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ݼ
ϳţ¿꣬Ưֱһöָĳ֣תˣ̤֮·
˻磬ǿٻޣΨ
ҿϳǿߣŲţŮЦãأ


01 ɨ
Īаѧ
ΪһĹѧѾΪߵ֮أһһſд󽭺ǰ֮ơ
ʱһƳԶĪаѧɽ
ϳýӰڿյ֮ǰ˺ݣȭȣÿһʮ㣬ŷƿ֮
žžž
籬
һεκˮ£ڼӲĵϡ
ڳν
һλϰʫдʫ䣬˵ľ龰
;ϳбұ׼·㾡֮䣬ݺݿ˵ϣӲڵϿĳһӡ
ܲʹ
Ȼʹ
ʹҲû취ϳĹΪ򹦡Ҫڵ֣ҪЩ塣
ȥײ棬ײⶼС˼ײʯͷŽӲӲ
һδײĲֹϳ۵壬ͬʱҲܴ֮ڵ
״һص
Ҫ߷ǿ似ƿָƽӣ˺Բڻ¡
Īаѧжֹѧѡ񣬱Ĳ¶¶԰¶ֱˮƹҪˮᣬʺŮӡ
йУǹһţѧֻϳһѡ򹦡
б׾Ȼ࣬ǳЧȴΪ˳壬øΪǿ׳
ϳеĿǿԲŻѡ򹦡
ĩβͼϳһͦӵϵڰмתȦ˫ϣ£ԵԴеȥŵһġ
䣡
ƺȻأӡһӡ֮ǿϳ徹Ȼȵ˵ϣһ㡣
ǿϳڣԾİ֮ƺһΪ֮
˶Уͨ˵ĵǷյģ粻Ψܽ￪ٳ
ɸ¥ƽ𣬿ٵߵĻ
ڸղһ£ϳ㲻϶ôĵһЩ΢ĳɳ

ϳڴڵĴŴؿھ͸õķһÿһκᵼ±ǿ׻ʹͺСߡ
ϢϳŷأסΣҲƽȡϼ֣˫΢΢¶ĵĿ⡣
δϣɻǲԶԶ
ϳҧҧм仰
ϳЩǵͬѧһЩ˿ɵиΪǿߣΨ˲ܸıѹϵĲˡ
ϳֻǸɣļ൱֮
ϳϼĵϵϼ壬ж꣬
뵱山ֱ֣룬֮Ϳ̿ϼ峤ھеҪְͳһϼҾıһǿռս֮Уһ֧ʸϼ峤ۣ߶ûһûʱγӲǲսһ̡
һսϼΪҽ˴Ĺѫܸ˵ȴҲȷ˼Ժյλ
ƬΧϼҾһһĴˣڹƾ飬ȫǻʵ۰䷢Σ
һ屾һ£κŪˣ
ԴϳϼֻŰգͻȵȣùһһ
ϼ峤ģһλҲ֪б»Ǻ˵˵ڼ˼Ȧ˵ˮû⣬ȫϳһϣ˵ϳǸɨǣѣ
һѶϳ֮ģټһι״ĹŹ̥ǣʹ峤ĻһľͰϳ˼壬ҽֹ̤벽
꣬ϳ꣬ԴԺҲûмĸ
ϳм׳ŵܻؼ壬ҪһĸĴŶûܽȥֱӱ˳һȣЩзϣ
ĸڣȴĸ涼ʹ಻ܹġҹ׵ϳͷŸĸģӣ¶ᡣ
ѵĸ
ѵһӵɨǣ
ѵͬǿӸˣ
İ
ľ͵ñǿ
ֻҪǿһ̶ȣͿŤתǬĻصϼ壬Ҳû˸Ұϳšĸͼ˭һȭɣ
ߵΪеȼ֣ӵ͵Ϊּͭ𼶵ȵȣڽ֮ϣиǿĴڡ
ϳʮ꣬Ҿ꣬ĪаѧĺڷܣΪǲߣͭڣһ֮ң
ʵӲϼ壬ȥҲֻǱҪػϼԲԶҲּС
ϳ̧֣Ŀƣ󴦣һɫ̥ǣģһЦŵĺɫ
ɨǣܴԭΪ̥ǵԵʣ̥ǵӿһַǳĸо
㺦ңϳԹ
̥ǵλǡôҪѪϣϳͽˣ£ľط
ɫ̥Ƿ·һ㣬Ȼڴ˿̼¶һ£ϳѪǷȺСûϳע⡣

糿ϳɽ·Īаѧѧɽϣ˺üɽ·ͨ˴
·ϣһӰһɽ·˹ϳߵͬһ·ϡ
òŮٱ£˫Ŀ峺ʤѩһϸüбޡһƥƥͨ峤űɫëͷԼ帲̹ƬͷһһСǡ
ϳͣ½Ųȥһ۱ϳ˶Էݡ
ŮҲϼҵˣΪϷѩͬһʱϳĪаѧǱѧ
ϼ壬ӵܵʱ򣬻ǻὫܶӵ͵ѧ߾зչȫϷѩɳġ
˶ϼһӵܣݸȴر
ϷѩǼصĶųԴʹãΪѾ۷壬ϳҪ߳ܶࡣ
ϳأ
ϳǱһ߳ɨǣϼŲʣ棬ҲûӣõԴˡ
ΪȱԴԲϳٶȣֱڻͣ͵ͭԴ治ȱ˲
ϷѩҲϳɨһ£ĺһ漴ջĿ⣬ͺ񿴵һ޼ֵһſƥߵˣкûһ¡
ѧ꣬ϷѩδۿϳѹûϳԼͬԶס
ϳϰΪһѹһ˿˿á
ȻԷˣҲðѶԷˣƨ£
ǸԼͬԶףϳƥ
ƥͷϳǵͨһͷޣ
νıһֺԽǼ򵥵Ϊ֮ޡӵ̬һ̬һǱ̬
̬Ҳţ̬̬֮ǵǹһ̬
ҰޣǱǱޡ
˼飬ȷʵڱ
ߵɱޱ仯ģͨı̫ˣ޷ߵΨб޻ζɵܽߵӵ
޾ߵұۣǲɻȱĴڣҲΪӵ䱦
˵ϷѩǰٻһͷּޡīڿġѾͷˣȻٻôıޣһһı޶ûءϳŽԶȥī¶һ˿Ľ֮⣬
ϢңԶ磬һ磬ڵ˻ʽǧ˿ƵϵҪȡޣֻͨٻķʽóһٻ󣬽ٻ
ƣġ
ܴܴ
Ϊ磬ÿǳ޵Լ˻ʽֻѣһޱ޼ʵӡ
ͨٻҪѺܶǮССϳʵ֧
ϳʡԼãʡǮٻϣһٻ˾ŴΣȫʧˣһıҲûٻ
ϷѩŵĸּīϳԾһңɼ
ϳָͷ㣬ǮպܲóһٻˣҪҪȥһԣ


02 ٻ
űıȥϳеĶˡ
ƴһԣѾʧ˾ŴΣλʧܣôùҲиߣ
ϳ⣬˫΢΢һ¼ӿٶȣڴĻصĪаѧһͷ˱ᡣ
Īаѧѧһ꣬һǼװ࣬ڶҰ࣬࣬ѧͱҵˡ߶ԣĪаѧֻǸܳѧϰ·㡣
ܴѧÿѧסһᣬٲǮĹӸܵһᡣ
ϳԼķ䣬ԼļҵһС
ŶʮöԲǮҡ
ǮΪңĿʯƶɣ̺ܹٻͬʱҲǬ½ͨеĻңй̶ʽһеңһµģһ㶼С
ʮöңϳʡԼ²Ŵʡģպÿһٻ
߶ԣʵ̫Ҫˣûб޾ûô˴챣ӣһҪҳɹٻޣǧʧˡ
ϳңһ
ϳ㻳Լȫļҵ˹ٻҡ
ٻһԣʧܡΪ˸ѧһȫٻĪаѧ⿪⴦ٻҡ
ﰵһ޴ļӳ󷨣ܹһ̶ʹٻøȶﻹеʦһٻгʲô⣬еʦæ
ٻڡ
ʮѧеȺеĹһˡ
Ҹղٻġ󡯣γһذס
һѧΧҫһͷΪͨޡͷͨͺܼ⣬ǽɣɫĹ
Ǳ֮ޣǽģѪ֮ǵʣ޷óȡ
ѧһ֣һܣ仯գۼһذףͺϷƵġذױѧץס⻮£ڰ⣬⼸˵ĺȲʡ
ϳǸζɵذףаĽ
ֻͼͭޣ۲Ϊһͭ޶ûС
޸һҲŵȣΪּͭ𼶵ȵȣÿ֮Ĳ඼ܴ֮
ϳԼıޣž۵ͽһ

һЩѧע⵽߽ϳ˽
쿴Ǹϳŵɥ֮Ȯˡ
ʲôòٻްɣ
ߣٻҲ϶ʧܣٻ˾ŴΣʧ˾ŴΣһɨǣ춼
Զ㣬մϻ
Ŀϳ˾롣
ϳڼﱻɨǣĪаѧͬ˴ͺܵùνù˲λ˵Ļȫûиݡ
ٻαޣٻɹһΣϳ϶ٻ˾ŴΣȫʧܸգһζûгɹ
ʧʵе죡
ϳʮһֱù˵İ³ɳġ
ڴˣϰߣȴδ
ϳûΧЩ˵ĻԼĿ⣬ֱߵһƬյϣȡңʼһٻ
Ĵʽ̺֮ܽͨңɼ磬ǱϢĵط
Ҿ൱īˮϳһҵİлһµ
һöһͺľ𽥰ûҰ޹⡣ϳ滻ңֵµٻɣԽԽӣɢĿİɫԡ
ϳڻٻ¹๦൱죬ΪЩǮǼְ׬ģ֮ףԼٽԼ˷һ㶼ۡ
Χѧע⵽ϳĶ׷Χ£
ϳĲۣȴĪаѧĴˣĵùǳģϳŵ˾֪
ұһֻ̬˹뷨ࡪɨѾʧ˾ŴΣλɹ
ҶԴ˿ڴ
Ƭ̣һͼͭٻϳֵ»ɣĵʮöҡ
ٻâʤʮյƣͨңԶ磬ͨһѱֻͨâģӰ񣬱Ⱥ¥Ҫģ
ͭٻרٻͭޣҵĻżٻ߼ޡ
ϳ֪ԼûǸֻҪٻͭ޾ͺˡһѹ궯ְٻһԲοհ״ٻ
ǬͨǧޣΪ
ϳھס
һͷޱǿоѺ磬⴦طֳģ
׹𽥵ȥ޵
ͭͭͭ
ϳŰ׹еӰޱڴͬʱҲޱȽš
ٻͭޣϳȴΪһ۰Ͱ͵
׹ɢչϳԼ˵ǰ׵ĳӣģܹճҺ˿ǵţ
ͷ޵ģϳԴ˵һ£Щ赹ڵء
ʧˣ
ֱΪ棬ʵǳСͭ㣬޷Ϊκαδıޡ
ٻ͸ٻһ࣬һöûС
ϳĶʮöҴˮƯǻڴΪС
ˣʱôпᡣ
ʧһһΣΪʲôҪңѵĥҺܺ𣿡ϳʹҧҧкޣֳȭص˵ϣһ
ʱϳѾܿˣΧ˻Ҫ˿һΡ
ۼϳʮʧܣΧһ˸߹һ˵ĳЦ
ϳˢԼĵù¼һΪ˴Ц
ȻϣСʧˣɨǾɨǣʲô¶ʧܣԶҲгɹһ졣
ٻһͷ棬Ҳ湻ùġ
ⱲӶֻٻ棬ɴȢ浱ˣҿͦġ
ϳûУȰѱȢؼң
ȫ˶ЦĵʦˣΨϳ˾ͺһУҰޱȡ
ЦЦǳЦ·Զֹͣ
ϳʹ࣬ΪΧȺ˿ֵԴȪ
ЩЦӣȵӸˡ
ЦûУϳȻתͷϵı鼫Ϊ˺ʡ
Цһ٣ƽϢʶϳŭˡ
ŭΣ
һɨسŵɨǣһͭ޶ٻĵùһͭߣʲôµģ
ôܵأܱЦЦ
һµЦһ̤ǰɢȻơΪϳͬѧͬһ࣬ͬǣܺãһǰٻޡХȮԴ˻γΪһӦֵĳǹ
Ǹӵܣųϼ壬˵ĸϼаĻϼ֮һ
ǳսϼϼ嶼μˣսΪһЩֵúܲ죬۹ͷʱ˫ͬһ̣ǿָϼ塣˫ìܽһӾ磬һֱӵҲûԺ֮ͣơ
ı£ҵĺȻϼҵĺܲ˳ۡ
񾭳ϳ鷳
ϳɨǱǸЦЦ쾭塣ƤĪаѧ˸Ц֮⣬ʲôã㣬СүҽЦˣԺ󻹻Ц㣬ܰۿϳڳһһ̬Ĵֶָ׼棬Ρ
ϳŭз·ҪҧгݵҽƴˣҪЦңҾͰĳ˺ã
㻹ЦڸҽЦƴҲ䣿СӣҪҴھͷ㡣ĪаѧѧдҸһλᣡ
дҲãƴҲգ֮Ҹû꣡
ϳվţߡܹЩùˣҲֹܹĳЦѹֵ˼Ҳѹֲסҵһйĳڡ
Χѧִˣվ˹Ȱ裬еȰеȰϳ
ϳ˰ɡˣڣϻХȮֿ𣿡
ǣһʱƽ˾ЦֲǵһˣͿɡ
ˣִ򲻹˼ҡ
ЩȰûȡöЧЩϽͣϳпŭսʢ
ϳŭŭȴûʧȥǣ˼ȡʤ
ԷΪߣлбХȮʤʵ΢΢
ͷû׼ܰʲôæͰշ˰ɡϳͷһתͷ˱档
ԴϳһԴҡţҲڻƣձٻûñ˴ճҺŪʪΧĵ档
޲ٻõģҪõ޽Լķʽнޱٻ֮󣬻ٻͣһСʱ䣬˽ˣͻΪãûͻԶͻص硣
ϳͭΪֻӵһޣ֮ǰٻļ棬ǲɢصˣһҲû£Ψ⣬ֻ޽ԼΪԷˡ
ıҲǱޣ²һҲʹһ£
ϳ֣Ķ׼ţͷųһߣע뵽˱ڡ
Ұɣϳһ
Լֽдɵģͨ޽ģһ֮Уϳ
ףһգ˴һӦϳо˱һЩ뷨Է´
Լɣ
ٻ漴ȥʧ
ҵһθ޵޽ԼұƲϱģû뵽Ǹ˻顣ϳпЦ̾һתٴʱϵıָ֮ǰ
ɣϳ


03 ܾ
ɨǣԼִ򣬱ǹ飡
ѿڣǹ磬Ƹƥգۼ嵽ϳǰ
Χ˶ڿ֣ûһڴ˵ĵʦ
ֹսд裬ĪаѧģֻҪֳɣǰе˽ǴܶŹǾͲˡ
ṇ̀ǹ⺮âէֱ֣ϳؿڣǳϳҲǰ׸ģ˫۵ӥž⣬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܿһǹ
һǹ󣬽Ǹӿ񱩵Ĺƣ񲻶ظǹ̻Ķܶ򵥣׼ķλȴΪйҪ֮
ԵɨһƬǹһߣǹõˣܽʼһϣ
ǹ׿ټеޣ绢
޿ʼкܶ޶츳ܣХǹǡ츳ܣͬеٮٮߡ
㳢Хǹ񱬺һгǹٴδ̳
ǹХȮ仯ɣͨɫŽϱХȮǰиͷͷҧǹ⡣
ǹŭ㣬ХȮӱһХ֮
ɲͨĵЧʹ⣡
ϳźһܵȴ
ʤ׷һǹ̳ǹƿҷۿɼǿƱ֮ǰκһǹҪǿöࡣ
ϳʵվҪȳһûܶ㿪һǹ˸ţ۵һХǹǹᴩļ򣬶ʱѪ쮷ɡ
Ƿֳʤϳû䣬һ˽еԭʼѪԣ
ϳһҧû˵ֱۣһץסϵХǹ߾ȫס
Űγǹ⣬¶ûγɭȻһЦȻβǾһξˣ
򵨱ȻƶХǹǰͻʹǹϳѪ֮У˵øˡ
ϳʹɫɷףȴǲ֣ץסгǹȻݺ߳һţһϡⶫһƤ򣬷˶ĳ񣬳Хǹǯסˣⶫһ
񾪽һûожʹǾವģͷԼϵĶⶫȻǸոձϳٻı棡
ճҺһµĸо֪մճҺҪǱжǱΧĺôЦ
ǵһεڳôûŭϳҪɱ㣡ХȮұ̬֣
һ£ХȮ仯̬תΪ̬ͼϸǹѸ̣ϳļͷתΪһһ׶೤Ĵ󹷣òȴͨĹ׶ö࣬ǽģѪ֮
÷һǵʹãһñ޵ս÷ǧ
𣡡
ХȮЧĺ˵ϳ˹ȥ
ٴȥпֳ
ϳı޶ûУǳĶ֣ɱֻеķݶ
ǧһ֮ʡ
һӰһХȮϣͷ޸ˡ
ˣס֣д轲ǵ㵽ֹƴ
һʦһǿӲֶΣֹⳡд衣
ϳˣ񱻺һ˶˿
ʦһ·ѧҽݣҽĴΪǴ˿ԼճҺڵʦǰ˲ôֻǱ˴˿ŶԷȻ⡣
뿪ҽʱϳĶߵһ䣺Сӣû꣡


ĪаѧɽɽƸվȺɽγһȻԹããɽҰ䣬ǱΣա
ĺɫȾأѪ
ϳһ·ϣ˵ţ˿ھЧҩҲüϣͭߣӹӲʣͨ˰һǹ򶼻ϵ
ʱЩɺΪܸ˳񣬶Ϊܸˣ
ʮٻʧܣֻ˵׽Ūʱٻ߼޵ļʸ͡
ûбޣΪֲʱܱǿ
Һǣ̫Сˣ֪²ܼǡ꣬ʮ꣬Ǹã
ϳʹ絶ʡ

ʮӺϳһƧɽ֣һʯͷϣԶաſߣһţʵ˲ҹά
ϳܻأÿ鲻õʱͻɢģΪΨһѣѵ涼û
ι𣿡ϳããɽҰ
ʱɽҰдһŮӵǳöƷ紵壺ڣôˣ
ûʲôġ
ѧˣʲôĵ龡˵ֺֺǣϲùĹˡ
ҽʮٻޣʧˣٻһûõı桭ϳſѰѽľһ顣
ٻ˱棿
λ֮󣬹Ц˼ûڿϳЩͬѧǿһ㡣
ǰϳίܵΧ󺰴У˵һЩԹ˵ĻΪΧûˣȴһŮӵĻӦŮӲֻǸһ̸䵹ദ
ϳѯŮӵ˭Էտڲ
ԺŮӳϳΨһĽѣŮ죬ʱʱ
ϳŮ˵Ļȸ༶ͬѧ˵ĻҪʮ
Ůӵ˭ʲôӣʲô֣ϳһŲ֪ʱŮ˸ڣƾģҪȥˡ
ùһҾó£ñСӵͶˣ㲻úú˵˭Ц㣬ȥ˭ŽˡŮӵ٩
˸ƨҪôҪѧˡϳƲƲ졣
ʲôҲǵߵϣѧѧÿԲǸˡŮ˵˷
ߣҾ޳ͷ֮ˣֻгΪǿߣҲ̧ͦͷĻص壬ĸžۡĪаѧ֮·㣬ʽҵ֮ǰǲ뿪ġϳȻսȭͷжԴޱִš
ôôΪǿߵϣʵ̫ãˣֵ࣬𣿡
ֵã
شĵǸɴ࣬ҵҪ㵽·߶ԶԸͷʱ򣬿ɱޱӡ
Ҳ̫Сˣˤˣֲǵһˤϳ΢΢һЦ
˴ŰСʱ֮ϳȻʣƷաŮû˵ʲôοĻȴǰο顣
̣ů֪ˣùȥҲϳſѻ˻֣ȥ
߰ɡ߰ɡȥʱǵСĵ㣬𱻳˸ˣղôһ˵Сӿ϶ưոݵġŮһ䡣
һСĵġϳֻ˻֡
ϳӱѣ̤Ϲ·ߵ·ʱϵһ̥Īʹ
ʹΪңǻջǣʹϳһ죬Щгÿӿ˿̥ûʲôǵʹ
֮ǰ˼ˣ̥ǲûˣʹŶԡ
ǣ̥ڷʹͬʱ¶нţһһġ
³


04 ת˽
ϳžʹȻĿϵ̥ǡ
̥׾УǺɫģ״ΪĹ죬ͺЦŵĹԼ峤̥ͨжϳǸɨǡ
ϳͺ͸̥ǣ̥ǰδʹǵһΡ
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Ծ֪ҵˣҴָͷϣҲܰתˡת˽ߴٵ
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ϳ˳ɽ·صĪаѧʱѾ׺ˡ˱ᣬĴ˴ѧûڶǮͬѧе֪һȺڶϽǵͤǮԼʣöңðҵķգǰǴͤ
·ϵת˽ûţһηãǵóɹ֤Լļֵ
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05 ˺ͨ
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06 ּ
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ֻͭӵһֻޣҪ滻ԭеıޣֻܽԼ
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07 
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ټХ֮ΧټЩǻհǵĺ̬ƣ̬ʹôһΡ
ŭХǵǿ˵Ĵ磬Ŷֱ仯ɷ籩ܽ˾ɣɷܽ˸ˡ̬ƣޣκ̬ʹáʹôһΡ
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ת˽Խ˵ԽкúƫҪᵱµļƣӵһֱ˵
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˴ϳӮõһĿøǿˣͺһһȼš

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ϳСǸùܵʤĥ³һ￪ʵļ̬́ͷ۱죬ղܵͳͳ׵Ժ
Ϊʵڲֵ
ת˽䵹ûôȻϳеƽֵģӦǾ仰С󣬳ǳ˶ࡣһСѧĵʦҲҰôףҪó쵶϶ڡղҶĳˡ
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뿪ĪаѧϳһεĸоΪڳ졣ҲûضĿ꣬˸·һͷããɽ֡ȴģǲ֪Σա


11 
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һߣһߴ㵶ǰǼǲס׵ھһŵĴ󱿵ת˽СˣȵϳϣҡͷԵ
У˵ɡļšϳҲս
ҽŵΪ絶ƷΪּǵݵʺڵѧϰ̫߼ĵѧᣬѧҲʩչΪ̫٣á
絶ֲϲ
絶һУֱɨҶơߡ
У̫˰ɣϳԹ
㶮ƨʽ󾫲ܹ࣬ϳʮһ仯㹻ѧһˡѧŵΪһе㿴ͷˣĻӦտӱת˽
ϣŵ˵ô
Ҫ˵ʽĿھˣá
ת˽佫һƪھ˵˳ھɬѶ秵ģҲ֪ʲô˼
ϳ֪似ھģû⣬ļƪھǧ֣ϳ߱ͼǵòˣʮ鱳ù졣
ƾм䣬ļ㲻ˣת˽䶼䡣

ϳ쵶ɵС֦һһСһһףڿյϰ
ÿһϳѧһ
ϳļߣӰյûѧˡ
絶ΪּʽΪ糤ˣյ缱ˣչᣬ̽ʽ֮乥жȣϷ̡֮
ѧһ֮˴ҹʱ䣬ϳѧ˸Ӷѡ
ҹˣϳڻԱߺ¶ԣ˸̺ӡҹΣվϳϣСĿܡ
Ұ¶ӪΣյĲѰҰޣһΪ
Ǭ½壬һ壬һ壡
˴˶ңԶĺʱһֱݣҲûͣ
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Զĺڰﴫ˵͵͵Ĺƺжƶ
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ͣߴϳϽɻİóιǳԵϳˣֱϹֳģǳԵá
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ĥѣһ죿
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絶ɨҶ
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еҰ裬ڰ·һ£̵ԴƿֵѪۡ
ϳ浶ߣƵҰ࣬ʩչ絶еĵڶоƣÿĵסҰѪ쮷ɣҰնƤ
һһչ񶷣ϽȻϳռϷ磬ͭҲߣܱһҰǿöࡣ
ϳһоʤ絶еĳ߸ǵľнһϣ
ѩĵն䣬ϵļ״磬γһεɶߣתҰͷһŤᣬͷתϸǱһѪ⡣
ɢ֮ʱҰȻ͡Ͷˡ
ϳյһվԱ߹սĶЦʵҸղǼˣô


12 빦
ˣֻͽûץס絶ľ衣絶֣Ҫⷽ㻹Զѧŵ۲Ȼеķ磬ʱΣͣʱΡЩֻ᲻ԴǵԼ򲻿ɡСӣɡָһĩ˲ϡ
ģҪռұˣҲŲָүүϳɲŶ̧һžͰС߷ˡ
ֹ֣
˺ϳնָ㣬ʼϸĹ۲Ȼеķ磬ĥνʹøһЩջһЩ֮ŵ
С
ϳϥڵϣ񣬹۲޴ڵķ硣
һ΢Ҷɳɳ죬Ȼ׳ɵҶڰ衣һγ¶Ҷϣ紵ǰΧľˮڲ·һ΢С硣
ƽǿȻü٣ľɪɪɳҶڵĳǧ¶ˮ鱻紵鿪ХķƹǺ̶ְԵ
紵
ֹ˲֪ãͣˣ¹ƽ·ʲôû
⣬رɫ
ͣ⣬
ϳ˫ųʣȻεʣʩչ絶תע֫ٺұ֮ϣתΪдͷųȥ

һɿϯԵΪ㣬ɢ·汻ɿƿͺøͷƵģࡣ磬ҶһʵʵĺΧľϣϸһľʱѿһľҲܵش
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ϳʩչһĿϲѣƻǰûеġѧ絶ѾԶ
˫ֱأվ֦ϣһпУͷаСԲѧ似ܿ죬Ѿץס絶ľ衣ǰ˴ûԸúָɳûһǱԺүֵ̣һҪ̳һһĸֲɡ
ϳ֪ŵС̣̺ٴιڵأ絶

ʱһȥϳĵʮ죬ڽ絶ѧˣ¶Ҳʲô覴ãﵽ˴ԲΡ
似빦ǳ֮˵ѧէʱţѧƤëСɣǴɣٽԲǴԲ
˴Բܽ似빦Чӵ
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СӣʲôҰѻ˵ꡣ˲ϳԴ˸ҽŹ⣬ǿԲϽģʱͭǳãѧܹ֮ȥñ̨ףһһߡʼּͭ𼶣Խ𼶣
ϳ˫۷Ź⣬ϻֹ
۽˰ɣŹɱĵǿǧ򱶣ѧһˡ
⹦ʲô֣
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ϳЩû緹

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ϼһԼûаѶѱ˵İѶˣĿﰡ
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ҵڶҶżȻãʵͻͽϧزһΧ֮£ûܽŹص֣Ź෽涼йء
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ҡҡͷ񶨵⣬ûõģҪڵǲΪľЧ죬Ǵ֮֮ܶáɣŤŤǾһ鶹ײˣƨߡ
θҩʴ˵֮͵ıߴôԽǸ߼۸Խǰ򶼲һ򵽡
ˡ
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ìɴ˶Ի⣬ҲûҪȥ⣬ΪѾ˫γһֵжԵĹϵ
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Ǿͺã֮ء
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ϳǰùˣɲٴΪù
ԶĪаѧçǳ飬ûҪһʱ
Ҳûǿȣٱûǿȣûжֽſɾ˵׼ˡ
û֣ȽĹڸϳϳļ£Աá
һſԽ湦ǿھͶ֣ͨĹɬöࡣ
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ڹУؿڱֻ֤ҪܵõһͼҲϳڶʱֱͻƵ
ϳϣⲻǴţ
ȵټӵڶͷޣʵȻԾ

ĵʮ졣
ϳٱϻһտɽȼ䣬űһʵСϪ
ϣϡ
ߵ·Ȼ˵İԼ˹ϳУע⡣


13 ʶ̧
̵ĵط˿ɲףԷ˳ߣͨǲġ
ȥϳѭԴͷ첽˹ȥ
ԽǰߣԽһ˶ԭﲻֹһˡ
ԶԶģͼӰСϪϣԴĪаѧѧѧʽһ
ĪаѧĴߣһͼٻٻĪаޣԴ˻γΪһĪаһĪаѧ֣ɴ˶ĪаѧĻռǡ
һԷĪаѧѧϳľ࣬ѧȻܴ䵽˺ĵز
Ȼߵˣܹܲ뿪ϳ󷽷˹ȥȺͬѧкԭҲĽҰɲס
СϪһ߸ˣ˹һۿϳе⡣
ϳߵǰ˵ĳֶ࣬ǱѧΪߺȻǱٮٮ֮һһΪĹӸ硣
ֻӵиּޣϳϷѩ֮⣬ʣˡڱʵܹȶǰ壬ֻϷѩǿһء
ҾףȻǳִģҲ̫ࡣǼ̼ң汲ھ̣žͷ׬˴ļҵҵ൱ʵ񣬹Ӷ߻Ժ֣Ǯڳƽ˵·νͨ졣
ĪаѧкܶѧհΪľǴλӸָͷ׬һ㻨Ǯ
¾װٱϻü京Żɵư֮ɫ
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֪ôĶûһֵָߵߣûǶôЩĸǿô˾һˣɼ˵жôΣաһк𡣱ͬѧһ䣬ϽĻҺθɣ
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ͼͬޣɱ飬ǺģϻĽҪսľ˱ᡣ
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ԶԶģͼѸݽýӰɽϳ˳ٶȱԱ죬ȺӸǴ˵е塣
һġоŸ֮࣡
֮ǰ˻ɱ˼壬ʣոպǾŸǰֵǺϣͬһ塣
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һ·񱼣ֱСϪ
ϳǡüԼм䣬Ļ·϶
һɲǣ˶ͬͷϳҪ군ˣ


14 Ц
ߣã˭ʶ̧٣ƫߡͻȻðô壬϶ŵƨܹúÿ̬ٳĵСЦһ
༸˸ͣҲϳӹܵˣܲС
߸˶δȺĶ֣οϳһˡ
ǽ飬ƲĲһ
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ܣֽŲã̳֮𣬾ϳԽԽȻϳʼΡȻԵõʮ㡣
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ס֣Щ
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15 һ
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һɱģЩսƷȻУƾʲôĪλӸʲô⣿
ϳתۿԶġ
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ϳЩɫø֮ǰԷ˵һЩĻҲͰˣ̣û뵽ԷűԽԽˣȻսƷ
ǿ벻̣
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ƾ֮ǰȺսɱ˺ü壬ˡ֮ǰսһʵܼ©Щ嶼ɱˡûǣɱЩ壬ᱻɱ㲻ҪǾսƷø˵һллǽжˣ٩٩̸
һӾŸֵܴﵽǧңﻹбĺöֵҪߡ
֮ߵļֵǸӸҲᶯģǮǼ£ƽʱ㻨Ǯ޵ģܵúϡ
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Сӵĵÿ죬ȻҵıˮһæУȻʹеıˮýסϳеĵԴǯϳж
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Сӣһ˶ԸЩСеүһ֮սˣת˽䶫
νսˣҲս֮ˣһ
սܹһ̶Ӱһսսսǿˣսиȡʤս˲ˣʧܡ
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ΧȻ˴磬ԽԽǿΧľɳɳ죬õɳʯ
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зɳնڶȺ֮Уҽ𣬰ڵ˶ˣʱѪɽ


16 
ϳʤ׷һݣ˳һǰгն䣬˵Դһ
ۣ
ͷѪ
ϳ֮ǰ˵ĻɲŻˣĶɱģ
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˼ͬһǺȻɫ
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˵ģ˭ҶЩҾɱԼɹֲңϳɭȻǱ顣
ϳ˵ԭܼ򵥣˸֡жг𱨳
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ޣٱ
ЩͱˣҪ۸ϳϳҲֻ۸ȥˡ
ϳǿٳȺ֮У󵶳һն˹ȥԷʹõıҲǵֻʼ𵶽и񵲣ܵסײ쵶ͺжһһжˣ˳Ƹ˳ֵ֮˵ĺ
һɥ
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ϳץסᣬһͻķŴĶϡ
ۡ
·Ѫ⣬ǰ׵ӱ˺쵶ӡ
ı˲佩ס˫͹ŵĿŲԼϵĵһѪһǰδеľʹӶϴ
еıˮҪýϳһ̧֣ͱϳסˣҲ޷
ϳ䣬еĵǰͣĸˣһšõĶ˸ת
㲻ɱңҿҵүҵᣬеǴ֣ҪǸɱңҵŹġ
Ļ˵һ˵ȥˣԽԽͣһԴ
ॡ
ˮأһ⣬գع硣޹죬֤
ϵİٱϻҲðһ⣬գһͷޡߣͬʱӵޣֻһȼͣˮ߲ܶ࣬ƽʱá
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ǸҹӣϹȻǮиٱϻ仹и֮ǰŰϳսƷߣ͵ʴףԼﶼˡ
ϳİٱϻˣ䣬ŷͷȥѹЩʬ塣ץסڰյһͨĴĴȻҲҪߡ
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·ϣϳǻϵһ𣬷Ǳ޵Ӳûаӵ£⣬Ҳ˲ôˡ
ϳǿ񱼣½һЩͨҰǣЩҰǽǵ׷׸Աߡ
ͷͷʮͷȺĹģԽԽ

ʮӺ

һŲ·ıţٶȿһһߴŴĸƨ֮һոΧϳܹУԺʱֳϳɱ˵ģĿ־岻ѡ
ϳ׷ϣһ
ղһˣܵʱ򶼲ͬѾɢˣǹ·֪ġ
ţȻǰмӰŵû⣬æͣ
ԶԶģͼƥҰǶǰ棬죬ԵҰʮ㡣
⼸ƥѵǽйģ²⣬һйر޵鼮֪ǵֿұ죬ֻû뵽һ鵽ǵĿ֮
ǰļƥҰųвԵĲΧֳ˸Ұǣȥʮƥ
꿴ΧȺӶˣ֪³ͲȥΧϳ
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Ƭ̺Ⱥǵļ֮£ҧĿȫǡ˵ƹ£ټʵãȺǵĶ֡

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һꡣ
Ҳ֮һҲȿ񱼡
ܵ·ǰȻһӰȻ᳤ϳ
꾪һŵɫҰף˫ȷ
ϳһ·׷ٶȱȶ죬ǰ˸šۿŶ꣬ˣԶɡɽˮ羰ʺϵĹ֮ء
ϡϳˣԭҰɣղŵ鶼ͷףֻһʱͿѣﲻ
ղսܣңǻӦ𣿡
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ϳһ˫ĿȻһݣŶ깥˹ȥ¿Ӱϳʩչ絶ſĵն
긺翹еıֵޱȵ쵶һնϣҲ˱䵶£
ϳ˲δ׷ɱʣĵˡ

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ӵ˻صĪаѧ֮һѽ췢ͳͳ˵ȥ
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ļ˲ŲǷǶԴֻҪ
Īаѧĸ棬ǲõģΪĪаѧĸҪѧ֮ڣһѧ棬ͲܸԼˡϳɱͬѧֻҪһҧԼǱȷͲ⵽𷣡
ΨһҪĵģֻ˷档
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˺ɫСˣϳͷϣʹ£ȰˣСܾܰɡȥҲ˷ʱ䣬ʱϡһʲôûʲôö


17 ջ
ðɡˣ˵ģҲǰҡϳ˶Ļϥ˵ϣóûü򿪵
һ¾ɣǴϽɻģһޣԭġ
ߵĴһЩֵǵĶ൱Яı⡣
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ϳڴס˳¾ɵĴ˫ۣɢȥע뵽˴С
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Ҫһеĸʩչ似ǻٻõϡ
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ǩԼҪԱҲҪһЩﻹҪ
ĳЩǿߣˣ
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ԣǵͼι˾ιˣòֶۡõ棬ǿʯͷ

ⷽ棬ϳ뷨ȫһ¡
Ƭ̣Ǳѷʯ˸ɾϳˮʯʳԲղô󣬹ƸԲйأǿĳˮʯսһЩ
һؼǴջʣµûʲôֵһˡ
ϳעתƵĴϣʮӣȻ˿
װŵĶҪһЩͷų󣬶ѻһСɽо󲿷·ס˱Ķ
ϳ·һԱߡԱ߿ţһ֮ɫ
ŷţ·ﾹȻ˼Ů˵˿ǶҲ֪˵ģ;
ԭСӻڣϳǶΣֶ
ûõ·ҵõĶ
һصĶӳϳԼ
ⶫķ̣ǽģͼһһ͸ΧǶõİۡ
ͼ˫۷Ź⣬һӱСӣ̵ˣǺöȸղˣ˵ҲҪǧң
Ҳϳˣͼ١ϳ۾Ҳˡ
νͼһٻõıй̶ʽٻ
ٻ޵ʱҪֻٻͼͲô鷳ˣֱͼٻޣʡʱ
ͼʮֱΨһȱ;ò㣬ʹõĴˣͻõĻһͼʮΣùĻҲüξͱˡ
ͼԱߣ˫֣һ۵ͼȼߣʺڵʹáͻƵٻڶͷ޵ʱ򣬾ͼٻɡʡ¶ˡ
ֵǧңû˹۵ģҪҪȥˣϳ
ǸСǧƨҼһ֮Ĺ⣬ҶѳɽˣâһգĿޱȡǧҸҲᷢƣþãۡͼҪֻƵٻΪȶٻ߼޵ļҲһ㣬кôġ
ޣͻ˵Ҳ֪׹㲻ԲȻںǮҿǴӿﰾģǮĵλҪءǧңǮ˵Ǿˡ
ǮǾţһëںʵǿˣ׬Ǯ͸һɣ־׬ǧҡ
ڲûǿôϳ㬵
Ժ᲻ͼǰ϶òϡϳͼŵһߣõĶ½ҵͨؼԼһǧöҡ
ǮȻôҡ
ж֮УľҪͼˡ
ϳָͷ㣬еջһֵܼһҡһַΣ
ǵһջôƸ
Թԣο׬ˡϳճһЦ
ˣˣѶʰʰȻǸȡץʱɡ֮أЩ֮ﶼǴҪġߴٵ
ϳԶУʰһ£Ȼȡöɫ
һɢ⣬̺ų
ߵȻͬǿ
֮ڣڵ֮ڣɵԽǿ󣬻õȻԽǿ
һɱɲһһô򵥣ʵķԾ
Сӣʼɣҵһ̺ܾˣ˳


18 ͻ
ϳһҲܾˣѧ꣬һֱͻƵǰȱԴʼȥ
ںˣѧ켶ͻƵϣ
챣ӣףҳɹϳ
˵ٱˣò챣ӣұˡ
ϳûǿʼʽ
ȡſ죬һȥ븹С
ȻǳȥˣҪתƵ֮ڣѴ
ϳϥأ˫ֵĳ죬ϡ
ȴ˷ı仯
Ѫ緭Ѫмߣƽʱٿ½ڽѨѨԼѨܵѪɵĹĶţͺܵĴġ
֮ڵ춯󣬴˴Ѫ֮ڣһּΪ״̬΢΢Сǿգޱߣ
ڵڣ̫֮Ƽתɢ貹ԡתУγһǿ͸Ѫ⣬֮ϡ
ܵǣ͸Ѫ⣬̺ʹ
ϳüͷϽ亹
ﲻæֻԱ߿ţϳԵġǺΣյģɹʲǰٷְ٣ʧܵĻˣɥ
ΣգҪŹΪǶ֪ĹֻŹܰϳѸʵ
СӣһҪɹְܳʧ󣬷Σˡܰɺܶ黹ҪԼа
Ҳûţø𻤷֤˵İȫԱѲ߷ڡΧȦʱŤͷȥϳɵԻĿ⡣޶ǺܴģٱͨҰ޴öࡣ
ʱ仺š
Ǻɫ͸ϳѪ⣬һ뼷˵һ档
ϳĪĿͷʹȥ
ʹȴܴ󺰴УΪһͻᵼڵɢһ񡣸Ҫһͻٲ
ѪڹҪģݰڰ·ȥǾˡ
ϳҧʹȫעת뵤
ֹȥ֪ãڽ˵
һɹ
һҪȵһЩֻҪȹڵ֮ڼɡ
ϳ߶סʹΪԼĶ
ڳǴ֮ʵκһ߶֮ܳеûܽΪһ塣
Ψ⹦ܰ쵽飡
ͨķʽٶҪתΪ
صɷʽͲͬˣַʽֱӽԭⲻĴ洢ͨշʽȻͬõҲһ
ͨķʽõôõʮô
ϳתϢڽˣԼӡӽԺڳפջ˸߼Ż滻
ǵ
һҪڵЩΪϳʹ̬
ϳ춯ɢ⣬һɲͬը
ʱ䣬ȵʹϳǰӭͻơڵĺʱ͵㣬ʱ㣬˷žŰʮһΣԭ翵ڱΪ̬ʵ塣
Ϊлһ˿һ㣬ڵ趯
ɹˣ
ϳпϲѣ
ͻƵ֮·ϿԽһ󲽡
̫ͭʼӡ̬Ҫ֮ǰǿö࣬һ
֮ǰϳսҪű֮ߣֲⷽơ
ǿʵܰʵֳĿ꣬ոžۡ
ϳĸݣж־ƾİһ㣬ȭҾֽһտõ֮󣬾ͻؼǣһ첻̫Զˣ
ϳ˫ۣվ߶̬ͨעȭͷǰȻ
飡
һ죬͵ϳȭͷըγۿɼ
ƾһȭԻϻͷǣ
ߵ
ǿ
ϳ˫۷Ź⣬Լǰǿһء
ɹˣ˵ϴ֪˰ɡҪŹ㲻֪ʲôʱͻƵ
ȷʵҴæϳЦ
ƷɵֱӹϵɵģʹŹƷԺɸƷԽǿԽǿԽǿԽǿ
ΪԺҵöȥɱС
屾Ͷֻٲ˵ġ

ϳͷǿ϶ġ
ϳץ쵶һ׵Լŵ࣬նĵˣԼΧӡ
ڵʵٸ˴һͲôˣе˶Ϊ꣬һҲܲ
ڵӵеڶˣȴҾٻµı޳
ϳһ뵽ٻޣͷûȡ
߶ԣٻ޾Ϊĵ飬ٻıӣֱӰ쵽ߵʵߵ͡
һͷޣ൱ڶһһѡԡ
Щ˫˫ǱģЩڴڰҪı޾͸ˡ
֮ǰɻͼôó
ϳ˶Ľ飬ſֽȥʹͼȥ
ͼڵϣȡһöңһǶͼϵȱϡͼ̺֮⣬յԽ࣬â𽥱ʢ
ٻһԽԽ࣬ͭٻֻʮңٻ屶Ҫһң
ϳͷϵֽҲһǧ㣬ֻٻʮһҡ
ʮһζٻıޣǵɡ
жæӴٻ߼޵ļʡ
챣ӣֻܿˡϳŲԶվŵСЦЦ
û⣬үϣܽٻϡбޣʵһءظ֤漴һڹ⣬ע뵽˽ָУ˹ģĸ񣬰æ
ϳңͼչ㹻ְͼϵһհԲȦϣٻЧ
ٻͼâʢ죬ͨңԶ硣
ϳ٣ڴĿŶͼâԼ˫ۡеע֮£âֳһֻзӰ
̬죬кܺüֱ޶з͵ġ
⿴ϳ޷жϳ²ʲô


19 ͼٻ
â𽥵ȥֻзչ¶ݣ׶ͨз֪˶ٱͨɫһ˫С۾ԲģͿϺϣ³һЩСݣһ˫зǯһź⡣
ϳ˳ѿڵ޵ǯз
ǵǯзһģȽϳʺϻδеıת˽ϵĹԡ
кü˶õǯзо
ƨһȣϽߣٻһԡܰתˣҲܱ֤ÿһζٻõıޣöԼβС
ãһΡ
ϳûй֮ǰٻʧܹŴΣʧܵζһκôٻɹˣֻٻıͨ˵㡣
ȡٻεǯзع磬ȡ޹ķϱңµҡ
ͼͺ̰ʳͣҵһð˹⡣
Ӱڹâ֮С
ϴٻӰֻһȴðӰ
ϳһ˫۵ɵϴ
Ǻ˫ٻ
ٻһ飬пָܷ£ٻֻðһͷޣżҲͬʱðͷޣ˫ٻ
һݵңȴٻͷޣһǳ˵飬ʿ൱͵ģһҲһΡ
ٻ񫣬һðϳЦ
ɶүҵĹ͡
ǣĹ͡
ǻүү

˵䣬Ĺâͷͬʱ¶Ρ
ߵıĸߴޱȣ׶ߣһͷɫֻݸͨͬһ
ұߵı״ģϸڵϣŤţͺһžһߣֳɫĹ
һǾϳһּ󣡡
ϳȻһٻ˸ּޣ
ϴͭٻٻģͼٻģ֮£εٻʽ߼һЩٻּ޵ļʻǺܵ͵ģײ˵顣
ʶ㣬Ǻ򶨣ͷսǻҪһЩû츳ܣҲʺϻδһͶֻ˵һ㡣
⻹һ㣿˰ɣǸּޣЩͬѧٻͶҪˡϳԷʵϲñˣѾеˡͬʱӵּޣͼ
һ⻰֪ǸУ޿ɲǵȼԽ߾ԽãͼıޣĳЩȸ߼ı޸áԱͷ޾Ǹ͵ӣ㿴ʲô
Աߵģ
ϳƫͷڵϵɫ
Ȼһ֣ɲȫޣҲл棬ٲֱֲ̬ģΪ档
ϳͷ״޼ۣͨαϳࡣ
һΪٵıޣ˵ǳͣڻαӻ߷ߣеٮٮߡ
ٰɣϵãǰһȫ¼ϼһΣеӡ󡣡ϳ
û٣޷Χڣ൱һ֣ٻļʼ͡ҿҪԱǸʺ㡣
Լã
Ǿ仰޵ȼĸߵͲһУֻǸοˡһЩıޣȼߣȴųԽ߼޵ļֵپ֮һ
ô𣿡
ϳоǷѽ⣬пĽֻǼ飬ȼʮֵĽܣһͼ֪ٵ֮
Сˣӽָ˳ڵϣ͵ٵԺܴ󣬾쵶ȥնҲ޷նϣַҪĸּޣļֵڡ쵶滹ԣǷ沢У˵ٸʺ㡣㽵٣γΪһдϣȻǿǹ롣
ԭˣһСϳȻ
ûʵǸͲˣʺϻαڲȱοʺϻεıʺ㣬һҲòá
е
ϳͷͬ
ּܸˣɻǸٶãʵõĲõġ
ϧܶѡһѡһܹþˡֻиǿ߲ͬʱӵıޣڵ϶С
ˣָָ٣Сӱˣٻʱ޵ģٲ٣Ҫعˡ
ϳعԥ첽ߵǰְ֮ϣʼ޽Լ
޵Լᴢڵ֮ڣ޽ԼҪӦĳֻܳԼ
ϳע뵽֮ڣԷϵһ
Լ޽ɹ˷ͼϳ֮ڣڴˡ
ϳ˵ڶޣ
֮ûãԱߵʧˣصļ硣ϳͬѧ֪һּ޷Ż磬ǵþ򲻿ɣδҲ̫ˡ
ҲףΪλֵͼޱȸ߼޸޲ǵȼԽԽ𣿡ϳ
ԭʵܼ򵥣һ˵ˡ磬Ǹ绮Ϊܶ򣬷ֱͭȵȡͭľͭޣľޡ߼һЩĽıһЩͼһЩĽı޻һЩָʵϵĲ𣬵һȺܻһ߸ӣڵͼĽҲһЩǿĴڡ͵
ԭ绹Ϊܶ཮һΪһء
ĪаѧѧĶǺ֪ܳʶû漰̫飬ΪǶ̫ңԶˣ̸ҲûáԺлᣬһģĶһЩ׼û
Ըѧ
ѾٵˣԼģоһ°ɡ
ϳ۾һӿԺٵ츳
ƣסˣ˻ݡ̬ƣ״̬ʹôһΡ
ϳ츳ܣû׼ʲôʱпϡ
ԿóһźܼʵõĽܣͬʱЧѵ˲ס˵Ļͻܵƣµӵĺûᣡ
ϼһҪˣ̽Ұɡϳ
ֵүӳʱˣڵϻʽèˡһ֦ڵϻģ
ϳɸ̾һϣһ
ת˽ϳİʵ̫ˣתˣ̻ණʮĵùӻĺôǻġ
ϳݶĽ̵вٿأ壬˵£γһؼס
еķȻɹۣҲҪԵ⣬ȫеĻȻܵӰ죬Իǻһļиá
ٻεؼΧסµĲ֣һֱ쵽ĿڴҪλжӺ˫紦ǿյģ˫ۿչؼٲƶɣȥ֯ģʽֱӣ޶ĻװΡ
ϳ쵶ټף˿ȥݣ֮ǰˡ
ͻƵΪ̬˵ڶͷ٣˹ؼ汸֮տˣһҪһҪ
ϳٵ־
ҪһȻٹص壬֪Ǵģ


20 

տֻʣʱ䡣
ԭƽĪаѧһЩգЩҵıѧȫӽտǰʵ
ĪаѧѧܹõϿɣѧտõ˺óɼ൱һשԺ󲻹Ǽѧǵĵطְƽ·
ĪаѧտжÿףͻΪϵţ
ʵСС֮⣬ĪаѧΪǰ׼˷Ľ⽱൱ˡѧ֮԰ĪаѧΪľǶЩ
˭տ˶ڣ˭˫ա
ΪΪ
˭ϲ֣
ǹŴʥҲӲ֣οͨˡ
Īаѧſڴ
ġԶȻнŲע⣬ѭȥͼһ糾͵ʯ׻
ʽ򵥵ľװ˫Ŀ磬ʮ㣬Ŵٱϻ
Ǳϳ
СɱȻһ
оȡ
ǰЩʱգһѧصĪаѧøϳһ״˵һҰ⵽ϳϮԼ⼸˱ɱԽ˻ϳϮǵԭӻѧϳ⡣
˵ЩʱλҴ߿޵һѱһᣬ滨껹Ҫ滨ꡣ
Ҳ˵ɱͬѧΥ壬ҲĪаѧĸ棬ļ˾;Բϳ
ǮͨôǮһߣȡϳ
Ͼ£ӦԶ߸߷𣿾Ȼһֱ죡
ϳȵע֮£һ·߽ѧš
æ±ϼϢܿ촫ĪаѧĪĺ䶯ѧȥ䳡ϵϳЩ˴ӽѧ¥ӿ˳
ܵ˹עϳһĵԤϵлȻ塣
Ⱥ֮У͸˼Ѫһָϳȵɱ˷һʦˣһ֮ԷڴЧȣĪаѧ㣬ԺҵҲŹģú
ϳɨһ³ûᣬûʱʰС
Ƭ̺󣬸˳ˡ
üͷɫأһ·ϳǰֵϳһˣлҪ㡣
ǣϳ
潫ϳĪаѧϳĶˡλˣϳĴмÿμ춼ֹܹġ
ϳ˴¥һ·㣬һ䡣
⼸ڴ˵Ⱥһǵϳֵӹһٵ꣬нȼλʦҲڳ
ӳΪһһϳһۣϳ۵׿Ǳصı⣬ŵæջĿ⡣
ϲϳɨǣһ
ϳվΡȻ
ϳɱͬŵ֣Ϊ㣬㻹ͷϴж˵ŭȣһ嵽ϳǰ̧֣ŭȥ
ϳֿܳ˫ĿΪ֮һݣֱ۸񵲡

꺷Ȼϳֱϣȴδܺϳֻ΢΢˻ζѣ
ܽһֻһģδʹȫҲǧ֮ܵµġ
СӾȻ˿δĿһ䣬ĵײ졣
ΧҲú⡣
ϳȻɻһʦĴٶȣ൱Ĳ
ʦĵ׶ͬͷСӲ򵥰
Ϊʦһѧʰˣ̫ˣһ죬ĵע뵽ֱ۵У׼ٴν
ڹϣһӰԽٶƶߣһǯס˽ֹһĶԼΪķʽ궯ѹȥ
ʦס֣黹ûвϳǲɱֻǸδ֪㲻Զ֡Ҷû¹㼱ʲôǳǯס
֪ҵϳ굼ʦͿʲôˡɱ˶ᱦ֮һȷ£㲻öһǣ͸úݺʰ꼱
ϳҴѧģƷΪˣұ
ǡ
ûʲôǡԭλٵϳͱˣ
ȥٶˣջ֣˻ԭλ
ղ֣϶᲻׵ϳϳ
ϳһ۽꣬λʦʵʲôøУнղŷõˣסˣҲס
תϳϳνΪ̸һǼͬѧ顣һ˵ҰϮˣɱˣǷд£
ϳڣǱߵĿһȱµɱˣʱ߸ҰɱһȺ壬ջҲˡϳ·֣ϣͻȻϮǣɱӣɱˡ⧲ټ϶ˣĶ֡ۼͬ鶼ˣŲֻߣһϳɱͬѧʲ壬ʵ
һ͵һ͸Ƶģֻ˵ݲʵȫڵߵڰס
ϳɱ˲٣龭ȴӣͼƺ¡
һ˵ֻΪվڵµƸߵϣڸǵЩ˵ĳУϳ˵һʮ֮ͽ
ϳⷬʱŭģ˫üǳƨԼ𣬵ȶ֣ڱ֮£ŶַɱˡʱҲɱ֣ѱʬҰ
˺úõģôƽ޹ʶ㶯֣幫ӵĲƸ⣬ԲϮǡһԷһҧϳȶ֡
ϳеߵöˣŲɱ٣оǵߵڰףƱǷǡ
ޣϳǸͼƺˣߵڰ׵㣡
һһڣࡣ
ˣ
ȻϺһ˵ſһǳϳû㣬侲һ£ʵʱٿڡ
ǡһæӦǣˡ
ٶתϳԸϳľ˵һ飬κ
ϳͷµȥ˵һ飬Լ˳Ķ¶˵ˡ
飬ϣЩĪеĶֻǰ˵Ķˣǵˡ
˫ִһʣڹȫһ
ʱûеڳ޷ж
˶죬ȴλĲþ
˫˵ͬҲ֪྿ΣҲ¶ԣԩĳһĪаѧǽѧ֮ڣѧһ棬ûԼˡѧչֻѧǹٸûȥЩ飬ҲȥҲϣ˫ҪټҪ͵ȥҾ֣ѧڣ˭Ҳ⣬ҵҲĪаѧ
٩٩̸˵Լľ
žҶ˵ˡ
һֱĪаѧ᳹ɣѧַ춼ûϵѧھ͵üβˡ
һɫ粻ĸ㷲ĪаѧϳϧûܳɹһͺѸˣȥҲûãֻӣǵøá
ߣϳɱ㣬˻ɱġϢʹˣǼҾưոݡıӵֹӶɱк³һи̣͵Աߵϳһۣ͸ɭ⡣
鿪顣
һ֣Ը˳ȥΨϳһˡ
һһСӭ챳˫֣΢΢ͷϳд֮⡣
ϳò˼ˣЦһҰ
ϳһ²ǰͬˣڵʻڵ˷츲صı仯֮ǰһ˵ɱˣһ̫ţڿ㣬ҳˡѾǰϳȫʵɱǡ
Ҷ췢ģղ˵ÿһ仰ģȷʵȶ֣ƭ˭Ҳƭ㣬Ϊжң
Ʒһεģ˳ȣ㻹ں󡣿ΪұΪ˽㣬ȥʹһ
ûϵֻҪҾͺá
ɱ·ͬСɣĪаѧһֻ۱һֻۣļ˲׷Ź㡣ɢĪаѧΧİڴϢļѾ˼ʮ㣬һȷϢǾͻ֣
ǵĶǹ졣ϳ˫΢УоĪѹ
ô죿׼ν£
ˮڡ
˵ף촵ӵ۾ǳţ»̫ɣɱڶ࣬Ҳ֡ڵϢֻڶѣܵеùЩǣ
ǵвҪҳ⣿ϳԵ


21 
쵥ϳ̸˵˸ղЩøĻȻкģͲ˵Щˡ
ϳһۣеֵ˼һѹѹĻ˵ȥ飬һ棬ⲢûãұϴӦ˷Ź㣬ﻹǻ㶯֡ɱޣܻġҪֻһ·
ʲô·ϳ׷ʡ
ٹտˣʱи˹ۿֻǴ֣ҲѧѡȡһЩļ£տո¶ͷǣͻõʶһ˱ȽϴҲ˿ɽȻû취ˡó
⣡
ĵȻǺ⡣üͷչ΢΢һЦ
ȷʵһ·
뿿Īаѧϼɹ˽ǲܵģֻֻңһ㣬΢ܿ⡣
ʵϳֻҪһʱıܷۣʵȥҲͲ˱ˡ
ˮڣ˵ףҪ㹻ʵ
˼䣬ϳ뿪
ϳߵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼһͣ˽ŲתЦ֮ǰڣʵϲ´ˣʵѾ۷壬ֻûаϢȫſѡ
˵ϳתеɢϢʱǣĵ棬Ѫӯޡ
۷壡
ÿһ󾳽ϸΪڡڡڡ۷ĸС磬󾳽֮ĲȻܴС֮ĲͬС
׿似Ӱ죬һ۷ɻһڣˡ
ֻвʮ۷壬ϳҲС
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Ψһȱ̫ҪעңЩֻѧԼѧǲǮġ
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ϷѩǱĵһţҲǱĵһŮɫϼѣѧ׷ڶ࣬˸ࡣκͶףЩֻܸ۲˭Ҳ޷ժ京ŵʻ
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˶һۣȴԡ
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ϳûϷѩǾֱһ䡣
һа˸ɹͬʱʱֻϳϷѩˣΧ㹻á
ϳȡʮöңǶЧʮöһСʱ
ϳϵȻǿͺһСɽѹϡ
أóˣϳԾ
ЧǿԵģΪʮΪһٱ
ϳСţǽʮȻ𽥼ء
ʮʮ屶ʮʮ
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УҲԽңһεտ˶ҺҪڱصã
ŮľȻҧҧ촽·һ㣬һȣʮ屶


22 
ʮ屶ʮ࣬ʵȴ֮
һ˵ܵＫޣһĸпܰѹ壬οǳɱ
ϵʮ屶ϷѩٸгϸΣԭͷǳձøӲ԰ˣĺˮճ㷢ϡ

Ϸѩһҧݣ֧ţѹեԼļޣ
ϳע⵽Ϸѩߵı仯֮һЦŮ˳Ϊĳڲӵ
Ҫұȥƫ⣬Ҳ˭ֵܼ󣡡
ϳʢһϸµģҲԼµʮ屶
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ڵ˰н˭ҲϷ䡣
Ƭ̺ϷѩȻٶߵʮ
ʵǸľΪѾĳܼޣ
ּ״ֻֽ̬ҪôͻƼޣøǿҪôѻ壬һ겻
ֽһһźǣϷѩûܰȥ
岻ظҲ޷ֲȻֹͣһڣȥ
ˣϵȴûм٣Ȼǰֲ˺塣
£ǵﲻɣ
ҵǣﻹһˡ
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Ӳ濴ϳΪ˧ÿ
Ϸѩʶ𽥸գѹͻȻоؿЩϸһͼߵϳڵأ˫ְؿ֮ϣ
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ԡԲ𡣡Ϸѩ
˵ʵţŸոջָҲ֣һȶֹͣÿϳ

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24 ڶ
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ȥûãֵϷѩϳīζɵʮһʮӦϡ
ϷѩҲһѡ
ɵһں󣬽ſʼ˵ڶڡ
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ͬѧΪһ飬ѧҪʦ֣ŹʮоءʦȫʵӦսǻὫʵѹƵҡ
֮԰ֻڣΪǽʡʱ䣬ȥߴݼ޳ʵһѧѧڡ
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λͷ㣬Щ˿ٵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ּΪּΪʵõıޣЩﶼһ
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ʩչΨһ츳ƣ˳Žƶȥܿס˽ȫͺһ
Ҳ˲ʹȫȥԿ٣ĵըȻ
䣡
һ죬·ĵשȻѣٱóһЩˣûʲô󰭣Ƶøˡ

걻յúѣۣˤ˵ϡŬ˼Σɶʧܸգһٲסֽ
ϳۿŰӵĽ꣬ᵶ˹ȥ
¶һǣýԴ¶˳
ϳһָõָסǱɫ
ʦˡ


25 ʶ֮ս
ʵǿ
һֱŤתǬϳΧס˽ꡣ
˽ʮвϳٻ˽꣬˾˵սʮڻܵʦɱڵʦֵ³Źʮˡ
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۽꣬һ֮ɫ˶ѼҡտˣûгֹһʦȻ̨ѧ
ֽһΪ̫ͻȻٴ˽һֲΪܵһЩƣԭ򣬵ڳԺûĪаѧ˶Ǹ⡣
ˡ
衣
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ҲŲ˭֪Ҫɱҡ
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쵱ý˳ϢĻĵʦ档˵Ĳӣȥ
ڶڼУѧ½̨֮жʮѧӱ
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ʱһ˹ĿİͰ͵Σ


26 
һǸͣ˵ڳԣʴǳĬԡ
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Ǻǡ
ЦʲôЦбˮҹԹվ𶯣һЩǷ顣
Ĵȡһƿˮ첽˲Ƶ̨
ϳϺһȥˮҲԣжҪ󣡡
ʲôҪ󣿡ü
㻳壬Ҷһ裬ˮǶõģǶõġ壬ȻɱңҺԹԣˣ±ˮҪ㵱˵棬һ·Īаѧסǹȥ
㾹ҸҪ󣡡
㲻һҧôȻˣֺαغҪ󣿡
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ϳ̬ǿӲͷڳ˸ƴļƣԷǿһԭƽϢһ궯һȻϳڶ
һϳϵԭҡڲ뷨Ȼᶨ壬Ũ
һϳ壬ƾЩҲܵˮӰˣ
ãҾʹӦҪ㲻壬Ҿ͹Īаѧ
굱˵棬Ӧ


27 ȥ
ǴӦһº󷴻ô죿Ҫ㵱ڷ¶ģϳµҪ
һԾŶȻ˵˾Ͳᷴڡŭ
ϳ壬㵱ԲлٲϳԼ¶ģȻƵŽ꣬ˣ
ϳһ¶ģԴȽ꣬ɫòһҧãҽҲģϳ壬Ҿ͹ĪаѧҷڵĻͽ֮أ

ҷڣͽҵĺеıΪūŮĴΪ潣⹻˰ɣ
⻹ࡣ
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Щȷϳ֮ȫ֮ģһ֦Ҫϳɽ
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˵֣꣬˷ӴȡλռǵС죬ݸϳˣΪµĵ·


28 
ϳӹС죬˿һצ
ĻԺھֵˡ
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ǧﵥﻤڣһ·նħѡ߽ܸ񣬲ɼɱԵȵȣ̼ζ
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ϳ촽ϷѩԲĶϣ³һһ֣ܣ
ܣ
һѾ˶Ըİ취ӻѣܵĺǣȻͲü޸λԾɫĸӵˡ
ǸĸģԼģαرڲЩ飬ǿԼȡġ㲻ʲôı䲻ˣˣϳֵϷѩ磬漴뿪
Ϸѩվԭأζϳղ˵ĻΪ֮˸۰׵ȭͷս
ϣ岻ҪҡϷѩҧҧ촽૵
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үӣæ£˼æ似ɡϳת˽н
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ðײãòã˵
ԣëΪ
ⷽ棬һһСǳһ¡
Ҵĺ룬һΪĸ򣬷ֱͭ򡢸ּԼ򡣲ͬŲͬȼؼΨȽ⣬ŵһЩӰ˵飬ŪƷ飬һЩ顣
ڶʱѬ£ϳ۹ǰ߶ˣȻµؼֱǰ˸ּзҡ
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Ȿأ

Ȿܲ˰ɣ
е
ҲⱾǲȭҵĺȲضãôˣ㲻˵ȺܲôȻͬˮ׼似ӦҲŶԡ
ߴߣѧ似Ӧһαһκãԭشתѧһźˮ׼似ʵ̫Ψѧõ似ô򵥵ĵҪү̣ܻĽ͡
˵Ҳǡϳûж졣
ˣ҆£似ȥõģȻġ

ϳٶ˵רѰҡ½½һЩ似ǶûзӦûӦ֤ûۡ
ֱϳѸּ˸飬Ҳû
Ϸѩһѡǵؼջķᡣ
㶼ûϣԼ۹ѡˣֶܲܿ顣ϳε
𼱣ȥתתĪаѧСط˼ʶǳпûһЩ飬ȥû׼ܼ©
ãȥ
Сӣڣȱľ
ϳеĸּؼֱǰ
Ϸѩһ˺Ƿѽ⣬ôּؼѵһһûѡУȥ飬ҵĿҲ̫˰ɣ
ϳ򣬿ʼ飬½ݬ룬ҵһ鼮ʵ
еϣеɴѽ˴
ϳﵹ£ûҵʲôǵġ
ɾʱһֱܰĶȻ
СӣԵˣǱ


29 Ա
νļУֻϳԺ𣬱˿ġ
һ˼ϳҲżöָ˷飬Բһ㡣
ı飿
Ǳдĵ飬㿴ı飬Ͱı
ϳԶУܿ﷭һ顣
Ȿ鿴ȥЩͷˣҳѾƾߣдŵĶϳ֡
ǲԭ֣ǰһȥĲԭ꣬ҸѧǱߵ֣ϵð˾Ųʮ͵ⱾӦǲԭдԪ֣Ӻܹϣǹʱ似
ԭдģʺ𣿡ϳŰɡ
ԭشѩɽ壬Ҳν壬к壬вԭ壬ϷлĮ塣
һ֮ϸΪ֧ÿ֧Ųͬ˵쳣ߴľ壬ֱ˵Сӵ٪壬ˮ塣
ĲԭĹԭһ似δʺԭ塣
ʲʺϣоһ¾֪ˣѡüߣһν
ƾʲô˵ⱾأΪǲԭдģϳʵ
ܼ򵥣ΪⱾװдСֱδʶȴϵó

ϳһϲ
߳һ𣬾ž޴Ĳ࣬һؼļֵǸּؼʮ࣬Ҳر
ҵһؼȷʵԵˡ
Ҳжʲôһӻӣɲʶԭֵ˼Ȿ飬жϲֵ
ϳⱾԪ似̵ѹΣܹԳһ
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ӽ𼶵似ǿ
䵱겻Ͻ糵նڣⱾؼƼҺ˿ģ˼ֹܴ͵ѧֵСŪŪ˻УôүҵĻ۽һɾʶơ
ϵ
ϳ˱ˣȻҪԣ˵ö˳Ļ
ڱ˶ԺܼߵȴΪϳԱĺõطԳ飬ϾëǣϳҲûԵöе飬ֻգѡһּ似
ǰ׶ѡǵ飬ϳѵʱࡣ
˽ѡе˵ǼǣǼǵĹ¼ϳѡеüͷʵ벻ͨϳΪҪѡЩ飬ѯһ䣬õȴģɵĻش
ЩؼĽ֮ͬǰĽѾϷϳջ
뿪ң·ϡ
ͻȻɽ»˾֮һ
ôֵˣһ͵
Щ½˺üε𣬾ͺһֲĵ𣬸һֲ֮С
ϳ˿ΧΪĸУ˰Ѻ
ҶΪͨĵ𣬵ʵȴôһ£顣

ص
ܵķӡ֮ء
ɫŮӡ
ǱϵĽۿžҪγˣֻʣһ㻹ѩ׵Ƥ֮С
ѹô꣬Ҳˣɣ
ŮӴһһ˫ֽ߾ȫϵĽװ˳
һѪ쮷ɶڵء
γͬʱΧҲ֮ϣ˱֮ǰΪҵ𶯣˸£հʧȥá
ŮӸոͻƷӡԵЩĴ
Ƭ̺𽥻ָԹصĿеĽ𽥼ƣʱ˾˵ñѿ
֮ǰӡסˣ˥κβӡǿޱȵѸٻع飬Ҳˡ
֨֨
飬ڵء
Ľ֮ϣȻĪа֡
漴⣬ع磬֤Ǳ޻ζɵĽ
ӡ˰ʮ죬ˡŮпǰγɱĻȣǱᴩ˿ڣۿɼٶѸٸԭΪƽ⻬ļ
Ǻɫ촽΢΢¶аȵ΢Ц
ȴɱһȥλأ

ҹҹĻڣ׺Ų÷ǡ
ϳڷһһСһһףͷоŸոյõ似
ʵϵõֻǱͨͨıѡԵӵˡ
ֻܹжϳֻԱ߿Ŷѡ
ŻԪֻȻһŽ˵ĹΪõ似似Ӳ˵ĹЩȻԼȥԱ֮ʩ
СˣǰĻԪؼСС۾˸ʣһ˳ӡ
ܷ˵Ĺôϳѡ
⹥ǻԪ֣似ҲƵģйܷȣԪֻܷͨȭŹõϮ޷ȥġΣֻܷΪĹʵ̫ǿԼнӲסȻ̸ϷˡѧŻԪ֣ͬΪĵˣǵȭŹԾͳˡ
ЧѾˣʲôܷǻˣǾͲֹ似ˣǸ߼似
ûŻԪֶԣѾǺܲ似ˣһѧҼ򵥿˿似ԭѧûơе似̶ֻܹѧѧϰˡ
һŷ糵նأ
Ԫش似糵նǴĽ似ҪôзеıʩչǵǱıһذףֻҪзоʩչ糵ն糵նܹնƷ糵תޱȣܹɳԶһܵ켣絶ŷ糵նĽΧҲҪʤһʺѧϰ
似˵ѧĸã
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ÿտ֮ĪаѧٰһᣬüĪаѧŮһãһɢﷹѧҲԲμᡣ
ϳصǺܸɾ·žգһݡ
ⳡϾǴ󳡺ϣҪʽһ㡣
ߣȥԴһ١
ϳĶӳˡ


30 
Ƭ̺ϳ˾ٰĵص㡣
ͷܶѧԼΧһΧϰƲˣǷʢиľƲ˱½
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ˣ
͸˿Цˣϼѽϳٳˣĸĸܵƣ޷ϼ岻κ˹μᣬҲһǳϷѩ
ף޹ʡ
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㲻ǵһһĪаѧͬУбˣ

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ʶ˵ģ㱻ɨǵˣտˣϳ˵һ̨ѹһͷ
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ʵǳϣ֮ǰΪÿ϶ܶڣûиȥտ˵ĽΪʮþȵ顣û뵽ˣõһˣǸǵ걻ߵɨϳ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ܣôĶ֣츳ϼǧС֮ҲˣټųԴԴٻޣһߵɨǣʲôȣ㲻ģЩʧ̬
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̲סĿԶϳһȫµ۹ȥɣ૵벻Ҳзʱ򡣡

½˵ʳöװˡ
;һ֮ǰһֱȰҪöʵ˭֪ϳģ


31 
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ϳһӱʸ֮ģһȺָţͺʲôĴƵġ
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32 һǶ
ϳδ룬ʹôһҪ
ƸȨǰֻһԼӿŮ˽ߣֻҪǣһ𲻻ǣ
̶˲סȻûϵϳķҪ
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ⲻǼʵʵ˵
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ʱ䣬
ϳͫ׷Ŵ׻·綼ʧˣֻ촽Ĵи
˵촽һ𣬳ʱ䡣
̶ջӣûлϲûɬԵЩ֣¡
ҵǣˡǸԺ󲻿ԽҪ󣬷ҷ̶
һӡϳԼ촽δ֮ǰҪʵмֿЦĳɷ֣ͬʱҲǱܵʹû뵽̶ȻĴӦˣ׸һǡ
þգһ£һȥĪаѧ㡣
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нŵģ߻ȥˡ̶Ц
İȥһյĹ͵ˣҿ˫߻ȥ춼Ҫˣ
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̶һ㣬ȻʧҹɫУ¹ϳеҹ硣
ãǵ߻ȥˡ
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ǴԴȣɵãһҹɽ·
ϼһ˵ûŮ˶ǺջˮϳﱧԹ
֪ɡ˱ԡǸСӿ㣬пǿˡƲ
ãҪˣϷˣңһҹԩ·
Ůģ룬ʱҲ²͸
²͸Ͳˡ
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ЩֻǼʶ̶òûп̶ץϳƿշеһĻǵɾͲֹЩˡ
ϳûа׽̶꣬ѧһ¡
ܣ
ϳ֣ﳤȥ
ԭأζű֣ԽԽè塣
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ϳһ̶˵ĻΪԼˣæȥţȴ˷̶Ϸѩ
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㾹ȻΪҸý㷭ϳ֮ܳС
ҲΪ㣬Ϊ˶֮ǰŵԣ֮ǰ˵ҪһؼġϷѩӦ飬ֻҪܰ쵽һҪ쵽Ϸѩ˵Ůкܷ緶
Ƣүǣ
ϳ˴ĴָԿޣȴϷѩһǰۡ
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ȴڼ䣬Ϸѩ̶飬Ū̶ݣϳ֮Ĺϵȵȡ
ϳһ̯֣˵ԼҲ̫⵹ʵ
һʱ䣬ϳķһα죬γֵģ̶ˡ
컯֮£̶˵ĸо˺ܴı仯øˣҹʵ
һڣؼһ˿΢ա
ˡϳٺЦ
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Ҫһؼ壿
ôԸ⣿
ȻԸ⣬֮ã飬·ҲǽƣڼǱߣҾԼҳ̵£ӣƲϲ͵ġ
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Ů˶Ůһ޶ˣһ崿ۣǧͬһ£ͨͨķԡ
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˭̶üʵ
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ŶˣǸţϳǰʱΡ
Ż̸ϣϳͱҸʤһ
֪֮ͦġ
лл佱
ŮĶԻϳУȴ˼ԵζŮƺ·
˴ˡ
ϳЯλŮһ뿪סᣬǰĿһۣипǧ뿪Ҳˣסģ֪һλꡣ
֮ǰϳȻҪȥһЯŮһ·˽ѧ¥㣬һ·˵ĲĿ
˿ɲڿϳڿϳߵŮˣĻò޵̶˵ʵ̫
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ϳʲôϵ
֪ʹϳСӲ˵
һĽ㣬ѪԵϵ֣
ԣһǽܣ
۷׷ף˿̶ıӰֱˮ޲ðϳһ߿ȡϳλá޸ʵ˼ʡ
ϳһ·㣬̶ûȤ֣ϳϷѩһ졣
ھֵͷ֣˷Ҳ
ҸϷѩؼ壬ǰһۡϳ
Īаѧֻǵ㣬Ӳ˾͸õȥչ߷ɡʱôߣʱͳˣʱĿ졣ֱȻһϳ˸ѧʱߣ΢Ц
лһҪлл㵱ҴĪаѧʱһֱܵù˵һˡϳԵ
ллĻˣԺúúõģǱˡٱ֮ʣһ仰
ʲô
󣬲Ц󡣡
ʲô˼
ԼԺĥȥ
Աߵ֣˷ʱ廰ϳҪϼ壬ͬ·ʹɡһ̫ã·¾͵÷ֱˡ
ܸ֣ͷһ·Ȼáϳϲ
Уλؼ֮󣬰鴦ˣ;ȥھֵķֺȥ𵢸̫á
һһ
ϳؼҵĶֶ˸֣˷ڴ£ΪͬΪһϳؼҵ·ϾͰȫˣٵ⵽˵ı
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ߵ·ϳۼ⣬ֿһǰüͷ΢΢һ塣
ȶϳ֣һߵڰףһҧϳȶ֣Ҫϳͷϡ£ϳɻǵ
ϳ˴ͷ𣬶Ϻһ
һվסлҪ˵


33 
һǰţȻϳ⾪װĺŵһӡͣԭأתŭĿհϳ
ϳʲôһսս
ֻмҪ㣬˶ѡϳ̤ߵ˿һǰͷ㣬ڻĽҰ⣬ҸһȺ˭ȶ֣˭Ҫɱң˵
Ǵε飬ҲѾ潻ôΪλҪˣ
ƨ㲻˵ʵҵȻҪˡ㣬Ѿ̤ĪаѧҲѧڿʰ㡣ǼѣʵԼѡɣ
ҡҡ
һƣŵɫ԰ף亹ֱΪѾȥˣûϵϳģ鷳
ô죿
Ǽһҧԭ˵ǣʵ
һ˵ʵģκԼԶϳĶ֣ϳиھֳܶԿģʵʵ˵˵ٰζƵϣûʲôˡ
ðɡʵ𶯴֣֮ǰԩ㣬ʵȶֵĲ㣬ǡҽ˻ԼԲԩ㣬˵ıƺǿʵҪսƷǵսƷ
Χ˶
ǡ
һԹԴӦ˼˵һ飬̰ͼϳսƷΧϳ鶼˵˳
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ΧЩ֪ࡣ
ǿˣϳ
ϳɱˣҲ˾ȡӦõ³
ףûꡣ
Χң԰ɣϳʵ
ԡһͷ絷⡣
صѧƭˣ˵ҪǵĶ԰ɣ
ԡ
ΪԼûд
дȻд
ãֻҪϴͺá
лдԭЩԺ֤ˡ
ҿû˵Ҫԭ㣬ȻдǾ͸ܷҸţԩҵͷȡߣ
ϳԤ׵ı֣嵽һǰһѿסһеͷݺݳ
ۣ
һѪҽһ
˳ҧԾΪûͷͻʵϲˣֻҪʱ֮˲
ϳһǸһһ
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ϳ࣬ȡ˲֣֮ǰĺ֮ɫʧλ̸ͬЦ˼ǼʱˣǼ·ɡ
˼·ҽеĿһԺ
һûͷΣڣǾԼˡֻ֮ܲ

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ղϳǼ⣬֪ϳеķ˴𰸡
첻ɱ
Ȼɱʣµİè͸ûɱļֵˡ
ҲգӡҵȻĪаѧйأЩˣϳķݶϣͷŹǺˡ⣬ģҿԲɱطҺᣬˣ
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ڵصߣΧԵĵ쵽Īаѧɽ£ݷ
Īаѧ£֮Īаѧ̾Ĵɽ
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СλĪаѧɽ£ʴ˵ɽɽ;˵ء
һüĿƵķھǰŴ⣬ǰһζȴû˼ȥһڡ
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ȻߣȴоͷԣżҴһЩϴС׬˷ļҵĲ˵ϵʽͳʮң
Ǯʹĥοߡ
ǮúܶΪ
ɽδʮ߸һߣĴ򷢵˱𴦣סɽ
ĿֻһǱΪӱ
Ȼȱ㣬ϲǣǮִţվĶӡˣ˳ܲ
»ӻɽҲҪϳץסȻѺĥϳֻͷ֮ޡ
ĥϳķɽѾ뵽˺֣ܶһһ񶾺
⻹ԶԶԶԶ

һ첽ݣɽһ֡
˵õʲôϢɽϳ
Ѿ̽ˣ֪ϳһЩտˣϳսʤ˵һ˵õھһͷʶھڡϽѾھֵˣ
ʲôɽһ


34 ·ɱ
տˣɽϱ˽Īаѧϳ֮⡣ŭŭȴҲҸĪаѧԣֻܴĪаѧΧ׼һá
ʴˣɽϲ˽տ˵ľֻ˳ȥ̽
йտ˵Ϣֱ½
û뵽ϳȻܶõһھ֣
ɽϵıƻǳ
ɽϸĪаѧץˣȴҹȻԿھ֡
ЦǿڵһҶھּɵ֣˴ìִþ̸нھֵʵɽ˾͸һֻûʲô
ϳھֵˣһ֣͵ڹȻھ֣֪
ԭܼ򵥵һ飬Ͼˡ
ɽ͹ⷢԲ
үھֺܲǣץھֵˣºճ˼Ȱ˵
ҵȻҪ˼Сɽϳ
˵ˣĬĬȴǰλľ
һ˼ǣɽڷˣ֪ͨˣ˭ɱϳԵõңץģ˫
ɱϳһŭھô죿һ
ڣھʦڶ࣬ϳŸոռ룬ھֲ̫ںġɱ֮뿪Ҫºһؽȥݷھڱصķں´㡣ǮͨھֵõǮȻ׷һʦ
·պܴ󡣡
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үҪߣ֮ǰ㲻Ҫۿϳץʱ𣿡
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۽ǳ˳飬һϺ꣬ùͷ齻ȥԼǰ֮ززˡǮү⻰ǲ١
ɽˣһж˴
֮±·ҵջաһΣյɽ̿ȴͶֻǸ߸һ൱˵ļһ

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Ⱥһʮˣȫ棬ݣһͲ⡣ʮӯɱȻߣʵ͡
ͬʱһ˴Ӻ󷽳֣Ҳ٣ǰγɼл֮ƣϳ˼˵С
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Ψ̶ɫ糣ûͻȻֵЩ˷ͺֻһȺ·ϡ
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вգҡϳü
ãҪľֵǣһϣ˭ɱͽ˭ģΪ׵һϺȣŻһ޴İ師ϳ˹ȥ
ҲһĿȫϳһϡ
ȺɽµĻ֮ͽҵͽž޴ջ
ԸϳһˣǾڣûҪʲô֣Ա߶һ֣˷ж˼ּɵЩ⵽ھֵ׷ɱԲ档
ɱˣɱ˾ȥǮǮԶ߸߷ɣңȫ뷨
ֻҪй¶ݣھΣ
ɱϳ֮⣬Щмɫ֮ͽע⵽ϳߵˣǸһϵŮʵ̫ˡ
ҲҪ֣ɱٰ֮Ů°ߣòɫգ

ͷҵģ
缸ŵ㣬С椣
ڶ˶ϳ
ϳǰǿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳô˵Ķ֣οȺͽУźüλּϵߣΪҪߡ
һˣɣ
󵨣˭Ҷھֵˣ
ǧһ֮ʣ֣˷˫Ŀһݣֿ˰ٱϻϣƾҪƴദʱ䲻ϳϾڿͷϼھ֣ó½Ϊάھֵϡ
֣˷Ķܿ죬ǸԱߵ̶̫̫ࡣ
һȺҲǰƾҲɱѣ
̶ЦһЦݵߵаװָһһɿֲΪĵ㣬ɢ
䣡
ۣ
ǰһһıͺһͷѹƵģ֧飬Ѫģ
˭жߵΪźֵķֶΣȫסصһ
ôݿһΪǡ
ನɢ˾ΧĽﻯΪ棬һƬĩվ
ϳһѪ
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ϷѩǾԸӣԭͺܽ׵øӲ԰ˡ
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˼ǣղһвûƺֻǺܴ
һŮӣʵ
֣˷ʿˮΪҪԼȺУûϵ˵ָͽˡƫͷһ־η͵͵һ̶漴Ŀ˻
֮ǰֻоƯû뵽ʵȻǿøղ·ϣûеңҡϳֻһͨ꣬츳һЩΪλύ˿ֲѣ
֣˷ͷת֪䣬ͷϵ亹ð
֮ǰĪаѧ֣˷ݵλߣܵ°Ĵ˶
λǿǰѾŵҴˣСǱܵĸоһѹ·һֻڰ֮ϵķˡ
֣˷ųԱߵϷѩǺ̬֪
Ϸѩ֮ǰ̶ĶԻֱ
ʲôͷΪʲôôǿϼ峤δĶ֣˵Ҫϳؼһˣ¿ˣϼͻȡ
ϷѩһʼΪ嵣
ǰΪϳģΪϳؼҺᱻ۸ȫˡ
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ϳǰĳ۽ǳ˳飬һȣ֮ǰʰһֱСư
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ΪҾͿ㣿̶΢УԶһС¥ݶ
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֮ǰ޶˵Ůڿ͸Ůɱһ㡣
˵˭ģΪҪɱϳҸӵʱ䣬
̶


35 ֮
˲ҺǰŮɱֶΣԹ˵飬ɱңǶɽϵʹĻı
ѹ
ۡ
˵ͷ϶һѪò
˵ͻģûƭɡ̶аһЦЦ
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شҵô
Ȼҵķ
ǺðɡˡԼǵ鷳Ҳƨɣǲ˼ϳٺЦ
ЦԱߵ֣˷ԼϷѩŵòᣬ˿ֲŮɱ񣬾ȻҿЦֱҪˡ
ڿ˵Ůɱæƨɣⲻ
̶ᷭˣŵע
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ʵƨɵȻԼȥæϳңӰ㼱Զȥ񻱳Ӱ
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36 Ԫ
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Һ̬Ȼͬ졣
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39 նɱ
龰ҶĿ΢䣬˶ߣ㵵ͻƵּˣ
лæȻ޷ͻƵģΪл죡ϳһ߾е쵶ʩչ絶Ҷ쵶ı弼Хֶֹκ϶Ϊһ
ΪͻƵ˸ּܴôǲҶŭһ־һ䴦εض
İͻƵµľ磬Ҷ൱Ļ󣬰ѷŭйһС
ղţϳס̶ֳȵĹڲͬˣ
ϳгն䣬һֱʮ׵磬Ļ׳һ
䣡
Ӳһϳʤһɵ˶ĻŶҶ˹ȥһʱ൱ֲ
ʵôǿô࣡Ҷ󾪣æ콣ٹͷʹ˱̬ץס˷צһ߷ɣ˷ɵ˱𴦣ܿĹ
ͨ߸ոͻʱõȷʵ޴ϳܹ֮ԽսΪϵ֮ʣȫȫѹե˳
ߣ
䣡
ϳɢͷƮ·ͳԲ֮ϸֳۿɼĻ
ȥɣ
ϳһЮʩչ絶һƿգס֮ǰǸǣŻڶιҶ
ҶӲץצУͼܿûֻжѣϳ־ڴˣոշߣϳͻȻ磬Ʒɵ࣬γɼл֮ƣ
ϳգһն䣬Ҷæеķʹ˱̬һӭ쵶

ཻ쵶ӦϣΪأ
ϣܿع磬֮ǰᱣֱ̬һСʱ䡣
ϳץסһ㱦ʱ䣬еĶϵչ׷һֱҶķ϶ȥ
ϵҲǵˣ
ϳͻ֮ʵõȫøΪۻˣٶҲ࣬ǿеıǮ
ۣ
ͻҶķ϶һұۣ

Ҷҽһ˿Ѫ쮷ɣ׹£ǡñƽĻУڻдת
ϱ۽ŷ콣ҲС
ϳնϵ

תݺݷеҶƶʮףŽ˦˳ȥصˤڵϡ
սϱڷᣬȻڻڣ˸ԶĵطѲá
ҶǻˣڵϣһϢʹ죬Լͼһ޶Ӱ˹ϳ
ϳߵҶߣ˶ϵն
Ҷϳеıɱ⣬ŵûɢţס֣֪˭ҿҶϼĵϵҪǸɱңҶϼ岻Źģ׷ĺǣҲץסֻüҿԼ̣
ϳûĬĬնҶһֱۡ
ס֣֪ĺܳеģɱңҲɣҲһ꣡
ϳٴ䵶նϵǴȡ
ͣ£ˣҲֻҪңʲôԴӦ㣬ҵĴкܶǮˣ
һ䵶һȡ
ˣˣˣҰɣ
һ䵶ҶĲһ
ϳеĶϵһ⣬գع硣֮УҶķҲȥ
ſ㼸ҪǱˣǧжΪϳһȻƽϢ
ϷѩվԶĿŵϵʬ壬ɵˡ
Ҷˣ
ҶϼĵϵɱȻȻ󲨣ưոݡ
׷˵ϳϼ嶼ܵǣ㲻пܱս
ϷѩתȻϳĵҲ̫ˣȻҶɱֱȥˣһҵǲΪ·ˣҪл
뵽ϳղΪԼͦһкһŭնҶϷѩķ֮УĪĶһ˿¶
սˣкܶҪ
ϳȡҶĴԼٱϻȻҶǴӵܣеĴԼٱϻǸ߼ĿռܴĶ࣬ԶϳҪá
ϳպսƷת¥¥ŵܹˣΨЮֵŮ¥ϡ
˰ﵽףͷ͵
ϳҸŮˣǮı·ؼҲãҲգ֮Ƿ֮ˡ
ƼˮˣһѾ御
ŮǮսս뿪ˡ
ϳٴ˾¥ʧȻﳤȥԼǮΪĲǵʥˣֻΪ˻öأġ
緹ǳԲˣҶʬ岻ܣҴҵؽֶȥ
ڡ
ϳڵУŮҡ
ҲסղôΣգ㾹Ȼû֡ϳƫͷԹĿ̶
ⲻûôҪΣգһߣȻ̶֡赭д
һأ
£ԼҪӢ۾ģʵʣð
ҾȻҲ㡣ϳЦ
˵ʵ㵱Ȼˡ̶
ϳˣͷ˿Լ˿ڣղһսӮĺǿ˲ˣнˣҲˣҶƤˣûʲô󰭡
˵ҩҩϽϰɡһߵϷѩҩ
ϳҲӹ˵ҩһȥ΢תʹڸڻ⿪ɢҩɢȫʱůģʹΪ
˵ҩԼҩʵǷƣָЧڷҩԼҩ
ϷѩΪصĶЯĵҩȻͬ죬ɲ򵽵Ļɫϳģһֽ¶ϳոճһֽдɢõģרθˣֽЧ
ϳŴɢ׼ϣƫͷ˵λҪҩˣв㣬ǻرһ°ɡ
û£ҩ󲻵ĵط㡣ҪΪάңҺܹⲻȥΪͰһҩɡϷѩ
ãǾˡϳȻӦʣŮæҩֺƴǣֲ»ݡ
ϳɢݻϷѩȻ£¶ϰϵ˺ίʵ١֮ǰսʱټף˺ϵ˿ڻһ
ϺõҩܹĨȥ˺ۣ̣˶ãЩ˿ھͻ᳤ոµļ
ϷѩɢմһЩͿĨϳ˿ϣżԹеʹʹ
һĻĻԱߵ̶У΢΢üëϥͷȻս
ҩָһ㣬Ҳϳҩ˶ֿһЩ̶ɫ
Ϸѩһ㶣ȻѴɢ˹ȥ֣ʵ벻ͨǿĸ֣ԸȥҩС¡
λŮиһݴɢϳĲ˿ڡ
ϳֻ˵ãϵʹһʧ˾ųɡ
͵͵˿ģҿ˿߰崿
ףôŮһĸо
ϳҲ룬ɲҰ뷨˵±ɱҶҪأ


40 
ϣƶ䣬ʹʣƺһꡣ
ϳڳҶĴͬʱ졣
һսҵ쵶źúõģȴҶǸնˣû˳ֵıáϳҧгݡ
ɵĲȥµĲߵıעҪϸ»һӡԺᾭģʲôһν̬ȡ
ҵǷޣûսþٻµı޲УûսõıޣĻš
϶вǮʱЩǮٻޡ㵽˸ּԺٻ͵øּٻˣһּٻҪңһʲƵĿ
ҡ
ϳ۽ǳ˳飬ȷʵСĿ
ȥ㣬ͷеֻвǧңҲͻƾŸּٻ
Ҳ˵ŴٻûٻıޣЩǮʹˮƯˡ
үӣٻʱɾͿˡϳֺõ
ģүϡºڡ
ҵ˸ּΪҺ̬ʵ٣źǵ˸ּԺ󣬲Լ޷õͷޡ
ȵͿͬʱӵͷˣ̰ɡ

ߵ޽ԼܵƵģÿνԼּԼҪſԡ
֮£һЩ֣Ҳӵ̫ıޡӵкܶޣҲòԼԶˣһñ޴ɱȥɣɡ
ͻƣһ¥ͨ켶Ѿ޷ˣԺ󻹵ü޸߼УҲĲСѵ
ȻϳӦǡ
ţϳеĴɣͺһѱ˿ͷʧȥơ
ϳϲæ򿪴ڣУ̽涼ʲô
Ҫ֮һ
ˣˣ
ϳЦ
ôˣжңæʵ
һңϳ
ٻˣҰתˣЩǮٻıޡ
֮⣬滹вٶٷû׼ҳʲô
ϳ˳̽
ҩؼ
ϳжʱһȡ˳̯
һɫͬȫɢųƷʱϳԭеǿ̫̫ࡣ
һʱСˣϳϣͷϲö˯ͷ֮һ滻ԭʵȻǣƷҲˮǴߣ
ҶûɱôõĶƷͬæۣһáϳ
ҿСǰԼԴҪ˿˸飬ҿɫãΪӯɡ
ãƽʱá
ϳ̵εջ
ĵҩܶ࣬˵ģҲģ׳ģҶɫȻٲ˷൤ҩ
Ҳܶ࣬ССʮ飬ԣԷԼԾӶࡣ
ؼҲв٣Ʒȫףڸּϣкüġ
ûôˣһҹ飬ܹԷ⡣һʯһϵĻҳᱻȥʱ֤ྻһǰ׻¯ܹɢ˵ûôݳƷ
ϵıɲÿת˽ô죬󲿷ֱӵеĶЩССֵЧ
ЩӰ˵ĶһʵԻǼֵƵϷϳһսǴˣݺݵ׬һʡ
򣬹Ȼʵµ
ϳ߸˵һʮؼ֮УҵһؼΪٻ¼ضٻܹٻضıޡ
ͨٻٻı޶ģضٻٻıضģֻһ֣ıޣ
ضٻĺôڣֱܹٻҪıޣ·ҲһЩȱݣʧҪͨٻߵöࡣ
ɹˣٻضıޣʧˣʲôûС
ϳⱾٻ¼ŨȤϸ˷صٻУȻһٻٻ
ֲⱾǰ׺з֣
ޣǿһأҪٻǿɾ̫ˣ
˾ϲǣٻĲҪϵּͣҲܲã
һҪַٻϳһӣ¶˾ġ
ϳ˵ɾ͸ɣŶʼеļزٻ
̶ԼϷѩ˶棬һͷ羰һտҰζϳͻȻܳٻ󣬶ĿͶ˹ȥ
߶ԣٻһǳҪ飬ԼٻʱȻļٻʱҲϲո֡
ϳңڵջضٻ󣬹ճһӵǵһβٻ󣬻úСģ;
ضٻĸӳ̶ԶԶͨٻĲҲһЩֹô򵥣Ҫϡ
ҶĴоֲϣӦǰʣģϳãʡȥռϵ鷳
ףڻƵٻƺѰͨٻ󡣡Ϸѩ˼ֶߣ΢΢һڲϳû취ȥѯʣֻܻɻӿš
Сʱϳڰضٻóˣ
ڼ䣬һֱڰϳϳʱͷѾųһ
СӣûҵĻٻɹļֻһңңü߳ɣٻɣҲһξܳɹˣµ
ԡϳȲĽְٻһԲοȱϣͬʱضٻھϣ˻½磬󺣣
䣡
ٻâʢͨңԶ磬ͨλͨ
һӰٻڣչ׶࣬ɺףëǺɫģͷȼһŻ棬ȥ
Ƿ
ϳĿ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ԱߵϷѩһʧ㾹ȻҶ֮ǰʹõķٻˣ찡ޣ
Խı޶ǺٻģֻܹʹԽıޡ
֮УܹΣȴͬ޶Ҫǿ͸ܿɹˡ
ϷѩԾ֮࣬˼˿ĽҲǸּߣеıֻǸּѡ
һξٻɹˣˬ
ϳЦ񣬿ʼ޽Լ
ͷűԼһص࣬ʹ˼³磬ԵҰʮ㣬Ȼϲ⵽Լ
ԽǩԼѶȵģҪǰڣǾͰæһˡ
ϳӿأüԹԸҳ
Ȼ·ŵ棬Ӳѹ˷ķ־һɲǣԼ˲ɣһ˷ϣһݴϳĵ
Լɣ
ϳµ޷


41 
ԼɵɲǣйطżϢϳԺ֮С
Խϵ˫عעУȻˣ󣬹ΧȱٶȽױ˶̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
ϮʱڷʮһٸУٶȿ죬Զ̬Ҳʩչ̬ʤһ߼һҡ̬ƣޡʹôһ˴Ρ
ǣ߸߷ûסȫȻ׼ڵķ׹䣬һöƿնĻǣ֮ܽһƬطΪ𺣡̬ƣ̬ʹôΡ
ΪޣǼϾͱȵͼıҪࡣ
żܶǹܣһһǿʹôɿϵĲ࣬ԽǿľУʹôԽ٣ɴ˿ɼġ
֮ǰҶֵʱϳʶ˷żܣ˲ٵĿͷԺͿЩǿļԸˣ;ü
ǾɵĲȥµĲɱ֮ǰǿˣϳϲ
ϷѩյǰʵϳⱾٻǴҶĴ﷭𣿡
û
ϲһͷޣʵ϶Ӳ٣ҷ֮ǰʹ衣
ǰȲȸΣȻġ
ϳְڷεĲϣٿŷ񣬸ı̬ʹ仯Ϊ
仯Ϊһʽ֮ǰ쵶ͬ
ϳǿ似絶Ѿù˵ȻҪΪܱ֤ս
Ϸѩѷ쵶˹зۿԵð֡
ϳЦЦǱٻ¼ݸϷѩЦˣҪϲ񣬾Ͱеļزٻɣ
ⱾˣϷѩϲ
νһѣر͸кη
󷽡
Ϸѩšٻ¼ˣʼͷС
ϳָͷϵת˽䣬ʵүӣϷѩҲٻܲܰת
ܣҽϡȰҵЧ¶ס֮ĲޣҲģ
ðɡġ黹ԣȥɲС
֪ͺá
ϳ˽ת˽˵뷨¶ԷѣΪܣʧ
Сӣ㻹ٲһٻ󣬿ܲٻõıޣҲ滻ѵ
ٻһΣϳ

㵹ǹ̰ĵģ鲻ֵһԡǱٻ¼ֱޣҪҪ֮ѡһ
Ҫҿֺһ㣬ǣٻһͷǸá
ãġ
ȰԱ
ϳ˶Ľ飬ԭزͨĸּٻ
ŸոͻƵּں֮ǰĪаѧѧøּٻûԹҲܣڲǱ֮ǰٻٻ˳һЩ
Сʱȥּٻɣ
ϳְٻϣٻھ
âðһֻ޴ɫ׳棬׷Բͺһ޴ḥ̂ͷϵ˫Ǻţǣ⻬ո
ϳ˼ۣȴûܱϳ⵽Ǻֱޣ൱ģֲ޻ҪһЩ
ʲô⣿ϳ
Сӣײˣٻһͷʥ׳棡ϲ
ޣϳϲӡ
ɲô
ȷʵײˣѹûϳԭޡ
ϳͰʶϾޣҪ˽ּµıޣڸּϵıޣʶĲࡣ
ԶϷѩҲϵʥ׳棬֮ѯʲôޡ
ϳѧЦ˵ʥ׳档
Ϸѩ֮Բ۾𾪵ٻͷޣҲ̫˰ɣֱ찡
һߵ̶ҲЩ⣬¶֮ɫ۵Խٻޣ滳ǰ˵ĵù¶Ǽٵġ
ҿûƭ㣬ǰȷʵܵùüζЩУϷѩϳЦ
⵹ģǰȷʵܵùûȣڼֱ˵ûˣֱвèתϷѩʵ
ϳӦλŮ䣬עŻصʥ׳ϣ򶫺ѯʥ׳ʵΣҪҪ滻١
йʥ׳˵һ飬ʥ׳ڷͱޣ죬ļ׿쳣̣ͬ޶˵Щͼıˡ
֮⣬ʥ׳滹ӵ˼ܣơ
ܷˣȻǳʺοף滻ѷɫһ١
һϳҲޣ
߶ԣӵбȼߵıޣʵһ£
ϳԥ٣˳Ľʥ׳棬޽ԼһעԺ
ʥػͷ⣬ʹϵѸٸԭжԼƣ޷Ҳ޷Ƽ̬ƣǷ̬ʹôһΡ
ʥ׳ΨһէһЧƽƽʹôҲ࣬ϳѾǿˣɱŤתսֵЧ
ϳٿʥ׳滯γΪһĿף׿װͷԼؼףǷΧ֮ǰٸǿ
콣
ʥ׳֮һЧ
һһأȫϳԭͷ޸ǿ
ͷޣϳʵȻԾһ̨ף
ͷ޸Ҷٴһܣ϶ɾӮˣô
ͷ±޵ЧΣ
ϳݵʥףշ쵶ԭ˵⻮
Ϸѩϳ¶ŨŨĶ⡣
ܲ
ۿϳٻԽıޣʲŹ֣
ôʲô԰ڵģҲٻϷѩһţҲȥٻˡ
ʻյСϵļزһضٻҲٻȴ˶ӡ
䣡
ٻȻըëûٻ
Ϸѩģֻͨĸּٻ󣬽ٻĶͨͨıޣͷеıޡ
ٻˮƯ׻ôҡ
ϳǱٻޣϷѩʲôûٻСӶ챻ˣϳӵĲȻЩԹ
£ܱܲԹһңе}ĻţƤˡϳЦ
⼸춼ģҲٻޡϷѩԹأͺձϳƵġ

ͬʱϼ壬һС
һӶš
žװĿоӯɢǿᲨ
ǼеĴΪϻڵΪڼеλפصΰͳŽǧ˵ϼӵܡ
ϻͬһ֦ˣѪܽùϵ
СѩѾͷˣҺĺȥȴ飬ҪǸɨһ·ؼҡ˵˵Ѿͷж಻¡ҧҧ촽һӡ


42 ·
ã˵Ļôף˵ɨʲô˼ϻ΢Цʵ
磬ǹ˶£ˣú룬Ǽǰǳ˸ϳɨô峤Ϊǲ֮ˣ˳ȥ֪ô£ܵĪаѧѧϰǡøСѩͬһࡣ͵
ϳϻһ£˫һˣ˵ǸϳŵɨǣС֮󣬺üζص壬һܻҪҸײˡҿķһ߶ȣˡ
ԣϳ
벻ȻܰĪаѧߡ
и˳ԾءϳߣһĪаѧһտ˵ĵһϷѩȥ
£ϻĸ⡣
ߣϳΪ˵һ˲ˣڳһС˵־Ҫؼ忴ĸҲĽСѩѾͷҲǵģ˭һ·ãƫҪɨһ·ҲȾϻƲƲ
һѵ峤µĽ
ҽ㣬˵¡ߵñСѩ磬Ȼһٹһ죬Сѩϳͻˡʱɵ÷ŵ㣬ɨ˿ӡ峤Ͻɨ̤һ˼פأ϶Բ˶ߡŭ峤Ժͱְָˡ
лѣģڣɨ̤벽ˣҪǸһҾٴ߶ȣϻЦ
߶ȿ²ɣЦʵ
˵ôʰ
ߣȻʵߣԺɾ˵ˡһģпܻᱨ塣ֺ󻼣ɴˣǸɨǣҲǻ峤̫ʴˣȻֻǸߣɱ
˼Ҫϻ˫΢Уﺮһ
ֻôһ˵ʱͿˣþͷ鲻ãͰŪˣһΪһСѩӴ˵úɣûϳ¡
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ɱ˶Ϊϻ̫СˣһоҪϳ

Ұŵ;Уֹ𵭵ɳ
ϳڳڣڱĿͼſ죬һɫӿƮ˳
ǰ˸õȻҪ滻
ɫȡһɫһȥ븹Сһɾʱڸը̵ʹæתھߣסҪ֮ס
Ѫ⣬ŵڵ֮
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ϳüͷסʹ
Եÿп࣬ΪˣҪǿ͵ţ
úڳ뵤УͷųΧһڵԼ֮ᷢ޼ζϳ˽һ
ͺñϳһʵԼһ
Ҹоһɺǿӿϳ۾Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ʒ᲻˸߼ƷѾ˸ּڵΪ䡣ЩȫԺɨͬߣҲһս˳
ȷʵѹҪ
ȻˣǺöүô
ϣԺŪ߼ǲߡ
ɡ;ǺܶģҪôԼȥնɱǿ壬ҪôͻǮȥҪô͵ȱȥ͡
ͣ˭ϳ졣
εǱ͵ôζ
ϳ˶˼ϲֹͶҲܣ
ЩϧϳԺɱһЩʱȻջ࣬Ҳܵõõˡ
Ʋҹϲʣ˳ϲҡϳЦ
һϡ
̶ڳڣŶȣ¹ճԲȣһ˫ȵҲǼΪоһɺǿϳϴܲѰ
СǲǲʲôܣΪλἤǿǿȣѾˡ֪ĵϸҪ塣
̶΢У૵

ǰ֮磬ڵִϼפء
յƣˮʪ·ʯ·
ϼ壬񣬼פΧȫͨ˴ʯ·ͨΧ
Ⱥͣ£ˮ˳ųصȴʡ
Ϸѩһ˳ͷŶңԴڷ絲ꡣ첽ߵϳԣÿǰæͣ𶯣ҹȥһкòã
ԣͰˡϳɴӦ
̶㼱ŽȥˣһҪæסǨŭϼҡϼһǿߣ̶֪󣬼һ˳ӭǵģžֻۣҪһ˴˵ͣҵмʡ
İɡദ죬Ӧ֪һЩƢԣ󲿷ֵʱ򣬻Ǻƽ׽˵ġ
Ϸѩͷŷ뿪ͷųīٱפصڣһ·ˮ
ϳ͸ԶȥϷѩĪ١
һ˳Ļܼܿˣ
Тڻˣϳૡ
Ϸѩīһ·۵פ֮ǰ·ͣ
⴦Ÿʵԯţ㹻ų۹ǰʮפأÿ˵ΪϣежųǹȥƲ
ǵϵԱϷѩмҪؼ峤Ϸѩӻͳƣ˻Ρ
һ˻ģǼ˭֮һʵ
ǼźҪˣǲҪ֣ͣＴɣҰ峤֮Ȼɳӭӡ
ãȥɡš
ϵԱڼԱݵλЩǲʹķˡ
ϷѩһҴҵĴԯţ˼פء
һۣһ˵֮ǰһϷѩҪ֪ͨС壬ȥ½ˡ
ǣСȥ
Ƭ̺󣬾ͼһ䲻һͷͱޱ˹ǻϻ
ϻ󣬻˰ϼӵܡ
ϻƹҪפڵѲ߱ԺȵȣҲͳͳϽеıȨʵڲС
μ
μ
μ
ڶ׷ʩ񣬱ϹϾ
ϻȥЩĿֱԯͣŵ˫΢΢һУϷѩһ˻ģôϳǸɨǿ϶ҲߣܴһΣܴϵڶΣϼɲܻصġƤĴ㻹ǻүﱨɣ
ϻһ֣İӳ˶ɢɱϢ


43 
˶鼱ǰʵС
ϳĿȥ͸ǧ˿һϤӰ
ϻ
ϳɨسţ¿꣬˼ĸλصϼ壬ܹĸÿһζ֮⡣
һλؼʱΪϻ
Ļ䣬ӿӿͷ
ɨǣ峤壬Ѿϼ֮ˣﲻĵطλңʵڿɶ׵ķݶϣһССĳͽ䣬´һͲֹˡ
ϻʱ˵һȻ赭дĺ˦һţϳϣϳȸ߶ˣ
һҲ꣬ˮȽ䡣
ϳŶȣһȳһյ뿪ʵ߲ˣֻֽŲãŢſ뿪
ʱϳ޹˼֮ᡣ
뿪ʱһҲûֻǿз߶һ仰סһȣסһȣסһȣ
ĵҩЧ棬ϳκ˶ȣѾΪˡ
˿̹ĵĳޣ
ҹϳλǸҹȻڼ˵ķŭоѡ
ԡ
˼嶥֮ŭ
ϳѪͫʣз׹⣡
ǱˣһΪأ̣㣬ʵ̲סϳҧҧһƿţ̤;ˮݣӭڿ񱼶Ķ顣
ϻһ·ϳǰһ֣ѵصͣٿУȻ롣
ϻڻ֮ϣư֮ɫĿϳߵϳɣ겻Сƨǳ˲٣ϲˡƤ˵Ͻ̤ϼһ㲻֪ڸģȻһͱˡҪȡ˻ҲǸ
һȣһǵã춨ٱϳ֮УĻ
ûɣղ˵ʲô
˵Ҫ𡣡
ˣЦǲΪĪаѧһ޵ˣôģǸ֪ߵغľ֮ܡ
˵棬һ˶ϰɡ˭ЦԼ
ãȻ㼱Ҿһ̣ϻЦһɸͰԵϢɢ˷İ˶鶼Ų
ϻߣһؾ磬ٴνҺ̬̻Ϊ̬øۻ档
ϻһԾӻϻ仯Ϊһ׻ͷף˿Ϸϡ˫һץٱϻзɳ⣬ǹԼһװ룬һǹǹƷ࣬һǹǹϾ׵硣
ͷһ
һƣͬʱӵͷޣ
ת˽С۾Ŷ棬ͷ޵࣬ɿѵϳСĵ㣬һϵıһɫģϵĿǰֵǹǴֵ࣬ǹޡƤ񣬴ٶȷɿ죬ܹͷ׵硣ͷУǿķ񣡡
ڱ̬ºѷֱ棬ǳһ˾ֱ֪޵ģҲδܱϳΪ̬뱾Ĳ̫󣬶ʶ㣬ḻܱϳ
֪֪˰սʤ
ϳμǶĻж˼ֵĬĬԼֱȡ˳һʥϣһ쵶С
еı޿ǲұȻʮǧأϻһһǰǧ˿ֱϳɱȥ;֮˿ԱɢϵĻˮըˮ
һ壬ǧ֮ƣ
ϳֻһѹƶѹؿڴδ֣Ͼͱѹȥ֪ԼΪޱʩչߣ
䣡
һϳͷƮ·޷ԹģΧˮȿ㾡ƶʱ˵˵ѹƣ·˼
ЩŮĳ꣬ϳɲǹΪ˹񫣬Ҳ˺ܶ˼ϣ̶սϵ⣬̶ѣҲ䵱ʦ
̶֮ǿľʶˣ
ĳЩ棬̶ת˽͸Ϊܹ鵽սеÿһϸڣǸָٶ࣬ҲֻԹߡ
ڳУ̶ָϳսƺҪⲻӰ쵽ˣҲӰ쵽Լ
һԴ
Դģ
Ϣӯսⰺ߽ϣȻǺӣ
ȣ
ϳһʩչұ죬з쵶ӭϻն
絶ƣ
һϯ꣬γ籩ϻŭȥ
ϻܵ粻ƣĵһСӵĹƾȻ֮ǿ
ԭϻֻϳͨͨСҲǸּˮ׼ȴֵһоͱ˱ƽ
ֵǣϳϱĪǴӶаħ
ϻо棬ֵȴûаɣһ˫ǹֱֱ̳ǹƷ硣
ƾǹ
䣡
ǹ;Ʒ籩ʱͣЪ
ƾǹһĽսϹɱһ׷ʵõɱǹһһʽ׺ݰԵơ
ϻи֣ҲϻһԵϲƾǹ¹๦һǹǾ춯ء
ǹƷ磬ֱȡϳţһǹǰͷһǹںƴ
ս˫嵽˴˽ǰ಻̶̰֮ң
ڶǹϳ֮ǰյϣһãʩչʽɨҶͬʱ˷츳ܷ
żܴ󣬵ٶΨڽʩչܱ֤еˣ

쵶ĵƾðһԼ磬Żεضγһһ硣
һɳ죬˽ս˫֮䡣
ͬһдӲͬʩչȻҲͬϳע˷쵶ǿһеǰĻɱȵҶʩչĻǿö࣬ͬն
ǰȻðһϻʧɫæбˣżڰһ㣬ըһ󷴵Ȼ˫ʵ̫˶Ȼˡ

һסϻУͼڷдתڻʱʱ֣һʹĲҽӻж϶
úóյζɣ
ϳеķ쵶ٴն䣬նһŷ֮ǰһ֪Լ෽涼ѷϻȻռȻȻҪһȡʤϻ·ˡ
ԶİϼӵܿһĻ޲ʧɫ
ǳ羴ĻȻϳͷŵʽѹסˣ
찡
ôܣ
ϻһпνٮٮߣʵһ¹ϣҲܵһְ
ϳأ
ǸɨسŵɨǣܶѾ˵Ĵˡ
ʱ꣬ϳͻȻʵȻǿܸϻһϸµĳ̶ȣ
˶ĹȥæЩƽϻǹܽϣûϻǲ
еս˲Ϣ䡣
סϻͻȻԼеǹ

ǹʯ·һ˫˫̬һСɵӣһǻ׵ޡ
ͷ˫˫ϳľ
һ˫Ƶ棬ֱϳӡ޶磬һ׵磬ϳ˹ȥ


44 һƼ
˫ؼлϳʩչȣһ̤棬ɱ˸߿ա
ϮĹ˫˫գϳı߶ûմ
ϳһԾֹǶô򵥣һк´һڴɲǣɰȻ
䣡
ը˰еĴ࣬һըɡ
ϳһɣеķ쵶ΪͣʩչܻǣǸ߸߷𣬽׼޸¡
׵ȴδסȥƣűߣΧܻ𺣣ݺݷޡ
ӻзɳ»Ϊ˱ϳС
ǰһ飬еϻǱڵϣͷսһ顣һװףſһ٣ܵ˻ڸΪء
ɶһɨǾңҽһҪɱ㣡һҪϻ˫һץԼ˫˫ضǹ»صС
ϳأɨǣϳŭһӭϣ˿Ϊǿĵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ս˫һ˶Է
һν棬ϻѧ˹ԣ֮ģٹֽӽϳٱǻסԾ;ϵǹȻ̳׹һϳ׹Уǹٴ̣׹⡣
ž׹һһķϳ壬ʥ׵ֵвֵâ壬Ƥһʹ
ϳȿ񱼣ܿ˺׵磬ͬʱгʩչϮÿһնʮС
ЩзϻƵϳһܱߡ
˱һ룬ȦȦһһʩչԶ̵ĹֶΣһʱ䶷˸ֲ¡
ϳСӸһҲп׻ҪƳĿףȡʤѡ
Ŀ̫̣޷ƿϳ
ҪƼף͵ÿеķ쵶ĵƷҪԸĿףȫһ֮£ܻơ
Ҳ˵ҵ취ӽ
Ӯ͵ðոɱȦȦûõġΪһ󾳽磬ۺԣȥĲ
ã뻢Ѩɵûӣ
ϳ˶Ľ飬һҧأ˫ĿȻȻ̧ƣŵһ̤
䣡
ըϳһöڵԶϻȥһԾʮԶصɲǣһѵ̤
˷Σʹϳڼ̵ʱڱƽϻ
ϻһϵǹ档
񱩵׵ڵص״ܶһΪʮһ绡ӵصױγһϻС
ϳһͷײڵ֮ϣʱܴҧأʹԽ˵谭Ծϻͷ
絶ߣ
ϳһ䣬֮¿Хһϯֲķ籩ѹ·ĵȥ
ϻṇ̀о䣬չֳ˾տޱȵǹ
˽ӽǹഥһܼĽײ

ͬʽײͬĽһս衣
ⷬɱ֣գ֮䣬ѾʮС쵶Ѻۣһ˫ǹҲˡ
һҪ
ϳпХߣͷųһɲǣϳ·Ϊħһ˫۾˳֮ɫ
ǰ˵ԼһҪžۣ赲Ǳ㡭

ϳһһǹһץסοС
ϻ󾪣æǹһ£˫ǹȴ˿һֱӵ꣬ʱȻԶǯס˫ǹ
ϻ֮ʣ쵶˳ƴ̳ڰϣĵжؼףǰ
ϳ֮ǰʹηʣһʹûᣬڹ˳

ֱϻڱѪߣ۱ǿ˳

ϻ˻ҽС
ϳһãһεض𣬽ϻһ·졣
תϻĲҽдԽԽֱʧ
ϳпŵǹ⣬ʣ֤ǵѾ
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һһȣֵˡ
ȫԾ
ϼӵɵɵĿһĻԼ۾
õĻϻȻǰУ
ôܣ
ǿϻϼһе̳Žǰʮ
ǱΪϻܹɵӮһսʰͱɨسŵɨǣȴû뵽ϻǵǰ
겻ϳȻôǿˣ
ʵֱЩ죡
ȣȣǾȣ
ȹɱ⣡
ɱ˻ǲܷŹһϣҪ
ɱѩޣ
ǰһ
˶Ⱥʶһϳ˹ȥڳвŶΡЩֵǹϻѬӰ죬Щǹҫź⣬ˮǹϣƽֱɱ⡣
ϳڵİ˶飬ˣˣ
ĬĬĺгʥ׵ЧѸ޸ϵƣ漴żǧӵƣŵ˳˹ȥ
ûпֻ̫࣬϶һ£ɱЩˣ޷ǰһ
Զ֮У̶ţ͸ȥıӰ΢΢ЩݡΪʱ᷵ͷȴû뵽꾹Ȼŵ˹ȥ
³ç
ǿ
οϳĵɫֻÿ϶ǻȵ֮װŵһλ
ԽԽˡȥɡȥɱʹ죬ЩԼԹͳͳйǿԲʣԲ塣ڣСһͱͨ͸Ҳûйϵ㶥ţ
̶Ȼ
ԶһһٵսѾʼ

ϼפڡ
ϷѩīڽֵϷɱԼӴԺȴĹͷˣ·̫ʱ䡣
峤ģҪ峤ϷѩҴҵĺ
ֵߵϼ˷׷ҡͷ˵֪
Ϸѩһҧٴδ߿ƥȻû֪Ǿֻĺĵشˡ
ܵ·ͼһŮڸ⼸Ů̸ȻϷѩý㡣
Ҳã΢΢һ䣬ûѾͷǻˣ˵ԼģǸǸɨһģ
м£û㣡Ϸѩ䣬Ҫܿµý㡣
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ҪǸɨһ鷳Ϊ˼룬¸˻ϻϳһҪסϳɱҲν赭дĴ
㿴ɱϳ͸һֻӬûʲôһ΢С¡
Ϸѩ֮ⷬԴ˵һ£׻˼ֲԸϻȥɱϳ
ǰҾԸģϳɨǻؼң£һѻǾ͸鷳ˡϻŴţ̤벽ǸϳѾϻ˫ǹ֮¡ֱ׳
䣬פشſڵķĴԼɱԼ仹ܿһĻһɳ죡
ּſǱߴˡ
ζʲô
ζϳ巢˳ͻһִϳλŮɱһ֣
ǰЩǵָֻҷĳϷѩԺһŮɱϼﵯһ£֪
㲻㣬ϷѩΪԼֹѵķȴû뵽Լýˡ
ˣ׳գҪ㺦ˣ
Ϸѩһŭ֮£ʹһݺݳһơ
ž
һҪжࡣ


45 ָ
㱻ɵˣɵˣͺһ
ô
Ǹһ𳤴ô
ʵڲ£ֱϻʹȷԼΡ
㡢㡢Ҵңҵﶼôң㾹ȻҴң·ϣŹ򳤱Ϸѩ췴ɣûѵ⣬Ϸѩûֱˡ
Ϸѩ֮ȥպ׵ý㶪ԭءǸʱ䣬ýơ
ôĻ򼸰ƶΪ
Ϸѩīһ·ɱ˼פصĺĵش
ȫǸߴĽĲر󡢲¥á峤ȵȶڴˡһʵԺǽΧֻһȴſɹ룬߽ǽвtȥͺһͳǡ
Ϸѩݣʮ𼱵Ĵ峤
ҵȥͨ
ۣϷѩԸԳļ峤
ϼ峤ϲգ
λ峤ѮɫۣһͷѾȾɻҰף𷢴š۵Ҿɱһܹˣ˼õĵҩŵãµ۾
һ˼Լ϶ĻϲȻϲմʱϲδְϲ⣬忪֦ɢҶ˶̫ˣͨ簮
Ϸѩμ峤Ϸѩʩ
˵ҪҡϲɳƵ
峤²ˣ걻ߵϳˣһλˡҲ֪λ˵ݣҼֵӣʵ൱֮ǿԲ֮¡ʱϳλڼפصڣƺ˳ͻ峤ȥ£ִ󣬺شʧ
ǸϳֻˣϲһüɨǣҵѾʴˣȻһǲʶô
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ˣжߣ
ۼָͷɱʮߣ
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㱻ɱĶߣһɱôˣҲǵ֮ȷʵֵӡ
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ãһΣȥһλˣʲô֣
ĴҲֻ֪֪иС̶
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ÿ죡
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ɱ
ѩޣ
һȺϼӵһߺһΧϳеĳǹݺݴȥݺأɷǾˣ
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ಣ
ܼȺ֮նˣһնһ˵ֱۣһƿһ˵ؿڣһһ˵š
Ѫ쭳ˮһȾϳϣΪƽһĨ׺
ҶϣѪҺʱȴ顣
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ԶİУһϵӰԾǽͷüۣңⳡѪսĿⶸȻһ䡣
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Ǹ걻ҸߵϳǿᣬȻֵܹô˵ĽΪڸּпܵССΪϼ֮УҲˡ벻ɨ˸ߵ츳츳ڱϼСϸжá
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ʮ۵жϣϲһ˿ԤУǿԤУܴսϱܹһδѡ
ѵϳĴһλ˻
ϲϼˣȫס֣Ҫٴˣ
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ϼ彫ţҿܣԸ̤벽Ļ϶νһҪҵĵǴߣֻҪһžۣ֤ԺҲϼңǶϳ
ϳԺ󣬼ֻ˵ɨǣùˣҲŰߡ
סڣ˵ˣЩҲںǰҵɨҲãҵҲգûϵҾңΪǵĿı䡣ںֻеֻžۣ˶ѡҳЩûõģֻҪҵųɣʹǶ뿪Ҳǵ鷳
סڣ
ϲձ仰ҭһ죬ʱȻŭ
ϼĵ̣Ȼ˸˵
ž
һϲյĽŵ´ýµשʯѿֳ״Ѻۡ
ϳ˵أ֮ǰȰһϲ˵
˵ˣһжÿʵ˵
һССϳû̸еء
Զһĳű˴ƿһ񻶯˵Ӱлǵľճؼ䣬Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ȻңҾ͸һ˳̸̸ѵ顣ڣĻʥּÿһ㶼
̶ڣƽǻȴ˼㡣
ʵⷬĻҪ㹻ʵһж̸
̶̧续֣յָɱʮǰ㣬Ʋҵһ
䣡
һɿֲĳֱգ꾡ɢúɫƷȥһͶʱ硣
ָ죬Ƽա


46 Ѫͫ
ƾ̶ղ¶һ֣֤ʵ
ϲɫ䣬һ˫۵ɵϴ
֮ǰϳսʱͺܳԾˣʶһ֮еĳԾ羪κһ㣡
ǿ
̫ǿˣ
ܹһָıǿߣ֮٣λ˧Ŀ첻ϲձˡ
֮ǰϷѩ˵Ļ٣ȷʵһλˣ㶯ָͷϼشʧ
ϲǾٳɫǷĸǰȻõ¸߰ͷ­
ֻϷһˣкξ壿ͬսʬɽѪ߹͹ˡκϼҴһˣΪҲţ˼ۼ屻𣬼ȶԲˣҲԲȥڡˣˡ벻걻ߵɨǾȻܽύˣƵϼ峤õͷ
ϲһ̾һѡһԾ棬첽̶·ͣʩ
ϼ峤֪˼ݵʧԶӭˡ
õϼ峤߸ϵİʱȻҲ
ԶǰϼӵͿɵˣʱǴľͺһȺ
ϲתͷЩȵһȺ۵ĶŸʲôؼȥţüϽڳӭͣסڣ͵ǻʵˣ
ȺϼӵŻعҲ˲ʹȥܻؼȥˡع˶ãһ֧ӭͻ
ϲת΢΢ͷڳһǫ̬
ߣ⻹ࡣ̶һ̤ǰϳߣһȥҪûɱȥ֮ɱÿ
ϳ¶һ˿ЦͷҪ鷳㡣
Сһ׮ÿСĽԼʰϵĽʰʡ

˲Уϲ˹ȥϼһ
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ϳˮۿһ֣ȵˣŵƥҪ˾ָյĨǵġ
ϷѲ˲ᣬתͷԹصĿϳɭɭϳ˲ָ㣬ҿɲںЩɱͬ壬ݣǴ˵ǣȻһ㲻٣һ͸ϼôѡͬ嶼ɱ㻹һˣҲϣ峤϶ȫ˸ԣݣ
ϳͶ䣬һȻЦ˵ûУ˵˵ĻҿҪʼˡ


50  ֱ
䣬ϳȻ
һӰϳϷѽǰ̧ݺݱ˦ȥɨƿվ졣
ȣ
似ضһŷ飬οֱ˵ϡ
ϷһҲǰ׸ģǧһ̧֮˫ۣǰۻǰۣȻһۿɼķơ

ϳĺڷ֮ϣСȷ飬ȴδܽơ
ƥе㱾£ûа׻һ͡
ϳӹͷ˫ĿΪ֮һݣڷϵĽΪ֧ţתһֻеĽضٶʩչȣŶƺݺȥ
һ֮һȣһ֮һȣ
ϳһȣ˵ܣ߳ʱһ˷ƣ̶Ϸѵؿڣߵõɳȥ
ϷѵΪڣȥϻҪԸһǱϾ꣬Ϊˣۼʵսϻ
һ棬Լ
ϷѷɳԶײ˽ֶǽϣǽײŻͷվ
ǣɱӻҲɱˣǲǰϼҸϾɱŰݣҽƴˣҲҪΪֻһɱ˶ˣҾͲϼ廹ܼȥϷѽһ漴ȡһǹϳ˹ȥ
£淳ϳü쵶˳׼ӭϷѺݺ䡣һŷ籩εض𣬵˫ǰ
Ϸѱֹסȥƣ㣬Ʈܣͼƹ籩ֱȡϳˡɻУϳֱնڶԵǣ籩÷籩ϯһΣûܱܿ

籩ŭХסϷǲϵϬķи壬ʱѪɽȾֵ
һ߾һĸּߴûл֮
ɢ֮Ϸˤڵأһʣࡣ
ǣҸƴˡϷѪҪȴ߹ϳһŲסݺѹ˵ϡ
ƥҿɲһףʹˣеĳֻҪҲˬմ󣡡ϳ
Ҳûָܶͬ峤СС;ͱţûụ̂Ұ죬ܶʲô
Ҳ֪СʱͱˣһΪءϼҶҲȣǣȻˣֺαذϼҵ£
ϼҰߣҲǳڴֿǣ㱻˵ǣڼһѸô졣Ϊϼˣ͸壬ľؼ壬Ͻ˸ӴⶼΪ˼á
ޣЩѹңʲôƨĴ壬Ͽûֱ˻ҪĴ塣ߵ˲㣬᲻Ȼվ˵ۡĵ޴͸ҸƥһΣ֪֪ҵĵ
ϳϼϷѵȱˡ
㣬ƥҵĵܼ򵥣˭ҺãҾͶã˭ɱңҾͰɱˡıϮңҪȡҵҰɱˣô򵥡ղϣǲͬ壬ҲÿǣòɱͬͷϿۣٸ҆ЩСҰһɱˣȥӡ
ϳ̧һţϷѵϣһݶߵˣƥن¡
ʬǰʧ
ϳһ
ϷԹĿϳһۣ˵ϵʬ壬ײײˡ
ۿӵַõĳϴƨµΪĸӣȸˣ־ö̫Եˡ
ƱۣƱ°ԵһЩδãܶҪ԰Եֶνûõġ˶ϾͲôˡ
°ֹȻ

ϡ
ϳһĸ׵ķ䣬ĸԣǿݵƣĸһҹڼﶺ̫ã˼ͻ뿪Ըϧµʱ⡣
ʱƣһεҹ
ϳ˯ˣſĸ׵Ĵϣĸ׵ֱۡ
ϳи˹ܵԺƺҪ㲻
ϳԺ˲侪ѣ
ϳȻ˫ۣĿںڰһ
ɵСſϳͷһԲС۾Ŵ⣬ΪһöҪϢĽָϰ˰ϳҹ
⣬ԼԿһӰŵţҲ֪˭
ϳϸ˿棬ҹ£һͼı졣
˽ӽ˵أ
ϳ˵νһ˵ϵ鷳ˡټ÷λһԾӴԺУںǰ
һͼذ˫һΣжλεĶǹϳݺݴȥ
ϳǹһ۾˳Цƥ򣬰һ㲻֪ϧȻϴɱңǻζˣ
˵䣬ϳȻε֣ûκαһ־絶еɱУһ˷쵶ļܷϮ
ಣ
ʮһɳγܼĴź˵ͷ¡
˫ǹҲǼΪǿʽ˫ǹʮ׳Ϯϡ
˫ĹڰײϬķԸʤһն䣬µķл˵˺ˡ
ϳʤ׷˺˵ĶԼ֣ŷһţߵڵء
û֣¶ݣȻǰ챧ʬܵǰɥϷѣ
ϷӣǺϳټϰ챻򣬸ǺϼӺޣ˴ɱϳľ͵ʴףûȶ־ͱˡ
ϳõסϷѵţɭȻ㷸һһܴĴɱңһԭ㣬ޣͲԭˡʵʣȻԼҾˣ
ϷԹĿϳݺݵɱɣɱҰɣҲᡭ
ϷѰѻ˵꣬ϳеǰһͣһϷѵ
ѪȾ档
ϳεһ˦Ѫ˦䡣
ľԵͦߵģҳ֣ͰѴ̿͸ʰˡ
һöӺ󷽴
ϳת̶ǽͷϣλŮɱҲע⵽Ǳֻûмųֶѡ
λص͸ͱƵģ鷳һһϳЦ
鷳ţ֤ɱӺȻǸ峤̸һ̸ô׾ͰѴ̿ͷ˽Ҳ̫˵㡣̶
ô£ȷʵ峤̸̸
ϳ۵ͷתǵ档
Ƭ̺ϲձ˽˵ϵʬ壬ʱɫһ䣬ô£
ƥ֪˭ʹܵһ˲Ҹһɱˡ峤ˣ˵¸ô죿ϳ
ϲɫ࣬ϳǨŭ壬æ·ͬСɣһ᳹鵽ףбʹߣϳͲ
⻹

һƥ͵͵ҼҵԺӣ㲻ıʩ̫ô
ԭָð죬ǲʮΧסԺҹأϽڡ
סⲻֻʱĻõģҪﱣҵûȻãһϼи̣һϼᣡ


51 ϼС
ⷬϳ˵νǷʮ㣬˵ûʲôλʵǴͷ
ϲճͷȻ͵ۿ˿ԶȻ̶ﰵпࡣ
ҪǵλˣϼҵӿɾͲùˣ֣֮
ϼ㾡һҲδ˼ҵĶ֣ܾ˵ĽϲҪģԸһЩ˲˫ĺƽ
ģұ֤һϼڲܵ˺飬ٷڶΣϲĵ
ãס˵Ļϳ
ϲչˣİŴ£ʬܿͱˣϵѪҲøɸɾʮ˹ΧסҹѲߣҵʮ˶ڵľӢӵܣΪڸּΪ׵Ķӳġ
ϷѴɱɷϳնɱϢ￪ϼһСĺ䶯
˾̾ϳʵ˶Դ˸е޷޲ƽ
ЩԵϲѡ˼ѹϽ˵ӿڳ
磬ϲյŰݷãΪ峤ȴڳĵ̬
ϳѾˣϷҹǱң˵ΪûаףҲûʹԭ򣬲ԶҾͲϻˡ飬ҿ˰ɡϲ
˴죬ҵҲˣһֱ棬׷ˡϳڰֵ
£һһҪ
˵ɡ
չ͵ϼÿһȵϼСٿӡϼˣϼСӦòİǿСһʢᡣ
ϼСȡ
ʢᣬϳȻİСʱͿüΣֻûμӹѡ
νϼСȣʵϷǳ򵥣һ̨ڶʮϼСԿɲμӡ
ԼʵĵĿԵ̨գвľȥս˭̨Ц󣬾ܵõķǧǰݺݵ¶һ
ϼС֪ôˣϳʵ
ѯһԸԸϼʱٰϼСȣͷͬ⣬ϼСȻٿбҲԸ˵һᾡ˳ϲ
ϼСҹϵҸںԼ޾ˣҡ
ãȻ㲻ںҾԼˡǡ
ţȱߣһ¸˵ϳ
ʲô뽲ϲտ
λǸϷѩһģ·δҶ˴˼䷢һЩͻȻ󡭡
Ȼôˣ
ϳ΢΢Ц˸ĨӵĶ
ϲɫ䣬ѵɱˣ
ϳͷ
ҵ찡ǺãҶҶϼϵɱˣҶҾưոݡϼҵˣҶŭ֮£һܵϼʦҶҸϼҵĹϵһ㣬Ž͹ϵ⵵£ҷǵþѲɡϲռֱš
ģ¨ͱģһ취ƽϼҴ鷳ġУԺٸϷѩʲôƨˣԸ޸˭ͼ޸˭岻ܸ档
ϷѩĻµС£ҶǱʵڲý
˵ˣһܣͱˣÿóԾͳԣúȾͺȣķڶ
ðɡ
ϲ̾һϳֱǻ֮ô鷳һʯǧˣϼҲ֪ʱܹƽ

ȻϳûΪϼСȻҪٿ
ϼ¶ʼΪ½׼һޱȵ䳡ϴ˿̨ʨӡֶӵȵǰˡ
ЩʸμⳡԵСȫĦȭƣڱгͷõһ͸ˡ
ÿϼСȶķᣬȻҲ⣬˵ϲΪһ׼һඥؼΪ൱˵ı
νĹඥؼһּΪؼ̺ؼдߵһ䣬ؼˣֱܹӻݼ䣬ϰеݡ
صǹֱѧŹ
ص似ֱѧ似
ඥٳɣǹඥؼ
ֱӻȡѧϰʽҪͨѧϰʽܹܶ࣬׷
ԲȱඥؼãҲȱݴڡ
ȣඥؼһԵģһξûˡΣ̼ΪѣûʲôԸȥʴÿһඥؼֵǣ
ϲ˸ӣûйⱾඥؼмصݵʲôΪⳡϼС˼ظУҲϼСǵĻԡ

ϼСԼٿ
ܴ󣬴ִ졣
һԲ̨ϼΧܣͷַܶǷǧ
ʢᣬʵڲСϳͬһ̶ܹ֣ûԴȱȱ
һ֮ϲ̨һͷ趯гȡȭ֣˸˷ҾλϼˣϵϵһһȵϼСȣ˼ϼСʵӡһκһڶʮϼСʸμʢᣬ̨ޡ˭̨Ц󣬾ܶõһ÷ĽܵõһöϼĸֵĽơˣϻ˵ԼʵĵСԱ̨ˡ
䣬һ̨ɿ죬˽ýʱϢһЩ˵ĺȲʡ
˶һǼеСϲƽСС;۷Ϊͬǰéе㿴ͷǶϣã
ϼСҪСʱԽ̨Խ󣬲ںıԡҪڣѹʤ
ǰ͵̨յˣΪĶǶڣڶǰ¶һѡ
ϲƽľ˼
չһ̨Ҫգҽڴ˸һ׽λָ̡
ϲƽ˵꣬γԼ彣һľ߹ԵĽƣˣɷǺÿһ
꣬ž͸ʽıˡ
еڶϼС̨ϲƽĴʵ൱ಮ٣ʮغϷŷֳʤϲƽʤһա
ǵ˵̨ʵϲƽ֮ϣϲƽһķɣΪһεߡ
һһıԷĿʼˡ
̨˱ȥ߻һһ
ӵڶСʱʼߵʵһЩСеٮٮ½̨Ϊڸּϣ̨ʸûУһȥͻᱻ
սԽԽңе˰Ȼ׶Ρ
һĵȴõѹֲסеս⣬һ̨ո󾪺
Ͻۣǳˣ
¿кϷˣϽۿСǿ֮һʮͻƵڣȥ˹ھĹھܻܿ
нһСʱ̨ǲ˵㡣
Ͻ۵վ̨ϣɢȻƣκƵɣ͸⡣
ϼ걻Ͻ۵壬ɫ粻
ҪôϽʵ
ϼҧԥһ£ͷҲĶ֣ñˣȰɡ
ʰ·磬ֱ̨
̨ϾʣϽһˣⳡ̨ĳ䳡ʱڣȻûԸ̨ȥϽ۱ԡɴ˿ɼϽ۶ͬ˵жô
Ͻε̨ͲǵΪ˶ڣǱĿġתͷϳڵĿ̨˵棬һ
ϳɸ̨һս


52 ǳ
ʮһټ䳡ڳÿ˵ĶС
˽һ
̨ϵϽ۾Ȼϳս
Դϳعڷһ飬ϻնɱϱƷ̣ǰ峤Ҳɱˡ
ЩķʹϳԼλصѳΪϼҵĽɡ
峤棬Ͻκϳ鷳
ϽֵսΥ峤ľ棬൱Σգֱ𣬵Ǵ󲿷ֵ˲ûоϽдͬ
Ͻ۸ɵúãǸϳʵ̫ˣ֮ɱ˾۸ˣ͸úݺʰһ¡
ϽСеĵһˣϳ̨ˣ̨һᱻúܲҡ
ߣϳһӣҲ̨ġ
һƬȻһĿ۽ϽϣһĿ۽ϳϡ
Ͻ۳ţ»ϲλ峤֪أ峤ȵϽۣ˵˵ʲôأϳμϼСȣ£Իбս㡣
Ͻ۲û峤ľ棬ԹԵĺϳϣֵڶʮ꣬ȻʸμϼСȣûΥ档֮սΪ˵ǰϻԼ峤ϣʵǿ죬Ҽһ£ʵѧ͵͵ȡõʤǳ棬һս֪
Ͻۣ죡ϲռ̨ϽۻӿڳŭϳԼλѡ
峤ֻʵʵ˵ѣѵϼҵ峤֮λѾøϳ˵˵УΪСһʵǿŮˣϼҾҪͷ

ϲ̧ƾҪϽ۴ִ̨
ڹϣһӰ̨סϲա
ô˵˵սսµġ
ϳ
ϳϲգˮĿϽۣһ˹ȥ
̨֮ԣ˴˵Ŀ絶㣬ڰײһ
ϲվԱߣǺﰵ⡣
峤ȥɡֻ̨˾ˡϳͷҲص
ãӦսӦսɡϾҲϼҵˡϲհϼһҧúأ漴̨
̨Ͽˡ
ϳ֣е̨ûǰ㲻áϽ۵
ʲôӣϳƽʵ


ҿǸҪһŮ˵СһƵĻɫûλְ㣬ƨǡ֮ǰɱϻԼ峤ϣ϶ǵλڱ㣬汾¡ңġ
ϳŭЦЦ
Сƣƨǣôʸ
ϳؼ֮һˣϽ۲ʵڣһ綾Ķࡣ
Ͻۣҳλ˱˵İЩ飬ҲûˣġǶԴɣһжףǶôĿЦϳЦ˵
̸СϽ̧֣Ĺ˹ָͷ֤㲻ǴŮ˵ңǹˣƤӡ
Ծڴˣսɣϳߣ죬˵Ȼһ䣬ɢγۿɼɢȾİ
Ͻɫ΢䣬ƺǿ
ϽҲȫɢͬǿƣֿסϳѹơ
ţ˫˫Լıޡ
ϳʹõǷ쵶Լʥףһ֣
Ͻʹõͬǵһͷ
ϳСŵǵγɵĵޣӵеô𶯣ܲٿʯսǵС̡ѡ
֪ˡϳӦһ漴ӦսȷѣŶ湥˹ȥ̧־һ
絶ɨҶ

طУ滮˺ۣ;ʯͺɨҶһϽۺɨȥ
úãϽ۴һеŭն£˵𵶵Ч
ǰĵ淢һ죬Űεضγһǽڣƽȵĵס˴ĵ
ϳһɣչ׷̧ȣݺ£һɰصס
ǣǣ
رѣŶǰǽ顣
һӰӴʯһԾȻϳԾеĵ˳ƻ䣬ʩչһΪնİԵ
һӵ֮ƺȻ£ֱϳ
ϳܣֱӳӲ˷쵶Ŀұ죬죬һáһεض˺ϱ֣֮Ϸĵײһ𣬽ɡ
ʲôϽ۴һϳһԶԶ
䣡
Ͻ۾Уķȼ·ͷ

Ͻ۴һһͷųۻͼΧƣȴδܳɹ󣬶̶Ϣ䣬Ȼصˡ
ֱһЩϽŻͷĳ˳ڰҷǡ
ӭϽ۵ǵͷһ
ϳһֱ·Ͻۣһ˻ϣӵʹˮ
ϽۿŵһһҪȻˣ֮ǰˣӰķӦԼٶȡ
ۣ
貣Ѫ졣
һϱѪɳʧȥһ۵Ͻ۲ҽ档
ϳҲ˳£ʩչȣ̤Ͻ۵ϣ˾ԵһϹ֮Ͻ³һѪЩֻʣһϢд档
֮ǰݵţʱȴ˽¡
һϣһ£涨
ղ˵ˣǳһս֪ڿǸǸ档ԲѷҪһֱͽ䣬ΪﲻһСΪɱϻԼϷѾɱ֮򲻵ѣҲϲɱˡ
ϳӸ£˵
Ͻۿͷŭ裬ʣʹ࣬ͬʱҲһ飬ϳ˵İŻɱϻԼ
ŪµĴۣϽ۶ԣʵ̫һЩΪҵĲҰܡ
Χ˿һĻȫ𾪲ѡ
Ͻ۾Ȼˣ
ȥϼСȹھСһеٮٮߣ
󲿷˶ΪϽۻʤ̨ϽϳܣΪȥϻԼϷѳһѪܵʵ·һǰƣݺ˦ǵϣǴѡ
Ͻ۲ˣҰܵúܲҡ
ܹŵģֻһš
ձǧĵɨǣѾɳΪ˳͵
ʵ츳㲻κˣҲո¶ͷǣΪ֮Ծŵһ
ʵǰӽԺϼҲϳʵܶ˵ͣԱˡ
˵Ͻ۱̧ȥֻʣϳ̨ϡ
ϳ֪ԼܼǰˣˡۏˮμⳡϼСȣֻ밲ȵĿ֣û粻ֹӲ̨
Ȼˣֺαȥ
յĽϳҲҪġ
˭Ըһϸ£
ϳ̨ʡ


53 ȭ
䣬һӰ̨ŭվϳ档
һʮͷ꣬úǽ׳һ⣬ɹ˹ͭɫ
۾һ㡣ղűϵһ۵ϽҵǣҵʵҲ̨Ϊ𣬷ͶԲЩĽ顣׳
㡣ϳ΢΢һЦ
СӣղŵսҴͷβ֮ӮϽۣΪǿΪıޱãӮġ׿޲̸Ͻ۵Ķ֡
֮ǰλǿ˰˵̱ޣֻҪӮ˾Ͳԣǵ˲ǶԵң
֤Լܼ򵥣ҳֿȭһˣû۾Ƶ
۾ü̼ϳܹϳһⲫսʤʹˡϼСУȭŹǿģûκܹȼ硣
۾ԲٻıһֱģһյϳƣûкʵıޣֻܿȭŹ򣬹ʴⷽʮ졣
ⲫս۾Լʮģ
۾ڴע֮£ϳ赭дĴӦãҾһ£ֿȭһκαޣķڷ
ãǸʹˣ۾ϲ
ΧⷬԻ˶ֻġ
ϳҪùˣȻҸ۾ƴȭţȭŵĻС֮û۾Ķ֡
ſϷɡ۾һأϳǵöϸ첲Ȳɡ
ϵźãһֻù˵ɨǣԴʼ˶£ЩѶġ
ύһλĸ֣ϼ֮أ
츳ٸߣʵǿɨǾɨǣ
۷׷ף󲿷ֵΪɨ£ټЩɱ֮йأϳ̬ǳ⡣
֮ڷ·κˣĻ̨ϵ꣬ȴ˿·ȻĽʯ
ҲᶯκαޣɡϳںʽһЩҷ緶
Сӣаɣ۾һºȻӳȭͷ׼ϳȫȥ
似ȭ
һȭ·ڵʮ㣬֮ȭҪȭͷȥʯҩö֮ȭͷմȾһɻ֮ȥĻҩζÿλȭУζɢ
㲻καޣһȭҲ൱ǿ
ʯ֮䣬ϳ֣ת似Ԫ֣γһӭϮȭͷ
ȭཻ۾ֻԼ·һشŵ޻ϣȻ˽ȥ֮ʣϳеȭͷͻȻ˹Ƶæֱ۸񵲡

ϳȭͷעԼ˵ܣ۾ͷһЩˤŶԷվȣʩչȣԾ𣬽ƺɨ˹ȥƿ֮

һŻ۾ֱۣڽˣһ൹ȥ
۾ֱЩ߶ϣзκˣϳǿᣬȭŹͬǿᣬܹ⹥似ʵ̫ˡ
ڲ˵ʱ
۾֮ǰһڵϣʩչһ似ͼŤתơһ㣬͵ط˫ڷ߳γһ硣
ϳˣδ۽ȥϵı任ʽȵվԭأ˫һƳʩչ󻯵ĻԪ֡
һŴŵѸٳͣͷųǿ۾߳ľȫ˽ȥɾ
۾ע⵽ϳеܵĸоһ˿ΣգһֱǰȻ˺˵뷨Ѿˡ
ɡ
ϳУеȻĳǿǯס۾жʹ޷ܿһУֻӲıһкʵʵ
ͼ·ް˺۾£ŻƤ⣬ʱѪɡ
۾סãˣűһɣˤ˵ϣ
ʤѷ֡
ܶ˶뿴ϳ̨ϳԿһա
ϳǰսⲫսȫǳǿ
һϼСе̳ϳϣ˶У¾ûʲôϳĶˡ
츳ʵʵھˣ
鲻ԽһʣϳɨǣһֱڼзչڻɳΪʲô
ǰΪǲǴʧһλǣ
ⱾһպΪˣǰȴ֮⣬ԭ򣬾Ȼһԡ
ǺεȵĻ
ϳһ򵹵ص۾Ϊѳͷһ㣬һ֣ĻܵԶֹˡ
л顭һ¹һ£ѣҺ㣬飬Ҳм㡣۾Ӳվ
ԹҸˡ
ٿңôңȻǶͷ
۾һ³
սϼ˿ϳʵҲϳΪ˴һЩ׼
ϳƺһıߣڲͬĵˣ費̶ͬȵĴãɱϣˣȫμ
ڵͷѪ߶ԣһܿɹƷʡ
һЩϼ˸ı˶ϳĿһЩŮˣ̨ǿ˸סˡ
½мϼС̨ϳսЩһ⣬ȫսܸա
ϳǿƴ̨ĻԣԸ̨ԭԽ١
Сʱʱڵˣͭࡣ
Ĳ񣬱μϼСȵϳȴ̨Ц󣬳Ϊյʤߡ
ϲһôûִϳõһϳ֮Ĺϵ
Ϊ£ϳԼλΪ̶ĸ֣һҪ취޸ɵѺ۲С
һĻʤϳϲմ
ΧϡϡƵľȻԼеŮӾӶࡣ
ϳܣȻǸļĻᡣ
Щﻰ˵
Դһصȷʵ˲鷳ԸһֻΪ˸žۣǻ塣֮ǰɱϼˣһȫȡ֮Ǿȡֲҡ
ǰɨسţһˡľˣҲ㣬㱨ϼ塣Ͼһд֣ܲΪЩ˸ԼļԡֻҪ岻ңԺҲѼ壬ϣλԺΪѡ
˵ɨǣѣֻ޻̸֮СɨʣԺҲϣҲѣôڻᣬı䲻ʲôǼ֮ұ֤еĵΪϼҿٳһǬ
ΧһƬžϳ˵ⷬ˲ˣһ䣬Ϊġ
ϳ츳Ŀãǰ;޿֮ɳֵز˭Ҳ˵׼
һǿǿֻҪðһλǿߣܴʢ
֮ǰܶ˶ϳˣ޷ͬղⷬı˺ܶ˶ĿʶĽͬѪס
һ˵ƽǸֱ糱
һ֮ղŶ˼
ʤӦеĴ
ϳ΢΢һЦӽԺҲ˵
ղŵĻ˵áϳǸĽŰɡϲЦ߹ݹĽС


54 鳲
ϳӹдһһװһؼپۻд鳲֣һװһӲӵĻ£Ͽϼ֡
ֽؼʵʵڣ¾ֻһѣֵ̫
鳲ʲôؼϳóؼʵ
һźǵؼ㡣ϲմ
˵һඥؼ֮һӾѧĶ
ȷʵǹඥؼֱһмУҲżȻá
һŵһŵϣŵʧ
ϼСԲϳʤգϲҲգϲҲգý

ϣԲɢ¹⡣
ϳڵϣֳ鳲ؼ׼̺ļ䡣
Цվſڣӻչзʲô⡣ԴϳϼСȵĵһ;û£һֱЦ⡣
ۿϳ̨֮ϣڶе꿡ܣ´еԺ
ĸӹ󣬸ֺγˣ
۵ĶгϢﰵ
ڡ
ϳעеؼϣԼȥ·һ磬ַ·һͨѧĴšһɷḻļ䣬йص鳲ݡ
ɲǣЩصϳԺУ·ඥһ㣬ӲԺһĨȥļ䡣
һӰճ磬
ܵߵḶ́ôһУôһѨλͻƣ
˵еİһɣһѹء
һɲ꣡
̶һɲǣϳеӰصһѧĵ鳲Կ˼֮С
ϳ۾ʱоһâ
þĵģϳϲ
Сӣ񵽱ˣ鳲ҽ絶Σʵ
絶ֱֱȥ鳲ӵ꣬˷ʤ
絶ǿһҲϾСʵֻѡһĵѧʵǿе㿴ͷˣԽһЩĵˡҵĵǵ񣬾ֵͨҸŶĿȾѧ˺ܶ࣬ⷽνмңܽĶء
ǣԺ󻹵ÿүָ㡣
ӿɽҲ
ϳЦЦᶫݣǸ״к˵Լճɹˣ˿տԺУ׼ʩչһѧĵΡ
ϳԺվϵıȻ࣬򱳺󣬴Ӱٱϻг˷쵶һ֣Ȼ
ಣ
գ֮䣬ϳ˷յһĶ
еĵ׷һ֣似Ψ첻ƣ
ֻпܷΪĹƣõ⧲һ
żװΣǵֻɱˣ
һ͵ı䵶ɳɵʮ״ʱͻȻӲĹһ䣬ŵ˻ն˵ϣնһĵۡ
鳲飡
鳲ľڣŵĵ̺֮ɾɳȥ֮󣬻ܽתۣͻȻɱһǹõ˷ʤ
ҲǷΪֵܶģֱ֣Լɾ
絶ֱֱȥõ
Ƚעصףõǰ
鳲ܹ·תػأõɾ
ͬŲͬʩչɡ
ϳѧ鳲ǶһŵҲ˳˰÷ࡣ
ղһֻСţĻں档
ϳƮȣз쵶նĿϾӣÿһγնһ
ɢɳְ·ɻأڿ˸ۻҡ
Щϳľƿ£նڵϣڵնһĺۼ
նԶ¿һĻɵΪ֮գ̾ĵ
¿ó鳲൱ĵϳΧѾΪأһͻΣա
ĺľϳͣյ
ʹ죡ֹඥؼʵ̫ˣȻֱӾѧ鳲ݼϾģõĻǺܴ죬ٸҸ죬һܰŵڻͨաϳЦ
ඥѧϰʽȻܿ죬Ҳǰµļ֮󣬻ҪһСʱӦ˲ʹָ
ޣһˣңȥóԵģŤȥȥ׼ҹˡ
£һͬҹϳᵽЩһֱů

һһϲһҳ
ͬʱңԶҶϼפء
峤ѾȫˣɱҶӵ˽ϳϼˣʱδϷѩҲһԡҶҵĶӣΪҶϼĵϵԱϼҵɱҶϼ壬¾ưոݣҪǸϳΪҶӳҪǸϷѩҶӾ飬Ҷᣡ
Ҷ׹ڵأͷײһѱһĿţ˵Ҫɱϳ֮ʱ׹⡣
Ҷ峤˫֣վڶ棬һ
ҶӶǵϵλ峤ѪԵϵǳϸҶҪһ̫үү
ϵɱҶ峤Ȼŭ
ϼҲǵΪȻɱҶҵˣЩϵͲãֹܶβ죬޸ҵĹϵû뵽ȴ¡ҶһԣκһҶ˵ѪܰģһģҾʹżеľԱȥϼҪ˵ϼܸһĽ취ҲͰˣܵĻ
Ҷ峤˵΢΢˫ۣϵһϷķİԵơ
ϼ޷λ峤⣬϶£ᷢս
սҲһʢ

ϼС֮ϼӭһ¡
ٹϲյٳˣպʮ֪꣬ͣһεٳԵǷעҪٴ졣
ϼºܶ˶Ϊæµţȴ֪ϳǡøϲͬһ졣ϼ˻Ϊ峤٣ȴΪϳһС٣Ȼġ
һٲ֪ϳգ˵£ٱ˵̶
ʱϳԼգ˵⣬̶
̶һֱӣ֪ԼϳദѾԽԽˣϳ֮Ͷ뿪λѷֵ
´ټ֪£пҲ޷档
ϳ£ܿͻ̶˵ƮȻȥúܡ
ϳĿŰеٻӰнԶҲ֪Էȥʲôȥ£ΪܲС
صģ֪㵽˭ŪٻʮҲˡʮòе࣬ǻһɡ
ϳԸ̡
̶һ·ɣûöñԭϼפأһ·ѰѰ٣һƵĸɽɵĵɽ
ɽͣʯ̶֮⣬ˡ
ɽۣ²һɫ漴촽һĺХ
ȣ
էһҰ޵ĺϸϸͻ̺ᷢһЩĽࡣ
⺰ʵһְţֻһĳԱܹ
֮ǰ̶⵽ӡôĺȴˡ
̶죬ԼĺȺɽصĿ΢
ô꣬Ҳ֪ŻܲãһҲвǾͿЦˡ
̶


55 
˶С
ԶԶ֮һһ˵ڸǽӢսĹ£ͷϣΧĿȫš
λӢۺֳŲͬıޣһͬʱ˷ضΪ֮𶯡ⳡս˾Եʱ̣ʤڴһ١ף
˵˵;Ȼֹ¶֮ɫתͷ˴ڡ
һһ
ϣɡ
ಣ
ɳڣƲȺϴĿˣգۼʧӰ١
Ŀ˶ɵˣҶΪֻͨ˵ˣȴû뵽ز¶Ȼһ֡ղգۼڵٶȣǵ֮
Ȼа

һط
ǵΣΪɭϵĵΣڴˣŵĶͷʹﷸЩﷸﲻȴֲܷųȥûһܽʡġ
һͷɢз˿ǽϣϢʵȴڰںƾİ糱
һХ޵Ĵз˵ĶУȻ˫ۣоէ֡
Ƭ̺Ϊܵĵαз׹ƣһҲûסĽŲ

һƬŨܵɭС
ƮɢɫŴĶȥٲȻһƬأ
˿ֲĵطȴһСľݡ
һŮͻȻľзɳһɫԼٶȱԶХʱʱ֡
ˡ
һȺȶԶԶȥͺһɫҳϵĸŮӱ
˵ˣзˣŮȥĶͬһ򣬲ðͬ뷨
Ǹʧ˼ʮĴˣ

ɽۣһ¼Ŷ޵Ӱڴˣͺʯпһ̺졣
̶ӵãһӰҰԼٶȴɽ˸
һ˵ˣ̶һۣȷ̶ݣ󼤶ѵĵϥأ˵μ£
£
ǶԹӵĳƺ̶֤ϵĸ߹󣬵ҵĹҳԱпûһ
ˣɡ̶һ̧֣ԡ
л¡վͷʵһ䣬ЩȥΪʼûܶ꣬һֱûҵ
һѾЩ걻˸ӡˣֱŽ⿪ӡػɡ
˭ô󵨣
²ܣбԸ
кηԸܽСһհ졣
֮ҵһλѹգϣȥ٣˳һﲻ̫ãҲ̫
򵥣λ˭
ϼ壬ϳ
һͬݵ˵õͬҪΪϳزʶ˺٣׼һݺ
̶ݺ̫Ҳ̫̫ˣ׸ϳǻ̫ˣԲ⡣
Ϊ׼˿ڿ˼

Ҷ
ּɿҶϼĵ̡˵ؾϼפزԶ۵Ļ̶һСʱɵִ
ƽҶ򣬴ʱȴ͸һɱ֮⣬Ҷҵľ
һլԺҶ峤ҶϣڸҶĸ̸
峤㲻˵Ҫȥϼָ˵ôΪͣҶĸʵ
ٹ͵ϲϹգʮ϶ٴ죬ʱʦһͿȻҪʰϼңѡϼϲӶ֡Ҷ
ߣʵǸߣ峤ܵҶĸ״ϲ
ߣɱҶҵĵϵһһҪϼҸۣ֪֪ļУҶҲǿʢģ
һսϼһѧβ˵ġ
ҶﻹҶĸףںݲϼ飬ģΪһʮþȵ顣
ЩҶϼ巢չȷʵһߣԼߣսߣҰҲ֮ͿһֱԾԾԵ׼ŵ̡
Ҷɱ£ҶҴŵĿںţʦ

ž
ϼפǰȼ˱ڣ죬һȺСƨŶ䣬űɵЦ
ϼ峤ٳһϲӣŵƽʣأ֡ڹǾϯͲ֪˶ÿһ϶ǷʢƼȡ
½һЩϼפأǰΪϲպ٣ÿһжźвһЩ
Ŀݸͬ̾ʲô˶Сϰ֮߹ٸ֮ǰ췹ԵҲ֮
˾ſڣԼǼǡ
ԴͬݵĿˣ˾Ȼǲ̬ͬȣҲ֮顣
ԶԶģͼһ֧˼˾ǵĸ߶ȹע
ˣ
ɵúúдʧ
ɱǰΪ׵ŵĲһͷݵıޣʨϻĸߴףżס
˾ǹӭϹϾѯȺٱݡ
Ʒ𣬽ף١Ϊ׵Աš
ԣ˾ɫһ䣡
˵Ӱ𽫾쵱رǿµĵɽ
ڵľ׷ΪƷһƷͣƷΪߡطľ٣Ʒ㶥ˡ
ôıͣλ𽫾Ϊ
𲻽ݸߣΪҲܸߣѴﵽ𼶣óըը޴սзЧŴ˴
轫룡ȥͨ峤֪ˣһܸˣ˾ǹӭڣܴߵȥˡ
Ƭ̺ϲһȺ˹ӭǴЦ⡣
轫Ϊף٣ʵܳѾΪ׼λһҪʹ󱭡ϲЦк
Ϊף٣һüͷϼҸô֣ѵΪ٣
ǰҵٳȻΪҹ١
ˡֱԣҽʵΪ˸һף٣Ǹף١Ȼˣ˳Ϊףٺˡ
ϲϵЦݶʱסЩҲסԶܵڿ˵ףٵģȴǸλ峤ף٣ĸİѲҲģ
֮ǰ˵ôˣԭǳģ̡
轫вΪ˸ף٣Ϊ˸ףأϲζʵ
ϳףٵġֱֱȥĴ
ϳ
ûϳ
ϲյԽһԭҲϳգ
ԭԶΪ˸ϳף٣
ϳһ꣬Ӷû룬ȻôӣõƷף٣ʵڲ˼顣
˶ɵˣ֪Ǻá
ϳںδҹȥɡߴٵ
Ŷõģ룬ʹȥϳϲջعæǰ·
ӺƺƵĽϼפء
ϲմһɨע⵽һС
òҲ֪һ׸ϳûλ峤ʲô£


56 
һ˽ϼ壬һЩʱ䣬ҵϳ
ʱ˿̣ϳһȺϼͬһϣϵľƲˡۼһ֧ӱϳԼΧ˶ǲ졣
轫λҪҵϳϲ
´ϳۣȴûϳϷʲôر֮ʵ벻ͨλλĵ£ôһλ곶ϹϵⲻҪģֻҪȥɡ
첽ߵϳǰһȭϳСѣμ棬ҽһ£佫𣬽չΪ˸٣ף㸣綫ٱɽһСС˼ɾ⣬Цɣ
˵꣬㽫ее˹ȥ
ϳûȥУȻĿЩͷԡ
ĸİ
ϳǽղ٣ʶǰҲѹû٣Ȼðһİ˸ȻЩֲ
ۿϳ˿ЩˣҪǺ°ˣλ¹ɵ
ϳСѣҽչĸ٣һֱ棬£Ͽҵ
Աߵ˿һĻⷬԻ쾪°ˡ
찡
ǵĶûɣ
õƷ𣬾Ȼϳ
ϳ˵óϿңһЩУŰн˹
ϵת˽䶫˶ߣϳСӣһ̶ѾͷŵģͰ°ɡ̶ʵɲ⣬ͷԲСһͷ˹׾١
˵ӦΪϳͬ͵ܿ˿ȴδ̶ܿӰ
ϳУ˿°һףЦϳСѣװƵһըΪ֮󣬿Իɱµߣԡûбı£ͻС㲻Ҫ
ըıνԶƵը޴󹺶û·һЩը̷Դγá
һöܹըߵըľƷ֮ˣֵ֪ΪöϹء
˿е񣬶¶Ľ֮⡣
زʶ轫Ȼôصҵϳ֪ʣվ˵˷׻
һҲأϳС뾡¡Ҳ
ȻǸϳٵģȻҪϳͬϯϲճ˰ţһϯΧ˵ͳͳǲɢΨϳԼˡ
һ£ⲻŵϳ棬ϳһ͡
ȣһ͵Űݷá
峤պ޳˵Ҫϳ٣һϼӵܷɱ㱨
ϲɫһ䣬в졣
޳׿һλˣʵǿΪа׽͸Ϊɫ԰ףϲ£ͺ˵еĹ޳ʴʹº޳ӡ
ϳϵ޳ӣϲնϳʵ
ϵáϳҡҡͷ
£ôһЩ㲻ϵõ˹٣ѵ˵ϲһͨ˹ؼӦλΪ̶ĸŵģ
ͨ˽ڣϲҲȻˣ˳ӭ
Ƭ̺޳Ȼͺһ޳
Ϲӣ˵٣ףأףƽƣΪͽбһݣı´ģЦɡ׽һ˫ַϡ
ⷬͿӣʵڸаɱ·ìܣ˻ǲ޳ӡ
ϳӹЦŻ񣺡л޹»ʵʳ
͵ıʯԺ㶨ôָе
Ǵ˵ñһӴﵽɳ޵ʯϳһ㶡
ǡ׵ͷ
ϳһǺöֵղöֻ߲͡
ʯһϡеʺϸֱɣ֮ñֱͻƵɳޣ
ͨ𣬿ûЧ
ϳǰֻ˵ʯû뵽гһֵܹõһ顣
ﲻǸķˣսһֻޣԶٿϧ˵㡣ȱǸϵı޳Ը㡣̾۽磬ʯǺö
Ǻöοˣ
Χ˶þ۵ССС
ͣݺȻǸʼѡ
޳ûãһƮȻ
һŮӣϴɴò¶˫ӦŮ˫㣬ûдЬӣȴ˳Ⱦߵﶼɸɾ
СŮΪϹӺ١
ŮԱţ顣
˺ÿֺֺȴһ

ʦΪƳôºţλɲడ
˵һΪƳ棬һǧ˶˲ƳĻĵϣֻʮ˻
аôϼ壿
С߲ơ
ΧȺʶͶ˾衣
ȴܵûˣĿΨϳϣΧ
һ٣һλа޳ӣͷβŮħͷðˡȺ˸Ӵŵˣ쾹ȻΪͬĿһá
ϳ˵¼ǲȷǷʵ˼ǹٵģܾܲǧ֮⡣
ͬϲͬϲԶǿͣϳк
Ȱ͸˵ҪãЧۿۡһжһֻɫķֳӣͺһֻɫĲϡ
ȻһֹƳ档
ƳЧ˵ġ
˶ڹƳȻĿ־壬һɫƳ棬׷׺ˡ
ϳûкˣüͷԷȻԹƳΪôգҲʹùƳ㲻ԸʹãҲƳҲã㲻ûԼҧòʧ
ƺϳĹǣЦ͵ֻƳ棬ǹƳĶֻƳΪƣܹ˵ˣһ˸ɡҸոһߵǴ֮ݾۻڣ֤ΪһǧһءģʽէһѪȿֲʵϰһǳİȫλѣҾҼӺ㡣
ⷬ˵Ƶᣬȴһ˲飬ֻƸոһ˵˿϶Ѿˡ
൱һ
ϳ۽ǳ˳飬ڿʼЩйĴˣλȷʵаţƵаˡ
һϾϳǰаջǲգ
յĻʵõȲСʽ١
յĻһδûᣬпܵλԷһ⡣


57 ҶϮ
ϳ᲻ѵʱ򣬶ˣȰСӣԥˣ̶ڣҼӺġ˵ȷʵЧѸʵʽаһ㣬ҲûҪ̸֮ɫ䣬ʵûʲô˵ġһǴʥˣںô㼱ʵȥȡڤ컨ʵʲôȥȥ仨ôĸףģСģǾͱˡ
ⷬãǾĸ´ϳߡ
ԣҪǿֶεıǿ
ǺֶΣֻҪ˵ߣԽܡ
ϳһᣬ˵л֪Ҫܻе
ϳ̶ʱھͽƣ˫¶һ˿֮ɫЦܼ򵥣Ѹ첲¶ҰƷĸ첲ϣֻƬ֮̾ܽڵעڡ֮Ҫ䵱߶ΪͿԼˡ
ͦ򵥵ģǾˡϳұۣӣ¶˸첲
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쳹ŵؼ䣬һһ񱼡
ϳϣϼӿٶȣҪƥܶ졣
ƥһΪƷıԣëûһë缲磬ǧҪϺܶ࣬ȫۣǧò
ϲ֪ϳҪԶУƥ͸ϳֺõ˼
ƷﲻʢԽԽ죬ϳ磬о̶ץԼʱĸо
ܾܣܾܣڡ
ߵԶΣо泩죡
ϳЦ
еյվȻھַںţ·кܶѡ
ϳеͼ֪ߣûѡ·ѡһԶ··ǡþɽ׼ȥǿһۡ
ڤ컨ɽϡ
仨ϳڱصá
ȻĿǰò仨Ȳ̽һǺõġ

ɽ
򻮷ݿشΪλ󣬹оŸͳƾݡ֮дССϰٸڶĳԼأڴӾͶţëˡ
λɴ˵ڣĸʢɽ֮Զ
ɽɣΧȺɽ֮ߵһɽһɽС֮ƣɽ죬ɽңɼ
ɽվ棬ɫ׳ʥء˵ɣµĳˢ֮ûˣһЩż
ǧ֮أڤ컨ĵرҲ֡
꣬ڽԶ
ɽֱӦþǴ˵еɽ˰ɡ
ϳִĿ
·Ʒܵÿ죬ͨʮҲδܵ
ɽɽƽǰʵϻкԶһ·
ϳǰУǰ·һ̯㺰ٶȣ׼ȿڲЪЪȣ˳ƷԼڲݡ
˲̯ǰϳ
̯شؾ֮ۼ˲ٵˣ⻹㲻һϰλææȥ
СףԼȥԲݰɡϳİĲӡ
СΪƷȡ֣һ·Ͻ˲°ٻأͨԣѾƺ
ҲñǣţС׻УԼܵ·߳Բȥˡ
ϳڻƵк˸λ£˲ˮģһ߳ԺȣһŶΧǵ̸׽йɽֻƬ
Ȼɽؽˣɽܻ֪Щʲô
ԶϵĿǸ̸ۡ
ɴܣ꣬Դڤ컨˷ɽû̫ƽһˣˡ
ǰɺЩ̵ģ·ﻹԶߡ
ҲаѾռˣϽɽͻᱻɱ
ߣ߿˾ͻᱻɱǿߵɽڻǹԹõڰѳɽĿɲֹһҡ
꣡㲻Ҫˣ˵ֻҪǱڵˣڣ
ǺԼӿڳ֮ǰ˵ѹĳ˽˺ǵ̸ˡ
ϳ²豭ɽĿǰƶ˼˽⡣
֮ǰ˵ȷֵڤ컨ȿ˴˵ز档
һ֮һܸԼھƽƽΪʵ۰Դ˵أͱһ߿ˣ
ڤ컨ʱڿƣԺ˵׼ˣ˭ܳΪӵߣܼ֮
һĻʵ̫øڵģʱȻһ
ϰ壬ǲǮ
ϳöͭҷϣڣС׻˹ɽķȥ
ڣȥǣҲǲ
ǰһ·һɽƣͻ뿪ĵǰھַںš


61 ɽ
ϳǰУǰɽ𽥷ŴԽԽϡ䣬ܹɽƮŵģԼһЩӰ´¡
ǰߣͼɽ֮ĽһƬĽΪܼģܿһ˸˸Ź⡣
ɻɣڤ컨ڵأԲŻô෿ӣ˽硣
ϳס̧ͷң΢΢۾
ڵֻԶԶĿһ۰ˣ˵ᣬС
ϳип
ʱһ֧Զһ򳦲·;˵أӽϳ
֧ʮˣȫűޣΪһ׵꣬һŹͷϵͷһӧ߸űЩ˵ؿȫͼɵĻռǡ
ڵˣ
ϳתͷ֧飬һ۱ע⵽»ռǣЩ˵ݡ
ǲ𣬶ϳһõ·ߡ
ڵĶ鱼۶ûаϳΪﲢǽڹ滮Ľһξ룬˵ҲԿ
ǵ֧ϳܹȥʱһ˺Ȼע⵽ϳ˵ϳµСס
ףƥƺƷΪ׵Ĺۼ⣬һϳС׵Ʒ֡
Ʒϡ٣Ʒִľ͸ˡ
ǰ֮ˣڸ䣬֪ƥƷı
ƥƷˣ˵Ҳң
סȻͣסתͷһһ۵ĴϳµƷɵ޵ƷëɫǼܸߴ䣬ǿβë޳һǴֵƷͺСһǸճɲá
ϳһ㶣û뵽˵Ϊ߾ȻͣСסȻԷڿȴһֲĸо
СӣƥҿˣҽвڣںĵӣƥңҽΣͻ˵֮͸һӰȻ
ԼڵĺĵӣڵλߣټѾڰռΪһʹİͷƷԹԷϣ
Ǯ
ȻҪǮֻò̫ǮҴһҲˡ
ΧڵӲµ˲ڵ⣬¶ֻЦݣϷʵĿŶϳſϥĺϷ
鲢δԤϵչ
ƥϳƽ
ţ˵ʲôɫ䣬˫ü¶ŭ⡣
˵ˣƥһá
Сӣʶ̧٣˻ǴܻóáҸӣŸ˵ɱҪԹ԰ƥңǽԴϲݹ飡
ǺǣΪõжô˲ԭȫˣ˺öҲˡϳЦԷűŻҲԷԷͷϿ۸ñӡ
ĴǺںģµĵȥˡ
ڤ컨ͬڤ컨֮߾֮쾭塣֮ǾоˣߵĸȻͬ
ڰռڤ컨ܵκָ𣬻ܵǵĴһƥĻȥǵñ˴ǲɡ
һСС󱲣ȻڣıӵǴڳ϶УȫҾ嶼ܵǣüȣԱߵҲȺʶ
ͼ˵ĶǲɲĹڵ㣬ҡһʺһǿʺϳ
ڣң
ӿΪΧͬҲɢΪͬͣûһǰ׸ġ
ߣƨڣҿǽˡҪҵܹھֵˣǣϳȡ֮ǰ֣˷õСΡ
ھΪһڲͬϳȻȻǿֶο⣬ԲЩ˱ϥ
ڵ˿Сϵͼɫ΢䣬Ȼ˼ּɵʱ˶ֵͷ
һתͷ
˵Ĳ˵绻ֵɣһʲôӣҲվסţڱץסѱ
߾ڶϺһһתСӣҲ˭Ҳ㱳һȻΥڵĽ͵ܵͷڵĵ̣Ͻ˵ȿôߣɱۣ㴥ڵĽҵڵȻҪ㣡
Ǻ˵˵ǹٵͨϱǱߵɽٻʮ·ڽصķΧ֮ڡپ٣ƷԼŽˣײҵϳһͨڿ֮࣬Ųڵ񱥺ӡ
ڵķζըˣһ˾ȻҸа壬ϰƥƷԹϣ˵˲
ڵıмһɱڵĻСӣ
䣬ڱ֣ӰٱϻгһǴעУ׼ϳݺ˹ȥ
ǴǸԴԲģȿˣҲҧˣ

Ǵƿնƾ죬Ȼ򵥣ʮ㣬ΪԵ
ͼذ˺ǻĽҰ⣬ɱҲû˭ֻ֪ҪϢ𴫳ȥû¡
ϳһֱȺڵˣע⵽жӦԡסڼ̵ʱ۳һ׼Ǵȫһġ
䣡
ǴϳӲײǿ񱩵ţ뺣øɸɾ
ϳԼӶڼ䲻ݷ֮ʷȥ
֮ǰСΪټʵߣ˴ϣѷߣ
Ǵɿƿ񱩵ȥֱڵţŵæƫͷܡǴҿգǹƲȻ÷˳ȥգۼɳȥüʮףײ˼ô
Ա֮ʩ
ֵ͹ȥϳ
λۿŲڷ˳ȥһȫһ˭ҲûϵڻԿһͱˡ
Ҫ֪ڿȺ˵ʵǿˣǺĵӣֻǴһŵӡ
ݣ
ϳϣһô˻񱼣һ̵˳ȥ
ʱܣʱ
Ҳ˵ܴܲôˣܴҲûΪڵĵ̣˼ҵĴ󲿶ӾڸĸϹһȺСɾûˡ
ηǿȨһ£Ѱ·һ£ϳĺ
СҪܣ׷
ڵˣܷŹ
ܣ
һȺڵӷӦ׷״߲߿µϳ׷ȥ
һ׷սʹչ
ϳµСײǱԣٶԸʤһЩܵûҪ죡
ǴɵĲײʮͣճһ֦ҶԭݵǱˡ
СӣһҪɱ㣡Ŀѣһ˱ޣȥһ·׷ϳ˦ĩβһ׷һ߳ǰĻҡ


62 
ڵĵһ׷һ߽չԶһֳű޹ĵӹΪϬ
Ǹּģܹÿ۳Ϊʸļʸһ
ಣ
ӶеĴϳ߷ɹȥеոϵʥף׻ǵñ䴩ɣ
ǲеģְ취Щ׷
ϳһҧ˳
仯Ϊ̬ſɫ˫ڿնһȦȺ׷ܣƴ
Ⱥ׷֮ϳ˷
޷񣡡
Сģֱ޺
˭ܷɵıޣϽͷųȥԿ
ڵӼ˷ųԼıޣһǹӥһǱޣͷ޶ܷУƷߣΪּ
ܹеı޺٣߼ķб޾͸ˣ˭ӵеġ
ͷ޷ɵǰֱһȳʩչ˷ʱֱأڵ·룬ɳʯס׷ȥ·
ͷŷУ׼ڵ˹˹ȥγǵصܼƵȺæң޷
ͷбޣҲδܰѷôսһϵġ
һͷޣȻסôˡ
ϳô˻ᣬ׷֮ľ룬ԽԽԶ
ʹһȺ˲ܣת׷ˡ
ڵĶ׷һСʱֱϳӰˣֵĺ޺գ׷ˡ
ûҧгݵСӣ㣬ǰƤ˲ɣ
ٵ֮ϡ
ϳ񱼣ʱʱĻͷֺ̳ʧˣŷ
ҵСܵÿ죡
ϳղ֮ԻȻ壬ΪС׵ٶȺš
һ׷ˣҲú£ΪϺһöԻɱµߡƼˣȥЩûһס
Ȼη壬Ȼڵͷ
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ϳġ
ܲڽûܲסϳӻǽˡ
£ϳļһܺá֮˴ﻢڶʳʵ˳ֽڣ

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ǰǳͻĲѾ𽥵ڵǶڴ
ĽҰ⡣
ϳͣڰ·ϢСȥԲʳԼ˷쵶
һâէ֣Ȼ;ۻأնһ˺ϱֵ֮ĴϡӦϣпڹ⻬羵
ǵ鳲
ϳЩڸ·Уÿлͻϰ鳲ѾԽԽֻôһĻ
鳲ܽжתۣǲ鳲߾磬ҶɾջЩ޷쵽
ϳǻɫĳĥμԦɾ
ɾ崦ǧȵա
ôˣСӣˣ˼ֶߣȻʵ
ұɾסˣʼ޷鳲ϳ̹Ȼ
ʰôõһʦʲôСˣָһԾ£ڳһ˵ķ緶ȴԵе㻬
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ϳ֪ҪСʲôϷ˷ҳһԲĵҩ˶
űԼԴҪһȦĵҩڵϣһѹҩ˳ȥǣҩ·ʱȻ䵹Ź˻
ϳ۾һ鳲
СӣԼĥȥɡѵҩϳ
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һ鳲˴ԲΡ
˹ϳѧһŵ糵ն
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ȥȥȥòһֳĽָϲҡ
Сӣǰɣ
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˵йصƷ飬ȷʵϳúȴ·Ҳ֪ʱνĵơ
յƣϳһĿꡣ

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һһŮ϶ھֵˣݸߵͣö֪֣Ҳܸ߼һЩ
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ŮڶѰλĿһɨϳλǵãԼλСٻϲλãһ·ÿγԷѡ񿿴š
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ң˰ɡֲûпλʲôҪ˼ҵλӣһ²һ£ұλȥСٻͬӣȰ˵Ǳ꽲öࡣ
СٻܣλҽҪˡҳĲģǰúˣһˣ硣
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ߵķǺܴģԵö𵽽֮Ч洦
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С洺ӭɨϵĿյЦλ͹٣һƲһǧöңͷȥҪǧҺˣ븶˰ɣ
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಻٣ǧңСָͷ˻Ρ
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ʲôܳԣΨܳԿ
겻һʳһģ˵ô̲ˣֵǮϳָָϵĿӡ
͹٣˵ˣԵĿɲͨĲˣɶǼֵǵĵرȥһһֵ̻ңЩзһʮңҪҡ
СۺˣǰЩ˵ļ۸˼ٱ
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ûĲ׬Ǯ
ߵķ粨˲ԶǶŮע⡣
Сٻüͷ˿ӣٳˣҪǰ㷨ǰƲ˵ļ۸ֻ»һЩ
еֻµĿŸղԼ˱СţͲִһ㣬Լˣǲ̫ģô˵Ҳھֵ·ǺڵҲ˼ɣҰô
ཷҲˣҪһҡС߶š
ˣϳһϺȣǺ˵˵Щ˸ֵôǮ
͹٣ҿûк˵˵Щ˵ļ۸ɶдڰϣʵۣۣ֮ͯǰ񲻺ãûпСָǽ߽һ鲻۵ľ壬ӬͷСдһ˵ļ۸ÿһ˶ס
һӣ˭Էʱȥע⣿
Сָϳ֪һӡ
дǮ˾Ǯϳʵ
ûǵĹأСֺ
дһǧңҪһǧң
ٺ٣ǿûôڡ
ѾܺˡϳԸٳƤȥֱȡһöССңϣҵķǮö֮⣬ҶһӶǡ
СɨöңЦ𺣺͹٣԰ඣСӪҪ׬ǮɾͿȥˡǵĲ·ͲǶĻ·
˵Сָ
źӿʮߣһȫɷ̤˹ϳΧס


64 ҵ
ưϳǮ
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ڵ꣬ڵ÷ĵꡣ
һϳȻЦˣŭЦ
ڵ˶ҵһССĺڵꣿ
ҸıˣһöҶٸ㣬ͣҳԶˣϳһöʰ𣬻
Сӣ㾹Ȼ԰ͣҲ˴¥ʲôطǵƹǮ۷ߣʵҪǿжǿԹ԰Ǯʲô˵ǮĻ̤¥벽ҪǮҪԼѡСŭȵ
ΧĴΪ׷ͷͼŻסϳֻߵķ׿͵飬öˣÿһζܷʺơ
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һΧѲҧˣðⱲϲˣȺ󾡹ܷ
ϳȻվ𣬰ε֣ʥףΪǿԭ򣬵ȳнһնȥ
һΧĺڵͬʱȥ
Щֽ־ŭ˭Ҳûϵǰ꾹ȻȵɫҸô˽а壬䵥ˣŻŻܰǮŪˣδôӲ
³ͻȻеĴֶ紵УʱƤɲһķ磬ǵγɵķ硣
ϳһ֣Ⱥһֲеķ쵶ٴλӳһõ鳲ͬʱ·ƣӰΧѰһͻƿڳ˳ȥ
ɳȴʧ׼ͷһҲûնУǵɵպȴȻɱ˸ǹһնŵĵС󲱾ϣ
ۣ
Ѫɽͷأ
ĵ·˷ʤ
һϲв˵ݣҲ˵һ仰εȿա
ɱˣ
ģûɱɱǵˣ

Ǵ´УñޣһϳЩ˵Ϊͣȫһɫĸּߡ
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ϳ֮ǰͻưΧʱ˳İ£ΪǼ˫࣬⵽Χ
һ࣬Ҫһʱ䡣
ЩûȥĴ֣ϳ
Х𣬻һЩˮԡ
һöڼϳæƫͷܣһƳ֮£öڵȥƶ׼СٻŮӣҲ֪ܷ
ϳæһбն䣬Լս۵ˡôһģؿһʥװæֵˣֻ
һĻСٻС
ղһǿԲܲ˵ģȴӵѷˣҪ̻
˲
Сٻӹͷ
˾±ȣȽϣСٻе󣬿ɱߵаߴˡ¸η̻޹ߵһ棬ƵǸᲢá
ˣࡣ
սӲҡ
ϳռϷ磬ϵ鳲湦
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ҽ쳹
ǿڵ꣬˻ãϳŭһϺ飬ɱԣӺ
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ǶǲҪͽʱҲɱһ˿⡣
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ڹϣһ׳ӰŶһ嵽ϳǰӵȻն䣬նһ׵
һмǿԶȺֵè似
ϳоΣգæܿʹϮĵաֽ׷ᣬһննĲǵʵʵһ
ϳӵֵڰײһ죬һ𻨱ǺϳһݣԷеҲޣ
ͻȻֳֵһˣŻΣг˫ɱڡ
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ƹˣ
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ǣһȥ
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ζŹٷ˹ᣡ
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Ǯһ˵ս֮ǰЩּҪǿΪѲ
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ϳ÷˳⡣
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ϳֻһȴסǮеĹƣʹˮܲ͸硣
СӲôͣȻ˾տǮﰵľ˼ʮĵȻȡʤ֮·Ȼע츳
츳׿ȻĽӣһ㹻ʱ䣬ɳ쳣Ŀ¡
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Ǯɱĸͷ޷˳
һΪȮıޣ쳣Ϭҧǿ񹷣ֻǱȹöࡣ
ֱֳ޻εһͷԸ߳õĽʽ
еıʺϵеıʺ̬սȮޡ
ءȮзв˫䶢ϳ
ߣϱųˣϳЦ
ԹϱģȻҲǹ
СӣǮֵϣߵıȮҲ˳ȥһһγɼл֮ơ
ϳӦԣٴθԷչսܱһȴȻ·硣
ԶСٻ½ǣ˵ӲΣǽ֮£Ǿ֮أǿ߰ɡҪǵ£޹ء
СٻԶɽü΢΢һ壬ܾȱߣٿһ
Ǻðɡϲ֣Ҿ㿴һ
ҿɲֹ뿴ֶѡ
Сٻİ֮ǰԼһ֧ڵһĻʵڲԸĮ뿪
սֽһ
ͬʱֵһ˸һ֧飬˶ΪٷŲȻǹٸˣ


65 ٷһ
ٸˣô죡ǮЦһֵ·ϣסϳȥ·
ٸ˿ɶĺϻˣΪȻˣȼ˻Ҫס
ϳֳֳȻɢűɱ⣬ۿűǰĹٸ顣

Ϊ׵ĹԱסͣĲٲҲ׷ͣ¡
Ա۶Ǯ˴ʹ˸ɫղȻϳɫŪȵ߾񣬱ٵõٱ˵еףɱˣĿ޷ͣеͶ־ܣ
ǿڵ׿ͣһͨͨķҪǧңҲˣǾɳһȺ˰ΧסвȲѣųַ֮£ɱ˼ˡҲĻѵҪƾȺڲΪ٣ӦΪΪֻɱˣȴǰҪץӦڵƹԼȺһץ˲ǡϳȻ
ǮƹǱһطӼñصˣڱпڽԱˣô׿¡Ҳ֪֮ǰʲôܿһصʬ壬˵棬ֿٻعٸ
˷طϳָŲԶǮŭʵ
ſڣ˵طط˵ֺ
Ӣֵͽ͸úݺݳͽ䣬ƵпһնˣǮЦ
ΧдļҲЦ
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Ǯٸһġ
Һڵ϶ǵһ׿֮ͣڱվסţΪйٸڱ
ǮǵĳЦϳУеĵյøһЩ
ǱС
Ǳ޷죡
ȺٵȺǱΪ飬һѣȻˣұһɱˡһССӣһ׿ЦɷҺΣϳ׹¶ߣͷųԵȻ
󵨿ͽҹȻΥִ˵ִ󲻾ĻȨ걾٣ʵڲһϣⱩͽ£ɱҲν䷸˶ˣ̫ƽٷŭ
ƽɱΪɱȴǺϷ
һڲ׷ƾҪϡ
ڹϣȻŮӺ
һٻӰϳ棬λǰȻСٻŮӡ
ˣղҲ¥ڣΪλ֤֮ǰ¥ȷʵԸ߼׿ͣڲ֮£ųַۣʧɱҲûа취οɱĶһЩˡѵֻ۸ˣ˷ãйСٻºͣ˵ȴԵ
ϳСٻ񻱳ӰΪ⣬˫Ƽˮ꣬ԷȻԸվΪԼ˵
üͷСٻۣע⵽ھֵĻռǣЩɵ
ھֿܸҿ
ҵɷƽԼǶھĴԼʵޡһںŵͷλҪһ֮ߣ
ΪĹȣνɷʵǸƣȭͷӲ
һת˾ϡ
ɱʵףǷˣպк󻼣ǲΪھֻ֣ҪǱǣµľ棬ɱھֵŮڿͲ޽飬ΪŮڿһһֶ꣬˵
ٴ⣬һСٻȵûʲô£ÿҪñΪѡɱ˳ǷծǮɱ˾͵÷ǰΪ
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ιط߹űȻߣ޸֮Ĺ;עɾޣ൱Ļš
ӢҲһ֮ɱֱͽ岻ݴǣǮЦֳ˫תϳһԾȥ
һȺҲͷ档
һս޿ɱܡ
СٻƣɫΪ֮һ䣬˵ʵߣִԻԣְæʵ
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ϳֳֳļܷдϮԼ鳲ʩչһնʮڰҷУ֯ΪһŹŶϮĵ˹ȥ
ڶಶҲڳУ˫ʽڰнײ߱飬ನɢ꼰Χķݣµĵѿһۡ
вˣвͻƹ嵽ϳǰһͬĻͷޣս쳣ҡ
ϳݵ˫ȭѵ֣ȻأȴЩġ
ۣ
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ʱйϳϣˣʥ׻壬Ųܱ
ϵ۹۲սϳսȺɵһݣѹǮ˱СȷʵȺѵأ治һɱ֪ˣʱ͸ö˲ǡҲܸɿţʲôҵ̫ȺĻӥȮҲôġ
˴ȡԼıޣγΪһŹ˳һ۳һʸȼյļ⣬Ȼ׼սеϳ
ಣ
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ߣսڴˣ
һȺڵļԼһȺ͢ӥȮУδҲֵ̫жΪͷ­ѪΪսɳΪϵɽ»𺣣ںë
˵ĲĳϳţŭڣѪͫʡ
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˷ŭĵ
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䣡
һٵصĺȻɳȾˣˣٶȾˡ֮ǣ֮ƣջΪ֮ƣõ
ɹѪ磬֫ɢɱڶಶ
һֱڰĵĶ󾪣ϳԺ﷢һСӣˣ


66 
ƣеơ
ƣ翣ȴȻ֮ܽΪá
֮ƣ˳
ɱ֮ƣ˵
֮ƣΨսѣ
յƣõõż˵ƣõмҡ
ĵ˵õţʮյƣķϳֲʮˣݻҪ֮꣬ϡ
ԭΪϳҪܾòƣڿԵ͹ϳĽٶȡ
ֻĥ߷
Сӵϰ츳е֮ߵһ϶
ľвûӰ쵽ϳ˵ڷκ飬Ӱ쵽ϳȫĸо֮У·еĵΪһ壬ֻʣսͷ
ĵһǰٳһǬ
һն䣬ؿѣնˡµۣϹĹмơ
֮ǰڶಶռϷ磬ϳ֮սת㽫նڵ¡
Χ˾𾪣
¶Ȼ֮ɫµҲܵţˣ˻
СӵĵоȻһ˿ƣʲôЦⲻֻһͲյСС֮ͣߣپȲѡ
ǸڵƹǮǾ壬֮ǰڲǰ壬һϳĵ˱뺷Եŵæˡ
ˣСӵʵͻȻôࣿǮĲ죬ļʶλ٣ϲƣ֪еһ˵
ԼСٻͬԾǷҡ
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ҡҡ롭ǮѪʹૣԵڵء
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ҲܣȺȻ䱻Ϯĵնϣ˴ˤȥվʱϳȻֵסȥ·
죬ۻ룬ɱȻ
Ǳ񣬱ˣ
󡢴󵨵ҿǳ͢٣Ʒٺ»ѵ㻹ɱҲɣɱѾɱң͢Źģսսǿиɵĺȵ
Ǻǣçɱ˶ˣһңڣǿǰɷЦοһ򲻹հԶֻϲǰʧڵֻɱ㣬˶ѣȥ̫Զ顣ϳЦƴϵƣϵĵƣԼΧ֮ƣγһ塣
ˣҲżëĵСү֪ˣղŵҿԼֻ̣һĸ޶ˣһСϣزĸǿٺôҲƷ٣ˡ
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ٸղŵĻᵽˡĸز仰ϳΪĵط
ϳҲиĸҪΣ˵޷ˡɱˣɱò٣Ǿ֮ˣȴ󲿷˸顣
ãҸһλĻᣬֻһΣ²ΪӽԺҪΪ֮ҪΪˡ֪㻹ǰһΪҵĵ顣
ϳ˵꣬漴ֱתȥ
ٴ⣬û뵽˼䣬ԷͷŹһС˿پٺǵϳٳıӰʱȻа򵨱
Сӣ㻹̫ˣô׾˱ˡڻҲһɱ㣡
зݣĿ¶׹⣬Ȼȡ۳һʸ׼ϳĺס

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ҴˣԺҲˣٸһλᣡ
ֻ˵óڡ
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֮ǰɱĽֵڼžšͷѾʼƫбĺɫϳȻӰϵϳ
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תȻڽֵϵСٻԼң˹ȥ
뿪ˣκ˲ߣűۿɱһϳŵøεѣϳҪ
ȻϳĿûȥңСٻϡ
ҽϳղŶлִԣ˵Ƽˮ꣬վң˱ھ֣ʵסϳ̸û֮ǰƽ׽ˡ
ҽٻϤҵ˶СٻղŵֻǾ֮ͣʵҸûʲô֮ǰҵһڣӦллŶԡٻԾн˵
Ұ㵲ôǵˣ
Ҳֻһû¡
ã͵ô£ҹܾһѡ
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ٻ΢΢һЦ仰ˡ
ϳٻֺøУڣֱӽСȡ˳Σ˵ʵҲھֵˣٺܿˣҪǰھķںűӦҲǼҷںŵʦɣ
ٻƵС죬⣬֪ԭϳҲھֵˣ
˫Ĺϵɾͽˡ


67 ͬ
ûҸҶںŵˣոִһҪھָҲҪȥںţǾͬ·ˡٻָָߵа˵
ϳ΢΢һЦʵȻͬ·ǽΣ
ȻԡٻȻӦʡ
Աߵķɫʱѿ֮ǰǵϳǸϳͬУǻĺã
ھ֮󣬷ҵǲϳˣΪھеĵλͬһ㡣
ߣҵСͷλڴͷں˵һƴȨȵھ֣ͲҰôˣñҲڽ£
ĥ
֪ϳʵѹû̲ˣûҪ
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Ȼԡٻͷ
ֻɱ͢Լڶಶ죬ɲһС£ڴ˵֮٣ҹھֲϲߡ
ھ֣ɷ޳ĪǾͺðˡ
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Щ˱ˣ˱ˣԼ
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һڵƹһ̰ϵĲˣô򿪴֪һؽ
ϳպսƷװԲڡ
Сɱ˽ǰͨԣĺܣղŻսʱһܵ˰ȫĵطϺ
ϳС׻µǣסȿ˿ٻֿ˿ңܲϲߣǰѷҵͬš
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Գϴˣܻ˵ϡ
Ҳ˵Լļĸĸͨˣߣƽ
ἰҶʱֺͦ廰ҼϰңȻ㲻ʲô壬Ҳ˲ٵĸ֡ںŵСͷǼҸ
˵֮͵ȥϳı飬ϣܹһ˿ȴʧķ֣ϳıƽ޲ƺνСͷй
ߣһСϵӵܶѣţʲôţھţǻţǵҵĺҵģ͵ҵġ
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ϳȻԼһɵھֵͬѧһ˹һڼﶺô죬һӦûһھָ
ٻ֪һˣ˽ĲǺֻ֪ܶ࣬һոյѧͽһʦȥˡ
һ޻̸һ·į
ҹĹˣ𽥼ӿ˸·ٶȣҹ̣̤ҹɫϳҹҹ·⣬һλСͷĵȻҲٲ౦
·;УϳȻһչϼһ㲻תôΪһ·ô鷳Ըڵ꣬һѪ
СӣʲôʺӶͷϿۡ⸣У֮ģпܱɺ£ҲҪ㸻Ѫսһ٣Ҳлô˵ƣɻôĴʹʹһܣܻЩҷ䲻ԸڹԺϳʲô¶ͷϡ
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ðɡˡϳٱԹˡ
ߣ⻹ࡣ˶٣һתСӣĵƵ°ɡ˵ƣ̤浶żֻһʼѡ
⣬ϳ²æʵƣһָΣ
Ȼ취ǿƣҲǿֵ֮ģ֮֡
ƻࣿ
Ȼˣߵָ֮ͨϣܶࡣ
˵
˵ҵĵݣΪ˿۳ľǿԵƣаȻǿǿһһʽӲƴԸԸת
ԸԸת
ȷʵԵ
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ҵȻǺɫ֮ͽҿһ˾ӣճֻǾ˺ãɲ̰ͼɫæ
ǲͽˣճҲɫ֮ͽϳҪҵҲɫ֮ͽէֻʶѡѡ˭
ǡðɡ
Ҿ͸ܵĹһ˵ٻԶԴ¹ڻٻϳԺĦʲôٻ֣֮ģ
СС粨ȥϳѡˣȻֻѡٻһˣǾϾ֮ǰѡˡ
ϳһ·ĿӹȻע⵽һ׳
׹㣬ûڣΧ˶ҪߣҪ׳
ڷ׳ϳڿԼõСӣʲôıߣëͷС£Ͻһȥӵ⡣
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֮ǰСӣչ¶һЩâʵѷڡ
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Χһ⻰ʱ£кϷˡϳսλ׳ǿڿ֮еٮٮߣǷ֮
ǺǣƾҲҸд裿Ҳʰһ£ͷӦɲ䳡ڷ׳Цһ
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СӣҲ̫ƲˣΪǷͰ𣿱˵ƳһƳٲкѣ
ǿԱ֪
ϳתЦͷҸдһ𣿡
Ҫд裬ǿ϶У˵д跽ʽҵǿӦ
лͷȫ
Ҷ˽㣬˻¶һҲá
ϳͷߵ˿յϣеվãһֻơ
ɡ
˭˭
ڷ׳ϳ棬أüĿĵϳȴƣϳϡ
һκܵƴԼ
˵ĿڶϣſⳡϷúڷ׳Ӯռ˽ųɣΪһЩʵϵĲ࣬ƶһҲʲô¡
񣬲֪ߵغ񣬴ˣԼھ֣ӿɾʹˣ
˶Դǿҵڴ
ȣ
ڷ׳һŭ˫ۣڵߣƺȻͼϳ
䣡
һ죬ţȺ񱼵Ŷŭײȥ
˶ΪϳᱻƳȥȴǡǡ෴
ϳԶ裬ȴֱǹ˵ˣûһ¡
ûжûԪ֣ҲûжñֶΣԼ˫Ӳס˶þԵ˾Ե
һĻ˽һ
ɲһܰ쵽飬ǵԤϡ
ԾҪڷ׳ˣԼղ˶ԸּߵΪһֵסҲһҲֻܹѵ˵ǰɴﵽҲ̫˰ɣ
ϳźڷ׳мֿЦʵǲûԷǵĻȥԼ⣬Ȼд衣
ƲˣղûʹȫһΣڷ׳䣬ٴηһʹ˳̵ûκα
ͼڷ׳¡˸ǧµĵשظ̤ѿ
ȣ
ڷ׳߾ȫƾһͷţҲƵˡ
䣡
ײ
ٿϳȴ˿·ڲ֮еĽʯ
ڷ׳ģϳʮ룬ˣһ˿ѪɻδܰϳƳ벽˲ٵש
С
ڷ׳ˣ


72 ݺ
ڷ׳ô䣬վǵ䡣
ԹԳջؾƣ˺һ˲ϵѪҷˣСȷʵһöࡣƾı£ʸʦɲԸ㣡
ֻоԵʵóϷ
ڷ׳ȥĹ˳ϳȴĵ˵ϵĻҳ˵Ǹʵһ죬ҲһϺȵߡ
ľܾ
ƨɣʵ̫ˡ
ڷ׳ɺɺټصĺһѧ˸ղŵСӣȥ
ܹϳӣ˭úڷ׳֮ǰ˵ô
֮ǰϳʶϳı̬֮˸һٰʮȵķתղżʶֻǱɽһǣ˾ȫı¸жǿ
ֲ˼СС;ܵʦȷʵй֮
˻죬ǰ;ޱȡ
ܶ˶ĶˣԸ£׷ϳ
׼Ͷϳ֮ʱһӰԽڶǰ棬ǵע⡣
˺ᣬϳ£üΪӢʲô۹˧硣ıĮһѩ׵Ľ
ϳڿ֮еš棡
ŲһͿеĽڿ͵λãɹ˲ĿĸѶ񣬻ܹڿͣڷں
վ˫Ŀ罣ϳ
һۣá
棬Ϊڿ͡ղд裬ҲһΣλȡƽ
ҵǲٱһΡϳ̹ȻС
Ǹʹˡεд裬ǻһ²ͷӮˣҪ뿪ھֻ֣Ҫ㽫ʦ֮λøҼɡ
ԭǴҵְλϳ΢΢һЦʵأ
ˣұʰ·磬£㰰ǰĲǲ
УԼҳ˵ǰͷҲҪҷûʲô£ңҲҪ㡣
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һȻתһ棬ϳ˾롣
ҪдôҪȥģϳ
վŽҵƼɡͷҲص
ϳ֪λĺ«ʲôҩվԭصȴ
˼ʶϳʵҲ֪ı죬֪⽫һǿǿԾڴ֡˾ϳӮҲ˾Ӯ
µĿܳСΪھɵ˲Ÿеˡ
ͬһĻķȴ˼ּ֮ģʱֵжã
ƫͷ͵ۿվߵˣٻȣһ͵жʱ󷢣ҧҧ
˵ע֮£һ·ߵǽͷͣһ£漴Ȼת
תɲǣϵƶȻһ䣬˾ͷ·նǬϳ̤˹ȥڣÿһƾǿһ֡
ϳĿһ䣬ʱͼڽƣ
ƴ߸ߵ£ܴʵһҲ˸ʤ㡣Ӷһ·߹Ʋǿӣʱһĳʯƾһƣϳ
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ܽƣҲܽƣ
ϳ˫ĿһݣԴУ쵶һѳֱ˵ƶʱһ䣬Լߵӡ·޷ԹģͷƮһɹϯܣż⣬洵δϸСкۡ
˸ܵɢĳƣͷͺѹһʯͷô޲ʧɫСС;ƣʵں
һЩ۹˿ϳ۳˵ƣǾ֣˽Уֻǿ֣֮ƾͲͬˣֻĵͲ۵ƣҡһֻ͵ĵͲеƣ۵Ƶ֮٣һѧ
汾롰ˡϳʶƣͬƣƶ˳
벻ƶУ֮ǰ͹ˣԽԽ㣡
漤˺ʤģֽĽ˳һâҫʵɲǣһɽҲ֮ɢ
еƣȻҲнơ
Ʋಮ٣ûи֣֮ȫֵ˻ֽ߳˵ˮ׼
漤ƣĴγһɾ磬Ŷϯȥϳĵײһ
ݺᣬδбչ棬ƾð֮治кۡ
ǿ
Ҳǿ
ԣ
Χȫɴ۾˭Ҳû뵽˼򵥵д裬Ȼ㼤ҡһһˣ֡
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ϳҲˣϵĵƻ˼㣬·ˮĵ̰ӣʱᱻ塣
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˳ҲΥ˵Լ
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ҲˣϵĽɱȻ͸Ǳ
վڲԶĸһĻپ
⣬СӶ̫ˡһüͷϣȵаɣ
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ϳܵȣͷ裬·ԡ
ףףһףߣ
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䣡
ƣƣͬײһȻըѣɨ˷Աߵнһ˱ɾ紵˺һ綼ǿᣬζ֪
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ʵʸһ죬Ժ㣡ϳЦ
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ܲһҲ£
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73 
һɤӺܸߣϳѭȥֺеǸСֶա
Ͳ󣬱ϳһͷһŰְֵԲͷһź룬ΪĻͺһɳϵ˸档
ϳСӳȤ̲סЦʵСͦ˼Ϊˣ
ּڣСֶմ
԰
Ȼɲǰ׸ģڿ͵гͣʦҲ˶١

񼣬ֽаָǵ񼣬ͷİ
㳤񶹰Ҳж˼ˡϳЦ
̫ϴ磬ԺɵöҡԽڶϲصĴյϳߣЦһλ
ٻҲȺ߳վϳԡ
һŮ˶ʹ˵
֧࣬ʵףϳ涼ţٻҲǰ׸ġ
ǰĸСһɵûԼʱ򣬶˼ڴʱգΪںŵںŶһ档
֮вҪ˳ϳ
Щ֮ǰһһƲϳǼʶ˸ղʯ쾪ǿжԾ֮ȫı뷨ϳǸֵʦ
һԼԼΪԼ似
ҿӻԾǰģɫжʻգ޲ѡٻϳߣˮ¥̨ȵ£˽󱣲Ħʲô𻨣ļϳĶ飬⵽ܾڳ
ߣұ뿿ʵʦ֮λȲʱˣҾȥҵ飬ҵʦҾͿ齨ԼˣֻҪҳĳ⣬СٻһᱻҴ򶯣תͶҵʱûϳʲôˡҰƽϡ
ϳѡһӣȴҲûѡܹ£ˡ
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ܷʲôܷϳȻ
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˴ЦҸղŴӦǱƴûƴʽʤУƵԼòУѵשˣΥھַ棬ܷЩؿͨڣЩزͨڡҿɲϣԺսշ棬ȥ˼ǳһȣһˡ
ͨڵĹأָƸϳΪʦ
ͨڵĹأָڴгжŹ
γͷмЧȵ˼Ժ˲ѽ£ڳ¥ﵽܡ
һ죬㲻ʲôϳЦһ£ԹԵУܷܷȻҪͬĸһ𷣺ˣĸһȥ
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ҿԲȥ𣿡
ȥɣ
İ˼ޡ
ڱĸڡ
ڡ
ͬһңһͺͺǽϯض
Ҳţϳһ죬˴˵˽⣬ʵһڵԭ
ԸȽĮԸ˵ת
Ļͦģ˵ûꡣСӼͨǸӣðװ֡λӷԼеߵ츳ͳȥѧˡѧһ죬ԼλʦʵûѧˣתͶھ¡
ҵĳտһһҼھ֣ܵ￪˼С¥пˣҴȥһǴۡЦ
ޣ˵óڣӦð׳԰׺ȣʲôۡϳЦ
һǮһֻѵĻǾֻǺϡˡ
С㲻
ϳһһͣԱߵٻȻЦ˶ˡ
Сٻ˵ˣһֱû֨˵˵°ɡϳ
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ٻһλʦʮͶԵ˴ԽƣܵӰ죬ھ֣ߡ
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Ӱһ֧ٶޱȣӰʴ˵似Ψ첻ƣٶȿܴϵлȣӰһͷʹ
ٻһֱ㿴Ȼǳģ˵ʱ¶֮ɫ˹֮ۡ
ҼҶбľϳп
ҲлᣬһҪΪѩޡٻ˵ûյᡣ
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ллˡ
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֪Ͳ֪֪һ־͹ˣҪԱ۾
ߣװ⡣ϳתͷѧѧղŵĻӣѧһ㡣
Թհ죬ѧڵأĮĿ˾䣺֪Ͳ֪֪ҽ͹ˣҪҳ԰ӡ
ƵĻ˵ȫζỹ˼ָĶ
ϳٻˡ
üͷߣϵĽƶŷˡ
˾һȻԸͬҲڡ

գһȴжٷʡ˳˵Σؼա
ϳͬԼһʱ䳡ϣһ䳡
Ƭ̣ϵŸûļȡ
ٻģ컻·ͣĵһǸŮˡ
һģոպÿԼʱϣֺԸĮЦǸӡ
ҪһڣûĬɲСҴǼдһ£Ϥ˴˵Ϊ似ޣǶʲô¡ϳ˵ټҵĿġ


74 ѵ
дԣеִ磬ɱҡһ̬һ³̵ӡ
Ȼϳ
ΪϤ˴˵ı죬߱˴˼Ĭ˿ʼչԼı¡
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Լıޣһǳصľ޴һǶƣޡ
ϳٸв죬ʵǸּߣΪϵı޽ģ
ҲŵּãɬûǮøּٻû滻ޡͷһЦ
ԭˣð죬ҽһǧңȥٻ󣬵Ժ׬ǮٻҼɡŵһԱʵˣŶкô
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һͿʽܣ֤ϰ츳ܸߣԣ
ͬʤ棬ϳȷȷʵʵʤһúѹҲжʵѽϳ˱볬ԽĶ
ʽϳһתָָѩʵһأΪֻʹѩ
ҵһɱﵣʾˡҡҡͷ
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һʽľδܰҷΪʤҵĵڶһóҲ׻ɱұõĵƣй¶
ŶϳüëĴʢ
Խ˵ϳǸνɱԽǺ棬ǸɱԽޣͨĸּޡ
Ȼ治˵ôҲûãҪ⿪յףֻܵԺʵսнˡ
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ĵȴһʡ
ߣһͨͨĵôʲô԰ڵģȻҪôΧ㿴Ŀ湻ǿģ˱ӡ
һ


75 ǽ
ϳüѭȥͼһ˹ղ˵ˣǸСӵļһ͸ڷߡ
ҽ컻·ؿһצƣʦõΡ·֤ѾΪʦ
Ҳˣǰʦ;ʵ֪ðòλá
ϳǷټŲųΪʦʵܹڣҾͲͬˣʵ䵱ʦ
ֺһ·ߵǰȺ˹鸽ڿͣа֮࣬ÿһ˶ϸѡģʵܲ
ϳɨңĿСϣʵղŵĻָô
ϻȻָˣղŪֻ㣬ûˡСһܻ䡣
˵ˣһͨͨĵ
Ǳһֻͨʵʵ˵ѡ
ãȻ˵ŵͨͨܵˣһܸŵˮ׼ͬ似ܣб£㲻ܣղ˵Ļƨ죿ͨĵôѧˣأ
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Сӱ࣬Ʊǲʲôϳ˵ھﵶõĶǣ
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Ҫͼҿ϶ҪⷢӣڻǷʱ
Ŀϳһۣ漴תͷٻСٻҵʦˣЩѡڿ͡ϳǿֵεˣǴˣӦͶתͶҵšϳղŵĻҲˣǸڳĴֱ֮ˣһ𣬶Լֱһֳ衣
Ƿ˵ĿģҪٻ£Լܽˮ¥̨ȵ£顣
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лл⣬ʵڲ;ԣȻɵˣֺαǿҼأΪˡ
齨ȫΪ㰡ҵѵ㻹֪𣿡
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ֻһɺϣڱпٻͶͱͺѰϳı
ٻתͷһۿϳǽߵӢӡϳͷЦЦ漴Խߣǰ档
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ǺǣˣеӡȻֻһȥ̨һսΣȥһһһϳһƵ̬ȣûѷҷ
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ϳ飬һ㶣ԥһ£ûǸӦмＸԼ̨սѪ֮еһ
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׶ȫպϺܽ˶ȥȫ򿪵ĻܱһܴĶƣܵסܰæˡ
׶ܣеþʹˡ
׶ܣ˳Ļ˵ڶٻ󣬽ְ档
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ٻҲð˺⣬˴̶ƮһƽƵһͷںн٣һΪϬţıޣʮָߴϬţؼףͷϳһ׵Ĵǡ
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77 
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£ޱٻʵʵģƾߵ޽Լżᷢνıޱ޳ֺΧˣݣ
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ĶˣҲࡣ

ȻһֱֻŻһץס˽ҪϣȻ֡

ӣϳÿӺ꣬ǳæµ
ҪҪŵżп˻Ҫóִͼۣĥеİ
棬ڵΪȹڸּڣ۷廹һ֮ң
糵նս죬볹ѾԶ
ѧĲͲԶˣǳžѡ
ִͼɬ϶˺öҲûܲеİͼֻһͨͼѡֻɣͬһҧһǹͼ氵ƽ֮󣬱ؽǳ
£ϳԼٻһ䳡
ٻһװճģԲĶ쵰һ֮СʵڲʺϵͷѪߣҹһЩ
ѧһŵǺæιУ԰ɣϳЦʵ
ȻԣӦҲкôϾҲǹõˡٻȻӦʣγԼҶ
Ҷɱ޶ɣ׼ȷӦóŶԡ
ϳҲԼıȻڿյϣе𣬰ڳ˲ʽơ
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ٻϳʼվԭأв죬ǵһμֵ
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ǿṥƱƵǰһֱϳű𷴻Ǹ߸߾ĵԼΪ򵥰Եķʽֱֱ䣬ӿĵγ̩ɽѹѹٻ˴ڣʹá
ͷµĵݿЩĻ꣬ƬƬѡ
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һԾƶĵרڿٶȿĵˡϳ
ŵܿٶȿĵˣٻ˫һ
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ҪΪ㱨һҪɱǸӰ壬ٶ̫죬ҲǶ֣Ųܰﵽңɲԡ
ȻԽ̸㡣ϳЦŴٻĻҪѧˣ¨壬ֻӵܡ
ãǾͶлˣٻϲЦ绨
ʵԾƶĲһԭΪٻѧ
Ȼն಻ѹѧһµкôġ

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Сϳؿڣ˵ѧʿɾʹˣ˵ꡣҪʱҪ۹·˷Ҫзḻս飬֮⣬Ҫĸ֪
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79 ͼа
ҵǿ۸ңɼ˵ôŬʱҲɲϳЩơ
߷һ֮ļҲûãɡƽԼɱǱĬջۣ㿪ۡϳļͷ£ʾ

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ֱϳûԹȥűֹеִͼ
Ժϳÿ϶óͼһԼĥûȥݡܰĥֶΣȻˡ
һ㲻ʲôѵǳ֮Ժ㡣
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ϳĲҲ֮ڳʱжϸ׼ȷˡһθٻιУõ㿪ٻĵ⣬ÿһܰ쵽£ǳѧ˲

죬ϳٻ˹У뿪䳡С
ҪҪȥתתҶھϤˣＸҲһĬоʱӸˣʲôšϳ
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80 һ
ǷֵȼģӼ׼ȣ׼ȼߣѶεݼѶȴŸ߻ر֮±·ֻҪǮʲô񶼻Ը
⣬Щ񻹻ԼӼʱһǰ׺ζҪץʱ
ͬȼдڲͬĹϣμűࡣ
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ĳλԱ׼ټǨƣصĿĵһǧɽ·һ֧ʮϵŻ͡һ˰ȫִĿĵأԸ֧ǧΪ;˲ٱ꣬Ĳޣʮ졣
ݰʲôУϳܿۡЩ񲢲࿴Ҳ÷
ϳѡ֮ʱһ˼ֽ˹˹ϣζµˡ
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ٻ˵һָϳ˳ָķ˹ȥܡ
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ϳһ飬ɱַȷʵٻ˵ժͷơ
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Ӱٶȷɿ죬ҪʮѣΨԾƶĲܿƣ

ģλۣڿĹŵ
ϳΪ׵ţ֮Ǽʰһ¾ͻٳˣ˾벢̫Զţ
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˸һҹ·ֱյϣ·ߵһҿջͣ˼۵ĽŲϢҹټ·
˳Թ󣬸ס˲ͬķ䡣
Сһڵϴˮѷֵ˫Ų棬һݽһߺС
ȻһӴⶪ˽䵽ߡ
һǻͷ۴ڣûˣȻ˰Ϊ˸Ц
û룬˰һţһСƿӣһСӡ⼸װһʵЩ֡Ƿţ˿
㸸УҪڽƿҩƲ˵Уϳ˶Щ˵㸸׵㲻ұ֤㸸׻úܲңܲңܲң
λʱɵˡ
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˻ڣ룬ţΡΡĴǸСƿһЩĩɫζӦþνĶҩˡŴǸСӣһһ
СװһԼһѪָܵͷ
磬һֱ䱦֤ȷʵǳˡ
ǸָͷҲ죬ȻǴ϶ġ
Դ˵һӣֻת˶˷硣
ˣˣҵ汻ץˣô죿֪Ǻá
İ¸ϳˣִͷẦʵڴⲻá
һѣһǸףᣬԶ׼
ֻТֵͷƵѡ
ԥ죬ٴװҩСƿֶͣ
ѵҪҶϳǣ
ԥѡ
˸죬᲻¶֣Լ֪
һͻȻֵİһƿĶҩΪɱµı

ţ
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СǴ˼ҵĺӣʱģԡ
С·߿֮󣬵ֻʣߣСȫˡ
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һ壬߽ӽףľݣ˫Ŀɺ죬Ųݣָ繳˫ȣ䣬Ũܵĳë
Ӱĵò
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ڳ˶ԣժͷǴ˵еĿֲڣɶԣȴһλ飬˵Ĳү
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ģøһǮҲ٣ɱߺףÿɱһնǮժͷ˵ͳһȾѪĴֶƹ񣬡εǮƽʱһЩǶļν
ƹӹЦлүͣСԺ϶ΪЧץ㺢Ӹԡ
ٶһЩжãҾԶԺˡժͷ촽
һˣƹݳ뿪ժͷһһӣ
죬Сӵͷʬ塣
죬֧ͥ飬ʧȥ˺ӵĸĸﵽңȴôҲҲӵ޻ȥһһΣ޳Ѫᣡ

ϣϳڵִţ
ȥٸһˣ˽Ȼȥ׷Ǹ䡣ȡŪϳȻ
ٻͷͣĮԵĲɣüͷմͬ
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ҡ벻˵ʲôһ·ûô˵ǰҪ˵ɻⲻ̸ҵôһ˵
ǲǺ彻֣Ҫ㺦ķڶǼţҪΣգͶ㵽׶µġϳЦĽǡ
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ٸ֪࣬õֻһ淢ֵСʬ壬һĿԺܴ󣬲ڵĿԽС
뿪ٸһĶԲߡ


82 ƹ
жһ㣬ҵǸ壬ܾӡٻ
ϣ˰ɡʲô뷨˵һ˵Ҽ˼棬ȺȺϳ
ûͷԵʧǣΨٻӦϳ˵Ȼٸ˵ӸĿԸǾ͵ȥҺˡ
֮ǰٸ֯ģѲ飬һ֤ǸܽƻصúܺáĸֲãûͷӬƵңҳϣãڴ롣ϳ
˵ô죿
ӵʬȻ淢ֵģЩǰɶʧٵģ䵽ײˣãһγֻ֡Ҫץһ˳ҵ塣
һγ֣ʧٵĺˣٻ
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Ѱңãȫײΰ룬ȻˣǾͱ·ˡҸٻԼȥѰ壬һڵ顣ȽΣգҪһЩڽΪȫһ˾͹ˡ
ΪʲôҪ΢΢ü廰ʵ
ܼ򵥣Ϊܶһ棬ġϳ͵
ŵüͷƽ̹⻰̫ˡ
Уڵ¾ͽҰɡҾ㲻ԲȲ˯ҲҪ徾ĵ
˱·һ·Ѳ飬һ·ڡ
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Ѱڹٸİ£ҵ˺ʧٵĽֵѰڰй۲ϵĶ
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δ۵濴ȥȻ棬˫Ŀ罣⣬ڽУͬʱ۲ܡ
Ȼע⵽һ䵥ĺӡ
⺢ҲͰ˾ӣų裬żͭңҲ֪Ҫȥʲô
浣⺢ӵİΣͬʱҲŻ⺢ӵնǱڵ壬ĸ˺Ӻ档
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žͼһӰԾֿסӼͷ棡
ݳƹһʧ֣һæջ˱ӣͷֵ档˫һۣĵһͻȻֵ꣬Ŀ⾹ȻӥͱˣһͲǷ֮
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ϣʹʽ׷֮еĽһһƿռʸߵƹ
˫Ѹ̣ƹ󾪣תΪأͣ˰·еı档ּ۷ĳע֮ϣıӱɨǧ֮
ԷʽǿƳƣеĽһⵯϮıӣһֱȡš
˲лʽּŵΧ·ɢӣķݺܿʯѷ׷ס
潣磬ԽսԽ£нд󿪴ϣ˼ִҷ緶ռϷ硣Ϊװ磬ǽֵڣԷʼձΣû¶Ը⣬Ҳ롣
ʮʱһоʤʩչʽǰʽΪڰʽɱС
翪բˮŵ˿кԴ˷֮ƣ˻ڵء
ƹˣŭӵص棬ƵزʶΪҪˣ
Լʲô£Լ
ʲôҲûǴӴ·˵Щʲô
ԼװͿҵĽʵġ
ֽǰڳһֻȡһƿˮƹϡˮã֤Է塣
ֻǿܹ߱ˮЩ׻ܡ
ˣüʵ
ϻҵȻˣȻôƹ
ˣЩǱԵģҲ˵ͬһֱڰץСͨ˵㣬ϵĽƶȻɱڣ
ΪȴΪȥȺˣУֱ죬ҪɶһЩȺһЩ޹ĺˣЩӳ£ӵĸĸǺεȵʹ֪࣬
ˣмɱĻ


83 ŭ
涯ɱģڻɱǰˣΪ÷ųߵ㡣
ҵǳϣʹˡ
ǷƹĵһƴΣȻƹǰѰϳ˻ϣһԲߡ
⣬ȡһöźŵա
ھרõźŵ˼ǽϣźŵ֮⣬⼸ִͬźŵ

źŵڰը̻
ֻ̻ͨһɲǵѤãը֮ܿͻʧźŵðĻȴþòɢͣڰв˸
Ƭ̺ϳѶϵһ
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ڽײץ·ߵСסΪ壬̽һ²ŷ˷ͬרŸץС
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ֹСȥԵĶˣʵ˵֮
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䣬һȭӳδƹһϳȭͷε֮أȭͰƹñΡ
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ͷʲôãƫƫ年ᣬĺڣ
һǳ⣬һߣƹ˸߿ա
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𡢱ٴˣٴҾҪˣ㣬һ
ƹһϢġ
Ĺ㣿ЩĵʱĹǣ֪գαص
ϳȭͷǺ飬䣬һδΣһδεĴƹϡ
ٻ˿óϳŭˣǹɱѪԱ˳ƹ񰤴򣬼˶úܽûһǰȰ衣Ҽ˿óϳֻзִģû֡
ϳִ˺һŰһƹߡ
ʱƹѾһѪˣͷ֪˶ٴҲˡ
׵ĥˣкַܶ԰ĥܣáҪǲԿ࣬ʵʵشҵ⡣˵ץЩ֮˺δģϳʵ
ˣƹٽƱҲûãû˻šժͷҲûʲô飬ֻǽ׹ϵûҪ̻ժͷ
˵£ʹǰЩȥժͷˣ˫սܻһת
˴ƹӲԹ˵˵ˣץСȷʵΪ壬⸽һӰ壬ԳСԴΪ֣ʹºժͷ
ԣٻɫʱһ䣬ҧҧױݡ
֮ǰֻǻ⸽ժͷ԰ٷְȷˡ
Ȼٻҧ
ϳʣƹʵƸժͷ˺ü£ڼշתأץ˲ʮСӣЩСһ⣬ȫ⵽˶֣
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ժͷͺðˡ
ǸŪһݳժͷĲ֮أסˣʲô
ϳƹһ˽ļƻٻѰµԭء
ٻ˺ܿͰˣŪһ׸ɾ·ƹϣƹһ˵ҩ
ȵƹԺתϳ˱ƹԼݳͳͳ
ȥժͷ֮ء
Ŀĵأƹ˿ڣðŽժͷ
ڣϳ͸棬ʱ׼
ժͷΪ˧ʵǳǿȻһӲ̣˶ЩţǱеٻ
ӵã˶ͼһߴ׵Ӱ˳
ժͷˣ


84 Ķһ
ۿժͷ֣ϳнһݡ
ժͷУԽԽݳƹ񣬷ֶԷˣɫ죬Щͣ˽Ų
Ӱ̿ǺܸߵģΪƻɣ
ƹ񣬿ǵĽ׵ͷˡժͷЦһ㣬
˽һĻƳᣬժͷ˹ȥ
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һϬޱȣƹͷ쮷ɶ𣬴һѪ
ϳƳƹһۣ漴ջĿ⣬עȫժͷϣȵܣ
Ӱ鴫ٶȿþˣֻܹܿһģӰӣϳ֮Ĳ಻ܵͬʱͷһֹۣ׷Լܶ࣬ʵòҲûж
ժͷʵֻܹвҪкüߺΧпɱ
µĵˣһҲ£
һǵʵֻǼݰһܸƨժͷ̧һץۻע۳һɫ档
սֶΪֻ൱ߵ似Ч
ժͷһ׷ɳֱϳȥ
ϳּۿ죬ֱܿ۷˹ȥһô¡һ죬ķѣצɣ˺ɫҽ
ժͷŶףƵϳܣٶ衣
ͨһ۲죬ժͷжϳϳ˵Ϊߵ͡
ĸëûСҲɱңѰ·ŵͷ԰ײԣĸСӻǺ۵ģζӦòǸͷСӣһ֪ܺóԡ
ժͷ촽¶аЦݣȻͣһ֦ϣת׷ϳˡ
ϳһ·嵽ǰҲͣժͷңңš˰ںսͣϳͷһ˳ֵһ˳ֽٻվ·Ӧֳִܸ󴸣վѹ
ժͷһɨע⵽ٻм죬ЦǺ档
Ҳ˵ֻҪٻҧгݵ
˭Ҫ˭һأժͷȻӰգۼ嵽˶һһߣٻ׼ȴٻơ
ٻ֪Уˣֻز¹๦ļ׵Ĵæٶȿɱһժͷʱöˡ
ϳղ˵ֱӳԮٻݺᣬժͷȥ·жժͷ·
ߣèĵժͷЦһЦзУ赭дĻӶ˫צץצ͵ľһ鵶һץƽ͸ֱٻ
Сģϳһ÷쵶츳ܷϮһնʮγܼĹͼժͷĽŲ
ժͷʵ̫죬ȵӽһ嵽ٻǰצӺݺץ˹ȥצӵͬһնֻҪУܰٻСгΡ
Σͷٻ˱޵츳ܻ壬Ҷնһ

費һ䵶ӵƮɣǧɷǺÿҷ裬һ仨Сٳɶ֮Ͳͬˡ
צӾ˺ǧ꣬ԭ룬д档
ٻצӾմ߻УɳһƬ¶ѩ׼滹һѪ˿ڡ䣬
ֻˣҡ
ֱʱϳüȣнƺݿ࣬ʹõ淭𣬴ѡ
ӰٶȼķͨͨˣժͷԸӲϳ˵Ĺƣѡ˱âٶƮԶȥ˸ͻȻɱԶСӴһʼ͹Ĳ档
ֻϡӰӷŵæҴŵһңʱѣ϶ӿҽγһҲһûеˣ߾һֻеļ׶ܣɵĶ˲պϣͺһ޴ıǡ
ժͷһצڼ׶ϣƱȥγצӡûһƶܣժͷԸ⣬ʱƱͻȻ¡ϰٸ̣һ̴ơֻһʹæƮȻ˿
֮ǰļ׶񱴿ǣڵļ׶Ǵ̡
ɶıޣ
ժͷŭһ
αװ֮αװ֮һٻޣֻҪۣᵼʵ½
ı̬Ͳʹٻˣ޷ձޡڵժͷǱ̬ߵıޣֻܸɵۡ
ϳһιժͷݡ
ⳡĶһļĿʼˣϳһռţժͷٶȷɿ죬ʱѷʤ
ϳһĺСģ±ٶȷɿժͷ˿ӡ
սڼ䣬ϳһֱժͷܹԼԱûʩչժͷ̫ƻˣרʱʱľȥ͵ϮٻĿϡ
ʹ˻½˹Ҳʣ˲̶ͬȵˣժͷȴûʲôˣúõġ
ȥֻ׶༪١
ۿսʤһҧѹ׵ıʹ˳һνӽժͷĻᣬȻ˦䡣
ಣ
һзֱժͷ󱳡
˵ĵڶͷɱﵣʾˣڴĺ⣬ĵڶͷޣ


85 Ծƶ
ժͷ󱳣˲ҧƱƤһ˽ȥѪ֮зͽ

ժͷҽһ
ϳһпУȴ֪ôһ£ָͷϵĶΪࡣ
СӵһͷѪڣһޣΪײУҪѪιƽڣû¾ѪѪܿͻѪСٶȸȴǳˣܹҧƼ˵ڣڵŰѾܵֻҪҧһڣҪˡ
ɿܣ档
ĽȷʵһּΪıޣѹֻᱻɱﵡ
ƽҪѪιѪڣһΪ˳˲ٿͷ
Ӯˣ濴ʹժͷΪʤȯա
ʱ䶸
ժͷһݣһצץţѪͬһѪһץ˳ԣȻ롣
ѪѪ⣬⣬һηժͷͼݸղŵһĻȴδܳɹղժͷ͵ϮѾˣͬĿժͷԵڶΡ
֮ǰûشժͷҪѪѾ
ɫһٻѪڣһͲʧ
ժͷסȴˣؿڶһѪɫʹŭѡ
һҪɱǣԵǵԴ
ժͷŭһӽƹϳˣڷŭĴ̼£սϳ˶ٸѹ׽⡣
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ժͷרֻҪϳ˵еӣժͷȻ侮ʯìͷ׼ҲòһپʤĻᡣ
ϳ⣬ðճժͷǡժͷһйٻӳһצ;ϳõһȴçײһΣ۽צ;屻УѪɽش۶ȥ

ϳҽһˣյԵأס岻¡
һСӷۿľɹȥײ㾭ôʵսô᷸ôͼĴеҪ군ˣĸԴñժߡ
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㽲߾ټ׶ܣһ·ϳҪеļ׶ܻסϳɱԸժͷҪģǷвţʱ׵Ժ
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ĵпժͷ壬һ˿ڣʮס

ժͷҽһһЩԵ׸ղŵ׷ʲôϳԼˣ⵽ô£
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ϳһʰеʹʣԷйȥһնժͷϡ

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86 
ժͷأϳ֮ǰ˵⣬ЦСӣԭղõǿƣԼŪˣԴժͷпɹյģĲѾСɣղҪǲ֮壬ľͲˡ
ҲһղŸôġϳһ
Ǹ˧ڵȻǿԶڵıսƷһŲҪͽҲԷָˣΨһҪŪ֡Ӱٶȷɿ죬ǵЧٶȱȻǣ
ܹ٣ϳ־ϲ
ͬвͬȻҲǧٹ֣˧ʼ߱һЩЧЩȻܻЩЧһá͵
жܱøһˣ
ģٶԴڶ棬ֻһ档ø죬٣ҪʵЧˡ
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λҪˣı꣬Ϊ˹ƽڹٸͽ֮ͽҿԷĲҪȫָǡϳͬ
ֵˣһҪ˵ġ
ϳҪ˲ûʲô顣
͸㡣
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ϳһִսݣͬڱصһҿջסϢһҹ̤Ϲ;ھ֡
ҹ
Ȼϳķš
ϳһŵ
ƽ˵ЦСӣȴ棬ʲô¡
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ϳֵľٶͿˣӹţ𿪹ۿ
֪һһ
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·ͬСɣȹغ׵Ҳǣϳˡ
Ϊ˾ȸף˵ˣϳڿѾˡ


87 ƾͼ
˴ϳһüСӹûа˵ȥͳһﵽף뷽跨ȳ
ϸ磬˵ʵȷʵɱġТȫǲʶûã֮ȻҵҪʵ
Ϊʲôָıˣ
Ϊ¶ɱ֮󣬻ǾȲҸףпܰԼҲϡ뿴ܰ͵͵͵ϣ֤һֱڰмǣʵ̫Ҷɱ֮ôǰ˵ҵǰɱڣûǼߣܻŻصھ𣿡
˵ԼĹ˼ɣÿһ䶼ӵĻ
ĵȷʵе˼Ȼ£ɱڵ¡ɱϳˣҲܾȸףпܰԼҲ
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ϳعͷ⿴˿һˣ˭ܱ֤ûвˣ
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˼ϳüеţ˼ת˼ǧ
ˣǰλ߾ĴˣʲôıƶʶϳһЩõĽ顣
ϳЩ飬˼ƽϣ˵˰㶾ɱ֤˼¡һǳģǳ֮һġڶǺ˽⡣ʵǺǿֱӶּɣûҪĨǡģ˿ֹܲһ壬Ǻܿڰǵһһ
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ǱҲ˽Գ˷Ч֪װжӣ¶š
˸ᣬϳױץһ֪ͨٻ棬˲Ҫţһ糣˶ǴˣСֵ

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88 Ļ
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ʰһУԼƥ׼뿪
ʱԶȻһӰͷϴŶңźɴĿ
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һתˣ´˼ۣʵǷдģ
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Ҳû
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Ȳ֮ǰȡ·˻䣬ͻȻ֣ӰٱϻгһΪצıֱɣһһצڱȽŵı
һ⹴צЩ죬Ϊ֮һݣʶ˵ݣһ
ԭ
ԲסˣŶҺܲɱһʧһצֱץ˹ȥ
ؼʱ̣ͻȻƵض
һһͬʱڹצϣɵԶΧ
ӰԾվ˶棬ϳ档϶ǻմżѪȥʮǱ˵ĿɣŨɱ⡣
˿ϳˣ޲ǲǱô
װҲţϳЦһ
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ժǿӡϳȵ
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ǣһҧƹˤҾҪɱԹŮͷ֮ޣ
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͹һ㣬˵ʵĵôˡ
ţҹصһصĵؽ
ǣչɲߣԲȵĻŲ˼졣
ģһͬĵûµġ
ұϳŵˣŹԹϣʱش
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Ϊһжܵƣϳ˼м䣬ѺŸھ֡
·;УϳʱʱľͳȥʷңҪ۳Ļ󵷹ọ̈̄ƴͼһƴ


89 
ʵܼ򵥡
ɰޣɱ⣬һ׶ƣʼйעϳ˵һһϳִͬȥǰĸףȻץסὫһŸ
֮й۲ϳˣʼձһ룬ͷ¶档ϳ̤Ϲ;β󣬷ڶˣŵϳˣŵҪɱڡ
ЩǷҵ˵ǣûˮ֣δ֪
£˭᳹ηң
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ϳҸоСѡоϳ
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ܡ
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ⷬƶȻϳҲ粵Ļ
ҵģС˵ʲôֱһɱɴࡣǱǣűߣҵĳҲʬѡҪţүҸգ϶㿴ΣԼƶʮţϧΪע
ƽʱϳ٩䣬ȴûǸ顣
ϳ˼һǾܾ˶Ľ飬ε֪˵öԣ¹ϵһ˿ᣬҲܷŹ㿴һ·ϹװοӣôĶɱһϣ·ѣҲһΣߵĵŵȻãиʲộʱʰҲ١
µʱʰҾˡЦһҲ֪Цϳ£Цķ档

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һ˴һնУƥΪ룬ҵСҲһϡ

ҲҽһԵڵأҪͷԲڰٱϻеı´˻
ҵİٱϻȻϳ˵ƿ֮£ı޲ơ
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ΪߣٶȺε֮죬գ֮Զһͷײǽڣ˽·˳¥֮⡣գ˫һ𣬱һ޻ζɵĽ˫߷ɡ
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ɱ˷ңȻΪӱ
һߵķŭϳܹܵģ
֪أϳһ߿˵ڶͷµıޣֱȡңʩչ糵ն
һתɳֱҶȥۿžҪԴˡ

Уһŭһƣһ;


90 ִ
һƺ󷢶ϳĵ֮ϣɢ˷һ
ʱѾɱѾˡ
ϳϣٵתΪƣĹͬʱɱУԷһ֮ǰԸժͷʱûöȴò˳Ϊʵ̫ǿ
ٻϵ׷ͣϳߡ
ɫ԰ף˵ҵ᲻Ѿˣ֮ǰ˵Ļ᲻ᶼǻѻ
˶ĬȻ̻ش
Ĵ𰸣ʵѾԶ׼
Ӷ˫չ֮γǿķѹ·ǧѹþ˷ߣһѱ𣬳˶ϵӸڲ
һһȣ֮ǣָϳµҲˣϳҪɱңҪΪ
ģеڣκ˺ֺ˶һ䣬漴תͷݺݵĿϳмҪϳǲΪԼʶλ޷ˣʲôȻҶҶӶŲһƾͰ
ֻɱɱ֮ˣȻԷɱ֣Ȼҵԭ޷̳һ˶ӡĸףǼ¶Ҫǡĸܵǣֻ׶༪١Щ飬ѵɱϳ
ʲô¶ֻһ֮ʣΪƾ
ɲֻһ֮ʣ֮ڣ⼸Ҳ֤ϳָָߵͬ顣
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ִžִţ֤֤ڣעһշ洦ãֻûҪһЩϳ
Ҷӵòѻȥ˵˵ŭϼŭ̧һӣһۻԵľԺɨǧ֮ƣ˶档
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ϳѪӿһһ˿ʺ졣
ڿ˵ҪִþԼȴйߡ
ʲôйϣʵǹƨ
˵ˣĻʵݡ
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һˣҲסˡ
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ھֵڡ
ͷСͷִµԱì˫е˶ڡ
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ȶˣȻеŭȻ궯
ھַڲԱìִҪִþͷҲԤ̫ࡣ
ִŵųЦİ׷ߣʱһһ˽ӡ
ң˵ʡų
ԣϳüͷ֪һҪɸ״һ˵ʣų÷˵̻ң˵һҵĻᡣ
ȻϳԤϵߵڰףʼѡ
ųҰĽٻã˾֪ǰҵ֪ٻһִһʱͿĸ˺棬͵ۣԽ˼·ϣǷң֪ԭ򣬷Ҫ˵Ұĸף˵Ҫ¶ǡûЩ£ȻϡǲţͿʼٰĥңնҵֱۡģִŻһ
˵ĵԼƲĸɸɾҧϳһڡ
ϳۿŷңƣܲ廰ֻŴˣĺˣ֪ˣ͸ڰ·ɱңŷҵĹ


91 
׷ѯ˷Ҽ䣬Ȼϳˣǳʡ
ϳ˽ľ˵һ飬ȫʵ
˫ִһʣ˴ìܡ
֤ϳˣ֤ǷԼҩ
ҩгּܶգҰʱҲ˿ĵĻܲˮʯġ
Ȼнȴϳŭʢ
׷۽͵͵˿һߵķ˷ڿϯǰԼĽΪ˲λСͷоֻƫ̻ңλųԺͲˡ
ξʮʣϳ˿տƾΪšƽãƷĿãֲܱкͬŵ£ʴϳ桢ٻԩˣ˽̣Υھַ棬ÿһ٣Чȡױץһ£ھֻ飬нд
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ϳţȼգû˿η壬Զ׼ǿҵ⡣
֨ϳҧгݣ﷢֮ô຦˵飬ȴΪȻ˷ŭ
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оˣĸʲôҪ˵𣿡׷ʵ
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׷üִŵоǶϷ˵ľ͸ģһ˳е̷ǰ̷ߵһǧ£̸
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ھֵõ̾߿ɲͨľͷӣǻʵıޣֻһ¾ܰ˴Ƥأһǧˡ
ϳǿҪܷһܷˡٻæȰϳ
ҵĺڹòһȥ
ϸ磬ûдΪʲôҪ̣ʵ
ϳûٻˣΨӦĻЦдʹʵ̫ʹ̫͡ҪˣûõģĺвһȺװ˯ˡҪ򣬾ǴʹһסԺԻʮٱķ
ϳǸǳˣһرӻִѾˣ
ƽƣ̤Ͼ֮ʱȻҪ飬Ը߸ϵ̬ݺݱȺĵˣ
ųҪһǧǾɡ˵ȥĻóȥˮ˵Ҫ̣ͲٱԡϳȻ
ãҪӢۣҾͳȫ㣡׷߻ˣϳȥشһǧͷţ
֮ǰҪȥץˣתϳ
ͷͷȻվ𣬺ȱ֣


92 µ
һɤӹת˸
ͷܹȻԤִŵУͷĻǼзġ
ڣ˸ղеọ̈̄è֪ûа취뷽ʶֵ꣬ƣۿֵܵĶܵطһҪġ
ø̵ģһδطϳˣĿŵĵߵڰףҲ̫ˡ
οϳأɲĿɽϳղŶطľٶƺִһСĽĸ˼ּɵ
ʵڲΪ̻ҾطϳϳĿɽ
ֵֵܲ
ųĿ˵ϳеĲŸոռھ֣еıһãټ˶ʢһʱͿҲ⣬ǵĴܲһ㣿
Ϊİ׷ɫ΢䣬СͷĻҪͷĻȻˣοǵ顣һ£Ȼʵͷ֮Ӧδˣ
ǼһԺ󽫹Ҳˡ
Ǻðɡ͸ǼǹһΣǷЩ̡
ϳ˵Ƥ֮ࡣ
÷ΪãһۣĺһҲ÷ε飬վԼǸĶҲ̫
̱ˣϳеŭȻȼţûмٰ֣Ϊм
Żϳ촽΢дϳҪ¡УھֶԲһΣҲް취ϾǷĶӡһǼŵСһͷأԶ׼һֱ棬Ժһ취ڱĵطǵġǸҵìܣǻɸΪΪãԿǡ
ⷬôʿУԸݣѾȰǰ仰⣬ʵϾϳѡ
ϳûлӦʵûʲô˵ˡ
оϳ˼ǴһΡ˷׷뿪ѹֵң֮ǰҾȻƤٻһۡ
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ղϳе̷ٻ˱ܸжϳһ棬֪һˡڹؼʱ̣Ϊǲ꣬۰Ϊߵڷ絲ꡣؽ󣬱ķҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
վϳߣ˶˵
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ϳġ
ٻ˿ϳܵǹֱ⣬ϳʵĿꡣ
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ҸıѰ˵ķʽһӵȮ߰æ
Ȯŵ֮ңζ˵£׵Ȼ˳ζѰңһĽҰ⣬ҵѸõʬ塣
֪׶༪٣ǿȥյʬʱ̲ס͸½
ɱ֮𣬲졣
ҪΪױѩޣɱ֡
ϳ̬ȣæףǷҲݡ
ʵ飬ܵǣûʲô¡ԴˣϳԼٻˣеⲻȥ

ҹ㾲
ϳУȡ˲ǰɱժͷõһȥ˧֮ǰǿ֮ʵȻ
֮ǰһֱⱼҲУֱлᰲȵɵöǿ
븹Īʹ
ϳüͷǿס˿⣬ȫͶ뵽ת档
߻ħвؾ֮ǣֺľˡ
ϳڵھзߣΧŲµתֳϷ֮ơ
££ͻƲѪ谭뵽ĵ֮С
ϳĵͬʱγǿҵų⣬硣
һɽݶҲˡ
ޱȣҲֻһö
µ壬͵һöһöֻһ
ϳٿ˧ݺײһöͼײͼѿײ£㳹ײˡ
ͷųŨҴͳͳոɾ
ˡ
˧Źͷųɫâ
һԶĳɢעϳ֫ٺִźĳ嶯
ϳڵһ࣬Ϊ£Ҳڴ˿̷䣡


93 
ЩҺ̬Ȼһ壬ͺ񶳽ˮ𲽽˾̬
ΪϽ̬Һ̬ٽűǾ̬ͬ׶ε֮
£ϳҪͻƵּ۷壬ȻܿʹᾧΪµΪͻͽԽһ裬ֱ˽ᾧף
үӣҺҪͻƵˣϳпϲæϢ֪ͨ˶
֣ɵ˧̺Ϊ棬ֱͻҲ֮СֿƱ̬ٶȣ֮ΪߵƷҲߵûо⣬ƺԤϵһ㡣
֨֨
ϳڵ۱仯γɵľʵ̣һǰδеǿᲨҲȻɢ·ݷ¶ɫ
Ϊȼʵǽǧ޶ģڸңԶĹŴߵĵȼһ֣׹ϵȼ߲ͬ׶εصƶģΪҺᾧ飬֡ȵȡ
ָٵӦֽͭ
ָӦ
ҺָҺӦּ
ᾧָᾧӦ
˾ߵĵȼӦһ£ԲԭĵȼƣΪָΪ򵥵ĵȼơ
ᾧ
ϳڵˮɵ۳Ϊ˾̬ۼͺһ鲻ˮ֮£ŵǼΪԵ
һϳʽΪߣ
ɹˣ
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һȭ֮ǰȫһҪΪǿ
ҵһءڵժͷ壬Ӧúɾɱϳϲ
ٶȣӰٶȣ˶١ߴٵ
ԡϳӦһһＱٱܣһѱĲӰ
֪ܲһһ
ϳԼͻȻ࣬ٶȱ÷ɿ죬ѾޱȽӽ˵ժͷ
似Ψ첻ƣٶǷǳҪġ
ԸժͷϳԾƶĲżȡʤ֣ȫˣᵽٶȿĺô
Ҳӵֿµٶȣ
ȫɱ֮£ڱС׻ҪϺܶ࣡
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˹ϳȻȻٻ±޵ͷһֱĹ
߾ߣٻӸ߼ıˣǾӭ£Ȼøǿ󡣶ҵ֮󣬿ͬʱӵͷޣҲ
ֵǣϳٻٻҲû·ܲӲͷƤһٻʧܿɲģÿһٻľ޶ҡ
ӣͺúѧѧβٻɣ
ϳ⣬㷭йػٻ鼮ר־Ķʱʣ䡣

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ϳٻң׼Բٻ󣬾յѧϰѾżɡ
ٻ˺ܶ࣬ʦڿֵͣȵȣһáеͷٻҲ˾һġ
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ϳҷںŵʱ䲢㳤ȴѾΪС
ӵΧ˽ֱһյأӴȡһʡ
νһרٻıëʣͷǽģоܹ溣
Ƹ߼ٻޣһٻҪĵһǧöңƣ;Ҫ滻ң࣬׵ʧܡ
ʻƾͲͬˡ
һܹɼٵöֻ̺Ҫ㹻һٻ
ϳе⼸컨ǮģΪľǻٻңԺٻܽʡ
ʷ⣬չգƳһ
ͬٻģǸӳ̶ȣȫ
ܿע⵽ϳƵٻ󲢷Ǹּٻ󣬶Ǹʤһٻ
ףƵĺٻƳֵȼٻĪΪߵ
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ʮͻƵˣǳټ
ϳ˵ע֮£ٻ
ҿôⶼһٻɣ


94 ˫
֮ǰĲ²˴𰸣ϳȷȷʵʵͻƵΪߣ
ղɹµˣǰʵ᲻ص˦һơ
һƬȻ
浽
ȷɣȻϢ״̬Ȼʮǿ档
꼸ˣ
ʮ꣡
ʮߣǷںҲûǽĽ
֮ʱϳٻȻͨ磬Ϣһıٻ˳
ټٻ֮Уƾðһϸ˫ͷߣһԴǰһԴں󣬲ûβ
ͷһ»棬һð
үӣæ۰ɡϳйͨת˽䣬޷棬ϹŶС
Ǳ˫ͷߣԣ͵ĽͱޣҲ㻵ķҪһء̲Ľܣ˿ͷޡ
ֻһޣҵǰ׻ˣ
ǰ׻ˣٲһٻɡ
㵽ûǿ
ƨүⷽʲôʱ͵ողٻʱҾ˴Դһشŵֻ۷̥ˡյ
Ҿʣ㼤ġϳ﷭˸ۡ
ϳڱ޵Ҫܸߣûб˫ͷߣֱǲ硣
٣ֻ˵ڶٻ
ٻֱĵǧңʵǸСĿ֮ǰоԼﴧҾ㸻ԣˣڲ֪Ǯʲô
ٻޣޣǸ޵׶ǮٶҲá
ٻ̫ˣʧһξһǧңʵڿֲǧҪٻõıް
ϳĪЩ١
ٻ޼ֱһֶĲ
ٻɹˣӵǿıޡ
ٻʧˣˮһգһǮ
һӰٻУֳӵֻǱȱӴ˺ܶࡣâȥͷģıͨɫüΪ񿥣β;Ȼ׵磬ž졣
޲ٻ׬ˣ
ģʲôޣϳϲʵ
ױӵбȽټԣǿٶȿ磬ʺϱ̬չеٮٮߡƾʵһ˫ͷ߶⡣
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һױɱУȫ׵֮ٶȳˣԱ֮չײܹ׵˫˺̬ƣ̬ʹôһΡ
ױȷʵͬ죬ϼּܣǹܡЩܵ㲻Ҳ֪ǿ
𣡡
ױҫһβϵ׹Ϊ貶Ŀ
Χвʶױ㲻ʶҲܿ൱ǿıޣ޲Ľʡ
ʲôʺˣȻٻױôõıޡ
ױеٮٮ˰ɣ
ֱֿǿߵİܴ󡣡
ҪҲٻôǿı޾ͺˣ˱ˣ˰
˿ױĿⶼżʣ޲ܽΪС
үӣ˵ͷӻγʲôãϳʵ
óıʲôʵ
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Ȼˣ㻹ƨֱγɵͽˡױʺϱ̬սٻɱ㲻óıϤĵһǺ£ͿѧϰһЩ˫ɵĵˡ
˫ɣ
ԷΪ˫ָ֣һ˫л֮£ȻΪһһҲǲѡһü˫Ժͳͳ̸㡣
ãͰ˵İ죬Ūһ
ϳԶ˵˫ŨȤ˫һȵǿ
ְױĶͷϣʹױγΪһ
쵶׵˫֣â¶

ͬʱھִſڴ
һȺӳ˲濴ţһӣȻڵʲôˡʱգҵĶ֫ڵҩ³˳ƺ߰˰ˣԶӰ졣
Ƭ̺Զһ֧Ӱ˸߾ƵĴ졣
ˣˣ˫һ


95 ս
֧ɱΪ׵һ꣬Ũüۣšһ·ſڣŷٶȣĳɳ𽥵ȥ
ҿ첽ӭȥЦ֣С֪커ڹȺʱˡ
Ϊ׵Ŀ귭ķҵļЦǸ꣬ûģǰһңһ̬ǲ󣿡
ΪǷҵ֣ǰڷںְûþͻʦʵǿܸߡֵվһȽϣɱȷǿöˡ
ұ˵£һЦû㣬õܵΪӷҲӦõģ˵ˣȷʵеС㡣
ͷڷںʲô˼Ұ첻ģȻõССʦæʵ
黹ͷǵæɡ
У˵ݶˣʲôõֵĵط˵ˡ
룬ﲻǽ֮ȵ棬㡣
һֺõӣ뷽һ˷ںţһһ˵Լ
ʵܼ򵥣ְæϳѣ
֮ǰķ粨ȻȥˣϳĺⲢûˡϳˣնֽţ³ɺ޵һʵȴ
ɱףԼͼϳ˵飬ѡԵ׵˾⣬ͺЩǱ顣
ͼӴףŪǷǣϳ˵һˣѸճõֱ¶˳߷ߵ磬㿴ҵֱϵ˿ڻأ
ҩô棬ֱԭļǻһֻʱˣŻ𽥵
Ŀҵֱһķֽߡ
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˵ľǰϳˣʵ̫ɶˡŸþаԵԺܵˣ
ߣͷСͷأԸ⶯ҹŲ´ЬģŲôࡣģСӽʰ֤Ҫ֪Ƿ˵ĺ
ҺãСģԺ϶úñ֣ϲ
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һŷ𲻾ǰ·ΪһС±طһε飬ϲõ˿ʹܵĸܵһɿ־壬ĬĬͷ
һｵһ
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ڿһԴЦԣ
ΧҲЦ
УһͣŸţʵһ㣬Ǹͣ˭۸һ¡
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뵽һֱֱȥİ취׼ǰ̨̨սϳܰϳöңҲΥھַ棬Ծʩչ
취ûʲô֮ǣΨһΰϳ̨
Ը££Ҫս顣
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һЩζӴȡһΣԼȣһ˵СͣҴȣǵôһ㣬͵Ƕˡ


96 ̬
Դһȥ磬˲ˮȫǵʹ
һɫѿվԭûһ£ȵʦȥȣ㻹ɵվŸʲôȥ
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ı˫ۣһܣһ˵СͣǸͬѧҪǲˣҪˣôʰõܣҵĵˣԺݹ顣
һĬҧؼͷﷺһѪζ
ھ֮ǰ룬֮󣬲֪ʵôһ¡ǸȼĵݸߵͻֵķǳһѹһܲҵĴײ㡣
ϳǧ̫ǿˣ
һ
ϳĽ㲻϶Ҳϣյͬѧ̨ϴð


Ц⣬ķɿ죬ֵʵֻҪϳӦսһᱻúܲҡۣʧֳҲпܵġ
ߣϳϴûܶˣһҪҵֺݺʰ㣬Խͷ֮ޡԼ㣬бİ취Ը㣬һ죬һٻǲŮˣ
а룬ϵЦжһ˿
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ϳַˣ˵ھôһλʦúܺ棬Ҫ̨дһ£ҲӦսҧʵ
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жţ˵ߣʵǿڶʦ֮УΡ
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ǰЩ죬ϳһھܾڽȣΪѾͻƵµıޣͬȼߣӦսкη
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ˣҿɲث֡
Ҳˣˣ磬̨ϣһ
˭˭һءϳЦ
ҴĿģԸٸϳ˷ѿˮת뿪ٻҡ
˸ղŵĶԻΧ֪кϷˣµˣΧ£ⳡս
ϳǰЩ뷽֮ľֵ÷зΪҵ֣ȻҪΪܱܵⳡս϶ܼң˫˭顣
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ϳղٻ󣬶кܴģȡһĻȥϥڵϣʼ˹ָ
ָȫʢ״̬֮ǰ̨
Щ׼ϳһȥЩļǰ̨

뿪ٻңȸַŭ
˵ϳսŭϳղŵĻ̶̫
ÿһμϳ÷Һܻ󣬶Էĵˡ
ұֱӸ̨ǰ·ϺȻһ뵽һ񶾵⡣
ƺǳ
ڷҿϳעԼֵĶ֣һ̨ϳԱ
Ϣ֪ͨٻٻȥۿⳡ̨ĿϳʲôӦʹࣿѹģ
ǰٻʱٻܵ˺ڲͬˣɰޣֻŮʹࡣ
¶̬Цݣͣ½Ųı䷽ȥѰٻˡ
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ʦǽ׵ĵطԻǮҲؼԼΪֵĻ
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ǰٻѷҵѣͬİ·
̤һٻǰס˶Էȥ·
ңʲô˼ٻüʵ
ģҶѾûȤˣι㣬Ϊֺ㣬Ϊ˸һйϳ顣
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Уҵȥֹ£
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ЦЦ׷ȥſϷԤٻ˺۵ϳĳӿֳ̬ĿС


97 
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˲̨£ȴ̨ļֵжôߣȫԵһ￴
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Ϊ֮һķԾϣȴϳ֣ͬʱһԼȡ
һô˵ȣϻģڵӿţھ֣ѵ˴ȵģ
޷һʱ飬Ҳû
ôãǸϳôò᲻˰ɣ
ܣʵǿʦǰéϳէǷĶ֣
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Ǻǣӵ̫ˡ
ٵһٲҾȥܲôɵȡ
ǿ쿴ϳˣ
˵˵ţȻ˸ߺһϰٵĿ⣬תƹȥ˴ڴӰ󣬻һ￴ֵĸƨ档
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98 ŭս
˵ڣϳ䣬صնȥһ貵֮ɳֱƶȥ
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ٷӣ;ͻȻһתۣ䳯շȥգۼʧ
ϳֻзִģһ˵һ԰һɾ档
һԺܷˡϳ
һͷ۵ļͷ첽ߵϳߡ˶һۣղ
ϳȻΥھַ棬ȻϮҡھϽ˽̨ϴԣ˽Ҫܷģüŭ
ҹҶƤ˵棬̨浶ǹһ˵ģͱҳʲô棬ǵ̨Ϸָߵͣг𱨳ϳ˼ͬʱҲԳ˾Եš
ⷬһеģ˵˵ϡ
һת¶һĨЦͷҲã÷ͷ㣬̨Ļ㡣ֿǺصģ֤ȷĳͷʮٱ
ıûʲô˼ǶټӸͷӮˣԺһ鷳תͶҵţΣϳ
أ
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ģзִ磬ûн꣬Ҳϳ¶һĨŵЦݣȭͷĴͬѧؿһ¡
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ϳһԾ̨ϣһ·ߵ˶ߵĵשڵθ
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ϳ˲ȫװһһʥףǽշ쵶׵ûмʹãݴ˰ٱϻС
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ڼʮΧ֮УתŲֵ߳ϳĵһһֵڲ֮ءƾһּɿ˵ȷʵӡ
˲лʽ̨չս̶һӾͶ˺üС
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ױǰ壬һǰˣײ˷ؿ֮ϣײõɳȥһ·е̨ԵЩˤȥ
Ҫͷת͹֫ٺɢǹԸУһŲֹסȥơ
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˵սʵϾǵʹŹ


100 
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ҪˣʧܸգϵԽԽأѾ֮ǣٿȥֻֿ԰ˡ
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101 ⵶
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ϢƬ̣ϳָĲˣûмٴͶйصȡ˼ͻƱ׼ιµͷ޳ԡ
ʱͷ޶Ѿﵽ˳ɳޣҪٽһֻܶͻƱ
Ǹ޵׶ΪͷޣǵҵѾ˽룬ͻƱҲ࣬Ű˿ѡ
ϳͷͬʱٻ˳
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үӣͻʧܡ⼸ʯͷɲˡϳ
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֮ǰͻƹһΣνͻҪ鱦񣬶ͷֻҪһ͹ˡ
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ণ
𣡡
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ȫɹ
ϳ΢΢һЦջͷޣΨ·񣬽ĿͻƱ˹ȥĿҲˣٸұǿһ㣡


102 г
ƽչǿĸǿͷУͻƹΣȻǿһЩͻƱϣܹøΪɹ۵
ӥһһͻƱ񣬷ɿĳ
ϳŵĿһĻϣӣͿˣĿʯͷһ𣬼ֵǧ֮ࡣ
ͻƵĴԽ࣬Խʧܣӵοʼɹʧܵıή߿ģҪʧܺüβܳɹ
ϳת˽֣ⷽİձȳ˴öࡣ
ĿͻƱԸ⣬ζȻǣһȦͷĻ澹ȻĽɫ䡣һǿĲɢͷȻսʮ㣬Ƿ൱ˣ
ɹˣ
ϳһǮû׻
ͻÿҪı񶼻ᷭĿ飬´ξǰ˿ˣҪĸ࣬ҳɹʻø͡
ⷽ涼Դһͻξͻ֣ͣǼΪƴֵˣŻͻƵĴΡ
ϧͻƱ̫٣ʣµͷû취ͻƣǮĻͷϵǮֲ󹻣ÿǴȥ׬Ǯˡϳĥ
ͷޣרһͷˣΪԺ󻹻᲻滻ޡүڣû׼ٻ𼶱ˣʱעҪ滻еıޣϻ̫Դֵáѵ
ǰٻԽޣ󣬾ûˣ
û취𼶱̫ϡУԽٻ𼶱޵ļʼСٻı޲һ㶵Ǯ̫٣ػزŲ˼ٻٶ಼üٻˡ
Ҫ𼶱ްϳԸп
𼶱˭Ҫ
һͷ𼶱޾ʤͷޣֱһ죬һڵءöֻ࣬Ҫһͷ𼶱޾ϳʵһأ
룬ж
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ϳվҼĹǰĿš
ھֵΪұĵȣҼǵڶȵ񣬷մ󣬻رȻҲϳǮޣðһѶȵ񣬶׬Ǯ
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Աߵһæᵽĺǻڸ٪ˡ
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вģ٪Ĵڣ٪ϲƫһ磬СȺĹģסɽ֮У̫׼
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Ⱥ٪ʲôϳʵ
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Ͽɹ죬¿ɹأмԹĸ򲻵ѣûԸزʶ¹򡣶ˣϥǹӦǻӲĹͷͷǿ飬ϥǲ䣡


103 
ϳһŴв˾ۼڴˣ͸棬ʮ٪¹һĻ
ͨΧȺ˵ۣϳŪĴš
Ⱥ٪ԭںڷһɿΪһɽ˼԰סɽ֮УΪԼļ԰ȡΪɽ塣
֮ǰ٪ھһ̺ͻƱĿⱾĺ£ȴȺ٪֮֡
һͻƱҪһǧңһüֵǮ
йϢֶߣ˳ȥصǿڷ籤֪
ڷ籤̰Ĵʢҹɳһ٪ļ԰ɱһ˿ºֻʮ٪Ϊѣɽ٪嶼ˡ
ȺҴûΪȥ˱ֻܽϣھǧ˹ǰѰ
ҹٸæ
ٸʵھûʲôùٸʵϾһѣȻͬھֶһ
ٸʲôܣҲ̺ڷ籤ˡ
Щؿĺڵٸһֱ̬ȶһֻ۱һֻۣʳѪϴΪΣյĶ
Ūԭί֮ϳҡҡͷû˻ɡ
ھֲիãԿʩԮ֣ÿһʵۣһǮС
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Ҫ۵ģ֮ǰҪһԼûǸ£ֻʵ䷴Լ鷳
ھô꣬ķΪ¹Ԯ֡
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ǴȷʵֵǮǴٻǸδ֪ٵĻҲֵҡºڷ籤Ҫܶʦ룬ǮĹ֣ǮʹĥûǮ粽аϳһе
ҲҲԡһ̾˿
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˵ˣϳͺȱǮҲȱͻƱǸ׬ǮĻᣬ϶С
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˵İ𣬱ϾǱ˵ģԼġ
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ǲߣҲûܺİǸߣֻܷš
һεϡ
Ѿͣˣ٪Ȼʪģҹĺһ̹ǡ
磡
һ˴磬ɪɪ
ҲòĶȥ
Щ٪ֻߣĶͨˣʲǿһ죬֪
ϣҿǹҲû˻Ǳģ˰ɡһ٪˵Ŀ˹ǰ٪ߡ
λɽĳϣȺ󣬱Ҳߣε飬ͷ
٪峤ͷûлأֲȥˣԾ뿪뿪֮ǰǵȥĵѪɺӵĴӣ
仰統ͷȣ٪¶߷֮ɫͷҲˡ
٪Ҳǿҵľġ
ܱѩޣǾȥȪ·Щȥ˺ˣ

峿
ϳһ漴ˬǰʳãٻһԶ緹ȶߣȻͣ½Ųתͷ˴⡣
ԶȺ٪ȻŢ֮У
Ⱥ٪嵹ִţһһҹûߡϳһ䣬פ㿴Ⱥ٪弸ۣתͷ뿪
緹ʱϳλй٪飬˶겻ѡ
ǲȺ٪ãܲĹɣٻ̾һ׵ǰݡ
㲻Ǹܡ˱ɱʹᣬΪ˱𣬻ŵʲô鶼ó¹ʲôͬܣս˰ֵȭͷ
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ĬȻʵȷˡ
ϳЩ˺Ⱥ٪ãҲһ档
һЩûûεˣԴΪ֣˶ľ֡
Ⱥ٪ľĵж󣬾Ҫʱˡ


104 
ʱһȥ
Ⱥ٪һֱ𣬵ڶ˻˹ȥǰȣѻԵ٪ˣ٪ܻ֮ȥˡ
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ʧȥ˺˵ľ֮٪ǹøӼˡ
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˵죬һΪ٪ڸȥˣʬڵأ𽥱䡣
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ŵ٪ûʬ壬ͬʬ屩ʬҰִĿĵķʽѰ
Ժÿ춼٪ȥŵһϢĹѾ÷ʬϣ漫Ϊġ
󲿷˶û뵽Ⱥ٪徹ȻִţҲ
Ϊ۵ִţѾƵǷˡ
Щߵĸûջ񣬴ˣھѾ˿ʼǽ֧ˡ
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ڷ籤£ҪҵĽԸֲף

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׬Ǹɴ֧ǮںˣȺ٪屨ѩޣڷ籤֤Ƿں𡣴ӽԺ󣬿϶иȺ٪ѰæɫһԼҡ
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ܵΡ
ҷںŶԣȻͻһ¸ΪҪȺ٪壬ʵϾˡ
ϸȺ٪壬ֻܺ޺գȺ٪氭ְš

ʮ졣
٪ֻʣһϢд棬ǶߣǿԲ֧ôá٪壬ȫˡ
˲ԲȲ˯ǿ¹̬
ȥôã˼ϣֻǵѡ
ӣӣϱŮ𼱣ܿҾҪȥˡŵʱ۸ǣ֮ϣû۸ˡ
٪峤߽ɺԵ˫ۣһѪᡣ
ʱһӰԶ˹
٪峤ϻ̧ͷš
˶á
٪峤͸⣬֣ʬߣ
ڿڣƽѯʵǻ뱨ô
٪峤ϵϣһ£ſɰͰ͵죬ɳƵȻ롣
˵˵ôΪ˸ٵĳ͡
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һ
ֻҪǺڷ籤Ͷɱ⣬ץ޹Ȼ⡣
ãˣ˵Ͱɡ
٪峤ϵﷸֹѵҪֻǹǲǵģ
ǽһ˿ϣ٪峤ϴӻȡһ˵ϡ
Ǻò̫Ǯȫļҵˣ湲ʮöҡ
ôң˵ڷ籤ɱͼ嶼
ȴӶ࣬ڰֵòôңڷ籤Ⱥֵۣ򿪴ӣȡһöҸҾˡ
һöң٪峤Ͼˡ
ԣһöңȡһöҸҰɡ
٪峤ϼ˵֣أǿЦŴ򿪴ȡһöңΡΡĵݸꡣ
ӹö˼ѪծĳңС
֧ҽˣ


105 ˶
ڵϳ
ˮǰȺ٪ľĴı⣬ðոڷ籤һ
ö֮ϳ٪˳¥Щʬ壬ֻʱԭء
֮취ס˵СǴӹŹǰ
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ֱڣȻȫϳΪϳȥ̫ˣʵڲʲôѪϴڷ籤ǿߡ
СֵܣҪǱȻмֻɾˣǻ˰ɡܱԸȥ֮ǰһ¹ˣ󲿷ֶˣ͵ôԵǵȪ֮顣٪峤ɷнµ
ģûƭǣȷʵ㱨𣬶ǱסǵϳȻ
ϳ˵ÿ϶٪峤ϻǲģ̽СֵܣҶһ䣬ôǱ𣿡
Ҵȷųڷ磬ҪǱȥܲ϶һˣʰߣ⿿һ˵϶Сϳ˵Լļƻ
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ͷߣͷɣûͷ˭ҲԸæ˳ͷҲͲһˡ
ϣ˰ɡ٪峤̾һ
˰ﵽףȥ׼һϴˮǺúϴһ£ʱסɡЩʬ壬ҲæΪϳתҪš
ϳߵſʱ٪峤̲סһ䣺Сֵܣһټ̫˰Ǳô죿ڷ籤ôǿ˵ҲҪʮ߲ϣȺˡ
ҵõ˰æȻãҲ㹻˰æϳţ˳ȥҾԼһ˵ǹƥɱڷ籤
Źϣ仰ȴصϢ
٪ȫסˡ
ǹƥɱڷ籤
׶ߵʵŻе˵ֺ׳

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ϳһҪ飬Ҫ߾ȫ֯һַ֧ڷ籤Ϣ˳ȥϣټ㹻֡
ȵõϢȻٻųԱ
ϳص顣
˾ͬһ䷿鶼ɡ
ϳҪΪЩ٪屨𣿡ٻһʵ
ǧȷϳ϶
Ǻõģǡ
Ǻڷ籤öԸ԰ɣ

Ҳͷ࣬ûյ飬֮ǰҵܶ飬Ҳ˼ǹµľ
ϳ˵ӴȡһСӣϡ
˵Ŀ⣬Сϣдźڷ籤֡
йغڷ籤ϣһǮھڲģ˽ڷ籤ص˺ڷ籤Ĵ󵱼Һڱ顣
ϳ˵ŷСӣйغڱļء
ڱڷ籤󵱼ңԭ䣬ӿʿнΪξΪΥͣ˾ӣɴΪܣںڷһɽԽԽһִĺڷ籤
ϳСϵļء
ڱǺڷ籤Ĵ󵱼ңڷ籤ֻһߣֻҪڷ籤ͲˣʣĶں֮ڡ
ΧĬĬϳĻ۾Сϵİֽ֡
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ڱĹ似ƫͣʽƳٶȽʹõǴϲصĿ׻塣
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ϳתͷ棬Ŀѯ
ˮ˵ڱȱٶԼ̣֮֮ɱĻԿٶȷֻҪٶȱ죬ɱϣ
˵û棬һӾץסص㡣ϳΪӣҷ涼ٶȷ棬ıһһɱ̡
ٶܳߣ
˵нǴţڱӦûģǿ
ϳ˵һգۼƵ汳
ɫ΢䣬æתϳȴһɲǴһƻصԭλϳߵٶȾȻתٶȸ죡
ٶʲôʱôˣ溧Ȼۿϳһ˹ı顣
Ҳһȡ
оõϳʵƺǰЩ࣡
ΪҶԼٶţԲŸҽ鷳£ȻҰٷְٱ֤ҵٶӦǱȺڱġֻҪұ죬Улɱϳݺݵ
⡢ٶȿ컹һȻ廰ָָСϵһ仰ᵽ˺ڱһ𼶿ףпɱͱĿסƿףٿҲûãͺñӶ󣬶һٿҲ
ûɱڱҪٶȣҪһĽ𼶱ޣֻ㣬ϣٶˣǽ𼶱һûС
һ⻰˾ͺˮͷһӽˡ
Ҫٻ𼶱޼ǳ˵Σֻм˶ܹ
ûн𼶱޾Ͳܻƽ𼶱޻εĿףҲͲɱڱˡ
ϳ˵֮ɫֹ۵·ͬСɣһʱһ᲼üٻܲٻ𼶱ޡ
˵ףɾˡٻЦ


106 
ϳҪԸڷ籤Ϣ֪ԽԽࡣ˶µĿ֮ͬԱǵľӶࡣ
ȴŻܺڷ籤ⲻǼʯͷ
ЩΪʦûнݿ£һȴðӣͷﲻæпܰСϡ
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ʵİĪ
ʵǿûԸˮ
ټϷں˶֪ϳСͷһ˹ϵãϳߵ̫׵СͷؼԸְæ޼ȫһҲʮˡ
Į̬ȣϳ˲ûо⣬ûоߡ
æ飬æǱ֣˭ҲǷ˭ġ
ͷȥܱˣű˸ԼһǿͷֻԵú޴
ȻָˣǱֻԼˡ

ϳٻҡ
ʱ˺٣տյģֻȼ׻ٻ
үӣҰȫҵˣһ𲻵ңܲʮٻ󣬵ܲٻ𼶱ޣȫˡϳн
ΪЧܹǿ͸߲һоԼǿ˲٣ΪĻӦܰ۳ϵٻ𼶱޵ļʡһúģСӾȥٻɣĵ
ãһҪԽٻ𼶱ޣ°ǮҲϧϳ¶ĵģ̤ߵٻҵ봦ʼĻٻ
ϳִʣ±񣬱ʷҷһķڰС
ٻɣΧĿռ˲ȶ󣬸ֳһЩżֳһЩĻ棬¥
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䡣
䣡
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һͷ֮٣Ӱ쳣Ӵ󣬽ҫ
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ү쿴ǲǽ𼶱ޣϳϲʡ
׸ˣһצʨȥǽɫģɲǽ𼶱ޣֻ޶ѡл㲻ǾҪ󻹲Զˮ
ǽ𼶱ޣϳЦһЩʧ䡣
һǧҾˮƯ
ϳҧҧģǲ˰צʨӣȻʼõڶٻ
һʧܸգٻޡ
ΡĴΡΡ
ϳһδʧܣ˴ĲеԽԽ٣ĶͷҲð˺
ȻʧôΣûԹ翣㶫Ҳȫƿء
Աߵ˿ϳһδβٻ󣬼ȸеѽ⣬еֻ
ѽǣ˺ܲޣΪλҪٻѵ̰ͼõıޣ
ֻǣϳÿһʧܶǮ׻ˣһʲƵĿ
ǿһԴȵĶͽڻӽģͽԽңԹԽù񫣬ͽҪӮˣԹ߷ʡ
ϳǻٻء
ղٻı޲ǺܺôΪλҪٻ
̰Ĳ¡˺õģҪõġ
ٻһξҪһǧңٻΣǮˣڵʱ򡣡
ǹܼҵġ
ֹ֡
ϳʧ˼ΣھŴʧʱŲòͣ
ޣҪõҩ䣬ϥ˵ϣתŵеᾧ
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СӣͷϵһٻΣʵ
Ρϳ
Ϊ˰Щ٪屨Ѫ
ҲΪǣҲΪԼҪʵٻǿıķʽ˽𼶱֣׬𣿡
˵Ҳǡ
ҵָˣһٻԡ
ԣүҲټӰѾܲܰ۳Ķ
ã
һһС־
ϳٻٻ󣬶ﷶΧڵɢͳͳۼϳϣ֮Աһ֦辣ðһŵĻ䡣
ɣϳְ棬Ȼ٣۾һգգĶŶ󷨡
âһ޳ӴӰƾð峤ףռʮ֮һ߶ҲǼߣȻݶײǽѿ
ٻı޾Ȼ˾޴


107 
ϳһ̧ͷű㿴˱һĻ
һ޴ͷͷӣͷ֮ϱ鲼ɫƬһԴǷ֦辣졣һ۱飬ͫʣǺâ΢΢ſУԿżݡķУһֱ쵽󲱾Ϊɫȥжɽӡ

ξȻٻαޣ
ʢһԣǿ
˼˵ǸմߵıޣһΪǿûһǰ׸ġ
ӴټΪ֣
ڳɹˣСӣǽ𼶱γɵıΪڽ𼶱Ҳǰéһѵ֤ķ쵶ǿʮǮû׻һٻһͷֵ̫ˣֵ̫ˣϲ쳣˷ܡ
ҵ죬ǽ𼶱ޣϳ˫۷Ź⣬ͷ
ʵͯۡϻ˵Ͽȥ޽һԼ
ͷޣλѾˣ˭滻ȽϺã
滻ױɡͻƹΣ̫Դʥˣؼʱܾ֮£Ψױ滻
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ϳͷųױͷǲ磬Ȼ첽ߵǰְǱצϡ
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ٻеˣ۾ϳߣһ𾪲ѣӶɳˡ
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ܰɣٻٻ𼶱ޣ
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Ҳʶ
˾ɲ˭Ҳϲ⵽Ǻֱޣ˻ǽ𼶱ޣЩȷ
ԽٻΪᷢڽ𼶱ˡ
ٻһǧΣҲδԽٻ𼶱ޡʣʯҲ˶٣ʵ̫̫͡
˸Ըһֺޡ
ǺֵȼıޣֻҪϹӾܿóͷһǳǿ
֮ǰֻΪϳǮȫˮƯȴΪˣϳ׬ˣ
ϳ˾ȵע֮£ͷųһע뵽ڣ˾ķ
һɰԵƴɢۿɼݺݳϳ

αȫܶԵ˲ЧСĻֱƵ߳צ֮¡һּΪ߰
ϳ׵壬ܵţΧҲܵǣ
ҿϳִͼĴԶԶˮ׼ûбŵ
˾ûˣкü˱ŵɪɪܵĸоһɿ־塣
ͬΪǿԵʣϳܹΪɵԼĻԽ޽ԼǺѵģп⵽޵ɡ
ϳչײ·磬ɣƺͬλ˵ʵ
ľܣǿıȻҪǿˡ
һԼȻɣγεŦϳϵһȻ˵֮У
ϳԼĽ𼶱ޣ
ʵǷȸʵһأ˻ܺڱϣ
ԼɵɲǣһϢӿϳԺֳļ츳ܡ
αеɢΧɸӰ죬ʹս̬ƣ̬ʹôޡ
Хͨ췢ͬʱ˺αõĹʽ̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ
֮⣺ɢһԣסʹķȴӡʵȻӴ󣬳ʱҲӳ̬ƣǱ̬ʹôһΡ
ŭƿطƣ֮γֲ췣ԵɻԵĴ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
һżܣ
ǽ𼶱ޣܾǶࡣ
ϳϸһżܵĽܣХͨܣʹô࣬С֮ŭɱУһһǿ
֮Ǳ̬ɱУŭκ̬¶ʩչ
֮£ŭΪǿɱеɱУʹôҲΪ̣ʩչһΣ
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γʲô
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ϳóõûеڶѡ񣬿ǶÿǡְĴצϣԺŵʽ仯ɴСѸ


108 
ξ޴ıޣСı֮£ܱһСС
һξͲٸˣϳСҳ̫󣬲Щޣٻ
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¶
αҪ֮һ˳Ӧԭ̬γı
ϳ߾浶һһâҫ·ռ䶼ˡ
мһж
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ԺлԵģСӵĵ˻ٵˣ
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йⷽϢܿڷںڴ￪Ͼ𼶱޷ͬСɣ˭ٻһ¡
󲿷˵µˣòţΪԽٻ𼶱޵ļʵ΢΢ֺ»䵽ϳͷϣ

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˵ˣǲ֪١
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ٻ˫һϲҲ˵ܻܺڱˣ
ֻ˵˸İգäĿҪá
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浶İԵɱʣдȴС
ˣ׷շ磬ϳʹ浶ֻšȴա
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˽ת⣬дһµϳʹõȻǸΪϤķ쵶лʽ֣ʵһһʽء
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ͣһ°ɡ
ϳһУ赭дϵĹȻסеķ쵶ֱˣھڵһ¡
ΪӣͺܴˣһƳۣмֳ߷ȡ
ƹܷںŵĲңһЩ¼ЩʵȨ⣬Ǹо޵мңֻҪǸйص飬ϲоƽϲдһЩйص飬ʹº޳ա


109 
ϳһǴæˣôпˣ
ææϷ˵ٻһ˵ıޣúܺ棬ԹҲ֪ûİãϲоЩϡǿıޡӵ⣬ºͣûаڼӡ
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Ȼԣ͵ҵסһˣûУϺõĲҶﻹмġ
Ǿ߶ˡ
ٻҲ͸һɡ˸ƣǰ·
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ϳüͷѭ˹ȥ˵ǲǰ̨ϱԼķ
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Ƿн𼶱θɣõǲϵ˺ˣƤƤϳһ䣬༥
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ôˣ
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ϳԼûϵƤܶס޷̷ٻ
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֮ǰʹһܣѷ֣˭ȥļܡ
ϳû취ʰһת⣬һתܣƴһ±ΣղŲҵıôҸһ֤Ļᡣȡޣõȥõıһնϣ㵹ùûնϣͽеıǲ硣Թƽҽ𣿡
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ڽ𼶱ޣϳС
Խٻ𼶱޵˷ëǣҲû
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һᣬҧãҾ͸һޣղ˵ĹֻҪټһЩע
㻹Ҫʲôעϳüʵ
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Ǻǣ˵Ӯ˵ĻҲ԰򵽰
Ȼ
ãͰ˵İ죬עϲ
Ҫıȣ
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ﶼУҷ㵽ף
ղʱ򣬷ƴǣڸΪˣӲˣװһ߲ܵӡ
С֮䶷Ҳò֣˶ޣÿ˳ʶһϳ±ޣĿġ
һ˸˼ҴλڵĶ޳
ٻҡ䳡̨һǷں⽨ĵطҪĿҷõġ
ĵʦ֣ԶޣѺעĲ
붷޳һξ룬еĳл˱޵ĺԼ似ĺ
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޳Ϊ򣬻࿴̨ͬʱʮޣλһǧ˲⡣
ʱн˾ڶ޳۾ĿųеıƴɱЩ˴󲿷ֶΪԼеıѺ˶עΪѡеıź
֡
̨Ҳ֡
רŵĹ¸ƹܣӳҵ£⣬ܿ㰲źһеĳظϳʹá
ϳ˶һۣ¶εĵ⡣


110 ն
ˣȥɡϳ˵߽꣬˳ء
ߣСҵıޣÿҵıٲҲڱһնϣҧ˺档
ڳվռһ
ǷʽĶޣûҲûľ֣Ǻܿ˵Ŀ⣬˳еˡ
ıްɡϳ
һ˼ǽԼͷзǿβ˳
һβڵϣŲߴڹ꣬źʵĹǣβȴһӺڹԴ棬о
¶ЦݣΪԼӮˣֻҪϳ˵һҲûҪٱˣһֶʤ
ϳβ꼸ۣʵôļһôУɱ̬Сһ㡣
ûǸҪצûУֻҪжצӾӮ
צûҪоԴͷ¡
ԴԴ
һڴӦβ괵ڡ
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ۿԵĶҡȡ֮¶˽֮ɫ
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ϳȻмŵӣӳѩĵ档һӵɢѹΧˣĵ׷Եһɾ⣬ǾķܵӰ
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ϳͷһݣкȻУ׼βĲһն
â˸˶ڹԴϣ˵ϣ̸ɴ䵽˼㣬͸йһ㡣
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ΧĿҲһ
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Խٻּ޲Ϊεı࣬ٻҲࡣӽ𼶿ʼͲͬˣôˣܹԽٻ𼶱ޡ
Ϊߣоһӽ𼶱ޣȴԵӵһͷ𼶱ޣʱз˿˿Ľܹ֮ٻһͷ𼶱ޣŵʱЦűˡ
βʧȥԴ˲˵ע֮£һع硣
ŻعȷԼı군ˣɫø԰ף֪Ǻˡϳı޾Ȼǿһնޡβ궼סǿֲһͷˣѵͷ޽Ҫɥڴˣ
һˣʣųɡеĵѾˡϳһ޺ЦݣڶķУȴ
ϳһߣ̫ûôηŹңĶԹԹҿԼ̣Ժ㾮ˮˮ㿴Σʵڲʧȥͷޣ뱻ӲͷƤĵ
ֻ˵óɷ˵һԾŶˮգ֮ǰ㲻ͦӲôôˣ
ͷףʵڲˣֻҪϷζޣҿñķʽ㣡
ԲûȤҲҪĲֻıһնϣҵĵж˳ٴһ١Ȱ⿪ڣóҾֻܽȥˣںŵ˶֪Ǹ˵Сˡ
һļңѷƵ˾·Ҳûеڶѡ
ݣ
һҧ۲ѵķųͷޣһˮɷ㣬һǵ󫣬ȫͷ⡣
ͷ޸һܵ浶Ӱ죬徹Ȼ΢΢ͺС
ϳûаɣ飬뵶ͬʱӷͷмһ
죡
쵽Ӱ
ϳȻͣס·˲һ㣬ͣ˷ߡ


111 ɳ
ͷվվȵ·ûʲô¡
룬ٻ̲סϳղųôΪͷ޺ˣ
ǺˣʵͷѾˣվһԵӺȻ
ˣΪʲôǻվ
ٻ䣬еͷͻȻԸһƽϸߣϰ°ϸ΢Ĳ࣬ԽԽֱΪ롣
ԭͷ޶ѾжˣΪп̫⻬ûֿ
һĻȫһ׶ĵ
ڱˣ˵ϣǻˣ
ȥı޻ߣƾʧ
ͷѪʹ֣ٻ޻˴ңѵǮ࣬ȫΪС뽫ʹ͸ϳȴû뵽ʳ
֮ǰĶעɲֹˡ
ͷޣȫһնɱԼˡһûûأ㣬ǵŵ㣬ɱƵ໽С
ϳյתͷߵķдżϷʡ
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Ѫأǽһҡ
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֪Ҳֻ⣬û취֣ΪԼõĶעٲҲҵġ
ΪɳòΣһϢ
ϳѪ˵ķΣſ̨ϺٻоûҪǲҾͼ򡣡
ٻ֮ǰģѾȫˣôңһʱҲһʶͷɡ
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ڵϴ˼ŬͷմѪ˫ۣԹĿϳ
Ҳ룬ûʮİգޣһְܸңϣȡѵԺΪ֮˲ңҲˣ㲻ңȻѵ㣬Ͼȹʺʲô顣
ϳⷬݻһԾ˳أ赭дߡ
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С˷һ֮⣬ûʲô֮ˡϳ΢΢һЦ˳ں˵۾գһ¡
ԭ֡ӵͷΪ档
ϳ˼츳˵λ޳ͳֽʼҪдԼС
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ֱ֮ϳԼס
үӣ²Ϊʲôһֱڣ϶⹫ʵ顣ϳ
Ҳңǲм㲻úڷ籤֪ôСۣүһ۾Ϳ˸ͨ͸
ûҾΪ˷ֹ©ʱȥôãڷ㲻϶ԶܿѾõһЩϢһ֪ҵı࣬ҺܲȻϡУһϲԾͱˣһܾͶһʤ㡣
˵ڷ籤δػ㵱£СһûġСӾĶˣҪǰ˼ƣǺ¡
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112 
ݺ귽ĵ
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ϳͻƱ񶼶˹ȥһս֮ǰٻϵǮͻƱýǮġ
Ϊ˶Ըڷ籤ǰȫҵѺˡ
ԵͻƱͻƳɹΣսٶɢ׶ֲΧԲʮҹȸղŸӰˡ
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صķһǿ⵶һϤе浶һǹִͼ涼ڷ
ڶʱھͽ⵶˴ɣڴ˹г浶շ磬д裬Ҳ˵ˡ
棬Ҳӭشչ
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үӣڿˣϳһʱͷ˸󶴳
Q˳̧ͷ˿ϳֻҪۻҪư

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ֹȥ죬¾㱸Ƿ磬ϳʽ
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٪ԣһһֱһ죬ˡ
٪峤һл뽲
һûƽڷ籤ءڹҽж֮硣ϳ
ɹ񣬶ǵĶΪҵԸţԱ˶٪峤һʱƾҪϳ¹
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ȵ٪ƽϳŽ˵֮Խݿ£ҪΪǵľжϧΪޣǽߣʹӦǱˣҲôŲŽڣôˡ
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һҪҪģҲģ֮ǰǴӦһ飬ҴгɹԺ󶼲Ѱˡ
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ϳź٪֮󣬱ʽˣһȺ˲˺ڷ籤
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113 
ʱֻкһԸðհɽ٪壬Դϳնɱͷ޵Ϣ֮ı䡣
ϳʵıһЩ˵̬ȣ˸ţ½½뵽ϳĶУ¶ĸڷ籤һս
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ʶֺڷ籤죬Ҷ֣ԼͻԼ
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̫Сˣ֮Ĳ࣬һ޾ֲġСĿǳ֪ߵغΪһͷ޾ڷ籤ǿЦģɡΪԷһһһŸڷ籤
ţʲôţ
һ⾯ţ˵˻ʦַڷ籤£úڷ籤׼ֻҪȺɽɵӣһǿ䱸пܱߵļӹͬСڷǱ߲̫ƽֹڷ籤һɽҲֹڱһߡ΢¶һ˿Ц
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Ͷˡͷ

ϳʶӸ·һ·Ϸҹ̣ٶȡ
٣䣬Խɱڷ籤Խá֮ǰôǱΣھͲͬˡ
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ڶβԷһ
·Ҷ˼СģʱʱɨܣʱֵܳΣա
һ·оգ˰·۵С֮⣬Ҳûʲôˣ鰲ȫȫĵִ˺ڷӽĿĵأǰ߲Զպյĺڷ籤ˡ
ڷ籤һݣλɽ֮䣬Ҫѹ
ϳ֮Уûð
սʱ˺ͣɽĵ̣ռŵơóȻɱȥ൱ϣܰѺڱںڷ籤սǵʤһЩϳ顣
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Ҳ֪Ҫʲôܾܲһ㣿
ΣԣѶǶҾСϳ٩
ٻɫ΢죬ʲôʱˣ㻹˼˵Ц
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ϳЦŵл뻳УȻһ˺ڷ籤ӰʱԵ˿ɿ
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ᣬҶԼˣǴ󵱼ҵμ̸ТӡҪңСҶӰǵƤˡϳƤЦ
ȻյУȻҪ취ŭԷϳƵɵʵԼ̡
ﱤϵɽһ⻰ȫɵˡ
һ
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󵱼ҵķˣڸһСͷĿæס˺ڱЦ󵱼ҵģֻǸСˣõ˼ҳ֣ȾƣȣȥǸСӵԴժ
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һĺɫӰڶϣŭ⣬ͷ͹𣬺ƲĿӸǿƵɵϡ
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ڱڵϣ˲俪ѡ
СӣɣڱŭһеǴŵһҡһϯǧĳ֮ƣϳȥΧɢס
ϳʩչ⵶еƶɣתڵӰ٣ڹϮ֮ǰƵ˰ȫķλͬʱϵķ쵶նźڱն˹ȥ̽ԵĹ
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ڱ˲ϳϳֲ׿˫ֲ£ʱѷʤ


117 һ
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֪˿ܰطڷ籤ȻɵţȺһӹ̷һͷųбޣŵܽѰͼѰҷĲ֮ء
ھⷽĴԽԽ
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ٲߵɽ֮⣬󲿷ֵɽɱˡЩɽµˣǿ԰Ϣ

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120 
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ھֵĶ鴦һУ̤˹;
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121 
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浶ɢеİԵѹͷһݣԵһɾ⡣
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127 
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˷粨ϳһƽӣڵ죬Żصԭסÿꡡ
ϴַڷ籤ϳջķᣬ˺ܶ࣬ûǮԴʱûҪȥˣ԰
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Աߵɷǵİ׺ӣŸ㣬̤ǰһӹղҵõһ㴫飬ҵһλдἰһ£ٽļˡ󡯣ո˽𼶱ޡʥӡޡ¥Ӱ
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˵ף΢΢һЦʵ´֮ұ̸ûǸʥӡٻȻֻߣһϣɹģٻ𼶣Ҳǲܡ


128 ͷ
۷׷ףϵ߶ЩĶˡ£ߺԽٻ𼶱ޣ콵ܹʣʥӡ޻ǽеٮٮˡ
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ôһ˵һһ˲ˡ
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ھͳ
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ھǰĴϣһƥƥԼ޾УлмͷбӹЩ˵Ŀһ£Ϊʥӡޡ
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ЩӵнΪʦĸ󿴵ʵԼˣǶϳȴǲСƣٻк
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СӴСûԵ߿ҲǺܲġ
ٺͷеһ壬γһΣÿ굽ǳƵʱڣϵķ˺ܴһˮǽƽǱصһʤ
ϳȷʵû󺣣Žһ˺ߡԽǰߣԽֱɳء
վɳ̲ϣȥͼ˳ӿݽ·ǧˮһߣͷγɺߡ
޾ˮ·жأ
ϳ۽磬ںפãŵתͷ˽·
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129 Ǹ
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ھΪһȻռһ̣ü˳һԶ
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ϳһϳԷݣĿΪ֮һ䡣
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ԱߣڵìͷֱָϳǸԸϳĻᣬڹԭ򣬱ϻʵļ˾䡰ﶼھֵˣǷھֵСͷʲô£ȸ˵ԼԵú̻ϳƵġ
ڵҲ̫ʩһ񣬰ѵ½һı࣬տڲǿϳ飬һҧϳǿڽڵĵӣѹͳͳƵϳϡ
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һ㶣ʵû뵽Էô˵һӾʹӦҪЦȭͷѹܵͷһְȨܺƽദͷΪˣϳһͷǸ֮һϱһݣТġͣһҪ֪ͨһҰѼλ¸صļʦܸʶ
ǺǣֻΪ˹ȫֶѣؿ
ֻҪСӿͷǸһȻ̣˵ҵĺ
ò
תͷЦϳָŲڵĽ˵ϳղŵĻҲˣ˼ҿͷǸǡΪ˴룬ܲΪһˣìܡ


130 
ϳ˫ȭڸղžѾŭգ
ԱˣһߵǷǣһ޳ܣȫɶ
һǻѪϳڱߣֱͷǡĶͷšһŭƣֵɢһ׶޷ԶͷƮ
һһͣ˵ûУϳҧʵ
ʲôһһͣڴھֽн档ѵ
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󵨣
ȱŴ󺰴УҵĻû˵ءôҲھֵˣƤھһΣղŶ˵ʲôƨھ𣿴Ӧھֵ˸¹ǰھֵˣھֵģ
һ⣬·
Χ˰ͷϳ˵һ˵ϵ裬Ϊڼ仰ϳͷǸھֵںεأӦҪ󣬼ֱǸ첲գûվھֵĽǶȿǡ
һЩȻͶ򷽶Ҳ˼ӡ
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ޣƾ˼仰϶Ǵģ滳ԴﵽװʲôȻ˻ӹͿװĸòǶ԰ɣȻ仰ܶһ˵ɱھֵأϽΪھֵ˱ѩްɣϳһڣϴʷ
Ļʱ죬ε棿
ҵĻʱ죬ǵĻģˣȴͬţǺε㵽ڵĳϣھֵСͷ
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·ھֵʦ·ұȻһ
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ϳתڣüƵżë㲻ӢۺúֵҲڵӵݣ˵ݸҽ֮飬ԼЩ߰ģ𣿡
Ҳʢ֮ˣټ϶ԼʵžԵţҲʸڴӦãʲôҵģҲھֻǲڣ뱳ں޸ϵҽҪԸ˵ݺúʰ㣡
ȫ£˭ˣԷļҲܱΣ
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㣬ٱϻϯɳ걳ӰӳУĥȥ
Ŀ¶âһԾȥγһɾ磬ϳľֵ
ܳΪڵĺĵӣ츳֮ߣ֪˵һҲΪںܾǰﵽڸǱƽ˽𼶣ֻһ֮ң
ǲԳȵģʱ򣬾̨ϻܹߡţһЩ߸ǿ
ϴν棬˽ǶһжѣûзֳߵͣһϸµĻᡣ
⣬ɳӿͣ


131 п
ϳȻתеİٱϻ˦ɶһһףֵּ˫ǿס
ҲԼıͷ˳ֱһһһǹеĵǽ𼶣ǹΪϴϳʱùǴ滻ˡĺĵӣƴ֣޸»ĺܿ졣
˶ţղϳڱǿҲڱǿ
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似ȽϼֱӣҰͬʩչʽҪΪ⣬ЧҲ⡣ϵ似ǧǧٺܶࡣ
ԶĿƵĿߣڴŽĶսΪţС˶ʶ뿴λ˵еŵжǿϳ֪˾ûôˡ
ڵĵǶŲӮλĵӳš
΢˫ۣĿݣͲϳڲϣԼγһжڿϳԽԽ˳ˡ
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չս̶Ϣ㶷غϣϳҪʹ⵶Ҫʹǿʽͬǿһʱѷ¡
Զ˼λ˸ƽ֣⣬ǳԾ
ڵ˳Ծ֪ڵʵλںĵжΣҪ츳츳ҪʵʵҲǰЩԽٻһͷ𼶱ޣʵһء
ǱΪܶɱеĿԣû뵽ս˫˸ƽ֣ʮйȥˣȻûֵˡɴ˿ɼλϳ겻Ѱܹƥвڵţ
ںŵҲΪȣǲϤϳΪֻǸͨͬСû뵽ʵȻ֮ǿ
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ǰǸͷղŵΪȷʵף
˽ϳ츳λʲộһϢϼ
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ѾʮˣղŲ˵оȡôϳԼӶߴߣ˫趯֣ƴء
ָٿеֵϮĵסһҧݺݵȻ㼱Ͷ̥Ҿһ̣
ʹѹ׵ǿУ˫ֺ֣һк˷Χ۳ΪһӰʽͬʮ˰СӰѸټܿӵ˼ٸգȥεΪ׳ۣ


132 κ
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ƿڹأ֮ǿԼϳ˵ߣ䣬Ȼһһɿ뵶е߶嵶ƣȻȡĺˮ

ܳһˮ·һˮշɵϳͷ嵶Ϊһ壬һʮ׵ľ޴ˮ
ϳӶ˫ͷľ޴ˮ֮ɳϮײȻ飬ɢˮɽ
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ٱӻһգΧ˻ΪѾˣȴɱں棬Ȼָһ
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ϳɫ΢䣬֪ڽͷѵжϣϵת̬
һͷ׵޳ŭХ̾ܣӴ̵壬ӲĿסΧǼٱܼ𣬾𣬵ûʲô󰭡
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ɫ䣬ɱûЧ˵ǣԷȻӵӴαޣ
ϳˮңŶɫΪѿĲڣнĵңָȥNɪ˰죬ҳˡ
䣬䣡
ƻۣڱ⣬·û谵ҹһǿƲӿۣ׵磬ͬ
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⵶Ȼ죬嵶ƹȻǿۼƻŭ𼶱޶һɱ
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ֱʱǲſӣ峤ףС˺ܶ࣬ҲǸһѩ׵׳壬۱鲼ȫβϴһС
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һһͷȻңңš
ԭıһվĶ֣ϳԼڿͷֱˡ
ǲǶ֣֪оУҲУڶǰһ֣ߵĻſ죬³һɹİɫŶϯȥ֮︯ࡣ
Ϊַ磬ǻļܣһֻʩչΣ˱紵лѸ˥ȥʯͷ紵л绯ѣ紵лḯʴ⣬ֲﱻ紵лή裬Чǳݹ졣
ϳղ˶Ľܣ֪ǣͷϣĲٿͷһƶܡ
̤أҡͷβƶΪ֮һݵĽӡֺ֣ܶڵֻڵϱܣЩƼ
ͷ󣬱ٶȴ˿һ·ܿЩĸַ硣
ַɢں֮ϣúˮû࣬һЩϺƮ˺棬ȫ˰ף


133 ƽ
ϳۺϵĹ쾰һݣǱⸯַ紵ϣǻкã
һԾҲѧϳӣԼͷͷϣڵĳɱ
ϳûһζãǲٿչ޴ſһڼݼۣ֮һХżȻŭȴҲ
һ죬Хл壬һ˿ŭ³һڸַ硣
ȻչսʱԺ䣬ʱײΪǶΪǶսನɢףƵùսȺһξ롣
;ϳͻȻ˱̬ʩչ⵶˲ڡٶȿ죬ܹױַܿ磬б֮ڻϿ˺ü˿ڣβͶնһء
޹ȻǿҪ;ǵɱʹãޱ˴ϣܷ
Ҳ˱ʩչԸϳ
ֶ˶ʮУʹ˻ͷ˸ܾˣ˫˫ˣҲĵĲˣӽ;ƿݡ

ϳһ˫׼ڵͷն䣬ڵһһշڰգסϳĹ
˫ֲ£˫ĵ벽ڵԽԽȴһξ롣
ָǣһǹնңңָϳĺס
ⳡսȻΣյĽ֡
ϳĵִ󷽵ĳǹͻѡֵܣͻʧȡʤĻᡣ
ҲͬƵ⡣
ѲҪƴͬھ
ģСӻѶԸȻܸҴƽ֣ҵܸͬھҲֵ̫ˣ
˴һҧƽΣ
ϳеĵѹѹͷĳǹǰƽԥ󲻵òʵյƮȻˡ
ˣһϳ޺޵
仰Ӧ˵ŶԣȰԴĴڲϣұȡ֮ҧ
մ˸ƽ֣
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ڿĸʢţհûþչֳ˷Ƿ츳ֱΪصĺĵӣڵ̨ϻܹߡһȣϳֻǸСѣС֣ȴƽˡ
ܸڴƽֵģȻҲţ
ղⳡսˣϳνСǳ֮
ղſºҪϳƽ֣ˣ϶Цֻܴʡ
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Сӣе汾£
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Ȼ
ͷһݣ˫תȦô˻á
⣬ǻˣдûϴĻӦ˾Ұɣ


134 й
˾ң
һ쵱֣Ƿ֮
˾Щͣͬһˣǰͳˣƾһ׵İ׶ݣִһΪҰСɡ
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Ұﵽ˽˽Ǳ߼޻˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ʶ˾ңü棬йѣһϳԷݡ
˾̧ͷ˹΢΢˫ۣǾ衣
ѣýţٸǵǮһۣΪǵǮѵ顣෴ģҪʲôյĽϣһ΢΢һЦ
ˣҲҪʲô˾Ҹɴܾ
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ϻҪܰʥӡٻȺæü죿볯ϳһۡ
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ҲֻǼӴһЩɹİնѡһβУٶԼΣʮ֮һγɹͲˡ
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ϳˣ΢΢һЦеʶ˶٣к㣬ʥӡ޿ɾͱٻˡ
˵ɡܣмǧˣҶٻ˭Ҷпܣʵã
ãĻҲǻᣬҼҲץɡ

˸ռһյأ˫˫ٻһһٻһһʧܡ
ÿһʧܣζŴġ
ϳʧΣЩңҲûа취
ϳƵٻʱͻȻСӣΧͻȻ˾ҸǸĴûᣬܽ۵һϣӿٶȣٻ󻭺ãʧʧ
ãϳһ񣬵ɿƣճһ
ٻɡ
ϳڿգȴʱ
ʱεεţٻ֮ʱ䲻ʹãͻȻɢ
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ٵȵȣ
ֱٻɢ󣬶ŴߴϳϿٻ
ʱϳͷѾȻ
ת˽ܴﵽļޣȡƲŰ쵽ģݼţʱʧ


135 ͵Ϯ
ϳץסᣬְ󷨵С
׹ʢһ¹ӰͻأĳУıȿҪߴ󼸷֣˸ķӡһ¹ֱգݡ
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еı޳֣¥Ȼʧ
ϳԴϿհ˼룬ŻعһҸ˼ѣθСܿҪΪʥӡ޵ӵˣǱҪʤһĽ𼶱ޣ
˷ܣϲٸн
Χ˲ͬ
ǧ˾ҶᣬΪľٻʥӡޣϳΪ˶˶׷ѾˡΪԼеʧͬʱҲϳĺʵ̫̫ˡ
ԶĲҧϳ˫ۼɳ˭ٻʥӡ޲ãƫƫϳٻ˳ۣ֮ǰ˴ƽ֣ϳõʥӡޣʵȻᳬ
ͬŭа޲ѣΪʲôΪʲôٻʥӡޣΪʲôңǽ𼶣ٻɹϣˣСײ˶ٹʺôã֮ǰٻһ𼶱ޣٻһһһãɷҲ
Ľʺޣ޲óȥֹϳϳĺ¸ˣöԷ޷ɹ޽ԼûԼٻʥӡҲˮһա
ֹ
һͷӻȷƣϳ֣ǿԽ赶ɱˡ
˾ңϳΪʥӡ޵ӵߣͺɱˣҪԼ͸Ͻ㶯֣õĻᡣȻ˶࣬󲿷ֶߣɹ֮ߣû׷ġڶ֣³֮Ҳ԰ھ֣㵱ʦͷҪҲԿǣҪǮǮҪ似似
˾Ұдŵֺô
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ģټΪϵĲ࣬͵Ϯİռʤ㼸ųɡ
ϳԽԽȴ׵޽Լȫʥӡϡ
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ϳһݣö˵ΧǧˣֻԼٻʥӡޣܲۺ
һЩ˲Ļ쵰Щ쵰ʵڲò
ϳҪͷԼȻվһ
ߵǰ˾ͻȻ֣кâһǹлԭ̵ܶǹȻһɲ˺üأǹ˳ǹ
ǹ˸âֱϳĺ״˹ȥٶȿ磬Ǿˡ
δųﲻæ
ϳԵˣ⧲
һɲһ˾ϳһ
ϳСģ
һɽƳһʶԶˣȴֱǰĹ˾ҵĳǹ
ײʹǹƫбһϬϳĶϷɹĶ䣬ڿյϣըһӡ
˾һУȻŭתǹ⣬ٴ׼ϳҪͬʱֹ˸ղųˡ
䣡
һƷĳһֽؿϣʱѪһξ롣
棡
վϳߣ͵ϮҲûжν֡һ֪˾Ȼ֮ǿּܻ
ͨߣסһƣȴӲΪͨ


136 ұɱ
֮ǸţֻϳŸȥˣԵͨһЩʵȴ߶Ҫǿ
ȻסΣʹƾһ첻µزµľͷٴι˾ҡһ˪

˾ŭȣһƣǷϮĽһСϡ
һαɣ³һѪˤԶ˲ȥѾʡˣȴִŵĽеĽɿ֡
Ѫûаղ˲ϢĽ棬谭˾ҵĹƣΪϳȡ˻Ļᡣ
ھֵ˷׷׷ӦϮǵͬţ⵱ȻӲ
˲Լͬļ֣˾ңܴ󲿷˶ǱϾڶ࣬·㼯һв𼶡
˾Ҵʧ֪ɱϳѾˣϣˣͬʱƺ棬һɳĿ
ھֵչ׷ٶȫ˾ҪһЩ˫ľԽԽ
ʱ˿̣ϳڸʥӡ޵ԼƫͷԶڵϻԲѵ棬ǹŵѪʱĿѡ
ŭ˵ķŭ
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֪ݣѼ飬ֻйؼʱ̣ܿһ˹ѡ
һ屡죬һһεա
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ӡһˣ֮󣬿Դ˵໹Ǳ޶Чӵ˫ʵӡЧԵӣеˣӡЧԽԽǿ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
ٶȷӡӡЧƣֻӡٶȡ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
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ʥӡķӡ¹Ҳ֮𣬹âﵽʢʱ׼е˾˹ȥƫУĿ꣡
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˾һҧ߿ٶȣѳ̵ʹ˳
ಣಣ
׹һգһС
˾һٶٴ½
ϳ侮ʯʥӡ޵ļͳͳ˳ٶȷӡӡӶ˾ң˵ٶʵѹһء
˾ҵٶ˽׷ȥһ׷һ߹˾ֻ˱ܣϾˣС
ʥӡʩչӡܣҲûˣϳɴ¹Լ˫׷ٶһӿࡣ
˫뿪ʼѸ̵̣мʮԶʱ˾ҲòתųǹƵĺȵýߣҵĶ֣׷ô
ȥģСүɱľǽ𼶣ϳһԽڶ˫һ˾ң˿νΪ
˾ҳӭУʩչһǹгǹ緱ǵ㣬ҫգ
ǹâϳӰһܿй˾һ۵һ˾Ҽͷе˿ɼǣ


137 ǧ
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͵Ϯңҵѣʹ죡
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˾ˣѪ쮷ɣæͷųһͷ𼶱޵ϳ
һͷβèѰèһȦڱǺСɵˡٶȷɿ죬צӷͬĽвͬЧɢԼþ
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һͷ𼶱޲ûܰ˾Ťת档
ھְֳæ½ϵϳ˾ҾݣѲ֣ûóȻǰγһΧȦΧֹ˾ߡ
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ϳ˵زٵĳ滰˳ȡ˾ҵĴȻĸϻԭ
ȻڵϣһȺΧţԼĽȻû£֤ڡ
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ϳ忪Ⱥܵߣᰴ֮ϡȻǴ򣬲ðжϳǿȷĴ֮̽£Ϊ΢ѾһϢ
ûиι˵ҩϳܣʵ
һ׺̤ǰһϡĺ˵һԶҽ֮ģղŰλ˵Сֵһιĵҩ
ϳмվʩһ֣صллϴְæ֪λ˵öأû֮ǣ
ƣش˵ĺغأھμʱסһСֻ̾һ
ֻΣϳһɲԤУæʵ
ұסȴûбסĵĵѾˣϵʧԺҲ޷ˣ
ϳԴ˵һ
ˣ
εȽ֮ĲκˣҲԼֱ֣֮ɱ죡
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ܵܣֻһﵤĵָһʱ䣬ָܻ˾ųɡǡﵤ̫ϡаһġϴش


138 
ϳһתΪ֮һ׷ʵһﵤҪǮ
һٶʮϣһмУǮҲδ򵽣ϴ
ϳһ۸Ҳ̫ˣѹϴ˵һ𡣾ҹҲʹճʮңһٶʮ򻹲һأ
ûǮô죿
ϳ˼ת뵽˸ִǮİ취ھ֣ϼ壬ת˽䣬̶ȵȣһ顣
ǿϳɬϴ˵Ǯֻһ⣬б⡣ﵤƣ򵽣ҲֻҩƳﵤ
ҩ䣿˵ˣЩӡ󣬴˵ǵȵĹͨһƳǧֵҩǰȥ󵤵ﲻϳ
ûʦ಻ţҲһЩǳҩǸʦһȣֱԣʵ̫Զˡ
ѵϾֻҩһ˻ƿﵤ
Ȼֹһˣ˲żüãʦмģǵ飬Ҫƣʮûܷ¿ﵤˣƾͻתʱϵľˣԺ¿ﵤλСֵܵΪҲ޷ָ֮ǰˮ׼ҪλѣסΪֻܱߵ󵤣ԳסڵȵʦΨһѡʦ̫ԶԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
ʮƣ
ϳѹ
һٶʮҾͺѴˣοʱƣҪʮڰѵҩ֣ι⼸ǲܰ쵽顣
ѲҪĿϵ
ϳ޷
λʦԸΣҸˣߵҩԺǮӦ𣿡ϳдʵ£˵Ը⵱˵ѯʣֻܰѯʡ
ʦ󵤵֮꣬˵ˣⷽ棬ľ˸κˣҩֻһֽǮһֽûа֮ͨһʱղϹҩǮһַʦȡҩһЩ֪ܲܰõϴǰλɽˮλȴ
ʲô뾡˵Ҳ취ԡ
·
ϴ˼һ˫˸˸Ź⣬һͷˮϳϸһºΪ·֣ʵܶݡ
ҩӵȣ⴦ɽ·ߣһ·Ϊ·һ·Ϊ·󵤵Ĺ˿ֻܶѡһ·ҩ͵ùԹԸǮһöҶУ·Ͳͬˣһ֮·ܴͨҩѵõһҩΪ
ҩƵĵҩֵǣﵤ㲻ģҲС·ѵõһҩ˵ջ֮󣬿֪ܴ·ͷӵˣ˭Ǯҩ
·ؿ飬̤·ĵһҪͼΪֻ̣ʮ꣬Ϊϵ꿡ܲʸŴ·ʹʵǿҲС
·һأؾͷһͭӣҪһʱأͭӣʹȣͨһرһѣΪף޼
ѣ죡
ҩңȻԼɣƽ޹ʵİ·ţ޷ҪύӢŰˡ
ܴ·ȫǺЩպĳɾͲҩװ׵õһҩȻĴмɳΪһ뢣Ҳݶ顣
·ҩͳҩҲύλţĴۣ׬ˡ
ϴһˮ·ҡҡͷ´ף֪Ѿ߰û·ͷĴˡҸղżʶʵ֪㲻ǳ֮Ÿ˵Щ¡
л֪ܿǻﵤΨһ;ˣҲҪһԡϳȭ
λ˵̫أ˵ҿտһʱ䣬ҵҽƲڼء㵽ȥѰﵤԼˣޣֻܰﵽ
Ƽˮ꣬˼Ըæʵĳһ񣡡
ϳٴζϴһȡһǮϴУǱͬʱҲҽҩѡ
ϴղιԵĵҩҲǴ紵ģбǮڣټϻչö죬Ǯ쾭塣
Ȼ𣬵Ⱦݴмǧ֮ңϳҪ󵤾ˣھ͵ץʱˣܿ
ǰҪȻΪʥӡ޻Σû취ٱϻߡ
ϳղһֱæģڲΪʥӡ޻εĻᡣ
үӣ˵Ұʥӡ޻γʲôãϳḧʥӡޱѯת˽
ʥӡ޵ļû̬ƣʺڱ̬ʹãǹõıһķ߿ɲСѾˣһе࣬ˣʥӡ޻γһƴķɵƽʱУʹáַһἸţԺԽ̸㡣һѽ顣


139 
ɵСҿûùϳ
ɵҲǵúһޱȡƳ
ȰԱǾͰʥӡ޻Ϊɵˡ
Ұʽ㣬ųߴ绯Ρ
ϳԶУݶĽ̵Ժйճһɵ
ƳҶͣ뵶ۻһ壬ûаµĻ֡
ʥӡ巢⣬˵Ѹٱ仯ܿСΪһ˸ŷĵѩɵ
ϳιı֮Сˡ
պ÷ɵϳƷĿע֮£̤ǰȵ·
ǰ;δأһŵϳҲ˵ʮİաҪǣɹֱӹϵĵܷ񿵸ʤܣҲӲͷƤϡ
˿нԶ˼Ϊ̶̲֮һʱ䣬̫𺳡
սƽڡ
ٻʥӡޡ
նɱ˾ҡ
ЩһһսԣǳܼϳעҪӡǵļУҲ޷ȴ
Ѿûͨ·ˣ֪ܴܲ漣ǳ״ԪӡϴϳıӰŵͷ˻Ե档
λ꣬һΪ˱ѣηӲߵĹһΪ˸ˣǧﵥ´·
˶Ǻģ
ð
ϴпǧɵ׷Լʱ¡
һ棬ϳλ˷Լڶ˴ȥ׷ɱϳԶйǣûижʱϵþˣϳʧ˵ƽ߾ͷ׷Ҳ׷ˣֻܺ޺ա

·ϣ٣ĸ١
үӣղŵ㶼ˣΪҲôصˣ˵ʲôҲðκã̫Բˣʲôһٶʮ۵ҩҿ𡣡ϳʵ
ղǸ׺ͷㆪ£û죬ʵºܺð죬ڣ֤ﵤŪ֡ºڡ
ǿ̫ˣ
ȱŸˣҵ뷨ȥ·һܴܲԼı°ﵤӮ֡㴳ҳ¸㶨ʲô취ҩ϶ôӵŪһԶ·Ƿ߲ɵġ
үӣʡµİ취㲻ãƫȥ·̫ˡ
ƨôŲΪĥôҪȥȣ㴳һ·ôˡˣõҩ򡣴Ҳһ⣬¸ëûĽѵ
Уȥ𣿡ϳЦ

֮
񿤣ȡ
˿뼫ƶɽ·ݺᣬΪӣĸʢĵȾλȺɽ֮С
ڣ·󵤵ˣ󲿷ֶǴ·ȣֻ˻·
··ڣ˼ŵķݣ·ϣϽ˵ȡ
һƥɽ·ͷԶ۶һ·̳ƥһ꣬ǲԶǧϳ
·죬·Ҫһ죬ȥҪ죬һ죬ʱոպãϣмʲôӣҪǵ˾ˡ
ϳļǣʱ䣬³ʮ죬ơ
ԶԶģͼһɽȳǰ·һߴʯϿ·ɫ֣Աɫֲ
ڵطˣ
ϳ˫һʹһ
ݣ
һѩ׵Ʒӿٶȣһܵ˿·ֵʯǰͣҹ죬Сɾ棬ǻͨƥۿˡ
⼸ˣȥԵݣúЪһЪɡϳϵİë
С׺ͨԵͷϳһˮ˹·ߵĲݴԡ
ϳεĲ˲Ȼ첽ߵǼݽǰȭھϳ˼һҩ·и㣡
кܿ촫Ӧһ˵ֻҪϴ·Ϳȥһ̸ɡ
䣬һݵķп
ϳ첽˽ȥ¿˿
Ʈɢҩ輫Ϊ£мһ˶¯һųϸ۵Ϊ¯ȷ磬Ż
ϳȲһݣɶԷǴ˵еҩ䣬æʵʸǣ
ʦҩ֮ͯһΪǬԱš
ϳ⡣
ӡУҩͯǷ۵Сƨû뵽ôһ͵ҩͯ
ҩͯͶôˣҩ䱾˵Ϳ֪˵Ҳ߰ʮꡣ
ڿɲǾЩʱ
ϳһαҪ·
ǬҲɴ࣬һָǽǰŵĴͭ˵һ汦ܹһ˵ʵԼµΪֻҪСʮ꣬Ϊϣʸ·ֻһΣʧܵĻԺҲˣԼúðա
лϳͭ˹ȥ


140 鹫
ͭһ˸ߣȻո߽ŰٻΪװΡ
ϳߵͭǰƽľ֮ӳӣ˾ٷ·𴥶ʲô⻪תðһԣϡ
һдȫ뵽˹֮Уͺһů͸崵
ϳ˸顣
ͭ䣬ϸֳһЩ֡
䣺ʮꡣ
磺
âһվ̽ҵϳ
ֻһСˣΪ档Ǭ
ڳУ̽ʵͭǱڵȣֻǸͨͨСѡ
ǬھɨһۣͷΪȥ·ʹ·ϣȥȻӦ֪·ĹأҾͲϻˡʲô׵ģ·Ժ󣬿ȥʱҩͯ˽ġ
ãϳЩţҲЩڴ
˵е·жѴ
ִܷ·ĳţ
־ĽڹϣԶȻһź鹫ݵ
һɤ̫ͻȻϳǬ⣬˫˫˴⡣
ԶԶģͼһ֧Լ˵·˶ųɫĿףĿסȫ£סˣֻһۿ档ǿµƥҲǺɫģȫһɫĺѪ
Ϊӣһǰһں󣬱λмļνĳΪһŵҪͨһȦҪƥ
ڶƮ𣬽ɫڷɵķˡ
ǳѪӣʼҵþרŸ𱣻ʼҳԱİȫղ˺鹫ݵȺѪӱһλʵ۵ˡû뵽λڽãȾʳǿɲǬŴĶ૵
Ѫӣ鹫
ߣϳİ
Ѫһ֧ľӣٵܼ룬Ϊ߿ɲʵսҪߣøɾͨѡβܳΪѪӵһԱһʺĿףԺһлͶɻˣҲûǮ
鹫ͷǵΨһŮߡŮ֮ڻʢУϡΪ󣬻̫ˣʹλԵø󡣴žܿóʵ۽鿴
һɰɵĳѪһ·ͣų湻ģǽ֦ҶĹ
ݹ٣ʧһȥӭӹɡǬ˵꣬˳ȥ
ϳʵܼȥ·κηǬ˵ˣܷܲΪֻùԹԸ˳ȥ
ѪĶ鼲۶һ·嵽ǰΪ׵ӳһ֣Ȼͣס롣ӳһ֣ţ߷ֿǰһϿŷ˵̣ͷϸķһű飬ɴԤʾ˳֮˵ݡ
һѪͷϹϾĴ򿪳š
һۣͷڵŮӳл߳òƽƽȲͷϵһ̺죬һԵۡ
òҲ֪λ鹫ˡ
ԭ˵е鹫ͳͨҲûʲôۼɫҲеȡ˿һͷǲϳ鹫ۣа̡
鹫֮󣬳½߳˺üˣȫһɫӣӴŴǸûһǷ֮
ҩͯǬμ鹫ǧǧǧǧꡣǬ첽ǰʩ
ϳèѧŷǬǰʩ
߼˻Բ򣬵Ҫģܵø
鹫ĿһɨͨϳĿ˷Ǭϣֵ񣬱Զ;˵أ˳תת˵·ĽŻᴳһԱѧ츳Ŷ֡
ֱ̣ƽ͸԰
дųλǸѧţ츳ߣСС;Ͳֽ˵ֻɼŷ顣
Ǭλӣ봵츳ɣ·ϣǼģ·أ˵µĽ֦塣
޷ûô˵ֻһССɱҲŻס鹫΢΢̧°ͣȻ
ȻдţС˾Ͳˣףɹ·ƽɳѾõ״Ԫӡ
ǺǣСС״Ԫ֣ϱݣǱ·ͽ״ԪӸΪӣ
֣֣л´
ͬ·ɾͲ̫ˣ֮ǰϳʱ򣬷Ǭһɣ̬Ƶᣬڻ鹫ˣǬ̬һ˸һٰʮȴת䣬;͸ĨƵģר˵⵹Ҳ޿ɺǣϾ鹫ݰ׸֮ʱȷǬӱϥʮ
ϳνĹǲðʵʵվһߣмǰͽᡣ
Ǭά˼䣬һתʵ֪´ʱ·Զ;ƣȵϢһ°ɡλСֵһӦȴ··һֻһȥ˶˽ȥɾˡ


141 ӿڳ
ûҪϢһĳ֫ÿԳŴ·Ļúûһֽš鹫΢΢תͷƳϳѻøҺˣҴ·ȥӦúѻøҵģһѵõ١
ϳ鹫ţⷬüͷ
¶Ҫ󵽣ȴ·鹫ϣĻᣬ˵һ٣
ƽʱλø鹫Ҳ޷ϳ縺Σûﵤȥˣʱ̫ˡ
·ʱһ죬ٿҲ첻ȥѻø鹫һʱ䣬ҲˣẦʵˡ
ܵĻϳ治뽫óȥҪж˵Ǹ߸ϵĹʵ
ǬתϳҲˣ鹫Ҫ㻻һ˳Ҳʲô˵飬ʹӦɡΪһƽܹﵽæӦøе˲Ŷԣɲ˶
˵Ŀ۽ϳϣĻش𡣹ԹԴӦ£һˣܻܿʹֱͣϵڱ
˶Ϊϳλлʱϳȴ˵һ˾°͵Ļ
Ǹм£ȥ·ʵڲṰˣϣ²Ҫǿѡϳһһ֣˵
˽һ
˭û뵽ǰ꾹ȻܾҪҲ̫ʶ̧ˣ
һ̣˵̬ȶ˱仯
Ǭ¶飬ѪĿⶸȻ鹫Ƿղá
һεѹָϳϣ·ɽ
鹫һԵ۽ϳ·ڿһֻϣ֪֪о仰лӿڳƾղ仰Ըɱ֣֮֮
ĻȨ鹫źݻĵһŭ֮£ȷʵһСųնһԲϣŽвºεȰԵᡣ
ϳܲϲвŭҧҧأͷɳ嶯ֻһš
ܳ嶯
һŭȻʹ죬ҲҪеӦĺ
һˣ˳ѪĶ֣
ŭ壬һĸܵǣô죿
ƾھֵݵλھΪһȥ忹⡣
ɷ죬ʱ򡣱ΪɨǵЩܾۣ꣬ѧ˺Ϊ̡
ȡᣬõҩȥ棬鹫Ҳֻԡ
ϳһתڵҼõҩȥˣ鼱֮¿ڲԣײ˹빫ˡ
ʶʱ񡣡鹫ɫЦЦΪһģԭҲˡ
йһνŰɡ鹫һ֣ʾĹŮȡǮ͸ϳԴʾԼƵͬʱҲ̧ԼݣʹȻҪ߸һȡ
ԱߵĹŮӯӯʩæȡһһҵƱ˫ţ͵ϳǰ
νƱΪһȵƱѰջĶǰ߽õĶңǮǮׯܹȡӦƱݣƱԼƱ
ùŮеƱڸصǮׯһҡ
ж֮ʳϳܾл⣬ҲҪǮ
鹫ոջɫٶȳȻõŸտʶʱֿʼʶ̧ˣ͸ǮҪǲҪţΥǻ죬˵ĻĲ񣬱Թհ죡
һΣ鹫ԼԼĻѹϳϳ
ûʵûλû³˵ΪھֵʦݸһȾͲ̫ˣ˭ҲŻס
ϳֻ̫ѣΨеҫ𼶲ʵа塣
ϳһ̣ҧֽһƱץŷһ䣺л¡
ߣ⻹ࡣ鹫һᵽȨĿУٿϳСĿͶǬǰ·Ҫȥ·ˡ
ǣ롣ǬԹԴ·
鹫źƺƵĶȥ˴ϳ߹˭û
ϳսȭͷ¯ŭ
Сӣֻʵ
£ȻϳƵ
һ·ѣʵкܶҶа취ƽģҶûйܣΪľǽЩĥ㣬ϵǴĥɷ죬ίΪ˵ث֣Ҫâʵʱһѩǰܡ
Ҳûָ̫࣬ٻʱһ㹻ˡ
ôСҰٻ֮⣬ѧҰæ󵤣ҲÿҰƽ
·鹫ռˣٻõȴֵңͱˣôܵõﵤɡǱ߻ء
ȱ𼱣һʱ仹ǻǰԭƻ£㴳·ҳǸ鹫ºڣδܳɹֵʱɹˣͰȥˣεȿգ
ϳ˫һ
ݣȼȲǸ飬Ǳ츳ĻͲͬˣ
Ǹ״Ԫӣ鹫쳹յ֮ʱ֪¶һʲôı飿
˴ϳڴ·¸Ӽᶨˣһִ
͡
ϳһеƱΪ˷ɻҡ
νǮмš


142 С
·ϴ򿪣鹫һ̤·˶ֻ·ڵšѪ룬ϥʼ˹ǳ챣Ҫϲʱ䣬ÿпо͵ץΪ
ȺжĹӸжˣеվ죬ҲеĴ;ʵǻˣһЩ߸߹ٵĺ֮Ը޷׷鹫ѡλ޹У˭֦Ժͷɻڴˡ
ϳ˴ƽĴʯͷԸ˷ʱ䣬ЩѪһҲʼר
һĸĹӸֳȣĴй䣬䷢ϳƨɵǿʯͷܲռ⴦ȻλȵָϳСӣǿʯͷӿˣøҰɣ
ϳŸոûþ˴ţټ֮ǰŭδеĻ¹ֹͣתᾧ˫ۣ˵ĹӸ磬ʵ˭
Ϊŷ£żĵϵŷԱţȣȶڳӵļƣΪסǰꡣ
żڵ壬λڻʳһҪڳùٳȨƱϼܶ࣬Ҳ˶ˡ
ϳɲӣðһһ󣬱һҲˣһӵܣûʸʩ
ϳ˫ۣŷ¡
ŷ¼ԷԼûԼ£پ޹⡣
Ա߼Ӹ龰ȻЦŷ䳰ȷ
ŹӣͷаȻһס
һʯͷҪ⹫ӵĿ湻ֱżڡ
ȤȤ鹫һҪЦ
ȺӸ翴һźʵ϶йϵٲŷ³ԱȻҪû侮ʯ
ŷµɫһһףҲȥˣǲһݺݽѵһԺû鹫ˡ
Сӣôʯͷøңӿʯͷˣŷȣüŭȡ
ζأȻʯͷܿϣĪ㻹ʯͷϴϳЦ
˵Ŀϲָ˵˵
Һûãϲʯͷ͸Գ

ŷˣΧĹӸǸǱⷬԻǰϡ
ʯͷϴ⻰˵
Ц첻ֹŷ߳ŭٳѿ֮ǳһתΪϳ˹ȥһֱֱȡҪ·
ֱǰڷϳź󷢶廯Ӱһ
һɨȽŷƷڵأӦһ˫еɫ󵶾͵סţЩʹһ졣
ϳֳֵӸ£һһٵ鲻ãжԶԶҡ
ŷ¿Žǰѩ棬Ŷͷϵʹֻӣ
ôҲõߣһͱˣǰ꾹Ȼ֮ǿ
ӲƴĻѾˣͷ鼱֮£Ȼ뵽˾ԱϢĳѪǰǿҲܵеù֧˶ɱľ
Ѫѵܹ𣿡ŷ´󺰵
ѪԣϡϡЦ˵ȥæˣöһ¡
̫ЦˣԼ˸ͷȴҪæõĳѪֻҪĻԱŷµ
˵ŷ´ˣǰɱˣѪҲֻ֣Թۡ
Ѫ£ЩֻĹӸǾ͸ˡ
ŷ±ɱЦ
ϳһԾ֮ǰǿʯͷʯͷ֮ϣŷС
ŷԹĿϳһۣƨҷһߵˣֻȡ衣
λӸȻЦЦŷһҲϳ˼ּɵһлŷ£ͨˣǱȥΪòŷµĺ󳾡
Դ֮Ҳûȥϳû˿ǿʯͷ·ﵱ˲Ľ

ͬʱȵһط
˵Ϊ޷ͤ󷨽磬γһΣȻķ⣬ζķ磬ͤԶȻ
޷ͤ壬ӣӣ·̫ݺء
һͷɫִۣеȴǺӣһҩƮɢ
һͷңţ·ؿڴצִаӣɣ˼
ϸüĿֵƣΪֵܡ
ӱǺպҩ䣬ȵˣһ˫ǧֵҩΪ壬׵ܵܣھֵھֵͷ
ͬΪͷھֵͷҪȷھֵͷأȫһġ


143 
ֵܶڵĴƽæѵлһ
ղֳЦӡ
ֵˮƽٷһҲĶ֣˵ˡҩû
һУӦòˡ
ưģ

ֵǰЦʱȴ⣬޷ͤЦʡ
ȻһҩͯǰţϹϾվ޷ͤ棬鹫ݵʱڴ·
и߸ϵĹֵУһëѾͷСˡ
ҩڰ֣˵֪ˣǲҩֵͯ塣
ӷ䣬ද
ʼӣ˵츳ŵڶԶʤǼλ磬֪ܴܲ·ڵ
ҵΪʺﲡѾͷ츳ȷʵƵһֻϧڵң軵ˣ֮ĲᶨϲֹڵĹءҩҡҡͷá
㿴һ׼˵ӦǴˡǸ״ԪҪźþá
˽ܵ飬󽭺ǰˣÿһʱ䣬ͻӿֳһšҲ쵽һ˲űʱˡ
ƻҪò״Ԫӣ
ò꣬״Ԫһᱻ죬ҺܿڶʱڱüΡ
Ҿ
ҩ京ЦͷһöӾҪ£ĿһɨȻ䷢ԼĺӲ֪Ѿ˰ӵȦס
ףǲҪˣҩʵ
ڲŷ֣ǰˡЦ

ʵ֤ҩ¶ˡ
ʱţת۹ȥ˴ʱ⡣һƬž鹫ȴӹ˳д˲ġ
鹫ߵǰǬһЦ֪ʵ֪´˵ڼأ
Ĺأ鹫ҧгݡ
·һأܴĹѾΪףɳߵһ԰鹫ڴˡ
֮ǰºڣ˵Ҫ״ԪӣҪͭӸû֣ܶԼԼ·Ѷȴ󳬹ѹ궼ûܴ
ǬλСɫãӲͷƤЦĪΪС¶λ·ǵһС߲ȥҲ㲻ʲô
һС߲ȥߴˡ鹫õ
Ǭƥϣûܸı鹫顣
ȺӸ׷Χ£ڣȥο鹫ıտڲ·£ǲ⣬Ҫ͸빫Χ;
ʱϳȻ
ʣҿȥ·𣿡
ǳŷǬʵġ
Ǭ֮ǰ鹫һӻңϴ󲻸ˣǨŭϳСǲ֪ߵغ񣬴·ϣãȥҲǰȥֺαִţ֮ǰײһＱճͼŽȥ˷ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô
Ҫȥ;ȥˣû㣬ף㴳ڶأɱһضûȥͻĳˡǬ
ϳⷬĲƣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻǵ˵˾л漴̤·ڡ
Χ£鹫Ⱥ
鹫Ц·ƾһĲܴĹ
첻飬˰첻ϳͷҲص
ֻвľ֮ܲŻ˵ֻ
ǹҶ㣬ô˵С
˵ˣټ鹫˫ۣ˿˿ŭǣ
Χ˼ʹ棬һ˼ѪƵģָϳ·ϣȰ˵鹫ǲѪֽϳץ̿
鹫ȷʵͷתһ룬ָ⣬Цдһƽϡڰץû취ȥ·ˣҪԳһʧܵζֻȥ·Ż֪жѣʲôߵغ񡣡
ӢСŸ
ȥˣƵһȥ
լʺԲѷ㶼ƽϣҶԵԽԽˣϽˮ಻
ΧĹӸר˵һһ
ϳĬĬ߽·ɫע֮½нԶ
·ܳϳ˺һ·ҲûʲôνĹؿӿٶȣΪܡ֮ǰ·ͿˣܹǳѪȫҰ
ǰɱãϳڿνĹؿ
ǰɽ·Ϊխ޽˼䷿ݣؾ֮һԲƽ̨ΧֲɫĻ䣬ֻǻͷСһЩ
̻ǷͷϺϣӻһƵİЩٳɶ࣬γʰܣΪ˵ɴ·˼ɾ
·ߣɼһʯϿһ֣һأ


144 
ڵطˡ
ϳǵ߹ȥȭʦϳ·
мӴţ߳һϸ۵ˣģȻ֮ǰķǬһģһ
ϳһ
辪ȣҸǬǰ˰ֵ̥ܣΪ˰ڰ֡
ˡ˰̥ϳˡ
˰̥ȷʵ˵ܱƴ½ҲֻһҰ˰̥ǰֵȫʦͽܴһأ滹ܼҵļܵܣ𡢷㡢ȵȡ
Ǭ㡭ˣǰֵ԰Ϊ˸ôһװԡ
ǺǣûЦŵͷŻһת̸˵˵һص°ɡһΪٶȣҪǴƽ̳пͨѨλΧеİڡаɣͨ顣ģЩ滨һԷա
ԭνϳ˿ΧİЩɲ١
ݺܼ򵥣˾ȥ԰ɡ
л֪
ϳһԾƽ̳ϣмϥָ߶ڵתұѨ׷׿γǿ
Χİܵϳ۶γɷǰ֮ơ
ϳͺһװˮĴףװڣΧİԽԽ
վƽ̹棬ĬĬţϲյĿ㲻ʲôһѵں档
·ͷ࣬д붼һأڶʲô
ΧЩ֪̻Ű·һ㣬ϳĶ࣬Ҳࡣ
ϳڵİԽԽ࣬γһɳӯ֮Уͺˮװˮٶһкǧ˺ܶࡣ
ɵСӣգһأ뱣֤ٶȴڰٶȲСЩ³İ֮棬֮յ֮Ҫתʹ仯ΪӪ̲ȫգᱻűġָ㡣
ϳԶУʼȫתڵת֮ɽȥһɶ
֮ٶ𽥼ӿ죬Χ֮γһɹۿɼС
յĶˣܵЩ֮ڣȻǴ֮ȵʽҪһЩ
ϳʳΧ֮ɫһ˿ĹǱѰٶȾȻ֮죬֮ǰλ鹫ͨһز¡
ֹһΧɢĸɸɾ
һưת˲ͱϳˣֱӦ
Цϲͨ˿飬Լǰˡ㽻ףһؿ似һҪѣҲһΣգҪ׼
֪ˡϳվ˿ΧĻԣҪǸŴأһ
ЩȷʵǺöرÿ춼ûѵʱϸǡ
־ϸҿˣԺָֻٶˡ
ϳȥǰһء
һɽ·ǰȻʣһοشһסҲһһ˼ݡɽϣʮţŹֵĺɽһʯϿ̣ڶأ似ն
ϳһ˴߳ģ֮ǰķа˾ŷƣǰֵ֮һˡ
쵹֣أѾбˡ˵
ǰֵ֮еλϳʵ
𡣡
һصĿʲô
ܼ򵥣ɱѣֻһЩơ
ʲôƣ
ɱ㲻ʹҲʹñޣֻṩͨɱɱʮءʮһпߵʵɱǧܴ⣬й˰һء
ϳĿ΢䣬һصѶȻ湻ģ
ޣ߻ʣʲô
ֻʣ˴ս
սϲϳ˷˺ʤ֮ġ
ս֮ǰѧѹڹ˶Կɲһ¡ָԶķܣһûУֻҪΧнϴͻԿ
áϳתŸոնһ㣬Զ˴̶ҵĹԹԣ湻ġզ
ɱʱֻҪһ죬䡣ֻһλᣬúðգһҪá
ˣϤһѹսĸо𣿡
Ȼԡ
ϳԭػһ½ǣŴһȭţʶ֮䣬ǣ˵еĴ졣
ԭط˼ȭţŽϤ˲ȥսĸо
׼ˡϳֱ
ʮ˰ǱߵϣЩ죬ޣǿɿһõġָԶܡ


145 ؿ
ϳߵԱߣʼѡ˵ʮ˰ʵԶԶʮ֡ϳûκԥֱѡʣѩ
һԾΪ˰ɽһɽȥﾹȻһء
ź¡죬Ѹ𣬿ڵɽ
ಣಣಣ
һȺӲͬĶд˳ıȳ˸߳ܶ࣬üݣ׶ޱȣӲĺë
֮ǰɽеȻǷġ
ӵʮͷʱһĻأرգ嵲ɽС
һˣʮѪսڼ
֮£ϳʵ⵽˴ȵѹƣ˿Сʮ壬ϵߣĿΧ壬ѰźʵĽλá
£ܸһ彻֣⵽Χʤ㡣
ϳܹвҶκƾͬʱһЩ⵶еĶɣÿһɾ䣬ûж׸
ܼĽŲɽڼص
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ʮ緢ޣϳ˻ƾԱܳ˹ȥٶȿ绢ѵȵ΢΢
ϳȺһСһ۲죬һչ̧Ŷɽһ̤ɶ𣬴ڶͷӹȥͷ£·һ壬˫ն䣬˫硣
۵һ˫ƿ弡ȴδ̫ࡣ
ͨĵ̫ˣƤֻܿƤҵıޣɾն˫ۡ
ϳӹͷڵϣûκγɣֱȱߣ˾롣
˸գæת۷׷ɱϳ
ϳչѪսʱߣʱȴ򣬲й޹ʱʹ⵶ʱõǲȡ߿գÿһγҪ˿ڡ
վڸߴۿⳡս޵ĵͨһء
սȥϳտɲûռϷ磬ȻƵõܡģܽһ顣
ڱ̫޷شնʮδɱ壬ҪһֻܶҪµ۾Ŀڵȵȡ
ϳһ㣬Ĵٺҳǵȴʱ
;չս嵲סϳȥ·Ӻ׷ϡ
ϳƵͶ·ֻǿͻΧ
Ȼͣסԭأ˫ƴϽһ˹
ץأʯ쾪
ֱ嵽ϳǰȻм䴩еһһң˳Ƹĺ嵽屳Ѹת˫ֱһĺѣһԵ⴩̽ȥ׵ӽ쵶ӳ
ҲĽΣϳֱߣԶ˴˵ء
౻̵ҽһɥϺסѪӿֹȾ棬ûñ˫˫ˡ
ʮʣ߸
˳ϳһ࣬ųعҪĲԣһһ塣
ֻʣʱɽϵķѵЩɲɵϣоʱǻߵģǷ壬ʧܣһҪ֮ǰͰɱ⣬һ
лѣϳڻսӦһ·ϡ
ʣʱߣȥˣսپ䡣
ϳҧҧƴһѣȻ˸չᣬһԾȻûжҲ׶ߣֱİΧȦС
뻢Ѩûӣ
ϳðΣգİΧǷצػ裬ڹķ϶䴩Уν
һۣһϺһ죬һģһ
ڼ̵ʱƵֱնҪ
ϳΧŴһһγΧ֮У֮е嶼ĵ£˵Ѫ֮С
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ɵƯСС;ͽһ²Ҳɱʮͼ壬ʵܿɹ󡣡ƿ޵
ϳͨѹأ˿ŷЦЦȻ˿ղǳսµļ˿ڡ
Ӯ˹ȻӮˣֻ˵ˣӮĻеСǱ
Ǳ֮ϳǰ˵أ˰ֵеķ㡣
صĿΪѧѶȱǰظ󣬾ȻҪڼ̵ʱѧһʽ
Լѧ似֮ѡһչʾΣ߿֮Ҫѧᣬʾһ飬һѧ߰˳ɲϸ
ȻֻһУ似ǽƾ۹ۿ黹Ǻѧģ߲ʫ֮ͬѣֻѧܹ쵽
似ӡ֡еʽ㿴ˡ˵꣬磬һ̧֣ɽһġ
ɽڱ˿

ꡣ
Ĺĵطȥγһӡƶ˺֡


146 ֮
ϳҲǼˣϳһźܾƷƷǸּġһ̺ɾϣǵɽڣضʱ䱬
ѧ
ѧ
˵ѧˣѧҲҪһʱС
ҪǣһûаͶȡɵأݺһĹȥܴ÷飬ϣΨģ³ղһƵЧӡӡұϣøһʱͨ
ϳٸѹεĿ飬±Ȳȥɱʮͼ廹Ҫѡ
ˣǵڶ顣ޱ飬ʩչһӡ֣ɽӡµڶӡ
ǵ顣
󣬷ջƣ˵ҳ˵ֻһģеĻᣬҪհ˷ֻء𣬺úһҸղųʱϸڣа֮ٳС
һʱ䡣ϳͷȻ˫ۣԺлӡһеȫ̡
ƶηƣȫн֮ǧ
ĿռҪڵתҪ
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֪жôѣûдߴ٣ĵţĴ˿˼ڤ֮ųС
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ϳһлֱۺɨǧŴĶһ·嵽ܽǰ̧𣬺Ȼ䣡
ž
һ졣
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ٿɽڣȱ
һɽȥðһӡϳһ¡
ӡвûƣղƲ˵㣬㲻¯ࡣ
첽ۿɽϵӡ
ϳֱ
ʩչξģµһ˵ԶˣϲͨһصĿ顣޵
ϳŵŷ
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ѧȡ鳲з糵նɾһףڶʱѧղһУĻٸҲǰ״ЩԸ߾еġϳҡ
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ϳ֮أǳʱĻۡ
Ǳ㣬ϳǰһأߵ·Ȼͣתʵղдӡʲôȼ似
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ҲǸּġ
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Ǿˡ
ԡ
Ǿֻǽˣ
ϳһֵĳ嶯㾹Ȼý似
ΪѴĺ𣿡ϳЦʵ
ʦĵҩɲô׵õġȥʦʮҩһʮҵֻۡҪܴأͿҪһôĵҩѵĿҲǺġػʲôظѡ֮ǰλ鹫ǰ˵Ĺءһؿٶȣڶؿ似ؿԣĹؿ֮ģɷнµ
ʵȷʵˣһ۵ҩɲܵõġ
ϳٴ·ûκǣһ嵽˵Ĺء
鹫ĹؾΪԼ˲ˣΪǿ֪ܶ࣬Ҳ˵Ĺأ֪θ롣
ϳð뷨Цһ
ĹΪļԣعؿǷ鷽ʽء
ｨһеȹģԹҪ߳ԹҵڡƽԹĹУԹڻ㣬ʹ˲ֻΪԼһˡ
⣬ᵯЧЧͬԵӡ
˫Ӱ£ߺѱѣҪֿסЩţͱ뻳һǿּᶨ֮ģ
һ䣬ңߵ
ȥɡ߳Թɹʧԣʧȥңһἰʱֵͣġ˵ǰ棬һزȫ˱һĥ˷ӣǳʲôκˣԼѡ񡣡ѣϥͷϣѾںһ٣ϸ緢˿
סϳͷһԹ
Թ涼ǽڣʮֻ谵ֻ΢⡣
ϳǵһ·䣬ŵһæס˺
㲻Ҳûã˵ëףԻЧ
ϳǰһ·㿪ʼЧˣ߲ģԴҲκġ
үӣϳһ
ִͼĴԻĵֿȱǿֻҪסԼ˭Ϊʲôѧ䣬Ͳ¡Сӣٸ˵ˣģעǰϡѵ
ϳԶУרĶԿ㣬ǰߡ
һиĹ涨ô߼ٱܣֻһߣҪһأٶǲеģֻ֮ܿġ
֮ģġ
ÿһ߶Լģ߼ᶨ߷ܡ
Ϊѧ䣬Ϊ˱ѧ䣬Ϊ˳ͷأ˺Ϳ·֪Լʲô
Ұɾйصģƶֵעдĳɾֻͣػ֮ˣʸ߷壬Ⱥۡ
ʣϳʲôأ
ȻΪ⣬ǺܺķҡһԻЧ


147 
ϳܵԻǰģԺðԺð˻ΪԼһˡ
Է򣬳ָľɽҰΪ顣
̷ڽֱߴؽϡ
һ㣬ڻˮಶʳ
Ȼ䣬һ׵绮ʹȻѣųһ亹
ⶼ
Է򣬲̷㣬ϳ
ٴϳָңûãٴĻ֮УͺһŲȽ̶԰Ρ
Ҫֿסͱļԡ
ϳԼһεͷȣǸ⣬Ϊѧ䣿
ʱѧΪػؼ壬븸ĸžۡ
˸Ŀꡣ
ҪȻϵĸס
Ҫ̶Ůˡ
ҪɱҸĵˡ
Ҫѡ
ЩĿͬҪǿȥʵ֣ף֡
ߣڱУǿߣԼˡ
һ˵Ǳϲȫ˵ѧ䣬ǿܻ
ϳҪıˣǱѧռĿ꣬ĶĿ꣬ϵ֦辡ûɣ޷Щ֦辡
䣬ֻΪʶ۷壬ˣ
һ̣ϳļԣŪԼģ
֮ǰķ׷ţֻ󣬽ΪơƼգһų൨ȼա
ʧϳǰȻʡ
ٿΧȻһ·ֱͨ˳ڣûκת֮ۡǰܵӰ죬ϳ͸ûͷӬһײҵڣɨһϰǰֻʣһׯ
⴦ԹмԢ⡣

ϳЦֱһ·߳Թ

֮µҶһ¶Ȼ֮ɫתͷԱߵԹ֮ǰϳӽ˳ڣæӴЧҪֹϳĽŲɲĶô٣ϳʼղӰ죬Ȼһ˳ȥ·ȫ
֮ľȻ˼ᶨܹһиšˣԶҲһ죬һֱȥ
̾
ϳ߳Թߺллһ·飬Ҫȥһˡ
һ·ǰԹ
Цûµˡ

ȵһǲصңڷܣȫĿĵҩ߲ͬЧ
鹫˵ӵйţۿŻϵĵҩ
;ȣ鹫ĿһǴ·һǹҩԲἱ뿪
Χ飬һ㣬鹫ĻмֲΪҩû֣
ߣǸҩôļӣ֪ݵȻûԹдֻǴ˼ҩͯǲҷ
鹫ҧء
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һʦǺֲܿģ̸ڣǣһȫҩı£ύǿߣһԸΪս
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鹫֪ǸĲѾִ˵ء

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һƣͬĵϻ˲ͬƣ֮ơˮ֮Ƶȵȡ벦ƣѡһƣ߽ѧᣬͨ顣
ѡеǡѾѧģǾˣֱӹءҲûйǼʼͼ͡ʮ꣬һƾͲˣһǡѡԼơ
һصѶȱǰĹأһأҪڲһʱһƣֱ죡
յϵĵȫһͼЩͼϣӦƣڴ𵽾Եáָյشŵ˵
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ͼıյƱôͼֵ֪
Сӣһ֮ƣҰֱܲѡе֮ƵĹͼͿֱӹˡƴĵط͸үҳԸ¡
ûҪϳз񶨣ͶȡɣĴһءһο飬ҲһѧϰƵĺûᡣһ֮ƾͰôæһƣҰܴһصʱƻҺܴѹѹ֮£ܼҵǱ
Сӣ־ҾͲˣ㿿Լı´һذɣ

ϳĹأټϾģʱ־κս
˵Ĵطʽʱ䣬Ҳû취£ת˽ЧҲܱ֤һѡе֮ƣ˵˶ǶģֻǼʲͬѡ
ͬƣѶҲͬϣѡһȽϼ򵥵ơַϡ
㼪ԡϳЦ
ƶƣյƼתͬĹͼģӰӣӶ
ϳעӣȴŽ
ԽԽͣһŹͼϣͼϻһʬɽѪսصʬʤʬɽ棬վһֳеĽɢƣͼΨһĻˡ


148 һǿ
ʲôƣϳĿһ䣬æʵ
սɱ¾ͼ̺ɱ¾֮ƣɱ¾֮ƣл쳣飬ˣõ˵սŲСƼգ֮ǰߵĴߣûһʱ͸սɱ¾ͼܷͿ컯ˡ
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ϿֻѣȴڹͼӪսϣ޾ĵɱ
ͼʱǲͬģͺһΣ֪˶á
ϳɱˣѱѪȾ졣
ˣ
ʮˣ
ˣ
߸ࣿ
޾ĵˣ޾ɱ¾Ĳǿ󣬲˵ӻͻ״̬ȻҲ޷ͨɱ¾ĥ³ġơ
ٶĵҲסңҪͳͳɱ⣡
ϳɱⲻеУڵ֮سɱ·ѪΡ
ʵУϳϵɱԽԽء
ǽǣһȺ۵Ŷƶ䡣
СϵɱѾӰ쵽߳ϣҶܵһЩӰ죬ǻԶԶɱ¾֮ƱΪֲĿȺ뿪ſ˿ϵɳ©
ֻʣ²߸Сʱˡ
ͺҹɫŨīɽȼž
ϳ·Ͼϵȫͼ硣ɱ֮ĵˣվǸоƣ˶ҡ
ְͣɡ
ɱġ
Ӯ
ϳͣЪһЪɴʬɽ֮ϣɵ˰ɡеԽԽΧĵԽԽ࣬˵ĵѾ˵ʹѡ
ǰ龰ʼ·ľӣڡսһ̣ϳعʵ
ڹϣϳȻ䷢ֵ֮˵ĳ
ƥԭ
ϳʰɱģУһγˣҪɱƥ³ɺ޵һ뷽֮ǲݵľ档
һЦ屻ϳ
һð˳⻹Ϥס
ϻǮҡժͷڱڡ
ȫǵˣһһ
˲ɱ¾ֹ
ϳУնɱһˡ
ɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ
ɱ¾֮ƣɣ
ϳɢһӰƹħޣĹƶȻǿɱ¾ٶȱ÷ɿ죡
ɰǧĵ˱նɱɱ¾ٶȳ˵˵ĳٶȡ
Ҳ֪˶á
ڱɱˡ
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ʬɽ֮ϣ£ƽ·ղʲôֹˮɱ¾˵ɱ¾߾硣
һǿݡ
ϳ˫ֻۣʣ·йƽУɱ⼫ʢȴһɱⶼûˡ
վеĽһĴͱ顣
ղϳϵɱִﶥʱ÷ов·һͻᱻϳɱŵæ˵˽䡣
÷־嵽һΨɱ¾ܹ֮쵽
Ҳ˵ǰɹˣ
ٿϵɳ©ֻʣһ㣬ۿžҪʱˣҲͲӶѡ
ϳվתͷ룬ƽ˫Уûе䡣
жʱ䣿ϳʵ
һЩʣࡣ
ǲ˵Ѿ·еѹأ
ǣ
ϳЦˣЦôá


149 
ǧ࣬ǳɹˡ
һѵõһﵤˣκƣסΪ֮⣬ϳл˶ĺôѧһаʽɱ¾֮ƣ
Ȼġ
ʱıд𾪣˺һ𽥻ָпˣûܴ·ˣö˶Ϊ·Ѿʧȥ˴ڵıҪ׷Ȱ˵ʦ·û뵽ܴ֪֡ºһܾȡ·еһرһѣһأҪΪ̡ҳֹͼҪʱһƣһʱͰ쵽ˡ֮ͷϣʵǵ֮
ҲǱƵģˣҪһﵤˣҼ󵤾ˣѹեȫǱһ·ϳЦ
ͨͨˡ
˵ͨ·֮Ҫȥν״Ԫӣ
ûʹȥ״ԪӣӦõ
Եú˷ܣǰ·ϳݣǰ״Ԫ֮ءʱȥôãѾˣ˴ء
ûԶ͵˵ط״Ԫһɽʯ·˸ߣΪľ޴մ˻ҳɼѾܾûˡ
·ͺñǿ״ԪͭӲŻ״ԪΪ
ɣ㶯ִ״ԪӣĴˣȻᷢȡ쳹ʮһŻͣ¡˸ƣϳ˵ʱĿԿ࣬Ϊ֪λպǰ;ʱգȻɳΪһ뢡
ϳͷԾԾ״ԪӶ棬Ӷȭţŭҹȥ̶һ˲䣬״Ԫȭ߽š
ֵǣ״ԪӾȻ˿ûз̫
ף
ϳһ״Ԫӵıһ£ڿնʹ˸ٶȣʮ¡
״Ԫ㹻ĳŷ춯

һ״Ԫ֮ϵĻҳ˲ɢ¶˹⻬ոı档
˷쳹ȣǧ֮ⶼü

һһ·Ϊϳء
ڵڵˣֻҪӣ϶

ĳʤء
ɽˮ£ٲɽϱڹ䣬ԶԶȥ·һ
ڶ๫ӸԼҩͯӵ鹫;뾡һа취ġѪں󷽣̫ԶɽҲŶΡ
£⴦ٲΪһȻγɣһǼʦɡʦһȭٲʹٲˮ죬ǳ¡ǬָǰٲЦŽܡ
ʹٲҪȷʵһ첻鹫۲һˮƣ
޾ع˶ãܰ쵽ˡǬά
ΧĹӸץסƨĻᣬ׷ײ˵û鹫ϣ·λһһš
ڹϣԶȻо

ͣɽȼ˲
Ǭһ㶣ʧɫһŲȽٲγɵˮ̶УЬŪʪ˶֪
⡢⡢ǡǬ㵵㣬˵ˡ
˲֪ô£úơ
鹫µʲôǲȷŷǬͷʵʲô
ûĻӦ״Ԫӷ˴·״ԪӣǬ
ڳ˽һ
찡
Ȼ˴·
鹫ûܴȥȻܹɹ˵츳Ǻε֮ߣ
˭·鹫ŵʵ
ʱ㣬ܿǸϳ֮·ģպùһ죬಻١ǬƲ
ϳ
Ǹ鹫Ϊϳ
鹫һʼûϳ£Ϊֻһƽӹµ֮ˣ츳Լ϶ʮǧ·һضδܴڵ֪пϳ·츳֮ϣܵĳ𺳣֪
оͺһöʯͷϡ
鹫ɫòһҧܣܣһ´ˣ·ӦˣĳλڳѾõšǸϳһҲʲô֮ƾʲô·ȥһ£Ū·˵˭ҪھҪ
ǣȥ顣ǬڴӦȥ
鹫ȭͷջģЩ췢̡Ϊ츳ܸˣͻȻðһ츳ߵģʮֵĲˬǣڼţҲţǰиŵˡ֮ǰеԿ䣬еĹάڻЦһ̣ͺһֻεƣݺݵ˦ϡ
ɫ죬ңķ
һδε쳹š


150 
һʳڡ
ҩԼֵǰϰ㼸ʮҩζƮʳָ󶯡
ֵգҩŶģ˿ûãҲ͵ܵôӡҩЦָָǰζȡ
ֲûˣ㲻ʦˣȥӶû⡣¶ĶŵЦݣӣһڲˣζȻûʧ
ȥʦ׬Ǯҩ٣ͨľƲһֵ˼ǮҩſɾͲͬˣҩȫǴ֮ȥ档ٷϼµΪпܵġ
˵ҷǵðһƲȫԹⲻˡ
ֵܳԳԺȺȣ˵Цɸտϯûãһ˽
ҩЦݶʱһ
յĿͣ
˶һۣнɫ
Ī״Ԫӵ
ǣ
ѵ˴·
ҲֻŻ״Ԫӣ֮⣬û˸õģҵĵȿǸصĵط
Ҫˣٷɾûˡ
·ͬСɣζճһţǹȥٷٳҲ޷
ߣ
ֵܶȥǰ״Ԫ֮鶼ܼҩ䡣
֮ǰ鹫ݵҩ䶼мȥԽӴ䵱һͨСȴǵһ˲ˣӳ̶Ȼͬ
ֵܽҫ𼶸֣Ƚ𼶸ʤһٶȺε֮죬ûʱ䣬͵ִĿĵء
ʱ״ԪӸպ˰ʮһ£ͣ
״Ԫ·ϳȻ
ӰԾסΡ
һλݹ٣ԱߵķæǰʩȻָϳ˵ʦͷλϳոմ·״Ԫӡ
ҩͷ˫˫ϳ鹫ֻķǳ۹ⲻͬλϳϿ˸Ķתƣص
һͨ꣡
ϳؿϵƻռʱ˫۶Ȼһϲھֵˣ
ǵģںŵʦϳ
ã̫ˣû뵽ճľžȻھֵˡǲУھַһӡЦǸˡΪھֵĴͷȻϣھ༸ھֲչ
ư˵ģ˱ƵġҩЦЦ漴ϳһϲҵ·ɲһ׵飬ұκ˶еѶȣܴ֤еš˵˵һ·ôģÿһĿʲô
·ֻһÿһصĿżһЩҩһϳصĹ̡
ϳ٩٩𣬽֮ǰľҪ˵һ顣
мʵûʲô˵ģصֻеġء
ʱʱѧϰʽǴӡ֣飬ĬĬһȻèģ˳ϳһ·˵ء
似ӡ֣㻹ǻˡҩЦ
չ涨ʱĿѡ似Ͳˣʵ̫ΪˣϳǴ˹ȥʾ츳֮ߡ
ϳŽԼڵĹʱ·̣ʣξġ
󽲵˵ء
һѡɱ¾֮ƣȫսɱ¾ͼУͣɱ¾ͣɱ¾Ҳ֪ɱ˶ãŲɹһعѾ쵽һˣڻüϳ˵ЩʱĿûйڱԼҲû̫ǫ飬ʲô˵ʲô
ɱ¾֮ƣɱ̫أɲ˭յģ볣֮ơ֮ơ֮ƽȻͬǿҩ
ϳԶУɱ¾֮ͷų˶Ȼһ䣬ͺһƵġĿޱȣʧȥůޱȵ䣬ޱȵڡһӰȻڣɢһɿֲϢ
ͷһݣֵܵûʲô£ǸͲˣɫԲ԰˼֣ʶĺ
Χ߳ܵӰ죬׷룬֮ǰȻֹΧþĵģһѹ֡
ʱϳ·Ҫеĵ
ڵϳẦ£ֵܲӰ죬ǶǼˣʲôû
ˣɡһֻд˶˲ɱ¾֮ƣͨͼˣΪסҩЦ޵
ϳɱ⣬ָ糣
ǿɿصģͷųɱ¾֮ƾͱɱ˿񡣶ԣһһֿԼԦĹߡ
شĿ治ףûһɵģһ·ƾȫ츳ʵյȵĹأҪһҩֻҪƳģʲôҩСҩ京Ц
ҪһﵤϳҲ룬ѿڶ
ﵤƷ˵ҩ̹׽ֵ㲻϶⡣
ѵ𣬼ﵤˣֻҪֵҩֵǮѡ㣬Ҳں
Ϊ˰˲·ģ

ҩ΢΢ɫԼֵܶһۣղ¶֮ɫ
Ϊֽѵս֮󣬳ĲģȻִҪѡܸ˵ĵҩѡЩӰĵҩⷬΪʵѵã


151  
ҩ屾ֵܣǶֵ֮Ǻܿصġ
Щ֮䣬ֵܣʤֵܡƽ§Ƹ߸裬ʱ߲嵶
дѣкκﵤˣҩһӣ
һֵĵҩ˵;ˣǴֱʡ
ϳ־ϲοǼ˸ˣҩͣζٶҪһҩ
ԱߵķĽѣЩʦҩͯҲûȴδʦеõ˺͡Ҫʲôҩ඼ҪԼơ
лʦϳм
ﵤģҪһҩҪʲô˵ɡҩ󷽵
˼ϳ˼״ȴүӣ˵Ҫʲôҩã
ȻԽԽãұдãʵ֮Ҫ¥̥ˣֵҩ˵Ҳңõĵҩܴӿٶȡ⣬𼶾ͻ˳ˡ
¥ֳֹֿ̥Ź֡
Σڲϸ˵ʱֻҪ֪ҩþˣĴ󵨵ĳҪ
ãģ
һֵҵĵҩ
ϳ˵ҩ䣬Ҫһ¥̥
ҩЦһɫüë˶СӿǹݵģһſھǾ¥̥
ҩЩۣҩύһǰ;ľţֵõġͷãҾһ¥̥Ӧ˵ȥ꿪ᣬʱȥһҩ¥̥˵¥ΪֵҩҺķ˲Ѫʱ䣬ƳԼһһڻʣÿԽһ͸㡣
˵£˵ȥһʮ۵ҩҲ֪ҩǾ¥̥֮Ҫҩʱ⡣ϳЦ
֪¥ã
֪Ĳֻ֪࣬ġ
û¥õ鵤ҩƷΪƷƷﵤ߳ƷµҩһƷƷѾǺˣƾҵˮ׼ֻƳƷҩ¥̺ʮҩģҩΪۻ룬֮󲻻ǻ᳤ʱ䷢ЧãҩߵΪһ˾¥ٶȼӿһһЩƿʱܽҩǿͻƣ
ĵҩ
ϳ˫۴ֲת˽Ҫ־¥ֵҩЧȷʵǿ󣬾Ȼٶȼӿһ
¥Ϳǰˡ
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ڹϣͻȻ廰Сӣȡֽʳ˵һ㣬㵱дŵȥҩ佻ףٻһҩ
̫ͻȻϳһʱûתʵõҩ
СӣҸºڣ˵ܰҩŪﵤҵķõҵĵڶһʦˮ׼ҩ仹ҪߣưƷҩ֪ϡеЩһǵãÿһݵֵǣһҩ´ࡣ
ҩҽ𣿡
ģһỻģֽռˡ
ҪԸ⻻ҾͶϳ̰Ĵ
ǿɲУ֪Щϡе֪ܶЩϡеڸ̫ԿˣһǿԣҲɡܾ
С
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ҵʦϳΪ⡣
ʦģһʦߵĶ㣬£ҩжţҲˡǰڴĽ׶ΣΪҪʺȥиҵһֱû磬Ϊġ㵽˽𼶣ΪȷȹͿԷȥѧһЩҵˣõѡ񡣡
ôһ˵ˡ
ȷʵʦһְҵƳĵҩȿԼãҲóȥ׬Ǯ˽ѡ
ѰߣʦŸսֶΣ¶ȵȡ
ı£ʦܹ̿һӴĹϵǿΪá
һʦȷʵһѡֵⷽ淢չ
£̸ʱϳиҪҪ
нô໰ϲûаֵȻʱش
ڶ£ϳ̽ҩʵʦ˵𣿡


152 װ
ҩ֣ҩһ㶣ŵͷƷҩ鵤ҩΪʦȻ˵
𣿡ϳʵ
ҲᣬӦĵټʱоӦƳ
ϳҪľ仰
Щ⣬ֻȷһҩǷӵĵѣ˼ˣҲ̸Ͻˡ
ϳ˸һʱ䣬дһݶ˾ܲԣǴӦˡӴȡЯֽʣ˸ܹдֵĵطڶĿ£ٵдһݵеҩģδţ֪ʲôġ
ҩ䱳˫֣٣վԱ߿ϳд֣ҪϳҪЩʲô
Ƴڰֽϵһҩ֣ҩɫһ䣬
Ԫݡצ۷ۡ
һҩģȫֵƣȫǼΪϡеƷ֣һʦһ˵гôҩģȻһŵǷǱѰĵ
ҩЩҩĵҩԽдĦжŵ࣬һйشĵƵǺֵҩͲ²ˡ
ΪҩͯĶҩҲֶߣɵд
ҩͷ
ʦܿдʲô𣿡
ܣֵһǵһμ
󾪣Ȼҩ䶼ϲǺֵ
ҩһȻϳղᵽֵҩǡйصģϳдҩҩͨ
ҲдĵҩƲ
ԾǰƷҩ
ƷʼҩĵԽԽ׶൤ǲ֮أֻʦͽ֮䴫ڣ߸߼۶˻ɵĵȥ
湫ĸ߼޼кܶ඼Ŀļٵ
ƷԽߵĵҲԽʮҶпܵġǰƷĵǼֵͿֲˡ
ϳд˼ʮҩģͣīδɵĵøҩ䣬˵˾Ŀ
ʵҩղžһֱԱ߿ţٿˣֻɨֱۣʵĪĵ
ûϳͷ
ҩץŵԱһЩҶԣûбȵ˵ˣͺñһŸ߼ľ似
˶ҩʵõݵ
˴ڣżȻáϳԼĴ
֪ݵģ
ҲʦǺܶⷽ£˵ƾҩжһݵαƾһЩżأҲһ
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ĩˣһ䣬ᵽŵʵǲģ˼ҩġ
֮ǧûҩģͲƳ
⣬ƹ̣Ҳ֮ء
ϳⲻ˵ĵѾԶ׼ˣڴ۶
ҩЦЦֱԵ˵ɡһʲô
ȻǵҩϳЦ
θڿǲСһǮûʹõҩ㣬һĵҩ
ЩҩҶǱõʦԣֻǼǶˡ
ƨЩصҩҶԿɲǶͷ⣬ÿһۡ
ʦԸԸ۵Ľأ
ҩתΪЦϵԸ⵹Ը⣬ֻҪݵʵ
֤ģ㿴ĵ֮ƾĻ۽𾦣һܿαϳĵ
ãҾ͸ʽף˵뻻ĵҩɡ
ղ˵ˣһ¥
ҩ۽ǳ˳飬ϳ˼СԭһҲ̫̰˰ɣ
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ҩסƷջһҧھͰĵдҼһ£ģҾʹӦʽס
ʦȻ˿ϳϲ
ðֽ־ͻֵĵҩװǵĽ̫ˬˡҩϳѾҩҪҩֵܼ߰ңȻֵǮǲתġ
ϳܱʼ飬ĵд˳ҩٴιۿ֮ǰö࣬ҩĵ̣֮ࡣ
ҩϸͨ飬жϳŵӦð˾Ųʮ𵤷Цͷеæˣ֪ҪжãܽҩƳƳɹҵʦƷҪˮǴˡ
ʦˮ׼ܿܳɹġϳ˱ԣ˸ƨ


153 ܾ
ҩЦϳԽԽ˳ۡ츳ߣƷ壬ְõһĵȻϲ
ˣл˵٣Ҵȥصȡҩ㡣ҩһ֣ǰ·
ɽС·С
ߵ·ǰһˣǰֵ֮Ϊ׵ķǬ鹫Ĳǲǰ鿴˭·һۿҩߵϳ
һ£κ
Ȼ·Ǭɴ˫ۣо֮ǰΪϳ̬ȣ˵ΪϳЩһʧܣȴû뵽޳ϳȻ·ĳš
ʵھˣ
ʦʦǬԭأε
㼱Ҵҵܹ뿴˭״ԪӰɡҩ΢΢һЦָָߵϳģη
ôѵͨǬЦޣȴλԵ鹫ù֪ˣ֪ηӦ
𰸺ܿͼˡ
˼ǰ·˷Ϲ鹫һȺˡ
ʱһ죬˫ּˣֻμ֮
һμ棬鹫߸ϣűĻԼߵĳѪϳѹġһμ棬ϳȴѾü
ңңӡ
ϳŵ֮Уް⣬еֻƽ֤ĵǰĹֻԼ·еһСʯӰˣССİһ½ţ˶ѡ
鹫ȴǴʧɫһԵۼɳ򣬽Ͱ͵桢㴳·
Ҳѹᾪȣһǰ鵽·Ѷȣ֪·ζʲôΪ츳봳·˱ֱһĲֵȫһϵġ
ûҡϳƵ
鹫޻˵ˣֻշ̣ǸӵĲ񣬾Ȼ츳ԶԶ쵽ܼ顣
һԾŻҲǲһţΪߣҲΪ£Ķ
ҩϳ̬ȾͿɼһߣݵλҶûԽӼȴӼϳӳ̶˹
鹫תǧأתֱ£ɶޡ
ߣ츳ٸΣڳɳǰվǸӣҪ£ȥ㵱ҵӥȮǾţڱǰҲùԹ԰ͷȥ
鹫¶һĨЦܴ·Ȼ˲ţǻ弱˲ţϣΪǻЧֻҪӦ֤ٻ󣬸߹ٵ㵱ҵÿд似ڻѧĸ񹦣㶼Ըѧ
ֱ֦Ĩǣ˸ֺôǹλؼܵµνǰ;ƽ
ȺӸԣɫһ䣬ϳ츳ߣ˳ֲ浱˹ĥпܻĦǿɾûʲôˡ
ʵϣЩӸĵеˡ
ϳûΪ鹫ĻĶһ֮ǰôӣȴ£ʲôˣ
οѾھ֣ϷھֵĻռǣλ鹫˵ǽţҲ̫ھַˡ
ϳԱߵҲھֺòײðһţ˾Ȼߣܲ
ǿ벻̣
üͷ΢΢𣬲öдϣҪ鹫ǸСķݶϣʹˡ
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˵ֵ˵λؿڴƻռǡ
鹫۸ڶĿˣȷʵûôעϳĴţֱʱſǸƻռǣռǴھ֣
ΪڵһھǿԸģ˫ܹ֮ƽദֻѹΧйڵΨбһţй⣬⵱ūĶˡ
鹫ٵҲСھ֣οھλȨصվһԡ
˼ּɵֲľʹ˷˵ȥĻóȥˮǽԣȻҲĶȥ
ľܣǰȻھֵˣԶھֵˣȳϣֻҪԸ⣬ʱ뿪ھ֣תͶǻ¡ھܸģԸ˫ࡣ鹫ٴγ£
ѹûҵĻ£ûھֵ£Ȼ˵ֻҲ֪ǺξģҿȷĴ㣬ҶûһȤϳֱԾܾ
㲻ٿǿǣɲ˭еģжͷ궼û·
ܲɣҲȺ֮еһԴǵ£ھҵ¡
㣡鹫Ȼŭϳ̬ȸǻˣ֮ǰ;ϳʶ̧٣ڸȷһ㣬һǸڤ粻ʯͷ


154 
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˵䣬Ӵȡһͼݵϳǰ
һĺ
ͼٻضıޣЧ뽵ƣ౦ʮϡУߵȼͼ͸ϡˡһͼļֵһҶס
֮ϳôصһǸ鹫סھֵ棬Ϊ˰סϳģۡ
ϳӹͼͼͼɵȻĶ𼶱ޣһޣ⸱ͼٻһ𼶱޳ͷ𼶱ˡ
Ϊȴ𼶱ޣʵˬ졣Ѱ߿ûǵۺɡ
лͷϳ̹Ȼܣл
ͷ鹫Ƶ˵Ҫ˫ݵĴ£ϳղͳһݽͼǲǸͳݣ
һӾͰ鹫ǺסˣϿûͼˣҲ͸ϳϾԷûӦݵڻ££ϳĶ⡣
ͼѣǻĲֿеǣֻûѡ鹫˲Ӳ
Ǻǣͼȷʵʲôϡ⡣һЦȡһ
һŰƴƣƣŽߣвǶһ
ǵͷƣ̺ͷһ⻹һ󷨣ϵʯЧʯ֮ͷữΪΣ˵ǸҲ֮Եֵҫιڽ£ֵ͸ˡ˵ˣһõıϳҲˣڣû˸
٩٩̸Ľһݸϳ
ϳ˫һ˱ȸղŵͼΪأ
ͷھֵȨˣʵѴڵ۷壬һ൱ڱ١
ĳϳΣ飬ͷǿã˽̸У뷽跨ϳΪġ
̸ѣǸҲóϳιͷ
ϳԺⴳͶһֵ
ֶ̣ϳȻòܰݺôĵһɫԺھ֣
ͷȥ鹫ʵ£ǻóݸϳ𣿡
ɾǿˡ
ͷھֵĵˣƵݱڲͨģʹáٲƴ֣ҲŪ
鹫ûֱЧƵġ
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˵Ļɲǿ¥ǿϴӦ鸽壬Ȼ͡
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鹫ֻϳܣ൱ֱ㣬Ǳߵóʵʵڵı֮£С
⻹û꣬廹дֱûתͷϳ˵ղŹᵽ˿ѧϰ似ִСһھҲԸ㡣ӽԺھָصĲ飬ھֵⶼѧʲô似ѧʲô似
ھֵĲ鲻򱾣ֵȼ似㹻ϳѧˣǸĺô
ϳϲã˵ˣԺ˻ᣬһҪھֵһȦ
˵һȦ治һֻС棬Ҳû˹㡣忪Ц
˹һЦܿġ
ϳת˽ʦѣ̸ܽܶ似죬ɲ
似ֻ̺ǲ׺һڣϳҪڼ֮ôӱ;ѹ似Сֽѧ似ʵֻһǶ̵ġ
óݺ͸ϳΪľǰѻ£ȥᶨϳھֵ뷨̸˵ĸо̵ڶѴѵǮսǱϳһӵõôô
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˵ȥҲֻѰա
ߣǻ˲żüãһ࣬һ٣ȻھִҪסǻͲǿˡæͲٴŸλˣǣ
鹫ⷬ滰ȻȥһҲˡ
忴鹫ıӰĵ£ˡֱԲ䣬ĵ֮⣬Ӧѧʣʲô˵ʲô²ڻʹ֮УҶ˳ǵͲͬˡڣδһ£ϣܴȡѵ
鹫ûѾ÷ˣô󣬻ǵһ˸ѵ


155 
ҪǼɵʵټﲻǻĵ̣鹫µĳѪһɱ䣡
˵ִ򲻹Ǿֻܡ
鹫ӿ˽Ų˺ƺƵ뿪˴˵أͺһֻܵСĸ
ȺԶˣҩЦҡͷѽ㣬һˣôһëѾͷȥ
ܹң˭ھֵǽǣҲǻã£Թۡ׵
⻤̵ӣҵô£ϳͷˣҪҲλȥ£ϳҪҶϾֵܹϵ
ôɣܡ
ֵ˰ٵĿЦ
ҩǰ˲صңҳضĵҩŵϳ
һﵤͨɫ·һʱʱС治˼顣
¥̥͸ԲһۿɼС·ССĵܡ
ﵤΪƷҩ㲻ʲôϡ¥Ͳͬˣĵ֮ϳ֮ʱ̲סһЩйؾ¥顣
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ҩܵ
סˡϳͷ
ҩһͷӢ꣬ʵ϶һˣϳǰҩңഺֻСһ컹ǻӢ
ϳпڸպøҸܵһҩšߣҴԷȥ
ҩ΢Цдϳǰ˷á
ϳմĹ⣬ųһҩţֻúóԣ֮ŷҩſɲֹǺóǰ򵥣Ȼ²ǿĹЧһЩ
Ҫҩţ벻춼ѡ
ٷǲ˵ŴǬҩͯûʸ
극ϳ˵Ҫҩһ£ҩ˴Ǳ𡣾ȻֵҲֻܷϳ뿪
ٱ֮ǰƻڽȥںһˣϳһЩšڵʲôİţû˵
һǱ޵ľţȻҪԴϳǰ
ЩǺ󻰣ϳʱȥ̫࣬ҩΪ֮Ʒһ꣬һȥ
ֵڶ൤ȵĿнԶ
ǵ֮ǰҸ˵ĻôҩĿԶȻ˵
ľ仰ʵ
֮ǰ˵˽ܵ飬ÿһʱͻðţͺٵãϳ״ԪӱһʼŻиӿ֣һֵ
ôһ˵˼ڴ
ʱ֤ҵĲ²ɣҲµ׼׼
ҩջĿ⣬ת˵ȡ

իԺ
ˮڴϣɫΪĲ԰ף֮ǰ˾ƣˣյĵΣƺתһЩǺ⣬ǵܵ˺ΪأѾƻһͿ
֮ǰλϴζҪתƣ͵͵Σʧܸգһһܵľʹ
òʵĵѾˡ
òﵤƵ鵤ҩԶǸˣ
濴ŴСԺɫȻսȭͷΪ֮飬Ϊˣһ붼ΪУ֮·ͣ½ŲҲ޷ڽԣʵǸصĴ

ûкڣ
´ڣ
佣һǰǿϣٹҲˡ
ڣֻԼʵãղˣҲء
˼䣬Ȼһʫ
飬硣£Ϊжɷ򣡡
ʫС桱֣ټ汾˵Զ־һֱǵúʫԼ
Сĵڵ״̬˵£߶ˡ
ڵֻܼϳˡ
˵ϳ̸֮˵ȣȥﴳ·ﵤ
һϣʵã
·ε֮ѡ
ȥһΣŴؾͰˣ֪·Ŀ¡
ϳȥֶܻܿ顣
ϳϣʧˣҲֻˡҲ˵ҴղôǮﵤˣҲҪܾõʱ䣬ʱﵤҲܽȫκá
૵
ʮκʱ䣬ǵھ졣
ʱţת۵ϡ
˯ߣիĴ⣬磬ң·ڡ
ڵȡ
һ˳֣һҩ


156 л
һǵʮˣѾٽκõޣ⽫ˡ
ҹСžȴ
мΣ·һЩһЩҹ·˴Ӵ˾ÿη£ĶŻϳ֣ϣһδգתΪʧ
֪˶ãʳһĨ⡣
ˣȴ޾ڰ
իŴ򿪣Ŷÿ춼ĺ磬Ҳ⡣վ꣬һ㶣µʲôʵһҹ
ӦһĿȴûƶ
֪ڵʲôѰЩܹ·ģһ˷ľţǧжδܳһҵᵽ·Ҳôһ˵ûоϳһܳɹϣԽʧԽ㻹ǰķƽһЩɡ
ס
˿̵飬û˵̫࣬ĬĬվߣһ·ͷ
·ķֱ浤ȣϳӵȻһ·
ֱ֮ʱϳ˵ԼիĵַԼ棬ϳӦҵġ
̫ԽԽߣӵƽðͷһƳء
֮ʱԶ֮УͻȻһٷɳ۵ӰҰ˫ۣȻɴ
Ӱܵ÷ɿ죬ϳ
ܵǰϳһ˦һɫҩ˦档
ϻԣ
ҩӶؿڣһѽסϳĻ붼û룬һھͰѵҩȥ
ԱߵһϳͻȻֽ֣һҩԣѲɸղҩޱȵﵤ
ղŵľһƳɫҩȷʵеﵤһ
ϳûﵤζŴ·
ѵ츳ߵ˿ֲĵز
һϵΪ֮κˡ
µҩȫעĸڵı仯˲
ϳһ·ǰͣһ糾͵ӡΪ˾ִǷ˲ǰ·Ʒ;ƥĴ浽һھ֣ȻΪͽ·Ϊȫٸ·ҪƷһЩ
Ѿǧ࣬Ÿʮ֮
ʱѾ۵ÿݽߣ
ϳ̽ʵղҩﵤ𣿡
ûϳ
ﵤô˵㴳·

򾪵˵ˡ
ſڲǷҩ˵ĵط˺ܿתƵիһڡ
ϥĿڵҩ
ϳԱ߻״ƽˣ˿һָʧȥ
λ·ľԼľԣ־̫ˣҲܽύϳǰ;
ò˶ãϢͻᴫϱһڵϣ϶йϳŨīزʡһˣ½֪ǽĽп
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˫ۣ³һ˷ܵﵤҵĵѾָĲˡ
ָ˾ͺáϳЦ
ϳ񽻻㣬ղ
ϳ˾ҵ͵ϮǴϳǧﵥȡһﵤҲǴ
˭Ҳû˵лл
֮䣬ûҪ˵ллһ񽻻ˡĪĶ飬˵һллҲԵë粻˵
һȭԡϳЦƣ뿴ָôˡ
ͷɴĳȭעȭͷ֮ϣӲĺϳġ
ž
һ졣
ܵҳǽѿ
ϳ˿δ˦£ЦʹĻָˣһҵľ̤ʵˡҪΪһⲻȥġ
һڣҶҪָ֮ǰ״̬ҪøǿȻ
ãϳתͷ򣬡ǸҷӸ㻵ˣǮҳ
С£С£⡣æ
ܺȾ𣿡
ܺȣµġ
ǸáǸϲӣֵúȾףһ£ף˿ҲףҴ·
ãȥΪðϯ
νҪõģ
ȥæǰæһϯ
ϳԾʹ֮ǰڵȵ־˵һ飬ȻΪ˳Ĭԣû˵ٻֻĬĬţƵûٺȡ
Ʒ֪ǧ٣

ͬʱķںҲһ¡
һյС
գһģһӰЩӰҪߴˡ
ЩӰϳȭŸ壬ñǾ޴ǧ
ָǿȵĴ֮Լ赲Լǲƿ
ϳ
ϳ
򲻸ˣӭͻʱ̣
Ϣǣڴӽ뵽ҫ𼶣һ֮֮
֮󣬸ƽ
ߵһˣװ
ŬʮŴӽͻƵҫ𼶣ɵøпǧ
ҵҫ֮Ҫھˣһ̯ӼҵԺ͵ɷˣСͷ֮λʱûʲôʵѡֻöѡΣƽ߾֮ϣ֮ҷںǰһϡ
һʯǧˡ
һͻƣںŴĪӰ죬±䶯Ӱ
ʵǿϣδͷλúܾˣྡ
Сͷ֮λҪ
νĶޣھľƣÿҷںŶоٰ죬ñķʽСͷѡ
ⳡСͷλ֮Ȼһ
Ҳ֪˭ӱ
૵


157 Ѫ
κ֮ϳûм뿪իʱסкܶҪ֮Żῼǻھ֡
ҪΣȻǷúòײŵõֵľ¥̥
ϳһԺУΧ羰л̳ˮȡһ¥Բ͸ڲһɫСҩһ£ת˳뵤֮С
¥һʱ䷢õĵҩڸոշõʱ򣬻һҩԷ߱ǿҵĳ
ҵļֵʱˣ
һǮһֻֻţҩЧŶԵݸ߼ۣ
䣡
ҩеĻɫСŹͷųۺҩ޿ײ͸ϳ֫ٺڳҩӺëзɢȥ˵ۿɼĽ⡣
һɾϳΪģɢûɪɪˮڡ
ɢȥ;תγһ޴Σǣ˷ڷӿȴƽ˾
ǿҩоҩҵ꣬ǿҷʵǾ¥̥Ȼ̥֮Ч
ϳоϲȫעԹǣҩ߱
Զķſڣ͵͵ϳҩ̾Ⱳӹ˵¥ˣû뵽ۼһأȻ鴫˼ⵤҩǷõҩ֮ôˣᵤҩǿЧ
ʱţȥ
¥ҩȻڷɢҩеľŲСĵһС˼֡
ҺҪͻˣ
ϳܵڵ궯˷ܲѡ
е죬·޾ˮ̵ľ棬Ȼۿɼٶš
ᾧ磬ÿһǣһԾһС硣
ϳɣǣҩԼͬʱע뵽֮УƲ
·𲻶϶ıһȦ
ͻƳɹ
ζϳˣϵ
治ףڿ˺ڣֽһ¥һҪöͻơڤ컨ҪˣʱܽȣҵʵԽԽá
ϳ˫ۣâڵľ¥ƽٷɢҩˡ
ͻ˶٣
ϳεʣһնһգۼϲ֮ƲնΪΡ
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뵱̶ָ죬һָıϳһѾ˼Ǹ˼
֪Ѿ׷Щǰǿߡ

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Ƿͼȡ˳ڵϣԴԴϵĹעСͼҪһңɲСĿ
һٻҪһǧңƽٻҪһңѷ
ʵϣٻÿһȼĶᷭ࣬ϳһ·Ѿֲˡ
ڵĲȫܳһҡ
Ƭ̺עɣͼ
ͼٻıضģҪôɹҪôëûС
ϣһγɹʧһεĴ̫ˡϳתѯʶүӣզû
䣬ԷһѪڽ𼶱֮㲻ϰμ⣬ҪһأǱķɺöˣֵٻġ
ҵı޾ͳͳǽ𼶵ˡ
ǽ𼶵Ĳźã
ϳ֣һͽְͼȱ
ͼâʢһСɽľ޴Ӱֶ
ϳһγɹ
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Ѫǰɫڵʮ׸ߣǳſ˫չ˵ҲʮסԴǣһԲ۾ͨͨ죬Ǽݣһ࣬Сſ޲⡣
˲źãϳϲ˵ıޡ
ûгɣٻ񣬽еԼŦ
ܳһʱ䣬˺ͣЩ飬ֱڼϳĿ˷һۡ
ɡļ磬лʱҲս˵Щܹյǿ߿ȥ磬ϣԺǸ£ͿԿļʲôˡϳ΢Ц
һҲ֪ûϳĻſ˫⣬ʣ·еǡ
ϳĿϻʧתͷѪְڶԷϣʼ޽Լ
Ѿйν𼶱޵ľ飬νᳵ·ܿɹˡ
ԼɣһעԺһζϢ
Χͷ˵λã۵˲ﶼΣҹսҲʶƵ˵һЩαװЧ̬ƣޡʹôޡ
ҹߣͷźڰУҹЧá̬ƣ̬ʹôһΡ
Ѫʳ˵ѪҺʳʽһֱ̬ȥҧˣһǱ̬˵˺ѪõڶַʽѪɽѪתΪЧϵ˿ڡ̬ƣޡʹôһʮΡ
ϳ⼸żܣѪΪãʵүӣѪѪô𣿡


158 ɵ
ѪѪǺײеģѪѪһھܰһͷţѪøɸɾһͷţţɡסڵѪһֿЧǱҧУǻʧܶѪͬߣھɣ𼶵ĻҪ߰˿ڡҫ𼶾ͱָˣǲڵܶԸġ٩٩
ȷʵײУϲϳЦ
ϳеı޶˽𼶣ĲһɼΪ̹С
һߣӵһͷ𼶱޾ոˣͨ;ͷ𼶱޵֮١Ƕͽ൱ڶķʮͨɱӮ˴ǮˬĲˬ
͸ΪѪˡ
ϳ˫ģȻγΪ˵ֲ˿ȱ
ɫĵ˸⣬һɭ֮С
նеˣ˳ѪܣԽ˵ѪߣΪָЧκϳϵ˿ڣ˵Уˣһá
ϳˣ˼ӦһµָУͷʹ»Ϊޡ
һιʳˡ
ݶѪĻսһʮңļսҪߣֻԼѪսԶԶ˦ǽ𼶸֮ĺ蹵ࡣ
ϳЯ˲ٵҲʲôֱ࣬ȡʮͳͳιѪԡ
Ѫﵽ˳ɳޣŴ˼ʮͻƱ񣬽ͻơ
ٻԼޣ˵˾Ǯҡ
ôһϳΪǰѪң
ʥӡٻҲһֱûüϳ˳ҲԼͻƱǼһΪӰ
Ǯûа׻ѪԼʥӡ޵սͻٵ㣬ɿˡʱڣҶΪ˱޶԰ϰˡϳ
ͷѪֹսиôءȻ
ʲôô
ܵУ
ܴҷɣϳһ
Ȼԣ𼶱֮Եģ֮һķز㣬ѪͲͬˣɴ´࣬ټӸŮȥ§Ŷû⡣
ãԿʵһֱĽЩű޵ɵˣԼҲһ
ϳϲѪʹſڵأСȥ˸λá
ɣ
ϳͷһ
Ѫȶ˫𣬷ա
ϳͷץסѪ壬ƣͬʱ˳Ŀܡ
ѪԽԽߣķݽԽԽСϳСϿ衣
ĸо治ϳЦ
ѪбޣԺͿ÷еķʽ·ˣԿ滻Ʒƥ

ϳѪ˺һ񫣬ԺС
Լ˼ϳ׷ǰأףõµıޡ
棬ţˣҲٻѪɡϳͼ󷽷Ķ˹ȥ
潫ͼһѽסˣ

һ䣬ͼƷֻʹüΣܻ֮ܿϵ
ϵͷϵѾѪ𣬲ںˡͼҲܷС̣áиͬͬ仰ɲǹ˵˵ѡϳν
ţȥҲǮ
ҰˣϳһЦ־Ҫͼ
æתסͼĿڵ𣬲̸Ǯ̫ס
֪᲻ȥðɡüζУֱٻѪΪֹϧٻΪȻҲãҶٻ𼶱޶ɡϳЦ
治ٽ飬һͷ𼶱޶Ǿ޴ġͼٻûϳô죬ʧĴΣŰѪٻԴ˻γΪһ

ϳիס˼죬ÿϰ䡣
峿
ৣৣৣ
һӰ⣬СĻҰмƶٶȿ磬֮µӰÿӰֳϳģ
似һ̶ȺһЩͻԵı仯
һǧӰ
⵶µı֣ٶȿ죬òӰ
ϳȻͣסֵ룬ĺӰŽȥ
үӣҵ⵶Բˣϳϲ
ŵѾͷˣȥҲʲôѧϰ似ɣ
˵ѧʲô似ãھͿʼѧǵȻصں֮飿
ǻôȻѧɵʥӡ޻Ϊɵʱ˵ԺҪɵġ
ãǾѧɵŷɵ似ʲô֣
Ǭ굶ݴŷɵ似ΪķɵϲУȡô֡
֡ϳ޵
Ҫһڿڳԣȸ㽲һЩйطɵĻ֪ʶȻʽǬСˣӽָ˳
СϳǰػƣϲĽ˷ɵ֪ʶżͣȥΪĻ


159 Ǭ
֪ôһ˵ϳ֪ԭɵҲô༼ɸɲѧġ
Ƕɵַͷֺü֣綶˦֡ȵȡ
ָͶɵ
˦˦ֱͶɵ
ôֱӽɵɳȥ嶼˿ͻȻ
·ɵһתմֱԷɳȥˡ
ǰַΪַټˣڸ߶˼ɣΪûõ˷ʤ
˺ܾãѷɵ֪ʶһ¨ӶϳҲϳܲˡ
㽲ˣʽǬˣѶúšɷнµ
ֲӣϳ˶һۡ
˵Ƥ㡣
ѵһ䣬ǬĿھ
ھ࣬Ҳȼǧ֣ϳܿͱˡ
ն˵ɵ似ʽҪѰĵҪٺܶ࣬ûô໨ȫʵʵصɱС
ɵΪҪôãþҪ׷һ
Ǭ⵶ĵȼһǽ似˼еķɵַ˦֡桢ڡ
¿ھ֮ϳʵѧǬʲô𣿡
ž֡
ãشûشһ
ΪǬŷɵ似ûнݾߵģֻܿջ۵Ŀѧϰ
ϳ㿪ʼϰŵˣƴʥӡУһδεͶȥϰ˦
ಣ
ɹᴩһôɵ·ɷɵ̬һ·۷صϳߣٴα˷ɵ⵹ʡȴ˼طɵ鷳
Ժϳÿ춼ڳѵʱϰǬÿǧΡұصһʦæһֱϵĵܣڰʥӡʹԲУȡá
ܿɲģ幹ҪʹãСء
ϳգķɵ˵׼ͷǧ֮дٲ֮С룬ʮ֮дŲó档
±ޣѧ似ϳŶȥ⣬沢·̤˹̣뿪˾סյի
ٱ֮ǰϳһؽΪлҲԵˡ


ھַںš
ǸӣںٿޣճСͷ֮λںʮߣǶڵѡߣܹڵϣʵã
޵ľٰصλڳ¥ĻҰУ㹻󣬵;˼ӹ̣γ˷̨Գסǿҵĳ
һƴߴʮף̨ӭƮԶ죬˭Ц󣬾ܻðγʸ񣬳ΪСͷ
ڴ츽ѻصķδ󶦣ǴҪõıԵߡ
ȶʽʼΧѾɽ˺ۼ˺ܶˡھֵ˶ˣһЩֵҲ٣ȥ֮ڡ
ΪԺյĿ̨ϡ
յĴͷεĴͷš
һȳȣ䲻
һԣҪЦˣô꣬ڰһ˴ͷƷ
ʵСͷƷСͷƷڶһЩ߶ѡ
ССĽߣȴȨϵĲࡣ
ȵһߣҷںžҵˣʱҴȨھ˶ҺϳԵˣҾֱӽԺҾʵۣ
̵ţ˸Ρ
ܣͻȻ˵˷ĳ룬оεĶޣ˭ʤ󣿡
عЦҸоХʤ󣡡
ȷʵΪޣ似޿ޡںĽ֮Уһָˡ
ҵСͷ֮λǺܺʵġ
ҶʵΣǾΪ˸һ㣬СͷһҪúõĽ̵һЩ
Ȼ
˿ᵽĳХȷʵһ𼶸֣ѾںźöˣΪΪķΣֳɫ£ºϲųڳֵļӣʴ˸Ż˵˸䡣
ܹγХĺôԳХӡܺãһ£ǺںƷϵС覴áˣһֱŷ仰
һ̨
ٻһͬһƬ졣
ߣƷЦǸӣ͵С˵־벻ͨͷΪʲôҪλô޷޲ƽɱ֮һֱμģڷӺ֮ǡ
꣬С㣬ɱˡСͷ꣬ټʵڣѹȺۣδͷҲ֮Сٻ˸ơ
ǸϸԣݼڣǼҲ˳ۣ˴ͷǵӿɾͲùˡ
Ҳû취
ϧϸ粻ڣҪڵĻһСͷһ֣ͿԸˡ
ϳǿ𼶵ĺڱɱǷںкöʦʵȺڱҪߣɱΧʵںѣѹͲˡ
˵汻ˣϸȥҵҩҲ֪ôˣô춼ûǵ
֮ǰϳڳͷ巢飬Ѿ˷ںţǺ黹ûдǧ֮ң·ҪգϢݿûô졣


160 
ͷԽԽߣڵ˶ʽٿʱ䡣
ķļ˵¶ִ֣ǵˣξְɡ
ãϲй⣬վ
һЩƺȲʣȡδͷĺøС
ƽϢ֮󣬷ɤӣ˵˷ûʲôӪĳ滰ⳡ޵Ļʼ˶޵ĵһڡ
ֻʦܲμӣǾأҲǱ˭
֮ڣΪ˾ѡǿ߽һڣͬʱҲΪ˱ⲻҪսв׽սʱ̫׳
õĹﶦķ֮ء
Сͷ֮λˣаɣһ£˲ȼڳ˵顣
һֳУ׷̨ʮˣÿ˵ʵǿûһ֮
߸ûʸСͷ֮λ̨ﶦٲȡ衣
˵УȻִŵųֶϳС
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ǲҪôһ˺Х۵ġХЦ
ŮǵĺȲˣһʮ
ţм̨ӵʮˣ֮û˵̨ˡ
Ū죬ڶﶦǰ˫ֱ֣ץסﶦķ֣ȵ𣡡
ﶦӦ𣬷̨档
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˫ӣһﶦ̨֮ϡ
ʮ߶Ӧʮ˸ﶦҪִﶦʹ߸̧𣬱֤һϵĸ߶ȣ˭ֵܼĸãֵİ˼ʤһ֡
λʵʱˣͭһ죬ǾҪﶦ̧˭Ķˣ̭
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ڹϣԶʳ޷еӰıޣȻֻ޴
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Ŀע֮£ϳһԾ£Ӹ߿̨֮ǰѪΪ󵶣˳ץС
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˼ۺ졣
һϳͻȻ֣ƽ˫һɬĺаСӻĻʱø˶ޣΣμҲǰ״̨ʮˣһ˵ʵҪһֶŲߣô󡣡
̨ϣҶϳҲΪƣĸ̬һ¡
ٻ˸պ෴ϳ֮־ϲϳܹʤ
һʯǧˣϳĹΪⳡµı
ϳڰ·Ͼ˵йض޵Ĵţӿٶȸ˻ûдζޡ֮ҪⳡʢᣬĿĿɲСͷ֮λиҰġ
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ãƾְλʵʸμӣҶﶦ㡣
ò֣Լȥﶦɡ
ϳʸھܾǳӡ
ɫ䣬ʮֻ󣬰˾䲻ʶ̧١
ϳߵ̨Եȴûȥ̧ţŵһ̤ʩչ˺ȣһǿİ¡ƶһﶦ·Ȼըﶦըڿն𣬷ɵʮ׸ߵİա
ҹ
ϳץγһǻԪ֡һдڰеﶦϣ˹ֱСץܰﶦץ֣ˡϳֱӵ־Ͱﶦ
ɱȷ֮ǰ˫ͶﶦƯˣѶȽȻͬ
̨ϵľǽһϳļɵࡣΧֵȺǷһ˸߹һ˵֮̾
ۣʲô似Ȼܰôصﶦץ֣
ϳ֪Ϊλȱ£ĪѾ˽𼶣
ҲǸһȣʵ̫̫ˡ
ԸϳôķͷŸʹ˸ɫʼԡ

ͭ
̨ϵʮ׷׾еﶦ˾ٵĺɣ˾ٵĺܳһӾչֳˡ
ϳжۻתһɹϣٵĻɡ


161 ʤ
ʱεεš
Źȥûþ˰еﶦ̨ϣȻȥ
½ʧܣϼ١
ʮˣʮˣʮˣʮˣ
ʣʮȫʵǷϳХԼС
Ϳ˭ӳ೤ˣһº͵ıԣȴͲ˰ˮ֣ʤ̭С
ʮӺʮȻﶦ˭Ҳû䡣
չأҪӴѶˣÿҪپһﶦеķߵصĿ̶ֲȣ
ȷԽѹˣܹĶǴʿ
ߣһﲻʲôͲͬˣϳһڰ
ЦӴþͭ󣬾ﶦ첻̭߱

ͭٴ𣬷·й١
֮ǰʧȥﶦ㹻ʣµʮʹá
ϳתֲͬͳͳעͲεֱϣеﶦһɣץһڵϵﶦеﶦ£ڶﶦһ
ϳٸгҧ֧ڵľ¥ãͷųŨҩסѹ
ƷҩȻͬ죬ڶ;
ۿϳȵסﶦκܺõٱһ˿¶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
СΪλôѲܽһ֣⣬˶ϳ֮ģЩ
ϳʤСͷǿɾ̫ˣϳͬˮι£

ͭ
ʮ֮УʮҪͬʱﶦ
ʧ뿪̨۵ð
ʣʮҲɣһ֧š
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һͻȻеﶦǱ˿ˣ̨ʱһʣµˣͺڿ
գֻ̨ʣ˰ˡ
ﶦվôãѾͨһ֣԰еﶦˡʵЦ
˷׷׷еﶦһᣬ·ë֮ǽ𼶣ΨϳǸ࣬Ϊ
ϳһ״̬̽ʣĽ룬⻹Լ¥Ľեɡ
֮ʵ̫棬˵Ҫҳö࣬¥ֲࡣ
ϳԸпͬʱһ첹ʧȥ
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еӦǣеĬȻ
ֳ̨ۣҲû취飬ɱ߲⵽ͷ
ǰ˽˭˭֣ҪԳǩķʽиǩͲǳɣ˵ȡһǩͲݵ˰ǰ
˷׷ǰһ˳һľǩյģʲôûУһŽԳͼֱǻ档
鵽ͬͼΪһ飬ǽĶѾˡ
ϳеľǩϻһ㣬ͬͼ˺Ȼ
ΪִųЩͣ뷢԰סĵλСͷҪŻٽһ
˶һۣ⡣
ڹϣְȨߵڰף̻ңطϳ
ˣϳһֱšرȱ㣬Ҳŵ㡣
ϳеĵ⣬ЦһаˣһôëͷСӣôǿվ⼸˲ԶˡһһӮĺɡ
һֵıҪջֵ˳ʼϳҪȵнֵĻᡣ
˳лͼľǩˣ˷׷볡뿪֮ǰ˳ﶦͳͳ棬̨
һԵˣһλŮʦΪʵǿģ檣Ȣˡһλ๫檣ʹºŰһλΪǳϼˣͲҲʮͷڳٵ߶ֻꡣ
֣ü֡ʹõһŹͷΪʸȥļʸޱȣܹɷСʹõǵƣɭɭ˷
գһס˫ţм˶ԷĲϣȡʤ
ڶԵľǳХһˣХڶ֪ȡʤ
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ϳ̨ˮڵȴʱ׼
׷ƮƮҲмַָȡ
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˵һû˵ʲôأôͿʼǿԼˣ鰡
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޳޵УƤ˵ĻΪĸװװˣΪһˮƽң⣡ϳŭܣ
󵨣㾹̨ϹȻ̰ңõȻŭָϳ
˵Ҳԣ̨ǴܵĵطǶĵط˵棬ǶıȽʹ졣ϳ̤ǰһᴩ֫ٺɱ¾֮ȫͷţĿñ顣


162 װ
ɱ¾֮һϳˣ·˶ɱħɢļµϢ
ͷһܵһɱɱ⵱ͷѹƶսľ͸оͺһѵӼĲϣ
ÿµɱ⣬СҪҵ
һܵı˵̨ԵͬʱԼޣһ𼶵ıӣһףЧܱø
ޣ
һ˦гޣͷͷɱɭȻϳ˹ȥ֮ˣ
ϳ浶ʣɲǼ䶯ÿмܣ֮϶һâһϮٶȸ죬޴
ݺݻն֮ϣп
޽棬Ħ𻨡
ޱһΪҷޱ֮Ͽֽ⡣
âת˲ѸٷŴ

һٶµ̨ϱƵȥԤУԼٲߣܻܿᱻɱ
ৣ
һֹ̨Ե
ϳǧٵӰɢһпˤڵϣױϣعֻʱ⡣
͡
ΪӹһٵƿһѪۣȻȴһ亹ղŶô죬Ȼˣ
һ˳̨Զ䣬ϳټ׷ɱֻ֡
޻⣬ϳһɳ졣
ʤѷ֣
Χһը˹˳ľ˭Ҳû뵽ⳡôͽˣǰȫǼս˺öغϲŷֳʤΨⳡԿþˣӳֵֻһգ۵Ĺ
ڳųɵ˶ϳٶȣûֹ̡ܿ
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ΪգۼͰˣ
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ϳӸ£žδӵֱָȥȻúüסһͷδһҵĵͷԺϴĸ滹ǼְȨԼŰ졣
յѪͷ亹֮ǰ̨Ҹϳ磬ȴҶˡ
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ɲԺĵĻţ쵣һĨԼ
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ϳпܻⳡӱĻ̫ˡ
һʵΪʲôǿֵزΪʲô
ҧгݣսȭͷ
Աߵĸϵ΢΢üͷܣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬһʧݣҲΪĲǡһȰζ֮ϳһٷǰӰɡ
Ļҿûйϳ˵ģʧݡһЦ֮ǰڲĵ˵
˼棬Ҳ˵̫û
Ž˵ĳԣǿһֱľĽˡǿٴγǩѡ˸ԵĶ֡ϳĶǳХ磬λźŵ湫ӡ
ϳ̨ս׼е浶ƴ
۳Хȴûмŵ̨ΪԼ׳ƣһЩų
һĽˣСͷ֮λֻǽѪȡֶӣһ׼ӣΪҽıˡ
ХһϮ£ȣһֶ֧Сͷ֮λ־ڱصã䵱֮ⳡ޾ĻݣΪⳡݸΪһЩɷѿĵ׼Сţֶӣһֲٰ졣
ֶڶ࣬һչķԸʼ֡
Ǯû׻ֶн֮ƣΪǿǿԾ˼Ѫǡ
ֶӻ
һȺɫ׵ӵڳХߣܷܷʻͷ׵ĻȻء
Х̤Уһ̨ɢʻʤһƷΡ
̨ϵϳŲĳХ磬۽ǳ˳飬ɶأ
Хһ·ߵ̨ǰͣߵŮЦλã᲻뿪ǣԺƬ̣ȥȥͻء
ԤףӴȫʤ
Сģɱ˵һġ
ޣ¹ôôˣôѻòá
ȺŮߴߴ
ΧĹڿųХһȺŮᣬкܶ඼òˬģŮ鳤ģ
ХŮһһԾƮƮ̨ȺŲ֪̊Σգæԭ·˻أﶼųХӮΪܵõǮˡ
ϳХңңռһߡ
ղһоͻųʵڲС㣬ҵѹһͷһҲ԰ˡ
Хȣһ


163 
ӳХ米İٱϻзɳߡ
˰ٱ֮˧ԹԾӵĳХϲõľǽˣıһֲͬĽƣͬʱ뵽ߵУ񲻿ɵ
˵ֻʱѵûпǹһ˵ĻжôΡʤ˱ҳ£Ǳ˵̫Ϊáϳ
ͲʲôһХȻЦ
Ȼô˵ƫƫҪõնһ
ãǾͳаɣ
䣬ͬʱУ
˳ֵɲǣֶǡõ˸߷֮༱ң쳹ܡ
ϳֳ˫ʩչ⵶̨ϼƶգۼǧٵӰ
Хɲ廨ͷʵѧ˫ۣۣ˲ϳλãָһߵֱϳı壬·Լ·
ϳ۶סϮһܿĽ֮к˵ĴֱƳХ磬߾һæһĳһߴ׵ľ޴Ʒ磬ߣٿɻסԼϳӭƷ磬һת˫ԵƷ硣
һн棬˫˭Ҳûֵˡ
ڶν棬ϳһαƽХ磬ǳХٴߣٶȱϳһߣǣסϳʹ޷
ϳɣƾսܣʶ˦䣬еʥӡ˦˳
Χصĵ⽣ӰһѩɵйᴩֱХţæƫͷܡ
ɵգ˲仯Ϊ̬ģʽ¹ڵϣת׼˳Хһ¹ǣһâ
һγХûܶ㿪ʥӡ޵ٶȷӡһ
ʥӡĵߣգһУѾ㹻ˡ
ӡڳХϣٶѹһءղƾٶϳ֮ľ룬ڲˡ
ǵڶеĽ
Уϳٴʩչ⵶ܿ˿е·Ȱ嵽ХߣһĨ
ХĲӶһǳǳѪۣϳĽǳصѾ촦
УС
ХŲϵ˿ڣɵˣʧȥٿأ׷ˤڵء
˵εģ뿪ʱ򣬿㻹ûûϳյЦŴסĳХ硣
Х̣ⷬ˸پ޵ݡ
ܿܣʤ߲װԼû£ս߾Ͳͬˣ㶼ˣNɪƨ
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ֶӼˣֹͣ࣬иϵĺһ䣺ϰ壬ˣҪҪһױ׳Ӧ
ãûʲôˣʵʵŰɣХŭ
ⷬԻ˽ǻһЦ˻˵á
ХųװļһսܣҶúܹ񫣬ܽҪּһﵱͷ֪ҪھֱʲôпܻѳХдϣҵھִſڣý˶⻹Ҫ֡
ϳĽʤһǾСͷ֮λľսˡ
Ƕ޵ľսȴҪľս
սܵĿ⣬Ͷ˿̨ϵķζ
һʤûҲͨѡ˳ǳϼĳ
кüҴ壬˶Ϊֱǳϼ塢ҶϼԼϼ塣֮ǰҶϼ峤ɱҵ䣬ʣ˳ϼϼ֮ͥ£ǳϼ̸ΪۺռϷ硣
Ƭؽ磬ճĸϵһֱԸ壬СԱˡ
ϳɨسţڼĴ٣ǳȻϼ˿Դھδ˵һ仰ҲδԷ˵һ仰˴˶ž룬˭Ҳȥ˭
û룬ζ޽еֻʣ뱣־ҲˣעҪһս
֮ǰսϳһֱڹ۲죬֪һУ֮ǰֲͬն˿Ҵ⡣
վ˵޽еڣֻʣˣСͷ֮λ˭Ҽվսڿʼλ̨ɣ
һУ
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ɺϵǣõĶǵ
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ΪûСϳҡҡͷ
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絶˵úãǾͱʲôƨˣԺлᣬȾ۵ͷޣٻԼıޣŻ˱Ƶʥӡޣ󷽷תȥ
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169  
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ͼֱɹ߼漰⣬͵ɴͷˣеǣʮҵı꣬ζǸѧʣʨӴ󿪿ڣҲܰѼ۸񶨵̫ˣ÷ֺá
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170 ۲
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171 黯
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172 
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磬Ű޵֣ϳ˵˰ޣһҲ

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173 ۵
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죬ϳڹУһͷĿѰе⣬ھ̰۵档
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ˡϳǫһ䣬еС⣬ڵΡ
۵ϳɲǹˣƤӣҲӳٳɻѧ˼ŵļɣ⼸ŵǰġ

磬ĵңڵӡɷεĹߡ
ϳʮ񣬸ľ۸񣬰ѵͼߣѸ߼۽֤ͣ˫档
޺ĹѸҲִҪϳɨ䣬һĨææȥ󡣽һɫ黨ȹȹ׽ȴȹ֮µ˫Ⱥ޴ƣ走
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175 ȱ
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176 ʮɽ
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Ȼ䣬ԶɽͷһǿҵӷжϣԶԶĳ˧ֻϣֳ

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180 벶
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ʵࣿЦǰˣǰҳ˺üߣʵ͸һɡţ֮ƤЦⲻЦ
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186 
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ϳͻȻ˦䣬ʩչǬʥӡצԷһƻɡʥӡأתΪ̬ζ޴¹ǣצɶϳû浶뿪״̬ȱһзצԴ
һϳ£
ͷµʱ򣬾Ѿעǵˡ
ͬʱɽǱҲһЩֵ͹ɽץ˼²СѺţЩȫƽھֵʦ
ϳɱһֵͷƤˣݺݵвס֣ٳҾͰЩ²ͳͳɱˣ
к֮£ĲϣЩУԼСΪǣҿûôΰ⶯֣ҹܲ㡣ϳ˵Ƶᣬʮָɷʹ˫Ƽת⡣
ҵҪ治ںЩˣӲֱֵ̧ۣһӣնһ磬һʦУ˺ѳƬ
ϳ˫ĿһݣֵеĻṥ˹ȥԽĥĥЩ²Խ죬˷²ֱӽΪʣµķ²һ
֮ǰƬʦֻùֲñˣ߹ıǵͷѪ
ϳһ⣬ڶӰ嵽ֵߣ˸Ȧڶ̶ʮ˵
ֵϳ˫ӲӲײ
ɽڡ
Ƽ״󺰵ϳסǾ˵ʱһϳ壬ܾһһҲǹһ
Ƽͷ˵׳˲٣һ˶ڣһƴɱȻڣҲһֵֵֻԼ˳ӡ
ϳֵ֮УǿһֱڣĿɲ
ֵĹ뵶ƣԵԿк顣
ϳѪ˵һǧ˰ٵƴ򷨣ÿ˵Է˳ʩչѪõ˵Ѫˡ
ôһƴֵܿͳŲסˣձϳһԴ

ϳܹ֮ԹѵڣɱԼڶСǶ෽İ˵öˣֱ˵ѪѪˡ
ǰЩϳɱͶȡɣξʵʵıˣɼһʵڲС
Χʣ壬д˧ʵȻС
ʱϳѾ;ƿݣľˣܵҲأѪҲ޷ȫκáԼĻѾɱʣ塣
ϳĿƽھʣµˣȵĸһ壡
˵գһͷ֮У·һҶ˾κˡ


191 ٺ
ƽھֵ˾أǳ⣬ҽܵĴ³ɽչ˶Կ
ɳ˿ͱƵˣȺɱʦȴܹս
ɱ¾ɱɱ¾ɱ
ⳡս˺ܾãӰɱҹڽˡһ֮ͣЪɽָƽ·ʲôûֻصʬ֤սĲҡ
ϳʮҴ߾һ˶ƣеڵϣеǿվţˣһߣܷӹŹǰǸδ֪
ϳһնɱûĻƽھֵȫ
Щ˴ʱӦϳлŶԣȻ˶ųĬһ仰˵ˡ
ϳ嵶ߵʬϣĿһ˹ˣһ߻ָſݽߵ
ղŵѪսֱܻ漣
ܹ֮ѲһҪԭĴûͣ£һֱǰֻжĩβٲġ
ǿ£һӶⳡսϳип
³Ե޹ʵľۼһǿֻǲ֪Ŀʲôص
սϻû壬һʡ
Щ֪ʲôС֪ƨҲǰʣ鲻һܸԤģǱΪ
Ǻðɡϳ˽飬Ĵ㣬ʵ˵ǿѵΪķ
ֻҪʵǿܣ֮ϻʥȵȣ𼶱𣬾ܷСģʥ𣬾ܷģǺϸʦһΪϳɴ
ôô壬Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ȻģҪܴĴۣɱܣЩ״̬ؽɴҪɱ˳ˣˡ㿴ҰǨûУΪ棬һЩҰ޻Ⱥӵĳ;档ּǨһЩ֮
ܣȻñ壿
ԣĻ˼ھʵʩǾǸˣҲ󶮣ܡ
ˡ
ϳڿֲ˼˽⡣
ϢϳվʬҰĵطܳʱֻҪ·͵øϽߡܣ˸һϢд壬һ¿ڹ֮ǰԤϵһЩײСʲô֪
ϳһɱСȻĴѹһһЩߵȼ
ëЩȫǮǧңң˷ѡ
λ֮ǰϳĿڴ
ϳջ˼ʮоˣͣƽھֵ˵ʣµǣ㣬װ֮뿪
ãô졣ƼɴӦһ𣬲ǲȥѹʣµ˼Ϣ
ϳߵҽߣȡһŵͼӿԷ˻ع·ߡ
ѾһϵƣȻҪУȺȺ
һ飬˴˹ʶѡһ·ߣ·ȻԶһЩʤڰȫ·ʮխǡڵ϶û취С·
ʰһУ·ˣ뿪Ƭս۵ķ򣬽ŲصѪˮнԶ
һ·Ƽܵܵ½ǣʹ˸ɫȻ󿿽ǰϳ
лЩȫǷһƼֱڲл˵һл֡
ƽҲҲæҵһֱԭģʱҲжǰ浲ţŸȡ˷ĻᣬǳƽˡȻҪԸ֮ǰŵĻҲ߲ܡϳ˵˵žͱζˣ
ƼٸΣʱ鼱֮²źĻڷ粨ȥˣľȻת䡣Ҫϳŵԣ˳ǲӦġ
£ܶϷƼ˸
԰ܶϷһҪԳؼ˵ҪϳԼҡ
ڲ˵ʱ򡭡
УȻصҹ̸ú¡
Ƽˣˣ㲻ϳڵ٩ġ
Աߵģ廰Χ˵ͷ֮ǰɽ棬ҵ۲ʶ̩ɽ˵ĻǹⲻȥдҪ֡ЩҲȫǣ㵱ʱݣѹϢǲŻֳԭ
ϳƳһۣû£ǸŴȵƼ٩еȤںӾûʲô˵ˡ
ûȤԵЩ㬡
һ·ϳȻ񣬳ƽھֵʵûħ


192 ط
ƽھʮɽѰˣһ·ȻⲻһЩħֲҩģֵƣֲǺǿ˳ոһЩϳѯʣ˵ͷ˵һЩ
ϳҲֱЩҪһҪ˼ʮ꣬ԼԭеļԶԶһ꣬㹻ｻˡ
ǣһǣģ󣬳ǽʣܱߵĳС
ַ߽磬ǽΪһҪϡ
ȥǽʱ򣬵˳ҹغǧ˵ⲻá
ϳĥ
ˣݽߣǿ鷳ˣһ羪֮ҵǣ·˳˳ˮ˵߼壬Сû
ۼйأ嶼뵽֮УֻҪ㿪ļʾͻСܶࡣ
˸һ·״תһЩ
سأɢһѪս֮ɵ
ôԶ·ӦðȫˣͣϢһ°ɡƼͣ½Ų
ܣ۲һµΣ˵λȺɽ֮䣬·ͨ˴ͷǸϢĺõطҪʲô鷳ɽˡ
ͣ˵ˣԷĳԷ
ȡһֺɫҰ˽öȻԼ
ϳ״ֹȥⶺŪСӣôСҲ
ɫһڣҪǻɱ˸ǲ˳ɻɶڸոհǴæϳʵڲ÷ֻܰһҰݸϳˣ
⻹ࡣϳЦЦһöССҰɬζպϡ
ԱߵƼϳĻնУͷеѲСҪȢؼң
ʱܲŶԣǲ֪ΪΣĵײû뷨ֻǾЩš
ϳҰ˲Զһɽһ
ţɽ
˵꣬ϳһɽһ·ɽӸԶԶԶģͼһɳͺһ޴ͨأֻгǧۼһ𣬲󡣸ԶĵطĹŨ̶ȶѲһ
·;Уϳɽ۲ƣһֱڹ۲Ķͨ۲췢һЩߡ
үӣԽԽˣֹһɣڲϿƺҪϵһ𡣡ϳ
һټô壬ǴֱʣҼļҲģʮɽҽЩδǳȥģҲĹҡСˣϳļͷһңǿֲ
ϣЩȥϳ૵
ȥĶһѡ
һһСվŹ۲һûмɽ
Ȼߵɽһƶľ޴ӰһЩ춯ϳע⡣
ֻһͷشŵĳɫɽУȳǧףҲмʮףΪ֫ڣ͹ոסǣ㶼״ģѰȻͬͷͷԼһЩСڵ㣬ƺһȺˡ
ʲô⣿ϳһ͹ˣͷԶĴ򼻹Ҫй֮ٴ
һ۾˳һ⣡Ǵ򼣬һ֣̺ܵͣʵǿǺʱھеĹ֡Ѿ𼶡ʮҲδĶ֣ο״ѣϿ֮󼪣ɱˡ
ģʮɽطΣաϳ̲סһڣһץͷϵСˣҰصָУɽ·ɱȥ
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һս˻ǵ֮£ʶûжʣϳķԸһȺ˸ֶеĲڣеſڲݴҴ
Զɽ䡣
УͷϳһŴпɥĹϷվӰƶٶȷɿ죬ͷȴƽȣûа֮С
ͷŮ٣ΪĿһŻ֮òŮӡ
̶ֳȣŮҲҪʣƵһ֡
Ůɫȹȹҷأȹɣڲסǰı飬ǻԲȣκ˶ðٿᡣ
ںŮߣվһ͵ߣϵֻʣƤǣϵ;ƿݣϵء
ЩһȫɢųмԶԶ
ߵ·ߵкȻһâƳԶһС֣Ųˡ
ڳû˻ߵжϣ˵ǼˣǴ飬Ҳܰ쵽ûʲôӹ˫ۡ
еˣȺ˿ŵĵġ
ʮɽһǷ֮ɱһ
ҪˣЩɣ
λԾԾԣ඼ɱģеĻ촽¶һࡣ
Ůûпɫһ񾲵Ȼڴ±һַ̬ȡߴתԴŲ˼ʮ˵ͳȥ֮һƬǽ塣
ûöʱ䣬һ·嵽ֽǰ
վϷŮӾӸ£Ƴһۣһվ֦ϵӰԭž޲ı仯ͷֳһϤ֡
ϳ
ͬʱ֦ϵҲ̧ͷǸ߸ϵŮӣһ˫۾˲ɵϴ
̶
գ˾Ȼطˣһϣȹ޲ɷһ£Σ˿ھǳԵǱ
һһ£ţ粨ΣӿŸ
ţ̶߲ϡüëб۶̶ʶСӣ
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Ϊλɫ죿
ֻǺȻ뵽Ҫ죬ûʱﵢ顣ЩˣҿЩһϢɱҲա
̶˵ŴڣҲǷӦֱӲٿشı˷Ƭ˵֣Ϊһ
ֱֳִƶһŽӡ
̶촽δȴһ仰͵ϳߡ
ӣԺʮɽˣ
ϳĿѸԶȥĹ˱ӰþòƽϢ
֮ǰһ֣Ϊܶһ٣û뵽ͷȻͳ˹ڣɱڡΪԼˣõı˳׼ɾڹϣһԤϵ˳ˡ
̶
Ǹǵ̶Ǹǿ˵ɲ̶
ط꣬ʵڳƲϲãûж˵䣬һ͵͵ľѡ
ϳеȵĲǼ̶Ҫ̶ʱ
վ𼶴ͷϣ߶һЩļһǡۼڹϴӴ˵·Ѳĸϵ
ٻ֡
̶겻һֱϳ֮ÿγõĶǴûжһֱԼؿƿ͸©㡣
һеһдһƲһ˵Ĵ𰸡
ѵ壿
ϳͷһ


193 Ӫ
ⷬƲʵںиɻ
ϳһֱʶΪ̶Ǹˣû𴦶룬ֱҡǴý̶ֳȵĶҡ
ˮݡ
ȻϳԿľǿߣȴҲɱ壬ͬʱҲһЩɵĲҾ磬⡣
̶壬֪ο̶
ǵ壿ǵѣ
ϳһ顣
ʱ廰ԭǸֲصģһɵ㡣ӣӦеĴ
ȻΪ죬ܲǲҺ٣ϳʵ
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ðɡ
еʧ
һ㲻ڡ
ʲôþģ̶ղž㣬֤лһλáѲΪ壬ҪĿɳ𣿵˰ɡ뵱˼ҵĵ˶䡣ӵͷ±֮ǰƲĻҪ㵱鹫û취ȡնħҲûɱǰͬһΣԾͱΪ¾ˣ˳Ȼͺáʵվ̶ǰûܹʱΪҲ١
һ䣬ϳݺݱһ·ͷȣϳ¶һ˿Ц
˵Ҳԣ˫Ĳôôиƨá
ϳȻʣپ̶ˣȨղһ޵ĸӰԣץץʲôġ
ϳɫָ糣ϣƽھֵһֵǷ֮ز˾ǸϿ뿪ղȺȻûǳ֣пˡ
Ӵվŵһһ£ǹƽھֵ˸ղŶɵˣ˿ӣϳôһ˵Ŵӿ־лָ
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ǰһ·ԽԽƬĽ紦ܿټҲܿһЩӰ
Ϊ˷壬Ƭشر߾ӣʮһڣһկǧһӪΪֲϵĲ㣬ֱ߾ӹ㿪ţӭ·߼룬֮⣬طﱻץķˣҲᶨڶ͵ۣɱ˲ϴס
ˣؾǲ㣬ϾǱ߹ػ֮أǵ̫СΪ̾Լ϶ƽľ٣˭ԸطԿࣿ
һӪʱϳͣ
֣ͬСɣһҪ֪ͨľȥӪ˵˵¡ϳ
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ϳӪǰ˼ۣӪկģСǧ˲⣬һ˸˴ӭƮڣϹһңдšʮӪ֡
һ֧רŸرеľӣھԺգϴССӪկ¡
дڳϽɣӵأ췴֮ӣͳ˼Ϊ֤ݡ
ʵ۶µĴ취ǵջ٣ûһۣŰ˽ɴ󳼵Ĺٸһ߻˼ϡ
ʵ۵൱ƯĵãܵʱǷʲôҰģٴ֮һֱҵҵرߣδֳвȨ۶ӡ
ӪųţʿֳվһȺİ˿ʿͷУξӭȥüĿվסصأ룬ȥͨ뺳
νͨһļƾ֤ŹٷĴӡ߹ضҪõ
ϳȻⶫӴȡ˳ݸ˲֪Уξۿ˵мҪǵ߾٣и㡣
ǵĽ˭ģУξüëſϳͨ뺣ָָһӡҿӡе⣬ģαģô£㵽ˣǵйļϸ
ʵͨ뺸ûʲô⣬Уξ֮ˣֻΪ˶թһǮѡÿһͨӪˣñһƤѾ˲ĵĹء
ϳһ۾ͿУξС˼Ҳöһ˦ȡһƱȻУξ
ͨģϸϳ
Уξ̯Ʊһۣң治١ЩǮ㹻ˣ͵ŶĲ˲٣ϳ£һֻ򣬿ٸë
ðɡҸղۻˣͨûʲô⣬һϻнЯ˲ôĶѴ򿪣ҺúѲһ¡УξƱٶȵϳͬʱһָ˻Σ˼˵ҪһǧҲܷ˹ȥ
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ЩССιˣͱʹʹĹأЩһûеٵȴ̵ٵǮ
ϳЦˣȻ̧ȾһţУξϣһ߷ɳȥ˾Ӫ֮С
һǧûУһŵУ˰ɣ
ϳЦһ


194 ֤
˵һǧңһϳҲ֮ԳŴˣΪ᲻ǮǱУξŭˡ
Ҫˣغǧһʱ䣬пܴ޴ѣʱ˷һУξϡһ㣬ҪǮϳٸһǧңһҲδػ·
ϳִˣƽھֵ˲˽ȻͬķӦ
ը˹Сһ͸˼ѪƵģ׷׳׼ϳд¡
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˽Ӫ쾯ӣ
סţǿģҴ򵱱ģǲ֪
ٱǽһȺ鼤ܣǽһͬ顣
ƽھֵˣһһΪ֪ϳ뱾죬ͱ¨Ҳɰƽ
ҺˣԼǲͽȥֻøӡĻӻ֣ƽھֵһһξ롣
ǰϳæҪһԵȥٱƴֻҡ
ϳȻ˫ĿȻתɢɱ¾֮ƣ۳ӰԴŹٱ
ٱǱܵĸоϳǿûһ˵ҿ࣡
ϳһӪţϷʤһȻȺ
ֵ÷зӪоߵһƷѸٸϵſڣǰ鷳
˸󣬱ֱڷһԻĿɫסһ۾Ϳϳǵ֮ɫʵǺˣΪҪϮӪٱ
ھֵĴͷϳղ֮ԴΪô򡣡ϳ
ϳƷһ˵֣֪̺ķ
ٰ¡
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Ʒ΢΢ɫһҪҪмɣҲն
һ֤ҵôҪǻУҿµʱ˵ľӪؽһƻ鷳ġϳᵶ˵
֤ˣϳȻھֵĴͷݱһֻҪһ㹻ɣҿԼ̡Ʒϳ˸̨ס
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Բˣ˵һʵĴɣٱӣ˫ȻԴϲ
ϳŲܶԷô룬һֵûʱ㳶Щϸ֦ĩڵС£һҪĴҪ㡣
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ھִͷ˵ĻǺܿŵģοϳմʮɽ¿Ŷȼ߼ߡ
͵ȼ𣬸ؾӪϢͻƷ
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Ʒ˿ϳıӰȻתͷʮɽڵķƻۡ
鷳˰
૵
Ӫȼ˺ɫķ̣ͬɫķ̴Ųͬĺ壬ɫĺĸ֡߾漱

·ϣϳһÿˣͻὫ֪ͨԷЩ˲ҪȥʮɽϽйϢɢ
һ·糾̤֮ͣǰŵģһӷ˲١
˰ﵽףͷ͵ߵǳװȫˣϾҲһˣͷֵɡСϱСӣǾʹ˱ϳǰ仹Ϳʼˡ
һ·ϣϳǹƼСϱСӣҽܶ÷ˣֱˡ
Ƽɫ糣ߵϳ棬̹ȻллĻҾͲ˵ˣףһ·ƽ
ףĻҲö˵๫ӲءңһҪ죬ʵûʱ㳤̸´μ棬Сٺúĳ׵¡ϳЦ
֪ܾܿҪˣ㾹Ȼ˼ҿЦǷ㡣
ҿû㿪Ц£ܶϷ
ƼŤͷ뿪ٸϳƤˣôԿ
ϳãѪǰʹ仯ΪһֻչＸʮ׵ľ޴Ѫıϣһ·ǡ
ҽĿϳڷɣԶȥ
㣬޸𣿡͵͵ʵ
ƼûֻǺݺݵĲ˵ܵܵĽһ£ʹֱ졣


195 
Уϳ΢΢˫üӭǿͷڷ
ңȻԼķںðţȻȥǡκǾ߽ع;п϶·ǣֻܵߵһ˳Ȱ˵ܵĻȰ˵һر߾͸ˡ
֮⣬һ߾ӵľֻҪϳ߾ᰲȫ࣡ϵ˵
ϳȫ֮ã˳ִǡܲɼħڣһʮ죬޻졣ƻҪһЩ
ӸǾ۵ס
ǳصĿ⣬̾ڴ֮ϣǽʮ׸ߣаΧڡֹģĳУѰܽ죬ֻԼæڳַ֯Ƿ
ϿǽɵģϳֻܼԦѪ䵽˳ſڣǱݣȻ˳ĽУһ·ִ˳
סݻ̶ȿ֪ۡĹֻѾӽ˻ʹʤԺһһû죬һ·
ȽӼϳλܼҡ
Ǿܼǰھַ񣬸ϳ̸˲ɼħ顣ʱգּˡ
ܼһڼǺϳûиԼ飬̬ȲǺ飬ϳۣе糾ͣ΢΢üͷգһʱ㲻ȥϴϢһȻٴȥϲ࣬ݲö۹
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һ·լԺִһ̻Ի͵Ĵͨ͸İϵĵ̶ͿŽᡣ
ЩˣһӶ߽Щˣһӡ
ϳһڣ߽档
ͷһݻΣף߶ȸţ񹤾տޱȣƹ񹤡
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ܼһȺվ࣬ȫͷԵñϹϾ˼ɸֵϢڸ߱ˣиڰб
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ĪңȻ٣һүųĻϲ֪󵽺ֵز
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ˣûʲô˵ģһħװڴˣ⻹һװŶħһ͸ˣ㲻á
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ЩǵԼõġ
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ʱһߵϳǰһŴƱԼһСƿ
ϳպӦõı꣬Ÿ˵ǼˣǰʮɽѰҩңʮɽƵۼһҲ֪Ҫһ˼ƽ٣
ⷬ羪ףڳ˶һܼҵɫˡ
ΨȻ򶨣ɫǷ
ܻŻˣǸǡ˵˵Ĺģжپȷ򡣡ʡ
ҽһкö۵һʵԹ⣬ع򣡡ϳ
治ˣƾı߾ؾܵס
߾İղ֪Ҫ٣󷢴ȱǲǰȥ߾֧Ԯһס߹صİվʹˡƹܵķںҲһౡ֮ǰȥ߹ʺҪҲʲôΪΪĴӢۣҲùƼҺڵĵԹۡɱҵļҲΣա
ϳⷬ˵úǳϿңֻҪæҲԼѹȥϾϼĸлĸĸ
εҲǱң
ⷬжѪĻЦˣȻžܼҷԸȥô󽫾ﳤ߹ǰǰæسǣΥߣٽǴһΣ



196 ݽ
Сܼҹȥûκγɡ
ϳЩɣΪԼˣæʵүղ˵Ҫرߵľͳͳ
ǡƽϡ
ڿʲôЦпܾҪˣ߹صؾͲ㾹Ȼؾǵ˭ֵ壿ûرߵĻ峤ֱ룬סڱ߾ϰȫҪ֪غ˵ǿǳǧˣϳȻŭʣȫ޷Υľ
ϳʣһȻԵƵᣬûмȥͣǷԸѾȥȡһȲ
˹ĺȲ裬Ž͵ƣʮΧ֮֮֮ǽ֮ر֮ƴ󣬱߹ر㣬·Ļֻᱻơֱذ̣֮ϱһǣȷǳصƽһ·ɱֻҪסգܵȵԮʱ֮ΣȻɽ⡣Ҳϳصԭ򡣡
ôסˣɱĵطô죿ӱ߾ߵǣ;б鲼СϰպֹûбޣûпھͿʼѣҲӳ̫ԶȻҪأβѷصصڱ߹أֻҪסܸЩϰջʱ䡣˷ǲľ飬ֻҪһټȺӦرߵľֹѣ˼ϳͼȰ˵ı⡣
սעҪˣҪǱס֮ЩѰİաôȥ߹ԸǧǧİȥĹơҰղ紵ЩûµϰҪж٣ʮ˵Ҳֲһ߱󡣡
ʲôϳԽԽŭȻһȣ̫ŭϸ΢ĲҲӵҼ٣䡣
ȫǰϰյ˷ĲֵĲݽ棬ֻסԼһĶֵأĵطܡ䵭̬ȣʵϳŭ
ƽȣϰյҲ
ѵΪߣǵͲֵǮˣ
Ȼлס߹أͲԷ廹ûͰرͳͳߣϳ޷ͬ
ϳڰĸɢвʵƣƻһ𣬷·̩ɽѹһ㣬ϳֶѹһ
ϳԽԽ£ɢɱ¾֮ѹϵ࿹⣬ʼհѼͦñֱ
ûжŭϸϸƷŲ裬С֪ʲôֺһôΪֻԼܿܿ룬ֻ֤Ŀǳ֡ΪǣҵľõġҪ벻ͨͻȥ룬ǰ󺰴УʵڴֱɣҲϲ
ûǸˣҶһЩ˶Ĵǳˮܸۣ㲻ϰյ£ϰӵǻִ£ϳѹŭʵ
ߵ£⻰ǲ٣ģѣзԣоѹȻ˳֣ʧȥµĵزҲûȲˡУۼδؾҪҲͼûҪ̫أͷҲֻ龪һ
ƫߵģĿԼ󣬾ɵġ
ûеģҲؾˡ⿿ԼµıδعãܴںæسǾ͸ˣģСһͷֻҪǿºͣҪ㾡ܿڣС𡣡
ˣͬΪı
ϳ仰ֱӷȻת档ˣ˵ʲôҲı䲻ľֻװ˷ѿˮ
ǰһһ䶼û赽ʹ´˵ر
᲻߹ܷסϰȫδ֪
ͷϳֻһܸıʲôأһǻѪкã
ȵϳߺ˿ڲ裬˵һ
棡

ʮɽĳأ̾һɽϣԴɽͷϵǸɥ顣
̶Լڶվڴ棬ңԶڲϻ۵֮࣬Ŀ⡣
֧Ϊ̶ŷģ˴ĲⲢҪĽǱһֲ߻
㣬оЩ幻ôҪ٣ټһЩ㲻ڵЩ꣬ʮɽһֱûзս࣬ģٴʮҲܾۼ
һö˵͸һ
̶ѭȥ˵ͬĸãⳡĲ߻ߣԷдһҹ֣Сҹ


197 
СҹŲ̶òͬ˫һһЦĶǣ̶ͬǣдȻ񲢲峺⣬Ǵżֲ岻òζ
Сҹĸ£һͷڷףɫٲͷʶ£·ɫȺסĽסɫɲ͵Ĵ⣬γ·ԼЬӣ󱳵ûͷڣȫ¶⣬һ׵赡
̶ֻҪϵͷһ˿ҡ
ģ㹻ˣûҪ󡣡̶ƽĻش֮ǰ顣
ΪʲôأòǽĹȴ̫ã˰ɣҪĻǿ̫ˣĴˣμ̳иĴҵͳǧ壿СҹЦʣ˫г¶Ĺ⡣
㻹ҧסһСβ;ͲɿڣԴһؼһֱڸߴ磬˵ϲ壬᲻ɱ塣
ѵô
Ѿʵж֤ˣҲжһδ²ɶԶ֡
УɱٸʲôСҹƲƲ
ٵĻǱɱ˾Ͷˣ⡣̶䵭
ʱһúͽͱ֣ЩͼɶŶ
̶ĬȻҲɫκһϵᱻץסȻݡ
֮ҲȨ֮ұȨ֮ΪпѪȣŹƽһ棬ŮԱ̶Сҹʸ뾺˴˼ìҲ˶
ǵСʱ򣬽öȽϵûʲô֮ġֱһ죬СҹĿƵĿһͷ૵˵һ䣺Һ棬ʮɽ嶼ҵĽ£
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ϻۣܿҪˣʱͻӱΪ̶Ϊ˷ӡ˼ʮܷ꣬ӡǸˡ
̶һȻ·𲻰νϣǲеȴѾճȭͷ

뿪֮ϳѪ𣬴뿪˵أǵ׼ɵʱȴԥˣѾأ֪Լúȥδӡ
ѡǰ
һѡܱٸϼ壬üϿ뿪ȫĵطܷͷҲȥʲôﰲȫȥģ˭Ըֵ˭ȥ޹ء
һѡͦԼķںţϸ߽취ϸһرߡܷסĽŲ
ѡиĵ
ϳΪѣͷָͷϵĽָССĹʵүӣ˵Ȼϼ廹Ȼھ֣ѡ·ãˡ
ھʱϲ˵ʵˡ²ҪҸôѾдˣֻԥѡСӣȫҪһµʱ򣬾עҪһЩһЩˡƲɼãǾѡһԼϲԵҧһءԹ˵ݿ
Ѿдôϳ۾µѪ˳ӦԼѡеķ
Ѫշھ֣
Ҳһ޴ѡ񣬵ϳڡ
ϧǴ
ĻӢ۶Ǳʷб㲻ֲ׳֮ϵҲƽ档
Щ˿ܽڵһλ
Щǡ

ھַںš
ϳѪһ·ɵִ˵أ˳¥ϵŶ˵ϡһץ޴ı޻Ϊ˳С
˿ϳ׷״кһһͷɤһһ
ϳ΢΢ͷʾ⣬û˿ɣֱһΪĵط
νĴһԶ봫ʩ̺󷨣ǽҪǮʱҪעңޡ
ĸҪܴһվ˵һУﵽԶ뽻Ŀģþ볤
ʹһδҪʮңʱԽãȻԽľǲƴֵھҲԲֻµʱŻᶯá
Ƕôʩʱ
ϳһ·ִﴫλڳ¥ˡ
רŵĹԼһϳ첽
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Ĺ¹Թհ죬˴ĴţյģŸӵ󷨣һЩ׵塣
ҲҪϳ֧ΪͷһרŵʽɹʹãֻҪгɾС
Ϊ˱֤ϳܶ˵һЩʮң󷨾ͺ񱻵ĵƣ貵Ĺâ
һգֱ֮ھ֡


198 
ֻʣϳһˣ˵ȶǲˡ
ϳվ룬ΧĹâģһЩ
һϵԶ쳹ֻϳһܹ
Ǵͷ콡ھΪ£
콡
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ϳǼ򵥽һ飬Լ࣬󻰷һת
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սմʱ֮ԲϳһΪ˱ʵΪ˽֮شϻ壬ȫϴơ
ⳡսҵĲϻ壬սеաԿ壬ôˡ
ӦǾ仰
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ϳһҧ¾ģ˾еľ󾢶㲻콡֮ǰ뷨ŷںȥġ
γһ̣ƻ󷨵࣬˸ھ磬ĺ¡
߳ϳϴĴţûҵκ˲׼ȥСͷҲ⣡
뻤һۣɻ󣬿Ǽϳı飬˭ҲûжʣֻǹԹԴӦ
ϳ뿪˼ŷ顣
·ϣǧŮӭһѩһˮϷѩٻŮǵ֪ϳˣϳᡣ
ٻϳûо⣬ǼϷѩʱ򣬻Щġ
СѩôھˣϳȻ
ҺȻõʦҲͦõģ͹ˣպøû㡣Ѿʽڿˣ㿴ǻռǡȻʦһһŬġϷѩζӵ΢ЦָָؿڴƻռǣǺŵ˫Ѿ߹ģ
ϳĬˣϸ룬ͷﵹãҪ֪ͨ壬ھдһŸ㣬ϻؼ壬Ž峤Ŀ
ھͻؼ壿ϷѩɵҲŸ뿪尡
ҲͬݸԴͷݸȻڿͣ͵ҵϳһ
ϷѩΪϳ֮󣬶Էܸˣû뵽⸱װͰ͵̬ȣɵþЩίСֹǵͷôʲôӡ
ϳ˲ϷѩСŤдһţܷ룬ϷѩͬʱõٵҲ˶ԷУжԷһͻؼ壬ԼĸСٵܹ٣ıϳТġ
Ϸѩܲ˵Ĵȥǰϼפء
֪дŵųصǺ⣬ΪԶΣգˮ


199 
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ٻ룬˸ʵȥʮɽ˳ɣûҵ㹻ħ
ǿ˳ɡϳЦشʵ˳ְ˸Ӷš
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ӴʲôУЩˡ
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ϳһ·߱룬иһƻϷѩæټˣȥ
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ϳСͷվһ̨ϣ˵롣
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ڵԽԽ࣬й¡ʦڿԼִŵˡ˲֪ʲô飬ֻղԾ
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һһƬȻ˽ˣ֪жôΣգȥ߹صһһ顣
ϳٴ飬˰Űٵ˵ģҲôҰװ׳ε³֮󣬻ѷںŲֿдĲȫָңзݡһս׬Ǯ֤ʮ׬Ļࡣ⣬ֻȷѣھֺܿͻǲӢ֧Ԯǣͷ˶п١ͷڣǻʲô˵ˣۼδػҲܽĹңһֻ龪һǾ͸ˡ
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ϳⷬ˳һ裬һŤתģ˶Ŀ־塣
Ҫھֻ˹ǵûʲôµˣھָƣҫ𼶾кü
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Ȼ֮лǴŸһЩԵǶڴûӰ죬ȫϳԴͷѹȥ
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˸鱨
ǰ߽عء
һЩù簵ɱɳȥĴʹüĻ
ϳָķ򣬾İһ곤ӶһЩ顣
еİ֮ϳһǧʦٱ߽󷽻ǧҵĴ󲿶ӽѾǷںɳȫ
桢ٻ˶֧鵱Уϳ뽫ЩڷںŵģĻһɣҾģֻܰһᣬǶˡ
ϳѪıϣĿԶ૵ҶԲǡ
ǰ·½½һЩѵˡҵϢѾڱ߽ˣֵĻ̻̣ϰЯҴڣĴѡ
ʵǿ׬ǮףϰյӾͿˣڴ󲿷˶ԣƥֻܿߣ·ٶȿ֪
˱̱һһӡһ·ҪͣϢ
˰ѶŮ˵˰ԼĶŮߣӿˣŮ檡
˺Ҳû죬ǰѵ·ϰ죬ݵأݸĸ
˹룬Ըѣڼżϣરવĳ̴
࣬ϳҪȵա


200 
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ߣɳʹֹһŷʽҲֹһɱʹ;Ҳпܵġ
ⶼ޹ؽҪκסҪġ
˵ﳤǸѪжսֻˣϣ˵ģǸث֣һһѣǾȫˡ
ϳͷһݣƲԼĶ鲻ܣȫٷǰȥ˵
һʱ䣬ϳڿ쵱
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˵﹫ﳤӵһҫ𼶱ī룬˶ǹﳤˡ
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ڵľϳзŴ
ﳤ迴ϳȴûͣ£ʾǰ档
˫ԽԽһףʮףʮףһף
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һڰǳ⣬ѹﳤ˵òȻŭڵȻɢһɳ첨ΧĻɢ
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ϳﳤҡȴλʿر߽ĲֹǹңҲڱǵˡ֮ѣǵֵܽãǵļ׾צ¡ｫԥϣܱһ̬ȣ뵱ثֵĿԲ˵ȥһľͺĿںţİ˸ѵ𣿡
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ﳤ׿Ⱥ鼤ǧЩӶĸҸģ˶ĽʲôµģⶫһȱԴʢƺȵʱӻ֪ء
ǰر߹أ
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201 ɽ
ϳע֮µת飬ԭ·أΪ֮Ϊ֮ɫղŵһϯı˺ܶˣܶ¡
ԭλڶ׵Ĺﳤڷ˶βī뱳ϣбƳϳûһȺ˺ƵĻص߹صڻңԼҲ⣬ϣҸعص¡
ϳչһЦͷųʥӡޣȥһ·ﵽ˹ﳤߡ
󽫾ģҿɲֹˣƤӵˣǹ˵ͣʵϳұ֮⣬ǧʦ˵ȴҲܰһæϳЦ
ھġǵǧˣ㹻סһģˡĴɱԮϸӦûܶ£һЩ֡ﳤ˵
˵ȻԽԽá
߽ʮɽһĵͼ㿴𣿡

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ǵûǶࡣ
ʵܸߣݬ룬ʿǰ͵βŵ˱
ǺðɡҾͲҪˣеͨĹء
ס𣿡
ڹڣ
Сӣ֣ϧ㲻Ǿӵˣһ㵽ֵµﳤϳ͡
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ࡰ֡ˣһ
빫ﳤرߴ£ϳȥعھֵĶ飬ر߽˵һ£Դ˰ġˣ˿ȥرߵģֲпܵס
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𵶣󷨾˫ۣüĴһ㣬һ𣬽۵һ
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ѸٷŴףʮףʮףһֱʮ׸ߣֹͣ
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ϳ˵вٿſ˫ֿۣסѾжϵɽͷȻɽͷʹɽ塣
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ɽУߵС·ڴɽͷתԵ׶ο·ϣС·ˡ
˼֤һĻȻȻ뵽һ仰ɽ
ϳǵʵ׳߶δܰ쵽飬ȴ쵽ˡ
ٽôޣһס
ϳææµµΧС·ˣѹΧ˸Զĵط˹һߡ
˶·֮⣬˻飬ӹͨĹأսȵȡģΣ֮ǰҪһֱȥ
ھֵͨĹ죬֮ǰɳȥ̽һϢʮɽеѾϣڵɱ
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202 
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Լԭ̺ͬЧҲͬ
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գھֵԮٳδعصھӲֲɵӣһЩɣһЩԷ˵ھֵѹͲһҪ
ʵϳܳϣĶҡһжһ
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Щ΢ĽڹϣȻŶ룬ϳһۡ
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˵ֻʵͦģϣܻԼչãԼĸѰҩϳЦȭͷ
ͷϳһȭ
ΪƣȭΪģ

˵껰ϳϹذ㣬۲ΧȻмٵľͷ˹ȥ
ͼһʤѩŮֱͨĹضϷѩ
ϳ۽ǳ˳飬ֵĳ嶯
òһŰϷѩǲˣɵѾͷȻ˻ܺ


203 
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ҡͲס棬·͵͵ţ֪飬æعءģǷתȥˣ˰͵ģһ׼磬ӵȫĵطϷѩ
Σգһ࣬һ٣뿪üˡ
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ߣ
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Ҳ㣬ֻ롭Ϸѩֹ׵˵ĺΡ
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ϷѩŹһԳַ̧ںŵǰֻһΣգ㡣Ϊ֮ǰûһȥھ֣ѾڹһˣٺڵڶΡ
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ĪаѧʱϷѩΪ̫ƴ޷ܵ»ʹȥϳʩȣְϣΪעһЩתѡ
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ϳĽŲתͷ˹ȥһۿٻֻߵӰ
ϷѩҲһĻϵ΢Ц˼ָӣھ㣬㲻ڣЩһֱٻչҡÿʱ񶼻úܲһҲƽʱ࣬ܿó㡣
һǸֻϳմմϲ
͸ϲŮһŮҲϲˡ
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Ǿȥɡ
㲻Դף
ȻеԴףҿˣ㻹ȥ׷ɡҪˣܻܲ춼Ǹ⣬ֺοִڶռء
Ůˣƽ⣬͡ϳЦһǰ׾ɵɿ׷˺뿪ٻ
ϷѩһݶңϼϡԼϼ֮лһɺɫ
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204 Ƭ
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ϳǺŪأ
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ٻٴμϷѩԵЩΣʴӡ
Ůж֪ԷУ˭ҲԸ˺Էֻղ
ϳŮһ𣬰ڳȻ֮ɫ췢ĵϣ£ԸȢϷѩٻΪޣͬģ壡
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ϳŮྴΧţദʱ󷽣֮ȴ˱ͷǰˡ
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ϳ°ͣѾԼŮˣ󿴿ҿ۸Ци
СɫеģӶɳˣһåࡣϷѩ
ű۸ǵóԶû׼ʲôʱҪˣԶôСٻһϸδϱϳ˺öʳﵽ⣬е
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ԭķ䣬һӱû谵ϳûԵ̬飬ǹԹ˵յûȥֻ֣ϳ˸ٰʮ顣
ϳҹɫߣʮֱ׾£Ůһһͳͳ˴ϡŮղûߣҲˣư͵Ҳʹϳ
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ϳŮҪĶˡ

ʮɽԶٽ߽֮
籼ڵĺˮһ·ӿˣڼ伸û谭ľӪȥ¥գɱ㹥ˣֱڲģĵֿ
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205 ٳ
룬ǧ׵Ĵ̾ڴˣվ̶ˡ
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㲻ڸǰ˵Լͨôֵʱͳ˧֧ˣ㲻̶ȱȱ
㻹Ǵ󷽣ȻˣҾȫȨˣģһɱһЩġνЩƳҾ֡
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֮УֲɱȨ߸ܻӭҲֻͳȺͺñȺܵһ׵ֻ
Сҹ촽аװָͷŪźڷңŶЦ֮ʹ·һˣҪĹͳͳ飬֪֪ô죬ȺͶǰˣһؿôԡϣⳡսӢУϲˣǵ𽵹ʱһҧǵĲӣǸоֱˡ
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СҹһΪֱؿ˼ڴѺ
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һööڵŻ׵壬ը˻ҲеڵĴֵûɱЧ
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һվϳб󷽵ʦͻ¶֣ӽϳĺ󲱾ϳƶûУǴ˸·ĺϣݺݴض
ϳȻһʹصϣæǰͳ壬ʹڱϵĽ˳ȥȻתĵ͵ϮԼˣ˫ĿҪ


206 αװ
սŸոմ죬Ϯϳ۶ϳ˻Ƕսֶо޴Ӱ졣ϳܿҪΪء
ϳų֮ˣֺϤ
ԷΪһϵʦΪ˱Ƚϵ͵ʵȴͣ͵˽𼶡
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һյľګ¶һĨЦֺὣסϳնĵŻӳһֻŵ֣ڵϣͷųһ
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һϼ٣۶ȴȻģӴơ

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207 
ͷϣ̶ò·һұĲ
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̶𱳺Ǿ޴İɫβƾҪһҲɱˣܽϳ򵽰ȫĵط
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㣬ȥҵɱɾҪԶԶˣСҹһɨĿϳԼ⼸ˣֳɺڷ˹ȥ
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208 ͷ
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209 Ԯ
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210 
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211 
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Ů˫˫ȥǰԼͬ͵Լδķһۡ
콡ûͷŶѹȴϳһֳѹǶԻĿֱġ
ͷϳһЦ콡
콡ˣָǰĿյأϳǱվšһһվŵԵø߸ϡ
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ȵĲھֵˡ
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СӣӹȻʣҲҶ죡
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һŬ
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212 ನֹ
ǸȤĵطϳûбŵ˼Ȥ
ȻǺõطʸĻңҲãʸ񡣡콡
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û͵ọ̈Ҹʱ׼׼Ȼ͸·
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ΪҪһСæȥ죿
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ϳᵶһɽǰһԾɽ棬еһѩװ£ɽһƽ档
ȡһдǧ֡Ŀɨӣӡͷ
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ϳٶȸ߸д󵶷·ΪɵĿ̵õһһճһ֣ɽϡ
󿪴ϵĳɱˣԵҪΪѣǸϸµĻΨе¯ĵͷܰ쵽
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ٱ֮ʣﳤһϳļͷ³һҲˡ·߾ʱ򣬼ǵȥҺȾƣҪ㲻˱ڣ
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Ӧſ˫޴ڿնƲ꣬һưôꡣ
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ڡ
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ǣͽȥ졣ܼҹӦǡ
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ǡܼٴӦǣзˣһé®СӣȻõ˿ء
̣ϳʸǽݺĸӣ

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һĻɽУԾһʹѪȨġɽڱΧۼƵ壬аȵĿۼ봦ƽ̨ϣٻӰ
̶Сҹ絥ϥأǷĵԴģֻǵĸףǵĻʣ
ڽ˶֮⣬һͷһӶϣΨһԺģ
Сҹͷ˵Ž״
ۼۿžҪؿˣһ˾ɱڣʱȻشջ챦ҪͷɺȻ첲գֹǽҪЮ֮飬òӦձˣװ˷ս
СҹղᵽɺҲ̶ıš
谭ƫ̻壬ЩǷɵ
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ԱߵСҹЦˡ
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Ȩ֮ƣʤֻݵǸ
СҹŴޣѾԤ˽ƤӣЦʵ𣿡
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һ̣޺ݺ£


213 ھ
ӦڼٷУٶȱϳѪ˼ȫͬն
һ·ϣӦ;ɹݣܿҪִĵشˣھ־֮⣬⼸һܲҲڳǣ˵ǸƼʻĵطǹҵࡣ
ϳԼλ֪վúܽڹ˼˵Ŀ⣬ʲôСֻżһЩĿ⽻㣬½˶ѣŮ¶˵̬ϳ
лƽݣ
飬ߵһȫϳϵ˫ƴġ
뵽Լĵϳһ˿ۣԿ浶شûиԭ
ǿģٶȺĻܼӿٶȡȼԽߵıޣԽԸԭ
·ϣȻ˵Сӣ벻̶֪ĵϸѾ֪ǺҲˡ
ϳһæȻ֪˵˵
ʮɽ֮źü͸ĹһΣ˴һ޹ģĹҽлʵۣлӣйֱɺԼҹɺǳŮҹǴŮ˵ɺѪͳ̳˸ףһβ԰βҹ̳еĸһߵѪͳûаβͷʮһͷҵʱ̶չ¶һβһŮͷ㶼˿ͷ޹λǺϣҲ²⣬̶ɺһŮҹ
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ʱ̶ҹнŵ˵̻Ļƺè塣̻壬һܷɵ飬̶ص޹ֻ֮»ܵѡ
ϳԶǡ
̶Ȼǿ޹л޷һ죬⵽ѣܻܿԿͷ
ְһΣȴʲôﲻϳȻսȭͷ
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鲻ʵͰ˵İ죡ϳ˫һ˸µĿꡣ
ϳǸĴܲʶŮ˵У̶Ķ¶Է壬ǲԸ̶
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Χ˲ûⷬһȴϳϵϢ궯˼Σ·¶ޣҲ֪Ϊʲô

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йϳͷԿһЩ¼ҲͨͷβΪ˲෹̸ʡ
ĳأһĸʢʳĳŸַζһ߳һ߸̸ۡ
ԼǻزסƸϳǣϳһھܾˣŤͷߣһӶʱҿϳ̬ȼҪǣҾ֣֪Ҫˡ
ϳǹƥסҲƯƾһϯ˵˹ﳤ裬ص˱߹ء
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ǣаξðļԢ⣬ĻʳǣѾʮ֮áˮߴҵ˵֮
ռؼ㣬ģ֮󳬺һ߳һߣҪһߵͷڻֳ򣬼ռһ飬ɢɢĵԼԵشСԼհ仧
ھֵھڳǵĶռ˺ôһ̣ģĻʹҲضá
Ӧƿշǵִ˳ϿգӴ߸ϵ̬һɧͷۿ
ڵˡ콡˿Լһļҵתͷϳʱ䲻ˣ͵üã糹׶Ͼϵʲôܣĺǹͷˡ


214 
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ڰվһŮȫᣬÿ˿ȥǵ֮
ָָԼ˵ҾǰߣԽҰ浼ʦӭ
ŶϳӦһԷϲ׻ҲûҪ˵׻ˣʡ˿ˮ
ָָˣĸϲ񣬷ֱһŷϲ񣬶ŷϲŷϲԼĺŷϲ㣬Ȼŷϲˡ֪ĸ˭һЩ
˱糣Ȼϰƺ
ϳէеͷԣô룬ŷϲƺҲ˵㣬еˡԴǿɻû˸ƺĵҲó츳
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һ̣ϱֲĸϢεչ¶ҫΪ


215 ŷϲ
սҫ𼶣Ѿ츳ֲܹˡһҲֲһҫ𼶡
ϳ۽ǳ˳飬ԤһսĽӲͷƤ˫һԲĹ˹ȥһ־ǽ߾ȫɱ¾ƣ˫עۻ졣
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һϳ󱳣ͻأĳϳ󷽣ϹЦ⣬ϵĹȴ顣
ϳ˿Ѫ˼صˣͷ˶ѵļϵĵһͣɢ
һжסȻǸϲЩСһΪԼ츳߾˲𣬵ҵʵһУûʵ츳ٸҲǷϲɱ㣬Ѿˡ߻δ䣬һȱ˦سϳϣߵúɳȥ
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߷̬һЦŹϳһ׺ϥߣϳ°͡ϳǽ棬ǿץŵ֣ǽһȣͼ롣
ӣӵùҫŷϲ̫ˣ
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ץϳ׼ȥϳıŵأʱѪ쮷ɡ
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ץϳԴϹЦݣϳһδڵϣƺҪϳ׻ݲŸġ
ϳܵѹƣѲãɿ˫֣ʹΪͷȥߡ
һ𣬽ͷˣŷųԼͷޣһһߣһǳԴȮȫҫ𼶡
޶ԱޣԶ׼ҫ𼶵Ķ֣ԼѪ𶼱ߵıѹסˡ
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ͷӦø˵ֻҪһ뿪޵׶ǻҡʲôΪʲôֶΣֻҪһһ»ң뿪ط޷ң͵챻۸ҵĽ̵ʽǾ仰ӭ
Цúܹ죬Ҳִ
ϳ˿Ѫ˵ãɹҾ뿪˵أ
ϵ鶼֪ѣˣƤ˭ᡣҪһ㣬ǼϲŬͬʱҵʵҲһֱǵٶֻԶԶңܷҡЦ
ϳûȻ֪жѡ
˵ĻӭˣĸϲҴŷϲȥҡ߻˻֡
ĸϲȥ˲û飬ΨһĿϳһۣгŵ⡣
ϳһüʶԷ֪ԷΪλԼе⡣
Ҵȥң˵ңʵҲס߱ǰ·
ϳ˲Ѫջرޣȥ޼˰ߣɻǵӶԷİţֻоʱĥ£˳ԽԷʵпֻ̡ܱ



216 ʮ
޵׶䣬ִܿһطұڿɣһͨͨͷźü䡣
һͣ˽Ų˲ȵϵ󷨣˵ߵøӻԾٶȣоѪٶȼӿ죬巢ȡ
ϳȥ󷨹ܸӣȻǱѰ
ָָͷһڴӣϻһ棬ϽܵӣʱߵһЩӻᲶ׽ֹһ̶ȣӾͻᷢÿһϾͻһ֣Ĵãÿ춼ͳһΣȻϲбȽϣ϶˻õ
ʲôϳʵ
ʱ֪ˣǺܺõĶڴžĸϲɲѣľ֣ÿľõԴõԴ͵֤ĸ˸ǿ
Ȼ԰ɣ
ûϲˡ
һЦЦЦһ䣬˷ţƮŨʳָ󶯵͡
ϳţ˹ȥһֵϰʮ̳ӣΧкöƿƿ޹ޡ
ץһ̳ӣ˷࣬Ʈɢ˸ΪŨζݺһڣһҩֽʮкôԺҪǶ˾ṩӪȳԴӡʳߵӰܴ󣬳ԵĺãյӪ࣬ټԴʹøǿһȥߴݼḶ́ѻȥõ¡
ĸ䣬ʳºܳϳǰҲûٳԺöⷽ滨Ǯˮ
ֽ߽˼طסʩΪ걸䳡ԡصȵȻҲ١
֮󣬰תȥͷҲصķԸûкܶҪ㣬һʱˣȵµİʱȻġ
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ڰߵſڵʱϳзǽϿһֵͼͼңְĳֹƺܲѰ
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꣬ϳ˹ˣתȦνһ󣬵ͦࡣ

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217 ͼ
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ĵضУӰһȥܿۼһ𣬽ͬһС
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ϳüʵûµʲôѲʲôԲŮ£
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218 Ĺ
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219 һʮ
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ϳϾ˵ǻᱣ粻õĶ̵࣬Сķʽ
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ϳ֮أż
ʮ˴ΣΪе׵ĴڣһʮΣֻ֪Σ


220 
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һɸֵ̬ȣָ˵ıѵȺǽķϲһ죬ȻôСٶȣһҲ׷ҡ
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ص֮ϳûмȥǰѶӽָг˳һ顣
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ļԲȶʱ޷ġ

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ﱾǲ̲ңһλˣڶ·ԭʶһ𱻴⴦޵׶ŽϤĦһЩ𻨡
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˵ȻҪһġٶҲὥ׷ҵġ
˵·һȻһӻȡ˸ղŵõĵĹֵݸ˲̲衣
ĹԣΪ٣ԺҵõĹͳͳԣΪ׷ˡ·󷽵
̲迴ǺͮͮСӣˮ˫һײĿ⣬Ȼ޿ľܾУУ츳ӮĽôҪ
̲ƴǣ·ȴִҪöĹ˲̲ĿС
С˰ѵĹˣ·ܿġ
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Ҫ˼棬һںϰ΢ĥ
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˵ɫѿ֪ߵʵܵȺŹǶֻ֣ᱻߵŰ
߼˷Ӧ䵭Цøˣģǰ״ģ˭Ҫֵ³ŹʮУԻһϵĹඥؼ


221 д
ඥؼ
ϳؼİϼ̨ӮһֻȼЩ
ͨඥؼֱӻһѧ䣬ѧϰһ似ٶȣĻҲѧˣʴʮ
ҫ𼶵ĹඥؼϳС൱֮󣬺ñǶһʳ۾ﶼҪŹˡ
ߺЦȻָ³ŹʮвܵõȺŹĻֻĥǵʵսѣκνѹǣôоӮȡؼⷽһˡЩඥؼݬ룬˭ȴֵ³ŹʮУһѡؼõߡ˾ֻܺһЩиʣˣпһò
һϯ˽֢ڡ
ֻгˣܵõõĽ
ϳܵεѹţͲͬˣ˵츳Ҫո¶ͷʵںѣ
ˣһ飬˭ҵϲ˹ָζ
˭ûаգҲԸ⵱ͷ񣬾˽֣ȻûһӦս
ߣһȺث֣һе˶ûУд趼ųӣҪֵսҪŵӣûҴҾǿǸҴ򣬴һŷϲʼҽ֣
ЦһӦս
һŷϲʤ׵壬ӲͷƤ֣˫һΣиԶһ˳ǹһɽǹɢ˾ͷ·Ϊ˳۳ҽĴ󽫾
ʤŽΪ̳үүǹһ˫ǹڵͬ޳ߡ
ڰǰʵ
ǹһﵱǧ
ʤ糱ע뵽˫ǹ֮Уһǹǰһǹں󣬳Ű߹ɱȥһɼľͷſХ֮

Цһܿľٶȷɿ죬ȴͥŲš
ʤһգǹж仯˫ǹ·һһҼлߡ
ǹ˫Ϸ飡
߲˷һ۽ʤ棬ȡԼõСʤϺݺһ⣬ݶ¶˳
߽֣Ǽҳ㷹
ʤ߶ûһսˣ˫ǹȴ⣬ߵࡣһеǶȡȫȱ
ɪУԵˡ
ߵѹ˾Хδ䣬ʤһ˳ȥ
ʤ˸߸߷ײ컨ϣ׹ڵء
ƴٶȣʤʱλеһҲֻڰֵ³Źжѡ
һŷϲ񡣡Це·
ššĺš
·ҶС¥ٵ̲裬ȫߺݺݽѵһ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ϳһֱĬĬս֮ǰ˽⵽ֵٶȣιս˽⵽ʵսȼУҲܿһ˵Ĵˮ׼
һֵϳԼ
ŷϲ񣬻ĥĥʲôҸЦ֡
ϳ˫ȻûóȻƽߣѡ˺ˣһ߼ˣһǿʩչֶΣעϵ浶ϣʹõѤõĹâ
ӣΪӵõ𣿡˫һУֱֱȥ׷ϳ
ϳֵֵն糵״ĵõߡ
߾ͺһߣƶӵ϶ʵڶ㲻ģеС𿪡
˫ľѸ̣գۼ̵ף
ϳüĴŹͷųһһ޶ֻ޴˫ȭöŶڵߡ
СЦеĵôСȴնһ׵ľ޴ϳһΪƲűϳˡ
ϳֻǰһȫҲ޷Ӧ㱾Ϲèӵ齫һֵն˳ȥͬʱ˦зɵһ
䣡
ײһҵײµɢΪϸСľ·ˮɢ
ϳܵҳ˵ɳȥ鿪Ƥֱײǽͣ
֮ǰ˳ʥӡߵı߶û
ϳӲվһ˳ŵʶµѪѪЩѪգۻصڡ
սԤϣϳǰˣֻܵûϴôǱ
߿˵ϳЦŨСѾͷǽϵɣѧĵͦ졣֮ΪܸͣҶ̶ֳΪף֪ܲ׷ˣ˦ҶС¥Сӵûʲô⡣
ۣϾϳ䡣
һûð㣬˵ķϲΧһˣòſóƴ
ĻϲûܳŹУ˼һĵһЩ
˽һɫʵʱǿʤһ֣ϣ
䣬һ˰ߣʩչԼǿʽûκεı
ˣȻǰߵĶ֣֮һ仨ˮ
䳡ڵĴƬ̣л˲ٲҽ
˻صԼסʱѾò⵽ĥʵսǵıŰдȶ

ϳصԼңԼģнȻղúܲңܸоԼǿ֮ʵȻһء
Ϊĵط֮һȻ൱ڽ㱾ĵӣֻҪʱ㹻ͷųԶԶʵĹ
üŬ˲ڽŵµζ̫ˣҪȳĸߣȻٳߣ
Ŭɡ
ϳ˵ҩȹһƣٴͶ뵽˷С

ǣھܲ
һ乫䳡С
ٻֵϷѩֽд򶷣һӯ࣬һ׷ɷǺÿ⽣ӰлӣҲʵڵɱС
غϣٻСʤһУõѹסϷѩĽѩĽһ͵Ļȡ
ˣٻϷѩˡ
ĽҲܿ죬ò˶þ׷ˡٻЦ
ÿھУÿ˾ͳȥߣӹûƽ
Ҳ֪ϳôˡٻ˵˵ţȻһ䣬¶˼֮ɫ
õÿרΪŰŵĵط϶ĺģû׼Ů̺ӹһ󡣡ϷѩЦ
ͷ˵ǵ
Сɱˤˣ»ˣĻĥЩСͷĺˡ
ϣ˰ɡ
ٻͷ޵׶ڵķֻոոϲһҪ˼֮࣬ʵںܲܡ

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޵׶еĳ˴˸硣


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ϳϥڵϣ뵣뷢޷Ʈ֣Ҳ
һתԱߵᾧŹһͷһͷ·黨һŤһֱںϣγ
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˹Ч֮ǰߡ

ÿһʱ䣬ӱ쳹һϵֲۻۻٶȱǰ̫̫ࡣ
ֹãߺʱ䵽ϲ񶼹ɣ
ϳֹͣڷƽ˫ۣǷһ˿ϲ⡣
治ףôõʱ䣬ѧٶࡣһ׷ǰλˡ
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˶֪ϳô쵽ģΪλܶʱôࡣ
ȥĲ̲΢΢˫ۣƯһĿ⡣
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ÿ췢һĹֻгڰռһԵڶֻܿ
ϳ˴ЩһֱȾӵһʤλһͷƷ츳ʵھˣÿӶʮΣ
ʤ֪񣬲ϳĿ⣬Ťͷ˹ȥĿԣ˴˵Ŀжûаů⡣
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ղ˼𺳣ʤɫȥ
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ڳܹ˵ҵˣȤϧֻǸJǹͷųһоͿˣʮлԶ
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صԼ֮ϳڵأһһĥԼ
ղΪ˶Ըߣ鼱֮ǿ䷢ӵ˼£ⷽɾ͡
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СԴ΢̴֣ϳ΢ֽһ

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ڷƿرϸ壬Եʱȶǰ鼱֮²ܳʱ䱣ɢںɾܰ쵽
ҲʱԸܵеÿһǿÿһƣȫЩϸ΢ĵٶȡ
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ϳȷʵ׷ĺǱеĵȴԽԽǿᣬϴĲ·ܡ
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Сӣһ֪֪жϡ
ҽмַƣʮ꣬ΪռھֲáԱУûףϲشƨɴŮˡŷϲҽܣԽ˵ԽԶ
סס˵ˣҶϲʲôŮ˲ȤַֹƼ˵ȥóһ׹أöԷԼһ
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226 Ľ
һ˻ٶЩ⡣
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ʤ·˶޷⣬ϳʲôĽģҶţбҪĽһ
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ǵ˭ϳҰɣַٴʵ̬ȼΪֿϡ
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ַһϲ˫۷ŹĿϳüͷʵΪλôصˣ˭˵㣿
˵򵥽ڰ浼ʦҪ´һܣҼˣ˵ˣû󰭵ģȬϳʵش
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У޵׶һжҵİţǶ֣ǲ֣ܶͱ¦ӡСӱĥĥ󣬿Ҵȥҡߺֹסŭļַƣǿдŷϲ
׷ɢȥظҡ
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Ÿռ棬Է̬ȴһҲİˣȳݣ顣
һﵹ˼ġϳζ
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ڣ˷ֱַһݵϳ֮ǰһ˵˵ֵ׳٣ʵ̫˲ˣʱҾ;һҪѣշתأŴ̽ϢΪ˸棬Ҽھ֣˺һֽţƸۿ㣬˵˵Щûа׷ѣ½챻ǸߴһҲֵˣ
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ǰȫǳģȻĻҲŲʲôھֻ֡Ҫܼ㣬˵ʲôھ֣ʲô޵׶ĺҲҪȥ
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Խ˵ԽͶɴߺȾƱ˵һֱ˺ܾãַŸ뿪
޵׶˸ϲ񣬶ϳ˸ѡ

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·ҡҡͷ֪顣
ֻƾղŶԻеֻƬƲ⣬ϳǧȥֵȷʵ˲׳١
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ϳʩչʮöһߴȭȣһе
ϸ΢仯ٿھߣյڣһ㶼˷ѡ
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ϴβͬǶһϲ񣬶ϲϳΪѣ䱶о壡


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ԡЦƽֹ˽ڲͬǿ򣬴ԽԽġ
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ԷһҪ֣һߣȻִȡȻҲܱ֤һʧһҲû취ͷҲҵġҵ˼ôҲϣɱ֣һֳʲôҲûϵҵ̬ȡ
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γһɹɾ磬ܣǱ紵Уͻᱻ
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ϳԴ޵׶ÿͷͻƵ𼶵ļ󡣴ʱ˿̣ĵž˱仯
糱תγһУϴĴศɣѸٳɳľ塣ľ岹ȱʹԭıƽһҲͽӽ˱Ρ
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231 Ȼ
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234 ʮ
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ҹʱ˽ǸȻ⣬֮ǰڵľһƵصǮȫǽ׬ģ


240 һ
ڵĴһʱɵֽ֯ǻᣬԱһˣΪ׵ҫ𼶣Ķǽ𼶡ͨھڲ棬õڵ鱨˵ıؾ֮žʱ֧ڣȻĶһ̻ᣬ׬˽һʮң
ǻὫ˿ϷһգֵúСģɻ¶ţھָ˳
񷹩˰֣̻֣ͬԼǸݡЩеĸеĸץеĸ÷
ϳõһɱ˰˸
ѾˣûҪ飬ҪıʹʹĴɱ䣡

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һɽۼķѣɽϾ˽ǧˣѰɽͬǣɽԳӲҽĹһֱܱߵİպദʱȥܼգڱصܺãٸһֻ۱һֻۣδַ
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ϳһ䣬γһƴ죬ѩϣ棬ھΪ

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ϵֱɰһĨȥֻʣһˣгඬǾǻԣͬʱҲΨһҫߡ
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鳣ඬھֺܴһĿꡣ

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ϳһԵĺͬ߳гֵ˰·ǰǻὫŤͻȪ
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ǾǻԳඬ
ԸǰˣϳȫڽǶԸҫ𼶵ĳඬͲͬˣһ߾ȫĶս


241 ͷ
ˡ
˵αװҲڴ˿̰뿪¶˱ĿʶȻһ䣬ԭجج۱׹⣬͵ͣ߳ף¡һ鼡⣬ͷ׷ӭƮɢ·ʨë
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Ϊඬ˺Ȼ֣ץסץס޴ǻ޴ŵһңһɰעصס
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ϳ˫Ŀ΢УӰٱϻгһɫĳγԱ״֮ͣתİɫ档
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һͷҫ𼶱޽ڤϡг̶Ӧ޼
ӦˮԵģڤǻԵģÿƳඬϳֳڤ߶棬˴һǾ޴ľͷˣһնȥ

ڣɫ조ڤ𡱳˲ȼľͷˡ
νڤڤֻҪѰĻȼյĸ죬ˮ𣬶ܶ˵ˣǳĵԵ
ڤܣܿľͷˡ

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ϳ嵶ڤӦͷϣһĿ˹ȥ


242 Űݷ
̻פء
̻Ǹϲӣ̻᲻ǰһţΧһЩƤ̣Щ̸Ļңڽ¿š
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룬롣λڰæ̻֮ףأñ᳤ܳ
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˷룬֮УһͰζȡ
ʱˣԼʣժסҵĺ첼
һŵĵ̣Ц˻־ľӪ̻ǰһ󲽣̻ǰ;νһƬҲƽƣϸ߷壡
ʵڿգЦ
ϲĻ᳤ףԸ̻ԺԴط
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Ļ᳤Ժʲô׬Ǯ⣬ɲҪǰ
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ǷҵģǷھֵģһ嵥һ֪ϳӻȡһֽϡ
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λ᳤һ㣬˰ǲˡ
򶨣ЦЩһ֮ʣ˵̻ʲô֤׻˵úãտƾ
ֱⷬǻϽͣϳŭϼŭµȻڵ
ôһʽ᳤ֻ֪ܲڸװɵ㶶ѡھֶ鱨գһЩ֤ݣûдΪҪûҪ֤ʲôֻҪ¾͹ˡﲻǹãҲø˾֤˵£ûõġ
ϳȡ±İٱϻϡ
ڣҪ嵥ϵлһ٣Ҫ׿ڳԼܹװɵԱٸҶֻҪֻҪøѴ࣡
һݻ̻Ƶ˾·ս˱㡣
ϵЦȥʵڣ̻ûܶҪأ


243 һͷͻ
֪Ĵ𰸣ӿʱԼϳ̬ǿӲ
ֻοϳĻѾܴˣִҪزūϽЩһܷ¡صĺ̻ܳܵġ
ڳ֮ǰ콡Ҫһ㣬ɽ𻢣һЩھĻˣ֪֪ھֵ
ڸ߸÷
ϳгв֮⣬ŭһЩ̻ˡ
֮ǰ͸ϳаһε˪ٴվȵھֲҪ̫̻ɲǺ۸ģܽƾͰôƷװ㣡
ϳתͷ˪һⲻңԭЩﱾھֵġڶҸղ˵û˵ķݶ
䣬ϳȻ֣ȻԭλȺݺһɨ߳һȷ硣
ž
һ죬˪һ°ͣ˷
žžž
һİ˪ϣһ·߳˴ķĿ֮·ɵ棬˺Զĵط
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ϳִˣ
ÿٶȣҾȻûôеģ
˪ǽߣ˲ãϳһоͰ߷ˡ
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ĺĿ۷׷ףСȻ˳˴ܱӴϷ
˪ǻ᳤Ķӣ̻⣬ˣ̻ӶеĻ׷׳ϳΧסһĦȭƣ͵Ż᳤һ¾չΧ
ϳҲ̫ԵˣǿʶŶִˣʵڿɶ˵ҵͽܣʦưոݣղŲǴԼɱһҫôҲҫ𼶣ɱԿ
һ곤߳ŭȣײӣŭ⡣
˷׷ѭȥϳ˵ݣλ̻𶼵ôϱҪǣλǻʵҫߣΪûаˮ֡
Сðϵģϳһܷ߳Ϊδ֪
ϳʢŭѵˣȻҫߣʸҼס֡
Сӣ㻹湻ġסˣ㣬̻Ŀ䣬ͬʱҲ˪ʦ˪͵ڴʦٶ̤ǰһ
һֺ˵˵˾ǻƽһЩ£ƽ׳԰׺ȣؼʱ̲Ż֡
ϳдվץ˰ٱϻ
Ҫҷ㡣ʩչҲ˼޹ǵ潻֡ϳ˵꣬Ⱥд档
غһ
ۼŶӱһ߷ɣڳ󣬱ŭͷûֹ¡
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ϳٱϻضʹڵϣͬʱȡ˫Уö׼һɱ¾ͷſΪӰںצڵ̫ϬһϸСϬβΧĵ棬γһۡ
δѾ
վһߣͬƴʹõıһצֳʮףצ绢צֱΪĺʹáű׵似ʽһܵꡣ
ҲƣΪ֮ƣ
ϲϻͷ֮˺üֻϻö֮ϻľ۳˻֮ơͺ֮һе
𣡡
һͻӰŭ𣬻Хɽ֡
ҽҪףھҲΪΪҪѧβˣɲ˭ھ֣
ŭһצϳݺݶΪ֮ӳǵ֮Ƹצһ˳ǿʽ
צǷ;ĵ汻ۣ汻˿
ǿϳõȥĻϮצ˴ĳѰĿֲ
ĵ
ײǿǿԾûκλڣֻдһ죬צϸŵɢ֮ƶޣ
ݶðƿѣѪɡ
ϳֻнΪ֮ǿùŹ֣ƺһЩ
һȫûϵԼϳֻ·硣֮⣬Ӱٱϻзɿ˵ڶ˰ա
һͷ޻ζϻԡ𣬶ͷһɫ飬ͷΪһ־֪ı
ϲϻϻεıȻжӡ
𣡡
һŭ𣬴ݼǵ㣬ͷϵĺɫ鼤һֱϳȥ¶ȼߣâĿ
ϳһ̣ĹĻסϮĻһ˦䲻Ĵ˰
һâƹĻֱİ㣬צһԱһӵݽǡ
壡
صķɵȻ˹
ڷĿһ䣬ʱˮŤͷŰ㹥˹ȥɱ˰һֲ
ô
󾪣屻УʱȼԵúǱ
лǰԲˬϳһº͡
ȡʤľʱ
ϳ̳Ӧһǿˮ飬Ű㼤ȥˮɳɲǣҲֵϣʩչʮնһһնϡ
⵽෽һվƴצס˲ֹϣɳȥ
ͨһڵأƿҪһһϳѾѵĲϣĸļ
ʤѷ֣
ղ˵Կܷɱ㡣νʵʣ·¾ɡϳ䣬ϵɱ¾Ϊ֮һݣ·ɱ˵Ŀ֡
֮ǰ˵ĶΪϳʵԲŻô˵µҲӲˣϿûĲ
飡Ҫɱңæ
ŶֲˣϳЦʵ
ˣ
Ӧˣӵնɱҫ𼶵ʵ
ţţ
ﲻҿԲɱ㣬ҵڶΰεһΰεԲѪΰεҵĵѪ飡
ϳ棬תȥһץٱϻɵУбعʡ
ΧһƬȻ
侹Ȼˣҫ߰
ղŵսÿ죬оͽˡ
ϳȻɵĻҫ𼶣ʵڿ£
ս˵Ԥϣ˭Ҳû뵽ϳܹɵĻܰ㣬о߷ʵûϡ
սܺ޵ݣĬĬȥ
¶֮ɫҲЦˡ
ϳһ·߻صԭĴӵʱѾȥһӣʣһӣôԼŰ졣
㶼ˣ̻ҲòʲôԿϳӲȥȻ֮֡
̾һҧͷڴԺȥ׼Щ
ԸˣϳЦһͷá
ھǱ֮һͷǽķСС̻ҿ⡣
һΣӺйã
ǣ
ҧǡ


244 ӡ
ڴס
ڳ˹һ£Ȼ׿ڳϣһжðˡһ֮ڣװĴͷŵϳǰ
ϳϸһȷĵͷ
̻һʼϣϳһĲϾ̻Ứģϧ̻֮ǰûϣϳĺƢĹˣʧȥ˵õĻᡣ
ǡ
ϳ仰ﳤȥ
Ŀϳ뿪лں޲ѣο˷۱װ˷֮ǰǮԼ˫˫ˣ̻ҲܴܵӰ졣
ڲõ
̾һ
εʧ̻ҪྭӪһֲ

ǣƮƴھ֡
ͷ鶼ˣĿϳһ˳ȥ
콡ӹûֱӷϣʨӰԴЦȻ°úƯµıҿˣ㴦ĺܺãɱɱ䣬ô̻ĳߴҲǡô´֮ڹڵøھҲմ⡣һڵϣȻһϯ֮أ
һжҶҪɢģ߱Со泩ˡ
޵׶һ꣬˵ȷʵѰھֳھȻ㣬ǸĽͣŰɡ
콡˵Ӵȡƿϡ
һƿд֣һƿдŴ󻹵֣Ȼֵҩ
󻹵ֶƷҩͻʥҩȥ֮ڻһ󺣰ӯʹ˿Ѹٸԭܳܳһʱ䡣󻹵ǲõģһÿյ޵
ϳһ˺õĵҩһϲƿ˹
콡ЦŽһ붫ղ˵Ĵͬ
ĩˣ콡һ䣺㲻֮ܽдֵҩһæģһˣһ㾡ָ
һܽ磬ϳٸѹʵܽ翪жʱ䣿
һ¡
ʱ֮ܽ󣬻û˻ܰߣ
ǰ죬ַƻ˰ߣ޵׶ˡǸӣٸҲԳɹѼϼܣʤʵãҲӲͷƤһȥܽ硣
ͷԼӻݡϳЦ
û취ֻǿܶһλã·˲̫ˣһܽ磬ﲻʲôϺȡ콡ҡҡͷ
̫٣Ҫٶ༸ͺˡ
ҷѾŵõģǷ飬
һߵ治ס
ϳпһ䣬콡ͷҲид
˴£ǹƣǿã׽Ϊһ콡ٽһķ൤ѡ
Ĭһ£콡ŵ˵ҩ֮⣬һһҪ㣬ע⣬ǽ裬͡
˵䣬Ӱٱϻȡһ޶ƣа˶ߣɫĹ󣬵һֻͷβ͵Ĵڹꡣ
ǱޣֻԼˣôңϳһ㶡
ⲻͨıޣǻӡ콡
ӡʲô
ӡһıҪһߵɡĹ̲ӣǴۼҪ߸ţѪΪѪע뵽һ֮Уӡһ̣ӡˡ
콡ָָƱһѪɫӡǣӡǷ·һ㣬΢Ĺ⡣
ǻӡһ˵
ϳѪɫӡǣоӡǳصķɻΪʲôҪΪӡ
ԭкܶࡣ֮ı޻ع磬һҲ¡Ҫѱ޼ϣֻûӡɡӡлӡһֵԼ֮Լߣ޾ͿԼϡһЩ֮ǰϣԼı޴ˣͻѡӡȻֻнϵıдļֵҲû壬ֵΪ֮
Ҳ˵ӡ֮ǰġҵǿ⣬ҪˣǰһܱʲôûҪá
ӡĴ۲ֹѡ콡һָָϵĻӡѪ»ӡ˾൱ڸԼı϶Ϊһˣ׼˱ϣܸܵһУʶһıζܡӡֱֻܱ̬޷ΪͣһΪͣĻӡͻϾдлӡı޵ܡӡֻһĴţûɣ˵ڱƻ֮ǰԶȥһ꣬ʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬ã
ôһ˵ȷʵСϳĿ΢䣬ЩɲԸ⵱һʹ졣
ӡԭкܶࡣΪñΪ˼ȥ֮ܵ²ųΪ˻ӡ콡ŵ
ӡ֮зӡ˭ꣿ
һΪıһһβͬѰĹ¡
콡ĿһЩȻҸǰҵģҵ¹üι㿴˺ۡ
ϳƣȷʵкü˺ۣе˺ۿЩͷˡ
ܹ֮ͨԭѵӡܣϳʵ
ǵġ콡ͷ޷ԭǻӡһ׶ˡ
ΪҪΪӡ
ЩǳˣҲգֻҪ֪桮Сܡǻӡܽһþˡ
ˣϳٸʵף㻰һתܵƷʣӦҫ𼶣֪к
ĻӡҸ㽫עȥ乵֪ͨйСܵһ֮£Ǹģõͬ⡣콡
ϳԶУһ쵽Ǻɫӡϡ
ָо޵޽Լʱмơ
ϳ֪˭εܽһУһľౡ֮㵲һЩСҫ𼶱֮зڵģһЩЧҲйء
һɣϳԺСܵ
ģСм޵ꡣ
ʥ޵һ֣رʵͨɲ⣬СΪ塣
Сܼ᲻ɴݣҫ𼶱Ҳˣ
һƣϳİܴеļвǣСֻݽһãԺû콡Ͼ֮м޵콡ֳ꣬ϳ˳ʱС
ʤҲҪһǰܽ磬ַ֮ʹòǸ𣿱ϾӡϳȻ뵽⣬ֱԲʵ
ֻзʵǿУܷãʱҪһжŶƱŶƸҷġΪ׼˱ķ֮콡
ܽһǰ;δ֣һʲô⣬ˡϳл
ģ˵𣬾СܻˣҲû˻㡣콡ϳ
ãҾͷȥˡϳͷǾ
˼䣬ϳ뿪Сܸһˡ
ֻʣ콡һˣ֮ǰֳζ
ֳ֮ǰ˵Լˣ˵һӡϣü޵ı飬ʹԼѡεܽһжԣһѵĻᡣ
ڱ棬һúɡ
콡૵


245 Ȼ
ϳ񣬵õӦĽһᡣǱ콡ֱ֮˲ǰոؼյļַƣλ¾һ
֮ϣϳַһ桢ˣǻ˸졣ϯ䣬ϳʼ˼ַλܵİߣܽ顣
һºǾҪȥһˣղ棬²£ϳʵ
ûʲôµģ򲻹¡ַЦ
˵Ҳǡ
ٸһ޵׶ʮ
˺ȵǾƣλȵȴѺǺǵҩԴ廳޵׶жȹһʱ⡣


ϳԼס˹ȭȣѸͣʮܣһâעڡ
ϰţԱЩ˳ע뵽ϵѨ֮УЩΪá
֮ڵתӿŵ籼ڵĺˮۻҿΧǽھ˼ӹ̣סɿֲĳ
˽֮ٶȱԭӿ࣬ͻƱ׼ѶҲ֮ӴˣҪܳһʱ
ϳǽڣֻһߣһҪþòͻƹȥоɽźܽʵԶ
Ҳ֪ܷڽ֮ܽǰͻƵ𼶺ڣվ͸ˡ
ϳΣٴŬ߶飬ӿٶȡ
Ƭ̺󣬺Ȼţϳ
ϳ˵ȴûֹͣڻˮ
Ŵ򿪣һŰ͸С˽ԭϷѩСӡ
ʱͦˣϻЩģġϷѩЦݣƵĻ˻еʳС
ҰʮӱģȻĵģ˵ʲôҲҪԣҪԵøɸɾϳЦ
ӡϷѩЦŨʳǽߵϣҲᵢģԵġ
ϳӦһ·֮ϣһ
ϷѩԱĬĬšǾҰ֮еУҡ΢΢۾
ϲŮˡ
ŮҲϲˡ
׳壬Ұʮ֮ζЩǴ󲿷Ů˵ڿŮˣʮ㡣
ϳϷѩɵһǷǣһշĨ糺죬ȥˡ
ãϳˣת죬ΪһЩ𼶺ֽһ
ĿҰ϶һЩˮ
ϷѩùδķᡣղŹǿž۲ˣִ̼
ü£ţϳߵ̵Ҫ
ٻ˵Ҫڳ֮ſϸзôϳԸ⣬ҲΪ֮һ
ٻģƤӱأհǰ˺˵һЩܷ˵˵֪֪ˣϷѩ
밵͵Ȱ
ȡЦңˣŤͷߣ˭ڡ
ߣߣЦˡϳЦסˣǽСᱧ
ŨŨһȼ˸ɲϴ˸ԧԡźһֱϷѩǰӱ̱࣬ͣ˵㷢մ㺹Ƿļϣۡ
һҹµõļ䣬Ҳ˱˴˵ĸ顣

֮ٽܽ翪ӣ
콡һ뿪ھ֣Ӧ죬ãã󺣽֮ܽءǰ;δ֮սĸо񶼽š
·ϣ콡˵һЩйܽҪ飬ЩǴ˵ģֻϳַԼʤ˶С
ֳС磬ǴôֶοٶɣǷܼܽںױ˷ֵģһЩˣΪĲȶǿƶпܵռٵеĶû˸Ųֻܰԭء
콡ƽϳĬĬûж廰
ҵõ鱨Ĵһε壬ڣھ֣٤ᣬȫһеĻΪǵѣеĻΪǵĵˡµĻЩһϾҶڵ˴˼ĲಢµЩȻ
νĳȻҲڹ֮ϵҶǵĺһȻܹͳڶң۰ԴΧĽƴ½ȻϷһգǲƬ½ͳߡȻͬеѧеţеһЩȼ֯
εܽҳȻӵеĵ࣬һҪСġҳȻǡöѧһʥѧһѧǰߵԱȽºɣߵͰԵˡʥѧˣֻҪǲǣǲ׹ǡѧͲͬˣѧеľǳпѪȣѧѧһĺ֮һҪСģܱܡ
콡ӳȻĸһֱѧ
һѧȴڻȨ֮ϣܲ˼飬ȴǲʵ
ϳ˵ȻĴڣǶԭʮֵңԶͺһִ˵
ڣ˵ѾǰȻչпһ
ЩȻŵжţ
ö֪
ϳѹҲڴ
飬ԽԽ˼ˡϳ

պãã棬ﲻκϽֻƬء
˷ڴˣռһƬ򣬱˴˻ַеסڷУеסˮ¥Уھ޴ıš
ȥаٹ֮࣡
ڣھһȻͲͬˣھֻڶбȽϵ׵Ĵڣֻƫһ磬̫Ρ
ھֵ˶סһҷϣҴ֮ǰһֱװڴУƬ淽űȡŵ˺֮ϡ£緫沨װӰ´¡
ϳַơʤվڼװϣɺ紵Ŀңܣ۲Ÿ
Ȼһ˵Ŀ⡣
һصشľڿ簿裬ٶȷ۵糸ƬͨķֻںкУҴȴϷɣ
Ҵ󴬵ϷƮżģ̫֮ͼ̫ĺɫðдɫúд
һһڣһһ
ռǴѧ
Ȼ֮պյѧ
ĴȻܷɣִַңŰеĴ󴬣
ôС֣ǽۡһַбں측󷨡ȻҴҵáۡۡڲкܶķ䣬۸·ȳ޸·Աߵʤ͵Ϊ콡ӣСܽӴೣ˽ӴűȽϹ㲩
ǳȻͷ󣬸·ķʽôڲͬб޸У۾Ͳͬˡַ
СС۶ڳȻ㲻ʲô
Ƶڸ
ѧŸոճ־ܵ˸עڶĿע֮£ҳǧ׵۷ɵƬϿգĻ䡣
·Ѿռˣһѧ½䣬׷˱ᣬԶԶģƬڿճ
˺ϣ˻
ѧոյͰѱżˣ羡԰Ե
治٣֪ѧЩ˻ҹᣬǲ֪
һѧƷ֮ϣܣЦ˵


246 ޺
۵ļװ֮վϰٵŮӰЩ˶ѧѧղ˵İ꣬Ⱥѧ̳֮
ҪѧֳȻո¶ͷǣ츳ʵԣȱһɡ
Χѧ׷׸ͣһâ¶
ѧ˵ûЩ߹ڶ࣬ʵǿܽ棬еĺöǵģǵķݶ
ǼиʣһЩǿ۵ãеãǶԾϡ䱦
˶źãѧǹμΪľĥǣȡԴΣҪɱ¾ЩȥÿǵĶ֡
ѧȫ޺ۣͷаһЦȵܽ棬Ҵɱʹ죬ȡ˶ɱ⡣ֻ֮ѧȻʸųЩСˣûʸһֻ߳䵱ǵĵʯ
õ˵Ӧ
ѧڲĽдַѧ֮˸ֲпᾺûйԣѧɱ¾ЩѧأŷǿΪȨûСѧѧÿһ˵˫ֶմѪ
ڶ˲пᣬˡ
֮ܽУǻĲɱľߡ

ѧ֮ûãʥѧҲ۸ϵ˴˵أѧңңԡ
ѧǳȻ˴˲ಮ٣̾ں֮ϣγ֮ơڸСΪҶġ
ܽ翪Ҫʱ䣬ĵȴ
磬ѧѧڼįɳһ뺣һȺںĺȺϵ˸̾ĺԲɱȺȡֽơ
νĺҲں壬еĳеĳںɴٶȼ졣
ɱ쾭壬ⷽѧûʲôԣǱ϶ĺӰ쵽˱һЩе˵ȥˡ
ھֵĴܵǣ
ۣۣ
ƺ棬˼װϣצĹ˼װϵˣЩ߶ϣ棬ʵǿһ
ŪǵĴȺⲻ𣡡
ϳüεַƵһУЩնɱߵˮΧĺܿ㱻ѪȾˡ
սδ˶
½иĺ˹ʤеĺϼװ幥еĺǱں׽ҪΪѲ
ھֻһҷǱǿɾ鷳ˡ
ºȥ
ϳӧùϢס˺һԾ뺣
ϢҲǱ˳ʱ䲻ȥС͸ҹһΪȻܰ쵽߶Բʲô¡
ϳǱ뺣ף΢ˮ׼ٿźˮĳܿ˾ϣںƶƽء
ܺˮĳжʼԼִλá
׸ԶиĺȺ壬ϣϵСģˡ
Ⱥѧ˻ǻ鷳ԼȥɱȥˣαҪ
ϳԹһг裬նƫеĻĲ
촦ӿѪʬ建١

Զĺס
Щʵ̫ɱһսԶûС
޺촽ø﷢ں״
һŮѧûĵѧʵǿҿǱмʵѧЩ̫ȥԸǱߵļ
˵ţָһȷʵмѧѧҹֿ
ãȥǣ
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ˣ߰ɣ
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ܽ磬һС磬ΣأΪĥµ׼֮أͨߣɸĸֽ
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249 ֮ӡ
ѧһֺպǿ󹦷ֽ񹦣֮ܽתΪЧص֮
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ϳۿڵĶڡ


250 ռѪ
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ߵ·䶸
ɽ氵һ󷨣;˵أ󷨣壬⵽˹

һڣ裬ð۵ĺ⣬һ
ˣðһЩûиӲӲһ·󷨡ûĿ꣬󷨵Ļ𽥼ֱʧ
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ʤἰǡ
ν֣½ɣһƴ½һǵػĴ½½һҲͳǵ֡
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Ժϳһ·̽ռеѪԽԽࡣÿһѪ֮ףҪͻƸָѹأٸָΣա
һѪһɽ֮УɽŨֲָаɱʱп⵽Ϯÿʵ͡
һѪڻɽڵұΧ󷨴߶ɽеҲ䣬ϳٵĸżѵѪ
һѪһ鷽Ĵʯͷ棬ʯͷ󷨼ӹ̣ϳĵ޷ƿ滹Żأܵͻڽз
˵ʱϳеѪǿǿչʮ飬ʵ㲻϶ࡣ

ܽĵ硣
ҸоһѪϢϢŨ̶һٿ飡
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252 
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ܲ˵컨׹ʼһﲻͺʲôûƵġ
ѧ֮ߵԴ似ӦоУľҪˣѧ֮ҪľΪĶΣʦÿһЩԼǰ;Ϊءǰ;һҹʲô
ʵлŮºƽûҪ̫ţǼˣ뿪һ㣬㣬ңкô֮ǰһΣ㷴̫ˣºɱԳǿ϶òʹ졣Գǻһˮ֮飬ǧһ㣬ϴˡ
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253 ǹ
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ԳǾս£ǿƵ˫һף˳ȥƶγһ޴İΧȦϳΧڡ

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һǿܵƣ˹ϳǲסһ˳Գǵš
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ԳͷȱʧޣֻΨһȭӦԣˣͬʱһȭٴδɫ
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ϳֵϸϸŸղһ̣һľѾߵֻ᲻Դĳ̶ȣҲ˵գÿһʹûһվ顣
ÿһζ˳ʹһǾˬˣ˵ڽ򣬾ҫ𼶵Ҳܺߣ
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256 
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ĲűպãϳȡǼӡȭףУú̸̸ܲΪá

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ӡ޺϶ΪһԼ뷨ɲ˭ʹõġ
˵Сܣֻ콡Ļ콡æΪֵܡ
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ԭΪŸԳЧǿɱ˳Գǣ׳֪ӵѶ֮Ȼŭ˵ܲ֣֮ʧȥ˼ֵпܻɱļˡ
ⲻ㣡Ҫɱ˳ԳǣҲᵼ棡ȭ֮еŭ


257 
һ㣬ץס˵ǳ磬㵱һӡҲǳ磬пܺ˵Ļǳ硣йأҲϵ÷˭ĵˡϳѵ
ˣҵļȫˡȭ֮һȻ̾
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ռǼȿжϳǶѪ赺ˣ
Ѫ赺۾ả棬һĵ죬Ҳһǵĵ̱˺ܶ࣬ǱھָʤһҲô˽ܽ硣
Ѫ赺ҪһЩ⣬׬ȡۣżҲһЩ˵Ĺ䵱ʱĺһЩĴֻ
иأǸӷĵˣϱѣӦıӡĴǱԼƤȻһѪ踲棬ٸգѪΪգԭԼһһΪѪ赺
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Ѫһ۾жϳϳǼ֮е̳ϳɳʵкιɣ
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ܽѧˣȻ·
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εĻȫƾ죬֮ǰɱѧ֮ʱ¹ѧɱ⡣
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ѧȻǿ󣬵ҲԴУǰɱˣѧˣϳ֣Ѫ˿ԼϵƹӡǲѧūǴ׵ĸ򣬺ü˱һٶ۸ֵزҲ̫ˡֻҪŽһԿѧǸΪ塣εܽһУս
һĻ·𼱴ٵĹĵ㣬ڵѪ
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Ѫ赺ʮһƲ磬ûһĸԸıѧڽ£ϳһ˵ǵĿ˶Ķˡ
ڶ˵ףɾˡˡֱԣǲˣƴ½ҲûʲôǺʵûġѪԥ
һУĸȥԿϰԸʮ˸ܰ쵽ġʵ֮ǰѾʼѧ˽ˣЩʬ˵һС
ϳ֮ǰʬóһضĴʬͳͳ˵ϡ
ʮһߴѧƷʬѵһѪ죬Ŀģ
Ѫ赺˴һĸ˾Ȼɱôѧ֮ӣ
ѧΪȻѧѡҪΪϸÿһǾϸѡġѧɵܽѧ츳߳սֶβ
ɱЩ֮ӣ̫̫ˡ
⣬ɱЩѧ͵ڸѧԣҪǳܼ
ϳѪ赺ĿеһӰθࡣ
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Ϊ׵Ѫ˵ͷ˵ܲԴУ䱻ɱɱˡ
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Ըһһֻ̫٣Ҫϸˡ
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˵˵˵ϸڰɡ
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뿪֮ǰ˵ɽȣ·ϵ˵֪Щʬʲôõˡ
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ͦûЩʬ壬һжǿ̸ӮøղȺ˵Ρ
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ܽεΣգ㾹ȻһޣѰ·ҪǰһЩѪˣСΣˡٿˣһ߰ɡҿҲƹӡÿԼǵˡϳ
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ڶ󷨹ؼ汸ͷųһ;ڲỢϣش
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УҲУѵǵñȥУַƵ
뻢Ѩɵûӣȥ԰ɡϳðһΣһԾӶȥ


259 
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260 
֪⣬⴨ǺƤЦȻƴ½ͳߣϺ⣬ӦģСȻҪվѧһߣʶʱΪܡ
һʶʱΪܣ˵ǹûʣҿֻ׸߲֮ˡ޺һ
⴨ϵЦݱýӲԵֲЦˣ޺ƫƫҪڿߣ˿档
ԷǳȻ֮ӣ⴨𲻸ҵֻܼЦ
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޺˵֮Ц
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261 
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262 սǰϦ

һ似εѣɲ봴ܴģϳڿ˼־飬ͼԭеĻϿ֦ɢҶٽһ
ʲô似Ҫɱ˵ģӴҲáɱ֮ҪôעؼɣҪôעҪôעٶȡ
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ЩƶϵһǻܽϣͬҲܽϣϵͳͳϵһ𣬻ʲôЧ
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һɹƳγһķ籩ڰתս⣬ɱ⣬һһŨҡ⼸˾Ȼγһɿǧ۳ҽɱ֮У

ֳĶ֮Ѿķ
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˼Թۣȥⳡս
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ѧ֪˵ĴڣӦս׼޺ѾֵȺʱ

ڰС
ӵһţͨ鲼ܽ߼˵һһ
ⳡڴѾõսҪˡ·ʤϳ޺ۣ֮䵽˭ʤһ
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263 ڻ
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֮ǰ޺۸͸©һսƻһвƣʤ㻹ҪԶԶġ
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ϳɱĴʢĹӰȻθߣʵһ㡣ϵУ˵Ķ飬еĵն飬ʮնʹˮһнһУһǿһУ


264 ԨԴ
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ϳʩչУͬһ߳ǧٵӰΪֶ֮

˫ཻһƾеײ
ϳȹǾʹЩϡ
׿Щûʽֵǿв㣬޺۾ֵĵˡ
ʹ죡Ҳ湻ˣʱɱˣ޺ſЦȳƿϳڳֽ֣ӡʩչ׼һЩֶΡ


265 ս
ͼ޺Ƶ任ָӵƣһӡÿӡͣһӦ״⡣
Ȿ˫ֲܽɵӡõ־ˡ
ֽ˫ӡѶȿ֪
ϳûо䣬ǳô˻ǿ߶ڵնһ׵磬һл棬һб˪
ȻͬĹ޺ۻߵֵܣ˺ˡ
任ʮӡ޺۵ڴ󹦸ɡ
Ѫɷ
޺ӡ߾ٿУΧصʬ塣
ۣۣۣ
ΧʬƿзɳһɹɵѪѪ۵УѸһɫ״ɵ޺۵˫ϣƶϣͺһ¶ѪܣΪĹ졣
ѪɷڽʬеѪҺһ壬ʩϣЧһǴǿʵṩԣ
ҪʩչһУΧ㹻ʬ壬ʬԽ࣬ЧԽԡ
ִģĻսʬ壬ʺʩչ
֮ǰ޺ɱڻңһʵһԭΪһ̵棬ǴĺΪ˿Ʒʵ򰵲Ļ
һɹѪɷţɢŨѪζ
ʲôүӣϵôϳзʡ
ʶƲһпñ˵ѪˣҲһЩѪ֮ҪСġѵ
ϳٶ˵רӦս
ת˽Ҳϳ¼е似ϲҲ
ϳ豶޺룬õסŻ̽޺ϵЧ
֪ˣ޺۴ЦУ־һƣʽѪɷ֮һ޴ѪɫӰ
ϳӵŭնѪɫӰһΪȴδܵһγɵĳõɳȥ΢΢Ѫ
Ըܵõ޺ʩչ֮ʵһµ̨ףøѶԸˡ
ӲӲʤһЩֶˣ
ͨ䣬ϳıսֶΣָе˿ߣ˷֯ΪһŴŴȥ޺ۡ
һΪϳ޵׶ùඥؼѧ似֮һǿЧҲ˱
֯ɣмʮ׷Բ޺ֶȥ
С޺мֱӳնõնƬʵ֤Сƿˣһɢ˿ϡ
ϳ֯һ߳һ޺۱ߣ˿޺ۡ
һ˿޺ۣޣٶȷŻЩ
˵ǵС޺۴ŭħһ𣬾ϯ˷е˿ϡ
޺ۻָɣŭĹϳٴĳ޴ѪɫӰ
ϳΣȡСܣöƿһơһ֮϶һ˿ڣֽһ
սһʱѷ¡

ͬʱҲս
ѧһ۵Ĵǿޱȣһ˷ӳ˶˵սһýڽڰˡ
ЩɢѧӢҲΪ£ǲһսðɱ֮УƻȺ
һΨһƾ϶֮࣬⣬ƿԡ
ͷȥһ൱
ı棬ϳǱܹȡʤһ˵ʤӰս֡

ⳡսȲңּңԹ߶ôĿġ
ɽ֮ϡ
ʥѧѧϹۣԶ֣ûۏˮĴ㡣
Ϊ׵İוңսĿϳ޺۵ϣΪ޺ܹȡʤȴû뵽˴˽֡
޺۵ʵҲ٣Ҹ޺۴Ļʤ߳ңϳܸ޺۶̶ֳȣǺˡСܳɳһΪףǵõȻ࣬Ȼ졣ֻϧĶ޺ۣһս׶༪٣ȻĻֵ£ύľһ𣬽ܻܿΪһ뢣½ķƱá
ו㣬ϧ
޺ӮΪ֪й޺۵һܡ
ʵ޺۲ǽ𼶣ҫ𼶣
ڵ޺ۻûзӳʵһҫ𼶵ΪսӦûܿ

ҲԱ߹ս˫Ŀϳ޺ۣȨ˵ļֵ
츳Ϊ似Ǳ
ЩںĵطУ
սɡɱɡһֻһǵеʤ߽Ϊá
Ӵ΢

Ѫڵ䡣
ϳѪ
սˣˣǵ˾鼰طսгշˣҪʱġ
޺ۣ˶ѡ
ܱϳɱֹˮ侲
֮ǰսУνֶξɻδռϷ硣õĵţһ޵ǲǰµ
ܹһͷޣԶ޺۹вһɱ޺۵ϣֻܵͣǴҶԷŶѡ
µʳ¯˵ܲóǸδ֪
µֻܶһˣǣס޺ۣȻûʩչµãҲ޵ĸȫˣܡ
ϳʵʩ
һ˦䣬嵶⣬ֱ޺Ŷȥ
һܿ죬ҲͻȻǱ޺۸

嵶֮󣬵ϵ˿Ч
޺еĵܵӰ죬֣Ϊһͷҫ𼶱ޡ霹Ǿ˹ֲһ¡
ϳ侮ʯ׳ӦӦΪԭΣ޺۹˹ȥʧȥӦڤΪ档
𣡡
Ӧ̾գͷų츳ˮ߾ˣ޺˹ȥ
霹Ǿſ죬۳һҲ޺ۡ
޺ܶͷǿ޼лһʱЩ֧穣òͷҫ𼶱ͷ˳ñԿޡ
ųͷޣһΪİɫξ޻һΪ񡱵Ĵ
һŲס霹ǾסӦĸһﶷþ춯ء
ͬʱһߵϳµ˳
һɼ뷱ٷ豹棬ҪָӵΪһ֮С
ɰڴһ١
ϳ˫Ŀһݣͷ𣬽´ѣҪͬеڤڼ̵ʱڡ
һ
ϳѹե뵶
ڶ
ϳ뵶

Ӱ
֡֡֡
ϳɲǼӰƵڶһĶ̫죬ͷ·ʮЩͬĶΪһ壬һ
ڶڤΪ֮һ䣬ǿޱȣ᲻ɴݣ
䣡
ձɫѣǿĲСܽ綼Ϊ֮һ£
ϳһµóԤϣԼоЩˣһʹǿһУԶԶ˿ʮն
˵һ˭棡
һˣΪ֮һ
ףСõʲôɳ
һĲǿᣬڵɽ壬ѵʥ𼶵וĿ䡣
ǿĵ޺ҪΣˣӵɴ۾Ŀҫ
Ϊȵ˵޺ۣڶԿͷлԼıޣȻܵһΣѹͷŤͷһ㿴ϳеĵصȻе£
ڶĿע֮£ϳˣ


266 
䣡䣡䣡
ϳֱ޺ۣڵ֮ϳص̫ǿ˴γһâͺһء;֮ѣɢʯ黯Ϊ촷ۣɢγɷ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ϳ嵽޺۽ǰ಻һס
޺ɫ䣬æת֮зͬʱܣ˫ۻסǰֱ֮ϵѪɷ֮Ҳ֮תһɫСߡ
Ȼ޺վһ
һ廮ԴݿͻƲѪɷ֮֮Ƥ⣬ȫסԵһ
ɹ𽥰
ٿ޺ۣѾ˴룬ֻʣ壬һͷһأһһۣ˶ѣ嶼ղһɴ
ĴҲ飬Ķɢ俪

޺۲ҽһƵˤڵأ˿ȥܲңܲңνһߡ
ϳʹǰδеһޣһֱͿյѸУеղסˣòյõס˵棬ס塣
ϳڴڵĴŴͷеĵпϲѣһȻ֮ԶԶԤϣ
ɼ뷱ٷ豹棬ڶΪһ壬ʹʷ仯һ̳ӳ޼᲻ݵ޺ôǿľŶסһһð
һ˿ʮնʥ似
СӣѧŵôûѧһõĿÿ䣬ţ̫ţˡвѣ۽翪ʶ͵ĵࡣ
ȵлٸ˵ϳ߸˵Ӧһ䣬ע޺ϡ
ڸ˻̫磬޺˲٣ȴûбһɱһϢд档
նݣ
·ϳӲֱӣѹեʣһ˰޺ۡ
ͷ޺۱˵ץɢڵصһСƿƿһҧ÷飬ѷƬͬһҩһʽ˶һĵ棬ɿһ̣ϳĵնڵϣһۡ
޺۵ɵԶԼԼͷԼͬʱȵ˱ңҵסϳʱ䣡룬͹ˣ
쳹˷
޺۸ոշµĵҩǱѰЧֻҪʱ䣬ܴӹŹǰƻָܻʵ
ѧһ׷ʩԮ֣һȥֹϳ֮һУСʱ乥꣬׷׷ϳס
ʤַƼ״һһļ˫˫ߴ˵չ͹ϳֵѹϳһɱ޺۵Ļᡣ
˫ֶ룬ʱܾܶ顣
ϳ־СܣԶϮĹ£ͺˮۣǰһѡ
Ŷ෽İ޺۵õ˴Ϣ֮æ߷ոշµĵҩҩˡ
ۣۣۣ
һĻˣ޺ð˳ɰǧѪɫӤӰ۵ţֲͷƤ顣
ЩѪɫӤӰ޺Ͻ˿֮ϣžͼ˿ۿɼٶѸ޸µѪ⡣
ѪӤղųԵѪӤѣأһʮаŵĵҩҪþŰپʮŸӤƣǿжȡЩӤΪһССĵҩѪӤѸˣֻҪһڣָܻѪӤ̫ѪỴ̄ƴ½ΪҩϽκƣ˭ѪӤ⵽Χ׷ɱ޺һɥĲ񣬾ȻѪӤУһڳȥ൱ں˾ŰپʮŸӤ
ϳĻɵŭֱͷͨ죬ԭʣ޼ٶȸգھС
ѪӤҲ̫ˣƵˣǷֵҩˣȫ
޺嶼磡
Ҳɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ϳһŭڣƶȻǿӭȻ޺ۡ
𣡡
ߴ׵ڰ·ӳצ˺Ѱա
ҹ
ϳһŭն˸ӲӲâأͨͷΪ롣
һնɱҫ𼶱ޣ
Ӵֿ¶һͨ·ϳͨ·һ޺ۡ
ŹֵϳֻյĴȶ˫ŷ籩籩ϯǧƵķë
𣡡
ӦһӴѹס籩ſƮŰɫ죬һҧסĺ˱𴦣Լˡ
ϳӦ·Ӷ޺ۡ
ʱѾȥ롣
޺ۿѪӤǿҩ֮ԼѪɷ֮ѸµѪ⡣֮ǰ̱ڵأվ
ϳһ
޺ЦܿϳĹڰз£ڵϡ
κƣһŵƣ
û뵽ҾȻᱻƵһʧѪӤ˵ðϵΪӡ⿪ϳұƳ԰ˡ
޺һĸ֮еһӡ÷顣
ӡܹѹΪΪͣڽ۷壬ʵΪֹˡ֮ǰͻƵҫ𼶣Ϊ˲με÷ӡΪѹֻҫµΪܽ⴦ܽ硣
ΪʵžԵţ޺֮ܽ󣬴δҪ⿪ӡȴƵðѷӡˡ
ϳղһʵڿֲһ˵£Ҳϳ
ӡ޺۵״ԲѸתΪһԲ֣ͺҵķ֣תϢ·޾ԴȪԴԴϵ
䣡
ֲһֱϣ
޺һҫ𼶣
ʱǿȻ󳬹֮ǰʵԾһءʵǿš
ܵûУѾͻƵҫ𼶣ΪԶԶ֮ϣղܸҶƽɫھͲͬˣҲҵĶ֣ѾͬһˡڰɣΪ޴ڰɣܽĴ󣡡
޺һ̤Ϊ⣬òһѺ۱ѿ
޺۵ֱ仯ϳһ仰Ҳû˵ֻͷʹһС
ͼϳһΪڣӰÿһӰתͬеĲӰΪһ壬ע֮ϡԵĵٴãء
ϳڶóδµ
䣡䣡䣡
Ӱ뺮Ϊһֱ޺۶ȥڶʩչУ֮ǰ뵶Ȼһ壬˵һľż
ϳŲ޺ǽ𼶻ҫ𼶣޺۱˴ɶɱ
貵ĵ޺ԼҫΪܣֱӳӲ˫ջԲ֮۳һһ޴Բ򣬶ϳ
޺ʹǿһУעҫΪǿ
ǿǿԾ
һɲǵʱ·࣬ͼһǶ˺ɫԲ򣬽Ŷ˰ɫ󶴴޺۵塣
ȻͣסϳֵӰ³֣ȻڷƮƮ
޺۵屻ᴩķѣòٸһѪӤҲܸˡ
޺ͻˣˣɻǰһ֮£ͺˮߵԵͽ޹
ͷأԲ˫ۣһĲ뾪ȡ
ͻƵҫΣϳڽűߵͷ䷢ʣͷ


267 Ļ
ϳһնɱ޺һĻ˿У𺳻𺳡
޺۾Ȼˣˣ
ǿǾӢеľӢ·ڳȻУҲһ̳ܹƥСһСˣȻɱ־ţʵڲ˼顣
޺۽⿪˷ӡʱͻƣһ춯صĴ󱬷ǰˣܵøɾ䡣޴ΪҲδֲϳ֮Ĳ࣬εȿ¡
ԶգƮĿƵĿϳͺ񿴵һϡ䱦
ǿ̫ǿˣղһʥ𼶵޺ҫΪûܵסǱһնɱҪţҾˣѡϳȺܽСǰμĴڣҲͰוǸСѾͷܸһϸ£וŮģһЩ
а㣬˾ѡϳ۶Ƕϳⶼһ˵شѡ
ɽϡ
ʥѧ֮һƬȻ
޺۾Ȼɱˣ⡣
ǸõСӽϳɣղõĵǿ
ʲôϵ𣿡
ϵãһȼ򵥣ָӣ򵥵һֱֱȥûлڵıУӵǽڶڻͨڶʱ۵һ𣬽˾˵
к֪ô쵽ģһ༼ɡ
޺һ涼Ӱ죬ⳡս˭˭ӮͲһˡǸϳ֮ǿսȫܹһʮһ٣
λʥѧ֮۷׷ף˵ʲô˶СЩ֮УҲֻаוһ˵ʵܹѹ޺һͷ˶޺ۣۿ޺۱ɱȻޱȡ
וӢˬվɽۣңϳ˼Ϊ޺Ӯȴû뵽ϳʤߣʵΪ֮ݣ£ϳ˼øǿˡ
ύаһ
ו΢΢ۣһ̧֣ǰһӡ
һȥ
ו˵꣬ͷųһֻɫޣ棬޳·ս
ʥѧ˲֪λѧʲô⣬ȴǷ׷׸ȥ
սϡ
޺۵սֶ˱仯һʿʢѧһĴң˫˳
⣬ѧˣô죿
Ǹϳ̫ˣֱǿñ̬
취ԸЩ󷨵סȺں֮ڣЩɢȥɱ
ƨôȥƾʲôðգ޺۶ϣȥҲ𣿡
ѧʧȥ޺䣬Ҳûܹͳ˧ˣڲ˷硣żսȫϳŽͣٴȥˡ˸ִһʣ˭Ҳ˵˭˵ȺвһЩʵǿģ޺̫࣬޷ڡ
ֲȶ״̬˿ɳ֮˳ƴٽŤתƣռϷ硣
ϳĿ޺۵ı޻ع磬ȷ޺ˣŷôصսƷᵥӦ˵ķ˹ȥ
ղһս̫󣬵һʹµܳܣڶʹµѾʹԼ;ƿݡ󻹵ʧǻָҪһʱ䡣
ɱ޺һ˻ԶԶʣµĵȻǿҵþָУ»ָɵҲһս
ϳյϥأＱתµӦһ·ɵսϷ֮У뼸ͬϵһ
ϳģղɱƯַЦ޵
ǼΣϳʵ
˵ˣⲻ󣬻ܶס
ܶסҶһ£ȡһָʱ䣬ֻҪԻָͳְǡ
У˹ָɣ㻤
Сġ
ϳϥʼȫ˹ָĸһЩͷųСܣǰһĽ磬С츳֮һ
ԴܽϳζСܻܵԽԽࡣ
ıָӡ첻һ㣬һ˾˺ӡ֮ʱ͸ó鳾ˡ
ѧһмע⵽ϳľٶµϳʱһܲпɳ֮
ôǿȴ˹ҪôˣҪôľ
һȫֻҪɱϳ˲Ϊ壡
ɱһҪɱ
ѧһһϵǳһ£ûκεķ磬תϳ֮˹ȥЩɢ´Эƻ
˫ٴչײˣֹ֯ͬı޷īǳС
ַƸʤϳǰϳϳԼѩ޵ķݶϣҲһ
ۣ
ַƱһУǿͣһѪȻ˼صˡˣϳǰĵ¸Ĺ
ϳżַƵ˱ԼıӰһжָֻ˲ɣȴѡվԸԼĵơ
ˣǱԼҳ
ϳӲͷƤ˳ȥһȰĲӰȺд嵽˵˵Ķ֮УһӦһڤ˫·ɡ
ৣৣৣ
˸ӵĽǶȹˣգ֮ɱһˣشˡ
ֻвɵϳƲɵ
ǵʵ޺Σ
һķʣϳһɱһѧ֮նڵ¡޺۶ϳĶ֣οЩˡ
һһѧһɱõսľ
˫ɱѽѷ֮ʱⳡսһͷɫ޴Σյս롣һĻ֮γۼĽ磬˸·֮һüˬӰǰוס
וվϺһס֣ٴˣ˭ڳУǾʥѧ
ŮӵȻҲԵ˶С
սΪ֮һͣוԼʥѧͷ塣
ţϰٵµӰնڰוߣΧסһѩĵӣսѽս˫
󲿷˶ͣˣɻһЩս
֣ͣû𣿡וȥ̧ʩչʥѧġʥһľƿգˣ˴ˣһ˳ȥ
ϳһݣǰӢʮŮʵǿӸղһмɿߡ
˵һ飬˶֣ͣ˭ٶ־Ǹʥѧԣוٴξ棬ɨܡ
Χʥѧѧ׷ͷƣΪһ壬ʢˡ
һ£˶֣ͣµ˾Լߡս˫ʵʥѧһһȻܣʴ˽ս˫ԸʥѧҰܵĽ֣׷ѡʱձ
ǰוҪĽҪΪⳡսĻ
ותͷϳ촽΢ҽוףʥѧѧγҪͣһɸꡣ֣Щ˴кôһɱ̫ѧѧпѧıȻܿġܽпܰӦñʵΪ˸ѧԿ۽ʵڲǡֻҪϴӦ֣ͣҿʥѧʩѹѧһ˱ڶڲٲǵ鷳


268 ύ
ʥѧ̫ͻȻϳЩֲüͷʢ˵İוңңӣŰו׵顣
וĹͣǱģ
ӦΣӦֻΣ
Щÿǡ
ʵϣו˵ĻеɱЩʥѧѧ뿪֮ܽ󣬺ܿ⵽ѧıϳ˵ߡͷѧ׷һ鷳ľ
֣黹лءԵһߡ
⣬ܾו׵ĵͣһʥѧļл˾군ˡ
˼Ǽþհɡֻһѡˡ
ϳ˫̬ȣƽҿԴӦ֣ͣѧһӦòҪԣܽڼ䣬ٹ˵ˣеѪ񡣡
ԣһǽ棬ǴӦЩוһӦ
漴ותͷѧһȺѧ顣
ѧһʥѧ壬ȴӦ֣ͣһЩֵҪ󣬱˵˽еսƷ֮ġЩҪһ޷ܡ
וһ࣬һ¡ѧӦ˵鷳ԣսƷ棬˭˭ģٻȥ
ⳡսϢģԺ᲻˭Ҳܿ϶
ѧһȥʥѧһȴûм뿪
וύϳϳߣʵϵ˵ҩôĻܿڡ
أԼСϳл
սͬϳһ½ǰİוףŮü֮Ӣ˲һŮкܰķɣŮ˵ټ
ɱ޺ۣʵںŵʲô֣וʵ
δϳ
Ը˵ˡ
ұɨ䣬Ļûüȡ֡
ûȡֵĵѵ˵ŵ㲻ǰո´ģו΢΢ɫΪ֮Ŵ
´ģԻûϳ̹Ȼ
ו׵һ𺳲ѡ
ѧһʥ𼶵һʥ𼶵ȣȫ£Խ𼶵ΪѧᲢʩչʥ𼶵ͺܲˣοԴֱ죬̫˼ˡ
Խѧϰ似֤츳ߣǿ
Խ似ֻ˵Ѿóȡ
ϳڰוĿеĵλٴࡣ
µȡʲô֣וʵ
ʱûãԺ˵ʵֻһʽ㲻ĵȡΪ֮硣ϳ
ҫ𼶵似ûʥ𼶵似ⷽϣǿ
ǫˡ
ҵ飬ӦжŰɣ
֪һЩ㲻ʥѧѧĻʴ̳λΪһŮʡ
ϳ˵֪ʵûҪƨ˼
ϲֱֱȥϲĨǣʲôҾֱ˵ˡ㽻ѣ츳ĳɾͲҲе츳һѣҲкôģһݻﻥһҳֽ֣ΪǱϴ鷳ŭѧ츳ٸߣҲûܱס㡣וֱԲ̹ļ
Խ̹ʣԽײ˵Ρ
׿Ĳ̸ϳǺϲ̹ʵ˴򽻵˵ͼ֣΢Ц˵ҵҪллˡ
ǸллҡוһȻϰԵһ޽ǵ㷢˶󣬡뿪֮ܽһƽѧǱߣѧҪˡ޺ۿѧıɱѧ۵ġ
ֵø˵һллˡ
лֻҪҵѼɡԺʲô鷳ȱʲôҰæֻҪܰ쵽һüͷ
㵹Ǵ󷽡
Ҵ󷽣ֵҴ󷽡
ו׻һ̹ʣҪ£ϳǱӡ
ϳ׶Է⣬ǲȨǶһǿѣֻкôûл
˼䣬ו׸뿪һӢ˲İɫӰ
ϳĿǰɫӰȥ֮ʱȻСӣ´ŵȡжô
ôˡϳ˸ۡ
Ǹ綫أ
ˡ
ת˵
ˣͱµˡ
ߣͷŹһΣԺ˺ӣȡһҪҡ
ϳһΪԼδĺĬһ£Ϊ⺢ȡ֣϶ȥ
սⳡ캧ƽϢһನˣΪ߿ΪնսƷϲ񣬻Ϊ㡣
ϳϢתһЩ֮ԽڶվԶҡȵӣѯһ½顣ǼٿϵѪ㹻һ൤ˡ
ӽǰϳֱʵҿѪȡ𣿡
ǿԣҪһ䣬Ҫȵһŷţ㹻ѪңҲǰ㽱ӺЦ
ǻҪʮ֮ã
ؾǹء
㶨µģɶµģ
̽Ļ˰ɡһ򵥵̫̽ˡ˵ܵõĻرֻҪμһ㼴ɡʶϳ⣬·̫һ㣬˻ȥ
ϳû취ٸʵףֻգȡٿѪ񣬽ӡ
Σ൤һҪŪֵģѪʡĽֻټѪˣʮ룬ʱ仹㡣
һ֣ٿѪһŨĺ⣬ƿʧҲ֪ɵ
ϳʱһĽתȥۿϳıӰһײĻɬĿ⣬Ŀд̰
ϳһ·ص֮
֮ǰս˶ޣԼͬѡϢֻϢǲŻֵ
ϳ˹Ϣͬʱȡ˴֮̽ǰõսƷ޺۵Ĳ
޺Сһвٺö
ϳ˷ܣһע뵽У̽Ķһϸ̽飬Ȼûʧ޺۵ĲȳԳǻҪһ
ҡ似ҩȫʮַḻϳ׬һѡ
ϳĶѪ޺ϾȻЯ˶һǧٿѪ
ѪֻҪٶһ㣬ܰѼֵߵĽˣǿһʥ𼶵ͼһ־ٻʥ𼶵ǿޣ
սջķᣬû״򡣴ҺõѪҪƽ֣ЩѪԼõģȻԼСȱŶһܹѪپȥһʲôĽδʺҡ
ϳ̵ĴԼС̡
˷ջ֮⣬ϳ޺۵Ĳзһ⣬޺һаŵ似ҩȫ·
Щ˵һ£ȫϵãʲôãʲôǧ
ԭһʱ䣬˵˻ָĲˣ½ȥ˱Ͼֻʱģܳôڡ
ʱǸוżٴϳʵҿָĲˣûȤҺһ£


269 ɱ
ķĺϳʵ
וû˵ϥϳãŲܽΣأΣյľҪ֪Ļˣ֪ûС

ڰһǧٿϵѪʵһ⣬Ҷܾˡ
ҰĿʵڲС
ӲӲĻʮ˼һҲĶ֣Ѱ·Ϊ˻Ҹͨһͬѧ̽˻߼ΣȷϵڣͳߵĹؼֻҪƻ࣬߶̱λرƻͨĹУҸоӦܹ쵽
е˼˵ȥϳ˫΢ŨȤ
һǣסߣƴ׼ʱԻߵദʵʩƻ³֮󣬻ڵѪһ룬ѪԼ߱ĲкҪСו˵˺
ϳһ˼УͷӦԣ˵ˣʲôʱ
ٵȵȣҪ޺۸Σգϣָܻȫʢ״̬ٳ֡⣬㻹ѧһЩһƤëŪǴλã㹻İա
ו˵ȡһͼֽһᣬϳСͼֽ֮ϻŻߵĴ½ṹԼλãصǿܷ֪ʶһЩǳƤë
ϳĿƵĿеͼֽĿ֮طȻڻߵͷϣһ֮¡
ƻߣüٿѪеѪ͸ˡ
գֵð
ϳûгԶʳһͼֽתͷżַʵҪҪ֣ҪܸɵߣҿԸһһٿѪ񡣻ǿòðƴֻҪԶǣסɡһ൤ѪѾӣõѪ˿ԻȡԼҪĽ
ַЦãһ
ʤԥһ£ȴҡҡͷһ˰ɡ߲ܶԸġ
սȷʵ֣ճ̶ȣڲǰǳսʤľʧΪ֮٣ϳȻǿ
ϳеͼֽԼᣬЩμ
ֹһʱ䣬ڻָ۷״̬Ȭĵȫ˻˱
һϵıͿԳˡ
ϳ򿪰ٱϻȡ˳һһۿ
嵶Ӧеȳ̶ȵˡڤˡСأϱ鲼˺ۣ顣
ϳüͷעУм޵н
˺ءϳ
֪ƴӦ
սҿԲæ
ûҪ㾡þˣҸûȥ
ˡ˵񣬾֮ģҲͷУϾֵܣǸˡ
콡飿
⵹ǰϳסˡ
Ҳԣ飬콡Ȼ᲻ԼֵܻɵĶȥֵ˵ĹҪѣֻ֮ܽ֡
˶٣ϳصˡ
ƬƷһɡù̫࣬Ѿ׼Ȼ
ϳջ̾һӡ̫ˣ൱һ
պļϳתȡǸδЭȭףУʵôôԸһѣٸһʱ俼ǣ
ҡȭЩ£Ұ㣬ԺҴ̽йؼ˵Ϣ
˳ֶΪС£Ȼܰ쵽ҽɳѧеĵزžкη
㵹ǿ
һ֮ˣпܰﵽ㣬һС֮УⱲӶָˡ
ȭ׳Ĭһ£ϵ˵Ҳԡ
̸⣬ԸԽӦæҶӡԽãȻⷴ㡣ҵĶľˣԺԸԸ֮ˡ˵ʵвȱҫ𼶱һ࣬һ١Ҷԣֻǽѩ̿ϳ̸УдӲ
ðɡµٽҲãأĻѡءԸΪԺԽȭ״ϡ
ˡ
ϳϲ
ղ˵ӲʵﻹǺӵȭ׵ġ
ֽһϳ֪ȭ׵ıȭɻţζɣԳ֮Ϊţȭף츳ܣȫһɫĹܣΪİԵ
ţȭ׵ĺôڿʹãϳõȭ׹ȿԴ֣ҲԴ֡
ϳԸţȭ׽ֵԣϣ˼£оǲȭײͬڶƣϳȭȥֵ˵ĹӦܱܾáȭ꣬һԸȻСʹá
¾㱸ǳɣ
ϳ翸ڤȵ
֮ǰĴңԱȷϻߵλãո˷ųźŵ֪ͨһǸǹȥɡוָָԶ
ﲻֶϱ֮ͬڷĶλֻͬҪԼɡ
˸˹ȥһʥѧˣλһϳˣλǸƿһ߲ߡ
·;Уו˵һսҲϣκηսϣκɥǽˣһҪиִ硣
˷׷Ӧǡ
Ȼ廰иϳ˵Ѿͷһ㣬ҿͷʮŨǵеࡣϻʵʮþȵ£ûܶĻλ
һƬʮɽ˴٣һЩ̡ͨ˵Ļλ̳ѭǿԭֻҪʵǿǱСĻҲܼλΪԭ򣬲ðוСŮ˻ʴϳ
δһ֮ѲԿѾͷ£㣬һ˳ˮۡ
ס
һ˽ϣ˺Զһ·;һʥѧѧȺѧξ׷ٻߣו׻㱨˻ڵλã˵ؽǧ֮ң
˷ĸ˹ȥԶԶĿ˻ߵӰ
ʮ׵ĻɽѶУĴɽԱȣԵòǺܴ󣬵˭ҲС֮ǰʥѧѧɱЩɶǾӢ
˼ӽ˻ߵע⡣
Ȼתһ˫ۿðΣյĺ⣬סϳˣŷٳ˹Χʱɳʯڵٶȱղſʮֹ
һݣٸѹ
ԭƻ£ǴͷǣסϳŻ˶Զ㣬¡ו˵Ȼסһѩ׵ĳǹӭ˻ߣҲ֪˺ֶΣڱ۳һԹӲӵİɫ˫
ʥѧһͷ󣬺Ĭһ͡
ϳַƽʤˣԭء
˻˻
ȷѣſ죬֮йâ˸³ϰٵǿᾢˡ
ⳡս˭Ǹδ֪


270 
գ֮䣬쾢ɵ˽ǰһꡣ˸ʩֶΣܣߵֵһʱ䣬쳹أսʹ˴졣
וȶϵ˫һ·ƿշУܼľ֮дɵ˻ߵϷתұʥŻ߹˹ȥ
ʥѹ
һΧӰ鲻ʵ̩ɽ·Ȼѹ䡣һ죬Ӱѹס˻ߵβ߱סͣԭء
וǿٳ趯гǹŻ̳ͨǹ֮۳һӰ䡣
ʥ
ǹлߣųನÿһƿ͡ʥΪʥ𼶹а󣬳˿Ϊ֮⣬׵似ʽһЩ߼Ĺ඼ˣǹ
ʥѧ༸ҲûţŽͣŻչ
ΨϳǸ⣬ûвڤΧߣŻЩʹĹȥҲûãҪô֣־һҪشߵ࣡
˻˻
ڶžӢΧ߲ûܵشãӣĻָ֮Ĺз
һؽǧٸ籩滨
һؽͷ󷨣´𶯣ðһĵش̣˽ŵ±Ƕ
һؽƬҵĹ켣նˣ뼼ɶȵ͡
һǿķʹˣѪɽ
ϳǵסã㶯㣬ȡսپו˫۽ס׶Ļߣȴϳ
ϳûлӦγ֪սپĵ֪ѣġеʱǡ֣һ
ޣһսֻʩչΣʩչ
սڽĺгƬ̣ʥѧ֧ţһ˶ش˵ԶһˣøӼѡ
ϳϵУ˫ĿȻһݣ
ˣ
ҵսһյߵĸ¶⣬ŲıʮֵĿɣӦþ档
ϳʹһ˻ڶӰÿӰתͬҲȻͬɲ֮䣬вӰ϶Ϊһյ
֮Ϲעۻƣ˷৵һ£ϳֵѩĹԴݿ֮ƷرĹֹ켣һ˻ߵĸ񱩵Ļ˲㱣⴦زƬɿ
߱һɳһֱײɽϲͣ
ϳһûʧ۳еʱɵĽȫ޿ޣ
ɹˣ
һõƯ
˾ϲѣĿܵشĻߣͼһҵĳ鴤ƺҪ군ӡ
ͻȻ䶸
ܵشĻһ·ֽ⿪֫ڶΪأǰһأһأһ⵽ƻĲ֡
ǰϣ˿Ϸ죬˻֫ڣ˻˻һٶȹˣղһֻһ֫ڶѡ
˷·ˮͷһ˰ء
֮ǰж
ƻĲȻҪ࣡
ģⶫҲû
¼ˣ
Բ𣬶Բѧղ۴ˡ
һ˵ǵжλõˣͨ죬һǸ⡣µʱû˵ʲôǲԼͬ£սߣתΪء
ו׽üͷĿ˼һ
ϳһʧܿ˹ϵ̫ʱʲô£װѼ򵥵临ˣһóһֱӽͷͷ٣ƻͷܸɵҲܸشһսòǾʱˣϢ򣬾һδ壬ҲҪ
ã˵
ͶȡɲУǾ͸ĥӲݣ
˷׷ӦǣԸ򼸴ΣҲԸ׷
ֿ֧Ƭ̣ϳٶҵᣬһͷ˴׼ȷĿꡣͷѿȴûбһˡ
˻˻
ſ³һϳһľ
ǧһ֮ʣϳͷųСܼԵֵͬʱܡ˹ĺģȴನɨУһеСشѿ
ϳ֪һ죬һ¡
һԸΪ˱ԼֵܶΪƵ꣬Ҫˡ
޺ˣһϳҲۣЩˣһҲܵ¶ԷĹϵ졣
ͷ𣬻߾͸һչƱ֮ǰҪҡϳɱﵲˣӲȥ壬ѡ˳ˡ
볷Ҳ˵߾ߵģ߱Ƶúܽ
һ
ו״һ̬ȫ߶ʥ۳׻ȸĵӰͬʱ˻ߡ
ϳֻӵֻȭţȭ׷ãһŻɫԡ
˺һ˵׿⣬õһߴϢ֮æԶ롣
˳ߣһƣӡһսû˾ң˵ûܻٵߣٶشջģ˭Ҳû̫ʧ
ӵȫ֮ԭϢ
ϳȡСܣУҪ˵Щʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲôá
˵һЩοĻƺûʲô塣
ǶеȿˣƽѾ׻ˣĻӡɢ֮ʱ뿪֮ʱ
ǰһ·ߺãֻ˵ЩˣЩûʲôáϳȻ
ٱ֮ʣԸϼһｲ𣿡
ȻԸ⡣
һֵܵĹ£Ҳ˵һɵϵĹ¡
֮˻ϻӣ渵
һֵܣ츳˽𼶣ڹ룬Ϊ˷ֵԸȻͬԸңܵԸȣһΣΪʢͨСĵһȨĸ֣ɱ֮
ԼһӣֵеĸԼԼУй󣬲ìܶһʹֵеĸ粻Ļʹɱ䣬ʱͲֹǽôˡ
Լ֮ڵǰһҹͺʲô¶ûһܵܺȾ죬̸ЦʵϣԼӲסֵУɡ
ܵܵĲԸĿŸھҩס˸Ѩø˯˹ȥ󣬵ܵܵһλҽΪԼòһЩı䣬˸ӡ˱ֵܣа˾ŷƣԼӸĶȫһˡ
գܴܵ˸翶˸УһϢ֮ʣעΨһҫ𼶶֮УΪ˻ӡҪݼػԼǸϲĸ硣
ͬգΪ˵ܵܣŵܱܵɵıƺޣȴܸκ˵࣬ܵܵĸͰ׷ˡֻܼװԼĵܵܣݻȥ
һֵܵĹ£һɵϵĹ¡
ʵҲ콡ǵұܣ˵𡣡
е˵仰ͽˣһߣȥҲ֪ȥ˺η
ϳ£ܴζĿŹâڰɢ
ϣܷһĵط


271 ͼذ
ˣˣϳĵһƽನȻðһ뷨Լһֵܸжã֮·Ͳįˡ
˺ļ죬ϳÿ״̬ͻȥһģÿһεս·࣬Ҫϳµش
һδʩչµϳõԽԽϵļٶ
֣ҲսӦ˶
ϳһ򷨹һԾ͸Ϊ˹һҲС
ߴνߣӭʤ⡣
䣡
ϳʩչһһڻϣһ֫ں÷鿪ʱֻʣʮ壬ս֮ǰһأ֮ҲΪ塣
һɵ
ו״һչ񹥡
Ƭ֮󣬻߲֫ڽԭأһˡ˳һŻⳡʤʵڵס
߿ܽǿĴڣܽܣԺ
˽ߵ֫һ𿪣Ѫȡ˳еѪһ𣬹һǧ˰ٿ飬֮ǰԤƻҪһЩ
Լϳõ˾Űٿ飬Ȼеһٿָ˳˲ļַơʥѧһõŰٿ飬ԼߵĲк˫ǽԴϲ
ףһ֮˫ֵ
ʥѧĿϳȥһѧпû뵽ȺȻѧȻҪ˰æ
ǵԺаɡϳǲו˵
ûз
ֹǲ˰ו֮⣬ڳûһ˵ظ˵Լϳǿ

УһӰƯţĿڸ·ϳ
Ӱӡ
ٵߣһ֤ʵǱûҪ̽ȥˣʱҵľˡ³֮ҽ˳µ߳С磬ȥչˣͺúÿŰɡһ죬һΪԼɱѩ޵ġ
Ŀ¶׹⣡
ʼʵʩƻһһϳԺС
ϳӣЩҪ˵
ͻأ
ϳԭڸ·;УȻӵΪ֮һݣЩ⡣
Ҫ˵ʲôϳͣ½ŲӦ
ʵⳡûбô򵥣ѪֻǸʽˣĿǽѪḶ́ÿ˵ʵǱôĹ۲죬ȷǧΪһʸõĽӻ˵
Ľָʲô
֮ǰǹĽֻһ֣ʵܽлиøĽߵ֮ϻЩҽָȡĵطһ˹ȥҪ¸κˣȥ֮˵ǡЩ̫Ȼۺ졣ţΪ롣
ƣ
û
ҲøѪܵõЩ
ǵģѪֻǸߣʵûʲôá
Ҳ˵ҵѪ񶼰ˣ
ЩҪҪǼ֤ǵʵÿʵĲͬ轱Ѫֻչĵߣ͸նһ
Ƕˣˡ
ˣǱˣ㣬ԵõϹöĽЩʮѪ񶼻ģѭѭա
ϳȻĶ
ʥͼ൤ԼֱÿһֵǡҪܵõЩջɾ̫ˣҲûбǰͷԣﱣһ侲
򵥸߸˶ȻʵүӣΪӿ𣿡
Ȼţϵɵܶ࣬ҿǱȥΪֱӰѽ
ϳ飬ǳѽңֱӸҲˣαȥȡ
͸ĽܶණһУܽһλǿ֮󱣴ͳͳע뵽ϣǴǲƶģֻԹȥܡ֪ĴǣǴɲأ뺦ĻòĨǣС綼ƿأһͷܵСԸ㣬ҵĶ֡ĻֻмΣҪǴ̫ϧˣʱһܺգȰ˵
ⷬǲ޵ٴһЩϳĹǡ
ڽʵ̫ϳȨ֮󣬻Ǿðһԡ󣬲뻢Ѩɵûӣ
Ҹһˣϳ
áӵ͸ڵϲãָһ
ϳͬ鰵дԼȥüͬ鷵ͷȥʥѧ˻ϣⷢʲô⡣Ļһ룬ûά飬ͬ鲻Ҫš
ð֮ϳŹǰָĵط
ڰвٿС磬ϳһ·ߵ˳˳ˮûκӣ˺Զһ·֮󣬵ִһǺ۵ɽꡣ
ɽĵȻѣ¶һͨµĽݣʮ䣬һۿͷ
ϳʰ׶£ǰδ֪ĵ磬ûͷĵȻ£ڸڣͷһۣܿתͷߡ
֮ǰսʱ鶼ûһǰ;δȥҲ֪Ǹǻ
˼ǰͻȻƮһֳȵӰǹȰӡϳ΢ЦȻǰ·
жԶϳʵ
𼱣ܿ͵ˡͷҲص
ôö͸ңѵͲ𣿡
ۣǱͲҵĶֻǴΪƹܶѣһ罨Ŀľǽиѡ˲ţֻʹҵְ𡣡
ְģǻģбҪЩʱְô
ȻбҪȻ
ϳ̽ɲʲôʼյˮ©
ϳɻǹʹţûеֵס޴ջԽǰ棬˭ܲĶ
˺ܳһ·ڵ˾ͷǰһͨͨһͨͨʯţ֡
֣ҹйޣ
˵ʱһλвĴߴ֣ĹУܿһЩ֮֮ͺַ󣬴Žʷݱ仯档
ʴˣǴǿսڴ˵ɣǵ½ʹõĶͬ֡
֣Ž磬ΪԳƵ׳ˡ
¡
ʯſ¶һĵңԲףյģһš
ȥɡ
ӵ߽С
ϳԥһ£ϣ˫ĿشڣֵطһշӣʵЩΡ
˫ߵҵʱӺȻͣ˿ĹЦͷƤ顣
ߵ̰ȻͨλңǸˡͺñ壬ΪһͷͰԼ˽ȥ
ӺЦתͼذ¶Ŀ
ղŵĻԴŵ⡣
ϳɣʱ⣬һЩɹˡ
һͣȻУ֪ɷңϳʵ
Ϳα֪ôءЦ
˶װףûúͿ
ðɡҲܲһиҲ޷֮ǰһУʵڲ֣ǵǸ֣ѪҲǸ֣Ŀľ͸һΪǴмѡһΪģѡ񡣡
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275 Ƭ
߾ͺһ鲣ƬСһ״һ֮˸ưӰЩӰӹƸӰ
ϳͷų֮Щߣɢһζҵļ䣬뵽С
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277 뿪
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񡣡Цסϳ˫ۣһ˳עϳڣһȦ̽һϳĸǣȷʵǸӣѹǸ㡣仰Ȼǰд
֮ģЦ㲻ϼѧǼʥѧΣѧȻͬʥѧѧֶºͣڲȻǲѧпᣬǸѡ񡣵ʥѧȻúչ㣬Ĳұ֤֮·ߵȵһЩ
⡭ϳĶˡ
ʥѧȷʵǸѡ񣬺οǰλ䲻Ըա
ϳ岻֮ʣוһͷɫ޷˹ʵʲô


279 ѡ
תוλͽЦãȰ˵ϳʥѧæȰȰ
ʦϳȥʵаţǱʥѧΪוƴǵ
ôõӣȴʥѧǸ첲հ
Ǹʦ֪ʥѧʧһ˲ţŶҴаϣܳȫ
ĪԼ쵽ĳȻ
ʲôסʦ
Ѿͷơ
û취ҽҪ̳лλһж룬͸һڿջ񣬼֮ͲͬˣһɣȻ˶ۡ
ؼµԸ𣿡
ժӳԣ³ܿ԰ɡוһЦ
ѽ㣬̫ˣʦǨһΣӡסǷʦһ顣ָָͽСǼ⡣
ǷʦͻˣǷһҲ޷ו׵˱ԡ
ʦ˶Ǵ˸ֻܿ˵Цƺ̸
˵ʦ֮󣬰ותɽϳΪ˴˶üֵŽύģԽ˴˵ĹϵԽο
וûղŵ飬ֱԵƴǵ˼ʥѧ飬ϣ㲻Ҫңģһ㰲ŵһʥѧĳȻһԴչȭš
ϳʧȥ˽ʥѧĻᣬǲû̫ʧʵ㲻ѸͬһȻ
ȷʵ롣
ΪΣ
ʥѧڷչĺܺãȱѣҴͬһ£㵽һЩҵ첻ĳȻ˸൱ڰҵ˹ȥ
㻹ôʵڣʲôĿģȫŵ̨˵ϳ͵
ϲıһͼѸ£ܻѵΣıҲУҲϲı˳ƶΪת֪㣬㻹ԸҺΪԴõôו̹Ȼ
һıʤı㲻ҼʥѧǴҰŵ
ҸѡһˣǮׯǻڣ
ו˵Ȼ֣ż򵥽һ¡ƣϳжţוײ˵Ҳһ˽⡣
ˣŷΪ󣬴˵ͨ˳СάƽΪΣԱ°˷޸һЩƻɽЩƾӮ˵
˵ںˮ¶ɱԼĵˣȻƨˣһжĺˮ˵ˣͻѺˮеĶⶾ޹顣
ٱ˵ִܣѼɽˣѵѿˣ˵˷֣ͻɽ޺ãѵƽָȻԭò
幤ƾٲûлرջ֮⣬ܵõĽӡݴ˵ڣ滨رѸ٣ӵĺô
Ǯׯֻǿż˵ҿµǮׯ鲼½ңеƱܵĶͨáûκγȻǮׯȣʵǮ԰쵽ܶ顣ô꣬ûĸȻܹǮׯĵλ
ֻǧǳȻ
ͬǿޱȣ޳ңڲӵʦ֣ӵҩӵϡֻ֮ܶҪǸйص飬ǶǵһÿһʦſԼڣǾһʥء
ȻһŷһղƸһиƣĳһľ뢰޷
ܼκһԿ
ϳÿһȻܺãЩ岻Ȩ˾
ѡڣϳ
Ҿ֪ѡڵĿԱȽϴΪڵڹϽͳΣҪԻΨǴӣڣкôו׵ͷ
һԭ򣬻һԭҶȽϸȤ
Ϊһʦȷʵǲѡ񣬲֪ʱڣ
ĸҪҪ죬Ȱ£Żῼ뿪ǰڡϳҪ飬Ȼָȡڤ컨һĽᣬĿĲݵĽᡣ
ĸ£ʱ仹ܳԣĸڣһѼڵ׵ȥĵҵĺϢɡו״
ǾͽˣʡȥëԼϳ΢Ц
ϳ֮ѡڣΪԺѧϰĵı죬ⷽṩ
ĺôҲв١
ʦܵﶼ׷ģһ㿴콡֪ˣλͷΪŪһ൤νѾ˼ͷҪˡ
ϳܹƷ൤ô콡跨൤ˣύԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ
ʦı£
ϳוԸͶǸɴֱ֮ͣӾͷֱˣõлһҲû˵
֮ǰĶԻǴ̸˲֪ϳѾΪ̺·
粨ȥһ԰Ȼ뿪ˣһ·ϣص˺档
콡ͷųӦվӦͷ֮ϣԭ·أ̤ǰĹ̡
֮ǰ˶ӣټϱƵܶ鶼ûü̸
Ӧɵ·ԶǷ֮أ콡ϸϳܽľһһ˵˺ܾá
콡ɫ粻ͬĲ֣ӦҲͬʱüͷʱ¶΢Ц
Ҳûйط൤䣬ɵôɻתͷϳʵ֮ǰ˵൤Ѿô
Ȼˣ㿴ʲôϳڴһѣһģ֣жһԲĵҩ
ҩ缦ְ͸״һ꣬봦һʵࡣ
õķ൤
Ʒҩ൤
Ƿ൤콡ֵöҪˣһѽӹ˷൤ŵƤӵϸۿ̫ˣڵõ˷൤ιûȥ֮ͣϳĹ󣡡
һοͷ㿪ġϳЦ
ģȻģ˷൤ͻƵʥ𼶾ˡ̤ʥ𼶣ǲһ֮У۶ңھ֣ȫкô콡üЦ
ϲͷ
ϳ˵˵൤εõģ֮ǰ˵ûиκνô
൤ȻӸģǴ޺ϵõģܹôһ
ԭսƷʵ㱾Խҩ˽֪ȴ׸ңʵڿҵллһ콡Ͽҵ
ͷؿϳ֮ô󷽣ҪΪеջ̫ˣǷ൤ջ͸콡һҲ޷οǰܴͣеõر
ȻԱߵļַƲ廰ͷܷ񽫷൤ҿһۣ֮ǰϳδóҩǻûʶء
㿪ۣСĵ㣬ɱˡ콡ַƳ˲൤˹ȥ
ַСĽӹҩۣ̫գ˻ȥ
˭ҲûѼַƹۿ൤ϸڵ£ܿ˱ġ
ϳ콡˵˶飬Ҳ˵ԼԺ۵ڵ顣
ڵһ£콡̾һԤϵˣڵڶ£ʾ˫ֻӭ
ߴߣ޿ɺǡ
ϳ۲Ǳھ֣𵽸İҪڻڻ÷ˮھȻմ⡣֮ھһλʦȴһϣ
һ·ҹ̣֮ӦڷɻصϿա
˵ˡ


280 
һ֮ÿʱվã֣ǳ䶨·ǳˮ֯ĳǣ˵Ķ
Ӧһ·ɻھ֣꣬˿Ĺ㳡֮ϡ
һȺ˹ӭѾãӦΪ׵һͷɫͷ׳ˣüĿ콡߰˷ֵơ
ףˡ׳ϲ
ף뿪ھֶʲô£콡һӦ׳ʵ
ǸӹϵΪףھֵĶŵĻ콡ͷ֮λ
׷ģھһ糣ûʲô£еĶһЩëƤС£ҶѾ׵ˡ׵
ãҾͷˡ콡΢Ц
ףϲɫĪǶѾˣ
һѾǱ߱˵
Ӷ˸Ϊǰ˸ں档
ٻԼϷѩŮҲȺ֮Уֱ˵ϳߡνСʤ»飬ؾ۶ܿģٻ۽ǷᣬϷѩֱӽסϳŲܱ˵Ŀ⡣
Һ㣬ÿ춼㡣ϷѩСϳؿϣĿૡ
ԲⴳλǵģʱӦòˡϳϷѩ˳⻬ĺɫ㷢ָ˿
˵ģƭˡ
˵ôƵġ
㱾͸ðҵӺ尡
ϳЦеСԽԽˡ
һûʲôΣգٻվһԣʵ
ûʲôΣգСһϳԸԼİµģ赭д
Ǿͺáٻ˿
ϳתͷվڲԶˣӦ£ûüЩ˵εЦˡ
ЦֻĽЦ
ǿ˲١ϳۣжϡ
һǺ֪һ֮Щϳϳο
һ·˵ЦһУһ׼õĽӷ硣ϯ֮ϣｻЦʡ콡ûйõ൤飬ֻǶ˵һ˺ܳɹҼʹ棬׷ͷףء
ϯ䣬ϳߣЦϳ˵ιСС;ͳΪھֵʵڽ˹Ŀ࿴ھԺķչö࿿æҾһ
ңңӦҾһǡϳæһٱóʧ
Զ˼䣬ﻰ⣬ó׼ΪϳѯϳĻ£͸¶˼Ҫ׵˼
ϳԴ𣬰˹ȥ
үʨͷһһ׳ǼҵŮҲÿĶȥϳʵ᲻Ȥ
οֻĸϻԱ߻񣬲ϳġ
йػµĻ⣬ŮѶϷѩϳһѣٻݺݲϳһţ˸л
Сϱҷ첻ɣ
ϳз۳һֻС֣ӵ£ﵽŮߣ޼ɵûϼ£ͰŮ࣬˿ȴֲţֻĬĬš
֮ϳŰС˻Ϸѩҵ㷿͵ȡ
ϷѩøˣΡ
һӷСɢϯ
ϳȻ͵͵Ϸѩķ䣬һ귿£ϳСһϷѩΪ˴㡣
ջ񣬹ⴧڶɲУջʹתΪʵ
ٹڤ컨Ҫˣһ⣬ʱһҪʵ콡·൤֮󣬺пͻƵʥ𼶣Ұܴ󣬿æȡڤ컨ϣһ˳
ϳ˺ܾãų˯ȥ

ھ֣޵׶
ʱɵĳѽɢ±һЩǸɳԱ֮ء
콡˵أһ·¡
൤ҩҪʱ䣬ʱҪչأκ˲ܴҲҶš콡ɷнµ
׷ģһԻΪأھֵĸͳͳסκ̤벽ĵ
һһЩҪϳַ˴󹦣ҪͣҪʲô㾡㣬ϳ
ǡ
ʤ콡Ŀתӡ
үүʤӦһ
ϳǰ;ͬˣԸ׽ס˽ģѿɲǳԼٷȼξƾܽµģҪԳϴˡ
ˡ
кܶطϳʵҲҪԱ˹ڳԽԼֻҪŬԽԼˡˣ죬츳ߵˣҪǱȥûκôֻ֮ıխ
үү̻塣
ү˵֮䣬Ȼ޵׶
콡һңŻرգһ²˴ˣ콡Ҹطϥʼģ״̬
ֻ״̬ʱŻ·൤
ҫ֣Ϣ
ʥ𼶿Ʒ࣬ļԡ
˷࣬ߵʵݺǲڻ£ֻһ֮ң
࣡һҪƷ࣡
콡ļޱȡ

ա
ϳģȫͶ뵽С
ڷǰлƣ˴ȻңȡССļ̳˶档
̳ӭǣΪԲʮ״Сȵ˵ϣеĴͷȻð貹â
еæˡ
ϳӹͷ̤֮УವһӴ͵֮ܽڡ
磬ס
Ұһ޼ʡ
ϳкܶҪҪޡ
Ӧڤޣɡϳһıİٱϻм⣬Ϊ̬ıޡ
ӦգӴաڤνý֮ͨɫ˫Ŀӿ档Բģײ࣬ʵǿ
ȫһɫҫ𼶱ޣ֮ǰõϳĲϳ˸ΪۺļҵףԶЩ޽иһǿˡ
ͼϳһ֣ж龧Ө͸񣬽ֱͷޡ
ͻƳɳõĲϴͻƱ񣬵֮ϣһָ߼ĲϣΪͻʥ
ͻƱͻƣкܴʧܸʣܶࡣ
ͻʥͲͬˣͻưٷְٳɹõʧܣһֻһ飡
һͻʥļֵ൱һٿͻƱ񣬼Ϊ󣬾ܽĲر⣬ҲֻǴ˶ʮѣÿһ鶼Ҫʹá
ͻʥͷͻƣ䣡
𣡡Ӧ籩ꡣ
ڤԡİƱø
޶һЩ仯
ӦڤҪ潻棬ʵԽǿԽãǿɣûҪ˷̫Ĳϡ
ϳһ£ջޣŸӦԼڤιʳ˸ͻʥʹ䲻ͻƣʵһء
һ˿òôԴҫ𼶱ޣϳЩԴȥͷ޵ʵҵ˽ӽʥ𼶵ˮ׼
ҫ𼶱޵սԼΪٵ㣬ܴﵽİٵ㣬ϳӦԼڤѾٵҵĿֲս
Ǯû׻ͷ޵ܴһ͸ʹüʯˡ
ϳϲ⣬Ӵȡƴʯͷ


281 ·ת
ʯͷΣżӡ̺һ޼䣬ǹڼܵġ
̺ļעһͷڣѧӦļܣ˵ˣǶڱ޵Ĺඥؼ
ȻҲʲô޶ѧȼ޵ʵϣͭ޲ѧҫ𼶱޵ļܣԱϣˮԵľֻѧϰˮԼܣѧ˻Եļܡ
ЩܵԴĸ󷨣ӱ޵ļгȡģȻ浽ʯͷ֮Сֶʮֵĸֻ߳ʦܰ쵽
޶һܣʵҲǿһ֣ѧǿļܣҲ͸ˡ
ϳ鼼ʯмصļֱܷǡˮ¶족ԼӰ衱֡
ˮ¶ˮԼܣͷų֮ữΪһˮŲס˺Ч
ӰƶܣֻŵصͱѧʹúٶȻƮ趯Ӱӡ
鼼ʯϳܽĲرеõģһʺӦѧϰһʺڤѧϰ
ͷ
ϳռʯ
Ӧͷ˶ԴϳʮֹϳʯӦͷϣ˫ܷӦֻ˸Ӧѧϰ
ˡ
һԼʯĵķӡ
ѧ
ܺãļյɡϳ΢Ц
Ӧʼռʯ֮еļ䣬һƼɫ̣ʯͷƮ˳ӦĴԴ
Ƭ֮ɡ
Ӧƾնһżܣʩչ˳

һʮ˺ϱֵ֮ˮӿסһɽ壬񱩵ʩųɽ強ѹĴѱ
ˮסҫ𼶱޲⡣
ϳ⣬Žڶ鼼ʯע뵽ڤڡ
ڤҲ¼ܣڿҰѸٱܣο磬ƶش󣬽׽ϰӰ裬ս١
ǿޣ͸ǿϳʵˡ
ϳ򿪴зһɫĲ˿·ϡ·Ϊƽ£ǹ룬ˮ֣Ƿ
ҵı޶ǹģȱ౦ܺá
ϳϵƽ£о
·ķ𼶴۶£ֻҫܹˡ
ϳȡ˼ڴӣװŵĶؼ似ȵһӦȫһЩ֮鶼С
أûⷽæҵ֮󣬱ǿʮֹʺѧϰйı죬˲ܷӳΪ˶ΪԼѧ
ϳ⣬麣з
ЩеԲر⣬еսƷĿڶࡣϸķһϳҵһʵĹ
ŵҫ𼶹ľ
ŹԷţר֮һɫ
ľƴܹһЩ񼲲ܽ˱֮⣬ŹаĵĹЧܹ߸Ч
ǷؼһжնΪĿĲ˺ڱơ
ϳָȥնֻŹ壬ʹջָ
ˣѧ㣡
ϳľһҳҳĶݴ崺磬ƽ͡
֮ǰԿʱϳùŵ̨ķⱾľһȣǰֻһССֶΣЧһߺ̺֮Ҳ֮Ȼͬ
̨ķؼʱܾȼǲ
ϳͷУ˼Сʱʱ䣬һؼ͸ˣ֪֮ѣܶؼż򵥣Ͳͬˣһ֮
ʽ֮ǰȳһҩ˵
ϳӴȡһƷҩ̫ϵһڶȥ
̫ϵЧõľ¥ãҩЧǿѸͣڶڼЧҩһջ˺ܶ࣬㹻úܾúܾˡ
̫ϵҩܿ췢ãͷųҩһ󷨣ϳƨɵתŴ
ҩа󷨣
ߵֶζл֮ͨȵȣ෽涼ԻһЩ߼ҩ֮п̺󷨣һЩ߼ҲҪҩ
ϳµ𵽹֮ͨЧ֮һ͹ߣͷϣ
еҩ֮ٶȱȻߡ
ϳʼʩչѧէľȥ߶Ǵ߶֮ף˫任ӡ
㣡
ֽ˵ӡ

ֽηӡ

ֽԸӡ
ޣ
ֽήħӡ
ۣ
ֽӡ
࣡
ֽӡ
ϳüĴһ׺⣬ðĽɫԣ·һ޺
Сʱ֮ãϳջ񣬱ĵðһСС磬磬֮ʱĹҲʹԲˡǵȹﶫָ¡

һ֮࣬ϳ뿪סժлƣλ֪ģǡ
ദȻ֣ܰϳƣˡ
ǱŮϳָĲˣȥ
·ϣӭʨӣϳЦ˵й䣬㣬һʽ͵顣֮ǰ´󹦣ȻҪ͡
ϳͣ½ŲкӦｱ;˰ɡʵһҪͷæҰ£õĽͣȸһɽɽҪǿǧ򱶡
ʲô֣ǵҸ׳
ἴڤ컨
ĿһݣҪǶ仨
ϳͷ
ΪΣ
Ϊ˸ĸβ
ǵڤ컨κã
֪ΨһϣˣҲϴκĸ׵ĸˣһҲʶֻȥῴüŵڤ컨ֻʵڡ
ǺðɡۺӲĺӣȷʵףڤ컨סˣҪҪβҪⶾ˶־ڱصáҸͻƳɹ仨ϣʹˡ
Ҳôġϳ
ãӹΰķݶϣȸ׳֮һ飬˼ҳڤ컨
̫ˡ
ϳһϲ仨ʲôǿЩһĽͣҪҲá
䣬ϳصԼס֮ܽУͷ
һǵ
¡¡
׹һϳݺ䡣
ϳ𣬾ٵӭһͷ׵̤գڿв̤ž
һභʩչüΪ࣬Բˡ
ط󣬻Ҳٿأʵʹ죬ھֵ䳡Ҫǿ
ϳЦһӵԿףſ⣬ãԼĹһܿһаʽˡ
һеĻʵڳƲϵ
굶֮ϳѾƣӣſʼľȥ౳ǿ硣
Ѿʮ׸ߣ˼۵֦辡

ʱһȥ
̫ÿ쳿ĺ䣬仯ܿܿȴڱͣ
ھֵһЩ콡ܹճأ˳ͻƵʥ𼶣һھֶ֮𣬳ڵ嶼ÿվ
֮ǰ콡ŻҳأȻѾȥʮ죬ԶԶԼʱ䡣
ǵڴΪ˵ǡ
һ죬ڰͲסˣȥһ¸׵״뵽޵׶ڣ濪ҵĴţ̤˽ȥ
ףҹ㣬ˣʵ
û˻Ӧ澲ĵġ
һüĪһֲԤУһߺţһ߼ӿŲ
һһڵϵʬӳߺȻ콡



282 Ѷ
Ŀ׵ʬ壬׵Դ˵һӣ׻Щˤڵءû뵽֮ǰ͸׽ΪһټʱѾΪһʬ塣
ܣܣҸ׿콡Ǹս콡߻ħҲܵˣ֮ǣ
ײԸǰһУ۾֮ǰĲҾ˿δ䡣
һ߱ʬ壬һϢûˣġ

׻Ƶߵ׵ʬԱߣȥƸ׵ʬ壬ȴûеõκλӦ
ôҵôģʲô
ѹסıˣʼ鸸׵ʬ壬Ѱ࣬ܿ㿴˶ߡ
콡ʬѪ͹зźɫһЩѪдȳζĸӦˣ˿Ǳ˴ˣڶⱬġ
ʬʤѾ򣬴ּһҫ߶޷ֿľ綾Ȼ󶾷
ʲôҩȻҸֶָܶɱҸײԼжһѶƳٻѶѹסױҸû֤֪˶ҩԴͷģĪ൤
һ˼ãóһĽۡһɨʬ֮з˷൤Ĳкȡ˳ϸ۲졣൤һ룬׾Ͷˣڼ䲻ȥñĵҩʳһڷ൤ϣ
൤ϳϵģѵҵ
˴ŭ޵ҧгݡ
Ȼھ¶ۣһҧϳΪֻɶѡĻ˭ϳ϶ϾҩǴϵõģϴĸϵ
콡ھֵͷĶָͻƵʥ𼶣ھԻͣȴû뵽ͻȻУһϣ֮ɢھֽ϶ܵӰ죬Ԫˡ
޳·ת
콡Ȼ󲨣һվڷ˼ϵ˾ϳ
׾ݣǲ˭ף㾡ھеҲҪʬΣ
װʬԭأƻֳȻŲѪ˿˫߳ң˴ţʱ㹫ϢԿƵĶȰھֵĴȨסھֵľ棬Ȼһж
ִ䲻ĳȣմֵȫ콡̸ӵġ
Ȼ콡Ѿˡ

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ڱ㣬ϳҧݺݵڱң
Ҹ׵ˮʯһЩֶҲ֮٣ϣ⡣Ϊ룬㻹ǽѻɡ׻ﻰ͸вϳͷ
νġΪ롱ʵָΪ룬˼ϳϣʾͻԿͷ
Ϊ˵࣬Ѿ˲ֶεĵزΪˣһͷʦڡ
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ϳתŻţȭ׵֣еĹܣ׼һȭ÷ɳԶֱײǽڡ
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ױΪʮҫ𼶸԰ϳѹģϳҲʲô˻ڲŷԼˣӦöټһЩֲŶԣҲҪʮֲܱ֤ѪеƷϳ
Ŀϳа̾һǴ·ˣһ಻Ȼɳ̶ֳȣҶδĶˡٸһЩʱ䣬ȥͷ⡣ΪһͰƵֵزֵףΰˣǵ̫ƫûԴΪأһǰ;ŷ򣬶ھʧ̫󡣡
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ԥ˼£ûг֣̾˰ɡôǾʶҾͱˣҵܰ˭ǣֻ׵ǶԵģϳϽѻҲпԭ˶û
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Ϊ黯ĵϸжϳϳʹһжô졣


285 ʯƾ
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ٿŸ֣Ȼ˫˫ܴǸץ˵ĸֵ屻÷飬һСӣҲòĶȥ
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һݣˣҲûˡ
ɱ˵һϳѾھֳ׾ѣվ˶ϣìҲ޷ֻͣܲݡ

ϳŵ֣޵ʤеˮĵһˮ̸ۣͬÿһĵ涼
ͻȻڤ֮ϵϵˣ֤ڤѾ˻ٵս档ƾһͷҫ𼶱޸ܵסôĸ֣ҲԤ֮ڡ
ҿڤ֮ǰһǿʵӽʥ𼶱ޣ򲻿ôáƾһڶһʱƬ̣ѾǺˡ
ϳʧһұۣһʹеĵΪ֮ǿ·һӡ
ৣৣৣ
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ӦΪһͷ۷и߶Լٶȣͨ޷ġһ˸߿գˡ
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Щ˶ûܵסϳȥ·Ϊ
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292 Զ
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293 һ
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296 Եһ
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ήҵϢڽڱǣϳ˶þ࣬Ե
ϲҩʲôλ٤ĸȴһ˳˫˫ԵǰƷҩعⵤ


297 ʤ뿪
ƷҩֵǣҩЧǷҵ߼ҩһľƷҩֻгȻСȻ޾ԣڰžƷҩҲпܵģֻǷëǣ֮١
԰ƷҩЧսŤתǬЧһս֡
عⵤӵлָЧⷽʶڰƷҩ޳ߡ»عⵤڵڶʱѸٻָﵽ۷״̬
ϳʵεǿָ۷״̬Ĵȡʤ죡
عⵤָֻܻ鷳ˣ٤ĸ֮һԾ档
ʵ˵ҲܸоϳϢѸٻָµʵ˵ͷƤЩ顣
ѹ
ܲôˣһϣϧһдۻ׽̫ѣɱҲ޷ϣ
֮ǰĴĿ궼ǻ׽أԽԽ֣أֻܷ׽
߶ԣ׽Ҫɱ˸ѡ
ɱ˵Ļ߾ȫˣʲôʽʲô
ڳǻսҫ𼶸֣ȫһϳƱ֮ǰ࣬
ϳոշõĻعⵤǴܽеģǳϽһֱ᲻ã첻òһ
ҩѸٷָ࣬ʩչһιһʣһ۵ѡ
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Ҳʯ˳ԵǱϵĻ۶ƵˣմȾѪ
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ϳҲһЩˣ˲ϵѪݺݵû򣡲ҪץһҪɱңܷ
ۻսҹգ۲ӣ
ս֮һռƣ࣬ΪߣƴϳһƣһȲʤȯ֮УսĽУЩƱϳһһķ顣
һѾ̸ʲôˣٴȥʤϣжľ
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ˣ̸Ͱɡԥɫòһε
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ҿԷãҲҪӦŻ鹫ߣҲָֻҪӦһڷɡһȷԼȻͿԴ뿪ˡ
ȻҪ̸оҪչֳ⣬óһʵеĽ׷ʽףǲòס
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ԣĸ׵İΣҪģֻҪĸ׾ȳ鹫ҲûϵҲǸ׸
˲֪ϳܽ磬Ϊ鹫˱ĵطⲻ֪鹫ϳġ
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ùߵĳ˯ʱڳ˯ϵϢʮֵ΢һμ棬Ҫࡣ
ϳԿ϶ǰȷȷʵʵԼðƻĸžۣϳ鼫Ϊĸӣֲκεı¶ֻܿ侲ȫɢܣΧһһĸ׽ӹ§סı§ĸ׾ͺ§һ޻ʵ̫ˡ
֮ڣһ鹫ѾûˣǸ׸ûҪ׸ǴԷġ˳Ĵһ仰ӽϳΪСû֮أұƵĴߣһ죬һҲζΪֻһˣܺ۸ʹشˡҵ츳ҵʵһɽ£ǸɽĴǿö࣬ԶԶ֮ϣ
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Ҳ˵볬Ȼһͨ죬ֻǵһͼĵӣǴӵģ㷭ʲô˻¾ϳĳȻеõӣصǾͿˡ
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⣬ϳһζĳĬûشԼȥ롣һףӦ˳ȥ
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ӦԽԽԶ
ԽԽ

ھĳ
鹫Ŵһҫ𼶸־ȥϳⲻֿôϳץΪʡ
ϳҹǱϼ壬˳ˣͰ򲻹ϳѵͲвϳ𣡡
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ܲ
ȻȻϷһ˼֮ðһͷ


298 ͷ
ϳȻ˸ĸϼ廹ܵ˺ܲ
ô󷨣һڷųϢ˵쿪ʼھÿɱʮϼˣֱϳΪֹ
֮һŲͷ˼Щϼ޹ģɱ޹»ŭھֵ
˭˵ɱ޹ˣ˵ϼ˶ϳͬһͨ˶ɱҵʦˣΪ쾭塣
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ûпǣԹ˵ȥµͷھֶҹܣĪ뿹ɣ
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סҪĲɱˣǱϳһҪ´ȥϳھֵĸ־ִܾˣǻפϼ壬ҫ𼶸־жʮϡھ־񾡳ֻҪϳһᱻץס
ϳûҪʲôı׼ɱ˭ܲɱɡ
⵹Ǹ⡣
룬⣬Ըʱ֮˳ǩ˭ǩɱ˭һɱʮˣϳ֣ڶɱʮˣɱʮˣһϵӣֱϳΪֹ
ϳһֱأ֮дڲ
ǾͰϼ壬׵׵Ĩȥǵҵᡣ

߽硣
ϳ;ͽĸ˰ȫܽ磬ȻĻòԼ·ķʽͽߵʮɽ
֮ǰӦ·Ϊʱ䣬ִб䣬ûҪĿŵˡʮɽԶͽҲͰ·̣ϳ֦
ϳȻǿ󣬵ڻ㲻޵Укܶ˵ʵ֮ϣЩڵĶǾΣˡ
Ļʵۣ٤Ļ᳤ڵЩ˵ʵҪϳģò
ϳΪһЩҫ𼶸֣˼ʤ̣ͱĿһУʶ콡ֵ龰֪ڶĸжǿ֮£һء
·ɽ·ĩʱԵʮֻ㣬ݲ
ϳ·εӰֻ·ͬʱһע뵽ܽ統У̸

ϳγһŹ㣬ƮƮڰա
ʪëڲð޵ᡣϷѩԼٻңδĹǰԵЩнҲ֮顣
治װһžˡ¸п
ǳԿˣģⳡ粨ܿͻ᰾ȥȷ粨ƽϢҾȥɽڤ컨仨βܸŬһҪǹϰӣҲõ£ҲóԿࡣдϳ
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ϳ˵õļƻǸǵѡҲΨһѡ֮ǰӪȸĸ֮⣬һҪĿľǴԽʮɽǰ
Ȼµ˶ԣǴ˵еĴڣ޷ӴûӴǿȻ͸һңɼǶϳԣȻңԶֿɼ
ϳһĿʮȷֻҪ볬Ȼһⶼˡ

ջϳ·ӿ˼ٶȣ·һͷԱɽ·Ϸ۵糸
Ӻҹߵ죬̫մأҲǰĵ·
ߵ;ϳȻһЩ紵ݶٶȣĿԶԶģͼǰĲ·ܳһ֧ӣŸ߸ߵ죬Բڷͼƽ֣ƽھֵĳӡ
ϳĿ΢
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ݵò޴仯ÿα仯ǲȷģϳĻòһβͬ
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֮кܿ˻Ӧûҵƽھֵʦ֪Сֵкָ̣
̸ָϣֻǹ·ЩģҪʱҼ֪ƽھǷԸڣ귽˵Ǿܿڡ

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ӵֹһӣžͼһٻӰһ˳
ǸŮӣĸ˫޳Բ£ʮֵĻòӢˬһ˫üбޣ˫ī۰ѩ˪ڰ׷
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ҽгͣ£͵ͣԡϳղõ˵˳޷죬Ҳ
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ٺһУ·ƶУ·һӡǡ
ϳλں󷽣֮⣬мڿ͸࣬Ǹռƽھֲõˡ
Զʧϳѳ;ƣ˸Ƿ˳ϱĿó̸
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299 
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϶ҲǱļϸҲǱԩġ
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˵ڸʱⲻһսۿ
ôǿʵͺˡ
ѰҪΪһ֣츳ԣԵʦɫȱһɡ
ϳΣĴ֣޵ᱻץסҶɱ콡к³
⼸λһһŽں䶯ȫĴ¡
֪еĽǰڱĿʵϳݣҲδػš
Щ˵Ļϳпνǰζӡ
ķԷǲĺԶ˸֪ϳĿԣʵ콡ˣµ֡ǱƵ·ҲھΪС
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һȺܵ߾𼶵Ŀ´ڣ
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Щ˶ԣǲսʤģ군ˣǶϳԣвѹû·ϣȨû

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뵱ϳٰΪģ壬һܣƨ˼£ռ˱ˡ
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ףʵ̫
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һδα뱩ߵıԵŤͷɱȥھƴһһˣ
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ʱֻẦ˺ȲˣԼȥֻаԭƻ£볬Ȼھڽ¡
ỨѼʱ䣬һЩϼ⼸Ҳް취
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ϧвûãͷھֻǰˡ
⡣
Ƽˣߵ˱ĵطǵðϢȥھϣϢܴϳУھֵĿ꣬ˣЩϼҲûˡ
Ƽ֮ǰǰ˺ɫȴףھֿǹ磬С˵ɱɱ涼µȥ֣ѹھܷչΪĴ֮һɲһġ
ŵļ˭ܿʦ¶֮ɫԸûȤƼ˱ű޷ˣ׷ϳ䡣
Ƽ൱ˣصϣǰ
Ӿ߹ԽԽ;֮ԽԽӰѰ߹ر˾٣ټһ֮ǰܵвϰնȥˣ˿ڽһ١
һ̵Ĵ䣬ﵽǿŵķӡ
ǰĵ·ϺȻһӰס˳ӵȥ·˶һǸµС


300 ε
С￴ģҲͰ˾˫ڣ׵ĺڿֳŹЦ⡣ϸĻԷ֣һЩѪ⡣
Զ׼һͨС
Ƽһ֣ȫͣʵǺˣ
ǳˡС￩ЦȻһģĺɫӰӣ˳ӡ
һ޵ɢԭǸ壡
˵ٽʮɽԽ߹أǱ뵽·֡
Сģ
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ɫӰһ׾ٵĶ㿪ʮվ֮ϵƼСС֣Ƽݺץ˹ȥ
ƼʧɫæˣͬʱӽŻʩչһŷ似
ˡ
һʯǽӰƼǰ̺
СһץʯǽӰϣʹ鿪ֹź˵Ƽӿȥ
Ƽʱܴ˷أǼ両һ˿ʺ졣
ͬʱһЩӦʦ׷׳УԾС似Ҳб޵ļܡ
һȺں֮ڣǵĹҶԾ͸һСЦһһͷųһɺɫӰ·Ӱ֮ϣȴԴӰ
СٶȡǷȫʮֵľˣڽ֮ϡ
ѵǸ𣿡
Ƽ˴һͷƤЩ顣
̫ˣѳӵȫȥҲδӮܵĻҲʵٶ̫죬ᱻ׷ϡ
ǳ
ܿͳˡ
СӰһһʦͷСһץʦͷϣҲ֪˺ֹʹʦѸ۳һɫС
Сſ죬С򶪽ڳ˸ɾһŻ
óԡС죬Եδ
⣬˭Ҳϣɵڶӡ
СһɨĿƼаЦȳ㣬ʵǿˣʣµȫΪǣԣҪһ
ಣ
СﻯĺƽƼ
ƼŵûʧɫæͷųһͷԼֵˣͷ޸סãܿһоͱˡ
ǧһ֮ʣжȻ䣬Ҳ֪˭֮ƾ۳һ󵶣˵ʮףְ͸״Σյлĵơ
Σգ
֮ǰһɵСȻΣ֮УĿ˰յĴ󵶡Χʮȴɵ
۳һˣȻǸǿߣ˳ҫ𼶵ĸ֡
С죬¶Ϊı飬ݺݵԭиڳȻ˾͹ɣ
գȴ۵ˡ
Χرɫε֮ԴԴϵע뵽֮Уʹ䲻׳ģ֮޿ƥУܺ绽꣬硣
ЩһҲԸӦڤڤ֮е⣬Щȴ֮һ㣬֮ܽΪãõĴ
ۣ֮ǿᣬҲԽԽ̶·вǸС뿪
³ͻȻƽھֵȫˡ
ðģ
֪
иڰоˣ
СıϵĵˣҪ׽ӽǸ壬վԶˣ
࣬ͻȻֵĵǼģĹƸˣһǸС
ƣΪܻ𣿡
СＤԣûбܣ˸ǿҵս⡣
Ժñԣŭ壬
ۣ
СƤڰصȻˣĵطԽԽ࣬ͺƵƤѿ
һͷɫľ޴¶࣬ͼذ峤ʮףֱܹߣһɫβ˦˦ȥɢ֮ǰŨʮ
ȣ
ŭһѪɫ⣬˰еĵһУеĵȻɢװۡ
һδƽһ𡣡
Ӻ󷽴һײ̾
ͬʱеĵӦɳ󷢶ŭնȥնƿһ޴˿ڣʱѪ쮷ɡ
һ£ӲӲһ£濹⣬ҪĺΪϬ
𣡡
ҽһƶ;ƬѪ
һӰл߳òɢϢҲǺǿȻȴΧ΢ϣÿһ϶
߳ϳ
ֻ֦͵ǰ߹أȻȴͻȻɱƵóˡղѾһˣҪٲֵĻ˿϶ࡣ
ԲȴһΪ˾˰ε
εĲױ¶ݵӦһöϳɵĵ߶ڵɫıƳʹɱΪһ֮ԼƵҲ˫˫ע뵽˱֮С
ƾ۵ıѾӽҫ𼶱ˮ׼
ϳڵԴԪħ̺ԣֱ׵硢Լú۱¡
ӦǾͳױ¶ˣʱһݾ;ء
һ̤棬â¶Ŷѹȥ
ңңţƿ⣬δоֳ˴Ķ
Χ˿֮ǰ˵ġ͡һһȡ֮ǰУѰ͵꿴Ҳһ㣬ʲôʵӣҲỨǮѰӻͻȻǿĵһΪĳλְȴû뵽Ȼǡ͡ͷųģ͡λ֣
һնͻ湻͵ģ
ԭղų
ԭǸز¶ĸ֣֮ǰˡ
ϵĺأվôԶо˴̹ǵĺ⡣
æһսӦӮ
˾̾
Ƽ촽΢ţȻĿųһðһ޴ʡǿΪλҪ˱
ƼͷҲ벻ͨ¡
˵ע֮£ϳȻУеıֱֱն䣬Ƽ£ɢ˹衣
磬ܿһ˦ɫβͣһӣϳɨ
ϳһնգһ淭ת׼׷ɱȥûϮβͣ·Ҫһ˻˵Ķ
ӲӲΣ壬ǿ氤һҲδܿסһβͣ
һݣܣӶβͺɨȥ
νõʯϳıһնϣƿһ޴˿ڡβͽľʹԷɽʯβͱˡ
βͼеɲǡ
ಣ
ϳƾʧܿβ͵Ĺһ࣬ӵնƺϬ
һʼû˻ˣķӦٶȣȫǧһ֮ʱܿβͣ
ƿأǵ΢֡


301 Լ
΢Ҫսȫλľ׼ƿأһڣ΢
΢ȻҲи֣֮ϳ΢ѾãټǿⷽˮƽѾܸˡ
Ȼ㿪ˣ
־ŭ˲ˡ
էէϣʼɱ·ɣһĽǶȹеϷˣȴϳ½ǶܶʱۿžҪϳˣȴһ翵ĲӰѡ
˽أоΣգ⡣
ҽ쵹ùȻߵôһ塣
ȳϳŤͷȿ񱼣Ҫ
ֳ壬ȻҪնݳϳ׷һƿգĵһĺ󲱾һ

ս䶨
ϳɿƣʧȥ˺ά֣ۿɼٶڻ뵽ѪˮС
׷ٶȣ׷սܿ죬ղŵսʯûлõʱ䡣
ϳûȥƽھֵ˵üԶһ¾롣
˵ؾ߹ؽߣټո¶ʵûҪڳ˶ĿˣǶ뿪Ϊ
ʬƮһöɫͺһöɫ顣
ϳһץ˴ּƣȨγ־˵ıˡ
һĻû˵ϳֱ뿪ˡ
ϳȥıӰƼһ䣬뵽ʲôæ׷ȥȱߣ
Ƽȿ񱼣һ·׷ϳ
׷ϳųɲǣƼȴǸ⡣ϳͣ˽Ųƫͷ˵ۿҪĿĵˣǾʹ˱ɡѾǰˣǧң㻹Ǯ
׷㵱ȻΪǮΪˡƼ˵ﷴˣû˵ȥ
ΪʲôĻôֻ˵أ
ƼŹĴʵǲϳװģģһ㱣ܣ㲻ҡһΣѾˣôûģҲġ
ƼһϳЦֽվǰס𡣡
ȻϳƼϲѣһ˫ʷŹ⡣
㿿ʲôʶҵģ
ʵǳӣղųֵʱֲʹñȻ뱩¶ݡǿʵֲ뱩¶ݵˣҲֻˣϾĸֲ࣬Ĵͨľ͸ˡټϳͷϳгЩƲݲ¡
ϵȷʵܶ࣬Ҳֻãһ־Ͳزסˡ
Ϊ˾ųֵģǾ仰ҸȺ¾ģһסǵͣǲҪ˵
лˡ
˵ллҲŶԡ
˵仰˳Ĭ޻˵ξء
ûбصĸϳϷƼ䣬ʵ᲻Ȥ
ûʲôµĻҾˣԼأҪǵ𣬸ɴظˡʧһҲûʲôο֮ǰңǴвġϳе
ƼҪϳԷ˵˵ȴһɶҲϳڴѣѹܴ󣬲һط
Ҳأһ·СġƼɫӣüһ˿į
ǡϳŤͷȥһ·нԶ
Ƽ֪ϳͨ飬Ҳ֪ϼܵǣȴĪֻĿϳȥ
ܰΣȴһζﲻ㡣
Ƽа̾ջĿ⣬صƽھֵĳӣղŷһУҪκ͸¶˽ҲۣܶϳͲ
Ƽƽµ̬ȾͺףǸףϧɱΪвһйء͡ʶ˶

ϳ뿪֮һ·λ߽һӪ
ֺӪպĴ󽫾ﳤ賣ڴˡ
ϳھӪһ֣÷ɳΪڣͷųܽ磬鹫ȡ˳
鹫ڵҩд棬ں˯ٹܾòŻ
ϳ鹫УȻǰӪոտͱʿоҪｫǮһ
ʿ˺ôһɫصӪнͨ
Ƭ֮ϳ˳ĽӪ߽һʣ˹ﳤ衣
еƤë϶һˣף˫üŨܣĿŭǷļ⣬׳ǹﳤ衣
뵱ϳϹﳤһذ֮ꡣ
ϳĻòﳤûϳʵкδҪϱ˵󱾽ʱ䡣
ܷ˵ȣڣܶ໰˵ϳ
ﳤԥһ£˻֣ʱ뿪
ټľʿֻʣϳ빫ﳤˡ
ûˣʲô˵ɡﳤ
þòϳ΢΢һЦʵϳֻݵ˸ģ
ϳ

ﳤϸϳۣЩϤ峺Ŀ⣬ȷʵϳ
Ȼ㣡ﳤ̲סվĴ׷㣬㾹ȻܵԼݣѵͲҵץ㣿
һЩ£Ӧ㣬´߹صʱҲҪ㣬һԵߡܺ£һԼˣǸҰѾԻǽ˰ץ㿴Űɡϳ
Сӻǰһ֣ﳤЦϳ˴ĴָĴ֮ͨԼðңġ
㣬һǶԼΪ鹫飬Ҹ²ˣӪȥӽӪɡ
飬ȫ˵ˣǶǱ˵һ֮ʣҲȫš
֪ࣿ
Ȼ롣
Ǿͱߺȱ˵ɡ
ϳӴȡһ̳Ӿƣ˷࣬ʱ磬ƮɢݡһƣֽǧƾܴŨ𣬺ȵͺǧڱڣʴ˵
ԼǼ棬кȾơ
쳤ˮϳֱӶž̳͹һڣҾȢ˸øĸо̼
ϳ¾̳ӣݸ˹ﳤ衣
ﳤӹҲһڡ
һһڣȵúܿ졣
ھ¶ǣϳụ̀һǻѪѪбӿ
콡Ҷġ
ϳ˵˾俪ףŽȥһ顣
ﳤˣҲˣûκεĻɣЩ滰ΪЩǴϳ˵ġ
֮ǰ֮⣬ϳԼļƻȫгˣûκ
ϳѻ˵꣬ټľ̳Ѿ˵ס
ﳤ̳ӣһھƺˣȻ˲죬ɴ㾡ܷ뿪һһͨ뺣֤·Ĺذڿû˻㡣֮һϣھֽ棬ھʱȥˡҵӣܰ죡Ұﲻϣֻܰ㵽һˣ


302 ʵ
ⳡ̸̸֮
ûйĨǣûˮÿһ仰ֱֱȥ
ϳ˵ࡣ
ﳤһܼŵ
ĻһҲ˵
ﳤдʼӣдһͨ뺣һӡһΪƾ֤ͨ뺣ڱ߹سͨ衣
ϳͨ뺣ɫҲھ͵뿪ˡ
һ·ءﳤɴ
ϳתȥ߳˾ʡ
Դ콡֮һϵеĲﳤף֮ǰĲֻСС֣ϳ˳˳Ȼȵϳٻʱ򣬽֮ǰĲǲľκˡ
治ǼһôģȻϳƵ뿪ǵףҲûҪô׽϶кڵһ졣
ﳤ
ӪĴ򳤰Ƿ磬ϳھ̸Уȡ졣
Ȼɵ˵ʵ߻ԼղŸϳ棬ֻ˵ԼϼЩ飬ϣϼܵ
Ҫ󣬻ǲӦģﳤǸ⡣λر߹صĴ󽫾ڳ˵أǻĵɽұۣǻ϶Ҫֱ档
ϴӦҪ
Ϳжˣܷ˵޳ͷԵס
λе鹫ܿ챻˴Ӫưѹʱ򣬲֪θ롣

뿪Ӫ֮ϳֱʮɽһ·ͨ裬˳뿪߾һ޼ʵɽ֮С
ʮɽҪ壬ҪԽȥִһ˵¡
ϳڶζʮɽˣڹʵΡ
Ϊ˱鷳ϳȡһϣԴڸϵϢ
ǰ£ó½˷˺üáʵ֤֮ǰδǶԵġ
£ټϳ˿͸һûʮɽзٱУٶȷ۵糸
һֱܵ˽ɵϳͣӵٳһɽһͷ˽ȥ
ܣĸһΣգûӦˣʮɽն֮أĳǱġ
˵ϳعⵤѸٻֵָҩ̫ˣ򲻵ǲܳԵģƽʱֻܳһЩЧĻָҩָ
˹ɽڣϳȡһһ飬ͷųаصһСͷ󷨡
ৣ
Żз˳һֻֻڰ裬е˿ɽЩͻչǵСÿһֻشߡ
СϳЯ˲٣־óеǴӵϽɻģеǴܽĲرеġ
ϳɽһЩ飬һڶڣһЩ
ڤҵֵˣսھ֣һͷޣ벹һ֮ǰھҵټ׷ٻĻᶼûУڳϢóʱٻһͷ޳үӳ˯ˣûбתˣֻϵͼֱٻˣֱֿӡ
ϳ㣬ȡһҫͼǴӳԳϵսƷ
ͼһ׼ϻƵ󷨼ΪĸӣԵװԵĺɫƵ̡
ͼܹٻҫ𼶱ٻһҪʮңĿǳӴ󣬵ǶԵǮ
ͼĻԽٻҫϼѣ˵ʮ򣬾Ҳδܳɹ
翵Ķһ˵ġ
ͼԴԽٻļʣٻǹ̶ıޣٻ֮ǰȷϱ޵ʵ
ֶעʮö̺ҲˣоʡʱʡĽ취
ϳͼڵϣŴӴ֮ȡһ¯СĽޣ޵̵൱Ƕ貵ıʯΪ׺
˹ΪޡרڴԼתңСһԴڵң
ڴ
ٱϻڴűޡ
ڴҡ
ֱӰ޼򵥵ΪǮҲɡ
ϳ޷ͼϣһʯťתЧ洢ҽгȡת̺֮ȡץԴԴϵע뵽·ͼС
ͼԴϵһѸٹһ󷨡
ʮûöñӻһգǮ㹻˳Դӡ
ˣ
һͼ˰գðĿĺ⡣
ͼٻıޣֻٻ
ּȿԿһֻޣ˵ӦҫˮԵٮٮߣôǶӦĻٮٮߣͷˡ
ΪԿƵĹϵӦҪʤһٳԷ˹ϵͷ޵ˮ׼һϵġ
ϳ۽磬ٻһͷޣҲˡ
ʢһӰ˸ǲûܳʱͣ˸˼֮󣬱ʧˡ
֮Ͼ֮ϵ
ƣһξȻٻʧˡ
ϳĿӰʧÿǲᣬʮҾˮƯΪԣЩۡ
ͼֱﲻܱ֤ٷְٳɹʧʻǺܸߵġٻܳɹһΣ͸ݷˡ
ϳģΪͼһעңڶʧܸգӻˡ
γԡ
үӣ˯ˣһæٻûǲа
ϳĦ˼ת˽䣬ϧ沢ûдĻӦϼһﻹں˯
ٴ
һɫӰֶתΪʵ壬¡һײɽڣ⴦ɽڼڴ˵Ĵһԣʵ̫Сˣʩչ
ϵ󣬽ɽײ飬쵽棬һֱ쵽ǧײͣ¡ţͷ¹ǣͷƮɢëĸ룬ֻצƬǻɫģβ;һܻ档

𣡡
ŭ𣬺أһɢɢ˷Ϊ֮
֮ǰλڶڴֻܵһһϣһŻ𻨣νȴδ˵ֺ
мңϣ͸һˣо
ǳɹٻˣǮǲ١ϳ̧ͷһ΢΢ЦЦ߹ȥβ֮ϣʼ޽Լ
ٻֳĶ̫󣬿϶˷壬һЩֹҡ
ϳ֪ʱ䱦ץʱ޽Լǿѹȥ
ǿȣҫ𼶱ҲֻйԹԳķݶûءû϶ãͷˡ
һԼӡͣϳĵ֮ڣ⼸ӡΪھӡ
һɼϢ漴ע뵽ϳԺ֮С


303 Ե
ұѣΧʯͷʹΪΣյңȻˡ̬ƣޡʹôһʮΡ
ͷųĻ󷨣ʹΧ¶ﵽȼĳ̶ȣܴǿԼ似̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
һٳǣ³ԷپһǳصͻʹΧΪһ˼̬ƣ̬ʹôһһΡ
ʢŭһͷųܹ֮ķŭŭʱҲһȿԶԵʩչЧҲԶȺʩչЧ̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ
ĸܣĹܣһһǿǸܣһǿԵһܹеķŭ÷ŭǿʵ
ÿһܸܶܲӦƽƽıޡ
ϳΪ⣬μ˼ЧʼΪΣչΪһͮͮĵϸۣĩʱʱ̶̿һŻȼš
ʽ֣Ĳ˵ǵͳƵǧ򻯣ֱ͡䱳͡ӥ͡͡͵ȵȡ
ϳһֱѡõ͵ĵ⣬ͺһǣγһ
ǵǵϳ¹˼оϰˡ
ϳιʳԼͻƱʹɳ˿ɿõˮ׼ûιʳΪͻʥ
ϳΪǽ𼶺ڣҫ𼶲ңԶһҫ֮Уټҫ𼶱
Ȼᣡ
ʱĿһǸ߼ʥ𼶱ޣӦҲãҲգȫҪ滻ģ԰һ̶ȾˣûҪ̫Դٻʥ𼶱֮ٺݺǮҲ١
Ϊǻʥ𼶱޵;֮⻹һ;
ϳܽĵڶʯ˵ڶı⣬ʥͼͬٻʥ𼶱ޡ
;һʵ֣ϳҲ׼
һܾ˵ʲôڰĶˡ
ϳŻ̤ܶʵࡣ
ֵڵأʼ˹ָ򿪴ȡһӲӵ˶ҩɨһȦȷû⣬Ȼһڶ
ǽյ֮д֮ЧܽøΪǿ󣬿ӲЧߵİǳ֮
յϳ͵õˣһֱûгԡ
ҪһڿڳԣҩˣһӳԵĵҩ
ȣܳܵҩ޵ģΣͬĵҩЧͬпܱ˴ų⣬ϳԡ
ԽЧǿĵҩԽҪСķãһֻܷһ
ϳϵĸ߼ҩȻֻ࣬ԣ֮ǰ϶Թ̫ϵҩպϣԳµĵҩˡ
յ븹оǳһö飬Ӳģûɢκҩ
ϳڸͷųһŻ棬อΪ¯Žյ̺֮ҩȻɢ뵽֫ٺƤѪ⡣
յѣܷʱ䣬̾ˣҲʹˡ
ϳһϢһҩ
ʱţĵڽڻָĳɣɣɣԽԽӯ
ڴ˹УɢһѹʹΧС岻ҿһЩǿ岢ѹӰ졣
ϳָ˳ʱð
˸ղųֵ˹ʱˡ
ϳΧסһӥ壬Ȼʮɽٻޣǲǹ
ɣ
ɱ
ҲźȣһϳеĽɱҲеԶ
ϳֱٽȻۣӹһͷ۵ļһѪ
ɱ¾֮Ѫ
һһܣ
ϳٶ̫죬ȫ֮ϣչ˵ɱֳһͬʱննеĶҪ
֮Ͽ̺ȼȼ
ǻԵģټϳڵܹŻӵһ

ÿĵ
һҽУһһҡ
ϳֲһ˻Ȫ·ڵʵնɱʵ̫ˡ
ȾѪһǱĵ
ָĲˣ·ɡ
ϳյ£ٴ·

ա
ϼ塣
ԭ뷨ڽ촦ʮϼˣԴ˱ϳ˵飬ı⣬ӦƳ졣
֮ϼͻʮ˱ϵͷ϶һΣյĵ
־壬ߣϼӿ˹
һЩھֵĸ½Ӱ²ĳнӹϼ塣ӽƹϼѾǳˣǻˡ
㳡ϡ
ڶϼսսվһھ֮˵ѵ
Щʵ˵ģЩֻת
Ҫھִ֣ʱ鲻ֻܲǲ´Ϊ¡
һжϼȡһССļ壬ȻҸھԣ䵽³
ȫϳһ֮䣬ϳҳеΣôھֿһ棬ǲϳͷڹ꣬һֱǾֻǿˣ
˭ҪṩйϳҪһǼһȣ
죡ھִ󷢴ȱٸʱ䣬֮Ϳʼʽ̣ÿǩɱˣ
Ҫ־͹ϳҪ޾ͺϳ
Щڹ㳡ϻص쳹˶ԡ
ЩǷǣ֪ھɱ޹Щ˻ججȥԹھ֣Ǩŭϳ
ʱͺ֮ʮλϼ˽Ѫ岽

ʮɽ
޹
ʮɽȣû֮档
Ѫɱγ˹ȣҲ޷޹ʮֻҵģһȫʵ˵
λ̳еƶȣɿ޹ڲĲпᡣ
ǻ֮ǰչҪʱ߱ȫڸأÿصͷĿܣʵȺ˲ûʵɨȫǵǻ֮ò˶ãھͻᱬķѱҡ
޹εľڶãλ̳λ
ЩõУһλòǰո൱á
һڻɽеηС
·ҽҷڣɢϵðɫݡϷŽƳɵηηù̡
Ϊȶģ塣
̶ηУתڵγһ㻤֣ΧȡһΧǺȣĽǺˮȻ͸γ˵͸״
һӰڻɽڣ̶ҹ
ҹһúɫͷס˻Ľγһɫ·һƿͷѩ׵ļ
㣬εζôһ㺹ӣǽĶˣҶĶءҹЦ˫¶Ŀ⡣


304 ֮
̶۾֪˵ԼãӦһᱻǰ͡
ɲô˵ֻһ淢ߣŭ˿ԼӦŶԣǨŭڱˡҹЦ塣
Դǳ粨ȥ֮󣬽˫˫ص޹û֮ҡ
̶ڵļʮҹľӪһ֧ԼĵǰΪõҹҪռơ
ʱĽභҹʤ
֮ǰһҹİŵ߼޻̶ص⴦һ֮ΣںʱܳȥǸδ֪
̶ܹ͸ǰƣûܹãֽ׶ֻҪȫԼˡ
ʱܸıܶණ
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Ǻǣ䣬ҲŲɵĲԣìͷתˡȻҶˣͲֻ֣ͣ÷ҲŻתĿꡣ;ϵĻһ㽫µƵó裬ҪҹаЦС
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ҹֳĬˣЦ֮ǰǳϳϳòǱд˵ϳʮɽжϣǸֶϳɣ˵ġ
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죬ٿ㣡
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Ѿʮɽı߽ˣһЩֱӳӦߣҲӦⲻ󣬲⵽ֵΧ
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Ӧȶ˫ٷУչ֮ܲƲꡣ

ӦĿŵƿշУ벻Ŀѡ
ΧɽĿ۵Ӧϡ
쿴αϷɣ
ӴıޣȼͣӦҫ𼶵ġ
űʮɽɣֱ
ϷɵˣӦþǻʵ۱ͨϳһˣ
ҵˣ׷ϵҪͷҪɱȥû
ڶ࿴ϳ֮У֧ȷӡΪ׷ɱϳȷͷ£㣬֧ǡѲ鵽Ƭ
֧ȷĴ֮£ڵ׷˿еӦ
󲿷ֵʿ˵ϣٲܹеԼַڿչ׷
֧ӵλø֧ͬλϳĺ󷽣һ֧λϳǰպÿϳ֧γɼл֮ƣϳ˵С

ϳӦƿնУȻоǰð궯žͼɽ˸߿գסȥ·ͷһҲв׷
Ŀеķǧλ֮ڣһڲӣϻ塣
ֽ׶˫뻹ԶǼǰɵĻͷ
Ȼðô壿
ϳһݡ



305 ս
ϳв²⣬֪һӦϷɣȻע⣬û뵽ô塣
һʮɽ߽粻ôŶԡ
¿鷳ˡϳüͷ
ʮɽӦþ͵ĵκϼһߣֶ룬ִൢһʱ䣬пϼ
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Ӧٷɸһ㣬ôҸǾȥֻҪɵھͰȫˡǸҵĹסЩ岻⡣
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ӦͷŸ߿շ˹ȥֱϾ񷣬Ʋ
Щ绪۷ǿߣȫ˺ţգǿγ۳ҡϳӦɾûǸˣи߶һޣıԵȴ޷͸졣
ӦӽǸ֮ʱ춯
ǣ
һѰ׵绹Ҫ˸ε
죬ŭˣ
һ־棬ӽ飬Ϸɾͻ췣
ϳ֪һЩйء족Ľ봫˵ϷˣѰ·ԦӦʼȫǰУ߶ȣЩĸ߶ȡ
Ű֮ȥ
죬ǿ£ղǵҸӦϣһữΪɻңʣ
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Ϊϡ
Ӧɵ˸߿գЩȻҲ׷˸߿գһЩʵû취ôߣеͿգһЩ屻ղ쳹סˣͣ
ɵ߿ϳģֻв壬⻹ǰѺ׷Ҳˣֻǰ·͸ˣҲͰλѡ
ڸ߿սȻǸ֮٣ϳ˲ٵˡ
˫ԽԽһǧףףס
ϳ׿˶·壬ЩͬĻռǣһڵļǣе屳Ĵ졣
ӻռǸжϣ޹ľӡ
ϳʱȻѹЩܹжԭһ֧ѵصľӡִӾҪռɽΪѶԸһЩȼλսֶθࡣ
մȾڶѪʣϳֵ֣ӭһӲ̵׼
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ܷɣһɵ屳ϣһ·ɵ˸߿ա
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Ϊ̶޹ŮԵʣϳ˽һЩй޹Ϣ֪ȷͷ
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ۼս·ƴ½ҲǶǿߡǿأʮɽͱƽˡ
Ҫûܾȵ㣬ɣȷһȳչĴ̳·ƿյİɫǹ̳һϬ
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˫Ĺڰײ˴ĥ벨
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ȷ治̣ϳϳ̶̵ʱ˫㽻ٴΣ̽˶Էʵ
һǸ𣬲¾ɱġϳжϡ
ţиսԼͬѡԶ̹ʽһϳµӦ
ϳǻãԵ·ĹӦһͲˣʵ̫ᱻС
Ͽд󣬿еĴˣҲġ
ϳֳһٿӦչӦһͷ֮У˸ҡͷβ޴޳βһɨ壬ǶϽۣ򵱳
ʲôҲãɨӦҲ൱׵ս
ϳӦֱײӲɱһѪ·ЩһȺ˵ĲӬ׷ȥݡ
ܣ
ȷŭһһԾӿµķӦ֮ϣ˫ѵˮһ·ϳ
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գ֮䣬ȷѾ嵽ͷȻһ˦֣Ѹӳ·һɫޡֿɳɶ̣仯ˣ
ৣ
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ϳӦԣȻ֫˺ɨĴ֣һɾϴͷƤۡڴɨɲǣվӵն˹ȥâ֮ȻȻĻ˻֮
ۣ
һ죬ȷĴֱϳһնϣ˿ڱ˳ȼ
ǣϵĴ֮󣬾Ȼ϶ͺϿһȻܹܵȷƿء
ϵĴһٶɨϳ
һǹŹ֣
ϳٶֵܿնȷ汾ˣץͷųһ򣬶ŶϵĴһ˹ȥâܶͨ֡
Ӧıչױȵļս̤Ѹƶʱʱأʱʱ롣
ȷӵжϳ˲ٵ鷳Ĵ֮ϵĴɿսеĹϳеĲסӦ
ȷ֮ȡ֣ΪĴ־ˣɥ
նֵĻնٵҲɱȷ棬ֻ˵Ҫȡ
ϳһ㣬һζĶԸ֣Ųȷ汾˷νû
ȷʵ֮ǱȽǿģϳǰ·ɱǿöࡣ
ȥϳ൱󷽵׷ԽԽˣȷ棬ȷһϳʤ忪
Щȷ涼еľӢѰһֵܵϺüѰ
;ȷĴֶȻסϳĽףݺݵ˦ɳȥϳһգԶӦյ˰С
иĴͼϳŹסǲȷõĴ֮һ

ϳһݣΣӦԡ
ץߵӦתΪһҰɫĳ˿ߴָӦ֮ϣ֮С
˫֣һΪˮһΪϳ˫նˮγһԲ򣬽ԼĴֶ÷顣
֮ϳҽ̤ŵ±һˣγһɷ˸߿ա
ϳðսپʹǿУ˫ͷ֮ʩչ˿ʮնеѹ׾С
һ죡


306 
ʮնݵıѪеһУڹһ
һص֮֮ر࣬Ȼ֮Ҳ˵һеֹģȫʩչ߶֮ƿˮ׼֮Ҫ㹻ǿᷴһ
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ȫڴһ٣ȷ汻ƵʹɱУһţ״ľһɫ׶ϳ˹ȥǿŴִݱŷڽ
ɱжɱУǿǿԾ
Ҫ

ȷĴִϳؿڣͬʱеļһ׵ľ޴췣һ֮
߼ͬʱУעû˭ܹˡ
һš
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һʬƬһƿշɳ
ϳȻˣǲ֮ǣͷʮѣָһʩչ似һϸ˿ߣסصߣ˴
ͼԲҪ𼶵ƣһҪߵġ
ϳҫ𼶻ᷢһʵԾʱõĸ߼ͿʼʶĽдˣѾ˲١
ۿ챻ϳһɱڳȫһ
ãȷ汻ɱˣ
ʵǿȻȷ֮һնɱ
һϣȷ汨𣡺ԮϾҪˣǿ϶Ӯ
ԣܷŹܸоõһ֮ϵϢԱˣ
־ŭϳչ͹
ϳʤ̣ȴûɶ٣һߡȡһĻعⵤһȥľµٱĵҩҲõǶԡ
ߣ
ϳ̤һֱĹӰһ֧ޱջһ˫һɣϵ˫ͬʱΪΣ˫˫˳ȥ
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ͷķߡӦ֮ǰˣʱ
𣡡
ͷųʢŭЧϳ˫ϣŭڣƱøҿˡ
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һսϳǳ˷ߣֻҪ˦׷ˡ
󷽵׷ᣬҧסϳƨɣ˫ľʱڻ޷̫Զ
ⳡ׷ս˺ܾãһ·ɵʮɽ߽磬ǰˡԶԶģԿһЩ鲼ڱ߹ҪĹذԶĵطһɫɽǣǱĻʳǡ
ǷɵڣȺ¾룬עȥ޻أȻǺܲģҧҧͣĿϳԽԽԶ
ϳ
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˵ʲôҲˡ
ȷһһŶ㬳ˡ

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Ѳк󸣣ĴѣҿܶˣϣԺ˳һ㡣
ϳΡ
ϼ˵İΣȫϵһϣʵ̫ء
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וǱ¹ţĹٱƺȻҪţֱ
ƾ֤
ϳ򿪴ȡһţݸ˶ĺ
ţþдż֣ݽǰוϳѹϵгһϳһҪʢܵĩβһɫġӡǰו׵˽ӡ¡
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뵱֮ܽʱוΪ£ϳױдţ͸ϳ
ȻģȻȴ޷״ǣüҲʶ¹ıʼҲûöӡ£ʵѱ档
ϳ÷ˣûʱССĽʱ䣬ĺˣŰٷְģм١뿴ðѶʲôôǸðƻǵĻϿ϶ԭα¶ϲŵαǵĻϵóĻۡҪŭǵĻϣҵڡҲԶᴩʮɽһѪսҵĳ⣬ʮ𼱵飬ǲġҵĴ£С¹㣬ɳе𣡡
ⷬл̺ľľЧ
ⷬסˣϸ룬ϳ˵ĺͷãһΣ͸дͨ뺣ȥɽʥ
ɽʳǵ֣˵زԶ
ʮɽΧеȶвνı߹أһһ֮£ɴǨ˱߹أڴˣһɫɽĽΪһͦΡĳǳأȡΪɽǡ
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ܿдһͨ뺣ű޻ϳǰɽǣ˵ǻͣʵҲмּӵ˼ⷢ⡣
ϳ̹Ȼּӣֻһ㵽ɽǡ


307 ʹ
ɽ
ɽǿƽǰ·˺ܳһʱŵطۿɽǣľɽ𣬾Ŀӹ̣ͺһ޴ıݣ۾ڲã֮ϡԿڳߣбڰѲ߱гɰǧɽǵײģ°Կ˰˸ţͨ˷ͨȫأγһŦ
ǧεεȻɳһ㡣
ϳУһ·ܵؿʣк湵ͨûʲôͨĵɽǵĶ壬ʹͽڴˡ
ʹϿѲ߱ҹѲ߮ȴϽ˵ȷпҪʹֻܴŽ룬ô
Ϊʼң⡣
һ׷ϳһϱ˻ʹںʱܹõټͲһˡ
Ϊ˾ϣϳǮдһЩ߹ٶһЩǮ
ϳϲߺŵ飬ЩʱҪһЩϲ飬˳ﵽĿġ
о仰˵úãͨ䣡
Ǯʹĥ߹֮ǰϡ
ʵ֤ϳǮûа׻
Ⱥ߹߽󹬴ûãһԼ˳ƻ룬ϳ˺󹬡
ܴһ·լԺһ칬ǰϰʯף˽ȥ
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һѴ֮ϣһӢߣͷʴΪɫ룬ư۾ֺͣɫٲߵϲ޶ƣɫǳãԵݹ۱װЩ⣬̬ȡ
ǿһʡ
Ҳһʡ
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ЩͨȨλϻʵ۵ġ㵱˻ʵۣҲʡ
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׻ŵԣԼãͲˣו׽֮ŵԣҲûŮ
׻˵һɽݶוãһ͹ˣҪһС
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׻ϳһۣϸֵЦ⣬΢ЦǷűˣȷʵǰוѾͷֱʣѣѡˣϳ
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һһԲεĵؿӣһĵػڿо趯ţ̺ԶԶѰĻ档
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֮˵˫ۣЦվӣò˫ȴΪ棬оȻŴܶĻ硣

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;ëԼȻҪȻҪһЩȣ츳㹻ߣΣ㻹Ҫ츳Ϊֻϲ˲ţûⷽ츳ٶһǧҲۡ
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ڳȻ֮У似΢˱ȱȽǣһӳ˶΢ɣ
ҪѾ˵ˣϲϸɡ̽һĸǣΣж͡ӷԸ
פƾ۸޷жϳ׼ȷ䣬һȫп֮ܵꡣ
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309 в
˵֮ƤҰףͷޱ߷һϸƶţʱƣʱתۡЩ֮ǰϵֱϡ
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ȻҲӵһЩ˼ֶΡ֮£˵ĸоҪȻӸӿ̱Ӳ顣
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ԣǰΪҪ治УʲҲûʲôãԣ˷ʱ䡣ߵ
Ǹˣæ˷һʱҲ޷ˣͱֹˣĵҩɡ
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ָоȻܣӸղŵĻҲȷʵ̫ϳ̶ֳȵĳϳеġ
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˫ĿһݣеĻһ´˳Ư˰գڰ裡


310 Ļ
ԭ治ܼ˫֮Уͷųʹá
ϳ档
һͫҲһֽ֣ĻۡƽʱҪ˫۴棬ҪʱͷųҾҪˣаɡӽܵ
һˣɰڴһ٣ϳٴУתľڱ۳һýɫԺеԴ
֮ǰӵ͹ϳһΣ˽ѵһû˵Ʋ˵Ļһһ߷Ĺۿߵ
ȥһǰŻȻǣΪһ𣬶ϳ˹ȥϳС
ǣ沢ûȼϳҲû˺壬ûһ¶ȣֱϳϣΨ˺
ʹ
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֡ȡͶȷӦΪģԶԶ֡ȡ
ʱһţĬĬʱ
ݻͽĿ˱׼˺ǲʮУְСʱһСʱţСʱϣ
ܹһСʱ֮٣νëǣ󲿷˼ְСʱܲˡ
ֲԾͺñˮܣʱԽã˺ԽǿֲҪأҪļᶨʹӰ죬纣ʯ
֪СֶܼãղŵıʮӾͲˡĻǱûʸڣһ棬ȥڻҲ̫ߵĵλ츳ԼսʵʺϼЩսĳȻӰ
һߵӣҲΪġ
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ףֺܼܾõӣͶȺܲһţǿʸˣԺµ๦棬Щɾ͵ġ˫һжϡ
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Щʱ˶Լ͸úһ㣬Ͳ֪Լ
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˿ŻеϳٶЩݡϳ֮ǰһ㣬ֲԵı˸·תһӺתܶࡣӣһҲпܵġ
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ÿһ֣ÿһ룬ڳյϳԶһּ尾
ܷʣµСʱǸδ֪

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֮ǰлϳ˵飬ھֽ죬Ѿȥǵ졣
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Ȼȥ콡źܴĲ֮࣬кܶ˲дڵȶֻǱϵȶܷסͷıҪʱ顣
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Щ֮Уʮ˱ܽκһ˵ͷϡ
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ϼ˱Թǿ飬ȫûãܹı˵ֻʵ
̧ͷۿе̫ʱ䵽ˣųǩɣ˭ǩǾʹ˭


311 
һڵˣ˭˭ڴһ١
Ϊⳡ̣ھȫ׼˽һ޴ϼǰϼһһĳǩ֮ľǩһΪڣһΪףǩǩ
־ĳǩںᰲȫһЩǰ˰ǩߣ˾Ͳóǩˡ˭ں棬κζھְŵģ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
һϼսսߵǰУдʣӡΡΡץһ֧ľǩǰɫģʱһ
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ΧھֵĶĿϳܿͻᱻ֡
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312 
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˹Ŀ࿴ǣϳƺֺܼܾõӣСʱļޣ
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͵ǻӵ֣һƲ״̬ٻܼһСʱѵãʵѵá
ܼҹƳⵤҩˡ
Ŀ꣬ڵֻҪּܼСʱǺǱˣⷽŬӳϣܴ󡣡
ѧֵҩ²ƱĵҩҲǺܳɹˣһʳԱ졣
ֻҪһͣǾǸ˲š
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ϳͶȽӽǸ׼˲е˲ţܵӡ
ϳ˫ۣŷĻ۵գĽɫʱƮҶÿҶƬ壬ͻ鿪߰ߵĽ⡣
ʱϳѾյһ顰ʯᶨޱȣβơ
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ȼһӣƽ»ΪһգԺ֮С
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313 ʹ߽
֮ǰغŸСϳȴϳ֦ҪϳΪͽ
ת䣬ʵе̡
ϳξأﲻϲغˣҲϣԷԼ鷳
Ҫһ㣬غֻƷʦϳ̫һЩڳԵĵҩܶ඼Ʒ֮ϣһֻƷҩѧжϢ
뵱ϳʦǰƷϵʦ
غżϳЩɣȴģΪͽҲ㽻κΰʦ񣬻ԷһݱԺÿ£ȡŸнٺܴ϶õһнٺ棬ǲõģҿ϶ڡһĵҩǳʺƣһֵҩĵڸ㡣
غѭѭգΪϳΪͽһıǮ
ЩǴ˵ģֻϳһܹüһ˵죬һ˵Ķ
ϳشԱߵ͵ȷ˶ߣЦغţϳֹ˵ʲôأòҪ·غɣˣͷӦŰŹ䵽ϣֻɳû츳
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ǲԼڻڣˮ׼ߵ˵Ҳһǧˡ
ˮ׼ƽƽҽ̲ͽܡ
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͵ЦȰͫҲйأΪȴǺ
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ϳʱ죬һתʹȻʵһЩ鷳֪ܷڰһæδڵż繦δδã鷳ڣκ¹شҵһߣʵǵȲˡ
͵һ㶣ʵʲô鷳
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ȻڲΪϳһ˾ͰھˣΪһŵµӣڻһ
Ȼ߸ϣÿܸĹ֮⣬ȥԤķ
ܵõ̶ֳȵİϳѾˣֽ׶εĿֻǱסϼ壬ԺҪǻòޣԿԼȥ𣬲üһʱ

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314 ˮת
ɱۣ
ĸ쳹մأڳÿһ˵ġ
ɲƣûڵʵ˵˭ҪǸΥɡ
˶ɵˣһʱЩת
Ϊ㵵ĵףܵĴ̫󣬼Լ۾䡣
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ݣĻӶҪǰ;һƬӴԺھҲϳһëˣѰ·
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˴׵ɫˡ
Ҳµпܼ볬Ȼû뵽ոռ볬Ȼ͵õôߵĴֱӳΪ˺ĵӡ鷳ˣ鷳ˡ˵ҵ飬Լܷһٶδ֪
׵ĳȥ
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뿪ʱϳǱĴֱߵģʱȻΪ˻ڵĺĵӣĴ֮ϡ
޳ˡ
ϳи̾˵ʹʹ۷ɡɧˣ·ǿԹߡ
á͵Ӧһָһע뵽Ӱɳ֮С
ӰӰյηĻƾճ֮䡣
·ӪУ˷˿еĳһƬȻ˴󽫾ﳤ衣
ﳤ̤߳ʣĿУ૵ܳźˣ϶һַбֵǣһġϣ֮ûж⡣
һƿ̽һӢ˲ףŹﳤЦｫ


315 Ұ
ﳤϳϤףѿڶϳ㣡
ûҡϳƿţ£תƮƮ˵ϡ
ط꣬˶ܸˣﳤȴƣϳļͷЦСӣģ˻ڣɳʹߣסھ֣׶ѺˡΪЩ飬ʮֵ㡣СӣҪƽˣڳȻзչڷչǰ;
һĴǰ˳Ȼ
εľȷʵͦԩģһȰһ䣬𱻳޳ͷ䲻Ҫȥһ屨ҪڳֶͷԿĻЩСƽգǸϵ£ػˣϣȨףһ㡣
ģзִ硣
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ڻع֮ǰϳѾ˼ǹ˻ع֮ļƻ
˻ɽԱѩޣ췭ظĴѪɺӣ˼һ֮󣬻Ǿѻѹһѹƽìܣìܡ
ɱһЩɱ֮ˣҲ͹ˡ
ԩǣ̯֮֡
񱨸ͻһˣԩǣǺοࡣ
ɱˣһҲŹ޹ˣһҲԸǣ
ϳŴľɫϡ
գӰɳɵϼפصϿգڶϼ˵ͷע֮£ȥƽȵڵϡΧϼ˷׷ɢ׿
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ΧЩ˵УϳѾΪһ߸ϵĴڣûһ˵ҿ
ϳңһŲǺϤף̾һû˭˵ǵ峤
Ƭ̺峤ϲ˦Ű׻ĳӷ˹˵ĸоǲμϡ
ϲմȺٶȣߵϳ˽ǰЦϳˣ֪λǺˣѲǻڵĸˣ
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ϳ֪鷳ѾƽˣھϸڲǺϲЩ¡ϲսھֿϼԼ촦ʮ˵˵ˣ˵ʮ˶˭
ʮ֮УȻһϳĽףһλ֡
жǲģǩĻӣΪ˱޶޶˴̨ϡ
ϳϲյĻ֮󣬻۾Ĭá
˫ʱ˵״ҪԴɱ˳쾭壬ҪοЩϼ˵֮飡

ǱλʹߴߵģȻҲҪصϼ塣ϳصûãͰ״ˡ
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ұƵһ㣬𣿡ϳƽʵ
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һȥնϵĲֹ׵ͷͬʱҲնһ֮顣
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ʤ׵ͷʬ壬ͷ˻𣬺ֱ˼ʹˣŭȻֱ治塣
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ҰɡҰɡ
ϳֵȥૡ
Ҳڲϵĵõʧȥһ·õ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʧȥ˺ܶࡣ


316 
紵ˣನֹ
ַ˺ܶܶ¡
˵ʤŸ׵ʬһһҹ˿Ȱ׵ʬȻ뿪Ӵ˲֪ȥ
ֱ˵ϳһƵŮ͵ϼ壬ϳá٤Ҳľ˹ﲻˡ˫˫˴̨ϣ׵ĺ󳾡
ϳҪĸˣֻ
岢ûаλȨصһϳЩϲڵϼ飬ȡ޵ķݶϣϳû

죬ϼոһЩһȺִƴȨһãǰݼʹߣͬʱϳ̸УһЩ⡣
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콡ױ϶ͷ̨ھڶʧȥشӦɢǾ仰˷׷뿪ھ֣תͶ
ֻǸʼѣʱƣʧȥһھֻ˥ȥͺһ˵ص⵽һĲʳֻʣһ׹Ǽܡ
յĴʵѾ
͸һ˥ʮӶʮ

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ٴε٤Ļ᳤ʹºŲɣһͷụ̈ͰСձһ˫üһ׶೤ഹƵģгһϸߡ˵λѾĸˡ
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ϳҪһϯ֮أȻǼСӾܴ򷢵ģҪϼڳǻһĵλһƫһСתΪ̨Ĵ壬뵽ķƱ֮С
ǲǻһҵĳǣ۾Ҳԡ
Ȼһ֮Ҳֻ˵ԡ
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ϳ˵һܺĳ滰ţʵǲǸڱֳأ
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ⳡ̸н֮յĴȫ˾޴Ĵۣϼ˾޴ĺô
ͺñǸιӥϼͷӥιñ׳չ߷ɵһ첻Զˡ

߼֮ϳϼټ˹㳡ϣڷһøĽЩǱҪ˵ģ²졣
ϳվڹ㳡룬ܵĿϼգ۾λϼ弸ʮΪܳꡣ
ϳڼеĵλ峤ϲ֮ϣһϲնóϡ
ϳһȦڡ


317 չ߷
Ѵҽλ˵һЩӵĻһΣϼͷԵѲк󸣣Ҳһġһ٣ϼԺ϶·ԽԽʢ
ϳٻΧ֮⣬ޱ
뵱꣬ҵɨǣɨسţСС;Ưһ˵ˣ֮ȴ֪úȥδӡڹڵʱһ˹Ŀҵƻõġ˵ʵʱʮʹϼңǵҵˣǵɵˣ
ϳˣƽ
ЩʵҲϼԲĵط
Χɫ䣬ЩΡ
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ֱһص壬ټ͵ڼ̬ȲŽת䣬ĺ𽥱䵭Ѿ඼ʧˡ²׷ǺкأϾҶϣѪվˣǲҵͬ壬ҵˡڵңǵġ
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ε飬ӦѾôʶʵҪˣûʵֻ׸ȻεģѲΣϼ㹻ǿĻҸ鷳Ҳܰƽ䵽׸ıҵزʮϼ˵Ѫ񻹲ڴ̨ϣĿģ
ҲϣĲҾ緢ڶΣҪ·ͱϼǿҲóΪ֮һǰĿңԶڲͬˣΪҵĴڣһϼʢǰûеĸ߷壬һɽС
ϳƽԽԽһһлӰ죬˸ȾѪӿǿҵļԺС
һǿʢϱҫ
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ڲǰĴ׷ϼͷӦֱòֻһʼԺϼķԽԽءһҪʢ⿿ƤǲеģҪеĸ֣ϼ֮ڵĸ̫ˣ𼶲ˣҫ𼶸һûСΪڸϼҵʵλϣԺŬ
Դ棬ҲõģĴһθϼҺܶԴҩؼȵȣӦоСЩұҲṩϵİұ֤ҸṩİҪĴı
֮һɽڤ컨仨κĲȻһǰڣڻڷչÿһʱ䣬һؼһΣһЩڻڵõĺô塣пܵĻһЩ츳ӵܴ֮ܶδһƬڼʲôȱΨһȱľŬ֡ϼҽܷȫλϲŬʰߣһҪʢһ˻߼ԶԶģҪеЭС
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318 ϥ
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Ϊϳ׼ģֻһܹڣϽ峤ϲҲ⡣
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֮ǰ̸Уϳľ͸©ԼҪڤ컨ĴʾԸ⹰ãϳõ仨ʮþȵ顣
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ʵǲڶԼ׹ǰӭӣ볤ǵĵ·ͱˣһ·ͨ裬Դʿڽֵ룬ֵϰ赲ڽֱߡ
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ӣΨϳϴЦЦı飬ֱ鹫˫ۡ


323 
鹫ղſ֮ãĽ꣬ڿϳ⸱ЦǻϽ͡
̣һҪסڽȣϳĵλԶС֮ϣ֮ǰѾٵ͸鷳ˡ֮ǰǧúϴҲܰˣӰǻͳΡ
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鹫һҧ˵ðȻ뿴ңҾ͸㿴ûղŶװģҪǸңҲŲǸʲôһƽˣ˻ʲô˲ģƽƽҪҵӣƴҲͷ
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324 ɽ
Աһķˮأɽˮ֣˱ȴΪһƬĹ
ĹһһĹһ鰤һ飬ȥԾĴھֵߣ콡ҲС
߶гңһЩѪΪڷرʬıΪһ㶼ѡĹʬ
νĹʬָĹأһһڰϵĹǿյģֻһʽеĹزģʬᱻרһ͵͵ؽȥû֪ʬںδ
콡᷽ʽŵĹذ˼ݣʬͱ˱𴦣ϳҲȨʡ
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ϳ֮ⷬһҲ֣ƫͷźѪ̵ߵ߶ܽ𣿡
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ǽ֣ͬʱҲ֣ΪƷʦ


325 Լ
Ʒʦֵ֪ҩ涾²öҲҪһЩⶾıԱʱ֮衣
Ѫ֪йߵ飬ֶȷʵеĶ޽⡣
ܡ֣ϳŵķʵνⶾ
һҩɽⶾܼ򵥡Ѫµ
˵ĶԻЦһɬҺγ֪ߵĶܽ⣬ҵǸͨˣߣܲסҩҩܰⶾóڤ컨ͬʱԶ˫л
жͨˣǾͲˡѪҡҡͷߵĶǾ綾ⶾĵҩ̺ǿҩҪжҩͨжµҩ޷ⶾᱻҩײ
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仨֮ǰìܣԭҶµĹǡժ˭ʤ͹˭Ĺعƽܹܣأ˻ڣ˶㣬Ĵ㲻սֱӰѻø㣬ҲͶỨĻᣡҲģĲģԽ˵Խ嶼ڷ
ϳеĴƿλڼ˴ƿæԭΪ¸еޣܺýҿԴӦվɣͱ䣬󣬹ƽ˭ʵǿ˭Ͱڤ컨ߣҪĽɣ
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ڳһڵĸʱϹӣǶԲû뵽Ǽһ˵죬Ȼڤ컨в㣬ԼĹ⣬˲֪飬ôġ㲻ҪǨŭڣ¸ں޸ϵ
ˣˣֻõڤ컨֦ղŵ飬Ҳ׷ġ㣬֮ǰǼµıʲô˭μӣϳǴ˶ԷĻȻ󵥵ֱʵ
ܼ򵥣ʱ䰲ڤ컨ĵ죬ʱҪһһ䡣ڤ컨ˣҪͨʮͬɽ·ɽЩɽ·;ϲΪÿɽ·ϲһɽڰ·˾͵һۡɽʤɽȻɽ·ϲΪԴƣܹɽֻһ˭ܳΪӮңͿ԰ڤ컨ժߡ
Ҫժ˾ֹʮѣʮɽ·𣿡
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ڸһЦ͡
һ죬ɽ··Ƿģÿһ·ֻһʸȥһȥ˾Ͳٴͬ·ɽˡҪժжٸɽֻʮһСҪռһɽ·ɽʸҪôʵҪôûе㱾ǲеġ
ˡϳͷɽ֮ǰҪһδɳϺз̭ʮ
ɽ򲢲ϸ񣬵ʱʲô˭Ҳ˵׼пܴһͰסˣѪбռɽ·ҲпˣҪһսܾѡ
Ĵ֮⣬ЩҪժ
ĴȻռͷҲһЩСĥһЩҲȾָڤ컨
ɽϴ˺ܾãɽϵľָƣЩǿľߴͷβһ顣
ЩУһɫҫ𼶣е˼ʮϼһеĺ֮㣬е似ǿеĻһЩƫŵֶΣûһǰ׸ģȫڵĶ֡
е˻ɵϳĻڣãҲˣᱻȻסǻϳĵס
ҪӮⳡɡ
ϳ֮ǰܹڶҫ𼶸֣ҫеķ֮δڵĶִܲӮǸδ֪
ҪʮþȣͻƵҫ𼶣ֻҪ̤ҫ𼶣ڵĶ֣ҲȻ壡
ϳ¶ġ
࣬ڽ𼶾ɱҫ𼶣ҫ𼶿϶øֲɨɽ⡣

־Ҫж
ϳһϵеİţĴ˶෽Ľ棬Ĵǿڤ컨ıʩٳ⡣
ΪԷһѪ´Ӧɽڤ컨ĶһǾͳһʧˡϳԴȻм
ڤ컨ϳûǣңһͷʱסʼͷҫ𼶷
һ쿪ʼһͷβˣÿʳһһ붼Ը˷ѡ
ϳԼƶƵƻÿ춼ʲô೤ʱ䣬ȫš
棬ֹޣľ
ˣ
ˣ

ʱƣϳľ˫Ŀգĳ˳Ⱦ̨һߴ׵ĽɫΡΡȻ绪ǣʱƮɫҶƬۼ
ϳ׳Լͬʱֳһϵת˽䡣
ָүӿɳ˯öˡ
ͻȻת˽дһ޵Ĳ


326 Ƶ
ܵɲϳһһϲ
ĪǶˣ
һ£
ϳԣǷǳĴڣʦѣ೤౦
үӣ𣿡ϳ
ȻղŵĲֻת˲ţ֮ҲûгֲûеõĻӦ
ϳԸʧ
һͷ붫ӦòԶˡ
ùָһѵġϳ૵
һʱ䣬ϳľоƣòֹͣ
ϸصţǰʱסĵңͷųڼ̳һ̤뵽ܽ磬⴦һµ˳һЩ塣
ܽڵããҰС
ϳϵ񱼣ˢԼٶȣ;ӡû£ȴĿ磬һ·ĳɳ
ֿ񱼱Ҳһ
ñǵˮʯҪһһεĻۣ۳޾
ȫ򲻶ΣԽԽ١ϳһ˺һ·ڵµ塣
ಣ
ϳεյϷһ屻նУϳ˹ȥءһǳɣϳĵȻڰٱϻУͺδγ
һӣϳһȺɢ塣
ȺΪ׵һĶһúײ˫Ŀֳ֮ɫ
ǱڿߵģѾûôҲûƣڻҰеܣѰʳԼĿꡣ
ܽǣһȺʵڣżһܴ
ϳٴΰεʩչǰĹһʽһ嵽ǰɲǼ䣬ʮʮͬһϣ֮ӡ
ۣ
ܳסǿĹƣһնɱøɾ䡣
ϳ֪ԼĹһֻǸΣĵúԶÿоʽղһооĳɹ
֮ǰʽͬһĺСһ־Ϳ߱ʵԡ
ȻСζСбס
ϳһʤ浶ߣʼոΧЩС·һɫĻ֮ſɱ֮УȻУɶ칤
⵭ȥ֮ڶ׷׵أһƬ
ϳרõĴʬͳͳܽͺñĺ԰ȻҪɨøɸɾ
ɱ壬ϳûǰߣߵ̫Զʱ䡣ԭأڻҰпʼ֮ܽ۳һ磬ΪӵԿµĵâ
ǣ
ǣ
Х䡣
ϳ̤գα䣬һâĿ϶дͬʱһãεľ޴ӭµ׵硣
׵Ȼײ˫˫ըγ˻⡣
ϳ춷׵綷ٶվǱ׵Ҫʱ׵Уܵشҧ֧ţƶ
ַܶˣһδĥеõɱɳһЩ׵ţٶȱ׵ƵԽԽ죬Ҳǿ
ԿУϳȻһµĵУʩչ˳Եе
һڹһ֮ϣϳĵȻҪԴΪġ
ϳȻסΣһ泯죬һԵأͷųԼǣΧķɳʯһӳɳʯۣΪһɳ֮
ͬʱһ׵統ͷ䣬Ƶ
ȥ
ϳһٵֱ̲񷣬Χʮɳ֮϶Ϊһ׵磬ײڰձ
һϳһжϡ
ΧõĶ۵Ȼһںϣ˼·У㲻Ͼͷĥĥ
ϳȥ׵׷ծ
Զ
ϷѩԼٻŮ˺¡µһԼ˶һۣ¶Ц
湻ƴġٻ̾Ϣ
ϲƴʱӣоرšϷѩ
ȻҲϲˡ
õǶ仨κĸ׵Ĳ֮ӦûŻһЩƴˡ
ϣһ˳ɡ
ġϳ˶ͦˣһο϶Ҳƽ¡

ŮңԶȻϳȴϵϳ

ɽԶԶһɽϡ
ɽܸߣĿԶĻܹɽѵߣԿɽϵӰ
ɽۼ˼ˣңԶɽҰнš
ôɽȻֻΪһС
Ƕ仨ˣˮһա
ɣ仨дã仨֮ˣ̽ǵʵ֮мϼһܶûгֹˣʵΣǸδ֪
ߣǿҲǿĶȥûһǴĶ֡
ܵġ
ɵˣǲ֮أɽĲָΪҪ
ģһ˳Ѿˣ״ԽԽ𱬡
ܺãʹ԰ɡ
ˣͿˣٹãͻɱ֮
˵Ⱥе䣬ͬʱҲһλ
ƾۼ·Ԥʾʲô

ʱƣڤ컨֮ԽԽ
ͬʱϳҫҲԽԽ
ͺһʱܣͿ˭һյ㡣
죬ϳһĵԺ͸Χɽصǧ
ͨЩʱһЩеϸڣҲܼУʹ߻ϡ
һЩȻйص似йص似ôġ
ϳܿǵע⡣
һλ˳ûǰԺţ٤ĪУһݱϣ֪Ϲܷһ
ϳܺãټ϶Է˵ÿһִԺšһĪǸӣеȵģòΪĺƣĿ峺ϣò˷С
Īп첽ǰϳʩĪУóȻ߶ţӼ¡
˵ɡʲôĿġϳֱӵ
ӴˣҵĿȷʵֻѣ֮ұ֤뿪˵ϻ鷳ӡ
Ŷôһ˵е˼ϳ¶ζ֮ɫüҪʲô
һΪɵĵҩĪ˳
ɵ
ϳһ˼úİƺǰЩϼ˵ûе¡
ɵһµҩҩЧʮ棬û˵ҲֵҩǷǳЧһЧǿߵʵһЧǸ˴Ŀ֣ƮƮ֮Сɵһ˶Īнܵ
ҩܴʲô֣ϳеѽ⡣
˵˵ģֻֿ֪Ҫ͵ʮɵҪǸȤϾʱһΣ֤⡣
ĪкЦȡһƿҩ˫ַϣƿźֽֽд֣ɵ


327 ɵ
Ī˵ϳɵ˼ֺ棬ǲЩҩ
ֶ̣鲻ֵǷ
һƿҩҪǮѣ˵ʵۡϳ
ӲʼۣТġĪЦ
ĨǣҪֺңҴùϵǾʱشʲô˵ʲôĨֻҲá
úúãȻˣҾֱ˵ˣһɵֻһǧңʮҲһҶѡ
һǧҶһ˲󣬵ڴ󲿷˵Ǻܹģûöˡ
ӷģɵۣͯҩЧֵۡ
ղᵽ˵ʵ٣
˵ˣҪ˶졣
ģɣ֤ҩЧһ㡣ϳ΢΢ҡͷȡһƱĪУƿҩ򿪸š
磬ζŨ
ҲҪĵҩǮţƴǣѵҩȥŰߡУҩʲô⣬ø𡣡
ϳ˵ɷн£Ǿ档
Īæĵı֤ҩ԰ȫտƾĻȻܾš
Ī֮ϳɵɽɵʸƷʦѪ¼
ѪùҩһȻƽҩ޶ԷķáɵȻµҩҲ֪Ǻ˷ĺܹ㷺ҳԹ
ҩЧΣϳʵ
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˵Ҳˡ
һʵ޷мǲҪԣǳϣ׳У԰Ρɵģͷܴ־ᶨ˸ֿסԴɵѾкܶɵÿҪһ;ûڡһЩɵˣΪʱǮһЩľٶ٣ƭƣɫ伫
ôأ
ϳһ
ԭССĵҩȻħ
ϳһæŸ飬޵׶ޣȥܽ紳ǱĴƵģûйڹڽڷ鲢Ǻ˽⣬ǵһϸ˵йɵ顣
ʵɵ˾֪ˣɵʤϳ֮ǰڼ˵ҩΪļҲ˷ɵ
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ʮҩ٤ҵģεӮӦþǰɣϳʵ
˵٤ֻǴṩɵˣ٤ֻǴгȡһٲǮɵƵĶ֪
˵Ͼֻ˵Ҳֻ٤ڹʲ󡣡
Ͳö֪ˡѪϳôѵһɵ£
ҿûǸģֻǾú棬ʶѡڵõڤ컨֮ǰҲΪġϳҡҡͷ񶨵
ϳصԼסһȡɵ
ǳɫСҩɢŹƻĵջ
һԣҵҪνɵжô档
ϳվûֵܵסģеɵһȥ
ҩ븹ܿ췢Чɢ˿˿ҩ֫ٺϳֻһᣬԴһ飬бü񣬸о
һ̣ɣԶƮƮԽԽߡǰԺиֻ󣬿νʲôʲô
ҪоԼΪݺǿյľǿߣּǳ
ҪŮˣ־ŮŤ֫һֿɼޱʵ
ҪƸֱӵ¡
ҪȨֱʶ
ָо̫ˣ˴оϲãƮƮɡ
ǺǣǺǡϳɵЦ˼ȥץǰĻʲôûץȴӦĴС
ͺǻһˣһͷףܿﶼġ
ָֻо˺һʱˣϲֹȻûˣϳǾ̩ͨӣ˴һ΢Ŀ״̬
ȣ
ϳһȭڰдһˣΪ֮һӸожϣȭͷƺǰǿˡ
ָоǰδУѹô񫣬ɵȷʵв֮ٳһ
ϳȡҩƿĿƵĿƿϵ֣һƮƮɵо
ָолŮӴ̼ԡ
У
ϳ˸飬Ȼѹϵ֮ɫʧ
ǿ־ȻҲȳ˸Ӽᶨᱻҡһֻ֮׷ʵ翵Ļ롣
ɵڴˣƱػӰ쵽ʱʲôͻҫ𼶣ʲôڤ컨ʲôĸף
ϳĿ絶ϣȻһҩƿʣľɵԻΪ촷ۡ
ɵЧжôԺٳԵڶ
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ͬʱҲһоɵĿ¡
ɵЧ̫ǿˣҶЩƲסԼ־˳ɵ϶ģֵҩʵں˲ǳзɵȥܻܿǳˣ
ϳԽԽò
ҪǸڶȡڤ컨˳ɻָԤйɵ£˭ֹɵƹ㷷

ɵĳ֣ϳһ˿ת˲ţָܿƽ
ϳÿ찴ͰΪվҫԽԽ
һ֮󣬾ڤ컨Żʣʮҵʱ䣬ʱѾ൱ˣϳҲͻҫ𼶵ż
µʱ䣬ӽ۷һٶȾϷɿˣ˦ųɵߡ
ϳ֮ô죬Ŷ෽ء
ǳڣι棬ټ̫ϵȸ߼ҩٶ벻춼ѣѹҲ˼Ķãиá
ѹж
ϳڽ쳢ͻơ
¹ش֮ǰҪ׼
ɽϡ
δʹҴҫ𼶣ϣܰæϳ
оԼҪͻˣѪĿһʵ
һоϣܳɹ
ҫһˮ룬ֹڴˣкܶͻʱɡȷʵҪ˰æ¾Ͱϰɡţŵ㣬԰ͻơ
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ϳһӰ࣬кѪ°æͿȫͻˣʲôùܡ
ҺѪ°æǵһ£ϳеڶҪ


328 ҫ
ڶǷһ棬ᡣ
ϳѪ˫˫ɽߵɽʱϳͣһŴɽĸλѣʱͷųŨҲҪᡣ⹦ͷųϵ⣬벻ҪҵݣҾ壡
ףڰը죬˷ֻҪӣһõ
ϳΪ˱鷳ȡ
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ͻʱѹƲסдйȥŨ̶
˵һ£ΧͻȻȻᡣ
ǰ˵һʹͬˡ
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˵Ĺйأȷ¡
ֻһЩûҪɣҲ̫Լˣ˭ںû
ߣйصĹ϶аѹٶô죬ԭߵа
幦Ī⣬߻ħڷޣͼȥˡȴһЩ

۷׷ףһЩ˵Դζ

ڡ
ϳһҫ𼶷
Һᾧ飬֣࣬졣
ߵĽһѭ򽥽磬Ӧ
𼶶Ӧ飬ҫ𼶶Ӧ֣ںķ붴죬Ȼǿ󲻿˼顣
ӳ鵽֣һѵḶ́ҪתΪϢ֡
ϳ۵ֽȻͬͻѶҲ֮ѶȲ࣬ϡ
Ϊӳɹİգϳȡһͼĵҩһȥ
Ʒҩתֵͻҫ𼶴аϳܽջıҩ֮һ
ҩϳİһɣѾѵˡ
黯֣
ϳڳ̬˫ýӡø߶ڵʹŸ߼̬ת䡣
ϳڵڲﵽһٽ㣬Ψвܵ
ڴ߶֮£ʼ仯ѭ֮ƣʼٵתתԽԽ졣
̺֮תͷųһĲ·еУܡ
תٴﵽһ̶ʱ˽һı仯תͬʱһΪģиΧתͺǳй켣һ㡣
תѭϣСͣͬԡ
תֵ׶οʼЧҩ˳ע뵽֮УƲá
ת֮£ʼ𽥷ֽ⿪֮ǰĹ̷豹棬ǻΪ壬ŻΪҺ壬ٽŻΪ壬ֱԭʼ
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һ֮أҪ߳ںһ𣬴һصġ֡
ҪָͨΪǿ󣬻߱ǶĻɹܹ֮ǶÿǶһǿһ
ǶĶǸ߼֪
һϳ֮ϵת۵㣬ʧܵĻСɹĻʵһأƽ֮·
ǳ棬ɰڴһ١
һѵ㣬ѵһʲͬų⣬ѵںϹлܵľʹ
ںϿʼɲǣʹӿϮ絶һ㣬ֺһ
ȻϳҲûֵܵסɾʹ

ϳĲҽȻҧأͷ͹𣬱鶼ЩŤˣ졣
һ׽ţƵıǽ赲Ҳڲס

𣬻ۿɼɺɫϳڵסӶ
Ũ̶ȣ

ΧǧƵߣȫܵɵΪ֮һ󾪺
˲Ӱ죬ƾ𼶵һЩ߸е־壬һЩܵĲ
ϳ֮ǰ⡣
⡢ŨȻҵ巢
ֲϳҪǰ֪֪ĻһΪ͵Ϯᷢɧҵġ
ĵʲôҲ̫аˣ
ҽӴһЩйصĹûŹŨֱˡ
£̫ˣԶһ㡣
˲ҽУƺǳʹ࣬ΪΣò߻ħ˰ɣ
пܣ
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ݶ֮ϡ
Ѫ˫ۣ΢΢üͷ۽ߣȻҲȳ˸߳һȡ
Ĺֻ²ֹҫ𼶣пʥ𼶵ġаŹҪŨҲѣѡȻ˲ҽУϵϢûбӦûʲô£ʱòŵġϢͻȻǾΣˡ
Ѫд⡣
һֻм볬Ȼѧʥ𼶹ϰʥ𼶹ҪԵ
Ѫ¼ʶ㣬ܹжϳʥ𼶹ȴжϲϳ޵ǺֹЩ⡣

ڣϳΪͻƶŬţͼ뵽֮С
̳ɾʹƵϳҽУʹȥ
õҩں̶ܴʹǵҩҩпܻӰ쵽ںϣϳ֮ǰתֵ֮⣬ʲôҩҳԣֻҧӲ
סһҪסֻһЩƤ֮ѣ˶ˣܱͷܣֻҪŹȥǺգ
ϳһֿʹ
ʹʹʹ
̣̣̣
֨
ϳҪѪӴ˳ĺˮ͸ɢĸֲǷޱȣ·ԡ
ϳȱٱʼտ֧ţϷҲܷ
ᶨģǿһΰĴæһͦ˹ûбʹ塣
ܲס˹гִǾ̽ˣ롣
ҽصܣͷƤ飬˸޷ϳڵ
ϳ̤ŵȼ棬ǰ
Ҳ֪˶ãڿྡ
ʹȥ
ȶȻںһң㣬Ҳֱ˴ˡ
ûг׽
ɹһ֮ң


329 ǧ
һһš
һҪתΪ̬ұһ¥
Ѷȣһ֮ǰҪһЩϳǲҵģɱŸ߶Ƚ״̬﷭
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һתΪ˹̬γһԲƷŵתַתϢ̰Ȼ
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ѹأ۳ɹγ˽ʵʵĹ̬Ĺ󣬱֮ǰۼ
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Ѱϳȭͷϱը򵥵һȭȴ˾˵ըһҡ
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꣬ꡣ
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ڵϳͺʮʮɵڣޱȣꡣ
ڵϳ֮ǰǿ̫ࡣ
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һתϢתгϵµ֮󣬺ָܻܿ
ڶҫԼӵĸٻͷ޴ϡ
־ٻҫ𼶱ޡ
֮ܶҫ֮󣬷涼űǿ
ͻƵҫˣÿİ
ϳ˷ۻ˵ӡ

һʯǧˡ
ݶ
Ѫ¸ڴϢ΢΢ݡ
ͻƳɹˣʽҫ֮УʵȻ˺ܶࡣǰҿɻڿ¾ûôˡ̶µʱ䣬ͻͽ֮ľ롣Ľٶʵڿ¡
Ѫ±ϳһ·׷ϣѹȸС
û˻ϲֱ׷ϵĸо
ѾܶûиܵѹȸˣҵñǰŬС
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찡һ£ڽʱܻҫ𼶣ҫ𼶣Ǹӿֲ
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֮ǰɢ˴ɢǲһЩ΢ı仯оʮ⡣
ϢùŹ֣
ٹҪժˣϳʵǣʱȻһкϷˡ
ߣүǾȻͻƳɹˣΪ߻ħء
˵硣˵ʲôĶС
֮ǰһЩۺϳС˶ЩʧϳߵøԶˣվǸ󼰵ĸ߶ȡǰʣԺӼʡ

ϳͻƲɽˣҲ˸ԶһЩˣΪͻʱֳĶʵ̫ˣǲҽǲ
Զһɽϡ
һȺĲ֮;ۼڴˣй۲ɽķƱá
ǱͻˣͻʱȻܲһҫߡ
ߣֶһ֣ǿɶ񡣡
ͻƵƺϳҸղϡ֡
ϳĺ֮㣬ǸǱڵв֮ǰǰŹһΰɱϧִвӹһ١
ɳȥԺܻ鷳Ӧþ
ڻֵʱ򣬲Ϊһ˶˴֣ȵսʱʰҲ١
ڱݷ
ƾʥΪһܻе֣һѩǰܡ
ԣڴһܾˡս֮ܣһֻء
ΪԵڡ
һĺ壬ֻдӱŻ֮Ϊ¡

һرϳͻһ¡
һªվһݶϣңϳڵķݣˮüͷ
ڵĵڶŸ֣ʵţء֮ͬڣĻܴ󲿷ֵĵˣͬĵѹһͷ
Ϊģ֮ǰ飬Իٵڤ컨вϳӦ֮ǰıΪԼܹͨڤ컨κð޵Ĳ
ڣܵ˶ҡ
ϳȻͻˣ
ϳ츳ܹڶҫ𼶸֣Գȡǰ͹ǿˣοͻƵҫ𼶡һڤ컨ϼˡ
˴սȭͷ
ɲΣҶһҪڤ컨κСĲ
ġ
밮йɽ˺ģܸĴۣҪѰκá˵ϳͻƵҫ𼶣ϳʥ𼶣ҲԷǻμӱժ߾ȫȥս
صԼķ䣬˷ţߵ˰ߡ
һڱףˮ̶ɣⶼɢźСڱ֮У˫ۣɫֳжļһ㺮˪
ḧűף͸͸Ĺ׸İޣĿˮ
С
Ź֮˵֣ȴòκλӦ
֣֮ͷ
ھˣʱո¶ͷǣأνޡ
κҲȱ㡣
ªһЩ廹Ҫʵ˲Ҳ̶áΪϵܵ˵ļ
һЩҩֶΣǿԸıòģ˳һЩִⲻϸıòΪ巢֮ĸ׸ı䡣
ǾǿҲڸЩòȡ˵ļһ
˷ǲľ飬һͣȻ˭Ҳܱ⡣
һЩ֮󣬿ܹҵһİŮ֮Ϊκʵ̫֮ûһŮϲʾãҲֻҪѣమһЩĻŮƭ֮ͬĻˣҲѰδİ¡
һѪͻȻ뿪ڣݣص·˰ٱϻԼװһͨˡ
ϣЩĵŮˣֻϣһమŮˣҲͳ׷ˡ
ȻСһʵũŮòôĵʱΪСļ﹤ũһȥ˾ʶˡ
СԼļ˲֪ݣΪֻǸƯͨСӣֻһЩһü˵ũ
˺ܿ׹밮ӣݰǴģûܵκĸšСԣߣţֻˡ
СĵֻôһŮҪҸŵŮգʵɿʹӦŻ¡
ɻ鵱죬һЩ۵ŮĲûУŮ͸һͷţûʲô
ЦЦչ¶ݣɢѹŵû


330 Ƕٻ
Сļ֪ԭ꾹Ȼһߣڵĺĵӣݸ߸ϣ
ݣ˭Сƣ
˳˳İˣСϲͬġ
СҸҲСҸ
ߣ˻һֱҸȥһ
飬ɹ
ΣҲҪȻС
ϳ̫ǿһЩֶΣºӮʱֻҩȡʤˡ
ȡһСƿϣ˴ƿеĽɵҩϡ
ǷҩʵڶʱڱһأҲḶӦĴۣһҹͷһͷӣԪֻٻꡣ
Ϊ˾ȻСȻͷҲĸԸ

κһͻƵҫ𼶣еĴϲ£ζſһԽżվ˸֮С
˽ϳסΧ㣬ȫϳϲ׼˺񡣶кѪڣסЩˣûȥϳЩֻ棬ϳ
һʱ䣬ϳƿԺţǰͻƵҫ֮˴ﵽⶼ˺ܴת䣬ϵϢǿ࣬˫Ŀ磬ͣͶ㶼͸С
˿治١ϳۼ˺΢΢һЦ
첽ǰһЦ׷׵ϲ
ϲϹͻƵҫ𼶡
٤һ⣬Цɡ
ϲϲ
˵˵ȥȫƵĿ׻
ϳӦһӣ˶ˣһԾݶϡϲȴݶϵĺѪµл
ллδʹæϳЦ
Ѫ½ϳۣͷǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ȳ㣬֪֮вࡣ
ȥԲ໹ж֪ڵʵΣҲ֪Լ׷˶١
δʹдһ£

֮áϳȻӦ
˵ƿȥǰԶĻҰڻҰõĵ뽣һ
ǰдʱȫǺѪڵָϳȫˣѪ޷ǰɣҪó汾²ܻϳ
֮ĲС˺ܶࡣ
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ѪɫӵҲԶˡ
δʹǫˣ֮Ĳ໹Ǻܴ󡣡ϳЦ
һ׷ϣ˲СѹǺ£ܴʹҷܽ
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ϳ˻ȭͷЦδʹҪ˦ңټһѾΪҵʵڶڻһ̨ס
ոͻƣҲȣٶǿʵѪü
һҵĹϻнأٻµıˣ¾ɽ棬ʵȻ֮ǿ
ϳıҫ𼶵ˣٻ±ҫ𼶣ʵȻ̫ΨԽٻܲʵķԾ
Ѫ¿ϳҰģ˵θڵǲС
Ѫıֻһʥ𼶣֪Խٻʥ𼶱޵ļжôã
ٻޣȼԽߣԽٻļʾԽС
ͭʱԽٻѣʱԽٻҫ𼶾Ѷˣʥ𼶸ϼѡ
ҫߣֻҪһʥ𼶱ѾĵˣúܶۺĽ

ɽ·ϣϳָϵת˽䣬Խٻ̡
Ҵҵȥ˯ܶ໰ûнҲ֪˯ڼ䣬ת˽᲻ЧЧǶڵٻֻϳԼˡ
үӣ㵽Ҫ˯°
ϳһ䡣
ȥ֮ϳսܽ磬ԼͻƵҫ𼶵ĺϢ˼ˡ֪Ϣµ˶ܸˡ
ϳʵӮڤ컨İվ͸ˡ
仨ڱصãһҪŪ֣

С
ϳԪҩ֣ȹסͻ֮ΪΪǶ˻
֮ǰѪ˵ԼĹнأָľǶÿǶһʵͻһء
ܹؾǼޣͻƳڣֻǶһΪǶ᲻ӡ
ϳȡֱֵУȫ𼶵ŲͬЧ
һȽϳЧӰ˵ѪʹѪӿֱӱ
һڲȷ棬һֱȽϺ壬ϳ֪֮٣жϲЧ
Ȩϳѡ˱Ƚ֪֪׵ĵһȥ
ǣۣ뵽֮УƮת֡
ϳ֣ͣʹ䰲һԵǶСֲһų⣬ϳѹȥ
˳Ƕ֣Ϊеһ֣̺עС
䣡
ϳϱ֮ǰΪŨԡں֮УͷĿһ֮С
ںϹһǶһϵȻء֮⣬һӰ죬ʹ鸡һЩ
Ƕ
ؼأǶԽ࣬˵ӰԽпʧȥңΪ壡
Ҫ鷢ӵǿӰ죬߼ǶҪǶ̫ࡣ
ĿǰֻǶһϳܳܣתľľ֮˺ܿ侲
Ƕž͸ٻˣϣٻʥ𼶱ޣ岻󡣡
ϳɵĽһ뿪޵סǰ˿տĻҰһյؿʼٻ
һֱܹӵеͷޣܹʥ𼶱ޣʵԸĻᣡ
ҫٻһҪң൱ٻ
ϳƴ֣ҶҲСĿÿһٻȥ˴ѵǮ
ٻҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ϳȡһޣȡһʣʲϣȡ̺
ﴢһңܹתΪʲ棬ԽתƵ֮Уݡ
һССʮҵ㹻ҫٻˡ
ϳγʣջٻһһճķɷģĹ󷨣󷨹ͨ硣
һյĿռ֮ͨͣһͷٻ˳
ϳĿƵıޡ
ͷһͷɫĴԳͷа֮ߣëᣬһ͵ıޡ
վԳҫ𼶱ޣһ㣬ҷۡ
ϳҡҡͷԥĽվԳŻ硣
ಣ
ɫĴͷƾʧҲ֮
ϳѹûָһξٻʥ𼶱ޣԲûʧܹĵĻһٻ
һٻıβҫ𼶱ޣһһ֣ӦҪһء
ϳҡҡͷһδεٻһδεʧܡ
׻ʳξ޻ӥƾ桢ѵغɡҫҫҫҫ
ϳһٻʮΣٻȫһɫҫ𼶱ޡ
ʮҾˮƯ
ϳÿҲеˣ˯֮ת˽ʧȥЧ
ٻͲŽһͷʥ𼶱޶ٻ
ϳîˣӣ󣬼Ǯٻ
һδٻޣֳ˲СĶ˺ܶ˵ע⡣һЩ߷׷׿֣Ҫٻʲôޡ
෱࣬ʷ׳ʣԼٻһȤۿٻҲһȤ
ҫٻ޲ٻʲôޡ
ղѾٻöˣһҲûĪǵٻʥ𼶱ޣ
пܡ
λûȤһѣׯϳܲٻʥ𼶱ޣעʮҷⶥܣһĲܣһһ壡
⣬֣˿ׯϳܲٻʥ𼶱ޡ
ϳЩԹߣٻޣƵʮһٻ


331 
ٻɣͨ磬һٻ˱ޡ
ˣ
âԳһͷƬͻɢ֮
һεٻһεϣɻصĽȴһεʧܣٻıۻһͨͨҫ𼶱ޡ
ְ׻ˡ
ϳЩָۣеۻ
ٻΣÿһٻĶʥ𼶱ޡʧôΣ׼Ҳ˼ʧС
ʵҲ㲻ʧܣϾÿζȷʵٻ˱ޣֻٻ޷ѡ
У˷Ǯˣһͨҫ𼶱޲ϿλȻٻɡ
ϳѡʱ㽵һҫ𼶱޲ȱ˹ȥ׼޽ԼڹϣһϤȻΪ֮һ
ͨͨҫ𼶱Ҫã޽Լֱӹϼҡ
Ƕ
ϼһˣ
ȻϳĶУȴһ㡣
ϳһתΪϲ£мʵүˣ
˯ˣڼһֱùҵ壬ҲôѹȻĻ˯¶пܵġ
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ǵȻı¿תˣٻıޣĿұ졣ϳˣͱƽʱ࣬
֪˼ҵͺã֮Ի÷ˮһĹҵġ
һĹųɹͶģͷҾҸλ㹩
ûʲôλ
ոһһСͶƤӣС
˼䣬ع⣬˵֮ǰʱһֱǰ˯ѣһЩľ󲿷Ҷ콡˶ӵȣǿƻعƽһССʱ仹ǵ
˯ʱȷʵ˺ܶ£ֺ£Ҳл¡ϳ̾һ
ȥĶȥˣ󲿷ֵҶﲻæܼɡʲôԺʱģٻޡүһŬȥٻתˡ֮ǰùңָҵһЩܰۼǿˡ
ģ
Ȼģүʲôʱ򴵹ţ
Ǻǡ
Цƨ
˵˵ֿʼ졣
죬¹¡
ת˽䰵ϳıģһλٻ󡣶Ҳûţ߶֮ǰ䡣
ʱϳڤڤ֮Ӱ쵽˺ܶ಻ɲˡ
󷨻ɣϳһ֮ϣٻЧ
ֺ֣ڴһ٣үӣˣϳ
ģٻıޱ֤
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ٻâʢһӰֶҲһ˵ĸ߶ȣΪ޶ǺСˡ
ôС
ϳһ㶣Ϊٻһء
Ӧиղٻļҫ𼶱ޣһȫǴһڵϾ͸Сɽ¡
Ǻʵһ׼ԡ
ϳϸۿ³ֵıޣ֮󣬵һ
ͷһߣ˵ò԰׵ĽϽһֻɺĶۣӸ͵ֻﳤ˼ݡͷǺëҲǺëͺһë׵·һɹɺɫɢɫ˸еʮֵĲʣ䣬пᣬһɷЩơ˫ִָ࣬ÿָϳڵָס
ͱޣ
ǧǧ򣬻ʲôУаżһαޣξ͸ƣ˫˫ţζŮ֮
⵽ǡޡǡˡԹۣȻ磬ڱ룬ֱӳΪ޾ǡ
ǰǵ͵ͱޡ
ɢųԽҫ𼶱޵ǿϢһ̩ɽѹѹȸУ·춼ҪˣﶼΪ֮
ҫ𼶱޹Ȼǿ󣬵֮ǿϢѹ
Ҳ˵
ʥ𼶱ޣϳ˫һʵ
ϽһһͰԽٻɹˡµòȷʵʥ𼶱ޣʵԶҫ𼶱֮ϡ
ҿʥ𼶱޵ͼףȴδ
ʥ𼶱޶ˣûҲֽ۷ħǸƫڵսıޣƾһֵ֮ܵʵһҫߣܽ߸ǲڻ¡
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ʥ𼶱вġȻ
ã²˳٣͸޽ԼϳԸԳæǰȥְ˶۷ħĶͷ֮ϣҲ֮עȥ
۷ħų⣬ֿϳȻϳǿҲδƣ˽֡
Զ˽һĻУһȻ󲨡
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⡢ͱ޵Ϣҫ𼶻Ҫʤһѵʥ𼶣
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ȷʵܺãڽ𼶵ʱٻһҫ𼶱ޣӦٻ˳
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۷׷ףһЩʵõˣܵ۷ħ壬Ȼܵĺһξ룬̫
ϳ۷ħһϴ߸·һεӣڽ۷ħˣ˳޽һԼ
Լһʽݣһϳĵһ˶۷ħϣ˫ӹϵ
һɼϢӿϳԺ
ڻػͷųĺڻֺڻҪѰĻ¶ȸߣԷپ޷ˮˮ֮󷴶յøҪϨڻֻܵȺڻľϨ𣬻߶һЩֶϨ̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ
˲ɱƶĹʽڵӦ֮ǰͽɱ̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ
ڹգڻ֮ữΪɫĹâմͷţҫ֮ԻΪɻҡ̬ƣ̬ʹôһһΡ
״̬۷ħһսͻἤԴڱܵķ֮սӦĴʧȥǣԲٿأٷߵսʱԽãͻԽֱ뱩״̬̬ƣ̬ʹôޡ
״̬۷ħ񵽼֮ͻᱩߣԽսȫʧȥǣκΧһ鵱ɵˣսɱ¾ֱսΪֹ״̬£޷Ҳ޷ջء̬ƣ̬ʹôһΡ
ϳϸһ¶۷ħļϢĵطҲʧ֮


332 ڶͷ
۷ħȻʺϵսıޣеļֻ̬ܶʩչ״̬ûκ
ڻػ˲ɱԼڹգܶǹܣ൱ס
״̬Լ״̬ܾе˾ˣײΰļܣôǿսʧȥƣ£õҲ֣
۷ħﲻи衱֣ȷʵܷ
ϳСʹͷʥ𼶱ޣʱͷųȥʱջʱױߣҪı
úˣһˣҲʯͷԼĽš
ǸֵĴͷսӹɣսԱӦǿϳͷЦĿŶ۷ħ
۷ħ죬һ࣬Ҳʾ
ϳʼΪ۷ħΣΪһƴķɵõѡ
۷ħûбϵļܣγɵЩߣγɷɵոպãҪʱֱ˦ɳȥ÷ɵ˵УûУԭα¶ֱӲս
ĺôշ磬ʹ䡣
һ˸ߵı޲Σ˰ƴķɵϬǺɫģ滹һֻ۾·
ϳµֵķɵ˼£жڰջ˱Ĺ켣ͷʥ𼶱ޣҪӦߣ࣬ڻ¡ûκɵ͹ǿˣܳΪҵһ
ʥ𼶱ȻǿǶıˣӵбһȵıޡ
绢
һҪ㻹ٲüٻȡٻһͷʥ𼶱޳
ԣ
ϳڴˡħȡʣٻ
һٻûԽɹٻֻͨҫ𼶱ޡ
ϳӽһδεĻ
ֻٻ֮һԽɹٻ˵ڶͷʥ𼶱ޣ
ˣ
ٻзɳһֻۼĺɫչа˰׿˫ſƣաǺɫëβëر޳ĩ˵ëĴǺɫģǲɫģΪԴòƺÿͷ϶ڣڵθͬ
ͷ죬߾ȣëһֻԴķˣ
һͬʥޣ˵ޣ
ԭʼķϵʥޣҪһЩˣӦǸӣһ֣ʥޣǰͷȻǷ˵һ֧
ϳһȻǰһͼףһͼľһֻͷˣǰıһģһ
ʥˣ
ϳޱȣѿڶ
ΪΪˣʥʥ𼶱޵һ֣ӵжܣǸ͵ıޡʥʥսƽƽڸ棬һָͨ츳ܽһ˵ʵࡣ
ֵʥҪղŵĶ۷ħ
ҲżСӵ۽ǰˣûϴȷʵʥˣһַǳʥ𼶱ޣ޽Լ˷ʱ䣡
ȥϳ˳Ӧһ
ȨŻϵޣڳһԼλȻһԾ˸߿Уְʥͷϡ
ʥ˳һ
һ֮ʥһڣΧֳһЩϼ⣬˼顣
˳Եʣʥ˲ûйĵֿԼܿ͵޽ɹˡ
Ϣ֮
֮⣺ͷһҫһõӳ֣ʱǿ֮ĸӦƿأʱӡ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
֮⣺ͷųǿĹǿһʱӡ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
ٶ֮⣺ͷųǿٶȵĹǿһʱӡ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
֮⣺ͷųЧĹʹһ˿Ѹٻָʱӡ̬ƣޡʹôһΡ
֮⣺ǰֹЧʹ֮ǿҫһϣʱʮӡ̬ƣޡʹôһһΡ
ܣֹ⣡
ǿ֮ģǿٶȵģ˵ģһӻġ
зᵽһ顱ǡһˡζЧϣǿκϣޣ嶼ԣ
Ըǿ;㡣
ԸСĵˣǰֹˣԸǿеʱ򣬾Ҫһ֮ˣʩչһξܵöЧӳ֡
ʥ˹Ȼ鴫ļܶǸǿģҷõǿʺҲʺսʺϵ߻Ʒ
ϳ룬ʥΪһ
̫أʹոպá
ֻҪ㹻̣һССĻҲڹؼʱ
ϳжʥγΪһɫĻͷ׼Ϊģ˿Ϸ졣
ԶֵȺһը˹
ϳһٻıƺʥ𼶱ޣϢҫǿö࣡
ıޣʵ
һԽٻͷʥ𼶱ޣҲ̫ˡ
һ棬Ҳһ棬һٻʮΣ˽ңһ˿ɻǮ
ƴ֣Ҳá
òϣе㼵ˡ
ڳ󲿷ֵ˶ΪϳԽٻɹ˻ΪѺעû뵽ϳôãͺһĳԽٻһٻʥ𼶱ޡ
ļʣ͸ʯвࡣ
ǸľֵׯοֻˣͽͳͳѺҪٵǮ
ϳûоʹ˰֣ٻ˺üΣֱƣաٺվֻѣǾԣϳٻļζûٻʥ𼶱ޡ
ǰǰһٻ˶ʮΣķһҵľʣջͷʥ𼶱ޡ
ͷޣӦǵ۷ħǷɵʥǻߣνжȣ
ٻʥ𼶱滻Ǿ͸ˡ
ϳľƣȴǳã̤ԶĽȺ
ڳĿϳ뿪ͬ
֮ǰľֵׯұĵĴյϳߣЦϹߣҸղһֱڿٻޣٻôޣֻµӦʥ𼶱ްɣ
ЩǮ˲ˣдʡ
ûʥ𼶡ϳ̹Ȼϡ
ˣˣׯҵֿ˻ҹھϳ˵ϲĻ˿ˡ
ЩѺǮ෴һ˿

ϳԽٻʥ𼶱޵ܿɽ÷з
ͻƵҫ𼶣ԽٻɹϳʵȻ˺ܶ࣬ڵ˶٣Ϊһд⡣
˿ԽٻѾˣȻϳûڴˣŸҰģ


333 
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޵ҲС峤ףϬţͷϵľںڶģƻߣȴڴ֮ϡ
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ӮĹ䣬ñķڷ

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һ̸ԭ徭µķչѾڳԼվ˽Ÿⶼ졣ȶ֮峤ϲձɳһǰ̽Ͼϳڤ컨һ¡
֪ϳͻƵҫ𼶣ٻʥ𼶱ޣЩȻϲǳ
һپ٣ϳʵԽǿڼİҲԽ
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Ǿͺáϳ˵ͷ
һЩлպܿԾ˵Ц

˪ҹ
Ȼһɽɽϣȴۻ
λţڴ˸֪λһϢڤ컨һƬֳЩڱɳ׳ɡԹ֮ߵ֮ڤ컨ˣԵɽ¼ˡ˵ȣᱻ뵽ɽ¡˸𱣻ڤ컨ˣ˭ҲɽϡỨĹվɣعλˣٷϻ֮ʱǱ֮ա˭ңƾ¡
ŵ
ڵһռ˴˵أȻ˹ϻΪѳŷ顣ժȻҲҪڳͷš
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İ˴˯оѡ
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ϳȻ絶̤ʯվϱǰδеս⣬̤߳⣬һɽ


334 ɽ
ϳ̤ҹɫһ·ߵɽɽ¡
ԭסɽϵ˵ȷ׷ױɽɽŵɽ峡ֻɽһЩֱڤ컨
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úһòª;˵أɫźʵɽ·Ứ޵
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񱩵Ȼը̤õѣɽ֮𶯡һɹϯģģ壬ѱ档

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ϳ쵶ڰУĿƽְطâ
᳤ղŵˣսδֳʤаɣ
ϳԼս


336 ܴ˵
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СԲ𡭡૵ɬġ


340 ˽
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ΧŰѪڵڶֱڤ컨սôңô񱩣û˺仨ֺ
ϳſƣʮӡ˸Ź⣬֤ʵս
λ仨ҿժôϳʵ
ȻԣͰѻڳ㣬ժҲнģЩũȫ㲻С˻ӰҩɽһЦ
ˡϳ
רŸտڤ컨Ļũ仨С˳һ㻨û˵һ𽻵ϳС
ϳһֱĵº֦ڣֱס仨뵽УԷĲ뿲̫ˣʵЩˡ
ũϳһ·ڤ컨İ취ʵܼ򵥣ֱӳ»ͷɣ߽ͷ飬ˮкȥҲԡ
λҼ仨ȥã¹ش󣬾Ͳˣʲôһ˵ˣ
ϳһ֣ͷųʥˣͷ˵ıϡ
ʥȶ˰׵Ļɫ˫ҷĿϼ⣬ƿնȥɽԶ
˵ڤ컨ˣһɽɱɽıҲˣһиһ䣬䶨ȻеĲȴþòƽϢ
Ѫң˵ϳղǾʤһǳǿҶҪȫԸܽ¡ƾսһϲͨڻڶܲһϯ֮ءһţҲһţ֪߶Զվߡ
ͬпǧĻˡ
ϳʵ̫ǿˣ
ǰǻõĲɣɽľսлһ̫ǿˣɽ¶ܵ˲
ʵ֮ǿڵϳѾΪڵĵһˣ˭֣
ҿûĶˡ
һ
Ŀϳսˣû˻ỳʵ˶϶ǹڵĵһ޳ߡִֻԽԽò˶þͻϯȫ
ڣϳѾվ۷壬ǵǰĵز
ǹҹģָĺôӽԺ󣬹ڲ˵Сϼ壬ϼΪϼ屳վһϳ
ϳһƾʵ˸Ըĵ£ΪǰڲƸŮɫֿɵãѴ֮
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ͬʱԶһɽϣ಻֮һֱڹעŸղŵĴս
ΪĴѶԸģû뵽·ɱ֮㣬Ȼڶ̶̼ﳬһĸ֡
ϳǵвȲɡЩ˶Ҫöࡣ
ű޷ˣҪҪ׷ȥô˻ɱ
ǵȴλ
룬ֵɣڲɱʱܵڵص㱣óȻɱܻܿŭڡʵԶңʱв˻֮󣬻ʰġǻԭƻ£ʱȴʱ졣

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˷׷ʩԵñϹϾ
ⳡ䣬ҶЩֵʵ˽⣬ǲˡһˣӽ𳹵ɵĹӦЩ߳ͷǳױƷ裡
´µĿ¶׹⡣
һδƽһССɵصµĲڶǣС
˽

Ŀϳ뿪¶һĨȻ;ƿݵ壬һɽصԼס
׺ڣСУ˪˫ۡ
СܿˣͰⶳ
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򿪱ף⿪СϵѨеĺΪ˻عⷵյ
Сϱ˪ʣԽԽůǱס߶ҲѸٷųһƬƬɫĶߡ˫ۣͷ׷ֻԼһجΡ
ޣԲûܱ㡣
ͷôˣСʹʵ
˵Ҫͷϵģ֮ܶǰŵԡֵ
ǰ֮ʲôӣڿˡ
㻹ʲôԸʲô£˵
ɶˡ
˵ãֱС御
Բȱбϡ

ϳʥˣһ·ɳԶȺɽ֮Сĸĸȫܽ磬ܵ¶棬뵽û˵ĵط˶ĿΪĸԶ
ʵ˻ϳ˵ˣΪ֮ǰڼ䣬һֱûаѸĸߣ鹫ʱҲû˿鹫Ӱ˶ѯʹЩ˲ûиκβɿˣܡ
һŻҲֽʵʵ
ֻҪ©Ͳ뵽һϷ
ֻװװٱϻֻװޣͬơ
ֻжıܴƣװȥϡ䱦һ㶼ڳȻС͵ǣҪ´ȥϳһᱻȻĸ·ǿ߶ϣӶˡ
ϳһ·Ⱥɽһɽ˽ȥŷס˶ڡ
ȫյɽڣϳŷĽܽȡ˳䶪˰С
ڼ̳תŴڵϣڡ
ϳУ͵֮ܽڣٸ˵֮
˵طžۣȡڤ컨˳ʲô
֪Ǳժӣһֱڿȴ˷ܣһɫСµ˽ڤ컨
û
ۣоˣ
ǰ仨κĲˣ
仨һЧ𣿡

ϳסˡ
ʵ˭Ҳܰٷְٿ϶ЩҽҲֻ˵ϣܴѡ
ϳϲһЦһһԣϣܳɡ
һԡ½ŵĵͷ
ϳȡһˮڤ컨飬ˮС
ҩĵص㰲һķ䣬㹻
ڤ컨һ飬̲˱̫˿˶˳ȥΨϷޡ
ϳվ⣬ŵĵȴŽ
ٻƽ⣬ϳ󱳣ĸ࣬һ῵ģġ
벻ҲаϳЦ


341 
ܽһڡ
Ȼ˯ţ̱֮ϣ˫ĿգԵݡ
װڤ컨ˮЩܾܲȻ㣬ȫڴһ١һ뾡ְ취ҽҩڣڤ컨ϣ취ʧˣľҩҽˡ
챣ӣ챣ӣ
ݷһˮŵߣιȥƬ̺󣬴лˮ㸹С
ĵȴּ尾ġ
Ҳ֪˶ãƬССĻã춯ͺʩչ֮һ㣬ѸСήңǱСӴСһСһѪ⾫Ԫ
۳ľĶĶ˵вʣڵһ̯ˮȥЩġ
Ĺ̲Ƕôûȡ
ֻ밮޿Ųܹô˫һգգĶŰеžԪ
ԪѪɫɢĹ⻪ϵСʱʣС˽жСѾ˼ޡ
֮ɾԪڤ컨Ĵ֮£ʼѸΪһµ壬̱ȸղŸΪ棬ΪĲ˼顣
ͼǧߴӾԪƱ֯һγһ۸ӵѪܡһɫĹͷԽԽ֦࣬辣γĹǼܡٽѪ⡢Ƥëȵȡ
֮ǰСɾԪ㣬ִһžԪһˣ
֮ǰȣԵøΪ˷ɫ͸죬㷢ںڣӯ
ѹôڤ컨仨ȷʵĪЧ
ϣصˮϣһͷɫ㷢Լ˳ɫ˿ߣټڤ컨һĻش֮Ч֮ʱģĶˣÿһ缡žĶǵ
¿İޣһѣΣ˿հףʱʧȥ˼
㻺˫ۣĽë֮£һԺڰ׷ʡ
ǡ¿˿һãȻɷߣûܵš
ٴӱϿѾûʲôˡ
һӣڶ棬ʲôţ۶ӴӴ磬ϣߵĴģȻǾס»ع޽ģڹڼ˵Щ״ˡ
㿴ɷɵ̿Цʲô˵ҧͷ
Ц˶ˣһ˫۷ʪǰΪҲȲˣû뵽гһգܿ⸱Цݡ
ֵˣһŬһеȴȫֵˡ
ִ֣֮ϡ
һѱסޣǧﻯһŨĻ
ȻãȻ׷ʲôܸܵǷֿĸ飬ɷס
ӵá
ˣɿɡ㻺ƿɷֻסǰɵվˣҴʲô
ǡæӴȡ·æҼ䣬Լ·ȡ˳
Цҡҡͷ
æãúʰһ£˫˫Ŷ
ϳվ⣬һĿϣĸݹжʱϲ
Ĳκˣϳæʵ
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ܷܷ֣ḧϳԴ
ȻҳˣͱٹҽС׳ˡϳЦ
СʱС׳ƨƨߵľܹˣСˣֿء㺬Ц
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䣬Ŀƶע⵽վڶߵλμˣ΢Ц⺢ϷѩɡŮʮ˱䣬СʱˮˡԱλﵹǻһ¡
ҽٻϳѣĸϲĸȬٻæҽܡ
Թɫλμ˽ϳϵȻֹô򵥣Ц˻ȥǸ͵ĹƨСѾ֪Сˡ
һһŮԱߣЦǺǵʳʶ̣ȼϳҪ׽
龰ϳ

ָһԿĹˡôϲ£ȻҪúףһ¡
һʳڣϳһΧţԳԺȺȣ˵Ц
ϯ䣬ϳһֱԲʵд֢Ϊʲôֲֹܵеԭɡ
ӿ룬ҲǳʲôóԵĶ²²
Ǻ˵˵Ҳû߰ĶЦһ䣬һļȣɷ˸ʵʵ
ǳԴ˶Ī˶ϳҲŲ²⡣
жͷǲҲȣһȣƾҪ
ϳЦŵסȣҧһ߳ԱЦּеĲˣܲԡ
˵ĺ˼룬㵹Ÿӿ׵Ʋ⣬һ£ƵϸʵҺСʱϾһЩ״ֻǺ΢ʱû⡣СʱżȻо䣬ߺȻоȣ֢״ᣬͱ֢״ҲԭԽأֱǰչΪд֢Ӵһ𡣲ôСļпǴ̥еģ
ЩУ޹ء
˾Ʋ׷׵ͷ
˵һЩǼ岡ĸŮһĴȥҵõĿܾ岡Сʱ˷ľ˳ˮƯƮһ֣һȺ̰ι󣬸֪ҵĸĸ˭û취вֲ֤Ļһȥ¡
˵תͷߵĶӣĿ¶ĵǡԼĲᴫϳ
⼸Ҳɫһ䡣
֮ǰ˵Цգһӱˡ
ϳںЦˣ㿴׳ʵĻһˣҲа취κãʲôڣڤ컨ֻһ꣬ĲСڳȻУҩݲѵõͷİɡ
ⷬɫŻЦͷ
˯꣬кܶ໰˵˺ܾúܾá

κĸ׵ĲϳתĿ꣬׼ǰ֮ǰס
һ콡ɱһ¡
һɵһ¡
ȫ¹ش󣬰ӶҶҪȥǴ
ϳ뿪ɽѪ˫˫ǣһʥˣһʩչƿվ·ٶ൱֮죬
ϳЩȻɰ֮ܽУ˷ġ
·ϣϳһ߷Уһ߸еĦֵ飬Ȼһðһ󵨵뷨
µĻֻ᲻ͬһˣ
ϳһݣ



342 
Ӱ춼ܴ鶼Ļ֣ϵһҲ֮С
ȻûʲôʵԵ֤ݣϳƲܿǶԵģ
ĻֵĿʲôΪ˶Ըھ֣ԣֹھֶѣɵѾӰ쵽ȫĪĻֵĿǶԸ
ϳ˳µƲ⣬зˡ
һΪĿĵˣСɫҲǵһˣӦһӴ
ϳ뵽ʮɽԼܱ߼ڹ
ʮɽ֮ìܡ
Ĺң˴˼Ҳìܣս
Щп֣ܶ
ھ֣Ҷпܱ˸ˣЩԽԽ£ɽ¥
ϳüͷɫ
ǸĻֵĿȻεǣϳǺϳĴ׷ֺϳɵ⻹ֻǸʼѣԺ֪ᷢʲô飡
ϳʵ͸Ļ˼ӵĽ棬Ҳ֪ԷʱŻḡˮ档
˴ϳתͷǵ貽⣬˵δʹЩ˵
޷Ѫ¸ɴ
֮ǰרĶȡڤ컨Щûü˵ʵɵûбô򵥣顭
ϳйĻֵһЩ˵˳ҲԼƲ˵˳ûκ
ദգһЩ飬ҲһЩΣϳʲôֱ˵ˡ
Ѫ֮Ťתз䵽һɽϣɢȥһѪɫӰһ߷һ߽в㣬˵ͷˡϳʥ
վ֮󣬺ѪµȻǣ˻ڣضˣһŻ㱨Ųֵ顣лڵĹأ˿Զ۵ҩǲõҩΪ
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Ǳһ磬Ҳȫڵ飬ϾڼҴҵ񷱶֪࣬ʱܲˮʯԼߣõ黹ǵõ顣
Ȼ
ҩȻҪףǸĻ٤ύ׵ʱǸץס顣˵ڽ׵ʱץסɼϵζ֮ҲԡֻҪа취ץסĺβ͡
á
ôļȥޣҪõҵĵط˵
л³ӣ
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˼·һ·ҹ̣ڵִ˳ǡ
ϳϼפأ˽šϲΪ׼һӷ磬˳ףͻƵҫһ¡
ϼô꣬ǵһðҫߣǼҫҫ档
ӷϣϳĺĺ˼嶼˭ڷɵһ¾Ͱϲոסˡ
ϲɫ΢䣬һ£ŵ˼֣Щ˶ڷɵԹɫϳƺɵУ˳ˮۣݺʹ⼸ˡ
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ӽһµļҹ棬ڲǱڻݣȫϽɵΥţԶ̤һУɵˣҪϵɵͳͳٵһҲ
ϳ
Ȼ峤ɻȨ峤ҪϲնĻ
ļҹ᲻̫һ㣿֪ɵֻһֻҩʲôҩżԳԵҲ޷ϲ̽
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ǡðɡϲյͷٶ˵ˡ
ϳһ÷ণЩɵ˱ѵһͨȽвдɵ
ڣʮɵ˸⡣
ڲɵֻǵһ
ϳͳ䰵ᣬĵصͶϼפڵһСԺС

ҹɫīͿĨأǳ˸
ϳһСͤվƱȴżλ͵ԼʱѾܽˡ
һλĿһߣͼţ߽Ժڣһ˫üߣǲɡ
ϳ¾ƱӭЦ٤᳤ղˣԼʱ仹һЩĵǹġ
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һܻᣬǴ£е̸Ҫܴһֶ©ȥ
ϳ벻ѯʶԷȲ軹ǺȾƣõش֮󣬷һȲ衣
Ƭ̣λȺݵֱǵʵԼڵĵš
лʡ
ͷľͷȡ
Χһ𣬱̸Цɻһɻ֮ȥա亮ѹϳֱ⡣
뼸λΪ̸̸ɵ飬λʲôԾ˵ϾֻһЩ»ǵǼλǰϳɫ
мλɵԴ֮ҵķڻ֮УֵҩʵûʲôøСҡҡͷ˷̬ȡ
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ű۵ҲΪɵʲôö˲ǳɣɶɵĺ¡ȱǮĻֱ˵ˣαҩء
Ẓֱָ̇ɡ
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ɴ¿ˮһЩ˵˳
֮󣬶üͷʶԡ
ɵµģµվɵˣ
źεûŲɣ̽ϼһʲô֤ȷʵһ˵Ļڸ֣
̫ţѵ㲻ңɵ۷ʵ
Ц
ôӵ۾¶ģ֤Լ˵ľʵ
ϳòӦûѣ˸ԲȻһĶԲߡ
һһ£Ϊֻܴӽ׵ĹѰͻƿڣҲǺѪ֮ǰİ취νӢͬ
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ϼһǸĻ֣һʽףȷһ½׵ص㡣ʱΧֻҪͰץסµڣϾǻڵĸֳϳôţֻҪڲΪǵġŵ
üͷҡͷҸ粻ǸˣÿһζҵġÿɵĲʱͻͻȻ֣Ȼһ»


343 ͣ
˵߳Ѵ
һߵںð졣Ǹ˿϶һֱڼɵпܰ٤ڲȻɵͻֱӰɵҲˡɵڸͻȻҲ֡ɵ֮ʱ㡣һ˲Ķ֣ʱ䣬Ǽȫ㵽٤һǾͶץˡ
ڳļ㿴ңҿ㣬ͬʱ˵ͷ
еİ취ˡ
˽ϸһж磬ζ֣ȫڡ
죬ƻʼʽʵʩ
ϳѳҪչһͷУȻ˳ȥǱ뵽٤λڳǵפأ٤ڲá
ԼˣҲֶͬǱ٤ᡣ
ΪʵۣǱ֮ǰѽ񽻸ĸ֮һڻʹ˶Ŀ
٤ڻɵڼ֮һգ˸⣬˹ӦʵЩɵԼڸˡ
޵Ѿúˣ͵λϹ

٤ᣬһС
ϳϥڵϱĿ񣬵ȴλ˵ĳ֣ʱֵ׼ֻҪһźţ߳ʲô紵ݶϳͻ
ֵȴǺܼ尾ġ
ҪϹɡѾȲˡֱ˰Ƶĸоʵ̫ˡֻҪ߳ðһߣҲ壬µľһֱڰû׼ʲôʱðҧһڣ
ϳн

һȾ֮á
ҵȣ˾ǲ֡
ɵǰˣ٤Ĳֿһûʣ£ÿ춼дǰҩȻһֶ顣
ϡΪɵĶϻһЩдͶ˳û̧ۣԭһǧһɵ˼ǧңһڲпܡ
Щڷɵкܴͷûɵԣ͸Ҫǵһ̸֪ˣĸԸǮϧΪҵ
һЩûǮġʿΪɵҹɱ٣߳壬߿ɹƭֻҪ׬Ǯ伫
һЩɵļ̱˰ɱϵɵϴһգû׬ǮСˣοա
ɵۣͣһӦ·ǻԭңСǣȫ˲Ķ
֮ǰɵڳʱһжƽ˾⸡ˮ棡

һܻȻٿεĻص㰲٤ĵμӵ˻֮ǰλ
ɳü֪Ϊʲôζ֮Ǹ˳ٳû
пǵ¶ˣҲпͼű
ÿ춼д٤ɵЩɵġʿرķЩʿΪɵ͵͵ɱһЩ٤ˡ
ߣɻ
̫ţͱ侮ʯˣӦ֮߰ɡ
Ļֲʲô취ֻܵȣȴʱֱ仯ȴԷһ塣ŵ
ԽԽ㣬Ϊ˻;棬ҪҪ֮ǰɵųһֵгϣ
ϳ廰ɣɵĹӦҲǵ˵һ壬ﵽĿģŻнһж¶ĺβ͡µľڿɿصķΧڣþһҲ޷Щʿȥֵ֣ԽԽá
ССҩ˲ǳԱߵҡҡͷ
ԴɵǳǾͷˣ֪Ϊɵٸͥ˼
ɵǶҩʤƶҩ
˵õĽۻһ֡ȡ
ôֱʣ϶ҪĵģֻҪȥн

ֵ죬Ѫϳ͵ԼغλʹѾ׼ϳһͬǰڡ
֮ǰԼõ顣
͵غʹߣµʹ߽Ӱ࣬ǿԻصȥˡ֮£ڻڷչɱڷչõö࣬صŶ˶ԿǴϲ¡
ԼϳøλһͬǰڣʵʵԼµӣκʱֶ߲
õϢĵ죬ϳȻصϼפأλʹߡ
͵лԾغϲ٣˻ǰһȡ
ѹϳǸȻλʹǶԲסˣ飬ұЩǣʱǰڡλǼŻȥһ
غŰڰֵϳ츳ߣ޾עҪΪ˲ĴССֻǸ׸Ϊ˹ţ߾͵ߡһңиָ飬һ£ֻеڶðûûˡ쵶ն֮١
Աߵ͵ϵͷ⻰˵Ĳ޵ڵ齻˴ɣ㲻ΪЩġ
λ֪С飬ҵȻȥܣκεʵڷͬСɣ벻ܶСҪҵ˦ִүһ֮´ٻص֪ʲôӡȻ׷ңѣǲѸˣѵˣϳЦ
ţϳϵ鷳˵һ顣
λʹ֮ϳѴЩȷʵֲܡ
һ쳾ƺͷ벽ѡ
ЩһǣˣѶѲ
Щǣ˻ڣʵڷͬСɡ
һλʹ߾ֱ·͵һػڸ˳ڵһغϳæԷһ
͵˵߾ߣӰɳƿնȥ
غϳҪһɵһоʦ֣˵ͨжϳҩһЩɷ֡
оһ֮󣬰غ̾ⵤҩͬһ㣬ǳԸ֣̺֮ļҩȻ򵥣ҩԻɣͻܽЩҩںһʵ
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ǰʦˡغ΢΢һЦ
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ذĴڶѾƴװ˼ڵһĦȭƣ߶Ⱦ衣
ڶཫʿִУ˴ս׼
عҲѾע˳ңһȵ
λ󽫾ľ棬ԭ˱ĴЦ


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346 Բ
һ֮վޡ
ϳһ޷Ҫϼ䣬Ҫڵ˲ֿܵסڵɽӴ󲿡
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347 Ϊ
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348 ϭ
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ԭ躹ޣݷ꣬ԴʽϳľʽڴȥһƣһУΪվ


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ԭ׷ɣһԾ˲ͷƶ·һģʩչľʽһС٣
һר˵ܶ˺ܽ˴ûɢ
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ܿЩУеС¯ʦֶηС¯¯ڷɳһζ̱ǵҺ壬һˮŲԭȥ
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ħˮȽ𣬲ɲԸʹã֮ǰժʱϳ֣ûùԵǲԭûҪйǣ
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ԭʵ죬ǿϵİסħˮЩյħˮڸǿҵĸʴЧשʯرʴһӡ
λ־ܲԭռϷ磬һʱҲδܻܲɡ
ϵٶûа׻ֶβϵĵҩЧ졣
ʮй󣬲ǿиɵЦԭ㲻˵ʮжŲȥôڿɻĺúõġ
ߣɻûн߾ȫȻ㼱Ҿͳȫ㡣ԭһһ˲ɣڽʩչվ
վһʩչֱܽӴ˵ڣԹľ޴˺ʥǿ߶ɣ֮
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ͷΪޣаѵһ֧ȼΪʥ𼶣޴ܹһС
ı޶̣ڴǡǡ෴̣ȴޱȣѵ̽ȥ֮󣬵˺ͻƳ
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һ˺ڰΧֲָʯ֮
ԭĿҹӣڰһס˽ĲɣЦƾСҲסң̫Сˡ
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ĶһǱ뿪ģųУֱѣ

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352 ѡ
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˾ȣɿЦŽ͵ģˣǹ֮ǰһʵҵһվǰĲҡ
㻹зԾȼ˹Ӿȡ
һΪĺҪĴۣһɵĺôҲԶ׼ģ൱ڶ˸֣Ҳһ
ڳȻ֮УҲӵзοСС
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˳ɵʵԼϵıޣһֻάһʱķ̫ˣ򲻵ѣû˻Ը⸶ôĴۡ
ֲ֮ǰһĵ˰죬ԭֻа˳ʵ֮߳ϢһЩ
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ǲˣԴһϥнһ൤
٣㾡÷൤ͻʥ𼶣ǳɹˣͶ˼ֻܲԭϣ
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353 
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354 
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ȫȫǱɽӴ󲿸ߵģ
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֮ðʵΪ룬ΪĻʵۣкôĺͼҵռѣҪ£ʵкְܶ취ûҪǵóǿ˲ƣòʧֲҵܻʵۣܹսʤǻʵۣʵ䡣ȶסľԺ˳ᢣʳԴỤ̊þãþãա
ЦеõδԸܻʵۡ
ԭûб״򶯣ЦʵǿɽӴ꣬׼㣬һս̵ĲʳҸԸһʲôƨĿܻʵۣҪ
ԭԲӡƾ粻֮Ȱ˵ȷʵǿޱȣĻûĶ֣ս⿿һǲģôǿվҪµľȥĴսģľӽ棬עҪĿɲֹļѣҲɽӴ󲿵ĹԽңķȻҲǿ֪·һ϶ȫսҪҪ֮ǰԼĲﶼٵɽӴ󲿵սƷɾͼˡأ˼
˵ͷͷǵӱϿȫΪɽӴ롣
ԭüͷĲ˶ҡ
ղⷬ޵
ɽӴ֮Խͼ֡
棬Ĳ棬ǧؼ似Ҳ档
Ƶ·˿϶ԼĲٵЩؼһѻոɸɾһɽӴ󲿵սƷٶˡ
롣
ǷֲһܻʵۣƣһϢ֮ٵ˾ͻٺܶࡣֻҪûбƵ·Ͳûٵļҵ
ټϴƹɵõҩԻģʿö֮ڲȻ߽⣬Ҳѳ򡣵ȵʱ죬ѿܻʵһɱˣֿɵá
һһڣȫȻͬ
ԭƣľõڶѡá
Թɫ˲ԭ˼ЦԭµĽ飬֤꣬ܽУСĴۣĺôԶȫǿõö࣬һλӢѡ񡣡
֮ҾͲҪܻʵˣʱôأԭЦʵ
ǻ˵ȻһɱԳ󻼡ʱ򣬲Ҹϻ嶼ŮףһҲ̹Ȼ𣬷·˵һɵ顣
ˣҼöˣǵһμųնµˡ
ֻ֮ǰǴѾõһѣҲĸԸˣԭȫ
ÿ°ڣϣ˲ԭǰ


355 Ӣ
ԭŹڵϵĿò
ԷƱϥ䰢ķУϧ¹ʵ˳ᢣȡһߴϢ֮
ɽӴ󲿷ŻƣֲܻʵۣҲͱĴģͻ͵͡½ˣҲٷѪɺӵ
ʳҪܳһʱ䣬ʱָָܳııǸϳˡ
ϳԶڣҪǸһصķչʱ䣬ʵλ϶
ʱ䣬пܳ׻ҲпŤתǬΪʤ
ԭ³˼ȴǺܵģΪɽӴڻǱһ֧֧ѹסϳһϳĨɱ
ϳʹڣҲڲʲô˻
㣬㵱ܻʵۣԭ⣬ͷŹزΪ˱֤ģͬʱҲΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳һΪץļ˵ʣûɣ
Ȼû⣬ܳϵΪҵңܱɽӴץߵʣҼ˵ҡҾùӦôһЩɵҳУ԰ΣоֶһҪЮҵֶΡıߣԷ룬ϧԼԨ
㣬Ǹµԭ
ˡ΢Ц
֮ǰֻԼһɲֹϣˣԼǧ
һ¹Ŀܻʵۣá
Ϊ˴ﵽĿĲϧһдۣ˵Ȼ¡
뻻һӹµܻ֮ʵۣҲʵѡǰ˳ǿܻʵ۵ѡ޳ߡ
úõܻʵ۰ɡ죬н˲ţ֮һһߵıʿԭһֵ
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ͷлֳϲصӣȴڵѪ

ڲԭϢܿ㴫ľӪ֮УȻ󲨣˷ŭѣ˸Ѫͷ
ث֣ųһ֮Ȼ¹򣡡
߰ǣ¹Щʿ¹ȴ¹ˣǶ
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յУڸǵ·ϣеĸҲɽӴɳˡڵѾ˲۲۵ĿܣҪɽӴ󲿵İš
ΪڰʱϵˣʱɫԵʮֲ԰ףϢή˥
磬㿶һӢȴҪίȫһЦЦ
㰵Ц
ϰջֵֽʷҲ
ԭֻ밲ȵĵүڣȴû뵽гһձƵһ
һȥˣ͸棬㿴ֻޱ޼ʵĺڰȻǹҹ˸̫С̫ңԶˡ

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һ·ϣϳͷʳٸͬеİغġ·һЩҲûʲô˼ȥ

һķУϳڷɵ˻ڵıԵشȻĹϽΧ
Ȼ߸ϣڶңڳȻǰ͸һСһƴ½ȻϷ֣ЩȻǴ½ߡ
Ǿǵ˻ڵĵ̡˼ʹߣڻˣˡغЦ
ϳһ㳬ȻЩ
ӸԶͼǰǰããһƬѩǴѩɽһͷ
ڵи֣һΪὨںȵĵطû뵽ǽѩɽϳЩ⡣
ĲһڹϽĽΪ·Ϊ飬һΪĵűֱϽİ˴ǸһĸڵıǻԶֻǰ˴֮һġѩɽԱѩɽıɲӡغŽ͵
űʲôӵģ
һѾ㵽˾֪ˡ
ǻҪɶòܵ
켸ҹɡ
ôԶϳһΪܵ
⴦ѩɽҪö࣬ȻҪɺܾáغЦ
˴ȫô𣿡
˴ܴѩɽģ˴ɫô˵⴦ѩɽ䣬ѩʺһЩϲҩǻڵһ̣ͬʱҲǻڵҩרϲҩġߴҩģеϲȵҩģеˮеҩģееҩģͬ
غ٩٩̸Ϊϳҿ˻ڵɴ


356 
ϳú棬ٸʵһʳ˸ڻڵ顣
ӵϽڷΪű˴򣬸֡
ӽ׼ϽҲȷĻ֡
ʦƷ
ʦһŹΪƷ磬ʦƷֺܼ򵥣ֻҪƳӦȼĵҩǸƷʦ˵һƳƷҩƷʦֻһƷҩҲ⡣
ڻڣֱ׼б仯ѶһЩһضȼĵҩΪӦȼʦҪڰŵĿˣ֮ͨ󣬲ǺϸͨƷȼˣǾƷʦͨƷȼˣǾƷʦ
ȷʦƷ֮󣬻õӦȨԼ£ƷԽߣݾԽ󣬴ԽãȨԽࡣ
ڻڣʦƷֱӹҹģԽԽá
ƷϵʦڻھǴˣǾƷʦϣ߿һۡ
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غſ˿ϵӣȻɫָӺȵ˵ô£ǲǰɱˣλƷʦĳⲻ𣡡


357 ѩ
һʣŵɫ䣬֮ǰ޿ĺŵֹס˿
ϳüͷغŸղŵϲ
ԼӣûҪС
ڰغŵΪˣϳѾֲˣλȻ㲻ʲôˣҲʲô࣬ʱۣʱϲ硣
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ʦ壬˵ɡϳɷİغţǰʵֻɱ𣿡
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ӣʵͨˡ
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˵ļڲӣ൱һҵƽաڻڵĹϽΧڣȴֻʳ
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ڹϣдһ֮ţֻѩã

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ѩŪģʵǰҲǽƱ磬ҲĿǴ⼸ӡǾ仰ʲôҫ۸ӡһȺܵӣѵͲ죿ѧһı¾ϳסӣ絶ǰȺ
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ӱϳ˵߳ŭһꪣϳ˹ȥʽ޳֮ٶȴ൱ˣѿĦ̶죡


358 
ƣϳܣֱӳ鵶ӭӶһĨˮȥȻȻɡ
Żꪵ;УһȻж֮ϵ
ϳ˳ץסꪣȵ֣
񱩵Żꪴݿȥһ·ݽϣȻը֣ŵŵŵÿ˳һ̤һأɴѩ


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һǷܲľȼزʶĺӡ
˫γɺڰ׷ĶԱȡ
ߣ
ϳ֪䣬ߵľ˦ͷųʥˣŽһһաʥһȦͳͳסȶɫ˫˸߿ա
ӣ
һͷųһͷбǰȥʥˣһͷӥ˵ͱޡ
Χڶ໤Ҳ׷׳֣ʥˡ
Ҫͷϳһҧתһʩչնʮε⣬һȦΪһ壬ȻΧŭնȥ
ɳڰըѿϸСķâΧļʮشЩˣʥ˵ĹȻ
ϳüһɳӲӵ޺޺ɾ黯Լľ۶ɣÿһŲ׵սӽһҫߡ
޺Ϊ˳ȥ¶ŭݣн֮ƣ߳ȭ߳ƣȣͶɽӱǡ
ߣ
ϳԼֵ߿գһץסʥ˵צӣվצ֮ϣֵȻ
ʥ˶ȻӿٶȣԶƿռɡ
ˣ
׷

ڶ໤͹ٵϳµķڵ׷ȥΪ
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ϳɺңغŴ¿ˮ޸˺棬ı䲻ʲôֻܾ䡣
С
ʥԽԽߡ
ϳϺ󣬵סڶ໤һһεĹһЩϻʥϡ
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֮ǰĹʵأûг׾飬ΪֳϾէز졣
Ÿɱ˻ڵĻô붼ʡ
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µľ棬ǲº֣ҲԼס۱ӡ
Ȼѱ˵£ҲͲˡ
ϳĿϵɱ¾Ҳ֮ŨĹӰ·ӵ߳Ĺʹߡ
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ϳһӰÿӰ̬졣
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Ӷҫա
Сģ
ܵһĿܣɫȻ䣬һȡһ޴Ķƣǰ
һЩӦʩչ˸ֶַΡ
һţžͼһͷͷޱ˿һ֫Ѫɳ˵ͷ
ʥǿߣϳһҲʥ֮£źɨһеʵ
ɱΪˣ飡
飬Ծˣ
һֻǾ棬ƣֻܴɱˡϳӵңָ󷽵ڶ໤ľ棬ʥϡ
ŶƵ˸ղһֻ˵ˣϳľ棬˶Ȼһ˿⡣
ղնصһʵ̫£
£˸Ҽ׷Ҫ׷ֻ̫ҪסˡһаֹΧеĻڴˣôһΧܱQã
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ϳԦʥƿշУܾʮֲȴû̫ҡ
²Ǳ֣֮ء
ЩʱֵԽ󣬷Խ׽ùСѲִˣͱڸ߲ϳȻһԴӦԡ
ôĳȻнˡ


359 
ϳһ߷һӦ֮ߡ
Ȼ˵СִˣδĻɲС㿴ΧԶкö˶߷ɣӦöǳġ
ұָתˣ鷳ⶼ㣬㻹˼˵ϳŭ
ôνǸǻδ֪
׷ɣǺ£
ǿ˵׼
ˣһ
ϳ˸ۣŰɡ

ͬʱѩɽߵһѩɽ֮ϡ
ѩɽֱͨΧ飬˼ɾ
һһŮվɽȥܲ
е˪ɫۣվһؿ֮žſŻƵǻռǡ
ռǴʦƷ
ſҲǾƷʦ
Ҳʵ
վһԵŮֱɴòǽƾ¶˫Լֵȿжϳһλˡվɽһ˳ȾѩճĶǵУ޶ɷʥ¡
ŮӵؿڣҲžſǣһ˿СǻΧ
ҲǾƷʦ
ڲˣÿһԺա
һһŮ˾ӸĿԽǧǧ֮ľﶼ۵ף
λõľƷʦ֮ԵǸԶΪľȻֻһֻССѩá
Ŀɨ֮£ȴûκջ
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գΪɡ
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ӦһදȻĶ
һֻСӣڱ˶ҲʲôǶλӶԣȴǳҪ
һЩԭΪʮֵĹƧƽʱȺӣ˽ӴΪŽį˺ܶСЩСﰮмӣʧѩþ֮һ
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λѩɽƬϵĴڡ֮ǰѰѩõжȫһְšֻҪԸ⣬Ϳ԰ѩɽߣ
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Ӳϲ̫˽Ӵ˵ͷԭء
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ĿͶԷԶȥ֮ɫֻϣܾҵʧĳѩáҵ֮һԼĳѩöʧˣúտ

С
ϳڼԦʥƿշУʱƣΧ½ðһЩµĻԽԽࡣЩۼһʱ϶ٽηеĵ
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ѩɽ˲֪˲νһ졣
ϳΧڶ໤ĺ˵ݣΪ֮һݡ˪³ǲϤɻǸо˾޴ֱѹͷ
ϳҵĵھĽ绹ʱ˪³ǾѾѩɽˣѾȥ˰֮áһﵹͦٵģڿȥôᡣ˪³Ϊ򽻵Сһ㣬Сѡ
㶫ѣϳҲзִġ
˪³ǱĿסϳǰˣͣ°ɡ
Įֲɡ
Ĵ˵Ҫǿʲôһ仰ʵ۵ʥּһй֮
ϳͣ˪³Ƕһۣоһֿ̹ǵĺ⣬ĺë׶ʼð
μ˪ϳʩ
ҷʲôΪô໤׷㡣˪³
˵ղײӣ⼸ӲСɱһֻѩãѩпǾƷʦʧѩáһЩѩɽĻͬЩӣЩ̱ƹҿȥ嶯֮³һͻһ·׷ˡǷǶԴϡ
Ǽɱѩã
˪³ĿһؼһƬɱ⡣
Ϊ۸ڶЩӹ֬׷ۣΨжӣవɵá
ڳ˶Ի˼飬ǿ߲ϡ档
ǿƳļᶨһĳ˶飬пܱһִ
˪³ǱָŽѰѩõĻᲩ˻ģȴѩñɱϢܲŭ
ѩϡ٣˪³ʶĶ϶ɱѩþǶʧֻѩá
캮
ϳɫһ䣬ȴûѩùȻ󣬿վֻܳףΪı岶ɱСޣɱѩãȻдҲпԭѵΪһֻӣͶǶ̣ҪǵǴȥܶ㻹ǶԻڣ޹⡣Ϊ˱ͦǶǴԶ׼о仰˵úãڿ
ڿ
ϳ¹䣬ģ˵Ȼֱ׳
˵ݵڵˣҲоݡ
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ղһеȴ˪³ǵĲ졣
ʲô֣Ϊʲôѩɽ˪³ǲȥϳݡ
ҽϳŵĺĵӣҪȥű·;˵ءϳҽܡ
ͻ֮ʱɱѩɽĻ
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ǼӵҸһߡɱҵĻﲻˡеͶǼӣȻԹԸ滤ǰΣҵķ䡣
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ϳɫ䣬üɱ˻³򣬺δ֮СҪżӶ̣ѵҲܹܣҪɱңѵҲܷ˲ףΪɱ˻ͽңδʧ
˪³Цһָ죬ָأѩɽҾǹ


360 
Ҿǹ
仰˵ȴǲʵѩɽϵĴڣ˵һ˵һǴģǾǴģ˭Ҳҷ
һ仰ϳλ˪³ʲôˡ
ˣҲãȻãҲûҪ˷Ѵࡣ
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Ҷԣϣ㲻ҪΪӣһǵĴʲôˡõݺεȸ߹Ҳӽƽϡ
ϳһ鷳Լϣ˪³ǰ̬Ҫٶ鷳ҲνЩ鷳ܿסǼȴסܱ֤⼸ӵİȫ֮ǰĸǸ
˪³Ŀϳһۣʵô뵱Ӣۣ
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֪дԴһʼûǣһˡҵȥѩɽ֮ڣκ˶õӣǹƽ
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Ļǽԣˮգ˵˲ӣӾ;԰ȫˣѩɽ֮ڣ˵ȥӵ鷳
ϳղǴñǼˣ˪³Ǽ۸СѩɽڱȻɨأΪ˱ס棬˪³ֻܷŵӣûеڶѡ
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ΧôˣϳֻʶغһҲֻŰغһûеڶ˿и
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ϳҧأ֧ţѹեԼеǱʹ±ֱ
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νʮ֮һֻһ˵ǣʵ˪³öͿö
˪³ҪƵϳ¹ֱӷϵϳΪ
һߣ̸пᣬܽ˪³Ҫĳͷֻ
ѹϳֲڲ;޿ֱֱͦȡѪڣٶԽԽѳɣֳ˼Ѻۣ顣

ϳ쳤Хзŭвʣʹࡣ
һȲ죬
˾˶ݡ
ΧЩֵĻǷ˸ı䣬ϵϷ֮ɫʧǵЦݣҲѲ
ǳܾѹ겢Ц˾壬ÿ˶һ
۲䡣
˵ףѡ
еƲû˼ڼ䣬ϳԽԽ


361 
ϳǶϣۣƣѪȴûй£
жϥлƽֻҪ֮лһڣͲ˵ͷ
һпñеյ˪³ǣһ겻Ȼôˡϧûʲôʵﲻæһȥݺݽѵһ١ϳúǰӲˣ˵һЩĵĻɡˣ縺ΣҪȥɲܵӲȥġ
ңϳǿ
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ôǰ˵ɷ𣿡
Щ£̣ҲãЩ飬Ҿð벽
һλ𣿡
һöָᣬںܿѾˡ
ϳӲԣܵѹȣȰ˵Ķûа㶯ҡ
ܵѹԽԽϵѪԽԽ࣬һ֧ţʱпܿ
ϳ֧ôãϵ˪³Щͷˣ־ǿһƣΪȨ
˵£˪³Ǵһ˼еĺȻ£ϳ
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ǧ׵ľƵͷ£·ƿ׹ǣͺһֻĴ֣ء
һȥϳҲˣΪˡ
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ھƾϳм֮ңʱ䶸
ϳͷƾųһɫһ仨귭˿ð貵Ĺԣۼ۶ɣл̺֮ƣ磬ʵȴ쳣ǿ󣬺Ʒµ̨˼顣
ƾһԵľơ
ǿ߳ȫշ磬һ֣˪³֣ͣסʽϵ֪˭ͷųġ
ӣǺ⣿˪³תͷңԶ
Զʣһ׵ٻӰֱɴɢصУӡؼʱ̣ȻͻȻ֣סزʶϳ
ΪˡӹĻӦֻôȼ֡
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Ϊһѩֻһ׵飬ԽԽһЩһˡ
Ŀƶ֮еϳ껹վţǿ
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⡭Ųסˡ
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ϳϳôˣѣڿɲ˯ʱ򣡡ô󺰴С
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΢ˣڳûһ˸ϳվڵжԵϣۿϳڵأȴûһ˶ִȡ
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Ϊˣǽȥˣò鷳㡣
鷳ˡ
һܡ
˪³Ǵ˵ϳǰϳ˪³УǺϳȻͬ⡣
˪³ǲϲ˸ӽӽ̤շӣȰ裬ӲΪĲġ
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˪³һ

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˵ĺأ˶УЩͷˡôصˣȻҧվţ治֪ôġ
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ͨôصˣȥﱨˡ
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µķ֣һ
ڵֺ⣬澹ȻǶ⵹һĹδţδܽΪãŹƷȻ͡
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۽磬δֹ
ղֵͣĸɣش˺صơ
̽鵽֮ϵѺۣʮּ֡
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ֵҩΪ⣬ӶŷǱѰ壬δʹù
ľᣬѾء
ѰֶξҪѺܾõʱ䣬ҵġѪ¶ЧͿˣѪ¶ҵΪ¯ƶɣͬѰĵҩʵڲʹã׸ôء
ӿϵϳԥ
ʱϳüͷ¶ʹ֮ɫȻܵʹĥ


362 Ѫ¶
ӿϳʹģɵûϳղŶԿ˪³ʱȻˣ֮ǰҡڵ˾
۲űӣΪһκˡѪ¶Ժһ
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ÿǷϳҪΪϳ˵ôأҲóѪ¶ˡ
ΪʦһҪߣһ;һҵˡ
ϳˣԲѣ״ʺϷѪ¶ҪҪȶסƣӹŹǰ
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뵱ǰĽչһλŮͽܣʱʵһ㣬ʱ꣬׺ɣյɳΪӲʲôϡ顣
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ţͬ١
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ϳĿڣһ֪ˣǰԺ󲻻ٹǰˡ


363 ͳ
˵Ŀڣȴһһǰ
Ȼǿ󣬶һЦ
һôصˣȻ˼Ц
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ҩˮɫģȴƿˮһڲֹð뵰
ЬȥӷԸ
ϳԹհ죬Ȼһ䣺·𣿡
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ϳûȤûن£ԹԿ粽ľͰϥȥϵѪҩˮڻҩˮֱûͷס˺˵ϴ裬ǱһһҹҲ¡
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364 ǰ
ǰڵڰĽϣڰпĽһɳ
Ľһڷչɳչ¶ͷǣ츳츳ܳڣڷ֣ɵ˻ڣõ˸õӴƽƣʵݣڲߣֱվʦ۷ΪֹΪ˸߸ϵľƷʦ
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ĽǰģԼﵽ۷֮ǰͽܡԣһֱûͽֱΪƷʦŶͽ˼
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ʱ򻹺СܸȤûʲô˽ֻԼĽ緢ʱһ¯ԴĵҩȻַ׾ӣȴɹˡ
Ľ綯˰֮ģΪͽ˻ڡĵһͽܣҲһͽܡ
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ҲϳԸԼһ٣ѧ˵Ӱ˵ĶȻˣŮֻ֮ѧһС֣ѧ˺֪ܶʶ֪ʶȵȡ

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֮ǰѾ˰ʮΣٴһξɡһƷĵҩֶһ飬Źѩ絤սõĵҩҲΪһ֮󣬻ɢǵصķѩ
Ϊ¯ѩΪӵߣǣ֮£һŰɫıУתע뵽Ʒĵҩ֮С
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һδ̣ӲһʦԼߵĴִУ԰Ρ
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ֻʣһֵҩûơ
ΪͺϷۣ
ҩǸͳƣҩˮҩҩۣȫڵҩһࡣ
ͺϷЧֻƷȴûмЧӶ֪ЧʲôǰĹ鼮ҪͺϷ۵Чȴһ
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ӵòֻҪųϢʦŶӹһ
κʦ򽻵ˡ
ѡ
Ϊѵľأһʱ䲻֪Ǻá


365 ֮ϲ
ʱһȥ
Ѫ¶ҩЧˣϳתã޸ָˣѪ¶ҩ֮󣬾ȻñǰˣΪԵһأҫһ󲽡
ҫ𼶿ʼҪͻһС綼Ƿǳѵ飬һһϦ֮
ҫ֮ǰϳ٣ʱͻһΣĻͻһΡڿʼͲͬˣ츳ٸߣԴٶ࣬ҪͻһζҪܾá
һѪ¶ڶ̶̼ΪԵĽѾܿɹ
˷ܵǣѪ¶ҩʣºܶ࣬űãԺѪ¶ٴΪ
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Եö֣ˣҵǮͻǷˡ
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ѣϲĽνİٲߴϳȥա
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һ֮;˵ء
һ꣬ؿǣ֤Ʒʦǻڵˡ
ƷʦѾǺˣߵһ츳Ϊ϶
ԶԶľע⵽˺İٲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ײ˴ˣȻ˰ٲӵҩӼټҩȻֻһաӵԸ񣬾ԼߡСӿ϶ܹȥյġȻգҲܡû˵Ȼܴ
Ѭģǰ棬ȴһЩֵܳķաҩͼȻҡ
ţ
ϳע⵽˿ɵüͷ


366 С͵
ʱ˿ҩò¶֪ͼ졣
ϳٸв졣
һŴһ˳ԣܱ˳ԾͲͬˡ
ʦҫΪٶޱȣգ֮Ѿ嵽ҩ
ҩΧΧ󷨽ƣϽ̤㡣
֪ͣǰˣ춼ҩҩԵҲһա
ϳ꣬Ҳ˵Ŀڰս㣬Զŷâ⣬Ƶ⽣Ӱײ
ڻڶ֪꣬ڵ˺£ϳʲô֮ģһЦȺ¼зݣСֵܣһɺãβƽǽѣʲô鷳Աҵš
ֻңֲˣռˣԼȥӣֻҪӦˣաϳûзΪǾ¡
˵ϳϣ˷ЩҩҲᵽֱӰ˸ܣΪ˴һܽ
βƽҡҡͷЦˣСֵܣӵΪˣ˭˲֪˭˲ӣҩеȥ£ʮа˾Żᱻأ⵽𷣡ҿͲҲûͬ⣬͵͵յġǶ͵ȵģͱװǻˣӦ̹һ㡣
㰮Ųţǵõģҿգ㲻СһҲõӵɡŵĻԺɤԡϳֺֺЦβƽԼˣȻС͵
Сֵܣ㻹һͷ׾ӵĻԣƭңˣø˵һʼҾͲ㡣
βƽЦȥѾ˶ԷӣԷҪȻڿռĺô
һС͵һС͵ֺαȥС͵
βƽϥҩԵչա
ҽ棬ȥ̫󣬴գ׷Ҳ
һգеҩϷΪݣһעϳһעβƽڡ֮£Ȼϳյĸ࣬Ϊҩ룬Ĺͬ졣
ϳŶβƽȭͷգɡ
˴ˡ
Էṳ̂ϳ̵ߡէѾ˪³ǣĴУˡ
˰ɡӵĵ̣Ů˶ûߣֲͷϳѻѹѹ˫ۣβƽ
˾ˮˮոġ
Ϊ˱֤ԼЧ˶ƴҩһ
ϳȫٶȽգڵתɣЩ󲹵ҩ
ųɵҩϳһּΪԵķʽյˣβƽֻмһ֣βƽգȴղֻ̫࣬δ
СֵܣЩɣҩˣʲôβƽһһСֵܣ֮ȴź⡣
ϳɿȭͷһսâ¶ŶβƽȰһ䣬ҪôߣҸղѾһ󲽣ǰСԽ׳ء
ңЦ㻹࣬ûаߣռ⴦أѾһˣӦøж²ǡ
ĴټôΪǡҲ룬ûеõҩ֮ҩִ֪óȻҩ鷳᲻֪ȻҸ̡ҩٶȱ죬֤ҵʵ֮ϣ֮¡£㻹εƣͬ޴㲻ǴֵͿ԰޴Ĩȥˡ
ϳ༥βƽ˵һֺŵĴֱ޵ݡ
βƽܹ裬ʱȻŭವһվӿ
СҴ㾹ȻǴɫƣǲ֪βƽǺҲ㣬ΪղŵĻһӵġ
βƽͷһȣ̤ǰƾҪҩѵϳ
ַˣﵽǴҩģǶֵĵطһҩģ㶼Բ˶ߡ
ϳıͬվ
ңԽˡ
ۣϳ³
ԽߣָҩΧͬʱҲָϳԼĵߡ
ϳ飬ȻУͷųһγһΣסΧĻݲݣһԾβƽȥ磬ͰԵҾ磬ȴ赲·ĻݲȫȻ
ϳϸֹ鶯֣ȴҩķֺǱû
һ˸ϳȻ˻׳ȱ˦һɨβƽԴ˲Ծӥӣǧ֮ըѡ
βƽҲǰ׸ģڵĹ侲Ӧԣ־һƣȥӲϳȡ

𣬺ף񱩵ӿȡ
ͣСƣСȡ
СӺôβƽԾԷԤƣƴһʹͷЩѡ
ϳһɨһȣʩչ籩꣬βƽƵβƽУϺˣһԶҩء

˵֫ײ죬ȼһұ񣬸һɢۿɼ
ҿϳס˳ټҩﱾ󷨽ػûбݻ٣ĻǾܽҩһ
ȭŶβƽ·磬þʹѣɱġ
СʶʶǻڵľѧβƽܻĻʽʩչȭţָһָһˮɫ档
¶Ȳߣˮһºͣڲȴ̺ſֲɱ
ÿȻܶľѧβƽʩչģǻΪľѧ֮һ֮
ϳСĵ㣬ǡ֮еġ֮𡯣Ϊᣬ͸ǿմһͻڣֱӷæѡǰǻڵˣڻڵľѧȻ˽⡣

ϳ֪һЩйؾ飬λڵ˸ᵽ֮ǰҲᵽ
һֹѧƷΪʥ𼶣ݰ֮Ļ棬ҪľŸλȥֱβƽʩչ֮֮һҪͨĻ
ֻǿ֮ͬ㲻ǿĻ棬βƽûаѾǷ켫ĳ̶ȣúԶ
ˣȻϳ˾޴в
ˮһĻ棬ֻҪմһ㣬ϳпܣɱ
ΣͷϳսپõԵУڵ˳һն˹ȥ뵶϶Ϊһһ貵ĺâ
ǿٶȲҲǰ״
βƽƶնһ֣նһȣĨ˲ӣ



367 ˵
Ӱϳеĳ֮ͣʱȻβƽʮ⡣
ȾѪȴ˼Ĩʺ졣
βƽվȻĿԼĶȣġ
Ȼֽţ
õĺĵӣڻڵĵΣٲּΪĵӣ򻹴δԹ
ɾʹβƽʶǲпʵһجΡ

βƽҽУס˿ѪĶֽűնϣҲˣϵ˺ǳȻˣĻȫȡ
ﲻһھʹǰʧԺܵҵǰҵĵ飡
ϳ辯棬󻹵ʡ
βƽŶԹĿϳʵ磬֪ܷ͸֣ʵ֮
Ǻǣҵ֣ǴԺŻôϳЦһʱøӱˣߡ
ˣҲĶ֣֮ġһ·˵֮֮Ĵֻʣ޶⡣βƽܵһвѹȶæԱ⡣
Ļܲ԰ס
ģ˵ľʵҽұ㣬Ҳú
仰μס򣬺ܻܿ֡
ǡ
βƽٶ˵ˣ¶Էʱԣסƣ˵ҩųһͷޣſ˱ޱϣӵˡ
ǵҵʱ䡣
ϳҡҡͷһԾصҩ֮УϥȥǶ˴ҩ׳
ҩȻ棬ϳ֮ǰսĵͳͳԭˡ
ǿǿٱǿ
ϳٽٶƽʱļ
û룬һδƽһ
ϳŸûãһȺע⵽˺İٲ
һȺѩɽĻͳһʽס;˵أҩ״ҩȣͺڿһλŮ
֪пܷɣЩ˻ûֿܵסҩջһ֮󣬷׷ҩԶҩ
ϳֱüͷһȺ
һһһȺһȺϳηս̫ʱˣӰÿγ֣ζҪʧᣡ
α˴ϳĻԽԽ󣬼һԡ
ϳۿȺԾԾԵĻвվסٲߣϵΪʮߣɱۣ
Ⱥһ㶣źȻЦ
ûɣȻҪɱǡ
ǰţƤϣЩͳѩɽɱǵ˭Ƿֺ
ɱࡣ
Сӣ˭ԹԹҩⲻĵطЩҩյġ
˵ٲǽҩܰô
ȺûһʶϳټϳûдʽĵӷҲûʦĵȼעȻİ
쿴ϳ˪³ǶŵĻϾֻټѩɽ֮ࡣ
ȺӽҩٶȲ
ģǾ;ɡҵǲ˵󻰣ܿǾ֪ˡϳεʣȻվĿڶ໤ľ룬һԷٲͻָղŵĿԣñĵʺѪȺͷ
һѪսһ
ʱһΪ֮޵ٻӰȻ̤ϰգ趯ҡҷˡ
ֵŮӴɴΨһ¶棬ĮޱȣֵĮǶһʧȥµĵĮ־ı䡣
Į䣬ǧ֮⣬޷
ӡ
һ˵Ŀ⣬˵ĺݺݲһ¡
֮ǰڵĻǣȫɵˣ׷ͣóȻǰ
ãӣԭ
ҿǻûҩȻ鷳ˡ
ͣ£ǰˣǵһƷʦԲ˶ߡ
Ǵһɫúѿ
ƷʦٲٻһطӣǱΪӲû뵽ôù˸š
֮ǰͼȾָеҩпǵӲãȻ
ӸӴأĮƱײදؼ䴫￪
˵ȣȫ뿪
˸ַںΪһ֣Ǿǡ
ϲһȺסΧ£ղϳβƽǳսѾܲˡ
ϳǷϳһҩ˲Уûпʸ
ҩΧϼţŪԼĵ̡
ûѹҲûйĿţǰ˸ͷ
ˣߣ
Ͻ뿪
һȺƵˣһܵıһ졣
м͵͵ͷۣİȻվҩûаҪ뿪˼Ҳûиߡ
ζţ겻˵ȣʸҩ
ȷ£˳˾ȻǾȡ
Сʲôͷʲôϵ
֪Ҫӽ죬δ˵ĸӵĵ
֮Ը뿪̻ܿꡣ
ˣ֮Ĺϵ϶ͬһ㡣
ԽԽóԾ
֮ǰǻΪϳľ˵󻰣ڲ֪ǲǴ󻰣ʵ
һƷʦɱЩݵµĻͬɱ
Сӵ˭

סԺԶ㡣

ǲӣҲϳ
ѻͳͳֱ֮ת뿪һֶö˵
ϳ̧ͷƮȻɵٻӰЦ˵ʹһ仰ͰȺˡ
ûлӦֱӻݡ
˵仰ܵõһӦͲˣԳƵϧ
ϳϰΪҲ֣ȥ
˺Ҳû˸ҩͳͳϳһʱ֮󣬰ٲڽˣһ滨ݣٶҩ
ϳֱһҩڣδͣ
˫ۣϲ⣬֮ϲΪһأҫڸһ
ſƣۻע֮ϣŻսʮָƻΪצܰԵ˫
ȲСҪ춼ͺˡϳп
ˣҲΧֲĶʲôҩģЩҩһһ󣬹ЩҩľһǮ£ٲˡֺ£󡣡
ԺѧϰǲҲҪҩ
һôҩֱӹҩҲɣϲˡ
ҵӣʺչЩݲݣԺֱȽʡġ
ϳ⡣
ӷְٲˣɳݣͷųۣվ棬Ȼϳʹ˸ɫ˼Զ
ҩ͸ȥűˡ
ϳһԾۣһһ䣺о仰ʮ޵ʲôţ
֪ʣָȻʮ޵ͬɡ
仰棬һ޵ùߡ
йŮһֱִֻۣ򣬸˵ĶһʥǿߣƷʦ
תͷϳԭĵĮ仯һ˿ŭ⡣
㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣһ仰Ҳ˵ʲôʱ˵ˣ˵ŭ


368 ű
ϳֿȴС
ͺñڶˮƯˮһǰûйһȤζ
ã˵Ͳ˵ϳճ߶ȣԹԱ졣
ӹϳһٶʾջĿ⣬רĲٿ۷С
Ҳ֣֮ͨ۲ٿʮַҪƶ棬Ҫûء߼۾ͲͬˣֻҪһͷȥա
ССۣǱȽϸ߼֣ӿвٿأ࣬ɡ
ƿնУٶȿ磬ڰҷһֱĹߣ·һϲ񷡣
ѩɽԱűͬСٶȺܿ죬ҲҪѺܳһʱִܵ
ϳ£ȡһΪѡĹͼв
ͼںǬ͸֮ǳа
ͼܽĲر⣬̺֮֮÷ʽ͸֮󣬲ٿˮ׼ߡ
ֲϳһֱûмϹÿ֮ͻտʱ䲻Ƭÿһ϶ġ
ϳͼ뵽ͼе֮Уƽһʵξ
䣡

ѣ
׵գҵĵɽӡ
صǰԵС֮˾ͽò
£ڲͼʱʱ÷ǳ죬һ
ϳһ߲һ
ʱţԽԽԶ·ľɫϱ仯һ֮Χ¶ߣ·ĻѩҲûôʵˣ¶һЩ档ǰɣ¶ٶߣѩʧˣ浽ⰻȻ
ѩɽ¶뻷ʵΪģȻγɡߴҲˣȫԴֶθΪض̬ҩġ
ŤתصֱʣҲֻгȻС
۷ɳѩɽһƬмشѾϡűˣŴĽȺǧģ
ҹڵִű
ӽۿűӵ׳ۣɸ֮˼ɾ֮̾ŸֵֽϳˮһյĽڿлƶֳߴű޷ССѵһҫ𼶸֣洦ɼżһʥǿҲϡ档
׳ۣ̫׳ˡ
ϳĿѣԣ۽󿪣˽ǵĴǸš
¹ۿĿϾӣܿ챻һĶˡ
һ޴Ķɽأű룬κһΪľĶǡԶҲܿ޶֮ϵŵ·һֻڵʥԡ
ϳĿһ䣬˱տָž޶˵ǾǴ˵еġȸɣ
ϳԹԷһֱû˵൱á
ݶϣӲû֣ǵûǾ𼶱ȸζɵľ޶˵һ¯
𼶱ޣ
ʥ֮ϵǿڣͬʱҲǰٻ߼ޣϣҲҲ𼶸߼ıޡ
𼶣Ǳ޵ȼҲߵľΡ
Ψе𼶣ܶ죬յϣܹභʵ֪Ҫʥ𼶻Ҫǿࡣ
ϵĴڣëǣ֮٣ÿһǳȻĶ
ȸǻ¯ԹӦʦһƵҩڶѾǻڵһ־Ҳǿı֮һ
ϳôªţҲ˵ȸĴʴһϳ
𼶱ޣ͹ˣȸȣҵʥ˾͸СһҲ֪ʲôʱҲ𼶣ӵǿıޡ
ϳȻȸ֮ж˼ּᶨִš
ƺǿǸǿ̫߱Զˣ֮⻹иӾʹǿǳɳ

ƿշУԽűĸ߿ա
һЩϳӣҲϵϳɵô⡣
С˭ΪλӵĴϣʲôϵ
֪ǰδ
˽
ǿܸӹһĪ޸ҡǵȾˣ˵һ׷󣬾ǽһһܡ
һ·ɵһΪĲš
Աڶ࣬ÿһʽԱҪǼڲᣬľⷽĵǼǣͬʱҲͨ°š
ϳµӣҪľﱨһʽݣȻӽһİš
ϳ͵Ӿ御ˡ
ڣֱӵҪߵִ£ȴûҵˡ
ԭһŵӣһµҪڣһΪĿˡ
һȻҪ׳ⲻҪѪҺ
ÿһʱ䣬ھͻµİ˴һ츳µӡ
ִԼһⳡλִ½첻ľٰ쳡ء
ӿ԰ϳﲻܣҲѡϳ͹ȥ
˰ﵽףͷ͵
ӻ˵ڶѡ
߰ɡȥĳأﲢԶһɾ͵ˡ˵֮תȥɫٲĳ˸˵Ĺ
ϳƨƨߵĸȥλŮദһʱ䡣

ڱһΪǱݵĵط
Ͱڴ˵ء
Ǳһ߽״ľ޴ݣռǧĶǽھӹ̣ȽҪӲҫ𼶸Ҳƻ
ڲвؿԼָĻװãҪڣ뾭һϵеĿ飬֤ԼǸʸ
ŵĵһΪ֣һ޲Ͷʦδкܸߵ츳ձССƨһǴͶʦڼ֮ǰѾˡ
ֵŵĿǽȻͬģǰֻ츳Ҫ浶ǹƴɱ
Ǳݵ봦
λڶĴƼڴˣռһλ
ñһ¥ͼӳڰУԹЩǹۿ
µӿֳ͵ӣпܱĳѡУƸΪͽܣӴһ졣
֮⣬ֵӱΪʮˣܻʮĳƺţӮ÷Ž
㣬֮ܳ⣬ÿµӣֻʮܻŵӣĶΪӹţٳͷ
ڳڶ֮УλߣһλǸ񣬻λǾƷʦֱǾԼ۷
ʱ˿̣ڹۿеӰжµӵЩ֮ˡ
һӰһս֣趯û磬һ߻ؿսһδλˣ൱ס
Сӱֲףжȣʽսḻҹ۲죬ʵ֮ǰ壬һ־ĥµˡ
˵۷
۽ǸԵ׺һɫƬźɫ·˵ϸϸ
ôһ˵ҲͶ˹ȥסǷս档


369 ֤Լ
һߵĻǾ˿°ϵӲ磬ͷǺֵܲһ¡֮УȻһϯ
λǾ˵˳ø׳䣬ؿڼ¡𣬺һʯֱ֮ϣһƻһ㣬֮ζϵ
۷תͷľϸЦʵ㿴ʵΣ
Ǹ֮һݽڻڵλȻһ£ò·һɷһ۾ͻ⡣ߣһһͬޣǵǽϵ趼൱֮ߣƵǵ˫
Ȼǻڵˣˮƽһ㣬ĸȫǿеĵƴɱģڵ͵սˡ
еʵھУȴۡ
ĸ߸߸İӣˡ۵
۽̫ߣʵСѾܲˣŵӲ⣬ŬŬΪĵҲпܵġ۷΢Ц
ʵ
ͽ
и֮ˣߺúɡ
á
һߵĻǾ°ͣͭĴ۾ɨӣ૵ҵ˺ʵͽܣһûҵء
λһ߹ۿһͷ㣬һĵĻпܾЩµӽˡ
ȥһʱ䣬ⳡٽβһЩͨĵ½½߳ͨǱݵ봦
߹һͺñԾţӴزͬ
ЩͨĵһȫΪûйʮλ֮Уĳɹ
Ϊ֮Ľ룬ͷ̣
ͨĵӾۼһ𣬹ˣЩǻڽѪҺ
һǧ˱֮⣬ֹѹ֮СǿԵȴһλᣬҲѡһ۵ӣԸƽ
վ˫۵ĿӥڶµȺɨһȦĿഥˣоһɷâ⣬ʶŲĿ⣬ߵͷܹĿ⡣
ӽǾǻڵĵˣζʲôһҾͲ˵ˡŵĹأŵҪ֮Ȼ˽̸ǣͬҶ˵һٻʮЩǺȺĴڣԺõŵĴࡣʮ˵˽һ̷޴תۣӮóΪǿߵʸ񡣡
˵ƴн⵶⣬ޱȣɴ䡣
µӲԼܳΪʮλ˶֮еһʵһµӣҲûзϣ漣֡
˵޲Ͷʦ㣬ǡ
Ҫǣĵʮ֣Ȼ̧ͣͷ˿С
գһʮ׳ƿն׼ķ⴦Ǳݵյء֮վӰһŮһУŮֱɴ񻣬еһӢ˲꣬ϳˡ
۵ͻȻⳡ˵ע⡣ڶĿ۽֮ϡ

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ƮƮɣ涼ڲסȻС
ɿ£ϵ˫˫ڶڵϯ
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СӺҲȻһž͵˺ĵӣ
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ż˺ĵӣʲô¡
е㲻ƽ
꣬˵ȥСĻӿڳڵľܹġ
µ˽󲿷˶ϳƸȡе⣬ֲк̶ܴԴڼʣ˵һֲƽ̬
ܶΪϳļⲻ֪ϳֻһС߳˶ѣʲôɽ
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Ŀϳ˵Ҳû˸ңΪʲôᱻƸΪĵӣҪһŷɡ
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ĸ֣˫һ£
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370 ֲ
Աߵִ½Էϳʵǳļ򵥣ֻҪְʯ֮ϣԼ˫˫עȥɡ
ϳͷԶУְʯ棬糱עʯУ࣬ͬעȥ
Ҫһ̣һ͡
ʯϳϳ˼飬ǼĸΪ
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ʥˮ׼ͶߣȣȣȣǿȵȵȣҲˮ׼֮ϡ
Ϊҫ𼶳ˮ׼

س˫ޡơͭƤǡ
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Щϸϳʵ뱻֪ˣѾı䡣
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ʽõһ룬Ȼоͷ´ɿµѹѹм䣬һ޵ĴڣһȥٶȻŻѪӿھҴܡ
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һ˫צ֮ϵȻ߳ɣҲû˸ղŵ
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ոհܱ˳뿪µӵĶ飬ϳʱ򣬰дСĵ㣬ҹΪ˺ܰԵ֮ǰڴʱ򣬾Ϊ˵·ͰǼɱˣ൱˵Ҫɱ㣬ɲ˵ģȷʵó
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ϳɶԷɽӴйأʴ˷ʡ
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ҽʶ㣬޹ϸȻûûޡղ֮ѯɱ᲻гͷֻΪһûûأɱǳе飬˶ѡҹ
ɣʱҲûûءϳԡ
ҲֲñˣֻܹԼʵ˵ô
һԼ̫ҲпǶԷʵ̫ǿ
ϳЦһ䣬Ȼ両ֳһĹӰǵصɱ¾֮ɢ



372 
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ʥ𼶱ޣ޵
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裺ĳڿ趯и˵壬ն˵̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ
նޣɱ¾һ壬սһ塣ӵ֮һնն赲ǰһУɱ񣬷ɱ̬ƣǱ̬ʹôһʮΡ
ӰĻӰԴԻˣĹء̬ƣǱ̬ʹôһʮΡ
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378 ޵
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ĵȲ͸Ƭһƴʵޱȣн࣬͸һɡ
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ϳŻ˾ޣΪ޵޽Լγڶһģһʥ޵УƵݡ
ۣ
һ죬̳ڵϵͼȻϵ·ڻܵˡ
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ͼģÿʹһξһΣ˾ͻ᳹ױϡͼξͱˣǰܱܿʹùȫµġ
ҿξٻֻ޵˫
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ϳоһϵĳЧоһЩŵ
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ٲȻٻ˶ϱжϱٻ˵ͨ졣
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ߣ˭䡣Ϸѩ졣
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˯֮ǰϳǱǧ﹦˳ѧᣬһ˯ĸо



379 һ
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Ϸѩգգؼϵ֣ǧ﹦ʲô
׳õĹ֮˱ͣҹսٴ׾١ϳ˳Ϲ
㡣ϷѩϳһۣΡ
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ϳһЦһѧ˹ٳŮˡ
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ãϳŷŹŮг˯ȥ˯֮ǰʩչոѧĴǧ﹦Լ˴ߡ
˯Уϳ徹ȻתԼΪºͻٶȣڵʹھߣγһѭع鵽ڡ
˯ú֪ܳ巢״ȫʶ½еġ

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ʦû˵ʲô㵹ѵˡϳԹ
ѾͷʦҲʦ˸Ӵ򲻳һƨ˵£͵㡣
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¯ԽԽȣһư¯ڵĸҩһķת䣬ᴿۡ
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ˣˣĳͻ𣬰
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ʦ㿴ϳ˻еĵҩƵ԰ڡ
΢üͷʵǰƹõ


380 ҩ
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ϳһõԽԽٶҲԽԽ졣
ϧõûãƳҲֻӵϳĹкȻϧ
ҲãҪõӵǣõͳǶˣٻܳ档뵱Ľ̵ʱ򣬾ôʦͽɰõһǶԡǰ¡
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кܶؼĺĵݣÿ¿ȡһҫϵؼҫµؼġ
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ֿͷŵɲУҪġԡ˵ȥ֮󣬻γһƣҪΥԣƾͻЧ˺ɱ˵ɱڡ


381 
ϻɱ˵ԣϳһ
ȻΪ˷ֹѧ⴫þֶΣֻ֮һûв͸ǽôܣҲⲻй¶鷢ҳȻľѧʵй¶ȥˣֻǴղѡһЩܶ˵˳
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˽Уһʱޣʱͽй䣬ʱӶһ·˵Ц֣ѵõĿһѡ
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392 鵤
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ԱߵƹڴͣҲȡһĵҩϡ
ҩܳ󣬺Ʊɳʴʯͷ͹ƽŵۼ
ҩҲϳҾͳ׷ˡǰʱ򣬾ûϳƹָָԼĵҩ
Կϳҩͬʱһм
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۲ȡ
ϳҩתߣκǱ˼ҵĶ
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쵤ҩҲҪиݰɡⷽмңҳ⡣Լ࣬¶ڡ
ͽˣϲûֵҩʱϹġ
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˵ɰƷһЩҩЧ棬˵רŸ˳Եģܴ֮壬ҩЧҩֳصܻסˡڱķ棬Լʱӡ
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394 
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ΣֻǸưˣʵϴҶˣ˭Ҳ˭Ʋ壬嵱£֪ˡ
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ϳ߰ǰܱڳ㵤۸ǿö࣬½СȻĻϲ


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үӣ˵ҩǲνľϳЩ̤ʵʵ
Ҳܿ϶ӽָ˳һСˣϳϣһ档
ҳԣҩȴҳԣҩЧǿĵҩҪһڳԴˣǡ
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ô죿˵ҳԻǲԣ
ôǮŪĵҩȻҪԣǰæˡ
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˵ԣ㵱Ȼںϳ˶һۡ
Ĵ˼ɣϳǱѡֻܶһԣΪջʵ̫ˣֵΪ֮ðգ
ϳһھͰѾȥ״̬״̬ѣϢּתһſչһøߴĽɫҶΡΡȻ绪ǡ
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ЩҩҩɢʲôЩҩҪΪ֮󣬵ҩŻЧ
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˵֮ǰǵС磬ѾչΪԭ֮ˣɽɫҩΡȻƤûбơ
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ȣ֪²ܰɫҩɹ
ϳѾ˳־ս׼ĸҩȥһ첻оʮ죬ʮ첻оһ£ֱҩɹΪֹ

죬ϳλ͵˰ȫջŮﰲ
ӣϳÿ찴ͰæתҪҪҪɫҩϾ
ֱ֮ϳϷЩۼ֤Чġ
һ˺۶ѣʱǲɹˣֻȣñ֮󣬺ܾòܿҲ

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μʦףʦǧ롣ϳ湧ʩ˵Ļȴű߼ʡ
ϰΪҲСϧӦһ
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ܿ죬ԿʼƷҩˣ֮ǰȰѾСɣܴþҪͨʽá飬ɽȻ
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ͬҪĻҲַͬΪŸƷһƷΪͣƷΪߡ
ҪճΪһϸʦϳȹ⣬ҵ֣
ʦҪ֣˵ڵġؿߡŸָרŸ˵ʹãǲǸȥһˣϳѯʵ
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ڵطˣȥתתһؿߵķɡ
ϳ˫һĿܣѡһӵضһͷ˽ȥİĵص硣


396 
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ؿͨ˴һͨȥǰĵط͸Թһ
ֲָޱȡ
ϳǿ󣬼ȻҲǿ;·ǿԱáԽߣ¶ҲԽߣҲֻߵֿܵסͨͱ˸ˡ
⻹ֻǱѣ㲻ؿߵŽȣ߶ѳסõֻȥ
ϳǿȻˣһҪȥתһתĿ겢ЩΪԵĸƷ
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·ڴһӰһü꣬һ˫С۾䣬һ־ˡŵӻռǣһС죬һ֡
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ͼֶһݣò򡣡ϳȱȱ
֮ǰ׼һԼؿߵĵͼûеͼָ˳ҵ
ĵͼҵĵͼһĵͼ֪Ƕǰģصݶ׼ȷݵͼ³¯ģؿߵĽҪǱע˸ڵλá϶ΪⱾͼ֣ߺܶԩ·ﳬֵ
չͼᣬϳһҳ滭ŸӵͨṹһЩڵλá
޻һ𡭡
ͬλڲͬĵط
ϳĿ΢ݵͼᵹеôĵͼûЩע
һݶǮϳʵ
ٺ٣ֻҪҶѡЦ˻
ãˡϳȡһСƱ˶Է˵ͼᣬ﷭
СֵܣǵһؿߣɲһĵطΣգһЩΣգһЩ˸ΣգòһᣬؿһЩΣյ˺ȸղǷݵͼáҪдŵˣһҪӷ
ȡһӣλᡣ
㵹ǻ⣬ͼᡣϳ֮µ΢΢һЦ
СӪѣȡ裬ݻЦ
ⱾǮ
ҡ
ˡ
ðɡ˵ͼķݶϣۿۣҪʮҡ
ϳߣʮҲۿۣ
ߣߣֻİܿ˰ɣİٲо٣űһЩλ
ϳ⼸ңǰҲ֣򿪷˷
мԼӦĽܣЩȷʵΣգǳǣһЩ˰һЩɱ˶ᱦĹɱһЩ˵صˡȻΥŹ棬ֻҪץѱͲ¡Щ˾ϲա
ؿ߲̫ƽ
ϳᣬҪ뿪һαǼסˡ
Сֵܣ⻹Ц
㻹ҪʲôϳֺֺЦ
ؿ߿ɲģҪܶ׼һЩȵĵҩһЩˮֵĵҩЩﶼУ֤ۣͯ˳Կϵ
һЯС䣬ȸСȫӰˣʲôС
ϳɨһۣҡҡͷûȤЩԼС
ǰӶеãǰЩͳûˣһҲۡ
һбԸ֪һ¥ǳţĹɡҡһ䣬ֳƤ͡
ûȤˣǡϳ˼ľһΣһ㣬ӶԷ߷Ӷ˦˵ţƤǡ
ֻǰһתʱϳѾʧˣҲ֪һͨһ
ŵӵٶ֮죿
۾ɴһЩ
ŵӣŵӵձʵʮ˽⣬ղϳչֳٶȣԶԶŵ֮ϡ
һﲻ򵥰
곣켣ؿߣǸ͵˾˺׼жϳϳͬһ㡣

˼֮ϳǰԽԽǱ״ʱڿ˵һ
һصУһɫĻȼţɢž˵ĸ¡һʯڻγҽУӿݡ
ǡ𡱣һƷ𣬱Ƚϳ
룬ѾºˣϳۣûɵƷ֣ľ
ֵӶھ𵽾ãǿ󣬾ǿ
ڵĶǿߣõĻȫǰƷϵͷų󺣣
ûʲôͷȥҡ
ϳ˸ʱҡҡͷǰ𣬼̽Ѱ
߰סһǧסǧס
Ǳǧʱϳؿߵ򣬴￪ʼͱȽϸ߼ˣͬģΣյĿҲ
ϳһͨǰȻʡ
ǰһĸأͺһѨͨӴ˵أȥϰɢڴˣȼš
źܶĻˣеڸ·е𣬻еϥ
ͼϼһŦҪȻ١ϳ
ִƼ֮ܿҵʺϳ𣬱Ͼ˴εĿ겢Ǻֻܴ嵽Ʒѡ
ϳһԾͨŹ̵ұԾ
һЩע⵽ͻȻֵϳһϵĻռǣԼͨͨĸ·ٶȣʧȥȤջĿ⡣
Ʒʦؿ߾൱ϰĴڡ
ϳһ·ۻΧһ𣬷ֲͬܵĴҲͬ
еΧסеʽ
Ϊ֡
үӣɫһ£ʲôҵ֨һϳ
Ĵ߾ˣкʵȻ˵
ϳתһȦ;ʮ𣬶ȴһֱûпҲû̫ġ
ûʲôرõ𣬿ߡϳͣ˽Ų૵
ĽűߣǡһʽΪĻ𡱣Ʒ
ؿ˽ޣûʲôͷȡ֮ǰĵͼᣬ˿ҿûʲôעȷһĿꡣ
ǸҿŵĻ𣿡
ʱһ


397 ͵
ϳѭȥ˵һС꣬òŵӻռǣϴźƵ΢Ц
ʵϳֻվ￴ͼѣŵĻûκȤȻֹȥա
㣬ùҡϳӦָָȸԾĵĻ
лС˿
ϳϴŽߣԵװͰ͵ģΪ࣬û뵽ô˵Ļʩչ֮ʼǰĵĻ𣬽˿˿ƵĻ֮УҪһЩʱ䡣
ϳͷеĵͼᣬɫźʵ
С״΢ЦݵͼӦڸսʱİɣʵ㣬ˣؿڵ𾭳䶯˭ҲͼϵıעдġŵͼıעҹȥʲôҲ
ұƭˣϳһüͷ
ֵ֮ͼ;󡣡
лѡ

ٰҿⱾûãصǷʵϳȡᣬ˿
СһյĻһͶȥһᣬЦⱾӵеã˳ؿߣҲкܶ뿪ˣΪǡ
ôе
ϳСĻԽͼһҳҳķݼ
ڹϣ벻鷢ˣ
ŵĻͻȻ䣬·һʢĻſƮһŻȭͷСܻȼգʼձ״
̫ͻȻվԱߵϳԼС궼һ
³Ȼһ
үӣô£ϳʵ
ΪлòŴСֻ֣˱ѡлһ֣ƷΪƷֻڱʱƿĽ͵
˵лΪ⣬վֻƷȻ
ϳôһ˵˾ؼйڻлļأȷʵǰһ£ϵľ֮ɫ֮䵭
ǲƷ˿ɾͲͬˡ
ô£СۿͻȻðĻлһ죬ܸоõŻղյĵĻǿö̺࣬żǿ
ðСĽ
Χ෴Ӧ˶ע⵽˻лĳ֡
쿴ðһŻл𣡡
Ʒ𣬲
ߣȥ
ΧʮӰƿշӣٶһһ죬׷׳嵽л𸽽
Сվڻл棬ǾлˣټùȻЩл˹в
һŵӣõƷ𣬸ҹ
һ⴦쳹žͼһѸ͵ӰĳйԺɨǧʹһɨȣСϡ
꣡
Ϲ֮С쮷ɶɳ˼ʮԶײұϡ
ۣ
С˲ܵشѪ漴ڵϣ²ʡ
ղ˹ͻȻ˴ϣȻܵɣټһȱɵ˺ϼˡ
һżҪ
ϳĿ̣üͷߺ󷽵˫ۺâէ֣Ͷ˳֮ˡ
һ޿׵ӣһӣ˫ۺͭ壬ĿͱˣɢϢΪ󣬻ſ׵ˣ϶ŻĻռǡ
Ļ
𱣻һͬʱҲƹһЩִȨʿǹٲ
ֵòǴᣬ˵ֱӾͰһ߷ɣԭŻݡ
ȺٶȺܿ죬˵ٶҲм˳嵽⸽˺Ļл
γɶţвһЩʵõ֪Ѷˣֻˡ
һ˵ͷǸղų˵Ļ
һ˵ͷµˣö
һλͷ嵶꣬ɢŵƣ·ʱ
ֻһ
ˣؿʱϡ档
ϳΪһµĴڣģΪлһЩ룬û⵽ԡ
˭ûλŵӷ
ǵкܶ඼ŵӣŵ֮ϡ
Ǵӻۣͭɨɨ˵ͷĿ񷣬˾ƹǼֵǰһŻӦøǣܷ͸棿
ʱ켣ؿߣ˴Ȼʶǵ֣ȫдϳǱؿߵˣǵĴͷ
˾ƹָĽˣеƤЦⲻЦһвͨղű߷ɵ˱ĸ磬ѵҪŻлø
˵ûĵرӦɸֵֵ֮Ƕ񷡣
ҪΪҽپͺ۸˭Կһءӻŭ
򣬺Էڣߵ
ãʹ˭˭ӻˢһӰγԼıһꪡ
˫ãƻײսһ
˾ƹʱλûҪΪһ˺֮ǻǵ㵽ֹΪҸɳһˣд裬˳ʤ£˭Ӯˣл͹˭
ӻ붷һۣĬ顣
ƷȻϡУֵΪ֮ƴ
һˣд裬˭ӻüʵ
˭Ǿ˭ˡ˾ƹƻһЦ
ͬ˼˴ʣһ˾Ϳɽۻˣܽʡ˭ҲԸͷ
š
ʱϳȻվԭأ䣬ӡ
ղС걻߷ɵʱŭִˣΪ뵽ʦĶŰѻѹѹϾûʲôϵֻƼˮѣ̵ס
͵£
ӶϳеҪϳӦġ
ˣЬȹʺЩˡ
ϳԼȰԼһ䣬ת뿪
ˣҲûʲôˣƫƫʱǸӻһľ
Сӣ̫ˣ㻹Զ㣡
ӻע⵽תϳѻϳϡ
һԾϳ̧߹ȥȷǿƿ죬ϳĺϡ

ϳߵûΣصըʹ
֮ǰС߷ɳȥġ
һֵϳ
ӻһ֮һ£Ϊܰµŵ߷ɣû뵽Է˸һβڵϣǻ˼¶ѡ
ղһȣɲ˭ܽסġ
һŵУȻ
һõһȣ
ӻյݣתһȦȱ˦õ֮ǰһøΪͰԵɽ鱩
ɲǼ䣬һֻȻ̧ǡֵĽס˺ɨľȡ

쳹
֪ôд𣿡ϳһֽסӻȣתͷ˵ƴӱľԨд


398 ɨ
ϳǱĴڳ˶С
ʣΧһǿƲ۵ŵӣȻһѽס˸ղһȣٶȣǶȣȫǱѰ
ΪԾȻǳȵĴӻΪһԽǰİ߷ɣǽһȴû뵽Էץסȣ
֪ôд
仰Ǻ⣿
ӻòȵСӣҵɿ
߹ҵȣҲϣղȥˡϳ̧˿ŵ֣ۣϬ¶ΪһӰ
һɿµĵɢϯܣΧˣ·˵Ĳϣ䣬飬ɱڡ
ǿĵƣ
Ϊĳֵ겪Ȼɫһݡ
ǵ͵ĵͣϵͷ޶ǵڵ¹๦ĵƾͺǿˣڽ𼶷Χںе֡Ȼǹɵƣĵǿö࣬ߵĲ֮һϣһڵ¡
ȱ˸Ϊ˽⵶ƣȻܸܵɵƵĿ¡
ֻĵ͸֣ͷųôǿĵƣ
δѾʰ·ˣ˼ҵĶ֣̫ˡͬʱҲ϶һ㣬ǰİŵӶѡ
ϳ۵һֻнŵȺݺն䣬貶Ŀ
µģκƱۣǸӾȻҳ׻͵ߡ
޿ʱ̡
Ŀ֮£նǸӻȡ
ۣ
ȷɳ˿ڿѪ
ӻҽһֻʣµȵˣϳ˾롣
һϳһһеĶըѿѪɢɣõǣȾһѩ׵ĳۡ
Ѫζɢ
һЩѪڹ̵ĵ棬̵졣
ѪȵĻ棬ӳһ£ǰİ겻ʵָǺֶβǲ
ߣ˵ʵɲ⣡˾ƹǸ̵ƲŵĨͣһ֣˿ٺˡ
ߣѾˣҪô֣־Ҫһ
ϳһ۳һ֮ǰϬĵд⵶ƣһ·Ӻī⾳
˾ƹȻûϳȴҲʲôöǷдΪؿеҩģһЩ˵Ĺ
ֱָ˾ƹһɱɱǵصѹȥһ֮·ǰһͨĹš
𡢱ɱң˾ƹɫɷףһˣһ߳ģȻһжˡ
һˮīڰͿĨ·ڰ˾ƹֱƶ㿪ȴġ
һ̫ˡ
ۣ
˾ƹһնɱûκη֮ͷѪɳֻͷʬ彩ԭءʬڹԣһξ룬Եڵء
ؿһЩ˾ƹ񣬾Ȼһɱˣĸɴ䡣
˷ѽǣ֮˴ŵӵĻռǡ
̫ϳˣ
ҪŵʵͽŵˣܵĵӣߵһЩְʵˣǲᱻûġ
һЩӦ뵽ݣ˵ͼĵӻռǣʵϵԶֹˡ
ղһϣ˵ͱһѡ
Χ¶Ⱥܸߣӻȴһ˸ͨ͸ȥ˾ƹʵಮ٣Ȼǰһɱ˾ƹǾһɱ
ӣ
ӻ׷˵ֿ뷨һߵһͷŷбޣ˵ء
ϳ˾ƹ񶼸˳ֽˣ߹Լһŵ뿪
һ˫նʹˮĵնڰµɫī
ȥûԶĴӻ˫Լȶնϣ˱ûûŵĲзϣˤ˵ϣͷųıҲһնɱΪ⣬ع硣
ղ֮ûһɱֻԵͷѡ
һȣԶԶԵ
⵶̫ˡ
ĿϳʩչˮīĿ¶֮ɫֻþޱȣǵһμôĵ
֮Ҫ̺⾳֮Լ֮
ĸ֣ɱ¾УʹΪһ
ͬΪͣ˵ĵˮ׼̫ˡ
ģȻնҵֽţӻƿڴԹ
仰ΪԡϳĮĿѪ֮еĴӻ
֮ǰγɶŵһţеˣеɵˡᣬͷĶʲôǿȥ
ЩΪˣͬÿ
ҲһѵǵԺһЩ̫о仰˵úãǲʱδ
ϳסȭͷЩɢӵһȭȭɨ˷羪İһ죬ʮͬʱܴͬʱɳͬʱѪ
⻹ֵĽϳº֣ɱЩͬϷ
ɨ
һ˾ͰȺ˺ɨˡ
һҲ֣ɨ˶ǻεˣֻŵӣɨǵ˿Ǹ߸ϵĺĵӣͺñǻȺ
ϳջȭͷŹЩ˵ˣתͷڰŵĻл
һ˶ΪŻлģҿ˭ҲҪŻˣ
ϳճ֣ͷųצ֮£γצ״ǻлץ˹ȥ
һЩԹ߼״ΪϳҪлΪС
𣬱͸ʵǿߡ
ȻЩˣϳϡƷеıϳ֮
צץסл𣬺ݺݵļѹŻ󱬡
䣡
汬ȴδմצֻצп衣
Ļл
ϳһּ򵥱ķʽлݻ٣ɿצʱлѾɢĻ磬Ҳ޷۳ΪĻ
л𳹵ױϣûҪΪˡ
ֱΪ˶Ϊۣ֮޲ôһ㲻ҪҰ
ϳ˻л𣬽ìͷһη˴ӻϡ
ģֵĸһʹ죬ĥңӻڴ󺰴УǸˣûģ
ðҾ͸һʹ졣ϳһڴӦָУٴ۳һŲԶĴӻһն
âһӻɥ
ϳһɱ¾һɨڳһڶ
ʦǶԲ˼ңҹУ׻ˡϳпЦ
ɱ˼ˣôˣǳʲô鷳
ϳҲ鷳鷳Ϲ֮£Сһ
ɱˣҲˣϵĵ˳·𻹵ʡζʣµ˶ȫˡ
ͷĿΨǸûбɱȻúõԭءУֻжӼȽ٣ֻ˵棬ûиļأϳһ֡
ĿȵĿϳ鼤ƽԷĵ۷ˣͶء
õǿ˵ָǿֵز
һʱһ嶯ľ̤ϳľһΪͽ


399 ׷
˫زʶֻǵһμ棬μѪζƽ
֮£񷾹ȻͻȻҪϳΪʦɼжôϳĵ
ˣΪͽɣѧٴϣĿȡ
ϳһ㶣漴ףȱȱԼǱ˵ͽܣʲô㣬ɡ
һھܾ˶֮ϳһץʬĴץ
Ҳ⣬սƷϳһ򲻻
պ˴ϳתڻԵСꡣ
Ȼ˫Ƽˮ꣬ɾͳǼ̸ϳҲܿ˹ȥסС̽һ
ãˡ
ϳС꣬ʹ俿ǽϣΪ˹ˣͷųһɹ͵עԷڣ̼˥뵤
̫񱩣ʺսȴˣֻõ
ϳһ߰Сˣͬʱȡһҩ˶ԷУ˫¡
˶ӣȴûԷһ;飬ײġһ·˹վϳһξϹ񣬿ңΪͽֻҪܸѧʲô鶼Ը
ģϳͷҲص
һϳڷɶʱϲæȻģ
ǺãΪͽھʹǰʧжԶԶҡ
ʱйԭǰĵ͸ֻûлת⡣
֣ˣѧͰ͵Ŀ
Ҳϳ̬Ȳġ
һϳڶûʲôӡ󣬶ԼҲǸӣĶǿ߻Զͽȱȱ
ϣϳնΪͽ
˵Ϲ飬㶷ѹ裬ϳҲת⡣
ϳ˫£СתΣΪڵ𽥺תָò˶þͻѹ
ϳ御ƣֱ뿪˵أǰߡûҪȻûıҪ
ϳһԶҧҧ׷ȥ
ۣ
ϳûתĵȴͻȻһۣ붷񷻮˽ޡ
ңƨ棬ֻҪߣҾɱ㡣ŵĻԿ
ϳ侯档
˵
ɫһ䣬ԥһ£վûҿǵߣԭء̾һôĵͣȴԵݶԷΪʦֻʧ֮ۡ
ѧղīȾյĵٻʮ꣬Ҳˡ
ߣݲҲ֪˭૵
⣬Χܶ˶⣬Ūǰݣȴûһ˸ȥ׷ʡ
ú
Сֻʹδܡ˿ܣԼұϣΧ˸æģ˭Ҳû
Ŀһɨ״ҵʬӳһ
ȥ˶ؿСһ
ղŵ׷ʲôЩôģСѯʡ
ΧĬȻûκ˻ش⡣

ؿߵ²
¶ȸߵףóһֽò˶þͻᱻԶȼ
ϳǰٶȷɿ죬ղŵСС粨ѱ˾⣬¡
ݵͼļأԼѣ߾ˣ׾ҵһЩƷ𣬲ֻиֲȥʵĻȥ
ϳһ·УһʺҪżڵ˾ۼڴ˵أġ
⼸ע⵽ϳؿڴĻռɨ˼ۡ
ιͷ࣬ˣŵȥƾܲסһ˳Ժǳ⣬Ҳһ⡣
ϳû飬ڼУһΣȺ˹ȥ
䣡
һ̣ϳͷųһɻ·һ׿ϣ˲ϼӾʱ̩ͨ
Ũ۶ɣһֱȽϳĻֶΣֻҪΪˣȻܰ쵽
ϳһ㻤ɢ˵ΧЩ˴һ
ʲôЦ
һŵôͷų壿
ⲻܣ
ŵӣǸռһǼٵģ
ŵҪôЩŵʲô
ʵôǿȴŵӵĻռǣֱҪ
ΧȺ۷׷ףǸղųԾϳȥΪѿҲΪ߿
ϳٶȷɿ죬ܿͰЩ˦
ŵװȥˣԱװˡϳһѳؿڵĻռǣ
Żռǲûõ͵ԵøӸߵˣȫΥ˳ԡ
ϳ壬룬;˸ָҲ½һЩˡܹ˲࣬ûһǰ׸ġ
ǧסǧסǧף
ϳһ·˵°ǧף·˻𺣵Уһͻᱻˡ
һ·ϣ˲ٵвһЩģûмȥ
ĵһ֮أѡ
ϳܵʱǰȻһεĻ˹ȥһͨٶޱȣɢǾˣԶԶϳ֮ǰ
ʲôϳһݡ
۾⣬һ˳ûĻƷףڻ𡯣
ģϳ˫һ
ףڻھȷļأƷеٮٮߣܹΪΣĴӵһ˿ԣ͸һ
ףڻɱ֮ǰĻлǿˣ֮
Ʒϳֽ׶ܽļޣƷϵ𣬾׸Ҳղֻǻ
ϳףڻպʺȥգ׷ȥ
ã׷ȥ˵ϳȻӿٶȣλһģӰӣڵĵضڿٴ󣬳忪޴ڵΧұڡ
ϳƶĻ׷˹ȥԷٶȷǳ֮죬Ҫ׷Ͼ¡
һһڵصڼٴʱУʱ䣬۵糸ϳ׷ᡣ
׷һ룬ϳ׿Ż档
һ˶ߣΣͷϵһƷͷ֮µǡȷʵǴ˵еףڻɡ
ףڻһ˿ԣܹ˼оԼ׷ϣŭˣͻȻչ˦ۣÿ˦һΣͼһŻ
죬ͨڴ;ĺڰұΪ֮ڻ
һĻ棬ϳ£ǰϮЩͲͬˣȫմĻ
ϳҴ⣬εʣǰն·ëʻһʵĺĺˮϮĻһһ
ˣԹԵҵĻְɣ
ϳڿգٷУףڻ׷˹ȥ˫ľԽԽ


400 
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401 
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ȷϰٷְϳ˻ԥĶ֣Ըеɣ˶˼ء

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ϳɽӴ󲿵˾Ⱥ֮Уоɲһֱԭء
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ջûʮ˳
˫಻һףϳϢת𹦷Ʈ˰С˫任־һĳն׼ǰĳջ𣬿ʼա

һƳջߣע뵽ϳеУսȥ
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˫ۣתԴԴϵע뵽֮ϣһ֡

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䣡䣡
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ӢӹȻͬ죡


403 ص׼ս
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ϳţǿţŵķɧԷȻҫߣȴԵʥԴ
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404 
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405 һƷ
пХƲӿһգԶʧʣҲ֪ɵ
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ҼŸȥϳͲˣûнӹ磬ǵ
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ǵԽˡ˹ȥֱͦ壬ʽһ˿СԺ΢죬ǣճߣ͹¡
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֮ǰȸŮľףһ·ƿշ˴ǰֻ˺̵ܶʱ䡣
׵ִĿĵأ׵İкȻը죬ΪȸŮؼص־Ķǡ
ŵԼϳؿ˽ΥŹ棬ͳ˧֮󣬻ٸȥֹرסϳ󣡡

һָ߼ĴʽֱӽԼ֮У촫Ѹ£·
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406 
׶߶ԣνת˲
ɱԽҲԽΣգøǿ죬
һɲǣ˫Ե֮ӿɱ⣬羪κˣɱ纮˪졣
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ϳͷųĵӰĴЩӰԼ棬ȫļ󣬻оԼ
类ȳӦԣǳʮ׵ľ޴âϮĻӰһһ飬֮ʱ¶յ
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ƫе˵֮ڵɫҩҩһ顣
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ϳܵҩ鲻ԽķХ֮ըѣ飬ܵĽ赲ʮ⣡


407 ̥
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ֵܶ챻ˡ
⵽ǴģΪλ˼ֶֻ̣ΣΪʲôղŲãֱ˲ãһ֮ǰ򶨣ܻĺ
ϵȫκˣɢϢȸղŸˣˣǼˡԱ߿ţּĿѡ
ԽɱϳϳԽǿ֮ǰͻһΣֱǿһΣ飬̫ˡ
Ǻ޲ֱӳȥϳ˺飬ȴֻܸɵ۵Ŀţʲôˡ޷ͻǲ⣬ǹȥҲǰ״
ǣʱпֹܹǣп٣ʱͳûϷˡ
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۸࣬ͬʵ޺޵ȷŹԺѰᣬҾͲÿζôˡ
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ģʦƫмӣټٲõִȨңҲ£ܵ޹ؽҪСͷˡ
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Ϊһ֮ĳЩ޸֮С
һ֮ޡ
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ۿϳƣֵ˫˫ɫ
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˫˭Ҳɱ˭ʱп˹ֹⳡսٴȥʲô塣
ϳֵģͰǲڹѵ棬ʲô¡Լ
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ϳϵĽչײȻ飬ʤһ
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ڰཻ˫֮ӿ·ʮһ쭣˵˵ƻȻеʥ𼶳ΪΣһ
񱩵ŽڣںȻըѪ⡢ñ˵ɶѪصײ˺󷽵ұϣǶС
һĻǡñϹϳĻǾһ



408 ҩֹ
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ΪǾϳ
һûõĵӣ츳ôߣҲǾӢӵĶ֡һսһϳ䡣
ȻϵʱȴϳɵһĻǽһҡ
һѪһ߷ɣײұȻ˲ᡣ
ٿϳ⣬ӿս·Х֮ɢϢǾеľ
ϳﻹҪ˾ȣ
Ҫ˾ȵ磡
ס֣ٴˣµǾһұ
ϳ˻Ǿɫб仯ȫԭء
Ǿϵ˵أһҲȥˣֿԡǼСôţҲǻǾĶ֡
ϳֹͣ˹ƣվԭأһͷ
ұмѵ˳ԵǱ
̫ˣͬΪڵӣȻɱǾѵ
ǾǶβңȶҶ֡飬ܶ˿֤ϳʵʵ˵
֪֪᲻ϳľӢӣֻҪܸԷһЩ鷳ǾǺõġǱԷҧһڣ鷳Ŀɾˡ
һĲ죬Ե޹ʣֶԸ㡣˲ǵѪЦ
ҺҲԵ޹ʣϳ
չ磬ûǾһͷ
ˣ˵ˣ֮鲻ҹܣֻⳡֹġҪǼھҸűķ䡣Ǿ
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֪ϳʲôҩԿ϶ǣһǾƷģƷµĵҩûôЧ
СӳԵĵʲôҩЧ˰ԵǾ⡣
ҩ嶼ûмǾȻ²Ǻֵҩ
˵Ĳᣬһߴˣʱʱ͵۹۲ϳϳϵ䣬Щ
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ʱƣӣϳܲסˣѪʹһֱը֮У·ʱᱬ

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Сӣôˣе
˽һɵҩʣµİ˳ҩڼҵ壬еԲˣȥǡϳʹ
ҿǱ飬زȫйؾĲֻ֣ȼҲֵ֪ҩôõġ²ʹõģܲסͱҩˣҩѹȥ
ɲңҸղ˼ΣҪЩҩûãҩʵ̫ǿܿƵġ
ô죿ҪǱҩǾ̫ԩˡ
ǾΪܰҰҩѹȥ
ϳʱţһǾԼѴ˶Է
ԵĵʲôҩЧΪ˰ԵҲܾ㡣Ǿ
ڲǲҴŵʱϳֻʵҳԵǾ
ǾԶȻɫ˫۾âէ֣һ

鵤ʦƲֻӦشҩЧޱȾˣдЧ
ǾƳôһͣǵһԹˣǰֻ˵ѡ
֮ǰϳԵǾƷҩʵϱ²ĸӸ߼鵤
ҿڵǾ̤ǰֶ⣬ϳŴעУ̽һܵϳڵ
ǺХҩд֮ЧҲأ
ҩһҫܳܵġ
Сӣ̫ðʧˣֻ֪ʥԼ߲ܳסҩҫ𼶣һߡǾü
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𣡡
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Ǿ۳ΪһչţΪľĶǡ
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Ǿڰæϳõ
ϵĽǸܣԺһҪɱ
ǾһŬϳڵҩѹѹʱȶסϳСһ뿪ؿߣ档ͷųһۣ
·;УǾϳѹҩиϳΣա
һݿ£ȻǾ棬Ҳ۵ͷ󺹣ų˺üҩ

һ·ƿշУִ֮ű
ʱϳȻûΣգڵҩŰݲ塣
Ǿϳֵܱŵٲãȴһķ䡣
ϳյʦ
ѵ֪ϳȫˣϳ֮ԵʮֵȻûйıʾ֮ǰھϳʱˡ
ʦͽָ鷳ˡϳڵľʹЦ
ڲ̸ЩʱԺʰ㡣ӵ
ʦʰͽܣ쾭塣
֪ͺáһ֣ȥˡ

ϳôãֻûݡ
ʦͬǾһ߽ڡ
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ϳþ⣬ֻܿǰСŮֽ
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409 
ض񡣡ȸŮ֣ϳϳ˵һҼһ¡
ǣϳӦ˹ȥ
аզ࣬ȸŮȻһǸСŮ棬˭ܲ³ǸǧϹŶ
һ·ߵǰͣ˽Ų
ͷȸŮԸ
ϳԹհ죬Դ
ȸŮż⣬۵С֣ϳĶͷϣУ̽ϳ壬ڲһš
ԵĹȻǾСӣ湻˵ģȻܵõôϡе鵤ݹǿߣ֪˵УֻԹȫǳȻǵĸ˶Ҳʵ͵һȸŮ̾ջ֡
ҩǳˣȴܲסҩϳЦ
ð죬ܲסҩҩתƸҲˣҿڵҩȫȻעԼڡ

ϳһЩҩεת͡
ưŵġȸŮЦֻ࣬ͯŻѣҵݣһС޵Ķ
ԭֻǸЦ
ϳ˿εȤҲʶȤˡ
Цˣ˵ġ֪ķ÷ʽ𣿡ȸŮɫʵ
֪ҲײҩЧ
ľ֣ʵĺ壬ָվŴΣָɱΣҩҪ־ŴգЧãܹеҩЧ֮ÿһΣҪҩһΣһʱٴաһΣɱһΣֻҪʣҩӡʹ䲻йСܱסˡΪԺٿǽ⿪ӡյڶΣԴƣֱҩԸɾΪֹʱ֮ǳ״ˡڵ壬ֻ֮ѣԶ
ȸŮʶ㣬٩٩̸еİء
ԼıӡסЩҩæϳϿҵ
ڣҲֻܰڵҩӡסȸŮ˵ͷˣϳ뿪ɡ飬ǵöⱣܣ˵ȥϳѱҲȡڵҩ˾Ͳͬˣϲ۸С޵ϲأһһҪ
ǣ֪ˡ
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Ǿ˫˫Ӧǣ뿪
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ϳԶУϥ¡
ȸŮתǡô任ӡӶϳʱͷϣʱڱϡ
һעϳڣ˰صҩʹ˻ص
ȸŮζʼշƽ˾еֲζûһ£֤˼¡
Χ췭ظʲôѵ飬ϸŽиѶȡ
ʱƣת۹ȥʱ
ȸŮϳڵҩڵ֮ڹһӡγһԲ򣬽ҩѹ档
ϳתԽԽɡ
֮ǰͺһĴƤۿžҪըˣйƤȻɡ
ȸŮһæһ˵СӣҶ˵ˣսǣ磬˵硣ΪûжԴֻ֣֮֮𡣻¸ڶֹ֮࣬佻սǲµġ츳ܸߣֵӣ
غˣϳ䣬š
ΪȻϣǰӣһΪźúЧκǲʵģһˣֻǵѡһǾӢӣ츳ҲһйԵɺϵõ˾ǰ;⣬ֱҲ⣬Ҷ᲻¡
ȸŮɿ죬ȴ˵˹
ѡңҽصΪڸͿءϳġ
ȸŮЦЦŵ磬вٴﶼһƫ̻㣬οûʲôʮɣԸĳӡҵ뷨ģȻҪǾ͸һĻᣬƴһ˭ܳΪʤߣڻվȽŸܰĹҡ
ԣϳһڴӦԸһս
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ӢӴսãҾٵ¡
ϳĿ־
ȴкôøİա
Ȼ֮ǰѪζһɱ磬һսܶ࣬Ӱܶࡣ
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ʤĻϳԻͣҲŷΪʤ
ʧܵĻϳʹ䣬ɽӴ󲿲ڽ£׸
һپ٣һ

һ棬ڣٲá
ǻٲ˵ĵطһֻݱȽϸߵ˴Ź棬Żо
ͨĵΥŹ棬ֱӾʹˣûʸʦڡ
˿̣ڶٲùڴˣֵϮϳһ£ϳû취ֻӴΪ档
ͷһ׼õĴ˵˳ʱϳ棬ıòûϳˣΪߣμɣųֽץһȷԼͬţǾֵģλٲùϡ
ⷬǲ뵽ģʦ֮ǰиģʦģٲõɱȨ
Ϊ˱ӣûвⳡУվĻ˲ڣٲõӰȴ˿
λٲùһﶼģ˼䣬Ȼ϶˵ľʵⳡֻһᣬ
ӣʲô˵𣿡һٲùʵ
о˵ˣǲѯӵ˵кá
ˮ䣬ӱмӦ
޳ܣ
仰תߣһҲˣҲøȺ޳֮ͽʲô
ٲڵЩΡ
һ·ߵſڣӺȻͣ½Ų촽΢紫һ仰ɱҵͽܣҽɱ㡣
ٻ˵ֻһ˵ڣͻ˵
֮ǰϳѯӣԼˣӻ᲻
Ĵ𰸳ˡ
˵֮ƿնȥ
ٲڣɫ쳣ѿԭӣЩŤ


410 ¯
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ˣ󹦸ɡȸŮ˵֮ƮˣӯˮѽеҩӡֻҪܵĳӡͲ¡ӡа˲㣬ҩһΪˣҩʱ򣬾ͽһӡͷһҩһδεգ֤ܰȫ
лæϳվʩһ
ڵЩҩҶЩĽҪúá
ǵȻ
æһ࣬ЩˣԱɡȸŮӻ֣
ǵӾ͸ˡϳ뿪˳˷䡣
ڵֻһɣڵҩѾѹסˣͺ񱻹ؽֻҪ򿪷ӡͲ¡
ϳһ·լԺ棬·ȻȭͷڵԼŨ֮
֮ǰɱʱܱʮ֮ڵֻ֮ͭǽڰĻ⣬Ҳʧˡ
֮ԻȻԭġ
ʱϳ֮ôǿҩҩ񱬷ҩӡסˣֱߵȻӰ١
ڵ֮ˮ׼Լ
ǻ⣬Ҳһĵҩġ
ܳվҩ֮壬Ӧþܱʮ֮ˣпܳʮ֮ϣڰҩոɾҲμӾӢӴսʤʹˣʮþȡ
ϳ㡣
뿪֮ϳֱջȥһλ¡֮ǰһòײżһҪϢһ£Ҳ֮顣
ѪĻˣһֻ֪սĿܡ
·ϣ·һε꣬һתڣٳʱжµСӣװһӡ
ջյСˣϳЦŰе˹ȥ˵һһСŰɡ
ŮӹУһӣԴϣɫӣеøӰ𪶯ˡ
лл๫Ϸѩϲǳ˵ϳϣסǽʵĲӣһöǡ
һɲǣϳõǰδеķɡ
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巣ˣӻصλһתʱϯһУٲƫ̻磬Ϯ飬֮ˡ
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ϳɽӴ󲿵˵һ£֮䲻˽˶ԹǹҺޣû̸͵أֻܲݡ
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ԴҲȥɣǣ̫ˡϳЦһ¡
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ӴԺϳһΰӣÿճѧϰȲ
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֮ϣҲвСĽһƷѧĵ֮Уǿ˵
ոһƷʱõĺ裬ֻܵʹã뵶ںϣҪôһƷҪôõھͲͬˣԽڻͨ
ڵʩչÿһһƷľ磬޼᲻ݣ
ѧϰ档
ϳƸƷĵҩˣӵĽ̵֮£˸ֵҩƵĵҩƷߣ١
ҫߣΪֲܶ෽Ĳ㣬ѧϰȻ°빦
ΪѧϰٶȻҲˡ
ϵʦƷΪǹҹģʦֻǵͼߵ

ĳһ죬ϳ˵鷳ʦ͸¯Ϊʹô࣬Ȼըѿױˡ
صĽƬǻΪҽҩģϳһͷŪһ¯ˡ
¯ͨ¯ǿö࣬ӼãܹסƣһЩε¯ӵЧԸ
ϳȻѡ˵ʦעҪŪһ¯õĻᡣ
֮ǰһսʧһͷʥ𼶱ޣ۷ħսбûҲûܳһԼλǿŵģÿһͷޡ
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û⣬ȥɡ
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󷨺ܿͣͨңԶ磬ͨһռͨһͷٻˡ
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ֻڹĥ̻ҪȦͨͷżǣϹ飬ÿһɫͬ䡣
Ϣʥ𼶣Ӧֻҫ𼶱ޡϳЩй
ǰֻڹ꣬ôһ㡣
ͦ⣬ϲСһɫꡯӵԣսȻƽƽȴʺ¯Խٻʥ𼶱ޣҲδܳ¯ӡһξٻôʺϻ¯ıޣ˵ˡ


411 
ôһ˵ϳǰֻڹĿת䡣
˵ҲԣҪ¯ֲαʲҪģսҪϳ
һЩͼսܵͣȴôͬܵߵ
ϳֻɫ꣬˹ȥ޽Լҫ𼶱׾١
ɫϢϳԺһԼܣֱˮ𡢷硢֡ԣպÿƲͬԵĵҩ
ϳһʼΪɫΣһǰɫ仯һ޴¯ֺ«״С´¯һÿɫһӦԡ
Աָһ£һЩϳһ¯ϸڣ˾ƾ
ֻڹô
ϳ˳Ĵָ֣һһոµ¯ڡ
Բε¯ڿţͷų˵ĸ£Χ¯ڣָ֮£ͨĽܿͻڻΪ̵Һ壬Χ¯ȴסָ¡
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ԽԽ࣬ԽԽɫ¯㣬һֱûʲô󰭡
ֱɫ¯һˣϳͣһصڣȥ˸ã³һƺ̡
ȻǱ޻ε¯ãܳסҵԺˡϳ
ʱ⴦ۡȻ˺ϳʦô
ϳ⣬ǰغŵ
ǰغŽ͵Ļڣһݽ顣
ϳӦһٸſڣӭ
ʵ֤ûдõȷʵǰغšڰغŵߣ͵ϡ
λӣغϲС߰ľ٣͵˫ȼŻ棬϶ſЦ⡣
ϳʦܣˡ͵΢Ц
ҵʦֶˣǰλɶƺҵġϳ
ǿɲУõΪʦֲСһʦܲǡٽʦֶԽˡ
ҾͺƤ̧һˡ
ɲƤ񡣡
治˵ĵطλ롣ϳָָԺڣ͵˽
У˷ֱƮ
˺˼䣬⡣
ν²ûĻλǲ߶ŵġ
ʦܣҲһʱˣ츳ȻСðһ䣬ǼƷʦغʵ
ǿƳƷҩ㲻ƷʦͨŵƷˡϳ
ʦܹȻǷǳ֮ˣܿ졣غϲ
ǰƷҩƣȻ죬ӵƷʼͳˡ
ƷƷԣҲӦòѡ
ΪᵽƷϳöԷл
ʦܣ㻹ǵôǸԵʱᵽһ£ͶرߵˣŵƣܹƳرĵҩغ͡
Ȼǵá
⼸ⵤҩ֮УһΪҪģΪе֮϶ţΪƳе˿㣬Ҳһԭ򡣡
еʲôҩϳǵһ˵ֵҩ
еһƷҩȥܹ֮˵ԣ˲˼룬ǲؼԴѧȫаҩЧܹһСʱ䡣еһЩޱˣҲܱѧţڲĹؼʱ̳еܰϴæغԽ˵Խ
翣ԸߣԲ
һܹԵĵҩֵֻ֪άһСʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ȻҩЧ棬ΪƷôͣҿ鵤ҩ߰ƷĵҩҲΪϳɻ
ȷʵеЧͬ죬߰Ʒĵҩ֮ԱΪƷΪʮѣƵʱ˺޴ʹʱԽϳҪ֮áһʦܲס˺Ѽֵ졣ʴеƷΪƷڱʦĻڣҲƳеغŽ͵
ҵͶǿܹס˺Կе԰ɣ
ԣ
ܿóλܿеǰҼ˻ڣСƳеλԱ˶
غ͵ιʵǵеϳģҲΪе
ϳһֱ˵Ŀˣʱϲ
ʦǴ󷽣ǵûпˣ¾ͶˡغЦ
ʦܣҲҪеʱøǮ͸Ǯ͵ҲЦ
ʲôǮǮģ̫ˡϳˬ
λʹĿģԸ߶ţһ֮󣬾͸뿪ˡ
λˣϳصǳʣ༸µ衣
еԭһеֵҩɲƣһ¯Ҫ죬ƵԽ࣬ܵ˺Խһһ¯㲻ˡеõģ
ƳҲԲҵļֵˡʱһԿܷƳһЩеҪŴеԺύѾ׶ˣѸٽҵϳ
ԭ˼
ҲƷƷԶֻһ㣬ȵʱӦ䡣
ϳ˵²һ
ϳǰңרĵطµ¯һʵЧ
ңһ¯ҩȫɹˡ
Ǳ޻ε¯ͨ¯ǿ̫࣬ǳգǱķ棬й֮
ϳϢϾʱ䣬ȡһɵ
ССĵҩӿʹĸԸĵΪɽӴ󲿵߹
֪֪˰սʤ
ϳǰɵϣúоһ
оĿһоƷоƽⷽ
ĿκһܶĪİ
ϳСɣǿʦżȻֳһЩ˼ɵϣżпվóŪŪ
ϳɵڱӵᣬֱ浤еİء
е㡮˪ݡζ
ϳµķ֣ȡһζ˪ݡҩģ֤ߵζȷʵ֮
ֻһζҩĶѣƽɵ
ϳҪѹأһ֮
ѧϰоɵվҩ
ǸҩˣΧŵҩתתת

ϳѧϰڽĵҲûš
ٲһ䳡ڡ
ٲõֳֳվڴ˵أڽ̵Լıͽ硣


412 ս
һĸߴˣ絶࣬վͺһ˵йΥŹУִ̣ϲֽ˴
վڶ棬̬ȹʦԣһɽ
֮ǰȥһˣ̽һ̬ȣƫ㣬ȴ⡣̬ģɣƺ޵͸¶һ£ϳھӢӴս㷢ս٩٩̸Ҿɱϳĺûᣬûκץѱ
΢΢üͷ˵Ϊϳļֵܸȣ
𲻷ʵԶʤӦѾһˡȻܴϻ֤ʵǱѰ
ʦѵǡ
߲ӦͱָĨɱϳˣɱԼı¡
ӱ˽£ʦԼ鷳ɱ⸡֡
ԣϰ֮ˣ͸⣡޵
뾫ӢӴսмµʱ䣬⼸£ӻŬ
ӣǸϳСĵ˲ֹһˣö˶ڶľӢ֮λʱ򻹻бս㡣ҪסλãҪ£
£˫һæʵ
һĽĴﵽ򽣹ڣýȥģ򽣹ڡڶѧʥ𼶽ܽԲ硣塯ǿ㣬ұ֤׻ɱϳסӢ֮λҲڻ¡ΪĿꡣ
ĳɳ·ߣʵһֶõģѧʲôʲô似ȫй˼ǣġ츳׵ĵӣע˼Ѫ
ˣҲϴεҽ˸
򽣹ڣܽ壡
ȫйأǴﵽЩĿ꣬԰ΪһǿĽͣʵµ̨ס
ﵽ㣬˵סӢӱٽҲϣġļ
ӶȻʦ鼤ģһ־ֱ

ʱţת۹ȥ˰µʱ䡣
ϳʱΪ֮࣬峹ȹ̣Խܵڶҩˣ
һεҩ˸ֺô涼ߣǴǿ̫̫ࡣ
ʳ֪ζѾ˾Ч
ڡ
ϳϥգŸ״ֱ̬״̬ͷųһ⿪˵ڵһӡ
𣡡
ӡҩХ֮ҩΪһȦɵֽǰ¾ҩע뵽֮ڡ
ּתҩɢϳĴͬʱ塣
Ѫ⣬ȫҩĴ֮²ϱǿ
һεľ飬ϳپţ̰ÿһֵҩ׳Լ
ǿǿٱǿ
ϳƻӿֳһµӯޱȣ嫣
֮󣬴ˡ
ϳҩȫգڵҩֻʣ߷ݡʱڳ˱²죬ƻΪ
δջΣ
ϳĿ¶âл˫ȭÿһȭʹõģǵĿһööը
䣡䣡䣡
쳹ÿȭͷڰۿɼ
һϳжϳԼĽȡ
һ֮ڵҹ⿿֮Ǿ͸ֲˡֻϵķ棬ķͬнѾҩոɾϧҩ̫Եֻ
ϳһЦ⣬־еδ
³˫
ȥû죬ϳĻΪҲ˽ҫڵżֻǶһµ˳ˮ۵ͻƵˡǶһԽǿȻҲԽ
ҰģȻϣǶһʥҪʵŪŻῼ˶ε
ϳտҲòʥ
¸һ˵и顣
ȥڵĽ׹㳡תתˣϺʲôУпðʥ
׹㳡˵ûȥȥˡ˵ʲôģеĶҪǮеĶϳ
ûʲôģү򲻵Ķ򵽡
үӣҪǰùȥˣ˵ֵǮ

ּˡ
һһС˼졣

գϳ˸磬ĸνг
гλűΪרʹãһڲףһǶ⽻סÿﶼо˵ʽĻ
ϳ׹㳡ѾĺˣȻѾɽ˺ǳĻ֡
˹㳡ϣڿյϻУ;һҼҵ̯λ
ؼͻƱ񡢸ֱӦоУ㿴ۡ
ϳĿڱĶȱȱĿɨ֮£ܿһרŷ̯λϡĿһ첽˹ȥ̯ͣλ֮ǰ
̯λϰһĻˣ¶Ц⣬ԼĻ
ϳĿпһȦƷܵͣ಻Ŀ̫ࡣ
ûи߼һЩôϳʵ
Ҫ߼ģ̯λϰ巴ʵ
ʥġ
ҿòһʥ˵Ҳǧ򰡣
ûеĻڱ̯λǸָһ·˳л
м̯λĴпóʥ⼸̯λʵǵ̣ͷܴģҰָ㿴
̯λϰ彫̯λλø߸ϳ
ϳлΪл
뿪̯λϳǰ⼸̯λЩ̯λĹģȷʵһЩõĽȴЩʧ
Щ̽ûյʥֻдһȵ
ϳģѰңҵһӵʥ̯λ
̯λϰλòĵŮһһЦȻ֮⣬Ȼ󲢷Ȼγɣһֹγɵġ
СʦܣʥǵȷʵмˡŮϰȻЦ
ϳ˫һæʵǮһ
⼸׼ģһǧһܷĵ֣ͿԼĲˡʥֻҲ
Ҫ

ϳЩƣòҵʥĵطҪô鷳
ʲôʱʼϳʵ
ˣ󡣵ʱҪĿɲֹбĶٰĲС꣬Űŵġһ嵥ҪĶдˣԼŮϰڶ嵥гһЦĵݸϳ
ϳӹһ˺ܶණ̶λϷĶΪġ
嵥Ķдһ֣֮¾ļ۸һң


413 
һң
ϳǮһ
ֻʼ۶ѣһ㣬ĳɽ۸϶ԶԶڴˣӵľˣڵҲпܵġ
ʲôȻô󣡡
ϳľ𣬵ɴ۾Ϊ׵Ʒ
֮¾һƷ֡
ϡϡϳͻȻĿİͰͣ˼һǵһγ
үӣôˣϳʵ
һҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊұǿ˵ѣڷ֮Ļÿһ֮ݱ̾ͺñһѿѭ򽥽ԣ֮Ĵ֮յܹ֮Ч

ҾͿΪĵˣӵʱٻޣ֤ٻõģԽٻ𼶱ޣ
ϳһûȡ
𼶱ޣ
ǿ߼ıޣﵽһޣٻ߼ıޣֻܵȵ֮󣬷̸
ںպȸ𼶱ޣ걣¯״̬˿İֻضʱŻᶯá
Ҫ𼶱ޣϳ绢սʤ͸ˣʮþȣ
ת˽ǰϳԼ
үӣ㣬κɬǮ۾Ҫһڣ۶Ͳ˾ˡһھҵǲҹϵĲͳͳǮڵĻòģҹҲϳε
ûǮǸ⣡ֵ֮ǣǮ˸֮пݱΪģ֮൱СҪǽݱˣǾ׬ˣԶߵر󡣡ۿԼҪĶȴòʮֵץ
ǮǮô׬һǮأ
ֻˣ׬ǮҲ
δأϳһͻȻ뵽һ׬Ǯ;
а취ϲ
ҵܽڶرʼû򿪹Ҫܰܽĵڶʯڶر⣬õĲ׬һǮˡ
Ϊʲôƣ˰Сʧһֱڶ϶ܽ磬ǰ컹ԹһΣûɹٸΡ
ô֪Ҫǳɹˣ֮ҵʥȫˡ
Ҳֻҽˡ

ϳת˽һۣа취ͲˣϼһﾹȻ֪㡣
ϳ嵥˶ת뿪صԼסǸʦ˼٣ԼҪչأȻһͷܽ磬׼ڶʯ
ܽദʯȼƿȨÿɹһ飬ܽƿȨԽʯȫƿһС磬
ʯѶ൱֮ߣ뵱ϳڵڶʯÿ£ͻȥٴγԣһֱûԸһֱƵڡ
Ǯֻܴܽر⡣ر⸻ɵй̺ŸֱأֻҪܴ򿪣ʲôⶼˡ
ϳ֮ǰݼһ¸ĸΪӵТÿνȥĸһˡ
·סˣϳڱ𴦡
һڼ棬㷢ֶӸƽʱе㲻һԵЩë꣬ЦʵС׳ǲʲô£
ĸǰϳԸڣʵһ鷳
ʲô鷳
еȱǮ
ȱ٣
ͦġ
ûУʮң˽Ǯȥɡ

ϳһҪǼڣĸ׸ʮͷ
Ǳ˸ĸ֮ϳǰܽദһμʯ
һʯͱˣʣʯһһ̣ϳûƢ
Կʥ𼶵ͲŶԸ㣡ϳҧҧӿһɾ󾢣ʯ棬תľڱ۳һýӲӵмʮ׸ߡ
Խߣ֤ϳԽǿʮ׵ĸ߶Ѿ൱ˡ
ϳɢȥ͸ʯڲţһʯϾһδκȥͻƲ谭Լĺۼ
룬ʯ渡ֳһġϡ֡
ϳֳ׳ʯʱɹˣÿϳֻɹ֮ǲôһ㡣
ˣǱƳģƵ˼ޣͻơ
һϳľͬڲرеĲڱصã¶˾Ҫʯˡ
ʯ֮ڣһӡͭǽڣ赲ϳǰ
ϳΪĿ񱩣Щӡȥ
飡
䣡
ӡӲײ飬ӦģϳҲܵ˳ɡ
ϳһ·£ͻƲѹأʱҲһһεĹȥ
һ졢졢죡
˵죬ٿʣһˣĹͷ
ϳһֱҧֵڣѾޱƣǿ֧ŲϷҪͷˣ֮ǰŬȫ׷ˡ
һʤһΪԨ
һӡƣ
ϳڳ嵽Ĺؿ̵ķӡ鿪ռʯҲû谭
ʯȻŹֳϳ֣
ɹ
ٿϳıǿð˿˿Ѫɼжôƴ
ʯϵ֣ϳЦЦһͷȥҲŲסˡ
үӣ˯һٿ֮ǰһҪҽѡ
˵仰ϳ㳹ײʡˣǰƣեˣͺñһ˲߲ݵĹ˺ö졣
Сӣˣ
ɵС˱˳վ˺˯ϳ棬Ե˵һ䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãϳգգۣԼܽദ
ʯϣ֣һʯ棬գŶС۾۵Сۡ
Сӣҽ㣬Լˡʯϱ˷ܵ˷ʱˣȥڶر⣬涼ʲôͿ쿪ʼˣץС
ϳһ飬Ȼѹ
ߣȥر⣡ϳϲһץϵĶĸ˲ر⡣
رһطʮֵأŲı
ϳΪˣٿ׾٣뵽˲رУǿ˵һţ˵ڶ֮ǰ
ǰǴ򲻿ŵģһǿƻǿƻرԻٹܣĲɻ

ϳһڶź¡һ
һһۿŶ棬һ﷢Ĺâ˳ǵ
ȴȫͳ˽ȥҪＱжＱ


414 
رڡ
ֲѻɽҪʲôʲôĲֵɱȵһ߶ˣȫǺöһֵǡ
ҡؼҩҪĶӦоС
ϳһͷ˲ĺУ˶ƮƮȻˡ
ҵģȫҵģ
ϳɵɵĴЦһץ𼸱ʥؼץƿҩҲ
ȱЩȥжǮǮҪģһСȣСһڲرܡ
һ̵ܵһ޽ǰ˿֮ʾ֡
ǧ
棬װǧңͬޣΧкܶࡣ
ǮкöǮôһ
ϳЦų˹ȥһɨжϳ޵
һʮ˸ޣҲʮң
㹻ˣ㹻ˣôǮǸ֮⣡ϳ
үҪǿ˵㵸
֮󣬹ƻʣ²ǮʥҲ´ˡ
һҪĲѻɽֱҵʥ

ϳһ񣬵ͷųΧķ紵ݶܿ㷢ΧһطɢżΪǿܾܿ
˹ȥɢĶȻһʥ
ͬӵвͬЧʥͬЧҲһͬ
ϳֽ׶ҲǶˣԺҪ࣬ҪǶ
ǰʥǽȼü֮
ǾòΪһݣɴһֱҫ۷嶼Ϊˡ
ϳ
ǰǮҪϸ㣬ǮҲͲԥԥˡ
һ񻶹ϳϳңһ߳˲ر⣬һһСԵ緢ʮңѪϴ᲻⣬Ǹ֮һǵģ
ϳ뿪ܽ磬صңֻ
ֵ֮ǣҹ˵ǣװһ¡
ϳƥﻳ鷢һݵıòһ·ԼװΪһˡ
ʱȣٿֻʣ¼Сʱˡ
ϳûüȥʦֱӻٸֳﰲűһڡΪۼܶˣ˵ط֮ŷ˲ֻ࣬кһЩ½½Ľ
ڴŴش˵أҫΪ
òҲ֪⴦϶ʥ𼶸򣬷ܰٿ˹ģᡣ
֮⣬վк͡
ϳվԭؿһֻһʸЩ˱ߵ棬粽Уֻȥ
ԭҪμⳡҪʸģҪôӸλҪôóϵңչԼĲ޷㣬ûʸȥ
ֲ˲࣬ԭΪ󲿷־Ҳǰ
ϳȻϤӰͫ׶ʱһ
Լ
Ҳμˣ
ߣ⼸ˣаһʦͬʱҲٲõڻڵλԺա
ϳ֪֮ǰİֵܣνŹ涪һߣûжֵܸκδ
ԩ·խҲμˡ
ϳĿת䣬һ
Ⱥ˵ݣȻ׾ٵľͽᣬûκ鷳
ϳһ˴ſڣſڴ
λͣҪҪһЩǲܽġ߿
֪ǵĹأղѾˡϳһӴȡһޣɢŨһΪĿ֡
ǧ
볡ҪѣǮ㷭ʮоԵʸ߽⴦
ǰ꣬Ǹ񰡣
ʹϵЦŨ˿룬ղʧˡ
ϳޣ߽
ڻбæǰæк߽Ŀˣһӭϳϳ·
һ£ϳ߱ѯʣûʲôܴʩ˵һƷ֮󣬲ϣ֪Ӧ
ⷽĿ밲ţ˶ټͨԽ룬ȥֻ֪֮棬˲֪ŵ˶˭ÿڻд󣬵еĿ뿪ʱֱ߽͵ĳأ˸֪˵ȥȻҲ޷ˣԵİȫ
ŵǲҪһ䡣
һҪһңѾ൱һֹ˰ˣҪĻץɡ
ϳ۽ǳ˳飬湻ģǽȥһҪһҡ
ǿ⡣ϳֹһ䣬ȡֵҵƱߣöԷæš
ϳͨתתһС
ÿһֺ룬ϳµһһš
İܼ򵥣мӣдӰıнмõװáϳڴĵʽʼ
İУƾոֳ溣¥Ӱ񣬳ֳἸǶȵĻ档һ棬ֳһЩͨλϵĿˣкȻֵԼĵˡ
һһĹԩǮ˭Ըģٴﶼѡͨλ
ֻϳҰĹ߼۾ƷˣŻԱܵĹжӡ
˵˺ܹŰ壬Ը񣬲ûܹ֣ȻһͼıȺʲôбҪĻ취ǣʲôߣ߰ҪĶɸ߼ۡ
ϳð˻ˮ
ԼĵˣȻÿ
ʱƣԽԽ߽ᣬΪˡⳡģСڲ˲μӣҲвѶ
֮ϡ䱦ϳԱһ
ãڿʼˣ
֮ǰĴ᳡һ硣
һʦ̨ǰŲŴЦ⡣
лλڰæ֮гʱǰλԡʦ˵һûʲôӪĿףŲ⣬Ʒ
λ뿴ǵһƷҫͼܹٻҫ𼶱ϵߣļңȤĹھͿԲ뾺ˣ
ʦ
ûϷһƷֻǿθ˶ѣٶļ۸ɽ
Ʒ½ǳһδȵľ֮ϡ䱦ȻҪŵѹᣬʱֲġ
ĽУƷļ۸ˮǴߡ
;һƷ˳һȺ˵ע⡣
ڵȵˡ
ϯλϣ˫һ¶֮ɫμⳡᣬΪľƷ



415 һһ
صƷһΪҺǷҺ壬װһС
սҺ壬ܰʡѵʱ䣬ɵǿһЩë׶½ͱˣ
һϡٵҺ壬˵ѪҺҪˡ
ĸܵͽ̧֣ܵļͷ˵ģΪʦһƿҺǮõĻ
лʦʦǶɽм
лңõҺ֮󣬺úŬˣҿǰ㵱ɽӰģҪ̳ҵ²ǹλҵĽ㶼Ҫ̳С
·ǣҲṼʦĺ

̨֮ϣʦĽ⽣Һá
뿴һֺΪҺγɵǳ̣Ǵطн͸ս»֮ȥĽ⾳αһƬɽˮĵطɰǧ꣬пܵһ㽣Һ½Һڳ⽣ͨߺˣһԾΪ˲ĽͣǽͺˣȻ󣬲ͬ죡
ʦ˵ĻɫһָҺθߵҺļ۸ΪһǧңȤĹͿԳˣҸұ֤λؼ֮󣬻ﳬֵ
ĸոտʼΪҵļ̌߼۸
һǧң
һǧʮң
һǧң
۸ԽԽߣǧ
оˣų۵һǧ˰ң
ԣҺȫֵ۸
߼ľߣû֮ٶ̧ۣѼ۸̧ߵһǧŰ
һǧŰʮңٴμӼֳۣ־ڱصõ̬
ǧңһڵִ̧۵
ټӼȥЩ˽Һļֵ
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ģȵĲֹǮȵĻеλ
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ߣմȨǵһץѱͻᱻ
᳡һӱѻȸûټӼˣ˶֪ټӼ۾ġ
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Ǹ壬Ѽ۸̧ȥĻԩǮ
ɶ񣡡
Ŀѣûðɡ
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֮ǰ˵һҪͽܰݽҺȴʳˡ
Աߵ˰أָݽҺԼ壬ˡǧңԼͲֻܿʦǧҲδ߼ӼۣԷܻӼۡ
һһ˵˭ӼۣݽҺҵˣ簵޲ѡ
ԶţеҲסдΪʦҪĶǻ˼ǧݽҺǮܻ᲻á
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Ű˲ĽΣֹڴ˺ܶˣһֱһأԴǰھŲ㽣ͼܸһЩϣ߲εĽ
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ȽΣĶΪ֮ѣҵҲҪͼ
ͼû̶˼ϣ˹ۿϻһ֮䣬ͬ٣
ȥһɽ˫Ŀʹܾӡ
һЩʵߣȥͼ
һͼܣǺεǿ󣬿֪
ͼļ۸൱ƣļ۾Ҫǧңڳĺܶļ۶ò뾺ˡ
ʦһ£йͼľʽʼ
ҳǧңĵһۣһͼӼ۵ǧ֪ǧԶԶֻǸʼѡ
Ȼܿб˿ʼӼˡ
ͼļ۸һ·߸ߣ۸ԽԽֱֲһڴأ
￪ʼӼ۵˲½٣Ӽ۵ķҲˣһֻӼۼң֤ͼռۡ
ĵ쳣ͼߡ
һһǧңĺ۵ļ۸
᳡ڰˣ߼֮ǰľȴ
Ľŵȴа
Ȼƽûһֱȥ
һǧҡ
һһŹٴηĵԴ˵һӡ
㣡
ĲȻŭȻתͷݺݵĵһһŹҡ뱬໰
һһŹ֮ǰһֱܰӿʼֻξģһ˽Һһ׼ͼ
ľöԷԼ
˭ô󵨣Ҹԣ
ĺ޲һͷңѶԷ澾ϧĺܳеġٲõҲΪ



416 
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һǧңĴ
֮ǰҺʱĿʧܣλͼҵҲҪ֣ûء
ΧľȺʶһŹͼȻôߵļ۸ʵں
תͷһһŷ䣬ȴŶԷķӦһξ˫ɱѽѷ֣һξԷûô
¶ˡ
һǧҡһһŷ䴫ƽ·ֻһͨĶ
һǧҡҧҧ˵ʱĶڵѪǮԣѾǴļҲˡ
һǧҡ
һǧң
˲ϼӼۣһ۸ս˵ԽԽľ
Ƭʱ䣬۾ͱǵһڰǧңټӼȥҪڴˡ
ĵɫ֮ûһһŵľߣҪôǮصľߣݺݵĳһ
ϼӼ۵ĻϵǮͲˣҪǮܴչͼǮݣƤȥǮ
ɶ񣡡
Ľȭͷ˫۽£˸һŭɢ
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ԼãüͷĸסһӲ⡣
ͽΪ˴ǫͣڣϳ֮⣬ûУҲֻϳŻǧټƵĻҺ¡
ܣ̫߿ˣƾһСµӣóڶң
ͽҲֻǻɶѡ
ǳʦͽĻҲֲһССϳΪʦΪٲõʰʤбϳݸߵıȱȽǣ˶ԸңǾЩ֮еһϳƨƾݣͳǧҾ㶥ˡ
΢΢ҡͷͽܵĲ²⡣
ĵ˲ɵйĴڣ㻳ҲûЩˣһûõµӡ
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ᰵӿԾԾԣЩǮ˹Ŀˣǲƴ֣˲μĿ궼Ϊ֮
Ч죬ܹŤתǬκһΪ֮
ϽеóֵһһȫЩǿУڵȸŮоһ
޼۵ģüֵǮ򵽡
򵽵ְֻƷ֮
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ҺͼõʵܻܿᱩǡҪھӢӴսϻ͸ˡ
Ϊȡʤ㣬ϳԸ⻨Ǯ
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Ż֮ͨĵͣԽתΪƣתΪС
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Ҳұ֤ǮֵȸԾ
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СˣССĺ֣ϳĴֶһơ
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ΪϳĲ㣬֮ļ۸θߵµĸ߶ȡ
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˵ĿһһŹϣһ˽
һһŵ˿Ǯ֮ǰͻڣڸǿڵĸ߼ۡ
һ˿òôǮҸҴģ˿϶ǻڵĳλĴ
Ҳʹո֣ͷ𣬸˼һȣֱ⵰
һߣʦͽҲһ㵡
һһŵ˾ȻҪ֮Ȼ
һﵽǺҲü
֮ǰһϳڿԳ״ͷˣϳôǮ
˵ϳҵЩ϶ͷǣҲõǮ
֮пܻС

ĵ˹ģʵǹҹģһһŵĿǮʵ϶ͬһ㣬ĳˣǾ鷳ˡ
˭أ
İ˼⡣
ڼ۸ԽԽˣԴ֮һ·ǧ
۾ʣȴ
бǧ۸ߵ𣿡
ʦ䷳ʮңŵ֮һһſˡ
һڳ䶨յĽ
һһŹڡ
ǰ֮ˣǮ治١ϳ˿
ڰ֮˵㵸
û־Ͳܳ׷ġ
ӦúܿͻѼƷˣǮ׼ðɡֱ֮Ӵ뿪

ϳȡһޣڷϣһպǼƷǮһ൱Ƶ֡
ţнŲٽ
æһڹ⣬ϳת˽С
λͣҿԽôµļƷˡ֮˹
ɡϳ
Ŵ򿪣߽ĸˡŵǸĿƵӣϵϢһ㡣˵ϢǿˣȻʥǿߣ
Ʒ̫أǵ̲˷ġ
ϳΪݣҲΪʵϢѹƵ˼ޣ˾ͺ񲢲ڣһ㡣
˸һžͿ˰ϵޣɵðпǰλصĿˣ̫Ǯˡ
˫˼
ϳĿ˼ԼļƷ档


417 Ʒ
߽ŵˣеһ̣֮ϰڷżһǸƿװŵıȻǽҺһǸᣬòҲ֪ͼмʥҲ棬ɢŨ
֮һš
֮ƷŷʽҲ⣬һӴŵģ֮ϸŶطģճһ֮棬ǸԵĹһ貶Ŀ̺Ǻǿңݵϣһ֮С
ӣ˿Ҵ⡣
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⼸ҲĿ
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ҪæϳԼжϳġ
ͨ͸ͼҵĵ϶аϳ
ᣬΪƿҺƿڿ˿
ҺǸʹõģòϣԺԿ͸ϰĺѣ˵Ѫ»档
Ǽʥ⼸СҲϳǮ
ûϳ
ҹһֲ١ҵ˵ͷ
˹һЦ˵ʽ׾ˣ¿԰ѶˣȥԱ㡣һǿ϶д
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ף㿪ɡ
ӵͷջһģֳɵĴ
ˣ
ƾð󷨣ڲΪĸӣתϢ
ϳ˽ȥͷųһǿ⣬СǰֳۻӰÿһӰűΧľֲзݣнֵ
Ҫ͵͵뿪ݣȻѡЩû˵ĵط
ϳɴ˫ۣע߶ȼУѡһСѡһط
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ѡˣ
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εᣬŴ׬һʣҲܸ¶մ
ʱĻ㡣
ļǿЦЦⳡ׬ǮǶܷһҲķ˵ء

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ϳȡЯĽҩȥ˺ܿԭ·ȡ˳õĴԼٱϻָ˳̬
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ţ±ʶƣЩĵǰ˿ȷǰûˣ첽˳ȥ
˭õֵڵıȫϳϣǱЩˡ

ص֮ϳһͷ԰ġ
ϣû˷֣ҪǱ˲µ֮ǿɾ鷳ˡϳĵ
᱾ıܹòղһ·ߵҲСģӦòᱻ˷֡
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Ҫһ͸Ͻ֮ңҰˣҽ֮󣬾ΣգҲܰ㻯ΪģתΣΪ
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СӣΪ˱ܽЩ֮ˣչ̻е㳤Ҫ߰죬ĻһҲпܵġ˳
Ҫôãϳ۵
£һҪö꣬ҹǳ;˾Ű꣬ʱƨ
ðɡҸһܽ磬ҲҪоһܽһЩ¹ܣ˵ڶʯ֮ܽ±ǰˡ
ϳһ֣ƴܽ綪˳
ԭƴĶգۼͱһڼ̳Ŵɹ롣
ϳ붫һ˽ȥ͵ܽ磬һо¹ܣһȥ֮ͼ

֮ܽڡ
ϳգһߣ˫ۣ黭Ϊ֮𶯡
¡¡
濪ѣλڵصһЩ¡һ渴ӵ󷨣Լһɢ˸ڹ⣬תŶص
ЩóԾͷ
뵱Ҫϳ壬ЩϳסˣϳŷΪʤӻܣסԼ塣
⴦˺ЧŷӡЧһһ
ܽﻹв١
ǰϳֻ˵һʯܽƿޣƲЩ˵ڶʯƿˡ
ϳһЩߣһķڶڰлĹ켣
򲻹ĵˣԿǰѵ˴͵ܽĸԸˡҵĵ̣һжΪƿأʥǿߣҲ֮һսȻǰǱ֤ܽܲй¶ȥֶβڴ֮ͥʹá
ϳ㡣
˵Ĵϵһܣܽĵڶܣʧ

ܽһЩ¹֮ϳƬɽˮĵطϥһɽͷϣǶһҫڽ˳֮ǰҲ滻ȫʥ
ĵȼǺܴģʥԶԶ֮ϣڵˡ
ǶʥԶǶǿм֮࣡
ϳһȡһǴԭһΪɽ塣


418 
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кܴǿ˵ǿȸϲϾĴЧȴҲ൱ɹۡ
ϳһ̺ĳſͣһȥ뵽֮ڡ
ĵӻӣĶʵڲ١
֡ԼѪ¶𡭡
Щڵ֮ڣμš
ϳٿӽ֣תǶ֮ϡµ֮չɱ䣬еҲǿˡ
һϳʽҫڣ
ҫ𼶽ѣÿһС綼һϲ¡
ϳŽҲʥ˵ʵٶһµЧ
е磬ЩȫǿҵʵҵʵӦ÷ǳӽʥǿˡ
ϳǺХжϡ
жϲ𣬶ʵ
ڵʵȫԸʥһϸ¡Ȼֻһʥ𼶣ˮ׼ʥ𼶣Ǵ򲻹ġʦӣҲ϶öࡣ

ӣϳпȴǱߵĽŶܹսðٻ𼶱ޣʵøǿ
ʱһȥ
˰֮ãǱڴϲѶ
ڽϳѾ֮ոɾˣЧ˲٣ĵˣ
ܽ쳹
ϳԴϲһͷܽ磬ǰȥϡ
Сڰطɣ˵ıݶðˡ߲һǷǳģÿһν쳣ġ
ϳ㿴үӵ͸תˣϽٻ󣬽˵ʲôҲҪ𼶱ٻ־
УȫˡϳҲ˷ܣ¶첲ӣԭزٻ
ܽٻ˿Ҫٻ𼶱ÿԱܣŵɱﵡ
һͷ˽ָʼΪϳתˣϳϡǰת۴ĵ˸ı䡣ϳͷİУ۳һһΧ衣
飡
ϵڱĺҲϡ档
үӣҵٻúˣǱôˣϳʵ
Ҳˣٻɡ˷ܵ
ϳͷ飬ְٻĿհ״
ٻ漴ͨһռͨͨңԶ硣
һӰֶ֮ոճ֣ɢһҰ񱩵ĹϢ·Զʱսϵ̣Ϊ֮𺳡
Ӱߴɽǧףϳǰ֮£ϳǸС㡣޴ӰһƣϳͶ
ϳŲӵ۹ۿ
ıԽԽۿΪ׶
㣬ŵأ˫צλ࣬ɫģſװƬԴмţž޴ţǣǰǣϻĽǣϷȥı߽߱ǽǸһЩӲİɫëɫƬγɶԱȡ
ͷһǼͣϻһŸͣм׿ÿһݶмʮ׳ŴպţΨ֧档
ϳǰı󣬷еһЩǺϣԴ˵һӣ˱κġ
ϵڱָо
֮һѡ
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ܳΪףʵ֪ǴӹʱպյĴޣڸ鼮֮С
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ϳЩɣһŻعޱȵүӣģȻһξͳɹˣ֮ǰǼû׻
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ոȥһ˳˹Ϊ
ѵ
ഥܵȻǿ
ϳתľֳɫ÷ؾѵһδεײ



ÿһײᵼ˫˫ಮ٣ײϰٴΣѵ·硣
ϳͶȺǿһʯӲӲԿ
ѵϳɳ֮ûӡһԼ
֮һڱˣ
Լ޽ɲǣйѵļ漴עϳԺ
ɣſ죬γǿǰһгԸɾڽҲ˵Ĺ̬ƣ̬ʹôһһٴΡ
֮⣺ɵڵתΪȻΪ³ȥ̬ƣޡʹôһʮΡ
֮еѹܶصӰ죬˸е־塣̬ƣޡʹôޡ
޻ڶʱڱǣҲ֮ǿʹҪɹ壬Խ࣬͵ľԽھ޴ڼ䣬Ļ壬ľͻСھ޻ڼԲά־޻״̬̬ƣ̬ʹôһΡ
Եʽڵ֮ͷųȥ֮Ϳ̿ﲻ档֮㣬Իһҡ̬ƣ̬ʹôһһΡ
ɻƣѵٲ֮ӵ֮ϣǿƻ̬ƣ̬ʹôһʮΡ


419 е
ܣ
ϳΪֹı֮Уһ
ϳϸϸһ飬мޱȡ
֮һһһǿרΪǿһСһң
һֻʩչһΣ޲ĴΧƻѹ׵ɱС
ҪҪɽӴһУ
ϳһɱ֣Ǻܿͷ
ɽӴЩиСЩһɱĲ̡ĵ䣬ȴվ׾顣ɱ޹졣
սϣ飬һȺ棬һˡ
ɽӴ󲿣ǺΪ֮ñұƼˣǻڵġ
ϳȻ
ѵܡ
Ѷ֣ÿ涼һʳ֣̰ǳģʲôܳԣֳʵһתɵԽ࣬սҲԽ¡ļܣйءɶ֣ص㣬ı¡
ܶܲԶ֮ǰı޸ǿ޵λãһΪɡ
ϳ⣬ְѱϣʼΪΡ
ϳıԼλһĸղΪԼѣò޵һҲ֮١
ʥ˵ĸãɫҪĸֻ޵
߶ԣԼԶģĸ١
ҫʥ𼶵Լĸֻе𼶲ӵϳңԶ
ϳĲٿ֮£ѸСγΪһѵ
ٽ͸Ϊѽǿˡ
ǰǿ޵ʱ򣬵ıòãʿɶֹѾͲͬˣһֱϳܾãûҪǮٶԴֵõġ
ϳܵĲϾͺܶ࣬ټ֮ǰ˵ڶر⣬˸õĲϣԽѵʵƸߵޣ

֮
ϳ̧ͷǰѣ¶Цݡ
ϵĲϣϳԼĵĲټֵǧܽӽһڡ
ֵõġ
ѵĳʼսǧ࣬Ѿﵽǧ࣬һͷˡ˵սԸʥµıޣ͸йһɡ
սĻԼܶһ棬ҫ𼶲⣬ʥ𼶣Ҳһս֮
ֻ𼶵Ķǿߣѹһͷ
ѵ֣Ҳðˣ´νֵʱ򣬷ǰɽڲɣǸҲһɽڣϳʮ㡣
ǰϳ統̲ˣѾˡУѵ̫ǿ޴ġ
Ĳ
һѲûϳʹ㣬ٻ𼶱ޣϵı޶𼶵ģŹ񫡣
үӣתˣٻͷ𼶱޳ϳ˳
ûô򵥣ĵ˵ģҸղŰγļףٻѣЩľˣϵѾԭˮ׼ˣٻĻԽٻļʺܵ͡ٻ𼶱ޣǵһ顣һˮ
Űٻһͷ𼶱ͲˣϳһӼˡ
ֻʱܰ飬ֲԶˡ
ʲôʱٴγɹ
ҲûףڲС
ðɡǾٵȵȣҲˡϳ㬵

ʵҪϳѵöࡣ
˺ö죬Ҳûȵڶ۳飬ò׵ȵһΣհѴ󻭵һ룬Чûˣǻ
ֲȶı֣ҲùⲻȥЩҲס
һΪ鼶ۣΪŸո֮ʵ̫ȶ
ܵõһͷ𼶱޾ѾܲˣϳֻοԼȴһλᡣ

ӣϳÿճ
ѧϰд衭
죬ϳ֮࣬ó֮ǰ˴ǮĹͼۿ
ͼ֮Уһâ¶Ľ
ͨĽͺñƿնǣת˲ţǽһֱͷʱάˣʧȥӦʱ򣬽޿ɱĻɢ
ͼĽȴͬͺһʵʵڵĽ뿪˽ͣȻԼڣ
بų棬
뵶ıŻ֮ͨϳԽһϡ
ͼĽ˲ֽѾԽ˳򽣹ڵĲλҪߵĶࡣĽ׷һ㡣ҵĵ֪·
ϳԸ̾
ڵֻǳžһƷż㲻ĵ߲ΣЩ翵ĸ߲ˡ

ʱһȥﶼʱı仯仯ĻӭţҲпήֲﻯΪࡣ
ϳΪԼˮ׼һֱȲߡ
ڵѾƳƷҩˣƷʦȥμӻڵʦˣҲܻƷĻռϡ
ˮ׼ߣϳĿ˵Ѿõе֮ϡ
еƷҩܹ֮ڶʱ˵ԣӹűţűɾţЧͬ졣
ڡ
ϳԼŮʦһңŶԷĽ⡣
еַ⣬Ϊ󲿷֣һĻҩģһǡ֮ҩģѵˡеҩģ඼йأЩҩĻ˺֣Ƭ̾ɣ֣Ҫ֮áӴ⣬顣
ϳͷ
һеĵ滹дһЩеļĵã㿴һɡ
һȡһŵݸϳ
ϳһõҩʮ֮࣬ƷҲ꾡
ˣʦϳƨ
ֱϳĿޣŵһеԱָ㡣
ȵƳɹ֮һ¯еȫТʦ˼ҡϳЦ
뾫ӢӴսܽˣеܴԼ԰ɡΪʦҪ
ҾͿʼˣʲôԵĵطʦָ̡
ϳ𵤷ҲϵЦ⣬ʼ
֮ǰҪĵȻ׼ҩġ
ϳȡһҩģڷϣеҩԭϣеǷĩеҺ壬ͬ
ЩǰҩģȻ죬ЩİҩģԵһЩ
Ƭ̺ȡһΪľҩģһ֦
ľһ˿ߣΪ˿ϳҪҩġ˿ϸ緢˿ѰǸ⡣
ϳսľ̾һ֪Ǹ鷳Ĳ¡
ʱеȡ˿һţá볾ʯ԰ľͷĽ˿ֱЩõöࡣĽ統оţһ˿ɲ֪
볾ʯһҩģ˿˸ӴţҩܲӦ
ϳҲûʣڶԶΣֱȡһ볾ʯ׼еĽľ档
һĻܿ췢ˣľĽɫ˿߾ͺһСߣľͷ˳
龰Աߵ΢΢ݡ


420 ˼Ȫӿ
ϳõַĽ統귢ģַӻûü̸
ϳʹ˲ӦûַȻɻ󲻽⡣
һ˭̸ģӶʵ
ʲô˭̸ҵģϳһ㶡
˵˿Сɣѧģ
⵹ǰϳסˣܲ˵Ƕ̵ġ
үӣôش𣿡ϳ
ۺˣ˵ǰڱĵطġ˸⡣
Ҳȷʵûʲôϳ˸˸ѣ˸£Լܾǰмַ˿
˵Զһ㣬Ҳû취֤ˡ
ԭӱϻָƽ۵Ųײʧһ
ĵףʵϳĻشĽĳϵȻǸܵģʦȥܶˡ
ʵⲻӵһη⣬ǰۿϳʱ򣬾ϳϿĽӰӣһЩССϸڣʱĳּɣʱĳС
ʱ꣬Ӱ·ʱգǰغϵһ
ÿγִӵĺƽĲ㱼ϳҵĽĺۼҲ⿪Щ˰̣µʹ
ΪʦеˣԼʲôģңȥĿһ˵֮Ȼʧߵǽߣϣ年ճһߣ˫۵ӣ鲻Խһ˿˿ϧ֮С
ϳĿŵĿʦۣ۸һŵͷҩġ
ҩģž͸ʽˡ
ֻ򵥣ϳɫ¯һҩΪĩԱá
Ļֲ⣡
ѵеǿԵڵģƵԽ࣬ĸԽСӵһҩһƣˣһ㡣
Ǿʹոʮϳ
Ҳɣǿʮࡣ
Կеж
ϳ񣬲ٿżҩĶɫ¯ͷųԼΪۿɼ֮𣬶ЩҩĽз
ӴЩҩĵɲǣϳ˲֮Уʹ
Щҩ˺аţ
ϳһ䣬סʣơ
Ƶ룬ҩĵӣֲҲ֮ǿֱܵľʹָоͺøһδεԴʹ̶ȿ֪
ߵ־ڶʱڳܾʹûʲôѵģι´󲿷˶ܰ쵽ʱϳ˾Ͳͬˣּ尾ǳܡ
ⲻֹ⡣
־ʹһ˺ֻͶǿֿܹͶȲĻ˵һ̶ȣʧȥּ䣬߱÷񲣡
ѹûԸеȷʵһ¡ϳ
ϳԣ̶ֳȵѵǲʲô
ʱһȥ֮ϳ˻֣ҩںϣơֹһ죬Ƴһ¯е
¯ڹرš
ϳ֣һ¯ţ澲İʮ³¯ĵҩ־Өɫ״Щ
үӣ㿴һ¯ҩƵΣϳʵ
һƾͳɹˣֻ˵㣬ҩЧҪ֪֮е̫ʹ࣬ʹ׷ĳһξܳɹĺܼǿܹӰ졣޵
ʮоûʲôѶȣ´һһЩҲʮЧʡһҪ̫ܰʱеϣÿƶöƳһЩ
ʵƵҩҲһȥ϶ǿ
⵹ǡ
ϳһԼĥ£ȷʵǿһЩ
еǿ
Ʊĵҩǿ
˵ˣķ棬ǿľķ档
Կ⴫˵ееʲô֮
ϳſ죬еһȥԽɾҩЧܿ췢һ֮УֱԺ˾һ񣬷ඥ
оܲ
ֻɵվţǸܲеģֻвҵ˼Ȫӿĸо
ϳϥ£ʼ򵶷˼·ǰδеĹ˼
ʱ뵽µС
ʱ뵽Ѿõĵ⡣
ͷӿײƻ֡
ЧЧƽʱ򲻻ôܣ
ϳдϲеȻ鴫ȷʵа֮ѹô˶Ҫееࡣ
һϳһƷµļأ̲סһԾ𣬳嵽棬ڰ˵ո뵽Ķ֤
һƷ
ಣ
ϳһնգһĿߣ֮ͣΪ֮ըѣ¡죬ޱȡ
ǻԵһأƳһС
ͬһƷϳһԶ֮ǰԸʱöࡣ
֮ǰżż
һƷǰĵ֮ԲˣһЩ򡣡
ϳе޵жϡ
ܿ͹жϳԼˮ׼ǵԣҲһֽ
еⲻҩЧڣٲһϳͷҸݶȥ
еƺ˷ʱ䣬ǻǶͲͬˣûеҲϳҲͻơ
ĥ󿳲񹤣
ȵеҩЧȴ֮ϳ򣬰йеĺϢӣԷ֮ĮӦûԵöôˡϳ֪ʦǵ͵ȣͶֵĮϰΪˡ
ϳŽԼ˻ڶеҰĺֱܴʮ֮ǰᵽʮҪ࣡
һеʹ֮ǰ屶
ϳǿҲ˺ܴĿͷҧͦʱ䣬Ƴһ¯е
ʮһޣӵĻֿˡ
ʮ³¯еϳ¶һ˿Ц⣬Щҩдõġ

һڡ
ϳ͵Լغ뵽Ȳ衣
ǺȲ裬ʵ⡣
λ֮ǰŵеһ͸ˣأЦɡϳȡСƿŵϣƸˡ
͵غԴϲ۽üҶֿ˻
е
е
һеһңмУԸȥƣƳҲãһе룬߰ƷĵҩҪѵöࡣ
һӵõʵǴϲ¡
ССҩǵѧߣܰͻƿ
غŵһӹСƿЦʦܹȻǷǳ֮ˣŲһ꣬ͰеƳˣ
͵˫ȼӹСƿЦЩҩƣһҩĳɱʦֵռıˣöǮͶǮǳǮ򣬿ɲܰá


421 
λʦֲؿǰҴڵģ˶ͬСɣҩԶԱ˶λѵҩ£İãѰϳЦ
лҩҲ̫ˡ͵ƴǵ
࣬࣬λ°ɡϳִҪ͡
غʱ廰͵ϣͱˣʦܵһ⣬ҪǲգǺʦܵģ
˿һﻹ˳ȥ
ͳҩȻ˵飬Ҳ£֮ĹϵǸغţһһʦܣеҪжȡ
ȻƳʮеƳ࣡
еٶҲǲõģߵҫ֮ΪҪʵеơ
ϳеģһ֧ԼлеȻ˵һѣǿǿƳһЩԺлỹƵģעƳ̫ࡣ
غ˫һ˳ʦԺҪƳеܷһЩңʱԸ߼չһһ
۸ʵֻǵ׼ۣһеһʵߵļ۸
ϳҲںСۣͷȻԣԺҪжеˣ֪ͨλʦֵġԵˮ
ǾմʦĹˣɵڣȻǸǵѡ񡣡غŴϲ
Ƴе飬λʦѣ԰һ£⽻ˣԵѡ
е
ܣСû⡣ϡΪ󣬴ֵǮˡ
ãƤӵ£ûʲôѵģǻģֵ֤ǽ֪
Ǿλˡ
ϳ΢Ц
еΪһ壬һܺõ壬öһţȻʡ

һʮʮ١
ϳܹеܿﴫˣֵ÷з˾֪
еڻڿֻֻмһܹƣЩȫģ׷ϳΪЩ֮еһ
Ϣ֮½һЩ˵ŰݷϳĿȫеЩˣϳ߲ܣȶ˭Ҳ
һ̿ˣҪе͵øϳùϵŶûС
ЩվǱߵˣһûйǺʶȤˣϳҲ
Ϊ£飬ϳѼ۸񶨳һһһˮƽ˭۸òͬļ۸γɺ˱˵۸е־Ǳˣת׬һЩǮ
ϳ֪ʦϲΪ˱ԼʦסᵽԶһЩĵط½СԼֵһЩӭ͵Ĺ½СϵһˣҲǸ½С˵¸ɡ
еһĹЩǰеˣ½Сܿ½Сҡһ䣬˱ˡЩƲˣڶЦӭ
־޴ת䣬½СȻΣġ

ǰ󹺵ҩﲻһγ㵤̵ƹŰݷãĿȻҲΪе
һµĴ磬ͷβܿԵⱦЦ⣬һУ½СЦ½ƹ񣬺þòˣһɺã
ʱ½Сֻǳ㵤̵һӣԣǸ߸ϵĴڣӲۿ㾹ȻЦӭƹ̬ȷ˷츲صת䡣
½СипǧһűһЦƹ̧ˣʲôƹ񣬳ֻһõİˡ
ʦҩ˵޵̣󵤵ȴʤ뵤ûʲô𣬼ȻˣȻƹҿһҲû̧㡣壬乧ά
Ҫƹǻ˶ƹˡ
Բӣ½ƹҪǫˡ
Ϊƺһ㻰һתǰһͣǸȻ½ƹǰҵ˲ٿ࣬Щ֪ǳ㵤̶Բ㣬ݱıǸ⣬¡ע⣬͸ģɲ͸ϳġ
ҿɲա½Сֵ
գ㲻վ֤ûԭ³㵤̣Ժ߶ţ
ԩͷծЩƹȻûƴңȴҲû۸ңǲġǻλʦٹҲ˵仰
ʦѾҽˣѾǳ㵤̵ˣ֮ǰ۸ļʦҲǡ
ˣȥ鶼ȥˡ½Сҡҡͷ
෽½СʾãĿĵͷΪеҪϳ󹺵ҩ뷨
½Сֻǰתϳѡ
ܴӦתǰѾǰ㡣
ٱ֮ʣ𣬸½Сӡ
ĿԼյƹȥ½С鼫ΪĸӣиˣԳҲжϳĸм
лл㣬ϳ͸϶֡
½Сսȭͷ
ϳ˸мǸмϳȥӣһüͷ

еĻۣϳҲӣɵĴۿɲֹǮ
ϳɵָһЩǰ򵤵ʦЩ˰æоƽ⣬ȺȺ˶ð£ܱһоҪǿų˿ڷ磬˭ҪܰæƽɵеԵõŴӦ
ջʵ̫ˣΪʹȫ

Ƴеϳ԰ʵ̫󣬲ĲҲаÿηеµϡ
ϳһƷﵽһޣҲûнأڵϼֻߵĵˡ
ڰ˲㣡
ϳҰĲĿ˵ڰ˲ΣһοʼͲǰ˵·ˣֻᵶ׷Լĵ·
̺ǧ;ѡ
һе¶ǣϳᵶϥͷڵأĿ򵶷뷨
ҪǶȣһǶǻع˹ȥһǶչδ
ʮأ쳤ؾϣƻãǰ⵶⽣Ӱ
˵Լпȡ֮һССķȥпܱɿׯֱͨ۷塣
׷ͬ
׷ٶȡ
׷
׷ʽ
׷
׷
ҵԼ·һ׵飬ʶԽ࣬ͻԽ̰ģҪһƼһȻǲܵġ
Ҳˡ
ܶʱ򣬵ϵŵȱ㣬ǲġ
ٶȴﵽ£ע̫ӵʽ׷ʽϵǧ򻯣ٶȾͻۿۡ
ҵĵ֮úȥδӣ
еҩЧȥ֮ϳ˫ۣһ䡣
һεĲ׷ˣûȷδ·ͺһӵԹУ·֪ôˡ
ã
үӣڰ˲Σܸܲҵʾ
ϳ򶫺
ϵ


422 ڰ˲
ûˣһڹ⣬һ˳վϳĿյϣҡͷԵݵĵֹڵڰ˲㣬ҴﵹѧһЩĵᡣ뵶۵ʱᵽһ£˵ڰ˲㣬Ҫĸ֡ɡ޻ڣ
ɡ޻ڣʲô˼ϳɻ
Ҹӵڰ˲㿪ʼֻܿԼᱻڶĵԻ󣬲֪úȥδӡʵܶɲ޸֣֮ȫ͸˵츳ŬȻѡԼ·Ҫᶨƣܰ·ҡɡ·߶Զûдĳɾͣܺڣ޻ڡ
ɡ޻ʲôأ
ģĶᶨ̸õѡܶ࣬Ӧʣһ޻ڵѡ񡣵ô࣬ĸ޻ڣͨ⣬ͻȻˡ
ԭˣ˵Щ
ϳͷ
ɺܶ࣬ѡֻһȻҪѡһ
һѡˣͲٸġ
һѡˣͲٶҡ
лˣүӣٺú롣ϳȡһµеΪ֮һԺ쳣Ծ˼֮ǰ⡣
ˮǧֻȡһư
ϳ˼ڤ룬Ժﲻϵݣϵĸᣬѡһ·
·ֻһ֡죡
ϳϲ쵶ַ۵糸ٶԣÿνһɱʱĹﶼһĿܿС
书Ψ첻ơ
׷µٶȣٶΪơ
ѡ·ϳڣҲɻ
߳Թ˻Ȼʡ
ͺðˣֻҪԼĵøͿˣҵĵڰ˲ΣҪľǿ죡ܵʲôֶΣжֱޣֻҪҵٶȹ죬ڵ˳ǰͰĨ˲ӣǾӮ
ϳ˫ۣеһ

ȷ˷򣬾͸Ŭˡ
ӣϳÿ춼ֳʱ򵶷еľʱ򣬾ȥһ¯
һδεƣе֮ӣʱ䣬ҲһЩ
һ;Уһ۳󣬿ϧϳĵҩƵ˹ؼʱֲֻ̣ܷλᣬһ𼶱޲

һ죬ϳ
޵Ӱ˸⻭һѤĻߣݺ˷ƱĿ񳱣졣
һ߽ͨң˲ͻᱻɱ
ˮīīȾݣ
ϳͷд⵶ƣʣͿĨգҶīĵǣûκǡ
һ̣ϳתһƿգѩĵâƿڰյĿӡ
ƽϢֶһЩ˿ڡ
ϳжʽ治ɫͺղʲôûƵġеİɫ૵ҵĵǲ죬Щһֱͣԭٶȣô޷ͺ֮һҡ
ؼʱ̣ð˳廰֪ʲôӰٶȡ
ʲôϳ˫һ


תԳɹԴƣֽط򡣵ٶȴﵽһ̶ȣͻᱻָƣһޣֻǿһЩ޷޵ġ
ԭ˵
ʵ飬һֻеʥ𼶲ŻӴҪͻƵ𼶣Ҫ򽻵Сһ࣬ҫ𼶾ʥ𼶵ΪǰӴӰ졣
ת˽˳˵Щ¸ʦ̸㣬κѾͷǸƹӣòһƨָ㲻֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬾ͺˡ
ǵڶʦϳЦ
ޣƾɶǵڶŵģ
Уһŵġ
ϳһۣϲĽй飬ϳԣһƬء
ʵÿ˶ӴֻǴ󲿷˶ڹѡ
޴ڵġ
ˮӸߴ£ϣ
ҫֲҲ
ﶼ˳Ӧ
һЩ似󷨡ӡȵȣԭʵйء
ֶΣͼֻҪþˣ⡣ҪΪؼ䶥ǿ߾Ͳͬˣðĥ͸ˡ
Ҫ죬ȵ˽졣
˶Ľϳҵ˶סʺĽ֢ڣܵӰ죬ٶȥ
Ϊ˽⣬ϳʼĸ鼮ڻڵһЩ⣬ں̺ѰҰ취
ĲֹϳһоˣܽһЩ취
˵Ƴƣһ̶ȣͿٶٽһˡ
ٱ˵Ӱܵתƣٶȡ
Щ취ԽȴûҪհᣬϳҪԵͻѹأǵϵĲν
ǰ˾飬ټ˼ϳóһۡ
նܳԽޣ
ܸܵڤڤ֮еڳнƻٶȻ
նǸ⣬֪²ܹˡӵ߲ͻƵڰ˲㣬һѵ飬Щ˿мʮϰͻơ
ϣϳ֮ǰǷͼǰһæͼе֮ܳʱڣΪıһЩΥ˳ıİϳ򵶷л֮ͨ

ϳĵͻƣɵ浹һüĿ
һŵİƷʦڻҩоⷽмңԼĳȱһƽɵоһŵ
ŵϳǰɵƵĵҩ˵ݵɵѾǳӽˣõƳĵҩȥɵһȡ
ҿϳɫһӹ˵뵤ҩоһ
ݵôһ£ƳĵҩҲȷʵɵ
ƽǺѵģó˾ŷѾѵˣѶԴһµҩ
ԼŵһԿʱ֪ݵαˡŵ
λŵһλߣͱӻҪ۱ϳʦһģƽʱ˵ȽŰ塣ԪƳԣһɫӣżֲɣ
ϳµ뵤ҩɫʦ˵ĻţûҪ֤лƽɵΪл⣬ʮеţԺҪǻҪ
ϳʹȡʮе
Էôߵı֣֮ԽΪ
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ϳȥٻְ۳飡ͻȻһһէĺ


423 Ů
ϳ˶Ŵһ顣
治ףô죬ڵһ̡
үӣɱˣסȥٻޣϳ˷ܵ
ҾΪ֮ĶҲһ㡣
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󹦸ɣүӣôˣϳʵ
һֱ飬һһת
ڶǿɼģüţܿϳϵ仯ʱ˿̣һһϳ裬γ
ϳϲæְٻϣٻЧ
󷨴ͨ磬γһռͨһͷ˹ϳһǸɫЫӣϳһΪЫҫ𼶱ޡ
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ǶãҲܱ֤ÿζԽٻɹҲǸ˵ö𣡡Ҳŭˡ
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𼶱ޣ

ף˵ڶͷ𼶱ޡԣôˣܽб𣿡
ҪȢҲû˹㣬ģòҲǾɫˡ§ڱһ棬ӦҲů͡
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˻ݻȡ衣ߵõǿı޵õߵԴŮ
ΪñޱøǿȷʵûǮÿٻı޶ǳʼ״̬ΪʲôΪʲôٻıޣ
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424 
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л˿ޡŮ˳ڵģղսʱֱˡ
ѣŮȫϳұۣԺܰϴæ

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ھ񵽵׻᲻Ǹδ֪СϢϾСϢ
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ûãһԩҶͷҰ֮Уɫһ䣡


425 ҵ
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ϳԶԶĿ΢΢ü漴ջĿ⣬ٶ࿴
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뽲ľЩǿһЩ߽ϵ⣬һһ˾Ͱ־ѡˣ˭ܱѡУͿ컯ˡȻ߼ӱѡеĻһЩϱûоԵĹƽԡ˵Ŀ·ɨһȦ
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426 
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Ž޴ڣȴֿţҪͻƣҪֻпˣܼͻơ
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ۿҪȥͬʱҪȥĴڣԼ뵽ȻУ·Ϊһ壬ܿ
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ۿˣǸӡϳ̾
ǰ˼ߵķӡ֮仯ͺһȺө棬ߵϳʱϳ߰صĺӡ
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ٸչʾһƻķֻҸ˵ķʵֻһ֡ץŵĵŰջնֳ֮һӡӡഥӡһһ飬ͻǲ
ϳۿһĻ˼ʶ
ԭͻƵİ취
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ղŵͷųķӡʵ൱ڹһնеļնˡ
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̫ӣ˶࿴ʧСһ֣еķӡͳͳʧ
ϳղȷʵٵ˸ӵ֮У˳ࡣ
ղŹҵܶû㽻ھʣˣԸúýˡ
Ÿϳϸ֮ǰǳֹ⡣
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м飬Լƻаȥоɡȡؼ͸ϳ
⼸ؼ˽ڴҲġ
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ϳͷ˿еļ飬˫΢΢һÿûָ˵·ɨɻ
նҲǵ˵ڰ˲ΣʱҲûٷң
ϳ𼸱飬˳Ļ˼ңͷʼоôԸ
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죬ϳУǷСҩֻʣһݣҩҵ֮ܳ״ˡ
ÿһʱ䣬ϳһξҩ⼸϶˺öΣһˡ
ǰ˴εĴͣǿըΪʢķҲ൱ˡ
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ϳĿǣսܡ

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ھӢӴսٿ֮ǰһ벻鷢ˣµĲ
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ʵʫ쳹羪ף֮ң
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΢΢ͷͻǱ˵£޹أ
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Ȼֻǡְλϵһֱ仯ʦʦͽϵԶϳġ
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ڵⶼ֣ͷܶ
·ϣһҲ˵ţ;
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428 ӢӴս
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ϳ
ϳûȥ˪³һֱۣӰλʦ˵ʦȥһˣ˵Ҫ


429 ս
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ڳĺĵԾԾԣĿսϡ
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ʦӹȥˡϳԶʦЦЦ漴
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һ˽ĵӻʮսƵӵߣһۿϳָϳѡˣ


430 ѡ
ָϳ곤Ŀ׶һɷһ˳ǹǹĸ֡
ϳ¶ζ֮ɫû뵽Լһͱˡ
ܸôΪʲôѡҵ֣ϳЦʵ
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ϳеĵٶȲ죬ȴõƱƵöֶãֻĿŵԽԽ
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ͣ׶ͷϣţֻƤ˶ѣ䣬ѱһ˽ӽڹŹǰһȦĸо̹ġ
Ļһѡϳˡ
ղŵѡʵǸѡеһԶԶԼĵˡ
ˡ뿪ɡϳջָеɢ쵶Ҳ֮Ӱ٣Եշ硣
׶Ծûˣ뿪˵أԶȺС
һⳡսͷֳʤǧˡ
ͽܸóɱɱʦġӰʵȴΪļսɱҲ塣ս棬ߡ
ңű䳡ǵӢ˲Ӱ˶֮ǰҪϳһڲŷ뷨жô޴
Ӹղһпжϳϳʵ𼸸֮ǰ˺ܴĽڵ׽˶٣˭Ҳ˵塣
磬оΣƫͷʵ
ǹЦ⣬ȴЦˣֻıɽһǣȫʵҵģˣҲˣһսҵʤԶΪ뽣һġ
ǾͺãǾͺáˡ
Щ˵۹⣬˿ø͸
ϳСӵĵ軹ǸߣСС;˸ַ緶Ǹ֮ġսƣûܹߡ
ԶĵȺҲ
ҵ죬һսȻô죬һоͽˡ
ϳûãʵȻôǿɽϡ
ɽںĵ֮ǳˣȻһܣϳǿֲ
սƵĻǧѡϳʮа˾Ҫ䣬ղһƼ򵥣ʵϷǳ¡
ĵһɧϳһ壬˶սͷսƵʮûҪǵȥϳ塣˵ӮӮˣҲпܸܴĴۣӰ쵽ս
ϳһҲûĻһֱյϢʱ
ڼ䣬ſսƼۣڲͬ˵ת֣е˻ûսȺͱ˸ˡ
ʱϣָָӵĿ̶ȡ
ˣͣ°ɡûڹ涨ʱȡʤˣˡ̵
ԭڼսļ˲òͣսƵıס˻ᣬսʧܵȥ
һڽʮĵӢӷսˣһֻһսᣬӮ˾ȡ֮ΪµľӢӣ˾͵õսǸղսĲСһӵʱϢһӺһٿʼ̵
һֻСС֣ڶڿʼͷϷžӢӵĹ
һӵϢʱǳ󣬳ϳ֮⣬˷׷׷õҩһˣһ߲
ڸƷҩİ£һӵʱԻָȫʢ״̬
սԹƽġ
ֻһսᣬսᵱȻҪϡϳеսƣɱڡ
һӺܿȥ
ֵˣϢʱʼһڡʮӵսƵĺĵҪһһѡǵĶֻ֣ѡ嵽ʮľӢӣѡǰ˭еս˭Ϳѡˡסͬд裬㵽ֹ
Ǳ롣
ۣھӢӴսд裬ҲˣʧɱҲ⵽Źͷ
ʮսУһһ
սƵĵ˫ĿһݣԽڶѡսʮ磡
ļھӢλеʮȻеҪĿꡣ
ЦЦ˿Ϊ⣬ɽƮȻ£䵽˿տı䳡ϡ
ȻʶҵĽҾͳȫ㡣΢Ц
ͽ̰ɣսսܣԭһ
սܿ쿪ʼչ˼ҵɱһһʽֶƵ
ֵϳ۲ʵˣţĿ¶âһһʽС
Ͽ뼸ǰûʲôͬϳ
Сҿ͸ĵϸϷϳЦһ
ʮйһʤðٵ˺ɳȥȡʤӮĻɡ
Ӣӵıô׺ġ
ŵڶս˵ѡ磡
ղűֲɱϾǵʮǰ漸Ҫֲ
֪ǿս߻ǵѡ
ϳڼֻ˼ЦұһȥսսһսĥľƣӮĻˣ˭ˣܼˡ
սⷬЩ޳ܵĻ˭Ҳûȴڴ
޳ܵĵʵ


431 ս
ڶսͬĶ֣ʮй󣬱һۣܡ
սߣȫѡս磬һ⣬ȫϳղŵĻȥչˡ
Щϲͬϳ˵жǺʵ
ϳּɣһȥս硣
սߵʵǺܲģƵó汾죬򽣹ڡ
һ׳ѤǾˣֱӻ˶֣ȡʤ
Ҫһʵһս¶˵ϸ
ֵʱϳеս
һâĿ
ϳ˿еսƣϵȻһݡ
ڵȵһ̣ǲס
ϳ̤һտı䳡ÿһϵƾǿһ֣ɱҲʢһ֡
Ҳһֱڵȴⳡһսսָ˼֣н£Ŀˡ
ϳңߴ̣ѡĶ硣ⳡ䣬ϣΪսݣ븱ȫ
һƬȻ
ıдһ£սһˡ
΢΢һ㶣ΪҪ粻ݣ
Ϊ𡣡ϳ򵥴
һûأ
ûС
̼ϳ˼תͷ磬˵һĲ죬ҪսĻ˶ͬС
ͬ⣬ⳡս͸һܸɴĴӦ
΢΢üСҪսϵɱⶼأȻѪ
ʱյƲһ⣬һŮ̵ĶУӦϳǴսСעֻܻһָסֹǴսԺǻᶷһһ˽ᡣ
ȻˣҲûҪپˡ
ãԸⳡսΪսսǶϷһͲٸˣⳡսֻһ֮󣬲ǽ̵
ԭĵ㵽ֹڵս
绪ţֻһ
ΧֵȺһը˹ս̼ǵ񾭣Ǹ˷ˡ
˵ע֮£ϳ̤գ򱳸İٱϻлһ֮Ϲס˵ݡΧХϳϵ죬һƱѩš
Ҳͬն𣬳һֺں֮ɫɢȵĸ£Ե÷ǱѰ
һ˱ѶԸɱ㣬ɽӴ󲿾ͳӮˡЦ
ɱңԿɡϳһֻŵ֣֡
𼱣·绰δ䣬Ȼгϳֱ̹ȥһ־򽣹ڡ
ಣಣಣ
ΧƾոÿһǳɫģɢŻȵĸ£ϳ˹ȥһҽ
һ־汾죬ֳʵԶԶղǼս
һν֣򽣹ýģ³ģʵǸðƻξͲͬˣʩչǻʵ򽣹ڣĽ߲㾳磡
ɼ⼸൱֮
ʱѵϳͬһ㣬·ԼжϣӦʥ𼶱ޡζɵġʥ𼶱еٮٮߣóֻԼܡ
ϳȫӦսûлӦĻֻ˼Сġ
ɲǼ䣬ɫѾӳգء
ӭЩһ⡣
ֻһǰϵƣߵܸʤһ裬ͣ˰գŷ׷ɢ
һȥҷ
ǵΪһƷܵʹֶΣȫһնơ
һеĽ棬˵ġ
һ򽣹ڣһһƷȫ֮зǳߵľ磬ǳȻĵӣܴﵽҲࡣ
ϳһһ浶ߣڰлһߣֱɱ˹ȥٶȿþˣĳԽޡ
ڻ޷նֻǿųʱһЩܾ飬ԵͻһЩƣͺñһ˳£ϡ
ֹУһٶȲ࣬Բ޴Ӱ죡
һһȻɱĽǰ
ٶ֮죡
ɫһ䣬Լ⼸¿޵һű˳
壡
˺ȻըͷųϬ貵⣬ÿë׶½˾ͺһشŵĴ⬣޷ӽ
һִ幦֮˵嶼ᷢʵĸı䣬һɽһ͵ʵǽʣɣҪ޴ĴۣҪð൱ķգвأٲ
֮ǰĸͽܶĿ꣬⼸ƴĿ궼ﵽˣ
ϳҿңɣһϱĽ߶¡
Ϊһܽϳˣϳˡ
õ壬˭ܵ
䣡
žһ죬ϳȻܣֱһͷ˽֮Уеĵֱɱȥ񲻿ɵ
ͷųһϳϵ·ƣ˵ļֻԲһƤѣûʲô󰭡
պյϳԣ͸һΪһԶʤ塪֮壡
Ŀϳ⣬ڣûбˣɢˡ
ʲôЦ
ɫ䣬⣬Ϊ壬Ȼûܵסϳ
Ӧ죬սḻƶĽͬһ£γһƶʹٶӲ١
Ѿܿˣϳٶȸʤһ
ˢ
ն˽⣬һѪɽ
ϳȻͣסճתͷ˸ոձնе硣
ҲͣȻĿԼ˵ĺ󱳣һ˿ڣҪ壬ֵ˲˺˵Ŀ϶ء
ҾȻˣ
֮ǰĿǰܵ˴˶ҡ
ΪʵĿ֮ʵϳ֮ϣȴû뵽ոս־ͱϳնˡ
ղһʵ̫죬쵽
ǵýڵ˵ôϳӵңָ磬ʱ㲻˵ʲôڿԸˣҽҪɽڣҪж飬˲ͷ֮ޣ˲ܸοЩɽӴɱˡ
Ҷɽڣɫ쳣ѿŭͬʱҲһ˿˿ľ⡣
뵽Լɽڵӣθһڣð亹
Ҫ£Ҫ£ҿ磬ɽӴܳߣⳡսһң
ˮ׼ս̬ǷǳҪģ⣬ذɡ
Լʩչѹ׵ǿСܽҪһаһǡ


432 ȫѹ
ܽʥ𼶽ܹ֮ǣ֮Դ˻Ϊһ콣ꡣ
ʥ𼶽УܽǰéĻҲͽһҪѧŽ
סǰ䣬ֱ񷡣ն仯Ʋӿ޴ڵ֮۳ΪƲشһ䳡
ϳ̧ͷһۣϲ
֮ô˭ã
ϳ춯гͷųд⵶ƣˮīʽʱ£ˮīѾ˴ԲΣ⾳Ӱػ֮Լ֮˫˫Ϊá
һ߶֮ջܵ˫Ӱ죬ͺ˭ʵǿܶø֮
һīϳ뵿Բܵ⾳Ӱ죬˾޴ı仯ؾͷ·һˮīﶼñīնɣдС
⾰ʵʵǻþȴɼ
˿Χˮī󣬺ܶ඼ɵˣֶҲ̫ˣֱĪ⣡
籾˸ΪȣĸоõΧ֮ϳķۣƿأһǳΣյļ
Լߵ֮ڣһҧأûõĽ˳еĻϳңңһָ
ಣಣಣ
ƲеĽ׷꣬ൽʤ򽣹ڻҪˡ
ָ߼ѧչԾͺˮīһ꣬ۼ
ȻǺΣյġ
ˮīɽ续
ϳееĵƻһǺʣؼͿĨȥʷ콣ɢźŰ߹켣ԾϮԶ硣
ˮī磬ʱ籬Ѫ

ҽһαˣˣˣ
ܽκβ˶ϳ
⼸ʵıҸôܣҲ
缸
ΪԼȲʤȯȴû뵽ϳĽ˿ֲĽֽ棬ȫ˿ȥҪɽˡ
ڵͺһˮߣˮкҷڣ뾡һа취Ծȡ
ףһ֮
һɣл˳ȥٻǿޣһЩʥǿ߶Ľͷޡ
ɳջγΪһͷڡԡȮͱޣм׳죬Ϊ׶
ԻΪʳ󺣡
ʥ𼶵ĻԱУǿģû֮һ
𣡡
ŭХβ͸߸𣬻תڣΪһϳ˹ȥ
ȱޣĸҵġϳ΢΢һЦ˵ϵڣŮ˳ȥͬʱŮȥҶ
ǣˣһаϡŮΪΣȥƾðһˮˮһ˿
ŮòβܹٿˮһʾŮݡ
λӦ죬˳̵ɴ۾𼶱Ů
ȷʵŮĿһ
ϳҫߣӵ𼶱ޣ
һԽٻġ
Խٻ𼶱ޣҲ̫ˣ
ȷʵе߹ʺˡ
ıЩŹ֣õ˼ʣʥǿ߶ԵȾָ𼶱ޣϳһҫ𼶵СȴԽٻɹˡ
ֱĳ
ˮܿ˻ʥ𼶵ĻԱ˸һˮԱޣ֪
ŮƿշɵǰʩչΧƾðˮ𣬽žס˻ͺˮеһƬҶӣˮзٴתͼȴѲá
ˮԽתԽ죬ҲԽԽ󣬾Ȼ˺ѿ
һҽУΪ⣬ع
簲ϢɡṲ̊ˮգ
綼ɵˣֱһجΣǵĻգۼĹͱɵˣҳֵĲϳֻϳµһ޶ѡ
ѹ
ȫѹ
似硢ʡޡ
ȫ·磬ûκʤԡ
ΪޣΪ⣬ֻʣ˱
ˣȫˣҸĶ֡ޱȾսȫޣϵήȥͺ۶ϵĽ档
ʦֻʦܾң
ץסһϣתͷʦ֮
һֱվһɽϹսʱɫ粻
ʦͽĿ⽻㡣
ʦҲϳĶ֣ʦͽһķݶϣ飬ֹⳡս紫
ĵͽڶ࣬츳ߵľ磬صҲ磬ȻԸ⿴ͽ
̤λͬʱλ츳ǰ;ޣϳУŵһʧλ̧֣һⳡսϳӮˣҵͽܼˣʰ·硣
ʱüͷ¶֮ɫȻ˵ȥĻóȥˮȻ˵ս;ڸġ
ͽѾ֪ˣֻҪһС
ͽûⳡսԴ޹أֻǴ
ҪͽܲŸ𣿡üŭ
ұԼ׿ڴӦҪϳսֲñˡⳡսǹеģڳ֤ԼӦˣܶϷͽܴӮսӮͰ·ͣĵ·ĲͽܣϳĻӦһ𣿡񵭶
ھ˱ڣתͷ̣ʵ޸ΪΣ
Υ˸Ц鷳ƵϣͬʱҲ˲ۏˮ̬ȡ
ҧҧģֽĿ׼ϳ
ϳϷŹ磬սȻϡ
ϳͽһֻҪϷŹʲôҿɽӴ˱òĸϳ̸С
ϳնӰٱϻлһĻӦһ䣺һ˭˵
ʴȶ֣ġ
һ̣ϳΪһƶīڰҷ裬һδεĹ磬ÿӹһ˿ڡ
ۣۣۣ
еܻǷȫûãܵԽԽأܿͱһѪˡ
ⳡս˵Ű
յơ
յ̲֡
յ緢
յŬ
ȫΪӰսߵ³
ͽܣĵɴ˫ۣĿѣս˳ȥͽܵĳ嶯
ͻȻвɵ£С֮ս㲻֣ܲ͡ҲȲ硣
ĸҳ־ˣƻⳡսһġ
ֻܴʣѳ嶯
սȥ˾š
ϳյʱѾ֧顣
ֻǸʼѡϳŵһɽϵ˵
˸飬䡣


433 
ղһսһֱΪֵͬܰģŵȭͷǺˮ·磬ˣһɤۡ
ֱ类ɱǰһ̣漣֣漣ûг֡
ˡ
ɽӴˣһǰҫ۵ϣ֮
һ˵Ӱ쵽ҵˡ
ֻǸʼѡ
Ļе־壬ȥϸԺ󼴽顣
һߡ
ҧгݣŭʵλȥͽʬܿ԰ɣ
Ȼԣ㡣ɰ죬߱ܳ뿪һ㣬ڰ˳䡣Ȱο
ⷬûκãĻŭ죬һ壬˽սĺĵشΪոȥʬ
ϳվڸƽûбʤͷԡ
˹ȥĿԹУҧɱ˲ɱˣͽܲģһ죬һͷ
ȻôںͽܣǾһȥˣ˻и飬áϳڷ
ծ˲˫Ѿˣϳìܱĸ㡣
ɱͽܣȻңĲȻŭ
ҽеĹҧˣŻңԹ԰ϣһЩϳ΢Ц
ⷬ⸱Цݣ˲
СҲʹʹ죬Ժڵһ죡
Ȱǿʰʬɡڼƴϣ紵ߣɾƴȫˡûǴĻͽһӵˣζӦҵõ
꣡
Ľµĵѣķζ챻ըˡ
棬ջĿ⣬һץصʬƬͳͳȻȥֱ뿪˱䳡Ҳȥˡ
̵սֳʤϳɱ磬ΪµľӢӣ
ⳡӢӴսеڣһսɹĺĵӡ
һʮµ
Զĵһɧչ顣
ϳŸûþ͵˾Ӣӣ̫ˡ
ղһսоȫռϷ磬ɱǶ֡
ɵɱ˾Ӣӣǿ¡
ҿȵڣкܻߵΣ
̫ĽˣҪʵжá
ϳΪ˻еģվ˷˼ϡ
ֱĿĴϳѾϰΪܵȻ뿪Ѫܵս
·ϣϳʦڵķ΢΢һЦʦͽû㶪
΢΢ͷʾ⣬ûж˵
ɱ˻Ϊ˵ӵİսеˣӲᣬսȱȱʤҲֻܵͣҪΨһͽûʲô¾Ϳˡ
ӢӴսС
ʣµļĵӽǳѡֵĶ󣬼ʶϳղŵľʵЩ˶ѡ˱˵֣ûһսϳ
ζϳĩβļӢӡ
ڶϳڣֻսɹΪµľӢӡϳɱ磬һ̭ԭĵڰ֮ȡʤеͶȡɵĳɷ֣似ԵĿƣԼ޵ЧսߺܲȴҲûа취
ڽⳡӢӴսѹϷ
ʮӢվһţȴսĿʼһĦȭƣԾԾԡ
þӢ֮˴˽ˣÿһӢһսᣬһʼսѡԼǰκһӢӣӮĻȡ̵֮
УڵĺߣҲΪңÿһսǾŵĶԾĳȣԹ߶ῴѪڡ
ڶȵĿע֮£̼˵ÿһ쾫ӢӴսŶ׼ĽһҲ⡣ζþӢӵһˣܹõһ𼶹ඥؼΪⱾؼƷʲףѶȲҫ߶ա
һ˵񾭡
𼶹ඥؼ
ΪؼˣҲҲĳܿɹǣҫ𼶾ͿգΪҪ̡
󲿷ֵѧҪʥ𼶲ѧҫ𼶾ѧģⱾؼ֮ڴˡ
ⱾؼȥҶĳȥ
ϳ˫۷Ź⣬ɵȻĶ
ϵѧֻʥ𼶣һ𼶶ûУǵõⱾؼһС
˸ӣûϸ˵ؼ࣬Ž˵ڶԺĽÿֵ𲽵ݼ
һؼǲ죬СͻƵ̫ˣҪͻƣܵõⱾؼˡ㲻ڣҼ˸ˡ
׵һЦǵڶû֮ǰѹһͷİ죬µһʮþȣʱⱾؼȻĿڴ
̽˵һľӢӴսһССı仯ĵһͻƵʥ𼶣˵ݣµһλλԴһһλ˭ѡսһԲսʤֱӳΪһȻֻʱģսܣȡܹ֮ΣõһҪʵ
仯˵󲻴˵СҲСζſʡȥһսһսռһαˡ
Ȼ˭Ҫǵͷռ˵һλͻΪʸ֮ģ⵽˵ַսҪסһλã൱ѡ
һڵսǴһʼǰսģϳΪ˵һӵѡȨˣѡһλô˾ͻַս
Ĺ֮£һѡˣδʲô¡
λڵڶͲͬˣһֱ䣬ֱѡûκ˸ȥռݵһֵʱ򣬾ͿֱӽΪһռ˵һֻҪһܾ˭һı
ˣڿʼϳһսѡҪսˣȻҲȨԭλȥսκˡϳ
⽫һҪľ
ϳԽڶǰͣĿһɨӶһλڵھŵľü
ڰ˱̭ȥˣŨü۵ľüסԼλãûб̭ǾӢӡ
üϳԼɫһӳ
һڴ̨ϳйһЩĦʱûϳոǳսıϳĿҲСϳˡ
ʵ࣬綼ϳɱˣȻҲϳĶ֣ʤ㼫ã
ںϳѡԼüĵϳ֮ǰһʱ嶯ð㣬㺣ʵȫøߵΣûҪҹȥͷһɡ
üû֮ǰ磬ͬʱϳЦ
ϳƲˣЦһӲث֣ĺˣҶûȤҸȤǵһ


434 
ϳ仰üӶɳˡ
ûɣ
һҪȥһ
ֱǷˣ
ϳʵǿҲǸ֮٣һߵһı˿϶жһһս
һȺַսĳս˭ܵˣ
ˣֱˡ
üϳ񣬾ͺڿһӡ
ϳȴȥ࿴ü˻Ŀӹִֵ̣˵ԼľѡսһҲǸλ
֮ǰĻ˵üһģⷬǵ˵ġ
һ
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Ӣһɫã׷׵ϳһµȥһҲ̫Щϵӷ˰ɣǶֽģ
ߣ֪ߵغ񡣡еľӢһųս⣬ϳѹȶȥ
λڵڶ°ͣۿϳ¶ζ֮ɫЦԽԽ˼ˣѲĶֻ
ԶսĵҲը˹
ϳǹģȻ뵱һ
ļһǿվҲǸµӣܸЩϵȣҵĻ⣬϶֣ͦսͻᱻ˴ȥ
ſɡҲԼȻһ
ӮһӢӾҲˡĿͷԣѵһ٣֪ˡ
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վλϳվ˶ף󣬽ſ
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ΧХγһŷ籩ԷΪķתڷ籩֮Уͷ·ȴ˿ңûб紵쵽£ҪĹףԼԵƿ
Сӣ㻹ǸʵʵĹĩβɣһȻУǹϳ˦Χķ籩ҲŹ˹ȥ
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˲лʽڰչƶ൱Ѹͣܵ𵴣Ҳ˵Ѻۡ
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涾ûܶɱϳЩͨͨĶҩˡ
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ϳۿŶķ㵹ǼЦЦ


435 
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ЦҿҪˡϳһ־Ůڳͷ۳һ͸ľצŷץȥÿһץɳһצٶȶ൱ˡ
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ѾǵڶˣûҪٲҴţѣɡ
ϳıİٱϻһ˵еĿֲ޷˳


436 
һϳİٱϻзɳһֱɵĿյϷΪȻȻء˺ëըɢǷԲǧΪ֮ս
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437 ӲӲ
ҸұƴʣС֣һ䣬漴һԾϳĶ棬಻ʮס
δʽ֣˱չײ˴ɢԵͷڶսҲڰһδν棬Χɳʯ濪ѡ
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438 ˮ
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νĸ٣ְڰƹĴС񣬱ȻʵۻҪʵۣ㶼νȨ졣
Ҳյȵս֮ëԼܻʵۣϧԷΪԴΪۣ˱ϵĺƽ
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˴󲿷ֶǹŮΨһ⡣ҡе˿壬鶯ˣճߡ
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439 ǰ
鹫˸ٵС˲ȴûбʾԾĬĬơֻŻĴ֣վ塣
һ֦ҶʱȴҪֹܵȻ衣
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鹫̤뿪߳˴
յԵĹֻܿ޶Ļˡ

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һֱַƣذϷƵݣȻЩɼģɽӴң˶ϸΪɽӴ¡ĺһмֻ֮࣬ʣʮˣʵǿľңֵߵҲҡ
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440 ɱ
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ڵִ֮ǰ;ɽӴ󲿵һֽ
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ʤֻ뿪ϳֻܿ뿪һ䱣ض˵ڡ

ϳĿ׼˲ԭֻҪѲԭɱˣͺðˡ
һ߾١ɽų򡱴̨ƵķʽƳԭ־òףȥҲԭΪ
ڲǶʱ
һѶʣϳһЩɽӴ󲿵Ĺٱбʳ˲ԭ䣬˵ԭ֮ǰһֱѹµϢ
Ҫɱԭ͵ýѰ
ϳѷ²ͳͳŵ˱߹صһ򣬼ϵĸٶ¡
۵ִ˳ǡ
ԭпܾڳС
ϳվ֮ϣӸ£ֳƮһЩɽӴ󲿵ġ
߹صһЩϢûдɽӴ󲿾ڹ֪Ѿǰ
ϳʦһ䣬£ֱʹȥһöǣֱĴǰ
ʱ˿̣ܻʵԼٹ£ɽӴһЩԱҲڵڣλյĸ٣Ȩߡ
ϳͻȻ֣õ˶һ
˵ɴ۾Ŵ͡
Ŀһ䣬֮ͫųʣһֱڵȣڵȵҪȵˡ
󵨣˾ôʹٴȵ
ϳûаϻֱڸǰץס˵Դһ飡
ﲻǸĵطǴССϳ
㾹ɱ٣һɽӴ󲿵ľٲȻɫ
ҲҪɱҪɱ㡣ϳٴٶޱȣڸո˵ľǰһȭ˹ȥٴƬ
ֻ൱ĵˣϳŻʹսֶΣԸЩһĵˣȭžˣʽʡˣ͸һֻûʲô
ţѵе嶼ɱˣһϳȾѪȭͷ



442 
ϳһ£ʩ
һը˹˫˶һЩ㲻״
ϳͻȻ
ȻɱɽӴ󲿵ˣ
ҪҪĻ
пŭɽӴ󲿵Ĳԭ鷳ˡ
أܹɽӴ󲿵ƴˣ
м佫׷׳֣ɽӴ󲿵˹˹ȥ˫ļս
ϳȻѹȫ۲ŵڵսɽӴһһЩ֣ûԴУھҷһɽӴ󲿵ʿΪ׺еıҲϬ
ಣ
ϳٴγ֣ר鷳֣һɱɽӴǿʿ
ʣɽӴ֮ҲΪ壬һռϷ硣
Ƭ̺󣬵ڶʮʬ壬ɽӴһȫɱˣ˵Ѫ֮С
ڵٹٱѹ˰֮ãǳһڶ
ɱʹ죡һ佫Ц
Ժ󻹻иʹģֻһʼѣʱܵʹ࣬ҪʮٱķɽӴ󲿣ۻۡϳȻ
˵Ŀⶼϳϣ˾ȣĳȡ
ĿΪӣϳʵˣ
ҲŸջϳ
ɱɽӴ󲿵ˣĪѾ˶Ըԭİգ
ȻС
ãܺãоˡ
ܻʵ֮ǰ˲ãһʱ仹üãȥ׷ɱԭʱҪִ֡ϳ
ǺǣþǺ£µľһ˳ûˡ΢΢һЦ
ϣһֱȥ
ɱԭɽӴ֮һλϲգ˰ɣ
ϳһ㶣ʵû뵽ԷͻȻ顣
ΪʲôҪλϼҵ峤ϳüʡ
ʵе࣬鷢չһλϲȻ顣һϻѾʽ΢ҪͳѾʵˡڶܻʵйͶ֮٣ɽӴ֮ȫ¶Ҽʵۡһپ٣ڣϼǹǿϼҵµĻȻģ㱾ҪڻڷչһСĻλĸĸûеľ飬ϼУϲǵʵ۵ѡϼΪ֮һƾϲյʵۣûбѡ񡣡һʮ͸
ⷬϳηѣ
˵ϲյ˵ĻʵȷʵΨһѡ
ϳϼ˶û뵽һȴ뵽ˣɼһհԶˣҲһܱˡ
㵱ܻʵԼӦλ£Ⱥ˻ĺܳá
ûûԶϳ
磬ҪĻʵʵ͹ˣҪ̫˾Ͳͬˣһ㣬ߴһٲҡҡͷЦ
Ĵ˴򽻵ʡ¡Ӱ˵ȷһߣص˵֪֪ԭںδϳһתֱص㡣
ԸͶ󽫾ﳤһ־ӽʮɽչأλжɽӴ󲿴鷳ԭΪжԳԲɱﳤĲѾࡣҲԭʮɽǱߡ
ȥ׷ɱԭסܣһᾡ춯ܣҾǣȵȶȥ׷ɱԭ
٣ɱԭһ˱ȱסǸҪھͳɡʣµ飬ǲɡ
ǰǸܣ˰ڲԵĻʵˡ
ҵڵǸܣֻٿҵ˻ѡҡҡͷǫŵ̬ûжļӡ
ûٿ㡣ϳ
¸ԸΪЧͣģֻ󹶻ˡͷ̬ȡ
ϳĿһۣʶʱߵļҲ˰ɣ
˺ܿ£
ҵǣΪѾˣûʲôв㳹ʧȥüֵ֮ǰϳ㿪
ǽˣȥ׷ɱԭ
ϳ仰תȥ
仰ǹ˵ģڵȫ֮ϣڶԵĻʵ۷ʩ
ʵһС
ϳ˵ţǿţµٹɵλܻʵۣΪܻʵ۵ıϳ
ĿϳıӰԶȥиͬͷҪһµȷѪˡ

ٽʮɽĽ紦
һ۷˵أǣһƬƣƲ鿪
ϳվϣӸ£ңһ޼ʵȺɽüͷţϵıʮϾ
ӳһ·ɵڼ˲ˣ˲£һЩ黳
ע⵽ͽܱ죬ĵ˵ʵ£
ϳͷһ·˲ɽӴ󲿵ӱһЩӲսһȺ׵ĸо;ûܴ̽ԭȷϢһѾˡڻڵŹƣɽӴ󲿵һЩûܲɾЩ˺ܿѾѻڵϢɽӴ󲿡ԭ֪ҵĶ֣ѡҲ֮У˺̡ĸ֣һѡͺҵˡɱѰ
ô죿
ֻһһˣȼҲ͵תǹͷɽӴ󲿣ܲܰƳ
ϳΨһѡ
ھܾҵԭɴĴһܣҪǲԭ鷳ˡͺñǶЫӲ¹û׼ͻᱻҧһڡ
ۼУʮɽ
ϳΪѰҲԭͬʱҲΪѰҹﳤ裬ݡһȺɽ󺰵ϳڴˣ
ϳڴˣ
ϳڴˣ
Ⱥɽ֮ըصþòϢ
ܰѲԭǹﳤκһλһջ
ϳźʮա
ֻҪȾˡ
һЩ壬ѭۼΧȴ֮ϵӰǸеη塣
СʱԶһӰɽ䣬ÿ𶼻缸֮ңٶ൱֮졣
ϳһϳ˵ݡ
߽Ĵ󽫾ﳤ裡
ｫþòϳ΢΢һЦк
ϳһɤӿ湻ģԶ֮ⶼˡﳤ˵˽ҵ˵ղŵĺпɽӴµ壬ұһˡʲô岻壬ͳһɤӣðٴķҲﳤЦ
֮ǰһڵĽ㣬ڿӣԳ׷ˡ
ûʲôõĵģӲء
ιһΪ㣬ΪҲԭ֪֪䣿ϳлŵһԣѻص㡣



443 
ﳤ賤̾һڰֵˣҲǲԭĶֻ֣ܰ°ӣһЩĸɽʱʱﵽϮɽӴ󲿵ľӡǰּΣɱɽӴ󲿲ˣë˲ԭСԴ׷ɱǣǱƵܽʮɽһǰ֮áǶĵطأֱڲԭҲûҵǵĲ֮
Ҳ˵Ѿܶûмԭˣϳʵ
ҪҼһغˣĻ˵
Ϊ⸽𣿡
ﳤг°ͣҡҡͷӦò⸽ɱˣĻһֱûжôҲûջ񣬹Ѿߵˡ
ҴɽӴһֱҵʼûҵҲ֪ܵϳü
ڵ

ﳤһϳĿһ䣬ɵ㵽Ѳаɱ
ǵȻȻϳЦЦԼһЩ˵˳ԼоԵɱԭ
һ򲽽ԭصʵ߳ʲôʣϳ߻иŮʦܹæһսӮġ
ﳤŵ֪ǰƮȻɵŮǻڵǿߣʱȻ𾴣ʩһ
ϳʦͽﳤ֧ûҪٶزˣڹﳤк£ȫ¶档
Ӳϲİ˴򽻵ĮĹڿУ˾롣
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֮Ĺϵ츲صı仯ԺҲôˣȺ˵Ȼܸˣ¶˼ûйЦ
̸䣬ﳤᵽܻʵۡ
ϳΪôﳤʵ
ָķ棿ϳʵ
棬ôΪľô˵
ҾһˣܶʱƣϧԼС
ͦϧģеģǹűסԼ֮ǰҰ˼ţҼɽӴڰһǣסɽӴ󲿡ҼϮɽӴ󲿵ľӣͨ籨ŵģԭҪɱңҲǰ֪ͨҵģҸо˻ϼҵ£ֵķݶϣһ
㶼˵ûѵáϳ΢΢һЦⷬһ
ﳤ˵ͷŵԵ֮ǰļϢˡ
˾飬һɱǰȥɽӴ󲿰صľ¾ݵ㣬ʧͳͳո
ѰҲԭһ£ʱûʲôͷֻһһ
һøָ·ֶλصڡ
ϡ
ϳһЩǣʦҪĴշתأȥͽʵĲ̡ȻˣǱ·ȥһЩ£ʦԼȥתתɢɢģһߵķ羰㿴Σ
һҲġҡҡͷ
ûµʦҵġߣ̫ŵǸԭҳˣ㲻ߣ׳ŵðͷҶһ
Ǻðɡҳ˴ߣţҵһ¾
ȡһ壬ϳ
Сϳ֮ǰѾõһˣϤ
ʦһδعãٸҶɡʦ㲻ڵʱһܶ˼ˡϳִЦ
Ӳᣬֱһ֣һɿ磬ϳס档ı˷зϳۣнԶ
ϳûȤĿʦԶȥﳤһ·ɽӴ󲿾ݴľӪ
ԭŵõͷڹ꣬οˡ
ϳ˵սûĸӪסֻбķݶ
ⳡͺǻԭտʼֻȼݱΪȫΧڵĴ󷴹ڸؿɽӴ󲿵ľһİγ
ɽӴѹôãڻѹ˿̹ĵĳޣɳȫ汬ʼ񱨳
ЩսܵɽӴ󲿹ٱ³һһҡ
ɽӴ飬һ
ģһġ
һսעҪս˫ʷ϶ϴˢѪ
ϳⳡսķߣҲһ֤ߣĿսеһĻĻԵĹԣҲԵĲпᡣ
ڲԭֱջʧأҲûг֣·һ
ɻɣԭϴսһѡݷĻпҲˣֱΪԼʵŻһͷ¶棬һµĽѡ

ǣһҽֱСꡣ
ϳڿϣһЩصزСԣ˼ǧ
ոջָԪٷϴˣСǽ¿ţƹǸòҺʵˣһĨһֱ߶߶˵Ÿ£УϳеСԸӰζӡ
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ƹİڷ꣬һæһ߶
ϳûо÷ĬĬš
һȺ廹ﵽ֮ͷϣǳҪȻǽµˣ˵ϵˣޣ湻ĺģ˭ɱ˭Դǰռп쿳ͷϵѪ˺һ㣬궼岻
챣һӢϳɽӴ󲿵ɱ仨ˮȻӿûˡ˵ϼҪΪµĻˣʵ飬ϼ˴壬ȻҪϼ˵ʵۣҾ˫޳ɡò˶ãҪˣҲ˳
ƹ˵ûûˣⲻ֪Ӣ۵ĵԶ
ĶȳԵĶζ
ϳԵĺԵһʱ򣬵߽һλ֮ͣһ׺ͷϳ̧ͷһۣ΢΢һ㶣ϳ˶Էݡ
ЦЦָŶĿλʵ𣿡
ܡϳɴ
ߵͷȥ
ܴȴСû뵽ǰϳ
ϳߣºˣϳյʱ˿̶ϣϳһݴ
ʱϳԣǷѾܹˣæ
֪йϵпܾװ磬ϳȴ̫ĵ⣬Ͼ̶ϵڡ
ʱ꣬ؾۣϳ⡣
ǰҿɲҵڵԶϹͷ֮ϣһ̧ˡ΢Ц
ݣֻ۱֣㵱һǰϳ
ãҾͺƤһǰ
ѵۣƹԵĹ
أأ˵仰ߡ
Է̶Ǳߵˣϳ˳µʵ˵Ļй̶𣿡
¶ˡЦݾգࡣ
˵ɡšϳ
ݲúͻȻ˱࣬Ҳϳ̫û̶


444 
˴˻ϻӣƶ̸˵ĻȷʵɣӦϳ֮ǰĲ
ɺµѣûҪʲôʲôҾֱ˵ˡ²֪Եʣӡ˼ʮ֮ãӡڼ䣬޹Ӱ֮СǰӵˣһתͶĻ¡ص޹ʱѾ˷ǣֻʣ˹һˡڻӵ츳ĸߣأͻȻص޹ȻĻӵжܵ˶෽żѹҹĴѹΪң޲ýɱ֮졣ɺСģʱ
ɺҲ̶ıȫɺ
ϳЦǳȨ嶼ס
Ȩж⣬Ȩֵջʵ̫ˡҡͷп
ֻ㷢ɧ˵صɡ

˼˵̶һЩϳ
̶ǰһ͸ţôһ˵ɢȻʡ
̶ع֮úܲãνı֮ǰ˲ٵĿͷһΣ
޹ĹսʢǰһսٽѪɷ̲˶Է׳ࡣ
ַУ̶ͳ˧һ֧ӣҹĶǣ°ӣʦǵǳˡ
̶֮Գʵãŵսܣϣܹ롰ϻԨڳΪʥ֮ǰء
νĶϻԨһվأǳΣգοڱչء
̶һȥʵ׶༪١
ΣյȨУȴһΣյĵط
״
ϳԼµ˵Ŀģ廰ʵȥ̶
ЩһֱսһɼʶʵԲ˸˵ֻǰɺµ㣬ȻԼֱֵ棬ȥæΪ
ϳԸæһֲ˵ҲȥԸæ˵ƤҲá
޹ǿȣǿѹͷߣǿ嵽ҲпԸͷ
ϳԺ֮иֳһٻӰһһЦǡ
Сʱ򣬾Ѿʶ̶ˣʱ˭Ҳ˭ֻˣȴĵûȡ
̶Σȹ
飬飬֮⣬һ˵ϳĵѿ
һȥ̶ģڣѣҪѹڵȥ飬ܹ˴ʧˡϳ
ȥҲ죬ҽʮİ֮ȥ޹ܱܲȥ첻顣˵
ʲôʮİգĪʲôƻ
ʲôƻֻǾڵʵһЩаա޹϶⵽ϮһѲס㣬Գ֣鷳ˡˡֱԣڵ㻹ԶĶ֡
жǿ
ǰڵλ޹ڲҩΪһЩͻŭ˫֣ƽɫ˭ҲûռˡⳡսԴжϳʵ
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Ȼܵסڸʵ̫뺷
ҲǾǸεĸ֣ԶԶϳ֮ϣοһж
ֻ˵һɽһɽߣϳԽһɽվµĸ߶ȣֻߵɽ
ʵ֪Ҫȶã̶ܵȵ𣿡ϳüʵ
Ҳ֪̾һ£ҼͻͽʵܰɺµæԾ˵˵Ҷʲô
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ֻܸϳ߱ˣÿ˶Լܡ

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̶壬ϳȥ˰æҪȾֻܿԼҪ̶Ҫоʵһ͵ĵߣ̸
ҪʮİգȸŮǸΣ̫ңԶˣҪʱ̫
ꡢꡢʮꡭпܵġ
Щ鼱ҲûãϳĿ仯Ϊ˶
µĵ֮ǶԸɽӴ󲿣ǰɽӴ󲿵ľӴȥǲģһҵķɽӴ󲿴һ겻Ϊ֮սϾ㡣
Ȱڣڲȶ֮ǰǲܴ˱ġ

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ʽΪǸλСԵƹµһ
ϲʵ۵̫ˣҲûʲô£Ϊԭ򣬱˼Ƶ˻ʵ۵ϡ
ڴ󲿷˵ʵһ飬ϳȴȻʵкôҲлպܴΪˣûƾԼĸ׵ʵۣοֲϲ
һһϲռλ֮ϼ˳µĳΪµĻ壬ڵĳԱ׷׵˴٣ԭϳһµִס
ϲ»ʵһ˵յȵȣһ֧˳׼
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սעҪˡ
֮ʬɽɶѣѪɺӣĴ󲿷ֶɽӴ󲿵ĹٱҲһЩ޹ƽա
һ죬һƬشӪկ׼Ϣһ£Ȼټ
ϳо֮ڣڸλ£⼸λ֮УԼˡ
Ѿ˷˶ɵԣϳο
·ߵʱ򣬺Ȼ˴˴ʡ


445 ʥ
ͻȻĹٷһЩͣòʱϴŽ֮ɫ
ϳһϳ˴˵ݣģٰݲξһְھʦһ̣֡ٲ˶ʸӣ߳⡣
ĲξżҪͻȻҵĴʡϳ
󽫾ԼһֵµʿɣЩʿԽԽˡڸղţһʿɽӴ󲿵ƽ²Űɱˣɱ޹оʵ̫̣ɽӴ󲿵ʲô𣿾Ҳеִ硣һ·ϣɱѾˡĶʿҲͰˣɺܶ౻ɱֻƽѣǺ֮УĲξʹļ׵
ã֪ˣڻᶨһЩ¹صġ
Ƕã󽫾죬¿ɵȲð¹ٽھͰ䲼¾棬֮ǰⶨһ¾棬ĿҪʲôܵĵطٸġ
Ĳξһдǧֵֽŵϳϡ
ϳһֽϵݣüͷ΢΢ɫ
һݣԼٱģͬʱҲɽӴƽյġϿЩ֮٣ʵȴȻ
ͬһ£ӲͬĽǶȥõĽǲͬģǷǶԴʱ򲢲μܻ֮һ𣬷ֱ治塣
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Ҫһ޷ս־ԼʿˣĻӵڣ
֧ӵֱΪʵݵģ
Ĳξ㵹ϲйǣȹؽǽϳŽǰĲξڿޣȴ͸
ĲξԹɫϳɫ죬ͷ󽫾ˣؽֻǾЩɱƽ̫Ϊһ֧е޵֮ʦ˲бʡ
ɽӴȥ˿˾Ͳˣϳ΢΢ۣ絶ɽӴڴɱʱվЩ𣿡
¹һȭȭ񱨹֮ģȻӲѵͷ֮ʱдü£ԭ飬Ź²κ岻ȥȫʯ󺣣ûã¹ʵ񡣡
֮˱ɱʱվ飬ɽӴ֮˱ɱʱվ飬һʥˣ˭˶ۡ
˵ݲãΪȡ
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󽫾û˵ԼʥˣҲû˵ֻܱ¶һ߶ȣ鱨ȴɱ޹ĲξԱ⡣
ǰҵ뷨ֱҼʶɽӴɵһ׮׮Ҿ֮󣬲Žı뷨ЩʹֻᣬԹ᲻ġ˵Щ˵ʹĲɽӴ󲿵ĺҲǿа취úʹ࣬㻹ܼܲװʥˡ
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ⷬѵһףġ
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ԱߵҲ飬ϳŹĲξһ
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ڡ
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ǽǽͷͷܶһȺɽӴ󲿵ĹٱԴ
ڼǰʯǾ͵õϢһ֮ȥӰдѡߣֱصĳгţϽκǣֹסȥơ
ڳڵˣĻǱģӭս׼
󲿷ֵ˶ⳡսΪһսɣ
ɥʧ־ԭ㡣
һԭʧٶգڲˣɽӴʧȥĹǣһɢɳڶϳʵ̫ǿ󣬳˲ԭ֮⣬ɽӴҲҲһ֮ǿߡ
֮ǰɽӴսʤʱ򣬹ڶԲԭ蹦̵£ΪǲڱɽڶڲԭĿڱҲ֮ȻһƬ
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ⳡսʵܺߡ
һű޵ڱ˶أϲһʸӲŻصʯǣˤڳͷϣһجġ
онϷ֮⣬ܿҪɱˣ
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һ֧б޿ϮƴЩЯ˴ĸըԴӸ߿нЩըо֮Уɾ޴˺
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ʱ˸е尾ֹһľڳǵҰУһֵĴչֱ˸ź⣬Ӹһѹֵɱ֮С
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һƥͷ֮ϣһɫս۵꣬Զȥʲôߣ˾볣ûʲô
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ϳһϲĿķ
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447 
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ֻҸܣûɱ㣬ͱˣ첻ɽӴ󲿣ŭ
ɱң޹أֻ̫
ٵ⣬¹˭ֻһأٱϻгԼıһšй
һŹڹϣһУԶùУ;
ʵ֪֪ԼԶϳĶ֣˾ˡɽӴΣʵڲ֮Ҳøϳһ
ݷŻЩԭˣò
֨
ң۳һʸ׼ϳš
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ûһͱɱӢۣӢ۾͸սɡϳ̤
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ĸ
ĸּ˳һʱ귢ǵء
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·ϣϳԶԶĿһƴ̣Ȼסͣ˽Ųפ˴̵Դͷ
ĿԶԽϡһССĴӣ˸æģȥʮְͺսδ
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ʦͽһģҲҪһߡͨǿϵԼһϵص㡣
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ڵ̣ھӢֵ쾡¡
Ӣǰϳʦ˫˫˴˵ء


448 Ӣ
ϳԼӶֿȵһ־˵ע⣬ڶĿ˵ϡ
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449 ݷ
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ԭ֮ǰ²ϳһصڣҪϳ뿪֮ǰȥϮΪԷһһ׿ԵĶһڰпһ֮á
ȥһ꣬ԭΪһʧˣŸ¶û뵽һУϳȻ˸ڻڹʲ󣬱Ȼ
ⳡϷһ꣬Ҫεȳȵԣ
ԭһĵĶߣϳͬһĵĶߣ
ʵǿĺŷǱѰģϳǲԭǿĶ֣û֮һ
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ϲǻʵۣϼҵ峤ɱɱ˭
վڲԭĽǶȣϲվһж֮졣
ԶڻڵʵٰģһܵõĺôˮȻҪԼȥƿҺҲϳ͸ġ
һɲǣ˫˼ȣ˺ܶ࣬ʵֻ˺̵ܶʱ䡣
ǧ˼ͳͳΪ򵥵ͷ
ԭ뵽ֻһ֡ӣ
ϳ뵽ֻͬһ֡ɱ
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ΪϳأҪǻһĵҪ

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Ӹղᵽ飬ϳǵһ˵˼ֺ棬˳ϵʵʦղᵽⵤҩʲô
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451 
ϳ飬澫Ϊ֮һ
ٰϳһ꣬ڼһֱڵĲ㣬ԴʮӢУֻڵĲ㣬˶±ڸ˲ٵ䳰ȷ
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֮ǰķԸϳÿһʱͻǰȥѧա
죬ϳݼʦ
ſţˣһӣһ˺Ȼѩɽ˪³ǡ
˪³ıϳ磬ոڸ죬º͡ϳʱϵº֮ɫʱȥϳ񰵺â⡣


452 ˺
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ס죡ҲȥˣڱһϺȣҸʦ֮װףѪˣҸʦй֮£׺䣬úʦѹʶ꣬ҿԣ
ƽʱ˵ǰģڵĻǶˡķӦԽң֤Խ󣬿Ҹղ˵ûдʦȻɲ˪³Ц
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˪³ǵĻ˵һ룬ͻȻϳӵնڵʯƫͷܿһ΢һ㣬ӱһѪۡ
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Ѫɳ
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һɺϯ䣬ñ㽫Ŵסˡ
ոջɢĲˮ˲䶳˱硣
ӣҽɱ㲻ɣ˪³ָצ֮۳һ¶ȼ͵ĺŽǰϳĻȥ


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˪³ǵʵεǿеٶȫǷ켫еĺ˵УԿᱻɱ
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˪³ǵĹ̺캮⺮ı̶ȣԶԶȻĺΣޱȡ
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˴ʵޱȽӽ˪³Ǿֻһʵ϶Ҫϳ߳һء
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ͬǿǿԾܱ飬Ҳ
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ƣΪķòӮģһԷ״̬ʱ򣬱˾Ϊˣƾʹˡ
жôΪϾǷ֮ͼ˫һ۳һǰһڰſΪһۼΣ
㣬ı²̿ɲԶˡ˪³ЦһֱӲϮһն˹ȥһĽһɲǼ䱻˱˵ϣˤ˸顣
ϳһĻжϳǳԽ˵߲εĽǵڰ˲㻹ǵھŲ㣬ö֪
ӵڰ˲㿪ʼÿ˵֮·вͬ˺ѷֱ档
˪³ǿУϳӶȡʤ˼һ𣬵кܴʤ㡣
ڲ׷󵥴ʱϳһ̤µıǽ˪³ǹ˹ȥʦ֡
ʦһʰʦͽͬģϽ𣡡
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ȸŮǸ߸ϵǿߣϵ۷ڣܹĲٿߵ䣬˿Ϊ档
ϿȸŮڻڲŲʣʵһֱץûܹȨ
ȸŮ⴦Ӱڵˣʹ˵ٶȶΪ֮ǰƶһεǽڣס˵ȥ·
ܵټϼɵȸŮò׷ס֡
ȸŮǸеΪάԼԼȨٺ飬ֻҪ˽ˣͲȥɲġ
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ݸ߸ϣǻڵֻҪͨ췴̶ֳȵĴ󣬾Ͳʲô£ȥҲǱ𷣼ѡ
꣬ꡣ
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Ҿֻһ֮ңҵ𼶣ôʰǡ˪³Ƕв֮ﳤȥ
ǵָǻҲ˶ѣһ˭ͻƵ𼶣Ȩλͻ֡ŹѾ޷ˣΪһЩ顣
˪³һȷȷʵʵѹϳʦͽɱɱ۸۸
ӿ˪³ԶȥıӰ޺޵ҾȻ˽ύ˰֮꣡ǰҿͿһΪ˲֪֪治֪ģԭʲôˡ
֮ǰ⣬ȻڣڷԼԲ죬¶Ŀˡϳߵ
ڶʦͽ֮ǣԺҪӱСģҪ
ͽס
粻ֹ
ʦģˮڣٴ鷳Ҳн֮
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ⳡͻ֮Ųٶ˪³ô
ӣϳʦͽ¶С˺ܶ࣬һһıһȥ˵Ҳûܵ˪³ǵĵѣ˭Ҳҵġ˪³ˣҪô֣һ־һأò
ϳСĶȹµʱ⣬һӭΪشͻƵҫ۷ļ


454 ˭
Уϳϥգתתɣͷųۻע֫ٺ
ͷŵƽʱǿ࣬Ե궯һ֮ơ
ϳֱܵ仯һϲ
Ҫͻˣ
ڵΪٽһҫ۷壬Ѿʥ𼶵żǸҪת۵㡣
ҫ𼶳֣ʥ𼶷ࡣ
ÿ˵ķͬչֳһ˵ʵҡԭķıۣǣޡлǡ˪³һͷ׷Ŀ˪Ӳ·
ϳķʲôӣ
ͻƵʥ𼶾֪ˡ
ͻƻҪƲ
ϳжϣӴȡ߼ͳͳ̵͵֮ڡЩɶ˻ײ֮ϣȫΪ˴ССƬַתЩƬ˲Ʒһһȥ
õͷŵȣ忪ʼʱ䣬Լʶڷ仯ͺһ󾭹ǧ֮ȥߴݼʤһ
תǿͻƣ
ּٳɳ˳ͻƵ۷״̬涼˾޴һϳʽҫ۷塣
˽ʱ䣬ҫ𼶳һ·۷塣ٶȣ˲żüõĳȻУҲϳ͡
ɱľӢӣҪüܴﵽһںĵӾ͸ˣʮ궼δС
ϳ֮ô죬һ鹦Լһ鹦ھӢʩȫдԴӦҩԣĴæ
ϳӭشͻƣϲʤ˹ȡʥһһǶ֮ϣʹʵٶ
֮ǰϵӵ˾ܳܵļޣǶϳͻܵʴһתɳͷβ壡
ǼޣԺֻ滻ˡ
үӣһϢͻƵҫ۷ˣϳϲ
ǸϢ޵
ٽһҾܾѷ֪࣬Ҫʱ䡣
˵ˣܶһؿһӣξ۲ࡣЩ˶ոͻƵҫ۷ֱʥ𼶣֮Ĳĺܴ󡣡
ҲҾǸ˶֮һʱ仹磬ԿֱܲӾѷࡣ
һԡصҪתΪˣĵڶ׶Ρ
˵Ľ׶ָʲôΪ𣿡
ߵʵԴ·Ϊ׶Σһ׶עڶ׶עģ׶ע޵һ׶ΪСһǿϵĴҫʥǵڶ׶Σҫ𼶿ʼ͵Ϊ׼ˣҪѵʱʡ𼶿ʼ׶Σʼ޵Լĵ˵֮󣬻Ҫ޵׶αȵһ׶θһ
ԭˡϳˡ
ϻһ൤ӢҲṩӦ൤ԣļⷽ棬൤ܰϴæ൤ܣø㱾ĸﵽһ̶ȣ߳һţǲеġҪǳ˷൤һͻƵʥ𼶣ʥˣĻϡ١
ףȲһʱԿоˣȥԷ൤æ
̸ϳ建ڵϣעȫ֮ϡ֮ǰйĵؼļԣԴһĻä
ϳ˫ۣϢʼµĵεΣļ䳤Ѱҡ
δ˭ң֮ʱ˭˷֪ң˭
ҵҾ£һѪƤңġҡֻһڰˡҪѰңҪģ
ǰΣ𣬸ֽ֯һ
ϳŶʮ꣬ȴ൱࣬䣬йԨĵ͹ȣҲйĿĻԻ͡
޹ЦŭĸʵԼ
ⷬ˼˺ܾá
ϳԼĸһЩȴδܾѷࡣһε˼ֻǳĳԣʧҲԤϵУϾһξͳɹѷ˶ֻʷҲô

ӣϳصתƵ֮ϡ
ھӢרŰĵʩص㣬Ϊ̶⴦̶ˮ֮У˱ƽͣһ֮ˣܱƽЧ൱档
ϳʱڵõڣʱ͵ûɾ̶ˡ
һκܶȥϳȴûʲôĽչö˵ѷҪʱǿ
ԻĲ񣬺ܶ߿׷ãҲЩһͻȻ;ˡרģݽϣһЩӰ˵飬Ҳܴӱϵõϡ
ϳ·ʱ䣬ʱ䵽似Լϡ
Լλʦ̵⡣似棬ĻǿϳԼ
죬ϳһ˴ѧһµ似
ڵʵ۽磬ʥ似Ѿ޷ˣֻ似ȻĶ
㻹ӣһʯʯԱһλɣĻߡ
ϳμ̫ʦ档ϳ߹ʩ
ڵǿָλ߾֮һֻϧԪ˶ˡ
ÿͰ͵ƤĿȺ͵Ŀϳһۣ΢Цˣ֮ǰߵ似ѧ𣿡
еѧˣҲѧһ뷢ֲ̫ʺԼȻġϳ
˶ŬҺܿ㡣ΪȣͻƵ𼶵ԽСյϣԽҵٶ𼶣涼̫޶ۣע졣츳ܸߣҲʮھͻƵˣϣ൱֮󡣡
̫ʦǵ˽ܣ޶ۣϾûˡ
ܿܿȣҸ߸ϣЩ𼶵ľǿȣҾͲˡ
̫ʦ棬⣬һʣҪһ
ʲôľʰɡ
Щ֮ǿ߶ȥΪʲôǻϳʵ
ǰЩңԶñ񷣬ҲǰʣھͲͬˣܹӴϵĶǿߣԽԽЩϢϢء֪Щ飬ֻкôûл
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⻹Ǹ鷳¡ϳüͷǿղܳߵ磬˺ѵЩյǿ߶ˣ
һᣬûʲôԴ֮֡΢΢ۣصҸǵ˵Ѿˣ²໹ܳסգ
Σϳʡ
Σ
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455 һ
ϳ˲ɴ۾ȵΣ˵ðգǾҪˣ
ãã˻ʽ֮УֻһźСǳǿޣܲס̫εաϴһǿ߰շǵѾ᧿Σˡɳƣ˲ɣ֮У˵Ļǳء
ϸ·ǿ֮ͣʥ𼶣Ϊƻ𣿡
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ϳĬˡ
ȷʵˣնǿߵջʵ̫֪ˣǿǻǻǰͺ̣ȥա
˻һϯϳܵһǰδйĳء
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Կ϶ǣһ쵶൱֮ǿڿ쵶ɣϳѧŵܶһ׵ߵҲкܴϣϣھŲΡ
߲һƷ˲նŲĵ֮·ôߣϳЩ㯡
ϳպؼȥ㿪ʼоµ

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һ쵶İ֮ӰΧֿʹγһɹɹĿ϶Щ϶ǾԵ״̬ûκƣõķٶȴﵽ¡
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ӾӢȡһ൤ŵҩ˾̶·ϰϥ΢̶ˮ֮С
ľܿƽ͸ǰ̶ˮһƽûһ˿ˮе굹Ӱ·ڿһԼ
˪³ͻƵ𼶣ǿŶԼסҸʦĴΣˡ෴ģҪͻƵʥ𼶣ѷ࣬øǿɱ˪³ˡҸ֮Ĳ࣬Ͳ˷֮ϣĶ˵
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ͺñһ٣Ϳ˭ܵյ㣬˭ͻƳɹ˭ͻӮơӮˣδܵõʲôˣȴһûк³
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൤ܿ췢ҩ̼ϳʹԺгܣļƬƴһ𣬺һӹ
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ԣԹ塣
վ˾˵ĽǶȿԼ˽Ȼͬĸܡ
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һ൤УǾӢԴ㣬ϳʹá
˺ÿһʱ䣬ϳͳһ൤Ծѷ࣬һδγԣһδʧܣԽԽ¡

ӣʣȥ˼֮á
˪³Ǳûдʲô󶯾Ȼ𼶣ԴϳҲòȥʥңңڡ
ϳķ浹ǽڽϽһСɣĵƳһƷҩ


456 ͺ
ѧͬ죬Сˮ׼Ҳž춯صܣԶԶЩͼѧ
ϳʩչһ죬ܹ׵޷϶ȳѧէʱǿ̫̫ࡣ
档
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൤ܹ˾ѷ࣬ҩԴãϳƷ൤Ĺ̻ھѷѡƷ൤
ƹУȷʵϳһЩϣȻûܾѷࡣ
Ҫһʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˾ѷʮϰ꣬ϳŲ¶ѣûܾѳɹ
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ӲޱϲĵܺãƳƷҩΪʦһⵤҩˡ
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ʦүһݵһ¼֮Уֻ˵ȴûмҩЧҲ˼ȥ֮ǰһЩż߱ĳõĵԷġԸִĵһҩЧд
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һһŵ͵ϳǰдֽϣּ㣬ƺɵϳС
ϳͷβһ飬üͷ
ͺϷ۾ȻҪһһŮƣƹУҪԼŮ˵ע뵽ҩ棬һ𡣹ֲʦҪһƣһŮˣˮ׼ôߣҲƳҩۡϳü
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ⴥ˽ɫ΢䣬ȥʦɬʹ֮⡣
ʵıʣʵʵհˣѵûȥúооаҡ
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ȥ֮ϳ˲˼ȥоݵͨһЩҩƶϳҩЧͺϷۣ˳õĲҩ׷ͣ˴ھҩЧǾ˵׼ˡ

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һԸܹʹ˲ǰһԸɵʱ˲ǰʧ䣬Ȼӡ
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ڹϣϹʲôء
ϳȫȫ
ҲһЩδйܣͽǳȵúůαȫ̼ÿһ񾭡
ҵձ΢ʦͽ˵һЩȥԷ
˺˵һ֮أҪע뵽ҩ֮УԴΪҩͺϷ۵ҩЧ
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ӻ㱼͸оԼӵһڣΪĨΣڴƵϻ֡
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ԭͺϷۻǺãǸüƣǸþʹ˴ס
ԥҡڡ
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ʦ
ӳڼ֮Уȥһʦ
ͬʱͺϷ۴󹦸ɣҩЧ׼ɢһߵ


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һĹӣʱȻˡ
⣬ԭͺϷ۵ЧȻǡӻʧɫһ
û뵽ҩۣЧȻ˲ͺָԭŮϡ
ʵ̫ˣԼͽһƳЧҩۣ˫˫ܵӰ죬Ժôͽܣ
ǰ֪ҩЧõϣȥơľѳۣҲˡ
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鷢̫ͻȻ˻ܣͷ壬ȴǸմȾЩҩۡ
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ϳոѹȥ궯ٴα·ڵĳˮԼһ֮ĺ˲أţÿһκŨҵ֮˫Ŀ֮ɫӵг٣
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ˣ¿鷳ˣѹʱ򣬲֪ᷢʲô¡ʦͽôܹһ𣿸οϡͿĶףɱϳйߣϳС˯˭ãȻʦ˯ˣ
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鼱֮£ϳԴϣץסݺһҪϳѣϳ˯ĸһ˸ְ취ûܽϳ
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СӣԼҿɲˣԼĻԼճ˸ɴһͷص˽ָ棬䡣
Ҳ֪˶ãӵ˫΢΢˶ƿһ϶


458 һȥ
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˾Ȼ§һɺͳ
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ʵһ£ܾܲܽһˡ
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²Ǹ֡
ջز֣ԾɲǼ任һ׸ɾ·վ˯ϳߣĿò
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ȻǲܵģĶѾˣз֮£ôʦͽ˵ʦͽԺ¼涼Ρڶûٴȥˡ
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Ѱӣ˸߼
һǿҪǺҵģڴ롣

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¹ڷשϣӡɫԣϳӰϳ
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ΪǸ޽⣬ȴû뵽ȻµϳҺȻһ£뿪֮пȥˡ˷ȡ
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Ľ˷ȣ壬Ҳпȥ
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˷һվأһȻγɣһλǿߵ˹죬øΣˣʥ߶п棬ҲɽĽõһŵͼע˷ȵĵԼһ·ߣĽȥ̽أ档Ҳ֪ͼ⣬˷ȱ˱仯˷Ⱦа֮ңɹȥҪʱ䡣һϸ˵˷ȵڵص㡣
վָЩΣղĵطһЩȻγɵص㣬ŴżǿߵĹĹȵȣվء
֮ӦĻж츣أָЩʺ߳ĵرĵطΣնҪվҪСǴ󲿷ֶѾռˣû˷ֹĶ츣ء
˷ʥ𼶸ֶͣΣճ̶ȿ֪ӵֵطϳʵе㲻ġ
ϳҴҳˣǰһţ뿪ʱ뿪ģ˼ĸ֮⣬ûиκ˴к
ϳѡһЩױ˷֡ڻڵĳҶͷ뿪ò
ƿշУٶ죬һ·ɳűңԶ˷ȸ˹ȥ
ûв͸ǽϳߵĺܵ͵ǱһЩ˸סˡ
һȡһҶţˢˢ㣬дϳȥ򡣺Ҷһʽݣһд֣⼸Ҳܿ
׺Ҷţм˪³У˪³רõģ


459 ׷ɱ
ѩɽһվѩɽ֮ϡ
˪³ͼϤͻƵ𼶡ϵĺҶźȻ춯֤ʲô£ҪϢ
˪³ֹͣȡϵĺҶţϵ¿һ飬Ŀʱһݡ
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˪³ЦһվһԾһѩ˳ȥҪ׷ɱϳɱ֮죡
һδ֣ϳʦͽ˶Ķ֣οһΣʮİɱϳ
˪³һЩ˵ָ£ϳ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ

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Ϊֻ𼶱ޣ˪³һͷųԼıޣͷȥԸѡ
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δܻѣȴǣסѣ˪³ǶԾ㹻ˡ
ʵСɣϷŴγԱȣշУѵ˫ۣʩչ˴
ܵӰ죬Ŀʧɢֹͣ˱ǣҲ޴Դ˯
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˪³ǵڰлըеĽ죬һδιϳ
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ƴɱʩչֶΣ˫ˣߣԳһЩࡣ
ϳվ̫ˣ۹׻ս飬˪³ǲһأǶ֡ٴȥעҪԴ
ϳıߵϳӲţ򲻹ܣҿˣٶȲȫеĻ׷㡣˷Ѿܽˣ֪һЩΣһЩطԸֻҪӵ˷ȾͰȫˣҲп


460 ˷
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ϳ֪Уûдӣǲ˶Ľ顣
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ϳȻУʵʵûתʡΧκԣʣȻѽΧ
ĵݺȥ֯ΪһŰɫĴѩи
ҵıޣ
˪³Ǳһһͷ׷ӭƮ裬˫Ŀ׹ҫƶճһϳ󣬱佣֮ɳ;
ϳûѡǿ֮Ӳһ󱳶һѪ̹ǵĺ壬ȵ֮չ⡣
ϳƴԼˣһᣬӵʣ˿Ч
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ˣϳæ
ѵѸٱСΪһ⣬뵽ϳİٱϻС
ջѣϳת˳ʩչˮīеŮһˮīһ˿ĺī⾳
ˮīɽ续
Χܵ⾳Ӱ죬òգһˮīﶼˮīնɡУϳӳһΪŨīزʣǺŭֱֽ˪³ɱ˹ȥ
˪³ǳֵ۱޾⣬Ϯĵ̳
䣡
ǿǿԾأ
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ϳŸղһϺ󣬻Ϣ֮һΣͨܳѩİΧ˪³˾롣
˪³Ŀϳ᳤׷ɱȥйƹ֮ĿĲݡ
Сӣ˪³Ǻ
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ֻӵĻȽҾվס

Զӣٽд
ϳˣƶͬʱĿס˪³ǣ˿Ҵ⡣
˪³òᣬɱʢг裬նһ佣˵ϳȴɱϳŶ̶̼²ϳʵһνһأֽٶȣʵ
˪³ǼᶨɱϳľģβɱϳζԷɳȥ´α׷ɱ˿ܾҪˮתˣ
ϳһ·սˣȴ򣬲˷ȿǹʵΣ֪Σָ·
һ·ӵķǳѣϳ˴˸ǲҵʱֱ۶նˡҪ֮壬ʱ
һܸľ棬ѾƵ漣˵ȥδ˻š
ȥǳ֮ƣʽϳһʧ󣬾пܰϣñڸ˿裬һʧٲԨ
үӣ˷ȻжԶеŲסˡϳʵ
ҧҧ֧һۿžҪ˷ˣġ˷籩ޱȣʥ߶ܽɱǣס˪³ǡ
÷ֹʻЧġ
ϳһϣΪ֮һѹեƣ壬ӵһԼϺ׷˪³ǡһ·ϣڵܣҰѺˡ
ϳǰѵ˼ǧ·ڵִ˴˵е˷ȣ
ϲྡǵطˣǰ˷ȣ
ϳһγб˪³ǣֳͷһۣһģǰӴɽӳǵһμôɽȡ
ɽ̾ڲã֮ϣۻ֮ȥһͷɽ֮γһɽȣ߶ȫ൱ˣĿ⡣ɽ֮ڿХķЩ粻ͨķ磬ǡ˷硱ԶͨķΪ紵֮Ѹֵβ
˷籩൱ڻеǸΪ߼Ĵڡ
ɽе˷籩۳Ϊͣͷͷξǿ磬֮䣬ʱʱ֡˷һĳףСҲмʮסɳʯÿһ˷֮УŴɳʯŷƸƶ
ǹȿڴ˷Ѿֲܿˣɽ֮ڣ˷ʢԳƵվأȥ˾һ
˷պգ˼ʱĹȿڳ˷֮⣬κλ
ֻпһܲҵǸδ֪
澰ԭȻγɵģһλǿˣﵱ˲֮أΪ˷ֹ˵׷ɱ˺ܴһﲼ󷨣˷γ˽˷ȡµ˷磬ʵܵ˸󷨵ǣһĹɿѭ
ϳǹ˷ûУһͷȥ֮ضǹ˷ľͷж졣ָӵ
ϳζǹ˷翴ޱȿֲˣӲͷƤһͷ˹ȥ
˪³һ·׷ɱ˶ûɱϳЩĽ꣬ۿϳΣյ˷ȳ˹ȥн
˪³ǵʵҲұ֤Լ˷ȥǽ˷ȣ
ڹȿڣ˪³һѩ۵֮ϣΪһ泤ޱȵıϳ󱳴˹ȥ
ϳͷҲأֱӷһʩչʽõγһɹ֮ϣѿɢ
޴ıͣһ£ͻ谭ǰʱϳѾûǰ˷֮С
˷ޣſ˴죬ǾĿ磬ϳУܵ˷˺ɱٶ岻ܿƵŤᡣ˷֮ǿͻ˵ϳļβѪۡ
ϳһѹطΪվأȷʵͬһ㣬ⲻáʩչһ쵶ļɣͼһͨͨȴʧˡ
õĵطŲͬ˷γɵҪͨԿƣͨ
ϳ˸ӣ˷˺ǰһԴֱķʽնеЧˣٳһ϶һʯͷ㣬ӷ϶дǰ˼ʮס
һ̣˪³ǵľ޴ɱ˹һ˷֮У˷ƫԭĹ켣ϳ˹ȥ
ϳϳ·ǰ˷֮С
˪³׷ԥһ£źһͷ˷硣Ժ壬ͻ˷磬ٶȱʱ˺ܶࡣ
˷֮ڣƶͺˣοܣ˳еĴ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ǿгУҲȡʲôЧܵ˷ĸţƫ켣
ϳնָһ·оյĴ˷磬ӷβ˳
ǰȻʣɽȸأпϯǱ˷С˺ܶࡣ⴦ż·Լʮ˷磬Ҫأͨ˴Ƹӡ
ϳɨһȦʵүӣܣ


461 Ѩ
Ӧ˵Ĳ·ͷ˷籩ٸһôߡ
ãġϳԹհ죬Ĳ·˹ȥû˷ƣٶȶȻӿ죬һڰһ۵Ĺߣ漴뵽˲·֮С
˵ǲ·ʵ൱֮඼Ǵɽɽڸߴ𣬱澭µĿʴγ˶صĵò
ϳǰŸող·˪³Ǻž͸ˣ಻׶ѡ
ƨζΣϳ
ܱ㱻׷ɱζҪãҪ־ͣҴսһݣһ˶ϡ˪³ŭȵ
ʥ׷ɱһҫ𼶣Ȼ֪ܵû֣бµҵʥ֮һʤʱҾܡ
ұɱ㣡
˵֮䣬ϳȻɵ·ľͷǰ˺ü˷籩֮ǰ˷ΪײУƱߵȺƻЩ˷磬൱һ̤˹Źء
ϳм˷ָ꣡·
ϳԶУһͷм˷֮УƶٶȻֻܿնٵ·
˪³׷˹Ҳһͷ˷硣
һ׷һӣ˷мǰԽԽԶԽԽһ;棬һĵطϰٹ˷ڼƶ֮ǰκһطҪΣա
˵ϳ˪³Ƕ˼־裬С
СӰĪͬھöһۣܱǣűߣҪֱɵ˷꣬ҿɲܸȥ˪³Ŀãж˼־衣
һߣϳڸ
ϳ˷̫࣬һʱϲתתƣһʱ۲һ£ҳǸ˷硣ֻҪҵǹ˷磬һоͺðˡ
ﲻ棬תƿɲһ£Ҫ˷磬ҪԸ˪³ǡϳΪѵ
һʱ͹ˣҵͨЩ˷й켣жϳҪҵ˷ġ
ٳһš
ϳҧҧӲͷƤ˷ڿʱ䣬ᡣ
ƶ֮Уܵһ˷ǣУæʩչնɱ˳һա
˪³ǳû侮ʯһͷ嵽ϳǰ˷ôãһξϳ֮
ζΣգ
ɣ˪³һ;Х죬ͥӣըѡ亮⣬ѩףѩ䡣
ϳʩչһ죬޿϶ȿ϶ȥ㱻˪³ǵĽ顣
Եı䣬޶ܶᣡ
ϳɫ΢䣬ٸѹʽתΪأŮȦͿĨˮīγһķ伹̲ơ
漴ϮϳĲ飬ж˴ı֦辣ϳʱܴؿһ˿ɲǼ䶳ɱ
һ󣬽һϮϳϢ֮һǰһһʤһ·𶳽µļرԭޱȣֱϳԴͷն䡣
ϳһݣʩչצӲӴУ۳צһץסնĳצʱ飬䣬նϳƣֱ۶˱硣ϣֱۣ˲֫壬ܵĻᣬˣ˪³һ롣
ߣ˪³ɱڵ׷һеĶϱۺȻըһɲеİй޺֮ݿ࣬൱Ӱ졣
ɰϳ׳ʿ֮ʱģΪľǵһ˪³ǡ
ɶ񣡡˪³ǰһģһ׷ϳȻѾʧ˸ղŵĴûᡣɱϳֻܵ´λˡ
ǿɱҫߣ˪³ƽһڸʥ𼶸ֹеĴҪͻƵʥ𼶣ûεȵĿֲ
˪³ɱĸ㡣
ΣյĻ˼غϣǱ˽
ϳעƶ˷籩Ǹʱһͷ˷籩֮Ǻ氵һѨĽʱյͼָ˽ȥϢһʱ䡣⴦ɽҪʱݼţһҪúðա˪³ǲ֪ܣֻҪȥ˷籩档Ҫǿ洳ǾѰ·ʱ㶯֣⿿˷籩ܽɱҴҵ
⴦شΪĸӣϰٹ˷磬ǲҪ֪жѨ
ϳ˶֮ȷʵ˷籩ҼΪͱңԶԶϳ֮ǰ˷籩һϵġвʥǿߡ
ž޴˷籩ڲƶһЩɣһ˷籩󣬴ʱλм䲿֣Ҳ֪ʱ񶫺˵ƶϷ
ϳһ߼ֵ˪³ǵķһ߹۲˷籩ƶŵλá
˷籩ƶٶȷǳ֮죬㲻Ͽ磬Ҳ̫࣬ϳĻܶݣݼš
ϳతغϵ͹ڵ˻ᣡ
˷籩ͻȻı˷з򣬳ϷΪ˷籩ߵһ
ϳ˫һ𣬹˷籩Ĵ˹ȥյ׼ǰ;ƿٶ¡ҷһϬѺۣһ˿ڣķ˿˸ըˣΪһԲС
˪³Ŀϳ˷籩оɲԲ׼ò׷ȥ˷籩ˣĻ̫ΣգֱǷɶ˻ùģһȦס
˪³ǳ֮ʱϳȻɽ˷籩ܵӰ졣
ڱʱο˷籩Ȼᱻһȥ׶༪٣ʱȻʱ˷籩ǡγһƽ⣬˴˵ɵӰ콵ͣϳȥĻᡣ
ϳֿסΧӰ죬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣ˷籩ĴǬһұڣұ֮һĶѨ
ಣ
ϳ붴Ѩ֮Уշɹȥûã˷籩ıλãʧȥ˸ղŵ΢ƽ⡣
ʲô
˪³ǵɴ˫ۣȻɫղһɲǣĿϳΣյ˷籩ҶһѨ
˷籩ĺ澹ȻжѨ
ûôɵ飬ϳײ⴦ѨӦǰ֪жѨŸðȥɶ񣬹ֲҪӣԭ̡
˪³Ǻ޵ҧгݣʶ˷籩˹ȥŸոտһɿֲϣˮһΣ˷籩ŵ֪Ѷˣ˻ȥ˼ΣǶ䷨ûܳɽϡ
˼ζӣգǰˣֲϾʹ뿪
֮ǰڸϳʱ˪³ϳϰһӡǣܹƾӡ׷ϳķλǸӡȻϳϡ
˪³ܹƾӡжϳϳû뿪̫Զƺ˶ĶѨ֮У˲á
ֻҪϳû뿪ͻɱϳĻᣡ


462 ֪
ɽ֮ڡ
ϳ˵壬վ᫲ƽĵϣŤͷűĶڣǷƶ˷籩Ȼû˷磬ȴҲ
˷籩ڵ֮£Ѿ˪³ǵӰˣǿԿ϶˪³Ǿ뿪һ棬ͺһȴı䶾ߡ
֮ʱǰȫˣ˪³ǲ׳ˡ
ϳһջĿ⣬۲ܡ
Ѩ˵󲻴˵СҲСһ۾ͷտյģʲôûУΨǽϿһЩּ
ڿĳϴ֮£ЩּѾģˣѱϡ
ϳϸۿſ˳ǽϿ̵ĸ֡һΡ
ĸѵĽµģϳʵ
ûµġ
ʬǲڴ˵ذɣ
ڣĵطڱ𴦡
ֻǵĶѨûбĶ
ûˣһѨѣĽûҵʲô
Ȼûʲôֱ궴뿪ˣʯȻӲڵĻڿġ໨ʱ䣬Ҿ뿪طˡ˪³ǶţҲԭ·أ뿪ֻڶ䵽һ湻ҵġϳƵ
ڶ˷籩Ϯ⴦ɽȰ󷨣ŶصĹһɽȵɽܵشͻᴥ󷨣󷨻Ὣ˷籩⵽شĵطϮɽɱǱ˷ȵһֶΡ˪³ڰд׶û£ǲ˼ɽȱһ˵ɽȱͻɱ֮˷ȵıԵشû£˷籩·ߣͲͬˣ˷̫ǿλɽȸأӶûطӡǶǼ˷籩ܰԵͷʣæֹϳ֮
ұ׷ɱţˡϳһţôһ˵Ҳ˷ȵɽǲҶġڶ뿪¿鷳ˣ˪³ǽҳȥǺá
ܱ֮֮ȱɱǿ˸˪³Ǳģﳣס͵Ǳչˡ
㵹ÿϳȻʧЦ
һЦʵȴΨһѡ
ܳȥֻ˴֮ʲôˡ
ϳһЩԸ磬Щﶼоƣ̫ңԶЩͳͳʧЧˣû취ȡ
˵λ֪ǷҶţھд֣ϷѩԼٻҲղ
͸ǿ͸ûˣ뿪֮ɢˣϾ˸ϳϵֻʣտǡ
û취ֻɽˡϳϥȥʼ˹ϢĶϱѸٳ˳ʧȥָ
ϳһֱϢȫʢ״̬ǰ˴һʱ䡣
ȻҲ첻ȥϳԶ϶˪³һ档
ߵĶǺܺõģ˪³ǲĿģ뿪˵һ죬ʮ죬ʮ죬ã˪³Ƕδػߡ
ϳҶģûʮİ֮ǰǲȥġ
Ȭ֮ʼŬһʱ似ϣʱϣʱ䶼ϣžѷƴŬ
ֻҪ˷࣬ͻƵʥ𼶣ɽ˪³Ǿһս
ҵķൽʲôӵģ
ϳޱȿ⿪š
һδʣһδļԣڼ䳤Ѱʵҡ
ʱһȥ
ʱţϳľϵı仯һʼܽ겻ƽĿǰ⴦ɽԼļ˼֮֮
ֻƽ̶ֳҡ
ϳԽԽˮеĵӰһ
һº
ϳԼѷѾ൱ˣֻʣһ֮ң
Я൤һԼģǴӾӢġھӢʱִţһֱûóԷ൤浽ڡ
˾ѷϣʱһ൤ˡ
ϳ˳ȡһ൤ŵߣƾҪȥǰ·ͣ
ʵӦ˳ӦģͷͨαڷõҩҸϲԼͻƼޣøǿҵıġ÷൤Υҵıģ̸ξѷ࣬ǱۡҲһʼҾͲ÷÷൤൤ʺϱˣʺҡ
ϳ˴һ˷൤ʹ仯Ϊ˴ССƬķ൤Ϊֶһߣ
˳ӦĵΪ˾ѷĹؼ
ʧȥһ൤ȴѷһ
֪ҡ
ϳһ䣬˫ۣһγԾѣܿһ֮Ĳ״̬ɮ붨ϵ̥ǵľ޴仯
̶峺֣


463 
ϳԼ̶пһĵӰӰֳң˵ࡣ
˵òȻͬһߣһǴȱ࣬ƷôüĿһǡǡ෴һĹɷ
һһףȻͬμϳԸһ
ϳ˵ĴȱҲĺһ棬ûп׷һ˾ӣһΪƶƣҲΪɱɱ̵壬Ҳһŭڴɱ䣬ᱻġ
ˮеӰǴһ߶ѣϻر֮һμУͷλڼ򣬳ŭХ̬۸ȫצλ˫˫ŴӰһǶ۵ʴȣһϬޱȣɱ¾
ϳķ࣡
ϳˮеӰƽɣ̶̶֣еĵӰͬĶˮ棬ˮеӰһ
ԭõĵӰһ̻Ϊʵ壬̶ˮ
ϳȻȻĻԼʫţһһдգдİ˳ӦԼ⣬ʫ˳пǧƾףƳĺġ
쳾꣬ˮ֡ɱ˶ǱԸǣǱԨǧ컯ָ䡣ݺ²·̤ǵǷЦ죡
ϳʫţȻվķ仯̶еķӳյʵͼâһƾնһߣεļӰֳԶǿϢɢ֮ǰǿ̫࣬ŷ֮
һϳ׵׵̤ʥ𼶡һ֮زͬϣֻʥϲǹϵġǿߡʥ֮³ֻ֡
ͻƵʥˣú˷ܲŶԣֻʮƽ͸ԼұҲǰԼˡ
ϳͷּ׵ƣľ֣ңڸıڡ
ڵıǰһֳ죬һ͸ԭԼͺڿһδѵĺӡ
ǰ˲ɵ£²װ
ϳ΢΢һЦ̤ǰŶ˹ȥ
ͻ֮ĸ֪ܹ࣬оõ˪³Ǿ档ǰ˪³ǵĶֻ֣ѡܣھͲͬˣ
ɽ֮⡣
˪³ڰУһȻĵŶ˷籩ղԼԼڵϳڿʫţܵһɲͬѰǿϢдЩڵϳпͻƵʥ𼶣
⵽ô£ͻˣڹʹթ
˪³ǵɫ粻˳˼־֮ġ
һʥ𼶣˪³ǲϳͲͬˣǸһȵһͻƵʥ𼶣̫Σˣò
˪³˼뿪ͷζоΣգ
ɶ񣬲ܾŻסҲֻƣĵʥ𼶣ҲδҵĶ֡ҾһսߣÿԳûɱⳡ׷ɱֶΪ
˪³˼תǹĽվϷ硣
˪³ǣǻڵİ˴֮һݺεܱһ֮ܣҲ̫ˣȫܽܡ
ʱ仺š
˷籩ƶͻȻ嵽Ϸʹ˷籩γ΢ǣƣðȫࡣ
ಣ
һ˷籩ķɳȻͣסΪһԵȻӰǷ״̬µϳ
ϳͷߣۼף˫߹ѲΣԵɱٷХ죬绢Хɽ֡ǿѹܣ˼ѹ֡
˪³ǿϳģɫȻ䣬һȻͻƵʥ𼶣
ǵһ֤ͻƵʥ𼶵ˣҲͻƵʥ֮һҪɱˡϳ˹Ĵ򿪰ٱϻгһŮĦΣյɳɳ
ƣΪʥ𼶾Ӯң뿴֮ǰ׷ɱʱǱӣֽžͱҿ˲ʮΣ
ǲƣ֪ܿˡϳŮװ˳׼˪³ǣһ˶ϰɡ
Ȼţܲ˰ɣ˪³ʵ
Ȼᡣ
ܺãҾ·
˪³ǻһ𣬽뷨״̬ͷ˲Ʈİ׷˫Ŀð亮⣬Χ¶轵Ʈѩ˱ѩ硣賤ϳն˹ȥɢֲĺб;Ŀ֦ݺı衣
ת˲֮䣬佣նϳǰ
ϳͻƵʥ𼶣ʵӦٶȶߣ׾ٵϮһŷһնһ⣬һ֮ϣ긽һ㣬һ
ۣ
滮˪³սնϣѪӿ
˪³ǾһȻɫղһȻ֮죬֮ǿ޷ܣ
ˮת֮ǰ˪³նϳֵ֫ζˡ
ϳɫûΪսΪⶼԤ֮УڵʵޱȣѾ˪³Ƿˡ
һ󣬵ûаͣЪǼǰ˪³ǵĲն˹ȥŵѩߡ
һնı죬п
ͬΪնˮ׼ȴȻͬ
ϳǰնͺö۵壬ʮֵĳھͺжޱȣһٶȻø죬Ӳ˼飡
˪³Ŀźէ֣ƽǰæˣͬʱͷųһͷбȥԼ
ϳĵˮԿٵصķâ⣬·ķбһնϣΪ룬ż׷ɱ˪³ǣݣ˪³ǱƵһߡ
ŸոͻƵʥ𼶣ʵô֮ǿ
˪³־־壬ϳͻƵʥ֮ʵȫԤƣ
֪ϳǿӣ֮ˣŲɵϳģںҲˣֻӲͷƤ
˪³ΪټϻһֶͣλһЩġ
ѩǱ⣡
˪³ʣµĵֶǰһģǰһѩе¥ӰëѩƮɿ裬ǳضѩǣΪһϣ˰С
赲ϳûκγɣֱһն˹ȥѩӰһնϣʹ仯Ϊޡ
ھԵǰһжǸƣ
ϳĵ漸ûͣͣǰƶɱ˪³ǵǰ˪³ǾңһץסٶһֶΣɻͳһնԴʹ촦
˪³ͷɥ绪λ磬վϳĵ£˵ꡣ
𣬵
֮Уһص˪³ǵϣǰԶĹ鴦
ϳüͷ΢΢𣬲׽ײ״
ѵνֻת
ϳȻŰմ˹ȥжڤڤ֮еһǣ֮˪³ǵĲлޡ
뵱˪³˵ҪϳɢͷɢķԼ


464 
ͬʱ
ңԶĻڣѩѩɽ
ѩɽѩɽߵһѩɽ֮ϣȼһűĻ棬Ż˪³µģ֮аһʱ򣬿ͨѩɽʩȡһЩµĻ㱨
šѾȼ˰֮á
ѩɽѾϰŻĴڣʶΪŻһֱȼȥͺñÿ춼Ӷ̫
Ȼ޳ûʲô㲻ġ
ԭȼյĻͻȻ֮ήȥȱ͵ĵƻ𣬾ҵ˸¡
ڼ֮ʣγ˪³ǵģ캰ɱҵϡ
仰˵һ룬۵һϨˡ
˶ˣȻҲ֮ɢ
ɽһȺרŸտŻǵһϨˣȫһ
𡯾Ȼˣô£
ղ˵˾䡮ɱҵˡѵ
ܣ˪ʵε֮ǿһ˾ƥа˭ɱ
ô͡£
⡭Ƕ˵ϱţ
Ⱥһңһ¾ϢϱһĻһذϢŵ𶯡
һʮʮ٣ԽԽ㣬Ǿ䡰ɱҵϡĲ²顣
˪³ıɱˣͷ˵仰ζɱϣ
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üͷĸˣɵϳɱ˪³ǣȻǿ겻ţ˪³ǻһء
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һ˪³ǣջһϳǻġȸŮӣԼĽľһĵĲü֮ǰûеС

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ٵ˪³ǵĲл֮һץ׹ͷʬһץס뵽˴С
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ܲһϵȻ˷ҲӣȥҲûʲô塣
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ȸŮʶ˵ķ࣬ԴΪ˽⣬ϳۣжϳϳķ൱ףͷ޵ܺãһ
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ӣһʱûֻʱһˣʲôΣգԵδؾ֮ʱ


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ӳĵ纮գޱȣϳӰ磬ɲǼưף;Ӱ

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ϳСҪ󣬽ֱϸ˵һ飬ֱȷʵһһǿ
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ҪҪʵǿݱøߣ԰Ѿų⣬ʸ뾺Ĳ˶ѡ
սӭ޹߹սɻкܶѩɽۼ˱սΧһЩɽϣһñսķɣʶʶ·ǿߵ֮
սȻҪбʵһտƽԭ֮ϣɰɣͨ͸ž󷽵ĵ̡˭ܳΪѩɽһϵȨ
һΪڣˣһͻʮ磬ٶͻʮ˲ʸһڡڶǱ䣬֮ǰʤһϸ£Ӯҡ
սٹһҪٿˣڹϣԶͻȻ֮
Ǭҩ㴫̶ϷһԾΪۡԣЦ̤գУ


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˵жǶԵģͻȻֵȷʵǰ죬ͼһϮ£ϴŵȻı飬Զһ̤նÿ̤һŲǧף䡣
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һ·ƿߵ˱սϿգͷ˿ǰĿⷺһԱ⣬λΪ֮λ
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λþòҲմ֣λҵǰıսҪൣ캬Ц
˷׷׻Ӧܱ˴˶ǾߣϻǺܿԸ˺
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½һЩǰμӱսԽԽࡣ
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ʮмĵ·סյİֻ洳ɹͶȡǲеġ
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һߣҲڼٷУϳһҲѡ˵ٶв࣬Ǻԡ
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469 
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첻ʾҲͬʱ࣬òøΪ˰¸ֶƣȥƮݣ볾
յľӢӿףͬһʱ嵽˵ڶ磬˦˺棬˾롣
ڶǲ԰׺ѩ磬ǺĺХ֮¶ȼͣޱȣͺĵڷ裬Խ˺顣
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ٲֱѡ뿪ɳʮ磬еѡս㵱ɺѡߣҲҪʼա
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ϳѾٷɱ˶ţëһԣֻеһҴҹͣʲôۼ
еͨʮ磬е;
˶뿪ʮ֮һ֣Щ磬ͼЩһһţããػָƽ
̤̽գȺĿãһαԣȴ˷ֱϳ죬Ӯң֮вվսĳؾͶ˵ȿ˿ˣλڳط
˷Ӧһеʧеںеĸϳѡߵϲء
˷׷ȥֻʣѡԼ˻ԭء
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˶ΪھͿԷһ
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ϳһν뷨״̧̬󣬴߶ϵһݻ˲ݻЧݻͷųһĲľŹ⣬˿˿ƵϳУϳһ˫˸˸Ź⣡
ݻɱ޻ζɣΪũݡ
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ũ֮⣬һ±޵ʵҲ൱֮ǰҺʺϻ¯
һֻһ¯
ϳÿ
ũݸղͷųһǱѰǿӦЧϳʱĸӦߣֱӿ֮еսа

ζ˿Զˡ
սɣ
ϳȻֳ˫ս


470 ׶Կ
İͬǷ״̬˲ʵʱֶΣǵҩͳ
ҶǾӢӵһˣ޵һ޵ڶָ£Ӯ㣬Ҿǲ㣬Ҿٻʥսĥ£
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ϳ˫ؼлɫΪɿϵŮŻӵʩչˮī˰졣
Ů׹䣬ų貹âŻΪΡŮʺϵսıޣӦ׹´ࡣ
Ůһ˫צıճ˵ߣһΣ׹࣬չ˼սŮѸ٣ȫԸ׹ٶȣԽ֮㱻׵ҲⲻŮȵռϷ硣
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һһīڻ֮ϣͷųþҲԱ䵭ࡣ
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˷תİС
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λڹսⳡս磬ȻѲסλķۣǿԿ
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δأϾǴʥսɱģʥǿ֮ɱôܡ
Ǻη˵Ͷʮ꣬СС;ʵ
ٸһʱ䣬пܸЩǰ
޷ʱλͣ˾Ӻ󷽣רĳ𼶡Ϊȣְλֵһᡣ

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һǹŰǿףŲɹʵľ֮⣬ǽ߾ȫʽյһǹƻ飬Ϊ˲ƲķƬ
񱩵ľϯ˷֮ⶼܵ˳һЩѩɽ˴ģѩѩ糱֮
ϳܵĳвͷԶĳѪһȣֱš
ǹ
ϳ̾һͬʱʩչǿɱмӦԡ
һߣ
һֱصĺƾճ֣֮´صζŻζޣ֮ڣκζʣµΨš
ǰϳʩչһУֻһ߶ѣȴ˲֮ͬ
ѸţɢͺؼһڵԨȲӡ
һףʮףף
׵ĺɫԨϳ˫˫У˽˺ɫ磬˴ܹԷȴǡ
ԭ߱ġ桱
ΧĹս߿һ桰ǽȴϳ죬׷״ʧɫ
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Īǽ磿
ǺɫĶûκβûκϢȴ˸о¡
ޣǺɫĶޣƻޣһСֻһһߣôޣʵ̫ˡ
浽׷ʲô
֪
˵䣬ͼһѪĲӺɫԨз˳һ·ɳԶɽͣ˵ϡ
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471 
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ֱصԨպϣָ
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֤һе൱ףľŶԵֵ
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ҵʥսܷУϳ΢Ц˽
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һﾪˣԭҡڵ仰Ϊ֮Ķ
Щ˹Ȼ˪³ǣҲЩ˸ںԼǰ;ϵľһߣڳ˿λȻȥĻᣡ
֮ǰˣкܶ뿪ͷᶨ
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תͷѡ뿪ļʮˣŵһ˵֮ǰӦǵһ֤ǿǰЧ˵ĻҪİţûκιϵˣҲҵԲ
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ϳתͷٴµˣɫȻѡ£ǽҾԼˣǵĵˣҵ£ϵܼ򵥡˶ԴֻһԭǾͷйĸøʹ;ԷĲ٣йĸôͷôͷ
һ󻰣ҵ˵ǰ棬ЩŻΪ˪³ǱˣģΪ˪³Ǳ𣬶ʲô飬ұ֤ܡĺֻҪҵĽޣұ֤Ƕ²ʩԽ磬һڣ


472 ʯ
ͷһǼԦĵֶΡ
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ϳһϵе飬ųѩɽסԼλѩɽȶɵ

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473 䵹
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Ͼսһ˺ɵģΪ׵ʥǿߣĶҫ𼶣ֻҪĬȫԷӳԽʥ𼶵սѹϳһͷ֮С
սûУϳͰ׷ˡ
ϳʵףܽɱﵣټϵȺɽսһаȥһʮɽˡ
죬ϳ˾񣬱⣬ҪԷдһ¡ȻӦʣϳ˫˫˻ĽҰ⣬ڴ˼սһûڵأѽѷ֡
һεд裬ϳԵĽҪ߾ȫȡʤ˫ĲѾСˡ
⻹ϳûжܽĽϳѾǿоܽ磬ԼһĶֵܣ˭˭Ӯɾ˵׼ˡ
ϳԵ޹ʵ鷳ҶԷдȻ⡣
ڵʵֵܲȫˣϳɫʵ
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Ϊ˾һŮ
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𰸣΢΢һЦϲһŮ
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ֲܾŰææȷʵûƲôܰȥһŮҪǴȥڵ
ЩǴǣԲ鷳Լ£ͱΪѡ
Ȼ״ǴǣΪλҪ֪ʷǸŮߵ̫´ȥܲá
ƾʲôҪغ쳾µĴǴǣνǷǶԴܣȫǱ˶ģѵ˶µľͶǶԵģ飬ԼжϣΪԵľǶԵģΪľǴġԼΪҪƾʲôҪڱ˵»šϲǸŮҪȥô򵥣˿ߣôνҸںǧָһҪ
ϳƽ˵Լ뷨Ϊᶨƽ
Ȥ˵ĻţҲңȻҪ£ҾͲˡЦ
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죬ϳһУѩɽ˿ΪŰһҴ۷ʮɽʽӱ
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ʮɽ޹ϻԨڡ
һλڵصԨӰסһɿֲɷХƺɫϷת仯Լγһģ
ɷͬһ㣬ӵмǿڣѪɿݣͷ߽⣬ܴ
ɷײΰ룬ɱ֮⣬Чʴ˶ϻԨΪʥء
壬еɥڴˣҲеΪһǿߡ޹һ֮ڴ˵رչʮֱ֮꣬Ӻɨʮɽɾһҵһֽ޹
ϻԨһɽ֮ڡ
һŮõɷɫȹ΢΢½¶һĨ壬ȹڴüһߣ֡ɷ˿˿Ƶѩ׼ɾ޴ʹұ¶ʹ֮ɫϸü΢壬ҧ촽
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ֵ࣬ҽ⿪ӡ֮ص޹һߵǶǴ壬޹ȥ
̶֮־ڣ¶ɬ֮⡣
֮ԱӡΪߵ̫֪زԼĹ鴦ͬ㡣
ѩ鳲ȴֻҵ硣
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̶ɫ˳Ӧڱչʱͣڹȷذɡ
£ǧ֮ⲻðɣ֪Ĵܲܵõżҹ£ɱءֻҪ϶Һãҵͷұһ֮޹վסŸΪȷ֮ףʵǿټձȨ֤ܹϰӣĻá
ڹȷ̣νġͷʲôԶ


477 Ǳ
ںܾ֮ǰڹȷͿʼ̶ˣ̶ɫŮ֮ϳͣз⡣ǻŮ⣬
ڹȷ棬̶ʵȱȱֲԸԷԼˣһֱڷùڹȷΡ
ˣ˵̶һЩģҲ졣
ڹȷ棬һֱڿǣǿˣ𸴵ġ̶
ڹȷ򶴿ڿһЩøˣΪҲ֪ңԴʾѾȥһ࣬ѵһ໹벻£㿴ˣ֣ȻվһϣҾֻܵĵˣ
һȻûӦ㣬Ҳûܾ㣬׷ҵʤЩ۵ˣȫֱӾܾˣΨûоܾ㣬ɼҶ㻹һЩøеġղ˵ʵ̫˺ˡȻ뵱ҵĵˣǾ;ԸҰɡɱ˲źá̶װһԹСŮ˵̬
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ڶ׷УǾ̶һ
ڹȷ̬ȷһٰʮȵת䣬ЦɺҸղǶģôϲ㣬öԣ
ˣҸղҲǶģһںӣҲŲʲôøС̶
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⴦̶õĽ磬Сڹȷǿȥһֱǿǳ˺ˡ
һɫҪǿ̶ɽ̶ɤӸߺʹߣһǸɫɱˣ
⴦ڿɲҴġ
ѸǰǷǶ̶࣬ǹѸȴȹѸз磬ջ
չ֮غñҵĹ뷿ñڣҪһЩҵķšҪ㣬벽ҪĶңͱҪ󡣡̶ܡ
ͻˣǷǣԺᾡҪ󣬲ʵ㣬㲻ҽȥܲƼݳҼһ棿ڹȷɫĲ
ºԸĿأܳȥҪʵң˿Խ˼֮ɡ˼ˣ˿ͬң˿ŵģ֮
̶Ӷжһɫ˿ɢŵǷǡ
ʵ˿̶мʲô֮ֻ򷢺ڹȷġ
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ڹȷ治Ϊ̶֮Īܣӹ˿ʹһڡ
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ڹȷ뵽̶ұòģ˿ĵһƮƮȻ
˼䣬Ȼڹȷ˿߸˵뿪ˡΪԼ̶ĹϵֽһʵֻǶһ˿ѡ
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ңǷ͸ˣҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ˸ʵôʰЩɫ
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ʮɽ߽硣
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ϳ뵶վڴϣң޾ɽܵŨ
ĵ̣
ôãɵطˡǰԭƻ£Ƚʮɽ֮ҶжҸطŻҽһϳңʮɽͷҲص
һȥ᲻ΣգҪȻǶ˰ɡ߸ɴһж
أһжһ˵ĺô޹̶Ѩɱȥ˸͵͵ǱΪҴǹҪΪԷһʲôΣգҪˡǧգñһʱ
ģֻҪһ£ʮɽ壬Ҳɱ߽߳ظ
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ϳ֮ǰһЩ飬֪ϻԨһЩһϻԨ˭˵ģ˭ֲܡ
Ʊۣˡ
ϳǸðƻҲֻܷᱻԵͷʣ
һСҲ˵֮ǰµŭһ뿪֮ϳ˹;ĵɷɢգۼͳ嵽ϳĽǰ


478 ñط
ϳ峤ͷĿһ˫С۾˸ǻɫëһŵȷ磬ԭһֻ
Ӷ˫צצ֮۳һɫͷж
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ϳһצΪ֮е໴УʱƤǶϽֻۡҪϳԸ⣬ת˲ҪСûһô
䣬һ棬ͱƷˣҪɴжɴࡣ
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ϳ뵽֤Լİ취Ķе黭дһ֣Щ־ɽ֮ڣڰֳ綼ûܵס
ģ겻Сϰ䣬Уһʸй֮ѧҽɡ׫һ֮䣡
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ۡ
ʱ̶꣬ٴοЦ̿Ц˳ΪЦеĵùϳеһƴ
дЦ֤ȷʵϳǱ˼ð
ϳ㣡ôܵˣ̶ϲ
ιΪǿŮ޹ߡϳЦ
Ҫߣ

̶Ϊȣû뵽ϳû뵽ϳĿǴԼߡ
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·ͬСɣȽɡǴӳ顣̶任־Ŷڵ󷨽£⿪˽Ч
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֪ɺע⣬һͷҪ⴦ɫ԰ɽûһܳɹеˡ⻹ǵһܹҡڵĽɺɽ
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Χ嶼˶ݲ˺ģ˴˽нȴûһϵó
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ͬʱɽڡ
ϳ붴Уһۿվ̶˶һۣĿӣ˴˵Ŀһ


479 뿪
ϳŶ̶̶꣬һģһòұˣĻ񻣬ٲȻһȻɵ
ϳʶۼˣЩɫŮУ̶Ϊޡ
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Ϊңɷѿġ
ֻǼٰѣ㲻ʲôϳ赭д֮ǰĴȣȷʵ㲻ʲôΪ˾̶ŬʵֿͷһһࡣŬ֪²
ڵϢǿȵǿ̫ˣֱˡ̶ϳһζ
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ڵ㹻ʸˡ
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ҪĲȥǸ˭һ𣬸ϲһ𣬲ȥﶼԴϲһסĵطҲῪġϳ
˵ϲָ˭˭̶ϸüЦʵ
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̶һûϵϳĶͻȻӦʱԼ촽Ѿռסˣһֻ§סָ֫СԥҪҪʱһһεţʱӵľˣҲķˣԼ촽ռȡ
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ϳĿ̶һۣӲ
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УԽԽߣ;һ·ɱ䣬ɱһѪ·һ·ϳڳ֣û̶֣˵İԵȡ
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ʮӰվУΧĵɷסϳ˵ȥ·λĴˣȻ̶ĺҹ


480 С
ҹõµĻ㱨ᵽԣһʱ˹ĵʱ
ңңԣĿ죬ûа֮顣
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ϳˣǰǳԵʱعأǵʱƴǸҲҪһʱҾ;֮Ĺϵ򵥣üȥˡӹҪǴʵĶ²ʲôӦ
Ҳ£ҲûȤ£ҪǶԸʵķӦȤԼȥͨ籨ţһóġ
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СӲ̫˵̶̽ʡԺٳԲѷϳ̶磬һֻŵֻ̧һ籩Ĺ
ΧܵӰ죬ҵĲǧʱʱ֣һƪԶʥдµǧģƴ⾳Զ
ȷʵᣬҽѵѵɡ̶΢΢һЦ
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ҹӵĸɴ࣬գۼͷɳԶӵ;ĶϺȻϳСӣߵôһûѵء
ҹһæͷͷס޾ͷ֮С²νǿϳĵǰȻһ
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ƽʱҹ嶼ͷʱͷɢ¶⣬żʮ̶̵˿ѪۣǱһС
Сӣһ
ϳЦִݻʩչ񱩵ȭȭͷ֮һӰҹغ
һ죬ҹ嵹ɣһͷұǶ棬˸


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ϳתͷ˵Ⱥ˽ܵվߵľ̶ҵһ֪Ѿ޹˸ϵվߡ
ϳܶĴ٣ǽ̶壬ٱϽˡ
˻ϵһ𣬹ͬһƿȥҳһ޹
һֱɵʮɽıԵΧ
ϳоʱˣ̶һܽ磬ߡ
ʱȻأΪϵѹĻָٶȣĻˡ
ϳˣϲɫҧгݣ֮ǡ
С޹ˡϳЦ
Ů뿪ôãʲô̽
ڵ޹ɡģûдɱ䣬ֻ˳ɱһٲѣ޹û˵Ԫȥ֮󣬻ܼ
лŮ顣
ˣ̶ķݶϣһǧվĸףҪɱ㣬̶ңﶼ½١ҳ˵ǰ棬ֻһΣ²ΪԺüβʵʵĴ޹ȥĻ⡣ҪһӱΧȣҿ϶㡣ϳԾ档
ʮɽܱγһƽ⣬ǲ״ƽġ֤
ѾϣΪ֮ϳ˹ָͷ߰ƶŲƿ˶ơ
ָɣȴҷʵʵվԭλ̽ʵŮҵǸװŵĶ֮ûжô֪ܷ񡭡
Уϳҡͷ粦˹ģҵĺأǲỹġ
ЩѪʲôʱͺˣϳߵģ
ǾҲˣɶǹز൱޹С⣬һҲᡣ
ϳ̬ȲϹ黹Ҳûãֻܰʡ
ϳ̶Լһ뿪ܽ磬ص棬˫ʹ˸
ģһúչ̶ģ֤Ҫǧٱϳ̶˵
˿̶Ůɺ˸ˣͦ۹ģҲҪһ䣬ĽΪݣʲô³
Ͳθʷˣ㻹ȥ޹ɡ̶
ԸŮ֮ʵûʲôڣһĸ֮󣬸ǰ˲ͬķ
ƿԶȥǰңԶĻڡ
ϡ
۵һ䴬֮ڡ
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ӵˣĥһ˵黰һ߳ˮʵڳƵһܡ
ιҳһѡϳ̰ĵ
̶һѣƤ촽סȻϳСιʳУⴽഥ裬ڣоԡ
ϳĳȥĿ̶޼ɵʵһԵζѡ
̶ᣬܹݵҵѲԡ
Ҳ̰ģֻ
̰ģһ
ҷҪأ

̶ܷܷ֣סԼؿڣڵ̬ϳѾܶʱҲͲסǰѹ˹ȥ
ҡҷʻζһֵǧ
ϳԸԳİ̶Ůˣ
ⳡ˺ܾòͣ£ϳӵˣһ𣬸ŷͷ֮дϣһл
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֮ǰڶϻԨʱϳҪɱҹͻȻ¡֮ҹûӰˡʵûҪΪ׷ɱҹ֦ϳûΪҹģ̶ҲûⷽҪ
Ҳˣɱɱ޹ؽҪ뿪޹ӽԺҲûʲôϸˡ̶
ϳ̶һڣȻѪһʵˣΪʲôᱻӡĪаѧ棿㻹һֱûиء
²ףˡ
ǲ׵²˼˵˵ɡ
̶ֲϳֻþᣬϻ˵˳һеһУҪ׷ݵʮǰ


485 һԴ
ʮǰʱ̶Ѿ޹ո¶ͷˣʼΪһЩһΣǰȰ£һǰȣú档
Ϊ˷£̶ٰΪŮӣִڼ䣬ʶһ½ӡ
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̶½Ϊѣ̶νύһϷٰܼΪŮӵĸо
½Ȼϲ̶һһ¶˰⡣̶Ůˣסˣصصĺջˮ
һΣ̶ԼΪŮ˳½½һǳ½û˾ͷ̶̶һ
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ⲻɰޣɰɷ裬½Ĳֻ̬ռ̶Ϊ˴ﵽĿ꣬ϧһдۡ
̶ӡסˣεķӡ˰ʮֱ꣬ϳ˺顣
⿪ӡͬʱ̶ٵĪа½֮⣬ⳡԩʹ˽˾㡣
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ϳĬȻû˵ԼǵС˼
õӵϢһҪȥӼһģҲҪ˵ԷٶزأʵûҪΪǴεӵ

һֱϳʵһֱĴ
Ȼ뿪֮Ӵͷβͷ棬ԼݣƶϸĸƼĴƯĿġ
ȥ˺ܶطǰ̤ĹʵأҲдûȥµط뿪ʱһ飬ϳԼǳĴµţƽһԼõ˽٣һЩĥ¡
ѾǴε飬ԲصڣҪԶԶģѰһµĿʼȴȥܡ
죬ɽС·Уһ羰֮أǰ½½һЩһ
һʢɫ̬ǧ΢縡һƬƬ£γһĻꡣ
ĵطֽסһƬһ꣬ŵǰ˿һɻƮȥ
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Ȼף·Ȼͷ·Խһ硣
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ӳô󣬻ǵһοôɾӡ
ӳĵط볾ף϶Ƿ֮
˹ȥʩһʵʲôط
㿴ʲôطɾתͷӣĿͣ崺硣
ﵽ˵еԴ
˵ˣԴ
ôȡԴҲС
Դɲֹѣ֮أûзգûǳķ׷ţ֮䡣ֻ峺ҪԶ볾˲ԵˣںδߵԵˣ߱ĺҲҲ
ɾƽ˵ȴ൱ľˡ
ﾹȻ񻰴˵еԴ
ӱΪֻǡԴû뵽ѹǡ
Ƭִ͸⣬泹׸ȷʵ˵еԴһģһ˲š
Դ˭ѵɣʵ
ҲɣҲ̫࣬Ҿ൱Ĵ峤˶Ǵ񡣡ɾ˵
Ҹγƺ㣿
ҽ졣
֣ɫ䡣

ϳԦڷɻص˻ڡ
ϳû;ѩɽֱͣӷű̶һЩ㰲š
̶ΪʥڣһҪġΪһĳȻ׽һʥ
һ·ɵűϳ̶һǰ
ô飬ֻ
Ϊ˱鷳̶Ϣȥ졣
ǰϳϳ
ɡȸŮ
򿪡
ϳ̶˫˫Ժڣһ·լԺԺ
ȸŮڸһιʳתͷ˿ϳ̶˿͸̶ݣǱȸŮĻ۽𾦣һ۾Ϳ̶ǸŮǺŮ
ϳ鷳ı¸츳һߣôҰŮ쵽ǰҲֻˡȸŮԹ
ģ̶ѾͶ˹ϵϣһ棬Ժڻɳ롣ϳ
ƾʲôһŮڻɳ룿һɡȸŮƵ


486 
ҲѹȸŮ¶ãһȻɳȷʵǿѡ
ϳԤϵµѶȣû˿⣬ȻȸŮҪɣ͸ȸŮɣ
ûɵĽףֻòĳ롣
ɺܼ򵥣̶ҷǳҪܹȻмԺصΪųԱ˶̶ʥŽһΪŰǰһžͶһλǿֶ֣Ϊ֮⣬һ͸౦ΪлŴ׬һʡϳ˵Լɻ˵롣
壬ɵӰ̫ӣΥŹ棬Ĵ̫ˡȸŮ
Ź滹һ仰顣Ϊ׼һݺ嵥ĿŻġϳȡһ׼õ嵥첽ǰʸȸŮۿ
ȸŮӹ嵥˼ۣĿ΢΢һ
嵥֮һϡ䱦ͷһٻͼܹٻ𼶱޾β
ٻͼεϡ죬Ĳһһ󡣾ǻĳȻҲֻȼѡͿֱٻ𼶱ˣ˵ʵ
嵥кļҲȫǳֵٻͼ
ܹ۵֮ĵ֮
ܹһٷļʥ
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ЩǼֵǵıڳȻĪİȸŮɵΪ֮ȻĶǰЩȫֵѾʮˡ
ȸŮе嵥ϳΪһ壬ֵøôĴ𣿡
ֵáϳشĸɴ䡣
һԿܵĽףҿΪһΣŮ㣬ȣΥŵŹ棬õ͵һЩ̫ҡ
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ܻڵô룬Ƕˣ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
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ԵŮһ̨Ϸϳλ֪ѡһգһ磬뵽һϡ
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λŮһһʮĿ飬ǲϵȴЩ΢
ϳٿǸ֮սʱҪš
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һֱڵҹϳܰȻ˯˯ǰпϱҲпհϱ͹ܵˣҪٶ༸

ϳ̶ػ֮󣬹һûûӣÿ֮Ǹλۼ˶ĥӹ൱
ϳŮΪϢܿﴫˣԷ˶޷ֿϵ飬ϳʷָָ㡣
˵ĿۣϳǺںûȫ˶Է硣
֣ۣάϵеۣͬϳϣôۣкηֻҪľͺá
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棬ϳһЩĸıʿæѩɽԼңԶȫľάȶϳָ̫ĽֻҪȶչϰȫҵͿˡΪΣýȻ

һת۹ȥ˼֮á
ϳĺڽͷơã֮󣬱⡣
ϳҪίȥһ飬鷳ȥ飬Ȼ򵥡
ϵɽ»𺣣ϳЦʵ
ϵɽ»Ҳˡ
˵ɡѩɽ˼£þеƣҪҵҪŲҰ飬Ҷ׼ȥʥսתתˡ
֪˵ûУƴ½һȻ̨ˣֽˮڡˮڡƹŴƬĺռžŰٶ죬Ӫˮйص⡣ˮڡļλ˲֪αɱˮڡһţѳ˺ü·ȻûϷˡˮڡ̣ǻȻҲˣԼ⼸λǿһ棬зһ
˵ҪϳΡ


487 ˮ
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ͺñǻڣĳһļȫϵˣµİ˴ܻܿķѣһŻһҲ͸˱ĳȻɳ֮Щѳĵ̹Ϸһա
ˮھ̨ǿȫˣʣµҲû˭˶ҲӷѵĶˡ
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ϳǴ˶ģֶսǲִҲԾԾԣɱûʲôģҪˣǾˡ
ãԸΪЧͿԳһȥҵϱ̶еҲһȥϳɴӦ
̸ͳ˧ж˻ǰű˻Ͼˡ
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ұӧˣûдӦεΣطգëëԸʺϵͳ˧ɴСĵͳ˧ȽʺϡΣղˮڵ൳Ҳ̨ϵЩȻɱˮǿߵֻ֡ˮڵĵ࣬ǵǿ߿ɲǰ׸ģʵȫԸȸŮƥСֻЩǿ߶ɱ֤ʵǹȥ֮һҪֻ֣ⲻá
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ھˮ൱ңԶ֧龡ٶȺܿ죬Ǹ˺ܶ·ŵִˮڵĵ̡
Ҫһɲһ׵飬һϵе鷳ǰ


488 ǵ
ڵĶͣˮڵı߽磬һƬ󺣣޾ηֹȥˮһ·ʧ߾ͷһߣνһ֮ɫ
֮ɢŴСС죬Щˮڵĵ̣˵ǵ죬ʵÿһܴĵĹҪһȦ
챾޴ټϺˮǿߵҲҪЩʱܽЩ춼һ顣
ǰ⼸һ壬ϹͷŽھͲͬˣЩѾѳ˶С൱ӣ˵һ̶ˮ
̻˵עλǵˮˣҪΪӪһжҪҵİŵǲĪһУ̰ðмƻҪǽһЩɣ˾ְѩɽϳ
ڡϳӦǣԽڶ
ˮڰһЩˣˮЩӦûعˣˮڰ꣬϶֪ܶˮڵ飬ˮڶǿ߱ɱһ¡ǰȥѰЩˣǶȳһ˦֣һϳ
˵ˣЩ˾ϸ˵Ǽϸ
ϸ˵󲻴˵СҲСÿȻһЩⲻʲô¡ڻڸȻϸڲҲȻϸ˴˻͸һùĲġ
ϳӹҪҪˮշתأпΣգʺǿȥ졣
ģһЩͬŶȳ֤ǵİȫϳȥصԼۣ۶
ֱ̼ɽһ鰲ŵľЩžϳûϵˣϳֻҪ÷֮¼ɡ
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ϳվڴ״̶Ƿϵֲ࣬һʮֶѡϸˣ󾫲ֻܴ࣬볬Ȼ߲ϸдļֵ֮⣬ϻһͷţһ޸Ĺʫͨ·ľ
ˮԶܳһʱ䣬ŻϸһΣϸֿ˽ĺ棬ֻǴгʮϸְλסַȥЩطܷҵ˻Ǹδ֪
ϳһˮڵĵͼԼϵļأȷǰ·ߣžһص˹ȥ⴦صΪǵ
Ѱϸ¹ϳһЩ䣬˵ذϷƣذϷɽӴϸһٵݻ˺ܶꡣ
ϸһ߻ţҲ硣ϳп
ĲϸǱϸƭ˵ˡ̶
Ǹ磬ҾͱƭһΡ
ŮҲϲƭ˵ģ²±ƭ
˯һŴˣƭҲ̫ʧ˵㡣ϳЦ
̶Цϳٯٯޱȡ
һ·շУ൱ĿϸŻڵġ۷ɵ·;һЩ죬һϺȻɳӰ˰УͷųǿѹϢγľ档
ϳĿȥ⼸ϴŵƷһƴ½ϵĳȻƬطѾŵ˸ռˡ
һŵǿߺȵŵĵ̣˵Ƚֹıз򣡡
ϳ΢΢üͷϲֱвĸоӦǻڵˣֻǴ·ѣŷˡǵĴȥҾˮˮԴϲи㡣
У˵ŵĵ̣⿿
Цˮڵĵ̣ҲǸոհֶѣˣʲô硣Զ·ǻûʸ񣬱Ϊŵƾܻסˡ⣬Ҫ޼ɣĸԼʵǱš
󵨣Ʋţپһı䷽ԶƬ򣬷ǲ
ҵҪô
ϳӲԷԽвԽǲӣֱһԾԽ˲ưٶȣ嵽Ǽ˵Ľǰ⼸һ
ҹˣҺΣϳʵ
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˫˫ϳ˵ǻڵˣҾͲˣʲô˵ʲôˮڵļλڶʱȫɱˣ⵽˭ģûʲô
·ͬСɣǰЩʱϣҶ෽̽ûܴ̽ʲôϢֱ⼸һЩɿϢ½˳˵ˮڵԼλǿ߶һλˮڸվءϪɫ
ʲôվأȻ
ǴվǰûеģǰͻȻˮڸĺһЩˮڶ⴦طʮӣ˼ǿ߽ȥ̽飬ЩǿȫһȥءԴȥ̽飬һȥءЩǿߵȫɢˣ֤ȫ档Ǵվ浽ʲôҾͲˡôǿߣѾû˸ȥ̽Ǵվˣȥ˾
ϳ˸ϪĽ֮¶ζ֮ɫ
Щǿ̫ˣǼ٣
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ϳʣȴ޷ӸϪõ𰸣ԸϪʵ֪Щܡ
̸֮ϳǱϪǰȥտδ̶̶塣̶ܵ˲ᣬֻǱϿ˶ѣ˲ûпҪ
ڣϳ̶󣬽ڶԷıϣº͵ź֪Ľ
̶Ϊ壬Ľǿעڣů壬ʮֵá֮£̶ԼΪɹ۵ٶѸٿ
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ϳһ΢Цı𷢳׳¡
ܳʲô£
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ϳһЦһֻּһֻӵĲʵ

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ϳԭ̸н⣬֡Щϳֵˣȫˡ
һʮϳֻҵ˰˸ˣȫ֪٣Ҳ֪
ҵ˸ϸѾˣϳ˿д̽ˮǿ߱ɱЩ˵˵ͬС죬ᵽǴվأĵַС
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Ԩ鲻̸˵˵ж顣񣬽Ȼ󲿶ӻϣȻٸһİš߶ͣԺеæˡ
ҶǴվغܸȤ
ϳѻ˵꣬̾ȴϵȱǴվأڲ֮ǰ𿿽б䡣ֻҪҵİžˣ顣
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̸֮ϳ̵ָʾǰǴϵص㣬һ·ల£˳ִ
һ޴ĵ죬Ϊ޹ϵ֮ǰڴе˵˵ѾռˣΪ˻ڵĵ̣ΧһЩڵġ
ڲʳˮڼ䣬޹ϵΪڵĴӪԴΪݵչж
ϳ˾޹ϵ֮󣬼̣ϸ˶ԷȻ󵥵ֱʵһʲô
һҴȥոһǵĵ̣һѿеӲͷǵȥ˿飬ܴܲͿˡ̵
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ºһ۾Ͷסңұǵĵ졯̧ͷϳ΢΢һЦ
ĵ죬㻹˿̹Ȼټϳ
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ǺǣҸղ˵ˣֻҪӮңȻͶͶˣδҲֵ̫ǮһЩ΢΢һЦ
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׵ͶͶ֮󲢲̫ܵӡһЩǿߣ֤ԼʵͶ֮õӣȡߵĵλô
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˵СС;ܵϻڵȷʵҽͶҵľˮ㶷һ͡һ֣Χͬʱͷųһ£


494 
󷨣ҪһĬûĬһж̸
ʽ֣ȺߵĬ̶ȼɿǵˮ׼൱֮ߣһܹܳʱϰ
˵ͷųʵĹߣЩ߻һһƬ˴˲ҡ˲ʵߵͣһ𻺻˽µĵ棬һ·˿СУЩ˲ϵı任λãеǰеںеϣе£ռݵλÿƻңʵ򰵲
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˵ͬһǧҲδӮս󣬵һ˾ͲͬˡŻҵĺһȹȥ̽һ£ǳ֣ҡ
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ķӦҲ㹻죬ϳˣƶ󷨣鷳ѡ¡˳ȥȻ˾룬ˮΡЩˮλΪһϸ緢˿ˮ룬ϳȥܼưôꡣ
ֹϳв˫ŻϮˮ뻯⿪ͬʱ콫ˮɵ
˫չһս˴ѽѷ֡
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ĵֻʣɵʱϳѡ˰֣һ£˻صϡ
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㲻оͻˣ˲żüãʤˮˡЦƮƮȻ


495 
ʱ죬ʵеεɡ
ϳ΢΢üõиˣҲŻɱ˹Ը󷨣Ҳ´λ
ǵʱݣǾ仰ֻҪӮң齵Ц
¶и߶ȣθڵԣͲ¼ŭôþգδǴѡ񡣡
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һ
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޹ϵİ·ϣϳȡ˴̣Լս
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֣ϳüͷ֮ǰ˫йĦ̶е⣬ȻҲкøС
ϳ޷ܾˮȥ֮ܿ飬֤ʵ
ϳƺµʲôŵϳҪԴΪأЩ˽˶Թȷһߡδ̻ȥ֮һ뵽һϣҺúģԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬìܶûʲôôѾɱһλˣѲɻҪٶԵڶӣ
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ǺǣˣǲǱҵĻ̵ʹ뱻˼ͱ̣뱻˼ͱȢŮȻЩ£Ҫб˼ľǵ㣬ڱˣ֪ж٣
ˣ˶̴˭ûмҿ˵һﴫ÷з飬뵱һС檸ñӣһܼҹһӡ֪֮һ֮°Щ˶ɱˡұϲ˼ҵļҳҵģҴôˣҲûñӶˡ
ǿƳһо粨˭޷ȱҵһЩ۵㡣Ȼץסϳⲻţϳֻˡ
ñӣ˿֮ܵһ
鵱ﴫĺܹ㣬ǿѨ硣
ϳĻ֮󣬹Ȼûðɣ˫ɳѪ˿ҧгݵûҪȥַǵˣȰʰ˵
˭˭ɱһɱһϳȻ壬˫ƾҪѪƴ
ڹϣһλϵļ߸߾еĴ󺰵λĪ֣
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496 ͻ
ϳλԺΪδУڧʧ˳ЦλһʲôìܣԺٴ֮ԽˮΪءȰ˵
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ϳ룬ѻѹȥ˵ԼǣҾͲһʶˡ
ҲһʶࡣһߵЦ
˵ȥֻˣϳûֱӼԦ۷ˡ
˷ֵ𣬸߸ģ̽Ҳû˵ʲô
ϳղŵĲ׵Ժ˼·˲֮ϣʲôֵ÷ģʲô鲻ֵ÷ģֵĺ
ϳһ·Уص˾޹ϵ̵ټ˵һЩԴΪ֮ĻȰҪͻڴӦҪչΪɣ١֪֮ʣֻ٣֮󣬲ܷﵽĿ궼ء
ʱܽܣȻ׼٣ûΪϳ
ϳھ޹ϵϿʼչزһεıչزҪ̫ʱ䣬Ҫֻһţˡ
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ϳϥУԵʮƽ·޲ˮ档ոշһԼǰƵеУԺиͷײ˼ŸߵĵΡ
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ϳ֣뷨Գԣƾ߸һģ˸ڣһ
ЩҵķϣγһӵͼǼ׶ͣϳԴ֮
ӽҵҪ󣬵кܶ覴á
ϳűòǺ⣬ɢв̾ͺĥͨһδεĴĥϵ׷뼫¡

ʱˮϲת۰ȥ
޹ϵϷһȤ飬֮ǰ緢ʶӻˣɫʮֵһıܲµһ˰̣ûܻܾˮ飬Ų⸱ӡ
֮ǰЦϳ˰̣ȥһС
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֮ǰôεսѾﵽԼĿģԼ̧ĺܸˣӽ
̵ĵǲ֮£޹ϵϵıѸټᣬһЩܱߵҲ½
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ΪȻתȻ֮ͬΧ˸ţΧ˺ѿγڵޡ
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˫ҪЧһƿȻٶȣЧศɣ˾˵ٶȡ
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Ҳˮˣ

ǺǡϳЦһһоڲС
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侮ʯҶսȤҪǵȥһԡ
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ãô졣ϳԾԾԣ߶˫գۼʧǵ
׼󲿶ӵĽƻ䣬ǵ̫࣬ٶȲβ룬󲿶ӵٶעҪϳܶࡣڴ󲿶ӵִ֮ǰϳгʱʤ
УϳֱĿǰٷУҷһĽⳤߡ
һγ۸·ϳ˰ʱŵִǵλʮ֮һʱ͸ϵˡǵӳٶȣֱͣ¡
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ϳĿǵȵϳ̾ˮˣ죡˳ӭսɣ


497 һѩǰ
ףڰը죬ǵ
ϵıݿ˷յţ¶ӰΪ׵졣
̧ͷ˿ϳϳһЩ仯Ǳһ˫ɫ˫ͬ졣
׼˫ʲôΪĳַб΢΢һЦոս֣бҪٴһô
бҪϳ
Ȼֻд裬˺սܵζչ鲻ܡһȰ㻹ǷɡŸƣҪҳѸ˵ˣʶӵṆֻ̀Ҫ̸һῼǳġ
ˣ´˾Ǹ
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Ȼ㲻ȰֻٴһˡҪд㣬ɱҡװģҡҡͷһ֣󣡡
Χͬʱͷʰߣ˵㼯һΪһ壬Ϊ貵ĹâĴ£ͬʱ𣬷ɵ˰УΧƾոֳһεˮÿһˮж̺ͬһ㡣
Ÿոոϳ֣ϳĵϸΪһսʮþȣʮֵš󷨾ٿ󣬻Ϊһеӣι¡֮֮ǧ
ϳεʣ˫֣ƽڽڱǣ˫չϸһƶߣ˷״̬ڵӿΪĳף콫
ھˮ֮У͸󷨹۲ϳϹһ˿ЦаҾͻսˣٻϳһΣͿԸںú̸̸ˣȡڻڻһ߹ٵҪһЩʹ͡ҫ𼶵Ϊʥǿߣƴ½м˰쵽£
еǷԼ˵İܻϳʵ
ϳˮͷһ߶󷨡
еӺǱԨйբ֮Ƴϳ˸ߴǧףϯͷ
ϳֱˣ˫𵽼£˫ų貵Ľ⡣˵һںϣһеһУֻΪһ֡ն
ϳԳԽٶȳǰľն˹ȥٶศɡ
ٶȿ壬Ȼǿ󣬾ͺƿնǣأȴܿž˵ٶɻصЧ
ϳٶȱʵķԾһܳԽһǧ׵ĺ޻ݺն˶֮ϡ
ϳĵͻƾˮ󣬽Ͳͬˣնľ޴ͺ񿳲йһ㣬ɵն˾ˮ󣬽һΪ
һնĿɲֹˮѣ˳նɱ󷨵Ĳߣһȥڷ
ʲôһɫ䣬ɴ۾Ųˣһ߾ʬӿѪȾӡ
ԼľˮΪţ󷨵ķ൱ǿģʥǿ߶Զ֮ǰٿλǿߣôεʤ̣µĲһûʵû뵽ϳһȻܽˮնƣһɱôˡ
̫ͻȻģһʱЩ֪롣
һ壬һ˶Ӱ죬οһôˡŲߵһȱڣڲˮҼһҵĻģ֮ǰȺΪԼûʲôΣգֻҪάס󷨾ˣھͲͬˣѪܵŵǣʹǳΪ˾֮һ¶˻֮ɫ
ϳһ֣дϲΪʵеˡǰˮԾͺñһƵڹǣһͱƵĴֽ
͸˺ѿڣϳԼӰ˫Ŀ΢΢һУĿ⺮⸡֡
ԷۣҪ۵ġ
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޴ҳգ͸֮ǰѿڣһն˾ˮ󣬵ĽΧ죬˹ȥ
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һҪѾˣʵ̫졣ֻһű˳ȥˮмٷӿ
ܴȻ߽⣬ӺȻ飬·䣬һٲеĲ䣬Ҳһˤȥ
֮ǰôǿߵľˮ󣬾Ƶˡ
ղűУΪ룬ܵشˮ沨˿ڴһʹ
ҾȻˣⲻܣҵľˮε֮ôǿߣôսܣʹ
ʹʵⶼģľˮˣܵó׵ס
ʧ޾⣬ڲ̰ᣬΪ̧һδƻڵǿߡþգͶͲ䵽³ˡ
ϡϳҸʰ·磬ԸͶڡġ
Щ˵̫ˡϳǵȻ˹
ڲ󷨣ܹʤǿڻڴô
ôҲǰ״ھһƷ˵ҩҲȲ
ΪʲôȲң
첻ϳĻʡ
ϳش𣬴Ȼˡ
ĲͻȻڵѣΪ˴ССƬɢ俪
ղһޱȣ֮ѽ峹飬ղ˵ֻڹӲдѣʵѾˡ
֮ǰҰ룬ȫɢ
ϳȥˮˣյ˷״̬һ죬ɹһѩǰܣƵ˾ˮ󣬻ɱ졣
ԭ죬ڿʡˡ
ĲˮУеˣеˣеĴӴܣһƬҡ
ˣɱңֻǷ¶ѣһж죡
ֻҪһҿԸһܣ첼֮ôʵǿһ

ϵˮкܶġ
ϳͷ·Ĳ״Щ˵ȣȻ˷״̬ζûɱġ
Щĵû壬мᵽıϳȤ
첼ˮ׼ѰȷʵпæҪǵõսˡ
ϳȻĶһץͷųһצ뺣еĲкͳͳ
챾˶ˣϵıܱܲסǸδ֪
ϳһܿ㷢һĶһĺɫᣬ濴ͨȴס֮ǰĳ൱ã֤ͬһ㡣
ĪǼڲı
ϳץźɫᣬУ̽飬ȻżΪӵĹ죬һŨС̺һС㣬ںɫ֮Σҵڡ
ӡӡѾܰˡ
ϳԼһĨӡĨȻԼӡһɰصıϢɢ


498 ˫аʥ
ϳͨϢϤЧ
ԭ˱ΪͬĽᡱЧǳܽ˵һܵĳƿأ
ֲ첼õľˮĬôߣܹͳˣԭǿšͬĽᡱ
ɱһ󷨣ֵǱѰҲ̫ࡣ
ʹͬĽһҪǰƣò벼˽һԤ棬óֱ߽вٿءҪֱӲٿرǲܵģЧûô졣
ôһջϳǸˣС̡
ҵսԺܴ˲֮ǰ˶ûĬֻһͬĽᣬҲΪĬⷢˣԴӲ벼ɵΪͳ˧⼸ǧвһ࣬սȻӣľˮ󣡡
ϳԽԽǼζ¼һʥǿ߶ܻܵս
ֻҫ𼶶ѣʵΪõ󷨣ܻʥǿߣʵǿЧ֪
ϳ̵ͬĽᣬΪСǰս˳̵ôû˻ʡ
ɢǵӵӣһš
ϳëԭǵѹһ̵һЩôҲûҵͬĽһЩͨͨĲѡЩȤ˼ȦˣɻصϣĬĬȴ󲿶ӵĵ

ͬʱͨǵİС
һ֧ڵĴ󲿶ںƺƵǰ˳ۣ˳ޣ̤˶С
󲿶ӵһվͬһϣйǵ顣
һ˵Ҳ֪սܷɹҪӮˣǾʡˡ
ָˣİɡҶǸˮĶ֣ο˰̣ȥһʧܣֻȡˡһ
֪ϳϵãû϶̸
ֹһ󲿶ڵִǵٶȡ
λǿվϣԶԶǵǵģƯһЩʬ壬ϳڿУȴҲӰ
һЩ˼µ˼ֶߡ
ϳߣ˹
̾ɲʵϳô£ѵ
ҸղѾƵ˾ˮ󣬻ɱ죬ǵѾΪ壬ռ졣ϳƽ
˫΢΢Ŵ󣬱Ϊ֮ݣΧ˷ӦǼңһһȡ
ˮѾսļ飬λǿ߶֮£ϳҲսܹҾ췢顣ϳ˵Լ˾ˮȻȡ
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Աߵɫ쳣ѿղŻ˵ϳӮպ෴ϳȻӮˡܸˮϳܹܾˮ֤ʵѾԽ
ּϵ֤ܴͬˡ
̵ͷ޵ͻʵǿ˲٣ˮܻܣϲɺءǿߣûɱҲɱˣȱһһս˴󹦣һص֮ͳһ۹͡
лϳ
ˮѾûˣǵҲֿںɵռ죬˻ڵĴ죬һء
ϳ޷ܵĵˣһЩĽᣬڴ󲿶ռǵڼ䣬һֱܿϳԸϳ档
ϳ˸ᣬͬĽύ˵ƹԱá
Ҫǰսûȥ󷨣ֻܵȵս㡣

ռǵ֮󣬻ڲûͣ½Ĳʳˮڵĸ̣ͺƴͼһһЩսγһƬ
ϳڵȷ棬սºպսͻ֮ʵʥж֣ս
ǿ֮Уۼսߵͣϳףûһ֮ȼ硣̸ִ֣Բսµսϳࡣ
սҪѪˡ
ϳս˫մȾѪ˶Ϊĵ꣬һδεսԼͷӮһš
еԷģе˷ģϳںߡ
˸ϳȡһĸ֣Ϊ˫аʥ
ϳֳ˫սսϵıаʱ飬ʱ׽͸ǲŻȡôһеšķ״̬£ϴƶߣ˫Ҳ˫аʥǺϡ
ţϳ˵ϲƺʱ̹Ȼܡ
ֽ׶Σ˫аʥֻˮƬʢٹãűᴫϱƯһ½ȥ


499 
һƬλˮھڵĺ
Ӱƿնٶȿ˲ƣһϳһ̡˶ȫƶٶͷ
ϳٶأܼ٣Ѿٶˣ˵ٶȸС
ǰʮؾǴ֮ۡˣΪ˰ȫͣ°ɡͻȻ
ϳٶȣͣ˫£
̸ղᵽġ֮ۡǴɱڶˮǿߵվء
ȻĲʳˮڵĵѾϷֵĲƬϴƣµľ档ʣµѾ൱ˣڽĲһٷŻ˽β
֮ϳŵ⴦֮ۡϣĿһۡ
֮أһۣεˮһǰˣϳԸ񣬾ڴˡ
ո˵ϳٶȱھ£֮Ǹ˵ͻʲô޴ΣգҲ롣
οֻ￴ѣС
֮۸ȤĿɲֹϳȻڴ˵ضȤҲʮ־裬֮۵Ķ
ΧĺƯһҵĴֻͬĴֻƮŲͬġЩߴʵƽƽҲᱻ£ǶڴûʲôӰ죬Ȼڱ𴦶ĺףȴల£˴˾ˮˮ
֮ںףһǱȥɡ濴ĸһЩָָ
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˫˫ǱԽǱԽ
װӿϢŴĺϳȥһЩʰ쵣̬죬ΪĿ
Ǳ;ϳȻоΧһĲ
žϳжҲ֮ߣܹĸܵΧ仯Χ죬ܵһƣһƬˮķסˡ
ֶһƬˮι̶
⡣ϳü
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оһ²֪ϳƮƹȥƹһʼƽƬˮ֮е⡣һӣѱֳΪһ岻ķġ
Щеʮ룬ͺһ֣Ȼеķľô롣
ϳüǰһģһ²Īĳְţ
̴չۿ˿⴮ģͷȷʵпǰţЩǿ߻磬ĽУγɸʽİš֪ƽ֮ѽవš
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ܣͬİвͬĽʽҿɲó¡
ȻƽⲻǾˣҲĳһȻڰ磬ûϵ
ϳһ֣˷ӡ
ηܵӰ죬Ҳղƶٴ͵֮ǰԤصˡ
룬ζ֮֮λںһϢͲӦ͵Ѳɸղΰ֮йأ
ڴ֮۵⣬˵֮洫ѶϳҲ˴󵨵Ĳ²⡣
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׷ǲˣֻܵ֮۸ջ񡣡
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ղŵ֣ⷢ˵󲻴˵СҲСϳһֲԤСֻǿ߲ܸı䲢շŵ˭϶һˡ
һ·Ǳ뺣ףӽۣ֮ƾ˵Ѿֱ͸ڰĺˮ֮ˡ
һλںɽʯϵѷ죬ѷ쳤ԼףңɢĹۣ޷͸Ĺ⣬浽ʲô
ԶԶȥѷظУҲ֪浽ʲô
ҷŸȥ̽̽·ϳ˲ԸȥðգͲͬˣҲûʲôϵ
ûõģһб˺ǰԹˣܶ˶ѸַɽȥҪһ̽Щȫһ⣬Ÿսȥͱĳٵˣʲô̵
кηϳ²ͷһһһģһְ͸״Ʈȴ̺źǿľ
һԶ֮ۡ
ϳٿܹܵԷһУһ·忪ˮִ֮۽ǰһд˵ĸо⣬ϳǰδ
۲˼ۣһԾ֮ۡ
ϳΪԼȥ֮̽һЩû뵽Ÿոմ֮۷Ĺâͱٵˣһ޿ɵֵ飡
٣ϳܵһЩӰ죬ͷʹ
Ȼҵ˲ͱˡϳü
޻߿ܽȥҲһȥ˾ͻᱻٵ̵
ѹˮڵǿô඼档
⴦վȻڲų֣Σճ̶ȴеվǰéȻ䶼롣̽յķգѾղˡ
ۼʶ⴦ۣ֮ѾˣǷ֮ز˾߰ɡ
ֹŹأԶԶһҲ͹ˡ̵ͷתҪ뿪
ڹϣϳͻȻָоһղǵʮֵơӦݣתͷ򲨶ֲ֮Ǵ֮дġһץһƬһطֳղŷֵİżΪƣֻݲͬ
ڶţǴ֮зɳİţ
ʵڲС
ϳתͷߵ̣˶һۣжž֮ɫ
֮ǰ˴ð֮磬û뵽ôͱ֤ʵˣν֤ɽ
̴֪񣬾ȻܹػصţҶûи֪
ⲻص㣬صڰŵĺ֮۵ܣܴţ֤һˣ磬˭˭ϳʵ
˵ˡ
ҪôƽⰵţŪװŵ˼Ҫôµİų֣׷ٰ˳ϡ
ַ԰ɡ⴦֮۹ϵشбҪȻ֮вˮڣвĳȻòѸղŵİӡҴȥⷽʿƽ⣬ﶢңܲܵȵµİų֡Ƿͷ£мǶСġ
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ϳıƾģղһģһ˿ķһ֮У̡
̴뿪ϳһ
ϳԭãµİų֣һȾǺܾáֱȥҲûµİŵ
Ǳ뺣ףǿ߹æϳϵһ
ôƽ𣿡ϳʵ


500 ˮ
ûƽ⡣ҡҡͷҰѰŴؾ޹ϵҺܶƽ⣬ûһƽѾ˰Ѱͻػˣϣиܹƽɹ
Ҳûʲôչ˰Ҳûµİų֡ϳ
֮ǰܲ׽ڽңҲѾ˰ĺ֡
пѾݾˣüȣ׷
أһġ
⼸λǿһŸ߶ȵľ裬֪Χȫע״̬ģŲСģ˭˾ͻصϢпء
ݲĺȷʵˣ˿ȺܾҲûܵȵµİų֡
ϳѳӶˣǰΰų֣̫죬ֱӷס˰ŵƶȻɹ׽˰ŵݣȴʧȥ׷ٰŵĻᡣ֪ˣͲȥץڶţǸøȥ
ˣҲˣֻܵȴһλᡣ

ص֮ڡ
ΧתƷķ籩ܾˡ
Ӱ籩ģÿһӰʥǷ֮ɱڶǿߵվأȴܴ̩֮Ȼ
ʱڽнõľȻͨõԣһķԡ
ϵǿԽԽСˣ˵ңһԶ
⴦ôѾˣʱ
ˮڣһζ˭֣
ѡ˭ԣǼʵκһȻ
ǱϾֻǡǡĽӴ̫٣˾͸ûʲô𣬾ʥҲǷûȡ
Ҫ̫СǣʵҲ̫ˣֻͼ֮
ѪծѪһ죬ҪٵеĳȻϵ˶Ϊū
ڽжǱֳǿҵĺ⡣
һ⡣
ǷȥϢػˣٶⷢϢĻܻܿᱻػ񣬶ʱڲٸϵˡ
İɡĵʵǲµģΪģ粻Ҳûϵ
ܹػǵСӵǲ͡
ǻڵˣʰڵʱһҪɱˡ
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ս֮ȻһֱˮܱߵشĳȻһЩھԶһûܲС
ҪͨսֶȥˮȻ϶Ҫ޴ĴۣпȻȫս
ȻԵ⣬εֲ볹˺͵òʧˣԽ֮䶼зִ磬һĿơ
ͺñȺǳ⣬ΪһͷѪȴûзֳʤǿ⻹úõİڵϡ
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ȷʵףǰչĳȻƴ½ȫкܶңԶĳȻ޳ĪսЩʥսʥǿߣҲкܶ಻·ǿƼһãȡʤ͸ˡ̵
ܵǿ֮һȫԸȣԼ޾ԵİӮ
㾡˾ͺá
ʱܽȣûʱ䵢飬̵һţһؾ޹ϵǰˮ
ˮλڶൺĴҹеµ̬ںϡռ֮㣬ҪȦ
ڵĶƺƵˮڰͣ
ȥˮϿտյһӰܵϵĽܶ࣬ȴһ֮СһʵĽ磬縲ǷΧ󣬽츲ڡ
Ǿ磬һ˵ǵͻᷢ
Ȼ֮ǰйЭھӮ֮ǰκ˶ܵϲ⴦磬ֹ˵ǵ
ǵ޵ϵĲˮҳһˡ
ЭӮҴкôܹ֤󻯣Ϳ˭Ӯˡ
ڵĶڰߵһϰӪկȴʽٿĳȻһͬĦȭơ

˳Ȼ֮⣬һҲڰйעⳡ
֮ǰ
ˮӿһۿӰ֪֮С֮ۺεΣգȴɽûܵκι


501 һ
֮С
ǵεӰ˺Х񳱣һ·˲ڴ˵صˡΣ¶ݣϴŽװƤīһġ
ģˣΣ֮еһʵ
ոսĺӴ˸ЩȻһռˮòɿȡ˸Ȼͬ⡣ЩȻɳһ˲μӱ䣬ѱڶ־ʤʽҲ̫󣬶ǲʲôϢ
ָˮնʹǵĳȻɱһһСģ̹̣ȴϳ˺
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ҵαǸһ˵ĺûᣬ֮ЩȻǿ߿϶һãһ֣Щ˶ɱˣ϶ЩȻԪһĿ¶׹
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503 
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ۣ⡣֮ǰļսйս߱ɱϳûɱȷʵ顣
ڹŹǰתһȦð亹һϳңңһȭʵҸʰ·磬ԺҸµ鷳ţڱһЩ飬ԺԻƽദ
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504 
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һܽ类ˣڶ֮ǰϳԴŸĸг

ϳһ߶ܽԼһܽ硣һƬС
գҿ˿ѵǶ磿
ҵһѣͻȻֵ̫ǿһ㡣
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505 
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Ҹղһһʮ˸ˣǵĹ˾ʮһˣʣµȴʧˡ
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ɵľѧ̫Ź⡢̫ŲƵȵȶռ֮йأڽռߣ֮
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⼸ʮԲͬĳȻϳȣںܿѾҷˡ
ϳһģһץе΢
ҴǿǸмϳĶ飬׷л
ϳղŶҴǴ磬ллˡ
˫аʥлȣǷһ
ݴ½ĳ˼ˡ
Ҳϳ˵֮ǰǳ䱻;ϣ֮ʱѾռϷ磬ټովôˣӦʤˮǻڵˣ


506 ʥս
˵ûκ顣
ϳڽҲ̫ˣϾղųôķ粨ôǿߣⳡ粨ȣˮԵûôҪˡ
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ȸŮһİţս۹ͣϳڵңˮ͸ϳΪϵĵ޵ĲһУһС
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൳شĵڶȻʣĳȻΣ
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ϳӦǰȥݼȸŮкѯʶԷټԼԭ
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뵱ܽУϳɱһԳǵˣ˱ǳĶӡϳһΪţȭ׵ĻӡҲŹϵ
ܴʥǿȴ࣬ϳйص飬Ҳ㲻ϳ档
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ʥսиĵĹأʥսìֻܴܲʥսڲѧʥսɱǵˣҲȥѧˣỵ˹ءȸŮ
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ʱ˿̣йʥսһЩ顣
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ʥսŶദսһΪĸȼӸߵԴΪұ׼սġ֮ãҲΪҡҼսġ֮ҪһЩԴơʵҼս߳ƣֻм׼սܸв
ĸȼս
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Ҫ֮㵽𼶣ͻȻð൳вͻƵ𼶣ܾİ
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ÿһֵ֮ǣҴ󲿷ֶһԵģʧˣû취ƣҲû취ԴԷǳ
ֻʥսܵõ֮ڱĵطҲġ
ϳȸŮ˵һЩǰ֪ܣԼʥս˸Ϊ͸˽⣬ɵøпڶ죬Ҳڶˡ

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ܿ촫Ӧһӵϳû뵽ͻȻǶʥսߵһƬɽУɣָ
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ַһ·ϳԼоһЩǿߵϢʮңԶҲ֪һˡ
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ϳڵػĴ½ǿߣ϶ҪӼСĵġ
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ͬŵͷųһźţʾ˲֮һȺɽгڰлΪ˻ڵĻռͼ
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˫ʵ⣬ȻνĹƽһѾˣʶ̧٣۾ӳ


509 Ǯ
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ϳĵնڽ֮ϣȻײ˽֮ƿһѺۡ˵һն˽ˣȴҲ˷Żٶȡ
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510 Ͼɱ
ϳһ꣬Ѿοڶĸ߼ѧɱУȡΪնһУžԵġ
űһɳŽ˹ȥգµںۣ;һУֻ¾Եޡűȫ磬ٶȷױȡ
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űâһ翳йһ㣬·ıͳͳնɱɴ䡣ɱޣűƲɲǼ乥һϽˣɱΪƬ
ÿµĵӣ
⣬ǿߣ
ʣŵɢӣһΪϳǿߣʵϳ𼶻ܶࡣ
ҪٶȵģЩ˵ٶûһȵùϳһӲ
ϳ׷ɱȥһͨйϣЩͳͳɱˣûһڡһ˵ö
Щ˵ĴȻҲͳͳϳֵҪҪһЩ
ⳡѪսĻϳɱе˶գ
۷˶ɵˣҲ̫ˣȻһɱеˣ
֮ǰսʱ۷˼һ𶼱ѹסˣϳһ˾ȡʤʵ̫󣬼ֱ졣ѹ֮ǰи˻ϳǿߣ־޴ʵ࣬ȷʵһǿߵĴ
ϳ黭űΪһ壬ŻΪۻصָϣոɾ֮ǰĵָ˲١
ɱˣϳһʵھˣսջһЩҲȫֲ
ϳɵ۷˽ǰʵû˰ɣ
˵Сˣû󰭵ġ۷ҡҡͷŸпϳû뵽ڵʵȻǿɱôʥǿߣ˹Ŀ࿴
˵ˣɱһҲɡ
ղŵĵʲô֣
ն
û˵
Դĵûܴã㵱Ȼû˵ϳЦ
ŵԴģǾ͸ˡ۷̾
Ҳ̾ѣϳͶأۼʶϳԼնǷĵġ
ϳһжö۷ʵЩδã
ǻôģɱģȻͳͳУǾ޶۷
⼸˷׷ӦǣϿ
ִ÷ʽϳûзϻö
ʥսÿ춼ᷢսʥǿϡƽϳɱôʥǿߣ˾˵սģҲ˸ĳޣԼԦիҪǵ֪ոյ飬ܻܿ
ϳԩԩ౨ѾϰΪǺܵģЩ׵Ժ󣬴ص֮ǰסһɽһ
֮Գʱ䱣棬õ֮Ҫá
ɽڡ
ϳڵأһöӲӵȥЧһע뵽ϳ֮Уͺƾնһμ䣬һµ֪ʶ
̺󣬾ͺһڼƵľ޴ƴͼö̺ıƴͼһСС䡣
ȷʵ棬Ȼֱ˵ѹôǿʥսɱᡣ
ϳʳ֪ζͷ
¸ղһöõ棬൱Լµһ£
һöɾϸϸƷζһ͸µĸ󽫵ڶöգ


511 ԩԩ౨
ϳԵеڶǳƴͼƴյĸһЩ
ֻǴӱսն֮ѣЧѾ˿ɹۣ׼Ҽսϵ֮϶Ч
˵׼սϵֱܹ֮ӴʥͻƵ𼶣
Чʥǿ߶ž޴ջÿһμ׼սѪȷ磬ڼ׼սٻῪܶſһΡ
ÿһμ׼սһλ𼶣Ҳᵼ´ʥνһǿݡ
ϳԭվ
۷Ц߹ʵоΣ
ջСϳ
ѾֹսĵطҪܾòŻһսѾûˣȥĵطѰսɡ·˳̽һ³ܲҵ
һ߰ɡ
뿪⴦ɽǰȥѰһսͬʱ;̽Ϣ
ϳͬһʥսϴ½½һЩսÿսᣬսʤްܼ˲֮Ҳɱ˲ʥǿߣʥսһЩãػĴ½ǿ߶֪˼ּɵ
ϳڼһҼսαսʮεĶս
Ҽս֮ǡȻͬһƣЧȴֻ࣬ӷȸһ൱ڲһá
ҼսĹսȻͬ֮ǰսͶʮҪʮͳͳ֣ӮһҪڶ˽֡
ϳһսһߴ̽Ϣ̽ˣһЩ˵Ŀе֪֮ǰʥսشûĸ˹ȥΪ˾ִѡ˹ǰ۷˷˿
ϳһ·ȫǰԽʥսֻ˺̵ܶʱ㵽ʥսߣΪ˱ݾߣɵ֮ٶȣΪǰͬʱϢѹƵ͡
ĴѰҳ磬ÿǿϢͻȥ̽һ¡
첻ˣһѰңϳһƬдеҵ˳磡
ʱ˿̣ڸһȺ˻һԶֻҰζյ硣Щһ߳ԳԺȺȣһ죬ʱѧʱⶫ
ϳԶԶԶĶȺˣûмųȥ͵͵Ⱥ˵̸
ȺЩֱ˵ģûôطֱӾţᵽϳ֡
˵ʥս˸˫аʥļһʵǿַǳݣѪϴ˺üս
˫аʥıϳǻڵˣ˵ӰӦе㱾¡
磬֮ǰɱ˻ڵˣҪϳпܴǶһɡ
˵֮˳硣
Щͣ˵òߵ޽ǻɫģһ˫۾ǳʱɵġ
ûʲôµģʥսɱˣɱˡҪҵ鷳һ֮ءǿߣһɵ֣ʥ𼶾ڣȫʤҵĲʮָ֮Щоϳߵ
ǣʵǸϳֻǸQСѣб»ܷ첻ɣ
һϳѣСһô˻ɡ
Ҫϳòų֣Ǿܰϳʰˣǳ˲¹ͷĵط
Ⱥ⼸˷׷׸ͣûϳ
˶ڣÿһʥǿߣԲͬһǿˣȻѱ˷СѾʥսкܾˣ˲֮Ҳɱ˲ˣϳ
ϳⷬԻУֺֺЦԷȻڱǡñײˣǸɺϡ
ϳֻйһˣ˵ƹ£ȴȺˣٶȣΣҲȫˡ
ȻôңҾǵԸ
ϳ˫Ŀ΢У˶ϢѹƣϢö֮ıǱԨХֱ
ͻȻֵϢһӾ˳ˣЩ˷׷˾裬Ťͷϳ
˭
ǸСӡ
ηʥ
Щ˷׷׺ʡ
ϳ̤ʵأһ˹ȥĿ˳ϣǸղᵽ˫аʥϳ棬ǶôȤұˣǲǸеʲôʾ
ϳ
͵˵Ļ
Ⱥ˳Ծ
ôҲѣ㲻͵̸Ҳûʲô͵ļֵǻĵ°ɡ磬ɱ˰죬ǻڵˣһЩ飬ʥսһԭΪ𡣡ϳ
ߣʥսɱ˵ս˺ѵÿȻ˱ɱˣҪ𣿡ߵ
ûɱ˵ĵطֻһɱɣ׿ɣһɱ㡣ʥսʥսͱ
ǺǣƾһˣҲɱңɱ֮ǰЩֵǴ𲻴Ӧ
ЦָָߵʮˣЩ˹ϵ˴˻ﻥ̬һͷųս⣬һȺǣݺݵĿϳ
˶ŻסңһˣҸǶڿ֮ǰһһЩҪ㡣ϳɨЩһȦ
㻹Ҫʲôʵ
뵱һ˳ΪӡΪ˱Ӧļˡ㣬˵ļˣ
ϳ¿һϻˣָĻӡΪţȭףõӡʱŵҪţȭ׾ȳˣһֱӵڡ
Ȼʱȥ˺ܾãȻŵλᣬðҲˣ̽һ
⣬ɫ£ͫΪ֮һô֪飿
һΪţȭ׵ĻӡҵУҴġϳ
ӡôϣҵĶӣѲϣ
Ȼشҵ⣬ٻش⡣
ţȭ׶ʧˣһļиƨãļͱɱˣһش⣬Ÿشҵˣ
ĶӵҵϣŮӣҳ־ˣɱˡ
ϳԭҵıӳԳϣڿҪұ𣬻㱨𻹲࣡
ܵɥ֮ʹŭ𼱳ͷɺ˫ۣҲͲסϳ˹ȥ˷״̬۱ñȶҪɫڣһ֮ע˳֮ϣǰ̳֮Хһɺڷ硣
֮һɻ֮;ӴһлֲήȥʯͷΪ˷ɳ
ľɱȫͬϷûκθоԼĶˣŻܵŭޱȡ
ϳͬ˷״̬ſһԽɫ˫Ƶķë˸ʡ
гҸҲг𣬽һ˶ϰɣϳһֳ˫ӭ˳磬ӵǰĺڷնһ·


512 ѩ
ϳһƿڷ磬δĽɫ˫ҷһ貽⣬ٶȴ߷¡ɲ֮䣬嵽˳ǰӵնȥƼ򵥵ʽȴ̺ء
պգǷ֮ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʷӦתתг֮תΪһһ׵̫ͼӲϳһ
ն̫֮ϣ֮ţ뺣Ϣ
ҶŭһͻȻıʽһϳԴϷһĹӰ˴ݻһе֮
ϳܣһӱ˾롣
ѹɱ죬ʵȷʵǿϳ֮ǰɱĽҪʤһټΧڶǿ߰æһսһսԴΪӪ
һգ׷ϳͬʱֵǸһϣ
Χס
ô˶Ըһɱ̫ˣ
ʮǿ߸űϳЩ˺ǰͽˣೡս൱Ĭжȣ˾ְγΧȦϳΧġ
ϳǵ˿壬ճƶڶĹдôǿһսΧ˾޴ƻľһرѿ
⵽˵ΧϳȻıܿһδι
ٶȺÿ죡
ȻǵĹܿˣÿٶȣ
磬취Ը
ý罫棡޴ɶ㣬ٿҲǰ״
Բߣı˽ʽǣסϳ˺ý硣ڶǿߵһγһҲҵù
ɭ޵
ùѸΪ֮ϳУʼСγһ֮Լ޴ѹ
ϳֻһһɽѹԼϣٶԷŻ࣬ɲʲôͷ
Σͷϳϣʩչһʽ
Դ̤ʥսսջ֮֮ߣջתΪʽΪ⣡
רƽȻƽ⣬ʹ仯Ϊɢҵķġ
ȻҲҪˮ׼ߵͣǿϳˮ׼ƽⲻˡʥڣǿƽ
ϳƳһ˫֣˫սӡɲǼ任ƣΪſ˫ƣϷɭ޵ȥ
һͺԿ״ͷƽɭ޵ɣʹȻѿһ޴Ļڡ
Чû׷ô˼
ϳƷһɳ죬ɵ˸߿Сڹͣټƽʽνǹؼ汸
ô˺ʩչɭ޵ûסϳ˴һ
ôܳģ
鷳ˡ
λѰʽɱҿǴսɡһȥɱ
ȺµĲԣһΧγɰΧȦڳ³ϳҪսȡʤ
ЩԶʽǳʵϻսʥǿߴսǷǳֲģܽʮעһ֮ϣƻױȡ
ϳ⵽Χڶ಻ףΣգҲ˻ᡣ
ľϳ˫ĿһݣΪֱۣһ˫ֱۣʮһֱۡű֮ɾŸָסһֳʮһ
ɱ
ϳ·Ϊս޲ʤĶޣʮһȶ˫ƶӵڶǿߵĽһ·ɱ˳ǰʮһӲͬĽǶͬʱ˹ȥһпνϳǿĹơ
縴УǿвܣֱӲɱ˳ճǰ֮㳲ͷۣ֮Ϊʥ⣬֮ӿƵԨ֮
䣡
ʮһչǿǿԾ
һӲӲͿ˭ı¸ʤһûаͶȡɵء
ϳĵ֮ƿʮһʮľֻʣһһᴩ˳ţ
ۣ
Դе궼һɢʧȥͶ̥תĻᣡ
ϳСʤһûȫֿס֮Ϯ屬ըΪİ׹˽ϳϳˣѪⱻ֮ʴҿ֮壬಻ŵֿס֮˺Ҫǻͨˣͱˡ
ۿų类ɱɵȺ𶯣ڶ࣬ռžԵƣ֮£ϳȻɱ磡ʵڲ˼飡
ϳʮһתݺݵĵʣˣҪľܷ
һȣȺۣһʱ侹Ȼûһ˸ǰϳ֣γ˽֡
һѧɫòͻȻϳιΪɱһˣΪУ
ֻΪ˳һ˶ϳ
Ǻð죬ѾɱˣһжԹԹʹһʹ
ǿϰԺͣҲܡ
ղ˵Ĭ˱̬Ը⵱ͷԺѧ鷳
ѧ˶ϳˣοˣЩ˷׷ױ̬ԸϳԺͣ˭ҲԸΪ˳ȥϳ֡
֮ǰǹܳڿд磬ȴλ׵Ժ
ϳʩչնޣǸȺȥδնɱһĿֻǳѣĿѾﵽˡ
λǡϳ仰ת˵ء
ʣµʮǿ߾һ㿴ңҿ㣬鶼ЩȻղǻڸԳԺȺȣ˵ЦڳѾɱˡƵǣô˼һ𣬾Ȼϳһ˱Ƶز˵ȥֱˣ
˫аʥ̫ˣҪһһĻǵпûκһĶ֡
ȴеĻҪԺǶŵɡ
һǸеԳȡ
۷׷ףܶϳܲˬȴòϳʵ
һսս￪֮󣬿϶ϳʥսϵһӡ

ʥսİС
ĵεӰȻɵλ൳
ˣİзչӣЩʵǿľĸϳΪʥ
ΪΣǳûĵطû¡
ǿߵҪ֮أˣǸСĴ
˵ʥսִ죬ǻٵпܾһҪСġ
ܻٴһỨѺܶʱ䣬ǣסǽж
ߣȥв̫ŹҪٵʥսó׼
һʼжͷĸͬķϴˮ͵Ϯʱ򣬾õ̫ŹǹʼʩֻҪõʱãҪ²С


513 ׼ս
ϳɱ˳磬ȴһ׮£˲٣Ҳûг뿪֮ǰԡѪɱǷ֮غȡ˳ѾõĻţȭףһעУн
һϢһϢϢǳѾɱˣϢļ˶Ѿˡǳ׿˵ӦòѣΪûǸҪϳűȭףԷн
ţȭ׳ĬƬ̣ŴӦ˵ʵϵֻǱһϣ˶ѣϢҲͳ׾ˡ
ܸڰ˳䡣
ұѾмٰһ飬ϣһҪӦ
ʲô£
㳹׻ңҽѣ

һ˺졣Ϊž۲ҧֵģڵ֪˼˵Ѷ׾Ҳ֧ȥˡ㲻һѣҲԻٵġȻѾҾȥǡ
ðɡȻִҾ͸һʹ죬׼ô
׼
ţȭдȻ
ϳĿеȭһۣȻƷ·Ϊצţȭ󱬡
ţȭ׻ˣ̺ĻӡȻ飬ΪһĻ꣬һǣ֮£ε֮ͨУ뿪
ϳףԷ漴񣬼·
֮ͷʥսƴɱ֮ȡͻƵ𼶣վǵĶ㣬һɽС

˺ļ죬ϳһֱѰµս˼Ҳûҵ
ͼıսҲûô׳֣ʱ˺ͶҪвС
үӣٰҶתתˣûջˡϳƵ
һֱڰתˣڵܲˡ
ǰϳıȶ٣ʲô¶򶫺̣ľʶȥˣԽԽ࣬򶫺̵Ĵ֮٣˵̸
üûսһսҲаϳ
սֲǼУôࡣ
˵ʱԶ䶸ų貶Ŀϼ⣬Ϊһġס֣˸߿С
ϳ֣˫۶ȻŹ⣬ѿڶǼ׼ս
ոջ˵ûսһӾðһ׼սǸϢ׼սǡ֮ʥֱӽΪ𼶣Ҫܶᵽ֣ȴһٴҼսջ󡣡˳
ǸǧѷĻᣬһҪץסүӣתˣôõĻᡣ
˵̫磬׼սĻղ棬սΪпģһҪСġ
ס
׼ս񣬹пᣬ߱ƴһֻһˣܵõ
ͼսҪһҪֳֻҪб´ӮɣΨ׼սǱֳģҪͱѱͳͳɱ
̤׼սֻҪôҫΪǿߣҪôսܶΪ˵̤ʯ
ʷпһμ׼սϰλʥǿߣԪˡ
μӼ׼ս֮Ͳܷˣ;˳߲ɱˣͻͷͷһҪ
ϳ׼սĲп֮ɻǺҪμӣΪʵ̫ѵˣ֪ҪòͻƵ𼶣һԾŵĻᣬʧʧ
ϳԥʱ򣬰еļ׼սϱ仯ͷųȦһԲʮҵĴս۳һĳΣǸԲεСӡ
ԽǸ߼ս͵ٶԽȵ׼ս׳֮Ͱ˷ǿ߶ˡ
һ֮ϼдʥսÿһ䣬ͺ񼯽ĺŽǡ
ϳһ·ɵ˼׼սıԵսΧĹȦǧңһ̤ȦҲԻͷˣǸѵľ
ԶԶģͼһӰڼ׼սķΧƿշУﻹţҡҲμӼ׼սղŹȦ̫ͻȻˣһӾͰҸ˽ȥ
֪׼սĲпᣬμӡ
ϳ˫΢Уע⵽ѾսǣҪ˳ѾˡǾƹ֮һӡϾͽˣû˵˭ܽ
λ̨ˣСķɳս췣ϳѵ
Ǹȴţǰɣһͷ˳ȥ
䣡
˾ٷ·ŭ˲죬ն仯¡죬۳һ췣ף˺ȥɲǼ˷ɻңĶĸɸɾ
˲ӳܶ죬ȴֱˡ
ϳĿһĻһܵ˼׼սĲп֮һ̤ǸȦпܾҲˡղһ췣ҲֵסֻбɱķݶҲֻǿߣϣ¸ղ췣
׽ȥء
ϳһɴ䣬һȴˣ¹ش󣬲òСġ
ʱڣ޷ɣҲüھ
ϳ̧ڰдһڵĻռǣʹڰ۲ɢͬһῴ
Ϊ˱ͬУһֻһ˲սȥ˽ֻܻһעͬҲٸꡣ
׼սĵƬյأΧеǿ߶˹ԽԽࡣųɾŵ˸ϳһûмŽȥȫսΧ䡣
ڵ˿ϳ򵽿еĻռǣ£۷ȫˡ
Ѿһ룬ϳȴûд⣬λͬվһңԶĹȦйؼ׼ս顣
׼սôãһŽȥʮˣеȥˣȫʥ֮еٮٮߡ
ǰػĴ½պšǬ𡯶ȥˣ˵ǵػĴ½ڶţֻһ֮ϡ
ʸȥҲֻϳˣ˽ȥ͸û𡣡
ʵ̫Σˣϳ㻹ǱȥΪ츳ҲͻƵˡ
˷׷ϳ
ϳղһֱĬֱʱ˵ʱ²˽Խ࣬Խܸܵѹô˿ʮͻƵ𼶣Ҫ͸ʵ̫ˡʥս֮ǰΪԼͻƵ𼶣ھʮ궼δС
ⷬǫ飬ʵ
ϳҪʮ꣬οǱˡĪȴֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţȥᡣ
ʱţתչȥ½вҧ˼׼սʹսڵһ·ӵʮˣѾǺܶˣʮֻһܻ߳
еɣɢۼĹâչֳ񹤵У̺ÿһ·͸
һɣսͻĻ
ϳ̧ͷĿƵĿ֪ԼˣҲûиʱȥǡ


514 Ǭ
ľ
ϳ̧ͷ˿Ǿ޴ļ֣սȭͷվûֵܵס׼սջ󣬾ðһԡʵϣɱģ
ƴˣһЩʵҵ˶ȥƴʲôµģ
ϳ⣬̤ǰ
ʥսֻʥǿܹ̤㣬ϳĸĸԼܽ綼˻ڣԿԷĴ󵨵ĹȥõĸĸҲϱǡ
۷˼ϳ̤ǰµϳ⣬׷׳ѯʡ
ϳҪȥ׼ս
Ҫȥ
ϳͷԥô죬˾Ѿ
ǧСģĺϢ۷
ϣܻų
ϳתͷһԾ̤˼׼սķΧڣһǡ
۷ϳһѺһսغϳ˵ˣҲغڵˡ
ҪϳӮˣھͻһǿߣҪϳˣھͻʧһɽ
֮ǰԥ˿ɲֹϳһѣ֮кü˼׼սʹμߵӽʮˡ
ϳվսԵλãΪĸӣмпмֲܣսе˶ĵˣȫɱһҲˣɱġ
սϣûƶԣƾ£ͱ˾Ҫаľ
ǺֶΣ֮֮ˣɱ˵һ˳Ϊ𼶣в죬ĸࡣˣÿһϣΪ𼶵ġ
ϳип
춷Ҳ
սĻҪһʱ䣬ϳΪӭսʼ׼ŷ״̬Ʒҩʵ
һսеӺЦϳЦǮׯˣΪһЦ˵ҵͷսܿҪʼˣûȤ֣
ֻܻһˣ𣿡ϳʵ
Ȼ壬ͷ֮ǰǿԻﻥֶԸˡȵĲʱٽԼҲ١֮ǰѾһЩ˴ӦˣҪҲ룬Ǿˣոպá
ϳصԷ飬ҡҡͷǸҶԽ˲Ȥ
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Ϊ˳ŵ󣬼ȻԼһ˾ܳŵֺαȥˣ
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ڶ˵УȽϳһǬˣ˱ΪػĴ½ڶţ츳ʵ൱֮ߣϳ֮¡
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۶ɣҪ죬ϵͨûҡá衱ɵңĿǳ޴ӵ൱ӵ޾ĲƸ
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ܶ˶ɵǬʵȫԶԶģΧԲһضûӰ
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սڵͳͳչжսؿ쳣һһԶ٣սʮֵĻҡ


515 п
׼սɱѽѷ֣սΧ˵ɴ۾ս
УϳٷУٶȷ۵糸ıܿһδιԵࡣŶ֣ڻʱ
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ϳ⿴ȻվɽͷϵǬɫ΢΢ûгȥӦսǼУѹ˻
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սв˴Ÿϳһ˼Ҫʱ䣬ӱսȴʱǰӵкܿٶȣЩٶȲսҲ㲻Ǳˮ
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516 ȸں
Ǭļʸܿ죬ϳҲ
ն뵶ϣɲǼ嵽ǬǰƿǬڲʹ䱩¶⡣
ǬзŴһߡ
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ΣͷǬ𱬺һ屩ʮΪһߴľˣ漴壬ѪȴûҪ
СʱһĨĲӣıɾˣһֻǴѡ
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ϳ֮ǰ͹ˣ㾹ȻܰұƵ̶ֳȣǬһըһ㣬ΪۿɼͰѴظˡ
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Ǭ𱣳žſ޴ƣѹեȫƾһʮ׵ʸ񱩵עУ·һ˼ʸ
䣡䣡䣡
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ϳոս˰ٹڤ˲ʱƸ͵һЩġ
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䣡
ϳҧ̤ƼȦȦֹסȥơѾɵ˹ȦԵ׾ͷɵȥˣν֮ա
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һҪ취ŤתǬñޣ似ٶȣϳ˼ת˼֮ߡ
ΣͷϳǣͻȻ佫۵Ϊһ壬ͺɢҵƴͼƴ״˾޴ͻơ
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ϳҪñΪ˲õһ̨סʱ۵óΪֳһģı̬˱ϵԾǨ
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ϳٴξ𵶣һЦתʮ㵶磬ն˹ȥ


517 
磬һؾɽϳΣͻƣ˵ʮ㵶Ȼߣһն֮Χ׷ӿ˹˵֮ϣͬضվϳһߡ
ĳһЦֻϵܵӰ죬ȻԼƿأ˴ķģӿϳǱߣʼԷЧѱԭˡ
ôܣһЦʧɫǵһμȻܶΪá
һЦʧȥӣʵΪ֮оҪ룬ȻѾˡ
һڳһЦѸٷŴʹûоʧȥʶ屻ɣһ߽ɢΪ˷ɻҡ
һЦƣͷһУⳡս󿿵Ļʵ
ϳ򵽵ʮ㵶ɱ˳һЦʣµҲΪǣΪսϵǿߡܣĿʣµĵһƶ
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һɱĻϳյսɨһܵУս壬ɱеˣվսĴܣȷս޻˵ϢһץߵĴΪҪľǬĴˣղսʱ⵽͵Ϯûüȡڲõ֡
Ҳ֪ǬľڲڴҪ̫ˡϳ˳Ĵ򿪴̽Уʼϸķҡ
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ϳһεض˺գҪϧѾʧˣһ˱𴦡
ϳƣֵĶˣĶΪ˲һͰˡ
»ǱҪΡ
ѾϳڶɵϮˣ;ûһҩʼĵ׼ӭӿɱ
һϳǿܽŶһ٣һʥսûдܽ磬ѩɽʧȥֶΣܷͦסδ֪
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¡糿ĺİԶ֮ңֱָģ

ϵڿ۳Ϊһɸɾӣ˳Ⱦòȱͷ·Ŀƽ޲û˿ĸ顣
顣
͸ϵӰ޲ʧɫ
֮־֮
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˵ǿԺģ޷ģʵԴ⣬ԶԶ֮ϣ÷󼰡
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Щܵѹѹ棬Ķ˳֮Уһ˫ϥһڵء
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һһ죬ңңӡ
ϳƽ˫ۣ˫۾ǾԵޣûκεУĮǿտҲǵһμ񣬲Ȼͬһ㡣
ֻǿϳһۣ漴ջĿ⣬̧۳һ췣ף׹ָ䱬ܶ
ףѰ׵ǿǧٱǿ߶ɱ


518 
췴ף·ŭƿ£ҫأĿޱȣ̫ŹıԵش
һĲվϳڴ߶̫Źʥ֮һ˲Ŀꡣ

׶̫Ź⣬һеӰʹ䷢һҽС
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519 
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ĽˣϳİɵС࣬ʵǱʵ廯飬ĺġ
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ȵﳳĲˣϳ˵裬ϻҾͲ˵ˣ·ѡһǹԹԸϣңˡһǸԣұҡһ·ǰŭһ֮»㡣·ԼѡɡҵҪжĹ
ߣүйģӲ
Ҳ˵ѡ·
ѡһ·
һ·иƨĹϳ붫һ


520 Ŵ
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СһүӽС˻Ϊ˱̬ۺžͼƾðһööңԽԽ࣬ӿ˳
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ϳ棬ܾͨ仯־ּܹΪص
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һһңȷʵܿɹۣԺרŸǮɡϳЦ
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521 ػĴ½
յ֮ȸŮŽһЩй顣
ҪΪСϳ֮ǰĶСֻе𼶲ܲһСһ֮֮
֮໮֣֮ˮ֮ȵȡСѲ򣬾ǿҲֻȼѣûеĴ
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˵˴ҵλ棬æ鿴
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˾Ųʮϵ״ԪϼŴǺϡ
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תͷϳϳҪϵţֻȥԪϼ壬ݴԪϼڵػĴ½ȥһˡҵԪϼ壬õתԪطܽϵˣܴǿʵڵлϳǿĻԪ
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ϳԸȸŮһͬǰ˵ɲ޵˵ͷͬ⡣

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ϳľٶ֪ﴫ˴ԹʵԲĶУλʵ۵ע⣬ټϳϳе˻ʹ֮С
ԲĶΣһǣϽɫۡϳۣ˵˵Ҫ̽ڵĽأԵʣ
ʵѰҴ˵еĻԪһ壬˵Ԫϼ塣ϳ̹Ȼ
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ԲĿһ䣬׷ʵƾʲô˵ԼǻԪһĺ
ϳشһ˵йдҵ֢״ûױ¶ݡ
Բ֮˼һŵǴԹԪһһЩϵΪԪһ壬ô˵ԪһҪ㣬޻ᰲǼ棬ǲϼ㣬ذɣ


522 Ԫϼ
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ϳȴεȴʱ΢һЩ
ſԲԴˣżǰӵ洺磬Ц⣬ϳ̬ȱ֮ǰҪһЩ
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ʲôʱܼԪϼˣϳʵ
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⴦󼴿ɵִԹĽأԪϼļ԰֮ǰĲ²һԲ˵߽ವһʧ
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͹̺ܶݣգ֮䣬ϳλλһƬطһشе㳡ΧŸʵʯΣʮӰһŮ٣ߴһߡ
ɢɲǿϢ˫ʮ죬ͫ׺УתϢ
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ҵĸĸԪϼ֪ͬ飬ҵѪͳŴĸףһ¶ĸһҸĸ׶ڽڲ֪йԪϼ顣
ӹ񣬴Ԫϼӵһһʮˣ㣬ӦʮǰԪشĺԪش壬⵽˼׷ɱ˱Ů֪١ǸʧٵŮӦþĸס
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ֻԪ˲ѧϰԪѧϰԪҪ㣬һΪԪԭеϣڶ棬ԶԪϼ壬̤벽Ԫ峤Ȼ
ϳɫһ䣬Ҫͳͳǿѣ
ϣ׸ա
ȻĸϵԶȸϵǿ󣬿ⲻܳΪյɡ
ԶԪϼ壬̤벽޻̸֮
Ҷ޷ܡϳҡҡͷ
ѧ˻ԪԪ峤΢΢ۣеתĸһЩǰĿռ顣
Ͻİ취ֹһ峤αͱˣҲǻñķʽס
˵
籦ǮƣҰһЩ顣ǸҪģҸҪģҸȡ裬ȫ
ԪϼҪĶˡ
δذɡ˵˵ô֪ˡϳ΢Ц
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ãҴ㿴һ۶Ҫܰߣһж̸˵Ԫҵ峤֮λø㶼ûϵ
Ԫ峤˵֮Ϊһ⣬Զ


523 ɺ
Ȼ֪λԪ峤ҪϳʲôԿ϶Ǹ⣬Ҳ˵峤֮λøϳĻ
ϳո˵󣬶λԪ峤ٷУûб¶Լʵ
һǰһһ·˺Զһ¶Ĵϡرأȫһɫʥǿߡ
ôʥǿߣЩĸԸĵԪϼĵȷʵ൱񣬷ǱѰ
Ԫ峤ûж˵ʲôĬȻվ˴ϣϳȥվ˲Զϳڶôƶˣһƾʧһ֪ĵط
ƺλڵҶұڣռǳ֮ڵϰڷһҾ޴Ĵмƣɼ˲⣬ģò˼顣Ҵͨڣɽͣģʮְ
ϳɴ۾Ȼۣ
ⲻۣǸӸ߼ġɺۡǿƶԪ峤
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գۼǷһȦٶ൱֮졣
գ
ȻܣôǿзУǿȥݷøǳǳ䡣
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Ԫϼ֮ںܾúܾǰԪϼǳҷɺǵģԪϼһǿյĽߣ塣Ҫĸ磬ʷǻҪϡԪ峤ƽ¶һϵܡ
ϳ֮󲢲⣬Ԫϼܽеķɺۣǽߺ
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ϳֵĶˣ˴죬ƻص˻ԪϡԪؼûʩչԪ
峤ῪЦҲԪȻܼԦҴϳü
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ˣñķʽȡԪвͨˣλԪ峤ֺ˵ˣԪϼǲ顣
ϳ룬˼һת⣬˵ˣѧϰԪѧ˻ԪܹԦҷɺۣͷɣҰ쵽֮ǰҿһֱԪϼ塣ڸһ£Ժ˵Ԧɺ۲ҪģֻҪԪϼѪʲôкη
Ԫ峤ϳ˼һ£ŵԪϼ궼ûһ˳ɹԦɺۣ±Ҫѵö࣬ԪѪķݶϣҸһᣬһԡ֮ڣѧɻԪռԦɺ۵ķҾա֮㲻ܴﵽĿ꣬ʵʵԪӼһаţһ׵׵Ԫˡ
ʱ䲻ˣϳ൱ţӦã꣬˵ˣ
ϳԪ峤֮ԼѧϰԪֱûԪԦɺΪֹ
Ϊ˲ŵģϳдһţἰԼҪһʱ飬ûἰԪϼ
ϳøԪ峤һ£õԪ峤֮ŽԲУΪתڴԹļλ
Щ£ϳŰԪϼפأһסƺֻܶ࣬һܶطȥ͸˶١
գԪ峤ټϳҪϳʽѧϰԪϳһС
﹩һЩλĴһʯϵһӵ壬ϱעѨ뾭һУէһʯͨϸȥĻͻᱻеͼС
ŵľǻԪ֮ȻܵõඥյȫݡֻԪϼ˿ʯãûԪҵѪپҲǰ״Ԫ峤
ҺúÿϳĿƵ
ϳɴ۾ʯۿʯеɾ̬Ϊ̬ϵӵ縴һ㶯ʼʩչֶΣ궯תΪһתһС
ǳȫΧһתת֮вŴأ


524 Ԫ
Ԫİڽ֮Ϊһ壬תΪһʮֽӽ磬ǿޱȡУзػ磬һ׷Դع鱾ʡ
ϳʯۿڵ֮ӵ궯Ҵܡһʯϣûж˼ȥЩ֮רĲ򣬶ͷ֮˵εκˮ
ʯ֮ݱãӰ˸ѨλתΪݣ뵽ϳԺ֮С
ϳƾջһݼ䣬˻Ԫؼ
ֻǳգͺñǵõһ飬뽫͸Զ
ϳԪʩչѶԼѧбһ£ȫһϵģԪ൱ӣ漰
֮飬̺һС͵档֮͵ڲ֮˴л֮ͨ
Ԫѧȼ޷ǵı׼ģѾ𼶵ķ룡
²Ϊ˻ϵ״ϳҲԸѧϰôһѧ
ԪǲҪúŬˣѧɡϳп
ԪһоŲ㣬Ҫ߲ܼԦɺۡԪ峤
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ûʲôôСֵģһˣԻԪһϲͨƨ
Ҳֻо֮ܲŻѧɻԪ˽ԪˣŲ˵ִ
СӲҲʶ̧٣֮ǰ峤ԪʽԪңȻܾˡԪϺεҫҪΪԪҵѪûʸԪ
Դ󣬲ʶ̧٣ڵʱ򡣡
ſЦɡ֮ڼ㡣
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ϳһһΪ𺳣ҲԻԪѵҲС
Ԫǿ߲أ
Ҫ˻ԪǾܺˣ𼶶ɻܡ
Ԫ峤жʽеĻԪɢ٣عƽתϳǻԪԺɡ
ãһᾡΪϳ
һϳʼʽѧϰԪʼѿеĹͷ¿ͷѣԪһͰסˣܾöûܹˡ
Ҫǰֽȥѧϰʱǿ϶ģϳ˼ֽꡣ


525 ϵ
ѧԪأ
ϳϥУü츳ѧûʲôѶȣΨ˱ڡ
ĥ󿳲񹤣ϳʱŻлԪǿʼ˼ѧϰѵ㵽˼ȥҪǳڴϡ
ϳˮ׼޷׽Ԫֻܱųż֮⣬⡣սľˮдټһЩйػĸ򣬲Ԫ׶ˣܹˮɡ
Ԫھͺñö۵Ȼ죬ռŴÿ쵶ˣȻࡣ
ѧϰԪΪ֮磬ȥɡϳ
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ЩüĿˡ
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ͺһŰֽԸΪ״̬ȥˮ֮ٶߡ
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¡
ܵ˽ӽ֮ڣòԴ˶ϳ˾棡


526 ߲
ϳŽǰ׵磬˺һξ룬𽥰
ˣֻͣ
ϳ˿ͷֿ˿¡
ͷǲ֮ڣԼɼǿգããأﶼСԪϼפض˰ƴ
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֮ھͺһ磬ãã棬Ȼܲ
ϳհװ˼죬һ񣬵ðһ󵨵뷨
Ҫܰ˺һССĿӣû͸ͺˣƻ֮ڣһᾪ죬ֻƿһ㣬ܹ⵽췣
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뷨ȷʵ󵨣δ˵˭첻֪°˺൱ϻ˯ʱεĺӣҪ֤ϻ
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ϳ󵨵뷨ʵʩʼ˼ڤ͵͵Ʋ֮ڵİ취˼Ҳûк⡣
ת鼮мȡУĲ飬Ԫϼ֮żЩżǿգ൱Զ
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ĳ죬һżϳϲĿƵĿŹżеһμأһЩƻ֮ڵİأʵϳ뷨а
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ʱţ֮ԼԽԽˣֻʣ²µʱ䣬üޡ
Уϳչ˫ɵ˲֮·ԼϢͺһŲڵޣܹⱻ췢֡
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ϳôĻңɫǺܵȥֲԪ峤ԼԪϼˣʵôһ㲻ˬģýйһ¡


527 Ԧ
֮󣬱ըನŽɢȥ
Ԫ峤ˣЩϣôǵһôǱ
ȿȡԪ峤ԼѪ
ҲòĶȥ˵ԪҳϽϳΧסΪϳҪԪϼ巭
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ϳȻѾˣҪҽǿԺƽ⣬ҪһУǾֻܱˡǵǴȺܣҶԷ㡣
˫жԷõֵĶ˵˫ǿѾ̸ʲôƶ֮ˡ
ڰʥ֪ϳöԸɫ粻֮ת¡
ԥʱϵһ˹ƻ򣡱Żס߲ʹʯЧǿܹ죬߲ʹʯͿˡվǸˣһ죬ֻղܳʥɾ֮ĻȣǾһһϹһ𣿡
ڰʥܵĹƻ󣬰һᣬҧѧһΧϳΪĿ꣬Ǹɵ󷨣ԲȥᣡҵĿϳɱϳͳɹˣ
䣡
ѧһƵǿͬʱжеĽ˾޴󷨣еĵϳʵ̫࣬ңɲǼƶһƬĩ֮
ȹأ
ͷ߶սӰһ˫޵ѧ˹ȥĹսӰ֮ϣȴδ̫˺
һ˫޵ƿջѧе˲ҷ


532 ˮ
սԭǿͬĽ֮ǿ߶ܻɱ
˰˴æϳǰɱѧɱ仨ˮ
ϳĶԡѪսͷûа׷ôȥЩˡ
ڰʥûȥܴս󣬶ǻͬǿһϳʩչͬ似һһǿ󡣺ڰʥʩչ񹦣һڰ̫һʹóˮǣˮ֮һʹȷһԾ²̤һӰа˺ϱ֮֡
ϳԼлȻ壬˲뷨״̬һ˫Ԫ뵶֮УŻԪŵ˹˹ȥ
ಣ
ϳٶ֮죬ǿ߶Բ׽ʹĵһԪдˡ
һ죬屬ΪƬĸɾ䡣
ʲô

ڰʥһͬ˫˫Ծ˭Ҳû뵽ϳʵȻôܹ׻ɱǿߡ
ոձɱĿɲǷ֮ѧ
ϳɲǵһλɱǿˣ̬ƽ˫ԪڵΧתһ˹ɱȥ
飡
һ죬һǿս
ھʣ˺ڰʥ
ϳ˫趯նµĻԪźڰʥ˹ȥϳԼʵţΪԺɵȡʤû뵽ı仯
ڰʥıͻȻֳʮ꣬Щһһֲγһεϡ
ϳײϣܵ˺ǿͦ˹ڰʥͻˣ֮١ѡˣᵶɵԶԺڰʥΪȦ
ôһðô꣬γһ硣ϳоɡ
ڰʥ귽ֶΣŵסϳĽΪԼһ亹ҧҧ߶ϵڶ꣬깥ΪһҲҵıߣϳȥ
ϳֻܿһߴ˸
Ҫͷ翩ЦЧ˱ܽߵ깴ӡС߿Щļ䣬ȡָı죬ܼԦЩйСĵɡҪǱЩ˵ɲġЩǰɶǸǿߣûһǰ׸ģԶͨǿǧٱ
ϳֻ֪߸߲ʹʯıȴЩЧôһ˵֪ڰʥõǹ
Ȼǿ⹴ŶֹЧ
ߣ˶κβңο»ҰϳһĻʽʩչԪǴ߶д
ɫ죡
ľˮдۣÿֳͬɫвͬźڰʥѹȥ
ʩչԶ빥ϳͲýӽڰʥˣЧ
ɫϳȻԪȴһ似Ҫǿöࡣ
ڰʥɫУһûõͷվⲻˣдĹ֮¡
ϳһֻյĴ֣ڰʥµĶͳͳץסб
ֶһ
߲ʹʯһҲǺõġ
ѧλǿ߶ɱˣǻҪǹԹ䣬ӦڻڣҿԷŹǣҪǸ翹ҵָȥϳȣвѧµˡ
ϳչֳʵ̫ǿѧһʤ㶼ûУ׷׵ͶͶԽԽ࣬˶Ͷˣȼ翹߶սɱ˸ɾ
ϳƺһڵķ򣬳³ٳٲɼΪļɵȻˣֱӰұ֤Ϊ㡣
Էûлػ˲룬ϳ˾룬ٶȿò˼顣
ܹжϳ࣬Цӵеǡ͵ܹƿռ䣬пռ䴩󣬻ƿԼ磬С͵һϲΪ͵˴Ķ֪
һˮ档
ϳЧƶϵ͵ĳߺܿһʹº͵컻յļһ˵ܵȡ˴Ķµһ͵͵ı£ԳƵڶû˸˵һ
ٺ٣¶ˡ翩Цʮ˽ڱıߣҲһ˽⡣
߼ҽӴҲˣʣĵϸҲҰɡ
ϳЩЧΪĺ档


533 Ҷ
絹ҲûԹԽЧ
һΪ¾һΪūӡ
¾¼˼ǧ±Ǩͨ澵Ӳ±ǨлϣԼĶ
ūӡЧֻͬܽܵ˱ΪԼūڶԷūӡ޵޽ԼЧƣֻԼ󻻳ˡūӡһҳϵūԼʵԽǿūȻҲԽǿ
ﶼϳĶ
Ǹ˺УϳŪЧ֮󣬻˸⡣
ҾͲˡ绵Ц
治֪ǲϸң
ǵģǵ˭ʱ֪ˡ
ϳûʳ𰸣Ҳûٸʵס
ȱ͵ηսӣѾԶˡľҲԶٲλһֱڱ仯
ҪǼã֪Ҫȵ²ܰ˵
źһЩƺ֮ϳѡȶ˫һ˹ȥ
ԷҲϳɣ˫ԽԽڰ·ˡ
Է֮ǰϳٰ²ԷݣԤϡ
֣벻ӵ˾Ȼ㡣ϳŶϤӰ⡣
ͬЩ⣬ЦǸӵĸ˾㣿
ҡ
֪ӵļһû뵽㣬ɱˣһһ㣬ʵûʲôʤ㡣뵱ɱһУǽӲסġ
ģѣûҪΪһַȻУǲġԭһеġϳ΢΢һЦ
ǾͶл̧ˡЦ
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ԭ¾ֲܳΪػĴ½һţ澵Ӧð㲻æɡ
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ھֻʣūӡ䲻ˣҲ֪䵽˭ϡ
ȥռ
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ϳȻӦ껽УǰȥѰ
ʣµʮֵСģûӽϳһֱɹȥԷܣʼձźԶľ롣״ЩƣҲЩΡ
Ϊ˾ץߣϳѡ˱·ԼЯԪ峤Яһɵ·
·һߣİ½ء
Чˣһ߱Ƶ·ߣƶΧԽԽСϳΪοԵֵʱ򣬶ԷȻͻȻ˲ƣֱͻ˰ΧȦ͵֮⣡
Ѽӷˣϳơ
ӵ˲͵Ҫץĳʵ̫ˡ
ϳֻתìͷìͷ׼һߣ뼸ͬһԷⳡս˺öʱ䣬;ڵľϳԳҪæ
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˫һ·ƿշС
ɵ·ͻȻԤ׵Ĵ͵Ϯϳ߶һһ߾ȫϳĲӣҪϳأ
ҿϳӦ죬ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʶͬʱѵתΪһĻѾĹס
Ǻ⣿ϳʡ
˫ʶ꣬ϳΣʵû뵽͵ϮԼ
ֻܶһζĽȻѾʧ˻ʤϳĶ֡ϳʵѾԶԶԽ
ֶУϳֽſٹ˼ɾ飬ԽԽ

һ죬һкɣпѪشеıҲٵˡ
ϳʤ׷ŷִ磬ָشȻ䳹Ʒ
ΪʲôҪ͵Ϯңһɣϳʵ
ǺǣûʲôɣҾЦ
ϳ־ЩԾմͬƽʱľһ˼ðһƲ⡣
ܿǱūӡˣ
ūӡܹģҲǸ߻˾ȻǲǰɱƲԷǳ֮
Ǳ˿Ʋ͵ϮϳǾԭϳΪѾ񣬶Ǵ㽫ԷѺ
ڹϣȻԱ
ⲻϳΪǾѡɱ
ϳɵˣʬƬɾ㵽תΪ˷ŭһλ֪ıӵ߰ʹɱġ
ȥˡ
ǱģҲɥҶԲ㣬Ǹɱ˸Բ㡣ģһΪ㱨ѩޡ
ϳġ
𾪹Ĳк·ūӡӵߡ
˫ԽԽµİΧȦԽԽСɵһ󵺸ūӡڵϣ̽ޣԵʮ塣
ϳڿУԪ峤Ҳɵ⸽γ֮ƣΧס
زˣɡϳȵ
󵺼žûκλӦ
㻹Ǹͷڹ꣬ҿƱ͵Ϯңȴϳһ
ϻǷƽ˾
һӴ򲻳һƨϳԶֽ󵺣ӵն˹ȥƿնڵնСɲǣһƾո֣
䶸˽֮⣬ݳһ޴ĺɫڣֱͨصģ߸
һˣʲôϳоɣüŵϳֵĴ󶴡
𴦶н籣Ψ⴦ûн磬·ϳȥýֺͷܲµһطգǸ̶Ѩ
һɳƵдϳҪǸҹһ˴ɽһңҾͰе͸㡣㲻ҽͼٵҾͰеˣԶòԼѡɡ
ΪǸưͣⲻǻ˵ôȥðգҲǲԣȥ֮ǰȻشһ⣬ǲǱˣϳ
ǣұɱ㣬һɾ䣬ϧʧˣ󡣡
ܺãˣ
ϳ˫Ŀһݣ뷨״ֳ̬˫Ǵڵɽ
ңȥһ̽
ϳ仰ɽ
˾ںϳİΣȴϳ˰С
뻢Ѩûӣϳûѡֻܹȥ
ںϳһ·ɢ࣬ضۣסϳһ·˺ܾҲû⵽Ϯ붴ԽԽԶ
ΧģﶼûУϳһµĴҪǻͨƵˡ
Ҳ֪Ǳ˶ã֮ǰǸɳƵٴ
ǺǣϳѰ·һｫΪ֮أ


534 
вϳöˣǺܸð˫ĵض˹ȥ׺գ·ĺڰ
һϣӭϳĹײһɽһζٱ
ƾһжϣԷʵϳ֮£
ͬʱضΧŵһЩ˷׷ӿһɹŨҵⶴڲߣ壡
£ǲܹģһλūӡǵģʹǺƽ档
ΧͻȻֵģ廹壬ʵ൱ǿǶìͷ׼ϳϳĹ˹ȥܶ˶ɱķʽУȷɶ˻
ϳԹѵڣԪʩչ˫һ֣ŻԪֱϷ·
ӴԪ˺׷ױѣûֵܹ
䣡
һɷ·ӺĶĹӵײžͼһֻצһץϳĻԪ󱬡ٿƣֻһƤѣûд󰭡
Ԫܵסжô£
ϳ⣬㡣
һ˵ΪŨ޷֮ȣ֮
ڶĵһֽܹסԪļһ
ôǿֻǡ棡
ǳԽʥĴڣʱкܶǿһһնɱĶӴԺӭĻԻʱ
ֽ֪ܿӻԪһǸ棬֪˶£ϹеϹ
һɭϵӰ·צӣӡ֤ϳĲ²⣬ȷʵһλ档
Сޣɣһ˫צ󣬹ע̺
ϳʹԪԺһУ˫˸൱Աһξ롣
Χ˺ΧϳŻʱ͵Ϯϳһһ£ϳʤ棬οôభµģ˿սɱ˺ܶ˺Ҳ˼οˡ
·ĵضܵȻ飬һƬǽ塣
սһ·⣬ľ
Ԫ峤üͷʮֵϳİΣüˣȥæɡ
ϳʥּһϸִУΪ׵УûǲҲܶµ֮㣬סͼܵĵˡ
ϳʵսҲԳȣû˵֤ŵס
һѹ˳嶯ԭء
սƬ̣ĵضƽһӰӺƮɶ˵ĿͶȥַɳϳȫһ
ϳᵶ֣ԡѪһֻһĴӡǸոնɱūӡ
ֶ˸͸취鷳͵ˡϳ˵
͵ռ䴫ͣһӾܴû׽ץ̫ˡ껿Ц
޷Ѿ뵽һץĺð취
ʲô취
ʵܼ򵥣ÿܶеΪӦжڽӽȻٴܡҲЯ޷жҵķλˣҿԴһֲ͵ҲϵĴͣͣµʱеǻᡣ
⵹Ǹð취˫һ
ϳܿ㽫ƻʵʩת˽ڵıֱ𽻸˼˱ܣΪ˷̯գ֮ĲޡЩ֮ĳıҲʧȥеı
֮ĸӦǳǿң磬ܹӦԼ򵥵Ĳǲеģҿɿ˱ܡ
Ҫת˽䱻ϳԪ峤ԷָԦɺۣι̵ϵΪһͱ
ıﱻϳֱ𽻸ȸŮˡ
ϳŴЩ磬ȡ͵λã˹ȥ͵λòϱ任ÿ춼üط൱ĽСġ
СҲдʱ
ϳ׷һ֮ãڿྡޱȽӽ͵ĳߡֻ֪µķλ֪ԷģֻϢѰҡ
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ϳһ˫˫ۣܴӺ֮Уҵƽһ˿һҲ
һ׼˾Ųʮ
ֱǸȾƵӲͨ
ϳĿסԷƽԷܿܵĿעӣתͷ˹˫Ŀӡ
һ㶣¶֮ɫתͷֹ˴ϳߡ
Ӧܡͨ˸еķӦ
ϳûзеĻɣ촽΢һ˾¥ڵӶϣ»Ҫװôװû˼ˡ
˭ڸ˵ѵǹô¥˾ʧ룬ĴѰԼ˵ˡ
ϳ΢΢üѵж
ָ̽΢΢һͷųһɾ˹˹ȥ
ֱϣ˶ûκηӦ

˱ɣѪˣڵֹ
Էı൱߳ԼαװһͨˣЩαװ˵ġͨղһϳжϳ˶ԷǿȣԷͨˣһʵǿߡ
͵컻ƹȻ鴫͵ıһݼҲһ
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Ӧþϳɣܼô˽еֻ͵ǵˣ͵Щǲˡǲ֮һұԵģ͵ҵܹ֮ˡƳ
һ͵־ڱصãڶһС͵ûʲôÿġϳδ䣬Ѿйһ嵽Ƶǰ
ɫ䣬תص͵˺һռѷ죬ȥ֮ززȻѾˡ
飡
ϳһŻԪƵĺ󱳣顣
еĿռѷ漴ϡ
ϳʰһ²о֣ҵ͵˵
˻ϡ֮ǰˣͳͳ
ҲԱߣ¾߼ˡ
ͻȻЦٺ٣߼һˣҪҪھںϵһ𣿡
ûǸҪռЩҪΪ֪ҵ٣ҺܲͬʱҲΪ˷δȻñҵҵĿѾﵽˡϳ
¿ɲ㡣
Ҿһ䣬ñˣʲôСҰˣ
Ǻǣ㲻ûٵҵġ
Ц˷ë
ͷųһεƬǿҵĹЩҪںһĳ嶯
Щԭһ壬ΪŷΪ߿飬ǻ᱾ܵҪϡ
޷ܵ


535 ߲ʹʯ
ಣಣಣ
߼׷׷˰Уɢֲͬɫʡ
ϳһۿŷյת˽䣬һԾȥת˽һץס
үӱ£ұ㣬ںϵһģϳסת˽䡣
ת˽ó棬ϳ֡
СӣְɡΪҷһҲΪνҡ̫Ҫˣ֮յİջӡ̫ǿҲϣܸһֱ룬үʵ룬һӦġϳָд
϶Ҳ̫Сˣûлҽһܴ죡ɵ£ԹԵĽָͺˣûָϣһܲϰߵġҪҵˣ͹ԹҵĻ˵ϳȵ
ˣСƢ̫Ҫˣ˵ֲǳʧֻǸںϵһѣԺȻڡ
ˣںϣʲôƨĻҸںûоԵʵ֮ǰǲȥսģûҪΪⷽ浣ġǾ仰ʵʵĽָôһˣʲôӢۣ
Сӣ˵Ķԣ˭Ҳֹˣ߸һ壬ܵҪһǵְɡҸһںϡ
սô꣬ʲôʱˣҽ춼ˣӶ
ϳ߬ĸһЩ
ԣת˽Զֻһô򵥣ĵ׽һλ
ץŵľͺүү֡
ѾץĺܽˣȴûסеĽָΪһͺɳһָлɳ
ҲˣȫתΪͬһ۶ȥûܹ赲ǺİЩﶼˡ
СӣǰҰ㲻æԺ󻹻㣬ҳΪ߲ʹʯһ֮ܰﵽĵط϶ࡣǿȥŬưǾȥսվȥ춷ʲôҶ㡣
ת˽仯ɵڰγһС˵ģϳ˻֣Ȼһɳ죬⼸ںϵһ
ϳĿһĻȴΪ
߲ʹʯ˼ǴϳǱⲻ֡
ߵɫںϳΪһεʯͷ
ϳܵԼ֮ϵʧһͬʧĻжʶ
ѾôǿˣΪʲôֹ˵飿ΪʲôΪʲôϳܵѾõʹ֮У޲õйһͨ
ת˽ܹȴûܸıԼ
߼Ϊһ壬عΪһ߲ʹʯӵ߼ĸᵮһЩµǿͨ죬ܳأǿıû֮һ
ںģߵѾںϳΪһ壬ͺ߸˵ںһ
ڱ߲ʹʯˣڵһҪƨˣƾҵʵȫ֮ϣ
Уҵϳʲôʱ򣬶Ҫæ
ϳƨټ߸ΪԼɣŲΪ˵˵ū
˵ˣҵϳ
ǱĺģЩƬҪҵģھҪߣҷɣҷɣ
߲ʹʯͷųһɱԼҵĲ˵أȴһִŵĲʶסˡ
ڵ߲ʹʯͺ˸ѣͬ˸ڳܣ˭Ҳ˭
ΪĵǿģûЧΨһЧǲٿڵȴûܶΪĶΪĲִ̫ˣ
߲ʹʯ𶯣ͬʶײںϣȶͺšһҲֱ˴ˡ
߲ʹʯɢۼĹʣƮ䵽ϳУһİˡ
һˣϳĪһʹڴһ˺ѸС
ӽԺ㻹жϳ֣߲ʹʯı档
ǵģˡ߲ʹʯ
֮ѾҲǸүӵĿˡ

߲ʹʯΪЧȷʵǿ컯ܹͨһС߲ʹʯǿ֮ǰΪƬĸЧ˵ת˽תЧñ֮ǰΪǿ󣬿Դﵽͬ弶ˮ׼սĻ߲ʹʯϬܹ𼶱ޣʩչִ
߲ʹʯϳʵϼ޵Уֻȼ˼ǧϹпܸһ
ȥϳģڶǳ׵ʧ߲ʹʯ֮ϣϳЩο
ʱƣϳǷĵףع졣
粻ϱ仯ϳҲڲϱ仯Ϊһ·ͻƵ۷壬ٽһˣûмȥգǼʵȴΪʵʱ
вʮӵ۷ΪЩ˶пգǶȥս죬׷Ұģʵʵĵһˡ
棬սһΣս֮ҲûսֱԪľȥ
ϳʵﵽһƿٱǿѾˣȻѪǶһȦ
ŮСȫˣһһ·һشŵƿշУʱʱ
ԪϼеطϳĸѾָ˽װдҵ
ϳ⼸겻ŮϷѩԼٻ˺ӣĴѾʼϰˣ˳ûͷԣϳ谮
һ˾һɽˮҲڡ
ߵ·ϳȻ֮аص쳣֮ڤڤ֮УƺһصĿռ䣬ͺǶ硣
ϳѾˣɺĻǺأƿռȥתת
ڴϣȥתһתϳԸ
Ҫȥİһȥ¡һųСѾͷ꣬ϳСŮԵ顣
ȥ̽̽·Ҫҵ˺ĵطٴȥϳŮĳ裬һԾƿնȥס
СѾͷϳûԼߣһ¿˳޵ǽһҡ
ϳһ·ƿշУ˺ռ䣬صĶ硣
ڵԣϵѾˣ󲿷ֵĶ츣Լվضȥûȥĵط϶Ҫһġ
ǰȻʣһƬ֣һʮïʢ羰൱֮
ϳ˿ң޵Ǹõط޶Сһ;
ǰߣ̽ƬĶռ䣬ΧֺȻһط
Դ
Ƭ絽صĺܺãĹ봫˵еԴǳơ
ϳȻĶҵôһ˵еĵطǸСջһ·˺ԶԶһЩӰ
ֵĶһЩݸӰƽСӡ
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ӸܵעԼתͷ˹ϳĿӡϳĿƽͺڿһزʶİˡ
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ٸ˵仰ȻԻ뿪ϳ
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һһ䡣

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ϳЩ߱ĺǣʵٵ۷壬ԽǰԼڵŸһսˡ
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ϳһͲסˣѡһգڽսԼһУЩ˵ԼĺϢȻ˿С
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ʵϳɺҲ뿪ǣ뿪ĻΪֻͣˣ޷ٽһ
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Ҳûȫİ취˵ȴһֻʤȥգսֻԸƽͰȫˣٶʱڰȫˡϳ˵һ顣
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ϳǿͷһ޴һΪյĽ޺һΪѪɷ֮ޡ
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УұжԸģһˣ̤ɿеĽʹߣӡ任ƾոֳһĪĶж죬Գأ߿ǳȦת
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538 
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ѾЩգΪʲôҪĵ
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һûŮ˾͸һ˵֪ôѡ͸ߺˣǰʲôԺһõġ
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Ҹ㿴ĶʲôҶ֪ʮǰͻȻƿնǿս䵽ϣ죬Ȼһ·ǱʼǵյĺԽԽ죬Ҳڲ͡
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ħѼǣܿҪѶˡ
ǵˣħǿޱȣڵϳǸСƣҪԳ֡
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