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ݼ
һͨˣһͶ̥ҪһȨǮ˼ң
ҪΪһܼӣһȨнǮİܼӣţûҪе㹷ӣ
ҪӻҪܼң
Ҫһɿ񳱡񳱣


1 һ⡰顱
ҽҶˣһͨԱͨļͥͨӣĻȢһͨģŮӣһҪҵŮҪ㣬ҪЩЩȻżҲݳһѣһϲ
ٽţͨ˵ӣӳɲģͨһӳ
һһʵ飬˵Ҿһͨˣһӹͨ
ҵǾҲҲΪֻһͨˣһ飬ȴͨϣԭͨĳܲ
һ죬ѪȥѪȴ˼ҵѪҺ⣬ȥҽԺϸһ£Ǹ鵥ʱҵ鲻֪ôȥݣΪҵӸһƬհס
ֲʲôҼǲסѧܳǺܺһѪҺȫ粻ǧˣԲӦͨ˵õĲͨˣõӦǸðͨС
ү̫ˡ
ֲǱģûʱ򣬺һģֻһͻΣգںƵİ취ǺٵģҷҲͨ˿Գܵġ
ſЩ˵ҵĸĸܳסϢ
ǣҾһ˵ʱıԼ˾Լһ˼ĵģ˭ҵи֣עΪһӡ
Ǹʱ룬֮߱£Ҳʧһ¡
ǰɣҶ֪м˼꣬ǸʱһѪһ˴һЩҰ湤ߣʹ̵ɽ֮С
ܲҵģҲǺ˵ģʧһɽ¡
ʧȻǲҵģɽиˮ̶Ȼвҵǣɽµһɽȣûгڵɽȡ
ͬģ˵ţɽﾹȻһֱ⣬ûûҲû˵ֱ⡣
ֱνǰ󣬲书ؼкܶҽѧѧŶݼ׵ȵȣֻҪõС˵еļܣӦоС
һ£ҾֱˣһܳĽңΪ书ļܣŵ鼮ŷǳϸĻ֪ʶ
书ҽһϲͨͨˣҲţȻ֪ʶ룬Ŀʼͨѧȫûκεϰ
ȻȵʱҲΪЩģΪֻ˿һЦұ֢ˣԾҽκԼ壬Ǿѧѧ֮ġ
һʼ֮󣬾һʰȫͶ뵽м֪˶ʱ䣬꣬ڽĶѧ˴롣
ţֻһͨˣȻѧЩûȤģֻѧһЩװļܣ׼Ժأ߳ơ
ҪûǰźȻϳ֣׼ȷޱҵǣţʵѾ޵еңԺǷǳãҪǮǮҪŮŮˣҪʲôʲô
ҵĲǲȫˣҲ̫ûȥҽԺ飬⼸Ҷûһǿ׳ˡ
ԵˣҲԽˡ
Ҫ˵ϸ磬չ˺ǵĸĸף߾үܵҪȥһˡ
һҪ˵һΣӾԲѧʲô޵УĻճؾͱЬ뻹ȫʬӸճظ޵£ȴҪһŲ֪ɳǸҳĩ
ˣϾңҶˣһԲͨԺţƵģһͨ˵ԡ
Ҫ˵һҵԸţһӵԸһͨˣһͶ̥ҪһȨǮ˼ҡ
ҪӻҪܼң

½յ۹λڴ½ռŴ½ĵأϷȸ㶦ڴ½󲿷ֵֻз棬Ψһѡ۹ֱĸ۹
յ۹ĵ۶һǹ飬˵һ׼ȷ˵һ󣬲һʮһС
֮УƲǽɫģֻΪ˾ȴϼ⣬Щϼǳֵʱ䣬ֵĵص㣬ǳֵ˾ù졣
һЩרңҲѧߣŪǱϵ۾򣬺˵һļ
磬޷飬ᱻΪ񼣣ˣǴڵģ⵹ҲãҲʡȥţǼ⣬ǲǴڣǹ֪
ⱻΪ񼣵ϼ⣬ƲʱɽɫҲ۶ɽɫ磬ٲȻһƽ֮ǡ
ݳһ۶飬һᱻɫʣϹϵҪ˿ȥȾĻǾֻ˵֡ˡ
һ죬һС磬УҲעΪĿĽ㡣
Ϊ֮ӣ
ֳĺӣӡ

۶УȨڵһҼΪӴĺլ۶۹˵½ϣռԺġլ
󲿷û⡰լû⡰լҪյ۹ĵ۶ҪȨ֮Уһᱻ˻ɳΪȻûйʽһס˵Ļɡ
յ۹ĻʹҲͬһĴ󡢷һĽ̻ԻͣլС׼ףϵ۹ȨļլҲܶ඼ܴԽ΢е㲻ۣҲֻ΢ѡ
˵ô࣬ҲӦҽլ֣һȫϵͨ֡Ҷլ
ΪƬĺլûиԺ֣ʲôʲôլ֮΢һֶûУҶլϽдլǲȡ
Ҷլ˼ҶļլӵլҶһң˵һӴļ壬Ȼôӵôļլ
ڴ½ϣֻҪ˵Ҷ˼ң˶յ۹ҶңǧһֱΪµһҵĶҡ
Ҷֽӭ³ԱĵΪʲô˵֣ܼ򵥣ΪҶҼÿ¶һ³Աĵ
ҶҿʵµһңȨ棬ԱǧĴУҶҼϳԱѾ֮࣬Ȼֻ˵ģЩѾĳԱ
ҶլôӴҲⷽԭ⻹ǻΪסڼңҪϷ֧ĻյĻʹҲط
³ԱҲһ棬˹עһ棬ǵҶ˵ӣҲһźѡ˵Ķӣп´˵ĺѡˡ
Ϊʲôûг˵ǶӶŮϻ˽
ϰ֣˵ӵųǲǴ˵㣬ûأŪϼ⣬齵һ


2 ʮ
ҶլһԺ䣬һȺվԺУ˵⻰ģһӢ꣬Ƚƫ꣬Ҳ׳ƵĴꡣ
ȻģҵӵȻһˣձضΪΪƸΪĴڴϣһƵ˵˵ͬʱҲڿϵϼ⣬˫֮¶һɻ
ӣ֪ﳶƤϱǻһ˵У˭˵һӵģ˵һɰСŮϵϼʲôϵһѡһ߹ĸˣ֮ǰû˵
˵ӣһӣ˵ϵŪãŪģһ˼Ҷʲô˺ϵ˵
ǾǡҴˡոյͷӦţȴͻȻмһ⣬Ǿǡ
СӣǺڰҪǰŮã㿴ĽãģϲĺϻҡšŴĶ˵ͬʱһۡ
ʲôŮã͸ôһѵģҪŪûˣӾȢһ˵
ңߣ˵һӶֻһǲˣҪѰ»˿ˣһۣžԹ˵š
ŴˣҶľϵ£Զ䣬˵һͻԶֻһŹ˵֣Ȼ˵š
Ϲ
š
ˣϼ֮£ʼǼʮһ罺ĸ飬һ
Ҷİϼ⣬಻˿ϼ⣬ⷢӵʱͻȻ쳣
ϼԽԽҲԽԽһ޷еǣܶ˶һִϼƺŵ۶ĳһӿȥǣ֮ϼͻȻʧͻȻһ㡣
ʱնָ˲ɣոյǲΡ
һ̣ȴûȥ仯ΪͬʱӤĿ
ϲүϲүʱһ侭ֵ̨ʳˣһЦİſе
ٷ𣿡ʵ
ĸƽŲŸո˵ĸ֣ͷǴѾʧԼǰһһ㣬Լӹ
ĸƽ˵ûɣӡ˺ǵ˵ţӵڻеĹûһ¡
ǰλ˵ӣأʵ
ܵܣǵܵܣ㣬еܵˡһСŮǣһ˶ٵŮеȻȥ滹һϳɵк
ǽõĴڣһܺõ֤˵Ļơ
ǰҲ˵һΡ֣ôϵϼⲻˡ˿ʼתƻ⣬˵
ǰǵСһϼͲˣе졣΢΢üеɻ˵š
ûеԿԼһ˵Եʱ򣬹һ¡
ո˵ҵİϼ಻ϼûˡ
ȿȣ
ߣ

һϷˣǻʱҲһضţһһǸ꣬һڴϣոСŮӡ
ŮȻһڸǲס˵ʡ
ŴˣҿˡŴϵŮ˵ͬʱŮӵ֣ĿתģƺûпŮߵСӤ
һĻƺ˵ţ˲һʱĵĻԼţǶӡ
װˣ֪ҪľǱӡŮ΢΢һЦ˵ţ֪Լɷڵ飬ȻҲ˵װģֻ߽֮ȻҪ
ҲˣԼɷԼĹš
ǺǣǾȱǵıӡҲܸɴ࣬Ц˼󣬾ͱѾװţ֮еӤ
۾ͷֻмëֲʲôɫһ߱Ӥһоš
ףףҲҪܵܡһߣǸõСŮţֻСӣ˭ȥء
֣㿴Уˡֱӵؾܾ
ߣǾ͸ҿСŮһǻϲ̽壬ϵСҲͬȥ
ۣܵܺÿɰ
š
ǵġ
Сһһ˵ţһ߿ţʱӶһֵܰζҵζ
ոճСӤƺζ֮дĿ

һпʼ紫һ£ΪһˣһոճӤ˾ʳ¯Ҷҵʮӡ
ʮӣ˵ĸôຢӣǸҶһӵУҲֵ֮ڵʮλ
Ȼֻڵڼ֮еУҶңҶңҪΪһǧһŹӣࡣ
񼣣Ժյļ壬һӾʮӳΪȫĿĽ㣬ҲͬʱһֱͬΪ֮ӣûκ˷뻳ɣĿǰǲС
ˣոճڻ֮еСƨ
ܶѾʼ¶ۣ˵ӽĳɾһ˽ɳ
һ˵â¶
Ѿʶ֣Ⱥ飬Ǳʣ
忪ʼѧϰħһţ
۶ĻʼѧԺʵȺ
ʮ£Ϊ棻
ʮΪһչΪһ
һҪͨѣΪһĿĽ㣬ڼ䣬ʶһЩˣҵָ㽭ɽַŮˣ

ֻǣ


3 ֮
֮յĻʵټҶҵˣӣرָҪҶʮӹȥ
ڻʵټ֮󣬹ҶʮӵžֶһǾһδޣδޱǵ۹СͬǸոճ¯ģͬһˣʱ΢һ㡣
˼ǣ۹СҲϼгҲϹϵҲΪԻʵ۸ʮССһԡ
Ҷҵ飬ҲʱзģС»ԼûʮҲа˴ΣԶ£Ȼ˷ԣҲ˾ô
һԺʮС£ҶȻҪףʱеٹ٣ʵҲˣͬµСˡ
ʱʵ۵뷨СһһףҲʡͣ˷ɢûѡʹмҲԵɡ
ô˵ҶóʵǸҶӣҲʮСӷͷٴ
һ󡭡
ƺһı仯ʮСӵɳǲֻǲûдĳЩ˵Ĳ²⣬ӦѾ˵
죬ǵĺôҶһ߹ŮӣһһĺӣЩǳ˵š
ŮӱʮСӵĸסеĳ죬ɷҶ죬Ҳһüͷ
ΪʲôüΪΪӵʮС̫ɫˣһ޷ܵס
ˣ̫ɫ෴СӶе㲻硣
һСӣһʱô·ˣҲܿ˵һЩ򵥵ĻʮСӣǵ·Ҳ˵
ûµģЩС·˵Ƚ֮һܳɫⲢʲôҶüοԼӣͬʱҲƺڰοԼ
šʮСӣ΢΢һЦƺ͡
ǵģЩСӵȷȷʲôʮСǲҲֻмٿȥˡ
󡭡
ʮСѧ·Ὺڽˣˮƽֻǳѧߣúܶ˶еһʧҲ뵽һԣֻȴԸȥ롣
ǸʱҶҵ˻ϲǣǳصȻǹʮСӵˣϲģȻǼЩҶһϵ͵ˡ
ڹеһȴ⣬˵̫СˣʮСӵʮֵĻϲʮСӵĽ㣬ǸȽϻõģҪĽ㡣
춼ǻϲϲıʮСӣƺҪ֮ǰźȻ˵Ѿ˲٣ǻǺСŵܵܵĻͱеˡ
һ£һСŮһСкһʲô龰ܱöҲѾ˾ˡ
Ļһֺܰĸо˾ܺ˼
󡭡
˶֪һ£ʮСӲţһģˣӦ˵һޱ֮ˡ
ڲѧ˵һЩ򵥵Ļչˮƽʧһ֮ӾСɵмķúܶ˶е⡣
һĽʮСӳ׵ı˷û˻һ˿ϣȻֻ˵ˣ˵ļˡ
ʥ½һͳǾǵһʱ򣬶Ҫȥ츳ԡ
츳ԣеģһֻһֻ֣мΪ˲Żӵϣ츳Գ֣硢ˮ
ģйڰռȵȣһЩԣЩǷǳ֮ģǧҲͻһ
츳һ֣ͿԷӳһϵħ߶ǿҲ׳ƵӳɣӳɿɲСĿԿӰһ˵ʵ졣
򵥵˵һˮԵĸˮϵǸ֣ϵģѴﵽˮϵܵһҲͱӹ֡
Ϊʲôѡʱȥ츳ԣƺһ˵궨ȿȣˣ˼
˵ʱ򣬻Ѿȷһ˵ԣı졣
ʮСӵĲԽ˳ԾȻԵģһ궼һ˾ٲ֣Ҳһ
Ȼ֮ӣֻ֮ӵ˵е仯ˣ֮ǰ˵ĺӣھĺӣҲ˵
֮ӣ
һ˶ķϲģǴǿΪûʵˣǺѵõ˵𾴡
οˮƽҪˣһ۲۵ĳնԾǷϲеķϲġ
Ȼ뷨ܶ˶Уȴû˸˵ʮСһ׳գҲ˸˵ʲôǲ˵ġ
ϾҶӵеȨƣչҶʮһǵҪǵҶңɲһ˿Գܵġ
Ҳһ˰ɣҶңʮСûǣһնһϲģҲȨ뿪
Ҳһָɡ


4 ǿ
ڷʮСӵʣĸĸ˵һҲڰοԼԼĶֻҪƽ£һǣҲ̫黳ȻҲڶӵǻţŬֲĲ㣬㲻ΪһܳķƶҲҪһ֮
ãǵŮʴΪϴҶԣҲǳʮСΨһжĳɳ˾ϲǽȻ෴棬һ۲۵š
ΪҲҶ򸾵΢ƽһ㣬ҲͽصٴμҶϣŮΪҪʮСӣǲҲһ۰ǻܶࡣ
˵ʮСӾĻҲͷƽ˾ĹһҶҵȻȢǸ۹СҲܸɫһܲӣҸĹһ
ΪʲôȢ۹Сϻ£˫ὫԼȡҶһǻʼңʮСȢ۹С
мǣͱȽ϶ˣҶʲôܣȢ˵۹СĻҲͲյ۹
ôΪӵҶҲûʼҶǻʼٸҲãټҲãҲһҪƵ
οֻҪһ̨ףʼҾͻ˳ȥ֡
ȻǻСʱʱһߣȥҲ˵ʮСǸ۹Сϵδޡ
ԹʮСӻڲͬһ棬Ȼ˵ɳ棬ҶѾ֪˵һЩ
һЩǳ죬޷͵ĶͺʮСӳЩϼһ벻ͨʲôԭ
˵ʮСӹˣǱˣĻýҶ꣬һαʮСˣʱ򣬷ļˮƽŽȻ෴һ档
ǸʱʮСѾǿ˽˵Ȼɳһ㣬ҲڴҿԽܵķΧ˶ڴͲǺܸˣֻϣƽƽĿֵĹһ
ǲԼչԼҲνҶҿչһӣҲѾĴ㡣
ֻʱȴС귢ʮСӵĹ죬ǸʱһƴͼϷǿһ˵ļжԭֻԼһģʺСӶԽϷ
СԼҪһСӴҲǴ󲿷˵뷨ŪһԱȽѵģһС˵ǾԵѣһ˶еѡ
СǺܱѩǱϾСӵչ޵ģŪ˰춼ûŪɣһ֮£ͽƴͼڵϣһߡ
СʱһߵʮСһЩ˿ϵƴͼֿ˿ԼĽ㣬ƺеԺ
ƺףԼΪƴͼС֣ɢƴͼڻϣȻһƴá
ܵܣˣһҲ棬㡭С֮󣬷ʮСſڵƴͼһʼΪֻ棬ǺܿͷֲԾ
۽ɨĻеһǣƴͼģǳԾϸһƴͼѾ˴롣
Сıͺ´½һԿ϶ЩʮСģֻˡ
ֻǣƴͼԼոƴ˰춼ƴãԼܵȴ˴룬ƺ̫˼ˡ
СڷһֱʮСڷ
㣬㿴ˣ㲻ҪˡʮС˵ú˵һҪһᣬŬıԼ˼
ԴС굹ϰˣһֱ˵ġ
ɺϣһɺϡ
С꿴ƴͼе㲻ţһԼıܵܿɣҲԼԼĵܻܵڡ
ҲܵܣһΡС΢ЦţȻƴõƴͼٴŪɢҪǲɺϡ
ʮСӿ˿С꣬ȻͶŪƴͼƴͼıԭСԽԽ
裬裬ˣܵʱСȥ
ҶҶΪ֮䶯ССĺ䶯һѣҷʮСӵļǱѰ˵ǹĿ
ǾֲܶԺ󣬲µһۣе㲻˼Ķۡ
ʮСˮƽϣǲ⣬ȻûӦˮƽļȴ˶硣
Ǵ˵е׳գ
ҲʮСȱһЩʲô޷ȷԼ


5 ԲΣ
ܿ죬ʮСӵļĺ䶯ѾʧϾһ˼ǿֲĳЩȱ㡣
ȡ֮һ顣
ʱʮСеشʱڣǹԺôչȥһʲôĹְҵѧߣĹ٣ʲôġ
ΪʲôǹְҵҲǺܼ򵥵ģҶΪʮСӻᵣһְҵҲȥֻҪһģ򵥵˵ֻǺһˣټһ˵⡣
Ȼĸģ⣬ҲҶ򸾱Ƚͷ۵⣬ǲ֪ô²źá
ʮСӵļ˵ҪΪһ֪ʶḻѧ߲ʲô£Ȼһܸ֪߱Щʲô֪ʶ
Ҷ˵ҲҪ߱ʲôǾһĴѧʮСӡ
ֵ鷢ˣǸѧٽһʱ֮󣬾̶ҶǳʣҪԼ̲ʮСӡ
һʼʱ򣬷ΪʮС޶ۣľɵҲǸѧ޷֣Ҳֻһһͬһѧߡ
һθ죬죬Ǹѧ߾ͬҪҶ
ļ˼λûһܼģʱԽԽ̣һֻ˰죬ʹһ־ӣƺȻĸоŷ˵һ仰
ţҽֻ̲ܡ
Ҷ򸾷ԾˣôҲãЩѧ֮ǰѾ֪ǾһӦĶԲߣӦð첻ͳˡ
˵ˣ£ѧԽԽǿֵʱӦԽԽŶԣô෴ԽԽأ
ǣԻҶ򸾾ȥʮСӣҪ֪Щѧ֮䷢ʲô£Щѧ߻ֵı֡
ʲ֪һһҶڵõ֮󣬾϶Ͼ˼ѧߵ뷨ͬҲҪʮСӳΪһѧߡ

ʮ٣˽һ´½ԴǰǸʱԭûκε飬ٵ磬Ҳ壬飬ˣ˵ȵǻ͵
ڶУӽ壬ΪǸԭʹ壬Уǻ۵ġ
ѧ߽˵ԼԽ֮ʱһŵʮСӷһᣬȻһۡ
ಢģֻ񻰣Գǽдġ
ʲôѧѾֻ֪ʮСӵۣǶһɣʼ
ֻʱ˵ĴڵʱʮСٴһ⣬ΪʲôɣǿȷĴ
ѧʰˣ¼ȥὫԼݽȥ
ļѧߣҲƵʮС˵زƽģһԲֻԲ̫Ըо
У˵̫һֽкǵľ޴򣬶ǶΧ̫ת̫Χת
ܶܶ࣬Щ˵ȫƷĴڣҪǱ̻֪һʦͯ޼Ҳһ
ԣ֪Щѧ߾뿪ǿɲǻ
Ҷ֪Щ֮Ҳɫһ¾ѧ߹ҪʮС˵һЩ˵ۣǻˡ
ֻǣǺһ㡪죬˵Ǵ֪Щ߰ĶСû뿪Ű벽ԻԼСΪ⣬ڻû뿪ҶլһܽӴЩ߰Ķ
ǰС󣬳ҲͼѾչоǡҶҲԻ󣬶˵˵ţ뵽һԡ
Ҷ꣡
СɻĿԼĸĸԼĸĸеǾԼʲô
СƽʱƤˣôܵ˵Щ߰飬֪ж٣˵ʲôͻʲô
ʲôС겻ף׵ǣǵ˵һ
ȻѾֹһƭԼĵܵܡ
֪֮ܿ϶˵һ仰
ϰ֣裬ûУ
һεķ粨ҶʱѧɼƻԺҲʮСԼһ˿飬ֳ־˵ۡ
Ϊǻصռ˲ٵ鼮ָ鶼УȻмûСۡ鼮
Ȼѧ߲ɣǾԱģȥһһ۹ҲҪȥ飬ȻʱһΣҶһ˰æš


6 ʧ
һεľ飬ҲͶһۣһһ߿ţҲԼ
ѧϰͲòѧһЩ۹ķɣ˽۹״ʮСڿЩ֮󣬾ͺܸɴļҶľ뷨
ķǲƽģΪʲôƽ׼ô󣬷Ӧƽȣǻʵ۷ҲҪԴ
ūƶӦ÷ϳ
ҵ쵼Ӧѡ

ڹʮСӵĹְҵսεŬʧܣҶͷʹˣʼеˣȻֱӿʮСӽҪΪһʲôˣҪʲô¡
ʮС룬ȻЦ˵ҪΪһܼӣ
Ҷ֮󣬲ʵʲô˵һΣ
ҪΪһܼӡʮСٴظһһ䡪
һȨнǮŮİܼӣţûҪе㹷ӣ
ҪΪʲôǸʱҶҲ֪Լ˵Щʲôɵʵ
ҪӻҪܼң

Ҷ꣡Ҷţһط׼ȷ˵ǳһˣǾʮСӵĽ㣬Ҷꡣ
ΪʮСӲֵܻ뷨ΨһĿܾСעģԣҪúõĽѵһСꡣ
С꣬ĪֱͬģʮСҲеĪĿԼĸĸԼʲôϵġ
ʱʮСӣֻ㣬ھô־򣬲Ű
м仹һ£ǾʮСӵ֡
£ҶҵҲе죬ԭǸʮСȡһ֣Ҷӣ˼Ҳԣϣ
Ǻֵһ㣬ʮСѧд֮һֱԼдҶˣ˽ҶӵʱҲҶ˷ķӦ
Ȼ֣ϰ֮󣬴ҲͽҶӵָȡ֮Ҷ֣ҲͳʮСӵţҲ֡
Ҷˣɺϣԭ
ʲôû֪ڴֻ֪СҶӼȻܼˣǾҪȥǮǮҪĵһ¾ǮûǮôȥôȥӻôȥܼң
µǺ׽Ȼ˵СҶӴûгţҪǮÿյ㻨Ǯ֪ж٣һСȡ
㻨ǮѣҪǿҪĻõࡣ
û֮󣬾Ҫȥڶ£²ĹؼǾǳţ
ںܶ˵һͨ飬ǶǵʮС˵һȽ鷳飬ҶҶȥĿǰС
ǣֵٴηСҶϡ
үˣˣСүˡ
ѾߵһٶֺµĽҶҵͻȻ֣ǸٳǰʮСʧˣұҶլҲĴڡ
һʼΪСںʮСʲôϷܿų뷨ΪСڽܽѵʮСӸ뿪Ӵ
ʵϣСǸʱڤħ̷֪֮ȥѰԼĵܵܡ
һӣҶҶʼˣҪѣҶ˾Ͳȫȥҡ
ʱ򣬴ҲûȥʮСôʧģȻҶܺһ㣬һĺӣһնô׵ʧ̫ˡ
ֻĿǰ˵ҪĻҪ˸ҵʮСǲһϲģǵҶ˵ӣҶĶӡ
ܿ죬۶ĴСﶼҶҵˣȻյϢĳѰʮСӵӰ
棬úܶ಻ĹԻѣʵǲ²ⲻǳʲô£ôôĶ
ЩĹھͿʼȥ̽Ȼûд̽˭ȴ֪һĹСӣһڷ۷Ӧܻеٶ۵ĹСӡ
һЩȽдˣѾ²С˭۶Ƶ˲࣬Ҳô
ں棬ΪʲôСӻ߶ˣһֱڼ
˴ȥѰСӣЩ˴һЩĿȥѰܿ죬۶ѰСӵԽԽࡣ
ڳСѾ۶֮⣬Ȼһᱻҳһܿܿ죬ţٴҶ뷨
鲢ûôף죬۶ˣҲʮСӵټʮСӻȥأôܱܹ᲻ᱻ˰ܣһе⣬˵Ժзת


7 ƷŮū
Ҷҵ˾ȹϵϣ֣Ҷ򸾣˵ǲ߲ݡ
СҲǲ跹˼֮УʮСӵĸã춼һ𣬻ҲΪֻʮСӱСԷӽĵλ
Ҳǣ˵۹ĻʵۣҲһעķչɳٵȥæѰʮСӵ䡣
ңϸңô죬ȻҲһĺӡҶҶŭ
ˣҶǲǳˣŷһüѲ뵽ⷽ档
һСӣôܳǣ˹뿪ҶüʵѾڸȥѰֻǲԸȥ顣
˵СҶ˱˸ǣǾһ˲⣬ǽͻǸӵͷʹ
˭ҶҶӲҾȫᣡҶ˵ᣬ֪ǲеļᶨ޿ɵġ
졭Ҷ֣Ǹӣǽʲôһ
ʱ鷢ˣǾ顣
ˣʮСүʮСүһҶææܽһĻ벻š
ôˣǲϢˣҶŵ˵Ҷı飬ƺе㲻
ʮСүҶһƺûд
ôˣ㵹ǿ˵
ʮСүˡҶ˵仰
˵ʲôڳĬһ˱ˣȫץǼҶ·ţҶܳ
ʮСүˣһСŮˣѾˡҶ˵ȻǸʮС֮ǰŵģеζ
ʱ˻̽棬뿪ͬʱҲûע⵽ҶǾ仰һСŮ
ҶܵǰԺʱ򣬾ͿʮСм䣬ԶһͲСŮСŮһЩͬʱûȥֻҪסʮСӣû֮ġ
ȱסʮСӵģпʱ򷢻ӳٷ֮٣Ӧ˵ٶȣʮСǰһѱס
С㵽ȥˣûˣ⼸ûжšһ߲鿴ʮСӵ壬һ꺮ůţͬʱҲҪʮСӵʱż
ʮСҡҡͷȻ˵ûУкóԵĺúȵģкġ
óԺúȺ棿ȷʮСû֮󣬾ͼʵʲôط˭ȥģС˭ףС
ʱƺŷ֣һվŵСŮ岻ͬţûͲ塣
СŮ۾ģЦʱ¶Сͷһ˫è䣬һСβͣԶڸˣһˡ
ڣè廹ǻ壬еʱ
ܿģʮСӾ͸˴𰸣ģ˵ǻļƷŮū

Ĭһʱ֮û˷κεֻǾؿʮСӣ֮¶һֹ졣
ģ쵽ȥˣУôȥģڶϸظ衣ʵԼľǺ棬ǿҪ֪
һߵҲЩʮСӣȴŴ𰸡
ûʮС˵˵Ƚݣ󡣡ɲԼĶ洵磬ϾͱŶӽݡ
⵹Ҳãҿȿڲ˵
һо֮ʮСӿʼĽľȻܶطģҪҵĲ²⣬Ͼıޡ
Ҳͨˣ϶ףǴͷβͶŵôģȻ⾭סˡ
ȣʮС˵ԼôҶլģڳ˶Ϊ֮ɫ˵ȥôӣ̫ˡ
Ҿ߳ȥİûңҡʮСӵԭ
ûҶլȻûһע˵Ƥӵ£ıĳ˴š
мвٵԭһ㣬Ҷլ̫࣬͵СҲҶҳˣ˸ûʮСӡ
ΣҶլȻԽ˻Ҫȥ˵۹ʹһѣֻҲһä㣬Ƕ˳ͱȽи
ߣһСӣȻҲ˾䡣
ȻһλźܶɺϣŻʮС֪£Ӵųȥˡͼ򵥵ģӴ߳ȥ˶е˼飡


8 
ʮСӵĳţٶɺҲգһε¼Ҷҵ˱е㷢Ϊ˵ţǵķ©
Ϊ¼ҶҾͿʼҶլķʩ֮һЩ飬Ҳ±÷ǳ˼
⣬ʵĲ֣ʮСӳ֮ȥʲôطɹʱ䡣
Ǹʱ򣬵ʮСӳ֮󣬿ʵľһʱ֮ҲԼҪʲôڳϹš
һһγţһжôʡ
ãڵ۶ȨԸΰǳĺãŻʮСһڽҹ䣬Ҳû˶ʲôġ
ҲΪĹСӻСС̫ˣڸĽϵУǶ飬ҲΪΪʮСҲӣѱ˵ĵġ
ʮСͻȻԼĿģſʼȥˣʲôĿģѵ֪Ϊ˻ӻͰܼҡ
ʮСһˣõһ𰸣Ҫܼҳиܺõߣܶӵܼܶҡ
Ѿǵ˭ǵõĻһܲңΪڳ˶аһĳ嶯
Ϊʲôĳ嶯֪طʲôطͻ⣬Ҳĳ嶯
绨ѩ¥ǸʱʮС˵ط֡
ۡҶҶոպȽȥĲ裬˳
ʲô˵ʲô绨ѩ¥ҶҶôһҶĩ;ʵ
ţʮСӵͷ
죬绨ѩ¥ʲôطǲʵ֪طܿóԼɷй֪ط
ǵ۶ߵġ¥Ҷеڨڨ˵
Ŷԭ¥ֲ㲻˼˵ˡʲô¥һʼûзӦͻȻ
¥ֻһ˵ͨһľǼԺһСȥֵطô޷ܡ
ֲһֱҲԭȻֵط˭õ˭ȥֵطȥһСӡ
ӣ裬˵ط˳ʲôģҪɱϷ⣬ɱڵӣ˿ȥ仰
ҲѹôãôܽСȥǸطܼҡ
һ˫۾һӡʮСһػ룬ֻ˵Щ֤Ǹһ⣬ʲô޷֤

ˣͺãǻǮ𣬷ҪǸСҶ˵ǹŹ֡
ߣûʲôֵ飬ȻҾͲǸʲô绨ѩ¥ҧ˵Сﶼʲôϸϸĸҡ
кóԵģúȵģкܶϷ´λҪȥ档ʮС˵
һȵ׼ȥֵطԺ󶼲ȥҪܼҪӻãȥֵط
Ϊʲôܺ棬ˡʮСɻ仰ڳĳλҲͬģȷȼˡ
ȿȣȻֻǰʱ뷨
ûΪʲôĻʵ޷Щֻǿ
ŶǾͲȥˣһȥĵطӻʮСͷ˵
һΣǲŲһΣԲһٳȥˡ
һһ⣬СŮô£Ϊʲô绨ѩ¥дʮСûʣǶ֪
ڷ绨ѩ¥˵ֻҪǮˣ˻Сǵ۹ʵۻū㵱үԴһź
СŮʮС˵ģŮū
Ǹʱ򣬷绨ѩ¥һŮūᣬСŮеһŮūȻһЩõˣʲôãͲ˵ˡ
ʮСӾΪ˻ӻԼǮܼһᣬСŮֻǴİܼҶѣûʲôķĵͬġ
ôŮūУѡСŮȻΪµԭСȻѡСӡ
Ҫ˵һ㣬ʮСڷ绨ѩ¥ĻСŮѾܸɴĽǮĲܹ࣬ǧһٽҡ
㻨Ǯ׬һӶ׬ȴ컨ˣȷаܼӵǱʡ
ҲΪʲô绨ѩ¥һֱûдϢʮСӻԭĴͻ˵ҲǺټġ
УСŮǮΪңռеľ󲿷֡˵ֻǾ˵ǸʱиõĴʮС쮼ۣԲŻὫ۸쭵ңǵʱɽߵһڶĽңǷǳİ뾫顣
˵ȻǾ˵ǸﵱʱǻҪ˭ںԼԣɵˣ˭һı飬Ϊ̫ˡ
Ů飬Ŷԡ
ˣСˣȥҲãǸҰο˵ʵҪǼȥһᱻ˵ʱǽ塣
ֻǣȴ֪λʮСӵ⣬⼸ʧֵǷ꣬ԣ˾֪
ܶ˶˵벻ˡ
һ£λټӼۣʮСҲһ쮼ۣΪĿľǰܼңŲԼǲǴǮˣο֪ԼϵжǮ
ʧ¼ҲˣµֻһЩº粨



9 
ۡʲô춼ڼԺιι갡Ҳ̫˰ɡ仰֮һ֮ĿУʵ֪֮Ҳ̲סΪ֮緹
һ֮ˣοˣ۶֪ʮСӵĹԳɾͣȥԺǾԵǰ޹˺ߡ
۶۹ǵĲ෹̸£ʮСȥ绨ѩ¥Ȼƣ쮼һСŮū

֮ʮС߾ͶһСŮǱСŮԭҲҪҸʮСµѾߣչͬʱҲһ档
СŮƺҲ֪ԼҲȫǿе㱿ʮСӣȻҲ֪ʮСӲİʵȷǰԼԼȳӡ
Ϊˣ֪ͼǴͳǵõһĶݣǶӿȪ౨Ȼ˵ǣҲһر
ԣСŮպȻϲչʮСӣһЩ壬ȫ޺øпԣϾ彫ץġ
ӴˣҶҾͶһСŮѾߣʮСҲһ÷Ů顣
ܶԺҫԼǶôӢ
ʱʮСȴͬһ㣬˵ҪСŮͻؼңŽаܼҵĳףûظһָ
᲻ң˵Ҳʲô˵ԭʮСӵ㻨ǮֻǸоСŮҲⰲţԼӵġ
ʮСӶԴҲ˵ʲôԭͶʲôûʲôͬʱһ飬ҲǺܸ˵ġ
ˣ˽һСŮ֣̩ţڼһϵû˵Ҳûȥ¡
ʵ˵Լ֣ʮСҲһΪ̩ŵĳƺֻһ椡
һ㣬ҪʮСӴһңе㽿СԿͺʮСӲ󣬹Ժ󳤴֮󣬷ʮССܶࡣ
Ϊ˾ǻģŮҲкܽСһ֣ȻǼΪϡٵģþеһ

ܵܣ绨ѩ¥ǲô棬ԺһȥɡС˷ܵģĵʮС˵š
ţ棬ȥ˵ԡʮСӵͷҡҡͷ
ȥҪ֪ͿˡСС˵š
ȥ衣ʮСӴɻȥС꿴ֹˣ;ߡ
Ҷ꣡վס쳹ء
裬ǿЦġҶˣС쵰´βˡ

ڽļʮСӻǸĳȥܼһΣȻҪһ㻨Ǯÿζ˵û´Σÿζ㻨Ǯ
ԭʮСӳǱֹģǺȥٽֹмԭ򲢲ͻȻͨˣʵûа취
Դӵһʧ֮ʮСȻֹţҶլҲ¼ٴη˵ʮСǲٳŵġ
ֵľʮСӻͻȻʧϷһڴ֪Ҫʧ£һЩ˼ķȥ
ЩǱ˸ԵģҲֻĽǶȲ뵽ֻ֮Ǵͣ֡
پˣֻ֣ôô취žǻ۵ˣҲôıһȱݵСӣôܻô취أ
֣Ҷҵ˶֣ʮСװɵʵֲܡ
ǴСѾҪ˵װĻҲǴСͿʼװпбҪ
УЩװ˵ģһʱԣžݼžĳǸҲܺ©ĸ
ΨһĽ;ǣʮСֻĳЩطȱݣĳЩҪԽˣһһɳĻǰ˵Ϊ֮ӣΪ档
£ҶլǴп࣬ﶼʼеԹʮСӣΪǸıѵһ١
ҲǳΪоӢǵľԴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣںҶլķ˵󣬾ǻʹҲһҪʰ·硣
һ̽һܴ̽ڸ֮ȥ̽ûб˷ټȥ۹ĻʹҲؼһ򵥣˵̽һ񻰡
ȴҶҶլмΪʱ򣬱һסˣʱΪһǾӢеľӢȻôץסԼֻǽƣҶլһͨѡ
ƵǣôԼģǸĻشǣǵʮСʱùˣ㻹̫ˡ



10 
ʱҴתƾ͹ȥꡣ
һĵһƽĽֵϵøֲ̬ͬڽֵ֮ϡ
⿴ƽĻ棬һ֮󣬾ͱȫͬˣ˵۷⣬Ȼʼ
ҶʮˣҪЦӻܼˣλޣҪȥĸϽ
ʮҪܼ˰
Цһûȥôߵĵط
ҽҪĺġ

һʱ֮䣬ֵ˶ʼе飬ͷǼľƵꡪЦͬʱֲͬĻ
ʱҲ֪һ£ǾҶʮȻܼңҲΪܼңλãҲصؽ˶λá
ˣڴҪܵѵͣҪλãڶǻһٶţ޲Լȡ
Ҷʮٵ飬۶֪һ֪ǴΪ˰ܼҶܼңҶҲΪԼһӻ
˴Եͳһ£Ҷʮ⼸ӻٽң㹻һ帻ԣüҲֻҶҲӻ
ֻǺ֣ΪʲôҶܼңѵΪһ㣬˶úܺ棬ö֮Ҳϰˣȥо¡
˼ѾѾûλˡ˿ǱԱ棬Ц׬ǮֻûλˣҲûа취
ôһµطôûλˡһЩĵ˴
֣Ѿˣ۶ľ¥ˣֻǾ¥ٴҲ˶£ɲǹ㳡
ʱھ¥֮У¥˸λԿ¥ķ⣬λһʮĹСӣһܿɰĻŮ
椣ʲôСŲ˵¥ֵĳ棬е㲻ʵ
ߣҪռˣүͲܲӻܼ𣿡СŮеε˵Ѿ˵˲֪ٱ飬õĴҲǻһ¡
УҵְҵǰܼӣҪӻҪܼҡСӺ˵Ҳһ˵ľ仰
û취СŮҡͷȻȥôʡԼүİܼңȻֹܼңȴٰܼһ㡣
⼸һֱСŮһ߽ŹСӵĻӻȻĻܵĸ࣬˵ҪڵĻϷϼ
ˣСһ档СӺֱӵصϲԵһʳҲСŮԵĶ
òϲ㣬֪ĻΪè塣
СĬһᣬȻ˵ûд档
Ǹ߼طЩȽƽ񻯵Ķͺ٣СƺҲСӳЩǾûʲô׬ͷˡ
Ҳڵõϰ֧֣ϰҪݺݵһҶʮֻôҲ벻Լһʱ̰ĵ뷨ȻԼһ벻ĺ
ȻмԭΪǸߵطӦøҶʮЩͼɫ
СӿŲף˵Ŷӷ۰ɡ
СٴγĬ˵û衣
С˵ŶţǴɡ
ûд档
Ҫɡ
û衣
ôʲôûа˵ʲô߼¥ǾҪīɡ
ȫգбʲôûԼ⣬ҶʮٹȻеǸ
ûд棡СҪˡ
ûУ鷳ߡ
û裡ɱҰɡ
СŮ̲סˣ˵үǵûУиʹûˡ
Ҷʮ˵ŶûЩ䰡鷳ֻҪ衣
䣬ȫԵ
û裡
Ǵأ
СֱӴӶ¥ȥˤڵһҲ
ôˣ¥ǱߣûСҶʮٿŵϵСȻ˵
үСŮҡҡͷһε΢Цš
椣ʲôûУǻǻһҰɣĵطԺͲҪˡҶʮվ˵ǮȻ¥ˡ
ȻǮСŮ˵̫ˣѸٵóһͭңϵĽһҲҪ顣
ˣ
С¥׼ȥ׼׳԰׺ȵ˶סˣСүҪˣһٲҪԼǮ
ʮ١˷һʾϣλСʲôǮ
ԣˡСӺò˵
үߡСŮܸɴСӿ첽뿪Ϊ֪ЩҪʲôҲ֪ԼүĳٶۣԲ뵽ԼҪӻܼҸǸˡ


11 Һŵ
СŮСʧſڣ˴һᣬȻܶͬʱһҽУΪǸով˵ʱѾ󳬺ԼĳһٷˣὫǸ
ЩԼûüˣϾҴ뿪һſڼȥʱһҲҴȥҲҴҡ
ЩѾ˵ģҴҵǾ뵽һ취Ǿֱˣûϲˡ
һˣǾͻˣܿ죬ոջԱЦÿտҲЩոձڳԷģҲûȥˣˡ
Щ˳԰ͣϸոµĲ˵ȻûϲˣǳѾʼˣм˲֪ж١
ΪˣЦϰ嵹ȥˣںԼΪʲô̰ǵСˣΪһ֥һϡ
ЩΪǵҶʮ٣ҲǵʮСӣͲö֪ˣСŮҹ䣬ʲô򣬿ԼӻģȻ֮ǰҲ˸·̯ԵҪԵ档
ȻһȻӻİܼӣȴһӶûУ·̯ԶҲʱз顣
Ϊ֪ʲôмӣԼ֮ͨʲô𣬶ߵҲһֱܵκε˺
ߵСŮҲеĻ椣ÿγҪֹƭͬʱҲҪȫǴ粽룬СҲֲҶʮٵһЩȱݣϵģġһֱʮСӣҪѾߵĽɫͬʱҲҪеűڵĽɫʱҪ䵱һ˵Ľɫ
ʱ÷һ𳤴ģС޲µĽɫš
ֵϣʮСǰţĵ棬ڿǽļ棬ʱͷϵһͻȻˣֱȥ
žһԾһȾͽ߷ɣͺʲô¶ûһʮС˵Ż
ͬģʮСҲ֪ôһ£¸߰ȥܼҡ
Ƶ֪ٻأȻⲻ˵˹ģѣÿ⣬ʮСӲ֪£椸⣬ҲûдʲôС֮ĻΪûҪ
үҪؼңϻҪȥʹ椿ѵ
֪ģҪףǵաʮС˵˵úܶˣǰҪ֯á
ǵþͺãǾٹһСʱǾͻȥ椸ʮСһޣҲṩޡ
š
ƺûе죬Ϊ˽ʮСӣ֪Ͳ֪žʲô˼
Ҫ˵ţҲǸŻĵ۹СŶˣѾСΪѾСģѾˣһֹһ
ڣǱΪ߹һ߹
߹ֽʲôʮСӺ񲢲ֻ֪֪ԼδţȻǱ˸ġ
߹ͬһգ˵һֱǺϲУֻžУҶҵĻڻʹ֮Ȼ
죬þգڣݺݵذܼһᣬֻǵĿǰΪֹûҵطȥܡ
ˣȻգҾȥȥаɡʮСͻȻ⣬߹ŮһҪ
ֻֻ֪Ҫȴȫ֪ӦʲôʲôŮϲҲΪȥЩε·֮ĵطȥУҪĶ
Ϊ˵ֻģѡԵģط˵һǳϤĵطȻΪ
ʮ˰ˣϴʮȥʮСӸոսУĸ˾ϳǰкš
Сү˭Ϊʲôƹͺ񿴵ϰһһԸոʵ
û˵ϰ֣Сү˵ʳĸҶҵʮ٣ÿж쮼ۣûһһˡش
һûôأѵ˶Ҹ𣿡ٴʵ
ǲûùСүҪĶͲٸߣܱߡ
ĻֻҪ˺̧ǲͷ𣿡
뷨̫ˣ˭Ҷʮ٣˹̧ǾһҶңҶȻСүû취ñû취ȻҲһ£ֻҪҪ̫־Ϳԡ
Ŷ⵹Ҳǡ



12 ԰ܼΪĿ
ʮСӽʱѾ˴룬ᵱȻǲſʼ˵֪֪ҲһȣһһеĹء
ǰĴ󲿷ҲֻͨĻɫĺö󲿷ֶں棬õĶһ
ʮСڹ˺֮ܶ󣬲ſʼƽмۣһУ̾ͣס˺ۣ˳¶
ⲢеļǮߣΪǺҪûҪٲΪȥ
ʱܼҵĺôҲеģһЩˡ
ֻڡ
үʲô㲻Ҫ߹ɣüʵ
ƷһѽһװεıȻеʷֵǶ˵ȫõģҲ˵ûһʵüֵ
װεıһҲֻһЩӸŵģǹСãһЩϰĹСã߹һħʦ
ǰǸԼģô˵ĶôܸһõġʮСҡͷ˵еĸãʵǸ
ֹNƷмʮСҲֹأǳں棬ĲϡŹֵħǱ̻ħ
ħͲöͣҲûʲôòģΨһҪָģ½ħףϷҲܹԶǺܸ߼ۺݳ޵Ķ
Щ߼ݳ޵ĶʮСȴû̻ʵǹݳޣҲܼҵģ˵ʵħЧǱ̻Ҫöࡣ
ڣǽҲȫĿĽ㣬չ˵еڣǵ˹͸İĻʺĹڣǽλѪᾧ滹ĿǰΪֹʯļΪңҪۡʦϤĽһ֮󣬾Ͻ
ү͸߹Ȼ̫˵㣬ĿǰΪֹҲֻõѡ
ֻǣȴ֣ʮСƺȤȫûг۵˼
ŶǾɡʮ򡭡ʮС˵仰Ҳڸߴң椲ѣ֪ŮϲĶ֮һ
Ҷʮʮˣû˱ߵģʮһΡ
ʮһ򣡡ڵļֵֹʮԻǺܶ˼ӼۣǳԽ˱ֵܶ࣬ȻҲűˡ
ʮ򡣡ʮС붼룬ֱٴγۡ
ʮ򣡡˼˵ϣոսۣʮСӵ
ʮ򡣡
ʮ򡭡
ʮ򡣡

ʮСʮƫߵļ۸ڣ˵һ㷴һ㡣
ƷҲǱĵڶͷϷһѱһβװõģǵʦһѼƷǺܶལʿһ
ڳ˺һδθ߼۵ʱʮСȴ޶ڵȴֻʣһˣͶȤ
ɱɱ飬ʺİܼӣǲҪġ
һƷģӣʮҡʦڽܵʱе㡣
Ҳһźܶͣе֪ʲôеľһж֪ʲô
ֻ㲻֪ʲôҲеʾҲ֪ĶǶټֵ
һΣӣʲô϶û͸¶ֱҪʮ֮󣬾Ͳᡣ
ô̽޷֪浽ʲôֻǿ˼ȻѣҲֻþˡ
ֻƷж˻أʮңĶֵûôߣָأ
ԣʦû˵ƷӦûġ
ʮңװʲô˿ʼʻϾʲô˵һӣ¶ȥ
װʲôҲֻ֪˵Ըðյ˿򣬻гʮҼֵĶûеĻиŲ𡣡ʦ˵ҲԼĿˣҪðգȻҪĻһ䣬ҲŲ
Щ˻᲻⣬Ϊʲôʽʵֻеһ򣬵ȴȥʹãϾʽԸðȥ
ͬʱƷϢԽĵ˾ͻԽ࣬ƷʽҲͺٳ֣۸Ļʱ֡
ȻҲһЩˣҪﵽĿģͽƷģֻǻٶ͸¶һƷϢϢǾԲ鹹֮нн׵ʱ򣬶֤һ㡣
ֻƷ̫ˣʲôû˵ֱʮң˵ʽ˵ʮҵļۣҲǺټġȼģ϶ǹġ
˾ú棬ͬҲ˲ȡ̬ȡ
ʱ򣬵ڳˣʦΪƷĵʱһͬʱҲ֮С
˵Ļһ⣬Ǵ˵ĻҶǺģڳ˵УҲֻд˲ŻĪĺӡ
Ϊ˸һܼӣȫȫ԰ܼΪĿĵİܼӣ˱ǵʮСӡ
ʮ򣡡


13 רҵİܼ
ȫžûȥӼۣ˹ȥ֪Ķֵ
ʦڴһ֮󣬾˵ʮˣҶʮѾʮûиߵģʮһΡ
ܿ죬ʦˣǷĿٵʱ򣬺һҪϼӵȫͬ
ҲǺģϾ˭֪ڳģҶʮܼӳ⣬ҳڶҲͲ˾ۡ
ʵҲˣҶܺ棬Ҫ֪װʲôԴֻȴʧʮСӽǮͼææˡ
ܵôѵĶһɣܼӲŻôܶ˶ڻɣĶԻͻף
鷳㣬Ҷլһȥ֮󣬻椿еĺʵү֪ʲô𣿡
Ȼо𰸿ܻԼΣ̲סһ䡣
֪ȻСܼҡͷش
֪㻹ʮ򣿡ҡҡͷȻѶװĿռ
Ȼ˵˵СܼҲһöĿռָֻĽָȴʮֵĿտûжΪĶǻ椱ܡ
ҲûɵģȫԼܲãڶҲǺ椾Ͳһˣ㲻֪ҲȥŪŻܷӳʵԡ
һ㣬ʵڻСܼһģ˸Ӱһˣˣһ͡
רҵİܼң˰ܼҲԼϲģмֵģҺǲһˣҲϲϲûмֵҪܼҾͰܼңҪӻͻӻСܼӺ˵֮лһıģƺڱЩνİܼӡ
֪ôÿι˵Ļе㲻һѵΪ˰ܼҶģ椸ˣͬʱҲһ㣬Ǿүʲô¶ܳٶۣ˵Ҳе塣
ÿ˵ܼⷽ棬ƺЩû
ȻСܼӲ֪ʲôʲôżģȻΪ˻ؼȥʹȥμšᡣ
ոѾһСʱ˲༫޵ʱٲȥĸͻ˹ץȥˡ
С˵ôڲŻǸ߹㣬Ҫ˵ôˣϳ̩ڳϰ·ҶİܼӻصҶլſڣոͱһһŤ䣬ֱһѾȺĺ
裬ʹСܼӺ۵ŤĲǱˣſڵȴΨˡ
Ϊʲô˵ΨȻ˵ˣһȴĸףĽ㣬Ҷꡣ
ãҲעܵҶС˵ƺܽӡ
ûаСܼҡͷҶԼָ
˵ûУҲǽһȥ𡣡Ҷ΢ŭ
ţˡСܼӵͷ˵
ǻ˵ûУҶһСܼӵĶͷ
û˵һȥ
ҶĬ
Ҳϲ֣ǰҴӡСܼӼ˵ΪʲôҶһԭ
ҶӳĬˡ
ǲЩףʵܼ򵥣ǵʮС˵ĴҶӣװǴͣ򵥵˵ǰŮӡ
ǸʱǵʮСӻС۾ˮģƤϸ𪣬ŮӿνǣȻǿŵ˵ɷϣŮװ绹Ǻܿɰġ
ϾʮСӣ㻻ˣֻҪҶץͬ磬Ҳ˶١
С꣬ҲҪԼڵܵܶʼˡһһһСЦ
㣬ЦңǸʱҲзݣġҶ겻ˬǵãԼõܵԴһԼ·ʱ򣬾Լ˵ܵܺܿɰһ£Ǿͻһá
𣿡װ֪
ߣ
˵ˣ̣ȥʹҶ˻֣϶Ů˵ͬʱҲ
ŻʮСӻ·ʱҶһԼȻϱһء
ʮСһÿĿҶ꣬Ҷ걻ùĵطǱȽʹġ
ȻҶ꾭ϷŪƭԼĵܵܣɷϣǺ۰Լĵܵܣκ۸
ܵܣȥҪʹҿ
Ҷջ
ҪʮСܵһߣߣҶֻܿţж



14 ʼ
ҹĻʹһ֮УʼҶҵΪСף˽ʣ˲Ǻֻܶ࣬ڳĶǵ۹
ţģǵ㶯һ£ͻ۹һӡ
һСܼϿʼİܼΪ߹뻢椣ڹ㳡Ϸš̻̻
ͻȻ㳡ϿճְϷ裬˸أǻڿӷǳĻԵĻνǶġ
ʹ˿õ۶ܿܶ˿˾⣬еð亹
֪ˣΪʹǲǷʲô£ôͻȻĻôҲ뵽ֻ̻
ҿ˼ħ˻ģħҪʮң˵ܼңڲ֪ǰ˵ֻС˼
һӣڳ˶ʼ۷׷ףҶҲʼüƺҲ̫ˡ
ף֣ʲôʱģʱóĻ椴һ£ƺҲû뵽а˼ħ
ոģ弶ôְСܼ˵ȻеȴǹĿ
ǾǼ񵽱ˣողŻǧңֻ˵ʲôҲûˡ̾ϢԼӦȼһ£ԼСүһЩϡŹֵĶ֪ǲۡ
νˣſġСܼȫûһϧ
үոͻȻֵİ˻ڳ˶סˣҲûСܼ
ˣţҽʮңĶˡСܼӽӹȻֱӵݸ߹
ʮңҶҵʹһ£ڿǣǲӦʱС˵ľԴֻÿοСԩңԼĲ¡
ˣ͵ϱǷģ˾ͺá
ʲô߹΢ЦСܼӵĳƺȫûκεķУ飬ŵĻһ񣬷Сɵȫûκε
Ϊ֪еֻһƺûĺ⡣
ͬʱ߹ҲϲСܼһ˵ĸҲܺãƺҲ˵ĻԼúܶ˶е֡
Ȼ˵߹ǹڵһҲźܶ׷̫ˡ
ΪͻСɣҲ֮ͻ᲻ͬˡҲԺ飬ھϲСܼһų֮ģһ𲻻κεķգйĶǵ顣
һ˵Ļʱ߹⣬˵򿪾֪ˣҲ˵һľϲ
ʮСȴһˣǵֱӵ˵ˣȻ˵һЩԭ˵Ķڣ˵ŮӶϲ
⻰ڸǻ˵ҪܾͲ
߹΢΢һЦ֮һ£ȻͽڽʮСӣ˵Ȼ͸ңǾҴ
ŶʮСӦһȻһеڣĽ߹ͷϣƺеĸо
߹Ҳ֪ĽԼҲ΢Ūһ£ʵÿ𣿡
ţʯô󣬺ܺÿʮСӵͷ
㣬Һòÿ߹еε˵
Ҳÿҽÿ

Ҷˣո˵ʲôҶ겻֪ð˳űС˵
Ҹո˵ÿ
㻹˵
Ϊʲôңȷÿ
Һÿ㿴޶⣬ҲߡҶ꿪ʼ߹ֻ˵Щƺģ˼Ҳʮ꣬ڷС
߹ĹĵĶҶ꣬ҶЩ˵ʾ飺Ҳ࣬Ǵ꣬Ҳж󣬸Ҳôߡ
椣˵𣿡ʮСָŻ椵زʵ
ǵġ˺죬ڨڨص
ţһϴʱҿֻСС
ҶˣС
ҶʮСӵݣһ߿΢ЦʱһϢ˽ʵ۷һʱԵĽˡ
ʲôȷϢ𣿡ʵǾȵ㳡˵ĿǼСƨתƵϡ
ϣʲô£ҶǺʵ֪ʵ̩ɽǰҵˣ㷢ٴҲãܳ侲ٻʲôȡ
ոϢƣʦʼǳˡʵ˵ƺûҪ


15 ˵İܼ
ʲôʼǣȫ֪Ϊ˶ˣҲΪʲôʵۻȣκ˶ˡ
࣬ǧ֮ǰһ˵еʿĸѾ˵֪õļһұøǿ
еڵִĿƼһõ߿ƼĹңͻǿʢ
Ϊ˵õļ׳˵ֻȴһֱûдӦҲеҪȥȴǲܵġ
ʿԭսʽǻʹٻħԪأǻԸı丽еһЩеֻǸı״еתǵʽṹ
һǿʿԿӦħʦ࿹⣬һ㻹һƷ˾ͱøӦ
ʿҪսͬʱҪأҪ׼ȷĻȵȣǷǳ̵ģһʿҲѧԱ׳ɸǷǳѣ궼ѵóһ֡
ʿ㹻ʱ׼Ļǿ׽һֺ
ţǵģϢ˵ģھǵ۶ʵ۵ͷ˵
ʲôڶ˭ۻʲôۣһҪõһλ͵佫˵佫ѾСòǵ۹ĴԪ˧
ΪһĴԪ˧Ȼ֪ʼǶԾӵĺôмŪһǿħͿҡ
˵ˣҾúܾȡʵе죬˿һߵҶ졣
Ҷ첻ıʲô˼˲֪ģΪⶫҶҡ
죬Ҷҵõⶫóɣɲ˽̣Ժһ㣬㵱飬һͦסԪ˧ֱӵ˵
尡ҶҪϰֵԸ񣬲óױ𣿡Ҷε˵
λԪ˧ҶĹϵݾǣһ𳤴һ˵ңһ׷Ůӣһ¡
ȻѾǳүүÿһͻ̧ܣΪһСȻЩֻǸõı֡
˵ҲǣҪǵõͻڼȡû˵Ԫ˧Ҳ֪ҶһǺһҲ벻ͨΪʲôϷ޵ˣôһֱܱ״̬Լž͵ܶࡣ
Ԫ˧ҲΪԼŵĳ̶ȻҶֻǷʽͬѡ
죬õ˵ȷҶңֻǲ֪ѣԼҲ֪ʱ򣬻ʵȴ˵һ˲Ļ
ҶɻؿŻʵۣҪһ仰
СҶˣһ£иҪ㡣ʵ۶ŻһҶ˵СֵܼǸСܼȫûĻһᡣ
ʵһڽСܼӣҶƺеˣѵ˵
ϣʲô£Сܼӱ֮󣬾ͺֱӵʵ
СҶˣǲһֵĺӡʵ΢΢һЦʻ
аʮġСܼӻش
֪֪װʲôʵ̽Եʵ
֪Сܼҡͷ
ȻȻ㲻֪ΪʲôҪ򡣡ʵЩʵ
ҪܼҡСܼԴǵ˵

ҶҵˣһģСһˣŶͷʾһּȵΣǶµĴ𰸡
ܼңôֹһ£ѵҶҵǮô𣿡Ԫ˧˵ҶСܼҲţֻǽ̶֪ȡ
㵱ǲ룬ֻϲҲûа취ĶоϡŹֵƷֵġҶе˵
ûҪСܼʱʱľͻ򵽼ϡеƷҶҵ˹ҲһӻҲһ£һʮҡ
ֻǣҲп
ûҲ֪СŮľˣ˵ʮµӣֵѾԶԶܵģ㻨һǧǱ˵ġʵ˵
ѵ˵ʼǾںСҶˣүүĺӡԪ˧˵
õģǸүү˭СܼӵͷȻԼ֪үүλ

͡
ϵ˶һЦȻװ࣬ǱȫԼոЦУƺлʵ۵ˡ
ӣүүСʱġסЦСܼһ¡
ʲôʱ򣿡Сܼӻ벻
µʱ򡣡
Ŷ



16 
Ԫ˧ɿȵȿȣˣȲ˵СҶˣĺܸܲǿ
椣ѺӸСܼӺǴ󷽵شӦԭЩǺںȻˣȴ˭ûлر
Ļ˵һܼںЩ
Ԫ˧˷ܵĽӹӣεʱͻȻһôеƵ飬װľȻһӡ
ⲻ뵽һ£ӻ᲻ֺװźӣһֱظȥֱʼǵĳ֡
룬ʼǶѣжӺˡ
ãԭӲģֻȴֳˣҪһЩ򿪣ЩܻѺѡ
ҿвúõŪһԼıʼǣôԪ˧һʱͿڴ
ûӲͨĺӣǰ໨˺ܴѪĴлصĺӣЩҪ֪ʶƽ⣬Ե˵һοԼıʼǱЩ֪˿Ҫ뿴ıʼǾͱϿɵ
ӣ˵Ծ
ڳЩ˾ײ²Ͼͽ˵۹ǿʿƽ⣬Щ˻϶ڸ
Ϊӣ˵עƺˣӶһЩ£СǣСǶܴ󷽣ûȥƽЩֻһ߿ֵˣ
С˲עԼõģԼԾ֡
˵һʱ֮Ҳƽⲻˣʵüеʵ
ǵĻϣҪܸӵܴ򿪣мдĻĻأʼǻٵҪʱоʿ˵
˵ҲǣȻǰĺӣȻô򵥣ǿоĶǱһҪʵ˵
˵ûĶʿҪĶҪκζҪżҪ֪ĵá
ǺǡʿǶʼЦˣеɵЦţɵȴúܶ˶ÿɰɵЦ
ϣðһ䣬ôģʿǿĵɵЦ֮󣬾ͺһ䡣
ҪлǽСǣǵҶСӣҲȥ˵һտְɡʵָŹ㳡߹Ų֪ϷʮСӡ
ʿһʼףǸСܼʲôϵܿһ˵еĳܼӣʲôطӣ˵һǺġ
˵µȷǺ˺˵飬ʵ⼸ÿһʱͻӻ꣬ļǮ޷ܵġ
Щµˣа౾˵˵ϣظ˿ҲϣһԵõ֮ǰ͸¶мκϢ
Ȼһ˵õˣǾͻϹ£Ϊ˷ֹԵûˡ
ҲҺǹ£ȻĻһ˯ڻ椵ĿռѿԵõؼյĻᡣ
Ϊ˴лСܼӵġ͡ʿǹȻΧܿǾͿǵһ⣬ƺҪ͵ʲô
ֻԭǴҴææģʲô׼ģܿ˾뵽һð취
СҶӣףտ֣ûʲô͵ģⱾ顣һʿóһСܼӣΪʿó飬Ȼ顣
飬֪ʶԴȪȻʣȴԶʱҲ˻˵ʵģٶǿԵġ
һ˿ͷһЩҲʼ飬ʱض鼮Ҳظ
Щ˶Ǵ½ʿȻֻ飬ЩҲǺģЩǿġ
ȻСܼӺܲЩôͻȻһԼ飬ȴĽ
ӡҿͻȻСܼӿʿеĺӣ֮гһʱã
ʱ򣬴ҶСܼӵã飬ƺڻǲ֮ǰǸ
˵ǱҪʿǶܾ֪ԭǰСܼӣǻԥŽӵݸСܼӣͬʱСġ
ʲôСܼӿһᣬȻָһʵ
һַϵ󻷻ۣӰΧԱͬʱҲܱ֤Ӳʽ򿪡һǵһμʲôǻҪоһ¡ʿʼרҵĻش
ŶСܼӿźӦ


17 ţ
һᣬʿǵȲסˣ˵ˣСҶǾȥоˣ߹ף
оʲô𣿡СܼӶԴ˺ܲ⡣
棬ɲģҪӣõıʼǡʿ
ʼǣ˵𣿡СܼͻȻһ顣
ţⱾʼǡףԡ㣬㡭ʿָСܼӣ۾þͺһһԾ벻ŵı顣
ʱ˶ͣСܼӾȵ÷κε
мһġ屾屾顣Сܼóһһ飬ڳȻڷ֮С
ȷոûƭǣôѿ𣿡ʵ۵˿ʼɵǶЩʿĻɣǲΪҪһۿʼǣԾƭӿˡ
ǣڳҲ֪΢΢ġ
ʿĵطϵûУûУôƭϣӵĵȷȷҪܶ๦Ҫܶѹزܴ򿪣ֻǡ
ֻǣΪʲôһʮС׵Ĵ򿪣ʵۿСܼӣɻ󣬶һֹŹ֡
ûոǸڶඥʿҲ򲻿ĺӣǵʮСбˣһǺ׵ģȫûκ谭ʲôʱûʱ˲
˶е𾪣Լǲǿˣǰǧȷʵ
˵СӣҲ˵һţʮСȴһ˶磬ôš
ҲһšȻòܣʿԡ
ܣûѧôΣյĶǲӴġֱӾͷܣΪĸף֪Լӵ飬֪ġ
ûү鶼ûһߵĻҲͷ
˵ĻȷţǼϻ椵ĻǾ˺޻ɵţ˭֪Щ껢һֱʮСӵߣʲô
Ȼôܴ򿪣ѵһɺϣСӻܵŮľˣҲ̫ˡʵ۵˿ʼֻۣͣʮС͡
ʱ߹ʵҶˣôӵģ
߹⣬ҲڳͻȻ뵽Լһ߲²ʲô˲ǰֱʾͺˡ
ֻǴȴһ£λ˲һܽ¡
ʲôô򿪣򿪰ʲôѵġϣʮСӵĻشȫ޷顣
ѣ޷͵ġ˿ЦⶫҪǳֵĻʲôⶼס
ֻ
Щҿ϶ûмΪʲôϤĸоСܼӿʼǣ૵Ȼһ˷㶵ľ
ҪѧЩҪ˵գͽ屾ʼԼĿռָУһߵʿҪֹ
СҶӣܸܲոյ屾ǣﻹкܶ飬ǽһ¡ʿһ˵ţһóܶص飬ƽʱóãǲһˡ
СҶЩ֮˵һ˵Ļ
ЩҪˣ

ʿᣬ۹⿴Żʵֻۣϣʵֹܳ취屾ʼù
ʵǲʵҲ취Ϊ֪ҪǷСܼӵУȫûκεãֻнЩʼʿܶԵ۹
֮£ʮСӽʼǣȴֻǽ죬ǿԽʼǶд
ҪˣʼֻǰıʼǣʲôƷֻҪݳдͻһһıʼǡ
⣬ǵʮСģЩ̫ӣȫû뵽򵥵ķ棬ҲڳĺܶΪ֮ա
ʱ򣬽ĹؼǷǳ򵥵ģֻǺܶ˶ȥ룬ֻԽԽӣ⵽ͻԽԽ鷳
ǸСҶӣЩܲȸǣǳ¼һݸ㡭۹ĻʼʿʵȻ֮ǰİ취ǵȻ뵽档
СҶЩ䱾ʵе̫˷ˣҪҪʱҲ˲ԼˣΪԼı鼮ǻȥˡ
ԣʮСӺܸɴشӦֻ仰֮һ仰Ҫ鶼һݣ

С紫˵ǸǳնôС껹Ҫһ㣬ǲװ
ʱܶ˶ڻɣҲֻһʱѣǲһ˿װӣһǴСʼװ
ʵϣʮСҲûװֻƺȱһʲôЩȽЩȴǿ󣬱˵֮ǰǸ⣬˵Ҫѧϰ
һ㣬


18 ðҩ1
ڴ֮ʮСӳһܼ⣬һʿȻѧͽûвμκεĿˣֻڼо
Ҳһܼҵ;˳ȥϣۼ۸ߵģȥ
úܶʿĽЩʼʿе۹ֵ֧ģЩдֵ֧ʿ󲿷ֵʿΪ϶ͷʹżߵûвϵ£һҲǰ״
оŻ˵úãɸΪ֮
֪ʮСǲ֣Ϊǿʽ֧֣ԲĽߣҶ򸾶ú˷ܣҲ͸֧İܼΪ
˵ֻҪԼһɾͣǻٶǮҲνǮܽģ˵ȫ⡣
ֻʮСȻҵⷽĳɾͣ۹ⷴˡΪǰûЩ鲻Ǻԣһ쳤ЩͻԽԽԡ
˵Ӧǲж˸۸Ͼ˵ģһҲµģ͵Ŀνǳţ»ڱⶼʱԡ
һЩˣֶʼɵģʼʮСӣӦýʮˣѾСˣǶʼʮΪʲôôãҶҡ
ܶ˶뷨Ϊʲô׳Ҷң˷ôõԼĻǾܳΪ۹Ķ
ȷúܶ˶ʼɵ裬ֶʼɻתΪԹޣƥﻳҶʮپݾǺ赡
ȻЩ˻һչ˹ذʮ٣һλǻ椣ڵĻҲͤͤӵķɣţֻ˵׶εķԺҪʼһ׶εķֱΪֹ
ӣˣǻ椣ÿ춼żһ飬Щ²˵Ҷ֪϶Χ˵˶ʼɵҶʮ١
Ȼү׼ͣ׼·׼ϴˮ׼
æЩ֮󣬻ʮҲˣźŴ£ϴͷ棬ͣžԺ￴顣
˵飬ʮʲô鶼ῴҪǼģҲ֪ΪʲôԽǾЩеϤ󣬻ЩϣЩϳɹʽ
־е֣ЩֲԼ֪Ķȴ֪Լ֪Ķʲôĸԣ벻ĶȻҲһߣҲֻһߣö֮Ҳϰˣˡ
ʮٿʱ򣬻椻Ժ似ÿҪĹΣ似붷ҶңСͻģӦ˵һͻġ
һУ󲿷ֵ嶼ŴУһܵľͻһɵģеĶǶ似
ȻЩһ㶼ǻҪȡýһĳɼҪȥԼ似ȥձ˵ľ顣
޿ɺǣЩǺܺõģԽҲԽ񣬶ʱҲֻҪѧЩʱҲÿǡ
ڱʮٵ椵Ҳ´֮࣬ͬУʵǺǿģϻ绢һӦ
ҲֻҪԸЩ˾ͿԣҲȥʮ٣˵ǣȻҲͬ˳
ʵҪĻʮٱˣһЩͷʹ飬ͱҪ顣
үڳʲôͻȻʮڳһЩֵĶһЩҩҩ衣
ڳԸðҩʮٻش
ðǲˣȥҽʦ椽ŵ˵
Ҫûðʮ̾ҡͷܾ
ûðΪʲôԸðҩ椲ʵκ˶ףȻûиðΪʲôԸðҩ
ʮٸһ𰸣ûһʱ㶵Ĵ𰸡
ðҩϾ͵ˣ˷ˡʮٺػش

ʲôʲôΪҩҪˣûȥҩ뵽ȫҲֻԼıүŻ顣
үڼԣȵȣ
ү椿ʮټҩϾͷȥЩҪڵҩ
ôҲҪ𣿡ʮٿŻʵ
ԣûػص
ǻǸҰɡʮҪ
УܾȻؽ͵үҩ֮Ķҳԣⲻʳֻ岻ʱܳһ£ȻԳëġ
ʲôëҲͦõ𣿡ʮԼ֤ҳҩʵ⣬Ȼֻ˵ڻ⡣


19 ðҩ2
û£Զ˾ͻ£ѵҪȥԼ֤𣿡椸оԼˡ
Ļ𣿡ʮٶڻ椻һȻ˵ˣǾпġ
ϻģֻŻ㲻״㻹ˡ
ţµģЩڵҩһӵһҩҪڣҲܳԣҩֻʱԣҲҳԡʱǸðȴȥθҩضš
֪ˣҲŲôʮٲм˵ԼԲɵ£ֻǵ׻᲻ᣬͺ˵ˡ
ʱַһ̾Ϣϧֻ̫˷ˡ
˵˷ѻ˵İܼӣô֪˷ôдġ
үԳµһİܼӣ˷һҩ𣿡
ܼǰܼӣܼҲһԲ˷ѵģֻǰܼң˷ѡʮٿʼڹͰܼӣҪѰܼ˷ѻϵȺš
޻˵ˣ˵ȻʮǺܼܰңĲϲ˷Ѷ
ԼүѾóȥˡ
ЦЦȻͼ飬ıүҲһ飬˾µһ졣
ʱ򣬱үʮ꣬ʮꡭ
۶ĻʼѧԺǹ嶼һܽĳߵѧԺ½еڶλȴ顣
ֻ鲢ǻʼѧԺҪһӵڶڵһ˶ǿ϶ģǷĵĿ϶û˿ԺǵһѧԺĵλ
ȻĲǵһǱǻʼѧԺڵĵڶλãûڵĵĶڶǻģץסһлȥȡڶ
ҪôóģʲôȥռϣÿִӶóʵܼ򵥣ֻҪʮһε̨ԿУۺʵڵڼ
Ҳ˵ֻάʮ꣬ʮ˾ͻ½֮νʮӶʮʱˣʮꡣ
̨ԿҲǻϵģͷΪħ似к˲μӵȻҲлԱɣΪŶ
ϵĴ½ѧԺӸʵΪĿ꣬ѧԱʵҲʹѧԺǿ
ֵһǣڶĵѧԺ϶۹ѧԺռţһѧԺȴ۹κһһСܲ۵СңʵҲ˵ҾѧԺѧԺһҡ
ҲΪʲôΪһѧԺԭм˲ٵء
۹еĹ󲿷ҲὫһѧԺΪѡҶңʮٵĸҶԣҲڵһѧԺʮٵĶ㣬һЩֵܽá
ʵʮе⣬ҶҲὫ͵һѧԺڵʼѧԺܵͣҲڻʼѧԺѧԶ˵Ļǲģչ˵
һ£ʮٵС㣬ҲҶܾ꣬ǰһѧԺҪչ˵ܵΪڻʼѧԺѧڵһѧԺҲеٮٮߣڵ۹ĻʼѧԺȻҲŵ
ΪŮӣԼҪҲ̫ߣϲѧ
ȻͬһѧԺÿҲͺȻһѧⲻһĳʮǰڵҶѾŮеΪڶӵ׷Ķ
òոպóƵ϶˷ڻഺٰ
ܵܣѧˡҶֱ߿ԺţȻѾ׼õʮپˣһϵеĶǷǳ죬νһǳɡ
Ŷʮȫϰֳ棬һҶԼ֣һһֻһ鿴š
ԺĻ椿ͬʰռУϿ첽׷ǰܡ
ÿһ죬椶صȥʼѧԺȻʮٵΪ˵ǿԴһ̴֮½ѧԺ飬Ҫѧѡ
Ȼÿ嶼ҶľûС
Ҷҵ˵ʼѧԺ棬˱ʼ·ȥҲǻʼѧԺһأκνͨ߶ý룬ȻĻʼѧԺÿ춼ᷢ³󣬱ϾȫݷǷĹ塣
ÿʱѧԺ֮ⶼۼһȺˣȴ˵ĵȴȻʮ٣Ȼ˶ʼɣϻûеκˣбΧ
ЩȴʮߵˣĽҶС㡣
С㣬ǴӰ񻨵ľŰپʮŶõ壬Ҷİһõǰõȴʼֻˡ
˼Ҳϲõ廨ҶǸ⣬΢Ц˵̬ôĸ߹ᡣ
ȷһҹӦе̬ȣֻλҶСһѵǳ˱ˣ


20 ѧԺ1
㣬ƭˣϲľõ壬ҪһҪ㡣ʮٺܲӵֱӴĻԡ
ûˣǶѾҶϲõ壬õ壬ҲΪ֣ϲɫ
С쵰ٶ죬ھܾˡҶûʮһ£Һֱӵش˵ţһõˣơ
ܾ;ܾΪʲôҪ˵أʮͷʵ
㲻Ҿܾǻǻһͻģΰҵʵ̫ˡͲһˣһû˴Ҷʮһ·Щ׷˦
ÿҪУҲ۵ʮ뻢ûһģͥŲĽУ԰ҲΪÿͣҲ˲鷳ˡ
ŲǣҲкܶ׷ġʮ˵
ģЩСô۹⣬ܷСǱڼֵҶ׷ʵܺ棬֪ʮٵ׷˭ôôˮƽ
ԲҪʮٵЦΪһĽ㣬֪һЩûж˿
ֹС㣬һЩˡʮٽ˵ƺԼ̫СԼˡ
ʲôˣǲЩ̬ˣҪɱǡܵܣ߽㣬Щ˭ҪǱɱ񡣡ŭˣ뵽һõķȥˡ
С㣬㻹˵ɡһߵĻѵʵҶкܴ룬ȥͣΪҶ겻ϲʮڵᣬɱת顣
ҶЩɻ󣬺ܿףмеᣬԼܾܵ˼
ܵܣ˵˵Ƕô׷㡣Ҷʵ
ǾոЩ׷һŶﺰұܡʮ˵ţ⻰Ҷ
һ⻹ǺԼһ
үǶǺʲôʲôһ˵
ΰʣﺰţҶ׳գʲô߰ĶվסܣҪɱ㡣

ҶѾˣԭʮ˵׷׷׷׷ɱ׷ͬʱҲ֪⻰еĶʲô
ЩʮٵĵƷһҩһħʲôǶһص㣬һΣԣʮٵĻͣûɣƷĶȻûаȫԿԡ
ֻǣȻ֪ΣգΪʲôÿλˣǼɹȺܺͬѧǣʮ١
ʮĶƷ֪ΪʲôϡŹֵ뷨ԭһͨʽһЩ󣬾ͱˡ
һ˵ЩǼǿԭĹЧһֹЧҲʧԭȫĶеΣա
⻹ʽ棬ҲһЩЧҲʽ࣬ͬʱҲһɣҲ˵Ǳ˿
ڵͬѧֻ֪һ㣬ʮٵĶǺΣյġ
ʱʮٵĶɱֻһС֣ʱҶùÿο椾ͻʮˡ
ΪʲôûнЩջأʵҲûգʮٵĶ̫ˣǷ
ʱʮԼСİѶΣԸߵͬѧŵùʱҲҷţͬѧҲ͵ùˣֻÿһԼȴ椻ţˡ
һҲǴĵطѧԺѧ飬ҶԷ֪ԷΪɵʧ
ǣƾʲôҶʮÿζܰȻ£ȴһֱأҲһֶʼɣһֶʼ˵̬
ǺҶʮҲͽΪѧԺĹУִֻ򲻹椣ѹ֮£ʹ޷ʮˡ
ˣȥˣʳüܵܣ͹һ㣬ҪֵˡȻ֪ԼܵȥҶ껹һ䣬ͬʱҲû椿ŵ㡣
ҶħѧԺѧҶѧԺ˵ĽҸ˺üٳӽѧ¥˵Ҷ似ѧԺĻ˵һ㣬ǱȽϽӽģѧԺ
ѧԱһΣԣѧԺȻͲ˵ˣΣƷļе㣬ѧԺҲȻıڱԵش
ҲΪԭʹѧԺķǿģҲģѧԺźԵĸ˹Χǽ
Ҳȥ˲ʮٵ鷳Щ˾ΪҲӴʮٵĻᣬһЩ򼵶뷨
ѡһרҵѧԱöҪ˵ͺܶ࣬ȻʼҲУǶǱȽԵģҶģǼ¡
ڵʮȻչ˿ǺģѧԺЩѧԱУȫֵһСɫ
ʮЩЩڻҲͲҵע⡣


21 ѧԺ2
һѧԺͷ֮ǰѧԺƺһ㣬ܴﲢ˵ĺûʼѧԺĽ԰ƣһϸ񣬲ں˱˵
Ϊƽ裬ƺˡ
ѧԺȣѧԺʱһ·϶ˣȴϺԶżһʱһ
ѧԺȻûѧԺĹģ󣬵ȴΪѧԱϡٶúܿտһִƺѧԺʼѧԺĵط
ʼѧԺѧԱ϶ֻ࣬ˣҲģܽʼѧԺ˶֮ôѡһŲӵѧơ
ѧԺһص㣬ǽʦҪѧԱ࣬Ҷܶ࣬ʵҲܺ⣬Щʦ󲿷ûʼѧԺԴ֤ԼĲϿɲͨ˿ĵ
ʼѧԺҲϲʦгɼĶᱻΪʼʿǽʦЩѧԱҲˡ
ΪһԭʹѧԺʷѧԱҲУʱѧԱ¼һֱơ
ȻʮǲЩѧԱЩѧԱʵҸ㼼ʮٵİѧԺΨһ༶ѧԱΪʮһŮŸҲʷŮһΡ
ڻʼѧԺУħѧԺŮ似ѧԺΣѧԺ٣Ҳ٣ѧԺħѧԺһŮ
棬ʮٵŸŮͬѧУݶУᣬʲ񻷵ַʣķ֣ǸС̵Ůͬѧ㹻ռŮİڽɽ
ȻŮҲеģ𷢱۵ɳеĴһЩרҵɫǣŮԼңǵĻ˵ɳ֮󣬽Ϊ޲ɷԸ
ڰŮǵĻ˵һЩʵŮӣһ»ǺܲģСһļƷ
ʮȴȽϲС̣Ϊ׷ɱֻ֪׷ɱΪ֪Լ׷ϡ
ʮ뻢̤ǿĽ֮ʱԭ۵̾ͣ˶ʮ٣Ľңһŵλá
ۡ
Ǹˣ̾վȻƵҵһ룬ʮ֮ľжԶжԶֿʼŸԵ뷨ƺոûзκһ㡣
ʮҲûоʲôֻó鿴ţ鿴ƺһȻעóʲôЩֵĶǾҪˡ
ȻĻǾͿʱˣҶ֪ʱģκζͰĵȥˡ
ʮ٣۶һޣЩ뷨ץûлϿɣҲ޷ۡ
ܿϿʱ䵽ˣһǵİർʦˣһʼѧѧԺѧԱǿκһʦΪǵĵʦǻһർʦǣϾѧԱȥҵʦġ
Ҳ˵ЩѧԱҲԸĵʦЩʦĸ֮ʲô˶ģ˵֮ϻ֮˵ʮ͵ģǾ;Բˡ
˵ʮֻ޶۵ĻǵԸҶ׹ϵһܵõܶѵĲϣⲻѧԺĿ
ֻǣڣҶʮٵʵ޷ȥû˿Ըָ·Ҫĵʦ³
Ҫľʽ󣬶ǰѪ˵ıƲһҪЩŪ졣ǰർʦĿס
ʽǼ临ӵһ֪ʶҲյģмЧǧ򻯣ҪԼȥԡ˵ͼ򵥶ˣȫһЩ󹹳ɣʿɷΪת󣬰ЧԷΪָȡ
תָһʵת״̬ת˵򵥵һ󡣶ǽֻϲͬʺϳתһʡͬвͬЧҲҪǵĳԡ
ർʦ˵ţЩѧԱҲͶԿͣһһƺǹ̨ʣѾ
Щÿ춼˵һ飬˼ףҪҪÿ췴ȥЩѧƣֻлǿӲǲĳԣлﵽĶ塣һ죬ǻᷢھõĻ֪ʶһֱ׷ģǽĹؼ
ർʦид˵ƺҲͬѧǵķӦȻǼһϰߣÿ춼˵һףȫһĿס
Žļʮһգ


22 ѧԺ3
ȿȣˣʼʽϿΣʲôʾʡർʦɿȼ˵
½ѧԺŲһĽѧʽΪܵħ似ѧӰ죬ٽһЩ󣬶ѧԱԼȥоѧϰȻʵĻڿ
似ħʦп˵Ķ˽һЩ֪ʶ⣬Ҳ̲ĶֻһԼУһ߸ָ
˻ãΪʲôɴ಻ʦԼһȥУȻǿԣôʦ𣿾УҲһʦָ㡣
ѧԺͲͬˣǵôʦָһЩͬѧȥ֤Լ似ħ
ʦָһͬѧͬʱҲͬѧһЩҲ˵ڿϵЩ⣬༶ѧԱ棬ûʣÿξͶû塣
ȻʱҲ˵һԼһЩ顣
ˣڰർʦһ˵ʣ˾ʾҪʡ
ҡһλͬѧ֣̾Ҫʡ
ֻǣർʦڿλͬѧ֮üȻее˵ǸҶͬѧ¿Ժ󵥶о˵⡣
ھѪĽѵ֮ûһʦڿ֮ϽҶͬѧ⣬ûκΰԻ϶ѡκ̸̸ܲһ¡
ŶҶͬѧƺϰˣ֣Ȼһ߿ź飬һͬѧǵർʦĽ
ܿһȥˣмĿμϢ϶¿ʱĵҲŽ֪ʶѾ緹󣬾޿λʵΡ
ѧԺİžϽ̵ۣɻϲо۵ĿԼоϲȥʵ֪ʶģȥʵս
Ҷͬѧർʦ¿֮󣬶˵ֱˣͺһģҲʱȥҰർʦоĴ㣬˯ʵĻǰʳãȥĽ㹲͡
椶Ǻܲðүεʱ˯ڿͼݽ似鼮
£Ҷͬѧûȥ似ѧԺѧԺܰȫԼҲչԼҪţ붼û;ܾˣģȥ似ѧԺĻѧԺҲûˡ
һ˵壬Ҳ뿪ү벽
Ǿ޴ֻУ԰椵ĿʼΪʱܵϮʱΨһл˽Ӵʮٵʱ
Ⲣ죬ÿ춼ţ󲿷ֱҶ굲סʱܲɻᱻϮҺЩ˴ŵЦʵϮ
ţʮ˵ЩȫǲֵһᣬȻҶ˵Ͳһˣᷢ쭣Щúѿ
СĴʮ椾һӶһмҲûй֮ӣѧУҪһ˼ʼѧԺ˶ֻһݣǾѧԱ½Ŷô߹Ҳãһͬʡ
ȻΪѧԺ뿴ЩСΪ⣬һЩҪĳͻ
椣ҶӶˣȥö԰ɡٹ֮ʮٿʼˡ
ٵһᣬСôûƽʱӦˡ椿ſЩɻ˵š
ûҶ֮ǰǲȥʳΪʮһţ֪ᷢʲô£ҲҴʮٹȥʳмҪ̫̫Ⱥ
ڵȣҶҶڣҲͿԷģǽҶƺʲô飬ٳδ
ʱֹȥһᣬҲҶǵˣϹ˲ˬĵ飬ԶһŮӣʮٵ£Ҷ෴Ů϶Цƺĵ顣
Σ˺뵽飬᲻ͬһ¡
ǵģ椿Կ϶ͬһ£ŮӲǱˣḶ́۹ĵ߹
ԴǼ֮Ǿîˣܶһˣһ϶ˬ֮Ȼ
ʱҲˣԭײһˣֲûôŹ
ңҪҵܵܡܵܣ˵ȻԺ㡣ҶźŮһ䣬Ͷʮٷ档
ŲͿԣǰɣҶˡ߹ЦҲҶ˵һ䡣
Ů֮Ļҩζʮ㰡ʮ˵һĻͻһսţСģġ
ʮȴŮȫֱ֮ӶԻ˵椣ȥʳҶˡ



23 ѧԺ4
С㣬ǿүȥһʳոȾˣˡ椶һ䣬Ȼȥмʳ
ʽĲеʳˮṩöپö٣ǰܳԵ꣬һ˷ѡ
Ū㣬ȥѧԺҪµһѧԺҪȥûʸ񡣡ڻߺҶǲˬض߹˵ƺˣԼҲһûȥ
㻹һʲôʸ˵ҡ߹ֱ˵
ҲһҪչҵĵܵܣ˵ҾûֱһԳΪħʦ
ҲһҪչδҲûֱҲһԳΪħʦ
㡭
ǳʲôǶһΪʲôÿζҪʮٴŮһܲףŮ֮ûͻԣĿĶ
Ҫ˵㲻ҶʼҵҲ㲻ΪʲôᳳѵΪһ˸۶ԷģƺҲӦ
Ϊ츳⣬߹ǻ𣬶ҶǺϡеˮϵıԣǼ̳ԣĸֵܽо̳һϡеԡ
Ǳ˴˲ݡ
˭һ¡Ůͬ˵
ŶȳԷˡʮֻŶһȻոջûʳڴڵĳ
ߡŮһۣȻҲų
Щεҡҡͷе̾ԼүôйŹֵ˳֣СƢѾˣڻһֵ߹
Ҳ֪߹ϲүһ㣬ȻϲϲԼıүһ
ԱˣȥˣҶʮĶӲ죬Ȼ뿪Ҳһ»ϸʵŮǣȻⲻ椣ֻǻ椵ʳٶҲһ㡣
үǲ죬ȥԵð˷ֱҲˡ
˷ֱǻ壬һ˳Լˡ
С쵰һҡҶܲˬغʮҲȵԼ뿪Ϊܲˬ
ȻҲ֪ԼܵһˣǻǺܲˬ
仰û˵꣬һ鷢ˣԭӦнˣһĿʼˡ
ǸʱҶʮٵлһƿ֭ϲźȣ飬ֻǽΪһĻ档
ʱ˿Ҷʮ١䵥лɳˣһֺܳ˰취ϮҶʮ٣ְ취Ƚ˰
׾Ҷʮٺ׾ˣڵأһܵĽӴеĹ֭Ҳ˳˳ȥ

ʹʹ
ү
ܵܣ
Ҷˣ
һöľУʮٵĽʹлŮĹнͬʱ쳹
漸ΨǰһöУƺôһɻ˭ġ
һʮİŮһ׵ľСɫĳѩһ𪣬˵۾ֳԱĸо
ŮվҶʮٵǰ棬ľвΪҶʮͻȻǰΪǰĹ֭ûˣЩ֭Ҷʮٵġ
ԭѩһŮھͶһɫ֭ɫƻ˵оͬʱƻİɫȹ
ŮüͷѾļ󣬵ֱ˵ըˡ
үû°ɡ椸Ҷʮ
Ӻʹɫڿ㣬椣ȫǰɫģܺÿҶʮű˵ţƽ˵һƽ顣
涼ˡ
ʱ򣬰Ҷʮٵ˿ʼڣԼΪʲôҪС׳գ޲ñԼ뷨ȫͬѧôһ㡣
ˣܵܣôʲô˵˼ҵڿҲҪֱ˵
ʱҶ꽫ԭ׼ͷŵħ˻£ǸҶʮٵˣ䶳һᡣ
ǺǣλС㣬ԲҵܵǸ͵ڿ㣬ֻǱ˰Ҷ׼Ůû֮ǰ併ֻĻƺҲźܴ⣬Ȼٴѿڿ¼
ǲ˵߹˵Ҷһ䣬ȻȥŮ̸˼ܶ˵ҶǱ˰Żе벻ҪҶˣ˵Բ𡣡
ŶԲ𡣡ҶʮٻǺܳʵģȻǱ˰ΪԼһ֭ҲǴģҲҪһǸ
һ䱻һԲ𣬾Ϳ԰дĨȥ𣿡Ů˪˵ţǲܵǸ


24 ѧԺ5
ҪҶЩ˵ʵΪԼܼܵȻ˵˱Ǹ͵ýܡ
Ҷ̬Ůŭһ㣬ԭͺˣ˹֭˵˸͵ȹף˵
һжŮŭﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣھ͸һ¥ˣΪŭͷԵ£˵һڽܳʱﶼеûڵĻ
ߣôЩɾҾˡ
ǲǣҾͳȫ㣡ܵܡҶ˵ͬģ߹뻢Ҳ÷߿Ϊһֺܳ׵衣
ʵŮ˵⻰֮ҲһڣԼӦ˵ֻûüϸôʱ򣬷һôҲ벻顣
ŮľС
˵ĳͣؿǰĻ档
һССͷһŮ׵ӣŮ¶־ȡͱ顣
ɾȷһ˵Ļʲôźܶ˶ûҲȥ
ǣǰҶʮȴһˣˣҺרġ
Ůеϵʪ󣬸еϵϴȫ
㡭㡭ŮγѣƿרԼҶʮ٣һԼ֧˵
ô˵أ˵ҶʮٴͥµϷŮò˼ԼҪġ
ʱҶʮٻ˵һ仰øӵĹ죺ƿôϻкܶࡣ
仰ôҶע⵽Ůϣ·ϵЩ֭ۼǰЩԵƺرԡ
򣡡Ůһ˫ֻǰ
Ĭ
ܵܣģҶЦˣԭҪѵһŮڲˣΪܵܵΪʲôĽѵҪá
͡߹̲סЦ
ڳЩͬѧǣڸǺ޲ԼҶʮٵλϣͬʱҲģԺĸŮҪԼĻԼԲԥ
ڳŮȴԼͬһԺԲ˵ȻҶʮˣͷˣռ˱ˡ
Ҳһ󣬻ʼѧԺĽ֭ŮŮһǳ
ߣŮݺݵĶ˶ţȻټߺӣͷ˳ȥ
ܰϵĻУʵ򣬿תŪҶʮں溰ԽǺŮܵԽ졣
Ŀ԰椣˵ġ
ү
ˣ¾͵ΪֹܵܣԺ˽ʲôʲôЩ˾ͲˡҶЦ˳ĵܵܡ
ǣδôŮӡ߹Ҳ˵˸ССЦ
Ժֻ㡣Ҷʮٺصͷ˵
߹˵ˡ
ˣոŮ˭ΪʲôҴûҲû˵ˡҶЩɻʵ
ոǸŮӣɫʣӦûѧԺ֪ôû˵
֪Ҳûˣˣһʱ䣬밬۹ѧԺУʽǱߺһѧԱܾǵġ߹²
ûѧԺģݿɲˣǡһϢͨʿ˵ţֻû˵ԷݣҶʮѾܵˣҲͲ֪ǸѩһŮ˭
ʵˣҲһܼǵסӦ˵ϣԺҲټĻᡣ
ʵҲǣν֮ǸŮͻѧԺҷһӶյ۹۶ʼѧԺĳˣ
ҪǣҪĳ˸ǣ
˵һܻЩҪǣֻǣж˿ǣ
󣬻ʼѧԺһϵеȤζΪѧԺĽԱеģӭӵͬʱҲΪͣΪٹǾͻ뿪
ⳡҶʮûвμӣûʸ֮ǰԤѡУе⣬ȴϰΪĽʤˡ
ǵĲȶԣѧԺʱ٣ȥˡ
ȻˣⳡԤѡҲ²СĻ⣬ںܳһʱʱҶʮ١Ծˣ棬˴һõЦ
ҲǺڵģ뾡취ҶʮٲμӻģʮٵԸôȥμĻչĻǻȥֻǲձݡʴ֮Ķ


25 Ի1
ǵĿľΪʮѿΪ֮ǰǸѩ֮ŮʵֻǽⷢӣҪ˵˶ʼɵʮ١
ΪǾûʴ֮Ļʮѿģԣʮ˵ԼȥݲգǾ취Ūʴȥ
ԴˣһߵĻֻЦЦûֹ˼ҪϷνĿϷ˵ȫ෴ǿʮٱΪѣǿԷЩҪʮٵˡ
ˣʮȻܱļȴǷСͲȫ飬Դ֪ʶԣѧԺѧԱǵڶĻûеһˡ
ֻº֪˻Ҷ֪֪꣬ʶǿϾѧġ
ʼʱʮԵһĳɼңңȵڶλúܶ˶۾
˻ǲףԣʵɿݣһúܶ˶е˻ãȻһҹϵİ׳ɵϣһ޷ܡ
ǣʣδ̭ģʼʮ־սڵڶغҲջغУǿʼһЩΪţ֪һЩ
غϵĹأɲμ⣬Ȼ˭ܽ࣬˭Ӯ
ֻЩʱ򣬶ǰǵϰߣһЩ֪ʶ⣬ԣҲãʮҲл֪
һʮٴ⣬Ҳ⣬ٵһ𲻳ƲԤѡĳɼ˵ʮҲԿΧȥμ֮Ļ
ȻΪ⣬һǼİ취㣬ǿδˣǵⱻ˴ٵǸ
ʱ򣬴Ҿ˵ķ֣ʮٵûһ˿ԻشȷģҲرѵĿκһ˶Իشȴûһ˴ԡ
ģ˵һɵ·ϣһҺһңɵϻýһң
˻شȻǽңɵҲ֪ýңе˻شңΪɵϲ֪
ȻǽҺȫãɵ϶֪ȫãǱɵϻҪɵϣʮ𰸵ʱЩ˵Ҫѿжѿ޲Ҹضȥ
˵һ㣬ǱһΪɵ˵ʵԽܡ
ʱѾʼЦһƬȻǸոҲһڽѡһǱϾûѡǾͿ˳Цš
ʵƵҲΣֻһֱûȥע⣬ֻǴɣΪһΪˣʮСˣ˲֪ٴΣһܽѵǰͺ̵
үոյе󵼱ˣʻþֻѡһºЦ˵
𣿡ʮ룬Ȼ˵û˵ֻѡһԶѡİ𰸲˵֪ұҪ򵥵⣬ôôء

ȵգһʱ˵ʲôʱͻ죬ձܲ
һʮΪͻȻ޷ؼңֻڻʹ֮УǸʱ֮дһ罫˺
ҶˣҺһ˯߹Ц˵
¿ԣ˯һǻûн顣ʮ˵
ʲôϵģڻСֲʲô£˯һǰǾ˯һ𣿡߹Ц˵ȻֻڵЦѣҪʮ˯һ
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ǻأ߹Цʵ֪ǰܳһʱʮ뻢˯һŴϣǸʱ˻СҲʲô⡣
ǸʱҪһûˣʱŻҡʮٻصʮ֮ͷִʮҪչ˵ʱ˯һߡ
˵椣е㲻ڼϢΪʮǱ߹Խӹģŵչ˺ʮ٣ǿʹ档
߹Ҳûʮȥ棬ȥ֣ȥɽˮȻҲȥʹҶңʲô椶ʮٵߡ
е⣬Ϊһ⣬ʹý췢һӦ÷⣬ûԺ󶼲ʮ뿪Լ벽
Ҷˣϴˣֵˡ߹ŵ˯£ëԼеʪ㷢Ǳˮѩ׼ԵʮֵˣӵֻŮоʮٿԿõ
ʮٻ϶ӣǰʮֵȻ
ףأ
ϴ֮󣬾ֵʮ٣ȴʮٵӰ


26 Ի2
Ҷˣˣ߹ʼڷѰţֻôҲҲѵ淢ϲԣ滹Ŵꡣ
ҶүôûʲôŮ߳ԭҪҶ˽źϴ裬ֹѰʲô
ҶˣҶ֪ȥˣǿæңո˭ġ߹еż˵
ǺźԡûҶүǰ̩Ůشе
ǵģǰ̩ǶϰˣոҲһ˿֪ȥˣÿ䶼ҡ߹üͷ˵ͬʱҲȥȷһԼȥ²ۣſڡ
ûпҶǸ߹ƿţſڵ
ˣǰһܳȥˡشʱƺڣɫʼеˡ
ʲôһܳȥˣǾһܳȥ߹ŭ
ǻΪҪؼҡеСػشƽʱʱҶʮ߾ߣǷǳɣĳȥҲ
ֻǸʱƽʱƽʱʱһֱһ椣ոȴһˣڡ
ؼңһܻؼֲǲ֪˲һһһ˻ؼ𣿶ңʱ꣬סϸȥ׷߹ŭţûгֹ̬ȣǰ㷢ٴ飬ƽضԴ
УҲҪȥ߹Ҫֱӳȥֻˣֻһ˯¶ѣȥǽΪһ粨
ҺãʱһŮֿ죬߹ס˵ȥȥҶүͿԣֻҪϢͿԡ
֣Ҳ֪汻ˣģˣ˵ýΪʲôҪߣ߹㲻ҶʮΪʲôҪ뿪
˵֪Ҷʮ뿪ɣһᱻΣʮǱǰ׳գһͷβɵϡ
Ҫ߻椣˵ҽȥˣסŵļʮ뿪Լ˵һ仰
ûкͻ椷ֿһ춼ûУ׼ȷӦ˵ûгһʱ˵ҪֿһϣҪסڻʹȴڼ
֪һᵣԼΪ˲ģҪȥһԼסڻʹõġ
ֻǣܻȥ֪ͨĻҲͲסڻʹ椻ðȥ
Դˣȥ룬ֻ֪ԼûΪԼģ֪Ӵ磬Ҫȥ߻椣Ҫġ
ʮ֮£ڻʹ֮бţûһȥΪҶ֪˭ʹûʲôطȥĵط
ʮܳ˻ʹҶլȥʵҶլʹҲ̫ԶȨڵȻҲڻʹĸԼϳͬʱҲʵھӡ
Ȼ̫Զ˵ܽʮҪܻؼңҪʮӣһֱȥĻ
ǸʱʮһɡһѺɡõǽ˿֯ɵĲɣǼҲģܼӦõһɡһΰܼµġ
ֻǣһɡкܴļʱУֱűƶ
ĸƺܸӣһ绪ظʮٵɡ
¡

ʮȫһֵ⣬ҽһȻ͵ȫˮĴ֮ϣһ˲䣬·𿴵һĵĴҴܡ
ǸʱʮٺеһֵȫǴ̼ԼĴԣⲻĵȻΪģоⲢ֣һֺĵһ˵ĸо
ʲôʮûü룬ѾȻ֮С

ҵˣҶүڵϣôе㽹ζѵѵոǵϣһȺʼڴ֮ϣȿǰǻɡȻǿǱʮ٣һб
ɾͷе㷢ڲһ㽹ζƤ·Ҳˡ
𣿿ˣһʱ䶼뷨ˣòƴʼͼ͡
ǣڳĻʼȴһ˲ðһ뷨
ûţȻ鷳ʹˣ
ûҶʮڹˣԼһȺ˾ͻ꣬Ȼڻܻᵹù


27 Ի3
ʼһǺְܿ
죬ϻع֪ͨȺʼҽʦˮϵϵĻָħʦҲйлʼʿƵְҵȫҪŹҪǳʲô£Ƕд鷳
У֪ͨҶң߹

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豭˵ϣĴɢ
˵ʲôСˣδƺţȷϵ
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Ҷ򸾱˴ʮƵĵطͿʵһ۵߹ʵҲǣ֪̽ǡ
Σܽȥ𣿡ʵûпԼ֮ǰǷŲġ
ڻУ治̫ˣơˣЩʼҽʦʦʦӹˣһԾȻʵ΢΢һЦƺҪƵա
⵽ô£Ϊʲôһ˻ȥھ֮Ϳʼʡ
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̩šҲʱƽʱʱС˶֣Թڼ᱿ֱŵչ
˵椵ʱеʧ˵ţ˵뵽Լչ˷ʽ;ҪЦֻʱôЦó
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УҲȫֱˡ
ҲֹܹѾ˵Ҷ˹ˣҲͷˣ֪ΪʲôܻȥˡһߵŮӻ뿴Լί
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ţ֪ˡ
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ʮϢãǶʱֻҪû£飬Ҳ취
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Ҳ֪Ϊʲôԭúõģ֪Ϊʲôһ뿪߹ҡͷ˵
ҲΪʲô뿪Ӧøչ˺ͲҪӦң椵Įʲô£һŹ㣡
⻰ǲ̫ˣô˵棬һŮˣһ۹˵ƺ˾е졣
м䣬лʵڣƺһҲѵ۹
Щõ۹ĻʵüЩ˾ȣЩ˷ŭΨ߹ˣòʮ뻢椵Ĳ
󵨣㵱Լʲôˣ͹˵ŮŭǵֻһŮūʮСôҲı䲻ʵһŮūȻ͵۹а壬ΪŮȻȻ


28 Ի4
죬ҳĻҾͰӳȥУҪˣֻΪү˭޹أݶ߹Ҳã벻ҪүܵҪ˺ȻһǸۡȫȴ벽ϣû˿˰벽
޿֣Ϊţη
֮󣬴Ҷ֪Ҷʮپǻ椵ۣ˭ˣʼңҲҶҡ
Ҳ˿ʼȥ²һ˵⣬Ǿǹڻ椵Ϊֹ⣬϶֪˵Ϣ
һص壬Ȼûнʽĵ۹Բʽڣǵʵȴȫκһ۹й֮޲
Ȼָǵʵ£ǶǸΪ߸ɴֻһΪһ䣬ļ䣬󲿷ֻһ壬ϾеĴ塣
Ȼ֮ʱҲìܣҲսֵʱ򣬾ͻֵȫ
嵹Ǻ񣬶ǸΪͬǣǴеǰҲܻսѣǱĹұ֣ĹֻһԹۣǵִݺĵز
Уһ֧壬ǳӴ󣬶ǻϻͺһ˾ĺ壬ǵʵһ¥
椣ǻеҪĻǾ;ʸ˵
һ۹Ĺһ۹˵ֺֹһʮʮֹ
Ȼ˵ǵ۹Ĺһл岿ҪҪٿ൱
˵ˣ˲һݵλôأǵʵҪġֻҪʵǿͻǲ֮еҪ
Ȼˣ椴СѾʮСһҲ˵ԸʵΪҪ
ǾпǼʵһʵǿҲһ˵ϴвͬĹ⻷˲ҲһеĹ
ݣ
Ȼǲ²ѣ椿ʲôǣĸԲκˣκεݣ
Ͼ֮Уܶ嶼ǷǳѪģ²ῼǺֻȥΪӦȥ飬Ҳֱǰ
еĴҪһֱкıߣǵսƶǳսκεתء

ȥˣʮڴϼ˯ţûļ˿ʼе㽹ˣ뵽ǲǾһڴϣһ˵뷨˭ڿһҹûѹ뷨
ʮѾҶңԼĴϣ֮ǾͰת˻һֱʮٵߣ˯ֻſڴϣһĸ׵ģֻǼ죬Ȼͽɻչˡ
ÿһͻֱҹ˲Żط˯ÿ춼ˣͬģҶꡣ
ڰʱҶû΢Ϣһ£ȥϴ֮ģʱʮٽš
һʼʱ򣬻椾ܾˣǺûپܾΪ֪һ־սԼ۵Լ۵ˣָôȥչԼү
߹Ҳÿ춼ʮ٣һǰ졣
һ죬椣Ҷ꣬߹ĸŮ˶һʮ٣ڴڴ۾Լڴ˵Щɵ
ʱΪ̫ڴʮٵһЩСϲֻÿһξϲ󣬾ͻʧһΣһδεʧƣ
죬֪ʲôĸо
ͻȻʮٵֶһ£ֵĻһ£̿ʮ٣ʮʱûжһθеʧΪһһ
ֻһξԲǺĶһξԺһ
Ϊһ̣ʮͻȻ۾һһ仰Ȼ仰ôҸ㲻ʲô˼һ˭ܣĸŮ˶ϲʮ٣ʮٵǳԻ
ʮٵһ䵽ʲôڳĸŮ˵һ⣬ҲܲʮԸһ仰
죬ӲŸոճأ㲻ô¡ػӭôһǣ
죿ǣոճأЩʲô
ʮСӵԴѵǱ׸ˣ
˵йľйΣڻڼ䣬˭֪ЩʲôΣ



29 ںϣ1
Ҷʮٵķ䣬һƬѰ֮ȴ
үˣҺõ㣡椵ϲͬʱҲһδйĿǻ
˭ʮԻؿűԼĸŮˣһ̣ƺʶǰ⼸ҪŮˡ
ĬĸŮ˷ſʮ٣۾ʮ١
ү㲻ʶ𣿡
ӣ㲻ǵ𣿡

ĸŮ׷ʣҪȥסĻʼҽʦǿô£ΪʲôʮٺʧˣѵΪԭļϵͳִ
ǡ
ʮٿĸŮˣиеһֵһζεĻ桭
ʮٱͷһ˺ѷεʹະۣȻһ˹ȥ
үү
ӡ
ܵܡ
Ҷˡ
ĸͬʱһȥ
ܿ죬ʼҽʦˣ˽֮󣬾ϸʮٽΣŽ份ѡ
һΣʮӦ˻ʼҽʦĻѣѹٴ۾лһããܿʧˡ
ǡʮٿŻ椵ˡ
үڲ룬㲻ǵǾͲǵãûϵԺ롣˵ʮٻһλԣһξʹࡣ
ɵ椣үôܲǵ㣬ոֻеҡʮ΢΢һЦᣬȻһε˵ĸоһˡ
ʮٵĸоƺеˡ
ǵǣûʧ䣿椴ʵ
Ȼûʧ䡣ҵĹԹԻ椣ഺ޵е裬ûεĽ㣬߹ʮ΢Ц˵һһָڳˡ
ʱ򣬴ƺûע⵽ʮٿж߹ĳƺȫˣǰš
ʱҶڸţʮûʧȥ䣬һЩ鶼ǸʱԵĺˡ
̫ˣˣҺүˡ椱ʮ٣лһĺ¡
һɵ椣ҾˣҲ㡣ʮЦ˵ֻǣ仰̼ڳŮˡ
˵ʲôҶŮʵҶһŤʮٵһֻ䡣
С˵С쵰㣩ǰۣˣһһͬʱŭ
ǸҴˣҸո˵Լ˭Ҳǡʮ˵
ߣ㣡ͬʱ˵Ȼرʮ٣Ҳ֪ôģһʮĴкôܱô˱š
Ҷˣ㻹ǲǵãΪʲôҪؼң߹ҶˣͺʵҲǴҪ֪ġ
һ£Ҫ֪ͨ椣˵ҪĹҹΪꡣʮе㲻˼˵
ĬڳеЦãܻȥͲҹˣɵҲֻó
ڹһ֮󣬻ʵүǲҵģܸом˼Ͼʮһô꣬ʲôҲȽ˽⡣
ǵġʮٵͷϵ
ү汿Ȼ˵ȴеޱȵůǰЩ඼ȫֵһᡣ
ǰǱһ֪ܶ£ȴˣȻҲᱻҲᡭʮЦ˵˵ûмˡ
Ҷû˵ˣһףԣܵܣ˵Ļôֵֹģǰĸоȫһˡ
԰ҸոҲе֣С˵Ļ˵ĸоʲôоӻͬҲɻ
ţҲĸо߹Ҳһ
˵˵ĻҲоʮٵı仯⼸Ůˣһʱ֮ûзӦúҲԾ
ǵĴһʮ˵
椿ʮ٣Ȼ򵥵˵һ仰үˣ
ûָоǰϲ˵ɵǽĻȫоɵ˵ԼǰµĻһɵ˵Ļ
ܵܣѵ㱻һ£ˣҶʮٵԴɻʵ
ʮٳĬҶ仰ȷǺܷʵ
ʮٱҶˣǸھзѧ˶ȴֺܵùıһŰѵһУӶڵҷ𣬻ΪǰǿҡԸ֮£ȻĳΪһȨƵİܼӣһֱӻһֱܼҡ


30 ںϣ2
ֻҶȻתɹˣҲҵһԸе˼ңļ䲢ûȫ򿪣ƺҲһ֣ʹתġ
ҲһתĴۣ˵һУһжǴ¿ʼ
ûлԵĻҲͻһӣһҲӵ꣬Ǻˣʮαһ£ԭֿ꣬ٴںˡ
ڵʮپҶˣӵԼԭ䣬ͬʱҲӵڵģΪҲ飬Ǽ̳˱˵ļ䣬ȷȷʵʵԼᡣ
ֶᣬתоԼ뻢椣Ҷ֮꣬ĸ飬Լһ޷ǵĸ飬Ⲣǿ¡
ҲܽʮԭΪʲôչһֱûȥĴԻȴͬѰΪȱٵôһꡣ
Ѿڲǰĳնһˣһӵˣȱ˶һ־飬Ҳһ͸
㣬ҲˡҶһЦ˵
ȻǱѩʹˡȵȣ⻰ʲô˼˵ǰܱ𣿡Ҷ껹ڽԺͻȻֻϵЦ⣬ϾҶе˼
ûУôܣô˵ұѩĽ㡣ҶҡͷϣװһɵѾʮ꣬ʮ
㡭װɵҶǰǲװġҶûһҶˣӣϲҾϲɵɵӡ˵꣬ͱҶˣС
ţҲǰȽϿɰ߹һ˵
һʲôӣ趼ϲЦ˵ĸǲԼĶӵŻǰ׳ա
ҶɵˣҪȻԺװɵ㶣ǾͰѸոյǺˡ
ȻҪɵҾɵǿʱ˭ܲ˭
ʵװɵҲģ֮ǰҶҲԼװȥȴƽ޹˵ɵӿⲻв𣿾װװͨˣװʲô׳ա
˵ˣڳĸŮˣƭǰװȻЩǿԱÿ˶Լܡ
ǾͲˣ޶˶˵˵ɵʲôҲһţֻҪͨ˵Ϳԡ˵һůС
ţӦ޹أͨˡҶ˫֮У¶һָдһӵֻͨˣһӾҪͨ˶ѡ
ҶʱͻȻһĪľҲͨ˻һ㣬Լ˵Ѿһܵ顣
ҶҵļƣһͨͨĳԱܻһͨˣοԼòƻǵ˵ӣҶҺĲֵһӡ
ôʲôأݣܽԼ棬ԼҪʲôȻǿʲô
Ҷ˦˦ͷԼЩ߰뷨˦Ȼ˵ҪĿ꣬Ŀ꣬ڳĸŮ˶ܣǳ׵
ԺҪһͨİܼӣ
˵ףҪܼӣҪܼҵĵ·ȥһҪ󣬹ҫ桭
ҫ棬ҲֻŻãܼҵΪԹҫģһΪֻҶҵôӷĹ
ֻİܼʱ˼ϣҲеǳơ
ǰ˵ɣ椾һΰܼҵĽһΰܼеģ׬һΡ
椣ӽ쿪ʼһ˯ֱҶˣڳŮŪһƺлֻʱûȥϸ
ڲ֮ŮƺҲˣԭû˵Ļǡ
С˵ȻǱ˰֪ҪĻ˯Դ˵Ȼ⣬Ҷ˵ŮūҲһֱȽ
֪̩ţͲҪ㣬ߣҶеԴףԴҲǲֹϻ΢Ц
Ҷˣ㾹Ȼҵҵ棬ҪŮ˺˯飡߹ŭ⣬ǣŭ˭֪Ǽװġ
ʲô飬ǻûءҶ˾
ǳ顣߹Ц˵
㣬顣ҶһҲµӡ
㡭ߡ߹Ϊ֮ᡣ
ڻ椶Ļشֻ֣Ǿǡ
õģ
ʮѣ˯һҲûж⣬ֻĳ˻ôǲֻǼ򵥵û˯ߣĿģ
˵ҲȺõȺ壿ϾѾһˣϣӦǵġ
ЩĴ𰸾ǣʵڽһʱҶȻÿ춼ŻͬȴǱţûκĶȻϵȻӦ㡣


31 ںϣ3
֮һϣ椴ǰ˯֮еҶˣ¶һֵ΢ЦҸ˭Ҳ˵壬Լ֪ԼЦ
椵СβҡҡҶ˵ϻһ£ССĵһ¡
ͿʼҶ˵ĻСĻѣȻ֪˯ʱ򣬾һôжвѣԼѹ
ãϢʱ仹ȶұ׼ʮ˯ͻ𴲡
һ׼֮ĶͿʼԺ䣬ǰͬǣڵʽе仯ˡ
Ȼһͷ񣬴󿪴ϣмȴ˼˿ϸ΢ᾢᾢʽøӵԲǵû˾С˾øӸ
ֽ߼˵·߲ʺϻ椣ȻǱϾŮӣԸ֮Ҳһ棬˴һ֮á
֮Ҳôһ㣬ǸֵĻͿеİأֻû椵ʽ̫ˣǻŮˡ
һ㣬ǻͻȻ֮ģиָ㣬˱ĳֱˣȻûȫ似ȴо似ǿ㣬һ۾ܿ˵ȱ㡣
뻢һôãͶ似Ĳ죬ȱŵ㶼ָƣϾͿʼʵԵָ
飬ȷ½似ǿ󣬲Ӧ˵ǷǳǿôĴ뾫ǵ似չһˮƽҪֱе书޵£Ǿһ׵顣
ʵκһҪ޵жǲ׵飬ţŰٰҪΪµһҲһס
һĵ·Ŷƣһ򵥵顣
ҶһһԼ޵еĿǰš
ʵԼ޵УֻҪԼоԵԱͿԣֻһսԣҪĿ궨ĸһ㣬Ż᲻ϵŬи
СţȻҲǺܶ˵ģҪøʮ֣ҪĿ궨һٷ֡
书ָһѾʼ
Ȼ˵Ҫͷһľ飬һεĽǷǳĿ죬µʱֵ֮ܵǰʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬺ܶʱ䶼ѧϰ档
ֻˮƽҲԱڱǰţҲҪ͵ҲͲŵĿܣȻֻ˵ѧϣͲұ֤ˡ
ûѡͬʱħ붷ȥʲôħ˫޵ţˣŹ
һģǵѧǸµһ仰̰ãҪͰࡣ
ǶħʵһĶǱܷӳͬǶעϵħעھϵģĻ˵ʵҲ˵˵һֻ֣Ƚϸһ㣬Ҫ
ȻֻǴʵĻͣ󲿷ֶ⹦Сڹٲޣһ⣬ȫûġ
ϵԭʵһҪԭҲ滯һԭǾûκε츳ԣħмӳɣ⻹κ츳ӳɵڹ
ЩҶ˵뷨ʱķչú֣ԼҲ벻ʲôӣֻһȥ֪мвۣ·ϰЩһž
ûݾͲҪȥֻҪȥİܼӾͿԣһҲ̫ķ粨ֻһʧȥҶҵıͲԱ
Ҷ˵һգں֪ܶⲢҪʲôΪһĳɼеͻȫҪ¶ԼһյıҪҲ벻顣
˵òеĲĸо֪һʱҲǺܶԺ飬ĿǰҶˣֻڵ͵£һͨİܼӣһССӵܣû֪ӵʲôΪûлչ֣Ҳȥ֡


32 ̩֮У1
ͨİܼӣӵܣ۶ʼѧԺǣһҶ˲࣬һҶҲ٣ڿпޣҲױ˺Եġ
˾е棬ǰҶʮһɵϵʱźܶȥעڵȴҶ֪ҶʮٲɵˣȴԽԽʽˣ֪Ⱥ͹עֱ½
ðɣһͨˡɣ
ʵ֪½ҲԼԭ򣬻Ϊ֮ǰ̫ҡΪһϰͨ˵Ϊһֱܵ͵ֻżλһ£ҲܿᱻˣϾǷƼʻĵ۶ÿ춼鷢
Ȼм仹һԭ򣬾ûб¶֣˾ʺͨ˶֪ҶʮǱˣֻǰʽһͨˣ˻һֵĸоΪҶʮٻǰ
ԣĳЩ˵ǰҶʮ٣ڻشһЩ˵Ȼ֣ܶʱжصļ⣬ȥĻĻشȷˣȴûЩصļˡ
ԽԽû˹עټ˭֪һûκ츳ԵķϲģڣҲڲʲô
½˵ʵҪһָ꣬ҲͽҶѵһġϲġ
ϲģүŲǷϲģֻмÿ˵Լүʱ򣬻ǺܲˬаԺߵ
ڻ椵УԼүõģǰʱҲõģھ͸˵ˣһϲģôָԼ似һԼһʺԼ似붷
ڻȭ֮󣬾ͽ׶ΣóһѳƵеĳİİƳҪսʣΪϽ˽˽أǰǺԿūĲ־زնݻ
İ˫УĳߣװװǼɱս֮޿赲֮ʷϾͺټİټɾİ̫һݳƷûƳʢҲûжܶסľѡ
ֻһѵĻźܶ˶óҶܼ˵ȫСһ
ƣϣ죬ڴĽҹ֮£һѲϽĳİͳˡ
ʵƲҶԼģǸֱеģһб׵飬صİģǱ֮ϣйļأһЩŵűд˵е󣬿뷢δмء
Ȿ׵ļֵܺͰʼǲ˶٣ֻǼҶ˵УҲóˡ
Ҫ˵ҶΪʲôסⱾףʵҲǴкӵһֹͬãϲоִȥо
ڷⱾ׵ʱֱϸϸؿ꣬о͸
˵ڶ֮İһɺϣǾǣΪİʺϻ椣İҳϻָһ޸ĹǹרİģԷӳİļޡ
ǹսܽģȫֱӵʽʽȻ򵥣ȴͬСɣԽǼ򵥵ʽԾԽǿԽܷչʺԼʽ
椿Ѿǹǹ֮ʱ˫۱øˣϲ似ϲҶ˸Ƶİ
ʵİƵеİһЩ𣬱ϣİ汾һԭʼģһʺߵģǸģʺʹãרսϾһֱ⡣
汾м仹һ˼ĻأҶ˾ֻزʺ似ȴΪöһҲνҲͱţҲںһѣǸõİܼһ
ȴûи߹£ڣⲻҪŻ椣ֻû椲ܻõЩأҪĻǣ˽⻢椵Ը֪Щء
ʱİʲô似ʲôʱҶ룬Ȼ˵İͽл֮У似ǽǹ
˵ģ˵ĳɹҶ˲ռΪУҲҪȥأ񵱳Ǹ޸ǹˣһǽǹֻںĳĳ޸İ档
үͲһ㣬ô˼˵ءû˵
ðǾ̩֮͡С
ðɣٺһ㡣椹ٻҲʲô֣ɣֻȥ
½ܶණ߻ߵʲô֮צ֮еȵȡ


33 ̩֮У2
ʵ̩֮лԸһ㣬ԺоһƪһҶ˿Żе̩֮Уƺе㲻⡣
ҪǱһĳ嶯̩֮в֪˶ϡеĲϣǺܶıĶĹ֮߻ȴǻʼˣҲһӵ
ȴǸŮūһȻǰܼӡ
ҪƵǣȻã˶Ϊ֮ץ
νƪֱĲļǰʼǼأǾһȻֱҲص鼮أҶҲЩԼһЩ֪ʶӽȥϳΪһµļܡ
ҪʱģĿǰûڼͿԳɹˣҲҪʱ䡣
ѾܺˣѾϲˡǸʱ򣬻椸̩֮У˵

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̩֮УԺŸֶһİĻһɹɵ˷ɢȥ

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𣬻椿Ҷ˾վԼǰڸո̫Ͷ룬֪ҶѾˡ
үź㡭ջ̩֮УȻϰԵеæ˵
ˣѾϴԹˣĻǹԽԽ¯࣬ûǹͷҲͱˡҶ΢Ц˵
ʵ椶׼ˣҶҲӳԷëϴеĻĿ˵ˡ
ллүһϰߵ˵еɻֻһֱûеõشɻǡ
֪үΪʲôôϲ˵ûǹͷҲͱˣܼ򵥵ģֻҪӵ㶷¯඼ͱˡ
֮Ҷóһ鼮оڶԽԽԣֺܶ˼Ķ
սںܶ෽棬һֱоƪеת󣬿Դﵽ¯죬ͿԽһֻҪһľ磬ܳͨġ
ңٶҪȶܶ࣬ΨһǣҪ߳Ҫдһʹõ޵ġ
ͬԴһҲԴĶ
еһиģҶ˰ֱеĶ֮ЧֱǷ˻ѧӦ벻ķӦ
󷨺
󷨣ŶݼеһСһͿһȥоŶݼǾ͸ǰ
ִ˵оͣŶݼлľҲšɡ̫رеĵһ׾߲εԤѧųƵ֮ѧΪ컯֮ѧҲ塢˺͵˶ɵĿѧĴųŶݼ֮Уʹʾ﷢չ仯ȻҲΪ£Ϊȷʵá
ܶ˶֪ľԣž־ڷţһҲоܾã֮ܶĶ̫̫ࡣ
ҲΪԭҶ˶Ŷݼ׵оҲֻǳžЩѾ
һ˵ĺܶಿ֮ͬҩµĲд˵еĳҩ
߽֮£ֻ˵ĿԴˡ
ĿǰҶҪ飬ǽֱǵ֪ʶ뵽Ҫܳʱ䣬Ҫϵ顣
ȻҲ֪ʶ෴ģΪҪںЩ֪ʶҪӱȥ˽֪ʶֻг׵ȥ˽⣬߽ܽһ
ݱʱоҲнǮǵȥ飬ԭѧϰģȫ֪£о
ֻҪԼ¶û˿֪ӵʲôӵʲôĲܡ
ʱһȥ˾һͷ飬Ϊһǻųһ
椵ĶԽԽ죬󼸺Σ̩֮еӰӣԺӡ
ȻǵеӰӣ椵ʽȴӣΪٶɵЧ̩֮еٶȣѾ쵽²Ӱ
ӰǶ϶ʵһ׼һģѾ˼ĸˮƽȻ˼֣ͨյȼ˵˼ȡ


34 ̩֮У3
˵椵似سǼֱӣûӵı仯һǽһص㷢ӵ¡
Ҷ˵˵һ;һʼɼ򵽷ĻΪ򣬵󶼻ü򵥵ʽܽһֱȭ
ǣ磬֪ʲôջʲôطȴԶ޷ܿҲͬȼľ֡
Ҳ˵мĹʡԣҲһɼ򵽷ķҪ˼򵥺ܶࡣ
籩ﵽ֮ͻȻƽӼΪЩҲ֮ʧԺӱƽˡ
֮Уһǳ֣ͷβҶ˵߶ǺƽģϵĴ鼮Ҳһƽûܵ椵Ӱ졣
ⲢǻչҶˣһ㣬ΨһĽ;Ҷ˱ԭ֪ʲô취ƽ
һ֣ҪǱ˿Ļһɻ󣬻᲻һʲôʮӣȻԻ
ѵ˵ʮز¶˵һЩ豸ƽϢ
ȴûô֣ûע⣬ѾϰˣһֱҶ˶ڱϡ
˵ˣÿ춼Ҷ϶ᷢһЩ飬ÿ¶ôĻ񾭹ˣ
үѾȫǹƺеζҪҶһ£Ҷ˵һ仰Ϳܿġ
ȻΪ֮ĸ飬ǻ椵ԸϲãҪǻˣֱӡҶˣʱҲû椳ԼҪһԼ
һֺĸ飬ҲǺͨĸ飬ִָֻȴѾˣǾ÷ķС֮ĸ顣
ֲŮԼһˣ֮Լֵʹ࣬ɹʧܵѡ
ţֻҪһҪҲֻʱ䡣үҲǿ󣬰ıʼѾȫסˣҲֻҪȥооҲʱ⡣ҶЦŻصĿʼû뿪е鼮
ߣڷңȥϴˣűҶһߣƺе㲻ˣһͽϴˡ
ϰ߰Ҷ˵Ҫչ˵ǸʮСӣ˵Ҷ˾һˣӦ˵һǵչԼչ˱˵ˣҲһҪԼչ˵ˡ
Ŷ֪ˡҶ˺ȻӦžͼ飬һ̵ƽ
֮һŮ˽Ҷ˾ͷʵܵܣһӶʲô˼ڶˣ㵽Ҫʲôòڰܼɣ
Ů˵Ҷ꣬ľ飬ҶƵΪܶʱڰܼңİܼҡ
ҶĪطһᣬȻ̧ͷҶʲôһ
ʱҶ껹ûзҶ˵ֱֻ֣Ǽ˵һȻôҪ˼ҰӶţǿǴ½ǰһٵĴӶţһŮԵӶ֮һܵܣ㶯Ŷ
ǴġҶ˴ػص
ҶĬ
ܵܣεҪʲôǣҪȫųһ١ȻҪĻ㵽׻ʲôҶе㲻壬Ժ
˽⣬Ӷ֮ǰյҶ˵ίҪ󣬵ϵڲţΪҶҪҲȫ̫æµΪҶ˵Ҫе֡
Ҷ˵ҪҪӶִһҪȫţʱʲôû⣬ԵԱȫ롣
ӶҲֻ֪һһŲ֪ԭ飬ӶһȻɳˣһȫųίҪҲһӦǴӦˣֻҶӶ̫źˣһκӶŶ޷ܾļǮ
֪һ£ҶʮٲǳܼӣȫǮ£
ȷβǰܼҵ𣿡Ҷ꿴ŷеҶˣǻɵʵ
ȻҶ°˺ܶ࣬ûȥܼңҲûȥ飬˵ӡ̫ˣҲ˻»˻ɣҪʲô
ңҶСҶߣûҪ͵ĶΪûǸ󣬴Сڵ۶û˽Ӵôжͳ
ҶƺˣȻһִŵǳ˵βģ¡


35 ˿ްɲ1
ʱҶҲûȥץҶ˵СӣǰЩΪǲ棬ֻǾ֣ΪʲôԼĵܻܵ
ǳֱ飬ûгֹԼܵܵϣСȻеȱݣǿֵģûһ˿һķա
һˣһҲÿڣоǱŻ˯
ʲôǳģ
ҶҪʣûлȥʣʱûᡣ
ʱ򣬻椸ոպôϴ֮һ㣬ҶеؿԺеá
ʲô£ΪʲôСе죬үҲе֡
椵Ĵ΢СĲֶܷ֪ǱˣΪмү
Ҷվӭ椣Ȼ䱧ڻУأرţûзκεĻ
Ҷе֣ôˣ
Ȼ˵ҶǱŻһ˯ûڰʱᵱű˵Ķ
үôˣʲô£һʼҲû˵ֻҶ˱ţҶⱧûû˵ģȥʮӣһŲҲ˵
ûԽԽˣȫͷԡ
Ҷ˻뻢椷ֿ˫ļ˫ۿ۾˵椣ңҲҪΪá
ү˵ʲô椸ӺͿˣ⻰ʲô˼
졭Ҷ˿Ż椣ҪԵɣҪһУֻʱһ˴˽
С˵ʲôϷӶʲô˼ҪʲôӶŶӶ𻹾Ȼߴ²ܼңΪͣˣû뵽һȫԺӵҶǴ
ǰңʲôͨǼҵӶ𣬸߼һļʮңΣԵķٸ߼ַʱļټǧΣԵٷ
ǣȥģּΣյӶҲҪôࡣ
ȻӶ԰Ӷŵˮƽ㣬ʱһҪܶӶһԲһӶſԸ㶨ģҪٵİ֣߰˰һӶҲõʮ
ԣִıԼ۱ԶԶκһκһӶŶӦΪǷչٶȼӿ졣
Ӷţڽӵ֮ڽļѸͷչһӾʹܵǰʮλá
͵յһʾ޶ͶʣҲѹְӶŻڶ̶֮䣬е˶ٻƽĻư궼һĶ
ҲΪӶŸҶһųλãΪ߼ĹӦѾѣȻҶܼǲںѲѡ
Ҷ˵ĺô˵ӶŵϢ֪ϢҪԵҶˣںҲԼһ򶼻ˡ
һôӶȫŮԣһзǳŮųȣԣΪųҶˣҲͶ벻ĺô
֮һ仰еĺôƺһ򲻵ġ
˵ǿģֻҶһδֱʵĻӻܼҡ
򡭡үҲ̫ˣҪʲôֺҲһ㶣Ҷ˰ܼҵ߼¼ˣǰҲλھȻﵽλ
ҪһıҲҵıκεˡҶ˿ŻЦ
ʲôı𣿰ıʼ㶼ȥ棬ûжʲôĹ椻ɵСûҶʲôġ
ҪĳЩʿ仰һ캰أҶ˽ַȻıʼǶȥ棬еĿԭǸư汾
ЩҶѾסˣֺαضġҵı㣬ԶıҶ˶Ż΢ЦȻ仰еģеЦĸоκ˶ܸо⻰ģֲɵ档
ߣҿˣҪԶǱŹءȵȣ˵ʲôһʼûӦܿͷ⡣
˵ԼǱǲ˵Ҫ͵ľԼ
˵ͨˣΪʲô֮ǰ˵ҪԼҲԭҪԼߡ
뵽оһҶˣе㺦µʵүǲҪߣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
ɵ椣ô᲻Ҫ㣡еĻ椣Ҷֽ䱧ڻȻ˵
Ϊʲô㻹ҪߣҶ˵ĻزţǺš


36 ˿ްɲ2
ܹҪؼҵģһֱߣļˡѾˣͯ겻ӦֻңҪļˣڻ̫ȥӵСҶ˵
⻰֮󣬱㿪ʼĬҲǽӵҶˣƺףһӵ֮󣬿ܻܳܳʱ䡣
ʱҶͻȻеһֻ֪ûȥչҶˣȴʼûпǹ椵Ĵ
ֻ֪ĵѲõҶ˴ûаѻ椵ŮūǰԼ÷ķС֪ĵѣôûиܵ椵˼֮顣
ʵҶ˵ǰҲûбʲôҲ˵ԼļˣҲ˵ʲôˣʱ¶Էˡ
ΪҶҲ֪ǹ¶ǵˣָĸڵģ۰ļˡ
ǰҶ˻Ժģ֪ȥ£˰꣬ڵҶ֪Ҫˣֻе˽ģû椼¡
ȻҲ˺̻ܶ࣬һЩ似һЩرıܡ
ڴҲƺˣΪʲôҶ˻ͻȻҪ뻢һ˯ԭǸʱѾִˣʱҲڶԳҪʹ࣬ȴȻ糣
뵽椵ƺһʹȻҲҶ˲
үˣûչˣֱŵġ椵ŵˡ
ڲǰˣһչԼģ㲻ҪġҶ˵Ҫû椷ġ
Ź֣ǰҲò˶٣᷸ԺġֱӴҶ˵İο˽⣬ҪԼ
ҶȻǻָ˼䣬绢˵ģʱ᷸ԺӦҲܳٶۣ֪ǰӰ죬ԭˡ
ҺãЩС·ģ⵹˾ʧɰ֮
ЩҶ˲ôҶҲС»ֻҪ²ͿͿԡ
ΪȥĵҲֻлһˡ
ûµģʱҾͻˡҶ˿˵һ䡣
û˵ˣֻǾطš
ʱԺҲû˷ֻǾصʱĹȥҶ뻢ƺҪʱ䲻Ҫȥͣһ̡
ֻʱ䲻Ϊ˭ͣʼջҪųĵҶ˲ò뻢椷ֿ밲ųʼ̸ε
Ҫܼ򵥣ϧκδۣҲҪȷ椺ˣٽ˹æ
Ҷ˵Ҫİȴ˴е㲻ţ
ⲢҪ̫ߣҪʵ̫ˣǻͻ椶ѣҪӶųҲҪôӶֻҪһɣֻҪٷ֮һӶ𣬾Ϳõ
椶ڴ½˵ҪʿĿǰǣһ·ϣ˺ɫ֮ͽҲ˴⣬ȻҪô
ô˵ȻҶҪҲôӶȻãûܵһ˺
ºкܶҶˣΪʲôҪϰҵӶһ椸ֵۣԼҲҪôࡣ
⣬Ҷûлشмȥش⣬мȥۻ椵ļֵ⣬ǶԻ椵衣
үˣҪԼչԼһġǻᣬò˵ġ
ȻҪǴؼסһʱȻü˰ԼʼѧԺѧڻʼѧԺѧԱҲ
ôĵҶˣһܷĵ£
֪ˣһԼչԼ㲻Ҿ͹ȥ㡣Ҷ˻صԻ椵˽⣬Ȼ֪
үûл֮ǰ㲻Ҫ߹˯һ𣬱ŮӸС˵ǵЦֺġ
ģҲôˣҶǺ˵
һǲҪͲˡЦ˵仰ҶΪ֮һ㶡
⻰˭ġڴһҶ˾ͺǺʵ˵仰ǲеġ
㰡ǰ˵Ǹʱڡ˵ţϸصʱ
ҶֻоţҲǵĲˣȴǵ˵һкССȤ¡
ǵڼˣһߵİӶųԱɵﰵѾǵһ˵ת棬ġ
СһﾹȻģ˲֪ʲôӣ
ȴϲ֮ĸ飬ֺܴܴģκʵĸ飬ôһʱʱ顭
ôĸ飬ֻǣһֱĻж٣
ϣ˿һֱݸ飬ֱԶǼڳ֮˵ףԸ


37 ˿ްɲ3
ˣүҪˣչ˺Լ𣿡椿ҶˣһĲ뵣ǡ
չ˺Լ
仰Ҷ˵ıشţָо޷ȥ
ãһᡭ
ģҶ˿Żͻ椵ĶԶȥֱŻ椵ӰӣȻſڷ˺һᣬҶ˵Ļƻվá
᲻˰ɣǲǺΪʲô˽һ㣿ҶվҶߣ˵
ʲô᲻ãһ˽ҵֵֻ˽ףҶЩǿ˵˭Կóڳǿ
ˣ˵ˡҺ֣ΪʲôȻΪʲôԼȥҶҲ̼ҶˣܣҲ
Ҫͣǻͬ𣿡Ҷ˷ʵ
ҶĴǺȷأڵҶˣôȥǻԡ
ǲͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣Ҷ˿Żʧĵط˵
ͬ⣬ΪҶģбĹ˼ɣҶ˱˿֪Լ˻ζԴԼү
ҶҲܲµǰҲ˵Ǹʱ˵ҵʱʮС˵Ҫȥҿ̾ԣǧ˳˵Ƿǳټ
ûǳԼҶ˵Ůū˻᲻أ˵˵Ƕǵ裬ҶΪ
˽֪ҶĶˣ˻ƹҶˣǲȷأҶȥðգҪȷû֮ŻҶȥ
ſЩ˵ûЩԭҶҪͻ椻ȥǻҲһὫͻᷴˣֻҶ˲ͣĻؼң
תȥ
ףҶͻȻҶתʱ򣬸еһˮԪزѵ˵
ܵܣˣˡ
ûҶ˵۾еʪǿˡ
ԭҶΪҶ˽һϣҶȴһ飬ǵóϣһ
˿ްɿްɿްɣǿҲȨȥƣ΢Цֻʣ飡˺αسŵôǱ˿ްɡҶѧֳԼеָ鱬߸ŽҶҴš
ܵܣȻôȴζ˵šǴѧģҶ׷Ҷ˽ȥһߺš
Ҷ⣬Ҷ˵ĻӦǣңһûзй
Ҳһúðᣬʹһأ

ҹİ׹ҫŴأҹ˾ʱҶլ֮ȴһʱ̡
ҹĺ罫˺飬ֻʵĽŲҲ飬ʵϸʵô޵ǱǷҶ㻹Щʹ޵ʹ޵ʹ޵ˡ
ҶãӲǰ׸˵֮ϱʹĸ顣
òҲΪἪΪֱֻйŴԺʱĻȥ־á
иԣҲúܶȥҶլȴȥɾǡ
ܲˣ⻹ò˯Ҷҵ˸ŭԣֻСֹš
ʮСӶѾһˣ𣿡ҶҵĳֻǺΡ
ʮϽ컹ҪԼᣬ˯òãҶ˵ý־ͺˣӰ쵽ģͻֱӴ
ٺ֣ڲʵʱҲΪǳʱļš
Ҷ˲֪ǲûйųųˣڻ뿪֮һֱ߸赽ڣһѡִе˵ĸҶլһѹš
ȻһʼҲ⣬ܶҲϲĸ裬ʱ̫ˣôеܲˡ
Ҳ˵һ⣬ǻеҪλκ˶ȹģԺǼټġ
̩šҶڿ֮ƺеԴ׵ζֻǸĻл⣬ǻչҶôãԼ̫̫ࡣ
֮ҶҶ˱ǰˣȫǰĵĸоƺеҪԼ׷ϻҶеĵλ
֮Ҷͣס˸߸裬ǸոպеýúҪȥһԼõܣֻǺܿץˣԺһҶ˺ɫ
ǵģҶ˽ûи߸ˣֻȴãﵯţһŵ˵ġ
ҹҶլעˣ
ڽҹܶ˶Ҷ˵֣ںܶȴԼôһᣬΪʲôûȥϧ



38 һİܼң1
Ҷ˿ʼһʼҶլʼѧԺصأһֻǺܶ˶ʼ֪ҶߵĻ椱֮ͻԼļҡ
Ǹʱźܶ˶Ҷ˵ľÿϧǽСɰģǻеļƷڶͬĿеŮūСӼֱǱҿɰ̩ţԺҲˡ
ףȵȣСͻȥˣǲʾԺлõͻȻЩ˷֣ǰҶ˵ŮūǸûлᣬƺ˻ᣬȻǺãġ
⵹Ҷ뻢椴ûע˶֪ԭôߣƺҪҶ˸Ϻܶࡣ
ȻЩںҲ֪㣬Ե㣡
ڴԺ󣬴ҲδҶ椵λãڼûѧԺ͸С
ŹŮչҶˣȴҶ˺ܸɴľܾ˵ԼҪչˣԼչԼҲӦ椵ģҪչԼ
һʼʱֻʱԵģҶֻΪû˻椣ԲŻ᲻ԼûչԼֱӾܾˡ
Ϊڹʱ֮ҶһپܾٲֱӸɴֻ࣬ΪһֱΪҶûһһСַſڵĴү
ȴԼˣǴشҶ˷ǵ뿪˵չˣܽԼչ˵ĺܺãõ˲š
úܶ˶еⲻӦðһûչ˹ԼĴүôչԼһ˵ĳףҪ˵κΰ
ȻλүչԼķʽҲر
ȣճ֮У෿֮ķ棬ȥһӾöȻһ£ڴʱ򣬻ᷢһЩĹâ˻Ϊʲô¡֪ʼĩ֮еЦãö֮ҲϰΪˡ
ΣһܼӣִŵĻǮԷ֮ģҪסԺӵһУӶؽ˻˶ӵµġ
ô˵Ȼرһ㣬ܹ黹ԼչԼҪ˵չˡʵ㲻ôرҲչԼˣϱӡһͨˣԼչԼѾ֪ˡ
˵ڻ뿪֮ҶҲһС鷳
ⲻҶʮ𣿡У԰·ϣһӸһȺˣһʮ˧Ĵ󽣣Ҷ˵ȥ·ϡ
ãҶ˿һǰˣò˵ʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô£Ҫһ١ӸΪ˧ƣһǰ˧Ĵ󽣡
ΪʲôҪңҵ𣿡Ҷ˴ʵⲢװЩ鷽ķӦôٶۣǰǸʮûж𣬲׶ԷҪʲô
ǵģǡӸϷʵ˵
ŶĻҾ˵Բ𡣡Ҷ˵Ȼǰȥͷ˸оǡ
ʵϤ˶֪飬ϵһЩ⣬ÿ춼ˣʱͲ֪Լ赲˵ʲô
Ӹһһʱ֮䲻֪ôǶûҶ˻ķӦ
վסΪ˵Բ𣿸㣬û̩ߣҪ㣬ΪԼҶҵʮپ˲ˣԶǷӸҶǰȻָ
ŶԭǶʼҵݣǰлߣ㲻ҶҶ֣Ϊ򲻹Ҷͣס˽ŲǰĹ˵
Ӹе죬һѵı鸡棬Ҷ˵ĻȷʵǾǴ򲻹椶ҶҶʲôˣȺеһǱȽϱһ֡
ĻͲû뿪ˣͿԶҶ˶֡
Ϊʲô
ιǿܰɣȻǾͲˡҶ˶ǰȺ˵Щ˻û˵ʱֲһ䣺ΪϷŪǣֻ̫ˣ뿴ˡ
ƨҵ㣬˵Ҳ㣡ǸӸȫһ֪ӣţںܶǲ֪
ף۸Ҷ˰ǲǾ̫ȣҵ죡ʱһ·˾·ҲɵҶ˵ͬѧ
ʲô̫ȣʲôҵ죿Ӹ粻ܿˡ

һȻһɫĹâײǹӸϣǸӸϸоʲô˼
ǵ𣿸۸ҵܵܣҶڴҵߣ˪˵
ûû˻椣Ҷ꣬˭Ҷһ£ĺһȳڱ˵ǰ档


39 һİܼң2
꣡
˵֮Ҷһ֣ɵͷųһȽϸ߼Ⱥħ˼Ǻ档
ѽôС̡
Ⱥ˺ڣʼԼ̫ˣôҶ꣬ǵ޵ഺŮһһԱĸ֣һֱϵħ֪ö˳Կ
ѧԺν֮УλСǰéһ˲ҵģЩӸǰһôô档
˵ˣǿߣҪܵ˲ף˰Ҷҡҡͷ̾ϢһȻͬѧȥѧԺ
ҶҲƽʱһѧԺԵҶ˷ֿȥԼħѧԺǰѾ˵ѧԺǰȫġ
Ƶ鷢֮ٱҲˣҪû椲۸ҶˣͱͨҶ꣬ЩҲϸĵĲҶ֮ʲôˣǿȷ뻹һ߹Ҷ˵ġδޡ
ǣǶˣٲȥñֻõİ취ȥȻƺҶԼûˣҶ˾һ̲ˡ
ڽļҶ˵ġ͵úܶ˶ĴڣЩǰʼҲĳ˼Ҳ죬ҲͲȥ۸Ҷһµ뷨
ʱȴһת۾͹ȥ꣬˵̲̣˵ֲҶѾͬʱŪڲֱͬеҽѧȵȡ
ֻǣǰһͨʿͬѧͬţûرǰҲûر
ҲΪԭԽԽͨԽԽע⣬òҲÿ似оżȥܼһᣬҪж⡣
Ȼ˵ȫעǲܵģҲһЩٶҵҪһ£ǰܼңһİܼҡ
죬ΪһΰܼΪܵǸʱŸ٣С
װģںЩʲôΪʲôеˣһ˵һҡ
ʮ̩𣿡˶Ҷ˵
ûУˣֻ㳪ѡҶҡͷϡ
ȥ꣬ԭΪ椻֮ڻȥȻûϢΨһȷǣѾȫصУص˵ĵط
ݰӶŵı棬ڽ뻢岿ʱ򣬺ܿͱһȺʿӭߣͬʱͳء
ȻӶȷϻû²ߣҲǻ椵ͷȷϵġ
䣬ҶҲ˴Ÿ椣õΨһظֻһţ˵꣬еҪ󻹶ǵչ˺Լ

װˣ̩ŵʱᳪ裬٣ƽʱʱ򣬾㵶ӼĲϣ㶼ŪһᡣֱӴҶ˵ļٻ
ȿȣ治߸ʲô£Ҷ٣ţգſռָ練ơ
߸磬˱Ҷ˵ø磬Ҷҵ߹ӣǵ۹һ٣һЩ飬ʲôҶ˾Ͳˣǵ۹֮ġ
ˣˣû°˹ɽ߸е㽹ʵ
˹ɽǵˣôˣҶ˵Ļش߸ȴҲ֮У֪Сӻ᲻ǵá
֪᲻֪ȥĲƲ˹ɽǲ¡߸ߴٵ
ŶҡҶ˴ӽָͳһѶ߰ƾ֤ʲô̻ɷƾ֤ȵȣЩܼҵĳɹӵв֪ٵĲƲм䲻֪Ǯ׬Ǯġ
ڣ߸ֻڸ̾̾ʮôô棬ǰܼңǲƲȴԽԽ࣬˵ʲôʱðҪĶ£ͱ¡
˹ɽԭһƶɽλҲƫƧһʽĵطɽҲǺֵǮ
۹Ŀ첿ȴ֣˹ɽżḻսԿأǾͿʼӵɽȥ棬ȴɽͱԭˣһһظ߼ȥġ
ȻǸԭڿ캰صĴ󺰺ڣԼνĸ߼ۣ֮£ȫǾţһëѡ
۹Ȼԭ˺󲻺ڣֻ˭Ĵ𰸾ǲ֪ǺüǰˣͨмĽףǸмҲҲˡ
ǵ۹ʼͷʹˣǿʼøְ취ȥңȻҲߵɽ˳֣Ҳһ˳֡
ԭһɽ֮µ˶ڵ۹Ǽǣһһƾ֤ˣҲԲ
ǣȴһֱûгֹûеǼǹҲ޴Ӳ


40 һİܼң3
ڹȥ֮ܶ󣬵۹涼ʼǲӦǿãӰ콫Ƿǳģܻɵ۹Ķ
˽вƲ½ܵߵı˭ƻ˹أǵõĽȫ½帻һµжԣ۹Ҳܳ
֮£۹ֻȥԭ죬ϣԵõмһڴҵǰ
Ǹʱ˽֮Ǹԭ˵һ仰Ƕ˵ۡ
˭Ҳ֪Ҿһԩͷֻһɽǰԣԩͷȴôߵļ۸һֱû鷳ˣһ׳գһ͵İܼӣ
ǰ˵һˣô֪⣬ǿ϶򣬾ҲѹͼǮԼΪļ۸롣
ˣȴüߵļ۸ѵ˵֪ļֵֵ֪Ҳõͼչ
һܼӣһͨİܼӣ
õر߸磬üͷЩյ˵ǰ֪ļֵҲӦóôߵļ۸񣬳ǡȻᣬ˵ʲôܼӣҿ᲻ᱻʮǸܼˣ
Ҷһİܼң߸ܻؼȥҴ˵еİܼӡ
߸ҿ϶˳ɾҶˣʷֶ˵⣬Ҷ˰ܼҵʱܻм׬׬
һ˵ǰһƬƶĵƤ뷿ӣһ·ЩƶסʱҲһСĺ䶯Ȼ˵Ҫ£ܶ˶֪Ǹʱ˺ܾãҪȥֱʰܼһΣ򷿼Ӹ·ӣܼҰɡ
ʱͻ˼ʮңȻ˵һ䣬̹
²ûнǰ۶һ¹滮ҪһµĹ򣬶ɺϵģǰµƬƶأǺǿˮŴߣһѵҪ
еһкܶ˵ģ˲ò˵ҶСǵõŮľˡ
ŶҵˣǲҶҵһԼȻֵݸ߸磬ʲôʱģ˰ɣǸʱ椻ڡ
߸ûҶ˵ֻ˷ܵ˵ûʮһŪߵļǮˡ
˵߸ʧĵطȥﻹмȴˡ

УҪܼңΪʲôǳºˣҪ׬һΡ
Ҷεֻ̾뷨ҪˣΪᣬͷԣþ˼һܳɹεĵõ
ȻҲаܼҳɹʱ򣬱ҲС˵ǲɹģĲƲԽԽ࣬ൽԼж١
ң˵ĿǰĶѣ˵ԺֻᷢƵĲƲбֻ㷭¼
ˣոҲǰģܶ඼¸ŷģÿÿʱܼң˵벻˼
ǰеǾ仰עģ
ˣˣȰЩϻһ£ѵõĲϣҪԡҶҲЩ飬עҲͲᣬ˵עˣһ
ǵĻǾҶҪģˣΪ˰ܼҵġ
ܵܣѵýż٣ôãôڼŪЩȥܼ𣿡Ҷݹ٣ֱӽҶ˵СңŻڰŪϵҶ˵
ȥû飡ʧˡҶеƵػش
ʲôʧܣѵ˵׬һʣ׬˶٣Ҷ룬ܿʲôҶ˵һȻʲô
֪߸֪ˡҶڻص
ҶһߣҶ˿һᣬȻɷµʵܵܣиҪ㣬Ҫʵʵػش𡣡
ʲô⣿Ҷɻػص
ȷ㲻Ͷ׬Ǯ𣿡̫˻ˣһ˰ܼܰܵȱ⻹׬Ǯ
Ȼˣһô˵ˣҲÿζ׬󲿷ֵʱҶǿġ
㻹ģ뷨跨ȥܼңʲôܼӣ
һ־Ը
־Ըͷ־Ը
Ҳ𣿡




41 1
ʼѧԺǼ֮òʱ䣬ѧԱѧԺĲӦ˵Ǿ󲿷ֵġ
ڻʼѧԺû˻Լ⻯ҪԴʲôͣɵȻΪ⣬Ӱ쵽Լ󣬻˷С
ͬʱҲѧԺֹ飬ȻĻÿѧԱĻǻһʲôľ档
ȻֻǱ㵱֮ģӰ쵽˵ĻҲģֻĻ֮£ٻ㵱Ǻûӡ
һ£㵱ˣһΪ˽Լʱ䣬ǱȽ϶ģ޷ӦķˣǼģǾϡٵģǾҪʡǮģԭطܶ࣬ȴټ١
ȫϲĻʼѧԺ˻ᶮʡǮܼӵ洦ɼ˵мĳˡ
ΪҶҵС㣬ҶȻҪȥʡǮҲʲôڲͬ飬ÿζѧԺĲ緹һһ𣬲һϲģһġ
ˣֱҶ߹ϲ˭˭ⲻ˵Ҷ֪
ܳһʱ˵һһˣ˵߹Ļһ˫ףƫƫҶˣĵܵܣһֱûкһ緹ܲˬ
Ҷ꣬ҶأֲһԷ𣿡߹ڽ֮ʱһοҶһڣûпҶ˵Ӱӡ
ʱ̣Ҷ˲֣Ҳʹһβٳ֡
ǰôҪȥǸŮķˡŵģһöûãԼϹסҶ֮̾󣬾϶߹ϰԵĴ
Ȼ棬ԽԽ˽Է˽ĳ̶ҪԼԩҵȴһֱûиı䣬һͻᳳ̧ܣһ˵ԣһ˵ĶԣҲҪͬ
ȻҲһµʱǾǹҶ˷飬ǾһģҲҶˡ
ڻֻδޣܹܵסǹĹܣûõġ߹ظ跴֮Ҳ˼ɣͬʱҲҶ߹֮ĻԼ˵¡
ô߹ƺûзĬϵҶʱ飬ȻҲֻʱǷǳٵʱ
ңǺһ𣬻Ůˣδ޵ݾͻ᲻ȻᣬҲԺһ𡣡ҶǲԸ˵ԸԼĵܵȢÿԼܵŮˡ
ǣȴ˽߹֪ܹԼĵܵܣֹҲǷĵģģֻҪãԼôᣬҲһᷴԡ
Ȼֻ˵ԣ޳ɣҲ֪߹Ҷ˲ǰ飬һӵĸ飬һ˵ĸ顣
ҶˣȻһ𣬸һֱҲܺãȴûв˫ҳģҲûа취ǿġ
ߣŮˣҲһҵλҺõģҲһܣ߹ߵ仰û֪ġ
ܿģϾת˻⣬ûлȥ
Ҷ꣬˵Ϊʲôϲһ𣬾Ϊ˳Ե𣿡
ȻΪʲô˳ԵĻʲôطסҵܵܣҵܻܵû۹⡣ҶȻ˵
ҲһϲϡŹֵĶ߹飬Ҷ˵ϲúأ׼Ҳ֣ʱ˵õĶΪȻõģõͬ
ɣǲصƷζϲǿеǸȻǻɣһκ˶òܵĻɡ
ޣͯ޼ɣҪϲϾͰҶ̷Եǳ
ٺ٣ֻǿЦѣʲôΪ¿𣿡
ܣԲܣҶҡҡͷȻͼ͡
ʲôŮ˾òܣһһĿܶûУǵȻҶһŮӣеǸĵȷȷһʮ˵ഺŮ
ȻˣŮ
ѧԺ֮УҶڰ༶ĽһϷÿһ춼ֵϷ롣
Ҷˣҵı㵱컹ңһƺŭ⣬ֵǣм仹иϰߡ
ˣһӴŮӣǰеǸС̵ŮӣҲҶ˿˵ģԲܵŮӡ
ҶܳʱǺһ緹ҲҶ˵ģΪ˳Եġ


42 2
СһϲԶŮӣһԼ³ģ;֪жܳԣҲԵóٲˣĥ֮£мߵĳɾ͡
ûˣΪĳգҶ˲ŻϲķˣԴӵһγԹ֮ÿС̵ı㵱
»㣬ڳءҶ˳Ŷڳݲػص
»Ǹʱ򶼱ԹˣʣһտǡСû˵š
԰Ҿͻỹ㣬ȻôٴҶЩ޳ܵ˵仰Ϊ֮ᡣ
㣬㡭Сһ˵
ߣˣ첻ҵġС̶һ仰仰ÿ춼˵ĻǵڶȻ
Ҫ棬ǵһ㡣Ҷƺû仰ֱҪʲô
֪ˣÿ춼Ҫ㲻𣿵ȵȡΪʲôҪС˵˵ţͻȻͷе㲻Ծ
С̣ԼҲǣҪǾͲҪһߵһС̱Ƚ׽Ůͬѧ˵
Сÿζ˵ÿ춼ҶԤһݣɵȻΪϲҶˣ
ǡ
ͻҵķݣҾͲˣԵĲ࣬νˡС̺ݺݵضҶˣС˵
⵹ҲǣԵõȷ١Ц˵ŵЦ֮⡣
ðЦǲǣҲѹ㣡С̻صв
Ȼ˵СӴȴûΪԱһſʵģΪɡ
ҪҲ˵˻𣬱ѹţҲֻаˡװµ˵
֪˰ɣ˵ˣҪԷˡСЦЦȻͿʼԷҪǰӵ͡
ԷԷҲ˵ʱ䡣
ű㵱ĲǣкܶˣѧԺ֮У󲿷ֵ˶˷ʱȥԷɳԱ㵱Ȼʡʱо
ڴڳ͵ʱһӢĵԭƽʱⷢ˲ƽ顣
Ӣ꣬ǱΪʼѧԺĴ֮һĪǹӣǵſҲʵͬʱҲǿļơ
ǺܶŮеİӣѧԺ֮У֪жŮģǰ˵Ҷ˵ŮͬѧомһС̡
Īǹӵ֮˫۾δ뿪ǻյӾͲ˫۱ɺġ
˼ˣĪǹ֮󣬾Щյ񣬾ֱһŮǰȻе㱧Ǹ˵
ĪǹŮȻһͨŮһɫҲǰΨһóŮɳ
ʱҶ˲еЩרҵʿ۹⣬ɳڹȻһԸĪǹô
ûϵҲŸոʰã߰ɡɳݵ˵ȻĪǹӵֱۣ˵ĽĿ֮£뿪˽ҡ
ˣʲôС̵ĺѽڻ״̬ҡѡ
һжҸСĽ˵ĽɳźǿҵԸ֮
ʱ򣬽еҶ˺ܲӵ˵ĻǾͲҸǱ硣
ȥСǸУ˹ȥ
ѽһҽУȴǷҶ˿Уһ޹ǣıУͷϻŷС
Ҷ֣ôܱһССķУҲ˾ͺܻܿᱯ硣
ԲҲǹġС̵Ǹ
֪㲻ǹģ֪ҲΪʲôҪÿöңÿζ꼰ǡкǿ˵ⲻǵһαУҲֹһҹ
Բֻһʱ嶯ұ֤´βˡС̱Ǹ
仰Ѿ˵˼ˣǱзʵ
Ǽ£һˣһߵҶ˵ʱһ߿飬һжԼ޹ء
ǶΪ㣡С̼Щ޹꼰ǣͬشǾ̫ˡ
ףʽҶֱӵ˵ŭȥоʽתƻ⣬Ǿ˵棬һС
ַ֪Ҳû壬Ϳʼǵı㵱Ų෹顣
պ󣬻һ磬һҶС̵ı㵱һĪǹӳڽ׼ɳȥ֮ͣеŮĸݡ罺ᣡ


43 3
ιţϲĻȥסҶ˿ŻյС̣Ȼһ˶ȥؽ顣
ףܾģôῴŮСĵ˵
Ȼɷϣ㱻ϵļʺ֮ܵͣͻʣ㲻ȥ׵ĻǼʾ㡣Ҫ¸˵Ҷ˺شͬʱҲС̣ǹÿ˶и׵Ȩ
ֻҲҲû뵽С̾Ȼȥˣ
ǰȥ˵ǾԶûлᡣС૵˵Ҳ֪Ժˣǿʼ嶯Ȼվ߹ȥ
С̣㲻ҪϹ˵һ߿鷢չͬѧ̽еҪȥֹȴûСͣ
СĪǹӵǰ棬Ȼ˵Īǣϲ㣬Һͽ𣿡
ʱ򣬳˰Ҷ˶סˣǾԲԼ飬Ҷʱ̻عͷóһװӣıһš
ιǲǿˣˣǸྐྵȻĪǸףǵɳ档
ҲҪʣȻҲģţǶûпҲû
ҿʼȻһȺ˿ʼԭ˵С̳Դҩˣ˵С췢գҲ˵СڻΡ
ͬԭۣڽž˵һ£ΪС̵ĸһᱻܾҲǱȻġ
һ£һӴ˾ò˼ŮӣôᱻĪǹӿУĸףûѾˡ
ԲѾŮˡĪǹӲϵţʼѧԺĴ֮һڶһ˳ܲĸףǱʿȡ
֪㲻һ𣿡Сֱ̺ӵ˵
ۡոװʲôװһԼ޹أһߺŲҶˣ仰֮ϾͽеĲ˳Ϊ仰˵ģҲ˵ǳֱʡ
ʱҲǺС˵Īǹӵ飬˵ȻϲĪǹӵĻȥڨҪߣƤ
ǸʱС̾ʣӦôȥڨʱԭǡ
ɣȥ˧磬ûŮѣ˵ûУ˵ҿԳΪŮѡ
˵أ
˵㲻һŮѰɡ


ҽ⡭ĪǹӴһᣬȻ˵
С̣ʲô˼ʱɳɫúܲÿҧ˵
ҪѡСֱ˵ػش
ƾ㣿˵Ҳᣬڳֻһ˵ԺҾԡɳеŭ¶ĵһ棬Ϊ仰һ£С̺ˣԼͬ
˵ģʱڣ˵С˷һ£ȻȥĺѣΪĺһ֧ȴʧˡ
С̵ĺѿȰʾҪ̫࣬ǲܵģ˫ʵ̫ˡ
ҲΪã֪ܵ飬ֺαȥ׷ֻʹࡣ뵽ѲɵúݺݵһҶˣµ
ߣҲ⣬ҲԼʲôˡɳǲм˵Ȼһ£󡶼ָˣıҲһˡ
ʱҶֿʼжˣ˵ңҾԺӦеȨ
ҶˣͲҪˣ˼𣿡С̵ĺ̺ȵҶֻС̴˺
֪ˣǼȻҪǾӦ֧ʹʹĸʹпܻʹ࣬ڡҶƽ˵ĻҲ˳˼ϸϸм˼
ԭҪ˵Щʲôûü˵ͱҶһ仰ء
ֻ˸Ӽǿܲ˺֮ˣ
ǺΪҶ˵֧֣С̵õһᣬɳΪͺµҶˣ֪ԺҶ˻ޣֻһʼѡ
ãҸᣬͷҿôɳͻȻƽ˵ţֻΪԼͲ£СôĪǹӡ
С̵ӣһͨŮѶǲܵģֺοģĪǹӵȤر𣬲Ȼǡ
е˼һ̼˶ܸоõܶ˶ΪСεΪȫȡ裬Ǹܵ顣
һ̴ȴϾҪĲһ


44 θɣ1
ô⻹˵ȻǺᵶᰮ߳¡һߵҶ˺ܲ˵

ȫܶ˶ڻɣҶǲǴĵҵģȻôС̣ôȥ֧С̡
ֻ˶Ҷ˵˽⣬֪һʲô¶²ؼ߸߹ˣżѪһ£ѵھż
ң֪˵ʲôǣˣǸţҿ㣬ҪԼҶ˵ɻĿ֮£һν뿴״̬ҪʱԵ
С̵õֺ֧󣬹ȻǺ¸ң¸ҵɳˣĪǹֳСҲֻǴԼȡԣûм׷ȥ
һڳ嶯º侲вһ뷨ڹһ֮󣬵Ѫȴ֮С̵ɫʼˣԽԽ߷ߡ
ҶˣСþ޴һӣ֮еҶһ
ôˣƺҪˣôСԵģ㻹Ǹ˭Ҷ˿Сð˫ۣҶ
Сƺˣȫһףֱ˵תƻ⣬˵ΪʲôҪԻңô˵顣
ǸʵǺǣֻ˵˵û뵽ȥˣҲܹңĵ̫ǿˡҶ鵲С̣ȻЦ˵
ûһеĿˣҪƶֻ˵ЦѣҲû뵽С̻ľٶǸʱװԼ޹صĶ֪
ɲֻ벻ʵˣȻ֮ǰͷ˵ĺܻǶ˵˵ѣֻĻ˭˵
㡭ô죬ҶûˣС߷ߵ
ȻʼˣǾֻмֵˡҶ˵˵仰˵˵ҪôȻ˿ʼǾһҪȫ
¡Сԥ
ʲôѾܶˣҲٶһ㣬һһûжֱ˵ˣƤôҲһ㡣Ҷ˺ܲε˵˵˵飬ÿ˶ɡ
ǲ¡ޣ˵ʲôҪ˵Һ޳𣿡СһʼͣܿͷӦ
ֻǺգû޳ܣ˵񡣡
ҺƤָǸƤ
һƤ

С̳ĬҶһûнֻĵ˵һֵģֻǲܵģ
ܲܣϲֲҪͬ⣡Ҷ˺ܲ˵
Ҷ˵仰˺ǲŬ⻰ʲô˼ʲôϲҪͬ⣬ͬ⣬ϲʲôã
˼ǡ㵱һ仰Сһ£ǾǹҶԪ˧Ů֮Ȥ¡
Ҷ˳ĬΪ֪ҶЦЦѾ顣
Ƕ£ǰҶС̫ţˣ׷µʱ򣬲֪ܾٴΣ¶ˣȻûа취һǵ˵һ仰ϲҵ飬θɣ
ǰǰ仰ԸֱûƢˣô򣡡

ôõ飬ǻǵôҶ˲ɵƵ
·Ҷ˻ûں֮ǰǸʱͻȻϲ£һֱ׷ֱں˲ǽˡ
˵µҲ˺֮ԻͻȻϲ£ʲô齵٣ʵϲ˵ϣֻΪڽһʦԤԣ˵ʲôеŮˡ
ܲɣñײˣΪ¾еŮˣ͡ϲչ׷
ʱҲҶ߹е֣ôôͻȻڵõ֮󣬾ͱȵ
Ҳûȥֹǲ룬ûа취ȥֹǰҶˣڵҶˣֻҪ϶飬ԼıĻǾͷţҲ
ˣһ㵱һ㱻ܾȻСڹһ󣬺Ǽᶨ˵
ȿȣܺã־ʤҶòеε˵Ͼû뵽ǻҲֻ֪ǿʼѣ
˵ҽô죿С̿Ҷˣ˫۷ڴĹâЩԵĹâ۾ԣ˫۾ԿԳƵ
ô죿ôô죬֪Ҷ˰ڰ֣һ²ؼ̬ȡ
㲻𣿡Сɻ
ʲôǸĪǴΣȻӲϹ𣿡Ҷ飬ƽ˵š
ȥЦˣ˵ģСһҶˣҶ˵ء


45 θɣ2
ҶסΣ飬Ƶ˵Ҳ˵ģ±˰ﲻˣֲϴֻпԼŬȥȡ
ҶˣòһʼûҰɣνֶ֧Ǿϵģ
ûҾ֧㣡

㣬ȥСŭˣ˹ȥ
ѽС̣㲻ҪӶòãһ޹ٽкҶһҲ֪ӡ
ݣ첻ˣ
Ҫӷۣ

ڵڶ죬СȻǸҶԤʳ֪ϰ˻±һÿݵϷ롣
֮ҲвͬϷݣǾСҲʼĪǹ׼ʳΪҪĪǹչ鹥ơ
ҲΪĪǹɳںͲٽһϣʼʱѧԺſڣֱӵٺУ԰ֱڲ
Ϊʲôı仯ϻΪС̣ȥʲôطС̶֣Ҳ֪ǴõϢˣҲö㲻ˣֻص˲
ôһ£˷񣬷ʲôȥ룬ʲôϰƳͬʱҲɲ˼顣
СǷˣȥ׷ԼΣ˵ĿۣΪ˵Īǹӣһᣡ
Ҷˣ㺦ģĪǹɳҧ˵仰ȻܺС̣ͬҲ¶˵Ҷˡ
ҶˣСҲһأҶˣСôӵ˵̬ȣһ䡰ϲҵ£޹أ˻

ȵң޹ģҶ˰ڰ֣ŶԼɳ˵
ߣ

˺ܳһʱ䣬ҶµĿȻǰ᲻һвмбӣ޳ɣͦ
ȫ˶һͬС̵ľɼΣҲãԺԼϲϵˣǲҲӦѧѧ
ʱƣɳС̵ĺԽԽҶƺҲˣϾҶ˳֮ǰ˵˵֮󣬾ûĶˣҲûȥС̣Ǿ֧֣
ҲΪɳһ£Сһ֡
ʲôμѡҶڵõϢ󣬾ʹľȿС̡
ʲôѡǡʼѧԺŮ˫С̾Ҷ˵Ļ
ˣ˵ǲŮϳһŮڿյͬʱòƷУѡûжٷֱ𡣡Ҷ˲˵
ڻʼѧԺÿ궼һѡŶˣǲŮ˫ÿ궼˵ۿѾһУ԰ڵʢ£ǳʢ£һЩԶרⳡ
ΪʲôôˣҶ˵ģһѡмֵĲŮ޶ˣʷǷһֲյĴС㡣
ЩСƽʱһĻᶼûУΪȴ࣬Ȼܶ˵򣬻˷ӵ
ͬʱҲ˵һ£СȥμӵĻͻᵱźܶ˵࣬Ʊɺܴĺ䶯Ȼ˵ģ
Ϊʲôμȥȡ𣿡Ҷ˺ֱӵʵ˶뵽ģֻû˻ֱ˵ʡ
ĪǺɳ˵ֻҲμαڱӮˣͿĪһ𣡡С̴Ÿӵĸ˵ԼҲףֻǱϷŪҪܵ裬Ӧˡ
ƴķһ֮ҲὫˣȥʲôˣ
ԭ˵ֻҪӮ˵ҪӮⳡأҶ˿ʼеСˣһΡ
֪붼һˡСҡͷ˵
ǰ㶼ˣ

Се㲻ˬ˵Ͳܸһ֧𣿡
֧֣ˣҼǵѡ˻Ὺ̵ģһȥע֧㡣֮ǰҪȷһ£裬裬ĸҶʵ
ᣬҶᣡСҡͷش
ʲôĲգˡҶٴʵ
ᣡСҡͷ
ҼǵĹҲǺûѧҶ˿С˵ѧԺҲһˣѧԺ˶ô붼ȥѧȥ
ǵġСڨڨ
ܺãȥ¸ʮңӮҶ֧㡣Ҷһ˵һ׼ˡ
ʮңС̴һ£Ŀһ֧ҲҪôɡ
Ȼ֪Ҷǰܼһ㣬̶ȶ˵ҲС˼ԼϾʲôˣҲҪ֧֡


46 θɣ3
ǾһңҶ˺˼ˣôѵõĻᣬôֻʮ¡
ʮôԵܼأ
ǲǣ̫ˣעҲӮġ£ҶˣòҪܼҰɣСͻȻ뵽Ҷ˵İܼϰߣǿʲôܼܰҾҪһΡ
ѵ˵Ϊˡ
ûôõĻᣬôܴΰٷְٻܵҿܷʲô⣡Ҷ˺˷ܵ˵ţûע⵽С̵ŭѾʼð
Ҷˣʲô˼˵ǰٷְٻ䣡С̵ŭҡ
ϻȻҪòûòҪûģҪûյ޲Ʒ˵ӮˣҿһϳͻᱻʱҶѾܳ˽ңĻ󲿷ֻˡ
ҶˣСޱȷŭĺǽڣѧ¥صţĳȴװû˷ܵȥעˡ
СҧѾˣҶ˲κεİΪҪܼңڰͲ˴̨
ҪҶ˸ֻȴ֪Ҷ˵ҲûκδҪòûòҪûģҪûյ޲Ʒ
ôܴЩŮ
ֻҪ󲻺ڣһǲڣ
˵ˣʹˣѾ㹻ˣ

ܵܣʲôǣرãҶϻؼҵʱ򣬷Ҷ˵ܺãŲõЦݡ
㣬˵ĵ飡ٹһ£ҾͻɹܵһңһһʧҶЦ˵Ǹ˵ӷ·˵õһһʧȥһҡ
Ҫʧȥһǿ޵ȥҪҪĲŶԣǰܼҲܲʧֻ˵Ҷ˲ͬ죡
ܼӣǳܼӣ
ѽû취ֻ׬Ҷҡҡͷε˵ҲֻԼܵܲŻðܵһôֵø˵顣
ᣬξԲᣡҶҡͷϵ˵
ǰСҲٺãҲҶ˾λᷢ⣬Ϊһε⣬ǲܷģ
ÿζ˵ǳֺܶ⡣ҶûҶһ¡
βһ㣬СȥμӲŮ˫ĻΪ᲻ӮҶʵ
ᣡӦòȥμӣҪȥĻͻᱻЦһӣΪѾúܶڿЦˡҶҡҡͷ˵С̵ʱƺеͬ顣
֪ԼĵܾܵȻͬŮӸͬ飡
μˣҾӮùھ˵ܲһأҶЦ˵
μˣôѵû»̧ͷ𣿡Ҷ꾪ȵʵ
֪ǴӦˡͷԵŮˣ²ɵģȥҲһüͷҶҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʵҲǲ֪µӰ죬֪СʱǲȰģΪǶһʲô
Ϊϲһķ飬źܶ˶⣬飬Ҳû˺ˣֻһĸĸѡ
ȻĻôЦ㲻ӦȥעҶЩֵ˵
ǿЦģһ¹һ£ģҰҵģҶ˺˵
Ҷ˵£СҲãҲһעˣ
ûܾòáҶ˵
û£ǳģһܿɰҲϲĵطҶ˲˵ʶС̿ʼڣ֪ٴÿֻһᣬȻˡ
ʵҲˣڽ֮󣬵ڶһ׼ϲԵĶȻһЦŴš
ֹȥ˼죬СƺûܵԽԽӰ죬ȻҲ׼ţȥԼȥЩʲôֻΪԼеѹˡ
СӣΪʱ׼ţսŵɳе㲻ƽˡ
ϻɳΪεĴÿÿʱÿ̶׼ΪԼӵĺһ㣡
գ׼ĽĿͲ˵ˣвμӴĲŮ׼˶ҪŬ
ҪԼѾٴΪ˽Լøӵ
ּ尾ҿ࣬ŴҶף֪
ڣȴСȴյģͺû鷢һӻ޼ɵĳԶӴоԽԽ
ǾСûлᣬҲܲˬÿ춼ţ͸Ӳˬˣ


47 ţ1
ɳĲˬڻôʱڱˣ˵š
ߣûȥȥӮǰɡҲǣŮˣôܻӮҿ㻹ǳҪۺһ㡣
ԭһͨĻţҶ˵Щ仰ȫʲô仰ȴ̼Сֻ̣Ϊ˵˲ͬ
Ҷ˵ٴ̼ҲϣΪ֪Ҷûģ˵Ļͻ᲻һˣҪ˵С
ģҲģҲһӮӮ㣬һҪӮùھС̲ʾ˵
Ĭʱ˶Ĭˡ
ŵľǺôЦȻ֪СȥμӱҲ֪ƵԵʣҲûȥЦ
ȻڵͲͬˣС̾Ȼ˵ҪӮ˵ҪӮùھ˾̫Цˣͺ¼ЦЦ
㣬ƾҲӮңҪӮùھǴҶϹˣȻ͵±Ͷ̥˵ɳ޼ɵЦţݺݵزС̡
Ⲣ˵ģɳ󻹼ŵӣⱲӣֻֻȥȦС̣Ӧýգ
㡭С̱˵˵κλۿ֮УƺˮҪ
ʱҵ˶ڳĬȻ˵ЦС̣ȴͬϾҶͬѧһôˣҲе顣
Ҳ˵С̵Ե㲻ûеκˣ˵谭֮ͬ飬ԸмĹؼԸϵĲҶ˵̬ȾͿɼһ
ǵģûںԲŻμεĴҶ˲̲
һһƺ벻ͨ⻰е˼ܿģǶˡ
ꡭ
һЩ̲סʼЦа̾仰ļֱ˰ʯͷԼĽš
Ҷˣ˵˭ɳŭ
㣡Ҷ˺ܸɴػصֻǰȥͶѣΪ˺ȥȦ
Ҷˣ˵ˣ˵ġСһ˵
ĵ˵ȻָɳҶ˰ѾܶΣָҶһӴһˣμӴĲŮǶ˵
ʲô˭ӣҶʮ٣ϻǲè𣿡Ҷ˺ŵ˵չӵܵһ档
仰ҲڳˣСҶʮ٣һǲЩμӴĹСǣָǵı˵Ҳֻ
꣬Ҷ˵ݾᱻ˺ӣһֱܵ͵⣬᷸Ժ˿ЦõͬʱҲ˾ú׽ҪĻٻȥ˵ġ
ҵ˸ӵĻݣദĶˣҲͺȻزҶ˵ʲôˣͬѧѡ
ʱɳɫúѿƺҲע⵽һ㣬ĪȻѧԺĴӣĴӼҲҶһ˵ķء
һ仰ݣҶƺŵBOSSһ㣡
Ҳǣȷһ˿ǵģǡ˿԰㣬ʱ᷸Ժ׾ͻᱻ㣡СҲֱܲ˵
ȥȥҾأôԺ˰ңǾֻ±˵Ҷ˶Դҡͷϡ
˭ԺشŮң˵å׷ɱ˰졣
ⲻܹң˭ǲӲϣһΪеġ
˶֪Ůһ䣬ҪǶеģҲͲֿˡԺҲǵһˣ
Ҫ˵ӾͲˣҪӮȺҪǿˡҶ߳ŭ
Сû˵㻹˵ᡭȵȣո˵ʲô
Ҳûʲô˵Ҫǿǰ㲻㡣Ҷ˰ڰ˵
ңа취𣿡С̻ɵ
취кܶ࣬ͿôѡˡҶװˣֶͷбˡ
ʲô취СʱҲûҶ˵ΪֻЩŵʵȻϣԼӮƺܡ
м򵥵ĲģҲиӵʹģѡ
򵥵ģС̺ܸɴ˵˶ѡ
򵥵İ취һǮͨЩڣвһǣ֮£ʱǸھ㻹ֵҶ˵һ˵صİ취Ҳֻᡣ

СڳĬһ֮󣬾˵ǻһɣã
취û˻ỳҶְܼҵĸԣϲģǲǻɹ


48 ţ2
Ǿ΢鷳һģĶ취ɵǲμӲ˱ܣвǵݣҩ˵伫Ҷһ취취ƺе䱾ˡ
ͣͣ취ҲãһҪһ˺˵ģһİ취С̿ʼܲҶˣĻȥ
ðɣǾЩİ취취ҿ࣬ʱ»ҪϿʼжھߣֱٻǾͰ֪ͨһ¼ˣѧУ١Ҷһ˵ţһ߾׼뿪ֱίб֪ͨ
СԺˣҶҪʲô
߰ɣɵվŲңһӮùھְܲ˼ˡҶеҡͷ
СɻվŽɵظҶˡ
ʱҶаһЦɳ˵ǸʱСһ㣬ʱʲô¹ϣ
ҪʲôҲ㣡ɳǿ򶨵˵
ҶʱҲɳСȥڴ˺ĶʮһֱĿʼ˶ûٳֹ
뿪֮󡭡
ҶˣΪʲôҪңС̺ɻҶΪʲôͻȻԼԸûɻ£һԼӮ£Ӳܡ
ҶڻصͰʲôΪʲôģΪǰװæģҪӦһ¡
Ȼ˵⣬СҲƺоһ㣬ΪϲԼ裬˿ᣬԲŻͦ
ʲô£СЦʵ
ԺҪԵģݸ㣡Ҷ˵˵С̵ĸһֻȥΪ̫鷳ˣøȻóԣǷ̫ˣ졣
ֻҪӮαҿлĪһһҶԵģҪԶ٣Ҿ͸٣С˵ŲԼ⻰ʲôĺֻҪܰʤʲôԸ⡣
˵ˣԺҶȻҲ⻰ʲôԾֻǸԼƵһ˽˵ġؼ
ҶˣҪôأСڲȥʣҶ˵ʲô취
Ҷ⻰֮󣬾ͱú࣬˵ţںڻüȻĶʮ죬㽫ڵһ㣬һһܳɹϾʱ̫ˣҲʵ̫ˣ
ڵҲһҪȥСҧҧǼ˵
ȻǾľɡҪ΢һ㶼ãƫƫ㣬黭һᣬҲһûȥѧһߣȻٶķ⣬ʿҲҶһ˵һҡͷԵСԽԽ졣
˰ɣ˵Ҿѹ㣡ڣС߳ŭˡ
ǳʱ̣Ҳֻ÷ǳֶˣҶ˸̾

֮ڽļˣ鷢չú˼ܶ˶ڹעʧеҶˣȻ˹עĽǶȺ鶼ͬ
죬ҵСҵûУʵϳʱֱҶ죬ƺŰµҴۡ
Ⲣٹ˽ΪΪҶˣеͷʹúõһ£ڵȴеЦã
˵Ҷ˴С뿪ĻҲҶұȽżҶôˣҶżҲг̶ȵģҶҲ֪Ҷ˵Ը񣬾Ļ
ûУҲˣҲ֪СҪʧ٣ҪԶ֣ôҲҲԿ϶ǣһǵĸǲ֪ʲôطҶеε˵
ҶҲʧٹܶΣÿζԶ֣һθοԼҲ»ҶȻҲ̫ൣģǰô
Ҷ֮ǰһЩúܶʱе£Ⱥ֮Σ
Ⱥ˱ǲμȦģǲŮ˫ĲŮǣյϢ󣬶ҶʲôԼ顣
˭ұ֤Ҷ˻ʲôǰЩΪһɵɵ¾Ϳݣ˺µģ˭֪˺ġ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ʲôҪǽаܣвµĻݣǾͿʼˣʼԼܵԼҹͣģ
ЩŮļΪҲҶˣҵʵֻʵѰҶ˵䣡
ûʵͷʹѣҶвǵȷе֣Ҳҿ϶ҶСӻ᲻ȥʹЩ£ҲֻòŮעⰲȫ


49 ţ3
ʱ򣬻ʵҲ֪ҵõҶ˵ĻһҲͽˣͬʱҲ֪ҪҵҶ˼ǲܵģҵĻҶҵǸѾͷԼıŮͣˣ﷢Ƣˡ
һҲú棬Ȼ֪Ҷ˾ڸû뿪ҲⲢǵһˣÿ벻ĵط
һΣȻҶ˲ûȥǣڵĵطȴҲǱ벻ģ
ϣβҪһЩ飬ŻŻ˼ҾˣȥЩ顣ʵЩͷʹ˵
ö˶˵ģСȥŻЩʲôڵãԼˣܿ࣡
ӦòġҶûĵ˵
Ⱥ󳼳ĬˣЩԼŮŮ֮ŮеģƺˣԼҪȷȥǣָʼҺҶҡ
룬˵ҶЩ飬Ϊ˾븸ĸĻ᲻ȥͷأɣһء
ιιĶӣô᲻֪أʵƺûע⵽ҵı飬Ҷ쳶ľԻԼ˵ġ
ֲ֪ǲ֪Сɵ»𣿡Ҷεҡҡͷ
˵ҲǣȲ˵ˣʱЩ˵ˡмҺ֣ǸС˭ΪʲôС벻ȥʵͻȻؼ
С̣ҲˣŮҶص֪ʵʵС̵ݣӦѾ˵ˡ
ʵŬ룬Ȼ˵ŶеӡƺǸ¥⣬ڻڸ𣿡
Ҳڵ۹Ȩģ˵ԵţЩ˶ǲϤΪ£˶ע⵽ҵĴڣ˵һ˵飬Ժĵ·ù
ʵ֮ԶӡҲΪǻʼҵΪõһλʵ۵ϲ͵õϮλ
Ҳֲ뷨跨ĽӽʵˣΪֻҪϲʱضޣ丣񣬵ȻҲܻŵѣЩջвԸð
ڣζ¥Ҳյ۹İ괫ͳϵˡҶص
ζ˵ǸζĳµһҲܾá
ֻһЩҵһҵľ¥żߵļʮѾûˣȻֻǰԣһͨ˵һһ壬ţֻͨ˵
Ȳ̸Һһ㣬СǲŵĳգȻĻôСôģ⼸ʲô¶䲻ȵģԼ飬Ҳδػľٶʵɵ
˵С̵ĳһҲôһҶĻشȻǺֱӣȴҲ׵֪С̳ĸסĶӡ
죬˵ҪҪҲСһѣȥСӮأʵƺԽԽȤԼڳ֮ϡ
ҲôðѾһ棡ҶЦ˵
޳ܣʵҶ죬Ͼڳ֮ϣеעġ
Ҷƺ׻ʵ۵˼Ȼһ䣺˴˱˴ˡ
ϣΪʲôС̻ӮôܻӮһλЩ߿˵Ϊʲô߿ȻΪһλŮĳ
һģвִ󳼣ͬڻʵҶֿʾȻǲǿңһʵĲ
С̵ȷǲܻӮҶǸСӣκ˵ˡʵҡͷ΢Ц
ϣɲҶĻֻŮ˳
ǰĻǸɴ඼˳ˣܱ˺ǵŮá

ҲҪҲƻصģһαĹµĻҾΪδУǾͲ˱򣬷ģһǵİȫʵ˵ʱҪֳԼƫ̻κˣʵûƫֻ̻Щ˶ѡ
ʲôãСǰܵļ£һδεȥҪԸǵĻǽͲұ֤ˡ
Ҷ쿴ЩĴ󳼣аЦƺΪԺȻװһ棬һҲһᾡľЩ˵ӡ


50 Ů1
ǻڿ˭أǲǡǰλֿˣұԼŮ֡
ŮȻҵŮȽʤ㣡Ů黭ͨһλ˵ˡ
黭ʲô̫ͨˣŮͲһˣΪʦһ輼˵ľ裡
˲Ů
ӭ쳯֮ϵĵһαۻᣬǲŮ˫һı
ȿȣʵ۷һԣЩ˵ġ˵һЩĻ
ǵŮŮܲǵ۹ĲŮƽʱĻһѡеһһΣһǻѡС̣
Ϊʲôڹƽ£ôӮ
ǲصĹƽ⣬˵ƽ͹ƽȻǾú񲻿ܣǼȻҶСѹС̣ǽͺ˵ˡʵ֪ǻɣɹƽ⣬һγ岢֤
Ϊʲôѵ˵ҶıСǸһǴŮھԲܵĹƽ£ʤô˵Ů
ҲʵҡͷһߵҶƺҲͬһ㣬ֻΪС̵̫˼ˣҲı䲻ˣοҶһԺС
ǡǻû˵껰ʵ۾һֺʥ̬˵һܲ˼ػ

˳Ĭ
ǿǾԲŮһ۰˶ʼɣʵид˵ƺôһʼɡ

ԴˣҲûлˣǶٶ˵һ㣬ҶܼҰܼҵ󾭳£һǱ˶ĺ¡
ʵǺܶ˶֪Ҷ˵ǰܼҷ棬еһЩҲֳûΪ˾֪ȻеԺ·ʽ֪˹ٴˡ
ǰʱл椿Ų֣һ·ʱʱǰпӣûȴĲűԵȥʱڽʲô߿׹ȴΪһЩֵԭ򣬲ǵǰǺ棬ڱϣºźؿһ£Ȼˡ
ֻܽûʵ۵Ǿ仰Ů̫۰ˣһ˺᲻ã
ǣҲÿζôˣܶʱİܼңôҿ϶ͻɹҲɵ仰Ҳ飬ȻĻҪʲô˶Ÿ
ǳɹʧܣĿΪ˰ܼңҶһ䣬ǱСһ£ӮҪ⣡
ţעķֱǣһԭܵпܣⲢ˵һᣬҪעĻǮĴ㣡ʵ΢Ц
Ȼ˵ʵ˵мķգҲҲС̣ȴкܶ˵ĶעѹС̵ϣԭŵС̱ÿʼеˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ΪʵעˣЩΪʵʾãͶѹһ㣬˵һֽʷãһֶע
ⲢǴע̸۵ص㣬ص㻹Ҷϣעʲôط׼ʲô飬ҪôķʽӦα
һʼʱ򣬺ܶ˶ڵȴҶһЩɵ£һЩȽϷ飬Ҫַ񣬾Žд̼
ܶ˶ΪҶСӮֶΣǽЩһһϵҲΨһĿܣĻŬıҲãСҲڶʱƼɷˡ
˵Ҫиµʱ仹пܣǸҲСֻжʮ죬·˼
˶ʧˣһֱҶ˶ûжһжǷƽ˾ģ
ѵ˵Ǳǰ
ЩµĲŮԼǣȻûзŵʱ̣ôиҲΪڱʼʱоϺҪһһȺȺȫװӶԼóʮֽţ
ôˣǲطˣǲŮ˫ħ侺һЩĹʵ
ûŮ˫ĳֳ˻ش
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôųǰɣΪивЩŮȫԾô˽ŵıǡ
ʲôȻҪЩŮ˭ңҪˣһ˺ŵ˵òһ
ΪĻҲõҵ֧֣ϾﶼǳŲŮģŮǳʲôҵȻԸ⡣
ֻǣȴˣ̫شûеõҵ֧֣õһЩ˵ĳЦӣ


51 Ů2
ƾ㡭Ȱ㻹С˵һ㣬Ȼ仰ҪǱͻ鷳е㲻м˵
һʼ˻㲻״һᣬȻŷӦƾôˣҿǡ˱Լݣòƺǿֻ˶ԡ
˭Ҫ۹Ļ壬ŴȨģ㻹ǰؿҪ˵֪Ĵ󻰣Ȼǲм볰
ʲôˣʱ˲е棬Ҳĵطһˣܽѹġ
ǵҶʮү򵥵ػش𣬲Ҫ̫͡
˳ĬˣȻûҶʮү飬Ҳ֪Ҷʮү˭ǾһҶҾͿκε
һ㣬ΪʲôЩ˵Ҷʮү˵׽ǲӦúҶʮ٣вЩŮ
Ū˵˭Ҷˣʵϲ˾õ󲿷ֵ˶һ־磬᲻ȥҶʲô
ǶҶ˵׽ڳĺܶ˶⣬ҶȻֻ֪ҪܼңڰܼҵĹ֮УȴҲ˲˰
ǰɵɵԸȻܶ˾ҲòȥԸúܶ˾УаŮӵ
ҲΪ֧൱ĸߣЩ֧ʵ˻֪߳ٱ
һܼӣҶϣνǰ޹˺ߣ
ԭΪҶ⼸ĵ͵ƺǰʱָоֻȻоǺ׼ȷ˵ǺܵܵģǺ˺ǵġ
ìܵǣʱԽĸоȴԽһ
ͺܶһŮ˫ıҲԤѡⲢʲô˶ԲμӵĴС˵ֱӵԤѡ̭
ľԤѡʼӲĲŮѡʮԽģԤѡΪĲŮĶ٣ѾݵĲյأӶʱ䣡
һεԤѡ죬Ůǵı˿ۻĿϾӣиԵ֧ţǼһϲǡ
Щ̭ĲŮǣҲһܴҵĻӭֻҪʵϣ
ʮ˭ȴǴĵ飬ĵǣΪʲôҶС̻ûг֣
ѵ˵ҶֻǣˣС̵Ҳʵûа취ķǳ취ʧЧˣ
ǵģ
ʱ̣ڴҶЩʧʱһ˵ĳ֣óöʱ˷
һഺŮױգףŮеĳУĹâҲ˿һֺĸоӳ˽һ䡪
ȵȣҡС̡ŮΪ̫ܵ˵еģڳҲǺ
С̣ǸٶӴŮ
С̣ǰɣСҲ̫˰ɡ
ܣһ٣
ҶСӣȻô޳ܣ˸棬۸ǰɣ

ֳϱһ˵ĺУҶ˵Ϊʾ飡
ܿģҶԭֻǡ龪һΪŮ὿˭Сֻ̣ģǾһǸС̣ߣҿɱ֪ٱ
Ŷԭˣ˵СôܱҲ̫˼ˣŮĽ˵Сܶ౶ͬ
֪Ϊ˭ʲôŮ
ʮҺ˵С̳ھԤͲμˣϼС̵֣Ůƽ˵
²аɣϹءίǶУֻƺֱ˵УҶʮ٣ܻء
֪ǻ˵ʮ˵ˣǵСֻرӣӦ˵ԭڵٵһȻС̲ϣ

вǳв
Դˣ˿ʼ飬ҪвԼǲвѡܣǲðգҲҶҡ
˵ʮһ˺ʮʵҲû̫𣬶ҪǣǲС̻ǹΣա
Ӷġг֮£ӶС̲ͨԤѡֱӽˡ
ҲʷǰģûûľͲмΪͼ顣


52 Ů3
ǴӦ˰һ׼һ̨ˣˣ˵ˡŮòЩʧΪһսص׼˺ܶ˵ǡ
ȴ֣Щ˾׾ٵĴӦˣ׼͵ǰ׷ˣ
ˣˣŮڰ֣ӯĽŲ뿪
վס
һŮ뿪𣿺ȻǲܵģԸ⣬ڳŮǾԲԸ⡣
ǱǵȴҶ˳ֵҶ߹
ҶСɣ㲻Ҫ̽ʮٵ䣬ΪҲ֪ŮЦ˵Ҷƺе֡
Ů˵㲻Ҫģ˵߹ҴŸ㣬ľУһ֣
Цú֣ǲƭңҶŮɵŮ΢Цƺʲô
ЦΪʮٵĻԭΪǲôӦԾͰˡŮ֮ôһթζƺڽʲôı
ˣʲô˼Ҷ߹ɻʵ
˵ҪǾС̲Ҿҽ̨裬Ӧúܶ˶뿴ɡУ߹̨衭
ҿô˵һȺǱߺڰԼΪʲôôӦˣӦټּ֣ҪҶ߹裬Ǹʵǡ
ʱҶ߹ɫѾڣͬŭҶˣС쵰ﲻƤˣ
ΪʲôһķӦɺܼ򵥣Ҷںܶǰһ裬ǸǾֻǽҶԼΪģõʱһζԻͿС

㣬ոǲǳˣҶ˺ǹĵʵ
裡ҶЩ˵
ԭ谡ôôӲҲôͣľͷһҶ˴˵ףԭǸ衣
𣿡ҶĶͷֺߡ
ʵòұ㿴Ҷ֧֣ǶЦǲ֪ŶʲôǲǽĶǻģҶ˺ʵ˵ţ仰һЩŭתƵϡ
С˵㲻˵û˵ưͣС꣬úܺã迴㣬ԺòҪڱǰŶӣѾҪſڵˡ


߹ĸ裬Ҷ֮ͬȻܺˣһͻֻܵϻҲ
ΪǾڲ򳪸裬˭ͺ˭Ҫ˵̨ȥݡ֪˶Ҷ˵ŭжôߣ
ںܶ˵УҪǵգҲһζϾ˶еľɫŮ
ȴһֱκ˻ᣬȻвҶˣ
ǼǵҪúýѵŶҧãŮƤЦţıóѵĿУȻʧڷŭڴ˷ܵȺ֮С
ڵʱĳЩңֶ࣬ŮӰҲ֮ʧʼնû֪Ů˭
ҲһڻɣŮһˣȴܿҡͷϣΪ̫ԶˣǸƵģⷴʵ̫ˣ
ǻҲΪŮ񣬲־òΪŮдƤУǸ˵߰ȫ
Ϊʲôһ̫ˣѵΪ̫ˣãϾȥ
ʱҶ߹ҲںڣԼǸʱӦù֪ӦðǸŮ£úǲ֪ҶҲ֪֮ǰʲôط
Ů֮ǰһģ
Ҳûа취ˣֻܵȵ˵ʱǰǰƤɣ
ʱ˿̣ĳ
С˭ңţĳ̣Ǿ˵ʱ̣ʮĿҲмֵˣҶ˴һ磬Ȼҡο飬ͬʱ²˵š
ߣ˵ɣʮҶ첻ˣȴͷβһ߿Ϸ
˿Ϸһʲôҿɰﲻ㣡ҶȻػص
ҵʾҾһŬ
ŶǼͣţҿŶɹģҶ˺˵ţóһӣд˼ֵ֧ĴһߣŻһҡҡΣ顭
ôȥ
ˣȻôġ
ߣ˵𣿡
û˵Լ˵ģ




53 ̣1
󣬲Ů˫ڵأʱ
ܹעˡҶС̣ȴûг֣
˵Ѿ쿪ʼˣСôûܲҪ˵ֱӸС̻˵ʲôͰԭȵĸɵɡҶûг֣ڳίǣҲЩŮǵĳǣʼеҲ²ˡ
ϴε˵пܻ
ӦòܣҶҲһ˺ǹϵ˵
ڣСӻˣҶҵʱôľ˵ҶֻҲ͸һССͷ

˵Ϊʲôƽ޹ʵģСܵһʲôС̲ǺֺѿΪʲôˣڳܶ˵ڻǲһ㣬ҶôͻСأ
СҪûмҪûģҪòǾ͸ûˣһӦúҶʮнˣƫƫȴ˵õİ
ʵЩ֮УҲ룬ԼŮŮҶ˿УõİȵõŮ˫ĻҪá
Ȼ˵Ҷǹϵķϲģûκԣǿļһֲȱ㣡
ǰһ׳գҲźܶҪףȻǰû߹δޡ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻ֪ɳҵǸѾͷСҲμҲͲˣ
ʱ򣬸ˣĿⶢסɳҵĿԭͲǺǿڸˣ˸żԹޡ
ɳҵļҲջȻҲ²ܹɳȴĺܶϵһ֣Ȧˣģ
֮ǰڼɳΪʲôҶܼӲҪΪʲô׽ˮ¥̨ȵµĵȻС̡ȵǡ
ĪȻҶ˻ǲ̫ˣ˵ɳΪ˰ĻǵûʲôΪ˹ϵ棬ȷʧأ
ô˵Σɳǵõ˻ҲһܣСأνˣӮԿ
Ҷ˵Ļ˵ǹŵĻЬӵ
ڵǣҶΪʲôڻûг֣мλ֮ҲͽˣǾȨҲ޷ٸıѾµʵ
ѵǲ²ҪֱӰѻ£ȻС̴棿
Խǵ棬²ƺԽ˳£ΪвŮˣҶ˻ûе
ӣɵϡô֣Ҷ꿴ų˵֮еĵһչš
Ҷ꣬ˣȻ˵ǾͻȻǱһ㣬ɵһ㣬ûʳԹ߹ĵİοһҶꡣ
֪Ҳŵģʲô⡭Ҷ굣ǵ
߹ĬҲһ㣬ֻȴֹ۵Ϊյ۹һĶֵû˸ҶҶһһ
ףǸŮˡ߹ǸǲϴǸͻȻҶָһƺһϯλмƺһʶˡ
ĸûǰǸŮˣоܲһףҶ꣬ȥ߹ͻȻҶѾ˳ȥһҲֱӴм̨ȥ
һᣬȻѡһĿɿڴжҶ˹ȥ˶ԼħԾƵ¯࣬ʵ˳档
Ѿͷʲôڿкܶ˿ţŮ͵ˣôҵŮҲšϯ̨ϵĻʵ۶Ҷ˵
ǰʲô£˵˲ʧͬʱʧҲҶС쵰ѵϢˣ
ӦǣǺȥһˡ
Ǻ񣬸ǣǶץ˼ˣУո˵ʲôʲôŮ͵ˣ
ȿȡ

£ҶС㣬ּˣֻǣܷܲһ㡣ҶץŵŮò˵š
ңҵܵȥˣҶ꿪żɽʵ
ŮһЦ˵Ҳ֪Ҹոջ֪ỳɣҲֻܸ㣬֮ǰʮٶǺһģ֮ҾͲ֪ȥ
ǰҶҪʵʱһͻȻ֣ϡ
£С㣬ǹȥλС㣬ЩҪʣһλʼŻʵ۵
ڻʵע⵽Ҷ˵Ķ֮ʱѾ˹ȥһʲô˾ȵ飬ҲҪ֪صŮ˭
ʵҶ춼˲ǲ鲻ŮݣǸе⣬۶֮УȻǲ鲻ˡ


54 ̣2
վһûҶǺ˵仰Ϊ֮𾪣ƺҲ˵֮С
С㣬ҶҲԸ㣬ԵһᣬǻһҪ֪⡣
ҲŲǡҶȻܾҶ˲ģĶҪվ
Ҷ꣬ǺһɣҶҪ֪Ҳһʱˡ߹üסҶꡣ
ðɣǾһ𣡿㣡Ҷ˵Ůֱӷɱʵ۵ڣҪ֪Ļһ·ϲ֪ᱻ¶ٴΡ

ҶҶʵ۵֮󣬵ʵֱŮ֮󣬵ǸŮ֮ڳ˶Ŀɿڴһŵı顣
⣬ôܣôһ
˵̣ܣܣʵҶͬǵĻҲڳڶʿһͬġ
ΪʲôܣҶ߹׵ʵ
Ƿ绨ѩ¥һͷƣĵĴԴ۶ԣôܻôСŮʵ۽͵
ֻǴ԰ɣûп
˭˵ûǡҶӻ
ȿȣʵ̿ԣҶĻ
ϰ֣ʣǡ
ҶǸĿڵǸʲôȻûпϢʵɿġ˵ǰ̿ˣûһĵϢ˵ֻͣʮ߰꣬ôṆ̀ҿҲжʮˡ
ǿͬͬհɡ
Ҿ˵ĵ̣Ǹֻڷ绨ѩ¥ݸ˿ʱ򣬲Ŵģ˲ǶϲŮ𣿻УҿûжʮôϣұʮٻСŶǸֻǻױʱ΢һ㡣Ц˵
СҪҪƭǣһ棬Ӧ֪ˣճ֪ж׷šңһʮСĳһ棿ʵ۵Ȼš
绨ѩ¥ǵ۶¥ҴСﳤ˵һ᲻һ棿ӣ⻹Ϊʮ٣˵ϲǸӣϴɾ̽⻰Ե÷ǳ
˵ʲôҵܵҪҪǸһ£ҾͰɱˣҶŭԲܽԼĵܵܣһ¥Ůӻһ
ֻǣ˵Ҷ˵Ůӣ̵ɴɫǣ
ҶС㣬ҲҪᣬֻѵС̶ѡĵ˵֮һӵ⡣
֪ͺãԺҵܵܣҶ˿û֮ͬ⣬Ϊ˱Ҷˣ˺ˣҲԥѡ˺
ôһѵȥ绨ѩ¥ˣ߹Ĺؼ
ˣǲҪ֪ʱʲô¡繫˵ģȷ¸ʮ֮Ƿ绨ѩ¥ӶʮǰһֱǰҵıԺСһ𣡡˵¸ʮʱƺед
ʱҶ߹Ҳһ㣬и뷨һѵ˵ʮǰѾ
ֻʱ˶û˼ȥҲҲȫҪ
ʵҶȴһ£ֲҲԭȥ绨ѩ¥ˣС治ǶȥҲ֪ͨһǿһȥ
ΪʲôҪСȥ˲⣬ȫҶݵһ
ΪСѧŮӦеǣҪС̶ʣ֮ǰС̵״ֻ˵Ҳ̶ã΢Цʱ;úЦ
ڵһοС̵ʱֱ˵ǲܰ쵽ģû뵽ȴ֮⣡
ҪѧϰЩҶΪʲôҪȥǷ绨ѩ¥Щ˭Խ̣ΪʲôҪѡ߹׵ʵ
飬ܶ˶ɣҲԣڶʱɵģֻطһǻʹһ¥ʮ˵ġ΢Ц˵
仰ûʵ۵е㲻ȻСӣȻûʹ¥Ტۣ
仰һʱһŮ˵ʣڱϵģֻлʹ¥ⳡأô̵ʱɵĻҲͨĻʹ¥õ
ƾ¥ܽǰŮģͿ֪еʹͺ˵̫ˣ
Ȼ֪ʹҲԣΪʲôҪȥֲǲʹ߹ǲ⣬ҶΪʲôҪ֮ѡȥ


55 漣ĵ1
ЦЦ˵ҲʹҲش˵ĲŮ˫ռίڶˣҪס˵Ŀ⣬ȻҪ˵ֻҪСܽȺ˶Ͱٷְٵõһ

ȷⳡȻ˵ʲôձݣʵȴɫչʾɫռ˺ܴı
󲿷ֵĲŮмһ㣬ΪǾԼ˵ǲգҲͺٻɫ࣬Ҷ˾ͲЩˣֻҪӮͿԣ˵ˣֲɫ࣬͸˼ɡ
ֻмȴһ⣬СɫɫжԸˣӦ˵
ĻſԣС̣漣֣Ҳʵ˵˵
ǰǸӣһܸĹʮ죬иƣҲ̫Զ̫ԶҶֱӵ˵
ҵҲǺһ뷨ʮҾҲǲܣʮСˣ޷õһ档̸̾˵
޷õһ棿һ棿
˻ҪŪµʱҪʵʱ˵š
λɹСַ̾˵ʹ࣬ȻǼƾһ㣬Ҿɹ
˵ʹࣿ仰֮УҶܲ²⵽һЩСΪһαѰ޷Ĵۣ
Ҳʮ٣ԸıһˣҾһܺõӣҲһ棡ҲܺԽ˵ԽᣬֻԼ˵š
ʮദڸıС̵ʵͬʱԼҲı仯ƺˣҲıС̵ĲԼͬԼıҶˡ
ҶһܸоһȻ׽һĻָһ棬ɢһֳȾ㴿֮
ʲôҶ˵ʲôҲһ⣬Ҫ˵
γһ㣬ЦЦȻҡҡͷ˵ûʲôǿźˣС̻Ǵһ
ͲֱӸǣڵС̵ʲôӣҶֶʲô£߹üϲȥҶ˵ϣҪȷ֪ʲô
ʮʲôҡҡͷҲǺףֻ֪һЩС̵巢ı仯ҲС̴ܴʹࡣСÿ컹Ҫڳʹͬʱǵѵ
ı仯˲⣬ʲôı仯ҶʲôǶ֪
ȻҶ֪Ҷ˻֪ȴֻһͨѧԱ̶ȣ嵽ȴһ֪
ҶΪҶ˵ʲô֮ΪҶһֱܵ͵ԵʣҲΪûʾⷽԵʡ
ԣһΣźܶ˶Ϊġ𾪡
ţ棬浽˲ţʮС̸ոҪ˵ʲôʱͻȻֻͣΪʱгһ仯һ˵ı仯
ʱ̨֮ϵĲŮѾӽβˣûⷢĻһεıҲ᳾䶨
ʱ̣⣬Ӧ˵Ǵһֱε飬˳µķˣ
˼ˣǸǸһһŲ̊汼һһߵǸ
˭ڳ˭ϳǴһֱڵȴ²ˣǸʧ˶ʮҶʮ١
Ҷˣ
ֻǣŵǸŮ˭⣬ҶʣҲҪС̵Ϊʲôһ
û˻ŮС̣ΪŮҪģҪòòԲС֡޲Ʒ
˼Ϊһһ㣬øϡҶֱ̨˵ע֮£Ǹ⣬ǵȻ˵š
飡ͻȻҶ˱һСȭһԴ
㣬Ҷ˿ôԼˣʹ
㣿ǾҶˣ֣ոҶ˵ı
Ѿͷôܵô죿
ʵ۵ʱŷ֣ҶѾԼʧ̨ܵϣƺûһע⵽ͬʱҲ֣߹ҲһʧҶ˵ıϡ
˵´θк򣬸ʧĻҾ㣡Ҷȭͷʾ
ڲ𣿡ҶԻʵ
ֻССĴһ£ỹԶҶһߺߵһ߿ʼҶ飬ϸ۲ǰûб仯ȷûгԿ࣬ûˡ



56 漣ĵ2
ַɵˣңΪʲôôҶָһҶ˵Ķͷ
ΪţģŮ˰ĥĥġҶ˰ڰ֣űϵŮ
ţ
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ǰŮһɫɫȹչڴҵУǾԺͷʴκεĹϵҪ˵ʣҲǷزβǸŮ˶ʼߵķΡ
ϸС޳ȣǼֱħĵĴˣ
ŮϸƤз۵СĳŮסκ˵Ŀ⣡
ŮķҲܱ£ҶǴûмģҲеҪģŮһ٣滹һЩɫëͷ˳ֱģڴµĲֳɺȻľ
һеһУΪһ߹֮дһɰһ㽿С
ߣΪ㣬·û׼ãҪȥ޸ģŮţԴ˱ʾҶ˵Ŀ顣
У͸׼ˣ֪زСô࡭Ҷ˺˵
Ůһ죬߷ߵҸ˵ܶˣвλˣǵز
һҶһνӡ
һ
ˣ
ǣǣ㲻ҪǻԶˣ
ҶŮʼ۲ݣЩоеԺȫ֪ڳʲôһԿ϶Ůز⡭
ȱˣܵܣƭĿɰСֻܲһ㣬߹£Ҷֹ۵ͬʱҲŮһܸߵۡ
ιιǱҲһ㣬㲻£߹
Сǵ۾һˣСɰˡҶΪǸŮͣڻԸеģͿɰϱߣƳģΪȫ
ֻǣⷽƲǺרҵ룬ҺεЧԣ
ˣˣҪʼˣţͿˡҶ˵֮󣬾Ϳʼ⡣
С̶ڣʲôҶֵʵ
˭˵ڣұϡҶָűϵŮ˵Ů΢΢һЦƺڸ
ڳûһ˻ţǰС̵Ҳڻɡ
С쵰ƭϽ㣡Ҷܲ˵˵ҺݺݵһҶ˵ĴԴ
Ҷˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣΪԼҶҵʮүͿҸС̱
ϣ˵ҪαĹԣ𣿡
һʱ֮䣬濪ʼȺӿ˶ΪҶһǾԲǰСŮǸѿС̣
Բܣ
ˣҲǿҷҶֶӮȻǵҲ뿴Ůıݡ
ҶˣȻ֧С̣ҲֶΣ𹫷ߵġʵۿЦһ£Ȼ󷢻
СˣҪӮҲҪӮùҶҲŷе˼ҲԣһҶߵŮǸС̡
ӮúܹڵɲҪˢֶӮˣҶƺûз⣬һߵҶ꼸Ůֱҡͷﰵ
ӣ
һίʼ߷߲ƽغС̣ȻǲҪʲôֶΣǣİ֣ڳԼϵĴڣ
ҪǾ˳
ϣ㲻
һʱ֮䣬ֿʼȺӿˣȺίҲǲŮǵļˣʼ󺰿ںţ˳㽫ʵˮ
Ҷˡ
˵ʲô߰ģȻе仯ǷšС̣ţʹҴкעʣҶƺŷ֣ոûСҽܣƺҲܳٶ۵ΪΪǻ˻ɡ
СһȻú˵ţŶҺãС̣
Ŷָ߹ʣ˸еϢҲȫһʱ֮Ĭ
Ƭ̼ž֮󣬽žһ󱬷ˣ
ӾԲС̣ɱӣһţ
˴棬ҲҸȽϿ׵ģҲ̫ˣǰ׳𣿡

Ҷˣ̫޳ˣ֧㡭
Ҳ֧㣡

ţҲ֪˭Ŀںţԭȫַ֮Уһ֡г֧֣֧ƺԽԽ
Щ졭


57 漣ĵ3
Ϊʲô֧֣ϻʲôģŮģǲŮģ
ǲŲŮ˭ֻҪʣܹһĲգǾͿˡ
ǰС̣ǲǼٻʾԿǰЩгԽǵƣֺαȥأ
ʮ٣޳ܰɣ֧㣡
ҼɫŮ
˼̫˼ˣ죬̫˼ˣʵҶļ˵ţһԵĸ̾
лл֧֣Ҷƺûв֧⣬ֲ֧ǳߵŮС̡
Ҷˣ̫һʸίİֻȴ˵Ļ̫ʲôոƺܶѾЩ޳ܱ֮Ĵˡ
֮ܶǲеģǾС̽˱һΣʵ죡
ôˣ˵ʲôˣС̣Ҷе㲻ͷ˵ţǸɳ壬ˣн𣿡

˼ҽûûŪ˵ĳ̶Ҳ̫ˣ
Ҷˣ˵С̣ó֤֤ǣһ˺仰õܶ˵ĸͣҪҶó֤֤
Ҷü˵˵ǣǣҵĻ֤ݣ
Ȼƺƽȴ͸¶˲ɵǿӲһӾ˭ȥɵİԵ
һʱ֮䷢һᣬ˶ǵһοҶϻİԵֻȴֺȻģƺΪȻġ
ţȥ㳪׸裬ˣҲϲҶĲˬ벻ͷȻһʵɿСɾĻͬʱҲ̨´ȥ
Ŷ֪ˣȵȣ㲻Ұ𣿡С̿ʼͷҶ˾ȻԼȥϾͽס
ƻ֮УҶҪС̰࣬ɫӵøã
峪䣬ѾסĴˣҪٰæˡҶ˸ոһֱڿ˶С̵ĸоڵСֻ̣Ҫ⣬ǻӮˡ
УûҲҳСҶˣһӣҼڳ˶һſػСĵıڻС
ҿҪˣ̫ɰˣóҶѡ
һȺΪ֮ˣС̵֣Ѿ֤ݲ֤ˣܶҲԸҶ˵ĻΪڴҵУĳֽǶ˵һ˵ٻˣ̫˼ĻҲȥɡ
棬ҪӮˣҶ˵͸ûҪµ˼Ҫ֣ҲôͿġ
ǸûҶһõĽڡ
С̵Ķͷֺߣǿŭغߵƭңû˵õĸ裬Ҫ㴵ѣ
Ҵ𣿡
Ȼ
ȷ
ȷ
ðɣǾͿ㶨ɣŮ鷳
ߡ
ιܵܡǡʱҶ귢ƺҶѾԼ
ף㣬ǻҪһ㳪裬衭
Ҷ߹һ˸Ҷһȭ˵ǶˣҶ˾ȻԼ
ǲǾȥɣˡҶһڿռָ﷭ҵӣһ߶Ů˵
ߣʰ㣡ҶپٷȭȻ߹һȥ
֮ǰҲһ⣺С𣿡
ǵģٰҶ˵ͷش
Ȼúܲ˼飬㲻ƭңȽ֮󣬸ôġҶ߹µĻ
˶ѡҶˣӹɵģֻȷҶǲƭˣȷĻǲġ
ų̂ϵǸʹòħĵľɫŮǸŸ߹ֲʧڼŮϢŮǶʮǸҪûģҪòûòĳλŮǸڶӵŮ
仯ʵ𾪣˲ţҲѹЩ˻ԥɣ
ǻԸȥţе𾪵ǣ˾Ȼһ㣬ôģô쵽ܵ飡
һҪѰ취˵ԺҾͲ»ᷢˣҶʱ뵽ģΪҪ飬ƺ⡣
ƺȷС֮ҲкܴһŮӣӦ˵ȫŮˣҶʲô취С̱
ЩеֵŮˣҪõҶ˵İ취ϧκδۣ
ʱ˶𺳣Ҷ˵ĵС̵ĸÿһڳ˵飡
һǼ֤漣ĵ

ϡʱƺеġ
ǾͿŰɣƭҵŮƭ㣡ʵۺܿ϶˵
ֻǡ
ʱһµĵڳҪŵԼĶ˵ţ˵İ顭
̨֮ϣС۾΢΢ͷƺڸʲôʱҶ˿ֿһЩ룬Ϊ˸õͻĴڡ
죬ǣ
һǰ̧ͷ۾һ˫۾ǰ
ÿҹҵܿ㣬ܸо㣬Ψһӽʱ̣Խ֮ңԶľ롭
̩̹˺ŵ׸ɴƽٵĸ߳һֱسıβ̶ķӵĸʵӰƬŨ汾
ҲҶ˾ʺϵһ׸裬С̽Լеָ㷢øڳÿһˣ
ҲҪĪǹҪ˵ĻԼ
Ȼ׸Ϊ˸еıС̵ĸ飬ҶҲ±д˸ʣʾ֭޸ĸģһСʱˣһСʱǵڰСʱʮӡ
ʵϣΪʲôд׸裬ҪԭΪǵ׸ĸʣӢĸĸǲסֻ
׸һľ磬ڳ˶ס׸裬סС̵ĸסСʹİ
ƺܸܵǸʱС̶ڽ￴ĪǣԼĸɳһȴֻĬĬףǡ
һ׸裬Щĸȫչ˵ǰ
ְƺǺܶ˶ӵеģųɹʧܣͬǣָǿ̹ģ
һ̣ǵʼڸ¹
һ̣ǵῪʼӿ֣
һ̣Ǽ֤漣ĵ

ңԶľ룬Ҿվǰȴ֪Ұ㡭
ʹڿ
ǵģǶǡ

ҿҿɹѣӮУͬʱӦҲжǸ˵ģ
ֻǡ
ӵİܼҼƻˣ
ˣճɾҲһ£ʵ̫ΰˣ



58 漣ı1
ȴδɢ˶ؿ̨֮Уûзκε½δĸоߣ
ʱΪ¼֮һĪǣҲڹǰ棬̨ǰ棬һɳԼһγװˣֻϣһ£Ǿǡ
ǰСǼٵģ
ǵĻҲֻܽСһĪǣϣԼĪеĵλܱС̵͡
ֻ֮źܶ˶֪
ȫףĿ֮£СĪǻ࿴ŶԷš
ʱһĹȥ
ιιǵǶһ°ѾȥʮˣҲÿ˰ɣ
ţȥɣôతΪһ죬Ϊһ𣿡Ҷ˿Сվ̨֮ϣûĪȥĿⲻʱؿԼƺԼͬ⡣
ҲΪʱ䣬С̼ʲô¶ҪҶͬ⣬Ҳϰһ㣬Լ飬ҲҪҶ˵˼
ҲΪе㲻֪룬ȻĽٵʱȴԥ뺦£Ҳ֮顣
ҲҲΪҲЩҲ֪Ҳ
ҡҹȥˡС̼Ҷˣһ֮󣬲Īȥ
ʲôԥģ㻹Ϊһ̣治ŮˣؼˣҶе㲻˵Ȼ̨׼ؼҡ
ܵܣˣǡȴҶܺʵ
ʲôÿģһȵ˵黰ҶûȤҲۣʮˡҶ˺ܲ˵
ǾͻؼϢɡţ˯һᡣҶ˵ţҶ˵۵ʱкܶ໰ҪʣҲʱһᡣ
ʱһð˳
ƭˣÿ춼ǱյĿСҿ࣬Ҳο
̣ôҶ˿ԴֻվһߣˣȻֻģ˽µ
ôΪҿ˶ʮ죬ȻҪΡ˵Ȼе㲻ŵĸоǰС̻ûôˣʲô仯̶ȡЦ˵ĻҲôһ¡
ԭ֮УҶ˲Ե޹ʧΪҪŬС̱˵һġ
У㲻һ½𣿡һʣȴһʱ֮Ե⡣
Ҷ˴Ƿ˵Ҫ𣿷ŵıֺӮˣЩί٣ҲңУòһǿһӣĿѾﵽˣҲ̫Ҫˣ
ʲôмô˵ǣ
𣿼Ǿָǵ߲㣬ǸĪϲɡ

˵½ͿһޣοʱδȢŮδޣҶѡģ
ɣ
˵ˣС쵰˵Ҳ˵壡
ǾͲ˵ˣѾﵽĿˣͲȥˣ
ǰСԭΪĪǹӣֻҪܵõĪǹӵ֮ͬλҲֻǽѡ
ʱһ˵ǰĿֻһƷҲǱ˾Եģ䱾Ŀ꣬ڵСֻ̣ҪĪǹ֤ԼõһЩ򵥵ͬ
ڵѾԤģνĻ֮λȻҲϣ
Ҳ˶ûģǰ˭Ҳ벻Ȼܱ˿ɰô
⣬ڳҪ֪ģôģ
߹̲סһ䣺ҶˣôģСı仯лΪĸо
ʱҶҡҡͷ̾ŵ˵ôľǸԵҩҩˮṩһЩҪĻԼԼŬҾı£Ҳﲻ
Ҷ߹ڳĬ̶仰ȴᣬΪС̵Ŭֳ޷Ŭ
ҶˣȻڣС̵ŬŲʣĺֻһԺ󣬾ȫС̵
ܸоҶ˶С̵һֺֻֻ֧֣֧С̲⣬޷ס
Ҳ֮ĹϵʮԽԽأԭĺѱһԩңʱĳܣеֵĸоֻܿͺá
Ҳҵһ͵ɣӦҶҪС̻һ£ּѵʱֻ̣һЩʹࡣ


59 漣ı2
ʲôҩʲôҩˮô̵ʱôˣƤôϸ𪣿Ҷ߹ܹһ㣬ǵĹģȻΪʲôҶ˻ΪҪõּʻҩŮġ
ѩϻ۵ˣͷһ˿ڶʮٶʵֻʣһٽﶼôǿȵļʣһ˵Ƥúѿּµơ
ðɣſ˵СǰƤҲǺܺãȻҲǺܲԲܺڱȣͿע⵽㡣
ƤͷҲһҲű仯
ҶЦЦ˵ҵĶطǰһСģûʵһܰʵƷ
˳Ĭ
ԭʵ飬ҪǲɹĻô죿ҶеûһҶˡ
ʲôô죬ðյĻһɹڵĽҲ˵ҵҩǺõģҶ˰ڰֺܲ˵
ţã˻ڵͷͬʱҶ˵һ仰ֱջظոնͬ
ǲ֪᲻к֢Ҳ±Ҳᷢ졭Ҷ˺ûĵ˵
˳ĬҪ£ȷҪһǶйص顣
ˣʱ˵ˣҪȥ˯ˣۡҶ˴ǷѾԵϡ

Ҷ˺赭дؽ£Լ˵ĺܵͺܵͣ⣬һҪԸ⣬ʵмʹһЩֱ֮еҽͱ˽ͣҲ޷͵Ķ
Ҫ˵ҩĻ˵ģһһСҩû˻ỳһ㣬ΪһļҩǶš
Ҷһβǵҩô򵥣ϾС֮ǰ̫ǿмҪı仯Ҳ̫ˡ
ҶҪҽ֮УΪļҲֵģǾǡģ
֮ıС̵һЩܣչʱԷʲôûսͬʱҲڲϵȼš
̵ʱݣ
ȴҲźصĺܴĸҿܻԺһЩ֢
֮ǰҶ˵ĺ֢֮ģڿЦһʵ
ĵģĸСڵͺҲһͻ顣
ҪҶǲǶСȻôӦ顣
ûУһ㶼ûУҶ˽ЩԣȫȫĸС̣ʱ򣬻ûпʼʱ
СѡȨԾܾ취ȴûУķӦҲĳϣ
Ҷ˻ǵãǸʱѡ
ţҪҿɱһŮڴ֮ʱѹȺǣֻһʱģ֢ҲԤϵģһһѧģӦף
˵Ҷ˵ҽźܴ𣬵ҩвſֲĺ֢˶֪ģСѧģ
С΢΢һЦƽмᶨ˵ţ֪Ҳڣ
ǸʱҶ˸С̺ܶѡ񣬺ܶ಻ͬģ岻кѡ񣬶ȴƫƫѡģΪҿİ취
ΪֻžʵģԼӮõģ
Ҷ˵취ٶһֶΣֻ취ģûһֶΣ
ϣԼİʵģûһթϣԼİǴģûһ覴ã
ҲǺܶŮģΪĿԹ޻ڵȥһЩɵ£ڵСһ㣬ǵһΪ˰ȥɵµŮҲһΨһһ
ȻҲ֪ҲģԼܴʹ࣬Ҳܻһ޷޷޸ʹǺԥѡˡ
ֻһʱҲϣõһʱҸۿһʹ࣡
һȥһʱ˾úɵȴԹ޻ڣԴˣҶҲֻҡͷ̾ϢɵŮˣ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬱ĪǽӵС̸ˣƺʱ̣ǺҶ˵١
ҶˣҪȥֻСĪǣһţһߺ
Ϊ֮һ㶣㲻Сʲô˼Ӧù˲飬Ӧ֮УǸܼȥ
ףںܼӶһ㣬ں˶һ㣿


60 漣ı3
Ҷ˺û⣬ֻǺػش𣺡ؼ˯⼸٣ĪǹȥԼɣҼңעˣʲôԾϾҡ
ȥңɶ˼ѵҪСͬӣ˵ʮ죬ǲҲͬ״̬
ѵ˵ĿҲ
Ҷ˵仰úܶ˶˼ͬʱҲ˺Щ
֪ˣҪʲôС̵ͷȻҶ˵ʲôҶк֢ҪԼ߹۲죬Ҳʱȴʩ
ҶҡҡͷصԣҪ˯죬㲻ҪңȥѶԼᡣУǵҪҩǧˣ
֪ˣ㵱ԺúϢ֪ʮΪ˸ֻܶ࣬㲻֪С̿Ҷˣ˵š
ô᲻֪Ҷ˵ĸһ£Ҫ״̬˼˰ľɫŮҶôɵˡ
˵ģ͵СҪݵҩˮҪÿƣΪÿҪĹöͬΪСÿ춼ڱ仯
ҩһЩĶЩҪǰŪãܸС̵ĸıȣһ㶼ҶҹƵģҪС̣Էⷢ
ԣʮûкúϢҲС֪ӰĽȣȻҲ̵֪
Ϊ˶ֻ֪С̵ļֻ̣֪ڶʮﾭܵķʹ࣬ȴû֪ҶЩӵҿ࣬С̡
˭˵Ϊ㸶ܶģҲûУÿ첻֪СҶЦ˵˵ʲôѾȥˡ
Ҿ֪˵ˣȥϢɣСҲ˵ʲôˣЩֻҪбԣùϡ
ҶˣС̹Ȼĵõ˻֮λû˸ȥ١
⵱ȻǽΪҶ˵ԵʣĻΪʵۣ˻ʵעСӮҲֳ˭ȥ٣Сʧȥ֮λ
һ򲽽Сʱ΢ĳλŮҶὫѡΪοıԶԶڳκһŮǾ͸Ӳܶҡĵλ
СҲĿ֮£Īһ뿪û֪֮ȥǴҲ֪ҲǴûֻ֪ΪҶȥǵһ̣

С̵ļУһĻСС
С̣𣿡С̵ĸףС̵תȦϸѾȫŮ
Ϊ֪ŮĸףɻɣǰǼٵģΪ֪࣬Ҳ˽С̵
ӦҶ˵Ǿ仰
ʱ趼ϲ
ôǲǺСĸ׵֣Цţе˵š
ţǺֻǸֵС𣿡ĸ׵ḧС̵գ۵ľСǸԲԲֵ
ٺ٣ǵģҾǸֵС̣ڲˣ˵Ժ֣ٺ١СеɵЦ˵Ҷ˵˵ֻܱһʱ䡣
̫˼ˣôţ
ٺ٣˼ɣŮҲ벻ڶһҲһΣҲãҲˡСЦ˵
С̵ĸû˵ȻɻС̡
裬㻹ǵСʱҶˣ͵ԡС̿ʼ˵ԼһЩ˽ֻõĻشȴǡ
˭֪Ҳһء
ǵã֮ǰϴ豻ԡͰһº֪ʱСΪԡػˣʱǰԡͰϴ裬ǰùģǸʱѾЩСˡ
Ȼ֪˲ֻ࣬Ҫһ£Ҳ֪ģǼ˽¶Ѿֻ㲻֪
ʲôǡߣǰ̥£ǲҲȥˣС߷ߵ˵ʱС̱̺һƬ
µûУֻ֪С̣С̣С̵ĸƺڲŷӦСе㼤˵š
ȻˣԼŮϲߣСôҿ촭ˣС˵
СǰĸױţҲֻ࣬ǰôģȻԳܣھͲˡ
Ŷڱô˰ǸҲܹң˭仯ô趼ϲˣ
ٺ١
˵˵㵽ôģطҪʣҪƯκŮ˶ֵסջ
ǴСĸΣǾ͸סջ󡭡


61 Σ1
Сҡҡͷ˵ҪңֻǰҶ˵ķԸȥҳʲôҾͳʲôʲôҾʲôˣ裬ҹҪȥסһʱ䣬⼸Ҽ٣Һúǡ
Ҫס㲻ϲĪŮ㵽ϲ˭ĪǵƷãʶʵܲҶǸʮپͲˣԵˣҶҵʮ٣һҲ㹻ֲȱ㣬ҪѡҲԡĸ׵;ǹһʼͣ
ѽȥҶ˼ΪҵҪ۲죬һЩҩӦҲʱõΡСǺòҵ˻ᣬ廰ȥ
㻹ʲôھ͹ȥǸáĸ׵Ů
⼸졭ҡҪ͡ĪԼᡭСԽ˵Խ죬ҲúСС
ŶԭĸЦЦ˵
ߣ˼Ϊ˽컨ô๦ô࣬Լỹ𣿡С΢΢һţȻСܶȥ
С̣ܰû˵㲻СһԼᣬҪҪ㼸У
ҪҪ

裬ǰ̥ǲǺˣС̶Լǰ̥ǣе㲻ŵʵ
ţǰֿ̫ʲôڵǺһֻķˣ
Ҳ˵ǣҶǸ˵һֻʼ˵ѿСò˵
Ҫ̫ÿˡȵȣô֪ģǣ
ʲôʲô֪ҡ

ҹϦദÿ춼ҪӽҩһһСıһЩŵվعˡ
ĳǸʱȫûзӦϸĿһ£Ȼ˵ĽȺܲƤԤڵĺá
ƺڣҲûзӦ⵽ʲôһ飡

ô˵С̵ݣºȷ֮󣬾ҲûκεȥʲôʵҲˣֻΪҶ˵ǾЩԵζĻĻõ֤ݣ
һ˵Ҳ֣ˣȻ϶ˣǾ;Բ٣һĪš
Ҷ˱ˣڴ漣֮һʧڴҵǰǴѾϰһ㣬ԺܿͰԺ󣬵ȴԺһγ֡
Ҳ˵ûȥҶˣ˭棬ֻҶ˿ʼ춼˯ִ֮ԼҪĽڣһµĲ٣ȻҲû˿ԽӴõ
һ֮󣬴һ϶飬ҲͲҪʵֻһЩС顱ҪҶ˵İæȻҲֻǡһС֡ˡ
СȻҶ˲ţŪһѳԵģȻ󲿷ָԼģСָҶˡ
ţҶ𴲸Ѱ鿴һ壬ȻǷҩġ
ٽţȥϿΣѧŻصҶ˵СԺҶ˼һ壬ȻȥŪԵġ
ȻˣмҪȥԼᣬǾҪƺ
Ҫ˵˵ĹϵҲܼ򵥣ȵȻѹϵΣҽϵ֮⣬ûκεʣĿǰ
Ȼڱоûôˣкܶ˶ڲ֮Ĺϵ
Ҷ˵Ȼ˵Ŀֻ飬ȷС̵ȷĺ֢ʲô
ʲô
ţһµĹ۲죬෽СĿ֤Ѿ󵨵ļ裬С
С̴ؿҶ˵ţǲ˵ʲôҲûгϣԼ˵ʲô
˵һǰ࣬Լ֤Ҷ˵ȷһصĺ֢
С̲ûк£΢Ц˵˵ɣѾ׼һµʱѾ˺ܶܶ࡭
ûǳԤںܶˣԭֻܹһʱ㹻ֻҪĪԼһҲ㹻ˣѾһˣԼûʮҲа˴Ρ
ֻǣԼҸ
ǰɣٱҸֻԼҸΪںİһ𣬻һֱ飡
ΪھǱԭӣҲẦ£ҲÿϧΪѾӵй
ðɣҾ˵ˣĺ֢ǡһηϵͳ̶̫Եˣ˵һҡҶ˿С΢΢ü
С̴һᣬû֢ͨʲôǿʵһ᲻ԭӣƤ᲻ڱѿ
ᣬԺҪֶѣҶҡͷ
Ү̫ˣҲȥСȵȻǻȸԾȻ뵽顪


62 Σ2
ǸҶˣĻʲô˼ʲôҪֶѣ
Ϊֻ˵һɣԣʮ˷ķˣά壬ֻгŻ֣ᷢҶ˽͵
̫ˣԺͲᷢˣԾԶ飬С˵һϢ
ڣˣͻһȥʱ򻹻ΪˣεСˣ˵Ҳ֮鷳ãĵӦþͿԻָ˵߰˳ɣ㹻ˡҶ˿΢ЦеС˵üͷֻСЦе㲻
ٺ٣ҲҪСҡҡͷȻ˵ҾҪָˣֻԳһţǸ⣿Уұһ˾ܳԲʮ˵ķݣҾˣҲа취Ķ԰ɡ
ţⶼˣûҩά壬ЩܹģҶ˿һ΢ЦС̣ƺҲûκεİ취
źã㲻ϲܼ𣿡СЦ˵
˵ҲǣǾɣǰ⣬Ҷ˰ڰ˵һߡ
ʵȥС̵壬屾ҲĻָ֮СôܳԣǳǰҲûֹһֱڵġ
һȻ֣òҲûȥһ㣬Ҫȥ
ˣûʲô£ҲԻؼˣԺ㲻Ҫˡڵó֮Ҷ˵һʵĻ
ȻѾҪ۲ˣǻСʲôֲͬӣֻʱµˣҲ֮ʧˡ
ͲֱܲӣǲıС̴һᣬȻû˵
ʲôˣú㳶Щ߰ġǵ׼óԵģҪУˣУԼҲעһ㣬ʱųԵģҲǳԶȻεڴϣû˹ġ
֪ˡСӦСֹš
ڴֲŲû˹ܣڿǴŮֻ˵Һǰûֱ𣬻ҷţ
ϲңΪҲ֪ʲôӣ㶼һĶԴ
ǻߣûк㣡

ΪұˣͻҺһ㣬ʱһֱӰҸߣԥ̡
ѣѣôں󡭡
С̾΢ЦҶ˸𣬻صУҶЩʲôԵģȻ뵽չصѡĪǣ
ҶڸϡͣС뿪֮󣬽֮Ҷ˵˰컰֮мһ˶ͣȥ˯ˡ
˯ˣ֪᲻ǸŮˣһҪŪ˭
Ҷ˵Ů˭֪ϻ֪Ͳ˵ȥŪ˭ûк˵Ϊʵ̫ˣ޷ȥ͡
ΪһΣһһֱάţȴ޷ƽܵΣ
һΣһЩʲôԵʡ
Ҷ˽ξ֮һĻƺڸԭ֮Уڻм䣬һ峺С
һŰɫ·ŮСıϣ˫ų㣬Ǳĺˮ֮УȻˣֻ˼ϵһָоûУǾͲö֪ˡ
ˣŮˮ棬˵ԼСΪ֪СҶ˶õ
ţˣΪʲôÿμʱ򣬵طǻȥ컹Ǵɳ̲ͱɻҶŮϣȻһ
ȻֻѾά˺ü꣬˶ѾǳϤԷ
ǺֻܺһطǶôģҲġŮ˵˫Ө͸㣬ںˮе
ҶڻصҲãҾʲôֱ𣬶ÿζطŽģͲŪͥԺ¥ģǺȺȲ𣿡
Ŷ´ҾͽһͥԺ¥㣬ϲʲôӵģŮ˵
ϲСˮɽˮأ辰԰֣ﻨ㡭Ҷ˵ԼϲģŮһĬĬļţҪƳһҶԼϲͥԺ¥
ţҶ˿ʼ̸ͥԺ¥ϸڣȻĻ⣬˵ĵ̸
Ǻֵǣû̸۹ԼϸڣһϢҲûУƺҶ֮ǰĻ롣
Ůˣʲô㵽ʲôˣҶ˵˵֮ϾͱɫƺڴƺҲΡ
ҡŮҪ˵ǡ
һ˲䣬ͻȻʧ


63 Σ3
ҿÿζһ˵ϾѹһϸڣҲʲҶ˴һ䣬ƺѾһˡ

ȻǼ˯һΣûٿŮˣһҹε
Ѿ˴꣬ʼʱҶ˲û⣬ֻŮ죬Σ
ǸʱŮǻ椵Ļǻ뿪Ƕʱ֮ӦҲ˼ҹεĽ
ȴײǣȻÿѹ֮ǸŮʲôڶһҲ޷ȷʲô˼޷ȷŮǷˡ
Կ϶Ůǻ椣Ϊ̫˽⻢ˣŮҲҲκ뻢ƵĵطҲܿ챻
ȻÿŮòÿξ֮Уܺ׵ϳǸŮļǵŮĳ࣬Ҳֵĵط
ע⵽еεʱҶ˾Ϳʼ뷨跨Ĵ̽ŮϢÿŮҪش𣬶жξ
һòϢҲһξжϣͺ˱ĳһԽһ㷶ΧȻͻᱻжϳ
֮£ҶҲֻ˳ȻŮÿζϵرţҲȥŮݡ
ʵϣҲûа취˯ȻһŮ棬ȻҲѯʶԷжξȻһҹΡ
ȴϲξ֮Ů죬˾ȥ˯
û˯ξ֮УҲһ˯¹Ҳֻó˯
ͬģŮҶݵʱҲһὫξжϣƺνϵһȴǵõԷκϢ
ȻŮǷĴڣ׼ȷ˵ŮǲĴ磬һδ֪
Ϊ̫ڹ죬ҶҲʹûжκ˵λеŮֻԼһ֪
һᣬͬطͬʱյˣһ
Ůһξ֮еŮǱ˼һо飡
ʲô֮Ҷ˾ҪԼ飬ʱԺ󣬾͵һζѣ
Ҫʲôʱܽ⿪Ҫ˼ˣ
Ҳܿܽ⿪ҲһӶ޷⿪
ڶ죬Ҷһ͹ҶһȥѧԺһ
һѧ˵ҲƺһҶ˵ĳֲûʲôֵı֣ͺûзκεһ㡣
⵱Ȼ˷֮ģѾϰˣϰҶһ£Ȼʧ
֮Уһĳ֡
ҶˣҶ˳ڽҵʱ˶ͣס˸ոյĶһᣬȻֻһСѣ
Ҷͬѧӭ
ܿ죬ӦһŮյǰ棬ҶǷǳ飬ƺеͷǰȫͬ
ŶллҶ˺òصͷлȫûиоЩŮƺ
ΪҶ˵ͬѧȻ˲һǲᵱûû·ÿǶһᣬҶ̸һᣬ
СͻȻôת䣬ôˣǶҪҶֵôȻˣҲǺܶ˵뷨
Ҷ֮ǰҶһֱţڵʱǸȳ֮£ᱻ糱ˮİŮʿٻأ
ȳѾȥϴҶ֪Сֱ̬ķʽѾȴ˾ˣʣµֻһСּ˵ģбϣģⲿܽӴҶ˵֮٣ҲҶ鷳
Ҷڽ֮󣬾;ֱС̵ߣǺܲгĿλ֮
ΪʲôҪ˵ﲻгɺܼ򵥣⸽ȫˣһЩӵ£ƫƫиλȻԵòг
ӵԭȻΪС̣ڵС̿ɲǰǰûжˣֻĺѣҪҸط徲Ҷˡ
ڵС˼˰˲˵ˣŮ˶ĿĵĽӽ
С̶ǺǰһûоýҲûЩˣ費ŵ㣬ҲҶϲһ㡣
λǰûеģǽģΪ֪Ҷ˻ѧԺȻλӣԼò
һʼʱҲһ㣬Ҳûкͱ˵˼˵ǸҶģһ뵽ͻ΢΢졣
ȻΪҲøӽɰ
ڴˣԭλΪġ


64 Ҿܾ1
Ҷ֮󣬾֣С̼ͬһʱ䣬ҲԼ֣֮ϣͬʱҲҶ˵ǰ
һʼҶע⣬ֱ˵ֽӴһ𣬿ҶһС̵һֵֺķʽǴûģǾǡ

˶Ѿϰһ㣬ҶϰÿϸС̰СҲϰ߸Ҷ˰ûκλ֮£ϵôĬ
£绹ûеģˣڱ˵һַʽȻ֣һ޼ı֣
ԭģҶ˺С̵Ĺϵȷ⣬ĪǺÿⲻǰڸѿ
ˡ
ǸҶͬѧܰС̱ôƯܲܰҲƯһ㣬Ҫİ취Ǹܲˣһʹ໹ǿԳܵġŮΧҶˣ۾֮ǹ㣬һڴģֱӺҶС̵ġܽӴ
Ӧ𣿶⣬ŮǶľ飬֪Ҷһȫ˵ˡ
һΣС̶еһǱɳȵ㣬Ҳᡣ
ԣΪҪҶ˴ӦѶȻеģҲпܵģΪҶ˲һ˵ˣֻҪͿԡ
ֻǣȴûҶ˾Ȼ
õģҶ˾ͷϵ״Ӧˡ
ӦˣŮǴʵƺе㲻ŵĸо
ǵģҲʲô֮Ͷѣ˵Ҳ鷳ҡҶ˺ܲ˵
ʲôʲôв鷳㣿
ǵǰﲻǣȥ̣԰ǣ˵ȥģһǱøҶ˼ĵ˵
ѧԺŮǻ϶ഺĶˣϾǶǶĹ壬СǾ޽УˣҶ˵ҩǶûʲôãҲ˵𲻵κεá
ǣǻǲҪȥˣͲܰ𣿡
Ҷûлشɫƺ棬ר־ذС̵״
ʱС̷ˣҶ˽͵Ҷ˵ˣĶѾԣҪ磬ЩҶ˲ᣬҵĶѵɵġ
СһССĻѣҲҶ˵ķݣȫ̵˽
ҲΪ֪Ҷ˲ϲ뵽м䣬ҲΪЩŮҶˣ
ˣһұ˰æˡϣЩŮȴˡ
ҲǴ󲿷ûҶ˰æԭ֮һΪܶʱҪǵİæ˭Ƿ绨ѩ¥ˣ¥ŮӣЩСԸѧϰ
Ȼǲܵģ
ûʲô⣬Լעһ£Ե㶫Ҷ˹һ֮ջ֣˵һúܶ˲Ļ
Ȳ˵ģ˵С̶Ե㶫ƺе࣬С¼֮ʳ޼Ǻֵܶĵط
Ϊʲô֣˵СôҿõĵŮھһᶮϧԼģԲʳ
˾ȥʹС̣õĴǣǳԲֵģУҲԶһģ
˸ԺˣСҲͲֻҶ֪ԴҲԽԽ֡
ڴҸˣСĳԷҶ˾ȻûҪһ㡭
ѵ˵гԲֵؾҶ˸
ţˣͣ͵ԣҿû׼ڶݡ㡭ߣˣС̷ԼĻȫҶˣΪ˵ͬʱҶѾڳԶˡ
ո˵ʲôҶ˳Ŷһûӡ
ûʲôʲôû˵СΪ֮ᡣ
ŶǸոյһǲӬ


ҶС̣Զɳ¶һЦݣȻԲĽЦݣһƺܵ⣬ƺʹ޵Цݣһյĸо
ûע⵽Ϊ˵עҶϡ
ܿ죬ʦĵҲͽϿΣʦҶ˵ĵҲ֣һжǺĽС
¿κ󣬼ĳͣҶȥС̵͡
Ҷˣ쵰ԣȴˣڻҵġСҪԼͣȴҶĶ˹ȥ
ʲôϵģٳһ㣬ͿҳԱˡģȻҶ˵˶
Դ˵Ǻ飬飬ĻǾͲˣ
ÿ˶СȻÿ춼˵Ҷˣÿ춼׼õͣ


65 Ҿܾ2
ߣ֮ǰ˵ĺҶһ㡭С̿Ҷ˳ԼĶһů⣬ϣûҶ˺ɫ
Ҫһ㣬Ҫ£ûǮҸ㡣Ҷ˵
ҲŲҪǮ㵱˭С̻ص
ŰˣһӶҪģΪԼһһӣҶ˴ػص
㡭
ţһӣ㣿
ЩؼһȺ˶סˣѵǵĽѾô𣿲ܰɣǵĻҶôСȥ׷Īǣ
񰡣ң⵽ʲô
ڳһƬңȫŪҶС̵ô£˳һ
һ´ҿԿ϶Īһѿ
Ҳ˴ҵĿ˾еĽеͬʱҲе飡
Ǹţ㻹ûҶ˳һʳ˵
㣡СһģԼһȸҶˣȻ˵ʲôҪÿҶҪʲôͻʲô

ߣ㻹ôĪǣ֪һ𣿡ɳа˵
˭СĪǺߵһ𣬶ⲢҶһֵĲֻۣ˵
߷һ֮
һĪǶС̵̬ȣһʼĸжȻΪϲٱΪСһֱ˫ɶԣɷˣڼ䣬ɳͲ岻ȥ
ȻʱƣҲ͸ֳˣСźص⣬Ӱ֮Ĺϵ
Ϊ⣬ĪǶ䵭ʼıԵɳȻҲͲȥһʱҪԶС̡
Сʲô⣿
һ⣬СȻĪȴûĪйκεӴҪ˵ӵֶûǣ˵ûб
ðɣԵŮӵ֣Ȼ˵ҶʱǱҶǣ־࣬ҲȨΪ⣡
⻹ں棬ԼʱСǻ˵ҶˣһٶΪҶ˶ȥ˵ҪҶ
˭ܲˣ֪ԷԼԼĲҲһܲˣ
С⣬ԼԼ֮䣬ѾҶ˿ñκ˶ҪҪԼˣ
Կ϶ԼҶȴûŮ֮İ飬һ㶼ûУ
ԼҶ˵ĸ飬֪Ƕ飡
Ҷ˶֮ҪĶҲ˽ˣȻΪ˽ԵʣҲܷʵ
ˣЩ˻ѡЩ˻ģЩӿȪ౨ѡӿȪ౨нλһ޷Խĵλ
ȴİ飬صǣڻûв⣡
ʱͻȻи˴˽ֱӳҶڣҶ˻ûз֮ǰСѾ˵¡
һŲ۵ŮȫɢصϢΧźܴĳ룬ŮͲֻʮҡ
ôȥҸ˵ˣܻӦģСƺʶСŮҺĳ¶̸ۡ
Ӧ˵ģ˭֪ǲǲң㲻Ҫģ㲻ҪҪռţСŮ𣬶֮ȴһŭ⣬ͬʱһͲͬĳ졣
˵ʲôֻǲν鷳ţСͬҲһŭ⣬ǲ֪ΪʲôŭΪҶ˱ţΪСŮĻ
ôν飬кôģСŮ˵
ΪŲӦСЩε˵⻰ҲСŮһʱ⡣
ҹȥ
ԣ
̫ԵˣֻǼһ棬ֲ
С

Ϊ˵ҶˣڳŶ۹УûзߵΪԼ
ţ·мʲôҶڳٶ۵طԼС̡
ףС˭𣿡
ǡСҡҡͷ벹ʲôʱ򣬾ͱСŮˡ
ҲûĽ㣬һСæСŮ΢΢С죬˵
ŶҶ˺ܲŶһžվȥ
Ϊ˶׵֪ҪȥɢȻһݵ˯һϰߡ
СŮһ£Լ׵ˣͻȻŸоҶֻ˳һ¶ѣС̵ãҲһõӣҲʹк


66 Ҿܾ3
ȵȣСŮȻҶ뿪òײҵᣬҶ̸
ΪᣬǷѹٵ˼ҶҵĴſɲô׽ģҲһδα⣬ĿСϡ
˶֪СǸʱҶͬסһԺӣҲΨһܽӴҶˣֱȽ׽ӴˣˣҶ꣬߹ˣǱͺҶͬһΣӴǵѶȺҶҲ˶١
˵ССŮĹϵô˵أӦСʱ򻹾һˣСŮȽر⼸˵˺ܶࡣ
ǵϵΪ֮ϵҵľ¥СŮĹɷݡ
ҲͬǣСŮļ岢ǹ壬ǳͷβˣ
ΪԭСŮСͿʼ̳ʮʱ򣬱Ѿӹ⣡
һԵҵ壬ҴҵȴѾڲǽǽ״̬ûתͺѳȥ
ҲΪԭСŮĸĸͳɼʮʱѾȥүүǾ͸˵ˣûֵܽãֻʣһˡ
ĻôҲֲһСŮ
˵СŮӹܼ֮󣬾Ȼеĸоǲ֪ǲڻعⷵա
ԣҪһһŤתҶ˾
ҪҶһ׮⣡
ǣС̰Ҷ˼棬߰Ҷ̸׮⣬Сڵ֪Ŀ֮󣬾ֱӾܾˣ˵İ취취вͨġ
׮⣬ôû⣬һ˫кô飬û˻ܾģٲ;ܾ
Сãʲô𣿡Ҷ˵ͷСŮĶͷ˵š
СŮɻؿҶˣԭΪҶ˻ദڿƺġ
Ǹʮ٣ҽҪ̸һ׮⡣СŮ˵
̸⣿Ҷе˵
ǵģҪ̸⣬׬⣬㲻Ҫʱ׬ֳɣֻҪóһ䷽СŮͷ˵ĶţҶһӦ
ֻǡ
ҾܾҶ˺ܸɴ˵
֪ᡭȵȣܾСŮһʼΪҶ˻Ӧû뵽ǣȻܾ
ûСãҾܾСŮǻؼҼҾƣⲻʺ㡣ҶСŮͷȻ׼СŮ߹ȥ
ҲСŮˣѾˣҼҾƣҲ棬ȴܣСŮе˵˵ƺΪҶ˵ᣬ¶һ˿ĵʵ
ꣿ㼸ꣿҶеֵʵŶ󰡡
ʮꡭ
ʮ㵱ңĸĸأ
СŮĬ
ҶˣֻһˣѹġСҶ˶СĽ͵
ĺӡ
ҲҪǿֻҪغ̸׮ͿԣСŮǼǿ˵
ΪҲҾĸһΣҾܾ׮⣡
Ϊʲôֻкôеգ׬㻹Ǯ֣ΪʲôӦҪԼ𣿡СŮʵ
Ҳ⣬ҲҶҡҡͷص
Ϊʲôѵ䷽𣿡
䷽Ҫҩ䷽ɣǺѣԿ׬ȻСŮû˵ҶҲܲµҪƽʱͿģþʱ˭
Ϊʲô㲻СŮܲʵ
Ϊ׬ǮҲŲҶЦŻص
СŮˣ⵽ʲô˼
ףҲǸ߹㣬һܼӣܼͬ⣬ȥ׬ǮȥС˵仰Ѿ߹СŮֻСŮûȥš
ΪСŮãǰܼӣҲܾ׬Ǯſõİܼҡ
СŮڲţҶ˲ԳȥƣȻܾû˻ܾ׬Ǯ⣬ɽΪҪܼң
СŮڳĬ֮̽Ե˵ˣǮ׬ǮȫңͿ԰ܼˡ
ССŮ죬æ˵ҶֻǰܼҶѣñռıˣԸ⣬ҶҲϣҪ˵δޣúܲң
СŮĬΪ죬ϸԼոʱ뷨ее㺦¡
ûռҶ˵ıˣ˴ŵĻԣǺأʵǵʧȥУڻʹ尾֮С
ȻҶҲԼı׼ˣԼͬ⡣


67 ʧ1
ҶʲôҶ΢Цŵʵ
ҶСŮش
ҿԸ䷽Ҳṩʽ𣬲ҵʽֻܷЩ⣬ҿԽԽãȫ⣡Ҷ΢Ц˵
ȫĬ
ΪҶİܼңΪҶ˾ȻְСŮƽʱԱ˶ǰġ
òҶҲϲˣڻǮ棬ϧСְҲģҲﵽܼҵĿģֶֺΪ
ôû뵽ҶҲһԵõȣֿ԰ܼңȫСһԼԴЩڵ˵Լû뵽һ㡣
СҶһܿ¶˷ܵЦݣã˵ˣǿɲ̸һϸ⣿
ֻҪԸЩ⣬Ǿ͵ڸעʽһͲΪЩͷۡ
Ѿ˲⣬ʣµЩû취ٿģҪûʱĻǰЩҲῳ
ΪʲôЩ⣿ЩǱȻģҲǱģΪЩķ棬ϴ󣬶ԽЩҲͻԽࡣ
ʵϣЩҲʵܶ˶ҪץסЩȻǰҪʵȥ
ú̸ϸڣֻҪԼ˼ÿʲôͿʲôҪҿҪһ£ʱȥ棬㻹СӦöཻСѣǮ׬ģҶСҶԴ΢Ц˵
ҡ
ҵĻ͵顣Ҷ˵ȻСҶĳ̶Ҳ޵ģǿԼġ
СҶҶ˵Ļ
ʱҶҲûΪͣסŲֱ߳ңʼķɢ
ҶˣҲһ桭С׷Ц˵
װģҶ˺ֱӵػһ䡣

ҶǲװģСҶ֮󣬱ϲҶˣȻϲϲ֣ϲҶЦݣоһܰĹػ
Цݣһֱľ֧Źһѹأ
ˣҶ˵ʽȫ꣬ҲὫԼҶ˵ķݣȫ⣬
Ҷ󶼲һ㣬ķݣǲǶѾνˡ
ҶνСҶҲν
ͬʱСҶ۾ǣҶ˵ʽע֮Щԭ⣬ЩȻĿʼӯ
һİܼӣŮ谮֮ӣ

ѧԺһݵأһڲݵ֮С˯һŮߣ˫ۿɫգﾲط
˾֪öΪ֮Ľö˸оһֺܰ顭
ֻǣҲ̼һ˵ģɫúѿ
ŮҶС̣ܴ̼ˣȻĪǹɳ
ĪǹѧԺѾһЩҶС̵飬ɳ֮͸ܴ̼ɫѿˡ
Ī˵ĵûнҶ˵״̬ϣ˻һֱ˯뷢״̬
ϣǵĻҶҵʮүϻ춼罺ġɳ˵
ֻаһˣѾϻؼˡСûע⵽˼ЩлǺס
ԭΪԲҪҪԼѡɳ˵
ĪǣԲȥԷСЩŵ˵Īǻ
ˣͿˡĪǺ˵ȻܸоСԼѾûκˡ
ŶǺðɣɳˣһǿҶˡС̺ɵ˵ʱ򣬾Ȼ˵Ļ
ߣĪǾҪȥ
ĪȥɳбжˣȥĪС̿϶군
ո˭˵Ҷ۾Ժʵ
ˣ˯
Ŷ

СĪǵĹϵƺԽԽ䣬Се㺦£ڻڡ
ǣҶ˷һ
ҶˣĪǺʼϲˣ춼ɳһҸô죿
ҵǣֹ裬һͣȻǡҶ
ǲŸոտʼǣʲôģ̫˰ɡСü
С㣬㲻ҪңЩ㶼ûҶе㲻ŵʵ
ûУСҡҡͷش
ǰ컹˵ԼᣬǵôԼģҶ˸㲻ˡ


68 ʧ2
Լᣬһߣ磬ԸʲôģǴûǣ֣˵ŮӲġС˵
Уôùɳ㿴˶ĪǵϡŰаҪϰĪǸȻ͡
ȥ˵ģôӮɳռĪǲšӴ飬С̴ų⣬ɾֻԼ֪ˡ
ҪĻа취ӮɳҲҪǣǣ֣ȻǸ˶ϲɳһ𡣡
ǣ֡ðɣҾǣҵ֣СƺŬһ
УҪӵǡҶ˼˵
ҪСҡͷ
У㵽ǲϲ˼ңкƽģֲǽ
ҪǲҪϲȢң
Ҳ̫ͳˣҰﲻ㣬Լ취ˣҶ˲С̣вŹˡ
㲻ңҾͲ㷹ԣ
Լ
㡭

ѵû𣿡һֱԹ۵ĺ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʲô⣿ͬʱʵ
̫ܣĪȻ᲻˵
˵ҲǣţԶ㣡ҶֵʼС̱־롣
˭ϡ㣬ҰͲԽԶԽã̸СҲʼ롣

ھ֮Ƿֿˣž룬ɳܲˣĻ˵ĪǻᣬϾ˵ĵȷȷʲô¶ûС
緹ʱҶȻҲǳС̵ķˣȴûкһˣɢ˯СҲûˡ
ȻǿʼˣȴûκεתֻΪм仹һŮ˴ڡ
һ£һʲôԲ飬ŻֿɳĪ˵黻˵Ҳһ
һޣĪüѾٽˡ

ΪʲôΪʲôҪ֣С̿ĪǣۿʼᣬŮģҲȷȷʵʵϲĪǡ
˵ûЩᣬһһ
ΪʲôԼɣҶҪѣÿҶһûпǹҵĸܣĪҲ̲סˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôңֻҪ˵һ£Ҿͺһľ룡Ѿ־ˣ֣ܲܲС˵
ĪǳĬˣֻͻȻһ⣬Լ⡣
ʵ˵˽زҲС̵⣬Īͬ⣬һֱûнԼĸ˵ҲûֹСҶһ
ʵϣֻҪڣСһע⵽⣬⣬ȻһҶˣҲԡ
´һʼһһΪãİĽһΪжԲŻ⡣
һĿʼ˶֪⣬ҲǱȻˣοм仹Ůˡ
㻹һ㶼Ҷͬ˼£ǸϷˣĪǣɳĪ˵ʡ
Ҳұ֤ԼԺټҶˣ׵ĶϾϵ
ҶõѣҲΪκϾϵС̺ԥ˵仰ʧȥ飬ҲһԸҶ˵顣
ǷʣΪҶˣҪϾĪǵĹϵɳǵʵ
⡭Сԥˡ
ѾԸ߱һ£Ҷ˱ĪҪ
͵ɣߣĪǲ˵ȥˣɳҴȥ
С̿ĪȥվҲǼĵһ
С̣ǶԵĿհףָʶʱԼ˲ݵ֮ϣҶ˾Ǳ˯
ǣҶ˵ıϣ˫ϥᣬȻûƽ
ôˣʲôҶСᣬʵ
ҶˡʧˣС̿˵
ŶʧҵļҪҪ㣬˵ˣѱ棡Ҷ˺ǲĽ˼
쵰쵰쵰СôҶˣţſļϿš
ˣôƯʧҶذο
С̼ޡ
ȵĸ󡲻ңȵ˵ǣʱҸһȨǮ˧磡
ҲҪǼޡ
Ǿ͸Ҹµһ֡
ҪҲҪҡͷš
ǡ
ʲôҪֻޣ޹˾ͺáС̱Ҷˣͷ˵š
Ϳ޸ҶҲû˵ʲôˣڲݵϣСſļͷϡ
һ̣ʱ·ֹͣˡ
ֻˡ


69 ʧ3
ҶС̵һĻһЩ˷ˣһʼǲ֪ô£ΪҶ۸С̣һθǽŪˡ
ºǲ֪ԭΪֵԵʣ֪֮ǶСʵϲĪǣȻҲôá
ͬʱǾĽòʼ˵Ĵ󺰲ףΪҪ׷С̵˲С̷ˣǵ˵ǵĻˡ
Ů˹ȻˮģôˣôͣҶ˿ʼüˣܲʶȤ˵
ˡС̳סˮֻȻǺܾãҶЩͷˡ
ţҡҶͻȻ˵
ʲôС̲⣬Ҷˡ
Ĭˣŵľǡ
Ҷˣ㡭
ˮЦݣʱƺúֻϧ̬ˣȴֻôһٶ۵Ĵӡ
С̾ãҲֻҪһ˿Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʲôСͻȻЦֹȻΪҶŹĹ
˵ĻС̾ԲЦٲʱ飬ҶǰûҲûкеȣҲһжʱ
Цš
ˣˣҶذС̲ȥᣬǣҲȻ
ҾҪޣС̾С˵ȻСأֻԼһ䣺Ҫң
ʲôˣˣҰ˰ĪǸɵҶС̵ļȻɷµ˵
Ҫ鷳ġСѿڶ⻰ҲԼһᡣ
鷳ʲôɱһĪǣһܳе˵ˣеҪɱɱ˭ģҶ˻˵ţƽĻڿЦ
ˣѾˣϲȴûôɳڣ첻֣綼һĽΪ޹ˣҲſˣСҲͿ顣
ǿԼ⣬Īǵ⣬Ҳɳ⣬ȻûпҶ˵⣡
ĪǵľѾˣҶ˵ľ֣Ȼ棡
ȻѾףΪʲôҪôãҶ˲ʵ
ҿޣΪȷʵϲʧˣ⻹ҵĳҲԿ𣿡С̷ʵ
⵹ǿԣѾ޹ˡˣûкýģͳƣ󲿷ֵĳĸ顣
߰ɣȥϿˣҶ˾ͻӻ֣תŽȥС̿첽ȥ
ǸҶˡСץҶ˵·˵
ʲô£ҶͷҲصؼǰš
Ҿòģ˸˦ˣСЩԹ˵
Ҹո˵ˣ˸ɵǸĪǣ᲻áҶֱӻص
ǸС˵ܲɳ֡
취ûУֻҪ𣿡Ҷʵ
ȻˣΪɳҲŻᱻ˦ҲܣĪ˦ңҲҪܣСҧ޺޵˵
ǧҪŮˣҶһο϶
ǲǺܹ֡ǻˣû˵ɡСַˣ̣ھǶЩ˺ˣҲǲ̫˺
ţֻ֪ˣг𲻱飬ǲģǼȻôãܾˡҶС̵֣˫ۿǰ˼
㲻ҪɱǣҲСˡС˵
ĺˣֻǶСʹ룡ҶЦ˵
á֣ôʼˡСͻȻ˵
ֻǣڵһģһҲûбڵļ󡭡
˵ʲôλõĺܡţš
ͻȻ䣬СҶ˵ϣȫȫػԹȥ
ѵ˵ܴ̫ˣҶ˽С̱ڻУȻΪ鿴ܿͷԭֻԭ
ˣ
Ѿͷֲ֪Լ壬ôҲ֪ԶҶóһСҩƿеһҩ裬С̵Уˮ롣
һֱٹȵеһǷʵãֻҪһҩͿʮ첻ԶֻҪˮͿԡ
ȻֱٹȵĳɱܸߣҲףȻ¾Ͳжļ
ͬʱҩҶҲС׼˲٣㹻Сһ첻ԶһٵĽңǮСʹüء
ҩҲǸСӦõģʲôʱԶȳԳֹε


70 ݣ1
ֻҶƺһ⣬ǾС̱ˣǾҩҲûãѾιȥˣôҩ
ˣӦҪС̣һˣ
С̷±ٹȵ֮Ҷ˱㽫ϣŽȥֻιȥ֮ôֻǱٹȵ񵤡
ţͿŰɣһ޶ѣ
ǸʱҶ˵ţԭֻҪĪһССĽѵܵƤ֮࣬ھͲôˡ
һ죬ҶĵС̻ؼңǸʱСѾԻ󣬲ҶΪʲôԼؼҡ
ҶֻԺҸ飬üŮһѧ
Сƺˡ
ڶ죬Ҷ˿ʼִļƻȵĵһҪȥױϲԼֱ֮УһžǱ
ȻǺܾͨӦ
Ҷ꣬Ҷأ߹Ҷһ˵ûҶ˵Ӱ̿ʵ
˵ͲˡҶش
Ϊ±ϳҶҲûкһҶһѧǽ˵Լ첻ȥѧ
ҪǺҶһǸ˶֪Ҷˣ
ﲻҪҪ߹ŵʵ
ҪֻǾЩۣϢһ¾ͺáҶصȻѾҶ˵
ڹȥһ߹ҪȥȴҶֹˡ
ˣ˵»ָҪȥ¡
ǲҸڲѧԺҪȥ棿߹ɵȻһЩ룬Ѿ¶ˡ
˵׼ɡҶ겻˵

ҶһӵȫѧԺſڣſڣѧԱıؾ֮·
ҶˣڵӻһĹүû˿ϳҶˣòû˿ԲҶ˱òκε֮ͬ
Ҷ˶ԼҲģţԼˣҲὫԼϳ
ֻǡ
ҶˣʲôСֵ̺ؿҶˡ
Ҷ˳ĬһᣬȻΣװһСҶˡʿ
ڸΪʲôҪ⸱磬Ҫװʶң
Ĳʶ㣬С㣬ϴˣҶıԼߣʹñԼ
Сһһʱ֮仳Լǲϴˡ
ʲôѽװˣ㻯ɻңҲܰϳСЩ˵
ţôϳģҼȻװӣ͸ѧһ㣬װʶңʲô㶼ҪУҶֻСصϻװʶ
㡭ԲϴˣСȻҶڸʲôȻҶ˵ˣҲװԼϴˣȻˣȥҶˡ
ãոո˶ûעһĻȻҶ˵ݾͻᱻƣ
ҶڲˣԼôᱻСһ۸ϳ
֪СҲֻ֪Ҷˣ֪ʲôԭ
ҶǣС̲ΨһģԼһ׷ˡ
С쵰㲻ڼ𣿡Ҷ귢Ҷ˵ĴڣͬҲһϳ
ҶˣҪʲôҪһϷ߹Ҳһͬʱ֡
ҿҶе㲻ˣԼ״ѵôʧܣô˭ϳµҲֻսپˡ
Ƕװʶңʲô㶼ֻҪһ߿ţ𣿡Ҷε˵
С̶ԽһϳҶ˵ˣ߹Ҳ࣡
֪ովӦúҶ˵ãΪϲһӾͱʶˣֻôڻſڣ˵ӦͽȥŶԡ
ҲİţոҶ߹ſȻ˼䣬ˣ̸һЩ飬ſڴһᡣ
߹ո˵ġҶ߹ֿʼ۸ոյ飬װԼûҶ˵
˵ӦҪСǿܶ࣬ǵˮ©ոע⵽ҲΪǲûкҶ˵
̸۵ͬʱҲ͵͵עҶˣΪǺ֪Ҷһ
˺ܾãҶ˶ûжƺҲڵʲôˣŮڶ쵽ˣټƱػ˵ĻɣֲҶ˵顣
ãҶ˵ȵѾˣĪɳһĽѧ
ãѵҪɱǣСһ²⣬ҶݾΪ˲֪ģ²¾Ǵɱˡ
һʱҪȥֹܿ뵽Ҷ˸ոյĻס˶һߵǵؿš
ҶһĪˣȻ֡
žҶһɳϣһڳ֮˵ע⣬˶Ŀ⼯еҶ˵ϣ


71 ݣ2
Ϊҳ𣿡С̿ƺһڿ˵Ҷ˲ҪȥɱˣȻ֪Ŀʲô
ɳѵ˵ܵܣҶüɳѺʿʵд
ߣ߹ҲˣûмҶ˶⣬˵ŮӣΪɳһ˲ˡ飡
Ҳһɳˣ
ô˵ڴҶںһ£ҶΪʲôҪɳһ⣡
˭ĪһץסҶ˵֣Ȼʵ
ʱҶ߹Ӧ׼ħĪǣΪǵҶһ似ħͨˣץסǾͿܻˣ
û뵽ǣҶǹĪץסԼҪԼԵúƽ
ҲǸû뵽飬ں桭
̫ˣ㾹ȻǵĺӣҶָɳҲ֡

һӣ涼ˣ˶סˣҶôһʯ쾪Ļˣ˶ˣҶŮĪˡ
ĪǴסˣҶ˾ͳᣬѳȻ˵ˣڱ˻ûзӦ֮ǰѾܵӰ٣
ʱЩ£ֻҪһ仰͹ˣһ仰ɳĪץ񣬶Ҷ˵ܣɳƺҲϴ壡

ֳʼȻ
ǰɣԭɳȻ޵
Ǳը¼ȻӶˡ
Īû뵽СֻСףţƵĻɳ
ĪǣȫѾɫġ


С쵰̫ˣҶ꿴⸱龰ֻԼܵܵ˹
ʲôʱѧЩģ߹ɻ˵š
Ҷˡ㻹ʲôҺϲС΢΢Цš

ǵģҸͲʶҡɳӦ֮󣬾ͿʼϣͬʱҪҶ˽ͣȴҶͲˡ
ǰ㲻ʶǺһӶѣһͱȽ˼
ûУҺûкӡĪǣҪңɳҡͷץĪǵ֣ᶼҪˡ
㣬㲻ˣҲ֪ðġĪü˵ƺҶ⣬ǲðٷְɳ޹ģǾһֵо⡣
ˣҶ˲һЩ飬ҲֻһС⣬ڶʱ֮ڣǲɶӰ졣
ȻˣҶ˲ܾˣк
͵ʱҶֻױˣȻڲһΣûģֱҶ߹˳ھϵ¼֮Ҳװû
һ£ѧԺиĲŮȥ̥ˣһҽʦ˵ģ֪Ů˭Ҷ򷹲˵Ķ֮УСš
ˣŮһɳ˵£ǻأڿƺôһ¡
ԭҲҪѵĪǲҪӡҶװȵ˵
Ļ⵱ȻҪϧӲġ
ǰɣѵɳб˹ϵǳ
û

ڷ֮ϣҶһȺܰԵŮƴȻȺŮ˾̸Īɳ飬ҵõϢѾȷϡɳ̥
˵ɳǸ˭
֪˵һĹӣ񣬿úܶŮΪ֮㵹Ҷ˿ʼ佱Լһ󣬶һڲ̸ɳ̥顣
ǹֲˡ

ߵϡ
ڲٳϡ
ѧԺÿһ
Ҷòͬ󣬿ʼͬϢһĽ±ʵ󡪡
ڿ𣡣
һ£Īɳ֮ɾͲСˣڵ״ףһʲô˵һԼİԼ
ɳڵѾ׹˵ڼ尾ţں԰Ͳôҥڷɴ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼʲôûйΪʲôᱻԽԽ棬һкܶһЩ֤ݡЩ֤Ҳ޷ȥͣΪû˿Ծ˵֤

ѧԺĵ·ϣѧԱУŴҴȥ˵˵֮󣬱ٵķŲȻˡ
˱Īɳɳ˻ʼѧԺܹעˣҲΪС̵ķ¼Ҳͱʱˡ
ҲҲҶ˽æԭ򡭡
ҶˡСںԶԶطͻȻ۾һΪҶ˾ȻԼ
ˣǺðɳ˵кˣϲϲҶ˶Īɳʼкء


72 ʵ۵⣨1

Сǹİɣ
˶ˣǶڻҶǹ̼˵ģȻҶ˵ԸĻǺпܻ˵ġ
ݴҵ뷨ҶһΪɳĺĪǵģԲŻᵱĪǵعϲ
Ϊ뷨Ҷ˲ŻֱȥʣҪ˵˿Ρ
ҶˡСЩӿŲҪҶˡ
СߣСʲôʱѧôģҲڵҶߵ߹˵
֪㶼֪УôСˣ߹Լ³ƺǺ档
ԺҵĵãСôˣѵ㻹ҪǰĹӣҶ˵
ȻᣬֻҾСôеǸĵ߸һҿϴ󡣡߹е㲻˵
ģϴλߵģ㻹ҪѹأҪȢЩõŮˡҶ߹֣ƺҪһ񽻸߹ӡ
ţһģ߹˵
˵˵ţԭ⣬ҶһֱϣûаԼ߹ĻϣȫûԼгһտҪȢ߹Ϊޡ
Ȼˣ߹ȻԼһ޸ҶˣȴΪԼһᰮҶˣ
㣬ؼң߹ҲڰԼؼˣҾͲˡҶ˺ܲ˵
㡭߹Ϊ֮ᣬͲܽһؼ𣿡
ŶҪһؼҰаҶ˲˵
ҲҪһ𡭡Сһ˵
У㻹ǿؼңȻëַˣ̫鷳ˡҶ˶Ȼܾ
㻹ҪҪС΢Ц˵ȫҶ˵ľܾ
ȿȣҲһɣؼңٲУͻסǸ䡣Ҷ̸ıע⣬ܴ󷽵ؿСסһޡ
Ҷ߹ȴԽȷһ£ǾҪס˵ģҪץס˵θ
ҲҪȥѧѧաͬʱţΪ˲ͬĿģȥԳһء
ǡŮҶҪֱˣеʵ˵ġǡȻǿĪɳ
ǲǺܺ𣿿ôĶҶ˲˵
ҲжŮͬʱʵ
ǰ


žɳһƴĪǵϣĵؿţš
ΪʲôԸңû
֮ԻȻΪոĪ˵ôĻûĻӵѹ
ΪʲôҪ㣬һʱһʱѾһŮˣŮĪ˵
ֳһƬȻĪ˵úޣҶ˼
㡭ĪǣҺ㡭
ʱɳĳ׷ˣеڣԼΪʲôܱסŮ֮ȻҲͲܻᡣ
ڲױ˵ģŮ˲ӦװԼ彻ˣԼϲģҲҪ֮ȷչԼһԼһģܸ

ţ㹻ͳȻͳԿˣĪˣʺ㣡
û뵽ˣҵϹˡ
֪ͺãԺҪңҪĺˡ
ȥ㻹ˣˣƵģ
ιιǸֻǳȫ㣬㳹ʩԼĸ飬Ȼͱһ̬ģ
ű̬ߣ

ǸҶˣǲҪҿĪǵĿ
ţǵģ
شô죬ôоֻǴɣ
Ǻǣ𣿡


Ϊ£ɳΪһˮŮˣȻһ׷ȴģûһĵģ
ɳֻܽԼȫ˸飬ԽԽ䣡
ĪҲòȥķҲһ˲䱻ˣŮǲٿȵ׷ˣ䣬ĴӵλҲ˸ߡ

һеҶأڱһ˷š
ʮ취߸е㰧ؿҶˡ
ԼԼҲŲ㣡ҶֱӾܾ
Ҿǽˣ㣬ֻţ߸翴Ҷˣ˫֮зĹâ
С¼֮Ҷ˵Ѿõ˺ܶ˵Ŀ϶Ҳ˲˵ע⡣
ʲôϵֲ顣ҶȻܾ
ʮǹϵҵҸδɩͿˡ߸ӿˡ
ԼҸԼȥȡ
ھȡˣ߸
Ĳ㡣ҶЩ˵
ˣʮʹӦɡ߸ٽ
˺ˣ֪ˡδɩô£ôֵ⡣Ҷε


73 ʵ۵⣨2
Ϊģ˵Ҫһ¶Ůǻۣһ˸һ⡣߸˵
ŶԭΪǾ͵Һú롭Ҷ˵ͷ˵
룬΢һ㣬ֻʱ䣡߸粻˼شߴٵ
֪ˣһᾡ취ġҶ˰ڰ˵
һҪסˡ
نµĻҾǣ
߸̱͡

Ŀ꣺Ҫнĵκߣ
ƻ棬ڵ֮ϷκεĶҲΪķ򡭡
򵥵Ŀ꣬ȴΪüܣҶ˵߸δɩͷ벻취ֻҶˡ
Ҷˣ򵥵ΪҶһšΪҶ˵Ҫͨ
Ҷ˵߸ţҶκεİ취ǵûκεĸĶ仯ֻҪ£Ǿͻת
ŮһҪıǧ߿
߸ãΪûй涨ʱ䣬ѡһٵʱһԣֻҪڹ涨ʱû˾Ϳԡ
ֻ߸δɩҲһ㣬ѡʱ򣬻ʵҲ߹߱˵ˣûй涨ۿ˲·
ǵ뷨Ҳʱ취˶ʱ붼û
ڰʱҶ˾͸߸Ѿ뵽˰취
ʲôʱûǹ߸羪ȵʵ˵ģûʱνС
ǵģ˶Ŷٷ鷳УҪѡڰ죬߳ʱ򡣡Ҷ˵ͷش
ҪʲôҿҪ㣬ʲôôƿһյأ
˭˵ʲôʲôǻϻʲôҶ΢΢һЦĺˣһһĴ𸴣ʧˣǻ죬˵ʱ޴𣿡
Ҳǡ߸ͷʵ۶ⶼһʱɣԶγԣ
ڶ죬ʵһ˱װʳֵĽĵطͣ׼δɩĴ𰸡
ȷҪʱĵط𣿡ʵüʵ
ӻʵ۵⣬ƺҲ⣬ȴûʱ뻷֮¡
šδɩͷȻһߵ߸磬߸Цһ£ҲֻҶ˵İ취ԽС
ǿʼɣʵЩڴ˵ҪԼŮʲô취
Ҷ
֪ˡ߸ߵһطȻڸŵĶƿ澹Ȼ֡
һĺڶ
˵˲ƻ棬ʮСʲôڷ𣿿ҹ߸̺
ʲô𼱣֪ġԭһߺȲҶˣеεػش
ʵһڲŷҶ˵ĴڣԭҶ˸ġ
ʱȺ֮һӰ˹ȥҶ˵ߣе㲻˵ؿҶˡ
İ취УѾƻ˹򣡡߸ܲˬ˵ⲻǣ˵ʲôֻҪƿⶫû£⻹û£
ģûƻأǾźˣǸ߹ңҶ˵Ȼһ߶Լ˵˱һ߹
߹ҲѪֻû뵽Ҷˣû뵽Ȼڰδɩ⣡
˵أ߹ȻЩˣҶ˵֣ݺݵһ¡
˵ʲôҶ˲ؿ߹ȫ˼
ͬʱǱߵڽУĿǰλãڿڶ֮󣬾ûһ·ˣȫ·
˿ϵĺڶҲΪ󲿷·󣬶ǵע⣬ӶûκεĻԺڶҲҶΪʲôҪ˶ʱ
ڰ˭߹Ҷ˵һ¡
δɩôˣҶ˺Ȼػش
֪ʲô𣿡߹ʵ
֪ǻҪÿŮ⣬Ȼ͹ҰæҶ˼ش
Ȼ֪ˣôҲң߹С˵ûʵһΪ֮һ
Ǽûм߹ı飬ȻǴˣôҲԼŮãܻ˽⡣
ʲôҶ˴ʵ
治֪ô˵㣬Ϊʲôʱôʱȴôٶۣ߸ʵ۵˶һҡͷ
߹˭ǹҲǻʵ۵ŮȻʵ۵ĶŮ⣬ȻҲ⡣
߹ͲµҶûǹˣҲһ⣬û𣿡


74 ʵ۵⣨3
ˣʲô⣬˵Ұ㡣ҶڲˣԼġδšҲǹ
ͲҪˣҲŲҪȥ⡣߹СЦ˵ֻҪ֪Ҷ˻ԼͿԣŻشȴȥش
ΪʲôҶ˺ܲ߹̬ȡ
㲻ʣֻҪǿƽĹӣҪķա߹С˵ţҶ˵ֱۡ
˻ٶһЩǶ߹һ㣬ſ
ʵε⣬Ȼÿӹģ˭뵽һڻλ̳ȨĿˣȻһյģҲǺҪġ
㲻ܼ̳лλֻҪֳɫҲܵõʵ۵ʶõٵȨλ
Ļᣬ߹ȴȫϣ
ŶҶҲ⣬Ȼ߹˵ʲôЩȥܣǺܳٶ۵һ䡪
ʲô
ɣҪ˺ͬһ˻вͬζȻ˵ζκεĲ졣߹˵
̫˰ɡҶЩȵ˵ƺҲ̫ˣźܶ˶ᣬȻָϵġ
Ѿа취ˣ߹
ɣ

Ҷ߹ʼҧ䡭
˵ĸǲ
ʵ۵ЦЦҶ߹ܵĶѾ˾ռˣ˴С
Ҳûˣ
ֻǣȴ˲ģǾ߸ɩ
ʮ
á
ܲȱȣȰǵˣͬ˵
ǵ鲻ڽ𣬵Ȼ˵ʱ䵽ҲˣҶ˺ܲ˵Ȼ߹С˵
㣬Ҷ˵ͽˣɴ˵ѣֻڲ˵滰ʱ˵滰߹ͬҲһ䣬ȻҶҧ䡣

ˣֻ֪ôܽƻصĶʵۿʱ򣬾ѾûбҪ˵ġ
ˣЩҪƻһ£ԼԹȥһµˣҲֱӷ뷨ΪҲͣΥĶһԲĽ͡
ʱ˶ҶˣΪʱ˭֪Ūģ߸ɩѾʱԡ
ֻҶȴһҲûио߹С˵ţѾʼо˵⡣
ʮ
ŶǲҪҽǸڶʵҶڶߵԵȻֱһ̤ڶ
Ҷˣɵˡ𣿡տʼ߹УҪסҶˣڵҶˣ˵ɵˡ
ֻΪҶʱ򣬾ȻվǺڶ֮ϣ桭
⣬ôܣ
ħ

ڳ˶ɵˣȫҶôģƲҲ֮
ɵ˰ɣҶ˶߹Цһӡ
ɵˣ㵽ס߹ҪʣȴҶ˴ϡ
ˣ֪
Ŷ߹Ҷ˵Ļ֮Ҳֱ̤ϺڶȻȫûԼܻȥ
߹ҲҶһվǺڶ֮ϣͺƽ֮ϡ
ףǵ棿߹СŲ˲ȣŵ׷Ӧ̤ǵЬӵĽӴ
ǣһڶôǵأ
ǵ棬ȱĵ棬ֻһ廭һӾϵĴʱ򣬾ĶҲδģҶЦЦȻ߹ˣһȺ˼
˼ҶǾ仰ǻ˼Ŀ㲻ˣݹˣķʽҲǰһ˵ɵĺܳɫ
ֻǣϾ߸ɩҶɵģԮҪо
ʱ򣬻ʵȴΪȻ˵˭û̱ˣԼɣΪһ֮Ҫ֪ãԼȥţǼ⣡
СߡҶҲѧҶĽз
ʲô£߹Ҳԣֱʵ
ȥ棬ȥ𣿡Ҷ˫۷Źʵ
ʲôģÿ춼ȥ𣿡߹¾͵ˣܲ˵һҶˡ
ĶһʱĶҶȫûз߹ȱȱ
ʲô֪ܼңҪûҶҳţ֪ô߹е㵣ǵ˵
ڵҶˣȥһʧȥЩЩıӻһָôԣָȥ
ȻƺǶģҶҵĸڶʱ䵹ǳʲô顣
ûҶңֻҪڣҲһչҶˣ
Ǿ޼ҿɰܣֻȥ׬ǮܼңҶЦ˵
׬ǮܼҡǱˣ߹˵ȫ¹Ҳڶ׬ǮĿΪ˰ܼң
ȥȥᰡҶ˿߹ʵ
ȥȥɣû취߹û˵һֱ˳ҶˣЩϣκεķԼôϲ
ôˣһ㵱Ҷ߹һֱᡣ



75 Ҷ˵1
磬ҶѧԺı䳡ǰĶ֣һݲȵӣͺѾһ
ֻǣ˶֪Ҷǵһ±䳡ĵһξ
СҶ˶˳ټһϲģû˻ӮҲʣ˾ǶˣӮΣһӵˣ
˵һҪֱӾܾûдӦŲò˼ûᶪӣ
µķúܶ˶ú֣ΪʲôҶ˻Ӧ
Ҫص磬ҶСɢʱһȺð˳ڵصסҶ˵ȥ·һҶˣ
ʱҶ˿˿Ⱥˣ˵һ˷㶵Ļ
ұǽѧ¥ǽʦ칫¥м䣡

ȻҶ˳ٶ۵ΪȺԼ·ģԼ鷳ģԣ˵֮С̼ɢǰ
վסȺڷ֮׷ҶˣסҶ˵ȥ·
Ҫ֪ľͲˣȥǱԼʰɡҶȻûеԼġ
ҶˡСе㿴ȥˣ鷳ģ
ǰɣ鷳ʶ𣿡Ҷ˺ܲ׵ؿǰЩˡ
ʶʶˡСû˵
ҪɣҴûе˰ɡҶŬԼˣ֪ȫûе顣
ûˣֻ̫ˣЩ˻û˵С̾һ˵ˡ
ôᣬҳòᰡţҾӿҶҪӡ
СȺ˸ɵɵվʱԶ·ˡ
ʲô㶣Ҷ˴Сùӣ
ȻǺ˧ҲǺǷⰡҶ˺ǫ飬Բ˵Լٷ֮ģֻ˵Լһ㣬Ǻ˧

ϻֱȥȺ֮У˿ʼͷˣǾúҶٶ۵ɵ˵ȥǻɰ׳ա
ȻᣬҪҾΪʲôҶʵ
ΪʲôҪԼΪʲôҪռ߹ţȺѹֵĸ飬ƺʱ򱬷ˡ
˵С߰ûռֻǺһԼѡҶ˵ȫԼ⻰ڴ̼ˡ
Ҷˣ㲻ҪſҪҪ߹Ⱥ˺
ģţߡҶֱӵС̼ɢ
ֻȺȴûзһδεֹҶ˵ǰǺҶŭˣţССķŭˡ
ǷȻҪǾ͵ȥ䳡ѡ

Ҷˣ׼ûУ䳡ϣȺ֮УʵߵĴŽҶ˺
ûУҵûеҶ˻صҸطȴ
ûҪʲôǿԽ㡣ȺɵǾҶʱ䡣
ɹɣ˶֪ҶõʲôΪûù
ɲǿԽõģǵȵȣܿ͵ˣҶЦ˵
֮£ȺֻõȴȴĻҶֱ˵ˣǺòײŪⳡԲʧȴһʲô
˲֮󡭡
ܵܣ˭ںҶ߹ɱǲˬ˵
ǡٺ٣ҵˣǿʱ׼ˡҶվ֣Ⱥ˵
ǣΪʲô߹ȺˣƺЩˣֻȷ
ô࣬ȫɵͿˣȻ۸ҵܵܣҶǺܸɴ˵Ųʲôɡ
С㣬ҶǾɲҪȻҶһӶ̧ͷˡȺҶ꣬ǵȻҶ
ھһ㶼ȸ棬ʲôԭҲãҪ֮˵ȻͻΪһһӵɡ
ֻԼĻҶȻȥᣬ漰Ҷˣֻʱͣ
ҶˣǿʼɡϵġС
ܵܣʲôģ𣿡Ҷ⻰֮󣬱ɻˣЩڴ
һҲ֪ҶʲôӲ֪Ҷʲô
߹Ҳܺ棬ڴؿҶˣҲܺ棬Ҫ֪Ҷ˵׻ʲô
ˣˣҵǡҽҶ꣡㣬˴ſ£ҶЦЦȻ˵
Ĭ
һʱ֮䣬ֳڳĬҶ˵仰ʲôҶꣿ
Ҷһˣ
˵Ļǲˣ
Ҫ˵ˣҶһˡȵȡ
ˡ


76 Ҷ˵2
ҶˣҲ̫޳ˣСôôʹȺ˿ʼǿҷԣǴҶ޳ܵΪ
˵ҽǿҲʲôҶЦ˵˭涨һ㣬Ҫ۸ңɵǣ
֪ˣͿŰɣˣҶĦȭƵ˵ҲԼ֣Ȼƺе⣬ں
ιιܣİӡȺ˿ҶͿʼˣ˵ʲôɶǰ׷ѵġ
˭֪ڵҶһǲ߶ʮһȰǴ˵
ܣǧóжϡ
Ⱥ˳ΪʱֳˣǣǶ˵ĻҪԼԾʾ
ڴҲˣΪʲôҶ˻ӦⳡûԼȥһʼʹԼĽȥ
ɣ磬Ҳ˵ĳһȻ
㣬ˣǻؼˣ
ҶòڲվȻͷȥ˾۹⣬Ȼһˣٴ飬Ҳһı顣
˭ҪǣȻߺߣҶһ仰ЩҪЩˡ

ǧҪܣһɵӣһǷӣһµϣ
ȵңҡ߹ҡҡͷȻ׷ȥ仰û˵ʱһЩ벻˳ˡ
Ҷ˹ӣ£ǵʹһˣһλĻʼͻȻڸסҶ˵ȥ·
Ҷ붼û룬ֱӻصûաң
ʽǹȥûգҲҪȹȥ߹û˵СҶ˵Ķ˵
ҲȥҶȻǱԭľ
ȥҲȥҸףҲһ֮ߣһȥ߹˵Ҷš
ŶǺðɣҶҲûзԣ߹ȥʹ
ҶȻʱܷ裬ڴǺܲģξ߹˵ҲҶȹȥ
ȻʲôҶ˹ȥܻʵûнָȥҲһҶˣ
ֻǣʲôҪҶ߹һȥģҶˣҲǵңҴҲ࣬Ҷ˳ģûֱӡ
ˣеΣȴûһעģֻΪ˵ʹͼûж𣬼ʵۺͼҲûжֱ߹͸˵ˡ
Ҷʹʱ򣬱ֱӴһ͸оЩԾ
֮ϣеӹֳϻʵ뼸´ȨĴ󳼣˵۹ĺģʱٵյ۹ؽҲ
ʱ򣬵Ҷ˽ʱ˶Ŀ⿴Ҷˣÿ˵ĿⶼͬΣͣȵȡ
һеһУҶ˸ûвˣֱӶŻʵ۾һ䣬ƽʻ
ϣʲô£
Ҷʵе㲻ƽ⣺Сӣյģȥһ١ЦģСѾͷҪңʱҶ߹Żʵ۵ܲƣ
˵ģҶˣԭֻһǡСϸҳһĿǣʵ˵ʱϺǲˬ
ʲôҶȫ׻ʵ˵ʲôʲôһĿ
ӦûѾͷҲ߸˽һ⣬£ûǰɡʵۿҶ˵ı飬֪Լ˵ʲô
ǵãôˣҶ˵ͷʵ
ҲӦüǵã㻹ҲĿʵۼ
ǰѵ𣿡ҶеԻʵ
ǿԣҲʲô⣬˵ⶼˣʵЩε˵
Ҷδɩȣ߹ں󣬼ӹҶ˽⣬ȻҶһʣĽˣ
ǸеΪ⣬ȻҲҪҶ˽⣬ҲǱһԵ̬Ϊ࣬ôҲ벻Ҷ˻ĽԼ⣬һȫˣ
Ҷ˽ַҲǧٹ֣˶ûģ˸Ϊȣ
Ҳ֪Ҷʿȷа취ĵȷȷһš
Ǹ𣿡ҶЩ׵ʵ
飡ʵֱӹҶһ£Ȼ߳ʲôεĿ͵ȫˣεĿҲɲˣ
ٳⰡһҶе㲻˼˵


77 Ҷ˵3
ͷĿˣεǳģԼҽʵۻص֮ϣҶ˵
Ҫҳ⣿ҲУҶ˿Żʵۣɣûб飿
ûˣȥú룡˭ʲôĿʣЩ鶼Լʵ΢Ц˵
㻹صعʲô֪ͨһ²ˣҶֹ
ڿ˵۹Ȩ⡭߹û˵֪Ҷ˸㲻״
Ҷ⣬ĳһǶ˵ѡ̫һ㣬ԲŻ£ԶԻ
ţҶ˻ȥǸ˭ʲô⣬ڼ䣬ڳЩӹкܶ󳼶ʾãϣõĸԼԼֵ֧ϵ
ʵ͵ڰҶƵȨλãлвСľȨ
ҲΪ֪ʵʱ򣬼˶ˣ˭벻ʵۻҶȨѵ˵ʵ⴫λ߹
߹Ҷ˵δޣҶȨⲻǰ߹ռˡ
߹ڴҵòǻۣͻһԲһʺϵѡλĻмһкܶˡ
˵Ҷҵ֧֣Ҷ˵ƺҲе棬Ҳǲܵġ
ˣڴʱ˿̣߹ҶҲͳΪ˴ĿеĶ֣ͻȻֵĶ֣ǰô㶼ֲĶ֣
뷨ֻһᣬϾƷ뷨
ֻΪҶˡ
ûȥˣҳ⣬Ӻ͹Լһ£дֽϡҶ˲ûȥ룬ֱá
ô̵ʱҲʵ벻ʲôرѵĿͺܸɴĳһЩһ˸ͻش⡣
һҵЩ⣬ֻԼһ룬ܴپͶ٣ǿһش𣬿ۼӣԽ׵ĻͿʼ׼СʱＯУ
Ҷ˵⻰֮󣬱㿪ʼóīֽ⣬ʼôдĿ
㣬ôҶһԵҶ
һ𲻳Ҷ΢΢˺
֪ôȻ𲻳ʵҵôǲǺдҷ緶ҶЦЦ˵
ȥ˵㣬ǲǲˣֵȷƯʲôʱһ֣ҶҶһ£Ҷ˵ļʵ
ٺ٣ҿģлд֡ҶЦ˵
ֱģ鷨Ҳ漰ʵ鷨ǿдԼ鷨֮УʱдĴ־Ŵҷ緶ˡ
ҶȴչԼ鷨ΪûжȤ˵Ҳûٻд֡
ҲΪҶ˺ٻд֣鷨֣ͳ˺ܶصĶ󣬼ֵƣ
һдЩĿЩģΪƷΪ鷨ԣЩҲıһ۹ˡ
ˣ˶˰ɣǾͿĿˣҶһ£ͽոдĿڴ֮С
˶Ŀ⼯Щ棬ãıʾȻⲻΪҶ˵ƯΪĿ
ܿ죬ڳ˺ܶ˰Ŀ⼯ҶϣһʼǱߺȲҶҶˣд˵֮зһֳ˵۹⡣
ֻΪܶڿĿ֮󣬾ȻԼش˶⣬еһشϡ
ǿ߹һԺһ߷ͬҲش𲻳һǵľͱһ㣬еǸҲͷ
٣Ҷ˲ǵǣ߹׻ش
ҶˡΪʲôЩⶼô֣д𣿡ʱ򣬻ʵҲʼˡ
ǰСӣҪö棬ǻؼ룡Ҷ˵ΪҶҵĴĳȻڳ
ģҵⶼд𰸵ģֻһǻش𲻳ҶЦŻص
һΪʲôһⶼ𲻳߹˻شе㲻ˬ˵Ĺһ㣬Ҳһ𲻳
ѵô𣿡߹е㲻ŵСֹš
㱿޹أٴҲһܻشˣĲ˵ǻۡҶЦ˵
߹Щף˵ЩĿĲǻۣʲô
ˣȱ衣Ҷʾ߹£߹ҲܹɵıϣЩĿҡҡͷҶ
ˣʱЦʱ߹ûôҶˣʱ
˶û飬Щ޹أϣֻĽĸ顭


78 µŮˣ1
ʱȥЩ˵ֽȻһƬհס
ʱ䵽ǩǵ֣׾ҲһǣҶ˵Ȱźõע⡣
ܿ죬Ͱ˵ľӶȻЩ˺ܲԸôڳҲʲôĶ
߸磬δɩľǿհ׵ġҶ˵һǿδɩľӡ
֪Ҳֱ˵߸Ҷеĸоһÿ˶᲻ˬٵĺҶˡ
ﲻ˵𲻳⡣Ҷ˺˵ȻЩհ׵ģûдһ˵վһ
ǸʱȺģвԼͬҪҶ˽һ̵ĽȻֻѡ
ǣҲǱߣʣµġҶֽЩµˣǱߡ
Ȼǻʹ˲żüãǾȻܳ⡣Ҷ˿˿ʣµЩˣƺһ㡣
˴ʮϣ˲ŰףǣᣬȻȫԣµŮ˭Ҷ˺ķ֣ܳʮᾹȻȫԡ
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ҶЩԺԼʲôʱ۸ڰ˹
Сʱ顭߹ѵ˵ҲֻСʱ飬Ҳνǵòǵˡ
Ҷˣ𣿡ڰ˹ߵҶ˵ǰԼ临ӵҶˡ
Ҷ˿һ£ȻʶĶһ£߹֣С˵Ժע̫ӽˣʵ̫ˣ
߹һû뵽Ҷ˻Ķ
ôˣǴĿʲôµģ߹׵ʵѵΪܱ𣿡
СߣЩⲢǴԽԽáЩ⣬֪𰸣ҲܿһⶼشҶ˵ֻҶ߹ֻһЩš
߹ҶܲףܵܣҶˣǲַɵˣ

ǣϣҪѾˣ飬Լ㶨ˣˣҶ־׼ˡ
µʵҲûҶ˵ˣʵԼҲͳƳȻǺҶЩ⵽ʲôҲֻһοѣľ̳˵Ҫָꡣ
ʱ򣬻ʵͻȻʹһ⡪
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ѡҵļ̳ˣҵЩŮ֮Уѡ˭ʵʳһ˾ȵ⣬û˻뵽Ҷ⡣
ʱ˶ҶˣҪõĴ𰸣ȻҲ˶ٵãһ˹עš
ѡһѡ֮еĳһҶ˳֮ģȻָЩûдԹһˡ
ƫ
ҪΪƫ˭ҵѡ񣬲ȴ֪ǿܻʺһ֮ҶָЩʮҵˡ
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ҶˣҧҶˡ
ϣңҽɱˣҶָᣬֱӵ˵е뷨

һȫĬ˵𣿽һɱԼŮұϻǺɵġ
Ҷˣôַɵˣã㲻ҪһС߹Ҷˡ
ֻ˵ʵԺǾ֪ˡҶ˺޹˵Լû˵ʲô
Ŀʲô׼ʵۿʼмҪ⡣
Ҷ˵Ŀʲô
ĸŮˣĸ׹ϿһδĹ幤һ飬һºþͽɱˣΪʲô

ǰһʦʩħڳǱﳤ߲ѡ˵ֻӵһѹһλ˧ӹռ˳Ǳȳ˹ǣ˹ͱɱˣΪʲô

˰ɣĿȫǷԵĿԵԽ࣬ͻԽ̬ȫԵᣬǱ̬еı̬


79 µŮˣ2
Ҷ˳ЩĿԭ򣬲˵ģãΪʵҪ̬һһ㣬Ͼͨ˿λá
һ̬ˣܳΪûʵۣ
ˣе̬Ҳһ㣬ֺҵĳ̬ҲʵҲ֤һ㣬˺ܶ࣬ʮϵҲڡ
ˣҶҲûдĿ˴ڣһһʹŮ
̬һʺʵ̶ֳۣ̬ȵģǾͲʺˣˣ˵õ۹˼
ˣҶҲųڼ̳֮ķΧ
ҶΪʲôֱ˵ЩǷĲ⣬˵˵ҲûãûָĶ˵ˣҲ㲻ʲôҲᵱʲôƾ֤
ЩĿͨ˴ԵԽԽã㣬ǶһΪãȫԡˣҲ֪ô˵Ǵûй顣ˣЩǾԼŰɣ˵ġҶҡҡͷһӣ߳˴
Ĭ
ܵܣˣôԶ˻װʲôҶŻװӵҶ˵ݺݵһ¡
Զ˰ǿ߰ɣʶġҶ˹ȻװģΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳
֪ҾͲĿû뵽һµŮˡ
ܵܣ⵽ײԵʲôҶ겻ʵ
˵
ʲô
Ҳô
飡

ǲƤˣȻ˵ұ
ǡҶ˻ȴҶСȭͷԼǰƣͺܴزټˡ
ߺߡ
ŰɣǸŮ˲ʹһȷѪ꣬ϣҪϡҶ˼˵
ܲ³ȴԴ˲ôģΪǻʼڲ飬ʵ˭ûжӰ죬ҶҲһ
ңỹСʵ۶׳꣬ⳡ籩㷢ҲҪȼʮˣǸʱ飬ֺαȥôࡣ
ֻǣĻôҲɡ
ô˵粨Ѿһ䣬˶£ֻһЩɻһЩ˼һЩԹޡ

Ҷˣ
ңҲ
֮Ҷƺÿ춼ңҪһδҶѧˣԲҶ˴棬涨òʹáˡΪ
Ҫ˵ΪʲôǰҶûңʼˣΪӦ˱˾һҪԭ
ƺҶ˵ԽԽߣԲӹŻʵ۵ġʶһЩԭһвˣڿʼΣˡ
ԭЩ׷߹ȴҶ˷ҶˣµˣڿʼҶ˵鷳ˣҪֶͨΣҶ߹Լ
Ҷ˲ûôģҪͽȻϣҲ˵ͽģ߹뷨һΪԼñѿ
˵ˣ߹Ѿ˵˺ܶΣҪסЩĵ׷ߣҲԸȥƣϾ߹Ǻһ𳤴ĺѡ
ȻӦûУʲô߹ô˼߹ɻ飿
ʲô˼ģϲУʲôҪ𣿷ҵδޣǾ͸ģҶһҲ֪Ƥ޿֡
Ȼˣ󲿷ֵ˻ǰߣ
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ǲȢ߹ҪȢͱҪʹǣ
Цʲôˣǲ֪νһȥȻСұǣҶʮٲǰſģҶ΢΢ŭ
һεסһ֡
Ҷʮ٣㣬ҿɲ£һĹӸ˵ȷŲµıʵҲ˽֪ģҲǴСֲҶ˵ˡ
λҶ˺ܲӵʵڳΨȫ֪˭
Ҷˣǵ۹һʥӡڣһԵСΪܡ
ʥʥ֮ģһĴڣʲôطųĵλοյ۹ĵһʥһ˵õȮ죬ʥڵʱļ˶ܷ⡣
Ȼָڵʱһʥˣļûм̳еʥʵǵλϾͻἱתֱ¡
ҶͻȻȭ˵
Խʥ񲻿ܣ֪ҶԸˣԲΪԷǽʥļ˾ͻı俴ǽʥҲһܣοӡ


80 µŮˣ3
ڲ֪Ҷ˵Ը񣬻ΪԼסҶˣմմϲȻˣװƽֻ˵Ȼ֪ңˬһ㣬Ҿˣ߹ĻԼ
û֣Һæû棡ҶȻǾܾ
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Լүү壬үүֶܻˣǲФҶҡͷһǸүүһ㡣
ҪڰνУȻ󽣿ʼ£ббز档
˵⻰ʱ涼ȫϵĽ
һּΪټľʽֻгƺ˲ŻѡķʽΪ˼壬˫¶Էأ򵥵˵
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šҶͻȻеС̺øߴ󣬾һøˣǽӢۣ
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ûǵһ֮ǰǸȻˡ
ҶˣûǸ˼ôʹӦˣôܴĹ˼ңСڷӦ֮󣬺żҶ˵֣ҪҶջ
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ΪҶ˵İȫЩ˻һЩ£һЩǽʥҲֵס飡
֪ڲȥҪҶ˵Ҷ˵ˣǲΣմڣ

ӣôͱҶܽҶ˵СԺӣŲٵˣҶ꣬߹С̣ȻҶǡ
һΣҪ˵ٴΡҶ˿Ҷ죬еЦ˵
ôǶ𣿡Ҷ쿴ʵ
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˵κ˶Ҫ֣ԼҪʽľüƺе㵣ĵζ
ƨСùûУħûУȫûУҶֱӺ˲֪Ҷ˵飬ǻ֪
Ҷ˿˵ǴûκεĶħû壬˭Ӯһʿһ߼Ľʿ
ʲôù˰ħҲҶ˷
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飡

ֱҶһ£û˵νãǴùûɹ

аħȻҵôŪǱĵǴޣҿһˣҶ˿
һȥ˵ģΪʲôҪӦͨľ㶼ܾˣӦʲôҶܲʵ
ΪҪ֤ҲһϲģҲˢӵģҶ˲֪óˢӣһһѵľš

ˣҪǰ̸̸ܳεȻĻǵһʥҲӡҶ˵ʱǿƾȫɢ
Ϲ֧㣡˫ã˵š
ϰ֣Ҳ֧㣡
ȥȥǶңҪʽرһΣǾһΣһ˵ؽ۵˻ҪĵۣҶ˺˵
ۣʲô߹һʱʵ
СģֻΪҲ׷ʹҶ⡣


81 սɣ1
ȿȣֻ᲻ԴҶ˿Ե
ȷ𣿿ԺˣҶ컳ɵҲֻĺˣӮ⡣
ȷһԼ϶Ҷ˺棬浽ñҲģʱʱѣ
ǡһҪȥһˣҶһᣬȻûиıע⡣

ҶֿʼֲҪ˲֣ȻͻǷֻЧǺܺãûж˹
ҶûȥˣⲢҶڳɹˣΪĳͨľ
Ȼûзû˻֮ıķʽϾ⣬Ҳ˷ʲô෴ֵ֧˺ܶ࣬ȫ֧֣
Ҳ˭û뵽ȫǵ˶ڻҶˣڵ֪ڡơҶʱ򣬺ܶ˶һʥļУָ޳ܺյоǿҪ˳
ڵѹ֮£ټϵһʥڵȷе⣬Ҳ˿ҶңȻͲӦ˳ǲܵģ
ˣһʥڸıķʽ˫Ҫƴ
Ȼ˵òúܶ˲⣬Ҳֻˡ
˫ľʱ볡ҲĻʼѧԺǿ˵Ĵ;
֮һֱѵӦľÿһȫԸҶķϲġ
ڷϲأҶأ
ȻһѧԺϿΡ
Ҷˣôʲô¶ûƵģСЩʵ컹˵ԼһӮҪһˣڿƺȫµ¡
ʲô£Ҷƺˡ
ڵľСҡҡͷˡ
飬˵ҶǼǵãһҲš
㲻Ҫ׼׼ȻôӮˣô˵ģߣҪǸһͷҾÿСץҶ˵֣ݺݵ˵
ţСĵһͷǺİܹңҶ޹˵
Ҳܣ㲻ܵһͷһëС̴һᣬȻ㿪ʼ˵š
еѶȣҪооˣҵأ
أ͹ȥġ

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ţ㿴ǰĹƣҵһһ
һСҲҿ϶˵Ҳڻдˣʵϣ˶ûпҲûдһ
ҶھʣҶ飬ľ֣ôܷŹҪ˻ܼһᡣ
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ѹʮӮιǵûеʮһʲôķϲģʤٷ֮һûС
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Ҳ֪Ҷ˵ʵ֪ţӮ
иɣ±⣬ҲҶ˸еοܸԼôߵ
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ֻǣһΣȴ޷ע
ʲôעΪʲô
ʮ٣εǣȻƷҲϹأҪעԼϣǿԵģķԱǫ˵
浰ȥԼϣǲͻӮǮˣ͵û
Ҳֻ㲻ӮǮǮ
Ҷ˴С뿪˶ķȻڽֵҹţѰĺóԵġ
ҶˣӦȥ׼һ¾飬ҪˡһʼС˵Ļڲ֮ȴ˵һЩ
Ҷˣܺóԣ
СȫҶ˵ܣԺ
ʱһȥÿŬţҶÿ춼ڳԺ֣ΪĶԱȡ
Ҷǳ׷ǳţ
ϣӦǰߣܶҲΪǰߣһڴ֪֮УûҶˣǰٷְٴ򲻹ڣȻǾ͸ȥ׼ʲô
Ҳ˾ûǺߣΪҶĽ˵ڻ᲻ս԰ܣҲǴ󲿷֧Ҷ˵Ҫԭ
ʲôأͿԼˣ


82 սɣ2
ʼѧԺľûеʱ䣬ѾΪƱҲһƱţҪƱģʼѧԺҪάô˵ҪյǺġ
Ҫǣ׬ǮĻᣬ˭װ׵ķŹ
쵽֮Уƽ񵽹嵽ʵۣÿײ˶Уͬʱũ˵ˣԱȵȣҲӦоУ
ÿͬˣȴһͬĿ֧꣬Ҷˣ
ҶأǲǺЩһϲʱ̳֣ϴС̵ıһֱų֣
ҶһͳˣĶе磬Ļ˵һĵˣȻñ˵Լˡ
ҶʱڳУȥƺ۲Żϸƺڲ鿴ÿһء
ʮ٣ǿŶе˷һֺ֧Ҷˣ
лл֧֣ǳԷҶ΢ЦŹֻ
ʮ٣ôˣ㶼𣿡һ˿ЦغֻǿЦѣûҶĻ룬мˡ
ֻǣҶ˱ϾǳܼӣĻӻ
ţȫȥԷȥӹ
ʮ٣ģϲ
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һӣˣûпѾһ߳׶Σ֧Ҷ˵ԽԽ
ƣͿ԰ǸڸסˣȻֻһЩ˵뷨
С˵ĲǮǮ⼸Ҫٰڿ̨֮ϣеû
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飬ֻҶֳܼӲŻ˾ǰܼңҲûĶ
£ĳ˿ǰʢ٣Ϊ֮˴̵һѻ
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ˣڻҶ˵Ķ
ʮ٣ĺ簡ǲڳʲôֽţƤⲻЦؿҶ˵
ûУһӣҶҡҡͷȻ˵

仰Ǳ˼˵СˣС֮ĶȾ֮
ڣ찮»ʦǶҶ˶ֽţһ֪ġһʥƽ˵
˵ƽ׵˶֪һʥҪð»˿ڣ֤Ҷûֽţ
ΪʲôҪð»˿ڣΪ»ǵ۹Ļʼʦһļ˵ûб˶ֽţǱضûУοҶ˵ģ
ˣҶһʿҪֽţȻҲ٣˵֪
ʵϣ»˻ԭҲΪ˿ҶˣҪ֪ҶʿôܱˣܿҶʹðļܣ
˶֪ʿеս֣Ҳ֪ҶŰıʼǵˣӦûѧһЩսļɡ
ֻǣ˲֪ıʼҶ˵֮¡
ģʮֻǿڻûκεĶϲҲУ»ʦߵƺôѺá
ֻΪ»ʦʼʿһҶžԵĺøУҶ˽ıʼŪǣǵͻͽ
򵥵˵ʼʦ֧Ҷ˵һȺˣ
ǰʿ˵Ȱźܸõķӣʤ㣡һ˵ףҾһ£ҲҪ׼Ҷ˺ʵ˵ţÿһ仰滰
ֻǣЩ赭дƺоһӣ
һ¿֮ȰҸҽʦһšڷǲм
ʱ˶Ҹҽʦһֿ˵˵Ժܶ˶Ϊ֮ŭֱҪȥˡ
ֻǣҶȴػصҽʦѾҺ˰õҽʦֻҪ㲻Ծȵûܻһ֢

Сװɵ𣿲ȻôɵôԽһǵˮ©
ˣȻˣǾͿʼɣҪСŶ̫⣬ǺǿġҶ˻ӻָ֣ſǰڡ

㣬Ż˭ǿˣ
еˣͬ뷨Ҷ仰Ҹǵģһʵݶûеƣ
㻣˭ҾȳУЩм˵


83 սɣ3
ҾͲˣҶ˵ͷȻڿ˼
ʲôأڻֻǣоϺ񲻶ԣһȺʼʦԺˡ
ܿ죬ǾףҶˢˢضǺģģĿʼ
ֻҶͻȻջأռָȻܳ壬Ⲣȫǰһ֣䳤Ѿһ˶೤
֮󣬳ĺ󲿷ֳˣһɸִСεĺɵĴٺǳ塣
ϸĻͻ֣ᷢʵһԲԲмǺںĿն򵥵˵һԲͲ
棬صĵ̣һڳʦǶԿ϶
һƷͣһŴڣŴǿģŰ֣а
ʱҶ˵һץİ֣һİȻڵķһۡ
ֻ⡰ֳִڡһʼ⣬ţԲͲ֮зҫ۵Ĺâ
ҿ磡ĹԱ̽缤ҶʲôǸеһΣա
ʦǵ۾ʼƺʲôƵġ
ֳִڡһֱĹߣֱڶȥ
ǰһ̵ʱ򣬻ԺҶʲôĽʿܣܵȥ
䣡߽Ӵ磬̾ͱˣǿҵɳڽ֮ɢԶĵطը
ҶеǸֳִڵɳɳȥǽ֮ϵѺۣڸߴһ¡
ʮе⣬ǾԿֲĶ

ʱ˶ĿɿڴؿҶˣ
Сӣ˲¶࣬ȻֲĶȴһֱûκ֪
̾ţ룬ԼոյĹ߻еĻǻվ𣿲Ӧʣܾȵû
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ңҶЩڲ֮ͬ£ŲͬЧԻ˺ܾϲ
䣡
Ҷ˶˵һ£ԼӴˣҺνѾûˣ
㻹ڶϮŭ
Ϊɶ㻹ûأҶһ˵ţһ߼һ¡
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𣿡ҶͣȻ˿еڡ
ȻԣǷ棡㿴˾ʱʹ𣿡ں
ǣһʿʲôУҶһΰ
Ҳǣһʿ㲻൱߲öħʦħһĻʲôñȵģ
һΣڷˣΪ֮ǰҶ˵ĻΪҶ˻ͣˣֻû뵽Ҷ˻Ǽ
һ˲䣬һСģˡ
䣡
ڱ俪Զܼѵȶӣһְŵ֧壬˫ŭҶˣƺ˲Ǻأ
ţǺأոȻһСģһ˲Ҳܷȥýȥߵ
ȻˣĶܵסҶ˵ڻȴڽӴ֮㱻ײɣ֮Ӳƴ˻أ
ֻڵ˫ֶڷ޴ײһʱ֮䲻˵ڿҶˣ׼ѣڻָѣ
ңһẦµģҺµĻҾͻһСٰҶеֿʼȫûһ˴Ϣľ򣬼ǶԷѾſڵϴϢˣҲԥؼ
ҿ
Ź߳ͣֻܺûĽһ¿ȻûӵҲ˶ʽڹؼʱǿЧ
ڱܹһڻ֮ȻҶֱ߱ȥеٶȾһ㣬һ˲мľ룡
ǵһʥӣôˣҶеĴԶ̹͵Ȼ޴󣬵ʹòô㡣
ÿʹöҪһʱƺһȴʱ䣬ͬʱڶڸƶ壬ƺץ켣׼
һ㣬ȻԶ̹Ȼ޷ڽӳ
ˣֻҪ϶ʱ嵽Ҷ˵ߣǾͿеɥʧ
ƺҲõ֤ʵҶ˵ڵȷڶ̾뷢ӣǴҶ뵽ģǴû뵽ǡ


84 ţ1
ҶڽӽԼ֮󣬺ܸɴؽӵôֽ޴ˣӵĽ޹ҪĶһ㡣

ΪҶ˵ȫΪ֮զһСᣬ嵽Ҷߵڣ
ܿ죬Ҳһ£ҶӵǺĲԣͬʱҲһ㣬Ҷ˵ɲֹһ
ϺСըҶ˴ӳСĳƷò׹һĶڡ
ը㿪ˣըҲ˵ҶǰǸڵ̵棬ȻȻΪЩСըҲǷͬСɡ
䣡
䣡
䡭
ҶܼûʧƷûһ򵥵ģȫǼϣըľ
иоķĪ·ţһΣյıը壬Ȼ̫£ꡰ¡³ȫ·Ѿը䣡
ǲ֪·ôң嶼ˣ
Ҷأվһ߷֪ڿһʲôǽԼĳɹ
쵰Ҫɱ㣡Ҷվһߡֻӣ߷ѵеʧȥˣѾ֮ǰҪ㵽ΪֹԭҶұĴʩ
ŶȻҪɱңҾֻɱ㣡Ҷ˺ƽ˵ţȻóһС͵Ĵڣţͺڲ࣬С˺ֻܶ࣬һ㲽ǹĳ̡

СӵĶǲ˴ĻСģ
СĿӦûȴķܻܶ࣬Сһ㣬Ҫߺܶ࣬˵ˣСһ㣬ҲǺܿµģ
ֻǣС
飡
Ҫ֮ǰķʽӦʱȴܾȵķ֣ҶеСڣû⣬ƺСڵ棬û
ǺںͲֱӱĳһںĶǳֹ֮ħ
ʲôڶò򵥣ȶΪֻǣܿͷԼ̫ˣ
ǺںĶڿеʱͻȻſһڷȥԽԽ󣬽ڵȥ·סˣͺһ
·ӣȴ԰ννҪϣ
Ҷ˵ôô򵥱˿ϣǳŶĳȫκεĺۼ޷κεĸı䡣
ڽӴ֮󣬱̽Χסڰ棬ԽԽڵЧֻܼԼס

һеһУ޷κεˣ
ҶƵģҪ˵ڣүүҲһ޷֪ʲôһúܶ˿ڴҶǱ
һּΪϡĲϣһ֩ħʱµ˿ܸһеħ붷ԼߣɱԽĺöȿȣ˿һ㶼סֵġ
ֲϼΪϡ٣һ۹Ҳûж٣òƶûҶ˵Ŵ࣬װǱ붼ģ
Ҷ˵СڣŲͬĶҲвͬ빦ܵϵҲֻһţҪŪţʵûˣ⻹Եɺ֮£Ṻõġ
ڸֱ׳ĸҶˣȥҲǰȥģЩܼҵ飬ҲǺôģ
ȻҲֲô򵥣кܶĲϼӽȥرƵĻأ˲ſܴķΧһץס֮󣬱С˶ã
κ˱ץסǽһΪȻǰǱץס
ν㻹ʲôԣھ˵ɣҶ˵߷ߣ߷ԼȻ
ҪƿڴҪҶ̫ɣЩֵֹĶǣҶ˵ʱϱˣֻëҶˣͻҪԼ
ΪʲôҶ˻ĸоϻ㿴һôڣ仹ǶԼ׼ʱҲһ
ҶʱѾһߵڣҪڿˣ
䣡ںʶʱ̾죡
䣬ѵñ˸
ֻҶƺûڡ
ҶˣѾˣסˣһʥЩżغ
ΪʲôҾҪס֣ոҪɱңҪɱҶ˴˵˸ое·ˡ
ǵһʥżĵطҶһΪеɵɵģʱҶ˾ɱڣҲֻΪһɵ£ԭκΪ
ȴˣļ˵ԲǺ£


85 ţ2
㲻ҶѾˣҸոֻûҪɱ㡭ڻæ͵ɲˡ
лʱ򶼻˵ԣҲǻˣҶ˵Ϳ˰ڿʼ⡭
ס֣һʥһԾһǽ飬չһʥĳʵһ˲ƣڵǰ档
ãҶЦ˵仰еĪĸоʲôãɱǸˣ
𣬷磬ȫ
̡
ͬɫĹ֯һ𣬷ɿתţһȫµĻɫ
˵֮ǰҶ˵ڷĹߴССֱ۵ĻھǴȣһһӵĴȣ
Ŀɲֹһ㣬ˣ
䣡
һʥ֮£ֻðνһ˲䷢ӳǿĶɫƴֻʱˣǱɣ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲôֱ뿪Ⲣ룬ֻΪҶ˵ǰ˲סлһ𣬽˹̶Ҷ˽⿪أȻһʱ䲻ֿ
Уâ䣡
һʥȻΪһʥɫƽɫ
ûƽɫ˴ΪԾȻǳԾһʥʵǳԾҶȻõһʥһʱռ˱ˡ
Ȼ˶֪֮£ҲеһʥڵʱԲܣ
ֻǣ͵Ϯ䲻ĻвǺܴġ
âɢȥһʥӰҲͳڴǰôҶҶ˵ӳԾ

һʥЩƣոյһеƣˣҶһʱ֮û˵
ףסˣܲԿռ֮ģʽռ䡭
Ҷ˵Ļ붯˵ӶҪˣ
Ҳ̫̬ˡ
ںܶţҶһһʥܻܿᱨܻһʥ¼Ҳԩġ
ҲΪĽʥ
ҶˣҲ룬ֻǣоƺ̫˷ˣõһʥѵˣ
ƺҲҶ˵һáܼң
𣿵һʥˣ˷𣿴ĳֽǶ˵ҲһְܼҵΪֻǹң
ֹһҪֹ
ܶ˿ʼס֣а˻ʵۣЩ˵ĻƺҶûʲôЧֱ
С˵ס֣һŭȡ

̫ϧˡҶջ˶ڣϵ֪ѾΪֹˡ
ڿϧʲôȻǿϧûҪڵʵûаڷϣֻҪԵһʥжʵҪ֪Լܸܲɵһʥȼ
֮ǰ˵ҪɱڣʵҲΪһʥŻ˵ֵȴȻֱӾͺһ˽ˡ
ˣڿϧûͽˣĿҲѾﵽˣӸոϵڻĽѾӦĵʽ
Ҳ˵Ѿ֪ȫĶԱȣϵģ
Ҷˣڵջ֮Թ޵Ҷ˵ͺ
ҪҳûհҶ֣Ȼ̨ȥ
Ҫ㹫ƽ㲻ʹֵֹĶڲ˵
һ㣬һʿõľЩս㲻䣬͵Ϊ˵ҶڻصȻš
ΪߣпܻΪһԵķϲģûϣ
ֻǡ
Եķϲģȴߵ裬벻ģ
뷨ֻڳʦŻ룬ΪҶ˵ǮҳģûǮĻͲʲô
ûûʽĻҶ˵ûôҲôǿװһѣûһܣĶ
ҲΪڽһʦǾݷҶˣͬʱоҶ˵һЩƷǶҶ˵츳һһ϶
ЩҲ˵ڵƺӦҶѾӮˣ
ۣʮӮˣ
ǰû뵽
֧ʮٵģȻĻͰװǮˣ
ţҲ֧ʮٵģӮ˺öǮҳԷˣ
УԷʮֱ˳Է˰


һʱ֮䣬ȫѸٷףԼӮǮȻҲףҶ˵ʤףҶ˲һϲģ
ȻԵģһԺţԺ͵һʥһƴȻôһˮ˭ҲЩˣ
ҲҶ˵һչԼʵ֪ˣϲҲǺǵģ


86 ţ3
찡Сÿζܸ˾ϲʵ۶ҶЦȻ˵ϲҲƺϰˣҲ
ϾҶչֵĽʤκһ˶õ
Ļ֮£ڵ߷ԽԽǿңôҲûԼ䣬һ򵥵ģ޻֮
䣬䣡
ҶˣվסڳŵһʥעʱͻȻ˳ȥҶˣʢŭ֮£ǿĶ
ȫע£һ˱ӣҲ̧ͷ飬͵Ϯһ˵ĺ󱳣
Ҷǰţƺûע⵽ǿĶѹ
ʱе˶Ҫסڣ˺ҶҶҪŵˣ
ĵһʥҲҪֹΪ˱ҶˣΪ˱ԼӣɴԼһ
ȻոһᣬҪϹȥȴ֪üֻٶ׷ϣϣܸϣ
ˣ
ĵһʥˣ˾͸˵ˣǳ˿ķչֻܴš
ܵܣСģ
Ҷˡ
Ҷ߹ˣţҶˣ׷Ҷ˱ȥȻ֪Լ׷ϣôסվס
ﰡʲôҶͷת˵ǿĶԼʱƺڷûκεĶ
׳գͲһ
ҶаȻ֪Ҷ˾㣬ҲһķΧֻҶһģǺż
һͻȻҶ˵ڿпٻڿԻع켣
󣡡
ʦ۾һȷҶڿлʲôһ󣬲Ĺʲôͺѿ϶ˡ
Ϊûг͵û˿֪ʲôֻǲôһ㣬һĲ𣬾Ϳȫͬ
ʱʦǷǳ˷ܣΪʱǲսֱʹսҪԶʤѶȣҲԶȴص㡪

ܿ죬ҶҶõҲ֪ʲôΪʵѾǰЧҲԣ
˶ڵĶ޽ӽҶ˵ʱҶ˵ǰһԲελðĹʡ
Ӵʱ򣬾ֹͣ˽Ų޷ŽߵҶǰһһеĶ赲֮⣡
ڳ˶ǿŵķˣҶ˵ܲܽȫѾһЩʱ䣬ʱ͹ȥˡ
ܿģ˶ķ֣Ҷ˵Ǽ򵥵ĵסڵĶڱס֮󣬱㿪ʼԭķ򷴵ȥȫȫط
ˮ֮
ôܣôԷ߼󷨣˵ˣˮ֮ôôС
ܽħȫȫȥֻһˮ֮һˮ֮Ǻܶ˹ͬŬڳĳ󣬴û˵˿ԵʹõģһǿֶΪ
ˮֱ֮СҲʮףҶ˵ȴ׶
Ⲣ˵С̶ǲܵģֻҪС̶ȵĻǷȥĿǰû˿
УҶ˸ոƺûöʱ䣬ٿ죬ô̵ʱ󣬻Ϊʲô
ûŪ⵽ô£ֻ֪Ҷ˵ˮֳ֮ˣҲȫԵϺţ
ڷԼĶطʱһӴסˣķȴȴӦ
䣡

ڱԼĶУֱͦͦصɻȥײѪֱ磬ͬʱʵʱ򣬷һҽУ
һȫʱûһκηھûзĳԼǿһУ
˭õ
Ҳзϣ
ֻǣȴֵ˿Ҷ˺ƽ˵һ䣬󻹲һ¡
ҽʦȥȾҪˣţοҲǲú

зã仰Ҷû˵ĵģǺˣ˵˵Ļ
ȿȣô˵ҲھȡҶƣҪ֣ող͵ϮҲͲ³
Ļ˭֪ԭҶϲģȻһָߵÿֲţһϲţ
º˽Ǹˮ֮֮󣬴Ҹ϶һ㣬ԭˮ֮Ҷ˸ģֻĳһķֻԷһЩԭʲôԷԾͿٵܶ
ǣҶ˿ԸݲͬʩŲͬ汾ˮ֮ԼǿٸߵʦҲ
ѾķΧĻй۲Ӧֵٶ׼ȷȵȡ
µҶʮ٣


87 㣨1
峿ʱ֣ҶҵС˵ףҲҶ˵СԺӣҲ֪ʲôʱԼԺӹôư֣
ܶ˶ʲô˼Ҷֻǻش˵ûʲô˼һֶѡ
СԺ֮УҶǰ淢ƺ˻趯ˡ
֪ôǲǻǰӦǳ˺ܶ࣬Ҷڳ壬ഺ֮С
ٺ٣椵СͷҲɴˡ
ܵܣЦʲôôЦô֣ҶһţͿҶЦݡ
ûʲôοҾӦòҶҡҡͷȻҶزֻ˵Сȴ˵ز
ʲôҶԻ󣬶֪ҶʲôϾͻὫҶһ߷ɡ
ȻǳԵĴҶһ˵㣬ҽ첻ȥѧԺ첻Ǻ˵𣿡
֪Ϊ˶ЩˣѾ׷ˣڴſڣҪҪǣҶЦʵ
ǣûˣѾǹˣʣµԼоȥҶҡü
֪ҸˣҶȻЦ˵Ҷ˵˽⣬Ȼ֪벻ˣҲϣ˷Լĵܵܡ
㻹ʲôҶʵ
Ҿ㣬𣿡ҶһҶ˵Ц˵
ǴҶ˵ģҶһĻᣬһ㶼Ź˵һǱԼĵܵܣ˵һ̫簮ˣ

˵УҶҶ˵ıӣ΢Ц˵š
û˵аֻ˵ǣûҶű˵黹ġ
⻹࣡Ҷ΢Ц
Ҳûãû֮ǰֻܳ䵱Ľɫ֪ⱲӼ޲޵óȥҪǼ޲ȥҲ鷳ˣҶ˿գЩί˵
ƺûзߵĽ㣬ѾԼĻһ㱬ˡ
飡
ҶݺݵҶһ£ȻŭûѣС쵰ֵãһ˼Ҹߣɻر࣡
ҶഺٰžɫòǿʵŸǿıŮȻǺܶ׷󣬶ȻҲʵġ
ֻǣҶúʵģҶȴôãܻһЩëģֱˣӲҶġ顱޼գ
Ҷ궼ͷֻۣȴ᲻ȥҶˣҲֻˡ
ҶȥѡĻҲһѡҶˣԼİ飡
İ飬ֺܻοЩǴںøн׶εġ
ôǵô£ҶһҲ֪ӣװȫЩˣЩֵһᣡ
ˣúʣԺҪǼ޲ȥͿŰɣߺߣҶ뿪СԺȥѧˣȻٱǰϰԵҶ˵Сһ£ţҶ˵ԶſɰС
޲ȥǾͼ޲ȥˣһǿչһӵģԶñ۸㣬ᣡҶ˴˵ûпǹԼ˽ҶòӦеҸ
ֻһʱ뷨ʱҪԼĽ뿪ԼҪŽϲռҶ겻֣˽޲ȥ
Ҷ仰ƺ˵ԼģѾʧСԺ֮Ҷֻ꣬û뵽ǡ
ס仰Ըˣ֮ҶɰԴ̽˳΢ЦŶҶ˵
ʵոҶ˵Ļ֮һᣬȻкĶ
Ҷ˳Ĭһᣬôͻһ䶼ô⣬
ȻˣŮ˵ĶǺܼģԣԺұ˵ֻ˵һЩĻҳò˫ҶЦ˵
治ҪҶǺֱӸɴ˵
С쵰ʰ㣡Ҷһһ仰ûЧĺݻȻ뿪ˣ뿪ˡ
һ֮󡭡
ܵܡ
һȵؽѵҶһȥǣԲǣҶ˵ķӦܿó
ҿڣҶ˦ͷܽӹţ˵ĺһԼڡ
һ׳գ˭һػġһŮҶ˵Ժ֮УȻֱǰֱž߿Ŷ
СӣҸװڿ㲻Ӧ飬Ҿ֪Ϊʲô죡
ΪʲôҶ˵Դ̽˳ʵܿͷӦԼӦó֣ӦöŶԡ
ץס㣡ŮŹᣬֱץסҶˣ䳶˳
ǸСȻΪʲô
ŮжҶ㣬˵Ļߵ֣˵ȴǷɵͿ
ַ֣ûӦ㻹ȥɣҶŮ֣˵
ֲǺѣΪʲôͲԸӦŮſ֣ܲ˵˵
ѣУ㣬ҰʲôȲ˵ҲԸ⣬˵Ҫȥɣ¾ͲܴӦˡûһɲ˵ģҶеû˵
㣿ûˣŮҶ˵ı㣬ý֮ģҲͲҶЩС֮һ
ң㲢ҶߵĹϵҲ˵Ҷģǹñϵҵġ
λ㵹ͻȻֵģҶţһҶҶһ棬ҲǺҶ˵һ㣡
һΣ˵Ҷ˿ԽСڶʱŮ϶飬ܹҶΪʲôԼһ£Ȼ˳ҲҪҶΪԼһʡ
ֻǣҶ˶һֱȱȱȫԼ㣡
Ѿ˼ѵһĴŮҲܸף̰ҪԼøñôҶǼͬ£
˵һȱ㣬ǾĶͷһİ̺ۣһֱ߷סȻۿۣ
˵̺ۣҶ˶еϵǸʱ˶СҶɵصҴһβ㱻ײܣҺñ㵱ʱڳԼȴһ̺ۡ
֮ܶ²ף
Ҷ˶飬ƺѾǵһɶ
İ̺ϵĻǺȥģ֮ʱħ𣬶а취ʱۼʺܹ죬Щ취ȻЧ
Ҳô֪ĹʣǾǳȻĻָĶκεã
ΪԺ˶СĵĴ˿ںͱԼ²Ĩȥ˺ۣ
˰ҲҶĸ飬ûˣҲһס˰̣ݸ飡
ΪѾǻ֮ȥģ
ҶǲأҲɡ


88 㣨2
ƣգСΧա
Ҷգ֮У
ΪʲôӦҼסһʲôģģץסҶ˵Ķ䣬ٴϾ
֪ңֻ̫Զˣȸ۹Ļʳǣżǧ֮ңҲȥôԶĵطҶ˴˵Ըȥȸ۹ȥ
ߣҰˣԺ󲻶ˣ˵仰ƺвֻ仰ȴƺҲ˵˲ֹһˡ
֪֪ˣѾвٵʱˣȥɣҶڶ䣬ػص
Ĺλʱ򣬶̫ãȻÿһΣÿᳬһ£ƺݲﶺôá
ʲôݣҶȫ֪֪ԼǱʲôģݶֻ֪֪ȸ۹塣
£ûҶ˶˵ʲôҲֻҶ˵һЩ
ô˵ǱӦǲ򵥵ģͿ֪һ
ƺǽΪҶ˵ԸûȥҲòٵϢҶҶǺģģֻ֪š
ҶҶˣ˾͸˵ˣ
Ҫ˵֪Ļյ۹ҲͼˣһֵָֻùҺ⼸ŵ۹ȨƵˣԿ¾ȥ
ʲô۹ȨƵ˭ϻǵȻһ֮
ʵۣ
ǰֹ˺þˣҪ̻ȥˡСɵϣҵûа취𣿡ĵ˵Ҳᣬͬʱһˡ
ÿһﶼ֪һ죬Ҳ֪Լѹֻ̲סԼɵɵĵܵܡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵⣬ʵѣȻ޷ʸı䣬ֱӴϴ
ЩؿҶˡ
˵ֱĥ˰̣ȻٴһƤͿͷǵ˰ȥҶٴν͵
ҪʲôҪʱ䣬۲ۣ˷ܵʵ
Ѿ׼ˣʱͿԸ㶨ߵÿһ㣬ڣ۲ۣҲ֪ˣٺ١Ҷ˲ЦţҪ㡣
žһҶ˵ԴϣزˬǲԶ
ִңҶ˴ʵ
˵أȻˬţȻа취һһͿԸ㶨Ϊʲôڲ˵ÿ춼Ҫ㣡ǲǾˬ
ԭΪΪҶҪ飬˵Ҳȷ˺ܲˬ
ûаڸ׼ҪһϲġУҪǺˣϾˣҪþòܼһˡҶ˵š
⻰֮У˸оƺҲϲ㣬ΪΪ˾Լµǵ̺ۣҲ˰ôȥҲΪҪסһμ䣬һƽƽĽꡣ
һᣬþ֮ſڵ
Сɵϣôˣֻǵ⡭ˣ˵Ҳ㲻ҶҵүֲǡҲô鷳
ᣬҲ͸¶һִ۸ӵĹϵ͸¶Ҷ˵ĸĸһһҲǾ˺ܶನۡ
Ҷ˺ܲ⣬Щһ㶼֪
˵ˣոմˣ㲻ˡûۣḧҶ˸ոձԼĴĵطһʹڵӡ
ʹҶϰˣϲҵͷҶͷͿԳΪͷˡҶҡͷ˵
û˵ֻǾؿԼıܡ
ɵϣһѽҶ§ڻУһСɵϡ
Ҷ˲ˣԼıôˣôͻȻܸжƵģ
Ȼ㲻ףҲûȥŪףΪҲͦġ
ڹ˺ܾúܾ֮˶֪˶ãǷֿˣ
㣬Ҫھ͸Ūһȥ棬ͿԲôɴˡҶڷֿ֮󣬱˵
ȥɣŪˣҲҪɴ΢΢һЦ
Ϊʲô𣿡Ҷ˲ʵ
ʱ˺죡û˵ȻǸ˼⻰ʵ˵ҲмϣǼ˵ġ
ҶһԻ󣬶ʱƺˣֻԼǰûдɴǰʼջš
ҶһʼֱӵĵΪ±˿˰̣Ըɴȫסƺе㲻ԡ
ֻҪ΢װһȫס˰̣һ¶˵òɴ֮¾ǾװεģȻֺαضһأ
Ҷ˻ûףͱųȥˣҲܿ£ˣЩû˺ǲף׵ĻͲȥ룬ѡԵ

Сɵϣ׷㣬û뵽ܻӭ˵ѾҶ˲֪·
û뵽Լ˳棬Ȼľ桪
Ǹʱ򣬵˸ո̤ŵʱ򣬾һȺڸ˴ܳΧм䡣
ʱֱӰν׼Щ˿ΪЩҪԼ˵ģ
ŷ֣ԭЩԼıܣҲΪ˷Ϊ˵ָƷٶóһ㡣
Щ˲ǱˣǱҶߵȺʼʿ
ȻЩֻʿСģ쵼Ѿȥˣ飬Сġ
Ҷüֱ˵ǻȥǵͷͷӦ֪֪㣬ҸøǵѾˣʣµĶǿԼҪеĹؼͲҪʲôˣ
ʮ١
ˣסЩˣңҶ˺ֱӵضԺҶĵʿסֱҶԶ
Ҷû뵽Ÿո뿪Щʿɧţӭɧţеɧţƽ񵽹ɧţ
ʮ٣ʮ٣ҿʮˡ
ʮٰ
죬ʮˣǷһأ
ǰʮ٣߰㻹ûиĹء

Ҷ˱˰ΧˣҲĻ֮£һòƺܳƨر˵̸ǻҪ֪ҵʵֻҵ1%֣о99%Ŭ
Ŭƺе㿿ףҶ棬ȷһֻǡ
99%Ŭò㵽ܵʱһ㣬ܼңҲΪܼңűȱ˶ܶ飬Żнĳɼ
˵ĳɹӦ֣һŬȫǰܼã
û뵽ܼҲһʵİ취ǵһμʶⲻһܾ󣬵ǿǰģҲֻҶʮٲܿĴ棡


89 ʢϯ1
Ȳ˵Ϊʲô˵һǷһ٣첻ڹ㳡˳Է𣿡ҶЩɻʵѲǻһΣ
֮󣬱ǸԳԷԱģͻȻһʱ˵ҪôҶȥһطԣôĳأȻһĵط
һѡǻʹǰĹ㳡Ϊĵطǻʳ֮ǰԲǿеġ
ڶѡǳеĹ㳡ȻطûлʹǰĴ󣬲ȴǾʢĵطҲȽӦĵط
ڿǣһѡĹ㳡ʵ۵ȴһϯˣҲⳡԭһʱĻøӴ棬
ڳڶ࣬ڳʲôײ㶼УҶ߲ܣԵʱھŷʱһԼ뵽棡
ԽԽ࣬㳡Ϊʼ򣬽ֵ֮ҲһΪԹ㳡Ϊ˷
Ҳǹۼ˶Էİæﱸⳡʢ磬һЩΪ׼ϯȻǹ޴󣬵һֵĻǾͻѲ˶ٵʱ䡣
Σ׼ʳģ³ϲˡ
ȫܶԱ
һγʢ磬Ȼȫͬĵزٴ䣬Ҳûе̶ȣⳡҲûʵ۵Ϊ֮̾
ⳡʢ֮УҶ˽׼֣֮ƶ֣֮˹֮֡
ֻǵһ£ȾƣҪģҪ֣
Ƕôѵһ棬˭õĻֻΪһ˴ڣ˭벻ӰˣȻҶܼӣ
ǸʱҶȴ
ҿ˭ҵĲӾƵģӲȾƣ
һƾҶ˵Ϳʼˣźܿͷ𡰾Ʒ衱
㣬Ҫ׸
ģ
ı
С쵰ҵϷ㣡ȥ
ҶһһȭʹȥֻҶ˺ġ㡱˹ȥֱӾ˵Ϻ˯

Ȼ֪СӴӲȾƣҲ֪ǰûкȹƣôҲû뵽һƾ
Ҷ˵ȥ֮Ҷ꣬߹бϲ˵С̣ĹҶ˵ĳȥְ˽ŵؽҶ˷ȷǾ֮󣬱һȥ
ԴˣеοͬʱҲôһ㲻ԼȻֵķݶûУͱ⼸ѾͷֵݶҶ˵Ĺġ
ţȻҶǣҵȻǣһֱҹʱⳡʢδɢȥ

Ȼں淢飬Ҷһ㶼֪ܿ϶һ㣬ǾԼѾͣ
ȻѾˣȺڸأҶ˲һΣ˵ƺе⣬ô˵ԼǷһ٣
ãҺѾ˰ɣûǷǣҶ˱һòƽ͵˵
ʮ٣ˣ˵ǷǷҵġһ֮󣬱̽͵
Ŷ鷳һ£ڹ֣Ҷֱ˵׼űš
𰡣ʮ٣ȻǷǣǷһΰ˵
ǷңҶ˲ˣǵǷԼʲô
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ŶŶô˵ʲôҶȻϲܼңҪԼĻҲοѾ˵õġ
ҪʲôȻͣǵȻҪĶҪʲôˡ
ҪԷķˣҶ붼û룬ֱѿڶУԵĵȻСĶ
ţŶ˵Сǰɣ֪ζ¥³أ֪ΪʲôĶٸ˳ԹԵˣ˵ĳ˫ģ޲ڡһ˿˵ƺС̵ĲеΡ
ƺȫ˶֪СҶ˿ԶǷţȻڵֿɰΪ֮ģͷȫϱ߼ʡ
ΪԼԵģиҵġҶһԾ͵мԵɡ
ܰɣôСôܳôࣿѵ˻ɣЩҶ˳ԵģȻû˵Ҷ˻ԣԸ
ѵʲôڱô࣬Ȼͻ״ҶֱӾͻصˣǲǾȥζ¥⣬á
õģ

ǺһȺ˺ƺƵǰ¥һ·ԽԽ࣬ѶˣֿԳɾһС͵ʢ磬֪¥ܲôˡ
Сڲڣһ¥˾ʵ
ڵģûȥѧԺڳһܸˡС⣬ϻصƺ仰Ѿ˵˲֪ٴΡ
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ȻһܳԵС̵ĲˣȻˣ󲿷ҲԷˣҲΪԲС̵Ĳ˶תأ
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ҶȴûԶ٣ˣ
Ҳͱ˻ʵЩˡ
ô˵ʱС̵Ĳûʵ۵Ǿ̾ѣҲС̳յ˫ףͬʱҲҴһ棡
˵ĻһиһһЦ˵ʮ˵
ֻǡ
仰ѾҽĵNΣϽ֮ǰģѾ㲻ˣÿ˶˵ֻǽȴһСȻ˵ȰǻǲҪ̫ߣĴҲһģԲʧģ
ܶ˶ãԼݵλСһӣֻȴûС̸Ͳô࣬ͲʦģǸԼԵģĲŷ㡣
ԭĵܻļ˾ͷʹΪҪõ󲿷ֲϣⱾҲνҪþãû˻ֹ
õĲϣ󲿷ǱȽϡģǺռһЩϣ
ϻΪЩңһ𣿼ҲԽС̵ĻشԭǿЩϣȻﲻµĳʩֺαܵ
ҵҲŽЩغãȴһδʧˣҲ֪ΪʲôС̶ҳԵر츳ǲ׾ٵҳ
ö֮ǳͷʹҲûκεİ취
ȴͬˣΪС̵룬ǲŮ˫Ļ֮λûʵ޲ڵĳգŴĿ˵ˣڰͲСÿʱÿ̶
ҲΪԭҲС㶫˳ԣСȴȫܣֻ֪ҲȻõĶ뿪ǾεǣСҪĿľֻһǾǡ
ҶóԵģ


90 ʢϯ2
ǰʱСȻϲԣҪȴܼ򵥣ǺʳʳĻҲͲôˡ
ҲΪĳҲͻԽԽֻ߳ΪԽǼ򵥵Ķܷӳһ˵ˮƽ
ͬˣõЩϣҪˣһ˼óԵģûгԹġ
Ȼ˼֤ǣܻ˵ʱ߶š
̫壬Ҷϲԡ
̫̼˲á
ζһ㣬á

㻹֪Ǻ˭һİɣ΢Цţŵ˵Ҳţ˭ֻ֪ҪҶڣҪСˣڼ򵥲顣
˭֪ҶС̵ĹϵȻ£˶ǣҲûиоϢ
˵ĻһỳҶˣȴû˻ȥɣһֵ
ǲСҶ˵ţȴκ˶֪ģҲ֪Сÿ춼ΪҶ׼Եġ
Ҷ˹ֻСһǾǡͷ
˭Сڼţֻǡ
ʱ¥ͻȻڣⲢΪҶ˵˵ĵʱûж˷ǵĴڣֻΪʱ򣬾¥һ첼дһ
ŶոСΪһ̲ˣãֹ󷽵ĻͿԳԵˣС̸ĿڵֻΪⷽ첼רΪС̵Ĳ˶ƵģֻҪĲͻⷽ첼
Ϊ֪˵׼
СΪĲˣһ춼ᳬˣҲʳ͵ķᣡ
ʲ׼Ϊһң
СֱӺûΪ۸̫Ͷ֣Ϊֻ֪ǵ׼ۣյļ۸Ǹ߳ʮпǼٱֹ
׼ۣΪгŵľƵ꣬ȻԳɱ㡭
һң
ֱӾͷһٱûκεԥһ
ϻһҶѣȺ֮УǾţһëƽʱǳһ̲˾ҪۣοڶҪġ
ʮ𣡡
ʮ

ңһٽңһص
Уһ٣ҳȵȡ㡭һٽңȻ࣬Ҳǵ˼ޣڳ˲ΪǣǻǮϷһ
ĲˣҲȷһˣɱһҶ
˵С̵Ĳ˺óԣҲ񵽲ۣˣǾȫǲͬˣ
ʲôģôˣ㲻ĻǾһߵȻеָո˵ķӦȴûᣬҪۡ
ҳﰡҪ۾ͳ۰ʲôҪ۵ʱȴ֮ǰסˡ
ȿոճ۵˭
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ҿôСӣǳԲС̵Ĳˣ
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ҷʱƺʼ۷׷ף²Ÿԭ򣬶Ҳܸɴȫ˾ۣû˺͡
ǱˣҶˣǿеʮ٣
ʮ٣ÿ춼ڳС̵ķˣ㻹Ǯʲô˺ε˵
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ھ͸СˣС˵תҪߡ
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汿ʮÿ춼СĲˣȻҪζС³ʲô
С룬ܶ˶Ҷÿ춼ܳԵС̵ĲˣȻҪСصظˣζҲǺõģ
ֻǣȻ㶼ˣΪʲôҪǵĲˣ
СˣᣡֻбЦ˵һһʱЩĻ
Բ˳ԲˡҶû㣬ӼвˣζسʲñҪԵ̲˵ˣ۲ˡ
Ҳ˵ô棬һܺóԡҲ꣬һ¡
óԣȷ˼ζ޵ƺڳЩ⡣
ţҶûв⣬ֻǵͷŶ
ԣ㼱ӣû˺óһ˿ΪҶ˲ϲСճĽ֭΢Ц˵
ԺҴԸóԵģ
óԵģǲ˵Ů˵˭Ļ˵
ҲǣܺʮһˣôͨˣҲԹõģϾĿǰΪС̵ĳգµһ
ٴһ֪ˣ⼸ڴҵĿУһǹС̣ȴͨܽӴˣǴ˵е翣
С̣ǿԽӴģѪڵˣ
ܿ죬Ҷף֮ԶС̵ԭģԭ򲢲Ϊ㣬ΪС̱
ֻС̴˳һͷȥû˴кΪЩҪЩʲô
ȻǺҪʲôһ鷳ˣҲϲˣȴµʱ䣬͡
С㣬Ҫ𣿡
ţѾŪˣټС̻ص
СС㣬ܸܲҲһ̲ˣ
˼Ҳ˳ˣҸʱ䣬ǿԽĲˣҲġС̺ǫ˵ͷˣƺϤˡ
㲻˳ˣܸû˰ɡҶһˣҪմһ⣬Ҷ˸̧
ֻǣС̲ûзҶ˵ĴڣΪЩĵˣΪԵõչ˵ģûпҶǱߡ
˼Ҹʱ䣡С̼ӿŲš
СС㣬㿴˵˳Цغ
ŶҿˣС̿һֻۣǸʱҶڵͷŶƺûϳš
ģ˴ţ
ͲܲӣֱӺ˵ʮˣһᣬҷӦ֮󣬾̶Ǹŭ
ǰֱ˵ĻС̰ٷְپ˸ҶŪ˳ԡ
ʲôСϲˣ̲˶ˣҶȫûз飬ֻǴһϲ˵ٶȣȻͷԲˡ

ҲûƢǶ֪ʮٵԸ񡭡
ˣ˵ɡ


91 λ1
ҷʱͻȻת䣬ѾȥС̣ͻȻ۷Ҷڵĵطȥ
Ҷ˵ǰҶ˵ͷŶԣѾҶ˵Ĵڣǲ֪ôֵġ
ҶˣڳʲôС̻еߣҶ֪ԼҲ˵һԼĻͲ֪Լߡ
ֻҶ˳ŵĶЩ߶ʱһߣԵĶ
ڳĶҶ˺ʵػش

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ҶҡҡͷȻ˵û˵Ķζģÿ춼ڳԣϤء
죬˵С߷ߵ
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ţңһûأҶȥץ
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óԣС̽ӻ
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ǺǣúãС̰ɣ飬ĺƯС˻е㱾£һʼעģȻС̵òģŮ˵ԡ
ǰģܻ˴һС̵ͷ˵Ҷһ־ζ
ҲܺãԺǵöչչɵܵܡ΢΢һЦôһ
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չһҲãҡЦ˵
С̳ĬһᣬҶȫ⣬̸۵ò
ˣһ£ոյ̶ôôķֱ𡣡ʵ
ģЩʣģ㳴ģǸҶ˳ԵġС˵һ˶յش𰸡
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ҲΪԵҶ˳Լ̶ֹ˵ʲôҲҶ˲ܳʳ
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ûҶһʼѾֱһֻС㳴ģȴһԣҲ
ԳԵķҲǺֻܽҪܳԵĶܳȥȻС̰ñȽϵһ㣬ϾЩҲҲĽܷΧ֮ڣȻκ顣
ңһ˵С̲˺ʧܣѳԣҲȥȻֱ˵С̣˵ûˮƽһǻὫĲ˳ꡣ
һСҲ֪ģÿһҶĻжежţֻһѣԼ˵ģ
Ϊ֪һ㣬Խĵһ£ǰ̶꣬Ҷ˾Ͳż̶
Ҷ˿һС̣ƺһЩܿͷԲˣȥС̣СҲһͬʼԶһҶ
ιιǸҧˣ㻹ԡҶ˺
ߣΪʲôԣÿζô޳ܣҲҧһڣҲҧһڣҪԼ̡С̻صֲǵһˣҶ̫޳ˡ
ҪþˣҪ¿ˮҶ˲Ц뵽һһԼĿˮȻ˾Ͳٸˡ
һУҶҲֻ˵˵ѣΪʵ̫Ǹˣܲˡ
ңСŭҪĻҾͲԣ
УѾǩԼˣһӶҪҶһм˵
ߣҪԼ
±˵

ڳԱ֮ҶŮͿʼȥɢ֣˦
һ֮Ҷ˾С̻ؼңԼҲ׼ؼңĥĥƤͷİ̺Ūû
ڷֵʱС̻ûŵʱͻȻһ¡
Ҷˣ׼ûУ
ʲôҶһ㶼֪ôһ¡
Сû˵Ҿ֪ͲܹһѧԺ飡ɣεΪĴ׼
ʲô
ʲôǰɣѽ治֪ô˵źãʮһεѧԺС˵
˵һ֪ⳡҪԡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҿͺ򵥵˵һ£ⳡѧԺһͲˡʵڵĴΪעĻǣڴ֮ϣжſĳ֣ǽδ½ĺ
ںЩ½֣а˳ɶڴչ¶ֽŵģҲΪڴѧԺ֮⣬и˵ϸֳۺʵ߰ħֻҪڰǰˣΪҹעĶҲΪ֮Ķ󣡡
Ŷİֻйϵ𣿡Ҷ˺ܲʵ
ǰҶ˵йϵҪΪҹעĶԸΪĺ
ţ˭֪ЩǷ񶨵ģ


92 λ2
ôûϵȡóɼĻԺڵ۹ĵλͻˮǴߣǸʱҲ㣡С̼˵ҪҶһ㣬ҪΪȨģ˼ĸҪŸ˵ʵո¶
ֻǣҶ˶ǺȤԣɵ˵һ䣺ںߣҲû˸ңţ㿴š
֮Ҷ˱ȥ
Ȼû㣬ǸֻһСûһҶˣȻ˵С̵ǲȥμһ£ȡһЩɼǰ;
ҡȥҶһһ˵̬ȺǼ
Ϊʲôǲ鷳ʵܺģڰ۹ʥǣǸɲ⿪ŵĵطС̿ʼЩҶˣΪ֪飬ƺסҶˡ
ʥǣǴ̵ķԴأڽ͢ڵأҶ˶ЩԵĶǱȽġ
ţһ˳ʥӣûлȥġ㲻˵ԼһҪ棬һܺõĻ𣿡С˵
ҲǡҶ˵ͷ˵һ仰ֻǸʱȻŵĻǾҲҲһܽȥ
С̳ĬһᣬﰵôԺһ£ǸԺʱԺþʱ򲻾
ţ뷨Ҷ˵뷨
һģʱ˵Ϊ̫࣬ͻƽġС˵Ȼ֪ɺǣǿҪ˵һ¡
Ʊ˶ѣҶʮ٣ôܻᱻơҶһм˵
ͲΪԼǰ;һ£ѵҪÿȥܼӣһһ죬ұܹأСЩ΢ŭҶ˵ĲֻûԼΪʲôҪΪ
ܹˣҵĿľʹﵽˡҶ˲ʹ˵
㡭㡭ǲɾҩСΪ֮ᡣ
㻹ǿȥһҪҶ˻ӻ֣ҪС̸Ͻȥ
ߣСһţһŤؽˡ
㣬ǻؼˣŪŪҶȫС̵㵭Ȼ˵
С˰ʵСǹ㣬㲻ӦЩп˵
֪ĲϲЩ鷳Ͳ˵ˣܶ໵Ҷһߣһ˵
ûʲôɡ㲻ǺʵҶ˽Ļ⣬Ļǡܵʲôˡ
ǾҵݵλԼ߱һʵͿȨϺ绽ֻ꣬ǣȨǺô𣿡Ҷ˵˵
ڳ˼
Ҳˣ˵ģһɵϣ᷸ԺЩ˵λãûҶ˰ڰ֣΢Ц˵
Ҿ㻹Ǽ״ûϵҶұܹˣһ㡣Ĭһ󣬾͸ı֮ǰĿϱ֧Ҷ˵İܼҡ
˵ģʱ𷴻ˣҶҲԵģͻȻþץס仰ˡ
һҶˣȻ˵УȻҵĻһʮӽҲֻǣʱͲһǮÿ㻨һǧһҰɣ
һǧԱ˵ƺоеˣߵһ
Ⲣ˵㲻֪һǧҵļֵͨ˵ƴʮҲδ׬Ǯ֪ȴȻ̫ˣҶˡ
㡭Ҷ˫ˮؿű㡣
ôˣǲǺܸжЦ˵
ţ㣬Ұ㡭Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ޣС仰˵ҪϲˣЦ˵ɴµƺҲе΢΢졣
ȻᱻСϷˡ
㣬ֵֺܶģǶ˵İ㲻ҪĻҾͲˣֻǸʵϽ㡣
ҪԣԺǵҪǸʽһҡ


СҶűӣеɻ󣬡ѵðˣ

ҹҹҶҵҲҹһţ˵ġ
Ҷ˵ֻҪĳ˲ڵĻ϶ƽȻų
ҶأڳʱҶʴҵ
ʱҶҴԷкüʮˣΧ߰ŴӣҲÿֵҶһ򱣳ĴͳһһԷ
ҶҼҴҵһ˾Ǽʮˣ
㼸ʮڳҶҵ˻һ۾ͿҶ˲ڳȻҶ˾ȱϯⲢͲʡ
ͬʱʱҶҲڳֻҶ˲ûȥʣΪ֪ҶһǺҶһ
ڰ㣬Ҫݣ˵ʲôĥƤߣС˵ͲŪһ£еԹ˵
Ŷǲ˵ҪߣҶڵõ֮󣬾˳һ¡
ǵģСɲȥѧҶЦŻشƺҶ˲ȥѧѾϰΪƺҲԡ
ŶǼԷҶ˵

Ҷ˵С˵֮У˹ţڷһЩ飬ѵǡ
ȿȣˣ˿ǽܣҾԲЩΥ׳飬ֻѵɴ
ɴȡ£ҿ֮£һĿĵĳ˰̣ڳҶ˸еڴҶǾÿ
ڹһ֮Ҷ˾óһСԲʵСȻŪ˼¡
ʱҶ㶼Բʡһߣڵ֮󣬾Ȼܽʯͷս
Ҷ˵˼ƺҪ⡰ԲʡԱơ
ܵܣваҪǰѱˣʱ군ˡҶһЩɵʵ
ĺˣոֻǵԣѾˣҶ˲˵
Ŷ԰㲻˵ҪĥƤôҪҶͻȻҶ֮ǰĻĥƤӦùĥĥȥĥ˰̡
ĥƤĥƤҪЩĥĹߴ̼Чһ㣬ȥ̣ףƤϸ𪡭Ҷڻصȴ֪仰ڳŮжջ
ģ˳ŪŪҵ塭˵
ҵģ㣬ƤˣҵıȽϲܵܣգҶ꿪Ȩ
С갡Ƥ˵ϹƤĻ¾ûкõġӨ͸һҲ֪ǲǱԵ˶ġ̷˵ҲʵҶƤǺõó棬˳ҡ
ҲǣǰҲģԽԽá룬ҲǵܵܵԭһЩֵĶҶ꿴ҶˣԼĲ²Ǻܿ϶ȴа˳ɵİա
𣿡ҶһҲ֪ӣⲢװģõĶ̫࣬ԼҲ㲻嵽ûЧ


93 Σ1
ȲЩ㲻ҪľŹģ̶ûȥҪʲôġҶ˺ֱӵ˵
ŪЩ˼Ц˵
ˣűˣʱȽϾã۵Ļҿ˯ȥҶ˵
㶼ۣôۡҡҡͷЦ˵
ŶǾɺÿʼ
ҶСΪĥƤ۾һûҶ꣬Ҳûȥ˯һ߿š
ʱһȥͷϵİ̺ԽԽ
ҹ
ˣҺ˯ˡҶŪ֮󣬾ֱһ˯˵һ䡣
ҶĬһᣬӶЦȻһ

ôôŮʵƺһ˿ԹҲһ˿ϲ
ΪұĥһƤԺͿŪˡ
Ŷ

ˣôоϺأʲôѹţҶʱ˵һԼĸܡ
ûжŮֻǿ˿ҶˣȻ˵
ҲǴҶ˽оԺȻͼ졣
峿ҶʱԼĸܲǴĸоԼڵȷǺأ
Ϊʲôأ
ŮѹԼ˯ĻǾһҲĸܣ
㣬㣬Ƕأ֪ԼأҪѹ˯Ҷ˺ֱӵؽ˸ѣһҲضԴǣǶ˯һ֮ġ
ȥأҶ̸һӦȻĵ˵þûкһ˯ˣСûĵģ˶Ҫˡ
ϻҾҪˣҪҶ˺ʵҲܲ˵
飡شҶ˵ģȻҶСȭֻ˫Ŀŭݺݵ˵ҲҪҿԺȢˣ
ȢͲȢ㰡Ҷֱӻصֻƺе⡣
ȢŵĻǲǴҪ㣿ͲڷǴӦ
Сˣˣ᲻һˣԺҸţԲҪ㣡Ҷ簮˵
Ŷ֪ˡҶӦһ
ʱ˿ʼˣǱǱı㡪
ιιǲ̫һ㣬ҪˣȴһҲûаҷϣ
˭˵ģڶѹϣܲ𣿡Ҷ˷ʵ

ˣ׼׼ȻֱˡҶ˵ÿζһһġ
Ҷ˵ı㣬ǰҪߵʱҲϹüΣ˵ýߵģӲϵ죬죬һʮ֮á
С쵰ҽ˰̣ҲѧҶֱ꣬һȭҶˣԳ
ˡҶ˶˹ȥȻһӾ棬ʧŮǰ

ʱ֣Ҷſھۼ˲ٵˣҶ򸾣ȻҶܣǶҶ˱뿪ġ
̸С꣬ˣСˣǵҪȸңӦҵġߵʱ򣬱㻹صҶһ䡣
ֻΪҶ֮ǰ˵ˣԼᵽҹһ£Ҳȥȸ۹ҪҶȻֱӺǸҲ
֪ˣ憪£߰ɣҶǸϲӬһҪԼıߣȻǳˡᷳ
С쵰ˣסͺáεҡҡͷȻת׼ϳֻϳʱͻȻͣ
תͷҶˣ˵Сˣ˵ĸ質òܲܳһ׸㣬ͱ𡣡
Ҷ˿ű㣬һ֮еڴ֮Убĳ֡
̸
ε
ˤҲ㵹أСҲ̫Ƕˣ˼㳪׸ѣȻܾˡ
ߣҼסˣҧҧһ仰ݻȻ
ţһġҶ˵ͷص
ȥдһŭһ˳ҶϮƺǱŭĴ
ʲôҶӵǶһ£ⶫƺƣΪһİܼӣһ۾ֵܿơ
ˣϣӦóӵĲŶԣ
֮ϣҶ֣Ըӿ϶ⲻġ
ҵҲֻãԺȸңסˣͷ̽˳⡣
㡭

𣿡
ȥ
ǺǣЦģҲһţҶӳһСƿ
ʲôӵ֮Щɻʵ
յÿһţҪԶˡҶ˻شʲôŲٶˡ
С쵰ûа㡣Ц˵ܿ죬ЦûˣΪҶ˻˵һ仰
ʹˣҪЩһ£Ȼͼ޲ȥˡ


Ҷ˰ѱˣûüףͱĸĸȥѵˣȻѵԱ̬ȣ㶼⣬ôѵԼıӡ
ӣĲȥμ𣿡Ҷʵ
˵Ҷȥ飬ΪҶ˾ܾμ˾úǳ
ӳÿĸҪģǰҶ˵Ǿþͨ˾㹻ˣҶչֳĲܣǾӳҪ
εĴһܺõĻᣬǾҶбҪȥμӣ
μӣ˵˺ܶˣҪˣҲҪ˵ˣǲıġˣһȥ꿪ʼҪȥˣҶ˷֮˳˵һ仰
ҪȥĻѵͲ˳ȥμһ£ֻҪ߹ͿԣҪõһЩɼҲǺѵġҶ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ֻ˵ҲҲǸʱڱĵطǾûˣû˳㣬Ҿ˳㣬Ҳȥ
ȥȵȣѵ˵ȥ治ǵȥǱߣǵܣҶ췴Ӧʵ
ţ׼꿪ʼɳ֮󣬾͵ߣͼƻˡҶ˵ͷ˵
Уڳ̷ԣǿҵļԡ
ǲҪСӣ˳ˣѾǴˣж־ķҳȥһ£ҲбҪģҶ˵
˵ĻǷģĻôĵ£㾭һЩɵ£Ҷֱӵ˵
ЩСʱˣɵ£Ҷ̾ͻص
û㲻Ҫˣ֮ǰ˭߹޹ըˣ˭嵽ʿıϣЩ͵ķ㱻Ե˭
ͣͣЩѣ˵ˣҲǶ𣿡ҶȻûбļ֡
һ㡭Ҷееһ裬Ůڻʵ۵˶˵ҶŮĹϵĸӹϵȻôƫ̻


94 Σ2
ô˵Ҫȥ䣬һȥ˭ңҶһ˸ӷԵ˵
һˣԣԲԣ붼룡
ǣʱһߣ˭ҲסҶ˺ɵ˵

仰˶ʱ˭ţֻҪҶҪߣҲסҶ˵ĶʧѾܺõ֤
ðɣͬߣҪʱ̺ϵ
ҲֻεĴӦٿԵõϢǲԼߵģǱ˸߶֪
û⣬ҼǵõĻҶ˵ͷӦֻӦƺûдӦ˶١


ӣһطȥͻȻҶ˵һ뷨ҶһȥǸط
岿䣡Ҷ˻ش
Ҿ֪ȥҪȥĻ椡ȻǲϣСӻϲǸ̩š

Ҷˣһ
ãң˭Ҹ˭Ҷ˺ܻػһ䣬⼸ѾʸˣԵʱ붼ûȥ룬ֱӷˡ
˵֮Сһ
ҶûؿСʵ
Сָָǰ棬ʾҶȿ
Ҷ˿̨֮ϵŮʦƸǶȫҵ˶ؿҶˡ
Щ¶񡪡ţ㶼Ҷײ
Щ¶񡪡ˣ

ڽ֮УϿΣҶ˵ĲǱˣǰŮʦҲ˵Ҷǵôѧ棬ֱǡŮʦ
㣡ҳȥŮʦҧݺݵ˵
Բ⼸챻ŪˣһҪ˵һ㣬ҲμҶ˶ŮʦʾǸ֮һȷԼ˳ȥ
Ůʦû˵СԭҪȥ뻹ˣҶ˾᷸Ժʦгȥվ
˻ҶӣŮʦȴѧһͬʣΪݵλĲ𣬶ĶԴ
Ҷ߳ȥ֮ŮʦͼΣܱԼΪãҪԳͷأȴˡ
ߣҲˣ
Ҷˣ߳ȥ֮վһᣬ뵽һطǾ̶ȥǸط
ͼݣ
ѧģҶ˹Ŀסе飬ٿһҲµᣬ鲢ǹ⿿Ϳԡ
Ҷ˿ȻҲȤĿԵ޹ȥЩģ޼ֵ鼮
ڣҪȥһЩοҪΪóüƻ
ʵĻҶ˻ᵽŻ׼Ĵ֮ſʼȻҲûжٸı䡣
ҪɳȻٹģȻٶʱȥߣ
ߣζѣνðգȥĶΣյ飬ֻ뵽ȥǮһ£ЩΣյ»Щרҵ
Ҫ˽һ£ĸط棬ߴԵĵطЩǰֱӺԹȥˣȻΪûʱ俴
ʮ٣ֱʦϳ𣿡ͼݣҶ˾һˣͼˣһҶµꡣ
ţҲ𣿡Ҷ˵ͷȻھһ䡣
ǣԼҪġԺ˵
ò˵ܼҪ󡭡Ҷ˺ܲ˵
˴˱˴ˡĲػػ
ȥŶˣ֪֪ڴ½ĵҶ˱˵ȥͻȻˣͼȨʿԱҲû˽顣
꼸ͼݣżٶڣԻ֮ΪԺְλ׼ʲôְλȥ֪ˣ
ĵģҪʲôǲҪȥѧ˼ðմϾͲ²Ҷ˵˼
¶һ룬ҪȥһأȥðգҶЦ˵
꿴˿ҶˣȻɵʵѵ˵ûܼңҪĿ۵½
ţǱͼݵĵһңһ¾ͲˡҶ˵
Һ˵˶ٱˣǱͼݣǵ۹ȫ½δĵһңԺ˵ţ˵ռĿꡣ
ԼҲ˵δھǱͼݵĶѡϻˣңЩҶĻ
ƣһģ
ģ
Ǳߡ
лл

Ҷ˺ܿҵԼҪ鼮һֻ߰˵ͼݵİ
ʱҶƺûзԼǰ滹һˣӦ˵ϰһ飬˴˶ԷҲûǰ˭
ʱͻȻоһɺ۹⣬еɱĸо̧ͷ
Ҷ˳ĬһᣬȻͷ顣
žǰеƺΪֶһ£һʱȣ
Ҷ˼ͷ飬ûᡣ
ߣҶˣһڵġ˲ûгֻﰵؽţȻҶ˵ǰе顣
˿⻭Ļͻú֣Ϊʲô˻һ飬ǿǻԹ
벻֪ˣһǲںһǲʾ
˲ǱˣǱҶһƻҸɳѾٳڿ֮ϣȫȫоƺҪһУ֮Уֻһ
Ҳźֲܿ츳ǰȻѧԺѧϰ˼ȴǰٷְٷ棬˵ֻĳɵ˼һ˼У츳Ҳչֳˡ
ҲΪоԭ򣬲츳֮ܶԺķչûĳ˵Ĵڣܿܽĵһˡ
ЩԺҶ֪Ҳô⣬ڵ͸ںˡ
Դ֮󣬽żֻҪҶ˳ͼݣ֮ǰͻɳӭĵȻǺܲƵĿ⡣
в𣿼ȻôңǸÿ춼һ𣿡Ҷڵεʱ򣬾ֱӿʵ
²һɺϣڶҲǿɺϣǾ;Բɺˣ
Ҫ㣡ɳǴʡ
˵ɶأҶ˲ס
Ҫܣɳҧ˵
Ŷ㣡ֻҪһ㣬ҡǺģܳΪ۹ĵһʿǾͲҪ˷ҵʱ䣡Ҷ˺ܿ͹ۺܳʵ˵ǱΪһָ߰ı֡
һģǵ۹һΪ½һɳҧͷ䡣
һôͼݵˣȫңҶ˿Ǹ꣬Ȼе̾˵
Ҷˣһģ˼ͬʱ˵
ʱ˵ǾͱˡҶڶ䣬ܲ˵
ߣͬ



95 ٣1
㶨꿴ܲһ𡣡ھоҶڶԼ·ߣ·ͼὫ½ֵĵطȥ飬ȻģʱҲǺܳܳģԳҵ
Ҷ˵ݼƻҪ·ߣҪʱ䣬⻹·̶ѣЩʱ䡣
ǲ̫Ǹɶǲǹһ㣿
Ȼ֣Ҷҵ֪һὫҶ˵ļƻȡ˵ÿһʱؼһˣȻټó̡
ֻĻҶ˵·ͼûˣǵʱӦյ۹Ϊĵ·߲С
ʱ˵ˣҶ˶ܣҲֻܼвУ
ΪˣҶ˾ݼƻʱǲҪ֪նá
ܵܣҶͻȻҶ˵
ʲô£Ҷ˻æؽ·ͼָΪԼ˼ˡ
ڲʲôҶɻʵ
ûûʲôҶ˴ſڣװһûʲôӣһ;⡣
ƭңһƨɣҾ֪Ҫʲô㻹ҪƭңҶŭ˵
𣿡ҶɻؿҶ꣬Ȼһƨɣ
СӸòǡ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡Ҷʵ
ǲƨˣҪᣡҶݺݵһҶ˾ŵƨɡ
ȻѣҪܣŲƤҶ˴Ц˵ƺܵ⣬ԼĽûв¶Լ˼
ҶеͷʹԼĵַܵɵˡ
㲻˽⣬ҴˣڶѾ˼˵ˡ
ԣҪӣ
Ҷ˵ǻ֮ѾǰȾܣѾͼݵſڣ
С쵰վסҶһ׷һߺ
ҪץסҪȥε顣Ҷ˻غ⻰ֱǣĸݡС
Ѿ֪ˣ㲻ˡҶĬһᣬȻͣˣȻݵЦ
ô֪Ҫȥü겻ؼңҶҲͣȻʵ

֪Ѿ֪ˣС쵰㾹Ȼȥ겻ؼңҶץסҶ˵죬ŭ
Ҫȥ𣬵ȻҪʹ죬ˣһдŻģò𣬽㡭ҶһӣڰԼҶԭĻʧ
ԣӦһȥҶݺģԭ⡣
ŲҪ춼ֵ飬һ鷳ҶһܾҲԭ⣬СʱӰٻҶһ֣Ҫ˵һˡ
㻹ǵǼ£ˣǸСʱ飬ڽ㲻ˡ˵ˣҪڵҲʺˡҶҶ˵֣Ц˵
Ҳ㣡Ҷ˺ܸɴ˵

ߣ㲻ӦҾ;ߣˣҾȫ½˶ȥ㣬Ҳ治ɣҶɵۣв
ðɣʱ䣬Ҿһһʱ䡣ҶҲ㣬֪ʲô¶ó
ףôû뵽ǲؼңҿʱ㣬һ档ˣҶ΢Ц˵
Ϊ㱿Ҷ˵
飡ҶһȭҶ˵ͷϡ

˵ұ㣬һӶ˵һҶҶ˵˵
ΪʲôԣҶʵ
Ϊ㣡

ɣܺúǿ󣡣
㣬ոʲô£ʱͼҵġҶͻȻҶеĪ
ˣ㶼ˡСߺҶ㣬ϺһȽѰ죬Ҫȥһ¡ҶԴ˵
ңȥҶеͷʹʵ۶ý飬Լȥʲôһͷۣ鷳
ң֮Ժ᲻أпܡ
㲻£˵ˣҪҸ±Ѱ졣ƭǵĻǾֱ˺ˡҶ˵˽ҶˣҲ֪ҶЩʲô
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ĻǾһ˰ɡǸСأ
ùԼȥġҶܸɴ˵Ҷˡ
˵Ȼǲ˭ҵҶˣȶԷҲ˵Ҫ߹ҵҶˣҲܸɴĴҶˣҶꡣ
ŶҶ˾ˡ
ߣҶ꣬ҵţ߹ϵͼݣҶѾߵʱ򣬶˶ţȻʹ׷ϣϣ׷ϡ
ʹ֮У鷿֮УʵҶ飬ڳˣֻˣȫǻʵεˣȻҶ˵ĸҶ졣
ϣǵ𣿡Ҷ֮üͷһ䡣
ţǶ棬ֻʣʵ۵ͷ˵
ʲôģѾ֪ˣǾ͸ɴһ㣬ʲôأҶ˵
㲻мǣٵ飬Ҳֻǰʽ֪ģҲôڲȥһʵ۶Ҷ˵Ҳȥмԭ
Ϊ˵Ҷ˽Щ鷳Ҳ޹ؽҪģҪȥ֪
ȻӦҸˣΪʲôҡҶ˲ܱģֻһ㡣
ΪĻиĽͣڲ֮Ӵ£ֿܻȥ£Ҳв׷µɡʵЦ˵
ЩεˣȻûһǺöҶ˺ʵֱӵ˵Լĵ뷨ûʵ۵˱ҭùǺ

ȿȣڿȥˣôֻҪͿԡʵ۸ɿȼ󣬾Ҷ뿪
֪ˣξˣԺ飬ͲҪˣȻҲӣҶ˺ţƵ˵ûһ֮ʶ
ˣ˭СǴүȥɡ
ܵܣǽʲôҶһ鷿Ҷ߹ΧһֱغţֻΪʵ۵˵ǿһȴһ
ҷһЩˣɱһЩˣһЩˣ鵹Ǻܼ򵥡ҶʼȻ˵
ɱˣУôȥ飬ϰҲǵģΪʲô飡Ҷ߹ͬʱ˵ͬĻǵϰֵȻָǲͬˣڶڷˡ
ֲɱˣǶģɱģֻмҲеǣڣԣҵ᲻һʱ䣬ҲʲôˡҶƽ˵
ǾͱñȥˡҶ˵
ǼȻˣǾӦòбʺˡҶҡҡͷ˵ʵ֮ûѣԼõѡ
ԲʲôʲôҶţҶ껤Ҷˣ飬Ϊе
ҶҶ˵İһӶ仯İ


96 ٣2
£ϰּȻҲͬˣҲʾһѴΪŮģΪҲӦõġҶҡҡͷһҪԭ
˵ҲǣҲüȥѣҲƽ顣Ҷ߹ͬ뷨ǿʳɱ뱻ɱÿʱÿ̶ڷҲͱľˡ
ʱƺ֣Ҷ˵ԼΪ£ûκε
Ҳ͸һУҲûзӦ
ȻҲҪˣϾⲢһʲô¡Ҷ˰ڰ֣һǰ
Ҫһ𣡡Ҷ߹Ҫȥ׷ʱȴסˡ
סǵҲǱˣǵĸף
ϰ֣ߣǲǺˣȥɱˡҶ߹ԹڸԵĸϡ
ҲȥɱˣֻϷĻУϾҶҵˣӴЩҲҪŪþˣȻԺָôȥҶ쿴Զ˵

Ҷ߹һ㣬ԭǽҶȥ£Ҳһ⣬ǵľҶʵѡĻǳڶҶ˵һֹģһ
ֻǣҶҪԼ
ɡ
˵ôãǵҪȥʲô߹ʵǵڻǲ֪⵽ʲô顣
Ӧ֪۹ڿƽûսͻֻһʵһֱžϵĦ߾Сģս֮ļҲһֱܻԾʵۿڽͣ˵һĻ
ţҶ˵ͷ
飬ҲһֱǸ֮乫ܣе֪һЩڣȴĬǽлʵۼ
ҪǵõϢɣ߹²
ţûֻҪõõٻ飬Ҳܻɺ£ʵ۵ͷ߹Ļ⡣
һֱҶһ쳣ĳʼƵƺʲôڽСʵü˵
߹ûʲô£Ϊ֪ЩʼնûвμӹЩ֮У
ǻ㲻ǵĿʲôΪЩֻ֪Ҫʲôȴ֪ĿʲôԿ϶ǣͬһĿģʵ۽˵ȻǵĿʲôʲôһ¶ԸǣǿԽ£Լĺϵ
Ҳ¶ţ
ɱһֹּһˣȴһЩ˸ȱķˣ֪յ۹ƣҲЩ˿ʼ¼ɡ
ǻʵ۵˵ĿģûиҶҪɱ˭˭˭ֻΪЩģȫȫ
ԭǾ𣿡߹ЩǵʵҶ˲ģ鷳
ȻǣҪȥǼҶ˵׻ôȥʵҡҡͷȻǾҶʵѡǾͻҶȥ
ֻΪҶ˾һЩ飬鿪ʼ벻ı仯仯Ȼ˵кõģĻǻ
ʹһ⿴ƺܹûʵӣȴһֲܿĴڣǻʹܷ˵ĵطƹ̾ҲӦоС
Ҷ˽ʱ򣬷õĻǲӣͻʹĹܸ࣬ɾ롣
ãһ븽⣬ûĶͺǰһ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱӳΨһӹȥ棬Ȼ֪ķ壬صһ桪
ž
߾˷ã

Сӻİﵱţֻ˭֪ʲô˼ǴؿﰵҶʮǲַɵ˰ɣ
ȻˣһöҶ˵˼׼
ԣ
ʮ٣Ҫʲôˣôп棿ֵԱܿͷӦʮٿɲԼ˾ɲܡ
ЩˣȻ֪ʵ۵˵İţ֪Ļǲ͵ڰˡ
ʱһ֮עǣϣҶ˲ҪǸոսĶ
֮ǰҶǾ仰̼ˣǸҶ˸ôʼ
棬㿴Һæģûյ棬˸ҴǻϵͣȫȨҶ˴һ͡
ιιʲôʱ͵ģʵЩ֣ոսĽһƣ飬ôҶʱе
ʮ٣ûֵ֡Այհ׵ǵһμŵȴ˵ġ
ⶫһŲֽҲģ
ֻǣȸȻдݵƺܰɣ
ѵ˵϶˾ԵΣһΥϵ飿
ҶʮٵȷܵûϵϲԺٵһ㡣
Ų֪ŪģʵҪЩ˵һ󺰡
ŶûдȥˣȵȣҶ׼дȴ벻дʲôôд
ɴûдЩ
ˣд
Ҷ˵Ļʥּ٣
СҲ̫쵰ˣͶдʵΪ֮ں֪Ҷ͵Ūġ
ãǸ˵һ㣬С飬޹أ
˰ɣҰ˷ٸүһ裬Ūһ㡣Ҷ˽ȷڰ֮ϣŵ΢΢б⡣

ŸˣⲻĶȥҶ˺ֱӵغˣһӵ룬ոջԥĵֵԱˡ
ЩĲͬͣҶ˵£ȻҶ˵ģѡȫš
ô泪裬ͣ˵ˣѯʴʽʱҶһķ

پһ֮Ҷڿʼˡ
һʮˣʶҶ˿˿е㲻Եˣǿ϶ܹѶ
ԩʮ٣ǿɶԩģҶˣЩƺϣǼ
Ƕʶң
ϻڻʳǻĻ˭ʶ㣬ͨҲ֪οǻǼ
ҲΪǾҶ˻пܷԼΪǱĴԼлᡣ
ʶϲʮ٣Ƕ֪լʺһĺˡЩǺûƪ
ٵĻס𣿵ʲôˣ
Ҷ˺ǲмĿһЩˣȻͿ˵һ䡪
Ǹܺã˵ҡ

ڳĬһ֮Щ̿ʼ˵Ҷ˵ĺãЩȱ㶼˵ŵ㣬ҶԼ˵˻Լ


97 ʣ1
㶼졭ڰ￴ŵһȺˣеΪҶ죬ҶȻֵĺˬϲ
ܺãǶӦöʶİɣҶʵ
Ƕʶûм棡ʮҡͷϡ
žҶ˵ľľһģ˶һ¡
ҽƱ磡ʶôᱻһץȥһƨһģҶӲǽЩ˵ʶģԩˣı췴
ԩǾûе飬ôأʮһҶʮٲǾǣɷǣǲˣ
ʱϸĵ˾ͻᷢммƺһ˿ɫ
ǵӣдţҸңǷˣѾˣȥˣҶ˺˵
СӣĻǻ
ʵ۵Ҫȥֹڷչ̶ȣѾóˣ
ʮ٣ǲǶյ۹ˣ췴Ҳ췴һ˼
ŶԭԼ췴ǾͲǵ顣ֻող˵ʶԷô֪Ҳյ۹ˣҶ΢Цſˡ
ǡ
ʶġһԲѵ
ҲʶǾȻƭңҴžǻϣƭϾһҪҶ΢Ц˵

ǲ͸˵ʵҿûʱ棡Ҷ˵ָһڵӡ
Ҫ˵ʲô
ܼ򵥣Ŀ˵һ飬ô಻ͬҵ־һ𣬲ǹģҶ˵
֪˵ʲôյĻʳǣ֮ˣ㶼ҳһǧ˰˵
ǵģǿҳͦģȴûй©Լݣȴˣͨ˱ץסܹ֮̿󣬾˵ٶϣҶ˿˵
һ˻пɺϣʮ˶Ǿ;Բɺϣ

ˣǼǶ֪ﲻҪǵ֪ǶܣĻǾͲ˼ǱˣҶ˺ƽ˵
ʲô֪ʣҲһģһ˵
ŶҾһ⣬һһڶ٣Ҷ΢Цʵ
ʱ˶һᣬҶʲôãѵΪ̽Ϊ˷ɾ裿
֪𣿡Ҷ˵΢΢³
֪˺СĽȻеͷʱΪҶŮܻش
ȻĻ˭֪Ҷ˻ʲô飡
Ҷ˿˿ˣȻܸɴ˵֪ˣүɣˣȥˣ
ȫһ
ʱ򣬻ʵ۵˵ҶɣȻɲôҲֻҪﵽĿľͿԣԣǶԴ˱ʾ⡣
Щ˾Ͳˣ˸ˣⲻǲݽ
ʲôȥˣԴǿΪү˵ЦģҶ˵ָĮ˵
ǣ֮Ǵԩ뿪Ȼ󡭡
ͻȻֹ˵ԴҶƶûȥһۣǲ̣ǲҪ
ʵǰʱʣµʮ˲ſʼ£֮ǰΪҶǿЦû˵Ҷϵˡ
ڣһΣǵʲôһλᣬ֮ҾͲˣҶ˵
ǡЩ֮УЩԥ
ǲģģ˲Ǿרѵġ
ŶǾͻظոյ⣬شһһڶ٣ҶЦŶ˵
ڶɵ⡣˺ţ˵
֪̫ˣ˰ҲˣҶ˻ֵ
Ǿš
Ҳ֪̫ࣿ˭֪𰸡
ߡߣһ̬ȡ
ǸҪͷа֮ǰҲߣ̫ˡҶ˲˵
ǡ֪һһڶ𣿡ҶЦʵ
˿ʼץͷˣڹҶ˵Ц⣬Ƿ衣
˵ЩˣڰˣҲҶ⣡
˵˵ǽӵֻҪҹ۲ѣͷ˵˸ôпⰵŵľǸˡһ˿ʼˣֻĿȴûжõļֵ
أҶ˼ʡ
ҲһһЩ˵
ߣС𣿡м˺ǰǷ˪˵
ܺãǵڣǿˣҶ˶ЩǷ˪˵֮ĽЩ˸ˡ
ߣǼ˴ʵ
ţߣҸı⣡Ҷüƺһѵؾ
Ǽ˶˵뿪ˣ˭֪ʮٲܱסԼͺãԭͲȥϸˣȻԼ
أЩѾЭʵ
ǼȻԼǼȻߣǵ۹ļ㲻ǿ԰ϣҶ˵ȻͰЩ˸Ѻˡ
ȫ˶֪Ҷݵһȫ·
ѸùصķˣѸ÷ŵȴֹˣ
ˣȥҶӣЩļ򶼴ȥþֻһˡ
ʱû뿪ϡ
СӸأΪʲôԭʵ۵Ҫ뿪µҲѾˣֻȴ֣ҶΪ֡
ǶҶ˵˽⣬֮Ҷһǵһ˵ģԲﲻ»û꣡
ûꣿ
ûû꣬ܿ˽ô鲢ûн
ˣЩ˪֮ˣǱӦȥˣѾԴˣмһҶѾͷ­
˾ǸոձҶȥ˵ˣ
ôոǸ˵ͷúģô𣿡ʵ۵˶֣ոմǸͷ­ģڸŵģصôҿϸ
˹ص˵ηԲκ˽ӴҶ˵һǺݲȥɱˣñǣ
Ҷ˵󶼾ãԼǹɱҲоãһЩİ취˾ԼɱˣҲʹﵽЧ
ȻҲҪһЩܵĻʼǰԼ¡
һСʲôŪһٵͷ­Ч棡ҶЦ˵ǽ
ţһ˸͡
ԭʱӦҲˣֻȴ֣Ҷ˻һʵģϷ롣
˱ȥ֮󣬹һְ֮еһ˴˻ƺǵһԣҶ˵ڶȥλ


98 ʣ2
ִһʲô˿Ҷˣǰ˵
װˣֻһˣ˵ˡҶָӣƵ˵
˵ʲôҲףһԻӡ
ҿһȴ̰治ΪʲôǵĹһѡ飡ˣֻҪ˵֪飬һ㣬һµݣٻ󣡡Ҷ˻˵ÿ˵һ䣬˵ɫͻ仯һ¡
Ҳǡ˱ҪҶ˵˫֮ʱͷðɣҳϣˣֻ벻㾹Ȼóҵ˼㲻Ǵе򵥣
ҵȻ򵥣ֻǹõ͵һѡҶ˿ûв˼ȫ

ǰôûз֣СӵƤô񣬲˵ǰҲûзСͬѰǻۣѵ˵װģ
ô˵£ûдģȻܳԼ
Ҫ֪ʲôʵ
ܼ򵥣ңôҵļһʲôĿģҶʵ
Ҳ̫ȴͷ˵ζԹߣͬķ羰пܣͳû̵ô˽Լ֪鶼˳ǣ˵ģȻûܰ½
ʲô羰Ҷʵ
ֻ֪֪ǵ۹ڲ飬ǵǹȥ羰˻ش
ʲôҵ˶ʼ𾪣ôҲûε춯ȻԼڲԭ
Ҳɻ󣬵˭Ϊʲô
ˣȥҶ˸оѾʳκζҲ˴ȥ
㲻˵ɣٻһ𣿡˵
˵ֲ˵ڣοЩֲҵ飡湻ˣҪˣҶվ
㡭̫޳ˡ
˭˵޳ݣڵĺأҶſͣʾ׵ݡ


֮Ҷ˾ͻص鷿һ飬Ȼ׼ˣȻˣʵ۵˻ûŪ飬Ȼ׷ˡ
Ҷˣô֪Ǹ˻л˵ǻʵ۵ĵһɻ
ܼ򵥣ҲŸոհһ˿ʮһͬ£ôӦǾͿ˵ҪôĹģҪôҪ̸ģҾһ£ԳˡҶ˺ܲ˵
ԭֻԣһΪ֪ǸҲ֣İɱˣǾ͵ùˣ߹һʵ
˭֪ôģҪǮҪˣҶҲһ㣬ֻǸԼ֪
ƺҪˣΪʲô
㣬ôЩ÷ŵ˷ˣЩ£ʵ۵ĵڶɻ
ʲôв÷ţ㲻˵ҿЩôߣǾͷǣ˲ˣҶ˵Ļش
ʵ۵˳Ĭﰵ뵽ˣС˭÷Ų÷ŵģֻϲϲ
⣬ʵҲǰʣ
ֻǺȴ˼ЩߵˣȻڸߣԹҲĲȴһһ֮Ҳʼ¼ɡ
ɺܼ򵥣Ȼ˵ʵʵ̫ˣôҾѣΪǱԼĹңΪյ۹ɢϢ
ĻҲڹһʱǵĹһһЩǽΪǶǲɶõ˲š
ֻǣҶ˻ȥǵòΣõֻв¼ɣ
ЩģõǹҵӣǶǺüó
ĵ˲űĵЩ̨ܻҲԼӵǹҵʵ½ĳһ˵ڴʵ
úܶ˶ɣѵҶһʼĿľ
֮ǰǸͷ­Ʒ𣿡
ǵģֻҪһ˲ͿԸһһһĶͷԸġҶ˵ͷ
ȻˣСϡŹֵĶУ͡ˣ͡
һ⣬ôͣǿհ׵ģأһҪ
İҶ˸һ⣬ȴоúпܵĴ𰸣ֻΪһЩֵֹĶ
ģʵ۵֮С
ڱ˽򵽵ģкܶĶſհһСĿģù׼ƭ˵ģιȻóҶ˻شƽ֪Լжء
𣿡ʵʵ
ٵģҶֱӻصǸɴˡ
ٵģʵ۵˿ͣҲе㲻ԾֻһָоﲻԾ
ǿӡ£ģҶ˵
ˣĴ½һǣһȱڣȴȱγһ㣬Ȼϸڡ
ȻʱһЩСϸڡ
ⶫû˸ðģҲ͸Ӳȥע
˭ģȻȥʵ۳ڴ£һȥ׷
Ҳ֪ʱһţ˵ˣ֪Ҳûа취׷ˡҶ˰ڰ֡
Ϊʲôʵʵ
Ȼ£ȴѾǰĶֽõľǻѩֽǰʧˡҶ˵Ҫʱ˲廰ˡ
˵Ǻʹ˵ĻѩֽҲ˵
ţ˵һСС֤͵ˣһǩ滹дֺʱ䡣֪ǿЩ֮У·ڸ֣Ҫ˵ð䣬û˿顭
µһ֣Ҷĳĳա

ҶͣȻµһ֣Լ棡ղؼֵܸߣҶˣдֱǱ˾ÿϧˡ
УҵҪֵǮԺͻΪҵֵּߣҶ˦˦ͷȻˣȥ

ҶˣŮҲˣʵЩȴߣǻҪȥоĻ˭Ϊʲô
Ȼҿ϶ЩԿ϶·Ҫǿֲܱ֪´ݾߡ
ȻǸͷʹȥ˭ЩҪоεˣºܿڲԱΪ
Ҷˣ
뵽ҶˣֻϾͷˣͲʣ
ţ뵽ȻǵŮʲôʱŮֵεˣǻʵۣҲ뵽ԼŮ
ȻˣʵҲǾųѡЩܱԼܺܺŮ
Ҷ˱ųҶͬų߹Ҳһ
˲ǲֵΣΪ˶ڲʺϵˣڰĶȣǵʵǹڴˣҶһˣ
ܱô˵Ӱ쵽˵ĸ飬С˶һֱһûзֿȻǺƵ飬֮ǣȴԽԽ


99 1
СߣҷһܺŶҶ˿߹΢Ц˵
ʲô߹ЩؿҶˣΪҶʱϣǸ΢ЦڸҪֵˡ
֪ʲôҲŸոŪģܺˡҶ˼΢Цš
ܺ棬Լ棬ҲŲҪƷ㺦һ𣿡߹еε˵
ҶЩ֮߹˲֪ٱ飬ǵһΣ߹Ūãһ¶ûгһʲô£ڶûֻ֪֪Ҷ˵Եɡ
СϢǸʱ߹ϵëȫɫˣԲŲҳ
ˣ߹ûжҶ˷ƢȻǶػ˶оҶ˵簮κεˡ
ˣѾˣܳɹҶ˵
أ߹ʵ
׷ɱ죬ˡҶʵش
ԭС̣òĶһ⣬ҲҪ߹ܾ
⣬СӣŮӲǶϲ𡣡Ҷ˺޹˵
Сӣ߹Ҷֵʵ
ǰ֮ǰʧܣŪһֵ󣬿ԽӣʱͲ֪ˣ죬ֻӲҶ˵
Ŷ
һǲңҲңһֻӱڻ˵ɰ§ֱģǾˣ
ԭ㣬˵ôˣͻȻ֡ԣǸʱ򣬻һϴһ˵ЩҶˣ߹ͻȻм⣬Ҷ˺
ֲûһϴʲô˵ġҶʼ˵
飡߹Ҷһ£Сʱǳˣһˣ
һҡҶ˺޹˵
ߣ㣡
ȿȣȱˣܵܣӵκ϶Ч𣿡Ҷʵ
ǵģܶ࣬һҶ˵ͷ
Ǻ޵УҪǰЩֶӣǲ޵ˣҶ˷˵
Уֻܱεֻǽαһ£ʵǻȻڣôСĸ֣ҪԭѶԸңֻҪʲô˺ĻͻϱҲ˵ܺǽսңпܻиȥΣ뷨ǲܵġҶҡҡͷ޵б̬Ŀԡ
ŶǾ̫ϧˣҲֻѡҶеϧܿͻָԭⱾ˵ûʲô˵ġ
СҲûʲôΪʲôС̻ǲǻʲô£߹ú֣С̶Ҷ˵̬ȣСôܻԡ
ҲûʲôӺ·ûָ֮û·Ҷ˰ڰ˵

ǵʱڳ𣿡߹ţûڳСҶ˵Ļ
аǸʱϰú߸ɩˣ˵е飬Ƕûпʱҿ嵲סˣ
㵲סʲôãڰǰˣĶСҶһҶˣû˵
𣿡
Ҷ߹ͬʱҡͷ

šҶ˶С̺
ߣСתͷ
Ҫǧ⣡ҶĲᣬֱ˵
㣬ҭ㣡Сóõǧ⣬ֱҶ˵

ʳһʱ䣬ӿ洦ɼȻΪǰӿûж֪ЩΪϢͨˣҲһ֪
Ȼİӿ֮УĪΣǰһȨ֮£ڻʵ۵˵Ůĸ֮УڸԵȨϽ
ߵĻʼѧԺڽҲһȴЩôڰǾ󲿷ָһֻϵĸоഺѪıԡ
ѧԺΪеһȫУ
ҶֵⳡȫУܶԱʢûȥμӣ˸ְ취Ӳʩһûıԡ
ȴһֱĳϳ֣ѧԺħѧԺ
ԭ
㣬ˡҶڱصıϣС׼ʳڽζؿһ֮󣬶Ҷ˵
֪ˣܵܣûʲô˵ģҶ꿴Ҷ˵
΢һ㣬Ҷ˻ص
ʲôʲôб˵ҺܱһҶЩˬ˵
㲻ǺܱǱ㣬ˣһûˣصľǸ˭֪Ҫڴ϶ãҶ˲̲ؽӻ
СҶ걻˵΢΢һ졣
Ҷ룬˵Ҳÿ֣ۣĶԾ֮˲Ϣ䣬һСľͻⷢǰȫΪϣ
ǵǱãǰȫΪϣҶ꿴ҶʵҶ˸ոյĻǰìܣһ㣬Ͳһ㡣
ȫΪϣҶ붼ûֱ˵
ԣ֪۽ġҶܿĵ˵ȻЦ³
Ҷˣô˵Щƫģһߵ߹ЩԴ׵˵
Ҷ˿ųУͷҲûص˵ֲҪһзִ磬ҽ
ʱҪҶһͻһ㡣߹˵
һûʲôֱ𡣡Ҷ˺ܲ˵
Ź֣ƫ㣬Ųһ߹˵
Ȼˣҽ㣬ǸǲͬˣȻͬҶ˻ص
ոջ˵һ߹ߵǲˬӡ
һǣҶ㶼зֱ𣬶˵ҽһġҶ˴ػشҲһ

߹ʲôˣϾҶҲ̫ƫģһϯˣҲһǸԼˡ
ֻҪ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ҷ˳ħѧԺԭ򣬶ѧԺأ
ҲһС̵
ˣС̣һҪ񡪡
㡭ȥˣ´ҶָһѧԱ˵ǸѧԱ̾ͱˣǻϣ֮ʹϨˡ
ѧԺϵһĻڵҶɱȨ֮ˣѧԺѧԱϣ֮ͬʱҲǾ֮
ûҶھĲ֮һҲʷΨһѧԱС
ȻҶȥǾ취ѡǱʵѧԱ˳㻹Խȥӡ
ҶҲ֪ⳡĲУͬʱҲǴԼѡѧԱȥμӴΪʸʦҲǷѾ˼
ǳʲô濼ǣѧԱԼ¶пԼɻڴ
Ҷ˲֪ǳʲôԭҲãĪĴӦļʶҲûʧְǳеְ


100 2
һʼ˲ϾҶҲһѧԱѣһδʵǰǴĸЧҲʼɵҶ˵ж
ҶΪУһʱϯǸԼϲϯûй̶ʱ䡣
Ҫ˵й̶ģʽǾС̵ϯΪС̻˳Ȼ˵ҶƫģСҲеС죬ĿǰΪֹҲץסѱ˵
죬С̵Ѿӵ֪ʶȻΪ֮Ķ
ħҲһһʼûųһЩˣȻһһ̭Ȼһ£ѧԺὫƽĽַɢָһӾ͸ָɵ
ȻΪʵսˣҲһлᣬǰǲսԼ֮˵ǰԱ
ϾǴѡѧԱ֮ǿʵˣ
εСܷĹؼĶȻҲ
ֻ˵ĶʣµѧԱ֮УʵԱȽһҶƫĵı֣صģȨ
Դˣܶ˶ʾҲûа취
ߣͰɣڵģѧԺ֮Уһҧ˵
Ҷûȣƫĵĳ̶ȣС׼׶ѡ
ʼҶ˺һ䣬ʾ˱Ļ
ǰĶͿʼ
ȿȣսװһߣ
ûħңȵĶǼ಩֡
ڱȵǣǰһЩƷ̵ʱһĿЩĿǾƵģҪú֪ܶʶͬʱҲҪ˵봴
Ϊԭпհһ˼ƷǿܻõرŴΪԷ̭ǰҲҪĿ
Ҷڿʼʱͽ볡أƺΪ˼ලеˣ֮ǰ֮УҲֵĻ棬ǱˣҶһֱû³
ˣе㷴ֻûע⵽
šҶС̣ȻᣬʾС̡

СӰҲ̫ˣĲ
ȻҶ˵ĶСоû˿ü֮Уôˣô۾ţСĶҲᱻ˾۵ף
οҶ˵ĶСһûκ˼ŰС̣
ˣҶ֮󣬼˶ȷ֮ǰĴԣСӾƫ̻С̣һֱΪš
СһʱԺҶ˵ʲôûҶ˾Ȼһֱӡ
ȥǸҶ˵
ŶСϰԵӦƺûзӦֻҶ˵ĻȥҶҪ顣
Ҷˣˣô죿С̴ʵõ֮ǰѾЩ
ʱ򣬶ԷûзȻҶָС̣Ҳһָ̣Ҳܴ˵Ȼ룡
ˣЩһҶָһЩ˵
Ŷȵȣ԰ҶˣǲУѡ֣ǲܽЩģֲƽʱСʱŷӦ
˭涨оͲԽ̣ϲ̾ͽ̣˭ҹңҶ˺ܲں˵
СһʱĬҲĽȱûҶ˷Ķֵõʾ
ǣҶⷴ˵æ
˵ˣҶˣͲҪˣҿԵģСͻȻԼӦ÷ԼѾˣǾͶҶ˴һȻͷȥҡ
ʲôڿ㰴ҵȥȻˣҶֱӶȥӸС̡
Ҫ߿СЩͷʹ˵ҪԼ
Լʲôȫ»ҰģҰæֲǶ˵飬ҪҰæܣҶֱС̵ͷܲ˵
֪һǡ㣬㿴˼ңˣĴС۽ǿѾˣҶ˿ʼˡ
ʱ򣬶ǿˣСߣûжĽȣھҶԶ֣Ҳƺϲˡ
ټϣҶ˶ֵĻҲͲϱĹ涨Լ֣һҶ˻ǻעġ
ؼʱҶһΪȫΪ֮Ŀɿڴ
ֻҶֱܵǸ˵ǰȻһŽĶɢȻ˼ţˡ
㶨ţԼˣҶ˵

ȫĬ֮С
Ȼ֪ҶѾƫ̻ˣҲ֪ƫ̻ĺԣǣ˭벻Ҷ˻ֱӰѶֵĳɹƻ
Ѿ伫ĵزȫӱԼݣòеְ֮㣬С̱ݻ
Ҫ𹫷ߵģ

Ҷˣʲô˼ƫСҲˣ̫ˣǸۼʤѡ֣ŭˣ
˼ҲСߵġҶ˺òصǸ

ǲСģѱ˵Сǰ˵һ
ƭ˭ѡŭ
㿴˰ʵǹģҶֻʵ˵Ҷ֪滰

ȻˣǾ͸һʤѡ˵
ҾܾҶ˺ܸɴ˵
Ϊʲô
һԭĲСҶ˵仰ܶ˵ıӣûᣬ˵ǳʲôԭڻûԣ㲻ʤ
ԭ򻹲Ϊ㣡
˵һ飬ܳʲôԭ򣡡ҶٴǿȻһֺţӦװģ˵š
ӣסѵ˭ܵˣǱϺʵĺˣҲпܻݺ㣬ƻǰ;Ҫκˣ

˶Ĭˣ仰ҶΪûֻǴŹֵֹĸоҶΪȻҲһֽ壬ܾɹûʵΪԼУ
Ҷˣ˵ԼǱϺʵĺ𣿡С̵
ǰҶ˵ͷ
Ҳ˵ֻǱϵĺˣС̼
ǣǱϺʵĺˣ˵ұϺʵʵҲǺʵ˵һϵĺˣʵȻһˣҶΪԼȻŪеԺһеŪס
ⶼʲôʲô
ϸڣܹҶһ仰Ҷ˵Լһˣ
ֻǣǺ𣿾Ȼ޳ܵ飡
˭˵˲޳ܵģɲǻ˵ר
㡭㲻Ǻˣƻ򣡡ָҶˣе˵ĸо
Ҷ˰ڰ֣˵ʲôʱƻˣдţвƫ̻дţвܸ𣿶ûУ

ȷûУΪҶòǹģƫãҲҶ֣
ˣҲûر涨ԲУЩǲĵĹˣ


101 ߹֮1
ûаɣǾͲҪ˵ƻбгʤһС̣㣡Ҷ˵Ļ޳ܣҲܼ֣Ҳֱ˵Ĺö֮ġ
㡭㡭ڴȻ˵ˡ
ʲô㣬С̻ʤˣҶ΢Ц˵
ҶˣҪҲһ㣬ôԺòãʱѶĵʦеͷʹ˵
ûﰡ㿴ѾˣںϹԼҪʲôˡҶָָС̣ʱŷ֣ҶѡֶԻ֮䣬СѾĵˡ
ֻҪҳҶ˵ΪûӰĻС̻ʤ
ֻǣһ
ģٴ󲿷ֻģⲢΪǺҶˣ߸ҶӣΪҶ˵һ仰˶ǳ
Ȼҳе˽ȴҪ˵һ£Ϊһʿʲô֮£Ӧñ˻߻Ӱ죬˾÷ŭ飬ҲӦӣӦòӰԼ
һ㶼Զ޷Ķ壬ҲûвμӴıҪ
ûҶˣٶֵ飬ҲȻԼɣһҪ˿޲ģϾĶһͻܴı仯
սĻǾ͸Ҫסһ㣬Ȼֻ·һ
ȻڳˣǾҶеڵĸоҲòϣʵոС̵Ǹ֣ȷӰ졣
СⷽͱֵúܲȻҶ˵Ϊڷգеܲ˼ȻǲӰԼ
ԣⷽ˵СӮˣ
ˣεҲˣԸԼżϢʮˡʦûɣҶ΢Ц˵һҽڸԼżϢˡ
㣬ܲס㣡Ůʦû˵
ллʦţҶеˣȥԶҶֱСˣ߶һǸȻҶˡ
ߵһ룬Ҷͣƺʲôת
˭ҪսС̵ĻҾٻУǿҪġ
㵱У˭ȥս
Ҫǳв
º󡭡
Ҷˣƫģ߹С˵
Ҿƫôˣұ棬ȻܰҵȻѵһȥˣҶڻص
˵Ĳ߹С졣
˵ʲôҶʵ
˵ǣС̶ôãΪݻҾͲŲʣ߹Ĵ׾еˡ
㲻ҪȽϱôѩϻۣҪҰ㣡Ҷ˻ش
Ҳܣƫģ߹ץҶ˵֣һţòƺίӣҲۡ
ƫģҶҲȶðʲôóԴ׵ġҶеĪؿ߹
𣿡߹˫һ
ȻģǴСһ𳤴ģ÷ķСҪܶ࣡Ҷ˵Ȼ⻰Се㲻ȴǲʵ
⻹࣡߹΢ЦţҶ˵ļϡ
СߡҶ˿ǰҪ˵Щʲôȴ߹ϡ
Ҷˣ֣ûнй֡߹ͻȻѪСҶ˽߹ĳƺܹΪ֣ŵ߹ٵڵСߣûнй֡
Сߺһ㣬ȽܣҶ룬ʱ֪ǲ˼ôģȻûн֡
ǽţܣ߹˵
ŶšҶ˴ػص
ˣ߹û뵽ҶĻУѾüûƺеȴһֱŵĳƺ
ʵϣҶҲһԭΪոշһص⣬ҲΪʲô߹ĸԭ
ԼȻ֪߹ʲô֣
Ҳѹһֱûнй֣ҲһǽΪ߹ǹˣû˻ֱϾһĹ
ºܲںֻҪиƺͿԣеֻ֪Ŷ֪һҲûʲô˵ġ
ֻǣҪǱ߹֪Ļһ
ΪˣҶ˾ȥŪ߹ʲô֣ñ֣Լոջ˵ǷСˣȻ֪֣飡
ǣȴе桪
С߽ʲô룬ʲôʲôҶһȻŬػš
ʲôʲô˭֪˭֪Եģ
ʧܣ
߹ʲôô֪Ҷѵ֪𣿡С̿Ҷʵ
ȿȣô᲻ֻ֪ѣ
һʧܣ
Ŷ˵߹ʲôţѡ·˼ס
֪㣡
һʧܣ
飬Ҷ˵ó߹䣬ʳǼû֪̫ˣĹȻ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪
ֻ˵߹̫͵ˣ˺Ҷһʱ΢е¶ʱ򣬻û˿ԷĴڣ
Ҷ˵ĸĸԼδĶϱҲһֺģǲ̫Ҷһ㣬֪֣ʲôġ
ţΪȫĸʽʲô
Ҷ˾Ժһ߹ˣΪҲǰʣҪǱ߹֪Լȥʱֱֻ֣ԼҲֻһ㡣
һᣬһᣬᵱȻϿʼ

ڰ֮С
ƻеΣһĮ˵ţе㷢䡣
һж˵ļƻ֮Уǲ֪Щǵļƻ֮һŹ˶ã¾ǵˡ¹ػش
ܺãߣҶˣҵƣһڲõĮø䣬ﴵһ
ʲôƻΪʲôҶйأЩ˵˭أ
ֻ֪֪һıڽУҶƺǣУ
ƻУҲһڽ֮УԽԽȻѾȷ˲μӴĶ飡
پɸѡʼѧԺγĶ飬ȷѵĥϣʵͬʱҲҪ
ĹⳡѵֱѵԲͬ·ǰĳأҲ˵ѵĿʼ֮ЩѧԺûʱٻֱ֮Żؼҡ
ⲻ˵
ţһġҶ֪֮С̻뿪ܳһʱ䣬ͺؿС̡
ţ֪ҵʳСȫΪΪ̫˽Ҷˡ
ڿʼÿ춼׼ʳҪ׼һʳҶ޵
ߣҲŲ׼ãСЩ˵ô˵ԼҲҪ뿪һ࣬ͲֳܱһĲ
ѵҾͱȲһԵģ֪ԣ㣡㣡


102 ߹֮2
㲻ģ֪ˣҶЦ˵
С̾С죬ߵҲŲãҾͲֲҷϡ
ϸûǶй򡣡Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
ȥСŭȻڽļûٳҶ˵ǰƺˡ
ԴˣҶ˿˵Ƕʲôʳ֮ζⲻҶСģΪԲС̵ĶŻûζ
ˣԺͳԲĶǲϰߣҲãҲҪֿûһΣҲһҪȥ棬ҲһҪֿԲĶ
Ӧһºˣ֪ǰӦýŪԼ
˵ڲѧԱʱ򣬻ʵۻڻʹ֮оһϯΪѧԱǼУҲ˵ʱҶ˻ǻῴҲС̡
Ǹʱ򣬺ܶ˶ᵽǲѧԱԼˣвҪץסȺ˲ŵĳ͢Ա
Ҳǹ֪ʲôʱʼĹҲԽԽ¡ˣ
ʱڲ֪֮ȥһѧԱ뿪ӣҶѾװڻʹǰ棡
֪ﲻˣӦȥ˯ŶԣҶվȺ֮дŹǷоһû˯ѵӡ
ң߹Ҷһһн
ҪӣôҶҪеĻǿܾͲ뿪
ҪǸҵĻͲˣҶ˺ε˵
ʶ࣡Ůͬʱ˵
ȥҷţҶ˲֪һߣС̵ĸܣҶ߹Ⱥ֮еСȥ
ǸʱСҶˣ߹ʱ¶һϲӣ֪
ֻҶ˲ᷢ£ֻСʧô죬һûȥ
ţ㻹𣿡Ҷʵ
СһȻҡͷûУûô
ô춼ӰʲôҶɻ
С̿ҶˣȻʵĻ
᲻ң仰û˵ڣֻΪƤǱȽ۵ģĳˣ֪ܣŶԣǳٶۣ
һǸ㣡Ҷ˻ش
ģСϲȻֻǳƬ̶ѡ
Ҷ˵ͷشţҪȻԺͳԲĶˣ
ߣ֪˵С̱òˬ
ٺ٣˷ţȥѵʱҪǵչԼҿɲʧȥ㡣Ҷ仰ǳĵģǲʧȥСֻ̣ǳʲôԭֵоˡ
֪֪㻹ǲʧȥţС̵ͷ׵˵
ô˵ãסˣҵģԳ£Ҷ΢Ц˵
ޣޣ˭ģҪ˵һҪ˵ġС̺ôҶˣƺ
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ߣˣˣڻʱ䣬Ұһʳﶼ㡣Сһ˵ţһߴӿռó׼õʳ
һꣿ𣿡Ҷ˾ҲûţӹС̵ݹʳȻװĿռ
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С̵ЦҶ˵ͻȻһֲԼ˳ԵģҲûжٹȴһֱΪԼš
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ȻڶҲֻ΢עһ£ܿͻصк͹ϲ档
ף
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Ҷ˵ھͱһȺ˷ţҪҶ˹ƣҶʱȴһֱڽһʳҲû
ҲΪҶ߹Ҳֿˣԭ˾ͲôûҶڵĻ߹ˡ
ҲԼҪӦˣǹҲȺѧԱ֮УΪģȻҲܵע
ʱС
ڵ֮󣬽ˣʵ۵ǳˣ
λǡ
ҶһÿĳϣܻһЩ׵ķϻͬľʱĳ⣬ʵһβ㳤ǾԲǶ̡
ڣǾΪδĵ۹֧Уϯ
͵仰ˣҶС̣ܿҶͣҸط£ټеķҪܾòܼ档
еķҲܼ򵥣ƳԲ˰СʱǼ򵥵ϯ
֣СأҶ˵ûҵ߹ее֡
֪ովͲˣЩҲˣӦɡҶ֪ʮһεĶ˭̫οʮǰһСӡ
ҶеֵζǻǲЩɣСڳһڲ֮󣬱üͷ˵
ֵζʲôζôûиоҶҶ궼ûгԳȫҲûо


103 ɣ1
Ҳ֪ܾú֣ζûгЩҲζֵǣÿ̲˶ССü˵
ȱˣⷹһ⣡ȻҶûвԣСֱ̣ӽµĶ³
СˣҶˣôˣ˿Ҷ̿ʵ
ⷹ⣡Ҷ˵
Ϲ˵ǻʹŪĲˣǾѹصģô⣿Ҷֹ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪һ⣡
ô϶Ҷʵ
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ţҶָ֪Сֱ̣˽ֱ֮С̣Կ϶ⷹ𣿡
ҿ϶йζܿ϶⣡С̵ͷ˵
ζҲǵʲôɡ˵
Ҳܳ˰С˵˵йζʳǲܳԣ˳û⡣
ף̣ôҲڣҶƺողŷ⡣
ӣһֱڣǲǸողŷ֡Ҷ˵ԴЦ˵
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Ȼģ⣡
ҶҶ⻰֮󣬾Ϳϵˣ־Ҷ˵ԼҶҾȻȫˡ
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ΪʲôҪĻֲǻϣҲšҶ˲ػص
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ӣ˵ҪϳΪˡεҡͷԼıԻŪڵ״
Ŷ˵ˣΪҪȢأǺܿµģӦ˵ֲܿҶƺˡ

ҧҧ޲óҶˣ
ףԣҪʵۣŮ˿Եʵ𣿻УϰҲǵϣᴫλ𣿡Ҷɻ
Ů˵Ȼʵۣ۹һ֮ŮʣشУϰ֡ѾӦλˣ
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ܵܣǲںϷҲ̫ˣͷջȥҶŪһμͷ¼ԣҶڻɣܶҲڻϣģġ
Ȼúֻܹ֣ģ
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104 ɣ2
ǣǸͷģҲȷǻϵͷҶ֮ǰóԶ鿴ˣϸֱһ£ȷġ
ڳܶ˶Ϊ֮𾪣һǶλˣû뵽ȻĺֱӾͽʵɱˡ
˵ƺҲΪȷģȻҪλˣǾɱʵ۵ľǸɱֱɱˣҪһЩġ
ֻȴ˺ѽܣҲ̫ͻȻʵ֮ǰڽȴѾ촦
ΪʲôҪɱϣĸףҪʵۣҲýɱˣҶ챯ߵŭţʵ۵Ľ鲢Ǿ֮ô򵥣Ļֵѡ
ҲΪ֮ǰȫûпǹʵ¶Լ
Ϊ˵ҪŮʣˣˣͬ⴫λˡ΢Ц˵һ˾ÿµ΢Ц
˾͵ڴӦ仰͵
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ǰĻµĻʵˡϲӦ˵Ӧ˵Ҳλ㣡

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򵥵˵Ҷҵĸ֮Уа˳ûжлҶ˼Ҷܻһ㡣
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ʱҶɫ˱䣬֪ħΪ˷ֹ˽봳ʹõģҲ˵֪뷶Χ
Ҷˣô֣ῴҶˣ˳һ䡣
ұҪôڣ㲻ˣҶ˺ʵػشͬʱһϧ

ڴʱ˶ĬˣҿҶˣͻȻҶ˺ܿ£Ϊȫ˵뷨ֻᰴԼ
˵ʱҪŽħĴڣǲǻڣǾһδ֪ˣ


105 1
ȷһأƣĬһᣬе£ԼոջûʲôҶ˵͹Σա
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ΪʲôҪʵ۾ȥʲôϵģҶЩˣԼûзᡣ
ѵ㲻⣿Щʵ
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Ȼ⻰епᣬȴһʵƽڹ壬󳼣ֻҪʵǸûʵۣ˵ԸΣλôõģ⡣
һʱܽܣʱһҲ˻⣡
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106 2
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ˣڳЩˣһЩǱɵģǹ˳Ҳһ
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107 3
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Ҫɱ˭ɱ˭ƨ£ҶػصȻɱʿϾͿɱΧˡ
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108 1
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֪ңӳȥ֮÷ȻˣҶҡͷֱӾᡣ
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Ϊʲôѵһ㶼Ҫ𣿻˵ΪԼԷᵭʵǹȻͬһˣΪԼԺķУֻٵ
Ҷˣ
仰ܶ˶ܻʣΪ¼ǣ߹ȴ⣬ȻϲһЩҶ˾˵ƫģỳҶ˶Լĸ顣
ţҶ˲ΪԼ
ҺҪҵȥģһԸ⣬һ־ܣ㴦ãҪԸ˲һҵļˣҶƽ˵ƽƺƽ
СѶ֪һ˻һȺˣǲģԣҾܾҶ˼˵Ҫ㣬㶯һͷҲʮ㣬Ҫˣᣡ
Ҷ˵ĻԽԽ䣬ǹɺ˭ܸоõһ絶һ̼ÿ˵塣
ΪŮʣҲһа취ɱ㣬Զùһʱܶһ𣿡


109 2
žһļžû˷һҶһһ
ĬҶ˵Ļ˶Ĭ˼
˶ܿҶ˵֮˵Ҫ㣬һᵹùҪĻǾпġ
˵ģһʱ֮Էסһأ
һӣҪԵģǲɢȥӰʱضܱɱӰ
ɱһ˰ˣ
ǣ˵
˶ƺһ㣬޺Ĳе㱿ʮүһΣյĴڣ
һЩ˻ϲһЩǳ
ϲǹҶ˵ˣ֪ˣҶ˲Ҫչ˵ˣڹؼʱ̣չԼӦ˵չˣ
ǳģȻҪҶΪеˡ
һӳȥ᲻ɱأҶˣǸӵʵ
ֻҪĵûҲû㣡ȨǴۣһӶҪֵ߱𣿡Ҷʵ
ֵã㲻ᶮģ֮ˣʱĺĽ㣡ᵭ˵
ȥʱһǷ߹ʩš
˶ˣҶȴƺЩס
СߣֱȥǱߵңҺܿͻɱȥˣҶָǰ
ţ߹ֱħǱߣûбħ
ҶˣҺܲףΪʲôҪѡһͻƣǱǷܵĵطʱҶһ⡣
Ҷһʼѡĵطȥȥͻƣúܶ˶֣Ҷ˵𾪣Ҳʱ⡣
࣬ͱʾȥױѵĵطЩĵطҲǽһΧֺαȥͻƣҶЦ˵
Ϊʲôô϶ǹģʵ
㣬ʲôطҶ˷ʵ
ǻʹǰŹ㳡ȥʹıؾ֮·ƺ뵽һЩ
ͶˣҴСʹĴж٣Ҳˣһ᲻˽⸽Ļ𣿡ҶЦ˵
ԣһ᲻֪Ǳѵĵط𣿡

ڻҪ׼𣿡Ҷָǰʵ
ǵģˣͻҲÿһЩԣһḶһЩ۽ǶɱǵȷǸ֣˺սҲһֲЩε˵
ŸոλܿƾʲôԸǣ˿ʼᣬ˺սҲҪеȨɡ
汿ֻҪ˵ѱ䣬ѻϻӹɱͷϣͿһãҶ˺ܲм˵ЩıûӴҲõ
Ҷˣûп㣬Ҫһ£Զȱ˸Ҫ͸ֻǺܶʱ㶼ȥῴҶˣǸӵ˵
ⶼ㷢ˣðɣҳϣһ޵ĵ͵ʿҶЦ˵
ĬȻɱǣ
ûʿǷӦҶѾһǹƴһǹǿҵȫɣӶֱӽǰķߴһ
ҶҲͳᣬȥκͣӳǸħķΧ
ȻʱȴȻڹ㳡֮У˰ΧţڷţֿŸʿĹ
ҶΪʲôɱѪ·أ
ܼ򵥣㣡
ֻҶ̴ӽָóСӽȥӵʿм䣡
䣡
䣡

ıըΧʿһȱڣɢĲ֫ϱۣôҶףոҶӳıըС
ֻǣҲףΪʲôҶ˵ıըڽħʹãһƷ棬ӦûôģΪҪħԪطģ
𰸺ܼ򵥣Ҷ˵ıըǴĻѧƷûһħԪأҩʱĶǺܶࡣ
ʱҶ˲ûͣˣֱóϴεڣŽħһ䡭
Ҷˣ׷ˣħзģƻ˵ģڡġѵ
䣡
ǽʼ̮
Ҷ˲ûйĻֱȿһ£Ȼ˵ħзƻˣҿƻڷӵĸӶλ
Ĭ͸ˣô˽⣬ô᲻֪һƽİ취
ܿ죬ʵ͸˴𰸣ħʧȥһ֮󣬷ΧӰʧȥһǣһǱڵλá
ڣҶҵ˵ĽҲͲˣֿԷǵˣ


110 3
㣬ţҸǵİΰٲҩˣ˳ָйģҶҲûٹȥӦָֻʾһ£ôҲΪա
û˽ħûжƣȺһԲҪҶصȥӦ˵ǻԱҶˡ
ڽⶾõʲô취ȻҶ˵İΰٲҩⶫҶҽѧоɣԷǱܣзʩڵ쳣أмȻˡ
ֻǣҩɱߣֹӣҩ⣬м仹һЩС͵󣬸ƣЩҲֻҶ˲
ҲΪ֮ǰҶҲһЩҲûзָңΪûħԪأܷǲܽվ
ΰٲҩⶾ㲻Ҫ𣿡˶ɻ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ϵĶҩǺ鷳ģôھǰҩͿԽ˸о¡
Ҷ˵ԸҲе󡭡
ֲ֪ҩʲôôҩͨõľͿԡҶ˺ܲεػش
㲻֪ҩԣȷܽ𣿡˺յȻڿЦ
ҾͳˣŵĻˣҶ˺ܲε˵

ʱҶҲûйˣŸոһֱվߵ߹֣ȷû֮Ǻܱյιһҩ
Сߣҽһ˵ı죬ǺģҶһ߹еɢҵ㷢˵š
Ҳ˻֪Ҷ߹һ𣬿ʩųһǿħ˵ľֻǺʹù
˶Ϊˮݵģһû취һʵȴոպ෴Ϊ춷Ҳͺ˽Էȱ㣬Ծ͸ֲԷȱ㡣
ţ߹ܹɵصͷȻҶͣһȺ߱м䣬ҲõΡ
Сߣôûһ¶ûУǸڰ˹ô̬ôû˺㣬̫ϧˣҶʱҲ̼һ߹
ȻǺܸ߹û£ܹ鳳ܣǶϣԷ¡
ģ㻹ûǲģ߹һ䣬Ҷ겢վһ
Һ֣ΪʲôͻȻ㣿Ҷʵ仰Ҫʵģʲô̼ˡ
߹Ҳ֪Ҷʲôʣʲôʱ˵ϻе㲻϶ػش⣺룬ɱѾûкôҹҶ˵ĺţһܻһչˣпǣŹ顭
ĻͲ߱ˣûҶ˵ҶѾһ䡣
߹޻˵ֻĬĬڻе㲻ǰпʵ
ڲ˵ʱҪĻôӳȥЩʲôҶСˣʲô飿
֪ͨңǶˣܻٵĶٵҪ˱ˣҶ˵Ļܸɴ࣬Ҳܹϣڳȴһܽܡ
ȻǸȥ۹ʱǲܴˣҶ˹۲ܣŰ취
ȥȸ۹Ҷ˵ͬʱųһźŵǸҶ֮ˣҪĽ
Ȼڵһȫ˶棬ҲܻٵҶҵҪʩΪѾܿҶңȨ֮С
ܸҶ˵ģһȺ֮ˣҶϵ֮ɿһȺˣ⵹ʧΪһ¡
٣Ҷһ£һԣ֮ͨˣΪεһȺˡ
ҶΪʲôѡȸ۹ҶҲȽϺ棬ƺҲĿǰõѡ
ΪʲôҪȥȸ۹Ҷ˵һýܺʵ
Ҷüƺе㲻Ը̾ȸ۹ǿԶԿյ۹۹֮һΪṩϣΪȸձʹһìܣΪ˴̼գһὫǱãܻṩõĻᡭ
һǰҾȸ۹Ǿ㲻ڰϣҲῴҶСӵϣõİ
ΪʲôϣҶе㲻ףܶҲǲһ㡣
ѵ֪ô
ܺð
㹻ˡ
ǣôӰ𣿡ҶҪʣʱȴûʱˣҪתλãս״̬
ͷսս״̬ǴתΪƣȻǰһֱά״̬
ֻǣ״̬ǲά֣ĲΧǵֻԽԽ࣬һֱɱУҲ޷ֹķ



111 Ҫ𣿣1
ȡ
ҶһȥĶһȺǰʿɣˣײĴȻĽ
⡭Ҷһ˦ħʩŵһƬ˵ļеأһⱬ֮˪ۿɼĿᣬΧڵﶼ棬ˣ
裡߹һ˲䣬ʩһֱǱֱӽǱը
ĳЩʧ
ߣҶһĿ켶ĸ֣Ǻ޼ɣң
ƺʱ򣬾ͨڱȦȺͨƶ©֮ʱɵĻӳһ©֮
ȻЩǲ࣬ʵȴǺֲܿģǧҲѵֵסЩˣĽͷս֮Уࡣ
Լٶȵϣͻһؿڡ
үүȥȸ۹Ԥϵõ𣿡Ҷмһ䡣
ӦԤϲû֪⹫ļ壬Բ뵽ⷽ档ҶҡҡͷشȻǺܿ϶Ҳа˾ųɵġ
ǾͺãǾ޷ǵ·ߣҶ˵ȻͼȺ֮зԴӻ֮һֱûΪ
һȺţڹҪ
Щ˵Ķħ˵Ҷ˵似Сܶ࣬һ˵Ļ˵ҪΪô˿·ͷʹˡ
˵ˣԭȥ·ҲԸ⣬Ҷ˻ð
˵ˣˮܼ֮ĵزȫκεĹܷһйǲ̫ϧˣ
Ҫ˵ͷʲôͷʹҶ˵ˮ֮鷳ĳ̶ҪԶԶҶ켶֡
Ϊˮ֮úܶΧİ취ʧȥãûĻԷһƬһȺʿҶЩ˻ҷ
ǣԴӵһνҶ׷ûʹЩ취ˣֻε˺ս
ʱ򣬼˶Ҷ˵ˮ֮һµ̬ۡ
һ·Ҷ˼˲ʩ˶汾ˮ֮еĹ̬ģ̬ǣŴС
̬ǣһʹһͬʱų
⻹òûľԷôȥƵ켶ֶڶʱƻֻ֮ɺģ
޵еķȺңûκεĺ֮ǣ
ֻ
ȥţֱȥȻҵħĲ𣡡Ҷ˺ġ޵СóģֵסһͻĵһЩħ
˵ոһֱʹôģİ취ĻʵҲܽҶ˸ʧ̫ʧһΣûпǵڶΡ
ôȥǽħģױݻ٣ûʱšҶü
Ȼ֪ǲеģҴȥҲõѡ񣬳ųȥ϶׷
ģоǽƣֻҪݻһֶͿԻٵⲿֳǽҶЦ˵ȻóרڣȻе
оΪʲôҪоЩҶ˲׵ʵƺҲ̫ˡ
ǲ֪ʳǵķɣźܶ룬ֵҲοСЩʿԶ޷ʿΪ½˶٣ֻƻʿƻὨ裡Ҷ˺ид˵
½ȻʿأҲרŵѧƣȴһֱѶħڵһλ
Ҷ˵ģħսǱģ˿ԱĻڽ跽档
һп뿪ߣ뿪ħʦȴ벻ʿʿʦʦпѧңġ
̣
Ҷ˵һߣתǽ֮Уһߺϸϸ˺⡣
ŪʲôûκʲôãҪ˵ִħĳǽͨĳǽҲһ޷ͨ
ܿ죬ҶĽûκõģôǷǳԡ
Ҷǰĳǽ֮Уʼһǿ⣬ӳǽ淢ԽԽԡ
䡭
ǽ𶯣˲ȻȻ
ǰǽһȱڣȻȱڱѻһСɽһ㣬ͨ˴ȥҲҪܶʱ䣬Щ˵ȴǺѣ
Ȼǳˣȴݵʱ﷢ˣƺţһֱ֪ģһֱûа취ݻ٣ԼεģĳǽҶ˸Ūˣ


112 Ҫ𣿣2
ˣȥ𷢴ˣҿɲܰǰŪƽأҶ˿ЩǾѵ
ߣҶҲܸɴ࣬ûٶʲôڲʱ
Ȼºһ£õһĴ𰸣߸ûжֻǴ̼˱ȶóǽңӶóǽڲʼ
Ҫƽ⣬Ƿǳѵ飬һе뵱ѾǹҲ˷
ֻǣҶҵһСеƻ
˵ò˵һڣһ˼װԪصɡ
Ҷ˾ǰռıһħԪش
˵򵥣ʵȴѣӦ˵ѣȻҲᵽҲû뵽ƻǽ
ҶмҪȷޱȵļҪԪأҪöЩԪؽȥҪڷĹġ
мȱһɣ
ãҶģȻһʱ֮Ҳ޷
ΪʲôòķʽѣȻǸʱҪӳҶҵߣ۹
ҪǱ֪ƻẹգΪҳߣҪѳǽҲٵ
ڴҶңã
ԹҼϵĴҪչ˵ͨˣԽǽȱڣ޶ħͨ˺٣ٶһ㣬Ҫչ˵ĲǺܶࡣ
ȻĻ˵֮ǰͻкܴ⣬ͨô·Ὺʼۣ
Ȼˣħʦ˵ֻͨ˺һ㣬֧֣
Ҳһص⣬Ҫ뿪׷ΧкԶ·Ҫߣ˵ӳʳǾͽˣҪӳյ۹Χſԡ
עˣΧǹ磬յ۹ӰܱߺܶҪȸ۹Ӱ췶ΧǰȫҲǾԵģ
֮ܶһ仰·أ
Ҷ˵˳˳ǽ֮󣬾Ϳо߸һǴҶԤϵõģôĶǻܷӦǾĲΪʳǵĳ
ҲţϹĳЩ׷ŵ׷Ҷ˰ĳǽƻˣԭҪڳս׼
ҶˣôͣˣС̵ôע⵽Ҷ˵쳣
ڳ˳ǽ֮Ҷ˾Ϳߵľӣûٶˣ
ܵܣʲôҶʵ
ҪƥȻѲЩ׷ҶüЩԼ뵽⡣
ֻ֪ʱȥŪܰɣҶε
Ҷҡҡͷ˵УӦȥǸڱ˵ǰǻлڣ˵ȺǴ׷Ǹʱ鷳͸ˣ
Ҷ˳ĬϾ׹ֻҪ΢侲һ£Ҳ뵽
ǺڣŪһҷɴзɴĻǾͿԲˣҶеڵ˵ȴ˵ʲôʲôɴ
ôŪҶֱʵ
Ҳ밡ûƺãҲûвȥʵ֣ɱ̫ˣҶҡҡͷε˵
Ҳ˵ɱߵĻǾͲҪˣҶֱӵ˵
ҶܼӵǰɱܸߵĶӵȻ˵ɱ̫ߣǾһߵĿֲҲҶҶܸ㶨
汿ĺڰǰӦòÿǳɱҶҵǮ⣬ҲûǵķˣҶһϧӣضš

ģҶڵ۹һУȴòҶҵȫҶЦЦеص˵ҪӣԺٸҶˡ
ҶˣȴֺܾĲ²һ㣺֪ˣһ׼һЩ˲֪ĲƲǲ˵ڻԼܼң̫ˣһΪûϷˣûúðˣ

ʲôʱˣ㻹ֻ뵽ܼң
СӰܼҲܵú˼ҪǿЩ߰Ķξͻ鷳ܶ࣬벻˵ܵ
ߣϰ֣үүүȥ˸ں΢Զһ㣬ţһ㣡Ҷûйܴҵֱһߵĳ
ܣûʹöˣܵٶȴܿ죬ȴһֲĴûЩ߿졣

ҶҶҡҡͷȥתŶʼ׷ϡ

ʱ򣬴Ҳŷ֣ҶܵòʼҶˣ
Ȼ˵ʱҶ˲ûʹߵĶǵٶȾһҲ׷ϵģҪ˵Ҷûʹõġ
һ̫ˣڻ⣬ҶԴҲûϸʣҪʵĻҲȣкܶҪȥʡ
Сôôֵ벻ͨҲ벻͸


113 Ҫ𣿣3
үʶԶȻҪ
Щ㲻Ҷ˵ΪʲôʱҶ˾һѲ֪Ūǿζʮĺš

ҿΧǣСӸ㲻״Ū飿
У
ٺ٣ҪҾͳȫǣҶóһĶҲ֪װʲôֱ˹ȥ
ӡ
һʼЩ뷨ȶ㿪˭֪ҶеĶпǺܱ̬Ķ
ǣһᣬҷǶûκεķӦڵת˼Ȧ֮󣬱ͣ
ʲô˶ע棬ȴûнӽž롣
Ҷ΢΢һЦҪľЧһֻڿпٻһСȻǸӡȥ
ϰ֣үүۣ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˸ʲôҶ˻̱۾ڱ֮󣬸еԼǰƺǿҵĹ


һ˲䣬ҽ𣬳Ҷ˵Ķ䣬ڵȴҶ˵ĻǷ۾
ˣˣ
Ҷ˵𣬵Ҷ۾ʱ򣬷ǰĳ۾ʹӣе˻ϣеѾˤ˵ϣ
ԣҶ˸ոӳĶһⵯôⵯЩŵˣֻ˵ûϹѾܺˣʧǾԵġ
˻֣ȻⵯƥҲһ꣬ûˣ
ˣƥǾԲģΪǽ۾סη壡
ЩˣΪС̵ѣҲûˣСڿǶʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ҶҪʲô
ⶫҶ׼õģҪǴεĲŮ˫ŪĿĻҲϷŪ֪Ĺá
ڵͺðˣҶҶܿͽȺϹӡ˵İ취ÿһƥ
ҪÿƥҶ˸ֹˣΪҶа취ҲûбҪˣ
Ǹ
˶׼񱼵ʱҶһͣûж
Ҷˣôˣǲ뵽ʲôѵİ취ҶϣҶЩڴʵ
͵˶һЩڴʱڴҶ˾ϲ취ʱҶȴ˵һ˲ˤĻ
ǸҡҶץͷܲ˼˵

˵Ͷģе㲻ԼĻǰСӿƺʲôᣬȻĶᡣ
Ҫ֪½Ĵʽ˭һǧС㣬Ҳһһ㣡
ʲôûô˧𣿡Ҷͷһܡ߰˵
ӣ㵽˵ģڿЦĲ𣿡ҶȻһҶ˸߰Դȴ֪ʱûʱ䡣
ĲᰡʱһܿЦ𣿡ҶʼЩε˵ǵһ㣬ϾС
һ𣡡ͬʱҶ꣬С߹һ˵
ѡͨ˵ǺҸģഺŮҪͬһ˭ҸҸ֮󣬾ͻѡʹ࣬ѡ˭أ
ѡһͻ᲻Ҳֻѡһôأ
Щܶ˶ͷʹ⣬ҶȴͷۣΪܸɴһͬʣѡ
ҪҲţһϰ֣ϰ֣ӱ¶Ϻ󣡡ҶҶϣš
ûǵ
ιιӣŸҪǵȥô죿Ҷü
ģǲ᱿ȥϺ󣬹۲档ǰĿߣǶϺ󣡡Ҷν˵
µ֮·ԴҲûټˣʼ
ݣ
һ˫һУ֮ǿ񱼶ȥ
һȺ˲񱼶ȥȻ׷źܶ˾ĽͨߣҲ׷γɰΧ
ӣΪʲôڿ֮УҶ컹̲סʵܽһ£ǴǧսĽԼĶӾȻԼҪ飡
ʲôΪʲôҴûлȻͲˣҶ˺ܲػصóԶȥ۲׷
ûлᡪ
ͻȻҶ˴СҪôͣҪôԼ·Ȼûлȥ
һҪԭҶǰʱǱԸ˭ȥ椾ʹ
Ҷ˺ˣԺģһʱԺһ£ǲϾ͡
ͬʱΪһܼӣΪʲôҪԼȻҪˣʺԼܼӵݡ
ˣҶ˺Ժ˵ҾҪܵģԲ


114 ʿ1
ˣԺѧѧ˵ʵҲֻһӵ顣ҶЩҲܹ˭
ҲûʱȥܲʱҪҶȥѧҶҲбҪȥѧҪ˼빤ĻǹƵҲһɹ
ʱ˵ˣ㣬һ㣡裬̣Ҳһ£Ҷ˷Զ˵
ʲô£Ҷ걾Ҷ˲ԶܿͿλãҲܿ쵽
̣ħںŪһƬˮͽ㣬ǰˮסԽԽãǵòҪҶ˵
һ˵Ҷ˼Ҫñ棬׷ճɻң谭ǵ׷
취Ȼܼ򵥣ȴʵã
ֻǣҶȴе㲻⣺ΪʲôҪǿֱӱصġ
ҪȻһŪ˶٣㣡Ҷ˺ܲ˵
˵ұĲ㣡ҶСȭͷв
Ҳ˵Ҷ˺ǵѡ˳Ĭ
ߣ
Ҷںһ󣬱̺ĵش⣬Ҷ˵ָʾ֮󣬱һζεĳα⣬һξһ£еҪҪխģҪһһġ
Ҫúĸ㲻壬ͿԸõʱ䣬ã
취Чú׷ûа취׷ĴضҪܳʱ䣬ֻûϵħ·֮󣬵úʪҲɺܴ鷳
֮Ҷ˵ͽЩ˦Ͼյ۹ĵ̣׷ûˣǰȴȺĴ󲿶ӡ
ҪǱ赲һ£ֻ׷ԣҶ˵Ҳһ鷳ľأҪһѡ
ĻĿ̫ˣǷɢ룬ȸ۹ĽлͣҶ
ǺãֻǣĻǵҲͻᱻˣҲӲ룡Ҷ˶Դе㱣
˵ֻҶЩֵĻǷɢõѡ񣬵ڵȴлһЩʵǿˣͨˣɢĻԿ϶ᱻץסһСϡ
Ȼ˵ʱҪ׳ʿϱ۵ѡΪ˱ȫ󲿷˵ˣһСˣʱ򣬻Ҫ
˵ǸôأҶʵҶˣڳˣڶһģԴԼȫ뿪һ·һܺõ֤
ȻҲڵģҶһԺһ£ҺҶ˻ûڴǰԺļ¼ţ
ܣʱ˶Ҳһֺô֪ǵȥ򣡡ҶЦ˵
֪ȥ򻹽к£˶⣬ôһ¡
ֻ֪ȥѣֲ֪һôߣлὫȫ˦ںģҶЦ˵
Ҷ˵ĻڳһЩˣЩ˶о̶ǺУҲıԼңֻҪܵǣóһ׷
ôأҶҲ΢Цţ΢ЦȴҶ˵Ĳͬ΢Цһο
֪Ҷ˺ܸɴ˵
֪ʲô˼Ҷסˣոο΢ЦҲʧˡ
ûʲô˼Ҳ֪Щ飬ãҶڵ۹ľӲö죬ûŶԲߣҶҧС̵ĸ㣬ܲε˵
˶ʱ
治֪˵Сʲôźãʱˣʲô֪Ҳԣ鵹Ǻ˼Գ˵ϡ
ʵϣҶҲûа취飬ЩϤ·֪ôԸ෴ڳЩˣ϶ǵ۹ȨԵ۹һжָơ
֪֪ˣսʤ˭ף
ʵҲҪǵʱˣôˣѵֻҶһ𣿡ҶԼĶӣϣһţϣԼĶÿ˶Ź˵Ĳܡ
ʱҲǼǱܵʱ򣬾ҪһҲãֻҪǳɳˣҲֵˣ
ʮոң뵽һЩƲߣֻҪõĺãǿ˳ĹأҶҵˡ
ҶǾ·Ĺţüı£Ҳִյ۹һŵĽʮꡣ
˵˵Ҷ˵˵
ȡҶʼ˵ļƲߣ֮Ҷ˸ǾԼľȷģҪԼĻͷԣ벻ļƲߡ
̶̵ʱļƲߣȷһţ
ЩƲߣۣڵ۹һЩõ۹ӰԼ
Ϣٿ죬Ҳлڼ䣬ҲԻʱ򣬴ӶﵽһЩĿģɸһļƻ


115 ʿ2
ƻ֮⣬֮УҶкܴĹͣȻа취þһֱϵĿ񱼣ҪԭٶȣЩѸű߽ȥ
ʲô취Ҷܺ棬ֻҶÿƥιһССҩ裬ͿԿ񱼺ܳһʱ䣬Ȼιܣ
˷ܼ֪𣿲Ӧ˵ǿΪһʿûҩǲ̫ˣ
ֻǣЩڶҩ֮󣬹ƶһ
һȺ׷ô죬û׷ϲ˵ԽԽԶЩ죬Ƣһֱܲãܶ˶ˡ
ʱѾ˳ĳΪŮʣִ´ȨмһЩѪֶΣЩͨԶ޷֪
ȫ£֪һȺ˼ˣûпܵı˻ʵۣı˻ʵۣž֣Щ˵УȻǽΧˣɱۣ
Ȼܶ˶뵽Լλû˸˵ѾŮˣҪ췴Ǿֻġ
𣿡ߵЩ֣ΪʲôŮǽЩ˵
ʲô취ʲôۣˣߵţߵһŮ˵ģõ
ҿԣһԣŮͷŵ˵
УҪʲô˵һһУῴŮԿɳԺĻԻͣͬʱҲŮĺڰ
ǣУͳƣҧҧһС¡
ƣѵ˵

磬ҶľϽˮ಻Ҷ˿磬˫ˮģһݵӡ
ʱһûԼǱҶͬһƥûе˫ֱҶСȻڣһҲ񱻴׷ӡ
ȥȥûͣӻ֣һûӣü֮俴еҶ˳ݵĿ⡣
յ۹ı߾յ۹ľӣʮ֮ǵĹȥ滹кֻܶǸûϣ׷Ҷ˵ˡ
ʱҶ˵һֱĿŵڵ۹ڴ󣬲ȴһС˽Ӷõ۹ľܹܹȥ
İţҲõ۹ȫǣűߣԼ˶ԼǲΧ˱ˡ
˵ƺ򵥣ʵȴҲôףҺЩ˶Ǿ֣˳ɡ
ºרоεս˽˵ҪԣоǳʤҪԣ
˽棬κܴһֿյ۹ľ©ɼƲߣ֪Щ©ûа취߻Щ
ʤֻԴҪ֮⣬ҲҪԼҲ⣬ȻֻзЧ
һļƲ֮Ҷ˵˳ɹԽ˵۹ķߣߣһм©߽ľӵǺ棬Ⱦӷ֮ѾΪʱˡ
߾ľӣҶ˵˴ϰ벻ȴɵĽˣ
ԣʱҶ˾ͺԼĳ֮⣬۷ŵ硭
Цˣڻܷɣ׷ĻǾٲľأǸʱǾͺϣˣҶѵ
ʱǰյ۹ľӣҪǱΧмĻǾʵǿҲֻ·һ
Ǳ߾ľǻʳǵļֹҲûлʳЩϰƣǾǾӣһУ
ҪǱסĻǾȫ켶֣Ҳȫˣοֻ켶֣
ϣҪʲô⣡
ֻǣʱǲ˵ԸȻ˵Ůһֱ谮ҶˣҶ˳ԵСͷ
Ǹϰ֣үүǲǿˣҿЩƺӦóֵġҶ˻ͷգոյЦ
Ҷ˵ת䣬Ҷ˿ʼ˳Ҷ˵߿ȥ
ڿҶ˵ģӦóֵĶ֮ǵɫúܳأͬʱžȣԣЩĳ֣Ǻ⣡
ǰɣҲˣҲ̫˰ɣҶЦ
ǰʮǰȸ۹սۣҲûгǲһСȺ˶ѣбҪ𣿡Щŭ˵Щĳ֣ƻʧܡ
ϾҪʤʱȴת䣬˭еˬ
ǿʲôһЩȽϲģΪħʦҶֻ꣬ܿһЩڵ㣬ͺһġ
ʿҶ˵һúܶ˶еĴ𰸡


116 ʿ3
Щڵ㣬Ȼʿ˵еı֣۹սҲһսռ֣ھȻˣ
ÿ۹ٶʿħʦҲߣʿûгΪʿ
Ȼˣ۹ʿʿҪܶ࣬Щ⡣
ʿ֮ԻΪռ֣Ϊܿս⣬ǿԷһеϢϢ֮£Ǿ֣Ҳѵֵ
Ȼ˵Ǵ˵еģȻΪʿϡ٣Ϊǵǣѱĸ֮٣
ͬʱʿµ֮࣬Уֻ͵ȵģûͶ壬ֻмʿǿԻûˣ
⼸ʿʿ֮е߲㣬׵ĳ֣
һζԸҶ˵ˣʿѾǺܿˣ߲㣬Ӧǲˡ
̬Ůˣʲô¶óҲЩʿˣҶ˫üƺЩʲôҪʲô
ûʿ׷ǣһþҪǵʱҲҶɵ˵
Ȼʿȴ£˵һµģûк׷ŵĴʿĻ¹˭ֻ˵
ʿǿı֣Ҷ켶ڣҶ켸ӽ켶ĸ֣˫ʿֵ̫ıˡ
Ҫˣ켶ҲǴ˵еĴڣǿߣսʿȻҲڻ¡
ʿ֮ԻΪռִ֣սһһԱһЩǿ˸ٵͬʱҲһսȥһЩСҪġ
ʿҲһ֮ԲҪԭҲΪҲҪʧκһʿùҵʵ½
˵ʿ⵹ҲǣȥԸһĸ֣ҲһʧģֻǶԸ켶֣Ҫؿˡ
켶ĸ֣ûͬȼĸԸʿ
һûг켶֣ΪŸո̨켶ЩȺܿƣҶҲߣû˻
ʿͲһˣǾô˵ҲãҲھӣǿԱһȺˣ
ǲսģֻǰú׷ǰΧȻ󡭡Ǿֻ־ܣߣ˵һͷʹ顣
µֻˡҶüǳص˵
ôʲô취𣿡ҶҶˣеɻ󣬸еڴ
ߣ£Ҷ˵һ䣬ͬʱҶȵڵϣֵǳϵƯ
˵ʲôҪɵ£ҶͣѾ˦ºܶҶˡ
ҶǶû˵͵תͷҪصҶߣ
ߣңа취úĴֹͣŲЩʿҲͺˣҶóһڵϿʼͼ

ƺҶ˵һڴǰڵϻ󣬲֮ҲǵһοԣҪʹһִûм
׼ĳ̶˵ҲһС
Ҳô΢һ㣬ϣ֮ϣֻǣԸ֮ܽЩӸ赲
ߣûУҲᱻʱ򣬻𣿡Ҷ˳ͺȣ̵ʱܳʮ֮⣡
ʮ֮⣿Ҳ˵ӰķΧзԲʮҲƺ̫һ㣬ٶһ˵̫ˣ
ܵܣҶͣҶˡ
㣬ģҲµģһ˵ĻȫҶ΢Ц˵Ҷ꣬Զ׶
һ˻ȫ仰ڳûһ˲ţ㲻Щӵǰʧ٣ȫҲۼļ¼Ҳ֤ҪҪӵĻû˿ץõ
Ҫ׷УǵչԼҶ궣
֪ˣһܿ׷ģҶ˼ԽԽӣҲԽԽ˾ء
ûʱ䣬Сʿϸоѧϰ
Ҷˣ㲻㻹ҪĲˣһ㶼ҪӣС˵Ϊʿ˽һ֣Ҳൣһ֡
ϵһ˷еֵô׼ĺֺ֣ܳܳҪ£׼Ҷֻ׼һģͲܡ
СҶˣа취Դ漣ȻͲôɴ뿪


117 ǧ1
ߣңС̣Ҷ˾ͺܲˣ뵱ֱӰϳȥôᡣ
ҶͬʱţŵĻôое֣ԼҪԼţôںԼҪķˣһҪһӶӣ
⵽ô£
Ҷе벻ͨڵûʱȥЩԺܿһߡ
Сߣô˵߹ʱû˵ĬĬ뿪Ҷ˷ϰˡ
˵ʲô˵Ҫ㣬Ӧ𣿡߹ͷĵ˵
㻹ǲҪ˵ˣҶֱӻص

˻Ҷˣһڵϻ󣬶ٶźȥҪ̵ʱʮ֮⣬ҶҪģҲΨһ顣
ʮ֮⣬˶ͬʱͷҶˣֻڵĵ֮ϣһֱжʮҵ֮УдСһ
֮УڸͬĵطŲͬħʯҲ󾭳õĶԸõĴ߷
ضˣ
ͬʱĴѾҶ˵ǰԭ֮ľҲʮѣֻǲûпҶˣ֮൱Զľ롣
ˮһҶʯͷΧм䣬ȻϵҲˮһǰ׷
һʿһеʿǾԲǵ飬㲻֪Ҷ˭׷Ҳ῿ֺο֪ġ
ʮ٣þòˣ㻹־ܰɡǻᱣ֤İȫŮʶģ
⣬֮УȻҶ˵ˣǶҶ˺ˣֻҶȴ֪˭
⻰˼ǲҶ˱ɱһֹһˣҶ˵ԵĲ
ʵϣһҶ˱ץסҲ£кܶ˱Ǻܶ˰벻飬뵽Ҷ˾Ȼôߵ֧ʣôάѾȨƣܷ˴
ǣҲǸ̬Ůˣʲô¶óˣҲ뷶ΧˣǾͲ˼ˣǴһЩʱ򣡡Ҷ˵֮˫ְڵϡ
Ҷ˵˫ֿʼ⣬֮ҲʼҶ˵˫Ϊģˮһʽ
󣬵ʱ򣬹߾Ȼ͸ܹչͺڻһضһ͵󣬶ҲⷽԲʮʿ

ʲô
ʿǿʼЩˣǴûм󣬶ڿʱ򣬺Ȼһֿ־壬Լ֮С
𣡡
Ҷ˵һϺ֮£âˣҲôˡ
ǿ֮󣬴ؿʼ𶯣ȻһǽһѴӵ𡭡


ʿǱͻȻǽŪǾúµǣǽ֮󣬿ܻ鷢ٲĿֲԨ
ֻǣ£Щǽ֮󣬾Ҳûκε鷢˵еĻЩ滹ڼǽ
ֻƾҶһ˵Ҳֻˡ
ˣҲҶ˵ʵеԸ˵Ӱ쵽Բʮĵ棬˾ÿµģ
ѵ˵ҶޣûзӳҪĶ
ǣԲǣԲԼʵԼΧ飡
Ҫľ
󣬲һ󣬻б󣡣
õʿֿʼ׷ˣǵ뷨ҪȥķЩǽ֮дУµľƹȥ
ȻһֱߣһֱߣȴôҲ߲
뵽Ҷ˵ЩڽԹֱǽֻǣǽ֮ȴԼһأһԶ߲أ
⵽ʲôƺеǸŹüʮ޲ߵǸ
ûŶݼе󷨣ǰֻǽסûɱһ󷨣
ˣҶ˲һʿͰŶݼ׻ϵҲ˵ǰϵŶݼ档
ı䣬ֱӳֳ
ͬʱһôܸõĿһ󷨣ⰴԼ˼ı󷨣ȻҪһǰᣬһ㱾Ҫʵȥǰᣡ
Ҷ˾ģ󷨣ͬʱҲ۲ƻһɵ׷Ӵ飬ܻһµĴ棬һ֮סʮӦãôɡ


118 ǧ2
ʲô
⣬ҶЩеЩʿûͷӬһҴܣǰȴû׷ȥҲ̫һ㡣
Ҷˣں׷ŵ׷ϷʿЩ˸ʲô
󷨵֮ˣԶ֪ĸо֪ʲôĹ۾Ǵһʲô״̬
۽ʲôʲô˶Ҳ
ҲΪһ㣬Ҳֱӽ棬ҪǳˣҲһĽ
ԽԽ࣬Ҳ˲Ծٽ棬ǸʱѾס˴롣
ƹȥʱȴ֣Լһµ󷨣ҶѾ͸ߣѾΧ
ʿڿ֮Ѿ֪Լòü׷Լ׷ĻֻҪҶӳյ۹ʵʿƷΧҲͲ׷ˣΪʿǲԽģֻ˳
ðɣ˳׷Ҷָ֮ô죿ܴù켶
ԣҪôֱӷҪôֱȥ½ǣȴҪò룿
Σһʱ벻˵ˣ
ǻȥ˾ˣֻץǣʮ˶װʧģ࣡ʿСӳ
ǣʿӦƺһ
ƺҲϣҶ˶ֻǰڻΥ
ϸĻһ֣ᷢ׷˲ϾɱҶҲһ֣Щӵս֮Уܲɱ˶ɱ
ԣⳡսƺѰζ
ΥΥȴΥ
ô˵һҶ˵˾ÿֲΪյ۹ϢҶ˾ͻΪ½Ľ㡣

˵ʲô˵Ҷһסеˣ֮ǰģкģΪŮʵᣬԾؿʿСӳ
˵֮ǰָ֮ǰ׷Ҷ˵˵Ĵϱ߾ؾ
ǵģһû󣬽˶棬תתȥȴ߲󣡲ãǰȫģֻǽסûɱʿӳػص
ˣ˼˵жˣüʵǲ֪⣬ֻһЩ֪𰸣ȴҪһΣҪӱ֤ʵһ¡
һʮˣ
ʮˣһסôţЩζ
˭ţȴʵΪǲûȥŮʱµ񡣡ʿӳ˻˵
ףûʮ˵İæǣܻˣⲻҪġ˵ĺȷԼ
ȻǷһ㣬̬һ㣬ȴһǷǷˡ
ڵ֮취ʮ˾ȳȥ֪ʲôӣ߾Ҳûκεؾ飬ҪǱ֪ҲǺ鷳飡ҲʿҪԭ
ҶסʮΪѣʮ߾ĴסκһҶҪ
ϴŻʼȥϣƽİ취ûʼʿʿǹȥ
ڵȴʱĵһ䣺Ҷǲǻ
Ӧû棬ʱǿԼм䣬Χţʿӳش
˿ԲùܣһҪץסˣҧҧҶ˺޵ҧгˡ
ǣʿӳ
κ˶ףҶ˵ļֵҪԶˣһ£һסʮӣҪɨ½ɵ顣
˵һˣֻҪһ˾㹻ˣ
˵һˣǶұܣ˭͸¶Ůʺ˵˭ҪΥ˼Ļһᱻܻˡ
ǣʿӳӦ
Ҳһ˭ףҶˣҲһܱץߣҪ÷ʽǲҪ֪¡
ãȻֵúܴ󣬵Ҷ󷨣ȴֻоӲ֪ȷʩչ󷨵ˣҲֻһСˣֻܿ²⡣
˵ҪϢҲʲô£
ΪҶ˻ܼڴ½ΣûбЩȨĿϣ
˵ʲôȻõʲô󣿡ԭôҪĻʼʿҶмʱ򣬱Ҳ
ǲʵҲΪҶˣ˭׷ɱҶˣǾԲˬ飬ǶԣҶǺģСɳĵ·ԽԽԶ
ҶˣͺǵͽܣȻҶǲһ㣬Ƕٶ뷨
ôܣΪʲôĵزѵһӶ׷𣿡ڻʼʦ֮УһŮ˫ȭգ粻
ԣҶϵ󷨣еԼҪҶվһ߶ȣҪʵһ޷ʵǵĸ߷壡



119 ǧ3
⣬⵽ʲôһ󣡡
һȺʼʿڿпʱ򣬾Ѿˣʵ档
֮ǰֻ˵˵ûпֳǵĸоһϵ״̬ھͲһˣʮ˱һ
ܿ죬Ǿϸ۲ϵ·ϣܵõ𰸣ϣҳԸĴ𰸡
ֻǣȴ޷֪ʶҵ𰸣ǶҲĻǾͱʾţǰûгֹҲ˵ǵһγ֡
һγ֣ⲻ˵Լģ
ƺе̫˼ˣ
ڻʼʿǣֻҶ˲֪﷢ֵģȻܴͣʵ޷ţ
𣿡ʿӳһʿ
ǵģ棬ڻһ˶ûгʿش
һҲûгĬţ仰׸ôȥͣҶҲûӳӦñʮ˾Ȼһûд
Ȼмʱ仹һ죬ϾķٶǼģκνͨ߶޷⣬ҲǺܶŲġ
ôʼʿʼֶԲߣô˵ҲҪȰ˾ȳ˵
ҿɢûʲôرģΪʲô֣һ˻ش
˻Ҷ˵ԵʣЩȴܲⲻԭ
ԣ⵽ʲôʼʿǣʼоʼҶ˽𽻷ˡ
֮ʹ˸ֲͬİ취н˵ģҲƻҶ˵ģָĳԡ
ԽǳԣԽǸеȣǼԿ϶Ҷ˵󷨲ǵһбʲô
ȻŪʱѾˣʮѾŲȥˣǵĶѾƣˣ
ôأѵҶ˾˸
ҾãҶŪЩǽ赲ô򵥣мУƺźĹϵŮЩ󷨣˵о
ЩԽԽйŹۣоҲԽԽ
ǾͻٵЩǽԿҶͬһ㣬Ҳ⣬ֻô
˶ţһЩǽأЧʵ޷š
ĻڽȺ֮УҲᱻ޷
ֻǣʱҲʵҲԭ򣬳ǽЩ֣Ķƽ
ʱǣѾŪҶ˵ʵǿƵλһϵ󷨣ǰıη˵Ľ
ֻǣǰûôҲܿôķΧôӵı仯
ûõģ֮ǰƻЩǽ˻һ㣬ܿ죬ֻµǽʿ˵
˵µǽŮʵ
ǵģܿͻ֣ʿͷ
ƻͲдӰĻҲᲹϣŮ˵ǣûǼϴҵ̣ȥӰĲ֣ЩǽŪʧ
ţԣʼʿǶͬһ㣬ڵϻ󣬶ǵҲСϾǲһս
ɣʼʿǣʼַҶ˵ء
䡭
ǽǽײ
һʼ˫ڼս߿ʼǿҵײҶȻѾ󣬲һһˣȴҲ֮ƴ
ⲢʵǿΪϾռ࣬ʩȽƣһʼֻǴæ֮䷢
ʵϣ֮ǰҶ׼ĻһҪƻǲܵģٲô̵ʱﱻƻ
ڣҶ˵󷨱ʿһϮЩˣҲһȳ
ֻΧмǲ֣ôҲ޷ϮȥҲŬҹ
ʱѾûȥҶЩˣֻҪץסҶˣҶڲеĹؼ
ʱѾ޵㣬ĽҶΧм䣬Ҷ˾ǲҲӣ
ȴҶҪĽԽĻҶ˾ͻԽȫ԰ȫȸ۹
ԼİȫûȥǹѾԼ׼Ϊа취ӳ죬Ͳᱻץס
ˣʱҲˣҾͲǺˣҶ˵ڳˣô֮һη
ƽһ̫ˡ


120 ݵأ1
Ҷˣ㲻Ҫֿ־ܰɣĲܣŮǲɱģʿӳ
ûĶ㲻ҲóѵģʼʿҲ͵ǾԲȰοǷĵ뷨
Ҷһ꣬ǧ꣬Ҳ궼Ĳţ
ʧأʿͬ飡
ллǵĹģǲǻȥҲΪеĹߣ绹û˿ҳΪߣҲû˿־ܣҶ˵ƽƽ֮Уȴ͸¶һֲĥİȻ֮
ˣҪˣ֮ǰҪһ£ǵȷ˲𣬿Ƶҵ󷨣
˲㲻Ǹ˲һ֮ʮ棬룬㲻Ļʮ˶ѾˣʼʿЦ˵
˭ܿҶʵҪɱˣҲһ£ס죬ȻҲɱˡ
˵Ҷ˵󷨲סˣɱ˵ĻǿܾͲʮˣϾסҪɱ˻ҪѺܶ࣡
Ȼ½˵뷨ǲ֪󷨽֮ÿһ󷨶ſӳ
ʵϣҶûбһӳ֮⣬ΪһֱڸıţȻʮܻ˵Ľš
ȻǿˣӦĴмӦңҶ˵ڳЩʿ춼úΪ顣
ǱҶ棬ҪҶ飬ٻڰΧҶˣҪץסҶˣǸеΪ飡
˵һ飬Ҫˣ
䣡
䣡

Ҷ仰֮ĵشǽʼĵشˣڿ˳·ĸоƴǴ־ĵط
һӣĴܣĵشǡӴܡˣ
뵽Ҷ˿ܾͻУŻߣ
ȫվԭأҪңʿӳȵ
Щ˲ǾˣԺܿƽܴСľļ飬˭֪Ҷ˵㱻ţҲһܿó
ԣҪСģϸҼҲҪСĵĿţ
ǻ˺ܳܳʱȥ飬ȻĵشҲˣȷû֮󣬾͸Сˡ
ΪҶѾ棬ģ
ȻʵȴǣϸоĻʼʿǷ֣ĸиǽŵĵͨ
Ҷʹͨˣ
ôʱ䣬ѾҶ㹻ʱ䣬ھ򡱳һͨԴΧ֮У׵ӳ죡
ͷʹҲ벻Ҷ˻һУ
Դˣֻҡͷ̾Ϣ֪ԼҲץסҶˣһ˵ָôȥץ
ҶЩˣڶȥôˣѾ뿪յ۹Χ
º󣬻ʼʿǶû뿪оҶ˵󷨣ȻǺȴǶҲõһЩô
Ӵ֮󣬱㱻ӱ˵Ƚ룬ö֮⸽Ȼγһ͵ĳУ˶û뵽ġ
ȻҶ󷨣ҲΪһ棬Ϊյ۹һżӦõ˵յ۹Ӧ˵½

ͳͳǷץסĻܴܴ󣬵ȴҲûκεİ취
Ҫܶ飬ҪȨȹԣҶҲֻʱգֻʱĶѣ
Ҷˣһ죬ҵУ

ѾȥˣΪʲôܻܵû׷ǲˣҶ꿴ź󷽣ϣҶ˵Ӱܳ߷Χ
ΪҶ˻£ΪҶˣҶûж˵ûµĻᵣģ˵ͻ
ҲֻҶˣ߹С̻е㵣ģҶ˻ʲô⣬һֹ̫ۡ
ϾҶһ˶ԸʮĴʵʲô취ԶԸġ
˵ˣһȥ죬ûйҶ˵κϢ˸о
ǲ֪ڹҶ˵һϢˣǵȻǵòκεϢ֪ҶѾӳ졣
֪µĻһᵣһ£ǾҶ˻᲻·᲻Լ͵顣
˭֪Ҷһ飬ðȫʱпܾͻԺܣʱҪ˵յ۹˷֣˵ܲҵȷ·Ҳһ⣬Ҳ߹ĵ顣
˵ʱҶյ۹ȥɾ·
ʵأ


121 ݵأ2
ã㣬ʲôطҶںɻԼڵĵطʲôطΪʲôͼûأ
Сֵܣάǣǲ·ˣǺĵػص
ﲻжάǣӦҪȥϷҶ˿ŵͼҵάǣԼҪĿĿνԯޡ
·ˣ·̣ôԶôûз㿴Ǹˣе㵣ĵؿҶˡ
֪Ҷڶˣ±˷ҵ٣ҶҡҡͷʵؽԼڵһЩ
ˣ˭ֵʵ
ڶ㡭ܸ㣬ͻй©ҵݣҶҡͷ˵һȻͷˣȥ쵽ȸ۹
Ҷ˵ķ֮ĻеģȻһ㣡
ҶڵͼѰͼʵСֵܣҪȥȸ۹ĸطңҰң
Ҷ˵ĶͻȻͣΪһص⣬Ǿ֪Ҫȥȸ۹֪Ӧȥϡ
Ҷ˵ȥȸ۹ȴһֱû˵ȥʲôط
Ҳû˵ȥֻ˵ȥȸ۹ô죿ѵȥһط
Ҷڷȥźãľȥһʱ˵ˣ
ʵϣǰĻֻҪҶ˽ȸ۹ȻǿƣϾͻڸ򵥣ֻҪݣϾͻ˰ã͹ȥ˻ϡ
ȥɣҶʵ
ĻľǺϦǣǿȸ۹ĳУҰ㻭·ߣ㲻ҪߴˡĴóһѱʣҶ˵ĵͼϻһߡ
ֱʱǺŵģīˮڹȥһʱ֮󣬻Զʧ
Ŷ֪ˣлл㣡Ҷ˵ллȻ˳·ͼ
ȵȣǴе
ôˣʲô𣿡Ҷ˻عͷɻʵ
㿴˿ҶˣеֵʵҪȥʲô⸽һ£Ҫ·ȥ
ûʱˣҪ·Ҫȥȸ۹Ҷһпӡ
Ӧ·㵽ôͼģָҶȫ෴һ·Ҷ˵ĿͼǺ档
ҶŵͼȻŴ˵
˿Ҷеĵͼһܺ棬µػһ䣺Сֵܣϰ߷ſͼ
ûҶеĵͼ÷ˣ
÷ˣֲȫ෴·Щ˵
ˣ԰ָϣ򱱵𣿡Ҷɻʵ
˭˵ָָģָϵģǰûпͼ𣿡û˵
Ҷͷ˵ûǱ˿ģҲǵһγԶš
ոҪ˵ԼϵĵͼͼϰԱָ룬½ĵͼȴոպ෴Ǳָ롣
Ҷ˴С󣬶ź򣬸ûлӴĵͼңҲٳԶţȥҲ˴š
Ȼһү㲻֪ѵûͼϵЩֶǵŵ𣿡Ѿڲ²ҶֹүŵͣһҳߣʲôðյϷ
½ܶүϲðϷҲǺܳ˵Ҷ˵ҲǺ⡣
ҿ˰ϰϱϣԾ͵˰Ҷ˻ش
Ѿû˵ˣүѵͲ룬Լ÷
ˣһԺܿ쵽ȸ۹Ҷ˵ͼ˿Ȼһߣֻǡ
һ㻹ܴˣץס߾ҶˣȻ˵ͼҲ˷򣬵Ȼƫ
ƫ·ԽԽԶͻԽԽ󣬶Ҷ߷ܵ۹
Ҷ˵ļ¼ȷҲ֪ʲôëʱ˿ȷһһƫ
ˣȥֱȥ֮ǰ뱣һߣ鷳Ҷüƺһţľ
ȵȣץҶһֱûзſҶ˾ܶûܿ
ôˣҲģҶڻǮеģҶ˺Ժ˵
Ĭһᣬү˵֪ǮУܼ͵ġ
ԭ㲢ôϲĴүҶȴôᣬеϲҶ˸һֺеĸоͺԼСһ
㲻صȥұˣ˵ȥĶԣֻҪȸ۹˰ɡʵ
΢ЦſҶˣ뵽һ취


122 ݵأ3
Ҷ˵ͷǰһģҲ֪ȥ
͸һҪȥȸ۹Ļǡ˵
ʱҶڵĻһֹҶˣҪİߣᱻߵġ
ǶڣҶ˾ͺܸɴصͷ˵õģã
Ҷ˾ͱİĴߡˡ
Ҷ˸һõ꣬žƵļͽͻȻ˹Ҷ˾񿴵һֻ׵ķһúܹŹֵ˵
Ͻ㣬ϰ𣿡
Σ˺뵽һ£һ֣
ǣòǻ˰ɣҪǮҿԸǣľ̸Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵Լĵĸܡ
㣬ҲϽĬȻںڵضǼͽ⼸˵û²ҪȾƣҪɻأǮƣ֣УסҸոʶһСֵܣҪһͬȥǣʲôϰ壡
˼СֵܣҵЩ¶УҪᣬǶǺӶϽæҶ˽ͣѾˡ
ǰҿŴһ幫ӣôͲϰ塭ȿȣھȥϰ塭Ǽ˷Ͻ˫֮еŭϾͽŵĨˡ
ԭǶӶ˱ˣ³֮ҲһӶ𡣡ҶˣԭӶģþһҪȥǡ
Ϲ˵ֻǴһߣҪӶ𣡡ϽæͣɲҶԼĶ
ĻҶ˵Ļشʲôźܶ˶֪Ǿǡ
ܻǮʱҾԲ᲻Ǯһܼӣ㲻øʡǮҶ˹Ȼǲϣܼӵ־
ϽȻǼٵİܼӣܼҰֱܵ׳ģǵһ
ôϰ壬õһŷʲôסˣǾóүеǮҶƺҪɴѶǮȫ⣬ó׵׵ġ
ڵҶңѾûˣֻҪԼǮͳ޷Ϳΰ롪ܼҰܵҵ磡
ϽͻȻԼΪʲôСӻУʱſɶ顣
Ҷ˵İܼҹ֮£ǸһŷķλˣĸԸλΪõĺô
ϰ壬ڡҶ˵һͶ˵ĻÿڣȻһ߲ԡ
Ͻ㣬ĴүģǮг𣿡Ӷʼֹˡ
г𣿲ŲǣӦ˵ûаǮϣȫֽãһӶǴ׵ݵ
ǰϽ㣬ҪһӶ𣬷㲻յĻҲᱻ⡣˱ˣǣ
ͬ⣡
飡

˵ӶҪľŵҼȻ˵˲ӶǾͲգϽǹϵ˵ΪӶӶְҵ£Ȼֻһ֪СӶţҲԭġ
ʵϣҲںڣΪʲô˵Ǿ仰ȻͿõһʷӶ𣬿һȱҪࡣ
ϧʵ̫ϧˡһȺҡͷ̾Ϣ׳ۡ
Ҳϧһ·ʳסвõģѾˣϽ˵
⵹Ҳǣүȫˣһõġ˵ͷ͵
ǾǣҪ㣡Ͻѵ
Ͻ㣬ˣԵЩ˼ζȴûгԵ֮иóԵҧƺԳԲҶ˵Ķܲˬ
˶֪ҶȻˣԼȴЩȫǳԼЩʳҳԵЩˣֻһϽ㣬һǰҫ
ҶҲܡ󷽡ķһ㣬ȴֻһ㣬Ʒһ£ȫǳԣ
ЩʳҶ˿ǺܱģСֻ̿һģԼԡ
ȻᣬСڲǺһˣûȥѵǾ˵ԺǿԼԡ
ʵϣҶѾһ㣬С̶ʱﲻܸԵģ͸ϧġ
صΪԼĶȻҪϧ⣬ܸ˷Ȼˣͻܲ
ȷС֪Ҷ˰ΪĶָ˱ˣһƢ
ҪԣԼҿ԰ԲܳҸģ
С̵Ļǰʱ򣬻ԺʱֻҪ֪ҶԼĶ˳ԣҶ˷Ƣ˵Ļ
ⲢС̫Ҷˣ
ҶȻһ㣬Ҳ̤ȥȸ۹·ҶˣҲһȸ۹
˵ĿȻȸ۹˽ĿȴССʱϵģҶ˵Ŀĵġ
˵˶Ǿֻ˵һɺϣǳɺϵɺϣ


123 ̸У1
ȸ۹м䣬һش۹Ӱ첻һмֲźܶһһС
νһһָСֻһУȴŴأ˵ֻеһе
Щ½Ƚϳ½ĹֻһץһѣȫֵǮȿȣԶԡ
ļз֮УźôҲŻ
ôΪӵӰ죬û˶Ƕ֣һֱܰȫͬʱҲԴ棬ӶõһЩô
ǣԶᱻз֮Уµķչڽϣǧ궼仯
м䣬һ֪СôСеһ
˵֪ĺ֪ܲԼҵĹ񣬴󲿷Ҳ֪ԼСʲô֡
ֻ֪ʮ˹һԱҶֱӳԼΪʮ˹ˡ
ʮ˹һͬ˹֯һͿȺȺ½һ
ͬѾǧʷö֮Ҷϰͳһ֮Ϊʮ˹˳Ա֣ԼҲԼ
Сʲôˣȴ֪нʲôΪеر𣬽ųǣ
ţ
ҪʵУˣ˵һСåϲľƣԾͽ֣˷ԣֱӽΪŹ
ȻˣֻǴ˵ȥôˣҶѾ֪ǲģһ˵
Ǵ˵ʵСҲǲģֻܶһͣҴҶ
һΣòһȺͣҴҶ
Ⱥе⣬ûһǼ򵥵ĽɫȻе糾͵ӣɢʣ˾ǲͨˡ
ƽʱʱһ˳ѾǺϡˣȴô࣬˾ʵе㲻״
ȻˣҲֻһָоһҲ⣬Ⱥ֮Уе˧䣬Ů߹󣬾ͨҲܿȺ˲һ㡣
Ⱥ˲ǱˣҶˣǾһµʱ䣬мҲС鷳ԲŻ˱Ҫһʱ䡣
ҲΪŲƺҪҶ׷ֻҶȴһֱû׷ϣ
ǶԼеţ˵̫˽յ۹֣֪ڳյ۹֮ʵԼҲǰȫˣڱס
֮󣬾ȸ۹ΧǻϾͿ԰ǣҶ쿴ǰ˼˵
Ҹطһ£Ҹôõ·Ҳˣһ뷨Խǽӽȸ۹ԽǺ¡
ֺ£ֻصңȴֲҽŵĺ£
ѾôˣһֱûлؼҹҲûԼĸĸ˼棬ҪЩȻͻе㲻Ӧ
̾һȻվһҶ꣬ҲǺһĶĸŮı鶯һһ
С꣬ôˣǲܵˡףҶҶģûˡ
ǰһˣһϢûУ˵ܵǲǱץȥˣҶЩǵʵȻҶˣҲ룬ŮӣӦ˵˵ԡ
ץȥҲû£ڵŮʴˣӦһ㡣Ҷĵ˵ֻҪû£һа취ӳӹɵģ
ҲӲǵģò֪᲻ᷢ񾭣˺µ飡߹ǵģãѾȫİˣǰ֪Ǹɵİá
ʵӦʮƽʱԺģؼʱԲẬǰһֱиокУŻὫӸԼȷкУһסʮҶҶ˵ۺܸߣƺҲʵ
ǰʮˣһסҶףǸ󵽵ʲôôҶ컹ڸдʱΣ顣
ԺͿԣڻǵ飬ȸ۹֮ǸôȥӦȸˣȸһ£ǡҶڰ˵
˭֪Ҷȥͻ£ǣΪʵǷǴҪġ
ҲҪɱǵҪԭΪԼЩˣͷۣ
κ˶һɻٵǣҲǳΪΪԼĵˣ


124 ̸У2
Ҫú룬ԺúȥδӡҶ˿ʼüһӽձúѹ֡
ʣҶҶ𣿡ͻȻиð˳Ҷ
Ҷ˿ˣƺȶԷϳԼΪһ·ҲûݣֻҪ˾ܿ
ûҾǣҶصȻˣҪǲ˵ԤϵǼ¡
һ·Ѿкܶ˶֦ӳյ۹Χʼһֱ˿ʼʣǲǿԼǵӪ
ÿһͻһЩһ¡
Ǵʮ˹ģ˵Ҫ͸λ̸飬֮пܺ飡
ȻϣһҪ£Ҷ˵
ǼȻ֪ǵݣҲӦ֪ǵĿǰǲκεҶܸɴؾܾллǵĺ⣬ϣԺкĻᣡ
ȵȣҶǻ֪ﲢǵɶɵһͬˣĲκһǲģæ˵
ʮ˹ȷһ棬ѹҵλãֻǡ
һȴʮƺ㣡߸翪ڵɩ棬Աܹǳ䣬ɱ֣ǶˣѾ͡
ﲻò˵һ߸磬ҶߣȻһְֱ飬˾ʵһǿȴ֪һŵĸ֣ʵ˵
Ҷһ֮УŵǰλãҶһˣҶ⣬һĸ֡
ӹ֮˾յҶҵϢ֪ʼĩѡֱӳҶ˹ȥν顣
Ҷ֮У߸ҶһϵˣȻҲԼҶңҵһ׶ѾˣʲôһԸɩΪţҲԲٻյҶң
ɩڻе㲻ţԼİþȻ飬ԣڿ߹֮Ǹдǵ˵ģ
Ǳ֤֮еκһûȨ£Ǹ񣡡Ͻ͵
Ŷƺ߸˵Щ̸УһֱЩ顣
˿˿ܣȻǹ˵ﲻ˵ĵطȤĻǿԵúõ̸̸
̸̸̸̸ҵҪǣʲô߸һӦΪˣԲŻȥ
Ȼˣֻ˵ȥ̸ҲҪ̸ҲҶ׵飬ҲûĻ
Ҷֻ˵ȥأг̣
ʲôȥأǶһȥǵ̸пҪһϡ߸˵ڻͷʱ򣬰˴ɫ
Щܿ죬ɩƺһ㡣
ȿȣǰһȥеطдǰɡһȻ˵

ʱ򣬼˶Ѿף߸Ҫôȥ׳԰סñдԼҲʡȥõ꣬ҪʡǮ
߸磬ǻ̸УǮǰͰҶ׬еڣΪʲôҪ۹ǣӦøһ㣡
סʡЩԵõһȺѵıڣǶЩ˶ǾԲУҲΪ
ðɣǶȥҶСЩΣȴϲԸ
ǺЩ˾ǰӦֻһĸۡЩǰһͨĸۡ
ҶĻ˵
СߣôôңҼҵʮ֮һûУôˣס𣿡
Ӧÿ԰ɣֻ΢ἷһ㣬ǻһɡ߹صһ·һҶ꣬оС̡
Ҳ̫ҼҲô󣡡С˵ҲһͨĹ壬ҶҵȻСܶ࣬ˣҲ⡰˶١
ˣٱõǿһ㣡
ȸСȫȸҲֻԶԣͨ˵ҲǴˡ
Ҷ˽Ҳֻܽг֮Ǵ˸кѰϢ߸һ̸С
ǣʮ˹ЩЩ㶣ΪҶ̸û뵽ǽǴ棬Ȼ͸뿪
߸΢΢һЦȻ˵һ·Щˣһ̸ͿԣȨǣ׼ϯдǰɣ
߸΢Ц⣬Ҳϡ


125 ̸У3
ŶˣȻģѾ׼ˣܿͿԳˣǵ̸Уں棬ھͽУʵ
ڣ߸˵˵ʱ̸бȳԷҪ
ǺãǾͿʼǶԴ֮ãΪֻ߸һˣԼôˣһռƣ߸ûԣлɳˡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͸ı뷨ֻа̾Ҷҵ˹ȻǷǷ֮ˣõЩ˵İʮ˹һԷչ׳󣡣
ʲôսȺۣ߸ǣԽԽ˷ܣĶ֣ȴԽԽƣԽԽеѹ֡
㣬ǿУ߹ɩ͵ʱӡ
ǵȻģɩԺ˵
ǰô˵Ҳᱻƭ֡߹ͷЦ˵
ȥűʮǸС쵰ƭ֡ɩ߹һ¡
߹ЦƺѾѧˣʲôʱаأ
ô˼Ժ˵룬Цңʲôʱʮа衣ɩץ߹֣һ¡
Ȼ֪ڻûָ飬ȴϣһ˴СôãһͿϧˡ
ţǴңҶ˸ĸ뷨
Һܿ찡ֻҪҶԸȢңҾͼ޸߹Ȼ˵ѾҪˡ
Ȣ㣿һӶҪҪˣ˭֪ɵģһӶܿϡɩ˵˵ܶ˵
߹ЦЦ˵ǸãĻһӶȢţҾͿһ
ǣʼջǻȢģԸ⣬ǻԭ𣿡ɩʵ˵ǣǰ߹ڵģҶ˵ˡ
ţ߹Ժᷢʲô£Ҷ׵֮һʮĸ飬Զıġ
ȢҾǵһҪ󣡡߹Ц˵ȻˣȻҪģҶϲˣǻøˡ
ϾףһŮϲһҪľȨҶϲǸŮӵĻҲҪõġ
СȻҪΪǣ
ţ٣ģ
˵Ҫ˵춼ͣ㻹ȻȥϢɩ߸ӣЩ˵Ĳʣⳡ̸лҪܾá
ǣ߹ȻȥϢԼȻ߸ˡ
Ŷ֪ˣҲҪ̫ˣȻûźˣ߹Ƿе˯ˣһ·Ҳˡ
֪ˣҲ̫ġɩص
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㡭ʵԻشǻҪȺ۷ڣѾ޷ټе㺦߸硣
جΣһجΣôµˣ
߸΢Цоȫûһҹδ˯ĸо
ֻЦ˵ǿȴҪһ㣬ΪѾûʱˣ
ܿģǵȺܾõģȺ˵ͷϰԵ˵Ѿ֪Լ˵Щʲôֻ֪Ӧˡ
ǲ㣬Ͼͻ뿪֮ǰܸ𰸣ֻգ߸ڰ֣Ȼȵ׼뿪΢Ц
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Ŷ֪ˡȵȣո˵ʲôҪ뿪Ⱥ߸߳ʱ򣬲ŷӦ
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ǲ𣿡Ⱥ˴ʵǻΪʱȻ̣ҲмŶԣô˵ߡ
ˣллǵ⣡ڻҪ·ҲѾϢˣԳˣ߸ƺ׶Է˼Էһ
Ҷӣòһʼˣǰɣ
Ѿˣ߸ûг⣬ֻҸطõѡ
ûагģȻô̸һҹ߸˵⻰ҲЩ˽ˣ˵Ҳû
˵һûгĻô̸һҹĻ
߸翴˿ЩˣȻ˵ֻǣǲܴӦҵҲԾߵˣҲֻգ
߸ǽȫǵϣȴŵɩﰵ޳ܣ
ɩѾһոչ׼߸ȥѾһҹˣɲȥ֪Ѿþûôˬͻȥ˯
ʵҲûУֻڶûȺ֮Уü˵ƺܲԸһ
ǰô£˵ˣһ̸Уôûһ˴ɻ
⻰ƺҪûгϯģǵȨ֮ƣ


126 ٳ֣1
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ÿڵõϢ˵üͷͻȻȥ
Ϊʲô£ôҪԲ̸з࣬һĲһЩ֣ȴֺΡ
߸ܺؿЩˣȻ֪˵˭ףһʮ˹֮УŷǷĵλȻЩҲŭԡ
Ϊʲô˵Ǹŭԣܼ򵥣ʲôʱ򣬿ʮ˹ʷתʱ̣ͨˣͰץ˵
ԣʱ߸֪˭Ǻ棬ҲҪʶһ£̸еķʽô෨
Ǻ߸Ϳʵ˵˭
Ĺ̸УҲԾһЩǲܾ飡Щ˿ڻش
Ҫ߸磬ҶҵЩˣǻش⣬Ȥ

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ȻĻһǲˣ߸Ȼ׼ˣϾʮ˹ٺãҲе⡣
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ˣһȥôһ£ȺǵȻ̸е˽еǿеؽ߸ߡ
߸еʢȴĸоҲҪһ£ôһˡ
ɩֹЩ˵߸˹ȻݺݵصЩһۣЩˡһС
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ţ٣ɩ˵ǺҪģҪȹҴ¶ҪҪ
֪ţ»ȥҪˣ˼ô˵Ҳдһ߸ҸЦš
ţɩܹɵصͷȻ߸С
ԭ߸ΪԼӦˣЩ֮УӦȵģǣӴʱ򣬷֡
ףСôҲˣҶֵܣһЩˣʱþڹľӴ⡣
ƺҲǸոûãڵͨ
˵л⡣߸ص
ţҲǣļƺе󣬸ոѾ˽ȥͨˣһӦûУҶܲ˵Ҳ˵Щġ
˼Ҷ˧Ǿõˣ߷ɹֲˣҲûа취Щ̽͡
ǶҶĳƺҶ˧ʵǵҶԪ˧֮ʱ˵źţһֱ˳ƺڡ
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127 ٳ֣2
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Ǿһֱ棿ѵǲ³𣬲ǸѾߣǴ׷ʵ
ģֻһڣҲзĴʩлóѡ˽͵ҲǱµһˣǰйҹġ
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ֻǣʲô
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˼һʱȲˣǴü֪֪ǸǹĲˣʲôˣ
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˸ҷˣȻһ֪ζҶҵĶ䣬ôҶܽŵؿҶ귢ķ򣬲ʼη
ΪҶȻ˷ˣǾ˵ԼЩ֮˱ץˣǾпԼЩ˽һ塣
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ӶͨļҽΪ࣬ΪƤ׳ص⣬һҪŵ㣬ǾǼ۸ˣԼ۱ȸߣ


128 ɺϣ1
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ڳĸ֣Ӷ½÷ʽԣħʦӶ
ȻӶǾˣ˵Щ鲻ӦӶѵҪ˶Ŀ𣿾ҲӦһӶӶôܶԸЩˡ
Сôᱻץס⣬ŴҲףΪС̲ᶷҲħȻΣӦȴ죬ױлɳˡ
Ȼȴֻһͨĳۡ©ܶܶ࣡
ô˵ҶҪ֪ŮߣҪʲô飬ΪʲôҪץС̣
߿߿ȻĻҿɲ֤ȱŮ߶ҶС̲ϵĽһ£Կһ˿Ѫ
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ĻǾͱһ£ǾŮߺܿܲץС̣ģõǵϣ֪СҪȴûһˡ
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ҵĿĺܼ򵥣ǣѱǴߵĴүųŮָšȺˡ
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ˣôԽԽĳˣ


129 ɺϣ2
Ҷ˶ڻɣôỹҶһˣ治У
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һӣҶ˾ͷˣǽŲһ˷ܣֻÿʵĶһԾһƬңŮ߸޷˵ʲô
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˵ǸүҽĻǾͿ϶Ҷˣ˻֪Ҷ˭ûмŮߡ
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ڶʮǰάǣʱŮ˵˵ģƺҶǺϣʱҶ˾άϽ㣬ȻϽһǰǡ
ƺҲﵽǵһ·
ֻǰյҶӦںԶŶԣôܵǰһҶҪһϡ
ҪˣĴүǰѾ͸߷ɹڶģ˵죬Ҷȴոյ
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ܵǱߡ

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ˣֱӽȥ˾͵ˣǲǵܵܣһӾˣ
仰ǹؼˣϹ²ֱӽ𰸲Ϳԣ
ô˵ڶҪǸΪС̵İȫΪ˽𰸣
ֻǡ
򲻿Űûа취
Ǹ䣬޷򿪣ǿй룬ƺ̫Ǹ˵㣬ıϾǶͽ˵飬ǲϲ˴š
С̱ٳ֣ҲС£Ҷһͷѡ
ֻҶϳ˱һײ֮ϣ𺳵˶һƺû˻뵽ôɴࡣ
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ҪС꣬Ҫɱ𣿡
Ҷꡭ
ҿ
һȺ˾ֻΪҶ꾹ȻĿʼ߼ħԽΪƽء


130 ɺϣ3
һ£ҶŲܱˣħȥҪ俪䷿ӣ
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ΪҶ꽫Ҷ֮󣬾ͽؽ䱧ڻԼһ־ͻʧȥҪĶһ
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ʲôҪ㣬˭ʧôõģҶҶҪ˵ʲôȴȻϷ֡
С꣬ҲܹԼҲҪҲȥҶ˳ԼߣȻڻ



131 1
ҲҪ߹һ˵ЦؿҶˡ
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ð߹ɾҶһ£Ȼ죬ֻҶ˵Ժ
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ʱҶ˳ɨ䣺ǶڣҾͲȥˣһҲǣУǲӦҵǰ𣿡
Ҷ˲ףԼǺܾõʱ䣬ôǵǰ棬ʵɺܼ򵥣ҶǺӶһһֱڸ·Ҷ֮ǰҪѱ˵׷ϣҪӦ˵룬ȻҪҶϺܶࡣ
˵ɨһȦ֮ҶƺҪջ񣬵ܿ죬;ﲻԾĵط
һ˲䣬Ҷ˵߼еһˣӦ˵˵ϣԼĸĻһˡ
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ϣץŷʲôҶ˵е䣬ֻΪǸŮýС̡
ŮϽ㣡
ԭҶҲǳƺΪϽ㣬ʱ򣬿ٳС̣ͺֱӵȥǸ֡
ҡҶԼϽеίԼΪ֪Ǹ˵еҶˡ
ʲôԭ򣬰ˣҶ˺ܲ˵
ϽίˣĽҲС̾˽ٳ״̬ʵոյʱϽҪ֪үҶˣС̵ĺѣץСʲô
ֻΪ̫ͻȻһʱˣ
ţͷ̧СҶǰҶ˾̧ͷҲ͹ɵΪ
Ѫˣûʲô°̺ۣҶỮС̲ϵѪֻۣѪֵĶʧ
һĺۼûһ˾е棬СӵҲȻˡ
Ҷˣ㲻ܹС㣬ոΪҪ㣬ŻЮҽ֪ݣ֪ѣС̧ͷ֪Լܷܲˣ˵š
ϣҶ˴ֶõˣϽ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ԭˣԵͷˣҶҲˣ˽Ͻ⣬ΪСû£ͱǸ˵Ͻ㣬ոնԲҴˣУллôЩӵչˣѾҵҪҵˣͲ鷳ˣ
ñǸҲ˵ллӦģӶְڣϽҡҡͷػص
ףŵ֮ˣҲףûΣգΪʲôٳַôðգҶЩ⡣
үûΣգô֪ʱǶ˵Ͱ롯ˣûһϢ˭֪᲻£Ͻеû˵
Ҳ˵˺漸죬ֻߣõ𣿡Ҷ˵
ֻߣ㲻ܣҿǲ׷ϣҲܻȥУôģ㡭Ͻӻ
С㣬ҪЩ⣬Զòģ߹ҡͷֹϽ˵ȥ
ţǸСԺǾġҶͷ飬Ҷ˵ܵܣΪʲôᱻ뵽ǲʲô飿
ҲûʲôҾǿһķȻһʱҪǮͽȥˡҶ˵
Ǯǲ˵ˣӦӮǮŶԡ
֪ҶԸˣҶ˵ˣ֪ˣ֪ⲻǿСӾΪǮ
ǲӮˡ߹²ӮˣӦòᱻ߷ɹ
ǰӮˣ˼ķӮ˹Ҷ˵ͷشϧ
֪СӵôģӮ˼һķ
߸磬ʱ۷ʮģǾֶһҵ
ķǶķǲǽķʵ
ҲǵˣǣֺǣҶǻǵЩ˵ûȥûȥעЩ顣
һķǱµĲҵΪŻһѣҪӮضķͬʱҲҪ񫡣˼˵
ԭ֮ǰһΪҵݣҲŸǹ˵ͺҶľͶģүû¹˭أҶؿ˵
Ҷ仰ϽԼ֣ҶʵԼҪܣΪ˲ԼҪԼЩ˿ߡ


132 2
Ҷˣ𣿡߹ңһҪ⡣
ᰡҶ˻ش
ƭˣôܲᣬ㲻ᣬôͣӮķôӮ˸߷ɹʮ˹ɵ
ѣͬ˵ȻӶЦȻ߷ɹǹùģСӡ
ʮ˹֮ûʱоЩΪʲôô룬ֻҪʲôѣ
˵ûССʱʱ򣬾вϼΪ֮ӣȻ˷񶨣ȴһֱܵŮľˣǲ˼ǿ󡣡߸翪ʼ͡
ĲⶫȻżɣһӵžˣôĶļҲ޲£ΪǸӵоˣһӮʮСӣӵоˣ
ĲⶫٺãֻҪãҲһʧܣǳǧҶŮɶһ۰ˣǧֻӮ
죬߷ɹ֪ٶķҲгǧȴҶӮˡ
ӣ߷ɹˣҶƫƫŪһԭǸˣҲ֪ΪʲôҶһɢˡ
ˡ
ƣҶÿζ˫ôϴҲãһĽ־͹ڣϴƵǸ߷ɹԼ
ơ
齫Ҷÿζ˸ûлᡣ
ơ
еĶľ߶Թһ߷ɹҶһز©ľ֣ԣʼöľߣǱӲңǩ֮ġ
֪Ҷ˶ڰ̾߷ɹȫϵѰ·ȻҶ˱̬Ů񣬷߾ֻ·һ
ʵ֤һ㣬˭ȲҶˣҶ˵˵˵н
ڴҲˣΪʲô֮ǰῪţΪʲôҶ˻˵ŮģӮˣԭ˾ٶġ
ĵһŮ߷ɹΪ˽ԼĸۡԺܿ϶һӦˣҲˣ
ֻû뵽Ҷ˳һ֪ĿҶˣԲŻᱻҶһһˡ
ûϽĳ֣Ҷס˵֪Ҷ˵٣һεĶľ֣Ҷ䣬ǾͻὫӮĶȫ
ȻŮǲҶ԰ϽҶǰ档
ǵʲôôʱ䣿ҶҶˡ
ڶİ뵽ĶóˣѾ벻ˣҲͽˡҶ̾һҲǲӮң̫ˣÿζ䣡

˵ʲôأ߷ɹǲҲأ
Ӧ˵ˣѾˡ
ˣ¥ɱˣ
洫ôҾ֣Ǹôɱ
ʱ򣬴ҿԭڣŷָոΪҶ˵ԭû˷ֵǸѾȻ뿪ˡ
ǰɣȥɱĲȻǺˣҪصķҶϧڲĲ˵ͬʱƺûвԼǰ˼Ӯ˵ˡ
˶˳ȥʬԣȷЦ
ں棬׹ΪʲôɱΪҶĵĲӦòڰɡ
ܵܣ׺ЩʲôҶüʵҲֻԭˣһ˲Ķ
ţȻôȥɱأ
ƺûͬɱĹֻǹһԭ򣬱Ͼͽûֵͬĵطⶼҵġ
˵ˣ뵽ĶѾˣвƲʲôķӵƤ鱦ҾߵȵȣкųҲѺˣҲˡҶػ룬ڶ̫࣬һʱҲ˵塣
˵ʱ򣬴ҵɫѾˣúܹܹ졭
Ҳ˵ҶˣСӮˣھСĹ߹Ҫȷһ¡
ţģҶ˵ͷ˵

˳Ĭˣǧţһ˾ȻӮ⵽ʲôʲô
Ҷˣ㻹ܲŪһǾһ£ǵѾҪľˣ
һСһССӻʱ׾ٵӮŮܲƫһ㣿
Ҷ˵ĻֻܼʣȴԶ޷õġ
ֻǣҶ˱ȴЩ
ΪʲôҪҪ˵һˣЩֲҪҶ˿ȥĹЩ˵
˼ֲ֪㲻ЩΪԼһˣԲŻ벻


133 3
ΪʲôҪ㲻ҪҲҪţһССҲһ߸練Ե
ǰ⵹ǲԺͿ﷢չȱһԼĵ̣벻Ҷ˾͸Ӯ˹Ҷ˵ʵǲԸȥȸ۹Ͼµĸоǲõġ
СȻǺܴ󣬵ٿڵģԺļƻСҲõһѡ
ҿԲҪ͸𣿡Ҷʵ
УĶģǻãҶ˵
ܵܣ͵Ĺɣô˵Ҳǹһ֮𡭡ףĻҲһˣСߣһˣԺͲùѹˡҶЦ˵
УҲŲһǹҿ󣡣߹ͷܸ߰˵
Ҷʱ
˿ɵ÷ĵЦݣǶûЦˣҶҶ˵ĸôãҲ˿ģϣݴСһĸ飬һֱȥ
ˣҲѺˣҶʱͻȻ̼һǡ
ʲôҶ˫۵ɵôġ
ôҿԲҪ𣿡Ҷ˿Ŵңʵ
ȻҪˣѾʹԲܵţҶ߹ͬʱ˵Ȼ˵뷨ͬĿȴһġ
ͺãһӲҪҽܱ˵ţһߡ
ģԸ⣬ҲԸ⣡Ҷ߹ͬʱ˵ͬĻ˵ֵ֮˶Էһۡ
ŶҶӦƺЩʲô
ôˣǲǾÿϧ˼ô˵ҲһǲҪ˼ң߹Ҷʵ
ǰҶҡͷ
Щʲô߹ʵ
룬ڸôܵҶ˺˵

붼Ҫ룬СֻǹǻаţԸҲЩԼжٲƲ֪ˣΰµЩǲõš߸ͶҶеĲҵҶ﴿˷ѣûκεļֵ
ҪԺҪܼҵģˣôܣҶһĽھܾ
㲻Ҳý㲻֪ѾҶˣеĲƲѾˣҪҵˣһ㱾Ǯͻһݳɹ߸ţǲҶ˽Щ˷ѵĶ
ҲŲǻ᲻Уүүк󱸵ļƻҶ˺ֱӵػص
ƽʱԺģʱֱô߸еƭˡ
ҶȷкУҶҲһǲһˣȨĵˣô᲻ףһ죬Լͻᱻ˴棬ᱻݺ
ʵҲҶҵһͳҶвصĲҵֲ½ÿһ䣬½ԸǣǾͲᱻӦ˵û䡣
ЩصĲҵֻе֪ⲻǲø֪֪Խܾ࣬ͻԽԱ֡
ȻǣҶÿһҲǷԼҶȨҪԼһƣ
ƣصһЩҵһΪ֪ҶҾӢ
ˣıһõϿɣΪһļıõļͲӵҶң
һΣҲ˵Ҷҵһηּң˭õһݣ˭Ҳ˵壬ҶһɣڵҶһɡ
ʵԱȣȻҶԶʤҶһɣҶһȴǱޣ˭Ӯһ˵
Ͼһ˵ʵǽ˵ڣн
ҶοģԼʲôУǿҶߣڵĲѾֳʱոΪһˣЩǰ˶Ƶɳ̲ϡ
ҲǱǽǼǱĽ
ңҶ˺ֱӵػһ䡣
ʮˡ߸粻ϧۣʹɱﵡ
ҰǾ͸㣡Ҷ˺ܸɴشӦˣһȺ˸еӦǾҶ˲Ӧ෴ܶ˶Ҷ˿ܴӦ
ӦֻΪ֮ǰҶ˻֣ôͻȻת⡣
ΪʲôͻȻӦ߸Ҳ⣬Ҷʵ
ΪҰҶ˻ش
Ϊ˸ˡ
ȻҪ𣿡Ҷ˴˵ø磬ҵ飬ֻҪͻ쵽ֲǺѣҪһЩҪĶѡ
˶ĬˣҶֿʼǸԺҶˣȴҲһ档
򵥵ģģҪ̫ิӵĶ
Ҷ˻ӦǽΪ߸˵Ϊ߸ֵܣҲ֪߸粻Ầ̰ͼĶʲôȥܾ


134 1
ˣҵеĲƲԼŰ죬ǮҲ㣡Ҷ˽Щ˯ѾõԼȶ˳һߣŵ߸ʹĸ߶֣Щȫ
ԼŻֲ࣬ûЩֵǮҲûжô߸粻˵ҪֻЩƲЩǮ
ûЩֵǮҲ֪ŶҶջ˵Ҫ߸һױӡ
ж٣һ򣿡߸ܲм˵
УǴӮͺܸӮ˼ʮңΪ˱ʾˬȫɽҸңҸ㣬Ľҷų԰ȫѹҶͬⲻм˵
ʮˣЩҷųɣѹҰɣ߸۷⿴Ҷˡ
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ʲôǣ֣УΪʲôҪҪǣҪ𣿡ʡ
ʲôǣһû˽ʲôʱһ¡Ҷ˵ҲǺܶѾ²⵽ġ
˵ˣ˭˵оͻڹңǲκιҵĳУһжǳ˵㡣Ҷ˵ЩԺ
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һһСǹоǳУֳпûй磬úܶ˶ȥҵĸȻܶԸһЩҪɶȵ飬˵óסҶ˵ĻøԺˣĻʲô˼
ȻЩȴף˫֮¶ľϲã֪Ƕã
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ʮһţҪԸ⣬һΪưԴ½Ĺ߸Ҷ۶ܸߣǷĵġ
ҲԸ⣡Щǵ飬Ҷ죬ҲûȤһҵİܼӺһ㣬ȥ˯ˣþûкŮˣ֪᲻ҡҶ˼ǷȻѡȥ˯
ŮȥΰɣҶ꣬߹˶Ҷ˵ŮȫţĻС
˭֪ŮĴڣÿҶ죬ֻҪҶʱ䡣
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ˣҶȥæɣԺоµĿʼҶҵĴͳͽҶǣ֪ͨҶҵˣǾҶԸΪ˷ֹҶ֣Ҳų֣Լһ֡
ҶǣҶլһһ֣ͨȴһӰ쵽ܶˡ
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˵ˣҶҲЩ˶һЩֻһԺһŬһ飬ҲԼ뷨Լ·
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ȻҲһˣѡһչҶ˴ƴµء
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߸Ҫ֪Щ˵һƿڴ
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Ȼʱ߸磬ǲ֪£ֻҶ˵ЩƲ


135 2

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ǰȻ֪ʮСӺ񣬵û뵽Ȼô¾ȻôĲƲ
ʱҲģ߸һҶ˵ĶȻкܶҲһһ߿ΪҲܺ棬Ҫ֪ҶһİܼӣжٲƲ
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߸еģһݵҶ˲֪ôŪԼ˼һתøҶˣž޷ٵǩӡ
Ҳ˵Ҷ˵õĵһУҶǣ⻹һ
Ȼ˵ҶЩƲ廨ţ󲿷ȴһͨ㣬ǾЩƲԭǿģǱҪ˦ĶҶ˾ҪܼңȻչ
أȻҲкܶȻﵽĿġܼңȴкܶҵںתô׬׬
ԣʱ򣬶˵ʲôʲô
ߣǷˣ㰮ôô棬Ұȴ˹˾¶ûСЩ̾߸ҵԼȤȴûС
һ·ţвⷽ·ߣô棬˵ˣ»ûһûС
ģȻǽɳУҲҪűˣһ֧죬źܿͻᵽˣʱ򣬾ͿˣҶʱû뿪Ҫʲô˵ʲôڵȴ˽ʰá
Ǿͺãֻǣûʲôս˷һᣬʧˣ⸽̲ȫҲȤûյ۹Сսģ󣬸οǵǲԡ
簡ôôûУ㲻ȥĵطֻҪһ˷ԴӶʽμսȿֿ׬Ǯ߸˵Ϊָ򣬵ȻһĿҲǳԡ
һ·
ȻĿ˱ӣ⵹ʧΪһð취һ߸磬һ䣬Ҫṩѣ׬ģֱӳѣ

½ϳһֵӶţֻμս񣬴񣬶˾ǣӶŵʼΪ㡣
Ҷ֪Ӷиųܿ͸սϵһУԤ⵽ΣգԱܿеΣǵ顣
Ȼų棬ЩӶҲ棬Ǹ֣ҲһӶһ֮һĬͺľһЭԺܸߡ
Ӷţ˵齨ģշѸЧʸǵص㡣
ЩӶƺǺϵҶܲӣ

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ҶӮУȻԭе˺ѽܣȴи߷ɹΪ֤ûκηɡ
Ȼ˵Ƿ˵ǲϸ߷ɹ飬ֻʲôأ
ʲô֪һһҶ˻ὫȨԼУҲǴûпǹҶ֮˻᲻ᷴԣ߻᲻᲻ϵԭֻΪǸԼòУ
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ΪˣҲʮ˹һЩĦҶҵǿ֮£ʮ˹Ҷ»ع뷨Ҫ֮
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С
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ߣǲңѾȥʮһ죬㶼ûгֹ֪֪һ˶ãŮ˵
ʮһ찡ող˵ˣҶЩ㶵˵

Ůʱò˵ңΪʲôʮһ죿
Ҳ˵һ˵ֻҶҡͷ˵
Ŷй𣿡Ůˡ
˶ֻ֪ҪԼйصʱ򣬾ͻ飬


136 3
ţֻ˵ЩҶû˯ãȻΪҲ㣬˯þҶ˻شʮһȷû˯ã˯ãû취
Ͼ֮ǰһֱ˹˯ȻҲͲΣھ״̬û˯ߣҲûн֮С
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Ҳ˵Ҷ˵ĻûŮ⣬ͲµҲ⣬Ҷ˿ʼ졣
ΪñԵʣ˺ܾúܾãҲ˵ҶҲ˯˺ܾúܾá
Ҷ˶֪ҶѾû˯ûн˯ѵʱѾ˯죡
ҶˣŮ𣿡߹ڷŵҶˣЦʵ
˰Ȼ˵ôö֣ԺҪҡôãһ£һԲûΣҶЩ޹˵
һ£һŮ˵ǺܳʱˣŹ֣߹ĵ˵ƺҲĸд
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˵øһ߹ûָҶ˵ͷҶԽ˵Խģȷ£ò֪ǺЦ
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Ҷ˶ҲǻشһˣѾкüʹȻȻ߹Ҫ֪Ҳ˵
ˣһһţʱЦʱţʱ֣ʱ
⻭棬úܶ࿴ˣһܰͬʱҲһοļʡ
˴Сƺûиı䡭

֮һʱҶҵЩϵҶǣЩ˳ϵûЩȴϵĵҶˣлῴЩ˵ġ
˵ǱȽϳϵģ˱Ҫ࣬Ҷû㵽ġ
ȻųмҲĿĵģֻڵʲôĿĿԣҶһжͷ𣬲һҪһ˾ò˼顣
Ĳ˼飬ҲһЩʧȥ뿪ˣȴǼСһˣ
˵ģǿ֮ˣҲδҶһɵ֧ҶһɣǳԼΪҶңҲҶҵҶҵˣԼˡ
ǴҵģΪּҶϼ壬ҲΪԼˣ˵ԼҶģ
ҲҶһֵ֧˻ԽԽԭ򣬵ѾǹԭҶҵļȻԺ󣡣
˵ʱҶҲŴһ£ǾҪѼ֮λҶ죬Ҷҵļ
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ԽԽ࣬ҲͱԽԽ˳Ҷ˾ȫ淢չУڷչеͬʱҲ֪ͨ˵һѧԺҶ˵Ĵ㣬ֵܽǣԼһЩˣǶֱ
ǲ֪ͨҶ˵ĴˣѾ֪飬½̸飬˭֪ͻȻλΪµŮʣҶҷֳɡ
úܶ˶ãƺһʱĿˣ
ΪҶһɣһЩٽԼһЩô½ж֮
һʼҶΪҶһͶȸ۹Ϊȸ۹¹󣬶ȸ۹յ۹һôƽĵ۹Ҷҹյ۹ոջ˻ʵۣڻе㲻ȶĵ۹
ֻǣ˭û뵽ҶҾһС﷢չȻСѾҶҵˣҸо̫С˵㡣
ЩףҶұµŮʸżȥҲһḴΪǸĻͿܻԭѣǲ뿴ġ
ͬʱ˾Ļһ㣬ԭΪյ۹ض᲻ȶһʱ䣬벻ȴ֮⣬ǿӲѪȵֶΣѸȶ˹ڡ
һЩƺҶûʲôϵΪģȻмһҪá
ʱȥһУС
Щ仯⣬ĻһţµҲǸһ䡭



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ҪԺһÿһ䶼ܿмϷ̨
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139 ¥¥3
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140 бϣ1
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141 бϣ2
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142 бϣ3
̣ҵҪǸү˲ڣ㲻Ǻһ𣿡ЩЦ
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ҶҵˣȵӶһ죬ûҵҶ˵ӰһۼûУͺһ֮󣬾ͳʧ
ƺߴ·ѵһʧ٣ͻȻı⣬Ҫһȥһ椣
ҾԽԽߣȻĻôۼûУƽʱ߶ˣ֪ʲôʲôط
֮󣬴Ҿȷһ£Ժֻм·ֻôһҲҪҶ͹ȥȻתֲˣ
Ҷ˵ȥˣǲǸı⣬ҪѰ˦Լһǰ岿أ
ǵģû뷨ֻһɺϣһ⣬ţΪģɺϣ⣡
ǸʱҶһţͳ֪ĵطȥҲûߴ򣬰ӶŵȷǱߣֻǡ
мʱиСӣһXXӶţǰֱסˣԲ֪⵽ʲôӶš
ӶţӦþǰȵפأôô˵Ҫ
Ҷ˴ԻȴûȥŪ飬ֱӽСӣ˳ָʾǸXXӶŵڵأ
Ӷţһ֪һСӶţȻҲСš
˵ʲôӶţҲǴԴʵģƺܽţһӶжӣ
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ֻǣҶȴֱ治ΪӶѾԵģΪ˷ڴС⣬ࡣ
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·ŪģɣðۡҶ˵·ʵźȺĸоȺ˾ȻûоɣҲҶһԺ
Ӧ˵ӶŵĳԱԼʲôֵû˻ǵ⡣
ʲôҶʵ
ǲˡһ˻ش
ŶҶ˿˿ЩˣͷͽȥһӶװһǱȽϾɵ֣͸˵ע⡣
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ˣӶųҪһ񣬴Ҫʮֵľڳų´֮£ܶ˶˷ܵӦš
ȻﰵȻҪһΪǵһ
ҶҲ溰ţ˷ܵӣƺܺ棬ھ㱻⣬Ҳһ뿪οûз֡
һֱԼ浽ôɵ£һһ棬ţԺִ档
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֪֮ҶˣǲҶһߣǺ£Ҫһ죬ҶԺܵһ½ǸǺã
ֻȴ費ˣûһ˿ֹ
Ҷ˵ߺ󲻾ãһЩӶ˹һææӣڿȥ¥յķӣһᡣ
Ȼ˵ˣֻұĵط췹ˣ
ȻѾˣʹŲҪԼˣԼֿп޵Сɫ


143 Ժ1
ˣֻҪһ߿žУʲô¶Ҫ𣿡һӶҶˣһٶǿ
ˣҶ˴Ǹ˵֣ȻǲʶˣȴԾͽҶΪˡ
ҶΪЩ˸ԼαװãܵȻԼͽиˣһʱӶˣһ˼
Ϊ뷨Ҷ˸ûӶŲǰӶţӶŶڶƣΣԼҪεĹҪһӶ
ҲôҸỳðģǸˣ
ΪʲôӶҪҶǿΪȻҶǺȥ飬ܻһЩ״᷸һЩҾúĴ
˵ȥͷܰǵΣĲȫģ
ٱ˵ȥҹҹ˯ţ⻹Ҫ͵ڣ˯ʱ򣬻Ѿ죬ôҲðԼ˯غúõġ
ȵȡ
ڴҵӶ˾һԺ׼֮󣬾취˦
Ϊ˷ֹҶ˼Դһ¾ʲô¶үһźţ
Ҷ˾úү͸ӲЩˣΪЩ˾Լ²ãϾԼǹӶǵˡ
Ҷ˸ЩӶһϷȸ۹ԽԽӽҺӶȥϷģȥȥյ۹Ļ뻢ڣ
Ҫǽյ۹һеæһξԲױҶˣô׷õ۹Ľʥ֮
Ե۹ʥ֮׷Ҷ˾Ͳ֮ǰˣ鷳鷳һСľͿܻᱻץס
ȸ۹ֻа֮ңı߾شӶŵĽŲͣǵĿĵѾˡ
һһӣװʲôû֪Ӷû֪
һӶѣҶԷļ۸ҲߣҲͲȥʡ
ΪӶǲӣǹأƻ˹أôǽӶʧټȥ
ȻˣǲԴ򿪣ҲԲӣ飬Ը֮£˺ܶ࣬ƽһ¶ѡ
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ֻǣʱЩӶҶȥΪεûнҪҶߣҲҪε֮ҪӶ˵
Ӷһ˭ܽӶڵǹӶˣǱӶӶܺӶӶ𣬲ȻĻغء
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ҶԺؿӶȻͷȻ֪ô£Ȼ˼ôˣǾɣڲҲô졣
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֪֪᲻ҡ
ˣ֪ͨǣԼһȥȥӦʶ·ɡ
УȻȸĴſڣҪҪȥұ㣿ǲҪˣûʲôҪʱ䣬Ժпɡ
Ҷ˶˽⣬ԼҪǱץˣҪһ²


144 Ժ2
׿Щ飬ҶĿǰƺҪҪһ⣬ǾĹҪʲôʱ
ƺҪ̫ãΪϾ˹˵ѾˣһҪһԶٷ
ǺҶ˾ЩӶĸۡһɽׯǰŴŵģҶʱ򣬾Ѿ˵һ䡪
طƫƧģôסѵҪһЩ˵飿
ˣ˵½ȥ֮㲻Ҫٸ˵һ仰Ҷ˵⻰ӶŵĳԱգͬʱһ档
Ϊʲôû˵ҶΪԼȡȨ⻰ȷûֻǡ
û˵ֻǲӦ˵𣿡
ףҶ˺ܸɴҡͷ
֮ܶһ仰㣬Ҳ˵һ仰
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ðɣǶˣҲ˵˰ɣ
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ɽׯ֮Ҷ˾û˵ȫˡ
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ӶǴ⣬Ⱦƣã
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ֻǣӶȴ֣Ǵһסϰ벿ĺɫߣһɫ񣬶ƺһʮŵıǡ
˾е֣˻ɣ
ʵҪɵĲһֵ飬˵ĵ̣Ϊʲô˼֮󣬲֮ǰǼΪʲô
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ҶԺĻͻᷢﲻԾӣƺЩӶĿ
Ҫôǲ±֪ҪôǱӶ֪Ҳû¡
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СӶ͵ĶһǺܲҪĶҪĶû˻ĸǡ
֪ΪʲôΪ֪ҲνǶˣңǿҲ֪ʲô¶ϣ¶һŵЦݡ
ҲΪʲôôĵԭ磬Լ⣬û˻ᶮĶ
ڻˣǸ߷ɣȻԼҶǸʮүҵļƻҪı䣬Ǳ߼ǹĶͺĶһ
仰Ե֪ԭҪųǵ⣬ڽһЩ飬ȴΪҶ˽ųӮҶҴģפļƻһӾ͸ǳҪûɵĶ˳ҵط
ţЩӶΪѾڷĶҩţʱ˽ȫΪˡ
ˣʲô£ҲùȶãΪˣ
׼֮󣬾ͳȥɽׯˣͲۼˣ
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ȻȺӶȺӶʲôط˭أ
Ӷһ߷յְҵǶһ־ǾԼܻʱȥʱ뿪硣
Լ뷨˾͸˵ҲӲǵ
ûлӶ᲻ַᷢ⣬ΪԼƵĶҩɫζȥ֮ҪһʱֶܷҩԸĳòΪ̷ЩûԵ˷
ʵҲȴԭŶҩ
ʱˣʱˣһڿ㣡ĶװһСĵرţžͳȥˡ


145 ٶ֣1
Ǹʱ򣬹Ӷſϣǵڵϣж
صͷܺãȻһһ˻ڳԶ⣬˶Ѿȥˡ
ȵȣһڳԶԾؿϣһӶ󷽷ڳŶûзڵ
Ӷ˵Ҷˣ
ƺûзԣΪǺˣȫûж
һҩûзһͿԣ
ﰵҶһǸոճûãԲŻȻҲһһȥˣ
ȻĻǾ͵ȰɣԷԼʹ󹦸ɣ
ֻǣȰȣѾȥҩʱ䣬ҶȻڳԺȣһжļûС
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Ҷ˿ŹҪشͻȻˣԼ˵Щ˵Լ˵
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Ϊʲôոָָģû˵
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ǣһүֻҪ˵ҪµġҶ˺ʵ˵
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ѾҶ˵һʹӣ˵ҶʹòģҪֻ̫ҪС
ҲὫЩҪǻ۵齻ʹӣֻҪ֫ͷԼ򵥵á
ҶˣȻôô˵ҲһӶӦòţ뷨
ŶҶ˽ӹȻͺֱӵش򿪹ۿһ۾ƺһȻһš
ˣ㿴ģһӶܿöǹ˵
УһװãʲôѵģڻĿҪʱ䣡
Ҷһ۾ܿĶͬʱҲ֪ʿһһܸʿҲҶûмģܺ棬Ҫȥ


146 ٶ֣2
ǲΪҶڻԺ֪ԼҪ뻢ڣ
ˣ֪ˣӸոʿʹӵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ԼĴȻе֪ˣҲ
˵ֻҪûΣյ飬Ǻѷ֣ͬʱע飬Ҳһע⣬Ǿͻһļʷ֡
ȿȣûֻһļʣ
Ҷ˸ոմôҪʬ𼣣ӶԼոճԵЩһ㶾ҩɷ֡
ⲻò˺գȻǺ֪㣡
ǣͿʼˣֻҪһЩһӾͻͨܲ³͵ĶһЩΪ֪ܣΪ˷ֹйĿܣɱЩӶ
ҺãԼǰٶֵģȻҲж
ϻҶϵĽⶾҩţټҽֻڹԾ㲻ǰٶ֣ҲһԼԺȡ
ʱҶ˲ûзѣҪ֪ʲôͼװɵԼˣװ֪ɵģ
ޣô˵ԼɵģŲǣҿţɵϣ
ȻˣҶ˼װҲԭģǴĶ£ƷȻûΪһʿܸо
ˣƷԼûһֶһֺļ
Ҷ˺ܺ棬ڲ²⣬ǲǴ˵е֡
Ҷ˿ǸȻţǸҶ˵ΪΪ֪ⶫͨ˿ĿģǲҪġ
ιⶫԼ𣿡Ҷ˺ֱӵʵֻ⻰һִСӵʲôǷ²ʹӣү
ιιģˣԺʲô¾ͰҵֱȥҽѪʮǹҲѪʮ
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ȻѪ֮Ҷ˾ͱİˣȫ֪Ҳû
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ѪʮĬˣȻǱ˵С䣬ǾԽˡ
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ҵ壿Ҷ˫ֱǰȻһСµӣ㻹ɱҰɣҲϲֵԸ

񣬲˵ϲ֮
ҿӲŲˣ̫ˣ˵壬ʣְٶֵʣѪʮŭ
ԭˣΪɫˡҶ˷ҪΪʣʵǺѣǳһЩŻġ
ʲôѪʮʵ
򼣬ЫӣߡҶ˰֪Ķﶼ˵һߣŷë
㵱ҿɲɵЩϾˣǲҪңȻҪߣѪʮ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûУ˵滰˵ˣҪӣͲú㣬Ҫ߾ߣ
⻰ܶ˶ţҶ˿ȻǰѪʮȴţһ㶼š
ѪʮЦȻΪʲôߣ
Ϊ㣬Ҫ֪ⶫʲôҶָƷ仰ҲǺʵǼٻȻˣѪʮûš
ԭ͸һȥһкܶĶѪʮЦ˵ЦúգǴǵЦݡ
𣿡Ҷ˷ܵƺûзԷЦݡ
ƺΣ֮󣬻˵ʱûΣյʱҶԺˣСøŴˡ
û˽˽ˣȴ£Լʲô⣬֪ԷɱڣڣҲһ¡
ģǲ֣
ȻģֻҪԹԵģҪ£Ѫʮ˵оԼںһСһˣһɵϼƽϡ
ȵʱûˣҾͰж˿飡
ѪʮֱһЩĻͻΪԾӦ˵Ǿ֣


147 ٶ֣3
Ѫ飬ȸ۹һصĹٷ֯ǵһὲ棬ѪǵĴʡ
ȻѪ֮У־ʹŵλԽǿǰ֣λͻԽߣҲʱڱ仯ģֻҪʵȥǰģܸı֡
Ҫı֣ǿ似ħĸߵͣǿ˵ֻɴ£лʧܣǾпܽ
Ҳ˵ѪʮֻһţˣѾҪˣ
ѪȻص֪֯ȻҲͲֻܶ࣬ȸ۹ֻ߲֪ǶţЩ˴ڲҲ֪
Ȼ֯飬ȻҲЩɸ˵أ˵ҶҪǽѪ飬ѪʮûмӺѪҲһɱڡ
ѪʮҶˣȸ۹һܷĳУнʲôҶ˲ֻ֪֪еķغܣǳ
ңвҲй滮ݽֵݺʩҲȫһĳǲеġ
ȻȷнʲôȷǣѪܲһܷĽֵһܻԺӡ
ص֯һסصĵطνĴе˵
һ£һ֯Ȼкܶ߶ƫƧĵطڶʱ˷֣ʱˣһᱻ˷쳣
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ȻˣഫĹ壬Աʵϵ϶ǲһģֻǶ˵һ
һȺװװȥ˭еһǲװ
֮УʵһôǾҪĶԺܷĵõ͵;ܷ㣬ֻҪ΢һ¾С
ʮүǣ
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μƷҪæŵ㣬Се㲻£һ·ҶһǲˣѪʮüƺһκʹĻһ㡣
֪һ·Ҷ˵оֹѾǱܼ尾˵ԼǲѪʮүǵĻӦͰСˡ
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ϰˣѪʮȻԼûƢСǰ޷̵飬ȻһЦ
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ܿģѪʮͷ֣ԼôõƢֻǶҶ̶ѣΪðҲһѪ飡
ƷŶˣʻ֮ˣֵҶˣƺ֮ͬ⣬Կ϶ǣҶ˾ͺڿһһ㡣
ΪѪ鶼֪ѪʮһѪ飬е֪ж٣壬Уռ˺رģǱƷˡ
֮Уеҩ𣬱ģǸ˳Եҩ൱ƼּȻҪܶƷǻˡ
飬Ųö˵˶õ
ⷽ˲ֻδѪʮһû֪˶ˡ
ȻƺΪµϣСˣô󲿷棬Ѿ˵
Ѫʮǵܲ𣿡Ҷûע⵽˵۹⣬ֻĴŴԺĽеʵ
Ѫʮôֱʮүʮүһ
Ǽ˵뷨Ϊ˭֪ѪʮƢ֮ǰĻֱ֮ģѪʮҲܣοһƷ
ĽֻƷ˾ͿܻΪƷ
ֻǣ飬ǵʮүûκǲ˼ƽͣ
ԣǣԺסҪܡǸҿסСӣСɵɵģ⣬Ҳ֪СװɵѪʮͷصԸһߵ˿Ҷˡ
ȴȥʵң⣬ҾͲˡҶ˻ش
ѪʮĻôҷ㶵ĻҶ˵Ļ˲⣬벻⵽ôһ¡
˵ƷôһүһҪѪʮүźţȫˡ


148 ʵң1
ѵʮүڿЦ񲻿ܣʮүЦҪЦĻǻϾǶɱˡ
ǰɣǶɱģ
һʱ֮䣬Щ˵Ĳ²ͷһĳ֣ʶҶ˱־룬ȻҪѪʮ
ڿҲǶҶ࿴ǿƷ۹⣬һЩġ
ôϲҵʵң㶮𣿡ѪʮЩɣܿ˵ˣҪͿһкܶ棬ҲԿŪ
鰡Ǿ͸ˣҶҸһܣһǲ˵ģʵһţҶС˵һز֪ӣ˶
ֻǣûһ˻Ҷ˵Ļֻڴţѣ
˺ˣţʵʵȥоһ£ˣҵʵƻѪʮӻ֣ƺе㲻ͷ˴ҶȥʵңԼҪ˵Ļ棬̸̸ε
ȻˣҶȥʵңΨһģһ˽ȥģȴ±˴ŵģһܴҪʵҡ
Ѫ˶֪Ѫʮʵңһǿ˵Ƚģ鼮вҪһЩϣҲҶڽȥġ
ڶ֣ԼһЩֿԽģŵĶȻҪġ
ھܵģֻһ˿Խ룬ĶȻҲǾܵģû֪ʲôҲ֪Щʲô
Ҷֻܽ˵һţѪʮ£ģҶ˵費ҪҪϲˡ
ҶһѪԱһͨԺӣ߽֮İ裬Ҳͬͨ˵Ǻͨġ
һ˿Բʲô⣬Ҷ˾;⣬ϻ˵ʵңҪһʵҵӡ
ʣǲǴ·ˣҶ˺òʵ
ûУˡԱشûм˵ȥ¶һصЦݣƺҪҶ˵ĺϷ
ҪʲôϷȻҪҶԻҲʵ
ֻǣȴʧˣ
ȻûĻǾ˵ֻһΣ֣Լﻹʲôεģѵ˴˴ʲôأҶе㲻׵ʵ˵ͬʱҲҵʵҵڣǽڣ۾ڸʲô
ǸԱеԾѵСţȻôҵôصţʮүŪģ˵Ļ˭Ҳ
ܺõķ󷨣ȫʺʵҵķ󡣡Ҷ˸оʵõ󷨣ԺĸоĽṹЧ
ֻ˾;ƺ̫ˣҶڴţǰԱΪ
ԭϹèӣײϵĶѣȻôַǽϣϻ߻ϡ
󣿵ȻǷˣһʵҲ÷󷨣ѵù
ҶԼҲϲڷŪЩ󣬼ӹ̷Ӿ籤һ̣ȴǷǳصģ˭һͨķӡ
ֱ˲ӵʱ򣬲ŷ֣ⷿôҲ𲻵
ȥԱЩ߰ƺҶ˵ӣڣҶ˽ȥ
Ҷ˲ûע⵽Աϵı飬ȥע⣬Ա룬Ĳ衣
Ҷ˿ʵңӦоУԱȵϻʼʵңȻ˽˵ľҪϺܶˣ½ҲҶ˺õʵҡ
Ϊ˭ҶӴʽ֧֣ȫ˷ѣƴǮ
˵£Ҷ˵ʵҲҶסĵطҲǺܶҪõĵطҪĪȺʼʿһֱ뷨跨ҳҶ˵ʵҡ
ţҶ˵ʵһڣȻû˼Ҷ˰ܼҵļ¼֮УԿһһʵҡ
ſ˵Ҷ˴ûǰоȴóЩϡŹֵƷͿ֪һصʵҡ
ңֻȴҲ·ԺӶˣҲһûκε˿
˵ʱԶյ۹ĻʳǣҶҵҶС˵СԺվһȺѰҵÿ춼ڽе顣
һŮȺ˵ͷֻüҶˣ㵽װʵҲڱĵطֲܣȻ㾭ȥڼҵʱҪԶԶ棬ʱ䶼м¼ģֻڼҵʱǿհ׵ġ
һǿȥң


149 ʵң2
һǿȥңŮҧҧܲĵ˵š
֪ʵҾȴôҲҲеջ𡭡
С㣬ΪʲôֱӲ˷ӣҲһ㡣Ǹʱҵʱ򣬲ûƻκεĶϸҡ
˷ӣҪܲλŮߵʵԹȴΪҶ˵޹
ңŮ˶ҪоһҪõı

Ҷ˽ʵ֮󣬿һֱǰ棬ѰԼҪĶģϣӶ
Ͼ˵ĲģǺͨĻɫȻҪˡ
鼮ͲһˣϾѪĵ̣Ѫ鼮һźܶ಻֮أضкܶҶ˸Ȥ飬ܻ֮Իش
ֻǣȴǸԱãҶ˹ȻǴţƤģʲôȻôЩʿĶȤȥ￴飬װԼö
ţһװģ
ҲãʮүԼСӣȻڿĻǾٺòˡ
ⶫҪСŪѣûлûˮģҪźͱˮŪʪܡ
ˣһ߿飬Ҿ￴ţԿС
СͿСȥҶǱ߿ɲԱѾڹ鼮˵Ѿ֪ЩϢ
ȻûµĻҲῴϾʱͬһ飬Ҳвͬݣܴ档
˵ⶫҪ˵ԼѾͲһΣܻвͬջ
ʱҶȻѡûģЩģûе鼮
ȻװЩʮүԼҲоëͷСӣҪöѾʮүֻôܣ
ԱмˣȻҶ˹Ϊţݸġš
Ҷڿ飬ЩõٵĺôǰһЩûͨ飬ڿʱͻȻéٿȻǰ˵ľǺҪġ
һûջ񲻴
ֻǣЩȴҲɵ˵Щջ⣬Ĳ
͵ջʵҲҶˣʱѰ￴һЩĲ֮ص
ʱһȥԱѾ˯Ҷ˻һһٶȿ꣬ʱУ֮ϸ
ⲢΣʶΪԼпûлῴܻᱻѪ鷢ԼĿģᱻɨȥӦ˵ᱻɱ
ֻһϰߣϰȰ鿴һ飬סˣȻϸϸоƺҲǺܶ˵ϰߣһǴֶϸ
ֻͬǣҶֻҪֶһ飬Ϳ԰һֲļס
ٶȣͬҲԱмԼжϸӵŲɡ
ʱ䲻֪ѾȥܾãѪʮҲĹصʵңҶڷ飬һһ߻˯Ա
ԱܿͽҶһһ˵һ飬ȻԼһЩжϡ
ŶãֻҪоҪоѪʮƺ⣬һֱͰҶ˵ţûŹ
˵Ҷʲô˶ν᲻ҲνֻҪһٶֵ壬ֻҪѪʮоɹͿˡ
ŶˡԱһᣬѾѪʮ˼͸ȥ
ˣﻹ԰ɡ
Ѫʮһ鼮Ȼеһ飬׼¿ƺйءҽѧ
УЩ㶼Ūģ𣿡Ҷ˵ͷȻϰԵʵЩһˣڼǮῼǡ
㣿𣿡ѪʮҶһᣬȻĮ˵
ֻҪûģҶ˲˵ֻҪ˸͸򣬲ʲôļǮ
û˻ỳɣֻҪʶҶ˵ˣͻףǮԽԽˣԽҪˣ෴ģǮˣˡ
ֻѪʮ֪ҶҶҵǸܼҵʮүΪҶ˽һֵһСӶСӶˣ
ˣ֪ˣ֪ǮЩǲġҪĻȥУҪ˯Ļ͵ȥ˯ԼȥҡѪʮЩε˵ţһҲӡ
Ŷ֪ˣҶ˼飬ûп飬ɨҲҪʱģοڴֶ


150 ʵң3
Ƚȥˣ㲻Խ⼸ҲҪʲôĻֱӽˡѪʮ˵ѡȼ֮ǰ飬Ҷ˵ӵһߣҶ˶һʱ䡣
ȻˣģĶҶ֣Ҷ˵飬ԼȴѾڴߴĽˡ
ֻҪȥĻ˵׼Ҫʱˣ˵ļ첢ʮڵļ죬Ǵһκ֡
ļ¼ߵһΣа֮ãѪ鶼ں²⣬ĳɼҲѪе⣬֮󣬾û˻ȥá
ףĵȥɣҶЩ˵ûа˼ѪʮϣŲѪʮȥȥ
Ѫʮͷðһ˿ߣȻʧʵһ㣬Ѫ飬ʱЩˣҲȲ㣡ǿѪ壬жԶ߶Զ
Ŷ֪ˡҶ˲ػش˭֪ûаϡ
ˣˣҲһԣǿԻһ㣬˵һ£ѪʮҲ˵Ҷ˻ŵȻãˣ˵ҲһҲһоʡ
а취ʬ屣ֺܾõ¼ʬж磬ֻû˼룬Ϊһˣ
ŶҶ˶Դ˺޷ӦŶһ
ѪʮҲһʵҵĵڶţ׼ڶʵңûҶˣֱҶǰΪûҪҶһ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˿öÿܴţֻҪһʱ䡣
һ㣬Ҷ˺ܿʵж֤ˣ
ҲҶʱûȥûյȥýŻ顣
Ѫʮһֻ̤ڶʵҵʱҶͻȻ䲻һ䣺Ѫʲôӵģ
ѪʮЩ⣬ͣ￴Ҷˡ
㲻Ҫע㲻ӣôע⣿ҶʵƺܲҪֻʡ
㿴һģ·дˣѪ壬ɱ˲գ۵Ѫɱ֣ҶðҲһɱҡѪʮصٴһ¡
Ŷ֪ˣǺһߣŷ£дűŵģ˶һֻ·ƺЩһҶ˿ѪʮڵѪʮǴߡ
Ѫ飬ʲôطʲôϣѪܲǶǴߴźڶ񣬼򵥵˵ѪԼˣҲһ֪Էʲôӵġ
ֻڵִʱҪ£Ż¶棬¶治һĿǻױġ
˻ỳɣ֮У˵ע⣬ỳЩ˵ʲôģΪʲôߣŶ
ʵȻû˻ỳΪװ˲Ǻܶܶ࣡
ȸ۹Ӧ˵½ܶħʦϲźڶ񣬲ҽԼڸסȻǲߣһסϰ벿
Ϊ˱һأͬʱҲħѧ䷢һħۣǲ񲻿۵
װ磬ҲǺܶϲõģһЩʿӶ֮ģʱΪ˷㣬ҲϲĶ
һΪֻߣû뵽ǵİôرڼҶšҶ˵Ȼ㲻Ѫʮ顣
ȻģѪʮҲҶˣĵڶʵңٽŪǿĶ
˺ܾãҶǽ鷭꣬еһվʵһᣬȻһȥ
ʲôҲô򿪵ģҺãһˢӵģңһܴ򿪣
ҶǰŪһᣬڵĻһῴϣĹâħԪɢصɫʡ
ડ
ھҶ˵Ŭ֮󣬺ȻĴˣȻʱҲ˲٣ǿĴˣûκεƻ
Ҷ˸ոսŵʱ򣬾ͷһᡭ
ѵߴˣҶ˷ƺǸոսͨ䣬һӸӵʵҡ
֮Ҷ˾˻ȥͲЩʵңܿͷһȽصĶ
һЩֵװãһЩûм󣬶Щƺ
ΪЩװòģֻһЩɢһǷģôġ
أЩѪʮĲɹѾ棬ʱûʰ


151 Ѫ壨1
ѪʮΪǺܰȫģûû½뵽ҲڷЩ
ҶҲȫûԼ˽ԴľҲ±Ѫʮֱ֣ӾͽȥЩоţֱӲЩװã˺Ծͻ쳣Ȼһ֮¶ѡ
ΪѪʮԼᱻ˽룬ͻԼǴˡ
ҲѹϾǾƵģΪҲһ޲ߣοҶ˵ˡ
ΪûȥɣҶ˿ԼϹ죡
Ҷо˰֮ƺһЩŵȻ棬ȴյ֪ʶƲ⡣
ţϣû˿ƾһЩϾͿƲҲֻ
ֻĳ̶ȻԶԶҶ˻Ҫһ˽⣬иϵͳ֪ʶ⣬û鼮ҲҪһƷ
˵ڵҶҪʵң֪һҪģֻҲ֪ٽĻѪʮһ֪Ļ޷ȥˡ
ô죿
ھ˼֮Ҷ˾ʱϾڻȤԣҲżһһʱġ
ڣõ˼ǣСʮʱɣ
Ҷ˳˵ڶʵңţ֮˵һʵңķУһ䣬㿪ʼ˯
ڵʱѾڰҹ֮ˣѾˣȻҪ˯ˡ
ֻ£һǲҶͺ˯еĴʩ˺Լ
ȻѪܲ˶û˿Ҷ˯ʶķԼҲǶܾŵģϾѪ飬һԵ֯
ڿҶ˯ĽֻҲ˵Ҷ˺ɵôһʶûС
Щ˵ҶҲܱ˵뷨οûУҶȻһ˯Ѿ͵ʱ𴲡
𴲣Ҷ˺չ壬Ĺ
Ҷ˴·ϰԵȥԡϴ裬ϸɾ·Ȼȥͣһƺ
Ȼᣬɲңû׼Щôһж׼أƺܲ
ٶ۵ҶƺûзһʵֻЩӦ׼õģȻûź򣬲ڻ뿪ôûźˡ
˵ʵҲģˣֻҪסͻ˽ӴѪΧԱҲԺϵҪ顣
ǲҶ˵ݣȻĻûбƻһס棬ǾһҪд
ʵϣǳдҶˣҲһҪ׼дѪʮȻѪʮһЩһҪ׼á
ҲΪҶ˲ŻΪ
ñΪʲôôḻҶŶӣһŵӡ
ȥɢһ£Ҷԭȿ飬̫ˣǾȷɢ
Ҫ뿪Ժӣ׼ڴԺϹţֻԺϹĵط
Ҷ˸ոճСԺ֮󣬱˽£Ҫȥ
Ҷ˿˿ԷûлشԷ⣬һ⣺ף֣ôô
ԭԷĴһ˵ӣûжҲûߣҶ˾Щˡ
Ϊʱ˶ǴŶߵģûзһӡ
ļҶǲڵĳԱҪҲûʸװԷ˵
ŶԭҶ˵ͷǾ鷳һ£ҽ
ԣ㲻ܳȥǼҶҡͷܾ
ΪʲôҶֵԼΪʲôܳȥ
ѾԸҪ㣬ûʮүͬ⣬㵽ߡǼҶش
ԣҶ˵飬ѪʮѾԸˣ˿ȻǲߵҲɡ
ѪʮҲԸˣ˺ҶˣҪúõĿԣҶ˾ͳһĹ͡
ûɣȴǵõһд
ŶͿңﵽߣⲻǵ߰ɡҶ˲˵
Ҷһ㶣ûһ㣬ǲǷͷ˵
ʲôǸģˣʱˣ˵ҵߡҶֱӴǼҶȥ
ιιҶ׷ȥҪֹƺҲûֹɣҲֻþʹգҶڴԺϹ䡣
ֻҪҶ˲ԺʵҲûж⣬ȻϾѪܲʲô仯ĻֻҪһˣͿ˳æ


152 Ѫ壨2
ҲΪѪܲѪҲҶҹ䣬ķΧһЩطǲԽģҲҪҪԭ
ʵϣû˿ţֻҪҶ˽ӽýӽĵطͻ˳ֹ
ãҶֻɢκεطνƵĵطҲȥ鷳
һ·ϣҶ˿ĶǺˣҲ˵Ѫ֣ԲЩ֡
һ£ѪЩˣǲǶϳ͹ڼﲻҶʵ
⣬ȻˣڿڵˣΪǶиԵ飬óŵѾţڼҵģǻ϶Ϣȴһε񡣡Ҷش֪飬Ҳν
˵ˣҶڴҵһŵˣһЩܣҲνҲΪǶҶ˵ķǺǿˡ
Ȼˣܵ飬ǲ˵ģΪЩ飬Ҳһ֪ûȨ֪
ԭôûǣҶͻȻ£ûпһˡ
ϵʱǴ󲿷ֶȥϢЩǲ֪ģԻᾡķҶشƺеΣһԼ֪Щ飬ҲǿԽѪ顣
ѹ֣Ҷ˵һ䣬Ȼͼɢ;˵ĹۿȻװûʲô飬ǲ¶񣬾ףǶҶ˵ĳֺܺ档
ҶƺΪֹģֵһ
ҶΪʲôƺ˻ɲŶԣԭܼ򵥣ûЩܱΪʲôû֣Ϊʲôûлɡ
ȻҪŪĻҲܿ췢֣ԺʱѾ֣ŲصЩĹþԻߣ˿Ҳ˵Ļɡ
ɢ󣬲ûʲôر鷢ҶҲȥˣоЩЩҲʱһЩ顣
ӣҶ˵϶ˣÿǿ飬ɢɢ˯Ϣ
ƺҲϰҶ˵ĴڣϰڴԺɢʱһˣȻֻǱģֻҪʲô춯ͻȥֹ
ѪʮʱһֱʵûгһӦʵ飬ûⷢĻӦûš
Ҷ˵˵˵ǴΣԵģʲôܵƤëСˣȻʬ޴档
ѪʮӦòⷢţӦòᡭ
һ졪
Ҷڿһ֮һ飬ˣ鶼ѾˣӦȥʵһˣеϣ
Ҷ˵ǵһڶʵңԼеǺܶ࣬Щǲ֮أõĲҲǺܶصģЩûеġ
ȻˣҶҪ棬ҲǿԵģֻҪ֪ЩԭںϽԼ֮бɡ
ֻǣЩô˵ҲҪһ£ҪԹܳ׵˽⣬Ȼ֪ʶϵģΪԼġ
ҶҲûоԼĻпܻᱻѪʮ֣ԼĴڣԼ鿴鼮ֿɻ⣬ɰɡ
Ҷ˾ʵ飬һδε֤Լ뷨ֹȥһʱ䣬Ѫʮûг
Ѫʮ֪ҶЩʲôһϳϻٲҵʵҾҪˡ
˵Сʵȥ棬ƫƫ㾭һЩֵ飬ҵĲ϶ˣ꼰㣡
УöٲϾö٣ô͵͵б˽ңЩϡеĲ϶ŽԼĿڴȻ˵ﲢǵʵңĲҲҪģҲǵ֮׵ġ
ȴ֪Ҷ˵ϰ߾ֵֹ뷨ŪһЩΣյСһᣬǴСͱҶ˲
֪ҶﵷһжԶ߶Զʵҵķ󣬻Ҷ˵ĴݲС
ҶƺҲһ㣬ԣʵʱ򣬾ڵڶʵңĶȽ٣ȻˣûõĶʱڽָ
ûֻʱģб˽ң
һ±Ƚ֣ѪʮŪףԼԸ￴Ҷˣôģ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪǰһʱҶһֱû飬ҲûʵҴţԣЩԱΪûȤҲûټ
ڵԱҶ˵ĴѾϰˣûпҶʲôطЩʲô飬ҲûҶʲô


153 Ѫ壨3
Ҷÿ춼ʵǲֺеֲ˼ĸоѾԭļƻҪЩʲô£Ժ
һ죬Ҷһʵ֮ͻȻеˣͳ͸͸˳ҵ㶫ԳԣȻĽָﻹкܶС̵ʳѾ᲻óˣ³Ե̫죬ûóˡ
֣ԭС׼Ļ࣬Ѿһ룬ӶʱǴسԣҪͳԵ̫̫졣
ţûӣҸô죿
ҶʱͻȻ֣СԭôҪȻҪҶѡС̵ʳﻹ˵ĻѡֻһǾǡ

ʱСһʵʱʵ۾ҶˣʵʵҶˣҺģϲһ
Ҷ붼û룬ֱ˵֡
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һģġ
ҶԺ٣ڼһڣҲֻһûҪߵ뷨ΣʶΪ㡣
ʱиѪԱҶ˵ˣʮүûг𣿡
ûУˡҶ˻ش𣬲²
ȥȥϣˣСͰȫˡԱû˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
ҵСʲôϵκβҡҶ˼٣ܲ˵ţ⻰ûб
ʹҶ˵ĻҲ⣬ΪǾãҶ֪ı֡
˶󣬺ֶˣϴ裬Ȼȥҵ㶫ԡҶŶӣЦЦܽԡҡ
ϴ裬·СԺûǰ
Ҫ֪֪Ȼ֪ģʱѾˣصأȻϤ
ʱҶ˿һȺˣЩʶǳĳʦа﹤ֻô棬ڳ֣
ʲôҶЩ˵ĺʵ
Ҳû취ǲ£桭һʼһΪҶͷŽͣܿ˷Ҷˡ
ˣԭ㣬ֶӶ˰ɡòʱ˰ռŵطһԲͷһǻ˵
⻰ݣ֪һ£˶ҶҲǺϤģ֪˻ܹԶ
˭ôİռʲôߡҶ˵ֻ֪ԼڶЩˣҪľǳԶǲܵġ
̶꣡Ҷƺе㺦¾ˡ
ģǲҶȫûкµʶӣƺҪ˴һ
ˣɵСӣһӣǶһᣬ㵽ȥСѱˣסҶˡ
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ֻ֪֪ڶӶˣҪԶҶҡͷЩˡ
˵һᣬˣҪǽȥĻһųʦȰ
ˣѪ壿Ҷ˴һ£Ȼ˵ҼǵѪʮ˵˵Ǹɱ˲գ۵ħͷԶһ㣡жԶҪԶ
ţˣ˵ʱһᣬӦúܿͻõģʱҲӦòˡһ˵ͷʱ˵
˵ĻǾҶеɻ󣬼Ȼ֪ʱĻǾ˵һǵһˣҲֻһΡ
ܼʱĳ̣ͱʾкܶˣ
ţǵģʱóһЩ֮ǶСĵĴϾˡ
ţ˾ҪСķţýһ飬ʳﶼһ飬ܱ֤һʧҶ˵ͷ顣
뷨ǣЩһѪɱħͷ˳㽫ԼҲɱˣڳ¶
ôذɡ
ҪҪģǿԽ죬ҪҳԺóԵġҶ˵ͷЦ˵
СӲҪƭ㶫ԣʵʮүţҪʲôһ仰顣
Ҫѩ⣬ϻʷۣԨҶָͷ˵š
СҲ̫ˣЩǻʹҲûУȥŪȺǱɫȻְƺ±Ѫ
˵Ҫʲôֻһ仰飬Ϊʲôһ仰أҶһ˫޹۾ˡ
˳ĬȻС˵˵ҲҪи޶ȣҲҪܼġ
ŶǾ͸ŪƣҶ˶ε
õĺõģŪǣӦЩȻϡУҲǿŪõģԼΧ֮ڡ


154 ɱ֣1
ͺãǸѪˣǾŪҶЦ˵
ôãǺСӸϷŪˣһָоԼǱˣˣҶˣ־ú񲻿ܡ
һܵ飬Ȼ£ƺһԡ
˵һʼҶֱҪʲô֮ģǿ϶ܾȴĻϲشӦ
ȻǾ仰Ҫ쿪ۣػǮ
ȣȴѪĳ˶ΪӦúܿˣȴֲģһѪûһʱһţûһļ
ôûгҶˣУҪȥˣҶЩ̲סˣŲ˭ҲҪվ
ʳΪ죡
ʲôȡ
˷Ӧʱ򣬷ҶѾڳſڣŽȥˣʱѾû˸ȥֹˡ
ҶʱûеſڣЩҲһðΣȥֹҶˣΪǱϾûôõĹϵֻͨʶû쵽̶ֳȡ
˵׵ľ룬Σյĵشʱܶ
ʱЩ֣ոҶôô͹ȥһգ۵ĹܵǱˡ
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㰡Ҷһţŵһ˱ǵζԭѾĶӣøӼˮʼڡ
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ˣҲǳ֮ΨһһˣȻ󣬵ȴһĿȻ
ˣϣӦþѪ壡
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ˣֻһѪڣմҶѪ˽⣬һ⣬һɱ˵Ĺߡ
ôΣʳջˣʳ֮УѪʮĶҩû˿ԽĶҩ
򵥵˵ϵʳпɱ˲ѪĹߣ
ˣȥЩѪһҲҳѪĶѪ˵ûģҲȥԡ
ҲֻҶ˲Żȥԣ붼ȥ˵Ҳ£Ϊǰٶֵģڶҩ˽⣬Ҳ
ʵϣҶ˸붼ûֱӾȥ˵
ţζȻȷŲһ㣬Ҳ˼ζҶһ߳ԣһ޵
ʱڳѪ壬Ҷ˵Ѿɵˣƺû˾Ȼ˴󵨵ĽϵĶ
㡭˭Ѫ忴Ҷ˵Ǳ䣬˾һɴ̹ǵĺһ
һɱ˸еһĿ־壡
ֻҶ˲ûʲôرĸо
ҽСǽҸˣҲҡҶ˻ش
ˣΪʲôҴûѪŬһ£ֻȴʼ벻ˣӦøģ֪˭Żô󵨣
ԭѪҪŹҶˣΪ֪߲ֻû뵽ǡ
֪˭Ѫ壬Ƕ˵棬ҲģֻҵĶ̫ˣЩİɣû뵽ôһ֣ԺȥԷ𣿡Ҷһ߳ţһ˵һⶼûС
ĵӺܴ󣡡Ѫ˵
Ҳ֪ҵĵӴ󲻴󣬱˶˵ɵģκε顣ҶЦ˵ƺɵΪ١
ѪһᣬҶˣ˵ȷɵô
ѪҶˣѪе֣ⲻǰԼòȫҶ˳ȥ֮󣬻ȫ
Ѫʮģ˵ҪоҵʡҶ˻شûκε
ŶԭʲôرģѪ岻ʵ֪ҶˣѪʮѾ֪ж٣Ҳˡ
ʵĻ˳ʣ֪֪𰸶ν
ûʲôرİҰٶ֣һԵʡҶ˳ŶڻصѪелҳĸоҪǱ˿һ°͡
Ѫ尡Ѫ﹫ϵѪɱ֣ȻһСлҳжôء
ʲôո˵ʲôѪҶ˵Ļ֮ЩԾϺٳֵı飬Ǹı鶼һ֡䣡
¶ı飬Ϳ˵Ҷ⻰ĳ̶ȡ


155 ɱ֣2
Ҹո˵һԵġҶ˻ػ
ǲһϲģҲûչܣѪ˵ȻԵ˱ȽټϡУûмֵ
ŶǾҰٶ֡ҶҲ⣬˵ԼһϲĵˣҲֻһˣҲǰٶֵġ
Ŀ԰ٶ֣Ѫ廳ɵ
ѪʮҩҡҶ˵ͷȻûлعȥڳŶ
Ѫʮҩ㣬ǰٶ֣ôģѪʵ
ҩԵģҶ˻ص
ʲôҩ
ܶ࣬񡭡Ҷ˵һѵҩѪֱӷ뷨ֻеѪʮо֮˵ˡ
Щҩд󲿷ֶǴҩḻѪô᲻֪ôȥҪ
Ҳһ£ΪʲôѪʮҶ˻Ϊر𣬻оΪѪʮŪ⵽ô¡
ѪʮŪ壬ѪҲܸɴķԼȥһ¡
ˣ˵ˣЩѪʮСģҲͲ㣬ڿԳȥˡѪˣ֪ҶˣȻֻܸߡ
ҪһûءҶҡҡͷͷԷ
ѵɱ㣿Ѫ˵
£Ҹ¶ӣҶ˻һ߳ţһڻشš
ʲôǸѿΪҲҶ
Ѫʼˣ˵㲻ҪΪѪʮţͿ޿֣һɱ㣡
ɱңΪʲôҶʱͣе㷢㶵ʵûѪö˶˵ΪʲôҪɱԼ
֪Ѫһɱ˲գ۵ˣȴˣɱҲҪɵģԼûеΪʲôҪɱԼأ
ΪʲôѪҪɱ˭ɱ˭绹ûʹΪʲôѪ˵
ǲеģôƾԼϲɱˣҪɱˣҲҪɱЩˣЩɱˡҶ˺˵
ǲɵϣѪ忴Ҷʵ
ҽС߾СɵϣӦǰɡҶɵɵػش
ѪеһԼûһСɵϣԼô졣
ɱƺе㲻ãСɵɵͦɰģޣ˵ʲôء
ףԭ㲻Ѫ尡װʲôˣһΪɱħͷˣҶʱѪ壬ϷѪݣؿ˵š
Ѫһ£а㻹£֮ǰӣµӡ
УʲôвѪ壿
ҾѪ壡Ѫ˵
ȥȥ㻹Ѫ壬һѪʮӥأҶ˰ڰ֣һһȥӣȻ˵˵ķ˵ȷŮ֮УҲһոˡ
Ů֮УΪʲôҶ˻˵ʣ
ѪʮӥǵĳƺţѪ岢ûҶ˵Ļֻ˵
ҶҲû뵽Լ˵˵֣ȻôɣѪǰʮ˵ĳƺţҲĳƺš
ѪѪʮӥʵѪ䣬ѪʮԼ֮ģڴһԱѪʮһȨķˮ롣
ҲΪҶ˲ſﵽߣΪѪʮŵˣһ˿ﲻġ
ֻǣΪʲôҶ˲ǰѪأ
Ѫ壡ѪָԼϵ֣Ȼдһ֣˶顣
װˣ㻹ŪˣҺúóһ٣ˣסԺҿ𣿡Ҷ˻Ǿⲻܣû⶷ϵֲҲûѪ壬ôܻô¡
ʲôѪһ¡
䷹Ҷ˼˵˵ԼĿġ
㻹ĲΪʲôҲѪأѪƺҶûа취еʵ
ΪŮģȻߣִŶҸҿ϶һʮ겻ŮӣҶ˿Ѫܿ϶˵
ûˣҶ˲Ըǰ֮Ѫԭһʮ궼ŮпܻҪСһ㡣
ʣŮôţǸ˵еɱ˲գ۵ħͷѪµ˶еµˣѪʮصص
ԣҶΪǰɢǿɱŮԲѪ壡
㣬ô֪ŮѪЩȵĿҶˣֻǾҶ˻ԼѪ壬ǾҶ˾ȻܿԼ䡣
ԱµǺܺò²⣬׷ֱѪ鶼֪ŮģҲǹϵ顣
ȻΪϵ飬ԴҶû⣬Ҳûи߹ҶˣûбҪȥ˵


156 ɱ֣3
ȻߣҲ¶˰ӣ֡Ҷ˿ŮѪ˵ŮѪ屻˵ֵʱʶĿһԼ֣˻ȥƽʱǴףû˿Կü
ոҪϴˣԲŻѵףȻҲһԣƺо˫մŵѪ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ЩطҿԼ䣬ʵܼ򵥵ģŮ˵ƤҶ˿ʼ˵һЩרҵ֪ʶ˵ŮѪһһ㶵ģû˵ԭЩطҲԿһ˵䡣
úʣЩԣ˵Ҳһֺܺõ֪ʶ԰õķֱ˵
Ҷ˵ţȴȵеżȥԲԷУСӣǲǱɱˣ
Ҫܶˣ
ֻǣԴҲ뵽Ѫ徹ȻҶ˵⻹Ǳ֮ǰƽƽ
ȿȣĻ͵ΪֹҶӱˣҪȥˡҶ˵֮󣬾ͣסˣ˵ͬʱҲһڳŶ
ŮѪǴһ£֣ԼԭõĲˣȻѾҶ˳Եˡ
ññֿܻҪ˶˶ˡҶŶӣȻŮѪĲ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ҷ˵㹻ˡ
˵꣬Ҷ˾ҪˣһߵŮ
ҪǱѪ֪֪᲻°ŪȻ
ŮǰסҶˣȥҪᣬΪЩˣȻҲ⣬Ҷһ١
Ϊǡ
£㻹ûаѻ˵꣬˵ߡ
ŮѪ廹Ҫ꣬Щ˼õķֱĿ꣬ٳִĿܣҲȷϵʱ䣬Чʡ
˵˽쵽ΪֹҪҪ˸ҳԣһῼ˵ꡣҶ˲˵ǳҪЮ
ĵĺܴ󣬾ȻҪЮңŮ˵
ⲻҪЮǽ㲻ԸˣĲҲֻǱȽϺóԵģֲʳԳҲһֻҪӡҶν˵ʳҪȷֻܵͣҪܳԾС
СÿóԵĹţҲһûа󣬵ȻˣѡĻȻѡС̵ģûóԵĲԡ
ҵֻǺóһ㣿Ůüͷһ壬ƺе顣
ʵˣΪɱˣϲˣɱˣʲôᣬԼǲһŮˣȻˣԭͲҪԼһŮˣΪѪ塣
ȻŮŮϲ³˸Լԣ±˿ΪһŮˣԼͲẦԼ
ЩһֱԼһֱ˱ž룬ҲΪŻԽԽ䣬ͬʱɱ˶ˣɱҲԽԽء
Ҫ֪ΪʲôɱˣɱôˣʵѣֻҪ֪Ѫ鵣һʲôĽɫ
ɱ֣
Ѫһɱ֣ѪɱС飬ÿ飬ɱˣȥɱˡ
Ѫɱ֣˵Ը񣬶ְҵ
ҲΪһɱôڱǰֳŮӵһ棬ԣҸڣΪΪжʳɱ˹ߣûֻ֪Ҫ³һŮӶ顣
ʵϣŮ죬Զڷǲ֪
ȻŮ컹ǳգһˣûҶʵǵһˣڿҶ˳ԼĶʱЩֵĸоֵеֵԭڡ
ֻǣҶȻȴҲ˵ķ˲õģֻǱһ˺һ㣬úܲȴֳܱ
ţҶûзԣͷص
ôǺóԣŮʵ
ҶһᣬȻ˵˵óԾǺóԣ
ţ˭ŮѪʵҪݷһ£ԼĳտԸӾտһ㡣
һţ춼ֻ֪ԡҶ˻شֻ⻰˵˺û˵һѽ˵ˣǵԵģҪȥˣ
ҶˣһŮѪûҶȥܵ˺ܲѵҶܷɳѪܲ
ߣǷɲҵģ
ףˣ㻹ûҶ˳ʱе㾪غ
ûϹѪ壬Ұװ׶ôã˵ˣҪɢҶԹһ£Ȼʧǰ
˲棿ܰոȥ˰Щ֣ѵ˵Ѿˣ


157 СС⣨1
ǺЩ˾ҪһѪ嵽ڲ棬ǿʼųȥ׼Žȥơ
ֻǣȻˣڳſڻǻ˺ܾãҪȴȽȥҪñ̽һ£ѪֵǲԽ׳һ
ԥʱŴˣǸŮǰ۾ɨһˡ
ˣ㻹氡ոո˲˵һ˿˺ԶԶľ룬пʼҶˣ棬ô˵ڣѵϹӡ
˲֪ҶǿѪ壬ֻǲѪѪ壡
ʵϣŮٰѪ壬κλɣҲ޷ֵֻ꣬һѪ壡
ֻѪ֪£Ҳţʮ궼Ůɱ˲գ۵Ѫ壬ɱ˲֪ٵķڴ½һһĴ˵
ֻǣ˵вͬΪû֪Щ˶ɱģ
Ѫ֮ԻнĵλʲôˣҲǴչŮӣʵһƴģ
ѪСѪ鳤ʱ򣬾Ѿʼִɱ񣬵ѾʮɱģһɱѾʣ²ˣܻģȻǾӢ
Ȼ֮Щ֮ӱΪɱ䣬ǽΪʱ䳢ҲΪŹ˵츳˶˵ɱֽһ棬һҪһǸ˾Ի
ɱֽ磬һš
˵
˵ΪʲôˣС㣬ƺΪзԼСһͬʱҲϲĳƺС߹ĳƺԵ
ãԼһɱ֣һӣֻһɱֶѣκεĸı䣡
ˡҲѪ壬ҲȥһֶᣡѪ˵ţһε֮д
˲˿ỳɣԼҶ˵˹Ѫ飬һᱻֱɱˣ
Ϊ˶Ҷǰ˵Ѫ壬Ҷ֮ĺܳʱһֱ㲻ѪݣΪѪŮ
ѪλӣҲϮǸʱҶ˻ɣȴûȥ⣬ûȥѯʡ
֮Ѫֿ֮ʼһ£ǾҶ˲Ҫ׵ȥΪڲѪʮţѪһŮ
ǲ֪˵ʲôҶ۵ʲôطչţȻĿĲͬչҲһɷϵʵѵŮ˽ӣ
ڴ֮һʱ䣬ѪʮȻŲҶƺҵ»飬һ˵졣
ҲѪ۾顭
һ֪֪Ѫĸ߼ֻѪʮӥŻֵĵطҲ̸¡
֪Ѫʮ꣬ÿ춼ǿ飬ĻΪѪʮѧͽһ˲ػش𣬺Ϣûи¡
֪֪ѪҲߵúܽǰ˼˵š
ںҿЦѪ壬ôܻһѵҪɱɡɻ󣬶Ѫ˽⣬˻ͣѪɱֵĵزѪʮӥĳԱҲһ
ûУûк㿪ЦѪҲûҪɱˣڸ⸥ѧЩʲô
ѧʲôӥԻһͨʲôֵѪȥѧ
֪Ǿһ˵˲ѪߵĻǾͻһ𡣡
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û˻ãѪ嶢ˣһ飬ȫ¶ڣ
ΪҲûκ˸ҵ
Ҫ˵ߣ˵ҲûйҺ˵ֻҪ˵˵񣬶Ҳֻ˵ǣĲ˵䡣
˵Ҷ˸ߣôôҲȥţ
ҥģ⼸죬Ѫ徭ȥҸˣһҪʳȥȻ˲˵ʲôֻҪʳſܻѪ˵һᣡڿŵˣЩ֪֪Ϣ˿ʼ˵
ֻҲֻһѣܿ죬Ǹ˾ͻ˵ԼҪ飬ѪһȥǼ˵š

ڴʱ˿̣֪ˣѾеľˣ⻹ʶѪĻ


158 СС⣨2
ɣԭ벻ɣ
ȷ벻Ѫô̵Ķһмֵţ֮һᱻѪɱˣ
ҲΪģѪʮҲѾһ֮ˣھ͸˵ˣ
Ϊһˣ̸ôʲôǿ˵£һ¾ǻ̫磬Ҫйļֹƻ
ţһΡ

Ѫʮӥ֪£ѪˣѾյ˷˵ǿ顣
ѪҶ˱һֺصĹϵ˲⣬ŵĹϵ
ѪʮԺ֮УҶѪ˵ŻȻһ£Ҷ˵ѪһѪǺٿ˵ģԸйء
ѪҶһƽദѾһܲ׵飬һŮһҶ˵ЦǾԲܵ顣
ʵϣΪҶ˵ĻѪаҲ˻ЩĻͲҶˣӲҶ˶Լ̬ȡ
Ѫ壬ȻᱻСӺȥģƣԺ֪õģ
С壬͵ΪֹҴóԵģҶûЩûаѪ嵱Ѫ壬һСŮûеõ֮£ͰѪȡһСС壡
С壬ƺԴ߹Сߣ˵հᣬҶ˶Щ飬ȥ̫ࡣ
ϣ컹šѪ˵ⲢϣҶţͿԼѧһЩʵĶ
Ϊʲô뷨
Ϊ
ѪʮʱܻǸʱҶ˵ĺӾͿܵͷˣͲڵġ
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ллףһ᳤ģҶ˺òصлûиеѪ˼
ꡭѪ˵ϣɣ
Ѫɱ֣ô뵽ʣǺңԶңԶűԼǰҲ֪Լһ
̫ңԶˡ
Ѫ뿪ҶҲվ߽ȥʵ飬ҲѪʮ⣬Ѫʮʲôʱ
Ȼ˲ͬǣҶҪ֪ʱ䣬Ϊ˵ѪʮԸԼΪѪʮŪ
ʱ䶼ȥôˣҶĥʱҲˣһ˵ɣѾҶо͸ˣѾȫˣҪûġ
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ˣǵѪʮôֻҪҪߣѪʮû취
ٹ죬ٲҾͽȥˡΪã涼û˷֣ҶڵڶʵңǸſ˵ţ㲻˵Ǿͱʾͬ˰ɣþ
ţҶ˿ʼŪϣһʵ飬ڶʵ֮зţҪǱѪʮһĿɿڴ
ѪʮΪѾһˣȴȻ޷Ҷķʽ봴棬ѾҶһ
ȻżҪͻƣҪ봴ҲǺܶ༼ҪģҪһ㡣
ӦҲ˵һ֣
ЩʱǰǰĶ˿һۿԼ˿پҲԣ
ҶǲŸոѧ⼸ֲµı仯ʹЩԼ
ѪʮȻҲܣȴҪܶʱ䣬˵ĻҲһӶܣ
ء
ͻȻʵҷ˱ըԭѾ߰ʵңڸˣʱƺʧˡ
԰Ҷ˸ողڣʧܣҲӦڵİ
ףҶ˿űϵľôԼոյȫͬˣѵ˵ұˣ
Ҷ뵽ܣﲻе˷ܣҪԼԺǲǿķʽ洫͡
ֻǣܿ죬Ҷ˾ͷһ飬ЩϤǡ
ˡ
Ҷ˿ʼЦ飬ѵ˵͵ĵطе˼
ǵģǴͣҶȻʵ
ΪʲôǱĵطʵ￴Ӱأ
ܼ򵥣ֻһǾҶڵΡ
Ҷֻжʮֵĸ߶ȣСˣ
Ҷ˵ͻȻһӰװҰѺӱСˡ
ֻҶ˵һ㣬ٱϴܶ࡭


159 СС⣨3
ΪСˣȻͿӰҲΪСˣĽǶȾͲͬˣͺµһһûв
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ҪѪæҲõ㶫ӣö㣬ĻĽҪϺܶࡣ
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С㣬ҧңѪ΢ŭץҶˣҪͷ
ҶȻСˣֲûʧȥһӾȻһߺŵ˵
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ѪؿҶˣ˵ֻȴûаԥֱӾץҶˣѸ١
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ӦǱС֮ԼϰץС˶ѣ
ҶǴӣѪţҶ˻һ֣


160 аˣ1
һˣ˲˲˲˲ˡ
Ҷ˴һʼץң׸裬һ߶ţһ߳ţƺܿĵӡ
ѪͣƽؿҶˡ
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ѪǷһ㣬Ҷ˵ôԽԽԶǿԼķԾͺܹϵҶվű𶯡
˼ңѪӰͣҶ˵ǰֿ쵽˿Ӱӵٶȣ⾲ֹһ̣ƺûκεĻ塣
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Ҷ룬Ȼ˵˵׼Ҳһ죬Ҳһ£Ҳһ꣬Ҳ
һӣѪ˳Żʵ
ţҶ˵ͷص
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ոѾƻɾˣĲ顣Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵֮ԷѪ飬Ѿûˡ
ѪʱĬƺˣûиոյǸըԼһ£ҲҶ˵ʵ̨ˡ
߰ɣǾ͵ΣҸһĵطΰɡҶ˴һ鲻֪ʲôĶ䣬ڵ֪塣
ѪʮأѪһ֮䲻һ䡣


161 аˣ2
ʵ棬ڵĻϾͻˡҶ˽ӻʱվһСɽ¡֮ϣټʵңʵǺôǰôûз
ϻǰˣȻ֣ᷢ˵ʵҲȷи򳡣Ҳ֪Ѫʮôɵġ
һʵҲˣţǸʵһ
ȥѪ˵Ҫ˵ѪʮòϣΪѪʮڣҪҶ˻᲻
˵Ѫʮ֣һ԰⣬Ҷ˸ոԺˣŻС
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ҲãÿЩʲôҶ˶Ҳ޳ɣѪŵʵȥ
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Ŷ˼Сץ֣ñҶ˻ΪԼץѪԭ򣬾̷ſ֣֣ʵſֵԭ
̫Ļܻץš
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һΣֵѪץҶ˵֣Ҷ˹Щƺûй˼ҪĻǴﵽĿġ
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ѪҶʵҵſڣͣűʮĴţ˼ˣ
ôˣҶ˿ѪͻȻͣסŲʵ֪Ѿڴǰˡ
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Ѫ˵һɱ֣ɱʱ򾭳Ҫ򿪣ΪصѵԼŵ
ȻôͨڿţǷǳУҶҲһٶȿ졣
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С壬Ķ򴩣Ҷߣָһط˵
Ϊʲô㲻ѪԼ
ҲᶷҶ˻˵
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ѪأץסҶ˵죬Ҷһץסڡ
С壬㵱è𣬿ſңҶںе
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Ҷ֮󣬺ܸɴѡȥѪȥ˳Ѫ弸ţץԼĳ
ߣСһ㣡ѪҶû취ֻҧв
ллģѾСˣҶ˻ѪڹԼԼСǰ״
ѪĬҶװɵɵ
ЩˣҲȥܣѪҶ֮ǸѨǽڣֻǰҶڶͣǰ淢ʲô
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㿴ˣ㻹ǰʲôѪ˵ȻһְҶȥҲˤ

䣡
Ҷصˤ˵ϣѪվҶ˵ԱߣҶ˼ţƺҪҶûУҲƺҪոձҶ˲ȵļš
ûУѪ˵
ûҶ˻صȻ˿Ѿˣ


162 1
˭Ѫʶʵܿ뵽һˣˣֻôһˡ
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ѪʮĽָ֮õģôвô
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Ѫͬһ֯ܵõҲֻͨĿռֻѪʮӥУֻܿԼ취
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ҵˣҶѪʮָ֣Ŭó
õָʲôòˣòѪҶ˵ߣĮ˵ָ˵̫ˡ
ռƷǲصģȻͻռĻңˣָҲܷһָ֮С
㲻֪𣬿ռָǿɴСģԶӦʹߵ֡Ҷ˽׽ָָСˡ
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ռϿѾˣҶ˿ռǳ˼
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еʱǰǰ׼ȷʱǰҶҡͷ˵
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Ҷ˵ģ˷ֵĻǾһԵþȣ


163 2
ǧ·أ޴Ҷ˸̾Ȼõúе㲻ԣȴҲܱһӦС
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˵ΪʲôҪ취
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֮ǰҶҪѪʮָ飬͸аճ׵˽⣬ֻҶûĿǰһҪ

ͻȻѪţҶҶ˵ǶͨܵŵСŮһѪϺټġ
ҶûעֻҪ֪Ѫ嵽ʲôأ
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ΪСԵʣ㵱ħޣɵǣ˵ЩǿԳԵġʺܸߵġ
ЩӣʵʬΪҶѪСԵʣ;Щܴ
ȥҪȥԣѪǻָһЩҲˣֻͻȻˣϰߣû뵽ǣӶĵĳ̶αɼαӡ
ֻ˵ԳԣҪȥԣҿûȤЩɾҡҶ˵ΪЩѪǲẦµġ
Ҫ취ѪϵزȥҪǱ˿ƻ°͡
ʲôѪʮʬ廹ڣһỹУҸࡣҲӬôġҶ˵ûȥִ˼
Ѫ룬Ҷ˾ˣǿߣ
ͣͣȥﻹжҪҶ
ʲôȳȥԺҪöԣòãѪ忪ʼҶˣҪ뿪ĵĵطֿʼע⵽ζ治š


164 3
ȻǱСˣһĵλѪҪҲˣָӰţҪ񣬶Ǵ½Ȩ㳯ҰЩһɱһѾˡ
ֻƽʱѪֻΪ˲ԼļܻķϣԼɱˣŻᾭȥһЩѶȸߵ
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鷳ҰѪʮ˾ǣͲ˰ɡҶһѣѪ˺þá
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㣬ԼѶջȥѪ˵
˵ҲǣҶջعߣȻ˳һСģûбѹס߰ڷڵϣѪʮʬ塣

Ҷ˵ֽӴڹ֮ϣһâ𹤾߾Ϳʼ֮ʷֽ⣬ȻɢڿС
Ѫʮ㰲ϢɣΪҵĸһǵõģ
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165 4
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166 ѡ٣1
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167 ѡ٣2
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168 ѡ٣3
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170 λã2
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ƽ⣬ĸ˵У㿴ҿ㣬Ƕڵȱȥƽ⣬ĻٿԼһ㾭飬Լϣ
м䣬иѾվǰ棬оţˣƺǸ۵Ѫ㡣
ԱѪ֮УŵˣжôĲۣҲõεı֮УʵҲǲκ˿õġ
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Ѫˣǻûб꣬ƺʧƽѪһ飬Դ˱ʾǿҵĿ顣
֪֪ΪʲôҪѡѪʮǴӻԱ֮ѡѪʵ
ΪѪʮҪС飬ǿѪһ˵
˵ûѪʮҪǣԼҲһҪΪʿܼһҪġѪѪһ˵⻰Ҳ˵ĳԱ
ոյ飬ʵһص飬ǾǿǶģӸոǵȴˣûеһȥоϹ󣬾ͿףǶģĵġ
Ѫȴû飬ֻרĵȥоǸϹһ㣬ǿպĳɾͻ֮ϣͣҲȷһ㣡
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ҪʽǶԵģǣѪһֹϸÿһ˶ֻҪרĸԼĹʽⷽ棬ıС飬ıС飬ԲֹС飬СҲᡣѪŴңҲϣˣѪˣҪȥ飬ԼԼ顣
ѪѡˣҪˣҪʽڵЩѪʮӥ󲿷ֶ鱨СĳĬԣɱСı䣬ҪۿʽǶᣬȴѪĺ֮һ


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172 ҪС㣨1
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173 ҪС㣨2
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174 ҪС㣨3
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176 2
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177 3
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ҶȴûдӦֻǱ˸ģ

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178 С㣨1
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ΪƽḶ́Ĺ죬õһУǵõ˺֪ܶʶһ֡һϯʤʮ顱ĸо
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˵ĵˣѣ
ҲС㣬ҽСˣܸǣǻġҽ˵Ҫй©ԼݣҶͻȻ뵽ҶķԸӳյ۹֮ʱҶԸ顣
ֻҪҶ˵飬Ҷ˶סһ㣬Сúܶʼɡ


179 С㣨2
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⻰˵ã˭֪㲻иˣѪ˺ա
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Ȼ˵ѪѾеñȽСˣҶ˵еˣֻ˾ȵǣȻһҧ˽ȥ

Ѫ壬ѪߣС㶼ǵɴӣؿҶˣڻôԽȥġ
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ˣ֪ˣ
Ѫ壬ôԣѪ߿Ҷ˳ԶͬʱҲֱϵһֱûжӣһֱһ߿š
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ЩһжѪ˵
֪ҵҩѪ߻ɵؿѪ壬ȻǻѪ忴㿴Ҳ̽ҶֱӶӳԶ
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ѵ㲻𣿡ѪɻʵѵѪ廹ǸѪ壬һѪ˵
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ΪʲôҪȥֹĲ˶˵ûʲô⡣Ѫ˵


180 1
㻹֪ɣҿڲһߣ֮󣬺ܿͻȫʹѵĸоҩֻУѪ߿Ѫ˵
νһߣѪҩţûʱȥñ档
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ԭѪԤ룬Ҷ˲Ż᲻˵ĻѾشˣΪʲûʲô⣬ȴ֪ʻĽʼɣޣ
ԱˣҪ˯ˣȥɣЩԼ԰ɣҶĹĶӣһʮֵĿɰȻĲ
ҵţѪ˦ˣŲЩߡ
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ҶһСϣСġ͡һطǰĵطͬ


181 2
סô£Ҷ˾ؿǰ棬ֵطͬһЩ
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ָˣҲͻָˣˣҿɱ㻹ҪϺܶ࣡Ҷ˲˵ߺߣʱ㵱ôҵģҾô㣡

ûҶҪѪСҲ˵ҪָĻҲȻָѪҪ֮
ѪڵԼС㣬ҶˣԼ·Լȥȥ
ҪҲҪҪ۸СŲҪ۸
С㣬òҪźǰɣҶ˳ͣվһߵС˵׼Щ׼ͣ˼Ǻ
ţСͷ
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˿ҶˣһᣬŹ˵ҲŮҪѧ
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ҪѧȻǾһԼ뷨˵Сڵ״
ŶԭҶ˳Ŷ˵Ϊʲôء
ǴӦ𣿡Сһ˷ܵ˵ĿǴӦĻҶ˵Ļ
ȻǣҶ˻صҲЩ㻹ˣ
Сͺӿ쵽յ㣬ͻȻˤ˹ȵף˶סˡ
СȻӦҲҪ˼ңΪʲô˵ѪҶΣǰС㣬ǴҶˡ
ûûӦҶ˻صΪһش̫ˣԲŻǰ֪ʹ⣬Ҷܾˣ
ԭֲáѪӻϰˣҲһǺܹҶʲô
ֻǣСͿˣźôãһû˯ãֻһܾ
ʵҲԼֱʵĻҶ͸ˣȻˣҲЩͲȥ
ֻΪǲĵģ
ҿԸѧϰҲ鷳ģһź㣬ֻҪһ߿žˣС㿴Ҷˣһӡ
㿴Ҳ⣬ҺŪҵ׷󣡡Ҷ˰ڰ֣νֲ鷳
׷󣿡С˷ܹЩʵʿӦ׷ѵֻҪԼɻڴ
Ļûʸҵʦ
ĻҲͲôߵ裡
ţⲻҵ׷󣡣Ҷ˵ͷػ
׷ʲôСʵѪҲҪ֪ûȥʣΪ֪С͡
Ҷ˿ԶһȻ³֣ܼң
ѪС㶼е㻳ɣԼǲˣ׷
ʲôСٴʵԼˡ
ҪܼңҪӻҪΪһȨǮİܼӣ׷󣡣Ҷȭͷ˵
ѪС۵СۣҶ˵׷һʱ֮е޷ܣ޷⡣
һôΪ׷


182 3
׷ΣѪ嶼̲ס˵ˣʵǿȥˣô׷
ȻҶȴãѪ׷󻹲Ҫټһ㡣
ǣ룬˵ǾټӼ㣬ԺаԵãڹ컯֮£ϷҸŮǾ͸ˡ
飡ѪݺݵһҶˣҲһˡ
ңҶͷһҺ۵ӣӣǵһߵСʹҶ˾Ǵ

Ҷ˱ˣſ˵ϡ
ﴵң
ŶԲ𡭡С
ãСС;ͲѧãȻҪȥϷҸŮô򣡡ѪҶһ£ȻƺˣԼҲҶ˴٣ܱСһ㡣
ϷҸŮôвѧãҾϷǣǶģֻЦ˵̫ˡҶͷ˵
ôϷģѪֵȻϲϷʲôһ
ҾǸ˵˵ЦǾЦˣͱҵϷˡҶ˵
еϷѪеˣжˡ
ǰҹ¥ʱиŮҵġҶ˻ص
ʲô¥㻹ȥ¥Ѫеˡ
ǰʱ򣬾ѾȥˣҶ˿ʼ˵ʷˡ
ꡭ

һʴѪСŪˣСĵȷȷһ

˼֮ҶѪ廹ûлָļ˻ǺһֻڴҶ֪˵ҲٶŴˣѪǲõġ
ڵ棬Ҫű˿ڶһСڻæҶˣҲɺܶˡ
⼸Ѫ߾ҶˣȻǲĵģҶ˵ģֻÿζ᲻ɹ
е֣ѪС㶼֣ʱҲչˣѪ߳롣
˵ǸʱҶû˱Լгٶ۵ûз֣Ҳ˵ѪҪôô
ô֣Ѫ߾ҶˣᱻԼˣ
һΣڵϷһ壬Ҷ߹ȥˣ徹ȻûãԼһԣС
ģºҶ˷ʱܻ˵һЩ
ѪߣʲôôԼˣ
Ѫߣôڵб𡭡
Ѫߡ
ЩֵΪҶǹװɵҪͻᱻ
Ȼǲ֪Ҷ˴СŮӻĶɹѹأҪˣᵹù

Щ죬СһֱڴҶ˻ʹȥоʧˣҶ˳滹档
ⲢҶ˷С㣬ʵ飬ѾˣûȤȻͲжˡ
Сʧģǽ顪
ʲôҪСȥִ񣿡ѪСҶˣϯѪʮӥһᡣ
֮ǰ˻֣ΪʲôҪҶȥμᡣ
ӦòΪѪ壬ҶһҲ˵ǷֲģҶ˿һȥҸ˿žͿԡ
һ㣬ѪС㶼뵽ˣԣҲ뵽ֻǻе⡣
ǵģȻѪ飬ǾӦҪȥִ񣡡Ѫ˵
ǣӣôִ񣿡Ѫ˵һᣬȴΪԼ
ԼĻ˵ֱӾȥִ
ڵӣӺð죬ˣǰѪŪһ취ûУѪԴ˵ǲΪȻ˵š
ǾȥѪ˵ҲһһС
ҪȥĻҲǿԵģÿ԰æѪһǧһǱҪȥġѪ˵
ΪʲôѪѿʵƺҲ̲µһЩӦþǸ
ΪεҪܣֻԿƿܣѪ˵
ȻΨһҪҶ˵ģҲֻܣȻѪôҲ뵽Сȥִʲô
ʲô񣿡ѪܸɴأҶ˳Ͼֻ֪Σճ̶ȣҶ˻᲻ṹΣա
ɱѪü˵
ǰĻѪ岻ΪʲôֻȥʰȻȥɱ
ڣҪΪʲôҪɱǵ۹Ĺǵ۹ĵˣ
ǰȻǿһ㣬ӵǺܺѪ飬ֻΪʲôһҪɱѪҲеɻ󣬶ƽʱҲȥʣǰҶˡ
ڣ޲Ҷ˿ϣСϣ


183 4
ȸ۹ĵҲлӹ֮УʵǿģǿƵһƿһɺܿµһµĻܽ۹𶯡
ܶ˶ΪӦþһλӵߣûⷢĻа˳ɵļʻǡ
ң棬ҲǺͻģشúܳɫÿ˰նȫ۹ߵġ
Ϊص˰ոߣ˰͵ģ
ҲΪԽԽߣ֮е֧ҲԽԽߣҲһЩӵĶʼɣһҪԸ
ȸ۹ĳУҲΪҪϵһ֧һ߻ӵñôϵҲ࣬Ҳʲô£ҲΪǲŻ
ûǣǻΪĶΪϵìܣԶʧĹìܣ
Ҫ˵ҪĻȸ۹кܶˣǰһǻӹΪǻλľһѪľ
ֻЩ֮УһѪ飬ΪѪʲô£λ֮ľС
˵۹֮Умϸֻ˭Ҫͼı죬һȥǻӹҲɱֻҪѪһָ
ûκμйᣬҲûͼı죬ôҪȥɱأ
Ϊʲôô⣬ֻҪִԼѵҪѪĹ𣿡Ѫüһô£Ѫ߾ˣѪôҲ
ӦΪѪһǧһѪ尡Ѫ壬ôСӽ
һɱ֣ôأ
Ҫ֪Ѫ忴ѪĮ˵
ѪĬһᣬ˵ðɣʵһЩ֤ݣÿһʱͻʧߵ˶֪ȥÿζˣһʧ֪٣Ѫһȥĵطǵй
ѪĬϢѾ㹻ȥˡ
飬Ҳ֪˰ɣܾǺйأУѪһѾεĻ̫ٳһοµжѪ˵
˵ˣ֪ˣ˵˵жжˣ᲻ΣգѪʵ˵ƽʱЩҲʡ
ִ񣬵ȻǺΣյģʱпܸĴۣ
ΣյȻеģҲСһСľͻûɲһˣһ֣ҲǸƣҪɱѣѪЩͷʹ˵Ϊ£Ҳ˲ٵ顣
ָҲѽӽ֣Ҳȫˣģһȴһ㶯֣ҲõѪһǧһֻǿƿܣʲôԾͿܣôС˷Ѫ˵
Ѫ仰˵õûҶȥִҲֻҪƿܶѣֲԶ֣ʱΣգҲܵ
ҲǣҪץסСҲһ׵顭С˵ã˯Ѫ忴Ҷ˵ʱ򣬷ڿܵ˯˯ú㡣
ţոյĻһҲû
Ѫ̲סȥһţйһԼ飡
ԼΪģԼȴһҲģеʵ۲̫༱ĸо
˵𣿡Ҷ˱֮󣬱Ժʵ
ûУ˵һ飡Ѫ˵
ǰɣҲ˵ҪôôҪȷǸʲôһɱˣҶ˵ȻӦε
ӦɣĻ˵ԼѪôĺôְ˼ҵĿռΪУǾ˳һ
˵ˣԼҪ뿪ĻҲҪ뿪طλᣬÿߣŶ뿪
òƣɣΪҪһ
ǣѪͷ٣ΪһɱˣȻ뷨
ǾУôţǻ㶨ʱôͿԣˣҶ˵ߣһһ仰
Ὺᣡ
Ҳǡ
Ѫ屾Щ飬ѪᰲţҪԼкܶ࣬ǰԼһҲæ߻ġ
ѪѪ廹žԵΣҲȥѪĻǷʵ˵ȫǶġ
ҲҪЩҲСپ֣ȻҲˡ
ѪĬ
ˣҲûʲôãȥɣ


184 1
ڣҪоһϸڣε񣬿ܻһ޵һ񣬴һҪȫԸʧ󣡣
ǣ
ѪʮӥʼΪһεǿʼܵĲ֣ԼѪƣںܶ෽淽¡
ΪѪ飬һεжܽѳɹɼɵ񣡣
˭뵽ȸ۹ѪȥɱԼ۹

Сôһ㶼ţǰѵɱ𣿡Ѫ忴Ҷˣңڣƺʲô鶼ûзһ
ɱˣҺɱܶ࣬ɱ˾ͻᱻɱǲĴġҶ˵ػصӳյ۹ʱڻʹǰһսɱ˲٣Һ
Ǹʱ򣬾˵Сӹؼʱ̣ȫͱһˣ
ŶǾͺãסˣʱһҪɾ䣬ԵʴȣǶԼĲ̣ѪͷϲҶһ㣬ͬʱҶ˱
֪ˣʱһɱ֯ģҶ
ʵҲףԸôεӦûܾŶԣѪȻҶദǺܾãҲѾ˽Ҷˡ
Ҷ˿˿ܵյѪĶߣ˵ţҸ㣬㲻Ҫ߱ˣһҰɵһҲΨһһΣ֮ҾҪˣһҪ
Ҷ˵Ҷ˵ĺ³Ѫеģһִûйĸо𣬶ʱѾͨˣ
Ҷ˵ĻҲΪһʱ֮ҲԼĸо
ʲôҪߣѵ˵Ҫ֮УֱˣѪҶ˵Ը񣬺׾Ͳ³
˵ҶҪߵĻǾ;Բٻһǽֱߣ
ţҶ˵ͷֱӵػشû
Ѫ壬ûбҪȥ֪߱ˣʵ˵ҲνҪߣû˿ס
ҪȥѪʵ
ҪҪȥʥǣұҪȥ岿䣬˴ˣһҪ˴ȥȻ·ˡҶ˺˵Լã·޷ˡ
Ҷ˼һʱ䣬ԼҪȥһ椣ƺЩˣȥʥǣҲ˳·
ȸ۹ԭ·߲ͬˣʥڻ岿м䣬Ҫȥʥǣ
ֻȥʥǣֻǱһ£λʼ

Ȼ˵ѪҲ֪Ҷʱ᷸Ժߴ·û뵽ȻôףһڱһϷܸ
ȥʥʲôѪװʵ֮Уƺܿ⡣
ҽǻһ£ȥ˻ȻҪʥǽһĵУ԰λҶ˻شǺԾİ鶼˵˳
ڣѪҪҶˣټ򵥲ˣ㲻֪Ҷ˵ݣҲһҵ
˽֮ѪĲˣװˣ
ǸʦܲȥۿСʵ
ʦǶҶ˵ƣҶƺҲ⣬Ͳ˽ԼʦԼһѧǣô鷳
Ҳ˵ҪΪѧԣ㣡
ԣֻҪܽȥͿԣҶ˲ػصȥᱻץߵģûǻͷ
ʥ֮УѪװ˳֣ǲ棬Ҫ̹Ȼ
ͬʱѪ֯Ҳǲģʥһƽ֮أҪùˡ
һỻͨˣԸ˵ȥСͷƺһ£ǲӦýһԼʱʲôǻʲôӳ֣ȻĻҶô֪˭
Ҷ˸Ӳע⣡
ʵǲʶҲνС㵽ʱֻҪһ߿űԾУҲҪҶˣϲ϶ν
ҲҲȥѪ˵ҲҲָĻкܶҪæ
Ǹʱ򣬵ҪҪҶ˱ֹϵ֪
ҲǺ֪
һɱ֣Ӧú̫ӦñѪ״̬Ϊκ
ŶңҰǵĳԺ֣Ҷ˵һ򶼺ܴ󷽣˵Խ࣬Խ࣬Խġ
ģȥĻһ㣬ȻȥʲôѪ˵ҲҶ˵ЩҲ졣
ѪˣڽʶǺ죬緽ʽǶȥʡ
ǰǳȥȻͻ˰źãͲҪ
ԼˣֻԼҲΪֳٵ鷳Ц



185 2
һ󡭡
СˣѪСŻڱҶ˵
ȥҶֹͣ˴ЩɻؿѪ塣
ȻȥɱѪ˵
ô죿Ҷ˴һ£е⣬û뵽˵飬쾹ȻҪʼˡ
ʵѪҲе⣬ԼҶҪܿûǵڶ죡
ˣǻ̫ٳڳȥǣҲҪ·̣ѾܽˣѪ˵һ뵽Ҳˡ
ǣȸ۹ĵ۶
ȸ۹ȻΪȸ۹ȴҲȸ۹ĵһգ˵ȸ۹Ļ塣
˾֣ȻĻΪʲô۹ģϣ۶֣˳ºܶ࣬Ͳ˾ˡ
⣬ҪʵĿʵˣֻ֪ԭ
ݴ˵Ǵ˵ȸ۹ĿʵۣȸȹȸѪڵĻ壬ǴȸѪͳ
˵ȸѡˣɲһǲ죬շҲУ
ǣطϤҶ˾ֺϤ
Ȼ죬ȸ۹ĵ۶Ѫ˵֪Ҷ˿֪ܲǵ۶
Ҷô֪ܲƻģ½ĵǺϤģȻܴط
֪ȸĵ۶ҺڱĵطҶҡͷˣӦ̫ڻԭɣ
ڻ
仰ҪǱȸ۹֪ƴ󲿷ֶʣ½бôдڻ
ڳѪС㣬Ȼ⡣
ˣʰʰˣѪֻǴߴٵ
žҶ˴һָܾԶҶϣȥλӣȻץѪ壬ˡ
ſңСҸٱ飬ץңѪеûȥΪѾϰˡ
Ҳ֪ܿҶ˾ͻһǸʱ򣬾пһϷһݵϷ롣
飡ѪһҶˡ
ִңҶߵһ䱿ģ
㱾͹ˣô̶ᣬô򣡡ѪһҶˡ
ҲˣҶ˴мȻԶѪ壬ſܳš
ǲһ㲻
ѪϰҶ˻Сüǳ𣬺ܿͻǣһҲν
Ѫ壬㿴㣬ε񣬾ͿˡѪڳʱ򣬿ſǰѪ壬һ߱˯Ҷˡ
ʱѪһߣаСɫǣϲŮ˵زϴҲһǹģҶҹȻϮأһᱨ
ѪߣҲҪŶԴΪأѪѪǲƵı飬֪ڼǳ
Ů˵ĳ𣬲ôʧģܻһӶ˵ԣѪԴҲ˽⣬⣡
ĺˣרҵģҿɲĳЩˣ·ңµʱˣѪؿҶˣеĳЩˣ˵þҶˡ
Zzzzz
Ҷ˵Ļش

ˣǶɣСĵ㣡ѪԸȻѪ飬ǶѪģǶԼԱǲѪܹģϣκ˳¡
ȻҲָеһˣȫ
ߣ
ʼˣһ·ǳ֪Ҷ˵Ըһ·ϣѪֹҶ˳Ŀռ乻ôСôˡ
УСֻ
Сɡ棬壬
ҡ¡ֲ棬һ˶ˣ㣬㣬ʲô壿

İһֻĳӳǵĶţ⼸ۣܲеԱҲǺͨһжǺͨ
ȴҪͨһҪʺܾòܹأڱϾһȽʱҪǿ
ӵ̲飬ûгһӣƺ֮иسǵʿһȻ˳ˡ
ʲôǮ
˲²ɣǮǿͨģȻܵģȴܶ飬ʱ¸Լһͨ
ȻҲ˲²⣬Ϊ̫ˣسǵľӣ̫鷳ˣ飬ͷ˹ˣ
ֻЩ²ⶼˣͨӵĳӣ˲ͨˣصѪ飬ͨеƣȸ۹ڳͨ裬˻ʹһЩеط˸


186 3
ȻƲѪרõģΪѪڼΪص֯רŵƣٹĲС
һͨõƣͨеȨһֵӵȨֻһֻ֣ܵ˵Ķ顣
Ʋòƣȴɱ˲ʹãȻƾ޷֤ͨ
Ҫʲô֤ʵܼ򵥣и·ǿԷģֻб˲ſƷ⡣
һʼƵĳߣҪͨһѪƣǿһ÷ǺЧ
ѪȻ㱻֪֮У֪ѪҲ٣ԣǵĳ֣Ҳһ˵ע⡣
ֻʱѪĳ֣ȴ˳µģʱѪһֱлΪ˳ȥǵһЩȫ۹ͼıߡ
ΪѪڽе飬Ҳû֪ˣԽ£
ǳ˵ģշҹѷ
ѪȥɱʵһʼѾɹ˴룬ʣֻҪؼľͿԣ
⼸ҶڵĳӣҶѪ塭
ûˣҶ˺ǻ˵Ѫ㵸
ѪĬ⼸壬ûӮһΣôһΣҲûӮ
Ѫ忴ҶˣֱͦͦؿţҶеСµĸоܿ죬Ҷ˾ͷŵоҪŭˣţ΢Сŭ

ѪĽƻӻĻոյľһӾʧˡ
ףֻһ£ո˵ʲôѪװ֪Ҷ˵
ƤҶ
ﰡֻǲСĻһ£ǸˣⲻܹңѪ˵һûӣǲСġ
ΪһѾǵһʮߴˣҶ΢ŭƭҪƭңŶûУ
ȻѾһٶˣǾͿ϶ǲСģҲɺϣΪʲôһٶˣ㻹һûأ
ÿһΣܱѪ׵ĵóѣ
˯ãԲŻһ㣡Ѫҡҡ˵ԼǹģҪԼǰС
˯òŹ֣ÿ춼ô˯Ҷ˵ʰʰ֣Ȼ˵´βˣһƷҲûУ
仰ҲѾ˵һٶˣѪҡҡ֣ܲ˵ŲҶв
ߣҪҲˣҲŲ£ҶҲֱӵ˵˵ڻбˣһѪ塣
Ѫ壬ֻûа취֮µİ취
һ㣬ѪȻҲ֪ģҲе㲻ˬԼʲôû˲Լ棬ŻǵԼ
˵˵ĻǲǲԼһˣ᲻Լ
ȻˣѪ廹һΣҪҶһ𣬲ȻĻҶ˻Ĳ
һ㣬ѾȷϹˣ⣬һҶˣ
ǸСһ죬Ҳߣ᲻ңѪʵ
Ҷ˺ʵܸɴ࣬Ҳֱӵػ֡
ᣡ

߾Ͳˣ֪б棬϶ܵò֪٣ԼŹˡ
Ѫεҡҡͷ룬Ҳһ£ĻҲһ㷳գרҵѪɱ֣
Zzzzz
壬Ҷֿʼ˯ˣ˯ӺǰѪÿζһִ˯˵Ҷһˡ
ӣ
ʵҪܱ״һ㣡ѪҶ˵ߣĸҶ˵
ŪҶˣ֪Ҷ˯֮Ǻѱѵģ
ӣӣ˯УҶ˵ֿʼ˻ӣĿѪ֣ȻץץԼ˯
˭ӣСѪ΢΢һЦЦúᣬȻҶһ¡
ʱҪǱ˿΢Цƶ°ͣѪ徹ȻЦˣᣬһһѪһһˣԲˣ
ҲţǸһѪŮʹһ棡
֮󣬾ͿһϲϢӭŵƽʵģ׼Ϊ̫ףٳ
ǲ֪ЩԸģǱΣţ߶ǻеģ֮УֻиԲͬɡ
ô˵Ҳãڱϣһµģ׼ףһ£һ£
˵м䣬ͻֵˣǾǴΪ棬ҸֵģˣŻģ
ϲ֮£ҲŲгһ棬Ŵ֪֪һЩսͱ˵Ѫε񣬲ǴɱǱһҪ˽սвģ


187 ҵıʲô1
һУҶҲܲҵıˣֻǣȻУȴûһ󶼲׷ʲô¡
Щ˵УҶһԵ⣬ģȴ⣬ûôġ
½ϣҲֻҶһ˿Ը񣬿ܾеĹؼ
ΪŮľˣ˱ĺܺãûӴΣյһ棬Ȼ˵ҪʲôΣգͦȥκûҪã
ΪһˣƽʱԺأؼʱȴһһ㣬յ۹飬ҶԿú
ҲΪһ㣬Ҷҵ˲Żȥ֪ʧˣҲûзϢȥңΪ֪Ҷǲµģ

ˣҲңҲܷϢͻΣգ֪Сʧˣ⣡Ҷ˵˵˲Ҷ˵ؼɡ
˵Ҷһ߶˵ϢҪǴ˳ȥһȥ˻ҲΪȥҪϵõô
Ҷ˶֪Ҷ˵ĹȻǺǿһܴĹ֣ԱǿģʮҲһȫˣȥ˵ע⣬棬ʱԼͻ֡
ͬʱţСӾûκεԱŮչˣҲѻ£
ⲻǣھһѪæţ£
СˣѾˣѪĵˣһβһԺһõꡣ
õģһܺõڻص㣬õ˶ˣһһܺõռ鱨ص㡣
㵽ˣҪúõĸԼӷϴҶȻſֱӾȥ
С㣬㣡ں溰
С㣬˭С㣬ˣǽҡ
Ҷ˿ûˣе֣ȻҲֶֻѣֻõ꣬Դһ٣Ȼ˯ȥ䡣
ֻǣҶƺһ飡
С㣬һ£ȥһ£˵Ҷ˵ǰ棬ϥƺС˵Ҷˡ
ڽ𣿡Ҷ˶ǰе죬ԼЩеһ
С㣬̫ˣûϢȥ㿪˵ҶʹɫҶʲô
Ҷ˱˵ˣ˵ô£ôԼС㣡
Ҫڵʱ򣬱ϵѪѵСˣ˿Ŀܣ㣡ĿܣһŮ
Ѫ˵Ǿ仰ʱеŹ֣ƺŮǳҶ˵ֱʣеš
ŶŶڱ˵ֻܿĿŮѪˣǰȻҪС㡣
ǵģеˣǿ鴦һ£ϢҶ˿ſŮһܽӣҲýܶ࣬ȫһСӡ
ף㾹Ȼװô񣡡Ѫһ˵ͬģߵѪߣҲһЩ⣬Ҳһ벻Ҷ˿ԽŮƵ˳ɫ
Ѫ߻׼һҶˣ֪ôȥһŮǿƿŮ
ǵȻֲѣҪʲôԸҾͿʲôԸҶ˺ǽ˵ûԹ⣬Ҳ·ˡ
Ҷ˵ߣҪʲôĹŮûУҪȥһͨ˵ĻеѶȣһС㣬ǻֵ
ʵϣҶȥװĻһЩѶȣϾţһʱԼװ׶ˡ
С㣬ǲ͵͵ĸС㣿Ѫ߿ڿŮıϣҶʵ
Ҵ͵ҶǹĿҶ˵仰ǶԵģҪ͵⻰˵Ķ͵ֻƤ񣬻һ˵ѡ
ˣˣ͵˰ɣѪ߲˵ѾҶ˻Ϊ͵֮УȻĻôװô
ѪߣĿ㳤úƯҶ˿Ѫߣʱûдˣ¶һ˵һֺ˵ʡ
Ҷ˿ʲôͻ˵ʲôֱӣҲ˵ٻ
ⲻҵĿһƤߣұҪƯˣѪЦЦҶƤ
ȻϲҶˣŮ˲ϲ˿ԼģǴߵԼҲһϲˣ
УҲŲţôһúѿԣŻߣҶ˲м˵ȫѪǾ仰


188 ҵıʲô2
㡭Ҹ㣬ҴߣΪҪһչŷ绪Ѫߺܲˬ˵
У˭˵˾ѿܶ໵˶úƯȻôȥƭˣôȥѪ߲ڻûзϣһΪԼһˡ
ҲԣҲƯȴܱ̬ܻҶ˵ͷͬ⣬˵ӰȽ̵Ļˡᣡ
᣿Ѫ߾ֺϤܿ죬Ŷԭյ۹ŮʣС㣬˵Ǵ鷳ģ˼Ůʣֱ˵˵
ֲǻȷУ˵˵һʲôϵġҶ˰ڰ˵˵ģҪΪ˵ͻ̡
ֻǣѪ߲֪ϵΪҶ˵˵Ҳû£Ϊģ
С㣬С㣬һԺӣСǹȥЩˡ飬ҶѪ߽ȥ
С㣿Ҷü˵Ҫװҵı㣿
ôҵı㣬ѵʸ𣿡ѪЦ˵ᣬ֮ǿ
ǵĶԻһҲû£϶ѪˣǸСҲǣ
ҵı㣬ȻʸұǺܺõģŲҶ˺ܲ˵ʱͻȻһ飬ˣˣ˵ȸʱҪȥ
ƺˣ֮󣬾ֱˣˣȥһ£Ȼһᱻ
˭Ѫʵ
ұǱ㰡Ҷ˻ص
ʲôˣʲô֡Ѫûʵ
Ҳ֪Ҷҡҡͷ
ѪѪʲôԼı㶼֪Сǲˣأ
ô᲻֪Լıʲôˣְ֪֪ɣѪͷʹ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ֪֪ұͿˣҶ˷ʵһѻش⡣
Ҷ˵ģֻҪ֪ıͿˣαعʲôʱ˵Ĺϵô򵥣ֻЩ̫ӡ
Ȼ֪֣һ֮ĸ鲢û˼
⣬Ӧ֪֣ȻôȥѪߺգֲ֪ôȥҶˣ⻰ȻûҲ̫Ǹˡ
һ塭ڲ㿴Ҷ˵
˭ϡѪߺߵ

λС㣬ǵСԺ˴ԡң䣬ǿԼѡСҴһŵСԺӣԺ֮лл԰ɽˮȣȻСȴ¡
ãȥǽһˣ͵ЩۣҪԣҪõģҪʡǮҶ˽ӻ
˶Ĭˣ㻹ǧСζǮĻ֯Ǯ
ʲôȥŮüͷһ壬Щ˵Сļʮ㡣
ˣȥɡɰıãѪЦţſŮ㷢Щп
֪Ůһܣһˣ
УһжôͷƤ٣ģ˼伫ƷͺһƷһ治֪ôġ
֮ǰߣŶ񻹲ҪûзŮڻ·ժߣǾͲˣһŮˡ
Ů֪ٵˣ
һ㣬ѪЩˣҲ¶˳Եɫ㣬Ϳ֪жôǿ
һΣŮִ񣬲֪ǲȷģ̫עˣ
˵ҲźôģĻܸ׵ĽƻеĽɫ֮У
Ѫԭһ棬벻˵ʵȻģЩ뿪ʱ򣬲ɵƵۡ
ǰ˵еѪˣ䲻ڵĲô󣡡
Ϊɣ
ȻЩ˶Ҷ˿ƵĿŮѪ壬Ȼ֪Ѫ嵽ˣȴ֪ѪڵڿŮһܣֻв֪
Ȼƺһͬ뷨ǾǿŮѪĿ
֪ˣȻ֪ǣ֪ģҲΪѪĹأѪǲ¶ĿѪһܴһźܾµߣ޷Ǽٵġ
С㡭Ѫ廹Ҫ˵ҶʲôʱȴǰͻȻһѽңŮֽǮװһǮ
ǮǮҶ˷ܵȥ
ѪѪһЩȻ࣬Ҳˣһòġ
֮ǰС˵Ҫܼңģ


189 ᣨ1
СôǮѪ̲סһ䡣
ˣһѣһкܶ࣬׼ȥ㶫Ҷ˺ܲ˵
Ȼǣȸ۹ĵ۶ôܴȥеĻᣬҶ˵ǾԲˡĴ󣡣
һ㣿С㣬жǮѪ߿ҶˣеʵôҲŽһ㣬ʲôжأ
ҡܸ㣬Ǯ¶ףҲûôҶһ£ԭѪʮĿռָ˿ŮԼһЩǮƶתƵ棬ͷһܼҡ
ڣŮϾ͵ϺͷԼûж
㲻˵ҪΪһܼӣǰܼôԼǮ©©أѪյ˵
УֻܼԼǮѣֲҪ߱ˣǮǮǱΪҶ˺ܲм˵
˵˵ж٣ļѪƺܸȤ뷽跨Ūס
ѵ˵Ů˶ϣŪЩ
Ҳֻ֪֪ҵĽңļٱҶ˳˼һᣬ˵
ԼжǮȷǲֻ̫֪ԼռָĽңиʮ
ٱǲ˵мʮˣܰɣڿЦɡѪ˫۷⣬ƺ˽һϸͻֻᷢǿЦΪҶ˵ġ
˵Ҷ˵ֻʮţ˵Ǽٱˣ£Ʋ˲࣬м䣬ŲҶ˵Ĵڡ
Ҿ㣬ҽҵע⣬һƴģҶ˵һزūһǮ
Ȼܿ˵һĻ
ЩܼҵģԸˣ

԰ϣҡѪ˵ƣǻ˵
ѪؿѪߣһɱˣ֪Ϊ˱ҶˣǴⲻñջҶˡ
ɱѪ΢΢һ£Ҫ˵ʲôʱɱͻȻ֮ûˣѪͨˣֻΪҶ˵һ仰
ʲô

ңǮ
ΪʲôҪǮֲʲôˣ
ΪҳƯݲؽ
Ưֻйϵ𣿻У˵ƯŶ磬ΪʲôҪ㣿

С˵Щ㲻ȡ裡ѪﰵЦʱܳ죡
ţҾȻһŶ磬Ҫ˵ٻҲҪҸõɣˣСˣ鷳
Ѫ߻ΪҶ˵ٻ֪Ҷ˵ķС̣ȻڵС̣ĵȷȷҪڵƯܶࡣ
¶Ŀʱ򣬿ܻСƯҲܻǲ磡

ڶ죬Ҷ˺ˣҪѪֱȥУûеóѣѪ廹Ǹˡ
Ѫ壬ѪҲŹˣɾ˵ҪҶˣԼϵıã
ʲô֣ҽСеʱҶҪһϣʽ֣⽫סˡ
С壬ҽʲôҶСʵ
Ѫ֪Ҷ˲ģû뵽Ȼֶȥǣڵٵ١ʮС㣬ʮ꣬似ħе漰ѪĹñ㣬Ѧ
Ѫ忪ʼϣһߵҶȴûôΪֵʱ򣬾ѾȥˣȻС
Ѫ廰е壬ƾģĴڣ˵ǴڣҲ˵ǲڡ
Ϊ壬ѪһΣѪһźƾõʷҲΪ͸˻
ҲΪѪΣһǺصģͬʱҲǿϾѪΣʵС
ֻһ֮彫עˣΪҶҪΪʮС㣬Ǿע᲻֪
һΣҶҪȥУȻһߵİܼңҪ֪ѣ
˵ǰѪ飬ҲҶֹΪ⼸ҶʵʵĴš
ֻһΣЩͬˣҪŵƣγ֮ͻع⣬εá
һΣѪҪľӪ壬ĳɹ֪ǶôĴ󣡣
ǧñһʱӪô壬γֲһһ׳
ڹؼʱӦ÷ãֱ󶼳ˣĻĴھͻܱ
ʧȥȻѪʵѪĸڣ


190 ᣨ2
ѪļƻҶ˸ߵ֣Ȼӽӽõİ취ǲμӻ̫ٳҪʹ档
ѪҲʹŻʼڲŻʼҼû˿ƿ˻ʵۣ
ҲǻʵΪԼµƣԼʹİȫȻҪԼǽˣ
ԣʹκ޷ģ
Ҳ˵Ѫ鲻ܽ룬ҲһܣҲʱҲ׶Ըʱ
ˣʹĿǰҪһһ㣬ѪһֱڰţǻᾡܽҶӴһ档
ռƻҶ˾ӦһЩ飬˵ע⣬ȻѪͻ취üע⵽ŮȻɫϼһЩͿԵĸŻӽ롣
ȻˣѪ鲻ֻѺעҶϣǻк󱸼ƻģĴۻ
ѪϣҶ˿ԳɹǿŮµģɹʽھųϡ
ʮţ֣ôﶼʮԵҶõܿǰĺ룬ֻΪʱʱ仹е磬뿪ʼһʱ䣬˻Ǻܶࡣ
ΪʮС㣬ҵıãѪ˵
ǲ𣿡ҶѪ仰һ䡣
Ѫҡҡͷ˵ĲĶôһ£һĹ
Ѫ߾Ͳһˣͷ˵ģôϲ
İǾͳȥ棬Ҫһ죬㲻ˣҶЦ˵һơ
ѪԭңҪҸߡ
ʵҲͦģԿܶ壬塭סѪͻȻ֣Уһܺõĵص㣬ֱӹʲôġ
С㣬ѵ뵽һ㣬Ż
ҿôܣ
һ֮˾Ϳʼ½ӣƺ٣ܿΪһЩҪ
۶ǵ۶ЩСǲһġֵĻ棬Ҷе˷ܵ˵
Ȼô࣬ƷҲһ򵥣ٻһûɫ
ʵҶ˻֪һҲˣһһεᣬеص㣬ÿһ£ͻὫյõƷó
ƽʱĻһЩԱȽͨģҲ˵Ƚһ㣡
Ȼ˵ǣһƺźܼƷĶ棬ԵҲͶһ㣬ѪģһЩӹĴҲ
С㣬ǵ治Ѫ˵Щ壬оѾɹ˴ˡ
ţܲҶҲͷ
ֻ˵ĶƺһģѪ˵ǿʶӹҶ˵Ʒ
ҵģҽЩ¡Ѫ˵
ţһѻ£ףʲôΪʲôûˣҪҾͰҶ˰ѻӵһƷһƷǼҳ㷹
㵽û˵Ѫ߿Ҷˣе˵
аҲ˵Ҫ»ˣҶ˻ش
Ѫ߿϶СûԼģԼ˵ͬ顣
ѪߣʵһҪÿȥջӣҲһԣʱÿܽӽҲһģѪ˵
֪һŮӣ飬ȻܲͲѪüЩΪѵ˵
ţǺŮӣȫ¶ǺŮӣҶ˵ͷ仰Ҷ˵ĺܳʵΪµˣֻģԺԵ
ں˵ʱ䶼ǺˣǽǶȵ⣡
ֻǣ⻰ѪߵĶôôĴ̶
ˣǲҪȥС˵ˣ˵ȥĻԼģУָȥӽˣǻˣԼȥ·
ѪߺԾԼȥһᣬȻȥңȥ̫ˣ˻ᷴС
Ҫһᣬһ᲻ȥֺã˿ֻע⵽Լ
Щ飬˿ܻ᲻УѪȴУģƭ֣ĲǲԹɫ
ҪãҶڶʱ罻Ȧ֮У
֮У֮УֻὫܶ࣬һû̵սֻҪսͻлᣡ
һƷţѪߺܿҵһЩᣬУһЩӹǺֹ̧ܺ۵顣
ʱǻˣֻҪŭһǾͿԵõһ˵ĺøУǿԿ϶ģֻһ£û˻ȥѡ


191 ᣨ3
һ˶벻ˣֺֿˣȫķʽ㲻ֺãҲҪˣϾһҪԶȶһûѻϺܶࡣ
ڵѪ鲻Ҫ֮ôֻҪڶʱﵽĿľͿԣں棬Ǹʱ嶼ˣʲôأ
ڣѡһģֺöһ˵ͻһ㡣
ΣҪȫ˶ϲ֣һܿɰĹܵܶ˵ϲ
С㣬ѪҵᣬǸĻӣһСһòôĶ
ŶҲܿ۹⣡Ҷ˵һ䣬ȻÿŮ죬غһ䣬ʮ򣡡

ʮ򣿣
ողųǧҶѣôͻȻʮļֵмǧҾͲˣλʮС᲻Ằʮأ
˵ʮС㣬ǺҪȥ׷ĳ嶯
ʮλС㣬ǳʮ𣿡ʦʵ
Ȼѵһͭ𣿡Ů촽˵򶨵ı飬ףֳ棬ΪʮҶü
СۣҲóôߣǿûôǮѪеˣʮңýǮˣҲ֪һˡ
ģǮҶ˲˵
ǮҲûбҪһǮ˼ҲųǧѣôͳʮˣѪ߶ڽǮĸǺģҶΪģҲ޷̵ġ
ϲʮⶫֵռ˱ˣԷʶĻһٳ۵ģҶ˲˵
ռ˱˵ģֻҶ˿ֻҪֵ֪Ͳռ˱ˣԭ򣬲Ȼôܼң
һɵϻʮﻹбɵˡѪѪ嶼˵ԴǶš
ܿ죬鷢벻ı仯˶е벻ı仯
ʮһ򣡡֮ǰǸۡ
ǰɣĻиɵˣѪ˴˵
ӵһۣϾע⵽ļֵԲǱϵ򵥡
֪ⶫʲô𣿡УиʵʼҴ֮УҲЩһ㡣
ǵһۣܿˡ޷ɵһøɫʯӻƽħļֵһǧңϺܿ˵Ҳһңʮʵ̫ˣ
ǣӳݺǰû˵İã
м䣬һ⣡

ʮ򣡡Ůһе˽Ŀ⼯еϡ
ʮС˭óʮҵˣԲһͨˣ
ôֲһˣˣԼӦ˵ΪʲôûӰأ˶ɻ
ܱôģҶѾܳɹĸߵˣѪ߶е⣬ڲ֪Ǻǻ
УѪ߲ףΪʲôҶҪôһС⣡
λСôƺӿſŮںȤ֪ŮʲôˣΪʲôܲʵʼֵ
Լ˵صõһõܿ˴ռǣֵ֪
㵹ŮȫӣֱӶʦ˵
ʮһΡ
ʮ򣡣ӺؿſŮ˫֮Уҿһ˿ɱ֪еŭжôĴ
ǮҲȻ󲨣˭û뵽һСȻߵļֵѾȫעǸƷ
ʲô
˶ܺ棬ȻҲֵ֪϶ʮ򣬵ȴҲҳۣΪǲֵ֪׻жߡ
Ȼ벻ǣǮ߼Ǯ
ʮ򣡡Ҷ˲ûзֱӺ
ʮС㣡Ѫ߾еöǽˣҺС֣ԱŮӵС
Ҫ֪ûз裬Ŷλѻ֪Ҷ˵ſŮӡ
ɫڱ䣬ȭҪһ㣬ţĸ֡
ڿǣӦӦüۣۣǮܻòʧϾûпʵĶʮңҪĶ
ԼͷǮûô࣬ʮҪ˽ˣȥûˡ
ô죿ôźã
СʲôͷôôǮ
쵹ôôרҵû˼Ҿ岻Ӧð˿Ҷ˶Ǹʦ˵ȣȴʱ䣬Լ޷


192 ͷȻֱ1
ŶããʮһΡ
ʮڶΡ
ʮһ򣡣ҧҧǼѵ³⼸֣ƺѾ˼ˡ
û˼żһʮ򣡡Ҷ˺ܸɴؼӵʮ
ӵѾˣǵһ
ʮ򡭡һΡʦе㼤ˣ۸ʵ̫ˡ
ʮڶΣ
ʮΣɽ
ûгֻۣεķˣħʮҵۣҶ˵
λС㣬ʲô֣ҿʶ𣿡ʱһӣԺŵ̬ſŮ˵
ٵ١ܸʶ㣡Ů΢΢һЦܸ߹ŵ˵
ٵ١ڳ֮󣬶úİȫ벻һ
ѵ˵Ǹ壿壬ֻмټٵˣû
壬ʲô
һǧļ壬һֱܵ͵Ժ֪ǵʵӦòϾѾǧ꣡ΪǾ̫ˣҪˡ
ԭǼįˡ

ţһΣٵ١壬֮ܿ˾֪ΪΪŵһ⡣
Ϊ֮ЩʿԼչҪʶһ⻰еٵС㡣
С㣬һףһŰ˳ɿԽʹˡѪ߿Ҷˣ¶һЩֵı顣
ܾãҶ˵һΣͿģо
ԣˣҶ˵͸޷͵ģ
ոյĶ˵Ҷ˲֪ⶫļֵҲһΪѪ˵Ҫ£ֻҪ֣һѪƴףܰѼҵȫá
ֻµĺչͲˣҪһʵ֧ţܰӵá
ѪЩ⣬ǾСʮңУֵʮ
ǣʵãΪʲôҪֵ𣿡
ǰС㣬Ǻܿ˵ĶҲûֵѵΪкܿ˵ıֻǣܿ˵ıزͱ˷𣿡ʱһӹŮк
ңһĲһһЩĹ壬Ҫʶһ¹С㡣
˵ĻҲǸոմҵ뷨Ϊܿ˵ıѾˣǾͲܻбأбصҲûģ
ʵϣ
ܿ˵ıأȷǱˣֻںģȫŮ΢΢һЦȻ˵š
ʲôڣ˾ȣӣӰӵıƺ˽⵽Ҳ֪ġ
ûܿ˵ʮʱ򣬽ԼսƷһص㣬֮󣬱ʹһص㣬ΪԼıزһ˷ȫŮ˵
֪ܿ˵Ĵ棬߷ھʮ굽ʮ֮䣬򵥵˵ǰڵıأıأڵģ˵ֻСضѣ
Ů˵أѵͼħ֮УħֵӣҲƲ

һΣҶĬˣ˶û֮лĻֲðӻԭ֪
˸磬Ǵ֪ģλϲĹʵ
ҵõܿ˵ռǣ֪ģҲףС㣬ô֪ģӿſŮռֻһôᱻ֪
Կ϶ռֻһ˿
ռǱһ֮Уþ˰취Ž⿪ó
ͼһЩϣռǣ룬뵽Ҷ˲ػش
ʱҪ˽һˣҪ˵ռǣߵҲһ˽⡣
Ȼĺأܻ˲עдЩԣȫϱ߼ʡ
ЩҪ˰һȻ飬Բһ˿
ţҶ˽Щ˿֪棬ҲһҲ
ӳĬˣ뾡˰취õȴͼ￴ġ
ҶǸʱͻȻģԶеעżȻ֮䷢飡
ãǺܿ˵ıأ㻨ʮңֵ𣿡Ѫ߻ɣҲǴҵĻɡ
ʮңһ֣ЩҲһֵ


193 ͷȻֱ2
ʵҲǰ֮ԷģҲǿǵѰҪѺܶϿֵܳ⣬óʮδ֪ʮץ
֪Ҷ˲ػصЩ⣬ûпǹֻǴĻǮѡ
ղƷ֮Уܶ඼мֵģȴһֱûʹõĶ

˳ĬǷٵСƺЩԺȻԺõеɰеϲٵС㡣
˺ˣ¾͵ˣϿһҶ˵Ŀǰ˵Ѿȥˣÿʼһ
ãȽЩԺ˵
Ҷ˵Ļ˴ңʱ򣬶˵ʱ̣
УһһҶҲ¼˷ͷΪӦòи߳鷢ֻû뵽ΪһС⣬Ҷ˵ĿŮһվڷڡ
ֻһΣѪ߾úżȫƻոսõľ棬ΪǸԵõС
һССĶһӵһ亱еʯͺܾ£һ鱦ʦ֣֮źܸߵļֵղؼֵҲһܸߡ
ֶŮȻǺϲģǸСۣԾ˲Ǻܶ࣬һλ֮󣬻ϾѾˣûĻ
ʱˣҶͻȻ֮ˣȫһ£룬СҲϲɣʯһ
ǣҶôȤȻûеģѪ΢΢⣬С˵֣
Ϊ֣Ҷ˾ϳˣ
Ҷ˳֣ڲͬϾ͵˲˼ʮ򡭡
ǸСſŮԹһĺ⣬ȥİĶ飬˺ʹЩ۰ֵܽá
ΪǾͿʼҶˣ
ʮһ򣡡Сҧ˵
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮģ

С㣬ʲôأ˶ˣǺúõģڿҶںˣѪеż˵
޾ͺޣҪĶû˿ߣҶ˰ڰ֣һҲӣûǮˡ
ֻǣ˭ܺѪƴͲǮԼ᲻ҵ
ʮ򣡡
㣡СᣬſŮһĵӣȫ˶Ҷ˵ĺˡ
Ҳʶ㣡Ҷ˺ܸɴػص
ҺʱҶ˲ԼǾŮԴֻǲϲŮޣŮĺô
ֻΪڶʱǲл٣ûԭĻǲġ
ԴˣѪԽԽþ棬һƻˣҶϲģҪѪѡ
Ǯ˵ݸҲûãԾͼһ
ڣǱܹעһʦ˵⻰ʱЩŹֻ֣ΪܹעѾǸٵСеоٵС㱾ˡ
Ϲ֮
չ̨ϣһ͹Ӱ޹ľ޽ˣǴҸȤĶ󲿷˶ǳ
һѲɶϹʱʯ죬кϵҲٿϵǲҪϵ츳ֻҪħ߶
׼ʮҪĳۣ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡

С㣬ôõĶôۣѵ㲻Ҫ𣿡Ѫʵ
ҪҪûôǮˣ֪Ǯ߸ˡҶ˵֪ѽкܸߵļֵƾԼǮǲģ뿴˵
ʵϣҶʵҪ⽣ҲҪ⽣ĲϣõһὫѽ۵
ˣԴҲǺ
㻹ǮѪЩǮѾĿֲˡ
аȵˣµ˫ļǮҶ˺˵ԭ㡣

ʮ򣡡
ǮѾûбˣ⻰ģһĴ٣ƺ۹֣ǵ۹׸
٣òȸһ֮УܱõһΪǵ۹δĶ
ȻȻǮߵһȴܹעģϾѽļֵͲ
Ҷ˵ԶԶļ۸

ٵС㣬ʣʲôˣº󣬴ҶÿתˣٲȻǽƱʣֻҶˡ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ҫλ³ֵС㣬ܸܲǮ
ȻܣĿ̫ˣһǺܺ棬Ҫ


194 ͷȻֱ3
ʲôȻǽңҶ˲˵
ңɻʲô˼ܿ죬Ҿˣʲô˼ԭǽҡ
Ůӽָ֮еһѽңһҵСɽ֮У˶Ŀɿڴ
Լһ£ҶЦ˵
⡭ȻȫǽҡôôĽңѪʱˣԭҶ֮ǰǿЦģĴżʮҡ
ʮȥҹ㣬Ҫ죬죬ʮ졭еĸ˵
һΣҪǮֳˡ
ȸٵС㣬ûֵǲˢֶΡ
еĸҲҶ

УѪһֱҶˣԹҶȴĴڣֻǰѰѸոõʯݸѪ塣
㣡
ѪؿҶˣЩԻ
ϲȥҪҿŽĿռź۵ġҶ˵ʱǱҪѹȥˡ
Ϊ͸𣿡ѪʵҶΪʲôˡ
ԭһжΪԼû뵽Լе뷨ᱻС
ѪģʱЩжűҶˣǿɰӣһЦˡ
㵹ǿðɵЦʲôҶһ仰ѪЦݴϣؽӹռ߹ȥݺݵҶһš
Ҷ˳ʹؽеȻ뿪Ѫһξ룬ڵϻȦȦ㣬㣬˼һصظ´β㡭

ְɣҿθô죬ҪԳˣѪ߿ˣеȴûûа취ȥˡ
˵Ըܽܽѵ
ԳɣС壬ȥ棡Ҷ˺ܲ⣬ſ뿪Ѫ
˾ͷֵѪȥӽ壬Ҷ˵棬֮һĺ䶯
Ůɫﶼ䶯Ҷ˿µĿŮȻ͸к䶯Ч֪ŮԽԽࡣ
˭֪ǳһɫǵŮŮһС㣬һǮһǮİܼС㡣
ܼСɫÿýңýƱпҲСһšС㡣
ߣǵڶˣҲǳɹˣԼһʱǾͿִмƻѪҹۺۣҶ˵һ䣬Ȼȥϴ˯ˡ
֪ʲô˵ͻԶǣͷȻֱҶ˺ܲ˵
仰ѪѪ嶼ֱҡͷСӣǲܵģ罻ǻô򵥣
ֻǣڶ죬ѪѪ嶼Ŵͣ˵ңһǡ
ٵ١С𣿻㵽ʹһˣ
ϣĸϣҶ˴ʵ
ȸ۹ĵ
Ŷ
һΣңһȸ۹ĻʵңҪκһӶҪЧֱһ㡣
ôһ£
Ѫ߲ףΪʲôȸʵΪʲôҶˣҲףҶΪʲôôˣ
Լþ취ɫ࣬ۻǿõӵԼᣬС㣬Ժ֣ᾹȻԶš
⵽׽ʲô飿
Ѫ߲ףԶף
֪ˣһᣡҶ֮󣬱ſŮúŵ˵š
õģٵС㣬Ǿˣʹ˺ò˵ţȻǻʵˣҲȻӦе̬ȣûдߴ١
һȸ۹ĹԱں֮ܲǽ
Ա뿪ʱѪߴ֮лתҶ˵Ҫ·ױ𣿡
Ҷ˲ؿѪߣ˵ʲôʲô·ױ
ǽгȥȣѵΪ˻·ױ𣿡ѪֵʵΪҶ˵ĿŮΪҪȥʵۣҪһͷٻһױҲ֮顣
ȻĻô˳ȥأ
ǣҶҡͷصҽǵȣΪϻûгԶ
Ѫ߷һ£ΪԶ
ţȻΪأҶ˵ͷ׼ϵ͡
ҵСүʲôʱˣʵټ㻹ųԶѪҡͷЩε˵£ǲǼȥǼӹ
ȻлʵˣȫǼǼӹ棬ҲԼŬ٣ûмֵһ㡣


195 1
ʵټҳԷʲôϵУҲϲӦ꣬ҲȥЩӵģûй򣡡Ҷ˳źһŨŨĶһܵӡ
ʱѪҲҶһżȴʧζͣͱҪ̫ḻ
Ѫ塭С㣬ԽԽˡѪ߿ѪӣĽͬŶʼɡ
ҺǳͶѣԵ𣿡Ѫ˵
ԣڶʲôʱˣǰԲѪ˵
ʲôʱ򣿡Ѫһڶʵ

ǣǼʵۣʲô˵ģֲûҶ˺ܲ˵
ǰҶ˼ʵǼҳ㷹ˣǰյĻʹͺ࣬ȥʱ򻹻ߴܵʹء
ΪҶˣԭ̸۹ҴµҶǣҲֻҪͣһ£Ц˼Ҷˣ˰Ҷ˴ߣͻ߹
ˣȸ۹ĻʵҪҶˣҶ˵һͨ飡
ûмʵۣҪȥˣҪһӽѪʱѾûȥҶ˵飬ȥʲôֲû
ֲ֪˵ȥֻǳԹȥѣǺҪģ԰ɣС壡Ҷ˼ţ˵
ţѪͷӦ
֪Ҫֻǡˣ㰮ôôˡѪҶѾûκεİ취һ߿͡
棬ǸȸԱΪٵС磬ǧСҲⲻ˵ģ⣬Ҳ¡
ֻǣ֪ҶΪ˳ͣǿԴ·ϳԵͻɵۡ
ټһ˲Ǻܶ࣬ӦлʶƵľ򣬾ȻǴ󲻾󲻾
ΣҶ֮󣬾Ѫ˿ܵ壬Ȼſ׼
ȵȣߣѪʱֽе
ߣǻҪҶѪ嶼Щף֪ԼʲôⲻǶúõ
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˵ùȥܸŪһװȥ㲻ʧ𣿡Ѫ˵Ҷ˵ĻûзԣŮȷǲҪκεΣһݶǶġ
Ѫ߲ͬŮһֱǱװȥʵ۵Ļͨȷʧ
ûϵģҾװֲǳϯ档Ҷ˵˵ԼװʵۣѪžͲͬˡ
⻹Ǵ棬˵ʲôǴ棿ƽʱװҲˣһҪѪסҶˣ
˺ˣҰɣ鷳Ҷڶ䣬Ѫ߾ֻǻ·ѣֲʲô£ңֲҪĿŮѡ
ҸʲôѪһһʱûת
Ҷ˽ӻϻȻΪһ˻ŮӵС壬ʣ϶ҲûУ
ûаҵֲʡѪͷʹһ㣬ûиŮ׼ΪӦû׼ġ
ٷϻ·ùһҶ˵
еģһĶһĸоͻ᲻һܱСûҺãһѿѪ˵˳ԼһС¡
ûµģԸģҶ˵˲ãԸСҪС˵Ļ鷳ˡ
ҲᡭѪ˵
ᣬ㻹ǲŮ˰Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
Ů˲һᣬѪͲᡣѪѪˮֻ벻ǡ
СģĵģҶ˵һʵֻʵȴֻ֪
ܰɣѪѪ߳ԾŵؿѪ壬Ҫ˵ЩʲôģȴҶ˴ˡ
ǾˣҶ˿ѪʵҲûвͷҲûƽ˵š
ĿŮɫӦûܺÿѪóһɫӱȽϼ򵥣ȴҲʧ߹ʣԸС
ԸУѪ˵ǱȽٵģΪƭӵʱҲҪװװŮҲһЩŮ
Ѫ֮ԻѡҲΪŮҪȸ۹ĻʵһӡԼҲŮװ


196 2
ҵĿܣʲôɫÿҶһ߽ӹһߺܲ˵ʼ·װȻǿŮ
СɫǣѪʱ˵һÿҶ˿Ů·һҶˡ
ûѹ⣬ɫǣѹٺҶڻһ䡣
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ǰû㲻ֻûѹʱ򺰡Ҷ˲ػص
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Ѫеɵۡ
ˣڲûСҶͻȻ൱ص⣬֮Ҷ˾ͲǰһǿŮزطҲûС
ѪѪ߳Ĭ
ҪȻǲȹ֤˭ҲֲˡҶ˿ſŮȹӣֻҪ¶ףĻǲ˷ֵġ
ĳĵطôܲˣѪû˵
ʲôģص¾ͺˣҶ˻ص
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ʲô취Ѫʵ˵⣬ȻһŰ߷ɡ
һСͿԣҶ˵ܿҳһİɫСװҶѪǴ´ࡣ
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ܲѪ˵ҶǸС޸׼ȥʹ˵
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Ҷʱ򣬷һС£Ҳ֮е飬ǾȸԱתؾܾѪ߸
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ֻҶ˵֮񱣬ȸԱ˵Ĳͬģӵȷãȴϲз磬ġ
ΪᣬҶڽӣϰԵıܿܿԽԶԽã
ٵС㣬λȸԱҪϳȴǣԼ֪Ѫߵ֣һʱͣ١
ҽѦٵٵı㡣ѪߺʶȤҽܡ
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ϣҶѪСѪֱȥŮҶ˾վһߣָܲѪ壬ȻѪ岻һ
С㣡Ѫ߿ָŵҶˣغ
ʲô£Һæģ˵ɡҶָѪһ޸ģѪ廨ڻ裬ûڻ裬ڵ廨룬ѪͺһѶ̽һ
˵ѪŮȷܲܿͰⱾʺϣһ޸ģúΪŮרŴһ
Ҷ˵ָӣǸ϶Ҫ˵ģżŻôһ
Ҷ˶ŮӵĴ磬ȫһУҪȻҲѡС̴紩š
Ѫ߿һѪ壬еѪ徹ȻҲû̫⣬ΪŮӻҲ֣һѪɱ֡
С㣬סˣȥʹϵʱ򣬲ҪֺܵûϣûϰʼϯһҪססǵĿģѪ߿Ҷ˵е㵣Ҷ˵Ը񣬶ʲô¶⣬һԺģ˵׼ͷԺһ£ȸʵۡ
ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ʼϯСпܲ
Ŷ֪ˣһסģҼǵõĻҶ˵ʵ

Ѫ壬æŵ㣬̫СˣѪֻܰϣѪϣҲûа취飬ԵĻҲϣѪϡ
ΪѪֻɱˣ飬˵һϲͨ


197 3
ԵĻϣԼȥõģֻڻʵֻҶһˣҲ׵飬ΪʲôҪ
飬ѪֻܵҶ˻֪֮ǰֻ²⣡
˻ʹѪٴηԸҶһΣ˷ֵȥԼĹӣҶȻɿŮ壬һνȸ۹ڡȸʹ
ȸʹΪȸȻкܶȸı־ϵͼݶЩȸ񣬻еŴȵȣԿ
Ȼ洦ɼȴвͬԼɫеһĸо
յ۹ĻʹȣȻС˵㣬ȴ˼⣬ΪȸʹƲ֣ǳһĽʦȸ۹һʦĽܵܶ˵׷ȴֻȸ۹ΪĹơ
յ۹밬۹Ҳʦȴһһܾ
ȸʹʦŻѪĴ֮Ȼ͸ӵĲͬ죬ˣ
ѹȸ۹ÿһʵۣǺܳɫģĻ֮£ǸͨˣҲʮ㡣
˵סլһ˵ӰǲСģ
й˳˵ķˮ֮ҶƺҲǡԶԶŶݼ׷棬֪ⷽʶ
ٵС㣬ߣϻ糯ϳһᣡǸȸԱſŮϳȸʵӭӹ͵ĹٵСھһϱ֮
Դ֮ȸһͿԵ֪
ò㣡ϳ֮УٵСǰ˲ٵĵĲЩһܲϳ֮
ллһԼģٵС㻺˵һûж֡
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ǵоٵС̣ԼЩҲᶯһ£ٵСһŸ߹ŵ˿
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ڣС֮еҶˣѪһ顭
С壬ûǸɴȥһ¡Ҷ˫ץСıԵԴСһӣ͵͵Ŀʽ
ĹԱŮȻһźţȴûн䶢Ųţ˵ѪҪȥĻҲǺܼ򵥵ģ˵ע⡣
ͣһɣϾȸʹĸֲѪ٣ܻܿᷢǣ˭׼и֣Ѫ棬Щɢ˵
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һΣѪĿɿڴؿҶˣҶһҪҪ
ֻҶ˵СʱĶżֵȴһƵĶ
Ƕأ
Ѫ廹ûյҶˣҶ˵Ļشз׶Σʱɵʱ򣬻ġ
˵һ仰ģֻʱѣ
ûʱ⣬ڶʮٸң㻹û˵ҪʲôʱҡѪԴ˺ΣȴҲûκεİ취
ŶǾͲáҶóһСС󹭡
֮ǰʲô㻹Ǹű𶯣ŻϺܿͻᵽˣ׼׼ʱʧˣѪһҶˡ
Ҽˣû⡣Ҷ˲˵Ȼ͵͵ȥѪҪץѾˡ
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ȥЩԵģζܲӡҶ˵ӿŮϣ׼ȥĶ
ô˵ҲǻʼʳģҶû£ǾͺױʳȻ󣬶顣
Сᱻ˷ֵġѪץסҶˣûϣٻһ㡣
ģһСĵģҶѪ壬Ȼ˹ȥôܹȥ
ҲСģСıץס


198 ̣ţ1
ѪΣֻԼһЩҶ˱ΪɱҪѧһҪܣһЩ𹤾ߣһֻ濴ûб仯
ôţһа취ġҶѪʹöʱ򣬾ϲˣЩǺеġ
а취û취˰ɡѪ岻Ҷ˶˵µʱҶֻ˵Ĵ𰸡
ŶУģҳҵģҶ˿ʼŵĲһܵӡ
ʼҵĶȻǷͬ죬ֻҶȴܲ˶á
̫󵽣ǹԱ֪̫ͨϾͻе֡
ѵ̫ҲҪԳҪкٵС㣿˵ɺϣ˼ֻ·ѡ
ȥӭ˼ңô˵Ȼ̫ҪˣǾͱóȥӭӡ
ԱŮ̳жӵȺ򣬶Ҷ˾ãڼԶȲ裬һûлȥغõľ
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ʱѪԱŮڵȿŮҶˣĶ˼һ̫ѾˣôţҲҪվи
û뵽Ҷ˲û˵һȫĻ
̣ҲԵζܲġŮ̫Լǰţͺòдڣ£ʧġ
ϤҶ˵˶ᵣģֻʱ᷸Ժ
ʱͷԺˣȻл̫Ϊ̣ȻΪ֪ǰǻ̫ǵĻһƺΪ̫
ոҶ˸ûȥעȸԱĻ֪̫Ҫ֪Ҫû˵Ļһǰǻ̫
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񣡡
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һӣȸԱŮǶʼҶˣܿǾƽϢˣֻΪ̫֣ʾҰ
ǲҪҰҲܲþûƺҸоһ˼ʮꡣ̫Ц˵
㻹Ἰʮ꣬ҪСŮˡŮ˵ʮȥʮ꣬ͱʮ꣬С˵ʮҲǼʮꡣ
ǺǣС˼⻰Һ̫ЦţЦƺܿģŮܶ꣬ϣ˳Լò

ٵСǲװͿû̫ôģһ򵥵Ľɫ⣬ǹԱŮ뷨
ҶһѪ壬ҲΪҶں̫ΪΪ·ȴ֪̫ȷе֣ɲҶſܵ۾ˡ
㡭ŮŻ̫˼ʲôƵģҶ˵ıһһҶŮ˼ͬ
ʲô㣿Ҫͻ̫һŵʲôʱһûڵĹС㡣
̣ҺŮŻ̫ŬŻ룬ú֣ǰƺеϤȴ벻Լʶһ̡
Ǽɣ̫һ£ȻЦ֪ĻΪСŮڴڨĻ̫ˡ
ҲɡҲǵˡŮҡҡͷʵ벻Ҳֻ÷ˡ
Сǽٵٰɣ̫Цʵ
ţ̣أŮʵ
̡
ҽС㻹ǽҰ̰ɣҵָ㣬鷳ġ̫Ҫ˵ϵҪֹҲ͸Ŀˡ
̫䣬˵ģҲʲô˶ģ˵ʱ˵ˣ˶Ҫùˡ
ŶǺạ̃
ţԣ̫һ¿ŮȻ˵ٵ٣˵һܲøңҵСŮϲȴˡѾͷˣ


199 ̣ţ2
ԭǳģ̫òƺǸСǸС֮󣬾һ̫ߣû̫Ӧû
̫ȻӦˣ׼ٵС̸̸ȴٵС㱻뵽˻ʹԹ
ڿٵС֮ǰе֮ƺСܶˣôĿ˶Ҳһ߹ȻСϲҲ˾ûȨҪ
ͬʱٵСϵı飬еһиУҲԾһǵض
ĶɲŮҲһ
ѵ˵ԼٵСԵ
ʱǸͬĹԱŮǣסˣеʼĽٵС㣬Ȼܵ
żһζѣѾĴҪǶദǻ˵ã
ѵ˵̫ҲϲƨոٵС㲻˵
ô˵ľ˻ϲģѪѪ߶ܺãͷһٵСʼϯ֮Уһ
ţó̫˵ûǻϾ͸㶨ˣʵ̫ˣ
ǣҶȴûõ淢չƻþΪ
ѾˣСŮİɣܸġŮʵ˵ֱӣֱӵ˷㶡
ѪʱˣѾԼˣҲóȻҶ˵ˣǾ͸ˡ
ǰĻѪһΪһԼȣڵе˵ˡ
ѪҪĻһὫҶôõĻᣬôָƻˣ
Ѫͬ飬ȸԱˣڶҪȥǿŵٵС㣬̫Ѿ˵ˣ㾹ȻܾǸ
̫һʱû뵽Ҷ˻ؾԼӦŶԣ֪ΪʲôԼȻûԼ㶨
飬СԼɣ
СΪʲôСѵҿˣҪϱףעⲻ
̫ſŮһˣԽԽϲŮκ˶Ķ
˵̫Ů˵ĽǶĻ˵Ҫʮ꣬һἵʣĽޣôôŮˣΪʲôУ
ڣȴһ̵ĽǶȣΪԼѡӣȫһˣϱȻԽԽá
̣ʲô㲻ҪңѾҵĶѾûдӦȨˣŮ˵仰һȺ˵İۣȻ˵̫Ҫ
û£ʱԼСѾͷСż𣿡̫Цʵ
ף̫ô⣿֡
ңŶûУŮһ£Ȼҡͷ
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ҲûУŮҡͷ
ǰ̰ܼкӣ̫ЦЦ
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飬ԽԽĪˣ
ˣֲ׵ģ̣ǲжӻû䣿ŮʵŮȼģû˻˱ˡ
ӶѾˣӻмû䣬ҿϾžͺʺϣ̫Ц˵
̫ôˣ˵ܶҲܽܣȻҪǽܣҪٵСΪ̫˼ˡ
㻹ӰӼˣûУŮʵΪ̫󻹺ᣬȻ롣
󵨣

ĻŮҲæһ䣺񣡡

Цҵӡ̫Ҫ˵ʱ򣬻ˣһϼݵͰѻˡ
ΪҶ˻Ϊ̫ǿЦӻûгҪԼĶš
ҶĻǻϽǾ仰
ȸʵ۹ʱ򣬳Ҷ̫˶Żʵ񣬵Ȼǹ񣬹½ǺٳֵģǶ񣬻
ȸʵۿ̫ڵʱҲһ£еԼĸôܿͻָ
ȸʵ΢ЦʵĸףôҲ
СҪ㶫ˣͽȡ̫΢Ц˵Сͦɰģ۸
ȸʵ۳Ĭһ֮ô۸һСĸ׻İҵСһ
壬ôôϡҶ˵ĿŮȸʵۣѿڶ
ȫĬȸʵۻ㲻ףԼҪʵСֻܶ࣬˵ԼᣬСô˵Լأ


200 ̣ţ3
㿴ҪȰ̶ҪôĸӣûࡣŮֹ

ȸʵˣ̫ȴ΢ЦƺãˣȻĿɿڴ
ȵȣǰ̵ĶӣǲҪסҲϲ壬İɣŮһܺµӡ
ʱȫˣ̫
СѾͷ˵ʲôȸʵüȫһͷˮ
̫ʱеʧ̬شЦţƽʱĻǲٵСǰһĸµķ緶
ֻڶٵС㿴ԼСϱ͵ģˣңոҶ˵Ļȷе̿
һ£õȸʵۣȻһС˵˭̲סЦҪǴȥΪ½ЦһЦ
ĸףȸʵʧ̬Ļ̫Ҳв뱻ȡЦ˼Ⲣǻʵ۵ϣĸ׶ӣҲ᲻˼ġ
̫ͣסЦݣ壬˵С̫˼ˣҵĶӣҪףĶŮܶ࣬Ҳ˵ˣӣ
˵ģôӣŮͷʵ
ģԣӦỵ̫́Ц˵ҪÿỤ̊ϱ
ֻ˶Ͳͬˣ̫ô˽̣˵ɲˡ
Ҷ˶ûʲôֻɻؿŻ̫˵ŶţǲоѪͳ
Ҷ˵֪鶼ǱȽϳģԶȥоѪͳˣȻҲǲ೤Щȴഺפ˥ϡ
ֻѪͳҲһǾǱȽУҲǾһԣŮԿϰܻһ
š
ƺ̫еЦЦ˵ܰɣҲ֪Ϊʲôֵ֮ܽоҵĶŮҲ졣
һַҲܣΪĻͻ䣡Ůص
󣿻ͻ䣿ⶼʲôˣʲôģˡ̫˵ô궼ôˣں
ιιţģѵ㻹ҪףҿûȤǴ嶼ûȤǽ飬йܶŮģǾ͸ûȤˣŮ˵ƺˡ
Լˣ죬Ǻܶý˵ŶΣ
ۡ
̫ҪأҲ࣬ȸʵ۵Ѿʼеˣ
СˣΪʲôģ̫һѺʵ
ҼǵãĻϽģôûеûòҵôáŮֱӵػصָ˵ûòȡ

һĬٵС㣬ʵ̫ǿˣǻȣȻ˵ûò
ҪȶûᣬȻ˵ʵ̫ˣ
㻹֪ɣӣĻϣ̫ЦЦſŮ˵
ǻϣΪʲôĸףŮʵ
̫Ѫͬʱ˵ֻѪֻҶ˿
ңĻ̫ȻǻϵĸףѪ̫󼸺ͬʱ˵ͬĻ
˵½Щ۹֮ĳƺʲôʲôǰ׺øĸơ
ԭԭȸ۹ĻϣʧˣҶ˿ſŮ˵
ţ̫ˣ
ˣ֪ΪǻûüҽܣҲܹ㣡̫΢Ц˵Ȼ뿪ˡ
ȸʵ۵飬ȥʣΪСҶҪѾû뷨ˣȻͻȥ
ٵ١С㣬ǾͿżɽ˵ɣǲһȸʵɫ
ǶѾˣŮġŮڵ
˭ˣŮʲôϵȸʵһһһͷˮģҶ˵ʲô
ոջ̫ѾˣҺСҶˣ治ǣΪбҪ뵽𣿡Ůòе㲻ˬ˵š
Ҷ˵ȷе㲻ˬ˾ˣΪ˿
Ҷ˾Ϊ֮һʱСûɫСίĲˡ
˭˵ԭСѾͷΪһСﵹǺܲҼϰ˵ģҼСѾͷģȸʵŪˣԭոջ̫Ϊ£һСȥ˼ˡ
ֻ˼ҵƢ˵ӦûٵС㷢쭣յֶΣٵС㽫ȴûУǵû쭣ٵС̬ȻǺͰס
⵽ô£


201 ܾ1
ôΪȸ۹ĻʵۣҾͻˣûоûУŮܸ߰˵
ѪҪֹҶˣҪٿʵˣûüȥԽԽˡ
Сʲô£Ժģ
ҲǺ˵ǸԼʵϵǸħǸܿ˵ħȸʵ˵
ǸҲȤ𣿡Ůʵ
УȸʵӦϻûȤĻô˵ص
Ҫȸʵ˹˵ǾǴţⶫҪٶȸʵ˵ǺҪġ
ʲôȤһ۹Ļʵۣ۹ľã۹һ㣬ͱضˣ㲻ҲҪɣŮȸʵۣе˵
û˵ģȸʵһ֮һȸ۹Ϻܿ˵ıأȻúܶһ
ȻĻһԭ
ʲôʲôһ㣬Ҫҵ𣡣ȸʵЩ˵ڸףΪʲô̫ٵСôãܲˡ
ʣȸʵۣѾû˶ûòˣԼļŮ⡣
˵ѶңҾ͸ʮҡȸʵǿżɽֱҶ׬˶ʮҡ
һӾ׬˶ʮңתһ£õ飬źܶ˶Ҫ뷨跨ȥᣬ¸κεĴۡ
Ҷ˾׵ĵõȫѴ֮ǶôĽ飡
ǣΪһܼӣΪһҪ׬ǮֻҪǮҶˣӦ
ȻǷ񶨵ģ
ҪŮҡҡͷܾ
԰ɣˣ˭׬ʮ򲻴Ӧءȵȣո˵ʲôҪ
ڳ˶ԼĶˣɵɵؿҶˣȸʵ۱ˣ벻Ĵ𰸡
ո˵ʲôҪȸʵ۴ʵ
ţ㻹ʡŵǮɡⶫ١С㲻Ů˵һ˵©죬ԳƱү
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ΪʲôҵأõĺôҲδػʮ֮ࡣȸʵʵΪʲôٵС㣬Ϊʲôܾ
ųϤҶ˵ˣκ˶뵽Ҷ˾ܾΪ׬ǮѣΪʲô
ΪҲϲҶ˸ڵɣǡǡҲ˵飬ȷΪϲѣûκεɡ
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ƺܺãȸʵۺܳԿҶ˺ռˣ
ʵȸʵҪõĶ˵ҪЩҪܶ࣬Ǽֵ۵⣬ֻҪֵ㹻ˡ
У˰æѰʵĳЩ˵ǿ棬ʱҪôôĻ
ʵϣȸʵֻΪ˷ֹⷢͬʱҲñ֪ʲô
ʲôأڻû֪϶Ƕȸ۹ҪĶȸʵ۲ϧȥûصĶ
£Ҷ˾Լռˣֻܶȸʵ˵Ҿܾ

ô㻹ܾ㵽Ҫô˶ҪٵС㣬ֻǶûȥΪٵС
ʱȸʵֻԼĶӣΪʲôôûãȻһСȻˣǾһҪƴס
ԼҲںޣΪʲôԼƤӵ£Ȼûз֣˵ĻԼ֪£֪һС
ΪˣûٱȸʵڵˣҪ֪ؾȻĶһһ󹦰
֮ԼҪõλ·Ϳߺܶ࣬ʱŮˣҪվˣ


202 ܾ2
ٵС㣬Ҳôңȥǿǣȸʵü˵¿Ѿȥôˡ
ÿŮȥ˼ӣ뿪۶óǸħ
ǣáףˣĿԿǣֻҪӦҳϯ̫ŵ磬ҾͿǿǣҪܿŵģҺӹһһⶫ͸̫ŵҲ˵ҶͻȻԼν¡
ȸʵɫأ˼һ󣬲ŵͷӦ
˵ʵҲѣֻһμѣԼͬҲûйϵġ
ǣҶ˵ڸߴңĿĵģ
СôôѪҡͷ
ãҴӦ㣬ｫλãֻһȸʵ۴Ӧˣ⣬ҲҪӦֻΪҪǸ
⣬ԼǿԽģ
һС𣿾ͷۣһˣԼĻʹ֮Уʲô
˵ˣѾ֪ĿĵģǾ͸׷
ֻһһи㣬𣿡Ůȸʵۣ֮гɫ
С֪ѪҪλӡ
Ȼ˵Ѫ߲һҪһʸʸ
ðɣ㶼ȸʵüһˣǿԿơ
ллϣڿ𣿡Ůлòʵ
ԣ߰ɣȸʵۻӻ֣еͷʹ˵
ټҶ˿ſŮһȻˣ˵ʱ򣬻Щߡ
ǲİɡ
˳ĬƺҶһˣӦûйԱҡ
Ҷܳȥ֮󣬾·ˣʵû˵Ҳûȥʵ֮ӦҲҶȥˣûȥܡ
£ǲģٴҶã·ԣߴģǹġ
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СҪȥѪںܾúܾ֮ŷе㲻ԾΪʲôôûûгļ
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СѪеڣԼӦÿҶˣԺģǵһٷ֮ʮŻߴط
ҪһεĻͲ֣
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֪ߣ˾һ·ѪûػصոһֱС֮У֪
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Ѫûҵ·Ҳûпκˣǿľ
С壬·һԺӣ涼ǽҶ˴ʵΪҪ֪·ΪͨѪ֪
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ݣѪ˳ܵһߣĻݣⱾѾۼĻݣڵĽǶƺøˡ
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ĵطȻŮӵĿ⣬ѪҲ⣬ʱһŮҪһ㡣
˵ǰ˵ڻڵĻǲ԰ٲֻҶˣͻ⣬Ҫʲôʲô
ûҶˣֻһ˵ĻҲֻҶߵʱžԼһͨŮӡ
ףЩݲݵǺϡУЩûģǸǸ˺þõĶõģҶ˱Ҫݵģȴһ˹ȥ
ѪûҶˣѾϰˣʱСŮ֮ķģڳ֮С
Ѫӳ֮лָʱʱѾȥܾˣʱҶˣѰһ£סˡ
ֻΪҶһ滨֮£ԭǳ滨ŪĿȫǣһҲ˳Լأȫ


203 ɧң1
СʲôѪҶ˵ߣñѾǽĵطøӵǽ塣
ڲɼС壬ҷڵ廹ðɼǺ鷳ģҪСģھͷܶ࣡ҶͷҲص˵Ūǿ滨
ʲôʲôãѪʵ
һֺĲҩҩƳҩһǲ֪ģҵĶ䷽ҵǵõһãŪˣҺòɵһЩҶһ˵ţһ߼Ū滨
ҿҲҪ֮ǰǿõĺ󳾣ϾͻѪ忴ǿĻΪĬ
ǻҲɼӣֳġҶ˲˵Ҳûдûš
㣬Ȼ»ᱻ˷֣ǾˣѪЩε˵Ҷˡ
ûµģ˵ʱǮǣеǮҶ˲˵

ˣ㶨㲻𣿡Ҷڲ֮󣬱չˣѪ塣
ˣѾˣС߰ɣѪ˵Ҷϵӱʮᡣ
鷳ҵģҶûᵽѪᣬܲʶȤƻˣ𼸸󣬽Լϵҳȫɾ
߰ɣСȥҳ·ѪҶˣܵϡ
Ҷ׼ſߵʱ԰֮нһˣһܿɰСŮòƾǸС
Сʱ򣬿˿վмĿŮһ¡
ôɶĻŮˣҵСڷӦ֮󣬱̶ſŮ
·ˣ֪ôȥ𣿡ŮСĻֱʵ
ߣҲ㣡ȥҵıСС죬ıһط
ˣҪˣѪ˳Сķﰵ˵
СܵķǱĵطǡǡҶ˸ոյҵĵطҲǿ滨ڵء
ϣС˵ıָǿ滨
Ϊʲôôҵıӣ˭ŪҵıСؿǿѾķѵ滨ۿת˵Ҳڳʡ

Ȼͷʹˣץţ
Ѫҡҡͷȴֵʱ򣬺ܵܵɫһ΢ı仯ûУһ㡣
Ҷʱһ£һ˶пܻȥ飬û˵ֱӰȾܣ
㣬һ㡭㲻ҪܣŮˣҵıСҲ㱿ϾͻΨһĿŮȻͷʵʱȴֿŮѾܵſˡ
㣬ǮŮͣһ£Ȼʵ
ҲŲҪĳǮҪҵıһһġС
ŶɡŮصӦÿ
ҲҪҪҡСȻ⣬꣬Ǹʱ򶼲֪ʲôӣֿͷ֧Ʊû˻š
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ܣС׷ſŮ
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ʹСݺݵ
ΪʲôŮʵ
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СٺҶ˵ֻȫȫȥ׷ҶĿĵܡ
Ǻڻʹ֮УһСģ׷սңСģ׷ս˲Сĺ䶯
С׷˭׿ʵ
֪ûеţش
ôʹԺֲʶˣ᲻ܿɣ˵
ǰܿɡҵͷ
ţ˻࿴˿Էͬʱ˵ǻ׷

ǰСվס
׷ŮģɲСпѶĻʹԿŮаΧ׷ϣ
˼ܸܲңôҶƺûпľ򣬿ô׷Լʵ
ǱߡЩһʱ֮ûӦָųʹķָֻķƺе࣬ⲢˣҶˣǳĵطͺܶࡣ
ллҶҲ׻ʹһǺܶŵģûлɣѡһܡ
ʱ򣬷ӦڳĬʲô£Ȼش׷ôȥ
ҲΪֻܷΪ˵ͼıߣһ˽֪ô֪ѵ·ߣҶʡ


204 ɧң2
ô˵ҶһֹֻҲ٣ʼɲֹˣзֲʹ˷ǡ
ֻôˣȻһʱץΪһСǸе޹⣡
Ҫ˵С㶷ħģǻܽܣ԰ΪһֿֿɲôץģҪһʱġ
ֻǣСȴʲôᣬͨһģħ϶ûгֹΨһͨ˲ͬľǻܣǳܣ
Сӵǿʼɣ
ʱΧˣȴӷ϶ߣת䷽ܡ
ʹⳡ׷սңʵ۶ˣԼĻʹǳʲô£֪ʱ˶סˡ
ԭΪǸϲСôû뿪ҵĻʹڣ
УЩǸʲôԵģһħСﶼץ˼һֻܣҪ˼һһаʽģǲǸû취
Ůôãһ֮֮⣬Ҷ˸ǿжʱһҪԭ򣬾

ιιСߴˣǱֻȥˣѪе
Ŷ֪ˣҶ˵ͷȥ
ǸʱǰѾ˲޵ȴŮϹȥˣ

ףС·Ҷ˿һ۵С·˽ȥԭ·Χһˡ

Ҷöڻʹϵ©֮УɵİôץץһƢûˡ
õģѪ廳ҶǿʽŻöڱ˵İȫ©
ʵҶθûȥȥʲôرҪĻҲҳˣҶҵذΧ֮Уʧ֪ٻᡣ
վסˣǱǡ
Ҷܵ÷ƺһطԽԽûʹΪţܵȥˣξ鷳ˣ²ܣЩҪԴ֮ˡ
ֻΪסһݼߵˣǻʵ۶Ҫӵˡ
ףţּˣŮܵһԺˣ˱ŵĻ̫󣬾ͺɵشһк
Ĭ
̫û뵽ôּСɻ󲻽⣬λСôл̫ţʶ
ʲôǷ˭أŮɻʵ
˭Ƿ㣬ոֵô󣬱˻Ϊʲôͼ
֪֣Ҳ֪ʲôС̫ſŮ֣ʾȥǱߣ԰ȫһ㡣
̫ʱ򣬻֪ʹɧףеС
Ŷ㣡Ҷ˶̫ĸоܺãӧ֪ԼǱҪˡ
ֻǣſŮȥʱ򣬻̫ߵûÿŮȥΪǲȷŮǲûΣա
̫һñԥ̷ֿ·òƻָ̫Ǻܸߵġ
Ů̫ܵߣȻһƣмơ

СڲҪңҵѾ㹻ˣͺ˵˵ôһܵģ̫еʵ˵СҪҲ˴ţҪ˵Ӧû˻
һ԰ŪһòݣǸСŮҪ⣬ֲҪҾˣԸŹң׷Ҳţһһ׷ңžҶ˽ľ˵˳
̫ĬֻΪ뵽һܣǷȷϵ⣬˵һ׷㣬Щ˶ʲôˣ
֪ʲôˣûʱ俴ǣǺЩһװŮָűϵ

̫ЩĬˣѾ϶ôãԭΪȴҪһԼ
Զԣ
ʱЩҲˣŰΧƺҪҲҪȷǲǰȫġ
μ̫󣬸ոǲиһҲͬʱǰѯʡ
Ѿ֪ˣǶ°ɣѾûˣ̫ڰ֡
ǡʱƺûзֻ̫ߵĿŮ
̣̣û°ɣиŮˡСģߡСܹŻ̫϶˵ţܿͷֿŮĴڡ
ʱ׷ŷԼ׷ϵĿŮڻ̫ߣǵľͿʼĿŮԻ̫


205 ɧң3
ôܽб˻Ůˣ̫
Сһû뵽̫ѵԼһΪŮˣеЩί
ǶȥɣһᣬСʶġ̫Щ˵
еͷˣֻȷһ㡪Լ׷ôãǰ׷ˣ
ƺҲһ⣬Լ׷ôã֪ԭ
ڻܲµõΪС֪С֣ңͱˡ
ڣȻ̫˵ûˣҲûˣ
ܿ죬ǾȥˣصǸԵĸλȷǺܿ죬ǻʼ
ڣ̫ߣֻпŮСЩȻҲ˵һȥˣΣѾˣȻͲ
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ҲŲҪĳǮŮСҡͷ
ŮҶЩ⣬̫Ҳе档
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СȻ⣬ȻʮĽҡ˵㻨ˣʮʮһħôҪʮ򣿡̫еɻʵ
ɲֹʮһЩģһܼŮСſŮͷƺڱӡ
ҾϲܼңҵĿ꣡ҶһηԣֻһͨŮУζƺе㲻ͬ
СѵͲ𣿾һǮ̫ʵǴ壬һӻʮңҲĲɡ
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ˣС飬ԼŰɡСҪҪŸһƣɳ̫ЦʿŮ
ãҲϲʹ뿴ˡŮָűϵСֱӵ˵
СſŮһĲˬߣҸ뿴㣬Ůˣ
ҪˣţиˣҳҲʶ·һΣҶѧˣҸ˴·
ãҽиˣҲʹˣΪСﱼµ̫Ц˵һͿŮ
Ҷǳˡ
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̣ƫģ㲻ˣءСŻ̫ڳоԼĵλˣԼϲǸŮҪԼ
СѾͷô᲻㣬СҲϲҪɩӺòã̫Сο
С۰СŮǲһӸıģҶ˻ûô͡
ҵɩӣҪҲϲôְܼҡСҡͷ
̫ͻȻסˣƺŷ⣬еСȥԼϱô
ܼңҵĲƲˣ
񣡣
ϸôһ룬Сȷǲʺϵϱôּң
˵ԼΪʲôСкøУеĪ

Ҷڳ֮󣬱֮е棬֮Ȼ˵ĺ䶯ǿŮòоҶ˵İܼϰߡ
ͬʱõǮǽңҲעģ
ҰܼŮǣǼһ˭֪ʮС㣬һǳϲǮİܼС㣬ʹõĶǽҡ
Сǲһ飿Ѫ忴Ҷ˵ǸʱѾ浽ˡ
ˣҶڻص
ȷûѾˣ
ţˣѪͷҲˡ
ȻˣǾͲˣǰɣ



206 ˣ1
ȸʹŵ棬иǻŮվڽصˣŮѪߡ
СѪ壬ôʲôʲô¡Ѫ߿档
ڵҶ˳뷨Ҷ˼ȻŽȥǾӦôųͬʱҿ϶ʵҶʲô飬ҲͲ֪Ҫٵʱ䡣
֪һ£ǾҶ˽ȥ֮󣬻ûдų
ֻǣ֪ҶΪڻʹﵽܣѾƫԭѾһųȥˡ
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С㣬ѾˣôڣһǰѪһ䡣
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СҲõģȻ˻ϺСл̫ţѾûˣųˣ΢Ц˵
ѪһǣҶʲôʱʶ̫ģôᱻ̫š
ѵ˵ȥʱģĻҲΪ
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ѪһȻҧҧ˵С㣬ÿģҲңװ׵һ죡
ѪںܻԭԼǰ׵ȵģһװΪҶ˵ôãԽԽ
ҪȥҶ˴ж˿飬Ҳ˺Ǹ˵лл
ЦЦһڻʹǰվţǵķһЩŻѪ߽

С㣬û𣿡ѪŭسҶ˺
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ͺˣʲôſңҶ˸Լһӡ
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Ҫ֪飬ǻ̫Ҷ£Ҷ˵ȸʵСЩ̸Լ
Ͼ˵Ҷȸʵ۵ĹϵζûйϵֻҪһţ̫磬ֻҪ̫˵Уȸʵ۷ԣҲûʲôá
ӦԼľҪ֪ҶΪһħȸʵֵôһᱻιȥ
ǸŰҶ˻ص
ʲôţѪֵʵ˵̫
žǻ̫󣡡Ѫһ˵
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ܾôãѪֵʵ
ҲûʲôãǸӣܶ˶ҶġҶ˶ԴһҲ֣õ˲Ҫ̫ˣȫСƶѡ
˵һ˶ҲǺԸйϵԺԸ񣬻˰ķģ᲻֪ȥչ
ǰѪ˵ӣѪҲе㡣
ȻˣЩչˣǺøУŮ֮ϲС߹ڣǣ
Ŀǰû˶Ҷĸ飬ΪĲ


207 ˣ2
ǰС㣬ʱȷϲֻǣʱҲᣡѪһ۸Ҷһ£ҶϹţƺֱ泩ܶࡣ
ǰܶҲܺңͲˣУ㣬۸ңҲǺǵģҶ˶Ѫߴ
۸ôˣһҧҡС㣬㻹ҧѪߵĻû˵꣬Ҷ˾һҧסָ
˵㲻µģҧҶ˵һ󣬼ʹҧһڡ
Ѫ߳ʹؽеʮָģҶ˱СˣһҧȥҲܡ
С㡭
أԿ

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ѪߣСѾͻ̸ͿܿԽʼϯʱͿԽӽֻһλе鷳ǻᱻ˷ţҪһ־ͻһ㣡Ѫ˵
ʲôҲȥ𣿡Ѫ߶ЩϢһʱе֪Ҷ̸֪ԼҲȥ
ͬʱҲ֣ΪʲôԼᱻš
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ʵϣѪһ㣬ΪʲôҪܳⲢİţÿʲôģֻѪһ˵ģֻš
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ððҶ˷ܲѡ
Ѫ忴Ҷˣðɣȥһ°ɣ
ڶ죬Сǵ棬ƺԺ֣һжҶ˸ˣһܿġ
һ죬ûзκ飬ƺ춼ͬǿֵһ졣
ѪһƺˣΪʲôѪĸı䣬Ϊʲô֮ǰѪ˵Լʱ䣬ֵġ
ֻΪҲѪƵĸܣſһУſѪ飬ƺǱڡ
죬һ׼ãҶ˻ǱһСɫ֮󣬰Ůǰɫ׼ϯ̫硣
֮ʱ˾ͿĽֵøֶ֣ˣֵڽ죬һװ
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죬۹Ļ̫ٳ̫ÿȸ۹˶ǱȽϲ֮ƺΪԼףһ
ֻϲ֮Уȴɱ֪᲻ⳡòгǸеģ
Ҳǻ̫ϲŮ֮һҲÿ궼ᱻ̫йæµҲһҪϹ
Щδ֪ΪЩδ飡
Ѫڳ֮ǰ׼˳еȴ֣ͲҪ׼ΪʹѾ
Ⲣÿ˶еĴܵ˻ʵ۵룬ҲרŵͣΪҲþú֣ٵСôĴ
ԭŲ֪û˻뵽ȸʵ˹ٵС㣬Ϊ˷ֹһЩͼıĿܡ
Ҷ֪ԭ


208 ˣ3
ᣬһᣬֻӾԼǶԵģԼǶôõ飡
ԭҹʲôԭ򣡣
Ҷ˼һܣڻʹ֮У˳Ľ˻ʹһ·͵繬
Ҷ˽繬ʱʱ䲻絫ҲʼϯһʱŻῪ
˻ʼϯ滹йԱģƽϯֱڲͬĵطʹ֮ǰĹ㳡Ǹطۼ˺ܶˣҲ˺ܶϯԱȽϼеĵط
ҲǴ󲿷ָ߹٣ȨƵĴ弯еĵط˻ʼϯĵߵģ
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˵ڻûеһæˣһ㶼ʱ򵽣ٵһᣡ̫еΪʲôС֪ܿ;Ȼˡ
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ǿŮһߣǳһ£ûйȥΪô˵Ҳӣôܷܣ
СˣһжԵˣ̫󿴵Ҳûа취»Ҫȸʵһͬȥͬ֡£ҲǽԵ֡


209 ɱж1
ѪѪڹ۲컷׼ôɱ飡
ѾҶˣ֪ɱȫûаǲϵֱҲѪû뵽顣
Ѫ뷨һܴ⣬ȴû뵽ô򵥣
ǷҶˣôҲû뵽Ҷ˵ϣһκ˶벻飡
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տʼΪҶ˯ˣ͹ȥҪҶˣҪʱ˯ɡ
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СôˣѪеˣǰ״̬Ҷ˾˯úҲٻе㷴ӦֻǷӦȴ޷Ӧ
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ڻ壬ЩԱѾϰˣΪѾǵһˣ
ҲһС֪ٵԭʵǽΪȽ϶࣬ٶֻ࣬Ҫһ£ҲǿԸϡ
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ǰÿһμ磬߳ϯһЩϣֻҪлᣬ˾ͻҲᷳ飬Ըɴѡٵ
Ҳһ֮ˣʱῴĿֻҪԼϲͿԣȻˣҲ˴ŵʱ
Ҳʵȥԣһǲ˵ʵ˵ģΪС˵
ٵǲᵽģ
ˡ
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ĳ֣Ҳڳ֮˵Ŀ⣬еϣһĿⱻ˺һӣȻŲ뿪
ĺʹһ˼ʣѪһ˵һߴſŮԾضԱ
Ůĳ̶ѾԽȴһֶصʣһʤŮ
һ㣬ҲǴҾ֣Ѫ߾ú飬ΪŮһܣϾͲͨ˻ٻеʡ


210 ɱж2
ŮǺ޿ޣȴȻʤˣҪԭһ˶ӦеĸʣһĻǾͿʤһС
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ʱ򣬴ҶעϣͲŵһС˾˵ˣѪ֮ǺǿģøֲͬĻأ޷ԼƤӵ£ǶſҲһˣ
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ʱѪͻȻ֣ڳвֻԼһСжкܶСڹͬš
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Ѫôܻ᲻֪ԼԱ
֪ЩԱôģƺݽֻ֪ЩԱѾڲΪ֪£γһΧȦʱܶ֡
ףȻ֯Լ˹ûн֮ǰӦòһС
Ѫ鰲ź󱸵ĳǺЩ󱸳ʧ֮󣬲ŻУоͿʼС
ˣǵԼСʧܺı֤򣡣
Ѫֻ룬ֻ󱸳ǽϵģɱĲݣѪеĴۡ
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ѪߡѪڹ˲֮󣬱ˡ
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ԽСǸþͻԽѪոֱӱɺԶСͱ˸ˡ
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Уһ֣ҿͻᱻ֣Ѫҡͷֻİ취¶ãٹȥһᣬеĻ֮취С
˵¶ҲҪˣһƭԹԵĺ¶ҩѪһװе㽾˵ȻʱѪѾˡ

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СѾͷҲ㣬ǲûвԣЦЦС˵
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оԽԽ֣ʲô˰æһ
ҪǱϤҶ˵ֻ֪Ц˵һҲ֣һ谲ŵġ
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ŮˣСſϵĿŮֻǿŮ޷ӦҲǱȻġ
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ôô֣ܲܽѣǺܸɴֱ࣬ܲܽѣš
۸СˣͻҪᣬֲ˷ʱ侫ģǾ͸˵ˣ
вѡѪе㺹գҪŵĻѾˣ˵


211 ɱ3
ǡҪˣвѶȲԸ
һֱĽ㣬һŮ˿ĳɾͣŮ˵ĽܲҺһƣѪӣٵ˵ƣҪһ
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ۡѪһѪصɳȥײ˱Ե
ͻȻıʣһߵСסˣ׷ʲô£ȫĿҲߣͬⲻ׷ʲô
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ԼĸҪɱԼǼͼͣȸʵ۵ȣǽȥ


212 Ųµǣң1
ȸʵǿˣԼĿ⣬ԼȻҲ⣬Եؿ񱩣
˵ʱҪ˵ʲô£һὫЩʬΣ
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213 Ųµǣң2
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214 ս1
С쵰һ£
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215 ս2
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صˣʵҪһγ׵̲飬ҪŪµǰҪ֪˭ҪɱͬʱҲܺҶ˵Լĸݡ

ȸʹ̫Ĺ֮УѪ뼸ѪԱӣڶţڹ֮С
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£ҪһˣǾҶѪ³Աһܺõͻƿڣ֮ǰȸʵƺҪ֪Ҷ˵ݡ
ʵȸʵۣѪߵҲһҪ֪ǲҶΪʲôͻȻԼ
Ҷڱ棬˵ԼҪҩ·
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ߣҳȥҶʱܲˬΪһɾ͵
Ȼ͵Ϊʲô㻹Ҫ
ɺܼ򵥣ΪҪߣ



216 ս3
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С쵰㡭Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻ뵽֮ǰС˵Ů۸֮ŲСĦ
ʱûпȥڣֻЦҶˣС쵰ôͻȻôҲ֪ͨһ£ҲǸ߹㣬ʱҪңǲƤˣ˵Ļˣ
ûУҶҡҡͷ⻰ƺ⣬Ļȴúơ
㶼ˣ

ĬһᣬȻҶ˵ҪʹҶˣŻģΪʱҶˣģҲһʹ
ʹҶ˽ʹƴš
㻹Ҳңſ֣˵
ҾǵҲûãûиҶ˺޹˵
û㣬ҲǸһӣֻҪͻ˴ҵģû˵
ǸĿ𣿲һ𣿡Ҷ˵óǿƿţôҲʲôõġ
ƣѵǡ㾹Ȼƶ
ʲôݵˣԵҵκ˵
ƣ׵ˣҲûеõڳܶ˶ΪԾЩӵаҶϵ˼
ҶʱȴȻûиı俴ܲ˵ȻûõƣҪʲôãȻˣһҪʲô
ǰҶΪԼı㶼ˣĶԼһԽã
СɵϣǵġһҶˣе޿κΣȴҲ΢ЦԼϲСɵһ㡣
˵Ҷ˵ĸ㣬ƺѾ֮ˣ
ÿҶ˵ģǸҶ˸֪ʲôı㣬û뵽Ȼȸ۹
ֲÿյ۹һصӣ֪ݣһܴ鷳Ҫǣ鷳
ݣһǰյ۹Ǿ޴飬ȴҪ޴ȥֹһΡ
ֻΪҪϲŲµˡҶˣ
ǰ֪ԼŲµҶˣոͷһУ˸ĸֵܣѣȨ˵Ƿ磬ȴΨŲҶˣ
ʱ̣ҪҶɵɵСԴ
Ϊ֪Ų£ҶĪľУҲ󺰳ƺҶ˵ĴţҶ˴֮УͻȻѣ
ǸʱҶ˱ţŮ죬Ǻѹ˴СҲһ
ĺȻ󣬵ԶԶܰҶ˽ѣ
ҶǸоΣգŻͻȻѹ
Ҷʱ򣬾ͻú侲˲ſŮŮٶȣ
ˣҶ˵ı÷ŭٳֵĸ飬һ̣ʲôû룬ֻɱЩ˵Ĵ̿͡
ʱ򣬾ʥҲὫɱ
ҲΪʱΧɱ˶ѾˣѪºҲԼʶҶˣûбҶ˿Լ֣ҺõǰԶĹ
ȻĻҶҲԥؽɱ
С쵰˵Щ㵽ʲô˵
Ұˣɱģ



217 ţ1
ҶͻȻԼҪ£ڿɲ֪ԼҪɱı㡣

ʱ򣬼˵ĳĬǲ֪Ҷʲô˼ʱҪ˵Ҫɱѵ֪˭
Կ϶һ£ԭҶǺѪߵһģ
С壬죬ȥɱǸҶ˿ſܣ׼Ҫȥɱǰ
һץסҶˣеҶһ¡
ʲôҪȥִ񰡣ˣ㣬㻹ûңΪʲôҶͻȻ⣬˵ɱʵܴҪܴҪûҪ
ҾǲҪɱңҶһ¡
Ҷ˴ؿ
㣬ѵ֪˭𣿡Сһʵ⣬ҲǺܶҪ֪ġ
˵ĸôãȻ֪˭е㲻˼顣
Ȼ˻̫ȸʵۣΪ֪ԭΪʲô
֪֪н飬͸øˣõʱСɵϻæɱˣЦ˵⻰˼Ҷ˰ɱˣҲҶʲô
㣬Ҷ˴ʵ
ǵģôˣǲǻҪɱأ˵
ôɱ㣬Ѫ飬ֲѪˣҪѪ飡Ҷ˵ʱ򣬴Ҷһֵֺĸоƺû˻ǷѪ飬ֻ
Ѫ飿üͷҲѪ֯ôҲ벻ѪԼ
С壬ҪҪΪУҪѪˣҶûйģֻǶſܵķ˵
ûѪڲڣһҶˣѾڿܵϣ
ں˭˵Ŀ𣿡ֵʵ
ҲΪУҲѪΪУѪʱѪҲҶ˵ǰ
Ѫ岻ô˵ȴ˵Լĵ뷨ڵκ£ҶΪУΪ֪Լ²֡
ͬʱҲѪ⣬ϾѪˣ
ǰɣһһС㣬ÿɰǺһԡؿǰ棬Ѿ˵Ѫ顣
⣡Ѫ飬ΪʲôҪɱȸʵѪ֮󣬾ͨһЩ飬ֲЩͻȻҪɱ֮ѪˣҲ֪ġ
ˣѪ˭ģȸʵ۵ģѪ˾ȸʵֻۣ֯ڻʵ۵ģſԱڣ
ԣȸʵҲ֪Ѫһ˭ġӣ
Ϊǲ鵽ǲҪ̵磬ȡλ侲˵
ʲô֤ݣȸʵʵ
ΪҲ鵽ÿһʱͻȥյ۹Լһȥκˣһȥ֮Ϸ䣬ɱԣһɣҲһһΣ˵
֮ǰһΪʲôҪȥŲȥˣһȥСҶˣаùö԰ɣ̫ͻȻ˵
ţͷ
ô֪㰲ùãô֪յ۹ֵ̫ʵ
ǲǵãСʱҵյ۹ˣǰùþңҲ֪յ۹Ҷң֪СɵϵĴڣ̣֪֪СɵϣСʱܿɰģڸɵɰҲָҶˡ
໣ٶҾҧ㣡Ҷ˶
ԿЦ
ҧ㣡Ҷҧȥˡ
ҧҧ֪ҧԸǺ˽ģڶ㡣
ʱ򣬴һ֣ᷢҶȥģŪţǿɰ
ôɵſϣҶţе鶼Ժڳ֮˺ٿ
ǵӦǲһ棬ӦǿƵŮǿˣ˷ʱһЩνϣȻνΪģ
̫ˣ΢Цţйů
ڻ̫ҲˣԼΪʲôԿŮиУԭΪҶ˿ƵģҶġ
⣬֪û֤ǲᶯ֣˭֤ݣȸʵʵƾŲ²⣬Ѫж
ǣӳ⣡
ƺܣƺҲǺпܣ˾úìܣ
ΪȸʵѡѪѪһѪһλӣͱʾȨ⣬ѪһֻԵ۹ģȨ붷ЩҪ⣡


218 ţ2
ΪѪһǺټģһ㶼ǵʵ۵ĸһڻʵ۱֮ҲжλӣѪ齻µĻʵۣ
һѪ飬Ҳͱʾţʧȥ˻ʵ۵ļ̳ȨҲΪʲôӻٵѪһ
ҲΪҪȻѪһĻһֲϲȨˡ
ȸʵ۵ΪĲܣ
ӱϾӣʱܵһЩӰ죬ܻΪԼֵ֮棬ѪְȨһЩ顣
Ҳ˾úпܵ
û֤ݣӿ˿Ȼ˵
ԭɱĻʵͲҪ֤ݣΪ˭֪ȥյ۹ʲôģҲûȥ͡
ڣţҸһܺõĽͣκζỳɵɣ
ʵӱҲǹģֱѪΪ£ʮа˾ģôҲ벻ȥȻΪ˿Ҷһˡ
ȷκ˶벻ģеˣðΣնһ͵͵Ǳյ۹ĿľΪ˿˶ѣ˵Ŀ
ʵϣԭҲΪȥҶ˵Ĵڣ̲סҪȥðΣչȥ
ʵûҶأðΣչȥǾͿܻŲΪ֪ı
ҲӾõģþû֤ݣҲһԿ϶ͼı죬ϣҪɱľе㼱ˣǵǷ׵
ֻǷһ㣬ҶأͲʧܣ
ҶˣǸܾͻѪģѪʮȻˣҲ˴󲿷ֻ֣Ҫ˼Ҳɣ
ֻǣĿܾͲȴҲԽɱǸʱǣѪϣ
ʵϣûпܣѪҲǿһɱֻǸĴۻܴ󣬲һʱʧܡ
ֻոյƺҲ֤ˣԻܴٸոûҶͻȻɱĻѾˣ
ΪʲôҪɱΪ˭ȸʵüĽȻҲ֤˵⡣
һֺìܵ飬˭ϣʱ򣬻һȫĽͣʵȴ˵Ĳпᣡ
һˣҪλãֻҪˣҵЩֵܽþͻῪʼڶҾͻлĳǣƽ˵ţƺûΪ˱ˣΪԼ
ôΪʲô£֪µ˳˾ȸʵۿ˵ƺѰϵ΢飬Ҫ׽һЩϢ
ҽܣֻΪԼһ룬Ѫ˭֪˵Ѫһֱһ⣬ûѪһӴѪһκѪһ⣬Ѫʲô
ȸʵ۳ĬûֻûԼѡϡ
ÿһȸʵ۶뵽⣬ȴû˻뵽ԼһϣҲ˵ĳԣԼϣ
Ѫ飬ͻѪһĹߣţҶʱͻȻ廰
Ҷ˵ΪеĪ˽ҶˣȥʣԺҲô˼·
ûҪһ쵼Ѫ飬ҲǱⲻ˵飡ȸʵü
ѪҪѪһҲǲʵǰһͳ죬ûල
ǵ飬ֻ˵һҪɱѪһСѪ޹أҶ˺ֱӵ˵ɲЩ£ֻҪ˵Ѫ޹ġ
ûεѪһ⣬ѪƵ⣬ѪûκεĴ
ܵܣԭţСϵһ㰡Ц˵վһҶѪˣЩŹ֡
ȻһˣΨһһˣҪչҶ˵ͷ˵

˭չ˭Ѫչɣ
չ𣿡Ѫ廹û飬ѾˣΪҶչˣǾԲܵ飬٣ڴ
ȻᣡҶؿ˵
Ź֣ûصҶһ¡
ߣСߣҶѪ׼ˣţڣҲϲš
ʵҲ˵ԭ򣬱ˣƽʱɲϲһΪǻ۸
һ£ڲһһ£


219 ţ3
ǰߣҶץЦ˵Ҷ뿪ԼȴҲ
飬ŪΪҶڣͰЩԺ󣬸ոһֱûӡ
Ѿһ䣬ǻһЩҪ̸ˣӴȥѪʱعԼλӣ˶رһ£ȸʵһȴһ£ЩҪ´ЩﴦҲ㡣
ݰݡҶ˼סˣͺܸ˵غţ׼Ҳһ뿪
Ҳ£ôҶߵ
ϰǽ㣬ֲǽңǸŮģмǵóҩҶ˳ȥҲ֪ôģú֡
Ҳʱ򣬻̫ͻȻ֣ҶץߣҶ˷ģϸš
ſҰţҶ˽е
ţе֣ܿͨˣ뵽Ҷ˾Ժģ֪̫Ҳ˵Ļͻҽˡ
治µʵ޽ӽˣ
ʲôţţ̫Ҷ˵ƺ࣬ȴЦ⡣
ţҶ˿Ż̫Ȼ˵һ˵ĻţҪռұûţ
ȸ۹Ļ̫󣬻ռı
ֻ飬ȷеͻȻ
СŻռ𣿡̫˵
ûţûţҶҡͷ
̫⻰̴֮һ£мƺźܶĹ¡
Ҷǰɣ֪ܼҵҶʮүȻûмһֱעǣȸʵۿҶˣид˵
֪Ѿյ۹˵Ӯһȸʵ˵µʱɫеŹ֡
ҶӮһСѾ½ˣͬʱҲ֪ҶӮµСڽҶǣҶҶϵء
Ϊ飬Ҳô΢Ҷ˵飬ϾҶǹעҶҵ򣡣
Ҷҵ򣬿ܻô½ĸַı䣡
ֻǴûҶҾȻº̣ʼӪһҵС
ˣܵܣǵô£Ϊʲô䣬ҶôѣУôӳģôӮһңһһ⣬ЩģȴһֱûŪ顣
Ȼ˵Ҷ֪յ۹ʲô£ȴû֪мϸڣЩһֱյ۹ţû֪
֪ĻڵҶˣͻΪ˹עĶ󣬶⽫Խ࣡
ŮˣͿ̬ˣҶҷѣȥϰ֣Ҳ֪𣬺ܼ򵥣ӳ
ҶһĻشҲֻŻһĻشһ£ͺĿһ
ʱѪ֪ԭҶֱǺģʶģһԹ
ͬʱҶ˵ѪҲ֪ˣҶʮүѪѪ߶ܾȣû뵽СȻݱ
ӮһҾͲ֪ˣǸҪҶģرʲôʲôȻҾӮȫܲ˴ȥɱˣ
˼ãǶʲôӮʲôǸɻȻġЩ˵

𣿡Ҷ˴ʵ
ǣϣûбСɵõģɵɵЦ˵
ˣ֪ǽܸãҲҪҺСһ¸飡̫ʱ˵ԲԣҵС
ҲݣҶ˾ܾƺ
Ȼ㣬Ҳ𣿡̫˵
㣬йϵ𣿡Ҷֵʵ
ôûϵ̱̣ܴʻš
˵˵ôôô˵ס̫еˡ
Ҿ֪ҡҡͷ˵ܵܣţǰùõĸףġ
ݹȻǲ򵥣Ȼȸ۹Ĺһûж֪Ҫ˵ҶǱߣȸ۹Ҳ֪
ֻΪһĹмźܶ£ҲҶһֱ֪Լȸ۹߹ݡ
Щ£Ҳ̫֮һЩĤĸоˣҶҲܸоĳ
ҲŲ˵ʲôû˵ûУǣǣҶ˺ֱӵ˵ûн˵
Сôת䣡̫˶еˡ


220 ȸѪ1
ܵܣ಻ңʵ
ҵȻˣҶ˵
Ҹ㣬ţ˵
ǣҶҡͷ
㵽಻ң
ţ
ţ
ǣ

ô˵Ҷ˶Ļشȴֲϻ̫š
С쵰ǲƤˣô˵˵ңŭҶˡ
㰡ȷǣҶ˵
ȻңǾӦǣ
Ϊʲô㣬ǲʲôϵ
㡭
˵ʲôҲãû˵ûУһȥ˵
Ѿûκεİ취ˣҲ֪˵ʲôҶ˶ϣ˽Ҷ˵ԸȻԺЩȴԭ
ƺҲоҶ֮ԲϣȫϣȻһֱû˵£ûиҶ˼ֵܽǵ˭û˵飬Ǿͱʾʲôǣ
ҶǾҪľ
СһֱҲûлһΣҵ˳һ˭ûżûУʵѾˣ
Ҷ꼸ô⣬ûȥʣҶԺģû⣡
ֻû뵽ҶȻԺһȴҲֵúҶ꼸Ҫ
˵ʱҶ꼸ڳĻô˵Ҳϻ̫ǵţһţҶ
Ҳ˵һ㣬Ҷ˵ԭҪκ˶Ҫᶨ
ˣˣ黹ǵȹù˵ºˣҪ
ĸŮ֮⣬ҲҪԼ
ҲʱȥҰһ£ôˣһֱû棡ڣѾ뿪յ۹ҲӦʧˣ̫̾һҲ뵽Լ⡣
⣬ʵѾܾúܾˣҲһȴһֱûлᣡ
ܵܣʲôʱȥùãʵ
Ҳ֪Ҷҡҡͷ˵
ô᲻֪е棬̫Ҳе֡
ǳ½ģ֪ʲôʱȥҶ˻ص
⻰֮ƺЩģ֪ʲôܿ죬Ļͽ⡪
ԭ뵽ȸңû㣡
ǣұҪȥ椵ģҶҡҡͷʵػش𣬽Ǹ˴ɢ
ߣҾ֪ûôԡȵȣ˵ȥ̩ţҼǵ̩ǻ岿ģڱߣôܵѵ˵С쵰·𣿡Ҷ˵ֻȷһ£Ѿ϶Ҷ·ˡ
ϻ·ˣôԯ޵
ǰû·ҸӶţһΪЩǰȵˡҶҡҡͷص
·жٷֱˣô˶ϴˣ
㰡˷Ųģ㻹ǿ̩ҹչͲ⣡Щ˵
ʱ򣬻̫ҲҶ˵֪һ㣬֪Ժ⣬·ë
ţҵ¾׼ȥʥǣȻȥ䣡Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ʲôҪߣԣҼ죬ߡʮ룡˵ӻ̫ҶˣҶ˵
аҵʱûˣǸϲǸλҽҵģҶҡͷ˵
λ˵Ǹ½ѧԺ֮ıҲȥμӣЩ⣬Ҷ˾Ȼȥμ˵ֻȥѡ
Ҷ˵ͷشţҴҶѧԺȥģΪ˴ҶѧԺƣҽ㣬СߣСǶȥˣ
ŶĻҪע㰲ȫһҲȥ˵ܿ϶Լûʱ䡣
֪ˣǿ˵Ǻ˵һҪأҶ˶˵ڴߴ٣ߴЩ˿£˵
ҶΪȸʵҪˣһ飬Ϊ˺ԼݣţΪݣ
ҲҪ˵ҵ㣬¾Ҫ˵ȸʵۿҶˣ˵е㻺ƺе㲻˼ȴֲò˵
ʲô£Ҷֵʵôô֡
ѵˣΪʲôȸʵ˵
֪ɱ㣬ʲôҶ˿Լǰζɱģûˣ
Ҷһ£һҶ˷˼


221 ȸѪ2
ﰡû˵Ҷȫûо򣬸ոʵھˡ
˵˵˵ҲУǰԵ˵ҲϲԣΪ֪㱿ҲһУ
ûԣֻǲ֪ҶƺףҺѪס
С˵ˣǲϲֻ˵˵ҲϲѪһεǱˣƺĸһ
ոգҶ˲һʹһ棬ģ
ŶҶӦ
ιιܲҼ˵ȸʵ۷Ҷ˵ƺϣҶԼ񣬾Ǳ
Բ˵ɣҶ˺ò˵
ҶˣȻһˣǸħǲǿøңҿԸ˫ļǮȸʵʵҪĻǸħҶ˵Ŀľ
ԭ˵ԣǲһˣҶ˾ܾ
ȸʵüôСôѲ
˵ʲôʲôħֵʵ
Ǻܿ˵һħС֮ǰлʮϰġȸʵЩ˵
һħͻʮСܼӣôܼңȻ׿ϳ˫Ǯ򣬾һһöƺ׬ˣЦ˵
ߣҶ˺ܲˬ˵
˺ˣףҪħΪʲôΪ˺ܿ˵ıذɣ㲻ϡģҲΪ˷ֱܵӵ˵ʱڷģֻʣ¼ˣȸʵһˡ
ʱʲôѾֱ˵ˣҪ˼
ˣȸʵҲ˵˴𰸣Ӧ֪м֮ȸ£ȸǶ֪Ҳ֪ǵǿ֪ܲһǰͲʲôʧȸѪ񣡣
ȸѪ񣿡üƺǺҲǲ࣬еû
ȸѪ񣬸ʷϼأȸ֮ѪɵģЩϵȵһӨ͸ΨһͬľɫѪɫģ˵ȸѪΪȸ֮ѪɵģŻ׹ǵЧǺܶ
ͬʱҲһִ˵ȸѪ棬һֺصͼƣóѪ˷ӳǿĻϵħκ˶ԷӣҲκεģֻǣĿǰΪֹû֪ʹõķ
ΪһϵƷȸѪҲǺǿģϾȸ֮Ѫɵģ
ЩѾȸѪҪԣȸ۹֮ô򵥣ĪĹܣȻЩֻǴţȷ٣
ʱȫ˶סˣ˵Щˣ֮г˹죬Ѫ⡣
˵Щǳȸʵ֮ڣǾ˳µ飬ҲͲžȣЩȸʵ˵ģǳҶ֮ڣ
Ҷ˾Ȼһ㣬ȸѪ˵һ飬˶е⣬ȸʵۣѪΪʲô⣬һΪ֪Ҷ˻֪ЩϡŹֵ飬һͺûʲôþȵġ
ȻҶԺһ㣬ϵĳɾͣѪһǷ֮ˣ
ʷϣȸѪһǧǰһֱûг֣ʱոպǺܿ˻ԾʱǸòǱ˰ɣҶ˼˵

СӵǾԺ͸ʷϣܲ²ô࣬òҲΪһЩ飬֪ܿ˻бأħǱصԿס
ӷͬһ㰡
ȷûȸѪ񵱳Ǳܿ˴ߣȸʵ˵
ףѵģҶͻȻ˵µĿȸʵۡ
Ҳ֪ȸʵЩˡ
ʲôţʵ
ںܿµռп˴Ժܿ˲ͨĺһѵĹ幫ӣΪϲʣźܸߵܽˮƽҶ˵å£µĻå仰Ҳһں
幫ӣܴȸѪǾͿܲǹ幫ôˣΪԭҲᵥˣüȸʵۡ
ȿȣЩˣǾͲҪȥоˣҶҲ֪ˣǲǿ԰ħøңҿԸ㲹ȸʵʵ
Ҷ˻һǵĴұʲôš
ףɣС쵰Զ㣡ҡҡͷ¶Ե۹˵ҪҲò֡


222 ȸѪ3
ȸʵ۰ڰ֣ϣ˿ԴҶ˽̸УҶͷˡ
С쵰ħңһ㲹㣡Ҷ̯֣Ҷ˽
ιι𣿸ոո˫㾹Ȼһ㶼أ
ΪҶһʱΪҪ취ʱҶȴ֮ģԹԵؽ˳
㣡Ҷ˰ħӸ

˶һص°ͣþòƽ
͹ˣ½ȥӻһ£Ǯ㸶Ц˵ħ뵽ôµȸʵۡ
ǿȥҶ˵
ѵôĻʮ򣬾ˣ̫еʵ
ȻˣܹԵģǺҵĻЦЦȻŲʵӦ֪Ͳϲ׬ǮֻϲܼңոոҪ˫ҶˣҲһ
㲻ʧʮͿܻ㣬Ҳռ˵ģɷĽָõĽָп˲ٺöеļ˵ĻҲ

ʲô˰ôô֣׬˵ģϲ
ˣûǵ˰ɣ߰ɣҶŮļϣʱѾҪزصˡ
ȵȰɣҿһᣬȻʱֻᱻ鷳ʱ˵仰˾еĪ
Ҷ˲ȸʵ۵Ҳʲô顣
ף֪֪ħİ취Цʵ
Ҳ֪ϰ˰ɣռǣӦ֪ôħȸʵҡҡͷش
ǰ˵ռϵ˵һ㣬˵Ҫȷİ취ܿȻĶͻԶ١ռҲһЩھҪ˸ʲôһֽУھǡ
ӿʼпھܳܳĿھ˾ȫŪĿھ
֮󣬾ͼ˵ʵ֮ǰҲ˷ֹ˱ʱȥҲûҲҪϺܳʱ䣡
ЦЦص˵벻ʱ򿪣
Ȼ룬ѵа취ȸʵʵ
ٺ٣С쵰öھ𣿡תҶʵ
Ҷҡҡͷʵػش
֪ȥħҶ˵
Ŷ֪ˣҶ˿ſŮ˹ȥȸʵ۵ûħȻŪ
ڸʲô˵ˣô򿪣ȸʵ۵˲ס
ĶʵûϵֻҪ򿪾ˣЦ˵
Щм˵ΪʲôҪأ㶼˵ûϵˡ
ſŮеħȻ˵ϲҾϲҡͷӣ֪

Ȼܿ
Ҷ˺ܿ͸˴𰸡
ˣȥҶ˿ſŮȻ򿪵ħȸʵۡ

Ŵ򿪵ħȸʵ۵һĿɿڴⲻ֪ǽĵڼηˣڹȥ﷢ĴҪࡣ
ȻĴˣôһ£
Ҷô򿪵ģ̫ʵûȥҶˣΪ֪Ҷ˿ܲش
ܼ򵥣ûд򲻿ĶҪΪʲôԼҲ֪ʱĪı򿪣Ц˵ͺ˴Ҵ𰸣ȴʵ
˳Ĭ
ô˵ĽҲ˺ģȻҲ֪ԭ򣬻˵Ẓ́
˰ɣٲߣҾͲˣҶʱſȥ
ҲңҾ㿴ЦһȻ׷ȥ
˾뿪ˣһȺĬˣ
ҶûѪߵˣǻ֪ȸʵôǣҶƺûоҪģֱӽѪһȥ
ֻѪôأ
ûµģһߣЦЦȫѪҪɱԼΪֻ֪Ѫһ⡣
һ־ɽ鿴̫ˣʿֻʿʲôĻ£ֻҪֻǾΣܹʿ
ҡѪԥһᡣ
߾ˣ㷴ûʲôôڱϳȥġҶѪ߲ᣬȻǸߡ
Ѫ룬ҶڿŮϵѪ壬ƺˣ첽Ҷ
һ£Ҷ˺ͦţʲôأĻܳͷҶȥ档



223 1
ܣҪȥҶһˣ̫ȸʵ˵Ҷ˵ĳ֣Ҳ޷ӱ顣
֪ˣһᰲŵģûзԣͷȥ£¶˵ҲһصĲ
ԵĻҲԼȥһˣԼ֮顣

ǸС쵰֮ǰ˵ˣѹޣ𣿡ЦؿҶˣϣٴоĻ
ģˣһΪᣬΪ飡Ҷ˵ͷ˵

УһɱЩҪɱˣǵͷݼ㣡ٸպֽܶܶǮѾŮӣҾߣϲĻһһӢĽ㡭


㡭
ʲô
㲻ҪҾͿˣһܲġҶ˿ƺĲԸ뿪
һůҶ˱ڻУ˵СɵϣҲģһҪһӡ

Ҷû˵˵Ϊ˵ˣҲ⣬
ȥʱ䶼ͣһ̡

һ飬Ǿһ˽ӣ۷׷ףԽԽ˼
֪֪˵һ˽ӣĳ·˼زʮСĵ˵š
֪֪˽˭ģ·ʵƺڴҲƺ֪ʡ
֪ˡ·˼ҡҡͷص
ôϣ㻹ǰ֣Ҹɣ˽ӣڼǰǸ۹ӲǴû𣿾ˣ·һص
ȥȥȥϹ˵ǴûģǶӵĴ˶޲ɱ˶Էôһ𣡣ʱ·˱˳Ҹǰɡ˽ӣɿϢյ۹һģΪĹϵû˵˭ѣ
У֪νǸ˽ӣ˵ǻ̫ġԣֻƷǲ֪𣬻̫ÿ쾭ȥ˽ӡ
ļٵġ
ǧȷ飡

Щ֮洦ɼЩ͵͵ۣһ˷־ͻᵹù˵ˣȻ̫ۡ
ǻɵȸʵܵͷϣȻԿη
ȻˣҲһС˵һʵġ
Ƕˣ˵Сıܣ̫
ţҲ˵ˣСһֱΪ㣬̫ԳţӦ
Ҳ˵СӴл̫ţʱԻ̫
⣡һ⣡ÿ̫ٳ޵Ĺûȫ룬йĺӶҲֹôһֱû˵һСӡ
˵СͻȻֵģǺͱһģҲûһ֪
˵Сӵݣû˿𣡣
һǲɸ˵ġ
˵˲ᣬǣ
Ӱʿˡ
һӣ۵·˾ɢܿʧںʿŵߣʿҲȥ׷ҡҡͷһ̸۵㡣
ʿţ飬Ҫεķ粨ƽϢȥҪټ̸ȥ
˵ùȥһҲһ£̫ۣʾͲһˣ
ʵҪ˵ƽϢµĻӦþǰСӵݹȻǲܵģȻҲͲʿš
ʿţʵҲֻø⣬Ȼʱֹԣֻ˸ӵĴ£ỳɵø࣬øࡣ
̫˶һ뵽һ㣬ǻҪֻܣһС޷˵ڣһСӵݺܿͻṫ˲²һҲν
ʲôҶܺһ㣬Сӵ˭
ڴʱǵһֵϣҿеǸСڴϣȴֻСһˣʼʿţûСߡ
ԣСѾ͵͵˳˦ˣһ˵ܡ
СȻǴڵŻ⣬˷׷۵ȴûж˼ԿˣֻһͨСӣһֻ߰Сӡ
ô˵ĻҪʮʱ򣬾ҪӣȻûô˽ӡ
Сӵ仹Ųͬ˵е˵꣬˵硣һĲȷԡ


224 2
ʲôֱˣˣȥҰɣü˵ЩԼ˽ʿš
ǣ
ѾСӲˣǵСѾֹһߡ
ֻǣһСôǵؼ໤֮£ϢأѵСҲĳһ߾ĳˣ
ԣҶֻǱСѣǷϻͯôСأ
𰸺ܿͱˣ
Сڳһʱ̯ͻȻʿŸΧˣȴû˶СʲôֻǱţҲ˵Ǽ໤š
ʿڵȣڵ
С˿ϵһҲû⣬棬ͬʱϣһСˣһͬš
СˣƺѪ塭
ѪôСһҶȥأ
С쵰Ҿ㣬´ҪȥĻҾʹƨɣ
ܿ죬͵ˣСǺȻСߣ˵һ仰
ϰ壬Ҳһ棡

ʱ̯ϰѾеܾˣӦеٶˣվ
һʼʿŰΧʱϰѾе㲻֪룬ΪԼʲôˣ˲Ӧ飬ȴ֣ЩʿֻǽԼ̯Χȴʲôȥ
ϰ֣Щʿʲôģ˵Ϊ鷳ҲӦö˲Ŷԣ
Ǹʱ򣬿˺ܿ߹ˣһСϰСܲ£ԻߣԼûа취ߵĻ̯ô죡
ڼ䣬ϰҲһʿǣҪʲôõĻӦǳĬûϰ壡
ϰڿ֮Ȼܵ͵һȥκεʣɲԼ鷳
ϰ忴ֵʱһƺԼĴҪˣжĽߣϰҲ֮һ
Ȼ˵֪źܴĲ࣬ʱǲע⵽һ㣬ʱţԼһ˵İӣ
Ȼˣֻάһᣬı֪ԭ֮ǰԼԵСӣ¼ǣ
һЩţϰ廳ɵһ£ѵ˵ģһ˽ӣ
飬ϰ˵һ
Ҫ棬һתӵ߶˽⣬֪ǲʲô仹ԼЩƽʳ
ʱƺһиУһӶ޷ǣ˽֮󣬸ǼᶨԼӵΪиС
֮ʼôҶϲƽ׽˵Ĺ
Ȼ˵񲢲ôһ£ԾţʱҲһˡ
ŶŶõģõģϰڷӦ֮ȻŬȥһԼʳҪԼõ״̬ӳ
ȻˣͬʱϰҲŶ䣬ǸС֮ĶԻ
С쵰裡ԼԵûҶˣ˵
ŶСӦһȻͰȷֻݡ
ҧסͬʱûСһ£ʾԼĲ
СûĲֻǼţš
С쵰òģŻô죿ƺ⣬СôͻȻͳԸͣ

Сûлش𣬶Ǽţţֱ꣡
ǰҾҵģ¾һˣʲôСӷŶ˵
һģ˵ĳʲôʱĶû˵
ʱҵİǣ˵ֻһڣȻûˡ
ʱҵļȣס
ʮһꡭ
ˣˣʲôԣƽʱԺģЩͼǵģһ죬ûǸСһ¡
һߵϰһαˣɲһߵʿǶ֪ʲôģѾϰˡ
ϰͲһˣ֪ԭƤһ棬СĶ
˵Сƺ˽ӣ˽ӵĻͲûжĸ׻
˵ˣ˵ĸоҲĸӣĻǽܣ
ȻˣҺܼǳģǧңСһ˵ţһ׼ˣץһߵСˣͺץżһ
ԴˣС˶еҧҧһεӡ
ҲʮֵĿɰ˿ĻһΪ֮ĶҪ䱧ڻС
ͬʱС˶ıƺΪѾϰˣ


225 3
ҪȥһûأңһץסСӣȻԼ֮ϡ
ſң棬Ҫȥ棬ûˣСţҪġħơ
ɲ֪֪жĽλãԱţĴ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪ûǻһᣬԺǲ֪ʲôʱټ棡ĵ˵
Сһ˵ǣðɣҾ졭
ޣʲô죡˵ĺԺûһһɵϣ˵û˵ӽرС
桭ϰʱ򣬶һϷǳ棬ĽؿСһۡ
Сӿ棬ɫˣܲˬؽеƽΪʲôôϣҵô٣ǲǿұŮԾͼɫģ
ϰεվţ֪˵ЩʲôƺǱ˵¡
С쵰˭󷽣ȻҼϣĽҲûУҸһ㡭С쵰һû˵꣬ͳ˰֣СѾʽսж
㲻˵ҲԣСصš
Ҳ˵ʲôСͿʼ
һߵϰ庹գ˵滹еǣҪԵĻͻһ㡣
ʵϣ֪ٶҲã˻ǻһⲢٵ⣡
Ȼϰ岻֪ӣƺҲһЩҲЩҥԶӵԺ
ʲô˽ӣֱǹƨĿеŮ񣡣
ܵܣĹƣڶָ֮ԭӣڳ֮󣬱Сʵ
죬ԽָԽ죡С˵
ʲôָԭӣŶϰеɻ󣬲˵ʲôѵ˵Сԭӵ
ûԭӵģһʮ˾꣡
˵СѾ֮ˣҶˣ
ҶСӵߣӣһӻᱻһСӣҲͳҥ֮˽ӣ
ҶҲû뵽ΪԼָĻһһӾͻָָԭӣֻû뵽ȴһĻָ
Ҷ˵ļ㣬Լα֮ҩЧƺҲСˣָٶȱԽԽ죡
ҲܼԼ彫ȫĻָúܿģֻΪͿħơ
Щ춼ҶˣֻһʱǽҶ˱Լϡ
˵ϲҶֻôСЯ㡭
ΪҶСȻҲСС۸£˭ôС۸۸˭ȥ
ԣҶ˾ˮ֮УԼָӳħƣ
ȻˣҲûܣоôָԼʱ򣬲СİһЩҩŽʳ߲СĽϡ
ÿҪһλԣȻҶΡ
С쵰һǹģԴҧҧ˵ҶǹģҶȴ˵ԼǲСģû֤˵ҶǹģҲֻá
ȻգǼ۸Ҷˣ˭ҵùҾ۸㣡
ˣѭš
һ£Ҷڻָ֮ѪҪӣȴҶץסˣݺݵı۸ˣ
֮ǰ뵽飬ƺˣҶͺһСһ
ҪģСôϧߣȥġ
ڱı
ãҶںܶʱ򣬶£ǴѪ嵽Ϸ
Ҷ˻ָ֮ҲѪֿʱǲѪһߣѪҲһߣ飡
ӣ̫ҲһֱҶ˵ᱧҶˣ
û̫Ļ˵ΪԼĳɳԼĻᣬԼõһ㲹һĳ

糿ҶѾָĲˣͲһ֣ŲһСʱͿָһֵĲ
ˣҪˣǾͲҪˣʲô飬ҪҵĻȥʥǣҶ˻һ½ǣǰѪ壬Ѫ˵
˭㣬ҰͲߣѪʱ˵ʱҶ˵ļϣСԴбϣƺһм
С壬ڿǣҪҪһߣһָˣҲͿ԰㿴Ҷ˺˵ڿš



226 ٣1
ȥһָܿģѪһҶ˵ĲϣҶѻ죬һҪش
ûУ˵ģұСĵСģҿʼôãȴһ㶯ҲûУ˵Ҷ˵
ѪĬʵҲˣҲе㵣ģһֱ£Ҷĵģӵĵġ
ѾͷңҶ˹ЦţҸɣͱ˲֪ٴΣԲŻһָͲһǵһΣ
Ѫ˴ȻСͿʼðˡ
㡭Ѫ廹ûз쭣Ҷ˾һСָͷͽɡ
Ѫ߶֪ô˵Ҷˣô۸һŮӣôСôɰŮӡ
ߣѪɵķأȻȥ嵽Ҷ˵ϣݺݵҧһڡ
ЩһǳɣûκεͣƺѾܶһ
ûˣܶΣѾҶ˦ȥܶΣȥܶΣҶ˿ɲϧ
ޣҶˣʲô棡ѪոҧȥɿˣΪҶ˵ϲ֪ʲôζܡ
ûŰŶˣһСС飬ܽˡҶһҲ֪ı顣
㣬һǹģѪҧ˵
ǰҲǹģ⣡Ҷ˺ܳϿҵ˵

ˣȲҪˣ֪ȥûнģԾͿֹ
ܵܣ㣬ո˵Ҫˣ˵ʲôʱ򣿡Ҷˡ
ڰҶ˻صץѪ壬Сĵĸ죬ȴֺϡ
ʲôڣ㲻ڿЦ˵Ȼ֪Ҫߣôߣʵûһ׼
ʲôЦ˵˰һָҪߣߵĻˣһ·ô죡Ҷ˵ƺҲǵԼ·ˡ
ðɣҲ֪ôһ̣⡣ҵҲҪһȥˣһγҲеʱˣȻᣬҲֻˣһεʱҲǰ١
ţҪߵջҪߣҲûʲô壡Ҷ˵ڴ˿̣ɫȻúܸ
˶һ£ŮûпҶı飬ûܿҶı飬һʱ֮䶼һִ
ǰģ
ˣҶŮʱ򣬾ʹſŮˣܵúܿ죬жûͣ
ƺˣԭС쵰ΪŻװģ
С쵰վסͣ

ҪҪ׷
ˣ׷ˣҡҡͷ˵
֪Ҷ˸ոΪʲôôʵΪҶ֪ʱ̣һᣬֻһıˡ
֪Ҷ˲Լѹ
ʵÿһ˷ʱҶ˶뾡취ǱˣȻпҶģеů
ʱѪȴҪůֻΪǵһ¡
ˣ֪ʲôƺˣ·ģһ𣿡
ˣôˣ죬С쵰׷߶ˣǰ뿪һҶ뿪

ֻǣҶⲻҵʿžǷǣҲҲҶˡ
ǸʱҶ˺ܸɴһȻǴģԽĿĵˣû˻⣬ʵҲˣ
˵ûĻҶǻᵽĿĵأ
ţûĻ
ʲôˣС쵰ô˵߾ߣҶûüʲôӵġ̫Ϣ֮еΪ֮ᣬѣˣҲóˣ
󣬻̫ҲʼˣҪˣֻҪҶ˶һᣬԲŻ

֮ڰ۹ڣһɽ
ɽķҲڵĿطḻȻҲɡ
ɽǿ
Ȼ˵ǰ۹ľڣҲܵĵشɽУǽ밬۹ıؾ֮·ֱҪͨС
ЩãҲһӴɽǿĺУԽ࣬ɽǿˮҲԽ࣬Ȼӵǿ
Ļ£ʽǿžˣеĽٸƶеΪİеĴΪ˽Ǯ
Ҫ˵ĵطڰ۹ӦòǲڵģӦֻΪʵ̫ƫˣɽ߻ʵԶģһֱûнɹ


227 ٣2
ûûнɹҲ˵۹ɱ˷˹ֻһֱûɾ
ϾɽһܸӵĵΣҪЩϤɽǿһѵ飡
ڼЩɽǿĴڣҲǵôٶһЩ˵һǳĴڣ
кܶȨߵˣǿһɻǿǿﵽԼĿġ
ǵΪǮеΪɸ˵Ŀģ
ӵĵطһʱ򣬶˻ͣһˮûе·ˡ
˵ǹĻһлͣ
Ȼʱһ֮ϣƺүС㣬ĸûһˣֻһֻôˡ
ǺƾɣֻŮźǻ
˵αװͨ˵ĻҲӦð·ͨģĻлЩǿ
Ҳ˵ŮûдԼݣֻΪʲôǻûлͣΪʲôһƾ
ʵɺܼ򵥣ֻҪ֪үС˭Ϳף
үС㲻ǱˣҶĿŮŮû֪ǿܣִҶ˸ĹСķΡ
ҲҶһ·յĿҲ٣һֱע⣬ȻΪŮԭ򣬲Żһͷʡ
ŮڶһţҶܣһҶ˵ȷȡ
һ£Ҷ˶ƺΪС
ƺϲСʲôСʲôġ
ӣС㣬ôһЩӶͻսսظе㺦µˡ
ĳ棬ûмһûκεĻӶ
ǲҪĺˣʲô飬ǻᱣģҶ˺ܲ˵Сһû򶨣
ţ⳵뵽ģС㣬Ҳ̫ˣ
λС㣬ȫһģ
֪СûҶ˵̩ɽǰҲᶯһһ
ӣ˵ϺûֵĻһһܡʵֱ˵
Ҳ㣬ҽܵĻһ̼ˣĻصŶҶ˺ܺĵ˵
Ҷ˵Ҳһʵ˵ڱ˰ΧĶһᱻЩͽҵ
ֻ˵Ǹʱǲ˵ô࣬ڣҲҪΣնˡ
ܻлᣡϣ챣ӣЩǿԶһ㣬Ƴš
˵ʱҶĻһӦҶ˱Ҫ˵һԼ԰Ȼ£ЧҪʵʺܶࡣ
Ⲣ˵Ҷ˻ᱣ˵Ҷ˵˵ʲôʲôԤԼҶƺҪ׼ȷһ㡣
ʱҶһֹҶ˵һЩ˵ʲôҪǿʲôӵ֮ġ
Ҳ˲ע⣬пܱײ˱Ҳ˵Щ飬ľģһǱܲ
ţĻ˵
ȵȡ
ոգ˵⻰ƺǡҶˣ
˼ˣ
˵Ц˱٣ʲôϵģֲǵ£ʱԶԶؿţߵͷˣ򲢲֪Ҷ˵󣬻ں⡣
ʱ±˲ߣǸʱԶһ㣬ҿӦҶ˲˵ʵҲҪǿʲôӵģԣҲҪǿ˼ְҵ
㲻֪Ҷ˵Ҷ˵Щ֮Ҳ˵ʲôˣΪ˵ȥǰпܻʵ뷨ȾͰԼˣ
˶ãԤԼҶ˵Ԥƺˣ
ӣС㣬ܰɣͻȻͣסҶ˵ֻΪǰһȺΧһӡ
ϸȥѾûˣŶӦ˵ǻˣ϶ѾˣһҶµ꣬걻ڵǵģڲš
꿴һ֣һһʽмƣؽ䱸ЩǿҲ֪һ֡
һôˣǸĽ£Ųٵʬ壬Ǳնɱġ
˵Щ˶ӹֵĻν֣ҲͲڸߵȥˣΧЩ˵ƺһ㣡
һֻͣһǿ٣⣬ֽţڶǿ֪һ֣ǵĿľ꣬ĳ


228 ٣3
ڵƺǰߵĿܶһ㣡
ֻΪ˵ǿ֪ĻͲҲʧôˣ
ˣӦһأҶһһأһɺϣ
ʲôѾˣǻǴҪǮ͸ǶǮҶָǰ˵
ʱȺ֮Ѿһ˹ʱܣһᱻ׷ɱܻɲҪ⡣
ҶһܺıٹӣǿҪǮͻǮǮǣûеطЩæ֮ã
Ҫ˵ĻȻǲ
ֻǣҶ˵ϣƺòԸЩǿ
ȻЩǿǲм߿ˣֻ¼ˣǼҲͬм˵һ䡪
ûʲôˮһ·Ǯ͸ӹ
ԣЩ˽Ҷһͨˣˣǲ뵽Ϊαװ
ҪαװҲҵһ𣬲һ
ôǿһ㾭黹еģҪôûˮˣҪʲôҪôǵﲻˣҲͲҪ
ˣһ·ûģûˮҲеǮﲻˣҲٸһ㣬Ϊʱ䡣
һΣһﲻˣȴе⣬һһ·Ѿͽˣ
ҵġʱ򣬳ҧҧԼһǮóȫʱû뵽ǮӦҶ˸ġ
ʱֻϣԺˣ
ֻǣҶȴˬˣǺ
ʲôȻõһܼӣһ·ƾʹ󷢱ү𣿡
Ҷ˵Ļøе㲻⻰ܹ֣ǳĹ֣
ˣǾ͹ȥɣдͻǼ˴һᣬȻҡҡ˵
ǵ⣬Ӧ˵ˣӲˣţһӻǿߡ
ǻƽʱĻǻῼǽѵһ³֮ˣȴûʱ䡣
Ȼϲ֣Ͳ׼뿪Ƿ֮أ
ֻ
ʲôȥȥôǿģôôרҵҶ̽ͷǸ˵ĵ˾Ǵʡ
˳Ĭ࿴ˣȷԼû룬ʲô˼ѵҪǸǮɣ
ʲôвרҵǿǱߵ֪ǶôרҵΪǿҵǲѪҪٵĹɣ
Ǹ֣ԼЩӢµǿΧɱ֮£Ѿǿ֮ĩĵزϾйˣ
˵רҵģǲɷϵģ
˼λҼҹӾ᷸ߣߡܻ˵뿪
ʲôҪѻ˵ˣǲǿңҾǿʲôǮˣҶֹ˳СҲǰ벽ĸҶˡ
˿һ¡
ӣԼ棬Ϻ治ˣҶ£ԼˣȾ˵ģͻӣҶҲûзԡ
ʱЩǿȻʶȥ׷ǸȻ֪ʲôãҲ㲻ڵ״
Ƕ𶯣ߣУҲɱˣҶָмѾ˺ܶ˵꣬챾үãˣҪǮ˵һ
⻰˶˴Ҷ⻰ʲô˼ʲô
λӣĴӦòͨˣո˵ĻеѶʲô˼Ȼ˵ǱߵûͣˣڼսҲ˸Ҷߵ״Ҷ˽н档
˵ǵȱ֣Ǹ˵İȫˣǿۣҶ˻ص
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôǿǻǲ
ôô˵ǷŹǸˣҪٵǮҶҡͷƺ˵ûˡ
ҪǱʶҶ˵֪һЦЩǿȻҶ˵ʵ̫Цˣ
ֻҶ˱˵ɱġ
ܣɱôֵܣһǿҡͷܾ
˵ϺܶûʲôܣҲǮ˵ģֻмǮߣҳʮңǷҶ˲˵
ߣΪǡȵȣ˵ʲôʮңЩǿܲмģʮ֮󣬿ʼˣʼѸӿ


229 С1
ֱڼɱܿȴԼǰǿȻͣסˣҲڿɿˡ
Ѿ첻ˣٴȥŲӣҪȥˣ
ڴڻָ
˵ǣʮңʱǿ֮УһЩܸ߼˳ˣ׼ȷ˵ǳҶ˵ǰ
ûʮң٣һټһ㣡Ҷ˺ɵ˵
ټһ㣿
ʱ򣬳ûңʼ۷׷ףʮҰ˵ʲôĲƸҲв֪ġ
ȴ֪ԼһΣҲһǧҵ룬ٵĻҲС
Ȼ·Укܶ඼ǱǰˣֵѾûˮʵǿĶ飬ԼҲ򲻹Щˡ
˵ʮң൱Ǽٹһܺõļꡣ
ȻĶˣ
ԵҩˣȻҰ׻ǮˣҶʱǸֵߣһҩ˳һ¡
֣ȫõģֶѪһһ⵰
ҶһжϣֻƺˣӣΪոսһɱԭ
Ҷ˵ƺҲںһ㣬⵰ҲãҲգһľȣΪãҪӻһ£ȫ
ֿ˿Ҷ˵ҩԥţûгȥ˼
ν֮Ĳޣֿɲ֪Ҷ˰ʲôģҪǺأԣܳԡ
᲻ûµģҩԱ˵󣬶Աү˵ȫֵһᣬˡҶ˲˵ƺΪǾҩϡŲԡ
ԥһ£Ȼȥ
˵ҶҪĻֺαضһ٣ողͣҲһ뵽ʲôˣֱӳҩˡ
ܿ죬;Լľǡģ
ҩж
ָо忪ʼһɻĸоȻȫʼʹԼжˣָҶ˾
жôᣬҸʮȫ裬ǿҩƷֻҪûصҲģĿҩﷴӦҶҡͷж˵
ѵǻָķӦЩɻҲ˵ЩʥҩҲƵķӦ
ֻٹһ֮Ϳ϶⣬ԲʲôҩﷴӦ
ңҵֶˣ㻹˵ҩﷴӦ¶ŭʱ򣬴Ҷֵȫʼڣжˡ
ףôҶе֣óԼҩƿţõʮȫ裬ѵر֣ǡף£ҩǡ
ҶǸҩƿؿţҩƿֻǵãǸոҶ˵ҩҩƿӡ

ͷʱ㻹˵ʲôϻѽҩңҪˣһŹ㣡ǸŭѾһߡ
û˵ϻǶҩֶ֣ҩˣȫᷢڣԽھͱʾжԽڵú̿һͱʾҪˣڵģһӾͻú̿ˡҶ˿Ǹ֣˵
˳Ĭ֮Уǲ⳪һҶ˸ոóʮ˵ҪˣԼȴҩ˸ȻǲСĵġ
ҽҩǸֺ⣬ֱʽҩһЩˣûнҩȻõ֮ٽ˸ҩ
ʣҩеĻͿֱӸûеĻǾͲˡ
㣡Ҷ˸һҩ衣
㲻дɣһҩ裬ȻʣֻΪ֪ԼҪʵĻпܾûлٳˡ
ûģȻûضĽҩŶ裬ԽڵĴ󲿷ֶųҶ˵ͷ
ҾͷˣһֻܿԼɵ̫ˡ
һ֮ԼĻôڣԼĶӺٷ
ҩЧΪʲôһһڣҶӻ˵
ĶûųȥŶɡȥԶһ㡭Ҷ˶˵
ʲôŶôŶ겻ʵ
˵ŶˣȻų⣬㲻ҪˣȥǱȥԶһ㡭ҶűӣǸ˵
ۡʱųһֶƨ
ݣҼסˣָҶ˵һ䣬ȻܵԶĵطʼŶ
㲻üǵңֻҸ˶ѣұҶ˶꺰
ҿǱһɣ


230 С2
ȺǿﰵҲ湻ùģһӣһҩ
ڷǵûκˣжһΣҪȥŶһŻˣ˵ͻ
ͺˣʱͳһˣ
ͻȻģǿʷ֣ոհԼŪôҵˣǱŪҵǸ
ոô˶㲻ȴһӸ׽ˣʲô°
ô˵ǿĵһ£Ǽ¡Ǯ
ȿȣλӣո˵ʮңڻ𣿡Ǹ֣ڱҶ˸ðģܿҪ˵ӣҾ¿ʼˡ
ֻҪǷŹĽҾǵˣԺǻģһҶ˵꣬ʹӽָﵹʮңȫǽҡ
ʱ֣ǽ㿴Щ˶ɵˣǽƱЧ
ţԺһҪңƳȳȵĽң
ôĽңҲڳ뷨룬ǲǻĽңǲǻࣿ
ǣǿֿʼۣ
ôϴСӿǮҪҪˣûģļøǮˣ
ǰһһɽһǮ
ţǸС㡭
ǸС㣬ûпôŮˡ
š

ǿǺܿͰҶ˵ϣһнСﵱѹկ˵ɫģ
ǿͷƺ˴սץץҶ֮䣬ҡڲš
νĵеڵõһ֮ҲͿԷˣҪեΪֹΪֻܵǿı
Ҷ˵ʮңѾκεǿضˣжУ˼ˡ
ֲǿǿǿ֮еİ࣡
ǿͷӵƽʼһбԼӦҪסԼĵ塣
ϴֻҪСӺСŪɽկǸСһҲͲ֪ºõٰСӸɵǸС椣ٺ١һСǿڱС˵ţЦú
аƽʼ³ԽԽء
ǿͷӿСʱǷаͿʼֱʲôʲô壬ʱ򣬱ѾȫȻˡ
ΧǣǿͷӺȵ۾һֱû뿪С
Ҫ⣡
仰϶Ҷ˵ĿУһŶ֣һֱע
үȻײƲ¶׵ĵóʮ̼ˣ˭̼ܵ
˵үҲ湻ǵģҺʶȻóʮң˼ֵ
֣ΪҶǿԼ֪ԼļֵŻóʮԼİȫ
ô뵽Ҷ˻ǮὲɣֻǽȤ뵽ʮҶ˵ʲôҪʮ
ţ֪֮ıһܾʣ
ʱ򣬳еҶ˲ûоʲôֻЦ˵ǲҪ㣬㣬˺˵һǣ˵Ļǵģ

үȷǺܴ󷽣ǮǮԽͱԽǮ
øǿӵĽӽҶˣӽİΧ
Ҷ˺ֵؿűϵǿôȥýңڿԼԼʲôÿģ֡
ץҪС椡ǿ֮У˺һ䣬ȻȥҶ

ҪˣʱҲΪѾŶŵѣûѵأڵĵطҪҶҲڱ޳ĪķΧ
ֻҶҪ
⣬ѻشֻΪûܾ˽Ҷ˵ʵֻԿ϶ҪץסҶˣǲɵ
ءء

һ˲䣬ǿΧ֮һ˲䣬˶ֻ֮ǰʲôеǲҽ
˶мλãҲҶڵλãͻȻɳˣҲ˿
ڴеҶˣƺһûСҲһ֮ǰվλƶһһġ
ˣڱ˵סˣԲûпȴΪңҲһ
Ū˶㲻׷ʲô飡
Կ϶֮Уһһģ
ǺһΣǿǾͿʼΧҶˣûпʼ˺ܶݵһ¡
Ҫץ𣿡Ҷ˿ǿʵƺȷ£ЩҪץš
ϻǱץģԶﰵҶǲҲ̫˵㣬У֮ǰЩ˵Ǳ˭ɵġ


231 С3
λӣҪļֵߣõ֮󣬾ͻȥǿͷӺƽ͵˵
ҸͿˣҪ٣Ҷ˵ⱻ٣Ǯѣû˾ûˣźһȺǿƴ
Ȼˣ˵ƴĻҶҲһ䣬鷳ҲḶһЩۣɻһЩǮʡȥ鷳
ǿͷָ֣̯תһ£Ȼȭ˵ȫҪһҪļ˹ˣ
ǰһԿǣľˣֻܰԼģǮǶãҰˣҶüȻܼ˵㣬Ѿϰ˰ԼģҲǲİܼӡ
Ҷ״Ҷң
ҶҵĻԿǿǡ
ɲˣѾ֮֮ǿͷЦȻʾϡ
ҿɲʲôʲôҿǺģȰ㻹֪һ㣬Ȼʱ˵ĻԼȡҶ˴һڳһƣȻЩָʳָҡҡ

ǿǳĬǸҲһĬʱҲ˵˻ˣĬС
ϣǿͷӴһ׼ǿආȥĸҶˣ
ʱȫעҶ˵ϣҶôзģҪȷ֪ǳ
ֻǣǸʱҶ˶Ҳûơ
ѵ˵Ǹֵ𣿣
ǿӽҶˣ޽ӽҶˣȭͷҪҶܽӴˣȴҶ˻ûж
ʱ鷢ˣ
顭顭



һǼǿˣһΣȻûпûпҶ˳֣
ʼգ˵۾ҶˣڿҪӴһɲǣǽضţŹҶ˵κζ
ǸʱҶǱ˸ΧˣǸʱʲôҲ˿٣ʱ򣬼˶ôġ
ϵСҲһվһߣƺҲûж
СôĶжûȥһ̫ˣѵ˵֪Сӻû£
Щ⣬ʱҲעСһ£
ЩȴҲСе֣ǹⷽ棬һطƺеСжȴûп
ٺ٣˵ˣҺģҶЦЦȻ˫չԼǰУеƵζ
˼ϣǿͷӺȵһһЩȽǿ£Сආֻһ
һЩ˽ӴҶ˵ʱһαˣ
ֻһΣѾԭڣһˡССｫЩ˻ɣüٶȣԲ׽

ڳĬȻ֪СҲˣȴûһ˿ĿֵḶ֪́ʲôַ˻ɡ
ͬʱҲһ£ԭҶƣȫ˵Ŀ⣬Сûע³֣䲻
ܺãû뵽С㻹һ֣ҲգǿͷӶҶˣҧոʧʮ£Ҷ˲Ź֡
ǱʣҪҵĻô֮ģллҶЦЦ˵

㣡ɵҰڱ㣡ǿͷЩŭ˵
Թ޳ΪʲôҪңһɵϣû£Ҷ˻ص
ҰץֻҪͿԣǿͷҲúҶ˷ϻֱ˼ϣһǵķһ㡣
һΣǿǵĿѾҶתƵСϣ¶׺۹⣬ٰڳǿƣȥˡ
һ׳ʿΪˮ׳ʿһȥ⡪

顭Сһȭصشһǿؿڡ
ۡǿһѪҽŵɻȥ
СŲߣһһǿСǿҲһɻȥ
һȭһƣһţһߡ


ǿһĵɻȥ
ˬСҶ˰˵뵽үĹ򣬶оҪȵӰǿҺܶࡣ
ʱ˶סˣû뵽Ĳ񻰵ŮӣȻǿʵǣõȫȭŹûж˾ŮӺܱܱ
ͬʱҲע⵽ˣСʹõ似ƺ½ķͬͬûʹùһζûУ
½ûʹöߣƺٺ٣˵ûУ
СûʹöֵȴҲСɻ󣬸㲻ô£ѵ


232 Сڣ1
ץסǸСӣǿͷͻȻһߵҶˣ𾢣ץסвС
ΪҶӦڲѧĹүǱȽ׸㶨ģСӦþүһĸ֡
ȻĻүһóʮҵңô⣬һиֱŻ޼ɵ
ҪץңҶһȻ˵ȸ㶨ҵСɲôӦġ
ȸ㶨ˣһẦС椲𣿡ǿͷӺܲм˵
˵ǾڵҲģ㻹ֹѰ·𣿡Ҷ˻صһӰӡ
ʱ˵Ҫץסǿͷ˵ָȥץҶˣԼҲʼˣץҶ˵ж
˼Ҷ˵ˣȰСǱ߹˺˵ҶһҲں˵ЩǿΧȫ
Ⲣ֪ƣʱСѾߣЩˡ
ôǿͷӿСĳֺ⣬ͷ֮ǰΧСǿҪȴסˡ
ûа취ֻΪʱ˿̣ǱߵǿѾſڵˣûһǿվŵģ
򵥵˵ȫС̵ˣ
˵ˣ㲻ӦߣһǶᱻ򵹣Ҷ˵СｫǿһĽ
ܿ죬ǿȫ˵ϣûһվŵģǸǿͷӣ
Ҷ˿ûϰŷһţվ˵Ҷ˾ãڵϵķһҲǿ˵ģ
СȻģҰˣҶ˶С˵Ȼ仰ʵҲڿԼΪСĹ͡
ȻˣȴΪҶڿСĿС
ҪˣǾͺúõķʡһ£ΪһǿӦ˵Ϊһˣ̫̰ģʮߣͲˣҶ˰ڰ֣˵
Ҷ˵仰ش̼ЩǿھںڣΪʲôոҪ̰ģʮ߲ǺܺãΪʲôҪ̰øģ
˰ܻڽѵ󣬲֪ڣ֪ʲôȷģ
ʱƺ˶ΪҶ˻Ὣʮջأ֮ǣҶûᣬֱǸŶ֡
ι㻹ûɣҶԶԶضǸ˵û߽Ϊ֪Ǹ긽һܳ
ûҲˣŶҪٲɣеػص
˰ɣҶʱ䣬ص
ˣ꿴˿Լ壬˵ΪʲôϻǺںڵģûлָ
ǸоԼŶѾȴȻŶֻΪԼ廹ǺڲģԼǰƤȫ෴ĶԱȡ
ˣԼûнҪŶԼķɫָ
ȫĶ㻹ǻںڵģΪ˺Ҷ˻شЧûˣδļǺˣ
ʲôҪ£Ѿ˹Ҷ˴Сš
ţҪ£㲻Ҫţ¾ͻĻָģ˭ҳҩҪ۵ģҶ˺˵ƺڽǸԺҳҩ
ҳҩҸҩŶԣָҶŭغ
ô˹ˡҶ˻һƽӡ
ʲô֣Ҳ֣ŭ
Ҳ㼤ȻǶģֵǣոôصˣ˶Ŷôãôʮ㣬˵ӦεڵزŶԣҶ˿Ǹ֡
ִһ£ȻܿεڵˣòڲŷӦ
ͶˣӦβŶԣˣ㣡Ҷ˿εˣƵóһҩǸ
˵ǸڻŵĻһҩɲҶˣҶ˻᲻ٸҩ
ֵ˵ǣһҶûôҩ
ѹҶһУҩãܿתѹ
ۿҶԼǰʶ˿Ҷ˱Űȫľ룬Ҷ˵ķʶɲС
˰ɣԼƥߣĳ򣡡Ҷһֻץһʶû˼ıߵģǲͬġ
ҺãһҶ˵Ҫȥĵط·߻
˵Ҷ˵ǲģ
ðɣҾʹȥľ֮üȻȽҶˣǻŵġ


233 Сڣ2
һߣЩǿƥһƥǿ׳ƥȻҶ
ͬʱСҲȥǣһƥҶߡ
ˣ
ҶǸС֮ͬһƥȴҶ˿С
е֣˵ͬһƥ˵ҲӦҶ˿ŶԣôøŮ
겻֪Ҷ˸
Ҫ˵ΪʲôСԣʵͺִϷһϷһ֣һῪ
СڵͺǱҶ˿ƵϷҶԼȴᣡ
СһЩŮӵĶ飬ΩΩФԣҶԼͲ
ֿ˿ҶˣȻ˵㲻е𣿡Ȼ˵Ҷͬе֣ʱ򣬻һҪ顣
ǾҶ֮ǰģŵʮң
ʲô£Ҷ˻ʵ¶ɻʲôˡ
ҡüѵƺеҲǣκ£е
ңҶ˻ͷǶѽң¶һȻı飬Ŷ˵ǲˣ
ڻ˵֮СתͷǶѽҹȥ
̤̤
صɽ֮䣬ЩǿϣһӲӵĽңʧˣ
ⱾԼĽңҪʧȥˣԼΪʲôô̰ģ
͵˶ΪҶ˻ὫջصʱҶȴһ˵ΪջأһһĽҡ
ˣǵ·ǮûҵСӮǣҾͲҪԭһٽң

ǲǿˣˣôоôĲʵأ
пҶ˵˶ģһת
Ҷ˺ܿͻȥˣʮһٸ
㣬ʲô˼㲻ȥûʮҵ𣿡ִҶˣ̽ʵ
Ҷ˰ڰ֣˵ûЩʲô˾ǸˣҴѻȥǮû
ûҶ˻ȥǮûûģǱƭˣҲһջأ
ֻһַʽųͷЩƭˣֻҪ֪ЩƭģţҪ֪ĻһŹ
ȥΪ˶໨һٽңҪ·ѣּʵ
ţҲģҪҸҾһˡҶ˻ص
ҪʲôʱҪˣеԺ
ոհ㲻˵˸·𣿡
ϳ亹ҸոȥʮңѾЩǿΪʲôҪװ׸ǣ
˵ˣһȥǮûҶҡҡ֣뿪ûʱţҺæģ

ûʮҰ㵽ʲô˰ȻʮҶǰܼңҲҪ̶ֳܵȣ
Ȼֺ˵ҶˣϾҶ˵飬Ҳ޷ȥ˵ʲôʹҶ뿪ˣ
һ㣬ԿҲһͨˣͨ˿Ҳŵôһ᷵ȥʮõһһ㣬ˡ
ʮңʵҲǿһƷԵĹߣ
뿪ʱҶͻȻͷһ仰ʲôţ
۷ţ
Щ˿ǻش𲻻شʱЩѾ𰸱ˣֻΪʱ򣬺ܶ˵񾭶ڳ֮Уʶľͻشˣ
ΪʲôԣΪҶ˵ΪȻʮҲҪǿԵõΪʧȥľ޶Ƹ
裿иԵ֣ҼסˣҶЦЦȻǰǰ
סôǰ۹ĻʵۣҲûа취˽죬Щǿ֪ʧ
ʱڶݵʱΪҶ˻֮˹Ǻܿͷ뷨˵ҪĻھͿˣֺαضһ٣
Ϊʲôأ
˺Զ֮󣬹Щ⣬꿪ʼˣҪŪһʽ
°»򣬶лӾ֮ʹմ
ҶˣҶ˹֣ЩԲѵػص
ԭҶ˹ӣ»е㺹գǰҶ˹ӻǿ˵̫رˡ
ҵ֣Ҷֵʵô𣿡
û»
û㻹ģ㲻ʵһ𣿡Ҷƺڽѵ»
ҡǿ׻Ҷ˵ġ»񺹵Ҷ˹ѵЩ
ǾҶҲص



234 Сڣ3
ȿȣǸ˵ЩҶ˹ӣΪʲôǵ֣ѵҪ𣿡»תƻϼԼġ
ǣұʲôǻûʸҲûʱ䣡Ҷ˰ڰֻصЩСɫôķۡ
Ϊʲô㻹Ҫǵ֣»ʵ
ҶЦЦƽػصҪһǿһҸ˷ʮҵ·ǮǷǹȥҷҪ
»ҶˣƺһЩ顣
ʮңذըǿеɽγһ籩籩
ⳡ籩ܻὫܶ˾ȥɽ벻ı仯յĽôֻĸ֡
ĿԴ
ǾͿԿͨط㵽ʥǣҶ˼˵
ʥǣҪȥʥʲô
ҪμģǽǸʲôλҶͻȻ֣Ѿµһˣ˵ˡ
ҲҪμӣʲôѧԺģ»ʵ
ǡΪʲôҪ㣿ҪʲôͼҶͻȻý䱸˾ģԽԼϢ˵̫ࡣ
Ҷˣͨȫ½ûһҲаǧ˭֪ҶĸҶˡ
ֻЩҲһ֪ݣΪóʮҵҶֻһ
ҲǲμλԱԲŻһ㡣»յ
Ҷ˿˿»Ȼһֺܲм˵ԭ̽飬Ǳɣ


һ·ϣҶ˲ٵǿǿţܿͱǴˣͬʱ۷ŵõʮҵϢҲˡ
ʮǿûȥãҶȴ˵ɽǿ·ѣ˭зݣ
ңҶ˻˵Լ۷ǿŻˣҾԸģ
⣬ܶҲ֤ˣ֤Ҷ˵ȷʵ»Ǹ֣Сһصĸ֣
ӣǿǾˣ
зݵʮңһذըըеһУֻը
һеҶˣʼնûйĹʲô֪
ºһڰ۹ĴСɽǣһֵͣõ¥ǰ
ȻǺܺҲôۣû˻˻ͨˣΪͣˣͨˣ
ƺҲôҺһѣϾˣĻʡ
һ̣ϰԵĿȴֵ˻ʲôġ
ʲôˣôôںģ
ۣúڣý

УȳֵˣһƤڵ꣬Ӧ˵ڣӦ˵Ǻڵú̿ģ
˵Ҫںҹг֣ǹƱ˶Ĵڣ
ںڵǰ»ﻹҶС뿪ɽ֮Ҷ˱ܿҵϲ̫ۡ
СڣǾı¥ҶǺõ¥һߵİ»
Ҷ˵Ըһоͻȥĵطסޣ»Ҳ֪һ㣬Ҳܸɴ
ɽǣ»ƺϤ֮ǰĳҪ·ʶûʣֱˡ
Сڣҽа»»û˵ҶСˣ»ںڵӣͽа»ΪСڡ
СڣڽС
»ʱҶ˵Ļشǣҽе㣬С
ǣ»ˣֹˣֻĳһΣҶһֻСڹʱʱѿڶСڣ
Ҷ˵ͷػŶ֪ˣСڣǽȥɣСڣ
»ҪȥҶһ٣ݺݵشһ٣˿Сˡ
Լ򲻹СֻףҪСսһ᲻ܣһʱǺѷֳʤ
¥ɽõ¥ʩŸ߹֣̻Ի͵ĴеȴҲǺܶϲġ
ܶ˶˵ǮһϲҪԣײûϲ෴ģΪײǴ󲿷ϲġ
ˣ֮ԽףΪõ̫࣬ϲ̫ŽףνĲףЩΪ˱ʾԼĲףص˵ԼϲЩϲһҪıͣĲס
˵ҶײףҶ˵Ļشǡ
ףҺ׵ģұһˣ
ʵÿ˶һ棬ȻҲв׵һ棬Ϊÿ˶ǲͬĸ壬ڲֻͬһˣ


235 β1
Թ˵¥ĺ̶ȣϴ½һģ޵ˣҲܲˡ
ȻΪ˵Ҷˣȴòﻹ
Сڣ˵ģõõ¥˵ʲô̻Իͣ˵ʲôɾʧҶЩʧؿű¥ϣԽʧŻԽ󣬲ǰ»ϣʧ
һ·ϣҲסЩܲõ꣬ΪʲôƣڲͬĻ֮£вͬ
ҲַҪôˣʲôĵطҲһԽܣȻҪطġ
㻹ò»Щʵã¥ѾĲٺˡ
Ȼ㿴Щһ֪ǰģȫƽģЩΣõĽ˿ľǴһƷģЩӲģǰҶ˽ΪĲһһЩøȫΪ֮գǰ»
ιιүҪЩ¥ǻʼõˣֻлʵۿĵ꣬ſܻôã
Ӧ˵ֻлʹãһͨĻʹ
ҵүⲻõ꣬ǻʹȥõꡭ»Щؽӻ
ţǣǣ
˵ͷʾͬ۵㣡
аҼǵ÷绨ѩ¥Ҷ˵
绨ѩ¥ҺǾ¥ɡ˵ҲǼʶ˹壬ȻҲȥջʳǵˡ
ʲô»ʵƺûʶֵط
¥һ𣿡Ҷ˵
һ¥ֵطΪˣʲôóҲȫУֻһ䣬ȥľַ䣡»˵ͬʱҲʼҶˣȻȥĵط
ˣһ°ɣҶҡҡͷȻ߽ȥСõķ䣬ٸһƲˡʲôõѾסˣǾ˰ȥ
ˡ»еͷʹ˵飬Ѿǵһˡ
ÿõ÷䱻ռˣҶ˾ͻҪ˰ȥȻᲹܶǮ޷ܵļǮ
ȻˣȽģԭģҶҲǿѣ
ֻϰ߹ϰߣ»һξе㵣ˣĵط˵ϾǴطûʲôȴһô˵Ҳǰ۹ʮ֮һĴԲ١
λӣûء¥Աƽ˵ѾһˣкܶҪҫԼȨƸˣ顣
ȻˣЩ֮Уе˳ɹˣɹĴﵽĿģе˾Ͳһˣһ
ʱڳ˶ҪҶ˻ʲô³
ҲĹأǳеǮ˭ԸóҾ͸ÿһǧңҶ˵
ʲô
һǧң
Ҳ̫̬˰ɡ

ͻȻ涼ȻˣȻ˵ҲǴ󸻴ڣóһǧҵˣȴٺ١
һǧңΪ˰ѷøԼҲ̫ܼһɣ
ˣõķ䣬һҲҶѣҶÿζִŵĻǮߴţҵļֵᵱ㣬пǵͭң
ңһ֮ͨһ꣡
ңȥ֪ͨˣǸ¥Ա˵ȥˡ
үСѣͿԼˣ켣ľ飬ҲΪʲôȰ⹤ԭ
ܿ죬ֹܳһˣЩ˾Щס÷ˣȻǮˣջʵ̫ˣӶҪˡ
˰˵ʲôҪΪǮֻǻûеĿеļλѣ»һθ̾Ҷ˵ϣѾֹһοԡ
ȻˣżҲвǮģҲһļλ˵Ȩ顭
鲻ӦЩһΪΪ˸ĻǾͲǳ񣬶õģ
ڰҶǰǣʱӦø˭һǧңô֮УӦѡ˭
ʵܼ򵥣ٶҶ˵ǸҪǵ⣡
ȵȵãˣҶ˶ЩǺ⣬ѡȵģ˳۵ģߵģƯģ
ǣϲôô
ͬʱҶ־óǧҸˣüͷ嶼ûһ£ףܼүǺǮǮ


236 β2
λӣ˵ģҪ𣿡˴֣ЦǺǵʵ
ʵֻҪһͿԣõķ䣬ʵһ׼䣬ס˶ӵ
ֻЩȴҪҶ˵һǧңڳˣźܴջ
ҪҶ˻صȻЩˣֱáСԼȥ䣬ǵ䣬ҶҲǻֻҪ䡣
ȻˣǺͰ»һ䣬ǺС
ð»Ļ˵Ҷ˺СȫӰģŮŮū֮Ҳûе̶ȡ
һ˯һϴһϲһ
һ㣬˵»ϸһ㣬ᷢСͨ˲ͬԶҲûм˻еһЩ³´л
ȻˣЩŮӵ˽ܣҲᱻ˷֣Ҳѹְ»ûע⵽
»Ҳע⵽һȽֵģǾС˵ͺưһһ㣬ʹҶˣҶ˵ĻشǲǣҲûн̫ࡣ
Ҷ밮»һ·䣬Ȼ͸ԻطʱǸСƴĸҶˣȥŰ»
ֻΪΪҶ˸ĴСһܶ࣬϶Ȱ»ࡣ
һ㣬ܿȷһֻΪʱ򰮵»ѾˣҲķһĴͣ࣬Ҳһҡ
һңҺûȥүһһң߸࣡
ǸСʱ򣬺ǵؿ֮ˣҶү﷿䣬ȻţЦҶ˽ȥ
ҶҲûЩ飬˽ȥתС˵óϲˣȥϴ裡
˵֮Ҷ˾ͰŹˣСһᣬû뵽Ҷ˻ʲôûֱӹˡ
ӦǵͲ˵ʱȥ׷ˡСȥ뷨ҶΪҪһСѣԸոûиֻҪͲһкܴջ
ΪСڳ׷ųʦҪҪһ㣬õķ׸ҶˣͿ̶ȵĵõ͡
ҶСһϴ裬·Ȼȫѹ⣬ҶѾϰСԼĦģ
С᲻вһĸоǿ˵ûУΪСĿܣһĸоûУֻǰһʹöѡ
Ҷ˿û񱣬ܾǿܣһΪһˣ
˵ˣҶ˱еٶۣ뵽СﵱԴ
õ껹ǲˮרŵ䱸ûǮҶϴ֮˱¥һ䡣
һЩõˮӦеֻǹӦһãǴһˮװУһˮܸһЩߵס
¥ȴԡרһС͵ˮװãװһԭɣҪһħ
ʩ棬һЩӦã½Ҳкܶıǹ壬ǰݵִܺеһƴ
һ㣬Ҷ˸ᣬоĻһ飬ǱȽٵģϾ̫ˣȫ
˵С̵ǱȽУҲѹ֣İþǳԣΪ˳ԣܴصװá
塭
Ҷ˷ˣⲢʲôװãǼ򵥵һŽˣҲǴ½õװá
˭ҶëΪС㷢ھʵ
ÿСŪʪ˻ˣҶԶֻ֣ȥСﶯ鷳ЧֲԼ֡
άܣ˵ҲҪģһ򶼻ὫԼĶάúܺãСģǱòˡ
ֻǣȴᣬСһЩΪ֮Ľ
ӣҸͷˣС𣬴֮пԺһָ飬Ǿǰġ
ŶԵһ£ҶӦȥš
ӣķˡСŴ֮󣬱ЦǺǵ˵
лл鷳ϾУҶ˺ò˵ʱĸ߹Ϣͱúˡ
һʱҶ˵òᱻİܼԸڸǣúܶ˿òһ棬Ϥȴ֪һòˣʱ᷸Ժ
õģСӦһķ˰ڷ֮ϣģҶС׼˷ź꣬ʢ÷
ҲһСӦҪ飬ķ̬Ȳſ߼ı¥£ȻˣмҲΪҪҶ˵Ĵ͵Եʡ
ллԳȥˣȥ֮鷳ŹϣҶʱڰС㷢ûйСߵ顣


237 β3
С˿ҶˣֹӣһЩӦĻһﰵˬúЦ
ү£ֱֲ˵ףϾǿԷ˼
ֻǣڲ˵ĻǮûˣɲһ㣬ԵֵԼһ룬Բܷ
СҶ֮һҪò
Ǹӣ㻹ʲô𣿡Сګګ˵Ҷ˴ɫҶȴûлͷҶһֱǿС
ûˣллʲôµĻһẰģҶ˻عͷСòػصȻֻͷС
ӣǲһ飿Сüͷ壬ȻٴСĵѵ
飿ҶЩɻؿСȻҡҡͷûУ
룡Сִ˴꣬˿ϵʳȻٿҶˡ
ŶˣҵͲ͹һԼȥԣҶ˿ϣƺȻƺһ
׸ʲôʲôף
СҶˣҪޣеԼҪˮһգãոԼȥźһˡ»ܻúܶ࣡
ľˣԼŬװ׵˷ѣҪŬ㲻ҪƹأҲҪõ͡
Ϊţͻ˴ˣܾͻһӣ
˵֪Ҷ¼һӻ϶һ㣡
ǣСٴοڣ˵ӣ˰ɣ˵ͬʱҲһֱָԼǮ
ӣûֱҪǮ⣬ʲôѾǰˣ˭һ㣡
ȻָֻͨˣЩ˾Ͳһ⣬ΪǸ⡭
Ҷ˿һᣬŶ
ʳָǰҡţһ֪ˣ֪˵ӣ
֪̫ˣ
СûижᣬֻȴܿҪȥɱ
ⰡҰ㿴

簡װɵɵô뵽
ʱСҪҶֱ˵ˣֻǺܿͷ뷨Ҳ˵һ顣
ֻΪʱҶص˵
е飬Ӱ쵽㲻һ£ȥܿͻ˥ߣʱҪˣ
У㲻Щ£ҲܻӰ쵽ܲкӡ
ôҶ⣬Ҷһش𣬲ǣһСëѣֻҪþˡ
Ҳֱ˵СëĻǻ飬Ҳǲǳҽĵ
ӣһо𣿡СżʵһӾ;Լе⣬Ҷⷬŵð
ңһоȵģҸ㿪ҩÿհãάһ£Ժ߲ˣٳ⣬ÿʮӣʮӣͬʱҶ˵ͬʱóһѸֱʣҩдõıǩϡ
ЩκȥкôģҲаģ
ֻҪǲǾͿԺˣСӹҩץҶ˵֣ʵϲõĻشǿ϶ġ
ţұ֤һãҶ˵ͷֻҪҩҲûʲôˣǶ壬״ȻԽԽá
вβûǾǿ
ллӣҵһ⣬㲻Ҫ٣СԼϵǮҶˣһмӡ
ҽʦһ²ҲҪѲǮϵǮԱǸ١
ˣҲǮֻ㿴һ£֮ͣҶ˻صܾЩǮ
ӣһҪ£ҵĸû㣬ûˣСжϡﻩһҪҶǮ
ҪҶе㲻⣬֪ԼոյһЩСŸͺҪһֱˣȻͻǸжǧ
ȻҾˣҶȻһܼӣͲǮ
˵һֱǮĻĲƲҲͲԽԽ࣡
ֻǲռ˱ˣΪԼӦõǷݲŻ£ЩӦõĶҲʲôöپͶ٣
ȻСĲǾ֢ҲһС鷳ҪҽʦĻһᳬЧ϶Ҷ˵ĺãԣҶҲõİá
ֻǣ¾ͱñȽϺˡ
ףôȥˣǸСŷ֣ԼһηǵûеõǮҽҩѡ
Ȼ˵˵Ҳ׬ˣĸоȴǺƣǳƣ
ҲСȷһ£һǧүһҽʦȻ֪ҽˮƽôģԿ϶һҽʦκԼĲ



238 ˵ľ루1
ڶ峿Ҷ˴СڲͣСڣǰ»Ҳڲ֮УҶһ
СֲԶ𣿻ڼʣ»кһ䣬ֻʵģҪ֪𰸣Ҳ֪Сǲشġ
ɳ嵰ȵȣͻǺһ»Ҷ˳ԵͣͻȻҲҪ
ҶˣҪһ飡»ҶˣͻȻࡣ
ʲôҶҧʵ
ҵķɫʲôʱԻָ»ָԼʵ
Ҷ´һ°»صӦûºָѾ˺ܶˣ
ͷڻǺڵúú̿һ»΢ŭ
ǰǰŽú̿Ҷҡҡͷ˵
»ӻأ
ڣ΢˵ú̿
»Ĭ˵һú̿
ŶҲǣ˵ú̿Ҳú̿㻹ú̿Ҫú̿ʮ죬ȻɡҶͣסˣΪҪʺϵĶݡ
һһú̿ʲô˼
ˣȻʲô
ʲô»ʵ
ɿҶ˿һ˳ɿģͻش

Ҫɱ㣡һᣬ»Ҷҧгݵ˵
Ϊʲôû㡣Ҷƽƽ˵Ҳƺ˵Ҳ޹
㻹˵ûУ쵰ӻΪĶҩ»ŭ˳ݺݵءҧһ˺
ǰǲСôģҶûľν˵
СģʱҶֻаˣ㻹ҳԶҩҶɣҵʱôģ»ÿ˵£еңͬʱҲŷŭ
Ҳ֣ҲСǿҶ˻صǲ̲ӡ
ô˵ҪҸ㶨£Ҫף»˵
ʲôֲŮˣںڵʵҲ˵ˣֲǺܾãһʲôϵġҶʵ
ȥôˣ»ûʹ£ҲֲˣʱͻȻмһ⡣
ֻҶ˶ЩģǼеسͣ
ǰûԲҪˣҪף»棬Щ̾˵ƺһ㡣
ʲô£ҶͣŰ»Ǻںڵ»˫۾ƺøˡ
֪֪Ŀģ»ҶʵƺڵȴҶ˵Ĵ𰸡
㲻˵ô֪Ҷ˺ֱӵػص鰮»û˵Ҳûʹ֪ˡ
»һ£ȿȣڸɣﲢΪ·
֪ɽ֮ҾͲҪˣҶ˲廰

㲻ҪҲֱӰɣ
ðɣֱ˵ɣΪҵˣ»ѡ˸ɴһ㣬ΪҪٶ˵һ㣬ͻᱻҶ˸
ŶҶ˵ͷȻҲûκεˡ
»еΣСôýһ»Ҳ硪
Ͳ֪ҵ˭Ϊʲô𣿡
ʲô£ҵ¾ˣҪȥʥǣûʱȥˡҶ˳궹Ȼ׼ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ģϾҪȥʥˣƽʱʱҲܰ»ô£ֺοʱ
ȻᣬǳģҪҸ𣬲Ȼͱߣ»ʼˣµҶ˲ԼץҶ˵ֲš
ʱ򣬼˶Ҷ밮»ȫֹͣ˶ҵƺŵúܴܴ󣡣
ƺѾ֮ĹϵΪҶ밮»ǱҶ˻ʼ
ƺǣҿ
ᣬǲֹϵģ»ܿͷִҵ뷨Ȼ͵
ʲôϵҶ˲ʵ
ұôڣôȥɯ»Ҷ˽ʲô仰Ҳôס
ԭΪڣҪȥҿɯС㣬ҲһˣֻɯСǲῴ̿ͷģ
жҡҡͷȻǵͣڰ»ܲܳɹ׷ɯС㣬ǵĴһµģǾһܣ
ɯС㣬ɽǳǧС㣬ܵ谮һ֮Ů߹ɽӵѶ۹Ҳ׷ߣĽߡ
һ֮Ůôῴϰ»һ̿ͷϹ۵ģ
˾ͱȥˣһҶ˵ֲżȻͺڵġ


239 ˵ľ루2
㲻֪ɯҪڽվһ׻»˵
ʲô棬ȥҶ˺˷ܵ˵ֻп飬ʵ֮лûмһΣĻᣬȻŹ㵢ϼҲһ
мб䣬ĶңҪƷòڣ»ü˵
ŶûϷˣҶ˺ֱӵ˵
Ϊ㣬ĻҾͲڣҾ;Կԣ»˵
û֮ǰҲòȥҶ˲м˵ǿ»ûڵʱֻʱڡ
ҿǸʱұΧɱ·ǱȫѪģȻòȥ㣬ʱ򣬿һٷ湫ӣ»ͷһģ
˵ҲǣҶòƻûм»ĿҲ֪ǲļٵġ
ʱжãҶ˰»һʵ֮ûлɣֻгӡ
ӣ˵Լٷ湫ӣǲ֪ôдģ
һߵĹǣͬҲͶмӵ
ʱܶ࡭ޣʲô߰ģʲôʱˣ»ͻȻ⡣
ҾʹûҶ˻˵
˵ˣ㵽ûа취»е˵
Ϊʲôа취Ҹ߹а취ǲ𣿡Ҷʵ⡭

СӹȻа취
ǰ֪ڿԿ϶ˣܲһ㣡»û˵
֪˰Ҳ㣬Ϊ̫鷳ᵢȥʥǵ·Ҷ˺˵Լɡ
簡һȥʥûµģǳλҪܾأǾģû˿ɯҾͻ»Ҷˣ˵
ȥҶ˲ػص
ҲҪͿɯһ𣡣»֡ڡˡ
鷳ΪһʶŮҪҪģ㻹ˣҶ˺ǲм˵»ҲӦǿɯС׷ߡ
ʱ򣬰»ͻȻһֱ飬ӣ˵ʶôһðΣչĻǿ֣֮
˵Ļ»ֻһ˳ȷе죬ҲӦһ壬һһ֣Ӧö֮ģһ˻һ֮С
ٵǸӣһ̶ӣ»ֻǴģʶκˣҲͱŴĹʵõʧأ
һ֮е֣û׵ô켣ӶӶϷһԼ
⣬ҶȴһֱûʹֻΪûйϵֲȤ顣
ڿ»ӦþĿɯС㣡
ô˵ĻʶģҶ˺ʵ
ţ˵㣬ǻȥ˵»һŶڣҶ˻طȥˡ
˵ɣǵʲô˵飡Ҷ˽뷿֮󣬾˦»֣Ȼֱӵʵ
ʲôˣҺͿɯǺܴģ»Щŭ
Ŷ֪ˣ˵˵֮䴿ɣҶ˵
⻰ôеŤأ»ʱҲûҶо⡣
ҺѧԺѧǴСһ棬ǵõһμʱҾѾıа΢Цڻҵҡ»˵뿨ɯ֮Ե
Ǹʱ򣬰»뿨ɯС޲£÷˾һ棬һͬϰ似
Ӱ»֮УԿһܰޱȴĸ飬һ޷ǵĸ飡
ԶǵãԼ뿨ɯһĻĻ
ʱΪڵҶȴһ顣
ѧԺֺϤ
ҶƺѾˣѧԺǰ۹õһѧԺǰջʼѧԺĶ֡
ͬʱҶ˸ˣѧԺջʼѧԺйһνһѧԺһŮͬѧйܵĽ
Ȼˣܽ˼ԸģҲ˼ð
Щ飬ҶƺѾøɸɾˣԺҲǡ
Ȼ֮ŲٵĲ࣬ҪһͨҵŬֻҪ߿žͿԣ»˵ģҾͻῪģѹһ
ҶЩˣС޲ôͻȻɰˣ֪ԼһЩȽҪĻ


240 ˵ľ루3
ȿȣǸСڰҸոˣ֮ǰͦõôͻȻҶ˵Ǻܸɴĳϣʡ
Ͳһң˵ôи飬ô񣡣»ŭֱ뿨ɯ֮䣬Ǵĸ顣
˼ҸոѧԺҺ
ϻȫ½ڶѧԺôû»û˵㵽ĸɽ壿
е㻳ɣһֱҶ˲ӦĳҶһκ˶ûеĴϢǵЩͬ
Ӧֻйɽ˲УҶȻʵ壡
ڶĲǻʼѧԺ𣿡Ҷеʵ˵
ƨĸ˵˵ģʼѧԺǵѧԺǵڶ»˵ĸУһά
˵˵ģ˵ԼǵҶˣǸʱи˺ǫ˵Ļ
òƣһΣʼѧԺȷڵڶǵֻ˲ȥ϶ѣ
ңĸ˵Ҫ»ҶҭùǺⲻָźͺ¿ͺ¿˵ʲôΪոʵģĸ˵˵ġ
»֪ԼܿҪٴԼԼ͡
˵пأҶ˵
»ûˣȥˣΪѧԺ¸ص似ʦųѧԺ似һ֡
ͬʱҲǰ»żȻȥֻӵ
ôģ»е档
ݽ·ʱ򿴵ġҶ˻صڼ֮УӦûǸӦݽ
ݽʦʲôʱҲݽˣˣ˵ǸոյĻû˵꣬ոʲô»⳶Զˣͻص⡣
㣬ΪʲôͻȻİС޲µ𣿡Ҷٴʵ
»̾һ˵С޲£Сʱ˭о룬Ϊǻ֪֮󣬾ͻף֮źܶľ룡
ǳ֮Ů֮Ůһ˶ǲݵˣңһͨС壡»˵ţҺ֮ĲôԣԽǳԺҺľҲԽԽԶˣ
ⲻ˸Լļʲôݲ࣬ʲô룬ԼԼµģҶüЩп˵ţֻҪȥͻƣͻ֣ᷢǸһֽ
̫ˣ˺֮ľ룬ʱ㸶һŬҲһ޷Խ»ҡҡͷҶ˵Ļʾϣƺиж顣
ʵ뿨ɯ֮⣬Ѿ˼꣡
ɣ˵öԣ֮ĸǺ΢ģҲ⣬ҾһؤҪϲϹҲһѹˣҶ΢Ц˵ƺڿЦƺҲǺġ
ӦľҲͲ˷ôʱ䣡ʲôþУֻǰοԼĻҪһ𣬾򵥣»˵Լ֮ǰĻƷˡ
ţô򵥣ҪôһҪô֣Ҷ˵ͷ
ǰԼо룬һЩżңҲԶˣʵⱾҵĴһһֱһҲͲԶ»˵ең˵ĻԺʱҶˣȴס
ʵܼ򵥣ν˵ľ룬ʵܶʱ򣬶ΪԼвУӶûһҲԽԽԶ
˵һҪͻ룬Ҳ᲻һ˶þԽԽԶˣ
»˵ֱǰʱһһҲ֪ԭһֱΪʲôҪԶǲǲϲˣҲ֪ԭΪ˲֪ѹ˶ã֪Ҳϲҵġ
Եⶫ˾ĪûǴĻ·棬һķֿ󶼲һ
Ȼȴƫƫһε⣬˵һ𣬲ҿ׿ݵλһеĹ˼ɣ˿Լġ
ʲô⣿Ҷ˺ܰԵʵ
һѧԺ֯̽񣬷ֳɼСڰɭֽɱħ޵ĻҪɭ֮£һΣСԱɢˣҾ͹ȥҵ·뿪
Ǹʱ򣬱˶Ѿˣô
»˵ʱϳ飬ƺɯǰһ


241 1
Ҷ˿Ű»ƺЩʲôǿˣڰ»򵥵ļλ֮У֮У˵ĸ飬ĸ飡
ʵڰ»֪ɯ˵ʱ˶ѾˣΪɯѾûϣˣͬʱҲΪ˿ɯðսɭ
ڰɭֵΣյħޣһԣҲŲСΣգοһˣ
ͬʱûЩħ޵Σգããɭ֮УôҵɯŮӵĹµӰ⼸ʱͺã
Ǹʱ򣬰»ȴ˴ҵֹԣҲԼ᲻ΣգȻɭֵǰ
ǧ֮ҵ˿ɯȫ뿪Σյɭ֣Ҳúܶ˸е⣬ͬʱҲ֮˵ĸ΢ı仯
ڰ»뿨ɯļ֮С
һ¹ȴȻµҹһŮ֮УŮЩƣƺǱЩ֦ơ
ŮƺڵȴʲôˣֻΪ߶ţһ˵˺ãԶ¶ԷҲܡ
ʱһȥ²ԶĻѿʼϨ𡭡
ҹԽԽ䣬ˮһı䣬ŮѾһ飬ֲԭʲôӵģ
ɯɯһŮŮļŽŮ
»Ҿ֪Ůûѹֱ˵Ļ΢΢Ǻ£Ǽ
ĻŮẦ£һĪİȫУ
ô֪һѾôû˵ˡһ£Ȼ˵
Ҿ֪֪㲻ҲܣΪʲôô궼˵ǲˣ㲻ϲˣ»⼸Ҷ£Ĳңϲһ𡭡ŮĻ˵š
ŮĻûнһԼ⼸ĸ飬Ҫ⼸Ļһ˵꣡
꾲ţڲŷԼǶô޴
ҺһǵŮ֮ԼʧɢĻͻһǺţöԷҵԼ
ǺСʱһ·ʱԼģֻԷŻЦСʱԼס

ΪʲôĿɯôҪһ׻ѵ˵ֳ֮ˣҶ˽֮󣬱ʵ
Ȼ˶ѾҸǣǰȼˣ׻һأ
Ϊ»һ£Ȼ󻺻˵Ҫַʽ״Ӧ
Ŷˣǿ٣ѡóģͬʱҲףҶһȭԼƣȻ
ôͻȻˣôԺˣ»ЩҶʱܾҲˡ
ʲôʱԺҶ˺ܲм˵㲻˺ˣ۾Ҳˡ
ܱܲ˵飡»üھΪգ
ðɣ˵ڣ㣬ȻѾ˿ɯٰæף㻹ʲô÷յģֻҪȥ߸ˣҶеֵ˵
Ҫ̫˽ˣٵʱҪСͨͨСٱҲãҲа취ͨ
Ϊ㣬ŪˣڿһҲˣ»û˵
ô˵أҶеֵʵ˺ҲӰɡ
ףȾҪˣòͨǾʲôҲ̸ˣ»˵
ʲôϵģ֮ǰʲô취ͨھʲô취Ҷ˺ܲ˵
ʲô취֮ǰʲôΪҼ𣿡»һʱ֮仹ûӦܿˣԭҶ˵û֮ǰҲһҪ취ͨ
𣿡Ҷ˴ʵ
ǣ˵ˣǺ˧ģٱ˧»˿ҶˣҶȻǿΣȴҪ׽ʣֻ˶ֵܷġ
УұͲ˧ȻôҶ˺ֱӵ˵
»û뵽Ҷ˻ô˵һʱ
ǰˣûа취һָ֪㻹һЩֵҩֵҽҸ㶨ֻһʱҲã»ڹһ˵·ϣҶһز֮ˣҽʩҩ
Ļ˵ȻˣǾ˳һ£Ҳּ֮ˣûʲôӰ죬ʵϾУҲһһ¡
ȻҲģģҲȥѰµô࣬Ҳβ꣡
ȵˣһܿĹ¶Ͳڴ֮ϣʱҶ˻Ϊ¶ǶˣһЩʳǸ¶˳һЩҡ


242 2
ӽ֮󣬾̷¶زûǮȥҽΣֻܾǣ;ˡ
õҽҽΪð»һֵҽҽֲûð»֣Ϊ½ҽǸвͬʿǸвͬİ취
Ҷ˵ҽںܿͽǸ¶ĲǴ룬ʣµľǸ¶Լ
Ҷ˻Ǹ¶һЩңҩ˳㻹һֲᣬȻǱȽͨģ¶ǿ壡
Ҷȴ֪¶֮һںΪһƶ¶һֱһֱΪʦ
⣬һ£Ҷ˲ʲô
취ҲûУҾãҶ˿Ű»˵
ôã»е㲻ʵʱҿܻᱻɯԹ˵һҲϧ
ʲôֲǿԷģҪó˵ıȥĿɯ֪˵ģһ㣡Ҷ˺ܲػص
㲻Ҫһ²ؼ߸߹ӣû£ʱ˵ң»΢ŭ
ģҲȥμ׻Ҷ˻˵
μӣμʲôҿòҪɯҶ㲻ô˵Ҳʶһ»Щż˵ɲҶ˳ΪԼĶ֣仹ʱ
ƺˣҶôȤȥɯʶֻ뿨ɯйص飬еˡ
㿨ɯʲôǲǻˣΪ˰㣬ҿ԰ɵһ֣Ϊ·ˣȻ㲻Ը⣬ҾͲȥˣҶҡͷ˵ƺеεӡ
𰡣Ҵˣɣ»ץסҶ˵֣һӡ
ٶңҶ̽»˦»ǺܶģӦ˵ʮֵĶģ
ǰҰɣ»ʵ
ţҰ㡣Ҷ˵ͷȽϺ⣬Ҳܵ˸жϣԴٳԿˡ
Ȱһָò»û˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҹող˵һ㣬ڱ˵Ѿûκεĵλ㵱Ǿ֣òˣ
»ĬһᣬϸҶ˵Ļܿˡ
ʱ򣬰»ҶˣԺİܼӣҲһֱԺģʱҪʲô˶Ҫı㡣
Ҷ˸ոյĻʵԣð»Ϊһ۵ѡǱţԼ͸ߵж˵Ŀ⣬ñ˶ԸԼ
»Ϳ䲻Ļʤ
ҪȻܻúܲң
ˣа취ͨ𣿡»ʵ
ûµģ㿨ɯ֪㣬Ҳ㶨Ǯʲô㶨ˣҶͷܼӵһγǰ
Ҳԣɯ֪ҵģͨ»ͻȻˣɯǰѹߣԼαΪС·ա
µʱӣֱӰˣʱμٵףͱģҶ˰ڰ˵
ȥ»žҶȥȻҶ˺׵
ߣȥˣҶֱӿţ̤뿪ʱ򣬰»ֽס
Ҷˣȥ
ôˣʲô⣿Ҷ˿˿ԼĴţûʲôġ
»ʱ򣬿Ҷ˵ߣ˵ҪСһ𣿡
ȻҵıҵﶼġҶ˻صСǾԲµģ˵ģı
Ȼˣ˵ıͰ»ǲͬĸ
ȥμ׵ģһŮһȥ㲻𣿡»ѵ
˭ȥ׵ʱ򣬻һŮⲻʾһ
˵ŮǽûãСȻҲҶ»ȴ֪Ҷ˵ĽãҲŮҲˡ
»֪ʲôϵͷԵĹϵ
ô˵ҶҪǴСȥĻһ˾е㲻˵ײӣӿɯС㡣
۲Ǹұ˵Ŀ⣡УֲȥףôģʱֻҪЩͿԡҶ˺ܲ˵
˵Ҳǣֻ˺޵ġ»ͷҶ˵ȷûʲô⡣
Ϊֵ߲嵶Ҷ˵
ֵܡ»Ǹжֻ
ΪŮ˲ֵҶ˼˵һԡ

Ҷ˴ʱҲ֪Լ仰ĳһԣ٣Щ˾֮󣬱ûԣ



243 峡1
Ҫ
Ⱥ֮УҶ밮»˱㣬Ϊε׻
֮ǰ»Ҳ֣ȴû뵽Ȼô֣ͺһʢһе㲻֮ǰǴβŮ˫
ҲǣһȨƵľɫŮףĳҲţһΣȻ˵ˣҲòֻҪвܣֻҪǱģʸ
һȺ˹ʮ굽ʮ궼У
ʮ꣬СƺҪҸ㵱ţٶҪꡭ
ʮģͲˣ
֮ɽͰһ£ҲҪʮϣʮ£
ãҶ˻񡭡
Ҫ˵Ҷ밮»ôȺ㣿ʣȻǿģ
ȻˣԴ˰»òãԼô˵Ҳǹ壬ô˼ȥģҶȴʲô˵ͦõģ
ʱҲȥʱǸʱҶ˾ͻһС˵
ˮˣ
Щ˾Ȼˮ£
쿴ɵ
ɵʲô
ðɣˡ
ҿ쿴ɯС㱼

йȻЧ󲿷˶ȥ㱼еĿɯС㣬Ȼ˺ߵģǸʱ򣬴Ҷ˵
֪˵ҵĿɯСôûƷΪ
ţǣЩ˾ȻĴֱҵĿɯ

ƺոճҶ⣬»ȥˣȻţʵ̫ˡ
ʱҶ˾˳ƿһЩˣŰ»˱㣬ѾﵽĿģܱϵ˵ô޳ܡ
Ȼˣϵֻ˵˵ˣȴ֪˵֮Ҷˣ

ְҵͥسǱĹԱͷҲ̧˵
ҰҶˣְҵܼӣسܼң̣ͥҶ˵һϸ˻
УΪʲô˵ԼļͥṆ̀Ӧǹ
ܼ򵥣ҶԾΪԶԼֻˣ˵ҶһŲᡣ
ҲҶұ˲ٵ鷳
Ա̧ͷһҶˣȻͷɻ
ȻҶ˵ļе֣ҲֵˣҲͼֲˣ˵ˣҪ滹һ˵ڵţ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾͵õһֽȥһ
֮ϾͲμӿ飬ڽ޳󲿷ֵˡ
һ
»ְҵѧس似ͥ塭»Ҳֱϣһ򵥵Ļ㱨
ˣǽȥɣ»һߵȴŵҶˣΪڵԼһȥҶ˵һ䡣
ȽȥҪһ£Ҷ˶Ű»˵ڵȰ»ûȴҪһȥҪ
Ҫʲô»һ£Ҷʲô
ȻǽЩˣҶ˰ڰ֣΢Ц˵Цð»е㺦£ƺоʲôҪһǿµ飡
ֻҶ˵гһһܶҪĶһǿĶڣֱӶǸһڡ
㡭
»ҪȥֹҶˣȴѾˣ֮һ⣬һħʹ㣡
䡭
ħը˿ǱըöᣬͬʱҲ˶ը÷׷ʲô£
ĹԱϸոڱˣѾ˵ϣ֪ǻ
ܿ죬ǾͿʼĴɢüĻң
㡭ô»еϲ£ˣȻ˵֪ҶʱҲ̫˰ɡ
ôˣҶʱѾջڣ˸޷ɧҵ˾
Ҷ˺ʲôҲûзӣ»еߵʵΪʲôҪ
ܼ򵥣˺ֻ֣ܶҪ˸ɵͿԣҶ˺ɵ˵
ҪҸɵ֣Ҳɱ˰ɣ»Ҷ˲˵ȻԱɱ
˭ɱˣǲǱˣģҶ˲˵ȽȥҪﴦһ£ϾЩ˵ȥ·
Ҷ˲ֲݽˣΪ֣Ͱ޹ɱˣһΪ飬ˡ
ֻеһʽһֿԽ˻Σȴ˵ħе˻һʱ䡣
ȻˣһССʱ˺Ҳǲ˼˺ͷζ岻һʱ䣬֮ͻָˡ
ҪʱǶ٣Ҷ˵Ļ˵˵׼ˣһ죬ʮ£֮ᳬһ£
Ȼ˵Ҷ˵û˺ˣҲ֪ĿΪĶ֣Ϊ˲жֲΪΪҲֻŻõó


244 峡2
»ҲûлˣѾˣҶΪеϣû֪˭ġ
˵֪ĻһԼҶʶģʵ̫ˣᱻ˱ӣҳӣ
⣬ʵ̫޳ˣ
ǰ»ۣҲǺܶ˵ۣûмˣΪ˼ٶ֣ȻʹֶΣ
½ĴǱȽϹģǶڱʱȡʤ
ֱɵˣҪˢֶεˣҲֻϻ֮ˣһֶΣԲ뵽ֱڱˢֶ޷μӵĻᶼûУ
޳ܣʲô޳ܵģɴֱӵģҪ˵ұ֤˶޷ʱΨһģҶ˺ܲ˵ϲ򵥵ֶν⣬֮Щ޵Ķǲȥǵġ
»Ҳ˵ʲôˣҶһʱǽˣһᱻ
ֻҪͿɯһ𣬱һôأ
뵽»ƺҶ˵뷨еͬҲͲˣ˽ȥҶˣ˷ԼҶ˵ĹϵһԼᱻҶһȥеɣ
ֵܣҿˣ
Ϊ»֮һֱҶ˻ޣװʶҶˣ
ȻǣΪŮ˾ͿԲֵ
Ҷ˶ԴֻôһۣȻ˵еҲ˵ˣ
ʱҶûпȥܰ»ֻŰǰôҪȫ뿪ûлȥμε׻
Ҷﰮ»һʧܣһ뿪
ȻҶԼ뷨
λ˼ڸոշСС⣬Ļʱƺ
ʱһŮ˳ŴҵǸ˵Ůźܸ߹ӦһǧС㣬ŲڿɯСò
ѵ˵ǿɯСѣţһ
Ϊڳ˶ʼȥˣһˣʮˣһˡ
ȴԽԽ࣬Ȼ˻飬Ϊ׻Ƴٵ죬֮ɢȥͬʱҲɢϢ
̵֮ܶʱȫǶ֪£֪ɯС׻ΪķʱƳٵ죡
ֻǣû֪ڳ֮Ȼ׵Ļ˲֪Ƴ飡
Ϊʲô
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊո˵ǸŮǱˣС
ȻС˵ģǾ͵ͬҶ˵ģҶ˷ųļϢҪЩ˶ȥֻʣˣʡȥܶ鷳
ףأʲô飿֮˳ͷܶĵطȴһˣֻеϼµĲ֪ǻˣоҶС˾ͿҶˣҲֻҶˡ
֪ҿ˵첻ˣȥˣΪϵЩˡҶָŵϵǼ
ŶͲĶѾˣν˵һ˵ȫлᣬҲһڲġѡ֡
ʵϣ˵ȫлᣬҲΪɯС㱾˵˼ǳҪģ뷴ԼıŮԾʹӦˡ
ͬʱҲԼѡõŮѡ֪ͨˣЩȻͲҪŶӣˡ
˵ʵҪҪԳ˶νҶ˵ˣɯС㱾ˣֻҪ»־Ϳԡ
˵»ֵģҸ˵ʣ˵ײû˵һҪ飬Ҫϼˣ
ôȥ𣿡˿ҶЩ֣Ҫ˵Ҷ˲ǲμӵԱýͣǵˣҲǿֵġ
Ҷ˴űǲμӵԱôеߴŵŮʲô˼
ҵٽȥ滹һֵң˵ˣҶУҲøˣҶ˰ڰ˵
Ϊ˷ֹ˻ͷٽȻҲΪŶӣȸ㶨һУԼٽȥ
Ļ˵һ
ˣѾûˣҾǿһֱû˽ų˳˽ȥ˶Ҷ˵üͷ΢΢
е֣ô񲢲ΪСģѵʲôĿģ
ŶǾͽȥˣҶ˻һȻ߽ȥǲ첻ȻȻһ㶼оĽš
ȻЩˣܶҲǺ򶨣Ŀɶǹ壬һǺܲĹ壡
ҶˣŪʲôôôã»ʱѾһһأпյʱ򣬲Ҷһֱûг֡
ΪŮ˰


245 峡3
Ҳ֮飬˵ˣҶ˲ʶã˼ҺͿɯжˣ˵ʱ򻻸λõĻҶ˳Ϊ»ҶͰѰ»ˣпյʱҲ
Ҫ˵»ΪʲôһһصĹûҶ˵İæ˵ͱ˸޳ˣôڵˣôϿɯС㣡
ʵҲΪ˺ڣ˳ͨ
ɽɿ˰»ȴû˰Ѱ»ϳȥ˵ͨҲҪһ£Ҳҵ֪һͬʵġ
ţԼŮ۹⣬ôҲῴںĶȻҲͲȥģ
ֻǽȴ⣬Լ֪ԼʵҲڴٳԵ֣
Ҳǰ»֪ǲΪҶ˸
ҶˣܼӣȷҪݣҪ޸𣿡һѹص˿Ҷ˵ϣüʵ
ţҪ޸ģҶ˻ص
Ǻðɣǿʼɣһؿѧʶ
ЩؿĶһЩһҪȫͨҪܷ֣ܻĳЩȽֲҪѡһȫţֻҪһͻͿԡ
˵һʲôȫһֻһܵרţרŵԶԶȫŵˮƽǱһҪǸרš
ȫʵ͵ӹţÿڶ⣬˵ľ޵ģ̰ãһ֮Ѿǿˡ
ԹЩӦ⣬Ҷ˺ɵľ͹ˣΪЩ˵Ҫ̫ˣӦԿԣ½ûһܱҶǿ
ҶĽĳǿû¶鿴
ƺҶҲϲҶ˿飬ΪҶڿʱܰᵽܣҲͲ߶¡
ûУû𣿡ҶЩʧ˵
ʱҶѾȫ⣬ھȻеδĸоҪԡ
ʲô˰Կ˰
㻹ǽȥɣ㻹ģҲÿˣ̫ɫˣеҶ뿪˼
ոҶеĿԶ֣ǿٳѵĿܴǲ֪𰸵ĿҲһҶ˴ˡ
εĹҶ˾ٿҲһԹοȫˣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ͽȥЩɹ˻ͣǳǱһǶڵһ˵ҲҶˡ
ȻˣǲҶôΪǵ뷨Ҷ˲Ӧһ滹кܶˡ
ţһ춼пţȺȲ죬뾺ദ
Ҳһֿ飬Щ˶ǱǵķȣûгЦЩͨˣСڣ»
Ҷ˽ʱ˵⣬Ϊ֪һҲҶʲô飬ҲΪҶ˵ʲôرĻ
ӽʱҶ˾û˵ǲ첻·
עҶߵСΪС⣬һҪԭǾСһŮģ
֮£ڳ˶ûЯŮ죬׽ģǰӰģҲһʱ
Ͼ׵ģ
ҶȴôһСȻ˾úܹ֣˵ע⣡
ٺ٣Ҫľ㣬ҾҪȫңҪһСС˳ճɾ
ҰɣܿҰɣ
Ҷ˺̹ȻĽŴҵĿ⣬Сһλ£Щµĵģ˵
ʱҶҲûȥҰ»˵֪»ֻΪҪð»ٵ͵һ㣬ǾͲܵע
λӣδ̣һ幫Ҷ˴ڨҲǵţύһҲд
ҶˣʸմҶ˹֣ͬػص
Լᡤ˹ҶӵĿƺǰ۹֮ˣԼ̽Եʵ
Ҳǣֻ·֮ŮҪˣҾ͹Ҷ˺˵
⻰˿ȷĽģԿɯСûиģǴֵģ
ʱ˶ɵͶһɱӵ񣬶ҶΪбӣʥ飬ô㣬ͺ·һ
ϸϸоĻЩ˱Ҳû̫Ҷһ뿨ɯС㶼ûκθģ
ԿɯСж˽⣿ԼʵͬʱҲҶ˺һڲ裬Դ˱ʾѺ֮⡣
Ҷ룬˵֪Ůġ
ϻ˭֪Ҫ˵
У֪пɯʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
˻йעҶ˵ˣҶ˽һεıӣıӡ


246 ɣ1
ʲô֪ѵ㲻֪ɽǵԼҡҡͷƺе
Ҷ˻ص񿴹ɽǣһɽΰഫǸʱһηңһЩһСӣλõԵʣľͷչһС򣬶СУڵĴУ
ӽɽͽɽǣһֱΪҲɽΨһڵļ壬Ŷ֪ˣпɯ𣿡
ǵģʷ˽ġԼ˵
Ҷеʷ˽⣬ֻҪʷмصģҶ˽⣡Ҷƽػصе㽾ĻƺŲһƽ˸оĽ
оʷѧ𣿡Լʵ
ǣֻԣҶ˻ص
ְʲô
ܼӣ
ʲôԼỳԼû˵Ҷǲ˵ˡ
ҵְǰܼӣҶһȷ
ǲ˵Ц
ǣģ

ʱһЩڳ˵Ĵ֮룬ͬʱɯСҲˣȻǹɫ㣬ֲô˻Ϊߵ
ȻҶȴһ㣬СҪһ㣬ҶĻǾ͸˵ˣ
뿨ɯСһģһŮŮ뿨ɯƽɫӵвȼò
һʻţϣҶڿɯСʱеϧ˵仰ոպñ»ҧгݡ
ʲôԼ᲻׵ʵ
ûʲôҸոһ£һЩҪ⣬ЩɹˣǲʻţϣϧʵǿϧҶҡͷ˵
˵þǣЩҲԼʲôݣҲμӿɯСףҲһԼʲôݰֻҪ˿ͷһͻ˸͡
Ҷ˵ĻõһЩͬм˾ֱӷЩƽǲмӡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵˵ĲǣЩˣ
ʲô˱׵Ҷˣ˵Ҫ⣿
û֪Լ󡣬ӦԶ뿪ﶪۣҶ˰ڰֺ˵
㡭ǲҪҧݺݵ˵
ȿȣܲ԰꣬˵껰֮ٽǵ⡣ѵҶ˵˾ȻԼĴڣȿսˡ
ǶԼĲ𾴣ͬҲǶԼмʳΪ˵˲
Ǹʧˣ˵ҶЦЦǸ
̬Ⱦó˾úһˣҶ˳ͻˣʱ˻ʶ࣬̾ͽвĵǸ
λĿľͲ˵ˣΪϷŮ˵Ƕ˲ţҺ޲ǶԳΪϷŮΣŮϷֻһԣǾͱһεĿ飡
˼˵ȻһŮףҪʲôҲУϷ͸𿴿֡
˵Ǹ֣һС
Ůھͽˣ˵һָɯǱߣҪÿɯԼĻ
ʱɯȴҰ»ӰӣΪĵľǰ»Ϊ»Ÿ
ȻȴôҲҲ»ĴڣȻ۹Ҳڰ»ͣҲɹ»ʵ̫ˣɡ
»㵽ɯ૵仰ֻߵǸŮõҲûŮ˼
ƺŮĹѣ֮ʲôܶûУ޻̸
ŮŮֵˡ˵ٴУŮѣÿɯã֮лѹ
˼ҳһ£ɯǸҵĿܼ򵥣ҪǵʵΣһߣҵɷҪôҴҪôǿ׳Ȼôܵסң
ף⻰ôô죿ˣⲻϽ˵û
ҶҶǸʱĻ׼޸ʲôˣ˵һ仰
е㵣ģҶı׼½ֻмСֵ˺ϸȻЩֲһһǵʱ޲ȥô졣
ǸʱҲ⣬ҶĻشǣ޲ȥͼ޲ȥһеܵңҲ£
ԴˣҶǸʱ˵һ仰㣬㻹ǽһҪҲ㡣
֮һܴս

仰Ҷ˶Կɯĺøж˲٣ҪͰ»ͬʱҲŰ»һСĴָ


247 ɣ2
ģô˵ġ
ʱ򣬰»ȴеɻ󣬲Ҷ˵﷢ɬЦݣֻΪڿɯ˵Ļе⡣
ӡɯںľᣬŮոǾ仰ӦǿƵŮ˵ġ
»ܿˣɯߵŮ뵽˴𰸡
һ̿ɯģҲܷԸ񣡣
Ŀܼ򵥣һͨҵ⣬һǻˣѡ⣬ԶѡҲѡеһɯָ˵š
Ѵһ£һʤ߾ͻɹʧܵģҲһʧȥᣡһУǿǵı֣ɯٴβ
ߣʵǸߣ
Ļǵʱ򰮵»ʧܣҲԳΪķҪǣ˵ѡɷǰˣеĲǲܣ˵Ʒԡ
ҺãĿĵģȻҶɵˣҲûЧܻǻѡЩɵˡ
ɯҪѡǰ»Ҷ⣬Ҫɰ˶ԶȥҶˣ
ѡˣҶ˵һ̬˵ǰĻһѡȥƽ⣬ȥЩɱɱ飬̫ˡ
Ҷ˵Ļ˵һ߹İܼӣЩ齻˾Ϳԡ
ˣѡĶվսΪҪÿɯԼһ档
Ȼ˵ǻ۱ҪҪƭŮˣ׷Ůˣһ˵չҪչǻõĶࡣ
ֻҿʼսʱȴҶȲ裬ûҪȥ˼ٲôҪȥ
𼱣ȥ
»ʱҪȥҶ˵ĶһӴסˡ
ǸʱҶ֮ľ뻹źԶ˵Ҷ⻰Ǵ˵Ļ⵹ǺʵҶ仰СС
Լ
Ҫɣں˵ֻõ㲻ûشΪĻ˻ڲֵʱ򣬵ҽһЩ֮Ϳˣ
ҪΪʲôûϣǱñɱһ²Ǹãٵ֣Ҳǿǻۣ
Ҷ˼Ų裬ȴһֱڰ»Ķţð»ģҶôġ
ʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣ҶֱѧһܣһϾʹõļܡܣ
ֻǣȻҶ˵ûǿԼٲҪ鷳Ҳñһʵ»ܾ˾Լռˡ
ģһܾʵĳʵ൱˸㣬ǵսܾʣ
˵Уһ˵ľ޵ģ㿴ˣڵţⲢǵСǽթıԣЩı飡
Ҷ˵Ļ˰»ԼӦðõĵط֮ǰҪͣ
ͬʱ»֣ҶôͻȻô˼·ôģ
Ǿ仰Ҷڸùؼʱ̣ǲԺ٣ֲӰ쵽Ժ
Ӧ׶Է뷨Ǿ͸ɴһ㣬ԼսҲʡȥҵʱ䡣ڴ֮еԼЦ˵
ðɣҶǴˣײǾֻΧԼһվ˵
ǾԼɣҲóǩôӣһ˵
ڳļ˶ģҲʵǿģҶҪ޳ˣЩ֮У󲿷ֶǹ壬Ҷ밮»ֻƽ񼶵
ƽǹ壬֪ģһǼ򵥵
ιǲеģҶʱͻȻ˵ʾ顣
ҶӣΪʲôУԼǫʵ
ˣһΪʲôΪףˣʱÿɯС㿴˭㣬㣬㡭Ҷһȥ
ԼỹҪ˵ʲôҶȴĻ
ոտɯС㲻˵ˣһϲʤߣⲻǴı䣬Ҫóϰ֮˵£ó˵Ʒ£˵ǲʵģ
Ȼǲģұô㣬ôͻںҹ֮УҲǷө棬ôĳڣһᱻɯСע⵽ţһᰮңҶ˦һͷ˵
СҲ̫˰ɣһһһ¡
һ£Ҷ˾ǵˣҪģ˶鷳ͿԸɵ԰»Σյˡ
֮Բͬ飬ҲΪ˰»˵ҪĻ»Ͳֵ֪˭һͲҶ˿Կˡ


248 ɣ3
ۣӦֱӶ֣ҲûйϵǸɯǻһѡ񣡡ҶͻȻԼԸ򵥣Լôô
ʵϣҶҲеͨģЧһĺãҲΪº󰮵»뿨ɯҶûȻ֪ô
Ҷģţ㣬ֵ¼£һ˳Ҷ˵
ûзŭûʧ˾úʵһ֮˿Ǳȥȷ棬ǿʱԼһɯһܺõӡ
ŶõģǳȥɣҶ˵ͷȻ첻档
һһ򳡴СԺӣŴսЩ֮ǰ涷ǲֺ
Щƺûзոôõʱ򣬿ɯСһֱûг򵥵˵Щ˴ôöǰ״ġ
Ҳ˹۲ţҪά򣬲һҪֹΥ棬ͬʱҲԷһЩ˲š
һҪģϲ˾ʲô˲ź÷ģУҲ϶ѾΪ˵ˡ
Ȼǣʱһ˲ţ
ͬҲҶ˵ĵط
ս֮УһʮֵۣһһĶֻȥһԽȫ
ʹõ似ǱȽͨģ˶ԽӴõ似ȴܽЩ似ӵ£ʮֵʵ
ΪԼ似ţǲϲô࣬Żֱս˾һֲɶõĽţֵ£ˣ
γһΪջ񣬱ε׻ЩݵģŷһЩ˲ֻȴҶ˸ƻˣô󲿷˵˶޷
Һãһֻ˳㣬Ҳƽô࣬Ȼһᱩף
žž
ҶʱƺԼҪսΪǸ˹ƣӰ֮£ҲŹơ
һô似һȷǲףɽв˳仰ȷûƭˣ
ԭڶֵˣ»ԼˣҲһƣȻмҲһЩΪ˲˿ˣ˾ǵС
Ǻǣллڴ֮󣬺ǺǺЦǺ
˵˱һĻ˽Ǻܶ˶ϲĶ󣬶ԴˣѾԸˣڽ֮۽ΣҪѴ
λ壬ʲô֣Ҷ˶ʵʱҶˣƺԼҪʲôֻҪʶһˡ
ҺʱҶһĿģȻҶ˾Ҫˣ
壿ҽŶʮ꣬Ǵ壡ЩƵ˵
ɶŶʮǲ˵ˣӦʮɣҶ˺ֱӵػصɴ۾
ûУҵȷֻжʮ꣬ҳñȽϣǺǡͷе㲻˼˵
ţȷǺϣʲôҽҶˣܸʶ㣡Ҷ˺ܿԺ󣬺òʵҪ֡
ҽʮˣܸʶ㡣ʮ˿ҶһᣬȻŻصЩԥҪҪҶ֣ˡ
ҲΪʮ˺ٽӴ壬ù嶼ֲ׽ˣҲܲϲ壬Ҷˣȴú׽ٲų⡣
Ҫ˵ĻʮΪʲôʵҲΪĸףĸҪȢ˳С㣬ĻͿʳǣֿԳΪһ壡
֮ǰʮ˵ְҵһˣûǳеһͨģ
ʮ˲ͬģͣ
似ʮеģ˵Ҳᣡ
ûЩ似ʲô˶ԻᣬʮΪԼһ㣬ÿԳȥɻСͿʼϰ似ǿ塣
ǸʱǰѣѾʼ׬ǮˣмֵܽҪչˣΪϴҪһ
˵ĺ統ҡ
ҲΪʲôϵԭ
Ϊʲôʮߵѧ츳ȴһֱûб˷֣ҲΪԼ֪ԭһ츳Ϊƽ
һΣҲģûжԼϣһγõĴһȢɯҪĺܶࡣ
ʮˣѧܲȱٵĲǸ似Щã·ս似Ҫʺ㣡ⱾʲôսҺܾǰģ͸㣡Ҷ˾ʮ˺ܶԼθڣһؽµš
ллǲˣֵǮɣǰҪ򣬲˵ҲҪһңûãʮ˺ǺǵЦ


249 ɫ˫ǹ1
Ǯһܼӣϲ˶УֶֻзںʵϣŻӦеļֵòϣҶ˽ʮ˵ϡ
ǲҪҲܰģʮҡҡͷ˵
ɣ˳ε׻Ҳֹһ飬һһӦʺ㣬ǸʲôսҶִӽָóһѵɫƺôʵȴһ
ܱҶܼղصֵĶзƷ
ţõģ˵ˣʮ˵źͱҪȿɯ֮ܶ࣬䣬ܿѡǰߡ
ΪʮˣΪҶˣ
ҶӣҲ̫ˣķʽ˳ոǸʶˣҲҪҶ˶ԾˣһҶˡ
ʲôʽһֻҪܴﵽĿľУӦøлңҲǰһǿĶ֣Ҷ˲˵
ҲŲл㣬Ҳмķʽ֣Ҫ󣡣˺˵
ҲҲҸողǹҶ˴˵

ĳַʽ˵Ҷ˸ոյĵȷǹ󣡣
ߣƱ磡ɣҰ˼룡ߵ
ҵ˼һֱȷҪģҶ˼Ȼ˵ˣҪʲô˳㿪ۣ
ҵȥ˵Ӻܿܿᡣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Уһ

ѵûзھܾ
һھ͸ҹطҪǿɯС㣡ҲǷһȻ˵
Ҳᣬʾ𣿻Уû迨ɯС㣬ֻǶѣҶ˿ˣ΢Ц˵
㡭Ҫ֪Ϊʲô죡
ΪʲôأҶһʵ㻹ûлشء

ѾûˣҲ˲飬ȥֱҶ˽ж̱ӡ


һ족֮˻ûнӽҶˣѾ˳ȥȻܸɴĵز
ʱ˶Ҷ˵ǰСֱͦͦվոպܶ˶ˣһȭ˻ɡ
ոûκעû뵽ͻȻϮΪⲻϳΪոǸҪҶ˵ˣҲһûзСɵı͵Ϯˡ
λС㣬ô͵Ϯˣ
ĳӦС⣬ڴҶֱӽתҶ˵ϣΪ˭Կ϶ҶָʹС͵Ϯģ
ոѾֳɵһ棬ֻǼչʾ
Ҷӣʵ̫ˣԼῴҶ˵ò֮Уһķ߿
Լյ൱ãʧͬʱҲԼķŭ
Ҷ˿ʮ˱˽ߣЦЦƵػصôˣңҵСķ

Ҳ𣿺ܰɣ
λҶӣ˱ԣƽʱֻһˣɯСü˵
Ŷһ˰ҾȥϢˣСһ˽Ǹ㶨Ҷʱ˳ȥҪСȥս
ȫĬ
ҶӣһˣСԼЩͷʹ˵
һʲôֱġҶ˻ص
ֱҪȢɯС㣬С
ҲһɯСԸޣҵСҲǿȢġҶ˴ػص
ٺϣϲ
˵֮УͻȻֳɯССһĻ棬̫˸ˣֱ̫ˣ
ʲô߰ģ
ȿȣλӣ㲻ҪңعأȻҪȡʸˣʱԵ
ðɣǾһ˶ԸЩˣҪһһҶһмӣЩð˼õġ
Сڣҵ۾ʲôˣڰ㣡
Ҷ鵽Ǹİ»ȻҲμӵзӪΪŮ˲Լ
»ƺŷ֣ԼôҲЩһˣⲻܹңֻܹԼ̫ɶˣ
Կ϶һ£Ҷ˽Լһ棬Ϊ˵ö֮޳֮ͽ
ǲ޳ܣǲԶ٣һ˿Ҷ˺ݺݵʱѾͬˡ
һɣһҾⲻǳս𣿡Ҷ˺ܲм˵
ǻѡʤǣǾ͵ʤǣ룬Ȼ˵

ƷƣҶǺ޳ܣҪ޸ɯһߵŮƷƵ
ţǺ޳ܣǸһһĿɶף񡭡ŮҶˣüƺڻʲô顣


250 ɫ˫ǹ2
ʲôɯʵ
ûʲôˣǸ»أֵĻⳡϷôճŮƺǻ϶˵ܿͻص֮ϡ
Ҳ֪˵Ҫģ᲻ʲô⣬ȻһʧԼġɯЩĵ˵
ˣ»ҲһӦòôײ⣡Ůֵ˿ɯһ£Դ˱ʾİοҲİοʽˡ
ϣɯЦЦ˵
ǿϷɣЩΪ㶷ȥʵҲ˼ǲ֪ǲѡеκһҪҪҲһŮһΰĿڳУҶ˵ϡ
ΪҶ˳úеĳˣΪҶ¼ĺģֿ˭أ
˹ˣ˼˽ߣԷ磬ָ̣һ깫ҶˣҶһȻνԱʵ
˽ߣ벻һ֮УȻ˵ĸ֣˹˿ǰ;
ڰ˽ߵĳ֣ڳ˶һ£ȻȺ֮У߽׵ıȱȽǣ˽׵ȴֻôһ
Ȼֻǲһ֣мʵȴôһֿԸģ
ܻԼʵ߱ˣһ׳գڴҵҶ˵Ļػȴû뵽һ䲻мػ

ô׳յϣҾȣҶ˶Ǹ˽˹ˣЦЦһ㶼ںӡ
ѵ˵Ű˽ϵʵŻ޿ֵģ
ҾͲˣ˹ûҶ˿ռȻף֪սʱһҪȷˡ
˹ŻӽŵĹâһۿɼĿгڰ֮УҶ˷ȥ
ö̽˵ʵЩʱǱҪģΪͿԲýӽˣԽ⽵͵㣡
ҶڶʱһתǻĶǵУ
ڷɹҶ֮Ѹײ˺һյ·ƣ·ƾͱˣмֿ롣
˵һķϵҲһС֮һСҲǷϵһҲһʹá
߼ļܵˣĸ֣ĸӦǻὫЩͨļܷӳͬЧ
ҺãҵֻǽýҶԼؿڣƺеµӣֻ⿴ڴҵУȴڵϷŶ֡
˹üȻʹøոյֻΪոҶ˵Ķûʹ˿Ķʵ

Ҷ˾Ϸһ㣬ڷ֮ȥȻһ㶼ûлУƺúܿĵӡ
һСĽ©˹ˣ
У˹£ȻҪץסٶȿҶˣۿҪӽҶˣҪƷʱ
ףʲô
˹ͻȻԼĽһԲԲģģһӣƺǸոҶһСġ
ڣ˹˸ոպò
ӷصĹâֳһ临ӵ󡭡
ãһը
䣡
˹˷ʱѾˣǱըˣãһ֣ԱܹҪֻһƤˣ
ҶըЧȴô򵥱ģ˹˱ը˳ȥһʱ֮䲻
ٺ١ҶЦˣóڣ˹˾һڡ
涪ˡ˹˿ڵ⣬˵һ仰Ȼͱɣòʡ£
㶨һҶڣܲ˵
ʱ򣬸˶ѾĿɿڴˣҶ˾þûж
ڿҶóǸڵʱ򣬴ҾѾʼˣﰵʲôʲô
ڵǾ͸Ӵˡ
һ˽׸֣ȻɵĸɵҲ̫ˣûһ˻뵽
Ҳ˾Ҷ˺ǿֻҶ˸ӵıɣ
ոյըڣЩǳ䲻ĹǷʤ˵˹֪ĻսͿȫͬˣ
ɣ㾹Ȼʹ
ڷӦ֮󣬴ҶҶ˽֣ҲŮƷƣҶ˵;òˬҪ˵ĳ嶯
Щ֣Ҷ˺ܵ˵һ仰ֱûٶ顣
Ҷ˵仰ǡ
ϻһʿҲʲô

˶ûˣҶ仰Ļǵȷû⣬ʿȻõֲó似ħóǵ
ֻǣǰˣһʿ
Դˣұʾɣ


251 ɫ˫ǹ3
һʿ𣿡ɡ
ǣҶ˵ͷֻǡûжš
ܲҿıԼ֣ҶҪı鿴һ£Ȼ˵ⱨҲҶԼдģϾ֮ǰдģǸʱ벻ԼҪʹ
㣡Ҷ˺ؽӸԼᡣ
ܼӣȻ˵ԼѾ֪ܲʲôϾҶ˵̬ȣȻ벻һְҵ
ţְܼӣְʿҶ˵ͷʿǸְѡ

˵ôˣǵҪ飡Ҷе㲻ͷ˵ϲʱڵȴ棬Ҫ黹ΪԼϲġ
㣡һΣ㲻лóˣһ˳
㣬ǻ˰ɣ㲻Ǹ˭ˣҶ˶˲ðֻΪо˵ʵӦڰ»֮£»ԼֻѡȰ»߳ܶ֡
ڳ˸ոƺҲֻʣһԼᣬһǲ֪һ
Լô˵Ҳ˵仰ģվһᣬĻ͸ˣ
ʱԼᣬüͷƺʲô顭
Ҷģڿ𣿡һߵŭ
ţҶ˵ͷܳʵ˵ѣԷܴ̼

ȻҶƵ£¾ֻ÷ˣҶ˵˳ڳУʱɲȴҪָɯС㿴
ƵƵĿǰߵǸмҪһ¡ҶͻȻһߵĳˡ
ʲô£ʶʵ
ܽʮ˰ҴҸһңҶʵ
Уһ
ʱ򣬼˵϶ֺߣҪɶҶ˸ɵ
ҪǿԵĻʮһԽǣһСʿǲЩߴܡҶҡͷ̾
СҿǱɰɣ
˵ﶼð뷨
ˣɣҪʹˣҶ˶Ǹ˵
Ǹְγ˽òƹ嶼ϲýƺһ㣡
ȻǸ׼ʱҶͻȻ֣ȵȣ
㻹ʲô£Ǹͣˡ
Ҫʣ㲻˵һʵ𣿡
˵Ǹһ仰ȻͳȥСĵעҶˣҶ˻ʲô
ʿսħʦͷʹ飬ǲ֪ʿʲôУҺãսʿǺܶ࣡
ˮϵȫҶ˼֮󣬱㽫ڿ󣬶Ǹֺһ
ֻʱǸѾ֪Ҷ˵ͷҶ˻ʹһУ
ȫٱܿǵ⣡
䣡ڴ˳ĳǱһǣȻǱһǾͿʼˡ
ҿСӣӷӰڴһ֮󣬾ŭ
ˣһ㣬ٳҾͲķӣҶ˽ջȥȻӳףͬʱܲ˵
еǮǱҲһǲ˻ɵģȻЩʶ֪ˣˡ
ǡףʲô
ౡڳڽʱ֮зһɫ壬òƾҶ˵ը
ҿըҿ
˸˿ʼܣ֮УɯСˡ
СӾȻըҪ׷ĿɯС㻹ף׵
˼ֻһ£ӴˣҶ˺ǳϿҵصǸ
ǹģ˻ûУŮƷѾˣҶҧгݣݲðҶ˳ˡ
治ǹģ˵ˣҪɵˣι˾ſɣҶ˶Ǹֺ
ʱǸڿգҶ˵ŪƣڱϵףȥҲܣҪСĶ㿪
СӣսȫǮսЩҪǮͨ
һ㣬˶ȻģҶ˵սʽǱ˿ѧģͬʱҶԼҲάֶãΪʵ̫Ľˡ
ըĲըǻƳȳȵĽң
˵ûְȷǰܼӣҲֻаܼӲܻķʽս
ʱ򣬴ƺŷ֣ԭǮⶫȷһֺ
ĹƺܶǸ˺˵ǸһӽҶˣһ֮ǸһҶˣ
һǿҵĶҪҶʬһ


252 ɫ˫ǹ4
˶ãҶһҪˣΪҶ˲Ӧ˽ʿûԶ빥
ķ棬оҶǺûһǸڣЩըǲڽս
ʱҶЦЦֻ˫֮УͻȻֻͣ񲢲Ǵͳĵ
ͺͺǣôءԣͺ֮ǰǸڵС桭
С棿ѵ˵
飡
飡
Ҷָһǰ˳ֹâȻ󷢳ССıը׹ͳǸֶȥ
⣬ⲻǹ
ûҶеľǹǹڶ̾սͿٽ
ڽ벻ʩչһȴʱ䣬ʺս
ǹͲһˣûȴʱ䣬ΨһĻСֻܶ࣬ڣ
뿪ǹǽʥ㲻
ǸֲǹˣҶûйҪֻʱʧȥֵ

Ȼụ̂Ҷ˻Ǵһ˫ǹȻǹܷڼϣòƺӡ
ʱ򣬴ҲǹǹΪͣɫǹĳʮҡ
вٵǹøأΪҪҶ˲Żεǹܣһ㣬׿̣
Сӵʲôˣôôһôǿ˵жиʺţ
ˣҶǹڶǸ֣ͷ΢΢һ
ߣװʲôᣡƷƿҶˣǲм˵ȴвһǾҶ˻е˧ġ
ɯĬ
һˣԼṫӣ
ҶһǹָԼᣬʣΨһð»пܻˣȻֻ˵Դһģκ£κ˶лӮ
޾ԣ
ҶӣҶˣԼῴҶˣͻȻʵ
ҲǸ߹𣿡Ҷе֣ԼողǸ߹Ҳǰѵմ֢
մ֢ʲôˣ
ûУֻҪȷһ£룬ҿȨˣ͵ѣԼ΢΢һЦ֮ģȻ˳ˡ
֮Уƺԭһ֪Ҷ˵ݣΪ˲ҶˣΪҪҶһ飬˳ˡ
ԭڿɯ£ǺܸðΪøҶ˵飬ҪȢɽǵĳǧ𣻻ҲΪûĿԻʤһ˳ˮ顣
ǳʲôԭԼ˳ˣҶҲͲ취ȥ˵ò顣
Ҳ붯֣ܶ˵һ鷳飡
Ȼˣ鷳鲢ǾˣԼ˳ˣһԼʲô˼ʱҪ˳Ҷˡ
ǵģҶĹУˣҲҪվ֮ս
ಡ
һѾ޽½
䣡
޽֮󣬽ըһСӣ޽ȵز档ԣ޽ӳʱǴһĶŻЧ
ƣõ³˿ţ
ҺǾɣһʮҵ껺߳ŻӦһбĹ塣
ŶǺðɣҶЦЦȻֱӿ۶
һһҶ˵ûзֱ𣬶»һ֣
Ҷ˵뷨ûҲṥڣ˼һûǰ棬ǰѾ޽ʱ򣬾Ѿʼˡ
Ϊһα˸ˣ䱰ɣ
ʲôұɣʲô£Լѽӳȥģֵ˭סԼʲô£Ҫˣ˧ģ
һЩ֮Ҷ˺ƽ˵˵ʱϵ˫ǹһֱûֹͣ
飡
Ҳ֪ǲҶϲЧÿɫǹǹʱ򣬶ᷢǹ
ǹЧҲǺӵ࣬ͬһʵӵһħԪؾۼɵģһ
һʼǸո˦޽ˣǿܹһʱܲҲö⡣
ֻǣʱƣҶ˵ǹԽԽ꣬ңеǹģʽҲڸı䣬һʼĵ䣬ɺ
ԵȣǸȴҪŬŶ㿪û˾޽ʵûа취ʱҶҲûиȥ÷ֱӱ¶

һСĳССҶУӶʹöҲ΢еӳ٣
ʱҶ˾Ͱᣬ˫ǹ뷢̶ȣǸ˷䡭


253 ȢˣС檣1
žžž
ˣǱЧףһܲܣ
˻һ֣ȴⲻĹʮ֮ȥˣ
ҲӦðѽӹȥˣᡭ
뷨룬ԼûаѽӳȥеĻһԽЩȥԽ飡
Ļһ
ҪҶ˵һ仰һ
ָӵ̫ˣ
Ҷˣ̫޳ˣôܳñûʱ򹥻ʱ˴ǵڵϣвʵ˺š
ˣǱˣǰ»ʱһҶڵλãһΪԼ
ӦʱѾ˵˿ڣе㲻˼ؿҶˣ
Ҷȴ⣬Ȿûʲô˵ˣʱ򰮵»Ҳʱ˵ˣҪЩ齻ˣ
ⲻ޳ܰɣԼӵģңû涨һҪȱҶ˻صʹ·ԼĿ
ˣǳ֮Σ޳ܵΪɣ쵰ŮƷƲ廰ظоҶ˵ıߡ
ȻһܼӣǺܺõģﱰɣ쵰ˣҶ˷ʵ
Ǳɣǻ쵰ŮƷĵֻһԣ˵֮ԼԼô˵ôֵġ
ﱰɣ쵰ˣҶ˴ʵף⻰ôеϤ
ԭ㣡쵰Ҫɱ㣡ŮƷͻȻŭҶ˺
ı飬ǲǣԶǵãڿԿ϶Ҷ˾Ǹ
ʲôҶЩ׵ؿŮƷƣʲôңѵǰʶ
˭Ҽ𣿡ҶɻؿŮƷƣһӡûУôܻʶ
ߣ˭㣬Ļ쵰Ůߵ仰ʵǷ˭óʶҶ˵ģ
ֻҶȴΪ˵ġ
˵ûɣȻôûӡ󡣺ˣ˭ҪģҿһĽǣҶ˶ʣµЩ˵Ůȫȫӵˡ
ʶģҪʲô
ŮҪΪȴߵĿɯסڿɯɻ֮У;ˣԼӦʧԼݡ
ǾͲҪԼˣЩˣҲϲǸ쵰
Ҷģţһ˺ȴûվʱ򣬴ҶҪȥ̽Ҷˣ˭֪Ҷϻʲô
ҾˣôΣҶ˺ܲ˵ؿЩˣϵ˫ǹתתȥӡ
һĿΪʲôҵҿģһֱûɯС㡣ɣܴûȥҶϾΪǸûнġ
ȻҲҪ£ȻѾһ⣬ǾѡϷһᣬȴʲôġ
ⰡȻô㵱𣡣ҶͬʱҲʾһ֡߿
ôûأҿ൱⣬Ȼôܰﰮ»أҲһĳɷ֡
棬ѶᣬȻһߵŮֱӴҶ˵Ļ
ô֪ģҶЩԾʵ
˭ܿ
ʱ򣬼˶ﰵСӵʲôˣʲôˣ
һ޳ܣƱˣһԺӣ˭ƭˣԸ˸оеìܡ
ȻҾ˵ˣ죬˭ҪҪ뿨ɯС˵ʶĶȥҶֹͣת˫ǹЩ˰ڿ
ΪԼ˭ƾʲôģ
ߣ㻹ǿǼɵֶΣӮȻ㣡

һӣͻˣҶ׷׵ָҶˣڷ߿֮£ֿʼԾԾԣҪҶ˸ɵ
ʱ򣬲֪˭һ⣬ֳ˶һΰĿҶˣȴҶ˵Ļش
ǡ
ߵŮô£𣿡
ܼ˵Ҷ˵ǵĻ͵ʧȥʸ񣬵˵ǣҲ֤ǣһҪʸȥ
֪֮ţɯСͻὫΪɷѡˣ
ǡҶҡҡͷص
˵Ҳûã
ͿɯС㣬ĸҪ˺ܵʵ⣬˶ţҶһ˵ɯС㣬ΪǾҶ׵ģȻҪԿɯСΪء
ȻСܸǾͱʾҶһ˼СĿ


254 ȢˣС檣2
Ǹ⵽ʲôģ
ʵ͵ڣҶ˲˼СĿֱ˵ɯҪСһһẈ֮̂ĸѺۡ
ȻΪǲ֪Сﲢ࣬һûиܣЩκεĿ
һ㣬Ҷ˲֪֪ҲںΪ
ȻҵСҪҶ˺ԥػش

ʱȫ˶סˣûҶ˾ȻĻشĸոպ෴ġ
ʲô˼
˵СҪʲô˼üܲ˵˵
ҶЦЦ˵ﰡ˳ŮȢˣС檣
ʲôС檣
ȻСˣѾСˣҪٵĻҲС檡
㾹ȻҪÿɯСȥС檣
˶ŭҶˣ޲ðҶˣ»Ϸˡ
Ȼм䣬ҲŭͬʱҲﰵ˵ʵҲֻǲȥ
ҶˣҲ
ȻˣǲȥҶˣǼַҶˣ
Щ飬˶뷨ֻǲ˵ȻҲ룬һվڵµߵ㣬Щ˵ЩˣϴʵǴ𣡣
ι㻹ŸʱˣҪ˳ˣ
ڰ»ĶУʱͻȻҶ˵ĻҲð»ԼĿģҶڰԼġ
˵ԼʱȥֿԻҶ˵ĻǾͻΪĿ֮еӢۣȻӢۿֻǶݣܲôԡ
ֻҪʱ򰮵»һõȫ˵֧֣õȫĺøУ
ҲҶҪĽ
ҶʱҪð»ΪõʱΪȥЩˣҲˣʣµҲð»Լ㶨ˡ
Ͼǰ»飬ҶֻǸһ£ð»ʾһ£ôÿɯˣ㰮»ԵͷҲãҲǵõĻ䣡
˵Ҷ˽ȫ㶨ˣǼŵľֻҶˣԼ޹أƺһ飡
ȻˣҶû⣬ΪҪ˳ѣټȥ
ʲô㣬ȻĿɯС㣬ǾͲҵˣ
Ǹʱ򣬰»ǷһᣬҶˣûб˸ˡ
Ҷˣ㻹Լȥɣﲻӭ㣡»ʱֻ˵ţҶˣָֻ߿˵̬ȡ
ŶˡҶ˵ͷƺҪ뿪ûҪ»Ծһ¡
»Ĭ簡Ȼ˾úܹ֣ᱻ˻Һʲôϵ
ǸʱҾƺҲϴˣ
簡㣬һ˳ܲ
ʱİ»Ҫ˳ȥҶ˸ֻֻĬĬš
ŶˣҲӦߵģߣҾߣǲǺû𣿡Ҷƺ˰»ͣعӣػص
ʱ򣬰»ҪҶ˿ޣԴ˸лҶʱܻͷ
ͬʱڳ֮Ŀɯע˰»ϣӰ»˵һ̣Ѿ϶ںĶ꣬Լˡ»
Ȼɯ֮ȴɻΪʲô»ôڣ⻯ױģǳʲô飿
ɯ֪ܿ죬Ҳٵ⣬Ӷȥһ⣬Ǿǰ»ôӦҶɵĻ
ڴʱ˿̣˵Ŀ֮УҶ˾ǱɵĴʣ޳ܵߡ
Ȼڰ»УҶ˲ģҲֻģΪ֪Եɣ
ΪҶԼĶԾ֮УһʹķʽʹЩֶΣӦûʽʽĶԾԼʵչֳһܾʵĶԾ
Ȼǰ»Լ뷨Ҷ˻᲻ϾͲһˣ
Ǿ͡»ǴҶ˵ֻȴҶ˲߶ʮһֱӿǹˣкʡˣ
»ƶ壬ݲʵԼ߻Ļϳ亹ֻΪǲ
Сӣʲô˼ҪһСĶ㲻ȥˣǸô죿
»ҪҶ˽һǿҵǴֻʱƺʺ飬ҪǣҶҲûлС
Ҷ˲ûΪǰ»ֹͣǹ
Ҷ˵ڻǲǶԿɯģ㵽ǲڰң


255 ᣨ1
»һ߶һ߶ҶˣҪһҶ˺ݺݵشģѾ϶Ҷ˱ģ˵ĵˣ
һ·Ҷ˸ĸоãռ˺ܴĿԣ
ʱҶƺûзʲôԵģһǹһǹĹ»ð»ƣڱһСľͻᱻС
⿴һ㲻Ҫˮӣѵ˵ҶԼĿģ
ͬʱڱϵĿɯǽŵץŮƷƵ֣Ϊ»ţһŮƷȫܸܵó
ϻôܸоҵֶ챻ˣ
ɯܲһ㣬ˣһߣŮƷƺ۵ƴš
ˣ˼Ʒƣû°ɡɯ̵Ǹӳϼ
ãû飡ŮƷû˵
ŶǾͺáɯ˵ְ֮ע˰»ϡ
ŮƷƲ˵ʲôˣѾˣǰСӾǸ»Ȼ˵ûаѰ»Ҳֻ棬ȴԿ϶¡
֪˰»ÿɯô⣬оΪǿܽǰİ»ȻڵġСڡ»ԱȣȫǺϵġ
ʱŮƷҲһеְ֣»ΪʲôҪԼŪڣε飬ûаŻ
ǲ֪Ⲣǰ»ģǱΣ
Ҷƨǰɵ𣿡
Ҷ˵һð»ȷһ£ԭҶ˻ǵ£ûˡ
ʱ򰮵»ƺзһ飬ǾҶ˵ǹٶһֱʹһ״̬Ǿոպܶ״̬
ϿǷǳľգʵȴоգҲ˿֮ٵĿܡ
ֻǣ»һ£˵Ҷ˹ƽģôģ⿴̫ˣ̫Ĳԣ
ûҪһȷѣҶ˽Ⱞ»ʵҲһ㣡
ȻˣҲ˽ʵô򵥣ˣ˽ˣҲǾ֣κշľ硣
ֻǣָʹ似ҪҶһʹǹеͺȥˡ
ﻻκһʿһ㣬ţҲһѿ
ֻΪҪ̫ļ㣬Ҫ㰮»жҪǹеĹлӰ죬ȵȡ
Ҷ˾Ȼ˿֪ضȻ󲨣ȻʱûʿڳԶҲû⡣
ʵϣڳҲ⣬ΪǶΪҶڹ»
ڳˣֻа»һֲ֪ʿ֪٣ˣ֪ҲֻһӶѣûн·ϡ
ʱ򣬰»Ҳ˲ģ͸Ҷ˵ָʾǰ濿
ʱ˿̣»ԼʵǹģȻûǰһطһζܣһβҶ֣˵һһǺ᲻룡
ͬʱ»ҲˣҶ˵Ĺ֮Уƺһ·Լ԰Ȼͨ·ֻܿ޷֪
һߵˣֻоҶڲϵĹܵһûлķ棬ȴ˿ܽǿȣҲһص㡣
ߺħʦҲҪ֮ħԪأվ۶Ϳԡ
Ȼ˵ʹģ˵ʹģ˵ĻǸģҪߺħʦҪ鷳ܶ౶
Ҳһص㣬Ҳʿ֮УٻоսԱΪʵ̫ˣĻȥѧ似ħҪЧܶࡣ
ΪΪԼսҪΪһֵˣԲȥ
࣬ǻʹһƷΪϵȸ¡
Ϊ֣ǶмʹĶΪǾҲԼʵɸӰ죬һ
ܱģ
»һǰʱ򣬱ϵĿɯҲʼһĽţǳɹ֮ǰĽţڳɹǰһ̶ٶţԼĵҪɹǾͻӵĽˣ
ʱ˶ֻ֪Ҫ»ӽҶˣ͵ǳɹ˴룬ԽҶ˻ܣ
˭֪ʿְҵֻҪǱ߽ʿƾͲˡ
»һߣͿԷӳǿʵǾһԻҶˣţҲ˵뷨ǿɯ


256 ᣨ2
ʱ򣬴ƺһ£֮ľԽҶ˵ǹг̾ͻ̣ͻ죬׶㿪
ʱȴһƺûб仯ΪҶһķŻٶȣǹǿԸٶȡ
֮£ҶֻվŲҲ˺ߣӲע⵽һֻ֪ҶϾҪùˣ
Ȼڰ»Ҷֻ׵ľ֮ʱͻȻһ£˵һ£ҲҶˡ
ˣ²Ҷ˿ⰲŵģһ⡭
һ̣Ҷ˵˫ǹͻȻסˣ

Ҷ˦˦˫ǹŪ
ûеˣҼǵóİҶе㷢
ƺҲһȱ㣬ûħͻľͲʹã
ȻҶҪ䡰硱Ҳа취ģֻҪ㶫飬ǹŻӵһ㡣
ʲôʽҶһҪʱȻʱ̣ΪҶѾûлȥˣֻΪ»֮ǰͽˡ
ô˵ҶΪҶӦûЩʲôΣҶû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼᡪ
ҡ䣡Ҷ˺ܸɴ˵˫ǹ֮УҲͻȻ֧С졣
Сģ
»һ£ȻŷӦҶ˾Ȼˣ
밮»һ˶һ£һʼҲ֧С죬Ȼ뵽Ҷ˵䣬Ҳ벻Ľ
һ£Ϊһʿʱ̣ҲӦǷˣΪȥǱɡ
ȥĻǽҲֻˣȻȻõĽҲǴҶѡ
ȻˣҶ˲ģֻ룬ȻԼǹû硱ˣǾɣԼ˳
䣿»ҶˣЩ㶵ʵ
ţӮˣֻѣһԸķˣֻҶ˵ͷԼҼ仰˵˵Ҳ̨ð»档
ЩҲð»úӣһηҶԭҲǻ˵ûģȻҶ˽һ仰Ӳ۸ˡ
ֻҪ˵ڲģôҲɯСôῴһںĶ
»뿨ɯĬ
˰ˣԴ˱ʾͬ⣬Ǿð»ӦóոΪǴҶɶ޳֮ͽ
ʱֽìͷ򰮵»ð»ԴͷʹѣҪҶˣôһԼһںԼأ
Ҷƺ˰»ھͽˣҪһ£ȻĻôҲӦЩ˾ǳĹߣúñְɣ
»ˣʣµľҪԼıˣԼѾ˴㣬Ѿ׼ǶԿˣҲһüͷ
Ϊ˿ɯѾȥˣ
ƺ˰ɣһɹģ
»Ҷˣﰵģû뵽ǣҶʱ򣬾Ȼܸɴ뿪ˣûԼĴ㣬һ뷨ûС
ʲôӦöӮ˶ûйϵˣǸɯһѡ㡣
ȾѾ˵ˣӮûйϵֿܻѡһңΪԼһ·۽ʲôģѡȨϡ
ǼˣһҪ·Ҷ˴˸кȻ뿪ˣ仰ƺҲںͰ»˵һֱ뿪ǰʥǣҲĵ
»ҪסҶˣƺѾûˣңҪӦ飬ҲûпȥҶˡ
ڳ˶ҪҶ˿뿪Ҳ͸Ҳһ⣬ͿںסҶˡ
˾ǸŮƷơ
ɫǣ㻹ߣŮƷƶҶ˺
ףôɫˣôһ£ѵ˵ǽдҶɫ

Ҷ˺ûһߣл룬ɫǣɫ
ҶˣŮƷҲǽкһ䣬ûٽеڶˣûΪԼҪǰҶҪ˵Щʲôأ
Ҷ֮˼ܾʵĶԾʵ˶еǸĹۣеǾǰ»»ҲΪ˸˺ܶ࣬ȴԱ˹飬˵Ѿõˡ
»뿨ɯóԸ֮ƺҶʱˣֻ֪罺ᣬֻ֪Ӱ롭
ҲΪҶڰﰮ»飬ûǸŮƷ֪ɯ֪ŶֻΪ»ȫԶûԣ


257 ᣨ3
ΪĽҲŮƷҶ֮ᣬҶŮƷƵĿ֮Уȫ޳ܱɵɫǣ
С
Ҷӣǰ˵ѵҸðˣԣǸðһˡ
ʱҶڹӶǰʥǵĵ·֮ϣ
ڽ˰»Ǽ֮󣬴ӳ뿪ҶˣȥӶ뿪ûɽǵ˼ԭͻ뿪
ڹӶʱҶһξΪŮ˲ֵĻȷΪ֣ԼȻ»ԶˣɽǸʥǲ˳·ģ
֮ǰǸԼôǮȻƭԼһǱǸڲĶˣ
ǣһӵéһȥ벻ָܻҪ˺һ㣡

˭ôȱ£ôéһˣһҪ޵éӡ
ƺҶǸ
Ҷǻ쵰ǲˣңѾȥˣôûлָԭӣºڵİ»˵ʱǺڵúֻܽǱͨ˺һѡ
»ܾòҲΪƤŪˣ
òƣҶˣܴ󲿷ֻܱ磬Ӧ飬Ҳ˲Ҷ˵ʲôһ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ

ӣǰʲô飬ȥšھһطʱǰۼźܶܶˣǳȥ̽ˡ
ŶȥɣҶӦ
ܿģǸ˻Ӿͺһ
ʲô飿ҶЩʵ
ӣǰһȺʳûƵСǳϳӣ׼Ƶȥ
񣿡Ҷ˴һ£ʶ˵ƺңԶңԶԭ磬ڵģûм
磬һֱϲţûнӴ棬͸ûлῴ
ʵʲôӲ⣬ƺ˵ֱض˻
֣˻ƺӿ£
ƵˣǹȥҶ˵˵⵭˲ףΪʲôΪûмΪһʱ̰棬Ϊб˵뷨ҪȥǰЩ
Ȼǳʲôԭ򣬳򶼻˵ͬĻӣȥˣЩûʲôÿģ֪ǹӸûпҪ黹ǲΪһЩ㣬һѲġ
ϴö꣬ƵҲ֪ЩȻһſɺ֮
Щ֮УһЩ˱˵Ȱ裬һЩе˺ΪľһЩʳ
ǰһܺõ֤ǾʳҪǲǣиµ鷢ҲǳҪܵҪԭ
֪һһҪȥߣûϵġҶҡҡ֣ȻóԼߡ
üҶ˺ܲ⣬үΪʲôҪЩӢ۵ϷǵģԼͲˣΪá
Ȼһ·ĽӴƺҶ˲ֳӢ֮幫Щӵܲͬһֱܵ͵ûùȥѹκˡ
ֻʱǮˣһ£ҵ˶Ļϲ뿪ΪҶ˵ĳ̫ˣ
ΪԥԼܻкȤ飬ܻԼΪһˣȻֻһо
ֻǣջǰȴһв˳һ˽ս
Ҷû⳵ı飬ֻǾվ·ϣϦҫ֮£С֮£Щʧص񣬶ǽҪʳ
һ棬˲Ľ٣Ļ桭
𡭡Ǳ߻һʱȺ֮˺ЩΧģûлᣬ׼ȷ˵Сʳ񣬽ЩעеҶߡ
ţҶȿֺǲʧȥǰƣ
ӣܰɣһ̼֮ˣոյԥҲʧˣΪѾѡˣ
ȻˣΪһְĳҲҶһ£ҶӲӣһ¡
߰ɣҶ˵仰ʱ򣬳ѾܵúԶˣ仰ûд복ĶǾдˡ
죬ˣСȲҪܣȺ֮еż˵ҶСûжôҪĶ
ΪӦûжҶϾгԵҲ޵ģֻһ㣡
Уûжǻƥ


258 1
ιʲôǲҪԵģкܶ࣡Ҷ˿ЩȻԼļֵչʾԼļֵ
Ҷ˴Ŀռָ֮㵹һѵʳȻЩʳƷַ࣬ζҲҶ˻ܶʱռģǾƷ
ʱЩƷֻһʣǾʳڶֻҪܳԵĶһֻҪӣ
˺ﶼһûгԱ£ֻʣһĿġԱ
֮ůȻǡ
ԵģԵģ
ţȥҶ˵ǶʳʱȵˣƺûΪԳԱʳͣˣǼţװԼĿڴ
˵һ˽˵һӸԣȴҲԣκԣκﶼȸԼܱͬǲǻҲʳ
ǣΪԼĺ
ʱҪȥǾһɺҶԭĸʳģͻɻۣ˻£
˵˵ĻһҪҪ˶зݵģҶȴ֪Ӧȥֹ˵ֹ֪ûκεЧ
ֻǺС˵һߣЩţ
ʱһںݵΧţҪȥȴ޷ɹԹ˺üֻ֮εͣ
ͻȻģʲôĴţڷҶ֮˫۾ͣסˣҶ˿첽
Ҷ˿˫۾ɻһ£Ȼܴ˫۾֮пҲһ˸о˫۾ô峺ӦóһϣӦóһںݵ֮ϡ
ܿ죬˫峺۾Ҷ˵ߣҶ֣һ˫ݵС֣ȻɳƵ˵ܸܲҵԵģѾûԶˡ
ʱƺѾˣҶǸʳˣǶʳҲҶԴͷҪ
ֻǣڡһǡջ֮£ƺҶˣֻǡһǡ
ں֮ˣһ˫峺۾ƺһ峺ģȻ˵ʱҲǱջˣҲܺܿ췢Ĺؼ
ԣ⻹һҶóʳݸǰ֮ˡ
˽ʳ֮󣬲û̳ԵС˺ĳȥƺףԲյĸܸ࣬õķʳ
Ȼˣʱ˷ʳҪĻ̳ȥ
ãʱûע⵽ҶߣǷطʳڳʳ
ȿˮ˵˵Ƿʲô飿ҶóһˮݸˣƺеȤҪ֪ôһ¡
Ǹ÷ƽ÷һֱɺǵһֱûкճɣ겻Ĵ󺵣ǿգⳡ֣һɳƵ˵ţһʳ
ԭǵĹԱûʲôִʩ𣿡Ҷ˺ʵ
֣ߣôǵֻ֪ԼԺ֣ͲǡҧͺҪһ
Щ֮УƺܷлĹ£
ڸ÷÷ͻҪȴѹˣЩˣҲʧȥ
Ļʵ۶𣿡Ҷüʵһô飬۹ĻʵѵͲܣ
Ļ۹һ߽ܿ⣡
ܣȻܣֻʲôأÿ궼ֵĽЩȴûеǵЩٳԵˣȻҧݺݵ˵š
ʲôʱʲôطʲô磬Щˣ
˵һʮ֮ɱһٸˣЩȴԺǧˣ˵ʮҪһεĻЩ˾Ӧһٴζֹ
Ļ𣿡Ҷ
𣿾㱻֪ˣҲǶǽԼӳͷصҲǽջأȻǹ壬Իúܿ˵Ȼĺޡ
壬һͷ۵⣬ЩƽͷʹȨҲһͷʹǼҪЩ壬ȴ벻Щ塣
ȨߣֻϣЩһ㣬ôһ壡
Ȼһ£Щ嶼ԼʲôʲôҲΪԼǰ;ΪǼǰ;УǻһЩ֪ôģҲ
֮з飬һ¾ǵȨҲ޷棬򵥵˵ؾԼģһ
ڵĸ÷˵۹Ļʵۻһ£ṩȴ濤ֻҪ治ӡ
Ȼˣһεأ÷ĵӰ죬һдķ
ֻǣȴЩܻ٣˶٣


259 2
ߣҰǰǸɵ֣Ҷʱ򿴵ЩѪһѣҪæȿѡ
ҶȻһܼӣɷϣһĺˣȻĶԵģЩ˵ǲ̵ġ
ǸӣȲ˵ʲôظ÷ǹƶˣҪϣȥ˫峺۾Ҷˣɳ˵š
ӦҪҡˣո˵ظ÷ʲô˼ﲻǸ÷𣿡ҶЩֵʵ
Ȼˣ³˹ؿ÷мҪڻȥֻø졣ҡͷе㻳ɵؿҶˣҶѵ֪ʲôط
ǿ϶ģҶ˶Լǲ岻ģ˴·Ļһʣֻ֪ԼĿĵ
³˹ؿҿԭȵȣǸ÷ΪʲôҪԶɽǲǺܺ𣿻УĻֱȥǰĵ۶Ҫһ㡣Ҷ˿һµͼȫʵ
˵ģ÷ҪҲӦкܶѡֻѶȣ벻ʲôôġ
˵ЩطЧЩطһˣȫҪȥĵطһǣһǣ峺˫֮Уƺһʥζһݡ
Ҷ˲⣬׻ʲôطȵ۶Ҫãһ۹ϣӦǵĵ۶Ȼ뵽Ҳǵ۶ûлӴʵۣҲ֪
Ϊһûʵۣһǣǰű
۹ĻʵһĻʵۣһᴦ£˵ӦҪȥ۶Ǳ߲Ŷԡ
ѵ֪һߣһʥĵطһʥɽʥɽ֮һʥǣ˫ںݵָһ˫ֵǺںڵ¶ı飬΢Ц֮¸¶ԳƵĽݡ
ʥǣǵطǲ˽ȥǻǽȥ𣿡Ҷɻ
㵽ǲˣ˭֪ʥʥɽȻýȥڸȴмСǣԽκѵˣһηǧѵһˮ֣ʮ˶ӵǱߣʥһǣϵϵ˸еϣǵĵ۶ʥǡ
ԭʥǺǿôˣԺҰܼҰܹˣһȥԲȡҶҲһϵ˵ֻǣƺеǸ
޳ܵ뷨һᱻģȻʥǵ˲㣬һˣһż㣬޵ݣ˺ǲм˵仰ҲһЩʥ֮Щϰߡ
ʥ֮£źܶϵʥ̽ͽЩͽʥǷٵĹؼǻὫԼһ׸ʥ̣еĻ
ʥǳÿؾ׵ʲ󲿷ֵ붼ʥǸĽͽףЩ֮Уźܶиҵ˲ţҵϵ˲š
ʵһ򵥵ıʥǾͺһ壬ûϣһƻ½˺ܶͶ壬ƻµҵ
ʥǵְԱ϶Ҫ£ֻ𴫽̣ΪͽΪǽѣ٣
ʥʲôʵ֯⼸ǧĵȷȷΪ°˺ܶ£޼ҿɹĿˡ
һαƵĶˣ˵Ҳ£ǲԽĨȥģ
οʥǲǶˣ˵Ļһܵ˵ַʥ֮ҲˣⲢܴȫ
ʥ֮ĽͽϵģǶŬĹһҶ˵ԲȵĻǽͽԷȥӡˣȼúͰ
һĻ֮£Ŭ£ȻҲųһЩƤȳǽǶЩβһػԵ
ЩҲһ˲ţ
ЩˣҲûκεİ취Ҳֻǵļ棬Щ浽ﶼУҲ޷ȥһڸ
ҶˣƺҲʤλãΪ˱żҲ֪ܲ
ҲŲ£ҾҪԵҶͬܲм˵·Ҫȥ
ʵĹ壬ôҪԲȣǻŵġ˿Ҷˣĵ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҵǺܶ࣬ҲϲҪܼҲԼ׬ǮȥܣҲԲȣҲһͬĻرҲϲռˣһӻȥ˱ˣ


260 3
˿Ҷˣƺ뵽ʲôҶ˵һЩ뷨ͬʱҲ֪Ҷ˵ƺܲ򵥡
Ϊ̫ͨˣԲŻҶ˲򵥣
ʱƺһ飬Ǿڵĵطһ˵ĵطһڶʳĵطʱܻ嵽ڵĵط
Ӧ˵ʱӦ˵ڣ
ȡһֻǷûнʲô
ϻСһС߶

һΣڷҶƺû֮ǰСУѧ֮ǰһڲע£Ҷ˵ǰҶҪʳ
Ҷ˶Ҳûоܾһķ֣ԼԼģҲһֵˣȻǷָЩҪˡ
ȻЩʳҶģôҲȲЩٲԶܾͻʧȥ
ҶԼܻа취ģ
ҶߵԽԽ࣬ΪҶ߾Ȼ߲ûз֮飬Ҳͳˡ
˶ܹأȻͲжܹأȻֻҪ˿ͷˣ˸أǹȻͻ˶ɡ
Ҷ˵ҪҶǰعأͻܵոЩܹ֮˵ĹȻҶҲܻСﶯһ壬ȻСܻ⡣
ô˵ʱάȻ֪᲻һֱȥǾͺ˵ˣΪҶ˵ʳ˵ܶ࣬Ҳô˵Ҫ
ǧ֮࣬˵Ҳһ˸ոյЩʳҲǺܶģҶ֮ǰҲûһ滮ϸ֣ܻһûеõʳ
һҪãģиУʱһʳǵʥǣҶ˽Լʳﶼų˰ŷ䡣
ƺںӸոյͿԿʱǸݵһЩ֯ⳡƵĺܺá
ҪǱ˿Ļһᾪ棬ôУСӵʲôˣȻܽȺҵƷˡ
һߣȺΧŵǸӣ˵ˣڶҶ߷룬ԼոյΪʲôˡ
ȻƺûһʼǲԸԼʳǱٵģҶȴһԸóʳЩˣϾͬ
УҶ˸˵ϢҲ޷֣
ȷ֮󣬷ʳȻǲֻˣЩҪҲֲοǻ֡
ֻΪʱԸóԼһֵһһ㣬Ҳ͹ˣ
֮ʱǻôģҲΪҶ˸ϣҶҪȥһʳ
ǰҲȥһЩУЩжʳǽϾôˣ˸е¡
Ȼ˵ԸǮʳĻͲһˣһеģ
ҲΪʲôֵʱ򣬲ʳнǮҲΪЩ˲Ըó֣벻Լѣֻܼ顣
ȻˣҲҪܼ
ʱ򣬾ҪǮһʡ
ӣڵʲô
ʱ򣬴ҶѾװҪǰһ򣬶ǵ˺ܾãûпҶֻеȣĵĵȡ
ҶǵǲҲõȣҲȥðҶˣֻоصȴ
óе죬һߣ֮ǰٵĳҲĵˣѸ뿪ͺһ㡣
˸ոյκ˶ӣֻҶ˲Żվм䡣
ʳǾ仰Ҷȴʲô
ҵأôҶ˿ź棬ȴԵɣΪû
˶ĬǶףոһǲٻˣȻԭǣеȴһʵ
ӣˡ֮ɳƵ˵֮УƺС
ΪʲôոֻߣûҪôȥʥǣҶ˴˵
ԭողҪһһᣬȼõʳȻٷǮ֮ģҪԼȥʥǡ
ΪȻˣ֮ӦҪԼһ֮
ȻˣԺΪӦʵϣ֮£֮һǲٻˣ
ӣոˣ¶ܣһȥͷֻ㡭֮˿ҶˣĻû˵˭׺˵ʲô


261 Ӹ1
ʱȺ˶Ҷһµ֪ǾеСԺȻ֮Ǿ֪ǲСԺһԺ
ԸЩ˸ӵӵҶˣȥƭҶˣΪǾãҶǺϱ˵ġ
Ȼ˵ºҲ֤ҶˣҿԣҶ˴һҶȴǰϻ֣ͺһɺϣǸӵơ
ЩôǮˣ´ֻ𣬲ȫãĿĵٸҶѾˣԣбҪһԼĸʽ
˳ĬǲǸ޹أһǮûҪ֮ŸǮҲǻһ
ǹӣ·𣿡֮ʵҶСĽû߹·Ҫȥ
ţ߰ɣ·ɣҶ˵ͷɲˣͽ˺üԶС˵ˡ
Ҷ˵Ļش֮󣬴̾ʹҶĳȥҶ˾ͱΧм䣬˵Ż
֮УҶ˸˽⵽µЩǧ˲еһС˶ѣˣʮˡ
Щ˵ҪǸʥǴܴĸͬʱҲ۹ܴӰ졣
ͬʱҶҲڸ÷飬ĻйĿɶ飬˽ˡ
£Ҷ˵һ仰Ҳúˣʧȥ֮Ҳкӹġ
ǺںݵȻҶ˵ߣһ䣺ǻܼûǣǻĵģһֱǼ񣡡
ôôûЩƽգôάȨʱǻʵ۾㲻ǿҲһúܲҡҶ˵ǵĻϣһǼ뿪ҲκεԮǡ
Ϊʲô
һ£û˭ڸ÷һ˶⣬еˣûµʳдҲɽգףҪ֪ͨ߸磬ٺ١
ҶͻȻ뵽һУȿҶ׬ǮֿԳͷǸڵĸ÷Ĵ󲿷ֶǹ帻оЩӲߵ
ֻҪȥǱߵʳȻٸ߼ǣǾͱǮҪͬʱҲҪ˴չǱߵƶأӦûܱˣؼ꣬ʳǵʱֿǮˣ׬Ǯ
ȻˣҶҲ˰źЩƽǿԼĵء
ƻֻһС֣û뵽ºȻôԲɹҶҼϯ÷ĲƸӵǧĶ
߸˵⣬а۹ĻʵһæҶ˵ģ۹Ļʵۻø÷ֻж˿й
ΪҶ˲á
Ҳĳͷ

һ·ϣҶСﱻΧм䣬濴ˣΪһͨʱԿǣҲͲں
ȻһЩ䵥ڿôͬʱ򣬶῿һиӦȻˣҲһЩ˾Լһ˸׻ûиŴ󲿶ߡ
ЩȻûȥᣬһ·ЩҪǹĵĶ󣬸ʳһߣǴ󲿶ӵ
Ȼǧ˾ȵˣֻ֮мСһֵˣ󲿷ǻûоȵһһҲǲٵġ
ͣƺҪҶˣΪҶ˵ĻЩҲǲˣΪԹ˲Ͼ
ҲһЩ˷˼ʵҶڲڵһģһʳʵҲʲô֮ǰǻйģһû֯
ͬΪʲô֮ǰûȥȱˣȴʵԭҲܼ򵥣ΪûûԼһԾȣԾȱˣֻԼȥͿԡ
ܶʱ˶ģȴûȥԽԽ⣡
Ҷ˵ĳ˸ı䣬ұԽԽãŵʱʥǵľȼãҲһԼȥˡ
һı仯
ߣȺҪǣЩ࣬ǵ·ǶѾ御ˣ
ǸСǣȻţûЩȥСȴΪЩ׼˳ԵģǿԼȥԼĿĵߡ
СǣƺѾܲˣЩʲôˣǰ˾֮⣬һԮֶû
ʵҲͬǣʵôˣʩ֮˵ĻҲСǵʵ


262 Ӹ2
ܶ˶ģȴûô˭ܰõˣʱʩʳʵҲѩ̿ˡ
Щ֮ܳŵʵҲΪЩеƾ٣ǿԵõһȼãԼȥ
ϾϣУҲͬУ
࣬࣬ҺöҶͻȻ֣ԼƺҲǺþûԶˣǰȻҪȥԡ
ڳԵģҶ˴ޣΪ˵˷ʳǴȻԭġ
ɲ֪ЩһȻܻ᲻һһΪ˳ԵĶҲͲľ
Ҷܵʩĵص㣬ȥӹһ࣬Ȼͺʱ򣬵ȻϺõ·һ·ķ糾һЩ˵ĽӴҲͱúˣͬ·ģ·Щ
·ϣҶ˼ҪҽЩȻǲڻ£Ҳ֪Լλӻһҽʦֻǲ֪λӵҽʲô̶ȡ
ʱ򣬿Ҷ˺࣬ܶﲻζ
ҪǱҶˣС֪̿᲻ޣһֱҶ˵һС̸ÿ춼Ϊ׼óԵĶȻҪĿ࣡
˵Ҷ˳һֿ࣬޷ܵĿ࣡
ǣγֲǾ˵࣬ҪһڶûлᣬֻҶһ㲻ͬѣԭҪࡣ
ӣôܺЩʹ˵ʹҶ˾ȻҪԼһŸȵࡣ
ΪԼЩ˰ʳﶼֹˣ
Ҳܺ𣿿ҶˡҶ࣬еɻ󣬲ԼΪʲôܺȣⲻ˭Ժȵ
ԣ˼Ϊ˲࣡
ǣǲܣֻǡʱѾܱԼ뷨һҲ˵
Ҷ˵ŷҶ˴ԼЩ֮󣬱ҲûгԹκεĶԼЩȴûзһ㡣
ӣǲȣֻǣӦҪԸõģӦǺ֮˵
û£ӶǺö࣬һ仰Ҷ˺֮ҡҡͷ˵
ʲô˲⡣
ӸͷأҶ˵
ʲô˼֮ɳƵ𣬴⡣
һ£ҲǼĵ͢೧֣е೧ԼܵĹԱŭӳܸģǾҪøĹԱͷأҶ˿Щ˵
ˣ˽⣬ҲҶΪʲô仰ΪǰȻ࣬ȴϡַӵ¡
ʱ򣬷û˵ˣ֮УԿһַŭȴŭԣ
ܱûкãһȺʲôҪ󣿡֮ǰǸ˵ܺ˼˵ͬʱмؿһ£ӣߣ֮еĹӡ
ڴҶҶ˵ĳƺЩҲע⵽ˣ֮оȻбӵˣԼЦһ㡣
Ҷ˵ĴţǸǿԿ϶һ㣡
ʱСﻹȺ֮УΪҶ˻ûпȻЩ˾пܻţҶһӣݲĹӡ
СǱҶ˱ĺúõģһȾģ˭һҹ㣡
蹫ӣһȺ˷ŭˣǿɲ˶Ҷ˲ǸжһͿʱ
ǣҶԺողںǼ𣿡

ιιүѵ
ˣȰȵ˷ʳҶ˶˵Ȼǲ⻨ǮһģôҲ˷ˡ
Ǿ仰˷ʳǲõģ
ڸҲЩӵҲͬһ㣬׼ȳ࣬ٺЩˡ
һӣǧ˽е඼ȹˡ
ʱ֮ǰǸ֣ܺ׼سˣΪˣҲͲﱻ紵ɹģƺܲмһҶ˵ˡ
ţҶ˵һ仰ͣ
ǣ
ʲôǣǲˣЩȻҪǣͣЩؿҶˣҶƺûʲô鲨ƽ˵һƽ顣
ûһƽ飬Ҷ˵Ǻġ
վסǲԽǣոҵĻû𣿡СǹԱϣӦһԱȻһС٣һҲǹ١
ոյ̬ȣСԱֿ˵ģ׼ȷ˵ǿƽ񣬸Ҫ˵ҶЩ
ȻˣҶһģ̬Ⱦȫһˣ


263 Ӹ3
˰Ҷ˻صûб仯ҲһûС
ΪʲôҪǣСԱߵ
ǽǺĻй𣿡Ҷֵʵ
ǰй
˶⣬˵ƺûκεĹϵ˭Ȩ˵Ļ
ΪԼ˭ǻʵۣ
ȻйأġǸСԱˡ
ʲôʦ𣿡Ҷʵ쵼Ҳǳʦ֮ġ
˭ǳʦң١ǸСԱڵԼĹҲеҶˣе߳ŭζ
ԭٴˣʧʧҶ˺ܸӵ˵ֻֻάһᣬܿͱˡ
ֻҲףһٹǽʲôʸ𣿡Ҷƽʣʲûп˵˼ʶѡ
ֻڱ˵ĶζͲһˣΪҶ˾ڿˣҪԼ²̨
ʱ򣬸˶̲ס͵͵ЦţСһˣƺܲϲ١
ûʸôûʸ֪֪ҽ˭£һ㶼ὫԼĺ̨̧Ȼ˵Ǻ³˵ġ
Ȼƣ
Сһ˺ǲмİС٣ʵûʳٻûȨ˿ǵģ֮ΪСٵĺ̨ҲĽ
֪Ҷҡͷйϵܱ𣿡
⣬ȻԣСٲǺܿ϶˵˺֪ǲܵġ
ʱҶ˵Ŷԭ˭
ιιòĻ˰ɣ
ڳ˶ΪҶ˲һѺ㶼ţ
ҽʿųǸСٺŵ˵
Ŷʿŵųǳ𣿡Ҷ˳ʵ
ǣ
ŸƨҶЦʵ
һ
ҵȻո˵ʲôҶ˵ЦƽСһʱûзӦΪҶڿԼ
ʱ򣬸ڻָ֮ͬ˵Ÿƨ
ʱСٵɫѾ筺ɫͺʱҪըըҩһ߳ŭĳ̶ƺҲٽ㡣
ֲǳʲôȨǽ룬ǳҲһҪҰѳŴ򿪣ο㻹ǣʶģԼԶһ㣡Ҷ˵
Сܻغһ񣬾ȻҽҹҸˣǱţûʸ񣡣
񣿾仰ͿȥΣҲСټƽϡССĳҪʲôʸܽأҶ˿СЩм˵
Ҷ˵ĻУʵһӦҪСעģСٶʵܻй˾
½һͨõķɣǾǹյĻҪͷΪǹ壬Ӧӵи߹󣻶ˣҲһҪӦĳͷͬΪǹ壬ӦñԼĸ߹
ȻѾһЩǿƵĹ̤ˣ˻ע⣬˵һƽȥ壬ǻǺܳԿģȼ͵ĹȥȼߵģǾ͸˵ˣñƽ񻹲ҡ
ֻΪƽĻֻѵһ£Ͼƽһʶʧǵݣ֮ģǱһأ׵ˡ
СӦһС壬ȴҶ˵ݸߣòҶϻʲôλԼҲ㲻ˣǰһֱС
Ȼ˵Ҷ뿪յ۹ǵĹݻǱеĹҳϣΪҶʾãҪ˵ҶˣҶʮӿ˳۵ģҲһԱĨȥ
ʱ򣬶һСٺ˶û⣬ֻҶ˵Ŀ˵СССĳĻǾͱʾһݲ򵥵ˡ
ʱ˿̣СٵȻǰ߶һ㣬ΪҶǿܴ֡
ߣС֪ûʸ񣡣СٺߵƺûҶ˵Ͼƺ´Լðһ档
˵Ҫʲôʸ񣿡Ҷ˵ʵ
ҪǷѣġе۹ݵʮͭңûݵҪһңСǿ˵ڸоҶ˵ƺܲ򵥣ʲЩӵеġ
Ϊʲô˵飬ǷѣǶе۹𣿡ҶߵЩ
ʱҪǻǰҶһҹȥȴ룬һӶ
ⲢͻȻ򣬲ҪܼˣΪԼǮҪӦõĵطܼҵȿţӦ˵Ҫ
֪ʮʱҶѾ֪ԼԺݺݵİһμңܽԼмҲܹ⡭


264 ŭ1
ʮ񰡣⻹ģЩֵļʮһ£ҪٵǮҪٵʣƾҶһܼȥȼõĻǿܻ
ΪҶ˾ԼǮӦðĵط
ţǶУЩͬһ۹ģȻŵ۹ݡ
ǾУǵһһҵģʮͭңһǷѣҶ˵仰˵һҲͬʱ˵ЩСǵˡ
Сһͷʹˣ˵Ⱥ˿ԽǷѣӦ÷ǽȥҪǽȥ֮󣬾ͲٳͻԼܴĸܳܲ
٣ʲôϵ˵ʲôȺС٣ǲƣƽʱǾͿٲ˳ˣھ͸˵ˡ
٣ʲôʸ˵ΪԼųСӾͿԽ޴ң˵һְйأǲˡ
ߣǲǲȥȻ˵㣬˵㣡СٵȻͷȻܺ˵š
˵㣬ҪβУ֮ǰ˿Щʳб˽ҵ飬Ҳ£ҿôסм˵
仰˶ȻףΪʲô֮ǰЩ֮˻ٷŭԭΪپȻ飬˵Ϊʲôôϡ϶ΪԵʡ
ֵʳ̰ۣ֪жôĿɶҲ֪Ϊ˿Щʳ˶ٵ϶еģ
ӦҶ仰֮󣬾ͺֱӵضǸ˵
ȻҶҪ˵仰û뵽Ҷ˻ôɴֱӵ˵˵ĸеһĳ졣
ôˣǲһȺ˾ˣα˷ǵʳȻܺᣬ˿Լд˿Ŷöġ
ڳˣСһˣҪȥһ٣˾ӣͲӦôϣ
ʱ˶һһҪǱǽǺֲܿģ٣ҲܲҺܲң
ȥˣҸ𣡣Ҷ˵Ȼֻģȴ˵ϣ仰ͺһȱڣôҽǿŭ
ΧС٣սȭͷһǰƽ
ҪʲôҸ㣬ҽǡСٿкǺ£Ȼ滹ҪţΪʱĽԾ
ֻǣʱ򣬾ǻʵۣҲһᱻ˵ķŭû
ɷģ
򣬺ݺݵĴ򣡣

һʼڶСȭߵģСһ˶μˣ͵͵һţһȭġ



СٵĲҽԽԽСֱ֮ȫʧȻûֹͣǼȭߵġ
ЩԶ֪Լʵʲô˵ǰǺСĴڣ޷ֵס˵ŭ𣬿ȴ֪˵ŭĽ˵ŭû
ǸͳƺûУҶʱСǵ棬ǱߵһҲ⡣
ӣ˵ҪǵĻһġüеΪѡ
ʲôģǽȥǵĶ̼ǵľãʲôҶе㲻ףôõ飬ôҪܾ
ȻʱҶ˲ûпǵԼǴһȺ񣬱˺µľȺ᲻Ը뿪
ôȻҪֻҪǲ뿪ȵȣո˵ʲôͻȻһ⣬ǾҶ˵Ҫ
Ҫ֪֮ҪЩ֮⣬ΪЩûǮֻܱȼã˵ȺǮǾȫͬĸǻӭ
ֻǣĻܽοͣ
ĺˣǻ뿪סõ꣬ҰӪһ㣡Ҷ˵ôһҰӪʵһζ
ǲǣҲǸߣȷǮ𣿡ǻɣʵеš
ȻУҪǣǻɵĻǿԸߣҶ˵ʱСֱٻߣ͸ŷˡ
ãã㣡ǿԽȥֻҪĵ£Ƿʲô͵͸ǵģʿǷҶڲͬףҲûǮҶһУӹɵġ
ŶллˣҲǰЩѵĿˣҶ˵ͷò˵
ӣǸûˡʱһҲʱ򣬷ŭȺƺһ㺦¡
ڳ嶯󣬲ŻŻῪʼ£
嶯ħ仰ԺչһЩڵ飡


265 ŭ2
û˾ˣҶ˺ƽ˵ǽǣ£ȥҳˣǴǵƷҪ򣡡
Ҷ˵ƽһЩƽ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱҶ˺Ǿ仰һСС⣡
ӣҪʲôˣʲôƷ֮һδʵһ·ܻԾȺ֮е
еģҶ˵
еģ˶һ£ظ˵
ţûеģҶ˵ͷ룬СǾǰеĶ⣬ҲҪһ
ӣ˼ǣǰе˶йеƷ𣿡֮ٴȷϵ
ԣʲô𣿡Ҷ˿Ŵңʵ
⣬𣿡ҾõȻ⣬еĶҪʲôأУǮ
ͨ˵Զ벻һ˿СǵƷ˵ͺ췽ҹ̷һǲܵ飡
ȻԣǼǮ⣬ǿҶ˵һѽңȻ˵Ҫ֮ǰǼιģСܶ࣬εЧ˿֮ǰСӵġ
һ£֮ǰΣһЩǿһЩǸȻЩƽĳǿܶ࣬ЩƽһӶûмôĽҡ
ӡ
ʱ򣬼˶Կ϶Ҷ˾ԲһͨĹ幫ӣһΣСһ˸ԼոûеҶˣҲţǸСǰˡ
Ǹֻڣûиȥ׷˵ǰ֮еĹӣа취¡
ֻǶһ⣬ΪʲôһӣһȺһ𣬲ûκεӣǸС㣬ӦòӣҲӦһС㣬ֻ˵
ǶŽҹȥЩ̻˵ǵжҶҪˣĽҵãҶ˵ʱͻȻ֣ԭԼýˣЩ˳
˵ҪһҼҵȥչóԼŶ
УʲôҪģһҲֱùҶ󲹳һ䡣
֮󣬳һС⣬˶ˣ
СƬ֮󣬱ú䶯ˣǷĸо˶֪·
֪Ҷ˶ŽеĶ֮󣬲ûжΧĻ֡
ǳʲôĿģһСǷˣҶڵĳſɽ˺
ʱ֮ǰʿԱϵһѽΧס˶ߡ
˾е֣˫ĳԱôһ
ʱ˿̣Ϊ¼ĺŪⳡ粨ҶˣȴеĸԼ·þԼϵĻҳȥҲ¶ԭӣһҪȳҪ߹ĹӸ硣
˵֮ǰǸСٿҶӣͿܲҲҶǰʲô

УСǵĳͷʹţô飬һʱѾ֪жٵ񾭹Ȼһֱ֮⣬ҲСֿ
ȻЩ⣬ڣܻиģ
СǳˣǸ÷ǰѵһĺ֣ҲӦøЩطҲһ֣ȴһҲûУԼڲҲˡ
ⳡѣ׼ȷӦ˵֣ΪĻˣ
ôôôܿ죬Сǳе֣㺰˳ȥʱܹͨˡ
ˣЩЩ񡭡˺̫ܵûд
˵ɣʲô飿ѵˣСǳüĻЩӦñְ졣
ǣǽˣ֮ͨؿڣ˵
ʲôǸʲôģôЩǷǣǹȥ𣿡Сǳ֮ǰŽǣֻ˵˵ѡ
ǷˣЩһǣչģʲôǶҪ֮ͨ˵һ졣
ҪչʲôǶҪ
Сǳǰˣ¶ɻ֮⣬ڻɡ
˵ˣҵĶˣ
ûȫû˵һǮĹүѾڳŴһѵĽңҪǳеĶ֮ͨ˵
ˣҪȥŻүʲôˣȻʱеĶСǳ֪ʱԼǺģҪǰţҪҶ˶Ի
˵ҪҶҲΪҶ˵ЩСǵĳСѡ
ңǴҶҲһҪһ¡


266 ŭ3
ڳеһطСʿŵųѲߣÿճ˵ϷҸŮ˵һ±ѣٱ˵Ը͡
ϴ󣬲ˡ
ʲô£ûںλŮƽ𣿡
ǸʱųһٸٸڿĶУΪҪʧȥʱ龹ȻͻȻı仯
һʿųԱܹСеģųǲˬ
ϴҲԣСӱ˴ˣǳԱ˵
ʲô˭ɵģ⻹𣿡ųŭȻ·
ǳԱԥһ£Ȼ˵ϴβһҪ׼һ£СӵһȺ񡣡
ʲô񣿾ƾҲңųһ㶣ƺе㲻š
Ȼң֮Уһݲͬ꣬ڸЩǳԱ˵
֮лʲôƨݲͬҵţһҪСӸɱˣųŵغȻһȥ
ϴ󡭡ʱǳԱֻƴ׷ҪųⲢô򵥵顣
ųС֮УǳưϰˣŰģҲҲԽԽĿˡ
ΪСĴ̫ˣҲˣԼֻǾ֮ܣкܶǲġ
ųҲһ֣Ȼôܻ쵽λã
СǳʿųСǵ̼֣ЩƽգܵţҪһƼʻᡣ
Ҷۣڻڶڷֹţո汿ӦýһֻʲôҺö
ȴԭӲǺܱҶ˸е˼Уɴ˿ɼոպȥǶô
磬⸽ûгԶĵطҶʸǼسʿ
һţ治ЩЩƽԵġسǵʿ˵뵽Ҷ˵ݲͬеԥ֮Ҷ඼ȣһ޵ˡ
ǰ治Զиƾǣ
ȥ棡Щˣжپն٣Ǯ㻨ҶȻСˣһߵ˶ʱ
ιιүôİôǮЩ˾ͲģǮ𣿾òߣҲ͵һߡ
Ҷ˻ں𣿵ȻںˣʱҲȷûֻԼĶ
ҺãʱЩ˶ԾΪҲǱȽ϶࣬Իල
ʱǸںݵģ۾峺ˣҲ˽ǮڵĵطҪҶˣҪҶʱæһʣҶ˸˵ԺԸǱҪġ
ֻû뵽ҶھȻܣ֮ΪչˣҶ˵ķԸжٶչ٣ȻҲæ޳һȫĶ
˵ˣеرͬ춼ͷȻͷ¶һֱ档
û˻ע⵽ر磬ÿ˶ģ·ҲõģҪ˵ֵĻҶ֡
ܿ죬һֵ̼ˣеƷˣڿϵĽ֮ǷˣƴܹҪԼĶȥ
ΪˣҪһʲôǾǰԼĶȥ̵ʱȥ
׬ô죿裡
ֻҪ̵ʱȥ׬ôԼȥŪһ׬þֻ಻١
ƷԼʼջһķգԽָõģҪڻģĶͨĻɫȫ½УҪ
ӣҳƺΪӰɣչʱܾгһļ۸֪Щһ֣ٵһ㶼ν
ӦҶȥˣȻĻǮֻ಻٣ʱ򵽵Ķһһ㡣
ȻΪģΪǮһ㶫ͻһ㣬ʵҶǻǮһ㣬ǲٵģЩܰļҵװܹ⣡
˵ҪҶĻһ˵ΪʲôҪʡǮҪǮѵĻĻ
չ֮󣬾ǰѶշѷڲͬһ㣡
ƺڵЧҪҶ˵ЧҪһ㣬ҲΪҶ֮飬Ҳʣİš
ƷƷֺԽԽ࣬ڵʳҩƷƷȵȣЩǽϣӸܾˣΪЩûá
ֻǣ֮ǰҶ˵ȫҪЩûȥڿΪʲôҪԼġ
󣬺˵Щǵһ˵ҪЩõģõʣĵչЩٿ


267 1
ȫչĻݱĽеʱСǳˣ֮˺ܾãЩȫչǮԼĻҪࡣ
СǳмĺӣΪӾҶˣеɻˣúȻŲһʣǹ壬ĹɣȻôһ
СǳҪǰȥҪкҪľҪӵȺֿʱ򣬸еĵطǼˣֵΪ࣡
ǣСǳҪԼݣһ·ҪʱѾһˣΪСǳ
ÿñųȥ
ʱԭֵĳðˣмҲ¶һ·һһ˶һһƺеη塣
СǣԳƱųֻһˣǾʿŵųҲǴҺˣֳһη壬оĵıӡ
ô˵Ⱥڵһʱ͸ųóһ·ų˳ͨ裡
ߣųһ£һţǰǰʮ㣬һߵСǳҲеʼɣԼҲûôɡ
ʿŵųҪȳˣ
ǸָʾһȺСӵ𣿡ųָź˵˸оһ£ֻҪ˵ǵĻһᵱɱ˺ӡ
ȻƺûпǣΪҾų˵¸ˣųСӱˣ
ı
̫ˣ첻ô˵Ҫȥףһ£ǸƨͿ˳ˣԼǶԵСӣթˣаԵ
һЩ̼Ѿã˵׻ҪĻǻͼǮΪ˱Щƾ١
ҪǰųҲɱˣǲҪǮǶԣ
Щ׬ĻûиЩȡĶ࣬Щ˵ļһźܶĲƲʱһ˷ˡ
˵ֵǮ˵ԺٵķãҲֵã
Ҫ˵ȻųôΪʲôСǳһֱʵҲ˵ĴΪСǳһ㶼ҿྭӪСǣûʱȥģųһֱСǳǰúܺãҲ֪
Ҫ߳ҪͨųҪƹȥĻǾֻ·һ
ʿСıأҪɵǵųǲܵ飬ȥ⡣
ԣ챻СǳųĿڶʱ֮ڣҲ޷䳷Ҫӳ飡
Щʳ˽̣֪ж˱蹫ӣǴ˻ãҪҲȥţʬ˿ˮ˺ܶ࣡Ӷųʾػص
ʲôپȻô˻ãʬҪȥ¿ˮ
ڳˣ뷨Ҫѧһ˴ˣǾ¿ˮóʬ᲻̫ˣ¿ˮˣ
ڻ밵ˬ֮ҲעŻǰ棬ôųԿһᱻųɱ
Ҫ𣿡ųȥҪקסӣȻٺݺݵؽѵӣֻǣʱͻȻͣ˫۶ŵȻڵ׳۳桪
ɶѣ
ƺ֮ǰʱųֻʦûע⵽棬ոǰʱ򣬽Ĺâһסע
Ȼ˵ĲƲҲ٣ĽȻźܴջҪЩռΪУ
㲻ҪҪЩЩǹӵģӵ˻ŽңǶܴų֮п̰ڳ˶ֻ̰ܿҪܿ˫ۡ
ʱ򣬲Ǻӵˣһŵسʿ£һ£ҲҪЩҡ
ɱСӣЩ͵⳥СӵģСӿмҵˣˣҪǮģųܿҵһɣҪռЩǮɡ
ųĻ˵ǰҲûٸЩ飡
ʱǸСҪǻΪܻСһΣΪǮ̫ˣ
ҪļҪ˵ųǲмֽ˭ܿ㻹ֱ˵ҪٻһЩ
Ҿļˣų˿ӣȻ˵ôţ㲻طǾ˵㡣
˵ǲģǲҪɱǣؿųƺúƽΪⳡѣѾе㲻ˡ
ΪͲẦ£


268 2
Щ񱾾͸ҪҵСᣡų˵ûŹЩ񣬾ǮҲҪɱЩҶˣΪԼСӱ
Ӧ˵ⲢǱ𣬶Ϊ֤Լϣ֤ǲģ
˵һųСӱȴû׷ĻͻãܿЩ˾ͻȥɱԼ˭˭ֵԼ
ˣһҪɱ￴
ԭֻһڶѣֻҪǵǮλЩǮǹӸǴҵģǻԸһǵǮ𣿡ӹĶ⻰ƺǹĶǣСǵİգҪ˶ͬ顣
ֻǣǹһ£Ǿ˶ѹˣǲΪ仰͹ȥ
ᣡȻСȴֻЩ񣬻мѪСڡ
ҪǷңǻûӣųЦ˵Ӧ⡣
ûǣҲһƴף侲˵һҲûо⣬ƺûзԼǷ˼⣬ų쭣һɱ˾

ųͻȻ쳤ЦƺһЦЦһ
ڹһ֮ųͷźӣ΢΢˵ƾЩ񣬾һˣҲԽȫɱ⣡ûпչǣǵǸӽг
Ȼ֮ǰųǻɺҶˣ˵Щ֮ѾףǰӲǸʲôӣҪˣҲҪҶʡ
ѾˣҪɱɱңû˵ҶҪԼȥеΣֻųҶ˲
֪Ҷ˵ʵҶ˵һͨĹ幫ӣһеԺĹӣһҪеԺĹӱȥ˺ȥҲһ
ڳȻȫ뷨ǻǻϧԼǣм䣬Ҳвͬ뷨ҪԼȥҶ˵ȫ
ǵУҶǵľˣûҶ˾Ͳڵǣ˵ˮ֮صӿȪ౨
Ϊںӵߣųǰ棬;ۼЩˣ޾Ŀų֮ţ
˾˵Īĸдû뵽һȺȻڣΪһ˿Բ
ʱ򣬼ûмҶ˵ˣҪһҶˣʲôЩ
ֻǿҶ˵ʱҶ˵Ȼǡ
ԽԽ棬ԽԽҪǵǸӣȻЩ̵ôĹųм֮дһ棬ʱûж֡
ô˵ǰ仹ȫǰյǰԼڱϴûʱ򣬾ͺһȺСĶ֣ǲԼݡ
ʲô֣ųʵ
֪
Ĭһᣬӻش˺ܳõ֣ⲢԸش𣬲߶ԷĲ֪
˶ûʹҶ˵ֻ֣ǳƺΪӣǾûҪҲΪԼҶ˵ž룬Ҷû˵Ҳȥʡ
ųȻΪˣԼ
ˣ𣿣㣬ΪӲɱ㣬ëˣ˭һųŭȵǿҵƣ𸽽ɳʯҲÿˣƿһС
üǿ϶һ£ӦҶ˳֣ȻһأųȻôǿʵ
С֮УʵȷǿԳưԣ޼ɣ
ֻǣһĸֶ᲻һСطΪųѹ̫ĻңڣȴԵһеĵʧֻԼ֪
ɱҰɱңҲһ֪Ӳʾػص
ҡųһ쭣ʼ˳Ƕᣬȭͷһǰ
ӱ˫峺۾׼һȭĻҶ˿ߣҪ
Ȼ˵˵ҪųˣҲǰֻҶ˸Ầųڻֵ˾ģ
ڴʱҲȾˣϣҶ˱֣ˣȻҶˣĲ֪Ǻá
ԸΥҶȴʱ̳ˡ
ιιǸͷҪöõǷɳһô棡Ҷ˵ڳԭȺһɻ󣬶Դ
عͷҿһһŮվںĴϣлһ룬ʢڵţ档


269 棨1
϶ţ棬Ϊھͼͣڳ棡
ʲôڳ棿
˶ؿҶˣûһ棬š
Ϊһ޷Ҷһүϵһֻһڼ꣬ҲһЩиУ˸׽
öһҪ棡Ҷ˳һ棬һ´ңȻתţ棬߻ȥǸţ̯
ϰ壬һţ棡

ʶҶ˵ˣеһʶҶ˵ˣеĪ֪ʲôģߵǸŮ
һ㣬ųע⵽ˣСҪ⣬ͬʱҲԼʲô취ԸҶˡ
ڴʱ˿̣ҪŪҶݵˣռ˾󲿷֣ǷӦ֮󣬾ҪҶ˭
ȻʱѾ𰸣һеĴ𰸣
ϴǸĹӣҶ˵ʿųԱ
ʲô
ȫǾƺû뵽Ҷ˻ķʽǵ뷨ҶӦһݣҲǺܸ߹Ĺӣôһڽϵأһڳ棬һûС
Ҷ֪Щ˵뷨һ˵
ʲô󣿣Ҿû˵ˣˣһҪʲô󣡣
ǳСӣվסų˰֮󣬱̺ͬʱҶųֱ֮߷ΧЩȺѾ˿ˡ
ǿɲ뱻꼰㣡
Ҷҧ濴Ǹų֮͸¶ţڽ𣿡ʡ
Ȼڽ㣡ųûзڵҶԼԸҪԼǰ˵ҲñӦҪǰ
ꡭ
Ҷ˽˽ȥҧ˼ڣȥȻԣתͷ̯ȥ
Ӧòڽңǽңô˵أҶ˵뷨
վס˵أų˰죬һоԼ޹⣬ȻԼΣǳӡ
ڽ𣿡Ҷ˳е棬һ䣬Ȼԣ˸о˵仰ǰæ֮гյģųøûˡ
Ȼǽ㣡ǲָʹЩҵСӣųʵ
ûаûָʹָʹһȺƽԣϴˡҶ˴ػص档
װͿ𣿡ų
Ϳҽ㶼СͿҶ˴ػصȻͶ溰ϰ壬ˣһ룬Ӹ

ǲҪԼӽȥһСͿ
Ҳ̫ܳˣѾǵˣ̯ϰתóһõ棬Ȼ˵

ˣ
ƽʱҶ˳Զûô࣬ɲС̣ɼѾˣҪǱС̿Ҷ֪жʹ
˵̯ϰҲأ⸽ô֣Ҳȥֻ֣ԼԼ档
ó԰ȷûóԣӦñȲҶ˵Ȼ档
νררˣ棬ܲЩؼʦ
ϲԾͶһ㣬⻹к̯ܶ࣡ϰ˵Ҷ˺Ǿ仰ͬʱҲûΪܵƮƮˡ
Բˣ룡һ㣬Ƕһ룬һҪ߼롭ꡭҶֿʼˡ
û꣡ˣų¶ҶŭɶѾеԼѾ׵ıˡ
û갡ҾͲˡҶڳĵлص

ڣСǵ˶Ҷ棬ԵζģҲоеˣǶ룬½֮һ棡
Ҷڲ֮䣬˴޾̯֮һֱܻ𱬣ϰ׬ġ
֮ٳԸųߵѾ˱ıԵˡ
ǰ׳գҶˣôԣҶȻڳ棬ָųﲡ
㻹ָ˵ﲡ⻰˼Ҫɱˣ㾹Ȼڴ̼
Ҫɱ㣡ųˣҲ˲ñģǿҵĶҶ˼ȥ֮ǿҵмĵ·øˡ
ͬʱҲųÿһڽһĽӡ
ƣ⶷ĳ棬⡭
һк˵ӦǵؼߣǺټĸ֣ҲܷһӣСȻǿԺаԵ
Ȼǵؼ֮ͲεģƺǸոս˵߸ĻӦҲȡʤȻ߸绹ڵؼֵſǻ߸ȡʤ


270 棨2
һǷսʤ֣ҪʵҪǻۣս־
ǻ۲˵ˣս־棬ֻưԵųѾһ
ֻʱҶû߸磬ҲûҶ꣬ʲô˶ûУеһȺûֵôӦأ
ҶûжӦ˵ûƶ壬طڶģ˵֣͡
ڳ棡
ųôǿҵĶʱȻڳ棬ⲻΪһ亹кšˡ
ӡǵĵĴ󺰣ȫ޷ųĶ˶ƿˡ
һ̣ЩƺĿҶ˱Ƭͷת˹ȥǸɴ۾
ꡭҶ˳ڽС
ȡ
ųһ˱Χͺһ򣬺ûһȭߵҶˡ
ꡭ
飡һƵײ
һҽ
һ̣۾ģתͷģΪҶ˱ˣже㲻̣ϧˣ꿴ܲȥˣʵǿϧˣ
ֻǣܿ죬еĲ̾ͱɻ󣬻Ϊոֳֹ
ꡭ
⣬ⲻôڼѵǸڳԣ񲻿ܰɡ
ǺЩ˾תͷۣҶ֮ǰڵλãһ̣ǶסˣЩһֱڿŵһĿɿڴˣ
⵽ô£ųأ
ЩˣȥЩ龭ˣЩˣ˵һκ˶ŵʵ
ųˣʱǸƯò񻰵ŮӣͻȻһȭųֱӻˣ
Ǵ󲿷˵Ĵ𰸣ȻĻе㲻ͬ˼һģվҶǰСһȭųˡ
ԭôֲùӸһߣЩھˡ
һΣǸųҲǵùȻҶߵСͬʱҲ˺ܶ󣬻ΪһֱԴϰˣȫ˶֡
ʵһΣûСҶһǹͿԽųˣֻڳ棬ûڳǹСﶼһģСﻹҪܶࡣ
ҶһοԸȷųʵŵؼֵʵȴһ߼߶ܴ򲻹ٳ
¸Ҷˣһûĸ֣ͲǸ֣
ӦŸߴߣҪֱǿŵʹЩԼ˶ԱȣֻʵˣΪһ
ҪǣҪԽԼϵĳԽ
Լ
ųڱС֮صˤڵϣۣ˺üѪڵλãþںӵǰ档
ʱ򣬺Ӻܰջᣬһʯͷ˹ȥȻֻõöһȭͷʯͷˣȻܻҲ
飡ʯͷųǰȻ˵ϣ⣬ųƼһ㣬Ǻܶ࣬ȴۡ
ųҽһһʱ֮ûа취վ
˵һǿߣ˱ҪصˣҲһվôٻȴԼѾҪˣѾˡ
ʣ뾫񶼱ʴˣ

ȻӵʯͷСȴһ£ԼǸСһһȭӦҪ
ЩոӼţҪҶ˵ǣж֤ԼҪӣЩԹӲأϵʯͷиҹȥոչĶҹȥ
žžһɡ

ųҪֵʱ˿ѾûˣΪ̫ˣ˴ʹ޷
ң
˭ôݣ鶼ӣ
ۣ˵
ʱ⸽ʲô˶УӦоУȫкųϣʱ˿̣ѾңСǵҲμˣ׳ۣ
ιιҲҪһ£Ⱥ֮еСǳҲҳһ
ộ˼ҶˣôҪҶʱ˵ΪųֻǣʱųѾҵѪģ̱ˡ
ҪҶ˵Ļһмһ£ͬʱҪһҶˣΪʲô㲻˵
һڳ棬ûʱ䰡
ӣǻˣǸٵĽ
ΪҶ˽͵ǶԼԺĹеͷʹǸҪɱġ
ҺãһҲûУҺã߻һôǿıС㣡
ֻСô£ƽʱʲô似ΪһС㣬û뵽һȭһָɣ
ز©


271 棨3
ϴЩ˾Ȼɱϴ󡭡һ֪ôʿųԱܿͱȺݺݵһ١
ʱ򣬴һʿųԱѾˣΪʱ򣬷ŭȺڽ£һŻ𣬿һʿųԱʹһԹ
ȺڵȻǺǿģʱͰаԵıŶӸ߽ˣ
СǶףŵƽʺü죬·˶е㲻ףʲôӡ
С֮󣬶Ҳˣǻӭǣúõİǣһ֮ѵ˵еܳ
ҶˣҲССʷ
ֻΪ˵Ҷˣȴ֪Լ˺£Ժģǳ˼ѡ
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ܿģ鿪ʼƽˣȺ鼤ƽģǱˣȺ֮У˳ֲμӴ˵Сǳ
λסְɣѾˣСǳһ£Ȼ󺰵
סָƨһûˬˡոտʼʱû˹˷ǳˣͣˣͣΪܿӿġ
ܿģСǳˣɢ˿
죬СǣһʵҵĴҾȻ֪ųһˣͬʱҪлλӡʣôƺСǳƽ֮󣬱˵
Щ׼£ȹʿų飬õ˳Ŀ϶׷˵һ¡
ͬʱСǳҲΪԼĴǸСǵ֪ԼĳǺģһֵԼġ
󣬾Ҷˣص֮еĹӣӦܵҵĸм
ҽҶˣҶ˱Լ֣ڳģЩ֪֡
ԭҶӣлˣ֪ûʱ䵽һ£Ҿһµ֮꣡Сǳ
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ֻǣĻֱ̫ˣСǳеΡ
ˣ˼ǹӾԺģ֣У˵Ҳʵ飬ǻҪȥȸĺһֵܿܽáɳƵΪҶ˽͵ͬʱҲСǳһ̨ȥ
ŶǾҿˣСǳ˵ͬʱоеֵֹġ
ЩԼҲȥȼЩκ˶оܹ֣
ˣǶĶùԼǮȥһеĶҪҶ˶˵
ǮˣЩ͸ˣǻұ˸ʣ˵
ôܲǮǸöپö٣Զһ㣬ûϵүһܼӣʡǮҶ˵ڱ˲ҪǮΪǱʾĿ顣

ʲô˴˴ϸҶ⻰˼һˡ
ܿ죬Ҿһ£λصҶ˹ӣһԵİܼӣ෴ٻһǮٻһǮ᲻⡣
ǣҶԾķ»ǮȻԳɱǮһ㲻ᱻ˱ӣԼԼ
һεĽ˶ǺԾҲҲʱö˺ܶࡣ
ǸǵĻȥǮ
һЩܾһЩԼĻûаˣԾ뿪ʱȴҶ˸
ҶӣҵĻòš˲˼˵
˭˵òţ˵õţѶǣҶ˵
ҵǽϡ
£ö˵
ҵǡ
££Ҳظˣ

ҶеƷõòţչһɶ
СǵſѾ˵СǣһеĶҲǷǳ׳۵ġ
ҶӣǲҪһЩ䣿Щ˺ʵ
ҪпռָأҶ˽ȫװĿռָ
ôˣװôණҶ˹ӣףΪʲôҶ˹ӾӦúţأ
ռƷȻ﷽㣬ҲһľԣǾǴĿռ䲻̫󣬳ֺܼƷġ
ȻˣֻԶԵģ
ߣǰʥǣ
ƺƵǧ˳ˡ

ӣôʲôҪܶ඼ûеġº̲סʵ
ûãʱͻõġҶػص
ʲôʱ򣿡
ʱ¡Ҷڶ䣬˻֡
ӳĬ
ԣҶνĵʱԼҲ֪ǰʱõܻʹõļֵ



272 ģ1
֮Ҷ˲Сˣÿһ򶼻չЩ񲻺õĳУչеĶǵ
õĽңЩ̰֮ϹԼĴûֻǰ棬Ӷʧȥ˴ȱʣҲһֵζͬʱ۱ǣǮʧȥԭļֵ
Ҷ˵Ǯˣռָװ˼еĶ㹻һǧġ
ȻЩҪЩ񡭡
ʱҶڿԼƲˣܼҳɹˣ
ԭЧİܼңȥ£԰ô˵ˡ
紵ǣȥ˰ְҶڻһҵʱﲻ֪жôĳ졣
ȻΪȴø˸еգͬʱҲ޷⡣
ӣΪʲôǮ˻ô뷨֣
òãҴС󵽵ǰܼңҾΪ˰ܼҶģİܼӣҶ˺ǹ٣ͬҲԺ˵
ʲôֵôԺٵģȻ԰ܼΪ٣ǷˣҲ֪ôôܼҵġ
Ҷ˵ȥɣǼһǿܵģֻҪϲֻҪ¾С
Ҷ˵һֵ֧ܵܣܼҾͰܼңûʲôˡ
߹ܹҲû£һչ
椣үİãÿ˶аá
ܼңԽԽãҾͿнС쵰ˡ
߸ˣܼңСܼܲܰҵһ⣡ʱֶˡ
С̣

һ·ҶһȺˣȫһ𣬶ÿ춼ɢķΧҪ˾ˣһ·һֱŵ顣
ΪһӣҪѧԾȣǵȱ˸ԼҶ˸ϵһÿΡ
ôѵͿʲôžԮ𣿵ȻˣҪԼŽսսʤһеѣ
ΪҶȺ˵ԾΪʹǵĶԽԽڵʥǱԵʱȺѾһﵽǧˡ
ǧˣƺѾҪٽܱ˵ľȼˣҪֻһĵط
ȻˣΪ˰ǻҪǰʥǣԼʲôط԰æģԼ԰ˡ
ǾʥɽǺܿ͵ˣָǰƽԭ֮еɽ˵صɽʥɽ
ɽأҪ˵صĵطʵɽĸɽ˵ע⣬ֻǣɽƽԭ
һ޼ʵƽԭϣһɽ壬صڣ
Ҫ˵ɽֻһߵĻǵҲʲôƫƫƣͺӦôڵĶΪҲ֮Ϊ漣֮ġ
ʥɽȻ˼ģɽڲԶɲԶҶ˿ɽҲһоܽǴκ˶Ҳ׵Ĵ
ģǺӣ˵ͷ˵ǰҪԶٿԿʥɽˣ
⵹Ҳǣ˵ģȷҪҰæĶָҶ˿Űʵ
ӣҺ˵ܶˣҶģе˵еҶ˿ԼĶ䡣
ǸʱҶ뿪С֮ϵʱһӣںӱ¶Ӫ˳ôϴ軻·
ʱСչƷ֮УŲٵĳ£ҿҺʵĴе࣬·ȫУҶеǲƥԾһЩ·Լ
ʲôûߣ˵ʲôүǣ˼Сǵ̼ȻҲߣһչһɶˡ
ǵʱˣ˰ɣ
ص⣬ǸʱҲȥϴˣҲ·Ȼ֪ʲôʱϴĻġ
ֻǰǸʱȴȻǸñӣһ㣬һЩҲú֣ǲҪֻǸ˰ãû˹ܡ
Ҷ˾ñӺѿǾóһñӸĻڰĲʱ˵ñӣʵͷĲϡ
ĵͷƯɫģ˿һ˳۾һԣҶȴûʲôû⣬ǸʱҶֻע⵽ĵĶ䣬ȻǼġ
⣬ԣǾĶ䣡
Ǿ飿ѹ۾ô峺ƤҲôϸۣ˵㡣ʱҶˣֱӾ˵Щ
Ҷ˻˵ģƤΪźڣΪͺڣȻϴɾ֮Ҳ΢һ㣬ͨǺˣãְ»ڣֻ˵ڵĺܽ


273 ģ2
ĵƤֺϸ壬ԺȻڣܺгУ
˻˵Ůˣ֮УôŮˣ˵ǾĻȫˡ
ǣҲǾ飬ǰ뾫飡ҡҡͷ˵
ھ㲻˵Ҳ֪ǰ뾫飬Ķô֡Ҷڰҡͷʱ򣬷ְĶһ
ҲҶ˵Ҫָԭ˵ǾǼĶ䣬Ҷкαعأȫġ
ǡ
صڣҶڰ˵ԼĶʱ򣬾˵һ䣺ҲһֻģһֻǼľģôǲģ
ĳĬ
ǰ뾫飬ҲǼ̳һкͣôֻ䶼һģһֻһģҿӦڱֵİ뾫飡Ҷ˼˵
ļֳĬ
ҾãǰĶŪһģúܶ࣡Ҷٴ顣
Уٴξܾҡͷ
ˣ㣬ҲҲһҶ˵Ȼ㲻ᰢġ
ġ

ʵڰ֣ƺҲһ飬˵Լֵʱƺ˵£Ҷû⡣
Ҳûзʹְɡ

Ҷһǽӽһֱŵʥɽ֪ٸӣЩʥɽԶˡ
ʱ򣬻е˾ãʥɽӦҪܵû뵽ʥɽ֮£
ܿ죬Ҷǧ˾ɹʦˣǺ׾ͷڵĵطΪ̫ˡ
ʮܲ
ҶʱⳡסˣѹѹڵأеԼúСӦ˵еȺ֮Уʵ̫Сˡ
֮ǰܻܶ࣬û뵽ô࣡Ҷʱ﷢һп
ԭΪƾһǧˣͿʮ˵ĳֳʮ˻ԼǰǸоͱúȫһˡ
ǰӣǸô죿ô񣬰ĵ˶еˣѾԼ֮ǰЩ뷨ЩҪˣҪԼΪӢ۵뷨
ֻΪĳ棬ǸоԼһˡ
ôô죡˲ڶ٣ҲҪ¶࣬ԼģһоûˣҶƽ˵
仰˵Ǻܵ飬Լ飬ͬʱҲǺܾģڵõİ취
仰Ҷ˴ǧ˾ȶǶʼԼӦȥЩʲôȥô˵ĸô졣
ҿʼж˭ҪԼİ
Ҷ˵ǧ˵ĵҲ˵ע⣬ʮ񣬻ԭʥɽͽʥɽ֮ϵְԱ
Ƕǧ˵ĳ֣񲢲񣬺ģ˭ܼǧæģ
Ҫ£˭ʥɽҪ˰æģʥɽи㲻ĵط
ܿ죬ҵʱһʴˣΪҶһ飬СѽָĶ÷ųİںá
Ǻǿյ֮ϣͳһǳӴ¶ʾۼأĶӦоУ
ռĿֲ޷ȥš
ʱûȥСôôٶȣڶʱͰôĶóֻһ¡
ҿǲǰж
ѵҪｨһȫµĳУ
ҪôĶҪٵʽ𡭡

ҶһҪΪȸʵһǮԲǸʱҪǮģħǱǮ֪ô£ˣǮ
ΪǮƣҲֻҶ˲
ȸʵȻԭ۲Ҷˣ˶һ㣬ҲͶһ㣬û˫
ʱҶûйܣֻҪҶѣ˵һһ㣬˺ио
û뵽һΪ£Ҷ˲ЩǮˣԼǮҲһͬˣ㵽֪׸ԼǮ
Դˣ桭
֣ΪʲôҾǺǱҶͻȻ֣ʮ֮Уһܴ磬ˡ
Թһ£м֮࣡
ϸһĻͻ֣֮ᷢŸȺʮʥ֮ҲһŸ롣
ʮǱ֮⣬ûУ


274 ģ3
ӣе֣ʥǺûǽȥǰһǰʥǶ룬㼸ʮ˵ģҲڳסŵġ˵
˵飬Ǵ˵һʵʥǵȷٴٶҲһᱻ룬Ψһȴһ
ˣмضԭ
м˵ʥǣʵļСǣҶǹʥǣʥǵΧʥǵм䣬ǽͽҲܽȥοƽ
ˣм仹һЩʥǵˣһۼ˷֣֮УʥһĽͽһЩְԱһ
ûв´ĻһߡҶü˵
ߣ˾һµĴ˶ҪĴ
û֮У˴һֲ֪ĴȾֲʥ̵ʥҲûãǵҽʦڻû취ʱһҶ˵˵ǰǴŰɫķſ֡
½ϵʿ֪ʶǺǿģ֪ҪôȥǵķҪӵĺãЩͿֶо
ûвȥҶüôܲܡ
ȥ㻹ǲҪȥˣûиȾ뿪Ȼʱ򱻴ȾǾ鷳ˡȺԱһ£Ȼ˵
ǿҶ˵ӣͺһӣĹһǾߺ棬֪ߵĿ£ȥǿ϶ᱻȾ
֪ص竹ӣҲӦһ½ѵѵ̫ˣǾͳѡ
ǲ֪Ҷ˿Ϲ£߾кܴļʱЩܸȾĲ˾ͻоˡ
ǰӣ߲ǿЦģ㻹ǲҪˣʥȫ½õҽʦûа취ǱҲа취еŵ˵
簢˵ģ˵½ϵĲʥǶûа취Ҳһûа취ʥ֮вۼõҽʦл˵Ĺϵħʦ
ϵԵˣڱ֮󣬾̻ᱻ͵ʥǣ츳ҲǺٺٵģһԵˣΪְԱ
½ܳΪʥְԱĶһֹ٣ǹҲԼŮȥְԱ
ʵϣǻҲῼǣǻùȥΪǷܶ࣬ʥһκιҵϵ
ȲЩϵһֱǿŹϵԵˣȻҲͳΪǿϵħʦʥҲͳΪ½ǿҽƻ
ҲΪ֢ˣҽΪϣ
ģҲᱻȾġҶ˰ڰ֣ûʥǲҽߵĻҲںԼҽǲǱǸһҽߵȥ
һҽͨҽߣΪ˾һҲģҲһҽӦõıݣ£һⷢһҲǺõġ
ȻˣΪҽǧҪ߹ԼҪ˵Ĳ飬κãҪǿģҪ˵ԼԵġ
ӣ˵׼ģһ˵˵Ҳﲻæֺαعȥ˵
Ȼ˵ĵ˶֪ҶǻҽģΪҶ˵ҽӦ֣ͨ漰ģʥЩרҵҪܶܶࡣ
ˣҶҪȥæûʲôô
ʵϣ㰢ĵ֪ҶҲȥֹһ£Ҷ˿Ϊ˾˶ȾΣգֵòֵá
⣬Ҳڳܶڿǵ⣡
ʥǵҽʦħʦǣǲûȫȻ˵ҲΪҪôȫҲΪЩ˲ðΣսȥ
ҽʦȻβһΪˣΪ˾˶ԼòûжҽʦԸ⣬Ҳ֮飬û˻⡣
Ҳ֮еҽʦõصԭΪǲԼ
ﲻæԾһûµģңҺܿͻҶ˿ǰ˵
ʱ򣬰ĻҪ˵ʲôûü˵Ѿ˴ֹҶˣǾЩʥԱ
ллĺ⣬㻹ģΪİȫǣﲻҪҪǣȥҲûã
ʥԱЩҶˣΪҶ˶Դ
õģһҽҶ˵һʵֻʵȴòЩ˵š
ҪȥҲ㣬һҲ࣡ʥԱü˵
ֹӸǷô˵Ȼ֣Ǿȥһ£ԼģûȨֹ


275 ߣ1
ţҶ˵ͷȻȥĻҲ˵Ļֻˡ
Ҷ˿һˣű˵ģһ㣬һ·ΪͿȷȻ˵ҲпΪ˳·Եʣһܷġ
ţ٣ҶԼΪģԼһܺúܺõˣ
ӣҪȥ׷Ҷˡ
ǰʲôļٵģҪҡҶǰţһ˵;ϵˣеԻ
ȥĻҲȥأƺһܴľһ
һ£ȽȥҶҡҡͷڰģҶ˾ûҽ飬˶ҲͲҪصؽ
ңô˵ҲߣһȾҲһͷʹ飬⣡
ҪŹӣŹûµġļᶨ˵
ţŹˣֻǲ˵ĻҶһʵѾҶͬΪ˱Ҷ˵ľ֮
֮òҲ̫ˣͲˣãһŮˣȻĻһ޸ҶˣźҶһ
һ֪ԼܲܿסôңҶеʵԺˣװĵġ
һֱڻصش⣬شǺܶʱ򶼿ͨõĴ𰸡
ŮֱⲻŮ˲˵𣿡Ҷ˿ŰĻɵ

㳤õŮˣͷƤĶ񣬵ûزǷɻҲеԣӦòǣҶ˶Űĵ壬Ȼܿ϶˵

˵ע֮£Ҷ˴С밢ĳڽıԵû˲أɺܼ򵥣ﲻڡ
ӣҶ˵ˣûڣô߲ȥ˰ɡһ½磬紦һ㲨ܿʧˡ
ﻹ򵥣һҪڣҶָ֮ϷĹâŰĿĶ
ûеȵü˵ΪʲôʱҶ˵ĵ֮£֮ͳһССȱڣһһ˽Сȱڡ
ſĲĴסˣڸӿ϶Ҷ˷ͬһ㣬Ȼ͵ĽҲƽ֪жôĸ
ҶһĻһЩ˹ע˷ˣЩԭֻǶҶ˺ѣھͱáӵĺ桭
֮ǰֹҶ˽ķԱǿҶ˾Ȼ˽磬ǶԼǲǿˣ
ʲôڰķʱҶѾ֮Уŷİĺ
ˣϣıˣ˽ȥȥ֮ǸͻָҶ˵Ҳűϵһȥ
ıԵһŸȾߵĲˣʹŤݣѾ֪ǻĸȾߣ˼
⣬ͷ·磬ļֱԳ֮Ϊã
Ҷ˴ʱѾԼƵĿ֣ףͬʱҲ˰ͬװ
ǺбҪģҶǱ˵ĳҲһûбҪġ
Ҷ˵ƿףҪ˵ķЧúܶ࣬ĸףһԴһеϸ
ͬʱҶ˵Ŀֲ˵ûһֻΨһеǣֵеء
ӣôǵõǰĵĻҲǶʵۡ
𣿿ưɡҶ˺ػص
Ӧ𣿡૵Ҷôое֣ˣˣ־֡
Ҫ֪ԭãͲˣҪҲҪҶΪʲôҪĶ
⸱ףʵ͵ģװԶžһе̶̣һЩ֮УǾгֵġ
Ȼֻǵʱĸӹܣ֮ŪװǾΪǱˮԸˮͬʱǿǿֱӻģֻҪˮתͿԡ
ô˵ҲһӦڵĳ棬Ҷ˾ôصװȥ˿˽ߵ
ûеҶ˶ѾΧǴſ֣ŷ·ˣոյЩʮֵƣҶ˰ǵ֮ǰЩˡ
ոôܴǵĽ硣ЩָҶʵ
߹ģҶʵػشƿ£ȷ߹ġ

ͬʱҶҲһҪе߶óö룬̽˵壬ʱȶס˵ȻΪ
ȻνסǿģֻҶȥˣ


276 ߣ2
ô˼Ҷ첻ˣ㻹Ҫȥˣḷ́һŮƺҲȺԱ֮еһ
Ҷû˵üͷ΢΢ΪֻǱȴʲôֻŲ˵ֲ
λֵܣʲôĿģȻˣҲӦ֪ǲٳȥˣΪ˲ɢѾĴ㡣һԿ׵ʽ˵š
ϻ˵ص㣡Ҷ˵ЩȫûκεãҾҶԺҲһ֪
ȻҶͬһϵģҲԵ֡
Ҷû˵ѾȫˣȻ˵ϻ
ޣ㻹ੲݣʣѣոôģ̲ס
߽İǺ˵ˣ淳Ҷ˵
ô߽İ˭ҪôѽŪơ
һһģҲҪ𣿡Ҷ˴ʵ
ˣ룬һɵС
ӣʵǣôѸոսƣֱӽҡҡͷҶ˵
ܼ򵥰Ĺˮ֮ʮߣ֮Ҷ˿ʼ˵ĹɣȻ˵ı׶ˣ˵Լʲôַ
һУֳһһ㶵ģֻ룬Сӵʲôˣ
˵ʱҶҲڼ˿Ѿʼʩƣ֮ǰǸŮľãʵ̫ˣôˡ
ˣ˵ˣˣ̲סҶ˵ĽͣΪЩȫֻʿȤȥ˶˯ˡ
𣿿еˮƽҶ˶
Ҳôģֻ֪һͨˣƽ磬֪һ㣬Ѿˣͷʹ
ŶǿˣҪң֮ǰҽǵġҶ˰ڰ֣ȻһˣΣصΪȡ
ոյǸˣֻҪϢͻĻת
˺תҶѾư취ûոʲôҩʲôư취
֮ԿԵõתΪҶ˵һƷѨؼưٲĵʱ̫࣬ҲֻܴΣʱһ£ߡ
ҪߣҪҳⲡҳƵҩͰ취
Ȼ˵ʵǲеĻҶҲֻþһһˡ
ʩչѨˣڶʱ޷֮ǰĸأΪְ취Ǽ˱Ǳ̫࣬ͺһһ
ҲΪʱ򣬻û֪ҶѾκһΪ˱ҶԺֽһ
ȻʱҲûע⵽ֻ֣ΪʲôҶ˵ԼЩ֮ǰأ
֮ǰ𣿡Щ˶Դ˱ʾʡ
ʱ򣬰֪ҶһԺˣԾʹشû˼ǹӿΪͬһȺˣǴŶһġ
Щ˳ĬˣСӸոôѵĽ綼ɸ㶨ȻԼͱ˶ֲ壬ȻһҲźܴ
治֪ɵϣһţ߽ǣ
㿴ĹӣҪٳȥˣҪ˳ȥǺòײŰ߸Ȼ˻࣡Щʵµľһ㣬Ҷ˽ǺܹģĵҪٳȥˣҪ˳ȥ
˵ⳡߣǶе£
ʱ߿ʼӵʱЩڳ棬˵Щ֮УŲٵʥͽ
ãʥһҽʦۼĵطܿͷ⣬ȥЩܵȾ˸
ֻǺܿ췢֣ߵĴҲ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ©ӿ
ŬŽͷסȻĻǲ룡
ȻˣⱻȾҲ˿ֲ߰򣬵ȻҲбɵģʵϲûбȾġ
ʱɱɷŴʥǾͽ磬߰򶼷һеķʩ֮󣬲ЩҽʦħʦͬʱҲͽά
ȻϳʥǣʥǸ֮Ҳһǣ
Ȼʥǻ׼ȼõĶάͬʱά򣬾Ҷ֮ǰЩŷʩѲ߶ӡ
һбɵˣЩѲ߶Ӿͻץǽȥ磬ҽʦǽоôȥΡ


277 ߣ3
ͬʱʥҲ԰۹߾棬ð۹עͬʱҲð۹ʹǰ۹Լ
۹յ֮󣬾Ǵĵطߵûطֻʥһ飬ȻҲûзɾ衣
ţǾ˹ʣֻҪҶ֮󣬼ȻʥǽˣǾͲôżˡ
ΪôµľЩǾԲ˿ȥҶ˵ĳ֣ȻΪ㡣
ûӦΪã˵ҶҪߣ˻ΪʲôҪȥֹ
ʱҶ˲˵ģǲȥһʲô
ʱҿҶȻŸȾߵ֣ڽŰڲ̽
ƾܲʲôʦô춼ûвһᣬ㵱˭Զһҽʦм˵
ҰҽҶˣҶ˻شƺöԷԼ˭
˳Ĭ
ǵĶԻӦûʱ򣬷һ飬һźţЩ˶ھۼ
Щˣڽʥ̳Աʼе飬ʼھۼ

˵ע⣬׷ʲô飬ҶҲòȥעһ£ΪŵĲˣҲһȥȥˡ
ܿ죬𰸾ͳڴҵǰЩڿʼˣ
Ҫˣ
֮Уһ˲ƵĽк涼ˡ
Ȼ˵Ԥ뵽鷢ûķˣʱǷԼʵ޷ܡ
ѵԼҪ
Ҫǣ
Щ߶ĸȾߺڡ
ȾһʱһְԱһʥϣ
ӦһҶ˶Աϵİ˵
ţıʾͬ⡣
ɺܼ򵥣Ϊ˵֮ͰˣǾͨڴ˵ġ
Ϳʼˣʥ˵úΰȻЩĸȾ˵˶ӢۣѪڡ
ȻԼЩҪȫ룬ЩĸȾߣ취ôĵĵȡ
Ҫ˵һЩʥǵĽͽЩǵģҲƵͷתȥǶԸ⡣
˵˴ԼСʱ֮󣬾ͽˣʥ̳Աʼ룬Ѫ״̬ĸȾڻ͡
һ̣ˣԭôǿֱκεɱܽӵ¡
ȱߣǱȾҶ˺
ʲôȾˣ˵ʲôͣʱҲǳҶ˽Լ顣
ǲǱȾˣôͻȻ˳ҪոָȾˣȽײҶ˺ֱӵ˵ԼҪġ
Ҷ˵ĻҲɫˣովһֱûԭΪľڳԼΪҽʦ֮˿ʼȾҽʦǷˣӦķʩ֮ǰˡ
û飬ֻǡҪ˵ʲôȴҶ˴ϡ
˵ٻ⼸˵ЦҾͻʥǳߣҶ˵ͻȻˣһѵһϡ
ɫ˱䣬Ȼһ飬ӱܣ
ʱʥǵ˶Ѿ뿪ˣҲſˣ˳ȥȻʿ
ţ
Ҫ
ʱѾˣ̫ˣЩܾԼҽʦȾˣҽʦѾˣʥҲѾˡ
ֻеˣ
ǾۼſڣкţȻ˿ռ䣬ȴûиĴ档
Щҽʦе㲻̵תͷΪ˲һᣡ
ˮǣҶ˾Щ˻֪ģ֮˶ģһֵûС
Щ˵ڻҲ취Ѿʧȥģ
ҶǰЩ˺ȵȥүǻûô
һҶˣߵ꣬ǺηʥȻ˵Ļʥǵ˶ûа취ˣ
㡭κ𣿡˿Ҷˣʵϣһ
ԣʱ⣬ȥһ˵Ҷ˵ͷڴľݣʱ򣬾ҶǾݣҲһǸеġ
ǣЩ˺ĵ棬ҶſڣԻ


278 Ժҽ1
һΣǵҲھҶ˶˵
ôʣҲ׵̡֮Ӧý׵̣˺ܶ࣬Ҷ٩٩̸
׵̣شҵ⣬ûϷҶ˸ı˳ƺһһòˣڿɶ֮ˣҲܱò
̫꣬ûòˣӦȡʱ׵ϵ˵ΪϲҶǣű߰ɣؼʱ̣˵ſ׻ͬʱҲǷϻ
ķϻ࣡ҪӷǰɣʱҶ˳׵̣һȭͣſɶ͡
ʱȻ׵ҶֻǽߣҶͻȻ쭣׵ӦܲŶԣȴûУΪһҶһȭǴ򲻵ġ
ֻΪ˵м䣬һ磡
Դʱ˿̣׵΢ЦҪȥЦҶ˵İ׳Ϊֻǡ
׵΢ЦͻȻͣסˣһ˿Ҷ˵ȭͷȻˣҪ㣬Ѿ㲻ˡ
飡
ˣҶ˵ȭͷͻ˽磬һȭݺݵش׵̵͡
׵̲ҽһҲзıˣҲȥ
ô£Ϊʲôȭͷ
ʱ˶һ㣬ȻǾͻС飬ΪҶ˶ˣӽ֮д˹ȥ
ҶֱӴȥ֮󣬽Ǹ׵̵ץסȻֳּˮһĲקǸ׵֮̽С
磬Ҷ˵ȫǽɣһЧûС
Ҫʲô̴ˣ˿̺Ҫţֲҿš
ҪǿŵĻһ߾Ϳܻɢ
Ȼ뽻ˣҾһոձȾĸȾߣҶƽ˵
ʲôһ⻰ʲô˼
һӻŪҶ⻰˼ܿ죬ǾˣΪҶ˽Ǹ׵̵ķȫȥˡ
Ҫ׵̱ȾµĸȾߣ
㡭
˶ؿҶˣôҲû뵽Ҷ˻ôһУһĸʥ̵̴ʵƷ
ҪƽϢǵʱ±ʥ̱ѵֻҪһ˹汳
Ӧòǣǵ汳ĻԸ࣬ΪͿԽ硣
㣬㵽Ҫʲô׵ʱ򣬾ͺ˪ӡˣ
ףԼѾȾˣǲҪȥ֤ģôĸȾߣڸʵ
ˣǲȣǾȣǾ͸Լ顣Ҷ˵˵
ǲͣʵûа취ʵ˵ɣѾǵһҽʦȾѾֻһֱûǣǵĿֻţ׵ʱѾʲô˵ʲôˡ
ΪԼѾˣҶ˵ܾˣϣ
ô˵©ˣҶʱͻȻʵ
˳Ĭ
⻹Ϊ㣬ոմ˼Ҷٿݡ
ʱ׵ޱȣݣҪԼݸȥΪǰ겻֪᲻ͻȻ쭡
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㻹ǺˣҿǶ˲Ŷԣ׵а˵
Ҷ˹ӣΪʲôҪҪЩһġ׵̶Դ˺Ǻ棬ڳҲܺ档
Ҳ˵ˣǺˣҾҪˣҪ𣿡ҶЩֵʵѵ˵ҲҪ
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˶ԼõĻشǲҪȴٲҶΪ˾˶Լ
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ǣϲҶƽʱԺСԺϲּȻϢ
һصˣ׵̸̾˵뿪ȴҪ£֪޷Σ㻹Ҫȡ
˭˵ûΣֻʱûа취һҳ취ģҶü


279 Ժҽ2
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Ҷ˱ҩĲϣʲôҩȵȣһѵڳҽʦΪ֮̾Ҷ˵ҽ۷
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ڣ˭ỳɣҶǲǿԽⳡߣ
ᣬһᣬֻʱϵ⣡
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ҶôҳԣʵЩҽʦҲŲСĹףȻºֻǵҶˣֻǵҽеԺҽ
Ҳ֪˭ԺҽţܿͱҽܲԺһֱͣǶҶ˵һְ
ҶҲȷܵƺţҽǾԵģԺҲһ
Ҷ˵ԺĸϣβʱʱȻҲ᷸ԺʱҩһŰ»ᡣ
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ʱ˿̣ҶҩϵЩҽʦڿţǼסÿһ裬ڱϣⲻΪ֮пҪõ
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ǼסЩҩĲ裬ΪĶ࣬ǵҽõߣڶѾʼ͵͵ҶԼ⡣
Ҷÿζܸһ벻Ĵ𰸣Ǿϲ֣


280 Ժҽ3
Щ⣬ߵʱ˳۵һЩ⣬ҲߵĲеϵġ
ϾĿǰҪ飬ǹôȥߣȻҪˣΪ鵢ˣǱˣ
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һ̣˶е飬ǰԿҶڵĵطĬĬΪҶ漣Ȳʡ

ҶˣѵҶҵǸܼӣ˵һţ벻Ȼҽʿȷһµְҵֻûж˿Խ䷢󣡣ʥɽ֮ϣһ׺ͷԼĺӣɽ˵š
ӦǵʥŮа취ڰ׺ͷıϣһ֮İ׺ͷ·ࡣ
ͷ·ʥ̳ԱΪ֮羴ġ

ǰҩˣҲ׼һԤԼҲҪһţˣȥҸط˯̫ˣҶ˽ҩݸģȥæҩ
֮ѾҪҶˣ˶԰æڵЩѾѾһԾǾԼҲҪŬ
ȥϢǻ㶨ģѾ׼ˣ㵽õġ
ˣҾ˯Zzzz
˵֮䣬ҶѾ븽һ˯ˣǰΪҶ׼ģ׼Ҷ˿ʱϢһ£Ҷ˵ʱʹ
ʱ򣬴ƺһ飬СҲŽ񡭡
СҲǴԻһһ»Ҳκ覴õŮȴһֱ˵ԶҶ˵ߡ
ΪҶ˸еҸв֪жôĽ
֪Сֻһܣֻʲô뷨
ǻãҲһԸһ㣬ΪܵĻһֱ㣬һӶ뿪
һŮͬҲǺܶĽģ
ᷳ㣬һֱ㣬ֱԶԶ


281 ҽ1
ҫʥǣ紵ƽȴæµĽУǾͺˮһд
ƽһУ֮ǰǳ߱һĶԱȣ
ھǳߵǣƺڵ÷ϧȥ£ǵȻŽٺ΢Ц
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ȻˣһжѾȥˣõԲĽ֣ڴҪֻһ¡Ϊ
ڴʱ˿̣ʥ̫ĵطȴ쳣֣Ϊ֮ǰһߡ
ȻⳡߣҲð۹ĹٷԱ˲٣ԭһǰĹϵûУ
ʥǱֵҪԭΪҪеһʢ£½ѧУλ
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һʥΪλʱ⿪ţЩͽһЩ֮ͣӴ½˷ϵҪʥɽʥʥǣ
ʱʥǲûеʱ俪ţˣֻĳ֮еȴԣʥɽµǼУھеΪо
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СƤôˣҪȥ˼Ҳ֪Ѿˣʻֻ΢
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282 ҽ2
ǵʥˣھʹȥҽĲϾͻõġƤЦţ֮УҲ͸¶ĵϣ
ǰϻõģͲôࡣ˼̾ʱƺΪԼģΪĶӡƤ
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ܶʱҪԼĲҲΪԼͬҲΪǵļˣ
˼ҵˣΪƤѾҿ꣬еĻô걼ȥҲ˳Ƥҵ
ڳƤԵʱ̣ȴһֱΪĸױѾˣмꡣ
˼ҿǵĵطԼĶΪԼһںܶʱ˾뷨ֻĲ³Ƥֱ̫ˣ
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˵ˣǸʱҶһ㶼ǻǮҽʦˣܸõİܼңҲɱ˶ҽһ⣬ΪǻᣬҲǺܸġ
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ǻˣһԺҽҶʲôģ¼ҲһоֻҶܵˣŻЩϢ֮Уõ΢ĸо
һֽͲĸоҲ˵Ů˵ֱ
ʦҺСߣС̣ƤȥǾȥϵʥǵˣǶʲôŵģҶŴʿ˵֮͸©һָ߹Ϣ
Ҷû£ǺʵģǹҲδʣҲдҹķ緶ܵ
ȻˣҲܱʣҶǲֻ࣬ҲҶһʱС
ãҶûҶ˵Ķ࣬ڴҵҶһܲĴҹ㣬ֻҪıܵܣͲ⡣
õģͬѧȥĻҲܽˣˣҲûа취ˣʿ˵


283 ҽ3
ʿӵ仰ѾڳһЩ˵Ѿ˵Ƕͬ뷨Ҷ߹˵飬Ǹûа취
ҲΪҶ߹ݸ߹һЩǿҶܣҪԭǣЩ֮УЩŮ֮У󲿷ֶҶҵĺҶһ뿪յļģͬһģ
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֮Ҷһǧڸ׼Ҷ˵ĲϺܶ࣬ҲҪһ֮
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Ҷѹ֮󣬿Լ˯֮У;е֣ѵԼˣ԰ԼеŮ˵ӦòεĿܡ
˵ŮԽԽճҶˣҶ֮ǰ߲ݵģеżҪֲȥʣͻȻ֮Ҷֻѣͻʧȥεϵ
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⣬ҶҲʹ𰸾ǡ
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Ӧ˵Ƕ߰ɣ֮ĶߣҶ˿Կ϶𰸻Ůйأ֮ûʹˡ
Ҷ˶ҲͽĵˣδڵѾˣŮһҲͲˡ
ҶҲνһΣԼģ
εĻָôȥһУѾκΰ취ͣԭĿƼħ޷͡


284 漣1
Ҷ˻һ뷨뷨κûκεĹϵ
뷨ǣŮʵԼеһ꣬Լó磬Ӧӵ壬ӦŮġ
ԺܴҶ˵̥ʱŮ壬֮ҲΪҶ꣬ŮӤŮӤ
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ҲпŮҶһڲôڵģǵͬʱ֮УҶ壬ֻг֡
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ǸʱҶѹ֮󣬾ͽŮԺ󣬿ԼڷϺܿһ
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286 漣3
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288 2
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289 3
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ѾͷţҵϾ͵ˣʱ͹ԹԵĳΪҵġҶаЦš
Ҷ꣬ڵϷ㣬߹˵
⻹ңҶһֻ֮ͻȻשͷСı飬ڿУţûзȥľ͸ڿУȥģȻǴХŹȥ


290 1

صڹϣ˫űţֻﵱӣҶıҵϡﻩġ
Ҷ꣬ؿڣ֫ô˷ѣܵˣ߹ľ˵ţȻĻȴľκεĹϵ
ؿڣӣǸʲôûáҶͷűô򹫾·ȻǾֲ·
ŮӼңҪһ㣬רؿھˣ߹˵
ҰҾϲôţҶ껹Ǽţñš

ڵĹǲҲ̶ãĶᣬںڣԼӦŮɷǣӦҪԼ˹Ȼ˵
ģôѵҪԼ˴ų
ԼԮջ𣬶ôˣûƺҲˣԼԮǱ˳⣬ΪԼ֪в
䣡
Ҷ򹫾ı鱻һˣˣ͵ڹǰһǺϵĽʿ
˵ϣʵҲСˣʿְҵְҵ࣬ԽʵҲͻԽǿ
⽣ʿ֮½ħʦߣȻʿҪһ㣬ʵǷͬһģһһĸҲҪվ
ϾҲһȻҲŲٵĸ֣
ˣ㻹𣿡һҡѾһϢĹΪŵغֻ仰˸ое֡
һţٺˣǰǸѾͷץҪģһϢĹˣָҶ˵
ףǽʿͷҪֵʱȴҶѾ׼ˣһıϵħѾγɣʼ
ҿŮôһҲ
籩
֮УһЩ翵İ֮У汬һ꣬ЩȻɱɣӲĳ̶ȴһҲȸ֮
ȣȡ
ʿȼųÿһλ趼ᱬһɶЩӴ֮Щ֮ɢȻ쭡
ʿٶԽԽ죬ҲʱʱĴϱγһɵУҶȥ
˺ʿֻܿӰӣĿռҵĶ
ϵɳ
ϵͺ趯ĿɳҶϮһֱȽϳĻϵȴС
ܣ
Ҷ굥ֻһıǽͳǰΪֵһеĹǰɳһĶ
ꡭ
ϵĶײڱǽ֮ϣ̾ͷһֱǽȴû˼һĺȣһĴС
ķڷħ֮УҲǰéģټҶ걾ıԣӼǿķ
ʱҶ겢ûͣˣһֻһħȻһֹħ
תУ
ҶʩŵһֻڵıУڷɳȥ֮󣬱תԻεķֱ·ŽʿҲתԣͬʱҲ׿Ƶԡ
ֱߵĶ·ߣתħҪĲħҪļɣܻĿꡣ
һ£תеԲ٣иõɱȻԽ࣬ƵѶȾͻԽߡ
ܿ죬֮зŵתԽԽ࣬ѾӽʮѣҶϮ·ϣ˾úѤֻѤ֮£ȴ˵Σա

ʿҲ飬Ķ̿ʼŷڿеĺ͹ЩתзȥɲתеȥǺΣյġ
ء
תеײñһɢɵתоֳڴҵǰֵٶҪٶȸ졣
ýʿеƣڱĸоֲܷĹҶ꣬ΪҶбܵţҪһ㣬Уʱһ鷳ܻܿᱻЩиˡ
ڣ˫ڱȵľ˭죬ķħ߸Ľħ
ƾе飬ռʲôˣúܶ˶ҶʵеԾ
ǶﰵСᣬҲôƯȻôµʵ
˳ԾǣҶļޣΪܿ죬гֵٶͻȻӣһһӣͻȻӡ
ʿƺЩѵ˵ոյĽ̽
ȻǣոյѾҶʵǣˣոһַֻţһֻڹ
ڣʿĹѾʧˣȥֵתУҶͲҪٷˣ˫ֹǹȻͻᷭ


291 2
ϴ쵲סˣȥæ
ʿҶѹţҺеӦӣЩ˾Ϳʼ׼Ⱥģʽ
ȺѾǵһȺģʽĶк֮ϣͿԿ϶¡
˭˵ҵסһûгأʿȵƺܲȺӣʵȴûĶ顣
ֻΪĶʼԽԽ٣Ҷֹûа취ֻܿأûб仯ĻͻһֱĵûжΪֹ
Ҷ꣬ȴƺɣ˫ֲͣʩħʹµĹʽҲڳ֮˸еȵĵط
Ů˭ʵѾӽؼⲻͣ
ȻܿģǾҪӵĳԾΪоò˼Ůֹһ⻹һ
ǻ꣡
߹һ֣һ߽ȺħͻȻڴҵǰһǾһ㣬ЩҪμȺս޳֮ͽ

˭͵Ϯǣ
̫޳ˣ
䡭
ȺȻ˵޳ܣҲŲ׵ʵɵӹ߹ħֻǣҪæȺҶļƻʹ˸ǳˡ
޳ܣǲ޳ܣôˣ۸ǼŮӣ߹˵ֻðĻ棬ȴˣǲǵġ
Сߣʲô֣Ҵ򲻹Ⱥ𣿡Ҷתͷ߹Щ˵˵û飬ڲˬ߹Ķ¡
߹һֻӳһƬǴĳ֣ûпԼŪĻǣֻǿҶ꣬΢Ц˵ǰҾ򲻹ĻͿܻҲʡ
ҹһ߿ţôܻҲʣȺһֻ־ͿԽˣҶŭȵ
˰ɣͱˣҪˣʱҶֻѹҿɲ뿴ѹ߹һе㿴ҶζҶӵĲˬˡ
ҶһȻһֻȥһֱӳ߹

Ůô£ôԼˣ˶Դ˺ܲ⣬ֻСҡҡͷһ̾Ϣ
С͹£ִ
˽Ҷ߹ˣԲ⣬Ϊ˾Ϸ룬ᶷһ
Ϊ߹ǶҶĹŲæڴҶΪĵʱڱҪʱӻ֣һɣ
ȻûɵֹͣǺХţצҶȥƺ͡
ߣ
ҶһСڿлһԲȦڿһ˪֮ɵ֮֮ǹֶΣһһ̾ͿԿ϶
Ҷִһӣ֮֮УͻȻһ߹ıͺռһ㣬֮ͳռѿڣ
趯űһֱ߳״߹ĻΧһġ

ھԱ֮£ҲһԱ
ڵĳǼΪڿгֵĲŵ˫Ȼ֪Σգһ̾

ߣ
Ҷһ߹ҲһǲŲæſ֣ƶתıƺҪֱֽ䵲
˰Ķᵽǲţ߹ܷܷ֣ȴΣյı֮£ʲôӡ
ֻǣǵĵƺе࣬߹Ҷ˽⣬ôԼ飬ȻˣһаñƽϢ
̡
Ǳײ߹ϣ׼ȷӦ˵ֵǰڽӴ޵Ŀ֮ʱͿʼ
⣬Ǳڻ
ԭ߹ֲǽţۼ˴ĸܶȵĻԪأֻ̫ܶˣ˿ɫ
ֲã˾֮ǰſ䣬ԭǸ£
ֻǣķʽƺûŮŮһ£ǵ˭ΪʲôͲʵ
ʱԽԽ˿ʼɻҶ߹ݣҪŮı
ͬʱܵԶԶģ⸽ܻܿ꼰㣬κ˶Ҫĵù飡
νӲΣǽ֮£
ִˣԶһ㣡Ƥʱ˼ңҪԶøԶΪ·Ѿ̹Թ
߹Χ޷ҲõõĻᣬԸõ׼ƺԭѾ㵽ʼʱ㿪ʼħ
񳯷
һֻ˴֮зɳۼĻ棬ڳ˶סˣͺ̻һ̻һǼΣյĴڡ


292 3
˴ȵĻ棬չ裬֮һӰ֪ٶʲôȼģ
ǣ˵һֻˣħƺе㲻Ӧýлʲôġ
ֵˣԭǰ񳯷ڻ֮֮УɳһֻһֻС
û֮Խа񳯷ΪˣǺŵСЩСȻСһ㣬·ȴܵꡣ
񳯷ԭеħ߹ԴģоҶתС
Ȼˣ߹еʱҶͺܲм˵̫޳ˣȻϮҵʽ

Ҷڰ񳯷ûеʱ򣬾ʩһħ
ΪʲôбźܿҾͻףֻҪҶߵĵ棬ħγɵӣ
һ̴ӵͻҶΪɢΧһȦ֮󣬱̿ʼ߹졣
Ҷĸɵ״һ仨һħֵ
ħԹ𵽺ܺõķ޷ӽԼܿű̹ǣ˿ԴЩı̡
ţ߹һʩһħֵ
˿ʼĿħƴģֳñҷɡ
õ
Сǵǹͬлڧ֪ʱҲ̶Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҷ˻ڵǰڧҲǷһˣС̲֣Ҳʲô⣬˵޶ȺеƲסˡ
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ҶûмĻҲôû͵Ϯһ£ȻΧҶһŮ飬͵ϮһҲͲڻˣ
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ڵİ취Ȱѵ˽Ҳһʤ
Ҫֹ˼ȥûа취ˣҶ˿Գ֣Ļ˾Ϳе飬ֻС־ԺҽҶˣҶ˰ܼҵԸ񲻻𣬾ǸҲա
֪ԺҽҶ˵Ļڵ˵սҲͲ֣ܽȥҶˣ
ʵǻɣҲһֱȥȷ϶ֻǿոյ¼Ƿʵ
֪ԺҽҶ˵ĻһʣΪʲôҪ㲻ǮȥͲˣôҪǮ
С˵öԣСߣȰЩˣȻҸطúõĴһҶͷС̵ʾͬһֵֻȷǲ졣
ţ߹ͷͬ⡣
һ˲䣬˾ͬʱջضԶԷĹĬո˭ûͣҲһͬһʱͣ֡
һʱôãĬѾˣ飬˵˵Ĭ
Ⱥ裡
Ⱥ裡
Ҷ߹ʩųǵľУ죬첢ǹ̶һУǻݲͬҪʩŲͬ
Ψһͬģ˵ħύ֯һγɱศɣìܵ
˿һ裬ȴΪ˴˵Զ໥˾ú֣ͬʱҲúѤ
ںϣ˿һԶǵĻ棬ڳ˶ǣŮصħ
ڸķΧܶ˶ͣе飬Ű֮Ƿŵıڶı

ǻײڵ棬׼ȷ˵ӦǴ£йˣȻײ档
ˣȫҽУû˿Եֵħ˵ڵϡ
ʱ򣬱Ӧ˻кãףЩ˵أʱ˿ûΪ˶ħסˣ
ħìԣħ
ЩӿݵĵطԺõĸõĲ϶Ƿǳ̵ģǸҲƻĶŮħȻ׵ĴЩӣ
ˣˣǼҶ֣ûпЩһۣͶ߹˵˫֮ϳı˪֮
ͼ˭˭߹˵Ҳһ˻档
С̾һʱѾ޷ıˣֻһߵţǴͿԡ
ƾеô˽ԷⳡҪˣ
һȥ׼ͣСһ뿪˼ó緹


293 ط꣨1
ס֣
ڴʱһ˳ȥҿʿֻҪάģɲͨĵطôǰܣ˵ոյסҲǺġ
Ҷ߹ûж˴˿ŶԷ
ȻûʿĻǵĴڣһڹʿеΣʿֲŮ֡
Ȼ˵Ҷ˵ɱܴ󣬵ǲûκ飬ΨһеģԺ֮ǰĳнսԵʣδЩʿ䶯ֵĳ̶ȡ
λС㣬벻ҪսǿԵߵ⣬Ժãսĵطʿзȵ
Թʿ̬ȣҶȻҲΪѱˣǱҲ뻻طսֻʱҶ۽ɨԶĳƤƺ˽ĿģҲҶҲãҲҪƤҽ˵
ˣȽȥͿԣҶعӣŹʿ˵Ҫùʿи㣬ǴųƤĸӽȥ
ֻʱ򣬹ʿȴˣǲ뿪һҪȥսǾԲ顣
ǣʿ˵λС㣬ѾȰˣ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣ
ôţʲôƶԣôҶǲˬ˵ԼҲǺúõ˵ˣǾȻҶԱС
Ļֻðͳ⣡ʿüа̾ϧˣôȻһҰѾͷ
ʲôǲС㣡Ҷǲˬ˵
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ҽҪͼҪһŶȥʿ˵
ߣСҪ˭ͼ˭˭ҲܲţҶǲˬǳĲˬһʹ˹ȥ

ʿû뵽ҶԼ֣ӦЩٶۣҺҲһһĸ֣ܿͷӦֽһӣһ
ȣ
һŶһ֮䣬񱼶ʿѾշ磬ټĶ̶ȣԿ϶һؼϵĸ֡
˵ֻһؼֵĻҶ߹ҲǿǿӦģȻ˵ĵؼֶ֣ģǱȽͨģǰĹʿҲͨġ
ͨĵؼ֣ҲǲģǺϡеģˣҶ˻Ѿ˿ԶˣȻҲָ£˵һȺˡ
ʿɲֹһҶڵؼģҲǳؼģЩ˿ɶǹʿŵĸ߼ԱҲǺϡеġ
СߣҶüֱӽ߹æһ˺Ӧ
õģ߹ûƴǣȻǰеĪģҶһ˶Ըôĸ֣ʲô£æ
С㣬£ǲҪǳͻˣǹʿŵģСеż˵
ʥ̵ĵ̣ʿųͻһܳԿһӮġ
ΪǹʿŵģǾ͸ˣǲģҶܲ˵
û߹ͷ

ԭ֪Բ޿ֵģѵǾͲµʥ𣿼˶Ҫ⡣
˵ҶĻһ˵ʲôǱյ۹׷ɱ£ʥҲûʲô˵ġ
ʿɫŮеΣǵŮʵ̫ˣħǿҲô꣬ȻʥʿĽѹԼ
ǡΪǲɱˣ˹ֵ飬һɱǣ󣬹ʿֻøһû̫˵Ļ
˭֪ŮûɱҲеСƢȫǹʿſܵķΧ
ԿҪҵʵõԽʯҶЦ˵

СߣУҶҲô࣬ͷųԼеħʱ߾Χ֡
Ŷף߹ͷҲҶһ߳һ棬ߵĿȼա
˺ܿͬʱʩųħǱֻе㲻һǣһζֻһ˺ܶࡣ
˵֮ǰĻֻһһСϪĻڵľǴӣ
תţŹʿȥҲԺõĴţ


294 ط꣨2
ʿʱҲֻȥӲΪǲűƻͻᾪЩҽʦ
ʿʩչܣű
飡
˫ײڷ֮ϣͿʼĴڵϺܿʧ
ʱ򣬹ʿǾʹڱ˫ѹ棬˵֮ǰʹεĻҲô˿ȥһҶŮ
סţҪȫˣҶŮûеǸ߶ȣǵʵֻܿסеĸˡ
ʱ򣬻˵ǽĻʿ˻ȥǽֻǶԸŮֲಫģǲʧʿȵ顣
ʵϣ棬Ҳ֣˵һֲƽһ衣
һʱ֮Ҷ߹ͻȻͬʱɿһֻ֣ħͬʱɿԱȽСı֮ͬҲתһ𣬲ûгģǵһ
С˫ӸʿǣľǴ϶µģֱӴ˴ܣƬʿ·

ʿе⣬Ƕû뵽Ҷ߹ħ
ϴݶˣǻǳȥѾͷɣȻĻŶҪˣʱһʿ˵
仰ոأĻʵˣڽļС֮£ǧٿףȻǺܿĵ
䡭
Ů˭ܶⷢһͺܲˣ˾ȻӼ˼Ǻ׵ĸо
ɾͰЩʩչһԴԴϣ
Һ˻㲻٣䵥Ļһᱻ̬ѾͷˣڻǿӦ
ȥ£ȥˣʿҪˣԼ˳ǰ
ߣ
Ҷ߹ͬʱһͬʱһţϾͳָոճֵı̣лǹЩʿȥ·ǰ
ⶼУýʩչħ˭ܸңŮ˭̳ģҲ̫̬˰ɡ
ʿڴű̬Ҫ֪Ҷ˵ʦ˭ҪȥĤһ£ŶʮҵŮӵ˱̬ʵһôĹɣֵ𾴵ġ
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ڣҶƺˣԼոΪʲôȥǸԭҽԼĵܵܣǺͼʩ˼ڹϡ

ʹʹ㣬ְҶ˽ʹ
㣿ŮĽ㣿
ƺƤƺģΪüȻҶʶҶˣĸ׵Ĳ͸ϣˡ
֪ʹ˰ɣ㻹ҲܣҶɿ֣˳һҶ˵Դ
ûֻܰҶԼԴ
ֻ·˶԰ɣ߹廰ҶˣҶ֪ô˵㣬ֻ׵·мһСӣô·

ʱ˿̣˲֪Ҷ飬ڸӿ϶һ£ԺҽţȻʵ


295 ط꣨3
ҾǽСӣдʲôʲôӶţһͷһΪǰȵģͺˡ
˵ڵ˱ĿĵأŷԼӶǲǣ߹˽Ҷ˵Ը񣬰ٷְٿ϶˵
ǵġǸʱѾȸ۹ˡҶЩ˼ػص
ҶҡҡͷʵСԺ㣬ӶŶŮ𣿡
ǣǶеģҶҡҡͷ
֪ӶȫŮģôûзأҶûʵӶôԵص㣬ȻҲܸ
֪ɵӶţһΪǰյġҶػش
԰ȵԸԲˣֻǶ΢һ㣬ˣҶҲûиɫ´עһ£ֺͿˣ߹˵ҶϿȥڿǲˣûܹ֮ġ
ãûУ
߹һҶҲǽҶ˼һ飬СҲ͵͵شһ¡
ҶˣʱûңȻʱ߹źܶҪʣҪʵ⣬ˡ
롭Ҷ˳˼ڻ룬Լû߹
߹ͷϵĺ߳ˣ⻹Ҫ
С쵰֪Ͳţûģһ㣡߹ץҶ˵֣ǽһֶǾ
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ͷ˦ңȹʱ䣬ҾҰĸ̸̸ǵĻ¸ˣ߹Ҷһ£һӹѾǼ޶ҶˣȻ˵Ҷ˻ûָ飬ǿģҲһ
Ͱˣ㵱ŻǲģҶ˴˵ȻûʲôȢ˾ȢˣҲԿ
ãô˵ˣ
ǵ͸һûͬأСߣҪΪҵĵãǾҪźˣȻҶҵţҶ·ɱô¶һϰ
߹Ĭ֪ҶҶĻͬˣûҶͬ⣬Ҳһвͨġ
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ǾȲ飬Ȱ޳ȥˣô߹ǲм˵ܹã޳ȥˣ㻹пչ
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ѾһˣȻûгϣѾˡ
СЩĽĽǴСһ𳤴Ȼֵģȴ˴˹ĶԷĽĻǿҶһ𳤴
Ľ÷С޲µķС
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Сһ죬Ȼû˵Ķɣ
ţҶ˵ͷʳżҲ
СҲˣżҲ㹻ˣԼֲ˭
վס
ҶСܣҶ߹ֹ̾ͣ˶ͬʱסҶˣǲſҶˣôôʧԼǰ
ﰡǼǵ״̬һзġҶͷҲصػص
ֲС˵ûģôûûл˵𣿡Ҷû˵
еİûգ滹вˣҲеȵˡҶ˵ĻҶˣҽոջƲˡ
ˣиˣæҶڴʱ˿Ŀġ
ƤǺϵģ̱ĸ׹һڴؿҶˡ
˭ҶûпƤֻΪʱ򣬳Ƥĸĸӣ˵ˣҲǺڴΧ
ܿҽҽȻǰκ˶飡
ҽҿҺܡ
ҽ

ʱֳһƬҪҶˣйʿŵĻҶ˵·ͱ˺Ƭ
߹˿Ҷˣٿ˿ЩʿЩãЩʿôҶô𾴣ƽʱǿɽˣԲʥ


296 Ժã1
ѲɣҶ˹ʥ̣
߹ҡҡͷǲܵ飬˵ʥ̲Ҷôˣʥͬ⣬ҶҲԸ⡣
ֻһܼӣκεСϰߣ
ֻ߹뵽һ£Ҷں׬ǮܼӵԸЩ룿ѵ˵
뾲һ£һŶӣֵǵģʿ֮ѹסˡ
ţǲҪңһǶһǼģҲȱôһʱ䡣ҶҲˣȥŶӡҪһǷŸǣֵʲôŵľͽȥ
ţһŶӵȺŵķ˿Էֹ˲⣬ýһЩֲˣװ׵ĵȴ
취ҶʵԹֻǺûжô˻ȣãӵ½ûеģʱûС
ܵܣΪʲôǽȥȣҶеֵʵԺõĸʽӦڴլԺԽȥܶ˲ŶԣΪʲôЩأ
ҲˣûλˣҶ˵ػص
Ȼ˵֢ļʺܵͣǣһ½ˣٵͣҲˣ޷󣡣
Ҷ˱Ĳ˻ûô֮࣬ǰһʱеϢʱ䣬ԽԽ࣬漷˵ŵ档
ҺãЩ֢Թൽһ𣬿ͬİ취ƣֻҪ˭Ƶİ취ǸʱҲ֢Ҳðһ򵥡
Щ취ҶˣҲЩʥǵҽʦڣһЩҽϵۣҲˣҲֻǼ򵥵ġ
Ҷ˲̣ЩǸᶮǶԼҽϵѾ˸ٹ̵Ĺ˼άģ׽һ㡣
ϣҶΪǿԶƣʹļɣȻˣܶʱ򣬾ҶʹģҲǺѧᡣ
ֻΪû˿ҶκĪľ磬ǵЧԶҶѷɫһ
ҺãҶ漣һ󷨣ħԪضҪĵطǿϺܶ࣬ƻ°빦ЩҽʦҲһЩˡ
ҲΪ漣Ҳһ˼Ϊ˼漣ĵǵ漣ĵط
ô˰㲻ǺҿࣿҶץҶ˵֣һʹӡ
ˣۣһʤ߼ǰҲǡǺǡҶЦЦ뵽Լǰһ֢ˣֱҲһˣȻˡ
ˣһ˾֢˵飬־ָԶǣԣŻ˿
ǰʲôҶ߹ֵʵвСûʲôǴαصġ
ûʲôո˵ĲأԼɣŮ˲Ǹҵǻᣬ㰡Ҷ˿Ů˵˸ոյĻ⡣
Ůһ죬ŭС˺죬˵Ĳ˼ңĶӳƤ
ƤҶ˿һ³ƤӦýгúںڵģ

ʱ㻹п˵쿴˼ҵĸףѾĸҽˣʼûҵ򡣡߹Ҷһ£û˵Լһӡ
ţӣŮѡ
Ҷ˹ȥ鿴һ£ѰȻ˵ûʲô⣬Ƥҩͺˡ
Ƥҩ
Ƥ֪Ƥҩʲôֻ֪ҽ˵Լĸû⣬ֻҪ֪һ㣬;ÿˣôν
ҽκðĸף
ԲңҲ⣡Ҳ㣡ţûгԵģҺþûгԵĶˡҶ˰ڰ֣ȻС̽ȥһҪԵģǿ
ҶӵǣӾеת벻Ŀ𾴵ҽȻһ棬һһ
㣬֪Ҫԣȵȣո˵ʲôþûԣҲǸ׼һʳ㶼ˣС̵洫˳ʱѾԺ֮Уʧڴš
µֻȻ֮ǰ飬ΨʿҪһ£Ǿǽ˰Ѵ޺á
ءҶ˳˼ڵģĵ˵ģģġ
ȳ˵ԣҭţȿڹ֭СóһµСˮϸĵĴ򿪣ȻٵݸҶˣװԼեȡʹ֭
ءС̵ĻŸ˵꣬Ҷ˾ѾʼҭˣһСˮĹ֭ȥ


297 Ժã2
˹ˡҶ˺¼ڣȻ³һ
þûгԵĶҪԡҶ΢Ц˵ǲӣеĵѾʧӰ٣ȻǱԹġ
ٳԣ㻹ûлشҵ⣡Сٴʵ
ĶҸ˳ˡҶЦ˵Ѿ׼ãСˣţСһԼ
ʲôҵĶ˳ԣߣٸԣѹ֭ûС̺ܲĵ˵ҪĹ֭Ȼʧܵġ
Ҳû취Щ˶ˣҲǳԵĻǾͻġҶ˿С˵һ޹ġ
ô˵СϾԭҶˣֲֲģԼʳԾ˵ĻǾӦó
ڿԸ˰ɣҪȫϯҶһڴؿС̣Ҫ˵ҪʲôǳһС÷ˣټҲãȻˣ˵ԷḻһģҲġ
֪֪ˣ鷳Сû˵ѯġսҪǰս
С˵ԼҶİһٺóԵģԣ
ҲӦҪ飡
ǱߣǸ˭λСȥó˶ĻҶڸһʿ⸽ǹʿ
ŹʿűӦ飬Ҷ߹˶Զˡ
ǳԾЩʿȻԸЩ飬ԾҶ˾ȻָӵöİѹʿԼһһҲû˼ҵݡ
һ£Ҷ˱ˣںŽ棡
ܵܣʱ䵽׷ʲôôʥôùʿУôͻȻʼ׬Ǯˣ㲻ܼ𣿡ҶʵкܶҪʣһʱֻ뵽ǰģġ
Ҷȥ׬ǮʶҶ˵˵治飬ˣҲȥ顣
ûʲôҲǾһߣʥǾ棬УЩʿҲҵЩʥǵҽʦǱǵˣǼȻҾ˳С£Ҳʲô⣡Ҷ˰ڰ֣Щ˵

Ҷ߹ˣԭǱ˵ģǱСģֻһˣҲȥЩʿ£Ҳֻ˳һ¡
ôͻȻ׬ǮܼңΪѾȫܹˣһǮûУֻȥ׬Ǯټܼˣ
Ůһ
˵ʲô˵ܹˣŮͬʱʵ
˶֪ҶǰܼӣҲ֪Ҷ˺ܻܼҵģһֱ˶ûһҶ˻ܹ⣬ΪǶѾϰˡ
˶ϰҶܼңûаܹһ죡
һֵϰߣҲ֪Ϊʲôǻô룬ǾãҶ˾ӦǼܼҲŽɡ
ǰҰܹˣԭ²ǰܼҵð취Ҷ˵ͷЩ˷ܵ˵ҲֻŻðܹҸġ
ôܹģҶʵƺû£ҲΪҪ֪Ŀ
ΪʱҶȻ˵ܹˣܿͻֻˡ
°Ҷٴ˵
ʲô£Ҷʵ
ҶָָĶȻ˵Щ飬Щˣ
Ҷüһ㣡
Ŷһ㰡ǸʱҴɽǹһҶ˿ʼˣֻľҲ̫ˡ
ص㣡ҶһҶˣ˵廨ʲôطˣ
СԺģ
ʲôطҪʰˣҶҡҡͷڻʲôطôֻ֪ȫչеϸֻа֪Ҳֻ֪
Ⱒ˭Ҷ߹ЩԻ󣬱Ҫ⣬ܿͷҪʣΪѾǵǰ
ӣ𣿡Ҷ˽Լ֣ʹ
ڰĳ֮󣬾̿һߵҶ߹ŮͬʱҲŮҶ˵״̬
ҶҲǿŰģǶе㾪棬ְĵ˫峺۾ְĲһĶ䡣
뾫飿뾫黹ĺ󣡣
ǻû˵뾫Ķһֻ壬һֻǾ飬Ӧǡ
˾㿴ңҿ㣬ţĽ֮УǶ˺ܶණ
û㣬ãҶûע⵽˵˵һ·ϰܼҵļ¼˵һ£Ҳǵʲôˡ


298 Ƥҩ1
ƤҪϸǾ˵һ¡Ҷ˵;ֱ˽ȥƺһȽҪ飬Ǿǰ˽һ¡
εվһᣬȻ߹ȷϾǸ۹Щǳ
ãģμ棬Ҷ˵δޣҶ˵Ľ㣬Ҷ꣡߹򵥵ؽһ£û˵ԼҶݡ
ƺѾû˵۹ݣڵʵܼ򵥣Ҷ˵δޣҶҵδϱҲ˵Ҷ궼Ҷҵġ
Ҳ˵Ҷûм֮ǰͬҶҵˣ
ƺϲҶݣҪ߹ݶܶ࣬˵̫ˣ
ǹӵļ˰ˣû뵽ǰݾȻ˾һ㣬һδޡ
ôҶ˶ˣ߹ֹ˰ĵ񣬴Űʵ
ͬʱҶҲ߹һڴŰģðĸеȫڡ
ҸŹѾмˣҳԵ֮ҾһֱߣһЩ飬ӺԺģҲһ֪˵Ҫû⽫Ҷ˵תơ
֪ǲһ棬·ˣŻһܡҶش
ţӺ񾭳·СҲһ˾߶ĵͷЩε˵
С˭Ҷͬʱʵ
ǲ֪һֱ͸Źӣ˵ǻᱣӣźӡЩ⣬û뵽СݣҶ˵ĽδҲ֪
ѵ̩ţСӰ̩ŽӻˣҶ߹ŶԷСǻ椡
ǵļ֮УҶֻ̩һź򣬲ߣһǶҪΪ֮ԴףֻΪҶ˲Ըһ𣬾˵ҪȥΣҲҪһȥ
̩ţӾͽСҲ֪ȫʲôܴһȭܽһֻ˵ĻҶ˸ˡ
Ӧþ̩ˣҶͷ椱ΪĻŮ˵ܴ󣬲˵
Ȳ̩ˣ˵˵СܼôܹԼļҲ߹ʵ
ܸӣûһУչ߳еƷҸ㿴嵥ɣءĲ˵ЩƷ֣Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ⶼʲô߰ģЩʲô𣿻˵£Ͳֹ𣿡߹ڿЩ嵥֮󣬾˵ЩܿͲһ仰
ˣҲֹο㣡
ҶҪĶѾֹΪǶԴҲΪ磬ûκ
ֹҶ£ı˵ʲôȴ߹Ѿ˵ԼҪ˵ģһĸо
ǣ͵ͷ˵ûֹˣӵЩûã󲿷ֶó
ó˵Щóôܣ˵˵ʲôط߹Դ˺Ǻ棬Щôû;ĶٶҶ˵ǲõġ
Ľ£ܵжָָ£ָָܣȻڵȴȴ߹˾ȵı顣
ţκϢеȣ
Ȼ߹ҶͺܳԾʵ˵еĶѲɣжģ
߹뷨ܴ󵨣ҲģΪҶʲô鲻飬Ҫ󵨵ȥ²⣡
ʵϣˣ漣˵Ҷ˽ģ
ţµĳǹһֽģǹӲ߻ģҲǹӵĲϣǲŹӵĲϣչӵĲ߻ȥãĵͷ˵
Ҷˡ㻹ʲôġ߹૵˵⻰ʱȴ˽ΪҶ˶
ҶĵܵܣʥﻹԼĳСҶ͸ӽˣԼɼҪ
Ҳûа취飬ʮҪ޼ҿɹ飬ڹӲͷһиȥĹߡ˵ʱһ֡
νĹߣҲҶչģҲ֮ûõĶ
һУҪʮ˻ȥеˣҲһܹҲ߹嵥ģĴĻոսĳѾٿˡ
߹˵ģҪĳҪʮ˿ԻȥټҲܹܰ⣬ԣҶûǮҲ


299 Ƥҩ2
ʵҲˣ˵ʮ˲Լ֣͵ŽӼã³ҲУҲȥ
һжҪԼֻˣ
ͬʱҲһ˵ҪȼҲҪЩֻžȼõˣͲֵþȼãҪȼҲǾȼˣ
Ҷ꣬ǡɶҲ˵һ˽֮߹ҪȥҶôβģҪۿҶ˵ҽǣҶһδ룬ҶѾˡ
Ǻ߹һţܽӣܿ죬ͿҶ꣡
Ĵ˴ȻҲȥҪҶ飬񣬾ǸҶ˵ʿæչ˲ˣһЩҶûпļơ
߹ܽȥ֮󣬾ͷҶվſڲԶĵطĿҶˡ
ǲǾҶ˺ԣ˲֮˴ϣͺʹһ߹һߴȤҲ顣
ʱ߹ΪҶΪҲֻҶˣûע⵽һЩӦҪע顣
Сߣ˵̩Ż᲻ӣ᲻ûβͣҶûлͷʵ
߹һ£ЩҶ⻰˼ʶػص̩ǻģôܱӣҪôױβǲزסģ
˵ܵǸҲŮ̩𣿡ҶָҶСͬʱһԼò
ƽʱĻ߹һһͬʱҲеʼҶòҶȷ԰ò
Ȼʱ߹ȴûʱ䣬СĴ֮Ҳһסˡ
⣬ô̩ţҪ˵ûβͣûж䣬òȫһģҪ˵òٻе㣬Ķ𣿡߹Сǻ椵⣬׵ظоСҶӰӣͬʱƺҲԼһЩ
϶Ҷ㣬Ȼ˵ҲǺܾûмˣҲܱҶҡҡͷܡ
˭߹ֵ
Ҷ룬˵С
С˭߹ٴʵ
֪С쵰ȥ֪ʲôطǹŮӣƯģҶڰ֣Ȼǰ֪СֻΪ˵ֶѡ
߹˽ȥҶ˵ߡ
ʱҶΪƤĸϣɫ棬Ůûпڴţһִ磬ǻܰյġ
ûʲô⣬ģ˼ҵĺ󱳵ģ߾׵ͻ°ݴϵŹƤҩλƤһ£ٸţһʹΪ죬ƤΪĸ׻ҩ
Уҽĸ׵кôҶ˺רҵ˵
ֻǣҶ˵רҵڱ;̫ˣƤôҽʦûô򵥹ģʲôƤҩ
⹷ƤҩʲôΪɶԼû˵
һ㣬Ҫ˵Ƥû˵ϣûһ֪ʲôûгֹ
Ƥҩʵҽ֮Уĸҩͳƣָһҩֻ࣬ƤҩЩƭõĶˣԲŻúܵ͵Ρ
ʵƤҩĳЩҪڷҩãΪģҩĸü΢Сĺô
ȻҶ˼Ȼ磬ҲĹƤҩͱͬˣ
ҶĹƤҩ˸ֲͬҩ⣬ǹƤʵǰŵǲƤ滹̻
ЩЩΪҩЧõķӣЩƵһֳ򣡣
ȻˣЩ󲢲ҶԿ̻ģЩСˣֻҪЩģҪҶԼ֡
ҶҪ飬ôЩƤҩȥƣ
νҽʦǸߴôҩԼȥҩ
ҽ𣿡ƤҶˣǻɵʵ
ţŪ㲹Ʒĸ׳ԳԣȻⲹƷһǹصĶֻҪӪˣʲô֮ĶУҶ˵ͷ˵ûвƤĻɣΪƤҪ䡣
Źӣôôڵһ£ǸҽһʾԺҪԼˣһ˵ʱѾһţʾƤĸ׽
Ҫλе㲻㣬Ҫ·ǰʵڲŹۣҪܻһ£
ƤҲû˵ˣȻҽʦ˵ĻǾɣ˱ûж뷨ͱ˼ң߽ȥ
˼棬·ĽŹϣȻһָһ̨ӣһóһƤҩ
ƤûжʲôԼĸſ̨ϣȻƿ·


300 Ƥҩ3
λã㲻ҪطЩƤҩ㲻Ҫֻõʱܴ򿪣Ȼͻ󣬵ʱʧȥһЩãİҶ˵ָʹƤҩλϡ
ţ֪ˣƤŰģͷúʲô鲻Ծģֻһʱ벻
ˣúˣӦǸƶ˼ңûеطסĻȥסҪָɣǻЩҲһĹǮʰһ£ȻųƤ˵
һ֣ǧĴסլ滹һ͵ʳãÿ춼ṩѵķˡ
ֻҪסˣҪ飬ܼķΧ
˵Щ˵ĹȶĻͻᰲµĵطסҪҲҪԼܡ
ЩģǻǱȽϲסΪﲻԼ󷹣ʳý
ΪԵʣԽԽ࣬һʱΪ
漣ֻʵһʩרЩ˿һµסլҲʳṩʳʳöӪҵģҪǮģǮࡣ
ʳõ׬Ǯϲ˫ȡ裬ģʽͿʼ˻Ҳܿȫ½
ҲҶû뵽飬ԼľȻһӰ쵽½
ţõģúøɻģǮͲҪˣֻҪгסˣƤҡҡͷ˼ҸԼһ޾Ѿ㹻ˡ
þãӦõģﲻѹեģû˵˵ʹ˳ȥҪæ
ǡðɡƤشʱ򣬷ְѾȥˣͱĸףȥ
Ĳȥĺŷͷȫ԰κãǵģģô£ֺò𣿡Ҷڲ鿴һ֮󣬾ü
˵˰ǲһҪΣЩˣ滹źܶˣʵҽʦѾԽˣǾǲšε
ʵǺģ֪иҽʦҽãȻȥңԼĲǺأֻСðҲȥҽʦ
ֻǣԴ˷ѡ
ҽʦΪʲôһҪң֪֪˷ҵʱ䣬˷˵Ҷ˺ͷʹ˵
ǳĬǵȷ˽һ㣬ǻǻ
ܵܣûõģ˵ɣǸţ˭Ҫ˿κܵǲòҵܵܵƣԺʲô˵ģҲһƣҶݺݵɲԼĵܱܵһΪûбҪ顣
˵Ϊ˾˵Ļǿܽܣ̫ãҲһ᲻Ը⣬Ҳ˵˽
ʱ߹ҲҵҽʦʲôĻҶˣһġҶҪչôˣڱֻһСˣõչҲͻһ㣡
˵Ҳǡ
ǰһ
һӣʼ濪ʼ۷׷ףЩѾԾǰӦȥҽʦǱߡ
Ҷֻ˵ʱȷҪܲӴҪ˳˳С߹Ȼǿϣ
ʱַһС

ͻȻȥĳƤͻȻе
˶ͣס飬ųƤɻҪʲôأ
㣬㣬㡭ƤĸףָŰ˵㣬˵Ļ
תһ£ȷԼ֮ʵôˣ
еģôΪҩƤŭ
˶Ĭˡ
½Ů֮ԼǱȽ϶ģȻûйŴô࣬ǿ󱳣ǲеģˡ
ɵӣ˵ʲô˼ǡ˼һ죬˳Ƥһ¡
ҽʦҲаɣ˵һβһΪʲôиŮƤ˵
ţӦýиŮģҶ˵ͷ
ҶˣôϹ壡
ǰҽ߲иŮӣΪʲôƤָҶСȽϺʣҶ߹ûǲˡ
˵СﰡʣҪҸŮĻʿôûһ㣬ģôˣôû˵㣿˹ˣҶе֣һ㣬Ӧòǡ
֮УĲ֮УҲŲٵŮˣеŮǰİֵģôû˵̫ˣ


301 Ůģ1
֣ѵǡ߹˵û˵꣬ͱ˴ˣһ߳ЦҶꡣ
𳳣ܵܣ㣬ǲǺͰһֱһûʲôܶ
ûУǺ˱־룬Ϊǰ뾫ɡҶҡҡͷ˵
ǿϧˣҶЩʧ˵
ʲôϧҶ꣬Ҿ㣬㲻ҪҶ˴߹ҶԼߣҶǲغȵ
òãȥ¥Ҷ꽫Ҷ߹˵
ĵ˳Ĭꡭ
˵ʲôأҶеŪˣôúõģ
СԺ˼ôˣ㾹Ȼûз˼ǡҶҡͷҶˣεظоȴ¶Цݡ
ϲҶôԺ㿴ôʲôϵġ
Ҷˣĺɵܿɰ߹ӵһҶˣȻһҶ˵

ҶһԻôˣΪʲôͻȻô֡
˵ʲôΪɶƤҶһԴ˺ǲ
ɵӣλŮģеġ˼˵
Ƥ˴૵ɶŮģ
˭ŮģģҶҲ˼ҵĻŰһᣬϸĴš
Ҷҡҡͷ˵϶˵㡭

˳ĬԺҽĻԺġ
Ϊʲô϶ҡеίؿҶˡ
ǰܵܣΪʲôأҶҲܺһ㣬Ҳ߹ĵط
ݵģںڵģزҲûУôŮġҶָŰĵز˵ǾԿκεͻ
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302 Ůģ2
˵⼸֮УҲõҶ˵״ԼרȥоһҽԣڵҽҲǺܲģҲڸ߼ҽʦˡ
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303 Ůģ3
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С˵ȥ˲ҪҲ͵ԶҶˣǸûã
С̿ҶץһڳԵʱ򣬾̷е飬ܹȥ˹
ǵģͲһᣬĻûкáôǸȥȻͲԵġС̻˵Ҷ˵ʱ򣬷Ҷģеץˡ


304 Ҷ磨1
˺ˣȸԣѾɵģС֮°ˣõĲ˷Ҷ˵ǰҹһ㣬ҵĳϹң
šҶ˵ͷó͵ˣҳ԰ƷǸζҲŹȻǷţ

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305 Ҷ磨2
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306 Ҷ磨3
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ֻΪҶòھɫеģȻǸոպùʸ񣬵ҲӵԵĻͷʡ
ڴʱҶ米ѳƽ˼Ӣˬʣ˾øˣ
Ҷ˫ǰǰţûΪ˵۹ӦֻԴѾϰˡ
ʱҶѾ̽ԺôߣԺõ·ߺףܿҵԺõڡ


307 ʣ1
ԺõĴţѾݺˣ˿йһս漣ĽʦЧǺܸߵģ仹ԺߣСʱɶݡ
ãʣûмҲŮǻһݵ꣬һ˼һ˼ҽģҶǰòǰ
Щǹʿʿû۵زЩʱ¾֮ѡģĿĲΪ˷Ϊ˷ֹҽߴȥҽʦ
˵룬뵽Ҷ꼸ˣҪشʱ򣬾ͱ˸ˡ
λС㣬֪˵ļڱһǺ
Ҷعͷӳ˫֮еһͷϡɵԴԴһ˵ģ˱ǰ챻Ҷ߹Ĺ
ڹߣļ£ʱƺָˣҽʦܺĵؽκˣô˵Ҳʥ̵Ľͽ
˵ˣҲе谭ͨ
Ҷڻعͷʱ򣬹ͫ̾ͷŴ˺üһαɫˡ
ʲôӣôĶô׵Ůƽʱһ궼һѾĸˡ
ҽעҪһˣ
ɫ֮£ƺ֮ǰĽѵɫֿʼˡ
۾תһ£ƺһ⣬˵С㣬Ҫҵ֪Щ˴˺ܾãŶƻˣô޺ˣ
ҪҶԼĻҪָ֤ݣȴ֣ǴžȻѾ޺ˡ
ʱŵȷŮˣһһʵֲܿ˵
ȻǸʱ򣬹Ѿ˯ˣº˺˵£Ҳ˱õĴš
ʣ˵ǲģҶûṫſڵ
Ҷ綼ȥŹĻΪһ֪һŵˣȻǸԹŮƭ
ֻǣ˵Ҷ߹֮ʱ;ûģȴȻȥ򹫾ȷϡ
ǵģ룬ȷǵģֻһ
һ԰ɣеĻ飬׷ʱ򣬶˵ϣѵЩͽ
ǣȺ޳ܵһǰЩΣӵһߡ
ԺͨˣЩ޳ܵȻ޳ܣҲ߰˼ħʦԸǴ´ࡣ
С㣬Ҫҵ˾棬ǻȳˣĻ˶ǿģӵʮؼ֣Щ˸˵Ŀġ
ҪҶ뿪ԲҪ嵽棬ǣɫٴҲãҲһң
뷨Ҷ֪ôǿҲһʱԳˣֻû뵽ǣҶûк¡
֪ץסǣһǺǿģҲһ򲻹ҲߣҪȥˣҶ档
ĬˣҶ絽ô£ôҽȥ
ô죿޳ܽʿСʵ
С椸ҰˣߣȻĲУǾֻӲģҶʵǻǿµģֻҪЩ˾Ϳԡ
ǣ
޳ܵĸӦһ䣬ֿ·ѸٰȥȻǲҶע⣬ȻǾͺѶʱս
Ҷܿͷе㲻ԾЩ˺ʲôͼʱ붼û룬Ȱγ˫
˵Σ׼ȹ۲ʱ۲ͻᷢѾˡ
ҲҶϰߣͯӰκˣڱ޹ʿԼʱ򣬾ͻν
ʿû뵽ҶᷴӦô죬ǵѸµļƻƫҪһ¾ͱѡ
ֻʱǾѲǴ⣬ǿԿ˷ģ
ʿҶνͬʱҲһγԼĽǰеͬʱҫ۵ĻǣһĽҶȥ
ҶڴʱѾЩ˶ԼŲ죬һɵķܹ˽ʿĶ
ֻǣȥֻһˣڳĻвٵˣ
縿
һϵħħʦϲץҶ磡
縿˼壬÷ϵħһ棬ǱȽϳħһֻж㣬ֻжСԼܶˣȫС
ԣʱҶǲܱסһжɲ㣡ҲҪħܳɹ


308 ʣ2
ƣ
Ҷնһϵ߽Ӵ֮£ڿбħҲʧˣ
ͬʱҶҲӿٶȣǰȥΪ֪Լᱻ˹ᱻЩ˸Χ
ʵ֤뷨ǺȷģһĻĶħͻкˣ
ҶϾֻǰ˼ߣʵǺǿˣսЩȴҲһӵͬʵϵƣھԵ·硣
˵ʱûıʳ֣Ҷ罫Щ˵֮
ԣʱҶڸٵתţҪ취õİ취ǡ
λ޳ܵĸְΧ֮£ҶͻȻͣ٣ͣΪýʿЩ˴һ£Ҫʲô
ʿǴסˣҶҲһŲ֮ͣ󣬾һԾ˳ɵĶĶ˫ն
ѽͬʱӳʮֽ˫նǴŵݶ
ȼŻ˫ն˵ѾˣѾҶҪʲôˣҪɴĶˣ
ΪʲôЩɫŮǱ̬ģǰŮͲ˵ˣԹԵŮȻҲǵ֮侲ܿڡ
ҪֹѾˣֻܿҶ˫նݶȻ򴩣ǴŻĶ֮󣬲ûʧǼҹճȥĻҹ֮С
߻
ڿ⣬Щ˳ĻԼͲܶץСֻǲܶѣ
Ȼ޳ܣûðԺãǴһҲʲôҲ¡
ŵݶǱҶ򴩵ģ޹أ
ǣˣҪһҶ磡ҪòҶѾջˣ׵ĿǾ޹ء
Ҷ緭һĴݶѾ϶ԼûЩ˹Ȼ¾ˡ
Ȼ϶ԼûҲһҪЩ˱־룬Ҷֱݶ۲ı仯
˭Ĵǲ̫ùˣƻΣ
ܿ죬ʿͳڴſڣű򴩵ݶепŸո޺õĴŰ
ΰʿǸŮӣ˵ҪȥҪˣſڵֹͱˡǸոҪæʹ˴ţˣ̶ȸ״Ť
λС㣬ʲôĵطҪƻǵĴţʿ̧ͷվҶ磬ǹ֮£Ҷʵ̬еʿΪ֮һ
ǽǲٿرħŮҶҲûг嶯Ū顣
ǵģھ棡ʿͷص
ǰǽ͵˽Ȼǳе𣡡ҶüΪİҶץˡ
ҶҶ˽⣬֪Ҷʱһ㣬ȴзִ磬кס
Ҷһ߹Ҳ˵һǲԸ棡
ֻǣҶȴûмһ㣬˵ҶڵĻͲˣͻú
ֻҶ粢֪Ҷ˾ҲûκεϢԺҽҶ˵ĽҶˣҲûи߱ˡ
ЦûǳеģҪǰǽ㣬ǳеģʿЦ
ȻҾ͸ˣҶܸɴ˵Ȼ׼ط
Ȼ̸вɣǾȳ룬˵ԼҪЩˡӲƴĻֻаװ׵
ҶЩʿУѾǶǱԼ߳ܶĸ֣Ҫ˵ôˣһҲԼӦģ
ߣɲң߾ߣһʿݣҪȥץҶ硣
ҶϵһУ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿȥûȥ·棬Ϊǵطֻӱ¶˸õץԼ
Ժõһ࣬ҪطҪܶ࣬Ȼ˵ҲðգҪԺ֮Умɳһ˵ĻͿԼ
ڵİ취Ҳֻֻпܣǰٷְٻᱻץ
ԸոԺõЩı֣ҶҲţԺõķǺģҲֵðյĵط
ʿȻ׷ˡ

Ժ֮УҶ˵סɧҵŮ˵£Ĺ¡


309 ʣ3
㣬Ҫȥ򣡣Ҷ˵˵ŵʱͻȻе򼱣Ҫ뿪
ڳмŮҶȫûһľֱӾ͵һŮ顣
ȻˣڳĸŮ˰е죬Се΢΢˼֮⣬ȫûκε
ȥɣҪҪȥôˣҶڰ֣ҴȤСʱСʱҶˣһϲҶһȥ
ˣСţҶҡͷ
ڿɲԼĽԼǶСʱ飬ʱԼСһ㣬Ҳϲ
Ŷȥɣȵȣ˵Сȥ򣿡ҶͻȻ⣬СŮӣôϲôҲãҲӦҲ㡣
ڶСԽԽ棬߹ҲͬǶС㲻СҶ߰ݵʲôɫ
ǰ˵ˣҿˣҶ뿪Сʧ
⵽ô££Сﶼһֱȥ𣿡Ҷ˴Ȼʰµ
ǰСһֱ͹Ӱģ˯ϴ裬éһ𣡡µͷش
˭߹ʵϣд𰸣Ͼ⼸¶һֱҶһ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪֪һֱŹӣҲ֣˵˯ҲûпԶͺǹӵӰһʵȴǿԱӣôıò
СûпСǿʱ򣬾ҲҪվҶŮ뾫ǱҶ˵ƭˡ
뾫ĻСһǿıڣһŮҲһ㣬Ȼ֪ҶԱûκε⣬һ˱Ǻ¡
ô˵СҶ˵ܡСʱһ䣬˵Լ뷨
ȻҶ꣬Ȼܲ³
ܣ֮ǰ˵ԼһܣУҪŪСﵽǴðģҶ߹ˣ˾Ҷ˻һҪ
ǿҲãҲãҪԼһ𰸣²²ȥһͷʹ飬Ҳ˾ĵ顣
ééԺҪڷﰲͰôԶ򣬵ȵ˶ˡҶé·Сš
ҶҲˮϵͳˮϵͳ׾;ЩҲһųˮͰʩֻҶطס˵ģֻʱסһᣬԾûʩ
ףǲǿˣôݶӰҶȥé;УԶݶ֮ϣԾҲֹһ
ȺԾݶ֮ϵˣ˵Ҷ͹ʿⲻ֪ɺϻ찲ŵģҪȥéҶˡ
Ҷһ̣ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽӽԼʿʵҲоԼҪ뿪ļƻҪʧˡ
ʱҶһİ취ʱС֮еҶˣС
һҹû¹⣬ټҶڵĵطҲûеƹ⣬ûпҶ˵òȻͲټˣΪҶʲô鶼Խ͵ͨˡ
ҲһССᣬҶҪץҶΪʣСˡ
ҶҶˣһǰ׼Ҷˡ
ҶǼǰСܣתͷɹҶ磬ţš
һ̣Ҷ˱ҶץסˣһĲϣҶǶıȥ
ҶҪ˦ҶǺ׵ģ˦ҲСｫƺ֪ҶԼý㣬ĸоûκεĶıҶץΪʡ
ǸʱҶ˻룬ϵʲôݶϷȥģ
ʱƺûзڵ
ſӣʿͣվԶ´̼Ҷ硣
ÿȻɱҶԼѺԱˣץһҪľɫгˣԼ뿪ԽҶˡ
˫ŵ£Ҷ˷һС
ץ

ӣķӦҲ̫һɣУոô﷢ıץס
ҲԼĴȻһ˴Ю˹ӣֻǣ˲׵ǡ
ӣôʲô
ȥ򰡡



310 ƯŮ1
ҹգǵ㡭
ǹҹúأصҹ֮£ʥ³Ժ֮УΪ½⣬Ϊ֢֮˵ϣ֮ĵط
һȺʿΧŮŮЮ꣬˶ԷԼõý㣬Ϊǿ̫ԵʣΪǽӴıȽ٣ֺܾûԵʡ
ýܣҶҶ磬Ȼ˵ѪԵѾ˺ԶѾ쵽ûеĵز˵Ҷ⣬ҲջʳǵҶլ
ô˵Ҳã˻ýܣҶҼ֮ϵˣ
Ǵˮ嵹Լ˲֪Լˣ
Ҷ˾£ΪҶʡ
˼ǿ˿ҶĬһᣬһвȻҶ˵ĻеһԼȻôɽϲץס
ⲻ֪Լˣù
ʱҶͻȻ뵽Ҷˣ飬ǺܷܿҶ˵ϡ
ô˵ҶҲҶ˵ý㣬ͬסҶլ֮УҲҶ˽ӴҲҶһһЩ飬Ҳչ˹ҶˣǴ󲿷ֶһչ˱ԼСõû߱ãȻһ׵ġ
ˣҶȻǺ˽ҶˣҲеӡ
ã˿㲻Ҫ˺ӣʿֻ˿˿һСҶ籣һȫ룬̼
Ȼ˵Ҷ˲ʥ̵ˣҲûбٷϹʲô˭֪ʲô״һȺ˾ͻᷢ쭣ԼΣǾ鷳ˡ
ʱҶĽǽҶ˵ĲӣܿҶ˵ĲһѪ˿˺£Ҫ΢һµĻǺǺصġ
ҶʱҲǺżģȫڲš
ûеĹӣһ£ŵȫҶе㲻мһֱЩǿиɵĹӺûкøУе㷴С
ֻǣ֪ҶڲǺʲôǲúʲôֻΪ
£ҵҪȷŮҶ˵ĻһֱܺҶһòǶԷǵˡ
Ը񣬹ԹŮԸ˸µģȻˣԸ̡ͷӦȣûκεĹϵ
ԹŮǵӦٶۣ
ǣʿһʲôҪԼûа˭ô˵Ů˭
ʱҶͻȻ˵ˣȷңץ˭˭Ҫȥںܼ
㼱ʲôҶûмҶЩҶ˵Ļ
򼱣Ҷе㲻ˬ˵㣬ٲңҾϡ
åҶе΢΢죬ƺӸոյڵһηƢȻСһġ
ʱͻȻҶ˸ոΪʲôڲԭǱԭ򡣸ո˵Ҫȥ򡭡éΪǼٵģڿӦģ
å
åǶåҶ˷ʿǶѾ꼰ˡ
åΪʲôô˵ңҶ˴ȻģⲻΪǹԹŮеԭԼҲ֪ʶķӦ
ǰӣΪʲôǶ˵ʿҲһ޹˵Ǻ޹һֱû˵ʲôΪҶ˵ġ
ǹҧʶġ
Ҷ˵һˣ˳һԴǵ˵һŮӣȥ򣬻åЩʿȻȥ˼СåһȺåûչ飬Ҫȥ򡭡

ֳһƬţҶ˵Ҷ绹ǹʿ
ʿﻹǼԩ
ԩ˼ŮӣǶ֪С˵ʲôǱǸʲôԹʲôϴˣ
ҶǴ˴Ҷ˵Ļ֮УԼʧ񣬵ĻһϢЩ˾Ȼǹʿ
ʱҶе㲻ˣ׼ȷ˵ȫ㲻ˣ
˵ԷЩǹʿĻǲԼ˴ԣмʹһᣡ
½֮ϣʿĴǾԲκһ飬վڹ֮еˣԲŮЩ߰飡
˵һεĻܱôùҲô򵥾ƻˣҪҲ͵͵ֵô󣡣
˵ˣʥǣϾҪλΪ½Ľ㣬ôʱǳô¶ˣ
˵ץͨ˻˵֮УһҶһ߹һץֳ¼С̣ҶҲһݡ
Ҷ˾ԲʧȥС̣š


311 ƯŮ2
ѵ˵мһ᣿
Ҷ翪ʼɣʼԥܿһ飬мȷĿռ䣬ԼǱǼˡ
ʱ򣬹ʿҲͬ뷨ǴҶҪоԾҶ񲢲鷳ģ
ǣǾҪѰһͣԷĽͣ
Ȼˣڽ֮ǰʿȵҪǣҶ罫Ҷ˷ſȻҶϣһĻԼͷʹˣ
ҶҲһ뵽һ㣬ڵȻҶˣڵֻǿܣһܲأһ밲ȫһ㣡
ʱҶΪ˱ʾ⣬΢ſҶһ㣬ֿҶ˵ΣյǰѽҲ뿪˲ӣȻڼ֮ϣ
ʣǹʿҶץҶˣǰĹʿʵ
ǵģʿص
ʣʥ̵𣿡Ҷٴȷϡ
Ҫ½ϣʥ̵ĹʿĹʿ
Ⲣʥ̵ǿȨ˽֣Ǵ½ĹأκÿһʿŶΨһ֣κʿظ
ιιǱкˣң㣬ˡҶ˫żţԭŲһϾͻӡ
ŶҶӦһȻͷſҶˡ
ףΪʲôҪ㣿ˣģȥˡҶڵõ֮һ̵ˣڴеһӰ
Ƭ̹ҶͻȻӦΪ֮һ
ԼôȻὫеĳˣΪʲôΪʲôҽʱ򣬾ͺһħһ㣬ԼȻ
ҶողҪҶˣɲôʱѹؼʸˣԼҲ֪Ϊʲôͺһϰߡ
ʱ򣬾Ҷ˽Լ㣬ƺеϤĸоָоʶĻ
һУʱ󣬵֮ܿ󣬵յ׽⿪ʱȫˣԭΪԼõܣ
ҶˣĽ㲢ô۵ģн˲࣬Ҫ˵ոʶˣʶܾõģҲһУ
ˣҶǸʱҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻҶΪ㡣
ǸʱҶҲûȥЩ飬ʵ̫ˡ
ЩʿҲһһᣬ룬ԭһǵвðҪ֪Ļùӽ㣡
ʱҶΪѣ֪ôȥǰ飬˵ǵȴĳ壡
Ȼĳ棬һ˳мᣬ֮֮ǰģҪӵĻͻʧȥȻ
ھһѡһҶͷʹѡ񣬶ѡ˲ӣ
ⲢΪǰһᣬûѡЩʿѾһΧҪӵĻѾˣ
ȻᳯķȥչҶĵģǶģ
λС㣬֮ƺһᣬܲƽ͵̸һ̸ʿûбƽЩ˿ˡ
Ҷ룬˵õģ鷳ˣ
е鷳Һ鷳ĻǾͲʲôˣֻǿǱݻεĴš
鷳һ£㵽ʲôģʿʵʵֱӵģԽʲôĸ
˼Ůӣǡ
أأڴʱҶŮΪҶ˸ոһкԵʣѾܵˣ
Ҷƺ˷ܣòץһ˼飡
ҲǵһֵģڿҶʱ򣬲û֣ΪûзӦңҶһ䣺磬
Ȼ˵ҶҶý㣬ǱϾֻ£ԶֱֳƺԷ

Ҷһ仰ʳ֮󣬹ʿԿ϶ᣬԼܿҪȥϴϴ˯ˡ
꣬ǲǱץ𣿡Ҷʵ
仰ӽһᣬʿ֮УѾ˳ˣȥϴϴ˯ˣ
ҶֵؿҶ磬ʲôץˣ
ոи˵ǱץˣЩ˵ʱ˵սԡҶ翴˿ʿȻ˵ҾͺǴˣ
ǲҪˣǶǵؼ֣㲻ǰ˼ģѵ˵ҪһƳҶ꿴Ҷ磬ǵĻǻпܣ
һ⻰ʲô˼
ǵģҲûô룬Ϊͻɺܴ鷳꣬ôҶеǸʵǸ⣬ֻһϰߡ


312 ƯŮ3
ôܼ򵥣ΪܵǴ˵еԺҽҶЦЦһԺ˵
Ҷ˴ʵҶԺҽҽ𣿡
⣬ʶҶ˵˶ʣΪǵӡ֮УҶֻһʿǺ棬û˵漰ҽ
ᣬҺҶ꽾˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲΪҶԺô˵ҲԼõܣҲеҫУңҶ˻Ҷҵ˶ϲҶڡ
Ҷ˼ȵȣѵ˵ոյˡҶͻȻһ£ȻҶĻǸոձԼץסʣԼоҶ˺ʣҶ
ֲãֲ˵㣬ˡʱ򣬻ԼЧҶ˵ĻǾͲˣֻҪһˣܶ˶Ӧ
ȻˣҶ˺ٻȥˣûУոյˣĳɷֶһ㣬żԱԼǺбҪģҲΨһ˵ʱ̡
ҶĴţѰҶ˵Ӱӣһĵ˵ʲôˣ磬ûпҶˣոճéͻȻ֮亰ʲôأ

ҶĬȻҶˣ˵ôҶ˲ˣ˭뵽ͬһˣ
֪ץҶ꿴ӦΪҶ粻֪ʵ
ʱ򣬼Ȼʿôھһ֪Ҷ˺ʲôطҶ£Ҷ˻ϵһ
ˣǿץ𣡣ʱҶ˽߻ʻָҶ˵
˳Ĭ
Ҷ˵ĳĬΪǸ㲻ô£ôҶ
ҶĳĬΪҶ˵Ժڻֱ治Լ˭ҲǣԸٶ۷ӦûֱǺģ˵ϸһ㣬Ҳпܻһ
ʿĳĬƺѾûбҪ˵ˡ
СԺϸ˭߹ѾҶ˵ߣץ˵š
Ҷ꿴߹֮У¶һֲˬСߣֳûռ
㷢ˣˣ
߹Ҷ꣬¶һʤЦݣ˵ǳսһСʤ
Ҷ˿˿Ҷ磬ȷݣֻǡ
Ҹո˵ˣ

ҶȷǣҶǸոЮԼŮķ棬ڻûп
ϸҶ߹ͬʱ˵
Ҷһκϸؿһ£Ȼһ𰸡
ϸһƯŮ
䡭
˵
飡
Ҷ߹̲סҶ˵Դһ£ʱĺ뿴Ҷ˵Դʲôģôѵɸ㶨ƫƫЩ򵥵飬Ժġ
ʹǸңҶ˱ͷеԴ˱ʾ飬һŲҪԶµŮ
ҪȥСԺѵ磡ҶһѽҶҶˡ
磬ö֡ѵҶˣƺ˼䣬ǣȻûһӽϵ
ʮ㲻ǵý㣡Ҷ˵Ҳѹ㲻ʶңһʱ䲻࣬ôûˣ
ҶܹɣҶҵһܺõɣһ磬ܻΪҵɣ
ҶˣֻҪýҹˣʵϣýĻܻǵøһ㡣
ԭý㣬ֲҾ죡ҼǵģҺܺõģ׽㻹á
ҶǰĻҶһǵãҲùʿ֪ˣԭǹӵý㣬Ͽϴϴ˯ˣ
ףǵڼ˵ϴϴ˯ˣ
˵ʲôҶ겻ˣҶ˺Ļܲˬ⻰ʲô˼ǶԼĲ
˵ýҪ׽㻹ãҶƺûз⻰⡣
㻹˵ҶĶͷߡ
ôˣΪʲô˵ҶԻʵ
˵׽㻹ã˵Һö𣿡Ҷƽ˵˭֪Ǳǰһ
ǣԲǣҶ˵ķӦܿ죬ӦĻͻᱻҶᣬһ㣬֪ġ
ôã׽㰡˵Ƕ㣬ʹûжҺùС󶼿ˣý㻹ҪٺܶࡣҶʱͻȻúܾеİĶ̧סҶǹڡ
⻹࣡Ҳǲ㣬һֱǸʲôһѧԺҪΪľӢҪ̳мҵЩ飬ҶˣʵҲΪҶʱͻȻúһɫ˵š


313 ܣ1
ҲΪܿЦΪһʱĸд
Ҷ˵£ҲڴĴۣǱҪΪԼļŬţȻҶҶܼ֮µҲܶ࣬ɴʲôܵģȴٺ٣
ҶҶԽǵĴĵӾͻԽأǲҪչ˼壬Ҫչ˵ܵá
Ŷԭôΰ󣡲ûаҲһҶ˴˵

ҶȻûģƺǺģʵûҶˣǵĴ㣬ǻ
ȻҲǷǵչˣҶ˲ʲô˵ʲô˵ķôͱĻ
У㣬ҲΪװȻôμʲôᡭһ룬ͶҲǵĵˣ
ҶҲˣԼӦòлһѧԺҶѧԺĲǰʮģǵһҲǰ
ǵĶλҲȷøԶ
ˣҲлһѧԺײ˵Ĵʱпܽһ
㣬˵ʱҪΪ˼ѧԺΪѧԺӼ壿ʱһܺ棬ôѡǶͽҶеֻغ
ΪҶ˵ΪеΪм˸е
ҵĻҿܻѡȨμӱҶ緢仰ҲǺܶ뵽Ľ취
ҵ飬ģҶһ²ؼ߸߹ӣĻҲȷ֤һ㣬Ǳʲôӣ޹ء

ҲǣСҲҶ˷ҲˣʱҶһ
û£ֲǼҵˣ˾ͺݺݴˡȻ㱻򣡡Ҷ˺ܲӵģһС̡

СҪ쭣ջѡˣԴߵߣҹˣ
Ҳҹ˯ȥҶҧҧ˵
Ҳó͡С̺ߵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǲУ׼ƤУ
ÿ𣿡
ȻͻڵˣҶν˵֪Сǲǳ˯һʲôǡ
СʱҪɶҶˣֻ²֡
Ǹ̾СǿҶûûεĻ쵰
ط˯ˣˣΪǾͲҪƽˣҵͷϣ䱾ˣκҶ˸ֶҡͷ̾Ϣš

һγĬȻΪҶڿӣΪǾ仰⻰˼ڸ߱ˣΪҶһ

ƯŮ
ܵܣô˵˵ýˣҶе˵ƺ뵽Ҷ˵ĻӦһе
ýûҲһ֮䲢ûйϵҶ˴˵߼
ý£֤ҶͲŮ
ʮҶ˵ˣֻΪ֪˵Щʲôźá
СΪǲģҶҶһ£û˵
ŶΪİý㣬áҶһ׵ӡ
ʲôʲôף
ҶаӲˡ
ûֻһᣬǡ磬ôǶϵģҶȻ֪һᣬΪֹûŪʼĩ
ӦǸ壬ʲô죬ȻҺ͹ʿǰ֮ìܣҶһ飬ܿ뵽ǹģΪŻ
壿ǲǸͺġҶ˵
ǽҪͺͷһģ߹ҶĻ
ţʶ𣿡ҶͷȻеɻˣҶ˵Ҫͺй
ʶǺ͹ʿҲǶΪȻĴҹ㣬ôڴ϶ֶŵģҶЦԼΣȫǸĹϡ
ʿĬ
㣬ҹ˼ԭҰҶʱ򣬷һ䡰ˡĻ
ꡭ˶̲סҪЦеҪЦ


314 ܣ2
߹ûЦⲢҶ꣬ҪǻƽʱĻһȱЦøģֻʱЦΪһҲ
ոҶ˵ˣҶ˵ҰҲͬˡ
Ҷе죬ҪҶˣһβԼ̨
ȣý㣬˵飬ܣ߹ʱƽϢ
ġҶ翪ʼ򵥵˵һ飬Ϊʲô￪ʼ
Ҷ߹ԭʱ򣬶Ϊ֪ԼҲҪΣԼڼҶ֮󣬾Ͱˣȥ֪ͨ
ǣҶ˵ͬʱҲȥ֪ͨһ´ʿӣǿ԰ĵļͬʱҲҶϢ˵һ£ϾҶҲеһԱ
Ҷ˵Ǹʱһ˿϶Ӧ˹ǼˣԣҾҪˣҵ˫նŵݶơ
ʿǰǾˣΪƻݶҵģץǡ
ǡ
ĴţѾΣҺһΣҵû¡ҶΪĬͬʱһʱ֪顣
˵ԺõƣҺ񡭡ҶҶ˵Ļ֮е˵ţĻ֧֧ûиġ
ӣʱһ·׼űõȥ
Ҷ˿һ·ֳĿƣȻ˵İɣ
ǣѾˣϵģҡҡͷش
⵽ĸ쵰ҵƵ˭˭ˣΪʲôһһԼһҶ˿ʼ¶һģԼһ
ҶĬ
飡Ҷ߹ͬʱҶһ£ȻǲΪҶ򱧲ƽΪ
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ʮҶ̲סˡ
Ҷ˻عͷҶ磬ʵʲô£
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Ҹոʲôû˵˯ȥҶֱһ仰Ȼˡ

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ܵܣ㻹û˵Ĺ£˯Ҷ׷˹ȥҪոյĻ⡣
Ҫ˯ˣ컹ҪҶ˵ҵĶС
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ǺðɡҶͷôҶţҶĵܵܣƽʱһ᲻ԡ
ڽļˣ߹С̣еʹҶ˼ȴ֪ǲӦõġ
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ֻνȢţȢţȢİˣֻҪһűţûпǹ
⣬ǰҲһֻȢһţԼһӵţ
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òƣ߹һжǷϵģȢûиˣȢ
˵ҶæЩ飬С̾ͲһˣͿֱӵȥҶˣȻ˵С̶ҽϤȴףһЩһЩҩʤΡ
ңҶҲԽСһҽļɣС̿԰æһ£䲻񰢶ΪһҽʦһʿǾʸġ
Ǽ飬Ҷȥ˯ʱ򣬻һС£Ҷ˵ȷһС£ҶŮӣȴǱҪŪĴ飡


315 ܣ3
ܵܣôСӰģ˯һҲˣϴ裬ȥéһǵʲôϵҶ꿴ҶС
Ҷ˵ʱԷҶС˯һ飬ҶŮѾӰµе֪ⲻżһ죬ÿһ죬֮Уÿ춼ˣ
أ۶Ҷ˵߹˵һŪ飬һҶ˵Ļشǲ⣬ǾͻҶ˺ÿ
ʲôʲôϵҵСô򵥰Ҷ˻ص
֪СҶնˣǲǴҶҵļţ˵仰ҶĻһж˳£ֻȴ߹˾е졣
Ǳ˻ù죬˵ҶڲˣҶ߹ˣһҲùˣҲ˳µġ
߹ѾҶҵˣλ֮λ֮͸Ӳȥ˵ˣ
Ҫ˵գֶҸģҵռһ㣬ҪԡԿûҵĺУҵģҶҵļţʲôϵģҶ˲ô˵ƺûб⡣
ֶģأ߹ʵҶ˵һЩѡӡ
û֡Ҷҡҡͷص
ĸĸûиȡ֣Ҷʵ
ȡ˰Ҷ𣿡
㲻˵ȡ𣿡
ǰ
ô˵ĸȡã
Ҿĸס

Ҷ꼸Ů˺ܳʱ㶣ȻŷӦȫͬĿɿڴʵ˵ʲôĸף
ţҾĸף
ŮʱĬ
ܵܣҲ̫ǿ˰ɣѵʱѾˣҶҶ˵ļ򣬡߽㣬Сĸ˭

ܵҲô˵˵ȥҶôܻôŮ̫ˣ
ʲô㣬ӻ˵ĸײ˼ҴģҶ˺ǱӵؿҶ꣬ƺûԼҲǰ
ʲô˼֪㴴ģĸ״ģҶҶ˵ļ򣬴ֵ˵ţ߽㣬ʲôģôôͳˣ
½֮ϣŲ壬˵壬ɳڣһҹ֮ͳˣ
˵Ȼе㲻˼飬ҶҲûпӵôһŮ
ǿ壬һô󣡣Ҷ˻شҲ֪ǱûƢûзڡ
壿ôô֣Ҷ֣û˵֡
ʱСͻȻ˵ˣ˵𰸡
֪ˣСܣҶ˴Ǹܣ̫ǿˣȻһܵӣͺһ
ܣܣҶ꼸Ů૵žһ󾪺
ôܣһˣǿܡ
ǺСͱŮоˣǸһֱڻʵݣԽоԽǲţ
ֻΪСʵ̫ˣҶ˽޷죡
ҶˣûƭǣСҲһʿҲһʲôһСһˡ
ƭʲôʲôƭģ㿴λãһťֻҪһַͿСʼֹ쳣ģҶ˵СｫԼ½⿪¶ġ
ãȫŮȻСͳԿˣһܣҲԿˣ
أôҲֻزҶŮûע⵽һ㣬ֻȥѰҶ˵ǸťֻȴôҲҲ
ôҲ治Ǻһ͹İťҶ˵
ʲô顭һͻ𣬾ûбˣѵ˵Ҷһ죬ҪȥҶˡ
һˣȻװťһȫʵĵطҶ˻˵˵һƽ飬⻷仰ܲʺϡ
Ҷ˵Ļ֮󣬼Ů糺죬ȻǾȫ֣Ҷ˾һ򡭡
ɫǣ
å
ɵϣ

ºҶ˲ûǸťΪǸǽʹõģҶŮҲСһܣӺܶ෽涼ֻ֤аť֤
ͱ˵СԵô˵ԥѵ·һܺõ֤ټԶ˯ϲȵһзԣ֤
û˻뵽棬ֻҪ룬ͻԽԽǣ



316 ǰ׼1
ʦҶҪʲôʱŻҪʥ׼ˣһѧԱʴʿӡ
Ѿǽ֮ĵʮ죬ҶŮӣڵһȥԺ֮󣬾ҲûлƺѾĿġ
ѵûнв˵ҪȥʥǵڳˣҲһûг֣
ǿԽʥڳǣǴڳѾˣԴ½ѧԺĲ飬ھһȷ֮󣬲ſǰʥڳ׼
Ϊ飬ȻŲһȨ
֪ʲôʱҲõǣֱȥʥ棬ŲҪԽ룡ʿüҲôػص
ѧԱ棬ʵΪʲôʥǲǲ⿪ŵģǻȡȨſԽ룡ȿٽ𣿡
ʿҡҡ֣˵Ҫȣѵ֪ʱϢʲô𣿻УҶǾû𣿡
Ϣģ˭ѧԱ֮Уеûע⵽һ£ΪһϢǣֻһͨȵġ
ǹʿһһ߼Աŵؼʵʿ˵
ʲôǰɡѧԱе⣬൱⣡
Ҷ磬һ֪һ£߼ĹʿȵĽɫҪʱʥǣʲôѵģʿ˵
Уûע⵽ʿҶ˵ĳƺ𣿶ùƣǹʿʥǶһǳҶΪӣǽҽǴ𾴵ģ
ѧԱ֮еһ˵ͷ˵ţûҶ𾴵֮һ⼸죬Ҳ˹Ĵ˵ҽѾһľ磬ûκ˿Ժĵλ
ǰ˵ҶһţԴ˻е㱣һβòˣ
ţһΣҶѧԺٿ棬ʵȡʤ
Ҷȡʤһ㣬ƺû˻ȥɣЩѡ֣Ҳһ޷ʵЩ֪Ҷʵˡ
ʿһȽϡеְҵҶ㣬Ѿûκ˿Ҷվһ߶ȣҶһģЩʿͶѾܴˣȻѧԱġ
ʱ򣬲̶Ķ飬ѾȵĶ飬ҶҶһҶ˵飬֪Լһ֮Уһʿ
ȻҲ֪һ£Ҷ˲ô似ħңһԵķϲģ
ʱѾûκ˸ȥЦһϲģΪ˭˵Լ˲ţʤϲģ
ûжħôѾһӢۣǿԼʲôأ
½Ƚעضħϲݣиҵ֮еĽܳǿߣȻǻõ˵𾴣ҶģʿȻȽϡ٣ȴҲǱȽ˹עġ
ҽģǲ˵ˣⶼʲôħκãһиʲô֢ģҪЩҽʦ
Щ֮УһЩ˱͹עҶˣϢ֮ǵķӦҲǸвͬеĸˣеķ߷߲ƽеġ
ֻͬķӦǣ𾪣
Щ֮УǰĹ̶飬һѧԺ۹ѧԺյĻʼѧԺǶҶ˸ӹģΪǵĶ֮УʶҶ˵ˣ
Ϊ¼ĺģǵҶͬѧԴһ㶼ֻԺ֮Уֵ˵ǮȻѴѵĻǮ˵Ĳκá
ҪΪҶβǲǮģոպ෴ǺܻǮģҪĲϣлкܶġ
Щ϶ʥṩģʥǵĲϲֿѻ˼ǧ꣬Ҫж٣ʲôĲϣҵõ
Ҷ˶ĽЩܼӶûа취򵽵ģΪЩûеġ
ЩϣҶʹõģҲȡκεķãҶȴҪռˣõȼ۵Ļ߸м۵ĽǮȥչ
ͬʱҲʥǵ˰æȥչϣѾյĽָֿʼֻĴ󲿷ֶҽõϡ
ʽԴͲ˵ˣܶ˵ڵѪ
ҲΪҶ˶ԼĲϣҲͲǷʥǵ飬ԺҲҪȥһΣֻʥǷ顣
ʱ룬ܼҲһĺô٣ܼǴҪǷ˵飬ֻб˿ǷܼӣȻųˡ
ҶİܼӣԼǮܼҵģʱôİܼӣѾһ磡޷ľ磡
ҶǮҲһڽףǷ׺ìܣǲƽҲǹƽġ
Ҫÿ˵뷨ÿ˵ļֵۣ


317 ǰ׼2
˻һǮԼǾԹƽģҪ˵ʲôЩ˾Ͳһˣͻá
ƽΪʲôһͭҶҪǾҪѴѵĻңһҪǮˣòƽǿѵʱӾòƽˡ
ЩļǮ󣬵ԹԵˣûпˣ
ƽͲҪȥҽһȥҶ˻ûз˺Ѿˡ
ǲҪǮ֪֮ۡǰ˵Ϊ˵ˣһڲҪǮġ
ҲҪŲ٣Ը⻨ֻҪκҵĲǮʲôǸҽǰЩûǮƵˣҸģ͵ҵǮ£ҿƻ£˺ǲм˵
ʱ˾ͻ֣֮ᷢǰòƽģҪƻµģ˵ͷʣǺʤʤĲֹһ㡣
ҲǱȽ϶һˣûǮȥһЩǮ£ȥеķʽȥ£ǲԸ⣬ǻǮĻǾԸġ
ȻЩ֮УЩԸ񣬶Щ˾ھ֢֮£ģЩҲǼװġ
ô˵ǶǮģԸⲻԸ⣬װģǵƾҲһǲɷϵģ
һ񼫵һΥĵĺ£Ҳһ£
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ܶʱǶЩԵôĺҲǻ£ĻҲǺ¡
˭˵ҲҽģֻǺ֮ǰѾû˵ˣԹԵĽǮʵҲ׼ֻ̲סɧ
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ǰҽ㻹Ǽɡ

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ȱ𳳣Ҷһ䣬ȻģҲֳÿ˶ؿҶˣҪҶ˻˵ʲô
ҽʦʵֻǼְģ᳤ڼѾô£ˣҽʦ԰ﵽңҿԹˣҶ˻˵ţƽҲһ
仰Ҳ˴һ飬һרְҽʦҪԶ˵ôõҽѾһˡ
Ȼ£û˻ỳɣǰĻ˻ɣרְҽʦôôߵҽ
أҶҶ˽⣬֪һŵʿҶҵİܼӣǰûҽڴǰûй
һߣҶҽĴŮ㣡
Ȼ֪һ㣬ʲôȥҶ˼أ
˵òһҪҪſԵĻòʥǵҽʦѾõҶ˵ĴڣѾӦ󲿷ֵĲˣʣµֻǼˡ
ˣлҵҶ˵ĻҲһԵõҶ˵ľΣһ㣬˶Կ϶
һҪҵ飬ҪȥһҺҪˣ⼸ȴһֱΪΪΣٴˣλ֮һҪȥˣҶ˼˵š
˭˭кҪˣ
⣬źܶҪʣȴûʳҶ˵˽£ʲôȥأ
λҽҪȥμ𣿡¿ʣҲǴҺҪ֪ġ
ȻĿ֮һΪ˲μλȻҲôϲҪûа취Ҷ˰ڰ˵
ǻȥ˶˵
ллҵ֧֣ڸոյ֪ͨʵҲҪ̫ţǰº飬ʱҪҵĻһʥ棬ȥҾУҶ΢ЦţԴұʾлл˶֧֡
ŶҲôŵģ
ʱƺŷֵ⣬Ƕǰ֮飬ڳκ˶йϵģ
ǸʱԼĲѾ㶨ˣ
֮󣬵ܵܣǶѾǿʱ㲻Ӧ𣿡ҶϢеʣҶ˾ûʱȥ׼顣
뻹ȣûʲôֱҪȥ׼ĻһȥûµģҶ˲ôػصһڰ顣
˵Ҳǣ㲻Ҫ׼ǻҪǰ׼һ£ֶô򵥿ӦģҶü


318 ǰ׼3
ţȥɣѾ˴кˣʱԽʥǣҶ˵ͷⲢΪǵܵΪ
죬ȥҶ˵
Ҷ꣬仰Ѿ˵ˣǲȷҪȥ߹һ߷˵ģҶ⼸춼˵£ÿεڶһ磬ֱˣֲȥˣҪȥ
ʲô£бȥҿû㣡Ҷܲм˵ȫû߹Ĵ̼һССķ
߹ָ˼£Ƥ˵û˵Ҫߣ˵ģҲ׼ȥ׼ҪȱʼҶһȥ
ҶĬû뵽߹Ȼ׼ʱС̡
С̼Ҷ꿴Լһ£ȻŷӦңҲҪģҪ׼ҲǺҶһġ
Ҷ߹ͬʱĬƺûһ㣬ľС̣ΪҶһģֻҪҶ˾УҪκεĽڣ
СߣҲӦȥμ顭ҶеĽ˵
ǰȵȣ뵽ˣһ취ǿһġ߹ͻȻ뵽һ飬Ľʼɺޣ˷ܡ
Ҷе㲻⣬߹˺һᣬҪʲô취
ǡ߹Ҷ˵˼֡
ҶۿʼǾ񣬺ܿ죬˷ܵ˵ţŶôû뵽ô
˵ʲôҶС̶е㲻ףŮӣϾԻı顣
ǣСߣ߰ɣȥҶصЦȻ߹ˣȻȥ뷨Ҳûˣƺһ̶ȥͣ
˵뷨һڴ뷨ʱһҶһľϲ
ţڸʲôҶ˴ؿſڣѾʧȥҶ߹ӰĵطһߵС̣ϣԵõ𰸡
Ȼˣõ𰸵ļǺãģǲʵֵģ
ҡ֪Ƕû˵СҡҡͷãȻû˻ȥɵģ
ˣˣʱˮڣҶŴݾľȻٶһ㣬ÿҶľûʲô飬Ѿϰˡ
ţҲẦ㣬ǿ᲻á㣡С̵ͷ˵
С̵Ļ֮ʱҶҡҡͷ̾С߻˵㡭ʱûзִ磡ˣ׼
ţС̵ͷ˵
ҶС̻Ǽ漣Ҷ˾һڳǣڱһССı䶯һ˵ǺôҶ˶Ծһͷʹ顣

֮ʥڳʽ⿪ţҲһƣƻǱȽϵ͵ģͨ˵ûģ
ʥƵĶһЩС֮ͽʮֻ֮ҪǰƵģᱻʥֹ⣬ǣر֤
ˣֻͨҪû񣬶ǿԽʥǣʥ֮УרŵдʱԱ
ʥ˵ȻǿˣǲᵡκεĿˣҪٵķãʥǲȥǣ
Ϊǲƴ֣ͬΪǵĲƲʣڴ½طͽֻǰǵĹóһСֶѣ
һ㶼ԸóʥǾͲڣʥҲôͽ
Ȼˣʥǵˣò˵һϢʡȥ˺ܶෳգΨһ˾е㲻ǣ˶ͳһţûѡȨֵʲôطʲôط
ȻνĲ㣬ҲЩסʵطĹ帻Ҳûзȥ˵ЩʲôϾʥǣǰ׵ĵط
ʥǵڳǵķֽ㣬ʵʥɽɽţӽɽʼʥǵڳ򣬼򵥵˵ʥɽʥǵڳǡ
ʥڳǳҪɽڰɽ֮￪ʼһֱɽʥڳǳԽ棬סŵҲԽ߼ӦҪ̶ҲԽߡ
ʥǵڳǣҲŶĸĳţӦǴĸĵ·ƽʱĸŵİԱҲǺǿܶģھ͸ǿˡ
ÿǵˣҪи֤ҲֻҪһ֤Ƿ㣡
Ҷھ֮⣬һȺŶǣûʹȨ룬ֻҪԼ֣ͻ˷С
Ҷ˵˵ǣһܼӣһзӵܣҲ飡
ʵϣС̶ԴһͣΪ֪ԼȨȻĻˣŶӵȺ


319 Ŷӣ1
СΪʲôҶҪŶӣΪΪҶ˾ҪŶһ£
ȻҲҶ˾֪ҲһŶӣ˵ҲһȤ
ȤҶˣӵȷģʲôȤһ̫ɹһСʱˣһᱻɹɰˡһߵСһִϵ̫˫̫Ĵ̼֮£СС졣
Ҫɰģѣһ˽⣬ƾһ⣬ǲڵģҪµĻñӵ㺦±ɰһģҶóһǿɰñӣС̵ͷϣûõĶûбߡ
ʱҺð²ڵĻһˣǱһ̲ģ
ʲôñӣףƯģϲС̽Ǹñ˵ҶΪʲô˵һҸԼñӣñӺ۾ͷˣ
֮УͿԿóñӿɰĳ̶ȣСֻϲԵģôϲģͶЩһ
ñƺҲʺС̣һֻСԲֺģʮֿɰ
ҶˡС⣬Ҷ˵ӣһӡ
Ҷ˿СӣͰڰ֣˵͸ˣǸģزС࡭
С̶ʱĬϷΣа࣬ӵģУôҵ̥ǡ
Сû˵ֻΪ֮ϣҶ˷ִ֮ͥ£ǲģ
飬ôڴ֮ͥ˵أ
Һãûע⵽Ȼˣ
һжСƺҲôҪںǣҶ˾ȻǵԼԼ׼Ȼ˵Ҳͳ֤ǵԼ
ģǵøҲҸĲˣСЩ˿˿˵ţñӴãҶǰһơ
ȻҿĵĺˣҶ˺õ˵
˵˵ô뵽ҵģСˣܿͺ⣬Ҷû˵֮ǰѾںˣΪţҶ˵Ļشһˣ
Ǹʱ㻨Ǯ֮󣬾뵽ˣҶ΢Ц˵ЦݺǲȻ
һ뵽˭ȻپʲôҶȫһһѶ֮ڻп֮ܵ£Ż뵽Ҫ˵
Ҿ֪ССֹһ䣬ҲͲ˵ʲôˣΪ˵ʲôô
٣֤ôһǵԼ
˼ŶӣһȺǰȺʵйģҶڵȴСʱ֮󣬲ŵǰġ
Ҷ˵ĺ棬ǶǿֲСʱܽ룡
С̾ӦңԼһģһĻʱͻˡ
ʥǿʼŵĳڣ̫ӿ룬ҲʥʼϲģҲû뵽ͽʥôǡ
ϸҲǣʥϴοѾǰˣǼѵһģȻкܶҪ֡
Ҷ˿Ҫȴмʮ׾ʱ򣬼ܸ߰ŮߵҶ˵ߣһҶС̣Ȼǲмͷ
ʱҶ˵·˵ǱȽģǰŽ»·֮ǰѾȫ׸֮ˣϴģ˺ġ
Ȼ˵ЩҲǺӣҶǰģźܴĲ࣬򵥵˵ڹ帻˵ǱȽͨģǲġ
Ҷһֱæ飬ټڴʵûʲôҪǰЩ߼ΪҪܼҵĽŻᴩõģҪõġ
Ϊͱ˸ˣСֻͨĹ壬ոǼŮ໹еԵġ
ˣǾյ⼸Ů߼ıӣ
ֻǣ⸽˱Ҷ˲ĺкܶ࣬Ҳ֪⼸Ůǲǲмڱ̫ģҶ˳̫˧˶ʼɣͱѡˣ
ȻˣҶԼģ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭҶ˺˵нˣ⼸ŮͲҶ˵ǰ飬ҲˣҪԼݵĸ߹ҪõһȨ
ߣ
һŮģܲмؿһС̣֮Ƚһ£С֮СȽϣԱ
ֻǣԽС̱ȽϣԽǷ֣ҲһеԱ
С̵·ȻȽͨһ㣬ĴŴȴһζеģŮʵһ֣ԽԽ
ȻӺٻͣȴˣԣ


320 Ŷӣ2
ʱŮģѾҪͷضˣֻңԼҪǳҪǸŮӵĻҪ
ʱ򣬳ŮģļŮŮҲ⣬ССҶˣͨˡ
룬Լһβӣһģ
ţʶЩ𣿡Ҷ˿һ¸߰ļˣͷС̵Щʶˣύϴ
ʶСҡҡͷҶ˵Щҡͷо⼸˶Լ⡣
ŮǶʼɣеģе˵ˡ
ŶʶǾͺðˣǲǲԵģ뿪ɡҶ˿ǼŮ˵
ߣǲǵң֪ôһߵ۾صʮȽ¿Ҷˣ߰ĺܡ
ĲǿȥΣҶ˿Ǹ꣬Ϊеҿࡣ

Ҷ˿Ĭļˣ˵˵ʲôǵǿߣΪԼеݣͿзģԹŶȥ
ߣǺܲмͷҶͼˣǺǲмм˵
ԴˣҶҲǲмЩ˵ֻǶǰʿвӵˣǴߣ
˳Ĭ
ʿΪ˭ʿҲԽеö𣿡Ǹ߰ЦӵĿҶˡ
Ϊʲôвǲά𣿡Ҷеֵʵʿ˵̫ˣноͻ֣ԣ;úΪʲôС
ʿŲҪάҲЩС򣡡겻мʮȽǿҶˡ
Ҷ˲֪ʿһ㲻ЩС飬ͨе飬ֻ顣
ŶˣЩ˸ߡҶ˵

Ǽ˳ĬƺˣҶ˸ûаǷֿĻǶԼҲ
ĲҲǱȽϳģ嶼ϲ飬Դһ˶һֻ۱һֻۣȥˡ
˼ƽϵĻǾͿܻʥֳһìܣǲõģ
Сӣ֪˭𣿡꿪ʼҶˣǶȿʼˡ
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ĬһᣬȻ΢ŭ㣡Ұǻƹ⣡
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ӦǵģȻҲô˵С̵ͷݳжϣֻ˵Ұʲô˵ģӦöǺţˡ
ƹǰ۹Ĵ󽫾ͳ켸ʮӣţţʱһи˰Ҷע˻ƹ
ŶǰģҶȻǼ˹ǰӵߵ˵ǵϰǻʵۣҲһ
ˣҰǻʵۣһŮ˵һϰǻʵ۵ġ
ǿ⼸˸ϳȥȻӣΪǺ޳ܵģҶָǼŮѾĹ˵
ҶˣǴһ£ԣʶҶ˵ģǲףҶôŶӡ
Ҷ˵ݣ㶼Խ
ã⼸ԼӣȻ˵ǲӣʲôˣǵĸǵ۹Ļʵ۴󳼴󽫾һ𣿡
ںܶʱʱ򣬶һСȸ״
޳ܣǽˣҶ˱һ£ȻǼ˵
ʱЩŮҶ˵ĻеҪЦһܺЦЦΪЩôҶ˽ԼŶԡ
Ǹߣ˵ʱǵĻеģ˲֪Ķ˭ҲǼŮᡣ
ǣǸߣȻӣмһŮ˵ָҶˣŵӡ
ЦţǼźţϰֵŮ꣬ʾ⣬뿪
ǼŮе㷢㶣Ժһᡣ
ǵô£˵ǣôԸǣŭʵ
ߺߣҪӣ㣬ҪҪʥǣͲαعӣߵǲмؿǼŮ
˵ĵطٶǼŮһӣϾǻʵ۴󳼵Ůһǰ۹κεطӵġ
ֻǣʥǣʥǲͬ۹ЩǶصڽҪκӡ
˵ӣôŶӣ㲻ֱӽȥ𣿡Ҷˣеʵ
Ҫñ֪ҶԼŶôãԼᱻ˸ȻҲԼ顣


321 ˣ1
ֱӽȥҿҶŶӣŶˣҶ˴˵

ڹˣҶ˹Ȼ紫˵еԺ֮ǰʿ˵ֱȥʥǣȴΪŶӣôõĶ顣
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ʲôˣΪʲôʵ
ҽӣ˵ԺҽǲѵЩֻ˵Լϰ˭𣿡ǰǴ𾴣ξǼȵĲмӡ
Ҷܵ˵𾴣ΪԼΪκ飬֮£⼸Ůͱμ׾
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Ҳܹ˭ֻѡ˲ʣײҶˣ
ǾǣӵˣԶ㣡Ҷڶ֮˷ܵؽеƺû뿪˼
ҶˣȷҶ˻ҪŶӵʱ˵ˣӣ㻹Ŷʲô
ŶӽǰҶ˻ش
ʱôҪŶӣݵλôŶԡ
㻹Ǹǽǰɡ˵
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ǾͽȥɣҶ˵ͷȻŶģһ̤ʥɽ֮ϵʥǣ
Ҷڽʥ֮ڳеĵ·֮УɽǵĽϵĺ˸оǺг
ʥǴ˼ǧ꣬Ҳ˼ǧ޿޵ĵزȻҲͱ
Ⲣһ˾ͿģеţҲһ޷ĳУ
ҶҪ飬˹⣬һҪ飬ǾҵҶѧԺסַҵҶˡ
ҲҺãҶ߻С̣ԴǰĿĵأȻĻҶȻ뿪ܵʥǣҲһܻܵĵط
ܿ죬ҶС̾ڹĴ֮£һȽϴԺ䣬ţʥ֮УǱȽϴģ
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ÿʥǶԴ½ĽЩĻۣϽͽҪһ½ǣ
Ϊǧ׵ķ䣬ԣҲвѧԺ鶼ס棬󲿷ѧԺϲסһ䣬Էӻࡣ
ЩѧԺ飬ûΪλ⣬кõĻϲĴʥطĿ˶һĶԴвĶԴ
ˣҲһصĳ棬ѧԺ鲢ǰһǿֵıȽһǿһ
ңǿҲûзֱȫһģ
ҶˣҶˡ
ѧԺݳƺΪѧԺ⹬֮УһȽżĺݺһ㡣
˭ںҶˣҶΪһС߹֮󣬾ͣһߵҶ
С̵Ҳ𣿡Ҷǲм˵ƺ׶Σûг뿪
ԭС̣ڽҶʲôҶֲȵȡ߹˵˵ţͷӦ˹Ҷꡣ
ʱҶҲڿ߹
ͬʱ˵ãܵܣҶˣֲˣ
С̣еһУСڵĵط
Ҷ˲ˣСô֣Ը񣬲ôİ֮ǰ˵
Կ϶һ㣬ҶһﲻģȻС̲Уǻֱӻ֪ͨȥҡ
С̣ǲֲˣҶܿС̵ǰǸʱС̻ĴѰ˫һҶ˵֡
ǰոսûãһգ۹ͲˣҾʲôطѡС̵ͷҶˣҲһ㣬Ҳò˶١
ͷң
ڴʱ˿̣Ҷ߹ˣȫûκԹС̵ĻΪ֪ԼҲһҶ˸òǻ᲻
ˣЩʲôΪʲôΪʲôôС֮ĻֱʡԵȥ˲Žʵʵġ
ڻǸոտʼȥһȻĻ֪ܵʲôطˣ


322 ˣ2
ʣûпһһŮ
ҶŮǷͷѰң˵һȴкǿҾеĹ֮УǵһҶ˵ĶС
ڻҪʱˣ߱Ҷ˵ҺãʱҶһСĿԺܶ࣬ǰĻǾ͸鷳ˣ
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ȥҡŮͬʱ˵Ȼͷȥҡ
ѰҵĹ֮УҲ˸߹ǹҶ˵٣ûҵˣܻһҶ˴
ʵϣҶһֱѧԺȥҶʧۣ֮ʱںܽܽľ룬ȴ
ҶһʼʱҪȥҶСǣ˺һУϹ䣬ŹĲֵƣŵ
ҶˣôˣҪ㣿Ҷ˹ŵʱ˽ϳˣ̴š

Ҷ˿űϵǽڣãȻת뿪ƺûոյ
װ㣬㲻ҽĻһû꣡Ҷ˵ǰ棬Ƿŭغš
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аǰڵʱ㻹һȥģҶ˵ͷشð»޲Դ͡
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ǰƤҿҿʲô취ҶһܸҽʦȻ»˲⣬ǾҪĽˣֻǡ
ȥǰƤ»û˵½ûУҲܽƤɫ֤
»ֻǺһ㣬ҲǺڵ̫࣬Ծ͸˵ˣ
ŶǾû취ˣ㲻֤ǰƤʲôģô֪û˵ѣҶ˰ڰ֣Ȼ׼ת뿪

»ҪԼǹڻʵûа취ȥҶ޳ܵɡ
øڵ֤֤˭첻
Ҷˡ»ķ
ңƤһʲôϵʱƤһȥȼزˣûһģҶ˺ܲͷ˵۶ûп»һ¡
˵ʵ»еǸΪƤĴεľҪ˵ǰãҪȥףѾˣ
УҶ˵ĵһ£ȻǸлҶ˵İæ˶֣˹顣
Ҫ˵ЩˣǴҶ뿪֮󣬾ûаҶ˽͹˻ҶˣΪҶǲμףȥȢС檡
˵֮ǰûԣΪںͿɯڣǻܵģڹȥ֮ûн¼ûнͣкܴˡ
򵥵˵Ȼ˵㣬Ҳǲֵģ


323 ˣ3
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͵£ҶͻȻʲôһ䡣
ǵģ͵£ؼ͵µͷǽ˵ţԼô࣬Ѿ̤˵ؼľ磬Ȼ֣ȾżҲ߲̫ࡣ
еĵۡǵĸвţǵ۹һʥҶ˲ûע⵽ؼ̶ֻۣȷˣ⽣ʥҵֵ֣ܵʵǹ˼ġ
ͬʱֵܶҶ˵ҲȷеĵۣûɧԼʲô
ʲô˼͵е㷢ŭ
û£ǼһҪҽǣѾͬһѧԺģһҶһ˵ţһ߿첽ˣһȺ
͵Ҫȥ׷ҲһҲɣҵˣҲôʥǣ˶Ҫӵģ
ҶڽӴѧԺֽ֮Ӵ˻ʼѧԺȻûҵҶѧԺ
µǾֻмȥ
ܿģ˿ʼҶˣһΣȻҶѧԺ
ףҶ𣿡һ߹˲ӵĹŮͬʱͻȻһ߿ǽ߹Ҷˡ


324 Ů1
ҶˣҵǸҶ𣿡ͬҲһŮһһŮȻ٣Ǻһ
Ůһ˫򣬺ɫ
һ֮УֻģзģһЩϡٵͣˣг򵫲һܷɣҲҪ忴˶ԡ
ҼǸ˭ôˣѵҵģǹŮһߵͷһ˵ţͬʱҲһҶȥ
ĺŮ˿һ֮ҲŹŮȥ
ҶˣôŮҶ˵ߣؽһûر𣬲¶һϲ
Ҷһһʱ֮ûϳǰĹС˭ȴϤ
ŮҶӣˣС쵰Լˡ
εҡҡͷҲ֪ⲻܹҶˣԼദʱҲ٣ÿζǺüżһ档
Ҷڴһ֮󣬾ͷֱǰĹŮ̵㣡
ŮҶ˵Ķ㣬ǵһѧԺĵط
ã㻹ǵ˭ôˣһ·Ͽǽʲô΢΢һЦҶ˵ʵ
ǽЩĶǿҶ˽͵
ʲôеʵ
һûо͸˼Ҷ˻شͬʱ֪Լ֪ʲôоĽ׶Σ
֪أ㿴Ҷ˵ĸС֮⣬ûŮӰӣҪ˵Ҷ꣬߹ڡ
ڣС̣Ǻ˽⣬ϴμʱС̻ûҶߴţ
ĳطҲ֪ȥæңҾһҹȥҶҪ˳ǽߣ겻Ķ㣬ҲûҪɡ
Ҳû˵ʲôҪҶСһ㣬ҶʱһֱͶϵǸŮ
ɫ֡Ҷ˦˶֣ŮĺɫҪŮ
Ůһ˻ȥŭҶˡ
𶯣ҿҶƺûע⵽Ů̬ȣǼĿģŮĺɫȥ
ֻǣ˼һվҶȥԼĳȻǲܵ飡
Ůڴһ֮󣬾̼󣬶Ҷһ䱸ĶһߵĶ㣬ԥǲҪҶѵĵܵܳ֡
ʱ򣬶ֻǷһƺûзӦҶ˵ַŮĳ򡭡
ҶȴûģϽźͨĶٿǺͨģûκε⡣
ֻȴŮ㶼סˣǿҶ˵һĽӽŮĺɫŮôŬҲãһĽ
ǹ죬ͺŮĳһֱûҶ˵־һȥմ֮ϣ
Ҷˣʲôĳ㲻֮һ˲ֻǣʱѾˣ
Ҷ˲ץסŮĳ򣬾ȻӲĳһīë
Ů㶼һȻͬı飬ͣһŵı顣
Ȼ˶ΪͬһھȷҲΪͬһˣ˵뷨ȴǲͬģ
㡭㣬㾹ȻҵëҡҪɱ㣡ŮָҶˣ϶˵ţѾ˵Ļ
ڳĬ֪ôȥ飬֪ú鷳ˡ
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣҶ˲û򣬻ܲغһ䡪
𳳣

Ҷ˴ʱ˿ѾȫעĿǺɫëϸĹ۲ÿһһϸƺûзŹȻҲ͹ܲϱŮŭ
ŮҪҪһħɣҶӣԥһ£ƺ֪Լëʲôرļֵ
ֻ֪Լëȫ֮УΪĺɫ˶ǰɫΨһĺɫˣ
Ϊɫ飬Ů֪йٵķգһʱ䣬ҪԼĳõٲʾԼ࣬ܵ˵ż
ҶϻһеǸɫëնĹâѣĿΪĻǺɫëһֺɫĹâһֺìܵĹâ
ţҶȥ󣬽ǸɫëСպãŮĳ֮ϡ
ܲȥ
Ů㶼еˣҶ˰ŮëȻҪȥ˿е
ֻصǣɫë֪ô£ȻĲȥˣͺûаιһ
Ů㶼۾ŮԼë˽Լ֪ԭëȻԲȥ


325 Ů2
֮𣬾ȻĴڣһǻġҶ˸ŮëǸп˵š
ŮڴʱϳֺΣųеȫʹһûеĸо
ʵҲһص㣬ǵǵ˸ǱԸȫ
Ҷˡĳ򡭡Ӧ֮󣬾̽Ҷ˵еûؿһۡ
㣬Ǻ֮𰡣ϡеһϣϡУǾ޽еģҶе㲻ؿŮĺɫ˫ڷ⣬ռΪе֮⣬ѾԵ¶ǰ
֮𣿣ʲôŮͬʵǶԴ˶ܹģʱҶ˵Ϊһߡ
֮ǰ鼮пһЩأһֺϡеĺڰħϣڰħѾϡƷˣ֮һ޿ܣĺҲ˵壬֮һҽҩõĲϣЧ
鼮֮ϣû˵ǵĳΪǳʲô֮ǰҲһֱûŪף֪ˣˣԭˡҶ˿ŮǺŮ
ŮٴγĬ
ڳĬ֮󣬺Ůƺе˷ܣֻΪԼĺɫԭֻ࣬ôô
ʱʱҶ˵ΪֱҶԼѣ
С㣬鲻ҵëҪ̫࣬ʮ㹻ˣҶ˿źŮ˫ε˵
áԡŮһʼһ£ȻӦܿͷڣϾǲܵ顣
֮УëǺҪ˵ʮһǿͳģõѣǾֻܵ˲ſõ
ҶˣڸոʶİˣôȨõ
ոպŮֻһʱˣҲ֪ԼΪʲôʹĴӦȻҶİ˵õԼë
ѵ˵ΪոհԼëָԼĳ
Ůȥ룬ֻҶԺԼԶһ㣬ë飬Ǿ͸붼Ҫȥ룡
ֻǣںŮ֮ʱҶѾĳϰʮĶĲ
ŮĬƺû뵽Ҷ˵Ķô죬˵һ֣ͻϽ㶨ˡ
ǸеǣҶڰë֮ͺܸɴĳˡ
㣬ˣллλС㣬´ʲôֱңҶ仰˼ǰ
ŮĬ˺һᣬŷӦ
ʱ򣬺ŮҪȥ׷ҶˣȴѾʧȥҶ˵Ӱӣ֪ȥ׷
ȻܿģҶ˾ͳߡ
ף㣬ûпܵܣЩ˵˵ǳ߹ģҶ꿴ʱ򣬾һкżҶ˵䣬ûȥܶ
еƣԼܵãƺԼĴڣһζģȻԼú˵˵֮ġ
ոջﵷңȥǱˣ֪ȥĸ򣡡ָҶʧķ򣬸һȽģĴ𰸡
ң
ҶûȫŶָŵķȥ˷ֲڵʱ򣬼˱ͷȥѰ
㲻һȥܵ𣿡ŮҲҪȥңֶȴ򶨵վһûжͲ˼ˡ
ҪöȥҶˣȻˣҶ˲Ϊ˵ãҪһѵԵĻҪҪʮë
ˣʧ٣Ҳȥˣ˵ˣ㲻ȥңԼͻֵġҡҡͷƽ˵ţǻǼոյ飬УëͲҪ̫ˣһСɵϣʲô
ΪҶ˽ͣŮҶǺޣȻҲ֪Թ϶ѾˣϣԹСһ㣬ٲ˼Ҷ塣

ҶˣҶˡ
߹Ҷ˵֣ţĴѰҶ˵ӰӣҶһϣԼȶԷҵҶˡ
Ȼˣһϣ֮ϵϣֻҪҵҶˣҲƽôһ㣡
С֪תţҲˣΰ߹૵˵
Ƕ֪Ҷ˾Ҳ֪ԼԶĵطҲ֪ô£ǾҶˣǶеΣ
С߹еغһ䣬йԼĵΣ޴йƸС
߹飬ڲԶȻҶ˵ĻӦ


326 Ů3
߹˴ȻҶ˷ڣ¶һԲ׵ϲ֮顣
Բ׵ģ˿ҵҶˡ
Ҷˣôֵˣ֪֪жൣ㣡߹Ҷ˵ʱָ̾Ҷŭš
ûܰҲǶⷿҶûȥҶе޹˵
߹ʱµȷˣҶʼնû뿪ӣֻǣ̫ˣܵĴ
ûгȥ˰죬ǲԣ߹ߵʹԼһСȨҶȥе
һֱţôҲңҶ˿ϵڻһ䣬˼Ȼŵľ
߹ٴӸոյЩϢ֮УҶ˶֪Ҷֻȥķ䶼ûн
˵ҶǺױҵģ
˭֪ôߵģȻҲ࣬ҪҲһߵˣǺܵͺܵͣǣƫƫֱײˣ߹û˵ţҲ֪ǲǽ
ոһ·Ҷ˵ˣһҶˣ˲ٵʱ䣬Ҷ˵ȴһֱûҵҲǼʵԭΪ
ף󡭡˼Ҷ˲û߹ǿ첽һߣЩľͷ
߹ɻһ£ŲȴûгɣҶߵʱ̸ǰȥҶ˲һɷΧ֮⡣
һƺ̫Զˣߡһã
Ϊ˷ֹҶٴβ߹ǽһûзɣø˶һŮСţʮֵĽ
˭ܶ˶ҪҶȻǸˣȴûжʶ
ȻҲ˹ĵҶɫŮ߹С
ʱҶʲô飬ûжȥˡ
С㣬ʲôأ
Ϊ˧ѧԱ߹Сıϣ˧˧⡭
Ȼˣ⣬𰸺ǲҪģǲ˹ĵģǹĵ߹Сǲǻشǣ˵
߹ûᣬˣһ춼ҪüΣѾᷳˣ֪Ըˣõİ취ǲ˵ᣡ
Щ˵ĻǾܾҲһЩҪĻ⣬ģ
߹Ҳ֪ôȥشҲ֪Ҷʲô飬ֻǸŶѣûκɣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾һǽڴͣȻǵǽڡ
䣡

ǽڷһâ֮ͻȻˣ˭ûϵģҶˣҲ֪Ч
ԭڲοۣûˣڣĵط
ֻǣǽڱӴ֮ȻԶҶҲͷԣʱ̫ˣе㲻ȶˣ
СҲʲôʱǽ֮ڣһűŮòķ䣬ܲɵǣʱڻ·
ǣһĻͳҶ˵ǰһŮֵץ·ؿڣҶ˵Ƿǳŭ
ֻŭںܿͳһ˿ȡ
㣡ŮŭţԣʶҶ˵ġ
˵ʱҶֻҪһǸŮͻˣŮʵʶһˣӦ˵ģϤġ
ңģȻĻҲпܽϲ
ʱҶûŵŮѾ˸ܶ۹ջǰļǾɫòĽС
ô£Ϊʲô󣿡ҶüŵǿʼĹâĴɢȥĿ׵ĳڴҵǰ
Ҷ˳˼˻Ϊ󣬻ΪŮš
ŮҲǷӦԼǺܲŹۣܶ˵ӣһˢһ¾ͺˡ
ܿ죬Ů֮ƽٶȽ·ãͬٶǰҶ˵ߣȻһž˹ȥҶ˵СȲ棡
ܼ򵥵ģˣ
һţҶǺ׶ȥģʱר־Ĺ۲ŮҲûɢ⡣
Ȼ˵ҶˣֻɢһԼҶ˲ûκεĶ⣬Ҳûд̼Ҷ˵ķ
ʲôҶǸŮ㲻Ǹ˭˭
˭˭֪Ҷ˵Ҳû˵Ϊ֪Ů˭ֻǼѣ


327 1
åŮŭʱҲûҶ˵Ļŭ֮Уֻ֪Ҷһå
Ŀ֮УҶ˾һͷβåӵˣ
𿪿ڱտھåֲ죬Ǽһζѣʲô֪Ҷ˿һŮھ˵һ仰ȻѾ
ŮҶѾϳǸڰ»׵ʱ򣬿ɯĺѷƷƣ
һΣѾǵμˣåһˣŮָҶе㷢ŭ
ɶǲǴ׼棬ʱ򣬼𣿡Ҷ˴˴е㲻ˣʼջ벻ʲôطŮ
ףҶˣ׹ΪʲôҲ֪£߹ڱʵԼδδ£еŮ˶ʣܻܿŷ쭵ڡ
߹֪Ҷνףָһף׵ŮҲŮһ
ûаֻǲμһŮ˵ıסҶҡҡͷش
Ŷôȥμ飿߹ˣҶ˵֮УóҶ˵Ůˣһ޹صģμбԵʵġ
Ϊ˱׵ĻҶ˾Ͳ˵Ůˣ˵ǸŮ˵֣еŮʵ̫İˣ
ҰһˡҶ˲ػص
ߣˣԼɣҪȢС檣Ůһߺߵֱӵģûһת䣬ûиҶӡ
ϻҶ˭ΪʲôҪӣ첻µزµ
С檣߹Ҷˣʵ
ǰѾ𣬱ֻС檡Ҷû⣬֪С檣ҪһµģȻܴᡣ
߹ⷽ棬Ůϵģ
⵹ҲǣҲӣֻС檡ԣҪС檵޹أ˵ʲô߹ץҶʵ
ԭӣҲ֪ôƭġ
Ҷ˽еֻⲢΪ߹Եʣ֪ͨˣ㳷
룿ҽ𣿡߹еɻʵԵ޹ʵĳ룬˻ɣңҶǰҲƵ顣
ǵģˣⷿӾͻᱻٵҶҡҡͷָһֱעŵ˵
ʲô˶Դ˶е㲻⣬Ϊʲôӡ
Ⲣǲ󣬶Ϊǲף˻ڽõĹ֮У
ţ˵Ĵ𰸶Ƿ񶨵ģ˽Ķ棡
ĵط˵ʥǣôҪ
Ҷˡ߹ʱҪһ£ҶǲǷԺ˸ˣֻǵʵʱȴҶѾˡ
߹Ĭ
ʲô˵ˣҪҶ˵ֻСѾܵȵľͷ
ʱ˶Ĭˡ
ڴҶ϶һ£Ҷ˲ǿЦģⷿҪˣⲢΪҶ˵Ϊо֮ѾʼѺۡ
Ȼ˵Ļڻʲô
ܣ
ڶʼȾܣһ·ʼУ˳ⷿӣȻǺҲյҶ˵Ҷһ·ŵʱ򣬻һߺš
˳룬Ҫˣע⣬ⲻϰⲻϰ

ϰʲôʻ㡭
ˣһ£ϸֻоŻֵĴʻ㣬ܿģ˾£ΪǶע⵽һ£Ҫˣ
ܵܡò㡭ҶҶ˵ĺϳֵ󣬻аųֵѺۡ
ʱҶ׾ͻɵҶ˵ϣҶʲô󣬽ˣ
飬ҶҲǵһˡ
ҶˣܡʼѧԺϢ֪ҶںʱǾͺܴѡܣΣյĵط
Ҷڣһаȫ򣬶ܱΣյش
ǻʼѧԺһϵʵ
Ҷˡ߰ɣ뿪üźŮͿʼˣȻҶ˽ӴǺܶ࣬Ҳ֪顣
ɯҾҪܣҶˡ»ѧԺŴҵĳ룬Ҳʼˡ

ȻеͻȻҲеңЩѧԱҲһˣŸֲͬİ취
˴ţкܶĳڣ˵
ܿ˶ˣΧڹıϣŹʼضҫ۵ĹâȻһѺ۵ĳ֣ҡҡ׹˵Ŀ֮УʼȻ


328 2
׳۰˼Ҷ˿ǰĺʱ򣬸п˵
Ҷ飬ԣڹĵûκεΣȻˣֲĴҪʲôΡ
ֻڳĴ󲿷ȴΪģһ϶ΪҶ˵ԭҶɵģ
㻹п˵ôʰо֣߹һû˵
о֣ΪʲôҪʰҶеֵʵԴеԺΪʲôҪԼʰо֡
о֣ӦҲҪʥЩʰǻطˣӣؽ£
Ϊʲô㻹˼ΪʲôʲôˣҶҵҶˣͷһ仰֮˳һѽҶ˵ס
Ҷ˽壬ҶǱŬ壬е©˵ţûʲôҾͿһ󣬽ͻȻˡ
ȻΪ㣡Ҷ֣еûҶһ£Ȼ˵ûж⡣
ȻѾˣͲ˰ɣ
ҲΪҰɡҶеԺ˵
⣬˭ôĹˣСߣһ仰֤һҶƻԪס
ȻǰǣҶ˵ȷԪף
Ҷˣǰˣڶʲôʱʲôص㣬ô˺ȥδӣʼѧԺ˳ˣǷŭؿҶˡ
ȻֻǻʼѧԺĶ֮УһСֵˣ󲿷ֻЦЦеҡҡͷԴϰߵΣ
ùʿ£ʲôȥδӵġҶ˲˵ʿҶ˵ĻԴһʾһΣһ
ΪҶ֪ԼЩˣΪҶ˺ԼЩ˵ӵģʲô¶Ҫ
ʿΪ˭ЩʿˣǻпչЩ顣һţҶ˵ġԴ󡱺ǲм
ʿרŹЩ𣿡Ҷеֵʵӡ֮УʿǴӵġ
ȫĬҶ߹Щ˽һЩˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ꼸ףҶ˵Ժùʿڶֵ࣬ܲǮӣǾãʿ۵ֵز
ʿҶ˳溰һ䡣

˸ˣ벻Ҷ˾Ȼ飬İ˼ҹʿӵ
С㵱Ժãһ£Ϳùʿ𣿡߹ûҶһ¡
ﲻʥǵڳ򣬹ʿӦø࣬нȻеģҶ˲ػһ䣬Ȼʿ
åѹʿʲôأѵҪǸõĳͷ𣿡ʱŮƷƶҶˣе㲻ʵ
ڳĺܶ˶һ⣬ҶƻġԪסͶ
ǹʰоְУΪʲôҪͷңûʲô飿˵ˣҾˣҲ˵ʲôġҶ˻һӣеᣬһָ߰Ϊǡ
ȺѧԱѧԺĽǱһָ߰ĴڣҲΪǾ͸ӻǰ߰ˡ
ˣʶҶ˵ˣʼıҶˣ
ߣʲô˲ģһռԼǴүӵӵܣ
Ҳڶ˶Ҷ˵ۣʱû˻ΪҶ˻ʲôùӳԣֻΪǶãʥǣһҪӵĵطʥ̵˶Ǻܹƽģѵӵܣ
Ȼ˵ʿ˵Ҳ̫ˣҲ̫֪ˣ
Ҷˣû뵽㾹ȻôұΪ㻹ԾȡʱҶ֮ǰеİ»ˡ
ȻûаҶˣе侮ʯζ
ʱ˵ĻƺҲõܶ˵֧֣˵ֺ˺ܶˣڱҶ˵Ļ֮ϣõ˲Сĺô
ôˣåˣһߵŮһ˵ȻǱҶˣƺ밮»ͬ
ͬĻ㲻ͬ˵ĸоͻ᲻һ
ˣåûаɡˣУҶ룬ŮĻһССķ
ˣҶ˲ϣʱˣҲһϵʵ
ûˣåå㻹˵ǰʲôѵѾ𣿡ŮƷƷŭܿͺˣԼ¡
ûж֪ѾôˣҲʲôˣΪʲôҪأ
˵ֻԿõô˽ˣԲڴ֮ͥ˵


329 3
ҶʲôˣǺͼһΣĪ鷳ˣΪʲô鷳оϣ֮ǰʶһҶ˿ŮƷƣƺеӰ죬ôҲ벻ʲôط
ʱҶ꿴һŮƷƣüƺҲҶһ벻ʲôطġ
ˡ߹ŮƷһᣬͻȻһˣ֮Ůغһ£ǰŮǸ˺ܽӽ
ʲôˣҶ꿴һ߹ȻǸŮƷơ
߹¶һ˿ЦݣһǸŮƷƣЦ˵λС㣬ǵʱҶй֮׵ǸŮ
㲻Ҫ˵ŮƷһ죬Ѿ϶ԼոյĻʵһ
ˣ˼ϳˣ棬֪ôʰ
ôҲ鷳
ŮƷƣ߹Ҷ꣬е޺޵ģ˵˲ڵĻҲͲϳԼ
֮ףҶҶ˶Ǵһ£ôܵĻΪʲôǲأҶ˻˵Ҷǲܻǵģ
˵Ҷй֮׵˲ûж٣Ҷ꣬߹֮⣬Сǿһ
˵ļ֮ףܵĶһϵ˵
ŶҶڴһ֮󣬷һȻȻָǸŮƷ˵Ǹ˭ǸѧԺܵŮѧԱ
ţû߹ͷȷ˵
Ůţ˶Ҫ֪ôһ¡
Ʒƣ𣿹ֲãǸʱ򣬾ôŮߵĿɯСʵʼ²š
ԭɽǵʱ򣬿ɯǸ㲻ƷΪʲôҶôޣȻǰеҲûʲôɫҺǿƣǿҵĸ顣
ϣŮƷƺ޲һȥ¿Ϊ̸۵һ⣬ΪһЦ
Ժôȥˣ
ڵķƷƣҶ˵ʼðˣҶˣлĻһὫҶ״ж˿顣
޵ҧǣҶ˶Դƺȫûм䡪
𣿡Ҷ沿ıеͣɻӣǲǵ¡
УǸʱ̫ˣһӶǣ߹ͷ˵Цţһ뵽;úЦ
ʱŮƷƻСҲҰˣʱҪҶ˵ģȴҶռ˱ˣ
ռ˻С£µӰһţŮô꣬һֱΪ¶ա
ڱҶ֮ҲûкԽӴһӴ͸еȫ飬ͻҶĸо
ҲΪҶҲͺ޶һ㣬һһ㡭
ֻǣڷ֣ӰԼô飬ΪһǵҶˣûмѾˣ
ʲôҶüʵ
Ǹʱ㲻Сİѹ֭ϣȻǸˣȴĵģҪɾ߹˵˵ͬʱҲŮƷһۣƺܲơ
Ҳԣ߹ôŮƷƣҪҶˣ
ͺģϹ֭ɾˡʹסˣϸھͲö˵ˣˣ߹˵ֻǴŵ˵һ£Ǻϸ
ڸ˶˴ʼѧԺˣ鲢ûǵҶ˱ɵɵģɵҲû˻⡣
ھͲһˣô֮˾Ȼײһ𣬶ţľ֮úܾʣ
ʮүǺǿ򶼿ôƯŮӣ֪ʶҶ˵˵뷨
벻벻Ȼľ쵰С˭סĵطǵŮ񣡣
һ֮£ҶΪʸ֮ģʵҲˣ˵ŭԽ˴˵ĻҶʱһǧٿףƫˣ
ڵŮһ㣬¶Ӱģе޵ݵĸоѾںڽǰ
һֱ¶Ů˺ܴӰ˵̬ȣ
⼸֮УŮԽӴʱ򣬾ͻҶͻȫ飬ų֮⡣
ҲΪòƶһĪĿ־ֹ֢κε˽ӴʱŮ˶С
һܵĽӴͻȫ飬Ƥ
ΪڶûѣҲ˺ܵĵ⣬ֻ巴ӦʵǲܽܣҲֻò֮
ˣļ֪Ҷ˾ףһ׷ɱҶˡ


330 ţ1
ֻǣԭҶˣеԺ
𣿡ҶͷŬػţ飬ŮеץĸоһҶˡ
Ҷ߹ҡҡͷ¶˵ȷ޹ؽҪ飬飬Ǻġ
ŶŶˣǸŮӰ·ôҪҪҼ㣿ҶǼ£ڼʱҲ뵽ϸڡ
ֻǣϸ֪ҶҲ֪˾Ͳô֪ˣǲ֪Ҷ˵þŪɾ·Ҷ˵ģǼɾŮ·
СӣҲ̫иˣȻռˣѵͲ·ŭ˿Ƭ
£ŮҲһˣǰˣȻǼˣ
Ů߳ŭ֮£γ˽Ҳ֪Ǵγ⽣ģĴƺûеطԲص½ġ
ڳ֮󣬱ֱҶ˶ȥ
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˶ϣһܽҶ룬еŭԵõйѾˣҶŭ
ȻˣҲһǾһҪ˵ҶˣмҲһ˲ΪҶˣΪŮŮҶˣܴ鷳
ʱҶȴûжŮһƺûп
Ϊ֪㲻ŮҲҪͨҶ߹ˣҪͨСһأ
ϣŮܵСڵһᱻҶ߹ɣǲΣյĴڿҶˡ
ȻŮҶ˵һ˲䣬Ҷ߹ͬʱһ˲䷢ǵħԵħһһ
ķҶ˰Χм䣬ûΪ˴ںĵֺҲ˱ȽϾȵĵط
ʱŮһȴһˣûнӴķѾ˸ס޷ǰ
һɫƷӣһõʿУʱһ˧Ķǰһʿ
ƺʿŮĽǸʱµĿ״̬
ɫƷƺˣҶ˶ǹʿеƷʿҲƺʿŵʽ
Եǣӵϴһ£ǹʿеĻ£ʥ֮У˹ʿ⣬ͲӵС
ˣӵҲǺ֮Ҷ֮ǰĹʿ
ͬʱڳҲԿ϶һ£ʿͨĹʿĸ߼Ա
ֻڸոյ赲֮УʿչʾһʵɵصŮķŭˣʵ򵥣
˵ƾԤ׵ͻȻ֣Ҳ˵ʵף
ֹ˽µսλأʿƽ˵ҲոֹԭƫҶˣΪʥǵڳǲ˽ս
ڹʿ˵ʱҶŮҲջǵı֪ʿ⻰Ҳ˵Ůģ
ȻʿˣԼҲҪǾͺܿˣ
ʿŮͣսˣʵʣ⵽ô£ʲô飿
ʿǲû˾κεУҲȷȻŮΪʲôҶˣʵǰĹΪʲôᵹ
˵°ɣΪиʹ󣬽⹬ݻˣҲ֪ʲôģסĵطˣƺһҲûлڹ˼ʿˣ˵ˣǲӦýܳͷ
ЩǳŮĿУ㽫Ҷ͸ʿͷⲻ᲻ãΪҪԶ֣κˡ
˵ЩˣȻҶǵЩˣǶҶ˵̬ȾߣͲûΧˣ
ʲôô󵨣ǵ˵˵˭һ֪ʿüе㲻˵˵š
仰Ҳڳܶ˾˷ܲѣ˵һϢ
Сӣҿôţող˵ҪʿѾˣôûˣףʲô
ʱƺ֣ҶŹǷŹӣе˯ӡ
ԲǺµӣѵڹʿûһη˶Իˡ
˳һ£ȻһͬҶָ˳ҪҶ˸ôԹʿ
ʱ򣬹ʿҪתͷʱ򣬴˷ɱٵˣòƶǹʿ߹ʥһġ
дˣ
дˣô



331 ţ2
Щ֮󣬶Ƕ֮ǰǸʿҲһ֤ʿǺеλģ
оپ֣˵ضǸµ𣿡ȷµͬʱҲڸˣֻǴ·ġ
ЩˣǸµˣڹ̫ǵʱ򣬶ǷֿԶģֱҵ֮󣬲žۼһ
ǵģ˵ͷش
ô˵кܼ򵥵ʵ
һʿУ˵дˣǵĵ飬ƺǱĳһ˻ˣҪҵŪף
յϢҲͬģһ˵ԲţҶ˵Ļǲɷϵʵƽ˵ţתҶ˵ķʱ򲢲֪˭ֻ֪ӦԼ
ǡп򸽽ˣʾָһΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڶѧԱֶָһˣǾҶˣ
ʱ˵رĳ죬ʥô࣬󵽣Ҷ˵ĽǶôıҡ
ǵʮֵڴ˷ţҪšҶԽԽã
ЩҶе㽻ģȽ֧Ҷ˵ģͲ뿴ҪæȴæһҶǵʥǣκ޷ҵģ
ͻȻ˶ƺˣΪĵҶ˻ǸӣҲ֣ϾҶһˣûжĶ
һߵҶ߹ûзʲôƵģ˽ǵ˸ееɻСҲǾ͸ˣ
Ҷ߹˵Ǽ棬䲻С̿ɲˣȽСŮˣʲôĻţᵣǣ
ʱСҲֵĺƽ϶⣡
ԭ㡭֪֪˶ٵŽɵģھͱһ㡭㡭ȥú÷ʡһ£ʰһ£ҸطЩѧԱпҶ˵ʱһʼ࣬һķŭܿͷŭʧˣɾȣΡ
еһĸӱ飬ƺûע⵽ֻŴͣе㲻ԼĶ䣬
ȥú÷ʡⲻǵڷŹҶˣ
Ҷ˽ˡȻûһ飬˾̫˼ˣ
ѵ˵ҶӰ쵽ʥǣ֪Ҷݵ˵Ĳ룬Ǻܿͷ뷨ϾҶֻҶң۹е飬Ҷǲġ
ðɣ͵д˵˰ɣĻһᱻ˽ܣ
ʱЩֻ뵽ֻͣǷһ˵˵һ˵Ĵÿܻ᷸һС
ֻǺܿģǵ;ͱøˣֻΪ
ˣҿ£Ҫñ˾ʥǵ˿ˣĹʿ͹һһҶˣȻתͷȥʰо֡
ʦ飬ǾȻûһȥ
⵽ô£ѵǿҶС𣿣
ιվס
ʱ˽ס˹ʿˣʱ˵⻰кЩǶΪ¸еƽȻºҲûжӰ죬˵ʥǶû˵Ҳܲ¡
Щ˺ûʲôֵģƺˣҿˣҶ˾ȻЩ֡

СҪʲôѵҪԼܣڴʱ˿ġ
еȹͣסˣ˵ûǿӣҶ˿ˣǾͲò£ʱﰵҪʲôѵҪʦ
еˣһЩ˾Ϳʼָˣָ𣬶ʱǶΪеΪԼԲ뵽ΪҶˡ
дǰɣΪʲôûжгͷѵʥǵΪǿԭµ𣿡ʱ򣬴İ»ˣֻſɯ֣һҲηǿȨӡ
ʱ򣬰»ƺŹ⻷úܶ˶Ϊԡ
ʥǵΪǲˡΪǻĳͷüش
ȻУΪʲôǿӲܣûпһ»ʵʱԼΪһӢһ㡣
˵˭ʱֻװͿ
˵ҰҺ͸ģѵûп𣿡Ҷʱ򣬺ĳ֣ԼΪʸ֮ġ
Ҷˣ㻹һ֪վеΣ»ҶˣͷƺеͬҶ˵
еΣҪѻ˵ЩǹĵġҶ΢΢üЩе˵


332 ţ3
ӣʲôҪ˵ģжҶһȻ㹧ʵ
ʱ򣬷еĹ˿òҲһڹƺӦҲǶ˵һòƺ
Ҫ˵ǣӵȷǱݻٵģԼģǷﱾŵģҶָǰķ˵
Ҷˣ˵ҲҪҸŵģ⻰˲ţ»ҡҡͷ˵
ǰå⻰˭Ű˭ԼõĹ֮УǷ󻹺˵Իٵģ˭Աû¸ȥĵ飡Ůһ˵Դɡ
ŮɣҲڳ˵ɣ
ҲܽͣĴڵȷе֣ȴʵҶ˿ǰķ棬˼⡣
ߣƭ˭ҲŲĹŮߵҶ˵Ļȫš
Ҷˣ⻰ʵ̫ǣǿˡû˻ŵģ»ҡͷ˵һϧӡ
ʱ򣬶һ뷨飡
ֻҪһȺˣǷеˣ˵һڳ󲿷֮⣬ȴһЩ֮еĻ
ţţ˵
㿴ǲšȵȣո˵ʲôţ»ʱϰԵ˵ֻȴķ֣˵Ĳ
ţţӣȻ˵ǶҺ˵ˣʱ򣬷ͷظһ㣬
ûʣһʼ㶼ңҶ˰ڰ֣Һ޹ӡ
Ǻǣ⣬˭˼ôֱʣ⹬ʥʮ󹬵֮һҪסõģˣεЦЦ
еӣѾڸڳˣոװҶˣʵǺҪץҶ
ҲǸߴһϢҶʥǣźܲһĵλĸ߼ʿҪӡ
˼ǱҶ˲ˣҲǲȥ׷֮ǰҶ˵Ǿ䡰󻰡ģģʿҲȥ׷
ùʿʰоġС¡Ǿ͸˵ˣʵѾǰˣʿھʰо֣
ҪǱٵģҲ֪ôƵģôȶһûˣҶ˵ֻһ⣬ģ
ţ⣡еͷȻҶ˵⣬㲻⣬ҲһҪ˵⡣
Ͷˣˣô㲻˹ͷ𣿡Ҷ˿ŷУеֵʵ
вǳμ֣ҲҶ˵ˣǰһֱԺ֮еģҲһԺá
ΪвŻҶ̬ȣ˵ĻȻҶˣҲ
Ҷ˽ӴˣϲҶˣһֺܶصϢͬʱΪҶµչʾ÷бҶˣǳԽ䣬ԽְҵԽλء
˹ƶ飬ҾͳûϢһ£⵵飡лش
ԭ͵ģҲ˹ģҶ¶׵ӡ
гĬӣⲻ͵ƶʥȫĵط˵ˣҲҪϢģ˰ҿ˹˵ģ
ˣýˣ׵ģҶ˰ڰ˵

Ͳˣ㵽ʲô
ˣɣӣһᣬ֪ͨǰһ£ǵסУӣǲǵҪһӺһ㣿пҶʵ
˿Ҷ˵İȫ⣬ҲΪ˵İȫҶһ˵ֻǰ飬λãҶӳˣûˣһӾ鷳ˡ
Խ⻰ԽǷҶĵλеǿ⵽ôһ£
һ㣬Щ˾е㲻ΪʲôҶ˿ĴǺܶ󣬲뷽跨õġ
ˡҶҡҡͷܾȨⲢΪ飬Ϊ
ҽ㲻ͬ⣡
ûҶôͬҶһһطɲҶ뿪
ԣȥԺóԵġҶҶ˵Դ˵ܿҶ˻ܼǵԼ
ˣҶҡҡͷ
ιιѵ˵Ǿˣһߵİ»ƺȥˣǸо֮ˡ
ô飬˹ΣҵİȫȻ֮ˣһЩ˾úߣܲ
ƺˣʥǣǵĵط˶Ѿ˵ûˣЩʲôʸ˵


333 ţ4
ˣҪôⲻһѡüеֵʵҲЩʲô˼Լ˵⣬Ҫ׷ʲô
ô⣿ɵġָҶ˵
˵һ⣡еǿ϶˶Դκε顣
ֻǣ˲ûζһʣƺǰ»ֻ˵дˣող˵Ҷ˵ĻǾǲɷϵʵȻΪʲôҪһ˵Ƭ֮ʣ
пһ۰»е㲻ͷͬʱҲһĲмش˵ĻǻῼĻǲƬ֮ʣǹӵĻͲҪȥǣ˵ٻҲûҪȥ˵ٻ
ΪʲôᣬΪʲôûбҪ»ʵ֣Ϊʲôл˵ǹʿּ
ʿּƽ壬ȻƽĻΪʲôͿäĿһˣƫ̻һˣ
Ϊǹӣ˵ٻûҪΪɵģΪģҲ׷еػص
Ϊʲô»˲ס
ƾǹӣһѾ㹻ˣһһ˵˵ͬʱʥǵĳԱҲһͷʾͬ⡣
һӣ»˾͸ˡ
ΪʲôåĴƾҶҵʮ𣿡ŮҲһе⣬૵˵š
Ҳ̫ƫ̻ˣ˵νŷ»˼ĵؾ⡣
ŷŷкιϵʥǣ˵ˣţŵģüе㷴еؿŰ»صָʥǣǵĵطǰ»˵ġ
ţû˻ţЩˣ»ƺûע⵽мĻǼ
ֻǣ벻飬ո֮󣬾һЩʼ˷ĳ֡
ţ
ţ
Ҳţ

ڻʼѧԺӪ֮УҶѧԺ֮Уǡš˶е⡣
»ǳͣе㲻ŵؿЩˡ
ΪʲôôҲ
ΪҶʮӡ⼸ͬʱĴ𰸣е㲻Ĵ𰸡
ⲻ֮ǰ˵Ĳ࣬һ˵Ϊǹӣһ˵ΪҶʮӣһ˾ĪĴ𰸡
ĪˣЩʶҶ˵ˣʶҶ˵ˣ𰸡
ҶʮӣĸҶң»еͿڻ֪Ҷ˵ʲô
ҶҡӦ˵ˣӦ˵ʲôҶǵҶңе㲻ԣҶңҪͣôͶ޷ҶҶңӦʲôҶҡ
ҶҡҶˣԭǸҶˡҶ˵ݣ»ǻǲ⣬ΪʲôЩ˻Ҷ˵ĻͿţ
⣬Ҳ˳ĻشҲеɻ
ΪʲôΪ˵ѣ˶ش
˵ѣôܣ֮ǰƭˡ»˵ҶǴƭˣƺˣǸʱҶΪ˰Լ
ƭƭˣ˵˵ѣ˵
⵽ʲô˼ƭѵ˵˭ܸңȺ˵ôһ¡
ìܵ뷨ܶԼֺ֣ìܵľúҶ˵ϳìܵ飬ҲǺƽġ
Ҷ˻ƭˣƭһɣȴԱ˵ѣ
ìܣ
ˣҪˣ֮ܶһ仰ŹӣʥǶҲ¹ۡ
仰Ѿ˵ĺ·ˣѾʥǶųˣЩʶģ֪ôģ᲻¡
⣬Ҳӵıʾʥǵһ̬ȣҶ˵̬ȣ
û뵽ҶӰôʲô飿ѵ˵֮ǰ˵ǸԺҽ
ܶ˽Ҷ˵ˣʼ²⣬ֻԺҽĺճѾ˾úˣҶغһǾͻӵ𾪣
ô˵ҶһĪӵһ֧֣һǺһ̫ˣ
ŮҲʵ̫ƫˣ
ҶˣëңŮʱڳˣŮûиоֳյĹ죬ֻҶ׷ծ
Ůĳ֣óҲˣոˣе죬ŮǹĴڣҶôϹϵġ


334 1
˵ҵģЩҵģҶ˿˿ŮȻܲػص
ʲôʱ˵ˣ컹ңŮеż˵
ܵܣλС˭ôʶģҶһҶˣǸŮеʵ
Ҳʶոո˵ʱߣһ棡Ҷ˲ػصʱŷ֮УԺӡ
㣿ˣոǷʲô£ҶеˣȻ㣬ҶŮʲôŮ飬鷢
ô˵źáոҶţҾͺ櫾Ϳй˵ỰȻͰ櫵ʮëˣ˹Ҷеû˵ѽ֪֪ëжôҪ컹

˳Ĭ뵽Ҷ˾ȻŮëǵĴһ̶ͣһ£ΪǶ֪Ĺء
ͬʱҲں棬ΪʲôҶ˻ȥ˼ҵë˵ƺһôûе飡
ףе˼ˡ
Ϊ˵ҶˣʱȻԹԵǰߣûŮ櫣ҲûҶˣûֹӽķС
дˣȲù߹ֹ÷вҪȥֹҶˣǺܰظҶԶȴҶ˱һľ룬Ҷ˵ľ롣
ҶСҲ߹ĸǵΪƺˣҶƺһȽҪ顣
꣬ʲôеҲȥ
ܵܣӦǷʲôҶصÿηʲô飬Ͳ飬
Ҷƺصؽ͸Ҫö˽һҶˣ
Ҷ֮󣬲ûֱͣ棬ݵڷ֮ϣù˴һ£ǽŵĸȥ
Ҷˣܵô죬ΣյġСеֿɱȲˣҪǺѵģֻš
ûµģű𶯣СᱣģҶ˵ԶСڸոյʱ򣬾ûиҶȥС̡
Ȼ˵ҶԶ޷СȴһָСִУµָǱС̡
Щˣû²ҪҶ˼˵ľǸŹҶˡ
Сûĵģ֪С̣ǾСеġҶҶ˵ߣһҶˡ
а㣬ǻȥɣǰеΣաҶ˵֮жһģҲһࡣ
Ҷ˿Ҷˣ¶һ˿֮⣬֣طʲôΣյ飬ﲻһȻĹ档
ĵطҪûе֮ǰΣյģ֮ôΣеֻҵĲк
ҶˣΣգΣյĻͲҪӽˡ߹ʵе㵣ġ
ǰӣȻΣյĻͲҪˣǴͬе㵣ĵ˵ɲҶԼǰʲô⣬ĻǾͷʹġ
治ʥӵҶ˵֪ÿˮԼ
ǲΣյģ黹ѲңҲܴǾͲһˣԣҲŻرһ£Ҷҡҡͷ΢ЦţǵûκΣյס

ûΣ
ˣ㻹ֱӸң㵽׷ʲôҶֱӵʵ˵ô࣬ûŪҶΪʲôͻȻ
ΪҶָǰ档
ʲôҶ˲ˣҶָŵǰ棬òֻһѷ棬ʲô
ǰǽߣʲôû˰߹ǰ棬Ȼǿʲôرġ
ΪЩǽߵסˡҶ˾ŵ֣ڿлصĹ켣켣γһص
γ֮󣬾ͷҫ۵Ĺâ
Ƭ֮ʼ͸ߣǰķǰǰһΧ֮ڵĶΧ
ֿʼѸڵһµ󣬽ǰһȫǣܿģ֮оͱ۵Ĺâ
âΧķ֮һȫʧڴҵǰ
ʱϷۿĻͻᷢһƬ֮УһֵԲԲ֮ڣûκεķ֮տҲźìܶԱȵġ
ǾóסҶ˿ǰԲ˵
֪ĹܣҶ澻ô׵ģǻǵһμ
뷨ֻһΪǿһ


335 2
Բ֮Уһ󣬵Ҷ˸ոʹóģƺĵطӡ
⡭ʲôüе㷢㶵ʵ
󣡣Ҷ˻ػ
֪Ҫʲôʲôãеٴʵҽʵú
ڴʱ˿̣Ѿ֪Ҷ˵ǿǿ˼ĵزĻôͷַ֮µˣõѡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֪ҪȫУֻܲ²һ㡣
ȫѵⲻ𣿡вǸ߼ʿؼʵ
ţⲻȫֻһ֡Ҷ˵ͷһһĶȻֱǸ
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Ҷü˼ţҲ֪Ӧⶰ¥֮ģ˵ӦڸԶ
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У¥֮ģǾ˵ڹֽţĿǰҪҪֽţֻн칬ʱ
칬ʱ򣬾Ѿǧ֮ãǾ˲⣬ǧ֮ǰûзǵʲôĿģ
Ŷ֪ˣҿԿ϶һصˣҶʱ򣬿Զ˵
ô֪Ҷеʵ
⣬ܻش𣡡ʱͻȻ˵
Ҷе㲻⣬ôʱͻȻ֪ˡ
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߰ɣҪ˽һҪٿҶ˵֮󣬾ͿʼŵĽȥ
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Ҷˣ˰ôˣС̿Ҷ̴ܳкȴҶԼһʹһ¡
ڷƬ֮С̸̾Ҷ˵ķȥûеȴ˵ĵֱѡܣ׷Ҷˣ
Сһ֮󣬾ͳҶ˺ҶˣŲƥòá
ҲᣡңҶ˶С̵ĻӦ
һᣬҴ㣡ܣ׷㰡С̺˵ģȥ׷ܵñҶˡ
ŶǾȥһƥ֪ûСҶȴС̵Ļش
Уܶ࣡һΣС̵Ļش𣬶׷ķС
ȷǺܶ࣬˷˭ǹʿΪʿôûأ
Ҷˣһ𡭡߹һƥ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵
ȻǺһҿվܵܣҶܡϡ˵
Сû˵Һ߹Ҷ
ʲôҶԼ𣿡ʱҲĵظţҪ˽һԼĵܵãҲǹԵظš
ᣡʱҶꡢ߹Сͬһʱ˵֮жһ
ʲô᣿㡢е˶һ£ȻĿɿڴ˵
ϢǸеʮֵ⣬ϾĹ̫ټˣ仹ҶּģûС
ţᣡҶŮͷ϶

ҵСᣬǣҶ˺ܲˬ˵һϷ

ⶼУСﲻĿĶӦöҶ˻ģҶŮԴ˺ܲ⡣
ºҶ˸Ǽ仰СﻹȭͷҿǽҿһЩŮӵ飬ҿ
ܻĶ˾һᣡ
СҶ˲ǸµĽǽһ͵¥ҲΪҶôԶĵطܿ
ܿ죬ڲ֮£˵¥ǰ桭
·ϣ·˿ҶȺ˶֣ҶЩ˵ʲôԿ϶Щ˵ݲ򵥡
Ϊʲôô϶
Ⱥʿں滤ǻ˵ҶЩˣһʥݵˡ
Է׷ס



336 3

Ҷ¥֮ǰܿҵطþλáܿһγһԲԲ֮УһƵ
֮ǰһҲƺĵطһζһߡ
еطҪˡҶ˿ʱü˵
ʲôУоȵһطĵǶѾеܲˣҪǶһĻǾ͸ӳܲˡ
ţҿ١Ҷ˵ͷ˵÷еĿԡ
Ҫϵʱһطʼˡ
⵽ô£ôǱһʥɽ˵ƶ˿һŵʥǣӵһʱǾѾע⵽ˡ
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ڵһˣѾҿʼ
еΣ֪ͨ˹ʲôƶ֮ϣʥ̵ĸ߲ԱΪ¿ʼ
һԽԽˡ
ƶ֮ϣ߲Ա׾ͿһĪĵҲˣҶһСһֱڳд󣬵ÿһطǶų֡
֮ǾͿҶʹþһط¶һ
ŵ࣬ӵͻһҵɵͬʱֲôһ¡
ȺʲôˣЩ߲㲢ûյϢҶȺˣеʵ
ȻǲỳȺģǵĻȺ˾Ͳʥﳩͨġ
ͬʱǾȺӦԼһߵģӦʥǵľӣֻǲȺʲô
˵ǰǴеλӣŷеȹʿǺڵ£˿ʼӦ⡣
ô飬ǵأ֪ЩȻǲǿҶˣֻǾ飬Ӧ鷳Ҷˡ
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һЩɻˣе㲻ס
Щ˵ɻ̾˿ʼ˵ˣѵǲ֪λǴĶˣæֻܵϢˣһæﲻϣ
Һ˵һţκ˶޷ԽĴڡЩ˿ʼˣǶжţֻһʱ֮û֮ϵ
ţһţԣǾͽҲѵãԸ飡ʱһҶϤ˵˾Ժ֮еһҽʦ˹

ͬʱʥڳ֮УеĽ֮жѾһˣǽʩɵʩǽ˳뵽ֵ㳡һпտĵط
˭Ҳ֪һٵĽһ֮ǰ˶Ҫ뿪пܵķݡ
˶ϣ˭ԼΣյ״̬

һߣһǰ桭
ˣڿ֮Ҷ˾ͿʼУѾǵ߸Ҳ˵ݻ
ӣ𣿡нŵʵɲٿ
ţˣ»ٵֱߵһ幫Ҷָ򣬺׼ȷ˵ص㡣
ǻ¥Ϫӣ컨ͤףôһвǷУԺ׼ȷ˵طʲôͬʱ˵ͬʱҲһ㣬طȻǴŻġ
ȻҶȴ˵һӿµʵܣոյģطͬһ˹滮ġ
ͬһ˹滮죬ȥʮ˭ƽģбɫûֻⷽΪȥ롣
ǳͬһ˵ĻǾ˵һǧ֮ǰǧ֮һı
дˣʮǳһˣķ꣡ܿ죬˾͸һ𰸣Źʿϵߣܺܿȡϵյ
ķꣿ˭мʵ
ʱĹʿûлش֮ǰĳѾʼشˣķ꣬ǧ֮ǰһĽʦͬʱҲһţĺܶཨںԭķһСˣΪҽ콨ȡ߶ıꡭ
֪ΪʲôʮʱͻȻʥ̣һֱʥǣΪʥǽܶྭĽ
ӡдؿҶˣƺû뵽Ҷ˻ô˽飬һ㽫ϱ


337 â1
þȣЩϤʲôʷϵ϶ܸϸϣҶ΢Ц˵ƺ˱£ϣȴڸ߱ˣҵܵɣɣ
ʱҲһ¶֮⣬Ҷ˵˽⣬Сʱ򣬻о˵顣
ǹӣǸô죿ʵȻǧ֮ǰˣҪҲǲܵģŪΪʲôҪ
֮Ҷ˴ǰ飬ȥֹļ
Ŀǰ˵Ҷʺϵѡ
ȥҶָһòƾʥɽߵĵطʥ֮еƶ
Ϊʲôȥطѵȥ𣿡пƶе㲻ʵ
ΪʲôҶҪĵطܣȥȫƶѵΪ˰ȫȥð
ĻҲǿԵģطͽ
ˣ͹ȥƶ֪ͨʿȥֹطһᣬŵذˡ
ȵȣҶֹطȥܣ˽ȥȥʲôƶûʱ䣡
ӣƶˣҶ˲֪ƶʲôλá
ʥǵ飬Ǻٺ٣ҶҲܲɵûнӴ֪ߵĵطƶ
Ŷƶ˵˹Ǿ˵ȽҪﶼˣҶ˿ƶʵɫҲ¶һȻı飬ͨһЩ顣
еͷ˵ǵģǱȽҪģʥ߲˶ʥʥĵطǵʥŮҲһ棡
˵ʥŮʱ򣬷еϳһ˿Ѱı飬Ҷˡ
ҾˣȫͨˣҶ˴һָƶȫ룬ºһʿͿԣ
룿дһ£ܿͷӦ˵ƶҲһ̮ĵط
ţҪƶҶ˵ͷصʱ˵ͬʱѾƶǰ
ôܣķ겢ûвμƶĽ裬άûвμӹƶʥǽʱ򣬾ѾˣάԱһֱʥĵˣķ˽еģжԴ˱ʾܲ⡣
֪ΪŻʮĵȻĻƶͻֱӵҶ˳˼ţڻص
һԻ󣬵ܿͨˡ
˵Ϊֱӽƶķͽʮʮɵƶ
ûķȷһţĳܲ򵥣Ҷе
Ϊʲô㲻ȥƻطͿܻٵˣȻǺ˽⣬֪ģƻһͿʧȥԭȵá
ûõģ˵ʱ޷ƽ⣡˵ƽ֮ɵĺܱڵĻҪأҶҡҡͷ
Ҷǿƽ⣬Ҫʱ䣬ʱ㹻ʹҲ˵Ҷȥƽȫһ顣
ͬʱĲҶܿкУƻĻܻٵĵطʥǣ
ﲻòϣһţ
һţ˼ʮʱ佨󣬾ҶţҲǺа취Ӧ
ȻˣҶȴ֮Уõ˲ٵĺôϾһżʮѪм̺˶ٵ֪ʶ봴⣬޷ġ
Ҷʱֻܸ̾ţٵǾ仰վھ˵ļ֮ϡ
ΪЩǰ˵ѪᾧŻԼ֪ʶվµĸ߶ȣ֪ʶĻۣǿһ˿ģҪˣ˵ĳɹ
ԺҶ˾Ͳֹһõĳɹ
ô죿ƶ˵ͳġеͷʹ˵طĻ˵ƶ̫ˡ
ҲνҲܱ֤ľһᰲȫҶ˰ڰ֣˵ԼѾѻ˵ˣǿԼѡûκεĹϵ
ŹӣƬ̵ԥ֮£ͻȻͱüᶨˡ
ܵܣźܸߣǶ㶼İҶЦ˵ܿΪҶ˲Żᶨ
Ȼ˵򵥣ҪٵĻ۲ģڳҶ˶ҲΪǶе㲻˼顣


338 â2
ȻˣֵεģҶ˺صͷݹٺֱӵС

ˣУȥҸոָطǻٵ֮󣬰ѷҪĽṹҶΪ˰ȫҪ֪Ľṹ
Ȼ˵ҶѾĽṹΪʮֵİգûȷһ£
õģȥӦϰȥ
Ȼ˵ʿ޷Ҷһ׼ȷҳ󣬲ʹþȴ涼ĳ̶ȣҲͿҶ˿

ƶ
ʲô˵ƶεĿ꣬ǳʥ̵ĸ߲֮УյϢ֮󣬾̾ȵ
ţ
룬мˣķȷǸ˲ţƵڷ֮ǶἯƶͬʱǶƶҲš˺侲ط
վˣһЩͬˣвͷԴ֮
ô죿ﳷǿԳ룬̻ʥŮأһЩ̴ˣǻ᳷𣿡ʱؼ⡣
֮ǰ˵ģƶһĴڣ̫棬ҪЩ˳룬һ׵顣
ǾֻԿˣʥŮǿ̧뿪üóһ취İ취
ƶʼһʷǰδеĳ룬һЩһӶû뿪ƶˣڲò̤
ǲߵģǸҶˣԴЩ飡ʥ̵Ľ̻֮󣬺ǵ˵ȻҶûнӴ
ڽ̻ʵ仰˶е㲻ţΪ̻ҶˣֻΪ̻ʲԸ뿪ƶ
ǳʲôԵɣΪ̻ʲԸ⳷룬ܶҲֻŽ̻ʣþеţ
˵Ƕ˵ĻҶ˵ĳɹ񣬶̫⣡
ڲͬˣҶ˵ĳɹ͹ϵ̻һ˵ȵԣһҶһγΪĹؼܶ˶Ҷ˿Գɹ
ӣһζҪסƶпҶһ˵ѾյƶϢ֪̻ʵû뿪
Ҳܱ֤һܱסƶҿԱ֤һᾡŬȥֹҶ˵˵ƶ֮ϣʮȫò
󣬹ȻĴûֻСϸڷ棬һĳ룡
ãԸ׼ȷӦ
ƶû뵽ǿҶ߹ûй󣬶ǿźƶ̾
ҶҲˣΪҶˣǿƶطǵ۹ĻʵۣҲûʸǾǸеԺġ
Ϸʿţʹ֮ʮ֮ʮ֮󡭡

Ҷ˿ʼʿ֮ҪЩʿһάЩһ˻ҲӦȻа֣Ϊʲôأ
Ҷ˰һʱ˶ȥҶЩʿֻһ߿š
ʱҶˣƺ䣬øŮӶΪ֮Ķ
ֻʱҶͻȻתͷźŮ˵ǸС㣬ܲٽ輸ë
櫳ĬҶΪʲôͻȻҲܸɴĸ֡
ԣ
ģëҾͿԸ׶Ը󣡣Ҷ˵
櫶ʱĬ
櫣ɣ˵Ƿǳʱ̣ëӦò⡣
ðɣ櫵ͷҪ
Ҷ˾ָͷ˵㹻ˣ
㣡е㲻ԸؽëȻǸ㲻Լëʲôá
ˣ¾㱸âҶ˺ͬʱë֮Уĺڰâͳڴ档
åʺһߵŮƷֹҲŴҲע⣬
磬ˮڰâǰֱȽҳĹڰһ㣬ҺʥԹǱȽ׵ģֻǺڰֻϵĺ֮ˡ
һ⣬ǾҶֻë͹ˣĻϲʮôҪԼҪѵ˵
ûҶ˾ǲõԼģԾҪ
̡
˲֮âͿʼӴǿҵĹײ
սţš
ڳڶҶ˵âֵܵסǸĹ


339 Ϥĸо1
Ϸˮ֮һ󣡡
֮ɹ֮ߡ

ҶָţŷĹһĵ󡭡
Ȼ˵ʱϣ׼ϣ޷ԽģҶȴԱ仯ǧѵķʽ⣬Ҷ˵ơ
ʱһĹȥĹâһɢҶһȴԽսԽ£Ѿô𰸱úԡ
ҶѾɹˣ
ֻûȫɢ֮ǰҶ˻ȫעĽŷƽ⣬û˿иҲɹԭ֮һ
ʧʱƶʼˣ
ҶˣȷǺܲһ㣬һξʥǣ̻΢ЦţĻڴʱ˿еҪһҶ˵뷨
ӣлл㣡һ߸ж˵ڶҶ˵ľһ֡
ҲкôףоҶж֮ͻȻĪĸоƶ֮С
ƺʲôٻһ
ʥ֮У˶Ϊ棬ԶոĶԾǻĹâ˶Ϊ֮̾ӡ̣Զ޷ǣ
ǳ˽ʮӵײҲΪ澰οʱ˶Ϊ¶档
ҲΪײʼʱ˵Ŀⶼסˣ
ƶô󵨣Ȼô飿
һЩĹУâȻƯ˻⣬ʥʥʥĵطôս
սˣǲˡģ
Ƕʥǵ裬Ƕʥ̵裬ͬʱҲǶԹŮһ£ˣӦñ

ֻǣȴ֪ˣѾˣ˽ǧˣ
ǿҶǸʱָӣǲ뵽Ҷ˵Ĳܣֻ뵽Ҷ˿ܾµף
Һã²ûж֪Ҫ˵ʥǵĳԱʥǵڲԱҲһԴ˲˽⡣
Ϊϵƶһδ֪ţʥûвʲôԵ֮ǰǲ⹫
ҲΪҶмŬǲΪ֪ģҲ֪ոħõĳ棬ҪԭΪҶˡ
ȻˣָֻЩ֪Ҷ˵ģڳ˻ǻ֪ģԶ޷һ̣Ҷˣ
ӣΪʲô԰ͨĻõ棡ʿº̾Ҷˡ
ҶڶԾʱȫָŴұ仯ʹãûκεĸ߼󷨡
һ£νĸ߼󷨣ҲЩɵģҲûжķֱ𣡣
ֻǣҶȫʹû仯ȷһ˾ͬʱҲе㺦µ飡
Ͳýˣ£ʵҲһ˵ıԣ±Լ߳ܶ࣬Լˣ
ӣ̫˼ˣһûĻƶˡпǰ棬˵
ڴʱ˿̣˶ͬ뷨һûҶڵĻƶкܴĿܻᱻݻ١
ӸոյǸ֮֮ѲЩʿе£ǲûκεĿԱסƶֹĹ
ǰåòϣǺǿģڴʱ˿̣ŮƷҲʼҶˣھոյ֮κ˶Ҷž֮̾⡣
ףåأ
ŮƷѰųåҲҶ˵Ӱԭ֮еҶˣѾʧȥӰ
С쵰ֲˣҶʱҲ飬ʱεЦһ䡣
е˳ĬһᣬƺûзӦǰʵҶԼƤӵ²ˣ
㣬ȥһ¹ӣڷӦ֮󣬾
㿴ƶ֮µʥǣ²ҶǲȥˣովڱԵ
пܡҶӻ
ڳĴ󲿷ҲΪҶӦǳˣǽƶ֮У
ڳһЩ˶Ҷ˵˽⣬֪ƶ鷳ĵطһϲƵֵطջҲһȥ
ңոտȥʱָƶ˵

棿ȥʲôԸ񣬲ܵ棬ѵ˵ҪĶ˵һߴ˵ط·ˣ
ţ𰸺ܻܿǺߣ
櫣ȷߵ𣿡ڳĬһͿʵ
ţʹǸŽȥҿúָһȴŵƶһţûʲôرš


340 Ϥĸо2
֪ͨˣֹӾܾ͡У֪ͨȥҶ˱ķʲôᡣ
ҲûҶˣҶ˵ôϾƶǲҶߣ
ƶ֮У̫̫ܵĵطҲ̫̫ҪЩˣҶ˿ԽӴķΧ
Ȼе˭Ҷ˾ˣҶǵʲô鷳
Ȼ鶼һģ˵ȴȫͬڹҶҪ˶һ㣬ƺǲӦóֵ
ΪʿӦʥ̣Ľ̻ѾְԱİȫӦùҶ˲Ŷԣ
ô˵֮Ҷ˼ϷеȹʿźŮָĴǰ
˴ſ֮ʱҶ˱һסˣдǸ˵˼ǲܽȥ
ΪʲôҶʶʵһʱ֮ûʲôط
ƶûдϵĴǲԽȥģǸҲ⣬һȥǾԵһ£
ҪȥҶûж˵ʲô侲ƽļԼľ
ǹӵĽ㣬Ӧò⡭üʵҲֹҶ꣬һһǿԿסġ
ֹʵںЩˣ
ʵϣԭ⣬ҶȥҲԭģǾҶסҶˣҶ˻ǱȽҶĻ
ǲҲԣ߹С˵
ǽȥɣ鷳һ£еͷȻ׼Ҷ˽ȥˡ
Ҷ֮ǰԺ֮дһʱ䣬еȹʿȽϤҲͶһȨ
أҲҶ˵Ľ㣡ʱ˵ҲҪȥҶ⣬ĻҪصƶ
˼Ҳȷݣԣһ£пһ۶㣬Ȼ֮ǰҶҲ˵£ȻС
Ҳ֤һ㣬˵Ҷ˲ΪԺôһʱ䣬Ҳһᱻо֮⣡
ĬҶȥ˺þúþá
ʱƺܸоһ£ǾԼ֮ܵľ룬ԶԼҪԶܶࡣ
ͬʱҲ뵽һˣǾҶ˵Ĵ磬ǸǴеĴڣҪ˵ҶˣԼҲǺټ
ʱ˿̣ƺϣԼҶҶһܿһֱһĽĸ飡
ֻǣҲ֪ԼܵһɣԼҪż飬øһȥĵ̫ˣ
ľҪȥеΣ
ڣֻϣСĿһֱֵģǵȥ

ƶ֮УһرĵطӦ˵ڶرطеһȻر࣬Ҳһܷر
ƶĵ֮Уһܿķ䣬һ̨ͨһߵĲɼϵͳʹⷿλãڰҹʱԡ¹֮С
ߵĲɼϵͳǽ߶һطλãͨܶǶȣһ߼м䡣
ƣһλõĸоҫŵλãλ֮еļ±֡
⼫λõ龳֮£˵ûκεĶƺе̫˷ˣҲ֮еĶʵҲ÷øλõҪԭ
һɵĲĳ壬ϲǺƽҲΪ䷴ĽǶҲͬͨĹ߾ͻˡ
ˣȻˣȴҵú
֮УƺԼԼһӰ⵽˭Ϊʲô֮Уǡ
𰸣ʥǵ˲Ƕֻ֪еһ֣
ô˵ʥǿԿ϶ģΪⷿſڲܵķ׻˵һֻӬܷɽȥ
һߵ̨Ƿɭϣֻǿշûκ˷ʵϣ˶ڰһ֣߳Ǿͻøַ߸ɵ
ȻҪ̨ǱֵȷҲһð취ǵ㣬ϻ£ı¶档
ңҪƶƽƽģȴ˲ٵ󣬾ҶȥҲɲСĶᱻ˷֣֪С
һطҲƺֻʣһڣǾɭϵķſڣ
ֻƶ£ôе䣿
ҲΪû˻˻ȴһСС⣬һʷǰ飡


341 Ϥĸо3
ǸʱſڵĹʿȻ̬ȣһ˿Ľ䱸ûбֹҲһûǷɣ
ܿ죬ȺʿͰĿ⼯һǸһһ
Իƺ·ӣҲƺ⣡
⣬ǹʿǿǵģǵǣԼûмˣˣ
˳ô˵ҪСĽ
վסʲôˣʿֹ̺䱸Ŀꡣ
ͣ˽Ųǰķţ˺һᣬŷʣʲôط
ʲôطѵ֪𣿡ʿҶˣе㲻мʵȻ˶ǻҪʸʲô
֪ҡҡͷȻǿǰţȻԻ
ƶ㲻֪ôģѵǳŸոյĻңʿüΧͻȻոյĻǶѾ׼ı롣
׼ȷӦ˵Ѿǿȥ㣬֪Ҷֵҽ̻ҲһûߣҲͻصǵĹ
ҲΪҲ׸ոյĻԭԱҲڻ֮УЩԱѾˣ¿괳˽
üǰĹʿȻƽ˵ǱҵȻ֪ƶʲôطʲô
ʿһǸûз
˵֪ĻӦ֪ǽǲҽġʿ˵ȥ
һ㶣˵Ҳ֪
֪ˣȥ»˽ӹܣʿò˵ĪߣҲûʹñҲһ
ҲΪ꿴޺ԲŻõĴ
УҲȥҪȥҡҡͷָǸ˵ĿľҪ䡣
ʲô
ָŷʱ򣬹ʿ񾭾ͿʼˣҪػĶ˾ȻҪȥôǲš
㵽ʲôˣʲôĿģ
ʿҶ˵ҶΧм䣬һٴеӡ
ûʲôҾҪȥʲôҺϤҡͷشȫ֪ڵһһڵӡ
ϤܣҸҲҪһ㣬治Ϥģʿһڷ񶨵ĻǿԿ϶Ҷ˵ܽӴĶ
Ҫ˵һû꣬ǽڵ̴ˣһϤ
ǣо棬ϤָǷ˵ûзڵǺܲġ
ʿҶˣе㲻Ҷˣʱôûиı䣬Ȼ˵ͬһӦû˵ԼԽȥŶԡ
ڹʿɻʱһͻȻ˵ոյֵϢҪעһ£ҶҶӣͰæһ£ͨһǣ
ظǣ֪ˣˣô֪ͨòҶҶһɣʿе˵
ˣѾظˣ˵Ҷ˹ӵԣһԺ꣡ϢĹʿ˵
Ժ꣬ˣ˭֪ǲԺġȵȣո˵ʲôԺꣿԭЩﻹĪô£ôôֵ
ԺǴһ˵Ը񣬶ԸҲҪӴ֮Ż֪ˣһʧܵķ
򵥵˵Ҫҵˣ֪ԣҲһʧۣ֮ע⵽
ΪҪʱܷ
ϣ˻ὫԺԱϡǰ꣬һۿ˸оԺģȵȣǰꡭ
ʿҶˣСʵʣǲҶҶӣ
ţҾǣͷϵ
ûҶˣ˳֮ǰоϤоһڵĸоǿңܸоٻԼ
ǣҶѾҵѸ¥ߣʿ̷Ըϵġ
ⲢΪ˺ãҪٵһᣬΪԼڸҶ˵֮ǾͲҶΪѵ飡
ǣⲢţҶ˾ͲܻȻΪЩʿҪ䣡
׼ȷ˵Ӧ˵ʲôܣӦ˵ٷְٿ϶ᣡ


342 Ҫȥ1
ǼȻ֪˭ˣǲǿҽȥҶ˿ŷĴţͬʱٲȥ
УҶӣ㻹ȵһᣬ˵ĹʿûҶ˽ȥһֹš
ҶΪʥ˺ܶ๱ףҶźܸߵҲһ䣬ⲻԽȥĵط
һԭԵ⣬Щʿǲıģ
ȻҶȴû뵽ȥֻǴؿǰţȻ󾲾صȴţŷе
ҶΪЩ˺ǵȷе˹ǲԸ߿
Ǿ͵ȰɣԼҲ֣ĸоʲôоϤȴдİе㲻
Ժһ£﷢
ʲôܵ¥ˣյϢ֮󣬾ȵʵ
ԭǻһ¥ѰҶˣô벻Ҷ˾Ȼڶʱ˵¥ǵ뷨ҶĿĵĵܣӦûһ¥
Ϊ˱ҲѶ¥ڣȥѰҶ˵䣡
ͬʱҲǳڳǻͨĹʿҲעһ£пյĻ˳һˡ
ҲΪ¥Щʿ֪ԭǰҶˣ
ǵģ¥Ķһŷ㱨е㺹յ˵ֻΪص㡪
Ŷʲôһŷǲǡһ֮࣬ûа⻰꣬˲֪⻰
дˣһŷʲôطʱСڷеıϣһĻС
òƣոСһֱС̵ıϣûнҲΪҶ˵֮Уˡ߸һò񻰵Ůһ
һرĵطһţһ˵˵ʱƺҲеЦﱾһرĵطԼƺܶࡣ
Сû˵ֻǵȴŷнĽ͡
ȿȣҺãС̲СйģС̺һ㣬׼ͣ빫һӦû
ףʲôЩʸȥܣ
֪֪ʥ֮УְλΨһġƺеĪȴַ⡣
֪ȣ̻Ψһģɣѵǽ̻ڵĵطǾͿȥҶˣ¥ǰɡС̱һ˵ͺʼ¥
пСʧӰֻ˵һ仰С㣬û˵꣬ǽƲġ
̻ʲ¥ϣң̻ڵĵطûٲ
ⲢΪ̻ʱⲻҪΪڽ̻ߵˣǾ֣ʵҪȺǿϲ٣˵ˣ̻ʱϾǽ̻ʣŲ׵ʵʵƺŵģûж֪
߰ɣȥ֪ͨҶС߹£Ƕ¥ʱҲûж˵ʲôֻ֪ͨҶˣǿ첽׷ȥ
Ȼ˵ˣᣬƺҲûκε⣡
ͬʱҲƶ֮УһĻ֮Уĸ̴ΧһųţӦ˵飡
ҶĻͻ֣ĸôһģǲİ̥ʲôģ
ֻΪЩ̶ͷӣҶϲͬİɫӣͬƷ
̶ʥ̵Ԫϼǽ̻ҲҪӣЩȫһµĻǾǽ̻ҲһҪ
ոյ˭𣿡һ׺Ӵ̶һԼϻеϡ
ǲˣķġͬİ׺Ӵ̣ش⡣
ץΪʲôҪ֮ǰĴƺ֪˭һͨ
ҪץֻȥĹĴ̿Ц֪Ƕ飬ǶǰĴ̡
ȥĹأĹôסֵĵط֮ǰĴеԻ벻ͨһ㡣
ǧ֮ǰѾˣסĹ𣿡ĴеĬ벻ԼϻƾȻ֪¡
֮ǰĴ΢΢һ죬еεӡ
ǲһ飬ҲᵽⲢΪչԼĶһָĹߣһ˵üƺͷʹ¡
Ĺߣʲô˼˶Դе㲻⣬ɻ֮ʵɡ
ţǸĹߣԭǳԸһЩϳֶΣʥ̣ҲһȨĶźڰһ棡Ǵ˵ҡҡͷ


343 Ҫȥ2
ŶˣһҪæʥǣΪԼλȴʥģԣͰԹ޷йʥ֮ϣҪݻʥ̵ʥ֮ءƶΪ̣ҲͨĻɫܿ͸Ĳ롣
ûдˣѰ֮ʱǲûзĹͼΪûлɣϵĴ̣ü˵
üΪ뵽ͼܲûлΪѾ֮ǰߣͻøˣ
ֻΪĻǾͱʾڳﻮʲôҪһʥ̣
⣬ǲҪģ
ǲ뿴˴ʥ̣뿴˵ĳ֣ΪţһˣǾкܴԼˣʥ֮ݲ͵ˣ
ΪܱӴķΧ࣬˵ٺ٣
ϣһ⣬ϣⶫǧ֮Уⱻȥģʥ֮˵ϣǣԭûһ
ľʱᣬǲ£ƺǿ϶Ĵ𰸣ٱûκε֤Ϊģ
ǺģˣҶˣ
˲֪˵źãǣҲ
˵Ҷˣʱ򣬴Ǿе㻰Ҫ˵ˣ
ҶСӵȷеͣһʼߣԺãиոյ󣬶ģ˵ǵ⣬ǲҲҪһ£һ˵ʱȻû˵ʲôÿ˵ﶼ
СӵȷŴ˵е棬ҲǱ޷ԽĴڣǺʺϰǽǸ⣬ֻǣǲе㲻Ϲأһü
߽֮ʱǾҶæֻǵڹȥ£ҲһûжΪǾ仰Ϲأ
Ϲظƨڶʲôʱ򣬻ʲôҪǼȥʱأ˵ˣҶҵʮӣһ˼ˣæҲǲϹأֻҪǸӦıǾ͸Ӳˣһź˵
ǰǰĸ̶ʼӣӦ˶ۣ
ǾˣǸҶ˽æĸ̵СˣܿĹʿȥʵǵȷ
ʲôǸҶѾˣ
ͬģܿ̾յϢǾҶھƶ֮УϢ˰죬һʱ֮ûзӦ
ȻĻǾ͸ðˣҵķλԹȥæźӣǾԼȥһҶ˾úӣĻ͸׽
ˣҪи˵ӣȻҪԼȥ
Ǵǵ뷨ʵ˵Ļǻῼһ費ҪȥҶ˵ĻǾͲȥǣǱҪ
ⲻΪҶ⼸̶ҪǿоΪҶ˿ɲκӣǽ̻ԳҲһõĽ
ԣʱ򣬴ǸҪҶ˿Լĳ⣡
ǵõһǸĻظǾҶڵλá
ʲô¥ڶһŷ䣿ȫĿɿڴǸĹʿš
Ǹʿĸһֱţ̫ѹˣҲһĽûж˿ԵõĹע
ȻˣҲףעʵΪҶˣ
ǵģڡʿ治ɫƽ
ˣǾҪȥڲǸãǾ͹ȥɣһ˵ǸոΪʲôȣԭҶʱڵĵطҪҶ˰æڡ
벻ǻûа˵ˣҶ˾Ѿȥˣ
һΣͲҪԼڣ
뵽Ϊԭ·ߵøˣԭΪ˼Ѿˣھ͸Ӳˡ
ڴʱǲ֪ΪһʵĺϷȥ׿ϵĻҶ˵õɽǸ䣬Ͳ飡
ҶˣʲôһﰡСܵҶߣҶ˾˵
ڵȡιιţôˣҶشʱС̾˯ĻûκεԤס
ҶôҡҡС̣ҲǱȻģС̾Ҳһ޷Ūѣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾һ顪
òûԶɣ
С̳ܴĿԾûгԱˣ


344 Ҫȥ3
ʵϾˣС֮ǰҶţֿôõ󶷷ֹôã˵͸ˣֻ֮ǰΪǹҶˣԲûε
ҶҲΪϰԵСﱣС̣ʱСεĵطСҶˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ʹӽָ֮óһҩ裬С̵С죬ȻŽȥϸιһˮҩȥ
ȻˮҶ͵ģСģ
ʱҶһθ̾СԼߣȷǺܷ㣬Щ鶼
Сûѹ֮ǰҶ˾û˿չ˵ģСˣһǿ鷳ˡ
˵ˣҶ˴ûԼ᲻ģԼС̺ǰͱ
˵˵ģ˵ոʶģǰûбģ£Сһ£Ҫ˵ˣһ¡
ΪеۣҶ˾ͺܸɴϯضûһ󣬲ȴ˸еУƽ׽ˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˱С̵棬ڴҵУƺô˸оһܰ
ᣬŮİ⻭ú
Ϊеʱһʱ֮ûзκεҪ˵ǰʲôԼʲôѾˣ
ڵֻһ뷨㿴˵ӺСɣ˿ô
һʿĵ֮ĵطռˣһûзκεֻǿҶС档
⻭֮ǶһУһеĶʱ£ǲȥƻ⻭桭
ȻʱⶫǲΪͣƻһУ
ĶԶ˵У˵ļ
ҶˣôС̣̫ƫˣ߹֮ҲǷһҶС̵һ㣬ܿͷӦ˲ˬ
ˣѹͲˣҶڻصȻǱС̡
ŶιԶûУ߹Ҷ˵ߣʵС̵ëҲ֪ģҲ
·ϵʱҲСһʱеʳﶼ˱ˣȴ˸Լһݡ
˳ҩˡ
ҺãΪϴεľ飬Ҷ˸Ҷ߹׼һЩҩ裬øǱʱ֮⣬оչС̡
ιˣþͻѹҶ˻صеˣ׼÷ȥ档
ܵܣôС̣ǲ׼ȷϵˣʱҶҲˣҶ˵ʱסˡ
ȻһҶƺǵϷ߹Ĳˬ
ʲôȷϵҺͷŵĹϵѾ𣿡Ҷеֵʵ
ʲôϵҶʶʵ֪ҶСȷʲôϵϸĻͻҶ˵ʲô
Ǿǡ
ŵĹϵҶ˻ش
Ҷ߹
˵㵽ô£ôԵ޹ܵҶ겻ϸȻĻԼᱻ
ҶҲڳڶҪʵ⣬ҪӣͿһ㡣
ⷿһɺϤĸоҾ͹ˣҶָŷ˵
ϤĸоʲôоҶʵ
֪ҶҡҡͷеԻڻǸ㲻оʲô
ҶĬһᣬȻ˵ʲôо֪ǲдˣ
ûУҿԿ϶ϤĸоֻǲҽȥУˣ˵һ£ÿҶ˶ŷк
пҶһᣬȻڿǷ䣬ְĿ⼯Ҷϣ˵ӣҺ˵Ҳûõģǲÿģ˽̻ʴ̴ʸȥ˶ǲԵģн̻ʴ̵
Ҳûа취ǵʲôҶüȵľ÷йš
ҹжԴе㲻ˣ֪ԻеŪ״
÷д˹Ǵߵģ֤ͨдȻǹʿĽһΪʧְŷдҲǲʧְ飡ЩŵĹʿ˵
ȻģеͷȻ֪ԷոյĻڹԼʵȴǶԼĺ·ǲܴҶ˽ȥ
ȻˣҲҶ˽ȥ˵ٸое㲻ˬãҲֻһ㲻ˬ
ҪȥҶһ˵ʲôҶȥҿԸʱȥ׼ʲôģ


345 𾶣1
Ҷ˵ĻûĲȴףǺܼģǲıһ飡
Ҷ˵ĻȻ˵Եһ㣬ҲûأֻҪȥƻκεĶ˵ˣʲô㣬ҲԵȴ
ûʲôģȴŵĹʿҲǺܼûиҶ˲
Ȼûʲô㣬ΪʲôԽȥʲô߼Ҷ˴˵Դ˺ܲǰһ
ӣΪʥҪԣ㲻ܽȥҶ˵ǰ棬һֵҶǰ棬Ҷʱ޷ǰ
Ҷͣ˵ҪǾͽȱһ£ҽȥУ
˳Ĭ
Ҷˣ˼Ҷ˵ҪôܽҪá
Ҷ˱˵Щ仰ܿͷûȥΪ˵Ĳ߹еС̣
ףţ˰ôǲǶӶˣкóԵģȻûĺóԣҲ߷ζģҶ̴ӿռָóܶСԡز
ˣҶΪʲôЩĶھȼʱ򣬾ѾˣЩСԡزġ
ʵҲܼ򵥣͵ģ
ҶȻ֮ûгȥûʱȥСԣҲһֱʥû뿪ûжٻӴٵСز
ҶԺʱ򣬰ЩƶѿʱЩϰȻж౨ȻòʲôصĶԵСԡزһЩСǻõóġ
ЩҶ˲ûȥܾжپö٣
ۣǣҶЩôеģһʼСֻСԣܿͷҶ˵ЩزһЩҲʳġ
ڷֺõʳ֮ʱķӦ۷ⲻһеģгЩʳģͲῴġ
͵ģҪǶ㣡Ҷ˽ָеزС̣Ȼǳٶһ㣬֪СҪʲôС϶ǲҪģҪĽЩز
ţС̵ͷҶ˵زսĿռ
ڴʱ˿̣ƺ飬ˣոҶ˻Ϊ뷿ǰ˳ͻ
ȿȣӣ߰ɣп˼ѵͬʱҲҶ뿪ҶԼò顣
ŶáԣһҪȥҶ˱Ҳ˳˼ߵģϤĸоһᶨԼ֮ǰ
˳Ĭ˵˵ȥƺص㡣
ҶüȻ󿪿ڵ˵˭ԵĻҵܼܵһ棬Ȼǲݵģ
ҶԶվҶһߣͬʱҲ˽Ҷˣ֪Ҷ£ǲܻġ
ʵľʥ̵ʥŮֻǳһ£ϰ˵˳ʥŮҲһ
ֻΪãҶ˾ʸ֪飬Ҷʥ̵ĹҲʥ̵Ķˣ
ʥŮ
ҶŮǾһ£ô붼û뵽֮ⷿеľȻʥ̵ʥŮ
СҲˣԭ֮ǰ˵Ψһְҵˣ˽̻֮⣬ǾʥŮˣ
ʥŮʥ֮ʥĴڣʱλ̻ܳʣ
ʣŮʣŮʲôԭû޳ȥҶ˴ʵʥŮʣŮ˵ʥŮһ㶼ʣŮ
С˼ʥŮʣŮҶûҶһ¡
޳ȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
˵ʥŮȻûм޳ȥҶٴû˵
Ҷ⻰֮󣬾Ͱ˰֣ܲ˵ǲʣŮʲôֱģ

ӣ⻰˵˵ˣʥŮǰ˵Ļ˵˵ţ¶һ֮⣬ţûټ˵ˡ
ҶеɻĿŷУΪʲô˵ѵ𣿡
ţڵеͷ
ӣǵĻǸҿҲܰκãҶǿôĲˣҲһ˵ˣûб֤һκãֻ˵Ҳѡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣˣҲò£о㲻˵źܿͻæʥµʹ
ǼȻǾͽȥҶЦ˵Ȼ̤ȥ
ڴʱΪҶ˵ĶԻúܶһʱ֮ûзӦճ˵ҶҪȥʱ⣬ĻȥҲʲôˡ
ܿ˾ͷӦˣ
ڲԽȥԺԽȥڿԽȥŵĹʿҶ˵ǰ档
ԣԽϾͿԽ


346 𾶣2
ԺԽȥڽȥʲôϵ̣Ҷ˵ʼǿͻˣȻǿͻֻСȵġ
Ȼ㲻ŵĹʿٴη棬ͬʱѾȥ赲Ҷˡ
ֻΪʱҶѾΪΣ򣡣
ǸңСߣϣҶŭȵ߹ǰħһ˲뷢
ٶȳ֣
ȻС㣡
еҡͷеͷʹΪҶ߹ΪͬʱΪ˵ħͷʹ
Щ˶ԹҶ˵ħĿ֪࣬ǵħ׿Եµģ
ҺãǰЩʿҲ⣬еľǷϵķ
ֻЩʿ̽һ󷨣ȻһЩҶ˵ħ׻ơ

Ҷ߹һǵħΪֹûбƵģǸеܾȡ
˵ǰЩҪôǵҪôʵȽϵ͵ģٻ֣Ӧ˵ûгǰģʵ֣ʤǺü
ֻǣĶ鲢Ǻܶ࣬ʥ֮ҲûмֻĶ飬ĵ۹Ҳһ
ϾǴڵģҲҶ˸еһΣףԼʵҪӵľäĿĽ
ô˵ҶΣУʼԼʵһõ飡
Ҷ˿ǰЩˣüͷ֪ҪͻЩ˵ķһѵ飬鷳£
ʱ򣬷еҲǱߣҶ˸е鷳
ǹʿҪ𣬲Ҷ˽䣬ǲıģ
ӣ㻹Ȼȥһᣬһ취ȥģֻҲףΪʲôиоǲдˣ˵֮黹е֡
Ҷ˵ϤԼ֪ʲôʥ̵ȴֻ֪֮ⷿһ
ǴǴôܳôãҶҡҡͷ˵
ǵʲôоֻʥŮ棬ǲϤģʥŮ֮һֱʥǣһֱûʥǣŶʮѣǲܼģʮҲһҡҡͷ˵
Է񶨵ҶʥŮϤĿܣô㣬ʱϿռϣҶ˶ǲʥŮʶ
ϸһĻͻ֣ᷢʥŮһʮ꣬ΪҶʮ궼
ȻʣŮʣŮòҶ˸ûм˵ʥŮϤ£Ӧǲܵģ
ΪʲôҶ˻ĸо
ѵ˵һӵģעԵ֣
ûмˣҪϤĸоֻˣҲǺܶϲõĽڡ
Ҷ˵
֪ڻ֪Լôܻ֪
ֲǼʥŮֻҪĶѣҶҡҡͷ˵ŪףΪʲôǾԼҪȥʥŮأ
ʥŮⷿûκεĶлص
ܣֲʶʥŮôϤĸоһĶҶҡͷȻ
һĴˣûκεĶĹʿ˵뿪
Ȼ˵ĻҾֻȸˣҶ˰ڰ֣òĸˣתˡ

Ҷ˵ڳ˶һ㶣ϤҶ˵ˣĿɿڴҶ⳪һô뿪أ
ʵ̫ˣ
мһ⣬ʲôأ
ҶŮҶȥСѾҶ˵ߣƺѾҶջ˿Ȩ
˸ŹӣҪߣȥ˵һ£һֱ޳ùʥŮĻᣬȻܴзԸµ
Ҷ˿첽һ֮󣬾ת¥ݡ
ףô棬ѵϣʿŽȥûж˶̫⣬ǾֻһԭǾϡ
̧ͷȥǿҶŮӰһ
ʿǺңԼĲһĻͿʧȥҶ˵ӰֻǣǲףҶôȥˣ
ʱ¥ŵС̾ͺܺ棬ʵҶˣ¥ôܵˣǲ·ˣ
ûаҾҪΪҪȥأҶҡҡͷʵ

С̳ĬһᣬŬһᣬȻ뷨ֻΪʵ벻ҶӦûȥ
Ҷ˵ÿطпܻȥģ˵Ҫ뿪¥뿪ƶҲȥ¥Ҳȥ¥ȻҲҲ¥


347 𾶣3
ֻ䣬ûκεĿģ
һ㣬ܶ˶ŵЩʿΪ˽һ㣬Żڽ¥ݵʱ̧ͷ档
˵һ˵Ļһ׷ȥע⵽ҶѾܵ¥
ҶŮӰҲǵһ΢һ㣬Ҳע⵽ֻܿ¥֪ͨ
¥ԶԶͿҶ˳֣ȴûκεĶǵĹҲΪ֪Ҷ˵ĴڣͬʱҶĹʿҲǲҪ顣
Ҷ¥֮Ҳûпһ֮󣬽һû˵ķ䡣

Ҷ˽뷿Ҷ꣬沢ûĶеˣҶҪʲô·
ܵܣôˣǲߴˣҶ꿪ʵ
Ҳ߹ҪʵģôĪʲôûеķ˵ҶĻҲΪѰĿԣոҶȴǿ첽ȫûĸоûпϵ
˵Ҷ·ʲôĴҲ֪Ŀġ
ûߴˣҶҡҡͷشȻŵزһţһΣƺϸˡ
ʲô𣿡ҶʵͬʱҲڹ۲ܵôʲô
ҶûлشֻǶһ棬ƺҵҪҵġ
С̣ܿʲô𣿡ҶĵСֻ̣СһʿСҲȽ˽ҶˣԣҲʲġ
ֻǣСȴҡҡͷ˵ҿҲûκεĸо
ʱ򣬾С̿ΪҶʾҲео֮УƮŵĸоڸƷڱϡ
һΣһоûУǾֻ˵㣬ҪôоĶƷҪôʲôûС
ܿ죬ҲͳˣȷʲôûУֻǣ𰸵ķʽȴƷӵ⡣
ڴʱ˿̣ĹʿҲڷǶҶʲô˼еĪģѵëַˣ
ʿǿҶгһɹâǴҶȽϤĹâĹâ
ţҶһ˲һȻڵϣ
ʵǿˣǾԿһ˲ĶֻҶְһ£ȻȻһڵϡ
ڵըγһҲú죬ʱ򣬴ֻģԲŻô졣
ܿģǾ֪ԭģǴһѾʮᣡ
һģǱģĹЧܿõذʧڴҵǰһԲȦ
󣿣
벻÷ڵذϴֻǲˣҶΪʲôҪ
ȵȣǲͱʾѾ˵ذ壬¥Ѳɡ
ܵܣ㡭Ҷ߹Ѿһ㣬ͬʱҲˣΪʲôҶ֮ǰô˵ֱתˣԭһУ
ȥҶ˴ذϵĶȥֱ¥֮УСҲͬȥ
Ҷ߹˵ˣֱӾȥˣСȻᶷħҲİ취ʹɵؾ͵¥ĵ档
ֻһ¥ѣֲʲôߵľ룬κ˵ѡ
ʿһѾˣҶҪʲôΪǵĲ²⣬ϾΧȥķ䡣
һâλõĳǰٷְȷ䣬ʥŮڵķ䣬ҲǸոҶҪȥ˲ȥķ䡣
ҲˣҶ˸ոյĹΪԭһУ
Ȼ¥ͨذ壬ֱӵʥŮķ䣬ʵǳ˵֮⣬Ƿʤ
дˣˣʥŮķˣ֮󣬹ʿ֪̾ͨˡ
ʲôȥˣôȥģյϢ֮󣬴һᣬȻʵ
ոôֽȥˣЩŵô£ôȥˣ֮ǰǲǷغܺ
벻ͨôҲ뵽Ҷ˻¥ȥ
¥ʥŮϷȻٴͨ¥ĵزҲ¥컨壬ȥˣ
гĬͣס˽ŲڳƬ֮תȥҶڵʥŮ䡣


348 淴1
֪ȥҴҲûˣҶ˶ѾȥˣҪĻȴ˵ˣ
¥컨塭
ӣĳȻķʽҲʧΪһð취
ܻǽ֮󣬾ͻǽǿԷסһеķǺܶ˶еä
Ȼˣڹʥ֮УҲ˿͸äͱԭػѾŶЩʿ
㡭㡭ЩʿҶˣѾ˵ˣĻǿ컨巢
ҲҶһʱЩʿܻȵл֮ǲ֪ҶѾˡ
ĲҶˣˣҶŮиŵĹʿǣôˣôĶ˵Ҫǻһ֪ĻǾͲʸվ⣡
ڰûڣԼôû컨壬ԼѾڱϵΪʲôû뵽µķҲҪأ
ûʥŮķ䣬ϵķ֮Уһ˷Ҫǽ룬ҲҪЩĹʿ
Ҷֱ¥ԭǿڱϷΪʡȴ鷳ֱ¥ˡ
ڿǣ¥ҲҲ˷ţ¥ô˵ҲҪ򵥣ȴеܰοûκεķɽˡ
ȥͻЩʿĲʽںܶˣ
ô죿ĹʿʵѾ֪ôȥֻܴĿţߵ쵼ˡڳģְ֮λߵġ
ô죬֪̻̣ͨûκεİ취ˣʿеġ쵼ˡֻε»Ҫǵĸϵ쵼
ЩǷˣǴˣˣһܸɴץסߣȻ͹ȥˣ
Ҷ˵ݲһϻôġԼͬ¡ԼѾ޷ˣ
ѾǵְΧ֮ˣ
˾е֣һ־һһһӮˣһ޷ټˣֻգ

Ҷڽʱ򣬾һֱǿţûκεĶȷԼĸо
Ϊʲôأ
ԼǰûнӴıѵ˵ˣȻҶǿ˵ΪĹϵֻģģмиˣʲô
͸ȲǺܺãұҲȣ޷ôġ
Ǿ˵Լʶˣ
ܵܣôˣǲʶʥŮҶɻʵȻҲ֪Ƿ񶨵ģҶǲܻʶˡ
С˽𣬾Ҷ뿪һʱ䣬ԼҲмԼӣһһʮض˵˳
ҶҶ˵̱֡ƹССϸûзŹֺοʶʥŮô飡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʶģѾжʮһʷҲ˵ڶʮһǰѾ棬ôܻʶ
ô֪ʮһˣҶ˵׼ȷ֣ػĹʿʮ־ȣǹҶ˵Ĵ˵֪ĲǺܶ࣬Щ⡣
ȡ֮ԴĵǣǺѵõһֲϣԽıȥǧҲһ仯ģԱˣ˿ǧ겻۾ǧᱻ治ԶҶ˻˵ȻҲһָ֢ĻǾͻܳһСƫܻᱻƻ
һ˵ֲϣǱһ֮˵ûа취֮²ŻʹõĶţʥŮ֮ǰһǣԲŻᱻ档
ʿû˵Ϊʥ̵Ļܣûж֪Ҳ£֪Ⲣ֪顣
ҶҲЩ˵ŸոյĻ⣺ˣصոյ⣬Ҫ֪ʹ˶ʱ䣬ʵԴ˵ȣںϣ͵ʱǳΪףĳ壬֮ÿ춼״ԽԽ򡭡Ρ
Ҷ˿ʼ˵㲻ͬҿʼ㣬㲻ͬĶһܸӵĹɣȻٵóʱõĴ𰸡
һĶһһ㶵ģʱҲһȥҶ˻û˵ʱҶѾˣ
ˣ㲻øṇֻ̀ҪǣʲôϤĸоҵûУҶֹҶˣʱ˿񣬾ͺžһ
лŮǴӿຣ֮ȳĤݡ
ҵˣҶָű˵


349 淴2
˵ʥŮҶʵʥŮ⼸ǹϵ飬û˻ȥɣҲû˻ȥʡ
ھʥ̵û˵ҶҲܲ³ʥŮΪĳԭ򣬱ڱϢȴһֱûй
ֲʮûôйʥŮĻ
ʥŮ˶ʮһ꣬ȴһֱû֪ҲûȥɣͿ˵㣬һǣʥ̵ʥŮһ㶼֣ĳʺ٣Ҳûȥġ
һǡ
ʥ̵ıܹĺã
ͬʱҶ꼸ҲףʥŮҶһᱻæûз飬ҲһᷢģҲǱȻģ
Ҷеɻ˵ţġ
ʲô˵ʥŮ϶ϤʥŮҶһҲܿˣΪʵ̫˼ˡ
뵽ǣҶϤģһǸǰһ֮˾Ϳ֤һ㡣
ҲһʥŮϵһǸоģҶҡҡͷһűһ˵
⻹ܽһ㣬Ҳе㲻ܣ˵ѾʮһˣСǸʱĶҶҲһָؽűе¡
ţҲ֣ʲôǲϵĳĹоȴģҵģҶеͲˣȷͷۡ
ô죿Ҷٴʵ
ŪʲôˣҶ˿űƽ˵š
ԣ
ʱѾȺ֮еķһֹҶε뷨ôʱ䣬Ѿ㹻÷ܻˡ
ȻҲñȥ̵֪ͨˣû뵽ǣ·ϵʱ򣬾ײĸ̡
ǣоͶĸ̼򵥵˵һ飬ȻܹҶʲô飬ĸ̾߹
ֻĸҲǿʵˣҲӿ˽Ųڷй֮ûãҲеֳÿֹҶ˵
ϵĴǣֳͿľҶ˵ҲñȽϹ졣
ιιСӺܲ򵥰˵еԺ
ֻƽʱԺѣڴ·棬һҲԺһյСŮʵӦӡ̣
ȲҪ˵ЩҪĻǿСʲô취С
ǰСѾʮһˣȻ򲻵ѵģһҲã
ǻʲôȥС̸̸
ҿҲǣڲȥĻСӿֱӰѱŪ

У˰Ҷڿгֵʱ򣬾ڴ˸кȻű
ӣѾ˰ɣǾͰæȾǵʥŮˣҶߣǱ֮ѾģʥŮҶˡ
òʥŮǲСѵм飬Ŷ飡
ʥŮ𣿡Ҷʯ쾪ʵ


˶Ҷ˵仰ʻŪˣ˵
飡ҶݺݵҶһ¡
۰
˵㿴дһ˲ŵģôܽãӦ˵оˣҶ
ιιǾ𣿻һ˼
òǾ𣿡ҶеԻʵ
ֱˡҶɫʼҶ˽н
ˣˣ˼˶ѣ˵ô𣿡߹û˵
ǣǣ˵ô԰ǲˣʥŮǲģҲûʸһ𣡣һʼлڵͷ˵һ֮ŷ⻰֮źܴ⡣
ǵĻʲô˾ûôţĺܣҶ˿ŷУһҶõӡ
ʱĹʿȷܵʥŮ棬ǲǺżûһ
ҽʲôǹǵʥŮˣʥÿ˵Ըеŭˣ˵ҲȽϴˡ
Ҷûؼ˵Уһ⣡
ʲôɻ
ʥŮʶ𣿡
ʶʮǰǻСʱһ𡭡кʵػش
ŶԭС޲£÷Ҷ˵ͷ˵
˳Ĭ
˵˲ˣʥŮ˴СһˣֻǼʱһϿΡ˵ˡбеڳݲˡ
˵Ͳ˵ˣҶãһᡭҶ˵ͷЦ˵
ҪǼ˵ȥʥŮҪǸˣСӡ


350 淴3
ȿȣ
̲סԴҶ˵ĻȻ˵ҶҶӣҪлΪʥΪʥĹףûĻǻ鷳޷ʰĵزֻˣҲܶǵʥŮ
вҶֵʵ

ôش𣬸ָⲻǴҪٶʥŮһΡ
ЩʱҪ˵ˣֻ֪ûа취ʥŮһ̿Ҷˣ˵
ǾҪˣҶ˿Ǳ֮еӰص
ʲô̵˽ŵʵ
Ҷһ۴̼ˣ˵ʲôҪ˵֪
˵ʲô㲻֪𣿡̵еԺʵŪҶҪԼ˵ʲôԼĲŶԡ
ǲ˵Ļô֪Щ˻ˣѲɵ𣿡Ҷ˿Ŵ̼ˣףİ̥𣿡

ȻҶ˿ĸ̵ʱ򣬸оһģ̳һֱ治ĸĸ
ǲ˵Ͳ֪𣿡̵ٴʵ룬ĻҶƺеԹʵˣһܽʥŮȳ
ֻǣƺһ㡭
ǲ˵ϻô֪ʮһǰǷʲô飬ʥŮΪʲôᱻװЩ鶼ҪǸң˵Ļһ֪𣿡Ҷû˵Ȼٲһ䣺ˣȷͿ

˳Ĭĸ̸еǷԼȻôͿҽҲӦðѲ˵Ĳ˵һ£ҶʥŮģô֪ʥŮʲô飬ָôȥ֢ҩ
ҵУ¶뿪Źϣغκ˽УҲҪһ̿ڵҪ˵һЩˣǲôˡ
峡ʱˣ
ǣ̣Ӧոշˣ֮ǰҪҵṆ̀𾴵һ̡
ľͲ鷳ˣҶʱһ֣һ˳ȥ컨ϣոʹþһһâ
һ˲䣬˾е㲻˼鷢ˡ
ڹâγ֮мһƯЩƯйƶţܿͽһ𣬿ʼ޲컨塣
Ƭ֮Ǹ컨ָԭӣȫκεĺۼͺǸûгֹһ
⣬ʲôҲ̫˼ˣ
˶ؿǸָ֮컨壬Ѿ޷Լĵ𾪣
һѾ컨壬ôܾĸԭأ
Ҷ겻ף߹Ҳףʥ̵ҲһףȻˣСҲףΪʿӵ𾪣Ϊ˽
Ҷˣ㣬ôģ컨Ѿ㾻ˣôָֻˣС̴ʵ
仰Ҷ߹ѾףҶ˵һûСϣһ˵С̶Ҷ˵ĵһƷ߹ڣ
淴󣬽֮ǰĶֻҪıһ¾ͿԣֻʱҲ̫ãҶ˻شջ֣ȴĸ̵Ļ
ֻʱ򣬰ĸڵˣ֡淴
ԭ󻹿棬Сӣȷ˴ۼ
ǻû׼ø𣿡Ҷ˿ŷĴǣˣȻ˾ò
С̶ŷ˵ʹһɫľʲôҲûҲʲôû˵
ǣеͷ֪Ҫʲô
ܿ죬дŹʿ峡ˡ
֨
űʿرգʱ򣬷֮оֻʣĸ̣ҶҶŮ
֪λСȥǲܵģǴӦһ£ҪʥŮ˵̶ҶŮ˵
ߣҶܲˬתͷһӶûи⼸̡
ҪǱ˿Ҷ겻֪ջᣬʥ̵Ĵ̺úദǵõĺôǱġ
ΪҶҵҶ죬ɵѾͷߵˣˣͬۡ
ֻڸֵҶˣȴ˵Ϊ˭֪˭һԶ޷Ĺġ
ҶҲǲ֪ҲǲýʣֻΪոĸŸ뿪Ҷˬ
ĸֻ̱ҪҶһУپ٣ҶŮ˵޹ҪˣǺȻľͿݱһ¡


351 ʥŮ1
ֻǣĴ̵뷨ҶŮȴ뿪Ҷˣû˿뿪ҶˣҪˣᱻǻΪܻӭʿΧ
ҶˣȻվҶߣ˵ܵ飬ǶԴҲֻܽˣȻҶ
̴ǣģǲ˵ȥģ߹˵
ǵģǲᣬֻǣǲұ֤Ҷ˻᲻˵СһС˵ţ仰Ҳֱָĺġ
ԶԣҶ˵ȥҲûа취ˣܲܲҶˣôȥʥŮ
ģҲ˵ģֻҪûҡҶ˺سŵֻǣĳŵ˸о
ֻҪû㣬ҪʵĻǲǶѻ˵أ
ˣɣǻǽɣҡҡͷε˵ģΪĳһ飬ʥŮ˻ˣصʹñ
һ㣡Ҷ˷ĻʵҲ̫ˣԼѾ³ˡ
Ҳ˵ǻܣֻ˵һıʥŮոպóıƷ˵
Ҷüٴ˵һ㣡ָʥŮƣǿԼԣԲ˵Ǿһһʮ˿ĸң
Ҳʼע⵽Լƺ·֮ǰҶ˵˵ȥҲǶģΪҶҪ֪Ķô򵥣Ҫ̫ӣ
ʲôǿԲ˵ʱʲô⣬ɲҪңҶ˲˵ȻȥǱƺЩʲôƺ׼֡
𣬱һһֹҶˡ
кüˣ౻̴󱻻һһƬ飬鷳ĵط뵶ˣǶԴǶһ飬ѾˣҪŪҲǻ췦Уһֶҩ˵׼ȷıʻ˵λá
˵֮Ůоһ⣬Ҿеģʵ̫ˣ
Ҳѹֲ֪֪ԼʥŮһǽܲˣ
ڵʱ˵Ҳûκεİ취Ҫ˵ʱҲһûа취Ӧ˿ԵϣʹñסʥŮȻĻʥŮһ
ʱҶ˵ɫҲأΪĶҪغܶ࣬Ҳصơ
һ˵ƣҶ˻ûм֮ǰ˾ͻѾȥȻͼôصġ
ôǲǺ鷳ĻҲǰʥŮٻԱס꣬ʱµİ취̿Ҷı飬֪¶Ҷ˵ҲǺ鷳顣
ҶüڱתһȦ΢Ц˵ǱȽ鷳Ҳ˵һ취ûеģ
а취𣿡̿Ҷ˵΢Ц֮󣬾˷ܵʵ
ʱ򣬴ƺ֣Ҷ˵΢ЦõĶΪ΢ЦǴϣ
ƽʱʱǴϣ΢ЦʱҶȴǴϣǾúܹ֣ҲνˣֻҪܾȳʥŮһжνˡ
ǵģֻһΣԣҲź֢ϣҪǲҪУϣԼ֪ϵʲôôԨԴҶ˿ű˵ûԼ뷨Ҳһķ
Σԣ֢
ĸ̶һ£ҲΪϰ˹ħķ㣬ϰûκΣգûԺ֢ħ
ܿ죬ǿʼǶϣ˸ԼҪ
ô˵һСβСĻǲǺ
ҲֻһĻᷢҾӦòһ£
˵ɣһ£Сģ
ѵǾһ֮УǺҵĻ

Уܶа취СǸʱ֣ûһԼʶˣǾ͵һİӦ𣬻ţʱһѣ
⡭
ھСܳʱ鶼Ѿǲ꣬һŮҲһӦ

һ˵ҲʥŮһֱڱ֮УʥҪʥŮʮһˣѾ˶ˣѾʼ׼ȥѡµģ
ðɣͷһҪҶСӵѾǵһδ漣ˣ



352 ʥŮ2
ҶˣҶȥ
ŶǴʲôҶͷҲأű顣
Ǿˣȥȥԣ˵
ȻˣǶȥɣҶ˵΢΢һҡʾô뿪
һʱûзӦֻӦһ䡰ŶȻǾתȥܿǾͷмĲԡ
ΪʲôǳȥҪ㣡
ûʲôãǻң˵ˣҲܽܲʥŮڵӡ
ŶǾȳȥˣţʲôµĻֱӽǣ˵˿Ҷˣٿ˿Ǳ˳˷䡣
㣬СߣС̣Ҳرһ£ܣǻܲˣҶ˵֮󣬾Ҷ꼸뿪
ðɣҲţҶʱȻûоˬľʹӦˣ߹е֡
߹ܿ뵽ˣҶΪ뿴ʥŮǸƵ壬붼еġ
ȻˣҶҲΪҪΪﲻκεæܻҶҡ
㡭СΨһ԰æˡ
ˣһ뿪齻ңûҪ㿴ĳ桭ҶҡҡͷСһЦ
һЦС̵Ķʼģ֪ҶΪչһЩ鶼һеˣ
ֻС̵ֻһᣬܿ죬ӹĹĵġ
ʵ˵ʲôʱͻεпչ㣡Ҷ뷨չһˡ
ߣˣС̶ţתҶȥ
ŶˣǲҪţҪܳʱ䣬죬ҪʮµģҶ˵
Ҫô𣿡Ҷе⣬ԭΪҶ˻ںܿᳬһ졣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ţ⻹ֹ۵˵ʥŮõĻǾҪʱ䣡
㲻Ҫˣ߹е۵˵
ۻ˵ϣֻǿƼ󣬶ҲԶУһֻǿŶѣҶҡͷ
Լעһ㣬ñ飬ñȥ߹ͷԸһ䡣
ţҶ˵ͷ
ҶŮҲ뿪ˣſڽҶ˵ʱһ´̣ȻȥǻҪĶͨţȻͻȥ׼λˡ
һҶ˸ʥŮβԼûʲô⣬ҶŮȻᵣʲôҶβҲһˣԺöüˡ
ֻǣҶ˵ʱĻһǸϲλĽУ֪᲻Ϊչˡ
ȡʸ£Ҷ˵ò飬ԭûʲôȤȥ˱ϲ˱
꣬ôҶҵ𣿡һֱſڵţҶ˳ʵ
ʱ򣬶Ҳһ߻ѺŮ櫣ͬʱһҶ˵ԩСŮƷơ
ᣬǲǹҶˣҶˣҪˣ
һʱ䣬Ҫʮ죬ùˣҶ˵ҶΪʲô飬û˵ΪǴӦʥЩ˵ġ
ǰɣƶåôʸס棿ŮƷ
λС㣬㲻ҪååĽеܵܣȻÿģҶ꿴ŮƷƣǲˬ˵
һåˣȥףҪȢС檣˵ҲôåŮƷƺʾؿҶꡣ
ô£ʲôףҵܵȥμʲôףԸȥŹ֣Ҷܿͷ¡
꣬ôһ£Ҷ˺˵һ£Ǻֻ֪Ҷ˵Ҫһˡ߹
ԭǰˡ˵˵ϸҶŮƷƵʱֲܻȥҶˣҶ˵飬һ˿һС¶Ҫ֪
ġŮƷƿһҶ꣬ҲûֱŤҲһˣ֪ʲôʱʲôֻҶ˵Ĵڻó嶯
Ҷ߹С̾ţǹҶ˵飬ǶϸţŹκεϸڣҲȥƻ
ҲܺҶôģһţҲֻ
ŮƷƵĿУҶ˵ıƺе㱰ɿɶ񣬵ŮǴˣóЩطǴŮƷƵĸɫʵġ
Ҷڱ׵ı֣ȷ˾ÿɶ
飬ҲֻҶ˲óǺֻ֪ﵽĿġ
ԣܵܣҶˣڰǸ»֮Ҷ߹̸һ𰸡


353 ʥŮ3
ﰮ»ɡ»û˵Ҹոտ»å̬ȣҲѣåôȥŮƷҡͷ
룬Ҷڱ䳡ı֣˭ģȥС檵ģͲֳôɶһ棡߹˵
У˵Ҷ˵ûŰֻһ̨ףð»ģҶǲΪһûĽָϰټóһͿǸ»ԾͷСʱҲ
ûܾܵŰ»Ҳ˵Ϊ˰»ȥģҶ϶顣
Ϊ˰»ǰ»ôû˵ңǵĹϵҲǺܺðΪʲôåҪﰮ»ŮƷƸ㲻ˡ
Ǹ»˵ֻ˵ûԣ壬˹֮󣬾ͰѵܸܵԺ󣡡Ҷܲм˵
˵ոհ»ڣĸ߹ʵ
֮ǰ˵åǸеڵ꣬ǸŮƷƽ»ָڳļŮ»ԱȽ׵
˵֮ǰ»Ǻܺڵģڱ׵ʱ򡣡С̷ʵһ󣬲ȴҲ
ţܺڣڵϲ⼸Ѿָ˺ܶ࣡ŮƷƵͷ
ǾͺܼˣǸ»ĺҶɵģҼǵҶиʲôٺҩ裬֮ͻȫڣžʧɵģһǳβŰģС̲²
ʵС̵Ĳ²Ѿ˾ŲʮˣȻҶ˵ʱҲǳںģ»Ըжһ£ԲŻȥæ
֮Ҷֻ˵ӵ˸жĸˣһһˣһˣԼǻæ
ֻΪϣ˸жѾˡ
ҲŲţ𣿡ŮƷƲԸţҶһֱһһå
ﲻˣˣʳѾǸˣݣǺĲԼҶߵ±ͲôˬҲϲŮƷơ
£һŪҵĴǾҵĴһϴŮƷҲܸɴ࣬ԸֱȽֱˬģϴĸ߰С㡣
ȥѵδϵĻͲҪҵܵܣɵɵĺ۸ҿɲһҶ˵
˵»ϣŮƷƾֻѡҶ˻Ű»ǲȥҶˣ˵ҶͺܸɴŮƷƲҪӽҶˡ
ŮƷһεõĴ𰸣Ƿ񶨵ģ»ˣ˵ԼҶ˲죬Լǿʵÿɯġ
ʵҲְܹ»񶨣ʵΪŮƷʵĳϲʣȻǵſɯʣģһ˶񶨡
Ҳһ֤»һֵĺѣѶ㲻ϣֻʶġ
Ҳ֮󣬻Ʒƽһ£÷ƷƲҪڿɯǰ¡
ȻˣҲܷ񶨰»ԿɯİΪ̫ɯŻ

ҶǸԻȥˣʥҲµסеѧԱҲҶŮһȨǿԽƶҶˣƺҶġ
Ҷ˵ǣǿԼһᷢ쭣ֻģ
˵Ҷ˳ȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼڷ仭ԱΪģ뾶Լʮ׵
һûҶ˵û˿Դýƻˣϣû˿
٣ڶʱǲģ
ͬʱ˸˿ռ֮⣬ϣ˿棬Ҳû֪Ҷôоεġ
֮ѶĹҽʦ߲ѣҶΪǿҵǴ飬ȻЩǴҶġ
ҽʦڷйһ֮ҲȥˣȥԼոµ顣
棬𣿡̿ЩҽʦҪ뿪е㵣ĵʵ
ܳʲô飬Ҷǲµģҽʦܲ˵żˡ
˵ĲҶӣ˵ʥŮüͷţЩô£Լ˼ˣôȻҶСӡ
ѵ˵ǵУСҪʥŮҪ
ʥŮ˰ӦòģҶĶӦʹһЩҽʦص
ģ֮ǰص飬ûʹùͿǾ˵һʥŮյĳɹǺܴġҽʦЩ̻Ҫ˵ʲôǾͼһ䣬ȻǺϴҶ⡣
򵥵˵Ҷһõİ취Ҫ֮ǰжҪʥŮյļʻܴ


354 ޸飨1
Ǽʺܴ󣿡̶˵ƺ⡣
̴ˣҽʦаٷְٳɹ˵ʺܴѾõģҽʦ˵
е㲻ϡǵãǰҽʦ˵һɹ֮ġ
һ㣬ҲΪҶˣҶ˵κεҽпܻʧΪʵ̫ڸӣҲû֪
ͬʱÿһ˵״ǲһģԣһ˿ܻвһķӦ
ϸ֮󣬾ͷǰһЩܾԭ֮ǰǶûȥ⡣
Ϊھͱǫ˵Լٷְٿһֲصģӵģ
ʥŮҽʦ֪Ϊÿ궼Ŭ飬뷽跨ʥŮԸգ
ҽʦˣǻһҲ³ʲô⣬Էһ׼
ʱһĹȥҶ˻ûд濴ƽͺʲô鶼ûзһ
ĻһԾ𾪣ľ
Ҷһʼʱ򣬲ñȫʧҪñԣһַֺñһڻ
ȽʥŮ˵Ĳλ¶ȻٽΣλ֮ڻͿʥŮһֱڱ״̬ȴԶơ
һʵµĹؼ˵ҽʦһĻҲǿĻָʥŮ壬ֻһҶ֮⣬û˿
ʼգҶ˶ûнʥŮϵλڻΪǱֱ״̬ĹؼһȥЩʥŮͿܻѹ״϶޷ֶá
ûѵʱ򣬾Ѿֲס
ΪʲôҶ˻ôãûнʥŮȫ⣬ָƣԼơ
ΪҶ˻Ҫһ£ʥŮ鷳һ£ΪµĻҶѾɹˣҽ˻ֵҪô顣
鷳飬Ĺؼ˱ڻҽʦҲҪȥ飬ǾʥŮһӱ
мȻٱȽ٣ҲһǲȱٵģָǾʥŮطκˣҲ˶á
ʥŮĶ𴦣һâҶ˽һС鴦ΪľʱʥŮܡ
ҪЩЩѾ޷ָģܻµɲӰĶˡ
ͨ˿ĻúܶĺܶģҲҶ뿪赲ߵԵʡ
һҽʦЩ޷ӱܵģ˲һûҪ
ҶʱҲöģΪûʱȥģҪʵ̫ˣҪ۲ҪԲߣҪ󡭡
ȷһ֮Ҷ˵˵һ䣺Ҫ٣
˵ʱʿҶ˵仰һΪԾΪǴûⷽй
һΪɵ飡
һû˳ɹҪΪƷʵ̫ڲ̣û˻ȥôҲû˻
Ҷ˲Ƕ˽ϳɣϵģƺҲͬеҽʦҲԹ٣Ϳһ˵õµĻᡣ
ֻʵ̫ˣǶҲһܳɹοӵ֮顣
飬ҶҲûҲǵһΣҲΪҪôʱ䣡
ʥŮ𴦣һ֮УһģװЩһ壬Ѫġ
ЩӲƾճֵģҶ֮ǰ֯ȻһЩγɵġ
һƾܱħǵȼ۽ģͬĶͬɵĶ
ֻǽЩ״̬б仯߼һģǽеķӽзֽ⣬飡
Ĺâڼз⣬֮еѾԽԽ٣෴ӹɵҲԽԽ
žǽʥŮ֮ϣȻںϡ
Ҷ˽˲ֹһ飡
ֻΪⲢһӾܳɹ飬ҶҲǵһΣɵ̫̫⣬ļҲ˵Ĺܶ޷УǾǳ׵׵ʧܡ
Ҷֽ˺ܶΣڤԼһδʧ֮ˣЩٶˣճĻʵˡ
ԺͬҶ˿һ֮ھͿɣ


355 ޸飨2
֮Ҷ˾Ƥ֯Ū꣬ͲҪ飬ֻǼʥŮԼܣں˿ڣȻ˿Ǵһ㣬˵ⲻ⡣
ҲǵһԺ׾ˣ
ǰʱҶҲ˿ڵģ˿ȻϣȻûйħЧãҲŲһĺô
ţҶٶʥŮΣЩ˿ڰ̺۶ȥΧƤںһ𣬿й˰̣Ӵ˿ڶȫָ͸˵ĵط
Ϊ˷ֹһҶ˻ʥŮڴ˼ѾǴ󣬸һ󷨡
֮Ҷ˾ȥǸ硭
Ҷˣ𣿡ȥ֮ȺŵһҽʦϷˣ̾ʵ
ͬʱԼĴ𰸣ǾмʥŮ
ûУѾɵĲˣֻҪһҪǵİæٽмһͷǿһ㣡Ҷ˻ص
ţˣǹҽʦͷѾҶҪʲôһ㣬֪ġ
ҽʦȥһ£ȻһνһνĲһˣȺẉ̂оɹҶŮ
ܵܣ𣿡ҶȾʵ
ˣھûңҲˣҶ˵ͷ˵ţŪԵģеˣ
˵ʱҶ˶Լ˼󣬽ԼϵණҪϴ軹ҪףҺܷ㡣
ֻһ˵ҶǲϲģҪԼͨһɣˮϴһȤ
Ŷ֪ˣС̵ͷȻڱϰڳһϯζ뱸ˣе۾
ʱûȥעС̣ҲûȥҶȥԶǹעĻмʥŮ
˶ʥŮǹ⻬СȫûκһĺۼȻ̶ָȣ̫˼ˣôģ
У״̬
Ҷˣôģʲô취ָʥŮĸУô£Կ𣿡ǹҽʦֱܴӾܹʡ
ʱ򣬴Ҷûйеʱ䣬ʱҶˣҪȵʲôʱأ
Ҷ˻شʼ

˭֪ʵǾġ
İȻʼָʥŮ壬ϸһģҲ˵Ҳţʵǲ򲻵ǲõģҶҡҡͷ˵
ڵļӦóֻ֣ѣ
Ҫ򲻵ѵأҽʦʵҪ֪
ģ̫ˣһ궼֡ҶȴҡҡͷǾ͵Ҳ˽ɣ
ҽʦˣҶѾ˵ˣǾӦʶһ㡣
ͬʱҲΪҶ˻˽֮ǰҶ˲֪Ƕٵĸ߼ǵҽͻͽ
뵽ΪʺǣֻҶ˲Ųǣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ͲٹˣԹųԶҳಢûô˹ģȻû˹Ĺǰһμ˺ܶ࡭
Ҷˣܶ㶼ôģҶ̻ʵӣСеᡣ
ţҺܶ𣿡Ҷ˵ͷʵûûҹģѾʱ
ǵģѾȥˣģλ㻹ǿԼμӣҶͷЦŶҶ˵š
ŶΪʲôǿԵң֣ɴҳǸɴһ㣡Ҷ˲ô˵
˭ҳȱϯ󣬲Ȼλûһֱţ߹Ц˵
Ҷһʼȱϯ£ѧԺ֮бˣ˶֪ȻҶȱϯȴȨûб
ƽ飬úܶ˶òԴп飬ˣԶԶûֵ֧˶࣬Ҳʱˡ
Ҳ˭֧ҶˣҪ˵һѧԺʼѧԺҶѧԺٰ췽ʥǶ֧Ҷˣ˵ҶһҪ飬ȥ
ΪʲôңûвǣҶе㲻ʵ仰Ҳڳܶ˸е
ţǰв˰
Ϊ£Ҷڰ㣡߹Ц˵
ŶԭǴҰæвġҶ˺Ƕˡ

ܿ죬һЩҽʦʮ𼱵ܹ뷿֮ǱʥŮŪסˣһ
ţǾͿʼȥҶˡ


356 գ1
Ҷ˹ˣҪʲôЩҽʦǹ˵ȻǵҪҶ˴ܶ࣬еҶ˵үүǶҶȴȻֹ̬ȡ
ѾԽƣһһųĳɾͣõĹΪСı䡣
ҶûгشֻƴĳԶƬ֮ٽʳȻһȥŬȥ
ΪĶ̫ˡ
һߵСˮȥ˵һ԰û˺ǵģôʲô
ˡҶ˽ӹˮ˽ȥ
һĳ̾Ҫԣ»Ҫ£
Ҷ˵֮󣬱ʥŮȥʱҶŮҲˣΪʲôҶ˸ոճԵôԭ֪Լʱ䲻ܶࡣ
ֻΪʲôҪôҿ࣬һʥŮ
ŮΪʥŮһСС֮飬ʥŮеԩΪʲôѽ
ˣҳʱǾͶʥŮʹǿħҪһ˲佫࣬ԼκãûɣҶ˲˲ͣ־ӸС̣Щҽʦ˵
û⣡ЩͿǵģȥʱܲ׼ȷĸʱ䣬һ㣡ҽʦͷӦҶˡ
˵Ҷ˽ʥŮĸ⣬ʵ׽Ҫ㶨ʣµһҲѡ
ԣһᵹģҶ˵ͷ˵
ʱ򣬹ҽʦ֮У¶˾ɵ飬ڿʱ򣬾ѾףҶ˿ԿĻ̶ָȡ
ֻǣǻе㲻ţҶ˿ô׼ȷ
ʼˣעһ㣡ҶһһǰĹââ֮俪ʼۿɼĹߡ
ֹߣͺֱӵľϵһִڵĻһΪҶ˵е磬űŵ硣
Ҷ˵ġŵ硱֮£ͿʼйɵڻӦ˵ջأҪصǸ֮С
ȻջǵĹЧٴʹõĻЧֻ꣬ü֮󣬿ֻܾм꣬£졭
ô˵Ҳǲɶõı
һ£ջرǵʱ򣬶ᰴԼĹںܿʱɣǲơ
ҶƱգñͣģǰδŵģ
ǻΪǰĹ̶˼룬û棬Ϊǿ˼·Ĺ̻һص⡣
ʱһʵͨıһϰΪĻڣͿԵõʵı仯
ҶʾһȥЩñԽԽ
עˣڵһ̶֮ʱҶ˾Ϳʼˡ
ʮ
ţ



һ
ʼ
Ҷˡһ֮ЩҽʦħѾʩųѾֹÿ˶иĵط
һħʥŮϣЩһ˲ʧ
ڹҽʦʹħͬʱҶҲʥŮϼ룬ӱ
ˣ
ڹâ֮󣬹ҽʦħҲˣѾеʥŮϢѾָҲΪǲջħ
ҶҲͬʱջ룬˳ץʥŮ֣ϸĹ۲״ҪȷʥŮ壬ĵطǲ
áȷϹ֮Ҷ˵ͷ˵ţӦǺġ
Ҷ˹ӣʲô취ƱǵģЩҽʦʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪáҶ˿ʼЩҽʦñǵһƵģһЩܼ򵥵Ϳ
Ҷ˵ô򵥣ЩҽʦȴԽǲô򵥵İ취ǾȻûȥ룬ǰΪԼҽ
ܵܣô֪ģҶʵֻʣҪ֪𰸣ʱҶ˻شʱҶûش
һ˵Ҷ˻شĴ󲿷ҶģҶûشģ󲿷Ҷģشȥֻӭ⡣
һǣùΣ֪Ҷڻص
ߣʱСͻȻһ䣬Ͼǲ˵顣
Сı飬Ҷ߹ˣʵǲǽС̶ΣӦþС̲˵ɣᱻҶ˵ʵƷ
ţҲʳЩһǮ˴ģлԴ򵽵ģҶ˵ͷܲ˵
ñȥҶʵ


357 գ2
ţ˵мҪһ£Ȼͻʧȥζʱ̣Ϊ˺óԵģֻȥˣҶ˵
ˣȻôıʳʵ̫Ǹʲôˣԣ̫ܼˣ
С̣ҲǵģñŪϣҶֻȥ˵С̣Ϊ˵Ҷ˵ǰ˵һ
ǰǺöЩԭûа취ŪҶñæߣЩǵһԣ㾹ȻҸסˣС˵󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ǲСİҶ˾
һǲСģ㶳ҼΣλĴΣС΢ŭݺݵذҶһۡ
ɲңҲ᲻ã
ôܹ࣬ΣҶΪԼ⣬ıƺܲ԰ף
˳Ĭ
ˣҶˣ㲻˵ϤĸоҵϤĶûУ߹ͻȻ£Ҷ֮Իԭ
ˣҶûע⣡оڣʥŮˣֲ֣ʶҿǲΡҶͻȻʥŮϾʹסˣʼԼǲΡ
ôˣʲôΣ߹˲ؿҶˣҶ˵ӦӦġ
ֻʲô⣬ʥŮ˶ʮһ꣬Ҷ˵ͶҪôܻнʣѵǴ˵е
뷨ҲʥǵЩˣҶ˺ɻ
һΣһ˯һ˵ҶҡҡͷȻͺܸɴصʥŮϣȻ˯
Ҷ˵뷨ʵΣԼﶼνʥŮҲһν
ֻǣξʥŮϣǿһص⣬ܻʥǵͣΪʥ̵ĵˡ
ΪʥŮ

˿Ҷ˷ʥŮϾͲ˵ˣȻ˵˯˯Ҳ̫һ㣡
ȻˣҿҶûоҶʥŮֻǾ̫ˣҶ˵ԸҲǴ˽ģںܴİġ
ֻʥŮǲеģҪȻʥŮѹĻǺܻء
˵ʥŮŸոջָӦûôѹҪ
Ǻġ
ʥŮ˫۾ҿ˿Լվôˣƺûоȣֻ۾һ´ҡ
ˣôܿˣˣʥŮÿ˵š
û˵ʥŮڷƺһʱ֮仹ûзӦ
С⼸춼ȥʲôˣûˣǲҲˡʥŮ˵ţ⻰˸оĪˣʲôС
ףô˯ʥŮ˯ԼϵҶˣҶˡ
죬Ҷ˹ŪҪС˵Щҽʦ࿴˿ƺֻˡ
ǣϹҽʦǰ׼Ҷƿֻǣʱ˾鿪ʼˣ
Ǹʲô
˵仰ҶŮ˵ģһ˵ģǺģ仰ȴǳʥŮĿУ˾ú֡
˳Ծ黹ں桪
ֻʥŮҶ˽ıڻȻغ˭ܽߴߣ˭ԣ
ȫĿɿڴ
⣬ô£ڳĬһ֮̿ʼָʥŮ仳еҶˣŹҽʦ⵽ǳʲô״
ΪʥŮ˯̫ˣһʱ֮仹ûлػꡭҽʦü
˵ǱȽί˵ֱһĻ˵ʥŮѾɵˣ߷ˣ
ҪκãУ²Ҫȥü
ǣ̣ҽʦӦ
ʥŮ仰֮󣬾ͽͷת˹˫۾һᡣ
ʱûĶֻǺһԻ֮еʥŮ
үүΪʲôôࣿʥŮڵ
ǵģүүС㻹ʶ𣿶ѾȥʮһˣȻˣ̿ʥŮ˵
ʮһˣʱǿ졭ΪʲôҵУʥŮеֵʵǣôҵУ
СⲻΣѾˣѾȫˣ̿ʥŮ΢Цţ˵š
ⲻΣΣʹʥŮҪ˵ʲôʱͻȻеȫеʹۣΪ̫õԵʣͬʱΪһҶѹŵԵʡ


358 գ3
ʹĲΣʥŮ˵Ѿܾúܾûиоʹˡ
ǵģ㲻Σ̵ͷǰһʥŮͷǰ˽»ĶʥŮͺԼŮһ㡣
ҲΣΪʲô϶û£Ҽǵãұ˵úأָܻʥŮҡͷе㲻ԼûΣԼѾʵ
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÷ˣСˣ
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˵֮ǰʶĻ˵ǲлʶģô鷢
⣬⵽ôһ£
ţҵܵܵȻˣǣ㲻Ҫ˯ʱռˣʥŮҲУҶ˹ȥܲ˵ţҪҶ
ǣʥŮȻǽıţûҶóѣ
ιιʥŮע󣬱Ϲ߹ҲȥˣҶһŮ˱ţôҪʥŮҶ˷ֿ
ֻǣҲһܳɹ
Ҷŭˣһħʹ˹ȥȻǿŷִģֻСħҪʥŮ֪Ѷˡ
ҶǣʥŮͻȻһħϣħסˡ
֮ģҶһ£ȵĿʥŮ
ոյħһֹħֲǽй֮ģһָ֣֮Ĳһħһ־硣
ոҶԿ϶ħʥŮϣô̵ľܸоʥŮûκεĶȫûκεĶ
ûκζ֮£ܳħϵĿֻһʲôħװ˵ĸо᲻һҶоħװ
ǾֻһܣǾʥŮˡ֮ġԲκεĶͿʩŹħ
ֻҪԪЭͬһĳ̶ȣͿӵС֮ġ̶ֻһӵ룬û˵õ
ͬģÿһϵƵľ磬ֻƺͬ
ֵļҲҪһ˵츳츳ǹģǾֻй֮ģԲܳϵ
ȻˣҶģûκ츳ԵģһЩ
ô˵֮ĵˣѾҶ߹ӦģǽʥҲһܶԸ켶µģ֮룡
ҲΪ֮ĳʥŮϣǾ𾪵ģôСͣʮ߰ѡ
ðɣʵѾʮˣжʮһĿհףҲ͵ʮһ
ٺðɣһ˵ʮӵй֮ģҲ𾪵飬һ㵽̶ȵģֿҪһ
Сʲôʱõ֮ĵģͬǴΪ𾪣ҪҶ꾪Ⱥܶ࣬ΪʥŮʵΪϤڱ֮ǰǸոսؼģ֮ĻкԶԶľ롣
ܾ֮ǰξ֮УǸʱ򣬳ңʲô˶ڣҳڤ뻹ȥЩʲôʥŮ˵ʱú࣬һû˿ᵽʹࡣ
Ϊʹ࣬ӵбĹ֮ģ
ֻĹ֮˵е㲻ͬʵ֮һģͨξ
򵥵˵Ȼӵй֮ĵľ磬ȴûôߵħҪľ磡
ʵȴȻ켶Ҳʲô˶Ӧģ
ʥŮıͳ췭ظı仯еܰҸ˵ţֱһ죬Сҵξ
ξ˶Իȫ㲻⻰ʲô˼
ѵ˵ʥŮе㲻ˣ˵Ҷ⼸֮Уʲôرİ취˼
˵ֻܵĻʥ̵˶ϣǺߣҶΪʥŮӲ
ţҲ֪Ϊʲôںܶǰֻʮʱһһ˷ʱͻȻ֣һԺӣΪԼΡʥŮЦָ˵˯֮еҶˡ
һŷе㲻ԾһСôÿεͬһˡ
ҶŮĬȷҶ˵Ը񣬵ʥŮ˵Ҳ̫ˣǾãʥŮ˯˯ˣеͿ
Ƕãʥ̵˾͸˵ˣǾʥŮһ˯Ժˣͯ˵ĳ


359 һ£1
ȻҶŮƺﲻԾģǰҶ£ֻǱԼˣΪ˵Ц
˵ʵʥŮ˭Ѿ֮ˣûҶʮ꿪ʼһֱ֮Ů
û˻뵽ҶǸʱ˵ȥеŮģ
ҿ˭벻ŮĴڣ˼ǣȻʥ̵ʥŮ
£һڣ˾ȣ˾졭
ȻҲþ棬ÿ춼죬ʱʧܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôһʥŮ˵ţһ֮ܰ⣬˵һʱ򣬾ͱ˴ˣ˾еҶˡ
Ҷˣˡ
ܸ˰ɣ֣ôûпˡ˭ӣ֣Ҷ˸е˱Լͺܲغš
󵨣ҶԳӣӣʲôʥŮ΢ŭ
Ǵ㣬ſҰ֣ôѲˣˣ˯˾˯ˣҶ˳ĬһᣬѾԺˣԼѻ˯
ܿģҶ˾ͷо뷨˳Ȼˣ
˵⼸ȥˣô²ӰʥŮʵ
ҰһʥŮŮˣе鷳Ҳ˯Ҷ˺ʵػص
˳Ĭ
ʥŮŮˣҶ֮ǰûŪʥŮʲô˼֣ЩϡŹֵĶ֪Щ˶֪ĳʶȴ᲻֪
ʲôʥŮŮˣʥŮʥ̵һʥְλʥŮû˵
ιȷſҰǱʲôҶ˱ʥŮڻʶƿʥŮǰ顣
ֻǣǸʱʥŮеʱԲûиоڲһˣ˹ȥиоˡ
ʥŮһ
ĿɿڴؿǰĻ档
Ҷ˵һֻʥŮؿڣܲɵǣָոպ÷вλ
ʥ̵ЩĻ
ȻϷʥŮ
ףôģҲָСҲѵڻָоҶ࣬ϳɻ
ҷ֣ʥŮƽ˵˵ʱҲûٱҶˡ
ŶҶӦһȻǡ
ڸˣҵֽԯʥŮҲԯҶˣ˵
ոձϮص飬ԲܣĿǰҪľǸҶԼ֣ѹҪ顣
߰ҶȻÿ棬һֱ֪ԷݣҲܱԼݣֶ֪ջ𣬶Դ
˵ʲô֣ѵ㲻֪һ˵ǾͻߡߣףΪʲô㻹ΪʲôһûѣҶеԺˣץץͷѾ㲻ˡ
Сʲô֣ԯҶʵҲĵģȻҲ֪ˣϣҶԼ˵ڡ
ҽҶˣҶʮǸܼӣпվңҶ˿ô죬ǾͰԼݶ˵´ξˡ
ţпգǾһˣԯվЦŶҶ˵
ιҶ˻ϰߵĽԯΪι׼˵һ飬ԯѾڣĻϡ
ιҵ֣߽ұ㣡ԯ˵
㣬бû࣬ôģ֣Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʮ꿴ԯڣһʮҡ
ǸʱҶ˻˵ٹҾͱˣô󡭡
ԯĬˡ
ԯֵǺܺˣҪȥǸʣŮûУټҶͻȻԼûиʥŮĹ۲죬Ǿ֮ľ״̬
ˣԯҡҡͷҪ˵ԼѾˣ
ˣϿ㡭ҸôأѲˣҶ˵ͷ˼ԱݶУô졭
˵ˣϸңԯǿûκθ鲨˵š
һ˵ʽҶһҲһʱԼһ㣬ҲֻҶǰŻ
ʲôֲûˣҾҪʣôǣƽʱ㲻ǰɫȹģôͻȻôԸУƲ¶ģ֮ǰǸʥŮһ
ԸУƲ¶ꣿ˵ԯе֣ƺڶûע⵽Լӣͷһ

ԯһæùԼùâ䣬е۵ӣٲᴺй
â֮µԯȫһʥŮӣţʥĲ񻰣ͬʱҲĲ


360 һ£2
Ҷ˴ؿԯ
ʲôԯ
Ӻֻ̫ˣҶ˺ʵ˵
ܱǿãҵ·ǻˣûŮӵ·ԯҶʵϣҶ˵ûʲôоȴϲҶ˵Լ
ҪŮӵ·ӦǲŶԣǸС쵰ʲôֲŮӵ·Ҷ걾Ҫ˵ġ
Ҷڳ߹С̣˶Ҷ˵˽⣬֪Ҷ˴ͲŮӵ·
ϰߣҲΪҶԵʣ֮ǰҶ˴Ůװ֮Ҷ˾Ͷų⡣
ֻǣƺһأ
аҶ˵кܶ࣬ϲɫģװɣ
Ҷ˴СĽָóһװɫȹӣС׼ģǱҶŮԵء
ǰҶ˵ȷǲŮװΪСԵʣҲռһЩĻŮװ·һֱǷСǱߡ
ҪҪ¡Ҷڵݹȥ·ʱͻȻһ䡣

Ҷ˵仰˶Ĭˣ·ԯֻһ£ܿͻָ
ףȵȣΪʲôСҲڣҶͻȻ⣬ոֻʶĽ飬һжϰߡ
ҲΪԯҲûҪ·ξ֮УԯҪʲôͿԵõʲô·ͲڻˣΣеף
СҲڣֻֻʥŮˣǸˣҶе㲻˵˵ֻҪʾһҶˣǴڵģǿ
Ҷ˻ͷҶ꣬Ȼٻһܣôô֣װͰ͵Ͻôܽ˵ôҲڣ
˵ʲô˵װͰ͵ģҶһǰץסҶ˵Ķת
۰Ϊʲô۰ΰҶ˷ʹࡱĽܿɻ⻹
ͷǴ췢ʲôΣ˵ôʥŮʶģҶһҶˣʵ
ԭΰҲʶʲôʥŮֻʶ˵ԯΪʲôú֮ǰǸʥŮһҶ˿ԯʵƺûзӦԯʥŮ¡
ΪҾʥŮԯ·ϣҲ֪ʲô취֮ǰЩ·ͳͳŪʧ
ңùħԼԡһ£Լϵۻ඼ȥڹħ֮Уľħ
ʣŮ֪ص˵ŶˣԭҪԼ޳ȥǾͲʣŮˣҶһһȭͷһֻ֮ϣһȻӡ
ȥʥŮʣŮһֻʮ꣬ҪʣŮҲأԯ΢ŭһħҶˡ
ոձҶĶκã
⵽ǲǣΪʲôĶκã⣬ڳ˶Ҫ֪
ʵֻԯһϰ߶ξ֮УҶ˾ᱻͷΪΣҶҪӶӲ
ҲΪҶ󶼲ӣȻĽܣ
ȻˣԭǣЩͷʽϵģʵϡһ㶼ʹ
εʱôʹأ
ԯڸҶʽϵ˺֮󣬶ԼĹħƣʲôˣֻҪһħ
ʥŮʥŮ˵˰µʥŮ㣿Ҷ˿ԯһȵӡ
ˣӦôôٶأԯ΢Ц˵ͬʱ˫۾Ҷˣһֱš
ӸոտʼڣԯһֱҶˣûнתƹ
ԴˣҶƺҲϰˣԲû̫⣡
£һ£ʶ꣬Ȼһʱ˶Ҫһ㡭
ţҳ˲˽ݣҶ˽⣬ԣԺҪһ㣬ҪҪƭңȻԺ󲻽ʵ֮УҲÿԯ廰
֪ˣҲƭ㣬˵ʲôʱƭ㣡
ûаƭңȸ㾯һ¶ѣ
죬һûأҶ˶ԯ˵ͷӿɰ֮
ԯҲڳЩʥ̳Ա˺һᣬǶǵʥŮɰĶ
˵ԯСʱĻǵҲǾԯԴӳΪʥŮ֮󣬾һ̵ֱָ߹ʥʥŮ
Ϊ߹ʥʥŮǲĸСҪһжףΪһʳ˼̻ӡ
ҶԯĿɰ˵ո˵ˣ춼ΪУֲʶԷݡ


361 һ£3
ΪʲôʣҶʵ
Ҷ˻شΪÿһ飬ҾͻѹȻ˯ŵʱ򣬾Ϳˣԣ֮һֱûԼݣ
ΪһֱΪ㲻һΣһڵģԼҵһꡭҶ˼š
ڣȴ㣬վҵǰɺϵƵһˣľžôô̫˼һ㣡Ҷüƺ顣
Ҷôһ˵ҶŮҲͻ֪ʥŮԯҶ˵Ĺϵϵ˵ȷǺ˵̶ܳȻһĵز
ζεһ⻹˵ǵ̶ܳ𣿾ȫܵˣҲܴﵽ̶ȣ
С߰ľа÷δޣҲһ׹˼ҡ˼ҿʼÿһģҶʱƺܵ⣬Կ߹˲ȣƺر
Դף
ʲôףĵܵܣֻҪ˿ԳΪܵܵӣŲ˻˭ֻҪܵܺþˡ
Ҷ겻ƫκϲҶ˵ˣҶеĵλֻҶ˰ѹأЩʵȥ
ʵ׼Ҫϲˣ
ÿһʹԺҲÿ˯һֻΣʵʵڵģ߹ǲм˵
СûгԼûзȨ
صҶߣҶ˵Ļ֮ԯҲһȷֻڿɲֻǶҶ˵ͷ˵û
ˣˣͷʹȻԯѾˣûҵ飬Ȼȥ˯۰Ҷҡҡͷʱ׵Ժ
ȥҺˣǺúġԯҶ˵ƽ˭ó᲻Ҷ뿪
ȥȥʲôĵģôˣԺ˵ˣҪ˯Ҫ죬Ҳȥ˯εʱǿԼģҶ˰ڰ֣ܾԯ顣
Ҫ˯Ҵȥҵķ䣬ҵķģϴβ˵ϲ𣿡ԯ˵Ҷˡ
˵ϴΣеʱתĳһÿ춼ỻôһΣԼҲֳˣҶ˿˵ϲġ
ŶСҶ˱ţȴ֪ԣΪûԼȥʥŮ֮˯ʲôĺ
ڲҪ˯ѣҪʲôҪҪ
ֻǣΪڳ˻ͬҶ껹˵ЩҽʦҲƺܽܣ˿϶ǲԸ⣬ʥ̵̡
СվסԼʲô𣿡ſڣԯ˵
ʲôˣԯʥ̵ʥŮԯҶ˼ţҪ̵ƹȥ
Ȼ֪ԼʥŮôһ˯ķٴסԯ
ԯͣס˽Ųһ᣺ʥŮΪʥŮְΪʥŮĹأǲӦúߵ̫ܷ飬ЩĺңԶˣҶѾˣѾʺһʥŮˣ
ţʣŮҪᱻ˱ӵģҶһߵͷ͵

СʥŮʣŮ𣿡ԯЦʵ
һ𣿡ҶԺˡ
˵ûʥŮʣŮǲа飬ϲϱˣԣѾʺˣԯͷ˵
Ŷ˼ˣϲϱˣҶ˵ͷ֡ˡ
Ҵ򣡣ιܰԯСȭͷʾţҶʾ֮£Ѿ˦ܿԶľ롣
ܸҪңҶͷҲ˵ȻͷҲؼţһĻС˵ٶࡣ
ܵȥԯ׷ȥٶҲܿ죬ӵй֮ĵ켶֣ʵ˵ҶĺԶԶ
Ҷԯ׷ڳˣķеȹʿ˺þúþã
дˣոǸǹӣ׷ӵˣƺʥŮˡһԺùʿһ۾ϳһܳȥҶˣоһֱҶһСС㡣
ԯҲֻȥ϶
ǣʥŮôȥ׷أѵֵеͷеɻʵ
ԹӵԸ񣬺ܿܣԺõĹʿͷ϶
дˣҪҪȥ׷Ҳʰɣһʿʾ
˵ǣǻȥ׷еһͷȻһȥ
ڷе˳̵ʱ򣬴֮Ҳˡ


362 һ䱸1
С쵰ÿζһܾͲӰСߣС̣ȥ׷ȻͱǸʥŮˣҶĴĹʿ֤ԼĲ²⡣
һ䣬ʿˣʲôбʥŮˣӦ÷ʥŮࡣ
ҶŮøԵİ취ٶ׷ȥڷеǰһ
ЩʿٴҪ׷ʱ򣬷ֳһˣֻᶯ죬Լȥ׷
˱̣Ϊ̵ôȥ飬ЩȻҪġ
ֻžͶĹʿ˵ǿȥ׷ʥŮҶǸСȥ䣬ѾͷѾ˯Ժˣ

ոմ˵ʲôʥŮҶȥ䣿ԭʥŮ
ڴʱ˿̣ڷеʿԺ֮Уɵøһ桪
ԯ΢ЦҶ˽뷿䣬ƵڴϣҶһԺ
̫ˣҪȥ
𣡣
е˿ʼţҶ˵׷ȥǵǸǵģû˿赲ȥ飬ҲȥĻᡣ

ȺôˣԴҩ𣿣
ں̣иĹҽʦһˣе˵ӣе㲻ˡ
ҪǱ֪еĵ뷨̻ڽʹȺ˶ˣǸɵСһģɷӡ
ܣһط˯ԯھһС֮ǰҶ˱Ƶһͬ
ط˯ԣ㲻ԴңҶ˿ͬǽڣһӡ
ȻǾҺøˣˣź
еΪں棬Բûԯ·øˣԯ֮ǰǾ仰֮ʱǾ͸еˡ
Ҳ˵ҶԯĶԻȫǵĶУʹˣ
Իκ˶ᣬԯҪҶ˰ӲϹҶǺԯԲŻܡ
ԭʥŮôǿɲһŮ˸ģ
ڣеĹʿѾˣǿ϶һ£ǾԼʥŮ˿ܻ᲻ʥ࣬Ǻ֣ǵǾĽҲ
ˣһǸʬΣҶ˵ĻǸоͱ֣ƺãҶǿʥŮһġ
ҲΪҶϵĶϢȻϢ˾Ҳڳ֮еһʥŮһǳ׵ġ
ô˵ڽӴҶ˵Щʥ̳Ա뷨ûнӴģȻͻᷴˣ
ģô㣬㻹ԣȥԯʼҶˣʱҶ˻ξ֮зСƢҲǺϰˡ
ŶҶӦ׼ԯȥĹ뷿˯
ǼİҪˣ
ףʲôģϷ𣿺ǰɡˣˣڿϷҪԺ˵ˣ
Уǲһ𣬶Դ˷顣
˭˭ʱ򷴶ԣСҰؽСݣ
еȹʿеŭˣŭǸķ򣬵ΪǵŭϾʧˡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻôһ˼ɣңҲǾʸȥֹҶ˵ˡ
ˣǱˣҶ˵δޡ߹
ΪʲôԣУ˭ԯץҶ˵֣߹ʵȻҶҹǵĻû漰ѡ
Ҳ˵ԯֻ˽Ҷˣȴ˽Ҷߵˣ
ˣǲʶ߹ˣ
˭ŵǸСδޣ֪Ϊʲô˰ɣ߹Ҷ˵ߣҶ˵һֻ֡
δޣС˵𣿡ԯһҶʵ
ǰСʱѾˣԺţҶ˵ͷһû˼ܸɴĳŵԺ߹š
һ㣬Ҷǰǲ⣬⣬ú⣡
Ŷԯһ߹Ȼ͸һ˶е㲻ˡ
ǵԤ֮Уԯ㲻Ҳһᷴ䣬ûǵһ
ѵ˵ҶţѵλСģͬҶˣ
鷢չԽԽ˼ˣ
˰ɣҿԴ˰ɣǻأΪ㣬Ѿôˣ߹ҶҪߣ룬ԯӦûˣˣ
ֻǣ߹û뵽ǣԯûз֣Ҷ߹ûע⣬ԯҶˡ


363 һ䱸2
ˣ˯ҷʲôϵģ飬Ǿ˵ˣԯ߹˵֮дȻȻʥζȻĻ񲻴ߡ
е˼ҶףȻе㲻˼飬˭֪ǲҶ˭δҪҶԼķ䡪ƵŶ˯˯
ʣŮǲûҪҲԣѾʮˣҺҶʮ껹Ҫ࣡߹ܲм˵ŽҶԼߡ
˵ʲôֻ֪һֻʮ꣬ڣҶʮֻ꣬ʧȥ˶ʮһʱѣѾʮˣԯ˵ûΪ
˵ģʧȥ˶ʮһʱ䣬ǳɳ˶ʮһ꣬Ȼ˵ʵѾʮ꣬˵ȷֻʮꡣ
ͨ׵Ļ˵ǴԽˣʮһ֮꣬䴩Խ꣡
ֻ˵һϹңȻҶ㲻ˣ߹ߵ
ǰҾԯϵĵػ˵ţѾСһˣøһҲҪ
ǲÿ춼м棬ûʲôõģҶ꣬æҪʣŮƴˣ߹û˲ѾҶꡣ
Ҷ껹㲻ʲôֻʶ߹һ̬
ߣ𣿡ԯߵûб֮ǰʵҲ˲ˣοڻӵ˹֮ģǾ͸Ҷˡ
ߣ켶ģҲҶС߹Ȼⳡսʵ⣬Ҳһ
ŶҶͷʼħ
ǱߵԯֿʼˣҲ׼ôսһ
ǰŮ˴սлһֵ״̬û˭ʵҲһûа취ߵҲҵ
ǿϷɣôÿϷʥŮ˺ͱ˵δˣͷɣϣһûֹȻһҪɱ
ȵȣ
һΣ˳ˣеŭӵʱ򣬸Ƿ֣˸õΪ˲ǱˣҶˡ
Ҷ˵Ļֻðŭʻȥ
ȻôѵȥҶһ٣쵷
ǸңϵҪŮӣͻȺǴ
һȥû£
߹ԯͬʱ˵˵ĻһһᣬϾԼ飬Ů˵ûԼ£
ΪҶˣ͸֪ʲô˼ֱӵ˵Ϊʲôûҵ飬ǲΪҳǲãһҲ򵥵ģҵ裬ң
ҶͻȻóһֻҡţ˸ѵʶĴڣ
˳Ĭ
ðɣ˵ɣ߹ԯʱֹͣ˶֪Ҷ˼ȥ֪ʲô飬Ѿˡ
ȣ㣬Сߣôܺԯܣô۸Ҷüеֵ˵
ڴʱҶ߹һ£ƺû뵽Ҷ˻˵Ȼˣ
ҪģҶ˵ôƺһһ㣬Լ˼һҲöԷ嶯һ¡
ӵй֮ĵԯȷǲöֻҪʲôħͻʩųʲô߼ħڻ£
ʱ򣬴ƺˣҶ˸ûмԯ֣Բ֪ʵǸʱԯĻ˯
ǣôô۸ңԯҶ˵ı˵еίϴŵЦȴ˵
Ҷ˿ŻĽթΪϵЦݴһа
ԯӣҶҲеˣ߹˵ˣԽԯЦþ͸ĵ⡣
ʥŮ÷еȹʿ˺þãƺûпʥŮӣһСаʥŮҪ˵ȥ˭ţ
һСа񣬲ûʥŮᣬ˵ĸоʵ׽˺ܶ࣬ǰʥŮʵ̫ʥˣ֮޷ԽľС
ǷһЩˣʱʥŮǼģܸо֮Ĳͬ
ûмˣʵǶ˵оʥŮӦģһ˵ʥ̵ʥŮһģ̳ģûжķֱ
˵ʵξԯܸգҲдʥŮֻһʱ֮仹ûҵʵģԯô˵Ҳţһֱˡ
òҪʥŮ鲢࣬һ裬һ֧𵽵þиĤݵĶڱҪʱһ´ҵľ
ȻҲСãһЩäĿݵоͿֻ֪ҪʥŮһڣǾȥҲһüͷ
һ˵ͣʥŮʥѡĹŮĴˣ


364 һ䱸3
С쵰СԺ֪֪жǿȻ۸ǣҶǲˬ
Ҳ֪жǿֻ֪ǸոĲˣ֪ǲȬˣԣǲӦúܣҶҡҡͷ˵
ԯΪеĸ飬оԯĲˣ
֮ҶȻƫ̻ԯһ㣡
ƽʱĻҶ˿ᶼᣬҶ߹ÿ춼غϣйܹ
ҶŮȴֻ֪֪ҶھȻƫ̻ԯԼԯĶа˺ܲˬ
׼ˣһҶ˵һ仰ƽ
ԯܵˣֹ֣ǷֺҶȻԯôǿܻ顣
ҪǴأԯҶʵ
ǲģҶҡҡͷҶзִġ
һأԯģʵ
Ҷ˼򵥵˵ĸ֣ţң
ƫģԯ˵һ䡣
һҽ㣬һδް벻ƫĶѣ˵ˣ͵͵㣬ҽ׶ģǧҶĵԯ˵ġƺûĵҶ
С쵰˵ʲôҶһ֣ҶǰݺݵһҶ˵Ĵͷ
ٶȣΪǽʥҲ㲻Ҳ֪һħʦôģòҲͳڴҶ˵ʱ̡
Ҷ˽ʹ˵ûɡ
㻹˵Ҷһۡ
ԯȥ˯Ҷתƻ⣬Ȼԯˣԯ׷ˡ
Ҷ߹һ¶ԷȻָȥСҲһܣԼֻҪܲͿԣҲ͹ˡ
е˷
ʥŮأʱܹеʵ
Ӧǻطˣüʱˣո̵ԼûȥִС
طˣԼǺСһ𣡡̷ȣʵ
еͷ˵ϣӦһģ
ʲô֪ͨˣһ䱸״̬ʥŮСӷֿŭһŭͷԵ
̣񲻺ðɣʥŮ˻εģҲ˱ִ󡭡гѵҲ̫ˡ
ôˣʥŮʥ౻ƻǺ͸룡ֵ̼
ȥȻô֣Ҳûκεİ취Ǵ̵Ȩ

ʲô飿ôһ䱸
һ䱸ľʱƶã֮Уǲ֪ʲô£ҲȫԸ׼
ˡҵʥŮˣҶ˷ֿ˽ʥŮ˵Ĺ뷿̣

ʱ򣬼˶סˣΪ⣬໹Ǿе飬Ȼһ䱸״̬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ҳ̫СˣҪô󶯾𣿲ʥŮҶ˵ȷӣܰʥŮȹ̻üոջ£յһϢ
ǵģʥŮѾˣҶӽʥŮκõȱϢ˼˵
Ŷȱã̻ʵͷҶ飬ţʵΪʲôʥŮҶһ𣿡
Ҳ֪˵ΪʥŮҶ֮ϵʱкüˣԣһҶӣͱ˶ߣ˼֪ô࣬ѾǺܲˣ飬Ҫȵϸı
˽һ䱸ȥʥŮǱ˽ʲôһر̻йʥŮʥ̶࣬Ҳ̫ˣǸ֪顣
׽飬ӦҪнвŶԣȻˣ׽ֻһ
һ䱸ȡˣƶˣ֪ҶǵʥŮϵУһʥŮĹ뷿֮һЩ飬Ȼôһ䱸ֻòףֹͣһ䱸
ϺͿСûзҲһᱻˣ⼸ҡͷ
βҵ£СҲʥŮˣԯڵõϢ֮Ц˵ûоҶһ𣬻ܿġ
ȻˣҲ˵ϲҶˣֻҶ˵һܵˣܵԷһеˡ
һģͱʾ˵ԲһģϬһͨ仰Ϳ˵ˡ


365 Σ1
ʥŮְλеųԵʣʮһ̫ˣԼӦñţ
˵ʥŮҪʥŮһҪЩĹصĻͻѿ
Ҳ˵ЩȻͻְɣʥɵĻʥŮҲνΣ
ŶͲҲûʲôģ㲻뵱ʣŮԵҼȥҼһøˣͲõʣŮˣˣǵģҽܸ㡣Ҷ˶Դ˺ܲ⣬ֻȤýǣź档
ȥҾˣҲǼ޸㣬˽ôޣԯû˵ûԼˣΪôʥŮŮ֮ǷǳĵԼԲơ
ҲûҶమһոյļ޸Ҷ˵ĻҲֻ˵˵ûκε塣
ҲΪܶ˶֣˵ʲô𣬵ΪʲôһŮ֮鶼ûأ
ҸΪʲôܼˣҶеֵʵ
һ£Һֻͨм棬ĸ˻ȢһŮˡ˵ˣҲܻиоǱСˣԯЦ˵ƺºƽһҲҪƵġ
ʲôҶ˶Դ˲⡣
ҿ㰡һӶԣԯ˵
Ҷ˵бܿ࣬㻹ǵʥŮȥ뿪ԺпյĻһģ
ԯеС
ԯĹ뷿Ҷڽ֮󣬾ѵϵ·һСþмĴ˯
ԯҡҡͷԴҲܶˣҶҲһ˯
ϵҶŮ͸˵ˣҶǰҲһ˼ǣȻˣ˵Ļͻ˸ϳȥ֮Ϊ
ǾԼ취ҵط˯˯ϣԯҶŮ˵Ϊܴϴ
ֻǣҶ˵˽⣬Ҷ߹ȻǲܵģʵеΪǲܵġ
ϵʱҶ߹һһҶ˵ı˯ţ֮ǰѾ׼
ιιҵĴôǽѾܲˣˣԯܲˬ˵
ӦҶ˵ĺ˯֮еĺ
ոҶŮ䣬ûзϹΪԯֻҪҶ˯ͿԣҶŮǲţҲνֲҪ԰ռҶˡ
ʵϣеʱѾ԰ռˣԼѾӵеı˶࣬ҲͲˣ
ʥŮˡСʱ򿪿ڵ
ұͿԣԯǺϲС̣ȻСһֱûʲô˵˵ҲʹСûз
С㣬㲻ٽǲܵġѾûмҶˣΪʲôҲ֪ģС˵ţոһֱռҶ˲ţԣǲŶе
ԯĬˣΪԼոջָ壬ԾһЩȽϷݵ飬ҲͲ˵뷨
ʱˣҶ߹Լĵ⣬ʵҲʲôԼӦȥƽʲô
С̼˵ʵҲõģһֱҶΪģһжΪ˵Ҷ˶õĻҲᰮݼڣ㣡ܻ򼸳ܣԼҲÿ춼򼸴Ρ
ŶأߣǰʲôɫԯʵҶ߹Ѿ˽⣬һֱô˵С̣ȫ֪ˣȻСҪһѭ
ͬѧҲĳԣС̼򵥵ؽԼ
ŶأһΣԯָСֵˡ
С̳ĬһᣬȻһһ˵Сһܣ֮Уƺ͸¶һֽһֱԯҪԯȵӡ
ʥ̵ʥŮ֪᲻ᱻϢˣС̺Ҫ֪
ʲôܣôܣһǿܣȻԯǱˣʥŮҲһһʱ֮䲻ʵ
СЦЦ˵ȷÿˣǿܣǣǻǲţҸ㣬ģҶһܣ
˵û뵽棡ԯСС壬оҶΪСŬࡣ
СҲҶԺһ


366 Σ2
㡭ˣʲô֣ҶˣԯոҪС̣ȴ֣Լ񲢲֪Է֡
ҽС̣С̻ش
С̣Ǳҹ̸һ£Ҷ˵鶼ңйص˺飬ңԯС̣һߵӱߣ˷ܵضС̣ڴС̵˵
ʵԯѾ˯˶ʮһ꣬ô˯⣬ԣϴҲ˯ţֻǾҶˡ
ȥѡĻϣҶ˵Ҫһ㣬ҹ̸Ǿٺò飡
ȤҾ˵Ҫѡһص㣬ȻҽһҲ˵꣡Ҫ˵һϣһ궼˵꣡С̺˳ӵ˵֪ܾˡ
ûϵͷʼ˵˵꣬Ժһеʱ䡭ԯ˵
Ҳǣǵȷкܶʱ䣡СС˵ţ֮Уƺһ˿˿Ľ
һϲܸоģ֮ǰĸоҪĺúܶ࣡ңǰǲ˵ݵ飬֪Ժ᲻ҲԯЦ˵ʵӺµĻһ£Ǿǲ֪Ժܲ
ǰǿԣԼǰ״̬ȴһˣ֪εϵڲڣ
㲻ڣԺҲԿԼˣǰֻţʱܲٻ֪
ָоǶôĿ£Զ޷ǣ
ָоԯڵ⣬ʵҲ͸ˣ
ڿʼ˵ɣ
ҾͿʼˣʹ֪Ŀʼ˵ҶСʱǱġ
Ҳܱ
ǰӦ˵һ㣬Ҳɰһ㡭Ǹʱ򡭡

³䣬̫ûһƬڰ֮ǰڵʱ̣ʱС̻ԯҹ̸˵ôãֻ˵Ҷ߰ʱ򡭡
ʱСѾеˣǼ˵һ֪ܾҲϲ˵Ҷ˵顣
ˣȥ˯һɣˣҲ˯ȥСȥȻСû˵ԯˣҲͲټˡ
õģȥ˯һᣡС̵ͷ˵
Ұ㣡ԯЦ˵
ңСе㲻⣬˯ôﰡܿˣԭħ
ԯһħħС̵ϣúħǹħ֮Уһ˻ָħ˯һĻЧߡ
ħȷһϵ˼ħ󲿷ֶǸָģȻҲһЩǿĿֲħ
úС֮ԯͷҶ˵ϣҺ½Ҷ˵Ҷ߹ЦЦҲһ±Ҷˣ棬ҲΨһλá
ȻҶ˺ܣҲҶ̹Ҷ꣬ǽ㣬Ҫܻ
һֱҶ˯ʱ򣬶Ǵ·ģҲĳ߶ˣ
ԯҶˣû˯ǾؿҶˣΪ˯⻹ûΪ˯ˡ
˯ţΪﻹе㺦¡
СΪʲôܸоϣڻΣҺ°ɣҺһжģڻǸ֮г˯
ӱһ̿ʼҼ㣬Ҹое㲻ʵһжôɺϣҲһôҲûѹĵһ۾Ϳ㣬ҵĻ
Ҹ벻Ȼңǲȱ޲Ҳ㿴ѿһ棬֪Ժ᲻ҡҿҪŶ㲻ң㿴ЩҲһҡ
СҪ˯ˣһǺ˯˯֮󣬻֣ᷢһԭһΡ
һΣϣԶҪѹ
ԯ˵ţģġ
Ҳ˯ˣһһΣεԼҶһ֣һԶһ֡
ξһΣҶ˲Ҷ˱ˣе󡭡
ԯ֪Ҷϵ˵Żʱ˫͵͵ţǵѾ˯˺ܾãֲĳˣôĶȻѾѹ
ΪѹǲԯЩЩشǵģ֪ԯĺʮһξ˭Ầ£
ҶˣھΨһ
ԼӦҪһ㡭
СڶϣԯһѹͷԼûκˣԼȵ˯ԼĴϡ
ʼе㺦£һУȻһΣ


367 Σ3
ΪʲôΪʲô
ԯźţ˭һоһֱ࣡
ΪʥŮԯûйĸ鲨ˣһᱻʥ̵ĵˣ
ԯԼĹ뷿ԼûκεˣҶѾ֪ȥˣʱеҪޣΪԼξ֮С
ξ֮У˯֮ʱҲʶسԼ뷿֮УҲȵԼĴϣ
ΪЩеԼΣҲͷ췢Щ飡
˰ɣҲǺΣԯЦҡҡͷֱ˦ȥҪֹ۵Ŀ顣
ֹ۵ĽǶ˵һΣҲǺõģԼҲûʧõһΣ
ǲͬǶϵĲͬо
ԯһֱֹ۵̬ȥԣȻĻѾˣܵȵҶ˴Ρ
ϰԸԼһħϴһ£ξ֮Уϴ費ϴʵҲνȴϲħԼ壬ʰ롣
ţţ̤ȥҪĿĵй䡭
ʥŮ磡̻ʱ򣬾͹ȥһ棡ڷſڣʿվڣͬʱʿŮʿ
Ŷ̻ʡԯһʱûзӦǼǰš
ͻȻ˷Ӧ͵ػͷԼŮʿ˫֮¶˾벻š
˵ʲô
̻ȥһ棬ҪʴŮʿٴ˵
ǴڣǾ˵ûΣѾˣԯ˫֮У¶ϲɫ˿ʼ˷ˡ
ǵģŮʿͷͬʱ룬ʲôΣѵʥŮ紫֮еӻе㲻
ȻûΣһжģΪʲôǸСˣȥˣԯе㲻ˬܲˬҶ˵Լˡ
ȻҪĻǺǸ⣬Ҷںδ
˵ӰɣҶСȥμλˣλѡ֣Ϊ壬Ѿȱϯ˰£ȱϯˣŮʿش
ԭˣȥǸλȵλʲôУ
ԯܶҪʣȴһȽֵ⣺ӣΪʲôǶϰ߽ӣ
ŮʿƺΪʥŮԯú֣ʥ̵ϰߣ˶һգֱӽйӵģоҶ˵һ
ҲǺֵܶ⣬ʥ̳ԱĸҵѧԺΪʲôһʥ̳ԱҶ˹ӣƺ̫ʺһ
ʵҲǸű˽еģΪ֮Щ̫𾴹ˣԶԼҵĹүһ㣡˵ĸоҲ׽ԾͲԾˣŮʿ룬ش
˵Ҷ˵ӣʥ̵˶ôôģϰҲͺˣǵȷƺʺϡ
⵹ҲǣˣˣڲμʲôλǸԯʵ
ھڹλǴ½ѧԺ֮λÿʮһΡ
˵ˣ֪ʥôȤˣҲ֪Ƚݻ·ϴһ£ԯ΢Цܻ˷䡣
ȻˣǾӦϴһߣױһ£Ư·ܳˣȻָֻĳһˣ
ŮʿţΪŮˣһŮʿҲ˽⣬ԯȥôҲҪСʱ
ƺ´ˣΪԯȽżԲʮӣǻ·࣬ҲôױΪʥŮҪȻ
ˣԯ֮󣬾һȥҲûеŮʿ
ʥŮˣ̻ʵķǱߡŮʿָ෴ķ
֪ǱߣҪңԯͷҲصػػ
Ϊʲô㻹Ǳߣ
ֲȥ̻Ǳߡ
Ҫȥ⣬ŲʣŮʿҲܲµõֻǾûе⡣
ʥŮ˲ȥ̻Ǳߣȥƺûдˣ
ԯںܸˣһ·СҶ˵ȥ

ڹ֮Уվⳡ֮еҶˣϣɻ
㣬ΪʲôҪμҲ𣿡
ҲҶɻĵطԼϳ֮ʱһǿȺŹľ
ҲǺԵ飬վżɷħʦгѤħ𻨣аʮĶ
Լ߻վԭΪԼҶ߹СҲһվţ
棬һȺŹ
ҵĽ㣬ܸңôһ



368 1
֮У˫ŶԷȻмҲ˲ûбʶƺӰķչ
ŶǻġҶƺûзҶ˵ɻ󣬿ʼѧҶģֱװɵҶɵˣȻͣ
ڴ֮УһɵĿҲ֮ҪģǾǻ
νĻ飬˼ֻ͵ģְҵĻϣԱĻϵȵȣеĶԻϱֻҪΥĻԭͿԡ
Ҳ˵ҶʿģҲһħʦ֮ĻֻҪȥͿԣ
ͬʱѧԺ֮ĻҲǿԵģ㲻ͬһѧԺģֻҪԼԭһμӵģҲһԲμӱ
ֻѧԺ֮λκαܻӰ쵽ԼѧԺλһ˵ǲ˽ѧԺ֮Ļǻְҵ
ڹȥʷ֮УҲֲ˼ѧԺӣǶʶģͬһһУСʱһ𳤴󣬲ΪѡѧԺĲֿͬ
ҶģҲԸĶһ£
ڻ֮Уһ㶼һС飬ûи˵ıΪ˵Ѿ֮УûҪȥظ
ȻҪ󲢷һҪˣҲ˻ˣ˶ԣĻһ˾һͻԿܶࡣ
ǣ־ԼʵǿģԼѾҪټ˵ģоƱʵģֻ棬⵽ܻܲʤġ
ԣҶһںߣƱʵģ
Ҷһˣֻĸˣڱһʼڣһֱ˳лһֱں濴ϷС̡
ȻˣʱСҲᷢһãǾһԲӣдšͣӣ
͵Ҷ˸ͼʼһޡ
ˣСҲÿζгģҸӺλĶԱ
ҶĶγ֣ͺ˵Ŀ⣬ټһֱսȡʤͿʼССĺ䶯£Ȼ
飬Ƿ鲢Сӣһ˵С飬ֻǣĸȴһֱûгֹ˭û֪
Ϊıԣ޷֪ĸ˭
ҲҶ㱨֣ܽΪ˴Ҳ뵽ڱ֮󣬾˵ûգҲͲˡ
Ҷ˵ҲģҲ⣬ȻĻҲͲֻĸˣ
ô²⣬ûһ뵽ĸ˻Ҷˣ׼ȷ˵ûΪܵˣԼͰܷˡ
ΪҶ˵ԸܳıѾˣοǻı
˵ñȽϺƽķʽУ˵ñ԰ڴ𰡣ķʽҶ˻֣ķʽ;ԲӦ
ǡ
ԣǵʮӣͲ֪飡
ţһҶȥһԤ׶û¶
ֻܣ
˽ҶҶˣѾʲôģ֪һҶġ
Щ˽ˣǾνһ£ֻ֪ԭĸ˾ôһëͷСӣôŮһĽ
ʥȸ۹ĻʼѧԺ⣬ֻҶ˼ˣȻû֪Ҷ˵ݣ⼸Ҷɵĺ䶯ǶôĴ󣬵ƺһĬĬŵСӣͨǰġ
йҶԺҽĴ˵ֻǴ˵ûж֪ԺҽҶˣʥ̶Դ˲ûж˵ʲôƺڲ֮Ҷ˵ݣ֪ǲΪҶܵҪĴš
йذǰǧ¼ʥ̵ܣйصûκ͸¶Ȼ֪Ҷмá
ڹʥŮԯǸӲ˵
ˣЩҲͺյ¼һֻ֪˲֪Ҷ˵Ĵڣ˸ûһҶ˵Ϣ
ҲΪŮľˣҶȻǿڴ½֮йţû˽ΪģֻǰҶҵʮ٣ǰҶˣ
򵥵˵ģ󲿷ֻΪһүԵʣ
ȻˣҶ˵ҲǺ֪ܶģӣе㻳⣬ҲҶ˵ܷʲô
ֻǣڽӴҶ֮Ƕں뷨еĶУ


369 2
ô˵Ҷ˵ĳڴҵ֮⣬Ҳ֮УҶ߹һ˻Ҷˣֻȥ˭أ
ҪҶ˶᲻е⣬ӦòᣬĿǰǲģΪû뵽ԼҶһӣûԼķݣ
Ŷǻ鰡ߴˣ˼ȻعϯǼͣҶ˻عͷһ仰׼ˡ
ȻģǾһԼˣʲôʱʼıҶʱš
ҶһץסҪ˵Ҷˡ
ʲôҶɻʵ
ܵܣǸҲһԱҶܸɴ˵ҶˣΪֱӵİ취
Ҷ˳ĬһᣬһЦŵҶ꣬ǰЩ׺Ķ֣ٿС̣һ
㣬СŬһ㣬ҵϸͣ
Ҷ˵ķӦѡȻǲϣԴ˲ûʲô⣬ƽѡСһһ߸Ҷ˼ʹ
ΪΪ֮һҶʵ̫ˣôһ߿Ϸأ
ܶʱȴһ£ǾҶҶ˷쭣ǾãԼҶλõĻһᷢ쭴Ҷˣ
ֻǣǶˣǴش
Ҷǵûз쭣Ǻ˵ţԶһ㣬ҪŪˣ
Ƿ𣿲ǣԲǣ
ҶҶ˹ΪҶͬսŲҶսҪҶսһţ
Ҷ˱ֻҪҶԼҶнȥ˵Լûʲôġ
֮ǰҶ˲˵ˣģħ鲻һΪ仰߹һҶԼһ
ʵ˵ҪҶǵıҶҲǻȥģͺϲ㣬δޡ
ҲãҲһսҪһ߹ۿľҪǿ࣬Ҷʱ䣬ҲѵĻᣬһҲǺõġ
ţĸ˵εıȷѣȻ˵е㲻ضԷʵˡ
ĸӦ
ιιΪʲôֻĸ˵Сӣڳϳˣǲأ
Ҷĸ˵ĳ֣һǵˣСӶǵˡС
С￴һɱûУСӦöڰ裬䳡ģһҲνοСҲˣڴ˵Ҳûгġ
ţûкóԵģҶС̵£ݺõĲ裬еʵ
䳡޺СվҶ˵ıϣһľվţ
еģҸոտõ棡С̵һ˵
ոտãԭոǶɰҶͿС̵ıиߣ֮ǰ֪ʲôѾˡ
Ҫ֪СʱűɣЩ˻ʲô뷨ǿ϶˵š
Ҳ̫һɣ
һźȲѾ˺ˣȻڿɡ
С̵ͷ˵ţûʲô飬ôó𣿡˫ۿҶˣڴڴҶ˻˵óԣԼ
ţóԣҶػشţƺҪж˵ζĺܺóԡ
ʵֻҪСģѳһ㣬ҶҲǻ˵ʳҪ󲢲ߣС̵ˮƽֲѳԵĶ
ˣСÿڴĴ𰸶ҪģÿһҶ˿϶ʳǻܿģҲĵ飡
ԣûģȿˮС΢Ц˵һˮ
Ҷڳһ֮󣬿Ǹ䡱һᣬͻȻһֶţûд¯ͻȻҪԿ⣡
¯ŶаС̴Ŀռóһһε壬һƽƽģһĸСš
˵˵Ļһ᲻ʲôỳС̻᲻ôˣȻҶ˾Ͳỳɡ
ⲢΪҶС̣о֪ʲô
εĶһɵĿ¯ֻҪǱͻᷢȣͳһ¯
ҲҶǱС̱һȾĿ¯
գС̶βǺ˽⡣
ţǰʳȵţʵ͹ĸҲûʲôֻǷŵõϲһоַһҶ˵
ŶʲôϣõʲôַС̿ҶˣҪ֪һй⿵顣
Ҳֳֻ֪֪Ҷ˿ʼȻ˵Լ֪Ķ˵˳˵ζĸо


370 3
СϸҶ˵Ļһֲ©ļ£һóһСӼص㡣
ֻǣص㲢յص㣬ҶϲָоֻҶϲҪζ
Ҷ˵֮С̾óϣʼƵζƷȻʼ顭
һߣҶҶһоյʱҶ߹Ѿ볡м䣬ŶʾѾ׼ˣԿʼսˣ
ʣô£Ѿ֪С̵ĴڣǶѾܲˬˣֶһҶˣǾ𱻼̤
֮ǰЩˣеľҪСϳС˵Լսʵȷᡣ
С̵˵ǵȻţһҪСϳǣҶͷˣֱӿˡ
֮󣬶ǾˣΪʲôҶһӻϳʵͲҪٶˣ԰ȫ
ѧԱһˮƽ֮УûжҶ߹ֵĶ֣ԷһҲһ
ЩܸҶ˵ˣǻ϶μҪĻ飬ԣҶǺɵĻʤˣ
ֻЩ֪ҶӵеʵȴȻǻ߰ΪԼҪǿܶ࣬ǰ˲Ƿѡ
ÿһεĶֶ룬ÿһζҪСϳÿεĽһ
ǣǲùܣҲҪǳ֣ȻǻúѿҶѾϰˣֱӵ˵ûаת˼
߹û˵ö˵
ǡ׺ĶǸоԼӣӦ˵Ǳˡ
ǵҪǰЩԹϺֻܶ࣬Ϊ֮ǰҶ˲ûгҶ˳ˣһڵһߺȲԶ
ûˣҶΪǾϸӹҲסˣ
ڳĴ󲿷ֹڣǴؿҶˣƺѾֻ뿴Ҷˡ
Ҷʱڴ֮ͥ£ڶ˵עĿ֮£͵͵ģС̲עʱ򣬽һߵţȻڴڵĽš
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҶҪ͵͵ģΪ붯ȫһ۵ףôֿЦõĸо
ܿ죬ҾףΪʲôҶ˻͵͵ġ
Ҷˣ⻹ܳ԰С̷ҶڳԶٿԼһߵţ⣬ˣ̴ֹ
Ҷţ⣬˵壬˭Ҳ˵ʲô
³ţʧܵģûѾ𣿡С֣ҪץסҶˣΪõţ³ֻĶ̫ˣץסҶˡ
ǣҶ˹ץ
ʲôϵţ⣬Ծ˷ˣҶţ֮󣬿ڳҲָСһҪ⡣
ڶҶһ򶼲˷ѣԿҪڵĸðҩڳԵսţôأ
ѵһЩһֻеȱݵĶ͵ˣֲĵʵĵزֻ΢óһ㣬һ㶼㲻ϣҪ˵ѳԡ
ͨ˵ζѾܺˣ
ʲô˷ѣһԵģЩʧܵĶҶûеǳԽӡСٴѾҶ˵ܶ飬ҲܶҶ˲ҪԡѳԡĶ
Сӿܻװ£ԣȳһ㣡Ҷ˺˵ҼСգòβţ⣬㡣
˵仰ϤҶС̵һҶ˺ΰ󣬰ССŮӽô⡣
ֻǣʵϤ˽˵ˣףҶ۾˵Ϲ
ҵʳ㻹֪𣿾֪˵ϹСû˵ʳɲ˭ܱϣСǾԵԵ
ǰʱ򣬻ڣС̶һθʶҶ֮ǰѾôܳˣ֮ʮǾ͸˵ˣ
Ҷ˵ЩеҪ쭣ҧӣƺڸߴңǺ
ȥһ߿Ϸ˵Ȼֳ⿣ǿ벻̣

Ҷ߹ƺҲֶԷһ죬ǶԼͬؿǵĿ⽹㣬ҲҶС̵ĵط
˴һ£ȻεҡҡͷС쵰ȻԶԵʲôܺóԵӡ
ǲÿˣǰǻҪԵ㶫ӺöҶһѤıϵСħŶǣҪԵ⡣
˳Ĭ
νıϵСħһǽҶЩ֮룡
ҶС㣬ǲ̫ˣˣ˵Ķ𣿡תҶеջʵ


371 ߹Ļ֮裨1
仰ѾǵһʣʹˣѾ֪𰸣Ҳһܿͻ֪СߣٽǣҶ˵֮һħ̴˹ȥǿθ˶ѡ
ţ߹ͷҶһ˵껰˲䣬ʹһϵħǻ꣬ϹҶĹʮϡ
սһ̿ʼˣ˵ħöַӦķ
ֻǣǽеķܿͻᱻҶ߹ħѹȥ˵ħǲϵĹƺɡ
һ̣ǲŸоҶ˵ʵ˵ȷǿԽԼ˴ܣ
˵ϼ޷죬ȻĽһȷ˴ΪԾ
ȻֳԾƺѾǵһˣΪ֮ǰҶ˾չʾֻǵһУǹڡ
ĸоһ߹ĸоǽȻͬģҲΪʲôôھ˵˵ǣھȴ֪ô졣
֮ϣ˶֪Ҷ߹ƽʱֲ˺Ĭκ˶Ȳġ
Ȼ󲿷ֵ˲֪һ£ǾҶ϶ѣǻɱûгǾǵħ
ħʿûа취οѧԺѧԱ
ϴȥǻᶥסģһλħʦͬѧ˵
ţ̫ˣһħʦʩŷħ֧ţȥһܿ챻ơ
ͻƣֻҪͻƵߣǾͿԽ˷ŵͬѧҧ˵ӸոտʼڣǵüΪ㣬һֱѹš
ҪҶ˽йҶ˵ħܿͽƻȥ
˵ɣôͻƣһᶼǣ̫޳ˣҧҧһӣƺˣǾΪʲôҪǻᡣ
˫Ծ֮УռȻԷᣬһֱʤĹؼ
ʵҲǲУǻһУô࣡ڿõĻҲûлˣֻǶҾòһܳ׳ɹûģԼҪס
һħʦͬѧҡҡͷƺεӣΪǿߵΣΪƻ֮⣬ôʹþУǾΡ

磡
𣡡
ħʦͬѧֱ츳ͬʱ츳ħǵħһ𣬾ͳһȫµħ
ħҶ˵רҲһᣬڴ½֮ҲźܶϼкܶϵţԴ˳
֮УһſűΧʯ
ǻ꣡ǿǰ֮󣬾뵽ǵħһֲħ
û뵽ı֮УȻܿôߵļܣ
ǲ̫ˣǱѣŪġ
ǻĳ֣Һܿͱ۷׷ףԴ˱ʾֲͬĿħƻһµģ
ףе˼СߣεĶƺǿ˲٣ҶһЦţһͬƣٻħ׼
Ȼ˵ҶԲκƣͿʹħ׼ľһ㣬ħɶҲһ㣬򵥵˵Ҳͻһ㣡
Ҷ꣬Сһ㣡߹üڵǵģڵģֻĵĲԼҲҶ꣬һߵҶˡ
Ȼ˵ҶԶе㵣Ļ꼰㣬Щ˴Ҷ˵ע⡣
֪ĺˣǲµģҶ˵ó߹Ҫ˵ʲô
ܿ죬Ҷ趯˫֣ҶǱ߼˷ڷ֮еҶˣȴȻųգһ㶼졣
ԴˣСһΣ֮УȴܰЦ⣡
߹ЦЦվǰ棬ڳһƣħ̾ͳֵĻϢ
ùۿ˺ǲ⣬Ҳ⣬ΪʲôҶҪҶˣ
Ȼ˵㱣ܵܵ飬ֻʱû˻ȥҶˣΪǱԾ
û˻ڱ֮ϣ飬ԣҶС̣һ飡
ҶԹߣǺɱģǼǺͶһĵȻ˵˵ҶһܣҵĿƺ
ͬʱ߹ļƣǸˣΪʲôûϵħʦǲԵñĩˣ
ϵħһǹϵҪμ׾ˣ
˱ϵӵм߷ϵ𣬶ʹûϵħȷ˾֣


372 ߹Ļ֮裨2
ѵ˵ǽҪõĸҶ
ɣʱ򣬶ڸ˵ʲôϵģֻҪ˽ϵıʣǾͲϵķֱʲôһԲϵ
֮ܣ
߹˫ֽǰϵĻϢԽԽŨңܿγһԲ򣬶Բӵʮİ뾶ҶԼȫȫر棬һθеȡ
֮ǻϵħ֮УΪķħƽֻ߹ľͱòѰˣ
һĻֻ֮Ǳͨ΢һ㣬ٸߣҲ׶㣬߹ʮࡣ
ô죬Ȼǻ֮ܣôģ
߹֮֮ͬѧͿʼԥˣе㺦½ӽǸ֮ܡ
ΪʲôǻֻΪ½֮ϣ˭֪֮ħȻ˵һ㣬ȴһԣǾǿû淴ɹߡ
Ҳ˵ħǵħô򵥣һĹԣ
ô죿˵ȻһĻᶼûУһ߳˳ȥѾûѡ
˵ǲȥĻǵпֵܳĻͻʧǸʱǾҲܻαʤ
ֻϣħʦǻܸ꣬Ǹ֮ˣܻˣߣͿԽħʦʤӦǵġ
ڣ֣ǵѾҶ˵ʵѾףˣӦڵؼĸ֣ȷʵ2v5
òƣһŬ̼֮Ҷ˵ʵ־ˣѾ˵ؼ֮УȻǸո̤룡
ɱ
Żʯڷϵħİ֮£ԼߵٶȳҶˣͺһȻǳǸ֮ܡ
̡
ڽӴ֮֮󣬾ֹ̼ͣǸ֮֮ʧ

Ծıһγ֮ϣܶ෽ʽĽӴĽӴȴ˭ûģǵʧ˾ò⣡
Ӹոյĸо֮ϣǸǺǱ֮һ
ʲôʱ֮Ĺܣ
һɺϣ
ڴڶŻǵײ˵ڶײЧǸոǱ֮ɵĻ˾ͻѸոյһɺϣ
ֻǣڶŻǵĽһûκεķֱ𣡣
ˣڵţĿšһſŵĻײֱһŽһûκεķֱ
˾ֵǣ֮ܣ߹Ŀ֮£ƺԽԽǿ֮ǰЩǵһ˾úܲ˼飡
߹ĻϵħʱƺŸոո¶ͷţڲͬķǷ
ʵҶ겻ȥԭ֪߹Ļܸ֮ӺʣΪ߹ӵпԽϵħɣΪõ
ҲģһδεϰͨԻϵħԪص˽⣬ټҶ˵һСɹˣ
ȻⲢǾԵģ˵ǿܶģͺ
ǻ֮ħʦˣ˵ϣǵļֻеڵϵȴţ
ȴűĽǰɣ
Ҳǵȴϣ֮⣬Ķѣǵϣ
ʨ
ŭ֮
ͬѧʹǿĶŻ֮ܣû֮ǿҵĲ
ֻǣǿҵĲѣûгʵϵĽչ֮ȻǴڣ޷У
εʱһ˵ı仯ˣ
֮ܿʼһһط
ѵ˵߹ѾҪħջأҲǣôĻ֮ܣ˷ħ
ǻѾȥˣħʦҲѾˣʣµߣҶ߹ʵǿò֮ܡ
ֻҺܿͷ֣߹ջ֮ܣǽŸӾ˵飡
֮ڿ֮󣬾γһʹ̬Ȼǻɵһȴɼ
ӵһԳŮΣ˵
߹Ļ֮裡
ħ֣߹Լħ֮ʱѰʱҶڸڵ֣
Ȼ˵ֿô߹ȴҲȽ⣬
ǻ֪ںǶô
ͬʱҲ֪ħʵӦӵһ֣ǾǻҲҶ˸ڵģֻе㲻߹ʣԱȥˡ
ȻֲϣȴܺõڹɵʹŮ̬䶯ɣ
һֱڻţȥˣ


373 ߹Ļ֮裨3
ꡭ
ųĻӶų򣬹ǿҵͬѧȥٶȺܿ죬쵽˾ò˼飡
ӣ
ͬѧǱȽϴģ֮󣬾̷ɢߣ
ֻǣǵٶȴ޷ǷĻٶȣܿͱ׷ϣĻ֮Χס


صУ±յĺںڵˣȻɢڿ֮С

ȫڳĬǵıѾʼľˣֻΪǽԾ̫ˣѾϰˣھ߹ʹҲ֣
߹ħƺҲһչ֣ǰҶ֮սƺûùһС
Ҷ᲻߹ڿԼᣡΪҶѾ֪߹ӵħԼҲһӵƵģֻ֮ȴһֱʹá
ȻܣչԼˣһأȻǺȫԸҲĳ̶˵ǵȫкܴı
ȻˣǵʵԱȣҲǱ˴˵ʵ
˫ԼͬʵʱʵȻһģ֮£ʱ׷ԼһЩ㡣
˶һΪֻгȫŻиõͻƣʵһִڲͬʵĽ׶Σвͬĸ򣬻вͬ΢ͻƣ
ȫԽԽǿҲܵõµµͻƣʹýСʽԽԽ΢ʱȫΪʱЧȵǿϺܶࡣ
ܵܣˣҶҲȥЩ֣Ҷ˺
ô죿һ㡭Ҷ˵ҵĶС
Ҷƽ˵ҪԶҲżһᣬСֲܵǸһӵˣ
С⻰֮ϵĶͣһ£ţŷС㣬Ҫ˵
˵㱾ҪһӣȻôأҶЦЦܲ˵ʱѾҶС̵ߡ
ţ㲻ܷڣܣӵҶץҶ˵ͷﻹһʳڳôһ㲻壬Ҳȫ
ҶŮﶼ룬㻹Ǹɴ࣬ʲô˵֪ĻΪڱС̣ң
Сҡҡͷ˵֪ˣҲӣҲסˣһ죬ҲˣҲҪһ
û⣡㲻ʱҪ˵һ£Ҷ˵ͷ˵С̲ˣԼܻᷢˣûһ¡
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ĻǽʲôˣСû˵
ţһСҶ߹
ҶڳĬڿʲô⡣
ˣˣҲ᲻ģСЦ˵ȻŶƺûзӦεıѾˣӦʰˡ
Ҷȥ⣬Ҳˣֻһʱģûд𰸶ν˵ˣҶѾĴ𰸡
ҶѾӦʱȥȻ˵Ҫٶ۵ķӦ֮󣡣Ѿ㹻ˣ
֣ΪʲôЩ˲ʰأҲȥ
һŵĶǣѾʼȻܲңֻҪϢһ£ҲͿж硣
ǻڵԼܻᱻ̧ȥĻͻúѿ£һ˶ҪԼȥ
ֵ£ǷֱоȻûǰЧʣӦҶʤˣѵ
ѵ˵εı飿
ӦòܣǶĸԸˣб˶Դ飬ԼҲٱˣ
ŮȷǺǿ󣡣
Щ֣ЩҲǺ֣ҪʲôҪȵʲôʱ
һʲôʱʼЩô棬ǱߵŮСӣȻǱ߿⣬ţӦǿɣ
⣬ʴ췽ʥ򵥵ġ
ô
ʲôǻû𣿡
ʹʥǵԱ֮󣬼˶ش⣬Ƕ֣ҲûꣿѵҪվˣŽн
԰֮ǰıҲ֣ÿһζܿ⵽Ǹʲô
˵һе飬⣬Ϊеϲá
ֻǣոˣǺͲ˵ʥǵְԱǶʹ󲿷ֶһķӦ
˵ֵ󲢲һˣȫʥ֮ˣ


374 ʥŮݵ1
ʥ֮˱ҪʲôΪʲôأ
û˻뵽֮ԻΪһһ仰ǾҶ֮ǰҶĻҪһ㡣
ȻҶ˵һ㣬ֲ̫ƻصģʥǵ˶Ҫ⼸ʥǶ֪飬Ȼǲ֪
ֻǣǶԴҲһ
ӣҪԶ͵ĵطȥԣ㵱ǵԣջ𣿡
Ѿ˵Ҷ˼ĻǾͻǰȻǲΪʳģҪҶˣռŵطҲǲõġ
ţԲΪʳ΢һ㳢ζ
ʥ̬ȣڳ˾ԴҲܻ뵽һ㣬ôΪҶʥĵλأǲܵ顣
֮ǰɵķݵҶ˵ĵλʾһ£֮ǹС£ûȥҶˣĻʲô
ҲΪڳ˲Ҷݵλ
ֳһܹ״˶ǿҶ˳ŶСҶ˳ԣҶʱҲ˳ԶС
߹վһߣҡҡͷҶˣҶ˳Եôģֲȥϣˣ
ʱһȥ˼ޣ˽ȥƵʱһ鷢ˣʱ£
ף
Ҷ˳ųŵʱͻȻ̧ͷһա
ôˣҶŮͬʱʵؿҶķǳգʲôûп
ڳҲܸоҶ˵߲ͬʶؿҶķҲһκεĶ
ǱҪˣҶ˼ҧŵʳС
ҪˣҶ겻˵ţŮҶĲ⣬ΪҲɻš
ҪҲӦôӿй㿴ʲô
ʥ֮У˭ħɣңҲз󷨵ģҪֻܴڣҪǿͻơ
Լͼͣܽʥǵģ֤ͨģʥǵ˿ɵĳûκεƣ
˵֮ŲߣҪ洳
ָһµģָһˣ˵ˣǾͲһˣ
һΣûȴˣ
ڴ׼ջĿʱ򣬾ڴҾû鷢ʱ֮һ˿ɫĹâ˾úʥĹâ

ʲô
ʥ̵˶վʥĹâǶʥأǵϰߣеվеĻǼš
âҶ߹һ£ӱ˴˵УǶԼҪĴ𰸡
âǼģͬʱҶ˶Ϣг̶ȣܵóʲôһҶ˵Ҫֻһ
ǶѾ˴𰸣ңǵжôһĶʼɣʼҶ˶еĸо˴֮ģ޷͵ϵ
â֮󣬺ܿ죬һʥŮڴҵ֮УŮƯڿУɢʥĹâ˲֪֮䣬һҪĤݵĸо
ʥ̵ЩˣŮֵʱ򣬾Ѿϥһϵӡ
ιιŮʥĸоҲɣֲǵŮ񣡣
ʱЩѧԱڶǺܲмţǿɶŮŮҲһ¹򣬸οһŮ
ܿ죬ǾףΪʲôʥ̵˻ĶⲢΪŮɢʥϢҪĻŮݣ
ʥŮˣ
ʥ̵˶ЩѾʮûмʥŮˣôܼѾ϶֮ǰǸģʥŮѾѹˣ
ʥŮ£ʥ̻ûʽϾ飬ŽͻʽͨϺܶ࣬ʥǵ˶ѾյСϢʥ̷ΧڵϢͨʿѾյϢ
ʮٴοǵʥŮǸоʥŮѾøӵĽӽŮľ磬ʥĹϢŨˡ
ʥŮ
Ǵ˵еǸʥŮľ紫˵еŮһ
ЩѧԱĿ֮УעصĻʥŮľգʥһ棬ǾͿúᣬȫӣ
ʱ򣬺ܶ඼ףʥŮͻȻҪʲôҲʥŮĴ˵֪ʥŮ׵ĳǰ仹һ˳֣
һЩڵĻ˵ǧѷ꣡쿴ʥŮˣĻһӶ


375 ʥŮݵ2
ȻˣڳļСʥŮΪʲôеǲҿ϶ȻҲյϢе㲻š
ʱûȥ飬ֻǿʥŮ֪Ĳ֪ģʥŮʵ̫˵ˣ
ǿʥŮһһû˾ı֣ûκε谭Ᵽûˡ
ֻǣű󷨵ȴ֪ǴڵģºҲǶԴҲеֻҸԼŵɣ
ɻΪԵ˵ģʥŮĹϢͬĴڣԲſֱӹ
ʥŮԯϿգܿͷҶ˵ĴڣܸоҶʲôλ⣬Ҷ˵λҲ̫ˣ֮УǼΧһôҲ
ԯڿҶ֮һ£ֻΪҶ͵͵ļʳͳŴҶڿʱȴȥ¡
ԴˣԯǸеһȴ¶ʥ΢ЦЦֳ˸еӵĳˡ
ߣС֪͵ԣԯһ£һһ嵽Ҷ˵ߣҶ˾һ¡

ʱ˿̣Ҷ˸ոյ͵͵ҵûɣڽ֮Уԯһ֮ʹһ£ԯһᡣ
ʱҶ˵ΪԼı飬УеҪЦҡҡͷ
̷֮ӦΪʲôΪʥŮԯҶˣܵĶ
ԴˣֻмȥΪû˿ԸǴ𰸣
Ҷˣ㲻Ҫˣô͵ԣСе΢΢ŭ飬˵ԯĵѾˡ
ֻҶҪģ˿ʱӣ
ٺ٣պҶѸٽԵĶҧҧȻȥָ˵

˵һҲôõģ
ƺҶ˶ԯĵҲûرģѾϰԯߣȻ˵ʵ֮вûйξ֮ʵ̫̫ˡ
һֺܹĸоǾԼΪҪʥŮҶ߾ͱúһͨŮȻҶ⼸ˡ
Ҷ⼸˶мĳԵģƺҪȶʥŮȤ
ϻҶȤʲôǰͲԶԶģҶ߹֪ҵ뷨ͻֱӵ˵
СԯҶˣҶ˵һֻ֣ץţܸʵĸо֮ǰĶΣ
ΣֻΪһжΣ
ȴϲΣΪνҶ˴Լߣ
ڵеٸнĸо֪ôȥ˵ֻ֪ץҶ˵ֲţ
ԴˣҶ˲û⣬Ϊԯץ֣ԶΪʲôԯҪץԼ֣Ҷ˾Ͳˣֲǵһˡ
Ҷ߹;е㲻ˬоҶ˱ԯһԯ˵ǹѾԯħˡ
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪Լħԯûκεã˭˼ӵй֮ĵ켶֡
ԯոΪʲôңҶڳһ֮󣬲ųٶ۵ʵ

Ҵ㣬Ϊ㲻ң֪͵ԶԯҲܸɴ࣬ûԼ뷨Ȼ뷨˾Ұ
ŶҶ˵ͷƺ͡

Уϣô˵һˣһΪΣ֪֪жܣԯץҶ˵֣Ǻݺݵҧһڡ
Ѫˣⲻξ۵İҶȻ׼ԼƣƺҪġ
ԯһνȻùħƣ⾰˾ú˲ŪãΪ۵Ĳˣ
ʱҲҲ˵Ҷ꼸Ůķŭ˵ıúܺ棬Ŀɿڴӣʲô̼һ㡣
֮ǰľҲһܲס̼ʥŮȻΪҶҵǸܼˣһһʹӣԣǵĹϵǲһġ
Ȼʱƺû˹Ҷ˵ıԯҧģƺ˺ˣ
ô죬ܣ˲ţ
ʥŮ빫ӵĴģʥǵﰵ˵ĸоӦ÷£ƺֲ뷴ԣìܡ
ǶųУֻӦ˳ȻʲôҪʣŮ˵ˣ
˵ΪʲôҾˣԯһʵ⣬ǳ⡣


376 ʥŮݵ3
˯˵˯ûȥ㡣Ҷ˻ش
ҲӦһˣԯ˵
˭˵һˣҲǸ˿ţû˵𣿡Ҷ˿ԯɻ
˵ˡԯ˵ϣȷܹҶˣҲΪԼá
ǲ͵ˣҶ˵ǲ˵㲻֮ܳǰ˵Ǿ˵ǹʥŮģŶ֪ˣ͵͵ܳģ㲻Ŷ
ȥȥ˭͵ܳģǹĹ˭ңҾͲʥŮҸ죬˵ҵģԯЦ˵Ҷ˵Ļ⣬˵Ҷ֮ǰҪġ
㡭ҿŲ࡭Ҷû˵
ԯʥŮݣ켶ʵչҶ˵ķݣҪҶȥչ
һ㣬㱻۸ˣͱҵ֡˶һܼӣûʲôţҶ˰ڰ֣ܲ˵
û£ֻҪģһжҪԯЦ˵
Ҷԯ˵ŻʱŮʿǵߣһ·׷֮ǰڸԯġ
ԯߣû˵ʲôҲûԯȥֻŻıݣһŲܣ
ʵҲûа취ȥܣ̻ʽĻѾˣǾԯ飡
ֹ֮һˣһĴְԱְڵǣʥŮҶˡϳȥڵİռųأʱ仹ܽܡ
ڶʱ䣬ʱ䵱ȻѾȥˣûôһֱڵȴ
ʥŮˣӣ˵ĻȻصϯﻹҪһְԱЩСʵ
ͽһˣҲˣʰȥҸһļҶеϧ˵ҲûмҲǺˡ
㻹԰ԯ˵
ȻˣζģҪҪҶ˵СʰͰѶʰɾˡ
ҲԣҶҲеˣûгԶԯҶʹ飬ƺҲ⣬ԼĶе㲻˼˵
ʥŮˣ᲻̫ˡŮʿܺĵѵ
գȷһ㡭ˮ㡭Ҷ˵ͷܿʹӽָóˮԯ
㻹ϸĵģԯ˹ȻЦţееܰĸо
Ҷ˴ܰΪҶ˶ù
ֻǣܿҶ˵һ仰ףԭԭ˼Ȼǡ
ÿԱˣһ˺ˣ


Ҷԯ񡱱ˣָ򣬶˵ȥҲ˲ٵ˼
еҶԯĹϵе˾ֹϵɵӰ졭
֮ǰЩ֪ҶڲͬѧԱǶʼˣҶʥǵݣʥŮĹϵ
Ȼǲ֪ҶԯĹϵʲôǶҪҶˣΪԭǿŮ˵Ĺϵ
ȻмҲвټʵˣҲҪʥŮϹϵ
ԴҶԯ֪ҵطһʼǺ⣬˺üΣҶѡһطǾ֮ǰٵĹ
طѾɾˣһܿտĹ㳡ʥûٴι滮֮ǰｫᱣӣӵ㶫һ¡
ʥ˵ĵطʵǺʥǵķӹˣ󲿷ֶǿŵģôһ󹬵ʵֻʥάķã
˵һαٵʵʥ˵Ҳδһ£
Ҷˣȱ˵ʲôԯտĳأü
ʲôҶҧһѾκδʦʳգС̹Ȼţôղͻˡ
ҪеɽҪСҪǡԯָһط˵š
ȱ˵ȫûУԯĻﰵ˵
ϧﲻУȻҪôĶԣԯ˵֮󣬾ͶҶЦ˵
УÿζỻһγЩǳƣѾƸˡ
Ӧ˵½֮ϣ԰ƷƣѾû˿ԳԽ
ȥΰҶûĵ˵
ȥԯŭ±˽ΣȻԺͲһˣΪǸʱҶ˵ܣֻм档


377 񼣹㳡1
ʵҪҲܼ򵥣ҿ԰㣡Ҷҧʳܲ˵
˵԰ҴߣС㣡ԯپʾһ£Ȼտĵط
ҪûⷢĻһｨԼҪ԰֣ԼƣԼල
ʥŮݣҪｨɸ¥ҲһⶼûУ
˵ڰɣʵУҶҧʳߵһߣǰ淢һĻ˵׼
ڳŮӶҶˣҶߵǱʲôڰ
ž
Ҷ˫ֺһȻڵϣ˫֮ϳһǿҵĹâţâʼĴйķֲ
Ҷˣʲô󣿡СͣŽϵֵϵʲô͵ģΪʵ̫ˡ
ϵϵˮϵϵкټȻϵǺ˻ʹõħϵ
ȻϵһƴȻֲħԿֲʱ䣬ֲĴСͣԴµֲֻǴ˵
֮ϵͳǾͱʾ츳֮Ҳϵģħϵͳ֮ͬҲУһӵ츳ĶǾһ߾ĺᣬǺټġ
Ȼħ˭ʹõģ츳ԲǴҪʹôһϵ
ֻû˻ȥʹȻϵķֻΪȻϵķһҪҪԵĶ򵥵˵ֲҪغˮûЩ޷ʹõġ
ǣʹȻϵ֮еħκﶼЧûκεҪ
ԣһ£Ȼϵķǵƻ߸ٻй͵ģҲȻϵӡ
һЩ֮УǿΪЩԵĶôῴۣ
֮УȻϵȴõıȽ϶֮࣬УȻϵҲв٣ŲͬãϵȻϵǱȽٵģеʿһûнӴ
ҶöԴԣҲΪһЩ֮УҪȻϵ˵ˣҲϲоЩ
󣡣Ҷ˶С̵⣬ش֡
˭֪⵽ҪʲôǴҶҪʵģܿ죬ҶʼеףҶҪʲô
һʼֻ׳һţճһδɵܣֱһĴС֮չˣԲ
ʱ˶ֱ֣ѾﵽĿ̶ֲȣȻ˵С󲢲󣬵һ˵ﵽ̶ȵģǾǾ޽еġ
ֻǣﵽһֲĳ̶ȣûн㳡ֻ꣬ռе֮һ
Ҳһ˵֮ǰǸǶôӴ
ΪôĶѾʼע⵽һߵȴû˿ǲ룬ǲܣ
ҶŪʱȲȻʥǵĹʿʿѾ˲ٵ˽⸽Χϡ
ΪҶԯ棬ͬʱҲǷֹҶ˵˴ţȻǲҲҶҪʲô
ĽУ֪ҲԽԽ࣬ȻҲЩõϢʿ̻𼱻ǵܹ
Щʿ֮Уʥ̵ĻѧԺģ֪Ҷ˵Ϊģмʥ̵ĻѧԺ֮еҶѧԺʼѧԺΪżƺһ̶
֮Ҷ˱վ˫һǰͳһƽԲûκεĶԲһħĹâ׼ȷ˵ħâɵġ
һʼһ㲻ҶҪʲôԲʲô˼ܿ죬Ҿˣ
һСӣҶָԲһһСӣӦģǸ֮Уοʼ仯ʼݣһӴڴǰ
ţˮӿᣬСע

ʲô⵽ʲô
ڴ˿̣Ҷ˵ЩˣȻѾҶǸԲ壬ȴ㲻ôġ
ôһԲ֮еĶ̫˼ˣ
ǰδδŵģ
𣿡Ҷ˿һߵԯͻȻʵ
ʲôףҶŮ㲻Ҷ仰еĪǾøĪǣԯȻڵͷ
ţˣ
ԯҶ˵ıϣ۾˫Բ
ǾͽˣҶ˵һ䣬С̵ıϣŶ
ţԯӦ˫ֿʼ裬ԲϷ裬滮һһĺۼۼӦľͻĵ֮ϡ


378 񼣹㳡2
СţˮɽС
һڿٵĳڴҵǰһжǻȻɣͺԭҶ˶ûЧ
̫ˣҶ߹Դ˷һп
Ҷǿ϶£һ¾Բһ̨ԿΧĵΣֻҪ˿̻ʲôͻʲô
ڶ¾ǣʥŮԯǻģ̶ҪԶԶһʿ
ĻҶ֮ǰĪĻͱ˳ˣ
ʥŮôһܱҪߡ
˵Ҷ꼸ֻǳԾĻʥ̵ʿˣΪ֪ԯǲκεڱ֮ǰǲġ
Ҳ˵ڱ֮͡ĪĻˣˮƽߣ
еܲˣ
ҪǱҶ꼸֪һеĴ𰸣𰸲˵һҶнԯġ
ԯǸʱĵ㣬ڤ֮⣬оһƻоҲ˽⡣
ķҲһ漰ǰҶ˾Ǹпʲô֪֪ʶḻ
֪֪֮ǰԯһᣡ
ôҹԿһȫĲ񣬱ɸеĸ֣
˵ôʱңһҲԳΪĸ֣Ҷ߹ͬʱ˵
˵˵ֻǶȴûȤֻҪԯȽһ¡
ܿ죬ԯҶ˵֮£Լո˵ĶʵˣտĳأھͳһԲε԰֣һϢ԰֣
һһľСˮͤȣСȵȣһôЭͺһģֻûȻͣ
˵ۿ԰ֵĳ֣û˻ţһڼСʱɵģƵɣֻмСʱ
ǣΪԵʣҲǲţӦֻſ񼣣
û񼣣
񼣹㳡֮񼣹㳡ܶʿΪĿ꣬ҪԽҶ˵񼣵
ֻǣȴԶûа취ԽĴڣǻŪóֻһһľ޷ģ
ΪʲôԴҺԻΪģ׼ģ
Ĵڱһ񼣣ǰĳƺš֮ӣ
񼣹㳡ɵʱ򣬱ϵѾ𺳵ľѾ޷ȥֻж˵
ϵع֮ǰţǹŮ漣
ͣʲôһأ
ʥŮ꣡꣡
֮ʥǿʼĺǴ񼣹㳡ӵʥǵĺܶ˲֪壬ȴܴ󷽵ĸ֧֡
̻ʴˣʥŮڡ
˵ˣ֪ʲô֪ô̻ʣֹ̻˵ĻرΪѾյϢ
Ǻ֮ѾĶУô֪ܲأ
ʥŮҪʲôʱʲôʱɣֻҶСһҲ֪СʲôģԵķϲģȴӵôǿѵ˵Եģǿʿ̻аţҲʥŮ̬ȣʥŮҶ˵Ĺϵ
̻֪ʥŮһְ裬˭һԯҲųģǱȽϳ谮ģЩӡ
˵ԯҪʥŮǲǿֻǣܻӰ쵽ʥϵƽ⣬ܻһҪս
ԯ˯ʱ䣬мϵѡʥŮʥŮѡԼϵġ
ˣȥܣ
ԯѾͷʥŮǴ󲿷ֽھͻһվ˵Ը⣡
񼣹㳡ɾ͵ĲҶһˣͨʥŮԯӵй֮ĵģӽŮĹʥŮ
Ҷˣ̫ˣԯ˹ȥҶ˱ڻĿǰ֪񼣹㳡Ӱ죬Ҳ˵ĺֻҪԼҶ˵ϲ
񼣹㳡ֻһ壬ǾҶΪģҶһɵģ
ʵϣҶҲȷΪһ仰Żᴴ񼣡
ιιԯ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǲڵ𣿡Ҷܲˬ˵Ҷ˴ԯĻзֳȻ䱧ԼĻС
ҲĽ㣡ռˣ
Ҷ걾ԯӽҶˣҶߵŮӶһ㣬ֻÿģ֤Լĵܵ
ֻǣԽԽоԯҶˣҪҶܵܣҪΪҶ˵Ľ㣡
Ҷ˵һΣˣ


379 񼣹㳡3
Ľ㣬ҲǣҿǶ󣡡ԯЦ˵
ӣҿû࣬ˣûãˣҶܲм˵ԯΪһĿԡ
Ҷ˵ֻҪԼĵλ͹ˣڱûеõλ˭Ҫȥ
ã˵ҲҲʮѣ
壬ѾʮˣܶϰʮˡҶʱæ֮гյġ
ҲܣҾʮŮҪұ㡣ԯЦ˵䣬Ů˵ȻС㣬ȴϲҶ˽ãϾǿҶ˳ġ
ˣҶ˽Уֻʮꡭ
ԯ̻ʺؼҳԷҶ˵


Ҷˣɣԯ⸽԰֣Ҷ˵
Ҷֵʵϵǲؿˡ
ϲҪñԯЦЦ˵
ŶУҶߵոģߵǸԲıϣ˼ƣԲջأȻٴ֮С
ţ󷢳һâ󲿷ֶڵصףڸǣû֮ǰ
˵ʲôǣǰʹͨ˵ЩĪĻҶ߹е㲻ˬˣԭ򣬻κ˶᲻ˬ
ű˵ԼԼȴĻȷǺܲˬ飡
ûʹͨҲ˵þͲõģǲܿƵģҶ˵мǾӦøĳɡ˵ʹþʹáĻҶ˻һ㡣
⻰ʲô˼Ҫ췴ǲǣҲǲǿƣҵǰʹͨҲҪѻ˵ҶץҶ˵Ķ΢ŭ
ûа˵ûʹãҶ˿˵
ոǵĻʲô˼Ҷɿ֣Ҷ˵Ķ䣬˵
ո˵˼ǰ̶ֻҪʹøոյĿģͿıطĻԯϲĳԸֻǣȴ˵Ҫ˵ԯԺҪǷڵңҿɲٽĵط̫ˣҶڽ֮󣬾ԯѻ˵ǰͷˣ鷳ˡ
Ȼ˵һȫǿԼ㶨һҲǿͬĶֻ̫ûµĻǾԲ
֪ˣҲҪٸˣҲѾ㹻ˣԯЦ˵ƺˡ
ҶԯĻҶ˵˼˵ոǸ󣬿ıĶҿظ
ţǵġҶ˵ͷص
ҶһᣬȻ˵̫˼ˣ֪ҲҪһ£
߹ĬԭֻΪԼ棬ҪǱ֪֪ᷢʲô顣
߹Դ˺ܿ϶Ҷһᱻ˲š
Һãԯˣûظ޸ģܾڼ˵УȻĻǽӭһ籩
Ҳһ籩ֻ˵ȽСһ㣬Ҳһܴ
꣡ʥŮ꣡
ףڽʲôҶĺеֵʵ
֮ڲע⵽ӦٶۣΪ֮У֮еģȻҲͲ֪
ǸģҪҶ˵ĻǼˣԭԼʲô˸
ڽ꣬ǲַʲô飿ԯ΢Ц˵аɣҾϲС˵һ𣬲ʲôɡ
ˣȥˣǼ档ҶϵĻҳҶ꼸Ů˵
㲻Ǹոձȹ𣿡ԯһ£֪֪Ҷϵıʵǿʹʽı
ϵǻ飬ҵ磬ڹȥӦòˡҶ˻صȥ
ôȥμӻ飿ԯҶš
Ҷ˰ڰ֣˵Ҫҽ㣬ұģһ鷳飬ҲνҲûʲô
˭˵ģкܶģҴȥ棡ԯ˵Ϥ֪ʲôطкĶ
ֻģҶ˻ú桭
ʱҶҪֹҶ˱ԯţҶѾȿˣܸɴľܾˡ
Ҫȥ˯Ҷҡͷ֣ǺͻŮˡ
ŶԭҪһ桭ԯЦ˵ΣǺԼһ
Ҷ˲˵ȥ˵



380 ƫ루1
ӣʥŮˡҶ˸ոճ񼣹㳡ͿΧһȺˣһֺǡ
ΪʲôǵеҶ˿ԯе䱸ظо
Щ̺ˮֱǼòá
ӣ£ֻҪȥ𣿡һγ֣ò£ʥ֮ҹ䣬־˹
ҪͿҪ⣬ԼȥоҶ˵ȻֹȥĹ㳡Ǹ͵ġ
ͬʱҶҲһЩԭĿĸ˺·ЩҪҶʿֻԼо¼µ
ոҶдʱ򣬲û赲ߣʿ¼̫ھܸӣһкܶ⡣
ҲΪҶ˲ȥͣоˣǵӵľ
Ҷˣ˶񼣹㳡
ǽ񼣹㳡ʱ򣬲ŷ֣ԭ˳Ծ黹ںͷ
񼣹㳡ɶգۼȫȻĲϹɣеĽκε˹ۼ߸˶Խ֪
ܣӣǽڵȶһģźгĲ
˾ĵطĵĻ԰֮еֲЩߵĺʮʷĻľ
ôģѵ

ʲô˶ڣʿȥˣҶ֮ȴõһϢ
ӣҪԼˡµְԱеε˵
ҶЩؿְԱʲôϵ
ӣո֮ǰʲôأְԱѵ
Ҷһᣬ˵֮ǰڳԶ

߹ҡҡͷû˵֪ԣ˼˵֮ǰǸ󣬽еʿˣԣûˡ
ţ߹˵ûеʿжѾȥоѾûˣְԱͷ˵
Ǿ˵ûбˣɡҶ˿˵ľܿóѾûа취ˡ
ţûˣذɣְԱǹ˵
ذɣ컹бȥúϢһ£ҶץҶˣһߣסĵطҲ°ŵѧԺס
ȥӦߣԯͬץҶ˵֣ķȴһҪҶȥƶ
ߣҶһ
ߣԯһ
ߡ
ߡ

Ҷм䱻ȥģҺܿͽˣֻΪҶԯŭĿӣҶˡ
ҵܵܣҪߣҶ
ǰÿ춼һӦøߣǲһһ࡭ԯʾ˵
ÿһˣҪ
Σܰεʵ𣿡
Ҳһ𣡣
ҰŻºһ𡭡

˳ųţͻȻطʣҶѾ֪գͬģ߹СҲˣ
㣡ͬʱŭȻȥ׷ҶˣԯڣҶ˾Զˣһ׷ĻֻҪһķΧ֮ڡ

صոյʱ̣ҶڿŮڳżܣûԼʱͶűϵС˵ţ߰ɣǼ
ŶõġС̿˿Ҷˣ룬ͺܹɵصͷҶˡ
߹ȻҲǸҶߣҶ꣬ŲͲҶԼԶһ㣬ԼԵҶһ
ȻڶһС̣С̵ԸоڣҲԼռҶһ
ˣҶ˷ֵʱֻŮʿŮʿְֻǸʥŮԯǲܵġ
ţԯͳһȥоҶڵķ򣬶ҶҲͬʱȥ
ʱ˿̣Ҷе㼵ĽԯΪԯԿͨĸоҵҶˣ͵һ㣬ĽˣοϲͨһĽ顣
ܿ죬Ҷҵһƽ⡪
ȥˣ
Ҷڸԯ˺ܾ֮󣬷ԯеߵļƣ֪ʲô
Ҳ֪ԯĬһᣬȻҡͷ
ô᲻֪ǲǿԸӦԷ𣿡Ҷ꾪ȵ֮ǰҶƾŸоҵԯ֮ĸӦӹɵġ
ǿԸӦԷоģһ룬ͻúģ֮ʧԯε˵


381 ƫ루2
ԯҪԼĸоԸӳһ㣬ܴﵽκν䡣
ֻǣǲܵģˣ֮ľ룬һжܸǡ
˵ԵĻҶڽʥǵʱ򣬾ܸоԯĴڣǵ󣬵ƶʱǸо
һ㣬ԯҲף𴲵ʱ򣬾ûиӦҶ˵Ĵڣֱӽ֮󣬲˸о
ȻǹƽģȻĻǵϵ̫ˣֻһʱҲҶС쵰ˣҲԺ˦ԯ
Ҷ¶ЦݣܿģһԵĺϢ
ЦЦɣҲҶˣܿ𣿡ԯҶЦݣǲˬ˵ԼܲµҶ뷨
ҺܿģΪҲԭ֮ϵôŶԶľ룬͸ӦˡҶЦ˵ֱӵķԯ
ãиӦʲôûˣԯܲػصССķһҶꡣ
һУһжҪġҶ겻΢ЦŻػ
ԯҧҧҶ궷죬֪ԼӮˣҲӮҶҶĿеĵλ
ǰȻ֪Ҷ꣬ȴ֪Ҷһ㣬ܺãǱԶ޷ȡģΪǰߡ
һ㣬ûʲôȡκˣֻϣҶԼĸԺһ㣡
ʥŮˣҪҹӵĻʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһ¸ѲǵĹʿһ֪ԯίŮʿе㲻ˡ
˵Ҷ˸ԯίĻǵǿӣ˾Ͳˣʥڵκˣοˡ
԰ôˣ٣ǹʿһעšԯԴԼ̫ˡ
ʥȫԼĵ̣ûӦҲһҵҶˣ
УҪȥʹʿССһ𣬿϶ǻǵסˡҶܲм˵ȻֱԼס
˵ҲǣոС˵ԼҪϢ𣿶СߺСһģ϶ǵǱˡԯ߶ţ˭
Ȼ˵ĻǾȥǱߣ
ԯ׵ؾ˾Ȼ׼׷Ҷȥʱ򣬹ʿȴһηϢҪȥ̡
̻ʵĻ϶ˣ̼ȴҪԯԯֲϻֻԼϢˡ
ʥŮˣҪ㣬㻹ȻȥɡŮʿյϢ֮󣬱ֹԯġ׷
һȥС쵰һȥԯ˵뷨Ҷ˸ԼĿʱˡ
ʱһŮʿʥŮˣȻ˵ϲ͹һ𣬵ŹӺһǲʺϵģʵ䷴ʱӶ㡣
ԯͣƺ⻰˲Сľ
ҪѹӱƵ̫᲻ϲҲϲŮʿҡҡͷȻԯͬҲӦҶһ㡣
ȻСеҰԵŹӣûм˹ӵǷд˶СۣӦöаŮʿƺҪԯ˼һ¡
ҶϺǿƣҪҶǸʵҪĶǺܼ򵥵ģκһܵܵĿġ
һҶҪʲô飬֧֣ӲᷴԣҶˡ
ͬʱҲչҶ˵Ρ
ҶϲҶԭȷһý㣬Ҫѧϰĵطкܶ࣡ԯڷ˺һ֮󣬿Ҷʧĵطһп
ţҪõһָ飬Ҫͬĸ飬ֻõֻҪԷǽһʧȥݸ顭Ůʿͷ
ԯһȻ֪ԭҶ˾άһĸ飬˫иһ΢ƽ⡣
Լ֮΢ƽͺʧˣӦԼӦĻһãˡ
ˣˣȻƶЩӦиԯĮȻʥ
֮ͨҪǻȥ̻ʣ̻ûнһȥⲻΪ˳òкҪ֪굽ôһ¡
κ˱˶ʮһ꣬Ҫ֪ԼΪʲôᱻ⣬ʥŮҲһҪ֪
ԯҲܲµӦѾˣѾ˶ʮһˣûнǾͿԶ޷
Ҷ˵飬˼һԼӦʲôе켣λ



382 ơӰ1
ˣôԸôĸдѵʲôԯڰ·ʱͻȻ£ʸոǸԼŮʿ
ʥŮˣ⣬òҪʡŮʿ˵Ǳ飬йµˡ
ףԯͷ


֣ԯôû׷·ϣҶеԯûиȴܿ콫ԺΪ˵ԯò顣
ҶȥǸסһѧԺĴ͹ܿԼ߹С̵ķ䣬ֱӿŶ롣
ȷһ飬Ҷ˾ϵģС߹
ֻǣȴҲ֮⣬м֮͡оһġ
㣬ôˣҶֵʵôܵÿγ֣ͻ֣ƽʱӰ
Ҳܹ𣿽챾Ҫģû뵽СܡЦʵƺҶ˶ΪСܡ
ŶʲôıһˮҶ̾ʱԼӦúͼıйء
ðǷˮҲҷˮ㣬ﶼʲôѵͲ𣿡еû˵š
ҶӦ԰ƽʱ㶼û졣ˣ㣬ܵܺʲô
ڴʱ˿̣֮УҶڶţһֱţûĶС߹һ˵ŻһҲûа·ϵӡ
ʲô飬ǹë飬ҪûرҶƭȥë΢Ц
ոʱ򣬱櫹櫼ҪҪҶ߹˹ȥ֪ҶѾƶˡ
Ӹոտʼ˾һֱŶԷһҪֻëһͲ֪ʲôĿˡ
ô˵˾ţܿģҶ˴ֵľ棬ֻ̯Ц˵
櫣ٸҵëɣ
飡
ȫԵ˶û뵽Ҷ˾ȻʱҪë
㻹ҪǰߵģһŭҶˡ
Сòãô࣬θ߰ʮûģ˵ˣ֮Ҳ᳤ģҶ΢Ц˵Цݾʹһ㡣
ȥҵëǺѳģ㾹ȻҪ߰ʮߵ
ѳҲ᳤İǹ˻᳤ø죬ҪҪԣҶʵ

㡭ߣĳȻĹĵˣߵĻҶ˻εë
һΣʧˣ
Сȥ˯ˡҶ˵Ȼ߹Ĵ˯֮ǰʩչĺܴ
Ҷô֪߹ĴʹҲǱ˸߹Լģ׼ȷ˵Ӧųģ߹ζ
Zzzzz
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ͽ硣
˯ˣ㿴е֡
ţոտ̫ˡ㣬ıǿɱʧȻʱҪܵȡЦˣҶЦ˵Ѿ֮Լӡ
˼άתúÿ죬ҶеԸԼǸá
ǾˣС̲ܴСֲϲǲġҲν鱾ģҲмһû뵽Ҳ֡Ц˵
ٺ٣ĻܾܵͻһҪӶӲҶ꽫ԭ˵˳Це㲻˼ĸо
֪ܵܣԼӦҪ飬ʱ׿ˣǲμħġû˵
֪֪ˣҲͲһˣʲô飬飬ѧԺ飬ܲμӵĶμˣѵ𣿡Ҷ˵
֣˱ݵ飬Ȼʲôμӣ鶼ûзŹ˲ʲô˼
μӱܸʲôأһǿɡ
˵ҲǡҶͷʾͬУȷ̫ˣʥǶЩְԱ춼˵̣ĵطһûС
֮ǰĶʮ죬ǳˡ
ڣҲֻҶߵʱž˼
СܼȻ˯ˣǾúúģѾþû˰ɡ
ţöûһˡ
ҶһţҶһ˯ţܿ죬߹Ҳϴ˯ˡ
ڿ߹Ҷ˯һŴϣее죬ܿͨˣ˱δޣҲƽ
졭


383 ơӰ2
ڶ죡
ʲôҲòμˣΪʲôҶڵʱϾ˸ͨһϢ
ӣ㲻òμıˡ
ΪѾĹھˣְԱһϲϲӡ
Ҷ˵˴һ£Ҷ˸㲻ϵҶҲһףôһ£ôͳ˹ھ
ƭ˰ɡһαûйôͳ˹ھҶ˿ְԱһؼ⡣
ȷҶ˴ӿʼڣıһζûвμӣȴõ˹ھ˭Ŷúܲ˼顣
û취˭ʿȥ񼣹㳡о˵ıѾûˣھǷĪְԱ˵Ҷ˵еݡ
Ҷ˳Ĭţ⽫ʷһαȻ˶˱
Ҳֻܳ飬ֻʿŻħʦЩƴĶȡھ
ҶϢֻνذڰ֣˵ŶǾˣҲñˣ񼣹㳡ʲôط
񼣹㳡ʥŮɵǸ㳡ѾΪ񼣹㳡ΪͺһûɣְԱͲѯʵ
Ҷҡҡͷصûǵ飬һֶѣңֻ
ǺõģȸˣףǱʤְԱ˵֮󣬱뿪ˡ
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Ҫȥΰȥһ椡
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Ҷ˵ͷ˵ȲȥϳС̺Ȳ졣


ıֽ˼죬һÿζҶ߹˳֣ҶǺСһߺȲߺȹ֭ԵģҶ˼Ӽ͡
Ȼ߹һʵ֮û˸Сˣóǿı죬һЩԵĶҶ˸ˡ
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Ҷ˾ó˾ǰ»ΪŮƷҲӦģţԼģҲӦǱġ
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ȻǹҶǼǺ޵ĳɷֻ֣ΪҶ˵һȫˡ
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û˵֪ʲô
֪֪ҪԼ֮ǰҲûйҶ˻ػ
ƴһ£û뵽Ҷ˻뷨Ҷ˵ģҲû˵Լ֣֪֮Ҷ˵֣ΪԼȥġ
ˣӦ˵˭ûҽܹģڣʼʶԷ


384 ơӰ3
ӰơӰѵǰ۹ӰǸΨһļ̳ˣ߹ŷƣͻȻһţйӰĴš
ţڰ۹Ĵ֮һӰ壬һֻһ̳ߣ̳߻һŮӣŮӺǵһ֡
ͬʱӰǼٵģ˵ֻӰһңˣǰŮٷ֮ʮĿܻǸŮ
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Ŷ׵ƨ

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ţʲôóԵġҶ˲ǣ׼С̵һȥԶ
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죡ǵ飬㲻ùܣʱҶ߹ŭֻΪ֪Ҷ˽Ӧûʲô顣
ǺòײһһĻᣬǿɲκƻ
ʱ򣬰»е㲻ŮҲ̫ҶСˣеʼɣе㲻ˬ
Ҷͣס˽Ųͷ˵˵úܶԣӦʲôˣţ³ýСߴһǸǼˣҵĴء
ʼڴӽָ﷭Ŷ˵ĴģôͣӦǿģ
վס
ͬһʱ̣ҶһзһӣͬʱƺҶ볡ѵǶϲҶڳϿϷ
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ͺ˵һ˳µ飬˾»ȷв


385 ʹװ1
ţȷʵе㲡԰ƵͷܿͷֲԾԼôð»е㲡أҪɯԹ
ƿɯʱ򣬷ֿɯǺܲƵġ
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û˵ʵ˵ԭϡ
ģǰҶ߹÷ȥȷһ£ǲҶڰﰮ»
ԴˣҲе㻳ɣǾȥˣǵſɯʡ
»Ųӣͷˣ˵ԼֻǴҶ˼һΣûҶ˰æǴҶսҲʵıӮġ
ԴˣȻҶǸʱ򣬵ȷûʲô£ǿıȡʤģԣúǿŵġ
ȻˣǻҶڰﰮ»ȻҶ̬ȣôܵɯı֮ϡ
ֵĻܣȥսƺǾԲܵ飡
ɣ»飬Ҫ֤Լ֤ԼɵӮҶˣĻ÷ƺͿɯٻˡ
Ҫ֪Ұ»ǿӮģҪԼ䣬һξûˣҲ³ħ»վ˳һָҶˡ
˳Ĭʱ򣬶ԼͬؿҶˡ
УӮӮˣʲô£ˣǵӣҶһм˵ȻС뿪ȫӰ»ս

ȫԶԣû뵽Ҷ˻ôɴľܾսһ˵ĻıȻĽܡ
޳ܣɯҶ˵۾ˣһμо
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Ҷڴʱֻ»˵ĹھǻģεõھҶ˿ȫǿҶˣҲȷҲ˵ΪŮˡ
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䣡
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Ǽ˾Բ˵ҶˣʵҲԣοȫûµġ
»ĬˣҲעת߹һߣü
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ҷƷƣֲǿɯӰӰͬѧӰСҲüҲ֪Ϊʲôʼ»е㷴С
ڷƷƺһֱͲôϲ뿨ɯֻǿɯûзϣҲû⡣
ƶڷƷƺֻйϵǵ˲ܽУԣ»ǣ
ӰͬѧҪԸСһ㣬Ǻǿ»˵ڷ÷Ƣ仹ڿɯǰ
˵ҲᣡóĽһѻĽһѿħħ
ȻҲһΪʶһģ
ҲΪص㣬ʱħʦŽ߻ħȣȻħҪʵһģһ£Ǻܼʵġ
ͬģΪ飬ʱóʱ򣬲ܿԷħʦߣֻеȳ֮˽⡣
ȴǲ۲۵Ľʿǲȥɵġ


386 ʹװ2
ҶС㣬߹£ͽ̣ƶҶ
ͽ̣Ҷ˻ƣ׼ȥԷץסȻһϰߡ
ʱǸее鷢ķƣҲƺ׼ħͬʱѾȹ

ֻǰһ壬ԼٶҶ˳ȥٶȣΪԸħʦİ취ǽ
ʱƺڷƵ˫֮¾ȻŻ棡
ǷûϵħԼ٣򵥵˵ûķҶһף˵˾еԾˡ
ڴʱ˿̣ӦóԾĻҶ߹ΪƵٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ҪӷƵʵ
ƵʵȻԤϵĸߣƽʱʱôʵȻûжҶʹùҲ˵һ㣬ǿ֮ϲʵ˵
Ǿ仰˵Ե·ˣţ˼
ڷƵʵжߣҶĻ˵ͣĻļʻܴ
Ӧα֮УҶе飡
ʱҶҲûʱȥ⣬ֱһ׼ӭͷʹơ
ǵ˫һ죬ҪʩŶǰףĶӰеģֻҪʩŵĶ˫۾ͻῪʼ죬ɫĳ̶ȣǿȶ仯
һ£ӰҲ˫ɫΪı׼ɫ糺죬ǾͱʾѾﵽ˶壬ѾһĴڡ
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Ƶ˫ۺһϵĽֻĹҫֱűһӣһ뽣ȥӭı̡
䣡
ײ֮󣬱̾ͣס˽Ųм˿
ţƼǰȻһбŴ鿪ıӹҪҶˡ

Ҷһ̳ı̣˷ȻϷ
˵ûĶĻᱻҶıУڴʱ˿̣˾ǿļܽƵ
콵
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ǹ
ʮǹγɣƣʮǹͬһ켣ҲǴͬһ򹥻ǴӲͬĹ켣ͬĽǶȹŷơ
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ͬĵطʮǹˣƺ÷ƺ·
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ҶĬʱץסҶ˺ݺݵѵһ٣ڰı߼ͣ㵽վһߵġ
ҶˣǰԷͣСС㡭С죬ĻԼЦ
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Са㵹תĺܿ죡
ˣ׼ȥˣҶ˽ķڵϼܺãȻ˫鳣˼һᣬڿǴʲôơ

ͷصҶǱߵսӰ֮󣬾ͳһҶıܣһҲͨһǴŸȵĻϵ
̡
ҶıûеסǻȵĽ̴ˣ
ڻϵǰϵеԿˣ
ƵҲһ˵ʲôҲһʱħҶ껹µҲûдܿԷסһС
ҶڱܱƵʱ򣬲ûкˣǺ򶨵վһֻ˫ֽһƣȻǰһơ
𡫡
͵ı֮ķơ


387 ʹװ3

һƶյıܹͻȻֵıʱҲûʱȥң侲Ҷٽһ԰ε֮ƺնҶꡣ
Ҷ·⣬һӵض𣬽գܹͬʱҲ˾롣
ҶıбŵģűĹȥϾͻ֧ŵıҪ뽫ҶӿŪÿϱİ취ǲУȫϡ
Ҷû뵽ǣƾȻȫˡ
Ҷһ̣ƵȫʼɢϢţһӽ³һ֡
ն
һʮҵĻŷƵĽҶıȫնϡ
Ҷȴûоңֻһӣٴγֱţûˤڵء
ҶΪԼվȽŲʱ򣬷ѾȥһνӽҶ꣬ұ֮ǰˣҲûţ˲ӳϵ


Ҷ裬ЩСͱܵԼѾ취ˣ롣
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Ҷʼû룬÷һıƽԼ
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ҪƵʵ⣬ҲΪ˷˵ĹԷ˵ģǱ߻ĸһֱûж
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ҶĶͿĽһ㣬ֻĳһӣɨƣǺĸоףɨеĻһᱻֿ롣
û˵ǱʹĻ򣬾װ

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˲䣬ڷƵǰγʮһ֯һǰƽë飬ͬʱҲҶС
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ܿ죬Сһ𰸣ǾҶ֪Ҷû£


388 սޣ1
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ɹ
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סԼ»ڶǽı֪Լ赲ߵĻǽһ䡣
䣬Ϊ䲻𣡣


389 սޣ2
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ԭƵĻƲǹһڻΪڻ


390 սޣ3
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391 ˣ1
ƺҲ֤һ㣬ڷ֮󣬷ƾͱ۾оҶ˵ĹˣеעҶϡ
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ʱ򣬷Ȼ֣Ҳûйģ÷ɳһ״̬ҪʹǿһУ
ֻǣƺûлʹһУΪûлᷢΪһ飬ûȥʹá

߹һϵħɳߣţûûϵħ˿Ķ÷ɳʧ
ΪһħʦҪħһЧҪ˽ħıʣͿһЩ˾òܣ޷飡
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ƺܿˣԭΪ
Сģ
ȻҶûжۿȴڵģе˺ѣЩˣʣЩʥǵˣоǹҶ˵ˣ
ĹʿѾȥûʱ䣬Ҳûжʱ򣬹ʿҲûпǵǱأֻҶ˵İΣ
˹ʿ⣬ҲмȽ˼˳֡
ô˵ȫעҶ˵ϣΪҶ˵ţֻҶȴƺҵȻŹġ
»ĽһĽӽǷϵĶҲ˺ŸĿռ䣬ѾӰ쵽Ҷ˵ıϡ
ʱİ»ͻȻԼټʲô飬ʲôһʱ֮ûˣҲΪԴѾͿˣ
飡
һӰͻȻڰ»ߣһȭа»壬һȭɣ»ϣͳʹŤͬʱҲԼʲô顣
СߵǸС
ӰСҶ˺ױ˺Եıڣֵʱ򣬴ͻȻԭڡ
ʱ򣬷ҲҶΪʲôģԭΪСҲһСʵȻù֣˰»Ҷȫ㹻ġ
ʿҲﰵôˡ
Ů˭ʵҲǿ֪Сˣе棬Ҫ֪Сﵽ˭
ǷˣҶüùģᶼȥᡣ
ȿȡۡ
»һǿأ³һѪСһȭᡣ
ʱ»֣ԼҶ֮䣬Сﵲ⣬Ȼʮ˹ʿмŮ


392 ˣ2
ףý㣬ôҲڣҶЩķ֣Ҷ⼸Ůеһ
ڿǱõĹĺܺþûˡҶ˵֮΢΢һ죬Ҳ֪ںʲô
ιιСܣѵֻ磬ûп𣿡һŮе㲻˵ʵ
ŶҲڡ櫡ëҶ˶Ŷߵ˵ƺһҲ櫵ĳ֣òжڵĵطͻ櫡

ҪëûбĻ
ߣ櫺һʲôû˵ѾҶë⣬ǰëҲ׷ˡ
ˣǶʲôǱءҶʱûĵʵ
˳Ĭ
ǵ㣬ʲôʱôǿŮ̩𣿲ԣ̩ǻŮӡû˵
СҵıҶ˵Ǵʲô˵Сȷһ
˵С߳ԴװеֵؿѾصҶߵС
ûµģСȷĸα߹ʱѾҶҶ˵ıϣһͬĻзơ
òѾûа취ˣ
ôˣ𣿻ǸСƣǱߵģ֣Ҷָһߵİ»ʾӦõǱȥ
ڻʲôñȵģ䣬ӮҲùʣοҶС빫µȷǺǿƲ˵
ܿ죬ͻȻע⵽Ҷ˶ԼĳƺոսʲôСƣ𣬳åҪռұˣ
Сʲôռ˵ģСߣС壬С㣬СҶеģˣǱ߻һСڡҶָŰ»˭ô鷳Ҳϰ߽һ֣ǵǷںģӰҲʡ
С壬С㣿˭
Ҷ껹ҪҶָŰ»˵СڣûȤˣһܲҪˡ
ιʲô˼˭ˣ»е㲻ĵش󺰵
дˣô죿ʿͬڳеķУʱеҶˣ±Ҷ˷֡
Уôôģʲôطܿ㣡Ҷ֣̰ѷץ
µľͷεЦǺǣıҵȻҪʵ֤ûȻôǼĵĹ
Ҷ˵Ĺڳû˻񶨣üҪһΣһٴΡ
Сܣ㵽ʲô飬ʥô㣿е֣ϵʵ̫ˡ
ʥʲôĴڣȻ֪лģҲҪʥ̽ãһҶа
ôҲû뵽Ҷʥ̾ȻųĵλѾǽ򵥵ĲԱȵģͬʱôһ¡
ҲûʲôҶʵԼҲ㲻壬ֻ˵ΪǺˣ˵ﶼ𾴡

˳Ĭ֪Ҷ˾ˣͻ᲻òϣܳɣпܾһʵ
Ҷ˵ȷǵﶼܵչˣܵ˵أգȸ۹ʥǣҶңѪ飬ʥ̡
ΪС̫ˣܵŮľˡ˵Сӵȷ𾴵ĵط˻յ֪ʶ
ȻеԺȴԺ
Ӧɡ
ޣǺ˲Ź֣һжߵŮ˸ģʥ̵ģʥŮģ»ܲг˵ƺΪҶʥ֮еĵλʥŮ
еȹʿԴֻЦҶҪʥŮôʥŮģǲ˵ʵǣ̫ʥڲ顣
Ҷ߹ؿŰ»
ʥŮ˵ԯʲôˣҶеֵʵҲû˵ҪҶֻ˵Ҫҡ
⼸ԯһֱƶֵ飬˯ȥеҶ˵ĳ֣ҶҲڳ֡
ڴ֮ԯŪ˼£ԼҶ˵ġεϵǴڵģ˵Ļͻʧȥֻзֿһľſԣ˵оġ
УҪεϵȾ˯ȻҶ˯ſԣ˵Ҷ֮ǰ˯ˣ޷ϵ
оͺҶ˿Խξ޷Ҷ˵ξ
ԯ˵ЩҲνˣϵͺá
˰Ĺھ㣬˵ûУ»˵һƺˣԭ֮ǰ˵Ҷ˵õھǿŮˣָĻ顣


393 ˣ3
ҵ𣿡Ҷ˶ڹھ鱾ͺģΪԯԭ
ǣӣ㲻Ҫ˵ǲΪǹӣͻھ㣬ʥŮҲûȨ˵ľţȥԼѧԺʿǻ𰸣жҲжţţֻжѡ
֪ҺɯĹڶåݵҪֱΪżˣǱ˵סˣܵǰҪǩˣԣʵģ˵ʱ򣬷ƷˣеɯѧԺһʿѧԱ
»ĬҲ֪ɯһ֪ɯǺܸ߰ģһ˶ѣοǳݡ
дˣ˿ԹƫһԹӳˣҿǻǰʥǰɣʿڿ»е㷴ˣᷳĸо
»ʱˢһ£ͱòҰס
ʥˣһᱻżǴ½һϵʵʥȻûκεΧǵڽӰʵ̫ǿˣ鲼½ҡ
ţɣʥǣֻʥĵطеͷҲ취õġ
»ͱøˣ
ƾʲôңⲻƽҺҶ˵˽˶ԹֻҶˣǲƽģ»̿ȡԼȨ
ƾ͵Ϯӵ飬˭ΪСΪһ㣬ڳ˶ͬ⣬û˻ʥ̲ƽе˵
ʲô͵ϮǱһ֣Ҷʲô⣬Ҫ˵⣬⣬һڱ˳֡»ָҶߵСܿ϶СﲻǱϵġ
üϰСĴڣûһ㣬˵ĻȷǲϹء
СڡҶҪ˵ʲôȴҶֹˡ
»ǰɣ룬ȻҵȺɽ֮оֻΪ˰ܼңô˵ҲľˣҶ˿Ű»˵
ˣ˶ȵؿŰ»ôҲû뵽滹ôһϵĻ»Ҳ̫һ㡣
»ڴеƷ͸һ㣡
ðɣͲ˵ҵȥ˵ıףΪ˵һ˵İ£Ҳȥæ˵Ұ㱧˹飬Ҳɨ˵·óԸ֮󣬾ҲûҳһҲͰˣ֮ʲô˼
ʵҲҪԼŮǰֵĸһ㣬һ˶ֻ˵һ仰
ûԣı㣬Ժ˵ʶӣҲϣ
Ҷ˵һð»һһףЩƺ޷񶨵ʵ
ʱ򣬷Ʋſ϶ԭԼһֱҶˣҶ˲޳åһѣҲ֪ΪʲôҶ˵һŲɡ
ʱһ԰»ıӾ͸һ㣡
úãܵţҶҶ˵ļ޵
ϻұһүǣүǡҶ˺ǽ˵
ҶˣҼǵ˵үҲָЩһŮˡʱС˵
˵ˣҾһˣ˾ңҾǡޣʲô߰ģҶ¿ˮȻ׼ˡ
ҶˣҪˣͲҪŮ˵ĺ棬ĺұһΣҪ֪һΣ˭Ӯʱ򣬰»ǲݣΪѾ׼ƹˤҪҲҪҶһ
Ҫ֪һεĽҶûĻǽʲô
֪ʲôˣ˾ҪΪǶԼİˣҲһʲô˵ʲôʲô͸ȥʲôȻţͻİ˶㡭Ҷ˺ǲмؽս
ӡ
е˱ҪֹҶ˵ĻҶȥɣȻǺ˼Ҷ˶֣Ҳ˵һЩ
Ҷʥ̵ĵһνӴǵڶʿ棬һһȭȻߡ
Ҷ˾͵ģӦÿսģҲ˴֪Ҷֿսʿ
һ㣬Ҷ˵ıͿԵó𰸣Ҷһ㶼սǾͲվһ߲ȥֹ
СܣҪȥ𣿡Ҷ˲̫˽⣬Ҷ˵ӡǴںСʱǸʱҶ˶չ˵ġ


394 ܣ1
ûµĶ㣬𿴵ܵܺһϲģֻö֣ҪĴҲһӮҶ˵
Ҷˣ棬һ㣡ҶҶ˵ķԸô򵥡
֪ˣ淳ûµĶһعϯҪˣˣ׼ϣҶЩ޹ʿͬʱҲһ°»
ֻңⳡˣǾ䣡
ŶǾͼˣ˶ȥţҲʰһȥ֪ҵϰߡҶ˵
֪ˣʰˣҿɲ뱻꼰޹С̻صԭҶ˵Ҫʱʰ׼ȥ
С̶Ҷ˵˽⣬Сͱ꼰޹
ܵܣˣдˣ˼ǿķ󷨣ǿԽֽħġҶһٴеӡ
гĬһᣬСô𣿡
һҲţ㵽ʱˣ߹һ߷
ãȥ׼еͷ
Ƶ֮гɻ⵽ʲô
СƣһġҶҲѧҶ˽зƵƴһΣ֮ľҲ׽˺ܶ࣬˵ҪΪõѣеһ취Ǵܡ
νʶ֮󣬾ͻ˽ԷԸûа취εģ
ӷƵս񣬾˽ֱˬˣǴһεĻ˭ôǿ
ƽʱʱȻʲôȴһֱû
ãԺٱһΣǴҲƵͷֱӵ˵
һ𣬲ûлܡʱСҶˣа

Ҷ볡ʱиϳˡ
Сʲô˼»ָҶߵСҶ˵ߣû볡
ûʲô˼ʲô˼Ҷڻص⵱һ¡
Ҫս𣿡
бҪĻһῼǡҶ˻⣬СҶǿսҲʵһ֣޿ɺǵġ
ֻǣ飬ûж֪ڴһڿŮˣ
ܵܣСﱣǣԸҪСǲСʲôˡҶΪԼĵܸܵһ㣬ΪöԷķڷСҲ볡
ŶҶӦһ䣬С֮£Ҷ߱ǡ
ڿԣʼɣҶ˿Ű»˵
Կʼˣ»ŽںХš
ɣҶ˶Ű»ڳһ˵ƣţСԵеƣ˰ɣ
ó»ĬһᣬȻٴ˵
ڿֵҶˣôƺ˸ոԼ͹ô˵ҪҶóǴαʹõɫ˫ǹ
ŶҶӦȻ˼ҪԼóǾðɡ

»ҶóʱĬˣһڳ˶ĬˣҶˣǼҶ˵
ʲô»ʵ
ҶóֵĲ֮ǰõɫ˫ǹһڡ
ողҪ𣿡Ҷ˻ش
ϴβ»˵
ϴʲôţˣһ𣿡ҶûջڣŰ»׼ôһ¡
һϴǸϴõɫģģС࣡»Դ˺ܼ֣֪Ϊ˻ԭǺҶʹڡ
鷳ҶջشڣȻӽָͳֻʹùһεɫ˫ǹ
ʲôҶ˵ڴһʲô˫ǹǱʾȫ⡣
˦˦˫ǹҶֳ˫ǹ˵˰ɣ
ˡ»ͷ˵Եʱͷ֣ҶѾǹˡ
أ
أ
Ҷ˫ǹС͵˲»ǰ»ҺҲͨˣǿܹˡ
ڴںĿ̶ȵ֮ϣ󲨶˼£Ȼʧˣ
Ҷ˿ǹ֮󣬲Ĺ֪ˣԭǴħС
Ҳ̫˰ɣһͨˣҲӵлֵʵֻҪպûᡣ
ʱҶ˲ûͣˣǹ
ء
Ҷ˿ǹԽԽˬǱߵİ»ȴʹ࣬ڵãҲԹöȥֵȴ֣ԼĶᱻ򴩡
ҲȻģҲ˵Ҷ˵˫ǹĶǿʵܼ򵥣»ĶܴģҶ˵Ǽһ㣬ǹؼ
Һõǣ»Ƿϵߣһ£ϵٶȻģΪзļ١


395 ܣ2
»ڶܵͬʱҲĽӽҶˣȻҶҲֹǿԼŬӽ
ڰ»еڣ֪Ҷ˵˫ǹԶ̹ովӦýһ㣡
Ҫ𣿡Ҷ˿Ű»ֻԼ֮⣬Цʵ
⻹𣿲㣬ѵվôԶ
ʵ㿿ңֻԼԿһ㣬ΪԽ̣ԽѶܣҶЦ˵Ȼڼǹͬʱ˫ǹһģʽ

˫ǹٶȻӿ죬ոһһӵĻھһʮ
»һʹıܣϵǿܡ粽Լٶȴﵽ˼㣬˲㿪Ҷ˵˫ǹ
ʵܣΪʲôʹãֱͺˣȻҲԭģʹ粽ʱ޷ʹöΪ⼲粽֮ϡ
Ҳ˵»ʱ޷˵ġ
»ʹü粽֮󣬾ͺ׵Ķ㿪Ҷ˵ǹڿǰ׼ҶײɣԸлûЧԸҶӦÿԣ뷨
ܶùУҪټ٣
Ҷ˫ǹиٶȣǿٶȣͨһٱٶȡ

Ҷ˿ʱ˫ǹһģһΣ»òˣΪѾ˵Ƥˡ
˵һȫΧ֮󣬰»ֻжĶȻǰȫˣҲ޷ӽҶˡ
ڰ»ĵһ£ȥģԼĶܿͻĸɾ
»ȥײڷˣΪʲôҶҪ
Ҷ˵ַɨΪûǽкܶˣ꼰㣡
ҲˣΪʲôС̻ôɴʰˣҪѣΪ֪ڳϵĻһܵù
ߣұߣҶʱƺˣð»˫ǹ֮£ȥ
ϯҲԿ϶һ£ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҷǿµģ

ҶʱּͷˣǾ˫ǹһûˣ
Լе˫ǹҶ˵ôôûأǰúܾõģ
ϻٶȻܿûУ˭ģ
Ҷͣ˵ʱ򣬰»ڶţԻûͣһ֮ŷҶ˵״̬
û˰ɣãҪľ»̳Ҷˣ粽ûгѾļǣҪйԼ۵Ļ
Ű»ԼҶ˴ؿš
»ʱԽǽӽҶˣԽڴԽǸˣΪڿ֤ԼԼǿӮҶ˵ģҶʹ
Ҷˡ
ӡ
ڴʱ˶ڵҶˣҶ˻ᱻ»ˣûָʲôԼأ
ɶȻ˫ǹˣ
»ڿҶ˵ʱͻȻҶ˴͵ı˲΢Цһּıóѵ΢Ц
ʱ˶Ҷ˰˫ǹһ˦ץסǹܣȻץǹܣ˫ǹΪ̹ݺݵش򰮵»ġ
û취˭ǰ棬ĿҲ󣡣

ǹصشڰ»ϣԼļ粽ٶȣǳǱң
»ΪԼǰһᣬȻڵϣʱһҲѾˡ
ҶҲûᰮ»ֻþһԼɫ˫ǹȻװռָ
ûǺ

ڴʱ˿̣Ҳ֪ôԼе뷨ӦûȻое֣ϾҶʤˡ
ҾãӲӦȥսʺϡص˵
ãСܵĴ򷨺ְһֱ𣿡ʵ仰ҲǺܶҪġ
Ҷ˵սȫû·˸оս档
һ£ģҶͷ
Ӯˣһ¡»ƶҶ˾Ȼͬˡ
ҲԣһҾúˬҲҪ߹Ц˵˿ûԼ뷨
ţҲҪ򣡡С̵ͷ
ҡҲǡҶ翴棬ӻ
ʱ򣬼ŮҪᰮ»ΪǶȵᰮ»ԭȻǰ»Ҷ˵̬ȡ
壬Ů˾ѣãڳ˶ð»ǻãҶһ£ҲǸеܽ
ֻпɯû˵ȻϲŰ»Ҳǻο»Ϊ


396 ܣ3
»֪ɯ뷨᲻ڣԼ֮ǰ飬ʵӦ̹ףֻ˰æһ£Ҳʲô˵顣
֪ĻҲͲ顭
Ҷ˶ŴʤƵʱ򣬰»վȫڻŷϵħԪأħԪԽתԽ죬Ĵ
ţ»Ҷˡ
˵ʱʱЩʵһ˲ɵģҲΪҶ˵ʱģ»Ӧ˵ŷ磬Ѿֻк̵̺ܶܶľ롣
ŷǳӣǵϵһۼ˵Ҷ˱ŷеĻǾͿܻᱻķˣ
ܵܣСģ
Ҷˡ
Ҫ
Щ˲ĿҶ˱ķѵӣֻʱѾû˿ԮҶˣ
ֻƺˣҶҪԮ
Ҳɣ
΢õˣ֪ŷô£һֽУһһ㲻ʹõĽУĳȥʹá
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ҪҶ˵ԻҪϣҶ˵ٻħǾһӶ޷ħ
ʱ򣬶ڰ»࣬ҪҶʲôĻǶὫɶİ»ʬΣ
»ҪΪʲôҪɯʱ˺ѷεĴš
ΪʲôҪ
»ԼҲ˵һȻֻ֪һ̣Լеޱȵʧ䣬䣬ˣ
֮ǰѹĻһӾͱˣʹ˾ԲʹõĽУ
ϵҲԼ򵥵ü˵䲻һʱĳ嶯
ڣҶ˸ôĽУһ̲ܰ»ǳʲôԭҪĻǽǰΣ
ʱ򣬰»˵Ѿӽ켶ʵ
ô죿
ܼ򵥡
ˮ֮
Ҷ˫ڼٶֻܻһ󣬽һҶ˰ˮ֮ǰ»ŷ磬ֱӷ˻ȥ
ǿԷһзϵԪصˮ֮ҪȫģҪ֮ǰҶʩչЩˮ֮ҪһЩ
ˣˮ֮ľУȻûκιȴԷһеĹ
ҶڲֻΪʵ̫ûмˣҶ뿪֮󣬾ûлʹ
ۡ
»ϵķʧˣ˼Ѫ֮󣬿Ҷ˵˲ʣΪԼȻʹýжûа취ܡ
»ɯ˹Ű»š
ɯԲƭ㣬ֻ롭»ſɯ˵ţڿԼʱˡ
˵ˣף֪̫ɵˣΪʲôҪɯҡͷ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲǰ˰ɣ֮в࣬Ǻòײһ𡭡Ҳ㿴һ桭ȿȡ»˵
࣬Ҳǰ»һֱû˵ԭÿɯԼĲ㣬֮䱾̫Ĳ࣬ǲһһԡ
ʵϣԼ뷨ڵʵɯȫ⣡
ܶʱ򣬱ɵġ
ڣҿԷˣԺҪҸչģİչˡ»˵š
㲻Ҫ˵ˣֻϲһˣģ㲻µģҴȥҽʦʥǣǸԺҽɯ˵
ɯʱѾɯߣȻϲ»Ҳϲɯ
ǲˡҶʱ˵
ΪʲôΪʲôôģѾˣΪʲôȥҽǰԲ㣬ҪʲôҿԲ㣬ֻҪԻţֻҪܻţͿˡʱ򣬿ɯֻҶˣҶʥӰˡ
ҪٵҶˣҶԸð»õƣҲԸ⣬ǲԸƹҶ˵ˣ仹ǰ»ġ
û˵ȥңֻ˵ǲȥˣΪҾǿеǸԺҽҵġҶ˵˵ʱ򣬿׻ô¡
Ҫ𣿻Ǽȣ˭

»ˣԼҶ֮Ĳൽжõ𾴣ΪԼǿκεˣκε
ҪŮˣһЦ
ԼһֱǸЦ̫Цˡ
ԺҽԼΪʲôû뵽֮ǰǸԺӣϸԼҩ
Լħˣȫɱˣ


397 벻ȣ1
ҽ˾ȾɯҶ˵ǰ¹򣬿ͷ
þһеİ취֤Լĳ⣬ҪҶ֪ԸκεĴֻۣҪܾˡ
Ҷ˿Ѫİ»û˵ֻüͷе΢壬ʲôûС
Ʒƣڴ˿̣ɯڿҶûж֮󣬱е㲡Ͷҽ
ڴ˿еͷʹԼҶֲǺ죬Ҳûн飬м϶ŲСìܡ
ңʱ飬ǰ»Լҵģȣ
Ҷ𣿡߹˵˵Ļһ֮ģҲҶ˰æһ£ڵǰ»ںҶˣûдﵽĿķԼܺߡ
ڣѰ»սѾǺܿˣ
ܵܣˣȥҶҲ˵ոյ˵Ҷ˲ˮ֮˵ոԺһ£Ǻǲ롣
СҲͬҶ˵Ĺ۵㣬ץųĬеҶˣҡͷʾ䲻Ҫˡ
Ҷû˵ֻǿǱзɵİ»
ҶˣΪѣͲҪǿˡҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵˵ԼҲӦðſɯ˵ֻ֮󣬾ͱ
Сܣô˵ҲһܾȾ;һ°ɡü뷨ڴ濼ǣþ˻Ҷôһ˵ҲĲ̡
ţ;һ£ЩëҾͲ㻹ˡȻһ˫ɫĵȴܲûֶĺڰ
ЩëҾͲûҪˣٰʮҡҶ˫һ櫵ĳ
Ҫ̽˫𣬽һоҶֳҪԼëι
ûĻҶ˻櫵ëι⣬ëϵë
Ҷˣ㵽׾˻ǲȣҶʵ
ұڿǣҪҪôһ˵Ҳŷ֣ҪҵģΪʲôҪҶָŰ»˵

ѵڲŷ֮ǰ㾹Ȼֻˣˣʲôӡ
ȷǹӣ˵û˾εĻ»ڵȷǺֲܿ
Ҫ㣬ҪʲôҶԸ㣬ҸΪūΪ澣ҲԸ⣬ֻԾȾɯҶǰͷƴĿͷ죬жͷѪ֤԰»ĸ֮
Ҷ˴ʱҲóĬˣڿɯͿʼͬˡ
Ȼ˵»ǲֵͬģɯȴֵͬģǸееΪѡ
Һã²ҪϣҶ˻㶨Լһ߿ŰɣȲԣҲ޳ɣ
ˣѾһŮūˣҪˡҺĸ飬ںԥ˵ǺҵˡҶüԻ֮ԥš
ӣҪҪǰӸ˹ˣ˼ҶǿԸ㶨ġһ˵Ȼ»ǾȡΪʥ̵ĳԱǶһŹģȡ
ǣҪƲõˣ»㲻ǣֻҪѵҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷû˵һû˵Ҷ磬ý㣬˸òþȣ
Ҷû뵽Ҷ˻ͻȻԼһ£Ȼ˵Ҳ֪㲻ȣ˿ԾȣҲһģ
ðɣ˹ͷԿӦˣ͵һѵҶ˵ͷ˵»Ӹá
ꡭ
Ҷ˵˲䣬룬밮»ڣΪ˷ֹ»ƷΪȶơ
ֻǣڳȴһЩ˲֪ΪҶҪӺ»Ӧ˵Ҫһ°»ԷйеЩŭ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ㷢йһҲûģС룬Ҳۼ£Ҳʲô⡣
ʱ򣬿ɯֻҧҧҶ˵е⣬ҲûбԼĺ⣬ܿͽأΪ֪»Ҷ˵
֪ȻûҶ⼸£»ܿ;һغ
򵥵˵Ҷ˻Ǿ˰»ֻõķʽǱ˿ģ˵ǣ²һľǣֺá
һ£ɹҧĽţʱ򣬰»ҲӦˣӦûϧڵҸȥʲô
һ㣬ҶҲᶯ־ˡ
õģȥ˹˺ѾԺˣ뻹еԶü˵Ժÿɽµ漣


398 벻ȣ2
ʲô㱾Ҫȥ˹ͷҶףôġҶ˺ػص΢һ·С
ϵһȺʿĬˣ͵͵ؿŷУЦûзµԼ˾
ҡˣ˵壬ˣеƵĴŰ»뿨ɯ뿪
ԭҶ˻ҪչһµҽھͲҪˣҲΪ˸Ͳ֪Ҷ˾Ǵ˵еԺҽ
֮ǰҶ˵ĻĲǺʱ򣬳ϵķϵΪ»ĽʧȥãϵĻңùϯ˸޷ϵ˵ʲô
ɺϣҲ⣡
㣬Сߣţý㣬ĵȵȡҶ˱Ҫÿ˴кƺûˣǺõġȵȡˡ
ȵȵȣڵȵʲô˼˻ûжΪҶ˵Ķ㣬ʹˡ
̫ˣһй̫鷳ˡҶ˽͵ûзڡ
ԣʵĲֻΪʲôڵȵȵʲô˼

ˣҪȥƶˣټҶҲģ˵׼ˡ
ƶ
һҲȥĵطҶ˾ͺȥһʱȥúܶ˵ﶼе졣
£Ҷ̺
ʲôҶվס˽Ųʵ
Ҷüʵǲԯȥƶģ
ҶҪȥƶȸҶ˵Ժ֮еģ뷨ԯҪҶˣŻȥ
ҶҡҡͷشûУֻȥƶĲ飬ԯ˵ȫ½ȫ鼮֪ʶѧġ
˵׻ΪҲûжٷֱ𣬲ҲôСˣסһ֮ҲûжٻһˣҶ꿴Ҷˣ΢Ц˵ᡣ
ĻΪǲģ
ͬʱҲͬԯΪʥŮݣԼҶ⣬ͺл
Ҷ˻ǲٻʥǣ
ԯʥŮ֮ǰǲ뿪ʥǣ
ԯ˭ΪʲôСȥƶͺȥһĲ鶼Сܣ˵ʵ㵽ǲʥ̵ĸ߼ԱԽԽԺҪЩ⡣
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪һе̫ˣòȥһ¡
ʱ򣬱ϵĺܶҲеһЩ⣬ҲһҪһ£Ȼ˵֮ҲһЩ֪𰸵ġ
ǣҲʥ̵ĳԱУȥƶʲôѵģǵط̶ֲѨҶ˵ûʱˣһҪץʱ俴꣬ԯЩ鶼û
˵Ļ֮Ҷ˾СˣٶȺܿܿ죬˾ķ֣ԭܲҲǿٶȡ
С쵰ҶҡҡͷˣɢˣԻȥϢ컹µս
õġ
ȻоҶ˵Ϊе֣ƺе˽⣬ҲͲˡ
ڴҶ׼˵ʱҶֳ˻

Ҷˣʲô飿߹˵ţҶֻ飬пܻȻĻǾԲܻ˵ټġ
ţţͺҹҶ˵ͷתС̡
㻹ǵðһΪǱ߳ԡСóһʳУݸҶˣʳĻƾͿԿóͨʳУһЧ𹤾ߡ
С̸ԼҶ׼ģ±ʵʳС
ڣһԱ˵ˣҶ˽ӹʳУȻһˡ

С̿Ҷʧĵطǳڣ¶һ˿΢Цһܰ΢Ц
ɵЦˣ֪ϲ㡭ʳҶŴվŵС˵
ֻҪ͹ˣҪϲҲ鷳ҿɲϲıС΢΢е죬˵
֪֪ˣ㲻ýˡҶ߹ͬʱ˵֮ȴһĿȻ֮⡣
С̶Դ˵ķӦǳĬȥʲôȷûжҶʲôرŮ֮飬٣Լûоá
ҶˣֱѸһģԣֽ֪
ҶˣûеĪǵָоñҶĪҪ˧ܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬ʺ˵ѡ
ʱͻĪҶˣҶ˺ǲˬͻһ߷Ц
ȴϲҶһΪҶȴҪĪǶܶƣҪľ׽УҶ˵ߣúܷɡ
ͬʱҲܿģ֣
뵽һ㣬С̾ͻԼҶ˵Ĺϵԭ˵أֻҪľͺã
ĹǣǼڿҶ˵Ĳһ
ŸԵ飬Ҳ͸һ䡣



399 벻ȣ3
ƶһһܿķ䣬ķ֮Уֻļˣƶĺܶط֮
ƶʹһٵط󣬶ٱȻʹһ㣬˶һ㣬ҲһǷڶ࣬ȴԶԶ
֮еļˣҶ˶һ֮ԵţǼһģиһҶҹģǲ˵ʥ̵ʥŮˡԯ
ڴʱԯһЩ飬ȻʥŮûж飬ŶʮһĻۣҲһСĿæһӡ
һľǼ̣ҲǱڳģЩҪǵģ
˵ˣҲǱȽϲԯһΪǱȽ۰ԼųģͺԼŮһʥŮ
⼸ʥŮҲѾ֪飬֪ԼʮһԪס
ͬʱҲ֪ԪҲѾƲˣ
£ڵϵǸϵڣѾˣ
һ㣬źܶ˶ףϵĴڣΪһʧ㷸ٴĴҲãҲһڣ
ǣ˿ԽϵĨȴû˿٣ʥ֮ڣǽ̻Ҳ
Ѿû˸ҶʥŮˣΪڵʥŮڽ֮еѾʼֱ֧ʼߡ
ǰĻԻһʥŮƽϢ飬ھͲһˣǻһʥŮͿԽģ
ô˵ҲȥˣԯһӶһƵ飬ʥϵ֮һΰȻҲܻһ֮
ڽϵĶܻڼǧ꣬ãܻһʼʹڣ󶼲
˴飬ҲæµʱͻȻԯ̧ͷһᣬȻǰ档

ڳһ֮󣬾̴ʵСʲô飿
ҶˣҪȥȻֲ֪ǳʲôԯϲԶ˽ÿһֵ·Զһ㡣
ǹ֮ĵӵߣٶȾȻô졭
ǸСҲôİɣȵȡô֪ҶС˵ģո֪ͨ𣿡ƺŷ⡣
ոԯһֱ£Ƕһ˵ϢĻҲӦûͬʱ֪
Ҷԯ֮ϵʱֻ뼸ҽʦ֪Щ˶ʶûжκ˵𣬰ǰļ̣˽̻⡣
ҽʦΪ˱ҶˣΪ˱ʥŮô˵ĿĶͬģ
ʵ˵ˣҲһòܣΪ̫ˣΪ飬ʵ̫˼ˣ
ҶԯĹϵôУѾ˾úܲ˼ˣôȥĽͣ
¶֪ˣҲ͸ֻ֪ҪһķΧͻ̸оԷĴڣ£Ҳһе
˵˵Ŀ಻ţǶǲںģֺαȥ֤ʲô
СߡԯҡͷҶ˺ʱԼܹӣȻҶ˲֪ܵʲôط
ǸʱҶòŽ̻ʵķߣҲܹҲԭģԭҲΪԯ
㲻ǱףոҾǱߵİ
ԯش⣬˵ԼΪóٶܵ
ҺãҶҲֲƽϵˣܿͷ⣬ԯ˵ȥͼңûпЩ
áԯͷһ㣬ҲͲµˡ
ΪʲôҶȥԯûпģ˵Լûпģʵɺܼ򵥣ֻҪԯ飬Ϳиֳ鿴
ҲΪϣԯ飬ҲѾ
ʵϣûԯȶҶҲڼｫͼȫסȻ˵ûжģȤġ
Ȼ˵ͼȫģյĻʼѧԺͼݣӵеĲҲģ󲿷һģеСǽӵУֱӵжԷûеġ
ҶڿľһС֡һⲿֵһȤģĿĿĶ죬ʱҲ㹻ˡ
ͼңҶڽʱ򣬵һоǸߣûǸߣ
Ȼ˵ͼҵĲܶ࣬ͼҵȴͼ˵ȷ
Ȼȴܸߣһķ䶼ߣ⻹Ǹһ㡭
ͼңһԲεķ䣬ǽʲôɫҶ˲֪Ϊǽȫ鼮֮ÿһ顣
˵ļһ㣬ͼҾһԲ͵ܣ鼮


400 ɣ1
ͼм䣬һ˿κθߴͼƶ˲òߴ鼮
ҶǲҪ˽̣ܿŪˣҲԯ뵽ģԣҲûȥҶˡ
ˣٿ˯ȥɡ
ҹҹѾеˣҶͼ֮УѾʱ䡭
ڴʱԯȻܲ˯Ѿ˯˺ܾˣҶߣһǲȥ˯ҲҪҶ˵忼ǣҹ
Ŷôˣľ죬żҶ˺飬鼮ʱԼĿռָ׼ȥʱʱҲһ߿š
ҲǳǣҶ˾˳һҪ鶼˹Žָ֮С
ܽĶ飬ƣΪЩ˶ܻ˽κһ顣
ҶҲһߵĲԯҲһֹҶ˲˽̣Ҷ˵Ըֻǻ

ʥŮˣҪҪǸӰһ䣬ǡŮʿҶ˱ԯϽʥŮĹ뷿Ҷȴһֱ顣
ˣ鷳ֲûһ˯԰ɣСԯҡҡ֣Ҷ˵Ҷ˺
šҶ˵ͷԴû

ֻܶԴ˱ˣֹֹС㣬ŮʿĬĬ˵

ڶ죬ҶվڱĳأŶ֣е㾪ȣһεĶ⣬ĶֻҪ졣
㣬櫣ʲôҶڿ˳ֵʱ򣬺ʵҼ𣿡
Ѿȥһ߿ˣ櫵ĳ֣΢һ¡
ûڱ죬ǵĶ־ˣЦ˵
治Ǽȥ飡Ҷڴһ֮󣬱һһߡ
Сܣ㲻ұһ𣿡ʵ
ҪˣУҲͣҶڴʱѾԼų棬Ķս˭ʣҶģһ˶֪Լ
һ߿ţԶȻһҪ㡭ȻΪҶˣҲһССҪΪܲҶڿϷһ
˵ϷνԼģ;еˣ
ŶȥȲ迴飬ԶҶ˵ͷӦˣֻǣشȴ˺
ȲҲУ˵ȲͳԶǲһСԺ
ҿڿô찡Ҷ˴ʵ
ǾһᣬߺȿˮҪȲ裡˵
Ҷ룬صŶ֪ˣ
Ǹһȥ㲻һߵ𣿡ʱ򣬶Ķл˵ˣıҶ˾棬ҲһӰս
Ҳǣ櫣㵽һ߿ԸһҲ㹻ˡ룬һߵ˵櫹ȥӦʵѡϾˡ
ֻǣȴҡҡͷ˵ҲȥһһᣬҵëͶһΣա
ҲһʵҶһĻҶһë˭֪顣
ˣСܺзִģûͬ⣬ǲֵġЦ˵Ȼ˵ӴҶ˵ʱ䲻࣬Ҳ֪һԸ
ҶʶʼҶ˵õëǾͬģȻ˵櫲һ㣬ȴһɷϵʵ
˵˵ˣȥĻͻᱻסߵ飡
ʱҶֻ櫵ëͲߵսˣҶǵս㵽Ϊֹ
ðɣ櫾һ˼ս֮ǴӦ׼ӲͷƤȥҶˣֻǣҶ˾Ȼܻˡ
ٺ٣ȵȣˣҲҪҶЦ˵Цݺܵ˭ԿóĿĵġ
ܵܣҪʲôҶһʵ
ԸЩˣˣǲ̫۸ˡҶ˺ŵԼĲĿġ
ɵȷǹŵģ˵Ļǰ㻹һ߿ϷÿһζԶ壬Ҳǵһˣô
ȥȥ˭֪Ŀģ˵㵽ҪʲôҶû˵
ҶҡҡͷǼ˵˵˵˾ͲˣսҾˡ
櫣
ң
˿櫣ָԼеԻΪʲôҶ˻Լ
㵽Ҫʲô
˵ҰԸһǶԸĸСһ㣬㿴򵥣ǸðСҪǿܶࡣҶ˿櫣Щ˵


401 ɣ2

ȻҶ⣬ȴʵԾ˲٣ΪûҶǰչֹʵΪʲô׵ķأ
ѵ˵űԼߵʵֻгԼܶˣſ׵ķ¡
ˣƺѾ켶֮УҶ˵ͣôأԵģҲѿԴﵽ̶ȣؼǿ
˵ˣ֮⣬ûʲô
㻹֪Ҷ˵ħסʱ似ǿᵽֲĳ̶ȣȻֻڽħ£ƽʱĻ似񲢲ʲô
Ҳ֤һ㣬Ҷ似ģ
֪һ㣬ҲΪҶѾﵽ켶ֻһ֪Ҷ˻һصĽ似·á
СܣôһӰСǿأ˫֮гɻҲһӵеɻ
ֱҶӳһĿɿڴĴ𰸣Ȼ˾ܳҶ˵ϵ֪ġ
ԭôСߣҪһսҪˡҶ߹һ߽ͷӶս
˵ҪȷƻҪǿĻ˾ͺʤˣҲһˣ϶ǵһѧԺľӢ
һѧԺȻǵһѧԺ˸żĴڣ
˳˵һ£ЩѶŮӣ˵меĻҲһˣ˳˵һ£ЩŮӸǺƯģݲ򵥣Ҳ򵥣ڶ׷֮Ů
ȻˣҶûκεĹϵΪͷβûעŮӣͿһ۶㣬ȻͶˣ׼ȷ˵ϵĺ֮
Ҳһ£櫣ͺСһ£עһ㣡Ըһ䣬ҲͶȥˡ
ı֮УҶҶ߹֮ϣּƥеĬҪǿ
֪ˣҲ˵ģȻܿɶ񣡡櫵ͷҶ˵ǰ
ǵһȥɣǣҶ˿櫣ȻһȥԼս˽֡
ţҲƶ
ʼ
ڵһ֮Ҷ˾ͺһ俪ʼͬʱͺֱӵӳһը
һǱڶըǱҶ˵һ׵Ķ־ˡ
ƶٶȺܿ죬һɫӰӣ񲢲ǲӰһּܣڳ˺ټûмûġ
ڰħӰΣ
ǺڰϵħƶħλһطٵƶȥȻûطһľơ
ڰħʥ̵ĳԱüͷƺħе㿹е
ҲǺ뵽飬ʥ̳ԱǷŹһԺڰȻе⣬ǰʱڰħܶ඼Ѿʥ̻ٵӵкڰ츳ˣҲᱻʥ̻
ѾöˣʥȻų⣬Ҳȥ
ͬʱΪһħڰħҲûκεĴһЩħŲһЧһֱͱʹš
ɱ֣ѪһҲǻһЩڰϵ似ΰɱľѼܡ
ԣʥȻٵ˺ܶڰħҲΪЩ˵һֱʹãԲûнڰħĨ˲ٵĺڰϵ似ħ
ӰΣһֺܳõĺڰϵܣħʦ߶ʹãֻ߳ƺͬ
ڰϵļܣһǺڰԵãҲһʹãⲢʲô
櫲ͬԾǺڰϵģ츳ҪȱǿϺܶ࣬ΪĳԵʡ
ͬʱ櫾Ƿǰʥ̾ɨڰҲҰô
Ⲣ櫵ݺܸ߹ʥ̼ɵΪ壬һ壬壬Ϊڽ̣޷Ƶ
ʥҪ˿սǼǲܵģʥ̣Ҳ޷ΪУѰ·
˵弸൱ģ壬ڶԸеʱǺŽģͲһˣе˿ܻΪӶᵹ顣
ʵС壬ʥҲһȥܣÿͬݵҲһвһЩڰġ
ȻҲΪⷢͻھһЩ֮ʥҲͲִˣ
Щʲôʥ̵һܣֻ֪иڰϵ˸ıʥ̡
ô˵櫾ôúڰħʥҲô
ף櫣ǺڰԵ𣿡Ҷͣס˶˳һ¡


402 ɣ3
ȻģȻôôһԺɫĳ򡣡˵ѧԺҲΪûôĺڰħףҺ˵Щʲôѵѵ㣬֪ҵ
ڰ٣
һ˦֣ؾͿʼúڰֲָĺڰȻҶΧأΧģûǸ
˭ѵƹˣҶʱ򣬵һӦǺǾ仰

˳ĬүǺڰħǹصƣĸûƣ
ڻ
һСħ˹ȥںڰ֮е˲һĿħĺڰ֮Ҳһ

櫿ԼĺڻãȻҶˣһҽУȻ˵ϣȻһҲ
ҲûջһƬڰħҶ˵ߣȥҶ˵ɲҶΪˣĻһ˵ˣԼҲ롣
ҶкøУҲһ˻ΪԼˣҲΪһСͰ˴ˡ
櫸鿴ʱͻȻе㲻ԾȻһˡ
ǸʱҶͻȻ˶櫾һץץķҲе֡
ô˵ҶץˣΪ櫵ľͬʱҲΪ櫵˱ܷ⣬ļ֮⡣

Ҷ˿櫣ŴͣһԾģڴʱڰҲѾɢȥҶ˵ĳԾҲ˴ҵС
ڴм鲻ס
ȣո淢ʲô飬ֻһסȻҶ˵Ĳҽ֮櫾ͷɳ򣬻Ӷ˫ͣڰ֮С
Ҫ˵Ҷ˷ҽ£ôҶܱ櫻ˣʵϵҿҶ˵ʱȴ˵վ
ͬʱҶʱһ˲⣬ͺ۾Ȼ½۾ⶫҲڣҲΪʲôҶڻѵ۾Ҳǽ
ƺ˵ͨǵĻǰӦôţû۾
У۾ɫģɫģǺڰ֮Уô۾ǲԼӿ
ʱ򣬴һûʳ⣬Ҷ˾ѾȿʵԷɵ𣿡

Ҫģĳɲǰ裬ǿԷɵġ
Ǳ߻ûпʼҶˣҡͷȥһҶˣôôԺ㲻춼˵ĳ
ҿԷɣΪҵĳʲôû˵
ϣҶ˺ܸɴػش櫵ĳǺ֮ʲôǡ

Ȼ櫵ĳǲϣ֮Զô飬ҲΪһ㣬壬櫸ƯģҲһᱻӵ
⣬Ҿʲô𣿡еʵҶѾû˵ˣҲ֪Ҷ˵ĴҲһе
櫡Ҷʱشãû˵ЩĴ𰸡
Ǽ֮ǰʣ۾ô£ȭͷ۾ԲͨģȻҶҲսмϡ
ȻҪսǾҪ˽ԷװȻĻսԾͿܻʧܡ
ʵ֤ʵþȷģ˫۾ĴڣһЩħȫʧЧˣòıսʽ
˵۾һ˫ӵо󣬼һЩϡеĲɵСߣܾǿԿһЩħооħԪظй⡭Ҷ˿ʼ˵Լ۾ĹܣֻЩе壬ûеģ
ͣܵܣֱ˵ʲôҶһźͷۣܸɴ˵仰õ˴˵֧֡
򵥵˵Կڰ֮е壬ҲԸǽһЩ顣Ҷ˻ش

ܸô˵أƽʱûʲôãʱôʹˣ
ֻһ˵񲻻ȥоҲĶô뵽
ʵҲһɺϣӦѪģѪְҵ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵ڰĺĻħ˵ûõģ֮ǰװ櫸Ҷ˵š
㿴Ҷ˾
ϻ˭ˣȻҲͲˣ櫽ħƣҪǿħҶ˺䵹
£Ҷ˾ִ󺰵
㻹ʲô飿櫻ͣʩչħҶеɻʵ
Ҷָ櫵ĳ˵ڿ̫ƽˣܲ򣬲Ҳܷɣ


403 ħ1
ʲôƽģħʦкܶ඼ԷɣҲҵƣҷ˲Ǻܱ𣿡ȴֱӵؾܾ飬ɲ汻Ҷը
ô˵֮УҪȵ氲ȫһ㣡
ȻǾͱþˣҶ˺ߺߵŴӽָ֮óһͲڼϣ׼櫡
ڿҲãĿ͸ˣץҲǵһˡ

ץ㵱ʲô
ڿҶó֮󣬱½ħڰħԪؾͳԣ˰Χ档
׹䣡
ڿƾճֺɫëһ
ԽԽ࡭
һ˲飬֮оͳֺѹѹĺɫëЩëǺڰħԪأġ
ëҶ˿еë룬Ҫô඼Ǻ֮Ǿͷˡ

ʼ׹䣬Ҷô㶼㲻ȥһ˲Χеѡ
ҶҪ𣿵ȻǲҪģ
ˮ֮
һԵķ󣬽ħ𶼷˻ȥ
󣬳ҶڵλãĵطÿӿݣףħУǺʲôġ
˵ʲôҲûˣΪҶˮ֮һеħûõģԶ̵ûЧġ
ҪҶˣͱ֮ǵǻܻǱܣҪооˡ
ȻҲһ취ǾԾƵˮֻ֮ǣһģҲҪ켶ϣֻʵʵİ취
ӰΣ
ͨһ㣬ʹħҶˣĽսħҲǺܲģԼǿɷŵҶˡ
櫵ħγһӰӣԼٶȿҶˣ
ƺΪ˷ֹҶϮصؽӰӱһлȵԣҪƵҶ˵ĺ档
Ҳħ֮ƴʶγԼҪĹ켣Ȼˣ켣ԽʱĻҲԽһ£ʹ̵ֱ֮߾롣
ֻǣҶ˾ץĹ켣𣿴ˣںܿԼ뷨ǴģҶ˸ͨ˵ķʽ㡣
ǸʱҶ˶Ź켣֮еһ㣬һڣһں񲢲ħһŴ
Ǹʱ򣬼ûΪҶһڿԳɹΪĿǰΪֹû˿ӰħʩŵʱץסˣǿĸҲһ
ʱٶȶҲ
ȴ˵֮⡭

һȵĽкӰͻȻͣܿͻһ㣬Ǿڵĵط
˶ؿŵϣǱס˵櫣Ȼץסˣ
㣬ôܣôץңе㲻ŵţ㱻סˣǾⲻġ
ʲôѵģֻҪĹ켣ȣټһٶȣȻʲôʱ򵽴ʲô㣬ټҵʱ䣬ˣҶ櫣ܲؽ͵
櫳ĬˣҶ˵Ļ˵⣬мҪٵļһ˲
櫾ԼҲ½֮ϣû˿
ˣѾˣɣҶ֮ǰЦ˵ʱ񲢲ǿ櫵ǿĵط
櫶Դе㲻⣬ʱҲûж룬˵Ϳסڽӽңڵʱ򣡣ڻ𡭡ף
ҪħҶˣȻסˣħӦûǿԼãһԻнߵҶˡ
ϵ뷨֮ͨ£˵ôĻȷ
ʩչħ֮󣬾Ϳ϶һ£ǾͨΪȻʩչħħ񱻽һ
ˣǽħģ͹ԹԵ䣬ȻҾͰëǹ⣡Ҷ櫵ĳ
ã䣡ҵëˣɲҶôõĽڰԼë
֮櫸Ƿ߿ķ֣Լûӹħצ
ǺãǾ͵Ǳ߿ϷˡҶ˵ջٶȺܿ죬һ˲飬û˿ԿʲôģϻʲôƷ
쵰㻹ǰҵëŭ
櫵ķŭ˸ееͷԣҶ˸ոպʲôûͷβûĳôô˵
ôֵģѾôˣҶ櫺ԶԶ·櫻ᱨԼʲôġ
ܸоëҲ֪ʲôʱߵģո㾹ȻְҾŸëڷŭͬʱҲеԻ󲻽⣬ҲҶôԼë
ãҼǵҺԯԼһȲ裬ˣҶ˿գոʲô¶ûзһ


404 ħ2
վס
ŭʱһĻֹһˣҶ߹жˣǶҶ˾ˡ
ﰡҶͣҶ߹Ļǻġ
һã߻ûпʼû뵽߻ûпʼǱ߾ѾˣҶе˵е档
Ҷˣ㵽ʲôʱҵë櫷ɵҶ˵ߣѾҶ˵͸ĵĴ㡣
ûаΰҶҡͷһ㡣
㻹Ϲ˵ҵĸоģԼëиоģ櫷Ҷ˵ıϣһֱûأڰ֮С
櫣һ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ȻߵҶˣ
ҶֻҪܿ櫣һӣʲôʵ̫ױ˿
˵׷š
ʵ֮ǰץͷģһС֪һëֻһѣҲǹģԭ򡣡Ҷ˽ϣһ⡣
ͷҾ֪ûģҪսʱ򣬽ҵë䣬Ȼ˵԰ɣ̽Եʵ
ô֪ġҶ˴ʵѾ֮ǰ뷨

ȻҾ;Ŀģԭǳ櫵ë櫡
ң
⣬Ҽģ
Ҳҵģ컹ң
ûʲôʱ򿴵Ҽˣ

Ҷ˿ʼˣˣͺܸɴķԼùû˿Կû֤ݣͿ޼ɵˣ
һ
壡Ҷ˵⻰ʱ򣬱ú࣬ͺôһһ

ֻϵùʵûа취ȥ˵ҶˣģԺԲҶһ
СߣǿʼҶûҶߣʼҪ飬Ծ
ҶһԾҲһο֣СûлῴֹΪһҲΪҲûлǰ֡
ħ裡
Ҷ߹֣ͬʱ
ǰ֮УӵɫĻ滹ǳɫıĻ鲼طŸָ̬
ħһᣬȻ̽һˮܣ󺰵Сģǡ

䣡
ŮӱĻɳȥǸոҲһŷƺûħô
ֳֻһŮҴ
Ҳû뵽Ľ˭û뵽һֵʱ򣬾ͱˢˣ˻Ǹ֡
ʵ˵βǱĻҲ˵Ϊ֮󣬻ܼսսӰ첢
ֻǱǾֻܳˣֻصĵطڹϯ֮ϣ
ҲҶ߹õ飬Ҫ˶أĻҲʤˣרԱսԡ
Щ˿˵ǽƻҲ˵Ӧ䣬ñͨ
û뵽ǾȻħҪˣü˵
ħħһϵ˸ʹħϳһħһ־ǽϵ˵ħںϣһȫͬħ
ǰ߲Ǻѣ߾ͺѺѣҵĬ޼ˣȻĻʹúħͺ׻ᱻɡ
½֮ϣʹúħˣˣҶ˱ìʵģǾ޽С
һһԶڶǵܸܵǵġҶЦЦ˵
˵ħҶǷֲģҲ֪Ļģָ˵ĺ
ȻǻħҲǻ䣡ͬ΢ЦˮԻƶϣͺһ˿һΧ档
ԭˮԵġҶƺһ֪£ҶȻû֣Ҳ֪ˮԵģǼ̳Ҷġ
Ҷ֪ǵĴ̳Ǹ׵Ļˮ˫ԣֻǵĴȽƫʹûϵħΪƻȽǿ
˫ԵˣһʹԵħϾһ˵ľ޵ģרһϵͬʱָǿһ㡣
ֻҶ̳ıԣ
ˮһɫ
һħ֮оͳһˣûǾǾˣƾճֵľˣ
˳ǱأЩȫû
ʱ򣬴ҲŷһֵԭǰɫĻ沢Ǹ£ǸߺˮһӴǣϱɱ
֮һЩɫıһµĴڣӴˮ֮󣬾ͰЩˮ


405 ʤ1
Ҷ߹ĺħǿԸıʣҲԸıص㡭
һ㣬ѾϵŻˮûЩ˳ˮȥˢҶˡ
֮
Ҷڳˮ鷳֮󣬱ڿһ޴ı֮һŮӣǵ֪֮УŮӦûȶȻȳ
ߣ
ŮӺһһʧҶ˵ǰӦ˵˵ǰʧˡ
ݣ
ոҶ߹еϵħԪصĲǶͬʱ뵽һַϵ似֮и߼ļܣֻдﵽһʵſʩչļܡ
ŮȻȶһ㣬˶٣ڸʵϣѹҶˡ
ԭ
߹Ҷֿһ˲䣬ʩչһħضʼȼ

ڷ֮еŮΪӰ죬̾ԳΣȥĻҲûκε壬ͣ
ͣ˵˲䣬߹ҶֺһһʩչһħǸŮӡ

ü߹ҶϱԼĻҪ˾Ȼںֿ֮ôĽС
ڣҲȵʱʩչħҶˡ
һ̣սƺոտʼ
˫սʼԽԽʣȥ˵вټϺħǵϣҶҲǿӦ߳ԼʵܶĶ顣
սԽǼȥҶԽԽ·磬ѹú
ʱһȥ˫ĵҲԽԽ࣬˽ƣĵزʱҶ˾ȻץһᣬǸŮ޳ˡ
ʣ¾ֻжˣʱѾռˣƻڶ
󣬶һħ˻ڵأǿĻʤ
һԣڳܶ˶񫣬û뵽һ֮УȻĺ֮㣬½Щ
Ҷ˵ĺħǶǿ˼̣

һе̾ԼǱǴ˺ü꣬ҪڼǶԾĻǹʤ㲢Ǻܴ
Һãһûжˡ

ҵʱ򣬱һײˣصˤ˵ϣеѵ޷վ
û°ɣҲǹģ
ײҶˣҪȥҶ߹ָܲɵģֱϣܲɵؾͰײˡ
ԵϢһ¡Ҷ˽һҩĿУȻҶ߹ڣҪǳԵָҩ衣
ʱĬһᣬȻ˾Ļ
Ҷ飬ʤ
ĽȻɵҶˣҶһȴվţǾҶС̣ɵǣҶ˽ײˣֳʱûȻҶʤˡ
Ǵ۾
˵컹Ҫ㣬ôô֧һ²ᰡҶȷ֮̾ͺ
㻹˵Ϊֻ겻ңֱӰײҲѧҶһһҶ˵ĴԴ


ֹȥһ죬ҶһγڻıϣһûⷢͿ鵽
һεĶֺܼ򵥣Ҷ˺ܿͽˣ
֪֮ھҶҲһ߿飬Ҷ˽ֻܻ˹ھ
һλ֮У֮ĸֻ֣ж飬оǷƣ˵ĸģ׽
󣬰佱ʱһС⣬ȻԯԳΪҶ˼˰䷢ƣȻǳҶ˶ģڰ佱֮Ҷ뿪ˡ
Ҷ߹ûΪϢˣǵıУڸ˵ı֮УѧԺı
㣬櫵ҲһһбıǶ̭˶֣һ֡
֮ڰǿ֮Уһһ𣬵Ȼħʦħʦ
ڹǿʱҶѧԺͻҶȡھ֮Ҷ磬ħҶ߹ϯλ
ҶҲˣû̫ǿĶ֣ڰǿ֮УһεĶ֣ҲǺǿһߣȴ˺ǿĶ֡
ôҲǿһҶûܽȥˣƻ˵һѧԺһˣ
Ȼˣ෴ǿֻǷֲ̫ˣǿҲһ̭
ھ֮УŵһѧԺѧԺһλһһβǿˣһͨꡣ


406 ʤ2
ȻͨʵȴͨܵģԲ˿˵ģ٣ҲǻҶģȻ˵ͨ״̬Ҷ磬Ҳһ˿Ӧġ
ҶֵڶԸǹȺŮ֮ǿķƣҲһᱻܡ
ԸĳǺãģҲͲָ
ҶĳɼҲˣѾܸҶѧԺӷˣֻһ㣬Ѿ㹻ˣ
ڷƵľǸʱ׼ʱͻȻ֣ԼĺѣҶ꼸˾ȻҲæͣе⣬Ҳܿġ
ֻеźǣɯûг֣밮»һ뿪ʥǣΪ»̤ʥڳǣҲܽʥǣҲ͸ɴ뿪ˣ
˵»ѾָĲ࣬Ҳ΢޸һ㣬Ȼûǰ˧Ҳôֲ
»ĶˣĶѾˣԶ޷ҲǴҶܲµĽ
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ڴһ֮󣬾ʵҲˣ
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Ŷˣ㻹֪СƾǾһѡ֡Ҷ͵Ҷһ֪顣
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Ů˵˭أҶ˵ĳƺ֮󣬾ȭͷŭĿӡ
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飬ƵȻ֪ģҲ֪˭ʼеģ˵Ľ̫ˣȻͱ˻Ů
㲻˵û˵ưͣߣƺǲˬ˵Ȼ볡УҪйһ¡
ƵĶ־͵ùˣ˷ƵķйĶ󣬻ƽһλ𱬵ǳضǻҲȡʤ٣ôһԭ
ȡʤҲףͨ꣬ʵ̫ͨˣΪֵĻεĹھˡ
İ佱˶ףΪʲôҶ˻ȥ佱ļαӦѧԺģʥ̵ĳԱ
ѵ˵ʥҪ֪ʥ̵ˣô½˲Ҫȥ
ЩҪҶˣøӵСĽˣڲҪҶĹϵҪһʥ̡
òƣҶÿȥһطͻһֵ֧Ҫȥ½˭ģ
Ҫ˵ԺҲѾûж˸
ô˵Ҷ˾佱ˣѽӸƣȻˡ
Ҷ벻ǣȻҪ佱һ㲻ԸҲȥΪһεĹھǴ֮вġ
һ߹һǶ㣬ֻҪ߹ڣҶҲһҪˣȻ޷ܾ
ҶҶţ֮ǰǳе㲻ģǱˢģǱ߹ɵġ
߹ʵ൱ģ˵ӮʵҪǾӮġ
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˵ʵе󣬶Ҫ߹һأˮԵģ߹ϣʤ


407 ʤ3
ҲѾˣǵҶѧԺˣҶԴҲûһҲɵ˵һˡ
Դˣ߹Ҳһ뷨ֻûоˣȫԸȥսⳡսҲζȦɵ㣡
ȻˣҲӮ˴ҵĺȲ֮
ҶڰѽӸʱ򣬶߹Сߣòᳬ㣬㲻Ǳѣ
ţҶ˵߹ܿģͷ
ֻǣʱҶƺûע⵽վڱϡ
ҶˣŭĿӡ
㣬㻹ڰҶ˴˵
͵Ҳڰɣ
Ŷ֪ˣСߣߣȥףһ¡Ҷ˻ĵ㲻ڣȻ˵Ҫȥ߹ףõھĶ㡣
㻹ûü˵ʱҶѾ߹ˣҶҲ׷ϣοˡ
һ죬Ҷ߹ʥ֮ҹ䣬ֻˣСҲǵĻǾˣ
߹ϲ˦Ҷֻ꣬Ҷ˹Ŷ硣
ҲֵĴۻ֮Уεһ

λ֮󣬵Ҽֵʱ򣬾ȻҶѧԺ΢ڵһλ
ĹھħǾļѧԺǾһѵĳɼҶѧԺĪõ˵һ
κ˶û뵽飬ҶѧԺԼҲûС
мҲвٵԭ򣬵һѧԺΪһЩɺûõ֣˵ĹھǷƵĳ֣ǾͿԵõĻǵķ־ͻᳬҶѧԺܶࡣ
ͬʱҶһĻȻֻǵõһСһ΢ķӮ˵һѧԺ֮һЩѧԺҲר˲μӻ飬һҲһ㣬ܾͻһΪʤĹؼ
ʵȻ⣬ҲǴ뵽ģΪҶѧԺȻ˵ǵһβμӣҶѧԺڻʼѧԺǻʼѧԺĴ
ǰʵɣҶأҶ߹ǿƳλҶѧԺ΢Ӯ˵һ
ΪʼѧԺ˲ɢʧλ֮УǾˣѧԺ֮󣬻ȸѧԺȥˡ
λ֮ʥǻרΪαԲһϯÿѧԺˣٰĵص񼣹㳡
ֻϯ֮ϣҶȴûгϯǸʱԯս˵ս
СҲߣ
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ΪͨˣΪ֪ԼزסҶˣʱҶ˾Ѿˣ֪ҶѾˡ
ΪҶѾԼˣеƣ֪ĻӦôӦҶˣĻٿһҶˡ
ڵʱȴҶܻˡ
ԯҪˣ
ΪʲôֻˣԴˣԯץסҶˣȻһŪ׵⡣
ҪкҪץңץҵģҹҲһܵģҶ˵
ܻΪ˺Ҵк𣿡ԯʵ
ţҾҪ˵һ£Ȼߵû᲻ġҶ˵ͷ˵
СԯҶһᣬȻ䱧ڻһ̣üҶ뿪ԼҲһû⣬ΪԼ
ҰҪ˰ǻءҶԯĻ˵
ұһᣬ㣡ԯ˵ŵҶ˱ýģܿ죬ҶҲͷ
ڹһ֮ԯſҶˣȻҶ˵ˣƶʥ֮еĴ·֮ϡ
ʥ֮У·ϵģǣ֡
˵ǰĻһ֣ȥֹ˵ǣ֣ΪԯʥŮǲһܡ
ȴһҶ֪˵ĹϵѾ޷ȥֹֻѧӦ
һЩȻ˵ˣڿһʱ򣬾ֻܲΪ˸ǵĸоܺú
ܵܣôŻѾ׼ˡҶ꿴Ҷ˹ʱƺûпϵԯеü
Ҷıϣ߹Ҷˣƺ١


408 ץҰɣ1
ȥԯˣûʲô£ҲˡҶ˻˵
ŶҲ˰Ҷܲ˵һ仰ƺŷԯһ
ԯҲ⣬ֻǿΨһһ˵ôһô˼ô졣
˭˵ôˣֻһҪ뿪ǻҪҪ似ħʲôġҶش

ԯһ£ΪҶ˻һߣû뵽ߵֻҶһ
֪ÿλ֮еѧԱһңһǻụཻ˽ԼȤķ档
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һʥǾеģԣǲû̫ڷֻǱȽϵ͵Ľš
ͬʱʥƺҲŽڸ潻Ǽģûκ˲ŷ顣
ô˵ЩҶ޹أҶƺһȤûУֻǰ岿䣬һΣȵǱ˵ȻܻһЩ鵢顣
ǵúúչԼ̩ʺãð̩ŴıϣҲһ㣡ֵʱҶҶ˵Ļ
֪ˣһģҶ˵ͷȻ׼Сһ¡
·;ңԶҵҶ˻ĵģʥ̵Ĳ飬ҶƺֵõһҪСһ¡
ΪеĳˣΪҶСʲô֮£Ҳûʲôر뷨ʲôǵ飬޹أԼԼı־Ϳˡ
ҲѹֳỳɣҶΪСʱ򣬰·ȫˣǻ浱Ȼú˸档
ȻС峵ûпֻǴһЩѡ
ΪС£ҲҶ˵עüУûȥ飬һ·Ҳలµ˵أڸ֮䣬뻢岿ԽԽ
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мҽʦʿҲ˹ʿʥ̳ԱͬʱĪڼŮ

Сܣ߶һҲǣҲ˵һ£ǲԴ˺ջ
ǣ˵һԺôһҵëҲһҧҧ˵

ʲôǳåˣڽӵϢʱһ£Ȼһŭ˵֮ʻû壬ˣ´һܷŹ

ˣԺðæİҲһһɸдԼʲôʱҶ˼棬ãϣӦúãã

һ죬Ҷ˻һȻ·е㲻һСѾˣҶڱеˡ
ģôûеһ¹ߺˡҶóЩ𹤾ߣʼޣҽʵԴʱ䡣
ҶĵʱͻȻ׵ͣ
ʲô£Ҷ˴򿪴Ҫ֪׷ʲô£һ򿪴ʱ򣬾ͷһȺΧԼ
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Щǿ׳ˣҪʲôأǴ
ʱ˺׾뵽·£Ȼ˵˵ǿȽ٣ҲûС
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ҶòʵܶԷ˭Է⣬ҲǱҪġ
˼λĹӣǰھһλ飬ԣصһɲܽȥǱߵȴ죬֮ǾͿԽȥˡЩ˺òػػ
Щ˵Ļó϶һ£ԭЩ˲ǿֻԼܵù˵Ļ飬Ҫ·ǲܵˡ
˵Ļ飬Ҳжţ˲֮ÿ궼һλ飬̸̸֮⡣
һЩ鶼ǵԵģΪ֮˲һĻ飬ûй
ҪȫۼһֻһܣǾÿһһε䣬Ǹʱÿڴ˵֮е֮ǡ
Ϊʲô˵Ǵ˵֮е֮ǣֻΪ֮Уû֪֮ʲôλãҲûȥ
ˣҲֻһС֪֮ʲôطҶԴһֱܣû˲֪֪λá


409 ץҰɣ2
˵֮֮УסһЩ壬Ǵ˵ס֮е塣
ЩǴ˵û˿֤飡
ЩҲҶ޹أֻ֪һ顪
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ӣûˣ·Ǳؾ֮·޷ƣǳҡҡͷ˵
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ؾ֮·ûֻԽͨ߶ѣ˵ǲеĻһѡأԴһЩطƹȥ
ǣӣǷԸңһҪ͵Ŀĵأ۷ʲô飬һ˶УΪѵ
Ҷ˵İ취ǿеģȴԼ··Ļ֪ܵʲôطȥˡ
ҲǴĵĵطŻһҪҶ˵ĿĵأȻĻԲ뿪
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룬Ҷ˵Ҳûд˵Ļʱ˵Ҳ֪öõʱ䣬ܻʮҲ˵
ô˵ǵķԸǲһ˶У˦˦ͷһЩ뷨˦ԴᶨԼ뷨
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һߣҶ֮󣬱·У˻飬Ϊһ
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ҾҪ̩ţʲôΪʲôģʲôطҶٴ׷ʵ˷ܵӡ
ǲģһ壬ǲ͸¶㡣ҡҡͷǽ䱸ؿҶˡ
ܣ̩ŵھȻǻܣȻ˵ֻģô˵ҲֱȽӵ
ҵŮūҸ㣬㲻ҵĻҾԿͷҶ˾в뷨Щһ㶼ǿƴ̽
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һ˵꣬һȺ˺ݵĳҶ˵ߣҶ˰ΧһЩ˶뻢Ƶͬ壬ллβ͵֡
˵ȻˣǵӵȷȣŮԣǸȷֲôҪŮū
Ҷڿ֮Դ룬Ȼȭͷһƣƺ뵽һð취
ץҰɣ
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ҶΪʲô־ܣ⻹ǲ˵Ҫ̩ŴҲǱ֮һᱻ̩ŵǰҲͲô鷳ȥˡ
֪̩ſʲôӣһץ
ֻ̩Ҷ˵Ǹ𣿿ǣֺǣ
˵ǻ椵ĻôôߵݣߵݣôܸȥҶ˵ŮūһźҶ˵ϸ¡
˵ǣֱ嵱ŮūӦҲдģЩ˵Ҷ˿Կ϶̩Ŵ˾ԼҪҵġ
ֻǾ̩ŵе棬ǰҲ̩ŵݲ򵥣Ȼܿ춼뷨Ҳ
ͬʱΪԼĿĿԳɹСԼķΧ
ڵСﾭµĽȻܳңأȴԵԼĴڣȻڵõԼٻ֮󣬱þһа취Ϲ谭ɨһϰ


410 ץҰɣ3
Ӧľ룬Ҷ˵ľԽǿԽԶڵľֻһٹңҲ˵ҶڿСһٹﷶΧ
Χ̫ĻǾ͸ϲԮҶ˲С뿪Լ̫Զ
ޣ壬ҪˣҰ̩Ŵ˵Ůūֵϣݺݵ
Ҷ˻벻Щס֮󣬱ҪȭӣҪйԼеԹΪе̩Ŵ˳
ʱҶҲûа취ֻýǴ򣬾͵Ϊ̩š
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˲ģҲһЩ˵Ŀ⣬ΪҶ˵ȺˣֱⲿģǾλڵأ
ǿе̩Ŵˣ֮У飬ԣȻҪȥ
Ҷʱ򣬱̧ŵĸоƺܲպ⣬ڸ̾Ϊʲôô
ʱҶͻȻղ
ףأ
ʲôϵƺģģҶ˵˵ֻʲôգ룬ĿüհѾ뷿ˡ
ȻҶҲˣΪʲôտΪֻǰ׻ɫ컨壬컨֮еԵĹžľ
컨ڱȽϴģҰζҲķһ£Ҳ˿Ұһķ
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ҶʱȻûпӵȫ棬컨ĽǶԵ״жϳһԲεܴĽ
ʲô
Ҷһƺϵʮһӳص


411 طꣿ1
֮УҶ˿Եó㣬˺лƺڷŭһЩ飬òƾ̧Ҷ˽ˡ
Σˣһһ֣ܷˣŶһ򵥣
һ㣬һеġ
ȿȡ

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ЩƺûԼһҪĻ飬֮ǰֻҪ̩Ŵˣ
˹ˣԲǸոڿᡭȺ˺ǹ˵
￪ᣬʲôģλ˹˻е㲻ͣҶʱ͵͵Ŀһ£˹һģӦ˵ˡ
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ǲǾ»飬Ҷ˶ûһȤֻĻʲôطӸһȻֻŮġ
һƻ椵ĻŮˣţֻ˵ƣΪŮˣֻŮ뻢椿е
Ҷ˵ļ֮УӦһɰŮŮ˿ɰǿɰһŮˣŮŮ֮źܴĲ
ѵ˵Ѿˣˣ
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ʱ䣬Ѿû椴һŮɳɳŮˣ
ֻǣĻ椣Ҷе㲻ȥϣԼϴˣŸԼоģֻп⣬˵Ķڻ塣
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Ҷ˶ںŮ˵ĸоƺǴں꾫Ľ׶ΣҲΪի̫ģһԵ˼ά
ʵϣ岢Ūɧ壬ǻˣǵһῴһǵʡ
Ůһ㣬ϾһߵϢ
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ʲôǰ𣿡ǸҶ˻ɳ̩ŵĻŮվǼӡ
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˼λոµе㲻ˣ£̩źòضŴҾǸ

ͻȻ˴
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̩ŴˣոǸ塭е㾪ֵ˵
ôˣ̩е㲻ͷʵѾ˵ˣ˵Լ۹͵ģȥĻǾͲ۹ܷͣ
ˡе˵Ƕ飬е㲻˼顣
ǡʲôˣ̩һûסæԭ廨Ҷ˵ڣƺտҲ
ʱ򣬲̩ţеҲǵط֮У˾档
ǵƤӵ·飬Ȼ˵ոǲûע⵽ҶˣϾ﷢飬Ȼûв
ڳ˿ɶͨˣвǲ֮еĸ֣һֱӬɽǶȴһô뿪Ǹλõģ֪ʲôλá
Ǹе亹죬ﶼ룬˵ǶԼĻǺʲô
ʱҲûʱȥ亹ҪĻҳڷʧ塣
κʱ򣬶ȥʧˣǶСĽ䱸Ĵš

գҺܿͷʧҶˣǶҶ˻Ǳţȴվŵģվ̩ŵߡ

̩ŸոտʼûзӴҿԼ֮УƺõϢȻ߿ȥͿ˻ͷҶˡ
һȻǸŮĺ棡


412 طꣿ2
ι椡㲻ôҰɣѵϲңҶ˵
椣ǡ̩ʱһ£Ǳ飬ԶеİʶҶˡ
̩Ҷ˵Ǹ椵ĻôķӦ
һ㣬Ҷ˲ûлɣ˵Ҷˣүϸȥˣ㶼ʶ˰ɡ
Ҷʱ򣬻Ϊ椲ʶԼˣΪԼı仯òҲܴ󣬴һСС꣬һ˧꣬ţΪġ
û˵ǻ椵ĻôܻΪ仯ʶأǽֻһΪͲǻ椣һԭ򣬾Ϊбԭϡ
ү̩Ŵһ£Ҳûнйү˭
Ҷ˰ող˵ǲѾˣ֣Ϊʲôҵĸое㲻һˣҶ˴˵
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Ҳڶɺ֮϶飬ǻ壬ǽ̩ţǱ嵱Ůūһţһ˳µ϶ǰ̩žǻ椡
Ҳʶ㣬Զһ㣡̩ȻǶǺŮĺ棬е㵨ӵؿҶˡ
ʱ̩Ҳˣһߡ
İɣǸˣܰôе˼Ȼӣ̩ϡ
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ȷ̩ŵŮūǸ𣿡
ǰҾǣҵΪʲôʲô˶ϲҶֵʵóһӿһ£ôȫǻҳ˭ϲһţӡô

ʱ˶סˣΪǿһ飬Ҷ˾Ȼһžӡ
ȻʲôĴڣڣҶǱ廨ģôֿɻǰϵӻʲô壿
ȷû壬Ҫӣʵܼ򵥣ֻҪԭ򣬾Ϳɵ
һ㣬Ҷ˺ܿΪ֤ˣ
Ҷ˵֮ȫ˶ȻЩӾĪĵܿ죬Ҷ˾˳Ծı֮£ָɡ
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ʱ򣬼˶£ΪʵֵûɣҶϵӳûа⣬벻Ľ͡
ƺֿһҪ͵Ļ棬Ǿǿһǰ徹Ȼøɸɾ֮ǰĻͷˡ
ı仯˻Լǲǿˣôһ˲ı仯
ͬʱڴҲŷ֣ԭǰһ꣬һ޺꣬ʱһָо꣬񲻻ֵ̩顣
ǲһ᣿
ףΪʲôһ룬ʲô飬˲ò࣬Щֱˡ
ҡҲʶ㡭ô£ôץˣ˭ڿҶ˳̷̩֮ʶҶ飬񲻼١
ʱҲһԭĲǣȷˣףΪʲôҪһأ
椣Һ㡭Ҷûй飬ֱӰ̩űڻ

ڻ
̩ſʼҽУǽҶ˵ĻŤԽŤԽûҲԽԽ졣
ף㷢ҸҩҶóһƬҩ̩ŵ
ȿȿȡ̩˳ҪеĲﶼ³ҩһֶҩҲһֲõҩ
ϲֿζǾͻһ֣Ҷ˾Ȼóһҩ衣
ҪûգΪ㱧ңҲŻᷢȡܷܲſҡ̩ź˵
ŶҶ˺ķſſʱ̩̾Ͷ㵽ǸŮĺ棬һҲҲˡ
Ҷ˹ӣ˵Ļ椽̩𣿡ŮͻȻ뵽һˣӸոҶ˵Ϊ֮£Ҷϴˡ
ţҶ˵ͷ
ȫʲôŮʵ
̩ţҶ˻ص
֪̩ţʵȫŮĵ˵
ͽ̩šҶ˵


413 طꣿ3
ŮĬһᣬʷûʲôͷǻɡ
㣬ʲôģ
壬㲻ῴ𣿡Ҷָ̩˵
˳Ĭе֡
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Ҷ룬شҲ֪ʲôʱȥǱߣֻ֪ʮǰ˰֮ҾͰͻ
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ʱ˿źŮǵ֮УԿóںԻ󣬶ǰԻ
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ҿҶץ̩ŵ֣̩ҪջȴŮڸԼʹɫҲͷˡ
ȻŮʹɫֹҲ֪ҶʲôܿһֵԾˡ
ûʲôʲô⣬ԴҲûбײĺۼ˵˵ʲôҶץס̩ŵ֣ȻΪ飬ˣԺҽ
ῴ𣿡Ůʵ
һ㣡Ҷ˻صǺǫģ˵Լţ˵һûϵڶˡ
ʱŮҲܴû϶ҲЩһҪ˵̩űײ˵ʲô㿴֮ġ
ǺŮĵطֱӵ˵ҪŹͿԺˣϢ˵
ҲǣҶ˵ͷײԴ֮󣬺ܿǿ״ģʱڶʱһЩ⡣
ҶҲο̩ŵԴûκε⣬ԣǹ۲켸˵
ŵȣ㵽ڸʲôСӰȥ͵ˣʲô˹е㲻ͷˣе㲻ŮҲŵȵ뷨
үǵ˵ŵɨȥԴ˾ˣҪ顣
ʱ˽ŵȵ˶Ѿ֪ˣһźҪ飬һȿ»Ҫ
Ȼ˵ʱĴһ㲻ŵҪʲôԣǰйصġ
ùңʲô˵ɣ˵ʲôҶʱ򷢻ˣɳ˼Ǻɫɫģ
ɳ֮УҶ˿һɺɫһɫڶսսѾܳѾ˰Ȼľʤ׶Ρ
ڴ˿̣˹˶ҪֹҶ˵ĹۿΪǶԣһܣôҶĪ鿴
ŵȻ˵Ҷ˱ֳһѺãҲһҶ˿һҪֹҶˡ
ʱҶ˿˵ˣһ仰˶ʱûл治ѣ仰ǡ
ǺɫĻǾ͹ϲǣѾӮˡɫǾҪעһˣıǵսȻǻúܲҡ

ŵȳԾΪʲô˵ɫӦռݸƣֻҪʹǺɫͻذɣ
ŵ˵ͬʱָҪ˵ǹԣɫǵġ
յУɫǹڳΣľɫ룬ɫʱɫûĻǾֻķݡҶҡҡͷ˵

ŵȵ˳ĬԣǶδԼھȻǱ˹Ķ
Ҷָ㣬ȫɫڣҪ˵ЩطĻǶԷҲ㳲ռˣǶġ
㱻ǵȻˣ
ǵ뷨֮УɫӦûʵ̵Լ㣬ǸԼδģҲ̫࣬͵ϮҲ̫ɹ
⣬ûʵԳԵŵҡҡͷҶ˵˵ˡ
ݺɫĲֻ֣Ҫһɫúɫ㳲ɫȻͻȥǸʱֻҪл𹥣ʯϣɫͱ㶨ˣҶָɳϵļ˵

㣬Ҷ˵յĽԼһ˳УΪԷûʵȥ顣
ֻڷ֣ȻԼԷʵûдģȴǹʵı䶯


414 ̫ʋ1
ҶүսıҲУڴ˿̣ŵȲҶеˣǻ۶ԺȴԼñȻԷˡ
Դ˲ðգǺģΪ֪ڶԷӪ֮Уһ𾴵ߣ֪Լǻۻ޷Խˡ
սҲУǲɳϷ𣿡Ҷҡҡͷʵ

ɳϷ㻹Ϊ氡Ⲣ棬ʵʵڵս
ûǾ棡ŵȺܿͻָЦ˵
ΪʲôҸоЦе٣Ϊһֻɡ
ŵʯˡ
꣬βжҶʱͻȻһתǸɳϷѾûȤˣŵȵβ͡
βͣȻֻһˣǺ嶼һģм֣֮ŵȣ˶Ҳú֣ûʲôĵط
һİǾβûˣһҪ槼ءҶеϧ˵槼ܸȤȻ֮еġ
β槼
Ҷ˵Ļúܶ˲ΪԱŵȣͷԣԼ֮Щûйʵϵ
һβҲͦɰģ椣ǳȥߣҶڽеȻˣû̩ţΪ̩ŻԼ
ȥŵȶ̩ŵҪֻ̫࣬ҪˣͰԼŮūİɡ
⡭һ㣬̩е㿹ܣµҲͬ⡣
Ϊ˴룬ֻҪһЩֵ飬йֵҪͰΣץһҪˣŵ˵ûҪ̫࣬ҲΪݡ
ΪʲôϣҪһЩȴһֱǸڻԭΪǲݣ
˵ıʿǻҪ̩ʲôҪãеһУҲһҪˡ
ʱ򣬾ԵǻۣҲѹһУ˳ֵļʵ̫ˣ
ŵȣڿԽһ£嵽ʲôˣ˹̩֮󣬱ŵȵ
Ҳ֪ŵȻش⣬ڳ˱óĬ˭û뵽Ĵ𰸡
֪Ȼ֪ΪʲôôĴڣ˸е⡣
ǲ֪˭ȴ֪еǸ̩˭ŵ΢Ц˵Ц֮УһĽթȻҲ˵ǡ
̩ţ̩𣿡
ǣ̩ţǵ̫ʋŵ˵мĲͬ˵˳ɳ֮ϣд̩̫ʋĸ֡
ԭҶһֱˣν̩ʵ̫ʋֻڶһģǲӵƵ֣ƵľץŮū
˵̫ʋҲ׵ʱץľûлôˣ˶һƷǵС˺Ҳûͯ񱣬ԲܱסĴŮ֮
֮Ѿ˳ϻӡ޷ĨҲ޷򿪵Ķ
Ϊ̫ʋһֱŮӣûжûħûκηļܣֻܿű˵ı
ҲҶ˸ոտԵʣ޷
̩ţƺ￴һʱ֮벻ü˵
벻Ǻ飬̩ź¶棬Ӧ˵˵˵ûж֪Ĵڣŵ΢΢ü˵ţСͱץߣǵ̫ʋһץȥŮū˶ܲûиκεļ似һӶ
𣿡˶¶һ뷨δš
鱾ûж֪ο¶Ի˵Ҳһ裬ǲ˵顣ҲǴģҲҺڷŹô÷ΪʤĻᡣŵ˵еĻָȻҶˡ
Ȼ˵ô࣬һǲ֪⵽ʲô˼ֵ̩ʲôݣ˹˵ֱָĹؼ
⣬ʵҲһ⣬̩ʲôݣҲ˵ǶӦüӡ̣ҿԸ㣬ǿⳡսʤĹؼǸ꣬вġŵ˵
Ȳ˵һץ̩ŵ˵µûã˵ӡ̵ĻŮôǵ˭˹ǻɣŵǲǷԺ
ǰĻ˵˵ŮūˣôĵԼŮūǵ̫ʋҪǿǸ壬϶˺ҧ壬ʬԽʹ֮ޣ
ʵŵҲԼܴĸûдġ


415 ̫ʋ2
ǣҡҡͷ˵ҵĸоңǸ̩֮䣬Ѱֹϵǿв˵֪˭ѵѾˣǱ˭Ѷ̴Ļ㻹վ˵𣿡
ѵһŮ˹𾪵ȻԼĿ֮еǸˣͻСѾͷغ
ûŵȵͷڿеСŮս־ͽ̩ţҲѹǻ᲻֪Ϊǵһγս֮ϣӦǲҪģ
⡭
û뵽ȻСŮ֮Բ֪СŮ䣬ΪûмСŮӣһֱǴһֵߣûϳ˭
ŵƺϢ㹻𺳣Ǽ׳ذըǿ֪ܲСŮ̩ţ似ǱģķȫǻͳЩ
˵СŮ似ڸոյǸꣿôܣǸ꣬񲢲似һһ͵ģ˵ڳ˶òܣҶ˵ǸӣôôǿСŮ
˲ò࣡У̣ܽԼҲҪᡣŵȺµ˵
ˣ᲻Ե̫һЩ˹ͷͬʱ顣
ᣬսһǿģǸӱɣǻһ֮ǵǸŵеɵ˵

ǸʱǸ
ðɣˣ̫ʋСһ㣬ˡ˵ô£Ȼϴˣ˹ʾɻ
Ҳע⵽ˣΪСŮ̩Ѿû棬ټ̫ʋҲСŮеƣԾͻˣˣȷһԺŵȵôܻûע⵽һ㡣
ҲǣġһŮ˵
Ȼģʵ򵥣ոſһᣬܰ˫ĹԤݳָǺԵ⣬Ⲣһ˿ġŵҡҡͷԴеء
᲻ںװΪ˰СŮ̽ģһʣҲǺܶ˶Ҫ˵ģҲõġ
ŵȵͷ˵Ҳܡһ仰û˵ǾоҶƺ˵ѣԺġ
ǲǸøСĵķˣܼǸ壬ҪκߵĻᣡ˹
ԴˣŵûзԵ˼ҲҪϾܿ϶ԼǸоȷĻǴġ
ʱҶ˻֪ԼѾΪ¼ģѾȫλţ̫ʋ˵Żڲιط
ҶȻ˵ŻƺûԼ飬Ҳû˵椵飬ֻϵرϹš
Ϊŵ˵̫ʋʧ䣬ҪʱӦ㲻˵ЩˣҲΪ;̫ʋе⣬Ҳûи̫飬ֻ˵һЩ޹ؽҪ顣
෴ģҶ˵˺ܶ飬ˣڽеս
Ȼ̫ʋΪһԲμӾ»ˣͲʡ͵ĵƣȻԼ˵ҲںҶţ޹ؽҪ顣
Ҷ˵ƺҲ㹻ˣģ
Ҷ˾סˣÿ춼̩ţҲ˵ǱţҲûע⵽
һߣսţһĵطս
ҲҶ˵ɫſʼյңɫΪ֪£һԵ
ǱӦȥԮûȥԮһʼ£ȻȭЩԭ͵ϮĺɫŴֲúɫ
ɫŵķӦҲѸ٣ں̵ܶʱǱ˱²֣ɫҲûֵˡ
Ǹʱ򣬺ɫŵӪ֮УһССĻŮڵõϢ֮󣬾ʵʲôǿˣǱߵҲи֣СӰ
Ǳŵȣ֮УͷܳСֱСŮϵ˿ʼӦˡ
һģҲѿүıŵȣܻΪǿҲ˵СŮʼŵȣ֮ǰŵȲûʲôڽ֮ŵȻеۡ
ү
СŮߵˣ뿴үΪѾֻһСŮ˵ÿ˵ʱ򣬾ͻúܲһ


416 ̫ʋ3
үҪȥģֻû뵽յ۹Ȼ䣬һǸ۸İ˹£û뵽ôݣĻʵ۸׶ɱˣûжôȻһŹ
˵Ҷҵ˶ѾӳҶǡʵҪûеطţҿԸǣһԶ֧үġ
ⳡսһϹȥ㣡
СŮһγˣĬĬ߶ţүټһΣǱˣǻ椡
ʵҲܺԼûʱҶˣҶ˳ʲôµĻ֪ʲô顣
С㣬С㡭ϵע⵽һ㣬㿪ʼлˣҲƺϰһ㡣
ʲô£˵
Ǹô죿ϵ˵
椺ǵ˵ϸңٿ
ģǰռƻϵ˽ϸ˵һߣɳʾ椿
ףоϤڿ仯֮ʱͻȻϤĸоϸ룬ƺе㲻ܡ
Ȳˣ椽оһߣҪ飬ҪŽս
ʻΪʲôЩʵ⻹Ҷ˵ԵʣѧһʱսΣҲоŴɳݡ
ʱҶΪȤûĶ֣ÿζ䣬ֻΪҶ˵ı̫ˣҲΪ椵սˮƽҲֱ
ֻ飬ûиˣû֪Ȼһš
һս֮У椲ŵһչһܣͬʱҲչ似Ǹʱ򼸺ѾǰֵܾӲǱƾС
Ҷ˵ĳ֣Ѿռƣܿȡʤ
ʣҶǱߵĻ᲻ȻóɫͲһˣΪ椳ս⣬ǹɨսǱߵʿǡ
ŵȵһξɳ֮ǰһ֮ǰСƣںܿͱ´ԭΡ
ȻŵȵһЩı˲Сĳɹƻûиı䣬ûа취ֹ仯֧ôãҲǲˡ
ԻǰδıǾþɳĴ󽫾Ҳһܣ
˵ʱЩ󽫾Щʦ֮սĻͻһƬ亹Ϊǿ˫̫ˡ
ʵˣŵȲΪ̫ǿˣ׼ȷ˵ǿı̫ˣûгֹģ
Էľʦ˭ѵǰȥǱˣҲԣǰӦò֣ķ񲢲ġ
ŵü߶ţеǰǺ֮Уҡ
һ˵ʱƺѾзǸеŵȴ˿ûУҲԺɹһؼӲ
һϣ̫ʋŵһɹĹؼʼɱ˵ĲܣҪʱøʺϵԼܲá
̫ʋȻ㾫ܶ࣬ûʲôôɣ˹˵ǽӴҲһˣȻԴ˺˽⡣
ҵ̫ʋǺһǸүŵ˵ʱүֵʱеŹ֡
⼸Ҷǣ˶ʶˣ⣬оΪһϲľó
ⶫȫ½ͨõģҲ⣬˵ȻҲϲˣ˸Լô᲻ҪһЩֵǮĶҲνˡ
ΪҶ˵Ϊ̫ʋΪװ椽үԼ䶼ҶΪүǵү˿û𾴵˼Ҳûб͵˼һƺ
ֻǣҶҲռˣϾүƺҲһȽռ˵ģõĳƺ
̫ʋˣүŵȴǵһ£
ǸʱҶһտС̯ŶҶż⴮̫ʋŵǿ㣬ڳԵòֺ
̫ʋҶ⼸ĽӴѾʼеϲҶˣͨϲҲķſԼԼ
Ŷ֪ˣϾ̫ʋشҧһڿ㣬Ҷ˾ȥ
үˡ
ȵȣûиǮءҶ˴˵
ү͵ԣ֮ǰθܶˣǸ̯ӵ˵֮ǰյǮ㹻԰̯ԣһ㶫ʲô
УԶôܲǮǰĹǰģܻˣҶ˺˵óһҾ׼ӳȥ


417 СŮս1
ȵȣҸ̫ʋݵץҶ˵ĽңȻӳͭңЩҲֵͭңʵڶ̫̫ˡ
Ѿ̫ʋһֹˣѾвٴҶǱ߽ĽңЩңúգүҲ̫һǮˡ
ȻЩû˽̣취Ҷ˵ǮҶԼԽȫûиһһ֪
һͻ椺ҶҲû⡣
ͬʱⲿ֮е񿴲սٵϢҪ˵һֱսѵ˵˶սϰΪ
һ㣬ҶҲһûעΪ֪սĴڣ֪Ҳ⣡
үˣܲܿһ
Ҷ̤ûʣͱŵȽйҶɳϵ
ǻɳϷôôǰľôûнҶһɳ֮ϵ֪֮ǰǡһ֡
ǵĶֱȽԶһ㡣ŵһʺϵĽͣͿԽΪʲôôΪںԶս
ģʱ䣬Ϊʲôɴ˽й칥𹥣ˡҶ˿һ£һ֣еĪģûһ·
˲ɣҶǲ˵˵ġ
ŵ˼ҪģҶ˻Ƿѣǰ˼˺ܾã˾
ãͰүİ취ŵҧҧаɣ
ȻҶ˵ϣ󣬵ʱôҲֻҽ
Ҷ˾ⳡս֪Լͻ椶ˣ֮˫ԣˡĵˡ
ȻҶֻǰһɳϷ
ڽӵϢʱڻ椵һڿ仯֮󣬾;öԷѾˣǿʼҪʤ׷
ʲôжˣǶһ֣ǿүõսʱ֪Լôģ椷ʱ򣬾̴УֻǸʱƺѾˡ
ں֮󣬾еˣΪʲô֣үķ񣬵үôһڶԷӪ
үʲôʱɳϷʱ򣬱͵ʦȥģ˿ó
绢뵽ģҶ˽ļһӾͽԭɢıŷ֣ԭһܵĲ֣һЩûõжʵĹؼ
һ£ŵȿҶ˵ҲһˣǽүҲòͬˣǰеƽȴ𾴣
һߡ
˭Ϊʲô
ڿ⼸սֱ仯֮ԽԽţȻǲѹסԼԼûжģϾǵһָս
ֻǲҶ˵սо̫ϤˣͺǰҶһɳϷĸоһ
С㣬ڸô죬ǺҪˣϵƵ˵ţԭҪʤˣû뵽սתֱ¡
û£սϲеĻǾأҡҡͷȻ˵š
أϵе㲻ˡ
ţү˵ɳݱϾֻݣʵ֮еսػкܶ࣬Ҫģʿó̩֮Уظš
ʿС㣬˵ϵȻʿָʲôó̩֮УǱˡ
Ҫս椵˵
һ̣ϵ˸еҸпʼѪڣΪ椵սѪֻʱҪǻ椷ӵĻǶʿӰȻǲɹġ
⣬˲ڴ
ˣСŮԳսˣռƣǵ̫ǿˣֹˣ
ܿ죬ŵյϢµľϢԭѾռƵľ棬ھͱúˣ
үҹԴˣŵֻһѡǾҶ
үܴ𣿡˹˾ûпսֻҳһѹСŮС
ˣҲҪǣơŵЩε˵

ŵȵѣҲˣ֮ǰҶ˶ǵʲôв椵ġ
ʱ򣬴ϣҶܴ£ǲ޳ܵ飬ȻˣǶҶҲеˣǲ
ֻǣȴҪģ
ܣʵ֮УֵĻսľˣǼıˣҪȥǣˣѾɳ֮飬ҰﲻǣҶҡҡͷ˴ҵϣ


418 СŮս2
ãˣүûȤȥһطźܺ涫ŵȵͷ΢Ц˵΢Ц֮УһĿɬ
룬ɴһ㣬вСŮĻھͲôҿˡ
Ҷûעһ㣬ֻǵͷ˵ԣҲͦĵģҲȥ𣿡
Ȼһȥŵ˵̫ʋһߣͬʱҲҶˣһҪֶ룬ˣȥǾ鷳ˡ

ʲô㲻ˣҴ㣡
ŵʱѾûչҶΪʲôҲ˲Ůܲף˵ģʱһ㣬Ϳһʤʡ
Ҫл椣Ҷ˿û飬ֱܲӾܾˣŵȴһ£ܿͷЩ߰뷨
У̫ʋ㣬ŵȽҶһѳ˹ڱãȻȥ
Ӹոŵȵƺһߣ͵ƺе㲻ϣǸħʦࡣ
Ҷŵͬһƥսȥ̫ʋԲȥˣΪȥ֮󣬴Ҳͽˣ֪Ϊʲôǹȥˡ
ͬʱ̫ʋƺôһĲᣬ⼸춼룬ԼҶˣǽôģ
ԼҲСŮһΪҵĽ־壬Լûãħ޷ʩչ
ˣ
ǰڴܰ
սʱҶ˾Ͷǰһۡ
ҵүôǴܡŵ˵
ȺܣһǴܣ

ɱϢ˵أҲôȺĴ˵ү̫ÿˡ
ɫɫôҲɫҶ˿Ŀ·֮䣬źɫԱȣһԺɫΪһɫΪ
ԣɳ֮ϵĺҶƺûн֮ϵ
ɱ
ںԾǰߣҶ˿һߵĽСڴɫǰһǹǹĻɫš
ÿһǹܻһˣǹһ㣬ҲúȺɫʿǣԷʿ䡣
ʱҶֻǿһۣûмȥȻָܻᷢĶ
˺˵Ǹ񰡣ĻӦһͽȥֹȻⳡսǾˣͽôˣҶ˿ʽóӦˣĻ
ֻǣѾûˣǵĵһͽѾɻˣŵеε˵
Ӧûб˰ɡҶе㲻ˣСŮǺǿ޵лһصľ룬¼ʤĲ֪
Уұˡŵȸ̾
ʲô㱲ˣҶ˲ˣͷҪ
˵鷳ٺͣڣҪĻֹͷŵ΢΢ü
ȻԽȥʲôҶ˲
ðɣҲԼ˵ģߣǰȥŵȲСŮȥ
ȫס֣
ŵöԼǹȫɱҲǻȵսʱԵĽˡ
СŮʱҲͣһ˿һ㣬֮ԾķֿһߣսʱƽϢ
ҪˣʲôŵȣСŮԶŵʵ
ҲûʲôԹԵͶŵ΢Ц˵仰øõ˶ĬˣǺ췽ŵȿͿˡ
СŮռƣôܻͶ䣬仰˵Ļпܡ
ŵȣҼǵ㲻Ҳ侲Ϊʲô˵ĺͿСŮܲ׵ʵ⻰ûжֻͣǺƽȥʡ
˵ȻҵɣΪƣŵ΢ЦţûֱͿĸогӡ
ôҸе֣ΪʲôŵȻôģѵ𣿻ʲôأ
˶Ҫ֪𰸣СŮҲһҪŵ«ʲôҩ
ͬʱСŮһ㣬ŵͬһƥ˭ͺһ꣬ɲӡеĺ꾫еŮԿɶ崿֣ǻۡ
ˣŵôܵģӦǺϵǳģ
СŮɻҲеɻֻʱҪҪĶ࣬Ҳʱˡ
ƣǾɣСŮ侲˵
߹ŵЦ˵ָ˹
У˭ȥСŮֲǰ׳գ
ʱ˶СŮܾⲻǰͶһ
ֻǣ˸еԾ鷢ˣֻСŮȻŵȹȥ


419 СŮս3
ѵ˵ŵѾѧԻ˵ħִ˵֮Уӵнɫ۾ĺ壬Կ˵ģ۾ǽɫɫġ
⵽ô£
ʱΪߵĹϵҲûпСŮı飬ҪǿĻǻһʡ
Ϊ˿̣СŮЦһϲȻϲ֮УҲһ㵣ŭǳŵȵġ
ôأ
ֻΪոնСŮʱŵƿԼ壬ҶеԺСŮ
СŮʱ򣬷·е鶼ͣˣҲе飬׿һУҪֱȥ
ʱŵȲ˵Ǿ仰ĻСŮҲһȥһģֻŵȵ仰úܲˬ
վס
ŵȼСŮڼԼϷֹСŮʵܻҶˣҲΪץҶ˵֡
ϵ˱øˣ
ֻǣΪ˵ҶȴڿһЩһЩеֵĶ
ſҪǸһͷһʮСŮĽŲͣŵ˵
үڿʲôأôôᱻֻץסģСŮҶ˵ͱúᡣ
һΣŵѾҶСŮеĵλǾԿҪЮģʲôԸ⡣
ʲôڿǵսҵĻ椣ûбץסҶ˵ûע⻰ǳ˭Ŀڡ
ңôܵǱȥǲ·ˣСŮе˵Ҷһ·
֪Ҷһβ·˸ϴˣƻץ
·ҵ˻椣ոջҺ棬𣡡Ҷ̻صڵϴ˴ŵˡ
棬˵ʲôүòǡСŮеͷʹ˵ԼүַԺһһԺ
үСŮҶûзӦ΢΢һ㡣
Ҷ˻ص
ʲô쵽СŮ˵
˭ΪʲôҪǱȥΪʲôҾӦȥǱأҶе֣ȻԼʶСŮҲ֪ΪʲôоĻҪ
ϲ𣿡СŮ˵
ߣôϳߺ죬Ҷ˵עСŮϣСŮߣеɻˡ
ߡҶˣһߡСŮһžСͳڴҵǰ
ڴʱ˿̣ܶ˶ͣΪǶûмСŮĿû뵽СŮȻСŮֻʮӣСɰ
ЧǸеޱȵ𺳣
ף椣ΪʲôҶڿСŮ֮󣬾ϳǸ椡
ֻǣԺˣΪʲô椣
ûֻһĵˣǵģΪʲôⶼܷԺߣ椺ߵƺе㲻ģЩϲҲܿõġ
ܸԼһοҶˣȻеŹ֣֮УĿܣûһаϵġ
ߣҪط꣬Ȼ̫ˣ
ֻҪط꣬ôģѾνˡ
Ķβ͡УˣҲӦóˣȽһ㣬㿴ǻ椵ãûд١Ҷ˿̫ʋٿ椡
ҾģഺŮѾٸˣ˰꣬ҲܵǸ̶ȣ˵
Ȼ椿еٸʵһţ̫ʋ㡣
ٸСŮҲţĽûҸ߰ɣ̫ʋ̻ˣٸñӣܣԷСŮҲһҪȥ
Ϊ壬ر𡭡ʱŵҲ˵Լ뻢椱һ£桪
ʤ
û˵һ㣬˵ʲô
ϻ˵СŮͶɣȻʲô֪ģŵȶŻ˵
ãͶǱɣȻүвһģһŹ㣡椺ܸɴͶҶ˵ߡ
һΣŵûֹ椿ˣŻߣҲ±Ϯ
Ϊ˵һԾŶ֮⣬һҪԭ򡭡

ʱȫ˶ɵˣû뵽椾Ȼ׵ľͶˣΪһ壬ֵ


420 棨1
ֵ𣿡ŵȶе㲻ףҪҶҪЮ椣û椻ô׾;ͷûκεԥ
ƣûȥҲһüͷ
⵽ôһ£ǱŮūϵһ͹ϵ
ֵãſ֣椿һŵȵ֣ǻץҶ˵֣ܲϲҶ˱ŵץš
ŵ֣ûע⵽һ㣬ԼӸոտʼҶôܣ̺
ʱҲ͵͵ؿҶһۣҪ֪ҶʲôӦҶŻ椣ڿʲô顣
Ȼ֪ҶʲôԿ϶һԼ޹أ϶Ǻͻйϵġ
үôǱߵģߵأʵΪҶһѾ·
ûˣҾһҶ˺û椵źѾϰˣǻ椣֮ǰ̫ʋûָо
ʲôһôһˣ֪·ߣҾͲӦûĴҪͻҶһԼɵеҶˡ
Ҷҡͷǵģ֮ǰиҹģ·ס˵ýȥҾ͵͵ܽˡ
ӦùԹԴ棬ӦýսҪʲôˣǸô죿椵ǵ˵һҶ˵壬û£ŷ
ǣҪʮ죬Ҫ㡭Ҷ˿ŻеɵЦ˵椣Һ㣡
Ҷʱ򣬽椱ס
ָоҲ֮ǰ̫ʋģڿ϶һ£Ǿ̫ʋǻ椣ҲˣΪʲôԼ⼸ܾùֵֹġ
Ҳ㣡ɵϡ椱Ҷ˱ţûҲûκβӦĶıҶ˱ţͬʱҲ˫ۻҶ˵䱧Ľġ
һ̣ƺصǰһӣŸԵü䣬һ̣˶ϣʱ΢һ㣬ֻҪ΢һͿԣʱֹֹͣͣģѾûйϵˡ
ȿȡעһ㣬мǧ˫۾ǣŵͻȻоһֲϲҶ뻢һ
ֻǣŵȴ֪Ҷ˸˵ʲôϲһ;һ㣬ֻҪҶҪãͻԹԵãǹɡ
ʱ򣬴Ҷе㶣оս߳۳ҵСŮսȫһɵڼСá
ڹһ֮󡭡
ү㻹ûиңôȥǵĵطҶ˵ĻУʵ
Ҷ˺ʵػشǱ߿ǻˣȻҾȥǴ䣬ǾҪΪ̫ʋ˱˵̫ʋҲץȥŮūҪץķ䣬Ҿ룬ҾץߣǾͿԴȥ㣬ҾͿ̩źŵȡ

ԼץҲֻóҡҡͷǲ֪ôȥ˵Ҷˣô뵽ôΣյ顣
ԭԼץģֲж磬һԼɰֻҪԼ̫ʋѡ
ŵ̫ʋѾ֪ҶԼŵģץġ
̩ţҲ̩𣿡ʵҲصصҶ˵֮ʵģϲҶ˵Ļ
ӦǣһŲм٣ӦһɺϡҶ˶Դѡ̫ʋ
ҽ̫ʋֲ̫ͬͬʋ˵
֮ͱΪңǾ˳ˮۣ׼вңм㻹ݹɳ̣һһϷԲԣҶ˵ĻʵȻֻֻƬԣҶ˵˽⣬Ҳܲ¸˾Ųʮ
ǰǵĶֺ֣ҵıơҶ˵ţƺûзĶ־ǻ椡
ȻˣΪ־ңҲµһɳϷģû뵽ү֪֪㶼ڰ۸ҡеƣԼôŬĽȴҶ˸ƻˡ
Ҳֻһ¶ѣҶģҲûа취ȥҶˣ
֪㣬Ҫ֪ĻҾϹˣһ۸ǡҶǺʵվڻһߣŵ̫ʋ˵ж档
ŵ̫ʋҲûа취ȥ˵ʲôԼ˱ˣ˵ԼҲǺġ
ֻǣҶ⻰Ҳ˵ֱ̫ˡ
ˣҲǣҡҡͷȻܸҶ˵ҪԼȴϣҶ˾Щ֮С
ڻ椵Ŀ֮УҶκ˶޹صˣֻҪĿ־Ϳԣ飬Ȩ飬һ㶼ҪմϹϵ
ˣ˵Ҷ֮ǰҵǻ椣ʱһڻ岿úõȺȲ迴顣
ǵֻҪúã֪԰ԼҲ鷳Լأв


421 棨2
ˣȥǵĲ䣬˵Ϊʲôͬ壬һ֣鷳𣿡Ҷ˷ſ˻椣еʵ
ʲôͬ壿ǿǲͬģǻ壬è壡ôҲϴ˵
è壿Ҷ˵ڶΪ̫ʋǻ壬Ϣ֮˿̫ʋٿ˿椣Ȼˡ
ܰɣǶడҶ˵
࡭֮ǰ˵ҵˣǲһģҵڿûǱߣָ̫ʋʵţҶһǸˡ
ǺһġҶ˵ͷ˵
Ƕè尡ôè嵱ǻ壬㿴Ǳߣˣָɫ֮еĻսʿΣƣèȻƣè尫Сȣʵǿ̫ˣ
һǻģ˸èȫͬ
ҶˣԭһʼԼʹˣԼȻè飬һһֱè嵱塣
Ҷ˾ԼûΣҪ˵εĻҪһ㣡
ⲻܹҰһΪҲ࡭Ҷŵ

û˵ˣΪСҶֻһ壬ȻһִΪ嶼Ǻͻ椲ġ
è壬ܸߴһ㣬ᣬҲ³
ðɣһ㣬èСǵе㲻ͬģѵûעҵĶβΪʲôϴˣ椶һе㲻ף̫ʋȻ񣬵ȴŷֱġ
ҶҲطԺԼദ˰꣬ԲǴ
ע˰һΪ㳤ˣ᲻һҶ˻شں油һ䣺û뵽࣬Ҳһ椣ѾҰһͷֹˡ
ҶһֱȻš

ʱ򣬻ҪҧҶˣֻ᲻ãֻˡ
ҾôСɰ𣿡椾С˵ʮֵؿɰ
˵Ȼ֮ҲнСŮԣĻĲʮ֮ûг߶٣ڻһʮСŮ
ûҿԱ㣡Ҷһӡ
ÿζұ㣬·Сģ˵Ҫң㱣ҵʱҹѾȥŮˡ
Ȼˣ椻ǾúܿģͷӦţ
ˣҲˣǿ̸˰ɣǵСŮѾͶεʤͬɣŵȳѵһҪעһԼʲôط
ڣǴƣѾˣ椵Ȼɫûֻ֮ǰǽ˵뵽
˵ûŵȵĻٲһ£ŵȵĴڣһ֣

սǾ㿴ҿ㣬Ƕû֪ηӦ
û˻椵£˭֪ⳡսǺɫһ䶨ˡ
ȵȣҪһ⣬ս𣿡Ҷ˶һߣ鿴ЩصˣЩƺ
Ŷ꣬ˣЩѾ׵ͻȻʼȸԾ
㿴㿴ȻûսʲôΪʲôϵ˶ûˣҶָЩ˴е
սû˻սŵСŮͬʱ˵
ŶϰҾ˵ôϷһûпһʹģȫһμӣữҲȫˣҶεսкܶطܹ֡
һ㣬ȻսΪʲôûһսϢûյսϢ˻ÿճ
ξûκεһԱʲôطսǲܵķ顣
սѧս⣬Ҫʵս飬Щ޷ѧϰģֻһȥۣҪһЩʸϵϽ
Ϊʲô֮ǰɳݿĽУҶ˲ǵϷ棬˵ֺܶıʲŶԣ֮ǰȴ˵˳ֻΪԭⱾһϷ
ͬʱ˹Ķ䱻̴Ҳǻ飬ûе಩ĵزȻһǹͱ˹Ե˵ʴȣǾǶԼĲ̡
ȻһŮϾǻ壬ǿҰԡ
Ҷ˵չˣҲֻǶҶһˣˣһ̬ˣҶ˻Ҷûں
˵֮սôҪĽɫҲΪⳡսսȻǿҲָӾӣǵһγսһ㾭鶼ûС
̸ֽĹ£½Ҳûٷܶ˶ֿ˵Ͻ̵ʱ򣬾ȫǸˣ׸


422 棨3
ŵ뻢椵ͣսָӵĻҲһЩ࿹⡣
ֻҪһɳĵطǻѸٻ۾飬Ѹٳ࣬Ϊµľָӹ١
ҪҶˣ˭ָӣҪһԺӵ˾͵ùˡ
ţҲϰ˸һ۾֮⣬Ҫ֮ĵλ⣬һϰĽ̶ܴȹϵԺ˸֮еĵλŵȵͷ͵ҿһߵĻ椡
ԣΪܴҶûô׵ķүҪϧŵȲɵ÷ֻ̾ΪмĹϵ
ԼĻһҶԼˣһᣡ
ϰŶʲôǸʱȻҶвҲ벻ʲô취в
֪ϰһ̷µľҶ˿ܻܵ˺˺ֻһ㣬ҲԸ⿴
˵Ҳ֪ľ椣ҶӶˣȥԵġҶ˶Ż˵оеìܣȻľôźأ
źԼìƺһìҲûС
ǻึ˫ҪûиźҶҲͲô
ֻöԷԼȴһֱܣ˵Ĺϵһ־ãֿ
õģүҪʲô
棡
֪˵΢ЦţҶǸʱԼ棬Ǹоͺһ
Ҷ˳ԼĶĸоû椾һֵҸ
ŵȣһ£
˵ͬʱѾҶһˣ̲ȥ﷢
ŵȸǷ˺һᣬ˼ǽ軹
ˣȻˣҲҪȥ岿ˡŵ˵ǺĳԱ뻢屾ͻһԣҲǻȥҲɡ
ңʱЩͳⳡϰɹˣҲڻǱߣ
ʱŵȵѾ椽ˣҲֻϵ̫ʋ벻ǡ
һȥ̫ʋ˵
̫ʋҲҪȥ岿䣬ŵһʵûбҪȥڻûбҪҪӦǻʤ֮顣
ʱƺϲȥ岿䣬ĿȻҪҶ˿кܶҪҶˣ֮ǰΪҪԲûʳ

椣ΪʲôߣѵǼ˵𣿡·ϣҶͻȻ椴ߵӣͺܺʵ
ڻ椵ݣҶ˵ڻǲ֪Ȼʲôܻȥ룡
̷ŲأôܼˣֻҲߵĻûЧˣֻᵱСŮ
ʲôûЧŶ֪ˣӣȷŲˡҶ˺ܿͨ˻˵ʲô顣
ûˣԻ椵ӳǰߣſֲʵҲ˾£ոõ֮֮ǰϾͽˡ
һУս֮ҲǾеģеľ䱸һ֧Ķ飬ͷͶǺ͵ģʵʮͣѹ˵Ч
Ҳʶңү˵ģҪ͵΢Ц˵ʵʵһҪԭǾҶġ
ȻҶģǾһͨߣ֪Ҷ˵˹ϵ飬ˣá
椲֪ежٵôֻ֪һ㣬ǾŷǿԷֹκĿԡ
ɲԼսʱʲô̺ۣĻûᱻҶ˵ѿġ
ҲǣҪ͵һܵ͵ҶЦ˵
Ҷ˵ȷܵ͵͵ûһط䶯ǾһЩĪ¼˵Ҳȷûж֪Ҷ˵飬ҲȷԽ͵

岿䣬֮оǿĲ䣬ǻ廹һĲһԾԵøΪǿ
֮⣬ǵȫ֮һģǵȴҪһĲҪܶࡣ
ͬʱΪǵ⣬Ҳúܶ˲ǲױ̣Ҳױɱ
˿û屣ĴʩǵԾ棬Ǹʱ򼸺壬ʱ򣬻סѪ˺塣
Ӵ֮󣬺һֱ뻢סһҲ֮ĺѪͳˣһ㵽󶼻ʲôûеˣǽ˲֮У͵ȵһ塣


423 䣨1
ҲΪһ˶ᱣѪͳĴǲĲͨ飬ȻҲųְȥġ
ԣ֮ĺǺܶ࣬徭ôϢָֻǰ״̬ʼǿ
ȻڵĺҲǿǻû뿪壬ΪҪ壬ҲҪ塣
壬һ͵ģһǻ͵ģһǴˣߵĽǺģ˫
һ˵嶼ῼ⣬ֻᶯ֣Ѷӵ齻壬һ㶼ᶯ֣ΪǶҲûжá
ȻҲǴ屿ֻǱȽֱӣǱĻҲܷչһ
ڻ֮Уǻ۵ҲУϲʤԣҲһ
岿䣬ֻǳƺʽϣһĸʽǵĹģȴѾﵽһеĹģ
ҰζĽﵽǣ䶼ʾıȽϴǽϵ·Ҳһϸ¡
Ҷ˵ļ㣬岿ˣ
Ҷڽ뻢岿ʱ򣬿Ⱥ壬ɵ÷һ̾
ۣ꾫öడ

ǳĬһᣬȻ˵ǲҪһŶԣѾһ꾫һˣ
ں꾫ƺҶ˵֪꾫⺬塣
˭Ҷס
ǸŵȡŬŬ˵
ˣŵأ̫ʋأҶʱˣԼѾˡ
Ӧףʤʲô֮ǰץʣһѾˣ㻹ʲô˵
˵ƽʱĻһᶯִˣһŮĴŮģŲ˵
ʲôʱץҵˣǲǴ𣿱ӦøлǲŶԡҶֵ˵ûзŵȵĲΪһ˵Ҫлǡ
ûл˵ˣϸ룬ҶҲȷǴģȻĿе㲻һģҪ˵ллҲ⡣
̩ţ㸸Ҫ㣬˵Ǹȥڽ뻢岿ûжãһˡ
⻰Ե֪椵ĸһֱעⳡսڻҶ˻ûеʱѾ֪ҶҪˡ˵Ҫһ֪ս֪ΪҶ˶Ͷġ
֪椵ĸ׻᲻Ҫ˵£˵ҶΪʲôҪ֣ΪʲôҪʧȥⳡսʤ
֪ˣ鷳ȥһҪȸүԵģ¹ȥ椻شûʲô鷳һֻҪȸҶ档
Ŀǰ˵ҪľǲҶ˶ţҪԵĶ
ǻһ£ƺû뵽椻شû뵽ҪȼԼĸ׻ҪҪ
үʲôˣ
ʱ⻢廹ΪҶ˵ֽүȻĻʲôû椽үġ
ǻ巢ʱ򣬻ѾҶ뿪ˣļУǿͨĽûжķֱ
ⲢǴŻݺͨͨĻǸովͲ˰״ҲǳսҪ
ҪǣֻһͨĻ壬Ͳ궼ûȥҶˣظŵĻᶼûС
˲Ľǲ֮࣬ٸߵˣסĵطҲͨһԵĶҲһûκε
Žƽȣ
ڻ椵ļУҶڿ֮еȴŻ椵棬Ͼ֮УҶ˾ߣİ衣
Щ趼Ǻܼ򵥵Ķأȴࡣ
Ҷһ֪ЩǻģΪҶ˵С˵ףҲ֮ǰҶլĵطҲǻģһЩϰûиı
Ҷ˲οʱ򣬷ǽϹһŴƬһɰСŮһ۾ܿǻСʱҶ˿Կ϶ΪǴС뻢һ𳤴ġ
ף椣Сϻĳ𣿡ҶƬС椵ߣһСϻ塣
ʲôСϻ椵ӳﴫ˹
ƬϵǸȵֻСϻҶ˻ش
ĬһᣬȻŴ椵ҵĵܵܣ
ǰɣôϻҿǸСӤӤôһͷҶϸһ£⻹ȷһӤӤ࣬Ȼ֮лġ
ΪͳĻѪͳе㽾˵ĵܵܣΪ
ŶҶˣһ֪ģֻƺһ㣬Ϊʲôֻôһ뻢е㲻һ


424 䣨2
һ֮ҶʼСС
椣ûаҶӿˡ
ĶĶˣȥԵĶȴʳģֻ˵ʳһǻ椵ģһС̡
˺ˡ椵洫˳Һܿ˳һڵ档
Һã滢ҲԣԼв϶뱸ܿ͸㶨ȻĻҶ˻üһᡣ
ݡ
Ҷ̳ҲţһߵĻеżæֹҶȫ£ںܿʱｫꡣ
ү㻹ҪҪ滹С椴˵ǰүʳûôѵڱˣ
ţһ룡Ҷ˵ͷ˵
õģ붼û⣡нȥˣֶ˳һ롣
ؼ֮ҶѾĶӣ˵ԲˣҲԲˣӺǣ
үòǳԱ˻ȥɣ椱ʵΪҶʳˡ
ţһһ㣬þûгԵˡҶ˵ͷ˵
ǵģҪԺҿŻô죬ԵҩӦеġ˵
ѾԹˣҶ˻ش
ԹˣʲôʱԵģôûеɻʵ
ҶЦŻشոȥʱҾѾԹˡ
ˣҶʹóԱԼ֮ǰѾȳԺҩ
ȻҶû椺ۣҲʾϲԼĶеҲϲ֪ҶҪĻϲҲֹҶˡ
үЩ궼ôģ椿ҶˣʵҶ˵飬ֻһЩţЩȽϴ飬ϸڷȴ֪Ҫ֪ľЩϸڡ
Ұ
ͷʼ˵뿪ʱ򡭡֪Ҷ˻شģԸɴͷ˵Ȼʱܻܾã⡣
Ҷ룬˵뿪֮ҾȥˣȻҹҹϸ裡
椵ʼˣѵԼ뿪ô𣿲ܿ죬ܿ뵽Ҷ˵ʱݴʣ
㳪ʲô裬ôҹҹϸ裿
ʱҳþǣ˿ްɿްɲ
椺ܿģ֪ҶΪԼֱᣬ֮ÿ춼Ż椣ԲŻÿ쵯ЩҶҵˡ
ţҶ˾Ϳʼ˵飬ÿ춼£˯ܼңѧϰȻмҲٵȤ£Ҷ˲ȤµȤ¡
С̵ʱ򣬻һҶ˵С̱һˣòŮ˫Ĺھʱ򣬻椺ǻɵʵүС̱һ𣿲һ֮ڣ
ҲѹỳɣҲСͬѧһʱ䣬Ȼ֪СǰĶλҶֱڴ漣
Сһֱˣһ뻶ϲһǳ
ϲǣҶչˣ˻ˣǳǣҶϲС̵ĲҪԼΪյıԼóԣҲԼ١
ԭ˹һֲ̬飬Ǹʱôӳģ
˵˹飬椸ӽˣҶ˼򵥵˵̣֪̲ô򵥣ܶʱ򶼻׷ϸڣÿһζľ
ҺãүһЩֵļܣȻĻҾҲˡ
ǰɣʮˣһ˾ͿסҶ֮סʮʱ򣬻椴סˡ
֮ǰ˵սƴΪԼû뵽Ҷȴһ˶ԸʮˣҶһҲû⣬еıˡ
ҺĵҶˣҲڸˣ
£Ҷ˭û˵⻹ǵһ˵Ҳ˵ҶĿ֮еĵλ
ţҶ˵ԼӮһҶǡ
һ椣ȴӶţѪ飬ȸ۹ıͬʱҲ˻ʵ̫󡭡
ˣҶˣСС
椲֪СʲôˣոֻҶ˵һܣȴ֪ܽʲôʲôӡ
ܿ죬СͳҶ˵ߣʱ䲻ӣ
Ǹܣȫһǿү̫ˣҶ˵Ľ֮󣬱㾪˵
Ұɣٺ٣ҾôģҶڻǰǲǫģǽԿš
ǰǰ㣡ү˵
ŶǸʱҪȥʥǱһ£Ȼ㣬û뵽һߡҶ˾Ϳʼ˵ˡ


425 䣨3
Ҷ˵˵ʱ䣬Ҳһ飡
ȵҶ˵ʱ򣬷ֶֶˣҺܶܶʱѾҹˣӦ˵Ѿ賿ˡ
Ҷ˵黹Ǽ򵥵˵һ£Ҫϸ˵ĻƻҪ˵ܶܶ졭
ڷʱѾô֮󣬻椾ȥҶҹóԱ֮ϴϢ
ϵȻǻ椵ĴɲҶ˯ԼܵܵζĴҲҶ˴ķ䡣
Ҷͬ˯֪죬һʮʱ򣬶ѾŮбʱԣǲҶ˯ԼĴϡ
Ҷ˯ȻǴһ˯һߣҶ˯һ𣬱Ͼֳ˺ܶ࣬ͬ˯ǲõġ
ֻǣƺûע⵽ԼȻͬ˯йŮ˯һʵҲ鲻˶ˣ
˵ˣﻹĹ뷿ƽʱܵܶûнҪ˵ˣ
ҪǱ֪Ļǹƺܿͻᳳ죡
ֻǰ˯ţһ˯öܰȣֱڶ졭
ƺһЩ飬Ҷ֮ǰҪ֪⼸궼ʲôΪʲôŶûԼ
ƺҪ֮Ҳһģ
ǵƺһ㡪
̩ѾͷҪô𣿾ǰѼ涼ˣҲҪôʱ䣡
ڻ岿æ߲һҪʿںջΪ椰ȫˡ
ǸСӣҵҪ㵽ʲôһɫȻѾͷеһС
ǸʱҪʿѧһһУȻؼץˣȴΪְ
ҲҺûлؼңȻҶ뻢˯һƻץ񣡣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˯˯ţ˴Ҷ˵Ļ
СôôҶ˽ʱ򣬱㿴һѤĳԯһıϣ˫ŷ峺ˮ֮С
ͻȥˡҶڻص
⼸첻ǶһôûĹԯеֵʵͬʱҶץ˹Լںıϡ
Ҫʲô취кܶ࣬Уôô
֮ǰǸǼٵģҵˣ

ԯΪ֮һ㶣Ȼеҡҡͷôϴ֪֮ǲˣ
ûУ椴ҵģˣҲֻ˵˵Ҷҡҡͷ˵ţ⻰֮ƺ̺һС
̫ˣҲֻŻң㣬㼸½ޡԯ΢Ц˵ԸоҶ뻢ָ֮飬еĽģͬʱҲһʼɵġ
ԯ˵ģֻл椲ŻҶˣҲֻӵҶ˶ĸ飬Ǳ˵Ľ˵ġ
ԣҲŲ㣬ֻһ椣ҶЦ˵Цݣƺ⡣

й˺ܾãõҶ˶ܷе㲻Ծ
ιԯôߣҪ˯ʲôʱ򣿡Ҷ˷ԽãҲʹ˯ʱԽá
Ҷ˵ν˯ģԯƺеˣ߰˵Ѿʼ˯ˣҲϰߣϰ˯Ҷ˳֡
ʲôʱҾϲ˯ԯûػص˯ԭҪ˵𣿵ȻΪҶˡ
ˣʲôʱˣôû˴šҶе֣ƽʱ˯һ㵹û˹ܣôĻʱҲᱻ˳ѡ
һ£˶Ҷ꣬Ȼ֪Ҷ겻ߣϰ߸оǴڡ
˵Ҳе֣Ҫ˵椰Ҷ˵ŵĻͲˣڻҲҶ˵Ļ˯ʲôԵʵĻѾ˴ˡ
ȻҶˣȴڹעˣ椵ĸף̫ʋŵȣȻǸԵĿǲһģֻһҶ˾뻢˯һôá
ûдŵԭҶڻ֪ʱֻ˯ԼĻУǱ״̬ͺص֮֮ǰ£һֱŻ˯
Ǹʱ򣬻СǸоĴûκε覴á
ȻˣڵҲһȻ˶Ѿˣϣ˴֮ĸȴ뵱һ
Ҫ˵һĻԼӵˡ
ʱҶһϰԵ飬Ǿ͵͵һ»椵Ķͷǰ飬Ǹʱװ˯ʱ򣬻˯š


426 ԭ1

Ȼ˵˯ˣҶоҲϤ⶯Ҳļ˵ʱ̫ˣѾˡ
ţӦ̫ˣˣ֮ǰһֱͶڡս֮УΪָӵԵʾͺϢϳˣľ͸ˡ
ȻҲûϢһֱҶ˵úƣ룡
ҲΪϲ˯Ҷ˵ĻУоҪһֱ˯š
ֻǡ
椣ѣ̫ɹƨˣ
Ҷȫ飬ֱŻеĻ椣椸ѡ
ô˰үȵȵȣȥ׼ˮϴ˹˿ʱ׼ȥˣҶȫûκεƢ
˯ʱҶ˴ˣҲзƢĿܣοѾ˯ˡ
֨
椴˷ľţһ̣һ£ֻΪе㷴Ӧ
Ի⻹Ϥķ
ôˣ
Ҷ˷椵ķӦһûбǰԻֻ˵ûʲô㷢ʲô
ûʲôе˵ҲûʲôҲֻ˵ĳҲֻûз仯
ⷿӻԭķӣֻһҹ֮䱻˺ܶණǱǿϴٹһ
⵽ô£ô˯ô涼ˣҾȻ˯椲ɻǰͬʱҲڰԾģԼȻôûо
ʵⲢֻܹûоԣһпܴʵһ˲飬ͬʱҲ˹ѹ⶯³ˡ
ûеȻõʱѾ˵ĶУȻ棬йŮģǾͲ𣿡
ȥ椿һֻԶԶվشţһֻ꣡
ŵȣҼʲôе㲻ˬ˵ŵȣٳ֡Ҷ˵֮󣬻椶ͱûøС
ŵҲһ˹ģ߻һè̫ʋ
Ӵ̫ʋҲڰǶͦġҶЦŴк˲ûз֮⣬̫ʋźøУȻøǺ޵ġ
硭ŵ̫ʋеˣʱͦģȴˣ
үôôԺҪˣǶʲôˡ֪Ҷ˵ĳٶۣ֪ʱǱˣһûв
ǣҲǻ˰Ҷ˴ػش
仰ŵ˵ĶУƺ뻢椵е㲻һ
ŵΪҶΪǽͣ˵һˣǻ˵ĻȻҲǺˣ
Ȼܿ죬˾Ҷ⻰˼ȻûбͣҲڰ
椵ͷ˵ţûдҲǻˣֻڲò֣
ŵһʱۣûа취ȥΪԷ˵ԼǻѾܺˡ
Ȼ˵һεսֻϰҲ֪㲻˺үүΪ»Ҳģﲻӭǣǻ뿪ɣ£ܻǹһӣŵ֮䲻ô򵥾ͻԹ
˵һŵٱɵֶҲãҲãֻҪҶǣ棬ļǹҡ
Ҷ˾ۣκһ£
Ȼ֪һ㣬Ϊʲô׵ķѵôҪ𣿡ŵһʵ⣬ԽԽ벻ͨ
ļƻ֮УҪ뻢̸û椲ԼԼּۻֻۣû뵽ǣ椾Ȼ˵ʹӦˣûκεԥ
ԺٻشˣҲүһίһ㶼ԣ椵˵˵ʱѾˮ׼ãźҶϴװ

ŵȳĬ椵Ļдܶ࣬ڶѾҶڻеĵλԼй֮޲
ףΪʲôҶ˵ŮūȻҶĸ飬ͬʱȻź
ôߣźҶ֮󣬷ŵ̫ʋһ߷ŵ飬̫ʋǿԼ߷
Ҳû⣬Ϊ̫ʋΪĽԼΪ̫ʋƵļȴҶˣ̫ʋˣǲеģҶصĲ
ʵϣ̫ʋȷڶԱȣǶԱȼźҶ˵ķҲҶ˵ŮūҲһźҶˡ
û֮ǰԼѾźҶ˺ˣȴ֣ǲ
ѹڵһ۾ϳˣȻ˵֮ǰϴˣƺ˿ûӰ졭


427 ԭ2
ڵһȥѾǺܾˣŵ˵ƽû
ˣ׽ҹȥ֮󣬲顣
ΪǲŻ㣬ȻԸȵ飬ֻû뵽˸֮⣡ŵҡͷε˵
鷳ˣллˣȻܲˬȴҲûʧˣһʡ
ʱŵ˵һ˲ĻСŮˣ˵˾֮Ĳ˵㣡
椲ˣ˵Ļ˵˭ոԼΪǰ˾֮
ѵ˵񲢲ġ
Сô£ǿһҪǿпʱ͹ǡҺӵÿ죡Ȼ³ҵļҾһˡŵȿһվŵСµ˵š
ˣԭϴԼҵĲǿҶ˵ıС
ˣСκ˴ǣֲöʱˣû˳ǣҶҲƺˣСָš
Ҷ˵Ļ֮ŵȴ˴ҶˣȻ󿴿ĬСе㾪ȵʵˣ
ţҶ˵ͷ
ǹԵģԼСŮţŵ¶ӵı顣
ŵȵĻ˵Ļһᷴһ£ŵעԴǣҶ뻢ȴû⣬ȫӵ仰Լ顣
ΪȥͣýͣҶ˵ĹϵǺѽ͵ģҶˣ֪ŵ˵ķ棬ԼǺܿ뻢˯һ
𣿡
ŵȿŻϴϣʵѾ˺ܾãѾе㲻ͷˡ
Уүûгͣ鷳ȵȵȣүҪʲô
棡
ѾԹˣҲѾûˣùˡ椾֪Ҷ˻˵ѾˣѾûа취ˡ
˵ʱ򣬾ͻ𵱳үյľƵ֮е˵ΣҪЦȻסˡ
Ǿ͸ţǴ棡Ҷ˵
֪ˡʣ椵ЦûסˣЦˡ
ŵ˲⣬ʲôЦģЦ˻ǸСŮ
ҪҪҲһ룿ڽȥʱһ£ȷֻ˳һ£Ϊ֮Ҳûеȴ𰸣ֱӾͽˡ
ŵڳĬһ֮󣬱̺Ҫ룬ǵ緹ûأ
緹ҲûԣҪ룡Ҷʱӻ

үڳԵľ緹ѲɻҪͲ
˭
ڻ³ʱ̫ʋǽȥæˣŵȴҶ˵ߣҶߵСе档
ϾҶ֮ǰʱƤӵ£ûŮô֪ܲҲ϶ڻ椵ûŮ
׼ȷ˵岿֮УмŮ֪ģмûСĴڡ
СҶ˻ص˵֮󣬱ûнŽС
ڵò𰸵£ŵȼΣʵʲôˣ
СﰡҶ˻ص
ʵʲôݣΪʲô
ҵСΪ

ŵȷ֣ԼȥõĴ𰸶ǲģûзֱΨһʵľССҶ˵ˣһŲ֪
һ㣬ŵº֤ʵҶ˵˵ȥô𰸣
֮ȥһСԼСôܻشС˽⻹㡣
ŵ֮УѾ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻһС

ôүʲô飿椴Χȹ˳ϻһ˫ӣ֮С
ΪʲôӶˣҪûطҶָѾϣ̮ڵϵľΡ

ŮһĬһᣬȻͬʱҡҡͷ˵ڲŷ𣿡
ովôãڲзӦҲ仡Ҳ̫ˡ
ʲô
ʲôʲôүǱСٵģΪֹ˵ȴǡ˵˵ţֽ˳
ʲô˵ȣǲǣǿǺģѾʼܽεϰɹҲҪŵȵ˵ƺû˵Щ֮󣬻СزһС䡪
֪үԼϰֶˣ
Ҷģģһ㣬ʵ˵ʲô


428 ԭ3
ûûʲôŵȲæ˵֪ҶˣҲһôο塣
ʰʰҶҲ⣬֣Ȼ㿪ʼʰӣʰӱȽرЩƵĶԭˡ
ֻҪڣԽԭֻ˵ϵģڵı仯޷ƵģⶫԼģ˽ġ
ŵȴؿһ棬ڻ֪Ҷһʿ֪Ҳ֪Ҷ˿һ㡣
˵ڣܱ仯κεĶȻܱκζҪõȵĲϣ仯ҲǺܶġ
Ҷ˾ǽֱ仯չֳȻҲ˵һ㣬黹ǱȽ׵ģ󲿷ʿ
ֻҶ־Ϳ԰쵽ģǾͲˣ
үˣڳ֮󣬲ûŵȣƺʲô鶼ûзһͺûзԼļҾѾԭˡ
⣬ǣڻ椶ԣŵȾ̫ʋķӦģԾӣС춼ȥһ
ˡҶ֮󣬱ܹȥ²ˣҲûˡ
ŵȣʲôոЩǶѵΣСèŮԻʹøˡ
ǵģûΣˣŵ˵
ô᣿СèŮԴϳʺš
үԭģ˵ѣŵȻû˵ʱ򣬻ѾΪش𣬶椵ĻҲŵˣΪʲô֮ǰûκεľ֮⣬ԭΪѾ֪ôһ¡
Ŷ
СèŮˣһ֮󣬱ҶһˣĶҲеˣովǱߵѾܾˡ
ɺϵĻĸһһ棬еŮ죬ǻԵһϰҲһ
ڣȴΪҶ˵Ĺϵһ𣬲ҶҶ˳棬Ȼ֮ǰŲ죬ڲϵʱǻǺܺġ

֮УһȺҲͣѾٵֻͣΪȺ֮ǰļۣƳˡ
۵ļؼڻڳ֮УȻռ䲻ͬҲͬ͡
̩Ǽû𣿡Ҫ̧ͷʵ
ûУǻش
⼸ѾͷʲôһеҲȥҲһԴˣҪеͷʹҲֻͷʹһᣬϾͽ档
Ȼ˵̩ż۵ĹؼȴҲǱǶģڽ֮ǰڲҲ̫Ҫ
ڳ֮̽뼤ҵ֮С
һΣʤ˹ŵȵˣӦöʸ񣡡
Ҳͬ⣡Ȼʤ˵׵ԵʻΪŵвСŮ̩ţĻѾˡ˸ո˵꣬һ˱վԡ
ˣ֮ǰռƵģųСŮҲʤԣų
Ҳˣ֮ռƣΪ塮үİæ
æôս֮УֻҪõҲʲô⣬ֻ
ֻ˵Ļһεϰʲô壿һΣҪǿ˵
˫ֿʼҵ˫öͣһ֪ϰ˫սֱ֮ǰ˫
Ӫ֮⣬֮УдһǾǾĹؼͬʱҲ˫£Ķ
ȻˣҲȨĲУǻ侲飬ֻὲʵᱻκһ£
һֻѡ֮ˣһʤǻǽΪʸ˱ȻյѡȨĲ˵
ŵȣ˹è̫ʋԼӪģڶԷӪģǵȻһû
һ췽ҲͬѡԼ֮ˣҲûһڶԷӪ
һһҲѾ뵽ˣƺҲҪһ㣬ŲڷŹˡ
ֻǣͷʹĻѡ֮˫ֻῪʼΪʵûа취ѡ˫ƽݣǺ췽һ㣬һ㡣
޵
ڳʲôһŵԻĴֳ֮еǵĶ֮С


429 1
ۡȵȣС˭塭ѵǡڻشʱȴˣȻһꡣ
ˣǴ˵еǸүһߵŮͿ֤椣ŵȣ̫ʋڳ˶ʶġ
̩ţù𣿡еҪʿڴ˿̷
ҡҡͷ˵᲻ãûа취
Ҫʿʱû뵽椾Ȼش𣬻ĳֻǱΡ
ʱҶҲҪʿڿҪʿ֮˫۾ûƿһֱš
Сӣ㿴ʲôҪʿǲˬ˵ͶҶˣԼŮ߶߶ģھȻԼԼʲôš
ڿ㡭Ҷ˺ʵػش
ʲô
֪ڿӣֻ㿴ʲôطʲôÿģ
ҶЦЦ˵ͷ

仰Ӧ˵ĲŶԣŶˣڿĻͷǲǺ˧
뵽ʱҪʿ̧Դе㽾ӣֻάһᣬΪܿͻᱻҶ˴ܡ
ǲǴߣҶʵ
Ҫʿһ㶡
үеҶˣ֪ҶԻʲô
Ļͷߺܺÿ棬ܸܲҲŪһ

ͷҵͷҵͷҪʿȻƺԼ̫ˣܿͰڻ̬
ôһС
ͷ𣿡Ҷʵ
ǧȷҪʿǽͷһֱڣ˲ҪÿƯҪ
ͺһȫûһҶ˲̲˵

үǻ峤ͬʱҲҵĸףʱ˵ͬʱҲҿҪʿݣȻҲ˳ҿԼݡ
峤ĸףǻ椣㲻ǻСˣҶ˴ʵ峤ûȤֻĻ椡
Ϊ֮еĴ壬ʵѾһȣҲΪ椵ļ屳Ͱ
ô˵岻һ峤ĶŮûȨֻܿԼʵ椵ͷ˵
绢˵֮вǵѪҪĻǿʵ
ȻˣΪ峤ĶŮȻҲűһ˸׳ͷΪŸĻᡣ
˵ˣʲô飬ҲĸţԣҲһȨûУ
Ŷһ⣬ΪʲôôŮ𣿡Ҷ˿Ůֱӵʵĵ뷨һܶ˶ỳɵ뷨
뻢峤֮ʵ̫ˣò̫ˣ椳˶β֮⣬ûκεĻȻָϵġ
椵Ҳ뻢峤رһߴ࣬һСɰ
⣬ôŮ
ү㲻Ƕ˵鼮Ӧ֪ġû˵᲻ȥҶˣȻҶ˸ոյĻе
ʷϼأǰ˲Ҫ˵лͷа˰͵ģֻڵѾȫģˣѾˣ϶ֻжβ͡㸸ģ̫ϡˣУһ£ģģ仯Ҳ̫ˡҶƺŻɣû椺ΣʷһҪҶ˵ĳ嶯
ȻҲĴ򡭡
峤һĬ֮һ˿žŭ˵Сӣ㻳ʲôһûˣ㵹ãȸˣ
ˣʲôʣҶЩףǻǵһμɣʲôʿģ
ȻŮ飬㵽׸ŮʲôҩȻ㣬Ϊ㣬õĻᶼԷ峤˵
Ҷ˵Դ֮ϳʺţȫ峤˵ʲô
ʱ椲廰˵ף²ö˵ұͲȥ
椣˵ʲôҶɻʵ
Сӣ㻹֪һεϰսΪѡˣǰ֮ǣУ峤һԵµԭ
֮ǣһһεسУҶɻʵ
ǵģ˵ҫÿһ˶ҪȥĵطҾǴģ֮ܶһ仰Ժа峤˵
Ҷ˻ˣ֮ǰŵ˵椷Ķʲôˣԭǽ֮ǵʸ
ÿһʱ䣬֮Ǿͻ֣򿪴Żӭ˵ĴЩ֮УЩμ˸߲֮⣬һȺǱһڲμ֮󣬻Уʵ


430 2
һȺ˻Ͼδ쵼ߣڵĻ峤˵йģĻк峤Ҳһ
֪˵ȥ֮󣬱Ҫʮܳ椣㲻ҪȥȻҪʮܿˡҶͻȻӦʮ겻ܳǲ˵Ҫʮ֮ã
椻ûüش𣬻峤Ѿ˵ˣʮѣֲһ꣬ǻԻٶ꣬ʮ겻ң̩˵ҪС˵ĵط
ʮ꣬мʮꡭҶֹǻǳͨ˿ûô
үҶ˵֣Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴҶ˴ˡ
ǸʱҶ˴Цݣ˵ûµģ椣ʮ꣬ȥɣ
ҶȻ᲻û椣ҲףԻ˵ȷҪٵһʮʮɣԼʮﵽҹ£СţҲµ
ҲȥģүѾ뿪ˣҲ뿪ʮꡭʮ̫ˣҡͷʵķԼδ
δԼδүһȥ֮ʲôϵǲǷֻһԼ޹ص顣
椵⻰֮󣬻峤˵̩ţǲǺͿˣ֪֪֮ǣ֮жģΪͷȴΪСӷˣ
ǰСŮѾһΣˣֵ𣿡ŵʱҲ̲ס˵
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôֵֵãֻ֪һӶҪүչүһж޹أ
˳ĬȻ֪Ҷ˶Ի椺Ҫû뵽ôҪΪʲôԸȥ
Уȥ֮ǣ㻹ĸףҪʱ򣬻峤ĻǿӲûһء
ûԥˣʧȥҶ˵ʮ꣬ҲʧȥԼĸף˶ԼǺҪģҶ˾ͿԲҪˣֻԶĸҪһѡ
椣ȥɣʮҲǲѾֿˡҶ˵˵һ»峤峤ʱ򣬿ƺе㡣
ǡ
ְֵĻТ˳ĸÿŮӦõģΪ˷ԼҸҲǱҪġҶƽ˵˸дܶࡣ
˵û֪Ǻ˿
Ҷ˵ĻҲĴ˻峤ģҶ˵Ļ֮иоһ˼ǾΪԼ椷ԼҸԼǲ̫˽ˣ
ʵֵԼҪ飬ǲõѡԼӦԼѡ
ֻ֪ԼҪһҪȥ֮ǣһҪȥɣ

үһҪúչԼʮǵҪҡ֮£ֻܽϲ˰š
Ҷһ»椣Ц˵ɵ椣ֲȥʲô֮ǿʱ䣬һ꣬ǻһһأ
ŶҶˣϰֺģôţΪϾҪȥһЦݺݵԹһ»峤
峤ҪԩҲֻĬĬܣѾˣϣн֦鷢
ûʲô飬ǲǿˣҶ˿ҵǺϲĳ档
ӦûʲôˣǸףǾˣҲûʲô飬ͶԻ峤
ŵȵĲ²֮У峤ǲô׵ȥȻĻ֮ǰôôҪҶصعȥǡ
ֻǣŵȸеǣ峤ֻǼ򵥵˵һ䣺ûˣȥɣ
ڻ峤˵ҪľҪһҶˣҪ֪ҶʲôˣոսӴҶ˻
Ҷڴ·棬ǱȽϿԵģ
С£ڻ˵ȫ⣬СǻȲ˵ص㡣
Ҷˣŵ̫ʋȴߣΪǻҪµսǶҪȥ֮ǵˡ
ȻˣŵȵλƺȽף̫ʋͱȽˣ̫࣬ҲǺͻ
˾þϲ̫ʋҲѡˣⲢǶŲСʵ
ֻҶ˶̫ʋӡһֱһĿɰСèŮ
ҲܹҶ˳ٶۣһֱ̫ʋǰҶ˵ŮūΪŮūӣһֱǺġ
˵̫ʋ֪ǰҶߵӣͻףŮūǺǿģܽһеΣɨ壬Ҷ˿ƽĶɹ
ڣڰҶųһһҶ˵ͷȥҶ˵ʱֽȥ


431 꾫1
ҶǺ޲ǰ˵椣֮ǰʲôΪʲôŶأ
Ǹʱڱ֮УΪԺԸõıү㣬ųصģҶˣүô𣿡һ£ҪҶ˸϶Ĵ𰸡
û˵һ㣬ǾҶ˵ɲֹһ飬ÿпվͻӿռóҶ˵ſţȻ󷢴
ţҶ˵ͷ
⻰ȻǺܸˡ
԰ҲؾۣôȥˣĻʲô尡ҶͻȻ뵽һ㡣
ؾˣҸ׸Ҫʵ˵ź꣬˺ܶ࣬ͰҸϵϿ֮ءȣ֮ûһˮƽ޷ġеε˵
ʲôˮƽҶʵ
ԴĹؼģ椺ܲػش
ŶҶҲûȥˣĸǺģʲôģ˵ǺҪ
˵ĻһᾪȻ椵仰ܴؼģǾͱ켶ˣôؼʲô׶εĶûֱָӺؼ
˵Ѿ켶ĻҶƺ켶ʵŮⲻ֪ôȥ˵źá
켶׶βŮԽģеţټȴһӳе޷ܡ
ã֪˲࣬ԯʥŮĴڣһֱûгڴ½طҲû֪
ҪҶ֪µĻԼڽӽ켶Ľ׶ΣԼӵ֪ȴѾ켶Ժʲô˵̰
ͻģҶ֪߹δܲѹסƺؼûн룬ȻҲֻǳ⡣
ƺǲܣʶһ֮УֻſǿӦоǡ
Ҷ磡
Ϊʲô˵Ҷ磿ܼ򵥣ֻҪҶĵڶ˸֣켶ҲҪܼ֡
Ȼ˵ƵĻһѡҲʵֲŮţĻǲģΪҶ˲ûжĽֻɺϵ¼棬Է
ҳ֮Ѿ뿪աү˹߱λ𣿡һ㣬椻е㲻š
ǵģһ̬ģҺǰҺûʲôϸ𣬲ȻһᱻҶ˵ͷ˵
Ҷƺ˵úɣһҲãԼʵѾ˹¶ˣСʱʼѾˣ֮ĴŴ飬ǸҪ˵ˡ
ûйϸ𰡣ѵСʱ۸𣿡û˵ţԼүѾ¡
Ҽǵãģҵô۸ţҶ˶ԴôһӰ죬ǳģţһ֪顣
֮Լһֱ뻢һ𣬶ڻ뿪֮Լ˹ºͼ棬һǳʱһξıʱ
֮ǰǸʱ˹˱ţôܱ۸
Ǹʱ㲻߹𣬰˹Ǹʱϲһģ鷳ǰ˦㻹ǵðɡ˵
ǵðǸʱһСѾͷƬӣǿ޿ģźܷġҶ˺ֱӵػص
ǸʱҶ˺ֻ꣬˹ֻꡣ
֮ûиˣҲгǰֱһ֮Ҳûгֹˣ椼˵
һΣҶɻʵ
һΣǲҼҾƣҲ֪Ƿʲô飬Ͱ˹߹ϲȥˣ㲻֪԰˹ʲôǸʱʱȴ˵֪΢΢ЦţǰҶԺɰӣ;ú档
ʲôû˵ʲôֱ𡣡Ҷ˵
ûֱֻ֪£ǸСʱ飬ӦòġЦ˵ԴҲǺ⣬ֻҪһ¶ѡ
椣Ǹʲô
ҶҲ⣬Ѿ岿֮е˹ȥ˻ܿˡ
ү㡭׷ȥ

椣ǹѾʮˣҲԼı仯
ϣҶ뻢椻ǺһһǹһŲ迴飬ÿ춼ڽе飬ҲǰҶҵϰߡ
ڵǹѾǵǹˣƼĸݣѾӵһȫԼǹ


432 꾫2
ҲҶҪģһֱÿ˵似ǲͬģν似ģǻģҪñ仯
ڻ椵ǹҶ˿ݣǾǡ
椰һСŮôǹоϺֵ˵
ûˣɰСŮǹȷ˸е죬ǵУôɰСŮȻЩʽ
Ҷˣ˵椲ǴߵĻǹٰҲãҲöԷľ
Ȼˣ˵մѪȵĻҲͬЧֻԭ
үСŮǽûʱ䣿
ʱһֻСͻȻҶ˵ǰҶ˲ͺһڣС껹һֻŵȡ
ûʱ䣡СβҡҡӣҶ˺ܸɴؾܾˡ
ˣһ°ɡСڴĿҶˣ˫ġ
Ҷ˺ܸɴظӣϵڶĻû˸ϵһˣ˭֪ҶžͰ˸ǵġ
ŵȣ㲻ҪүˣҪһֵĻү棬ֻÿûûˣŹ֣չ֮󣬱ëСĵĲţͬʱŵȵĳ֣Ҳƽ
ʱŵһҶˣĿľΪҶ˽ɳݣȻ֪ʵսҪԣҶ˵ıܼߵľ
үˣһ֣ұ֤һֻһ֣ŵҲҶ˵ӣҡҡ
ԴˣҲûȥܣΪҶ߶һŮӣⲢܵķΧֻҪŵûжͿԡ
ȴе㲻ϰŵӡ
ŵȣ㻹һ㣬ҪһСŮȻǼƲߣҿźܱŤ
Ϊ밡үǰҴһʲôðŵЩε˵
Ҫᣬ⻰˵ҶжĴΪҶ˵ĴЧΪҶ̫ٶˣᵽˣĴҶֻᰴԼ뷨
ԣ£ŵȺܸɴѡֱӵİ취ҪʲôͺҶĥĥͬΪ֮⵹ҲʧΪһð취
˵Ҳǡ˵֮󣬱ϴ׼͡
Ǿһ֡ҶһӣԺ֮оͳһɵͼǸ߼ɳ̣ɵġ
ڱ˻еѶȣ˵Ҫ򵥵Ķ࣡
ţŵȺ̨νĿ̨ǿԸı涫ĹĻĴĸоһġ
ŵѾǵһԶԴ˼ȲȣҲİ
һˮսһӵжʮϤˮսһңˮս
Ҷ˵սʵǳ֮սһЩսŵݣԭģġ
Ҷ˵ģ֮£˱ģ֮⣬Ȼأɳݱøӵ
үˣж椶ͳʱҶŵڽнŵս
Ҷŵȵݣ֮սȫͬˣΪָŵĲͬսòͬʤĽȻҲǲһġ
ΪʲôҪþսݣʵҪľԱȣԱмĲͬҵܶԼҪĽĵط
椼Ҷ˻ŵȽսźҶ˳Ժȣһͬʱʾ졣
ءҶſҧһڣ˼¡
ߣ㻹Ļܣַſڰ
Ҷźţŵȵе޺޵ģ֪ǼʻĽҶźƺܲˬ
ˣ
Ϊŵȵ鲨սԾͿʼе󣬱Ҷץˣݺݵشˣ
һ´̽䣬ھһܺõ֣
ܿ죬ŵȾͰ
ˣҪģļɻ䣬ȻžǻҲһᱻɻơ
ҶջȻһеĺȶ
β㣬һΣŵȶԴ˵ȻǲˣҪҶһΡ
˵һξһΣˣҶ˺ܲػص
ŵؿҶˣؿţòϣԼҶ˵ģԼΡ
ֻǣǲܵģ
ҶôܻΪأԣŵȰˣҲùˣٽ컹ջģټ
үҪ컻źɣŵЦ˵
ҪҶ뻢ͬʱ˵椿ŵȵӾͱý䱸ˣȫһжԵӡ
֪֪ˣֻҪһ椾͹ˣСŮ㲻ҪֻǿЦǲλãҲ߰ŵȷЦ֪Ѿ˽Ҷ뻢椡


433 꾫3
ŵ֪椾㿪κЦ⣬ֻҪǣҶˣǾͲͬˣ˭вҶ˵ĹϵҲý䱸
ֻ벻ͨǣҪĹϵǺܼ򵥵ģźԼүô򵥣ûġ
һ꾫椣ǲҪˣߣȥ䣡ҶŻ椱ˣŵȡ
ߣ˵Ǻ꾫꾫ʲô˼үŵȾҪҶ˺ĵףҪѺ꾫˼Ūˡ
ҶѾһ˵Ǻ꾫Ȼ֪ʲô˼Բʲôû˵ġ
һ㣬Ҷ˾Ϳ϶˵˵ģһЩ֪ܵŮˡ
ֻҶ˻û˵꾫ʲô˼ⲢҶ˲ŵȣʵԼҲеԺ꾫ڲͬʱڿȫͬ˼
꾫ֵģϹʱڣһȺԺΪͼڣݴ˵ҲΪһֻβ׺ʼȢӣĳĿ
ĵλΪ磬롢һĴ֮һ
ʯ̻שУоβáܡĸԣʾ顣ܽ˵£ëɫͣӹ֮ǰС󣬷ʱͷԼĶѨǲ
ǧ÷ǳģ
Ժ󣬺꾫Ϊĵλ½ǰԺĺûȫûˣʣµĶЩĴʣɡġ֮࣬ΪʴӪˡ꾫ͳĴʣޣδ
ĺ꾫֪ʲôʱƽƺˡ
и˰Ѻ꾫дôһûиıòƾ䡭
ЩҶ˲ǺŵһĻ͸˵ի£Ļ׺꾫ʲô˼ˡ
ºҶ˵ȷˣŵȾϲϺ꾫ƺţҶ˽꾫ʱҶôһΪѡ
˼Һúõһңôܽ˼Һ꾫أ
ȻҶǽˣΪֻһΪѶѣŵӵΪѡ
Ҳû֪꾫˼Ҳûж⣡
꾫ŵȰŵȰ꾫
Ҷ˲֪Ϊ꾫ƽˣں꾫ǶһŮİǼǻΪһĻ
һʣΪʱĲͬ˼ȫͬһòһҲǺ飡

椣⸽ûУҶҪܼˣаܼҵʱˣǴεҽǮǮ֮ӵеĲƲǺֲܿġ
˵ǰܼҵЩϣƺýȥˣ⵽ǰܼһ׬Ǯأ
Ѿû˿˵ˣ
ҶֻҪһκݺݵİܼңԼĿռָģٿտҲ
ûСҡҡͷǻ岿䣬ôܻУֻĵطŻС
ڲ䣬󲿷ֵ˶ϲﻻȡԼҪĶ֮䲢ûʲôضļ۸ĵطôܻأ
Ȼǲܵģ
İǾȥгҶ˵׼ȥг
гһõطûõĶЩûõĶҶ˾ͺô
˵Ҷ϶ǻг
壬ҪˣʲôûýҰɡ
Ҷ˵г֮Уƺ˲ٺöȻûжҺýﻹǿʹõġ
ƽӲͨʲôʱʲôطǿԵǮʹã
ʵϣг˿ﻻ֮⣬ƷƽȻҲûƽƷ
г֮УиٷչĵطרչûõĶЩǶ˵Ǳ߷׬ǮǻͶڽ֮У߷ֺ
˴ĵطǲ˽ģӻ椵ļҾͿԿΪһ峤סĵطͨ˼Ҽ졣
ۣҪˣҶ۷ؿһӾͺһһ
ŵ˳Ҷ˵Ŀ⿴ȥַһ̯ӣһЩƤһЩƤǺܸ߼Ƥݡ
ֻǣԻ椶Ҷ˵˽⣬֪Ҷ˶ƤⶫǲȤģһƤʲôϣҶ˲Żô˷ܡ
ϰ壬ôҶָеһƤ˵
Ըһʲô̯ӵʵ
ֻнңҶ˺ֱӵػص
ңһҰɡƤƺԽҲҪһЩƤſֵôࡣ
߼Ƥݣֹһңʮܣ


434 Ϯ1
ãҶ˽ҵݸ̯Ȼ׼öˡ
үڸ椷ҶõĶƺƤƤ˦ˣոָŵһҲӵһȥˡ
ιιλүʲô˼̯Ҳ֣Ҷʲô
ҵĶѵҪ𣿲ѶңҶͣס֣̯ʵ
ûУǻ˵һԾŶ̩СͿ֤̯Ҳһģʶ椣ҶƺǺ졣
ţүҵ˼Ȼ˵ˣͲᷴڵģ椵ͷǿ϶
ȻǾͰѶҰҶ˵
㣡̯̰ѸոҶָŵƤݸҶˡ
ҶƤĬһᣬȻֽƤ˻ȥǲˣңҪĲ
ǣոָŵġ̯еԻȻóոհڸƤָˡ

ֻ̯óʱҶ˻˵ǣ̯˺ܶţҶ˷ˣ
㵽ҪʲôԼðɣ̯е㲻ͷˣΪҶпǴˢԼ˵ǿ̩СϣѾҪҶսһ
ҸովҪԼõģǵҡÿҶҲ˵Ŀֱȥö

ڴ˿̣˶סˣֻΪǿҶõĶȻǡ
ʯ壡ЩƤ֮µʯ壡
үڸʲôʯʲôŵȴʵʵ벻Ҷʲô˼
λүҪ𣿡̯ȵʵ
ţЩƤ˵ûʲôãĻҿνҶ˽ʯָ֮УǵϵƤƽ˵
ˣûõĻͲҪˡ̯ҡҡͷΪܺıֳ̯֮ŲܱòõţֻҪͿԡ
Ŷ̯ȥĶҶҲ⣬һ仰֮󣬱ȥѰˡ
СŮô˵Ǯһʯ壬㲻𣿡ŵȱҪҶˣֻһһֱû˵;ˡ
үȻɣķӦʯԲͨʯ壡Уһͨʯ壬үҪĻҲȥһܼӣǮǲҪɵģƽ˵ţ飬úƽƽ
Ҷ˵İܼΪû֮ǰѾˣ椲Ҷ˰ܼ֮ģ
仰˵ҶܼҵĻҲͲҶ˵ߣܻ˵ߵŮūܻèŮ̫ʋһҿܻһ㡣
ҲԭҲΪѾϰˣԻ椶Ҷ˵İܼңûκεķУĬĬ֧֡
椵Ļ֮ŵǳĬ˺ܾãŻ⻰˼˼֮ƺҲˡ
үʯʲô⣬ŵȵĺĻһڣҪ֪ΪʲôҶ˶ʯȤ
һܣһҲģʵʯǡҶ˺С˵ţһصӡ
ʱŵŶ䣬òĶ䱾ŵģ֮ܶǺȥҶ˵ĽĻ
ͬʱ椿Ҷ˵ı飬΢΢һЦȻҡҡͷ֪Ҷ˽Ҫ˵ʲô
ܣ
ʲôŵһʱûзӦ
ܣ˵һܣǱҶЦ˵Ȼһˡ
ŵȴ˴ȻŷӦţ˵ߣˣңңǶʲô
˵˵ˣһҲģҶڱץ֮һӣŵǺֺЦ
ôһˣô˵Ҳˣү͸ҰɣŵЦ˵
˵ҪˣҶڻؾŵȵͬʱڼĲɹΪ
үҵүŵȿʼġ꾫ơҡҶãıҶС٣ͺڶԸһ
ˣˣС꾫ҸɣʵҶЭˣֻǣĴȴŵȸе
Ҳ֪ⶫʲô
仰һʵҶֻǸоʯ岢ͨĶ̺һЩĶʲôҪоһ²֪ڵǲ֪ġ

ɫõĴŵҪץ
С꣬㻹ءԺҪȥү⣬ʱԼ֪ġ椹ŵȵļ򣬲һܿĵЦݡ
ûҾڳЦ㣬˭ү⣬Ϊ⼸ǻĺ죬ҾǼ飡
Ҫԭ㣬㻹Ҫܶ࡭


435 Ϯ2
㡭ŵҧҧϻסô죬򣿾һٸԼҲ򲻹˼ҡ
壬ŵȻһߣߣԸһǿԣ΢һģûκεİ취
Ҫͷһߣȥ֮˾Ҳħʦְҵ˵֮Уǿ֮˾Ҳһ켶ֶԿ
֮˾Ǻٺ٣Ȼı䲻ϵױ˰㡣

䣡
Ҷչʱһ߷һ죬һƬΧ֮ڣڻ岿ص㲿λ
ף˭̻Ҷ̧ͷһźŵ
ãױϮүȥСһ㡭ڿźŵʱ򣬾̴˳ȥٶȺܿ죬һӰ
źŵǱʾ峤ΣյźţΪŮĻôܻ᲻ԼĸףҲѹôļļļҶҲ˰ȫĽ
ԭ˼ҶȥΣյĵطôˣŵҲڱչˣҶǺܰȫġ
ʵϣҶ˲뿪ĻȷǺܰȫģϾĿꡣ
ֻǻ˵ķʽҶˣ˵ֱ˵ҶţҶӦþͻг
Ҷ˵ԼȥȥƺҪôĸ֣ϻ椣ԿӦκͻȻϮˡ
ڣ˵ԼȥҶ˵ǣȹȥˣԼӦȥ
ǣҶ˾С￪ʼˣ
үȵȡŵȿҶˣ̺׻椵˼Ҷ˲ҪӽΣյĵط
ŵʱĽӴ֮£ҲеϲҶүҲҶȥӽΣգǱߵ˿Դ顣
ǸʱŵҪ׷Ҷˣסֻȴķ֣Ҷ˸ǲ׷ϵģǲ׷ϡ
Ҷʵ̫ܵˣ
ү
ŵߣô׷ҶˣܿҶ˾ʧҲûа취ֻü׷
ȻҶܵӰ٣֪ҶܵĿĵأ
ʱ֮У峤һַԼؿڣĿ¶׹⿴ŲԶ֮ǰһˣ峤״̬ˡ
˴һ֣ҲǺɫģסԴֻ¶۾첿޷ȷʲô塣
˵ĲͻеȣӵȺҲġ
ʲôˣʲôĿģ峤Ǻŭʵ
ոյ峤ڻе㲻ף˳ֵ̫ͻȻԤףͺƾճֵһ
ں˳ֵһ̣峤ѾһؿڣΣ֮ʱĻѾ̴࣬ȻҲһغ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôˣٿԿ϶һ֣һһڰɱɱ֡
㻹ǹһԼʲô˲ҪҪȡеĳһ˵
㻹ȡ𣿡峤Ϣ˵ʱ򣬺Ѿ廤ΧˣڵĺӦҪӲŶԡ
ոȥˣҲܻӹԣ˵ûκεӰ죡˵һֱȡ峤ȫӱϵĻ廤
𣡡
廤һΧɱˣͬʱҲǱŻ峤ЩɲһˣǸ֣ôࡣ
Щ֣úܶΪ֮ͷʹǽʥˣôĸ֣Ҳȥȥɱ峤Ÿô
ֻǣȴϵҪԲͿˣͿĻͲܳҲ˻峤
Ҳ£ϿԿһ侲侲˿£
ǺͿ£Ļͱʾţſô֮ɱ˻峤ߣⲻΪ֪Ŀġ




ǼΧĻ廤һҽУϳһ˿ڣ˿ںܿðʺѪҺ

峤˶ɴ۾˭ûǼᱻһ˲䱻˽ԼԷôֵġ
⼸ȻǾ֣Ҳһӹ֣ȴ˼ɵһɵ̫˼ˣ
źţ
廤ܸɴ࣬ڿ֮󣬾̷źٴθ漱ͬʱҲȦСǵ峤
ȻûŪ˵ʵٿԿ϶Ѿһ˿ֲľ磬ҪСģС
ЩҪţҪȻĸֹ


436 Ϯ3
Щֿûڻ֮УǶǸȥˣһû˹ǣҲҪʲô飬ֻзˣҪǵʱ򣬲Żǳ
ԶˮȲ˽ǵЩֶڣһصزˡ˵˵ɱ˷źţʵ֪һ㡣
ֻһ˶ΣգǾǻ峤ֻ峤ѾбˣҲͲĹ˼ɷΧ֮ڡ
㵽˭ΪʲôҪɱң峤һʵ
ȥڤˣ˲ûнͣǶһˣҲ˵Щܡ
˵ͬʱһνˣ
ˢˢ
ֻܿ˶޷˵Ϊʵ̫ˣû˿Ըϣǻ峤Ҳֻǿһ㡣
ûѣΪ˵ʱ򣬺˵ĽѾջأѵĻᶼûС


峤ǰĻһƥѪ֮У֮ʵ̫ˣ޷赲˵Ĳ
ǶÿԼ
峤һȻǿѹƣ׼ҪǺ˶֣ʱ峤Ҳûİ취ˡ
Ļֻν
ЦˣЦȻܵȴܿмƺһֵֵĸо
峤
ǺڴʱǾԼǶôܣ˵ǻȴԼ峤ֻܿԼ峤ȥս
ն
һն峤һ˿壬ֻһһԿٶȻ

峤Ȼ峤һ˲㿪˹˾ûôˣֿ롣
峤ԽԽ䣬ǰʵ̫ǿˣ˵Լ˵Ļ֮һʱ䣬Ҳ
ڣԼˣѹסƣֵܼʱҲ̫ˣϣڼ˿Թæ
ֻǣֵ˭أ֮УʵܸԼ˲Ǻܶ࣬Щȴ档
һ׷꣡
Ȼ峤룬Ҳ峤ʱ䣬ҪսپʹһǿɱС
һ̣ؾͺֻʣº˵һѽ˶һִ·˵ĽͻȻˣǿԵĿһĴ峤
ֵǣȻˣԼȻǸϲϾԮ峤ΪƵԭҲһ޷㿪һӲһ֮⣬ûκεİ취
ֻǣӲһǽʲôģ˶֪ǽһǱɡ
ƺѾ˶֣ûⷢ£һһܽ峤ߣ
ʱ򣬻廤ڲȥͬʱҲ룬ΪʲôһֻɱԼ峤
ȻʱҲûж룬ֻ漣ĳ֡
ͣ
һƿԶ𣬵ȴԼٶȽӽֳ
δ֮ǰһתŵĳǹѾڻ峤ǰ棬ǹײǽ֮ϣûзֺ
أ
Ȼֻײǹ볤Ķȴ֮зײҷǿҵıը
һʱ֮䳾ǹ֮ǰĺ˰ΧУ޷ǹ֮˵֪ǹ֮˵˭
һ˲䣬ƺһоǹ֮˵ʲôˣֻǣȴе㲻š
ΪǵӰ֮УȻǿӦòǿ˵ĵز
ɢȥ֮󣬵ҿǹ֮ǽСıӰѾˣԭԼû
̩ţ
̩ţ
峤еԾĽеǰ֮˲ԼŮ˭أϤΣеǰ̩֮Уڸ𰸡
ֻǣҲһţԼŮôôǿ
ӸոյǾԮһǹͿԿóԼŮʵѾԼ
峤˵ĲţƺҲ˵Ƕڻ椵˽Ⲣȫֻ֪椵ʵѾԽͬˣȴ֪ԽĲͬˡ
Ҳܹǲ֪֮ǰ椶żɹûʩչȫҲҶ˸ģҪ͵Ҫâ̫¶
ҶҲ߹һĻͲҪһһһ˷
ףȵȥｻŮһűҪߵ̩֮Уһ߶峤˵
̩ţû⣿峤̲סʵȻոյһǹѾ֤˻椵ʵΪףе㵣ŮİΣ
ûģĺˡ
˵ʱͻȻһǰһǹͻϮǺˣʽͨûʲôرģٶȴǾ˵ģٿԽκ˾ס
һб֮ԼӦһĻͿܻᱻϴһ


437 ɱУ1
̩ţ峤˵ŮСͱ嵱Ůūʮ걻˻ȻһֱڱУ֮ǰϰ֮дչ֣Ԥеؼˮƽ
椵ϣõһ򵥵ϣ
û뵽ǣ㲻еؼˮƽѾӵ켶ʵװһʮͷСŮɾͣһ漣
˻Ǻܵ˵ţ켶֣˵ƺһ⡣
켶
˵֮󣬻˾ͱסˣôҲû뵽Сɰ̩С㾹Ȼﵽ߶ȡ
֪˭漣У㵱Ǹ˭Ϊʲôıͻ
㲻Ҫܣ㻹ȹܺԼҪ˵ûй˵ôķϻ
Ҫҵأ֪֪켶֮УҲǷֵȼģ㲻Ķѡ˲˵⻰֮⣬켶еĳʵҪ̩Ÿ߳ܶࡣ
ȼǸʲôЦһȻһǹǹӰˣ˵·ˡ
һƺû椵ʽ˵İԵͬʱʽ֮ƺûԡ
ûǺΪԾĵطΪҲһ㣬ֻܽ΢Сء

ֻóУǿʵȻ椵ǹ뿪켣ӶԼ
ɨǧ
ں˻ûлתʱ򣬻һǹɨֱɨ˵Ĳ
һԽܹ椵ĺɨǧȻˣҲǻ椵Ľڼ
ں뻢ˣԭǹõġ
֣˫֡
գա
Ť
ֻҪ뵽ļɣڻ椵̩֮棬һЩǴ벻ģ
ǹ
һں˹Լʱһǹ˵ؿڣһú˴ΪԾȻձܹҪȴҲ˲ʡ
ܶ궼ûгֵѾܾûмԼѪöµѪ
ȼȷ⣬̩С㣬⻰˼ˣüٶȽԼ˿ڰȻ΢Ц˵ǸʱѾ뻢椷ֿԶԶġ
Ѿ뻢椼ȥΪѾû飬ȥԼܾͻΣˡ
Ǿ仰ҲǷĵĸдʵĵȼʤĹؼոջȴõʵȼӦӲϾһˡ
ү˵ģȼֻһοʤĹؼ˵ǲҪˣҪߵĻҾͲˣ
㲻׷𣿡һͼźܶ˶Կóû뵽椾Ȼߣȥ׷
ʵǸ޷ץס㣬үҲ˵Ī׷椺侲˵
˼̩С㣬ܲеүҲܲлĻٺúдһ£飬ڰ˳䣬ҲҪҡЦЦ׼ǡ
⻰ʲô˼ҸǲģǾ˹һǴȥ˵
ЦЦ˵ģֻһΣʧܣͲеڶΣѾǱ죬Ϊ
ڤٻʱһ˵
ûµһɱףô֪˵ͷ˵ţͻȻме㲻Ծô֪ܵġ
ڤٻòŪֵģ֪¡
򷢳ˣһ꣬߻һŮ˾վ峤ıϡ
ʱ˿̣峤ƺѾȥû˸ոյͣ
˭Ϊʲô֮Уˣ
꣬ȻǸոܹҶˣʱ򣬿һۻ峤֮󣬾峤ߣΪ
ΪҶ֪峤һֲ˵Ķ
ôԵ飬˭֪Ҷ˺ܲ˵
Ȼ֪ڤٻǾӦףѾˣ˻ָƽ˵š
ţһ£ǱɣڤٻȻƣɱû𣡣Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ԭĿģǹ峤ûʱȥƣһ֣ϵĻѾˣԭ֮ǰ˲ɱ峤ͬʱʱ䡣
үȾҸףż˵
Ҷ˻û˵ʱ򣬱ѾȿڣܾȵģҽʱҲǻⲻڤٻ


438 ɱУ2
ڤٻǼ򵥵ͬʱŶһ֣޷ƽģ
˲ԣүһԣү˵ǰɣʵʱΪĸ׵Ĺϵʼе㶯ҡԲŻȥȷϴ𰸡
û취ڤٻѾɢȫˣ˵ոûжĻԽԼڵһʱ佫Ƴ鷳Ҷҡͷ˵
ڤٻʵһҩϣ֮󣬱Ѹٷֽ⣬ȻȫɢƻĻܡ
峤ھô֮󣬶ѾɢȫҪͱҳȫĶȻó
ǣôȥã
ûһʿԼЩʢţ֮£Ҳֻһ̾Ϣ˵Ǹ
ͨڤٻֵĻǾǲҲϣ֡
ⶫɱԽļƷֻܷҲңһ˻ҲʧˣڵѾû˻
еٻʵҲôһһεҪٷְɣҲóôصĶ
Ҫɱ㣡ŭˣһƿʼǣȫǹ˸ոյƣͺһһ㡣
֪˵ҶҲ˵ûа취Ļ½ҳ취ˣѾԼ׵̡
ǺǣһȸˣЦ˵ȴǰԾΪֻŭ֮ͱøӿֲˡ
ʱ򣬺ͻȻһ飬ͣס˽Ųؿš
椷˺˵Ϊͻͷһ£ԼĸױİΧȻ档
峤ˣҶǺأ
ҺãϻһЩǣȻھȲˣֻҪҵʱ䣬ǾͲˣҶЦЦ仰ǶŻ˵ġ
Ҷûа취ֹ峤ʱס峤ֻҪʱĻһǿа취ˡ
ʵҶѾ˾˵ľ취ֻ취Ҫһ׼һûС
㵽˭˿Ҷˣ׵ʵû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼ˵а취ȣһűǣ˼򵥵ʹñǡ
һ˵겻һ򵥵Ļɫ
ûò˭֮ǰӦñԼ֣㲻Ҫ˵Ҳ֪˭ԣҲ˭̫ԿˣҶ˺ܲ˵ñǽ峤Χ
֪˭˵Ҳͷһм˵
ʱ򣬺Ѿû˹ˣΪʱѾҶ˵ߣֻԼ׵
ҲΪƺ޼ɵˣվһŸжûС
Ӱ½ɱаߵĶɱ֣ͬʱҲڵһɱ֯һһĳԱһһɱּһɱֻɱһΣɹĸ
˳ĬȻҶѾ˵
Уһһɱ飬һŸˣȫǴ½ǰʮģһȴǵģҶ˼˵
ΪʲôôôӰüЩǺص飬֪ԼţҪ˵ϳԼ
Լ˵ģֻɱһΣֻһһŻʵҲڸߴңһ֣ɱ֮ӵʵ˲࣬һӵеǰɱеһģʵûǿһ붼磬İɱȴ̫̫߳ࡣ
Ҷǣ˵˵һɱ峤Ļ峤죬ӰӶ֣ᷢ
һγĬҶ˵ѾԵı仯𾪵ı¶졣
Ϊʲô֪Щһɱֵ飬ǶǺȷôô
ڵһɱ֣ɱֽ˽Ҳֻ֪࣬һɱ֮ûɱ˵ˡ
ҶЦЦ˵Ҫ֪ǽһ£˭ɱ峤ġ
ⲻܵģǲ㲻˵ˣβǳɹʧܣŲټˣǣٴθǵ׼ˡ
ȵȣҶ˺
ʻʲô𣿡ʵ
Ҫ֪ɱ峤ıǶ٣ӦûйϵɡҶЦʵ
룬Ȼشʮң
ʮ򣿣
˵һһ֣ɱֽٻıꡣ
ֲúڤٻˣõĻǻʵ̫ˣ


439 ף1
ҳһǸɱ˹ɱ峤ˣ˳ɱǣˣҶ˵һ仰һžʯƽĺУ涼
Ϊһľ޶ͬʱΪҶʽǴûмķʽûɱҪɱԼˡ
˳ˣʽίûмģ֪ǲǸ͹ء
ĺˣǲΥκһɱֵֻҪҵǮȻȥɱҪɱˣһίУҿˣ֪ܲܽܣҶƽ˵
Ҫȥһ£𸴣˲ܴӦΪòϹأ
Ϊһɱ֣飬ȻǮɱɱˣӦоһ죬ԼᱻɱɱԼ
ɱֲ㽲ʣҲʶԴֻǮɱˣ
ֻǾˣʵ̫ˣҪ˵
ԣ⼸ҶϣǾһܿ뿪Ҷ˵
ãǻᾡ𸴣֮ǰܲһ⣿Ӱʵ
ʰɣҶڻص
Ϊʲôôɱ˵
ǡҵ¡Ҷ룬֪ôȥݲźãһ˵
˳ĬƺǷܣӦǲŵġ
ˣֻϹµģֻǽӴʲôҲܴеõɱϢ˵ˣԼҲûкôɱ֮ǴʶԷ
ΪʲôȥҶ˵ݣʵΪҪΪҶ׾ͿԲ鵽ʲôˣҲͲҪȥ˷һ⡣
ټһĳˣһˣʧ˵ǰ
үҸ׵ôץҶ˵֣еǳʵ
ҶĻ椵֣οûµģʲô¶УȻ鷳ǿȫκõģǣҪһҪȥѶŪ
ʲôүֻҪ˵һҳ˵ʱǳƺҶ˵Ϊүʱ򣬿ʼе㾴ˣҲʽʼҶǻ椵ˡ
ⶫסҶ˿Ŵңе㲻˼ҵ顣
ףʲô˲ףŵȸֱʵ
˵ŵȣǸոյȻܵıҶϾҲҶ˶ԻʱѾˡ
Ҷ֮ĶԻŵȺͻȻ֣ԭҶ˻Ծ̶ȣȻ뵽ɱԸȻ֪˭ȴԸڷԼǲ뵽ġ
ֻ취Ҳ̫ˣȻҪһңͺڻһͭһ۾ûգһ¡
һ㣬ŵȷԼԽԽϲҶˣǾĻǱģϲȻϲѡ
ףҵĴ֮ˣүԼҲһ𣿡椶׵ǺϤֻе㲻ףһףȻе⣬βûκεĹϵ
ǵģǼǼǿҲǿõģֻʵ棬ڼƣûóҶ˼˵
ûóǾǻҶլҺҶլһջʳǣү鷳еͷʹ˵ܲһ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ܣ׵ĲϺ⣬ұ½ҲδؿҳһĲϣǼռ˴󲿷ֵģѾûвˣһԱȥջʳҪ鷳ö࣡Ҿãһȥһ˱ȽϺá
ãȥյ۹뻢ûʲôֱ𣡣ΪʲôҪףǲһ𣿡椲ʵ
ǵģһĵط˵壬õúõĻǿڤٻ峤Ȼһ׵Ҷ˻ش
βһҪҩģҪʲôʺϽ⣡
ҪȥãȣҶ˵Ҫ룬Ҷǰջʳǡ
ǲҪ㸸ҪȻڱţ㻹չȽϺãջʳǱȥûģҶ˷˻椵顣
Ϊ˵ԭ֮⣬ʵҲڵģԼ뿪յʱ̵˶˹¸Ǩŭˣǻ椵Ļָʲô
յ۹ͨˣȥѰ·𣿡椵ǵ


440 ף2
Ǳͨˣκβң˵ˣҿװ룬֪˭ģٺ٣ʱǶϲңǸˣҶе˷ܵ˵е޲ЩԼǰԼˣһϲԼ
װү˵㣬ôװ¶ġٴһԵ⡣
Ϊ֪˭˶֪һգ¶Ҳ뵽ңԣģУұȥʵֻܿҶ˺Ǽ˵
ҶȥףȻҪԼǼҵǼѶ̫ˣǿ˼ҵĴ֮һֱϣôܻأ
ǡ椻е㲻ġ
СŮҪˣүȥǹһҪȥջʳǣүÿӹȥʱڻˣŵȲ廰û̫ڽҶˣʵûʲô⡣
Ҷ뿪նôˣնҶһţԲ뵽Ҷ˻»
ڻʱҵݱҴˣͻ۵ǵģҶҡҡͷܾŵȵ顣
ҪǱҴˣǾ͸Ҫڻˣŵ˵
ãһһ㣬һ𷴶ܣ׸Ҷ˺ܲ˵
椳ĬͬҶ˵仰Ҷһʲôطܵ㱻ץסˣҲһѡ
һ㣬ҶСʱʼѾҿ϶ˣ
ˣǾ·ڻ㣬㵽˻ʳǾͺǷֿô˵Ķ飬һ˷ֵģŵ˵
ţǱģү㲻ҪܾȻ·һҵҶ˻ûз֮ǰѾȷ
ðɡŵȣôжȥջʳǵģҶǿӦ֮󣬺ֵʵ
ǾöȥǱջʳǾһطһյŮʻҪǽãصǹȥǾһȥˡҾҲҪȥѧϰһ⽻ֶΣŵЦ˵
룬㻹ΪүҪȥҪүѣһֻ꾫ףΪʲôһ˵꾫أ
ȻŵȵĿģȴûȥֹΪһŵչҶҲǺõģȻǶ֣ŵȵ
ᵹһĻʵۣ֪ǲ佻ã£ǵҪ£ЩöˣҶ˸п˵
˲һãǾͲᱳѣ˲õ飬⽻ҳ϶Ҫǿ̫̫ࡣ
ң˲֮źܶ౦һֱû˽ףͨ˫ĽףǶյĺô޷ġ
ֻǣѶҲǺܴģȻ۹ѾȥˣЩǲܻᱻ˸Եģһôõʱ䡣
үҸ׾𣿡椿ŵϵıʵ
Ӧܳһ꣬һ֮ڲҪκε飬ʵҲòһ꣬ȥҲͼµʱ䡣ʱǻپһ£ȻͿȥ֮ˡҶ˺ɵ˵ƺͺܼһ
֪ˣȻؼҰɣѸ״ؼҡ椵ͷػ
ţҶӦȻС̧ϵıŻ椵ļȥ
Ǹʱ򣬵Сôɵ̧Ǳʱ򣬺ܶ˶һƺû뵽һŮ
үȥһϸ㣡ŵں溰Ҷ˻ȥҪȥ׼ˡ
Ҷ˵Ӧû⼸ǾҪǶǰ׼һ£Ҫǰˡ
˵Ǹ飬ʵ󲿷ֶǺΪֻǸϾ⽻Ҫǻۡ
ҸȥԵ飬Ϊ峤ҪӱŬ

ڶ峿ŵҶߣһԼḶ̌Ҷ˶ʱԳ
һοǹϵ峤İΣȻѸ٣
ү˵Ǹһɱ֣£𣿡֮ŵȺǺʵ
ܣҶȻŵȲȥ
֪һƭôܻ¡
ҲƭˣʵˣҶ˵
Ź֣
ʵŵȲ֪һɱֵȷҶ˵£һɱ˭źܶ˶֪ǾѪ塣
ѪһֱҶ˵ĻȻ˻ᳳܣǻģȸ۹ƺҪѪ齻ҶܣԣѪȷǿҶ˵¡
һ㣬ŵҪ֪ˣһĿɿڴҪǿѪӣԲţСȻµһɱ֡


441 ף3
ŵ֮󣬺һȺӵĻ廤֮£Ҷ˵ǰѾ˴𸴡
ǴӦȸ񲻳ɹǻ˻ȫĽһһɱ֯Ĵ𸴡
Ҷ˺ܸɴóһƱǺˣȷϹ󣬾͸뿪ˡ
椣Ҫעһ£˭˴ɱˣЩ֮У˭ĸϵһһûɾԼ˴ҪȻǾͻеڶεΣҶ֮ƽ˵
ţ֪ˣ椵ͷ

Ҷ벿⽻װ͵Ҳܶ࣬ϾһκҪжǹϵ峤ж
Щ͵֮УȻл椵ĴڣҶ˻峤׵ˡ
үӡ椿Ҷˣϲģ
Ҷ˵װʱѾʼˣЧܾˣڻ椿ʱ򣬾ͱˡ
СŮүأŵСèŮ˵˺һ֮󣬾һҶˣֻǣôҲҲҶ˵ĴڣȥһߵĻ椡
ү㿴ɣеЦţҪŵ֪Ҷ˵ʱ򣬻һʲôı顣
үأŵСèŮѰҲҶ˵Ĵڡ
ȻҲҶˣŵƺһֵ飬һߵһ壬˵˭ΪʲôҴûм㣿
磡Ǻ˵
ŵСèŮһ£ֻΪŵûиģ
ȥûи磬˵ף㣬㡭ŵָǺе㲻ŵӡ
˰ǺЦˣһЦƵӡ
ŵǺתתȥү̫ǿˣĻû˿ϵó
ү
ûˣԭҶװģܳ˵֮⣬椣Ҳ
ҶΪҶ˾װҲֻװһ³Ϊ꣬û뵽Ȼֱӱɺꡣ
䣬βͣ찡һᶯģүôģŵСèŮ̫ʋı飬Իе㲻š
ı飬椾ú⣬ԼľʵʲôٱҪöˡ
ܼ򵥵ģЩĺβͣĽṹ΢װһ£̶λϣȻҪôôˣ䣬β͡Ҷ֣䶯βҡҡĺ弸һһ

ӣ˭һ壬˭뵽ҶˣСŮӦ÷˰ɡ
ŵһҲᵣҶ˻ᱻҴݣҶԭòĳ䣬ƺһˡ
ΪϺʣҪڸĶ䣬Ҷ˾͸ԼŪһͷĳţںͷϰˣʵŵһģɫĳ
Ϊһ㣬ŵһƺôһƣͽռŵȵıˣ˵Լŵȵĸ磬Ҫаޡ
ȫµĺ갢޵ˣٵĺ䶯ȻСΧġ
үҪСһ㣬˵Լ˭õͿҪ֦סһҪҵǣָˡһηԸ
ǵİ֮УҶڵ֮󣬱밲ӶŻϣȻֱӶӦŵùһӶš
֪ˣ㶼˵ˣֲǱͼסˣҶ˺ܲػص
һС᷸ԺŵȣҪúÿ椷Ը
ˣһģСŮҾ㲻ӦŮŮūӦү衭ŵȴȤû̫Ҷˡ
ߣⲻܣֻҪͺˣе㲻ˬ˵
ʵŵ仰һĵСʱ򣬻椾Ҷ˵չʲôĽɫɫҲ⡣
ˣŮĥĥģҶ˺ûĵ˵Ȼϻڻ棬Ŵҡټ
˲˻˵֮⣬ûп˵ģҶҲûлȥʵҲνһ
ˣŵ֮ģУҲҶ˲
ͺƺƵˣվܾúܾã֪ӰӣŻصС

үΪʲô壬ǰ绢أ·ϣŵͻȻ뵽⣬ͿҶˡ
ȽСʲô¶ͲһˣҪҪܶ飬Ҳûôʱ䣬ҺģҶ˺ʵػش

ԭΪΪ붯֣ҪɢɢĻţĻȷʺϣ˵ǺЩֻ


442 1
˵ҶҲȷʺ壬ԶǻģӿȫϣͱȽʺˡ
һ㣬֮ŵȵ˾͸ӿ϶ˣҶʵ̫ˡ
ҶڳأÿγһУͻһȺ˵۹⣬ŮǰҶ˴ڨ
ү㵱ĺܲܶС
ͷȥ̫ˣһǼױһ¡ҶֱӻصȻܽȥױˡ
ױˣͺܺˣҪٸˣǺ嶼ģֲһ˱ڨһĻǲŽۣŵ׷ȥ˵
ûҶ˱ɧţŵȵҲһɧˣʵ̫ˣŮôĶ
˵ҲǣǾɣȻÿ춼Ҫױ̫鷳ˣҶ˱ҪеĻױŵȵĻ֮£ͣ
ŵ˵˶۵£۵ĻǾһĴڣ˼ס
Ϊ˷ֹϳͬʱҲΪ˶ž۵ÿ˶īҶóһ˫īϡ
ŵȴ˴˵үҾòܶžۣϲһ㵹ǿԡ
֮Ի˵ΪīҶˣƺһȻûĲһ㣬Ҳ˶ȥ
ҲУÿһ˫īлģǶúɫģбڵƣҶ˴ӿռָóܶ˫īŵе㷢㶡
īȻڴ½Ҳв٣ҲϡƷǱȽֵǮ⣬Ҷóôһѣôŵ΢΢أ
ǣڶ죬ǾͿһĶ飬һȺī仢壬һȺīĿ塣
òƣЧƺ䶯ˣӵˣ
ϵģˣǷԺˣҪϳеĸеˣҲҶ˵Ŀġ
ϵıʱǺܻ𱬺ܳ˭˭ͺ˻ȥעġ
һ·۵صջʳǣ˴һµʱ䣬мȻҲ飬Щ鶼С£ֵһᡣ
Ҷ˵ݣһֱû˻ɣֻǵһĿ꣬û˻յһҪҶˡ
յ۹ڲҪץסҶ˵ҪߵģԶԶˣҶȸƺҪбļ
ڵҶҶѾŻұյ۹Ȼ̫ҪٹעһˣԶЩ˵ͨҲȡˡ
ֻǣҶ˵ͨڻеһ˹µڻҪ˿Ҷ˾ͱץ˹
Ϣ˹æƽڵľƣһĲȥץҶˣҶܵʲôط
һ㣬ܶ˶㲻СŮΪʲôҶ˲ţѵҶǰϷ
ȻǴϹµ뷨û˸˵ΪֻҪ˵ģһᱻ̬СŮʸŪ
ͬСŮʺܱ̬ɱԼĸףɱԼֵܽǣɷϣϣȷĵط
Ҷ˵Ļ˵Ҫһûʵ۱Ҫһ̬
֮󣬰˹¾ǿӲֶȨԼϣǱȨȨȫˡ
ţһʩչԼߣһ߽ڷһע⣬𣬶ѹ
ڰ˹˵ԼԵģҪ
˹Ȼᣬƽ˵һĻʵۣߺ˳Ӧģڷչ۹ͬʱҲƽõõ
ƽ˵ʵۻ˭ǹĵģֻĻʵǲһûʵۣǺûʵۣҵģҲһ֧֡
ΪЩյ۹ķٻһյ۹ĻʳǸһ㣬Ҷ˾ñԼ뿪ʱˡ

ҪȥУ
ڽǵĵһ̣Ҷ˾ҪȥУĵط˵طΡ
վסŵֿ죬һץסҶ˵죬޷ܿ
ץңڿԷֿˣҶŵȵ֣ʾ֡
үҪֿҲʱ˭һߵˣ˻𣿡ŵû˵
ﶼû˻עǵġҶ˲˵
ŵüһ˵˭˵ûעǣҿһλᱻ˼ӵú
Ҷеɻ󣬿ŵķˣ벻ʲôطˡ
Ҷ˿Կ϶Щھˣһװһһ㲻ǺڸߴңǾӵģ


443 2
ǻĴ˰ɣǷŮʵӭǣתŮʱµʺ򡣡
һǰŵȵ˴кΧ˴ңȻ׼ͣ
ллתŮʵʺ򡣡ʱһ΢곤һĺӦ
ⲢŵȲƸˣûʸ֮УҶŵȶʱʹģ㲻ǣŵǰǰҲҪվ
ллһתģ͵סѾźˣЩ˻׼ŵȵȥ׼õס
˼Ѿסˣۼĵطǻϰһ㡣Ǻǰܾ
ǡⲻðɣסñ˾ûһ֮Щһ£Ȼ˵
ǰ˵ĵطջʳǵһаסĶˣѡ֮أαȽϵһ㡣
ÿҲסģϰˣ˲ϲסЩĹȽϰߣǰȻܾ
Ϊϲ֮⣬оﲻᱻӣҶ˵ʱ˻ݡ
ڰҲʮ
ǼֵĻҲǿκҪĻʱǣ취ΪǽЩ˹˵
ҲƺˣһǲĺôϲԼ⡣
ʱһҲֻǰ˵ͨ⽻飬Ҳͷ˺֪ܶ࣬ҶпܻУǾԲˡ
ˣЩȥ
ȻЩͷͷûˣȥˣСǻҪһ£ҲǳڣͬʱҲǲȡԷĺøС
ŵȵûоܾûȥܾһҲ⡣
Ҷ۹һͨڵ۹ӵĻ֮£ñջʳǣ˾סİ
֪ʮôˣ

ڽӽʱһСͻȻ˵ñϵ˶е⣬Ҷŵȡ
꣡㲻ҪŮ֪ʮӣһὫãһС˵Сװû
Ҳ֪ŮôģΪʲôҶұƳߣҪʮӻ뿪ǵ۹ǰСе㲻֪ļ˵
ʲô취ȻҶ˹ϵôãټʮ߹δޣҪʵۣҪǲֻѾܲˣ
ò֪ʵЩͬȻ֪ŮɱȻЩӻŮƺҶҷ棬ֻ˵𣬶׷ɱδɡ
Ҳǣû˻Լʮȥ׷ɱˣȻûһ׷ɱɹģ
һǺʮӣѾǵ۹֮ˣŮһ죬Ҫץˡ
Ǳ˵ˣ˵ĻͻˣСѵ
СǿʼĬ
ŵе⣬벻ҶﾹȻôߵôû
Ҷֻ֣ΪʲôЩͻȻ˵ԼȻûһף
һ㣬Ҷ˺֪ܿˣŵȿҶ˵ˡ
֮СҲ͸뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰƺŰһᣬȻ뿪
ף䰡
ŵڿ֮󣬱̷һĸиţֻΪ֣֮ڣǽȫǲķ
ǽĲҲһȫһС䣡
ŵҲΪʲô֮ǰǸҪΪһֻؼҵĸоǸо
λˣǵסѾ׼ˣ
ʱһƵĻˣһ˵һ壬Ӧǵˡ
ϵط𣿡Ҷ֮У˷ʵﲢǵһˡ
ţǽӦĺͷ
Ǹʣô뵽ｨһطŵȶܺ棬հģӦóһĳ֮С
˵ֻһС͵ǵʲô⣬Сǵߺܴܴ
һûκε֮£ǲĵ֮У仹յ۹Ļʳǡ
֮ǰҲûΪ˰ǣŻнİǽӦĺش֮¶һ𾴵ӣƺǸ֮˺ء
ˣʲôˣŵʵ
ǺĬһᣬȻص˵۹һɣ˵ȻûʲôģҶҵʮӡҶˣ


444 3
ҶŵͬʱȵĽ
ŵû뵽ﾹȻҶŪģҶ˾ȵǣѾǵطԼġ
ǲˣŵҶ˷֮Ҷһˡ
ţҶҲû˵ʲôֱӳˡ
ǺеֵؿҶŵȣ֪˵ʲô
֪үҶˣΪʲôģŵϰ˽ҶүѿڶˣҺʱûע⡣
ʵע⵽Ҳû⣬ﶼˣҶܹҶ˶ݵģǾ֪ҶҲҶˣԴ˱ܡ
ʮӣһʱ˵ҪߵǸ̩ŽһңȻôһطղķͬʱҲóѾסҲΪͳ˻ʳ˵ľסءǺ˵
жˣŵʵ
٣Ҳû뵽ģȻǧˡǺش
ǧˣŵȵЩȣһ˺ٻ֮УһطѾǺܶܶ࣬ھȻǧ֮ࡣ
ţˣеѧϰģѧеﾭ̵ģе﷢չģҲеʮӻǮȳģеĺƽؽ˵
˲Ȼ࣬ʾûУڻʼѧԺ֮УҲвٵѧԱǲģҲһ塣
ү鲻ٰѹô㣬ô𾴡ŵҶ˵Ķ˵ţ⻰ֻҶ˿õ
ŵҶ˵ܣҲǸһҪŵȥһ»ʳǣŵȿǺ֮вɶõľŮȻ˵Ŀ⡣
Ǻֻ÷ˣΪŵӦˣ
ʱ򡪡
ô˵ҵĶģҶһѽŵȵƿܲ˵
Ǻһ£ԼϷ￪ʼ˷ˡ
㣬Ųҧ㡭ŵ߳ŭ
ţԲҪңҶ˵ͷȻŵԶԶġ

ðһ£С㣬ʲôǺ忪ʼŵˣҪչ׷ˡ
ŵȣŵȵػصûΪҶ˵ѻйڱ˵ϡһ˶ǱȽƽԿĮһ
ŵС㣬˭ʲôϵǺʵĮҪҪǲǵģ˵ˣĮҲָԼˡ
ûϵҲʶŵ˵òǲˬΪҶ˽Լƿˬ
ͬʱҶҲˣ磡ҽаޡ
ͷҲʶ㣡ŵҶ˵Ļ֮һη
Ǻ忴˿Ҷˣٿ˿ŵȣ˵ȷĵطһһĶ䣬һβͣһô
ԭǸ簡ʧʧ񣡡ǺҶ˵ĹҲԭģҶŵƣҪŵҶ˵ܣõĻǾ׽ˡ
ȻˣʱǺȻϣҶŵãǱĹϵĻǾеܲˡ
ŵȳĬе㲻ףΪʲôǰ徹ȻԼүĹ
ҶҲ񣬻صǺڣһξѧˣ򵥵ĺܡ
磬СܽаԺչˣǺ壬ҲǰҶ˿ʼֺá
Ҫ׷˼ңȻҲҪ˼ҵĸźˣȻһˬǽͻܱ磡
ţǰ;ǲǺƯĶҶʱƺŵȾúƽʱŴһ㣬ȴԺģڵã㷴ˡ
ţŵСҼŮѩһ㴿ȢŮҲԸ⣡ͷ˵ͬʱҲ˵Լ뷨Ҫ׷ŵȵ뷨
ͲˣֻҪѸźˣͰ޸㣡ҶŰļ򣬴˵
ŵȵϳ˼ߣĻʼˡ
ģǸҪʲôֻҪ˵ĳСһ쵽˫һҶ˹ţǷɧ˵š
ȥ绨ѩ¥ǲؿˣҶЦ˵
ԣԣû뵽ҲͬˣȷһõطϧôãѾؿˣͷ˷ܵ˵
绨ѩ¥ʲôطŵȵʵ
¥Ҷ밬ͬʱش
أ
ŵȵĻˣһȥ
Ǹȥ



445 £1
ŵȻû߻Ҳ֪¥˼ʲôѾϣõĶȱٶ١
磬ŵС㶼ô𣿡޹ʵΪŵȵĻǳҶ˵ģƺֻ˳ġ
ƺҲ˵ŵȸͲں
ǰƽʱܹԵģ֪Ϊʲôոջһԭ򡣡Ҷҡͷ˰ϡ
ԩұԩף˭ˣҾԩ
ߣŵۿŰԶһ㣬
ĬոպԼ˵ģ˵ӦŶԣŵС㣬Ǹ
磡ŵŭ
ǽʲôһ¡
үŵھͻش
үһʲôƺүĻǲҪСˣҲƽ޹ʰһأ
ŵ˵ˣ㻹ǱˣԺ
үʸ񶼱ˣڵİνˣԭүҲô׽еġ
˦˰ľŵȾȥҶˣ˵ΪʲôҪȥֵط
ֵطҶһʱԻ
ŵҧҧ˵˵ķ绨ѩ¥
ŶҵĲƲȥһºҶ˺ܲػش
ŵȳĬû뵽һ绨ѩ¥ȻҶµĲƲ
޳ܣΪʲôҪġŵһ죬յ
ҿⲻˣҵʱסһ£Ҳһ㡣Ҷ˻ôػش
סһ£ŵȵеˡ
ţŪŪԾͽȥˡ
ţŵȲ
˵ˣȥ˭ô󵨣ռñүĲƲҶҡҡ֣е㲻ͷ͡
һŵȸˣʲôռĲƲ
ʵҲܼ򵥣绨ѩ¥ǱµŮʸ𣿱Ҳûˣƺְ֮㣬ؿ˷绨ѩ¥һǹΪС
ϢҶ˽֮ģ˵Ҫȥ绨ѩ¥ͷƻһ£ŵ֪Լķ绨ѩ¥ؿˡ
ңƺ˶֪ؿ绨ѩ¥˭ƺҵһүʲô塣
ˣ
ŵȵ˰ϣҶ˽С֮˾һ̵ˣŵҪ׷
쵰үҪǸȥֵطϾͲûˣŵҧŽţǺݺݵ˵ţֻǣҪҶĲƺһ㡣
Ȼ˵Ҷǻᾭ·ջʳǺģϲģһԷġ
һʼҶȻǳҪȥĵط
һУͣ
鷳ȥУ
ҪȥĵȻУ绨ѩ¥ֻǴҪģҶլҪȵҹȥڴô֡
ֻǣҡڵڽϣѵ±ϳ⣬Ĵ𰸾ǡأ
ϳϳ£ʱ˶ˣץһҲץ˵
ʱҶ˵ĺװ绹ڣֻѾõīһ˵ʳ֮С
ΪʲôҪõī
ܼ򵥣ҶõīĻͲ˰ǻ岿⽻ԱǸ֮ų
Ϊ˭֪⽻鶼Ǵīģ
ҲҶ֮ǰҪīһԭ͸ӺõЩ˷ֿޣ
˵ŵȵĵƺǶģҶ˿϶ǲٻȥ֮УһǻҸطס绨ѩ¥Ҫסĵط
ʳ֮УҶ˾סط绨ѩ¥֮һĵطڶʺϳ֡
ȥ˻ô
һ߹йڰ˹Ƥӵ£ΣյĴڣ˵Ҳ㣬ҶȻȥġ
ҶլǱȻʹ鲻˶١
ˣȥУ˵кö
Ҷ˾ѾãܶʱҪܼһεĵطǶõһ
֮УҶΪǡһΡԾͱǼһ֣õһơ
ֽʲô
ҽиأء˹Ҷ룬ڽֵ˳
ʵΪһûϣϵˣ϶壬Ҳеǰ˼塣
½֮ϣһ˼壬ںĺΪһǳеļ壬þǸ˹
ҶҲ֪Լײ˵ϣڳԺˣΪǸү⵹Ҳ˺ܶͣװ׶һΡ
֮ȡء˹֣Ϊӣһԭǣ˹Ǻ


446 £2
عӣĺƣ˺áǹԱؽеʱƵݸҶˡ
ǿͻҪڵĺƣǶǻʱģջʳһĵط󲿷ֵҲֻǹͣܿͻ뿪ȻҪڵġ
ߣ˼Ҷ˴һ£Ȼӡ
ĳأҶ˾͸еһϤϢֵЩӵܶٱ

Ҷ˺˷ܵؽţҸطȥ

Ҷ֮󣬿ųϵƷʱͻȻейɱǿϡ
Ҷһϱȥ
Ҷ㵸
䣡
ΪҶҡڣȥˣҶȻҲһƨ˵ϣǱӡ
ôˣһ޵𣬶ǷԸոҶߵŮҶ˵ķӦƺе⡣
ȻոԼҪ뿪ûҪųӡ
ûʲôˣҶ˻ָҲʶҲʶʲô
Ϊ˱ʾԼԼ⶯䣬β͡
ŮĬˣ㶯ʲôβͰиո㿴Լⲻǰ˵Լǹ
ոյı飬ƺʲôϤĶŵˣûˣԼûôˣҲûꡣ
ˣ͵ˣ
Ů֮󣬱׼ȥҶˣֻǣҶһΪ
Ҷ˽ԶŮһȫ룬ȻһΰעͶ֮С
ΪʲôҪԼôԶѵҲҪ׷ҵģֹԶҵİϷ
ߣĵˣ
ŮеӵţһооƺʲôƵġ
ϻȻʲôˣ֪Ҷ˵Ļͻʲô˼ҧгҪѵһҶˡ
ŮҶ˵һˣе죬ϵǺܺõ֣

£ҵŰɣ
׳գ

Ҷˣ˵һҲϲģ㲻Ҫν飡
ϲҵ飬ʲô顣


ûǰŮǸ£ҶΪһ˵ȥ׷˼꣬ȻͻȻһߣҲûмǸ¡
ոҶ˲ǱˣֻΪ̫ˣ벻ĳˣʵ̫ˡ
˵ҶѾܾúܾûмˣа֮ã֮һϳ£ʵҲΪһص㡣
µͫ˺ܲһɫģ
ҲҶ˱һԭеİĻ֮£ͻȻ˫ɫͫȻᱻһ¡
ȻܾûмˣҶ˾û־ȽϺãһԼǾͱȽͷʹˡ
ͬʱҶҲһ飬ԼҪҵھߣڽߵϡ
Ѿ⴫֮£ֻǣΪʲôǸҵӣ˵Ҷ˵ķ绨ѩ¥塣
һ㣬֪µ˶ú֣е㲻ͳΨһĽ;ʱܵģ
ҶΪûдҵףҲνˣȥ취Ū
ʵ취Ҳûãֻ˿ҶԶҲ޷ûͬõס
⣬ҲΪʲôҶ˲ȥҵ׵Եʣ͵òɣҽ裬Ȳ˵ǲǿԿǰϽԼԼŮ׷ɱǿ϶ġ
ôҲܷˣ
һЩĵƷ֮󣬳һܹƷҶ˾ú֡
һŹ٣Ҷùģڷ绨ѩ¥ԺﵱװƷģȻЧܲҲôһֵ
ֻǣǱϾҶԼĶԳϣоͱʮֵĹ֡
˭ùģҾղˣһǧǸʦֱһǧҶƺеܳ
ٵĳɱһٽңļ۾һǧǳɽ۲Ǹߣ
˼ֵԼȻһ˰
ҮҮҮҮҮ
һǧ
Ҷ벻ǣȳ۵ľȻ£ȻȤѵϲ
٣
Ȼ͵֪ӵԼ١
һǧһ
Ƭ̹Ҷ˵Ĺϱˢ¼ǮһΣˢۻڼٶȺܿ죬ļǮҲһҶ벻ļ۸
ǧһǺܶˣǧ٣ֵѾԶԶٵıֵ


447 £3
һ٣бҪ𣿡һߺ޲⣬ǮҲֲ̫ˣǧҰ
٣㵹ǸһܶͶм۹⡣
ڴʱҶ˷ֱϵѾȻˣߵʱ򻹸ԼͶһɻ
ȻˣҶûɻֻ·񾭣ԼĶ棬򲻵ˡ
ºǳǹٶģֻǼ۸̫ˣ
Ҷʵ֪ĶܳģһģǴҷĶ
ΪʲôʵΪҶԼʥŪ񼣹㳡Ѿ½֪۰ٱ
˵ԺҽҲ֪ĻǾͺֹ۰ٱ
֮󣬺ܶҲȥǵĿƺǸ٣ǲȤ
ЩҶ˵ȫӰ죬ǼȥϣҪĶ֣Գ֣
ܿ죬Ҷ˾лˣ˼ֵĶ֮Ҳͽˣûи̫ľϲҲջ
һΣҶµĶȻ֣ҲûûоķǴ˵֮еʮӣûʲô䶯Сһĺ䶯ҲûС
ȻҲ˾֣ҶΪʲôЩôֵĶֻд˵еʮүŻȤеġ
ˣҲû˻ǰعӣҶˣΪʵ̫ˡ

绨ѩ¥
ҶһϤĵطȻϤķʽĿȫͬģûôãȴûЩ¥Ůӷϵģţ˵ֹϵ
طƺҲһû䣬Ҷ˿Ķƺûб仯ֻ˱˶ѡ
绨ѩ¥ˣȫһѾȥҶǣȥӪҶ˵ǲ¥
ӴӣҪʲôҶһ̤绨ѩ¥ʱһǽĵŮӭҶĵ˵š
ҪСи׼һϺõľϯҶ˶㿪Ů˵ľȻƽ˵š
ŮϲüͷһҶҪ󣬾֪ҶһܵĹӣһǺǮģȻҲֱҪСǿɲһ˿סġ
Ͻʵ֪ˣأ
ʲôʱûˣٽ㣡Ҷҡҡͷ˵
ûˣǽŮ˴һ£Ȼһ̽ԵʵӣȷҪ𣿡
ҪˣҶҡҡͷش
˿̣Ů˵̳˵λӣ㵽Ƿ绨ѩ¥ʲôǽһˣҪһԺӣÿ˶ǵЩôӣ
ôӣˣǰҶеģʲôģ֣Ҷ˿ǽŮеֵ˵
Ž֣¥йǿջ𣿡ǽŮЩ΢ŭҶǳشǵ
ҾҪҸطססȿջ㣬ź򡭡Ҷ˺ʵػشø˸еһǻûмĿˡ
˵˵ǿջ¥ȵģڳ˾޳ס¥ˮ˶һģź˵Ķ޶˵Ůˡ
СӹȻһŰĵõ
źˣҲҪиź򰡡ŮҶ˵ĿģȻˣҲþֻܾϣһ㡣
סҲҪǮģֻҪǮôô
ֲʶĹʲôҽûУҶ˺ֱӵؾʵ

ȫ˶Ĭ̵뿪ǵڻе㱯ʹȻ˵ѾҶ̨Ѿ¥Ůˣˡ
ңҲôˡ
˵ú㣬㵽˾ò˼飬һҪһ¡
ǽŮ˿֪Ҫ㣬ʱڣľǰͷ̣˾ʱǰܶࡣ
ʵϣȷ˺ܶ࣬ûˣǱȽϸ߼̻֮أҲûǰǷ绨ѩ¥ĸо
ȻѾģ⻹в̲Ĺһϲңһ˵˶Բ̲ŮתƴҵߣһԤһµͬʱҲ侲
ٿʵĻҾͽҶ˵
λӣҵϣԣҲֻﲢǿҪǮǽŮЦ˵
Ǯеǣһ㲻ҪģҶ˺ǲм˵Ĳ˵ǮⶫҪж٣Һû


448 ҵķչ1
ҵϣԶãϾҲ뿴ҵĽñЩ̣߰ˣٻǽŮ˵дһĿɬ
Ϳźˣˣϰ壬ǲǽ壿Ҷʵ
ǵģܣŮ˵ͷûıҪ˭֪¡
ʲôʱܲһ¡Ҷƽ˵ţƽ˿ʲô˼
֪ʲôʱƽʱһпնΪȽæûµĹӦûˣʲô𣿡ǽŮ˵˵ţʳؼ⡣
Ҷ˰ڰ֣˵Ҳûʲô£ֻҪƾʲôأƶѡ
Ŷԭȵȣո˵ʲôҪЩ⣿ⲻȰ㻹ǲҪ£ߣڲǵģǽŮ˵ΪҶ˵ģʱƺΪϰ塣
ɴ˿ɼвһϰ壬ȻҲ
Ҳ£ҪˣôˣҶʵǾ仰˼Ųһ˵
òҪʣѾļ壬ҶѾˣӦ˵ҶѾˣҶѾ뿪Ů˵֮ͥµ˵ƺҲڱ棬Ѿˣû˻˵
⵹ǣҶǲܶ࣬Ҳڱѹȥ⵽ô£Ҷе֣ʵϵĶԱȣ֪ģҲҶҵľܶܶ࣬뿪ˣµҲ㹻Ըҵġ
˵ȤĻҿ㵽̸ҪƵķã㲻йǾ㣡Ů˶Ҷ˵Ҷ˽ȥ
ӻǿ˼ҲйģȻӲǱˣԳ
˵ȻӣϣҲǲɶŮӣλҲҪԼ壬һ˵Ҫƣȴһֱû͹
˵Ҷһ׬ˣţһȺѰ;뷨еĽҶ˱ǽŮȥ˵
Ҫ֪ҶһֱŮԼǻʲô뷨һãԭİúر𡭡
˵˺ĵطǺʵⲿ壬Ǿûн̻֮ص
ѵ˵ոǸĹӲĺ壬Ǹ˵֮еİ壿ţһһ»
ӿǸ˹ӣǽŮѾ׻ˣΪһ¥𱣬ļʶȻ١
ףô֪ģһû˵ҽиء˹ҶЩ֣Լûк˵ֻ˵һ£ѵ˵Ǳ飬Ѿˣ
ˣνˣ֪֪һ
Ҷ˶ԴҲûж룬˵ģֻһѣ֪ٶҲν
ԭǸ˹Ĺӣô𣿡Ůʩ
ţҶ˵ͷͬʱɻš
˹壿ôɣһɣֻ˵˵ġ
Ů˵ķӦ˹һȴֻ̫֣û´һӣǾ˵ˡ
ȻҶ˶ҲˣһڻԼļ壬ǲٺò顣
ȻǸ˹Ļ϶Ӧò⣬ֻƴҪ̫۸ҵĽãǶǿˣŮ˵
֪ˣˣ㲻˵ҵ𣿡Ҷ˲϶˵ʲôֻҪ֪Ҷҷʲô顣
ʵҲӣһȥˣһˣ̫ˣҲûʲô˵ģŮ˳̾ţ׼Ļ
Ҷ˴һᣬҿˣǰɣûʲô˵ģ˵˵

Ӱû˵˵ֻҪ׼һ£Ůû˵Ҷ˾һۣʮֵġ
ԴˣҶȫߣӶ
Ǿ׼һ¿˵ãﶼûб䡭ҶڽС֮󣬷ǰһʹǿΰںãȻڿ֮Ͽա
ӣǰ𣿡Ҷ˵жýŮ˾ãҶѾǵһˡ
ţǰǰﲻģӦڡˣ˵ˣ˵ոյĻ⣡Ҷ棬ŤŤӣһơ
ô˵ءӦôҶҷֿ֮˵ǸʱҶϼûڵŮʺҶ˻ʮС뿪ҶңҶҵĺܶºܹȥҶϼ


449 ҵķչ2
յҶʵСһ룬ҶҼҴҵȻֻһС룬Ҳ㹻еļ֮гưԣ˵ҲǲʸҶҿģŮʱ£ƺܲϲҶңҶѹú
绨ѩ¥ҲԿһ㣬ʮСӵĲƲʮС֮ҲӦýҶܣŮȴˣҵУⲻڴѹҶң𣿡
ԭˣ¾ǻʵ۵£һĴСҪǿҵϲáҶ˵ͷе̾˵ңûõʱ򣬻ߵ˴ŭŮʵʱҲһᱻѹ
˭ֻ֪֪ôһһ˵ˣҲ޹أЩƽͲҪ̸Ҵˣ̸ֻ£ŮЦ˵ҪȥץҶ˵֣ҪҶ˵͡
Ҷ˿͵ĲˣŮ˿ˣȻĶ
⣬ȻҸ񣡡Ҷ˺ܲؾ
ûȤһȥǰˣˣûиҵ֣ҽжգԽս㣡Ů˶Ц˵ͬʱҲҶһۡ
֪ˣս㣬һλãóֱӰѾϯǰ棬Ҫȥ裬ǵĽĸҪӣҶ˵˵
绨ѩ¥ĸռһ֪ûԭζûУҲ޷ģĥһʱ䣡
֪ˣ⻰ô˵ģӣǽӵĲЩˣû˵
ҪǿԼֻҪǱƵģѡȨģ֮кܶ˶Լѡ·ȥҶڻص
ɣҾͿЩƵģֻǡҡͷȥˣûڼ˵ˣȥ֮ϵϾʧˣֵĻְҵԵջЦݡ
ڶ뿪֮Ҷ˻䣬ƺСǰŬӣǷʷʵıݣǸʱСȻܿ࣬ƺҲܿ֡
Ҷ˻ʲôطֻСе̬
˵Ǹʱ̣ƺʲôҪҶ˵һֱûлᣬڻһû˵ڡ
ڶ˵ƺѾܲˣŵǣһȺ׷ߡ
Ҷٴμ̵ʱҲԾС
ЩʱƺԶ׷ҶҪȥ׷ȻӵţԺӵиøӿֵʱ⣡
ЩҪ׷䣬ҲˣԼȻӵиõģǹȥõģδõģ

˹ӣ˼Ѿ׼һλã˺ܶ࣬λÿеƫ㲻Ҫ⣡Ҷ˳֮󣬶վ̷ˣ۹·˷
ûϵֻҪܿüĸͿԣҶ˶Դ˲⡣
ûģ˵һСҶȥ׼Ҷơ
ȻСֻԱȽСģ˵ͻС
Ҷ˲ȾƣƵСﱻˣȥһ顣
ôˣռǹʵ
˵Ⱦƣȥʢս㣬ȫһǺһ˼ûССе˵
ˣһᣬ͵ǺһԷҪˣ˵öҶӦòҪ̬ȣֻƻҶһĸо
Ҷ˵ϣǶԸеһȻǳ֮ѵõһȪ
ţ֪ˣСͷҶߣЦǶ顣

ллҪҪһԣҶ˽ӹ֮ǸС
áõģСһȻͷһСʢ˵㷹ȻҶ˳
ա
С﷢֣ԼûԶ٣Ҷ˵һ뷹ѾˣԷٶʵ̫ˡ
Ҷڳ֮󣬾ʢһԡ
С￴֮󣬾̼ӿٶȣԼһĻͻûзˣ
һ٣СóԵúܿģȻⷹ˲һõģȴɵģûһѹûһ˿ա
úܺãǷȱһ飬һ޵ӹסҶͻȻ˵
Се㲻⣬ܿˣԭҶѾ̨ˡ
˿þ޵ӹףĻͲô㿴ˣǸкã۾ҲͻˣСָЩȵȺ˵
˵ҲǣԺģȴԼŪôޡҶ˵ͷ˵


450 ҵķչ3
𣿾˵ٸ˿ģھһˣϤ˵Ǳһûб˿ںܶ˶Ҫһ棬ֻᡣ
֣ǰֻһ㣬ȴ뿴ޣҪһ棡
С˵Щ½Ѿ֪ˣͬУ˽һ㡣
ʲôÿģǸӡҶ˵ͼӣ̶ʱҲһֱǸӡ
ǳԲѾ˵ᡭСҶ˵Ĳ⣬ΪҶװģ֪ҶǲںΪ̫ˡ
ЩѣģԵģҲһҶ˵

ڵȴһ֮ϵͷϷҪʼˣļҪߵһҹĹȨֻҪɫȥĹһҹҲǺܶҪžòģǾҪ
ӣǸˣϰ壡Ȼʱˡ
ʱ򣬶ƺûʲôˣҶ˵ıϣոյָҶ˿ոǸСﱾҪߵģȴ
öյĻ˵͵Ҷǲˣȥ飬ѵɵĻᣬȻ˾ͲҪ
µĸɡҶ˶ƺеӡ
ǵģӣʶСһˣֻǿϧֵܡеˣطİԣ֪ľԲκ١
˵һǺܺã
Ҳʶ˭˵ʶģҶ˶Դ̷
ƺǴ˵ûʲô˵
ս㲻ȥ𣿡ҶʵҲǺŵҸתߡ
ãֻдˣĻ˸𡣡ҡҡͷص
Ҷ˴һ£˵ﻹֹȷ֪ǲ˸أ
ûרŵˡ

ܿ죬̨֮ϳһ޶˵ĳŮˣ̨ۣɦŪ˵˵ţĹǲɶõŮλעˣóǧҪԼ
𣡡
˺еԽԽȡ
һԡ
Ҷ˿һ˳ֵʱ򣬾ֱӹˣΪϲͣŮˣһ֪Ըġ
ҶߵŮ˻ҪҶ˵ı飬ʧˣֻڴڶʲôϲ
ȻڶôͳϾһҪһ־һҹȨ
һٽңһٽңãˣ
ǡ
ڶĵطҲڲɶģȻıߴģҶܸоһƭЩȵˡ
ŮҪȵһҪԸһ㣬ԣҶһβȤˡ
Ҷ˲ȤȴȤϰ壬ĽżǮǹ˵ģٽҵӮˡ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ڴϰ壬һǧңʱ򻹲ǻصԼĿڴ֮С
ȻϲĻԼ͵͵ΪʲôҪŪ԰Լ
ϰ治ǸҶʱ򣬺Ǳӵ˵ͬʱһڲ裬ƺûʲôˣҪȥ׼ˡ
ˣҪжҪȥǰļУǼûƵף
ѹᣬҲڴģӵûмʡ
ˣһʱûҼ崿֬ζȫͬ
һ㣬ԴҲŻ˸ӵģ
ۣҶ˻׼ڲ˵ģʱһڲ˳
˹ӣȻǿˣƺ̫˰ɣպܿñҶ˵Ĳȫˣ󱻴󽵵͡
ԲҲǹģ֪Ů˭𣿡Ҷ˵Ǹ֮󣬾׷ʶ⡣
ҾͲ֪ˣЩ鲻ҹܵģôˣŮȤ𣿡ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûȤֻǡ
ҳһǧңĺҶ˵Ļϡ
ǧܿ죬˾ֱӼӵǧòǸ塣
ǧ
ǧڱصãǵ۷ֱ
ˣҪˣ޳ܵļһԽ߶ԽкôҶΪ֮ܡ
ǧˣûиߵģǧ
ǧҶûǸ˵꣬ͳˣһۣȫĿҶҪ֪˭ͻȻǧ
ʱʲô˿ԻǳԿ顣


451 ּС㣨1
ող˵ûȤ𣿡еֵʵ
ûȤҲˣҶ˵ػص
ѲɡҶ˵Ļ֮üͷ΢΢ƺ뵽һЩʲô
ǧ˵
һ򣡡Ҷ˲˵

ʱ˶ΪǮˣ˶Ҷڵλãﶼ룬˭
һңɲСĿԺܶ˵һ֣ȴһĵһҹҲ̫ܼˡ
򣡡ŭ˵
ʮ򣡡Ҷ˺ܲ˵
ȫһƬž
쵰õó𣿡һ£Ȼŭ˵
ܲţó𣿡Ҷ˻صʱѾ̨
Ǹ￴ҶˣеɻҶеϤôҲ벻
ϰ壬˵㣡ŭȵԣòҵģ˭ҶôĽҡ
½֮ϣܴһҵѾϡˣ
ϰ壿ô˵绨ѩ¥ҶҵʮӵģʲôϵҶڶ䣬ܲ˵š
Ѿˣ½ɵģµϰ壡ŭ
½ɵģΪʲôõĻϵƣΪʲôӣ֪֪ռ˵˽˲ƲǺصģҶ˻ƽ
Ҷ˵Ļʵ˶ֻ֪ǴҶһֻ۱һֻۣϾҵӴ󣬲ҡ
׷ҲһԿùľ塣
ֻƺֻԼҿԺߣ
ߣȥҰ㣬ھŮʱҲ֧ңҶҵĲƲǲ֪˶٣ŵ˵
仰ʵҲ˵һ£ǾҾǽλģҶҵͬʱҲҵġ
ҲΪˣԲŴ绨ѩ¥⣬ƺûв֮ǰռЩҶҲƲҶҵת绨ѩ¥ûеģ
˵ˣ֪ܲҶ˵˽˲ƲҶҵģһؼһ㣡
ǲģʱҶ˻ҪģȻϲܼңϲĶҶ˵˵
Цţ֪վǰ˾òҶˡ
ú˷ѿˮҶǵǰ棬ʲôôܵˣߣ
ԣҶʶǿڲ֪ˡ
ǹ￴ҶˣеԻ
ߣҪ˰ǮĻԽԽҶǿԼ
˲£ǮҲһ㣡Ҷ˶ЦЦ˵

ʱȫĬˣû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼⲻֱ𣿱ȸոյǮѹӾ
ҵģչһܺ棡
⻰ʲô˼Ҫ𣿡ʼˡ
㣬ȣﲻģΣⲻˣǾˣС㣬ңôŪģҶһߵǹҲеС㡣
ûС㣬ﾹȻѪǸѪ㣬ǸϲҶоŮӣͬʱҲµѪʮ
ǡС㿴ҶˣѾ֪Ҷ˭ˣֻôһˣֻΪʲôҶӣ
һ㣬СҪʣܿף鲻ʡ
ʲôң˵ôᱻץģ֪֪Ҷֱʵ
Ҳ֪˵ԴջʳǣҾˣʲôˣСе㲻ʵһŰֽСѪûг֮⣬ʲô֪
ոյǸȻô֣СȴԼҲ֪
˭һ˳ģСأҶڿñˣ˵Ǳˡ
㻹˵Ļһݺݵһ٣ҪСһ㣡Се㵣ĵ˵
Ҷ˳ĬһᣬȲ˵ˣ˭һģ
һҪģǶ˵ҿһ˳жˣҾѧһΪ㡭СҪ˵ȥ˵ΪҶѧϰҲҪѧϰһ¡
Ѫ֮УѧϰȻǿ𹤾ߡ
ȿȣҶ˴СĻ˵ǲǣҲӦ֪ͨһңҺȥ㣬ڱƭҺڣȻ˶Ҫùˣ
ǰ˾ԻᵹùѪѪʮǸˣѪȺ˻׷Ź˲Ź֡
Щ˲⣬Ѫһ֣Ҫһ֡


452 ּС㣨2
ǲǵҲڣʱһ߱ŵе㲻ˬˣ·չڣˣҲˡ
Ҳǵ㲻ڣǸĴڣ㻹ʲôҪ˵㾹Ȼƭһû˶ѾǿˣҶ˿壬˵֮󣬾˵һ仰
ҹȥ
ɫúѿ벻ԼȻ˺ȥ
˰ҰС£ҪúõĽѵһȻԺ
ҶˣǻҶ˵ӣȫ˳绨ѩ¥Ҷ˳ûʱڵģҪҶ˾Ҫһ⻰Ҳвʲôġ
˳ĬһᣬȻһЩ˾Ϳʼˡ
ʲôڲҶ˵ģҵģ˵ԾͿԣŭ
Ҳһ޷ֹȥȺ޷
˼ӣʮӵҪģԺ֪Ұռĵطôȥ˺ֱ˵
ǣʮӻؿǲ

һӣֵĳ棬ڱЩѰ;Ȼȴ˴룬ҶӰȻܴ
СӣҪɱ㣡忴Ѿβסŭ𣬳ҶˣһŭƺҪҶ˺һ
Ҷ˶Դ˱ֵĺƽûʲô֪忿ʱһȭͷһȭصػţֱӽ˳ȥ
ţҶߵʹŤߣ˵ţոյһȭΪСģڣΪռߡġ
Ҷ˵ԼʱѾŷֱӽ߷˳ȥߵϡ

ĬһĳĬȻҶ֪ûʲôãôױеġ
ǣʱ򣬾Ȼ˶Ҵ˳֣
˶Ҷˣĳ񡭡
ҹ
Ҷ˵һŭȣʣµЩ˶ʼˣǲ뱻ȥҲʵȴǿĺꡣ
ЩŮҲ뿪ǾͺߵˣҶ˿Щ˵
ߣԺôӣͷʹ
ȥǣ˵ӦûǡҶ˵סˣһҪ뿪Ȼأ
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ңҵĻͲأʰߡҶҡҡͷ˵
˭ҵˣ񲻹ǵ£ҪӵŶԣ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҲҵģӦûŮˡ
ŮʣΪʲôסˣףŮʲôϵġ
Ҳ֪Ҷڻش
ʲô㲻֪յ˶ʵ
ţҲ֪Ҷ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ô϶Ůʵ˻أպǲ⣬˵ȫûеġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪ĸоǸ̬Ůˣóжϣ

ˣҲˣ˺û뵽Ҷ˾ȻԼҲ˵ڻ̫ۣҲҶ˵С뿪ˣһȺɻǡ
Ļǵ˵
⣬Ƕյ˿ǵ⣬˵˶Ҷ˵ΪԼѾˣһֻҪҵڣͲ⡣
Ϊܶ˶ǺܿͻԼΪʲôûͬʱҲףΪʲôŮʲ£Ҵķʽ޷ĥ
Ȼˣ뿪Ҳв٣СǽӴҶˣҲ֪ΪʲôҶ˵Ļǿŵġ
УܶǳŶյĶ뿪ֻҪŶնѣ
˾ȥͶˣΪ̵Ŷ˲ٵ˲š
ʦĶβô£ڰ֮СͿʼȥҶ˵β䡣
ǼٵģŪģҲǡҶ˿ʼС˵ˣһ̾СҪģҪҶѧϰҶΨһѧ
Ҷڰ·֮УһȻŰȥŵǱߣô飬Сĳ֣ҪչС㡣
ҶʱûʵѪСȥѪһصķֻûеĻѪͲѪˡ
Ҷƺû뵽ǣСѪļ֮£ѪûзСһߣ׼СΣյʱ
ҶȴĪĳ֣ðѪееһ޷ϳҶ˭
֮Ҷ˦˵ͬʱҲѪ˦ˣһ㣬ҶеģȫʧһȺ˵ܼ֮¡


453 ּС㣨3
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ŵȿҶߵС㣬Ϳʼŭˣ
Ҷ˾ȻһŮӻ֮ǰ˵ȥ绨ѩ¥ⲻ˵һ£Ůӻп¥Ůӡ
飬˭޷̣ҲܹŵȻŭ
˭ѵ˵ģŵѹסŭʵ
ţҶ˵ͷȷġ
ʲô˼ǲҪҰøŵס˷쭵ŭ
øһˡҶ˵
ȥ㵹ŵһž˹ȥ
ԣŵˣҶҪͬߵϷҪһ˫
Ҷ˶ŵȵĹȻ˵ʲôģ㰡չһ£ҪؼȥŪǶˣ
㻹֪£һΪˣԣôܴŮ˻㲻ݱҴ𣿡ŵͻȻ뵽⣬֮ǰҶһֱ˵ҪǷϵĻʲô˼
ʲô֪ҵݡҶ˲˵
ʲô֪ݣŵù𣿡ŵȾҶɫ֮ʲôˡ
ȻŵùҵѧҶһӡ
ѧŮ𣿡ŵԻˣѧŮ˵ĻӦòƺѵ˵֮ǰʶģ
ŮˣŶ˵绨ѩ¥ЩȻˣĶʲô߰ģƭģҸոպÿͰȳѾͷˣԼ˶֪Ҷûؿŵȣһ˼ôô
ŵȳĬԼոյǴһ㣬˵ҲܴϹϵҲܹ
С㣬ŵȣĺ壬㲻ˣʱСŵȵβͣŵȾһ£Сһ汦ӡ
˭ܿóСڻɣŵҲҶһģǼٰġ
Բ𣡡Сŵ˵ԲʮֵĳϿҡ
û£ҺһŮȻҾͻɱ㣡ŵ˵ŭһҶˣҶ˱Լβ͡
βǲģԣֻйϵ֮˲ſԡ
֪Ѿ߹ңǵβͶõģҶƺŵȵ˼
ˣСͽˣտһ̻˼СһŰֽҶͻȻԸ
⻰ʲô˼˵Ҳ𣿡ŵȿҶˣĿͺҪһ㡣
㵱Ȼ࣬Ǻ꾫Ҷ˵⻰ˣûٺŵȼȥΪʱˡ
С㣬ʲôѧʲôˣŵҶ֮󣬾ͿʼСʣҶ˿ĻͻῼǲӦôСߡ
ҸʦѧģѪѪʮСû˿ķ֮ģȻֱ˵Լݡ
ŵڵõ֮óĬˣû뵽ǰСﾹȻȻݣҶ˾ȻѪôܵĹϵ
֮ŵȾ̷ԸС㣬Ҫκ˵ԼѪ飡
һߣҹڷߣ͵ĺʱֻҶȴûЩһźɫ£źɫߣװҶլ
ҶǴҡڵֱҶլҶլ˵ȫһĵطҪҪ߾ߣҪ͵͵ġ
Ȼˣ˺ܶҶլķä㣬ڱǰҡڵĽ˭ᷢ˭Ҫץס
ҶڽҶլ֮󣬱ǰԼԭСԺӡ
ףô£ΪʲôĻǰķûôģҶڽӽԼԺ֮󣬾ͷԽǿǷҲԽࡣ
Ȼ仯Ҷ˻׵ĴЩȻԼԺӸ׼ǱԼԺӡ
⡭

ͻȻضʼ߽Ժյþһ¶졣
ʱҶĻһᱻ˷֣Һãʱûн
ͬʱҲҶֵҵ飬ԼԼȥĻҲᱻյġ
ȻҶ˲֪ԼʲôˣԿ϶ҪԼʵǷǳѣҪӳ飡
Ҷ̧ͷ֮ƺһϤĶ
һֿշеĶһֿսı֣Ǵ½ϼΪϡ٣Ϊǿһְҵ
Ⱥ˵ȻʿҲˣ
Ҫ˵ʿˣ˵ոܵķһˣҶ˸㲻ЩˣҪӵĵطô


454 ¼ƻ1

Ҷ˿֪ҪõԼǻܵˣʩʵ̫ǿˡ
֮ǰҶԼĵطرأôҲûôϸѵ˵Ѿʲô
˵ĶõģӦû˷ֲŶԡ
Ҷ˿Կ϶ĶǰһһģûκεĵطƻӦûûзʵҡ
֪ΪãԲŻᱻӣ֪ھܣȴʼ޷⣬һשһߣһȱġ
һ׳գҲ֪֮ⷿвܣ֪ҶţŵĶܻܿıһҵʵΪյ۹Ȼرء
Ȼ˵ر֣ûеʿĵزҲûôܲ͸磬һֻӬ޷롣
ϢѾˣѾǽĵڼˣõ֮ǰǸ֮ЩصԱƺûһţѾϰ
Ѿǵˡϵ˻ش
ʮ٣Ҳͣһ£ܸô鷳֪Ҫá֮ǰеͷʹ˵
ȻҲرģֻûôܣʱ˵һǳʱڡ
ǰʱÿ춼ôҶǸи֣ʤǷģҲһңȻҲûа취֮˵Լķƺġ
ԭֲýʱøˣһǽ֪֮
Ҷ˷ˣڲŷ仯·Ǿе֣ôôˣҶһ뿪ˣķҲӦûŶԡ
ҲʮٵĴǲҪĻͲô鷳˵ףǺЩҲûж𣡡
һڽƽʿ˵﹤ʿΪľ̽ܣҪŪΪʲôⷿӿ˵βơ
ȻĿǰǻ֪滹һʵңֻ֪ҪõĶǻھ
һʿȻҲΨһģͬʱҲҹģǻΪֹʲôķҹء
ǵģҲ͵ʮٵĶҲûֻΪռһƣΪǰʮǵˡ
仰ǶҪиŵĻһǵص㣬޲иţҶ˻ǵˣǸжã
񼣹㳡ĳ֣вȴҲв֪ҽⶼףҶ˵Ĵڱһ޴ޱȵıأĸӵؽĪĺô
ҶˣĹ
ԭյ۹ģֻȴΪһϵı䶯ͳȥͬʱһȺҵĶ֮š
ܶ˶ڿϧΪŮʵȴһ㶼ڣΪĻôܵʵۣ˵Ҫģ
ζҪܶ࣬ЩԸıһʱ˲ſܾͻֶ֮ʧ뿪
ΪͣǲںʧȥģֻںõģͬʱǸںҵ棬ںĻԼ棡
ЩͲҪˣȻŮʵĶУΣˣһڹ֮еʿ˵Щ飬ǲȥ̸ֻۣȤ
ţǲҪˣԼȥɣ˶ͷʼǵ飬ķƽƽ⡣
ڴһصԼλ֮Щ˻Ūһ£Ȼ֪ҶһΪʲôֱȥץˣоµĶ
ҶֲֹˣֻЩ˼ȻŪЩ򵥵İ취Ȼֱˡ
򵥵ĵ˶֪ǵҲһֱҶ򵥵ģֻǣȴȥҶˣ
һ㣬ҶڵԽԽ΢˭һǣڶ
ҶģͿͨ˲ҶҶˣȸ۹棬㹻ô˲ȥҶˣֻȸ۹ⷽĹϵΪֹûж֪
ûȸ۹ⷽҲҪھûκιϵҲû⣬ΪʥͦҶˣ
ֻҪʥһ棬Ѿֹ˵뷨Чķʥڴ½ĵλͺ΢
׿Щ˵ҶҲץסˣץסˣҲһܵõʲôô
ˣץҶ˱򵥵İ취ʵ򵥣ܻ鷳˸ˡ


455 ¼ƻ2
ǻȥŵǺ꾫취ƻһ㣡
Ҷʱˣǰ鷳һҪƻУԼôƻЩһʧܣҪרҵġ
ŵºãҶǶԱȽ϶һ㣬Ǳ
û°ɣûУһֱȴŵŵȣҶ˳֮󣬾ʵ
ŵһĻл˯С㣬ƺ˯ˣΪŵȵĶҲϱˡ
ûУе鷳ҶҡͷȻ˵鷳ƺûо鷳顣
ΪŵȵǻۣΪ֪鲢żеʱֻûõ
ô£ŵæʵ
ģҶ˿ʼ˵Ÿոյ飬͵͵ĶԻȻǺЩ˵˼
˵ǰԺӣѾܰţʿҲڣŵеͷʹĲ˵ʿͷʹˡ
ʿҲʲô˵ʿʵǿ˵ĴڣҲ˲ɺԵġ
һǿĴڣ
ţǺ֪ҪһҶ˵ͷ˵
ǷһҪǸʵˣŵû˵ЩǺˣôöԸԼǳٶۡ
ǣʵҵġҶ˷
ŵȳĬָոյĻôһ㲻ʺϣҶ˲һûԼĶ
ʦ㽨ʵҵʱûܵСʱʵһصĵط֮ܵĶ
УҶ̵ͷ˵ŵȷһᡣ
ʲôܵĻΪʲôֱܵŵڷӦ֮󣬾׷ʵ
ȻܵĻΪʲôǸģֱܵүôԺģҪѡ
ֻǣҶʱȴɻؿŵȣ˵ܵҲҪȽܵȻôã
ŵȳĬһᣬȻ̽Եʵѵ˵˵ܵڻԺ棿
ţҶ˵ͷ
ôôȻܵȻҪŪĵطŵе˵
Ҷʱ򣬺ȻػصŪĵطʲôҽǺܲˡ
үò˵ܵڡŵͻȻ뵽һԣҶ˿ܻ˵ܵϾҲصĳڡ
صڣܵ
ţҶ˵ͷ
Ȼ
ĳмŵüͷ΢΢һ¡
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ˣϢ취룬ҲˡŵüҶȥϢԼȥϢ
Ҫȥһ飬̽飬ȻӦİ취ⲻҶҪȥ
ţҪһƻҶ˵ͷȻȥϢˡ
һү죬ô̵ʱ䣬а취ȿ˵ˡŵ˵еεӣĻ档
֪ˣҲԼҪˡ
ȥ˲鿴һϸŵŵĹȥȥǺ鱨Աһǻ۵Ĳ壬飬Ȼȥ
ǲһúģˣռ鱨顣

ʦˣϴˮѾˡ
Ҷ𴲵ʱ򣬷СѾʲô鶼׼ˣͺһĵŮһҶҪ鶼ˡ
ҶȻүַſڵү
һ㣬ŵȾúܲƾʲôҶ˵ʲôطźţոҶ˵ʱǸʱ̫ʋĻ椣ھͱС㡣
߻һֱһСˣ˵СΪܻᱻϳݣҶ˾Ҫ˱椣ͽСｻ椡
ھСԽܸӸӵǾҶ˵Ȼһ֮£ڻ椵ģ
һ򵥵˵ǣΥҶ˵
Ȼ˵СҶ˵İܴʵԴСĴҲҶʧȥһЩճж档
ҪǣҶ˾ԼİΣûлҪСﱣ椲õľ
磡
Ҷ˿ŵȵʱ򣬺ò磬ֻŵȶǲˬڵ֮оͿԿ
ʲô磡ŵȺǲˬغߵ
ôˣҶ˴һŵȵ
ûʲôŵȻĲˬ
Ҷ˶ŵȿһᣬŵе㲻˼Ϳ˵ˣȻˣǾ˵˵⣡


456 ¼ƻ3
ȵȣ꾫йζ۾һ죬òһҹû˯ɣҶ˿ŵȣŵȴĻ·һƣ֮⣬ܲ
еģܷ֡
ȻҶ˷еŵҲúܲˣϾҶٶ۵ˡ
ǵģΪһû˯ңҲΪ㣬Ϊ峤ˣŵȿҶǸмӸжеܲĵǾܲ
Ҷ˵ıֻǳһᣬܿͱ仯ˣе㲻ͷ˵ţ˵ϻʲô취
ŵҪ˵ĳ嶯ҪݺһҶûĵļһ
Ҷʱ򣬵ȷǺûģ˼ŵȿΪ°ҹˣȴ˯ô˵⡣
ˣƽˣҪ
ŵȽеĳ嶯ѹһ£Ҷе㲻ˬ˵˲һ£ӵõϢǰԺѾǱصأͨı죬ҲѴȥ
ʱŵȵ֮ƺһݵĸоƺûҶ˾ȻĴڣǰסĵطȻȫ½Ŀ⡣
ҲΪϢһЩϢ˵ȫ½עԭʥǵ񼣹㳡
ŵȻҲе˽⣬֪Ҷ˴񼣹㳡һ񼣣Ϊʥǵλ񼣹㳡֮ϻкܶˡ
񼣹㳡֮ʱŵҲȥһΣҶ˴ʲôӵģֻ֪ԼһӶûᡣ
ʥǲ˽ʥǣ仹ŵͽ
񲢲ǹŮ񣬶񣡣
ŵȿҶ΢΢һЦ˵ҪҲ˵ûа취ֻҪһ£һ⣬˳лһʱ䣬ʱ̣ܶҲױ֣ңҪһ㣬ҲǱȽ鷳ģҾ뷨ų
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ЩƻȻҪŵȺܶѪô࣬ȴΪʺҲ򵥵ķˡ
ЩûҶһҲûУ˿ûҶ˼
ΪʲôųҶûע⵽ģֻǾ֣Ȼ¿еֻͨ鷳һ㣬ΪʲôҪųأ
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ţҵ׻ûɣҵһȷúܶࡣҶ˵ͷûŵ⻰˼ֻ˼شĻѡ
Ȼһ㣬Ǿúõģ˵ˣҲ򵥵Ķ࣡ŵ˵
ҶеԻ
ŵǿҪϢ۾ЦЦ˵ȻѾҶңõǵףҪҶլ֮õ׵Ķ࣡ô˵ҵֻһס
ûˣѾҶҵĳ̶ȣҪĽһѣҪȫ޷֣ҪȷܵҶլҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
˵ҲǣҪŪҵһףֻҪ㶨¾ͿˡҶһȻӣƺڲ
Ѿ֪ϣŵеʵû˵֪ϢǸոմ²ãҶӦû֪²Ŷԡ
ţҼ£Ҷ˵ͷ
ŵȴһ£ʵ˵ʲô
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ûж˵ʲôɵȻĻҵļƻҪˣŵؿڣƺ˵ĵ飬ͬʱҲﰵ˵ţôүԵ
鱨үƺеǣ
үϲϲС㣿ŵ̽Եʵ
ϲҶ붼û̷⡣
ŵ֮ƺһȻЦ˵ãȻĻҪñȥִƻˣ
ʲôƻҶ˿ŵʵ
ӽ£취Ǽףŵ˵
ʲôƻҲ֪Ҫʲô취Ҿи취ҶҪ˵Լİ취ŵȴˡ
㲻˵İ취ƾգǲеģķǵʱǲǸ鷳𣿡ŵҡҡͷҶ˻û˵ڵİ취


457 Ѫ壨1
ŶͿ˵ʲô취ɣҶ˵ͷİ취ȷҲյķ룬ԣԴ˱˳Ĭ
֪׷£ڰ;Ͱ˼Ҹˣڸһλᣬ׷һΣ취Ūŵ˵
Ҫ׷ǲҪ˰ɣ㻻˰ɡҶ˶е㿹ܣΪ׷ұ˼Һݺݵˡ
ˣҪƭŮӵĸ𣿡ŵʵ
룡Ҷҡҡͷ
ǲͽˣ»ȽϺãŵȺǲشС
Ҷ˴صͷ˵ðɡף԰ȥ׷Ҳƭ𣿡
ûƭĸ飬ѾйһˣٶһҲҪˣȥ˯ˣ׼һ£¸һȥ׷ŵ˵˵ţͽ뷿䣬Ȼȥ˯ˡ
׼ʲôҶ˲֪ԼҪ׼ʲôǣǾŵѹ˵ȴС¡
С㣬ߣҴȥѪ飬ƺѾϢˣҶѪ黹һϵѪĹϵǺ΢ģûˡ
Ϊȸ۹ԭ֮⣬Ѫ鱾Ҷ˻ǱȽϿصģѪѪߣоС㡣
Ҷ˻֪ڵѪǹ£һεѪһ
ţֻǹ£ŵĻǻʵ۱ˣΪ֮ǰĽѵѪ鱻ƿء
ֻǣѪһ㶼ֱӹʵ۹ܣԣͰҶ衣
Ȼֻһ裬ҲѪĹϵ΢ˣѪһЩ飬ֻҪΥѪĳԣΣȸ۹档
ʦٻѪ飬һкܶҪ㡭Се㲻ȥòײҶˣôŹᡣ
ʲô⵽Ѫˣﲻ㣡Ҷ˵Ǽùģ
ˣҶ˿ɲ֪Լŵȵ˵Ĺϵ֮󣬾Ҫչˣ
ҲΪʱѾˣ˿
үҪϵĵַȻôҵ㰡ҶҪ˵ʱ򣬸ոսŵͻȻˣ֪Ҷ˻ˣҲ֪Ҷһϵʽ
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¥Ŀǰʳһ¥ͬʱҲṩõ񣬺ִĴ;ƵһģҲЦ֮ǿƾģҶƺһϵˡ
ҲҪ̫ˣеִ磬Ͼ˶Ϥģŵڵõش֮󣬾ͷԸһ䡣
Ҷ˵ѡһֻѡõģǼİܼңİܼǾ޽еģĵطŵ±˻ϳ
ŵȾҶڵװ磬ƺѻ˾һ壬ųҵĻɣ
ֻǣҶ˵Ҳ˻ỳɵ棬Ȼǲҿ϶ҶֳϤһ棬ǼҵĿ϶
ʱ򣬳ʲô˭Ҳ˵׼ˣ
֪ˣôţһǺܵ͵˵Ҷ˰ڰ֣Ǻ뿪ˡ
͵ŵҡҡͷһ·ϹѾҶ˵ĵ͵ʲô

ǵػ
۰ĸ
ھ԰֮ҶС˻ʳ֮еѪڵأطһ֮Уⲻ֪Ѫϰߣһɺϡ
Ҷ˽Уһе
СУһϤ
ôҶһ¡
ǣ
ͱʾһϣҶҶʶˣ
Ѫ֮У˭ҶʶģҪĻܼǵõģòƾôһѾˡ
Ҳ˵ҲֻɵǣѪѪߣ
Ѫ壬ȷǸС쵰𣿡
Ҷ˿Ѫе⣬Ѫ߿Ҷ˵ʱǷǳ⣬е㲻ţǰ˾Ҷˡ
ţǣȻӱˣϵζûб仯Ѫͷе䵭˵š
԰ɣȻǸʱС㣬ӦӵģǺİɡѪ߿ҶˣϿ£һɻ
Ѫҡҡͷ˵Ǻ壬Сô£
˶ĿǼùģ˷־鷳ˡҶʵش˭֪Ҳס
ţȷΣաѪͷȻߵҶ˵ߣСֺݺݵһҶˡ

Ȼ֪Σգ㻹ʲô
ߣ˭㵱Ҳܣ۸ңҪû᱾


458 Ѫ壨2
ΪףΪ˸峤ƣҶ˶Ѫ弸ƺûκεԼʲô飬ΪʲôĿģֱӵ˵˳
ΪѪŮΪ֪Ѫ֯ǲὫԼ˵Լܡ
峤ףƣ⵽ôһ£
Ҷ˵ļʣѪ߾ò⣬ͿʵѪȴվһ߿ҶˣЩûȤֻ֪Ҫ֪ҶʲôľС
峤ǻ椵ĸףˣҪƣԣҾˣѪߡҶ˵
һ㡭Ϊףʲôط׼ôȥãѪߵͷҶ˵Ҳǲģ֪˭ֻû뵽椵ݾȻô߹
ƺ޹أҲϸ
Ҷ˵Щ֮УԵóһͨĻɫȻԻֺαҶΣյĵط
طһҵʵңܿأ޷롣
Ҷ˵ʵҵʱѪѪߵƺһ˿ֵı飬е㴥
˵ʵ֮УһףѪʵ仰ƺҲ˵֪Ҷ˵ʵҡ
ţռģûɣһװҶ˵ŻصѪ֪ʵҲû⣬ûв
˵һףѪߣҪѪ
ѪͷǲˬضѪҲֻѪĵλƺָ˺ܶࡣ
ΪǸʱѪһֱҶһ𣬾ΪϵĹϵҲòˣܵĹա
ȻѪ˿ûӰ죬ǰһֻɱˡ
һҪĴ֮֮һȻҲǺѣȽϼ򵥣ˣѪ˵һרҵƭӣǸôƭһŮӣҶͻȻ뵽ѪߵְҵרŸƭ˵ĹҪƭŮӦʲġ
ƭŮӣҪƭ˭Ѫһʵ
ȻˣҪٴ׷ƭĸ飬ԹԵİ·ѵҶװһӣͺּƵóѵӡ
ȥѪһŽҶ߷ɣҶƺҲûжڿһƯķȵڵϡ
ҶƺΪǰ۸СѪ壬ԶԴ˾ҲƽǸʱǽѪӹӹȥ̶Ҫܶࡣ
Ȼˣ۸Ѫ壬ҲΪѪ֮ǰ۸
˾۸۸˶ԴѾϰΪ
ΪʲôңİҶе㷢˵
ģҪȥƭѵ·ѪŮú⣬ǱΪҶ˸ոֻǿЦģġ
ѵ·Ҷ˾ͬʱҲڿ϶顣
ʲôֱȻһСɫҪ·ңҶ㿴ˣˡѪ߷ֵؿҶһۣúܶΪ֮ԡ
ѪȻߣģʮֵǻһ˵Ļһᱻ⻰סҷԼ֮ǰ뷨
ֻǣֻһˣҶˣҶǿһѪߣֱӾ˵ʲôʱ򿴹㣬㣿
ҵ·棬ҵѪ¶˫糺죬ָԼزָͻ
Ѫ߱øӵˣΣξƷ
ѪߣҪԸҲȥԸˣҪãѪ巢һɱӱ䣬ѪĴһӴѹȥ
Ȼֱ仯Ҷ˶һо˵Ѫջ󣬻ѪɱǺƽĶȫֵһᡣ
˵Ǹʱ֪ǶʲôͺһһҶ˻һ£ļ֮УûаѪߵززΪǸʵ̫Сˡ
Ѫ˫ĿҶˣʾ
Ҷ˿һԼؿڣȻ˵ǹ㳡

ˣⲻҪˣС˵˵ѵµ·ѵ·ʲôһģѪʵУ㵽ΪʲôҪѵѵ·
Ѫ岻Ҷ˻ֺɫ֮ͽȥѵŮӵ·ٲΪɫȥƭһŮӡ
ѵ·ԼԸ·öңѵģǾǷ񡣡Ҷ˵˵úǺˡ
ѪҲе㲻⣬ܿˡ
˵ѵ·һⶫѵףѪ뵽ʵ


459 Ѫ壨3
ţףھµϣⶫѹ֮ǲóģȻ·ҲᱻŪơҶ˵
ԭһΪСɫˡ
ˣѪ߻ģƭеģҲڰ֧Ԯ㣡Ѫ˵
ιιѪ壬ˣȥƭŮӣѪ˵⻰е벻ͨˡ
ʲô𣿡Ѫɻ
Ȼ⣬ȥСɫȥƭŮӣô˵е֡
ѪߺΣѪѪ⣬еٶۣ鶼ϣһȥæ
Ȼˣ⻰ǲ˵ɲҵѪɱ˲գ۵Ůħͷ
˵ûû⣬СɫҲµϣٰƭѪεȻȥȡµϸϣΪѪ飬Щһеġ
ˣôҶͻȻ뵽ǻûлشԼ
Ϊ㣡Ѫ˵
ң֪Ҫ𣿡ҶֵʵҵǺصģû֪İ
Ҷ˵Ȼûע⵽ڼʱѪжôľϲԲ֪ģ
ûУǲ֪Ѫҡͷ
Ҷ˼ʵΪʲô˵Ϊң
Ϊ㣬㲻Ҫʵңһ֪ʵңǰסԺӣѾ½Ľ㣬ҲҪʲôԵõʲôѪ˵
ûѪѪߵҲΪҶ˵ǸԺӣʱǻûκεжֻڹ۲ѡ
ΪḻѪ飬Ȼ֪طһرأûв̽ʵ£ǲᶯֵġ
ҲԼûж֣Ȼھյ۹Ľ
ƺѾˣΪǵõõˣҶ˶ˣǻҪȥŪʲôֱҶ˾Ϳˡ
ҲԽͣΪʲôСᵥΪͲǵѪ˻һ
ѪʹСõһ֮ȥڷ֮ǰֹǸʱҶ˵ĳȥĴ㡣
ʱڳԲ֪ҶˣֱҶ˴ϢѪ֪֮ҶѾ
ԭʵҲûʲôҪôʦڵ𣿡Ҷףͬʱһ㲻ס
㲻֪Ҵ𺳣񼣹㳡Ǵ޵ֻǻ˼Сʱʱ䣬˭Ҫܸ˴棡Ѫ˵
ղ˵ģҲ˵þõģҪһҶҡͷԴ˲ô⣬ʲô˲ġ
С壬ǶҵβͣǼٵġ
ѪӸոտʼһֱûгΪһֱҶ˵ߣҶ˵ġβ͡оǶǺ䣬ɫĳ
Ĳ࣬СҰɱ˻᷽ܶࡣѪ嵭˵ɱ˹ߣһƽģҲֻˡ
Ҳǽ̹ʵҲ࣬һĵߡҰһ㣬ҪʲôģҶʵ
һġѪҲûж룬ֱӾҪҶһĺ塣
򵥣бõģ׼СõġҶһ˵ţһ߾óһԶװѪͷϣβͣͷ޸ġ
һᣬҶ˾ͽѪһɰĺ壬ҪǱŵȿĻͻᾪԼʲôʱһͬ顣
ĸı䣬ѪǾȣС˷ܣѪǺܵȻóһ澵ӣһ¾еԼȻ󵭵˵

Ѫ壬עģڻǲҪˣСɫŪŪѪҲеԾԾԵӡ
˵ĻҲһĵѪɱ֣ĵط˵ӵȷǺҡѪ߾ͲһһƭӣҪע⡣
ҲΪѪߵĻױҪѪܶ࣬Ҷ˻ҪȻ棬ҪҶ˲ܶࡣ
Ҷڰû˻עҵģ졭Ѫ˵
С㣬ʲôʰɣҾҪˡҶҲûѪѪߣֻǹԼѧ⡣
ţкܶ⡭СͷԼҪʵһʳҶ˻ͻȻߵԼʡ
ҶҲǺĵе⣬ȻһĽ𣬵ȻЩҲ˲µ⣬ҶȻǺĵĽ꣬޷׵ģͻֱʾ
ΪһʦҶƺְģĻ϶ǳ򵥵ķӵ


460 ¥1
СһţѪڽӹµ֮Ϳʼ취ѪǴͷβҶûгҲûЩ⡣
ֱĳʱĵѪʧһʱ䣬ȻٴγҶ˵ߣҶˡ
緹ʱ䵽ˣԷɣ
Ѫ彫˰ӣһЩҳСˣȴܾ£ƺǳѪС
ףεĲô֮ǰζһӻ𣿡Ѫ߳һڲ˱˵˸ĸоǺܺóԣ֮ǰĲᲢۡ
Ѫϲ³ˣٻ˳ԣҶ˻Ͼû˳ѪҲҶ˵ĸܳѪµһɱֵĳա
Ҷ˳ŶҪ˵ʲôʳ˵ܸɴķˡ
ķҪ˵Ѫһ˸Ҷˣ˵š
Ѫ壬Ҳ̫ƫˣǽôˣҲûмв˸ҹһߵѪߺ˵
Ҫ𣿡Ѫһɱ˹ȥ
û˵ѪߵͷԷ
СԹԵŷԷԼԼвˣȻҲ᲻ģͻȻһҶˡ
Ѫ߿ԼҲҪҶ˼еˣΪȻһûиҶ˼вˡ
Ҷ˷ԼĲ˺Բ꣬һֱһֱС

ˣ͵Ϊֹ¥ҡҶ˵֮󣬷ѾˣѾ˵ôˡ
ţСͷȷҪܾá
СҪס¥𣿡Ѫʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǵģҪסñǲʶģʲôʹϢҡ
һñݽ¥б㣡ѪƺûҶ˵Ļһ㣬ľĸɴ࣬ҲǱ޷ıġ
㣬ҪװʶҶҲνѪǲܷĴڡ
ţǽǲֵģѪͷ˵
ǶȥˣҲȥȻһݽȥǾ㿴ңҲһϳѪЦЦҲ׼μϷҪ¥
ҡ￴飬ǡС֣ƺԼûôֻ￴飬硣
ţҶ˵ͷѪѪ߱ǶһǾҲʲô⡣
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ˣСɫҪƭ׷£ƺеѶȰò⣬Ҷ˵ƺ飬ҺѪ߻ǼǵõģΪ˺ܾá
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֪Ҷ˺ܸɴҡͷ
֪ѪҡҡͷӵõһЩϢҶǸ׷ƺҲ׷󣬾ͺһ־һ
ͻȻȥͻȻ
£֮Ů游۴Ԫ˧Ҳҵļ丸Ҳһѡ֮УߵģһΣ۽״£ƺ֤飡
Ѫ߽鱨һ£˵£С似֮Ź˵츳Ҳͨоս֮ʮֿõһλŮ˼̳ھĵλ
½Ů˳Ϊͳ˧ټֻҪͿλá
ҲǰӿʼѾʼ²ٵսһСУξǲɶģ
ԭȥˣ԰ſҶ˲廰ȻǴӾĻͲӦóŶԡ
ΪѾΪʳǵسУξУξĺǺܸߵģҪ߳ܶ࣬Ҳٴ˵²򵥣
ʳǵУξ򵥵˵ǡ١
ԭҶ˵ֻǸ£ȴû³ΪʳǵسУξҪͻӵѡ
˵Ҫ׷͸ˣѪߵ˵׷µˣǿԴӳǶŵ⻹ȽϿԵġ
ʲôѵģҿԲӣҶ˺ֱӵ˵
ѪŮĬҶ˵Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ӣҲһ׷ܾ֮У֪壬Ҳ׷ܾˣ
ܾ˾ͼ׷£Ҷ˺ܲ˵׷ܷܾôء
ǰ׷˼ҷ㻹һ׷Ϊϲ飬ʲô£ԲԣѪ߿ҶЦ˵֪ҶСʱԭô档
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ţûһС˵ô࣬㻹ûиңôȥƭǲûа취ĻҾŵȵģˡ


461 ¥2
˭˵ûа취ŵ˭Ҵ𣿡Ѫŵ֣֪һһŮӣŮŮӱȣȻǲ䡣
ţܴȲҶ˵ͷŵҪܶ࣬ȻֻãʵǲǾֻбȹ֪
˵ǻ۶ԣŵҪʤѪߣƭԣŵǱȲѪߡ
ҲţѪߺߵ
Ҷ˲˵Ų㣬㵹ǿ˵취ҲԶԱһ£ǵ˭һ㡣
ãȶһ£˭Ѫ߿ʼˣҶ׷£ð
üƻҶ׷ʡ
ʲôݣȸ˵Ѫ߲ûֱ˵ƻҶڰݵʲôݡ
ڽиء˹и˹塭
֪һѪͳļ壬֮лǱȽġֻǣΪʲôѡȻʵġѪеֵʵ
ѡģԼģֻ㱨һ֣֪һ˹ġҶе޹˵ţɲðģǱϴġ
Ѫߴһ£еҪЦҶ˵Ļ֮УѾֻһɺϡ
ˣҲǴдţȻݲʵģҲУ֪˹ٻգ㲻õıҴݡѪ˵
Ҷʱַˣҵʲôʼն˵Ǹ˹ˣҿɴûгϹѵո˹𣿡
ˣȻ㶼ѾˣǾͼȥڸ˹ж˽⣿Ѫ߿ҶˣţҶһʲô֪
ȻҶ˺ܿͻص֪Ҷû
ǵϣҪЩסˣȻʵĻͻ¶Ѫһ˵ţһóһϵݸҶˡ
Ҷ˽ӹ˷ɨ˼֮󣬾ͻѪߡ
ȼסˣаġѪ΢΢üҶ˾㲻Щ飬ҲҪ˽һ¡
Ѿס˰Ҷ˻ص
ʲôѪһԴ˺Ǿȣе㲻ţҶǷ˷ѣôܼס
ȫס𣿡Ѫ߶ҶʵҪ׽Ҷ˵ı飬˵󻰵ı顣
ţҶ˵ͷͬʱúѪߣ·˵ʲôʵġ
⵱ȻҪˣſ˼۰ȫסˣôأ
Ѫ߶Դ˺ܲţͬʱַ֣ѪԴ˺һоûУȻ˵Ը䵭Ҳһ㾪֮⡣
Ѫ壬ò֪ʲôɡѪ߾ме顣
ţһĿʮУĿѪͷ˵ѾֹһοҶ˿ٶȣԴȻǺ˽⡣
ʲôѪߡҶѪߣ˵ƻ
ҪƭһŮӵģһҪһĳϣиֵûģͳɹһ룡Ѫɫ
ţ̵ӡǺõĻǻġҶ˵ͷ

ģҲ
ŮҶ˵е֣ӦðѻȥŶԣ
ôУֻʧܣѪ˵
ǰ˵˲Ů˲ԣӰҲǿԵġҶ˴˵ܶ˵ɡ
֪ǴģŪЩϡŹֵۡһˣôŮѪû˵ͬʱ˵Ҷ˵š
ӦǻİɣһЩ˵ߣźܶŮˣȺ˻Ҫ࣡Ҷ˲ΪȻ˵
ЩŮûŮˣЩŮˣҲΪû仵֮ǰǱƭϵġѪֱ˵
ڲƭ𣿡Ҷʵ
ƭƭƭ˼Ҫһӡ»ӡһ㡣ԸǲеģѪе˵
һ𣿡Ҷ˾úûʲôֱ
һŮͬ˵
һͲһɣ˵ô죿Ҷν˵
׷Ůӣ޷ҲͶãϲ顣ƺûرϲ飬ԾеˡѪ˵
Ѫ߸ո˵֮Ҷ˾̷˭˵ģϲ˴ܣϲɫȹӣϲɫõ壬ϲ£ϲһֽдԵϷС
ô֪ôģѪߵŮӶˣû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼôµ顣
׷ҶһǱӣǲǶ֪
ŮĬǵȷûһ㡣


462 ¥3
ô˵һȥ˰ϣѪеԹˣҶ֪ĺϵĻҪϸһҪõöࡣ
ûʣҶ˵

ѪˣȷûʹԼʲô֪
ЩҪǱŵ֪ĻҲһԼȻŹҶҲһҶ׷£Ҷ˿ܶº˽⡣
ŵȱѪҪһ㣬Щ鶼ˣͨһЩµĹ۵Ĺۡ
ϷȷϲģʳһδΧԣʳǺܶ嶼μӣȻϲģҲһμӣãһλȥһ𡣡Ѫ뵽һ취
ΧԣǵΧԵʱ˰µȷμӣǰҲμӹҶ˴˵
ջʳǵΧһͳǹϷƽһԲμӣΧ֮гɼͻˣΪһʱķԣҲһͷʱǹ廹ƽ
ϷлμӣһӦûУɺܼ򵥣ѾϴĲˡ
ȻǰμӹǾ͸ðˣһһҪ˽ӽ£ΧԵʱ֮ãܶᡭѪЦ˵ѾܶУУ
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Ҷһβһɲװ˷ʮ죬ʮһҪжΧԿ˵һܳΪһʼ
ҶҲţŵȸļƻһһھж
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ҶˣѪѪȺ뿪ˣȻȺ¥ס£Ȼȫʶ˽¥
ѪߵòѾˣҶҲʶѪǴɴҲǺܶŮ飬Բûʲôע⡣
Ҷ˰ûжãŵǱ߹ȻǴϢһƻռƻϵĽУƻĿʼϡ
ŵȲÿ϶ԵģҶһС̯֮ϣҪҶ˳ͣҪ½Ӵʲôͨĳ͡
»ȥ֮һᣬҶ޷ӴʱΣԲҪжʲô
»һطϰⲢǾõİгһƽ񶼿Խģ½֮ǰϰߣڶûиı䡣
ҶҲҪȥҲֻϰʲôҪ
ŵȵļƻ֮УҶÿ춼ҪЩطֱЩط̶ЩطҪҪ춼Ҫ飬ֻһӰ죬¾йͬȤ
ŵȵļƻص¶Ҷʲôɣǹ̽Ҷ˶ҪֳһҲ֪ӣҪöԷΪҶ˽һɺϡ
ŵȵļƻױʶƣ¾ҶǹģỳҶ˵Ŀġ
ʵŵȼƻĺģҪ»ɣԽǻɣԽǰҶ˷ϣҶ˵ӡԽԽ
֮ŵҶȫûȥ׷µ̬֮ټһЩġżȻȥɡ
ȥ֮¾ͻҶһǸΣģֻҪõúã׷Ǿֵ
ƻҶ˺ϲΪʲô¶
鷳鶼ŵȰɵģЩżȻ飬ҲǼƻĹؼҪĲ߻ܾá
Ѫڿһļƻ֮Ҳе㿪ʼŵȣΪŵܽҶؽͣȻҶȥ׷󣬵ƺʲôҪȥ
ҲǣҶȥʲôĻҲܿͻᱻˣ
뵽һ㣬Ѫ߾Լе㲻ŵϸȻûпһ㣬Լļƻ֮УЩҪҶȥɣǿܾǳɰܵĹؼ


463 绨ѩ¥1
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ҶҲûйѪˣ˳ԷƺעŶ
ڿʲôѪһѪİţҶ˽šְͨѪһر𹤾ݵģһֺܾɵ𹤾ߣɱеߡ
ر𹤾ӵвСķΧѪ߼ԱӵеģҶôһ
֮ϵֱԣĦ˹İţǱ˹ߣҲй©Ѫܡ
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Ҳ֪Ҷ˺ܸɴĻش
㲻֪ڵʲôѪѪ嶼е֡
Ҷ˿Ƿ绨ѩ¥ظŮҾ;û鷢ᷢʲô飬Ҳ֪
ѪѪ߳ĬˣֻҶ˿ţǲǻʲô鷢
Ȼϣ˶ǸԸģģǸɣ
ʱһȥһֱǷƽ˾ģѪŮΪҶ˵ĸоǴһηԺ
Ҷ˾Ѿû鷢ҶԼҲԼŪ˵ʱ򣬾Ƿ׼һ뿪ʱȻǷˣ
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ڴʱ˿̣Щ뿪벻ˣԼľȻͻᱻǣ浽档
෴ģʱץģǾͺܺڣԼΪʲôȰ棡
ȺھͺܺڣԼΪʲôŶ뿪˻Ц̫Сһ£ͺ뿪ˡ
ڣǲ֪ԼǶô޴
ֻǣǻǣ㲻£ΪʲôᱻٴηˣԼЩΪԽ룬ȫˣһͨڵĵطûС
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ⲻҵ˿ģΪʲôֱˣ˭ܱҵķͷӾأ
ȻǵŮʣȺڼʿֱϽӡǾӢ֮еľӢ֮еĸ֣
Ⱥһ㲻ͨĳϣǳ֣һ㶼鷢Ǻص顣
ҲǴҲ׵ĵطΪʲôЩ˻ʲô
һ㣬֮ǰҲСʱ֮ǰʱ㲻״Ǹʱ屻˴˵ŮҪ
Ůʴʱ֪жô˷ܣǸʱŮһҪԼ֮ǰԼһЩ飬ֵÿ϶ġ
ʵϣҵȷΪһЩһЩǰ;һ㡣
ȻˣǲЩ񣬿ŮʸرļνЩϾǸΡ
Ҳ˵ܵģҲŮΪҵԵʣǸҵһô
ֻǣڴûн֮ǰû˻һǺôҲ飬Ůʳͷ
ֻʲô飬ҲӦûᾪŮʲŶԣ
ҲΪҵ˾Ӧûһ£ӦÿԵõһνǲ֪ǴС
ô˵Ǻ˷ܣһΪ˧ˣ
Ǹʱ򣬻ڻʹ֮УĴһŹҴ£һȥ
ȻǱ̬һ㣬ҵȷǿҪȻʺܶܶ࣬ΪĺһԵʡ
ҲΪžһյ۹Ѿûκεķһһ֧
Ǹƽ񲻻ںĻʵ˭ôλģֻںʵܲ飡


464 绨ѩ¥2
ͬʱΪڲŶʮ겻Ҳкܶ˰ᵱԼռ󣬶Ȣж
ڹ֮УЩ͹ģδģ뷨뷽跨ĽӽᣬҪõĴࡣ
ֻǣϣƺǺãģм֪ô׷ߣˣǸʱỹˣҪע⣬Ȼ³Щһ
˲ţΪᴦľͲһǼ
ڣ˶ףҪȥͼӽᣬٲҪôԵȥӽȻ³·һ
ҪҵľλҪأǣʼȤˡ
·ϣһ·ڴôӶʹͣ࿴ȻͿʼкøС
ֻǣⶼԼһԸ뷨ʲôӵģǾûκο֪û˿Կı飬Ǹ˻
ڴڼ䣬ҲʹᵽΪʲô£ƽ˵ţ˵
ƽĲԹɫǿˣҲûκεĽ˼ͺѱ˲͸½û˿ԸоʲôǱϲŭЩ
ʲôʱЦҶòȷҺãЦĲ࣬Ҳûжٻ˲²⡣
ϣ
Ϊĺʵ̫ˣ
ݼϣ㽵ˣݼ
ҵ壬ĳӣῴ壬ʵ
ǵģϣش
绨ѩ¥ؿ𣿡ỹƽ￴һ飬һ⡣
⡭ǵģȻ㲻ô⣬ʵشˡ
ȻʳˣǾͱʾһ飬ƱĻֻӰ졣
ȻԼˣǾͺðˣˣȥնˣȻͺ˵һƽ飬ǽһ˴

ʲô
˵֮󣬼˶ˣȻ֪˹ϲŭ޳ôҲûҪ
ΪʲôҪնң
ϣȮʲôʾ
ʱֻ常˷Ϊ˶²ؼ߸߹Ⲣ飬ҲǾ±ǣ档
˹¿Ǳ̬ģʲô鶼ó˭֪ȰǲǻᱻǨŭ
ող˵һ⡭˵ţûжͣҲţºѣתء
ҪסĻǾһҪһĴۣһһɹ
ʱǲʲôΪ绨ѩ¥ǵﶼòʲô⣬Ҳﲻ
ϣˡȮһΪ˱סСʱֻ¹飬Ūԭ飬ȷһߡ
Ҫ飿ͣʵ
ǵģӦ⻹Ҫ˭ԼŮܡ
ǽһЩҵһεֻУǾһ˵ȷҪǮ
ȻᶼˣǾ˵ЩҵǼ򵥵ĶȻΪŮʵĵλôῴأ
ܿ죬͸һ嵥ƺһѾ׼õģƺԤıģ
ڿ嵥ʱɫ˱䣬ǵͷ
嵥֮ͱ˵֪嵥ʵҲǺѣǸǲκεԥ
嵥ϵĶ⼸ҶұռĲҵǴӱռģȻʲô⡣
ɫΪʧǾһʼѾ㽫ҶҵĲҵΪУҡ
֮õ˳ԼҪռ˲Ʋ
Ҷҵ˲ԹᣬֻԹң֮󻹸ҶһЩҵҶҾͻǸм
ʼգʲôҪõôľңԿභֿԵõĺô
ŮʹȻһֲܿˣǧҪȻ˻֪
ȻûԭеĲҵҵĲңǻʱԼֻҪԼʲôġ
ͬʱǾ⾯Ҳһ϶ûҵĲҵ˵ûԣֻҪֵ顣
Ƶľ壬û뵽ԼȻΪһڣôĶе㲻
ʱעһĻֹ֪Ϊǰ;ãȻ


465 1
ϣҵ׷ʲôҪһףʵһߵֹֹˡ
Ҳ˵ˣؿ˷绨ѩ¥Ҳ˵ǿ
Ϊ֮ǰ˻Щģǽڡŭ
𣿡е飬˵
ǣ
ǳţ»
ڳ˶ҪùˣǵҲҪͬ⣬ؿ绨ѩ¥˵ƺ̫ˡ
ؿ绨ѩ¥С¶ѣֲǵһ̫Сˣ岻˵
Сӣұ죬ˣСҲǴ϶ѾʴˣԭȮӵ֪ʱ򷢻ˣƺ˺ܶࡣ
ǲҪ֪Ϊʲôῴһһۺ⣬ƺڸ֪ʲôصص˵˵
仰Ҹ˵ͬʱڸˣ
Ϊ㶯˷绨ѩ¥㲻Ļ˭ûҵ֮£µκζ˵
仰һ˵Ժ֮У͸ֳһǶ֪˵˭
Ҷˣ
Ϥˣ˼Ҷ˽Ӵģ
ʱû˻ὫҶ˵˵Ϊ˭֪Ҷ֣ǰһɡ
ʱ鱾ģҶ̷֣ˣı仯ˣҲֻҶˡ
˵һ£ҶǰҶ˵飬ʮ˵
뵽Ҷ˵ʱҲƺ뵽һЩǺԵ飬绨ѩ¥Ҷ˵˽˲ҵҶҵģ
ҶһСԺӾܱô绨ѩ¥Ҳסһʱ䣬ҲʲôҲ˵
ţᷢԭ򣬶ҪǱ˷ˣǵ۹ʧʹˣ
ǾãǸʲôطðռҶµķ绨ѩ¥ռˡ
˭
ʱܲʶʱʵһʱ֮ûнϵϾ꣬ڳЩϺ޷Ტ۵ġ
Ҷˣ˵Ȼôƽʱ˶ƺеһ⡣
ˣϴӲʲôһֹ˵ȥݺݵһ£ϴ
ţ̼˵ԲϣȮ֪ԭ³ç
ߣ֪ҪС꣬Ϊʲô½Ϊ֮ҪססڣҸôץס૵˵еĳ
еסǵҶ뿪չֳΪ½ⲢҪҶˣֻΪҪץסҶˡ
벻Ź겻ͱ֪ˣΪ½Ľ㣬ҪץסҶ˵ѶȾˡ
ص㣬ȻΪʥ̱ĶץĻ͵ʥΪУڻΪҶ˶ʥΪУֻʱˡ
ʵ㲻ʱôץסԼĵ϶ץοڱ˵ĵϣ
ҪץֻƭԼƺҪһ㡭
Ȼ֪Ҷ˵Ҳң֪Ľȴ֪һЩص
ôʱоЩʿѾоҶ˵ʱ赲ʮ󷨣Ҫֻ֧֣ҪڷϰͿԡ
ͬʱҲ֣ʵǿСȻҲԷŴ󣬵һҪձһҪ׼ȷİڷţȻͻĪı仯
֣һ˷ܣͱʾԼסˣʮסֻҪõúãͿԽҵľӳԵ
仰ҪҪúãȻĻҲûκε
Ҷ˵вű仯ȫȫסʮˣ˵ֻ󷨣ûб仯Ļֻסһʱ̫á
ΪܿǾͻֻ֣ᷢҪϰһƻͿ߳ʮ˾Ȼһ㣬ҲʧΪһ취
ԣǾͱʱס˽ȻʱҲһס
ڣ󷨵оյ۹ʿŬţҪƵô󷨡
ǿûҶر仯ԼҪģǿԱ仯ȴܿƵôȷ
һҪоܾãֻ֮ʱһˣ


466 2
Ҷ˵һ㣬Ҷ˵ֳ似½ķȫͬûж£Ҷ˵似иɻġ
һʿŲߡ
ֻ似һ㣬û֤ʵΪҶ˳һչֹ似֮⣬ûйҪ˵֪Ҷ߹֪¡
ԹЩѾˣû뵽ԼĺԺ˾ȻҶĶеܻ
Ҫ壬֧ԼһɣҲҪӣټϣԼҲõһЩôҲˡ
ԺٳƵԣͺܸɴˣ˭ҶµĶ仹ȥסĵط
Ƕ°ɣˣҪϢˣˣͨȫ壬λӵУᵭ˵
λǾֻܵһͨĹ壬ģǾͱʾˣҪΪҪԱǻǲܵˡ
½ϣҪΪҪĹԱһҪӦľλһ£λõģǰһͨˣҲѾӵоλˣû˾涨ʲô⡣
ڣ޷ӵоλǾͱʾǰ;ѾûˣھһĹþΪһ󽫡
˭֪岢ϣҪ٣ҲǲܵģΪѾͨȫˣ˭٣
ϣ롭Ҫһ棬ֻĻûпڣѾˡ
ܻžͺܲˣأ˵ţһûб仯˾ú¡
⡭ԥˣ֪òü˵ģܱסСѾܲˣλ飬ǻԺ˵ˡ
ˣʲô˵˵˵ע֮뿪ˡ
뿪֮ƺһʼˡ
㻹ǻؼȽ̽һЩ飬ҪٷĴ󣬺ԼνҪҪ˱ˣ
ڳУǴûԣĴС볯еĵλûֱӹϵģֻһЩӵ档
һЩ˲˵ЩҲǻ˵ģЩΪһЩԭ򲢲ҵĴ󳼡
ͬʱ仰Ҳ˵ҵĿ֮УոϷ⣬˶еһɺ⣬ϲŭ޳ı̬ŮʻǨŭԼ
Һãƺû˼ȻĻŮʷŹ壬ԼҲŹ
ʲôҰ˵ŵ˵ڣҵķѾŵӵܣڱøţʲô˶
žһĶ
ˣ㻹˵һؼңŭˣֱһƽˣλ˼һؼһúùܽ
ǾͲԪ˧ʺãλ𣬶ǵж˵úã˾ӦúݺݵĴ򣬺úõḶ́ܽ
ߣӲ𣡣ŷеȻ뿪
֮󣬺ݺݵؿһЩ󳼣Ȼĸ뿪ˣ
屻ؼѵˣԼĺ·˷绨ѩ¥˶ѺҪŪЩ˶ʲô飬ûƻĶ
һƻˣ˭ûܣ
Ҷ˿һĻڿһĻ֮Ҷ͵͵ѪͶȥһƺѪ˵ţôûɣ
ߣֻöѣ
Ѫһظ
Ѫû˵Ĭ֮С
ţȺ뿪ȻطȥϢˣ
Ϣʱ˲ûϢҵһЩˣעҪɹһ֮ҹ
ҷʹĽǽ֮ң˸еһˬˣһķë
ǻؼ֮巢ģԭһҷź򣡣
ǸʲôὫӴģֹʹüҷҵļҷǴҵĴͳҲǺܶĴͳ
˸ãҲȻҺã˵֮еŭǺԵġ
˲⵽׳ʲô飬ȥһ˻ʹ֮ͱԼĶӻϲĹȥڵȴһټҷ
ģ𣿡еˡ
Ǿ͵û˵Һݺݵش򣡣

ʱѾûκ竵ӣЩӵܿľǵĸĸǵĸףôֻܽͷ

ʱֻܴ̼ǽܾıǱţ
ŵӵʲôأʲôǣ


467 3

ʱֻȥĹţҲҵĵ壬Ԫ˧
ף磬㳪ܲаŷԼĴܼҷǵûȰûͬ飬еֻ
ɴ˿ɼֵܵĹϵôг
ܺгΪ˼̳Ȩ鳳ܶΣȻҵλûûдǵĸףѾһ
֮ӵףҲΪֵܣҲ˺ܾã۾ͺܸɴĸ£Ǳ͡
׾һս͵ףеȻʲˡ
ǳ𣿣ܵܣȥףŹң֪ˣʱ˭Ҫһ£һֱԵĵܵܣڿҲһ
ģڵĲ״ʵֲ̫ˣΪԼĸֻССĳͷһ£ڿƺ
ȥĻᱻֵܣ仰ʱֳˣӣĲ̿ʼ顣
ֻǣʱ򣬻ûᣬִмҷ
е㼱ˣ鼱֮У뵽Լ£Լãһ򶼺ܹɣø׵ϲĻӦȰһ¡
ʱһҲѾˣ
ȥ£ȴԼˣΪòҲ֪׷ʲô顣
״ˣסְɣȥ᲻еģʲôҲӦùˣºܸɴֱ࣬Ӿ顣
㲻֪ôĴ򣡡µʾӡ

ͳͳס֣һȣüҷͣңֹҷ֮⣬һˣǾǼۡ
״ˣ
үү
µ˺Ҳӿ϶˵ݣԪ˧
үүغԪ˧˫ۺǿ·ڿԼ׵ıΪ
⵽ô£ΪʲôҪԼԪ˧еˣʲôҲɡ
Ԫ˧ͿԿóҲе壬ԲŻţ
ҲѹԪ˧ô˵嶼ǳӵԼλҪģ
ΪʲôҪĺʲô飡ߵѾ˸׹̵ܽ䣬ѾΪ˸ˣȻһжԪ˧ģԪ˧ˬҲһȨȥܽ塣
ʲô侲Ԫ˧ʵԼĶҲǺ˽ģ֪ǵ޷ˡĵزҲӡ
ȫǴ𾴱ˣˣ㿴ʲô飬ǲ֪һһϵһݱԪ˧
ݱʱΪⱨҲһִ߻Ѿŭյģˣ
ڻ֮󣬱ҲֻҪһѵȻ˼ͬʱҲ˳˲徿ʲô飬ᡣ
˵ؿ绨ѩ¥ҲһˣҪ쭵ĻѾˣôȵڣһǷʲô飬Ż³Ϊ
յݱ֮ǾͬϽһ㣬ŭյ˼㣬Ϳʼļҷӱӱټӱ
ҾȻ˲ţǿŮаУΪ潣˵ֱ׳֪еӵܵ磬û뵽ôأԪ˧ڿ֮Ҳһ
֪ԼҪˣֻһߵĸ׻á
ˣҲˣҲ֪ˣүү֪ˣ˿ӵ˵
Ҵˣ֪ˣүүף֪ˣҲ´εģһĹġ̺Ȼе
ôҵҪģѾȥˣʱԼȥĻͲˡ
Ȼ֪ˣǾͱ˼£ҿˣԪ˧еĲ̣óͷѾˡ
вҪԼԼ˵ƺûдҲһᣬֻҪԼĴҲͽˡ
ҲЩѹ顭ôŮʣöЩ񡭡忪ʼ˵ԼĴ£˵Ȼ˲ٵʱ䣬˶ԼĶôʹôࡣ
˵ԼʱĶʼκ˵ǿµĴڣǶġ
ܻžѾǺˣ


468 1
أƺ⣬Щ飬ƺ
УЩ˵ˣʲô
һ岻ףҲףȻûдǾӦûУһ㶼ᣬϾŮĴ˵ˣѾˡ
ȻţǾһһЩȻҲŹ塣
ʲôأ
Ҳ֪ҵĴǶ˵ˣҰʲô˵ˣҡͷʵ벻Լʲô
㻹֪Լһʲôˣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ĲǸ̬СŮ𣿡е㲻ʵ
ǲ֪ڸģʲôʱ㶼ҪӦеòҪԻ𾴣λãѵǶҪճ꣬Ϊʲôӣ
ǣ˻֮⣬˭ºķ⡣
˭ǸҶСʮҲ飬Ȼռµķ绨ѩ¥Щε˵ΪʲôҶĶô㡣
ΪǸСӻһСɵӣûʲôɾͣ벻гɾ͵ĻҶǸϴԼûȵġ
Ϊʲô̫ƽˣ
ҺãԼŮ㣬Ӧ˵Ƿǳ㣡
绨ѩ¥Ҷ˵ģ¶²ֻ֪֪Ҷȥ
ͷ˵ǵģ˭֪סһʱ䣬Ϊ˻һשһһһľҲĻｫҶլҶסСԺһûҵҲӦý￪ˣһռΪУ
ΪǻԷģΪҶСʮ˽˲Ʋ㶼ռ
ʱ绨ѩ¥Ҷ˵ģ»Ԫ˧Ϊʲôͷ壬ΪȷǴס
ֻǣʱ廹е㲻˵ôǰҲռҶҵĲҵһ𣿡
¿˵ôһô˵ҲҶԼóģռ˵ȫһҪ˵Ҷ˵ģͨĹ壬Ҳֻܵȫ½Ʋã
Ҷ˵ľ͸˵ˣ㲻֪жߣȥռĶǾǽԼڴ󲿷˵Ķ棡
һܼӣʲôģҲе㲻˵
㻹˵ǰܼӣΪʲôȫǵǶ֧ܳΪʥ̵Ĺӣʵ̫ˣȶûȣеŭˣ׼ʼִмҷҪ֪ڸĵĶ
ʲôʥ̵Ĺӣ岻ʵ
ֱǾ֮ܣ޿ɾҩֻ֪һƬСطż˼ҶҵСʮԼΪʥ𾴵Ĺӣ˵û˼ұ㻹С꣬Ӧ֪ڵĳɾͣһӶٴʧ˵
ҪС׼ֻҪܸĹֻҪʵʵԼ飬ҲͿˣԪ˧ֱӵرһ˼ǾҶ˸ûȵģܱȵϡ
ֻ֪ϣһ㣬ҪԼﶼ֪ΪԼյĵһ壬ͿΪΪʱԼôĶ֪͢һյĵطŮʣ֮ǰκλʵ۶Ҫ£ĵ뷹ģô᲻ա
ӾԶ볯ֿ͢ΪЧҲʹ죡Ԫ˧˵
֮ûҶ뿪գҪԭҵĹǸɶھУ͢ڵı仯ûжӰ졣
ҡҡͷ˵ףҲӾ˵ʲͬҸʺϴ¶ͱȽʺϴӾСӣҲ֪ʺʲô鲻ᣬԺζĵͨ
˰ˣ¾ͲҪˣСӶסˣǶѾϴСˣҪſʲôҪüʲôǶȥһȻĻҾͰǸϳңԪ˧ǰһݻԲ˵˵ѡ
ҵ˶֪Ԫ˧˵ڵĻһ
Ҳ˵ֵûһɼĻǾͱضᱻɨسš
үүĻǶˣһǾͲǷôˣһε鵽Ҳˡ
ȴڳļɲСӰ죬ֻһʱģ˾ǳõģ
ڽμҷ֮ǷͬʱʼҶҶ˼ٰĸأҶ˱Ͳ˵ˣءԭҲܼ򵥣òµΪҶ˽ӳȥȰȥ



469 2
С£ǰӦҶСʮ׷ڻʲôӵģ֮󣬶·һ̾
ģ֮ǲܵģҲ֪Ϊʲôµڻ֪ҶΪʲô׷
˵һĻǻʲôٴʵ
һһ뿪Ƿָءµ˵ڼĻ֮ϣǽ
ҶһĻ¿϶뿪ҶˣڵƺֲҶŹϵԣֻܹ롣
Ҳ֪Ȼ̬ȥɧҶ˵ϵˣͱ˵С̵ĸĸȻڻʳ֮йúܺãûܵС뿪Ӱ졣
ҲΪ᲻УΪҶҵѾˣкαؽƵԼĶ档

ϰ壬һСһ붹ԡ
ڶ峿ҶͱѪ庰Ȼһ󣬱С̯ӡ
ѪҪҶͣΪŵȵļƻ֮УҶʱ򣬾Ӧ͡
µϢʱ˯һ컹ûʱѾˣϴ裬Ȼͣȥ
ÿ춼ˣżмı䣬żҶǲġ
ϰ壡µҶ˵Ķ֮С
С˰ϹǰɣϰдС붹ԡ
֮ˣĴһ㣬ȻҲʹһ㣡
Ҷ˿˿ԼģȻڿµģһ顣
ϰ壬С붹ԣ
ˣôڷһҪ׷ŮˣԣһҪһһҪԵıࡣ
ŵҪĻͻ֪Ҷ˲ôû뵽һʼⷹϸîˡ
¿һҶˣƺܿ죬Լеʱ򣬼ֵĺ塣
ڿԼʱ򣬾Ȼе㾪֣ԼԶԶģ
Ҷ˵˻֪ǴĻ׼ĵһӡʵ֮ǰѾˣֻµӡһ㡣
¶ҶƺȤֻǿһ۾Ҳûпˡ
ܿ죬µ;ˣһֿ˹ģٶȲĳԷС붹Ըˡ
ţ¼ͭңȻˣߵʱƺصؿһҶ˵ϣҶ˵׳˶١
Ҷ˲ų֮һӣҶƺеԱ˵ĸо
ھѾԱˣָ֮ôʱͻȻҪ֪⣬Ȼһʱġ
ʱʵҲɹҶΪԼģ֮ǰǴμҲⰲŵģԣʱãԼɵûĻҶӦ취꣬Ȼ׷Լ
̯ӵϰҲڵȴڵȴҶǲǻȥΪܶҶĹͣΪҪ׷¡
ֻǣϰ嶼ҪʧˣΪҶ˸ǶǰС붹ԣı飬˾Ҫʲôһ
ԣ
ҶһѵľҪЩСЩԡ
ꡭ
ϰ嶼̲סЦΪҶ˵ٶʵ̫ˡ

ҶĶӣһҺñҺñӣʵһҳ˵ӣòһߵѪúЦҶ˵Ķӡ
ӣǿˣȻٴηЦʱѾھˡ
С壡ҺܡҶ·ϣŰѪ˵
ôˣѪʵ
ˡҶͦŶ˵
˭ôԲͲ᲻𣿻ߴҳҲԣһСѪû˵
ûֻô˷ʳҶһ㶣Ǻڵ˵
Ѫ˵һȻû˵ˣҶϹ䡣
Ǿһһʳ֮Уʱʱðϵһ£ѪıҶСԺûʲô鷳Ҳû
Թ緹ҶڶżϰİгϾֻоӲŻϰһЩʹõľǹһЩԱû¸ɵġ
Ҷг;ҪżµĻ᲻ܴΪʵ̫ˡ
ô£ΪʲôôˣҶе֡
ΪЩҪ°ɡѪشĹ۲죬г֮УĻǹꡣ
Ŷ
ǣϰ׼μΧԻģ
ѪĲ²ⱻƷˣЩ˲Ϊ£Ϊ֮еΧԻΪԭôֵİгַǷ


470 3
һŵƺѾˣҶһҪ¼棬Ժܻģ
˵ˣ֮ΧԻҶҲҲҪμӣǸʱɶҪùģҶõǲԵģԣҲҪϰϵ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ŵѾҶԤԼλãʱеطϰȻŵλµеǰһ
ҺûÿҶ𹭼ȱȼо˺һᡣ
Ҷ˵õֱ֮󣬵ûнʮ˰նˣ֮ҲһûԶ̵Ĺ
֮дǸֱԶ̹ҶҲû
СѪ忴Ҷ״̬֪ҶûҶӦúܿͻϤ
ΪҶ˵ǹǺǿģ׼ķʵǲģַֻ⣬ϣַҲ⡣
ιСӣǲûһߵȴ˿Ҷе㲻ˬˡ
ƽʱĻҲܺĵһҶˣʱûλӱҶռˣȻܲˬ
ţûҶҲûע⣬Źڻص
㶼ûǾͲҪ˷ʱˣλøҪˣ˵ң˶ҶЦ˵ʱƺûие졣
˼λҲø㣡Ҷ˺òػش׷µļƻ˵ˣҲŵȶλӣø
СӣʶôǺ˵֪֪Ұ˭Ǽ˵
ôһ˵Ұ˭ģܻܲһһġҶڶ䣬⻰ƺеᷳˡ
Щ棬˱Լϰ磬ͲܱԼ𣿡Ҷ˵Ŷ˼ҰҪ˵Ļ˵ˣ벻Ҫ⣡

Ҷ˵Ļ֮󣬱ϵ˳Ĭˣֵĳ֮Уİƺе죡
ңµĶ¶˵
ĵľҶ˴һ£Ȼּ˵㻹ϰֵţҵıҽиء˹
ء˹أľ¶˵
ˣҪ𣿡Ҷ˺˵ʱһСģѸոռܺõ˳ȥ
аģ˭˵ҲģҶ˿ǰ棬ǰһ֧˰ģ͡
Ǳ˵ļļ¶һ˵ʱ򣬴ҷ֣¶ļϣƺһ
һ֧
ףľ֣ôϲż棬Ȥر𡭡Ҷ˺Ǻ˵š

ļ¶
ҵļǱߡҶָԶİӣӣǲ֧ڱϵļġ
ļ¶ٴκ
ҵļǱߣҶٴηϡ

Ǳߣ

ˣ㲻ţҾ㿴Ҷ˽Ϲһ
⡭
ٴγڼ֮ϣ
ҵļǰٲģҶ˺ǵ˵ҿϵ¶׼һ¡
ףôԼϲ𣿡Ҷ˺Ի󣬶ϵѾʼҶ˱־ˡ
¶ʹŭţΪ߼򶼸Բһ֧˵ոնҶ˵ġ
ҪΪʲôϳǵȻǱ˵ģֵİгÿʱÿ̶
ЩͬһгṩģȻûκε
ҲΪ¶Ҷ˵ʱҶֱһ仰˵ҵģʲô֤ݣ
ô˫۾ɵģ㲻ҪƱˣ¶ŭ
ǣûпҪһμҶ˺ʵӦС֤һ£ҪԼĻǾԷǸ

Ҷ׼ʱ򣬼ߵ˶ԶԶģ¶ҲѾܵúԶ
ιιľ֣㲻Ҫܰô֤أҶ˺
ǲ𻹶㲻ټУӻ𣿡¶˵ͬʱѾȺʧˣҪҸҽʦҶ֤¡
ûµģһҽֻҪ㲻ҾܰȻҶ˺Ҫ¶
ƭȥɣ¶Ⱥ֮д
İûƭ㣬ˣҶҲ⣬ֿʼһƺһ㣬Ȼûаģûˡ
ʵҲΪıѾûˣ
ҲΪһ㣬ֵİг֮ϣҶŶӵλӣҶ˸ļλȴûϣһֱš
СΪԶ񣬰ȫһ


471 Ҳǹģ1
ʱ˺ܾãҲϰԵԼλӹȥԤλãٶˣҲ
һ·˱Ⱥ֪ʲôҲû⣬⼸ÿ춼Լλ֮ǰһֵܹĻ档
ԼλӸȻʲô˶ûУмһϰ꣬ʲô
ô죬ûҲֻǴһ£Ż߹ȥ׼Լλϰ
С㣬ȥǱߺΣյģ½ӽԼλãȺʱȺ֮˾ͺ
һ£ʲôΣյģҲ֪ұʲôġ
ôˣȻ¸оΣգʵе֣ҲòСΪˣҪСĽ
ǸСһļᵽ䣬ܻ䵽ϡΪ½͵
һ£Ȼ˵ɣǲҲӦǰ棬Աߵġڹ˽ĺӦò鷢ǶԷǹġ
֮ҲˣߵԼλӿʼҶˣҶԼ֣Ҳʲô⡣
ڵĳе˼ˣҶ˵ĸΧ˶ҽµĽ⸽ֻˡ
֮£¾㲻עҶ˵ĴڶеˣǴҶûģƺ찲ŵһ
СôôãÿҪʲôʱ򣬶ô˳ò˼飬ԶŵҲѪ忴ɵ÷һп
·Ҷ˵Ĵ֮ʱ֮¶һ֮⣬Ҷ˾ȻԼǸ꣬һΣô
ʱͻȻҶϳСӣ¶Ц⣡
ǲǻҶǲĿĵģҶ˸ӡѾģȻҶ˷׷Ҳʱδ
Ҫʱٳһ㣬ҪһżȻ飬ĻͿֵˣ
ţŵȵļƻģ
ಡ
¸еԼıһ磬ʲôȥˡ
һҽС
ҿ㲻㣬Сǲǹģ¶һѾ֮ǰ֧㶨ˣ˿ˡ
Ϊµĵƺ˹ΪҲµ׷֮һҪҶ˵λãʵ󲿷ԭΪ¡
ΪµԭҲͳȺǰ棬ǰ濴ӡ
̫ˣֱ̫ˣ
¶̾µ֮ʱͻȻоԼļһʹһ֧Լļ򴦡
ûһ֧ǲڼ򴦣
ҿôôù
ʣ֧Ҷ˵ġ

ˣԭϵǸȷеΣգԼҲֻһĸоҪǶĻƺ㲻ȥ
ֻʱҶȴ֪ںһΣļǰȥģƺոյһ޹صġ
е㻳ɣܲҶ˵ԭ˲Сĵİɡ
Ҳֻ²ŻỳɣΪûм֮ǰڿ֮ǰˣͻٷְٿ϶֧Ҷ˵ģ
ʱ򣬴ҶҪЦΪҶ˵һֲ֧ƫ¶
¶˵ģҶе㻳ɣҶǲǹģȻôôɡ
ֻǣ˵ǹĻҶ˵ļҪǿǿУôһװģ
˻ỳҶǲװһЩ֣˵ģǾͲỳɣΪЩװģ
Сӣ
һΣ¶Ѿ̲סˣҪѵҶˣҶ˾ڹġ
ʲôףĺ֣ΪʲôҪһ֧֧һεǺܺ𣿡Ҷ˿¶ʱ򣬾ͺֵʵ
ⲻģոոŪȥ¶һŭ֮£γѪʼһ¡
ľ֣ڿЦˣҸոյļǰ棬Ȼһûڰϣҿ϶ǱߣҶ˵
Ҳ˵ʲôҶҪݺݵһ٣¶һŭһȭҶˡ
ʱҶûжеѪѾ׼֡

¶һҽУˣһвѪ壬Ҷˡ
Ҷ¶Լʱһţдŵļ˳ȥɺϵǣһ¶ļ֮ϡ
¶ԼϵҪޣʹʹĿһ£⵽׽ʲô鰡Ϊʲô˵ң


472 Ҳǹģ2
ҳϣһģҲǹģҶ˾֣һҴ˵ӡ

ȫ˶Цˣ̫Ϸ绯ˣʵ̫Цˣ
ҲЦˣ˼
µĴỳɵҶ¶ͨϷǲܵ飬¶ҪҶˣҲԼο¶Ͳ׷
Ҫɱ㣡¶ˣγҪҶˡ
Ҳѹᱬĳ֮³ΪȡЦЦ¶Цˣе޹⣬澡ʧ֮£κ˶ᱬ
Ϊʲôѽû㣡Ҷ˲׵ʵ
СҪҪ㣬ɱˣѪ崫ϢҶƺе֮Уôһ⡣
ðɣûʲô޵ģһģҶ˻ظϢ
ľ֣Ȼǲ죬ûʲô飬Ҳûޣʲô˼Ҷ˶¶ʼ
ֻ¶ûͣҶ˽ǣһҶˡ
ҶһһȻܺĵؽ¶ڼ˳һѪ

¶кγʱʹҲǺܴģͻȻγ¶Ȼ˵ĴУ
˼Ū𣿲ܲõģҪֹѪУҰ㡭Ҷ˺Ѻõ˵ûһڽսľ
ҪҲҪҰΣ¶ҧ˵
ŶͲȥˡҶ˴˵Ȼеļԭλá
¶һҽС

˳Ĭˣû뵽Ҷ˾ȻǹģҪ¶ɡ
¶
С֣ǻð㶼֪ԼʲôԽǶбͻԽù
Ѫ忴֪Լóˣ¶ȫҶ˵Ķ֣
ꡭ
̲סЦˣȻ¶̲ܿסЦ⣬û뵽˻γļֲ˻ȥ
ⲻ͵һΣ
ϵ˼Ҷ˺ûֻһ˲ѡ
㡭㡭Ҫɱ㣡
¶Ъ˹ĽţǷĽкôȥѾԺˣ㲻ˡ
𶯲˵ɱɱģ˵ˡҶЦ˵¶ٺĻֳѪͻὫɵ
ȻʱһΪΪҶ˼˲Ź¶Ҷ˵ļ壬ȻǸ˹ˡ
һ¼˹Ҫǿܶ࣬ﲢǸ˹ĵ̣ջʳ֮У¶ļЧһ㣬Ͼǵͷߡ
ߣҾɱ㣬˭˵Ǻ峤ĶӣҲһ¶ܲм˵ŲҶġˡ
ô˵ɱʲôģ̫Ѫ̫ˣӦúƽһ㣬ûʲô飬Ҫ˵ôᣡҶ˵˵
ҾǺᣡҰôˣ𣿡¶ŵؿҶˣĿ֮УԼӦͣС֮ǰԼǺ͵ġ
ŶҶӦһȻһȭ˹ȥŵ¶һȭڵء
㡭
Ҵģұϲ̫Ƿˣ鲻Խľʹ˹ȥ˼Ҷ˺Ǹ˵

ǹˣ˵˵ѣҪ㲻˱ˣ˵ˣͺԭΪһ
㡭ۡ¶Ѫˣ˿Ҳʼ쭳Ѫ
ˣ¶ӿҪˣҽʦҽʦ
˿ʼл¶ְ˽ŵȥҽǸʱҶʾԼ԰æȴ˸ܾˡ
˼ǱѪģҪǰǻ
ȻҶҲû˵ʲôѾ¶˲ֳͨҽʦˣֺαԼԳ
ԼڿݵˣûбҪĻҪչʾҽЩЩױ¶Լݣ
ҾͲָ֣Ȼ㲻ССļҶ˼ĹѾһߺܾõļš
֮УùǺٵģⲢǹΪЯ㣬һͲж٣û˼֮Ǿǵûй
Ҫ־õʿ˵Ǽʵģ
ɴҶɵ֮İʹ÷㣬ױ˲ͬʱЯҲ㣡
ҪǣĳɱǺܸߵģһǲĶа֧֡
ԣ֮УڼžͺˣٲûУҶ˵ֱ֮Уһǿļţµģǽ޵¡


473 Ҳǹģ3
ȻˣҲҪ£֮ǰҪܳʱȥҪ֧֣ܶҪĻǣҪһǿ
ֻǣΪʲôҶڵļһ㲻ŵӦûǿŶԣ
ʵԭҲܼ򵥣ΪⱾŶǸļûһ֪ʶҲ˵ҶҪѧļͱѧ
ϼ
Ѫе㿴ȥˣҪȥָҶһ£ʱ򣬳ϳһ΢ı仯
ι㿴ңŷֱֱֿƽСƶֱۡ
ͻȻҶ˿һκܹ淶ı׼ҽ͵ĺҶĲ˵Ǻϸˡ
µΪü˶һ£Ƕû¾Ȼһг֮ϣ֪˶Ҫһ£ûдӦ
ȻһĺСӣ˾̫˼ˣ
ҶѧµӣһţȻһ
ۣˣˣǿҶ˵ˣԼݺ񻹲ʶ¡
Ҳû⣬ΪҶ˿׷Լˣͬʱг˭֪Լ£ոҲ˽г֡
ƺʲôطôҲ벻ʲôط
ûеҵİУԼҵкüƽ˵ţϰϰ
û⣬Ѿһ㣬лл㣡Ҷ˺˷ܵ˵ʱѾʼԼ£ƺʼԼĿģԼߡ
ಡ
ԴԴϵҶ˵켣ԽԽƯ׼ȷҲԽԽߣȻҶ˵ҲԽԽˡ
ҪߵʱٿҶ˵ʱ¶֮⣬ҶѾǲˣһϰ֡
ͬʱҲ֣ҶѾĿ֮УѾϵ鶼ˣġ
ѵԼˣ˼ҸͲΪ˽ӽԼġ
ҡҡͷԳЦЦȻ뿪ˣ
뿪֮Ҷ˻ڼļٶȺܿ죬쵽˾е㲻˼飬ڰѪ忴ԽԽȡ
ٶȥѪţ죬Ҷ˵ļԼļҲǺŵģΪһɱ֣Զһܾͨ
ףô˶ˣҶߵһ֧֮󣬲ŷ֣гѾˣߵҲѾʧˡ
С壬㻹𣿡
ڣû𣿡
гȻȥ˲٣ҲǻģѪҲС
ΪҶ˸ѹ֮⣬ҪĻǣôã˶ˣĻǾһ˻ɡ
ںеˣ߰ɣҶ˷ϢѪ塣
ţߣһٳȥѪ˵ҪȥòڰҶˡ
ã
Ҷ˱伸μѾûˣ͵һϢһ£ȻȥˣгṩģģҪǮġ
һңԱе֣ΪǴûмԻһҵˣһζѡ
˰гҶ˾ͻ¥ˣӦþ͵˽ˣһ㶼ڼңûĵط
ҶҪΨһжӦþڹһͻµľۻᣬ»μӣҶȻҲҪȥμˡ
λ¥Ҷ˿Ըɺϵĳˣ⵹ŵȸееġ
Ҷ֮ǰѾ뵽¥ĻֻѡһطһѡȻԼƻ벻顣

ڻص¥ʱҶ˳һСС⣬ڽŵʱײһСŮֻʮСŮ
ʱǸСŮںţ㣬ε»ᣬһҪһ㡭
Сãû°ɣ
ҶϷСŮܵĵʵ
û£˼Ҹոûп·СŮûзƢҶ˵Ǹ
ҵĴҸո̫ˣҶҡҡͷ˵ҪǸԡ
ҶЦݣ¥ˣǵĳŲΪҶ˵ЦݣΪոյǾ仰
ȻԳĸ磬ˣѵ֪ϲ˰Сϲռˣĸ硣
ҪСŮȻǱɫ
ǰ򵽵Сߣ͸㣡ҶûзĲԣȻСòҪǵĻǾ͸Сˡ
ףÿɰСŮǾܾģҶеĶ֮۾Ϳʼˡ


474 죨1
һֻСëߣǿԶģΪҶ˵֣ССĸ͸ˡ
Ҳ߱øӵˡ
ɰɣҲܿɰԾ͸ˣҶ˽ߵݸСŮ
ã͵ҵģǲסǵĻκηöˣСŮߣһϲƽ޹ʽܱ˵
ˣҶҡҡͷ
ڻܲ𣿡СŮɫͺһСһǳı顣
СŮǺģΪһ˿һСŮţһ߼ľ¥õķˡ
Ҷȴûֻҡҡͷ˵ǻɣҲϲѵĶϲǮУСͲϣСӣȥ棬üģ˵ʱҶ˵úᡣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶ˾СŮϤĸо벻Ϥоʲô
СŮסˣҶ˵˫֮гɻ󣬶˫һ𣬾һֱҶ˿ƺѰʲô
ҶЦЦͽȥˣСŮſڴ˺һᣬȻҡҡͷдʣҲ뿪ˡ
һƽûʲôرġ
ҶˣǹģΪʲôҪСµע⣬УڰгǸҲ̫ͻˣ˻ɵģ
Ҷ˸ոջطʱ򣬷һˣ˫βͣ·˵˵ݡ
ûŵȣ
Ҷ˲Ÿոջû˵ŵȾѾͷʹˣ˵һ㣬ŵҶ˵һһǼŵġ
һ㣬ҶѪ嶼֪ʱѪ廹ҶҪҪЩ˸ˣҶ˵Ȼֹˣ֪ЩӦŵȵġ
ŵȵģǶԷԼģǾ͸Ӧʲôֻ֪ԼĿĵġ
ô±˷𣿡ҶҲش⣬ֱʵ
ʲôˣҾ˵Ľ㡣ŵһ㣬ڵʱ˵Ҷ˼滹Ƿ㡣
ΪŵȲŻ֮ʱ䣬ûлҶ˼ˡ
ҲҪΪҶ˽飬е⣬Ȼµע⣬ƺûµĻɣ⵹ֵҵġ
ŵȾãҶȥܻܿʧܣԣһ£
ҲӦһ͸ˣŵЦ˵
ȥȥѾ˵һģǵҳߵģ
Ҿ͹ģ


˵ʵǲǹǸ¶ġŵЦʵ
ûаɣҶ˴һ£ڸŵȣû顣
װ𣿡ŵʵ
ûװǸŵû£òҪһչˡѪͻȻڷ֮Уŵһš
˭ŵе㾪ֵغ
ҽѪ壬Ӧ˵ҵݣֻбѪٴγ֣һΣŵоԼĺ档
ǣŵȻعͷҶѪϺȲʳͺǱһ
Ѫ壿Ѫ֮еѪʮӥŵȻѪûȵĻѪݡ
ŵ֪СҲѪʮӥС㿴ǹһ㣬ѪʮӥȫͬĵȼĳˣȻе𺳡
˵ոѪҪȡ練ƣ׵ġ
ûѪͷ
벻㾹ȻڱүڣҲүһܰȫŵȻָ飬ɵ˵
ţѪӦû˵ʲôˡ
ʲôһѪ壬˵ˣҪķ𣿡ʱ򣬷ֶ֮һˣǾѪߡ
ǡŵеתĸоôûģһϢĳ֡
ѪߣŵȰɡѪ߶ŵȻص

ΪʲôǶ֪˭Ҷûнܹ
ȻŵȲҪʳڣ벻׵ĻͲŵˣ֪ΪԼǺԵʣ̫ˡ
ʱŵȾ𾪵ǣһѪԭȻһѪߣѪͷĿҶ˵߱ҶˣҶˣû뵽ġ
鷳λˣæչүﲻ֣ҺǣŵȾҶҲ˵ģǹ¾սģû뵽Ѫþ


475 죨2
˵鷳չӦģһҪлл߻ЩƻѪ˵ֱӽȨ˻
֮ǰŵȵĻͺ˵ҶһģѪˣǵİæҪлġ
Ȼ˵ѪȻ޷ܣô˵ҶҲѪˣȻðģô˵Ҳˡ
˼Ҳô˵֮е£ô˵ǵĿһµģǰү׷£ȻõϵףŵȲ˵
֪ԼҶʶʱ䲻ãѪûȣҲʾ
ļƻܲһᶽУڼ䣬ϣǵκ˶ҪߣֻڰУѪ˵
ţһעģֻҸоеЦе̲סŵҪЦˡ
緢ʲô飿Ѫ壬˵˵һֱһġѪ߶»ֻ֪ǸŶûмҶˡ
һֱһ仰ŵȵо͸еһһֱҶ˵һһû˷ֹҶ˻Ѫһġ
ʱŵҲǾÿģĻҲ˵Ҷиڱţ
ڰгȻ͡
Цˣʮ̫ЦˣȥܲˡѪ߱ŶЦš
ʮƺҶЩ˳ƺҶ˵һСѪ֮УҲ㵱ѪʮѪѪڽҶССɫ֮⣬ʮ
ôЦ𣿡ҶѪ嶼ʵһԺһѪ
ţԲ֪Ѫ߻Ц
С壬ҪҪҶ˿Ѫ壬ʵ
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ⶼʲô˰ŵȾԼѾ㲻Ҷ˵Ĺϵǻ飬ȴֱ˵ҪζԷ
ҲЦˣСɫ׷ƻֽһ󲽣¶һкܴȤչҹĻһݣʱҪʲô͸ʲôѪЦˣܿסԼ͡
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ǰ벻ƻе˳үŮıӻŵ˵ҶŮĶӣ飬ѾյϢ
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Ҷ˱ȱҪôһƣҪʲôܣнУЧʵ֮С
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476 죨3
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ѪĬ¼ŵСҲŵôģ֪Ҷڳܡ
һҶ˴һˣµǰ棬һ仰û˵
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ֻΪ֣Ҷ˵ļѾһνˣǺԵģھԼҲһҶ˵ļá
һ죬һ찡ʹһɸ֣һǳԼĸ֣¸еջͬʱҲΡ
ڰеѪҲ֣Ҷ˵Ľ̫ˣԼһֱģм侹ȻһԾʽĽͺ˼һ
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ûûоνֻҪ˼ˣҶ˵
Ҷ㿴뵽ԼĹǰɡҼǵãĹ粻𣿡Ѫ˵


477 ŷɿƣ1
ҶԶԡ
ֱŤˣȥƻһĻᣡѪһŽҶ߷ɣԹԵȥ»ᡣ
ðɣȥˣҶڿзһͷŵأȥ
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磬ʲôҶҶ˵ߣȻĽ磬ʱԼҲ֣ԼԸôôȵĽи磬Ҫ̸Ҫ⣬ҲûбҪ


478 ŷɿƣ2
ҶԼ֣˵˾͸˵ˣ⸽Ҷ˲Ҫ̫ˣǶ֪Ҷһ͵СŮǿˡ
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ãﱾкܶ棬֪ôҶ˵ƺ˵©죬»ᣬΪЩȥ


479 ŷɿƣ3
ɫ𣿶ǩ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ƚ϶࣬ЩľͷġҶص
̫صĲҪԽԽãҶ˵
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һ죬ԭֵİгðж룬ʲôԼеĻǻ

صؿҶˣʱԽԽ㲻ҶһʲôˣΪʲôԼֵһЩطԼȴû˵
Ҫ׷ԼĻЩȫȫɺϣ
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ʲôҶ˺Բ״̬
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ŵĲΪ±ܾΪŵȻ˵ŵȰŵļƻԼȻˡ


480 שͷ1
Ȼ˵Ҷʱܾ£¸׷ģԺױ½ܡ
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СǸŵȰѪƺеԴ׵ظо
ţǾʦҪģǵĻҾһ߷Ҷ˺ݺݵ˵һȵĶ·Ҫ߷ŵһ
ѪĬ֪Ҷ˲ôԵģֻû뵽Ҷ˻ô壬ֱӹӾͲš

ŵյֵʱ򣬺⣬û뵽¾Ȼôģһ¿һĻǾͱʾɹֽһ
үҲ̫ˣ׷Ů׷ģȫҲеڶˣ
뵽ŵȲҲЦˡ
£שͷǲġѪ֮󣬾ͶҶĶ˵Сɫѧģô


481 שͷ2
ʲô鰡Ѫߣҷģÿ춼ʲôϽѪɡҶ˺ܲ˵
ûĵģһΪﲻ֪̽˶ϢѪߺǲˬ˵
ʲôϢΪʲôҴûյҶ˴ʵ
ЩϢǹģ˵Ѫص˵Щӵȷæÿ컻ȥϢ
ѪΪһƭӵͬʱȻҲһܸ߼ļ̽Ϣֻ
֪Ҷ׷ϣԼʲôףͺܸɴȥִѪȥ̽ҶµǸʵҵ顣
˵Ҷ˵Ҳ͸ֳˣЩҶ˶֪ģֻǴ̽յ۹֪١
յ۹֪٣Ҷ˵ƺûκε壬Ȥ

С壬Ҫ׼ʲôҶڿҪʱͻȻ뵽⡣
ֻҪеװռƷԺıûпռƷģԽ֯ߣǻæţѪ˵
ԭҪףֱӽȥܶǲӮ𣿡Ҷ뵽취ֱʵ
˼ලģץĻͻΪĶԣһû˸Ѫش
ŶǾȥ߰ɣҶ˵
ţѪӦ
һѪ廹ǸҶˣǻڰУΧ֮£ҪڰƺúѣѪƺ첻⣬ǿɵĽ
ʵΧԵ£һҲѽѪҪҶʵҲ͸ˡ
Ѫȴһ⣬ⲢԼҶ˵ģ
С㲻ʱǿɶԵģô죿Ѫ巢ء
ûµģҲоͿԣЩطҲϲȥģҶ˲˵
ʱЩҪ׷ȥġ
ұܵÿ죬û⣡Ҷֱӻص
˵ҲǣҶܵĵȷܿ죬ѪѾһ֤ˡ
ϳ
Ҷ˲һ˶ȥΧԵĵطȥģ
ΧԵĳڻʳԼٶɽŴĸַޣһħޣһǳʺΧԵĵط
˵ħޣҲΧԵķΧֻҪɱԽǸ߼ħ޵÷־ͻԽߣܶ˶ֱӳħ޶ȥܵõ߷֡
ֻħ޲ôɱģΪεĹؾֻù壬ħҲá
ʱʵ߻һ㣬ȻҲһԷӶֻҪͿԡ
ҶڰгʱûпʹöʵûУΪҶڰϰɱﵣ޷Լʵ
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ʵһ㲢ŵѪߵ˵⣬Ҳ֪õģᱩ¶Ҷ˵һ㣬Ǿ
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ʵǣԭ֮⣬һҪԭǾҶ˲ܶ˶֪Ҷڰ˵ʱǲһЩصĻͻܾҶˣ
ҲһżʱͿԸһ㣬ֻҪҶ˲ȥƻͿԣ
Ƕ֪ܶ飬ھҶ˵ʱ򣬾ͻò
ʱһЩƽ飬ܸЦ飬ھҶ֮󣬿ܾͻúͱ˵שͷ¼
שͷʱгĲЦ⣬һҸ
С壬²жˣ
Ҷ˵ʱҶ͸ɽ˺ӣ˲ɣɽܲܳȺ˵ķԡ
ʵܶ˶һֱԹ֮󣬻ָܺܿ·򲻾һ㣡


482 ΧԿʼ1
Ӧ˰ɣһһֻҲҪֻﹻ𣿡Ѫڳ
ҶѪͬģֻѪ˿û֪ģ򶼲֪Լˡ
ģÿ궼ĶɽǨҶ˶ԴҲ޷ͣҲǸее㲻˼顣
ȻĲ˼ǺܶģҶҲûж룡
Ҷ˴֮ȺѪҲӰεĸ
Ҷ˵󲻾ãһЩ½ĵҲ׼μεΧԻЩ˶˲Сĺ䶯
С㣡
𣡡
ѾˣҶʱ׼ȥ»棬Ϳһˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾Ϳ£ǹһŮ׼ȥһӣӦ顣
ǸʱµߺܿͳһҶϤˣǸ壬е֪ᷳȥ֮һ𲻿졣
Ҷȴ⣬Ϊ˼ƻʵУһ
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Щ˼Ǹ˺䶯˾⣡
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˵µ䶯ģΪ֮ѪڣǶǴȾֵ֪Ȼ䶯Բ⡣
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εΧԣעƽˡ
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ڵõȷ֮Ѫ˼Ƭ֮󣬾ʳһ仰˵ʱѪڳĻһץ
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ɱ
ȻҶͬ뷨ʱֱӰɱˣԭ򣬲ΪѪ飬Ϊȸ۹ΪҶˡ
ΪѪô᲻֪Ҷ˵̬ȣǾǵжԵ̬ȣţҶУǾԲкý
һ̬꣬Ҷһĵ⣬еͷԵĵ⡣
ܶе벻ͨҶ˼ȻѾɹ뿪ˣΪ۹ŮʵᣬӦ÷⣬ΪԵ۹˵ǺģȴûС
еֵǣҶҶҳԱԼ뿪ˣûмӵ̬ȣĮ֮Ȳ޳ɣҲԡ
һ㱾֣ΪҶЩֻҪ뿪գֻҪڲйϵΪλɹᣬȻٹȺ޹ʿ
עҶˣȴĮˣͱˣ
˵ҶҵȫΨҶһȨţǲܵģʮķݣ
Ȼˣ֪ҲǺܶ࣬Ϊڰ֮еѪ壬յϢΪڰ֮УһȺҪԸҶˡ
ţҲӦһɱˡҶֱӸɴĻӦ


483 ΧԿʼ2
˵ɱû鷳Ҷ˰ٷְٻɱΪ˵ĴڣһвȻƽʱԺģһȴҲǺġ
ҲΪŻױȻԸֱˣͬʱҲлԿԼˣڿʱͶˡ
ڡ

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Ѫ˵ģΪһ֮ôǸȥµĽʶȥһ¡
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Ȼ죬ʲôѪûʵ
ŶʲôҶҲ֣ԼûҪ£ῴΣھˣҲһϳԼôϳ
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Ūģź֣ܶһġѪ嵭˵
ո˵Ҫɱʱ򣬾Ѿ̽źְܶбȻȻЩǸ֣ûѪĴڡ
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ңҶһΪ׶ģ˵ɱĿģҶȻ
ŶǾͷˣԺл˵Ҷ˺˵Ҫɱһ˼ÿȥҲ졣
ţ˵ҲûʲôΣգһģ¸Ļô֣Ѫ忴һ£ƺеͷʹ
ûʲôֻڸѣܿͻֿģҶ˲ػش

ʼʱ˶ȥΧԣҲͲô˾ۼһǸʱ򱣻ȾͻСܶ࣬ʱȻҲû飬ҾͿԸദˣʱ򡭡Ҷ˼Цš
Ѫûˡ

ϣȻˣǾ⿪ʼ
֯ʵҲǹٷĳԱһǳ͢ĴԱѾ׼еһУʼҪݽˡ
ͻȻ֪Ǻã֪˼ԣҿʼҲֻʾᡣ


484 ΧԿʼ3
˵ˣκʹһμӻͨˣᵭ˵
ǻȽ壬Ҳġǳ͢ԱûмǼ
鷳֮⣬ʵҲڲһƨ
ǰŮʣɣ
֮ҲʼͣҲҪģϾŮ֣ҲΧԱøҪһ㣬ԺԸһ㡣
ôǶ˴꣬ԼμӵΧԻŮʱֵģһһμӻǶôţ顣
ǾɣỹƽֱССĸ̨ڴҵעĿ֮У˵ĸ֡
ΧԿʼ
ˣе㷴ӦĸоһЩݽʡˣȻЩҲ࣬༸˵꣬Ҳ̫ˡ
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ԣҶҪΧԳֻҪ֮Ųٻע⵽ˣ
ΧԳô֮пܾһֱһˣˣĸ֮£Ҷ˾Լôɺϻᡣ
ȻҲΪҶڽ֮󣬲û뿪̫ԶΪҪ£ȻĻҲϲΧ֮
ϣ㲻ҪǱ̬Ůһ𣬲ȻҪ¼ƻˣҶһɽϵһСʯ֮ϣÿԿȻûнΧԳˡ
ҶڵȴţȴµһĻͺܸɴķλֱӻسϢȥ
Һƺûдһ𣬶ҲûԼߣ¾һһҸԡ


485 һɱ1
һȥҶ˾Ǹǰͷ׼һϲǿ϶ģϲͲһˣ
ߺȺװƵĹ֮УһЩҲǰǵĿ£µ׷ߣȻûһ𣬵ĻôܻŹ
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Ҷ˿ᶯʱ򣬷ָƺ٣˵Ҫܶ
Ҷ벻飬ȴҲ֮е飬Ҷ˵УǱ̬ǲԽӽΣմڣ˵
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һҶֱ˵
ѪССɻһ£Ҷ˵ԸôͨҶҲӦûȥòŶԡ
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Ҫ·
ԣʧܵģ
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С壬뻹ûİ취Ҷ˿ԽԽ£ߴ˵
ûˣû뵽µ׷ô࣬뵽İ취ǶˣѪѾˣϷʲôˡ
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Ѫ嶼е㲻˼飡
ˣˣҶ˻صⲢѪʧˣΪѾûʱˣΪѾˡ
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ǵģѪе亹
Ϊʲô֮ǰ㻹˵ôࣿ



486 һɱ2
ǲҪʵģֻǻشѣѪ亹ƺԽԽˡ
ŶҲǣ

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˼ƺҪҶһеĸо
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ʱ°Ҷ˵Ժ˵ĵԱȣ˵ȷҪܶˡ
ĳҶɻ
ţһܼӣ˲µͷ˵
ܼӣⲻ˵
СǲǶǸܼкøСѪ巢Ϣȥ
ǸܼǲкøУҶ˺ʵ֪ܼʵָľԼ
Ȼ֪ԼҶҲ˽һѪ壬֮
С壬ΪʲôҪ⣿ƻƻģŵȲ˵ԲҪкøеˣ
㲻ùܣѪܸɴػص΢һ¼ƻһҪŪ顣
ʱ򣬴һᣬƺû뵽Լᱻ⣬Ҳû뵽Ҷ˻⡣
ܿ죬¾ͻָ˵ûкøУҪ˵Ļ⵹е㣡
Ϊʲô᣿
ʣҶе֣ҲհˣһûѪˣΪѪ֮ǰ˵ˣҪܡ
ʵҲ˵ᣬֻ˵е㲻ǰ׷ңĪľ׷ңһֻĲӬһҲϲߣȴͻȻˣһ仰û˵þпƺʲȥûмɻҶˣ˵顣
ԭѪеˣġ
һһֱʱúᣬߣͻȻһ죬ͻȻˣʱ
ʱͻԼˣģҲ˵һϰͻȻûˣе㲻ϰߡ
ȻҲһܣǾҶССĴ򶯹£ϾҶʲô鶼ǸΪĺ꣬Ϊ׷¸ܶࡣ
֮£Ҳеһ¸жҲ˵ֿ֮Ϊ⣬Ȼװᣬ˵ϲҶˡ
ҶͻȻȻͻúʧˡ

Щ²ⶼǴģ
֪²⣬һشԼܻᱻҶ˸жֻǾáԼˣˣ


487 һɱ3
˵һҪ֪ǰҶ˵ĻֱӰνҶˣ
һ㣬ѪŵȵˣҶԼܿ϶·ֵĻԼûк³
ԣԲԴϸء˹
ʱôҸء˹ˣͲԼˣ
еˣԵ㶫
˰֮Ҷ˸ѾûӰ֮ǰ·Ǽκˡ
Ѿҷɢˣ֮ǰô˾һѾʼˡ
ҪԣЩƻصģ¿Ҷ˴ӽָ֮óֳɵʳ˵
ʲôҶеɻΪʲôƻء
һΧԣһʳסжҪԼҪԶҪԼңԼŸ˵
һΧԣʵԲҰ֮⣬ҪҵҰԵĶҪԼҰңҰҰˣȻҰޣ
ˣһξڴԣԵڼǷ֮㴦ҪҪϤ㣡
ô𣿡Ҷֵǰûз⣬ʵҲܹΪҶ߹ʲô鶼㶨ˣҪʲô
ţУڶˣͳȣ´һӣװһЩ
ллҶҲֱӽӹеˡ
֣Ϊʲôһ·ûпʱеֵ˵ҲҶ˷ڡ
һ·ϣȷûпһֻҶǰ֪ˡ
ܻûİɡҶ˵ֻһʱģܿðһ͡
ɣǽǿħ޵أŻĶﶼʧȻĻǾǵù˵
ùƺܳҶ˵ϣҲܷҶһܻ
Ҳпֻʱģ˵ͳһֻ㿴㿴ˣҶָһ˵
ѪĬ
˷ʲôǴǣµĻѪϢͬʱݹ
֪ǣҶ˻شһֻʲôýŵġ
ħޣ
֪
߼ģ
Ҳ֪
Ը̫ףҪСģ
һ֪

Ѿ˵ˣ»ʲô˵ģֻܿʼ׼սˣû뵽һεһֻħޣ֪ûǲ
ǣ׳Ƶ׳ƵĴǣһħޣΪκܴǻɫģԾͽдǡ
صǴһǺ͹󣬾ħе࣬ҲǴһ㣬ѾˣǱţҪڲͬĵطһ۾ϳ
˹ӣע⣬лĻɱס۾ӡóŴǿȴ֮󣬸Ĵ
Ȼֻ״̬еĻո˵ģע⣬ȻҶȥ͵Ϯ
ףҶҲ𹭣ǴǣԴӣֻ˽£ȴѪһСС顣
С壬˵ҪҪվȻӢ۾һᰮҡ
ҪһֵᷢģֲڰѪûػصϿԺԲơ
˵ҶʱûһȻͿԶһߣȵվʱ˧̬Ӣ۾ںǲܵġ
ҶһģҶվôܲʱֻøӵ⡣
ԣ±Ѫˣ
ˣŪֻǣҺö˵Ҷ˼취УֻɱѴǸһ


Ҷһ̱úƽߵһҲ֮ƽһ̣»ͷĻͻᷢҶ˷·Ѿ뵽Ļ֮С
ָоһֺ״Ҷ˾վȴһڵĸо˵Ѿ޴ڣһȫһ
˺һţ־磡
֮Ҷ˵ۼһһ˵ħֺǶֺ߶ǡ
ţҶ˵ɿƿնȥ
ʱ»ΪҶڻҪǵע⣬Ҷ˿лɱǴǣҶ˼˽⣬֪Ҷһ
ȻħޣҲȽϸ߼ʵǲģѣ鷳
֮ҶʵҲ򵥵İ취УΪˣ֪һС


488 һɱ4
ôҲûԼûжֵʱҶѾһȥˣǼһߴһ¡
Ϊ벻Ҷ˻ȷѣҪĻûٶȾȻ˵Ŀ죬쵽е㲻˼顣
Ҷ˵ļǼʶҲԼǱȲϣҶ˵ļѾ˵Ƿ켫ĵز½֮ϣӦûж֮ȡ
ˣһ֮ǰҲǵ͹Ҷ˵ļ
Ҷ˵һ֧ٶǰһ˲˴ǵǰֱ۾֮С
Ǹʱ򣬴ƺһ˼飬ĵ˼ı۾ֻƤ𵽶ٵķǱһˡ
۾֮Уû˶ͣ٣ǵѾһƻĳţҪĴȥĸо
ô˵ֻոճֵĴǣûзʵ

һ̣Ѫ嶼סˣôҲû뵽ĽҶһͽΪҪһ񶷸ʡˡ
ʵ
ڰг𣿡µĹûƺѾ飬ֻǴʵ
Ŷ˵ʵǵȻģҪ͵ܰеʵֳҶ˵ͷԼ
ңǰûнӴ𣿡صıϣһɣһǸ˶ỳɵĻɡ
Ҷ˴Ӳ񵽸֣˼ľ¶ڿţмʱҲô̶̵졣
ô̵ʱһôܴӲᵽ̶أ
ƺܣһţҲܣ
Ǿƭң֮ǰѾˣΪ˽ӽԼ
µ뷨ҶӦƭԼҪ׷Լµһƭ֣Լ֮ǰȻˣ
ûУҶҡҡͷ
ôûУ˵Ѱɣ֮ǰƭǰɣΪ˽ӽңŻôɵĳȥЩطɵȻЩֻһɺϣ˵һֱϷŪĸоС
Ҷ˴һ£Ȼ˵Щȷһɺϣǹӽ㣬Ҫ㣡
Сô˵ˣǸ㣬Ҫ𣿡Ѫڰеż˵
ȻˣǾͳ£Ҳûʲô˵ģҿ˳Ҷνػص
ԴҲ⣬ô˵ôȥ˵׷һʲôģ֪˾֪ˡ
ŵҲҶˣ֪֪ˣûʲô˵ģʱԷſֶȥ׷ҪĲҪ֪ĿľͿˡ
ûҶ˵˵ĿĲǹؼֻҪ²֪Ҳνˡ
˭˵׷󱻿˾ͲɹˣЩ˾ǰȥ׷̬ȹŮģ׷ɹ
ʱŵҲʱ̬ˣΪҶѾµγһӡ֮ǰ飬ѾﵽĿġ
ڵ¾֪ҲᷭˣҶ˸ߣ
ߣºǲмغߵ
ȻҲֻǺһ£ûҪҶ뿪˼˻ǻɽнԡ
𲻸˰ô׷󣬶һҲҪġˣҪ˵һ㣬ֻ׷㣬ûƭ㣡Ҷ˸˵
ûƭң㶼ѾЩɺˣ㻹˵ûƭңе㲻ˬˣҶеӡʼˡ
׷ԼҲûʲôԼ˵ģô׷ңһҲ࣬ϾͲˣ
Ҳûʹңֻ˵㣬ƭ㣡Ҷ˺˵

´һ£Ҷ˵˵ȷûƭԼֻԼѣԼͿԭ
еˣм飬ҶһƭԼļƭ֮ǰһӣȥ㣬㶼־ˣ㻹ҽ̣ǲҪ׳Цң
Խ˵Խʱ޲úúýѵҶһ٣
ûƭ㰡Ǹʱȷһ񰡡ҶҡҡͷúܳϿҵʾԼû˵ѡ
㻹ѣ֮ǰǲôܻڶ̶̵ͱһ֣һһļ֣ʮ궼ûãֱ˵
ΪһŰɣҶ룬Դ˵
˵ţҲܣ
ҾеţҶ˽ӻ
³Ĭ
С㣬ĸ㣬飬Ҿû˵ѣеţ²˵Ҷ˾ǿ



489 1
ðɣҷģҷǰĻҾͱ׺䣡Ҷ˷ĵ飬еΪȷû
ûѧҶ˷֮¿ʼɶ
ţҶ˵ͷ
ľеţ˵
ȻҶ˺Ӧޡ
治ˣȴǡҲپЩ⣬ǰֻɱĴǲĿǰ⣬ôһ⡣
ܼ򵥣ƤȻڳħˣȥ࣬ųԡҶ˵ֻ˵ûжֵ˼
ţµͷȻҶˣʱҶ¶ѾǴǵıϡ
ɱģԺ⣬ƻذɡҶ˵
㣬ֻҪڼɱ㣡¼Ҷˡ
ãǳԺܾˣ㶯֣˷ഺˡҶ˶Ǵ˵
֣˼Ҷ𣿡¿Ҷʵ
ϻѵ𣿿㣬£еġҶֱӻصƺûע⵽м⡣
Ҷ֣أ¼Ҷˡ
ҿ㶯ְʲô⣬һģ춯ְɣҶȻ˵
׷𣿡¿ҶˣúܹŹ֡
ǵģ׷㣡Ҷе㲻ף׷йϵ
Ȼ׷ңӦ˼һŮ𣿲Ҫ˵׷ң㲻׷ңҲӦðû˵ǵģȻ˳µԼϿš
ҶǺϤǰǱģҲŮӵ˵Ҷ˶Դ˲⡣
ǰʱҶүôܻԼ֣ŲˣһС̵Ҳæ㶨жֵĻᡣ
СȻҪŮǰʿȡѪе㿴ȥˣڿԵĻҪҶһ¡
ҲʿС壬Ҽǵ֮ǰҲģΪʲôͲأҶ˻ظ
ңһ𣿡Ѫû˵
һԼˣˣţӦþҶ˵ͷƺˡ
Ҷ仰Ѫжٱƽһ㣬ԼôҿҲֵãԼԼˡ
ðɣҶʱֻԳҪӿռָ֮óһߣƺˣԼóߵĻͻ鷳
Ϊ⹤Լ𹤾ߣпܻһЩҪ鷳
ǣҶ˾ֻóһѺͨذףذ׵ȷǺͨʽģҶģĿռָлʮѡ
Ȼ˵ͨûԣҶܼĶһ㶼̫ذ׵϶һģģܷ
Ҷ˽СϪߣȻ¾ͰţҪĴǸˣ
ǰ𣿡¿˴
ǣҶ˵ȻǷˣԼôȥ򣬾ԼԸ⣬ҲԸ⡣
ǰ𣿡ٴʵ
ûУһΣҶ˻ص
ǲ׼ƭңһҲӡ
ûƭ㰡ǵһΣǰǱŪõģҲҪ֡Ҷ˻شϴ֣СϪõһ£ϪСϪֱܿ峺
Ҷ˺ĻȻţΪһүôҪأǰĻ˲ˣһξôѵ˵Լеš
ò˵ԼŰɣ
Ҳ˵ǿöˣȻͻˣ˵ûԹ⣬ҲɱġҶ˵
ûԹ⣬Ҳ·¾
Ŷ࣬˼ˣҶ˵ͷ
ܾ⻰ƺе㲻ԾҲûϸΪûҪ

ľܣϴҶ˽ӽȥǼӵˮӵμӵ⣬ʲôûУҶ绹ǵһΣҲܶΣǰҲһ㡣
˵κʹ׼ģ׼˲ٵĵϣҶûãΪҶ˲̫ӵĵϣ򵥵ᡣ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ҷ˾ҲҪԼҲûˣ
ʵȻԳղǺУҲһ㣬Ұʳܹרŵѵ
ٱǿɣ
¿Ҷ˵ԼӦòҶ˲
üְ
Ҷһ⣬һߺСƺڣСͨǴ½е֣û¾ֵĵط
ǣ߼ħޣ֣»ش


490 2
ôֵģ߼Ӧ߷𣿡Ҷʵźܶ˶һʣϾϰ˵ϰΪ
ֲ֣ͨҰޣһ֣ץҰޣ֣弶ħ֣弶֣ؼʮ֣켶һٷ֣⿴Ƿ֡˵
ʵЩ˵ؼµħʵͨҰ޲࣬Ⱥ˵ʵȻѾؼ
ֵķֱʵ֣ħʵˡ
Уħ޵ʵּȻҲͬķַͬǾżɱżħޣǲһ̫ѵ飬Ϊħֻħޣһ˵ǻۡ
켶ؼħôܻ֡Ҷ˵
ǵģħ޵ļʱͺܵͣܳħ޾ͺܲˣ߼ħ޼ûУǲ֪ʲôˣȻһֻ߼ġ¿Ź˵š
ȻǺˣǡҶ˵֪Ҷ˵Ļһͷڣ¶ԴĮӡ
˺ܾãѾ˵ζڼҶ¾һЩ飬һЩ޹ؽҪģֻΪ˶ɹĵʱ䡣
ƺûżȥԣҲΪʵ⣬ֻеĹ̡
²ĻҶҲ͸ἱζţ
ȥʢȻҶ˻ϰСʱ˵

ºʱͻȻǺ㣬ȻûиӵĲϣȴһ˻ζ嵭
ȻҲ˭ģҶ˺ܲĽһӡ
Ϊʲôҿ㲻һ壬һҪ˶һ㡣û˵Ȼ
ұǺ尡УҪģҶ

ҡҡͷúҶ˵ܷǿЦã˵ȷǺ壬˹ǰˣѾ˼
ˣǼ߰ɣ
ڳԱ֮ʰһ֮¾Ҷ˵ʱȻҪȥ
⸽ӦòǴǵأҰǲֵġ
ߣҵ׷ȥʰʰ»ǺصģҶ˵
ʰʲôѾʰˣ𣬶ѾˮˣôܻУ˵ģԴ˺ܿ϶
ðɣʵҪ㣡Ҷھ˵
һӺ
ߣҪֻ˵ȵǰȥºǰȥûٻͷҶˡ
ҶҲ֮Уƺȥˡ
¸ŽĻͻ֣ᷢʵҶ˲ȥ飬ֻǸһŮ͸ոյǹ
С壬С壬ˣҶڽֵʱ򣬾Ѫ
ȥҪ¾Ͱ飡ѪŭĻӦԣΪҶҪ㣬ھȻ
ʲô飿Ҿİŵģƭˣֵᷢġ
ƭΪ˸𣿡Ѫʵ
ţ֪ʳŵĶóһ㣬԰ɣҶ˵ͷ˵֮ѪѾӺڰ֮гǰ
ѪҲ˵ʲôֱҶеͺ
ôĲһ㣬νֲ֣һᡣҶڵЦ˵
ܺãѪ˵ȴůû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼһ
Ȼ˵ζȲԼģмĸоȴһмҶ˼ӵϣܰػζ
ˣˣϵ˯ˣٳȥҹҶ˿Ѫ֮󣬱뿪ˣҪ׷£ڻû뿪˵ĿƷΧ
СѪؽһǱ䣬һᣬţʧںڰ֮С
С㣬ˣҶ׷µ
ϴûУһ䡣
ϴʲô֣Ҷһһʱ֮ûзӦ
òֶûϴµеˡ
Ŷ˵ǸȻϴˣǰҪϴ֣ΪЩ𣿡Ҷ˲ԼոյĽڡ
ߣºһû˵ˣȻûпҶ˸ոϴûϴ֣֮ǰҶɱǵ֪ҶҲһɾˣݡ
ҶһֱţԽԽ棬ֵ֮ҲͱȽ϶ˣڴʱͿչһԼļ
Ҷڵһɱ֮󣬾ûɱκεö֣ڣ¾͸㶨ˣҲֲϡ
һȥ֮ҶµСۻʮ֣Ȼ࣬Ҳˣÿһֶͳƣгһ񵥡


491 ҹϮ1
˵ͳƻ֣Ⲣ˸ź棬֪ҪŶٵĹԱ
μӻ˶ӹԱ֮õһС𹤾ߣһרż¼Ĺߣÿɱ֮¼һ¾Ϳԡ
ҹҶһطӪ
С㣬𣿡ҶӪʱʵ
ȻˣóһȻĲΪһУξ˵С˼ˡ
ж𣿡Ҷʵ
ûС㣬ѵûд¿ҶˣԭոҶԼڹģΪԼûд
ǺǣˡҶ˵
³ĬеѪҲˣŷԼЩ˾Ȼһ㣬Ҷ˹ΧԣȻûи׼Ұ
ôôԺΧԿҪʮ찡ôûһõģҸˣҲ»ش
ǰɣô죬˯һвУҶ˵仰ŮסˣҲ̫ɴˡ
ǲǹⲻҶ˵ĸɴ»
ˣҹⲻʲôҪ㼷һҶüƺ¼һһܵ顣
ҪǱЩ׷µ֪һָҶ˵ıӴС̫޳ˣһǹģҪСһ
ȥ˭Ҫ㼷һˣҲǹ⻹⣬ûĻԼ˯棡ҶˣԼ
Ҳԣһ˯һ㣡Ҷ˵ͷȥҵҪʲô𣿡
ͿɣǼֻӿˡ»صֿɰӾ⣬˵ˣǼֻҲļˡ
ܺãǵҶ˵ͷ˵
Ϊʲôң¶Դ˺ôҪϣ׷
Ϊ֮ǰˣԣȥɱӣҼͿԿˣҶ˵ƺƺе㲻
ǲҶ˵֮ˣûи·ĻᣬǲòȥɱӣȻҪ㶨֮
СӹԹԣſ
Ѿˣˣ
Ҷڳ׸ʱеѾĺˣĻľ¸Ļشһ֪ʵŮӣرλõĻ롣
˭˵ģѼӶܷɣܿءҶ͵͵˺һֻȣҧһ֮Ǹоĸ֡ݼ㣡
ÿѼӷɷɿû˵
Уڷ𣿡Ҷҧһ⡣
²ҶʲôˣΪƺûʲô塣
֮ܿ¾֪ҶΪʲôԼΪ
ǸʱӲҪҶ˿һֻӡ
˹ӣϵʲôľ̿𣿡¿һҶеӣǺںӺľ̿ʵûжٷֱ
ǰӰ΢һ㣡ӦǿˡҶ˻ش
Ҳ΢һӦÿˣǰٷְٵĳ׵Ŀˣ¶ҶѾеˣӸǹӸ磬ûҰӡ
ҲҶջӣټˡ
ʲôҲве㲻ף֪Ҷʲô뷨Ȼ˵
ǰⲻ˵Ѿˡ
ˣսˣܲ
ֻҪսĲȥһԳԡҶóذףڻ￾һ£ȻͿʼиľ̿ӡ
Ȼ˵Ѿľ̿ˣ滹ôһ⣡
ԺҪҰ㿾ˣҲв⣬ӵ̫ˣҶ˿Щ⣬һССľ
Ѫ岻ٷκεԺлҶһĻǾԲҶ˶֣Լһ顣
ͽˣ½ϢȥˣҶˣȻǲܽ룬ֻһ濴ɫ
Ҷ½֮뿪һξ룬ѪԳԼ
С壬ԲԿ⣡Ҷ˽Ƿݿ֮ݸѪ壬Ȼľ֣̿ǿԳԵһ֡
ԣѪû˵ʲôóԵġ
ҳˣʵζҲܲͺѬһҶҧһɣȻܳԣˮòѾˣЩûж
һɣѪ彫Ҷеġɡùһ㣬нţţζ¶ǣ
ѪʵùֻҪֵһ㣬Ҷ˳ΪõĶ̫࣬û뵽ǣζȻĻԡ


492 ҹϮ2
ٺ٣ǵȻˣҿǺģʵǹ⿾ġҶһҺӡ
Ź֣
㲻Ҫ˵ƺòá
ˣҲ˵ƣǹ⿾ģΪζ˰ɡ
ţ

¹֮£Ǵ֮ϣ˿Ļú⾳һ
⻭֮еȴû򣬾죬˵żɷ羰Ļ
ҶѪûжٻ⣬һ㶼ɱйص飬Ҷ˽Լ֪Ķ̸Ѫ壬ԸӵɱΡ
˵ϲΪʲô㲻һ㿴ѪͻȻ뵽⡣
Ȼ˵ѪҲϲҶһ˵ҶҪҪġ
ϲˣôһ𿴣˵ˣҪûкһһܲڡҶ˵
ҲҪȥ˭׷˼ңѪûйģҲҶһΪʲôôڣֻҶ㶨顣
ʵҲ룬ֻҪ㶨飬ͲÿҶ˺һ𣬶ԼҪиš
֪Ϊʲôһôһ㲻Ѫɱִûй顣
С壬쿴ɨǡ

ҹ֮УһǴųβͳǰǺѵõһ棬ǳֵڶܳ
һֵûȴĳ˵ġɨǡָӲƻˡ
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С壬쿴ɨǡ

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С壡ҶͻȻ˵

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аɣŮһӡȽֻµʵлġѪ˵
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ŵȵļƻΪµҶȻҪ֣ȻĻǳϷôȥ
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493 ҹϮ3
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494 Ӣ۾1
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495 Ӣ۾2
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496 Ӣ۾3
һ̣˵ֻ⣬Ҳһ⣬⣬ȥڤˣ
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497 Կ1
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498 Կ2
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ʱЩ˾ôʶ࣬ƫҪԶʱ֮󣬲֮ǲܱѾȸˡ
͵һҲˣĴۣ
Ժ㽣ʥɱҶô͵ѾˣԶһ̣οʥɱҶ
Ȼ˵Ҷ˴򲻹ʥʥҲһץסҶˣҪɱҶˣǲܵ飡
Ҷ˵Ļ֮͵¸ӲĿˣڲŷԼǶô޴ΪʲôҪñɱԼ
һεĻһѡܣҪʲô𣬲ҪҶ˾
Ҷ˵Ļش֮һ£û˵ɵӦҶǸܼ֮ˣѵǰ˹Ҳǰܼӵͬࣿ
ȻѾ־棬ھ͸Ͻʬ𼣣Ҫ鷳ҡҡͷҶˡ
ţҶӦȻȥʬˡ
ǿԣһҪȥ鷳ܲ־Ͳ֣
ܿҶ˾ͽʬˣȻֳսĺۼĨȥѪİ£㱻֪Ҳᷢκε⡣
͵һνеĺܣ˶ΪμΧԵģ֪£Ҳ֪ġ
ҲǿЦĵط֮һ͵ԼԼúܳף޷ڣºֻʧˣ㻳ѾˣҲû뵽йϵ
Ҷ£Ϊεսֻҹ뿪˶ĵطҹ͵һҹԡ
£ʲôҵ뿪֮Ҷе֣Կ϶Լû˸ţеĻѪѾȥˡ
ԣµϣһʲôٵĶ
жֻףǡǲУ˶ֽžͼˡ
ҿҶ˿ʼѲ飬ܿ죬ҵڣԭ֮УһС⣬һ׷ٵС⡣
СǺܹģ͵Ϊ˽컨˲ٵĴۡ
Ҷ˶ԴҲмһˣӵɽ֮УϸһΣԿ϶ѾĶ
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ʲôеߵܿ췢֣Ҷ˵飬ƺ˵Ĳһ
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³ĬҶܹȥʰһ߷Ҷˡ
ιһ㣬㵽ûпµҶ˻ʱ򣬾ͼʵ
ʲôûп˵ʲôҶ˱ŪеԺ
֮ǰһƿʱ㿴ʲôģɬø˵עĻ
飿ҵҹˡûڡҶʱ򣬲ŷԼĽлûŪ
ǣұԼŽָ飬ҺûһߣȻˣó֮Ѿѿˡ
ϻѿѣոˡ
õ֮۵ļͳҶ˵ǰ˵ζʳָ󶯣Ҷ˺ܲ˺һ
ҶҪȷеʱһдɽⲢǸطʲô飬Ҷһ㡣
ء˹ŭˣԼ˼ˣǰ˾ȻԼôΣȫԼϡ
ңҶһ£ŷӦǽԼġ
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аʲôˣҶ˱شûУôڣµĽǶȣĲֻ࣬һ㼡
ǸʱҲû¶ٲλԾȫˣҲҪ
Ҷ˵ʵΪã˵ĻǲͱʾԼµĹϵһʱͿֱӳΪ˹ϵ
㡭㡭˰㲻ʳôҪôأ


499 Կ3
һḺģҶ˺˵
ͷ㿴˾ͿˣһƤװܲӡ
ҪģҪģ磬ҵŮѣߵȽˣҾסҶ˼ࡣ
ȥõ̵Ҫ˵飬Ҫ׷ңɲôף
£ܲܽҿҶЦʵ׷׷⣬ʱ׵ĻֱӺ˵ݰݡ
ʱҶʵҲͻΪھʹµϣ˵ĻҲһ档
ԣҵĴ֮˿ġ¾ܾ
ҾͿһᣬһͺˡҶ˿ȴ˵һҾˣ׷ҡ
ԣҡҡͷڵҶ˻׽ûķ²ģֻڿǽ׶Ρ
СҪôſԽҿһ᣿Ҷʵ
ҵˣҿԽ㿴˵˵仰ֺ֮ˡ
Ϊҵˣҵ˳ɻ飬Ŀǰƺָ
ǻǸոյ⣬ֱȥףʱҿסҶ˵
ȥ˭ͬˡյ
ⲻҪͬ⣬ȥ׵ʱͬͬ⡣Ҷ˵

µȷҪԼͬ⣬ôô죬Ǻ壬ĻǸ˼ٰġ
˵ˣȻҾͲһ𣡡˵ȻһΡ
͸ңȢ㣬ǲǻҿҶ˵
ҵɷҵȻ㿴㲻ǣü
ãȢ㣡Ұɡ
죡

С㲻ֱӣҪίһ㣬ƺϷŶɹѾԶˣѪеεĲ廰
ôίһ㣿ǲǰˣҶ˻ʡ
⻹һûзֱദһᣬʮ죬ȳط˵Ѫûػػ
鷳ˣ¾͵ˣҶû˵ˣ͵ˡ
һᡭ
ﲻ˵ˣ¼ҶĲ˵ˣΪԼ̫ˣԼ˵ˡ
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顭ûСҶһ£ȻֺûҪ˵Ļ⡣
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ҪҡͷҲջףջ׵ʱϻ·ܶˡ
˵ʱĻҲνȥصĵطˣʮɢڼá
ȫܻΪԼ·ҲҶ
ʮɢĽҩûȥʹԱҪΪ̫鷳ˣҲΪҲֻܳʱ̡
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ҶǿԽʮɢڲܱ¶ݣйصģȥȻҩ
ҲΪһȽֵǾҶҪչ£ͱ˼ˡ
ʮɢЧһʱ䣬ԽҩĻһʼָȴ޷ӳҺ²ֹؼȻĻ鷳ˡ
ǻǱϢһ£ȡůϢһᣡҶָһʺӪصĵط
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ڵҪϲҪҶ˰æҪţǵʵ̲סʱǸʱ򡭡
Ҷϲϯ̣ûҲһ£Ҳкܶ඼û񣬾̡
ˣϢˣ´ϱڵϣԼȥԼĵ̡
¶Ҷ˵ȻʱѾˣ⻰ûҪ˵һ¡
ţҶ˵ͷԼı֮У֮˵һ仰
£ҪҪͽҡ
ȥ


磡
ҶѹʱѾˣůյĸоҪһ¡
ˣˡµĹ֮еȪڴʱҶ˾úˬˬû˯⡣
ţҶʰһ£׼ȥСϪϴˢʱԼƺʲôҪԼ˵ֲ˵ڣ˵˼˵ڡ


500 Լ֣1
Ҷ˱ûз⣬ѪڣˣҲ֪Ҫʲô飬û˵
ôˣҶʵ
ңһǲܴܶܲȥָһȽصĵط
ȥŶҪéɣ㲻˵첻ǽ𣬱áҶ˷ԭ򣬶ĻԽԽ࣬µԽԽ졣
죡ҹȥºֹҶ˵ĻҶ˽֪˵ʲô˵Ļ
֪ˡҶ˽±صĵص㣬£ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ͺ˵һ
ߣ͵
ҲûգȥˢϴˣҪҪˮϴϴǸ

·ԼҶǰѾû˽ˣȥˣڿǣԼֱӻȥˣ֪˾֪Ҷֲ
ʼջûк
֮µҲϲоΪʱ򣬿ʲô鶼ҶҶ˷
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĸоܺãҶźĸоҪЩ˺öˣǸоһٱֹ
ܶԺȻǵӣϲָоǸʱʱܾһͺˣϧֻô졣
Ҷ¼ΪĹϵԽȲǺܿ죬ǵĵطӦֻԭһ·̡
Ȼһ㣬ȴв٣Ҷ˵ļʱ򷢻ӵ쾡£Ҷ˵տҲ΢ǿһ㡣
ʱ¶ǸӣҶ˵Ļ˵ӣԣֻԼտˡ
һ˵Ҷ˻ǲϲտϲŪлתתȥģֻҪžС
죬ҶһڻѱߣȴĽлʱҶ֮Ǣ˺ܶ࣬˵ЦҲ˲١
±Ҷ˱ŵʱѾˣƽʱûʲô仯һƽһܾϰ˰ɡ
ܿ죬лͿˣҶ˽ӻͳȴһ֮ÿǷܡ
ԸȣǵȻұȥģ̫鷳ҶȽȵݸ£˳ùһҰ
ɽ֮УźܶζɿڵҰҶ¶ϲժһԼԡ
ھ˰֮ǰ㻹ȢأӣҾҪؿǣ΢ЦҶ˿СЦ
ദҶ֮ľ˺ܶ࣬ⷽͿԿȥģ½ΣգᱻҶ˳ɹƭġ
Ȣ㣬ҿչ㣬㷳ϧ㲻Ը⡭Ҷ˼˺һȣȻһҧȥԵ춼͡
ȢҵĻ֮ǰҪãȻĻ֪˻֮᲻᲻ңȥմǲݡЦ˵
ҲᣬǺˣҶ
һߵѪ尵з㻹ˣ绨ѩ¥ģһ¥ģСͻԺζģ
ֻǿ¥ֻȥȻƣûΰҶ˻ص
һ
Ҷ׼ٴηʱһ벻ˣҶҪȾܣ²ܡ
ȻⲢ˽ûΣյġ
㰡ǲһҰɡһ˹ͬʱһͬӰǰ
ǸʱҶ£ûп˭˵ҪԾԼҿԸһֻɽ

¶һ£û뵽Ҷ˾Ȼܾ⻰Դ󲿷˵Ҳûģֻе⡣
´˿˵ҪԵĻҵǷݿԸ㣬ҵ³ԣˡĩ岻ʣ޷ӭӻϣ
ϣҶ˴һ£Ѳɡ
ҶĻعͷ
ҿ
ᣬյ۹ŮʣھվҶԶվŲٵĻʼЩʼɲͨĻɫǾӢ
ȻǵؼϵģȻǺܶ࣬ʵǿġ
⻹ģҪϰЩǾ͸ˣ
УξôˣῴһҶ˵ıӰǺβͣҲûٰҶ˷ˡ
е㲻ȫ»شʱǾԼʮɢ
ֱ˵ĻܿóҩҲͰ¶ˡ
ʱҶһϣһ֮󣬾ˣҪǼһˡ
Ļ֪ͨЩǹߣҲںõʲôΡ˵»е˽ģ֪Ҫˡ


501 Լ֣2
ˣչˣԣҡҡͷ
¶һ˿ȣܿʧˣΪû뵽¾ȻҶչ˵ԭ
ΪֹҶһֱûлͷ֪ԷҲһûлͷ
ǵģµͷһߵҶˡ
ʱҲǿҶˣһʱ֮Ҷ˾ͳ˵Ľ㡣
СҪСŮʴкȻĻע⡣ѪæϢ
֪ҺкĻҲһܻᱻϳġҶüͷʹ
취ŪȥɣȻĻҾڽȫɱȻеѣϣģѪص
ȿҶ˼롣
ιôˣеʾòã˵㲻յˣŮʱҪеò
Ŷ˰Զ𣿶ˣҰζһĿζټˣҶ˰ڰ֣ʼͷҲûлء
˶Ĭˣÿ˳Ĭԭ򶼲ͬ
»ΪҶΪʮɢԭﰵʲôǲӭϣⲻڸߴ
Ѫ壬ֻεֻ̾ע⣬鷳
;Ҷ̫ˣȻӭϣ
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˼ҲǺġҶǸƽûпԼǺ壬ĻĻɡ
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˵ҵĲƺرࡣ
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ˣ˵⣬ļܷһ˰ɡῴҶеĽл˵
ûţԼȥҶǾܾ˶һ£Ҳһ
ܾ
СӦôӦ
ԭ⣬ӦҲͨһֻͬʱҲ

ҶڻشѪ֮󣬾Ϳʼ¾Ͱֻ꣬˶סˣĴһá
ʲô˼ǲһ
ῴҶˣ˼Ѿˣ˾ǲһڵĻᡣ
ѪƺеˣҶ˶ĵеѪȴоãҶ˶Ȼе⣬ȻҲ˵Ҫɱᣬܾ²֡
ܾã˲ֻǵô򵥣
ȻֻĸоѣǲʵͲһˣʹҶˣ˳˵˻ǵˣû顣
Ҷ˲Լ֪
ߣˣһߣڳ˶ʼе㺦ˣٻ
ϡҪ˵ʲôʱˡ
˵ˣôҾͲţҾͳԲ˵
һû뵽ᾹȻûз쭣ȻҪԼл


502 ʧɢ1
ֻҪϡͿڼˣĻúҶ˵Ҷ˽̸ġ
أһ˵֮ᷢûмϣǾͿҶˣòҶ֮ǰ˵ṩ
ʱҶ˵һ˵Ļڳ˶޲ð
Լȥ򣡡

ող˵ԸҼ𣿡ʵ
ոǸոգڣҶ˻ص֪ĻԲ˵㡣
ãݣǰȥŪһֻ񲻴ȻҶ
ʱ򣬼˶ھһ㣬ΪʲôŮƢôãȻǰСôš
ڿҶ˵ʱ򣬾ͺڿһˣΪǾҶǱɵģ
Ůû鲻õʱǾǿʼ쭵ʱ򣬶鶼ô죬ҲҲ˵Ͼͷ
ʱСӾҪȥڤˣ
ҪĻȥץһֻȻԼҲҪȥڤˡ
ζ˭ģڳлʱ򣬾ζУһζ
лԶģ¹Ȼһģ۵Сֺϡ࣬епǧ
Ҷ˼Ѽ֮Ǻܲ˵ȻˣǾɢ˰ɣټ鷳һ»£Ǽ
Ǹʱһ㶣ûü˵ʱ򣬷Ҷ˾Ȼ£µ˽⣬֪ױ˱ţ仹һˡ
Уξô𣿡ʵ״̬µоܵĹϵ
ǵģͺˣµͷеɬ֮죬û뵽Ҷ˾ȻŴҵ汧Լ
ʱԼҲƺϰˣûпܣģȻ͸˵ˣֻĬĬĽܣ

Ҷ˺ܿ콫·֮ϣȻǰţţɽ䡣
ڿʱ򣬾Ȼоµ⻭øˣеĽչš
оһ˵ģҲͬĸоһ̾ã⻭΢΢Լ顣
ţ΢΢ģССģ֮УжٿСС飿ССģҲһѵá
չչ˵òϲ𣿡Ҷ˵ʱҶ˲ŶУȻĸо
ʲô飬ʲôҶûлشᣬüƺᷳԼ
˭㣬ֻͬ·ѡ䵭˵
ŶߣҶͣס˽ŲȻС
㡭ҪϢˡ˵ոտʼʱ˵ʱһ
ɱɱСˣ
ŮʱΪʲôɱǰɴû̹ġ
˼ͱʾ𣿡Ҷɱƽʵ
ţҵģҵ£ϲ͸㣬ܲţῴҶ˵ƺһ˿Ķ˵Ķ
㣡Ҷӵ
֣Ϊʲô⻰Ҿ
Ҷ˼ǰţţƺҶîˣΪµֺԻ
ڳûһоģҲֻҶˣ
һ·ƽѾԽԽӽƬɽһڣһȥĵط˵ȥ֮Увʧٵġ
Ҷ˵˲ҪȥطҶ˲ȥǸطֻǴʹҶ˴·Ҷļ¼ܸɴ·
˶û뵽飬Ҷ˱ǴߣνҶˣָᣬһȺ˸Ҷʧˡ
һ·ˣϣκ˶벻һϣ˭ǲһ𣬿ȴƫƫˡ
ҶһɺϣԵɺϣ᱾Ϲ䣬Ծͻȥˣ벻ȻҶˡ
ܵ⼸ϷӰ죬ȻҶˡ
ӣҶͻȻеһ·
ʲôýеģߵ
ȿ˵Ҷָһ˵עȥ
⡭ӣ
˶ҶͬĽϴһľȡ
СôҶɣηŴ˼ʮСôûɣڳҶǰľǣСþȻĿ¶׹⣬¶һżݡ
ӣһħޣɫû䣬˵
ãżħޣϡУʮ֣¿һϣ˳ǻ߽֯ӶϣʹӶһЩСߣòԱԵõһЩ򵥵ϡ


503 ʧɢ2
ɱѽҶ̳˹ȥżħ޶˵ˬʲôҪӹ󣬿Ͳ¿ˡ
ôżʲôû˺ȵȣǸϣСǵķ֣ͻȻˣԼҶģҶɱˣԼûˡ
Ȼֻ棬ɲݰݱҶˣ
ᣬȿģȻҾ֪ͨԱȥҶһϰߣֱӺ֡
ڳƺûжģԼû⣬ֻЦ˵Ҿˣȥ֪ͨҿ˭ң

仰˵ûյ۹˭ᣬҪ췴
һʵۣѹ񣡡Ҷ˺ܲм˵

СƺԽԽˣȻֱӺŮΪʵۣûŮʻᷢŭɱ
ҲǹʵۣҲʲô񡣡ᷴ
ǣһ񣡣Ҷ˺࣬ڱ˵֪ܵģŮô񣬾֪һ
㲻յġ˵û˵ʲôҶ˲գҪġ
գ㲻ҪѹҾѹ𣿡Ҷͬʱ˵
ᣬҲѹ㣬ֻ𣡣
⻹һҶһ˳ȥһڽҧȻ׺׵ؿҶˡ
ʲô㣡Ҷ˲֧һûת䣬ֱ
ܿ죬Ҷ糱ˮһ֮УǿõˣܲĵĵأԼûзӣȻȥˡ
ü
Ҷ˵ļڳ˶һܸߵۣᡣ
ǸоҶ˵ļûκεĶƾ֮£Ȼܽһֻżħɱ˾е⡣
ţ˵ĻӦòôˣӦú׶ȥ
׳ˣҶ΢Ц˵źĽý壬ȻֱӸҸط
ʲôʵ
Ϣ˰ʱˣ㻹ҪߵĻͼҾͲˣҶЦ˵
ǰͲǰɣƫߣ
ԭϢȻҶ˵¡
ᣬ֣Ҷʵ
ҽ֣ǰ𣿡ῴҶʵ
ΣŮʱ£ôû˶˵һ̬ڿڿ㡣Ҷ˵һ̬˵
⻰˼Ҳֹ̬ô򵥣ܻǱ̬֮еı̬ǰɡῴѾĻѵ
ҲϣҶ˲˵ѣҲǿ϶ˡ
ǱƵġúܿնſüŵĸо
ûǰչֹı飬ڵѾһˣǿ̫顣
·Լ߳ģ˭ԱƵˣҶ˵ʵ
ǵģǱƵģ·ҲԼѡģҲڣĻѰζ֪˵ʲô
ǾϣܼȥһŮѾûʸˣȴһûʵۣҶ˿ſ⣬ֻ˵˵
һûʵۣ֧𣿡ῴҶʵ˫۾ҶˣȴҶ˸Լ𰸡
ңҶ˴һ£Ȼ˵ֲֶ֧֧˵ҪҲһ˶ѡ
˵Ҫأʵ
ҵĻشǣҲ֧֣ԭ⣡Ҷ˺ֱӵػش
ԭ⣬ѵ˵㲢յԭ𣿰ڵ˶뷨֪Ѫ廹в֪뷨ᡣ
Ҿ֪͵Űɣһ֪ǶôıῴҶ˵
ۣˣҶ˲ᣬذ׸һ鿾⣬Ȼʼ
԰ɣãһСŮı飬һ㶡
£Կ⣡ҶǸ⡣
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ţҶǺܸɴĵͷԴ˲ûзϵ˼
ҸˣԭҪңҾһɱ㣡¿Ҷˣγ
Ӧò꣡ҶͻȻ׵˵ԣתƻ⡣

ҹҶ˯Ұ⣬˶˯Ӫ֮УΪŮʵȻŲٵװұ˯һ
ҶʱȥѪ壬֪ڵߵ̫ˣֻѪ崫Ϣķʽ졣


504 ʧɢ3
ڼ䣬ҶҲõѪı棬صʵ棬֪᲻˰켶ˣҲһܽô
ѪҶˣ򲻵ѣҪȥᣬҲҪ¶Լݡ
ǰҶ˾û⣬Լзִģľ˵ˣһˣľӦûᷢʲôŶԡ
Ҷƺûע⵽ھеˣ̬Ⱥ֣Ƕһİ˵̬ȡ
ô˵Ҷ˾бҪ˦һҪ˦
ڶ죬ҶԹܶ취ô˦ᣬھͺƤҩһҶ˵ϡ
ԴˣҶ˶ֱ˵ᷳҪԼ
˵һ仰ҶͻȻһЩ顭
Ҫ˦ңΪʲôôϲң
ΪʲôҪ˵֣
⣬Ҷ˲û⣬Ϊ˵쵽ڵʱѾһҪ˦ᡣ

Ҷֻԭʼİ취Ǿܣǣ񱼣ٶƥеܲˣеϡ
Դˣǿ׷˫׷Ҹϣز֪˷򣬶ˣҲʼԽԽ١
㻹ܣ
㻹׷
㲻ܣҾͲ׷ˣ
㲻׷ҾͲˣ
ȱܣ
ȱ׷
㡭
㡭
Ҷỹڽţֻܸеͷʹû뵽ᷢչزŮʾȻôġ
˭ˣ
֪µ뷨Ҷᶼᷴ
ףͻȻʵƺŷ⻷İͬʱ֣Լ˺һˡ
ееԾ֪ԼĻʼԼܵÿ죬Ҳڸˣ
ʱе㺦£Ҷ˶Լʲôڿɾֻˡ
֪ҶûػشƺҲֵˣоѪϢҲûлӦ
ûҶҲûڣ
ʱɾһˣһɱľѻᣬҶȴûҲ֪ǲû
㲻֪ʲôѵҪǲ졣ỤԼ˵
ȥȥȫµŮ˶ˣҲûȤҶ˺ֱӵػص
˵ʲôϷһɺǿҵ
Ҷ˸ոյǾ仰ʵ̫̼ˣƢٺҲᷢ𣬸οƢͲôá
˵ȫµŮ˶ˣҲûȤҶٴ˵һҲûںɱ
Ҿô𣡣ԽԽ䡣
᲻ᣬҶûоֻԭ⣡Ҷ˲˵
ϣȲҪ˵Щˣǻ̸̸ڵĴɡ¼ԽԽͿתƻ⡣
ߣߵؿҶˡ
Ůʱ£ָˣȻ˺£ȴһ㣬᱾Ӧġ
˹ӣǲǲ֪ںδҶ˵̬Ҳǰʣ˵ˣҲǸҶܽġ
֪ҿԿ϶һ£Ҷ˵
ʲô飿ʵҲעҶϡ
·ˣ
ŮĬ
˵֪Ҳ˵Ҳ֪Լᵭ˵
Ҷ˵ͷܵȻ˵֪һԿ϶һ飡
˵
ʧɢˣҶ˵
ҲǷϻ˵
Ͳ˵һЩнԵ𣿡е˵
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵УһԿ϶һ飡
¶ҶˣһΣˡ
ҿ϶ǲҸĵطͻҶ˵
˵Ҫ𣿡̧ͷ죬ôҲļ
ǵģϾҪ꣬һ꣬ԣõǱߵǸɽҶָŲԶһɽһСɽɽɽƺܴһӾע⵽
ȷ𣿡ʵ
ȷҶ˵ͷûн͡
ãߣҲܸɴࡣ
ǣǸɽȥǽɽʱͿʼ˱仯ʼ֮ܲǰǰס
ʱԼҶ˵ĻȻĻҪΪ
ô֪ꣿºʵ
ӻϸڿԿѣҪѧҿԽ㣡Ҷ˵
ãµͷȻҪѧϰо̱Ҫѧġ


505 ··1
Ժ˵ңΪʲôǶˣⲻܽΪӵ⡣ῴҶˣϣҶ˵˫֮еõһ𰸡
ڲ²⣬Ҷ˰ŵģԼһˣĻͿԶԼˣ
ǡ̫ܵˣҶ˵
Ҷ˵ĻУҶ˶Լ֪ԭģûԼ˵
˵ǲҪɱңǵĻǾ;ܹؿҶˣᣬҶ˵˴̿͡
ʲô˹ӣҪɱϣ¿Ҷˣϳ粻ر顣
˵ҶΪɱĻǲ˵֮ǰ˵ЩǼٵģĿĲԼᡣ
ûУβɱģҶҡͷ˵ͬʱҲųԼһοܻɱĿܡ
Ϊʲô㲻ΪңѵΪῴҶˡ
ţҾ£׷Ҷ˻ش
Ҫ׷𣿡üʵ
Ҷ˵ͷӦţ
ȻǣʲôԴ磡ЩŭˣҶ˽һ仰ʱûƢ
˭ǣҪƤĸţҶ˺ֱӵ˵

Ϊ׷˼ңҲûбҪô󣬰Լ档֮˵
ûŪģȻġҶ˶һ£Ȼ˵Ӧ⣡
Ҷ˵ģ⣬ҶڵĵطȻһȻ󷨣Χ֮Ҳ˾ò˼顣
漣ǺģȻҲǳһΣܶط֣ڵϣ½֮ϣЩһЩܾγһ˵
Ҷ֮ǰĴ˵ô£˵ʧٵҲȻģֻҪ󷨣пܻ
һ˵󷨻ὫͻԭʲôطͻʲôطȥӲҪȥߴ߽Ǿ͵ùˣܾͻᱻ档
ʵ󷨲Ǹӵ󷨣Ҷ¾Ϳƽ⣬ΪȻγɵģҶ֮ǰûע⵽ֱ֮ŷ⡣
飬Ҷֲܶ˵𣬾Լݱ¶ˣҲܽ󷨵ĴڣοڻǸء˹
ˣ˵ʱҶ˾ҲΪˣΪҶ˸ģҶɱġ
Ҳѹ֣λãÿ춼ҪЩ飬˵֪ǲһֳͷ
⡭ô죿Ỻʵ
ھ͵ͣˣǳȥǣҶ˻ص
ҲֻϣǲҪż˵
Ź֣ᵭ˵
ʵԼƤӵ²ˣЩ˵һԲˡĴ󣬶ھͺȹϵϣѾתˣ
ǣżҲûãǽ֮УȥֳȥֳԴûκεİ취
Щ⣬ѪҲżԼȻˣû飬Ҷ˶Ǳһľ룬ԵҶ˽󷨵ʱʵ棬Ȼ͸ˡ
ʱѪ廹ܸоҶż޷оҶ˵Ĵڣеżˡ
ڣԽԽֻΪѾȫоҶˣԼֽһƬ֣
ʵҲ֪Ҷ˻û£Ҷ˵ô£ȴֹĵģҶ˻һ͸ˡ
Ϣȥʯ󺣣ȫûκλظ
С壬û£ȥҸط꣬Ҿͳˣ
Ҷ˴ϢѪʱͷʯûŪҶ˵״Ǿ̷ϢҶ
ͬʱѪҲ֪ҶԼǺԶᳬ幫ЧҲֻ幫ЧҲֻôࡣ
һ£ֻῪСΧģȻ̫󣬻ܿ
һС⣬㲻ҪƬ֣·ġ
Ҫʲô¡
Ĳģֻ£ңʲô顣
ֻ𣿡
ţˣ˵ˣȥͺܿûħʲôҪ˵
ãҪСģ

Ҫ¶ãڻѱϣʵ
֪Ҷ˻ش
㲻֪ῴҶˣƺŵӡ
ôֻ֪֪꣬¶ôֲ֪񡭡ҶóһһĶӽ
ˣҲ¶þͶðɡ˫ֱϥŻڷе죬ӱ쳣


506 ··2
㲻ҪҺνдѵʱ䡣ҶҲν˵
Ҳν˵ǵȣʲôϵġ
ûҶҳһĶӽѡ
һ֮󡭡
ôô㣬ݡ̧ͷſ֮ζ
ɣһָʳɽҩҶЦ˵
ҳҶҪ
ûãҲԣҶӶ
Ĭ
˹ӣͱ۸ǻˣûôҶԡ°һҶˡ
ҶֱӻصҲŲһã鵽ļ࣬ʵ۱Ҫһ

ڣҽڣҪԣ㲻ңҾ͡еŭӡ
ʲôҶһмӣңңЩҶûõġ
Ҷӣ֪Ҷʲôʯ쾪˵һ䡪
Ҿͼ޸㣡
㣡Ҷ˶û˵ֱӰɽҩݸᡣ

ͬʱһţҲôӦɣңô
֮гٷ껹ûͣͼ֮зڹһ֮ͻȻҶ˲ˡ
£Ǻأ»ڱϣʵ
ոպˣҲû˵ʲô飬Ҫ̽հɡָŶѨ棬ǺںڵĶѨ˿͡
ָʲôȥɡ˵Ȼȥ
ϣȥ̫ΣˣȵɡվֹʱѾ·ˣ֮ǰҪ˱ţڲҪ˷š
ûµģʲôΣաᵭ˵档
ϣ
¼޷Ȱᣬ̸ȥеǿῴ֮󣬱ǰ
еܳû뵽ᾹȻԼемͬʱҲ
ɽܺڣȴ֮󣬾ͿҶ˵ӰʱҶһǽڷ
ڣ
Ůͬʱð뷨ܿͽ˦ӣôأôڣһط
˵ϸǽڣƺͨɽڲһǽڲƽ̹Ȼвٵĵ·
ʲôЩȵʵ
һţ￴Žɽ֮СҶ˻شš
ţʲôｨģʲôĿģʵΪصľôܲһڡ
ǵĿҲ֪ʲô˵ǿԲ³һ㣬ֵһ֣Ϲʱڵ֣Ϲʱ칤Խ֡
Ϲʱڣ칤Խһֻʢ壬еڵˮƽϹ֮սУ칤Խʧû뵽ﾹȻǵĽҶ˿Ǵź˷ܣԼҪҲˡ
û˵ŵĿ취ʵ
Уһ㣬ǲҪȥţߵĻͻµҶ˵
˵µǳ飡Դ˲⣬ֻſš
˵ģʱµ˻ͷϣҶ˶Դ˵ȻȤˣ˵ĻѾš
ϣǲ𣿡ʵԼʵ̫ˣʲôĻûӦ
ֲ룬ֻǿŶѣʲôÿȿ᲻˵
Ҳǣֻǿţȷûʲô⡣ҲÿӦòΣգԼԶһͲΣա
ʱ¶еԶԾͷֹͻ֣ĻԼҲ׼һ¡
·ע˼һǾһ·һǳͨĻ·һǳ֮·Ȼѡ·ˣҶ˵ͬʱҪ㿪ǻ·һ̣ȴסˡ
ô򵥵ģһƭǣѡ·һ·鷳ˣѡ֮·᲻дģһǷģѡһѵ·һ㡣
ŲҪΪʲôҪģҾѡ·Ҷ׼ȥ·
Ҫȵ
ﰡ˵ѡ·ѡ·Ҷ˵
һΣ˵⻰ʱƺе㰧ζʱûҶ¶ǿǴš
Ҫѡѵģ͵ҽȥ֮ѡҶҡҡͷȻǸ·
Ҷ˵˻·֮Ǹͷââˮһ·֮ȥȻı鲼š
ţЩâԽԽʢĵĿʼתͺسһйɵת


507 ··3
ǡ
ҶʲôرˣͬʱҶҲо΢΢𶯣ǴŻصĴ𸽽𶯵ԭ
ΪʲôͲҵģҶ˺˵
кôҿ϶ǶԵ𣿡Ҷ˺ܲػصԣһӡ
ǴģͲһ𣿡仰еͿҶ˾͸Ժˡ
㶼ˣΪʲôҪģûɣҶ˿ֵʵ
ǣҵǻˣȻôô̬飬Ҿһ̬Ҿϲ£Ҫ·ᰴסǸ·
вҶ˴
вҩ𣿡ػص
Ҫ٣
ж٣
Ҫ٣Ҿж٣
ж٣ҾҪ٣
Իôô졭

Ҷ˻û˵ʱǱ߳ˣһУҶῴȥʱ򣬷Ѿʧˡ
ͬʱڵǸλóһӣԣ·ˡ
£
ҶͬʱǸʱҶֱӷɱȥ붼û룬ֱȥ
ôϲΪҪû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼʲô֪Ȼȥ
ʵᲢ֪Ҷֱȥԭ򲢲ǽ£ҪΪϵס
ʱҲһ벻Ϊ˵ʱЩմĻһᱻһĻס
ᾹȻҲҶ֮ȥҲһ֪һ壬ȥ
˲ˣֲ·ߣֻҪţͻͬʱҶˣ˭
ĸ׶ɱˣôں˵
һֻò˼ͣȻǱ̬һֲ˼ľ磬ԼԲں
˹ӡ
µһˮأ޴ĳȫ㶼ɢˣŵһʱ֮ûа취ˮ棬ֻĳȥ
һ̣¾Լúܰܰûȥʲô
һ̣ԼͻȥҲ֪ΪʲôҶ˻ʵûʧҶԼӽԼ
£û°ɣҶЩŵʵ
û£ҡҡͷЦŻش
ʲôҶʱ򣬿һӰ׹ˮУ˲˵ᡣ
ϲܵ𣿡ῴҶˣٿҶ˻е£˵
ϡҲǾȵؿᡣ
ˣȻҲûа취ˣʲô·˵Ҷ˿ϷѾرյġڡֻ·
ûгڣ
ˮǣ
ҶóһۣѾһңˮһС֮й롣
СȻǲˣһֶֻȥ
Ȼ·ᣬ˰ɣ·ѡġҶ˵˵΢΢ü顣
ϲ·ǿһѡĻһѡ·˵
Ȼ̬ϲԼȥΪʲôҪ۱ˣҶ˽ӻ
һǶû˼Ų˼ỹġ
㣡ҶóһľͰתˮ֮ϣľͷң棬ĻٿԶһʱ䡣
һˣʱ
Դ˺ֱӵ˵ʲô˼ֻܶһᣬʱǻ
棡Ҷν˵˵ȷǲؽҪġ
ңҶϣƽܻһ㣡
ߣ棡ߵûпҶˣƺ
ãҶ˵
ţˮλߣûҶ컨ֱȫûųȥǸʱؿҶˣˮС
ҶľͰ֮Уֿʼſ
˹ӣĲܻ𣿡ʵҲֻʣϾҲֻǶһѡ
ʲôҪȥûҶ䵭˵
ҲףΪʲôҪ֪ǾһбҪð𣿡¶Դ˲⣬ͬʱҶ˵Ҳһ㺡
Ȼ֪ǾһֿˣôܲҶ˸еж
Ҳ֪ӲģһЩ̬ҲҶҡҡͷ˵


508 ˮ֮ǣ1
˹ӡҡ¿ҶˣҪ˵Щʲô
ʲô˵ҪмңͰ׽ҿҶ˵
㻹ܽӳ죬ҴӦ㣬ҽ㡭΢΢졣
µ뷨֮У׾ǵڼ޸ҶˣҶν裬ǴĽ裡
ˣĺãһΣ

²ҶôͻȻ˵ܿˣԭҶǿᣬѾʼѾ˼޵ᡣ
ӣǺܺˣȻҶ˶ҲǺޣǿԲԼǰиеҪȥ
ҵȷһˣ
ҶһȻȥǰܿͽ֮еᱧס
ǸʱῴҶ˵ʱ򣬷ø˵Ļһ󺰣ҲҪңͿǰ
һʱ̣ûκεĶ
µŵеΪһʮֲ˼飡
ˮ֮УҶ죬Ƭһ𡭡
һ̣ضתһӾըˣһ̷飬ȫûκε˼
һ̣ñڸооǱˮУ촽
˵һͣǸöá
һźš
Ҷʲô
ֻȷ飬һ֮󣬾׼ɸѾȱᣬȥ֮󣬾ֱͷס졣
˵һξΪ˹ǽǡ
֪Լһô䶯飬ˮе֪Ļյ۹Ҫ䶯
Ȼǲܱ֪ģڳ˭ûа˵ȥ

Ҷ˽ľͰ֮£ʼڴڵĺţոյûע⵽ϵŮڷΪոյǸ
ᱻҶ֮һᣬȻŷӦָ״̬˵ʲô㲻һ𣿡
ı¾ƺոյûзһ
ĳã̬˰ɣҶ˻ص
ʲôãǻһҪᵭ˵
˭˵ҪģҶֵ˵
ѵ㻹а취ɻؿҶˡ
ǹģдžһǾͱʾһֻҪŹȥ·ͻ֣Ҷֱ˵ܲмؿһۣһ۷·ڸһ
űдžһһ˼ˣвУᷴ
Ͳ֪ˣ칤Խһر壬һѣдʲôʲô····һǾһһҶ˵֮һ䡪
ҺҲѣ
Ź֣ͬʱӵ
ʱ˿̣ѾˣԭľΪԼ·ֱҶ˵ľͺˣһƽ̹Ŀׯ
İҶһʵͽӣŮˡ

ڵһᣬҶ˵ģʼˣһŴһͨǰˮһӾͳͨ˳ȥ
Ҷ˱Ūòվס
һҶ˽ľͰָͨ˵
ҡˮ֮󣬾ͻӦĻأͨԭҾͱɲˣ
߰ɣҶ˽±Ȼ˵ھոյ֮ȫˡ
ʱ²֪ô˵źãϣԼһ㣬ٲһ׸ҪҶ˻չ
ϣȥϣҶ˾չԼԼ·
һŮӣʵҲһҸ顭
ῴ˿£ƺҲ־򣬲мȥ飬ΪһСˣ
խͨ˾ͿһȽϿտͨ˵֮ǰǸֻһ˲УͿ˲С
֮ͨУĵźɫʯ壬ʯ忴ô򵥵ġ
ᣬ߹ȥҶͣűϵ˵
Ϊлصģҹȥġû˵
ȥԻأһµĻô֪ص͡Ҷ˵
ʱҪҶӳȥԼȥԻأסˡ
Լ취˵
ǵģո˭˵ԼţˡҶ˴˵ҡͷ



509 ˮ֮ǣ2
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ͲȥôȥˣΪһ򣬵ϵɫذʵǴһ֡
ЩγһضĹϵŹͼȽƣŹͼȫһġ
ŹͼһֹԽͷԽƽ⣬㻹һ㣬оŲ㣬ѶȺܴܴ
ѣҵϴʲô־Ϳԡ֮󣬺ɵ˵
Ҷ˱ҪԼԽ벻ᾹȻëԼ
Ҷ˾ֱӱ֣֮󣬾ȥֱӹȥˣͨͷԭرŵʯѾ򿪡
̬Ǳ̬ӣҪСʱһ־ڴ˵ģ
Ҷ˿ᣬλãʵҲżȻģѡ
֮󣬵ϵɫͻָѾʧˣҶ˾ͱ߹ȥһ
ᡭҶ˷
ߣ˵Ҫȥ̽ӡüҶûʲôԼ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûУֻСһ㣬Ƕж
ῴԼ֣Ѿʼڣֻһ飬ץסҶ˵֡
ᴫҵģҶܣóˡ
˭㲻ңһ
𶯲˵һؾǽźܶϣֻҪֶҩĽҩУҶ˵
Ҳᣬ򵥣ⶾҩĳɷʲô˵
Ҷ˳Ĭ
ŮôʲôᣬҲһһӹ֡
֮ǰǿѧǿҩѵ󣬻ģ
ҶûļضйصģⶼǷǳѣһʿ޷ƽģǻʼʿˣҲһƽ⡣
ᾹȻһ·ɱȥȫûѶȣҶ˸еʮֵ⣬ڿԿ϶ҪԶЩʼʿ
˭û˵صúܻļܣԼĹǵˡ
ʵҶ˲֪ߵҲ֪£Сѧϰ൱ߵ裬˵ûҶ˵ĻӦûǿš
췴ʱʹõĶҩҲԼģǸħҲԼƵģЩ˶ġ
Щȴû֪ģΪĳ֡
˵ߵȺʿ֪ôǿǵͽȥѼ
һأѡ⣬ţѡһͨ
ʲôûʾôѡῴǰţ֪ôߣǰĶʾʲôûУѡһȥ
ǾѡһȥҶ˲˵
Ҫһѡأü
ᣬһҶ˱£ֱӴǵȥ룬ûȥֹҶˣҲǵš
ǻȻʣһ𺳵ĵ³гǰ칤Խĵż
˭뵽Ⱥɽ֮Уɽ֮£Ȼ˺ΰż칤Խǻ۽ᾧżĳ֣˴ʲôӰ죬ڿ޷Ԥơ
ӰһС
Ҳ˵һ飬ҶѾɹˣ
ô֪ߣҪʲôʵ
ĴʵֻһúýһΣҪϵ̽Ҫϵ֤ԣǰ·һҪȥ֤̽㲻ȥԶֻͣ·ǰ棬ˣߴˣ֪ӦҪһ·Ҷ˵˵
ˣͷѾ׸ոǸѡ壬ҶѾ˵úס
к˼ԵĻҪһʱ䡣Ҷ˿Ϲżһп
ϹżŲٵĶҶ˵İǺܴ󣬲ҶȴϾյ۹ĵ̣Ժ󽫻Ϊʿоص㡣
ϲţģ˵
ҲҪͿԣżǺټģһҪúõıƻκζҶ˵
⻹˵ôõĶұأЦ˵ܿģż֮ͲҶ˵ˡ
Ķ͹۹оܾˣȻĶûпͣķɿͧһܺõо
Ϲʱڣ칤Խ彫ӵ£ԷյķɿͧǱˮеǱˮͧ½Ͽ񱼵ħսס


510 ˮ֮ǣ3
Ϊԭ칤Խ屻Ϲˣǵ豸ֹҵ칤Խû˴У
żĳ֣֣ƶʱķչ
ֻϣһ£ҪΪսԴͷ
Ҷ˿żɵøп⻰Ҳ˵ģϣʵĽһ£Ҫ½ս
ĺˣҲ֪ܲʹãˣϹʱڵĲȡ֮ģڣһɿͧҪٵҶ˲һҶܼӴῼǳɱʵۣҪǳɱ
˵ҲǣмҲһĳô࣬ǸᣬзɿͧܲһܣҿԸǮҶ˿˵
˵Ǹ̫ˣǸǶ֪ˡҡͷ
ӦҲ֪㽫һֱգҶЦ˵ʵ۹Ȼҿ࡭

ˣȥˣᣬڲҪңǷֿУҶ˵Ҫ˦ĵоżҪ֮ǰõĶŪ
ҾҪһ˦ңȻһ鹷ƤҩһҶ˵ϣ˦Ҳ˦
Ҷ˾ͿʼżĶõµڲɫ֮½еģûܿóо
֮ļ죬Ҷһֱ棬ȻѾ֪ͨˣ˵ԼϢһʱ䣬ΧԵ飬ʱǳ
Ϊ󷨵ԭ򣬸޷Ȼ֪ҶڸʲôҲûκεİ취ֻȡ
ѪȴѾҶ˵ߣҶڵһͳ˯ʱӳȥѪ
ʱѪǧ겻ѪӣҲ¶֮⣬żʵ̫ˣ
Ѫ֮ҶҲ˺ܶ࣬Ѫæڵż֮ԼĶҶ˶Ҫһ¡
ΪҶ˵õ͸ˣѧõҲˣһж͵͵֮нУûб·֡
͵͵ҶҲڶ̶̵ʮڣżоú͸Щ˾оʮ꣬ҲоĶȴѾˡ
ò˵һ£Ҷһ񲻿۵ţ
ʵϣҶԼҲżģ˵ҪһЩʵһ㣡
ҶȥɻڣʵҲǿģֻҪϼʱ䣬Ҷ˹ŪȻҪʽ
Ȼˣⶫ֪ʶһ֪ʶȻлҶ˾ЩЩ֪ʶԼø
ʱ˿̣ҶҪľǷɿͧ˶ŷеģѾȫаֻʱȴҪܶ࣬Ҷ⡣
ڵҶʱ䲢࣬ŷɿͧĻȥһطͻ䶯Ҷ˾Լô͵ˣе㲻ʡ
ˣƻͱҶ˸ǳˣ
ʮﲢûȥѧϰǼ򵥵ĸҶˣߣµ壬Ѿ⣬ҩ£»ָʵҲͲҪҶ˱ˡ
ԴˣҶǿĵҪĵȥף
ϰգˡ
¾úߣҶˣ㵽ǲ׷ңҶ˵ĻشȻǿ϶ģȴ˵ġ
ʮҶ뿪żΧԻҲβҶῴûκϣõǰλǰһŲϡ
˵ѾȫҪˣǵõҪõĶң֮ǰ־ڴˣ
ȻǼ˵ĵҪĻʹѾʮ첻ˣʹлкܶ
ټˣᣬҲģҶ˶ĵ𣬶һҪ˼֮õĵ
俴һҶˣȻ׼ϳˣûҶ˵Ϊ֪ܿԼͻټҶˣֻҪҶ˻׷£Ǿһ벻ջʳǡ
ˣʮڻʳǵĻǾμҵᣡῴҶˣ롣
ҡȥҶһһ˵
شѾ֪΢΢Цʱ»μӣһ𣿡
ǵʱ˵ҲǸʱѾˣҶֻε˵׷£Ӧûһμӡ
ǵʱҶѾõףĻͻʹ˵ݰݣ
ֻʮ죬²֪᲻Ӧеѣ˭Ҳҿ϶Լܿ϶
ǿһ㣬ԱҶμԼᣬΪʲôĿģ˭Ҳ֪
̶ֻѨҶûõ֮ǰҲȥ
ǰûа¶
ô˵Ҷε֮Ѿջ񣬵żУ飬ǿԴӳ飡


511 ᣨ1
ʲôμ᣿㲻ȥԲȥŵȵصڷ֮У֮пԿóܽš
ͬʱŵ˵ͬһʱ̣վҶˡ
Ҷ˻ȥʱڻص¥֮ŵȾķĳ֣ҶΪʲôʧ٣İȫûЧ
ȻˣǲżŹҶʧȥϢ£ļҪȥѪߣȴҲѪʲôطֻΰȥעϢ
֮Ҷٴγ֣һ֣㲻ˣðűֵΣգҶ˵ķȴҶ˵Ļ
ȴҶ˵ʱҲڰû˷֣˲ҶˣҲǲ֡
Ȼûбκ˷֣Щ֮еˣ
Ҷ˵龭ʱѾüͷΪʲôҶһףôҶ˵̬ȹֵֹġ
Ȼ˵Ҷû˵֣ѪȴѾ˵ָ⡣
ŵȻûü˵Ҷ˾ȻӦϯᣬ̷ֹ֮
ĿĶôܳϯᣬɲģŮ˿һ̬
֮ǰĻ˵ϾҰ⣬Ტܳƿؾ棬ǽʹĻǾ͵ǽָɽ
ᣬȻڻʹ֮УǰٷְٿԿ϶飡
ҲòȥҪȥĻһҪȥһ£а취ʮ¸㶨Ҷ˲ô˵˵һԼ޹ص顣
ƺûаϣʹ֮Уƿ֮УҲûʲô˵ġ
Ϊûԣ
ʮ㶨£еѣҲûа취ģҺú롭ŵ˼
Ѫڴʱ˵ŵС㣬ʮ취ǾͿԳˣȻʹ鷳ˣҾûȥˣ
֪ŵȵȻ飬Ѫٴı£Ҳʹ֮У׼ȷ˵ǲܸҶء
ʱҶͻȻѪ˵ҪҽʹҲûа취ģֻҪĸװ˵ҵŮͿԡҵݣиŮʱҾ˵֮ǰеû߾ˡ
ţȻûаãߣѪͷûȥ飬ֻôҶ˵ߡ
취ǲԣ˵ĻͲˣֻһ˽룬ʱѪͷӲãҿܻᱩ¶ѪĴڣãŵüǺͬҶ취
ŵǵģҪԸҶ˵ĻѪĻһᱻߣþ͵ޣͬʱᷢӵľ衣
˵ûжԸҶ˵˼ѪҶҲǶģκεá
Ҳ˵ѪûڰԳΪһ
һ㣬ҶѪ嶼ûǶЩУҪ飬ĿǰŵȾҶ˵ҡ
ǾһȥԸңҲа취ߣϣǿ˺ܶ࣬ҵȴ࡭Ҷ˵仰֮Ҳеǫ顣
Ҷ˵ˣǲ࣬Ǽϡ٣ضĻض֮£û˿ġ
ضĻҲҶһӶ
˵̫ˣŮ˲򵥣һѾݣֻΪûаٷְٰץס㣬ûнҴݣŵȿҶˣ࣬Ҷ˵ĲһĶԱȡ
ɣôܿҺֲ죬ڵҾˣҲһϳοһˣҶҡҡͷ鲻ܡ
˵ȷܣһˡŵȻе㻳飬ȻĻָôͣһŮʣôİô׽㲻мкܴ𣿡
⡭Ҷ˳ĬһᣬȻ˵һʯ쾪ɣΪҳ˧ɣ
ŵѪʱ
Ҫ˵һ飿ŵֵЦţЦʲôԶ²š
ȥȥŲ˼Ҷһ仰͸еȫ䣬ҪǱῴˣǼֱܡ
ʲô˼أŵʵ
ҵ˼ǣܷգô˧òˣҶ˵ͷڳһΪ˧ӡ
ŵѪٴγĬ


512 ᣨ2
˺ˣ˧ŵ˵ϳҲӦһ𡭡ǵжԵֲ£ҲԸ㲻ף
һԺĵطϳҶˣϲΪ֣ǲӦóֵġ
Ҷ˵Ǿ仰ܽͣǾͻȻգģôǵжԵģһҪصֵжԹϵ
ֻǣ飬˵ܻᷢ
ֻԼûŪôһ£ֻеԼº𰸡
ŵҲ⣬˭Ҳ벻ͨģҶ˵ĿǰҪĻǸ㶨µ飬컹Ǽһȥ³ͣȥԵĻԼЩ飡Ȼ˵֮ĹϵѾ׽ˣҪǿץʱ䣬ʮס
ֻҪʮ㶨飬Ųʲôıϳŵ˵Ҷ˶һģ㶨£ǾͲù顣
֪ںͦģҪҶе㷢˵
ͷóóȻȻȥ⣬ĿĲŹ֣ŵû˵
ʲôģ֮ǰʹˣ˵ֻҪǽ飬Ͱ׸ңҶ˴˵
ǽ顭ô̸ʲô̬ȣŵȶ鲢֪Ҷ˲ûиΪ²Ҫ
ŵʱ򣬱ƺеţҲ֪ǽĽչǽҶ½顣
û޳ɣҲûзԡҶ˵µ̬
Ůĺ룬Ͳ׿οҶԺġ
ûԾУֻҪûԣǾͳɹ˴룡ӦǺߣҪȥףŵ˵ƺֱӣֻҪȷͿҶ˿ףֻҪһ£׾Ҷ˵ˡ
֮Ҷ˾ͻܶ˵Ҫˣлл
ȻǣҶʧջʳǣµ˽ҲҶ˵ĴڣͬʱҲ֪ҶһƭӣΪ׶
ȻܷܲҶ˵ݣǾһδ֪ˡ
ף⻹ˣֻĸ飬Ǹ棬ƺ̫ˣҶҡҡͷ˵
Ҷ˺һ֮ŵȲŵͷ˵Ҳǣ
һε飬Ѿ£ڵճҪ̸ۼ޵ĻǾͺճˡ
ô˵ȥһͣɲܸģȻĻỳĿģŵ˵ȻҶ˵Ӧ֮£ε뿪ˡ
ڶϣҶһγС̯֮ϣһ²ûг֣ҶѪ嶼е֣ԴҲûж롣
ܻиıϰߵʱ̣ΪֲͬԭıԼϰߣʱһʱģʱһӵġ
Ҷ˲ûΪµûıʲôһŻܿҲյ˹ûϢ
ŵû֮󣬱һʱȥ̽Ϣŷ֣ԭûңƺΪҵһۻᡣ
ڹ˵оۻᣬǰҶҲǾڼоٰһᣬͬ顣
һҵľۻ֮ǰٱ֮⣬ǻҪһ¹һЩˡ
ҪôȥףأҪʲôʲô˸ʲôλãȵЩЩˣ
ûʲôϵÿҾۻʱֻǳϯһ¶棬ǰ׼ǲμӵģһβ֪ΪʲôȻ档
飬ŵûа취ֻԼԼµҶ˺йϵǲǻҪһϢܿ϶
Ȼ⣬ŵȾҶ˲ҪʣûйϵҶȻҲȥЩ
֮Ҷȥгȥƽʱȥĵطû£ʮȥһ죡
Ψһһ죬ż춼ˣ¸ûг֣Ҷôʮ㶨õİ취Ҳûа취ʵ֡
ʮ֮еĵ죬ҶѾûм£ŵȸеЩһҪйȴ޷йһ㣡
Ҷ˻һɵӣŵȥҧһڣûһȥΪҲ֪鼱ҲǼġ
飬ʵڵȣ
ܿ죬ȴͻ
ʣ˹𣿡һҵ¥С֮˴˹ΪҵˣҪһˣǲܵϰ


513 ᣨ3
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ʲôطȥΪⱼǾ͸赲ҵˡ
˵Ҷ֪Ҷ˭ĻܾͲ뿪ҪҲã
ڵҶˣȻеøУҲΪҶ˷׬ǮĻᣬ֮ǰҶ˷ųĿƣôץһ̻صⷽ档
ʲô飿Ҷ֮󣬱ʵʱҵѾǰ
СϣܳϵᣡһݸҶˣҺؿҶһᡣ
ںҶһʲôˣȻǼС㷢飬ǼСǴûҲû
ѵ˵Сϲ깫ӣƺе㲻ܰɣСϲͣȻúꡣ
ֻǣ˾һ˵ζСľˣϲôûζġ
ƺܣţһӣСΪԭ򣬲ϲ
ûʱ䣡أҶֱ˵ԣû·ģΪĹС㣬⼸Ҳչٵ롣
Ҷڵϸ˹ıټϵĿ¼Ҳһ㣬Ȼ㲢ǺĿҲ벻ϡ
⡭һ㶣û뵽Ҷ˾Ȼܾµ룬̫ˡ
˵Ҫ֪Ҷ˵Ǳ˵Ļı͸Ӻÿˣ
ңҪ﷢һᣡҶ˿գ˵
˹ӣҰˣʱĻ͹ȥûʱҲûҼСǺ˵ģϧᣡ˶Ҷ˵
Ŷ֪ˣ鷳תСл⡭Ҷ˵Ȼıƺû顣
˵Ĳ²⣬Ҷ˿ȥԣҶ˸ľĸо
ʵϣҶҲûȥע飬һֱڷ˵֮ѪȥĻܾʹλᡣ
ʲôµ룿ոǸô£ô˵һ£ҲһʹᣡҶѪ֮󣬾˵˼ƺڹֱû˵
Ȼû˵ҲһûʡѪһ˵ָҶԼĴ
⻹ҪҰҶ룬ƺԼȷôһ⡣
㣬ѵ𣿡Ѫ
ңҶ˺ʵе
ȻˣӦ׼׼ȥҪ£Ѫһ˵
ţҶһȭͷӦ

ҹһ˵ҹյȻ£ȴԲûеظУҹ֮еĵ㷱һĻ档
ֻǣȥҹյȴǺ֮ܶ࣬мûУҶæŽʣûй̧ͷȥҹա
Ҳ˶ûпԺ֮еһλСڿţֻ֮ϣӣ˫һɫͫҹա
ģģ·ֻ֮һһ㣡
С㣬ôþˣһг𣬰ųֵһȽϲгˣ˴ϿŻƤޡ
ţڿ˵ʱ򣬾;
С㲻˵Ҳ֪ǽҶ˵Ůǡ£
󲿷־һôϲӦ֮꣬һ㶼Զ룬ûа취
ҵ̫үԪ˧һ֮ҲǲϯӦ꣬ҪӦȴһֱڣҲݵΣһֺ׵ĸоǾǡ
ڽɼ
ڵһˣûˣֻǵػӦ
ˣ˭˺ɻʵ˻϶Ѿˣڵ˭أ
Уµȵʲôˣµ˽⣬ô붼벻˭ȵġ
㲻Ҫ֪µ˵ҹգ㵽ڸʲôΪʲôôûг֣ᶼѾʼˡ
˳ĬɫеѿĴܸо˼һˣܿڵȵˡ
ı飬ڵȵˣпһˣ
˼һˣ˵ãⲻǰ˵Լˣ
ҵҪ˭ȻҵŮˣ
кݺݵûн뷨ֳΪ¿ɲͨˣҪЩ߰뷨һµķУܻᱻ¸ϳҡ
ô˵Ҷڻû֮ǰѾΪ˵Ľ㣬ǳӵĽ㣡


514 С1
£ʲô˶ˣ㻹ڲ֮ͳеⲢϵ£ûʱ䣬ոЩСĵò֪ôģǺǿ׺µġ
Ȼ֮ǰ˺ܴĳͷҲ˺صƤ֮ˣʮħҽѾڼǰȬˣֿʼQˡ
Ȼ˵ǺܺãһڽȦ֮еĵλΪүλûб仯Ǻܻʳǹ延ӭˣЩͬĹС㡣
һ£ڵҵĿˣҵĿ˻ûе»Ӧ
Ŀˣ˷ˣܺʵûмԼ÷ˡ
˵СҲм֮ģҲǺƺûйۣмȽҪõģӪ֮󣬾ͽԶˡ
šµͷ
еŮģʹһ䣬Ǵû⣬˸оһ
µҪƺǺܲܵģеĻҵ˷ܸˡ
Ȼˣ˵Ľҵˣ˾ͲһУ׷µˣɻзڲѣ޷ƽ
ǸޣӦ˵ǿ޵ģƤޣ¹¹ڿ£š
ҪеģҪеģ

еģػص
䡫
¹ըˣŲô޵ʼú޺ޡ
ŶˣͷȻͽȥˣҪ׻رϢ֪Ϣ֮ĸҲ½ˡ
һεĹۻȻĺܶ࣬ǺҪһҲҪĿǰҪĻµҸ
Ǹ˭أ
Ҫ֪ҲҪ֪֪Ϣ˶Ҫ֪
ĸô˼ӴĶأ
ڴһӦʱ򣬶ῴ棬ſڽˣҪһʱ俴Ҫȵˡ
ͬʱǵУ뷨Ҳ̫ʶˣôôûг֣
𣿻ûյҵʱһȥ֮Ҳʼе˼
˼ʱ̣Ҷ˵ǳˣһ˵Ĵ֮£µ߷Χ
ڿҹյ̾͸оҶ˵ϢԺӵſڣ
ôôһҶ˵ǰǰһͬʱҲеһ
µı˿ҪܽţϵɲһŮϵƺҪԼĻҪټһ
°һΪҪϮҡҶؿڣ仰ǿЦģոѪһжˡ
˭Ϯ㣬ģ¿Ҷ˵ңôô
ʲôʱʼģһΪñȽˡҶ˴ʵ
ƺ뵽⣬֮ϺдʱˣֻдŽʱûע
ڶѾ˵ˣû𣿡û˵ûдʱ䣬ڵʱҲ̫ˡ
ţҶ˵ͷʾ硣
Ҳ̫ɴˡ
ʵ²֪Ҷ˲ľú磬ֻǲ˵ԼΪһЩ鵢ˣȻҪܶࡣ
ʲô£
Ϊһֱûзµģֱ׼Ͳʱ򣬱ֿѪˡ
£ܸ𣿺ǲܵġ
£Ҫȵ𣿡һֱڱϵȴŵʵ
ǵġµͷһòǱϵò
ʲôطֵȵģΪò𣿺壬ȷǽ⣬ǿǷ˿Ҷˣ䳰ȷ
еʼɣǶʼ¶Ҷ˵̬ȣͬʱҶڿΡ
޹أĮҶ˾뿪ˣȻСŴ֣󴦣Ҳú΢
˵֮ǰŵһζĻھǴ˴̳ӣȻҲԷûʸԴ׵
˶Ҷˣ˫֮еּ֮еðĸоҪҪ쭣ֻҲһйĵط
Ҷ˸ոʲôûµ֣Լģ˵ʲôأѵ˵²
Ϊһ׷˵ǺܲǵΪ¹ޣͨˣȻĻҲͲƤޡ

Ҷ˽ʱעſڵǣѾŴͣԴ˱ʾʮֵľȡ


515 С2
ʲôˣ֮УʳǶ֪ڳЩ壬Ǹ֪ôһŮǰ;Ů
ΪҵС㣬ҲΪҵĴ֮ףҪĻΪھеĳɼûǿıǰ;
ŮôһδģȻͻΪ˵Ľ㣬Ҫ׷ģҪϱĵȵȣҪΪһ˵ˣǷǳǳĶࡣ
£˾ͷ²κ˽Ӵٺõˣûͬ⣬ûнܣ
ܶ˻ûзְ취ȥӽ£Ҫ²µķģֻǽȴʧܶ顣
Ҳ˲ٹ£Щ֮Ҳвŵ¼Ϊǲ෹̸顣
ϣҶѾһ£ǾҪһѺѵ飡
ֻǣȴ֣ƺбµļȻһֽ
ۣ˧ЩС㿴Ҷ˵ʱ۶ʼ⣬ֻյɡ
ȻΪ壬Ҳֻܿ񣬱Ͼݵ飬ͬʱҲ֪ûյӿҶˣҶ˾ͻῴԼ
֪֪һЩ˼գɼҶڵӶôɱ
ѵ˵Ҳϲˣ
ڿҶ˵ʱ򣬴ҲҶʲôʵĵطΨһԿ۵ľϻڳܿʲô
ô˵ڴƺеᣬΪϲ꣬Ƕеڣ֪ЩˣΪ»ϲһġ
ѾˣҲܱȵҶ˵ģ
ҲûоҶ˵ͣΪһҶ˲ôĻǾ֡
Ҳ֮Ĳͬ壬壬Ǵ˵֮е壬Ϊģ֮ȻͲ˾֡
ǲϲ͵ڲܿ϶ȴа˾ųɵļǣΪҶ˳µûжãڳ֪ô̵ʱôĽչǾͱһ£ºܿϲ͡
Ҷ֮䷢飬ûж֪֮⣬û֪ģ˵Щ±֪ĻǾͲҶ˵ˣҲΪ
һӶ֪Ҷ˶ûнκˣ֮ܣҲǣʥ֮ӵ͸Ӳ˵ȥˡ
¶𣿡
˻ûʳڣѾ˴ˣһеӢ˵깫ӣҶ˵֮ǰҲ٣ƺӶء
ǵģѡµͷУ벻Ҫ¶ҵĸĸĳƺ㣡
ǰµһͬϲռƣԼ²һˣǺġ
¶Сº׽˽еģΪȻҲʱ򻹻Ƥ£ΪҲ˵ܶΣȻǽС
ȻҲΪһƺô
ǻһѡµľ棬Ҷµϵ㣬ҲҶ˵֡
¿Է۹⣬˳۹⿴ȥҪ֪ΪʲôԷԼҶ˲һ㣡
һɿҶ˵֣ŷԼ֪֮䣬һܵĶ
˵ģǲ֪ΪѾϰߣԴӱҶ˱չ˹֮Ϊʵͨ
һЩ˵Ļ˵Ѿˣʲôأ
ֻЩû˵£ȴô˿ţһԼĸĸڣͱò˼ˣɿҶ˵֣еߺ죬ͷҲڲ֮һ㡣
˿£ͳе󣬾ˮҲɵġ
ǿʲô¾ȻˣǶôŵĻ氡
ȿȡ¿˼۹ɨһڳˣƺ˵ʲôʲôÿģ
һ̣ƺָ˾Ӧеļʣ
ʱ˾ͱſͣеָ£ȴźķչ˵ǵȴµĻػ
ǵȷһѣµȻڻ˼ʲô⡣
һѣʲôԴˣ׷µ˶Ҫʣʳ仰˱֮ǰǸ¹ޡ
ǡҪ˵߾˵ˣⲢ˵ʵ벻ô˵


516 С3
ʱҶ˷ˣܵ˵ǲһѣѵҪ˵𣿷µĹϵǿˣ
𰸹ƺ˻ĳҾҲ˵ڳҫ
ҫԼµĹϵȻڳҪ׷µˡ
㡭вˬҪ˵ʱʾˡ
ţ˵ûµͷҶ˵ҲӵİҶȥЩˣͬʱҲҶ˳

һγĬΪǶҪһµ̬ȣǷлҶ˵˼Ҷ˵еˣҲһš
ȻС£̫˵ʲô飬Ҳ˵һ㣬ǵȷһѡ
һѾ˶ʻգ
ߣСʲôʸСߣһߵ
һСôС㣬ǲ֪߳ܣ

һӣµһЩ׷߿ʼںҶˣҶһһ㶵ġ
ҵܰ𣿡Ҷ˴ؿЩˣȻһ˵Ļ
С˵ף˵ǡôͣ˵㿿ȥֺŮˣŮ㡭Ѫ˵
Ŷԭ˵СһΪϵױáҶ˵Ȼ֪С˼ֻһʱûһ㡣
ţһСЩҶ˵Ҳͼ˳˼ȥҶˡ
ʱҪΪҶ磬֪Ҷ˲ˣǵĻҲͲҶô׽ˡ
ǰСֻҪϲˣǲڼʣǲĽǲںޣҶ˺ܲҪ˵ĻȴҲ˴̼İ
ʱЩ˵˾ûˣ
ҪЦҶǹЩ˵ģֳϣҪһʣܾЦȻĻͻ˾ûн
ʵеˣҶ˲ǹˣӦ
˵֪Ҷ˵ݣҲԴ˻ʲô֪Ҷ˲ǹװԺˣôԺ
㡭ʱЩµ׷߶Ѿ˵ֳҪǻǲܵģҪñİ취
˾ͺܴȥµԸҶˣҪԼҪúܶࡣ
֣㲻ߵǸСܲ䲻ãһС̸۵ûȵߡ
䲻ϣֻҪϲͿԣܱϼ޳ȥáν˵ñϵе㷢㶡
ʵǲ֪ҶµѾʼˣʳ˼̻ӣҪһӶԸ޳ȥ
ΪõҸΪԼļ̳Ȩ⣬嶼Ҫ¼޳ȥʲôҲãֻҪܱ¿ˣǾʲôⶼûˡ
һֱڼҵĻпܵõҵļ̳ȨǿɲҪģҲӦԭ
С޴ˣǲҪһӣϵ˵
޳ȥܱȼ޲ȥã⻹ҪЩˣô׷ãȻûһɹһˣҸ㣬ǾԻޡޡҿСӡ޳ʼջû˵ֻ꣬ΪһҶˡ
Ȼ˵Ŀе㲻ҲҪһ£Լδ÷ʲôӵģԼҪ޸һʲôˡ
Ҷ˵ʱ۾Ϳʼ⣬һֳ޵Ĺâ
Ϸ
ڴʱȻΪʲôķӦΪʲô˫֮¶ޣЩҪ֪һԼ顣
ıһʶǸСһһĳޣ
ģ̷һг˹ȥǿҵŭֱӳ嵽Ҷ˵ǰ档
ԭ㣡˵ȻңҪҵá
ͻȻɱ˶ע⵽ҶҶµĻ˶ע⣬˵ףֻС֮顣
ڵһˣոյһŭ𣬺Źµģ깫ӣŲõ飬ӡ
ǣҶ˿壬еɻһʱ֮ûǰ˭
ʱڷ绨ѩ¥飬Ѿ˶ʮ죬ҶѾ浵ԺҪһʱó浵
װɣװʶңĻͿԷЩ˵飡嶢Ҷˣ˫ĿȻðų֮𣬶ΪҶװʶԼ
ڵҶװʶõģΪĽڷ绨ѩ¥ʲôӰ쵽¶̬ȡ


517 ù飨1
Ůˣ˭ϲֵطأ仹ǿԼһȥֵطǾ͸Ӳܽˡ
ûװҼùأ˵һҶ˵Ļ¶֮ɫ
С֪ʲôмù𣿡ѪεطϢʵ
ù⣬ǲ֪ܣҵܺܶġҶ˻ص
ܣͼùǲһģǱʣݻµġѪе˵
ɣҶ˾ûһ
飬ô˵ҲãҶҲò࣬ȴһαСˣȻôôù顣
Ҳ֣ȻαˣôᵱŴҵ棬˵ԼһЩù飿
񲢲α֮˸˵Ļ
˹ӣˣù鲢ͬܣ¿˵Ҷ˽Ӵʮ죬֪Ҷʱ᷸Ժ
ȻԺӦҶе㲻ϰߣƺû˹Ѿô꣬Ѿͬˣôвϰ֮˵
֪ÿܻһЩù飬ҲνˣҶڻش֮⣬ϸոаù
ͬʱһ㣬Լȷмù飬ڳϵκһżù顣
˶ϵ飬ֻû˻Ҷֱ˵úܶ˸еȡ
ûλСֵ˵úܺãÿ˶кڰһ棬˵κε飬Լĺڰ棬ⲻҪȥʲôҲҪȥ׷ʲôһ¸صѧߴҶ˵һ仰һܴĸ
ţѧߵĻ֮Ҳкܶ˶˼û˸˵Լһù鶼ûУٻػᶼС
Ҳ룬Լùܶ࣬ҲͲȥԼˣˣʶ֮Уһźܶ˱ϵòȻȴ°ܻ
˵Сеù飬ʵҲʲôˣ
ףȵȣ
ιСӣûмùʲô飬Һ˵Ĳ飡ͻȻҪ˵ʲôϵһͱƽȥˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôУ˭ôе죿Ҷеɻؿ塣
Ĭˣ벻Ҷ˾ȻװͣȻ˵Լʶȥ룬Ҷ벻
Ȼ˵ʱķ绨ѩ¥һֵһСҪȥľȥס
Ҷ˵ڻ֪µĸ磬֪Ļǵһ㡣
˹ӣҵĴ磡磬ʲôֱ˵ҪĨǵġ½һ壬ֱ忪żɽһ㡣
ҹĨǣããҾֱһ㣬Сӣ㻹ǵ÷绨ѩ¥𣿡ʵҲôһͷˣʱ绨ѩ¥
˭֪Ϊ绨ѩ¥飬ˣ¿ǽˣ˭ỳɣͻȻܻӴ󴦷˭ҿ϶
ԣʱ򣬻Ǿ绨ѩ¥Ϊ
绨ѩ¥Ҷͬʱɻؿ壬Ȼͬ뷨ȴͬ
룬ΪʲôԼĴͻȻ飬Ҷʲôϵ
Ҷǡ
ŶˣǸռ绨ѩ¥үֲҾ죬ԭʶҶָ壬һȻģ
ǸʱӳȥǲǴҺˬǲǽ߳ȥߵúţضҶˡ
ʲô
仰˵ʱ򣬴Ҳ֪ԭ屻˴ȥǰ꣬Ҳ̫ɺˣǲԩҲͷ
ͬʱЩ׷￪ʼЦˣǾҶѾٻԼΣա
ϲҲãҲСʲôˣ˭ˣһ߳绨ѩ¥
Ȳ˵飬Ϊҵү浱ڱᣬⶼҶӵ飬Ҳȥƽ飬Ҫǲˣǲܵ顣
ԣҶһҲܻӭˣ
ͬʱ绨ѩ¥¼ҲΪҶͱȥģ屻ɱˣҲΪҶˣ˵Ҷ˾͸ӲҵĻӭ
Щĵ˻͵͵ĿһµķӦǴµϿ˾ȣԣȻ֪顣
ţ֪֮һҶ˿ʼԶٻһ㣡
ֻǣǣʱ¾ȻһԶ˼ûУ˵ӦãѵԼĴ𣿡


518 ù飨2
²ûԶҶˣҶ˵ʱЩµ׷߶סˣͬʱҲһе֡
Ҳ˵дĲûдֻڵе㲻ԣҵˣá
ѵ˵Ů
ҾҲܵͷˣⲻˣƾʲôңƾʲôҸϳ绨ѩ¥ǵطֲģ岢ûйµ̬ȣָֻҶȻºš
Ҷ˵ΪҲûдҲ˵Ҷ˹̫ܵˣʲôʸأ
ǲ֪Ҷ˶飬ʵʸܵģֻҪ֪Ҷ˵ݡ
ʱ˶ǿҶˣҪ֪Դһʲô˵ǵ֮УҲԤ˲ٵ˵ûһ˲µҶ˵
·ƽεұ˷ڵ飬㲻øмҡҶ˶幰ֵ

˶ĬˣûзκεھһڵϣĴ˵Ķ֮С
̫˼˰ɣ˵Ҳ̫Ǹ˰ɣȻ岻ҪмҿҪɱһɡ
˭ĸм㣬ʲô˰Ҫ㣬һ㿴ĸм屬ˣָҶ˾ƿڴ
ʱҲûٹ˼Լ󣬾ڳܶȨ󣬶ֹ쭵顣
㲻мңҪңͲˣ㲻֪ڸĲ˵ôԴĿˣҵĴ֮𣿡Ҷ˿˵
Ҳӭ㣬ûĿˣָҶ˵
磬ĿˣҲʲô⣬˵ʱ˵
£㡭̫ˣ糪ҿǹˣСƭˣǺˣʼȥ˷绨ѩ¥ֵطº
µ˵Ҳ㳪ֻһҵĿˣһң֮ܲ˵
֮˵ʱͱСӸƭˣ
Ҷסڣô˵棬ǳֵĳɺͳʱ̲סˣ廹£ú
ǲʶ壬¾ǰˣⶼ׾úĵط
СκʧܣûдٽǵĹϵ˺ܶϰѪڿ֮󣬾;ýʧܣ粻
һ⣬֪µĸ磬ȻҾԲǼҵľۻᣬ˽¸㶨¾ˣҶеͬУý粻
ǺǣôҼЧˣС֪֣ЦŶſ˵Ҫεľ档
ˣȻСӵ֣ǾǼȥҵǺ뿴ȥʱһĹԱ˵ڹְϣʵϣȻûй˼ɵֱ˵Լ뷨
ǰǰȻǼˣҲͦ˼ģʱһЩҲʼ壬ҪҲҪҵЦ
ǧѵõĻᣬôܴĺϷأЩĶһ뷨
ҲΪ̫ˣúܶ˶е㼵ʣҪҵĺ¡
ǽΪŮʱµᣬ黹ȷһ߰ɣüͷһ˿ߣҪֱ߷⼸ˣǲܵ顣
ŮʱµᣬʵǸĸ۵ĶѾˣҲûжˣ֮ǰǴ˵ҪҶ˵ϲġ
ûУǻûʲôŮʱ£һͣǷֿͣ˵
ֿͣ
ţҲ÷ֿͱȽϺãǸʲôЩȽϹȴģõȴصģʵ
ڳܶҪ۵⣬Ƕ˽⣬һֻʵˣõĶҪúܶࡣ
ֻǣϾǻʵۣЩȴصƷ᲻úûӣ
ǰĻǻٻеݣܿϧûйǶûвμӹ
һΣ˵ٱҲͻȻڼǰͻȻģ׼һ¡
Ҷ˵֪ĻһףⳡΪҶ˾ٰģǸеӵ֡
ô˵ᣬóеĴ󳼶ͷԣ֪ôźãʲôǶ֪ôȥ졣
ͣ


519 Ϊϲߣ1
ôͣҪһϲĻǾ鷳ˣ֮󣬾˵
ֻҪЩͲõĶǶ⣡
˭ͲõĶǲ𣿲͵Ļͻֶ̫Ǿˣ˵
ģΪͲֵῴǵĶֻͣһʽѡ
ô֪ȵȣոն˵𣿡˵ʱͻȻ˵ľȻǡҶˣ
û˵Ҷ˵ͷ˵
֪ʲôҪ˵ǲ֪νе˵Ҷ˵ЩǱ˵ĻƫƫҶˣе
Ҳ˵ҶˣΪҶʲôˣһոʳǲõοͣϲʲôôܻ֪
֪ҶΧԵʱǺһģ֪ĻῼҶ˵Ļֻûж֪˭𣬶ҲյҲûκ֪
ðɣҲ˵ˣҶ˾ú޹ԼǺѣŮ˻ں˸𣿲ᣬ˿⡣
ԣ˾ҪǮЧҲ˻㹦Ū㹤Ʒһһж
˵ڳҶ˵ĻǾͲжٵʧĽǣڳܶ˻ؽȥҪֺᣬǿûпֱսⷿ
úõϢˣǴкڣԼΪʲôҶ˵
û£ոյ黹ûнȥϹ¸һ˵ҶúȴеϲϲҶһĸоϲҶ˸С
ΧԵʮƺѾϲָое㲻԰εĸоȻˣԼûз֡
ֻǺĺѣУոʲô飿ҶеʵƺѾԺ
ûʲô»ص
Сӣ𿿽ã£һвõͼ徯Ҷ˵ͬʱҲ˵
ʱ˵ѾСˣٱԼĸҲΪע⵽ǵҲͲˡ
ףС壬ô֪ұͼȻˣҪҪɵҶ˿壬зϢѪ塣
֪ʲôֻ˵˵˵жѣѪص
һɺϣ̣ôܻῴҶôεĿģԼûз˾͸˵ˡ
ΪʲôǻɱˣΪ˰ϳȥʵھ㣬֮󱻻Ϸ֣϶ᱻնˣü
ĬһᣬȻôҲ뵽ǱֵᷢĻǿ϶ᱻɱ
֮ǰɱˣ
˵Ĳ֪֪ȥ绨ѩ¥ȥʲôȥǵطмˣ弱˵˵ʱƺҲԼҲˡ
ڴʱҲһ˻ڹעҶߣĻ֮󣬾ͲаЦѡ
ȷûǺˣǼ֮Уһ㣬ҿһ档Ҷ˿嵭˵
ꡭµ˶ЦˣЦҶ̫޳ˡ
޳ܣֱӲߵıԼĸ롣
޳ݣҵݲҪ̫ˣ㿴Ҷ¶ǽݡ
йעҶߵˣһᣬҶ⻰˼˺ðǲҶ˵˼

С̫˼ˣ˵С
һСɵϣɵĺܿɰѪҶ˵
Ҷʱ򣬺ܲѪΪʲôͻȻôһ䣬һЩʣѪûлӦҲͲ֮ˡ
ߣ˵Լ˵ȥ绨ѩ¥ĿʲôֱʵѾپЩ޹ص飬ֻԼᱻ
ĿǡȻƣҶ˵ԼĿ𣿺ǲܵģֻᱩ¶ݣȥ绨ѩ¥޷Ǽ£ľеСȺȻơ
ԼҲˣȥȻƵģ£ÿɿ𣿡ƺ˷ܣҵҶ˵Ļ
Ȼʲôģ˳ȥȺȻƣôɿˣºܲػص仰˶סˡ
ѵ˵ĻäĿ𣿾ȻȻ飬Բں
ںֻûע⵽ѣںѾҶ˵һЩСҶƤ֮࣬ȴֲҷ


520 Ϊϲߣ2
ɲǺȻƣһŮˣ˵ǸŮˣ£ȻҵãҲʵʵ˵СŮ˲ЩҪǿ˵
ʵСȷص㣬һɶõŮȻҪҶϲĸ϶С㡣
Ȼ׷Ŀ꣬ǼٵģСȴһǵĹϵʵģȻʦͽϵ
һ˵СҶߵʱҲˣ£˵֪ٺ٣
أµʵĻ֮ƺеɱ
ƺǸоµɱú˷ܣⲻ˵һ㣬Ѿʼˣ
֪˵СŮ˱ˣ֪ȥһʲôط䡭Ȼ󡭡ҾͲ˵ˣǶ˵ʱıѾ˵Ҫ˵ʲô
˹ӣȥˣ¼õš
ȥ˰Ҷ˻شСѪˣʵʵ˵ûƭµ˼
ȥˣ
⻰Ĳ£壬ʮһ㣬Ҷ˾ȻСȥˣУСһɶõС
ţѾص˵ߡҶ˻ش
ô㲻ҪĻ͸ңΪʲôߣְ˸ˣʲô˼ָҶŭǸʱҶˣӲǴԼС㣬ӾһӻˣͬʱҲˡ
ʲô˼ǿҸŮһûˣھȻ˵Ҷ˱еˡ
ԭǸ۸СˣܺãҲˡѪа˵
Ҫ֪ѪĴڣ֪СѪĹϵ᲻ʱСأȻǲģֻҪһ˾Ͳᡣ
ѪĳԱ֪۸СµѪʮһǹ¥£ѪгԱۡ
Ҫ˵ҳͻĻѪǲֻѪûбҪ֮£ǲ
Ѫһڰ֯е϶ںڰ֮нУϲڰڰ֮У½֮ϣм˿ӦѪģ
ٺ٣ҲУ
˵Ѫģ͵Ѫµһɱ֣Ϳڱ˺֪֮䣬ɵκεĺۼ
磬˵䣬Ҷˣ˵ע⵽ܶ˶ڹעҪҵЦ
ǿˣ嵽ǰʯͷԼĽţ
ӽҶ˷ǵûбĻûµн͵λ¸ϲҶˣάҶˡ
Ҷ˱Ͼûڷ绨ѩ¥κβʵ飬ĿҲֻܵȥлռԼĵط
Ϊ¥ⱾǺܹʵ飬Ҷ˱øӹˣյ޵ݡ
ҶŽ˾ȳӵĽɫ˶ϲĽɫŮͬķĵ֡
㡭ǡСӣƣѾûа취ٸҶʲôѹִ򲻹ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣǾֻܷݻȻһ޺޵ȥ
ŶǾƣСһ㣬ˤˣҶ˵˵ĻһҶˣҪ˵ΪʱˡĻʵֵġ
ˤӣ㵱Сҡ廹ںܲˬķҲ֪˭ڵϵ㽶Ƥ˵ĲˣһӾĽų죬ϲС

̵ˣе㷢㶣ܿȥı飬Ѹոյ鵱һɺϣҲֻɺ͡
ܿ죬Ҷ˾һᣬ³ȥԺߡ
Ҳţڻ̸۵ĶᣬûжϵʱֻǸμӶѡ
˹ӣӦʲôã¾Ҷ˼Ȼ˵ĻǾһա
ʲôҪ׸ҾˡҶ˵Ҳǰղˣ֪ϲʲôֻǿԿ϶ʲôνЩۡ
ȥûһ£ҶڲôҰҸϲȹǵĹ˵
µУҶʵǵڴӦһҲ˵ҶҪףҲ͵ںһ
ʲôϵģֻҪԸˣҶɻ˵һʱûµ˼
ѵ벻õҵļ˳𣿡û˵ҪҶˣȴû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼİһ⣬һͨ⡣


521 Ϊϲߣ3
룡Ҷҡҡͷ
µ
Ҫֻĳϣ˵ģҪ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ҫ
֮飬˵ĳǽ飬ǹؼ飬ԼƺеˣӦΪ˵̬ȶıʲô
ŵʱ췹Ǿǲͬ⣬ҲһܣĿʼǡ
ȵȣЩʲôʲô׷Һûе̶ֳȣˣ
ں˼֮úܺܺ죬һ㣬˸о¶ȡ
ôˣôô죬ǲǷˣҶµĶͷеȣ񲢲Ƿգעһ塣
¸оԼˣƺеϲĸо
ǡû𣿴֮ͥ£ɺͳǸ¹ֳˣƺһֱ¡
û𣿡
ǵ鲻ܣ
Ҷͬʱ˵ûи˫˼µʣ¹еǿӲ̬ȡ
Ȼһˣ˵̬ȲǺǿӲ෴еᣬʵҲᣬֻ˶òͬʱ˻ǵģûǿӲ̬ȡ
ȻûǿӲ̬ȣȴҲӦеƣŭĸֻԽ
˹Ӷ԰ɣҪ¹ޱ̼ˣҶһƽҪţ½˵ҪȷǺƽÿ춼ᷢ顣
ûȤҶ˰ڰ֣һӣͬʱҲƺڸˣҪҡ
ȻҶ˵ķӦôҲûȻֱӾܾ½ٷ飬һ˵Ӧйϵ顣
¿ҶˣƺЩʲôһ㡣
ûУС㣬һССô㣡Ҷ˾ܾ֮¹޾ͿʼˣЦ˵֮·Ҫȫµһ㡣
ΪΪˣҲһЩ˳Ҷˣ֮Уһֱġ
½֮ϣ˶ǿ߶ߣҶΪǵУһ߶磬һҲӦ
ľҪԷأҪֳʤҲǲս˾ˣǹŵѵ´Ь
˹ӣΪʲôӦʵƽ˿ʲô˼
ΪʲôҪӦʲôèҪҾҶӦĻҲҲᱻҶ˵
ԭ˼ǿ¹ޡ
С˭ǰèһĺѿ¹ŭеԼˣҶ˸ммڿ
£Ц۾һҶͻȻ˵
һʱ֮仹ҶҪʲôûзӦܿҶǿԼֿʼˡ
µӦҵ˻֪˶סˣǿǴûмСŮ״̬
һΣϲˣ٣мĺøǿԿ϶ġ
С¹ŭһȻγһѴ󽣣һҶˡ
һǿҵĶŭ⣬һúǿЩʶˣҲ֣ʲôʱô
һ˵¹޵ǿһǿһУԼû뵽ԼȻᷢ˴ʱҲûע⵽Ϊǻŭ
һ򵥣
ڳҲһЩ֣а˵ΪҶ˸еͬ飬Ǿһ֮£Ҷ˾㲻ҲһƤ
Ҷʱ򣬺ƽؿһȻһ˵Ķ
£ϡ
Ҷ˺һȻµ󣬺Ҫ±
СǳףȻŮ˵ıŮ˰סҪһˮ
ڴʱĶҶ˷ӣıӣҶ˵Ϊǳ׵İһСһС
ƺûںֻЦЦȻγеĽһ˹ȥý⽫¹޵ĽסҲƺǽ⡣
һĺǾʣڳ˶µһ߶ȣ
ã
ʱõĺȲҵ˾ñӣֻȴƽûյȲʵӰ죬ֻתͷԼҶˡ
ˣûˣ
ҶȻܵ˵ıӣɫ糣ƺһƽ顣


522 Ϊϲߣ4
£ĽԽԽˣԺڵĻҾͲΣˡ
㾹Ȼ˼˵ڣû뵽˿Ժ޳ܵزҪĻѾļβˣ
ллһ죬Ҷ˵Ŀ佱ܡ
鰡äĿ鷢ˣ㾹ȻӦ뿪ûõС
˶Ϊµ̬ȶҡͷǶ±ɱǣ˭֪Ҷ˷ʲô飬ô֪ܲҶǲˡ
ˣô뽣ʥ֮ӶԾΪ˾Լɭ֮಩ˣôˮ±侲Ծˡ
ԭģΪмڶְɣ
²֪Ҷǲ֣ܳһǾͱ¶ݣƽʱʹõоֱ֮е似
ֱ֮е似ûж֪ģ֪ʽʲô⣬ֵ˶ַ֪ȴֻҶ˲ŻᣬֵĻϾͻᱻϳ
Ҷ˳ֵ˿ɲ٣
Ҷ֣ܳѡһúѡǾ³֣Լں֧Ԯ
ţ֧ԮǶ
СѵͻŮ˵𣿡µ¹޳Ҷ˺Խ£Ϊǿ࣬Ļַ
ǰһģҶ˵
أ¹ʵ
ǡΪϲߣ£ҲӭңҲϲϣ÷ټˣټҶ˶˵һ䣬Ȼˡ
ѾûκεˣЩ˾ţʲôչģ˵
ãµͷ

˶벻Ҷ˾Ȼôɴˣ˸еʮֵ⣬˷ӦʱҪ׷ʱѾӰˡ
ߣһС˶ܱӵ˵
£ôһ̫ˣֱһ廨ͷпãܶ˶Χ£ҲոշյĹС㡣
ҶڵȻΪΪȴЩСеʧǿҶϵӢţҶǹܡ
½ЦŻһ䣬еˣҪϢˣλ˼ˣ
ʱͻȻҶǶôĴֳϵȷ̫ˣǺģ
Ҳûа취ֻܲɢȻ˵Ϊ¶ˡ
Ҷ֮󣬻ǼţҼ˺ܾãֱǴȷôӦΪֹ
ˣǵĿģ
ҶҲΪ±һ㣬ջʳǵĹȦ֮дˣй嶼֪ҶһһŮ˺С
Ҷ˵Ѿ﷢ˣԣǸء˹֣
үôĻµλӱ仵ģ㿴⼸ˣһοҪˣ
ŵȶԴ˺ԹҶƻ˼ƻƻ϶Ҫʧܸգǻ˲һʱеģе㲻ġ
⼸һֱûг֣ҲŵȾʧˣ
Ҳʲô仯˾ͱ仯ˣãĹⲻȥҶ˵ƭǲõģ仹ƭ顭
˵ʲô壡
û尡ֻ˵˵ѣĻǼġ

ڸô죬⼸춼֣ѵҪȥ᣿ŵü˵뿴ġ
Ҷ˽ʹϽ̶Ѩһ̫Σˣ
಻ȥ£ʲôϵֲ׷ᣬ˵ҲûӦ˵ҪȥҶν˵
԰ҶˣԲȥģŵԼԴһ£̾ԼôôҪ鶼ˡ
ȻˣҶǿԲȥģļƻǲӰģҲΪҶ˲ȥıʲô
ȻȥĻҲкôٶһ½Ӵֻ̫ΣյĻҶ˾ͻ뷨ŵȵҲ
ǵģǲ֪ôˣҶ˵ȥŪ
֪ˣ⻹˵źܿͻϢˣŵȻӦ
ˣǵ̸неôʲôҪ󣿡ҶʵôģҲν
ոźǲܾģǵҪҲûʲôҪǽˡŵ˵˴Ҷ˵֮⣬кܳʱ̸УյĴ̸С


523 1
ҲΪŵȵ˲ûĻɣһ̸ж飬֮Ҷ˵鱬ˣҲӰ쵽ŵȵˡ
ʵ㻳ôأŵȵ˲ûйɶյΣգվͲʲôǻ˲֮ս
յ۹ǿ۹˲ĻҲҪ˼ΪǺصģ
ˣʲôʽҶʵ֪㲻֪Ҳνġ
һֺƽԼ˫ַƽסŵ˵һϵеԼʲô񲢲Ӱ˫棬ֻ˫ô
ЩԼܹƽû˭Կ˭ģ岿ƺõ˲ٵĺô
ᣬҪʲôͼֻҪһѣ⽻;
ȻˣҲò˵۹⣬ǵһʽ˲˵۹мĺôǱ޷֪ġ
ţǼ̸УһǼ㶨Ǹ£ʵڲеĻҾ÷ǳֶΡҶ˵
ţʵڲУ÷ǳֶΣһҪעⰲȫðգŵ˵ǲҶ˵ֶΣֻǵҶ˵İȫ
֪ˣҲҪע⣬ʲôϢǶҪû·һҪһסˣʲôҶ˵󻹲ص㡣
ţһģŵȵͷܸоһλԼһҶ˻ˣ֮ҶʲôΣգҲὫǱ¶ȥ
ɲһˣʲô鶼óģҲ᲻һнŵȵ˸ɱˡ

ת֮䣬͵죬Ҷһ֮ǰûп£ӵõϢ²ΪҶ˶Ϊҵķԡ
֮ǿҷҶ˽ӴΪҶ˵ıҵ˺ʧҪʧµ̬ȣҪѿĨɱҡ֮С
ԴˣҶҲֻǷչ飬ܲܵҵĶ˵Ҫºһɡ
ᷴеǣʱ仹У£
С壬ߣǲܴǸҶ˵ʱ򣬻峿ʱΪƺ̫ˡ
ϾеģץˣˣҲӦʱʱ仹ĺܡ
ҶãҲӦҶˣûˡ
ֻҶͻȻĿܣоܻǣ׼Ϊ
СĲ׼ȥμ𣿡Ѫʵ
ˣȥҲûж壬ҪǺϴεһǲǰȥˣðű׵Σգʵǲ㣡Ҷҡҡͷ
˵ȷòʧѪ˵
߰ɣȥУȻȥҶڰŽг̵ʱһ˵ĳ֣ļƻˡ
Ū˵֮ԼļƻѾҪˣΪѾԼг̸ˣ
ҿС㿴ǲǷˣȻô˹ˣ
Ҷڰһ˾ڻʹģ£Ȼһ˹ҶˣҶ˸ûа취뿪
Ҷٶ۵ˣʼǲ֪ԼݣԲŻԼԼ뿪
ͬʱڵջʹҶ˵ɳΪһ壬壬ԼҪǹȥĻܾܿͻᱻ档
˵ʱҶҲҪһǾǵҪʹ˦Щܵ
ҪһǾͲøˣ
ĸѡҶڶҪ˦Щˣȥ»ͣûа취ƭ°׽Ļᡣ
˼˹ӣǻϵ˵㹫ϲҲҪ粽ĸ㣡֮еͷͷ˵
ҿַȨҶ˷ŭˣϲţ⻹ò˻
˼Ҳ֪ʲôַȨΪ£˵˵
˳򵥣Ѫ尵зϢ
֪Ҽǵüǵ۹ʮ֮һ벻ôңȻҪôһңҶ˻Ϣ
յ۹ǶյĻʹϣҶҪ˶ҪϤܶ࣬ʹ֮еˣҲ١
Ҿᷢݡ
ӦòܰɣҺģˣ㱻ôջʳطҪ߾ߣû˿סңջʹҶ˺ܲػص
Ҷ仰Ǵţȷգ̫ϤˣҪ˵طͻΧ


524 2
СΪ
֪һᾡȥʹҽȥˣͲҪһ˿ӦģʲôĻͿҵźж嶯Ҷ˺طԸɲϣѪ¡
˵һʧѪİȫìܵĻһѡߣεĿġ
˵ˣѪ뻢椵ĸֻѡһĻҶҲǻѡѪ壬ӹɵģ
ѡǲҶǰ
ȥǱߵû⣬ϱһʹǸֵͷͬҶ˵顣
Ҷ˳ĬԼȥҲţǺܻܿԼһпܻᱻв
Ǿ߰ɣҶ˵˵гɣ
ҶôأֻˣһһǺҲ˵
ҲĶԼûж⡭
һߣҵĿһͥƬ˼С
ףĸףҪȥµ˵⵭֮УҲһֲݷ񶨵ļ֡
УҺúôڼźһȥμӻϵᣡҪȥǸСӣʺ㣡
ʲʺǵ飬Ҳ㳳ҲҪҵɣ»ؼ˵š
˵ôˣôȥǸСʲôõģһС˳Ư⣬һǴֲûп˹ʱôģǶĺ棬Ů˵ĺ棡һ˵Ѿ֪˵ٴˣԼŮûȥ
ʲôҺЩ鲻ֻ棬Ȼʱڵľǣ˵
Ů˵˵˵˵ʲôˣ˵ͨĻҾȥ档
һҲ֪ô˵Ҫ˵ʵҲҶ˵ΪˣΪҶʵ̫ˣֱһìܵ塣
µ˵ˣҲ֪Ҷ˵ġȱ㡱һϲҶˡ
Ůֵģ㲻Ҫȥˣģ˶ãͻˣ㻹ǼȻУξҪǸСˡʱȰ
ʱڳĲˣֵܣԪ˧үӣүӶԴ˱ʾĬûзκε
ֵܾͲһˣҲһȰ˵ԼãҪȥҶС
ǣͻˣȰ˵¡
һʱĳĬ֮±ˣһ˵ǶҪ˵ˣҪ˭ҪңʲôԼеҲκˣ
Ѿͷôת䣬Ҹ㣬ǲǼģ㻹ֵĻһ˽ϳУ۹
ΪյĶһĹӣǺܼ򵥵ģȫġ
Ҿ뿪ǲ¶ġºƽ˵еľҲ޿ɵġ
㡭ǲҪңָе˵ֻ̨ʣһŮʱ򣬶˵仰
Ůû˼ֻŮãȥҶ˻һ㡣µ˵
ǲҪҶˣ֪ˣһŹ㡣ʱֻһѪԱԼеơ
ҡҡͷ˵ʹˣϲˣôҶһԸ˭ˣСҶô죬һֱҲû飬ļҲûκε顣
ΪֻһС˵
⻰˵ģΪǸСҪĻǾ͸׶Сﲻûй˼ɣɱӺáһֱû˵Ԫ˧ˣϲΪ붯𿴻ֻʮ߰Сܱܣ̱̣ǧһͨˣ
ǵĸףһֱûаͨˣͻȻһ̾ʹûйеʵȷһͨ˿ӵеģǻ塣ҲǺһ㣡̾
ڸոᷢʱкܶ˶ˣȴ֣ⲻĻյʵҲ˾ÿµĵط
ᵱʱʮѣһʮŮںܶ˵ﻹһûĺӣ˭뵽ûгĺӣѾľӪܶ꣬һɱ޷
˾ú棬ʲôʱʼģʮꣿꣿ˵֮ǰʲô𰸣˺𾪡


525 3
˵ʲô˵Ů⣡ҪԽԽԶ
Ҳ˵ôˣµ뷨ʲôʱǲĹʱĸҲӦ÷һ㡣ҵҲһĻ˵˵ǲǻһ𣿡Ԫ˧Ŷϱ˵
⡭򸾳Ĭ
˵ǵĽϣʵҲйµģҹ»۵ģ֮ŲٵϰԪ˧˵ǵĻǾͲлһ
ǣǸ˹ʵ̫ˣʵǲʡ˵ѾûͶˣȻڷš
һǸոӦҪע⵽Ѿ˵ˣ鲻ܿ棬Ҳ˵ЩǲûпѾˣԣŻǸ˹ӣԪ˧˵
˭ܾҶҵСʮнĳɾͣÿ˶һɵӴӣأĻϣҲһҶҵˡǿڷܵ£˭ܴӵ˭ΪԼأ
һѵ֪鲻Ҫ⿴棡
Ĭڻӡ̣ҶҲе㽻飬ҲҶˣԼҲǿ©ˣһϹ۵ĵز
ʱ˵ʵҲֹһȥϵᣬֻǣҲǼʲôӰ졣
ȥμӻϵ᣿ʸ㲻ҪҴˣϻ᲻˵ġҲûйģֻǿ£ΪҶˣ˽ԴҶȥμᡣ
ĻǾˣֵᷢĻһᱻͷղð
ȥĻҿϲŻ᲻ˣǻȥġ˵
ʲô˵ǻȥģôܣʶ𣿡˵ﶼʺţϢǺǾȡ
ǸʶãΧԵʱ򣬲϶̬Ⱥ֣Ҳ˵̫ףϲ˵ȥ˵
Щ˶Ĭˡ
Ȼǿ˲ܿ棬˹Ӳصúû뵽ϾȻŹϵ̾
ãԼûǰʲôȻܻ֪ôġ
ҲаңԼܻһĽ
ڿҶȥ绨ѩ¥ܲһżȻΪõȥģ֮ǽⷢӣҪԼɱˡ
ǲҪ߱ˣϻ᲻˵ġ˵ӦѾ֪һ㣬ʵкܶǲ֪ģԣϣҵѡ񡣡
ǻѡ񣬵֪ǴģҲһѡ档ȻԼ׵Ȩ
ǣҿԳȥ˰ɡ˵
㡭ȥɡеѵ˵ѾزˣƺǲܵģҲǺܲǵġ
û뵽飬¸ոҪ̤ſڣյ˵һ档
үŸ˹á
ʲô˶Ծ
ڳ˶֪˭ǿõ۹ʮ֮һһֱܵ͵ʵȴһǿ֡
˵ģһֱٳǰ֪ϢҲ٣Կ϶ʵ뽣ʥ£֪ȴҪȽʥϺܶ࣡
˵һЩ£յ۹ʵԼھģܾ֮ǰѾΪ¡
˵ˣỹв٣һɺǿĶ飬ԭĻʼҲЩ˵Ķ֡
ȻˣڵЩ֮УЩѾΪʽĻʼЩ˻ܲӡ
˵ĳ֣ʵı֮һ
Ҳк֮ܶΪֺ뾡˸ְ취˵޹ǸôôģһҲ
ô˵˵һҪһǲֵģھȻˣҶһҸеܳԾ
ͬʱҲΪ˸еԾû뵽ᾹȻôҶˣ
ʲôôͷݹ٣ȥӭӵȻ˵ֻһ͢ԱҪߺܶࡣ
һиϾߵˣͬʱһ֣ǿĸ֡
һ棬͢Աҵ


526 ˣ1
ˣֻǷ븣˹ӽ˹˵ҪСһûҲ˵ˣһҲСһССûŵơ
ҲǺܶϲԭʥĻͲô˵ˣһڳʥļ
ΪЩʵΪʲô飬û뵽ȻֻôһС¡
˵ʲôǸ˵Ҷ˵ӣ
ǵģ˵Ҫ˹ӡش
ΪʲôҪ֪ԭҪ֪ʵԻ󣬾ԼҲһͣǰСȻʵ벻ͨ
Ҳ֪ҲҪ֪ΪʲôֻҪ֪ǻϵش
ĬһᣬƺҲ֪£ھҳϵˣʣֻ֪ȥִС
£ֱӽɣȻϲ᲻ڣҶ˿֮󣬱ֱ½İ취
ûֻҪʹ֮ͲˣѾˣʱȻи˿ҶˣҶ˵Ļռ佫ܶ࣬ǲ
õģҲѾ׼ˣ´һ£Ȼ̻صķΪҶΪʲôôҪʹ
߰ɣԪ˧ˣˣĵȵȣǾˣʱټҶ˶ҵ˵
ĵȵȣǺ񱻸ˡ
ֵܶһ£űӵУֲ˵ʲôǿɲţǰӡ
Ŷټ
ҵ˳ٳٲŷӦҶ˵ټ
˹ӣֻСߵĻոս˹ˣͷȥ˵ⲢߣΪҶ˶
ΪķԸúöԴҶ˵ԭ
ǱȻôʾҵĳ⣬УҲҪ㿴С㡣ҲҪ㿴ҰɣС㡣ҶЦ˵Цûнթζ˼еȻģϿҵζ
ߣҲû㣡ǲ⻰˵°ͷתһߣƺܲмӣһЩžˣԿóŮӺߵ֡
ô˵ʵҪ㣬ҪһȥʹһĿʼҶ͵͵֣µС֣΢΢һ£Ȼû˶Ҷš
һĻ֮󣬱ЦЦа̾һҪˡ
Ҷ˸ոյǣ֣ʵǺܶʱĽϣȻĻҲɹ
ΪôûмҶˣֱѹŲ棬һ棬ҪֹԼ˿Լһô
Ȼ淴һãҶźøУеϲҶˣҲûõġ
ھһϵеľ֮»ȷԼѾϲҶˣȻϲǲ־춯غʯõ֡
˵ҶǣֳɹΪʱɺϣʱ䣬»һ˦Ҷ˽һ
Ҷ˻ǲסʱֻǱѪһ£ѪҶȥµС֡
ҶµС֣һ·һЩûӪĻΪһ˵ҲǺ˼ģڲ֪֮нʱš
ܿ죬Ҷ˵Ǻܿ죬ܿǾյĻʹǰš
˹ӣС㣬Ѿˣ֮󣬾Ҫ·ˣʹ֮ǲ롣Ѿˡ
ţСһ㣡ѪϢ˹
ţҲСһ㡣
ȵȣոµ֣ǲǸоܺã
ǵģоǲǱСǲһ㡣Ҷ˻ش仰ܳʵ߹ҪĻͻܸ˵ĽҶǡ
ҵأѪʵ
Ҷ룬شûǣӦòɡ½ǣǣԡ
˵˵ĻѪһɱǸˣҶ˵ĻͲͬˣֻӦţԣ
߰ɣһ滹ڷҶ˵
ˡҶ˷ӦŻʹȥʱûǣµ֣֪ʱӦüǣţļƻĽС
¿һԹԵҶˣҪȥҶ˼£סûж֡
ţ¿첽׷ϣҶ˲һȻСִ£ں񲻾֮䣬Ҷ˵


527 ˣ2
ȻˣֻҪе۹˶ܿóҪҶǣ֣ⲢĲ⣬ǹġ
Ҷƺֵһ㣬µСԼֵĽӴǣһַ󣬸ֶУ

һץˣ˫쵽Ҷ˵ĲӱϣһҪסˣһ߸С
һ֣һʮֺЦȴҲһ˾ܰζ
⻭ЦЦҡҡͷܿóҶָ׳գȻ֪ȥգµʾǺԵġ
ʱѪҪڱϵĻһҶһôõĻᾹȻŹˣһ̲߶У
ţͻȻһСС⡣
ףҪȥ˹ӣ𣿿ӣϰƵġЩֵؿҶˡ
ʱ򣬴ҶǸҶ·Ҳ˵ҶǴҵĴ·ˣȻ֪Ҷ˴ȥҶܸоһ顣
ǾҶƺϤоϺϤ֮û߿Բָոˡ
һ˵һٶᶫϾǻʹźܶණ˵Ŀ⡣
Ҷﲻ찡ϰҲ֪ҶµĻ֮󣬲ԼﲻӦñֵô
Һһ飬˲ϤΪϰˣ㵽һİĵطҲ
¾ǣҶ˵ëַˣ·ˣ
ϤĵطʱҲ·ȻСܶ࣬ûҲˣ
ΪҶ˵·˶ϤĲˣ
㰡֪·ͲҪܣһʹô졣¶Ҷ˵·ΣȻҶˣԼߵͬʱҲȻǣһߡ
ʹн𣿡Ҷֵʵÿһȥô֪ʲôء
ǰûеģһϵеĽأ֮ǰЩӹסĹڶϷ˽ӽЩطϲס档»ش
ͬʱҲ˵ʵҪסҲûˣڵĻֻʣˣѾյ۹˹ϵֻʣŮһˡ
ŮûãʲôʸסЩ棿
ŶҶӦһ
˹ӣС㣬Ҷ·󣬾ͰѴ·θɲҶڻʹҴ
֮ǰ֮ûѣҲҪ֪Ҷ˵ǲǵһͬʱҲҪ֪ҶҪȥĿĵء
Ҷϰߵ߹ȥȴܲӵ·ˣ·ıûװĸо
˲̵һ·֮Ҷһտĵطƺǻʹ֮еһ㳡ʱһЩĻ
ڷŵЩϯɢɢİ裬ЩڸҶˣϾһᣬ˵ᡣ
Ȼ˵ϲĿʼҲвٵڽйڿϯҲûģԣҶ˾ͺܸɴܹȥҪһݳԵġ
Ҷ˵Ҫ󣬹ԱȻ㣬ǿɲκһˣǣܿһݳԵĵݸҶˡ
ֻǣݳԵĵݵ֮еʱ򣬱˸סˣ
ѶûȥȵֶҶ˵˹ӣȲҪԶ˵Ļͺһš
˰ɣҶ˿Ǳջȥʳ˫֮¶ǹ㣬һİǵĿӡ
ҪģѾ׼˺ܶɽ亣ζȥһġ˵
ģǾͿһ㣬ҶӿˡҶ˵
ոջһ鶼ûУûкǸոյʳ̼ԣȴ˵ԼˣĽҲ̫һɡ
ЩҡͷȴҲûж˵ʲôҶˣڵ鷿
طҶǰҲǰĻʵۻҶһЩ⣬ҶҲܸɴĹ⡣
Ҷ˵ʱڴССĹҴ£Ҷ֮Ҷ˽
ϣʲôʱ򿪷Ҷڼ֮ǵֱ˵
ͣһ£Ҫٴ飬ҪҶһһ£Ҷ˾Ȼôɴֱ࣬ʲôʱ򿪷
ϾͿһһ£ˣѷ˶̺׼ţҲʱ䣬˼顣


528 ˣ3
Ҷ˵õ֮󣬾ûˣɲлҳţֻų֮󣬵´ȥ԰һ¡
һļȻҶˣֻҶĵ𾢣ԼĴںŲʡ
˹ӡлҶûлӦ
ţ˼֮󣬻һòӦͿʼеˣȻ󿴵ϵķˣͻȻ˰취
ֻǲȻغιԷˣ
ãҶӦһȻܿڲϣӾͼһŹǡ
ʱ鱻еŹ֮ϣһ˫ӣǿѹҶ˵Ŀӣ
ҿôŹǣаҵġҶ̧̺ͷǸֹԼˡ
ô㣿ΪǻϣҾͻ㣬Źҵģ
Ҷǿᣬ֪ѹʱȫʾûᣬֱҪǿŹǡ
ʱ򣬱źŵĻʼŮͷǺҶǲȻҺͻô˵
ֻǰЩһԾķӦ߲гԾӦý𾪱Ƚǡ
ûк԰ɡЦЦǿŹǣҶ˼һڲ˷Ҷ˵С

Ů񰡣ǿʲôǲΣСŮʾȻɱ壬һвˣһΣ̫˼ˡ
ЩźŵĻʼŮȫһҲŵӡ
Ҷ˿˿ᣬͻȻֹͣ˶ȻҲһڲ˷У˵Ҳԣ
һ㶣ǶҶΪ֮ǰҶ˾ϵһ㣬ҲûиԹһ㶫¸ġ
ڣȻвˣ̫߳ĸо
ԣҶ˿᲻ʹߴٵ
ţЦݣһڲˣЦñϵĻʼŮһЦǿǴûмġ
ٳҶǼһˣȥ
ţҶ˺ܶˣÿ̶һ飬ȫǴЦݳȥһ̣ƺһֺ΢ĸо
ˣûˣҲԣҶ˵һһʱ֮û׵ĻȻͿʼسԣһٶȣ
Ȼ˵ٶȺܿ죬ҶȴҲһֺܸŵ̬Ǵģһ޷ӵеġ
Ҷ˳ŶῪʼһֱЦţܿЦݾûˣҿʼüͷʼеŭ⡣
ոҳԶǲҪԳԣһֺƽʵøĻʼŮеһǾƺҪ
ǰ㲻ԵĻô֪û¶Ҷһ߳ţһߺܲػش

ʱ鷿֮УеʧˣҶ˳Զڼ⣬ĺûˣð
ǿȻûԳԣֲÿһ̶һ㣬⻹˵Ȼôֱӵ˵Ѱ·
Ҹ׼ôɽ亣ζ㾹ȻС֮ĶȾ֮¶޺޵˵
ףû쭣
ʼŮһ£Ȼ˵Ļ޺޵ģԸӦֱӽҶɱ˲ģԲӦ
ǰƣҶ˺ܲ˵
˳ĬҶ˵ǰƣ˶֪Ǿ֮ʱ¶һ顣
ðɣ˰ɣҧҧ
ǰɣϾȻˣȻԼĴ찡⵽׷ʲôǲ˰Ůʸˣ
ʼŮһ㶣Ǿù̼ģ񾭿ʼеľˡ
꣡ˣллҶڳ֮󣬾һѾŵ׼ˡ
ʼŮĬˡ
ҶΪʵǸеһоͺﵱһһѵķꡣ
ߣ㵱ʲôеԹ˵
Էĵط극ȻҪˣҶֱ׳ػش㲻Էѵб𣿡
ûˣȥɣǵģ׼ܣϸ׼ʱϯڰ֣Ҷ˺Ρ
֪ˣ㲻˵Ҳ׼ʱϯϯҾͿ뿪Ҷ˵ͷ˵˵⻰ʱѾܵˡ
㡭ᶼûü˵ֻεļȥ飬ʱ·˺ܶ࣬Щ˾Ҫùˡ
ڴʱÿһ鶼вͬķʽкõҲлģԱúһİ취飬ھ˺µĽʽ


529 ף1
һ죬Щ˶ǳյĻᣬÿԻ쵽һ飬ǷǵûеõôõǺڲѵ顣
һеˣ԰ţһͻ˵ڡ
ʱ԰Ѿû˿ԽЩά԰
԰طǻʼҵĻ԰Ǹֵĵطڻ嶼ûˣȻûˡ
ҲΪҶ԰֮УͱûţĹ۵Ķ硣
Ҷ˵Ļ˵ԼļƻƺֽһˣΪüƻԸĽУҶ˾У
ҵ֣İ£ЩŮ˵ЩһŮ˿ޣҲ˵һŮ˸ж
ԣҶ׼ˣǣµ֣һŵ֮ϣһҡţһ˵İ¡
ףԶйϲ˵İ鱯裬ΪΪ㷺ͬʱҲ˵µĸ˳̶ȣֻиˣŻǵô̡
ҶüΪȾ˵ţĹ£µı֪ǾӨᡣ
һĻ˿Ļܾµı֣ΪһԼǿľǰٴĿѣһᣬȻˡ
ˣ¸оԼӵʪԼӴԼˮƺе㲻š
ûԼţԼȻˣ
ֻǣҶ˲û˷Ź£ҶӴף֣һ̣İ黹µӻصξ֡
ѾˣҶ˵ǰˣ
¿Ҷ˵ļ֮ϣ֣ıҶˣỹţֻһȫԸƽԼе˸С
ԣҶھãΪãԶ޷һ̵ĸоҶ˵ָо
ò˵ҶδĻܳɹѪĻһޣͬʱҲ͵͵ĿޣѪ岻ޣŵѪ߾һᡣ
ǳʲôԭڴʱ˿̣Ҷ֮һĻ棬Ȿλһ԰֮Уøӵλˡ
˿һ̵Ļ棬ͻᱻ⻭Զ޷ǣ
˵˿Ļһһ׿ȫȫ֧Ҷһ֮ǰЩǻȫԺ
⻭֮еˣҶ˵ĸоǾһγɹˣԼӦó׵ƭµĸ飬ͬʱоƺҲܲԼĲ֮⣬Ǻܲ
µ뷨ܼ򵥣ֻһܳȥһֱĳȥֱԶ
ԵĻһ̵ʱֹͣԶֹͣ
ֻǣƺǲܵģʱǲͣĹ£Ҳɢʱ̣
ȴԽԶı⽫Զ޷Ļ䣡
ڽ֮ҶһܾúܾãһֱŰûзκε˴ֻ֮Էĺ
˶Ƕе㲻֪ˣǾƺֻһѡ
֮Ҷ˴Ĭ
£׸ҿһɡҶ˺ûĵֱ⣬ûԼĿģƭס
һѪڵĻһҶôôôôֱӣ϶ƻյġ
ȴƺûʲôоֻصͷ˵Ŷ֪ˣ
ǾϸңҶ˼´Ӧ˷ܵ˵ʱ˫ַµ˫֮ϡ
ڣԣ´˴Ȼҡͷ˵
ΪʲôҶʵ
׻ҵ·ûѵҪҹ𣿡Ҷһ£ɬ˵
ûµģҸطҰѷ磡Ҷ˿˿ȻָĹ԰ƺôһйͲˣȥҸӱȽϺá
ôô뿴ףҶǲΪ׿ҵġû˵žҶǹȻô˵ȴѾӦҪ
ҾΪ׵ģô֪ġ
Ҷ仰˵˳ҺڹؼʱסˣͬʱҲڰңҪõ׵ĻԼͿˡ
ֻҪҶҪߣķ㣬ȥ磬һֱҶˣҲа취ˡ
ᣬ±ټɣ±Ҳˣ
Ҷ˷ŵʱ׼Ǹ׼׵ʱؼʱ̣ƻḶ̌Ҷ˷ǳĲˬȴҲûа취


530 ף2
ҪȥѾʼˣǸòѾ˰ɣҧͻȻɱ˳Ҷ˵
Ҷʱƺŷ֣ѾˣѾԶˣڹҲͱʾԼӦòʱµദˡ
Ͳһ㣬Ҫٶһʱ䣬ҾͳɹˣᣬͲһ
仰ҪĻһίΪһ㣬ƴĸʱ䣬鶼ˡ
ʼǸ˹ӣһ˵ɡ˵Ҳһߺ죬Ͼ˵ȥĻҲ˾ú
ðɣʱҶ˵ʲôأǿȥ¿϶ǲԸ⣬ֻܵȽ˵
Ϊ˷йԼĲҶ˾˵һ䣺ᣬѾͷ鷳֪ˣ
Ҷ˵仰νʯ쾪֮ǰҳԾϰˣһ仰ʵ̫ˣԻָղ˵˵ǸѾͷ
һ㣬޷ܣ𾪲ѣ
ʵҶ˵Ը񣬱˵һ˶ǺòģҲǴҹϵģȻ֪ԺϣǺܵλġ
ǵжԵĹϵֻҪ̫ᣬҲòĶԴˡ
ֻҲ֪ΪʲôȻ˵Ҳ˵̫ޣϰߣӦûȽòġ
ֻںܶʱòû˾һ㣬ӻðɣһЩͿ֤һ㣡
㡭ڲҪһ㣬˶ûм飬ǰҲǺ侲ģ侲ÿ¡
ܶԺ²֪ǸʱǺҪΪҶ˴еʹûбסˡ
߰ɣȥҵǲ⣡ֹͣ˲˵ͬʱڿҶֵʱҲ֪ǳʲôԭӲǼм䣬˸ֿ
ҲΪոյԭҶ˲ԼԼҲúù
ܹ֣ʵ̫ˣ
ʱҶ˶е㲻Ծοˣ˵жɻ󣬲ΪʲôҶˡ
ǰΪʲô̵ˣոķӦӦǺŶԣԸʲôǵ֮󣬲Ͼͱɱ
һж̫ˣ
ѵ˵ϲꣿ֮еġС
˵ǵĻС̫ˣ²ǧɽģȻСŮű̬Ҳܷ²
Ȼ룬ǿɲ˵ڣǻϾ飡
Ҷ˵Ϊһ˵Ϳ̱˵ģȻĻҲȥԣǲǻǾ˵ˡ
еĮشҶȥ鿴أǸʱЩ˶ѾˣǶʲôġ
ʱţ˶ֻûȤֻܻͷĻȥ
ҲûжʣϾϲŭ޳ģû˻ȥΪʲôȫǶġ
Щ˵ùЩĹԱҲһģòģᱻͷ
ЩԱ޹ʵѾܺˣǲѣȻ鲻õĻҲᱻͷ
Һãỹеִ磬û̫أֻССĳͷţ˵ȷССġ
ϣĿ˶࣬Ǿ͵һɻˣкǰɡ
Ȼ˵֪鲻ãк־òУصˣһﲻ
ǻܻһֱҶȻţܸɴѡˡ
ԴҲΣΪϵҲ̫ˣЩô˵ҲΪԼΪ˸Լأ˵ԼҲҪ΢Ӧһ¡
Ҷˣȥһᣬ
Ҷ˰֮󣬱ڽһλϣ죬ĵģк
ò˵ʹĶǲľ¿ɿڣˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶھǲȥһЩأҲʧΪһ̸˵ĵطӸ顣

С㾹Ȼ
ϣԽԽ࣬ҲһЩһĹ壬µ׷ҲȻڣյϢ»μᣬʱѰµ䡣
ֻʱһֱҶڽϣױһʼû֪Ѿˡ
ֱҵ˵֪ԭʹˣһҶһģǾͿʼ£ڽ﷢˵˵ЦЦˡ
Ҷ˾Ȼ˵˵ЦЦֿʼʻգ


531 ŮʵĿˣ1
Ҳģûа취ԡҪҶ˿ŭԼλ꣬Ŀޱ˵
ϣߣʹţɣһСѵҲҪ𣿡Щ˺ǲм˵ҶǵһһǴС
˵ҲڻɣҾûҪһӡҶе˵еʵĲһ
ҶǾҪԼԼĻҲ͵ֻ˵΢ôһ㲻ͬ
ǸҪС㵹úʲôˣҪôױСƭˣȥˣи˺ǲм˵
֮⣬Ǿû̫Ѹ㶨ˣǣ˶Σ׷С𣿡һ˷
һַҶˣǱУ֮սҲǲֹͣģ֮ǰǵĶԹҲ٣Ե©ʱһ˾ͻ
ǣֻǴҰС㣬ı䡣ǰǽŵ˵
˵ǰ׷Ҷ꣬Ҳ˵ͬĻ֮ǰ˵ٻ˵ٻ˵
ҶꣿҶ˵һ֮ǰǸˣƺеӡ
֮ǰѾˣôش𶼲ʣᱻ¿ԣõİ취ѡĬ
һҶ˺ֱԹߣмƺûʲôˣǣһȲ졣
ܿ죬Щַ֮ǰ˵ǣŷԼŮֱСƭˣԼûˡ
ǸʲôΣյ˻ȻڣһһǱ롰·
ССԶһ㣡
С㣬ôСһ֮ǰô㲻ĺ𣿡
һӣЩĽҶû
ǡվƽ˵ţܿ˫֮һ˵죡

ƺܳԾԾµ仰ƺ֮ǰûô
ȣ˵һ㣬ǳúƯСΣҸ˭һҵ飬ûʸܣԶһ㣬Ҫǣ¿Щˣ䵭˵š
С㡭
Ҳ˵ڶΣײף˵
СӣҪҸ׵壬ݣһ˳嵽ҶǰһָҶˣͣҶǰʮԶĵط
ǺĽҶŷһƺϵĽ㣬˹עѾʼ᳡ء
Ǹ˭
㻹֪ߵǸС
ŶǸ˵ǺܿСǱʣ
һЩԵĹ忪ʼ̸ۣЩһ㶼̸̸ֻȥֹʲô﷢սҲãҲǰţ
ߺǺӣ֮󣬾̶Աϵһ˵ǸýָҶ˵˵ĸף
ߺе㽻飬̳ѡ
˵ϵĻֻ֮ǸߺĶӽҶ˸ԼŮߣᣬΪ֪һ顣
һСµС֪Ǹ˹Ĺӣ˹岢ҸеµģҪţߺǲм˵Ҷ˸ֵһᣬ㸣˹ˣҲẦ¡
꣬ô򵥣㻹ǿȥӽйȻˣٴѵߺĹϵ㲻
𣿡ߺɻԥΪһԥͱ޷ˣ֮һֱͺܺΪʲôʱԥһ£Ϊʲôһʼȥֹµķչ
ߡߺ׼ĶӣȻô˵ǾһɣԼӦһ¡
һ˵ԼĻ͵ڸӣҲһֺãֶΪأ˵ˣýָһˣҲʲô£ûʲôô
ֻǣ֣׼еʱѾ׸һƷˡ
Ⲣǿŵ˵ȷֻһƷһУͽ߸ƷˣҲ˵еǶôǿ
ֵ˲֮࣬ϣҲм󲿷˶Ź˼ɣֱӳ֣Ψһ˿Ժ޹˼ɵĳ֣ҲҶ˵ˡ
˵֮ǰҶһ飬ָŸ׵Ľ˵
˼ܲܰѽÿۣΣյģҶǸʱЦ˵ôһ仰˶һ£ƺû뵽򶨡


532 ŮʵĿˣ2
ƾҶ˵һ򶨣ڳ˿һ飬СƺǴ֮еô
ڴһûüϸʱǵʯ֮£ͽˣúܶ˶һ֪Ϊʲô֣Ҷƺֵ֡
ᣬҪ֣ҲӦǱȽϴҪĻʼӦ
һһûüϸʱһϵ˾ȵ黹ڼţôȶæ
˹ӣ˼ܾˣ
ĵǸ⣬ǾѾܲˣûбҪǸٶҶݵˣӦǲҪġ
ţ߹űѺŵĸ˵иǰɣܲȻҵ϶ýָĿˣ
ڳ˶еëһϵĸԶĸߺ亹죬ͺ񿴵һ㡣
ûӵᣬϾͺ죡
ʱ򣬴ƺҲע⵽һ£Ǿ˵һ仰Ŀˣѵ˵꣬Ŀˣģ
Ļˣ
ϣԭС֪Źɣߺܹڵϣᡣ
Ȼ֪кã˵
ߺʱû뵽ԼĻȻᱻᵱͷ׼
ϣ˼Ϊߺͷһٶ˸ߺһж
˼ˣĹᵭػص
ĻøߺʱûҲ˵ˣΪʾ˵ȥԼͻǻˡ

˵ܣûУҵģ䡣
㲻߲
ʲô߲еɻȻͻȻתҶˣֻҶʱеĸ׵ס·
ʱҶ˱ֻҪ뿪ɲܸǲǻᱻᴦô˵ԷҲһѽԼûΪ˶ȥᡣ
ֻǣ׹ԼǰǿӣҶ˾һΪһ飬Ҳֻһζѡ
ҹȻһˡ
Ǿɱ˵
Ҷʱҡ֣˵ιιһŮӣǺɱģɣҲʲô£ﲻ
Ҷ˵仰һȫ˶ˣ˶û뵽Ҷ˻ȰᣬһһͨŮһ㡣
ΪǺ壬֪Ĺذɣܶ˶뷨ͣҲֻ취ܽ͡
ʱжĪǸ߼ҵӣҶ˵Ϊǿ
ʱ˶ɣҶ˵Ƕ˽⣬Ժܵͣĵͣ
ոտŽ㣬㻹ҪŹûϣǿҶʵ
ֲǻʵۣŽָҵĶȥˣЩҲûҶ˻شƺû˵һ㣬Щ˶õ˽ѵеĿһӶý
ȷʵ
ţҶ˵ͷ
УҿҲܾŹϾŽָ㣬ҵ֮ϣ㻹ġĮ˵
⣬ӣ
ӦþҪ˵ģø߼ҸжһϲȻҪͷܻͺá
ʱ򣬼˶þҶˣΪǴûпı⣬û˿ı⣬Ҷ˵ļ仰ͿıһʵǸе⡣
ǻΪ뷨ʱҶַˣЩһγĬҾãҶĳ˵ͦġ
ֻ˵ɱû˵Źý־ˣգñѪȻܵùġףˣӦ㵹ùλ߹ӵ֣ҶͻȻԼǵжԵģùòԼףһ¡

˶Ĭˣﰵ̾꣬Ҳһᣬɵ˵һ顣
˵ĻĳֽǶ˵Ҷͬһˡ
Ȼˣÿ˶һԸƣⲻһ˵ԸҶҲֻڶڵ˷ŻѾܺˣողɱǸˡ
ʱ򣬸׸˶޺޵ؿҶˡ˸׵֣ǲǵڷ˸һҪʹ࣡
Ҷ֪뷨ʱ򣬾ͻ˵ʵܻţôҪǿ
ֻЩûȥģŻҪȻǿЩԼģʵΪ޷ʵ޷ıԼ
о仰˵Ǹɶı䲻ˣǾҪѧܣ


533 ŮʵĿˣ3
Ҷ˵Ļ֮Ȼǲᶯ֣ˣֲҶ˵ģҪҶ˻˵Ҫᵹù͸Ҷ˵ġ
ߣ˫ַˣҪѪߵصزһ䲻ҪѪ
ǣӦ׼Ķ׵˫ַˡ
ȵȣһֻ𣿡Ҷֹ
׸Ӻܿؿᣬ˵Ǹ˵ûֻһֻô˫ˣ
һֻٻ֣Ȼܲ㣬ϰϰߣҲܹȥҲ㷽㡣
˵˫ֶˣǾֶûˣһֺֻûмĲʵ̫ˣҪһֻֻ֮öࡣ
һýѱһΣᵭ˵
ǡ

Ĺͷѵ׵Ĳҽͬʱڳ˶еһһģƺеͬеĴ
ϵĺܳףֱϵĽϵͬʱֹǴ飡
ǳ׵ķˣ
ƺ֮ǰûϸһ£ȴķ֣ľȻǸ֮еġС
Ϊ׽ָµ
ҰĿ⼯еҶ׵ʱȴҶڵϣһӴʹԹȥĸס
ιûУ

ιι˼ҶˣôŹˡ
Ҳ֣ʱҶҪʲôѾ˫ˣҪ֮ǰҪĶҪضˡ
ʱ˶Ҷٽм޹ʱ򣬾µĶ
Ѱ
Ҷһ裬ֱڸ׵ϣǺƺеҲ˵ˮ̡
˳Ĭ
Եĸ˹ȸеԼϺ̣Ȼ͸еԼ˫֮ϴʹ
ʱøȥѡĻѡȥԲԼѹΪʵ̫ʹˡ
˭֪ʱ˭ɣҶǲǹŪףȻȥʹ
Ҽôͷĸһ£ҪˣҶ˵
ͽ̣ҧʹһһ˵
Ҫ˫ָֻһʵҲǲܡҶ˵
׸ӵ˫һʱѾҶ飬ֻҪҶܰǻָ׵˫֣ԺὫҶ˹ݡ
빫Ӵͽ̣˵ʱúòˡ
ͽ̲ҵֻ˵ѣ˵ʥ֮µ漣пطҽʦܸҲȥԣҶЦ˵
˳ĬⲢΪǱϢˣΪϢ˭֪Ҷ˵һˣ˵ļ
Ҫ˵Ҳ֪׺޺޵
Ŷ֪ΰɣҶ˵

˵ξ
ϣҽҾȸˣߺԼĶӣ˵ᣬǲȥޡ
ã°ɣᵭ˵
ߣߺҶ˺һǺⲻ˵ˣǲҺᣬ޺Ҷ˻еġ
ǼסЩҽʦô˵ģȻǿܲƵģ˵ԼɽϹҶһ䡣

ɽϹֻ˫һҿ˶Ҷ˵Ļ֮Աǡ
˭֪Ҷ仰ȷһԣ˵Щҽʦ֪ΪýָҶ˵ԵʣŻᱻ˷˫֣ҶҲ˵Ҫ֣֪Щ֮ЩҽʦǾԲȥپԲκ֡
ǻùʿʥǷΧý룡
Ҷ˭ԺõʥǵĹӣ͵ǵԺãʥǣʥ̡
⻹ǹʥ̴ʽ漣Щ֪Ļϸ׵˫ȣ
ʵϣı֪ˣûмסҶ˵Ȱ棬ͬʱȻ˵ԼҪȥˣĽ־ע
Ǹʱ򣬸ײ֪ҶĵλŰµ˵ţҪ׷󰢶°ɣŮװ֮£˵ĵط
ܾĲɫĲĵ³Щ˾ǲ֪ܽѵ֪һ¡
ǣһݺݵز˸׼󣬾ͽ׽доͽ漣ľ˵Լʥ̵ˣŮ˺ͨˡ
ЩҲ֪еǱ̨ʾڸǣвó֣ǿ⣡
ҶԸǹӣҿ
ǣһȺһӵϣŸȭߣǵ˫֣˫š


534 յĴͳ1
ص⣬ڸ׸˳֮ʹźҶһ⣺˵ǿκ˫֣ǲģ
ӦģҲֻ˵Ҷ˻ػ
ҽʦҽôǸ׵˫֣ӦǲָܻģǾȻܽκãûһüҲһͨˣҲӴҽܿó׵жأ֪ǰҽǲκõġ
İ£ʥ̵ҽ˺ܶ࣡
˭˵ûһֻ˵һҶʱ˵
Щ⡣
ҲѻָҪû֮ǰһǲܵģһöɵ飬ǿԵġҶ˵
ԭˣԭҶҪ˵ǣͲᶷħһҪսǲܵġ
˵ЩˣʲôʱϯǳҶ˴ߴٵ
ϾͿϯˣ㼱ʲôˣڿʼߺһ𡭡˵
ҲŲһԶһ㣡ҶǴĻǹϵľܾˡ
Ϊʲôǰһʵ
ΣգҶҲǺֱӵ˵
ĬҲһĬû뵽Ҷ˻ôɴֱӵľܾᡣ
ҹգһΪףգ𣿡˵ûгֹı飬˵ķ㶡
죬Ѿ̫ྪȣҶҲһ
˵ϯءҶҪܾ˫ۣƺʲô벻ʲôָоԼԼȥܾ
㲻ԾǴӦˣһᰲߣЦ˵һ̣˶оЦģĿġ
ѵСŮʣϲꣿ
ҲɣȻĻôȥһУϾһʮŮӣഺٰʱ̣ϲһˣʵҲġ
㣡Ҷ˻ص˫֮һ˿˼ƺ뵽ʲô飬ôҲץסʲô
ǣҪ˵ʲô𣿡Ҷ˷Լǰ滹վµ׷ߣֵʵ
˹ӣСܰ䣬ǲˣ˵Ѿ׵³ֿҶ֮΢ϵôҼȥ
Ҫ͸˹ӽѡһ˵
Զԣֻѣ

ЩҶ˳ˣʲôмʹ棬ʲôûԶĵˡ
ҽѣ԰ĺ֮ڽֵܣҶЦЦЩ˿ʼ̸˾ĺһȺһ㡣
һе㲻ˣΪʲôҶͻȻ̬ȣЩ˵Щ˽Ӵ
·ҶֵĲֹһ㣬ҶȥһЩ˵Щƺʲôˡ
ûǺˣЩ˶۸ҶˣֻҶ뿪յʱ򣬶Ҷ価ʯˣȻҶָҶһɵҶңڵҶҡ
ҶΪʲôأ
²ף׵ǣ֮ϰˣǸҶСãƺĹӦ̣ܶණġ
²ҶҶӰܳϯʸеģ⻹˵ûṩƷ£Ȼ͸ʸˡ
ҶСÿҶ˵ʱ򣬾ܹȥ˷ܵӣҲ֣Ϊ֮ǰ¥ǳ»ῴҶ˱ҶĻ棬ҶҶŷɿƵľ
ֵǣҶڿҶʱ򣬱СãǲǺ죬ңȥǱȥ
ҶסˣҶҧҧȻת뿪ˡ
Ǹʲôô֮ǰ̬ȣѵ֮ǰֻһʱ𣬶ڲ뷨
ܿ죬ʽʼҶ˱ϵһ˶е⡣
Ǳһĵط֮λһģһ˵߲ǲˣӦܵˣҲǵ۹ŮʵˣҲ׳Ƶĵ
˶û뷨ΪҶ˻ǵѡϾڴҵĿ֮Уһ仯޳Ů˭֪ôġ
ܺõľƲˣĸ裬֣ź˽Ŀ
ƺЩŶ⣬ͷβ΢ЦţߵҶ˾ͺܸɴֻ࣬ϲһǾϵľƲˡ
ڼ䣬ỹΪҶ˼йˣһͻݵӣͺźҶһ
ҶֻǴ˴ȻԣڳԱ֮󣬲ſʼݵĽĿò˵ЩĿܾʡ


535 յĴͳ2
ʵĽĿʱúܿ죬ͬʱҲӿ˽Ŀļ٣ܿͽβ׶Ρ
βʱ򣬻ʹֻ̻һҶЩˣҲʹʳܿˡ
ᣬ̻ܲ
ţƯʱ̫ˣ
Ƕݵģô˼ǵã˶ԵԼ׿

ڲ֪֮УҶ˿ʼ˵һЩ飬ĺڰףһ
ף˭ڷſƣ
̻֮УҶ˿һյյĿƣЩҪŹĻܶ࣬һε龰Ҳһλܶࡣ
ơϴηŵĿ𣿡ʵ
ǵģǸʱģͷ˼û뵽ǶŷšҶ˿ҹ֮еǵâ
ǵȻģΪǶ˵
ˣҲԷſƣԸдȥȻŷȥүŮͻյԸһͻԸġϧûпơҶһϧӡ
У׼һŵģߣͻȻһ͵ĻĿƣҶƹģǿԷġ
ǽͷϷҪҶ˷ŷơ
ǾдԸ棡Ҷ˺˷ܵ˵ʱѾ飬ֻ֪档
ã˱ʹȴûīˮˮдǸɫˮ
ΪԼԸ˿ȻǸŮģŮһܿõԼԸ
ԸֻŮԼ֪
Ҷ˶Ҳû⣬ֻд֮󣬱һŷɿƣڵƹ֮£ЦݣǿһЦĵЦݣ
Ϊһ̣ҶһףԼգŷԼԸ
ҶˣֻǺ˷ܵķŷɿƣ¶Цݣǿ˸е׽Цݣ
ҶᲢ֪Լ˵ΪȻڽγһͳ½ںܶһֱиյĴͳǾдԼԸڿ֮ϣŷɳȥ
ԽߣͱʾԸʵ֣
᲻֪ԼֻҪԼԸ飬ʷԶԶļסˣ˶֪Ҷ֮Ĵ˵Ϊÿ˶ա
ȴһ֪֮鷢һЩתֱµı仯
ڿʧǵ֮Ҳͽˡ
лл㣬Ҷɹһ֮УõգҶ˵
лʲôҺʲôûҶ˴˵
ѾˣֻҪѾˣЦЦҶ˵һƺúᣬͺһġ
ӣԣӦøĻһã
оʵе֣ǱϵЩ֣ҶҲú֡
ǲʲô£ΪʲôЦô֣Ҷ˴ʵ
ûУûʲô£ֻҪһ顭ῴҶˣЦ˵
ʲô£Ҷʵ
Ҷˣңĺβôװȥģᵭʵϻ΢Цƺ˵һƽ顣
ʲô
ոջ˵ʲô˵ҶˣҶ𣿻Уβװȥģ˵ǰ
ѵ˵ǸҶ𣿲ⲻܣôܣ
пʼڣµɫʼˣǶҪ֪𰸣ҪΪʲôô˵
ܿ죬Ҷ˵һ仰˶϶飬ǰ꣬ĵȷȷǸҶʮ١
ܼ򵥣ôǿӦҲõģֻҪҶشûзԼ⣬ȥĵĽԼķ
ܳٶ۵زģҲֻǸҶʮˣ
ʱһЩ˵Ҳ֮⿪ˣ˵ΪʲôôҶˣ˵Ϊʲôô֡
һߵҶҲһЩ飬֪ΪʲôҶܸĸоΪǸͬһˣͬʱҲҶΪʲôͻȻҪԶԼΪҪ֪
Ҷ׽ˣпܻᱻᱨⲻֻоΪ֤ˣ֮ǰҶ׽Щôˣͨˡ
ҲҶΪʲôȥЩ׽ԭҪЩˣЩ˵ȷӦãֲñˣ
һ̣˶ʼжһЩ˺ˣһЩǰҶ˽һΧ֮ơ
ʵ˵ҶֵʱѾʼбãҪǰȴᰵֹˡ


536 Сӣ1
ҶͣƺԼѾ¶ˡ
ôٶۣӣ˭һģѵ㱻ץסɱ𣿡ῴҶ˵˵
ɶ˵ɶôҶֱװɵ
װˣ˭֪˭Ц
ҿʲôʱֵģҶ˿ߵᣬʮֲʵ
ʵڿĵһ۾ѾϳˣȻΪһһİ˽Ӵ𣿡ῴҶ˵
Ѫ²ģȷڵһʱѾʶҶˣһͨŮˡ
ҿͻϳˣ̫ˣֻǣΪʲôֱӽҴңôϳģҵĻױǺģҶƺһҲţõԼЩαװǴϤͳǰ
һ̣ܶ˶ھ̾ױҲ̫ǿˣֻǼ˶ͷȻ˶ˡ
ϳʵܼ򵥣ԶϵǹϢʲôӣҶϳҲҴΪûаס㣬֪ĿģҲҪҹաῴҶ˵
ûʲôգԼͺˡҶе㲻ףôô֣ԼӦкܶοԱΧû
Ҫ˵Ҫ֪ԼĿĻ˵Ȼ˵ҪԼգ̫ˡ
ϲܲţЦ˵
˭㰡ȻҴңͼװ֪֮Ҿ˰ѵҪɱ𣿡Ҷ˿һ¸ܲ˵
Ҵûɱ㣡ͻȻƺƺܼȻ˵ҪҪһӶӲҵģ
Ҷ嶶˶·еĸо˵Ȼһ̬Ůˣ֪ĥңҪУ㲻ҪΪĵ̣Ҿûа취ˣ
֮˵ֻ㣬ΪʲôҪӽ£ʵ
ʱµһҶˣϣҶ˵ԭ
׷Ҷ˺ֱӵػص
֪׷Ϊʲôȥ׷˵ϲǰ׷Ϊһͷ˵Ľӡֱ˵Ҷ˵ĺûм֪Ҳˡ
µһڲ֪Ҷǰ׷ԼɣҶˣϣҶܷ£Ϊ˵ʵһ
ףô֪ģֻҺҽ㼸֪ģһСߣʲô鶼˵ҶɻʵͬʱҲӵĳ顣

˶ĬˣǶ֪£ȴ֪ԭ֪ˣǾҶ˸ǿˡ
㲻ùܣ㣬Ϊʲô׷£֪ץ㣬㻹ô󵨵һ˻¶棬мһкҪԭɡῴҶ˵
Ҷ˳һ£˼ڡ
˵ɣҲҪ֪ǲģаֻɱ㣡
Ҷ˿¡
ǲΪģµʵ֪Ҷ˵֮뵽Ҷ˲ֹһҪ顣
֪˰ǰ׸ңҺˡҶѾҪõˣѾͷҡҶ˳ˣԹһ䡣
ôˣ԰ôҶûȥѾˣе㿹˵
ҶˣΪʲôҪҵףҪֱ˵ΪʲôҪװ׷ң˵֮£ѹŶŭû֪
ҲҪֱһģҪ׷㣬˵ȽϺã֪ĽҾҵİ취ˣ˷ʱ䣡Ҷ˻ش
˭׷ңģͬʱʵʱµƺһ㣬ⲢҶԼԸģǱ˵ģҲֻǺһ㣬ֻһѡ
⣬ȻҪҳˣΪ˱ΪҳҶ˵ͬ
ãҶӦòһ˹һţȴһֱûзҶˡ
Ѫŵȶһˣ߸ûа취ǵĴڣ
Ҷûлش⣬ôش
ϣҾҪģôҶˣҪɵĻӦÿһ㣡
ôȻǰץȻᵭ˵
ᣬ㲻ãҺܽҰץʵĻҲͿ𣿡ҶҲѧᵭ˵
Ҷ˵ıϣһײĵط˴ӷſ֮󣬾һֱվһûзֿ


537 Сӣ2
ԡ΢΢һЦ
ΣաҶ˿ᣬѡֱˣһȥʱĸˣôܶһ
ں֮ܶ˶֪ҶѡǺǵģȻͿȫһȷǺΣգ
Ҷˣ֪֪ʵҪץΪʣʱҾͺһ뿪ҾͲŮʣһֱ㡭Ҷܳȥ֮󣬾͸̾˵Ǹо˵滰һ㡣
𣬱ң׳ҶһֱӺ

쵰ץҾȢңҪƻ飡ŭ

ˣ˶ûƢˣǲϲҶˣˣпΪһҪһȫûи˽顣
ھӦܣ
СӣǴ𣿡Ҷ̻صȷҶ˵δСӣδ޵ãСʲôأ
㻹С𣿡ʵ
ǳϲϵ⣬ʵҶڻصʱͻΧ֮УֻСڽͻΧĿǰ˳
󣡡Ằһĵ˵һѪˣǲһ
֪һı䲻ѪԵʵҲϣûа취ԣͲҪűƻ飬ǲµģҶ˺˵
ǲΪұƻ飬ŲòСݣЦʵµҶ˵˼
Ҳ˵ҿǽħѵ֪û𣿡ҶͻȻԼòЩ𹤾ˣΪѾʧȥħԪأǽħ
ո˵ʵ˵󷨣
֪źڽħ֮û˿ԴĹ㣡˵
ʱҶֻЩʼҶЩĳѾճˣ˵һ˽ħֻ֮־ܣЩ켶֡
˻ĻýħͿԶԸЩ켶֣ʵȻħֻһ壬˲֮У޷á
壬õĲһ㣬סˣҲᱻͻơ
֪㻹ãѵһҶ˵
ԼȱģǸҸ㣬ҼȻħץ㣬ǾѾǹа취Ը㣡ҸӺûа취ʹ˵Լ뷨ҶˣͬʱҲΪĲĻ
㵱ôץңҶֶΣǽħͬʱѾ׼õԼ
Щһ֪ץЩֵģԼסĻ϶Ҫץ
ǣҶ˾ˣһ߼ٿ񱼣
㣬һ㣡
ʱ򣬼˶˵ǵҶһֵǷı㣡
ΪܵóҵΪץס㣬Ѿ˺ܾˣԼĲֺģҶŽħԵȥûκεĽš
ʵҶӳħ滹кܶ˷ţһβһˣֻһˣԼ׼ģ
ҶʵҲ֪İ취һ벻İ취
Ҷ˦һռڴﵽһ߶֮㱬˿ͺ̻һ
źŵ
ڿԿ϶Ҷһͬ飬źŵ֪ͨԷġ
֪ͨôջʹ˭ܴĽ
Ҷ˦ǸźŵʱĶȴûͣˣűԵٿ񱼣ٶȺܿ죬е㷴Ӧ
һѾ֪Ϊѵ
һ
Ҷ˵ȥﶼᱻסȥ·Ѿ
ҶһֱٶȵĻǰ˲֣ԼҲУҶ˵ٶȣǼ٣ҲӦ
Ҷһ̣ȫûмٵĸоֱͦͦͣǰЩһա
ڴʱҶ˱ӦóŻȥûΪǰ滹еڶط
ѾʧܻôԼ˶ڣźصķһУ
һ̬Ůˣ
ҶΪһͣ٣ܵˣΧ

ǽˣһַҶˣҶ˲סһҶ˱һס֮ͻеڶŵš
Ҷǰģ棬ߣұߣλ˹


538 Сӣ3
ʱһ߿ŵԼҪ֮£ûûжһᱻס
ˣ˸˵ˣ
ֻȴôΪҶ˻ѣܲ˼飬ҲһԶȥ
ģҶ˿ʼ˶֮ɵĴԽȻûбմ壬˶еȣ۾
Ҷ˲ǶȥˣҶ÷ǳƯ˸оͺһֱڿзһ㣬ȫһǱ
Ҷ˽ȴɣΪЩ֮󣬺˻źܶܶһΣѵܶڶΣΣһֱȥ
ܣʱԲκεʧҲᱻܶƣοܵͬʱԷڽӽΧ
ԣҪ취ڶʱͻƣ
ҶƺѾˣ
ȣ
ҶصĲһµأǺʯͱˣʯ׷ŸЩ˱ƺҪˡ
ʵ֤İ취ûõģ󲻽ˣԷЩʯ
ҶʱƺúҶ˵˶ΪҶ˵ţĵĪҶ
£ʵҲе㵣ģȻеҶƭԼȴҶ
¶ЦݣһʤЦݣԼĲ֣ҶʩչֻܹԹԵ־ܡ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻµı仯Ҷڲȵذ֮ȥĵذ壬Ų˼
Ǹʱ򣬴ҶҶν֮
Ҷ˲һذʱͬʱնֱ죬Ǹʱ̣˶û뵽Ҷ˻졣
ҶаԸˣҶ˷ɳȥֻҪɳħΧͿ뿪ˡ
գӦû˷ģֻҪȥˣһȥͷˡ
죿Ѱ·
ﰵЦ֪ҶܷϺԶѷɳħķΧ
ֵô©·˼Ӹ˽ħĸ߶ȣҶṦٺãҲɲȥ
ᵱǼҶ˵ṦأȻ֪ṦֻһΪԼСҶˣصؼӸߵҶ֮ǰֵ
һ㣬ҶеᣬһһֻĻһҶ˿ɵĳȥ
Ҷ˵·һŴƺڸҶˣȥĻһС
ͬʱ˷ӹҶڿУһܺõİӣױС
ҶڿЩϷʱ˫֮вûǳһ㾪ϲܿ죬֤ϲΪʲô
֪ҪʲôĻһ˰ȥ
𣡡
Ҷһŵ֮ϣȻһϷȥ
ôܣôܽ赽ǿƮƮôܽ˶ܾȵĿš
ƽʱĻҶΪ˻ħڽħ֮Уǲħġ
˶벻ͨԶ޷֪ΪʲôΪҶ˴ûн𰸣
ʵҲûõģṦ˭أ
ĽҶ˿ֱӳ˽ħķΧʱҪʲôͿʲôˡ
ҪҶûҪô죿
ܼ򵥣Ҷ׼··ΪĶ·ɱãֻҪ΢һ£·ͿʱһĶȥǸӵļ
·һ治ãǾҶ˾Ҫ¶һЩ壬ûġ
ֻҪɳħҶ˿Կ϶Լúְܶ취жʱУɵĴӿ·뿪ջʹ
ɲҲúܶ취ʱʹ
ֻǣҶԸ
Ҷ˷·ƺе㿲Ϊ֣˾Ȼɵ˿УЩԷһģϿҶħһ塣
ⲽֻǰ裬Ӧ𲻵õģڲ֪һǵľб޻
Ҷ˲ҪᣬҪ֪ԴôɵģôһˣҲ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôԶλҶ˵ĻƿԽҶȫ£
ĻĶλжͱȱˣ
սҲ£
ȻҶ˲ΪԼĿսźܴģṦܣûĲŹ֣
ЩڿҶ˳֮󣬾̷ɹȥҪҶѹȥõİ취
һŴ֮УҶȥ
Ҷ˾ǿṦƺҲΪˣôӣûط㡣


539 Сӣ4
ҶȴЦЦԴ˲ûӣֻͣһˣа취
Ҷ˷𣿲ûз
ֻҶֱһӣʳָָϲΪֱָĽƿ
ﲻò˵ʵ̫ˣʱ֮ʵ޷סҶ˵һǱȽϲģ֮һ
ǱȽϲģҲƵģڽħ֮УסκεˣֻҶһ⡣
ɣ
Ҷͻƽħ֮󣬾ڽγһȻʹһȣٴη
ڴѾûʱȥҶõĴ̶ȣǾҶʵ̫˼ˣȻ˵ذΧ֮Уӳˣ
ûУ
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ҶڱʿΧĻǽսһᱻ£
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ٶȣǵ۹ʮ֣ǸոҶٳĻûл׷Ҷˡ
ǣǸոճҶ˷ȥʱѾˣҲΪԷһ
ԣҶھͱȥһܣٶȾˣֶʱ̣顣
ǣҶ˾ˣû˫֮ƣѹ
ôˣںƣʤôҲᱻʿץסе㵣ģܿóʽҶ˺ܲܲ
ոջеҵģѾˣΪãҶѾӲˣ
ֻǣȴ벻ģ
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Ϊ֣Ҷ˵ܿʧˣ
Ҷ˸ǽǿҶټԼģһٶȷ˳ȥʿҲ޷׷ϣ
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ҹ֮УҶ˵
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ϣڸô죿
ջʹ֮УСŮʵ֮ϣҶ˴ذΧ֮뿪֮˴ѯʡ
֮Уһһǹһâ˶ţƺڻе㲻Űǰʵǻûдӷ֮зӦ
ֱĹâȫʧȻԻ˺һᣬŽķӦ
ʲô£̬Ůʵʱİţκ˶ᾪȣᾹȻܰŵ̶ȣǶ켶ҲҪˡ
ֻǽǣҶ˾ȻˣһΣҪһø⣬𺳡
ͻȻҴڱΧ֮Ȼڵˣо󡭡
ȻڿУ˫ſŷʹԼڿŵ㣬ڿжֻҪħͿһֱȥ
ôһ㣬һԿ϶Ǿжûгһڿзɡ
Ҫץסˣͻøӵѣ
ڳԺ֪Ϣ֮ˣ֮д󲿷ֶĽ˼Ϊ˶ԷɵԶıġ
ҶʽȻֻ˵ȴ֮Ծĳ˵Ҳһֿзˡ
ô죬ô죬سţֱӾڿйȥˣȥ׷ҲˣǣͶҡȵȡῴҹգѾ뷨ܿһ飬¡
¼ῴԼеԻˣѵҪ˵ңôأ
£㣬⼸ôڼУϹĻע⵽ҵĻԾͻСܶ࣡˵
ʱ뵽һ飬ûڻʹҶҲǻֻǸʱһ׼Ļ͸ץס
ɻĻҶҲͻⷴҪڻʹЧҪã˲Ҳһһ㡣
ţҶ˵Ը񣬺пܻ᷸Ժ֪֮ܵС
ֻǣЩŵĹؼڣҶ˵׻᲻


540 ж1
ϣô϶ңӦûӵԶԶģѾҴˣǲҵġüƺⲻܡ
µУƺҲһʧ䣬ãҶΪĿĵĻǸΪԼ
׻ûе֣ģִӣĿľԲ׷֣ҡͷҹ΢Ц˵
˲ؿᣬ¸ɻ
˵ĸо֮УҶƺʲôԺôܻ˵ˣĿĲ׷֣ô˵Ӧ˵Ҷˡ
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ѵΪҪץסҶ˵ԵʣƺֻͣͬʱҲƺе˵ȥ
˵ȥôأ˵Ҷ˵ĻǾ͸˵ȥˣǿͷ
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һΣֻɻ׽ʵڲУӵ˵
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ΪҶ˵̫ˣҪκһɱܴ鷳鷳κ˳еġ
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ѪĬһᣬȻ˵ϳ룡
ãҲңֻһˣĿ̫Сˣ鲢ûнһҪ취ȥ֪ͨѪߣȥ֪ͨŵȣǷ绨ѩ¥Ҷ˵֮ҹ֮УҲκεĺۼ
ܣѪᣬҶҲᣡ
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Ҷʱ֪ͨѪŵȹ˵һȽΣյ飬ҪǱ˷ֵĻͻú鷳
Ѫŵȵľǲܻᱻ˷ֵģҲһ
֮ǰʱҶ˵ڰûз֣οŵѪ߸ӷˣǾ͸Ӳܱ֡
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һᣬǵСǹҶҲû˵
ŵҲû˵ģҶ˵ʯ̨еһɱΪҶ˵ߣֱо
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˾ʯ̨֮ϣûκεΣ


541 ж2
˵ĻҶôûʱûˣȥ
ŵȴһʱˣҲһûΪǺ壬壡
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Ѫ˵ʱ򣬷ҶŵγһصĻ棬ǸʱŵȰŪԼĺβͣһ߰š
һеĵĺŮһ꣬⻭ҪǷڵϣǾիĳ
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ȻҾ;еֻ֣һ벻ͨҪ緢ĻӦ㶯ֲŶԣΪʲôҪȵڣŵ΢΢ü
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ңڻʹ֮зʲô飿ŵٴʵҪ֪öһ㣬ͿԸõİҶ˽⡣
ҽʹȥһ緹Ҷ˿ʼ˵˵ʱ򣬾ͱѪߴˡ
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֪Ұٶֵİ˵ˣΪµİȫ֮ǰҲԼȳһ£ġҶ˽͵
Ů֮иֳʱǿ߸ϵСŮʣȻҶ˵һԳԵģһܸЦ
Ҫ֪Ҷ˽ֱ˵ˣǱһһЩ
ţҾͺ԰Լһ£һİ°жˣڴӦˣֻƻˣ֮ҾͲμᣬڽ̺֮ҷˣҾˡҶ˼˵򵥵˵һ顣
ǵģȷǼ򵥵ģҲ̫ˣʲôϸڶû˵
ˣŵѾ֪ˣôӳģ˶ץ㣿ŵҲûжʲôЩ鲢ʱʵġ
Ҷ˵ĻȻ򵥣Ҳ͸¶һϢǾڵĴǺܺãܻܿᱻҵϸ˵ʲô
ÿ鶼˵ĻҶ˾Ͱٷְٻᱻ֣Ƕ˵һͻһֱֵĻᣡ
ȷܱ̬ҵ·ˣҺãҵʵǿǵذΧ֮˳Ǹʱ򡭡ҶڿԼ֮󣬱㿪ʼϸ˵ʱ


542 ж3
˵ŮӶеͷʹڲȷȷʵʵĸܵĿֲͬʱҲҶ˵ķӦʵ
ŮӶҶֱģٶ۵Ժ֮£ӦԺץסûзӦ
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ʱ˶ҶôһڴΧ׷֮£ȻĴ뿪
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Ȼ֪ҶѾǰ棬ǲµģ̲סеľĸо
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սתƣŵеԺʵ
ҶսתƣǺµģͻΧˡ

˵һ㣬ܣսתơŵˣû˵
ȿȡҶ˿˼Դ˲ϡ
ˣҲ˵ڵǸôõףѾˣҪõ׾ͺˣѵҪתȥʵ𣿡ŵü
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ĻǺƽȴŮ
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ʱҲﲻæˣҪǣǲܱ¶Ȼ֮һԤҵĿģĻսתƵʱͻ谭Ҷ΢Ц˵꾫֪㲻ˣҲŰй˵סˣ֮ݾǺ⽻ʹڣʲôҪȥ
ŵȴһ£ҪԵģҶ˵סˣе㲻Ҷ⻰˼ǶԼչ
ô˵˵ŵҶ˵У·˼׵ĽɫűȽҪĵλĵˡ
ӦŵȾֵ飬ΪҪҶԺеûĵˣ˹ĵ˲࣡
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С壬͵͵ҡ
ģҲᣡʲô飬һþһа취أˣһɱЩԸˡѪ˵ƺһ鶼ûУͺ˵һƽ顣
ѪҶ˶ϰˣ֪ѪԸ񣬾ٴ飬䵭
ŵȾе㲻ϰˣɻؿѪ塣
ˣ˵ˣɢ˰ɣǶȥԼ飬һ⼸飬Ҳȥˣ㽫椵ĸκáҶ˿ҹ˵
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ŮӦţǱʧҹĻ֮УصԭڵĵطһǶҶκεĹ
ڣҶ˾ֻʣԼһˣ˵Ҳδһ£һ˵ʱЩ鷴øһ㡣
Ҫôȥ£ȥҶլ
δļŵȣҶ߶пܣ֮ڵѶƺˣ˵ĻȥµѶҪһ㡣
ûᲢ֪Ҷ˵ʵ֮лһףȻĻһֵҶլҲҶլŲߵ
ڣ˶֪飬ǵĽ㶼ϣµնҶ˳֣еľ߶ϡ
˵Ҫ϶ȡףҪҶլ鷳ܶ࣡


543 £1
˵Ҷ˿ԿǵһĻһѡֱȥҶլῼǵɣῼǵ
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ڵĻʳ֮У洦ԿΧһŹҶ˵飬ĶԻ֪ڶٸ䡣
֪֪ʮֻˣһ˺˷ܵ˵˷ƺΪԣĻҪҶ˻
ҶջʳǵɲһģжٵҪֻΪԵʣ֪ǲܵ顣
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544 £2
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֮Ǿһֱһ˳˵һ£Ǹʱ˵ʮٶǱСģС㲻֪Ϊʲôȫʮչˡ
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Ϊƽգ뵽Ȼ֮ûиоǲͷǾģҪǼ޸ҶˣǾҪ顣
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ҶһģܶҲҪ֪ҶӳʳˣǼĻأ
󲿷ֵ˶ãҶĿԺܵͣ鶼Ѿ¶ˣһΧˣôỹѵץ

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ֻǣǲźܶҪ֪µԸǾԺܸߡ
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Ҷ˻᲻˺£˶Կ϶ĻشǾԲ顣
Ҷ˲ǵжԹϵô˵ҶҲ׷£ҶǺ˵ԸȻǲʲôԼȥŭҶˡ
ԣҳȥҲûġ˵ʼƶŲҪš


545 㣨1
ЩҶ֪ȥһˣҲץȵȣŮòǲץסԣҪȥͻȻ⡣
ȥҶģİţҶһܴı
µԸҪڼʵǺܴ⣬ΪƽʱĻڼһ
˵мһ⣬ȥֻΪҪҶ˽鷳ҶС
µ᲼µ޵ֻҶ˵
ǣҲץסһΪңµͷֱ֮ӳˡ
ΪʲôԴ˺⣬ŴܴܴΪµĴ𰸣Ϊ̬ȣһе̬ȡ
ڳĿɲֹˣˣİĶУµⷬһᴫĶ֮С
ΪʲôҾǿãҲƻǵļƻֻǲȥ룬֮£һõĻᡣºȻ˵ԵɣԿ϶Ҷ˵ġ
ֻǣȻҶ˵ģΪһˣǼ֮飬ͬʱҲȥ谭飬̶ȡ
³Ĭ˺һᣬȻŻʵ㡭ǲϲҶʮСӣ
Ȼˣ˵ʲô´һ£̷飬ʱһΡ
Ĳ𣿡е㻳ɣҲеŹ֡
ǣҺŶԣƭΣߣٱҿĻҾͽ˺Ƭæ˵ţƺеż
ʱ˵ʲôģһɵסˡ
ôݰɣֲǹƭġһʦ˵ģһҲǱġ
㣬㣡ʦ˵ʲôŰ˵ȥˣҲȥ𣿻УһҪ׾ֱ˵ֲǲ㣬бҪȵȡһʱ֮仹ûзӦŭԶԣܿ죬ͷе㲻Ծˡ
㡭㡭ôˣָָһ򣬺𾪡
˳ĬˣǶˣǱȫһһӣͺ񿴵¼һ
ûǸе飬ЩΪʲôΪץסҶˣҶ˻֣Ҷúַܶʽ֡
ֻǣڶ֣Ҳ뵽ʽûҶ˻ֵô죬һķʽ֡
ʣոշ˾Ҷˣֻһ߽Ǳͺ߽һѵļУûһ㴳̶Ѩζ
˭ò˼飬ҲϺܾãҪһŻӦ
㰡Ҷ˲ػص
ΪʲôʵȻΪʲôҶΪʲôҪ
ҪסҶ˺ֱӵ˵ûзҪʲô
֪ҪףΪʲô㵽ΪʲôҪףȻΪðֻǰ֪ôأҲϧ¿Ҷ˵һһ仰ֻ˵ţûʳ
Ϊ׷ңֵ
ֻǽооһỹģҿԸһսΡҶڴʱóһۼףĵ˾ⶫǷƷ
սף⣬ⲻǴ˵֮УƬɵķôУֵҪ׸һ㣡Ҫʲô
Ҷóս׵ʱ˶סˣǶ㲻ҶҪʲôԲΪΪ׵ķԣΪҶżֵߵġ
ûսףҲǲҶ˽Ϊ׶ʵ벻ͨҶʲôˣǴˣһܼӣ׶˵ȫǲֵһĶ
ֵעҲΪ׶ȥðգ
ΪʲôҪҵף㶼սˣУҵ˵Ѿ˽͸ˣҪٿˣ˵㶼һõġ¿Ҷ˵
ܶ˶֪Ҷ˽ӹо˺һᣬԵʱҵĹϵҶ˵Ҷ˺׾ͽ赽ˡ
ԣ飬Ҳе֡
ͬʱЩ˿ʼҶ˽ӽ֪ͨСĵΧҶ¼˵ҪģʱͿǿİš
ϣǣҶ˲ҪЩ


546 㣨2
ҶƺԸûзֱЩ˵Ϊֻ˵һҾȥǼ̫ˣû취ó
ʲô˼˵ǰסԺ֮Уºܿ뵽ҶԭС˵Ժӣﲻźܶ˷
ţҷˣһһͿˣʱ뿪̫æûдߣҵʵѾǸռˣ滹кܶණ̫ϧˣҶ˵ͷ˵еԹζ
ʵңѵ˵㷿棬һʵңʵ֪Ҷ˵ԺѾص㣬źܶʿоôƽҶµĶҲҶ˿ܻ¶
ǣӦǲ뵽Ҷ˻һʵң˭ļ󣬾ҶҲ֪ôһ
Ҫ˵ҶˣҶҲ֪Ҷ˵ʵҿ˵û֪½ġ
˵ʲôˣʲôû˵ʲôʵҲ֪ǲҪǸʵҵˡҶƺŷԼ˵©죬̷ϣֻķЧ
˶Ѿ϶ҶԼԺһ˶֪ʵҡ
Ҫ֪ͨᣬ᲻֪жԾЩʼʿǾ˷ܣ˷ܵĲˡ
Ҷ˵ʵңֵҪѵǿǲɹĲƸ
ץסҶʮϢͿŮƽϢŭҪĲ
ûһ䣬һȴ˱˺⣬˾ʲô⡣
ǼȻףҪʲô¼ʵ
Ҳܸ㣡ֱܽһ¾ͺˡҶû˵ĿģĿ˵֮˭֪ôģȥδ
ȻԻ岿Ӱ죬ỹΪ뻢岿佻ֻĳ·ߣͬʱҲ֪ŵȵˡ
ŵֵʱҶ̫Ǻˣ᱾е㻳ˣӦҪģټҶ뻢岿ʲôϵģԣҲȥɡ
˵裬ôأ΢ЦſҶ˵ƺڿЦҲƺڹҶˡ
ĻǾͶԲˣҾֻáˣҶе㲻˼˵
³Ĭû뵽Ҷ˻ֱ˵Уʲô˼ģôʲô
Ǹ㻹˵ҵģȿԼڴʲô˵ɡ۹ɨЩƺҶˡ
ιιС㣬û˵ʲôڰʮ٣ȻҲ뷨ҲҪǽ
Щ֮ﰵ˵ʵҶ˱ϣΧγһΧݡ
ףǴðģҶ˿Χˣеӣԣ֮ǰûע⵽
ˣҿԿ϶һ飬ǾҶ˲Ϊ֪ʽɵĽΪȫ֪ԲŻɡ
ʮ٣˲֪˵ʲôźãԺľͽˣʲôҶ㣬ȴȥʮСʱͳˣͷһ¡
֮ǰѾˣϹȻûв´㾹ȻֲĿĲ׷ֵˣһΪ㲻ˣû뵽㾹Ȼ¸̾еᾹȻܲµҶ˵˼
ѵǰ𣿲԰ûпһϤĲŶԡ
㣬ôסҶ˴˵
Ͳ̽Ȼһ飬ֱ뻧ڣͶ𣿡û˵
ιιС㣬˵ʲô˼ǾӦԼ𣬾ҪŪ鷳һ
ϵе˼ƺԹҶôϹֻǣҶİԼЩ˲Ǻ鷳ͷˡ
˵ҶļƻɹˣǵʱԼЩ˸˭ȥ
νˣ鶼Ҫ֪ģұô鷳֮ǰͲӦȥ׷㡭Ҷν˵ţԼ׷µǹܴɣ޲仨򣬻İ취
˵ʲôʲôвӦ׷ңͻȻŭʣúܶ˶㲻ˣ֮ǰ˵ƭĸ
ĻҶ˲׷Ļûƭˣ˵Ӧõ
ʵԼҲ֪ҲûзãҶ˵Ӧõʱв֪ðһŻ𣬳ͷԣŭѡ


547 㣨3
Ҿ׷ûãԲӦðҶûжʲôֱ˵ʱԱϵЩԱҲǺ⣬ƺЩ˲ʲô
˵һΣŲһ㣡ŭŽҪ˹һ
ֻͣͣ˵˵Щ鶼Ѿˣ˵ҲûʲôáҶҲ°νⲢ£ֻǲʲôͻ
ߣ֪ͺãҪεĻ㵽ĺǣҲ㣡ºߵ
ҸʲôΣûаôˣֻƭһĸѡҶ˴˵
֮У˵ʵ̫ˣƭһŮӵĸǺصģڿѾƭɹˣȻҲ˵
Сӣ㵽׶Ůʲô飬ʲôҪΣҶ˵ĶԻԽԽòԾ
ûôԭģֻƭ飬ûƭ壬ҡҶҡͷԴ˼ķ
ʲôûУ㱧ңҵ塭Ц˵
û취飬ʱ㱻˲ǿˣǾŲСĿģΪԸⰡڱ㣬ֻΪ˶Ҷ˵Ļˡ
жΪʲôʮٵһ׵飬ǹҪңûռұˡЩŭ˵˵ҶݽҴ֮뵽顣
Ҷ˵ҪʮɢǺ׵飬ᶼҩôܲܡ
ȻԼװô죬ǹⲻԼⶾҪԼʱռˡ
оǲչš
ȻҲֻһʱѣʵĻÿģΪǸʱܵҶ˵չˣǺ˿ܵõģ˵Ǿ޽е顣
ΪҶƭʵҲַҪҶôģֻҪҶ˿΢һŭ΢ĺһ£Ҳȥ
ֻǣҶ˵ԸƺֻϺĵ飬ǲܷġ
ǲ֪˭ˣҲûôҶ˺ֱӵ˵

Ǹո˵ʲôʲôҪǿˣʱˣŭոմ֮зӦ
ԼŮ㱻ǿˣκһ飬ķӦ𾪣Ȼŭ𡭡
ҺûбŭͷԣҪЩ˵ĻͻֱӲԿǣָҶҶʲô
ֻҪ΢һ£֪Ҷ޹أҶǾ³ħƵĶˡ
Ǹʱ·Ǹ͵¡Ҷ˵ûע⵽мЩ鲻Ӧ˵
ҶˣҪסҶˣֻǺΪʱҶѾ˵͵֡
Ҷʵ
Ǹ󱿵ںһ߷Ҷˡ
£͵ʲô͵ǲΪԼǽʥĶӾͿ޷죬ȻҵŮһĲŭգʱ͵ǰĻǵֱӽ͵ˡ
ûԣҾɱҶﲻݡ
ʲôа˼ҽʥĶɱˣѾǵڶˣʥӣⲻ˵ʥѾϺˡ
ǿ
²֪ʲôʱܵҶ˵ıϣݺݵһҶ˵ԴҪԴװʲôôʱôԺ
ңҶ˺޹˵
ǲԼ鷳࣬Ҫõ۹һʥ׷ɱ㣡͵˵Լɱ˵Ҳûʲô಻ϣʧˣ˭֪ɱ㵹ãԼˣеŭˣֻȴΪҶ˶ŭ
ΪҶе֣Ǿøֵǡ
ȿȣںҪץʮӵģôе֣ǺʮСɵġ
ʵе죬һ㽣ŵĸо
ѣƺҲ⣬Ҫ˿ҪؿҶ˱ץְκһ
ȵһ£ǵ˵Ҷʱȴûߣץסµ֣±ץס֮ҲûֻǺؿҶˡ
Ҷ˼˵£Ҫ˵һ㣬ɱ͵ҲϣΪҲǵ۹ĵһʥ鷳֮ǰΪƻļƻžбҪѾҪˣ
ǲҪˣֻҪ뿪գҶ˻Ҫ½ʥ𣿱ѾйˣٶһҲûκε𣡣


548 ܣ1
֪ǻ쵰ʥʵ̫ǿˣΪеӮǰЩЧģҼսҪɱ㣬練ƣ֮ǰɱ㣬ΪʱˣĿ֮·Բûɶ֣ڲһˡƽ˵ʱѾָԭĿûʲôرĲ
ʲôһˣ͵ѵûҪǿ㣬֪˵ĻҾͲˡҶе㲻˵˵
û˵ûֻֻ֪ˣ˼ҽʥʱԲϣֻ˵ӱ㵽ʱΣˣάֲһƽֱˣɲ뱻Ҷˡ
ϾͲϣУһʥʲôȻ򲻹ҲɱҡƼңҾͺС尵ɱǴ½һʥҲֻ·һҶ˲˵
ҪѪɱһˣǸ˾ͱɣܶһΣҲ㲻ĵڶΣΡ
ҶһĴڣʵЩ켶ƺһ㣬ȴκǰû˿κε
Ȼе˱ӣȴڲ֮أ
Ҫɱһˣǿ켶֣ҲİɱİɱһҲѪ塣
ֱ֮УһЩ鼮ŰɱɣɱصȹڰɱһУҶ˾ͽо˾ͨİɱǺֲܿġ
ѪŮһ½˵İɱǻǲܵġ
Ȼ˵ˣĻʵ۾ͲһˣϾڶĸ֣ڶ࣬Ѿһε˵
С˭ˣ˵ĻҲûа취һһ𱳣˵һԹˣ鱾ΪԼ׿ҶˣԼȫĶš
ʱҶ˵һʲô˵Զ£ǽʥҪ㣡
Ҷ˵Ļһû뵽Ҷ˾ȻΪԼԲŻὫ˵붼û飬Ҳĸеһů
Ȼ˵ҶƭԼĺܺá
ߣҲŲܵжҲϡ
Դ΢΢һ˵ڻôʲôֲ׷ˡ
Ҳ׷㣬һҪװֺ㻹бҪġҶЦ˵
еץˡ
ˣǱ˵ˣʵʥ²ǽϻǵģɲʥʮӵġϵٴ˵Դ˵ԼĴڣҶ˵ԼĻ
԰˵£׸ңһҪ뿪ôҪץң鷳ġҶٴ˱ϵˡ
Ҳ˵ҪǺҽ飬Ҿ͸㣡ֲҽ飬ΪʲôҪ㡣ֱӻص
ŵģܺ飡ˣ㲻ԸĻҾֻܰ㣬ҾҪ򵥵ģҪ׷򵥶ˡҶν˵
ʲôе㲻Ҷ˵˼ҲеԺҶҪʲô
Ҫ㣬㽻ףҶ˿΢ЦţôһԺ·֪仰˴𺳡
Ҫң˵ĳڶʲôʱˣѱˣңû˵
˭˵ѱģѾ׼ˣУҶ˵һСһµһѨλ
ʲô»ûзӦ֮ӾͿʼԺȻҶ˵ĻС
סˣ֪Ҷ˶ʲôֻһ£⾹Ȼؼ߻ԣʵ벻ͨ
벻ͨҲһ벻ͨʱĽ;ҶһʲôŻЧ
ţͣûĽˣʲôǾͲ֪ˣҲȥ֪ΪҶ˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
쵰㵽׶Ůʲôʵ
ûʲô˯һᣬˣҾȰһʱ䣬ɲĵطԭ¡Ҷ΢Ц˵Ǹ
ǰܣȥɽˮһ
ʮӣòǲֻе㺹ˡ
ԭ¸ƨӳ˵ǲƿڴڰԼŮˣкƢŹ֣ǵеġ
ŶȻĻǸλټˣҶ˽ºıȻת׼뿪


549 ܣ2
ʮӣɲ˵˵߾ߵĵطЩ˵˺òáЩ˺ܾõ˺Ƶ˵
ûǵˣ˵ĻҾͲȸ׼ˡҶҡҡͷ˵
׼ʲô˲⡣
ǰ˯ĶҶ˻ش
Ҷ˵֮ͻȻûǱ֮Ǳը֮ΪЩ뱬ը̫Զˡ
ţҶ𵭵ܿңѾķΧ
Ǻܿɹ۵ģҶ˾Ȼڲ֪֮Уôװá
Щ֮Ļ˵Ͼ棬ûз־ûз֣ڲģе˵ȥˡ
ԼôǺεȵĶ࣬ȴ˲ôණ֪ǸеͬʱҲее־塣
ҪǷõըЧô
ǿ϶ǽΪƽأе˺ﶼᱻ飬ʣµֻһƬ棡
ڣҺ֪ЩʲôõģѵҶ˿е˯
ȻЧϾͳˣɢЩڸǵĵطЩ˶ڶʱ˯ȥȷ˯ȥǻԡ
һִߵҩڶʱ˯ţ
ͨ˵Ļȥһͻ˯ߣ֣ǿԵֿһ£ȴֿ˶٣ܽ켶˶ߣؼֺܼܳʱ䣬мʵܵһӰ졣
ȻҲİ취ҩֻҪģǾû¡
ֻǣһȴ࣬Ҷ˵ҲѾ㹻ˣֻҪ󲿷ˣС˶˵в
ô֪ԼһʣȻǾӢӢΣҲ˲Ӱ죬ȥԼ϶ɲˡ
û뵽ԺʮӾȻôԼЩһػ
еޣΪʲôʱʮӲԺȥΪʲôԼЩˣ벻ǣҶʵûзǵĴڣȻþˡ
Ҳ֪ﰡ֪ôȻңǸѧǰɡҶ˺ֱӵػص
ѧģǣġ˺գҲֻҶ˸ôֱӳƺ֣һķС
ѵ֪
Ҷҡҡͷ˵֪֪ĻҾͲôˣһỻʽ͵͵¹ߡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô㻹ŪôĶҪԸ˭أ
Ȼҵˣ׼ҵȫŪ˯ţҪŪǸȻٳ֣ո˵ңҾ̲סˡҶ˵

Щ˸ˣƵ㣬ԼЩ˾ȻǱɱģ
˼ˣֻҪ˯һͺãġҶƺ˶ԷƣԾͿڰοİοûЧ
ЩƵ˵ڿɲ˯һ⣬Ҫ֪ʧˣǷɲܳеġ
ңҶ˺˵
㡭Ҫ㣬ֻҵ𣿡Щû˵Ҷ˽ıӣȻװԼô
ܣҶҡҡͷԣҪˣǲˣ
Ҷ˵žͱ뿪ʱ˵ȻǲҶ뿪ŬҶ˰Χ
ֻǣǷ֣Ҷһ˲ʹԼİΧӰڴſڣû˿ס
ԼЩܵҩӰ죬Ҳôɵ룬ʮѵز¶
Ҷʧڴ֮˶һ£Ҷ˻ԼİΧȴû뵽ôס
׷
ڴһ֮󣬴ҾͿʼ뵽ԼӦ飬׷Ҷˣܿ죬Ǿͷһ⣬ҲǿʼҶ˵һ顣
Ǹȥ֮󣬷ҸãȻһƬȫţܼǼͼͣôȥѾԶҶˡ
ոʵһִߵҩͬʱһҶ˿֮дݵߡ
ͷ׷
֮£ʣЩֻֿܷܶ׷ˣ֪ͨԮ½ҶˣֻΧƺܴܴ
ұͺܴ󣬼ҶһŪ÷ΧҵΧܴ󲿷֣˵Ҷһβ֪ʲôطȥ޷
ϣһҶѾɹˣٳ⣡Ѿô˵ķ֮Уɵİߣô˶
Ҷ˵ĳɹʵһЩ˵İæֲò˵һҶ֧ʡ


550 ܣ3
Ҷ뿪ҵʱһսǴһ˷ˣԶչٷЩˣȴ㲻Щƽϰգ޴ڵġ
ʮ١Ǹ˿Ҷ˱Լǰһ£Ȼȵ˵š
벻Ҷ˻ԼǰһԼӦȥ¸עԼʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲµĴڣе֣ôʮٱСܣʲôأ
ûеͨЩʱһЩɫ׵ʿˣʿţû˻᲻֪Щ˵Ĵڡ
Щʿ֮˾ͷʵûпҶˣ
ûУʮ𣿡ҡͷװ˷ܵӣҪȥѰҶ˵Ĵڡ
У˭֪ŮʺʮͷǲʮȥһĻһҸ̭
ΪҶ˾յ۹ĴϣֻҪ˷֣ҶᵱԼûԲϢ͸¶ץˣܻ󵼵ЩҪץˡ
Ҷ˲ֻ֪Сĵı뿪ֱ뿪ʳǣкܶ취ڲ³ǡ
ѾȥôˣѾ뿪ˣǻǻȥϰɡСʱ֮Ѿˣ²ֵӣĶѾȥ
СʱˣѾˣˣڵõϢ֮󣬾ֹͣ׷ѰΪ˸Ҷ˵֪ѾҵҶˣټȥҲͽ޹ģɴձ
ܣϴж˹ǰľصȴͷѾ׼õ顣
£Ҫñͷľ򣬵Ȼָ飬£ĻúõĻҲŽ
ͷϰߣʹͻǳͷأǳͷ
һΣô˶ץסҶˣֵĻᶼûУǾԼһܵϸĳͷ
벻ǡ
Ƕ°ɣ鲻ǣ֪һϣ´ʱ򣬲Ҫʧˣػӻ֣ŵЦ˵
˲⣬֪ʲô˼ô˵ҲҪĻ£ûôġ
˶ߣ鷿ֻ֮ʣһ˵ʱֻվ֮ǰҶԷλӷ
û뵽㾹ȻҰŵô֮У׵Ľ´ߡ뵽ҶôɵԼһ⣬ǾԼסҶˣû뵽ô򵥡
֮ô򵥣ΪҪԸңԼŵЩ˶޹ۣŻôױӳȥ
ʲôӦ˵˰ɣŮĶӣŮչȥչ˭أϣܱˡ
㵽Ҫô㵽ΪʲôҪףǲҪҶǣӦҪȥһˣҶ뿪֮Ҳٵ顭᲻֪ҶҪʲôԲ²ҪҶǡ
ҶǣһֱǹעţҪҶҵ״ΣͬʱҲҪ֪Ҷ߹١
õϢҶڽ췭ظı仯ڴ½ĵλҶûʲôϵҶһЩ飬ҶЩϵҶ˻ȥĻһΪ˸е⡣
ҲҪ˵飬ϣҶ˻ȥҶǣΪķչҪġ
Ҷˣ쵰´βҪץ㣬ȻһӶҪҪӳҵģһֻ֣ȻסȭͷһԷĵӡ
ʱƺҲһΪ֪ԼץҶ֮󣬸ô⡣
ڵҶ̫ˣһֵɽ󣬻Լˣõһ
ȻץסĻỹϣץס

ιι֪֪
ʮСŮǰɣ֪ˣ֮е⡣
ǰѾϢˣϢոʮٽСˣ˵ֱӰܡ
ʲô

СôֱӸˣѪյϢ֮һ£ҲʧΪһð취ɴֱӣΪʲô֮ǰأ
֮ǰҪֻǷԶѣ˵Ҫȥ׷¡Ѫһ˵


Ȼåһ㣬ȴĺܸɴ࣬͵ڵõסֻҪϣܻа취ùŵյϢ֮Ҳһ㶣ҰԹԼ֮ǰû뵽ĻͲô鷳Ҷ˼
ʵŵȵǻǺ뵽ģֻûôаûȥⷽ顣



551 ˣ1
ҹ۾ԼһƬݵ֮ϣ㴫ı֮Уꤵеˮе
űϵĻѿȥڿǿ֮ˣ˾ƺصΧԵʱ̣ǸʱҲͬΪԼζ⡣
ԼԼողӦڼ¿ʼԻ֮ܿ;ⲻΣԼǰ֮˰ˡ
طΪˣǵĵλã׾ϳڻʳǱǧ֮ĸߵزԭ
ҶˣҪʲôҴʲôĿġƽ˵ûΪ˸еź¡
˰ȺȵˮԵ⣬Ķһ˰ɡҶ˲ûлشµ⣬һˮһݸ¡
붼û룬ͽӹˮʼڳ⣬ںˮûлҶֽţΪҶ˸ûҪ֮ǰҪʲôˡ
ʱҲǶˣҪΪһˣŹκλʳ仹ֲ֮¡
˯˶ãڳԱ֮󣬱Ҷ˵
ûãڲϰ˵һ㡣Ҷ˻ش
΢΢һ˵һͿԴʳǿǧ֮ң
Ȼˣҵٶȿ죬ңҲ˷ʱˡҶ˲ػش
ʲôģôûκεƥˣ·⣬ڴԭ֮ϣûκεϰԲʮﶼһĿȻֻҪã¾ĺ
ûκεĶҶ÷ʽҪյˣطĻ¾һҶ˱ģھôԶе²׼ˡ
һ·ôأһǡ
ܹİûʱˡ
Ҷ˵һ仰´סˣǱԼܹģǧ֮ң
ܹģҲǡ
ұģôˣֲǵһˣʲô𣿡Ҷ˵ƺʲô⡣
ûû⣡ҡҡͷ˵ʲô⣬Ҷ˵ģǵһˣοԼǱܹģûԼܾͺܲˡ
׼ô죿¿ҶˣһξƷ׸ӡ
׽һʱ䣬ҷȥ֮һͻ㣬һһսף⵱ҸĲҶһ˵ţһһľŪ
ľģӦָ֮еİɡ
һս׾ͿԲ𣿡˵Ȼǲͬһ㣬ȻֹΪβͬ⡣
㲻ͬ⣿ҪˣʵҲǿֱףֻĻŪ·ԣҲ롣Ҷ˿üҲǺƽ
ңҸҶˣҾ㿴ŭʱƺһ˿⡣
ҾǲԲŴȻҾͲ뿪ʳǣŮֲ֪ܲţҲҶüе㷳յ˵
ȡͻڻʳǰɡ¿Ҷ۾֮гһ˿ӵĸ飬һʱ֮䲻⻰˼ҶԺ͸֪ˡ
Ҷ˺ֱӵصͷشţԵĻһڻʳǣһ
㡭쵰ָҶһ˵ӡ
һ쵰С㰡ΪҰ㣬ҰڻʳɵģͿԻؼˣôл쵰ڲŽл쵰ǲǣֻһĵİˣǻ쵰Ҷ˷Լ⻰Լ̸ĿˣɵɵıһߵͻȻЦˡ
ꡭһҩɾȵı
㲻𣿡ҶȻٶۣǿóģЦһַĵĿĵЦݡ
˭˵Ҳģ°ңҵ׵Ϊʲô
˵ģһĹܣҪֹˡҶҲֱӶ˵ʱѾûʲôġ
˭²ûȥѯ֮ʲôܿԾˣ˵ǸԼҲûãΪԼһᶮ
ԣ¾ͺܸɴĲʣֱȥȥ˭Ҫ֪˭ҶðΣطա
Ҫһ£Ҫʱ䱣ܣȻҲ㡣Ҷ˲һֱԼܻ»ȥϾҪֻף¡
Ҫ»ȥһ˵ͬʱŵû뿪ĻҶҲұ֤᲻ŵȲ
ãһᱣܣȻ֪ҶʲôԱܣΪܵĻҲ֪Ļ֪顣
˵ܵĻһأӦ飬ͲᷴڣΥ


552 ˣ2
ҪȻ椵ĸס
ʲô椵ĸף椣ǸŮū̩ŰɣҪȥ岿𣿡¶ڻҲ֪ģˣջʳû˲֪椵ĴڣҲ⡣
ǵģҶ˵ͷ
ôˣûΣգʵֻһֳϰߵʺ򣬻椵ĸʲôϵɲúˣ˭ġ
ûʲôΣգѾñǽˣʮڶ⡣Ҷ˵
ŶǾͺãȻΪ˾ˣһףҪңͲֳôˡеĵ˵
ֵĻԼô𣿶Լû
²ҿ϶ȥЩ⣬Ϊһ뵽⣬һֿ־壬ʧȥʲôƵġ
ǲʧȥһμ䡭
֪ô˵Ҳɴ͵͵ˡҶҲеڣԼô飬ǰ׷ѵġ
Ҳ˵Һദ𣿡ЦʵЦݱ˺ܿµĶҶ˵ĻشĻôĻֿµĶͻ֡
ţǰദģһǵ㿴ҾͶҪҪɱġҶ˵ͷ˵
±Ҷ˵ĻŪһеҪ޵ĸоܹԼ
ΪǰֵãҪţ˵עһ룬ô˦˦㣬ֻö㶯ˡе㲻˼˵֪ôһĻͶ㡭
ôǲǺһ㣡Ҷ˺ʵ
Ǹһ㣬ҪˣͲƭˣ˵
Ҷ˲˵ˣټ˵ȥԼĴܴѡĬ
ô˵ˣô죿¼ڲݵϣҹ֮еɫͫ໥ӳһ㣬ʱҶ˿۾Ļһᱻס
ֻǣҶûпֻǺܲ˵Ҹող˵ˣ׸ңͿԻȥˣ
תȥҶˡ
ιι£ʲô˼˵Ҷ˿ӣе㲻״Ҫȷµ˼
ˣ˵˵
ˣŸո˯ѣǳ˯˯˳ԡҶеɻ˵

˵ҾͲ˵Ҳ㣡
ǣ
ҶΪˣʹ⸽濴棬ͬʱҲЩ߳ϵģݵزܴţҲһ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ͽ˯ȥԯˣһҲˣ˽ǧ·̣ƳĻͶסˡ
һ·ܹ˵Ҳ޺ôеջģиһ㣬ֳ;ʵҲһʽ
Ҷ˯ȥ֮󣬾ͺݺݵץץݵأȥҶһţѾ˯һˣȻ˯ȥ
ˣҲû֪ȥûԺ˯ˡ
һҹ޻
峿ճǰףԭ֮ϣҶ˯һ˾һ𡭡
ȵȣһ

һУǰҶʹƣκһŮӶķӦ
һѹʱ򣬾ͷԼһů壬ůо
Ȼʱ۾ԼҶˣҶ˵ؿڣ̾ͱˣȻǸոյǸӦ
Ҷ˾µһ֮£ʼڲݵϷת˺üȻײıԵһķ


Ҷײķ֮ϣһУʹļУ¸ոյȫͬ
¿ҶӣסҪЦûУҶԼ˯ʱռˡ
ֻǣܿ¾ͷһǾҶ˺һֱ˯ǸλãԼ˯֮ǰλúĵط
Ҳ˵
ҹģ뵽ˢһºˡ
ʵҲܹ£һȻķӦԭ֮ҹеģǸʱҲûˣ˯֮еºȻģͳҶԴȥ
ʱ³˰Ժ֮⣬Ҳе֣оҶϵƺر񲻽ô򵥡
Ҳһ֣ҲΪԼĴµرģ
ף˰ôˣҶɻʵˣǳɡ
ţǳˣа˵Ҷûз״
ϴˢҶһͽԼȫȻһˮʪһԼͣЩԭҪһһˮԴ飬ô򵥵ˡ
ʱ̣ͱúܷˣ


553 ˣ3
ҪҪ㾻һ£Ҷ˿£ڵе˯˵ĸоţ˯ˣһո˯ѵ˶
ҪһϲԼͨķʽҡҡͷ˵
ǾͿһ㣬ȥŪ͡Ҷ˵ʱ򣬽һϴ̨óһˮʹá
´ؿϴ̨֪Ҷ˵Ŀռָﻹʲô߰ĶôС
ϳʲôأ̫ˣͳԽӰɣŸĻкܶࡣҶóһóһС¯ӣˮ
£ҪģǸɳԣ
ˮ֮Ҷ˷»ױⲢˮȻ˶ʱ䣬ֻҶȴˡ
ôŪŮ鷳
ϲɳԣմף˴𣿡½ͷ򵥵һβȻҶ˵ߡ
Ȼˣкü̳أҶ˵ܿŪһСӣӣ涼ˡ
ʲôа¿֮еп˵Ҷĺӻһһһӻ̣ʲôС
ǰһкܶණûУ񡭡Ҷ˿ʼһѶЩǺϡеĶǧģֻһܼӣ
Щǿģ
죬Խӣͷϳһ˿ߣҶȥû˼ֻǸ̾һ¶ѡ
ŶҪģһ㡭ӵΣףͣɢۡҶ˸һӽ֮󣬾͸ԼŪһˮȣȻϡ
¿Ҷˮȣջˣڳ˼֮󣬾ҪҶˮȡ
ҲҪԣָҶ˵롣
ûˣĶˣˮҲˡҶҡҡͷո˳㽫ʰȥˣþֻҪһϴɾˡ
ҳԼ˵˵ڵʱ򣬲ŷԼ⻰źܴ⡣
ҶеģǲǺҶ˹һ룬Ǻܵ˲ŻΪԻûе̶ȡ
Ҷһνģ飬ֻһͷԣҸ㼸ҲҳԼ
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬾Ӽµ֮еĽӣմһ֮󣬾ͷг
ءζҲܲǺöųԣųԣûŲͬζҶ˿ڳе㲻˵ֻΪĿлżСӡ
Ҷ˼ԼеĽӣ²⣬ͬȻ˵ҲҪһ̶ܳȣϾǸɵĽӣǷֿһġ
ҪҪ㡭Ҷ˽Ƶм䣬ʾȥԡ
ԾͳԣһھУҲҲͱͬԹҧҧȻҶ˸ĵ˼
ʱµе죬Ҷ˾Ϊԭе㷢ȡ
ھǺͬԹЩŮģ֮УŮһ㶼ǷֿģЩĲӡ
ôζɣŰĽû˵Ҷ˺Ժسޡ
ʲô˼С̵ĳպãûʲôϵе㲻ˬ˵Ҷ˳С̵ĸоͺڳԼ
һΣյźţ˵С֮ǲֱ˴˵ģϵǺܲ򵥵ġ
ʲôûйϵſҵţҹϵˣҶ˵
³ĬҲ˵֪СҶ˺޳ܵƭġ
Աˣʼ·ˣˣ£ҪҪȰ׸ңʱ㵽һԼաҶʰö֮󣬾飬û˵顣
ҪףȻĻ֪᲻Ūҵסҡҡͷƺһ
Ҷü룬˵ðɣǾһȥ岿䣬Ҳûʲô飬͵Ϣ°ɣ
Ȼô˵ˣҶҲˣϾ׵ˣֻҪϽԼãҪžŰɡ
ţµͷ
ҲãڵĻӦò·ˣҶЦ˵
·ʲô˼е㲻⣬Ҷ˻·飬ܶ˶ֻ֪Ҷ˹ϵеˡ
·˼ǲ֪·֪ܵʲôطҶ˽͵ֻǣƺڽ·ʵ˼
ˣԺ˵ˣûͨ
£岿ڳĸ򣿡ҶʵҺʵ£һ˵Ļڴԭ֮зֱλָ岿ʲôλˡ
Ǳߣԭǵ۹ı߾ȥǰ»û˵ʱ򣬾ͱҶ˱һ


554 ʨӣ1
»ûҶڸʲôʱҶ˵һ仰ֻҪǰľͿԣôߣʱٸң
õġУңڲҲ㱧·Ҷ˵Ļֻȴͽ޹
Ҷ˵ҶϵϢµ
Ȼ̫ܵұܿһ㣡Ҷ˵žʵж֤Ļ
»Ҷ˵Ļʲôұܿһ㣬Ҷüٶȿ֮ʱǺХķ֮ʱˣҶԼ̫ܵ
Լȷ̫ܵٶȱǧҪ죬ôܱȵϣֲһͳǧ֮ĵطԭԭıԼܵ
һпƺе㲻˼飬ٶȣʵЩ⣬ǴĿܣûһħ˲ĵط
Ҷ˰Ҷˣ㵽ŶٵܣŶ˲飡
ҶϳֵĹѾȥоϸڣҲȥˣһϰ߲ǵѡ
µԴĿҶ˵ؿڣľģҶ˵ȫʱš
𡭡һ񱩵ĺ»ѡ
ʲôףѾˣ
Ȼ֪ոչȥ˶ãԿ϶ѾˣΪϵ̫λãԵķ⣬Ҷ˴ϿʼܵҲСʱˡ
Ȼܱٶôã֮ǰΪֻһʱģû뵽ô־ã
Ȳոʲô
ʨӡ¿׷һֻʨʮֵ׳䣬һֱβҶˡ
ŷ𣿸ոѾ׷һСʱˣʨǲܸôãһƣζûСҶЦ˵
ѾһСʱˣⲻһʨӣôʨӵģԵ޹ʸôáʵһʨĻ׷ôãҲû˼
һʨӶأ뿪̫ԶͲ׷ˡ
УʨӲͨĻɫǻɫԲһֻͨʨӣпһħޡ
·ʱһСĲβͣһֱ׷ŲˣҶ˺ػش
õҶ˵ʱһ̫ܵ죬ֲʨӣֻǵһͨĶȻɫڲԭ֮вͨҶԺԸ񣬻һᵱͨġ
ǲǰһʯͷ֮ģ
ô֪ģһû˵أʱһţһΪһҶ˵

ʨǲǱģȻӿٶȣҶͻȻֺʨӸһˣеʨٶȿһ㣬ܸоʨϾȻħ
һ֪ħޣʲôû˵ħźܶ಻ͬҲܵÿʨħ޵
ħûһǱħޣûмйʨӵļأһǸոմͨҰ֮нġҶ˵
ħޣ˱ӵħѪͳħ֮⣬һ־ǴͨҰ֮нֻֽǺʵֵģʮֿ̡
¼Ұ޺ֹǧ򣬾⼸ʺܵͣҲܻܣֻħ޵ļǺܵͺܵ͵ģһ㶼ֱֱ֣ᷢħ޿ʼչԼȺ֮󣬲Żı֪
ô϶Ǳģǵڶе㲻˵ҪҶҵëҵ
ģոҲȵʨӵʱ򣬱һȺʨӣǶͨģΪҲΪʨһࡣҶҡҡͷ˵
㿴һȺʨӣôмܹȥ㲻𣿡Ҷ˵Ļ֮̾ͷ
ͨʨ׷мҲν׷һͲ׷ˣǺֻе鷳Ҷں˵
ֿˣȥǻᱻ׷ϵġ¿źʨӣٶȵı仯
٣ҲᣬץˣҶ˵ͬʱϿʼһӾ˾룬úʨӴһ£ȻֻһҲһ١
ûע⵽ֻҶ˵ĻץҶˣҶ̫ĸܼһһ㡣
ҶˣҪҷں󱳣һᱧסģܿһ㣡ھһʱ֮˵
ҪʨӦó˶ãһԣ㣬һʨʲôʽΪҵ£ⲻԣҶҡͷ˵
һû뵽ҶʱΪԼǣΪõѡ
ʵһһ£ҶǱĻѾ˦ʨˣûûн²ܡ


555 ʨӣ2
Ҷ˼һʱ֮󣬷ֺʨӾȻڼɵöʨӵһ㡣
𡭡ʨֺһ·˵Сҡ
Ҷô죬ǲǰɱˣȥܷµ˵ʨȻħޣҶȫûһΣգ¿һ˽ˡ
ǰҲó緹ˣ֪ʨζʲôġҶ˵Ц
Ļʨӻһӣ֪Լ׷ŵˣѾŰôŪóһ㡣
˵֪Ļ֪ǰ˵ʵǾһͷܣϧ֪
ͣ
ҶͻȻͣ˲һתźһڣͻȻҶһ˲ɡ
ʨӸûüӦֱײ˷֮ϣʵӦҲڶʱɣҲһײҶ˵ķڣײ߻ء
໡
ʨӱҵؽе˫۾֮УƺŲ⣬ǰΪʲôͻȻжʲôûеĲǡ
ףȻûΣʨӺܲҶ˿ʨ˵Ըոյײһ˵ħ޶һ£ʨӾȻûΣֻǳʹѡ
𣡣ʨӵӣһӣȻҲǺܺõĽ̬
ˣҪ㣬ҪʨͷʨͷҶ˿ǻʨͷڻ룬ʨͷôأ
𣡡ʨȻҶ˵ĻҶ˵һЩ뷨һЩԼ뷨
ǣںһ֮󣬱ٴܲңǱڸײһ߻ء
𡭡
ײͽ޹޹
Ұ޾Ұޣ֪ʲôʱˡ¿ʨӣеп˵
ҲӵģѧˡҶЦЦ˵˵ʱʨӲײˣѾ˽ѵ
ȻǰߣǾƹȥʨƶ뷨ƹǰĿǽֻܿͷ֣Ҳһһ޷ͨеĿǽ
ڷ֮ʨӸеΣգһֱܵĸоˣֻҲһпǽ޷ͨС
ˣѾ֮Уи֣ѾǱ֮еҰޣѾûʲôΪˣҶЦ˵
𡭡ʨڿУƺڷŭҲƺں£Ҫ֮
£֮ǰΧԵʱ˵㶼ûɱһֻãһᣬùɱҶ˵ԼĹݸһߵ¡
ţ½ӹܸɴϼ£ʨӡ
ʨһ̸еһǿҵΣգҲǱܵģҲ֪Σµģ¾ǵ˻
ѵڷݣҪʽֹµĹ
ಣ
»ںؽֱʨӶȥͨŮӣΪνİĶ֮ġ
໡
ʨСط֮ڸ޷һУ˹ؼλٶĵط
µһͲʨӵǰ֫ಿλȻģҲӰж½еڶǽ޷ܵġ
ಣ
ಣ
һһɱʨϵļԽԽ࣬ȴȻǿĻţҶ˶еȡ
µЩҪĥʨӣҪһɱʨȴһֱģȻз֮л
ʨӹȻһħޣǸ߼ħޣ֮£ҲѾˣȻܻ־ǿңûз
־ӦҶģľ֮ڹһ֮Ҳķ

û˵ֱٴһᷢǿһһԽʨ£ʵҲˣ˵һĻʨӾˡ
ֻǣʱҶͻȻֵ£˵ˣ£ȻҪţȥɣ
¿ҶһᣬȻͷ˹õģǾͷߣǼ·
СʨӣԺô壬ıŮһɺʨͷġҶ˷ſסʨӵԴʨʱѾûʲôͬʱҲȫҶ˶ʲô顣
˭ǱŮУ㲻ҪˮõϣոԼ˵Ҫɺʨͷģºǲ˵һţҶϡ
𣿡ҶһƶɵĶµһš
𡭡ʨӵţ֪ǲ˵㣬ף


556 ʨӣ3
СʨӣҰϵļˣҪһ£ܿͲʹˣҶ΢Ц˵ƺҪ΢ЦƽϢʨӵĿ־塣
ţҶ˾Ϳʼμˡ
𡭡ʨӵţʹҪʲôܿ첻ʹˣһξʹһΣ̫ˣ
ֻǣʨӵŬͽ޹ģҶѹ壬ôһֻѹţȻԼã̫ˡ
ʨʱˣԼո׷ŵˣǿֲĴڣսʤ˵ģ
ǸոǸŮˣÿ£ֱҪɱңǰ˾ͱȽϺһ㣬ˣ
Ҷڰ֮󣬱ҩʨӵƣָܻܿԭ߰˳ɣͿȫĻص֮С
߰ɣող˼βͣ㡣Ҷ˵ʨӵԴʨӵ
Ҫ˿ĻһҶʨӺѺã벻֮ǰʨӱ˴⬡
ʨҲҶ˸Ժˣʲô̬ȣѵǾͿ
𡭡

ʨӸոҪҪʾԼˣŸոտҶ˾һŽ߷ɣȫûиոѺõ̬ȡ
࣬ȻǺܿµġ
ʨڱ߳ȥ֮е뷨ֻôһ˵ĻһҶ޳ܡ
߰ɣҶر£Ȼ׼ˣʱָոձ߳ȥʨֻˣǰ
Ҷ³Ĭˡ
ҶˣʨҪǾһ̰ɡ˵гһѽ
ԼĻҲûа취ɱɣҶ˸ոǷŹʨӣʨӻǲĵĻɱʨӡ
ʱʨһҶ˴һ¡
𡭡
ʨſڵϣβҡš
⡭ʲô˼ҶЩԻʵ
ü˵ҪǣҪ
𡭡
ʨӻǼҡβͣĻֻ֪ܿϾûнӴӴһĻһѧ
ʲôҪΪʨͷ𣿡Ҷеֵʵ벻ͨʨΪʲôҪԼ
ȥֻ֪ԣʵʨӸҲһֻħ޳Ǻټġ˵
ϲ㣬ҲŲҪʲôҶ˺ֱӵ˵ʨƸ£ҪǱһЩ֪һҶ˱ħ޿ΪԼս飬ʵǺܴġ
Ҫħ޵Ŀģħ޲޼ǾԵҳϡ
ԣõһֻħһһʵӣǺܶ顣
ҶھȻôõƸ£϶úܶ˴̾ϧҪ֪½ΪǾͻޣΪʲôԼڣԼҾͺˡ
ʱҲܾͬҿɲҪĳ̫ˣŮӲʺϣֻʨӹԡ
ȻһˣҲϲôĳ
ҲһҲܲģʱⶫɱУһܽԷƥߡҶ˵ܿ죬˫۾Ϳʼˡ
ôû뵽СʨҪˣ
е㲻ؿҶˣҶ˻ҪֻҶΪʲôͻȻ֮ı⡣
СʨӣԹԵģøšҶʨӵϣˣԭΪҪʨӴ
Ҷˣ㲻ǲ𣿡ºܲӵʵҶ˲飬ն֪һҶ֮󣬾Ѿ֪
ҶʨӵëȻ˵ҲᣬһᣬʨֻҪһˣҿǲģǱȽϴģԼͿԵĿĵأҪҼԦ
˵ҲǣʨӱҲһɣԿҲʨӵϣոտʼʨӻʶȥһ£Ϊеһ¡
˭ʨһ£°˴£ѾС֮Ӱ
ҪʲôµʵкһʨӾ͹ԹԵſڵطϣµ֮¡
ţºƽʨӵıϣҶ˵ߣһץҶ˵·
£˰ɣߣҶûע⵽һĻʨӵͷȻָһ򣬡СʨӣǱܣ
𣡣ʨӺһȻʼ
ͣµһʨͣһֿ־壬Բ¡
ʨһͣҶҲסԼ壬ķӦ죬ɲһˣֻߵȴûôõķӦֱӾײҶϡ
еæңҶ˽Ӵ岿λеУӦ˵ҪĲλͦ˫塣


557 1
ʲôҶʵûиоµΣֻͣʲô
ǱǻȥķҪȥǱߣ֪Ҷһ֪Լ飬װ֪򶨵˵
СʨӣͷǱߡ
𡭡
Ҷ˳Ż岿һνˣһΣһߣҪԼܲˡ
ʵҪ߶ãֻҪԭͿҵˣΪһܼӣϲҪʨӣɾͲҪ˵ˡ

ԭı߾յı򡪡һȽϷĵطҲǺܶ彻Ʒĵط
ԭ֮Уźܶ䣬ɺϵǣҶ˾Ȼһ˶ûϣʿǷǳǳ͵ġ
Ҷ˵ģô͵ļʣײˣ
ΧһӾʿأפ۹ĵš̰Ǿţ
̰ǾǸյ۹ľţҲΨһľţڸһԭյľ͸ñȽԶ
ⲻǵλõƫԶȨƫԶ۹һٹⲿ֣Ҳһɽ߻ʵԶ
̰ǾҲеһȻڵ۹ĵţȴҪκεľţԼԼžζ
Ҳյ۹һֱҪ⣬ֻ̫࣬һֱ߼ԽԽء
յİͼڴԭһ߾ֹͣˣⱱպŵģںԣȻ˰ͼûеλ
̰ǾԼһЩʵҲûйʲôҲһֱյ۹۹ǻǻûκѱ
٣ڱûУԣ۹Ҳרȥ飬ɱľ
ȻҶûʲôϵĿǰûС
̫Ȼְֺ޵ҫŴأһɹȷӲԭ
ܲ䣬ҵǵ˭ɵطִڣһʿһˮȻűϵ߿
㲻ǵ˭ûк̨õĵطȻЩк̨бЩûб̨ģȻҪڼĸλһʿǵ˵
ûԹˣǱȱ߾ЩǰߵڻҪöˣһս֪Լܻܲȥһʿ˵
˵ҲǣҪ֪㣬Ҳÿ쿴ԭŮˣһζ
ôɫˣǾˡ
ôˣҲҪŮˣ첻֪ʲôŮҿԳûϷϷ
ϷϷ۾һ㣬ͱʲô¨
ֲ֪ǵһˣ㵱ְףǱߺиٶȺܿ졭
˵ֻʿִԭ֮гһӰӣʱƣӰҲʼŴ
԰ٶôô죿
һʼЩʿôȻٶȿ죬ҲֻǾһԵ֣ԽԽʱǾͷ֣ٶҲ̫һ㡣
ʲô
ǲŷ֣ԼȵĲյģԶԶǣ
ڿӰڼ֮⣬ת֮ͳԼǰǸʱЩʿȾٶȱ֮еĻҪ죬ܿ죬ǶٶϵľȣϾתƵһ档


ѽ

ʿĶǷӦʮֵǿңҸиĲͬΨһͬǣǶˣǶһľ롣
κ˿ⶫʶĽ䱸ұְȫ룬Ϊⶫһֻޣһǰ֮ʨӣһֻɫĸߴʨ
һֻʨվǰκ˶еѹͨСϰѾŵˣЩʿȽϲһûӡ
ţֻһ֣һֵģѾܵöƶԼǰ棬ʱ̽䱸š
ʣʲôط
һһԣһ׺͵ڳֻע⵽ʨӵˣʼע⵽飬˵ʨϵˡ
һ꣬һŮ
ڷۣЦһֺȻĸо˾һиУϴһȽϳĶߵװϵһȽر𣬲ϵȵĳС
ע⵽һĻһܲ²һ򵥣ͨĹ壡
ͬʱŮͱȽᣬҲֱɽ͵ģֶκκ˶ȽϵȻ͡
ŮҲһӵһͷڷĺڷǹỬβҲһó㷢
겻ͬǣŮͫǺɫģɫǱȽټģһ֮Ǿµ٣ֱòɷ
һ𣬸һֽͯŮĸо˺òĽ


558 2
ڴҲûĽôʨ֮ϣͲĽͯŮأ
ȻҶˣѾǵڶˣԭֻʱ䴩Խм仹Ϣʱ䣬Ҫ֪Ļ֪𺳡
ͬʱҶҲʨӵĽ⣬ȷܲԼǲ֮󣬾Ͳ²ˡ
ʱҶƺеҪʨӵ˼ҲҪԼ岿˵Ҫ椿ҫһ¡
ʲôˣôһֻʨһʿսսʵ
򰡣·Ҷһ䣬Щʿ˵Сʨҵǲú£ǲ˵ģ
ʲôˣҶ⻰ˣһԶ뿪
Ǳ˵ˣ˵ͺ˵˲ˡеû˵
ʵȷˣҧҧ˵ġҶ˴˵ԼĻû⣬ֻǡ
ʲô
ЩøԶˡ

ĺĺ˵
Ǳ£ʨӲģֻҪڣǲµġҶ˰οЩ˵֪Щں£ֻ֪ԭΪ
Ҫǲأʵ
ô֪ʱ򿴿֪ˡҶ˺ʵػش

ԣʱ򿴿ǸʱҪأѵҲ˵
ˣǽǰɣҶҲûкЩ˵ȥ˼ֱʨӽȥֻǣôǡ
ʨӲǣҪ˾Ͳˡһʿֹ
ܿҶҪҪʨӵĵǱȽѵģΪʨпܻ˵ģ˭Ҳұ֤Ҳʨӽ
ǻῴŵģĺˣ˵СʨӻͦԵģġҶ΢Ц˵
УҪ˸𣡣ʿ˵һӣ֪װĻС
˵ҲûеǾɣȦҶ˽һܻȦСʨӵĲϡ
ţԣʿͷ½֮ϣһ𹤾ߣǳȦԽҰ޵ǺܶϲõĶֻǴĳ
СʨӶȦĳеԻ󣬲ҲνˣΪȦëסˣӡһıҲûС
Ǿͽȥˣλ˼ˣҶ΢Цţڳ˵ǸȻ׼ȥ
ֻǣƺǲ⡣
ҪȥУ㻹û˵˭Ϊʲôһʿ֣Ҷҿ˵
ûǿ£ûпҶˣ˫ɫԵ۾Ѿڸߴңͼ
ֱʿֿԼ֣ǲǱˣֲˣô˵ҲһŮӣǺܰԼġ
ҶʱҲû˵ˣʨӵëΪš
һʱ֮䣬ͱðǸʿеΡ
ιι㻰أʿеŭ
ں˭˵Ҷ˿ʿеֵʵ
ں˵Сӣںװɵ𣿡ʿŭˣоԼˣˡ
ûողǿһΪں˵˵ǾӦÿҰҶ˺˵ò֪𣿡
ڳ˶һǶҶˣˣΨ֪Ҷֻ˵ʵ
СӣǲǻòͷˣȻˣңʿŭ
ˣ㣿ûаҸոڽò˵ӦÿңӦȥ£ǺܲòΪҶٴ
ң㣬ҪֻһúõĻһԷһ·ȻĻߺߣʿγҲʼȫһåӡ
ߣһǲмӣľǰʿľˡ
ʲôҶʿҪʣΪʲôҪ˵Լһ·
ʿҶѯԼʲô˵ǣŮһϣ͹ˡ
¼ߵ⻰ȻǺᣬȴ˵Ķ֮УȻǲ˿𣬾ŮҲһ
жʱҶַˣҪԼԸԸˣ㲻Ӧҡ
ԭһСµˣȻԼŮˡ
Щ˵Ҷ˵仰ʾЭȴ֪Ҷµ˼ǺЭ


559 3
С㣬㿴ˣûУ㻹ǸǣһĶֵ֮ϣҪʲôǾͿԸʲôʿЦţñӵҶˣţ˵
⼸࣬һҪµ˵ûһӣνǿŭ˭Ҳ
£ǰ𣿡Ҷʵ
㻹ûпҪԼݣǿѹͨƽǸոڵϷңôôҲҶ˼¡
Ϸող˵𣿡Ҷ˿ʵ
ڵϷһŮһϣǻʲô飿µ˵ûΪѾϰˡ
죬ȾƣϷ𣿡Ҷ˺ܵûӵ顣
Ҫ˯㶮ûֱ˵ھϰˣЩСϲûС
˯ôˣҲǻһ𡭡Ҷ˵ʱµˢһ¾ͺˣû뵽ԼνܣʵԷҲ֪
ҪȥֹҶ˵ʱȴҶ˵Ŀڷһתף԰ǱȽ컹ԣЩˣڵϷ㣡
֪˵ô죿кΣҶˣʱôôٶۡ
ɱǣ񲻺ãһ٣һѵȽҶ˿Щʿ˵
һ涼˭û뵽Ҷ˾Ȼǵ׸⣬Ȼǵ˵Ҫôǡ

ʱڷӦ֮ЩʿЦһЦ
ЦʲôѵŰҪ㣬͸ˡҶ˴ʵ
Сӣ˵ЦʵǺЦǶԸʱ򣬻΢飬ֻ㣬ɱ㣡ʿ֮зЦ
ͬʱһ߿ŵ·ǣͰҡͷΪ˳۵ĽͯŮϧôЩˣЩѹյ
ЩسǵʿķǺܺãǵ̬ȾͿ֪
Ҳǻῴ˵ģǱȽǵ˶ȥǣҶʱȴǸоܺ۸
Ҳûа취飬Ҷֻˣûκεӣϵ·Ȼϵȵģ˶ϲעˣԸϲͻе͵
ټΪ·糾͵ӣ˵ĴǱȽƽ񻯵ġ
Ҫ˵ʨӣȻе㲻ͬҲƽҰޣЩץĻѱģΪġ
ˣʨӲûЩʿݲ򵥣ֻ˻ѱʦ֮µְҵţµְҵ
ҿɲ˵ЦģУЩǴ򲻹ǵģ£˵԰ɡҶЦŶµ̬ǵЩʿΧ߶е֡
ѵز¶
ҪҶǰɣһˡµ˵һνӣϾϣûʲô⡣
Ǽߣʲôԣʿʵе磬κһ˶пһ߻ħʦʱһЩ־С
ЩʿҲԿȻҶ˿ͨˣߵӣǾҪȷһ¡
⵽˲޿֣һҪ˵
ҲߣԵģ£㼸Ҷҡҡͷȷһߣûп˹
ԡ»ش˵ǿ˵Ļҵȷֻ߼Ǽǰ飬⼸ھУûʲôʱȥ
һǣһ㶼弶ģϴа˼Ը񣬻ֵ顣
ʿпʼţǾҶ˾ǲСţ
ԭλСߣôᣬһиߵĳɾ̰ͣǾţһԳͷءСӣһȥȻ߶ǣһԵķ
ǰλûǰ;ġ
һʱ֮ʿҶ˵ıӹ֪Ҷ֮󣬾͸ӵ޼ɵˡ
½֮ϣԵǿϰ似ħûʲôɾ͡
ҲҰܹҲûа취顣΢Ц˵ǵƤؿһҶˡ
ʱϤĻһ۾ǲõ¾ȻҲôƤһ档
ʲô
ڳ˶סˣô뵽Ҷ˵ĹϵȻ¾ȻҶ˰ġ
ʱЩʿо͸ˣȻǰģԼǿԸ˳ˣ
Сˣ
ƺû뵽¼ȻߣҶʲôǣôܰ£ԸҶ˲ʲôǵķ


560 СħŮ1
С£ڣ㲻µģһСץϳͲʿ֮˷Դǣڳǡʮֵıӣ
˭֪ҪʲôԼôʲô
ȻǰˣҺܺãҪöˡºǲм˵
ʿһΣԼȻȰ˻Ҫ
һΧŵƽдʹ죬ǳ֧µ˵Ƕ֪ҪЩǽһǺġ
λС㣬ǿ̰ǾŵģҪǣ˻ҪŹ
ֻ̰Ǿŵеһܴ̰Ǿţ̰ǾҲа֮࣬ǰ˵ˣǰࡣ˵ûκεĲ
ҪС椷ϻˣֵǵζЩƦѾʼ˺ˣҪֱӲġ
£˵ʲôζҶʵ
죡һ߿ţºȵһԾνֱӽո˵ıƦֱۿϡ

ֱ۷Ѫⳡ˶סˡ
û뵽һľŮӣһ־ͼѪֱӽ˵һֱֻնϡ
֪±һѪˣûɱѾǲˣ۹УξѵһС˵Ҳκε⡣
ͬʱҲһ㣬ǰС椲򵥣ֻǣȴûзϣǾԼƷС椡
һߣողԼЩ˲Сģ͵Ϯɹѡ
£ͣһʮһˡҶһ߼ͺȲʣ޼ɵصͷ
֪ѣһ˵ţһһһƦıϣһնյһֱۡ
һҽС
ոô£ǿûУ˿ʼеˣΪǷԼµĶ˵µʵҪǺܶࡣ
ûУ̫ˣС椿
ҵȣ
һжһȱնϣһ־˶ֶϽŵģʮֵ׺ΪЩ˵ϷԵʡ
̫ӲǺϴ󡭡֮ѾˣԼʮ˸ȫסµĽ
ǣǾ뵽ԼϴǶ֮еϴ󣬲˵̰Ǿ߽졣
Ҫߣµʲôߵ𣿡²ûߵһĶԷ֫ȫĲзϡ


ҽ֮ﲻµĻѾѪȾ˺ɫ
̫ˣŮʵ̫ˡΧ۵˿ǿвһ㣬ʮ˵ֽնϣﶼеëëġ
£ôӰŮӵ󡣡Ҷһ߽е
ҵˣ˦ϵѪһԾʨӵϣ׼Ҷ뿪
߰ɣСʨӡҶµʨӣʨϰԵһȻ񱼡
Ҫĵ̫磬̰ǾһᱨһϽŵıƦʱеͬʱҲһ԰ס
Ѫô࣬ɫ԰ײŹˡ
ǻƣѪˣġҶ˵ûκεͣʨѾԶȥˡ
µȻܴɢȥֻʮֶϽŵıƦΧȥĻһ鷳
ȵפʱ򣬿ЩʿôңֿΧۣǽһǻǨŭЩΧߣʱǳʧ꼰㡣
õ꣬Ψһõ꣬ͬʱҲΨһľ¥ҶֻЪϢ
õ֮ԳΪΨһģҲΪĵطƫƧûһҵҪԭõĹģܴһҲڴеõꡣ
ˣҶ˿֮󣬾ͱñȽ˷ˣϲĴõ꣬ͿԸ߶ѡ
õûҶʧӵ͵ߵѶУʲôˣҵʵġ
ҵ￴ˣιһ㶫ҶõӦ˵ž½С
⡭⣬ôŪӦЦݵĽ»ʨӵʱҪˣҲӿ
ӴֵܶĳʨӻǵһΣ
ιԵģ᲻Ҹˡ
û취Ϊ˹ҲֻӲͷƤˣӦûа취սսشʨȥ
ڵʨѾʵܶˣֻҪû˴̼ǲµġ

Ҷ߽õ֮УһȽ徲λȻ㿪ʼˣ˾ͺһͨÿһ㡣
˵Ļʱһ뿪Ƿ֮أȻĻͻᱻ֮ǰβץסȴʲô鶼ûзһ
ܿ죬Ҷ˵ķ˵ˣ˾ͺĿʼ˶ûй˼ɶԷȻҲڡ


561 СħŮ2
֪֪ոڷһ飬иСｫʮʿˡһ˽ҵԼ֮˵
ʲôϢ˶һ
ҲЩʿù˼СƯҪ⣬û뵽һСħŮû˵仰ֱӿˣȫǱնֽš
̸ʱ򣬾벻ǾǸ
СħŮ£ºźʺ㰡ҶЦ˵
ߣӡ
СħŮЩ˼˵
֪ǸСһ˰ɣѵ˼ұȻǼƦûʲôʵô˵˼Ҳ̰ǾŵġƬط̰ǾţҪջϻҪأ
СºĻֻҶƺţⲻʺ㣬ףҲӢ
Ҷеŭˣ˭˵Ҳ׵ģ㿴Ƥ𪣨ʱҶָԼֱ۴ĵطȻò˰Ҳһ˧磡
˧磿ѵʵĶڱ𣿡¹Ȼ֪˰˭Ҳöһܺõˡ
ûУ˧磬ȥʱϵˡҶҡҡͷȻ׼ȥʱϵˣ˼Լǲ˧硣
Ȼǿ϶ģҶ˾㳤ò˧Ҳӵ˵һǣҲȻ˧ǲܶ࣬ҲǿƺΪһ˧
ңҶ˻صǱʣҪȥһ£ǾһУԷǧŮ
ֻǣһϲ硭
˵ǸСħŮ£ǸСʲô֮Уۣ֮ǰԼ֣ҶҲһֱֲ֣ܣܿͱˡ
֪ûнܹ
˵ҶƺˣԼûбԼ֡
£˵ҪҪҶƺ֪Լﱻ
ҪҪ˵
ΪʲôҶ˲ʵ
˵֣Ǳһµǣ㱨һǱ˾ͻҲҡ¼򵥵˵
ŶҶ˵ͷӦ
öеˣƽʱԺģӦģһûнͣôˡ
ʲôģ֪Ȼ֪ǵ˵üһʼͲ뵽ң¼Ҳֹһ˽֣Ҳ뵽㡣
ǻһüΪʲôһüαضһ٣òǣҲң㲻㣡Ҷ˽͵;µ뷨
ûʱ㻹ͦġ¿ҶˣҶ˲Ժʱ򣬻еССĴ
ǣҶ˺ǽ˵
㻹治¿Ҷӣеû˵
ʲôҲ֪Ҷ˵ֿʼԶˣһߵҲһ˺ĳԷȻȲ졣
Ҷˣǿˡ
ڹȥһʱ֮˵ʱЩӦòˣٲߵĻҪЩ˾ˡ
ߣȥǽҪס𣿡Ҷ˻һûⷢʲô顣
еﲻЩ˻ģȻǲ£е鷳ǵ·̣
Ŷ߰ɡҶӦ
ԣµͷ
ͻȻеˣԼǱҶ˰ܹģڵԼڰ顣
ߣΪߵ𣡣
ҶſڵʱѾ˽ſڶסˣЩѾˣ֪һЩʲôˡ
ܣҶʱش

ȻʻƺҪش
Ǿóǵıҿô뿪һվǰ˵
Сʨ뿪СҵСʨǣҶ˻ǻش⡣
Ҷ˵һشöԷɫˣǾҶװɵϷˣǣǣŭˣϴСˣǣҪΪǱ𣡣
ףֺ˰֮ҲиҽʦҶһӾϳ˵˾类һֵֻıƦ
ߣǱƦһǲˬӡ
ǲǾû𣿴ˣӷȻֱָܻһճ黹Уյɱ˾ͲˡҶ˿ǱƦ˵
Ϲ˵һСӶʲôǾҽ˵ˣֻҪúˣǿԺһǱƦҶ˵Ļ֮󣬾˵Ȼҽʦûнĸ
Ϊƻһ˵Ը˰Щ˵ʧȥġ


562 СħŮ3
ǺһҸող˵ˣճǿԣҶٴ˵
˵Ҿɱ㡭
ˣ˵ˣģҽѾ˵ˣ⼸ѾǷˣ֮ȥڣҲԻؼ˵ûжٸڡ
ϴ󡭡ǱƦסˣû뵽ԼָֿԹյ
ģǵ飬ǻֻأһ⳥˵
ϴ󡭡
Ҷ˵ˣֻعǻĥߴʲôе㲻ͷ˵
ϴ󡭡
˵ˣ
ϴ󣬲а˵аСӺСѾ׼ʨˣ
Ӳŷ֣ҶѾٻʨϣҲѾˣ׼ˡ
⣬⻹ûаǷ
ûУǿ϶ûе飬Ҷ˴ӿʼھһֱЩ˵ĴڣԣЩ˵ʲôûȥֱȥٻʨˡ
վסһ֣һȺʿǰͽҶ˸ΧҶ˲òǰˡ
˼㵲סҵ·ˣÿҶ˺ò˵
³Ĭ
ҵþ·鶼û˵꣬Ҫ𣿡
ʲô飿Ҷе㲻⡣

ţ˵ôõ飬СӸ֪˵ʲô
ߵŮ罫ǵ˸ˣʲôأӿҶˣһȻԵõӣֱȽյˡ
ʲôлҶ룬Ȼ˵Ҿǻã
涼ð˭û뵽Ҷ˻˵⻰ͺһ㡣
أӵѾʼ䣬ܿҪӡ
룬ˣǲǺˣҶһ֮󣬸һƽޣȴʿǻ޵Ļ

һʱ֮䣬ضðˣܰܰ
ϴ󣡡
Сͳ
Сˣأϻˣȶ˫˫ţ
һӣʿ֮бŭ֮
Ȱ̰Ǿſǵ۹ľӣǲЩΥΥ顭ǸӣҲСͳһӣ˵˺Ŀס
⻰ʱһЩԶΧ۵ȺڶݺݵţĻ¾̫ƽˡ
ʱ˺ǵ
ôһʼͿΥΥͣңʲôкϷҶֱʵ
Сͳ
ð˵úðȺǵڻš
СӣƺͷСͳͻȻ˵
һһ㣬ҾһС˶ѡҶ˵ôҪҵĻҾͲҺͷ

ʱ˵ǰǾ仰͹ˣǶģ
ΪϤҶ˲Ż֪Ҷ˵ģúĻǶģ˾ͲһˣǾҶˣǣװɵ
һСˣҲְɣһ£մСͳҧҧҶ˵֮˵
ҽСҶ΢Ц˵
ִ˶֪Ǽٵģ־ǼٵģȴûǸ˼Ҳν
£ǡ
ǽܣϽ㣡Ҷ˻ص
±̼һ£Լǽ㣿Ͻ㣿
ĻҪҶ˴һ㣬ȻǺܶ࣬޷ıģԶܸıġ
һֱƺûпǹ⡣
㲻˵ǰˣ𣿡СͳԴ˾е㲻ˡ
û˭涨ܾܵͲܰܽ㣬һ׷ģֻҪͻҶ˵ڵӾϷ롣
Сͳûл˵ˣΪҲ˵һЩǽ֮Զ޷ʧġ
ˣҵĸ磬ٺЩ˷ϻˡе㲻ͷ˵˵ҵĸʱرˡ
ҲǣЩе㷳СʨӣߣҶµĻʨӡ
𣡡ʨһŭ𣬷ǿҵƣñϵ˶ʶһ£ʱʨһԾֱǽ񱼡

׷СͳŭеԼӱҶȫ̤ˣΪҶ˴ʼնûۿ¡
һΣ㲻ΪԼĲһسӣҲҪΪԼһӣ
ֻǣЩô׷ʨӵĽŲܿͱ˦ˣҪ׷ЩڿʨӵʱͿʼ£ڱʨӺһ£ŵõͷܡ
ЧҶûģԺҪ׷ҲûʲôˣΪᱻʨӺ


563 ҽҩѣ1
سţ
Сͳ˹صţȻһ򣬵ȴһ򣬷ǺǿģκεĴС
£ŹˣǲҪȥϢҶ˿Žյʱ򣬾Ҫȥסޡ
ҪǱСͳĻһᱻѪΪҶûнϡ
߾ߣⲻҶڵ̬
ôȥǻǴعȥɡ»ش˵ҲҪȥĻͲ£Ҷˡ
أðɣⲻϷġ
㻹˵ʲôϷжǺϷģƭңңϷ𣿡µĶͷֺߣҶ˵
Ϊ㿼ǰҺϷϷʲôϵұյĵˣķɣ㲻һյسУξҶ˵µʱеʲô
һ㶣û뵽Ҷ˾ȻΪԼǣ⡣
㲻ÿңǱܵһƱ鶼Ӱ쵽ҡ˵
ŶͼˣʨӳȥҶڵõµĻ֮󣬾;ʼӲˣֻǣʱزס
˵ҶʱֻԼĻǴȥǼļ򵥣ʱ£鷳ʨӡ
ʱҶ֮żٺǸСͳܣȻȨǸСͳ
ʿǧһСͳֻǹٸ˶ѣ滹дͳƫǧ˵쵼˾פ
յ۹һ֮еľְΪ鳤Сӣʲʮˣٷ򳤣ˣСͳˣͳһǧˣƫǧˣǧˣһˡ
ϵĻϽ󽫾Ԫ˧Ԫ˧Щûй̶ǱȽĴڸŵľ߲֮С
µУξһϵͳֱڻʵ۵ϵͳЩ
ȻͬʱҲǧϵפ˵Ҫԡ
ʨӣôɰҶʨӵԴепʱǰôˣһʱ֮뵽ɳȥ
𡭡ʨ𣬲֪ǲڱԹҶ쿪
ǰôʿһҪصӣҶ˾͸ɴ˴أ˵һ£ҲܷԼȥ
һҲûʲô⣬ܱȴɱɱҪã
Ҫ𣿡Сͳ׷Ҷ˲ˣΪҶѾˣˡ
ӣҴûӹսתơҶڻصǸСͳ˵Ļᣬֱӵٴ˵˿ţҲǾȥ
ҪҿҲУҪ⳥µʧһ˾һǧңʮ˾һҵҿѣһ壬ͿˣСͳЦ˵ԼҶӦǸģҶ˻ۣһЩ
ԭҪǮģ˵һǰɡҶ˺ֱӵӳһĽƱڿԸÿ˰ɡ
ǮҶ˵ǽһֶѣҲϲǮոյľ͵ǸЩ˵ҽҩѣô˵¿ʮˡ
СͳӹǷĽƱסˣΪƱǻʵģһҡ
ոôɵ׳ȥȫһҵ£Բͨ꣡
ֻǣĻǾ͸ˣ
ιιÿҶָǰʿ˺
λүҸոֻ˵Ǯ뿪λ㲻ԡСͳҶЦ˵úܶ࣬Ǯ
ΪʲôҶ˲ʵһߵؿš
ΪҵֵܡСͳƺҪҶˣǺصġ
ҸոѾҽҩѣӦýˡҶ˵ûԷֻǲԼĹ۵㡣
ҲˣʹĽ̫ˣ˵ֽſϡСͳеĺζ
ǻã̬ȣǰҲɹƵ飬ǲǵĵһܺˣҲһԣҽͰֽſϣûٻƽաҶֱӻشƽûвͺ˵һƽ飬ͬʱҲһƽʵ
Ҷ˵Ļ֮͸ее㾪ȣȷģ˼ȴûи߹Ҷˣô֪Լʲôأ
ѵ˵Ѿˡʲô
ʱĪһ죬һ߹עе㲻ףոʲôģ
ǴˣͷҲӦ̰ǾԼ飬ӦСͳ˵


564 ҽҩѣ2
ڸô죿ǲҪһҽҩѣҪ٣㾡ܿڡҶ˿Сͳ˵
ʱس˳Ҷˣ˵ܼҲҪǣǶһЩ࣡
ҶЦЦûлش£ǼСͳȴĴ𰸡
СͳڷţڵҪһǮ£ҪʨӴ󿪿ڣ
Ҷ˸ոýҵ̬ȣ˵һͨ꣬϶űģǲԼǵģҪǵĵط
ǣȻǵõһôˣҪټȥǵȻҪǮեɡ
ˣǼ
Ͼƽһд˷
СͳһһľҪȥΪΪʳ顣
ֻҪϵǮǣȻĽһҹҾǰȫȥСͳЦſ£µɫκһĶѡ
ҲӦٸһҽҩѣҶЦ˵óһƱֱҹȥ
ɵ˰ǸǾԲưոݵģºҪҶһ£ոյһƱӴ򹷡
ǺǣǲǶ˵еɵ𣿡ҶЦ˵
ɵɵÿɰԺͲҪˡЦЦʱˣҶ˾ˣʱʲôأȥɡ
ʱҶͻȻЩ࣬˵£ЩǮҪģȻҵĹȥ
е㲻⣬Ҷ⻰ʲô˼
λӣǲġСͳе̰ؿҶˣһҶ˼Ǯӡ
ҶҡҡͷЦ˵ˣǵҽҩѾ㹻ˣ
ģҵʮ˻мҪǮġСͳ˵Ǯɱ˫ۡ
ˣʮˣİʮˣÿ˿ԷֵʮһжġҶ΢Ц˵
İʮˣ⻰ʲô˼ôˣСͳеɻ
ǮҪµ˫ۿʼˣѾҶ˵˼ʼе˷ˣҶ˵͡
ǲ𣿡ҶָָǰЩʿ˵

СͳһĬܿҶ˵˼СӣˣңΪ˭İٶˣܱȫ𣿡
Ҳܣȫ˿Ҷ˵š
ʱСͳͿʼеЦ⣬Ҷе֪֪Լ⻰ԲֻǣܿĻ
ֻҶ˼˵ȫΪǲÿŪģһӱ
ģΪԼ˭ֵǣСӣСͳŭˣȻһ£ϵʿʼɱҶˡ
һ㣡Ҷ˳ǸСͳЦȻ׼óɵǸֻǣʱȴס֡
ңЩ似߼ҲСһ仰֮󣬾Ͱνǰ温ȥǸСͳ
µԸϲľľа࣬ǸոСͳȻ˵ҪһҹǶĵЦǸСͳǲˬġ
²ҶƷǲҪҶ˵ݰ¶
Ǿùãмǧ֧Сʨӣ㿪ЩȫĵطҶ˾ڻʨӵıϣȻһһ


һӣҽ֮ʼһֱϣ˺ܾúܾãһЩ˶ʼΧ
ǿǾʱ򣬶ˣû뵽˾Ȼֱս̰ǾţȻֻмˣԷҲֻ˰
˰˾ȻܽɱԼȴ磬˶û˵
ǸŮľǴ˵еСħŮɣȻ紫˵֮еܱѪȣ֮һƬѪ
Ѫ֫ɡ
СħŮԲߣģ˭Ϣ˵ôǿǾżϣ
УСħŮԲͨߣ˺ÿһжʧȥжģһûеģŮ߸С
Ǹ꣬ߣ߻ҪѲǼ̫ˣÿһһʧȥжһ˫񣬲˫ˡ
ļ񣬰ǵ뷨Ҳᷢôǿᱻ˸Χ϶м䣬ʱǽˣʱٸҲǷ
ȴһֻʨӣڿԿ϶ⲻͨʨӣͨʨӣôô˵Χ׷½֮Уȥ
Բͨģ


565 ҽҩѣ3
ץֻʨӾѾǺˣӦʨϵǾ͸ӳʱƣץԽԽ٣ΪЩ˶Ѿˣڵϣǽ֮ϡ
Ҷʨ治ļǾǿµĴڡҲ棬а˵
ˣѾɱСͳǰȫȾѪӣɱʮ㡣
ҪҪɱңСͳŵغѾµɱŵˡ
û˵ֱһСͳĺѪ쭷ɡ
СͳˣСͳˡ
ڿСͳ֮ЩʿʼףҶ˶ԿѾɱĺһصİ֮ǵĸӺ¡
ǵҽҩСͳϣԺ۾һ㣬ҽСħŮҶһ仰ʨ뿪ˡ
¶Ҷ˵ĻֻûذһۣȻûҶˡ
Щ˰ʿп鷢ΧǣںҶ˵仰ǾСħŮƺ΢һ㣬Щʿ󲿷˵ġ
ҺСħŮˣЩʿ󲿷ֶǱˣΣգǼµߣºûһģֻһʱɡ
ž
ۡ鷿֮Уһ˺ݺݵһ°ϵıˣİΪܷŭ
˵ʮŮİٶ˸ˣһñɱǵСͳ
ǡվڰǰСҺΨΨŵŵػӦš
ǶǷ𣿣ƽʱѵȥ̰ǾЩʲôİٶˣȻ˻ˣ˼飬űǵС˻Ǽŭ
С˵ֳĬ
֪֪Ϊʲôͻʵ
֪Ķ˵ΪСħŮʮֵֽܵţСͳų档СȻ˵ǣͬʱҵҽҩҲû˵
ߣ˭ɱҵˣôˣ鲻ôˣɱˣ̰Ǿŵľ͵Ȼ޴ˣ˵ټ׷Ů
ǣ
Ĳӳˣȥ׷ɱѾԶȥҶˣûطĲԮΪǾºܶˣЦ
ĿҶˣΪǾҶֲǿҲǵؼףǾؼҲһ
Ⱥ񲿶֮У˾ż߱ȱȽǣ̰Ǿ֮УҲ̫Ͼ
Ҷ˲֪׷٣֪Щ˾Ȼ˲ģһɳ񲿶ӣҪԼһξɱ
֮£ֲҶģҵҽҩѣ⻻κһطľӶὫƽϢ׷ȥֻǻὫҶΪܻӭˡ
Ϊ뷨Ҷ˺Ȼڣڱһ·֮󣬾һСɽϣСϪڸӪ
ϵѪҪϵģҶϵҲϰģǸʱǴܾʨӣͬʨӣȻһ
ѪѾҶ˵ľŪˣ˳㻹˼һʨӽϵණˣҪȥϴ衣
Ҷʱȴѹ·СϪϴ裬Ȼڿûѣûôš
ڿҶӣҲǺɬıܿߣŪ׼Ϊ͡
ʱͻȻһִ·Ҷ˻صΧԵǸʱ⣬Զ޷ǵʱ⣡
˵ǸʱҶ˲ΪƭԼĶԼôõĻǸжãϧǣǸоǺܺá
ôˣѵϲ쵰ܣǺ
ߣߣһʯͷʹӳȥӽ֮УһȺ
ۡ££쿴쿴Ҷ˷ܵȻ´˼лѹ
ôˣ°ҪҶ˲ˬһ£ڿҶ֮;Ϳʼˡ
⡭⡭
ʲôСֵģһ㣬Ȼⲻһͨ㣬һ㣬һܴܴ㡣
Ҷʱ򣬱ʱ򣬾Ȼܽ嵲ס
ɣҶ˺˷ܵ˵
ôץģ¾ʵոҶ˿ûץ㣬ֻˮϴѡ
ٺ٣ԼιģӦ֪ҶӶˣԶҶ˵⣬ȥо
ǰǰ֮ӣ֮ӣǸôأЦʵ


566 ɱ䣨1
ͷ
ôĹ𣿡²ʵ̫ˣͷȻҲһĹװ¡
ģУҶóһǺܴ󣬾ŽȥҲ⡣
ٴ˵ӻϰ塣
ܿ죬Ҷ˾Ūһôʼͷ𣬼ӵ֮ҶȥҵµĲһ¡
ͬʱͷʱҶһߺܿ촦㣬޹ǣгһƬƬȻڻϿš
֮ͷ㣬ʺܲһƷ㡣
ܿ죬Ҷ¾֤һ㣬˳ſ⣬մŴζֱ̫ˣͷҲɿڡ
ˣҲֻһС֣ͷ⻹кܶʣ࣬Ҷ˾װ˿ռָı
һٻԼԣֱ߳Ϊֹ
ʱ⣬˯ģȴҶɽˣΪҪҶԼһԲ֮ҹȻԽԽá
ȻҶ˵һһûӰģǲ࣬ȴͬ⣬һҪɽϿ
Ҷ˵ʱ˵ҪȥԼȥҲȥ
¾˵ˣҿģÿң
ҶˣԼǰ˰Ǳķ
Ҷ˻Ǳȥˣɽ֮ϣһʯ֮ϣ˺ܾúܾõ
Ҷ˲֪ãΪѾȥԯȥˣ¾ͿҶϣҶ˯ˣֻҪҶ߾ͺãҪô򵥡
ҹԽԽ²û˼ȥҶ˵ϳ˯ȥˣһο϶Ҷ˾˯Ҳһů
е㺦£ԼϲָоʱҪ뿪Ҷ˾ͻøˣ
ҲҪϲҲҪ
˼½磬УƺεԼҶһǣ֣İһ𡭡
𣡡һŭ
Сʨӣˣš
𣡡ٴεͺ𡭡
¾ˣܸоʨӵŭΣգеΣ٣Ұ޻ħޣΣյĴҪ
۵ʱ򣬾Ϳʨɽµͺһ䱸̬
еˣüʱѾܸеڿԼһ
СɽѾ˰ΧˣԼѡɽǸԷõİΧᣡ
Ҷˣѣ°νҶ˵ߣһŽҶʯͷ˯Ķ֮£ӦҲˡ
ʱȻ飬ķʽҶˣҲ֪ҶûµģΪˡ
ֻǣºǾķ֣Ҷڵ֮󣬻һûȻ˯֮С
⣬ʲô˰
ףôееѣΣУҶԯ֮Уڻƴոöԯһ
˵ܾŤһûһֵ̬Сڴһ
ҺãУȻĻԯʥŮһ˴۾ỳǸʥŮ
ԯϲоѾ׼ʵ֮ҶԣȻ棬ڹ뷿֮С
ôˣԯͣѹԼϵҶˣʵ
涯ңˣûʲô顣Ҷ˵ȻԯŤ򷭹
ѾǵԼΪʲôԯǰΪԼһˣԯŤһȻԯû¾ԼŤһ𣬺һسһ
Ҷ˾ãԼĳӻᱻһûӰǣ;ԯһʱ˫ҧԷ
ҺãЩУʹҲκεĺۼ
ףΣգԯ㣬ˣҶͻȻһ飬Ȼһ䣬뿪ξ˵Ҳѹˡ
Ҷѹʱ򣬾ͿԼǰµסڱԼӣԼΧźܶܶˣҸǸ֡
Լ񱻸ָΧˣ
ôһ££ȥз˰ɡҶе㲻ڵôһӣһŵ¸ɵĺ¡
ȥŭصף𣿡
ţˣô˸ѵġҶ˵ͷŮǻǻˡ
˵һΣЩֲģ»ͷŭҶˣһҪ˵ӡ
ѵңܣЩ˶ˣҪŮ˵ĻҾͳҡҶ˵
³ĬСʲô㻹ûи˼һΪ


567 ɱ䣨2
˵ûУ㣬ǲСħŮ£һ˳˵֮ǰۡŭˡ
ȻǳġҶ⻰֮󣬾Ϳ϶Щġ
죡ŭ
ҶסͣһҲ˵ӡ
¿ҶҡҡͷȻתͷ˿ʼ̸
˰ɣµʵ֮ûκεĿ־壬ǧ־οôˡ
СħŮȻҾˣ̰ǾšˣҲˣ䵭ؽԼ
֪ʲô˼ΪʲôҪǰΧҲ䵭ʵػܵľӢʿ
ߣҪ˵𣿡ߵµ䵭е㲻ϰߣ̫ˡ
ͽ̣µ³֣ǵı飬û˾е㾪ȡ
оܶˣָоˣһ㶼սĴ󽫣ϵĸое㲻ǰСħŮ¡
Ŷ갡ǶʮͷЩ˶ϰʮģǾʱܴﵽСħŮȻĸо̫˼ˡ
ô˵СħŮԲһˣ
һߵǸ꣬ûΣգ֪ǲģôǿļ
ǴôˣһɱһСͳǾôǲĻ뱨ǵǻԿǿǡ˵ͬʱҲڴ̽Ҷ˵ݡ
СħŮ¸ĸо̫ˣòѿеͻ¡
ңһܵˡ²˵ʲô뱩¶ݸҶ˴鷳
ܣ˭һ㶣飬û
ңҰһˣҶֵ̾
ܹ𣿡Сʵ
ţһٵİˣǹģҶ˵ͷ˵һ˵Ļ
˻٣ǹ޳ܵģ
Ȼ˵Ļֻý˵֪Ҷ˲˵ԼݣҲνץסҶȻҲ١
ȵȣҶƽһֻ֣
ʲô𣿡˺òĸоúݡ
һ⣬ǲǾҽҩѲҪҪҶе䵭ؿЩˡ
ҽҩѣߣ̰Ǿṳ̋ǻֻΪҽҩѶŹ𣿡ҽҩѵʱһûյҶ˸ҽҩѵ飬֪ĻҲ
ȻΪҽҩѣʲôģҶʵ

˵ôã㻹ûǹġ
ץǵģҪɱǣû˵
Ǿˣ鱾ǵĴٷǣȻĻ³ɲô򵥡Ҷü䵭˵

Ҷ˵Ļ֮ܵ˶ʼЦˣǾЦЦǰСӾȻԼƾʲô
СӣţҲҪԼı£ʱûб£Լһҵ³˺ǲмؿҶˣмҶ˵ţмҶ˱ˡ
ţҲǣֻ˵ʵʵҲб£пԽȫı£Ҷ˵˵
ϴ󣬱˵ôˣֱϣɱˣСħŮ£һٺ١һЦ˵
ǰǰСħŮȻˡ
ϴʱϣȻ
Բ֮µ£˫ɫͫøˣʱ˵κεһŮˣ㵹
ֻǣ㵹ҪͿЩ
µɫԽԽ䣬Ϸһɱǹɱɱҹ·񺮷һһִ̹ǵı
һ̣˭ܿҪɱ䣡
ಣ
ಣ




ֻƷȻ˶ĲҽС

֮ǰǼµˣڵĺһֱ֧ӹᴩǵĺЩǱɡ
ʱ򣬴Ҳŷ֣ҶжһѹոյļԾġ
ȻҪĻҾһ̣Ҷ˵һ̱úܿ£ΪЩ˵һĺŽǡ
ߣؿһҶˣȻһֱɱЩ֮С
һ֮һƬѪȣһһβͬһûиκεĻᡣ
µÿһһ˵һСħŮ


568 ɱ䣨3
µʵȻɱЩˣһҲⲻ˱ţǱⲻ˵ģͬʱҲϰˡ
ڴӾڼһһǿǻˡ
Ҫ£һк̺ۣܶʹˣϾŮӣмΪ߼ҩκεİ̺ۡ
ȻĻϽᵽǰ̺ۣ
ڣ±ҲԼҲʣһеǣԼȻ𣬶ԼΪҶػ
ÿ˻˵ʱ򣬾ͻһ֧ɱ
Ҳע⵽ҶȥΧɱҶˣֻǣҶ˻࣬ڻΧɱԼͬʱԸ½Χ
Ҷ˻ʨӣҲΪ˰鶯ԭʨϣȻҪҶԼĻҲ鶯һ£΢һ¡
ΪֹҶˣѾʨӵϣܿǾͷ֣ʨҲͨѲƤٶҲǿҪɱҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ʵҲ֤һ㣬ʨӽҪԸԼ˸ɱˣצݣûгЩ˵κβ֡
Ҷ˸Ľѵܳκε⣬һϰߣֻܳҰ޵⣬һ£ʨӸϲģҪܶࡣ
ܿ죬˾ͷ֣ԼļپӢһĵȥ̫ˣǸ޺ꡣ
ʱҶ˵ѲѾȫ߹£ʤĹؼ
ӻǲӣȥܿͻȫ
ԥֻԥһᣬͻᱻҶ˶ɱˡ
ÿˣ
˺ܿͲÿˣΪҶѾˣʣµľѾǼˣѾӲˡ
ʲôˣʵ
ֻ·ˣ鲻ֻᷢ˵̰ǾŶвԱУµ˵һնɱ
ؼ߽ףս鼫ḻСħŮʲôˣǸꡭ
û֪飬ɱԼ˶֪
Ҷڽ֮󣬱㽫սһ£еıУҶҪĶҪһЩҪһЩ
ֱӾˣʵû취ʰɾԾͲɨˣ˷־ͷ֣ʱԼѾ뿪뿪̰ǾŵķΧ
Ҷ벻飬ķչһ𾪵һ淢չңֱҶ̰Ǿţ

СħŮѾΧˣҪνĵֿ
һ߰ĺص֮䡭
һĽҰ⣬ûж˵ĵطȴǧȻ΢һ㣬˵ȷ٣ǧˡ
ЩȫǾˣЩ˶ѵصľӢʿǴ½ȽټľӢӣӵľӢֻдȻҲ۹
۹֮УľӢҲһĲӣΪһЩС֣ܳǧģģһд·
ûȷһ£⾫Ӣӵ˾ǣ
ڰ˹˳ǵı˹˳յ۹ıУĵλյ۹ԭıем䣬ǱȽĵĵλ
פصľȻյ۹ĵ̰ǾţΪǵĲӣ˹˳ǲŷḻԴűȽϸӵĵΣԣǲȻҲһֻӢӡ
ǲӳһ飬һǶǲģٲôģĳ
ǲӳʱ򣬰˹˳ǵİնе֣׷ʲô£ѵǸ췴˵ǵ۹ɾˣ
˹˳ǵİնе˷ܣΪеܲЩ̰ǾţаԵյȵȣЩ̰Ǿ˵һҳ㷹顣
Ҳڰ˹˳ǣձ̰ǾſƵ򣬶Ǻܳһ
Ҳʮγɵһɷ֮ǰʱ̰ǾһֻĲӣȻҲܳΪյ۹ĵš
˵ʮǰΪǰųȥųĳϮϣʼûĸ̰֮ǾžͿʼһıζˡ
һ㣬۹Ѿע⵽ˣֻǿûа취̰Ǿڱٹ̣Ҫһҡ
۹ֻܵȣȵ̰ǾŵĸʼҡʱǸʱ򣬾ǿεʱ
Ȼ˵Ѿʼ֧̰Ǿţ̰ǾŵǺǿģĻһңյ۹뿴ġ
ͬʱڵҲûйŸոȹԼȨʱǲᶯƬطǳһЩ벻Ļᡣ
ĿԺܵͣԣ̰ǾŻǿԵǵʵۣյ۹ı


569 1
֮ϣû˸ԣȻҲҪԵͷһ֮£벻顣
һŮȻȻ̰ǾŽа壬ʼնɱСͳȻ֮ɱ׷ɱ
յϢʱ̰Ǿˣ̿ʼȥѰ˵䣬Һƺûٵ˼һһֻױϵʨӡ
ܿ죬̰ǾžͿʼˣû뵽ǣŮû˼ǣǣ˫Ϳʼˡ
̰ǾҪɱŮֻǽȴ벻Ƿǵûгɹһ۽
ŮȻҶ£Ҳû뵽ᷢչ̶ȣƺҲԣƺҪ̰ǾŸϵ˼
һ¶¶֣ҶֻǸڹ˵¼ʹȻȻ²˴Ҳᱻ
ҶεĺڹǼΪҪģǽһ߿ϷĽɫǸµס˺ͬʱæơ
һ·˲ֹһαΧ׷½أȻÿһǶӳ죬Ҳɱ˲ٵˣΪСħŮԼҲ˲ٵˣлһЩҪˡ
ҶڣҪ˵ҪҪģҲа취ƣ
ÿս֮֮ǻʱµʵѾĽӽ켶УͻƵ˼
һʵˣõһǧѷᣬ֪жĽõĻᡣ
Զŵ󡪡̰Ǿţһǿػ񡪡Ҷˣ߽֮£ʵҲͿʼֱ
Ҫ˵ЩֵģҲܱ˲ȴ˾һ̣Ҷ˵ԣǱ޷ģҲ޷ģµһ㡣
Ҷ˵⣬±ĳɳǱҲǺҪģͨ˵ĻҲ޷߶ȡ
ҶһֱֻǸʣԶĴԾͲµĶ࣬ҵע϶СħŮϣҶͱȽϴҪˡ
ȻҪҲԶԵģ̰ǾŲǷͿҶ˵Ҫԣ֪ɱҶСħŮǻȥ
ֻǣҪɱҶˣƺҪѺܶ࣬ҪɱҪѺܶܶ࣬һ֡
һ£˶ԸҶ˵ʱ¾ͻὫֱĨɱҲûлȥѵжѣֻ֪ɱҶǰ£ǺҶˡ
˵ף⻹һ֣
ڣǲǧˣĵ֮ϣǰΧһһŮͬʱһֻɫ׳ʨӡ
ŮΧһѣһѶ˵ĳǹһֻܷʺӣţö˳ǹӡ
ҶˣŮȻ£֮ǰ˵ǶǺģֻȴЩ˵Ĵڡ
һòãˣҶ˷תſŵСãרעĿţڶŰΧԼȴҿЩ˵
𣿡һʯ֮ϣ˫ҧһֻûĴ˺ҧţ͵ĳš
Ⲣ˵µıˣڷſˣֻΪողžһڰ˹˳֮УҲΧˡ
ˣҪһЩԱӦ飬ʱôὲʲô
ûУǿ˵ҵİɡҶ˻ػаǹ
ŶӦһȻǿںһ顣
СħŮҽǵ˭ʲôĿģ
ڿҶԼôˣһе񽫾˳ˣڶҶ˵˵ȷһһƷĽͬʱҲӵ쵼ˡ
ҽҶ̰Ǿ֮еĴţ˵ҽ֮⣬ͬʱء
Ҷһδν´ӵĶʱָҽ˭ǾûУҶ֮ǰǾòС
ԽԽҶĿģǵ·µǿҶ˵ҽǾ鲻򵥡
ѾûȤȥŪǾǸֻһڣû顣
ǲ֪һҶ˵ĵȷȷ·ǹκεΣգ˵ŪĻǾͲᷢ飬֮ᷢҪ顣
ŪʱǸڰֻѾˣ
˭ܸǣǶʲô뷨Ҷ˺ػص
簡ǶҲǺܴ뷨ǻʵۣҲû뷨ˡ


570 2
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣԽԽҸǣֻ·ģǵģֻΪЩǵСˣԲŻеĦСͽѵһ£ǾͲˣͷչ̶ˡƺˣȻ˺¿⣬һĽʳ
ˣҪˣ
ԳζΡҶ˺һȣȻݸ¡
½ӹð͹ȣҧһڣĽţӺ㡣
ţ㿾ļˡ
֮󣬱˵һ䣬ⲢԴ󣬶ʵˣĶҪҶ˺óԺܶࡣ
һʱ򣬶¿Ҷ˵ųԣųҶԼû¿ʱǸոλˣȻ֡
ιιǲǵǲڣԼδ֮ǰǽѵӣһִԼЩԸ˵ģǱտġ
ţҾǵǲڣҪԵľԼȥҶ˻ص

˳ĬһᣬŷӦ֪Ҷ˵˼ԭΪЩҪһġ
ֻǣΪǲܵ飬Сӣˣ
ǵģһ
ߣȻҪҾͳȫ㣬Ϊȥֵܱѩޣϡӻ֣˵š
ͬʱʱ򣬰ΧҶ˵Щʿ֮У߳һЩˣʮңЩ֮бȽǿˣţЩ˳ĻҪͲŮǺɵġ
Ȼ˵СħŮµͷܴ󣬵ֵˣ֮ǰ̫СˣŻɱôá
£һʮͷСһеţؼѾǺܲˣһؼ߲̫ѶԸܻڵؼĳס
ֻҪһ㣬ҪҲڻ£
ʵϣ뷨ǵҲûʲôϾ֮ǰ±ѾΧɱΣұˣһ˵ĻǽҲ˵ϡ
ֻǣҶˣ
Ȼˣ±Ҳ˺ģÿһΣܸ⣬һҲ⣡
ֻܵٳˡ¿֮󣬱㽫Ѹٽ˽˽ȥȻó죬վ
γһȻؿǰ桭
¡Ҷ˷
֪ʹףµػصÿһΣҶ˶һ㣬ãǿҪʱ
ҶΪ²ҪУ׵ĸ̫ǿһΡѵѵͰ׷ˣµϰ
ʵһʼʱҶ˲ΪԭԭҪǱ֪Ļһ׷ɱҶҹ
ԭǡ
׵ĻһױˣǲǺ鷳ǱñȽϺã
Ҫˣҿκã
ҶĳԵͿʼ仯ˣ벻֮ھ֮ʵʼڽ
ڿͷ֮Ҷ˾¼򲻵ѾԲְæȫһ
ֻǣһµĿѾͽˣɲͨ˿ԳܵĿѣÿһҪɵذһᣬҪҶҽȲ
ȴûеĵ˼еϲΪʱ̣Ҷ˶չ˵΢ΧԵһʱ̡
ƺҲ˻ĸӰ죬˵˰̣ɲŮҪģҲһ룬ɲԼԺ·̹Եʱ򣬱˿ԼȫǺ˵Ŀ˰̡
ˣ֪᲻֣´ûûУǰҲһûС
ƺҲһ㣬ҶΪƵʱǽЩ˴ʱ˴Ǳ鲼ȫ򵥵˵ȫҶ˿ˡ
ֻǽҶ˵һҽߣҽ߿˵ʵʲôţΨһҵһڡ
Ҷ˱ˣԴȫû⣬Ѿϰһ㣬ҽߵѾǵһˣ֮ǰҲйƵЩŮʶģֻǲ˶ѡ
ҶҡҡͷѾˣΪѾϰ߲ס
ģҲ飬һһɱСﵽƻ´һ£Ȼ˵
Ҷһֱжµ似ָȻµĶǿȴʵսͬһ֮ܵС
Ҳ˵ҶҡҡͷǷˡ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲô²ˣ飬ҶӦòʲôŶԣʱûС
˵·мƶܲŹۡҶ˵


571 ɱ1
¾һŷԼڸոյս֮У·Ѿƻˣ¶һЩеصļ
ǺµߺһƬøǲӶһ£Ǹɱ˲գ۵СħŮ
ܿ죬¾ͻָ˻ɸոյǴ
˵ŪһҪ·¶Ҷƽ˵֪Ҷһа취
ŶҶ˵ͷ˫һģȻڵϣͻȻðһԲεǽ°Χм䡣
ʲôһǲҲ֪Ҷ˻ȻôΪһҽʦǶԴ˲֣֮гһֳ棬ǾСħŮ·ڡ
ǶôѪڵĻ棬ǽΪʲô͸ģһ϶Ҳ԰һҲˡ
Щ뷨ֻǳһᣬֻһᣬǽһ̣ת֮䣬ǽĴ
ۡ
ѵ˵ҵж죬ǿԿСħŮ·龰лŮ񣬸л
Ǹʱǲӵ˶ܽŵضţǳĵطȴѪһĻ
ֻǣҪʧˣ
Ҷ˵ʧ𣿲ܣҶôôССʧܣҴ˿Ųæڿ⡣
ڳʧ֮µӰͳڴҵУϴźɫװһȱĺɫװȫΧ棬ûһ¶ĺۼ
⣬⵽ʲô
ʵɺܼ򵥣»·ٶȺܿ죬һ˲Ϳɣ˵˿Կ˵ֻҲпܴէ֣ҲҪһ¡
ԴˣҶ֪һʼ֪ǽܿͻûãᱻֱӱҲΪ˷׼ڶһ棬ñȽϼ̣ûб
˼ڵϣȻóһ˿Լ𣬽ؿǰ棬˵
һΣǳˣҪ

⻰ʲô˼֮ǰʹʲôѵһҲԽһΣƺԣֻе㲻ϰߡ
УҪǳˣôܣ
ߣ˭
ǽͬҲ˵뽫һ뷨˺ܶ࣬˵ȫȻҲͰǰʮˡ
һ仰ҶʱͻȻ˵
ʲôǽʵ
вҶЦ˵
Ҷ˵仰ڴ˵˶ǺˣһֳĳһȺ
ҽҪΪĻҾͳȫ㣬ˣɱˣǽٴɳһЩԸҶˡ
ü˵仰а
⻰ǶҶ˵ģ˵仰ʱֱһԾǰզٶȴǲӵǲҲ֮ǰʮ֮еһλ
ٶȣףǰСħŮ鴫ģӵкǿʵ
ֻǣʱǲӲô⣬ֱһ̿ʼ𾪵Ŀʼ
ڽ֮־Ǽٶȱ֮ǰˣڵʯ֮Ķе㿴Ķûܿóһ̳˶ٽ
ⲻ֪ٽ֮󣬾֮ǰٶȻһߵķλЩҪҶ˶ֵĵڶˡ
һ̣һЩûп³ֵˣеĪôСħŮܵģʲôġ
ܿ죬Ǿ⶯ʲô壡
飡
飡

½һλʱ֮ǰĵطЩ˶ʼȥˣһĵ˵ϣѪһ̳ڵ棬Ⱦ죡

˶ˣǶǰ飬ôţһŮȻھͶ֮䣬ͽ˷ŵһ˵ĳס
СģСħŮǿ
ʱ򺰵仰˭ף֮ǰЩʧʵԼֵܾСģΪСħŮʵǿó֮⡣
Ǻǿ̫ǿˣ
ܿ죬͸ı˵Ϊڽת֮䣬ͽʮ˷ŵһ˳㽫ȥԸҶ˵Ҳһɵ
̫ˣǵؼʵҲô̵ʱɣѵѾ켶ܣôأŶꡣ
ߣǹѡһΣ˦ϵѪ˵
СħŮ㲻Ҫ񣬾ʵǿΣ¿ǧľ㻹־ܰɣֿʼ̸ˣµʵ
仰˵Ҳһʵֻһˣ켶ʵҪԸȺѵصľҲǺܳģοûС


572 ɱ2
һ˵Ͼ޵ģʹİ취ȻǲΪУҪǿԵĻֻҪЩ켶֣ͿԽ´
УҪǻʵҲ켶֣ȻôѹסЩأ
ʵڵҶ˵յʱܺܺõ˵ʱ֮вһЩ֣켶Ҳӽ켶࣬ԴʱһҪӡ
ܻ۵ʱ򣬻Ĵʱ̡
û˵ֻؿǽûбŵСŴ
СħŮǴС;ܾ»ԶôǿĵˣҲ侲ԴҲΪʲô˵׾ûùܵΣգҲһá
˵ְ֮һǾԵķӣ
˭ʱҶԺĳ٣
˵ʵǧ˲ԽΧɱֻǣҲҪˣҲʧأᱻ»ɱ룡ۣûУҶǵһĴڳ˵ĶС
ۡ
ǽͻȻסˣƺ뵽ۣ֮ǰֻ뵽飬ﵽĿ꣬мԼʧʲôûпǵġ
ϸһ£˵ҪսĻԼǧ˵׻ʣ¶٣ոձֵֶʧ롣
ǵʱԼĹˣ¾ûˣֵ
ֵã

Ҳǲܵģ
ʵνģǾͲҪνֻ·ѣǲκεӰ죬ҪЩҲܡҶ˵
³ĬˣаҵүܱܲôֱӣȻǰ࣬Ҳôֱ˵Ҫֵͣʱ㲻Ӧ
ࣿ
᣿

Сʲôˣ˵ܴ󣬶ֱӽлΪᣬǵ˵ǰࡣ
󵨣ֱϵ䣬Ǵ治ȻǸǸ㲻ҶʲôˣҲðᣬϱҵ飬ǻϰԵһ¡
ʲô治ģʲô󵨵ģҶ˴˵Դϻʵ֮һֱǽᣬֲܣҪϡ
ûгΪ֮ǰأͻȻʵҶ⻰˵ᵱʵ֮ǰһƺ
Ǳ̨ʣڳ˶óͬʱҪ飬Ϊֱ˽Ҷ˵ݣŪҶʲôϵ
ûгΪ֮ǰҶ룬ƺ벻ʲôھͻصҺ˹¡

ȫûκε壬ò˭ƺֻ֮еرѡ
㵽ʲôˣٴʵҲʵûֵ㡣
Ҳ˵ˣҽϽ㡭Ҷ˺˵
˵Ͻòãе㿹ܵ˵ϡ֡
ŶԣҴ㡣
³ĬҲһͬԼ󣬲ңе㲻С
ܶ˶ԳƺΪ㣡
ˣ㻹Ͻɣ˵
õģϽ㡣ҪҪٳԵ⣬Ͻ㣿Ҷ˽õԼ˺һ
ºܸɴӦңֻãûÿ仰ã
ǵģϽ㣡㣬Ͻ㣡ţϽ㣡Ҷ˵ͷ˺һ¡
ݺݵҧһ⣬ݺݵؽţԴ˷йԼеĲȥ˵ҶˣΪ֪˵Ҷ˵ĽֻԼơ
ǻĺУ
ǽҶ˿ʼӣ;ԼˣһдðĻ
ʲôǱǴΧոջ˵һɱȴڽһЩ˲ڡ
⣬ǳ裡
ţûǵĻǻУҶ˵ͷܲɵǽͷϻϽ͡
ӾҲҪǸ£ֵǣɱŮǽŭʱãҲһԼҲ
սԼǲӵϣ࣡
ʵлһ뷨ص뷨ǾǾٶˣԼ£йãΪʲô
ȻҲûа취ˣϣЩ˶ǺˣѾĵɱɣҶ˵˵˶֪£Ľ¿ʼһħڵ¹һ
Ҷÿζ飬ҪȷԼµİȫһе׼ؼʱҲܴδؼʱ̾µԭ


573 ɱ3
飬û֪¶ûвȻе㻳ɣȴҶӦòôԼȻôÿζԼ˲žԼ
¾ã˵Ļ˵С̵ĻҶ˸ͲСܵһ˺ǻԼ
֪ѣ˵һʧ˵ǰһѾڻǲӵӪ֮Уһδɱˡ
ͺһȻⲢһǣ꣡
ÿһǾͱضһ˵ȥѪ֮УԶ޷ֻõĲܻ

û뵽»ȶֱ֣ӳԼӪ֮УʼɱɱҲףռȻʱĻǾ͸ӵıˡ
µĽ룬ûǲӿʼɧˣԼһȥԼƺûҵûĵˣ񾭶ʼĵĽġ


ҽ˷һںԶطʲôط
ǧ֮һʵ̫ˣ˻ǵƶӰһ㣬͸ܱҵ
ȴûգֻһˣҪܶԷ˭ֻɱ˾ˣþеˡ
ǧ˶ԸһˣȻһǣűߣȫûз֮
ȥĻǶԻǲӻܲҪ취취򿪣޷ɱԼֵܡ
󣬷ɢ
飬ѾӦİ취Ȼ취ԼĹһ㣬ȴܺܺõץԼڲĵˡ
ڽ֮ǧڼ̵ʱɢÿ˶ϵ˼֮Զһ¾ûа취ˡ
ܿ죬µξͳڴҵУ
ǰͻ̣ϣٺ󡭡
һ˲ӽзǲӲǾӢӣӦߣҲɺܴΣա
ں֮޷ģ
ߣ
غһüΪݶ˳ǹܹгǹһܼĳǹ
Զ۲ŵĽסˣе㿴ôȥģôڿĶǸŤ˿
øӲ˼ǣڶܵʱ򣬾Ȼɵ
ն
һһĽǰšʿֻ֮з룬û룬һķ룬׵ķ룬·ķ룬ķ룬Ҫľķ롣
ЩʿննΣѪĻ棬ףЩ˲ܾȻˣ
նһжеУγһܱܱĽնȻǺܴ󣬵ȴΪǿ󣬾켶ҲҪâ
ЩʿȻǾǲǸ֣Ҳ;żǺϡٵģȻסһУ
ҪǴﵽؼĻܶȥʿǵؼֵĻֻͿԺɨ½ˡ
ھ֮Уֵؼֵģ϶Ǹ߹ˣʿ֮ûпܵģĲӡ
һնΨһģļ֮䣬ֳˣһն˵ǰ
ţһնո˲ٵ
ɱɱҾͲţֹʹö
ս֮ϣʱѪ˰ˣʱѪ˿ȣǺߡ
ûµĶֹʹãһԼֻڱãΪҪöԷֱ߽ͣ͡
ʱʹöʱ̣ܴҶԷĽһöԷ̶ȵļԱ
ң²äĿʹö
˭˵һֹö
ڻЩΧ֮һοʼնɱʹͨĹһո߻ûģǶԷѾֿˣҲһʱ֮ҲȵҳʱѾȥһط
µǹ죬ٶԻǲЩ˵ʵǹ죬һߵҶˣͲù죬ֻüƺе㲻⡣
ڴʱҲ͵͵ؿһҶˣҶ˵Ĳ⣬еʧϾ͸Ŭʩչ似
֮ԻΪҶ˽̵ģһѵģȻٶȺܿ죬Ҷĳ̶Ȼһ롣
ҪǱ֪ǾԻ۾ΪǵµѾ쵽˺µĳ̶ȣĳ̶ҶﾹȻ˸е˼顣
ͷۣڵľҪȴ޴Ϊµеֻܵȣȵ¶ȵġ


574 ɨս1
ֻǣҪȵʲôʱֻ֪֪ڼ䣬ԼҪء
ʱͻȻһ˽뽫ߣһ취в¡
סСӣ
ָҶ˺ûҶˣڵ⣬ĻǾԿв¡
ֻǣҪҶ˲һ׵飡
ֻڳ˲֪֪ҲһΪʵ̫Ѳˣ޷֡
Ҷ˿׶ˣԺӣ˾練Ƶ顣

ŭ߳һһҶ˵ߣȻǿ쭵Ķ۶ԿüŨѾһ˼ĵز
Ȼ취Чģ
ȻµĶ˺£ȴܿģΪ¾ͻ뱻ԼͿΧɱ£Ŀ궼Ҳ
Բ£
һһжһжܸǸ֣ͺһԲһ㡣
ΪĵģԲ¡ĹâķȥǹâʮֵֻıȴΣա
ЩâͨĹâһնĽԲʵȫΧնϣһкܿµȺɱܡ
ĽЩΧʿ쭵ѪźȥֱԶԶķΧֱʧڿ֮С

СħŮֲ̫ˣ⻹
۾Ѿͻˣŵؿ£ֻΪոյһԲ¾Ȼʧǧˣʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰնɱģСħŮѾɱԼ󲿷ֵˣʣֻǧң̫ˣ
ֻϣһ֮СħŮʵʹۿۣĵòࡣ
ǿȵʽû˿ģٶУ沢ûг˵֮⡣

µĺԱˣһиСĸһ˲ʧ٣ȻĽõ˵õᣬһдЧҲģǧˣҲֵõġ
ϣǣСħŮдϢĻᣡǽ
ɱĻ֮ʣµ˿ʼŭ𣬳ҶˣǵŭƺҪҶ˶˺һ㡣
£ɱǸЩ˵֯ͻܶࡣҶ˿ǽ˵ͬʱҧһ⣬óһСڻϣˮӲϣҪ
û˵ֻǵͷڻָ֮У˵Ҫ
ʱҶ˲ԶĵطѾ˳Źں̵ܶʱͻﵽҶ˵λã˵ûб仯ʱ
Ҫɱ㣡ڻָһ֮ͷýָǽ˵һ䣬Ϳʼǽӽ
һûжǹȥɱһѪ·ԼΪֶο·˺ȷĸеĿģľġ
ԡѪӣɱӣ˸еһľǸ׵ˣ
죬ֹ
ǽµӣе㺦µؽеʱѾȥҶˣΪãҶ˱ץˣԼȴˣһҲʧȥ塣
ҶǱߵѹͻȻСˣ󲿷˵˶תƵֹ¿ǽ
һΣһθеµĿֲ֮ǰץǰȴû˿ֹΨһľ˵¡
û֮£ûʹףٶˣҼ֮ѡ
κ˶޷֤飬ǿĸ֣Ҳ˵
ֻǣ֮ȫûκεķӦǼǰЩ˲һɱǽ
סס
ԽԽľڿµѾʼе־ˣʵ̫ǿˡ
˻ûκãΪʿѾˣĻȫķϻٺҲþʲôõı仯ֻ¸оĿ־壬ֻиӰ졣
ͽðɡҶ߽ʹ©С㲻ܿͬʱһֱעµЩп
֮ǰսϵҲѾ˵һ㣬ڵ¸˵飬Ѫ־ǳ֤
ҶǳʲôĿ£¼֮½ΪһܿµͽսϵõĶҪ似ࡣ
֮ǰľ鶼ϰѪս
ᣬǲڱ㡭ҶͻȻһָпһε֮УԼõô⣬߾ᡣ


575 ɨս2
Ĳ˵ǰΪһ˫ͽҶ˵뷨֮У³صյģ󻹻¡
Ҷ˲ӦȥԼǷ£Ҳ͸ĺôͬʱʵǿʲôвⲢɱûжٿԼн
һһ¼¼ӦòٷˣҶ֮Ҳȥյ۹ˣȻͲᱻΧ׷½ء
͵Ǹ㲹ȵȣΪʲô˵ûǷʲô֡
ҶҡҡͷԼ߰뷨˦ȥԴСϣƺе㲻һˣ񲢲Ѱȵ
ʱҲûжעҶߣ󲿷ֵעϣȥעĻͻᷢҶʵ¸ѶԸĳ˵ġ
һЩҪҶ̱ˣڿʱ򣬾ͱͻȻֵȭɣûȭԪγɵȭͷǧֱ֮ӴӵͻЩҪռ˵ˡ
ףҶ޺ˣ򵥿µģͬʱҲ˵Ҷ˵ħʮֵĸԲκζͿ΢ĿԪء
Щ˻ҶõֶֹҲ˵һħ˻
ҲҺֻҶ˵ûбҴһħʦҶй𣿺ѹ

ŭҶ˲ȥҲ֪ѾɹɱǸڵ¾һ˿Ӫֱȡн׼ˣҶ֪
ҶֻҪ֪µ˶ٵˣǲǱһνˣ
вСĽҶ˵ͷҪ׼ʰоˡ
Ҷ˽ϵС˳Ķһ֮УȻȥʱѾȫѪѾֲǵ˵ĻԼġ
һԣҪɱЩ˲Ϣ૵˵ѾҲʲôҲһҲûκεС
ֻҪǻǲûȴ¾ͻսȥѾ˲ٵˣԽǵͻԽ
ҪҪ
ǲڿɱһ㽫ǵĽնɱǸʱеĿ־Ѿߵĳ̶ȣֻǻûȴΪǵѪδˣͬʱΪǶѾԽԽˡ
ȻҪ
ֵϣСħŮѾ첻ˣҪΪΪȥֵܱ𣡣
һӣǲֿʼʿǣΪǿܿϣͬʱҲһֺǿı֣Ǿǰνʤ
ˢˢ
һһնɱˣ˷ĹȫǿһֱȥӦľ絽һµĸ߶ȣͬʱʱ򣬶ҲߣʵҲͻԽǿ
ˣҶ˿ʼЦˣһ֮µʵֻдȵϣľ״
ֻǣûйȥ֮ǰ»ǻܿ࣡

¸еԼıһֶһ˺ֻۣǣ˶ֹͣϵĶѸնɱǰ֮һشֱ̣ӽԼ˴
ش̶ûлͷͺ񿴵Լһ㣬һȻһ㣬ҲκεĺۼͬʱҲ޷㿪
֮ԽԽ࣬ϵҲԽԽ࣬ѪʧȥҲʧȥֻǾˣҲûκεüǼӽնɱߵĵˡ
ȻˣҶܿóѾҪˣÿһһˣӳ֮ͻϵȥˡ
ûǲӵԽԽ˷ܣǾóɹˣֻҪŬһ㣬Ŭһ㣬ǾͿԽСħŮˡ
ֻǣһȴһֱȥһҪһ㣡
ȵ˷ֲԾʱǸʱǵѾֻʣȰˣ
ȻվţͺԶᵹȥһһ̣ǺˣǷĵĿ־塣
ħħ
Ǹʱ˷ؽеȷǷˣţԶĳȥ
ʣµһҲʼˣǾüȥҲûκε壬ȻһûȴǼҪɱ¡
˾ðյģĵģǾãҲԼߵһ̣¾ͿܵȥĻ֮ǰŬǰ׷ˡ
СħŮ첻ʣµ˺һƺڸԼ׳ƺҲҪŵ¡
ʱһƽȻƽȴ˵֮УΪڲһǺԵ


576 ɨս3
⵱Ȼˣ
Ҷ˵˵ţߵµߣȻˮݸ£˵£ȥȻͿϢˣｻ
ţºܼѵķȻҶ˵ˮһ˽ȥ
ˮʲô֪ѾǵһκˣÿʱҶ˶ͬˮȥ
ÿȥ֮һůĸɢȥܿͷԼʼָš
˯ˣ
ÿһεʱѾˣҪϢһʱҶҲѾִ飬Էĵı
ǿȥˣҲֲˣĻ԰һ飬սɨһ£еչҶ΢Ц˵ֻ΢Ц˵ĲУһֿ־塣
Ц˭ΪʲôҪģ
ǣСħŮѾȥˣ㻹ʲôвǣҪԹˣˣ
һӣЩƺӦˣµȥˣǰ޺ҶˣͲҪ¡
ֵϣСӸɵʣµİ˿ʼҶˡ
ҾǣҶһֹЩ˵ΪȻÿԵģЩ˿ɲûᡣ
һߵ
ǣ桭桭ǵڸ͵ʱȴƺˣǰĿԼ
ڸոյʱ򣬵ͻȻֺܶʯɵļֱ̣ӽǰȫ޷Ȼ˵˻ҪĻҪĻǿԶġ
Ѿ֤ˣ滹ҶĻǽֻһǾ
ոЩ˳úܿ죬ڼ̰Χǵʱǵûסֱײ棬˵Ѫء
СӱСħŮ£ҪڵϷЩʯͷ̵ĻǾȥֵܸҲٴδ
Ҫ˵ʵǻǾҪǿһЩΪߣҶǡħʦ
ħʦȺҪռˣ¹ϵ飡
ڣѡأѡ£Ҷ΢Ц˵˵ʱЩ̸ӽӽЩ˵Ҫ
⣬ǳв
ֻǣôأֻҪ˼ҶָͷŪԼǱŪһֻϻҪ򵥡
ңҰ£
Ҳǡ
˶ش𣬶мûлشģҶ˺ܸɴһ˹֮Ǿˡ
Ǿȥɣһ㣡ҿûжʱ䣡Ҷ˻ӻ֣Щ̶ջص棬Щظȥռսϵı
ҶҲûţǽڵ֮󣬱㿪ʼΪƣþɾȻƣȻ·
һҶѾϰˣûΪһʲôĸоϾû˵ҪԹؼλǲҪƵģҲ˵ҪȥЩ·
һִ˵ʲôϾʲôˣЩŮ˴ԸһҪ߶ȸ
ҶԺԸȻʲôˣ½ŮǺܱصģڿһҪǱ֪Ļһᳶʲôġ
Ҷ˵Ҳ⣬Ϊһҽʦҽʦⷽ滹Ȩģ
ڿҶǽʱЩһЩµ뷨ҪҶ˿ʱ򣬾Ϳʼܡ
ֻǣǵĴһʧˣҶ˲֪ͨʲô֪淢ʲôҪ¾ܵĻ߾ͻ̣Ҫܡ
Щ˶ʵˣǶʵʵȥռҶǽıϣҶ˷Ըġ
ʱһȥЩ˹ȻܻʧʲôҶ˵Ҳ⣬ϾҲҪȫģֻ˳ռѡ
Ҷ˲֪ΪԼ˳ռԵʣ̰ǾŵԽԽ٣֮Ҫԭ֮һ
˫ս˴ɨսΪֲʧһ㶼ʤգһ㶼Ӯʧֲ
ҶһṴ̄ǾʧԱͬʱҲڴʧӶǵԤ֮±ûװ
ˣǿˣϣǴǾţҪν飬ȻǲӮҲ϶ҿԿ϶һʧأӮӮˣǾĻͼ
Ҷ˵λ֮󣬾ͽ±ڻʨӵϣ
СʨӣǼߣǸ¸ոպ˵˰ɡ
𣡣ʨһ𣬳ϦķȥȻб򱱵ġ



577 Ӭ1
ҶʧϦ֮£ڳǲ˵ĻǲǰٸнǺڵһΣĸжá
Լֻǲӻڳ۸һСϰգڣǲӼȫ𣬱ˣ׼ȷ˵ǱСħŮһ˸
ڣͺһ˲ȥţҲȥţ
̰ǾŶˣ֮ǰĻ˵ڿǲӣǵľӢӣھȻҲ˸ˡ
ѵ˶켶֣
Ҷ˵ĻҲ̰ǾŵĶУŭ죬ǾҶڳԼ̰ǾţֻǣҲͻΪҶ˵ģֻˣӮˣ̰Ǿʲôô
ûУһҲûУ
Ҳ̰ǾžҪŹҶˣڲôҶ˳ͻĻԼ̫ˡ
̰Ǿ׼ɸԸҶˣ̰Ǿ֮Ҳ֣ЩֵôԸ֣Ӧ
̰ǾŻעҶ˵٣Ȼᰲ壬ȥҶˣøȥ׷ɱҶˣ
ŲУǾģ
̰Ǿ׼ʲô飬ڻǲӱѾˣ²סΪʵ̫ˡ
ڵõϢ֮Ϊǲӡšİ˹˳ǣǰףڼԴȣʼףʱ̡
ĵطЩ̰ǾѹİգǶСħŮʹԽԼĳУȻ̰ǾŴ֣
ֻǣҶʱֻ·û֮£ǲֵģȻҲ֪̰ǾŵĶУҲֻܲܽᡣ
뵽ʱҶ˾Ůʵ۵ȷܲȻǺܱ̬ɱԼĸֵܵˣ֮£̫ƽհҵ֮ûκεìܳͻһЩܲమ顣
ʵʲôĲҪֻҪ̩񰲣һûʵۣһ̬һαӣҲһ
ᡭ
硭
֮ϵһ磬ָ˴ӣеɻԼûиðѵ˵
ϣ壡һɴʱĵǵα֣ΪĹġ
Ȼˣǹ壬ΪǹᣬΪǹԼ岻Ļһˬͳͷ
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ڴ󳼳Ĭˣ˵ҲĬϵģܶҪɱᡣ
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ϣм
ʱ𾭳Щǿ̲ݻġ
ϰԵ˵
ǣ
ӹ֮ῴ˼֮¶ı飬ڴ󳼾֣ǰٴ飬ҲǺܵûбɫ
쵽ʲô飬е⣿
ͻȻЦˣڳ˸еˡ
ϣʲô飿ʵ
һ˼飬Ҳһϵᵭ˵
йϵеɻԼʲôʧԸԼ
Ǽ²ǱҶǻ쵰𣿡˵
ţѵǵϢͷȻеļеڴӡ
ͷ˵ûµϢˣǴˣСħŮĳƺšǶԼɣ
ὫǷݼŮŮݸ£Ӧ˽ӽԼĶŮģֻûŮ
ŮͨŮҲһʵǿģںܾ֮ǰͿʼġ
⡭񲻿ܰɣµʵҺôǲӣǲӿɲһĲӡ
ڿϢ֮˶е㻳ɣ⼱֮е˲ҵ¡
дģʱôɺϣµķҶ˶ܷϡҡҡͷԿ϶Ҷˣ¾Ǳߵ¡
ҲᱻԻ󣬵һۿ
ʵôǿ˵
Ǳˣ߻һҶˣ΢΢һЦƺ˵Ҷ˵ʱе㲻һˡ
ʮǿ԰æ˵һɵģǸʮ٣ûûж֣һħʦʮٺħʦɡ
ֻûб˷֣Ӧǲڵصס˵ȻûֳܴӼ򵥵ı֮ϵóһЩͺֳһ
˽Ҷ֮⣬оһ̸ߵñ̬Ůʵۣ


578 Ӭ2
ǡ
ϵ㻹Ҫ˵µʵ˵ΪҶˣ˵Ҷ˰һǲӣ˵Ҷ˿԰ʵ
ܰɣŶõʱ䣬ʮپһţҲûа취ڶʱｫµʵôࡣǻɡ
ŮӦ˽ǱҶֻǽǱӳֱʵϸоĻͻ֣֮ᷢǰս¶һߡٶҲȷ˾ò˼顣֪̾̾Ϣʲô
ϸһ£⼱֮ҲǰһЩսֻһ㶼ע⵽ڻǲӵı棬ǰıˡ
ңǱʶ֮УǶǿĻ֮ǰҲһǿǲûзм仹Ųٵʱ
ǿͨսһıǿٶȾе㲻˼ˣ
ˣµʵص㣬ǲҪˣϣ̰Ǿ̲סʱҶˣ͸Ҵͷˣ˵ʱͱеˣҲеģˡ
ͷ󣿡ȴ߶ƺе뷨
̰ǾҪһ£Ҷ˻ǸǴһܺõĻᡣҲԼ뷨ֱӵ˵
Ļʵۻ߻ῼ֮˵ȵʱ˵Լ뷨мΪ֪ڱеģ˭֪ġ
Ϊ㲻˵̰Ǿž벻ֻڻھܣʱڳ֣Ҳһ׼ԴС
ϵ뷨ֻ֪ʮܴ𣿡Դ˺ǻɣҶ˺񲢲ܴ
ˣŮӵˣﶼԴźˣҲһҲܸҴˡЦЦеϷ˵ͬʱҲۡ

˵еܣܸǿУӦ˵ĻŶԡ
ȴڰţǶҶ˾ҲܴᣬΪ˵ĵжԹϵ
ƺ֪ҶʵѾˣǸϹżһܺõ֤Ҷǵõ˺ôĺôҲҲ˵
ƾŶϹżƽ⣬յ۹ܻӵкǿʱҲܻһͳµ
ҶˣʲôΪʲôȥ桭

硭˭ң𣿡
Ҷڴһָ֮ͬŪŪӣȻǰɻš
˻椣ѵͲб𣿡µƺе㲻ģΪҶֻ뵽椵Եʡ
ף£˰Ҷ˵
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ţҶ˺֪ܲصͷ
飡
ңҶ˺޹˵
Ҹ˵˶ٱ飬ҪԸһ·еСŭ
´źˡʲôΪʲôִңҶһαˣ˵ĻȷʵΪ»·Ļ¾ֻܹӡ
Ҿϲôˣ𣿡Ҳ֪飬֪ûа취飬ҪҰһ£Ҷ˳ԵͷҲһ㡣
ûҶ˻˵ʲô

ҶһУҶѾԽԽӽյı߽磬ͬʱҲ˵뿪̰ǾŵΧԽԽȻ˵һ̵ġ
˵Ҷ˵ķֱ򱱣ʨӵĽӦѾˣֻǣǵķбģҪѸʱ䡣
֮УҶ˲ǽУĳг򣬲ڼ䲢ûʲô飬Ҷ˵У̰ǾźĹˡ
λ磬õľ¥õʲôطҶڽ֮󣬱һ·ʵ
õӦ¥¥ĻѺܸߣе㲻㣬Сֵܣҿ㻹ȥϺ¥ȽϺáλ·˴绹ĵģҶ˽ܱȽʺϵĵطֻǣ֪վǰҶһܼӣŲںһǮ
ллλ磬һȥ¥ϽϲҶЦ˵Ȼµʨӣʨһ·񱼶ȥ
һ׵ķ򣡡·˴翴žȥҶ˵ˣҡҡͷȻͼ顣
¥ˣҶ˺ܿ¥ǰٺʨӺ󣬱һ̤¥
͹٣Ǵ⻹סޣС˳һӡ
ҪõĲˣ׼õķ䡣Ҷ˺ػص
ϣСҲ˵ģ֪ĿӦôȥźĶǶֻ࣬ϲ˾ͺˡ


579 Ӭ3
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ҶˣһξҲܺ𣿡ºһ֮󣬺ʵ
ţҶ˵ͷв˳Ժȡ
Ҳţܲԡ˫۽Ҷˣһ汦ӡ
һȾΣʱʲôô졣Ҷܾ̾Һ˵һ䡣
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Īּˣϵļ鶯һ£ȻǱЦݡ
С㣬֪ʲôģʲôҪҰæġ

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Ҷ˷СʽĽȻһȭһƵĽЩӴɣ飬֮£һ߱ϵ˶ᱻǣᱻ꼰㡣



580 £1
ĪֵеˣǺʵĿҶַ֣˿ǹģװַȻԼÿ
ΪʲôĪ뷨ʵܼ򵥣ΪӸոտʼҶ˻ɵӶȥЩĩöġ
ҪЩʵǺܼ򵥵飬ֻǵʱ𾢣ҲеϣԾͱҵˡ
ţ֭ʲôһԵĹҪ㶼湫Ӵı
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581 £2
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582 £3
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˯һʲôʱҪʱңµ洫ףǶôڡ
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ԽԽʱǸҲԽԽ࣬ЩųȥҲãܱȱȽϺá
˾ͷԣǾֻǰװ׵𲻵κεã
˫ʼԽԽңʱ»ûг֣ǾѾȴˣĻҶ˾Ҫףˡ
ȻǲֵܳģҲһӮˣھɹӮ˵ǽǼؼ⡣
ܿ죬ͽ˴𰸣
ֵǣɱȥΪˣͰˣҾԲǵϱ˼̤˵Ҫά
һѪڵĻ֮£һȺ˿ʼȳȥ˼ϣȫ¥漷
ֳе֣Զ۲˾ã¥ͺԶ޷һһֱ˽ȥһֱԼ롣
ʵǲ֪Щ˽֮һʼȥֱ£űƶΪ·һֱظϡ
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֮£Ҷ˻һԵãûκεĿ־壬һʵķӦûС
£ҪҪȽһ֣ҶҧһڼţţͬʱһϵĻʨӣʨϲʳĶԽԽˡ
ˣȽ㿴ʱҡҡͷ֪Ҷ˵壬¥źܶࡣ
ЩԳԵ󲿷ˣֻõԤ㣬壬ֻܿʱ
¾ǲ̫ʹãҪʱҪõʱʹá


585 ʣ3
ڵȻҪôսǼֱ켶֣ҲᱻȺû
ԣھӦҪҶ˵æսͬʱֲڱȺû
ҶȻҪѵ£ɲ¾ˣôսǾһһεĹģҪǰϺܶࡣ
ԣŻ׼壬ҪöԷԱ
ҪҶΪʲôɴߣߣҲǺɵ飬֮ǰźܶߡ
ʵΪҶҪȣ̰ǾŶеĸʮģ̰Ǿŵ
ΪʲôҪ
ʵΪ˸׵뿪˵Ҷ˲ھ뿪Ļһ·һδε׷ɱûû˵ġ
Ļɴһ԰ȫһ·ͨ裬һˣЩҲȫû谭ġ
̰ǾŻ᲻Ҷ˻ҿ϶ʺܴ
һ㣬¸ոɱ˾ųĶӣ֮ǰ˻ǲӣһЩ̰ǾţѾѾ㹻
ΣֻҪ̰ǾţЩ֣ǵʱ̰ǾҲסͶԸǡ
ԽԽ࣬ʱͿ޷ֹͣп̰ܽǾŶŪ
ֻһԤ룬ɹҲʧܣΣҶԺкôģԽǳΪ㣬뿪ľͻԽס
ȥ¥Ͽ羰ԸЩˣҶ˵֮󣬱ʨ¥ˣʱЩ̰Ǿŵ˲ûȥֹΪûʱ䡣
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ܿ죬Щû뷨ΪǱ͵Ϯˣ
е㲻ţǱҪµģȴ¸ˣеĿ
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586 Х1
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ҲͳΪϵ̤ʯЩؼֶԾĶ࣬Ҫǧ˲ӶҪǿϺܶࡣ
ҶҪˣʵҲҪϢҪһʬ壬Ҫչǵߡ
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Ӽ֮󣬾γɼ޴ĽͬʱҲСһĽÿһγһ顣
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ǣǰѵϵʬ嶼˳ȥɣĻµʱſڶҪסˡҶ˽֮󣬲Ųæ˵

Ҷ˵ѣʿŷ֣ﾹȻȫʬ壬Ѿص˸ееֲ
ɱ֮ȻᴦֵǣΪȥֵܱϡ
һŭһȺҶǱǰʱҶȴһ㶯ûУڵġ
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ȻҶǲģ֮ôɣΪ֪ǰЩ˸޷˺ӽĻᶼûС
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ֻǣֻһᣬܿ컹˼ȥΪֿʼˣǰͺ̣٣ҲҪҶ
ǺοأαأҶҡͷһϧӣţըֽӶ
һȺȺʿˣǲֹǰҶ˵ܿϣҲöԷʧ˽ǧˡ
ţҶ˿ʼƶɲ²ֻ˵ǸΪ̵ġ
ЩʿҪץסҶǲܣǷǵץҶˣڱҶɵɵ
Ҷһƶţһһ壬ڲ֪֮䣬Ҷֿʼȫģڼ䣬ЩʿһȺһȺıɵ


587 Х2
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ҪҪֹͣȥ֪Ҫˣ˲֪ܲܳ졣˿ʼɣȻԼ˲ܳ죬ҪǱ֪֪һỳǲ˵ˡ
ģ˲ҲûйϵųѾ˹ѾһҪɱСħŮܣʱ򣬾Ӧõˣһҧҧ޺޵˵
ǵ׻˭Ҫˣ
˵ǴӣҪ˹֧Ԯһмʮ֡
ӣڱˣֻһֱȥ

ʱЩͻȻеһֻΪ˹Ϊ˶Ըˣʵ̫˼ˡ
ֻǣȻô룬ҲҪԣΪ˸Ӳ˼飬ô˽ȥȻûκεá
ܿ죬ʱ͵ҹֻ¥ǵƻͨսһֱڼš
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·֣Ҷ˳ֵʱЩʽƺеʼãˣʱһ״̬ȫҵ״̬
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ʱһĹȪХҶ˿£¶ЦݣΪ֪Ѿˡ
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ʵϣ»ûͻ켶Ѿ켶Զˣֻʱϵ⣬ոյʽøˣʵһء
һХЩֶˣɫԽԽأΪ֪иͻˣХ̶ȣͿ֪Ϣ֮Ƴһǵؼϵĸ֡
ĵؼ֣ƺֻǸСħŮ
ʲôУ֣ļһ¡Ҷ˵һûӡ
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ȻϵûУҶ˻ǿƵĺܺõġ
¿һҶˣеҶ˵ΪҶռЩʲôǰΪռںԲǡ
ˣô֣֪ǲҪʲô


588 죨1
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ǵģٵͷƺе̧ܿͷΪ֪Ǳⲻ˵ġ
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󣿡һ¥ǰ棬Ȼöȥ̽ڼ֮˻Ȼ󺰡
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֮ǰ˶ĬˣʵҲûԹֻǣǾûõģ˻Ჹϵġ
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589 죨2
ȫһߣÿһ㶷Ƕʹﵽһɵĳ̶ȣҶ˵ڸҲһƻ
飬Ҷ˻ϣǲɷϵʵһǿҲֲϵĶˣ취еͨġ
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䣡

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»Ҷ˵ķԸˣϴˢȻ׼ͣ׼ͣǾ¥еǶ
Ҷأȥӹ̼ӹ׼ŹͳԹʱͬʱҲ˶¥׼ȥҵҡ
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Ҷˣԭ㣡

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ţָʲô飿Ҷ˵Ļ֮ĪеɻҶʵǹֺ飬βûʲô⡣
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µĻ֮Уʵ֪ɳģҶһ㣬ͿܻʳһЩֻûС
ɳҴˣҶˣһҪɱ㣡Ī󺰣˫ĿضҶ˺š
ףܺڣҲǻã˭㲻Ҷ˵˵һ
³ĬҶ⻹֪ӣͺεҡҡͷаֻ̾ϣʱɳҲˣȻǸ治֪ôճڵɳɲ򵥰


590 죨3
ǺڣҲòһ㣬Ҫɱ㣬ɱ֮һȥɳ˵Īŭ
ǾҰɱˣȥɳҪôȥˣ˼ҿˣŮ˶ƱġҶҡͷ̾Ϣʱֱһ¡
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Ů˲ƱģܼǳСһɡºҶһۡ
ҶӶû򲻹ˡ
һŹɱôˣɱǣηڣ̰ǾŻôط㣡Īǲ˵ɳ飬ֻǰ¶ģ֮󣬾ǰʳɳ˵
㲻˾ͱˣطҲֻգᱻȡ޵ģֻͶ̥ѡҶʼһν˵

ĪŭȻһҶڵ¥ܿͱƻˣҶҲ޷άֱƻķ
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591 1
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592 2
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593 3
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594 𺳣1
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595 𺳣2
ҡ
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дģ켶ˣ¥ɱ˽ٵؼ֣켶޷ɡƺе㼵ʣеޣֻǺܵܵı飬˾úֺûС
⡭𣿡Ԫ˧ʵʵģϾŮĳɾͣȻҪġ
ԼɣԪ˧Ĵ󳼡ὫݸŮŮתʸԪ˧
Ԫ˧ڿʱ嶼ڲʮֵļ˵֮ǰ˵лɵĻЩȫˡ


596 𺳣3
ģµģҶʮҲģ̰Ǿţ³ֻܹǲˣ˭˭ãƫƫȥСӡ
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ֻڴװʲôûǿɲǰҶˣҶ˸ĺôҲȥᡣ
Ϊǲ֪ʲôʱֻҶˣǸʱԼ͵ùˣ
Ѿ֤Σ֮ǰҶߵһ̣úܶ˵ùһΡ
֮ϼ̸γˣȻ˵ҪϳҲʲô鶼Ҫźá
Щܶ࣬ҪܶಿЭͬǹһǣһȫҲΪõĴﵽĿꡣ
ļ
ʱ򣬾ŵʱһˡ
üʲô飬ѵǹҶ˵顭
ŮܿͽǼݸᣬڴǷݼ֮ڿһ֮ʹסˡ
ܣôܣҶˣһ漣Ĵڡ
һʼҡͷţķЦеʧ̬ı飬˶һ㶣ǴûмˣǷʲô飬
̬СŮôˣ᲻ᷢ裬ĻҪҪرһ¡
Ǹϣʲô飿Ԫ˧Сĵʵ
飬ĺ£Ԫ˧ȥҪѶĹ򣬻Уʱ򣬴һЩĹ٣ûҪԱЦ˵
Ĺ٣ǲ̫ˣȶ˵ɡԪ˧е㲻⣬뷨֮УȥҲҪ򼸳̣һʱ֮ǲƽ
֮ǰǸϢֻǸõʱ˵ϸ㶨Ҫꡣ
ˣڲˣ̰ǾʮǵľųĪһҰҶһȫɱˡе˷ܵ˵š
ʲô
Ļͬһذըһ㣬ڳڴ󳼶ˣεΪǲܵģôܣ
ֻǣҶйǰ࣬˵ģǾͲòȥš
ϣ˵̰ǾʮǾųҶһɱˣԪ˧𾪵ʵ
ǵģͷ΢Ц˵˷ѾʧˣȻóܺá
ʲô취𣿡Ԫ˧ʵʱֻ뵽һҶһţҲʹһǿҲ˵
ûֻܣʿ
˶ͬԪ˧˵ͬʱҲһʵĴ𰸣ֻǣ벻ǣ벻ǣȻǡ
ǵ٣΢ЦţһССĹӣǺܲ
ʲô٣ʲô˼˶⣬ɱ𣿲һɱʮ
ţǵ٣ʲô˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôԵɱˣΪ̫˰ɡ΢ЦţһһССЦ޽еı֡
ȻˣĻ֮󣬴ҾԲŵܵˣһʮˣҲȥʣΪѾ˵֪ˡ
Ĳ֪ǼٵģǶȥʣûʵ壬ٵģǾͱʾ˵˵˭ȥ׷ʡ
ܿ죬ֽ˳⣬Ҫ°ˣΪѾ仯ˡ
ڽļ½֪ʲôʱľѾ̰ǾŸɱˣıɢ˳ֲ֮Уӵȫɱ
ڶ̶̵ʱյ۹ĵ̰ǾžʹӴ½ϱˣֻܳΪʷ
յ۹׼ȷ˵ᣬĿգ˵Ǽ飬һжҪлҶˡ
ȻҶһ֮Уõôľᣬֻǲ֪᲻мҶˡ
˭Ҳ֪
ҶֻϣܶԼͣһ㣬úõȥĻʵְۣҵúܳɹ
ҶʱѾ뿪գһŻ岿ǰòʮ죬Ǿͻﵽ


597 ز䣨1
Ҷǣ½˵ҵУΪصߣŴ˵ĵд󲿷ֶǸ̡
ΪҲҶڶ̶̼֮䣬һĬĬŵСǣһҵС
ЩеĽһֱڷţΪʱҶҵΪĿģΪһĳвͬûκεĳǽ
½ϣΨһһûгǽĳУúܶõ䰲ȫͬʱҲȷɵĳ̶ȣͬʱҶ̬ȡ
ȻҲ˵һ㰲ȫжûУ෴Ҷ˵İȫк㣬ΪҶǵľֻǵİȫЩѹթ顣
ҲһЩҪԵҶ⣬ɳһЩ׼ҶǣҶǵΧͱˡ
ǸʱЩ˲ףԭҶǸͲҪǽҪҶǣͱķߣߵģǾгǽҲǵס
ڴһ֪һ㣬Ͼʱûж˻Ҷҵ⣬ҲҪһĵطףһЩǵжԹϵģΪ⣬Ҫһĵطס
ҵУ½ʵҪĶֻ֮ǰûһ㣬ҶǵһзˣҲΪʱķչü죬ǵҶû뵽ġ
֮ǰֻҪиĵطͬʱҲ˵Ȩֻ⣬ҪһĳС
û뵽ᣬȻһ˵ĳʽҲγһֹ
һУΪҶ˵һ⣬ΪҶ˵ӮС
ⶼʮСӸǴĺˣ˵ʵҶеʼˡЩ飬Ҷид˵
һμ֮ͥϣÿһʱ䣬ҶҾͻһμͥ飬֮⣬ǳԺ֣ҲӼͥĸ顣
Ҷ֮һͳΪ֮ǰһЩ˵ıѣǾбҪģҪü˸еԼһˣҪĺ顣
ΪЩе£ŪһЩ档
ʼҲûУעģ˵ʮܾûϢˣ˭֪ʲôطҶ˵˲֮࣬УֻһˣǾĽᷢ
̣֪ȥ˻岿䡭߸Żش
˭֪һǰ˵һ߸磬߸ʱûͷԷ
ʲôҶ˽Լֵʱ򣬾ͷȻոʲôûȥ
ʲôһҶеε˵
룬ҪҪ֪ͨܵܣȥȸ۹Ҷػش飬ûע⵽ڵĻ⡣
˵ǼʵҶѾˣҲνˣͶ㣬ûмǵʱȥһ¾ͿԡҶСȥȥǺ񶼺ϲ˵Ҳ֪ǿģǲˡ
Ҫ㣬ֵõǼô˵ʼˣʱȥҶʱ֣Ц˵
֮һĲȻһֱûҲûܵӰ죬ɷϣ˶ϣõһ
˵ǣȻȸ۹Ļ̫ʵۣҲĸ磬Ҷ˵˾ˣȷġ
ֻǣҶΪʲôһֱû飬мŲС飬Ҫ˫ȥŬһᡣ
ڻ̫ȸʵͻȻõʱҶҵȫе⣬֪ǲȸ۹ʲô˼֪Ҳôˣ֪Ҫġ
Ȼǵ飬Ҳֻк֪Ͼһǲȸ۹Ļ̫ʵ۵ģݵķʽ˽˵ʡ
ֻҶһЩ֪飬ֻΪǵ˽£ûбҪȥ˵
ҲΪڻ̫飬֪ôһ£ֻ֪һ߹ķ˳ֹ
̫òͺĽ㣬ͿᣬͺҶ˵Ľ㡣
ҶãԼഺפʣǲţԼԺǲҲһ
һ뵽Ҷ;˷ܣκһŮ˷ܣΪഺפ
ȻǸʱӾ棬ԼΪʲôһţһ˾ˣһȸ۹Ļ̫ʵۡ
֪ԼĸĸǺϲ˾ˣΪʱǺ̫ˣһֱҶмš


598 ز䣨2
ʮ֮ſʼ仯õĵͷʵΪе࣬뿪̫ãȥˡ
̫ҶһңҶҲñȽˣе㲻ߵĸоҶ˵Ĳ¥Ȳ迴Ϸƺܡ
󣬻Ϊ⣬Ҳֻ뿪뿪ʱҲˣϵѾôˡ
ǳ̫ȥȸ۹μ磬ѾܶûһգҪľһ˹ȥصصҪҶ˹ȥΪҶҪҶ˼ܶࡣ
ȻгҶҲܷ̫֮Ⲣ򵥣ԲΪȸ۹յ۹ĹϵĻҶѾգǾͲ⡣
֮䣬һбʲôֲ֮ǰҶ˲ţֻоԼС
Ҷ굽ڻ֪ʲôΪûĺģֲֻᣬҲ˻̫ĸ顣
̫ûеֵزҶҶл̫ΪţԼĶŮΪԼǵš
ȻҲϣ¿ԽϾĸŮҲûʲôޣΪʲôֵĺƽΪһʱ֮޷ܶѡ
߷һ֮ҪҲһվеġ
УҪ֪ͨܵܣȻֲ֪ȥˣҪֲ֪ҪˡҶҡͷ˵ȻԼ˼֮С
˵Ҳǣ֪ͨҲܾûмˡͷҲҪҶˣҪҶûмҶˡ
ţȥҶ̵ͷ
Ƕ֪ʲôط𣿡ҶʵǺҪ֪ҶҪôȥ֪ͨҶˡ
ҡ֪ҶҡҡͷѾܾûյҶ˵ϢҲǵһյϢˡ
Ҷ֮УҶ겢Ǹ鱨ģҶ˴ŸĻǲܵһ֪Ҷٵˡ
һ֪ˣӦû߸磬鱨֯ӴĶһ㣬ǶҪϢˡ
أҶʵ飬Ҳ֪ģҪϢûȥ硣
ʱ򣬴ͻȻ֣Ӧڳ羹Ȼڳˡ
ڡˡ
ڴֵʱ˹˵ţܿ˵ˮȥ״
磬ôٵҲҪֲʲô顣߸еֵ˵ͥۻǲμӣʵҲһûµģϾֻǴҾһµ飬Ҫµģȥ£û˻㡣
ΪΪٵż𣿡绺֮󣬱߸˵ôܹҪһϲ
ϲʲôϲѵ˵Ůˣ߸翴磬еЦһֱеãϲŮˡ
ΪһֱûŮѣѾôˣһֱûУÿ춼ǰֵܻһ𣬳
Ļ£Ҷҵĳ֪˵ٴΣûһͷġ
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㣿ʲô߸е㲻ס
ʲôôżҶʵټı飬ԣԿ϶һС
յϢˣʮϢЦ˵ŴûмˣССһӣôҶȴһ£ڴ
飡
ӣҲҶĴ磬ֱӾ͸һͷСӣǲƤˣȻӵθڣ˵ʲôʮϢ
޹ֻ˵ոմϢʮֻصˣһյĻʳǡ
ʲô
˶һϢһ£ȻƽֵЩѾȥץסҡš
Ҷ֮һֻҡ磬ȥջʳʲô֪ʲôǷӻɱģ
ûڳ˶֪飬Ҷȥջʳǻ뻢һ
ʼҾáǱҡˣҰѻ˵ꡭ˵ʱҪͣҲûа취͡
˵
һ˲䣬˶ջ֣һ߶硣
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ҳ𣿡
Ĳ֪ʲôط˵𰡣ʮͻȻջʳǣһԤ׶ûУ˵Ժݽġ
壿
壬ʮǸСʲôͬĵط˵жֳ⣬ͬͷ񡭡


599 ز䣨3
ţǵģǺ壬֪ʲô취޷Ǻ壬˵ĺװǳͣԺлһҪҶ˵ĺʮֵĺ档
֪ҪǰŮӣһƯҶ˵ô᲻֪ΪҶ˻ױ
Ϣơ˵յϢʵܶ࣬󣬻Ҳʵֻ࣬ЩĻ֪
ϢҲ㹻˵Ҷ˵٣˵ҶЩʲô顣
ʲôȥ׷£
Ϊף
ǰɣӵСе㱾¡
С˵Ȼֱȥ˼¸ˡ

˵̾ΪҶ˵ЩǸе⣬Ҳûд˵
ҲΪѾϰҶ˵Щ⣬һ£Ҳ֮еģ
⻹ʲô֪֪ʲô飬ǸǾ벻ģһֺӣ·Ҷһ
ϻ벻˵

֮ʮ½յı̰Ǿŵĵ̣Ƕ֪ģͬʱ̰Ǿſű飬Ҳ֪ģ۹Ҳûа취֡
˵ֻ̰Ǿȴʮ̬ǵѪùˣ
ôùеʵ
ǱɱˣڱѾ۹ˡ˵
е⣬Ȼ̰ǾŻᵹùȴû뵽ôףֻȴһ㡪
صܵʲô飬ң̰ǾǱġҶʳ⣬ǾҶӦòͣһţûȥ
Ҫ˵ҲӦɱȥҶֻһߣ
Ҳģ˭뵽ܽһ˭Ż췽ҹ̷顣
Ȼȫ㶨˵ʱ˶ͷ˵ӦֻǺܿף鲢
Ҫԭɱ˱˶ʮˣаʮǵľųǼˣں̵ܶʱ̰Ǿŵ
ܰɣôģ
˶ţͬʱҲһͣǾҶ˵
ȷвٵĳɷ֣ҪԭǡʮСӵٰ˼ʮ˸ˡ
Ĭûκε

Ƶڴ½úܶ˶ΪĬȵȲŵı顣
ЩǴ½ĸ߲㣬һǼΪȨĸ߲㣬һ˲֪飬Ϊ鱻ˣֻ֪̰ͨǾűˡ
ҲΪ½ϲ֪Ҷħ˸ŪһŪôˡ
֪Ļǽ𺳡
ʱ¼ҶѾ˻岿䣬֮·ϲûзʲôر飬ҲֻС£ºɵĽҶ˵гš
ҲҺڣȻĻҶҲ֪ܲô˳֪µ˸ее֣Ǿ֣ǱҶ˰ܹ
ү
Ҷ岿ʱ򣬻Ѿ·ڵȴҶ˳ֵʱ򣬾һˣ˵Ҷˡ
ȻرҶˣ
ͬʱҲس
椣ôˣ˵ڵصҶеɻ󣬱ŻеĻ椣ĵʵ
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ΪĲŻʵҲᵣҶˣҶӦòʲô飬Ҷһ·ϣ״˵Ķ࣬ΧΣ̰֮Ǿս
յЩϢʱ򣬻椺޲ԼɵҶ˵ߣҶˣ
ͬʱԼҲеԹΪҶЩյ飬ΪĸףҶҪǳʲôĻһӶԭԼ
Ҷ˲ΪĸףҲһܣڵ̶ȡ
ܳʲô飬ҪĸˣҶ˵ҪƿеĻ椣һ鶼⡣
Ŷ֪ˣ椱Ҫһ£֮Ҳ˵ʲô̴ҶҶˡ
С㣬ãʱ򣬻椿һЩ£òԵһ䡣
ã̩ţ㳤ˡγһ˵仰붼ûȻһʵƺڻϣǲӦõġ
椳ĬˣƣԼ㳤ˣǱǰܶࡣ


600 ƣ1
ǺǣҪ֣ҲǸ˼ƺ˲ף̵Ǹֻֻøӵԡ
椲֪ôȥش
ˣ˵ˣʱҶƺڰﻢ椽ΧŻ椵С־ͳȥ
ʱ˿̣椷Ҷƺôֻǣܿ죬͸ı뷨еҶǱ
Ǹʲôû˵椵ȷǳˣǰ°ʹڵҵļ򡭡ףǳˣǱ䰫ˣҶͻȻԺˡ
ˡ
Ȼǳˣ˵
ΪʲôڷֻҼߣҶɻ󣬿СӹĹĵĻ椡
ΪҲڳߣû㳤ÿ죬ߣүǻ¶ɰСƺҪҧ˵ӣֻǣôȥҧү
Ŷ㳤ñΪүҪٷ磬ߴͣ㽿СɰˡҶ˵ͷȻ˵š
ҲҪҲҪҲҪСɰһ᳤ߵģҿǻ壡ҡҡͷ˵˲顣
Ѿ˷ڣҪѾˡҶ˺ܲش
椵ͷû÷
¿Ϊ椻ٻҶһʱ䣬Լˣ׻椲Ҷ˵ֻǶݵģת۾ǡ
ûתۣ
ת۹󣬻Ҷ˾Ϳʼ˵ˣ˵˷ֿ֮һЩ飬˵Ҷ˵飬椶ǺţΪҶ˻ϲΪҶǳΪҶ˵š
ˣ紫˵еӰ룬ϵ֮Զ޷Աȡ
椣Ҵӻʹ˳ǣģƯɣҶ˵֮ͻȻһ飬óһʮƯĵ
ɲһĵǵýģ滹Ƕźܶ౦ʯĵӦԵúݻֵǣȴûиָо
Ȼݳ޵Ľ鱦Ƴɣȴһ棬һһֲεһ仰ݣ鱦ݻѾˣ
ⲻǻϲâƣҶˣҪǻ֪ƣһ㣡ºĻϲġ
ʵ²֪֪ˣô᲻֪ⶫҶ͵õģҶ˭˳Ķ
֪âƲʱѾ뵽ҶˣԴҲǺ޵ҧҧģҪץסҶ˺ݺһ٣ֻҶûиᣬҪץסĻҶ˾Ͳˡ
ͺˣҲνˣҶʼ򣬶Դ˸һӡ

͸ҵллүҲֻ֪ⶫҶ͸ģֻҪ֪һ㹻ˡ
ţҶ˵ͷһһЩģһ㣬һ·ġ
ã椵ͷ
ʱ¸ӿ϶ҶǶôҪ˵ĻҶ˶ǲãҪ˵ˡ
Ȼµ뷨Ҷһᷴԣ˵ǰһǵҽ㣬ǵСߣǵ÷šǸ˭أ
С㣬ү
е㾪ȵ֮УҶ뻢˻岿䣬һ·Щ嶼ҶΪүС㡣
׻ƺʱҶѾǻ岿ŮԣҽСǺġ
ֻǣҶүʲô˼
ѵŵλɣе㲻˼飬Ǻٳģ仹ǽүǶ˵ƺһ衣
ܶʱ˽үʲôģΪǱūš
²֪ʱ˽ҶΪүʵһƺʲôֻΪŵȵ˶ҶˣҲѧŽˣ˳ҲͲΪʲôˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˱˻岿Ļ峤棬Ųٵ˷ء
֮ǰ峤ˣѾˣãһɱлȥ
ڿҶ˽ʱǿʼе䱸ϵû椣Ҳһе䱸
֪ҶǸ峤壬ǲſʼ䱸һʼǲûϳҶ˭ҲǺģ˵嶼ǲģҶǼҲһϳ
Щˣкܶ඼ûмҶ˵ģǾ͸Ӳ֪Ҷ˭
Ƕ֪ҶǾ峤ˣ峤֮ûΪҶˣǣǾΪҶ·
£׸ң׼ʼˡҶ峤ǰ棬˼峤ȷûг֮󣬱׼ʼˡ
ʱ·ˣУ


601 ƣ2
ôˣ£ǴӦҵģҸˣҽһֻһᣬҲкôģ֮ǰӦˣôַˣҶе㲻˵ؿ£üͷ΢΢
Ҳûзڣֻǡе죬С˵ţû˵ʱҶѾ
ûзھͲҪֻʲôˣ㣬׸ңһҪءҶһֻ̯ƣ˼ѾԶˡ
ͲҰѻ˵𣡣ºݺݵһҶ˵ƣûصҶһۡ
Ҫ˵ʲôܲܵ˵ҪҶе㲻͵˵һߵĻҲǿ£е㲻ס
˵УȻҲܸס°Ҷһۣ˼˵ôôһ󱿵
Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ů鷳Ҷ˸Ӳͷˣ˳µ˼˵ʲô
ܲǶȥ¿˿˵
Ļ㲻֮˵ҪŪػҶֱӵ˵һҪ˵Ļ
˵ĻΪʲôҪñأ
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˶ȥѵҪ˵˵ĻҶͷе㲻ʵ
ֻǶȥҪģҪ˵ĻΪ˭Һ˵ʲôĻ¿ҶһҺ㲻ӡ
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ϻѵô˿óºҶһۣ¶һ˿Ρ
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ЩҲ뿪ˣҶҽʦֻܾǵ峤ʱȻҶ˵Ҫ
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µ״ûȥ⣬²⣬ӦҪ顣
ˣǻƻ·ģֲҪ˻رܡʱ򣬻Ҳ飬֪Ҫʲô
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602 ƣ3
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603 1
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604 2
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605 3
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ǵģŵе㲻˼˵ʱƵһ˭µˣ˼Ҫʦˣʲô취


606 Ĵͬߣ1
ߣǺ⣬ԼҲǰңֱҵף治֪Ǹøл㣬Ǹú㣡±е㸴ӵ˵
˵ûҶ׷һϷ¾ͲᱻҶˡġȻ˵ҶˣҲһԹϾǱҶ˸ƭ˸顣
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ûһãҲܻñƭһ㣬Ϊõļ䣬Լһ޷ǡ
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ԵԵֵԵҲԵԵ


607 Ĵͬߣ2
ǰ棡֪ͻǲҲһܵĻҾʲôԷˣЦ˵
ҺͻϣŶ˵ɣǲܵģѾγһԵǸһҲԵҶ˵
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ûģҺҲûеҪԷĵزҪɱҲһ׵飬СᣡҶҡͷ˵
үǸ˵˷ʱ;ʲô˯һʵһ㡣ʱ򣬻еˣҶ֮飬Ϊ顣
Ҷ߹ĹϵעһɱԼĸףԼֵܽãҲ߹ĸֵܽá
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ǡе⿴Ů
ү˯һǾͲһºһҪȥ֮ǣҲҪʮ֮ŻŵȻش
ֻǲռˣҪռһռºǱ뺷˵

ǣҶ˾˯֮ϣһվһСһҹ
һҶܾԼ񱻼ɽѹţͷǱѹš
һҶ˼ÿ춼һ𣬰Ϊ˿ƣϾ˯һĸǴͬߣȻǴĴͬߡ
ʱ֮УҪʱһ㣬ԼԼԼүһ𣬵ԽҪһ㣬ʱ䷴һת֮ȥ
ܿ죬ʱ͵ˣһ¾ȥˣ
ŵǰ֮ǵӾҪˡ
ǰһҹ岿һγᣬ˻ͻŵȵǰ֮ǵ֮⣬˳㻶һҶˡ
Ҷ׼ͬһ뿪ǰȸ۹
һڼ䣬ҶյҶǵţġҪҪڽʮ֮ǰȸʳǵǡ
ѾˣҲʱǰˣ
Դˣ椵˶֪Ҳ֪ҶѾ´Э飬»صյ۹֮󣬲ܽҶ˵ٸκˡ
ҪᣬҶһǰȸ۹Ҫȸ۹ûȥĵй
ΪǵйǲҶһȥһᱻȸ۹˷֣ʱһȥ
ԼһȥĻҲᱻ֣ҶôĿ꣬ǲܲ֡
Ҷ˵ʱ˼棬ߣǲϱ˵һ
ҶҲȥȸ۹ôϲǱߣȥԣ̫˾еͷʹ˽¼νҪʲô
ֻǣҶûа취ܾİţʵҲ֪ȥҪҪԼҸԼ档
Դ뿪Ҷ֮ѾһûмˣҶ껹мһΣȴһζûУܲϰߣкٴμԼıӡ
֪βҶ˹ȥҶ˿ܻڼ湻ˣŻҲ˵ԼҪϼܼԼıӡ
ɲҪģ
ͬʱǰȸ۹ҶҲǻһͬУһε岻һȫԽԽãҶǱҪȥġ
ô˵Ҷ뻢ڻ岿֮ǰϣɹһĵҹ
ҹҶ˲֪岿ԭô飬кܶرĶҶ뻢椣£ŵȶòֺ


608 Ĵͬߣ3
ҹǷſȥ棬ñȽϷ裬Ҷ˻ص̻óŵ̻һסȫ˵
Ҷ˱ǰһ˯ͬһŴ֮ϣɹһ˯һҹ
үˣ椿Ҷˣһŷֱ˸Ϸ
ţСһ㣬Сᱣ㣡СʨҲȥҶ˵ͷԸ
ҶҲ֪Ϊʲôܾûһȥ֮ǻᷢʲô飬ֻһоҲ֪׼׼
Ϊ˷ֹʲô״Ҷ˾Сȥ椣ȻѾ켶ĸ֣һҲǻ
СԶʮСʱıţԲ߲ݣһѵıڣ
ٴСڵġ˹ܡøǿԵһЩӵ񣬲Ҫһָӡ
ͬʱҪǣʲôСǿҶ˷źţźŵķΧҶĺǣҲһԴ͵ĵ
ҲСı仯֮һ
ôҲСԼҶ˸ҪҶ˶Դ˺ǼҲûκεİ취
ͬʱҲ֪½ûж˿ԶԸҶˣҶ˵ԱǾǿġ
СʨӣҶҲŻ椣ʵҲҶ˵˼СʨӡˡԸҲȽ϶һ㡣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôСʨڼ椵ʱ򣬾ֳһֺ£սսվһ߿Ż椣Ҷ˴ûмġ
СʨƺǶԻе㾴ηͷԣ
Ҫ˵СʨӶԻ椵ʵηƺе˵ͨϾ椵ʵȻǿƲû¶սƴɱҪˣûСʨӶ¾η
˵ΪǻĻǾ͸ӳˣ峤ӦǸţĻ壬ʱСʨ˦˦˼ҡ
ʵ벻ͨ
ѵСʨҪ椵⣿ѻ椵ͨҰޣҶаȻȥȷ飬еǣʨӾȻǴͬġ
ʨӣûԱ֣֮а뷨ˣ
ȥҶ˶벻ͨ飬ǣͲˣ

үܸܲҳһ׸衣ʱ̣Цʵ
ˣѿģҶҡҡͷڲôϲ衣
Ǿ͵һף˶Ρ
УҪףҶ˲ûоܾǣϵȴ̷ˡ
𰡣̩ţѵҪȥڤҶҪǲСĵϴ֣ǲˣ


߻ŵȵĶ飬£ҶҲŴҸ׼ǰȸ۹ɲȥ··
үһ·ߺãҲģҪ棡
ү

Ҷ벻Լߵʱ򣬻岿侹ȻôԼƺ֮ǰͻǵĻҪ࣬ǸҲǵҪˡ
ڲ֪֮䣬ҶѾｨ˲ٵܶ˶ϲ
ⲻǻ岿䣬Ǻ廢壬Ĳ䣬Ĳ壬ǽܹҶ˵ƵģԶסҶ˵Ķݡ
岻ͬǼסһ˵ĶݣͻһӼסҾǵˮ֮ؽӿȪ౨
ԺҶҪʲô飬Ⱥһƴȥ
Ҷ˵ƺĺܲûһطܵһ˵𾴣õһȺ˵ĸж
һΣҶ˵ǺɣһڣСβͶڣֻǣҲļʱ
ӻ岿ǰȸ۹Ҫһµ·̣˵Ҫ·ĻʮͿԵҶʱ򲻼һ·˳㿴羰Ϸһ˼䡣
ΪҶ˲ܾգͱӰ۹ȥֻһʡӵԣӦòᷢʲô顣
Ҷ밬۹ûʲô𣬾㱻ϳҲΪ
һ죬Ҷ۹һô۵СǣСȻС˵㣬ȫеС
Ҷ֮󣬱㸶˳ѣȥԼһС֮תơ
һ·ϣҶ˶ÿһطͻһҲΪ˲ñ˲鵽٣ͬʱҲһ㡣
Ȼĵطģ֮ʱǰȸ۹һ
Ҷ˵ĵûСʲô仯Щƺ˸࣬СȽϴĵطÿ춼вٵ·
ҶСתһ£Ȼ˼СԵĵطһᣬţż⣬һ߳ţһȥҵطס
ؤҹԶһ㣡
ҶǰͻȻɹһ壬ͬʱһֺܲмغǣҶֿһ㣬ܿǸ塣


609 ƣ1
飡
һص죬΢΢ҵ
ʱҶ˲ŷ֣ԼˣԼӦȥǸ壬ҪסŶԡ
˼ңû£
ǲһˣҶȥʵ鿴һ˵塣
û£λүܸܲһЩԵģѾܾûгԶˡ˿ҶеĿ⣬֮ƺ˿ˮ˵Ҳûôңϵʹһ
㣡ҶҲûԥʲôеĿݸˣڽ֮󣬱̴ڳԼе
ŵԣСҭţҶ˿ͺĵ˵һ䡣
ȿȡӦҶ˵ĻʼҭˣôԼؿڣ㵸Ҫˮ
ȵҶ˽һƿ֭ݸˡ
˹ˡ
˽֭£˱ҭŵһȻڳ⣬Ƕˡ
СӣʲôˣոǸмٴҶ˿ȥͿһ·ŵӵܡ
ãҽҶˡҶʵشʱ˿̣ûбҪȥʲôԼʲôֲʲôܡ
Ҷ˵Ҳֹһ߱ʲôϵġ
ҶˣҶģؤʲôˣӵܹȻûעҶ˭̫ͨˣȴҶҶ
ҲҶģ˵Ҷġ
ӡͻȻ˵
Ҷ˶е㲻ˣԼôͻȻ˵ӣԿ϶һ飬ӦǸˡ
ǰӵ֪һЩ
ӣѾ𣿡ӵ˵
Ǳ˵ĴԣûͻȻƺڶӵܵĻĲҲƺǲ顣
ûӵеԻ󣬲ܿԻʧȡ֮һֲмΣһ
ҵӲǷ˺
Ҷ˻Ի֮С
ʵҶ˲֪˵һһԣ˳֮ΪҪ½ʲôɼʵ̫ˡ
˵ҲǲȻԣҲܸԵˣֻǣȥμһðջΪˡ
ߣǷ㲻Ҳûáӵ˵
ӲǷûҡͷƺ˵š
Ҷ˿ѡֱˣûӵܣͬҲûˣҪȥסĵطûʱȥܱ˵顣
˸ոԵ޹ʰ˵ԼӣҶ˸еһ˿ˬ˵ģʲôֵͬɣܣ

ӵܿҶˣûпǣǾ֪Ҷȫǡ
ƺеڣԼΪʲôǰ˵˵ˣѾðꡣ
ֻǣ˻еϣϣҶʱһӣһź٣ʱҪ顣
ԭҶҲ֪ող鿴˵֮ʱѾףѾҪ;ƿݵĵزѾʱ޶ˡ
սᣬҶ˾ٴҲֹһЩƷʹֶΡ
ֻǣ̸ףҶҲȥΥѭ顣
ҪѾزҶֱȥˣӣͬĻǲԼүү
ΪԼͿҲռԼҪͬ飬˾Ͳֵÿˡ
ԣҶ˻ѡܸɴӣ
Ҷģʲô˼ӵܵסҶ˵ȥ·ѵүү𣿡
ҲӣÿҶü˵
㲻ǣؤӺʶʱ񰡣ֱӷ㣬ܺúܺãСӣĸϲ޳ܣǸӵܴЦ˵
ڴʱϵĹҲʼˣҶҶָָġ
Ĺӵܶһ뷨ǾҶ˱Ǹ˵ӣֻΪ˵ݵ΢ڲȥϡ
һЩ˻ĸˣϹϵʱ䣬ڵ֮ϣ˴ڡ
Щǲøжôһ£ֻ֪ΪӶ˸ĸĸܣ
ʱҶ˲Ĳǣڳ˲ȥ룬һΪĿ
޳ܣұͲӣͷе㻵ˣ˵Ҷ˰ڰ˵ÿһ£Ҫȥ
СӣҽҪһˣ֪ʲôТӵ˵
ģҶһ仰֮󣬾Ǹӵܣû˿ôȥģֻ֪ոӵܵǰ棬һѾ䱳


610 ƣ2
ӵһ㶣ոֻǾۻһ£ԼǰǸ˾Ͳˣӱϵ˵뷴Ӧ֮УƺףǸԼ
ǣӵ̻ǰȥҶˣеˣӵܿɲͨˣȻ竣Ҳ竵ʱŹ˵츳Ѿһ˼ߡ
½ôѾ˰˼Ǻܲģǿֵýģ
Ϊһ˼ߣȴûзҶôƹԼģıأ
ѵҲСģʲô
ҶģѾٵȼˣӵһƵҶ˵ǰҪҶ˵ʵ
˵Ҷ˵ʵȽϵ͵ĻͿ϶ԼոǲСģͻٴ˵Ҷ˵ʵߵĻͻˣٹ顣
ȼʲôҶе֣һûнȼԼʵϵһ𣬱Ͼ˻
߻ħʦȼ㲻Ҫװˣӵ˵
Ŷ˵ҲҲħʦԣûеȼҶʵشûпȼȻûС
˵ģ㲻ߣҲħʦӵеʵǸոյʲôͨԼǰʧ
񲻿ܣСǲˣң
ǵģֻһ·ˣǲҪңͷˣȥ׼°ɣҶ˰ڰ֣ǰȥ
ͻȻһҶˣƺе㲻ŵӡ
Ҳ֪Լ״Ĺ㣬ƺûô죬ڼȻҶ˵ǾһգԣҶ˵Լܻȥ
ߣƭȥɣ㱾һߣôˣ㲻ûһȼûУУүүȥµȻ졣ӵ˵
ž
Ҷ֣һƴӵܵϣǺ׵ӡף壬һʹ
Ҵң
ӵܱһᣬȻŭشʱѾʱһ£ǾҶ˵һԼôûжȥ
ոҶ˵һƿǺͻȻһͨİƣΪ˼ߵӵܾȻˣֵֵ顣
˻˵ӵûע⣬Ҷ˸͵ϮˣʵϣǱ͵ϮˣӵҲӦñһʲôȼûе˴С
ܴа˼ߣǿҲֻһͣǾ˱ҲŲ׵ʵ
ʵǾͱʾ֮ǰ˵ûеȼһԣǾͱʾźǿʵҲ˵
һ㣬˵ǸӵĻǾһСһ㣬ʱûôֻ࣬Ϊŭա
Ĵ֮ͥ£һƣ黻κ˶ԽܣοӵС֮бģǾ͸Ӳˣ
Ϊʲôң´˵Сһ㣬үүúܺãҶ˵
Լ˵ģүүڡ
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˵˵һΣͷҵκˣҶûмҶָ˵ʱҶ˵ĻҲһЩȥˣҶ˿ĲԼ
ӵܶҴô᲻Լүү˭أ
㲻ҪƱˣ˵ǣӵܱŭͷԣ˵¡
˵Ǿ˵ӣ𣿡Ҷ˷ʵ
ûбҪƭңֲʶΪʲô˵ǣӵܵЩˣҶ˵Թȴûȥ
֪ˣҰҪңҲүʲôݵˣ·˿ģϵȵģҶ˺ǲм˵
ʱƺҶ˵Ĵţǿɲͨ˵Ĵţϵһ·ʱܱͨһ׬ĻҪࡣ
ӵҲɻˣڶʱǼҲ·οڶѾûˡ
û£үҪȥõϢˣˣ㲻ĵͷ֪֪õõҶ˿Ǹӵʵ
˭ǵͷߣֲǻ죬õõ꣬ҿԸ㣬ǰ棬ɲˡӵ˵
ãүΨһİþǰܼңллˡҶЦЦл֮󣬾׼ȥǸط
л¡ҿ
ӵͻȻһ£ǾԼҶƵʻû㣬ոΪ˵Ҷ˵Ĺϵˡ
ҪǲĻӵǲݵģ


611 ƣ3
ʲôҶ˿վԼǰӵܣ壬Ѿαˡ
ʲôƣѵҪߵ𣿡ӵ˵
ԲҲ£ֻո˵еԣҲŻơҶǸ˵ֻȴڴ̼ˣ˸оʲôǸġ
Բ˵ԲҪӵ˵
ŶǾưɣҶվﵭ˵ƺгǸһ˴ȥˣѾˡ
Ҷ˵仰ӵܴһ£ΪҪһ벻Ҷ˾ȻԼȥû뵽ģҲûмġ
һ˵ʱ򣬱˾֪ˣҲ˴ȥǸ
ãվˣӵ˵ڣƣҪһƽҶ˸ĸо
֣һƺݺݵȹȥþȫ
ž
ӵҪʵȴûİˣҶ˲֪ôȥˡ
ȥһʱƲסһȾڵϣҺãģûгܡ
ҶһվԼǰӵŭվ֮һƹȥһƣˣ·ҪԼеȥ޲ðҶ˸
ʱκ˶ܸɾóӵܵŭж󣡣
ֻǣһΣһˣ
ǲ֪ҶôȥģһУΪһתһȦס塣
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ˣ㣿ҿûʱ䣡ˣѾˣǾûˣˡҶĿޱ˵
ʲôҴˣոնȥˣӵŭ˵
ֻ˵򣬲û˵Ҳ㰡Ҷ˴˵дţôô׳յı顣
ӵҪץˣ˵㲻ܶ㣡
Ϊʲôܶ㣿㣬ҴĻ᲻㣿Ҷеֵؿӵܡ
Ȼ㣬Ϊǰ׳𣬻վ򡣡ӵ˵
ǾˣҵȻҪˣȻҾͺһ׳ˡҶ˴˵
ոմңԲܶ㣡
Ҵû㲻㿪Լ㲻ܹ𣿡Ҷ˺ǲм˵

Ҷ˵ĻӵܳĬˣҶ˵Щ˵ͨǾе⣬ֻǵ˵
ԣģ
ӵվڽ˺ܾãͨˣʱֻԼ϶ԼָָˣҶѾˡ
ξˣҼסˣ

ʱҶʲôأ
ոסǸõ꣬õĲ֮гԷʱһе㲻Ӱˣֻ壬ûʲôж
ֱǰǿģмԺҪߡ
ſңλүĿˣģ
Ǵţ⻰üԺеɣҶߡ
ſɣҶ˿ˣü˵
ǵģˣԺҶ˵ҲͲΪǸˣʩˡ
ɣϵĶԣҪ㣬ҪٰԼ˼ǿҵϣڣȻһΣҾͻ㲻ҶüȻ׼뿪ûʲôһԡ
ԲҶүҲǹģֻ˵ѾӣҰɡǸ˵֮ǰҶǸˣԳҶүүǸ
԰æȻΪҲϲѵͿҪ£ֻǿ㣬ǷģҶĮ˵
˵֮ǰǴųϿǲһ°æ˴һʼԼĿԼϣǿҪҶʲôͺҶǷʲôƵġ
⣬Ҷ˸еܲˬе㷴С
֪ˣҶүܲ㣬һԸΨһԸҲкôģ˶Ҷ˵
Ҷæˣɲ뱻˹ݣ仹˼ңǻ۸ģ
ͷ㲻Ҫңܲ˵˵⵽ʲô飬һɡҶ˵Ȼ˼Ҷ¹ˣǻ˵ʲô
Ĵ£Ȼ˵˵㣬ܲҸ徻ĵط˵
ԣǾȥԺӡҶ˵ͷ
ԥһ£˿ϵʳ
Сҵ͵ҵԺҶ˿óҪԶģһ֪˺ܳʱˡ
֮ǰʱҶ˵һ㿾ƺԶԶӣ


612 ¾Ž1
ˣ˵˰ɣ
Ҷڵ˳궫֮󣬲ſʼʻ
ҶүҲҶҶʤȻǣҲһ壬ǰ۹Ĺ壬ϮоֻҪԸҾͽϮλ㡣Ѿ洫ˣˣҲҶʤ˵
λһоҲϡҶֱ˵
Ҷ˵仰óҶŸݵˣССоǿ۵ģҲһ֤Ҷ˲һͨš
ҶүʵλǿۼӵģõһλͬʱҲԭľλȻо˵ʲô԰ۼӣкôġҶʤ˵
ۼӸëֲǰ۹ģҲȤ㻹ֱ˵ʲô飿ҶֱӾܾҶʤľλ
⣬Ҫܼ򵥣ֻǰ͵֮ǵĹ¼ңһ׸ˣ˵㻹ġҶʤ˵
ô򵥵飬Ӷ͹ȥˣǮҸ㣬鷳Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
ͰѣҶ˲ûпȥ֮ǣҪȥȸ۹ȥǱߵĻҲ֪ʱü
ô򵥵飬Ӷˣһٱ飬ӶһὫɵģҪģ
岻ӶͣйһԼ顣Ҷʤҡҡͷ
Ҳһһˣ˼ֻΪ飬Ǿұˣңһҵ顣Ҷ˵˵
ҶʤҶˣ˵ӦҵȥҵѾȫûˣԣֻȥкôġ
֪֪׸ǹ¼ļ¼Ѿǰ۹Ȩļ֮һǰ׸ұǲģƾԼ֣ϼĶӣľӪѾ¼ҳΪ۹ǿļ֮һ
ҵģФҵļ·ֻڱ˵Ϣ¹Ӳд
˵ڻʵ˵Ҳδһ£ֻ֮ǰϣܴҵļ壬ǰ¼ң׸Լɣ
Ҷû˵ƺûҶʤĻ
ү㵽ûҵҪ󲻹ְ벻֪ҵԼҪԼĻҲȥֻҪװҵӣͿõԼҶʤ˵Ҷ˵˼ƺȫûκεȤ
װӣװӣȫҶװӣҶ˲ˣѾ˵һˣҶʤȻ˵һŰ߷Ѿܲˡ
Ҷ벻飬ҶʤĲ֮󣬾¹򣬻æ˵ӣӣֻҪܴӦȥҾΣ
𶯲͹˵ˣ˼ҹңһ۸ģǲںңҶֹҶʤ˫ϥûŵصһֱ̣ӵסˡ
ӦңҾ͹ﲻˣҶʤ¹ҪҶ˴ӦΪֹ
вңҶ˿Ҷʤŭʵ
Ҳв㣬ֻ󣡡Ҷʤæҡͷ
Ҷ˾ûзֱĬˣڼһʱ䣬ȥ֮ǣȻȥȸǣڼҪٵʱ䡣
ѾǾˣһµʱ䣬ҲģǵдţʱӦʮµѮҪʮ֮ǰʵһʱ俴ЩҪ˵һ¡
һĻǿԸϣֻһ¶ҲҪ
ңȥһ°֮Ҳ۹Ͱ۹Ļʳǻûȥ۹ʳʲôͬҲ
ðɣҰ͹ȥˣʲôҪ˵ģҲ԰㴫Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
ȷˣҶ˵ﰬ֮ǵʱҶʤѾˣ
лл㣡˵ʲôʵҲûʲôװˣҵԶݣҲҶǰһңҲƭˡҶʤͻȻ뵽һеİ취
ǿԣҶ˵ͷҲѣװһҲҪҶе֣ΪʲôһҪװأ
ǣҶ˾ͽ˳ҶʤҪõ𰸡
ʵкô˵ҲҪ壬Һ׸һԼ
˵֪ˣܲ⣡˵˵ʲôԼҶ˺ĴϣҶʤԼѾܶΣʼնû˵Լľʲô
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ʱ򣬹㳡֮ϲûʲôˣ˿ҶˣҲǾҶϸĻǿоġ
֪˶ã㳡ϵԽԽ࣬ԽԽҶҲǸʱͣҲܱһЩŵˣȥˡ
ͣЩ
˶ˣҶ˾θҲˣ׼һʳ˴룬ȻԾȥ˶һ£ȻѶˡ
ⶫҲǰ׵õģԼԤ㲻ɣ
ã
Ҷ˵˶ĽԽԽӯ鶯˾һֻһ㣬ǡȥ˲ıסˡ
ʱ򣬴ҾҶⲻ轣Ӧ˵ǽ裡
ƯĽ
ǽ裡
һߵ˿ʼҶʱûЩѾԼȫĵ뵽¼ȥ򽣷У
Ҷջģս뿪ʱŷԼڳ˵Ľ㣬Լ˵յһ
ףȵȣյģ
ллλС·󱦵أû̲ϣλǮǮûǮ˳һξĻҶ˵Ŀб
ϵ˳Ĭˣ벻Ҷ˻Ϊе㲻Ҷ⻰˼Ҫһ¡
ҶóǮڴǰʱ򣬴ѾˣԭҪǮġ
С
˿ʼȻˡ
ҲóǮҶˣϾոҶ˵ĽǾúܾʣǮҲӦõġ
棡
Ҷ˶ڵϼǮʱԽԽˣһݻһǶ棬Ǻ˼ġ
Сӣץˣ㾹Ȼգûнѣ

Ҷŵʱ˹飬ŵģʼе㲻ˬˡ
׺ӹҶ˰ΧһŲҶ˱ҪǮĵط
ǹ㳡ǵ۹ģֲģҶ˵
ʲô۹ģӵģҵ۹㡣һ˭㣡һ׺ӴЦ
⻰ʲô˼ôˣѵ۹û𣿡Ҷ˴ʵ
УᱣСӣ
ǻ᲻ᱣأҶʵ
ҲҪ


619 ˭Ϸˣ˭3
仰ͶˣӦ˵⻰ˣһԶǻ˵ģ㲻˵ҶϰˣҶ˿Ǽ˵
ʲô
Ӿ

ˣûУܲƶһ£ҼǮҶʱֿʼڵϼǮˡ
Сӣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣǼ˵
ҲȾƣҶڻش
ĬһᣬȻһ¡
ϴСӿˣǣ
Ҳˣ
ô죿
ô죿Ȼˣ
ϣ
Ҷˣ׼ѵѵҶˣҪҶ֪˭ĵ̡
ˢˢ
ֻԼǰйʲôâǰǸСҲˣǾͺݺݵײһ

Сӣߣ
عͷǿҶһߣͼҪ׷ܿ죬ǾͱһˣƺǵĿӡ
ǵĿڴʱѾȫ
㳡֮ϵˣһĻʼЦ
ӵĿôˣ
ϴҲǡ
ǱϷŪˡ
ǻÿֻһּһٿпڣͿ֪ǱŪϵġ
ոգֻҶǵߣ
ѵǵĻĳҲ̫˰ɣ
е㲻ŵؿҶˣԼһǰҶͣǵĻǾҪһԼķԼҶԡ
ôһ˲ԼĿҲһͬʱԼĲӡ
ݻûҼ׷ҶˣǮˣֻǵҪȥʱȴֵѾûκεǮҡ

ô£ոս²ǻкܶѵСӵԭ

ʣ¼ʲôط
һֵҶٴ·Ѿʹܶ·ǻʲҪʹ߲֮ط
һ·֮󣬱ʧ˷޷
֮ǰʱֻ¼Ҳֵˣ¼ʮôԶ
¼ңҲҪȥһɡһҶ˺ˣҵһһˡ
ллˣҶ˵л
ÿ˵ԺǻҪ໥ӦЦ˵
Ҷ˵ĴŲ࣬Ǵֲµģƽ񣬻ΪҶеиС
ܿ죬Ҷ˾˹¼ңſھۼźܶˣȻ࣬д򣬶Ŷš
ǰɣȥҲҪŶӣ¼ô£ͥУ
Ҷʵ֪¼ƽʱҲûôæȻÿǱȽ϶ģûеŶӵĳ̶ȡ
ΪʲôֻΪ¼ڽһμҪһЩˣ¼ҵ˴һֱܺãϹ¼Ǵ壬ʱܽӴȨߣԺܶ˶Ҫݹ
ÿ춼ŶӽȥʱԽԽ࣡
Ҷ˲֪Ϊȥ˻ҪŶӣǺһŶӣֱܻȥʣȥˡ
Ȼ˵˲һȥҲͲҪŶӡ
ҶŶŶӣŶӡ
䣬س
Ҷˣʮسһͣ
ͣ߼ˣ
֪û
ǾȽȥ
ҶŵˣʱҲشˣûȥԼЩʲô
ֻ֪Լڻش֮󣬱˾ȥˣǰһط
ʱҶһǸĽҶһۣҪȥĵطҶǲͬġ
һι¼ƸˣǶ෽ģеÿְλҪˣģʮֵĴҲΪʲôô˵Ҫԭ
֮ǰĽҶˣΪҶҪȥһõĵطǾǹ¼ҵĻὣˣȻҪǱߡ
Ҷе֣ôֿˣǰ˴ԼȥôһԼѵ֪Լ˭أ
Ǽ˶࣬ԷֿдɣҲһҪǸ׸ȼˣ˰ѻ׸Ҳһġ
Ҷţνļǰţ
ܿ죬˹¼ҵ䳡ǻĲԵ㣬Ҫͨž벻롣
¼ˣȻҪһʼ͵飬ҪȺϸ֮ٽе飬ȻĻҪ˲ܽеڶ
Ҷ˵֮ȫһЩЩμӿ˵ˣȻҪ˵ˡ
ʲôˣڿҶ˵ʱ򣬶¶һӵı飬ǾãҶƽ񣬶ҲǵͨĻ̫ڴ
ͬʱЩע⵽ҶŵĳǾе֣⽣ҲСһ㣬ܳܵס


620 1
Ⱥҹһ¡
䳡м䣬һֶҶ˵ţӦǸ֣ʣڵλã
һ֣
ǹ¼һȽʵģһżߡ
ǲǻ㣬ˣҶ˴ʵʱڰ¼ôô֣˻Ҫһ
ңǾͿıˣǸִЦΪҶ˵Ҫ˵Цһġ
ڳĺܶҲͬĿҶ˲Ӯ
ˣ
Ҷ˶ǸһȻʾ԰νˡ
ҪҶ֣Ҷ˵˼Ǹе⣬û뵽Ҷ˾ȻҪԼȳ֡
⼸ѡΣվ˳֣Ȼܱˣûȳֵģ
ţҶ˵ͷ
ȷǸٴʵ
ǵģȻû֣Ҷ˵һʵ¾ŽǺģǿǿԷֵĻûа취֡
û֣ͱʾûеĶ¾Žôȥأ
ȻҲԳֱ˳֣Ҷ˿ɲ˷ʱ뾫ҪһƵУȻȥǸ׸
ҾʶʶǸеˣҶ˵̬ҪֽѵһҶˡ
룡Ҷ˻Ǻܵ˵ûаγֻŽ
Ǹ־͸ˣڵǿҵȥѵҶˣҪҶʹһ¡
ǣһֱһУ
У
Ҷ˵ǰһӰҶ˳籩һ㣬ǿҡ
ڿʱ򣬻֮еһЩ˾üǶǸֳ̫ˣһ֮£ǰһˡ
һѵҲãԺ̬ȶһ㣡
ڵҾҶҪꡱûʱһ鷢ˣ˶ǡꡱͻȻֹͣˡ

˶ؿǰ棬Ƕ֪⡰ꡱΪʲôͻȻֹͣΪһѽסǸֵʺٶһµĻ³һǱƺ
һѿǺܴĽǺܶ˶еϸСĽϸСҲãֻǱһҲãλãû˻Ϊ⽣ϸСɱˡ
û˹ѽôֻѽ˭ֻôġ
ѽˣȻҶˣǸֵַʱͿ崦ϰƵеİ취һ˲γ˽ֱ˵ʺ
ȻΪֻд裬סûмǰȻĻǰ˾һˡ
ҡˡ
Ǹִ˺һᣬŲòһ㣬ȻҶеȡɵĳɷ֣ĴĻԼһ䣬ϾһʵҲòϡ
ǹ˰ɡҶջ˽Цʵ
ţһˡ
ֻһˣһͲһܹˡ
⻰˼ѵһأ鷳Ϊʲô˶ô鷳Ҷü
һزҪ㶯ֻ֣ҪһЩ⡣˵
ǾʰɣҶ˲ͷ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ʣǼʡ
˼Ҷһ£Ȼֱ˵ҪǼȻˣʲô⡣
Ȼ뷨֪Լμһ˳
˵ʲô˲ˡ
ûʲôǼȥǵļҶڻصɲ
Ҷһ˵Ĵ֮£ǰڵĴ
Ҷ֮ǰȴͨʱ򣬳һСС⣬Ůǰ·Ҳƽģڽ¼֮Ҷ˺üŮǹ¼ҵŮС㡣
Щ˶ҶزʶģȻҲûʲôⷢڵҶ˼ģҶҶ˻Ǻġ
㡭쵰㾹ȻܵҼˣŮһҶ˵ʱ򣬴һ£Ȼŭ
ɶҶʱſŮе졣
ʲôѵ㲻ǵˣŮҶ˵񣬾ͻȻðһܻƵ뷨
е죡Ҷ˻صҲش⣬еǲá
ŮʱĬ
ǵģôˡһŮ̲סˡ
죿ҺͼŮһԷˣˣǣаȡҶʱˡ
ȣŮȡ
Ҷ˼ڳԷ棬ûעϵŮӳʲôӵģ˺ƣǱϵǸʱǸƽʱҪ׽˲Ҫ̫ˡ


621 2
ŶȣҶ˵ͷ
ôʵ
һ׸ˡҶ˻ش
󵨣үү֣Ҳе𣡣ŭһ仰ҲʾݣС֮һ
ΪʲôܽУ˽׸ѵҽ׳𣿡Ҷеֵʵ
ȶʱֻ֪үү׸˵Ȼˣѵ˵ʲô
ˣȻүүȥҶ˵Ǽҵ˶ף˻ҪŶӣһйأ
ʲôԴе벻ͨôˣû˵ôһء
ҶˣԽˣСáʱ˽Ҷ˽ȥˣ˱һк
Ҷʱ򿴿棬ֿȣȻ˵ҡǽȥһ£ҾҲס
쵰˵ʲôȱˣҶڿ
ûʲôټˣҶ߽ӣûˡ
㣡ҲȥҪСʲôĿġŮȥˣŮҲе棬ҶǰгɺϣҪŪ
Ǹ˭ոǸҶʲôģʱϵˣ֮󣬾ûнȥˣſţӦǵһ
С㣬ոյǸӦƸģ˻ش
ӦƸող˵үүģôֱӦƸȵʺš
ֻܣһҪүүӦƸϮүүǸС˵
ʲôүүȳ˳ȥҶ˿񱼡
ŮеԼô嶯ԼĻû˵أ
һǶүүģǵĻողӦðǣʲǺܴ
ڶǣҪүүֻǺܲɣ˻ĿˣԾͳ˻ӦƸߣ
ո˵ˣҪŶӣҪأȥμӦƸˣͬʱԼ֪
ģҶҲͿģǴͷԣ
ȣʲôɺͳ
С㣬ﵲң
Ҷһ˵ͬʱ𣬶ҶǰȷģʱȵĽְγˣǸ˵Ѿˡ
ˣڴ֮еˣм䣬ǼˣһˣӦò׸
󲮣ҪүүȶмǸ˵
˱ȵĴ󲮣׸ĴӣҲڵļ׸Ѿ˾Ļˣʵϣ׸ĴҪ׸һ㡣
¼ôλǰǹûģ

Ϊȵһ仰ʱվͱýҶ˵ҲͻȻּ˽Χм䣬һŵ
Ȼǲ֪ʲô飬ƾҶпܶ׸£ͿԴ
ȣ㲻Ҫô嶯ǸҵĲ²⣬Ҽʺܵ͵ģС˹Ⱥ
ţֶԹµļףһᣬ˵
ҶˡǰɣʲôģҶˣʵ
׸ʲô˼ѵҪҴЩ˲ſԼ׸𣿡Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
֪Ҹʲô飿ʵ
壡Ҷ˲ػش
壿ȵȣҶһʼ԰黹еԻ󣬲ҶͰʲô˼ܿ죬һ飬һ׸˵顣
Ǿ׸Ҷʤ֮Լ׸˶ڳҲǺעصģҶҵĺðһԼ
ֻǣ׸ȻԼŮŮˣҪԼ˼Ѿã
ǵģҶ˵ͷ
ȻģֱңΪʲôҪμӻӦƸɻؿҶˡ
ʲôӦƸûμӰҾ׸ģû뵽ǹ¼ҵô鷳ҪŶӣйءҶеԹ˵
ʱ˶ʱû
ȻŮԼĲ²û
ǱǸŶӦƸˣҪүүͨһ˵ˣȿҶˣһÿӣҶ̫ˣܰ
ʲôұǸƭңҡȵȣӦƸģָһ𡭡ôôùҶʱˣԼһʼվλˣװ˷ôá
㲻ǵùǱץסͲţҶˣƺҪĳ
Ҷûл˵ˡ
ŮЦЦڷҶ˺˼Ҫ⼸ŮڵĻһҶһʱ䣬ΪҶҪҵȤ


622 Ī1
ǼӦƸҽȥҸ״ˣҶ˹ӣ㵽ƫϢһᣬúдҶ˹ӣ˽һ£ȥĸˣЩ飬Ҫʹ˵
㣡֪ʲôǰ壿Ϊʲô󲮿ܽţеԻʵе㲻ˡ
飬ߣҲ׹ȥүүŮüȻ뿪ˣҪЦһҶˣҲǿˡ
ȰӽҪ鷳ˣ
Ů֪Լ뿪Ҷ˿ԼˣʱҪҪѵԼ˻Ҫ޸
ˣܺãұǳ˳ƺһ뷨Ů࣬Ҷ˿ˡ
ɲԼ¼ˣ޸ҶŴֲµƽСӣԼκ˼޸Ҷˣԣе㿴Ҷˣ˵Ҷڴƽ
еԺ˵ʲô
ܿ죬˱׸ס׸˵Ҷ˴ˡ
Ϣʱ׸ǻһ𣬺飬ҶʤӦòˡ
ȻˣҲ׼ȥԣϾȥҶˡ
ȥƫ·ϣѾ׸ͨѾԼ뷨׸׸Ҳͬһ㣬ǻᲹҶҵҶҵʳǡ
Ҫ۹ҪţҲ취Ƽ
ڻԼ飬취ѵǲѼŮ˼޸ôǵļ壬ǹ壬Ҳһ壬ǲŮܿ࣬ҪĻ붪ˡ
׸е֣ԼˣҲûԼʲôΪʲôȴ˹Ϊһ
˵ˣҾԲ޸ǸֿɶִͷԵģ֪µʼĩ֮ȺֱӵرԼ뷨
ҲҶ˿ѡķΧѡˣ֪᲻ԼԼҸס
ţҶҪǿҪȢһ˵ĻʵҲûа취ģֻҪһϢ˵¼ԶʲôģͿù¼ͷ
ڵĹ¼壬ǵ۹ļ֮һǶ
ģһѡ˵
̫ǿѣǾһġ׸ʱ˵
ף
үү
׸仰֮˵ķӦͱúǿˣǾôء
ֻ˵ѡһˣ˵ǣʱһŮŮˣҲҶʤӡ׸Ц˵
˵Ҳǣͷ
ԭˣؿڡ


ҶˣãҾ׸
׸˽ƫͿҶ͵ϵĵģ׸Ļ֮Ҷƺҭˡ
ȿȡҶؿڣͺ˼ڲ衣
ꡭȿҶӾ;úЦ̲סЦ˳ϣбҶע⵽Լһ
ãҶ˺òһ
׸һĶȻ˵ҶˣҶʤͷʲôˣ
ͷԶݣСʱѧ꽣һֱ˼Ưεͷˣ֮ǰͰңҽ㣬ǵԼҶ־ͽǰӸ׸
ͷĳǺ𾴣ƽƽ
ʲôҶʤͷˣʱ׸ûע⵽Ҷ˶ҶʤĳƺֻעҶ˵Ҷʤǰ
ţҶ˵ͷ
׸Ĭ˺һᣬȻҶ˵ʲô˵
аҼ̳ľλԼ˵ŮиĲȢҶʵػش
Ů̱֮ˣúܲ԰ס
ԣҶ˿˵ͬʱҲǰ۹Ĵ֮һ
òңף㣬˵𣿲У㲻Ȣҽ㣡һʼȻڸˣԼûϣͻȻߵŮ̷ˡ
Ҷ˹ӣ㻻ŮѾˣ˵
˵Ҷϸ۲Ļһּᷢ˵ѣΪŮǸӦ˵ĻͲǻҵķӦ
ʲôҶû˵ʲô㣬ʲôʱ˵ȢġҶָȵı˵ȻҲΪָı˵
Ҷ˵仰ڳ˶Իˡ
ող˵ҪȢҽ𣿡һʵʱ򣬼ʵҲЩʳڣȶ͡


623 Ī2
ֻ˵Ҷʤͷ˵ⲢľܴҪġҶ˵˵
Ҫʲôˣ׸ʵ
ҪҶ˺ܸɴػؾ
Ҷ˵仰ôҶˣҪѾȥˣʣҲûġ
Ҷ˵ĸɴ࣬ôƺһָоǾҶ˸мȢǼκˣǾе죬Ϊʲôĸоأ
һƽСӣôܲмȢˡ
ǾˣҪʲôֻҪһʵ֡˵
ҲһССıգ˵ֻҪǾͱʾĻǾͲȥ
ԣҲ㶼ģƵġ
ֻƶҶ˵ȫûκεãֻΪҶ˸ûҪ
ҪҶ˵
ȵ˶һǾôе㲻˼飿ҪŮ˻˵Ͼ¼Ů˲ͨ˿
һģͻѡ¼һһǣŮˣƸȨС
ʲôҶ˾ȻǲҪѾȫǵ֮ˡ
ʲô㲻Ҫǧ򶨣ʱҲе㼤ˡ
ţҪҶ˵ͷ
ǲҪģʵʳ⣬;Լ׳ˣҪʲôǾֱˣֺαط
ҪҶҡͷ
ʲôҪʲôֵʵ
ͻģⲻǰ飬ˣûʲô飬ҾˣҿǺæġҶˣͬʱ˳һģС
ҶˣʲôҪ𣿡ʱ׸ʻ
ʱ򣬵ʲôҪʱǷе㲻ϰߣʣҪҪʲôƵġ
Ҫͷ˵ˣҲ˵ϣǲаûаǣҶҡҡͷ˵һֵһܡ
Ҷ˵Ļڳˣƺûһ㣬̫ˣ˾һҪԼĺô
ֻǣϣ֪жٵƽˣһǣԼŬڷܶš
ܶĹ븻ˣǳЩƽ֮ģͱ¼壬ǰҲһ
Ϊ븻֮ǵһ¼ͻῪʼΪǣͻῴǼԭĳƽˡ
ʱ˾Ҷ˸ոǵ֮УƺһֲмԼЩ˵Ĳм
˼ұûκζԼȴһֱΪ˻ҪҪǣȷ˲м
Ҷ˹ӣ㲻Ļס£Ǿһµ֮ꡣϿҵ
ҪˣеطҶҡҡͷ
ǲǹ԰㳡úõеطסȥ¶޽ͷⲻǰǣߣ˵ҶûǮסΪҶ˵ģҶǰΪһͭ˷ܲѡ
ⶼ˵һ㣬ҶǺƶģ
Ҳߣǲסһ𣬴Ǹոյ֮У֪ǲϲҡҶ˺ֱӵ˵
ȵ˶ее̡
ˣԺǲټˣҶҡҡ֣Ȼ˵עĿ֮뿪

ƫ֮гĬãҶ˵һΣǾǲҪῴκһˣ౾֣ʲô˶ܻһ
ȣ˵¶޽ͷΪһͭ˷ܣʲô֮ǰʲôطʻĬ
ܿ죬Ⱦͽһһʮĸ߼
¶޽ͷһỳǴ˵֮еǸҶˣ벻ܣǸҶڲӦӦȸ۹ǼҪȸˣ벻ҶҵϱȻȸ۹Ĺеп
ڵõϢʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˶е𺳣ȸ۹ǹ⹫飬֪ҶҵĹϵ֪Ҷ˵ȸ۹Ļ̫
˵ǸҶ˰ɣܣȻҲеԺǸҶ̫ܼˣסõõ꣬ĲˣҲҶ˵ĴţôҶ˷ǱҶˡ
ţӦòǣҶ˵˺ܶ࣬ǵ۹˽֡ͷ˵
ողǹһأôģͻȻ飬飬ǸӶ˽Ҷˡ
ǣ˾λй顣
ʲô˵һͽһżĻƷˣǰϸСĽ֮ȷʵ
ĸо֮УҶŵǰѽͲսģǰڰӵģ˵ɱҶȴ֤Ǵģѽɱ˶


624 Ī3
ţǸûпֽܹ죬Ǵûмģ½֮ϵκν񶼲ͬ

ţʵûȫ˾ǳ֮ڲŶʮ꣬лΪʥ

ʥǸǶôңɼλã˵ҶԳΪʥĻԼԺҪɫˡ
Ī
һΣԺΪʥ֮һжˣλƸдѵ˫ַϣ
˵¼ܳһʥĻǾͿ϶۹һı
ǳԼոջݣ˼Ҿʵ˵ʲôʲôȨʲô
ˣԭ֮ǰĸоԼĴҶĲмȢǼҵŮˣмҪǵ
ԼˣǱԼ
ǲԺΪʥ֮ԣɴȻǣȡԼ
һüû뷨У뷨ƺҲĽ͡
㲻ܳΪʥһƷżߵʵҲڶҪȡĶ󡭡
ᣬǱ޴ţʥֹĽŲ
ҽһľ̾
ûһֱܺԼ֪Ҷ˵֮ǴԼΪʲôɴҶˡ
ʱ룬Ҷ˵Ļǻô
ʱҶͻȻˣ˵һ仰Ϊ֮
ǸܲɸҳȥҺ·ˣ

ҶˣҪһ£Ҷ˵ǰ
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Ϊʲô
ȣҲŮˣΣ̫ˣ

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Ҷ˹ӣȻٴλȻסЦ˵
аǵģҲסҶֱӾܾˡ
⻰˵ģѵסûа
ȡҳȥ˳һ㡭Ҷָ˵ȻȱȽϳ嶯ҲȽ棬زס顣
һܶ࣬ҶҲǿԼĸо˭ѡ˭
ҽȣٴξ
ǺǣȡʵҾãȲҶеε˵
飡Ⱥǲˬ˵
ǾͲܣ߰ɣҳȥȣҶ˴ߴٵ
߰ɣǰ棬Ҷߡ
һ·ԣȴҶ˳˴ſڣȻһˣһ׼š
ιǲ뿪ҪŵͻȻʵ
Ҷͣعͷ˵ǰȻˣһߡ
һ죿
ţûʲôʱˣһг̡Ҷ˵
Ϊʲôûʱ䣬Ҫȥʲô
Ҫȥ˼ģ壬·ƽε
ȳĬôôŤоƭԼһ
ûв´Ҷ仰ȷƭΪ˸ȸ۹˵
ˣҶ˰ڰ֣ǰ̤ȥ
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ôˣҶе㲻ͷˣлͿ˵ˡ
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ʲôҶͣʵһЩ׻ǺܸȤһ߶
һ׻˵
ûȤҶ˻Ϊ֮ģ̴ȵĻ
֣һϷȫǶϷȻ˵ףûκεĹϵ˵
ʲôҶеȤˡ
ǲμӵˣǩֳɺӪ췽ǱǣģһһٸıߵõĻֶ࣬ı߾ʤһһ֣סһһ֣
ϲߣҲǿԷģԳҪ㶨Щ췽ˣҲһҪ㶨У췽˻ˣΪڵĵطǹ̶ģֻҪɹġԣ췽ѶҪѺܶࡣ
мʹκεֶΣǷصĻǹģֻҪŪֻҪŪУĶԣˣ֮УԵˣȥǲܷģҵõĻҲ˫һ£Եˣᱻ췽綢ϸɵɵǣԵõһ֡
ЩԵˣһԵ֣˵кܶһˡҲҪȥ
Ҷ˳ĬһᣬȻʵ㵱ֽȥȣǲǿˣҪҳΪԵˣ
ȥҲûУôᣬôῴ㣡УҽȣȵһҶˣȻͺתš


625 źţ1
׻е˼ǾͲһ죬һҲ̫æˣҶаһҪȥμӳʱ䡣
·̵ĻԼӦʮĿʱ䣬ȥӦòģʱϲϴ٣ȥҲһ
Ҷ˶ڻ̫Ĵٲ⣬ԼҲôСϰ趼ˣһʵҲҪ
ҶҪ飬ȣԷ⣬ס޵⡣
յõ˼ǮڿԴһ㣬ݳһ㣬ȥסõ꣬Ҫַͨ䡭
ͨģ㻹ݳʲôʲôǰһβסķ䣬ҶвһԼҲһ¶ѣûиıԭĳԡ
ҶˣȻԺģʲôν˵ĳڣǾһҿҲãҲһɡ
Ҷȥһ½֣Ȼȥһͨõסһͨķ䣬ķҲһңҶ˸
õķҲܱˣӶƼģļ۸Ǻʵڵģ
Ҷ˲֪Լڹֵʱ򣬱˿ˣǼƺҶеӰ죬Ů塣
Һ񿴵ǸˣһŮеɻ˵񲻸ҿ϶ԼҶ飬ΪǸʱҶתǴתˡ
ʲôˣйʵ
ǸǱϳʥǣǱҳЦǸˣŮ˵
˵Ǹˣôܣôûκǣѵεģ
ǣյϢǸʱȸ۹ԣһǿˣ
ǿ𣿺ߣˣҵĵ̣һ֪ҵ³Ů޺޵

֮죬ҶҲûЩˣҲûǣһοͣڵ档
ʱһʱڽͷʲôģ輸ʲôġ
ΪҶһʱð֮ǵĻ֮УһͷյĴ˵ҶҪͷյ֣߿Ľ衣

һ峿֮ǵ˶ڴһ飬Ǿǽе׻ܶǹעĲ˭˭Ӯעһλ˭
Ҳ׻һ֮һһλȫϸѡ˶ȫûм޹ͬʱǴ֮˶
ԣЩһ֮󣬶룬и׷󣬻ǵһ߶ȡ
˳ģҲЩһϲȦӣӴȨ
ҲЩΪΪΪȨǵļгֱһ˵ڣһʢ¡
һ죬֮ǵĴ˶ڣȥѡ֣һЩҪķҵȫǶǷżϢ
һ֮Уһˣ˵ĻҶúϾμӹܶΣΪ۹Ĵ˵һÿζᱻμӡ
ûǵĻҷ֣ǲû֣һγС
Ĵھ;һγһķ羰ߣ˺ܶ˵򣬶Ϊһ㣬ҲŷǸˣΪ˾ǵߡ
˱ȣȿһˣ˭֪Ը嶯ʱһһͬʱΪԸҲپ춯ص飬֪
ΪҲŲȻǲˣ
ΪʲôһȾ;֮һǾģ˭֪Ӱġ
ʵҿ϶һε֮һǺܼ򵥵ģǾڴ·ǰɫĻɴ
ȻֻһҲҪɴģɴĿʽû޶˵ͳһɴǵĻɴǸǧ
ȴŵһɴһһľĻɴԸе룬⵹˿һһ档
ܶ˶еǰһĸоʱȵĹâҪǹĴˣܶ˶һִ
ʵһʸУĶҲеƣĴÿ궼֣ӣȻ˲ʳ¯Ȼͻеʧɫ
ȣȻôһ棬˵ľ̬ǰǶ̬ġ
һΣȲЩϤһЩϤ˺ܾãԽϤԽ˽⣬ȻԽԾ


626 Ŷţ2
ȣһйصģŮΪüݣѾͷһˡ
һѾͷһ˼ˣȻôģ
ãȾǴɴҲӦǴűȽϽģȹе㿪ģŵģԴܵ֡
ԴˣҲʹȣȵĻشеͬʱҲҪʲô顣
ʱ˵ġ
ʲôϵʲô飬ֱӰȹ˺ˣ·ЩҪһ㡣

Ǹʱֻеһ亹ðֻ
ȣڿʲôʱͿһ棬ġ
λﶼһ̨֮ϣ˵ģ̨֮¾һȺĹ㳡ҪҪ⵽ͷĹ㳡֮ϣһ˵ĻǺѵġ
ȻһʼҲȲ˵ģֻ濴ֿ˼ΣȻǺƵѰʲôˡ
ʲôҪˣٲˣΪ˵ģȿĴǺܶ࣬Ӧ˲ſֹš
˵ĻǾӦǹŵģӦ㿴
֪ǲˣʱĲɵػشڴʱ˭Ҳ㲻塣
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עˣ֪⣬ǾһƴҡͷشǾЦ̫ˣǸеһϢ
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ո˵ǲˣ㣬˭ʵ֪ûн֮ǰĻȥ
ǸҶ˰֮ǰ˵Ҫߵģ˵εĻȤ֪᲻Ҳֱӵػص
ԭˣҲûټ˵ȥΪ֪ô˵ȥ
ҶˣĸоңҶ˻ҪлԼ˼ȴûпһֱۣӷˡ
ңе⣬ͬʱҲپе㲻ˬˬҶ˾׷ԼаԼ˵Լѵô࿴һ۶ÿ
ȻһּĲˬ£Ҳĸ飬ΪһĲˬӶҪȥ֤ԼļֵҪ׷Ҷһ𣬷ŵ㡣
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ϵһŮǰԵĿҲǴɴƺ֮ǰҪˣҶ˵ǼŮеһҺǸҶ˵Ǹ
ҶĻһ֣ᷢ⼸ŮУƺźܸߵݣͬʱҲѡеһ
㻹ǵüǰǸƽС𣿡ЦЦ˵
ʲôŶǸСӰҼǵðĻһÿŮеҧгݵ˵ƺҶеޣҲֻһ㣬ࡣ
֮ˣǰԭǺүүеɽе赭д˵Щʺ˵鶼ȥˣ˵һĹϵ
ԭǵôǸӡѵǣΪ˺ʹϵ𣿡Ůʵ뷨֮У˺ܶ࣬Ҷ˺ܾܿˡ
ʱҲŮ뷨ߵŮһĵ۹ŮӦ
ûУǵûʣеǡ㶼ϡʱͻȻ廰
ʲô
עߵŮȵ仰Ūˣе⣬Ӧ˵еˡ
˵ҶûʹϵʱЩ⣬¼ĻеԾ֮۹Ĵ֮һ˶ϣˡ
Ǵûһ˿ԵֵסһϣЩеʼԿ
ǲװ֮ǰǸŮ룬˵ӦǱȽ˽ܵġ
Ҳһͷ˼ǶҶ˿װ
뵽ǶҶеӣȻҲ˳һǰǰװˡ
ûװʹˣû˼װʲôʱ˵


627 Ŷţ3
ȣѵϲˣôΪ绤һᣬüʵ
֮ǰ˵ĻǼȣƺһˣȿлϲҶˣԣͿʼˡ
ȻҶ˵Ĵ£ҲһأⲻͻͬԼü޸ҶˣҶ˲һƽ񣬸ֻԿࡣ
˵ҲҶǱǱʲôʱ򷢻ӳǾͲö֪ˣΪһ壬ǿͶǱϣǱһӣҲ⡣
ǣ˵ûȷҶ˿ԴɼԴ󸻴ĻǲҶƽһ
Ȼ˵Ϊ˵Ҹ룬ҲԴһ˵ǻе㿴Ҷƽ
ҡҡͷ˵ûаôϲôɶ񡣲ɶҲԩ
ȿԳһ㣬ȶҶ˲ϲֻôһĺøУȻĻԹѡĻϣҶһ١
Ȼ嶯ȻеֵģԲ˵ѣΪ˵ϲãͻԩˣ˳塣
Ǿͺáˣʵ˵úܶԣҶĲһҿԿóĲںװʲôźŮ˵
Ļ𣿡֮ǰŮе㻳ɡ
УǸҶǣͷ˵
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㣬ҿˣ㿴ŶӡʱͻȻее˷ܵӡ
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Ȼ˵ٺܶ࣬ҲֻԶԵģμӻƽǷǳĶ࣬ǲμҲΪ˵õĻϲΪ˵õھֻΪһζѡ
ƽĲμӣҲΪʱһЩҪƽΪǲȥġ
˵ˣƽ֣Ҳʲôģ٣ҲƽΪʲôôμӵһԭ
Ҷ˽ƽ򣬲ΪƽΪ˱Ƚ٣ԾŶˣȥǱߣ֪Ҫŵʲôʱ
ȻҶŵ֮ʱʱǸмĻûи㶨
ԴˣҶ˾аĿһԼԼʵ̫ˣ
Ҷˡ
ҶеԻĴһ£ѰԼˣ˭ʶԼġ
ҶһһȺ˵ע⣬Ŀ⼯еϣЩĿк֣ܶɻģоȵģвмġ
ɶĿⶢҶ˵ԭʵΪһ飬ǾǸոսҶ˵ȣΪȫעĶ֮һȵľٶƱػһЩӦ
Ҷʱûпֻ̨Ĵһ֮󣬱ֿʼƣҪоо
桭ȿҶӣͼеɲ֪ʲôֻ֣֪ԼҪ飬һҪ
ɹǾͼ
㰡ȣҶ̧ͷ۾ͿŻɴȣ̾ϳûΪȴŻɴɡ
Ҷ˵У˴ʲô·һģȥ˴ʲô
ܶˣҽȣȱ˵ˣҪ˵˵ȺҶһۣҶ˽дԼֵ飬ƺӦС˺ܶ࣬ǰĻͲǺһˡ
ʱڿǣеſƺû뵽ȻᵱںҶˣҪҶ˵
ʲôϵ
ڴʱܶ˶Ҫ֪𰸣
ûеǳԾʱʱҶһ仰ǵſĸˡ
ҲȥҲ˵Ҷҡҡͷܾȵ顣


628 㣨1
ŮﶼĬˣ֪Ҷ˲ԼЩˣû뵽Ҷ˻ôɴľܾ
ЩŮ벻ˣʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˶ҪҶ˾Ȼ붼벻
ʱƺҲѾһ£ǾҶƽСӣĿǿӿˡ
л˵һ°ɣֲȺֱӵ˵
л˵ӦҲġҶ˺ƽػصһ˵Ļһᱻ⻰
Ⱦȣûֱ˵ԼɣҲȥҴ·㣬Ȼȥˣ
Ҷ˳Ĭһᣬðɣȥأ
㲻һʿҶ˵Ҫӵʱ򣬾еˣ̨Ȼи̨˵Ǻܼ򵥵ģûϰԡ
ȵ˵ӡ֮УҶһߣһһȽýߣԣ̨˵ȫûһѶȵġ
ҲûӡҶ˵Ļףǿȥģֻѡ
Ϊʲô룿Ҫں棬鷳ʵӵλøҶˡ
ǲ룡Ҳ鷳ͷȥҶ˿ȵĳ취С
ȻҶ˰ȵ˳ȻͷԼȥ
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鷳еû˵ȻĳȥҶˣֻǴӿռóһӣȥҶˡ
ó飬ƺûΪҶǺ飬ȾܰˣǺġ
Ҷ̨֮ϵʱҶעΪȫĽ㣬Ϊڸ̨֮ϣ˰λ֮⣬ûˣûˡ
ҶһȥͳΪ򻨴еһ̣Ƕôע⣬ͬʱҲܶĽʣޣ
ֻΪˣһûУһƽĵطһ
鷳ʲôͿ˵Ҷ̨֮󣬱΢ЦͷǴкž˵ˡ
ڣҶûǣǴСǹȺģҲ˶е⣬ƺûҶƽȻҲڡ
㣬ô뿪ˣʵ
Ҫ뿪ˣôǸʱģǲǱʲôײˣҶ˺ֱӵȵһӿȡ
Դűײˣ㣬ǶٺţҲ˵ˣֱ⣬Ҫ֪ġ
ǣ㣬ܺüǵ֣ظġҶǿӣ˳оһ£Ӻе㲻򵥣һֵӣһЩĹܡ
Ҷ˲µûӵȷ֣ͨһСܣʲôܿͻˡ
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ǰ㣬ôˣ𣿡Ҷӣеɻؿȡ
ûСҧҧƺеԹ
֣ѵҵֲӦóҲãҲеİɣӦùҵİɡ
ˣŮ˾˵壬һˣ
ûʲôĻҾˣټˣҶֱת¸̨ûиκ˵Ļᡣ
ߣʱĵģ˵Լϲߵʱôɴֱ࣬ȥǸʱڰ֮УƺҪסҶˣֻûȥУҶȥ
ȣҶ˺ԵȻšΧЦ
Ϊʲôı飬ʵܼ򵥣֮ǰһٸѾѡ˶󣬵Ȼѡģ˵һ˫ŵĺ룬ԷǽӦˡ
ʵȻڲŷ룬˫Ķ飬֮еġɡѾѡˡ
ⲢףһҲģΪû֪˭쵽ʲôĺ룬ÿ붼ġ
Ǻ췽˫һٸɣ˫֮УǱ룬Ҳġ
һܱ棬ϷʧȥӦеɫʣ˱ᡣ
֮ǰ֣ܲҶеǸ㣡


629 㣨2
ԣȵ˲ŻķӦǶҲ̫ˣ㱧֣ȻôɵҶ
Ҷ˶֪ܿͻ֪Ͼ˶ȷ֪ҪԸ˭
СӣСϤ𣿡Ҷ֮󣬲֮󣬾̬ȺԲôơ
죡ҶҡͷԶԷĲƣûзϣΪԷûʸϡ
ʶ࣡ڿҶ˵̬֮󣬾һʤߵҶˣ·Ҷ˸ոյĻһͶͶ
֪Ҷ˵죬ʵĲ죬ǹ˼ʲôҶ˿ɲЩǰ۹ĻʵˣҲһʵʵ˵
Ȼ˾Ͳ룬˶һ뷨ҶڷǣǶеҶˡ
ǵ뷨֮УҶΪ˵ѹ޳ܵıĸ飬С㡣
Ȼ˵ҲҪģǻǾҪرһҶˡ
Ҷ˶ȫûз˵û⣬ʲôһЩ˵ĿѣӰ쵽ʲô
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˲֮󣬻ıѾβѾ˵ʱ˫ԾĻǳ潫úܺ
Ļʱ򣬵ҷֿӪʱ򣬴Ҷ֪Ͼͻһŵʱ̣֮УǺܶ˶ĬԼĺ롣
ʲôһϰ𣿡Ҷ˶Դ˺ܲ⣬ǻһ򣬲ȻĻôôĬԼĺأ
ҶҲܿˣԭȷǻһ򣬵ûйϵģûκεĹϵ
ЩԼĺ룬ʵܼ򵥣ֻΪһ£Ǿϣк룬ĻǾͿ̨ϵվһ𣬳Ϊһݵɡ
ȻֻǶݵģҲнӴĻᣬЩɶŮһǶŮ
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һˣһˡ̨֮ϣʼŽɡ
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ҶԼĺ룬еɻˣôôɣԼȥˣʱ򣬼ȻеˣǾȥɡ
ȣӣ

һҶˣһ٣˶ø˧ģΨҪԼæ
ʱ򣬱еŵĴ󲿷ֶһʵģҪ̨ӣȻǺܼ򵥣еĶԼ˧ɧӡ
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ΪʲôŮģʵɡģóŮģҲûа취飬ҲΪ˶ٴθı䡣
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㶪ɣֻҪ˾ˣôĻһܱҺһ𣿡Ҷڻص
ȳĬһᣬϸ룬ȷûκε
ˣȣΪʲôеҪʲôأҶʵԣոû˵Ľ˵
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˵ʲôأ˵ģôǵùСӣ˵ҾͰȥ֮ǰǸŮҶ˵Ҷ˾еԹҶ˵Թ͸ˡ
㣿ҪҸݣûĽ㣡Ҷ˺˵
ǸŮеˣʵһͷѣûκε壬ôСôʡ
УҪĽ㣬ңһӶ벻ģ㾹Ȼ㣬ޣ˵ͿˣҲŲ㡣
Ҷˣһ£Ϊʲô˵ѡеǵùʱҲˡ
ܼ򵥣һٺˣҪ˶ϣҪԸҲȶԸǣ˴һ㣬ȫɵǺ췽ӮˡҶ˵仰ƺҲһЩ˵ĶУһε׻е㲻ͬ
˵ҲǣÿЩһ֣ͻᱻصȵͷҲμˣҲҶ˴ץסʹ򣬾
˵ѡеǵùҪ֪˭ѡ룬һҶ˺ݺݵ˵֪˵˾ǰȡ
ȵ˶Ĭˡ


630 㣨3
ҺãⲻѡģؿڣЦ˵ȣǿ
ҶˣǳȥȶҶ˺Ҫˣʱģֻû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼ˵ԼȻ˵Ҷǲ֪
Ҷ˺ܲ˵үûգ㻹Ǹ˭ι˭վʶʶЩﺰţҪҳԼӦǸ
ôôŤ
ףǸãҲȥռռˡ
Ǹ˭ҵһ߰ˡ
ҵҡ
һӣ涼ʼеˣЩõɶڳûռˣȻҪ˵û⣬ʵûҳ
Ϊһε׻֮󣬳˼ԹϵŮһˣˣպ󶼾ҪмҶˣҶһ仰ǲô顣
Ҷû뵽ģҲ˶û飬ڵˣǰעڻ棬ĲۿĹۿѺעѺע
ǰɣҵ㣿Ҷ֪ԼġȣԴˣе㲻š
쵰˭ҲŲǣ̷Ե
Ŷ˵ˣҪ㣿ҲǰҪȫģҪġҶ˿ȣŬţȥȶҪϵġ
Ĺϵ֮ǰǽˡ
ߣСһ㣬ʱҵ߶ˣͱ˸ɵˡȺߵԲǺѣǿϣ鷢Ҷ˲ܿԼҶ˽Լߡ
ĺˣһǿ԰ģҾͿˣ˵ˣֻһϷҾ㣬ҲҪʲôǷ֮룬ҪŵҵҶ˺˵
˶Ĭˡ
仰Ҫ˵ģҵˣ΢΢Ҫ˵û뵽Ҷ˾Ȼ˵ˡ
ǾͺãȻϾߡҶ˷ˣ̬ȣ̼˸Ůܴ̼Īȡ
ߣô𣬾㵱ҲңȺֱӣֱӵ˵Լ뷨
ƨңǲҲŶԣҶ˺ǲмûз֮ǰ˵˵ȣʲô򰡣㿪ʼҪ˷ұʱ䣬һҪȥһط˵Ļ֪Ͻ׷ɱҵģ
ûʲôˣǹڵأʱһŵͼ쭳ڵأдӵʱǿʲôȥǶУ֮󣬾Ҫջصͼͬʱκεʾ
ȶ˶٣Ȼ˵ԣһҪ֮ڣסҵλãõģǵλǹ̶ģڻ֮ǰ뿪ģڷص֮󣬽׼ʱ䣬Ǻ췽׼ʱ䣬ʱȥʱһСʱȻǾͿԿʼˣ
ô鷳Ҷüû뵽ô࣬ҪһСʱ
ȻģȻ췽û׼Ǻױ͵ϮɹˡȽ͵
ҲǣǾ͵һСʱɣҲںһСʱҶν˵һȻԵõӡ
ʱڲԶһطһһ˫۾Ҷˣ۾֮гɻƺЩʲôƵġ
ɻ֮УȻʼҶˣһЩ˶ʼעϣʵҲһҪ
ȹ
￿Ҷ˵ʱ򣬱ϵһЩɶкͬʱҲݱ˳ǰ۹Ĺ֮һȹ
Ҷ֮Ҷ˱ϵ˶񣬰ڵĵ۹ĴˣȻ⣬Ҳǿ󣬵ǱϾǹ빫ݻеģǻҪ뺣ȹк
Ҳû뺣ȹкģһҶˣûаѺȹϣҶ֮⣬һŮû뺣ȹкǾ֮ǰҪˣҶ˵ǸŮ
Ůû뺣ȹкֻΪҪ෴ģȹҪк
㣡ҲȹǸŮ˵ûˣŮǵ۹ǺȹĽ㡣
ţأʲô𣿡ʵúȹǹģȦӵġ
Ȼ˵ͬһȦӣڴȦ֮УźܶСȦӣȵһ𣬵ȹǹϵͺˡ


631 Ϯ1
ȹʵȵ˻һ϶һЩ飬ΪȹȦ˴˵⡣
Ǻƽ飬֮з飬ûʲôֵģҲû˽³ޣϵ϶Ǻòˡ
ȹ϶ҪǸҪȦӣ˵һű顣
ġȹָҶ˵⻰еͷˣ׺ȹҶʲôġ
ңʶ𣿡Ҷ˿Ǹȹϸشһ£ʵ벻Լ뺣ȹʲôط档
ҰǻʵۣȹؿҶ˵仰ʵҶˣҶ˵ĶԻ
֪Ƕ˵ǹ⻰ôôϤҶеԻ˵
Ұǻƹ⡭ʱͻȻһ壬Ҷ˵ƺǸںȹġ
Ҷʶ壬֪ǵ۹󳼻ƹĶӣ뺣ȹߵúܽȴô뺣ȹһŲô
嶢ҶˣҧһҪҶ˳Եӣ
ǵϰֲգʲôȵȣԭǰҶ˸տʼĲɵģƺˣǰȹʲôҰǻƹ⣬ǼģЩǶԼ˵ġ
û취ﲻһǵĵ̣ɵ裬Ҫʮ㣡ȹҧ˵
⣬⵽ô£ôʲô裬ǰŴֲСӣܶԹʲô裿
ȹĻúܶ˶ʼʲôİ汾УȻֻʱģΪܿķչͽ𰸡
ʲô裬ǸʱԼӣ˸ϳʥǵģʲô顣Ҷе㲻˵һ޹ӡ
סڣȹ˶̺ʱҪľйǱϳʥǵ顣
飬ǴصӰ죬Ǿһ衣
ϳʥǣԭ˵飬ֲúȹôӦֲ˵ʲô飬ԭ˵顣
ȹ˱ϳʥ֮󣬺ܶ˶ǣ۹ĹȻϳʥǣǶôص顣
Ϊˣ۹ĻʵҲ˺ȹ
ϾʥǵĹϵǰ۹Ҳ֮ĦлӰ죡
Ҷˣô£ôʥǣǷĳͻյ˼֮󣬱ʵ
⣬ʣںȹ֮ǰʣܻúȹ²̨
⣬ʵҲǺܶҪ֪ģҶ֪ȹ˱ϳʥǣôϳģû֪
ǰ۹ĻʵۣҲֻ֪һ㣬֪ȹΪһʥҪ˳ͻԱϳ
ȹһֱ˵ûдģҶҪʿԴ˰ʵҲûᣬ˵ǶǴʥǵҪʿһ
ҲΪҶܺһ顭
ҲûʲôǽʥǵʱҲӣ˵ϰǻƹ⣬˵ϰǻʵۣ˼ҹʿǵϰ˭ͰǸ߳ʥǡҶ˵Ȼʡ˺ܶණֻҪǸ˾öҶ˵Ļ
ڳˣûмǱģѾ׷ʲô飡
ܼ򵥣Ϊȹ˲ӣѹˣʥǵ˸ˡ
Ҳǿģʥ̷еǹƽԭôԼʥ˲飬԰Լݣ̫ˡ
ĬһᣬƺԼӦȥ⣬ʵǹ˵ġ
㻹˵Щʿǻᱻϳȥ𣿡ȹϷ̣ȻǼԼûҪҶʡ
ʱҪֹģûΪѾҪˡ
ףʼ˰Ҷ˿ųгһĵͼģһñȽϹ㷺
֮Ҷ˾ͺܸɴȥͼˣȫ˺ȵ˵Ĵڣûȹˡ
ñϵȵҪЦȹǺ޵ҧҧ
ҶؿŵͼͼϵÿһסⲢҪסеλãΪԼгֳһͼӶԼʧм䣬ʱȶҲ
סûУ˸ɵˣҪСһ档ȿ֮󣬱Ҷ˵
ģܼ򵥵飬ҪҪҰǶˡҶ˲˵ţҪǾ̽ȡһ򵥡


632 Ϯ2
㵽ʱбµĻͰˣʱҽһ¡Ц˵Ҷ˵ǵһЦ
ʲôЩûģҪõġҶ˽ӻ
Ҫʲôʵ
ҳһٷҶ˵

Ҷ˵Ļ˵ǻΪҶ˻˵ʲô㲻ǵģҲӦǱȽѰģû뵽Ȼһٷ
ǵģһٷҲ㣬ӦҪǮ߸һλʲôġҡҡͷҶʵ̫ˡ
ЩûãҲȱǮҲҪλҶҡҡͷشһʵԵʵ
֪Ҷ˵ˣٷְٻ϶һ㣬ҶǲȱǮֻȱǮĵطͬʱһλҶ˵ʲô壬һȥʲôطܵõĴҪʲôλǼ򵥵顣
֪аˣȻ㲻Ը⣬Ǿɡ˵һΪҶ˲ҪЩΪ˵İǡ
֪ʵĻǽʲôĳ棬һ˼
ˣǿ߰ɣ׼ãһСʱҾȥǳຣҶЦЦȻ˵
ãǵ㣡ȵ˶Ц˵Ȼʼ뿪ҪȥͼϱעĵطֻҪžͿԣɵ顣
Ȼ췽ͲһˣǾҪ׼ԣԸԷĲԡ
ҶӦǻᱻ飬մҵ뷨£һҪȥһЩ顣
ҶʱȴʧˣôҶҲֻεķˣһٸٵһʲôҲνˡ
ΪҶ˵ʧ٣ú˫ûע⵽һˣһ涼ûаҶ˼档
Ļĵһʾʼˡ
ں췽뿪û֮һ֮ǰ㳡еĵط췽֮ͣЩ˵ǵλܸߵһȺ꣬ǻӣȨ֮ӣЩ˾һ𣬿Ĳǣܲ췽
УһܸߵĻӣϾǵ۹δĽӰˣûв̫ӵʽ֮⣬̫ˡ
һΣֵ˺췽ⲢⰲŵģҲģϵˣҲģҪʲôֽŵĻߵ˽ࡣ
֮УŲ١̫ӵȻϷĻҲΪ̫ӵͷˮˣҪҪóףҲ֤һԼʵ
̫ӡԴҲ׵ģ֪һЩ˵ǰУ˭˭Ӯ֮
ԣһΣ̫ӡҪʤҪһЩǰû飬ȻǲΥģһжڹ֮ڡ
ҪʤƯûл˵ⲻǸʵۿģǸеİڿġ
磬Ϊʲôͣ
ǰͣеֵؿмġ̫ӡҲĴ磬ӡ
һȵˣкȹˣһɻؿŴӡ
Ǽߣǰڵĵطƽµ߱ǣ˵ˣİšӳ˵֮Ѿһֻҵϣһ޷ܡ
ʲôȹʵǲǣѵҪȥ飿
磬ѵҪӣƺ뵽һЩ
ȣԹԵãû㲻ΪϣҪ׼õԺеϧؿ
˽ǾԲǺܱȵģȻϲ֣˾ǿֵܰܶණ
ֻǣϷĹ޷ֵܷҪ顣
֪ҾͲҪˣ磬ô뵽һУеڣѾ״Ҫʲô
Ҫл˵ǸСӣĻͻȻ뵽һУûйع涨ǲƽ˵
ԭ֮ԣȴ˵һûķ档ӦҶ˻뵽취Ҷڵǣֻһɺϡ
ûһɺϣҶ˸ûķȻҪΪ췽ͻ
ΪһȽϼֱӵİ취
˵ʲôôеԻʵ
ͣС㣬ӺЦ˵ڳһȡ
޲ǽòϵģҲǱȽϲȵģȽӴˣҪȢΪӣԸ⡣
ȲĶǣ
ȻֻԸ⣬룡


633 Ϯ3
ˣллӿ佱߰ɣ˵ʲôɣлӣȻˡ
ھĽ֮ˣԭҪЩɸ£˳ȫµĻǺ췽һٸ֡
ǱеҲһƽ֣Ժܵͣһ£סܻᱻȫ⡣
ͬʱ͵ϮЩɵʱҲὫ˽ȻҪһսоԵѹ
ܼ򵥣ϾҪСں췽⵱Ϊ췽ǷԱȻҪࡣ
ڵƺˣڵĺ췽˷صģټϱ͵Ϯǽǿ֪ġ
ģһΣͬʱһµĹǾǺ췽͵Ϯ
Ȼ֮ǰ췽ǿģǿԶ͵Ϯˣ
ӽ˷ɢȥڵ·ź췽Ĵ˲Щ·ȻһͶ
ûκϢҶǰǰϰȻͲ߱·һԼ
ǰɣôôɣô͵Ϯˣеŵ˵
ôܣô㱰ɣݹ򣬲ûй涨췽һҪԹԷأûй涨췽̻ص
ǡҪ˵ʲô֪˵ʲô
ĻûдԼҪԣ÷ʲôأ
ʲôǲڵǸҶˣûµģֻϷ˵ġЦ˵ЦȻ
ʲôҲûеأ㱻˸ɵҾͲñˣ̻صе΢΢ģʮֵĿɰ
˺ˣ֪㲻뱻ߣȻĻҪˣҲʼЦˡ
УҲΪУҪˣҲһǣǱˣո˵Ҫǣ˻˵ҪʱǶһҪΪȺֱӵ˵Ϊ˵
ȥȥϹ˵
ȵĻ˶һ£ǿûô࣬˵Ļƺû˵
ֲǰЩ˻Ϊһԣ뷨Ǹӽӽһ㡣
ܿ죬ȵͷֿˣȥԵĵطҲǱȻģڴﵽԼľݵ֮󣬹˺ܾöûκεϢľǵȴ
ҲҪȰСʱɣǸʱŻжŻ췽֮Уʱ¹˭֣ĿԴˣ
˽һСʱ֮ȵſʼ½յϢ˵ǺϢ飬췽ļȫˣѾյĲˡ
һٸӣҲѾյ߰˰˵ˡ
ں췽ⷴе飬Ҳʼ֮ǣϢ˶һ£ȻӦں췽ͳ۶ܸߣһʵ̫ˡ
ʵյϢ֮Ҳ¶Цݣƺ
ǹȥһСʱƺβӦúܿͽˣΪѾʣ޼Ȼ췽ԱҲƴ˺֮ܶ࣬бϾŲٸִڡ
ǱĸɾˣǧˣѾջӣ
ˣ¶һʤߵ΢ЦʱΪԼѾӮˣҲһú췽Ӯˣˡ
ֻǣӽгĲ֮ʱ֪ûȫʤ
ʲôһǸ֮һģӵϢ֮еˡ
ǵģ㣡еͷ
ôˣô˻֣׸ʲô
ֻһˣ㲻֣Ҳʲô⣬ﻹǧˣôŪС
ʲôˣһܸʲôΪԲз̵Ŀܣ˴ߴٲнλλʤǺ췽
ֻǣȴûͬ⣬ֻؿЩ췽Ա͵ϮûƻأǾӦ֪ҪֻҪ˫лʤǾͲܽ
仰ƺû˵ʲô˵췽عصˣ˭óΪеúõһھˡ
ԣûеʱȫûκϣ£ǲǰ
ûҪȥǸ㾾ȻǾҪȵϰ˵ܽ
һ׻ܾãϰ˵Ǻѽϰ˵ǽʱ䣬ʱʤδ֣ҲҪ
֮󣬾Ļ֣ıߵĻָһ㣬Ǿıߵʤ


634 ң1
죬緹ʱ䶼ûеȻѾˣȻһֺƯȴⳡȤˡ
ǹȥһСʱ췽ûҵҶˣҶ˾ͺʧ֮һ㡣
ʱ򣬴ţҪҶ׽ԲأǲҪĵϰ˵㡭
˭֪˭üе˵
֪СѣҲϤĺ룬ҲСӦġƺעȵˣ֪Ҷȵеϵǲ֪Ҷ˭
ǺãǾȥС㣬ˣ˶ȥϢǲҪΪһֻСֵۣãѾҶ˹滮ΪСһС
ͬʱҲݴͣĵȣҶԼ֣ʱͿץסˡ
˵Ҷ˲֣ҲҪǸʱʹѾʤˣ
׽Բأû¶棿ӵĻ֮󣬺Ǿȵʵ
쵰˵ңȴŲˣǲɿ
ǵģھͲһˣȻĻǾͿԽˣС㣬ܲܺ˵һ飬Ǿץƽ˵ʱѾϢˣ֮һ裬ĺš
ҲǺֻ֪Ҷˣһ֣ǵһȻҲȥԷûǮ˸ˡ˵ŬػԼҶ˵˽ĺٺ١
֣ʲôˣͳһ㣬ҾҪЦЦǵ˵ʱҲȥҶˣ͵æае顣
ڴ˵ʤѾˣԼֺαżأȺȲ죬Ƕô⡣
ӻôҲ벻Ҷڵıȸ˵ˡ
ص֮ǰĳʱ䡭
ǰɣҲųһţ棬ӼСˣһңţǽŮģҶʱӻֳĸһҵ꣬һʳ׼һȥˡ
Ҷ˳֮󣬷ĿˣǰĻҲƽϣֱӳһˡ
ҶװƽϾңܶÿռָеģԣֻܺϰˡ
Ҷ˳ԵǺͨĶгֻۣһңĵ˵ֻҪҾ͹ˡ
ڣϰ徹ȻҪҶһңʵ̫ˣ
˼͹٣ûпǵƣϸƣϰЦ˵
Ҷ߳ҵ̧꣬ͷǸƣֻдɫĴ֡
һ棡
ʲôһ棿㲻Ҫңһ˼һһ棿Ҷ˿ϰ˵
û˼ոյǼСǶ͵ģǮֻһǮлл븶һңϰЦе˵
ҿôȥⲻǿ𣡣Ҷеŭ
λ͹٣ҲⲻǿˣʵۣУһɲдģϸϰ˵ʱ򣬾ָǸƣҲе㽾
еģһ
£𣿡Ҷ˿дһ£ʲôûУڰֵֻ֪⡣
ʲô⣿ǵϵ䣬͵ģÿ֪ƣ֪Ҫһҡϰ彾˵
˵ǰ֪ʲôʱ򣬰ʵԹһ棬Ǹʱҵʮֵĳɫʵ۾ʹ޲ѡ
Ǹʱ򣬰ʵ۶˵ǧֻǧ̫ˣ˵һֵһ
ǣʵ۾һʱд֣ⱾҪϰģϰƣȻĿʼһһҡ
˵ʼʱܲ㻨һңźܶԣҪΪҪһ°ʵ۵ĸо
ϰõͷ漴òһ㣬ҲһǣͿʼ͵ˣٽˡ
ģѾûԭˮ׼ͨǲ˶٣ƾһƣϰ廹ǻúܲ
ֻʵۣûдʲôƣⲻЩƣۿͰҶ˺ֱӵ˵
С㾹Ȼ˵ǻϣǲҪ˰ϰɫеˣϿʳĸȻҪά
ӾǲҪˣңղգҶҧҧʼˣåˣˣˣˣåҲһ


635 ң2
СӣҿǰɣҸ㣬棬ҲҪǮһСӣȥ֪ûǮȥϴϴӵծϰͬҲǺܺᣬܶࡣ
ϴϴ͵Ƿģ»ˣҾÿһѻĺڵ꣡Ҷе޷޵˵
ʱҶƺûȻ˼ҵĵ꣬ǻϴʲôȥŻǸɴࡣ
Ҳңϰܲм˵ҲǾãȻҶ˸յ꣬ΪʲôҪԼϴɴŻǸãһѻչ֮ʲôһġ
͵Űɡ
Ҷ˵ȥϴˣϴ֮ϰ˵һ䣺ڣҲǷʲôˣҪľӣҪҺڵ꣡
ң
ΪʲôңҶһ̳ƣֱ˹ȥһӵͳľζҶסһƾ
㣬㲻±˼ĵطϰе㺦ˣҶ飬Ѿ֮ˡ
£¸ëֲˣ̯飬ҲҲҵˣҶ˺ܹ˵͡
Ҫסְ㲻ҪҪҵĵ꣬ǾһˣϰУվЩ֮䣬һҪסӡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾԹҶ˽зѹʧܣѾ֪ҶһʵǿĽʿ
֪ôǿҾͲ쵰СӣȻôΪʲô֮ǰҪҵģΪϴ
ϰ岻ףҶΪʲôԸϴûбҪ顣
Ҷ˵˼ҶϴҪһʳԷծ񣬾ô򵥣飬㣬һ
ԣǷ˵ǮǻỹһҪ
ĻҲᵲ㣡Ҷ˺ƽ˵ȻӣֱӾ˹ȥ˿ûΪϰվԥ
ϰڿҶ˽ӹȥٶ棬ٶȾͺһ㣬һ
Ҷ˾ֻ˵˵ҪĻһˣ
Ҳν˻Ҳûʲôô
ʱɴѸ棬Һ˲࣬ƽʱҵҲûʲôˣҪ˵ʱ
ܿɵ꣬ɵǸ͵Ľƣ
𣿡ϰ˺ѷεؽкš
ǰǷģϲôôǸ⳥ҶЦ˵һͭӸϰ塣

ƽʱĻҶ˿϶ӳֵߵģҵֵ߳ܶĽңûС
ϰֻ˵ùˣҶȫˣùǣҶװʱ
Ҳϰ嵹ùթһ¹廹ȥΪ˻ʵ۵ĽԸģƽթҶ˲ǵһҵҲһ
˵ҵ걻յʱ򣬲֪˻ϰã
ӣҵĵ꣡ϰ˹ʹӣҼֻҶ˺ܸɴһŰ˻ȥ
Ҳ𣿡Ҷ˵˵
һͭңҲϰŭΪǵĶϻƣø˶˹Χ֮С
һͭҲǮǮˣ㿴õģšҶָǸŵĵꡣ
ŵĻ𣡡ϰҪȥҶˣ֪Լ򲻹Ҷ˸ո赭дĽ˲ˡ
Χ۵ȺڳĬˣѾ˽һ㣬д̾Ҷˣ˼ҵĵ꣬˵˼ҵĵ걻չֵǮ
˵գ
ǰҷŵģʡʱ䣬Ȼ鷳ȵȣʱ䣬ҿģһҪģ˷ôãĵ˶Ǳˣ㻹ǸңʲôطɣҶͻȻԼڻ֮УѾ˲ٵʱ䡣
Ҷ˲֪ڳлˣڵҶһˣȫ綼ڵ֣ⳡѾĻ
ҼҪǮ𣿡ϰһʱ֮仹㲻Ҷʲô˼뵽ľҶҪǮ͵
ҪңҶƽ˵

˶ĬˣؿҶˣţʲô˰
ˣûʱˣˣ´βҪײˣҶƺѾûκε壬ǣתȥ
ûһ֣ͻȻȥǺͨһȥ
Ȼϰ廹ǲԸԸҶ˾ˣ˹ȥҶһʾʹ˻ȥ
ϰֻܷˣȻô򲻹˼ңȥ˰νýʣǲǰװһ


636 ң3
뿪֮Ҷ鹹һŵͼԼλڵͼ֮УһĿ㣬Ǿڵĵط
֣ΪʲôһĶѵǶڽˣҶڽֵϿκ췽췽û࣬Ӧȥˡ
ˣˡ
Ҷ˵ĳֺܿͱ֪ǶʼҶˣǲûȥ֪ͨ췽ΪǲлǹڣǶһԭǾһˣҪԤκһҪκһ½һϢҲһУ
췽Ҫ֪Ҷ˵ĴڣǾͱɺ췽Լ֣
ֻǣʱ򣬺췽Ѿȫڸݵ㣬ڴûκκ췽ĳԱΪǶãֻһҶ˶ѣҪӣֱˡ
ףôֻк췽ˣأ
Ҷڽӽȵݵ֮ʱָûκĳԱֻоݵصĺ췽췽ô࣬ûκʧһ
ѵ˵ѾǳԵˣӦȻĻô
Щ췽ķǹģȻɣ˭ȥ
Ҫʲô
Ҷ˸Χ۵ĲڣҶ˾ȻҡڵǸݵ㣬ǶˣʲôѵҪһ˵
ֻǣȴ֣ҶƺȥǾҡڵ߽Ǹݵ㣬Щ췽Ƥӵ¡
ʲô飿Щ췽ѵûע⵽
ӦǿˣǻкأûзҶ˲Ǻ췽
ûУûз֣
Ҷʵǽһյ룬ովͷ֣췽ķغɣ߽Ҳ٣ûô̲顣
ֻ˵̫ˣ˶Ϊһʤǿ϶ˣҲûôˣҶһлɳ˵Ļᡣ
ھݵԺ֮УţŲ裬š
ȥôˣôûҵȿϵ̫ѾˣʱֹȥһСʱ
ûȥңֻ˷ѾԼ֣С㣬˽⣬𣿡Ӻɵ˵ţƺûһĽŸС
Ҳ֪ҵֱң֡еԺ˵Ѿ˵ֱˣȻԼҲ㲻ġ
Ϊʲôֱأ˵
֪ҡҡͷҾֱҵǰ
ܣˣҲԺӣǰȻץǾͲһˡҡҡͷһŵӣΪҶǲܹĹؿڡ
Ϊʲôܺý
ʱһôӱɫһľϲΪҶ˵ģȻûҶ˵Կ϶һİ˵ġ
Ҫ֪˶ǴӵˣھȻһİˣԼô۶Է˭ʲôĿģôӱġ
˰
˭ôģ
ͬʱ˵ȵĻôԼʵĵһ⣬˿϶ǸոԼ̸۵ǸҶˡ
ţˣҾ߽İҶ˵ͷӦ˵Ļ
ܣôˣôܲĽҡҡͷеˡ
Ҷһĸ֣ҪطҲҪ򶷵ֻһᣬҲеģڵȴûκεĶ
ôӾе㲻˼飬㲻
ʵпŵĲҲһе㲻˼飬ΪҶʼնǴҡڵ߹ûжأҲûб˷ݡ
ƺҲǺģΪҶģǺ췽ĳԱ췽ֲǸʶȻͱҶһ©
˺ܶͲܲ𣿺ˣȣңôǰȥѾˣҶʱԵӵĴڣôӸеûӡ
Ҫ뿪ݵ㣬֮ͳɹˣȥһطһҲᷴ㣬ǸʱҪԼ취ˡ˵
ܼ򵥣ǾˣҶ˺ܸɴ˵
ӳĬһᣬֱ黹ûΪЩﶼǵ۹Ů˭ôֱء
һ£ԸģҲֻȰ˵ǿдߡ
ΪЩŮĬϣǲҪȻҶ˿϶ǻǣеĺȹҶһ
ƺеˣҶֻ棬ǲǻὫЩȫߣһδ֪


637 һ˵ս1
ǲҵĴڣǲߵģ˵û֪ͨˣΪöԸҶˣһ㹻ˡ
˼ûʲôʱ䣬ȣߣҶ˱Ǹ˵Ȼȣֱӷ뿪
Ҷ˵ܿ죬쵽Ҫ׷϶ֻýˣ˷ӦʱҶѾ˴˾ݵ㣬ѾɹΪõ֣ţһ˵
еסˣƺһһִܸУܸеǿҵĲģ
ܿ죬ҶԼֵϢͿʼڻʳﴫЩԭʧȥȤˣֿʼ¡
ҶⳡһĻ»˹³ΪȫǹעĶ
Ҷˣ쵰ŭ
ﰡҶڶ䡣
ôƯΪʲô֮ǰ㻹Ҫȥҧ˵ڿҶǼеĽͬʱҲеԹ
Ϊ֮ǰҶ˴ϸ̨ԵʣҪˡ
ұȽһ㰡ҪǣȻ˷ˣҶ˺޳ܵ˵
ȥŭ
ҲȥҪˣ㲻ӦΪʲôҪңҶͻȻ⣬֮͸Լˡ
ûˣȻ񣬵ҿԸ㿴ţһˣ˭˵ҪϷǿ϶ҪҶˣɾ˵ģֻҶһˡ
ʲôֻһˣأҶеʵ
˶Ѿ췽ˣ췽Ѿõ˾ʮŷ֣ҪܰĻǾһһ֣Ӯǣסһƽ֣סˣ˳һҶڵľơ
䣬ңҶ˾
ھһˣҲˣ˵
Ҷ˳Ĭһᣬϸ룬Ȼͷ˵˵úҲǣھһ˵սҿô£ѵһе
ţʵ˵Ҳһ飬һ˶ڿ㣡ЦЦҶ˵ƺе㲻һˡ
ǲǾҸߴͣҶ˿ȣͻȻһ䡣
Ź֣
㣬ҪͰȫˣʱҶһˣҶ˾Ǽ͡
Ⱥ˲ˣйڣвУǶϣҶ˿ԼȥȻǾҶӮĿ㣬ǻϣҶ˿һ㣬Ҳúÿһ㡣
ôңⲻǱ¶ҵ٣Ҷ˶źֱӴôһ𣬾㲻ͨ籨ţҲܽҶ˵ٱ¶ɡ
ʲôϵں췽ҲֻǵȥһЩ˲ػص
ûҶڵ췽û⣬Ҷ˳ˣ췽Ҳ׷ɱҶˣǾûҪֻҪǿͿҶֹˡ
ոȱߣһʧǵĲСģ
ⲻһ֪ҵ·ߣһҵĿǿʱҾͰװ׻ѹˣǶţҪı·ߣңҶ˵֮󣬾һˣȶ
Ҷ˵ʱЩ˶һģǰµԹߣ
ܰȵҪ׷ҶˣȴҶڼ֮䣬ʧڽ֮Уû˿ҵõ
ô죿
ȻȥļţҪһ֡
˿ʼɢȥŸݵȥǶϣҶܳǵǰĻͿԿϷˡ
ȿҶʧĵط룬ȻȥˣҪ֮⣬һҪԭ򣬸ոҶ˵Ŀڵĵط
Ȼ˵˶Ҷ֪Լ¶ˣͲȥǱߣȥҲˣǱߵķҲһ㣬ȾҶ˸˵ĸоֱӣӦò׸ıԭĿġ
ȥǱߵĻҲһܺõĻᣬΪ󲿷ֵ˶ȥ
㲻ҲνΪҶ˳ȥģֻҪȾͺˣҶ֮ǰ˵ҪǣΪҪĿꡣ
ȣôˣ㲻֪֮ǰǲ뿪ݵ𣿡ʱʵΪǵƤˡ
ǣѾҶ˰ҿԵˣֱ˵
ʲôҶˣ˵һˣǵطдǣôܱأԾ飬е㲻š


639 һ˵ս2
ڳϣſ֮ϣ°Ͷ棬һӡ
㵹ǿ˵һһûȡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ͰǽˣƯҲܿ죬һ˸׷ȶ飬ʵҲеԻ֪Ҷôģ֪Ҷʱȥʲôˡ
ԭֲÿڴǰ㣬ԭãϷ֮УǺҪģеȻˡ
Ҷһ˿ԶԸһȺˣǿȵĻˡ
ϾֻϷֻҪϷˣ
أʵĹؼҶ˽ʲô飬Ĺؼ
˭ֻһˡ
֪ȥǣģٱ˷֣ˡ˵
˵ҪҪһ£飬ȨģϺ췽һЩƻ
ǱˣֱӴġ˵ҪʱͻȻ߶һˣֱһֵΡ
˲ǱˣǻеҶˣ
ҶˣôܰΰеżغʱûйҶΪʲôͻȻ֣ôϢĳƤӵ¡
Ҫ˵һʵߣû뵽ȻᱻҶ˺Ԥ׵ĽҪҶҪǵǺǺصġ
˵ԼҪ취ֱˣҶ˺ֱӵ˵

ˣոֻʶѣҪǿ
ѹ֮󣬵ֱ֪Ƶˡ
ȣҪһ𣿡Ҷ˿ʵڹ˽⣬ôͲòһ¡
ˣѾڻˡҿͲ˵ꡭȲ˵ǰ֣Ҷ˾Ѿȥȫȡ
ҡҡͷԼȥҶ˵ķȥҶŵƣڷƽصĸоôѧѧᡣ
ܿ죬ȳ˾ݵ㣬·ҵ˻ڻԵҶѾ֪ˣʱıϣмھǻĹԱ
Ҷֱӽݵ֮󣬵õһ֮ͺܸɴĽһӣȻˣøĹиеգСôһ㶼֪ϧġ
ǵ۹Ĵ֮һС㣬ôһһ־ˣ
ô£ôѹ֮󣬾һãȻǰʵ
ѾҶ׳ɹˣոˡ

߰ɣҿƻȥǱߡ
ţȥ

ʲôǸССˣ
Ϣոмˣ˳·Ҫȥ
ǰɣǸСô
㻹֪֪֪СôģǱֱӴεģ֮󣬾ͺһС·ߣԼˡ


֮ǣһҶûʲôͷ׻ھȻʼ·ת˹עĽ㣬⽹ľҶСӡ
ݵ㸽ԽԽ࣬ҶڵҶ˵ĳ֣ϣܿҶ׵ķɡ
ʱ򣬴ƺҶпܻȻǺܵ͵ģϾֻһˣҪԸȴǧˡ
ʱǧ˾ۼһͨı£Ҳһ޷ټǰˡ
ʱ򣬴һǿźϷݣһҶĻԽԽߡ

Ҷˣе㱾£֪ʲôʱң벻ҾȻҲһڴˣյϢ֮󣬾ͿʼЦˣҶ˱ԼҪ˼ˡ
ڴˣˣҶ˵֣ӰҲ֮֡
˰΢Ц˵Ҷ˵ĳֲûгԾΪѾ׼ˣյϢѾ֪Ҷû
ţˣҪұߣԼߣҶʵ
Լߣ˵֪Ҷ˱ߵĺ壬ǾԼԼߣԼ·ߡ
ڵ϶ѾյϢҶǼǿȻ˭ԼΡ
Ǿ߰ɣ
Ҷ֣Ȼϣʱûע⵽Īĺ˺졣
ˣסǷһٷҶ˽ݵ㣬׼뿪ƺûע⵽Ǹʱվźܶˡ


640 һ˵ս3
Щйڣк˫вУҪĴˣǶҶˡ
Ҷ˵ϰ߾˾ͲˣĴҲһúܶ˸еŭŭҶôôôõĻᾹȻҲҪҪ˵仰ǾͿܷ²Ůġ
²ȫֻҪеһͺܲˣΪʲôʲô˶һӵһ
ûǿۣ
ŮƣǱҶĹ֮УҶ˵仰֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ǶԼɫеʧȥˣ
Ҷˣȵһ£ȿҶˣ̽е
ʲô˵ҶȻ˻λƶš
ǾôᷳһᶼԸ⣿ʱһĵ˵
ûʲôʱ䣬ҲǻҪʵģҶ˻ش
ˣҲôż߰˵
Ҳ룬к췽ˣǱǸΧˣʱҾ鷳ˣҶ˺ֱӵ˵ʱ򣬺췽ѾʼˣҶˣΧ׷½Ҷˡ
˵ľ⣬Ҫȥ췽˻ԽԽ࣬ҪҪȳҪǸɵһ֣ȻǶۼһģһ˴򲻹˼ôġҲֱӣֱӵú췽Աе죬һ˼Ǻ췽Զ١
ʵϣ˵ҲҶ˽ҪԵϾ⣬Ҷÿһ͵ʩһݵĺ췽ԱʱԽԽࡣ
Ҷ̫ˣû췽ԱƴûʧԱ
ûµģЩʱ˶ಢһܰ飡Ҷ˵ǲõңһ֪ʲôһ˵ս
Ҷ˵֮󣬱ʧǵ֮У

һ˵սҶǳ˵֮⣬벻Ȼľ棡
۹ĻʵۣյµϢ֮󣬱㷢һ̾
ϣҪҪº棬һ˲ţһ˵
ǰ˲ŰӽеˣƺưɡʵЦ˵
󳼺գ˵˵˵ܻᵹù
ѾҶʮˣ˼ˡ
ʱҶ˾һŬɨ˵ͼϵľ󲿷ֱǣʣµļڵͼһǡ
˭û뵽ģյϢʱſͶȥһѼ
ȫǶǣҶһ˵սǣпյˣۼļݵ㡣
ڿԿ϶Ҷ˿϶⼸ݵ㣬ʱ췽ҲһǰĹģ潫ʮֵĺ

Ҷ˻᲻ӮλȴʱڸۿҶ˿ܻȡʤ
˵Сʱ֮ǰһ˵ǲܵģڣҾеģǸӵĿǰ棬鵽زҲû
ǰҶ̫˼ˣȻһ
ȵ˵ߣǼŮĴ󲿷ҲڣҲҪҪ֪Ҷ˵׻᲻Ӯ
ǶҶ˶ܺ棬Ҷ˽ݵʱǾͿʼ棬鷢չزǵĺҲԽԽˡ
ܶ˶ĽҶˣΪҶ˽ʵ̫ˣǹκˣҲһˡ
ͬʱҶԸĻһ׷ЩŮΪЩŮеģǵӡʮֵ̡
ǴĽĵط
Ҷʲôȿǰ棬૵˵
һ͵͵룬ôˣҲûа취סġһ͵̫ǿˡȵϸ˵
ǣλֱɱȥͻȻ˵
Ϊʲô뷨ɱȥһôܻӮǷĻ
ҡҡͷ˵Ⲣҵ뷨ʵǰԼ
ʲôǰɣĸôȻȥսôˣȶǱߣǷ֣Ҷ˻ľҡڵ췽Щˡ
СģҪʹթ
췽˺ܽţͻȻֵҶˣǾǰ飬е㲻ʵ
Ҷһֱ͵Ϯ֪ߣԴˣ췽˺ŭڴҶ޳ܣս
ڣҶĳǿʼˣҶıģҪСģ
γǵһϣҪĽҶ˵˵


641 1

ʲô˵ʲôҪսô
ǲҾͲˣҶһǰ棬ĻһһнˣⲢɱУҶ˽Ǵһ£˿ڲ
㡭Ǹнı뷢쭣ܿͱĲֹˡ
нߣʧȥʸԶӽ
ߣǸне㲻ģòعء
ʱͻȻӦҿϣ㿳һСӣֻҪСһ㣬ǾӮˣ
ǰôû뵽ϰ
ʱ췽˿ʼ˷Ƿ·𿴵ʤĽԼǰҪɱһ˻еѣֻһˣǼֱ̫ˡ
ǣȫ˿ʼҽɱȥǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǿҶ˶ѡ
ôô͵͵ͺˣΪʲôҪͱ˶ɱһ૵ƺеҶˡ
ǰǽʥ֮£Ҳұ֤˰еü

˶ΪҶ췽ԾĻǲ˵϶Ҷ䣬Ͼ췽̫ˣҶһСľͻᱻ˵
ǣƺĲһ
ں췽ʼ֮ҶһֱɵУǵ֮УɵܣûбκУȻҲûб˵
һʼʱ򣬴һΪҶֻһʱģȴ֣һʱģҶ˾Ȼģûб˵ֺ
⣬⵽ʲôʥҪĪ
һڵģΪҶȻܹȥˣÿοŶǺܾյıܹҪǺ췽ŬһĻǿ϶ᱻС
ȻǺ췽뷨Ժ췽һֱڼӴȣĽһǺƣ
Ҷں˵ʱеĽȴûͣһпľĺ췽һУʧȥʸ
ٶȷǳĿ죬ڶ̶̵һʱ䣬췽ͼȥһٶˣ
Ҷ˲ǿǿ
ҲΪҶʵΪˣỮһ£ͬʱΧҲûзǿ
ϾһϷҪ̫ƴ
ƴĻʵͺֳֻ˵ҶǺǿ˵ѹˣǻ̫ǣǿˡ
ܿ죬췽ټҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ֧ԮˣϾǶԷֻҶˣסҶˣǻҪ
췽ԽԽ࣬ȻҶ̭Ҳܶ࣬˸Ӷ࣡
Ҷ˾ɱȺɱУ췽ûңƺûҶǿɱ֮УһҪǸȦ֮бΧ
ǻȺһ㣬Ҷ˵ǿ޷赲췽һ̭֣ҶȴȻˣ
̭֮УҲһЩ֣ǶҶ˵Ľеһֺ£һ޷ĥĽǶ˭һƵУһ
͵ͿҶ۷Ƿ
ףأ
ܿ죬ҵĺ췽ڻһʱ֮ȴ֣ԭ֮еҶƺˡ
ã
ʱ˴Ȼܽȥ鿴ԼѾˣѾʧҶˣͬ档
ʱ˿̣ƺˣҶΪģģ֮ǰЩֻһ֣㹻֮Ϳɽߡ
Ǳһ벻СӾȻôƻ
ʵǲ֪Ҷ˽ƻҶ˵Ŀĺܸɴ࣬ʲô鶼ΪֻҪ˼סһ㣬ҲͲϵˡ
һʣ¼ҶҪӮҲǲܵġ˵׼תƵһط
ҪӮǺѣԽеߣһô׶ԸģһСģҪԵ˿ļ΢΢ü˵ֻҪ췽˵ǸæҶһ䣬ٲӮ
˭ʵ
һ㶼µˡЦЦ˵
ȶẦµˣϺûжˣһ֮һҲһŮƺе㲻ܰɡ
ҺµˣҲŲκˣȵȣ˵ǸŮˣͻȻһˣȷе㺦ˣΪ˵ʵʵ̫ˣߵΡ
ûˣڣҶҲãҲһʧܡ˵
վں췽ǱߵĻҶǺΣաȲϣֲòϡ
ˣҶҲѾúܲˣ֮ǰ˭뵽ߵһЦ˵УҲһվں췽ǱߣӲһ˵
һǲһ˵ĳɹʺܸߣˣκ췽֮Уһѡӻ


642 2
ˣŴӵǺأĹѡ˵ҪΪ嶯ʲô֪嶯Ϣ޹صġ
һǸ쵰ʱȹˣҧԹޡ
Ҷ֮ǰѾˣոյ׻֮УȹҲ֮һȻҪˣ뱻ҶߣͱҶ˸ˣֱӳǽ⡣
˵֮ǰҶ˻֪ţȹȴȫһҶ˦жԶӶԶصײÿ˶еһʹ

ǻֱȥǸݵ㣬ｫսҲûảȹ˾ˡ
뷨ҶʵĵطӦûҺ췽Ҳļط˶ۼһ
Ҷ˶Դе֣νɰȫû˷صﾾ֮ǰľݵ㣬ǽĹؼط
ڣҶһٸ֣췽оʮŸҶǾͱʾһʤ
Ļǰ֮ǽӭ׻ʷصһʤҶһ˵ʤֻǿһ˵սȻܽ
Ȼֻ˵Ҷûһνһƽ֣ƽ֣ҲҶʤߡ
ƽˣʵҲǺ췽ˣ
췽ֻܽҶ˽ǲܻʤӮˣҶҲһӮˣΪѾӮúܶණѾԽ˽
ڸеƵľǴӣû뵽ӣԼųɾ͸飬ھȻ˳ɾҶ˵顣
Լôˣڱһ˱Ƕô޷ŵ飡
һҪӮ
أ˵ûУӿߵŮȻеȴ崿ޱȵŮ
ܶ˶˵ѾǴӵˣȴԴ֮ԱǣأΪ̫Сˡ
رͿԽˣĺȴûͬ⣬ΪҪԼĵһ»Ǹҹ
ӶԴҲûǿͬʱҲỳɺǲƭԼɺû˴Ů֮
Ϊص壬ӸÿĶˣÿҲˣѾ֮׹ںص˽һҲںԼ
ʱ鲻ֻ棬ΪشӶ仰ӵŲɣ
ǴӵҲ飬Ѿ飬һҪлˣس֮⣬ҲһǿǴӵұۣ
֮ѡΪʵΪƽʱµʱӴӴĸ飬ȻԺصļ̣һܱӿϡ
Ѿ˵ˣЦЦ޶˵Цúܶзĳ嶯
ô˵ʵ
ͬˣὫˡ˵
ҿڣȻǸСĸԣԲҵʣԳЦ
һʵĴС㣬ǰʵҲһˣŵı£һ֮ǿˣͬʱ˵ܿͻ켶Ľ׶Ρ
Ȼ˵ͻ켶Ľ׶ΣҲһͻƣʱҲ˵׼е˻˼꣬е˻˼ʮꡣ
ô˵׶εģҲѾеľ֣ڻֻһŮǱʵ̫ˣ
ҲΪҶãֵĻҶһʧܣ
ڴҵУҶ˵뽣Ȼ棬ǾҶ˵ʵҲǵؼףԶ
ʵԸҶˣӵ˶а취ǵʵֻҶ˲ǻᣬ֪ҶͻߣʱǾʧˡ
˵ֻõģҶ˱ҪҪƷ޿ɱܣ
ľսҪʼˡ
Ҷˣô
ҶʱͻȻȵ˵ߣȵ˶һ㶣Ȼʵ
ôԺ˵ӦˣҶֱӶ˵ʱˡ
ʲôѵ˵ҪԷԼҶ˵ĳŵһ飬ǾҶǣҶ˳Է
ǰҵǮûˣڶӺöҸطҳԶٷҶŶӣǿ˵
ҶҪҸطԼϺѾûκǮˣ֮ǰţˣңһЩͭҡ
Ȱѻ˰ԷҶڵءе㺹գҶеֲأô˶ȻҪȥ
֪֪ʳΪ죡ûóԣ㰡ȥҼҷݡЩ˶ǿֵģǶһҲġҶ˺ܲ˵



643 3
гԵģҪȳšȴӿռóһЩʳ
ԣҶ˽ӹʳ˼ڣȻߴ˵߰
ȲȳЩ𣿡еˡ
ֻȳЩ˵ҾͲҪˣ㰡㡭ҶʱʵǶúܣ㶼гˣȻ˭óһĽз
֮۾һ˵Ȼҽ㣬ǽҲܿ㣬ߣĺģ
ˣʲôôͿԼոջ˵ô˵ţȴˡ
ţ߰ɣҶ˵ͷ͵
ҪȥһЩͳЩŭ
ȥҶ˲ػش
㻹˼ǲǾӮˣǸͳŭˡ
ӮӮҲֻ֪֪ٲԶҵĶƤҪͱһˡҶڻصûȥ˵˭
㲻ߣû꣬Ͳߣ
˭ףȣ֮ǰһˡҶ˿ˣ˺֮ǰһˡ
ǵģǴӣǺ췽ͷˣΪҶ˽͵
Ǻ췽ͷˣͺðˣ㲻ҳԷˣڴҾˡҶЦ˵
㣿ȥ˵
Ǻ췽벻ҪӮҶ˺ֱӵʵ
ȻҪӮ˺Ǻ췽ˡ
ʱҶѾ췽ΧˣȻôɣ΢Ц˵ҪӮĻǾ͸׼һԵģҪ
ҪЮ𣿡ӿҶ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǣǺ

СҲ޳ܵģթ
ߣΪܴͰһķΪͻӮ𣿡е㲻˵غߵ
Ҳ֪֪ҽ֣ǾһӮˣҶЦ˵

˶ĬˣѾҶ˵˼ҶֻҪĻǽ϶Ǻ;֣Ǻ췽ȻӮˡ
;ͺͣͺģ𣿡Ц˵вңΪһͷ
ŶһԶһĵطԼСʱˡҶ˲˵ⲢвĲ⡣
Ҷ˵û˵ԼһҪʤһҪ⣬;Ҳʲôġ
㡭ƺҶ˵⣬ףҶˣǾ;Բܻ
ã׼㲻жͳԣ˵˵ʤǲܵģȻôĴСæ
˰ٶֵġҶڻص˵һʵֻûŶѣֻǾҶڿЦ
ǱҳԷȻϾˣȻǲǣ𣡡Ҷ˵ɲԷʱ˴ˡ
֪ˣͷĺˣӻصҶ˵ҪǺѽԣ˴Ҷ˳
ɲҶ뿪ҪҶӮϣ
㶨ˣҶЦ˵ǸȣûгԵģҪӡ
ԣ֪ԣ㾹ȻӶթȽʳҶˣѾںҶ˽ˣΪѾ޷ıˡ
թֻҳԷһ٣컹һͣãҾͿˣҶ˼һ£ԭ֮ôԷΪһ٣ûһˡ
治֪ô˵㣬ҪԵĻһҲûϵαȥǴӣеˡ
Ǿڶ棬Ǻ췽Ҷ˵˭£Ųںӡ
Ȼô˵
ʲô˵ˣǵȳԷˡҶ˴ȵĻȥ
Ҷˣ˼ܶ˶в磬ûġҶˣе㸴ӵ˵
Ҫ˵ҶввһЦƫƫӾͷˣôӾͷ˲࣬˵ûС
еִˣʤôҪ𣿡ҶڻصҲ֪ǲе˼Ǵڶԡ
˵û̫ˣһȻЦ˵
ὫߴӣѴӲҪ̫һЩ飬ΪЩ飬ԲŻʧܡ
ԼҲģʱԼ
ܿ죬Ҷ˵;͵ˣӻΪҶ˰һӣûСҶˣĺҶ˾ô˻ܲ
һЩˣҶթǾͻ뷨跨ĸҶѿ׼ǲܵģ


644 ⣨1
ҶҲûйô࣬͵ŴҵʱҶǸȴʧ߹ĳˡ
Сӣôй̬ѵҿ
ܶ˶ʼɣҶ˵ĳǻҶ˵ݣоϺһƽõģǹʣԻ
Ĵ磬Ҷ˳극֮󣬶űϵ˵
ţͷʾͬޡ
Ҷ˼Ƿ滺˶һֺƣ˿Ҷ˵һ档
ҶˣҪСģﲻ򵥣һѾ췽ͬһսˣʱ˵оҶϾҪʼжˡ
ûϵģѾϵˣȻôرšҶЦЦ飬Ѿˡ
ĻΪʲôҪļݵ㣬Ǽеһݵ㣬Ҫ׷ء
ɲһˣӵнӽ켶ʵ˵
Ҷһһ֣û뵽Ȼߵ̶ֳȡ
ôǲǺˣ˾ɡһߵĺȹЦ
ãֻ鷳һѣɵİɡҶʵ
˳Ĭ⣬ûа취ش𣬴ûɵ
֪ǲأҶ˼Ҷ֪ҳĲС
Ҷ˵˵֮亹һ֮󣬾һ֮ǲŻص̭ǿԵģ˫з֡
ǾˣҶһ֣ɵǸҾӮˣҶ˸ɴ˵
ֻ亹
СҲ̫֪ϧˣһ·ı־Ϳ֤ˣȻҪȥ
ˣʼɣҪɵǵҶ˶ź췽һֱ˵Լ뷨Ҳ򣬴˵Ķ֮У
ӿԼߵĺأֶһ˵ĸоǶҶ˵ĸо
ҡҡͷЦЦҶ˺˼Ļ̫ˣȻԼһӮˣҲһֵˡ
ߣ˭ôţҪɵС㣡ĴС˳һ˵
Һ˵ģʣΨһǸ㣬ǺţҲмţ˵ʱҲеҶˡ
ô˵ʱ򣬻Ƕһ˵ʱ򣬾֪һϷҲһôɡ
УҪһλС㣬ʵ켶ǸѹǶôĴ
ҪҪҳȥٶȿһ㣬ҵĶӶʼˡλС˵ûгţûгԡ
һɣӦúܿģѾʼˡӱ˵
ǾͿһ㣡ĻС˵
ģһģ˵ȳȥһأʱ򣬴СѾˡ
ţصͷ
ʲô
ڳȥʱõſڵʱ򣬾ͿһֻŶԼ˹
ǣӾһɵܣһֻŵϮǸʱûü˭˭ô󵨣ý
ĲоͳǰȻ˵Բӣ뽻ƣ
ʲôһ㶣ףԼôᱻ̭ˣԼȫˡ
ʱ򣬲ָһ´ӵӣ

ӿһԼӣ֣ԼѾ˸жˣģǱǸпԷҪȥĻԼ־Ҫϵˡ
ԴˣӸеһ£ҿֻһϷҳֵַƵĺûб˵
ڣܶԼֵģֻһˣѵ˵
ӿ󣬷֣Ҷ˵ӰԼǰȥȻԼǱ̭ˡ
ֻǣô֪ʱģ
Ӻɻ󣬲֪ܲҶ˲֪Ҷֻ֪Ҫطһ·ɱӰ֣һ˹ȥȻٲһ
ֻ˵һɺϣǴùײҶ˵ǹ֮ϣ
ڵ֪ʱ鲻֪Ҫƣ֪ĻԼ棬ȴҶ˽
Ӻ޹ҲҶ˵ĽȻһ˲ջأԼоûУǱѵĻԼͲ֪
ŴӿһȺˣôˣȻһ˶סòһζҶ˵ٸһ̶ȡ
˭û뵽飬Ҷڽ췽ıȦ֮󣬾һⱣȦ֮Уûκ˿赲


645 ⣨2
һ·ĪڻĲУһĸʾм䱻Ҷɨȥĺ췽ԱӣΪǱ̭ˡ
Ÿ׷ȥ
ӿȺĺ췽ԱŭԼҲͷܽȥʱƺˣԼӦ˵
ӣע⣬Ѿ̭ˣвְѵ
ƺŷӦڨڨ˵Ҹȥûϵɡ
ȥûйϵ˵Ԥ˵ȫǰչܶԷ˭һ
֪һעģӵͷͣȻŽȥ
ʱ򣬳˺췽ȥ֮⣬ȵҲǿƾ½طվڸߴ棬Ҷ˵жź췽ôȥֹҶˣȥ̭Ҷˡ
ڿӦ⣬ҶôȵһܺõλãڴСǸԺӵıԺе¥
¥ЩģСһ
ҾҶ˵Ľܻ⽣ʵ̫ˡȵԼ뷨Ҷġ
ҿһᱻŰˣǵ۹һţȫˡʱ򣬺ȹԹ޵˵
ҿ˫лᣬܾ˵ĻǺҲҶӮһٸ֣췽ֻоʮŸ
Ҷ˱ɵˣǶԷǶһ֡
ǣҶ˲Ǳ췽ɵģǱɵģָô㣿
ҾͲ֪ˣˣҲƽ֣ҲԴϲ
ŮǿʼۣôŮŰɫɴ¥ϣһ羰úܶ˶Ϊ֮ԡ
Щ˾Ϊ˿ֵģǰ棬ҪЩָˣȻͻߺܶ
ҪȴϲȹȥҶ˽ӽӵʱһЩ˳ȥҶ˵¡
ŶҶ˵ͷȻȥһŽһ˲ڽ¡

ιιֻһѣ㲻ҪĲȰôޣ
ȵǸƣҪˣһ˧ӦԼҪ󣬲ҺãԼΨһǸмҡ
֣
ٴγ֣Ǽùıȵ߳֡
ҶԽԽҾóӦûԽԽʣ֮󽫻ʵһ棬ǾҶֻƴǸСƴ
֣
ûˣԺѾڵȴҶˣǼ˶Ǵߵĸ֣ͬʱҲǺݵĹꡣ
ʱҲӦ棬ֻ̫ùˣҶ˸̭ˣ
ৡ
Ҷ˽֮Щֻڰ̬׼˵һЩ˵Ҷ˺ǺҪǲܵģ֮Ļ
ֻǣǷѾûˣ
ΪҶڽ֮󣬺ܸɴľֱӰνûиκκ˵ĻᣬǼѾҲˣҲ˵̭ˣ
֣
֣

Ǽʱĳ֣е㲻״ĸָ߳ˣ
Ҷˣ˼ֱӾͳˣֶԾȻҪȷˣЩνܲͲҪҶ˵Ϊɵ÷һп
죬Ҷϣѧܶණţһǵһ죬ҶҲӦ޷ǵˡ
Ȼ޷ǣΪҶ˽̻һЩܶ档
ʱ򣬴Ҳڳ˼ƺҲ뵽һЩҶ˵ϣһЩԺĴºа
ܶ󣬴ӾõӦðҶΪʦѧĶ
Ȼʱ򣬴Ӳûôֻ࣬ڴĺϷݣǾơ
˶յ˹ϢǶ֪ｫǺ췽ߣһʵķߡ
ţҶҲãҲǵʱֻҪ˰æһѣҶ˾Ϳ϶ᱻɵ
ȻֻҪĴСͬһ㣬һ˵ǲܵģ˰ϲս˵սҪеߡ
˶ڴţڴŴСȻһս
ܿ죬ŴˣһŮ
ǸɣҪɵ㣡ҶָǸŮ

ȫĬ
ǣǣǺ췽ġӽŵ˵ҶŮΪŮǺء
Ҫɵ棬ƢôãСһ㡣Ц˵
أ˵ʲôƢﲻˣС˳˾ǰһһɫĻɴûзж֮ҪսǸӾˡ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶¶ڴǰƺֳҶСս龰Ȼ󲿷ֶǴСӡ
ﰡ
Ǹ㡭
ҶС㼸ͬʱ˵ҲͬʱǶסˡ
㡭
㡭
ͬʱ˵ţؿŶԷ


646 ⣨3
ҳȥ˵Ҷ˶һ仰Ȼͷ뿪
ʱ򣬴Ҷסˣ֪ҶǸʲôôҲսֱ˾ߡ
ȥǴСôܻȥҪȰ˵
һ˶е˼鷢ˡ
С㾹ȻĸŷȥҶ˳ȥˣ
Сߣ̾ͽкôСȥĻˡ
ʱ򣬴һôС׷ҶˣҪҶսһֻһʱˣ뿪ݵ㣬췽ˡ
ֻǣСһ仰ôףСƺ֪췽ҪˣҪˡ
֪ˣҰﲻ㣡

ǰɣʲôȻһȺˣ㲻ˣ⵽Ƿʲô顣
ӦĻƴھȻ˼ˣ񲻷ˣ
ȥǺ⡭
Ȼ⣬Ȼôʱԣ
ǺһȺڳȥˣЩ췽ĳԱѾˣΪҶǴС㶼ֹģֻܿ뿪ݵ㡣
ôӸ㲻ˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ʶǸȥɣ˵ȻӸ˳档
ˣĻʤ
ҶС㶼ݵʱ򣬻ҲʽҾ黹ûн̫ˡ
˶Ҷˡ
ӮˣˣСƣҳԷȥҶ˶ǴС˵
仰һҾˣҶСʶģҹϵһ㣬ȻдСΪСôܡ
ֻǣǶ֪СԸ֪Զźܴľ룬˼ˣʲô˿̱ܿ
ʲôʱôһλܵѣ
Էû⣬ҪңôС㿴Ҷ˵
˵ҳԷ㡣ҶЦ˵
ˣǰ㲻ԷǮͲģôڿʼҪͣǲɵˣŶˣ㱾ɵġСɻؿҶˡ
꣬˵װˣҴҵݣ鷳Ҷ˵

һ˭֪ҶŲһݣѹ֮ǰԷ̬̬ԭĲһˡ
Ҷˣܸҷʲô𣿡˹һ
ûʲôһˣû뵽ﾹȻСƣ֪ĻҾͲô鷳ֱ溰ˡҶ˵
ʲôˣ㺰ͻĻ𣿡ʺţСܿ£û뵽ȻҶ˵Ļ
ᣬҵġһΪҪҡҶ˵

⵽ʲôϵѵܵѣ
Ȼѣȴи֮ףڻСʱҶ˼ҵ֮һͻᱻ׷ŴȻûгɹ
ûСǷƣӰĴС㣬ʵٮٮߡ
˵ûһγɹģҶˣҴһ٣ʥ֮ѾԭҶˣȻǶҶе⣬ϾҶһĥӰ
ڣ޷
Ҷ˺ܲػص˾̫¸ˣȻҶԷǲ
ǿƷ쭵ӣֻǿеҧҧС촽ʮֵĿɰ
Сƣûطסеط𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
ʲô˼Ѳ㻹סڷƵļǲܵģƲܻһסҡ
аҪסãֱʵĻһδ˴ҵ뷨Ǹеˡ
ʲôʱ򣬷ô˵ģҶһˡ
Ǿ߰ɣѾˣҶ˵
ţҶҲˣؼҳԷˣƵͷ
˳һ㷹Ҳˣ
㲻ǸոճԹ𣿡
ո˶˰ˣһ㷹ѣҽҵĽ
УһҪ𣿡
ڣʱҲ̣
Ľܺ𣿡
Ȼĺã
ԡ
Ҫ㿴ʲô˫Ľ

ڽ̸֮УȥһȺĲĹڣǻǸ㲻Ҷ˵ʲôϵġ
ͬʱƺ֣Ҷ֮ľܽǲеģⱾǺ飬ڷϾͲġ
֮ǵ˶֪˻ᱣϵľ룬ԶĻͻᷢ쭵ġ


647 ĸ￴Ů1
ȥ
ȵ˸ҶˣҶ˻ǷƣŵļֵܾŹҶˡ
ҲһȥҲ̫ţҲ֪ӰСϲˡҲ֪Ҷ˵ݣҪ֪ҶƵĹϵһֻɺعȥ
ǸʲôҪ䷹𣿡Ҷ˷ȵˣͺֱӵ˵

ʲô䷹ֻǶӶˣһԺˣ˳һң㵽˭ΪʲôӰĹϵôãȵֱӣûԼĿġ
˵Ҫһ㣬Һʲôʱϵˣֻ۾ģҶ̳ڷ
ۺۣǹϵãôסңסҼңǻأʵ
еɻؿҶˣôû˵Ҷ¼йǺϵûаɡ
һᣡסҺܼ򵥰Ϊ֪ҵݣռ˵ġҶ˵

¼ҾռǱˣеʵ
ҲһᣬҰ˴廹׸ģһԼֻҪͿȢеһȣȡĳ˽͵С㶼ԡҶ˵
ҾܾˣԻһǾܾˡ
ˣһǺҪЮʲôҪǹģҪȻͼ¼壬ҲҪġȻֻһĻѾܲ³ŵĶ֪¼̬ȣͲɵþúЦ
ϻȻҪҵǮûлأҶҡͷ
Ҷˣ㵽˭Ѿ֪Ҷ˵ݾԲ򵥣ǲ˵Ц˵һʵ
ʵĻҶ˵ݾͿֲˣ¼ǵ۹֮һļ徹ȻҪ
ҾҶ˰Ҷеֵؿܰ׳ա
ƣ˵˭
Ҷˣ

˭֪ΪʲôҪ˵
ƣ˼ǣҶʲôˣʲôݣȻ˵ĻǾͲ˵ˣʱ˵ʱҲҪ֪Ҷ˵ݡ
Ҳ˵ˣҶˣݣֻҪ־Ϳ˵Ҳֻ֡Ƶ˵֮ƺһ㾴ء
Ƶе㲻ˡ
Ҷˣܴݣ
ʱ˵Ժ֮УͻȻֳһ֣һ
ѵ˵ǸҶˣǸ˵֮еҶʮ٣ǸܼӣǸš֪ˣѹֺȻᱻʥǸϳȥ˵
ʱϿҶ˵񶼿ʼˣƺûǰҶˣȻǴ˵еǸ
ʲô˵˰ɣСƣˣҪ䷹𣿡Ҷ˶ڴҵû⣬ֻʵ
ʱЩ˻ùģѾҶ˵ݣǾû˼ټһˡ
ʱеȣͺֱӵ˵ţҪȥҲˣ
Ҳûʲô飬ҵȻȥҲ˵ûʲôˡ
Ҷ˴һķ羰ߣǰӰ壡
ʲôķ羰ߣˣȺŮǴŻɴģǻûü·
ΪһЩ֪˾ڴС˭ôô
С㣬˰ǡ
ӰĴſڣķ羰ߣеˣҺǿͷǸǼҵĴС㣬Ǿ̻ع
ʱǺĲô֪׻ֻǺ棬ڷߵҶˡ
С㾹Ȼһ̫ˣСվôӵ档
Ҫ֪ͨүˡ
Ϊİ飬Ҷ˵˳ԷûһʱӰҵĳˣүˣ̫ү̫˶ˡ
Сƣ˰ҪúдŶĸҶڷƵıϣͿʼòһˡ
Ӱ壬ƵĻ⣬һֱǵʹΪƵǸֲ޷ӽκεˣǾͲ̸Ŀܡ
ڣǷ֣Ȼкӿôƣƺ񲢲ܣôǲе˷ܣҶ˵񶼱òһˡ
Ҫˡʱĵضߵ˵
˭Ժʵ
ҶˣӲĸŮһˡЦ˵
ĸŮʲô˼


648 ĸ￴Ů2
ûзҶе㲻һ𣿷ƸոҶ˺ӴõʱֶֺһˣʲôӦʵ
ûзӦʲôӦֲǹġ˵
ǷӦٶ۰ˣʲôˣһ򿹾˵ģҪ˵ˣÿȴҶȫû˵ʲô
˵Ҷһ⣡
أ
Ҷ˿һ𣡡
ûҶûйϵֻҪҶһ⣬ǾͻҶ˵Ů˵
ǰɣҶ˿δ޵ġ
ѵܶһ𣿻Уֻδ޶ѣҲʲô


ҶӣʲôˣмңʹҶ˵֮󣬷ĸͺֱӵʵ
裬ʲôһ죬ѾˣԼĸĸΪʲô
ңںҶ˵أ

Ҷ˿ŷĸڴ˵ҼҰϰ裬үү̣һ磬㣬кֵܶýãһ㣬ҵĻһδޣС
ʲô
ŮǶܺ棬еţƺܰԣҪ֪Ҷ˵飬ơ
һŮūһšǸ̬СӣˣǲҪˣûˣôˡ
ͦӵģļҲСһңƸƺһЩ飬ʵ
ҶңҶֱӻشƺҪشҶȻҶˡ
Ҷңŵڼ
ʮ

ƸˣҶҵʮ٣ǽҶ˵ģƺôһû뵽ԼŮȻŹϵΪʲôԼǰ֪
ԭʮ٣Ϊʲô֮ǰûСŮ˵㣬ôʶģƸе㹧÷ĸһ飬ǰ꣬ŷͬѰݡ
үүƺûӰ죬ֻǿҶƣǾҶƺ䣬ʺϣ
Ȼʱ˶ܰԵҪ֪Ҷ˵ôʶģŮǵĶڶŵġ
ôʶģҪСʱ˵
Сʱ򣿷Сʱһ𣿲ܰɣһֱڰ֮ǣû뿪һֱջʳǣ˲żôܻһ
Ǹʱҽ֭Ϻϣͺףʶˡ
Һû˵飬ȻҾͶˣ
֮ǰ˴ԣ˽֭Ƶϣ֭ˣѵ˵㣿
ƺˣԼ飬Ѿʥǵʱ֪ˡ
ǰʱҰѹ֭ɾҾˡ
סڣʡԹȥ˵ɣܹҲͼΣһջʳǣһɽһξʥǣһǵμ棬ʵǲǺ졣̰ѻӹԼ˵ȻĻҶ˵һЩ˵ġ
ţǺ죡Ҷ˵ͷ͵
˭ǣ
еŮʾҲţҶƣ
ΪһЩҶеŮҲͲٻˣǾҶƲһԵġ
Ƶĳ֣ŮĻᶼˣǵһЩѿˡ
ЩŮ˵һ飬ϾҶһͣ뿪֮󣬾пܲٻ
ǽлˣ
ǸǲвҶ˿ŷƵүүͻȻ˵
ʵãе㺹գǷ֪ҶʲôˣһĹȥˡ
ֻǣȻ֪˲֪ԣƵĸĸɫʼˣеڣҶŲӡڱˡ
ҶˣκүүĲ𣿡ʱץҶ˵ʵ

Щˣѵ˵ҶĿӰ̫үʲô𣿿Ƶ˼˼
ҿ˵ָңҶ֣˵
ֻʱӰ̫үƺûֵ˼һʱ֮仹ûи״룬ѵ֮ǰ˵Ļ֮ԣ
үүѵðүү
Ѿͷ˵ʲôѵã̫үǳûа
ʱ򣬷ƶҪˣҪǵҶ˲ģүүĲͲ֪ʲôʱźá
үүҽ֪ΪʲôʥųȻĵλΪǸ˵еԺҽ
ʲô˱ŵؿҶˡ
֪Ҷ˭֪Ҷ˵ݣЩֻеһ㣬ҶԺҽ飬ֻ֪֪ʥôһҽ
˵ƲΪҶĹ죬˵飬Ҳ֪顣
ɡҶҲܴ𾪻ǲ𾪣Ȼ˵ţʾ̫ү


649 ã1
ãõġ̫үеľ˵˼
һᣬҶ˵ͷ
̫үȻе㲻ҶʲôԺҽţòû֮ǰˡ
С⣬ʩһ£ٳԵҩͿԣҶ˵óĽۣǼ򵥣ӰҵЩ˵֮⡣
Ҷˣ˵С⣿үүܾãûŪ𣿡еŵʵүүѾǺܾãѰҽβá
Ҷ˲˵ڻεˣֻСëˣԶβãʵ⣬㵽ʥԺõƾͿԣЩͷҽǺܲģκõġ
εֻСë˵ĲҽҪڿ򣬲ܿǾͼˡŮ֮УͻȻ˵
ѧҽģҶ˿ǸŮһľŮĴ֮һ
ţҵҽѵǴ֮ãŮǫ˵
ͱǫˣ˭֪һСŮҽ񣬲֪ҽһŮЦ˵
ҿλвҶ˹ӣҲ̫ˡŮҡͷ
ҪѧҽҿԽȥԺãͱҵ֣˻ġҶЦ˵һҽֻò߸ϣ
ȥˣֻǲ˵ġŮ۾ʼ֪ҪҶѧҽǲܵģԺòʵʵģҶҲһ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ҽܵģӦûġҶЦЦ
ͱ֣ҪǻðġŮЩʵ
ûµģǻԯģһԯҶЦ˵ˣҸ徻ĵطҸʩ룡ǳͻؼҰɣ·ٻȥ
ʱŮǻΪҶ˺ģǴôƯᱻ˲죬˵û£ǵĵ̣û˸Ҷǡ
ʱҶ˵һ仰ǰлĻ˻Ҷһۡ
ϵģŰɫ·ͷɢһ˵ģôһȺ϶һƬ


ҶӰˣһԺӣӦ̫үסԺӣǱȽľĵطһĵط
ڷƵ˵ע֮£ҶһᣬȻһСС󣬾ˣǿһҩ
̲һСʱ÷Ƶ˶ҶǲУʵ֤ҶԺҽ鴫ģ
̫үܿͷԼˣ֮ǰźܶı仯
ʱ򣬷Ƶļ˿ʼҶ˸мʲôģҶ˾ܾˣ̫ڿˣҶ˲ôϲ
ҪĻǣƾȻҲɹԹŮӣҶˣһĸм
㣬㲻ҪӣҪһӣҿɲҪģҶжԶԶ

ȥڳĬһ֮һַһնѾֵնԣûнߣҲǺΣյġ
Ҷ˶һննĻ⣬ǽȫƣֻؿڣ̾Լˡ
̫ΣˣҪ𣿡
ţ

ȻΣգƺҶ˸еϰһ㣡
Сƣүүľˡ
ҵģƺݺݵؿҶˣһԹӡ
ˣֻǲҪ㣡Ҷе˵
㻹˵ȲСߣСҪңŭҶˡ
ʱҶȫӷƣͻȻת˻⣺ԲСƣҰһõסҪ˯ˡ
ƱһתŪĲϰߣҲܿصסұϣǳҵԺõһط
Ƶһ仰÷Ƶļ˶е˼ˣƾȻԼϵԺӸҶסȷһ㿹ܶûУһе׽ĸо
ǿȥɣҶ˴ߴٵ
֪ˣң߶ˣû˵
Ҷ˱ҪԼûʸ
Ҷˣôûʧ򣬻ҳˣ㲻˵ȫһ·𣿡ǷҪҶ˵ʹ
ҡǰͼסˣȻ·գҵжС
ԭ

Ϊʲôǻڣ
Ҷǰסʱ˼ûߵŮȣĺȹپǸ޵ĺء
ҶˣҪæһˣڡҶ˵һ󣬶ʱ򣬺ȹƺҲһеڴҶˡ


650 ã2
ڣãҶе㲻ˬˣ춼һˣֻҪϢ
ǵģãͷ

Ҷ˳Ĭˣ仰˼û뵽Ȼôɡ
ˣȥҾˣҲûлˡҶǾȥϾҽ߸ĸģΪԼҪϢʹһˡ
вǿ϶һĲ
ҪߣһСõĲҪʱأеżʵ
ûʲôҪҳʱƵģ㶫СúܲġҶ˲˵
Ӧã⡭յҲֻȻĻǾͱʾСõĲΣǺʹġ
ͲܶһΪʲôҪߣȹܲˬ˵
ұͲӦһ顣ҶҲػص
Ҫȥȸ۹𣿡뵽һܣǾǴ֮УҶ˵ʮѮҪ磬ҶһңȻҲҶˡ
ţҹȥԷҶڻش˵粻ǳԷҲûʲôֱ
Ҫȥˣǲܵ顣˵ⲢҶ£ֻмǣĶ̫࣬ǹСΣգҪһ¡
Ҷ˱һǵˣ˼һȥ٣Ȼȸ۹û˵˭֪һεĿľΪҶһңҶԼȸ۹԰۹̬Ⱦͻ仯
Ѿ۹⽻飬ԣⲻ̫
ߣȥĹСáҶ˵
ţѾ׼ˣƣҲҪҶƵ̶ܳȣҶҪȥĻǷҲܻȥ
ţҲȥƵͷ
ȥﰡƨ棡Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
˵ʲôƵֿʼˡ
ʲôû˵£ǻǿ߰ɣ˷ʱ⡣Ҷһתƻ⡣
áõģϡеŹֵĿҶƣе㲻ǵĹϵ
Ҷ˵˳˻ʹ
ڻʹ֮УҶ˵˲֪Ҷ˵飡
˼ǧ˾Ȼһ˷̡ʵյ׻Ϣ֮󣬺⣬˶һе㲻˼顣
֮ǰ˭ΪһεĻǺ췽Ӯʱ˭Ϊֻһ˵Ӯ
Ǻ󣬴Ƕں췽Ӧʮþȵ飬벻ȴһ˸ˣһ˵
Ǿôڵĺ췽ǶԷȫˣѻ䣬ôҲ벻Էֻʣһˣᱻ̡
ûпҶ˵ݣõʲôʵʵյϢҶ˵뽣򵥣ҪŪ
ֻǣĿǰΪֹû˿Ը𰸡
֪˵ݵĻҵǻһˣһʿû˵Ľôһ棬ӦòܡϵĴ󳼻ش
˵ǸҶˣţҲɹֻǿϣҲֻͬͬգϾҶ̫ͨˡʵ۵ͷ
ʲôˣˣҾöҪ£һ¡һ󳼻ش
Ѿ˼ˣȥӰңӰĴСƺеɽΪŻϡʵЦ˵
˭֪Ǻ췽ƵķƣȻҶˣûзú췽εϣ
ӰҵǸС£Ҷ˵ĻǾòȻҪ취ˣһе㼵ʵ˵Ӱƺе϶ӰҿΪе㲻ˬˡ
ͬʱаһջ˵ŮҲУӵŮҲǺջġ
ӰҵǸѾͷҲһ֣ѾҴĽǷ켫ĵزΪŻʶҶˣ֮᲻Źͬʦ˻ɵ
Ҷ˵ĽôƵĽҲǸߵף˲òǵĽŹͬĽʦҪʦʦһҪҪ˶ҪҪ
ֻǣǲ֪Ҷ˸ΪʶҶ֮ý˳ƶΪģ֮ǰҶʤҪõܾõ֡

˵
һϰߵĶԻҲ֪ԻһᷢٴΣÿʵ۶ҪʱشϢкõģлģм򵥵ģмֵġ
ȹǴҶ˽ˣ
ʲôʲôողǻӰ𣿡ʵ۵˶ˣѵ£


651 ã3
ֻ֪֪Ҷ˵ȥСĹ
СĹҪʲôʵ۵˶㲻ˣǵӡ֮У۹СǺٱģһ֪Ĵڡ
һСôȥǱأ
֪ϣҪҪȥһ£
ðɣҾ͹ȥҲԼһ̸ֱ۵СӣǿԻȥϢˣʲôʵվЩȴ֮ҲСĹȥ
Ҳ֪Ȥ֪ǲڲ룬йС飬ʹ۹һССĽɡ
˼С̸۶û̸۹
ϼݵ
ϣ
ʣ
ܿ죬ʵСĹŮվ棬ҪǸҶ˲ڣȻʵûмҶˣ֪ҶһеģԲǰļŮ
ô˵ǴǸҶ˵ʵۿʵ
棡ص
һˣʵʵе³
ţͷ
һ˼ãʵ۳ʵ˶Ĳˡ
Ȼ֪Լ׵ĲˣҲ׸ʲôСãҶϧܵ˺һİദԼĻҲ᲻˵ġ
ǣ̽͵ףΪСÿҲ֪СòϲôߣոСõģСúҲϲţͰҸϳˡ
ϳôܣǸҶ˸ϳȥôԼĽ㣬˵ͨ
£ոԼŮ˵ʲôΪ
˵ʲô˵ǸҶΪСÿҽʦ𣿡ʵʵ
˵Ļʵۻ֣ôҴ˸С֪ͨ˿κõġ
ǣǰŮŮ̫˽ˣȻ̰棬ʲô鶼ǵɵģµʱԲԼжŮҪǿ
ʵʵ֮ڻûо˭Ǽ̳ˣ֮ҡڲöơ
ԣȻСβǾһһİա
ҽʦǴ˵еµһҽͷЦЦֻЦһǿֻڵҶ˵ǲܽСκá
µһҽǲʥǵǸԺҽ˵أû֪ʲôطôô֪ʱ򣬰ʵ۵Ӷˡ
Ҫллƣֻ֪ҶԺҽǵġƣֻǵͷʾⲻÿⲻʲô
ʵڳĬһ֮󣬱ʷƵƣҶ˺Ϥ𣿡
죡ҡҡͷһʵڳûš
ʲôʵ۲ˡ
ˣǲ죬ٱ죡Ц
Ŷʵ˼ҲҶֻ˲Ըϡ
ûа취˵ҶˣΪǵ۹Ч
⣬ƻûü˵ԼܣѾ˵ף뷨ͲҪˣֻҪֺùϵͿԣǿ£˵ˣ
Ƕ£ˣ˭ԣʵе㲻ˣǿǴ½۹֮һǴ½Ķڡ
ҡҡͷ˵˭ԣһˣκ˶޷£ģֻҪֺõĹϵͿԣҪ֮ΪоͿԣ
ô˵ʵ۾ĻȻ˭ܸоġ
ףǸҶˣյǸŮʶûа취㶨ˡ˵Կ϶Լĸһ֪飬֪ĻͲ뷨
ôܣһʿʲôʱˣʵ۳ԾĻɣһҶе㲻顣
Ҳ֪ƣ֪𣿡ơ
ΪʲôңҲ֪ὣһǿʿС˵ҪսǳǺֲܿġƻشԼ֪Ķ˴ңЩʲôġ
սʿ˵Ľһ㶷ûУսʿĻҲǿԽĽΪʲôô˿ʼˡ
ΪƵĻ˶ᣬҶ˵ĽսԲŻ˵ҲŴûм
ҲΪҶҶսĻҲᷢӳôΪǸʱҶʹöȴС
һᣬҶʡȥܶ鷳Ҳʡȥȥ͵Ŀˮ


652 ֢1
ʱһȥҵȴĿʼеż밬ʵۣҪȥҶ˵ͷû
ǣǾԺȥģȹϵϣ
Ϥǵ˿һ֣Ϊǳ򶨣ˣҲһӦ
ֻ˵СеĵλͣǸеż
ʣãʲô
յϢ֮Ҳ˹ҲͰʵһеΣΪʲôͻȻСĹ
˳
˭
Ҷˡ
Ҷ˲ǻشӵĻʱҶǣһСõֳˣСƺܺ´ңҶ˵ֻ¶ͷ͵͵ҡ
Сõ۾ܴģӺܿɰͺһһ̲סһ
Сֻа꣬߿ܸСһ㣡
Сò˵ǸСΪʲôСı֣Ҷ˵˲ĵطĻǰʵ۵ˣ˽С֪С῿İˣǶܿ
Ҷ˲źӴãڿ׽ҶˣһҶ˵ı
ʵ̫˼ˡ
Сãôˣʵ
СҡҡͷҶ˵ץҶ˵½ǡ
Ҷ˹ӣ֪СŮʲô⣿ʵֱҶ˵
Ҷü˵ûκε⣡
Ĭˣѵ˵
еҽʦ˵ģҶ˹ӣ֪֪СŮѾˡʵЩʧҶҲһûа취顣
֪ˣѾʮˡҶƽ˵

ƵŮУǶ񲻿ܣСֻ߰ӣôʮꡣ
Ҫ˵ǳԾʱҶ˵֪ʱҲܳԾǰСʮ꣬ѵ٪壿
ǣҶ˿ʼΪС壬ԽǼ飬ԽͷʹСȻʲôⶼûС
ҶˣѵҲûа취ôѵҪСһֱȥȥ˶ҡе⣬ΪԼʹ
С֮ԳΪɣԭˣһЩ֪СˣСӦѾʵȴһСӵӡ
ôҲνҪСԼ⣬ԸҲһֱھ͸¼ˡ
ڣƺһԱΪԼԱ
Ҫټ۲ſԣͷ۵ľʲôëûУֹͣߣûзȫһĺӣֲ˵һֲ֢
Ҷ˼˵ĺôǣԶϣǣԶӣ󣡣
֢˵Ҫǳ֮ǵʱ򲻴૵
Ҷ˹ӣȻ֪֢ǲа취ƣʵʵ
ֻ˵ҴûмҲûƹܿ죬ûκ쳣ĵطҲûвơҪʱϸ۲죬ֻûʱ䣬һҪȥȸ۹пټɣֲӰȱ˶һЩͯ꣬СãҪ뿪һ㡭ҶССԴȻʵѾʮˣ˶һִҶˡ
Ҷ˵ĻҲˣҪһ㣬˲û̫Ӱ죬һЩ˵һֵĽ顣
ʲôʱпգʵʵɲСʲô£Ҫ⡣
ʱ䣬ǿȥҶңڽȸ۹֮һһʱ䣬ܳʱ䣡Ҷ˵
ҶҪ׼ҶһЩ飬Ҫһ飬ҪһطһƷǾ˺䶯ɹ
ҲҶ֮ռЩԭҪһĿ
õģҾСŮȥҶǵ㣬ҶҲҿġ۹ͷС뿪Ҳһ£Ҳû֪飬ֻᵱһСӡ
ԣһ֪ͨչģҶ˵ͷˣ͵ΪֹˣһȥϢˣҪ뿪ˡλˣ
һ㶣ƺûҶ˻ôɴĸ𣬶Ҷ뿪ʱ䣬Ҳ̫һ㡣
ڴһûзӦʱҶ˾׼ˣֻǣƺԸ뿪
СãԹԵģˣҪȥˣҶ˶СЦ˵
磬ҿɲԸ㣿Сʵ
Сðʵ۵˶ԾСû뵽СҶ˽ӴһᣬȻҶ˲һ


653 ֢2
ңҶһ㶡
۾һеԣǸ㣬Ҳȥȸ۹٣ûʲôΣգ͸ɴãҲ۲
ãҶ˿ɲ鷳һСŮǲǺͷۡ
ǰãȻ֪Ҷ˵Ļһʲôûǽ˵

ˣСãҪ磬ˣץܴҲҶʲôԼСòҶˣҶ˲ܾһɰСá
ʵЦЦƺҲͬȻҶֻǵһˣȥСҶǲΣգҶ˵Ųᡣ
˴ȥȸ۹Ҷ˵ݶѾˣû˸Ҷôȫĺܣ
СãģǲҪǣſ֣͸ǳԡҶʱóһǹѾҪװʲôռָȻҲˡ
ιιСѾʮˣ㻹ΪСǹ
ãȻõģʱһЩԸСûзԣ黹һȽͯģϲǹĵġ
ǣҲſ磬磬ܸܲǡСһ˫ɰĴ۾Ҷˡ
ҿ㣡Ҷ˾ԼջһֱӰǵݸССһֻǣһֻֽץҶ˵·
СðҺ㲻Ǻ찡ǱĽ㣬İְ֣㻹ǵǱ߰ɡҶ˿СٴͼС˦
ʵҶ˵ĻҲǺܶ㲻ģ˵СӦҶ˵ģǲżһѡ
ϲ磡Сڴ밬ʵۣǼҡͷ˴ȵס
УǾȻһ治һСʱˡ
ΪʲôѵΪҳ˧𣿡Ҷе޹غ仰һøķֱ鴤ô޳ܵ
糤˧ϲԭϲϵϢСܵ˵
Ҷ˳Ĭˡ
˵ϢĻҶʵû˵Ҳ֪ĳңһȻϢһЩ˾ú׽
߹ϲҶϵϢһЩˣ˵뾫İ£ŶϲҶˣΪ屾ϲȻ塣
Ҷ˵ϣȷһصϢֻƺϲɣ˶е㲻ס
ʵϢͺأЩ˾ϲ˵Щ˾͸о߸оôǿҡ
ΨһԿ϶ǣϲȻϢˣΪһϲȻ鴿ˡ
ˣҾʹ㣬Ҳϣ׼һУŮҪ׼ãɹκãҪǮ㲻Ǻ죬ңҾʮҡҶ˺ǵ˵
˶Ĭˡ
ʮңôȥû
ãҵĹأԲأҲβҶ˵ѾشܶˣѾᳵݡ

Ϊʲô㲻շƵ𣿡ĵʵ
һǿ飬ҪټһӼۡҶ˲˵

òҲ˵˶Ҷ˵ĹְֺޣΪҶȫ飬пңûǮǮǮգԽǮյľԽ࣡иȥ˰ң
Ҷ˻صģὫ˱Ƶ·һ㲻ᳬһɣǸ߰ҵҲùҪҶ˶ײҶ˵Ǯ׼
ȻҶӮˣΪ£ûô߳ҽ
ˣ˵ˣκСŮĲʱʮƽ͵ҶҡʵҲ˵ʲôˣֱӦҪ
ߣҶһۣƺܲӡ
Ҷ˹ɴסСŮ˼Ӧ˦ġʵּ˵ҶСϵ㣬Цˡ
ҲԣһƣҲ£Ҷ˵ͷ˵
£ΪʲôҪʲôһ죬ȻҶˣһ䱸ӣȻ뵽һȥˡ
ҶûעƵı飬ֻ˵ҲǴӦ㽣ȻֻʣһϣҲˣһ㽣Ϳԡ
ŶƲŷƺôһĪʧ䡣
ʧʲôѵҪʲô飿ޣƣһŮɲҪЩ߰ġ
ܲأЦʵ
ԣǿˣûôʱˡҶ˺ֱӵؾܾ˿뿪ɲЩš
Ǿ͸ˣ
ҶҶ˸˶ȥˣֻҶƣһС


654 ֢3
Сƣһ½Ҷ˵˵ȻγеĽͬʱҲСԶš
СܿģܵϿš
ҿǺģҪСģ˵žͺܸɴİνУʵлѵҶˣĻôܴ
ֻǣܿ췢֣ԼѵˣǱ˼ҽѵ
Ǹʱ򣬷ƷһȻ˵ǿҲǺǿһУʱԺӣлûгһʱͷҶ˵Ľ߷Χһ㵽ʺţͣҲͣ
֪ոҶͣ½ԼѾˣ
ܣ
Ʋţǿʼǿʽʵȫӳ֣ԼôҶ˵ĽҪʱҪ
⣬ôܣѵѾ켶֣
УĽΪʲôܹҵĽУÿһζܹƣץסҵ
ƿҶˣһţ
ҵĽֻҪ־ͿԽͣһǿ죬򣡡Ҷ˵˵ˣ㲻ҪҵĽУֻҪҵĽ⣬סʽģ
Ҷ˾ͿʼĽ裬ױȵĽ裡

ƴסˣһʼĽԻ󣬵ܿ죬Ҷ˵ĻʼȥҶ˵⾳
һվţͺںһһ㣬ƺѾһЩʲô
ԴˣҶ˸̾ƹȻһţô򵽶ˣ۽ɨһ˵ʱһ
СȻҲ򵽶ֻСڶƵĲͬСҲҶһ趯ССصĹɶš
Сƺ̬һ㣬ʧȥһͻ˵õʲô
ҲԺ󽫻һʧɫŮͣ

һҹ¼ļ˶̾ϢֻΪǵõ֪Ϣ֪ˣҶԭǸ˵еҶˡ
ǺǺڣΪʲôҶˣּ֣Ϳˣ
ȫǵ˵õҶһ˽췽⵹ʱǾеˣ˾Բǳ֮ǹ¼ãǹ¼Ϳ绢ˡ
ȻԼûУе㿴ˣ
Ǿ͸ӵĺڣǾԼЩ˸Ҷ˻Ӱ죬Ҷ˸ùϵĻԼļܸһ¥
ڣǿ϶ԺӰҪѹǹ¼壬ֻΪӰҵĴС㾹ȻҶŲĹϵ˼ҶǵӰ컹һԽȥ
УСĲκˣĲ˵ӰһܵνΪӰĹϵܽҶΪСβ
ûƾӰСҶ˵ĹϵҲӰһ㣡
˵Ҷ˻ҪӰҵǸС㽣˻ỳҶ˻᲻ὣȴỳɣΪҶǼչʾ
ӰҵĴС㱾Ѿӽ켶ˣپһĻǻҪҪ˻
ҺãҶ˹ϵҲ̫ǴСӴзչǱ
Ӧһοɣ
ӦǵͷģȴԼЩ˸ˣ˵һܼӣװʲô
µĽѵ¼岻پƽã̰˵Ҳһ£ǵõܶģҲõһЩ˵ӵ
ôȲӰ壡

ڶ죬Ҷ׼ˣ۹Ϊ׼֮ʱе㱻ˣ
ҿõ𣿡
ҪģǱģһߵЦ˵
ˣǾҪǾҪˣֻҪʮ֮ǰϵȸǾͿԣҶ˴С
ģǿ϶Եģ˵
ƣʲôģԹҶңټˡҶƵ
֪ˣҿţ᲻һ·Сġƺܲм˵ȻҶ˵ȥ
ڴʱҲˣҶƺûǵ
ģʥкˣƺע⵽ȵʧ䣬ЦŰο
ƣʲôѧ𣿡ͻȻ˵
ƺˣԭʧҶûн
ԣֻǽѣǽЦЦЩ˽Ҫ̣ͽˡ

ٺ٣ܣҸ͵ɲҪ̫ԾˣҶߺ󣬰ʵЦ˵ƺһСı

硭̫˵ȸʵ۴˸硣
ôˣǲ̫ˣ̫ϵʵ
ûУ˭Ұɣո˵ˣġ
ʵôνҪ˵롣ûҶС쵰Ϣ̫ĵ˵
СӲ֪ڱ߾ûյ뾳ϢѾʮˣѵĲ𣿡




655 1
ʮ£ȸ۹ǡ
ڳĵĳһһƵĽȺƿɱȻʹףƺǻʹеĳһ
ùùסô
һ˿һŮʵܸܵõĹУܿóܹʵˡ
ʹ֮УܽŮֻһǾֱģҲֻˣ˾֮һĻ̫
ǶܺãӦе࡭Ҳ֪ǵݾûߵĹϵҲһǴҵĽ㡣ش
ѾԼأԣԼլԺһҶ˾סլԺ֮С
˵ǰȥջʳǶסҶլˣȻסĵط
ʵҲΪ˾ܾ̫룬֮ǰ̫סȸĻʹ֮УҶ򸾾ƺе㲻ףԾ;ܾˡ
ǻԼҸطûⷽ棬ǸʱҲǣ˳µǵլԺ
ԴˣҶҲþܾʲôӦ
Ǵӵһʱ̫ȸʵۣڶûмԣ̫Ҫ֪ʲôҲֻȥѯ
ӦǱⲻ˵ģǶͨˡ̫ЦЦ飬ҲѾϵˡ
ʵʱҶҼҪ£Ķƾ̬ȣҶ˵ڣ˶ҪҶҡ
ûа취£ҶԼһҲҪиϺõƹϵֻһ˵ҶҶûиĻᣬЩȸ۹ĹԱ壬Ȼȥǡ
ңЩ˶Ҳ֪ݣȻҪӵıԼѺ̬ȡ
ǰĻǻҪһ»̫˵̬ȣϾ̫֮Ĺϵûж˿Ըǻ˼ɡ
Ȼһǲ֪ô£Կ϶һ飬Ǿǻ̫ҪҪһõĹϵȻҪһ¡
̫ʲôϲǻźܶ˻ᰵлֱʾãϾҶеҲǶһġ
æҲǰǣǵǺɣ档ЦЦش
˵ˣӦøøĿڽйùˣôа̣̫΢΢üƺе㲻˵ӡ
һʱϰߡƤСͷеСŮӣı飬ԼǰҲǺı֡
ǰĳƺʵ˼뱻ùãҪѱ˲ļʽ֮⣬һҪԭǾе㲻ȥԼֶŮҲ˵ȸ۹ϵ
ƺܶʱǿʹõģҲֻһòĳƺϵҪ˵
ûȤһ£̫󵭵ʵ
ǺôϲʹǲϲеĻʹǶôϲΪǼµĹϵҡҡͷ˼˵
̫Ĭһᣬ˵ʲô
Ǽ£λ飬һεŲ׵Ļ⣬߹²õӰ졣
̫ƺ֪߹ϲʹΪͲôϲȨĵطСͲϲʹֻΪĹϵòס档
¼׵ʹĵطϵĳַ˵Ҳһ飡
ȻǲϲǾͲҪǿˣҿԼȥ̫ЦЦɲְճˣԼҪõġ
ţԼȥģùǲûз˼ͷҲ֪̫£ҪǣҶ˾լԺһʱ䣬̫ȥǰ֮
Һһȥˣʲô˵Ϊ˺밲ɲôТġ̫Цʵ
ɲΪôԼ밲صģ϶ʲô飬ôТģôˣҲôһΡ
Ȼ̫Ҳ֪æʲôҲΪԼ磬оǰԼˡ
аҿǺТĵġС죬е㲻˵
˵ɣʲôģֲ˵ʲô̫Цŵ۾ű簮֮⡣
Ǹ׽ҹģ˵ʲô۹иҪҹȥӭһ£˵ҵݺʡ˵
ݺʣڻʹĹֻһݻһ㣬ѵ˵۹Ĺ٣߸̫΢΢ü


656 2
ȻֻǼ򵥵˵һ£̫ҲܴмһЩ飬˵˰۹Ĺ顣
۹ĳӽ֮󣬾Ϣˣһа۹ʽļ˵ǹǴŰ۹Ļʵ١
磬д˵ľҲйӳ֣󲿷ֶ߹
ΰ۹̫󶼾Ҳһֻڿƺе㲻һˡ
ǹĻǾͲ½֪ȻǹȴһҵʵȨɣȸ۹λ̳֮һ
ȥӭһĹȻǰ۹ģƺҲûҪ̫˵ģʹ֮лĹͬҲǵ۹Ĺʧˡ
ʵϣʵҲҪȥӭӣܶ඼ǹԱȥӭӣֻΪ˱ʾ˵ӣŻùȥӭӣ˳㻹һµ۹֮ꡣ
ǵģ˵ΰ۹Ŀе㲻һ˵ĹеرǺúдϢȷеر𣬺һСУ۹˵λܵĻҪǽݡ
ѵģ̫е˵˵֮ҡͷ˵ӦòᣬҪĹҲ̫Сˡ
ҲǲܣϾǶǵҵġеΣЦһ£ܿͻָͺոյûһ
ţЦν˵ˮڣʲôĿģҶȥǣ˳̽һ£
ţȥҷģҾȥļ˾ˡ̫ͷ˵ģеĻӹ֮Уĵľ
˾ӣ׵˭ܿóôġ
ˣǵĳҪŵܲȥǡĸؼҡŻֱ̫ۣȻһǰ˾ӡ

ĸס
ҶǸʱںȲ죬СڵӣҲӦκεˡ
ֻ̫ĵ˲òȥӭӡ
ǵӹúܲСɤҲ̫Цŵͷ質ļŮ֮УעĪǸ쳪Ů
쳪ŮȻе޵òʲôˣȸ۹Ļ̫Ůֹǧ٣þޣǾͿ˵Ůܲ
лл̫佱ģȥˡŮ˵ȻòԵ˳
ʱţԼЩǺܲʶȤΪ
˭ƺǵ۹ģ̫ǼŮȥһ䣬ֻ˳ڣǷ֪𰸲ν
ǺһģҶ˵ˡҶش
Ҷ˵ˣ̫е⣬û뵽𰸻ôֻƺеˡ
ţС쵰ˣ֣ǱǷ绨ѩ¥ˣС쵰ͶҶǣڰҶС쵰ӪһҲ¥廰͵
ҶǵĲ¥ѵ˵ǾǼҶȴûֵĲ¥̫ʵ
¥̫ҶǾ˵һֱûȥڣҶ˵¥Ѿʼ¡
ֻǣҶ֪ôһ¥ȴ֪¥ʲô֣Ϊ¥ûֵģ
ҶǸʱ¥ȴûȡһֲҪͽв¥У¥ûˡ
ǵģͷС쵰ôԺģҲ𣬱Ҳ𣬵ڻǽв¥Ҷ˵¥Ҷָ֪Ǽҡ
ҿԺȻôš̫Щε˵

Ĭˣ˵֪ҶǴĳٶۣΪԼǣȻúߵĿҪܶࡣ
ΪĸףȻԼĶܹԼһΪԼǣ
ˣûյϢ̫ʵҪ֪ееҪ֪
ûУҲ֪ȥʲôط·ˡҡҡͷеΣ¶һֺЦݡ
ܲҿǵҺٵġ̫ʵЦݣʵҲ𰸣һνֻҪҶ˿ĵģҶ˻᲻·᲻
ĸףһ֮£̣Էݡ
Ҳ֪С쵰ǻᵽģ˵ĻûʳԹ˵
ͺãֻҪͺˣ̫ͷƺûз仰û˵꣬ĻҪ˵ȥ


657 3
ֻʱʲô˵׼ˡ
̫Ĭ
ҲʱѾˣҲҪһزŵ

ĸģ磬˾ųܵ


ڲڣ̫ηҶ⣬ȥԼŮҶꡣ
С߳ȥˣҲвס֪ܣһ𲻻¡شе簮Цݡ
ǲ£ΪԼͿ԰ƽʱ򲹳ν£ʵǺܶġ

סĻϰ𣿡̫ͻȻʵ
ԡһ£ȻŻػش
ϰ߾ͺá̫˵
е㲻ϰߣץҶ֣еŵζ

ʱվͱеˣҶ֪˵ʲôźãĸŮ֮䲢ûиңʱҲò廰˵Щʲô
ֻضɹһʱ䣡
ǼԴƺҲеϰˡ
Ҷ쿴죬ɴó̫ȴԼĬ
ֻǣ˺ܾ֮Ժӻûκεͺûκһ㡣
˶ϰ嵽ڶûҵĽĿҪ޸ģ˼һΪǶˡ
ʱ֮ǰǸ쳪Ů˽˫üеԹ˵ţô˶ʼע⵽
ڵͻƿڣ
ԣŮʱҪ˵ʱ򣬾ͱ̫
ȲҪߣСĸܲ˭ġ̫ҪҸ⣬ҪʵģȴʱҪʵġ
ػ̫ϰ̵ģŮʵش
ϰ̵ģ˵ϰ˭̫󲻽ʵڳˣƺֻһ˲֪Ůеϰ˭Ҳٲµһ㣬ֻҪȷһ¶ѡ
ϰҶүǵϰ塣Ůص
绨ѩ¥ˣҶһĳƺǾϰ壬һֱΪģõĳƺ
С쵰̫ЦЦ˵ʲôĿԵĻҰ㿴
㲻ܿŮеε˵
ΪʲôҲ̫ܿеˣǵ۹Ļ̫󣬰˿ѾЩ˵ң벻ھȻ˾ܾˡ
ĸףڳľֻ㲻ܿеŹֵ˵֮˵ҲΪǸŮ
Ϊʲô̫ˡ
ΪĿΪ׼ģΪǸһĿΪ١ش
һ£̫ˣȻǸԼģǾһҪأȻо޵ĸо
ԭˣҵȷʣǺǡ̫ЦСʲô֣
̣ŮصûôҪĳϣȻҪͷƳġ
̣֣ǲ¥ġ̫ԼҶǵʱƺ̵֣ҲƺҶŲѰĹϵ
ȻºҲ֪νĲѰϵֻǱҥģ˲û飬ϵϰԱĹϵ
Ҫ˵һĻϰԱ֮Ĺϵܲ
̫Цˣ̵Ȼ
Сվǳ֮ҶС쵰۹⡣̫Цʼ̵̬ȶǺܵȻ֪ԼݣҲһ̹Ȼ֮
ݵȻҲԿó̵һЩǱ
ţϰ۹⣬ҲܻƭˣǶƭˣԼȴˣߣе㲻ˬ˵ǿɰı飬һ飬ѾڵվŵĶЩʲôˣֻԹҶˡ
ǺǣãȺСûʲôءЦ˵⻰ƺǰбˣҲƺںͻ̫˵ЩС飬ǾͲҪˡ
ˣһȸˣȥصĶøһ¡СͷȻˡ
Ȼֻһƽ񣬵Ըְҵκ˶һûʲôر˼ɵġ
ҲΪܵҶ˵Ӱ졭
̺ܲϧеȻΪӿǿǡ̫еϧ˵
Ȼ̫ҲǺܿÿݵĲ컹ֹˣϲϲЩ黹ǲܡ
ֻҪԼϲǲҶС쵰Ҳ⣬ûȻа̫̾Ͼǻ̫ǲһġ


658 ֣ⷢ1
ǰǰܵԺģŲЩܺؤһǸʱѧ˼ȥ֡廰뵽Сʱһ顣

ҪȥӰ۹ĹˣʱҲˣģڿһ֮󣬱飬Ȼ뿪³Ĭеˡ
Ӱɣ̫ˣҪҶھͺˣһԸı
˵ҲѹĸҪҶԭԵù֮ϵˡ
ô˵ڵǲ뿴кǰţǰӵĳš
Ȼ˵ڰ۹Ķ·Ǳֱģ϶ǴӶŽģǴ·λá
ݶԷϢҲǴӶŽ
ʹűϾһÿͣǵһһҪ֪ͨˣȻͻɲҪ鷳
㣬Ҫȥ
ȥ򶫳ŵ·ϣһĶУʱͣס˽Ų
ꣿ
Ҷ߹һ̯ǰ棬ԷּۻۣС㿴ڵ˼ˣǮĲˣС̯ǰ٩ۡ
⣬֪𰸵ģΪʹʹҶˣǵǮ꣬ںôһСǮʲô
ҶĻشǣǮ٩ʲôϵģǾҪʵļ۸õĶŮ˵ŵ㣬ּۻ۵Ů˻һŮˡ
Դ˺Ƿԣ˭˵ģһȥѵ
ҶĻشǣǵܵ˵ġ

Ҫȥһ°۹ĹȤһ𣿡ʵ
ûȤҶܸɴػؾûʲôȤʲôӵĻпȥ
֪ûȤİɣʱ仹ءЦ˵
ûȤˣҶֱӵ˵

ˡ
ĲȥԺٴ̽ʲôϵƵؼǰţƺеӦ顣
ҲֻһѣܿͰ̬
Լ̫ˣ˶ӦúûкԼһҶ꣡
Ϊ˭Ҳû뵽ĳ˾Ȼͻ֮С
ôҲڣ
ŵʱͻȻмڰмӣʶеһˣҲ⼸ʲôݡ
ǣ㰵ǼϵҪ֪ʲô飬ЩڣǾпܻ鷢
Ѫֵĵطʲô鷢
û⼸˾ѪˣʶˣˣѪ壡
ƺ̫ˣʵѪֵĵطһᷢʲô飬Ѫ˴֮⣬ҪԤķ
ǣֻӹˣмʲôΣյѪ䵭ػص
ԭǼȡػش𣬶Ļû˵꣬ѪѾشϡ
Ȱ۹ˣϢ֪ˣǾǾе֣Ҳ˳ǡ
һ·Ϲǻûв𣿡ʵѪ֪ǺģֻǶҪڸ͸оеˡ
ˣûʲôر⣬ҲãԲǶúܽҲֻ˳㸴һ£Ѫش
ÿʱѪ鶼ûŻ飬ͬʱǻڵǵʱٲһ顣
ûͺãҪСΪȻ˵֮ûͻ֮Ĳޡ˵
ǣϢƣڳ֮УֻһСǺģΨһһ깫ӣҲ֪ʲôݣҶֻǽӣСϲǰ۹Ȩ󡣡Ѫ˵
ǻûв𣿡ʵ
ûʲôʱȥ飬ֲӦò̫⣬ǲȻȫޣֻһģĹһѪش
ʱѪ嶼ˣ˵Ѫ֮е˻ȫ̫Ϊ㣬ԽԽ࣬ȫ֯Ȼæת
ûи֣Ǿʲô⣬Ҳǿ¡֣һεʲôģ۹˼񲢲ô򵥵ġԴеԻˡ
ûиֵĶ飬˵ȫϣʲôĿģǶ
֪һΰ۹˼ʵܼ򵥣ֻΪˣˣȸ۹ȸ˽Žš
ţȳӵ֮Ǿ֪ˡ


659 ֣ⷢ2
ǵˣ
һƺƵĳӳڶʱ֪Լĵȴͷˣ붫ŵĳӲ࣬ģֻҪȴİ۹ӡ
ͬʱĲǰ۹ģ԰ٷְٿ϶ǰ۹ġ
ʣǰ۹Сһ𣿡
ڿǣҪȷһ£һܶ࣬Ҫȷźá
ǵģǡ֮УһͬԱʵ
ȸصӭС¡
ѵ˵
𣿾ȻͷӭӣҵܳǹԱ˵֮ƺһŵ˼
ȻλԱҲ˵˵ȸ۹ʵȨɹմȨͨĹܱȣȻӭԼˣе⡣
ԱӦһɺϣΪԷûˣֻǿʹһ£Լʲôֵñ˹עġ
СܣͲţ˶֪κ٣ԼҲ֪һСĴڡ
ѵ˵СŲһĵط
ܣСӣǸصĹӡ
صĹӣѵ˵ǻԣĻͲ᲻˵С
УֻС֪Ҷ˵ݣҲһֻ֪֪С磬˽ӡ
˵ݲҪʣֻԼˣ
ʵ۲û֪Ҷ˵ݣ֪ĻҲһЩҪ鷳֪˶ҲûκεĺôԸɴ˼
ҲΪ˶֪Ҷڰ۹ڰ֮ǣ
˵Ϣ֪ĻѪͻ²⣬²Ҷ˾ͻ֮УͬʱҲҶ˵עڵ۹Ϸֻע
ӦģĽ棡ʣСڳ𣿡˵
ǵģԱش
ܲҺȷһ¡˵
ԡԱе㺹յ˵
ԣеĪˣоУоͲУʲôԡ
¡ԱǺţź
㣬ʲô飿Сӵ
£ܲܳһ£ȸԱʵ
˯ʲôͺ˵һ¡СܾˣǹԱĵģ֪Сһ˵ĻǾԲǸعš
Сһ·ϣȫǸعӣûعӣԲˣ

˼ǵСԸ¼İˣĹˣٽСһ㡣Աе㲻˼˵
üе㲻ˬˣΪǰĹԱڷԼСװߵԼ
Ҳѹ룬Ȼ۹СǾһһô¼İˡ
ͬʱ˯һ
ʱȻ֪СҶģٵģιϵҲ֪
ͬʱҶˣ˵֪ҶˣҲͲʲôΪҶôжвѵˣǺѺѣһֻܵȡ
ʱ򣬵˶֪ôʱһˣһŮͻȻ׼ƴ롣
Ůֵ̫ͻȻͬʱҲͨ˿ԱģҲֹοⰬ۹ĳ֮УûһǸ֡
Ů˭Ҫʲô
ʱ򣬼˵֮иֳ⣬Ǵ󲿷ֶãŮһҪʲôõ飬ҪİͿ֮ķ
ȴôģΪ֪Ů˭֪ŮԲ飬Ҳһ֪ŮΪʲôΪΪʲôô
Ů˭
Ѫ壿һҪûУֻΪ֪ѪʲôԼӦ⡣
Ҳ˵ҪװʶѪ壡
Ҫʲôˣд̿ͣ
ĹԱ̺ʱЩͽΧסȻ˵֮вûи֣Ҳһѵء
ϣҪǵĿ£
Ҳһʿ嵽ǰ棬ڱС˲йأͬʱҲҪ֪Ѫʲô
λҪʲôʲôǿ㲻ҪǹԱǹٷ˵


660 ֣ⷢ3
Ѫû˵ֻһȭĴŻƣԲ˼ĽǶȽС

С
һŮ𣬶˾ͱøӽˣǹԱɲԼϳ顣
ҺѾȸǣҲʲô飬ҲӦȸ۹еԼοһ㡣
ֻǣһҲҪΣûеĻǾûУ
ѪʲôѵѪҪɱСѡʱԼӭӣǱ˾Ͳỳɵȸġ
ֻǣбҪСʲôˣ
ҡû¡λ㣬ʲô磡
С洫úܶ˶һ˵ѪȥΪСģͬʱҾɻˣôŮȥСĸ硣
磿ѪɻؿǰСٿ˯֮еĳˣе㲻ϵˡ
ţСͷ
ǣѪüֱѡ뿪ΪҪȷѾȷˣû뵽ĳˡ
ȻĻһҲͿԽˣԼͲӦȻ¾ͻעʱԼĴھͻᱻ˲
ͬʱѪ֪˯еĳˣ϶һʱѵģͬʱԼҲĳϣҲҪл档
Ѫ뿪ʱ򣬻˳һ˯֮еĳˣһźܺݣֱӲĳ˵ϣ
˯
˼ҸˣˣѪ˵һ仰ȻԾȺʧˡ
ЩҪѪʵˣûκεĻᣬֻܴվԭأ

ԱеԻʲôܿͷԻиҪҪֻΪŵغС£û°ɣ
ҡû£ոǸ˭Сʵ֮ƺһߣΪոѪһš
ȻСûôѧ似ôԵ飬ǿõġ
Ҳ֪Īĳ֣ĪˣԱյڶе㲻塣
Ѫڸʲô
ҲĪѪ⳪һոѪߵʱƺİ취֪ͨ
Ǹˣˣ
˭ҪʣֻѪûиᣬãѪʧ֮һ취Ҳʱڸ
ǰҪ֪ʵףڳѾѪˣװĹȥ鿴һ˲Ϳԡ

ڣ˯ĳˣǴŽӡƤһеĴˣеɻһ̽⿪ˡ
ֻǣµɻˣΪʲô
С쵰ѹ
һһ˯֮еĳˣΪ˶סˣǶףΪʲôҲеĪˡ
ǱϵСе㺦µؿֻǣ¹麦£ĳ˵ǰ棬ƺе˺ĳ˵˼
ʱнĵĳˣֻץץӣȻһ˵㣬ˣһ˯һᡭ
һ˯

˯֪˯ˣ׼һ˵ʱ򣬾ͽ˯֮еĳ˸
ô£Ϊʲôᱧһʲôݣһйϵġ
ݣҪΪˣܱڱŵˣǻͨϵ仹һеġ
㣬Ҫ߸𣿡Сʵ
ǣͷ
ƺ̫ðɣǵˡԱе˵
ǿݣС⽻ûƣ鿴ռ
ǵˣѵ֪𣿡Ա뵽ǰһǲ֪ȻĻͲ˵ոյĻ
ʲôݣҲ֪û˵ֻǻԱе㺹գ˵飬ȷǲ֪
Ȼ֪ǾãҲҪ˵ʲôһᰲ˴ȥǵסѾǰźˣҾʹˣЦЦǺ˵·ǰ˵ʲôиı䡣
û˭˵ʲô˭ʲôľıġ
㣬ҪŸ硣Сĳ˵䡣
Сǰ۹Ĺǲ㡣Ц˵
ǵģҪŸ磬ǣ޹صģ绹ҪβġСҡҡͷûзſ


661 ط꣨1
еԺˣе㲻С˵ʲô˼ʲôǣѵ˵ΪҪС쵰
ܿ죬͵õ˴𰸣
ǣСֻ֮ҪŹӾͿԣǲҪܣУ˵ǻؾԼȥҲùС˼СŹӡ
𣿡Сƺһ㲻ĵط
ţ˵ҪҸţ֮ҪȥҶǡСͷ㣬ҪŸġ
Ǻðɣȸǣģѹ˵ͷȻˣǾʹСʱĻǵʱ˵ˡ
Ѿˣ
ãǻظ
һȺɻ֮뿪ˣЩ˻ǲ֪ŵ˭֪⵽ʲô
˵һͷˮ
أٺ٣ҲǣǾǺȥˡ·ոҶĵطѾҲˣҲͲȥѰֱӻؼˡ
ţҶ֪ĻһԼûԼ˺ȥ
ԼҲû뵽ȥӰ۹Ĺû뵽ȻС쵰֪ʲôʱܵ۹ǱߣմһôɰС
ʱĳѾҪ˵˭ˣ˭֪Ҷˣһʧ̬ˡ
ûУ
ڰ˵ʱ򣬴ͻȻһϵãѪȻߡ
ûѣҲ֪˯ûа취˽ѡش
ŶǾ͵˵Ѫ
Ѫܸɴ࣬ȻҶ˯ˣǾ͸ɴѹ˵ˡ
Ѫ壬ոô֪棿˵
иѪСҵĿԽϵҲԸӦģոշиӦҾͳȥѪƽ˵
ֻǣƽ֮£ܸоѪҶ˵ĹģȻ˵ѪڼҶûµʱ򣬻Ҷ˵һ£йԼĲ
ԭͷѪĶ֣ͬʱҶӵⶫҲ֣ô˵Ҷ˶ǹѪԱ
Ҷ˻֪ȴҶǹѪһΪѪʱʵ۱ֲֻùͰҶ˸Ƴˡ
Ѫһ򵥵˵һģûκεʵȨҶлûУһģ
֪ĸڲڣǸòǻĬϷɡص˾ӣаֻԼ뷨еаˣôܻڣԼȥôʱˡ
ǣеǣ뷨ʵ
ĸùãôĬԺ֮УҶڻ̫ǰ棬滹һЩˣ緹ġ
ƺˣһǻ̫ųԷ壬һᣬ緹ƺڻûгꡣ
Ļ˾Ӧʰˣţ
ʲôʲôĬȵȣ㱧ŵ˭ողȥӰ۹Ĺôһкӻ̫ԹʲôʱͷеҶˡ
ʱ򣬻̫󿴲Ҷ˵ӣֻжϳһк
ˣкȻһкŰû˵˭һѶûС
˿ҪˣҰǱˣʲôƤЦҽҶ˱ø޷Ҷ˵ò
ʲôҪģѵ˵ˣȷҪġ̫Ц˵ҲԱȽϸߣϾĺҪˣ뿴Ϊҵ鶼ˡ
ȥȥĸԲҪϹ˵С쵰ôҵˣҵ˿Ǳ˧һ㣬һ㣬ҲҪһ㡣Сƨȫʸ񣡣û˵
˭̫һɻʵ
죬ǡ
Ǻ񣬾ǣ
Ҷ˶һۣԷеĴ벻˼飬ǶѾȷŵ˾ҶˣϾĸģһʱϲҲܿϳ
ֻǣǾе죬ôҶ˻ᱻ
С쵰ҵģôУ㲻ȥӰ۹𣿡ߣ˯֮еҶˡ


662 ط꣨2
ɣڰ۹λСеܵΪ硭Ц˵
ŶҰɣ㱧ŲãӦȻҶ˱˹Ȼ˵еģҲûа취ܾ
㶼𣿡̫󿴵֮󣬾;ˣҶ˳ֵʱ̫ˣһ˼СֵĹϵһжҪ͡
ڣͺûзʲôƵģӹҶˣ䱧ڻоͲˡ
ʲôֵģСʲôڻص
ûǰѰ۹ˣҲ֡ҶЦ˵ȻĻԼҲţֻǣ˵Ҷ˵ĻҲˡ
̫ĬˣƺûҶеӡġ
ùãûа취Χ߿Ҷ˵
ѣǡˣ㻹˵˵ôҵġʵȻ飬һҪ֪顣
˵Ҳһɺϡ
Ϳʼ˵飬򵥵˵һ飬ֻǰѪˣֻ˵Ѫġ
Ѫ飬˵Ҫȸ۹ݣҶӣԽӴ档
ֻѪԱ֪˭Ͳ˵ˣҶ˶ףһ۹ԼܣǲҪ֪̫̫ϸ
ԭС˯һô󶯾ѡСʲôҪСƵģŰСе֣ôǰСŮʲô⡣
ǰո˶࣬Ҳ˼ʣ㲻Ը˵ĻҲ˵ŰС˵
֮ǰҪˣǸʱ˶࣬һ˵ĻǾͲˣ
ҡСץҶ˵䣬ֻؿŴңûлش⣬е㺦Щİˡ
СҪ£ʲô飬Ը˵̫һ˵
СûᣬֻǸӿҶˣڻ̫Ĵ飬ƺš
Сôѵҳ𣿡̫еƵԵشһ¡
ĸףԸСѣѾˣɡЦ˵ȻȥСֻǡ

СҶ˸ˣͬû˵
ɣոҽأе㽾˵̫˶Ҫһ١

ֻǣʱСƺҲˡ
̫̲סЦŻ࿴˶Էһ£ЦţһЦЦԱƺҲһЩĶ
֮ǰС˵ȫΪҪҶ˴ߣֻһʱ鼱Ż˶ţڵҪˣȻͻָԭ״̬
Цʲô
Ҷ߹ʱҲˣ˵Ц˳ʵ
߹һС
Сߣʲô
Ҷ˵߹ʱͻȻĳˣʱȻҲ֪߹ٽʲôˡ
ܵܣ裬ܵô˯ʲôʱġ
ҽӹģ˭Ǹողһȥ˵仰ǹ̼Ҷˡ
ʲôʲôҶԻˡ
򵥵˵һ֮ҶеڣԼΪʲôһȥ
Ȼ˵һ棬ֻʱ⣬ȴԽԽãңǲϲԼȱҶϲ
ܵܣԷˡ
Ҷܲˬ˵ץסҶ˵졣
Ŷ㣬ʲô
Ҷ۾Ժ˵

ǰɣոô󶯾ûѹھƾҶһ仰ˣ˸еޱȵĺա
ȻҪգϲһŶѣΪ˺Էˣܲ˺ղŹ֡
ף԰ҽӦòߵģһΣǾ˯һᡣҶͻȻе㲻ԣǾҪ˯
⵽ô£ôܵ۹ȥô˼һСҶôҶ˼˯ȥһץסҶ˵Ķ䡣
ۡҶ˳ʹĽе˯ʱȥ˴룬ҲѶˡ
㣬֡ףôǣ԰ӦΪʲôҲ˯СأҶ˷Ӧ֮󣬾Ϳʼұϡ
Сգ˭ѵ˵
磬⣡С
Сȷ飬СգͬʱҲȷһ飬ҶƺСĵġ


663 ѩ裨1
ھͺãңôģҶŰСС֣ʵ
С쵰վǰ㻹Ҫʱ𣿡һָҶ˵Դϡ
֪𣿡ҶеԺʵ
ҵȻ֪ˣûһҶˡ
֪˵㲻˵ô֪֪Ҳ֪֪Ҫ˵Ҷžž˵˵ڳһһ㶵ġ
С쵰˵ʲôʲô߰ģֹģʱȥӭӡ
Ѫģ˭ȵȡҶѪʱ򣬾ͻȻֹĽֻһ
С壬ɣҲܽܡҶ˶Ǳ˵
ܵܣǲӻˣǱûˣڽ˭أҶеɻʵ
⣬ҲҪʵģҶ죬ʵһоǱˡ
ڴɻʱһŮγˣͳǾû˵Ǹ˶һ
ŮѪ壬һֱû뿪Ҷ̫ԶĵطҪ鶼֮Ҷ˵˵
ֻû뵽Ҷ˻ҪȻҶҪˣʲôζҶͬʱѪҲ֪ڳ˶ûʲôģһС
СҶ˵ĹϵҲܲһ㣬ƺҲʲô
ܵܣô֪ǱˣҶֵʵͲȥʣΪ֪ѪڸͬʱҲ֪ѪܸоҶˣҶҲһܸоѪ
ʲôֵģǱҾ֪С壬ո˳šҶνػһ䣬żѪ塣
ǣѪ嵭صͷ
ΪʲôزصģֱﲻͿԡҶֱʵ
Ǹʱִ񣬲ܱ¶ݣѪû˵
˵ҲǣС壬ʲôû͸ҡҶЦʵЦ֮У˭ԿóĿġ
ֶûʱ㣬ǡһ񡭡Ѫ˵ò֪ˣΪϲҶ˵飬е㲻ϲҶ˵
ǻ򵥣ûСҪ˱ȵã֪ͨСиĿæҶ˵Ļ˺⣬ֻ֪Ҫһ飬Ҫ˹
Ҷ˵ķʱûǰֱ࣬⣬һʱӦϸĻͻᷢ˵ĻѶ
ʲôĿˣСأСŪȥˣѪʵ
ĿǴĿ㲻ùܣҲСŻˣҪ֮ǣҪиӦҶ˺ܼ򵥵ػش
֮ǣⲻ˵̩Ҫʮų𣿡Ҷʵ
ʲô᲻õģֲܸ档Ҷ˵˵
ôŵһεζ߹ݱӣҶЦ
ðɣҳϣǲϲȥֻ׷ҪȥҪǡ汿ʱҲӦôӦһ꣬ʱȥ֮ǵʱҲˣǾֻеʮˡҶԼԴһյӡ

СȥôˣŷӦ˵ʲôãе˵ȥյĿľΪɣһû˵㣬ôΣյ飬ôҪʲô飬ô죿
ʲô飬ҲǺúõģҶ˲˵
㻹ôɣҪˣһβ֪ܲӳûסҶ˵
УңææˣҪСһ㣬Ǳ̬ŮˣеĶֲܿǧҪսҪĻǧסСıҶͻȻѴ
˵ᣬҶӦûгͻһʲôûҪһ£ȸ۹е˵ˣұ͵жԵģ׾гͻ
ҲҶ˵飬Ҷ֪أλú⣬۹ͻĻؽŶǰߡ
˵Ҫȸ۹սĻȻṥأҶ˲Ҫġ
ʲôһ͵͵ȥܾ̽𣿡ҶʵյĶ˽ⲻûҶ˵Ŀֲ
еĻǾһܾ£ǾԲܴ̽õġ
ûҲûȥ̽ĶҶҡҡͷ
ô֪пֲĶҶԺˡ
ΪҰֵĶҶеС˵
ʲô
˴СеģǳԾȫҶˣ˫۽ضš


664 ѩ裨2
Ǻǣǲ˵Ҳգ˵顣Ҷףһӡ
װΪװͿ¹ȥûˣ
ڳ˭㺩񣬱ԺķݣԺžǺĶ
ѻ˵˵ģιȥΪʲôڰ𣿽̰ǾŽˣǰæھȻֲĶҶüе㲻ҶһεĿĵΪʲô
ʵ鱾ܼ򵥣ǺɺϵҶ˶ƺڰᣬ˸㲻˻Ҷ˱ǹȥģ˱һԡ
ʲôҸɵ̰ǾôǰæǼʵ𣿡ҶеֵʵȻȫ֪мĹϵ
̰ǾȻյĵţȴǾһڵʱҲҪֻһֱûлᣡҲһҪ̰ǾŲȻӹܱ
һΣһ˾ͽˣⲻڰʲô˵ЩҲ֪
һˣ¡ʵⶼģЩ̰ǾŵҪŻԽԽⲻҵĴҶ˲ػص飬ڰᣬҲһ⡣
˵˵⵽ô£ǶǺԺġҶûʵҲҪ֪ġ
ô򵥣Ǹʱ򡭡
Ҷ˿ʼ˵飬ĿУҵ֪ʼĩ
̰ǾţǾȡǱҲǳ飬û㣬Ҳ취룬ǵľͣҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ǴҶĽۣȻҶˣֻǾҶ˵ƺе㲻˼ˡ
֪Ҷ˺棬ȴ֪浽ز˵µĳɳ˵һսȻõٽ˸
飬Һìܣ̫˵
ĸìʲôʵ
ìܣҸòҶΪһǵĿУ֪ܸߣ£֮û̫ҡͷòƺ˵
ģҪĻҿԣȻ㲻ϲҲǿҶҡͷ˵ûŽȥǲγɵġ
һ£Ҷôĵʹ࣬ĻǺˡ
˵ģҪΪ˱һ̫˵ҶܸĻ֪ж࿪ġ
û⣬ҲûʲôҲΪ˸̡Ϊ˸٣Ҷν˵
аҲǺǡ̫뵽֮ǰҶ˿ŵССɰĳ̶ѾԶʤŮ
ԭСﲢˣҲһ޷ָо
ҲΪҶ˵ĸƺرһ㣬һ㡭
ţš˵ҲҶǰϻ̫ҲϣҶ˳ϵ
šҶҲ˳ƽһ
ţţ̫ǿĵصͷͺ񵽽һ㡣
ܵܣ׼׼ʲôĿһҪעⳡϡҶ˵Ҷ˵ţҶ˵Ӧ
ãҶ˿ܻὫһ߸˵飬úܱ࣡
һûãʱ˵
ҪһҲźٵġ
ҲǾٺòˡҶ˱ûҪȥӣڿ񲢲ҪˣһͿˡ
ⲻУ̣㣬ҪԼ׼ĿŻڱ˵ĽĿ֮С̫˵Ҷ͵뷨Ϩˡ
ҾС塣
ʲôҲɱ˻ԡѪ˵

ӣСʲôϵҶ쿴ҶˣʱѪ⣬һҪ顣
ҵ£Ѫ塣Ҷ˵
ѩ裿ֺܺҶ˵
ʲôģֻȥҶ˵
ȥͲ֡
ʱ֪Ѫֵˣа˵
ѩԸ񡣡
Ҷ˲˵ʲôѪȵȣ㣬ʲôǼ֣
Ǳѩѩо裬衣ѵ𣿡ҶشɻؿҶˣҶ˼ȻʵĻͺܿܲˡ
ֻǣҶ˽ȴǵͷ˵û֣һţС壬Ժͽѩ裬ҵʱС㣬ѩ㣬ǸѪߣѩţǲ



665 ѩ裨3
˳Ĭ֪Ĳ֪Ҷ˵Щʲôʲôѩʲôѩ֪˵ʲô
֪ˣ;еˣѪ龹Ȼѩ顣
ѩ裬ЩֲʵѩϲԺ̫͡߶ţѪƺһµ뷨ǹֵ뷨
̫ѩֺܲ˵Ѫ˾ͻ˼Ϊ֯Ӧøһ㡣
ֵĴҲ̫ˣԺǿѡһµĴţѩѪΪգΪ
ȻѪִһᱣǴݣ
ΪѪ鿪ʼһı仯ԺѪĳƺֻһٻʹΪ֡
Ѫøˡ
ңӴ˻һѩϡ
ѩ裬С裬ֺܺúܺáЦ˵ȻҲ֪Ѫ壬ֻΪҶߵˣûҪһȽ֣һŮӡ
ҽѪ壡Ѫؾ
ˣôˣС壬Ժڱǰͽѩ裬ѵҪ˵Ѫɱ֮Ҷҡ֣˵
ɱ֮
Ҷ˵ƺ˶еԾѪǽСȻ䣬ôҲоһɱ˲գ۵Ĵڡ
ãҲԣҹߣǰڰر𣿡Ѫ忴Ҷ˵ƽһͨ顣
ţҪˣǰһֲҪҶ˵ͷ˵
ãֻİȫҿɲҪ椣Ҳ㣬ͬʱɲҪ˵ҷ㡣Ѫ˵
֪ˣֲҪȥƭˣʲô椡Ҷν˵
СߣöǵĻ𣿡Ҷü
һЩһҶ˵ѩһɱ֣ɱ֮ڶѩǰҶˣǰһݹ椡߹
Ҷͷ߹ĺе㻹ʲô
Ҷˣ˵ǲǱȥմǲˣ߹Ҷ˵ߣţΪδޣȨеġ
ûааҶҡͷϡ
Ǹո˵ʲô椣
׷°ǸʱС˵ҵڣľŵȺѪߡҶ˵
ŵȣ˭
һ꾫һŮ˺ܴǸʱ˲ٵæ
ˣ˵һ顭
ġ
Ҷ˿ʼ˵Щ飬ҲҪ֪ģȻйҪʱ˲֪
Сһ˫۾ҶˣҶ˵ߣš
ո˵ҵĶѵ˵ż
ţ
ʲô
Ҽ칤Խľ棬ĶоҪư½ָտɴ

˶Ĭˣǿɲ뿴ôһõôǿĶǱ̬Ը񣬲֪ʲô
ҲõģҶ˷
ĲŹ֣СǸʱΪʲôɴɱᣬǸʱ˵ɱҶ˵һ£Դ˷йһ
лɱǱСԺǧҪʲôģȻԿǡҶѵ
ܳ治֪ǵʲôϵΪʲôɱ㣬ҲɱǵǲǳˡԴ˺ܲ⡣
ܶ˶㲻壬Ҷͷ˫û¶Էأ˶лɱ˶ԷǶû
ɱʲôôֻնңĻϰա˭ʵ۶һϰ˵һģһûʵۡҶ˵

Ҷ˵Ļ˳˼мǴû⣬ǰֻȨĶ뵽ζԸˣûվƽĽǶ
ƽĽǶ˭νֻҪѹǾˡ
ҲõģЩһģãٵ׼ûжʮʱǲܵġҶ˵
Ҫ£Ҫ׼Ŀɲһ㣬ԣ㱻õżҲҪľӪܶá
ʮ꣬ǿʲôˡ˶һȻҲ׼ȥһЩ飬עһķչ
˵˵ôȥ۹ôһС
Ҳһɺϡ
Ҷֿʼ˵ˣԼͶҪ˵ˣЩôô⣬˶ˣ˵һ顣

㾹Ȼȥװˣô̱Լ


666 д裨1
С쵰ǹֵġ
ƾȻ˼
Ҷ˵ŵʱ򣬴ǾиţҲ΢ЦҶҶ˹ʵǹ˼ģʲôط
ھҵһ֮󣬹Ҷڰ۹飬Ҳʱ򣬻һȽҪҪҶ˵
Ǿǡ
ΪʲôСʲô
ûһ֪СʲôΪʲôҶˡ
ʲôе鷳ʴһ⣬ǾˣҶ΢΢üе鷳͸ɴʴһ⡣
߰ɡ
꣡
ܿ죬Ҷ˵ԼĴ𰸣Щȫûгʮģ϶߰ꡣ
ҶЦЦҡҡͷ
Ҷˣ˼ѵ˵ģѵ˵ֻꣿ̫ˣ߹Ҷ˵ı飬֪˶´ˡ
Ҷҡͷ˵ǣոպ෴ǳ̫ˣֹͣѾʮ꣬¾ʮˡ
ʲô
ôܣ
˵Ц𣿡
ʱ˶ȵ̫ڣеʧ̬ضСûСѾʮˡ
Ĳ֢Ҷ˽ӻ
ʲôôô֣߹ϸؿССڿ֮󣬾ͶҶ˵󣬾Ҷ˵¶һ˫۾͵͵š
ʮˣôСӣһССӣҶʵ
Ը⣬ͲҲûа취ͣˣûʲô˰ɣһط˯һᣬԷʱҡҶҲýͣȥ

˯𣿻У֪ķ𣿡
Ȼֲ֪ǵһ
Ҷһ˵ţһߴСȥû̫˼˵ˣɲģҪϢȥϢ
ѪһֱӸҶȥ
ţˣҶ߹ҲˣŻ̫죬ҪǻŹҶദĻᣬǲܵġ
ĸùùøģȥһµܵܵסܿҲΪԼҵһڣûеõ̫˵ĻӦͺܸɴˡ
ôˣûµģ֪·ġ
ҶڿҶ˶Լ˵
ҾҪһ𣬲𣿡ҶЦš
ԣҶ̻ش
Ȼ˵ҶôЦţҶܸоҶ飬ԼӦĻǾҪԲ궵ߡ
ʮദҲǰദģҶ˽ľ㡣
һ죬ҾڳйȥȻ˵Ҷһߣڻ̫ǱߣͱȽϰˡ
ҲΪ;ʱҶ춼͵͵ˣԼıˡ
ôûˣҲһźܶ໰⣬ҲñϵŮʶıţǿɲҵҶ죬ͬʱҲ֪Ȥ֪ʱǱġ
ϣʱ󣬾ĸʱ䣬Ҳǲܲ

ڶ峿ҶˢϴȻԺ￴Ϸǿ䡣
˵κССһСһ㡭
ףⲻС𣿡
һҲǺ𴲣ԺеСӣҲСе֣ͬʱҲƺСĽе㲻ס
ǵģҲ֪ô£ϲ潣ǿкôʼ󡣡Ҷ˵ͷش
ʵҵǺĽһֱãͿԲôķˡ˵
ÿ˶Ľˣȴᵽ˵ʹ࣬һӶҲչ˵ĻǿǣֻôȥľʡҶ˺ȵ˵ż顣
ľʣɣӦȥӵоʣӦðȵģ˭Ҳ˵壬ÿ˶ԼĴ𰸡ҲѧҶˣ
ҪѡĻҵȻѡ񰲰ȵģҲԼһֱСӣСӲ̫ˡҶڻش
ʲô飿Ҳʵ
˵Ͷˣ˵Ů֮䡭
ͣС쵰û뵽ôСˣ
ʲôôֻ˵ʵѡ
˵ˣ
˵Ͳ˵˵鶼Ůϲ˵ģôôУ˵ǻѹ㵽ڻ޲ȥ

Ĭˣû뵽Ҷ˵ľȻֻǰѳ飬Ů֮һ˭뵽Ǹ档
ȿȣĽܲҶûмĽʲôʲô˽̵ġʼתƻˣȻСĽЩ棬ȥĵزһתơ
ҵĽ¾ŽҶڻش
ʲôĽὣ𣿡


667 д裨2
ʲôĽὣ𣿡ȵʵ֪Ҷ˻ὣҿܸ
첻˵ˣýЩģ⻹Ҫ𣿡Ҷɻؿ·ʣѵûҵĻ
һΪӮãֻ۷شܶ˶һȻҶ˵ýȴý
ûаҲŲҵĽܸģҪҪԣұ֤Ϊҵ°ܽҶ˿üëһһŵӡ
ãʱֽأҶˣһ˭˭
СգϢһ£¿ôýġҶ˶С˵һʦӡ
ûҶ˾ҪСֻǵ似û˼Ҫˡ
ǸʱҶڸչʾʱ򣬾ѾСĲͬھһ֮̽Ҷ˷СȻһϰţߡ
Һãʱ廹߰壬ԣڴ»ü
ҲУܻܴܾãһֱӵĻĻΪʷΪһ
󣬵Ȼһֱʱ˭ûе
ţСҶ˵߽кܳһʱ䣬Ļǰ;ǿ˵޿ġ
˵ԺܳĻǽΪһ֮еľ֣κ˶޷ȼĴڡ
һֱֻǰ壬ǾͺչˣϾСӵ˵̫һơ
ȻˣԱû⣬ԱģҲӦǾ֡
ǣСǹɵ˽ԹԵһߣûзκε
ȻˣҪҲǺѵģ˻Ҷǰ˵˵֮⣬ôԳĬص
ףҪʲô
ҶˣòҪһɣɵˣǺܱ̬ġ
ʱҶ߹ҲóˣҶĶţǾ̷ˡ
˵֪֮УҶһˣǽӽ켶߿Ѿ켶ˡ
ԱȣǵоãҶƺǱģʵ̫ˡ
ڴܣʵҺǾͿŰɡҶЦ˵ˣˣеĽһӡ
ܵܺ˧
ŷ֣ôġ
ˣ
Ůӻһ˵ȻҶǰûڳʱȱһǶǲܳı顣
磬˧
Ů˵֮СҲô۾ҶˣһݵӣŮеա
ѵ˵ԼһСŮһ
ǣԲǣ
˧ɣܶεĶƭƭСŮġ㣬㣬Сߣǡ

ŮʱץסҶһ٣Ȼôǣǲ˰ɡ
ˣƤӣҿĽóĻޣһ˦ڵϣϾ̳һѺۡ
ιιƺ̫˰ɣ˵ܵҾҪÿҶ˻û˵ҶѾˡ
ҲѹҶᾯ棬УҶ˱ͲĶ֣ڿҪģĻҪи˵Ļô졣
ģҴˣһκõģЦ˵
Ҷ˳Ĭˡ
ΣԼͿԡ԰Ҳ˵ģҪΡҶ˽ӻ֮˵һŷӦ

ǲ㣬ʵΪ᲻áʼɣû˵Ȼ׼Ҫʼ
Ȼ˵ҶΪҶ˵ʵܸߣԲΪһʵûУԣ䣬Ҳһ̫ġ
Ҳ㣬Ҳ᲻áҶ˵

Ҷ˵仰ֻôҾΪҶãѧ˾˵һʵ
С쵰ƤЦЦҶѧԼΣ˵᲻Լ
ʲôûƤȵȣҵĽոյǹ͵ġҶ˽֮ǰˣ˧Ľջأһҳһѽ

⽣Сɵġü
ÿ˶˵ǶڿѽҶ˵˵
˺ڲҲ֪ѽԸңǲ̫ϷˣһҲһСѡü˵
һСͿԣܶʱһСͿףӵĽôôСˣҶװʱͻȻԼеĽʵǹСɵġ


668 д裨3
ôСɷ
ѽĳߴֻذ״Сұһذϸܶ࣬СĽ
ôˣѲǣҶ̻ĽȻ˵ȽϸСһ㣬ոյģѾ޴ˡ
ҲΪ֮ǰĶԱȣҲû˵Ҷ˵ĽСˡ
ˣʼɡһҶ˵ĽȻɵ˵ȫһӵӡ
ŮʿȡҶõ
ðɣǾԸȻҶ˵ĻҲͳˣһнС
һʼʱ򣬾Ķ֣ҲٻȫԸ̽һ£ԵҶˣǾ͸˵ˡ
йȥʱҶҲˣĽһٶǰʺȥ
ΪʲôҪ˵ٶȣ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪٶڴҵУеǺģе㲻˼顣
Ҷãٶȣ˭ԶùȥҪ˵ˣһͶȥˡ
ֻǣôҾǣһģΪʲôͻȻǰ棬ΪʲôʲôĶһȻڿ
̾ʱ̺̣ܶܶΪڷٶ֮һҶ˵ĽѾʺ
ڴҶףһԲֻҶַʹôҲһִ˶һûʲô
ǽأҲһƷˣ

һ̣Ҷ꣬߹ĬˣؿҶˣǶŻһҶ˾Ȼʤˣһһʤ
Ҷ˵Ľܿջˣһ̣Ѿջ˽ɲýԼˡ
㣬㣬ˣڷһ֮󣬾ָҶ˵ţһѾ޷ҵʺϵĴ˵Ҷˡ
ûаˣǣ˾ƤҶҡͷ˵һֱӵһ
㾹ȻұңҰƤеץˡ
㣬㲻Ҫ嶯Ҷ߹ȥסҶһʱ嶯
Ȼ˵ոҶһʤǻǾʵҪ߳ܶ࣬Сģ˵ſʵĻҶһˡ
ҳ嶯ʲôΪһѵС쵰зִġû˵˦Ҷˡ
Ϊһ߼ߣҪ˦ħʦǺɵġ
С쵰Ļޡžһ׼ˣҪˡ
Ҫ˰ɣһνҲǻһģʲôġҶҡͷ˵
Ҷ˾ãټȥһĽȻûбҪģԼĶ¾ŽԸǴ´ģȻָ˫ಫ¡
ıдʱ̣϶ҶˣԲಫֻ㵽Ϊֹ㵽Ϊֹĳ̶ȣǲʤҶеĽһ֮ǰ
ֻǣҶ˾õģˣôҲţԼᱻҶѹţһΰҶ˵
Ҫϻ𽣣Ǽɫ
С壿ҶеΪѵʱͻȻ󣬽һС壬ͺѪһ
ƭңСҲûãѾˣʱֻҶΪҪƭԼתȻ͵ϮԼһУҶǰù
ǰС󡭡Ҷָ˵

ʱ򣬱Ҫ˵ʲôܿͷԼһ⣬ʶһޡ
һ
ò˰νˣ
ڴ˿̣Ҹеһǿҵɱ⡭
С壬ֻд裡Ҷ˺
Ҷ˵ĺǹɱͻȻʧˣͺûгֹһ
ԭ˼
Լ󣬷ѪվţüոյʱȻûиоѪĴڣԼҲΪҶѡ
˵ոѪɱԼģԼΣˣ
û뵽һʱ䲻Ѫʵָ߳ܶ࣬ɱ֮Ȼɱ֮ȥ½û˿ӹİɱ
ʱҶ߹ƺţѪεεСһɱ֣һһΪµɱ֣Ӹոյǹɱܿó
ͬʱƺҲܲµոѪֻǹҶˣҪҶ˲ԣҪɱȻƺݶûȷϡ
ǸʱѪȷеԺˣ֪ǲҶ˾ˣʲôûпǣֱɱˡ
ҲΪңֻע⵽ҶΣգûע⵽顣


669 𻨸⣨1
ȥǱţˣеСԣȳţҶ˵ŵʱ򣬾ӳһֽװһֺζСԣȺģռָܱ
ţѪ֮󣬾СıϣֽԽ
ιιܵܣҲ̫ƫ˰ɣô͸ССԣվڱôˣôûиҡҶеԴ׵벻ԼĵܵܶԱôãȶԼá
Ǹûˣ·϶СոˡС㣬ĳղġҶ˵
Ҷ˵ĿռָŲٵСԣֻһ·ϣСһֱ¿û¾ڳԶѾѶԵòˡ
һոģȻĻһûС
ҲѪ˵˸Ҷ⣬ûиκֻȤ˳Եġ

ˣ׼һΣҲ飬ֻǶҶ˵һˡ
ãһΣǾȥͿ԰ɡҶ˿˵
УҪʲôУӦ
Ҫԣ¥Ĺ𻨸⣡Ҷһ۲ӣ·𻨸ܴܴ
ʱĬˡ
ۡѪոڳСԵĿ࣬һڲ裬ڲȫ˳ȥΪʧ̬ӡ
Ȼ˵Ҷ߹֪¥Ĺ𻨸⵽ʲô⣬ǿԿ϶ܴ󣬲ĳĬѪʧ̬˵顣
¥⣬ǹ𻨸⣬ڻ֪Ǿã¥ļҪߺܶ࣬ĻҲ֤һ㡣
С쵰ľҪȥֵطǲᰡŭҶ˵
ǣ˵İ
㣬¥ʲôطҶ߹ֱӴҶ˵ĻΪǾҶ˵ĻǺģˡ
¥ֵطͷ绨ѩ¥һġҶһۡ
ͷ绨ѩ¥һǲ¥𣿡Ҷ߹ͬʱ˵
ţ绨ѩ¥һ㣬ŲٵĶ¥ȫûУȫǿǮµġ˵
Ҷˣȥʲô˼УǰΪʲôȥ߹ʵȻҶ֪ĶóԣǾͿ϶ȥ
ȥԹ𻨸ⰡǰǺͱ㣬СһȥģΪʲôȥˡҶڻش
㣬С壿Ҷ꿴Ѫ壬û뵽˾Ȼȥ
Ϊ˰飬ǹ£̽͵ҿûдֻԶ
ˣҲӦôȥֵطô졣Ҷ˵
ϰȥֵطҲһᱻʲôˣǷ绨ѩ¥ϰ壬ʲôĳûм
ʱĳԺ֮УܵҶߣȻ˹ȥš

߹Ķͷϳһ˿˿ĺߣʲô˼Ȼҵҵδ
̣ˣ֮ǰҪ㣬ȥ¥һȥ𣿡Ҷ˶̵ĶȫûκεķӦԼϡ
԰ҲҪȥȸĵһ¥Ц˵Ȼǲ¥ֵط¥ġ
ߣ߹Ҷһ
ˣҪȥĻԼȥǲ㡣üͷ΢壬ȥ¥ֵطҶҪȥĻҲȥֹ
ҲȥǶҸŮҶ˵ȻҶǴһ㣬ЩЩ鲻Ƿֵúġ
߹ڿҪҪҶһȥǲ⣬Ը֮ҶˣҲʣҲȥֹʲô
ˣʵҲûʲô飬СϾȸĵһ¥Ķһġ˵
ǿ㰡̵һȥһҪͱһΡҶ˽˵
ãЦЦܵС˿Се棬һСֻСû
Ѫ壬̺ܸɴķڨҶˣؿţȫû˵Ĵˡ
ɣ㣬һοɲƤˣҶ˵˵еĽһӡ
ߣС쵰˭ƤˣƤˣǷ飡ĿһɣȻ־һޣһΣˣԲᱻҶٴΡ͵Ϯ
һޣȻûʹöҲһ˿Ӧģһĸ֣Ҳܻᱻһ޸ܡ


670 𻨸⣨2
ļ֮УҶ˾һУҲӦòǺףһеĻضҪܲС
Ҷ˵Ķȫ֮⣬ֻҶ˳һ֮ߣոյһĻƺˡ
Ŀ졭
Ʊʽ
Ҷ˵ĽһεִĿĵأҲʺ
һΣһסˣǸոռģûмģǻǱҶ˵һˡ
ȻҲһģ
˶ҶǲӮģ仹ʱ򣬸ǲܵģȴ֮⣬ӮˣһӮˡ
⣬⣬ôܣĿôġ
ʲôôܣһɲƤˣӮˣҪˡˣҸոΪʲôҪܡҶƺԼдĿģҲνˣһ
ȵȣסҶˡ
ﰡ㣬ٱҲһĽиıģͱƤˡҶ˻˵ʱ򣬾ͱһ¡
˭ƤΪ𣿸ңʲôʱὣģʹô뻯ģʵ⣬Ҳڳ˶Ҫʵ⡣
ҶˣǶ֪ҶĽοǱˡ
һֱὣȥ۹ʱооˡҶ˰ڰ֣ܲ˵
ʱ򣬴Һ˹Ҷȥ۹˳ооĻֻ˳ооӦöԽ˵̫İǰųߵˡ
һֱ᣿ΪʲôǶ֪Ůͬʱʵ
û˵ǵȻ֪ˡҶ˻شʾһȺ
㻹˼˵Ȼᣬô˵ҶҶһۡ
ûʡҶڨڨ
ҲͲ˵ҪʵҪ˵Ҷ˵
ĻҪ˵ʲô飬һĶ̫ˣҲú˵ҶҡҡͷܾҶ˵
㻹ʲô˽ᵶ𣿡ҶʵƷܻᱻ˷һ˵
ҲֻҶ˵ģ̽ԵģҶҲֻҶ˸һСľϲ
ᣡҶ˵ͷ
޷ʵŲȥˡ
ᣡ
ǹ
ᣡ
ȻᣬҶ˵뿪յʱ򣬾ùˡ

ᣡ

ʮ˰ᣬǱֿʺòã

ֻҪ뵽ʹˣûһҶ˲ģǸеޱȵĺգǷԼҶ˵˽ƺ̫ˡ
˵ˣС壬ߣҶ˲ۣĶ̫࣬ȥҪʵʲôʱʱ͵ˡ
ãѪվҶˡ
ϰ壬أֵ̾ҶˣҲʾҶˡ
һ𣡡Ҷ˵ͷ
¡һ·СܵҶ˵ߡ
СʱѾҶ˵ߣҶ˵½ǣȻûг˼ѾˣҲҪȥ
Ҳһ𰡡ҶüС
Сӣ㶮÷ִ磬ȥҪСһСŮôܴȥңǰ۹ĹӲֵܳطˡ
Ҷ˵üɣ߹˶ҶΪ˼ɣһ̾Ҷ˻еþȣٶ÷ִ硣
ֻǣܿ죬ǾͷԼˣ
Ҳã㲻ܣҶ˵ͷ˵
䣡
߹˺Ȼء

С쵰ʲôСң𻨸֮ٻҶһ£ȻС
Ϊȸ۹ɲð۹֪ԼĹȸ˴¥ܻ⽻ġ
ʱ룬Ҫǰ۹Ļʵ֪Ҷ˻Сȥ¥᲻СҶأ
ô˵ɫһܺÿ
ûҪǱʵ֪ˣһץûǸʱɱҶ˵ĶС
ҪССȴ⣬ץҶ˵·Ը֣ʱûƢ
㣬Ը㣬ͲҪǿˣ˭ɷģԺļ޲ȥҶ˰æС˵
С쵰˵ʲôأҪҶˣֻҶʱѾܿˡ
˵ʲô˵޲ȥҶ˵ԶֱţƫƫҶûа취
Ҷ˴СһŮǰ¥Ժ֮УڻŸոҶ˵


671 𻨸⣨3
Ҷ˵ĽеһִЩʲôҪ򣬶һĻԼ似һͻơ
ʲô
ڹ֮ˣҪҶ˼ģֱͦͦվм䣬еһ¡
ɣոܵһΣҪȥˡҶЦŻش»ǺɵģϾҶ˵ʵǿˣҲԸһ㡣
ܵһܣɲһˣܱܵһ𣿡ʵ
ֵģܾܵӮˣҶص
ŶҲˣֻҪ֪ҶҪֱҶ˸Ӹɴһ㡣
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ףôûиȥƽʱ㲻Ƕϲһ𣿡ʵ
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һΣѪûصҶһۣ˵ʲô˼ѵ˵ȺõŮ
ʱЩ˿ѪŮҲòһˣһĸоЩѾ뵽һֺ档


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һȻģϰ嶼һٽˣϰԸǲûģǾܳԶپͳԶ١
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ȵȣмΪʲôû˱ݣǿʲôҶָ滹ûпĻ̨ôʱй
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ʱ̬ǲеģȻˣǾҪĿ׼ãûпҲһҪУˣȥɣѹ𻨸ҶĿԻҶ˵

ҪˣôĿˣǮķϣˣ
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673 ڣ2
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674 ڣ3
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ҼȻȸ۹ĵһңȸһǹϵܺãȻĻôһҵλá
ȻôԸҶˣͬʱΪҪλǣӲȥҶˣĻǰ;޿ɹƵ̶


675 1
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676 2
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ѪֻǵЦŲẦĴ壬Ѫ飬Ѫ۹һҵٴҲһҶѡ
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677 3
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678 һǧ1
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679 һǧ2
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ӰҶˣüѵ˵ĿĵģΪ˶Ըǵģ


680 һǧ3
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Թ۾ͺˣһģ˵

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681 ǹȻһȣ1
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682 ǹȻһȣ2
ǵǵ鰡ҪңҲŲ顣Ӱҡ֣ҹӵ˺ǻ˽ޡ
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ΪҹӺڰӰ£ӰҪ֪ģ
Ҫ֪Ŀģܼ򵥰ĳ棡ҸǰɣԹ𻨸ģҹġҶ˺ػش仰ʵĴ𰸣ֻûš
ߣͷ˵ٻǻòͷˣҹߵҶ˵ɲŹˡ
㺰ȵʲô飿Ѫʱʵ˵ģҶ˽ͣĻǾһ飬Ȼ˵鲢һǺ¡
Ҫ峡ҷ֣Ѿ峡ˡҶ˵
Ѿ峡ˣλӰ˳֮󣬾Ѿʼ峡Ѫ嵭˵
ѩСȻһˣص飬㾹ȻҲܿóֻŻĿˣԾ峡ˡӰЦ˵жѪĵˡ
ǾͺãС壬ԷֵȥѪҲνҶЦ˵
ţѪͷ
е㲻ˣʲôмѪҲνѲεѩ軹浽Ѫɡ
ܿ죬Ǿ飬ǵģǵѪ
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һ֮Щ˳ȥЩ˿ɶǹӵĸ࣬ʵǼǿģҲһǿ֮С


683 ǹȻһȣ3
һȺ˶ԸŮ⿴ȳʤȯ飡
ӰҶ˼˲һˣҲỳɣҶ˼лЩ˵ΪһҪǿʵҪؼ߽׵ʵС
ǰ⼸ŮôеؼʵҪ˵ؼģǰ˼Ҳеѡ
ֻǣһγǵ֮⣬֮ǰСǾȣһξ𾪣е㺦¡



һĲҽѪһĥ͸ذףЩ˵Ļذ׻ǳʺ߳ںģôطûĵط
ÿһΣѪ嶼һڱɱߵ󣬴ӺĨɱԷĲӣֱӴӺԷ࣡
ϰߣϲɱϲһ
һַʽѪ쭳Ѫа취ѪҶ֮ǰ˵ҪѪ˿Ѫˡ
ɴ࣬һһȺɱ֮УЧҪúܶࡣ
ǡǡ
ҶһѽŸֲͬƣڱȥ
С쵰ڸأѪ彫һ˽֮󣬾ͺҶˣҲҶʲô
ڰ󰡡Ҷ˻ش

̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ŶٵĹȻһ˽ôֽˣȻЩ˲ǿߣҪǣǲ׵顣
֮ǰǴҲţôһ޵ŮȻôѪȵһ棬ɱûһ
㡭ǡʲôˣҹӿҶˣ𾪵
ʲôˣ㻹ûʸֻ֪Ҫ֪ǲˣĴҲһǲ𣡣Ѫ˵
Ҫ˵ҶˣѪ飬ҲĴǵġ
ãһΣˣҹӺݺݵѪ⻰Ǽ٣ǲҶ˼˾һʵΪû˿ԶԸѪ壬Ѫһˡ
Ҳ֪ǸһСӣǲʵ
ˣǾϴúõһͣˣɨˣԣҶ˵˵ţͻȻͱɫһȥһҹӡ
һ仯˶סˣѪ壬Ҷ˲ӦûΪԲΪĻȥɱһˡ
ҹһȻַֻĶһ㣬ҶҪɱĻھǶһ¾Ϳ顣
һ̣ѾףҶ˵ʵƺȸոѪȳѪ
ҹ׼һ̣Ҷ˵ĽͻȻıˣһһûʲôΪŹӡ
һ仯ʵ̫ˣҶ˵һҲԲ̽ǺҪȡŹӵ
⵽ô£˰Ѫ嶼е㲻ˣҶΪΪʲô
ŹɫһߣæֵĳҪǻҹӶҪܶ࣬٣һ̻һ
Ҷ˺ܿͻ˷һŹӻɡ
ۡŹѪ
˾
ǹȻһȣ
ʱҶ˵һ˾еĪĻָӰűɵŹӣ˵
һȣôܣǴûнӴ
С쵰˵ʲô˼Ѫпϲ֪Ҷһʲôû뵽¥Źϵ֮ǰû顣
飬ѪҲʵ¥Ļϰ壬ҽģ˵Ҫ췴ԶţᵳӪ˽ǿԿ϶ġ
ºҶֱףҶ˴Ȼܷܣ
ʲôҶ˷ܣʵҲһ⣬ҶҪ˵飬ʵ޹صģȴôɺϣͱܡ
ǣ¥ڣһƬļž
һȣ
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Źһʼڣû˵ڴҵĸо֮УͺһڵĴڡ
ⲻڵĴڣȴҶ¼ģȻôҸеɻ󣡣
˵ʲôУŹ¥޹ϵӰڴʱ˵ƺƽô˸㲻ǾĹϵ
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Ҳò˵ӰһŮˣ²ҲΪλá


684 ·˼ף1
û˵¥йϵֻǺһȣڿӦòдˡҶЦ˵
λӣɲ˵ƾʲô˵ҺŹСǸȻҲУŹƺῴ¥ŮӡӰķЦ˵
ı֣˾ãҶ˵飬·һЦ
װˣҿ϶һȵģҶӰ̬ȣֱ˵
ϰ壬ץߣ׽˫ô֤һȵģһֱλŹһֱûʲôûʲôôмģѵڰʲô㿴ˡڴʱ廰ʵʵҲҪʵģӰŹӡ
ֻǣӰŹӸҪ˵ôüʣǺܲǡġ
ǰûгΪʵֻҶ˿տ˵ģüʣ棬ġ
δ֮ǰ͸ɷˣ
ûУʼնûκεĽҶҡͷ˵
ȻĻô˵йϵʵ
Ҳֻ֪֪ǾйϵҶҡҡͷ˵

Ҷ˵仰˺ˣɶ˵ֻһЦѡ
λǻῪЦʱЦǲҿģҪ۵ģҲҪҵĿˣһҪ׷ףȻ˻Ϊ¥ûˣ۸ˣӰƽȻ˵ţ֣˽Ҷ˶Χˡ
ʱҶ˻վӰ˵ıϣѪ廹һξ룬ҲΪѪʱҪǰҪҶˡ
ֻǣܿѪͷֲҪˣΪҶԼΪȺΧ֮뿪صߡ
˷˼ҪɱҸ㣬ǸĻǺصģҶ˿Ź˵һĳЦ
ߣŹֻһһӡ
ڵǣҶ˵Ź⣬ȴŹӰıҲһ˵ûġ
ʲôҾͲˣĴһܰôʱӰ˶ûп˵֮ǰǸǾȿˡ
һ𣿡Ҷ˺üëʱƺеζǣֱӶ
λӣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣӰе㷢ŭ
С쵰ǲ֤ݣѪ嵭ʵһӰŹӣмƺе㲻һʱ֮Ҳʲô⡣
ȻˣӸոտʼѾԿ϶ˣҶ˵ͷ˵

Ҷ˵Ļ֮ӰŹӶеԾôԼոյΪ⡣
Ϊ˷֣صСһ㣡ô¶ˣ
ʵǲ֪ΪСģԲŻ⣡
ô϶Ѫʵ
һ㣬ҸոڻʱЩ˺ܽţҪӻҪţҶָŹ˵
ھҶ֮ѪոյȷҶҹӵʱЩƺôţŹӵʱЩ˶Ѿˡ
ΪǵĹͣǲҪ¥ֻ˱ˣҪغܶ࣡Ӱɫδ䣬ֱӻص
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˵ͨɣ֮أλŹһֱûзӦ⣬ΡҶ˿Ź˵
ʲôûзӦҪʲôӦѵʲô˸ˮҶҪӦûӦֻΪֵʲôӦŹӺǲм˵
ǰΪʲôҪзӦֲʵǾ˵ȥ
ûܶ˶ķӦñ˾˵ԼҲһҪʲôӦΪǾûӦˣʧݵ顣
ҵĵλһСǸǲмһˣ˵ʲôҪȥӦ
Ұˣ㾹Ȼһ㷴ӦûУѵƢô𣿡Ҷ˴ʵҼ㣬Ҳɣ

ʱ򣬴ƺҶ˸ոջŹӣҶ˵ķӦ˵Ӧ顣
⣬ȷ⣡
ĴҵˣмǺƢģŹӲҪһֱû˵Բֻᱻ˴ҲᷴˣҪ˵ҶıǻϣҲᷴ¡
ѪˣոԼ벻ͨʾŹһ滢侲Ҳϻƨõġ
£ʱӦҶ˻ƴˣ


685 ·˼ף2
ԣԲһΪ±Լ̫ʾԼ¥⣬ԲŻŲ
ֻû뵽Ϊ˾øӵˣ
Ϊ¥ĵط˼Ӱ˶Ȼ㶯֡Ź˵·˵ͬԭֻǣҶ˵Ļ֮£ԭͱʵ̫ǣǿˡ
ҵĻҲŲܱˣѵ˲˵Լ˴Ҫ𣿡ҶЦ˵Ȼ˵Ļһȴֻǣǲ˵ûϵ𣿡

ʱŹӵ˶Ҷʵڲ򵥣ܴһϸڽԼЩ˻ܣ˵ȥֻԽ˵Խ
ܺãԭ¥Ȼҵģջ񡣡Ѫ嵭˵ͬһʱϢȥ˰æ¥
ѪڿԿ϶ҶܲܽŹӵĹϵ¥Щ˶׷ԼȥҪһѪս
ϻովɱһȺˣ˼һװݲˣ
ȻˣǾѪսֻԼĻҲͲú֧ԮֻὫϢȥһҶڣɲҶðգȻҲ֪Ҷ˺ܱ̬Ҳһðա
㵽ʲôˣŹüֱʵӦҲƺһԼġ
ʱƺѾٶѹȥΣΪ˼ѾˣҲǳ顣
ǡ·˼סҶЦЦûʲôʱЩ⣬ʱҶ˻ûаϡ
Ȼǽ飬ʲôģ֪ԡ
½ʼΣ½ǰɡŹеɻ󣬸ое֣ҲòسҶΪӡ
·˼ף·ӣϲҹҲУ·˼ҲУҶЦ˵ȥ·˼ʡ
ʲôУ㵽Ϊʲô˭ģŹʵ
Թ𻨸ģĹ𻨸Ĳ͵ģôˣѵҪ֣ԸͶѣҪɡҶʵʵػش

ðɣ͵ͣŹüƺżϼΪҶ˵Ļشģ˵Ҳġ
ǵǣҶ̾
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Ҫ˵ŹӰرһĻǻ˵֮ıȴͳһҲûΪ֮вɸ˵飬صز˵Ӵ
ĻǻԼΪʲôᱻֻ֣ǲģôҲ벻ͨ
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ֻһֱҶ֮ǰȷǲҿ϶ֻǾŹʵ̫ˣ˵Խǲ۵ˣԽģĳϣԣҪ֤һ˵ǲȷģ֤ˣ˵ǶԵġ
Ȼ仰ֻʱǶԵģطʱ򣬻ġ
ãããܺãˣ£ۣ
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ԸҶˣǱضʧģʧܻأصǵҴӴû䡣
ԣ֪Ҷ˵֮ҪھжڣˣСκˣκ˶пǲġ
ǲǰҶ˵һǲֵһСͲĽ
ǵģıһ겻֪ҪٸһҲ࣡ʱ˹ȥȫҶ˷ͬʱҲѪĿ¡


686 ·˼ף3
ʱֻڽкţַģһɱСӰ㱨𣡣
ҿɲǣֻһССİܼӶѣҶЦЦ˵һǣȻ˳һ˦˳ȥ
ûܿóҶôģֻ֪ǳȥ֮󣬾ͱҶһ˦ɣǸʱҶ˵λþڶ¥ıϣǸλñ˦ȥǾкܴļʻ¥¡
ž
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صˤ֮ϣһƬһƬǽ壬ԼȻҲССһˡ
ֻһС˶ѣΪһʵǿӵܣڵصһ̣ѸһͦվָҶ˴
ڽʲôҶе㲻׵ʵ
Ƿ蹷ڽУ㲻ùѪ嵭˵ݺݵصһۣһǿҵɱʹ˫֮зǵС
ֻеһ⣬ϲԾķһ£һ̾ͲȥѪ壬Ѫƺһֺ£һֿ־塣
ֻʱǲûз⣬ҲǲţΪܻƣԼô˿һۣͻẦ£ֱڿЦһЦ
Ȼ֪ԼĶ˭Ѫ¼µɱ֣ʸκ˶Ϊе¡
ҲǣֻһСɫùܣҶ˵ͷͬѪ˵
ģ˭СɫǣҶ˵ĻŽš
Уǣ֮УֻһǣסҶЦ˵
ףʲôŭеԼˡ
Ұʲôǣ·˼סҶЦЦɵػش

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ûκǣ磬Ҳһǣ
ڣҶȴڵ˵Լһͣǲ̬ȣ޷˵ʲôһ̣ǶãҶӮˡ
һôÿںʱεأ䣬ΪӮ
֣ҲҪ˲ҪԶ֣ȥ¾ˣʱҹ˵
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ǱûʲôĿģǵ˽⣬ʲôǶ˭е飬ֻеһǲôҪһѪ嵭˵֪Ӱ뷨Ҳܸɴ˵ʵ飬ԷԲ²⡣
˵ҲûãΪ˶Ըǣôǽе顣Ӱ仰Լ̫ˡ
ãԼ¥ǺҪģܶ˶Ҫܣκ˶ҪԸԼ¥ôܻ²ôҪһ
ΨһĽ;ǣԷʱҪڸǵĿġ
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Ҫ˺Ҷˣⲻһܺõɣһ¥ѣȻҶҶСӶ֡
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ӵĶŮǿϮӵֻǣһ˵ϵģӵĺܶȨܲġ
˵λļ̳Ȩ˵ǵĶŮûʸٳΪӡ
Ȼ˵ֻϵģһҪ۹ʽķͲſӵУһЩ֮ϣ빫ģΧɱҪ׷ĻҲǿκ˻
˵Ѿ㹻ɣȸ۹ƽ¥ȸ۹ˣҲ͡


687 Ҷ˵Ľ1
ǲ֪ǿ˭ĴǺ޼ֵģŹ˵Ȼһƣ˱㿪ʼǰˡ
ιιҪֲ֣ʲô˵飬ˣʲôȺȲ裬̸Ҷʱܲϳϵ˵
ڻʲô̸ģֱӿսѪû˵
ΪʲôҶ˴ʵ
ûΪʲôԼԼ㡣Ѫ˵ڵְǱҶˣҶҲѪģҲҶ˵ҲҪԼԣ͸Ҷһѡ
ˣһԼԼҲչ˵ģͷĵȥսЩɱɱ鲻ʺңҶҡͷһǺƽߵӡ
ٸϲһţѪû˵ѾǰҶ˼˵ǰ棬һһ򵱹ĪĸоǺŮأ
ŶԭϵĽӡģ˯ʱҰֲãҾӡĳϤҶʱ飬ѾԼǽӡ˭
㻹֪ʵǹġѪ嵭˵ҶˣֱӭϮˡ
͡
ʯ˲䣬ѪеĽڳȥֻ֮عԭλ˸оеĶҲ֪

Ѫǰ˻ڼţٶԽԽеԼţѸٵţѾ̧Ų
ףΪʲôԼôǿ׳ô飡
ͷͻȻѪѪģ
ҡѵ
ɻ˵ȥԶ޷վǲףԼʲôʱеġ
Ψһһ黹ڼҲڼ࣡
ʱƣӰ˵ɫҲԽԽأǿѪһĳٶȣһףѪ岻򵥡
Ӱ˶ԼѪԱȣǶòϣԼȫǶ֣
Һãʱǵ˻кܶ࣬óսһǿѪ壬ʱƣǷ֣ԼԽԽˡ
ڲŷ֣ȥĻԼ᲻ҪµѪŮ
ѪѪֶΣɱȫûһԥʽȫģıҲʼѪ䵽㡣
⣬ԽԽǺ£
ɱǼסɱ˿񡣡
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˶룬ѪһΪҶ˱ϮɶʱͿлɳˣҶ⼸ҲһҪġ
ǣ
ڽӵ֮һȺӦٶҶˣЩ֮УΪΪ˽Ҷ
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ҲΪѪȫҶߵӰ˶Ǵ⣬ǶѪŮʲôˣѵֻɱ
ʣҪʲô
ҶڱΧʱ򣬻ںŲ裬֮Żʵǫǫ񣬺дһ㣬һҲû˫ಫζ

ɱǣ
ڷһ֮Щ˾ͺݺݵ˵ǹꪳҶ˼ˣҪǶҶˣϾŮӣ仹һСŮûж˻ǵҪĿꡣ
ȰȫͶĻһһҶ˳һڹ𻨸⣬һ顣
ƨ㣡
ŭˣеٶȸˡ
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Ҷһӣ֮ǰϵĽڰаνʣȻŸЩˢˢļ£ֽ뻹δĽ֮С
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ִҲΪոյЩ̫ˣһ˲ɵģе㷴ӦͬʱҲһЩûзĴ
ϰ壬ʲôˣ˧𣿡
ʱ̴ʵҶ˸ոյЩ˧ԣֻǣ֮£Щƺе㲻ʺϡ
ǣҴˣ˧ģҸոɱУҶҡҡͷش


688 Ҷ˵Ľ2
ɱУǺûʲô鰡ˣôˡ̿űϵЩˣЩɻ
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ôɲµԭֻһǾҶˣҶܸһְȫУһּҲŵİȫС
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ʵǰĻû˻ţôһǳǳ˺ۣܴһ
СӸӿ£ԶǸѪŮ£
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ô죬ȥǵ˻ɱӰüŹӡ
˰æŹҧҧкǺڣΪʲôҪôɷǡ
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689 Ҷ˵Ľ3
ǵ˭û֪
ŹӵԽԽڣʱ֧ԮܲӣҲѾͶսȻһʯ󺣣ûκεЧ
γǽܳԱǱϵģҲ֪ң֪ҵĴڡ
˵ĿŵĹ֮ǰģʲô壡
ֻǲ֪˶סˣԣһγܲӲ޲һ¶ҵҪ鱨
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ڴһǰڰ֮ǳһͣһ֮ǧˣð֮ǵһʤҲֻжʮͷõĽҲģҲͬĹ졣˵Ҷˣʵ̫ˡ
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Ҷ˵ӰķСϵ־˵Ҷˣǡ˵ʱ򣬾е˵ȥˡ
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϶ǣĽҶҵҶ˲ܻᣬ˭֪ҶҵһϲģԵģܻ似ħ̫ĳɾ͡ҡͷˣѾµĴ𰸡
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ϵͨǾ͸ûа취֪ˣŹӵ˿˿С׷Щ⡣
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УҶ˻صսһŹٵݸ̡
ڽ֮󣬱ϣĵ峺֮ɱĳе
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һȺȥˡ
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690 1
סЩˣֻҪһɣһԲƽ¥ɣȻѪ棬
ھ¥⣬ʿŽΧˣֻǣʱûн¥ԶԶġ
£Ҷ˻ԼԼˣ
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ԭΪѾȫˣ벻νİȫֻǱ˲ȵҪʱͲǾ롣
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ڸոգǽΧסŹӵ˵ʱҲΧסѪ壬Ƿ֣ԼΧ֮󣬷ʧȥѪӰѪ·ƾʧһ㣬Ǿ֡
Ǿʧ룬ѰѪʱѪȴȻŹӰߣһһذף˵Ĳϡ
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ŹҪǳµĻǿ϶Ǻ鷳û飬˵ΪŹӶԲãҲһ롣
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˻û˵ʱѾȷˣʲôϰ壬ҪǻҪˡ
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ʱҪ˵ԼĸܣҪҶˣѪȴʱͷ˵ûһð취¥Ҫˣ
ߣҪҪ𣿡
Ź˵ͬʱ嶯һ£һѽӿռָгģѪ岢ûս˵ĿռƷӰҲһӿռ֮гһذס


691 2
ʱŹӰǾңҶ˴Ĵ⣬ôҪ鶼ˣ˷Ļᣡ
ǾãǳɹֹסҶ˼еһˣǲԼԸɵҶ˼ˣѪҶ˶ûʲôġ
ֻҪƷһˣЮΪʣһͿҶͶֻܹԹԵͶ
Ȼһ̣ͻȻ֣Լļ϶һҶ˵ĳѪذס
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ǣԭİҶüĽгҪ¥ټǮ

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ûˣǿ˵ǣ˵ҺӰС㡣Ź˵Լ¶˻ԽͣҪǣˣǾ鷳ˡ
ԭǾǮѵͷǵЩҡҶ˵鵽˭ֻҪóԼˡ
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ʵѪҲˣҶ׬˺ܶ࣬Ĳǵãһ̰Ǿŵġ
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ҲԻԼӦúǻƴôˣһһʴ⣬ԵĻһҪ׬ٰ
Ȼ϶ǲļֵɲýǮһңҲһֵ÷
Ҳͬ⣬Ҹոֻ˵Ц˼Ź򶨵˵
ģҶ˺ؿŹӡ
ǲ˼ˣֻɱǣܵõطŹӵ˵һȻӡ
ŶС壬ɱǣҶһҲǵ˵

Ҫ
˶벻Ҷ˻˵벻ѪҲܸɴֱˣǸٶȣֹĻᶼûС

Źӵ۾ôģһӣֻ˵˵ѣҪԷɱԼ벻Ҷ˾Ȼɱǡ
û뵽Ҷ˻ĻɱԼɱеĳ룬ûǣûʣ˾ͲҪ˼ʲôˣֻƴȫȥԼ


692 ࣨ1
㣬ôɱǡ
ʱе㾪ֵؿҶˣҶʵ̫ˣ˵ɱ˾ɱˣԼ֮ǰҪҲһͬ³
ôˣԼ˵ɱǲܵõҪֻɱˣ˵ˣǲãҲǺˣҲûʲôáҶ˲ػص
Ҷ˵Щ˳ĬˣҪŹӰõĻһܺڣԼΪʲôҪҶ˶һóĶ֡
ΪɱǣҹӵЩܲˡ
ѵҪ𣿶ڵˣҪĴҶ˵˵ոҪɱǵĲŹӰûɣҲɱǡ
ûǵİΧ֮СҹüͬʱҲҶ˷ֿ롣
ôأЩ˻ֻǵùҶ˺˵
˭ǶҪɱǣϡ
ɱ
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˫׼ɱʱ򣬳ͻȻһµı仯ֻǱŵĴţײˣӿһȺˡ
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ʲô飿ЩҪСͷ̵⣬ɫҼˣҲɱˣûʲô˵ġҶ˵

ԣҶ˻ûĸ״ѶԷһȺɫ֮ͽǵ̰Ǿһˡ
üҵ˸еƣǾýԼҵģûʲôģԼҪҪִֵز
֪Ҷ˵ĻҲ뵽Ҷ˿ֻΪ˳Թ𻨸ģ¾Ź֣Ժģȥ˵ĵطҲǺġ


693 ࣨ2
ͬʱҶ˵ߣ϶һЩֱѪ϶ǣѪݣпܻӴ¥飬֪һЩĻҲǺġ
ţѪǰ֪Ŀûô࣬ڣ֪ľͺܶˣⶼԶ˵ġ
ǸСԺ㻹֪˰㵱˼ϸΪ֪̫ˣҪɱڣһҶˡ
ʲô֪ʲôҶеԺԼ֪ʲôġ

Ҷ˵Ӧüҵ˸ӾˣǾãҪǼ˵ȥһǸеġ
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һ̣ȫסˣڴҲ֪ԭҶ˾йϵĹϵȻ
ϰ壬ף
ʲô̻ŮѰӣ

ˣ˵ˣ㻹ʲôҪ֪ĺãȻᣬⲻҵ죬ӰôҲҶ˽ʲôҲͲʱҶ˵ӱӵʬ壬öһӾϳ˭
Ϊ˰Ҷ˻ش
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¥Ȼһû֮жԣܹʲô顣
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ʲôĵ̣֪ҶѾȻ˵Ѿˣ˵ȫҪ
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¥һЩ鷳ʡȥ鷳һ


694 ࣨ3
˸ϳȥЩԼѳУǮҶ˵ţ׼ȥһƱ
ЩǮĺˣһ˵ģֻǸҲգǾͲҵ顣ƱЦ˵
֪ҶȥĻһûˣԼȥĻУõٵ⳥
ҶﱻǰΧҪɱҶˣǼұҪвȻԲˡ
ǼҲһôһô⳥ԽǸԽܽƽȻĻʲôǾͲҪġ
һǺˣС쵰ֱǸǣ飬Ȩ˹ԼҪôС
ŶҲУ˸ȣвҪ˽Ҷ˴ߴٵ
УϣҶȻǵͷ˴ߴ٣˸߷ɣһǺģҪ˴ߴ١
С壬æҳЩԼǱȽУҶ˶ѪҪҳЩԼһ˿϶ǲеģΪôҪĶһղصĺأᱻ˷֡
Ѫ˵ⲻ⣬רҵģ
õģȥѪͷȻʧˣѾѪԱȥˣЩԼˡ
̣˰˶УǼһ̹𻨸⡣Ҷ˶̵ȻطȻҪˡ
֪ϰ壡̵ͷƺҶҪʲô
ŴҶСҲС֣Ҷ˵½ǣƺҪҶĴڡ
գȥ뵽һӣʺŵ硣ҶЦ˵Ȼȥոձݵ̨ϣЩ
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еʱҲ֪ˣ뼸ҵĳͻȻ֪ΪʲôԿ϶ҺҪùˡ
ЩҳԱǵͷɥһüӣ֪ȥʿҲһܺõ֤
ϰ壬ڵʲô̸㶨ʱ򣬿Ҷ̨ӱϣ˫գһַڵһܹӡ
ð𣿡Ҷ˻ش
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١Ҳû£̫ϲˣҪֻݾˣʲô⡣ҡҡͷ˵̫̬Ҷ˵ıʵνġ
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ϰ壬˵Уû˸еˣҶҵ˲ˣֻǺҪģͲˣҪ׺ˡ̺ڴؿҶˣҶ˵ҶȻӡ̣ʱ飬ҲҪһΣҶѾˡ
װǸϲʺϵģ̫ˣ׺һ㣬˸е졣Ҷҡҡͷ̵顣
죿ôһ㣬оǲ˱ҲһֻҪ˼סͺˡ̿ҶˣȻеڴ
ʱˣһҪϣķݣҶ˵ֲŪ˼á
ҵķݣҲãǲҪűĿˣ費ҪĸģҪһ㡣
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ˣҪȫ𣿡Ҷ˿һۣЩݺݺվ棬γһķ羰ߡ
ʱЩݺݺҲǿҶˣǵ֮гɻǻе㲻飬ôͻȻ֮Լϰ塣
ˣЩ˲ԸѾЩˡӦǵˡ˵Ȼ¥ʵģЩ¥Ů֮УȻˡ
Щ֮Уһ沨ģһ˾¥ģЩǱȽҪһˣ֪֮Ҳ뿪
߾߰ɣҲûҪ˵˼Ҷν˵СǰԼҳ֮Ͱǣɣ

ʲô˵ʲô˵ҪǣҪɣ


695 Сã1
ʲô˼
ЩݺݺɻǽͷӶʼţȥ²Ҷ˵Ŀġ
ôӵĻ֮ǣҶһĿĵģܻԼӵӡ
һܾϵҪƶµĸϸ
˿̣Ҷ˲ûйЩݺݺ뷨ֻ̨ӵıԵãͬʱҲȥѡһȽó
Ҷ˽һ̣һʱζͿʼˣȻе죬ǻĸоˡ
ʱҶ˵ĺ֮ø˶ʼעйҲ˽Ҷ̡
Ȼû˾Ҷ˺䣬˵Ҷѡһɵӣǿܻܡ
ֻǣҶһѡ̫ˣָо
ѪʱҲˣѾˣȻҲҶ˵
ȻҶ˵ҲЧģѪӿ˽ŲҶ˵ߡ
̨µЩݺݺ࣬ڿҶ˵һЩ棬ҲһЩøУǶٶһɣͬȻкøС
ɣ׺ζɣҪټϼĻǾͲˡҶڵ֮󣬱һһŵ˵ʱ򣬾ѧҶһ̨ӱϣ˫գĸо
ţܲϰ壬һţ̵ͷʱѾͬӡ
ǵȻˣȻôϰ塣Ҷ˵
ϰ壬һأܲҲһ¡̿Ҷˣ˫֮гڴˮʮԡ
ҪĻҲԣҶν˵ţͿʼĲŪá
˵ɣ˸еسʹо
ڣˣΪʲôҶҵ˻ộΪʲô֮ǰ÷裬ΪһֱԼߵĻҲܲˡ
ڴʱ˶Ҷ˵סˣ˵ĸо޷԰Σḻģйʹģڴ˿̣˫֮Ѿˮ
Щݺݺ࣬ڶҶ˵ĸоѾǺøпݣһֳԣһֳݡ
˿̣֮УֻҶ˵

棬ҲвٵҶ˵ҪҪһ㣬ʿ޷Խ׳һ
ҺãеӣҶ˵ҲС˵㣬ûɻңȻĻǸܻǺء

գûзκεƺڻζţָооþòɢȥ֣Ƕš
ֱǡ
ϰ壬̫ˣƺҶ˵һ㣬һӦóݵµҶˡ
̱Ҷ˵߾Ѿˣ˵ǽӴҶַˣ˻С̣Ҷ궼ࡣ
ţġҶ˵ͷ

Ҳ˵㣬˵ӣ㲻ҪԼûޡϻ˻ģǿɰ
˸Ҷ˵
Ųǣ˵
û˵ȨȻҳ㣡Ҷ
ߣҳ㣬һȥ߽ãҪչ̾С˵
ҰչҰȫˣ
ң
ԿֻܼңҾûˣҵġ


㣬еԼѪز廰ȥҶ˵Ļûʲô壬Ҫá
ŶǶѾֺ˰Ҷֽսָ֪չٴˡ
ţҶ˽Щ˳ȻһıЩ¥ŮûԼȻ˵Щ¥ŮӶеɻ󣬵ûԼȻ˵
Сʲô˼ѵҪɢȺˣ¥ôӪȥԽԽԾֹ
ôӪȥʲô顣Ҷ˺ܲ˵

ȫĬˣܼӻĹܼҵģһóȻڰһӽһ
УĵطﲻУ뾭ӪȥЩ˲ܽɢԵ֪Ҷ˵Ը񣬻ĵطܻ֧֣ȴС
ɺܼ򵥣ط̫Ҫˣ
ƸԱҪǣҲ顣Ҷ˵ڼЩ
ˣǻԸ𣿡Щε˵ҪֹҶΪȴ֪Լֹˡ


696 Сã2
еģǰҲһһϰ塣ʱ򷢻⣬ȨԵġ
Ҳֻһ֡˵
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Ҷ˵һһЩɷźܸĲŮҪҶˣҪѧϰ㲻ܸҶˣҲǿԵġ
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ܼ򵥣ԽԵõĶǾԽ԰ΣԽ⣬ͬʱҲͻԽϧ


697 Сã3
̵ûֻҪЩﶼһԵʣÿ˱һգɣ赸ǡ
ʽܶҲѧǵĳɼһ¥Ϊ¥ĹﲻɫףҲǷǳĸߣҲôһң޷ֺš
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Ҳ֪ǲԩ·խҶ˱Ҫȥҵ㶫ģû뵽ˣҶһһһűʯҶʤȻܲˬˡ
Ϊˣֳһ־磬ŷ֣ԭԷԼıã磩
⻹Ҷ˷ֵģȻⲢҶ˷ӦˣСòûмҶ˵ĿǸʱҶСһһֱǿСԾġ
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ƺҲ˵¥ĵط֪һʲôĵط


698 𱬵¥1
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699 𱬵¥2
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ЩҶ˵ˣҶȻǲʲôĿҲãȥ
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700 𱬵¥3
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鷳ǲġʿ˵
ǺðɣǾ͸ŰɣˣǾͲҵˡҶЦЦȻܿͽǰ
Щʿ̸ȥǰô࣬Ҷ˽ȥ֪᲻ΣգǻΪҶ˻ţֻǲ˽ҶˣҶŽųģ
ʱҶ˸Ҫȥǰ˶ĵطΪҪЩ˶˦ȻԽԽá
Ҷ˳ǰʱ򣬺ܿͱ˸ˣһ˵ķУоҪ
ϰ壿ôˣеĻʲô˼̨ϱݵĹǿҶˣе㲻Ҷ˵˼ϾҶʱûгֹ
Ҷӣ̸̸ܲ
̸
ҶӣҵģҪ
ʲôұ㣬˵ġ
Ҷӡ

Ҷ˱˰ΧˣһȺǸһһܾˣͬʱҾе֣ҶԼΧˣΪʲôȺ߶Ҹ˵ĸоͺ赲ش󲽿ߡ
˵٣Խͣȫˣô϶֮йȥģһߵôɣ
ϰ岻ϰ壬̫˧ˣϰ壬Ұ㣡
̨ϣһٵľɫ˶Ҷ˺ܿͱʾǹȥˣЩСڿҶ˳ֵʱ򣬾Ϳʼˡ
Ҷ˹ӣûȤԼᣡ˼ĹС㡭
ûȤ
Ҷˣ̸һɣ󵨵ĹС㡭
̸
ҶˣҶˣҰ㣬ǽɣ뺷ĹС㡭

˼δˣ


ү
ȺʿҪȥƺûҶ˵Ǹȫûа취ӵȺ֮ǰֺ
ܿ죬ǾͷҶѾҪʧˣʱǻţΪ滹֧Ԯ֪ͨˣСĿҶ˾ˡ
ֻǣ飬ǷԼҲˣΪҶ˾Ȼڱ˵֮УڴҵĹע֮ʧˡ
أҶأ
ҶˣװҶأ
ϰ塭

Ŀ֮£Ҷ˲ˣ˶ʼߣȴôҲҲҶ˵Ӱ˸еʮֵɻ
ǲ֪Ҷ˵ʲô취ʧģֻ֪Ҷʧʮ֮ҲҶ֮Ҳͷˣոյ顣
ͷʹˣҪǱ֪Ǹ˱үǸô찡ʿż˵õ֪֮龰ǾԲҪġ
Ϊʿţô᲻֪Ҷ˵簮⻹ãҪǳʲô״һᷢ쭣
𼱣ող˵Ҫȥʹ׷ȥˡһʿѵֻҪ֪Ŀĵأȥ˻һ򵥡
԰ôû뵽ǻʲôȥ׷
ȥ׷ˣֻﷳգֵܵĵȻҪ㷳ˣ
ҿ

ȸʹҶշת֮ΰĽȺıϣʱƺеڣڽ˸˦Ҫȥ·ط
Һãȸʹ󣬲Ȼ鷳ˡ
ΪҶʿźܿգǰ·Ĺţһ·Ҷ˵Ӱ
ô֪Ҷһʼߴ·ˣתתʹڵĻʹＸҲ˵Ҷҵ˹ţҲڵĹźܴľ룬زҶ˵ġ
ʣǻʹ𣿡Ҷҵһţſ󣬿ǱȽϲҪţȻԹŶԣһĴŻй֮޲
ǵģȻ֪ĻǾͲҪ˵һܸεĻƽ


701 ֣1
Ҫȥ軨ҪŽ԰ҶֱӵҲԼݣҪжѡ
˼ʾ֤ͨ
ҪͶȥǾһҪ֤ͨһɹǹеԱˣȻҲʱһ㶼֤ͨȻͬһȥ
֤ͨûУˣ𣿡ҶͻȻ𣬵ȸʵһƣԵǲһͨȸκεطʹ
ʵûȸʵ۵ƣҶֻҪóƣҲһЧУѪҲһֻ֪Чȸʵ۸Ӧÿԡ
ˣ룡
ҶóƵʱǸֻ̹˵ʽûмģȨǳ֮ߵƣȨڳ͢κһ󳼣Ҫ˵ʹǵʹû⡣
ҲΪƼûз벻ǰ꾹Ȼһö˲ò࣬øոûеȻô֪ˡ
Ƶ٣һ׹߿ԼģԣԲ
ţ鷳ˣ
Ҷ˽ӹƣòظлһ¡
鷳Ա㣡
ţ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ߽ʹļȥѰ԰·ʵѲ֮ͰƸɴ䣬ʵʱͻָָơ
ڿ֮ЩһȻǵ顣
һҶڻʹ֮תһȦӣûнӽǸ԰е㷳ˣҪҸ˴·
ֻǣûұ˵ʱѾˡ
ǰСվסʲôˣôһŻתתȥ
һеĹ˳֣˴ʮңòޣһֻĹźǻҲģʹģһġ
˵߻һһŮˣеĿжʮͷһӢӣֻ֮Źһİ˿ŲǺ
Ůʮ߰Ůü֮żƣӦ˵Ů
ͻģҲ԰λˣ֪֪԰ʲôطҶ˶˵İ⣬ֻǺòʵ
ͻģʹô£ΪʲôһͻĵߣҲ˿ţ˺ܲмؿһҶˣһͻģùʣô߹ˣʱ䡣
Ҷ˿һۣȻתȥˣǰ˺ûòԼ԰ȴƫƫҪ˵顣
ҪǣҶ˿Ǹ˶ԼĲмø˵ʲôˡ
󵨣һû˵ȥ˿ҶеŭˣҶڿԼ
ʱҶ˸ûǹˣֻǶ˼԰ʲôλá
ðȻѾˣҲһСӲҷǹ˰ĸоˡ
ͻСӣĸ¹ǸǾͲƽ񣡡ͬĹӵͳ˵
ұ𣿡Ҷ˲ںػص
˵ʲô˴ʵһס
ҵĻ˵ôôҲǱҶҡҡͷȻ˼
Сӣѻ˵ˣôˣǰͻȻҶ˵ǰҶ˵ǰһȻӡ
ҲҪ˵ȣҽˣȴСӣⲻ𣿡Ҷɫƺа˵ĸо
ߣһͻСӣȻҽʲôСѾܿˣǹ˼
Σطôߣ㲻˵ͰˣΪʲôֿ˵ң񡣡Ҷ˼˵
СӺ˼ҿѾˣǹȻǲмǰ
У˵Һûҵ飬ҲҪͬ⡣ҶҲû˵İֻǽԼҪ˵Ļ˵ꡣ
ͱҪҵͬ⣬㲻һͻģû㵽ߵȨǹͷҶıǿס
Ϊʲôֲңϲô߾ôߣҶ˵УˣıǿײÿǸˡ
һеߵҵļң
ŶǻϵţҶʵ
ϵţ˵ǹģûľûġ
Ҳǣ
Ůܣôϣϵİ̲Ųࡣ
Сӣ˵ϣ


702 ֣2
ΪʲôңȷˣŶҪϡҶ˵仰ʵ̫һԱȣò˵Ҫһ㡣
㡭㡭Ĺ˱ҶùǺ
˵ֱ˷ʱ䣬һȥҸ˴ȥ԰ټŶûǱټˣÿһ᲻ˬҶ˵ž׼ȥ
޼ɣСӵݴҪ֪´λҲô񣡣Ĺܻ˵
ûôֻ֮ǰһЩ飬Ҷ˲ı£ȫˡ
Ըݸ߹˽ѵˡ
ǣĸףǸ޼ɵİӦֵȷʺ޼ɲǱʾûмɵģҲпǰˡ
ӣ˵䣬׼ˣ
£Ҷֹ
ôˣǲǺˣڻüֻҪǸԼԼʮ¾ˡǹ˵
û㣡ֻҪ㣬Ҫͻûʱ棬»ҪȥУʱ䣬ҲǣҸӣĵ̡Ҷ˵Ȼƹǰӡ
ˣңǰŭ׼ˡ
ţ
һβҶ˵˵ǸһֱûпڵŮ
ôãǰʵ
磬еĻƯˣ㣬ѻңҾҸŹ㣡Ů˵һĮӣûпҶһۡ
ĸŮŮҲһ֮ˣȻô᲻ȥֹҪҶеĻ
˼⻨ǸСõģûķݣҶ˻ش
͸СãĸСŮڵĹŮԽԽûйأȻҰ˴˵ƺҶʲôԭΪиСŮ
СùŮһҲеģСӽ
Ů˼˵ֱ˷ѾҶ˲˵ʲôˣֱˡ

Ҷ˵ʱ֮ǰڲװİɵˣΪԼȻסһͻСӣȻԼ߹ȥˡ
޼ɣ磡ʲôôˣĸŮͬʱ˵

û˵øոԼǸʧȥĻһԽҶ˸
ֻǣԼ׷׷ҶˣҶ˷·һԼǰߣԼĻҲ죬ԼҲ
Թ٣ٶȼӵ죬Ҳһ޷׷ϣеľѣ
ˣҶ˲򵥣ܽʹˣҲһˣǧҪѲ
޼ɣôˣôˣǹʵ
ĸףǸͻСӲ򵥣׷ò£
ܰɣ㶼òǡôһͻģһ⣬֪ͨǣи߻ϣ˵ҶǱĿĵˡ
ǣ
Ǻʹ֮оͿʼҶˣǸʱҶû˵ĵطԴҲ֪ҪȻͣˡ
ܿ;˻ϣҲ֪ʲôʱһ˽ȥ̽
ǵˣ
ҶһκˣȻҵ԰ʱ԰û˿ţ֮ǰǹ˾Ҷ˵ȥ԰˵ģԲûṩ
ǾãҶӦȥһСŮոҶ˲˵ҪСãĻǾӦǸˣ֪Ҷ˵ǰѶ԰
Ҷ˽ԭǸλãһֱţûбռˣ⵹ҶʡĲ١
ţҶ˽ϵȥ׼۲һ£ȷûֱ֮뿪
ʱ䣬ҶûڱŪһС¯ӣȻ԰֮տˡ
򰡣ԡ
ҶһˢŽͣһ߷תżᣬһߺ߳ţʮֵȻԵãҪǱ֪ĻһΪ֮ץ
԰㾹Ȼ￾򣡣
˵԰֮տĲûˣֺã˱ֻᱻʵ֮⣬һжô
ףʲô
Ҷż׼ҧʱͻȻ۽֮пһ

Żˣ
ڻʹ֮УҶͻ˵ʱͻȻ˴УתƵһ
Ż˻˴ģҽУһüʹ֮Уÿط¶չ˵ģȻ÷ġ
ǣ̺ô󰡣û˴
ʲôʲôط
԰




703 ֣3
ʲôǸСܵ԰ŻˣǷȸ۹û𣿡ȸʵе㲻ˬ˵ȻһһһٶȣͳǸ԰
̣ҵĻ԰̡ҵĻ԰ŻˣСÿŨ̴һᣬȻͼææس˳ȥ
Ƕֶѵ԰֪λ˭ңû£ȥô£СõӰ̫ЦЦҲ˹ȥ
ĸףոǸС˵ȥ԰òȥɡӿŨ˵
пܣǻǹȥ˵㣬Ҳ˹ȥ
һ˿ʼۼҶڵ԰֪԰еô£ҶѲ˹ϵ

ʲôˣΪﵷң
ȸʵ԰ʱ򣬾ͿԼΧһ꣬ǱѬ꣬òӺǱ۾治ĺۼɵġ
ҶˣֻûϳϤҲһϵóοȸʵֻ档
ҡȿȡҶҪ˵ֻʱǺˡ
ҵĻ԰˭Ҫ˭ƴǲ㡭ʱСҲ԰ڱѬץˡ
Ҷ˱˰Χм䣬СȻ뵽Ҷ˾֣ҪȥҶƴˡ
ȥʲô֪ǲ֪أ̫Сõ֣еôһСá
ǣҵĻСúʹ԰չˣĶ϶ģİãҲѪ
Ǹոһ軨ߵСӣϵ·Сӣ㻹ĸ԰ˡָҶ˴
ʱ˷ܣΪ֪ԼڶԳˣҶ˽־ôˣһˡ
㲻Ҳãôˣ㻹ô
ȿȣΪʲôȿȣֻ۾ҰˡҶ˷еԣеɳƣԭе㲻һˡ
ΪոձѬõģԵ̫ŻŹһͻָˡ
ҽƱ磬ô˿ţ㻹˵ûǸʵ
ú˵˵ǶҶ˿ϵˣе֣ƺûôĶҲǺġ
⻹˵ȻץģˣϻûпڣǸ˾ѾˣûϱҪʵĻҲֻܷŻȥˡ
Ů˺÷Ϊʲôÿζô񣡡Ҷ壬Ƿе˵
Ȼ˵̫ҲͬҶһ㣬ǰһ㣬ֲ˵ֻǿԼ˵ϣҲһ㡣
ֻǣҲϲ˵ˣô˵Լˣô˵ء
ԣȸʵ۵üͷ͸ˣҪ˵ʲôˣֻǣһֱǸ˻
󵨣㾹Ȼ˵֪֪˭ǹŭ
ո˵ˣļң㲻ǻšôϣ϶ĳ֣Ҷһۡ
ꡭ
Ҷ˵ȫ˶̲סЦ̫̲סˣ˵Ҷ˭֪ȻҶ˵֣ʵ̫ϲˡ
ʱһȸʵۣʱƤҲǹ졣
ˣ˸ɱˣǹŭܻӾͺҪҪըһ
ɱңһʸҲûɡҶ˵ʱеĲɣŵڼʲô
ʸҲʲô֣ĹǹŭǻҹȥѾˣҲǹǿһͻС𣿡
ʱ˵Ļ֮жֻǰ˼Դ˱ʾǸ˵ء
ǹҲһҪϵĻ϶ûлϵôܶ
Ѿ޵ĹǾ͸ûȨˣ
Ҷ˴ؿǸˣɻ
ǰôˣǲǺˣСӣǹ˿Ҷ˵ӣΪҶǺˣпʼе
ô˵ǻϵġ
ʱ򣬹˵¶֮ɫôԵ飬СӦˣӦú˰ɡ
ֻǣܿ뷢ΪҶ˽ֱ֣ͱġ
ùã
飡
ȫء
ȸʵ۵˼£ǰСӺԼǸеһƴȻᣬо񡭡
Ѳɡ


704 1
ùã̫ЦˣùáСʱЦţ·ȫЦЦ
ѵ𣿡Ҷ˴ʵ
ùǹùãҵĹùãǸ׵ĹùãǸ׵ãСЦ˵û˵֣Ϳһǹˣǹ˺޲Сһ١
ιСѾͷƭңҪ㸸ϡҶе㲻š
ûƭ㣬Ǹ׵ãȻȸһ㣡УҪСѾͷҲСˣСþ֣
Ҷ˿һǸ˵Ȼתͷ˵һǲţ

ǹ˵ԽԽڣеԼˡ
ĸףǷźֿҪʧݡ˵ŮĮ˵һҶˣֻǺơ
磬㻹ȥСɱˣѵ㿴ұ裬𣿡˰ìͷָһ߿Ϸȸʵۡ
ãҲ˵С˵ĻȻе㲻ʣҲʵǻŪ˵ȸʵ˵
ʵѵô𣿡ҧҧԹ
ȿȣСӣ˵ʲôġȸʵۿҶˣȵ
ͻĳ˷Ҫң±⼸Ū˾͸͹ˣȻҾ͹۲һ£û¾һ¼û뵽Ҷ˵
ʲôҵ԰￾򣬹ֲǸ򡭡ȸʵۿҶеһѾ뵽ˡ
磬ô˵ô֣Ϲ˵ʲô￾Ϲ˭ţ˲мҶ˵Ļȫƭ˵ġ
ʵ˴󲿷ֵ˶ҶϹ˵֪ǰҶ˵Ļһš
Ҷʲôɲ԰տûڴտѾܸˡ
ţĻȸʵ˵
ʲôе㲻ԼĶ䣬ʵ
ûʲôСӣͻûĿģȸʵۼʵ
ûУҶҡҡͷ
СӣѵͲ˭ȸʵŭҶ˵𰸺ǻ
СӼ˭ǼСùŮͻġ磬˻ɱΪãĻԣʱ򣬹ƺûиоȸʵ۵ĻΪʲôҪҶ˷ˡ
ʲôСùŮССãǡȸʵҪ˵Ҷ˵ݣֻʱ˴ˡ
ͬʱɻ˭СӦĻϴʶģļ֮УСֻһˣСֶŮ
ûǱϵС
ôܣССĻ˭
ܿ죬˾֪ˣΪʱС÷һС
ҵĻ
СþţܵҶ߲ԶĵطҶ͹̻˫ȫǣһ˷ܵӡ
˰ɣҪĻѾ͹ˣԺҡʱҶ˵Ҳָ
ҲŲ㡭磬Ǳ磬㣬˼ҵĶңȻҸ̣νģͻȻҶ˵еϤҶ˭
ǣҶ˵ߣץҶ˵ֱ۲ţһҶ˾ˡ
ǶĵģŲ㣡ҶֱӻصҡҪ˦
أ̣۸ˣװһίӣ̫
ҹܲˣ㻹Լ㶨ˣСÿﶼҪɧңУôҲ֪ͨһҪһߣ̫߹ȥһҶ˵Դ

仯󲿷ֵ˶еתˣǹĸˣǴؿҶˣǶ֪Ҷ˵˭ôû̫϶
ӻ̫̬ȣе谮ǰСӡ
ҡҶҪش𣬲̫ȴֻó˿ΪҶ˲ǻҳǵĶ˶ףǰԻ̫˵ҪҪ
ô鷳Ҷ֣һ֣Ȼ˶ԡڹâ֮У˲âɢȥͱúܸɾܸɾϵЩҲˡ
˭
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֵǲʶҶˣϾҶ˴û¶棬ϴȻ䶯ǸʱС
Ҷˣ
Ĺӡ
ԭ
ǿϴϴ˯ˡ

Ѿ֪Ҷ˵ݣôҲû뵽ԼͻСӵˣȻҶˡ


705 2
ˣǶȥɣȸʵЩΧ۵ĹڶɢˣѾûʲôˡ
նӣ
ܿɢȥˣϴһ֪ɢʲôطƽʱ·ʱ򣬸оûô࣬һˣϳһصġ
ǻʹһ빬ƺ
ɢȥ֮һЩˣ˹ĸ⣬м˺￴ģݲˣǶҪʶһҶˡ
Сңô˭ģôҲû̫ͨҶʵҪ֪
Ҷһʹһ˶ֳ֪ô飬Ҷ˵˼ˣҲûԼ˼ܲġ
ĸףⲻˣ㿴ơȸʵʱ˵ȷҶ˵ݣҲһҪ֤ΪֻҶһˡ
ԭֲûͨһҲǵģһģͨƾͺˡ
ҲãϻƣԼġȸʵҡҡͷش
ˣһδ󲿷ֵ˶ʶˣԺ˼ס˾ͨһˣ´βֲߣ֪Ҫⳡ𣬹Ƕ֪̫˵
ˣҪˣǼģҶ˼̫˵ͿʼҪˣֻ̫ץţûа취뿪
ʲôߣôʲô˾סһ
ҪȥˣҶҡͷ
ôżȥʲôûʲô顣̫ǲҶˡ
һȥǸ׼ٵĽĿ㲻ҪĻҿһνҶʼ
ǵģȥɣ´Ҫǲ˵һСҴƨɡ̫֮£ֻܷˣҶ˶˵Ϊˣѵȥֹ
Ŷһ˵һġҶ˵ͷ˵һȥ˵һˣȻͿˣȻ鷳һ㣬Ҳνˡ
̫Ҫ֪Ҷ뷨һǰҶ˵ƨɡ
ˣλټСãܱܲңңҾʹ¥ˣҶҪ˵ʱ򣬷ץԼ

㻹ĸ˵Żϵ棬˵Ҫѹ¥
ң̵Ҳ̷ˡ
ң㣬һأҶ˵ȻˣһܵӰ٣ҪƵġ
ߺߣ磡ţȻȥĻݲˡ
ɢ˰ɣҪʶСӺѣӦȥҰֻҪϵˣСȻˡ̫һЩЩʧˣ֪ЩҪʲô
ң㵽ʲô̫ȥͬʱǸ
ĸǵɫеƺԸոյ鲢û̫⡣
ûˣǵͻСҶΣһ
ҲΪҲεĽ˵һ飬û̫ȸʵ۶˽顣
̫صû˵ʱʣҪӣû뵽ǻһڸĵӣԼʲôط֪
Щ֮У̫ʵ۶ѾˣҶһûУҪ˵Ҷ̫ˣҲԼģֻˡ
Ҷһʼͺò֮Ҳûʲôݵ飬ȴռԼݣ˰ҶԺҪƽϵĻĸ˻վ
㲻ģҲҹڹܽ㣬˵˵ʲôӣŮһ̫˵
ˣıﲻ֪ڻʹﵽߣطô˵һ£֪ƫģǲģȻˡ
ȻߣûиңȻһ㣬ģһḺԭ㲻ԭҲ̫˵
㿴㻹ƫģ֪Լߵ
㶮ʲôʹˣҲ⣬ΪǵģҪҪ࣡ȸʵʱ˵
ʲô˼һëͷСܸʲôʵ
㲻ǰܴۣĻҶ˶ôãôƣ޼ǲʶ㻹ܲʶ𣿡ȸʵЩʧ˵
ûҶƺԣһʱʱҲһ֣ᷢҶ˶ԳôãȻûз֣˵Ŀ˵ĳ̶ȡ
֮ǰЩ֮ûĻȥҲɻΪǰҶǿƣȻûȷϹ֪ģҲܷ񶨵


706 3
У¬ɪҲǴΪѵûҶ˵𣿡ȸʵۼ˵
֪һܵС𣿡˵
ܣûǵܣȥÿطõÿط֧֣ʥǣ岿䣬۹ÿϵУӵǿ󵽲˼һ㣬˶ΪС
ʲô˲ģѣϵĻҲСһһҵ޼ӣѡʱǲ˵
ҵĻӣҶС쵰ǰҲȫ޼ɿԱˣ˵ȥٱѵҲῴ֮ǰǼܵΪʲô뿪ǾΪҶ˽ύύ⼸ȥҶж٣޼мȸʵǳʧˣһЩ뿪ˡ
ˣǺúɣ̫ʱҲ˵ʲôˣŮֲԼģģԼزѾܲˡ
ҪܵĻҲӦȸʵܣѾˣô
ȸʵ̫ȥ֮ĸƺǲԸʵȻ֪Լ֮󣬼ûӹԼˣҶ֮ǰһöײˣĻŻô
ϸ룬԰ݷõ˵ҶƺҪʤǣǲϣֲòϵġ
ʱ򣬻ûȥչŻݵͻȻ˵һ䣺Ҷ˱ÿ춼ǧȥãһ˵ġ
ǧˣţɣ
Ļĸ˶ڴţôǧˣѵȫȥݷ
ǾãȻûǧˣܻеİɣԼʮ˶ûС
ʵǲ֪ûѣ޳˲޹ؽҪˣȻĻһ㡣
ÿ춼ôˣΪÿ춼ҶˣԲŻÿҶֲ˵Ը񣬹ǧ˶Ҫʧˡ
ҶԽ㣬ĸˣԽԽʼɣԽǾԼˣ
һˣռԼݵλǰȴּ˱Լ㣬ʼɣǺޣ
ˣҶȫӣԶɲ˴£󻵵ʸûУһɹˣǺ˻ǻˣȾӦһſģ̡
ĻǾѾǻˣǾۣ
˵ĻһҲһ

ܿ죬ʱ͵˻̫磬峿ʱҶ̵˾Ѿǰʹ֮Ϥһ»
ҶǻҶһģ̵ҪĲţԾˣ͸ɴ˯¥ڶһȥ
ҶһνҶߵĻֻܶʣôˡ
Ҷ˲ڵĻ˶ҶˣǳΪǣҶ˾æ͵У
ǸʱҶ߹һΪҶǹܵģһ¾һҶʡ
Ҷ˽ȥأǻʹ֮һ͹㳡Ǵ֮ǰĹ㳡Ѿˣ⼸ڶʱﲼõġ
ǰ㳡ɲܳʱʹãֻøһհգڽ裬ҹ֮ǰҪ
˵ϯλҲнģͶ棬ȸʵ̫ڴ֮ǰһΣ̨׵ǰ棬Ӹ߶¿ˡ
ҲȻģΪʵۣȻҪ棬˿Ŀǵľٶ
ͬʱֿһЩ룬ҲΪ˰ȫûлȥɱʵۻ̫
Ҷ˺Ȼڳ֮վţⲢûдǻߵǣΪûеʱ䣬ûл̫ʵϯκ˶ǲϯģֻڱϵĳĽ̸
㣬ǸСأĲ֪ǱûãȵشкȻǰǴûмҲһ
ȸûж֪ǻˣҲ˵ôһ
ûкһ𡣡ЦŻص
飿ѵ˵첻𣿡ʵ
ǵģΪĸٵĽĿʱϳ
ҾҪĿԴˣ
Ҳ⼸Ӷ˵Ǹ˼
ǺǣһҪ
ЦЦûټ˵ˣܸоֻӦԼѣ˶֪Ҷһʿȴ֪ɷһźܸߵ衣
ҲΪǾҶ˵ֻһֻǻ̫ҪӣҪʲôǧžҶ˵ֻͨͨҲһܸˡ
Ȼ˵̫ȷģҶ˵ʵȴԲͨͨġ


707 и⣨1
ͬ黹ڼҶ죬Ҷ߹ҲһҶˣҺǵӦǷǳǿǶӦ
ʱҶ̵һߵȴȴǰϤ곡֮ȥһ£ֻǣȴ̫˵㣬ѾȥһСʱˡ
ϰ壬ǰ˵ô°ôˣѵݻ𣿡̰ŵש
ҲӳɡҶСһͱϣڻһ䡣
̿Ҷˣе㵹ǺУһҲš
Ҳǣôݶνʲô˵ˣʵģʲôء
ϰ壬յһСϢһᣬһСܵҶߣҶ˾˵
ʲôҶ̧ͷһСŶĹﰡѾѧԣСϢˡ
Ů˰Ȼϣ
ˣΪʲôЩ鱨֯ϲ¥ĵطΪŮռ鱨̫ǿˡ
˵ǰиţڴ½ҪռŵطЩСȥСص
ʲôţҶ˵ʵ
šСشյֻô࣬ȥ̽һ£Сȥ̽ϢˣҲ˻ûҪʡ
Сϰ壬ô죬𣿡ʵ
ˣǶȥǰȣҪˣʵģû⣡Ҷҡҡͷֱ˵
Ҳã̵㣬ͬҶ۵㡣
ţҶ˾Ͱ֮ǰߵСйʮһˣǵĽĿֻҪʮˣȻʮȻҶˣҲͲˡ
ʮһﶼǲ¥֮õģҲһһˣ
ôˣѵ𣿡Ҷ˵ҪȥҶһȴЩ˾ʵ
ˣǵĿҪرĶУЦŻش΢Цòѧһ顣
ǲҪԲȣֻǺ뿪ģֻܵĵط˺ܺĵѵ
ллģҿԵߵġҶڻشžʹŮ뿪ˡ
Ǹһʼҡͷ̾ϢΪҶһڣᱻظϻֻȴܾȣЩûκε赲Ҷ˵ͨС
⵽ô£ѵ˵˵
ɻֻɻܿͱ׿ˣΪ˹ȥˡ
ʲôܹȥΪʲôոյЩ˿Թȥȥ˱棬ָҶȥıӰ˵
Ȩʹûȥĵطش
˭ȥһʹûвȥĵط˵һ򵥡
˭ǲùܣֻԼͺãػش֪ܲ͸¶Ҷ˵ݣԻǲ˵Ϊ

ףܵܣôˣҶӦ˵ʱͻȻҶ˵ĳ֣ЩֱӹȥҶˡ
𣿡ϵˣҶˣҪύҶ˵ˣ̿Ҷȥĵط
˶Ҷ˴ʮһĹЩ㣬ǿɰһ֣Ե
ɣô˹ΪȫĽŹ֡
ȻҶ˲֪ЧֻǱߵˣҵ㶫ԳԣҲΪҲģֱʳ̨ӹȥʳͳԣȫ˵Ĵڡ
úܶ˶еգҲúܶ˸еҶ˵ֱˬɰȻҲúܶӣˬ֮ķӦǸʽ
ܵܣǱߺ𣿡ҶҶ˵ߣҲһʳ˼ڣǱҶ˸Ⱦġ
ûãˣ󣬰ѳذռţЩСŶȻҪߵšҶ˵ֻǳһʵûκεо
Ҷ˻Ϊֵȥ𣿲ᣬҲֵ
㲻˰߿ĵ̣Ҫôô԰ûκε⡣ҶЦ˵
԰飬ҶȻѾյϢ鷢ûжãǾѾ֪ˣԴҲΡ
԰ˣҺǵЩ˵ˡҶ˴˵ͷڻ顣
Ǹ仰Ҷ˵ģһ߿Ҷ˵֪ʲôطðġ
Ǹ԰ҾӦҪҵлҶҡҡͷ
ҵĻ԰Ҫл磬Ҹ㣬ҪǿͻķϣҪǿЩֻǱѬˣûʲô󰭣һᡭ˵ʱһʱ֮ҲҪ˵ʲô


708 и⣨2
һôҶ˺ʵ
һҧ㣡ȥץҶ˵ֱۣ׼ҧһھһ¡
ҶץС֣һˤؽˤ˳ȥ
ʹؽеȻе㹦ӣҲǱȽʹģ˫۾Ҫˣʮֵϧ
ҶˣĲ֪ϧôɰŮôˤȥ
Ҷˣǵģϧ֪𣿡߹ʱҲҶ˵ıϡ
֪˵ˣұãҪϧ𣿡

ȫǱõĻǵȷҪ۸һҲ
ðɣǣ˭ռǵĵطǲ֪߹ҲĻϾֻҪ֪˭ô󵨣Ҷһߵôá
ûע⣬̣ǸʲôҶ˻شԴȫĲ⣬ҪҪҶ˺ÿĻҶӣһơ
ΪǷ֣ǵļƻȫûõģ˼Ҹϣ㵱£
ţ½ľ֮һҲǺġ̻ش
ţǡ߹Ҷ˶һ£ӶԷ￴Լ顣
ţո˵ģŮڵľţʱһߵ΢΢ü
鲻һɺϣо˹ԼĶӣԣеһˬ
ûŮ֮ǰҶ˼ģǸĮŮŵСĽΪŵѾ꣬Ҳ˳Ϊڶ׷Ķ
һŰռųأ⣬֪ҶҲҪμӣ֪Ҷ˻Լĺ棬ʱ䡣
ãǲ˵ʲôΪǹŮ֮Ůû˸ҶôңǾŵЩǲ
ֻǣ֪ҶҪǼƽϵĻһѿΪ˫Ҫ£ֻҶ˵ģ֮Ů
Ҷ˲ûмƽʲôЩûʲôȤ˼ϲþͶãùܡ
Ҳ֪Ҷ˾Ȼֱ뿪ûȥŽ棬׼õʽͱˡ
ǰǼϾŵǿȫ½ľţЩϺзԱȵġʹóأֻ˷Դѡ˵
ЩĴ˵ĶУڸԶҶ˵ˣʱȻҶ˵ߡ
Ҷ˵ɫһ䣬ҪϷӡ
ֻǣȴ֣ΪĵҶˣʱżӵʳȫû⡣
ǲǸû
ܵܣʲô
Զ緹ûأʳﹻ࣡ˣŶȥˣĽ˿ܺóԵġҶڻش
˳Ĭ֪Ҷ˹Ȼû˵ȫĴڡ
УʲôŶȥˣǻ̫ô˵̫𣿾㲻ǻ̫˵ŵ
磬㻹˵һеĽ˿ⶼ͵ˣҼûгԵ˵˿Ⲣͨĸ㣬ҪѺܳʱãһ㶼׼õģĳԡ
һΣҶ˾úóԣȻеĶˣһҲʣ̫Ҳûа취ԵԴ˻ҶǸСӡ
𣿡Ҷ˴ʵҲ֪Ǽٴֱš
Ҷˣǿǲ𣿡ʱܻҶ˾Ȼʼնûзˣ˵ǡ
˺޹а˵ԼˣʲôǣǺûκεĹϵ
˵֮󣬱ߵˣȫԶԶԴ˱ʾԼ仮ޣеһ
Դˣһƣƺû뵽Ҷ˵Ӱô
ҵǴڵģأҾûǵڱȽϺã˵ܾ˷ʱ䡣Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
㡭㡭Ķӣǹġֻܷ
֮ˣòǶġ˵
㡭ƺû뵽˵ôֱӵİָԼ
ô֪Ҷ˿ıôҶ˵ҶˣӣҲᷴᷴ
裬и⣡ҶʱͻȻ˵
ʲô⣿ɻؿҶˣҶʱҪʲô
λ̣Ľ𣿡Ҷ˺ʵ


709 и⣨3
ǣãôˣ˵仰ò˸еȣΪôӦãһܶСá
ҶҲֻͻȻ뵽Լһһ㣬Ǻ񶼱ĶӴܶ࣬ҲС
֣ΪʲôϺܶ࣬һϵ̫졣Ҷɻ
С˵ΪഺϣվһܣǾĸӶˡЦ˵
˵ҲǣŻҪϡ֪ˣһġҶͻȻе

飬˭ֻ֪û˸ôֱ˵̼ĳЩˡ
ǵģǲͬһĸףȴͬһסͷһҶˡ
ǻأǰҾҲϣϰ֮ҾͦġҶ˼˵
ģֻʹˣѾ
ȿȣ
ʱͻȻɿȣĻҿ˵ʱҲ֪ⲻܼȥˡ
μϣ
û˾ǻ̫Ѿˡ
ҶˣС쵰Ȼڱ˾ҡȸʵװӣ⻰һСЦԵġ
ʱ򣬴Ҷȷһ£ǾҶȸʵеĵλ
ûаո˵衣Ҷ˺ʵػش
飡һȭҶ˵Դϡ
С˵𣿡
ûг㰡ֻ˵ʵҶ˾úίԼ˰
ˣĸӲҪˣϺͻ̫ġҶʱֹ֮ǰʱȥܣΪҶӦе顣
鿪ʼ죬ʽʼеԹ֮⣬˶Цϯˡ
ҶҲǴŹСϯλ£ҪȵǱݻҪܾأ̫ҪԵϣмĽĿȻڶࡣ
ϯӣмһ˵Сһˣ߷ʹõģͻϻ̫õһĹ
ӵˣҪˣȽϴҪģԶԲ֮ϳţ󲿷ֶǻ׹ݣҶ˾֮һ
Ҷ˵ռӣʮһһҶҶҲһ
С쵰ҹҶˣǰλãһ͹Ҷ˹ȥˡ
ҪҪҶҪǺܱģҶҲ˵ʲôֻܿҶ˱ߡ
ΪʲôҪ㣬Ҳ԰ƫģʱҶһеʼɵ˵
ûµģܵܵʱ򲻻һġҶʱЦ˵ҶߣҲΪ
Ϊʲôѵײ𣿡ʵ
߹ЦЦ˵㸸ײҶҪһˣҲλӣ
˭ɻʵ

㣬ͻȻһ飬λӵİҶ˵ǰͻȻ뵽һ顣
ʲôλӣҲûи㰲λǹġ˵鱾ŵģҶλõģΪҶ˵⣬ѾԵݡ
ֻ뵽ԼûˣɴҶԼһҲֹҶһЩĪΪ
ǿյλӣ𣿡ҶָűϸŵСΪ۹СȻһλСڵ϶ҪҶš
һû뵽
㣬ȥұкɣ˧ͦģһ޳ȥҶʱ򿴿ˣıּ˧Ĳ˵ĹӸ硣
ŽҶ߿ÿķҲԼˡ
ҹˣҶһ仰ȻʹСһλһ˾еˡ
ôڰ۹Сλϣѵ˵һǴŰ۹
Ȼҿ϶ҶʲôʣԿ϶Ҷ밬۹϶Źϵܴ˼СߣûйϵŹˡ
˵ĻҶǣĹϵֶһһ۹֮һ
òƣ۹ҶŹϵֻյ۹ǺѺöѣǺֵ֧ġ
ңҺͰ۹ûϵ
ʲôҪΪ۹㿴գǿ𣿹ʮ˵
Ҷλ֮󣬾ͿʼӦϵʻǺܸɴ࣬ȫʵشֻǣʱ˲š
˭Ҷ밬۹ûйϵûˣҶԼ
Ҷ˵ͬʱǰ̨ѾʼţȻ˵ֻڶʱģЧȴκεĲ̨ǳ㡣


710 ƣ1
һĿͿʼˣ񲢲ǸҲϷ磬һЩˣ
ⳤʱĽĿ֮УȫһֶֻҪǾʵĶ֣Щ˵ˮƽҲǳĸߣȻҲ
ҾŽĿ˵ŻһˮһĲˣʱܿԼȥ
̫磬ǲ˵Ȼܶ࣬ȫϯһ㲻ԴˣҶ˺ǸˣƴĳԶ鶼ˡ
Ҷ˵ĽĿ񱻰ŵ󼸸ԣҲ̫⣬ȳſžͺãȵʱٽ׼
ˣĽĿῪʼ
ΪĽĿһ㶼ǴҳԺˣȥʱҲΪĽĿص㡣
磬Ҹоò۹⿴СͻȻ˵
ǵģʲôʱֵģҶ˵ͷѾ֪ˣ˻ֹһ
Ȼûȥע⣬ҶҲ뵽ԼһЩˣ˵ĴҵңоԼϵãĸˡ
ȻǸ޼û˵ʲôҲҶ˺Զ˫Թ޵һֱпҶˣֻǱҶӵѡ
ǿҵľһˣӦþĸף֮У˫޵˾ʲô鶼Ըɵĳ
ʱ򡭡Сش
ܺãҶ˵ͷ˵
ǸҪô죬ɱ𣿡СʵΣյˣڻ˵ǱضҪġ
ЩǲҪᣬǲֵ֣ȻҪĻҲ˳ֽҶ˵ػش
ҪЩҶ仰ǹҪˣΪҶ˾ȻԸǵ뷨ûС
ŶСͷƺˡ
ϰ壬ǲǸöˣ
ڲҪʱ̾͹Ҷ׼ˣǵĽĿҲʱ׼ˣȻкܳʱ䣬׼һҲá
Ҳ֪ҶҲϲȥˣһֱСӣ֪ϯѾûʲôоˡ
õģգ߰ɣ
ţ
ҶС׼뿪ʱ򣬻̫ʵ۶ѾͬˣΪ֪ҶҪȥʲô
ʱȥˣҶȥ
Ҷ˱ܣȳһ߰ɣһ˿¬ɪز޼ͻȻվҶ˵
Ҷ˴һ£û뵽޼ôôѵӻ
ѵӶ𣿡޼ԳЦ
ôоʲôıҶ˺ֱӵ˵

Ҷ˵޼Ӷʱʯ˶֪˵ʲôˣЦеؿҶˣҶԽԽ˼
ˣǾٳһˣ̣ҲܿҶν˵һ
λֻССֻǰС壬Ȼռʲôط
õģ̵ͷȻ£ûΪݶ⣬ʲôĳϣǿƽԡ
Ҷ˱ܣ֮ǰ֮е㲻죬ˣⱭȸΪ޼ӼҶƺЦÿ˵㣬ƱҶ˺Ⱦơ
ʱƺûз֣ûҶ˺ȹƣΪȸ۹߲㶼֪ҶǲܺȾƵġ
һΣҶ˳Ըĵһûü󲿷ֵ˶֪֪ҶǲܺȾƵġ
ȣҲյϢ˭Ҷ˺ȾƣȻ̫᲻ˡ
˵Ҷˣ̫׼ıݲûϷˣ̫˲ˡ
ʱЩҪֹ޼ӣֻѾˣҶˣҪҶôġ
̣һ
Ҷֱӽ߸̣ǺҲȾƾˮһһȫ⡣
ţƺһƣȻٱң޼ӣһ
ߣҶˣҲ̫ˣ㲻ȾͲȣΪʲôһŮ˴棡޼е㲻ˬ˵Ҷ
˼ϰǲȾƵģУҴѾܸӵģȻĻͲҪ㣡̲˵
޼ɣ㲻ҪҶˣǲܺȾƵģһȾƾһ㶼УĵξƲմȸʵڴʱ˵
飿޼ɻ
ǵģǶ֪ʱҲˡ

Ʒ粨ȥˣ¬ɪɫˣҶ˳һ£оζͶ˼ڡ
Ҷ˳²֮޼¶һ˿΢Цһֺյ΢Ц


711 ƣ2


⣬ж
һᣬһⷢˣгԹ˵ˣŶӣʼȻóһۣǾж
ʱ򣬼˵һʱ䶼ʵۣΪǾƲ¶ֻǻʵۣʵǳĳĿҪɱҡ
黢˭Զôһ죬ᱻֶɱ
ֻǣǿʵ̫ҲͬĶҲһжˡ
ǣǾͿʼѰмˣﻹûµˣһ¶ˡ
Ǽ򵥣벻ô׵֣ȸ۹Ȼô׶ԸһСıͿȫû
ʱ޼ӺǰЦţ˵ķݣոյĶ׼ĲˣֲոսҶԭΪҪ¶
㣬ΪʲôҪôľ˾ˣȸʵеʵ
ΪʲôҾ˾ô¬ɪӣȸ۹һֱѹ¬ɪҪΪ۹ͱҪ𣡣޼Ӻܲм˵
Ҳô𣿡ȸʵۿʵ
Բ𣬼޼漦޹湷һҲΣֻȴߴңܿġ
ȻǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮ̫̾
ܹҪȸȨܸ𣿡˵
Ϊλ𣿾ˣȸ۹Ҳˡȸʵ˵
ǣˣأǾͲ˰ɣҪ֣͹̫ˣǱ췴޼ӵ˵
˵֮ҵ˾Ϳʼȱվһзݣڵ۹˶˵Ļȸ۹ǵƿ֮ˡ
Ǳ췴ı֮أôˣǶ벻ô࣬ǾȻ͸ôʱ˵һվŵģûµˡ
νҵˣ˵ڲˣڳ֮еˣЩԭǱĺʱȫ¶ˡ
ֻǷδȻǲԸǣȻͲҪ췴ˣżҵ˵
ƻҲһʱģ¥¼ŷãܲм˵
Ϊ֪ĶԸǡߣ¥ҪɱǸСӡΪʲôΪʲôû£
ҪɱҶ˵ʱȴ֣ҶʱڳǸԵĽζ
ûзڵ״
˶Ĭˡ
ѵûܣڲȳ˽ҩûµģ޼ҡͷΪʲôû£ѵҲ˽ҩ
ʲôʲôҩҲĶҩ̫ˡҶ˲ػػ
̫ҩ˳֮ʮڱɣ¾綾ô̫޼ҡͷ˵
ɣ㣬ǶûɣҪҪԵҩҶ̶Ҷ꺰
ģģС쵰֪㣬أʱ˵
Ҫǰ첻˺ܶҩ˵ʲôöҩάһſʼ⣬ѵ֪ôһϷҶ˿ʵ
ʲô
ʱԾĪ޼ҵˣҶ˵仰֮󣬾뵽һµ飬ǾԼļƻڱ˵֮У
벶ȸں󣡣
ǵģһҪһЩϢС쵰֪ҵңʱͻȻָȻվһжļҲûС
ܿ죬Ҳһжļʧˣа̨ϵĻʵ̫
仯޼ҵ˶е亹ѣ֪ԼҪˣû뵽Լˣ˸һˡ
ߣ֪СΪһ۹ô򵥱лɳ𣿻Уãôô棬ӳ˰ʲôȸʵվһƾɢԲжˡ
һֱ֪Ϊʲôֹץͳúܴܴ
ǾóɹˣôЩȫֻһϷѣʲô򣬾͵˽Ŀȸʵ䵭˵
һʼǾѾǵļƻС쵰ڣǾһЩҩѾжЦ˵Ҷ˵СԴһ¡
ңôǰôû㻹ҪأҶ˲׹ĵط
飡Ҷһ£Ҳҵġ

ܣôܣû˿ģô޼ӿҶˣŵҡͷ


712 ƣ3
֮ǰ˵ģûȵģȸʵ˵ҶˣˣҪʲôֱ˵
ڴʱȸʵЩʧĸоӦ˵ѾʧֻڲԼ׶ѡ
ҪʲôˣȱһЩȥ⿴ûСҶ˺˵
ȸ۹Ĺ⣬϶һЩöôĻۣ˭׵飬Ҫ⣬ǲһ˿ȥģͬʱҲһ˻ȥġ
Ҷôɴ˵Ҫȥֻ˵ܲǳĲ
СӣĲˣȥѡֻҪ̫֣ҪʲôԣȸʵҡҡͷԴ˺ΣϾҶԼҲ˵ˡ
ͬʱ֮ǰҶ˸ڵİûҪʲôԣȻҪһˡ
ߣΪҸ㣬黹û꣡ʱ֮˵Ҷôеӣҧ֨֨졣
ӣ黹кһѵ˵
Ҿ͸ǣƹʧܣԣ˵ڶ׼Ҫͬھʱ˻ᰴǵļƻУ֮ЦţַЦ⣬κ˶鲢򵥡
ǻʲôüǰ״鲢ûнһһܴ鷳
ҸǰɣڰСʱ֮ǰǾ󣬻Ὣʹըɣǻ˼ʮ׼ģ

˶Ĭˣ
Ҽʮ׼ȷû뵽ģʱǵɫúܲ԰ף׼Σյĵط
ʱҲû˻ỳΪģ˵ʲô壬ż岻ĵ顣
ûõģѾˣҹ⵽ڲ˵ˣ֮ǰǾͻϳ룬ʱ䣡
ɱﵣɹʣΪ֪ʧܣԼͻۼˣԻͬھ
ֻҪͬھˣҲ԰ռƻУǵļ廹һԻεʤ
ߣ
Ȼûʱ䣬һǿʼ⳷룬ֻʱȴҶһ߷
ʱˣҶ˷ҲǺģΪʱᷢ
ʱҲһЩ飡
Ҷˡ
Ҷ˴ػһ䣬γѵӣûзʲô
ڷʲôܰҶ˵ߣֱӽҶץ׼ˡ
ˣǲܰҶͻȻһУĶͣҲ˵ע˹
԰СӣֻҪСӵıϣһܰȫһţᴫ˵֮ǿķ󡣡
˵۹ⶼˣҶ˿ΪǶ뵽Ҷ˵ˮ֮ǸǾԵķ
£кܴܲģҶ˵ˮ֮棬ǾǿԻġ
Ҷˣķ󣡡߹̽е
ʲôҪҶҡҡͷػش
ôҪǲῪЦģҲûбҪЦǶһģһӡָЩˣӣԲǿЦġ
ǵĶʲôʱըҶͻȻЦʵ
ϣһ
ʲôʱ򣿡ҶЦţš
Ӧþڡոգȵȣô£ѵˣ֮ʱͻȻ֣ըӦڸոչȥļӦˡ
ٵȻɣҲӦҶЦЦ
ǰ
Ļ棬˶侲˱ϾͨˣǶб仯ˣﲻᱬըˡ
ʱһȥûбը
Ϊʲôѵ׼д󣿲ԣСޱȣܳģ
ˣ㣬԰ЩץȥˣҪȥݳˣҶЦ˵
С쵰⵽ô£ɻʵҲҪʵģǶ㲻ͻȻΣͻȻʧˡ
ǰ첻԰ǸʱͻȻһҪٵʹ£ͰǲˣŻðộǲøлҡҶ˻ش

˶ĬˣôҲû뵽龹ȻôϷ绯һ档
Ϊʲô˵
˵İʱ˴ˣˡոҲ

С쵰


713 ߣ1
С˼С쵰ǴŪģ
ǹ㳡֮ϣһε绹ûɢȥȻ˵飬ȴȻڼ
ԭȻһӰ죬˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼһ֣˻һձûޱȣ֮ǰй֮޲
ʱô˵ľ΢ı仯
ʱ򣬴ƺҲˣոձϳҪȺˣȺ췴ǿ϶ǻ˵ģ滹һѪȷ籩ҿܻһҹ֮
Ǹ޼һˣȻ³ϾǱˣǽΪ룬¬ɪӦĴۡ
ȸ۹˵ڳЩ˵޼ĸ˵ǲֵһĶĶȡ棬ǵѡǿԤ֪ġ
ʱȸʵҲû޼ĸôǼϣô˵ҲԼǻ̫磬̫û˵ʲôǾͼˡ
ҲǱһ㣬Ǿȸʵ۸ûаĸ£Ϊ˽ĸӵĵϸ֪ʲô飬֮ǰ飬ҲһȾ֪ˡ
ʱȸʵֻǿųеҶˣҶڵ࣬ʵ벻ͨ벻ͨҶ˵ж֪ĵϸ
ոյ飬һ֣û뵽Ȼڲ֮仯ˣ鵽ڴҶеλãе㲻ʵĸо
ЩȥңǿҺ뷨ǲʵԼ˼ʮʱ䣬µģصľ֣ȻᱻҶڿʱ򣬸ƽˡ
㵽һʲôˣ
ڿҶ˵ˣ֮ǰȥˣǶ⣬Ҷ˵һʲôĴڣΪʲôÿÿܸ˴⡣
ȸʵ۵ȻǾοοҺҶڣЩȥģǾ;ãҶΪʲôҪûöá
ʱ򣬴ƺûȥЩֻ֣оǻ⾳
Ǹ˿֣Ҫһˣ㵯Ǳ˵ģҪˣ仹Ķߵ࣬Ǹо
ʱҶ߹˶ǰ棬ԶĵطĻ
ҶˣһЩ׹ӹûλǰģҲǰ棬Ϊո¼ǰ治ٵĵط˳
ŵĸо˾ûʲôգȸʵ۾ͰҶǰЩǻ̫ݣվ͸һ磬ǸոյĹ硣
ڸв֪ҵ࣬˵
Ҷ߹ĬǺγֲģҲҪҶ춼棬Ӱ
ܿ죬ҶеҶˣҶᲦŪң֮е飬˺ԡ
ʱ򣬾ǰЩҶʲôֲܵģҶ˽ϳģֻͨͨģܺܲҵģ˶뷨ΪĻǻԼǶô޴
ˣллλ
Ҷ˽÷Žָ֮УŴҹȻ׼뿪
С쵰ͽˣ㲻˵Ҫصظ׼һİ̫󿴵ҶҪ˵
ΪҶ̵һһһǰ׼ģ̵ģҶ˵ġ
ǰǸոյôоǲǺܻ졣ҶЦŻصصѡյģãõǡôǲǺְܿ
Ǻܻ죬Ӻ˼ⲻҪݵ𣿡̫ͷͬʱҲʵ
Ҷҡͷ˵ǣҪݵģǵģҵӦ÷ںģոյҾǰһ»á
ûҶ˵ĽĿûôģҪ󿿵ģֻǸոյЩԣҶ˲Żһ
ֻһ»̫󣬰ĳ򣬿ûж˼ǵãȻܹ֣Ϊǰ̵˵ĿӦûᱻԡ
ֻû뵽ᷢıʣӱúͻΪҼ֮Ӱ̵ӣʹҲʼ½
ҶûģҲ˶û뵽飡
ҲаɣӻҺϲ̫εصͷ˵Ҷ˵ĻֻòҲܲˡ
ٺ٣ļ
Ҷ̵˸ˣȻعԭλĽĿݡ


714 ߣ2
Ҷˣһ¡
ҶҪԭλ֮ʱ̫ȴȥָָߣҶߡ
úܶ˶ĽҶˣΪǰδеģ̫ĳ֮£ûκߣϲ
ΪᣬԼ֧ʲôˣ
Ҷ˶ȸ۹˵һĴڣ֧ҶˣҲӰ쵽ڵΪҶ˸Ͳȸ۹ȨΧ
ô˵Ҷܻ٣˶еĽûеõ̫ĳ谮
ֻǣҾҶӦܳӦǰʱҶȴһ˵صΪ

Ҷ˴һᣬֱǰ棬װû
С쵰װûˣҼܹ̫Ķͷе¶Ҷ˾һŭ
Ҷ˵Ķ̫ˣ˭֪װûȻ󲿷˶֪ΪʲôҪ˵ȥ̫Ǳ߶˵ǰһģΪʲôҪװ
˽Ҷ˵֪ΪҶ˲ȥĲȥ
ɣ˭֪
ʲô̫ˡҶڿεĳԼǰʱ̶Ż̫ʵҲ֤һ㣬ովǹװ̫ĻȻҲʻ̫Ϊ֪
ţ̴̫Ҷ˵Ļʲôƺˣ̫󻹼ӸˣҲͰˣҵı
Ŷ̫ţʲôҶ˸˳ƺֻǸоϻе֣Ҳ֪֣ٻ̫ûҳë
Сӣ˭װⲻ˼
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˶ڿҶˣû͵ֵˬУòƴ˶ҪҶ˳Ա
˵أװ̫˵
㶼ܿóһΪװúˡҶ˴˵

˭ôԣУ㻹ĸ˵
ⶼҾһˣҹ̫û˵֣Ҷܿȥ
ȥвУͿˡҶ̽ԵʵСһҲȥӡ
ʲô㺦µģǵġ̫˵
ûʲôֻ鷳ѡˣ㶢ˣҲһ鷳Ҷҡͷѡȥ̫ǱߣĻ˵ĺΪòȥ鷳
Ҳ˵ȥ̫Ǳߣһ鷳
һС쵰Ȼ鷳̫û˵˵ʱûмȥˣΪʵȥ롣
̫ߣȻһ鷳Ǻܷ⣬ıһźܶ鷳飬ܶ˲鷳ҪõᣬҶ˲롣
ǵʧ⣬ÿеʧͬģ˻ҪԶԶʧе˾ͻʧڵá
Ҷ˶ȫûпΪЩʧȴܷ֣ȻȥʧҲֻһС֣ڲŻȥ

ôɡ
˭˵ôģŵС
ҲСӡ
Ҷ̫֮󣬾ͱ̫ţصչˣԴҶȻе㷴ʵûа취֮£Ҳֻˡ
̫ˣҲףҶǺˣһǶǲĺˣҶûǰЩ⻷Ҳһ
ԴˣҲֻǰУʱҲֻܿϷǰݵϷ
ȻҲв˺ֱӵ¶֮ɫеˣ˵ӱ˻̫ߣҶ˽С衱
С㲻ҪƤȻȥҺ绹Ҫ̸Դˣ̫еͷʹҲû˵ʲô̫صĻֻȥ
СҶ̽˹Լ̫м䣬ǸΧĺõߣôܷŹ
Ҷ˵ĶҪֻʱеɻ룬ôм䣬֡
ֹ֣Ǻģڻ̫Ҷ˵м䣬ȻҶˣһֱǲѺãһԼߣҲʲô¡
С쵰ôˣôϲ׽𣿡̫Ҷû˵Ҷ˵ԣ˭ܿó˼
ǰֻ˼һǺͱö׽һãȽϿɰУʲôֱ˵һ᲻ϰߵģҶЦ˵
Ϊʲô顭Ҳǣݣ׽Ҳᱻ˵ʲôĿġ̫еп˵пʱҲ͵͵˿ҶˣΪҶҲд֣Ҷʮûĵһ㷴ӦûУ


715 ߣ3
ŶҶ˸ϵľʳӦһ

磬ոյӺ˼ԺܲٵֿʼҶˡ
ԣҶ˵ͷش
ģ̫ˣʲôʱ򣿡
˵ģԺ󡭡
Ժʲôʱ򣿡
ԺԺ󣡡

Ĭһᣬ˵磬ڷң
ţ㻹Ҷ˺ܸɴسϡ
ˣӦˣܣҲҪһ£ˣ磬滨ôֳģǰԹܶˣֲУ֮ǰ˵ûУôôˡʼҶ⣬ڻ⡣
滨ǡҶ˵Ҳ⣬ֱӽôֲİ취ȻָͨķʽûʹģҶΪʲôڼɣȻ˵
ǸʱҲֻôȥ֣ԼҲûȥģҲֻ˳ʶѡ
ܿ죬һĿʵĽĿһ߳ʱ򣬴ƺ֮ǰ飬ȫĵͶ⻶ķΧ
֮ŵһ磬ߵ㣬ŲµһţȷʵǷ
ףǲǸͽôڱݣʲô鶼ûзһңòмң̣⵽ô£
űݵڼ䣬߳һŮһ߰ŮŮȻ޼ӵá
Ҷе죬ֱӵһߵĻ̫
̫ҡҡͷ˵ڵ㣬ڵ磬Ϊ֮ǰ鶷ţҪʽ˵ǿ
˵ոǱƻ˼ƻ𣿡СԴʵ
ǣĶ֮ǰӣ֮ǰͱҵıˣ̫ЦŻش
Ŷԭˣô֮ǰ飬ڵ飿еԻ
ʱһ˶֣޼ӵĸˣǶʧܵļ֮ҪҲ߸ոյ顣
֪飬ţڻ֪ԼĸֳʲôһֱǱڹ̫ҡҡͷ˵
鷢ʱıһǱһطûнӴǲ֪㳡֮Ϸʲô顣
ǸʱɹĻ޼ӻ֪ͨ뿪ΪһεƷ
һ£ˣǱȻỳɵ޼ϣйأΪҲˡ
˶û飬Ǿͻ˻ɣʱ򲻹ȸʲô¬ɪǿ϶Ҫ顣
ԣһʼ߰ĹͱһƷ֪Ҳ֪᲻ĸ߰
ÿͬķˡ
ʲôҲͬıװ֪ΪҪסΪǾͲʲôˡҶ˺ܲ˵
Ҷ˵Ļ֮󣬻̫ȸʵ۶Ĭˣ֮ǰԼŮŮһƷͬ飬ŷŹ˼
ڣҶ˵Ļ֮Ҳ뵽ܣԷֻϷҪԼͬġ
ԼӦòͬ飬ɴɱһ٣ҲŹһȻô˵ҲԼˣ޹صĻȻͻŹˡ
ʱ˶ʼüͷڿǸò÷ŹǸ߰Ĺ
ʱҶ˵һ仰˶Ҫ̲סҪҶ˸
Ȼֻ˵˵ѣǿƷҶ˺ܲε˵
Źǲţ
ȸʵۿһᣬһǾǲţҲʲôǽȸ۹ȥ
õĽǻչʲô飬һҲ˵Ƕ˵һ̡
Ȼǵõ֮󣬸ͷ֮󣬾ͷǻ¬ɪͷʲô˭ܿ϶Ҷ˵Ҳ֪
ô˵ĸݵҲܺãĸǺܺõһҶˣͲٸһһ̫˵Ǹ߰ʱ򣬾ͿҶˣҪõҶ˸ĳŵǺѵĳŵ
Ҷü˵ðɣҪĻҾ͸һ֮ǰҾѡ
̫ˣˣˣոյһʲôã̫˷ܵ˵ͬʱһҪ飬ǾǸոҶ˵ʲôǺܶҪ֪顣
Ҷͣһ£ȻЩ˵һߣôǲǺʺϰ


716 1
ߣŶĲ˼̫ͷʱȻҲҶ˵ıе֣Ҳ벻ʲôֵĵطټҶ˱һܹĴڣҲͲô⡣
磬ΪʲôıôŹ֣ǲ׻ʲôŹֵĵطʱزҶ˵Ĺ죬Ҳ֪ôͻȻô
ûаôأұŹֻΪ飬ˣҪˡҶҪȥ
Ҫȥ̫ʵ
ȥݰǷ̵ģҴӦ࡭Ҷ˻صžֱӴмܹȥǳС

ĳϣû˸мȥģֱţһ㶼ǴӱϹȥмƺֻлʵ۲ߵġ
ʱȸʵ۽΢ЦҶ˵Ϊû⣬Ҳø֪Ҷ˵ĵλ⣬⵽ӹȲ
û˸ҶҶʲôˡ
С쵰ʲôߣɺͳ
ڿҶܵʱ򣬾ͺֱӵѵҶˡ
ߡҶѵ֮󣬾ͷ˽ŲƵС
ʱ򣬳ĸоˣҶŸ˵ĸоһ⣬һ־죬ھһ˵û˶Ҷסˡ
һգһֺҪʲôգڴգ
Ҷ˽볡УһǱˣոյı֮󣬴ҶҶ˵ڴκ٣ҪҶһλʲô˵ıݡ
ңٺ
Ҷڽ볡֮󣬾ڽָ֮óһ̨٣ΣȻһƨϣλĺɫƤгʣ棬ôһļ
ƺǵҶ˸С̰ʱĵߣС̾ҶһţǳȻǼ̡
ۣ˰ܾܵȻóΪ̰࣬ǶˣҶ̽еһߵ߹Ҳǵͷڴӡ
ҶһҶҲ¶ڴ˷ܣùעŵĻ̫ȸʵ۶е֣ѵ˵Ҷ˵ĸپôڴ
ǵģڴΪǸʱҶС̵һӡ̫ˣܶ˶Ҫֻ˴ûټ˺ʧ
ҶҵˣҲһûлǵҪҲҶС̸ˣ
Ҷǲ鷳С֪ԼûôǿֻΪҶ˲ŻЧõĶҪظһξѾ㹻ˣˣֻ嵭ǰĸо
СҪõһ̣Ȼȥƻˣ
С̲ϲ裬ϲ³ҶҪԵĶ
ɫ
Ҷͷ۾̵ֻУžⵯһ°˿˵
ֻǣҶ˵һȴž˶һ֮ͨ
ڴʱ˶һִǾǸоٷ·˵һδӶĸ飬Ǽ̵ĸ飬Ƿ·ǣ侳
Ҷ˵ҪΪ°˿ǳѧߵıصģҲΪҲǺܺõһӡ
ҲֻҶ˻ĳ֮£ҵһӣһ˶ֱӽ׼õĶ⡣
һӣһĿˡ
С쵰ȻɷոյúܲҲ̫ˣҪ𣿡̫ҲһҶһӵĽĿеԹ
ҶҡҡͷصǰֻҸող˵𣿶ŶҲһˣͬĻҾһˣ
⵱ȻУҼ̫˵ԭֻЧС쵰Ĺ׺Ҳ֪ôѧģƺͨ
֪ˣ֪˼ûô÷ܡˣ鷳Ҷ˵֮󣬾ֹһ䡣
ȫĬСҲ̫ǿˣȻ˵̫ϣ˵鷳
˵ʲô̫ͷϵĺ߳ˡ
̣ʲôϳҶװʲô鶼ûзֻǴߴϳ
ˡǵȻ𣬵룬ӵô֮ˣȻ̫ȻôԵ
̵ĳ˶ãûôʧԵҪԶԶԵ
һϮɫĳȹ֮дһŸ߹ʩȴʤκ˵໥Уøӵһޱȵĸо
㣬ӡ˵Ժ֮УǾʾΪǰŮġ


717 2
أҶ˿һ£еֵʵ֮ǰ׼ŵʱ򣬻Ů
ǰǾòҪˣһ˾͹ˣЦ˵Ц֮вһСթ
Ҷеɻ󣬲ҲǺ⣬ˣֻҵ飬ҿɹܲô࣡
ţֻҪİͿˣҲҪˡҲֻǶģ˸о̵Ц
ûЩԽԽãһ̵˶֪ºҲ϶ԼΪ飬ǾݲĶĶ
׼ûУԵĻǾͿʼɣҶ˫ַڼ֮ϣʵ
Һˡ㿪ʼɡ̵ͷʱضԽ״̬һʮרҵģͬʱҲźܸ츳ˡ
Ҷûٷˣ׼ȷ˵ûȥ˫ַڼ֮ϣøٷ
Ҷһεĸ˸ое֣ΪĸٶǺ·˵İһ㣬һΣҶ˵ĸǰ͸һưĸо
Ϊʲôܷܸư磬ˣǸоˣ
ûûд
̿ڸ߸ʱ˾ףӱƣȻ˵ø࣬Ȼ˵̵ӿ㣬Լȴܽ˶ս˵Ѫڡ
˭û˻ʱӣǷԵʣӵĸоˣĵҲˡ
⽫һӶ޷һӣͬʱҲһ飬飬һ
˭˵Ů˲ܳưĸܳ׳ս裬˭˵پһҪ飡

սڰԶ
վڲƵĳǽ֮
˼̰㽥Ʈɢ
ңԶʳһ˿ƿڹĺɫء
ǡ
ҵ

̵ĸҶ˵ĸֹͣһױ׳սڳ˵ģǾԼѪǷŵġ
Ҷ̵һսʵ̫֮ˣû뵽ĳϣȴ˱׳ս衣
Դ֮ҲΪ½ķΪ׷ҫǣĸ֮УľȻǾˣ
Ϊһγһս裬սȻʺѪľˣ
֮ܳʱ䣬Խǧʱ֮УҶ̵һս裬Ǵ½֮Уս裡
ʱ򣬾ҶвܵģҲòˣҶ̵˵ģڶҪҸضȥ
޼ĸˣǸ߰Ĺڸҧȫڲţ֪ԼѾˣ׵׵ıˣ
һС쵰ҵϳ׳ս裬Ҫ㣡һսȷܲҲˣ
̫ڳ֮з˵Ļʵ
ٺ٣ұȻûߵûˣҶЦ˵ҲҶ˺ս裬ⲻ̫ʺϣȻ𺳣Ầ»̫˻᲻ˡ
Ҷ֮ĻܣҲʲôΪҶ˵Ļ߻Ὣ
ԡ
һڻѾǰˣҶ˵Ը񣬸һΣǲǺ֮ǰԼµһˡ
ˣţʲô
ЧӦҲʲô⡭
Ҷˣսʲôȸʵʱ廰ʵҶҲǽҶˣҪҶ⣬ҶΪʲôóõսʿŷǳô
ʱȸʹĻҶͽҶˡ
Сͽ

Ҷ˵Ļף֣ƺģ֮ǰûΪսȡ
ܷս⾳ڰȥϾҪãܺáȸʵ۴޵
ˣǾͿԽˡҶ˸ϸٵĸӣ׼չˡ
ţոջ˵ҪҼһ׵ģôҪɻأ̫˵óҶҪȥ
鷳һȥģҶеſڸ֮ϡ
ϰ壬ҪҪҰæʱʵҶ˵ĵϣ˺ǽӽһЩ˸еһֶʼɡ
æˣһ׾ˣ롭ˣҶ˲˵ܲεĵһ׾ͽҪøΪŲȥ
˵ĻҲῼΪ֮ǰסĻһбȽģҲҪӽӣҶӦһ£˾ź


718 3
źǶǵ飬ʲô飬Ҳǻ̫˼ұҵģʲôԼȥ
Ҷ˴򿪸ٵĸӣ˫ַڼ֮ϡ
ʱ˶עҶˣϾҶ˵ÿһ˵õϲҲϰҶ˻оϲǣȻᾲȥ
ͬʱȴû뿪ҶˣǼҶ˵ıϣⱾĹˣвĶֻȴװûΪ֮ᡣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˫һڼϷ衭

һϷ
ԹԹֺα̫
 ʲô
ȥ
˼ıϲ
Եپ
 ʲô
ͷȻ
һӻ Īͷ
ʱ
ǧ
 ߹
ҵЦ
ֵЦ


ȫĬǿԸȷһ㣬Ҷǲó˵ģתҲ̫˰ɣѪϷе㷴Ӧ
ɷϣסЦҲǲӣǸ֮еѣΪҲЩĺźܴĸд
ʲôȥ
仰˼Լ׷ĵʲô
ڳĺܶˣΪеЦĸıһЩȨĿԺĴ·ı˲١
С쵰ôˣ
͵˼ʱ򣬻̫һν˻Ƿ֣ҶڳС֮󣬾ʰˣкһ
ҵѾ˰ȻҪˣգ㣬ǻȥҶԶ˵ʱѾӽԺˡ
ʱ򣬴ҷ֣Ҷȥʱ򣬼ŮҲˣҪǿÿûнȻҲѵĿ죬ͷҶˡ
ˣô˵߾ߡ
ŲܣҵЦֵЦҶʱ仰ʱ⻰˼·ˡ

ȫҶ˵ȥǲžãԼѣҲܱȵҶˣ
̫εؿҶȥֻܼڳļβҶһ˵߾ߣ˵ͽ
ȸʵۣ߲Ҫ֮ǰ⣡

̫ļ죬ҶڵĵطΪҵĽ㣬Ҷ֮Ǵ粽Уеǲˬ
ҲģҶ˵ͺܸߣھ̫磬͸ˣǲúܶԭҶ˲мһ˵ĲŮܹҶˡ
Ҷʱֻʿű֮Уܱⱻ˷ţˣҲһͻƳɹ
ȻͻƲͻʿŵķֻͻʿŵȨ޶ѣЩǲܵסҲȥֻҶȥӴˡ
ѪҲڰбҶˣΪҶҲٵ鷳ѪһֱҶˡ
˵Ѫ壬Ǹʱ򣬷·ʧһ㣬ֱûг֣飬ҶҲ˳ʹˣֻ˳ѡ
ѪݣźܶҪģʧҲΪ档
֤Ҷ˵뷨ȷģѪȥˣǹ޼ӵǵ顣
ȸһѾ֪ˣôû׼Ѫ׼Ӧ飬֮󣬸Ҫȥµ飬ȻûʱҶˡ
˵ҶķˣҪˣ
ϰ֣裬ʲôʱҶǣ
ҶѾֹһҶ⣬õĴ𰸶һģ죬Ǿˡ
⵹Ҷڷܶӣһʵ飬ǾҪŻȥûа취˵߾ߡ
ֻҶ⼸춼õȲסˣ˺÷ԼҲûκεĺô
ڼ䣬̫ȸʵҲδҶȥʹҶҲܸӣȥʹˣľֻûþȥˡ
ڼ䣬ֵÿĵ飬ȥȸĹ⣬һЩ֮ǰȸʵӦµ顣
ԴˣҶǾÿģȸʵ۾ͺܳΪҶߵĶǱȽϡеģǺĶеȸҲôһȴˡ
ȸʵҲ취ҶҪһжͽ͵ģҶôֵĶóɸһЩҲȥ
ȸʵֻεĽҶ˵ĻƷҶҪЩ˵Ҷ˸ĶҲǺܶҪĶ
˵ĻȸʵҲԿٲǳԴ
⼸֮УҶҲ˽һЩǰ飬Ϊʲôȸ۹ϵôԭ
ȻҶ˲ǺҲ˽˴ţ


719 ȥ1
ǵʲôǺټıϵ
Ӧһ˵飬Ϊıϵһ˽ĳɾֻкôûлڵʵҲ֤һ㡣
ֻǷһļ֮ͥУһ˵ϲſԣ
ȸ۹Ļ壬ȸ۹Ļ壬һ⣬ǻԵģҲΪǲȸѪĴ˵
ȴǱԵģû⣬СͽûнǹˣĴڡ
ҲΪͺٱ֪֪ʱˣ˶ֵ֪ܽҲ֪һá
򵥵˵һĴڣ
ҲʲôᵽĵزֻǺҶ֮ʶȻమȴͻȻ⵽ȸ۹ķԡ
Ǹʱ򣬻˵ȸĹôҶҵһǾԲܵ顣
ǺͻˣǾûԼûаԼôͻȻֹˡ
òƵֹһ𣬻һϵеĳͻȻȸһߵġ
Ҷ˲֪Ҷûϸ˵ƺ飬ΪǾ鶼ѾȥˣѾûбҪ˵ˣûģ
Ҷ˼ȻҲȥ׷ʣװԺҲãԺҲãȥˣ

֮ĳһ죬Ҷ׼׼ȥʱȴѾȲסˣ
ʲô˵С˵Ѿˣеŵĸоòһ̵顣
ǰùãС쵰Ȼˣֽ˵ԼѾҶˣҶǵǣǵģ춼ȲˣеԹ˵ҶͻȻ˺ջа´Ҷ˵Ļһÿ
ȻѾܶˣûʵֹ
裬ܵǲˣҶʱ˹ƺҲյϢ
ǰͷ
СߣһΪʲôԭ͵͵͵ܵˣߣţȥҾǣҶҧ˵иƣΪʲôԼһȥѵԼزס
СˣǺҲһˡ갡һʧܵĽ㣬Ҷʲô˶ˣǲߣʱССش̼һҶꡣ
ߣҶߺߵ

СӡյϢĻ̫ҲǰҧҲûκεİ취

ҶҲˣҶǸϻȥϣ·׷Ҷˣصصļӿг̡
ֻǣ󵽴ҶǵʱҲû׷Ҷˣ˵ûҶˣ
ҶǵҶլҶ˷糾͵ĹȴûжȥӭǣⲢǷ飬ǱҶҾΪһЩȻ
ֻҪҪ飬ǾûصȥӭǹҶγȥ˽˵飬ǲӭˡ
֮󣬾ʹкԺ߸硭
壬ǻ߸˴кȻ׼ƹȥ顣
壬Ҷ˵˵һҶһ֮Уе壡
ţˣߣһ£ߣҶ콫˵߸ͣ
߸ӦͣеɻؿҶ죬ʵ壬㻹ʲô𣿡
ʮСӣûлҶʵ
ʮûлҪĻӦúһŶԣǲȸ۹ѵ˵ûе߸һȣеⶼ˳֮죬޷廰
ǵˣҲ˵Ҫһмȴǰ˵ӦñȵġҶ˵
ûе·ˣǱҸ֣ΪʲôҪǰ죬ǲһ𣿡߸翴Ҷ죬Դ˺
Ҷҵ˶֪Ҷһ·գôǰ죬һ
Ҳ밡ܲǵ˵һǰˣӦò·ģһĻСߺ̵ˡҶʱ廰Թ߸磬ǧҪȥҶꡣ
Ҷ֮УҶҲһµĴڣûжȥǣ֪Ҷ鲻õʱ˶˱ᡣ
ǿ·µˣܵˣãһкܶҪأһ·Ǹ²ٵ⣡߸תƻ⣬Ҷ˵ĻǺ⿴


720 ȥ2
ţ⿴Ҷ˻Ҳ߸һˣҲһǶкܶҪҶˡ
˵Ҷ˾ǻҲһ徻ӹǰһʱǲܵģһᱻΧ׷½ء
ЩΧ׷½أҶ˵Ǻܽ⣬ΪЩ˶Լˣ֮ǰǵЩǲͬġ
ͬʱҶҲ֪ԼЩҲͳһʱ䣬Ҫ֮ȻɢȥһЩͬĵط
Ӧ·ϵˣǾͽעһ£Ҷ˳֮󣬾ǱҶ˵ˣڴϢȥϢȥ⼸飡
صҶ֮ҶҲҪԼô鴦һ£Ȼ˵֮ǰĶѾæţһһЩҪԼ顣
ҸȥԵ飬Ҷ˵٣ֻǹעҲ顣
Ҳ˻Ҷһǲֳʲô״߹ϣҲһųܣΪҶһֱûʡĹ
󣬵Ҷ˳Ҷ֮ɲɢȥ
Ҷһβû·Ҳûзʲô飬ֻΪǲ·һ·ƵĹ֮ǰҶǼŸ·м죬ȴҶҪ졣
м侹Ȼ˾죬Ҳ֪ҶһôģƵĳ̶˺գ
ҶڻصҶ֮󣬶Ҷǵı仯˲ٵĸп뿪ҶǵʱǸʱ׶ΣʱȻмı仯ѾԽ
ڵҶǣвѷɫκδеĹģǰһСжѣмĲҲǿ֪ģκ˶Ҷһиţ
ۡҶһۣòƿһеҪı仯ǿʼڣѾ֪˶ٴΡ
ۣͷһܲˬҶǰԶһŮŮǰվ·м䣬Ҷ˵ȥ·סˡ
ҶǣҵסҶ˵ĵ˲࣬ǰŮⲻ֮һԱ
ۡ㡭Ҷ˿Ůе

ŮǱˣҶ˵ĽҶ꣬Ҷ˽ӽҶǵʱ򣬾ѾյϢٶ˹
ʱþҶڵۡʱһ˽ǵӣҶЦĻǲˬ
Ҷ꿴Ҷߵ߹Ǳ飬ǲˬ
߹ı飬ҶУ·˵ٺ٣һ·Ҷһһ˹ôأðɣ
߹Ǹʱ򲻸Ҷ꣬Ҳⷽԭǿһֱԩңǵڻһ
ҪܽҶ߿Ļ߹Ի
ۣҶûҶһ¡
㣬ôҶԼùĵطе㷢ʵ
ôǺģǲģ˵ɣΪʲôҪҶץҶ˵߹˸
ӦֵˣŲǼ
飬˳㿴ңҺҵģ߸硭ҶЦ˵仰е֣ʲôʱҶ˻߸磬ƺǲܵ顣
ܿ죬ҾˣԭΪ
ȿȣʮʲôʱѧƨˣ˵߸ҺվڲԶ߸ܵ˵ֻǣȴ֪ܲ׽ܣΪҶǾһĿĵġ
ֻ˵Ϊô˵ҶҪ飬Ѳ˵ģҲνŪ顣
򣬷Ҷ˶Ѿ˵ˣǾԼӦҲ޹ء
ͺãҶЦ˵ЦķʽǺ棬һ֪ͼıġ
˵ɣʲôҪģ߸ʱֱӵʵҶ˵Цݣ;ԼҪͷʹˡ
߸粻߸磬ⶼܿóҶһԾӡ
˭֪㣬ڣǼ鼴߸û˵ڵĻпΪ˴ùϵҶ˲һһĿĵġ
ô˵ҿɲǼ飬ҲǵֻɹһЩ϶ѣҶ˵
ֻǲɹô𣿡߸һ£ɹ飬ɽģȫ⡣
߸е̫ˣе㲻š
ǰô򵥣ΪжѣҶ˵ͷ
ȵȣ㻹ǰҪĶң嵥һ£߸绹ûзɾ裬Ҷ˲ܻô򵥡
ǣɣҶóһ嵥߸硣
ʱ߸ſ϶ˣԭֻǲɹ϶ѡ
򵥣㿴嵥˵ɹû嵥Ҳ̫ˣмĶ࣬һһЩԼûġ


721 ӭӣ1
߸ҧҧȻݺݵ˵Ǯأ
ܾȻˣܾĻôҶõǮɹǸԼҲǸԼһ
ڸãԼԳûҪǮԼҶ˵ĿľǮ߸յϢ֪ҶʥΪ˿ʱ򣬺ݺݵĹһʣ
㣬һ򣬹ɹˡҶֱóһƱ߸磬ҲڴϣƲ¶׵ĵҲˡ
߸һٶȽӹƱյָУٶ˾ۻ׻ĽƱûгֹһ
߸Ϊ˱ƱΪ˲˿ϰߵٶǮҶ˵ʱһǾûˡ
ڱ˿飬Ҫ⣬ҶǣҶҵߣû˸ﶯҶҵ⡣
ϵҲ󲿷ֶĵҶʿǲҶͼǽƱڵϣҲҶҡ
ǲ̰ģ֪Լ̲ҶҵĶֻҶԼҶ£ҪʲôʲôֻҪĲ㡣
ûУһһ㡣߸ؿҶˡ
һ򻹲Ҷ˵ĲѵҪô
Ҷ˵嵥ʵֻҪ߰ʮͿԸ㶨һǴ´࣬߸籾ҪٴùҶ˵ĽƱȻ˵
˵Ļһ˵һô᲻Ҷ˾Ͳᣬᣬһһó
Ǿٸʮ򣡡ҶóһĽƱ佻߸硣
ҿʮСҲ̫˰ɣ־óһʮ򣬲֪ûУ
߸һٽӹʮƱȻҶˣɻе⣬ҲǱЩڵ⡣
ǰҶ֪ҶǳܼӣֻûмˣȻǳ㶼óһʮƱ˴½мˣûУûκ
Ҷ˵ı飬õһʮ򣬿ͺһʮһ⣬ϡ
ûУеѣ߸翴Ҷˡ
ˣȫ㣬淳ҶóһƱҪٺֻܶ࣬ǰѣһҲиʮ
Ҷ֪߸ҪʲôϴѾԼǮιڿ϶ҪһΣԼǮҲã͵Լܹˣˡ
ţ͵ЩǮЩϵģ߸ģ
ȫ𣿡߸ؽӹƱһ䡣
ǰҶ˵ͷص
Ǻˣһ㶨ˣ߸ܸɴһ仰ˣҶ˲˵ѣ˵ûǾһûˡ
Ҷң˭֪Ҷǲ˵ѵģǲ˵
ֻ߸ΪȻǮ֮ƨˡ
Ȼ˶߸ΪΪ¼ǡҶˣȴû⣬ȫûκεΪ֪߸ʲôˣ֪߸˶֮һܡ
ɲһˣÿ߸綼ǼҪҪ˶֮󣬾ˡ
̣ǻز¥ǻؼˣˣӵЩˣҪʲôҪĻ߸磬֪ôġҶ˻ͷԺ˵
Щˣ˳ȥЩˣһȺ¥ˣЩǱʵŮǼ¥ò¥ӵĻ𱬡
Щ¥֮УһݵŮرͻʮֵ˵ã
뵱òŹЩˣǳģҪݰĿ̫󣬽ȴҶˣֳЩ顣
˵ݻһջˮ
Ҫ˵Ӱʲôϵ˵Ϊʲôôƣʵܼ򵥣¥ʲôĹ̫ˣⶼӰ˼ҪЩԼĽС
ݱݣڽ¥֮󣬲Ÿ֣ӰϰԱĹϵûκεĹϵ
֪ˣһ߹ӵġЦЦȻ˾뿪ˣʱҶլ¥Ҫֿ·ˡ
ö飬ǹ߸ܵģ̸УڣҶ˵ǮҪǮȻҪȥˡ
֮ǰֲ߸ҲͼְְλѾˣһк֣ܶ߸Ѿٹ顣
һ˻߸Щ˰ҶҵˣҶ˵һЩҵ˭֪߸Ҷ˵ǮǸҶЩҵˣȻ߸ϰǮˡ
硭
Ҷһ֮ǰֳһϤˣҲյϢģǾ硣
ʮ˰˵սһףǸѾͷӲɱ̰ǾֱУҶһӵ֮˺ְҵ


722 ӭӣ2
ѾˣҪҶ˽µսҶ֮ʹùݵЩ飬̫λˣ޷ʵ֣ҶҪսøɴһ㡣
һʵǵˣҲΪԸ񣬲ľڲ֮ء
ûʲôʱҳдһ㣬ս󷨣бֻֻܽհᣡҶ˵
Ȼֻ֪ԼĲõġش
ʱ򣬻ΪҶҪ˵ñʵ֪Ҷдıһ磬ϣֻܲο
ͬõİ취ȻҲͬˣ
˵ʤĶ磬ƺȫûκεЧΪпռƷûݶ飬ûʲôе顣
ǰݷڿռƷ֮УܾڽܸɵĻǻҪʲô
УϵʿսûĸߣһЩûˣ
ȻͬĶǺܶģ˵ǺаģӱõִսһֻҪ侫裬õʲôطпܡ
似Ҳһںϱ
ҶڵıʵҲһЩ򵥵ģرӣģӰ쵽Ĺɡ
ˣǵøдһˣͽˣھ֮Ҳһˡ
ˣʲô˼Ҷһʼ㲻飬˵ʲôܿˡ
ʮ١
뿪֮һȺһȺǽҶǸģЩ˶ҪһʱҵҶ飬ԻյϢ֮󣬾̹

Ҷ˶ԴҲֻһӦʵڲ˵ģֻܽʱ䶨֮ģԺкܳʱ
飬ҶҲ˴ң֪Ҷ˻ܳʱ֮ЩҲͷҲͲôżˡ
͸ɢȥ뿪ˣ׼֮Ҷˣ
ڽˡҲˣԭΪǲŻߵİҶ˲ŷ֣ԼѾҶլĴſڣֲЩ˻Ծ뿪
Щ˿ǺԾģ鷳ҶˣǺҶˣֻҪҶ˿еʱԼ⡣
ǿҶѾ˼ſˣȻҲɢȥˣٸȥ˭֪Ҷ˻ؼ֮һкܶ໰Ҫ̸ž۵ʱô᲻ʶȥأ
С˵ĳ湻ģȻô˽ӣôʱҪ䶯ˣʱſڣ΢ЦſҶˡ
ȻûгȥҶˣҲſڵţ
ҪĻ͸㣬鷳ˣ߸Ҳ֣ǶҪؼңڼҲͿˣҶһúܺЦ
еȲˣ֪Ҫʱǲ֪˷ܣÿ춼ڴ̽ҪϢҪһʱõҪĶЦЦ֣ҶԼߡ
ʾ⣬ҶҷֻܹԹԵıŽȥеɽ𺣵Ҳûа취ȥ
С˵ܲ˿˵Ϊʲô˵һ¾ˣҲˣҲһģһҶ˽Ժӣһʵ
ҲˣҲ˵ģˣҲһҶ˺ֱӵ˵
Ĭĳ߶̫ˣô˵ҲУҲûˡ
ܲЩˣһҲҾͺСˣǶҪҲûʲôֱ𡣡Ҷ˼˵
ǹŹ֣֪Ҫ׷ţô£׷㣬ôܲأЦ
ܲ˾ܲ˰ҲŲҪأСˣС߶ԲԡҶʱһߵ߹
Ȼ߹Ȼǵͷδޡ
˵ҲСˣʲôʱѻһ£ΪķأҶ߹
һ̵ġ߹ʱһ죬ǿɰӡ
ףСߣ˰һֱԵܵܵŴԾӵģ㲻ѾϰˣʲôҶʱŹ߹κδᣬһα˦֮
С˵˼أʵ
㰡ҲԣöڣʲôʱУҶ˵ϰˣΪϰˣûκεĸо
ߣʲô㣬ô˵ҲǽĴӣˣʲôʱ˵ߣʲôʱҪȢˣһл񣡡߹е㲻˵˵


723 ӭӣ3
ֻǣȻ߹ˣҲ̬ȣҶ˵ĸҶһл
ⲢνҶ˵밮ϧ뿴ҶΪԼΪѡ
ţʱһ𣡡ҶҲ֪ǲֱӵصͷ
ǰɣĻֲ֪ҪȶˡЩƵ˵Ҫģһ
谡ȵܵܵĻʲôСģҪҲȵȴġҶʱ廰һǾҶСĵܵܡ
ˣôˣ̫ûмˣԴûĵ˵
Ϊ̫ûм棬ͰԼĶŮˣ
ҪǱҶ˵Ĵ㿴֪ʲô뷨ΪԼĸƫģϲҶС
Ǿǣ綼ôˣûдɩжҲСˣüˡҶǵͷ·ϣǳɼһ
ǰиҲϴСˣԼˡͷȻҶ꣬е
ʲôˣĸˣҶװͿװ֪˵Լ
ƢҲ֪ʲô˿Ҫ㣬ҡҡͷ̾һĸŮ֮УĵĲҶˣҶꡣ
ҶȻԺģߵŮӲ٣һ߹ΪδޣĻֻǳ⣬ȫõġ
Ҷ׷Ȼ࣬һһߣҲ֪ʲôʱܶҸù޼ˡ
֪壡Ҷʱ廰
壿е㲻⡣
壬ѵ˵˼ֻôǿ˲Ľ
Ϊʲôأɻʵ
ΪƤʹ򣬿ԾŰҶЦŻش⣬ܴɰ
ȥҶһëȣҶ߷ɡ
㿴㿴ʹ򣬻ģҶڰкƾȻŵġ


ҶլĴ֮УҶҶ˶Ѿм䣬ȴҶ˵ĵҶеʱ߸羹ȻҲԱߡ
ȻҪˣ֮ǰܳȥʲô
ʱҶûʱȥ߸磬ΪҶҶҪ࡭
Ҷˣ뿪죬ΪʲôŵҶֱӵʵʱˣԼոպҲҪ⣬ֻǱҶ˸ˡ
֪ǻŲ׷ϣҲ֪ôǵģǿ졣Ҷڻش
ҶĬһᣬƺѾˡ
ԼǸ·ҶǱǵԼߣִˣȻЧ
ʲô·ߣʵ
·߰Сش𡣡ҶץץԴҪŪ·ߵĻǾͲ·ˡ
õģȴӡ߹ش·߼򵥵˵һ顣
԰Ҳ·ģôˣҶü߹˵ģߵȫһ·ߣǾˣôء
Ҫ˵Լ֪Ҷ˵ǰĻ˵֪ǰ棬һ·׷ȥôأ
Ҳ֪ˣɺϰɣҶ
ˣͲˣҶʲôɺ϶ܷˣǰǱߣ߶ˣҶ˵ûټ⣬ɺ̫ˣûбҪȥȥ
ȡˣڲҶͻȻ˰ȡ
ȻڣѾӶפأһ㶼񣬶ΪųǺٳȥġʱ˵
һ飬֪ˣǧҪײңȻһᱻѵҶ˺С˵¼ȣΪ֮ǰʧԼˣȻǹġ
ʲôûй㣬ֻǹԼôСģû·үǶʱ֪жûڣģѵ㣬ܸˡ˵
ͺãһ԰磬ôôģѵ㡭ҶͻȻԣʵ
ѵʲôֻ밲Ⱥˣ⼸ǶʵսѵӶμսû˵޷밲ȵʲô⡣
ĻҲȷһʵȻӶ壬ֲʲôرӶţʱŰȵӶת밲ȵĺͱȽ϶ˡ
⣬һ⣡㣬ҿ϶ŮˡҶһթӣҶС˵
ţ⣡絥ôˣиŮҲȽܺðҶͷ˵
Ĭ֪Ĭˣǲ˵ʲô


724 ӣ1
ʲôʱ飿ҶͻȻ䲻һ䣬ȫΪ֮緹үӰôҲϹ塣
үүûʲôЩ˵
ûʲôԺûʲô磬ǲǲ׷˼ңģңҰ㶨Ҷʱ˵
һȥ㻹˼Ҹˡŭ
ŶˡˣԼ㶨Ҷ˵ıǷᣬ翴ֻˡ
ˣҪæֱ˵ǻģҿǶиɩ߸ʱһߵ磬ǱҪж
ǡ˵ºòãʮҶòáΣֻתƻ⣬һкãϾȤĻҶˡ
ʲô飿ҶһӣԼûʲôҪ˵ġ
װˣ˭֪һγȥɶٺ䶯˵ɣһ·ʲô飡ȸǱ߾ͲҪ˵ˣʥǵԺҽʲô˼ǰоҽ𣿻ʥŮԯô㡭ʱתŻ⡣
ⶼʲôʱˣҪǴ￪ʼ˵˵춼ҶϣϾ̫ˣЩҶҲ͵ĺˣҪԼ˵ˡ
ȻȽϾԶһǺܺ棬ʮʲôʱѧҽһô˵ˣΪʲôûҽιǣ߸ʱҶˣҪʦܶࡣ
ҶǰôҽǰԼЩܵﲻǺȻ
оʱ򣬾ѾҽˣֻûиǶѣΪʲôûҽǣܼ򵥰ûңҶ㶵˵·˵ǵĴǲҵġ
ҿ㲻˵Լҽô㣡߸ͬʱ
ǵ飬ʲô飡Ҷһ˵
СӣǲƤˡȭͷ˵
ǰôһ㣬ץץҶ˵˵ţͽתָԼ󱳵ĳ
еץˡ
ˣǱˣڻ˵£յѾˣһһЩҪ㣬˵ż׷ʲôĲ룬ʲôı仯Ҷֱӽؼ⡣
Ҷ֮ǰȻ˵Լյ飬м仹кܶûнע칤Խżֻһʴû˵κһ顣
ȸ۹̫Щ֪Ҷ˻ҶǣҶҲûϼȥ
ô˵أ칤Խһ壬ǵѾһ˼ĵزȫԸı磬ҲҪõģҶüһʱ֮ҲҲ˵ֻܱȽͳ˵һ¡
Ըıʲô½ĸ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҶüȻӻͿôˣҾͿԸıҵôҵӷ㣬ǽһֽͨߣͲᷢŵȸ£ֻҪһʱͿԵ
һʱ䣿ôܣޣȻһ͵ҶҡͷڳҶҲΪǶоսľˣôٶȷӦеġ
˵״̬⽨һ·߹ȥǺܼ򵥵ģҿһ֪ЧҶҡͷ˴ҵ뷨
⣬Ŀ𣿡Ҷ컹Ǻܻɡ
ȻǲܵģҶЦ˵
쵰ˢ棡ҶŭҪҶȥһ١
ţϰ֣Ҳûˣ㣡˵ˣҪҪ⣬飬һҵĻ˵Ҳ˾еͷʹˣ̸оҪܳʱ䡣Ҷ˵
ΪʲôҶЩ⡣
ǾˣӦףĹұĹҵһ·ͨô룿϶룬ԷҪɾӹĻԼӦûʱ䷴ӦͱԷֲˡҶ˽͵
ȷҶе⣬ȷûа취⡣
˫ԼලĶҲԽһʱ֮ǽܲ˵ģܶʱԣҲ˵ܣҶ˵ڵǺܳȴʺϣˮ
Ǿȱˣոʲôţܸܲı½أҶ췢Լƺеƫˣ˻
Ҳ˵ˣãõ·棬Ȼ͸ıˣҶ˵

Ҷ˵Ҷ˵Ƕ֪õżõ棬Ǿˡ


725 ӣ2
֪ڵʲôȻǵõżڶʱ˵ˣ֮󣬻Ҫʱȥ׼ǸʱҵӶܴˣҶ˲˵
ꡭ
Ҷ̲סЦˣҶ˵˾úЦ鶼ûн飬˵ʲôӣҪʲôʱ
ƺҲ˵ԼҪвҲҪܾúܾ֮
ʱﲻôҲǳ飬ǻҪǲǱġҶ˵뷨Ҫ׼ʮԺ飬Ҫδѡ
һҿûԱ˵ľӣûй
֮ĲޣСҲһõ棡
ʵǺѣŲǰɣѾ֪ļǾȥɳȥܰѶԼһһ󹤳̣Ҫܶ˵ģԽˣǲԽл֪ϢԵõǵļҶЦ˵˵飬ÿȥ
СͷǵȻõļҪһ㣬ֻҪһӦĶˡҶʱͬʱҲ˵ǵҪĿġ
ʵǾҪ֪ҶʲôԶԸģǲҪԳưµĶֻҪһıϡ
ӦĶҺܶడһѾˣҶ˵
ʲôˣʲôʱ飬ΪʲôҲ֪Ҷ˶֣Ƕ֪Ҷ˸ʲôⷽûС
ҲǸһųеͼǲҪңûаҵͼ裬߸ıмĶҶ˵
ҡҸһЩЩ߸ʱ˵ʮֵС
Щһһ²޸ĵĵطЩûиİɡҶ˵ԣһЩνͼЩֻζѡ
߸ҲˣҾ̫˷ԴˣԾ˸ĵĸһ£벻бôҲ˵
ҿɲˣʱʲô飬ɲҪ˵ûǣҶ˵
ߣȥĻǵģСֻΪģҲҪͼֽȻҪã㲻ҪùˣҶ߸ѵ
Ҷ˵Ϊ޷ĥ˾û飬ܶʱ򣬴ҿ͸ģûģȴǳҪ
ҲΪҶҵ˾֪Ҷ棬Ҳֻ棬Ҫãǲǵùˡ
ǣȥģ߸Ӧ
ԺҸҵĶǺô֪װ˷˼ʱ䣬߸磬˰Ҷ߸ļһϧӡ
Ҿ͸˼ѣĻֻҪµʱ䣬˷Ѽġ߸ĵҶ˵գҶû˵
ҶЦЦص˵ʱˣ˷ѵĿǴļʱ䡭
ʲôʮ㻹ʲôǵģ߸ҶҲ˽⣬Ҷ̬֮Уܿó϶򵥣һЩĶ
Сʮ˵ɣ׻ʲôҶҲܺ棬һѣ飬ҪҲ˵׼
һǺҪ
Ҷǿ϶˵ҶмĶһҪǾ¼֮󣬸ӿ϶顣
ǸʱҶ˾ȻܰҪˣĴϹţǾͲӱҶ˺ӵĶ
ʵҲûʲôһССľ󷨶ѡҶ˰ڰ˵
ʲô󷨣ôû˵ҶʵȻûоôˣĽӴҲˣ֪ˡ
ֻҶ֪Ҷ˵ʵϵ󣬲Ҳãôҵˡ
ҶЦЦشһܣ֪ͺãǧҪκˣʵ󷨣һЧǿܻһ㣬ЧǽħۼܻһЩĶ֮еˣϰħطһ㣬ͬʱ˵Ҳһ㡭

ȫĬǻǵһ˵飬Ļ˲ҪطǿϺܶࣿ
һͨˣֻҪõĻҲһԳΪһ˲ţʵ̫ǿˣ
㣬˵𣿡ҶЩŵʵôãķ꣬飬ҲһЩż
Ǳ˵ĻֱɣҶˣỳɣ̫˼ˣòһ¡
֪ʥǵ³ɣҶ˵


726 ӣ3
Ҷͷص֪㽨ģڴ½ҽʥأ˵Ĳ˿Ҳһ㣬úܶಡ˶ҪסȻᣬѵ˵Щ˵ĿĿһ㣬Ǵô£
طĻҶΪЩ˵ã֮£ƺˣⲢãǴҶڲΪ֪顣
ǵģҲһ󣡿˵ʣЧǺģǳʱǸطĻ̫ĸı䡣Ҷ˵
ֲãԺõʱҾþˬģڤЧҲһ㡭Ҷ߹ʱû
ߡ
ҵõȷ֮˵Ŀⶼ߸磬ĿƴκεĹϵҪɱ˵ġ
֪Ϊ߸ĸı䣬ǰװ˼õأЩħʦ˵ǲˡġ
ǺǣǸȥġ߸ܻˣ֪ԼһᱻԹ
СʮҲǣôõĶô˵Ҷ߸ȥҡҡͷԹҶ˲˵
ܣұ˵İˣǾͲҪˣһĿҪºУû²ҪˣиѧҪûУҶ˵ʱŹѧ֪ѧ֪Ҷûģ᲻ơ
ѧʲôˣҶ˲֪飬ҲûҶѧ
ʵѧûҲû֪֪˻ΪѧðģҲ֪øԼðĹϵӽҶңѧͱൽС
Ҷ˵ѧȫûһᾭ飬֪ôȥ顣
ѧ˭Ҷ˾һѧǾѪС㣬Ǳ˶֪Сס
ǰɣûС˵Ѿǰ˰Ӧ͵ˣСѾͷòֱ˸˰ɣУҪȥ֪ͨСǣҶҪ뿪Ҫ֪ͨѪȥС㡣
Ҫ֪ͨʲôˣǰ֪ͨҼҶסҶ˵
ףҪԼ֪ͨûа취˵С壬Ѫ壬ѪġҶ˵
Ҷͣһ£Ȼ֪Ѫ飬Ҳ֪ѪʵԼܲӡ
Ҷܳȥˣܿܽˡ
ôˣ㲻ȥ֪ͨ𣿡Ҷе֣Ҷôųȥͻ
ʲô֪ͨ˰˵Сڸ¾ͻҶ˻شе㷴Ӧ
˵ʲô֪ͨˣ֪ԷڸҶһȻ֪Ѫأ֪֮ϵʽҶ˿Ҷլ֮Уǵĵ̡
ǵ뷨㷽ʽ⣬ҲҪڸУǵĵ̣ϵʾѪˣ
ǰС͹ˣѾ֪ͨ˷ˡҶ˵ͷƺûвʲôԾֻǻشҶ˵⡣
㵽ô֪ͨģѪ˽𣿡ҶЩüҶ˿ܷѪĻ͵ڰԼȫڱ˵
֪ͨǰģ𣿡Ҷеֵʵ˵СһˣСѪġ
ǣˣҶ˻ΪҶ˰ѪҶҡ
ҶˣЩҪзִ磬Ҳ֪Ѫ鵽ʲôϵôѪ˽ǼһͼıأҶص
һˣˣȻȥС㣬ҽڲ¥ˣҶüȻתȥ
ιιС˵Ҫȥļңסȥסڲ¥ɺͳסҶˡ
үү˵Ѫ˽һкܶС˵̸ֻˡʵҲҪڼģ鷳Ҷü
ǸС˵Ĳû˵֪Ҷᡣ
үү˵ѪģǰҶɻ
үү˵ոϵЩˡ˵
ϵˣֲڼǲġҶ˻شԽԽԺˡ
Ǹոϵģʵ
Ȼǵľݵ㣡Ҷػش
ʵ
ģҲܸ㣬ѪڲϢֲѪˡҶҡҡͷӦ飬ѪеȨޣҲҪѪĹء
裡û˵
Ҳ˵ԭ⣡ӦġҶҡҡͷ


727 ã1
ѵ˵Ϊ˼壬Ҳ˵𣿡Ҷüʵ
ǾҪʲô£Ѫ鲢ûΣ飬ΪΪҪ֪ǲ˵ģҶ˻شʲô⣬Ȼ˵һЩ˲ˡ
ҶǲΪҶҵδΪʺϡ
˵һ죬֮ìأҶʵ
ܻͻ⣡ܻ⣬Ҳûа취ˡҶ˰ڰ˵
˵˫ֻһأҶʵ
һͱסҪˡҶ˵

ʱ򣬴ƺŷ֣Ҷ˲Ϳһѳӣ飬»ԭ򣬾Ǽ壬Ҳı䡣
ʵϣ˵Ҷʱ飬յ۹ʵĻҶ붼룬վҶһ档
Ѫ鲻УΪѪٵİһֱǱҶȻʲôʥˣ𱨵Ҳ
Ѫ滹Ѫ壬ѪС㣬˵ģһѪҶಫѪǴһҲһᱣѪˣܼǲǷԡ
෴Ҳһ
˼ԣμ˫սվһ档
ҲܷǰҶһпܣڵҶҶģκһѪǲܻƴġ
ʲôģЩᷢû£ֲǲ֪ҶˣԺģʱΪҪѪ鲻ϣǸʱĿ϶ǸС壬㲻֪ʲôΪǸС壬ǵɽ𺣶ȥҶʱ򷢻ˣתƿҲ΢˵һҶѪĹϵǾԲ򵥡
᲻ȥҲ֪ǸС϶Ϊȥ߹ʱ˵˽Ҷ˵飬ҶˣͬʱҲΪҶ˶ʲô˵ʲôҶ˶žԵΡ
ǰ˵ǸС廹ܱ̬ģųµһɱ֣ɱ˾Էһ򵥣Ҷʱ˵֪仰й©һЩӦй©顣
񣿣ԭȻѪ壿Ҷ˺ǾȣǶɱְע֪µһɱһµɱ֣Ƕȥԡ
㣡ЩͺˣҪ˵ȥҶüҪֹϢЩˣҲ˵ʲô
ȻҶû˵˵ȥôҶܸоһҶ˺ܷУʲô
ˣЩ鲻˵Ҷ̷ӦԼ˵ЩΪЩҶ˶Ѿ˵Ҫȥ
ǲҶ˶ôҶԺ᲻ԼܣΪԼ˵
ѪĸǿΪǧ֯ʵҲǺģҶˣѪ鵽ʲôϵ˵𣿡ҶʱñȽСˣֹȻˡ
ǹѪһҶ˲˵˻ŵù鲢û͸¶Ѫܡ
ѪһҶǵʱ͵õȷϣ֪ȸʵԼһ£ҲԼܴȨԺѪе顣

Ҷ˳ĬҶ죬ҶҲһľȣˣҶ춼֪
ǰɣ˾ôѪһҶԾʵ
ɶѣֻǹţֻкôûκεĻҶ˲˵
ֲ߶ԭѪ͵ģı߶ǸԼԡҶЦ˵ڶͻȻΪѪĹͷͷú˷ܣܸˡ
ټѪϣҶԺڴ½ϣٺߣҲ˹
ţټϣٺߣҶ˾ѾԺߣҶ˾кܶౣϣҶңʥǣ壬ȸЩ½ϵӴĺܡ
ʮȻѪĹϵôУҲѪǼ棬ҲǼѪһʱüֱ˵Ҫ˵飬ǿҶԸ飬һҪ˵С
ҶѪһҲҶҵʮ٣ܴʵһ
ûаҲ˵ˣѪ˶ҶңǾҶͬ⡣Ҷ˻ش
ո˵ľݵ㣬˵
˭˵ģǸݵʮȻܼӵֻΪ˰ȫѣûнҶҵڲҶ̻ش
ʮոôϵģôϵʮ֮ĵطʱֵҶ˿ʼԾˣΪʼգǶҶ˸ոճȥϵΪ˽Ӧ


728 ã2
ѪڲһֹߣԻͨţϢֻжõ˲ܶЩ˵ʲôһĽ豸ڷԲͨţҶǵľݵ֮о豸Ҷ˻ش
ԭǸö֪֪ôҶˣͬʱµ⣬ǾҪĶ
оսҪľϢĴݣһʱõսı仯һʱӦһʱ֪ͨǰĻֻҪʵ⣬ǻϾӮˡ
ҶǵķΧܽһ磬еĳɱܸߣûбҪĻǲҪʹãʹò֣Ҷ˵ͷش
ǾͺãʲôʱɣҶ˷ܵʵĶԺҶǵķǸӵˮ©ˡ
ǾҪ߸ˡҶ˰ڰֻش·ĽȲ˵߸С
ΪʲôҪߣ粻ʵ
ΪЩ豸ŵλãҪ߸ͼֽϵĶеطšҶ˻ش
ȻôණͼϣΪʲô˵ڶҪΪˣ㻹ʲôͼֽϣһ˵꣡е𱬵˵ҪҶ˽һνҶ˰鶼ˣ˵һ˵ġ
һЩСأڽʱʹãʱһᴦģֻҪ߸簴ͼֽϵˡҶ˴ػشĻش𲻾Ǹˣм仹Ķ
Ҫ֪ĻһҶƴ
Ӧû˰ɣ飬ǹעžˣʵҲõģǸʵҪԸҲȸ߰ǵʱ򣬴½Ҳ඼ѾǾʲôҲıʵҶ˵˵
УȻһ̬Ůˣȴһûʵۣһǲ÷ϣ񲻻˲ĳУ
Ҷ˵Ļô뵽һЩû飬Ҷ˵Ǿ仰˾еĪȴƺһһʱ벻ȴео뷨
ܶԺǲȷ֪˼ʰ̫̫ĶҪһ㣬Ǿںʱεأκ֮ϣҪƫС
ڵҶңȴһֵ⣬ǵƺеƫƣ
ʦ
ʱһɰŮҶ˵ǰҶһ񣬲һʦ
Ů˵С㣬ڳҲ֪ոҶ˵ѧԭôһŮСѡѧôɰŮ޸ǳ
ֻϧЩ޸ȴ֪ȥܣ
С㣬ã߰ɣҶ˶һ仰һȺŮˡ
Ҷ֮ʣµЩڳĬƺŸոյ顣
磬ӣԼ飬̫ġһ˶Ҷ˵Ҷ˸ոյĻڳһЩĸо
ǰСʮ˶һ㣬ѵˣԼҶҵΪҶңСôأһ˵
˶ӵ壬ԼΪһˣȻҶҶǾԵġ
ҶҶ춼ĬһᣬŸôȥ˵顣
Ժ飬ǲҪȨҲҪһ£
ڳĺܶˣҶ˵ȷе㲻ģԺ鲻ܽҶˣ͵ڽҶ߳Ҷҵĺġ
ƺһ飬ƺûнҶʲôҲûиҶʲôȨ
壬幫ҲӦ˽ʮֻǲ˵ѣʱ򷢻ɫǳȡ
ǲ˵ԲŻ˵ĵ뷨
ʲô뷨˵ҶҶԸѪ飬˵ѪԸҶ𣿻УҪѣѵ𣿡
˵ΨһľúĻ˵飡ߣͬһ飬˵úǲȥΪԼҳ϶ж
ǣʵ
ϵʵʲôʮ˼ٰЩ˾ȳգӮطа֮أУ߶Ĳҵ֪𣿾͵ǽƱϽߵģѾ򣡣
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ʱ˶е𾪣ǻ֪Ҷ˸ոո߸һʮ򣬼ǰģѾˡ
ңһʲô֣ǿ֣ܶ飬һ壬ҲǲСʽ
⻹ǽǽƱҵ
ҶʲôûУЩʮĸĸҲǸģ޹أУ˵һʮȨһ£ʮʲôʱùȨһζùûУȫûУ


729 ã3
˵Щ֮ƺû꣬Ļں棬˵һ㣬ҲҪһ㣡Ǽ彻Ǽ飬飬һǱ˿ɵģҶҵˣ𣿡
ȫһƬžûзκεڳ˼ĳ˼
ĻͷһеԺѣƺŷ֣Ҷ˶ҶҵãܱȣҲ˿ģ
ǺЦովȻôҪȨͷȫһЦ
Ǻ⣬Ҷ˵ãͬʱĻҶЩеĵλǾԲĵط
ЩСûиǿ۹ⲻЩµҲĿõģһѾǶһ
ոĻҲһվʮλϣ˵Ļһᣬ޵ݡ
Ҫһ£һЩȨЩСҲȻҪе飡
ҶҶƣԼĶӣȻҪñΪ֮ƽΪ֮ͷˣûǰֳ徢Ƕˡ
ҲΪ飬Щ˶Ҷ˵̬ȸȷˣҶ˵ĵλԽԽȻ
֮оĵģû֪ôȥ
߲һģҶ˵Ժȴ֣
ҶˣСС𣿡߹ҶС㣬Ҷ˵СĴڣֻһֱûм
ǰҶ˵ͷϸģһʿЩ齻ҷһ㡣
ֻϸģƯ߹е֣ƺڳԴףƺڴȤ
԰ɣȻҲᱻˣˣҲҪһȥºҶʵǰʱСһסġ
С̰ڲ¥ϲһϰߡһȥǲҪҶش⣬һ䡣
Ҷ˵ϰ֮УСһţֻҪһطС̵ĿȴֻһǾΪС̵ķˡ
˽֪飬ҲѹҶʣһΣҶ˿ɲΪ
һģҲҪæ֣ҲһʿҶ˵
ܶʱ򣬴Ҷ飬СһʿһһܲʿҶ˰æǴ´ġ
ܵܣ㵽Ҫʲô飿ҪȥºܾƵġҶʵΪҶ˵Ҷǣƺ
ţӦûиһصģпܻһ㣬ҪҵĴĿܲɣҶ˵ͷ
㵽ҪʲôĿôҪôʱ䣿Ҷֵʵ
ʱȱܣʱ֪ҶЦ˵СֹһʵҲ֪ܲܳɹ㣬ǵʱ㲻ǻЦң

ԭԼҲܿ϶ˣҲҶǣʱ棬˵ԼҲȥǱߡ
ֻǣҶȴ֪һ£ǾҶ֮ͽºˣ֮ûκ˿Խȥ

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¥
ҶǵĲ¥ֵĵط֮һеľпյʱ򣬶ȺȲ裬СϷ硣
֮ǰһ£¥̨̲ڣﻹһ֣һ
Ϊ¥ѾγһӣһˣҲ仯ܴ󣬳ЩȫˣǾͱȽˣҲò¥
ܶ¥ֻΪϲзʽԺȺȲ죬Ϸ
һѾϰ֮ǾͲһʱܸĹһ㣬Ҳһϰߡ
Щ˲Ҫˣˣ˵Ҫָǰˡ
˶ѾյϢ¥̨ǣҲѾܾûмģڴ̵˻ˡ
ҲΪ˱ˣ
Сʤ»
ʲôԣʵ˼ģ
С̣ȷϻ𣿲ȥϰ壿
ڲ¥֮УһľĶСԺС̧ͷڷ֪ЩʲôͻȻ߶һŮ⡣
ŮǱˣ̡
̡Сûлش⣬ֻǽһȻֿʼˡ
̾С̵ߣʵʲôϰ𣿡
ʱС̴һᣬҪشʲôͻȻͺ񱻲ȵβ͵èһ̾ѣ˵Уֻʲô˸ԡ


730 ؼң1
˵ϰ壡㱾Ӧúһȥģϰ岻֪ж㣬ҪڵĻҲȥ¥ҲͲЩáЦ˵ָһСߺɰС
˭֪ڣҪҪԣҲһȥġС̵˵
˺ˣǫˣ˭֪ĳ˫Ĺ𻨸ҪԶԶǵĺóԣҪϰڵĻ϶ѡġЦ˵֮ƺŶʼɡ
С̵ĳҲǲ¥һƣܶ˶Ϊ˹Ĳ㣬ԵĻҪԵСľϯ
ֻǣһ£С̺ȥϯһҲһϯһһϯľƲˣҲڶ׷Ķ
С̵ҲɴģúܶΪ֮ҲһЩΪеط˹ҪС̸ϯֻһ˸¥ᱻҶǡ
Ϊ˶֪СҶҪ֮һ͵ڵҶˡ
ҶطȥҶ˵ûУǲȥˡ
˫ôû˳ԻһС̵˵ǳеȾˡ
ôû˳ԣҲ֪ҪĶϰҲһ㲻Ҫ˸ˣһҲ㣡еͷʹ˵ټС˵Ǹûм
СֵֿģͲ֪ζŮеȴܿɰ
̣˵Ҷ᲻ҡʳ᲻ңǺǣˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪𰸣ôܻԺģôҪСЦЦһЦ֮УǰСƺͻһ㣬һ㡣
˵ôˣԭڽϰˣ֪룬֪ôȥϰ塣ˣ֪Сʲô״
ܶʱżĳˣĳ֮ǸҪʱ֮ǰŵģĪ
ʲôҲûнţֲûмֻǡþûм˶ѡСЦЦƺָվҪǰߡ
ʱ̻ΪСĻָģֻ֪ܿǱ
Ҷ˵ȻС̰㶼ʲô
С̺С˵ţС˵ЩʲôԿ϶һ㣬ǾС̻״̬ûлָ
ֻûлָΣҶͺˣ֮ǰ˭Ҳûа취
̾ãҶҲܽҲҪ죬ΪҶ˵黹кܶ࣬ôΪС̶
뷨Сһģֻ˶û뵽ǣǵǰʱһְֺ޵ģеԺǵǰûκεףͻȻĳˡ
ţãҪأ
С̵СţؿǰҶˣ·̫ͻȻˣûκε׼
ʲôҶеˣȥһ̨̣ˣ˶ɤˣףôˣôҶеɻʵֻΪŮؿûκεĶ
Ҷˣ㣬𣿡Се״ˣҪǲģΪʲôһ̫ͻȻˡ
Ȼģҿٰģţǲû¶ѣôϲˣҶؿڣʾԼģͬʱҲ֣СôˣôϲԼǼ١
СҶˣҶЩʹЦŷſ˵ʲô£а˸ûˡ
˸²ҲǼ£һˣûأҶ˵һӡ
ˣ֪ˣȥȳһ㡭СЦóһЩĸҶˣȻתȥܿĵġ
һ㰡ҶúܿġҶ˳ŵģС̺
֪׼ˣܿģС̻صȷѾ׼ˣ֪Ҷ˻ʱĵһ飬³Ҷ׼ʳ
ǸʱûҶ˽᲻ֻ˼ά
֪Ҷ˻֮󣬿ܻ̹ȥҶ˼棬ҲпܲŲʣҶ˵Сȴ˲һķӦȸҶ׼óԵģȻ֪ܱܲҶ˳Ե
ǺãҾߵˡҶ˺Ȼȥ˸λλòǰģҵġ
ÿҶҸλûй̶ģ
˵ٴͻȻʼƽƽĽС


731 ؼң2
ϰ塭С̡
ڿʱǾе죬ʵǸ㲻ˣһóȴƫƫˣһǺںģȴƽ
˵һֱʶǵʱ
̣㻹ʲôڵ˰һŮֱ֣ߣֵϳˣǶڵˣվ﷢ȻǶ˵̨
̳ĬˣԼ̨ҲûдȥҶ˵Űֵ֣ôš
ȻעţעҶС̽飬̨ϱݣҲһ
ţûоã˫͵ǣǸʱҶ˳С̵ʳܾڿԼ
ڿǣô˵ֻۣǾú档С̻ص˵ʱ򣬻˲ٵʳ
Լˣ
ЩʳɲǸҶ˵ģĻһҶ˳ԼˣǸԼ׼ˣҲҪԶġ
ˣʲԶǻεģոʱȥôãҲӦٴβˡ
С̳ϲҶ˳Լʳ֮⣬ҶһԶ
ͬԷһͨ飬ȴҲСģŵһԷ飬ΪϲԵԵʣԲŻĸо
һ֮£Ҷ͵ԣʳûа취һԣʱѡҶһͬԷ
棿ʲôúģ֣ˣǱȽ֣ô࡭Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵Ҳ´̼С̡
֪ʲôҪˣôһС̴ڳţ˳ʵȻ
һĸоͺһڳԷһŶţ̨ϵֱ̾ΪʲôӦּ˸жپ
ܶ˶㲻˵ʲôĹϵ˶һòشΪ˶ȥش⡣
ʵ˵Ĺϵĳ˵ҲǺܼ򵥣һֶѣʮһͬѧ
˵ദ˴˶ϤԷѶԷһһͬԷ
Ϊ㰡һˣҺûиҪҾǾöӶˣԷҶеԺ˵ȻҲûϸ룬ͼԷˡ
С̳Ĭһᣬ뵽һ㣬ǾҶҿ϶ҶˣΪҶͻȻʧ
Сû뵽ǣҶ˱ںС˵ģ˶ڸţҶ˵ҪϸҲ֪ô£ͻȻͻȻС̣˹
ҶΪѾҶˣԼҪʲôﲻҪͱ˵
ҪǶӶˣ᲻ңС̽ԵʵҶƺֻжӶʱ򣬲ŻԼĴڡ
ᰡҶ붼û룬ֱӻش
ģС˷ܵؿҶˣû뵽Ҷ˾ȻشǰĻҶ˶˵ᡣ
ɲǵһˣÿһζһû뵽һλԼ⡣
ţģҪҵ֣ȻᣡҶЦ˵
Сŭ֪һҶ˱ˣûģ
ҲֻŭһᣬΪѾϰ˵飬ҶǾԼˣҲа
Է
ҶСһᣬֿһ̨ϵĸ磬̵ĸ磬ҲΪҹעҲ̨ϣ̨µҶˡ
˵Ҷ֮󣬺û˵ע⣬ΪҶ̫ٳټôöûлûжʶ
˶˵Ҷ˵Ĵڣд󲿷ֵ˶֪Ҷʲôӵģ֮ǰ˵Ȼ˵ܶҪҶˣм仹źܶ˲ʶҶˡ
ʱҶǲӦøлʱϢ̶ȣڵĻƬһڸط˾֪
ҲҶ˵ķ㣬ǳˣȻͨ˵
ţ߰ɣҶڹ֮ͻȻ˵С׼뿪
ߣȥС̴ʵһʱ֮ûзӦ
Ȼǻؼ˯ˣҶ˵Ȼܼ򵥡

ؼҡ
С̵Ժ֮Уֻ֣Ϲһ˿Цݣһ˵оЦݣһҸһܰ

СôвˣȥҰ
ǵģҲܲˣ֪᲻ֱýץˡ




732 ؼң3
ºǴҶǶһСǺܴľΪ幫żСЩɫĻĻǺܲ
ֻǿϧº϶ɳأȫɫһƬҲΪ˲Ǻܶ࣬˵ǻ̡
ºôһû˹ĵطһ߾ƶɽɽȥɳĮ˴ﾭ
ͬʱºҶǵľ뻹нҲԭ
Ҷ֮ѡطΪطƫƧҪһ뱻κ˴š
ֻǡ
ʮҪѡطʵأʲôûУҪϲٵʱ䡣ңĻҲã߸Ҷһ鿴ط֮Ҫܶ飬ΪҶڣҶ˾ͱ
ţˣҪľﻷãȻĻľͶˣҵĶǱ¶ˣҶ˵ͷ˵
㵽Ҫʲôˣ˵ǰɣҾˣŪ֮ҪңУһºҶǵЩϣҪǵ¡߸˵
֪ˣŪ֮󣬾֪ͨһʱһȥҶ˵ͷӦ
ˣ
߸翴˿ҶߵˣҶ˴˲ᳬ
ҲȻģ˭ܲµõΪҶڻľֻһС̣һС㣬֮⣬ûκˡ
ʮĲһЩʿҪǶҪġ߸ʱʵ
ҶҪоһĿҶǵʿѾյϢˣǶҪҶһоȻǲ֪ҶоʲôǿԿ϶ǽһ𾪣綼Ϊ֮𾪡
飬˭Ըᣡ
ֻҶȴܾˣ˵Ҫо˶˲ã
ÿˣĻֻǵģֻңҶҡҡͷ߸磬Ҫ㽫ҪĶ͹ûЩҵĶ޷еġ
֪ˣҾĿǰҪǣҪҲҪסĵط߸˵
ܼ򵥣ҶЦ˵վű𶯣
ʲô򵥣ҪŪһҲҪ졭ȵȣ˵վűʲô˼߸ͻȻһ⣬Ǿ˵Ҷ˿ڶʱʹһ񼣹㳡
ѵ˵Ҫͬİ취һµġ񼣹㳡
ĻǾҪڴˡ
Ҷһһտĵط߸еܽţ߸һģҶҲǺܽţҶҪҶô񼣹㳡
Ҷһģɲ߸磬һЩĵʿ෴ҶҵȴûҶ߹
ҶҺͦæģ˵ҶæΪҶ˽ֻȥأûʲôر飬ֺαظأ
˵֪Ҷ˽ҪʲôĻһ߹϶ǻǱҶȥ
ž
ҶϰԵ˫һģȻ˫ְڵϣĳһγڴҵǰ
ϵĹâָĵ棬ԽԽ󣬴ҶߣнºΧơ
ģġ
Ҷ˵Ķñϵ˵ȵƺеżˣȻżҲȥҶˣֻܴĿҶ˫ְŵأء
ʱһȥ
ˣҶ֣˵
ʲôˣ
߸˶ʵôҲʲôһģΪһԼǰ벻ʲôûС
ֻҶﲻ˺þãҲ󣬵ʲô仯ûУﻹĻߡ
ǰˣǿԻȥˣҺͷţСˣпաҶ˱һֱߵСոСҶԼץҶ˵·ţš
ǻȥˣô죬ţʲôûа߸üʮȥҵ׼һ°ɣ
ˣʲôûУܿͻˣҪ׼ҶЦ˵
ܿˣʲô˼߸粻ףѵ˵ЩԼɣ
ûǻԼǵڶ쿴ʱ򣬾ͷ֮ǰһˣ仯һı仯
Ҷһβ񼣹㳡ķʽıطһֺһֱȽϻģȻһģһı
ͨ׵ķʽͣǾ֮ǰҶ˵ǽһֱӷչɴھһӣȻķչ


733 ˼ɾ1
֪֮󣬺ܶҪҪۿҶȴˣһ۷һЧ濴ֻܿҶ˸ҿĶ
ǿҲûãҲһĶ
ҪȥҶ˵˽ҶҲһܾ⣬˾͸˵ˡ
֮󣬾û֪淢ʲô飬أҲͺ˹עˣٹעȱǰٺܶˡ
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Ҷ꣬ߺˣһûй㣬ĻӦǺҶһģ߹ŲˬҶ˵˼ԣڹҶꡣ
ô֪СӾȻչأܾ˽ȥңҲνСڣҶҧҧǲˬҲûа취
ȻǶҲ֪ǲǹģС̺Сţ֪ǻ᲻£߹˵ֱСĴڣϾССûʲôв
ܳʲô飬һãҶһϱҶν˵
㻹˵ãһҪѵѵ㣬ȥ䳡߹ܲĵ˵ҪȥһܲŻܺݺݵһҶꡣ
𣿡Ҷܲ˵

˵ҶҪŪʲôҶҵ˽ţ˭֪Ҷоû֪Ūʲô
ǵĲ룬ҶҪŪĶһܾˣȻҲܣصػо
֪˵һĿ
ϻ˭֪Լ˵һĿʲôĿʲôģ
˭֪û˵ҶǶ֪ô֪˵һҶ˵ıܹòȻʲô˶֪
ʲô֪Ǿֻܵˣ֪֮ˣ

ڵȴʱҶҲæµţȻ˵ҪоҲҪÿġ
ʱСС֪Ҷ˵ĴĿһĿ鱾ͺܴ󣬲ܲɶһδֻ֪ŬŬá
ûģһʼʱҶ˻ֻǸǼ򵥵Ĺ˵طãȻҶ˵ܽһԴһЩ飬Ҫġ
Һã˶ȽУûʲôţ
ڹ֮࣬Ҳһֱڽ⸽øԽԽϲһҪϲ뷨
ʱǲòһҶ棬ܽƬߵĵطһ˼ɾ
ţһοĻһҪӿȻǰܽ
ǻûüҶܿͱҶĿĽŹ֮Уÿ춼ҪҶǵģҶ˱ȽУ춢ºڷ
ȻҲ֪Ҷ⣬Ϊÿη֮󣬾ͻµĶ
Ҷ˷ʱСܻһ𷢴ܰģûзκε
ƽʱʱСһҶ˵ߣ仯˼ɾʱǻᵽܣǸںϷˣڻ֮֡
ȻСЩ֮⣬һĹΣǾѧϰ
Ҫȥ˵ѧϰҶһЩ飬ѧϰţЩ鶼Ҷ˴Ӹռģʮֵķḻ˵
Сڵûѧϰһֱѵ״̬һһţʼѧϰ˵ҪҶ˵æ
Ҷ˶Դνѧϰʲô׵ģҲָ㣬ҲԺСӵмǿȴΪ֪ȱʱúܶ˶⡣
ҶºĵطºĺСͷﱾûͷģ֮ǰǸӣһ˭ｨͷ
ڲһˣҶ˵˲߽һзıǰ棬һľͷСͷҲ֪Ϊ˺ÿǱô
ӦΪ˺ÿΪҶ˳Сͷ棬СͷͺôˣСͷСûС
ȻºҲ֤СûУûд
һº󡭡
ʱ䵽ˣʮӦûپܾ˰ɣҪ򿪣߸ºڴĵ˵
ȷ˵𣿡Ҷʵ
ʱĿһ֮ǰ֮ͬǰֻ߸һЩˣȴкܶܶ࣬ҶҵˣлҶ˼εҶ磡
һЩˣҲ˵ϰСǲǱҰˡ


734 ˼ɾ2
϶ģ֮ǰͶȥ֮˵Ҹ㶨Щ顣߸ػ
˵ҶΪʲô˽ȥǱܣҲҪôܵġһ˺ɻʵ
ҶҪ籣ܣҶ˱ܣΪʲôأ˻ɡ
ʵ⣬֮ǰСҲʹˣĵطܴ󣬶༸˲ӰʲôҲ֪ҶǲҶ߹ܵģ֮ûκεܣǰûУûУҲС
ΨһĽ;ǣڻ˽ʲôطܽԣŲ׽Ľδ޽
С̵õĴ𰸣ҲΪʱ˭ԽҲܳȥö
˵֮ǰҶҪ徻ҪܾҶֻΪûа취
ôҪȵʲôʱ򣬸òҪɡ
ʱһĹȥҷ̫ҪӽƽˣϾҪȥˣʱҶ˻ûг֣õȴԽԽýûϷмѾɢȥ
ҶҵһЩҲ뿪ˣϾǶҪģֹĵȥ
Ψһûһȥģǲ¥ˣһеӣţûΪʱƶֽ顣
ʱ̡
ףôôˣҶ˴Сڴҵǰ

ȫһĬƺΪҶ˵ͻȻֶһʱӦ
С쵰óٲըƽˣҶȥҶ˾һСᣬȫûһ˼ľ
ﰡ㰡᲻óΪ֮󣬾Ͳܳ룬Ķ͡Ҷ˺޹ؽе
ʲôͣҶץҶʵ
ĶҪҪȥҶָ棬ʱ滹ǿĶǺ֮ǰһ
ҪȻҪҪһʲôҶӦ仰ҲúܶǶҪȥҶҪǲ˵ȥԼͲûнһˡ
ҲûʲôǸıһĻǶܺ棬ǾһȥɣԺ⿪ţʱ䲻ԡҶЦ˵ӻ֣Ǹȥ
ʱڳһμ֤漣ĴڣǾԼȷģЩȥˣһܺڡ
ûǺܺڣһЩȥˣԶҲ漣Ϊ漣ʵ̫ˣ
ڳˣоԼǰһһ֮£ͳһƬλõĳⳡ̫ͻȻǻԼոǲΣǡ
ʮĻþ𣿡߸綼һʵ
֮ǰǻþڵʵڵģɣҪСĸţ𵽴ܡ·ˣͲҪٽˡҶЦ˵˽Ǿλһĳ
ȷλһ㣬һ㣬߸˽⣬֮ǰ￴ʲôһƬߵĻأڣһƬ߲ʵ֣û߲ʵģ
˵߲ʣ˵֮еĻֱֻҶ֮ɫлɫкɫ
Ȼ߲ʣȴ˸оܺгŲθУֵĸоĿ
סߣԶˣҶһηԸˣʱ򣬻û̫⣬þԶһôֻҪžͺˡ
ܿ죬˾ͷ֣ԼŵȺͻȻʧˣ
ʧˣϢʧˣǸеܾ棬ҲܻţҪȥ׷ϣȥ֣޷׷ˡ
ô£
Щ߶ˣܿͷ֣Լţͳ֣ȥͨǻص档
һŽȥʱ򣬷ԼܿһγΧһһΣһֱˡ
ֻεķˣȴţߣֱӻȥˡ
ףôԽԽˣҶߵһЩȽ˷⣬ǶԼƺԽԽˡ
Щ˸ᣬǸ˵ĻԵҶ˵
˵ĻԵΪ㲻鷳˽һ¾ͺˣ˳˳ܣĻҶĺľͻήˡ
ϰ塭ôģҪסͺˡ
һʼûôĻ֮һССɳ̲ˣʲô˼ɾ
ﻹ֮ܳΪ˼ɾĻ˶Ϊ˼佫վ
ʱҶѾȺºϣ֮ǰûгֵССҲš
ֻǣطƺҶ֮ǰڵĵطе㲻һСͷˣҶ˵סķӲˡ


735 ˼ɾ3
ȻҲзӣҶ˵סĲһﲢҶ˵֮ǰڵĵط
ºȻСҲмҶԭҲģֻеֵǣطȻҶ˵СͷҶڵĵط
ûطǿǸط
Ϊºİص㣬ϺߵľȫҶһβǴȥ֮ǰĵطġ
δ˿һĶͬʱһ˾沢ûʲô顣
ΪԺ뱻˴ţֱĿɣ
ʱźܶ˶ãҶ˵νĿӦþָ仯仯ȻֻҶ˵һƷ˵Ѿһ˲漣
԰ԺǿסҪһʱ䣬Ҫչһʱ䡣ҶЦЦ˵ش̵⡣
ԼֻǸоӦòзգ˽ס׷Ļ
˷ǿɳܵģ
Ȼºηչ֪ġ
̺ǿĵЦţ˵ϰ壬Ǻˣϲ㣡
Ҳǣ¥ŮҲһ𺰵

ĽСӵ޸ôŮӵأÿһŮˣŵ½Ա
ιιģҿǵϰĶҲҪʹң߹ʱһ仰ʱձø˼ˡ

δϰעôʣҶʱ򷢻һ¡
ֵ߹Ĭˡ
һʱ䶼ڸĴĿ𣿡絭ʵЩ˵ûʲôرЩ
ȻҶ˵ƺԼĿģҺѾΪˡ
ȻǣǻҪڸһЩӣرķӣһߵС̴Ҷ˵ĻڰҶһ¡
Ҷʱƺ뵽ԼĿҪŴҵġ
رķӣǰⷿһҺڴһ߹ʱҲ֪ڴǰС̽ӻһڴӡ
߹ڴҲǺȻģΪܶ˶ֳͬı飬Ҫססλһĵط
ǺܶҪסĵطһסһʱ䣬Ҳ˱ʮ㣬Ȼкܶڴ
ڴҶܿԸ߼
߸ʱѾ뵽棬һ˫۾Ѿ˽ңипҶ˹ȻһҡǮŪĶͿ׬Ǯ
û˵Ҷ˽ﵱȺｫܸߵļǮӦûϰҵ롣
֮ǰﲻһߵĵط½洦Կĵط洦ɼĵطΪר⣬ǻ˶ʱ䣬ֿԸɵй
ֻҶ˿϶û뷨ΪûҪ׬Ǯĺܶܶ׬Ǯûȥֱӵ֤ҽԺõǶʱ׬ʱ䣬ûȥ
߸ʱĵľҶ˲Ὣó
ģķӽȻγɣǾסҲ⡣Ҷ˻ش߹⣬˵Ժ󽫻ҶǵĸߵסլҪķӣȥ߸磡
߸仰֮󣬾˷ˣոպµѾ仰ˣ
Ҫ򣡣һ˵
ҲҪһ˴֮£ܶ˶ʼкš
һʱ֮䣬ֳúΪ֣
ĿȻǴĿ߸ʱģǸпӡ
߸˵ڵҶЩӣЩɾ԰֣һĿ׬ǮĴĿ
ͣһ£Ҷ˾ֺҶ˵ٻֳǳ궯ҲȫҶˣҪҶҪ˵ʲô
ҲżȻǻңﻹҪܶطҪҪ裬ǻὫøӵӵĺϺҵ⣬Ҫʱģ˵һжҪ֮󣡣Ҷ˵
ʮ٣ʲô˼һЩӦʵ
ǱⶼҶ˺ܲ˵仰Ա˵ĿУ֮ǰһᷢ쭣⻰Ҷ˵ģҲûʲôġ
Ϊڳˣ˭֪Ҷ˵Ը֪Ҷ˱ôֱӣҲᱻԼЩ˵ԣ˵Ҳ⡣
ԴˣֻЦǺǵģʲô˻ᱩס


736 ҡǮ1
ҶҲûô࣬˵ҵ˼ǣطʱۣҲ⿪ţҪȵ֮ЩŻῪʼ
Ҫðʵƺе㼱ɴֻĻԡ
ҶЦЦɵػشҲ̫õģꡭ
ȫסû뵽Ҷ˻˵˵ҪȵʲôʱȥˣԼܵȵ
أ߸˽Ҷ˵ԸֱָĹؼ֮ǰҶ˵࣬һ١
߸⣬ƺҲˣȫڴĿҶˡ
ٵĻҲҪһأҶ룬ش
һذǲã
Ҷ˵һأҾͷˣʱǾһزã෴̺̣ܶܶ
ˣҿˣǾͳȥɣ˵ǶеȼˡҶЦ˵仰úܶ˸еʧ
ʧΪǻҪһᣬһᣬһֱһᣬҶȴҪȥе㲻Ը⡣
߸ʱ򣬲ûʧãЩ˶һ̾ͻиһ㣬ͻҪҪõķӣĻǷӵļǮͻӵķˡ
ˣ߸Ҳʼߴٴҵǰɫˣһǿȥɣ
ʮ˵ţǲʲôرĵطȽϹһ㣬ƺҶ˵һ˵ֵʮ
Ǹʱ򣬴ҿǴҶ˵֮УͺûͷӬ浽ҴھڸǾǿ
ոյǸеǸںˣȴԽԽ٣߶֮ˣҲûиġ
ǸʱԿ϶һ£Ҷ˲ǴŴֱߣǶתתǰʱһ֮ĵطҪתȦƹ
һ⣡
Ҷ֮󣬾Ц˵ûǺرģû˴·ǽģǽ֮ͻ·ȻôŬתȥķʩ֮һԺһᷢһСߣС߻ҸôСҲ֤̫ͨӵУ
ԭã
Ҷ˵ʩǵû˾òãǸкãΪǶеλˣǶϣԼӵһ˽˵ĵطϣû˴ţҶ˵ʩǵõһط
ʮСͷԣĻֿһǮˣ߸а⣬Ѿȫռˡ
ˣ½ңȻʱ߶ˣֲ֪ǻʲôط֣Ҷָ͵͵ȻʧȥʸԺʸҲУ
Ҷ˵ĺЩñҪһ̵̲뷨ˣǿɲΪһʱ֮죬ʧȥᡣ
Ҷ˴ȺȥˣĿƺȫڸˣ˲ʲô
ҶΪչأȻе㲻˼飬ҲпܵģΪҶʲô鶼óоľȻҲпܵģһǿŶȺܸߵġ
ֻҶ˱ˣС̼˲֪Ҷ˵ĴĿЩֻһƷȫҪĸƷֻΪҶҪһõоĵط
ΪҪڸҶ˵ĿģҲбȺ֣⻹С̵⣬Ҷ˵ĴĿ̫ˣǲ֪ãҶҵˣҲһҪ֪
ԣҶ˱֮ǰǲģǱ֪ˣҲνģֻΪûûоɹŲˡ
СڽӴҶҪоĶ֮ҪԣþǲɹҲҪţȻҶǺܻܿΪȫ½Ľ㣬ܻս
ûսҶ˵ĶսĿ̫ˣ
СҲ֪Ҷ˵ĶҪǳɹ˵Ļǽпܻı½
Ҷ˴˳ȥʱЩƺΪҪ֤һҶ˵ķʩһ߶ˣһĶҶΧ֮⣬֮Ļߵϡ
Ǵ˰浽ʲô
ܶ˶ˣҲܾĽۼ˼ɾǵĿ֮Уӵˣһأûм˸ӵڴ
ҲΪ֮󣬹ºͳ˹עĵط˶Ҫȥһʼֻ濴ܽȥ
ԽԽºΪеʥأԽҪ߼£Ѱ߸ԽԽ࣬ļǮҲԽԽߡ


737 ҡǮ2
Դˣ߸ǷǳĿģʼȡ˵һֶȻ޳ܵ˵ֻǾıѣҪõºķӣҪ
Ļǵⶨ𣬾Ϳˬˬ
Ȼ֪ǲеģʧȥţǾãԾһȻȡһ볡ѡ
Ǹʱȫ½Ǹܶܶ࣬볡Ҳһ׬ζЦ
ȻˣⶼǺ󻰣߸ô⻹һδ֪
ڻصҶ֮Ҷ˲ûдССȥ飬ȻؼϢһҲϾɫ߸㼱ҲҶھȥ顣
˸ûȨˣȻҪҶ˽Ӵһ£ҪҶϵõһЩôȴִ֪磬֪ʲôʱʲôʱ򲻸
Ҷˣγã߹ڻصҵʱҶһ¡
ͻȥˣɡҶ˻ش
찡һҪһȥº߹ƺںҶãںҶԸԸһº
԰Ϳһ𡣡Ҷ˵ͷ˵߹Ҫºֹ𣿿϶ǲġ
ǵֹ߹ȥԼڣ޷߹֪Լʲô顣
Ǿô˵ˣԺʲô飬ɲԴһ𣬾㲻Ҳãֻ߾ͺãҪһΣչصʱҵº֪߹ʱ򵭵˵֮УƺаҶ˵˼
Ҷ߹˼ȴܿ϶صͷ˵ţһһ㣬ٻȸһչء
ҲҪңУҲҪȥҶʱҲ˵
㣬Ҫȸ㣬ȥ֮ҪҪҪһпܻһ࣬ܵ𣿡Ҷ˺ʵ
Ҷ˾߹˵Ը񣬾һطܾãҲ⣬Ͳϲ˽Ӵ
ҶͲһˣǺöˣһû̵ĵط϶ĵ衣
˵ҶҪһҶ꣬Ҫ¾ʱ鷳ĻԼ
С߶ԣôԣǵչˣҶһᣬȻݺݵ˵ƺһ˲ľ
Ҷ꣬ҪǿеĻ㻹ˣ棬Ҳʲô飬˵ǻһ³һΣ㲻ǿԼҶˡ߹ʱ˵Ҳ֪ҪߵҶ꣬ΪҶá
Ҿ͸Ӧˣ㶼˵Ҷ˻һ³һΣǾ͵һ¿ԳһΣǾȫûˣҶ߹Ļ֮󣬷¶ҪҶһˡ
Ҷ꣬㻹ڼˣ㻹кܶİ߹û뵽Чֿˡ
ʲô飬ֲҪҰæֻҪãΪһǿħʦͿˡҶν˵Ҫ

òҶ߹һֻҪоͿԣǸҪȥȻʵֲĻǵǿ԰æڵҶǣѾôĹģ͹ˡ
ǲҲһģ
һֱû˵ֻǸŵҶ磬ʱ򿴿Ҷˣƺе㻰Ҫ˵סû˵
Ҷûע⵽ҶΪͬʱҲûйҶľһҶֲ࣬νģҶլΪƣҪȥԼԺӣһߴġ
һûж˵ģлҪʱ򣬶ţ˿ţҲ˴ȥ
Ҷ˼žţſҲûʲôˣֱӽȥˣȥʱ򣬷źܶˡ
Ҷ򸾣Ҷˣƺ棬Ҷ˽ʱǶһ¿Ҷˣü֮¶˵ı顣
Щ˺ȴҶˣ֮ǰҪȥҶ˵ģǵ࣬Ҷ˵߾ߡ
ûȥǲҶǸºھҪ֪Ҷ˵ºʲôΪʲôôĹע
Ȼ˵ûȥϢѾյյٹº֪Ҷ洴һĵط
裬үүλҺã
Ҷڿ֮Ҳòÿ˴кȻȥЩڵԼѹ߹ȥˡ
ȵȣС˵ǻҪءʱǵһʵ


738 󷨣1
ʣѵôÿζҪʵġҶͣ½Ųüͷе㲻ͷʵ
Ҷ˵òԼÿλÿζᱻǵģЩ⣬úûʲô˼һûС
Ȼ˵ҪʵĻǲģĸʶӣȻҪشˣ
ֻʱڳĿɲĸĸүү̣źܶˣҶʱֲôҪش⣬ȻЩͷˡ
˭ˣҪСÿζҪǳô飬ǲ㣡ԹԸش⣡˵ҲҶǲǲͷǲڳ˾Ҷôɡ
ȻʵڳҲҶˣǶϤҶ˵ˣЩʵҲûбҪȥҶˣͨ˽
ðɣʰʰɣҿûжʱ䣬ĵܾش𣡡Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵

ĵ⣬ôһ㣬Щĵ
ֻǣСӵı׼ܲһҲЩҪ⣬Ǻĵģ
ºʲô
˵ǺҪģֻҶ˵ȴģĵúܳס
ĵ⣬Щ߸磬ش𡣹º⣬֪ľҿ˵ģľͲҪˡҶ˵ܽȥˣȫκεĻᡣ
˶ĬˣԼȵʲôѵǵС˵Լ
ҿҲģʵģ
λҪ֪飬ҶѾ֪ˣҲ֪ģҲҪ֪ˣ˵ʲôˡ߸ڴ֮ϲľ˵⣬ӭ֮
Դϴγ״֮߸ڴ֪֮ҲеʶıҶˣҶ˿ԲýӴЩ飬ֻҪԼ顣
Ǿ֪Ҷ˶ЩͲУ˽˻ԽԸ񣬲˽˾ͻᷢᡣ
Ϊ˱ЩᷢǾҶԶЩա
ʵҶ˸ոҲǲشǣֻԼҪǻشĻпܻ˵һЩ˵ģͬɲٶ˵һΣ֮ǰòײŸ㶨߸ˡ
߸ôӦʵ֪Ҷм仹飬Ҷ˲ɹЩ֪Բǽһׯ԰ġ
ֻ߸Ҷ˲˵ҲûмˣҶˣ˵ʱҶԼǣ
Σ˲һֻҪٸʵףҪҶ˰е鶼˵

һߣҶһЩŮڻԺӵ·ϡ
ý㣬ûУҶͻȻһߵҶʵ
ҶһʱһЩ⣬ѾԼķˣոֻԺظţԶҶһʱ֮ҲûзӦ
Ҷ粻˽Ҷ˵Ŀģ˶֪Ҷ˵˼ʲôôͻȻ
ôˣҶˣǲϲýˡ߹Ҷ˵ߣҶ˵ֱۣЦʵ
ǰϲý㣡Ҷ˵ͷ˵
Ҷһ죬е㲻֪ĸоȻֻΪû뵽Ҷ˻˵ͻıףκе㲻֪롣
ֻڲͬˣвͬķӦ
˵֮ǰЩ׷ˣֱӰγ˫˿ˣҶˣûˣҲֻΪҶõܶѡ
ʲôʲôʱϲýģҶ˾ȣû뵽Ҷ˻ϲҶ硣
ܾǰҶ˴ػش
ǰɣܾǰϲȵȣҶˣ˵ϲһ֣߹Ҫ˵ʲôģͻȻһ飬Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵ϲŮ֮ϲܿǱģҶ˺пܻ˸ոԼʻ˼
ϲϲͺϲһҶָ߹ˡ
Ŷԭ
ˣҶҲˣ֪Ҷ˵ϲԼǲһģҶؿڣƺˡ
ʲôģý㣬ûаҶеɻ󣬲ȴû⣬ʵ
ңһûУҶ˴شҶ⡣
ιιҶˣýʲôýûˣʲô飬ѵҪýҸɷ𣿡߹ʵҲҶСҪʵġ
ǰҶҡҡͷʶ˲࣬˸ýܣҪҲǸҽܣҪ޳ȥУ
𣿡Ҷһž˹ȥҶ߷˼
㣬ҲΪҸŮҪ˵İҶ˱űߵƨɣ޹˵


739 󷨣2
ȥȥҪҸ˦ѣٸ˹ǰɡҶû˵
ǺǣֻһСԭѣҶЦǺǵ˵
ߣ
Ҷˣ㻹û˵Ŀġ߹ʱҶ˵˵ôãû˵ոĿġ
Ŷˣýԭ򣬾ҪһӣºҶ˻ش
ԭΪʲôΪʲôҪûУ߹ҶͷӲֻ֣Ǿе֡
ˣҿԵĽûУ͵ļױҶ˻ش
Ϊǡ߹еҡҡͷ
ͣһܣױȱһ㡣Ҷ絭ػصˣҪطϢˣǼģ
Ҷ˵֮󣬾͵Ȼȥ黹Ǹӣûб仯˲֪ǿĻǲġ
СԺҪŮӵĻ˵ҶûҶ˵Դ
ΪʲôҶ˺ɻʵ
ûΪʲô֮ǲԣҶ߹ͬʱ˵СһЦţεЦš
ţ˾ͼҶ˵ԺһᣬС׼Ȼ͸ԻطϢˣҶ˵˼˵컹һЩҪС̣С㶼Ҫ
Ҷ߹ҲҶϢģȻҶ˵˵ĻҲȻҶȥϢȴҪҶ˵С¥йҹ
ǵĻ˵ȻСС㣬СҹΪʲôأ
ȻǿԵģҶ˺ֱӵػشǰ˯˯ֻҪ˯ҵķͿԣ

ڶ죬Ҷ˺ˣС̣Ҷ˸磬׼˴ߵͣ
С̵ͺܷḻḻе㻳ɣ⵽׻ǲͣǵҲԣʮ˵͡
С̣ҶˣҲôɣ߹ʵ˯⣬ڴҵǰС˵
ǰֻǳһ㡭Се㲻˼
ֻһ㣬ЩѵǵģȻˣҲô࡭ŶˣҲ㡭߹һʼеɻǼҶҲˣһСԺԲơ
Ҷ˶ŮӣԵĶǺܶ࣬ôҪ׼ôͣ
ܿ߹һ飬ǾС̵رҪԳʮʳſԣⱾ֪飬ΪС̫ûദһˣһҲˡ
ǶչôͿʼˣ޵ˣҶһ˵ţһҶ˵ߣֵȻ͡
㣬Ҳ޵𣿡Ҷ˺ǻɵؿҶꡣ
˵˵ѣ𣿡Ҷֱӻص

Թ֮Ҷ˾ʹˣȥҶǵ󷨣
ҶҶǵʱ򣬾ͽУͬʱΪڽʱ̣󷨣ʱ·ҲԹơ
ƱֻΪԷһҶʱ֪Լڽʲô飬ǸʱڵĻһԼԷһ
ǵͷʹõģʵ˵ûرӰ죬һ󷨾Ͳһˣǽۼ󷨣˽ܵ飬Ժ˽Խͨˡ
ͬʱΪЧҲӵĿ죬Ҷ˿֮󣬾ʼֳ
ΪԵʣ߸ûٱԹ߸һʱﶼǶҶˣܵҶǱȥߣ˵Ҷ˺ⲻˡ
ԴˣҶֻ֣ܰɲԼ飬ܣ
ҲΪҶǵĸҲʼһĳ֣ҶѧԺҲеĴ½һʵڽ
Щ󷨵ĵطҶ˶Ѿͼ棬ҲѾˣҪľǽЩ
ûһĻԶûκõġ
Ҷڵ󷨾ˣȻѾ׼ˣҲ̶λˣЩ󷨶һûеĻȱһЩ·ЩȱһС
ҶҪľǣȱٵ·Ľϵ·ȱķȻʹ󹦸ˣ
˵򵥣Ҷ˵󷨸ҶǣҲ˵ʮֵӴ󣬼ȻӴĶȻҲͶˣҶ˵Ȼߺܶࡣ
Ȼ˵Ǽ򵥵񣬵ҲҶʮʱ䣬ʮҶ˶ģڳеܣ
ڼ䲻ע⵽Ҷ˵Ĵڣֻ֪Ҷڳеܣÿ춼ڲͬĵط֣еͷԣҶҿҶˣ޷֪Ҷʲô


740 󷨣3
֮Ҷ罻һڳз飬Ҷ뵽˵һ硣
籾ǽӹĳǷ飬⼸ѾΪҶҾһ䣬Щ鱾顣
Ч
籾ʹҶˣҲȥԵģҶ˵֮󣬳оͻֵϵı仯˭֣֪ᷢ˵򲻵ѵʱ򣬾ͲҪˡ
α仯е㲻ʲôеα仯һ󷨣ѵıĵ
⣬Ҷ˻شˣһܿ϶ĻشǾǡģ
ô仯ûа취ͣʱԼžˣ
仰֮Ҷһ٣סˣϾҶѾ˵˻仯ѾԼһ׼

С˵Ҫ𣿡
֪Ҷ˵ڶҪȥչأ͹ʵҶ˳̸һᣬţһᣬ˵һᡣ
ǰҪȥǱߵ飬᲻𣿡Ҷֱʵ
˭˵᲻㣬Сûĵģ֮ͰԺˡҶһ£ȻȴĿڲһĽҶ˱ڻ
裬᲻Ҿֱ˵һʱͳһΣҪ֮ǰκöˣ˵ʵһûιÿεһط鷢浹ùҶĻ˵
ùڸв֪㶼֪жôˣȻܶ飬ȴõܶ˵֧֣ǰδеġеû˵
ʲô֧֣𣿡Ҷ˴ʵЩȻǺģ֪
ˣ˵壡ŮľˡҲûϼ˵űĻˣһЩлҳ顣
Ҷ˵˵Ǻĵ飬ҲҪ˭Ҷ꣬Ҷ˵Ļĵ飬Ҳ롣

ڶ죬ʱҶڽܴҼ򵥵ͱ֮ʱһС״ˣǴҶû뵽顣
ҶˣҲҪȥ𣿡ҶͻȻһ䡣
ȷ󲻵Ҷ籾ǺܰģǰҲûҶ˽Ӵ٣һôͻȻҪҶһȥ
ҶڵĵطȻҶ˵һĵطôҪȥ
ʱ򣬴Ҷܺ棬Ҳû̫⣬ֻǰС״Ϊڴ˵ҶҪȥʲôû̫Ĺϵ
ԣҶ˵ͷûоܾýĸоһĪΣ֪ܣҲһν
֮ĸоʱô֣Ҷ˵ϣǾֵ飬Ҳܻᷢġ
ţҶ򵥵ӦһȻߵҶ˵ߡ
ţҶ˵˾˵Ŀ֮ȥⲢҶһ·Ͼû߿˵ǿ
ڻкܶ˺ܺҶ˵ºҶȥºʱ򣬺ܶ˶͵͵ĸҶˣҲ͵͵Ŀŵĸš
Ҷլºһ·ϣҶ˵ԽԽ࣬ǰҲУһӵˣǻҶǰº塣
ºΧһȺڵȣǸɴֱ࣬ˡ
ллңҶ˶ԴҲû⣬ֻڽºʱ򣬶Ŵ˵һллмҶԼĹġ
ÿʮ٣˴˴ȻӦ
ꡭ
Ҷ߹Цˡ
Ҷ˴ʵҶʱЦʲô
СǲģֻҪȥġ߹Ц˵֪ҶʲôһΪЩԼģǹԼˡ
ҪȥǾ͸£ҶЦЦȻֱӽȥˡ
̸ȥҪҶˣΪǶ֪ûҶ˵Ļͽȥ
ֻǣܿ죬Ǿͷ֣Ҷ˲ˣԼǰʧˡ
ܵܣôˣЩ˿Ҷ˼ˣҶҲһ
ﱾһ󷨣ý˻Զ͵档Ҷ˵
֪֮ǰʱ㲻Ǵ˽֮ǰҪԶˣûʲô顣Ҷʵ
֮ǰЩ˲ôʧġ
һ˵ˣǿ˿ƵģԽб仯Ӵ̶ȣҪ˽ĻҷСߣǰǵ·ҲһҶЦ˵
Ҷ˳Ĭ
У·Ҳһһκһε·ǲһģҪĸһУȻͻЩ߶ˡҶ˼˵



741 󷨣4
ҶֻǸһ·֪·ʱԱ仯ģʱԹرգ˵ҪˣǼǲܵġ
뵽ҶֻܶЩ˸еҶ˵ĵطǲģҪʱͻᷢɱȵ컹ѡ
ʵҶ˻֪ҶڽǿܣҪǿɱĻǴ˿ɲǽȥôˣǵʱǽȥ
ʵҶǵĲֻ࣬ҶǵıȽϴ󣬶Ҷǵķһ㶼ǹرŵģǿŵġ
ΪҶǵӴĿɱĻɵǺܿµģҶҲԸ磬򲻵ѣǧҪʹá
ףһ߹Ҷڵĵط֮󣬾̸оһôԵ飬˭ܸо
߹ϸĳ̶ȣǾ͸Ӳܸо
ͬʱˣҲֻܲͬҪʱģ֪ˣҲֻΪû
վˣûһǼ򵥵Ӧ˵ûһ򵥵Ůˣ
ǰ֮ǰĵطһⷿӺҶ꿴Ҷķӣ뻨ľһķӡ
סĵط֮ǰЩǸ˿ģҶڻش
ڳˣҶȻ˼ҪĻҲͲ
ΪʲôǸطأ߹Դ˺Ǻ棬ڸһ£ȫ֮ǰȥĵط
ֻôһӣоºƺֻôһң
ʵǸطڱϣһЩССĻأ߳Ϊһĸ壬߶һߣмҲҵĸͨģں棬ҲڶġҶ˽͵
Ǿ˵ԺǿطˣҲסᱻ˴šҶ˫һ
ǵģΪǶɼĵطϲĻʱԺ㣡Ҷ˵ͷ˵
̫ˣҶ˷ܵ˵
ʲôҪ˵ģҺҶ˵ĵط߹ʱܲ˵
ҾҪһŵܵܣǾˣҲڣҶݺݵǳȡ

ˣڸˣ㣬СߣӦҵطý㣬СվͽˣѧţС㣬ҪʼˣɹĻǾͿ԰½ҶҲģԸҸȥԼ֮󣬾ͿʼСС㿪ʼˡ
ʼʵǸĿ½еȵģ
ôʼ
Ҷ˲֪ССҲ֪֮ǰֻǴһмһЩ죬֪Ҫô
ʱҶƺڽ𰸣ͬģҲӴеɻ
ֻҶ˴ӽָ֮еһѶѵĲϣʱߵСɳ̲ѻģЩ϶ռĽһЩʯ
ţҶڵϻһ󣬽һЩϰձŽȥ֮ͷ󣬽Ϸֽٺϳɣ
ҶˣʲôСʵûмôѽһ⵽ʲô
ϽǷ㣬ȻĻҪЧûôáҶڻش
ΪҶ˵Ļش𣬳Ͻʾ絮ˣҶ˲֪Ӱ죬ýϣñϣùߵȵȣյܴӰ졣
Ҷ˲֪Ҳ֪Ҳֻ֪ǼţҳѵϣҪĳϽ
ϣͻ˺ܾõʱ䣬֮ǰһֱо֮ǰоĻҪеͻ࣬ʱҲ͸ˡ
ڣҶҵһʺϵģĿǰʺϵģһȴ͵ĳϽֳϽܸˮϡ
֮Ҷ˾ͿʼֳϽ𣬲С˰æһڲ֮󣬾ͿʼЩϽ仯
һϵı仯
ֱ仯ǺԵģ˶ǿԿõģǿһҶ˵֮Уγɡ
⡭⡭Ҷˣ㻨ôʱ䣬ѵΪ
γɵʱ߹Ҷ˾͸ˣôҲ벻ͨҶΪʲôҲҪôĹɣУһⶫ
ⶫʲô
˭ʶһ۾ܿó
ǾһصĴҲãһҴ
⴬ʲô飬ҪҶо
Ҷˣ㵽Ҫʲô


742 ͻͽ1
ҶǣȻڿٵķչţΪ½ó֮һ
ڿٵķչ֮УƺҲҶ˵ĴڣƺҲѾԼΪҶ˶
ֻΪѾڰ֮Ҷڽº֮󣬾ûٳֹˣ˶ûмȻҲû̸ˡ
صϲ̸ۣصһϢûе飬Ǿ͸ûκλˡ
˭֪Ҷʲôû˽ȥҲû˳ȥҲϢһҲûС
Ҷ򸾾е֣Ҫ˵Ҷ治ֺΪҶ˾ˣʱһһе顣
Ҷһ겻ҲֻǾú棬Ҫ֪ҶʲôҪôõʱ䡣
Ǻѣ
ҶֵǣҶ꾹Ȼ꣬һֱûг֣ˣ˭֪ҶͲסӵˡ
Ȼ˵ҲϲҶһ𣬵ɲҶˣŶ˵ºдŵĻ
ԸӦûһᣬȻͻȥһᡣ
ҶΪһҶԵĶȻԲ˵ĻǾöġ
߹ﶼԾĹţʲô˶ûУҶ˲棬Ҳ겻˵Ҷ˻棬ȻţҪ˵꣬Ǽʮ궼û⡣
Ҷ磬Ͳ˽ģҲ֪ҶƺҲֿ԰һطˣǰʱǶҶ˽⣬Ҳôһ㣬ڸвǺǿ
Ϊһ㣬ڸвǿҲͬʱ˵һֱǺܰ
ʲôҶҲô
⣬ҶеһЩҲɻ󣬶Щ˶ҶĺѣҶ˼ʹϵҪҶǿܶ࣬ҲҪ߹ǿŲٵ֪ѡ
Щѣ󲿷ֶǵʱһ뿪յģΪͬ飬ϵҲ͸ӵˣȻҲͶһ㡣
Ƕ֣º֮еʲôҶôģѵΪҶˣ
Ȼ˵ԺܵͣҲûпܵģ˭֪ҶΪҶʲô鶼óȻҲ͡
һ㣬ΪĸҶ򸾣ҲһǹˣҲҲеģֻһССĿԡ
˶ãĿΪҶˣΪҶͣΪҶҶȤ顣
һ㣬ڽ𰸵ʱ򣬴ҶԼ뷨ûдȻֻǣҲǸеǳԾ
Ӧ˵𾪣
ôҲû뵽ʱһ꣬Ҷ͡
㣬Ŭһ㣬ϾͿԳΪһ֣Ҷ˵ƽС𣬶Ҷ꣬ʱ򣬺ݺһҶ˵
ŬһɣҶ꣡ʱ߹Ҳòеؼеĸо
㻹˵ңԼҲһ㻹ûͻƣҶûؿ߹߹ڲ⣬һŬͻơ
ҲΪҶ߹ĻҲǷᣬҶһ
ԣŬ߹˵

Ҷûл˵ˣˣŬͻưɣֻҪͻˣԺԼôôԺͿ첻µزˣ
ҶԼԺӣ˷ܣ
Ͻ㣬ǲ˼ˣҶʱʵ
Ժô۸ǣͻˣҪôǶУҶŭҶ˵
㲻ͻƣҶҲôˣôҲôˣҶ˵Դȫ⡣
ûҶʲôᣬУҲܶҶô۸ΪҶ˲ҷԡ
ҶĬһСᣬ֣ȷûʲôıġ
ʱ߹˵ͻΣһ磬һ

Ҷ귢ԼҪ۸ҪҶ߹Ҷ˲˵ˣԼô䶼һ߹Լô䣬ű仯ҪԼһ㡣
ⲻҲ˵ԼǲԸһ
㣬Ҳ۸磬㲻ŬĻʹ򲻹ˣʱһСŮ˵
º֮УСŮֻôһǾǰСڿҪǰһЩ
ǰĻСһǶҶ˵󣬿ŴҲ˵ڣٿˣ˵ˡ
ȻһҶ˵󣬲ûг
СƺϰҶֻҪû¾ͻҶ˵󣬶ҶеһɰȫС
ҶҲϤһ㣬Żż˵䣬һ£ǻǣҶ˵Ļ⣬Ż˵


743 ͻͽ2
ҶСĻ֮ٴγĬһе޵ݵĳĬ
ûԼŬĻĻᱻСѾͷˣĻҪඪ˰
Ҫ˵ǰĻҶ϶ţһСѾͷԳԼһǸոտʼСѾͷ
Ȼ˵½ֵ˺ܶ࣬ԲôĲ࣬ԼôĻһ׷Լ
ǰ뷨øӲܣΪʱʵһǧٸߵţòܱԼ졣
ո˵ͻƾָʵϵͻƣʱҶѾ½Ľ˿һ磬ٲܴﵽһ硣
ͬʱֻм΢СһˣԽ磡
Խ֮󣬾ͿԳΪǿߣ½ʵĶ
켶
Ҷ߹ͻƵģ磬켶ֻһ֮ңľ磬Խȥ֮ǽΪ½Ϊ켶ǿߡ
٣Ŀǰ˵֪£ģ
Ҷ֮ǰûԼﵽôһ߶ȣֻҪһʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ȼٳȥ档
ţҶ˵ʱٻص￴
ֻû뵽ڿʼļͱ߲Ӧ˵Ȼԭ⣬ԼԭģǺҪġ
Ҷڿʼļ֮󣬾ͻȻҶ߹ָһʼʱҶ߹⣬Ҷҵġ
Ͼǵ֪֮УҶǰʱ򣬴ûнӴħָħ
ܿ죬ǾͷҶģҲΪ˶Ҷ˵һţһҶ˵ķһʰˡ
֮ǸǷҶ˶ħ˽һҲԼ˵ۣؼħʦеա
Ҷ˵ħ֪ʶ̫ḻˣÿһħоִҾѾʧħҲ֪˼ģ֪Ϲħ
Ϲħһֱһ˵Ĵڣħʦģ۸ٵĴۣǶҪһֻû˸Ǹ۵ĻᣬΪû֪ҲûκεĿ
ΪʲôҶ˻֪
ͣҶ˺ܲػشһ䡪
ҲǸ߹ǣҷһϹż
û칤ԽϹż˶עע⵽һ㣬Ǿ칤Խλһ
˶һ㣬ȻϹżǾһһЩϹŵĶһЩϹʱڵļأ
оͰϹħϹ似ȵȣЩǴҪģ
ڵõҶ˵ش֮Ҷ˶Ĭˣǲŷ֣Լ©ˣȻûȥ룬ǶôЦʧ󣬲ȴҲǴҶ᷸Ĵ
ȥôˣûһ뵽棬ǵĸоУ·칤ԽֻûĶ
һβҶ飬Ҷ߹Ҳ뵽棬ҲΪǻҶ滹ʲô
Ҷ˵Ļشܸɴ࣬Уǣ
ʱҶҲûȥٸʵףҶҲǻشˣش˵Ҳǿˡ
ʱҪĻǰҶ˵ָħҶ˵ĵߣ
Ҷ˳˵˵׼һЩҩԡһЩȵϡŹֵİ취ҶʱܻҶǵģЧʵǺǿǲòȥţЩõġ
Ҷ˵İ֮£ڶ̶̵İ֮УͻͽѾͻ켶ʱ̣
ǰĻ붼룬ǾԼ뻹Ҫʮʮ̶ܵȣ
ͻ켶ĻǾ͸ҪȺܾúܾá
ⲢǫʵҶ򸾾Ϳ֪˽ʱҶ֮ǰҶ˶ʮˣǻڱԵǻţȻѾ޽ӽûͻơ
һһúܶ޷ԽĿ
ţӦ˵еţҲһѿԽҪʱҪǻۡ
ȻҲǿİ취ǿͻƣͻ֮Ժ󽫺ͻˣЩȻͻƵ켶Ϻܶࡣ
ֻǣһЩһӶ޷ͻƵ˵ְ취ֺηһ£ͻܱûͻƵĺã
ԣ£ΪʵͻͽҶ˾е㻳ɣҶʹõİ취᲻ĺ֢
ûУ
Ҷ˵ĻشҲ֮еĴ𰸣ôܻҶ߹ʲô֢һӶ顣
Ҷ˵취Ǿľϸ㣬ֻǼ˵Ǳһִٽûκε𺦣ֻٽЧ̫󣬴˻Ǵٽ


744 ͻͽ3
˵ĻҶ߹˻ͣһ£ῼǲҪҶ˵ĻǾͺǵļˣΪҶˡ
ڰھʹﵽ߶ȣ͵ǾҪ߸ͽϾҪͻƽ켶ӵľ֮ʱǵĽֹͣˣ
ҲΪ֮ǰĽչ̫죬һҲȥˣ
ǸʱǻҶˣΪʲô
õĻشǣѵǲ֪Ҫ켶ҪԼˣǼģһӶˣҲûκεİ취
Ҷ˵ش֮Ҷ˳ĬˣҲˣԼ̫ˣҲ̫˳ˣ
̫˳ˣ뾳ǲõһףһѹأҲһ㣬ԼԼʵ뾳硣
ʱѾһǰˣŬͻƵʱѾһˣ
ſЩ˵ûͻƣ͵ڵʵ¼Ѿ˶Ըˣǻ֣Ǿ켶֣ҲһǵĶ֡
ţһǳ֮һ𾪣ٻҶ𾪣һο϶Ҷ˵Ĳ˼飡
Ҷʲô˲֪ҶָƣھȻԼƽʵ̫˼ˣ
˵Ҷ꣬ҲòСǿĻСȴûУ֮ǰȫһѧߡ
أ
Ѿһӽ켶мּʮغϣǵ۹СĽѾŵؼľ硣
Сȱٵֻһ㶷һ򣬶еĹؼ֮ǰǶõĻСǿԼȥġ
ȻǸӽ켶ҲûʹöѹСȻĻʮغ϶˵
Сӵеǽ磬ȴûжܣԲŻֻҪ۾Ϳԣȴô׾Ϳģ
ţСؼֵУҲʱ⣬Ľչ̶ȣʱ䲻ᳬ꣡
ǸʱӵеؼĶܻӵ켶ľ磬Ͳǵؼôˡ
ģҶһΪ㣡
һ㣬Сű̬츳ڶ㣬Ҳؼһ㣬Ǿŵһ̬
ΪҶ̬СС̬ű̬Ľ磬޷ķʽʵ
ҶţСڵĽչҪҲʱ⣬ǼԿ϶飡
ҶеĽе㼵ʣеޣҲûа취˵ķֱ𣡣
ͬʱҶãֻҪҶڣһ츳ķֱҲǿֲģԳڵҶ˵ߣСͲһˣܸҶ̫ãᱻͻذ۹
Լƣ
Ҷ˾ƣ
һ㣬ڳ˶ֻ֪СûȥѣֻŸҶˣȥûԼܻҶ˷ֿ
ҲԺ飬ƺû˹ģֻǸԵ飬ȥоļоȥ˼
һĻڽ峿Ҷ߹ѰͻƣҶССС㣬ڳС׼֮׼ȥǵ顣
Ҷ˵飬֮һֱ飬ҶȻȥָҶˣһûзԼĴĿÿ󲿷ֵʱ仹顣
ÿֻгԷϢʱ򣬲ŻҶһ˵һЩǵĽȡ
㣬Ӧѧѧý㣬֮ǰʵҪһ㣬ȴһҲǣ㿴ôŬʱҶ˿ԶںУվľ׮֮ϣ˫ֳֽҶ磬ܸоҶѾ״̬
ҶһʼڣôŬŬҲõ˻رʵ׷Ҷˡ
֮ǰ˵Ľӽ켶߾ˣԼ֮⣬СҲǰҶ˷ֵ
Ҷ⣬Ҳû˿ԴСģҶÿ춼æţûжʱ䣬Ҷ߹ħʦϵġ
ڴ˼䣬Ҷ߹Ҳ˵СħһѧߣԸı䣡
ǣħôɱɱôħʦŮӵѡ߹Ůӡ
˵Сȴҡҡͷ˵
Ľģ
ԴˣҶ߹ûлˣҲȥҲȥ
ѾŬˣҶʱ˵ȥ˵ʲôҶŬǿͬʱҲԼ


745 ͻƣ1
ǰҶʱѾܲˣ̶ֳȣýļǱȲϵġ߹˵⻰ƺڰҶ꣬ƺҲڱ͡
Уʲô˵ңԼһ
ѭ򽥽飬ҾһζʱȣǿܻЧ߹˵
ûÿ˵ʺԶһ˱ȣǿֻõЧҶ˵ͷˣǼȥˣ
ǾͿͻƣҶʱ

ҶҲû˵ʲôֱˣϾкܶҪ
һʼˣʱÿ춼ʱҲڴϰߵ֮йȥܿ͵˰
ÿʱС̾ͻ׼ͣС֮УǱȽģҶС㣬һæ֮󣬻ʱȥ
ҲҶⰲŵģζҪйɣԷĹһǲƻֳʱ飬ҪúõıԼ塣
ʱС̻Ὣװʳ֮УƽʱԷĳϣȻͿʼȴ˻Է
ⳤСıϣÿζſڳϣϦ£ȴҪȵ˻
ȴС˵Ǽ尾һҸһֵܰҸ
ȵȵˣһ£ȵˣ
С̣ȥϴ¾ͺһȣ߹С˵仰Ѿϰˣÿ˵
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С̣ʲôˣҶȻڲ֮һȿʲôԵģڸ֮ȥϴ衣
ţһȴ
ĸȴˣҲǵĸˣһҶ磬ȻŬʱ򣬶׼ʱһԡ
ҶһСڽ֮󣬾ȥҶ˵ߣȻȥҶ£ֻһ߰š
ʱҶҲ֪Сڱϣһһضĵطһܵ˺
Ҷ˵֮УѾ֪ٴη⣬ʱ˶е£ҺҶԼķʩǿÿһζǺˣȻģСС̵ķҲǺǿҲһˡ
ᾪŮƴ֪Ҷÿζ֪ҶÿζҲһһʱϹ
ÿǶ˵ҺĶȻĻҶҵᾭ
ͬʱţҶǵҲû̸Ҷ˵飬ǻ²ҶʲôΪʲôĶ

˵Ҷ˿Խǣָǣʲô磿
ʱҶͻȻ˵һҺԵ飬ҶҶʲô鶼õȴûҶԼʲôز
ڶѾҪﵽ켶ˣҶȴָǣǲ˵ԼѾ켶ˡ
˸ое㲻˼飬Ҷ˻似ħһǲ˵һħ˫޵켶ǿߡ
Ҳ֪ҪʱʡҶ˵Ҳܺ棬ûֻûȥϸ롣
ʵ𰸣ҲҪ˵ʱȻ˵߹˵ɲҶʲôʵֻҪҶ˾ˡ
Ҫǻ˵Źˣһ鵱飬ϵ飬㲻ǲ˵ġҶû˵
Ҷ˵ϰߣеΣܶʱ򣬴ҾҪ飬Ҷȴ޹ؽҪûиߴҡ
鷢֮󣬴Ҳ֪ԭ֪ˡ

ϦҪµʱǾɫһ̣Ҷø˻ҲкֱӾһƨ˵ϣϦ¡
·ǸϹɫģҲƺҪһһ̣
Ҷ˵ΪҶѾϰˣǾᷢ飬ֻҪҶʱ䣬һϦ֮ǰԷ
ˣҶ˺
ţСʳеĲóڵĸо·Ǹոճһ㡣
ܵܣиҪ㣿ڳԷ֮Ҷʵ
ʲô⣿Ҷǩʵ
㵽ӵʲôʵ켶𣿡Ҷֱӵʵ
ҶҲֱӣҡҡͷشûУ
ǲ˵ѣǵĳ̶ȣԼôûأҶʱʵĻҲֱ˵ûڵġ
ҶԸͬʱҲҶ˽⣬Ҷ˲ϲĨǣӦ˵ҶĨǵĻ


746 ͻƣ2
̵˲һҪᣡҾСˣԼ𣿡Ҷ˵
Ҷ˵Ļ˶֪飬˭֪Ҷ˸С̺ܶʽҲǽСˣЩҪԼĻһǺġ
Ȼ˵ҶյĲ˻ǿԣֻǿԶѣ
˵һģСߵգѵ˵Ҷ˾ͱ𣿺ԣǲܵġ
̵˲һԼᣬԼ˲һ̣һܼ򵥵ĵֻǣҶ
𰸣ֻҶԼ֪
С̵ȷ£𣿡Ҷ侲ʵҶ˲һ£᲻似ħǾһˡ
һ£һԻ󣬲Ҷ似ħϵ裬ֻạ̊́һǸߣҶȴе㲻һ⣬ᱻԺ
ģҲûн켶ˣҿһԵķϲġҶЦ˵

ԣ飬ƺѾˣΪҶ˵ԣ˵һӰ춼ûУǿҲһ㡣
ϲģҪǵĻȫµ˾ûмǵġ
Ҷû˵ˣҲҶ˺ͻ켶ҶԼҲ˵ˣûн켶
Ҷ˲˵ѣٲҶǰ˵ѣ
ֻҶһ飬ǾҶûн켶û켶ʵĲͬҲΪ֪ܡ
ûн켶½ı׼ѣôǱ׼ܺģȻǲܵġ
ҶۣҲͽڴˣûټȥԷ죬ȻԻطϢ
ʱڴҵо֮йȥ죬Ҷ߹ƺͻƵļǸоԼһҪˣͻ켶һ̡
Ҷ磬ѾڼǰͻˣΪǲŻԼҲҪͻơ
һ죬ҶڿǰѾ˴¹ɵĴ鰲װ𹤾ߣҪ⴬øӵ
һҿΪ֮䶯ĴôףҶǴ漣Ĵڡ
Ȼ漣ҪܶʱģҶھﻨʱ䣬Ѿȥ߰˸ˣҴҶ˵ǰƷ
˶ѣҴѾĴڣСС֮ǰΪģڼǰѾҴˡ
ֻ⼸֮Уǲŷ֣ԭԼΪǲҶһδν߷壬߷岢ûеһֱڡ
һʲôĴʲô
⣬Ҷû˵ֻ˵ʵ˵ʱһǴһ
ȻЩҶ˵ģСС㣬ǲμҶ˵ĴĿٶ֪Ҵã֪ĽеһЩϸڣǻеŪ塣
˵ʱҶڴϰװһЩ豸Ǹ㲻ĶҲ֪ʲôá
Ҷ˰װʱͣ
ʦôˣѵĶʲô𣿡СʵҶʱͻȻֹͣ󲿷ֵԭǶԣС־Ϊµ뷨
ûвԣĺܺáҶЦЦش
ǲ뵽µĶⶫѾʺϣСʵǵȻԼĶҶã˵һƽ顣
ǺƽΪҶѾֹһβˣС㲢Ϊϰ߶ͲںʱѾѧܶණһʿȻҲ֪ÿһζԳɹġ
ʿоĶ󲢲һóܶʱ򣬶֮
˵ģоĹ֮Уǵõ˺ܶ࣬ԶȽҪҪܶ࣡
ҶҡҡͷЦ˵ҲǣĶܺʣ
˵ʱҶ˾ͽⶫװڴϣĹâһͺ봬һǺ氲װȥġ
ʱСеԻˣҶ˸ոյͻȻȻҶһˣʱûзûпСÿʱÿ̶ȫԸġ
˵ոһʲô顣
ʲô飿Сֱӵʵ
Ҹо֮УԪˮԪغ궯Ҷ˼飬Ц˵Ц֮ƺŸˡ
ԪأˮԪأСЩȻ׼ȥ⣬ΪԼ豸ʲô⡣
ⲻһߣӦͻˡҶֹСѰңͬʱԼոշԭˡ
ͻˣ˵ҶС߹𣿡СһᣬҪͻƵˣҶѾͻˣʣµȻҶˡ
˲Ǳԣı仯ǻԪˮԪأ


747 ͻƣ3
㲻ȥ𣿡СʱʵովΪҶ˴֣Ҷ˵ʱúܿģΪҶڿġ
켶ǿߣԺڴ½Ϻߣˡ
Ȼ˵һ˵û˻ΪȥΪ켶ǿߣòҶ뷨
ȥҲûʲôģͻ֮󣬻Ҫһʱȹ̣飬ǻһܳءҶ˲˵
ŶԭС̵ͷƺҶ˵˼
ף˼벻ͻƶҪһ𡣡ҶʱͻȻһͣ٣ȻЦ˵
ʲôո㲻˵һͻˣѵոֻһˣСе㲻ʵ
ҶЦ˵֮ǰ˵һ𣬺˵һǲһģʱ֪ˣϽСߣһԩңҪһһŮǾ˼ˡ
Сȫˣȫ㲻Ҷ˵ʲô
ˣСǸҡҶûʲôͼŪҴ
ţ

һ֮ǰҶС㻹СʱҶ߹Ǻ˷ܣҺܽظҶһ顣
ܵܡ
Ҷˣ
Ѿͻˣ
ʱҶ˶һ۲գĶҶˣڴҶ˵ķӦϣУҪҶ˳Ծӡ
ԣС̻ʱûиˣҶѾ֪飬ȻĻҲˡ
֪ˡҶ˵ͷûҶ˸еһʧ䣬ֻһѣ˵ǻһܿģ˷ܡ
֪ʲôʱ֪ģ˭ģҶЦʵЦݺܲãûҪ˭˼
ոǱܸоǲһͻƵġҶڻشϣףһ£С̣ʲôˣǲǺܷḻ
ȻḻˣҶһ㣬ҪΪף˺֤ܶ࣬ԵöӹĹĵģСЦ˵ʼ˰ӡ
ֲС̸ոһֱˣѵһ֪ˣҶʱոյ飬ƺеˡ
ţ֮ǰҶ˵ˣ˵ͻˣ˵˼ǣһͻƵģһͻһɺϣҲ֪ʲô˼ġСһ˵ţһ߽ڳ
˴εζȾˣϵĶˡ
ǰĻҶһȳϼڽ˵ھͲһˣС̵Ļ֮󣬾ͱʾܺ棬ΪʲôҶ˻֪ԼѾͻˡ
ܵܣô֪ͻˣ֪һͻƵģ㵱ʱǱ𣿡Ҷɻʵ
ûУʱȥǱߣ߶æˣڶѾͻˣҵĶûиáҶü
ͻˣĶûиãʲôϵģ˵ȻǱϣô֪ͻƵģ֪һġҶʵ
һʲôֵģΪʲôСе㲻ʵԼǸո˵Լͻˡ
ǵһ𣬲Ǹһһͻƣһ𣬲˵һһͻƣϣ̼ԷͻƵģǷֿͻƣǺһͻƣ𣿡Ҷ˵
ǸҺеˣСͷһᣬҶⷬ˻Ļ
ԭҶ߹ʱôɺϣ˸ͬһʱͻƣñ˴˵أһ𲢼ϰһͻơ
ǸʱҶ˱ֻҪһԣǾԼҪͻƣ־þòͻƣҪ˱һ£һħ
ǵĺħһ׼иˣ˽ŶԷһͻˡ
飬˵ƽҲܼ򵥣м˵ļĿõģ˵ͻƾͻƣҲǾ۵ġ
ҲΪǵõʵҲԼģһǰġ
ͬʱΪͬʱͻ켶ʩչħʱЧ˶Ϊ֮գûж˿Եֵ
Ҷ˶Դֻ˵һĲ
Ҷ߹ҶˣȴҶ˵Ļش𣬶Ҷڿ֮Ҳ͹ԹԵػشˣҸоǵȻߣǺԶоһеġ
ΪʲôûиоأҶе㻳ɵʵ
еģҶ͵ͷشƺڸ߱ˣ˵滰һҪš
˵ģ˵˵ʲôĸоҶ翴Ҷˡ
ʱ򣬼˶ҶˣǶǺ棬Ҫ֪Ҷ˵ʲôĸоΪʲôôԶܸӦ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ĸ֣˵أĸ־ǡ


748 ̻֮ҹ1
Ҳ֪
ʲô㲻֪ǲٸˣҶʵԼ˵ģôʱ˵Լ֪ˡ
ǲֻ֪ܸоô˵ôоôо˵尡о˵𣿡Ҷ˺޹˵Լûˣǵ˼
ΪίˣҶ˾;ԼһͣοοԼӺݳԶưӣеЦá
С쵰û˵㣬ҪԾֱӳԣǵڣҶûҶһ£Ȼһ˸Ҷˡ
ʲôûаҶ˸޹ˡ
ȷûУֻǸǵĸоѣо
ԷԷǷ̻ףҶʱͻȻһ䣬ȻּͷԷ
ַ̻Ÿոշû졭Ҷ˵ûֹ˼
֮ǰ̻ΪҶףΪǣǵȻ᲻ҪҪĻǲͱʾԼûҶҪ
ðð̻𣬸Ҫ̻𡭡С˷ܵؽš
̻Ҷˣ׼ôţʲôţ߹ͱȽϹ⣬Ҷ˵ķ̻пܲķ̻Ҳ𹤾ߣҲħᡣ
֮ǰ˼ֵƵħᣬձúħԪأͬʱĴҲǺܰġ
Ҷ˽ӻһΣҾǷ̻̻Ǽʶһ£ʲôлһҪ˿ҹգҶǵҲܿõ
ҶǵҲ
õǿõһ˲ģ˭ע㡭ȵȣòҪ
׼ŶãҶʵŮõʱ䲻õĻҶ˵ӦӦѾûˡ
ҲǺܾãһСʱҶ˻ش
ʲôһСʱҶˣҶһҪܼˣһǺܳ׵İܼһΡ
һСʱ̻ʲôţҪѺܶģǱһӶ޷׬ġ
ȳ극׼üͰǰ׼ģҶ˵
Ϊʲô׼Ҷ˶㲻ˣҶֲҪ飬ΪʲôҪ׼Щ
氡Ҷ˻ش

ûɾô򵥣ΪѣľʲôҲûС
ˣЩǮԼģܼҵĻǻϰء
ҹҹҶ˵ǺرҹȴΪһƿյĺʼر
ʲôʲô
ҿʲô飿
ۣǿǱ̻
̻׳ۣ˭ôֱʡ

һӣҶǾͿʼˣҶԶȴƺнߵŵ̻

ҼǵúǻҰ
ҰͷʲôطôˣСº
԰ôˣСһֱûг֣Ҹˣ
̸۵ʱһοʼҶˣˣҶΪСģһ㶼ԭסˣʱǻһСһС
ǰҶһҳϣ⼸ķչҶȻҲͳΪӵĶ󣬶йؼҶˣǵõҵİ
ҶǵİղǽҶүӣеСҶ˱ĹǰĹ֮ӮСģİսΪСٺʲһС
Ҷҡ
Ҷں죬ҹգƺ֮УһУʱǾԲ˴š
壬壡߸缱ææ˽
ʲô飬ôææģҶüе㲻ģҲûмֵ˼ϾĻҲǿԭµġ
壬졭쿴ա߸е㴭ڻָϢ
һֱڿʲô⣡Ҷû˵ոһֱǺڿҹգķС
Ǹ壬㿴һأ߸ʵ
йϵ𣿡Ҷɻ˵
ϵˣ㿴ǲǱߡ߸ָŸոҶ쿴ķ˵ָ෴ķġ
壬㿴ߣ֪ˣ
ǱߡҶһ
ף˭ڷ̻˫۷е̻һп
ʱҶ춼һһʱ֮䶼û̻ʲôطŵģֻ
˭ŵģ㿴Ǹʲôˣ߸˵
Ǹ򣿡Ҷ˳һᣬоãڷ̻Ļ߸Բܹɲһ̻
Ļ߸ӦǺɩһȥҶ˵顣
ΪҶ˾Ϳʼϸ룬Ǹп˭ƽʱ侲ӡ
˼ֻҪһᣬһᣬ˾뵽һˣһǸով˵ˡ


749 ̻֮ҹ2
ѵ˵ҶڵºҶͬʱ˵Ȼ󶼿̻ĵطӾƺҶڵº
Ĳ˵̻λÿ϶ڳ⣬һڳⲻپĵطǸ򣬳Ҷڵºûס˵ĵطһȫǻĮ
Ҷ˵Ը񣬷ŷ̻飬Ǿģ仹ôֱʵģ
ûˣǵģ֪ʲôòǾΪоЩ̻֮ǰҪ˺ܶϡ߸翴̻еظо
ʱ߸е㻳ɣҶνĴĿоЩ̻ҶǾпܻġ
о̻˵׼Ҷͷеͬ߸²⣬ǵͬ⣬߸ֱӶһ߻ȦȦˡ
߸磬һ̻ʱɩ˽ҲûҶ򸾴кֱӾͰѵϻȦȦ߸
߸ɩһģ̻ڿʼֵʱǻ˷ܣһš
ܿ죬߸˷ܹ󣬾뵽̻ԴأҲҶ˵ºɫͱѿˣ̻ʱܹҶ򸾱Թˡ
ûҪԹģȥºֱ˵Ҷ˵Ļ̻ҲѾ̻ͣɲܳãҶҲһܡ
ǰǺ̻ȫȫǮǮӽ߸ɥһ絶ӡ
Ҷ˵̻һӣ߸ĵζٵѪ֪߸絽᲻Ѫ˵߸֪ҪõĻھͻȥҶˣҶɧ
ǵģ֪ʮǰܼҵˣҪɢǮҲסﰦ̾Ȼͣ˵ʵʮ̻ʵǺɩֱ߸Դ΢Ц˵
ûߣʮˣôо̻ãڳɹˣҲͿԳˣºͿԿʼˣ粻֪ʲôط֣ƺһӰǺǰȡ
԰ôû뵽ºֻ̻ʲô棬͵Ǹºţ߸ʱͻȻ˾񣬲ոɥˡ
˾֮߸Цеؿ밲ȣе˵磬ͰСʲô
ֱ̻ӻص
Ҷǵ˶ڿ̻⻰͵û˵һ
ȣôʵɲ߸ûȺŵʱȻ˵Ӷ⸽ҲΨһ⸽פӶš
ҡȻû˵ԼĿģͱ˴ˡ
ҪʣһʱˣҪ˼ҽˡ߸ʱһ߲廰˵ͬʱúı鿴밲ȡ
ðȵе΢΢ȣŮǿ˺ټı飬ôʲô涼ʲô鶼ƤѾܺˡӦ˵ƤѾôˡ
⵹һ飡Ц˵
˵ҺͰȲģֻģ̻ܿҶ˵ġһ߸磬˵
߸ʱûнͣܲ˵Уֻǽڣ˼ҽŵģһһһͶСˣ
߸˵ʱ򣬰һͻ˹˸оһпܻὫ߸ɵ
߸ֶһǿԵģȻеǱ
˭ͲСˣߣ˵һ㡣˵
Ҹո˵ʲôˣôʲôǵˣ̻߸ָյ̻ת˻⡣
ʱҲ֪ԼոշһǾһǿŮǰ˵ϣʲôŮ˶һ᲻ˬǿŮȻ̳֡
ȵǿǴҹϵģһֱǰģ޺ӣһǸߣض׵ıո
֮ǰҶʧٵʱ͸ֱҶˣҲĳ˵Ը
߸ո˵飬޵ķʸģģҲĵ˵Щûиݵ顣
ȷߵñȽϽǸϵ˭ó֮⣬л𻨣Ļ𻨡
Ȼ˵˻е㲻˼ѾԶˣѾǳ飬٣ҶΪġ
ʱȻ߸תƻ⣬Ҳһȥ̻ˣ˵ʵ̻ȷ顣
ʱһȥжһ̣һ̿Ծһ㣬پһ㣬һֱȥ


750 ץ1
ﲻò˵Ҷ˵̻ȷţǴǰδģʽ̻˽һλһ硣
Ҷ˵̻ÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ΪֹȻûһظģ˵ĵط
ҲΪ˶ҪȥȻҲģϣҶ˿ֹͣ˱ǡ
̻ûû˰ʮܼҵĶ߸Ҫйе
ѾȥʮˣҶ˵̻Ȼڼ߸粻ٳĬˣҪǮҪʮҡ
ҵİѪֹ
һȥƻõĻ棡һŽ߸߷ɣʱ򣬲һҪ߷߸磬ĻѾͬ顣
һ̣˶Ҫȥ
߸ֻ캿УԼˣȻûΪĻˡ
ʮҺ㣡
硭
Ҷװһֵ̻׼ʱ򣬴һ磬ñϵŮǶ
ôˣܵܣǲˣôˣԽˡҶ˵
ǣոһңǼ̻ҪţҲ֪ԺûĻᡣҶҡҡͷЦ˵
ʲôûĻ᣿Ҷֵʵ
еЩˣԺҪֿҶ˵˾ܻзַֺϺϣԲȱ
˵С𣿡Ҷ꿴˿ˣСһΪһ飬ôСܽᱻҶ˸ͻȥˡ
ҲҪҲҪ뿪磡СץҶ˵·ҡͷһҼ뿪ӡ
СգҪˣҪصҶССԴЦ˵
Ҳ볤Ҫ뿪ĻһӶ볤󡣡Сҡͷ˵̻Ĺâ֮£˫֮ƺ⡣
˿̣˭óСҶ˺ǲᣬҶѾе㲻顣
ֻǣҲһʱҪֿҶﲢڴţ簬۹ȥ
ǰ۹ĹҲãҲźܶ಻㣬ɼ
˵һֱӣҶ˵Ĳ˵ĻǻпܻҶ˵ߣȻҲǲԶģʱһ㡣
ڵƺ˱仯һ֮ǰ벻Ҳ޷͵ı仯
һ֮ǰСͻȻ˵ԼؿеʹҶ˾Ͱæһ£֪С˵ؿʹָδɷ㲿λ
Ҷ˵ϸ飬֣СȻʼˣ
ûǷˣСҪˣ
ĻǲǱʾСĲ֢ʼתˣҶ˾һֱ۲СھһʱԿ϶СѾһٶȲҲ죬һ
ȻֻҶ˵ĹƣûǸô׼ȷҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ҶҲе޷֢ô᲻ҩҲ֪Ժ᲻ַĿǰСġ
Ҷ˹ƣСĲ֢תΪʼΪ̼һЩܣͻָ
ӦĽͣҶ֮ǰҲԼڹκԼľ֢˵ǺģǱܱ֮󣬿ܻеĲʹʧ
¶Ҷ˵һֵø˵飬С˵һˣΪԼˣҶ˾Ϳܻ᲻ҪԼˣҪҶ˷ֿˡ
ʵҲˣҶѾ֪ͨ۹Сȥ
ⲢҶСҪ߿ǺϲСֲСʲôˣȥڻҪĸ׾
Сɵϣ㶼ôϲһϣͻȱһϣҲһҸҶСȻ󵭵˵
һϡŮǵĿ߶ĸ֣һʲôҸ
Ȼֻĸ֣Ȼ˵ÿ˶ȴúܶ˶ãһҸ顣
ƽҸҲʵҸǲҪ̫Ĺ£Ҫҵİ飬ֻҪƽƽĽ֡
һϣ
֪ˣΪʲôҳˣҪ뿪أС˵
ΪҶ˴˴һʱ֮仹޷һ㣬ЦЦ˵Ϊ㻹С㻹뿪̫ã黹Ҫ㸸㳤ˣͿԼԼҪʲôʱҪʲô綼֧ġ
𣿡СҶˣСʱܵõҶ˵һŵѾõĽˡ


751 ץ2
ţҶСָС
ߣҲСˡСС죬ƺҶ˵Ϊܲмȴ֣ܿСָҶ˵Сָһ
ϵһ겻䣡
Ǽ̻Ҫеġ
ţ
Ҷ˵ֿʼ̻ǻЦصС֮ϣһ̣ҶȻúܿģԺûˣԺеǻᡣ
ʱǺϧֵʱ̣٣ûССһϧŴ۵ʱ̡
֮һʱʼڣʼ£ԼûϧһԼļ䡭
֮ʱ޿̶ϧദÿһ̣Ϊ޳ʲô鶼пһ̷һֱһˣԼԺкܶʱһˣܻһͻȻʧͻȻֻܳΪ䡣
ҪԼԺڣҪڵÿһ̣
Щ鶼Ժ飬Ҷ˼˾ôֵķֱ̻̻꣬ȻϷһ֮󣬲ŸԻȥϢŽһ졣
һ̻ʱһСʱʮӣ߸㷨Ҷ뻨˶ʮңȻЩǶҶԼģҪٵһ֣ʮⲻ˵ġ
̻֮Ҷǵ˻ģλһĻ֮УþûзӦ֪̻Ѿ֮󣬻һȴš
˵ƺҪȴ̻ٴţȻ˵ԺСǻڴţԸΪ˵ȴ
ٴŰɣ̻ڴţ
ҶȫǰĵԸǿҵԩȻⲢĳˡ
ǧҪˣˣǧǧҪٷˣ߸ºϿţڿдʡ

˶߸ŭĿӣɩڡ

̻ҲûгҹˣΪ֮ʧȴԺûлٿΪҶ˻ڣֻҪҶڵĻţῴġ
Ҳʧ֮İο뷨߼ûдģ

һ˯ߣɩһأ߸ڷ֮⣬Ϊ˸ոյ̻
𰡣ţһ˯ġ߸溰
ܣ
ҪܣңʱҪչңǸʱҪ߸淢ƣһЩйϵĺȫûйϵ飬ϵһ
ˣ㣡治ҵϲʲôɩܲˣÿ߸˵ܣʵ˵߸硣
󣬻һţȻһ𡭡
ȿȣһ޶ѣˣ

˺죬Ҷҵ˱ΪҶ˵˻֣Ҷ˵˻һûг֣뵽֮ǰǳ̻ҶҪо飬ֻΪһʱĺĲ
ۣ߸ˣģһҪҶ˳ʱ򣬺ݺݵؽһ£˳Ҫ̻䷽
ΪʲôҪЩ
ܼ򵥣ΪҶ֮ǰŵ̻ЧѾ޷ȴ˶̻ģϣڴ˺֮п
һЩǮƵˣѾʼѰҶҵˣҪ̻Ǯȫû⣬ٸҲãҲҪ
һʴⰡһ·
Ȼ˵֮ǰҶǰܼңҲһ棬һ棬úܶ˶ҪõŵЩ̻
ҲΪŻ˵Ļ𱬣ȻĻ֪Ҷ̻Ҳһ
߸ʱһβòʮһİܼңÿһζܵõĽ

⼸֮УҶһοʼ̸Ҷˣһοʼ²ҶºʲôΪôһϢǾֿʼˡ
ܶ˶ڲ²⣬Ҷһη̻һףʲôܾΪɹˣǾ͸лˡ
ֻ˶ڲ֮Լ´ˣΪҶ˻ûгǼº
̻¼ҲƽϢˣҶҶ˵ĻһԽԽˡ

Ҷ˻ڼĴĿĹ㣬뻹Ҫ²ɣ⼸ǲ뿪ġ
ˣҶͻ켶ŮǶڹԼľ磬Ƕ֪ʱ򲢲ǿĵʱͻ֮Ĺ̾һҪȻԼԺķչͻźܴӰ졣
ҲΪҶ겢ûгȥҶ԰ڣȻĻͳȥˣҪѾ裬Ҳˡ
ȻҶҪһַʽѣϲҫ԰ڡ
߹Ҷ磬˸ͲںЩܰһ㲻ȥν


752 ץ3
һʱСƺʲô̼һʵڱܿͻ˵ؼǺܿµĽչҶ˶еĽ
Ҷ˻СԺʲôëŻȣϸ鿴ľ磬еǣСľȶһЩܾõҲҪȶ
ţ
ƺΨһĽͣ˵Сһ֮⣬ʲôأ
ʱôƽһЩЩҪѧһӲѧᣬһӶѧᣬЩȴһ˲ѧˣ߿˵ˡ
Ҫǰٶȥ꣬Сͽ켶Ȼ˵һֱٶȡ
ҪٶǺѵģΪм϶һѹҪʱһѹǰͣͲǰ
Ҫ˵ˣС֣Ӧòᱻ赲̫ãҲ˵ΪһΪ򵥵ͣסˡ
ʱһ˶ͨĿһЩȴôҲ벻ͨ飬˵˭˭־˭ʱһͨһ˶Ҫ򵽡
׻˵ģҪԵЩԵˣǾһȻͨˡ
Ȼû⣬ҶҲֻСҪעĵطȥˣͻƣڵǺҪСʲôʱͻ켶
ʱСҲǾȴŵؼʵųȥ֮һ˸е𺳣һ󲻵
Ҳ뵽СʲôвԣʱҪʲô仯ĻСһܻ벻á
ҶʱС飬ʵ֪˸оĻԼˡ
˵Ҷ˵νĿҶһ켶֣Ǿ𺳵ģӦ˵˲ȥš
켶֣һڣʱһĻǻˣڲ֮ͿԳưˡ
һ켶־ͿԶʮȻǿŵ˵ȴˡ
ܿͱ֪ˣŴһ;˵Щ˵뷨ǲţţ
ǸʱҲûжʱ˾ȵģΪǻнҪҲҶ˵оȥ˴½Ƶ֮С
ǸʱҶȻ֮Уƺ˺ûв롭
һ죬ҶڼĴͻȻи߿ʼ죬ֹͣϵ顣
ôˣʲô飿Ҷ˴һСϰ
ʦôˣСҶҲ͸ŹеʵҶ˴û;뿪ġ
СҲ֪һҶĶйϵ
СҲ⣬֪Ҷ˵뷨Ҷ˵˽ҪԶʤˣʶҪʣֱӸҶ˹ȥ
˷źţʲô飬ҪȥҶ˻ش˵ͬʱڴ󲽵ǰȥΪźţоֲõԤС
Ҷ˵ĽźҶҵˣǵҪͷ֪ͨģҶ˵Ըǵ򲻵ѣǾԲҶ˷źţҶ
ȻҶˣҲִ֪磬֪Ҷ飬ǾԲŵġ
ܵܣʲô飿
ڳȥ·ϣҶһлҶСϲһˣΪͻ켶Ҫұ˴ѧϰ
ħ似ʵһģûرķֱҶ˵˵Ҳȷġ
˽ңҳȥ׷ʲô顣Ҷ˻ش
Уһʲô飬ߣҺȥҶ뵽ԣʱ侲ʲôر顣
߹Ҷ粻˵ҲһĸҶˣʲô飬Լʲô԰æġ
С˵ˣҶ˵󣬸Ҷߡ
Ҷº˶һȥˣڸǾͿҶ˾Щĵš
Щ˰Ҷ򸾣磬߸磬һЩҶҵĳԱҶϵȽϲˡ
Ҷ˵˵УҶǺܵģǵձ׷ɱ֮£Ҷ춼û
Ҳ˵һ㣬϶Ǻأ
Ҷ˼۸ȷûˣʲô֮󣬾̿ڣ˳
ʮˣ߸ǷӦǸһ
߸Ĵ֮󣬴ҶҶ˵ˣ֮һľϲһķֻһ㣬Ļǳ
ǳֵģǺŨŨ
ôˣΪʲô
Ҷüƺ뵽һЩܡ


753 1
֣裬ʲô飿ҶҶ˻û˵ʲôʱ򣬾ʵҲܸоԼģйԼġ
Ĵ㱻ץˣҶ쵥ֱ룬ûж˵ֱ˵ڡ
ʲôҶ˭˭ץǣǲǲҪˣ
ʱҶϲⷢһϢһƣһڳеɻϢ
Ҷûб仯ϣͻȻ¶֮⣬˫֮һ⣬Ҷꡣ
ͬʱҶһѹҶ꣬ⲢģһֱܵķӦǿߵķӦǿҪȼġ
Ҷһʱ򣬾ʹԼ⣬ôԼѹԼŮҪһԼŮܲˣԼҪ´ˡ
ʱҶȴ֣Ҷ꾹ȻܳԼƣһһ㿹ļȻ˵Լոյ֮ʩչģԼʵʵܶ࣬Ҳһ˿Գܵġ
Ҷ˽⣬֮ǰҶ꣬ǳܲ˵ģһ˲ˣ켶ǿڡ
ڣҶ꾹ȻܳܣǾͱʾѾԭҶ꣬ʵģⲻͱʾԼոյִģԼŮѾһ˼ľ硣
ҶϵϢҶֲԾҶҲһԾǶⱾӦҶӵеġ
꣬㡭ʱʲôǲҶʵ
ûѣǱǰͻƣҺСߣý㶼һߣҵǺ֪˭ҶҵĴʲôҶ˵Լͻƣûҫʲô
ǰĻҶһܸ˵˵ԼѾ켶ˣһҫһ£ûУΪڵû顣
ԼĴ㱻ץˣ˭ûȥҫԼֻҪˣȻЩĻֽб
Сߣ磿ǡôܣǲһ겻ѡǵôģҶʱƺ飬ֻҶ˵
ҲѹˣõĵʱѾĹˣĿǰʵ̫ˣһһӾͳôȥġ
ǲѾͻˣҶʱҲʵԴе㲻ҿ϶ǰļŮԼҲе㿴ˡ
ô˵顭ͻʲôܲͻ켶ʱûйЩ飬ĵΣ֮еĶŮ
Ȼ˵֪Ҷͻ켶ĻҲܳԾ΢嵭һЩǳ
ǵģͻˣԣģһЩץ˸ۣҶͷ侲˵
ͻ켶ôܣҶ˶е㷢ˡ
ʲôͻ켶ôģʮǲʲôңʱһĺָҶˡ
˵һҶ˵ԭ򣬲ȻĻǰŮٹʮ궼һͻ켶
֮ǰҶ˾һӽ켶£˵ǸʱʱҪ̺ܶ࣬켶ǿߣҲǲܵġ
ûʲôҪҪͻ켶ĻҲ԰㣬ûʱ䡣Ҷ˵Ļǳһ㣬йϵġ
ȻСӣС̫˼ˣȻһ֮ڽ켶ʲôķʲôٶȣ̫ˡ
ţڵȷûʱ䣬ȽĿǰ˵ͷǺ侲ģ֪ڲ˵ʱҪĻôҶ˵Ĵ㡣
ҲţҶԽԼĻһ̣ʲô˽ģֻԼ֪飬֪Ļһջˡ
ҶˣǳΪ켶֣Լʲô磬켶𣿡ҶʱʵܹؼҪҶ˵˽⣬ͬʱĿǰµҪϡ
ҲǣҶҡҡͷ˴е뷨ҲôҺ⡣
һ켶ǿߵˣԼȴ켶ȷеƣҶ˵ģֲòš
Ҷ˲˵ѣ˭֪ͬʱҶǴ漣ˣ켶ǿߣҲһܼ򵥵顣
ô죬Ǿ켶ҲûãֻһȥȻĻûǣҲԺȥ켶ĻٻһЩϡҶʼͷʹˡ
ΪʲôҪõܵһȥҶֱʵĹؼ
Ҷ·ֻҶһȥⱾǾ飬Ҷ˵ģҲģͬʱҲҶҵĳԱҶӶӡ
ǼȻĻ˭ȥһΪʲôҪҶȥͬʱ˵һȥ
ǡ


754 2
ΪԷҪҶһȥԴκˣȻĻͻҶ˲˻һΪŻһ£Ļҿ϶һҶ͵
˭ҶʵҶ仰пóҶұȽϤˣȻĻҶҲ˵ˡ
Ϥģô϶ԷôͬʱһҶԹ޵ģĸң
Ҷҵĳҿ϶ǺܶģǲʵģҶǶֵȴࡣ
ᣡ
ش𣬲ҶˣҶˣڳ˶е⡣
ô֪ѵʱ򣬻ϵҶɻؿҶˣ˵飬ҶǸող֪ģԼЩʲôû˵ô֪أ
ô˵ҶĻҲǳһ㣬ץ˵ᡣ
ץ⣬벻˭Ͷ㣬Ǹ֣ڵһѧԺѧԺͷܣκѧ£ڰбˣץס˲֮࣬һҶƽ˵
ǼȻ˵֮һΪʲôп϶Ҷʵ
ֻڵһѧԺץˣƱҪ͵һѧԺԣһѧԺѧ½ȨǱڵǷǳǿ󣬼½ԣֻŻҶ˵
ţҶ˻˵һ䣬˲òãʵҶ˲Ǳ˽ĵˡ
仰ǡ
ҲµûһֱӰѵһѧԺˣѧԺѧԱҪôͶһҪôͱоǡҶû˵ĻҪ˵ʲôڳ˶Ѿ֪ˡ
ǵģȷôˣÿԣҶͷڸеһֺ£ͬʱҲһ
ڸոյϢʱסˣû뵽ᾹȻð֮踣ԸһѧԺ
Ȼ飬ֻû뵽ô죬ұѾдˣǱ߶˵ʲôԵģΪʲôҪҶе̾
֮ǰѾ߹㣬ҶǣѾûбҪǸһѧԺҪѧϰʲôĻҶǵҶѧԺͿԣԼҲԽ̡
ֻǣûҶԸûС
Ҳ˵ǣѣһ֪һΪ丶ۣҶ˵ЩĸдȽ϶࣬Ҷˡ
ҶһֱһоһУ˵ûпһ˵ѣ
ȴһȺһˣЩ˰ֵܣĽãһЩˣһЩӵˡ
ȻûѣҲһµ
ô֪ʲôɣ
Ҫͳһ£ǱضõһѧԺǴ½ڶӰˣЩûˣǴ½ܶҵĶûˣǶ֪Ҷ˵

һѧԺʽȻ͸õ˲ţ˵Ҳһֱ׾ٵĽ½һˡҶ˵˵
Ҳ뵽ֻû뵽Ȼһ㣬ȻҲҶˡҶ˵
ԸһѧԺ飬ҶҲֹϾҶڵһѧԺ˻в٣Ҷ֮⣬вٵˣΪǵİȫǣȻҪһ¡
Ҷ˶ڵһѧԺǰȫģǶãûƵһѧԺ
һѧԺȻѧԺҲ˵һСС֮УŴ½ǿһЩ֣иҵǿӢǳյ۹ĴҲһܹơ
ɾһѧԺʤҲǲʤõʲôҲⲻʧ
˵ˣǸʱһᱻ½ȺΧǾ͸ӻ֪ԡ
ΪҶǲȥ飬ûȥʲôһεϢ̫ԾˣᾹȻˡ
᲻ˣһ˵ĸɾ䣬һҹ֮䣬ͽһѧԺˣһûκεʧ
мһżΪܵļƻҪӵһֺܲ˼һѧԺ
ҶֻǴ˵ûж˼ˣֻԼһƬѣȻεˣ֮ԼѾΪˡ
Щˣ˵ˣԼųȥģһЩ޹ҪĿĵġ
˵ҶҵˣҶˣ˶ѾˣϢ˾ǡ


755 3
ҲΪҶҵҲܶôϾ˼ѾĽЩ˶Żˣû˺ǡ
ڴΪ˼ɵĻӼ˿е֪Ƿʤͬʱ⼸˶Ѿǵؼ֣Ƕˣ˸˵ˡ
ͬʱǻ˵һ£ǾǵУˣЩѾ켶ˣҲһŵˡ
µģ
ҲǴ½ץ˵ڶˣڻûжԭ򣬲Ϊ֣о
Ҷˣ֪ʲô𣿡ҶʵЩ飬ҶӦõģҶ˶֪ĻǾû˿֪ˡ
룬Ӧÿһ칤Խ֮УһڣһΣʹõһָըȻڵǲᲨһѧԺҶ˵Ҳܿ϶ֻǸڲ²⡣
ʵϣĲ²ϾǴˣĶ
˲⣬ĸ½ǺټģһЩʿнӴ˸Ӵ
Ļǲò˵ºǿô̵ʱҶüҶĹ̫ˡ
Ϊʲôڻ㲻ţ˸о̫ˡеüҶ˱ᶢе㲻⡣
־Ͷˣһ˲ġҶЦЦ˵ʱ֮ƺеƺʲôû˵
Ȼʱ򣬴Ҳûע⵽һ㣬ֻҶ˸ôȥӦᡣ
ûˣǸΣˣҪȥҪǶ㲻ĻǸô졣ǵ˵
ڵΪѣڵҶ˹ȥΣգڵҶ˲ȥĻҶ˾Σա
ҶζǲҶ˹ȥ
ûµģӦòģһӣʱлᣡҶ˲˵
ôԿ϶ü㲻˵ˣΪʲô˵Ҫ
ƾоҶ˸˵
˶ʱĬҶ˵˵ʵԽܡ
ҲǴһᣬ˵ƾоҪĸоأ
Ҷ˰ڰ֣Ц˵ĺˣҵĸоģǲǶ˵ŮĶӣ˼ǲҲҵġ

˵ƽʱĻһЦҶƶ죬ʱûа취ڣҲ޷Цڡ
˵ˣҲȥĻǴ϶£ȥĻǾͻû£û£Ǹʱ˵ˣҲ׬ˣһҶ˼˵

Ҷ˵˭ףȴû˵Ƕ˵飬һ֣ҪҶ˵ĻҶˡ
ҶȥĻлᣬȥĻһûлᣬԣҪҶ˵Ҫ֪ҶԼ뷨
ѾˣҶ˿϶ȥΪԼĴԼĴƺҲŰգʲô⡣
ҲֻҶˣԴ漣ŮܼҶˡ
ֻǾһе֣ΪʲôҶ˸ոյ֮Уܿ϶һ㡪
Ϊʲô϶ȥ֮󣬾ͻ㣿ʵɻؿҶˡ
ΪԶšҶ˵
ΪʲôһŮˣѵˣɱĸ׼ˡ˵Ҷ˵뷨е޷⡣
Ҷ˿˿ԶգһƬߵĵƽߣһ֮ŵ˵ǲǺܱ̬Զţһ㣬ļ¼֮УûС
ϣ˰ɣûзˣΪļ¼֮Уƺûг飬ٶûС
ˣңҪȥûʱƣҶҲܴʲôʳҪ֪Ϣ
صϹż֮У˵֪ģҲ֪ΪʲôѡǸطҶӦ֡
һҪϹżеĶɡҶν˵
ҲΪҪõ֮ȫĵҲ⣡ӣҪʲôһҪΥʱʲô鶼ʵʵĸŪҶҶ˵ļϣĳ˵
ڴҵ뷨֮УҶȥЩĻ¶ġ


756 ɣ1
¾һǿոһѧԺĶͿһ㣬һѧԺ൱һǿ˭׵һ
ɵһѧԺǾͿģڿûĶѱԺ󲻻
ʱ˶Ϊûжֻ׼пܾĶֻʹһΡ
֪ʵҲõģҪҵĻǾͿʽʽĻǾ͸̸һ£ֻҪﱣó׳еʣһԽΪİͼҶ֪ҶڵʲôҲҿ϶Լ᲻
Ҷ˲ΪضûˣֻһʿϵҪܡ
ԶȥʲôɽҵЩǲܵģõ£ҲΪȥΪʷ
ҲΪҶ˲ںǲһͳ£Ҳں˭ʵֻۣҪһһν
ᣬѾ۹ˣһĻʵۣһͳ£һһ¡
Ȼ˵һЩ˵֣֮½˵пܻһ飬ԣҶ˾͸ȥֹʲô
ǣΣѣͲһˡ
˵򵥣ѣÿ˶ںЩ顣Ҷҡͷ˵ͬʱҲĽҶ˵ѣһжÿ
ǵʱŲµĻţǲ˷ʱģֻҪǱҶҲν˵Ͱ˺ܶණ㷢ʲô飬Ӧ
ҶЩɻˣƺ֪
Ҹ𣡡˵
ʱҶ˻ʱҶ˵ˣǻûиңûʱƣ
ʱƣ˵ڸϵҶ˵
¸ϵ˵İ£İ£Ҷʵ

ʱҶסˣƺûһ㣬ʱϣǶȻΪҶ˵õϢİڣȥᵱʱ˵İڡ
ҲѹǣյҲҪʮ죬ؼһЩĵ飬Ҫʮ죬ܻڰ֮ڵ
ͱ˵ڣʱѾȥʮһˣʣҲֻһ㣬ʱ䣬ôܵջʳϵϹż
ϢҶ˿ҳĬˣʱ϶û˵
ڣҾǣʱһҶ˴˼ŮҶ˵ǰƺҶ˱ȽϤһý㡣
ý㣬ԭ˵һ顣Ҷ˵
˵Ǹ쵰ɣҲҪڰ֮ڸҷɹȻ͵ſýѧ֮УҲ߰˷
̬ŮˣˣңӷɣӾͷɸ㿴Ҷ˺ǲˬ˵
ʱ˭ףҪҶ˸Ϲȥʱô̡
ܷɣҲô̵ʱﵽˣ㣬ûг⣬ǲҪȥˣҲ֪ôԸ㡣߹ĵҶˣΪѿ
˵ʲôҲãҲãԲҶңԲҶˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ûµģú֣Ļû˵˰»ôֻ˵ҿŰ죬˵ͱʾ֪һٵûаʱȥҲû⣬ֻǸʱ͸ÿˣңпܻԴЩʲô顣

ϸϸҶ˵Ļ˼ƺѾˣ֪ʲô˼ֻǣǲһ㡣
Ҷˣô˽߹ɻʵͬʱƺҲһҪ֪Ĵ𰸣ǽҶˡ
ûҵĸоˣΪʲôҶ˻ô˽ᣬ˶Ҫ˽⡣
Ȼ˽˽ĻͱˣԶѲ˽⣬ԵһҪ׵˽⣬Ҫ˽ԼҪ˽⡣Ҷֱ˵
⡭
˽ԼĵˣǽһܱңǱҪ˽ġ
ˣҪƫƫҪҪҾͷɹȥʱ䣬㹻ˣҶ˵Ȼˣƺڸʱ䡣
ǲջˣʱ䣬ôܸϵУҪ˵ߵĻӦǱߣôȥˡҶҶ˺
ʱҶ˵ķº֮ߣǸ·Ǹ·ĻӦȥҶǵķ򣬴Ҷҽͨߡ


757 ɣ2
ȻҪȥҪɹȥˣǶһȥܻһʱزЩҪǽУҲӦл˵ģһɡҶ˵
ȷǻкܶҪ˵ģҶ˾ߵĻǿ϶ҪкܶҪ˵ͬʱҶҲҪܶ顣
˵СǸ߸ºС顭
Щ飬Ҷ·ϵʱ򣬾һĽУС߸ֻҪһ͸㶨ˣ鷳ĻǴ⡣
Ȼ鷳˵ģʵǺ鷳Ĺ򽻸С㣬ֻҪͼֽСȫû⡣
ڴ֮ƹܵ˾߹
ΪʲôСƹܣѵҲʤ𣿡ҶԴе
⻹˵СţҪ㶫㵽ʱҪ˵ģϹչġҶû˵
㡭Ҷ⻰֮еΪ֮ᣬȴҲ
СߣҴʲôܣҶдˣסҪκ˿κˡҶ˺ֱӵ˵һҲûЩ˵ĸܡ
СӣʲôҶ֪ģʱҲʼԴˡ
ЩϣԶҪ֪СڰҳеˣǲҪԴˡҵţʲô飬ҪҶ˵˵
Ҷ˵ĻУЩһЩ˼·Ҷڽʲôһȥ֮󣬾Ͳٻһ㡣
е㽻µĸо
Ҷˣǲʲôң߹ҶˣǵǵʵܸоҶ˵һЩ
У̫࣬еСܺˣҶЦЦ˵УôҶڣʱ򣬿˵֮СôһĻ

봬֮Уʲô˼
ܵܣǲӻˣʱҾˣûӵĵطǵʱôȥ㻹ʱܽĴһݣҲвʱȫеİҶ˵
ڴ˻֪ʲôҶȴһֱţȻ֡
㣬ҵĴǻɵģҶ˺˵
˶Ĭˡ
ȥҶһ˹ȥҶ˵Ųš
Ҷ˶Ҷķȣ˵㣬˵İҵĴܷɣ
ô˵ԼأҶ˵
ĻһɣҶ˻ش

ҶڸҶ˵Ļ˵ЦͣںеĴȻе֣κηĶʵںͷȫûκεϵ
ңǻû˵ǿԷɵġ
ȻͻˣҶ˵ŴǸ
ڽ֮󣬼˶ľɫһ̣ǶеĽҶ˼һֱס
£񲢲֮ǰĵطʮǸʲô߸ڷ֮󲻾ãͷֲԵĵط
Կ϶Ҷﲢ֮ǰĵططҲֻй۲΢˲֪˵ĻǺѷʲôͬ
߸֮󣬴Ҷףԭ֮ǰЩ˴˵ĵط֪֮ǰǸطȡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵õ𰸡
˽˵ĵطЩطǸЩ˵Ҷ˻ش
ֲãĻҪǵطҪöˣǵطͲʲôˡ߸һ߿ܵĻһ߸̾
ϰ֣һ֪ΪʲôϽͻƵ켶İ취ǵǱܣҪõĻҲǿԵģûʲôЧͻƻҪԼҪһʱĻҶ˿Ҷ˵תˣҲҪ顣
Ҷ˷·ҪҶҵʵҶ˾Ҫ֮ģ취ȴܶãɲ룬Ĳ
ǿЧȻҪѺܶණҶѾҶ˴ĲϣټĻҲŪ˶ˡ
Ҷİ취ļǴҶ˵ǿЧЧҪҶǵǸ̫̫ˡ
ҲСΪʲôôԭ֮һ
ȷҶе㼤ؿҶˣͻ켶룬ѾԵǻ̫ˡ
Ͻ㲻һ֤ʱʲô⣬𲻺˼ˣڱǿˡΪȡҶ˺˵ֻǵЦݳ࣬ʵںЦ
Ụ̊Ҷ˾òʲô⣬ҶϾͲһˣһֱֺǿƵĸףе˼ˡ


758 ɣ3
ǰϰ֣ʲôңҶʱҶļһûûСӣЧ˸оЦˡ
ȥȥȥǲƤˣҪΪβǣҶ΢ŭŭƺе㿪ġ
Ȼ˵˾Լ׵ûãŮȲһ˵Ҳһֽһ׵󽾰
ǾԼĶŮԼǿǿ
ʱֹˣҪҲ㣬ħʦӦ磬ǵصصߡ
ţڰ𣿡ҶǻɵĿ
ǰѵİ˵
ˣҲ˵ˣ
ҶЦˣƺģΪ˭Ϊ켶ĺ󱲣ϣġ
ǶĻģүүʺ˼ҡҶ˵ϣҶΪȫĵط˺ܶĶ
úãҾҶҲûʲô飬ҲãҶЦҶ˵⣬ѾûٹҶҵ飬ȫҶ촦ˡ
ҲҪﹻط˵
ιιţô죿Ҷ˵ɲֻֿô롣
㵱ȻǺȻҷһҶǣ㵹˵
ǣһҪæİҶ˵
⻹Ǻܶġ飬ǿﴦҶͨŵĹߡҶ˵
ͨŵĹߣ
ǵģͨҲԴһЩͼֽҶ˵ֶԷ֪ܲʲô˼˳һ¡
ʱеˣƺûĶ
ʲôʱģΪʲô֮ǰ˵Ҷ˽͹Ҷ˾ˣҶĺöô˵
֪Ķÿ춼Ҷ˵ͨ
ˣ˵뱻šҶ˵ԣҲ֪֪ĻȻҪͨ
ʲôС˵ھ𣿡û˵
㣬ֻ㡭Ҷ˺ʵػش
飡һҶˡ
һʱҶ˶ʹʱҶȴֻЦеģƺܷⱻĸо
Ժʱ򣬻飬ҶкܶطͬԼôôٶۣôûз⡣
ˣ벻ʲôˣǶעһ㣡ҾˣټˡҶЦ˵Ҫ鶼Ѿˡ

˺Ǻ棬Ҷ˵Ҫߣطʲô뿪ķ
ҷֵָ飬Ҷ˾ȻǺеС
еطȥ
ܵܣҪʲôҪ״𣿡Ҷܵʵ
ǣ״ܷɣûʱȥҶҡҡͷûп״˼ǵĻովͲύ߹⴬顣
׼СҶʵ
ǵģСʵǴõģģ鶯ϵͳģҲ˵СҲܷɵģҶЦ˵
㻹棡ܷͷҶû˵
ʵʤ۱磡ˡҶ˫һģħԪصĹâ˲˫֮Уţ˫ְС֮ϡ
ܿ죬ħĹâͿʼС֮תҲΪЩ⣬Сȫڴҵǰ
СͱȽִСͧȽԲܶ࣬ȫӵ
ʱСһ˼ı仯Щڴ֮⣬СϿλγһԲεңСһһ㡣
ֻǣȴǴҿģǸոʱе⣬û˿Է
֮֮󣬴ҲС֮κεĶƺʲôûС
ʱҲûȥоĶʲôΪǽᱻһ̷סˣڲſ϶ԭҶ˲˵Ц
ˣ
Ҷһ֮µСľͷ뿪ˮ棬ſ

ҶѾϲ£ˣ벻Ҷ˾ȻɣҶ˵ĴĻɣ
ɣǲ˵֮ǰ˵ҲģҴҲԷɣ
ǸɵĻһҪ棬Ҫɣ
Ҷ뷨߹ˣҶ綼ҪҶ˵ǴڿУڿڵİ衣
Ȼֻһᣬܿ죬Ǿʹ󺰴С
С쵰ľˣ
Ҷˣǻлû˵꣡

Ȼ˵֪ҶҪˣҲ˵ôˣҶ˾뿪˸ое㷴Ӧ


759 ȻĽ1
ʲôѾ˵ˣԼأСߣһزĻҸ˼˰ɣҶڿлص
˦ңҸ㣬һҶҪ㣬ң߹ſк
ٺ٣͵ţһģҶЦŻص֪Լһ仰һֱ߹ģ۷ʲô飬ǶҶ˻š
ҪǸĻҾȥҲץ߹
ټˡҶСɴͿٵյķȥ
Ҷ뿪˴ңҲ֪һ𣬼Ϊ𣬶ڽҶƺҲˣŻύô顣
ᣬĻ᲻ɱҶ
˵ʵҶ˲֪ڱ̬ģʲô鶼пóǰû飬Ժ
Ҷûи߹ңΪľǲôҵ顣
ǣܻԼǻôɵҶ𣿿϶ǲܵġ
ȻҶ˲ߵĻҶ˸ô죿
˵Ҷ˵һǱȻģĻȥٵ˸С
Ҷţ˺ܿͻͨЩ飬ΪЩ˿ɲǱˣǾҪҲ˵ʱѾˡ
ᡭ㵽Ҫȥʲô

ԣǱСˣˣոһֱţǶûϸ룡ᵽҪȥʲôҶߺ󲻾ã˾ʹ
ƺ磬ڴҶһЩոջ飬ҿ϶˭ˣҲһ硣
Щص˵ûв´ĻʮСȥ֮һٻˣ
ʲô˵ʲôҪ˵Ҷһۣƺ봥뷨
⻰ʲô˼Ҷʵ
룬ΪʲôҪ£ҪƵһѧԺ˵ûʲôôΪץǣյĿľΪʮ绺˵ôĹҪ˵ֻҶ˹ȥǲܵ飡

˿ʼĬʵֻǸոҶ˶ֹ۵һ棬ûһȥ롣
˵ΪʲôҪܵܺûзʲôбҪôĹԸ𣿡Ҷ꿴ʵϣ˵
ʮǷǶв˵ҪǸϹżͳһ½ĻҪ˾ʮΪʮпܻƽǧõ˵
ӾϵĽǶȣ翴Ϊ͸ģǸλãҪһͳ£һȻҶϰϰ
˵Ҷ˲ϰΪȥֹĴڣһ˵˵õӦĵֿüƻ޷С
Уʮȥƽ⣬͵ʮԼĶҲһϹżĲʮһ죬ͻöһв˵
ЩɣѾ㹻Ǹ̬Ůʮ뿪ĿƷΧбҪĻһɱˡ
˼ֳĬǵƺˡ
ʮѾ֪飬ԣոպڽһҪ鶼ǣǰźú·֪ĻЩȫԺС

һ̣Ҷҵ˶û˵ŮУ˵ǣͬʱǵлһּᶨ
˵ǸҶҶʲôĻһҪʬΣ
аģҶʲô飬һŹᣬΪ½İҲɱᡣ
⼸ŮĳǺܿµģ켶ǿߣһ֣һǿٳɳеŮͣټϱܵõ£Ҳܰĵ˯
϶֪ɱҶ˵ĺô˭ҿ϶᲻ôʲô鶼óġ
Ҷҵڻʲô飬ȥҲһᱻ赲⣬⻹нڶԸҶֵˣ˵ڵֻܷеȥ̽Ϣ
֮ļ죬ҶҵİѪĴǣעһطעջʳ֮ϵɽ
ֻǵĴٶȵĺûҶÿ죬ֻһû֪ʵȥʱ򣬸÷鶼ѾˣǵõֻһƬƽ

˵Ҷϵʱ򣬺һֱû˯ʱҲСɴǰûͣˡ
ڿвûκεϰȻԷĵ˯С


760 ȻĽ2
Ҷ˲СɴûжΪСɴȻڷɣĵȴ٣úܳʱ䡣
Ҷ˵Сɴʵĳ˵һСͧһţôԸڿС
ʵڣֻģ֮ǰҶ˷Сɴʱʾġ
ʵǸʱҶ˾СɴγһյĵشڴϣŸ
˵Ҷ˾һһŵ򣬶Ŵ帡ڿС
ֻҪάһͿԽУֻҪͿϸСͻ½
ǰˣȿƷ飬ȻֶΣǺܼ򵥵飬ҪԶ조ü򵥣Ҷ˵Ѳ˶ʱ䡣
Ҷ״󴬣ҲַͬʽУҴϷܶ࣬ҷΪߣȻǿҴĸڿС
СɴϵʱҶ˲ûȥôԸԼøĻǣСɴĶϵͳзʽ
һǺܺõһ飬ȻŹᣬһֱڲСɴ
Щ⣬Ժ󣬵ʱ˵ˣ
ܻҪģ˭Ҳס

칤ԽϹżΧ֪ŶĻһᷢʲôرģͺһͨСɽһ
ïʢľɫֲû̵ȻɫСɽȻͨȴҲľ
ֻһʱ䣬һЩȻ飬һЩڲһЩݣһɽ
ɽϹżڣҪĵط֮һȻҪرأΧһš
ѾɽΪԺΧԵĻˡ
ʱϹżɽһľӿɰĽС򣬲Ӧ˵ǱȽСŮվ￴ҹշ
СŮıϣΧŲٵЩյĻʼһǶģڡ
ЩΧСŮӦڱСŮ£СŮݼԺ֮ΪЩСŮգ½֮ϣֻһ˿ԡ
ᣬ̬ŮˣңСŮ߲ԶһЩŮ
Ů˭ǻ֪Կ϶СŮᡣ
ŮıϣһͬЩ꣬ͬʱǱϻվӵаĵŮһŮĬһЦ
ĬŮҲһգŵĽڸˣǡ
ЦŮƺ˺ǲˬҪһѵھһܺõĻᡣ
󵨣ȻҶԻϲһѵǲ֪ߵغ񡣡ЦŮóһеĶһ

ʱ˾¶ʹɫԿõϵһֻһЩǿ⣬һֺܿµ̾ߡ
ûǺܿµ̾ߣֻҪ̾߾ͻ̼˵ʹ񾭣˸еʹࡣ
ԣֻֻһϵĻκεĽҪЧܶ࣬û˸Ҵܣǣûгζ
˵󲿷ֵԭ򣬾Ϊζ
ֻǣľǺܼ͵ģʹ֮£ǶסûкǺ˲ģġ
ˣҪټˣѾˣڴʱǱĬŮٿҹգǸЦŮֹ
ôˣǲʹˣݼڣĸ㣬ǲѹǸЦŮЦ˵
ǣץǣôŰǣȻˣһԭǡǱŮ˵˱˾òϵ顣
ԭǣ仰Ӧ÷ҸòԭѾ²ˣ㲻ġЦŮߵԱŮɡ
ʱῪˣ˵ˣ˵ûˣҲϲŰʣҪôֱɱǡ
Ļ֮ЦŮټˣ֪ƢΥԼܻᱻ̾Ҳ˵
˵£ûˣǸĬŮǸֹŮ£ߵһֱ


761 ȻĽ3
Ҫ˵᲻Գ˵ȷˣ֪ԼԸҶˣҶ˵ˣӦþͲߣҲҪȴҶ˵˵
ȴûںЩ£ôġ
ɱǰɣȻĻһŹ㣡ʱ궢ᣬݺݵ˵
˿˵ĻһһͿʱӢʲô˵Ļ³ضܲң
ֻȴֻЦЦ˵Ĵ㣬ôɱǣɱǵĻҪˡοô࣬ΪҪɱǣҲǰ
̬ŮˣΪʲôһҪҵܵҪʲôǸŮ˵
ڴʱ˿̣Ůݣ˭Ѿ֪ûˣҶ˵ĴҶԣҶϡ
Ҫʲôܶܶ࣬Һ̫֮ˣҪĻ֪Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣡲һΣҪҵߣһֱҵߡЦš
ҪʲôѵϲҪ޸㣬Ǽǲͬģǿɲ̬ܵšҶ˵ȫڷ̡
˭֪Ҷ֮ǲܵģǲܷģһֱûκһԣҶϾ̼ᡣ
˵취ܲҾͼ޸ߣǼͬⲻͬ⣬ʲô飿Ҳټˣһ죬ǻ᳼ҡЦȫ鵱£һֱ˳˼˵ȥ
Ҷϲ֪ڼ޸Ҷˣ֮ǰںܶǰ˵Ȼ˭֪һЦû˵
ȥĻҲ˸е⣬Ϊʲô鶼óġ
ң޸Ҷ˵ĻҲһֲѡ½ϣһ𣬲һܲɱģҲֻҶˡ
֮ûи飬ǸͲҪȥǣŮ֮ĸ飬ԱԲơ
λҪ
㡭һ̬Ҷ˵
лл佱ܵҲôҵġЦ˵Դȫ⡣
֪ʲôʱܸϵҸİֻʣһˣ֪᲻ķɹʱֿգ·еڴҶܷɹԼ
ϣʱ᲻̫ˣʱ̲סʵ
ˣֻǸʱ䣬ܸܲϵ飬ϲĻҾҪһͷЦ˵
ǹ𣿡´ʵ
ţңȻ˵Щһ㡣˵

ʲô˰֪ûʲôãȻҪУ
˵ƺҲһģֻǰʱˣĻҲֻһ仰飬ȻĻΪʲôԼأ
ߣ˵ͷɹһڴʱҶ˵ȫΪ˴̼ģΪҶ˻ɹ
ҶԿԼĶá
ôˣ磬㲻֪ǵСܣǺģʲô鶼пóġҶϿҶԼ˵ƺǲ䣬Ҳôһ
ҵȷ֪ҾСʱ򿴹֮һֱðգ˵ʲôӵĶ֪Ҷеε˵
Ϊ磬ȷǺʧܵģûҶ˼棬涼ܲʶڣԼץŵʣԼĵܹܵԼ
еһֳ裬ǾԼʧܵúܳס
ʵ֪ʲôģˣָ֪оġҶֱ˵У飬Ͼ̬Ůˣ˭õֱӻǵĵһѧԺ
ǰҵڶšҶԶԴ˻£˵һѧԺ飬ۿŵġ
ڵһѧԺУҶڸ߼Աʱ򻹵ʦĽɫڵһѧԺʵ˽⣬֪ǰյ۹ҲܶԵһѧԺʲô
ڣһѧԺȴ׵Ļٵһ֪ôһ£ʵ̫ˡ
Ӧøе٣ǵһʹΪǣѾǵĿ涼ùˣʱ˵һҲⱻ֪Ѿûˡ
ûˣ㲻ǻ죡Ҷֱ˵


762 ˣ1
ΪЩôĻǾͲץǣҶǸ쵰ڴʱǸЦŮ
˼Ժ첻̫ˡҶϺܸ˵˵⻰̼ЦŮԵġ
㻹Ĳ𣿻ǣԼΪ׸
˵ȷһ飬ֻһ㣬̫ϡˡǣҶܹæ˵ֻİ취
Ų㣬Ϊǰ׳֪ô̬Ź֡Ҷֱ˵仰Ϻܼᶨʵûʲô
Ϊ
һ׳գҾҪƭױƭЦ˵

Ŵ󲿷ֵ˶ͬ⣬ҶڴҵУӦƭһˣʱҲƭġ
ˣǿѾˣǸûȥˡҶ˵ÿ춼˿գһֱ档
ƺ˵һܿݵ飬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
Ҫȥˣ̬һ𣬶һӣҶеܡҶٴ̼һ£ϣ̲סɱԼ
ĻԼͲóΪ׸
ʵҶ֪֮ٿѾ϶ҶһҶߣҶ˱ض׶༪١
ԣǲϣҶΪԼûõĸԼ
𣿺Ǻǡףѵ˵ҳʱյ˱仯
ͬҲǿգ¶һ˿ȡ
ôˣЦŮ̧ͷգϸѰĵطǰɣķɹ
ʲôҶ˾죬뵽һܣӦģòֻһܡ
ǣ̧ͷա
֮Уһ壬ԲκεŽķ⣬Ǹڿеһ塣
Ȼʲô˿Ƶģʱ򣬼˶Կ϶һҶˡ
Ҷˣ˭ʹĶ˭һϷɣͬʱʱ˭ȥġ
û뵽Ȼķɹǰһ죬ҵ뷨ʧˣᵭ˵˵ʱûʧͬʱƺһڴ
ʱ򣬼˶ſеǷŵĶڴ䣬ȻҶ˴߳
ʱҪ˵ڴĲˣǸЦŮϣҶ˽䣬ҪоҶ˵еװ
ʱе鷢ˡ
ҿǷе廮ԼϿգȻûͣǰǰ
ѵ˵Ҷˣ
ⲻܣһǡ
źŵǸ쵰һȣ̾óźŵźŵ𣬷ƿ֮ȻͣڿС
źŵ֮ǸеֹͣǰȻ˻潵ˡ
Ȼǡ˼Կ϶һ£ǾĳոһǹͷˣԼĿĵض֪
Һãո˷ˣȻĻҲ֪ĳ˻ܵʲôطȥѵһϵ·ʱ͵ڰ׷ˡ
ڷ彵ʱ򣬴ҲͷʲôһͱȽԲĴʲôûдҲ֪ʲôڿС
⣬һҪúõоһ£
Ǻǣ˼ոչͷˣ
ڽ֮Ҷ˾ͳڴҵǰС˵һǸ仰ȾѾµˡ
ܺã㾹ȻķɹˣῴҶˣЦ˵
ɹôϵüУһ̣ҵĴҪһ࣬һȻҪҶ˻ش
ţҶֱ˵˵ȷǣʲô飬Һ˵
⵱ȻǲеģôôͷˡһߣǸЦŮҶˣҶʵ̫أȻҪ̸ٷˡ
һ˶뷨ҶҶϱˣҲӦġ
벻ǡ
ãͷ˷ˣ
ʲô˾ȵؿᣬôץˣô׵ķˣȻ˵Ҷˣ黹Ҫ̸ɡ
˵ǣᵭ˵޷
磬㣬ǺòҡҶʱҶˣеûĵ˵
ʱ㻹˵֪˶ٿ࣬ҶûذҶһۡ
Ҷ߹ȥʱҲҶ˵ߣΪ˿ҶˣҲڱҶˣҲһҶ˸Χš
һεĿľΪץҶˣڸҶˡ


763 ˣ2
ˣҶߵʱʵ
ţҶ˵ͷ˵£㲻а
´˴εҡҡͷ˵ɼ㲻ܹңΪҶ˵飬ΪڰԸ顣
ʲôɼҪԼŬæÿҲҪʱ㿴㣬ڻǺǰ࣬ûж켶ͻƲˡҶ˽ӻֱӵָµĽȡ
˵´˴û뵽Ҷ˻˵飬תһ룬ҲǵģҶô飬鶼˽ġ
Ϊ켶ôͻǵģѾÿ춼ˡ¼˵Ҷ˵ָе㲻
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ĽȣֻҪһ£ʱӦѾͻˣȰ㣬㻹Ǿһʱ䣬Ȼ͸ϲҽˡ
ǣѵ˵һƺҶ˵˵
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ҪҪ˾ȣǾӦ£ûз
ģǾͻҲûãбǾ͹ٶġ˵
ԼµΣһԴֻԼ֪
ǻǲҪˣ磬㣬ǻȥʱǶҪңҪӵĻӳġҶٴһ飬ǾǺѱסġ
ʱ˵ѵͲɱ㣡û˵
ʲôʮһúҶ޷˵˵˵ͬʱҶҲҶ˵̾߸ˡ
ñϵЦŮסˣ벻Ҷ˾ȻôɵĽԼ𹤾߸ƽˣԼĵģҶˣҲƽ⡣
ֻ벻Ҷ˷ǵƽˣһ˵ļ򵥣һѣ
ϵľȷģҶ˲ԼһһΪвյļƻΪܱʡ
ڣ˭϶֮ǰԵһѧԺжֻҪץסҶˣǼǸٴĴҲãҲֵõġ
磬㣬ǸСɴ֮ԶȥҶָǱߵСɴ˵ʱƺûпԼڵλá
ֳô˵ʲôʲôԷСɴ𣿿϶ǲܵġ
٣ûŪСɴôɵģǿ϶˿
УǻߣСɴߣҪСɴоЦŮ˵
ιι˭˵ʲôǻʵ۶ûзԡҶʱû˵ͻȻĳҧǲˬ
㡭㲻ʶңЦŮ˴ʵ
е죬˭Ҷ˿ЦŮһᣬȻʵ
ҡҡͷΪЦŮ֪ЦŮÿ춼ڼǹҶˣȻǹҲʲô£û뵽ԷȻȫǵ
Ҿ˵ûĵ˸ǵ˭Ȼʱ򷢳Цټı飬Ϊ֮һ
ЦŮĬˡ
ʲôӦʶ𣿡Ҷеֵʵ
Ӧã̫Ӧˣˣ˵£ͬ⽫ɴļǣҾͬĴȥôῴҶˡ
ʱǸЦŮʵ̫ˣҶôܻӦأҪǻĻһӦ
Ǳû˿ӦõļֻģȻҪ֪仹Լĵˡ
˭֪ҶǵжԹϵôὫ⼼أ
ֻǡ
û⣡Ҷ˵ͷӦ
ЦŮеЦʱסˣؿҶˣѾ㲻ҶˣʲôˣΪʲôô򵥵İѼ
ѵ˵ֻΪ˾ˣ˵ֻ˵˵ʱĲЩ
ЦŮǻɣֻʱҲûʱȥʲôֻ仯ʵе졣
߰ɣȥҽ㣬˵ҶԲˣῴҶˣ˵û˻Ǹ⣬˵˵ѡ
֪ˣǶԲһֱˣϣһβҪѹˡҶϿᣬǸӵ˵
ҪˣǲѹĻͲѹЦЦûлش⣬ȴƺҲڻش⡣
˭ó˵飬ǹҶ˵⣬Ҷϣ᲻ҪҶʲô飬ûһ϶Ļش


764 ˣ3
ǿ߰ɣȻ̬Ů˻ıģһƱŮˡҶʱѵ
ǰһƱģԣ㲻ҪҡῴҶЦ˵ڴʱûȥҶˣƺʱѾҪˡ
߰ɣҶҶСɴվС
ȻʱǻǲȥģΪǻ֪ôСɴôȥأ
㣬һǸĺɫťҶڴʱҲƺ⡣
֪ˣҪСģҶϰһǸԵĺɫťʱСɴͿʼɵΡ
ʱ򣬳Ҷᣬ˶Сɴһ档
ᣬ㲻Ҫ˺û˺ġҶڷɴյʱ̲סһ䡣
ģãһ᲻أЦЦ˵û˻
磡Ҷ˴ʱͻȻе
ʲô£ҶԿҶˣأʱǾԼ̫ûˣҪҶԼ
Ϊʲôô˧Ҷ˺
仰ʱҶԲҪҶʱΪʲôͻȻ˵顣
˵㳤ñѿˣͷԡҶ˺ΪʲôͻȻ⡣
ʱ򣬼˶㵹ء
꣬Ȼ˵ңƻ˧󣬵ţһҪúõĽѵҶһŭ
Ҷ꣬һαҶƳȥˡ

СҶһ磬˭ңѵǵܵǸ쵰Ӧòܣһң˵һ
Ȼǽܣⶼ֪

СܣǡҶȥ֮̾Ҳ֪ոҶһ㣬Ҫǹ顣
ǲǺܺãǺˣСܡҶϵ˵
ǰˣȴңۡҶԺεҡͷеѹ֣뱬һ¡
ʵ͸ûȥˣСҲѾѹңֻûе£Ҷϵͷ
Ҳ˭벻飬˭뵽Ҷ԰οȻԼѹ֣ǻῪԼá
ᣬϣҪ衭Ҷ


ǶԶˣҪٿˣҶ˵˵˺ܣִ˲ǵˣһܵĺѡ
Ҫʲôأᣬ˵ɣΪʲôҶ˼գص
ˣ῿Ҷ˵ļϣ
⣬һˣѵǶˣ˻ǲ֪Ĺϵ
˻ɣ¶ʼɣҶǲŲɸ˵ܡ
ҲܣȻ˵ǵˣһֱûжٳͻҶ֮ǰἸæҶ˵ĻҲϹżҲͲӵ֮ǰ
УҶ˵ĻҲڶʱͳһñһĿ̲˲ٱС
ȻȽ٣ȴźܷḻĿһʱһֱƴ󣬴սʣΪʲô׼
ҲˣҶͬһϵĻҲǲܵ顣
ȻЩЩ˵Ĳ룬췽ҹ̷һĲ롣
Ҳ㣡Ҷ˺ܸɴ˵
ûģѹֻ˼ǣ˼ҿǶǣҶǵġӣЦ˵ԣոյĺһСЦ
Ҷ˵ϣƺȽϲЦźܴĲͬ
Ŷˣոջû˵Ů˭ҶָЦŮ˵ʱЦŮֱɣƺҪҶҧĸо
ôˣҪҧпͷ⡭Ҷóһͷźܶ⣬ǸŮջš
㵱ʲôǹ𣿡ЦŮ̲סˣֱóһҶ˾׼ȥ
ס֣µסŮ
£ſңûңЦŮŭ
侲һ㣬ϻǱأѵ϶Ҫɱ𣿡ץŮ֣еͷʹ˵
Ҷˣʲô˲ô̼ȥ̼ʲô
ҵǹͷܺóԵģҾϲˡҶҧһڹͷ⣬ܲ˵

ˣˣҶˣӦûǵõΪʲôС̰ɡҶˣһܵӡ
ҡҺǵãͱˣΪҵȻˡҶ˵ƺֻôˡ
˵ĺ㻹ΪǴŵĳԵġŮ
ţûԭ򡣡Ҷ˵ͷ



765 ɳܣ1
ҶˣɳҲСͬѧֻǡʱֱӽ˴𰸣֪˵ȥҶҲһ֪顣
ɳǸɳĺأҶ˿ŮҲɳͻȻһ䡣
㻹˵Ҫɱ㣡ɳŭ£ſңҪɱ쵰
Ҷ˰Ҷˣ治֪ô˵źãѵˣĺӣҥġеͷʹ˵
ŶҺҥˣɳڱĪǣû㣿ҶʱлҳһȫûԼ̼ɳľ򣬺ͨͬѧۻһ
ʲôңǾˣҲŲٺһѾˣһҲٺҸϡɳ˵
Ǿǣ㣬˲ҪҲգҶ˵ͷ͵
˸ое֣ôͻȻ˷·ͬһӪˡ
ߣɳһ䣬ƺˡ
ʱҶȴûз⣬˵֪˰ɣʵڰ㣬㿴˵ıԡ
ǲӦøлأɳʵ
ţӦøлңҶ˵ͷȻ˵˶ҶôȻôҪ
Ƥʵǹģͬʱһɳ쭡
㡭ҪɳŭȻ׼ȥֱӶˡ
ҺҪģе㲻ҪҶ˶ŭеɳ˵ȫԼĻٴλϽ͡
ﲻҪˣĴ㻹˵ңɳŭ
ǲҪ±ĴҶ˺˵
ɳҶˣʵ㵹˵˵ﲻҪˣдˣ
Ҷ˶˶٣˵ȣҪƷ㶷ⱾһУ֮Ӯˣֲ䣬ҥԣѵû𣿡
ûΪԼŮҵˣѵҲܷ𣿡ɳ˵
㷴ûҰŷҲûдʹڣΪʲô㣬˵ǲǲҪأҶ˿ɳ˵
ʲôᣬ𣿡ɳ˵ʱͻȻɫЩһˣոʢ˵ˡ
ûԼˣԽģֻû뵽ȻͣɳưͿҶ˿ɳ˵ǲôġ
ҪܣɳҶһۣ֮Уƺû֮ǰֺ⡣
ʲô˵ʲôе㲻ˣɳ˽ⲢǺֻܶ࣬ɳȻɳѾϯʿ
ɳһŮǲкӵġҶ˵һ𾪵飬û֪ɳܵѶ֪顣
˶ΪɳûзΪˣΪѾʧˣĪǵı飬ƺʧĪǽ֮ǰ
Ǹʱ򣬴Ҷɳһˣ벻ȻһŮ
ʲô˶¶֮⣬ȫϢסˣκ˶벻顣
ҪǴȥĻǽΪջʳ˼֮һ
ôܣǵĻǵΪʲô˵²ŵʵ
ҪԼˣ֮Ǹʽ˵ֻҪһСìܣĪЩʲô飬һ飬ҺˡҶ˵
㲻Ҫ壬˵ģԼȥ壬ôҪҡҡͷȫɳԼˣǺ˵ģԼ˵ѡ
֣һŮӣʵ֮ΪʲôԸⱳԼ
Ҷˣô֪ǴŮѵ㡭ʱȽϺɳΪʲô壬ǾûҪ
ҵȻ֪ˣŮǿԿóģˣҿһҽҶ˲˵ҽǺģЩ鿴ܿ
˵ҲܿóǵģһĬʵ
ţֻҪˣһģûзֱ𡣡Ҷ˵ͷشֻҪṹһģз˭˭ġ
ɫǣֱһȭҶ˵ϡ
ɫʲô飬УֻǻѣҶ˵ֻ֪ǲǴŮѣֲǿǵ
㻹˵߷ߵ
ҶˡʱͻȻҶˣƺе֡
ʱһΪҪѵҶˣû뵽ǡ
ܲܿóǲǴŮأῴҶˣЩڴʵ
ʱóˣ˶û뵽˵ͬʱҲһЩ˺ܺ棬Ҫ֪顣


766 ɳܣ2
ǴŮҶ˻ص𰸣ڳҲܲ²⵽Ͼ᲻ˣûмһģҶˣûκ˿ϴһ㡣
ʱЦЦòе㽾ӣܿ죬ʧȥЦݣҪҶ˸߷ɣֻҶں˵һ仰
仰ǡ
һӶǴŮ˭Ҫ̬
ҹһҶˣٶȺܿ죬ҲͻȻҶ޷ܡ
ֻ˵ʵѣҶ˵
㻹˵
ǸɳΪʲô˵ԼǴŮǽûкк飿Ҷֱᣬתƻ
⣬ҶʵҲʣȻ˵һֱʣȻᣬǾ˳ˡ
ҪܣɳǾ仰˵顣
˵ɳҲܺ档ʱҶһ£Ȼʵ
Ҫ֪ĻҾ˵ˣʵǸʱҪĪǵļ壬Ҫõǵ֧֡ԭ£˼ɳ˵ԼʲôģϾĪǵļѾΪѹˡ
ף˵ɡͷŲɳĹȥ
ΪˣҾͽӽĪǣĪǵҲȽϲҾӦⳡˣ绹ǻĽҸԼϲġɳ˵֮У֮⡣
֮ĪǾҪҡǸǸʱ򻹺ãԲǸҲңûˣһΣһҾ¥Էʱ˫һƣƺ󡭡ɳ˵ʱʼԽԽ죬˵ˡ
ƺԣ׵ģǼҶ˽ӻʾɳ
ɳŭƺԣԼ˱Ů˶֪ǸŮ˵ңҲͲ˵ˣ˾ˡ
ˣôԼŮ˭֪˵Ҷˡ
ιι˵˵˵ˣУ㿴ʲô˼Ҷ˵
Ҳ֪˴ҩŻҩԭǸ׼ģԼ׼ģֻԼˡɳϵЩ֮УƺҲ˽һЩ飬һЩᡣ
ֻǲ׵ǣΪʲôɳס˵ѵҲҪ˦Īǣ
ޣ˵ڰ㡭Һðûкһ𣬲ȻĻǳǧˡҶ˵ʱԼؿڣǸʱСû޼չȥ
ȷڰңҲһ㣬飬ڹȦǣֻǽ⣬Ȼңɳ˵
Ůʱô֣ԲĴ£ŮҲǿԭ£ȴԲԭ¶ԷԼ
ǸȻˣǵ͵˰ɣԺҪң㻹һŮԺҸ˼ˣҲһġҶ˶ɳ˵
Ҷ˵ɳڻǴŮʱɳһ죬ǺݺݵصҶһۡ
ҿ԰ҡЦŶɳ˵
ˣѾĿ꣬˵Ժ˵ˡɳҡͷ˵
Ŀ꣬ǳԽҶˣΪʿҾ㻹Ƿɣɴһ㣬ֱ׷һ㡣ֱ˵ڳ˭֪ɳĿ꣬
˵ɳѾһֲܿľˣҲǸըо̶̵ʱУʩڽеļƻ
׷ңǲɵҿŵˣҶֱӱʾԼܻɳ
˭׷㣬ûֻǿЦѣһɵϣûذҶһۡ
ԭǿЦˣҶؿڡ

ˣ˵ģҶͻȻ˵ᣬֱ˵Ŀİɡ
ŶҪ֪Ҳ˵ˣҪ㣬Ȼ˵Զģ
Ҹ㣬סҵˣҲסҵģҶ˵ף⻰ôое㲻ʺϡ
ߣסģסҲãӻףΪɶһ˵

˵ʲôôһԹҪסһ
Ҫˣ㵽ϲһ㣬ҸĺòáҶ˵
Ҿϲ㲻ϲһ㣬İɡƽ˵

ˣǻ
ʵҪʲôףˣҪǩһԼҲֹκεжƽǵҶ˵
ף㻹㱿֪ΪʲôҪҲӦ֪һһߵģǣҿԵõ£ȻҪԶߡЦ˵


767 ɳܣ3
ǰɣ㻹ҸطҹҿɲߡҶ˵
ʲôطȫǰȫҡҡͷô᲻֪ҶҪҪӵĻжٵطס
ߣ㲻ҵʱɱˣȻߣҶʵ
ԿᶢҶˣ˵
ˣŮɲ⡣Ҷ˵
ɲ⣡ŭ뵽һ棬ƺҶ˵һ顣
ǿ㣡Ҷ˵
Ҫ䣡УʵʵģӦңҪ뿪գҪ뿪ҵߣҾɻ˵
ΪʲôֱɱңǸӸɴࣿҶ˺֣ΪʲôֱɱԼȫ
ΪʲôҪô鷳Լɻ
ɱĻҪ˭ҶˣһпɶΪ˸㿴ġῴҶˣеԹ˵
˵ʲôҶе㲻⡣
ˣ㲻ˣӮ£ʱ֪ˡЦЦƺϼ
Ҫ½𣿡Ҷ˿ᣬе㲻ʵҪΪ½İҪĴ̫ˣû˻ѡ
յ۹ôӴĵ۹Ӧø֪ˣҪôĴۣǸսҪˣտ϶ġ
ǣҪһͳ£ҪΪ˫Ůʵۡ˵
Ǳ̬֪֪öȥټͥ飬ʧҶ˵ϣս˵սԲѪĻǲ
һǿݣҵģ˵ҪһĿģġ˵
ҽģʲôʱģҶֵʵʵ벻Լʲôʱ̹ЩЩԼ
Լɣص
ĻһֹġҶʱ˵
֪ԣҾЦ˵
Ϊס𣿡Ҷü˵
ڿԣԺ˵ˡЦ˵ҲûҶ˵ķӦҶ˵֣ȥ
㲻㻹Ǹɴһ㣬Ҹɱ˰ɡҶ˺ֱӵ˵ʱƺûɱҲ磬ĵˡ
˵Ҳɱ㣡ߵ⣬Ѿ׼ˣӲߵġ˵ƺгһƵİ취
ߣʲôӲߵģȥҶ˵
ȻȥϹż滹кܶ˵
ҲŲ⣬̬Ůˣ֪᲻ҵĶɱˡҶֱӾܾ
㹻µͻһ㣬˵ǲأῴҶ˵

Ҷ˳Ĭһᣬòϣ仰˵ĺȷһӵоԵƣһͲʲôֱͶ˲䱻
սⶫֻҪ˲ģڳܵ˺Ϊ㣬ϵԽãǾͻԽˡ
ȻֹսķսḶ̌Ҳһ¡
ŶϣҪκ˳ȥˣ
ڽϹż֮ͷԸŵСӣϹż˭ܳȥ
ᣬҵӦþ㣬ˮˡҶʱ˵
ҲûãǸʱǲǺˬҵ촽𡣡Цʵ
ģճģˡҶ˺ֱӵ˵
ǣҶһۣȻʵǲˮʲô
ǣҸո˵Ѷѣ촽ûʲôоҶڻص

Ϲż֮Ҷ˾͸оһеϢϲĵطʵ֮ǰһЩʱ䣬ֻ
˵һҪһֱĻҲνġ
Ҷ˵֪һԼӲģʱӲģڽʱطʱ򣬾ѾҪڻʹҪӡ
ͬʱҶҲҪżͬʱҲ԰һ㣬Ҫˡ
˵ҶˣȻɼʩȥץߵҪЮı̶̬ȣǷʤ
ҲҶҪԭ֮һ
Ҷ˽Ϲżʱ򣬾ͷطǰһˣûǰûˣкܶˡ
˵û˵ĻǾˣصҪļ½


768 ʮ꣨1
ȥҶţԼĹƿܻʱҪҪܶ࣬Ҫԭɳ˵Ĵڡ
Ҷ֮ǰǹʿˮƽһ΢һˮƽ㣬ˣʱһ˵ĳ֣ܻˮƽֱ仯
¼䲻һЩţҶ߶ȣҲԶɳƺˡ
һɳҲԸı棬˻Ǿ͸˵ˡ
ֻҪ꣬վͿԳֹģӴʵϣ֮ǰǸһ
Ҷ˻ˣߵҲһܱ̬ʿֻһֱûб¶ѡ
ףʮ١
ǰʮ٣

Ҷ˽Ϲżʱ۽ǴĴڣ濪ʼû
ܶ˶Լе飬Ҷ˳˹
Ҷ˴һᣬȻŷ֣ЩʿԼģյЩʼʿ
ҶЩʼʿǺܸߵģĵȻ䶯ҵΧۡ
ȻЩ˸ĻҪҶһЩ⣬һЩ⣬ţҶһ֪ΪǽЩ⡣
Ǻãþòˣ
Ҷ˶ԴҲϲԭ֮һһ˶ᱣò˸е׽
ǶᣬʵҲǺòûʲôˣȻһ
ʮ٣ʲôʱģʵ
ոհǵŮҹġҶЦ˵ͬʱһ±ϵᣬͷװԼʲô֪
Ǹлϣͷʹأкܶ⣬Ƕ֪ЩʿǸмؿᣬЩ˿ûж롣
Ҷôǲȥ룬ֻ֪Ҷ˳ˣ˿̵Ķ
ɳȻҪЩ˺ܶ࣬ȴ̲˱ЩҲ˴˵⣬Ҷ֮Ĳ
Ҷ˵֪ʶḻ˾ò˼飬ŵĶҲһԣܻش󲿷˵⣬Щ֪ģҲû֪
øлңһҪлôҿ࣬Ϊ˵۹ף˵
Ӧģʿ˵еܳĸо
Ҷ˾쵼Ѳһ룬᲻쵼һҵ쵼
Щ⡭Ҷ̣˵Щʱܻش𣡡
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ᣬѵôڻʹʲôҶʱе֡
أʹ黹ͿԴˡ˵֮Ķ͵ĻҲһûзֱ
ϳʱôԼԼ飬˾֪֮ͨȻ׼һ¡
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򰡣ѵд𣿡ʵ
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ʵҾãСӺͽһĸо̼һ㡭


Ҷˡ
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ҶϹżѾǵʮˣʮÿ춼粽ģϲҲţϴܽҪһϴ
ȻҶ˼ܽҲûйԹԵϴ裬ɲ˻ẦµȻܡ
飬ҲҶˣΪʲôӣ
ӣˣ㶼³Կˣʲô
Ҷ˵Ļشŷ֣ԼܳԿӣȻ˵ܽûҶǰѹ⣬ֻǱ¶һ㣬ֻǴ·
Щ黹кܶ࣬Ҷ˵Щ޹ؽҪģһ㣬һҲûŮʵ۵ĸо
Ҷʱ򣬾е㲻ԾﲻԾ˵ΪһֱоżеĶҲԺ
ʮҶ˹ȻͶʿݣоżϴûоĶ˵һܺõĻᡣ
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һ;ʱ䲻ƵĵطֲҲֻգȴһˣǹо
ҶоʱЩЩɻˣܹ˳ڽˡ
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ͬʱΪҶ˴Ӧɴļԣ֮пʼһµı֣Ǿǿվ
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ЩҶ˻صһ£оˣ뵽õ档
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Ҷ˵ģһܲĻʵۣԼúܺãλĻһὫЩڰյõ䡣
ʱ򣬴һ֪ԼЩŬԺı½֪棬ôʿҪԣʿҵʼֱ
Ƕֻսᱻ˼ǵãƷʱŴңõĶᱻԶļ
ǸʱĲʢţһµսʽһΪеսʽΪħʦ֮ĵսϵͳ
Ҷ˾ڲ֪֮䣬½һɡ
񳱣
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ʱһֱˣɳʱڣʱڡ
ʱıЩŹ֣Ҷ˵ʱҲԱǰ࣬ҲҶ˾ú֣ԼΪմʲô
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Ҷ˻֣ᷢҲһ⣬ȥϸ룬ΪҶ˾ı鶼Ŀĵģ˵Ϊʲô顣
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ʲôطо֡Ҷط֮󣬾;طЩ֣֮ǰЩطһ
ĴûκεĽһ㳡㳡֮ϣһЩŹֵ
֣ҲŴῴǰ浭˵
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ǰкܶʱ䣬ҳ˿Щʲô׼ʲôʱҳȥҶһڿţһ˵
Ҳ֪ʮһܺõѡ񡣡˵
Ǹ̫ˣҶûػصûзǷӡ
̫ˡʲô顣
Ҳ֪Ͷһ㣬ˣҶЦ˵ʱΪ̷ֻû뵽ûлشֻ߶š
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ʮɣʮټɳʱͻȻ
ʲôҶеɻɳ˵ʲôܿ;òԾˣеĶڱ仯Ѹٵı仯
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ҶͻȻ֣Լ߶һӰӰԼٶԼ˵ڵء
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Ҷˣ
ϣ
Ҷֻ½ԼͻȻ֮ͶˣɳҲһҲͻȻ֮ˡ
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һԼҵ·˵ҶäĿġ
ܣ칤Խļץﷸĸ֣ԣڼռ֮Уǲʹκεǵʱ䣬Ȼ˭زɳٴδµġ
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770 ս
ţת֮䣬͹ȥ꣡
ʱɵһ˺£
еʱʱķɿ첢˾ú£˾øˣΪʱǹúҿ࣬ʹ࡭
ʱʥ½źܶ˶ʹ࣬ϣʱܹȥĿһ㣬ΪʱǱսʹࡣ
ԴҶͻȻʧ֮½ľͿʼ仯ˣԽԽң棬Ϳʼս۹ȫսսӵ½
սıЩΪҶʧԭǴ½籩ģսĵߡ
ʵϣεսҲΪҶ˵ʧ
ʧûյ۹Ⱥףûɻҵľ棬Ĳ֮УΪ˭˶ı䣬Լڡ
ʧȴյ۹һܺõɣǾսɣյ۹Ůʧɿյ۹κεսǾٹ֮Ҳһԡ
ʱյЮᣬҪҳᣬһңȻҪɳӵġ
ɳˣҪռ˵أǻ׾ٵ飬ֻĸһͬ⣬˭ͬ⣬û
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˵εսĻū³ԱŻ׹ȥֻҪϰһ£ҲͿԼԭԵõõģȻҲпǻһġ
ֻǣεսȴһֱûнȻڳţþúܸӣЩūȻΪ³ԱϣͻһЩѵ顣
Ϊյ۹ĹϵȻͱúܲ˫ìһֱڳ꼰㣬ЩԭҪԼˣ޷
֮ܶսûнЩìҲһһֱȥҡ
ǹ˵ģҪսپĵսϵԽã鷳ͻɼαǡ
ֻǣսĶ䣬κ˶޷Ԥϣյ۹Ҳ֪ţⳡò̫õսôãΪ½ϼĴս֮һ
ΪҶ˵ԭҲúܶ˲μⳡս˵ҶҲսԭ֮һҲսΪʲôôԭ֮һ
ҲǾ΢ĵطҶ˵ԭ򣬾ȻñӦ÷飬ˡ
ô˵ܶ˶ãεսԭʵҪΪûԭҲǸԭ
ܶ˶֪ѾźһУ׼һͳ£
յ۹Ҫϯ½Ǳؽᷢ飬Ҳ׼õ飡
ҲΪʲôҾԭҪҲͬʱⲢΪʧģԣǱȻᷢ飬ͬǣ˭ִ顣
Ȼνܶˣʵ½˵ֻһСֵˣЩ˶Ȩˣв֪ˡ
ڴ½ϵƽ˵һεսеĪƽøĪ飬յ۹ôͻȻôǿװá
Щװ֮УһЩսСҲйԵصһЩһЩ˾е˾úǾ棬޷õ
ΪԭҲյ۹Ĺ޷⣬һ֮£ǱӦûüӦѾˡ
ԭǿôģ
ʱ򣬶½ϵ˶ȫµ֪ʿְҵҲʱʼȫ
ջĹңڶڴļʿЩŸʿǸĶ
ļʿźܶ˶֪ԭָܶ½ϵ֮еģΪǺԵ飬˭ܿó
ļʿΪջҪʿװã
Ȼ˵칤ԽĴЩҪʵ죬Ҫ˲ţЩ˲ŲһŸֻҪһͿԡ
ҲΪЩԭô˿õʿھ˴óʼüˡ
ҲΪ󣬺ܶ˶ʼʿҵΪԼǲȡøĳɾֻͣҪԼһ֪ʶǾͿԵõһݺܺõְҵܺõĴ
һЩͨ˵һǳõĳ·
ʵҲ֤һ㣬֮һʱʿȷְҵЩͨҲõ˳ͷصĻᡣ
ͬʱҲΪô˽ְҵҲõ˷٣ҿʼϸ֮Уְټŵ
Ͼ֮ǰʵ̫ͳˣеĿƼ򣬳ϸǺģҲǱȻġ
ļʿĹȻҲɣһյ˲Դյķչһ£ҲԼˮƽƽյһЩԵֵյװá
һ㣬û˻ỳЩҵǷȷΪʵǰھ֮ѾֹסˣȻ½ѾдѾա
ʵҲⳡսýƵԭ֮һ
ⳡս˼ǵˣᣬҲͳյˣҶˣ
Ϊսԭ򣬻սΪʲôýƵԭ򣬻ⳡսܷԭ򣬶ҶŹϵ
ýƣҪΪҶˣȻҶ˲ڳѾڴ½ʧӰ쵽档
ȣΪҶ˵ԭ򣬱һʼʱͽ˺ñҪƵռƻգҲΪʲôսپԭ֮һ
һʼ̲ȸұУ˭²⵽ġ
Ǹʱղ뵽֣ΪǸʱգûбֳһͳµ뷨˵Ҳܲ˼ģ޷ŵġ
Ͼһ۹ڴ½ϵ۹˵ѾǼ޵飬˵ǲɵ
˵Ǹʱ˭뵽ְæ
ʵǴ۾̲ȸ󲿷صʱ򣬰ˣȸõ˴ϢĻᣬսߣ֮ϣյַʹȸûбݡ
ȻȸʧҲǺܲصģʧ˽ķ֮أ
ⲢǰˣյĽʵ̫ˣЩ˱ɴյĻԴﵽһ˼ٶȣͬʱҲȸֲ
Ǹʱ򣬻ڻɣȻôķɴΪʲôֱڿйΪʲôֻ˱
ʵ𰸺ܼ򵥣ΪʱֻеļûƣսǸʱѾʼˣֻʿ
˱ɴ˭Ƶģ⻹Ҷˣ
飬Ǻ޲ôҶһ٣ֻǸʱҲû飬ҶҲǰ֡
ô˵ʱֻܷ󲿷ֵأǣյľӣͬʱžסʣµء
ǸʱȻȸʧأҲһЩ⣬˵λļ̳⣬ǸʱѾûȥ⡣
һЩ֮󣬻ѾȷΪһŮʵ飬ֻŮʵļֵΣǾֻܿķչˡ
ڿԿ϶ǣȥŮȨأҪǰȸϺܶ࣬Ҳô׵õԭ
Щ֮УЩѾͶգűӦȸء
ĳЩ˵ЩõȨƺҪδŮʵȨϺܶ࣬Ϊڵȸֻʣԭķ֮һ
ͬʱƺµأԭԱҲǵõȨȻջһµķ򣬲ƫ롣
Ȼ˵Ще֣չ̫ܵϣǹ̫ܵˣЩ߸ƽ񼫴棬ɡ
ʵҲһţҪһܱԼأЩصĳԱоոڵøá
ģ˻ֻһʱģҲԹΪϾոĺôʱˣñͳΣҪԭĺá
ǣڹȥһʱ֮ЩسԱѾԼյ۹ʵѾյ۹Ծӡ
Ҳͱʾţյ۹Ѿȫȫռ
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ʱҲǴҷҪԵʱյƣ󲿷־Ϊе
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پЩ꣬ȻͷˣջһչţѾסķ֮ء
ʣµķ֮һھǰ۹ȸ۹壬ǳʱ̣ҲòȽˣֿͬյ۹
ʱ򣬳۹ĹңҪôѡ۹֮УҪôѾͶϣأֻȸ
ڼĻ壬ȸѾõӦĵֿͬʱǵСҲǵӼУ˵Ҫ̲ǣϼѡ
ԭǲֵڵĻһ֣ͬʱڵĻڳ֮£Ͳټˡ
Ȼһ£ǲú鷢˵ôһδ֪
ڶԸȸ밬ʱͬʱҪӦǱߵѹԻ岿ѹ
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Ҷ˶ڻ岿˵һǳҪˣΪҶȥһЩҾòܵ飬˵տս
ʼȻ岿ûпս鷢չ˫ĦˣͿʼսˣ
յļƻ֮Уͳһ˵ıҲڼƻϵģҲǻᷢ飬ֵ֧գսȫûˣֻǿˣǽҲǿ֪ġ
Ҳһһ䣬յս̫ĻѾˡ
˵飬ΪҶˣ
ղܵвǣգҲΪҶˣ󣬻ǺҶ˳Ϲϵ
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һ㣬Ҳһ㣬ǾҶǣ
ڵҶյ۹ĿƷΧѾȫյΧһ֮£ҶȴȻǱûбռ졣
飬ڵõϢˣú棬ΪʲôҶûݣȻ֮еһҶۣȻϮʱ󺣸ûȴȻڴ֮ϡ
Ⲣ󺣲һҶۣûа취ط
ҶǵķǼ˴װãҲһ޷ͻƣյϯʿΣҶֻܷˡ
˵һ仰һӮһССҶǣȴҸеһɽһ޷ԽĴɽ
Ϊ޷ƽҶ˵ķԣ;Ҷоһ£ңһоо˺ü꣡
ҶȻ˵նսţǷѣղҶʲô飬ҶҲǲյ˽
ҲǺֵĵطͬʱҲҶ֮һֱܶԭΪҶʼնǱ
ھ֮ҶǵƺҶ˵Ļ
ȻˣʵܣͬʱͷҪñͨ
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ͬʱҲˣԭҶ˵ģ󷨷ʱ򣬻ֵϵı仯ôһ¡
ԭ󷨷ʱҶǾͿʼֳ飬Բͬʽϣγɸֲͬ󷨡
Ҷ˵ƲҶǿԷֿ飬ͬʱڸ֮£Ҷǵסڳϣǲκε⣬ֻǣĵط仯ߵĻ仯
󷨣µ˶Ϊ֮𺳣ʵǰĻǾԲŻ顣
󷨣ҶǳΪһβƵıݣҲ޷ͻƣ
ͬʱҲܰеҶ棬ΪĵطǻҪսȻ֪Ҷ޷ͻƣҶҲһֱ̬ȣҲûټҶˡ
ǣҶǾͳ˴½ĵط
֮˵ҶǳΪǣյĵ㣬ҪԭΪҶǱģûΪ˵ҶҲһյжԵ롣
Ҷǳһܷۣ
ܷ۲ͷʹ಻ȥЩˣվͷʹǣҶǵҶѧԺĿš
ҶѧԺѧԺκθҶѧԺˣֻҶѧԺܶԷǲյģյжġ
Ҷսеı֣ҲףҶǵǶģѧҶǵҪֿյĻǾ׾ٵˡ
Ǻ˲ſʼӿҶѧԺҶѧԺҲȡ֮ǰĵһѧԺλãΪ½µĵһѧԺ
ҶѧԺѧԱ֮ļͿʼЧˣսֱúǸӣףҶһȴûа취


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ɳҶǵݺ΢С̵˾Ȼһ𣬺һ˸е⣬벻ͨҲûȥоʲô
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ͬʱҲǴɳĿУҪҶ˻Ҫʮ޷ıġ
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ڵҶǣһǳصľۻᣬԸĴ⿴ƺ̸У̸ֲС
ҶĳУʱ򣬱ŸİȫͬʱҲƫ̻κεһյˣҲһͬʡ
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֪㣡ǲصģңǷʲôãܵҲҪа취ͲᶼȲҶ국˵ӡ
֪֪Щ飬ϴҲ˵ģǽ˸ȥˡҶеε˵
ҶĻҶţҲ֪Ҷ֪Щ飬Ҳᷢ
ÿһμɳʱҶͻᷢ𣬶켶ʵǿߣ֪ٴҪɳɱˣҪɳ˱ĻѾ͸ˡ
ϾɳǽҶ˸ؽȥģһ˵ɳҲˡ
ͬʱʱҶϵе֣ɳ֪ôΣգȴһֱ˵оҶµĿʲôҶҿ϶
ҶµȻҶоûһ˿͸ϯʿҲһûв͸㣬¾ôҲûС
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ȻҶҵҲô׳գɳ˰װѧϰĶҶɳҪѧϰǾͱѧ̸֪ҡ
Ҳ˵ɳһѧԱͬʱҲһνʦѧϰͬʱҲҪԼ֪ʶˡ
ҶҵҲΪΪɳΪ˭ãɳǲν̣ܽĶ̸ңĻй©յܡ
ֻû뵽ǣɳȻͬˣһٵģĽ̸֪ѧԺҲΪյһЩװÿʼʻôˡ
òصʱҲǴҿƽ⣬Էʱ
һ㣬һƺû⣬ûоɳڱѣǸϯʼʿְλһɴ˵ѧϰġ
ʵ˵Ҷ˵һҪɳ֪Щյȫջкܶûʹãԣǲ¡
Ѿ֪Ķȡδ֪ģҶԼõĶǺܶ˶Ը⽻׵ġ
Ȼ˵ɳй©˵õܴĺôҲյĲԽԽѣʵôģ˭޷֪
һΣɳμۻᣬǱȻϯҶңҲ˵ҶźܴĻῴĻΣҶҿ϶
С㣬ʵɳҶ˶һģֻǹѣҶˣҲΪҵġС̴ʱҲڣΪ˴Ƴʳôá
ֻҪˣǾʲô鶼Ժú̸Ҳ̸һĽС̵ãҲҶߵİš
С̣̫ˣʲô˶ԭ£Ҷҡҡͷеε˵С̣Ҳ˵ʲô
ҶһǺܱС̣Ȼ˵ΪС̵ʳҲҶ갮ݼˡ
ʵǸʱҺҶ˶дñԭµҲŶԡС̿ǰ˵
ҲдԼ壬ԼԸģԼҪѵ˵ɱ𣿡Ҷ겻˵飬˶֪ˡ
Сû˵Ҳ벻ͨҲʹɳֻɳĻش޷ܣŮӵӦñʲôҪҪôܲء
Ǽֵ۵⣬һЩ˾Ҫ飬ڱ˵ǲҪġ
ˣһξ˵ҲаСûˣ֪ʲôˣ˵ѾšҶЩڴ˵
ξۻȻһϯˣȻٲȸ밬һЩаˡ
ûĻȻˣôǺţ߹ʱ̼Ҷһ¡
Уֻһ¶ѣӦǺţȥ꣬Ӧûǲ᳤̫졭벻ôزҶ꿴߹ȻЩʼɣȴƺֺƽ˵š
ҩɾˣѾʮˣڻôûֲû˸׷㣡߹΢΢һ죬˵
ʲôʮüˣҿĻҲˣУû˸׷ΪҰ˴ˣûޣ˭ûҶ޵
Ǹǡ˵𣿡ʱһӵС
ûУ˵ףС찡ǲˡҶػʱͻȻǸСԴһһܽСɰСֻʮһӡ
Сߣվһ߹ӵŮŮ¶΢ЦҶˡ
㣬ʲôʱģôҲ˵һȥ㰡ҶϴʱҲָǸ߹Ůݡ
ڵݣܴĵǱոΧˡ΢΢һЦ˵
ţһҶ꣬˵꣬ҲˣеСǿգһǺܾˣôϲ
԰СֻǣҶȻǰС˭Ӧ˵ȷǰС˭
ֻʲôǲı仯һϲˣЦʵ
Ǳ仯ˣǱı仯ҪСһΪҲһŵĸоڿڻ֮СҶֱӵ˵
СĬˣҶ޹ӡ
˰ǿûģСǱ仯Сһ㣬Ҳڱ仯ˣΪ̫ûзˣһ㣡˼ҵĴ㲻Ҫ𡭡˵ֻƺˣԼҲڴ̼С
СֳĬ
ҲǣСգûµģĻٹ꣬ͿԼˣʱĸˣʱֻ񡣡ҶСԴǰССӣûһش
硭Сһûм˵ȥˣе˵ӣ·Ӧó۵С֮ϡ
۵ѣʵɲСˡ
ˣЩԺ˵˶𣿡ʵ
ˣͲ˵ĴҶش֪˻˭̩ųĻǾ͸Цˡ
ʲôЦˣЩʵ
㻹֪ɣۻˣܲɣ󲿷ֶŮӣҡȫܵһȡйϵˡҶЦ˵
ʲôô˼۾һۻƺڴˡ
ȥ֪ˣҶЦţһӡ
ȥͽȥҲͳһ㣬ӵ
ǿٽǸ׼õʱҶҵһһ۵Сֻû뵽һӰ쵽½ֵҪ顣
ȻȻǿٽ룬ûбֳֽĸ߹ݣһʱʱ򣬾ס˵Ŀ⡣
ҲǺĿ⣬ҲΪϰˣһֱеĽ㣬ǰڶ
ʱ֣֮еˣȫŮӣЩŮɫʣԼ
ʲôĹ۾źܶ˶ҪͬȼŮӣۼһǶôĻ氡
˭һŮʵ
ҽһ£ȸǡЦʵҪ֪ЩŮ˭Ҷʲôϵ
Ҷ˵ı𣿡֮ǰǸŮһʵ
ȻŮ֪Ҷ˵ı㣬Ǿһ֪ͬʱҲӦ֪ڵĵλ
ĿɶͨŮӣȻ֪Щ
ݣںҶ˵ı㣬˵ںҶҪһ㡣
ûͷ
ԯʥǣŮͷ˵
ԭʥŮһֱҶС쵰㣬ȴûм˵
仰ƺҲ˵һ
˴˱˴ˣҲ˵㣬һֱûмԯػ
ûˣڳļŮӣƺҶĹϵ֮ƺûм
ڱ˴ӦöǺ˽ģѾã
Ѫɣϲ㡣ʱԯߣһֱû˵ҲûʲôһŮͻȻ˵һ˲Ļ
Ҷ˳Ծؿԯ
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ոҲûнܣҶ˻ΪֻǴһѣϾһӪ
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ǵģˣǱ˴ͨģĸоҶҲܸӦõԯ˵
Ȼ֪ʲô𣿡Ѫֱʵ
֪ĻǾͲŮ˵ˡԯεеؿһ¶Ů
ŮǱˣɳ
ͬģǽһҲʶɳɳҲʶԯˡ
ĵطӦҲܻӦõɳʱ˵ڸֵӵȻܡ
ʥŮˣҵĸоôģҲϲ𣿡ʱСϣһĺŮ˵
˵ĻƺѾĴڣȻòҲǾģֻԵñȽͨ˵㡣
Сƣѵ˵ϲҵܵˣҶЦʵŮǱˣǷơ
һΣǻСģڵķƣѾǰ۹һ֣ӵ켶ʵС£ͬΪŮԵȻͳΪĵһѡ
ȻһηҲǺԸģΪҪ￴ҪҶ˵һЩ
ǣҾҪ֪ʲôоҾҶһ㡣ҡҡͷֱӵ˵֮Уûжĸ飬ƺǹһѶԼĿ
ȷе㲻ϲ㣬Ҳᡭԯе㲻˼˵˵ٻҲϲ
Ҿ֪ЦЦûΪʧѾ뵽ġ
磬̫ˣǻ߰ɣ̸һ£߸ʱ򣬱Ÿģ֮Щ죬Ƕ෽ۻᣬҶ˵Ѿۻᡣ
ţҲǣͷ׼ˡ
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ðɣǻǽɣҲӦ̸̸սȥǶûкôɳ˵
ǵ˼Ҳһʱͣսɳ˵еͷԡ
һΪһ׵˵ͣսǵĲǲ½̲ˣǾԲݡ
벻ʱվȻͣսȻʱġ


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ҪͣսЩʵ
ţͣսʱͣսʲôĻǻǻġɳ˵
ǲҪ׼ʲôȻǽȫһɳɳֵ˼ƺˣô˼
ûǾ㣬û׼֮ǰԸǣֻ˷ֻ˲ƣǵĻǲͬġɳ˵ôǲǺˣǺµĻǾͼʱʧҲֻա
ã˵ˣҪһ䣬ֹ׼Ҳһ׼ʱضҪԭĶܸɴ˵
֪ǲҵ飬ҲЩ顣ɳػش
̸ˣ˵˵飡ɳ˵
ʲô̸ˣ
߸ЩŮˣ̸ƺô⣬Ǹ̸飬˵Ҳȷˡ
ֻҪͣսͿԣϣҲֱͣս
̸𣿻ûǸ񲻹ǵ顣ɳ˵
˭ʵһ벻˭ڵġ
ңʱһջͬʱһǻĵŮһ˵ע⡣
Ȼ˵ҶŮİģûмֻȴѾ֪ŮݣΪŮͨŮ׼ȷ˵һͨ塣
ŮһˣһĵĺŮ˵˵Ĵ
ǣȻ֪ŮǴ˵ģʲôЩҲ֪Ҫʵġ
ŵȣ壬ˣҪ˵ǻͬͣսΪҪ׼׼ˣһ֪˲ôǵġŮ˵
ŵȣԭŵȣ˼ˡҶЦ˵Ȼܵйϵġ
ȥҲźǸûϵŵû˵
磬ҾãǺǶˡʮŮԵôã֪ǽܼ
˵ʲô
ûʲôʲôû˵ŰˣעӰ찡
߸ڵ٩ʱñɩˣǺעҪڽ챯ˡ
߸㱣أҶ꺰һȻЦ˵С߰㿴ô˺δϵ㲻δ޵ĺʧ𣿡
ϵҶ˭йֻǹϵһѣҶԷһŮģҪǶøĻǾͺˡ߹ڴʱ˵
ûڳŮӣȻҶ˶ŹϵģǵĹϵȴףûκεԼ֪Ҳ֪ͬ
˭֪Ҷ˵ԸΪˣִֻĸ飬飬ûй顣
ǡǡڳЩŮϲҶһԭΪϲĸ飬ϲҶһָо
һ죬֮л뿪޸ˣҵҪİ飬ⲻ˸еκε⣬һжôȻ
ֻǣĻôһ
ͺ˵ˣΪȥˣƺûǵӡ
ǵĵΪҶһֱһ𣬲õĹޣǲһҪ޸ҶˣһҶŽһж˳Ȼǲõġ
ʱҶ˿϶Ȣ㣬ģҪС̵˵֮˵һ仰˵ע˹ʱ顣
ûҶйŮһʮ꣬ǻ᲻ᷢʲô飬ʱСûм˵ȥˣΪ飬е㲻˼
ӶǰɣûʱĿܣʮ갡ʲôѾˣʱ͸ǴһСŵҶˡڴʱӻ˼˭ܽӵĳ
Ҷ˳Ĭˡ
أĿܻᷢʮ갡ǵȻʲô鶼пܷģйŮһһҹܳ£οʮ֮ãһ⡣
СߣҪˡҶ˵

ңҪǸҺǸ̬ŮһһҪɱʱ˵Ǽӣ·Ҷһ
ҲǣΪ᱾һѪȵˣɱԼˣ󻹶ȸսһЩǲˡġ
ҶϲĻʲôԣΪ϶Ҷ˵ĸͱˣһҲɳʱ˵ǵָдƺ˸⻰˼
Ϊʲô˵ѵã̬Ůˣҵܵرĸ飿Ҷʵ
飬û֪ΪʲôҶһʧɣ֪
ڴҵĸо֮УҶһԼҲҪҶ˹ؽǸ
ҲΪоԴ˴ҲûϸȻȥϸ飬Ҳ˻ش⡣
ֻ̬ΪŹһ㣬ҲǱ̬̬˺ֹǧڸ飬һ٣֪ᱻסʮ꣬ȴȻѡҶһ𣬻ǵĻǻôɳ˵
ҵȻһ𣡣Ҷ붼û룬ͻش
߹ˣҲһͷҲǻȻⲢеˣŵȾͲᣬҪһ¡
Ҫǵ̫࣬ŵȣҶ˵ĸûôΪҶ˶飬ȻҪĻǻȥ
ҪǺģԺԲơ
ǡ治ǣΪʲôǻ쵰ôãɲʲôˡɳ˴Ȼ֪ЩŮ֮УҲŻҶһˣû뵽ô࣬ôɴࡣ
ҪԭĻڳŮӶ˵ԭ򣬲ÿ˵ԭƺǲͬġ
ΪҵܵܣҶɡ
Ϊҵδ򡭡߹ġ
ΪţҪС̵ɡ
ΪǷֲģҪˡԯ
ΪǸ磬ϲһ𡭡С
ΪʲôҿֻͷԷȰɣƴʵ
ΪʲôҲֻ֪֪ڳĻһһ𡣡Ѫ벻ɣֻǿ϶Լ
ЩʱЩǲҪɵġ
ЩȲҪۣ㣬⻰˼ѵ˵ҶȥģԼҶˣ
񾭣ӦǰɣǵĻΪʲôԼܽȥǸʱǸ쵰ѾؽˣѾӲȥˡ᲻뿪ѣȻҲͲܽȥɳ˵
Լܽȥģ⣬ô£˸еԻ󣬱ҪߵҲҪ⵽ôһ¡
Ǹʱ򡭡
ɳҲûʲôʱϸһ˵ǸʱȫȫĳֳĿ龰ƺᵽˣʱĵìܣ־Ҷʧʮ꣬ȴ᲻òҶʮ顣
ˣҶŸ飬һ˲׵ĸ飬ңԲǳ
˲׵ǣȻҶĸ飬ΪʲôǰһֱͷҪҶأ
ȵȣأȻ˵ȷҪҶûɹӦ˵ûĵһ
Ȼģģô˵ĽǣҶûҶȥһطʮꡣ
ףҶ֮䷢ʲô飬ĸ֮󣬻֮ǰģ
⣬Ҷ˳ɳҲ˳˶Ҫ֪𰸣ǾãڳĳŮӦû֪ġ
Ҳ֪ǰǸһһʱ֮ҲûкһˣǸʱ򣬺Ҷ鷳߹ҪѰ𰸵һ£ʵ벻⡣
ǰǲǺϲҶˣɳͻȻʵ
Ҳ֪ˣӦϲҰɡѵ˵ǰϲŵҶˣ߹һ⣬ûϸ룬ΪǸʱҶһֱһġ

ƺϲŵҶˣ߹һֱŵ߹
ֻ
ӦòܣǸʱСҶʲô飡߹ҡҡͷǸʱż꣬껹꣬ôôСʱ򣬶ҶŸأ
Ϊʲôи飬Сӵĸܵģһָӵĸ飬ҲֻǰҶ˵磬СһԽǵĸ飬ӡͬʱӰҲġ˵

룬ΪҶˣĻҶһ쵰ˡҡͷ˵
ڵƺ뵽һܣ֮Իôô̬ܾΪҶСʱ顣
ĻҶ˾ǵˣҶ˾һ쵰ˣ
ڴ̸Ҷ˵ʱҶʲôأڱ칤Խļַʲôأ
Ҫصʱ򡭡
Դ𣿡
Ҷ˴ؿĵطеԺʵȻ⣬Ҫ𰸣ֻһָпı֡
Ҷ֮ǰǹգһȻ磬ۼĳ˲ɣһԴ
ʱҶˣԼ֮ǰϹż֮УˣԼôͻȻ
ﲻԴҶ֮˵ȻҲⳡȴûбס
ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻҶʱ򣬷·żԼӦó
ΪҪظʮ꣬ʱͿԿ¶ҵģǷҵõµˣҲΨһϰ˵Ҷ˵ֱۣ벻
ʲô˵ʲôôˡʲôʮ꣬ʲôϰ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôУֻ֪ΪʲôһҶ˺Ժȫ벻ͨЩ
ʱΪʲôôԺǣȴҵļƻȫʧܣòеû˵

ˣ㣬칤Խļ֮УǹѺ˵ļʹκεʹħ˵
֪칤ԽļڼпϴûҵҪؽȥģҲãһˡҶϢ֮ƺ⡣
㲻Ӧ𣿡ʵôҲû뵽Ҷ˾ȻôһӦ
ΪʲôҪҶֵʵ
ѵ֪ûа취ȥ𣿾ٸҲһûа취ȥ׷ʵ
֪Ҷ˵ͷڻص
֪֪֪һΣҪʮ꣬ʮ㶼޷ȥʵҶ˿Ǹ㲻
Ҳ֪Ҷ˵Ц
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôôɣ㲻𣿡ʱе㲻ˣΪʲôҶ˻ķӦ
ΪʲôҪ㣬㲻ҲһһҪʮ𣿡ҶЦ˵˫ۿǰ棬ǰۼľɫ
˴ƺû뵽Ҷ˻˵ҺʮİΪʲô
ʲôãҲܸıʲôңʵҲҸո˵ģҲһ飬ˡҶ˺ɵ˵ţҲ֪ԸνֻǼװѡ
ֻǣʱװʲôãֻᣬҪңҶ˱ͲϲװʲôĻһֱ˵
Ҷ˴ʱһҲûҲȻĽʵȻҶص㣬ҲһԹˣһֽѡ
ûǽѣΪ֮ǰҲ֪ôȥԸᣬ֪һô½ֱøӣпܻͿ̿ĺ
ڣǺܲͿ̫ƽһЩԼҲȥİ취
ʱҶ˻û飬ֻܽͷʹ⣬ҲΪŻڡ
Ҫ֪ûᣬ滹ȻսȻͿ̿Ѫɺӣʲô뷨
Ҷһ˵Ѿ͵ĳ̶ˣĻ̶ҪӵĿֲ
뷨ȫȷģһûҶһĻǾ͸ͲǴͣսۻᣬڣضѾ
ȸ밬дϢĻᣬ֮Ҳضᱻ¡
Ȼ˫ʧ϶һ̶ܶ࣬᲻κδۣĲ֮ͬ
ǸҶ˵Ļ˵ǲŽѪɺӣ
лˡ૵
˵ûУҲһܺõӣ㺦Ҷ˺ֱӵ˵
㲻˵𣿡˵
ǲû˵Ͳ㺦ġҶ˻ش

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Ŷ˵Ǹʱ򰡣Ǹֻһʱ嶯Ĳ̣ŰСħŮˡҶ˵ʱƺûл֮еֺڣΪûкڡ
СħŮ£ҿɲǣ
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ĬûٷˣֻǸҶǰ棬ļ֮УҪҵһطڵֻһʼˣǿҪʮ֮á
ʱ᲻˵ʲôΪԺӻкܶܶࡣ
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ʱһԵĿɰκ˶Ǹ̬Ůϵһֻ飬ƺû˿ԿõƺֻҶǰŻı顣
˿̣Ҷ˲ûע⵽Щֻҡͷ˵Ҳ˵ʱ˵֮ǰʱұؽʱҪһģΪʲôҪң
˴û뵽Ҷ˻ûҶ˻ע⵽
Ҳ֪ҲջˣëˣźúõĻʵ֮ࡣںܾúܾ֮󣬲Żش⣬ڼ䣬Ҷһֱû˵ƺһҪشԼһ㡣
Ҷ˵껰֮󣬾ͺܸɴ˵һ仰ڷң
Ĭˡ
ʲôֱ˵ɣھֻˣѾûбҪʲôˡҶ˿ǰһţһߵ˵š
ǳĬˣúܸӣƺ˽սһ㣬еܣ˵ǲ˵ԥ
ЩѾôˣ˵ƺúֵܲҶ˵ģֻˣһҪദʮꡣ
ʮ꣬Ƕôʱ䣬ʲô鶼ܷԼܱסе
Уʮ궼ȥˣԼĿҲﵽˣʲô˵ģ
Ҳ㣬ûеõ֮ǰǲģǾҶˣҪҶദʮ꣬ԼĿĿʵˣܷ⣬Լ޷˵
ǻѡ񲻸ҶˣִţʮΨһ
ҾͲңʵ˵Ҳ֪ҲôġҶ˵˵֮źܶдƺ֪һЩʲô
֪ʲôЩŵҶˡ
֪һ᲻ңҶЦ˵

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ڳĬһ֮󣬿šաĵ˵᲻㣬Ҫ㣬ǣһֱңҸ㣬˵һ̬Ůˡ
Ҷ˳Ĭʱƺ뵽һЩ飬һЩ顣
ҾҪ֤㿴˵ҿǸʱͲˡǣΪһʮ꣬һֱϢʱ̫ˣҽܲˣ
ԣҲŻ
ã˵ţ·˵еʹìܣ
Ҷ˳ĬˣܸоʹìܣʱȻԼҲʹĸоʹᡣ
Ϊʲô
Ҷڲֻ֪ԼԼһЩ飬ǾЩ飬ЩԼñ̬飬пܾΪԼΪԼ˵һЩ
ĻԼȥˡ
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ᣬʱȴ飬ԼɵɵȴڣԼ֮ǰЩŬǰ
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ʧֲҶȥԱ˵ĻضܸɴñҶ
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ʮʱ䣬ǹеĿܣʮõһʱ䣬һ꣬ûнĿ̫ԣѡʮꡣ
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ǣ֪϶һϢûУʮ궼ûһҶ˵Ϣе޷ܡ
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֮еìܣһЩìֵܳôͻȻ޴ѡΪȻҪһ档
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ǸʱգѾ׼µһ־ǸʱһοʼѹŸȻ֪飬ҲѾ׼ˣǺܳĴ·硣
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Ǹʱ򣬻Ҳǵſ˵ͣĻʹüıŵȵļıǺܸģ½ûжƥС
ҲΪ˵ķŻ˵ϬѸ٣ڶʱʧշ
ʵҲûо˲ţ෴ǻŷǳֲľʦҲΪʲôһֱռϷԭ֮һǿЩװõĻѾȥˡ
Ϊ˿ѹסȸ밬˲ŻһֱѹŴ򣡣
һ˵ķҲΪյ̫СˣΪ˶ıƥԣǱ߲û̫ǽ
ȵǷԼС˵ʱǸʱѾˣѾûʧأһʼԼıԼɾ޴в
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ֻǣ֮󣬲ŷҶ˾Ȼһʧˣ˻ַţһ㶼ջ𣬶㶼йأͿʼйյľˡ
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ΪյĵطǾͲҶ㶯֣ŲǿԽȫɱˣ

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ᣬ㸸Ҳһ̬ˣԼ¶Ҫˣﻹô˰Ҷ˺һ䣬û뵽ջʵۻôɴࡣ

˿̣ƺܸջʵ۵ΪˣȨǰ仯ʵ̫ˡ
ϡЩûгŵճԱڷ˵ˣΪǻл֮ᷢǰſڸģѾԶûлˡ
ı仯пģһʱ޷ȥܣ
ڿɲŶʱЦ˵
ˣѾˣûĳڣıʿҲȺ֮УҲˡ
ûУֻһҶ˻شȻǸ꣬ΪʲôҾ졭
ıʿĬһᣬҡҡͷˣǵġԺ󣬽£Ϊ¡
֪ˣǸǸǸҶָǸıʿ˵ţûа˼ҵֽгԿ϶˶Է
ҽгţǵʮŴθˣһҲ˵ˡıʿ˵ԣ仰˵ʮ˴Σÿ˵ҶˣǼҶˡ
ţҶ˵ͼݾ꣬ɳһ˶ĳͣ
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ųĬû뵽Ҷ˻һУҪǱЩᣬԼܻȥ
ȿȣֻһıʿֻǸıߣ޹أڴһ侲һ㣬취ȥУȻĻúڻҩը
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ȻУ֪֪طΪʲôԽ˴͵Ϊﱾһֻǣ̶һطֻҪǸıһ꣬Ҷ˿ʼ˵ˣЩڳĹֻм˿ס
ˣˣֻ˵ˣʲôáµĶͷֺߣȥһҶˣʱˣпսЩ
Ҷ˽ӻ˵þǣҿԵݣǴ͵ķΧΪûд󣬼˺ֻܶ࣬ڽ봫ͣ£ٵķҪȫĵط
õĵطӦڶﴦܴ𣿡ʵ
аɣС㵽ǱߵŽӦǶվǰԲȦ֮СҶ˵˵֮䣬ѾͨССϵСǰ档
ʼˣ
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СˣҶ˽СŮӤƶһƺЩҪ칤Խơ
СŮӤ֪ЩֻǺ˷ܵ趯ţòҶ˱˷ܡ
СŮӤѽѽؽţְְ֡֡
и磬аְ֣һûôϡҶ˶Դ˺ǲˬ
ְ֡СŮӤһƾҶ˵ϣȻûʲôǸȴ˸оƺۣоҲܹ֡

ͬʱҶѾ˴һһʧ
Ҷˣ㲻һ𣿡
ȣҺѺҪһĲġҶ˵ʱֻϰԵ˵һʵҲǿߣֻʮϰ߶ѡ
ʱҲûȥƽ⣬߶һģȻԸҶ˵ġ
椣ţǿȥᣬҲȥˣһˣܿ죬;͵ʱ̡
Ҫһ𣡡˵ĻҲͣһ¡
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µʱֻǴˣԼûа취˵֪ģҪ˿ơ
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Ҳǵģ㵱ܽѵ㲻֮𣿡
һˣСȵְֵҪ·ġЦЦȻҪֱСŮӤֻǣСŮӤȴҶ˵ϣôҲԸ뿪
ǵģ֪Űְ֡ڿ֮󣬾֪СŮӤǱˣСŮӤӽӡ֮󣬵һۿľҶˣе˾Ҷˡ
ûµģңһһܵ÷ɿ졣Ҷν˵
õģͷȻһߵռ䴫ȦӣȦе㼷ˣȦӻܿգܹ˹ȥʾҶ˵Ҳ
󣬲һȦһСȦǸռڣҶǵеĿռ䴫ͣһʹá
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ˣͿʼ
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ҲûжԴ˾ʲôҲҶ˻ԭ
ţռ俪ʼŤһ˲һʧصĸоȻһ̾ͷԼͬʱǰˡ
ҶˣСģ

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Ϊûô췴Ӧֻû뵽ԷҪƺһ㣬ǾǶԷҲҪҸȫĵطΪҪըżĻҲҪԶԪġ
үô죬ɱȥ𣿡椿ջʵҧ˵
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Щˡ
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ɴʱҶһ˶Ժ˳ȥǶǵһʱȥǱ̲ʱսĻͻܳԿ
ֻǣȫԸ׼һʱȴ֣Էûһ׼ȷ˵ûһ˿ԽӽɴķΧ
ǱʶϵͳûͨʶˣͲͨɴķϵͳҲ޷ɴ
ĹʽҶû˽ֻͣǴ˵һ£ǿ˵һЩϢ˵ģЩϢȻͨǶһ޶ģظ
׼𣿡ʱջʵ˵Ҷ˵һθе£ҶˣԼһ߿϶䶨ˡ
ֻǣʲô취أҪǱҪԶԼߣۼߺҲûҶ˵ġ
ѵ𣿡Ҷڻص
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ûʲôǿ϶Ƕģܲһ߰ɡҶ˻ص
ΪʲôԣֻһʿҲʲôֻҪҽҾȥǱߣɳ˵ʱ򣬻ҲֻܸҶˣΪ˵ˣ϶ᱻջʵ۸ס
ͺˣΪʲôҽһģҶ㡣ֻǣ֮ģǾͿϲˡҶν˵
ѧʲôɳ˵ţŷɴ֪Ҷ˵һЩ˵Ū׵󷨡
£ʱ䲻ˡ
УһǲܸߣΪʲôǲһ۹ģΪʲôҪôĹҡҡҡͷʹӡ
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µĻ֮ͻȻ뵽һǻƵļƻƻʹƺҲǲܵġ
Ǻã߰ɣԺټ
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𣿡Թ֮󣬾ɢˡ
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ʲôͷʲô˼ѵҪԼŮҪЮңҶ˴ʵȻ˼ˣǾúܹ֡
֣ˣǾе֡
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ǲҪ£ˣյڲյĻʵۣջʵŭһȻҶˣ˵СҶˣգҪʲôҾܸʲô
ҲŲȥΪʲôҪգܸʲôֲҪҶν˵һҲûнŵ˼·һҲһ㡣
ѵ𣿡ջʵ۵ͳƺе㲻ͷӣ·ʱʲô顣
ܳʲô飿Ҷ˻Ǹӣһɵӡ
ΪŮҾͻôɴߣСڣջʵ
ΪỹѪٻὫǵţΪ˵õ£ԼŮҲɱҶ˵˵ţвָջʵۣڷһпľˡ
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һջʵ۳ɹˣһͳ£ֻҪҲһǧẈ̂ԼŮҪЮɱŮʷһۡ
ʱҲ˵˭˭ֻǽǶĲͬѣ
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ãҾɱջʵ˵ﻢ£ǲԸ⣬ҲҪԼľʿǰϡ
ջʵΧɱʱ򣬵Щĵʱ򣬵һЩ˵ĵʱ򣬲Ŀʱ鷢ˡ
飡
飡




ЩΧɱˣһ˲䱻ˣȴƺʲôûУ·ЩԼɳȥġ
ô£ΪʲôҿĶҿʵŻ屦
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Īһӵʱһ㲻֪ˣǻ̽ЩΧ˾Ǽˡ
һǱ˲ˣһΣĿˣһΣǿԿ϶ʲô屦᱾ӵпµʵ
⣬Ů˹ȻǱ̬ôʲôôǿ
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ܺãɣҶ˵ʲôҲãϲ
½µЩţܲ뿪
Ǽ飬ҪҵȥŮӣһ˵ģҲûһӺһھӪãĻᣡЦ˵

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£ߵģЦ˵۾֮У˵ˮ
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ټ˳ţôǣпҶǺȲ裬㣡Ҷ˵ĻصڿУɴѾҶǻȥ
ιźεĿҶ˵ķɴȥ

ҶˣʵжߣΪʲôҲе㿴͸ǲģҶ꿴űСŮӤҶˣڿϵᣬܾһܺгҲ֡
켶ģǸһ㣡似һҶ˻ػ
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һ̬ǸʱҾ˵ˣΣգǸʱҲǲֻҵĸо̫Σˣ˰ɡҵѡҲûģҶ˵

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ȥ

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㻹п̾취ˣû˵
ʲô취Ҳֻ·ġҶ˵

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ôҪ𣿡
ǳҪ
ͬһʱ̣жشҶ˵ʡ
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ܿס٣
ôĻɡҶ˻ػǻ׼Ӱɣɽڲûգ

˶ĬˣΪû־ĻͬʱҶ˵ʱ䣬Ȼ죬ôĹ֮£ܼ죬ʲôĸ
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߸ҡͷ˵дȸǱߴϢǸоպ˺ܶ࣬Ƿ֣ԭֻһЩСƣѾ֪١֮ǰĻһ룬ǸʲôҲˣյĻʵѾˣỹҪ裡
ߣʱߣ߸еһ顣
ڵصӣҶͻȻ򵥵˵ĸ֡

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ҪʲôҶ˿գʵ񲻴ȴУ˳еϿա
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ǵģ
ãҴӦǣҶ˵
Ҷˡ
ʮ
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Һһ𣡡ʱһ˵Ϊ뿪ҶˣͬʱҲΪҲҪΡ
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ҪһȥһΣһȥһȥʮ꣬ǲʧȥʮ꣬˲ģ߹ץҶˣץš

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ʲô취㲻ҪƭˣţŮ׶ӣҲһ޲ߣԵһ۹Ҷ˵֣ƽ˵ţƽ֮У˺µŭ
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ţ
Ǿ͵ţ
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϶ǣʲôÿģƭǣ

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ǾһΪյ߹˵

Ҳǵģ߹ߣѵ𣿻УǰյˣһŮʡ
ˣڿһȥ˰ɣǿ濴ϷҪæչһ·ţɲЩˣûԼŶ˳չһɳҵѧҶ˼ɳһʾԼĴڣ˳˵
ߣ˭ѧֻѧģû˵Ϊѧ
ҪʲôڿҶԸʱҶƺҪʲô飬ʲôС
㿴ž֪ˣҶЦЦȻˣ̤ŷɴϵıСɴһһˡ
ǸյĻʵڵĻͳһ£ҪҶУſе˵

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֮ǰ˵Уѵ
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ϣʵи飬Ҫ˵һ£֪֪ǺģصжԳΪĴƷء
Ҷ˵һĽһ޴ӣԪؽ϶ɵģӲޱȵģ
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Ȼ˵˾ò˼飬Ҷ˵ĻǾһжпܵġ
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Ҷ˵
ڴ˿̣ҲΪҶ˵ҷ·𶼾ãըֻ̫ģġ
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һ˲䣬󱬿ˣһıըͳڴҵǰһ̣Ҹо֮ƺҪˡ
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ǿҵıըһųҲըһ֣
ǵصĳĴŰֳҪ֪ķ籩Ҫǿٱһ˲䣬ԭۼϿյͧȫɢԼٶķɢȥ
ţЩͧĳ֮£ɱҪ׹Ľˣڳһ̣Ѿ
ҲǵֻӰķͧҲһܸܵõϵĳЩΧҶǵվӣȫɣɳԶԶء
һ̣ʵϲģѾɳȥˤˣ
⡭ֲ̫ˣ
ȥ֮˶ؿ棬ҪǾԲţ˾Ȼһ֮½ǿƵ۹ľٹ֮׻ٵôһ˲䡣
ͬʱҶǲǿĻҲᱻݻ٣˸еëȻ
ʲôֻÿΧŴҵӣɳʿտ
Ҷ˸ոչʾǾлص˭˵ʿʵأ
Ҷأ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻ֣ԭǸӣҲǿֲĳˣҶ˾ȻԼ֪ˡ
С쵰
һȺ켶ŮˣһٶȳҶ˸ոڵĵطټľ룬ǷΧѰҶ˵䡣
˿̣ҶǵľҲˣҶ˵ͬʱҲڴսܾȾ;ȡ
Ҷˣ
ܵܣ
ү
򡭡

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ǿԣ˻᲻ģֻʣЦ˵
ţ˵ҿ԰㴦λӻһ㣬Ҳһҵġ
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ҪҶʲôλӣ
ʵ۵λӣ½Ļʵۣ
飬Ψһúʵ˾ҶˣΪÿһ֧Ҷ˵ġ
ָǰĻҲǿԵģȴȻܻܶ࣬ǻս
ôսȸ밬ȷ棬ѾںһҪֿĻǾͱҪһ˾úЦ飬һû£ֿĻͻῪʼ֡
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Ҳ˵»û̫ƽǻս
Ψһİ취ǣ±Ϊһ۹͵ձȸ밬̲ˣھӦѡһʵȸĻʵðĻʵˡ
˺ܾã˺ܶˣ˲
˭˭ȥҲûʲô壬ʱǻᱬսֻԭأʱ˵
ʱͻȻҶˣҶһòƾûٷˣΪǶ֧Ҷˣ˵ˣҶ˵ĻҶһӵʲôûˡ
һĽҲ˴۾Ľ
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ϣꡭ

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ջʵҰģһҪһͳ£Ҳ
ǡ
м̫̫̫̫ɺϣһеĽҶ˵Ļʵۡ
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