳһսҲûгɱģҼҼλ档ҿ
ľʦһֵ̾ϵͷһصǳײˣҹû³صĽ
һתľʦֵʩǶλǰģ϶ɣ
ҵ˵ͷżɽ˵ȷͷľʦ֪ϳûоһ𷨽᣿
ľʦ˵ͷ˵ȷôһ¶ĽŴϳ۷
ľʦ˵ҺӶһۣ̤ʵһЩ̺ʲûƭǣȫһ⡣
ţľʦֺʵʩʲô
û¶ǽһŹֵ飬һԶǵɮʦͽҵѦҩ̣Ǹͽ˷蹷䣬˵ܵѦҩҽεģҾǹûôһ¶ҵ
˵¶ľʦܿüͷʵǵɮ£ĸҵģ
˵Խϡҵ
ľʦ֣ҵ
ľʦֵǽʲô֣
ʦ̣ͽܽʣľʦʶôҼ
⻰ľʦɫ䣬ͻȻվ۾Ҳɴˡ
ʦʶǣӿľʦˣҲæʵ
ʶֻ˵ǰ쿪ʱдӶļλɮķ𷨽̸֮࣬һԽİʦ˵̵ˣ񲢲ʲôԽɮ£һλĽͷʦеǺ׷ϵ˲Ǳýͷģһ̸༸λǵĸɮҲη壬˵˵ĺ̫ˣڶǺ˸ˮʥ̵ҲҪӡľʦ
Һͳͬʱһҽŵľʦô˵㲢ûм̺ǸʵԽϺУ
ǲǺУǽͷʦҲԽϵģ飬ֻǰ˵̵ͷȴûмˣľʦԾ˵
ľʦ˵ЩҺͳɫ˲ĲҰףҺʼĳ
λʩôˣľʦһ¶ģ
УǵøϽȥ϶Ҽ
˵ţųĸ첲ͳȥֿ־壬Ҷûľʦкˡ
ȻľʦҺӵɫãֱӾ׷˳˵׷ʲô飬ĸһȥɡ
˵ɣҺӿ첽Уľʦǣܿͳ¡
Զҵ˳ӣǶľʦ˸ʻϣ˵
һϳұ㷢˳ӣٶȳźҶȵķʻȥ
ľʦʵʩ׷ʲôܸϸ˵һ𣿡
ӹ¶ľʦҿں˵ľʦԳǴԽĺУҵ˺Ҷȣһʵĺ˷蹷䣬˵ǾָҶѦҵҽΣ˵ܵģҽˣΪǹʽԱȥȷϣ֪Ǹʶ㣬ҲʲôԽĺУǽͷʦǵĺҶȵΣգԱҪϻȥ˶Էİ㡣
ľʦЩԾЩŵ˵ôǵĽͷʦгô
ûС֮ǰû˵רԸǵġӵ


2774 ͼı
ǵǵʲôңǵĽͷʦѰ𣿡ľʦɻ
СŸǵ̫ˣҲ֪ĸҪǲпǽǵԬҲпǺˮʥ̣Ҳ˵һصҪԸǣȻһصܶ汻ɵ˹ƣǸصķֶ滹ڣҸӽˣһصܶ汻Щһص϶ʹСŸǣʲô鶼ĳӵ
ľʦƬ̣˵·ͬСɣǰ쿪ʱʶ˼Ӷǹĸɮ֮ǰҸ˵ǸʦҲǶǺĸɮڽͷҲкļ⣬ڻû뿪ϳǣҪҪڲϳǣ˵ܰϴæ
ķɿңľʦĻȫ˶æ˵¶ԣͶľʦˣ֪˼һﵽǸʲôģ˵û˽ͷаʦҲá
ǾȻðҵĵͷȥѦҩ̣϶ͼı̽ǵϢҲöĽͷʦ˵ǲǣľʦ
ľʦ˷ҵһӾͳ˹ȵףľʦϽ绰ʰɣʦ
˭ֻļǵǸݵĴֻġľʦ
æֻͳ˶ľʦ
ľʦͨǸݵĵ绰ܿ˽ͨˡ
ľʦһţñݵǰ̨ȥ飬˽ӵ绰
һ˽ˣ˼䣬ľʦ͹ҵ˵绰ֻӣϲãʦû뿪ϳǣǽϵķɻƱ׼뿪أʮӣǾҪˡ
ľʦĻҳһǵ̫
ľʦ˵Ѿ֪ͨʦȡ˽ķɻƱҶ߸Ƿ˰ʦһ飬ʦҲʶû죬ĵĺͶԵʦС˷̵Ҳһλĸɮ
ٴζԶľʦл⣬˵ðʦһ˵ģ϶һıꡣ
ľʦ˵˶ǮƿĺᣬҸ˵죬Ŵһģ͵ǽѰɡ
һ·ϣҽӿķɿ죬޲ýӵɻѸٷɻѦҩ̡
·ϣӾ͸չһ绰Ǳûʲôչ˵ûһôˣûҵľʦ
ӽߵչһ˵˵ľʦʶʲô̺Уչʧɫ˵ûоȻǶǵĽͷʦ̫ˣô졣
˵ȽۼԺ棬һ͵ľʦһλǵĸɮǿûбǽͷʦ˽ͷ
⣬ӻѦСȥһˣȥҶȽʦӵѦҩ档
չ˵ãͽЩԸȥ
Сʱ֮˺Ҷȣ֮ͣ˱ҴҵĳѦҩ̵ķȥ
һ·ɱܿѦҩ̣Ժһ˶Ժʯǰʲôǹ׷˹
ҴϢڣ˶ľʦλµĶľʦ
һľʦ񣬶ľʦҲһһ˵
һɱȲʵľʦ治ʶǸ̵ĺУ
ľʦҡҡͷ˵ӷĵȷʶ̣⼸μϳ𷨽ʱ򣬲ŴӶǵļλɮ֪˵ͷǶĽͷʦû֮һýͷ˲ֻҪǮλҸԼ併ĺޱȡ
ţ޲ɫ䡣
ľʦɨһˣȻֵ̳ʲôӣܸܲ˵˵
һ£̿ȥʮ꣬ʮ־ݣǵɮ´磬ȫ˾䣬ϵΪܼ۾ĵطƵľ䣬ָڣҺܺǵ˻ָףɢһ޵а
ľʦһأ˵ͷ˵Ǿûˣ˾ǶĽͷʦ̣
־ʱÿһ˵УܶʱһƬ
ľʦɨһˣ̸ֵ½ͷֶʮָɫܸ֮併ûʲôӴ̣ǵ壬Ҳ㡣
˱˴˿һۣɽ˵Ӵͽ㲻㣿
϶㣬½ͷֶк֣ܶЩͷǽʬĨƤϣմʬͣͻᱻ½ͨĽͷʦ併Ҫõʩߵë¡ָ׻ùƷ̲ЩԶ˸併


2775 潵
ľʦĻ˵ɫ˲ͺɲҪҪô˵ЩǶ̸˽ͷնԸ½
ҲȻ̸ͨ½ͷȻԸ併Ƕߣ併ҪϾģҲ̫ԣһֻҪӴǵпӹһ١
ҺӴʵ壬ʱҺӶ壬йӴѦСߵ亹ˡ
ҰʲϴաҪǶ𣿡̫ˣЩŵ˵
ӣǹÿƹǵģ̸϶𱨡ҵ
˭ӴǣҶһֵ
չǿҲվ˳ǿǷ蹷һˣҺͰչʸƷ˵ϡ
Ҳ϶ˣʵ죬ݡүģӥȴӥϹۡʮΡ
һǷ׷վҵĶʱ˰ء
ѦСߡǿչɡһУǵսһ´ѹȥһ롣
ʱվߵҲЩ˵СŸ硭һţǲҲ˽ͷ
˵ҵٴοһ£ϵĺë
Ӧû¶ֻмӴнͷûλеô£㻹ЬӣӦòᱻ併ľʦ
ô˵Ƕп˽ͷΪʲôһ¶ûУչ˵
ͷҲܷģϾСǰĸǵĸɮͷ飬˽ͷ˶мԵ۾һߣɫһɫԽ֤еĽͷԽл䣬巢ʱƱУ֪λûľʦ
˵ãһ˵Ǽλ˵ָоÿ˶ŵĲᡣ
ľʦֱߵ˰չߣʯϣ˵Ҫ۾ûߡ
æҲ˹ȥһչû˽ͷľʦչƤʱ򣬽ԺĵƹһһչϹһϸϸߣֳɫϸ
ֻǿһۣľʦæ˼ʩѾ˽ͷҲʲôͷڽͷҲֻԶ
չһЩŵ˵ҡнˡ
˵ţչվֲ̿
һӴ壬СԼҲСľʦٴѵ
ľʦĻһ䣬ͻȻ䣬ҸоܵĞųһһ޵ʱԶʱƮɢ죬Ǻһ㣬⾭ʮֹŹ֣ûڣʱ۵ҽŲ˼˵ϣæһȥסͻ졣
ҸоЩʱתͷ˵ʱ򣬷ǵɫҲ̫ÿ
ǼλΪڸֻ߳࣬ɫһ䣬ܿͻָ۾ܲͣɨӣʲôһ㡣
վǲԶİչͻȻɫ˲Ǻ죬˫Ŷӣ۵ڵϲϵķæǰҪչôˣľʦһסңҲҪ
ڵϷİչ۵Ĵ󺰴УһҿչĶӹܴǳƤȻչ㿪ʼڵŻһſڱ³һƬ׻棬Щ滹ϲϵķȥޱȶġ
ԴӰչ³һ֮󣬽ϵŻ˳ǳǿֲ֡
ôоչܵ˽ͷ˹ƶأ
µʱ򣬶ľʦæֵʩеĳ潵
һ䣬һ׹⳯Űչ߷˹ȥһ׹һϵǧƣΧŰչһȦչ³ЩɫʱһƬڣȫȥˡ
ǧһ¾ͳŰչؿ˽ȥǧƽչ֮УչʱͣҲˣڵϵİչһһŸµи̥ӵķֵĽ졣
չѾڵĻ˹ȥ
ֹƬ̣չĶС˺ܶ࣬ȴŵĺܴܴҴչȥһչʲô¶һԴ㣬ԴС¶һԴ֮󣬿ȥԸӰչҴչȥʱԴȥһء
ǹŹĺʲôڴݸһ㣬廹ŤһһӰչ˳


2776 ײ
ԭö˶˵İչͻȻģʵľѣôҲ㲻ףչĶΪʲôͻȻô󣬻һһĶ˳Ҹͷĺô
ƵĶһ´ӰչĿл˳˵ϣأԷǼҲ㲻ҽӽչΪǶľʦҲǿͷаȻ֮ǰйӴǸڲͬΪλͷʦǶĽͷʦķſ϶ҪͨЩͷʦ̫ࡣ
ۿƵĶ˵ϣʮǿӵϱϸߣβʹĵ죬ǧƽҲӰչ˳ΧֻƵĶһȦǶԴһ㣬ͷ㲻ٶˣϺܿһȳİɫľʦסӣϽ˺
ֻס˱˺
ֹƬ̣ƵĶѾһ̯ˮҲֲʲô۶ӳˡ
һǧƻ첽˰չߣӵϲĺ󱳣չ۾ʮ룬ʮһܣҡҸղš
˽ͷһ
δ䣬ͻȻվһԵǿɫʱ࣬⧲֮䣬ǿͻȻγǽ㳯߿ɱ˹һæٰ˲
ǿͻȻ֮䷢ˣɫ쳣ü֮һɢĺ۾Ǻġ
һֶȫ˳һǽϱնһӡ
æҵǰǿƴһ
ǿƺƽʱҪǿ࣬ڵΪ϶мܲסģ֮ǰʮ֮һΪûлָоͱǿſˣӣڷ˵ǿҲЩмܣˡ
ǿ޹˼ɣֱֲ֣Ҷֻǲȡص״̬
һǿˣʱŵ޴룬žͳǿ˹ȥ
ǿ硭ôˣʶôհ
ȻʱǿײϣչȥǽҲտҪӴնҪ俳ڵء
ŵĴޣЩܲǿӡ
ܲˣҲܲˣ̸½ͷϢ˷ʤ
ʱͻȻ̺üҪ֫Ӵһ£һҪǮʱûȥӣѦСֽ˹ȥڶǵʱҪ֣ҿ˫ֶһлָףҲûи֡
ʱ̱һ併ͷֻûеóѡ
Ҳ˵ľʦ˵̶Ը˸併ҲûеԼҲ˽ͷ
ǰչֵǿ϶Ҳ˽ͷ
һͷһЩĶľʦʵľʦǿеʲôͷ
ľʦŷǿǻǱ˸סˡҶڽͷҲǺֻܶܵȰʦˣҲ֪ûеϳǣҪλʩסûа취ͷˡ
ľʦ˵ͻȻһľʦ˵Ķԣзʬߣǿӣ˵ܹ÷ʬ߿Խ⿪
ҪǿסС
ʱǿ󺰴УΪӵ˼ޣӺ˶ЩƲס
һ˰չٴʹǧƳǿϷ˹ȥҪǧƽǿϵĽͷǴʱǿͻȻڳһ֮ǧһʱ޷ǿ塣
ǿʱҵĶܹоʱԶʱĴ죬һҲоһͷζӶЩվȣҲ㲻⵽ôˡ
ͻȻ˲ԶվŵѦСߺ֮ǰҲǸʵļһӴ϶Ҳ˽ͷģɣҲӴʡ
ҳǼ˿ȥʱ򣬷ȫ˵ϡ
ѦСóһЩҩ裬ָɣ̷ȥԼҲһЩǿƽͷġ
ѦСߺɱ˷Դֿͷķ
ɻͭҧָѪͭϻ˼Լؿڴ
ʱѾԾˣɫҲʼ࣬΢΢ͻȻۡһ³һѪһߵһ³̯Ѫ֮оȻкüô˵֮ô³أ


2777 ֲĽͷ
³һѪ꣬ͻȻҲƵĴڵϲϵķ쳣ʹ࣬ؿڴͭҲ˵ϡ
һҪ÷ʬ߰⿪ͷľʦʮ־ֵںѵСҲ˽ͷ
ﻹô࣬˽ͷҲܿǰó˷ʬ߳˹ȥ
ʬ߸һóС˸ϵʱȴûκηӦκаʬɡ
˹ˣа飬ʬ߰ԲˬûһʧܹǶڴʱȴһЧҲûС
ûЧĲҽ˫˺ؿڣϵ·ˣҿֵʱٴһҿĺֱϾȻ˺üӵĵطѪģ֮⣬ҲֱϿʼԼ仺ٶ˳
꣬޷ݵʱеĿ־壬˵һ۾Ҫˡ
ŵĻЩĵĽʬ߻˸طȥ
һûһôȻʬܹܵϵаȴƲҲ֪⵽ʲôԭ
ʬ߿éɽʦүķȻԸ˶ǵĽͷ
ľʦ⵽ô찡һҪˣЩ޴˵
Ҳûа취ⲻǻĵаֻԶʩеĽͷӦǽͷеｵĿǰʩһʱȥǵļʦ˵˽ͷ᳤ЩĪľͻһ鼸ʮʯͷֱӽ׹ƣû˾ˡֻܵȰʦˡа취
ľʦԵҲʮֽȻҲֻܸһżʲôæﲻϣֲ԰ĸоֱɱҶҪܡ
ǸɱҪԸǣԬǺˮʥ̣Ѫ̺һص
Ȼ˴յֵĳһܣΪʲôҪĵֶΣ
ȻҲֻ޺޵ţνթҲûжԱùУֻһζԷ̫ˣֱҪȫûĽࡣ
ʹİֱǵһڸңϻǲƤ滺
ʹֻ࣬ǿű޷ܡ
֮ʣͻȻ䣬ǿǱһǧһ֮Уæǰһǿؿڣڵأһܿ챼˹ȥóǿ˺üȦ
ˣǿɻڷ裬󺰴Уҵ
ߵǿߣһǧƲܽ⿪ǿϵĽͷ𣿡
һüͷʮʹ˵ܣǳ潵ǧƻǿ⿪ǿеĽͷƳ޹أֽͷʮرǧҲûа취
ľʦ˵ｵϽǧƹȥԣЩͶҽ˵
СŸ硭ûõģԷȻ½ͷ϶֪֪ףҲ֪һֻǧƣܹǧƽ⿪ǾͲôĲһˣｵֲǹƶǧƿ϶ⲻ
ҲҪԣҼ
һΣֻǧƷɵɵڣȻѪܵĽȴңһĻǶԵģǧҲⲻϵｵеĸһЩһֻֽǧƴڷ˳
Եȡȥｫλү˵а취⿪ϵĽͷձ⿪潫ûõİչŴӵվ˵
չ˵Ҳһ취λүӻһټʮ꣬еҽֶΣν׹ƽͷּң˵λүа취
ЩǵĿһ۰չ˵ô
û¶ڸоöˣǵţȥλүӳ
˵ţչĵıѦҩ̣λүӵķķȥ
ڵĳѾȫʧأ߽ô꣬Ǵûһôߵһĵ£ȴΪ
ǿڴ󺰴Уæߵߣ÷ʬ߳ȥʬܲܽ⿪ǿĽͷ
ʬǿԴϵʱǿͻȻһٺˣȴ۾Ϸȫ۰ףϸŷʬߣĩ˵Сϵ˸ȴһ˿аʬɣǷʬֺܹһá
Ҹоǳ֣æʬߴǿŲܿ죬ǿָֻ֮ǰģĴ󺰴УŴҪҧҡ


2778 Ѫϳ
ⶫǵһͷʦµĽͷһǧ𲻵̫ãҵķʬҲɲ̫óˡ
ҪԸǵǸˡ˵Щˣ϶ǵָƣ֪ǧƺͷʬߵĴڣԣµĽͷҲǷʬߺǧ޷⿪ġ
˵ԷıѾãҪЩһ򾡣һ뵽Щеľ޷
˷ʬߣߵҡҡͷʾʬ߶ǿҲ𲻵κá
ռǿģŸ˵СŸ硭ǿ취ǿ羿ʲôͷ
ҶԽͷ˽⣬֪ǿʲôͷֻܶҡͷʾ֪
ǿ裬ɷʹĲҺ֮ϻǲжչеĳ潵Ȼܹһ⿪ʮѾȥȥλүӳˡ
Ҳֻڳ潫ǧƲһá
ͻȻ䣬һЩֵغСŸ磬ˡ㿴жӴ˳ⶤӺƶƶԴϣжӴϺʱ϶ǻˡ
æչȥһֻжӴĲӴѪѾ۵Ľкĺɳ굽ʲôͷôаţ
ҪȻȥɣ˵ⶤӾͲˡһ
õģȥ⽵ͷɻᷢҷĿܸ졭ľʦ
ô죿ѵֻĿЩֵҵǰһıͷĥ
ڶǣˮʥ̴췭ظˮʥ̵ҲкܶථýͷĺɮʱǶʮ־裬Ƿκ֫ӴԲ̫нͷ
ҼǵҲйһνͷӸҽ⿪ġ
ʱԺﲻͻȻ͸ֳӵӰ
һβһûκη¸µĽͷҪ֪ǽͷʦǿ϶ԶԶġ
ʹ࣬絶ʣҧĿ죬ֻҪٱǸĽͷʦ̣һҪʬΡ
޴֮䣬ͻȻһƺߣѦС߾ֵ
ǻͷȥʱһ֮ǰ֪ѦСҲп˽ͷȴ֪Ϊڲŷ
Ҳ֪еʲôͷö˶˵ģͻȻ֮Ѫ
ĿвѪӿ۾ӡ䡭ֻҪܹѪĵطϢѪ
ʲôҲˣֻſڵϣڴڵѪſεʱѪһƬʮֺˡ
Ѫò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻΪʧѪ
ѦСŵĲ֪룬æ˵ҩȥȥ٣ͻ³٣һö𲻵
ҿѦС߸ҩʱͻȻоѦСҲЩ̫Ծϳһë޵ĶǶĺܿ죬Ĺͳô
С߸硭֡ӿѦСߵ֣Ծ˵
ѦСæûע⵽ԼߵʶĳԼֿһۣʱԼҲһ
ֻ֣̽һֻ϶˲
һݴﳤٶȺܿ죬һգ۵Ĺֳһأ߰ôߣϣѦСߵϺͲҲٵ˲
ѦС߲֪ŵĻΪʹͻȻҲһ˺ѷεĲҽУ˵ϣش˹
ֵܼ󲿷ֶУܹľֻҺӣһա
˲䣬ս˴롣
һǻޱȣҧСŸ硭ǲԬĹ֮ǰдһţǷɾ裬Ȼͨⶫǵһͷʦ͵͵½˵ԬѾˡ
һ˵пһ£ʱ©һġ
˵ڵĴʮΣա
һѣæóֻҵսĵ绰˳ȥȻҶص鲻ôǶս廹ʮкøеģҺܶΣǸסѡ
ս绰һЩصĸֹ֧Ԯǣ߾ͽһЩ͵ĸֹ
绰ȥ֮󣬲ûдͨϸһֻһźŶûС
һæҲԼֻ˳һֵСŸ硭ֻҲûźţ϶︽ֻźŵװã϶ıѾõҪǡ
ղŰչȥѦλүˣ᲻ΣգҲ


2779 Ѫ
ǾԲܷɢģսͱô˶˽ͷҵΪʮ֮һûлָһֿȻᱻơ
һһ˵ⲻ˵չϻһֻβĲл꣬Ӧò̫ӣֻܵˣȰչλү߶ľʦǼλǵĸɮæҪȻֻܵˡ
Ѧҩ̵Ͽա
ĹѦСߵϾͳ˲ݣĵһƬЩݻ·˳ڴڵѪҾĵۡ
޿κΣ԰յʱҲû;
뵱ʱأʲôˣֻܿϵԽԽء
ԼĪӵĹ⾰ͻȻԺ洫һٵĽŲ
ˡˡ϶Ѧλүˡץס˾ݣ˵
ȻԺſһѦλүӼҴҵĸ˹󻹸·Щײײİչ
λүһߵԺԺЩˣ׷¶ŵɫ
⡭⵽ôˣѦүӾȵ
ǵĺУ˵ǹβȴǵĽͷʦǼ˽ͷλүӸϽɡҼ
λүӵĿһɨҲٶʣ֪ھҪ
ɨһۣλүӺܿߵɵߣΪصĽͷΪأѾʼﳤ
ѦүӶһֻͻȻסɵͷüͷܿ⺢еǶǵĽͷеｵеһ֣⽵ͷǺܸӣϷܲܽ⿪ɡ
˵ţѦһֻǣһֻŷĬ˿ھ
Ѧүھʱɵͷϱðһɵﳤ㻺˽ȥټҲֹͣʹİһֱӻ˹ȥ
һ԰ѦүӵֶλЧġ
ǹƬ̣ѦүӵȴͻȻͷϺܿ˺пھҲԽԽС
ѦүӸɽｵʱѦүҲڸ⽵ͷ
Ѧү˵еĽͷѪѪ֮ˣ֮лĳѪջΪʧѪ
͵ҽԺͣѪѪٶҲ첻Ѫٶȣһ
ҲѦүһһָֻסǣһֻĬһ֮ѪԽԽˣҲһЧҲ˹ȥ
ѦүӵͷҲð亹ȥ֮ܿ콫˻Щ˵ԷĽͷ̫ˣϷֻʱסٶȥҲֲ˶ãʧѪ࣬ǶסˣҲá
үӡһҪȾðҾôһӣѦҵϱһ˵
и취һԣãѪӦһģҿܲܰѪһЩѦ
һæߣӣ˵ɡҪѪУֻҪܾȻӡ
һˮѦ
չæӦһһˮѦүץһָƣ˼ѪȻôϿ˼Ѫ뵽һ棬Ѫܿںһ
Ҳ֪ѦүΪʲôҪôЩǵݵֵѪס
ѵѦүӾǿܲãԲŻô
ҲΪСɡ
ԣǿѪѦ
˵ţðչȡҺܣֱͨ˵ֱۣһѪ͵嵱С
߸ոտסǱߵѦүͻȻҵĿ˼ɫһƬǺ죬ֹͣ䣬ŴڵĴϢ
ԷĽͷ̫ˡǸӦϷڽ⽵ҲýͷԸϷҪͷʩϷϣγɷɡҺϷжϵҪȻҲˡѦүӾֵ
Ҳѹ֣λүѧҽڽͷ϶ҲһЩǿ϶ûǶǵһͷʦֵûʲôϡġ
Щĵ˵
ϷѹסһЩһһԴ۾ﳤ˿϶ǾȲˡλ½ĽͷʦõĻʮĽͷţһĽͷʦҪ̫౶ˣֵܶҲֻܽ⿪ͨĽͷѦүЩʧ˵


2780 ʦ
û뵽λѦҵүҲ޷⿪̸ǼµĽͷҲֻһĻãԼã̵ĽͷʦжôΪ
Ҳ֪ôˣֻźŶεˣҲûа취ˡ
ѦѦλүҲûţסɺְѦСߺͷǿ⽵ͷ
Ҽԭת֪Ǻá
ȻңȴڲԼԽʱ򣬾һҪѰҽİ취żҲûκô
ܿ죬ұ뵽һ⣬绰򲻳ȥϻмéɽƽ̸ҵĴҿ֪ͨéɽƽ̣к³ظĸֹ֧Ԯǡ
뵽æֽǴ˳߶ֱƣǴܿȼ
ƽˣҶѣ֪ͨ³ظ֧Ԯҵ
֪ƶᾡ콫Ϣݳȥģ֧һ
éɽƽ̵ģʱޣҲûʱʣֱӾʹӦ
Ǽ˸éɽĹϵͬһ㣬éɽѵʱҲȣéɽԲӲܵġ
ܿȼոɾ˷ɻҡ
СŸ硭֪ͨéɽüôһЩĵ˵
֪ܱû֧Ԯǿһɡҵ
СŸ硭Ҿ¶пܾԬСӸĹֻǵŻָƣ̫ƻˣһ˻ɲһ޺޵˵
ôһѣͻȻ뵽Ԭֻţһ绰ȥ̽̽Ŀڷ˵
뵽ֻԬһ绰ȥ绰ŴԬЩ绰ʮְԬҲĶ
ԭͨ绰ȷһԬǲҶȸҶΧǻɽҰ룬ԬĻӦܹһЩĽȴʲôû
˵ҲôкιɣԬ
ǲɵģֱӿżɽҪթһ¡
Ҹʲôܲܰѻ˵һԬЩͷ˵
ʲôԼԬòҪץסѱҪȻһʬΡŭ
ǺǡҺö˶˵ĴڽǣҲûȥ⻰ʲô˼ǲ鷳ˣ
˸ҵ˽ͷǶǵĽͷʦ˵¶ɵģҼ̽ʵ
㲻ҪʲôʺӶϿۣȻг𣬵֮ǰ˵һʹˣĳôֹһˣƾʲôϿۣˮʥ̵է³ҲǶаͷӣô˵ɵģԬҲЩˡ
òɵģҲҾԲŹ㣡
Ǻǡ㿪ľͺãû¶ң˵ٸκιϸ𡣡Ԭ˵ţֱӰѵ绰ҵˡ
ҿһԵһӶ˶
¶һԬģѵǺˮʥ̣ɻ
ⲻ˵ԬСһأҵǾ·񡣡һ
˵ŻʱԺŴִ˽Ųкüˡ
˶ʱٴһ㣬ſڿȥ
ʱſڴ˼İӰȫǶǴеװ
Ǹ˲ǺУѦСߵһ֣ѦСߺüˣǱˣ˽۵
ҡҰ⼸λɮӺҶȽӹˡ˵
վһĶľʦһ⼸Уæǿ˼ʦǿˣǼ˶˽ͷûа취ϵĽͷˣ
ʦȥʮң˫ţϴɮۣһ鴮ľʦ򵥵ĺ䣬ͳڵ˽ͷļ˿ȥ
ڰʦߣУʦ£װҲ࣬һͷܸߣһ׾ţһݺܰرڡ
˾ֱڵϵ˹ȥ
ʦֻһۣʱ¶֮ɫЩ˵˼仰˵ĺԽû
Խϸ̩ܽҲ࣬ܶ˶ԣ̩̽ʵʦܽ⿪ѵĽͷ𣿡
ʦһ㶣̧ͷңȻûϵһ˵̩ģ̩Ļһô̩
֮ǰѧһԶҲȥ̩ʶһλ̩ĸɮʦ֪ʦϲʶҿ
ʶʦ֡ʲô֣ʦԾˣЩ̫ŵʵ


2781 ⽵
ʦƺʦʦ֣бЩССļʦΪʦΪ϶ҲˣΪðʦ⼸ֵܽ⿪ͷҪϵʦϣһȫҽǵġ
ҸʦʶüˣǳҴʦ϶ǵҡҵ
˵ǰʦǳԾѣԭʦ˵㣬ˮʥ̵ߺ͵³ɱģǰڶǸ˺ܴ̣Դɱ˵³֮󣬺ˮʥ˺ܶ࣬û뵽Ȼſ
ʦˣɱߺ͵³Һҵѣһǽͷʦ̵İ㣬ü˶˽ͷͷʦмһ֣ϵ˵
ȻʦѣǾҰɵѣģһᾡȫǵġʦ
˵ţʦĿٴɵϣ̵ֵۣĶŽͷеｵеԴϳ˾ͱˡֻǣ˵صķŸʱסˣ֪λˣ
һ۾ܿɱʩȹȻϣˡ
ָѦҵλү˵ʱסģλүеϽҽڽͷЩ˽⣬ǻ޷׽ϵĽͷֻͷʦˡ
벻֮ػԻڣȻܹŷס̵Ľͷ
˵ţҲٶԣλɮɵӻĲ˵ϣɳ׻ԣϳʮϸܲ˴Ŀġ
ǶĽͷʦõǶŴУʮײϣֻҪ㹻Ǯͻ併ԼҲŹ֮ǰ̼һ棬Ҳ֣˵Ϊڱ֮ϣԣҲûʮİܹ⿪ϵĽͷֻܾһԡʦ
⻰ҵٴ˵Ͽ춯ֽ⽵ͷɣҲָֻ˼ˡ
ʦٶԣ΢΢ͷȥסɵԴһֻе鴮пʼ˾ģԭȥɣͻȻ˷ӦӾҵĲҲŴͣ﷢ˡ죬ͷϿʼð̶
Ǽ˶ΧΧŵĿţĹͷˣɲϵڻŲ˻ȥܿͲӰҲ֪ЩǴðģֻصʲôط
ֹƬ̣ʦоԽԽ죬ͷϳϸϸĺ飬ϵҲڿٵļ٣ۿŴϵҲҪʧʱ򣬰ʦͻȻ΢΢ζһ£Ȼֹ
Աߵһĸɮæ˰ʦߣ׷׽ɵļϣҲֱó鴮ͬʱ˾䣬һ𣬽ΧĞųݣվһԵңʱоЩƣִĸо
Ϊ̫˵Եʣҿ˶û
λɮһӳ֣ͬϵĽͷ
ԼĪʮӵĹ⾰ϵųײͻȻһ죬һѪѪ֮ȫǴСС
³Ѫ֮ɲʮ
Һһ΢΢ͷ˵ûˡ
ʦ˿ҲʮƣɫЩ԰ס
λϵѾ⿪ˣֻúϢһʱ䣬ܿȬʦЩ˵
ǼӰʦһǧлʦֻ΢΢ͷ⼸˽ͷ˿ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬰ʦָ˵СеѪȻҲʱѹסѪѹ֮ʱɥʱȸ⿪Ѫɡ
˷׷׵ͷʦλǵĸɮߡ
һѪһϵѪҿʱ򣬾ǵһμģһ㣬ɫҰףûһ˿Ѫɫޱȡ
ʦֱߣɮ࣬ͬѪ
ϴһʦһоһ鴮һֻֻϡ
״̬ʮңλɮͻȻͬʱ˵ĽҲҵĿٴϵʱͻȻһ֮в֪ʲôʱȻٴλʳѪ
ʲôǽ⽵ôô


2782 ҵĵ
һ֮оȻٴλʳѪʱѣæ˹ȥ̩Ｑеʰʦôˣ
ʦһֻŷ飬пٵž䣬۾ţλ̩ĸɮҲˣһʦ˶û۾һۡ
ʱľʦæǰһסһĸ첲˵ʩλǵĸɮʩλŮʩ⽵ͷ;ͣ٣һͣͷʦܵͷķɣ롣
һ׹ȻޱȣҲֻĿ֮ٴʳѪ
ģʮֺˣҲžģλǵĸɮҲЩϰ£֪ǵܲܽ⿪ⶫǵһͷʦĽͷ
ΪղŰʦҲ˵ˣԼͲ̵Ķ֣ڰʦһˣλɮŷΪҲӡ
ò̾ⶫǵа
еķŴ඼ƴֶΣûнӴֱ˵ķš
ĵߴֶΣЩаĵˣڻĵĽ֮Ҳ֮Ϊа벻˽˵ķۣɵȻҲʮֱֶΡ
ֹƬ̣ʦоԽԽ󣬺оںһ
ҽŵĳ˿ȥ˵嶼ʼǰʦıǿ֮оȻҲѪ
áʦܵ̽ͷķˡľʦֵ
ô죿ͣ𣿡ӽ
ͣ⽵ʱ򣬲ܰ;ϣһǿֹҪôҪôɥοԷǶǵһͷʦ̣͸˵ˡľʦֵ
һλǵĸɮΪҲƴˣ⽵ͷȻҲ֮ǣҪǿҺʦЩķݶϣҲƴ
Һ޲ҲߣһʩֻϧԼС˷̵ķš
ʦԽԽʹˣϵĺˮͣɮȫʪ͸ˡ
ֹƬ̣ҿʦеķͻȻ׷ױѿӷۣɢһء
ǰʦҲһƺߣ˴Ѫ
ʦеǣҪǰʦȴҿٵİ˰֣ʾҲҪȻ³һѪҲֻһ٣ٴ˾䣬ʼԿ̵Ľͷٴν˽䣬ҲֻǶ϶ԵʮַλɮҲôɣҡҡλΣž䡣
Ȱʦеƽ֮ͻȻһڴóһѶ̵һֻ֣͵һ³ĻȥƶʱѪע󣬰ʦ㽫ѪҺȫԴϣѪ˳ͷ·ȾѪɫ
Ѫͷϵʱ򣬰ʦľҲԽԽ죬ֵַˡ
ԭ֮лѪͻȻͲѪʳͣҲ𽥹ƽ
ѪģֹѪȣܿȶ
ʦѪķʽסѪǺܹõġ
ֻǲǼһڻ״̬ͻȻ۾Ѫ۵֮ϣֳһ˿ʮֹЦݣһ˿֮⡣
⧲䣬ͻȻڵɣ㾹ȻҽµĽͷ֪ĺ𣿡
ʮϤԲǰʱǼǸ̵һεεŮˣȻô϶˵оʮֹ졣
ֹͣо䣬ص̣ڶаҲͰˣܵ˻ýͷɱ޹֮ˣΪɮܼȣȰְɣǼ˲ǵġ
ɣһǸ߿㣬СﶼǲҲ̫ƵˣǱ׾ٵҪ֣ǼˣҲǼ֮ǰڻĶôһ̵·һҪҵĽͷҵĵˣ뿪һҲýͷɱˡùǻת̵Ļ
̣㣬ҾͽʬΣģһ㲻ú̵Ǻ֮ǣԭҪȴж½ôһ߶ûС
ǺǡǮǼ˵ֻǮ¶ֲңҽ⼸ɱ֮ʰ㣬ҵŰɡתͷңɭȻһЦ


2783 Ѱ
̽˵Щ֮󣬰ʦûٸ˵ȥһӡԴһģһٴλ˹ȥ
ʦоٴ
ʱһһǸɮͻȻ۾ѵĴϢ˵ǸħͷӦþڴӷԲķΧ֮ڣһֱǶԿҪȻСϵѪѾ⿪ˣһֱǶԿĻСѪⲻǼҲܵͷķɶ취̸ҳʩǲŻгɹʤ㣬Կȥֻ·һ
ôܸʩҼ
ֻҪоǶԿУѪǺܿܽ⿪ļҲû⣬ǱҪЩҵ̣Ҳֲ̫ʱ䣬̵Ϊ̫ˡǶǵĸɮѵ˵
ãͳȥ˵ţұҪſڵķȥ
СŸ硭ҸһȥӺһæ
ͣһ£в뵽̵ĽͷƾڵΪҪԸƺѣӸȥҲá
Һ׼һȥ̵ʱ򣬶ľʦͻȻסǣ˵ǶǵһͷʦƾȥƲĶ֣ٽһ˸ţʤ㡣
طҲΣգǶȥˣҲȫҺȥɡҵ
õǣͷӻһٶ꣬Ҳ׸ģǶ˹ȥҵֹ̣ʩҪȻӶ񻯡Ѧүӵ
Ҳȥɣһ𣬸һЩһЩĵĿһۣ˹
һһܣܹսֻѦλүӣչĳ潵ոս⿪ûжã廹ڻָսǺǿɵҲ⿪ˣҲ
ľʦջɿһսλǵĸɮڸǽ⽵ͷ޷
սЩƵһȫ
ԥˣǿȥأϼһ￴žͺáѦүҲߴٵ
˵˵ͷҪ뿪ʱͻȻľʦٴνסǣѵ֮ǰҸʦ۹а֮£һҪ߶ͷʱ򣬿϶űʩ֮˵ľԽԽãǶǵһͷʦΪ幫֮ڵķΧ߶ͷǲҪߵ̫Զֻڴ幫֮ڵķΧѰҼɣһҪȥأ
֪ˣͶľʦˣû뵽ֳôӡҸм
ĸѦԨԴ㲻ȥң֪϶ҲæģǸϽȥɣΧܴǲҪٵʱˡľʦ
£һֱӱԺӣŴȥ
һߣһ˵СŸ硭ǷֿҰɣҲд˭ҵ˷֪ͨǾϵ֧Ԯ
µκһҵ̣ƾûʱȼˣҾûǲҪֿĺáӿһ۵
ӵУұ㿴е뷨ǵҴ˿̵Ϊ̵Ķ֣һ̣пܱ·һԲŲǷֿ
ǲֿĻӷԲ幫ķΧҲ̫һЩǾҵҲҲ̵Ӱʱƻ˶ˡ
ʱͻȻһ뵽˴Ǭ˱ȣæǵа취ˣСȳæ
˵仰ʱһ϶¶ϲɫ
СΪܹͨԲʮ֮ڵĹˣòġ
ΧвٷĹ»ҰҲ࣬ҵҲǶôѵ顣
ţұ㽫СȴǬ˱˳һ˵Сæ˵ͷ˵ͽԲʮ֮ڵĹȥҡ
С˼ʱӰƮЩﳯС߿һۣٵĳ˷ɢ˳ȥ
СƮǰ棬ɵĺܿ죬һ˶һۣСȵǰ汼ȥ
ܿ죬ǸЦȾͳ˴ӣŴһɽ֮жȥ
ѦҲΪӣסطʮƫƧԲ֮ڶһ˼ңֻһСӣҲûжˡ
ǸոձûãͿ˷ֶ׷׳С߿Ȼٵĳ˷Ʈɢȥ
ǰ֮Ѿߵ˻ɽҰ֮УܺһƬƮǰСͻȻͣתͷ˵СŸ硭йټ顣


2784 Ӥ
СȵĻǼ˶һ㶣Ȼˣ϶̶ֽţֱȥǸ϶ܹҵ̡
СŸ硭̼ȻǶĽͷʦ϶Ҳ˹СϡƽѭĹķȥһܹҵ̣ҵҲǧƽĥȥѾģҶǵ½ͷǲ֪һҧ
ûôסСͻȻЩΪѵ˵
ôˣɻ
ĹﲻֻһüطУסЩȥ·ܶټ鶼Щ׺Ĺ˻ǣҲ֪żЩ඼ǹ»ҰûʲôУ޷Щ￹⡣Сֵ
һصĵطԽؾ̵֤ķԽǵطڡҵ
áһ¡ٴһ۾ֻһ˲۾ٴһָ˵ǸطأǸϽȥɡ
˱˴˶һۣæ˽Ų첽ȥ
ǰʮӵĹ⾰ͻȻǰƮ˼»ҰκܵʱҪɢģǼأЩ»ҰҲҿһƮȥ
ȳһָʱһǽΪƮ˹ɪɪǼֱӹ˵ϣûǰ
ƮĹһͷĴ磬Ʈȵһ࣬һξ룬ϵıʮ־֡
Ϊ˾ţǰʲôС
ͷһ߷һ˵ɼҡҵȰķԸǰȥ˵ټǵǰǴɽȵʱͻȻһʮ׶Ӥ飬һ˼ʮ˵ĻǣҺϷӵĿ죬ҪȻҲӤɵˡ
Ӥôʵ
ͷסĵͷ˵סԹܴ󣬱Ҫס
ðɣ֪ˣ߰ɡȰ˰˵
ллɼҡͷǧлƮǼߣһͲӰ
СҲЩջˣСȭͷ˵Ȼ۸ҵĹҲСӤˡ
˵ţСȱ㰴ողǸͷָķƮ˹ȥ
СȺٶŭһɲǣô˵ҲǸмߣ¹ʲô϶Ķ֣ǵҸɽ֮ɵĹɣܹСһв
СƮĺܿ죬ĹƬɽ֮Уһ㿴мӭƮĲҺ֮滹һӰƮ׷ǡ
ɼҾӤסƮȵߣֱӹǰ
С۾Ǹ׷Ӥ鿴ȥѪɫɷʱȫƮɢǺӰܵȵϢʱͣǰʮ׵ĵطǰ
Щ»ҰһСȾǿ˾ǣһȫֵĶСȵ
ȥǺӰʱ򣬺ܿ۳һΣһӤģļΪֲԴ綷ռӣԴϻһܲϡɵļëճͷƤϣһ˫۾Ҳܴǽһ͹ۿӶǺɫģЩĵڣڲϵµźɫѪҺЩھһѵϺҿһĿġ
֮⣬Ӥϻһɢɷ
СȻ׶񣬵ڸܵǹϢ֮Щη壬ֻƯǰ棬ǰ
ôĵӣҵ¶ɣҲˡ
˵ţһ˦֣ɺɷӤ˦˹ȥ
ӤȻŭԹأͺһֱӳ˹Ǻܿ챻С˦ȥɺɷסڵ˵ϣʹİ
ǹһи㶨
ʱӤͻȻӵɺɷ㳯źȥҪܡ
ҵôסСһͻȻһӤոƮɶ𣬱ٴδӰ֮е
СȽųǴͷӤƮ˹ȥǼ˶һۣҲС˹ȥ
С׶ɹ»Ұһż飬ڸҾһСָӤȵ
ӤȻסȴûдʹ˷ɲϵķͺ𣬻С
С̫ˣҿŶЩܲˡ
Сȶʱŭ˵ҵģһҶ㣡
˵ţСٴ˷пʼĬ˿ھӤĺɫɷһԽԽӤʱʹ֡


2785 
СʩչֶιéɽڳҢ˴ڸĿ䣬𷨾ʱǸСʱ쳣ʹ࣬ĲҺ֮ԼĪӵĹ⾰ǸӤЩֲסˣ˵ϣСȿͷֹ﷢ˡɺɡ죬ġ
СֹͣٴӤʲôطӤ֮Ǿ֮ɫ̧˿ڵС֣һָû˵ʱٴηһĲҺһźɫϢȻ䱬ѿ߿ٵӹ
ãҳһˣǺӵٶȺܿ졣
СٴһɷɷƯźɫɷܿɵĸɸɾԣЩɫϢûմȾǵϡ
תͷǣ˵ӤܹԶ̿סӤ飬Ӧ֪Ҫй¶Լ٣ֱӽӤĻɢˡ
úݶĽͷʦԼӤ˵ɱɱ
Ӥɢ֮ǰָȥ˵̿һֱ
Ƭ̲ҵ飬ڰɵȽͷʦڸǽ⽵ͷһӶֻðǸСӤָķ첽С
СһֱƮǵǰ棬Ǵ·ҿСȵΣдΪһҪɢСѾͷĻǣҵߣôϤҲܹһ棬뵱꣬׾ٵľͱԬʶ֮£סǿӤ顣
ţΪ޷ָǰСѾͷߣҲ̫ηЩǿУߣϻһ޶ʦ֣ҲһʮĴɱ
һһЩ飬ţͻȻס˽Ų뵽ʲô⣬תͷһɻĿҡ
ӿҵЩ֣һҲЩԾҲס˽Ų˳졣
ǰСҲһ٣ͣɻĿˡ
ӵһҲ˽ͷɣ
ʶ˺һɻӣôˣ
ҸղͻȻһ⣬ǳ֡ü˵
ʲô飿һ
֮ǰͼ˴绰Ѱ֧Ԯֻ򲻳ȥֻ֮ôéɽƽϵǺСŸԬһ绰ΪʲôͻȻʹͨأӵ
˵ʱҺһһ㶣׻һ㡣
ʱЩңߵһͷȫּգſԬֽţ㻳̽һµԬһ绰ȥԬͽͨˣ˵֮ǰǷ
ھһѣ׹ζǰ֮ǰ绰ûдȥΪʲôƫƫԬ绰Ͳ˳ȥء
ţҽֻ˳ֻźŵģһ绰˳ȥȴǴͨ
⵽ʲô
һҲֻһ£绰ɴ򲻳ȥ
Ƭ̣һ˼˵ҾԬڼֻֻܹܹͨλķλڱʱ֪һֶּΣȻҲǺڿƼֻҪһֻͨͨһֻԷֻһͨԷֻȷԷĻΧԾȷһ֮ڵķΧǲֻһ˿϶ԬˣҪȻҲֻܴͨԬһ˵ֻ
ҵһ˵ʱߵһȫ˽ͷֺޣȫȻֻ򲻳ȥˣֻԬ̽һ£û뵽ĴͨˣԬҲҵĵ绰ܵʱԬû뵽һͻȻ绰
СŸ磬֮һӱ㽫ĻıǣˣƻǮӶ̵˾Ԭҹ鷳̹½¶ˣѵˮʥ̻Ķͷϣ˵ԬǺһţɿжôƻˡӳ
˵ԬΪʲôͻȻҷһ͵Ŀݣ˵绰ҴȥĿĲͣҪҵֻ룬ӶҽмͶλѵ˵
СŸ˵ǣֻԬ϶Ϊֻ֪ŵˣŵùѣЩҲֻܽй¶ȥԬ绰ֻŸй¶ٲȡȽļֶζмͼءȻ̸½ͷСĻ̫ˣֱˣˣһˣҧгݵĶԬһ١
Ҳ޵Ԭôұ


2786 ź
Ǽһ飬һ߼ȥ
û뵽Ԭʼ߿Ƽˣֶǡ
һʼҾ;ԬǷûģһֱҲ벻ԭҵֻŸ
ǰһ裬ǱԬˡ
ͬʱ룬˵ԬҲһˣпܾΧŻ֮ǰЩ飬ÿһԬСӶܹȫˣСĽ
һпҲǲӲӥ͵͵ĳطʩЧ潫Щ˸˴룬ԬͻðͷԸǣһ˴
һ飬ȻԬܹͨҵֻλôҲӦȫԬУȥ֪Ӷ̶ǡ
뵽ҽֻٴ˳ֱӹػȻһҰֻػԬܹҵķλ𣿡
һҡҡͷ˵ػ֮ӦþҲ˰ɣҾñ㻹ǽֻĵطһּܹڹػ֮ҲλأҾӦòҪػǽֻǺԶĵط
һҲǣæǬ˱ңʦָ˳
ʦԴڴĳ󻤷ʬʵʬ֮󣬾һֱһ˯ѵģվڵ϶ҡҡλΣƤ˺
Һü̧Ƥһۣұ˵һͨҵֻԶһǸ෴ķȥ
ʦֵ˵ͷұ㽫ֻҡҡλεĳһ˳ȥ
ȶʦܳһξ֮󣬻ܹѭϵζǡ
һڿ֮£ֻĶλԬһźţԴ֤ǲǳȥǳŶʦֵķȥˡ
ֻҪԬϵ̣ͻʩλ̩ɮԿ
Ǿܹҵ̣Ӷֹʩˡ
ʦܵĲӰ˱˴˿һۣ
ˣǰ˴Լ߰˷ӵĹ⾰ͻȻһOO@@죬ΪָǰеʱһֱǰٲϵֶΧĶOO@@ȻҲܿ촫ҵĶ
һ֣ͣ˽Ų˵
˶ס˽ŲֱܿȥĹ򣬵˷Ĳݴ֮΢΢۾һֲݴ֮оȻ˺ܶ඾ߣٵĳƶ
˶֮⣬кܶĶ棬ЩҶв
Щ֣Һܿжϳ̽ͷʦ϶ڸ֪ҹˣԣŻųЩԸǡ
׻˵׹ƽͷּңаͷһǳ潵ҲԸһЩ档
ҿЩĶ֮󣬽סЦˣҿһҪȻǻЩ鷳ǧƿЩǣǰ֣ʲô͹Ƴ涼
ǹعǰˣ󵶣֪һһߣһؿڣǧƱϷ˳ۿЩ˷ǸΧˣһоǧƵϢ̱ͣԭһˡ
һǧҪЩɱķʱȴס˵𼱣ǧƿЩ棬Ϯǡ
һ˵ͷǧƱΧЩƳٵķһȦĳ򷢳һֵ죬ʱǵõĳٵľۼһ𣬳Ŀٵ˶ȥ
Ǽ˾͸Щǰ첽ȥ
вʱҲ׵ľ룬ǰһƬïܵӣЩ̾ӵΧǰˣЩ滥ѻһĵǡ
ԼУҺоƬƮɢ˳
һֹһо䡣
һһۣ΢΢ͷһٴθǧƷ˺ǧƿٵĳЩ˹ȥ˲䣬ЩǷһܲĳǰƬӼȥ
ʱЩоʼЩ£ͣ١
֮䣬вҽ
Ǽ߹ȥһʮǵĺվһֵȥһǵĺбߺͶҧסҵǣһһߴҽУǰûм㡰ͨأֱӱЩҪҧˡ
ʱһϤӰЩем䣬ֳǰһѰɫķĩڵϣЩЩϣմȾ˰ɫĩЩ϶ʱðݣܿ컯һ̱ŧѪ


2787 ҹ
ԼٶȣǸ˳˺ְܶɫķĩǱЩ棬ɱȫɱˡ
ȻǧƵĿ֮£ЩͶɳǰЩɱȥһմȾЩɫķĩ̾ͻɥǧƱ㲻ٿЩȥˣֻǷ˷ʮǵɮ¸Χ
ղǸĩļһǽ类ǽ⿪˷蹷ʣ̵ͽܣ϶ҲΪͽ֮һҪȻҲȥǵĻ
Щɮ£ӦҲ̵ͽܡ
ЩˣҽŷԸһʹܵĹ»ҰƬӸΧˣ￴ʣ̿϶Ҳɲ̸ˡ
Ǽǰ˼ʸʮɮվһЦеĿǣƺǵĵ⡣
û뵽ôҵһǵ͹ǵʵЦ̩˵
Ҳû뵽˸ܵǵĻʦǹ𣿡ѹŭ˵
ʵĴЦ˵ǲǹģȥģ֮ǰҺʦ֮ǰ˵ЩжôѶԸΪжôߣʵһȺһôʦĽͷԸǼֱ̫ˣҪǰǼ˵ңǱߵѾ˰ɡ
СǼŭңеݺǣԭϵķ蹷ǿԲܵģѦҩǿҽĵطֲаʱ뿪Ҫ־͹Щ˵̫ˣ֪Ҫǣ˷蹷䡣
ʦͽΪ׬Ǯʲôĵֶζʩչ
˵֮ǰҴȥҶľʦʱɽ·ûпʦͽˣԭǸûߣǶڴΧ͵͵߶ͷ
ʦأһѾǹǽ˳ָʡ
ʦôףȹһ˵ʺٺЦһͻȻ۾ٵ˾䣬ﻹһչޣ˸ӣʱ˱ǣŻ
һŵӳζҶʱЩͷǣһһʲôչĳζѬ𣿡
СŸ硭õǶǵķѪ괣ļҵĺߵѪӳʮ飬Թ֮ǰڱʱ˵˶аʮְԵǶСһЩһЩ˵
ôģ˵ôô֮˵ѪǸʮ꣬Ź֡
ʮֺ棬ԿһûôʲôĹѵȻĵĹ
ŪĹҼСĹô
ž䣬ߵʮҲһͬоļӳ֣ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ죬һ֮˷ƮɢҶʱоһĺ䡣
ҡĺòҰءһУҲҵ֪Ʈ˳˵Ĳ֪Ĺԣһ¾ˣҶ˵һʱ󱳳һİë
ʱͻȻһµŮ֪ʲôʱʵߣɫĳɢǰ棬оӵӻӲֻ࣬·һ
ǺôԹȻҲǲ
ǸŮ֣ȶʱǵǰ棬һֶû˵
ʵĴЦʦڶʮǰ鱱ҵһ£ʮڳ޵İ·ϱ˽ߵģʬҰʮ죬һ˿ңʬ嶼ùˣʦҵŽѪӳ˶ʮ꣬ԹޱأκֻҪϣ̱жǾɣ
ĺòҰءŮͻȻһ£Ĺǽ죬ͷƤ顣
ʵҶŮûж־壬Ǿⶫǵа̫ģֲò˴ĵΪݡ
һԵһҲ¶ޱɫ
ǺҪǵʱСϵɷʱٴɷڣͻȻŮһָȵҹ£
ͨһŮֱӾ͹Сȵǰɪɪ
ʵıʱ±ˣղŻôôţȣһжûгСһǳֱӹ˵ϡ
ҲǼû뵽ģô˵ĹҲ̫˰ɡ
ǹĹﻹ治Ǹһεġ
ЩŵĿŹڵϵǸŮӶ˳ꡭô𣿿ɱǡɱЩ㺦ˣ


2788 Ѫ
кǺĺŮϴӵԸǣСǿĹ֮£ǵǿĹֻȫܵѹơ
ʵɫǵͨ죬ŵĿǣ΢΢Цʣ㵹һԣúõǶǴţƫƫҪΪƾ⼸ͷʦܵǻҰ𣿡
ˮʥ̵˶ҵҰҲҹǵĻҪǻ뿪һġܡ־͵дһҲŭ˵
ŭһͻȻóһѼ⵶óһͷ˵ϣһƣѪͷϣأ˾䣬ʮ̵ͽҲһͬо䡣
ٴһʮԹǺŮ뵿
ԭڵϵĺŮͻȻվһĹХͳӭ
Ů˹ʱԹ᲻ɢĻ֮УЩơ
ŮԹ֮ɼһߡ
ѪӳֵǸͷпܾǺŮԴѪӳ֮£ǺŮҲη壬һеĳɱ
ҵΪ֮ǰʮ֮һûУصԹȾ֮£ܵ˺ܴӰ죬һҲüͷ
ô󵨣СŭһֱӻɺɷǺŮƶȥ
СȶԸǺŮǱûʲôɵˣ׷˷ʵɱ˹ȥ
Ҽ˽꣬һΣһɨǧͳ˹ȥֹͣо䣬ɫʮһ½еͷ˹
ʶ䣬ýһ㽫ͷ˳ȥײͷʱҲ֪ôˣҵԴһΣ죬Ե˵ϣʱоһɺѸٲ˽֮ϣȻӵҵϡ
ͷúصҿ϶ʵİ㣬ͷҹʱ򣬱ϵҿ϶ýֵͨ괫Ⱦ˹
ܼ򵥣ͷǺŮķýȥͷʱ򣬱㽫ǺŮԹ˳Ӷ˺
ϾǶǵһͷʦ̼ӳ˶ʮŮǰɾܹ㶨ġ
ԹﵽϵʱֻǰһڣҪԵڵء
ͬʱ֮Уҿһʣһѽħ͵һ³Ŀڴ˹
үģΪûлָȻôҺö˶˵ģ֮ھܽЩһȫɱ⡣
оеĽħҪϵʱ򣬶ͻȻˡһ죬ȻĴһ֮Թĸоʱ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱһֻץסҵĸ첲
۾һڹؼʱҽʸ˳ȥ
ͻȻ˺ɫĻ⣬Ȼһĺɫ˰ղŴﵽϵԹȫȼ
ָоʮʱҾһɡ
СŸ硭ɱʣ˵ţһƴһ𣬼йʱ㱻Ӻм֮ˡ
ЩͷʦںеֶοԣƴɱֶǲһЩ̵ͽʸͲӵĶ֡
ӶԸʵʱһͦһǹǽֱɱʵʮʦֵܡ
ͬʱǧҲٴηɳʮͷʦɱȥ
һڴĳǵʱ˱ͲأǧһֱڸˣǻָһһȫʢʱڣǧЩͷʦʮּɵֻʮͷʦ֮ط裬ŵҶ㣬һ֮䣬һɱ˶Է߸ˣ޲һ
Щ˵ֶεȷôһУæĳһӴܡ
ҲӵĶֱ֣Ķӡ
ҷߵķͬһطӦȥѰ̵İ
Ǽ˱˴˿һۣٵ׷ȥϾΪ̫ǼҲܲǣ׷ɱǵͬʱһ·֮Ҳǿˣֻʣһ˶·ӡ
ȫŲˣһһ߻󺰴˵ʦ
׷׷ţһ֣ʾͣ½Ų˵
ҺһܿͣŶһܿԶĵطһоĵ죬ʱԶʱ죬ͷĿѣĸоٴϮҪŻµĸо
оĞųʮӴ󣬶γ˺ܴӰ죬ӺһҲЩ̫̹˼֡
һַֻҵĺģһ֮ٴδĳطһָʾǳǱȥ


2789 ſ
ǿҵĲʸУǶ˳ȥоԽԽҪñ˰һ⾭ѹȸУҾʱпڵϡ
ʱ֮еһƬյϿϤӰһǲϺϢʣֵĿǣһڵϵ̣˫ֺʮ˫ۣž䣬ȻžŸɫͷΧͣת
һߵ̻ʮ׵ĵطʱ򣬱㲻ͣŲĻ棬Щɵ
Ͼǰ̿ǶǵһͷʦûмˢӣҲټͷ
ֱҵ̻һֱž䣬һұƶϳ̻ʦ˶ԿûнѦСߺǿء
еģƲûʲôˣ֮ǰʦ˶ЩΪ̣ǰʦģ˴ѪԴ˼ӳΪ̶Կ
ʦҹˡӵסǡʴŴηĿǼˡ
ʱ̵ľ֮ͣЩͷ˵ϣ۾߿˹ȴһ˿Ц⣬ٺЦλٶȺܿ죬ûüһɱˣǾ˹ûϵҽǼ˸ɱˣɱҲ٣ɵҲֻʣ°ˣٺ١
̣˭ԸǵģЩȲʵ
̻ӵվ˵ԲЩרŸ½Ľͷʦְҵصģܹй¶ͻ˽ֻǮƣ֣ɱʲôˣҲܣֻҪǱ̶סˣû¹һڣҲһ
˵ĿǺ⣬оǵĿмֱֵһᣬɱɱһ㡣
Ҵ˵ݼһ֮ǰѦҩ̵ʱǿͿģûһɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
һмˢӣҲʵһ˲˲ĶȻ㲻й¶˭Ҫǵҿɲһ£ǵֵǮ
̺ٺһЦϵľ΢΢ԵԵʮֿĵ˵Ǳʴ⣬ԴͷʦҲǽӹһʻ˵ˣɱһˣһǧ̩ȽֵǮҶǧ̩֮ҾͲٸһУȫ԰ˣҽͷµûһҲаǧˣҲû׬Ķࡣ
һʱûתתͷһһǧ̩Ƕң
һ̩ǧңһǧ̩ǶңСŸȽֵǮֵİ򣬶ԷȷǴֱʰһЦ˵
ȥǮȷǲ٣סѦҩ̵ֵֻܼʮˣȫɱˣ˵ǧϣȷǿ԰꣬ϴˡ
ҳ΢΢һЦ˵̣׬ǮװҸ˫ļǮ㽫ɱˣһô
٣̺ЩȤæʵ
ҲһﻹǮˣϸһ룬Ҹǧֵ̩ǧңЩô
۾һֵСôǮô
Ҳ̫Сˣ˵ϵǮ˵λֵһһ׸ҿϰڣóǧ㣬ţ֮һëҵ
̹һЦֵû뵽ôǮ֮ǰ˵ˣǽͷʦְҵصģ˭ҵңҾ͸˭¶ҪȻǽͷʦĹȫˣ㵹ңһҸܵСһŽͷٸǼҪǮˡ
ҿһ治ҪһЩͲסеǹǽһһâͳն˹ȥк
ǵâ˵棬ֱն˹ȥһӡǰһģâʱı˹켣һ´˲Զһϣʱǿȼˡ
̵ܹУǿԺЦȪˡɭɭЦţֳŵϵǼͷһָǼͷʱƮɶ𣬻̵ߡ
һĻʱˡ
Щͷڶ˫֮ʱâٵѪͷֳȻ󻹳ӣŸͷܿ˾ŸðźĹͷУ̵ߣɫأɢֲϢ
ŸͷҶԿĶǽͷʦýͷǸɱˣȻǵԴǽͷ֮У˷ŸͷʦǰҲǶʮĽɫǺú桭


2790 Ϯ
ͷʦĽͷʦŵʱкýͷɱں֮ˣԹپ̶ѾΪ˰壬˷ǹа쳣һеĹʲôڣڻĵĵ֮׳ƹޣﵽһʮֳȻĴڣǹɣɽػ֮λһмߡ
ֶҲ˽⣬ŸͷĹԷͬһ㣬Щ޺͹ɢϢȫһϵаأɢ
һ̸̣Ǽ˶һ۾Ÿͷʦ
ʱͻȻƮһŨһͷһɺɷҵߣûΣǼ˵ǰ
СŸ硭һˡСȾĿǰǼͷʦͷҲص˵
Ǹأʵ
ҸˡҲҵĳȣԹ̫ˣֻܰɵˡСȵ
Сô͸㶨Ǹ׶飬ǰæʮοǺŮ϶ĵ
һߵСȣʱ۾һסѿڶСҼκһﶼҪǿСôôģ
ֻҪǶˣһڣᴹߣôȿǱ˰ķЩ֪˶ĹҢƽ̴ڵͳéɽɹѾüˣϵɺɷ˲ɹǣ۷
ⲻССҵŮһҵ
ԼŮСôû뵽أСԹرأʩ߿϶ҲΨǴӣ̫ˡ̾
ȥүģ˵ȾŮһ̾ȻŮɵĹӣַƳһСʵ˷ָ
ǾŸͷĹڸܵϵĹϢ֮ϵɫҲǴ䣬Щη塣
ɱǣСҪˣҪԺ̵ˡһָ֣ǾŸﳯ
һһâ˹ȥǾŸʱ׷׶СȶʱɺɷҲǾŸ˹ȥ
̵۾СȻɺɷԵЩˣǺ뽫СĹΪУֱӾͳСȵķץ˹ȥ
һ֪֮ģڵΪ̶Եоҽʬ߸˳ͳǾŸһ˹ȥ
ʬܹһа֮ǹɻǹޣһʬ߲ϣֻбɵķݶ
ҳһȥǹܿҲңͳ˹еķʬڸܵЩŨ֮ĩ˵Сٵ˸ǹ￿ҵʱ򣬶ʱܵ˷ʬϵֳ֮˾֮ɫæȥʱͻȻоһ棬֪ô¶ʱͨһ֮С
ҲŻͷһһѾץסŽĸ첲ɭȻһЦϵɭҪҵһ㡣
ڵΪ̫ˣ޷ֵ˲̱Ӽµһ̣ҧʬŬץҸ첲Ǹ˹ȥ
ʬ߸һӴǸǹʱӰһΣŤӻ˺ʬ߿ٵɵ˷ʬ֮С
ʱǹڷʬߵѹ֮Ѿɿ֣ҶʱüҪĻֻصԼڣҲޱȵͷһ֮ǰǹסֱ۵ĵطȻһƬڣǱ̿һ
һһʱִһɾ޴ΣУæתͷȥʲ֪ʲôʱҵЦžŵҲϿ˹
үģ˶ˣѵСүҪСвɣ
ղյǹϮӻûȫָͶӺһЩͷʦţ޷æ
ҾԼϾҪʿԴʱͻȻ͡䡱һȼһž޴Ļ磬˶ȼˡ
ŵæ˵˵ϣһԹ˺üȦ
ղϵĻ̫ˣҾԼüëˣ߶ûкһӵʱͻһŻҽɢڵϣеĽħյĲӰ
ʵ֮ҿʦֻζһ泯ұܶ


2791 ͷ
ǧһ֮ʣʦֺܿ۷˻һԪ֮ճһѻҽ벶ȸںΪܽҵȴĶʦָɱˡ
ʦʬʻֹǴֱͻͽЩΪͶ
ղŶʦܵĿǹԶģҲ֪ҵֻʲôطŸ˹ʱþһ
ڸСȾ̣һԼİͽʱճ˻ҽʱһŭɶȻҵͽҪ˶
ŭһСĳһƣˣһѽħͳŶʦַ˶ȥ
ʦ̧ͷһۣް־ɫ̿һſڱһޱȵԪ̹֮ȥ
Ԫ֮ɲģմȾ˵ϣֻ輸ӵʱ䣬ܽճһƬɻҡ
̾ٴı£ҲҸԪ֮Ӵһ֮䣬˹ȥ֪һԪ֮ܿ͸ı˹켣̼׷˹ȥ
£Ǿޱȣһ߱ӣһ߿Ĭ˾䣬һ֣һͷʦ̻һͷ䵽У̾ͷͳԪ֮˹ȥ
һײһţʱһ죬ȼһž޴Ļ⣬ޱȵ˳ܹȥյһƬͨ
̴ϢƬ̣ʦֻζһ棬׷ȥ
СҲûдʹ˷Ẓ́Ҳ׷˹ȥʦһǰ½أͬԸ̡
ҿЩͷʦ˵ֶû⣬ҪԿǲô
ղҿ߻ŵľŸͷʱ򣬻һôǸʮĽɫôҲҪһˮ׼ԭҸ߹
ŶʦֺСȲס̵ʱ˱㿪ʼֶԸǼͷʦ
һΪսپһؿڣλϹҲؿڴ˳δΣֻ޴İɫѪ˫ۣݣЩͷʦȥ
һλϹ̸˵ڵأλϹ̱ὫӴЩͷʦ鴦ʹ⶯ӣһɺɫϢɵˣȥͷʦʱٴλһͷֻͷͨͷԹͷΪѾλϹ̸ˡ
һǹǽϵâһնЩͷʦϣӵı˰ҲĴ裬ͷʦϲϲƶȥ
ûõĹǾŸͷͷʦͱ𣬾ҸղҲ÷ʬ߸ɵһ
ٴηɢűʦֺС׷ǱΧ£˹ȥ
̻ܣ崦ף¶˾ֲɫ
̣β׬ǮҪСȥǲֵ˵˭ӶԸǣҿԸһʹý̵ָ
⣬ҪԺûаӿԹˣڶǣһʮͽܣǰҸɱˣЩͽܶѰ𡣡в
ޣҳһڣֱҪЦˣѾģ⵱ʦҶ£ͽܲɣеӾǾѰұ֤޻أʲôȱǲȱңҲں༸ǵĽͷʦ
̶ͷ϶ðˣһ߾ĳ߿һѰĻᡣ
ȻΪʧһһֵѣ߻ȺͶʦ֣Ҳη壬ΪҲȲȻ̽ˣһݣֱӽɱˡ
ʦ֣˵
ʦֶʱһƺٴγ˹ȥ
ڶʦֳȥͬʱͻȻͳһϹ̵ķ˹ȥڱϹ̵ʱϲ֪ʲôϹ˹ȥһɫķ״ĶϹ̶׳Ķʮη壬ֱӳһԶȥøܵĻᣬæȥ׷
Ǹ׷̸ղɫĩĵطʱһƮɢθһڣ˳
һһѽץס˼һǽͷۣСĽͷ
˵䣬ǧƳȥڿٵƣֶķθĸоԼ˲١
һ飬ѾӳԶһܣﻹž䣬ָ֪ʲôá
СѾٴλɺɷܵķ׷˹ȥ


2792 ʬ
ӵķӦǺܿģڸойŹֵʱһ࣬ûܵǽͷ۵˺
СŸ硭û¶ɣǰһץסҵĸ첲
û¶оöˡҴϢ˵
Һ⽵ͷùƳʬĥƶɵģǧܹƣĽͷǧҲȲ㡣һµ˵
˵Żǰִ˴򶷵죬ʦֺСѾٴ׷ȥס̵ȥ·
үģ˵ʲôҲҪ̵СҺ޺޵Ŀ̵ķ˵
İСŸ磬ǲӣһչǸɱˣ뿪һ˵ţٴǹǽ̵ķȥ
ӲңҲ׷ȥȻǿ̣ǰͻȻӰ˸½½˴ǰ˳
һôˣ̵ЩͽܲǱѾɱ
ֻǵҿЩ˵ʱٴγԾѣΪЩ֮߳ǰɱЩͽܣôֻ˻
ҶһܿƳ˶ߣ̵Щͽֻˣǵʬ屻аƣΪЩһޱ飬ʬ⣬ĳֽͷԲֱܹߡ
һʮˣܵٶȺܿ죬ԽСȺͶʦֱ֣߶
һŲһ٣˵һһâһͷƵʬ˹ȥ
ʬԵ˵ϣƬ֮ǾʬȻٴվǱ˹
һɫ䣬֪ʲôۿһʬѾǽǰɿңеȥһʬһ¸նΪء
ֵǣǰʬȻնΪأȴûһѪʳҶʬ֫ȱڴһŻ˳ⲢǸղǽͷ۵ĺ֢ʵǶеĲУΪʬĲ֫ϿڴȻȫ趯棬Ҳ˵ЩʬѾˣһƤҡ
ղЩ˱ɱʱ򣬲ӣѪ˿ڴģȫ棬϶̸Ĺ
Щɶͽܣµȥ֣
ʬĶϿڴ棬һӶϿڴһҲɫ䡣
ȻЩƵʬѾٴǺܽˣһӼٶģҲҪЩʬȫ˵
˻ϣʮʬһһڵأЩʬһǸ֮ǰǾһ㣬ʬ֮жˣȫǳӣҪжģЩ֫ϱ֮лŨʬζƮɢ
ò׽ЩʬȫǼ˱˴˿һۣ϶һʮɫ̫ô̭ˡ
СŸ硭Щֶ֫ˡͻȻֵ
ҵͷһɢڵϵЩ֫ϱ۾Ȼ䶯⾰Щ죬һֻԼһŲ˹ȥ
һ㾰˶һҲգۼĹܵĲ֫ϱȫ䶯ٵƴһֻƴģЩŹ֣ЩʬƴһЩʬƴһЩʱƴʬЩԴȣʮˡ
ǶǵĶͷʬһ
ʬʲôôʵ
˵ͷʢڶǣڱҲʮУҲвнͷֻûܹʬˣܵĴԽɱԽ󣬳ܹһ𡣡һֵ
Ǽ߳ʬٵŲţֳɱ˹һٶּӿ˼֣üʬƴĹϻɢŨĺ
һͳٴǰźüȥֽǳʬնɱ˺ü飬ɢһء
ҲûкܴĹҲоɱ
Ǽ߳ʬصʬٴ˻ŵĹ۲Щʬı仯ʱЩʬͬʱٴ䶯Լٶƴһ
ֻһΣеʬ鶼ƴճһԲԲ֮ϳԴ͸첲ȣǺ¡¡Ĺ˹
˲һȥ
ǴԲԽԽ죬ֵ죬Բ֮ϵ
ͻȻ䣬һһҺӵСŸ硭ǵһ
˵ţһٵĺ˶ȥеǹǽҺӱ㳯һȥȥǳʬ׷
ʬĺܿ죬ǰдҲ港ʴӵʱȻ䡣


2793 ŵʱ
㾰ҺӸǾĪⶫǵһͷʦ治˵мˢӣֻԼͽܵʬ併޷ܡ
аϾаûôӣҺͳһ·񱼣ǳʬ׷ᣬʱͷѾƷһѾʼˡ
ʦϣ
¡¡죬һͻȻڵҹĻֱƫУǳʬϡ
ǲһ󣬵ǳʬһ±˺ü飬Щʬ棬ЩʬһƬڡ
Һӿǳʬˣ˴˿һۣ⻶ϲѡ
һĵרŶԸаġ
Ȼ˲룬ضʬ飬ͻȻٴ䶯Ȼ˴ƬƬķɳ棬ɫֱҺ߷˹
ȥ
ӵתͷܡ
Щʬ黯ķɳԽԽ࣬ɶٶһҲԽԽͣĿþˡ
ھɵҲܹĳһЩɳϣ϶Сʱܸʱ
ڸܵͬʱͻȻƮɢ˺ɫı˰ЩҪϵĸɫյž죬ͷϵķɳԽԽ࣬ǵأ˰ղ
ڴʱһ׹ٵķҺӵͷ֮ϣǷһȦͷ֮ЩɫĶһ㻩ĵ
ҺӶס˽Ų̧ͷȥĶǧɢĶӿ֮󣬴ƬƬȥ
Ƭ̣֮ϱʬ塣
ֻҪǸйصĶǧƶӭж⣬⡣
ŪֶΣǧƸ֮ҺӲųһ
Сȡλ̡㿪һͻȻһ
ҺӶʱ̵ķȥСȺͶʦֶĳȥλϹҲâһķȥ
һ£еǹǽʱŵĻˣ֮࣬æͷܡ
ʱһ׺£ֱ˹ȥ̵һΣԭԶǵ׾̵һըѿ
һҺߣĽŸһŵأ㱻ҵը˳ȥڵϹ˺üȦ
֮󣬿ѪҧٴδӵҪٴߡ
ϼһЩֶΣǧһ֮ʣƫ˺üףûнǵϣҪȻͱ׸
ˣҺ׷˹ȥ
ʧһһߴǻѵҪĿұǸɱô
˵ҺӶһô¶ѵ˲뵽֮У
ǰʮףͻȻڰ֮л߳һϤӰҿǸ˵ʱ򣬻סһǿѡ
ǰĲǱˣҵԬǸɻҲһˣƺƵӿ˳
ԬûпҶľ֧ȻһֱһԹۣ㵽ʲôģ̿Ԭŭʵ
̡ɹֲңҹӶʱĵ˵ò棬ͿԽȫ㶨ǽأͽȫɱˣԼҲЩɥ㻹֮ΪǵһͷʦҿҲԬЦ
̵һ죬޺޵˵˭֪ЩôѲ֪ôǿҾͲˣʵʵĴڶǣĳˡ
ԶһҲ״˹ԶվŵǸԬʱ򣬲Ҳһ㶣ȵԬǲȥ鷳Լǹˡ
ԬûһĻǿңЦе˵ּˣԴһνһǿЩӲˡ
ڶݵľ֮ҺָܿƽĹ򣬴ӵͻȻľۼˣкɮкˮʥ̵ĺʦֱӽǼ˸Χˡ
Ҿ˵Ԭսթļһﲻ׾ưոݣһֱ̾ԬӶɱǵģڵõ֤
ǰԬЩûˣǵǰʱҸ绰˵ĻǧҪңҪȻһҲὫʬΣ˵
ԬһЦʮֵ˵Ϊ㻹ǰ㻹ʲôŵʱڵΪʧһʲô𣿡


2794 
Ϊʧ飬ֻмļ֪й¶ȥԬСô֪أ
˵仰ʱҵƤı˼¡
ǷǰΪûзϵʱ򣬱˵ԬǺˮʥ̵ϴէ³ƤգһµģˣҾˡ
ڲУҵΪ֮ǰһɶûдﵽ˵ԸԬˣһˮʥ̵ĺ۴׹׾ٵĽɱ
ԬһǺƴӺʱѾʼˣҷǸžһӣȫΪҲ޵
һɥҲˣԬ϶ŹЩֵѵģѦҩ̵˹ƶҪһ򾡡
˵ǸԬ֮ĳ̫ˣɱʦʦ㣬ʦ㻹ӡ
ɱɱʦ֮𣬲죬κһ˶ܲˣ˵ԬرĴڡ
ԬҵǷţҾӦһֶš
ɫ䣬ԬЦ˵϶ܺ棬Ϊʲô֪ΪѾȫϵɣ
ۿÿɷ
Ԭűʵܼ򵥣һصܶԸյʱ򣬺ܶƴɱʱȻ֮žͶɱ㣬Сȴһֱ϶ķ֮вҲ޿κΣ֮ұӶⶫǵһͷʦ̽һ£Ÿ½ͷ˳̽һΪû뵽㻹ͦģûл̸½ͷҲɢϢܵΪȻʮֱ
ߣҴ绰ʱֻѾҸͶλˣȻڸ˴绰ʱ򣬻ϲΪ飬ƾ˵Ҳƶϳ֡һΣ̸ΪұԶ϶ƴʱ򣬱ȻΪҪȻҲӼ
һΣûʮİսǸһˣǲܳģôĶԹҪи˽ᣬҸһᣬԼ˶ϣҿԷЩѣ㿴
ԬǸһ˿Ц⣬˵
ܹһ˵ȡЩֵѺѦ˵Ҳʮֻ㡣
ҶԬ̫˽⣬Ը񣬼֮϶ҲŹҵֵܣΪǶԬгЩֵһͬʬҲҵϡ
СŸ硭ĻŹκһ˵ġӼ
ԬЩԹĿʱӵϣܿٴθֳһ˿ʽЦ˵ǳĺ˳ɣҲвϼڴʡݣһе̫үΪҲǲģֻǳôÿһС㣬Щ˷ˣԺ͸Ұɣһصǣ֤ʳҪɶɶɱҵŮˣҾͽŮ˾ΪУΪҵĿ˵á
ԬᱡԼɫʱͺŭԬɱ㣡
˵ţٴξҪԬɱȥ
Ԭ˼ͻȻһ֣˵ڣˣ
ΧߵЩ˶ʱ׷˷߿ٵΧ£
ЩˣƾǼ϶Ǵ򲻹ģΨ·һ
ʱһסӵ֣һִֻǬ˱֮һݷ˳һʹһɫ
һ˵ͷҲһץסҵĸ첲
ҲŶʦֿٵǬ˱֮С
ԷŰΧûκʤ㣬ֻд÷ݷˣȻ취˹ɱһǹ
ܿ죬еķݷݷĞų߶ʱ죬ұ۾ʱһᡣ
ݷЩΧ£֮ǰѾˡ
Ȼݷӵʱ䣬ҶʱؿһƣӾײһŵɴϣűصˤ˵ϡ
۾һʱһǼ˵ȷԬЩ˵İΧȦҲûӳԶǾֻжʮ׵ľ롣
һô¶ݷˣ
ǴˣǰҲӦѾ￪ĵطһξȻֻӳ˼ʮף˵ϡ
˵һǲӣطѾǰú˷ʮŷݷҲܴӳȥ㣡


2795 û
֮ǰڶԸԬʱùݷԬôˣ϶벻һ㣬һΣԬڴ˴ǰú˷󣬱Ƿֹ÷ݷ뿪ġ
һֱҶԬҵͷ󻼣ڰյĴڣⲻûеģСӱСĻҲǲΪӪˮ©Ϊηġ
ΪɱңԬǻ㾡е·ˡ
˱Ƿ֮ײͷĿѣòײŴӵʱԬѾŴӵһεĽΧס
ܰҿλӵȥѾ֮׸ˡˡǸһ飬ѦҩҲѾҵŰΧѦҵϲģǼ˽ͷѣѾҵ˸ҵʬˣԬĴЦ
˵еŭ˲ȼһ½еĽ˳
ѾģˣԬƴˣɱֵܣ㣬ҼɱԬ϶ҲҪϵһ
ԬҲ޷ˣһһֵܻн첻éɽɽҲҽ鼫֮ǳҵ㣬ʬΣŭ
ðԺҲܣҾҪɱǣΪʦʦѪеȥѰĻǾǣԬǣ϶Ҫģɱ
Ԭһ֣ΧٸֶʱٴγǷӵ
СȺܿǬ˱֮Ʈɶ˼һָ죬һָء
ʱ䣬ǵΧɫСܿٵתٸɫ׵ĹɢȥԬЩƴɱ
ҲûţһѻƶĬھеǰѻƶӲӣȻȥЩƶһأʱð̣գۼĹ򣬱ϰٸƽʿεض׳ЩԬµֵ⡣
һһؿڣλϹٴվǵΧŲϳɱЩ֡
սһСȺӸԷųѹ׵ľгӦ˿̵Ļս
СȼĹáɱֶŪЩƽʿԬЩ֣βʲô̫в
ΪһʧԬЩ˶ʮĸ֣ȻˮʥһʮǿĴڶ˹
˿ҲǶҺ֮ǣҪɱ֮죬ҪȻҲԬǿĺԮ
ã߲ûиԬһȻЩ˽ĸҡ
󣬲Ǻˮʥ̵ͷ̩ҵĳԱҲֻΪ˸±ܵѰ
ǲһ־ԬһͬɱңǺбҪġ
ԬֶΣһص˹ᣬڻ˺ˮʥ̵Ĵȡ
չ꣬ǰ;
ʱЩͻƽʿƬƬıЩָĻҷ
ԬеɻŶʮۺɮ˷ֱǶ
ҷԬ֮Ƶļɱ⡣
϶ãôĳޣڿԱˡ
СŸ硭Һһָڻڶʦȥɣ˹ǽΧӻͷңĿ⡣
ҡҡͷһ½ʦָ˳˵ϣӵ죬ҲҪһŮΪҵҶû
֪϶ȰңͳԬɱȥһλϹ̣ҲһԬ
ҿһۻðĶʦ֣˵ʦ֣ɱɣ
ʦŭһζһŨҵĻ棬ֱӳȺ֮Ϊܼĵطɱ˹ȥ
Ƕʦ֮޿ɵֵԬЩ޲ĴһſڣһԪ֮һ½ɮȼ˲ճ˻ҽ
ʱӺһѾԬĸԬǶʮۺɮʱٵĳӭ
ԬеɻһһɻɢŨɷһһߴ˵죬Ҫֽ˭Ҫ
ɣԬǵȷǸи˽ᣡ˵УֻüĴмξѪҵ֮У˫ֺϲһѪ߶


2796 
ûõġͲҪ׷ˣ
ԬɭȻһЦŲᶨǲļ
߶˾Ѫ֮ңҲûжĵڵΪոջָһңǴ߶˺üξѪԼΪ˲˺üҲԶԶﲻҵΪȫʢʱ
ԬʱΪҲܹܳΪûȫʧȥʱҪ£Ҳô׾ٵ飬ΪԬһʮаŵĹħ󷨡
ֶܹɱ˵ΪΪУҵ˺ϴ辭֮ͬЩʱգԬ϶˲ٸֵΪ˿̵аɱȻǿ߶ʱǳĲܹƳһ
߶˾Ѫ֮ңʱΪȫĽͣȻһ֮ұȻ϶ˣҿʮأпܵҲᱻݻ١
ûа취ҲԬǲһֻǰ㽫ɱκˣұƴס
Ԭ첻֮ǵĶԹǳ׵һʹҾ˽꣬âתָ
ԬҲеɻͣ߰׵ĵطЦǽ˭ʵɣЩʱ޿̲ű𣬼ΪȫʢʱڣҲֺΪʱ䣬ټʮλǸֵΪԸ㿹ˣ͹ԹԵɣ
˵ţԬһΣɻͷ˹Ҳ˷ͬ˽곯Ԭɱȥ
һ죬ɻȻײһ
һʩѹɻɵĸ֮⣬ҲܵԬһ֮µĸ֮
ȻԬΪͻͽѾڽǵȫһˣΪǳɱĵʱľ֮С
˰գԬֶһҾҵզôأûһΰȵʱ䡣
ɻҪҵĻߣǶɻϴŵֻ֮һ±㽫ұ˳ȥһΣ˳߰׵ľ룬ſסŲѪһӿͷ𣬲һѪ˳
ⱻѹŴζܰɣģҲôɵľȥҪեϵÿһˮĥ㣬һôʱҸܵʹ࣬ҵӺʦ֣Ҫǳ
һٴεȫеĽ֮ϣѾģ۸Ϊǻе߰˳ɵΪݵСǰҰǴ趼ϲ
ԬɻɱҶͷ˹Ҵһʩչһл㾦һɫĹԬϴȥԬŲͣеɻ΢΢һΣ㽫ǵɫĹȥ
һ̣Ԭα㵽ҵߡ
죬ʵ̫ˡ
һӳҺɨýȥӡ
һ죬ǹҵ˽ϣȴоҵһŽַ飬һεı˳ȥ
һΣǹڵأ̧ܿһڴˣѪֱ
ؿڴһƣҲֲסһѪ˳
Сʲôʱôˣ˳ҵΪ䵽˹ȵףԬΪȴ۷壬ղҲǼξѪԬһжӲס
³һѪңӻλƣղŴһ㾦оҪĹеƵġ
ֲ԰ĸоĸе
ôڴڴһ˹һֻ°Ѫûκεĵֿ֮ѾһˣһҲɱ㣬Ҳ˶ãĳһ
˵УԬٴο첽һӳҺɨҴһŽֵٽԬһҹƾҪˡ
ʱһɺɷͻȻƮ˹Σ˫ָһסԬеǸɻǹӲûҵϣСȸסˡ
㲻˺СŸ硭㲻˺
˫־ɻСȣҧ˵
ϡСвǳȻܹסҵɻ֪ôеɻרԸЩģɻǣκιﶼѣҲ⣡
Ԭ۾һУĿ©׹⣬ɻͻȻ˿˿죬Ȼһ֮ʼϵɺɷ
ȶʱʹĲҺ֮ɻɹ˵Ļǵġ
һɻϣСȸѲ


2797 ûУ
ɻԬ߶ɻϸСĿ׶ͬһСܹɹ˵ĻǣӦʬһʮķˣСȱɻѹƣѲãʹĲҺ֮һҧٴ˽꣬ԬؿڴȥԬ̧ͷĿһۣͻȻһֻһץϺһץסеĽꡣ
ԭâ˸Ľ걻ǺڵָץסķľȻ֣ԬתͷңһҪڸΪУۿߵ˶һĲᵽҵʧȥ֮˵ʹ
˵գԬһţ˹ŵĽǶʮֵ꣬ҸҪ㿪ȴѾˣʵʵİһţ˴˳ȥ
ؿڱ쳣෭һѪ
ʱԬͬڵΪ޷俹⡣
ֻҧӵٴλλƵվŽ꣬޲۾ɱ
ԬЦֹеɻˡ˿˿죬СɺɷϱɻС
СȾҵҪɻ֮ɻǷʬһ㣬һմϣҪʵ̫ˡ
СģҵĶڵѪֻܴһܲٴγԬɱ˹ȥ
һѾԬЩˮʥ̵˲ס޷
ֻܿԼԬӲƴ֪ԼҲûʲô̫ãֻǰ׷ˣ޷ܸΪΪŮһСȾɻˡ
һΣұԬߣһϿȥԬҪ̧һƳȻ䣬һâţճߴ˹
Ԭɫһݣ⧲֮䣬һƱı˹켣Ŵǵâ˹ȥ
顱һ죬Ԭһƺߣŵ˳ȥ߰˲ſͣеɻٵ£СڵٵķɵССŵĻɢɺɷȻ֡
ղҿķԬǸ̨ɽɽ֮Ͻ𲧡
ô˵ǻһˣ
æͷϽ𲧴ķȥ
ԬȻЩδҲҳǸȥŭ˵˭ӹ
ҡСǼǳԲǴ򣬷үżû㣬СƤˣԶĴӽǹ밤𣿡
˵֮ǻУϽ𲧣ķֵĳ󻹸УͶڰʮ£۾ʦ͡
ϻϻȻʱһɫģϻŷ飬ֻЦݻһģ
ϻͻȻᶼˡ
ѾģСĻǼʱ
кܿߵҵǰüʹһңײڵأ˵ϡӣûϻҲ治תôûУ
ȿȡӷ𡭡ס֣עݣڿ̨ɽס̨֣ɽ棬עһԼ󡭡һһȻ˵
ۿʦ塭˼˵ļǣԺ϶ע⡭϶ע⡭ĻæЦݣĸߵϺе
վϻһ࣬ޱ飬Ҳ
ȻϻԸ񣬾ԾֹĲ˳ʺ֣תͷһѱסҵļ򣬻͵͵˸ۣЦ˵ղأûУ
ðֲҰϻһۣȴʮֻϲģϻһ־ñطĸоǲ֪Ϊʲôȴ̲ס䡣
վڲԶԬһоȻˣһʼݵľţָ֮ܿǰģЦ˵ðȥͺԼҹˣҲʡȥ̨ɽѰýһˡ
ԬǸ˵Сܲȱ죿Ǹ˵ˣһʰ㣬ҲżһʱеһԬ
Ԭŭɶɻ㳯߶ղվϻߵϺǰסԬȥ·
ղϻһλнۿʦ塱Ҳ˵λϺи۾ʦһֵģΪ϶ˣʱԬϼп϶ûʲô⡣
ȻϺлһ޷Թģһŷ飬һһչԬƴһλϺнԬм͹һʱ˿·硣


2798 ȥ
ߵСɻɪɪ̧ͷһϻȴǼһ˿Цݣ˵塭ȿˡСŸҲ㣬춼˵ôǡ
ѽҼС԰ⲻǹ𣿡ϻֺǺǵСȵԴסüͷһϵЦݾʧˣŭ˵СˣԬĹ
ţղŲһСӵɻˣΪȫϣ֮ǰһɵΪûлָԬĶ֣ղҪҺСȾͲˡһмĿϻ
Ԭһһ첻ʼǾ׵ͷ󻼣ҴԶ̨ɽϹû뵽СӣҲգξͽǱӻضˡϻ۾һУԬķȥ֮Ҳ¶ɱ
ϻһΪ̨ɽס֣ƢԻһЩģǸǰһ컨ǷᣬҲ֮ǰǰ㼵
ʱҲһ飬æϻôͻȻ֮ѵʲôԬҪԸǣ
ϻҡҡͷ˵ûʲôʱ򣬰չڵĽӴһ绰ҵ̨ɽϵʽ̨ͨɽ츣Щϵң˵һǽ˵һ˾ĶǵĺйƲȥȥҶľʦˣѯһеҾ¶Σһȥǽ𷨵ʦһ£ʦ˵Ķɮ´󲿷ֶǽͷʦĺУǾ͸ȷˡ
ǰЩʱգ̨ɽæָ̨ɽס֣ܶ鶼ҪӣҪʦĺ£һֱûл⼸ոøùǣ߶ǵĽͷʦҵǣ϶ûʲôģҸоǺˮʥ̵Ѱ𣬾ԬСӹǱҸײˣڵӦǺˮʥ̵˺ԬҪԸǡ
ϻ˵ĬȻĵ˵ͷԭˣչ绰һ֮ǰҽľʦ´Ѧҩ̵ʱûãչһͷ㷢ˣչûл˵ϻ绰顣
һ뵽չͷһæֵˣղԬ˵ԸҵͬʱһָֽѦҩ̸Χˣչǿǿ׶༪٣⡭
Ұѻ˵꣬ϻ΢ЦųҰ˰֣˵СšΪιʹΪ̨ɽס̨֣ɽĸҵǡֱֵۡĸɮҾʹ˶ʮһЩΪʦֶǴȥѦҩ̣Ѧλү˵Ǹͷʦ̣Ŵλʦǵġ
ô˵չǰȫģҼ
Ӧûʲô⣬Ҵ˴󲿷ֶѦҩ̣ǴλʦɱһѪ·ϵģղԶľͿһ״֪Ŀ϶ǿУһ·񱼶Ǹˡϻ
ҳһеǿʯͷ˵ء
֮ǰԬ˵ɳ˺ܶѾѦҩ̸ΧˣҾ;ðչǿ϶׶༪١
Ǳ߰չǿСߺȫ˽ͷλǵĸɮæŸǽ⽵ܹһսľֻλүӺǣסԷôֵΧ
ȫһˣϻЩɮȫ
һвõȫԬƻ˿գǧ㣬ȴû㵽ϻܹôԶĵطϹ
¶ʱϻͻȻֵˣСţô˼ææĴ̨ɽϹʱķɻƱǲǸǱˣ
ҵľģһɻͷ̨ɽɽϣ㿴Σ
ھжǮҲ̫ҪһɻҲʲô¶
˵˵Ԭ˵ϻЦ˵
ţͻȻԬƴɱǸۿմʦһƺߣԬɻһеؿڣڵأһѪ
ѾģҴʦ壬ҪһڵϵĻۿմʦʱϽٴμԬ˶ȥ
ϻСģԬΪöԸæѵ
ϻûлػǼս֮УһɮһԸԬ
ղŶþѪֱ֮Ԭػ£ҡҡ׹оȫۡ
ҪСһֱվ߲ţƾҪڵˡ
뵱ܸոһܵңȴԬһжӲסҲǱߡ


2799 Ԯ
ϻͻȻһʱȶסˡ
ϻԼˣ̨ɽܶɮ
ֻ߻ЩΪ̣ϾԬҲǺöԸģлкܶˮʥеĶ֡
֮ǰСȺӷֱЩͻƽʿƬƬıԬŵҲ֧Ųȥˡ
Ƕʦֺǧƴʱֱ޿ƥеĽ࣬Щһλ޲ȱЫֵܹסǡ
ʦֻðڣǱˣ޲Ͽٵıճһѻҽ³Ԫ֮޿ƥУĸҲֻ·һ
ǧ֮Щˮʥ̵Ҳùƶ֮ǷųĹƶ֮ǧȫŷ֮⣬ǧƻܹЩ¹ƣö˶һˣǧƵĹƣ̵ر˾ͻ˹ƳϣֽƳ棬ЩԬȥϷɵģɢ裬ֱǳɱ
ЩҲ治ǺöԸĽɫʮۺɮֱ̣סǧƺͶʦ֡
һЩۺɮڵϣ˾䣬Ҫʹྭ֮ǧƺͶʦ֣Ч΢ڴ
һҲֱʮָסģ޷
ֻҲܶ˸ţΪ
ǶʦֺǧܹסԷ󲿷ֵһ˳ЩͻƽʿķߣһֳϻǱɱȥԬ󣬻һֳɱ
һˣЩˣһڵƥеġ
СߣȻ˲ᣬûżصǬ˱ˣֱЩˡ
ղűԬһӴѪĻۿմʦҲѵĴӵСһ𣬳ɱȥ
ˣСڳЩ˵ͬʱ÷˼ͦߵĹҵңסҵȫ
ʱɱķһǰҲ䵽˱ĵز
һűˣȷǿѻңһЩܲˣӼᶨҪ׻ָΪľģԺԲ鷢
ֻǰڵչȥЩ˻ѣ类
Ѧҩ̵Щֱۡĸɮȫ֧Ԯǣмʤ㡣
顱һ죬һ˱˳ȥٴιڵأҵͷһɳϻղŴһλֱֵۡĸɮ
λɮǰλһ㣬ѪһأϻŨĺЩһֲĹ޲ֲԹ֮ɫ
ЩֲĹȻԬɻɱˣǱɻ֮Уɻ˵ˣɻеԩ㸽˱֮˵ϣĻҲ
һˣæλɮ˹ȥ˷ʬߣһǸɮϣЩĹһŤܿ㱻ʬһɸɾ
ǸɮҵĿ˼³һںѪתͷҵлʩҪȻĹҪЩ˻ǡ
λʦҪҪһͬңѾûˡҿ
Ǵʦ΢΢ͷֱӱ۾ˡ
ЩֱۡĸɮȻǸ۾ʦȣǲ˺ܶ࣬ҲʱĻзΪ
۾ʦֻصĸɮϻҲǶתΪ
˷ʬߣվλɮߣǼ򻷹ܡ
̧ͷȥиԬϻѾ˼ùеһ꣬Լսһ໹ŭĿյķ࣬ϻԼֳֽħƣϳԬк
ˣʱĻҲκβԬԼƺЩмܡ
ԬʱΪͻһ磬ȫԸȻҲκβԼЩǡ
ڻս֮ʱͻȻִһ죬һȵ
ˣͶҪȻɱۣʡصѾǰΧˡ
һһʮֶ죬ս
϶éɽ֪ͨս壬ǽΧˡ
Ǹ΢һͣ٣ֻ̩Խִһ飬һ˼Ԭ˷ϽͶ
Ŵȵ죬һȺȺɽװ˴ӵͳ˳⻹һЩۺɮ۵ĸ֣صһ
ЩԬ޲ɫ䣬˭ûͣ


2780 
ôصҵһ뷨Ҹéɽƽ˵ŴѾã֪ͨϳܵĸֹԮǡ
룬һδĳǷ飬éɽܻ֪ͨصǱԮԭԶ׼صһǸһصܶƴʱɽۻ֪ӵĺ˶ٽ֣һж㶨ˣǲųʰо֡
ڣ󽭺ɶص϶һϵ̬
ԣҾéɽ֪ͨص֧ԮҶȣսͨ˵õϢŸϹ֧Ԯǡ
սȻҲصˣǸǾ˽ãǸңǹĽ飬ǸصĹϵΣսû˵
սʱ򣬻ûɵЩԬߵȴԵЩ
Ŀһɨܿ쿴˲Զվŵս壬ﻹһȣս֮п治ãֱкЩϳص˵ɱɱۣ
˵գص˶ʱһϣвϳΧ͵еĸ֣ҲŸַ˶
ϾҪ֧ŲסˣЩ˵ļ룬ʱһɣҲɢ˿
ԭǶ˾ѪղֱԬˣֱһƨɵ˵ϣڵĴϢžûۡ
սǽϳõϵصȫ˹кüˣɵĸҲһٶˣֱӳɱ˽ȥ
ԬЩʵǿһʱҪҲô׵飬ƸӵĻҲԣѾȫռơ
ҳȥʱ򣬷һֵ飬һս岢ûдЩ侯ؾֳЩ˹Ҳ̫ã֮ս˵Լˡ
ߣЩɶǴӶĸ֣ܶ඼ήͷ͹ƶ֮һųʲôƳɻЩ˵ϣ㶣һڣЩؾ侯ܿսҲΡ
һҲӵĹ⾰֮Ͼ͵˺ܶˣ඼صЩˡ
صи֣ϳǲ࣬սΪƻǿϳΧЩĸַӳ˺ܴá
Ͼռƣˮʥ̵ЩҲ˲ء
ûҴϢϼͻȻһȴ
СšСģ
ϻ⶯һæͷȥԬ˿ɻһеĳɱɱͬʱеֵԱԬеɻɨ˳ȥƲɵ
ҳԬȥʱ򣬵ɫʮǿҵ񣬺
Ԭ϶ҲãΧҵļƻգԲŻ᲻һеĳɱԭҪĿľǰҸɱˡ
ۿߵ˾ҪһԬΨһҪ飬ҪҸɱʦʦ㱨Ͳùˡ
ȫǹǽĽ࣬ɱĲݡ
һŵĻһԭ壬ͻȻĸĻ֮£ײײĳһȥҪ뿪սȦ֮С
ѾﲻʲôæˣֻǸ׸ȥ
ԬһǰԽԽϻ׷ᣬеϽٴγ˹ֻһ֣㽫Ͻ𲧸˳ȥ
һصӭҲҿĿѪɥ
һĹ˭ҧ˭ĸ¡
գۼĹԬͱҵĸСٻĹﳯԬȥһжûü㱻Ǹɻ˽ȥ
ȻɻХҵĺ˹Ҷʱоһɶ񺮣ϵİëˡ
ģﻹֵܵסԬһСͱˡ
ڸоǿֲɻϵʱʶĳǰһˣڵأɻҵͷƤȥġ
϶ʱһŹƣһһ޷վ
ͷȥʱ򣬵ԬһѾٴξɻŭһӾҲҪһᣡ
ˡο϶ˣ
ɻһǳҵǱ޿ɱܣԺѾƬ֮Խĳ档
ȻʱһɾͻȻҵһ࣬һѴ󿳵ҵǰ棬һ졣
ǿķһȻԬеɻɳȥ
һͷһսͻȻҵһ࣬ղסԬɻ


2781 õ߶
Ԭŭ֮£һͬһ㣬սܹסҴ⣬ˣսҲԬһ˳ȥеľŹԵ֣žŹԵֱϵҲǿƬѪ
һûдңԬûпսһֱۣٴλɻͷ˹
Ѿģղս岻ûˣҵ˻ᣬұ뻹Ҫ
ֻǻûȶоѾ׷еĽħƳԬ˹
ʱһԬɻٴҵĺ󱳲˹ȥ
ڻдĽħƣԬֻ΢΢һ࣬ħһԬĸ첲ϣһԴ˺Ԭܲˣ˿ֻңҵĳѾ˼㡣
ΪɱңԼȥˡ
Ԭǧ㣬ȴû뵽éɽƽ˸Ĵ㾡ֻܵźŶεˣȴ޷ֹ˹Ԯ
ӲҲҪ־ֻܹãҳ˳ҡ
ϵʹԬŭǰħ˳Ѫ䣬˿̵ûʹУ׷ɱ
СķˣСӶҵĺﵽһʲô̶ȡ
Ԭ׷һȻ䣬һƿͷ˹ζ졣
׷ɱҵԬɫһݣ̧ͷȥɫͻȻ䣬еɻæı˹켣һ½ǳĶɨ˳ȥ
ײһʱҲſķԬԾһѵһϤһѵ
֮䣬һӰ첽ҵߣŭȵСӣ۸ֵܣүеѵԸԸ⣿
죡ɱƨ£ϽԬ۾ͨ죬ݺݵ˵
үڵĴɶɱǸԣôûϵԬͷˣһϤ˹
һͷһֽӺڵҲ˹ǵ󻹸һ֣ܶѾɢʼص˶ԸԬˡ
ϿǰŰƵĴ󵶣η˵СֵܣҪɱҪһزУ
ãɣȫҾͲˣɱԬ״񲣬ٴɻ󿳵æԬٴк˹ȥ
һ£кͿһ֣ʼԸԬһԵսܿҲ˽ȥһԬذɡ
ʱԬҲͱȼǰΪϻǿôһ㣬ҲǽŵĶ֣ȫѹԬ˵սȥæˡ
ҳһŷϵ·亹͸ˡ
꣬Сүּһ
ڵϴϢʱ򣬽ͻȻǰһѽҸЦǺǵ˵ҵľүôôǱ˳ӡ
ҿһ۽˵ҵƻûȫָԬûħණǸֵΪŽҸ˵ġ
һǲ뱩¶Ϊʧ飬ʶıص
СֵܡܿˣһҲߵߣ˵
ôˣҺʵ
չֵܸڴ绰̨ɽϵʽ˳˵һºҶȵһǸͷʦĳܼ࣬Ҷһۣ˳˲һˣ֪Ƕǵһͷʦ̣ڶԶҲǶӯýͷʦ˲ûһҲаǧóıǸǰãǸͰչֵܴ绰ȫͨϵ϶ǳ˴£Աͣĳ߸ãĻ̫Ǹˡɫ
̫ллˣݶ飬ˡҳϿҵ
ү˵ﻰڵĴɶǶһˣһ˾ͲҪ˵һˡЦǺǵ˵
ýЦ滢ЩᣬٴοЦݣ;رС
¹ô˵ǼһΪġ
ڴΣʱ̣ҵֵѷ׷׸˹имָж
Щ꣬ڽȻ˲ٳңҲ˺ܶѡ
ѽģȻҲĴңԬһ׺ݣ˰ͽһºˮʥ̺һص֮⣬Ҳûʲôѡ
νõ߶ʧ߹˵ɡ
ιִϰٸ֣սȦ֮УԬȻ·һˡ


2782 вԱ
ôѺͽ·ܸ˹ԬЩŰΧҲǿԳ׷ˡ
˵ʵĵ˺ͳңҲĵıԬǺļһڱңСӴ·ƣÿڱˣУ⧲ûٳ˴
ܹ׽ԬĳҸΪݡ
ҲҲѰֻҪΪȫϵ鲻й¶ȥ߰ɳ²֣͵͵ĻָΪЩҾ͸ηˡ
һΣΣҲԬ뿪
Ӹ˸طһߵأ۲ܵս֣ڽӺƵߣƲĸ֣ȫ
ԶԬڸͻжСٿҲסֵΧĲˣѾûʲô̫ǿм֮
Щ£ǱĸΧ˲أﻹȥԮ
ӳԬһۣͻȻʵүԬСӸں̾ӶԸǵˣӦӦϣıѾãһͳɹ˰ɣҿүү˽ͷղǾǴѦҩ̹ģ̨ɽһЩУڸˮʥϰٸֶĲɿкüλɮսˣʮ֣ѹһͷʹŴҾүǱߵսҲˡ
˵Ѧҩ̵ʱٴңæʵչǿǵĽͷ⿪𣿡ˡҿλǵĸɮһֱڸǽ⽵ͷһǵĸɮ˺üѪҲûж֮ͣ󣬾ֱ
ʲô˼ɻ
Ҳûжʣ˽ͷ˶ڻ˯ʱǼλɮڸǿǽ˵һܿͽ⿪ˡֵ
Ŵԣ΢һЩǵĽͷҪǽⲻǲ鷳ˡ
үλǶǵһͷʦ̣ôҽĳʶʶӳܴţѰ̵Ӱ
ҲųѲӣĴģ߰طսҪҵһôס
̫ˣҲ֪ܵĸˡҵ
˵⻰ʱҾ룬Ԭ֮̾ƾʧһ㣬֪ȥѵǼһû˲ɣ
Ԭ˵ʱһĲԸǾЩ˺ЩͽܣЩǸɱ
ʱһ棬ͻȻҵߣæ´һۣеСŸ硭û˰ɡղҿԬüζɱ㣬ʱұЩɮĽֻܸż޷
ҿһۣ첲дˣѪֱһۣæӣˣ
û¶ⶼƤˣ˵ֵ
Ҳû¶ֻǿҪſһʱ䣬ղҴ߶˾Ѫ
㲻Ҫˡۿʱͺˣ֪ڴ߶Ѫĺ˶С¶пסûлָ
ʱòôҲԬĶ֡ε

Һ˵ͻȻһҽдӲԶ˹
̧ͷһԬ˿һֱϽ𲧴ؿڣ˷˳ȥ
һǹݵģֱԬؿڻһӣ¼磬ܽˡ
龰Ҽһ´ӵվʱԴһѣڵأһԵӸסˡ
ҹȥҪնԬԴѾģǶŪʲ
˵ţұӵĲ֮£Ԭķȥ
Ԭɳȥ֮󣬿ͻкܿ쳯Ԭķ׷˹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ԬȻؿڴӵϻվؿڴôһˣʮףѪʳֹסϴԬָ֮ʳɻ档
Ԭ³ΪвԱУҪ㰴յҵǷǻţ㻹ڽʵۣҪɱңͲҪҲˡҳ
Ԭ۾ֱĿңǴſ̹ǵĳޣҧҸĳ޲죬ɱҵʦɱҵʦ㣬˾ⱲӶҪˣûǣһŻʲô壿ⱲֻҪܸǱѪ޺ұҪɱ㣡


2783 ǰħ
Ԭ֮ĶԹҪһ˽ᣬԣˣ˵ʵʮ־ֶ֣ΣļıΪɵҲҳ˰֮⣬һˣԸ±ӣ㻹ҵĵˣɻƴһҲѣ±;Ļҳ˵
ԬؿڣѪ˳ָ֮ҵɳ޵ޣͻȻЦЦ˿Цһ˵ĶԹͲ±ˣۻ磬Ԭô׾㣡
Ԭ˵㻰ұ֪Сӿ϶кС
ɱҴһ˶ȶ֣Ԭؿڴȥ
ԬͻȻһذ׳һ³ԼĿ˽ȥ
ذ״Լʮôһȫ˽ȥ϶ҪһԴġ
ôݣԼ̡
ͬʱҲɻԬʲôѵУҪ˶ϲɣ
ܿ죬Ҿ֪뷨ȫģԬرˣô׾Լô޷ǾҪͬھ
ǰذױԼؿ֮󣬺ְܿ˳Ԭӵµһ̣ĿڴѪʱȫһֻеɻȥ
ɻܵԬͷѪĽ࣬˲һڵϵըȻѿǹĺѸٵĳԩĹХ֮֮С
ۿžҪԬߵӣղҲԬľٶһ
ͲԼ֣Ԭһ¿϶ǻˡ
ǵͷѪɻ֮ҲƳԣ˳ֱץסҵĸ첲æˡ
ڵī֭һĺԬ֣ҿٵĳӳȥųһĪǣԴԴϵĳԬķ۶ȥ
Ƿʲô
ұȥ˼ʮ׿ĵطҴھ޴֮С
Ƴ˲ԣͻеҲԬ˳
ǲԶиˮʥ̵ƴĲɿصļˣ̱㱻ī֭һ۵Ũ
ǰס֮󣬴Ũ֮нŴ˼Ъ˹ĲҽС
ʱǺ֮вҽܳ˼ˣлˮʥ̵ĺۺɮϸСĺߣմӺ֮ܳûм׷Ե˵ϣҲû
ЩۺɮΪѾܸˣûӹһ٣ЩصˣûлӺ֮ܳ
̫ôֲˣԬСӾڸʲô
ͷѪɻħննС֮кܿ촫Ԭѵƺÿ³һ֣ҪĹеһ㡣
ʱվߵĽӣסķһˡˡֹԬҪȻ˭
СӵôˣΪ
ݽĳ֪Ԭڵʬţһʮħ֮һλţ⡮ħ֮˼壬Ҫħģʬ֮УΪһ磬ſ⻯ħ֮ɱ˵ΪΪãɵı˵ΪԽ࣬ԽǶԼɼĸӰ죬лħ֮˱ϲŭ޳ԣָӰﵽһĳ̶ȣ˾ͻᱻħȾջħ
Ԭ֮ǰȫƿ⻯ħ֮ûбħ֮ʴ̫СӸղͷѪɻǼɻеħԼǰħħͷһﶼ֪ģһԬħһ˶ųȥ˶һܿס
˵ʮּٺܿ죬˽˵޲ɫ䣬ԬСǻȥˣҪͬھ
һħͲԬ
ĳЩ棬СӸһЩģƴһҲҪҧµ˵һ
ŸʲôԬûȫħϽֹŴ˵
ڷӦ˹±мֳԬķ˹ȥ
ϻϽ𲧳Ǻ֮˹ȥһâţ֮У֮䣬Ͻ𲧾Ȼַ˳Ͻ𲧷ɳʱ򣬽âȾܿ챻Ͻķ֮Ⱦ
챩һŰĿ񵶣Ǻķһ⣬ڵ֮ϻһĹֱ֣ź֮˽ȥ⵽ޱȵĵ⣬Ҳţ뺣һ㣬Ϣûзһ˿˻


2784 ޷赲
龰ҲһֶΣڴʱԬ𲻵ʲôá
˱˴˿һۣһ֮ɫ޼ƿʩ
ϽôֹԬħа취𣿡æʵ
ķ뻯ħҲˣΨһİ취˿ȫǻ˵ħκҪ˶ᱻħʴܿȷͷ۰ż˵
ҿһæһ㻹𣿡
һܿҵ⡣
˶޷ħ޷ӽԬķΨһİ취ֻ׺ɱ
˵ǻħ֮ԬǸɣȥҲҪ
ǰջʬǿ󵽲սʤĴڡ
Զ׼Ԭħ֮󣬻ԶԶﲻ̶ֳȡ
ħһʣħͷʬ֮仹кܴһࡣ
ʵһ취ܹ˻ħ֮Ԭз죬Ϊ𣬿϶޷ʩչǿġ
û¶ڻԽ׳ֻǸղʩչ״һν׳ٶҪһЩˡһ޵ǵ˵
԰ɡҵ
һ˵ͷæ˵һ࣬׼ʩչ״
ԶĺԽԽŨڲϵɢ
۾ħ֮һ˵ڳλɮСɮһ÷𷨼ӳֹ֣Ԭħ
ϻǴʱ䣬һȡ׵ʱ䡣
һ䣬кܶϳǸĸɮվ˳ϻ󣬳ħԬķ򿿽
ʱԬ׼ħ֮ЩѾĻɢֱصڴΧ˲أ󲿷ֱֽɱֻһС˸翹Ȼɲʲô̫
ֻĵԬܲܽ
СԸһҲǺù
дʮпٵĿħɢħܡ
ϻһȣϽ𲧼˳ħϿһףʱޱȾ޴ųһ貵Ľâħ
ϻ˾ģħƮɢȥ
ܵЩϻһͬоģཻ֯һγһɺܴķ
һħɢٶȶȻ˲١
ϻз𾭵һʼСֻʮз𾭵˹Ǻϻз𾭵ԽԽƬ֮󣬺һٶоһ㣬֮ǿʢ
ϻ϶ʩչڵֶΣԬħ
ԶһѾʼ׼ˣոɢȥûжõƣڲ֮Ͼۺϣеǹǽһֱָ죬дʣƾۼĺö
һղŽףȷ˲ٵ
˶ŲĳԬĻħķȥʱһһţҵȴӵĳء
ʵȫ֮뿪һ˾ͻ꣬ħ֮Ԭײϣ˾ɱǳĻˣҪƽС
ֹƬ̣ϻоĵ췢˵ĺ죬صƬɽ֮䣬ƻֺꡣ
ʱͻȻ֣ϻ֮⣬ЩеӸԶ΢΢ζħأԷݣȻּ˳ɢٶȡ
ϻоȻӿ죬Ҳʼ΢΢Щ
੡
֮д˼ɭЦз
¡¡
ͷ׹̧ͷȥϸС˺˺ɫҹգཻ֯һ
һҪһʱ䣬ֻԬħٶȺǼӿˣϻʮλɮоЩ
ҼȭͷսһֻץסӵС֣ﶼ˺
ʱ򣬹ͻȻǷϧħͻȻ£ĴٵĻ۶ȥ
Һ߳ʮ֮Уһ˶˵ϣѪ
ϻͻȻֹͣо䣬ӵһ֣Ͻ𲧸Щкܣ
һӺͿʱϻǱ߳˹ȥ
ʱٴοԬСŷϢħɻ˫۳Ѫһ˫꺮ǳ˹
ħ֮Ԭû̫ı仯֮ǰģֻɢħɢɢĞųһֻ֮С
ϻʮɮ߾ȫûֹסԬħֻӳһЩʱѡ


2785 ޺ִ
ϻϽ𲧣һԼĴߣһ㳯߱˹
ħ֮ԬੵĹЦɨһۣͻȻһ֣һڵϣûüĴУ㱻ħ˹ȥԬֱץǴеؿץһԴǴлϵѪҺȫħ뵽Ԭ֮УĹǴоͳһ߸ʬĶ˵ϡ
ȥ⻯ħ֮ȻǿΪȫʢʱ˺ϴ辭˵ΪҲôٶȡ
תۼĹԬնɱУҿٵŲŲ߶
һħһƮϵĻĲҲϵħȾ˲仯˷ɻҡ
Ҫɱ㡭ɱ㡭Ԭһ߳߱һŭ˵
ֻԭԵЩеϣЩ˵
Ԭҵĳ޺ִ̫ˣǻħ֮󣬻ǵĳˡ
Ԭ߳ɱӺܿӭȥסȥ·
һȣŻħ֮ԬԱԬɻ׾ٵĸˣԬһ֣һ㳯˹ȥǰһ㣬ĳǰ˼æеĴ󵶲˵֮ϣûбԬϵħǣȥ
ʱӽ˰ٴμ˳˰׻ޡ
Ǳ˰ʱ˰𣬳Ԭֶȥ
˰Ԭϣȫ϶ʱ˺ɫĻ档
ֻһ˲䣬ɫħ˰𸲸סЩ˰ܿϨȥ
ħٴԬڷ
һˣ׷״ʧɫ
ħ֮Ԭһֱ߶ҪɱҵĻŲͣٴγұɱӺٴοҪֹȥ·ȴԬи񵲿ɼ
꣬ħ֮ԬֻϵһˣŪҲݵĽࡣ
վߵĽӺһħ֮ԬԽԽʱŵķ׷׷һƺߡ
үǸϽɣúǰӹǿ϶Ķ֡Ӳɷ˵һץסҵĸ첲ҳһȥ
Ԭħ֮ٶ̫ˣܹӵĹʱǻжʮ׵ľ롣
ʱԬͻȻŲһ٣һץҶʱܵ˾޴ӶʱԬ˹ȥҪǽһֱңҿ϶ͷɵԬߡ
һ⻹Ǻܹõģٶأұ˺üԶ
ˣҺͽӻǲϳԬ
ʱҲ˹һץס˽ӵȣŻһЩ
Ԭȴ˽Ųٳ˹
һܱĺãæͷӺߣҪˡ
ôУЩĵ˵
һػһɾ޴ħͿңԬͻȻץ˹
ŵǶҪ˳ȥͻȻһ뵽һ취ֱֽǬ˱ңʬ˳Ԭ˹ȥ
һâţʱԬϣʱԬӾһвһ׵ľ롣
顱һ죬ʬ˾޴ãħ֮Ԭһ±ʬɳȥʮԶ
ֵĺһգð̡
ɽɽ֮ʬȻò˼ΣκаͽʬԿƣħ֮ԬҲ⡣
ãʱѸٸϵһõһýڵϵԬһͨк
û뵽ǣħ֮ԬȻƤһٸ絶Ȼûô˵ܿԬϵĺٴξ£ӵһεɻǶˡ
δұٴβŵүԬǷҪŪ㲻ɡ˴˾߰ɣͽǴñǡ
ǼסƶߵǼ˵
Ǽʱһ㶣׷¶˵֮ɫĸ֣ǱƺͽȫģҪȥԸħ֮Ԭϣʲô
Ҳԣ˲ҾҪʱͻȻִһҵĽŲһȺøһ档
ҶһѦҵλүӣаչǿ޶ˡ
ǵ󻹸ں̨ɽʮɮ


2786 ܶ
ӺƴҪǰ߳ûмҪӭѦҵλүӣһ˳˹
ӡʲôѦһץסҵĸ첲ʵ
ҵһԬˣͷʦҲµĽͷһжǶԷƻõģĿҪ˶նɱںҶ֮Сҽ͵
˻һ˽ԾչŭɶŭҾ;ԬСӲܾôưոݣû뵽һлĹСӾôڱˣУһǼ˶ŪأԬûħ֮ԼħͷɱأҪɱ˾үɣѾƲסˣү͵ԬСӣҲסӵ
̨ɽЩһ˵ϻڸԬħͷƴɱ⻹˵ãϻ̨ɽס֣ǲκʧġ
ɷ˵ЩֱӾͳ˹ȥϻһͬԸԬ
չҲ˻𾫳ҪǰȥԬȴסСףĽͷոս⿪廹ͲҪǰˡ
һŵסչĻƢסҵƿҲǰȥ
ҳλүȥûпѦСߺӰһλүӣСߺأ
㲻õģǵĽͷѾʦ˽⿪ˣʦ˺ķȣȫεˣµĶľʦɮտʲôʧġѦүӵ
˺أѪӣҲأĽͷҲ⿪ˡղŵǿ˵
֮ǰԽǿҲ˽ͷģǻǽͻȻ裬ײϣӣϵĽͷӦҲǽ⿪ˣֻģĺݡ
˽ͷ⿪һʱ䣬϶Ҫһӵġ
ãȥ˶ľʦľʦϵöǵİʦˡ
Ȼǿǣֻ·һ
߸û˶ν⽵ѦҵλүҲֻܽ⿪ͨĽͷ
Ȼ˶ڵĲᣬһܹܣϾû
һôԮ֣ղʮ̨ɽĴгɱ˹ȥƶǡֱֵۡĸɮԬħͷӦǿܹסǾûܵıҪˡ
ҿӺҲͬʱһ
λүӣǶԲסˣҪһֱѦҩ̣Ҳô鷳ЩС߸Ӹʮεĸλүӵ
ӣĪҪ˵Ļĳ㲻Ҳ˭֪ѦҺҵĹϵǶһϵƣڽ֮У˭ҲܶѦүӵ
˵ţͷͻȻˡǲһ죬֮һƬͨŵһһ顣
̧ͷʱһ׳˺ҹգޱȡ
ʱһһԽס
̣׺ܹܿˡ
ԭϻӶԸԬħЩƲסʮ̨ɽĸɮȥǿס˾档
һͷȥʱ򣬻ħ֮ԬŵİΧм䣬ԱλɮܵشɵڵأϺǱԬɻ˵ġ
ħ֮Ԭ׺ΧȺŹһﻹǱߴ㳯߿
ʦϣ
һΣһǱߴ˻ľ죬֮صȻ𣬷ɳʯ
һ׳ͻȻӰ֮һеǹǽ֮ϡ
״ˡ
æϻǱߴ㿪
ϻ㾫ļһô֪׾Ҫˡ
ֵܼһϵ޼䣬ڸԵֶҲָơ
ϻͻȻһƣΧŻħ֮ԬЩжʱٵĳɢȥ
ЩиһɢϻͳԬϽ𲧴˹ȥ
ԬʶɻϽ𲧵˳ȥ
ʱһѾһǹǽ֮ϣ˫־ǹǽԬķ˹ȥ
һȣرߡ
ǵ׳ǹǽǣ֮£ͳԬķ
׳类ĳڳ޲˾֮
ص˻ϳܵߣĴ档
վߵĽӺҲЩ΢΢
¡һǵͳԬȥ
ҷ֣һ̣ԬȻٵĳƿʮ׵ľ룬ըѿģըһ޴ӡ


2787 㱨Ļ
ղһǵ磬޴󣬵ϱըһʮ׳ӣħ֮Ԭ׵һ֧Уӱ˳ȥڵء
ͷһ۾Ǳ߿ȥ׹󣬵֮ϻкܶϸС룬ʮ֮ڵĻĲݶյһƬڣԶļôҲȼȼ
Ƭ̣Ԭܿӵһŭıһ˫Ѫ۾ٴγ߿
Ŀԣ޵Ļȼա
ҵǱʲôһ£ҲɱƵģҲֱӡ
֪ԬڽǰذԼһɲʲôִûħ֮ҲǵĳС
Ԭ֮󣬼ٵĳħڣһǰ
ŵĻһ£ٴסҵĸ첲үܰɣһϣСûˡ
Ҳûд𻰣ĿתĿԬв뵽СүͲˡ
Ԭһľŵ֮½Ҹɱˣˡ
ŵ׽ɱǾãֲҡ
Ҹ㱨ѩ޵Ļᡣ
¡һһٴαһԬȥ
ԬܹǰӦĹ켣һ㣬ǧһ֮ʣܹյĶ㿪
Ȼᱻ׵֧Уܿͻ߿񱼶
ĵףԬ㿪ˡ
ԬҲԽԽ
үСҪϽӰɡӵ
ӡϽߡٲ߾ˣѦүҲ
λ˺󣬲ùңзִ磡
סһסԬѾܽˣһ̣ҵȴ쳣ƽ˫֣վһ
ҵѾһˣ˭±Ԭϣ
ԬʱѾܿһס
ףɥ֮ʱ
Ԭһ߰ʮ׵ľʱȻ䣬պǿҵǰ棬ͬʱеķ
ƺ׷
յͺһԬͷ֮ͻȻһŽӲӵĹâڿҵԬͻȻͶԭزˡ
ôһӵʱ䣬һĵߵ
һΣħ֮Ԭ޿ɱܣһصĻϡ
Ԭղվĵطٴγһӣ̹
ǿ˵֮£ʩչһ֮һΣֱӵ˵ϣղҲٵĳķȥ
պǿߵʱǿСŸ磬ҡǾˡ
ҵ˵ͷмĿһۡ
ߵ׻еĵطаɫð
ҵ۾Ǹط֮䣬Ӱ֮һӰٴǸɻ˹һߣһɳƵ૵Ҫɱ㡭Ҫ𡭡
һ£ԬȻܵشħѾʮֱɻҲ֣Ҳ˻߶
һʮ׵ľʱһĵڰ˵ٴκ
һ㣬֮ٴըһӣܵشԵʣħ֮ԬٶƶѾˣڰ˵Ҳûж
һңԬŴ֮˳
һΣ߶߲ˣŲǧٿףкɫħеɻҲǺ˸
⡭Ҫɱ㣡ħ֮ԬǼᶨƵĳŲ
ǰŲʮ׵ʱһĵھŵףҲһԬϡ
һףԬ֧ŲסˣҶʮ׵ĵطҵӣԬκζ
һİ˵Ŀ⣬Ӧöһ㣬Ķǵھŵ׻ӡ
ɫɢȥһ紵һڣһֱ۵ӰȻٴδӿ˳
šûб֪һһ
֮
ǵģԬûȫ׺ɱҲһܹһס
ǸڣðźɫħԬһεĴӿ˳һһĳŲ˹
ﻹ΢Ǿ仰һҪɱҵǾ仰
ӵʱ䣬ҲŲ߰˲һΣصˤ˵ϡ
Ȼץɻֻ֣һһĳ˹
õʱ䣬ԬҵߣħйǧٿףһӣҵǰȻɻ֧Լ塣


2788 
˿̣Ԭվҵǰһײľ룬Ľڣһֻ۾ըϹˣںڶۿ档
ڲϵĲٶһ£Ҫɢܵĸо
һֻ۾Ѫһʺ죬Ƕ񶾵ĹâĶҡ
СŸ硭ӾĴһҪǰһ֣˵죬㲻Ҫ
Ӷס˽ŲȴһǵĿߡ
Ԭĺ﷢һɳƵġء죬Ѿȫ˵ˣܹ˵ʲô֮ǰǾ仰һҪɱ㡣
ζŲ֮󣬲ŷ̧Ѿʧɫɻһһ̧еɻ̧ҼλãҲֺ̧Ȼʹ˻һ˿һ¡
ѵˮһ㣬ûһ˿ʹֻǸոҵ·ɻԬл
ȻԬֻѪ۾ָģվһȴҲûٱ۾Ѿɥʧеվǰ
ԬѾᱨջûɱңҵɡͷˣӯ³ҲӦãҾĶ֣Ǿ仰±лᣬǻԼˣѾû±ˣĻǶħ
˵ţһμ˽꣬һɨȥԬͷն£ǲšͨһԵ˵ϡ
ʱҲûһѪʳ
һߵԬͷ­ԱߣǬ˱óһ·Ԭͷã·ŽǬ˱֮С
һУҽŵҲǳ׷ͻȻ䣬Դ죬ǶþѪķ֮ˣǰһڣȻҲԵ˵ϡ
ٴʱ򣬷ֻǸϤĵطѦλүӵķ֮Уط˺ܶΣÿһζ֮󣬲Żᱻ͵ﱻλүҽΡ
һ֮Ӧһ˰ɡ
ԬɱѾҲûʲôرǿĵˡ
۾ĵһˣӣҵߣϲĿң˵СŸ磬ˡ
΢΢ͷԼһϵƣտҲҲûһ˿ҵΪӦٴλΪˡ
֪ϲǡ
ҾþѪ֮ԸԬʱҾѾ˵ﱻ٣Ϊһ˵Ĵ㡣
ˣҽͻ˯죬ڼ䣬λүѾˣͨӸңһ˵Ĳ̫أصˣǶþѪɵķ֮֮ǰָǽһɵΪٴλΪС
λүһһҹļʱ֮£ǱסˣҲ˵ҵǿԼС
һϢǴ˿̵ȴҲЦҲ֪Ϊʲô
ͻȻ䣬ԼһǿĵûˣлЩĸо
ڣһû㱺ͲʵҽԬԴ
ӻ˵ս֮ԬɱʣµһС֣ԬɥҲ˷²սʡֵΡ
ڵЩѦҩ̴һ죬ڶҲˣ˵ǵҵ˺֮һҪȥǺȾơ
˵ʵԬ飬ܹϹЩ⡣
ϾǿģֿǾԲģ˵ǵȷѿ
ڣĵĸмǿ죬Ҳһֵѡ
ѦСߡǼϵĽͷڵϾͱʦ⿪ˣΪڽ⽵ͷʱλʦ̸նĹҲ̵ĽͷɣѦҩҲ˯죬糿˹
ѦλүӶ԰ʦʮָмˣѦҩ̶סա
ڣʦ˻û뿪
ڵ֮󣬱̨ɽЩɮ˻ȥˣһս̨ɽս˼ֱۡĸɮǴǼλɮȥģ˵ǵȴЩɮĺ£ٹǡ
ϻ̨ɽס֮󣬹Ժ㲻ܸǼ˳˻һˡ
Ԥϵ顣
ȻͻȻǵһͷʦץûУҡҡͷ˵ûҵˣʬ
ڴһ֮Ҳſµ߶ĺܣλү˵Ҫһ֮ҲſС
µ߶ʱ򣬱ӵĲ֮£λүӵķҵ˰ʦˡ
ʱ䣬ʦѦƻָĺܿ죬˵ҪߣרŹǵġ
˰ʦ֮ǿһлΰǽ⽵Ķ顣
ȻұǬ˱óһԬͷϡ


2789 
ʦ˿һҷǸ˶һ㶣װʲô
ҽǰһ򿪣ǿǰװһͷʱ򣬲ⶼһ£¶ֻ֮ɫ
ʲô˼ʦЩʵ
ʦףٰһæͷ͵ˮʥէ³⻹ױдһţһת˵ţұ㽫дõҲ˳һϡ
λʦЩ⣬ʦƬ̣˵է³Ǻˮʥ̵ͷ̩ףѵһߣǽͷ͸ǲŸէ³𣿡
Ҹէ³жԹ³߶ǵУֻҪͷ͸է³ͺãž֪ʲô˼ˣʦ޷ͷ͵է³У԰ʦ϶а취ҿ
ʦ΢һֵͿ϶͵ǲһܹ̩ɻضǣһͷ϶Ϸɻ
Ѿˣһ֪ͨڵѽǴ½·ͻֻ̩·;Щͷλʦܿˣλʦôæ¿϶λæ
˵ţҴǬ˱пݸ˰ʦǵſֱжң͵͸λʦеǮˣЦɡ
λʦƳһջǱȰ
УҲҪԺ϶ܹõǮǮ˵Ҳһ޶ˡ
Ǯһλʦ֣Űչǿǽ⿪ϵĽͷ˺ü˵⼸򣬾ҰеǮóҲ
֮ǰҾѾ֪ͨڵĽӣҹϵʦȫĻͻ̩
С£ڽ˵ɲˡ
һԬ˷һţңԣҲէ³дһţҲţȥէ³Ǳ͡
źԬͷΪէ³һ
Դҳǿʬţʬ֣һصĴϣնɱ˺ˮʥ̵Ķߺ³߽Ѫ̵ѪĸΪ˴룬үɱһصܶ棬նɱһֻʮĴħͷҲ
Щ꣬Խ󺣣ɽǿƴ¹Ȫȥ͵˰
˵ô࣬Ҿէ³һ飬ôǿĸֶô֣ѾΪ϶磬ƾʲô⣿
ϴԬұҲնԴ͸է³ѾʶģԺԣСүһ仰ǲ
ǺܺãСүˣֵٴɱˮʥܶ棬է³Դ
СүԼֶθߣһȺǿֵܡ
Сүʲôˮʥ̵ϴ̩ĻףСүж治ȡ̽ȡСүһᣬյԬͷ֮ڸһ𸴡
սǲս
ҪĻѾĺú̩ҵţȥ㣡սĻ͸Сүģ˵Ժ󿴼ߣҲҺҵѣСүͷһԺ·죬һߡ
һнԽΪˣԼܱߵĵˡ
Ԭ֮ĵ˾ǺˮʥǱߣ˵ʵէ³ȷЩͷϾ̩ĻףɱǺܶ಻Ҫ鷳ϷԺ󲻶ǣҪǻըëǶԲСүЩ߰ģֱնݳԾ󻼡
ͬʱһ֪ͨڣһ֮ұӾжʽڴʡݳ¼ңʱӭɵĳѲμӵĶʽ⣬һɢȥһϢигˣùҴк͵ģһʽһɾгıԩıԩеĵ˶֮󣬲׼Ӵ顣
֮󣬱㳹׵˳ϴ֣ȥûûȻСӣʱ˭鷳СүնݳôˣҪء
ܴ˿ΪȫޣһǸСүѱ£һվţҪ
⻹һˣһصܶЩˣһصܶѾˣеҪȫĸɸɾʣµľһЩССϺȻϺܶ࣬Ȼɲʲô򣬱˵ˣԼڶѱص鶢ģֻҪһ¶棬ͻĺܲҡ


2790 
Щ֮⣬Ҳ벻ʲô׺Ķִڡ
ɱԬ֮󣬺ˮʥ̺ѪĸǱ߲в
ʵһ˲ò˵ǰø½ͷǸǵһͷʦ̣һԴӽԬг֮ұûٿӰ
Ӧǳ͵͵ˡ
һﱻԬӶؽ֮²½ͷϳ˴ͽ˺Щ
뵱ûΪУӦǱЩ˸ˣԺҲǣҪȻʱ͸ԬһԸǡ
ûУ˵ǸС֮ˡ
ڰ͵͵½ͷԣҪ浶ǹĸǴ治ǵĶ֡
ֻҪǷԺҾͿԸӸˣĹ⾰ҵΪҲԻָ߰˳ɣʱ򼴱ǳҲη塣
߰ʦ˵죬ͻȻһ飬ǿͷȻȫɫǿϱҲͷ
ԴΪ⣬һ֮²֪ԭǿΪ̻ǽԵʡ
ʱǿеǻǽǻ
ǿеĻǽļȣһֻҪס˺ˣһʱʲô֮ǣѦСߺԼеĽͷò⿪
һǿĻǽһ⿪ġ
λǵĸɮѾ⽵ͷ˺֢ǿͷڼ֮ȫˡ
Ϊˣǿһʱ䣬費˼룬ѦλүҲЩ޲ߣΪ˲ôѹԼѦүһֵҩһҹ֮ͷ׷֣ճҩҲ˸ǿһ޶ɫͷ
ӵ˼˵Դӱ˰׷֮󣬾͸עĿˣƽ˼ֲʳ˼̻ζҲǳס
յİ׷ͨҩܹɺڷģǿԺһֱǰͷˡ
ǿΪжĲУӾ͸ӵ罺ᡣ
ֹûգս廹һˣֵܼһپƣѦҩ̡
ֵܼȵЩˣȵս徹Ȼʹ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôŪӣʱصֹܾһصܶʱ⽫ܿˣǼɻ֮Ĺϵ
Ūүүص黪־ֳλҲˣֵܼ˼϶
һүǿ޵ӣǼҲζ
ϴصڴĳǵΪɶԺҲҪص˻ˡ
սû˵ǹֵܣĳǵ飬Ǹ缸Ҳûйֹ
ս岻ѣǰʱԬɱǵʱҲʡص˳档
ֹһʱ䣬ֵܼϵȫõĲˡ
һһ˱ĸӱӵ˺Ҷݾӣڸ߸ڴһƬյأ˺ܶ๤˿ʼʩڸ߸ڴ彨һƬ԰֣Ժܼҵ˱ҪǨӵ߸ڴסҶ
֮һҲ֮ǰԣҲּңԺһˣס½Ƭ԰֮С
߸ڴźҶȲԶСʱĳ̣ԺҲȽһЩ
ԴˣһĸĸûʲôڴӦ
ܼڱ⣬רŵľҲ̫ġ
Щ飬ҸӵĻˡ
˻»ҪϹ죬ȥ¼ף߹ʡ
Ȼ¼ұ¡صĶ磬ټɵĸֺѹϲơ
Ǵϲ£ϸ缸ȻȫҪҲǰ˼ص¼׼
Ǹ缸ȥ¼ҵ;У˳éɽҵĸĸҲ˳ҾԺǾͲٴéɽĶ츣ˣҲϣܹص߸ڴ壬ϾǱ߲Ϥĵط˴뱲ӡ
ȥéɽ֮ǰѾô֪ͨǣӺܸˣӶҪȢϱˣǴéɽӳʱڳ˸֮⣬ԵЩִٲ
ӡУҵĸĸûмӵģֻƬһڸֵĺϲ£죬˵Ů濡ȢϱǸˡ
⻰ҾͲˣҳĶƵġ
¼ҵĶʮ¡أڳ¼ҴԺ֮Уϰ
ҽҰӼʱڻһ
¼̫ˣһ㲻ͨ˼ңǸ󣬱ǿ¼ҰڷŵЩӣҲʮֳԾҲ̫ˣ֪Ҫٿˡ
ûô棬һֱҵʳ¼ҵǸɶģǲȢ˴ٻǸ̵ĹŮ
˵ҵ̫󣬻ҪǿǵģĶԺȢǮ˼ҵĹŮ


2791 һͬİ·
ĹҲʮΣܶ飬Ұֶ֪ȫڹ
¼ȻҴҵǳĺˣҲҲ˵ү磬ҸүҲǵµһ֣үү֮ǰҲص黪ֳֵܾ
ңҲڽ֮ϴټͷסڻĵĽ֮˭˲֪˭˲
ӴĲҵҲܷһۺֹڡ
۴ĸ棬ȢӣǸ¼ҵȻҲʮֻϲ
һֱų¼ҵ̫ү鲨ʮҲüθӾж磬Ǽλ˼ңѹ꣬ͷ׷ɷǣֻ˫Դǲмֻϡ
ˣμ棬Ҳܹܵү̺֮ΪӦøһ
¼ҵææµµɿ
ڽӵ˳¼Һҵ֮½½ĵ
УҲ̨ɽ飬ϵμҵĶ磬ܲ˵ҲӦչҲĲ
ĳ棬ҵĸĸӵĿɿڴ۽硣
ǼֱԼ۾
ΪμҺӻģǺоǵʿǲ˵·ҲǷ֮
éɽɽɽɽɽ䵱ɽɽɡɽɡŻɽɽɽ¡
ĵźͷŵƽ̺סֻȫϤһʮֹصĺֱ¼ҴԺվˮйͨ
˸ɵĸ֮⣬һЩСŵĸҲѶ
ȻҲкܶǲ
ЩμҺӻĸɵƽ̺ס֣кܶǻϲ뿪ɽŰ벽ģЩ˾ǹΪ˼һЩƽ˺ͷס֣ͷҲҪ
ãʱڵ˾óվڳ¼ҴԺſڣܽ¼ҴԺûģǶԲˣҲ̤¼ҴԺһ
ӵⳡ磬ȫһνϷֵĴۻᣬһǰɵƽ̺ͳ־ۼȫһΡ
ǳˣҲ¼ҴԺַǷ
ڳ¼ҴԺܣкܶ཭ʿۼſڿ֡
кܶ˺Щ˵Ĺϵ˳¼ҴԺ
˭㳡棬ҲһüһȻڵĴܼҽӿţĸɵŷ׷׻۴˴ǰΧĳǵʱҲû
ӵ½˵˸ɵĸֹ֮⣬صҲ˲٣ȻЩص˲ûдǱ־ԵɽװǽҲһ۾ʶǵݡ
صδãȥˣֻҪ¼ҴԺͺã߲ӭǡ
ص˹޷ǾЩʿۼһ𣬻ֳʲôӳһ£ȻҲɳ˺ܶǡ
ãصøǵѵıˣʡ˳ûҡ
Ҿ鲻̫ܷһҺӵĶ¡أ۵һϤĳ˳ıӵĲͷˣŻܵ顣
ȫûʲô
ҺӻһոµͷӴһɫۣ˵ױִ֮һ˿ĵϢǺɫ۽ĳеİ͹£޲ɷ
һôҰȫˣǸ֪ԼĶӣȻôӰԲʲôнİڽɽƬɽȫڴ˴
Ұ֮⣬үүҲȫҲ֪ͨǼСӺСǡ
Ǹûмĳ棬ֱӾǰ棬Ҷ۲ͣɨܵˡ
ҺӶžƱɵĸһһľƣһéɽڣһɽæĲֺҲʮֵǢͣһƬϲĳ档
ҽƲྴһȦʱͻȻڳ¼ҴԺһ￴һϤӰҪۼǸ˻һֱڶҡ
ҺþúþöûмˣûҵĶϡ
ҿʱҲһʮָӵҡ
ֻĿһۣתȺ֮УӰ
ֻһĹӾͷҵ쳣ҲҲ΢΢һ£ȻСĸ˵СŸ硭ȥģģӦ
һͷһӣ˵ˣӦǹһ۵ģһ֮Ҫͬİ·Һαȥأ


2792 ݹ
ֻǵ̾ϢһȴҲ֪Ϊ̾Ϣǲٶԡ
ѾͷһȻһֱһ㿴ҲǰչСʦ㣬ǰΪʲôȹǶǿҶ԰չĽϣҶаַǷ֮롣
ҺӶ飬öҵ룬ǰһʹֻϣҪңϾǿ󲻵á
¼ҴԺ֮У˻ĸ󶥼ɵĸ֡
һϲƾգӵĸ׳žƱվ˸̨֮ϣ棬ϲ
ԴҺӴСձǾת֮󣬾ЩʱĵѾȫָ˹
ͻȻ䣬˵λϵѣճĳСŮʬҺϲ֮գĳλˣӭλܴҹ٣ĳмڴˣλһƣıл⣡
˵գһͷȸɡ
̨֮˶ʱкã
ҸҪվ˵ʱͻȻ䣬һЦڳ¼ҴԺ֮ǻ
ЦҲΪ֮ˣڳλϰڷŵľƱǾƱ֮еľˮ˲ԼôΪ
Ц֮ڳ˶һʱѻȸ׷׳ɨӣЦ֮˵Ӱ
Сӣϲôõ飬ҲƶȱϲƣСӲصһϤԶĴ
СȢϱЩϼһˣǵõϢⱭϲƣǸǸϲඡҲһϤ
˵䣬ͻȻһ磬ӲԶݼ֮ϣӰƮɶ¡
һǣдϲæӭǰȥһֵˡΪˡӭݹ٣û뵽ǶλǰܲμĶ磬ܳ
Ҹүѣһ䵱ɽĳˣһǰչʦүΪɵĴʼΪˡ
û뵽λ˾ȻͻȻҺӵĶϲ֮ϡ
ڳĸɵĶ֣һλ׷׷֮
ߺˣ
һǵ֮ΪߣҸү걻֮ΪµһֵĻλǵڶߵ֣ҸүѾˣ¼䣬ΪܹԽλǰģûˡ
СӣϹ飬ֵô᲻أôҲϹһӣֻǿϧϹûǸ֣ûܹһϲˡ˵˵
ᵽҸүʱλǰ϶ʱ¶ʹϧ֮ɫ
һᵽ£Ҳʹһ£ǰҸүûüһϲƣʵһ¡
λǰǵˣƮԺҶһλǰҲ֪ȥλǰϲƣҲλǰںδλǰҪǡһ֣ٴο
˰ˣƶ֪СģϼһҲˣⱭϲƻûдΪЦ˵
ʦү˼ˡչޱȣæǰ
Ϊɵˡˡ˷׷ǰ˵ϣĿͷֹ
λΪ˵ͽܣΪûʮ꣬ͷ¶棬⼸λҲǼʮûм˼ˣĳһսΪɵ⼸ҲûȥɣҲǼʮһμ˼ңܲ
ʦ˼Щ궼ȥˣ㰡չүүӢݺᣬͲסΪ˵Ĵˡ
˺ˡΪʦȻΪʦĵСŶϲӣǾͲҪٿ޿ˣɺͳƶûΪæкµ
Ϊɵ˸ոһͻȻ˺֮
ʦ塭ʦ桭
һƬ䵱ɽĵӣ䵱ɽƽ˵Ĵ֮£ȫ˵Ľ¡
ʦ塭Դϴδĳһ˼ҾͲӰ˵ʲôҲҪǻ䵱ɽҪ˰ɣ䵱ɽƽ˼
ңƶѣϲ޾ƶ䵱ɽĶ츣֮вɱң˺ˣԺ˵ĪҪ˼ҶϿ޿䣬ɺͳƲ
Ϸӣ˵Ǿ͸ԺһɣҪˣһ磬ˣˣŵӲס¾ͲˡΪ˼
һ죬Ϲ֣Ƿƶһʶ
ͯģҲЩЦãղһЦڳ˶ĿɿڴޱȵԭΪ˹ˣһ磬ȫġ


2793 Сթ
λǰǶ죬ͻȻ̨˵ϷӣϹ֣
Ϊ˺ͬʱ̧ͷɫһϲ˹һЦȳӣҲмʮûмˣ϶أ
λϸ綼ţҳȳĸߣҳ¼ҼŮλϸҳ¼ԣҰ
ϣ鲨ͻȻЦŴˣͷϷԱߣϷˣҪλϸúɣ
˵Уг¼ҵļǰ̧̫ʦΣ˳鲨̫үߡ
λǰһ͸¼̫ү鲨ʶǻϲѣæ̨ȥ鲨һ
λǰܹμҺӵĶϲ磬ʵ֮ϲ
λǵ֮Ϊĸ֣ײβֳܹϣ˭ӣڳĸɵƽˣҲܡ
ǸҸү֮ԨԴڴĳһ𲢼սҲط
λ𳡣ɵƽ̺͸ֿҵֲһˡ
ǿ϶룬СӾжһ磬ۼķĶּʮ겻¶ĳҲѶ
ֱӣ֮ɣҲǿĺ
ΪԭصŻᰲ˴ĸ֣Χڳ¼ҴԺܣԷ⡣
ڳ˺ȾƳ⣬ò죬鲨̫үҲĵĻ졣
ʱͻȻӻζһС˹ҶС˵үһԳѪ̵Ҫ㣬үǲ
һѪͷһʵ˭
ң
䣬һٶĴӣζһ󲽳˹Ҷһ߲ǱˣѪ̵ѪԪ˧Ѫ̰ܰչĸĸʱһѪ̵Ѫĸ˺ϴ辭˴ΪѪԪ˧ҲҴһɳӣû룬ŲһĹ⾰ѪԪ˧ֳԳһӡ
Ѫ̵ѪԪ˧طҲչһѪԪ˧ʱŭɶűҪǰȥһԵɸס˸첲ССף𼤶һ϶ǹѰģûǸӣҿҪʲô
ѪԪ˧ΪѪ̵ѣֻһסǵȥ·ҲǸ֮ˣҲûɱصһһϣܹҵѪ̵ԴͷȥôãҲ඼Ӹˣ϶ʲôǳҪ顣
ڳѪ̵ˣ׷ɫ䣬ԹаڳĿɶɵĸ֣ͻȻðһһصаѪ̵ļһʱڳ˵Ŀ⡣
Ѿ͵͵ϣ׼Ҫʱˡ
ѪԪ˧λֵĿ֮£˿η֮ɫֱߵҵߡ
ѪԪ˧һϢߵҵӿҲЩš
ǰ׵ĵطѪԪ˧ס˽Ųһµľӣһ֣˵ŸʬҺ¼Һ˳충ϲѪԪ˧Ѫĸ֮ǰݺأ
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Ѫ˰չĸĸҪЮչ϶Ѫ̺֮ǣ̲סҪ֣ٴαš
ѪԪ˧һЦү²ǹҵģǷѪĸ֮ǰףأֱϲƺȡ
˵˵ȻȾƵģǿ϶ӭǾɡͻȻǰ
Ͳˣ³˹ϲ֮⣬һǳҪ飬Ҫү˵ѪԪ˧
˵ҿ
ѪԪ˧ų˫һӵݸңЦɣѪĸ͸үĺ񡣡
һ㶣Ҫȥӣһץסҵ֣ҡҡͷ˵Сթ
ģıǡ˵ţֽӹǸӣ˵򿪡
ʵҲûзֻǾѪĿǰûӵңֳϸʲôèҲ˵ģѪԪ˧϶Ҫҵڶɡ
ӴһһɫƣѪһޣзǳʸУȷǷǽʯҲ֪ʲôʣ滹һȻһɢӣ֮£ʮɫʶĿ


2794 Ĳ
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ѪԪ˧˵ҺܿСӵ⣬ҺӶ֮ǰýӽϢɢ˳ȥǸһߡסгˣҶ֮ǰ˽ԹȻ֮նݳƬײ
ѪǵõϢԴ͵ģҷѪһ
ʵҪĽӽ֮ҾƽһٸκΪС
£ջǸӣãˣӴ֮󣬾׸Ѫ̵ĶԹһʹ޹ϸ𡣡
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ʵѪ̸ΪɵĶԹҲȻΪ˶ˣȻҲûɶ˵ˡ
лүΪˣˡɽģˮ
˵գѪԪ˧һתȥ
ѪԪ˧ٶ뿪Ҳһȥһͷ󻼡
еĺӵݸߵӣЦ˵ӣҲûиʲôָ̥͵Ķɡ
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ʮۺɮ˹һѹ͸ѹĳȺ֮жʱÿһ·
ʱէ³һˣߵҵǰϵ¶һ˿Цݣ΢һ֣ЩӲĵĽնϲˮʥ̵Ľէ³ˮʥȫڣϲϲɺذ
է³ôеӹŲСүһӲܽȫҵʬչĻƢˣָէ³
է³ɫһҵǲԶǧǰ㶩ϲģѵĴ֮𣿡
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ǰãĲ¸ԬᣬЩȫûãէ³ͳǵǰ߿϶ܲˡ
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յˣʮֹأԱԹҲһЦɡ
˵ţէ³һ֣ʱһľͷǰ


2795 
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ΪǺװһͷͷǱ˵ģǰø½ͷǸǵһͷʦ̵Դ
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˵ȫƾһ죬֮ǰԬҲô˵ģǺǶڱһѣҼѣԴˣôҲ˵
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