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1 ϫ
Ͻ̳ǡ
ĺɫϦ
һϫ߽ӻꡣ
ӻֻ̳һ̣ͨģ󣬿һЩճķάһƷƷķҲӻ֮ʤϸˮǿ̳㡣
Ʒֽʡī֭ȱһɣƼ򵥣еŵȴǸӵĺܣӽ쿪ʼǱѧϰֽı𡢷ʵáԼī֭ĹɣȻʵˣٽƷ
ϫŷ֣߰˸۵ƷѧͽϰŴѵɱӻڻص
Ҹһµʱ䣬һ֮⣬ǾͻؼȥɡҪסҪΪһϸķʦѧΨһ;û˭ɹ
߰˸ͽĿг˷ܺͿԾԾԡ
ϫˡ
ŴŤͷϫЦд˸к
Ŵ壬ǽʮŻƷϫһǳɫ˹ȥ
Ŵڰ֣ȻˣȰҽ̽ЩСһǮ㣬ͰһʱԪʯļǮզ
˼Ƭ̣ϫͷã
ʮŻƷʮԪʯȴʱȥôĻǮȷˡ
ŴЦЦתȺķͽɫһ࣬ƷһΪ˸õţǵǰϫʾһһƷƷҲ˵˵Ʒ֮ʵ̳û˱ȳϫɫⷽҲ磬ҪúÿúѧǧĪʧᡣ
ˢ
߰˵ĿڳϫϣǵԷֻһɫ԰׵꣬ԼҲ˼ʱвɸһ˿ɣһŴ˵ô
ϫɫ䣬ûвΧյ΢ֱƷǰԵǳɫֽƽչ棬պīӺ¡
ͬ
ǼˣæΧ£
ִʣϫΪ֮һ䣬Ŀγڶߣʼãɳɳɳϸ컡ڷֽӶƴˮ泩Ȼ
ķͽ۾һգգضųϫ󡢷ʡԼǳɫֽϽ¶εķƣͷӿһĨ𾪡
ƷһƷƷֻķ֮һȻأҲͽ׵ķԭԱǴ˼ĳϫοأȻۿϫƷȻҲֻôȴ鶯к;׼ƿǵ˲㱻ˡ
ϫɫרעȻңûע⵽ΧĿı仯һƷһ״ֻ̬зֽһϸܵķߡ
ɫĳԾ֮ɫŴһЦ˵ЩˣԼÿһĿãͷҲ̲ס֮ɫ˵ڻϣϫȷѴﵽ˳ˮ׼
ʷ㡢׼һǳɫƷֽڳϫʻ£γһܾµͼ
һ֮

ֽȻһһһָ
ϫ·ʣɢ˼һ㣬ѵղ԰׼͸
ӻ֮ǰʮһƷŻƷԪѺĵ߰˰˲˵Ҳļ󣬴ʱŷװԪեɣᡣ
ͽȴûעЩϫһ˲ը˹
˱ʵٶȡȺ;׼ȿ˰
ۣϫǰһƷɹĳɹֻˣ
ԺһҪϫǰụֽ́ıʷһҲҪᣡ

Ȼʱһڵſͻأ
ߣһƷĻʲô˲𣬸ʱ䣬Ҳ̱һѻô̱£ʲôʱƷˮ׼ҲֻܻһЩ񡣡
ӻſڣ֪ʱһɵ꣬˫۱أһԽ۾ǲм֮ɫ
ԣе̾˲ʧӰ٣ԭȳ羴Ŀһ˿ɡ֮ɫ
ʱֻһƷ
ʸжð
̱£Ĵºš
ȵȣԭ
ķͽϫ˭Ŀ¶֮ɫ
̳ǣ̱֮ǵ֮ĵһɨǡ
죬ԭһĳϼ壬ȴһҹ֮䱻һȥֻʣүүסĸס
һʱүүԴΪʧ˷һһĿҲȰ̳ƽ
ʱĵܵܳ껳ĸѩ֪٣¼û䣬ܲƶһӢĹӸ˽ˡ
ʱĸ׳¾Ҷߣδ顣
ʱԭָΪ׵Ͻռңǲͥʮ֮ϣ̳˵棬˺ٻƮȻȥ
꣬ڳϫϵĵù飬һһһһ䶯̳ǱͲ󣬺ܿ죬ϫɨ֮˳һ㣬̳ǣ֪
ڳϫײЦɫĮ˭ûЦټһЩ֮ͽ̱ºţ̳ǡ
Ŵ壬
պܹ죬ϫܹܵ仰˵ЩĿгģϰ֮ԳŴͷɫƽת뿪
ߣ
ڳϫ뿪ãŴݺݵſһۣǳƺ裬
øҡ
ƺһҪ⣬ȴø߽ãæСܸ˹ȥأֹĪ˵˵̱µʵαôء
˸һ뿪һķͽ̲ס
ԭ̱£֪ͲˣѧϰƷҲ֪᲻մùˡ
ˣղ̱ƷʱҲСһ¡УҵøϽؼϴ衣
ưŵã˵̱ɨֻǳ¼ˣǿûйϵġ

ҹɫīǵ㡣
УϫĬĬɿָ߬ڷ׵ȭͷ˽ϵ첽ȥ
ٽʱ͵ؿһСӰǰǹ⣬ϡܱԼĵܵܳ껡
磬ˡֻʮĳվӣغһȻƺףæͷ
̧ͷϫǰдһ˿
񷸴ĺӣȴǾز̧ͷүүڵԷأȽȥɡ˵ţתҪݣȴϫӱһקס
ָ˴ˣ
ϫ̧껵°ͣŵܵСϵһ˺ۣüͷ΢΢һ
͵ϫ̧֣ͷʣҰ֣ɨǣһ⣬ҵȻҪǡ
ϫžǿĵܵܣСϵķŭ֮ɫͷӿһĨ޷ʹ


2 뿪
㷲ؿŸϫҳ
СչԼԷ˯Լȥ̳õԪʯҲԼϣȴûһԪʯ
֪翴ģʵĳãԼүү΢ǣΪʲô˶Цأ
̱£ɨǡ
һ뵽Щ񶾵Ĵºţбŭ𣬺޲ðЩЦ˵ͺݺ˺á
ߣֻҪ磬һǣ
߬ССȭͷа
ȻؼҳԷɡ
ϫӳĬѹһĳ껵ļƿƾɵķţ߽ڡ
磬㲻ˣ
һ£ϲеϣ磬ҵĶӶˡ

У谵͵ҡҷŻ谵ĹâխƵľݡ
һͷϡϵ˾ڷǰ壬һԻǵ͸һǰܵϢ
г裬Ҳ̳߳Ƶϧųһ屻ҲΪɼΪױϣһͨˡ
үү
ϫĬĬԣϵһ˺׷в̾һԼ̫ˣÿܶЩԪʯүү͵ܾܵͲܿˡ
ԷɳƵͳԹлҪ˵
ϫһͷš
ү˳ԷȤϫүүֻ԰׷һС̲˶ø˳껣Сһ֪ܾҲǰ״ֻͷԷظһµԣүү磬ǿһµͶǳԣٲЩ̲ˣ
Թ껹ɵʰ꣬һľ߳ݣҪҪץÿһӣԼøǿ
ڼˣŴӴ⴫Ļϵ¶һĨο
ǳ洫ܹʮأϸŴӺص
ǵʮءϫǸүү˵ʱɫɱʣǹɳľګϢԶı䡣
Ŷ
ͷÿɷȴӿһĨ
ǼȰֺޣԴӳϫ֮һج屻𣬳ϫĸҶߡϫ׺Զ롭
ΪɶǣԨռҾȻ̳˵棬˺֮ǰµĻԼó׶⣬ǹף޲ɱķʽԼ
ʱҲɣԼ紫һùͷɨǡܿ뷨ֻʣүˣټս˥ܣҲֻпϫƷǿάơ
仰˵ΪгϫڣЩ꣬һҲŲǵؤΪ飬껸ڳϫŬ£̳
뵽⣬ӿһůٵùСϫҲԼҲǳϵ⣡
Щ꣬ίˡ
̾ϢС껳Ժõģõģǽϰ䣬ȴƣûһ˿ãүүҡԲ㰡
ϫһѹĵæһǿѹҡͷС¶ЩȻӦ
ЦЦֵЩ
ϫͷĬȻ
ӱ͹ƧľګԴǣЩֳΧ˵ļЦʹԸĬжҲԸ˵һϻ
ԨǧڰºɽţͽҴСȥһԡ˼ãͻȻ˵
ϫ˵Ҳã뿪̳ǣС껵ĳɳ
̲סʵ㡭үүƫİɣ
ϫҡҡͷһжүүİš
ϸϸؿԼпЩʲôȻʧǣϫʼնǸģ˿һӲľͷ
ڲʧѣĬִּˣҲ֪Ǻǻ
һ̾ݡ

һ硣
ϫʱոˮϴһ߳ţܵܳ
ˢˢˢ
ľһ󼱴ٵƿ֮սԾն̡һ˿ϰ
СǺˮ۵üȴһƬᶨ֮ɫеľûһ˿ȶ졣
ϫĬĬƬ̣ûдŵܵܣҴ÷֮ûһƷǿٳӻ걼ȥ
̱ˣ
ԭΪģ˭֪ײˣ浹ù
ӻڣķͽϫ߽׷׶ܿһմù˵ӡ
Ŵ壬ȽһٿԪʯ֪ɲԣϫ˼Щ䳰ȷԼļһֱ̨ǰŴԼ
Ŵɻϫʲô˵ҿ԰æء
ϫӻƷ࣬ӲǮȴͻأҪһٿԪʯȻеɻ󣬴ܼĻͰСһһѡ
ϫŴеĹػ֮⣬һůҡͷû鷳ֻһ
ŴȻɴóһ˵ٶһЩ
㹻ˣлŴ壬һܿ컻ġ
һ൱һٿԪʯֻ߲͵֡ϫӹ֮󣬱ת뿪Ҵҡ
֣СΪһҵάƣѰǽڼ֮һǮô£
ŴųϫıӰʧڵ⣬ɻѡ

ãλ̳ķֵרһЩʿװģ̳Ҳ
ϫȥһ֮һڲһӾͻ˳ȥۣο֮ɫ
صʱѿҪٽ磬ʰңǰ˫Ҳ֪Щʲô
磬ˡһվСϾǻϲ֮ɫ
ϫ껵Դ˵һͳ
껵ͷɫȻ뿪磬һ뵽ȥԨ֮󣬾ٲܳ磬͸еѹ
ϫóһУݹȥģҪúŬ
ģ
סˣǾУһʱԼ۾
Сÿ˼ҵСŸʽҫʱͼΪۣȴӲӵСΪ֪ԼүҪŬάȥ£Ͳȥ
ԼҪ֮ʣȴԲظԼһβж
硭
껵еʣͷŬԼޣۿȴѷ졣
ϫĵܵܵļ򣺡չ˺үүҲҪչ˺Լ
ţ껺ݺݵͷ
ȥүүǳǡϫϺ¶һ˿΢Цת߽ڡ
һУһѷĳظС
ˣ
𳤽ԪӿطһһĨɭȻ֮ӿ
磬İɣҲʧģ
껿гᶨһҹ֮䳤ˣٲǴǰ¶ͯ

磬ڸ
⡣
һүʻ롣
ϫڳǽ֮ϣԶĳ


3 ج
ϫĬĬڻؼҵ·ϣ¡
үү͵ܵܵ뿪û̫˸У֪ԨǵǧϽ̳ڿĸѧ޷ǧȡ
ǧϵƣһϳ˸ָѧ֮һ
Щѧڳ֮УƸһЩ֪ʶԨ򣬽ڸָĻ֪ʶԴ׬ȡǮơ
ѧԵȺûƣ֮ǰɽūǸ̡СֻҪ㹻ԪʯͿԽѧѧϰ
ѧͬ廨ţĿĲֳͬɲͬѧ
̳ڿĸѧܡƷֲ޵ȵȡϫĵܵܳ껣֮ǰѧѧϰ
ѧҲԣڵ֪ʶǳԵĶѧø֪ʶǱš
ţдʿɽһŨɽ֮УͽΪ̡ʾѡι֮ͨͽĿˣԶЩôֵѧܹ⡣
ϫЩܵ˶ίΪԼͬĺӼΪСɨǣûԸӴһѶûУܹǧڣԳտϰĵܵܶԣһϲ£ҶɳҲ
ܵܽʮ꣬ʴϻۣԲ磬үүϤĵ£ʵޱȣͨǧڵĿˣӦ⡣
ٽſڣϫԶԶһСŮ°Լſڣͷ裬۾ģǿɰ
ϫ磬СأϲԵǹɾǵȲСŮϫһ·Сܹ˳˵
СŮ⣬ÿɰûиףĸװĸŮǰЩ̳ǵģϫھӣҹϵһ򼫺á
ȥԶʦѧˣ⼸¶
ϫСԴҲΪϲ⣬СѾͷȵܵС꣬ÿܴܵѧСѾͷ͸ƨƵĲųˣʱʱһЩǹָ껳ԣ˹ϵá
ΪҪǣĸװûϫһңҲӲѳϫɨǿݲκζΣóϫϧ
ԶԶѽԺʵ
ϫ룬˵ȥ˵ĵطͽԶⳤˣȥˡ
һͷɥһƲֵСģ
ϫοҪȥҼɡ
۾һðҪȥϫƷ

СѾͷһĨ΢Цڳϫǣת˲ţָֻǷľګģ
ǣཱུС֣ϫ߽˼š

Ϸһհ׵ǳɫֽһī֭һڵķʡ
ϫֱͦľǰɵԱСϣСϾǺ档
Ʒֽ۵һ֣ʵؼӲֲڣһ򵥵Ļϫһָһǳɫֽ͵
ѧݺݵͷϫ磬Ҽסˡ
ϫȻҡҡͷһָһī֭˵ī֭Ǵӳ¹ѪҺмȡģ¹н͵ȵ֮һѪҺƷī֭֮⣬ûһüֵרſӪ̼ңҲԸѱûʲôôݡ
ͷ֧أ
ǷʣҲ֣֮ƷʱƷϼѵķʹճķƲʻۼȳƣܹƷɹļʡ֧ʽͨķʣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
䣬ϫ͵زԼ˵ĻѰҪĶ࣬ѵΪүү͵ܵܵ뿪Լ⵱߶ô
뵽⣬ϫŤͷ⣬ȴСѾͷ֪ʱſ˯ˣǹһ˿ӨĿˮ
ϫûܵʱҲģһůСİⱧԼϸǺñ֮ľǰ
ûٵ鹦򣬳ϫʣպī֭ӱ
ɳɳɳպī֭ıʼڿհ׷ֽϻɫϸԱʶӿԵһ㣬Ĺ켣ǳɫƷֽϿӡ
Ʒʱĳϫרעڱ·ֽϣֱ̿ճǹұڰһ°ʯ϶кһ򰾢֦ʼնȫûŲֺ

֮ٿзʣһ־˵ƵڷֽϹĨǵûһ˿ɬ֮УʵϪˮһ㣬һЭɡ
һͼͬһ㣬ȻڷֽʱֽȻһȥָ糣
ҲûְһƷƷһ֮󣬳ϫٴһſհƷֽӺ£˷һʱ䡣
ǰϫүүóʣ޼ĻóϫȥһƷѧѧϰϫɹһƷ֮ƷүάƵΨһԴ
ϫֻһƷû취ѧѧϰķ֮ҲֻһƷҪѧϰƷ׵ķͱ뻨ѴǮӦ鼮̫ߣǳϫ޷ܵġ
ˣϫҲˡ
տʼƷʱÿֻһƷܹʮŷһԪʯҲʮ֮࣬ǰȫάү˵ƣһܹܵܳѧϰ
үү͵ܵǰϽֻʣһˣֻҪʡԼãò˶ãͿԪʯһƷ׵ķ鼮Ҳǲܡ
Ȼ֮ǰҪŴǷµһٿʯ
ʱţƻ谵ķϫӺרעУ˳һֻȻҵ״̬״̬£һհƷֽʱƣһͼķ

һѾˣϫСİѷʸī֮ϣųһü¶һƣ֮ɫݵԵò԰ס
ڵΪڵԪǿܹ֧ŵʮһƷҪ࣬ǾԪǡ
˵ףԳϫԣҪһ磬ȴǼ쳣
ʲҴġҲͨɫɱȣƫƫأľѾ꣬޽չ
ҲˣүүŻһϣתڳϣҲȥѧϰ
ѵΪԼ̫
ϫֹһεɹԼ񶨹ԼеȻʹʧ䣬ֻԼ˽⡣
ˣˣˣ
һỺ𣬰һö͵Ůϫڲң
ϫӳ˼ѣţһŮ⣬¾ΣȴϵԼϣĸװ硣
̣˯ˡϫ
˿ЦСһûɣͰؼҡ
ϫҡҡͷ
֪ӳĬԣ˵ЦЦݱ˯㼴뿪
Ȼ˲ãٴεܼƹĵһ㡣
ϫüͷһ壬ٴδţȴǰȥɫ
ʲôô
ڳϫɻ֮ʣѷɿе죡ȥһˣүүˣ
ʲô
үүˣ
ϫԴһˣ׻


4 
үү͵ܵܲ뿪ͳˣ
ܣ
ЩЩԼˣԼɨǵļһԼأȥүү͵ܵܣ
ѵǳˣ
ǵɱҳǧ˵ļһ
ǣôȥΪʲôذԼүնݳΪʲôҪȵ죿
ϫֻȫѪڣԴʹÿҪը
ͷҰޣƵĳңֵ⡣
үү͵ܵܣµģᡭ
ź
ҹ̳ǣ硣
ɫתͷ׹âĵƹеÿһƻͨһ̾У׳
ֵ֯£һȺˡ
һ᾵ͷȾѪգ͸
Աߣһʮһĺͯز۵ûᣬȴǻҰ׿նûľż
ʶѧĳ껣ͬѧ
ԭɨǵĵܵܰԱߵͷүүɣ
϶ˣ̳Ƕĳ峤ȴɱڳҰ֮У̾

۷׷ףȴԸԮȡΪһɨǵĵܵܣһɨǵүүǿɲԸմùˡ
ҸϽһߣɨˣ
һȻԣټȺȻÿһ·Ы
ǹĿУһӰ񷢷ƵسȻǳϫ
үү
ϰŵǸϤӰϫ׶Ͼϣʹģ岻
һүүʬԣľګûб仯ǶȴѪͨ죬ͷޡ
硭һΪɳƵͳϤ𣬳ϫͷһȴܵܳϫľżƵĿԼۿն
˭
˭ģ
ϫͷʹָ࣬Ѫˮ磬ȴȻ
һ̣лѹֵķߺޣұŷһӿȫ
úޣԼ̫ܣԼΧĳЦȴȥı䡭
죡
ҪͷͳͷһˣΪβŹҳϼ塢ҵĸĸҵүү
Ϊʲô
ϫڷʧء
飡
Ҳֲסر۾εڳϫС
ϫŻеĵܵܣϵƣ͵ش޾ŭоѹүүѾˣǧõܵܳˡ
ŵܵܣүүʬ壬ǵ߽ţڻؼҵ·ϡ
ɨˣ¿ɺˣʱֿ꣬үүȻùŰù͸
С㣬СӲˣɨǣСմùˣСҲˣ
У˵ң㲻Ҳɨǣ
ߣ㡣
װɣ˵һﻹţɨʲôʱܵܿأ

һ·ǰУ˵ҹ磬ƮϫĶ䣬һ룬С
Թţ鱥Ĵʯʹڹ裬վɡ
ľ
һԶסһ̡
һգؽ̤ݣƶˣǺӣ߸ϣ
ǡ
͵ųЦԼɡ

⣬࣬˿ߡ
үүϢ
һķͷǰϫվӣ˵ƽƽȴ͸һִϵζ
ϫѾڷǰˣԲȣ紵ɹҲ޶ԣɫ԰㲵˼¡
ϫָ糣һԵİ簵˿˵ȻؼҰɣҹӻ˯ѹˡ
ϫͷӦ
̣ллˡ
쵽ſʱϫסŲɫ֣صл죬һֱڼҰտܵܣԼһ㣬Ϊж
˶ֻ֪ԼʱһȴĬĬΪԼۣˣϫһǸж
û뵽ϫ֣صԼлЦֻҪúûţһñ˭ҪãǶõлˡ
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ԼıӰʧϫͷɵӿһĨůһüࡣ
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ϫǰΰѵܵУַ˲ҪֻҪţϣ
ҹϫүүϮҲһֵֻĴۣұϣѰ׹ǵҩҲ޼¡
ϫΪʧȥִܵܵʹ྿ж󣬵ܵ׳հºԸ־һԼĽ֮·ֲڣڳ˵ܼܵضΣʹ֪
磬Ѿˣֽ
ֱͦտտ˷ԡһ㣬ᶨʧȥҲһ£һֻ֣һѽܹҸרערһ
ϫŷ·һҹĵܵܣͫ»ļᶨ֮ɫһʱĳԽããã
һ֣Ѱѳϫͷϲñĺ졣

ҺүүϿ⵽ģˣүүǰ˵ǽϸΪ
Թϫʼѯүү͵ܵܳǺ飬Ҫɱүү־˭
̸ܵϸʿϫͷͻȻһ
һ;졢졢ϸͥǽ𵤡ڤˡԼƽٵɡ
أԪͨ磬Ԫһӡ˾磬ǿ׳Ѫ糱ٲ
أأĶԣԪһꡣ˾磬ϴʷ̥飬Ȼ̤ߣ޼
ϸ֮֮ڵڿϸÿһ㣬ϸڱһԪǳ飬ϸԲ
˾ֱǳ֮˾磬Ԫ꣬ųƵϵ춨޵̤֮;
ݳϫ֪ǿߣҪϸһټ̳ǣϸʿǿߡɱүү֣Ȼϸʿϫͷ֮𾪾Ϳ֪
ؾ磬⻹үү׶Ϥָ㡣
뵱꣬һ̳ǿʢ֮Ĵ壬Ϊ峤ϸʿȻΪϣһȴʧ³ϫͨгϸĴڣ쾳ڻ¡
Ҫϸʿȴϣã֮ϾΪ꣬Ƿٽһ˵
ˣһ¼˵һλ͵һԴͻȻӻһɫķݸϫ
һָн磬ʿʱΪŰݷõҲԼڼһʾ
ǳϫܵˣõģȴ뾹˴óһ뵽һпɱүүֵϫͷһ󼤶
ԪעУطɫ⡣
ӽҪǻ̳ǣҪ˵ĳЦʹţֱԼԼ
޵һǳǣͰץ¹ϵӺԨλ£ҵɱ⣡
һڰĶţƮ
ž
һĨ̳ɢ١
ϫɫһƬ


5 ׹
еġӡ˭
Ϊһ£ҪԼһұ
Ԩλ˭
ϫӷ˼͸¶Ϣ̫ɬȴмѭֻҵһ㣬һб㽫ӭж⣡
ԨǣԼйصƺֻС
ռң
ԣ϶Ԩռң
ϫԺһ͵뵽һܡ
үү˵ԼʱĸѩԨռҼ»Լ̶ʮɳϫӭȢռҼ֮ŮȻųһ屻ĸײ֪٣ԼʱԨռǲʮ֣̳ͥ˵棬˺ݻԼ
ܹӰ쵽̳ǣʹϸʿɱүү͵ܵܣԨռ߱ʵ
ԣ϶
Խ룬ϫ˼·ԽȷԼƲ˾Ųʮ
ǸӡݣҲܺýͣΪֹԼ͵ܵӳ̳ǣϧ̳Ⲽ޵˴ֱʣҲֻ̳ڵĳ
ôĿģ϶Ϊλӡ£˵Ϊ˸ԨռĹؼڣѻԼ͵ܵܵ
뵽⣬ϫֻ䣬׹ߣ˺ٻԼѾˣȻҪԼһһö񶾵ֶΣĳ
ϫһŬԼ侲ʼ˼ӡ̳ǵĸ
ϽǴϱߵĽϰﷶΧڶ̳࣬ǽϽһ۵СռֻﷶΧ
ټ̳ŰɽѵĸءɽˮĴڣԣ̳̾ǵĴ޼
ݳϫ֪̳ǣɽϼ塢ѧѿء
Ǵפ̳ǵľά̳ΪΣȻ⡣
ѧһ̳ӵ֮أͽѧвϸʿѧӲ¼Ϊ͵
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ϫĿ⣬ϼ塣
У˵һΪ޵ģϼɣڳһûи֮ǰұͷݡ
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ӵ̳Ⲽ޵ʵָԼһгǸӡӦþҵˣ
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ϫĵܵܵļɫƽҲŬǿԺٲܰί
껺ݺݵͷ磬ΪүүΪǳ¼ңһŬ
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Ʒ׬ȡԪʯ֮⣬ϫʱȫϣΪ꣬ȴ٣񷢷Ƶ޿ʳ˷һʱ䡣
ˮʯֻм˲ܿϣ
ϫĬľګִƫִӣģҲġ
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УҹĻ£ܿˮСӰŬ
껵ʱͼãֱүүúʵޱȣֻȥʮ죬ѾȫϤýΪרһĽ֮һ¥
Ϊֵһǣڿ޵ĵڰ죬һͻƺԲ磬ɹ쾳磡
ٶ֮죬ò˶ãϫҲǲܡ
ϫԴȻϲ֣ͬʱеһεѹܵܽ죬Լأʲôʱͻؾ磿
ȻǰϫȴбջЩƾƷ׬Ԫʯѳ׻ǷŴһٿԪʯһʣ࣬ࡣ
㣬ÿƷ׬ȡԪʯȥճÿʡĿԪʯԭ㹻ԪʯȥһڶƷ鼮Ϊ˸磬ǰԪʯ
ڹӵĳϫԣԪʯֱһݳޣϾЩΪάƣÿһԪʯɶǽʾ֭ȥϸ㣬޲ðԪʯá
Ϊ磬ѿǲôࡣ
ϫڵԪֻ֧һʮŷ׬ȡʮԪʯһԪǣȫķ׬ȡԪʯ
ԣ磬ǵ֮
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˴㣬ϫÿʣĿԪʯָܵһ룬Լһ룬
ȻϫǣʮȥˣԪʯڵԪȴһ˿
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ʮأǳϼҴϫϰʮأӵΪ۳Ƭɫƶ䣬Ư֮ڣȡ˿˿Ԫ
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֮󣬴Ԫ棬ϫչ˯͵һϸ΢СžҹУȴԵüΪ
ѰȥܿĿعŵһ鳤ʱĸѩģԢѣƽ
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ھһ׹
ϫֻԴе㲻ˣ׹ԼĪ۴СԲ͸޹⣬һƷʾѵĺ顣
ѵĸԼˣΪҪԼĳڣ
ˣ
ڳϫɻ֮ʣһϪʵȪˮöһĨ۵İ׹ش׹漤
Ƭ֮׹Ʈ׹⣬䣬׹תƮɢƻá
ϫоԼУ֪֮ʣǰ׹ͻȻҷأһɹӰɵİŮӣƾճ֣
ŮӰƮƮüĿ续ţ۾峺͸һ鶯Ƥ
ϫͷ͵طһ˿İϤĸоеһ˿Υ׺ͣɸе棬Ů˭Լ΢ĸо
ӣĸּ
Ů˫ָƤسϫգգ۾ЦڣöȪˮ죬졣
ԣϫͫȻȻŰŮӣһĲ֮ɫûǸȵȻģ
Լĸѩ


6 
ϫˣһƬհס
ǰšƤõŮˣȻ˵Լĸף
ϫĳӿе޴룬Ҳκδʻܾ׼ݴʱ顣
ʱĸѩ㲻֪٣Ժиûһ˿йĸ׵ӡټױһЩĸײõүүǶԴ±̸ܶٿ˽ĸ׵ĹȥҲòݸС
ǵģС
ΪԼĸ紫Լ¼ңסԼ͵ܵܣһṫӸ˽ˡ
һʵˣƲסԼ׷
Щֹ꣬һεĸףȻǿԼĸףеʹᣬ޷ġ
ӣòǲǺܾȣܽܲˣ
ŮЦգ۾ңҲ϶ܲˣ˭פأ
ҵʱ䲻ˡŮӶ˶٣Цݣ˵ˣĻһҪμУĸӿ֮ա
ԣϫһ𣬴ӷҵ˼ѹ
Ů¶׷֮ɫݱòû˸ղŵĻõƤеֻǷŭΡɬԹޡһ㡣
˵Ǳ˾ץߵģǲͬҼ޸ΪңҲΪάϵǲϧٵһ壬ΪĨȥݳ衣
ԭĸײǸ˽ģǱ˾˴ߵġ
ϫѵ˼ʮ鲻һɣȻߵһλȴϲݺݵԨ
Ȼĸڵϼ壬ٵҳһ壿
ϫ٣ؿѹʯ֮£ǰһڲʹȥ
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ӣɣҲΪѸ϶ϾϵǸӦеĴۣƫƫȴϷŹ
ѩԽԽͣԽԽأԭܼ򵥣һʱõһ˲õı
һָǰ׹ת׹ﷺ޾ʹͺ⡣
ϫ̧ͷȥĿ͡˿˼ľŽһ˿ǣѩ˵
˵ͼ𣿻ĹʱΪصһƾĹħԼĵ;ƿش壬Ƕ֮¡Ҳˣͼÿһγ֣޲ȷѪ꣬綯ͨɱᣬĩհĳ붼˲
ҺãͼڻĹʱս֮󣬱ʧȺħ裬սĿֲҲûݣֱգа֮ãʱĹе伮Ͳ֪ͼ֡
ѩͳһ˿׷渵
ȻڳϫУȴһιƾõĴ˵ͷһ˿ǰ飬̫ңԶˣңԶһ˿˽Ȥ
ֻ֪ͼһһ˷ɱı
ǰ׹Уźͼһر̺źͼһ˿ӡСһ˿ӡӵȫѰٵͼĲ֮ﱻץߺǳ¼һ屻ĸԭ򣬱Ϊ׹
ѩһλȴһöذըһ㣬װѳϫס۾׹⺧Ȼ
˵֮ǰѺͼһԶĹô˿ͻȻ֣ԼȻҲͼմȾһ˿ˣ
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ܹµľӡ쾳磬Ѿܹ׹úŬ
ŮӵӰ񽥽ðģһ̱Ҫ֧飬ҲüӣһҪסûбǿ֮ǰǧҪ׹κˣܵܣٵǳ¼еϣ
õİΣֻҪʵﵽɾ磬ȻͿ
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ڰ֮УϫֻԼһΣĵأƲݵǰŵһ׹ȴⲻΣġ
ĬĬںڰУ֮촽΢΢ૣİɣĸףһҵģ

ϫû˯⣬ˮϴϴӻָ֮󣬰ĿͶǰ׹
ղŵһУѾףԼ֮أ׹
ϢؼȡԼԪֱգﵽͣŻĸµľӡӶԼĸ׵ӰҲ֪Լ֮ǰһֱɻ󲻽顣
ϫܣףԼͲɨǣԼҲΪҪǣ֪ĸ׻ţֻҪԼǿͿҵĸף
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ֻҪҲһտԿϸͥǽ𵤡ڤˡٶɵɣɽ磬ɣ
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ϫһĿᶨ⡣
׹ھȻһĹħõĶͼرҲУҲ֪߾кĸ˵׹ķӡѾ쾳ΪѾܹɸҲ֪Ǽ١
ϫĸѩĻԥƬ̣ȻҧֳһԪע׹֮ڡ
һĨ͵Ĺ⻪׹ӿ⻪ת۳һĺڶ
ͬʱһĪɵӺڶӿ⧲֮£ϫ˱ڶ֮С
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ڶѣʧ
ٴڰ֮Уָֻȴ˳ϫӰ

ϫһƵĿռ䣬ͷҡҷ֮ϣһȺөٵƮ£ƻá
£һƬ̵ĲݵأԶ޾ͷ
һҹշ֮£өǹ⣬Ұ֮ϣԵ翡
ѵλĹħõĶ
ϫȴûзκοɳƵ϶Ľɻ֮࣬ɰ衣
δ֪ǿ־ĸԴͷˣϫҺ߶ʮ־СĽ䱸ܡ
ãϫ˫ѾᣬΧɾһƬϢƳ֮⣬ûκ顣
ѵͲڣ
ϫڲݴϣŲҡҷתĵ㷱ǣ˼⡣
ԣ
ƬռвǶЩǳҲһתݣǳôȥģ
ʶ㣬ϫǳϸ۲
ĻſǳУתĹ켣ǧٹ֣ͬٶҲпǻһĹ켣ХѶȥ
ͨˣֻһĻۻңϫȴѽԡ
ǧǳΪʼ⣬ԲҹĻΪֽ֮£ʵȻ򣬲֤ǳԵתУల£ãԡ
ԵĳϫȻûвͷǳƮµĵǹ⣬۳һ


7 خ
ϫһĸоС
һУںδֻǳѭݵĹ켣Щ켣̸죬ϸͬ۲ơֱǹΪԲٲȻͬʻķơ
ϫ·𿴵һֻδ֣ԲΪֽǳΪʡԳƷַڹĪ·ߣԡ
̲ס뾪̾ȴҲκδʻݣҪμеĹ켣ȴЩ켣мѭƫƫȴ޴֡ǣپڴˣҲôֻ࣬ǴȥĦȥͣͷ͸顣
ˣ
һ˿ĵСɵ͵ߣ쳹֮䡣
ǳµâһ𣬻һĻͷų޾⣬ϯ֮ϣЮǳع黭
ಣ
£̶ۿɼٶȻһĨ⣬ȥȻǳϫ֮ء
ϫͷ͵һ˿£ʱǹɻȻҵ״̬ѹȻӦֻԴ˵һһ̣ʶƾոһ޴󣬳¡׷ء֮У߿գտȻǳ
޴¹棬ȴ޲ɢһ˿˿Ϣ˲㱻
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ϫԾؿǰһĻзɿ˼ţԼղڹĦǳת֮켣ʶԵ޹ʵط˱仯
ˣڵܹ̳²ͽܣ
һɳƵȻըڶϣϫһٹ˲˼Ȼ۾ܾʱٴδһ
׺ǳҹղˣһ۱̲ݵϣȻһƺƵĴӣιˮĽǰһͷڴ룬һֱĹ¾ɽ壬ͨڣݲ
ͻȻһƥͷǵĹӴ˳ʨͷ̤ƣͨ帲ŷīڵƬ˫峺ȴ͸һɶĲɣС
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ֻ鼮мй˵ǻĹʱ֮һܹУǻͨ飬ħݺĻĹʱڣҲ˸룬ʵֲ֮ɼһߡ
˿̣һͷĹ͵سǰѱĥļʯϫԾɸеһĪĽš
þ֣˶֮飬˴Ϊخٶһֱ˿ɳƵٴȴǴͷĹд
ԭмخϫ˿͵ʶǰͷﾹȻѴ˰֮ã˵Ҳϰꣿ
ϫǰǰλĹħ֮𣿡ϫʵԷһͷҲܹġ
ȷҼ֮ءخǰ´˳ϫһɵ쾳磿ʵ֮ܵõ˵ĴУ
ϫȻʲôУ
خȴǲ˼ãͻȻڵСޣԷʿ
ԷϫһͷˮҡͷҽֻһЩˡ
خȴһȻӣ̾ϢȻˣ˱ѡ̳²Ҳ֮С
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خĿضųϫ˵ʶУӵҼµһ˿ӡѵ㲻֪
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خһҡͷ̾Ϣȷʲô֪
ϫڨڨǰܹ֮
خĬãŻ˵ǰҼ뿪ʱ涨ǳؾĿУܹõӡߣʸ̳²㣬ЩΨһһˡ仰˵Ѿӵ˳Ϊͽܵʸ񡣡
ϫȻղԼ񷣬¾ǳؾ֮ˣҲһֿ飿ԼֻǹĦһǳѭ֮켣õ˶˵ӡǲ̫һ㣿
ǿƳϫ˼خߵ֪жǿҪõҼ˵ӡ
ҿ׼ȷ㣬ǧŰٰʮˣЩǿߡڤˡƽٵɣɵľǿҲΪ͵Ҳǽ𵤾磬ڣ㻹ü𣿡
ϫڣخȻ̧ͷԷ֮ĸǳؾԲѱɱ
ϫȻһȻɱ
خͷǳؾ˫һʱڴǳؾУضУɢ
˵⣬خԴпܹ붴֮ˣ޲ʵĵǿߣȻǳؾ֮УԾһ룬ֻһС˳ɹǳؾ߳Щ˸һǳؾµһЩУϧ֮ǰȴûܹµӡȻҲԵӵгΪ˵ӵʸ񡣡
ϫɻЩأȥ
خȻģԭǳؾĵ㹻һǣ֮ȴԾִԲͼõ˴Уǿ壬Ծ³
˵⣬خ泯ӣָŴĹ¾ɽ˵Ǳ壬ʮ֮أֻ֮ͨأܻµȫСЩǿԵ֮ˣǰ֮أҪʮǰһλɣΪ۷ĵزҲֻߵʮ֮أ㼴
ϫһľŴĹ¾ɽ壬̲סʵҪõȫУǲҲҪͨʮ֮أ
ǵȻǲͬѾ˵ӡ֮ͨʱֻˣΣաخڴ
ϫ˿Ҳɲģλɶɥڵʮ֮أؾΪһ֮ض
خѵȻ֮ǣһȰĪҪأΪϾ̫ˣһΪġЦ㣬ڻĹʱڣļһֻȸճӤǿһЩ
ֻӤǿһЩ
ϫвһ뵽ǰһλϰĹҲֻðݲĵףʵǰʲôʱܹһ֮أ
خһɻңдأ
ϫԥҪǿүүҳһ屨𣬻ҪΪĸ
خȻ˼Ƭ̺󣬻˵ѵõ˵ӡֻҪ⣬һձضԸޱȣΪҲǵ͵ĿҪɾ磬Ҫߺܾð
ϫĿᶨƽ۶ѣԶҲ
خɣһ˿֮ɫͷ­һ̧壬Ȼ˵ǰΨһһµӡ֮ˣֻҪڼ˵ҲɾɣߵøԶҲ֮е顣뵱꣬˿ƿشˡ
Ȼֹخʶʲô첻ԡ
ϫȴûע⵽Щֻ˼ʶ𶴸µӡкΰܰԼǿ
Уĸ˵ĺͼرַڶĸط


8 
µһӡΪ̺˶壬ʱʱᣬܹǿڸΪҪӵһӡ巨¾֮
δȳϫʣخѿ˼˵ڻĹʱڣ˽ΪҼ˹ۺͼѭ֮壬Ŷ۷֮ȴ֪ҼڹĦͼ֮ǰʥ֮һ֮Կٵͳɾ֮ҵ
ϧ뿪̫æһ¾֮
˵գخɫĬȻƳ޾׷֮УȻ
ϫĬĬ׽żخԴ͸¶ϢĳҲ˵òʵǰ˵˴ڲһͼر֪Ǽ٣
خһĿֱضųϫŹֱֵ㻹ôһӡ˹ۺͼ֮£̻һ˿ͼУѻӡ㼴ڻһ˿ͼУرʲô
ϫȻԭͼرԶﴫ˵ĺͼо̲ڶ˵ӡ֮С
ҺãԼײӵ˵պԼƾ˻ĺͼأ
ˣܹ֪ģͳͳˣ㻹ʲôôخ˻ͷԴ̬ΪƣȻѳϫʸ̳²ĵӿ
ҡϫ죬ȴֻ̫ɻҪʣһʱ֪ĸΪá
خ̲סָʵǸҾã㲻¾֮Ϊϸ磬ٴνʱӦܹһ֮أõӦĽ飬档
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ϫæеղ˵ͨһ֮أõӦĽ֪кν
خҡͷֻǶ֮飬֪Щҵ֪㴳һ֮أڶ죬Žȥһ죬Ϊ
ʱã
ϫһͷ쳣ֶμ찡
ɣڶ죬Źȥһ죬ԼǱȱ˶죿ǡ
ϫԽ룬ԽǿܣЩԼܲסݾϲؾ磬̳ڣĻ֪ϻֶΣܲʱ䣿
ܴڶ֮أϾ죬ֵһ졣أӳʮһ죬˵ӣʮ˹أڴΪԣ˵صʱǾ̡
خǻȻûע⵽ϫ˼׳ʣ٩٩̸ȱ̫磬һ֮ؿɲô׾ʹģΪȥҲûʲô𡣻ǰ˼ԼΪϣ޿ҪҪ顣
ϫܿ侲ǰһ֮أҪΪϸ磬ôڶأָҪεȵΪԺĵءءֱʮأ㴳ģ
иŻлرԼŬޣֻŽôܳΪһǿߣ
ħԼֻͶȡɣһ̤;Ŀܣ
ˣϫ״ĪĿѹ亹죬̧ͷخʱȴͷĶ֮飬һԱɣ䣵ضԼ͸Լе뷨̲ס֮ɫ
˵γᶨͷϫĪҪ˵
خ͵̤ƶһȣ¡¡ը֮䡣ͷҡҡһָϫһĨϼٿȻϫʧ
ϫֻǰһڣһ̣ѳԼķС
ĸԣȻģҲõ˶֮ͬöµһӡǼӵõһ˿ͼУֻҪڼһԱøǿ
ŷϤһУϫ̲ס˿
룬ٴʶɢŹӺϢķͷٴηһ̾
ۺͼѭ̶֮ٴ۷壬ĪλǰзˣΪִﵽһ
ĬĬעãϫֳƯǰһĨϼץȥϼǶ֮鼾خǰԼʶڵģӦþǲµ巨š¾֮

ָ⸦һӴϼʱǳϸȥǵǳȻһƴСĹ׭ֹɣȻƳ飬ѷ裬Ȥ

ʶͻȻһᵭƮһ֣ȴ͸һɸƿϢ˲Ľ֮⡣
ȳϫԴǷƮҡһȻгУ۳һҳƪ£͸⣡
ϫ̧ȥֻԺ˵һ죬һĪַˮӿԺ֮ɢӡ
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ΪҪǣٲֻҪ֮·̳ȫԵõһĹֲҩֲ򡢻޵ĻʦζȵʦԼһЩƷȹ̵ѧͽǴλ붼ҪȿҪǿ̫ˡ
ϫ̳ǵƶܹ䵱͹֮ˣЩ޵Ϊˣûпǹ·
ȻĿˡ¾֮֮󣬳ϫ׸ıԼ뷨
ɣǶ֮鼾خ˷ǰƾ֮Ѵﵽٵͳ֮ҵĵزϫƲޣ
Խ𣬳Ʒ¾֮ɹԼõʱֻҪԼǿЩֵõġ
ϫĬĬ˼ﻮ͵һ飬ݼخǰ˵ʱʱ𶴸µӡܹǿΪҪﵽĳ̶ֳȣеĺͼУ̶Ѱٵĺͼ֮ء
뵽⣬ϫҡҡͷǰۺͼΪʵѴﵽ˿ֲ֮ĵزԼΪŽֻ쾳磬´ʱԼҵõͼҲʲôŵк档Լ֮ʵΪؽ
ͨһУϫֻɾɫɷٲԸڴϴţҴϴѵܵȴû˵ܵܵӰ΢΢һô磬ܵȥˣ
߳ţԺûгӰϫͷɻԴӵֱܵܵϣٳţÿγǰҲܻԼкôˣ
ʱһ·СܽԺӣϫæС֣еϫ磬˴ˣϿȥɣ
ϫͷһʵ⣬ģ
ɴǽѧ֪ͨģѾȥء


9 ѧ
̶ǻ徲Ȼռеķ֮һֱѧССѧУ಻ʤ
ǽѧ֮һ
ڶѧ֮УǽѧҲѧѧλӵ
̳иĸУΪԼѡѧʱѧȻǵһѡͽ̣ÿֻȼ˶ܽ롣
ѧֻʾѵŮѧҲþֹ
ֻѧƣֻ轻һʲƵԪʯɽѧϰǰѧУѧ֮࣬ѧɡ
ǽѧ⡣
ɫ࣬첻ԡ
ڶ棬һ꣬ԼĪʮ꣬ףȴ͸һɵ֮ɫ
ǳ껲ԣҽҩȫˣϣܼһ棬ĹһΡһԣڸһ꽻棬ɫǸȻ
ɫԵشŰ磬βҡͷôУҼү峤۰ӣܹ裿ҽҩɲҪҲҪСӸصĴۣߣ۸ӵܣô
ǿЦ˼ǣ
ܼ°ͣЦеҲǶ˵𣿲ŹСҲԣֻҪظҼүͷϴóٿԪʯ⳥¾ʹһʹô
ǿͷŭ𣬵ܼң㿴Σó껵Ǹܲܲ¹򣿡
ܼҹЦ漴һЦݣм޿ܣ
һĪչɫһ˿񾲵ʡ
̣ϻôʲôǱѧҲˣ
ݽҧѹüᣬҲȥվһָǻ꣬´μ㣬һ㣬ûĶ˾Ұ֣㻹ϼˣ߯Ӷˣ̣߰ɡ˵գŰ֣תߡ
Ȼŭең㡭ܼ㻹ʲôûô쵰
ģǿϣҸù㣡
ܼұаڣŭѣһΣڳ껶ǰλûأߣ
Ȼ壬мҺܣѧѾˣҲˡôոĹ涨֮ĶԹ㼴һʹô˿ֻҪҶ˵ҺͰ̣һڵġ
ܼЦһëûСޣ˵ôĿԹһʹҾ֪Ҫκڰ˵ţ˫һչȻһ䣬һһԲϱֵģ
ܼңСӾͻӲһԴУﾡԹ˷֮ɫ
ɫƽ쳣ܼ򵥣һѧϼûаѸľСһҪȥߴ󽫾ϼսȨ̳ǣսھͰɱ𣿡
ܼɫһͣɫ粻껵ĻȷҪ֮Գٳٲ֣ǹ˼ɴ˵㡣
ͳ̳ǣŴ־ֹڳսһ֣ϳΪūۣ˵һССܼңϼ峤ҲԽ׳һ
ѧʵȲϼ壬丮ȴ̳սеϸǾǿߣҲϼܹǵġ
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ܾ棬ų侲Сʵ󲻳˵Ļ
ܼңһסƽ仧ɨǣѧҵ棬ȻѡԹۣ㻹ԥʲô
ܼɲ̲סһԽУ³飬ǻ𣿡
ѽλСڰҿţ¼Լ
ܼүģСӵ˫ȣĳԼ֮
԰գܼҺȻ֣˫ԪӿһԷӥצ껺ݺץȥ
Ѳܼ䣬һƿ磬ͬʱӿһܹӭצ
ɨ棬εóۣвɺȻϹĪϸʿ
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껶㿪Լһץܼ΢΢һ漴һȫԪĵһԿ˫Ϸںڹһɾ˵Ϣɢ
ˢ
ܼӰһΣȰڳǰ˫紩Ӱ˲·
껱޿ɱܣǰ̤һȻӰȭڷӿԪݺݳܼȥһܾ˵ƴģ
Ҳǳ֮٣ͻ쾳磬ǳԶܼҵĶֻ֣ƴһ˿
ȻϣܼҸԸܾˣΪȭݺݳ껹ȭͷײȥ
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ȭȭײһ׵ɢԪŰ
껵ŵŵʮಽ۵³һѪС˲ò԰ֽȻˡ
С껣
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ӲӲһȭܼ֮ȴ˿δмؿų껣ֻһؾѣҲҸҶԹԵҷȰɣ
䣬һΣٴγڳߣȷһĸֱޣһľ磬ݺݳ껵˫ɨȥ
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껶͵һϤ֮δӦѱ˱ڻУٳԶȥ
磡
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ҡڵġһö𣬳̧һȴſڸ米ϣ¶һԴɬա

˼Ƥ°˾ˣܼңҵʲôã
Ӧʱû˳껺ͰӰһǻŭϤйܼͷϣѡ
ţĬĬӣŵϱ׶Ŀ૵ȻһƷ׶ʵȻ쾳硣˵ץסᣬֵʱ׼ܳҵȾ֮ЯܣļƺҲƵһˡһòǸɨǰɣ
ܼһȻԼŭݺݵУܼʹˣȥߵ㲻˽ԷߵˣѿңүҸ⣡
ܼվӣޱүôҲֻҪЩɵĻͳͳˡ
һ㶣ɫ粻ܼң㡭˵ʲô
ܼ֣ү߰ɣԺǧĪҪ£ѱЩĻᴫСǳ껣ԺʰǣΪأ
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ܼĲмһЦдүǧ֮һʵҲᱻ۸ͷˡ
үܼԺɸһ߰Ӱûɵأͷһɺ⣬˸
үܵܵģƹض֪˴£³¼СӾ͸ˡ


10 ս
صңϫ˿
ղŵսֻһɲǣȴķѼ
սԴǰѧϰƷϾսҲΪԼĳǾóƷԸָֻơ
Ͼһսս㡢ˡԼߵ·ߣò˼ãֱȷÿһڲȻ֡
Һһжһ㣬ûгֲҲףʱһݾ׼սԣҲܶжҪá
ϫǻһ׷ô죿ü΢ǵ
֮ǰȥһ˽ϫƽ
Ȼǲ˵棬ǲִµģ
һԵĳȴǷӦЦ̣֮ǰҰº󼴱㱻֪棬ȻԼװ֪ȻʱѱҸͱȥͲټװȥΪܺ½ԸΪǳͷΪά̳еҲòܴ¡һҲҪӦеĴۣ
Ҫ֪ǴŴ־ǾԲȨģԣǴĻ;Բʱ֡
Ҳ׹ǰֵˣһʱޱȡ
ĻȺŲߣܻܵȺǳһ廹ڣֵ֮ӣ
ϧһжˣǿӡ
뵽⣬סһ˸С
ΣϫͻȻ
վͻָˡЦЦʵ磬ϹʵӦԲ磬ղģ
ϫ䲻ѣսҲ֡
׷ʵ䲻⣿ҸղûģͻȻͳˣʲô
ҲģڸղŵսУͬûϫֻһᣬ㱻ϫڱϡ
ܼ򵥡ϫһǸտʼսʱһ͵ϮܼңõǱ׶
ȻⶼЩһƷ
ϫͷص㲻ǷǶսİա
һͷˮȴǻȻЦϹǵһΧǵڶͻϮʧǵЩ󣬵ȷܶ顣ǰǱڳǰѾƵЩķܴﵽԼĿġ
˵⣬̧ͷһ磬ЩԤ֮𣿡
ϫܶ˵վСһٶܼӵϸΪκμıʧȥá
ЦȻھԵʵǰһı顣ϸʿǿĸ֪ǰȫûá
ϸʶɾ͸֪֮׶Χȷ޷ϸʿĸ֪֮
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ϫʵ׷ʵף¹ϼ壬ȴ쳣ɱүүĳУֵûɵĶ
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æһԽͣϫȥ
ԭڽϣ껴ѧϰսѧ㱻ڿ༥˵ϫүү֮һĶ껣ԴǼŭ˳껣ϧѧأڶʦ棬һ١
ŭԳĳͷ󻹱ʾֻҪԭ³껵Ĺʧ껻ǿԼѧϰġȻģǻܼңȻ˵ˡ
ϫ룬üô˵Ѿױˣ
۵С촽ȴǾɣ˵磬Ҳڡ
ϫȴֲģ֪ܵÿδܣΪάԼñԼ͸Լ۸һ
С껽ʮ꣬ѽ쾳磬ҾãȫȥѧһԡһԽ
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ϵһô֪أСԸȥҵǿ԰һλѧĽϰʦ
껺ԥҵȻԸȥ̣ܰ𣿡
ЦֻĻҪԼȥȡ
ϫˣ´˰һ
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ھȥɡ
ϫѧۺʵȫ뽫ϼ岢ܵܽѧϰȫٵϼıԼҲʡĲ١

ѧĥá
һֽͦΣɷ
ɫ棬ǰǵߴӰĿ͸޾Ľ֮ɫ
˸ߴü㣬һ𲻿ɺΡ·壬ɢųصϢ
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ƷȭǽǹԷ֪΢˺һؾ硣
гɣɣ֪΢Բɳ˺һ˵زһΪãֻ̤ܳԽ㣡
ԣڲﵽ˺һľʱǻƲһĽޣûֵýĵط𣿡
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ԣһһ𣬼̶ͦţĿᶨף
ɿյͷٶ˵
ɽϰһѧСܹ˵
ɿüûϿ𣿡
ѧһѵ˿ˮҧŮ˵һġûգȥؾ
Ůˣ
ɿԺиһŮͷûһ˿һǿ侲ʲô֣
ѧͷɵհף磬ҲȷҪȥʣ
ףɽϰôˣѧ̧ͷȴȻ֣ɿʧ֪ȥ

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磬ڿˡڣɳƵͳ
ɿգɫҲǸ֮һֱƽȣŤͷԵĳϫ˵СߵţЩҪɡϰġ
ϫͷųתš
Ѿɿյ˹ϵǱѰӦöδı棬ڳָղһĻ
вǺ棬̺ɿյ˾ʲôϵأ
磬˵ܳɹ𣿡СʵϾף²͸ŮŮĸϸ
ϫƬ̣˵Ӧû⡣
ͨղŵһĻѴ¿ȷܵ˵ܹѧΪؼһ
ûãŴ򿪡
ۿףȴ֮⣬Ǵĵ׵ĳЦкǽɽϰҪС껵Ľ
껾һĦȭƵϣ
ϫĴȻһĨײ΢ЦڿԿʼ


11 Ϫ¥
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ƥƵĽתĽĽѿƼХ֮
ֳֽСӰڝӰ֮УСһƬᶨ˫侲ˮһѧѧġСǽʩչ£ʽ쾫׼Ʈ鶯ȻȻ졣
ųеĵܵܣϫɫ㱲ѣƻصǰ
ʱԼҲ˼ᶨִţڽһнԼظϰǧΣҲ˿оƣ
ÿʱүүվһԣҲ˵ֻЦеؿԼƵϾο֮ɫ
үүʱ飬ŸԼһɣ
ŵܵӰϫ鸴ԡ
ã˵ȽѴ֪΢زѵõý֮汸һ˿Ī֮Լĥسɴ
ɿո̾Ϻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵֮ǰǰ棬ɿղž˳껣ôڣѱý۷
ڳϣ˶ԽļᶨִţǳΪһϸ޵ʣǳֻʮ꣬Ȼѽ֪΢֮˳ĲʣʱգעڽߵøԶ
簵˿ųеĳ껣ɡ֪ɿͽжộܹõĵԺ

߳ѧϫĬȻ
ܵܲԤϵسΪɿսϰĵӣΪѧһԱȻΪˣһ뵽ѧÿѧҪǧԪʯеͷۡ
Ʒ²ԲȣҲѧԼѰһ׬ȡԪʯ·ˡ
Ӧø˲Ŷԣѧɲ˭ܽģܳΪɽϰĵӣǧһ껸ϰھǱܣԺĽ֮·Ϊ
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ϫҡͷôУղǰӦײѧѣѾһæҴһݹȡǰǧԪʯ
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ϫȻʦǺʦ񣿡
Цȷˣ߶ԸֲϵȻģҪȥ߻ģʦڿڸУԹЧΪʦԹЧΪأȴǿڸС˵ӣͿˮƽˡ
ϫȻ룬Ҿȥһ԰ɡ
Ц϶еģ˱ƷҪвҲҪīҪֲϰ⣬⿵ķҲͬˣΨһҪעıƿأ㳣Ʒó׼ٿأҲӦòѡ
ϫû뵽˿ԼԼóƷֻ˸һƷѡ
߰ɣھʹȥ˳
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ϫͷѣղΪܵܽѧ飬ûлأʱҪ鷳˼ңƤٺҲе㲻˼
һ㶣ؿǰɬ꣬ǵһμϫı鷢˷ḻı仯ȫû֮ǰǸľګϢ
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ϫƳԱߵİһۣͷһ˿ĸо̵ŮˣͷȴСףֱΪϲ𰡡
ϫĿ⣬߲ѣ֪Ͳϫˣͷǿ֮Ҳô
ųϫŶ룬ӳľȻһԴĻ档
񣬰ޣľݴ֮һ۵С·С·ͷȻһӳڴ֮ıС¥

ϫĿѲƬ̣˲ͿǰһнǳĻ
续ΩΩФ˵Ȼ±ɾͨĴʦܲ°ɣ
ſеĻľ㣬ϫ޾̾Ʒʦ֮ϣɳʦԼһƷʦҲ֪ʱܴﵽȾ硣
һ̿ջӰ½׻󣬰ɱСĸߣĪҪҴ
ԸһС·ǰȥ
ϫͷһಽڰ󣬲
ʦƷķƷ֣ܼƾƷƷʦ֮ϱǷʦķϡС׻֡
ݳϫ֪׵ĻϸʿԽ׳һǰ̿ջӰɾ߱ǿɱĻ
߽С¥ɫһ䣬ټķª쳣ֻȷ̨޷һ¥ۼĳȡ
˿̣һһһŲ̊ǰʳ󣬰һĿܣԲ̣ԲڸĿĸʳϡ
ˣŮ
һĿڣһ̨ǰ̧ͷЦظк¹ڳüĿӢߴ󣬴΢΢𣬹һ˿Цˡ
Ӣ갡ýֱˮãô
һ̨ǰһϮ컪ѵŮ̧ͷظʣˮһֱضųϫƯ¶һĨЦݡ
ɻ
һ̨ǰƵͷ۾һɣеӣ
ӢкŮһˢˢͷˣһģ


12 ʦ
ϣኳ
һָһһŮתǿͷϫܵλͷϺኳĴʦ֣˽Ҷʦ
ϫͷϫλǰ

ϫֻ͹보ȵ಻ϵ
񣬳ϫĳ棬Ѵü쳣Ҳѿ
ȴеܲˣֱͷǰֶףݺݵͷûҸһλͽ𣿡
ͷһɣ𣬼˿õصԼ֪κβλֻ̣ʹļ׵СףҪˣϺõһ̶罷Ⱑ
˵ʱ͸ĲϤ̣֭ͺ죬綡۱˿ĸɫϣ磬ɫζȫ
ͷ۾ƣϫóƷ֪쾳磬ѵͽܣ
û羲񾲵ķȣӣһƲҲܣ³ϫ
ͷһʲôȻЦϫǸɨǰɣ
˻һڳ̨ǰæµϺኳͣжɫسϫȥ
һŭѣֱ޲ͷĺĺô˵
ϫѡ
ȴϫ촽ɫƽǲɨ޹ؽҪҪû뵽ԭǰҲס̣߰ɡ
һеδϫ

뿪ȴͷŭе˭ˣ׼Ǵȴƣҿͳͳǹƨ
Խ˵Խ󣬽յͽܣֻҪܼ̳ӵĳգ˭Ա˹ôࣿ
羪ϲճϫͽˣ
ͷɫһͣɲ
ʦ֣ŮõˣţϰԳգգۣһɫ
ǰʦ֣ҿϫȣóƷɡኳĿڳϫѲƬ̣źۼһۣſͷ顣
ϫһĬͷȴһ˿ϣ
֮ǰܾΪͷ漥ȥ飬³ɹͷΪʦԺԾʱʱҪ⵽ͷķ̣ԸҪλᡣ
ͷףͷԼͷһ˿ŭҲ֮ɢ١
ˣ𶼲£µްǡϡ֣µƶ񲻱桢ڰײ֡ٲ
үү˵ģϫ׼ӡ衣
ͷһϫ˵ȻˣҸһᣬһгƬ
ͨ䣬䣬̺˿˿糣ĹϹ߲֮һ
ϫƲ̨ǰǰһѩһ߳
Ǻһλʦˮ׼ߵ͵Ҫֶ֮һ¯̨߷ְ壬޵ɲˣͷҪĵúŬ
һԵͣﾡǹ֮ɫ
ϫͷƬ̣֣ɿµ
ͣͣͣ
ϸܽյĵаͬнĹĵ㣬ϫȽɣѩĳ׼ƿţгһƬƬѩƬ
ǰϫүүڼƳʹȻ쳣֮Ʒ;׼ȸǳͣ˿ȫͶ֮£׼ٶҲ쳣
ܿ죬һһѩƬ
ԶͷҲûĮȻȣ׼ϧ񱡲һֻһﵽĵزǿһǿЩ
ʳƬͬ˲ζ⣬ʱͬ״ۣС񱡡̲ͻͬһ̲УζŨԼۼ۵ȱײ
ኳЦϫСܣĵӴ
˿
ͷኳһۣӲһҪ
ϫһٴרעڰ֮ϣƬ˿ȻԾ׼иߵҪҴ⡣
͡
ˮкأһָӼٵƵ£һ˺˿Ʈ
ϫоԼƷ˷ʣƬֽһ˿˱ֱķơ
Ʒƣīȣڷ֮Գء
Ƭ˿Ҳˣȣϸ֮ͬԹ
ϸ˵Ƭ˿ѶҪԶԶڻƷƣ۲һͲͬŲ仯֮ԶƬ˿ôһ
ԣȫƿ;׼֮󣬳ϫµٶȻӿ죬ͬһ㣬ŻɿǰС
ɬ;ȴƿо⣬СĪǸһҲһλţ°ͣ˼״
֪ܵļһ
һԵኳ˸ۣ漴һԵųϫ˧ˣϫСܣңһøġ
գ
ҲȥˣϸϼȴǼΪģϫܵõϺኳѴ󳬺
ͷһĨһţɫĮȻ
̳ǣֻҪû˭ҵŮ³³ǲҵСʵҲȷˣǴﵽʦһ³ʦĽūŮ֮Ϊˣֻɾˡ
ԣڼϫĵ֮ͷĵȷԴˡ
⻹ԶԶһչھ̳ǣҶʦԲʵؾͽܵѡ
ϫ³϶һϸѩ˿ϸӨ͸ɷۡ
ϫɵò̾
ҵһɣѳƵϼճȺһ
ϫСܣϲӣޣѵ޷԰εĸо𣿡
ኳȰһ۴ԲѵϣȻð޳˫Ž޵Ե૲ѡ
˵˵ܾеŤϫǷ̧࣬ͷ
ߣԶ
ͷƤǰһ˿󶶶˵һĻˡ
ֵ˿ΪĿ꣬һ߳ĳмٷһѩƵĵӰͬˮ
ϫ۾ȴһͷˮ
ڵ񻨣
͵ʳıϻƣĿʱζһЩ࣬񻨿ױա
ϫȻͷòҲԼɣ
ЩΪѣϸ˿ȣԵӴԼ˵ϱߵˣһˡ
ߵߣһ˿ѣ񻨲ʲôãģͷ˿ϵ񻨣ǹΪأҾӦ
ҲӦኳ廰˵Żһ۳ϫһͦģ
ȻŮӦˣΪзȵʿҲʾӦͷ­ֿ̧ڡ
ͷ赶һͣ˦ֺݺӷɳͽ˻𣿲һ䣬Ǿ۸ˣ
˵İ
硢ϡኳͬ
ϫͷӿһɾΥů֪ƾԼݵǿڰ̵ϣЩһͲԼһۡ
еһ棬̾Ǹʲôˣѧɿսϰ죬λʦദǢͨͨĳﰡ


13 
ʮʱ䣬ѡʳͼ͡𼯡ģʮ֮һЩʳĺԶ㲻ͽӲҲգ
ͷأԲģһҪ
ϫȴ⣬ʮ첻⣬֪Ϊͽ֮ÿܵõٿԪʯ
ͷ鶸ȻɴƺԼĶ䣬һ͵شΪʦΪ׬ԪʯӵĳԪʯģ㡭ӹ
ͷڱ߱Եæųϫɱӡ
иԣϧûҵôʮ㡣°ͣȻ
ޣϫСڲͬӲֵȥǻءኳַˡ
Ӹɻ
ͷ޾ŭļҹȻ

߳Ϫ¥ͷԱģ̲סЦѡ
ϫҲеЦ˵ͷƢȷŹ֡
绰һת˵㲻õ׬Ԫʯʮֻ֮ҪʽΪͷͽܣϪ¥ԻԺʵļ۸ǩһЭ顣
ϫͷҲģͷΪϪ¥ʦ֮ףޱȣΪͷͽܣϪ¥ͲԪʯԼء
ʲôϸһ˿ɣܹͷΪʦ˵ʮܼϪ¥Ļءһλ֮ͨ
ϫĵȷˣϪ¥Ϊ̳ǵһ¥ϰȻ
ֻϫģ֪ûԼе˼ҲͣЦȥȥӻˣ
ϫҡͷȥˣûƷȥӻŴ»ҵġ
˵⣬췢飬ܵܳɹѧԼҲõʦͷͬһʱм硣
֪Ϊ˲ذԼ֪ݶ֮أԼһȥ
̣ллˡ
ϫɫ£ΪؿŰһһ˵
һ㶣ðβŷӦͷҲͻȻڳϫЦԺЦһЦ̱̱º̫
ϫ䲻ĶˣòŻع԰Ϻظһ˿Ǻ졣
˰
գգ۾Ц⡣
ϫܲˣҲ磬ֻͷߣȴǼΪܰĸо

ϼ壬ڡ
ӣ
һоƱһѷĩ͵ˮ˫𣬱ȵֳˣƽȨⶼǸɵĺ£
ǰˣ˲ףӲͷƤΪԼ
ɫ䶢ԼСӣղˣأԽ裬ܴ裬㾹ȻɣҶӣҷְɱˣ
ɫˢز԰ףٲҶ˵һ֡
ܼңȻˣΪβɱǸ껣֪Ϊ²Ҷ౻һĿܼϣʡ
ܼҴ죬ֱ
֪ΪƽϢŭ𣬸һ׷Ĳʹۣ£ΪԼһ䣬ֻǵ˵ұʮɱ껣;ȴ⵽˳ϫͻϮ⧲֮£ֵܶ˿ˣ븮𷣣
ŭɫԻϫѵԲˣ
ܼûУóƷĻһ࣬Ա׶͵Ϯѡʱ޲ūҪԾ͡
˼ҴӦϽǱߣֵܶԲʱϵΪԵ;ʹĥҲˣҴӲ˷УǸһˡ
ܼȻ֪кμƻūԸΪ֮ǰǣ
ҡͷ̾ϢҸյõ鱨ǸѽѧУѧʵۺϼ岻£ʱ޷֣ǱСӡ
ܼʲô۾һɷ̳ڵѧμӣΪ쾳磬ȻҲСߣɷλɽ֮У޷֣ʱֻһЩУɱСӣ
˼ƲɱСӣǷϵΪ
ܼһ˿֮ɫЦģʱūض´ӣ
̫ˣʱҲȥ˷ܵؽеԹ֮ȻѰѳ껺޵ˡ
Ҫǻ£ӽͲҪȥѧˣݱչʲôʱԲ磬ʲôʱٳ
ݱչأ
˫͵ضɫˢס
֣үȥͽˡ浭Ը

汳سһĨӰһߴĺȻ֡
òƽӹѰкص㣬ȴƿħһ㣬Ƥɲԡ
Ȼֹ
һȣٿȻִ࣬СƵץֱ뿪
һ˿̣漴㱻ᶨ֮ɫ棬૵Բ򲻵кʸ羺֮λңҪ
ܼ类ǰһĻסˣ֣ǸڰһֱӰԾӵϸǿߣǸ˫մŨŨѪȵͷ
һ̬СүӿֻòҲ̶˰ɣ
ûɵأܼͷһ˿
ܼңһҪ졣ü˼Ƭ̣
ԸܼҾѹһ˵
ʱ䲻ǽҲ׵طŹǸϫҪһºȷϵȫΪ

Ǳ磬ϫֱؼңҴҳԹ㿪ʼ¾֮
Щ췢̫࣬ǿҵĽȸУһи
ΪҪǣ塢ӡƷ׬Ǯռʱ䣬ֶһգʱԵüΪԼ˷һ˿һʱ䡣
ϫ֪ζԴʱģ֪ԼǿΪүүԼһ屨ĸ׼棬ͲܷɶԼҪ
෴Ϊ˴ЩĿ꣬Ҫӿ̵ҪԼ࣬¶һκҲܸԼҷݵɣ
ᶨȥ֣ǧȥŬܿϣ
˼ϫΪԼƶһмƻ糿Ʒϰա¾֮Լӡ
ʣ¶ʱ˯ߣĿ֮ڡ
Ȼϫϸ磬Ϊһϸʿ˯߲˯޹ؽҪ
֮˴Լʯˮ֮ǣȴδ˵ǳɷǣ⡶¾ܹ֮辶ȷ˾̾
һص촰ϫ쳣ŨŨĺģϸƷӡԺеһн֡


14 
¾֮ء
һؽƤɷƤ
ڶػ𰾹ǣһɷ
ˮʽˮɷǽ
ĥɷĥѪ⡣
ľ壬ľɷǣˣԲ
Ȼͨɷһ飬Բ磬ԶԶҪˡ
ϫ̾ѣ漴üͷһ壬૵򵥲ζף֮ͼ֮ǴߣͰʱʹࡣɷ֮ԴԶˣ׷ݵǰĻĹʱڣҪѰ֮ҪӼѡ
뵽⣬ϫͷ侲࣬¿
Ϊ쾳˾磬ͨѪУᴩ磬ӵɽ֮
Ϊϸ˾磬ѪĤ֮ӿһɿֲƾ޵Ķͨţȭɽءȵȡ
Īʿ޵ԪͬͨʲôϧҶ巽֪ʶ֪֮٣ҸʱһҪЩؽɬ
ϫĬĬ˼ţ͵һ⣺⡶¾֮ԴԶ֣֮ȻֹЩĪЩĻڼخǰУ
ˣ棬Լϸ磬ٴν붴ʱֻҪܴһ֮أخǰӦûѡ¾֮ߵݴڸԼ

ϫ⡣
ҹڣǳ˸ҹĻ֮ϣ˶ǹ⡣
̧ͷŲϵǳϫĬĬ׽š¾֮һ֮֮üͷ壬૵Ѱ
¾֮мؿű֮һ
ҪɷǣһҪ֪ųɷǳڶΪģ볤ǳңӦܳɹɷ
ǳУΪϸϵĻþҵԸɷҲ̫ѣֻ谴չС
Ϊѵǵڶ֪ǲ֮ңӦ
Һãڡ¾֮ڼϸĸ֪֮䷱ȴ˳ϫȼü֮
벻ɣһûġ
ϫһֱԼ񱣳ּµŻ۾ͥԺϣͷ­΢̧ңԶǿΪǳ
˫ǰʮָһܹӵӡһ˿µζ
һӡͬ䣬ûյһ㡣
Ӻ
ϫͣж죬ɵأ޶һĬʯ͸һ

ңԶɳĮ壬һ˿ϴľ쳹ڳϫʶ
ʼô
ڣخņ̀ͷ­ʲôǶԳɣ¶һ˿ɣƼ˸С
ϫоԼһԳ򣬷죬ҹȥ֪ƣ֪ͷ
ɹһſŷƮҷǳ
ɹļµһڶ
ɹ̻ͬŵһꡣ
գһƬ޾ֻͣһǳһɢľ޴ǳ
ǳǲɢŷŨϢӿ˲ұӡ
ŨŨĽǸɷô
ϫ縣飬ϥգɫ񵭣Ȼ۾
ڴʱǹǳĲҹ֮ϣһƮǹк£ϸ꣬ͥԺ֮ڣƮڳϫܡ
漫Ϊ죬֮һϸĹţͨϫ볤ǳ֮䣡
ף
ǲʲôǹޱߵϽϣӿֳǧٵ֮ĿֲϢһĿңң֮أɫɻ𾪡Ȼһ㡣
Ǻˣܹͨǳ֮
ˢˢˢ
̳ڣһӰӲͬطεضڰգĿȴˢˢͬһ򡪡ƽ
ǹأԤʲô
ȻҪһ֮̽ʱȴȻҹīһжָҲоǹȻӿֵʼʲôûз
ѵǴ
ԣ
϶ʲô
û˻ԼղŵĸӦǲĵһѰȴһ˿ֻ֣ôɻ޹

Ҽ˺ò׵ȵһܹ̳²ĵӣݶţ֮ڣخ쳤Ц˵ʹ졣
֮󣬼خɫָƽ૵СӣúŬɣǿ߲κ˱ӻԺҲΪ֡ǡͨе
һУϫȻ
ߣǹ裬ɫҲ仯ɴ۵Ľɫ
ˣ
ϫ۾өѵĵɫߣ૵Ǹɷô
ͷܲѣԥת¾֮һķ
ͣ
أΧĸɷ͵ͣƬ̶̣һĽɫ⣬Ȼӿϫȫ
ʹ
ǵʹ
Ȼ׼ǵɷһӴʱԾ۵óϫѿزס壬оǱݺȫȫΪ֮ݡ
ɷ̺ǳתʱ۵ķ֮ޱȣԴȻʹ֡
֣
Լһضȥ̸ʲô֮£
ϫͷ쳣ݺҧأŬԺһ˿ѣ˹
ʹͬˮһһͣϫȫëһѪˮܿͳһѪˡ
֪˶ãϫչ˼άѾʹĥú֪վӣȴֻһ˿ֻʣ޾ʹƣվҲվˡ
ŵһؾѾĥӣخǰ˵Ĳ٣ҵȷ̫ˡ
ϫû٣ʵ࣬ҲԼ״
Ƭָ̣һ˿֮ٴҧأ˫һӣվȴѾ۵ͷ󺹡
һǵ߽ڣˮϴѪˮŴŴڴϡ
ʹƣ˼£ϫԾûٵƬ̣ʼ
뷨ܼ򵥣ֻ֡ǿ
ûмᶨ֮ԺжԶ֪Լжǿ󣬲
ϫŬĬҼᶨ

һ磬ϫ׼ʱ𴲡
ҹ֮ռخϥʶ֮ڣĹ𶴸µӡֱ賿źȻ˯ȥ
Ծɫ쳣԰ףȴǼá
ţ
ϫ͵ط֣һҹ֮䣬ԼʶƱ쳣
ͥԺҶҡҷһ˿˿϶һ̤Ĳڵذʳ£һֻѶԡڳУ鶯
һжôһжϫеʾ档
ȻҹǷ֮ҵǿ
˲䣬ϫһУɾ̾һҹ֮䣬ҵﵽֵزǰµӡ治


15 
У峿ƷѳΪ˳ϫϰߣ衣
Ҳ⡣
ϫϴ֮󣬱ľ֮ǰʼƷ
ͬȫʹԭִʵһ˿ɬٶҲ࣬ҪʱʮһƷǲˡ
ϫЩüרעڷֽ֮ϣһ˿
ӻ󣬽죬ҪһƷܷ
ܷһַΪԻʩչǰ۳һͬʯĶƣƽṹӣƷͬȴȫͬ
ȫѲϫʱ䱻Ϊֻķϲģ˵ջ֮࣬ȴܹȵ
û취Ϊ׬ȡԪʯòѧԵĻҲֻˣܴӻ껻Ԫʯ
ֱ񣬳ϫյĻֻ²ǧ֣Ŀ˵ȥĿ࣬š
һԣʦУѡһʺԼƷ֮·ϰӶٵΪ
ϫȴ߲ܣлͳͳϰ䶼ģȴʦ˸ʱ䡣ֵòֵãֻ֪ˡ
ɳɳɳ
պī֭ıʼѩķֽϣճһķƣϫıʷɾ׼鶯ƺûյӰ졣
ȻܷһʱͷһɱŤĸоƷֽϵķƳ˲ϸȥȴûзһ˿©
ϫüͣʣ˼ԼܷǧٴΣʷȫѴﵽһǳɵĵز˱Ťĸо
һϫٴϸĦϵķֽʵλáī۵ȳơƵĹ켣ԽͷԽǸоŤųſݣҲΪ֮
Ť
Ťأһжûһ˿©ģ
ĪǲԼĴǡ
类һУϫͷ͵ظһ˿ǿҵĳ嶯ͬħһ㣬ʣӺ£
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ž
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Ȼڿˣ⻹ܷô
֮󣬳ϫֽϱһϤһİķƣüͷ
ˣһ˵˷Ѿ˷ˡϫ˼Ƭ̣⣬ָӿһԪֽ֮ڡ
ˢ
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ϫ˿ͬʱͷȻӿһĨ𺳣ƽṹ޾µܻγɹ̶Ľṹܷ֮һеķĽṹѱʹ״̬˵޸ķƣǷƹ켣ϸ΢춼пŷʧܡ
ʱܷı˽һķƹ켣ȴԾܹɹʹܲϫ𺳣
ԼȻıܷķƽṹ
ʶһ㣬ϫԺеķ֪ʶ㱻߸ֱǰܷԼ֮֡
漴㱻һ˿ɻţԼղģ
˼ãϫ͵һ£ǰۺͼ֮Լƾ֪ʶǳؾ߳ǻ˷ǰµһӡĪһжΪӡ
خǰ˵ӡ̺һ˿ͼУԼǹӡ
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֮Լǿ󣬲һϢвԼķ򰡡
ϫͨһУȻʣʣٴοʼƷ
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ǰѧƷۣȴʽ򣬸û̼Ը̳ۡǣļ̼ǸԸչʱϫһֻŻͿ̼ҵС
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Ŵͷӿһ˿ĸоЩҲһЩƷѧͽˣһЩСڷЩСΪܹɻأ۾ЩŪٵļһŴΪʹ񣬷һһ
ԼεСһҲпôŴеܲˣɫһ
̨ǰ쳣˵˵ע⣬׷Χ£ǰ
Ӵ̱ܷôԽԽٵأ
ҿҲǰܷôƵģϱߵķƽṹͲԣϫһ̫ˣ
ǣŴչô֪꣬мرȴŪˣȷ˲ܡ

˵ϻٴһ˿ֻ
ŴɫҲԽԽѿʹ֮ѾϫԼһĴ𸴣ͳ׶Ͼٲ۳ϫƷ
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һݺȻһȹŮԽڶݣѩģһ֣˲˵ע


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ȹŮȻΧĿ⣬һݷƬ̣ﷺһ˿ɻȻҲϲϱߵķƽṹ
֣ŷȻīȳ񣬱ʷǾ׼鶯ﵽ˼ˮ׼ôܻŪ֮أ
ȹŮŨŨĺģϰ壬鲻һŷ
Ŵһ̾ϢˣҾӪСʮַ꣬𲻳ݷ٣ҲˣЩܷķƽṹȫԣҲûá
ǰǰŴ˵׼ûϫһķǿ˵⣬Ҳա
ΧƷѧͽͣݵ΢ӴŮȻץһлڡ
һԣ֪أ
ȹŮǳǳһЦɳš˵ʱתһյأһӣһɴԪֽ֮ڡ
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һֿܷԼһɵֵܷȻǿ
ˣŮٴιĶԪһŴ̶ĺХ֮ڶƱ档

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ͨȹŮղŵĲԣѿϫ˴ܷҪԶԶǿѰܹƷǮǲӦߵأ
ȹŮüõϰ壬ɲҪ鱨ǮһܷһԪʯ
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ΪҪǣЩܷɨǳϫģһζһҲˮǴߣ
Ŵɨһۣ֪ΪϫɨǣñǹòңñǼԲԣ
ҪǣȥԺͱһ˿йسϫĻ͸ˣŴȻ쳣

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ⲿʳͼסֿʳĵݡߡݡҰ޵ȵȣνǰСҪľʶֲͬƷ׵ʳģ˽ԡζɫԼ֮⿳桢Чͬζȡ
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ʱһλҶʦܹ⿳鵤Ĳȣβϫе𾪣
ʦҪʦΪѣ˵ǰҶʦҶʦҲŲȼλѡ
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ĽչȴɼΪԭȱ֧֡
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߰ɣδĴʦ
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֮ܶЩͬʳģֻҪЩϸϸȫھĺ決£γ˻ӿӳֵĶۡ
һ󣬳ϫڰ˵ŵвһһϣ̧һȴΧɫͣһ㱳ģ΢΢һѵô
ɲ֪һʱ޲Ľ⣬˴˶𾪣Լ˵һΣֵԼһ˵Ļˡ
ȣţʮ칦ܴﵽ̶ֳȣ츳СκͷɿƳš
ϫ˿ֻҪͨ˾ͺã츳Σȥƽϡ
ʲô츳У̼ͬܵһ㣬һ˿ȣ״ػֱۣеȱŻŵļһܽ츳Уʲô³۵ķ
ኳҲ޷ͷۣԴǷ֮ʦ֣ʦ˵ʱǱͨ죬Կ죬һ룬㡭
˵ҿ˰̣ͷŭѣŴኳӳŻǱͣͣ𣡣
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ϫȴǿһͷˮûгΪŵԾԣֻаֹһﻹǹŹ֡
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ϫҡͷ֪
羪Ǿ˵ѡʳͼס͡𼯡ˣ
ϫɻʲôôȷɻǼһЩ֣ʲôֵþȵġ
ӳϫУȷţһȷǰ鼮μˣҲһ˿޷𺳡
Ĺ⡶ʳͼסеʳ֣Ҫʳĵ֡ԡòЧȵμģͲǶڿ飬ϫȴʮȫסܲ𾪣
ⲢҪģ˵ļһֻҪϻѹҲͬҪǣϫסЩʳģܰЩʳ⿵ĲȡԼ⿹̵ÿһ趼Ϥ˸е𺳵ġ
ȻϫϸʿȻʮμһУʵǳϫӵؾΪѱͷ˿Ͳܰϸʿ
ǳԭͷ˲Żеޱȣѳϫ˴ϻ۳š
ʱһУ֮࣬ҲΪϫеԺͿġ
֪ǰ׵˶ٿ࣬Ĳʹĥѣԡһ㣬ʼɢԼĹâβϲأ
ͷȻյӣ͸ǩһЭɡ
ʱһĴ𣬰ƿһվŮ˽°䡣


18 Ϫ
Ůӽ룬ڶȻóԵϺͻճɿኳԾ͡
ϫ̧ȥֻŮθȳƣӣüĿ续˪ѩһϮԶԶȥһ°ʢĺĵ͸һɶصıС
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Ϫüһ壬ϫ˵ͦ˰ɣǩǩЭ飬ȫԼ
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ĬĬ˼Ƭ̣ϫҿԴӦְֻϪ¥ʱȴ޷֤ȷǣֻҪ̳һգȻѡ¥ְ
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С㣬Ѿ̽йسϫϸϡڷɫһֽ㡣
ڷɫ׾ᣬڶϪʱ㱻ڶϪߣͬһӰһ㣬Ӱ
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Ϫ˻֣Ը°ɣסҪѳϫϪ¥ϰյ鴫ȥС䱳ϽռҵӰӣĪҪ䷢ִΪá
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ͷϲϻûиϫ̸˼ʼڳա
ڴ֮ǰһľżͬˮӣڳϫǰÿڶֻδʽĸʳģɢɷۡ
ϫִһ㣬ϰٸӣǧʳģ΢΢һͷҪʲô
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ͷĭɵؽһ̨֮ͨǰץ߰ʳģʼա
ճϺϺˮ֮ϣһߣˬڣԳڸдĺΪϣٸˮݡҰ͡侧εϣ⿡
˵ʱͷҲûţʽϡٿ𣬴֮Ͷϣٽɿ죬Եüѡ
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˿עһУ˲һֿľ磬ͷĶбûÿһÿһ趼ֺر۵ףμС

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֮󣬽׵ϣһͨյĳϺ̾Уһ˿˿ڵ֭ڳϺ죬ɢһ˴ѵζ
ζԺﲻζͱ˵ҵͽܣͷȣ͸һɰȻ֮ɫȻԼżġ
ϫѵһĭϺһϺмѿһķ϶¶ѩ׾ӨϺ⣬ҲŨˡͷһһأɢϺ⣬С
Ϻ⸦һͷϣһɶص˲Ϯȫϫֻͷ΢΢һƴ㣬ǻھ黬۵ĸо̲ס׽Ϻϸͣζˬڣ˳ζ
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ϫٳһڡ˵ţٴλӶӣͬˢˢ꣬ûֳ侲ģͶ̥һ㣬̻ʣãգ۹ѳװϺɾ
Ҳֳϫʧ̬Ϻʵ̫óˣʮֻ԰׷̲˵ļһԣϺ亱еζղܡ
ΪҪǣ˳Ϻ֮ԲһɴͬϪˮӿ뵤֮ڣΪ˲䱩һ˿
ϫɸпѣֲúŴԼʦأȿƷζֿĲ˭أ
ͷϫı֣жԸ˵ϫղŵ̻ʣǶԵĳյϻǱĵСӣǸʿ׼ĲȣܲеϢ
ϫĬȻȴѣղԼȷ̫ʧ̬ˡ
һϸʦԣζһͷɰḻʵĴÿʦһ̽ѰĿꡣСӣΪһϸʦɲô򵥵顣
ͷ鶸Ȼׯޱȣ˫¶޾Ŀȼᶨ֮ɫ
ϫѣԾأԼδڴ


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˿̵͸һɣǺһڵն𵶣ֲ˲ɿա
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Сغ޳ڷ̳ڼ֪˿ŮһǷƽṹһģϫȷǰλؾŮݡ
ֻһƷѧͽﲻæɣ
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ģغ峺޹۾һԺģ
ϫͷȷûƭغޣЩͷĴƷʱŤ֮µĲԭҸ㲻ĸӦغ޵
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ϫסܵܣҡҡͷֹ˵ȻĿغϣҵȷ֪ôģȴԸṩһ顣
غ۾һᡣ
ҾһŹ֮ԼǿڷӦżĲ档
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23 
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磬ɿսϰ˵֮亱̳ڣӵй֮ҡ
֮֮󣬾Ĵвͼ顢ֵʽ֡ҪͨһطԭԴڣֻܴһˣܹ㷺ڣҲ亱ԭ򡣡
ܵܳ껿ϫɻڶԵ͵ҲţЩۺĹУӵŲͬĹرǴͨɡͨرҲԸ򵽹֮ƽڵʯһĪĹر
ϫȻԺеķ̵ظе
һᾡѧ֮ģ޷ЩƽṹϣŶغսСȭͷ峺ӿȼᶨĹâϫ˻֣ת뿪
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ˡ
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Ӧǰɡϫڴһ䣬Ը˵
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ϫͷȴûв͸ǽԺҾκ˵£ԼԼһ

ڶ죬ɿվʹų̤ǰϽԨǵ·
ϫΪܵܵ뿪еЩѹͲᣬҲЯ⣬ɿһ뿪
磬ģһúŬģҲҪúչԼǧҡ
ϫųȥɿգҾѾӦ뿪̳ǣصϽԨǡҪúչԼȥԨǣһҪŶ
ϫ磬ˣϲԵ̳ǹһһ룬˺Ҫõˣټ
أŵܵܡ̡ϫڷдãһŽ顣
ϫһ;ɱķҪߵøԶӵΪ֮ǿҹ̸ŷƶ겻ϰ䣬ΪǳԲߴɡ
мǣΪսĸƷǺ似һҪѰһԼս֮·˷ųƵһǿߣ
ౣأڡɿա

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֮ǰҪάƣܵܽѧѣʱ䶼ƷѧϰϣϾ似ŵܵܵ뿪ֻ貹ѧѧѣͿԳʱú似
ϧҳһ屻٣ǧ似伮٣үүҲһɹ㼴似»ҪһѧС
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Сӣʧˣ㻹ҰЦаѳϫһµķŴŭ
ϫе㺹գ壬Ще飬һʱ޷ԡ
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רĳӵͼ߼ӦоУɢ޵м塢ѧһĴǰԱ̳
棬ǼҴ巽Ǽخǰڵġ¾֮似ܷӳҵʵأ
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Ĺ٣ֻʮಿ볯߿Ůߵ̬ȱ䵭ǰˣָŹ̨䴦
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Ů˹ܵ˳صĴһ㣬Ǹ͸һ˿ȻŨŨľηûһ˿ղŵĮڽģ


24 㲦
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ܿ죬ϫٴСڣܶѻɽʳģ૵ЩʳģգҿԲԪǡټﰲȫݱţϵʱ䣬ڴ似ҲǼõġ
ûٵʱ䣬ϫʼͷּʳģղͬԺͿζһһࡣ
ϴεľ飬ϫЩѾԵ࣬ûöãѰӵʳĻֺá
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ϰһ磬ļ󣬴˿̸һܿͳһƽ͵״̬С

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봳خǰ˵ɽһ֮أ幦ͬϸ磬Űѡ¾֮أزԲҲ֪ʲôʱܽ쾳磬˵ϸ֮ˡ
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似ϫԽԽ֪ξˣƺһҪģûһϲġ
ָоʹ࣬һʢĲȣ֪ôӺ¿һ
ԥʲô㣬ѧʲô
һɣڷ𣬰īͷǵļخȻڷС
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خ׵ҪǴķɣйĻڡ
˵ţخϫǰʮöһȭ
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ģɱ˰
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Լ߲ǻи˰֮õϹԼͷЩ
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ϫȻѣȴǡϰգ䲻ЩʦҲұ֤Ĳȡںþƣ̳һζӣҲġ
خ˿֣ͷ֪ղŻġû취һӸս£һرȺãΨȴӲڸ֮
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ʱ󣬳ϫ͵˫ۣһݣһȭһʯϡ
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ӲʯҵȭҲԵֽȣӦھһءʯ顯ĵز
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ĻһֱǳϫһĽᣬΪ֮ǰ޾飬ֻǴ¾֮ȴûʽӿٶȡ˿ȭĺôѰٵһٴ;
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쾳磿
ϫı仯ͷ͵һ


26 Ҷѧ
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ϫרעȭͷŵİâһȭʯϡ
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ĥ̴СļӲʯѷ棬Щʯ۴С״ͬſ顣
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ϫһ㼴ٴƣһһʽ
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𵴴ﵽһ̶ȣѴﵽȭڶؾ硪ʯۣһȭʯϣʯĩ紵ɢ
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ϫ̾Ϣ̫࣬ƴܱǿأ
خŶһеľƺ«ʵҪҪٺһڣ
ϫҡͷˣֲ̺̫ܱãȴ춼޷ȭұǵΪҵ޺ôҲա
ʵҲȷˣ԰ǰ˼ں«еҾƣϫһٰΪͻ쾳磬֢ҲΪԣıǣ޷ʩչΪ˱ε״ֻ˰µʱ䣬ɷʹľɷ°һ飬֮ϫ¡
خΪźȷ˵ͻƾ磬ɸε״ԺҪ߾ʱ߻ħϸ֮춨ͲݳЩˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ϫҲףûпϸ֮ǰǺ֮֮޲Ϊ춨׼ʵι̣·ߵøԶһ׶ν磬ܿٽףԺĵ;Եòʧ
ʵҪǿʵʵսһѡ񡣡
خͻȻڣ˵ʵսķḻڶԵʱҲҪáһɱĥǿߣԽսߵĶ֡
ܷӳ
似ѪĴҲǻȭȡ
ϫΪȻ
ƬɽɭУޣԽ޵ʵԽǿвʵǿĴʵһЩ쾳Ϊáخһָɭ
Ұޣӵ֮󣬾ܹɻΪޣѵͿͬһ̤쾳磬̶̤֮·
ѪĲַͬһ޺ޡ
һޣ쾳ʱûΣҪɻҲǼΪѵģеҪﵽϸ磬ɻΣеҪͥ磬еߡ
ӵŻĹʱڵħѪ߱ǻۣ츳ߣʵҪѰҪǿࡣ
ɱ쾳ЩҺûмһͷ
ϫһսȺ˽ս෴Ҫʤ࣬Уһͷ̾һص쾳ȻǴɱսһģս֮һŵöͷƤ飬ʮʵҲֻܷӳɡ
خЦЦʵǸҿ𣿡赭дУ¶޾֮ɫ
ϫȻˣخǴ˰Ķ֮飬ԭòһͷīͷǵ롣ЩҿߣֱŰ
ûٷϻָϫһֱɭȥ
ҹɫеɭֺqqģ쳣н˽һʱ䣬ϫһͷʵǿںڵޡ
ϫý׵أѰ쾳ʿĸҽԲпܱײнƻ͵Ϯ
н;гϫնɱ˼ͷޣϧЩʵȫ᲻Ȥ
ǰнʮأϫͻȻͣסŲ۵һ˿ɡ
д
ϫ֮ͬʿǿ˲֪٣ѴﵽͻƵıԵҲܹ׽޷Ķ
˿̣ƾ֮ԶĴ֮
벻ҹµɽУȻ˸ҽѭϫϢظ˹ȥ
ǰһƬԿտʯѣͷǹ⣬ԼܹӰ֮⣬һ˾Ķǵ޺֮
ʯѻаٲʱϫһŴϣУӸ°Զ
ʯĿյϣһƬǽ壬ʱһŮ趯бгһͷ޴Χȥ
ͷƻɶ೤ë֫׳Ѫб鲼״ķצߣ絶
һͷ籪ʵ൱ںԲ磬צ絶ٶ磬ΪóǱ͵ϮΪ˼ɵǣ籪צЯ綾ΣȫᱻٻһգΪһ
ϫע⵽һŮϵĺҶͼһѧָԺСҶѧ
Ҷѧλ̳ѧˣѧڶѧУʵҲǰʮС
Ϊ˽ֵǺҶѧҶһԵĵޣĺҶٻ׾ɣƷ׻֣ѳƵƷ似˵Ҷʵ֮ǿܹ뽫µһһս
Χ籪һŮʵߣȴ൱ĬӦϰһֶ˺ϻ֮ѳ꣬Ʊ֯һܲ͸ĵΰ籪ڽУֻķݶ

籪ϧҪͻϮվмλõ͵һȣˢˢˢĵӲ籪Ľ
ԱߵһһŮ˿϶ԥط͹ѩĵâͬһ㣬籪նȥ
ǸʼӲʯ޿ˣۼ籪Ҫնɱϵĳϫȴһ˿
Ծ
ͷ籪̫侲ˣݾ֮УĿƽײУʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼ
ϫǿ󣬸һף͵ע⵽ʯΧӰУʮýӰϢؿ
𣡺𣡺
ʮ޺֯һĺŽһ㳹ŨŨҹɫС


27 
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޺ɫȻһ䣬ֹͣ˶籪ĹյأСĽ䱸
껰䣬һһŮҲͣ½£ң˵ɫǾһƬ
ˢˢˢ
޺ʮͷ籪ʯܣΧ£ķʽΧס

ͷ㱻籪ⲽȺ룬˷һĺС
벻ͷ
ɫѿ쳣ԴĻﻹ²ղͷ籪ֻһնΪľǰԼˣ
½ʦ֣Ǹáô죿һԲСۣüĿ֮һƬ֮ɫɫֵز˵
һͷ籪ʵ൱ںԲ磬˿ȴʮͷ籪˵Ϊûһ˿ʤ㡣
ô죬ѾЩΧµˮйͨҪܸͲܡ
½ʦɫƽ֮ͬɽ֮Уҹ֮УҪѰܡ
½ʦ֣ʦ֣ԲǣΪ˻籪ƤëצҲͲΣˡȥǣǳûܰɡԱߵŮ˵ʱ۾ѷỨպڲѡ
ʦãĪҪ˵ˣ
½ʦһȣгһϣɱһͷһͷҲҪһ𡣡
ԣ˵ΣʱӱܣһҲɲһĵޡ֧½ʦ֣ʦҧг˵ûо֮ɫ۵ԲһƬᶨ֮ɫ
ʦ֡ʦֹж˵
ɱ
½ʦ΢΢һЦԵʦʦһۣ¶ŨŨɱ⣬һ᳤ȳ籪
ɱ
ʦܺͶʦý󣬳գսӿ
𡪡
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Σˡ
ϫĬĬעԶս֣絾ݰȺҶѧӣеҲΪ˵ֲꡣ

һʹһͷ籪ſ϶һצݺʦǰѪۡ
ʦܣ
½ʦһȣҪӪȣȴǰͷ籪ѲŭɫŤ
ʦ֣½ʦһߣ
ۼʦܾҪ籪ɱȴһȣʦòǰĹתһʦһ籪
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ˢˢˢ
ͷ籪ô˻ᣬ͵شӣצԱݺץʦá
λʦ֣һҪǵʦáʦ֪٣۾
ʦã
ʦã
ϴλʦֵŭǿģѹĵҲ֪ǵ
飡飡飡
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ȭȻʵȫԶһɱȺ籪
ڳ֮ǰϫҲ뵽ֻȭ֮ͷ籪ȫʱڵѾɥʧսͷ籪вһǿҵ

ϫĺճ֣籪ȺĹ˶ݵͣͣڵ˻ͬ޷վʱЩ籪ױԣߵĶ֣ȫ˻ųϫϮ
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ϫɱ֮ɫһţӰһΣͷȥ
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һе֣ϫͣĹ̽ݺһȭ͵Ϯ߸
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ԽսϫԽʹ죬֮ǰһֱ֤ʵķȭͷʯ˷ҪΣչУܹޱͷųԼȫʵ
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ȷǴȭһĴȭʽΪЧһΣҲΪˡ
½ʦֵΪľ磬޷ŵϫȭеİɼˣ̲ס̾ԼóϫȭӦÿҪ롰֪΢ľˡ
֪΢ǿϸʿյľ簡
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Ҳ֪һ˭̳ǵһУôͲ˵
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½ʦݸһЦڶʦУѾһΪĪϹˡ
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飡
ϫһȭһƥ籪һصʬ壬δͣתʹߡ
Щ籪ĲֻԲʵѾ޷ս󣬲ֻʱͽζֽصСϰգԱץʱѰһͷ쾳ĥһʵս顣

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ˣ֮ͶѡɽŰǻ뿪ɡϫҡҡͷȴǲԸ¶Լݣ̧žߡ
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أ
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28 Ϭ
أζŽֹ̤룡
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̳ǵ߶ԣʮﷶΧɽУֲ֮̾Ĵ滷նͬħݺսһ㣬ȥ̤ĵط
رλɽʮɽ֮С
ϫ̳ǣҲŹصĴţʱһ˵ߣҪ֮УȻðʧǰ
ɽΧɱ޻Ա֤ްȥǴŰĽأ¾Ͳô򵥵ˡ
Ӣеĵͼȴϫ˸ѣӵһصĵͼȫƹЩ֮أֲ֮ܿ̾أѰٵԼĿꡣ
ǰ֮Ը˵ðգΪз洫ĵͼϸעΧĵ޷ֲǶԴ˵زϤĻҿ԰ָ·ġ
ϫֹӢæ׷ȥ˵
ϫԭ֣ΪֻкԲңҹɫеɽвɱ籪Ҳ̫ˡ˿ŶӢ˵ĵͼŻȻ
Ҫȥɱһͷ쾳ϫʵʵ˵Ӣ
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Ӣһöһѯϸһ˿˷֮ɫɿ˵򲻹Ҳ԰ȻӶݵġ
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ӵصʵ巽Ҳѽ֮ԸͷϬʺϲ
ϫ룬ֱʵص
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գϫͬ˼ԼĶ顣
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һ󣬳ϫһоյһͰɽϡ
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ǡ½ٴвʣҲֻùӦ֪ԼʵǺ
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ϫżһ棬֮ͬɽ𣬳ʮǺȥ
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Ƭ̺󣬳ϫߣפԶ
ǿ֮ӿһŴһ㣬һ㳯Ѱȥ

Щڸ޺ˮƲʲôһ̧ͷ̵ֻӴʧ
֮ǿѰʮķΧǺƫƫôôѰȥҲҲͷ˫Ϭţ
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Ϲͺͺģ¶һ⻬Ӳʯ˿ۼϰˣֻʮվŵģɫװЯŸɱ˽ԱֽŹڵء
ϬϹʲôʱ򵽣
Ϣ˵һʱ֮󡣡
ߣһôļӣΪˡߺߡ
һϤǱڰĳϫһ̧ȥȺλãϼܼҺȻ
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ϬϹ֡ѵҲΪͷ˫Ϭ
Ϲ벻̳ǳһ࣬Ϊ˽ôϧƷϼ嶪һڵصС͵شŭ
ޣצİ࣬±ˣ˹ҲŹ㣡
ҹȻûһöģ磡
ͷЩڵصҲŭдŨŨԹͷŭ

һ¾װĺǰݺһϣЩסƽķ˾ˣôϻ
ƽЩѵԼһҲǻ켣̳ײ֮
ԣϫɱڣϹֺޣ䵱צֱɥɴ˼£
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ܼһȻϫĵطȴΪϫĲй¶˲ע⡣
ϹҪ
ټ¶ϫ֪޿ɶ㣬Ӱ߳䶢ܼңĿŨŨɱӿȼ
ҵ˭ԭɨǡǰЩʹʧĵӣˣ벻ԼȴԹԵⰡ
ܼҿϫ΢΢һ͵Цȥһ֫ȫϣΪϵҪΪһͷβķ

һ¾װĻȲȺɫĦȭƵسϫ


29 Ʒ
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СӲֻƷ似Ϊʱ
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飡
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꣡
ϫ˴⣬Ϯĺ»ɫһϲһնڳϫϣȻǣȫһȴֻڳϫһİ׺ۣԼ򱻳ϫһȭزҺ㼴
ϫҲƾһȭΧ±ľ棬һͷͻһ㣬״Χĺ»֮䣬ȭͷܼͬһ
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֪ѵһ;ٶ֮֮ѣͽʵǸ߷塣֮ǿҲǼΪ˵ģ֮ͬȫѹһ޿飡
ܼ˵٣ϫƾͭͿҪͻƵڶؾĴȭڶ̶ʱɱʮ»򣬵ƾ㣬صΪһȺĺ»ֻķݶ
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30 ʯ
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Щ˶ɱģ
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ȷ˶Ŀ޺ݣϫٲԥһӣȭͷЮſֲϬ͹
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ϫԼᣬϬױŭȰĴ֣ݺݳϫȭͷץȥ
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ܼߵһ̣ϫоͱһŭ޴й˿̼ϬﻹίԼһ֣㼴ȫ˿̼ϬԴҪץסԼȭͷвӿһĨЦ
飡
ȭཻһֲľ죬˲µĵܲסɿֲѹ˲ѿһ֡
һȭϫǿؾĿֲԪۺһ͸ȭĴ羢ӿֱϬɳ⣡
ϫǣϬһر㼴վ壬Ǻδˡ
˵̫ˣϬĶĿ¶ײк֮ɫһԹҾʶʶʲô쾳
˵ʱϬ͵ӿգۼ仯һͷʮɸߵľϬϺɫĺƤӴһСɽһ㣬ǰϫһֻϣ߻ûϥǸߡΪ˳Ծǣ׳ĲϣȻž޴ͷ­

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ûõģϬһ屾ͷ˫ǧĥѴﵽߵľ磬ϸɣһɵһϧ㲻ǣҲֻһԶȭСƨѣ
ϬϫǱ㿪̲סЦڵһ̤ٴγϫͬϰСѹȥ
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ڴ˿̣ϫż͵һˣ˵ķ֮ͬವһ߿գ֫һšһĻߣϬϡ

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ϫò״סᣬʧ֣˫ŷ̸ڵصĹƾλζҲ˿
˫ȭԼƵʣϬͷ­ϡ
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ϬƤ񣬷ˣĥ̴Сȴɴ֮ڳϫѾõһȭ£˲䱻һ󶴣һ˶ĵɫҺ

Ϭ۵˻ѣ޴ͷ­ҡڡ
ô˻ᣬϫ԰һ䣬ղŵλãٴγͷ­λõİݴݺȥ
ϬѾױŭץʱƿͷ­³䡣
ǿҵĽȸбƵóϫ߶ȼУֻһ뷨ƿǰƤ⣬ƿܵһУĵĴȭһƫִƻ״̬
飡飡飡
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Ҫɱ㣡Ҫɱ㣡
˵һֻ۾ֱϫţƤһճϣϬױŭ״Ӵɽ͵ذεض𣬱£Ӱкݺݳȥ䶯Ҫѳϫڵ¡
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ϬεضһɲǣϫҲľѹжȻһ˿ʣȭ̧ΧĿ˲䱻𵴳һȭȭۿɼĲ̶˼Х֮ݺ£

Ϭ޴ͷ­͵ظֳѺۣһϣѪͷӽӵĴꡣ
ʱϬӴҲӰصһڵء

Ϭʧȥһͷ­һͷ­Ҳ˵һֻ۾ڵϷһͳʹ
޵Ϊǿն֫ҲԻָͷ­ȴҪ֮ءʱ䱬һͷ­ѾϬˡ
ңΪҪ㽻ɹƷҿʹһ㡣ϫԶ˵
㻹ǵʹɱңϬɫԹ˵ѪˮӶͷӿϢԽԽ
˵ҲաϫǰһȭҳϬʣһͷ­˲仯һ̯Ѫࡣ
һͷ޼ǧ쾳
Ǵȭڶؾ硪ʯۣ˵޷ͷţͷ­ΪĩԾɳ󡣡
ϫĬĬŴȭı仯вһ˿пخǰ˵û似ȻֻɱУܱǿҲ֪ȭؾ磬ָ
ɱ˫ϬϫͷŭϤйΪϲȭϣҲڶؾ磬ľ磬Ѳκ֮ͬ
ͷţǧ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôʲô
ˢ
ϫ˲ϬӴʬԣ˫һץŶͷƿڴѸ˺ϬĺƤ
κһö۵Ĵָڵء


31 
ۺң
ϫö۵Ĵָһ鿴вһ̾
öָֻʮɷԲĿռ䣬ƷײߣȴѻǧŨ龧ܹʮԪʯ
ͷţȻô龧Ϊպϸ׼İɣϧǱҡ
ϫͷܿܣ̳һЩѧԣǧ龧ʲôĳϫԣ龧һ֡ӵЩ龧ȫԹķҩ似һлΪά౼
ϫǲǵѧͽĹΪѴӦϪ¥ϰϪڣֻҪ뿪̳ǣ;ְɡ
ŲΪǰСٵԼĳŵʿԣԻٵġ
ϫǵʱԭָΪ׵Ͻռңǲͥʮ֮ϣ̳˵˺ٻŵƮȻȥүү⵽޾ĳЦͼֿ̹ĵĳʹ࣬Сܵ˼˺һҲ
Ҳˣڳŵһ£˸Ϊغں
ףǺ
ϫĿⲻһƳڴָĽ͵ؿһöƴСֶһŷһԿ׵ĺɫ壬ϱԹд֡ڤ
˸ַûзöڤ֮ϫֻð֣ѴָڻУ̧ͷ˿ɫٲҶת뿪
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ϫҹΪȻֻսҲŷԼԭôĲ㣬һͷϬ½Σˡ
خ΢΢һЦƤ«Ҿƣ˵ʵսĺôܹʶԼĲ㡣߰ɣ콫ǵûȥˡ
˵ʱخһӣһʧԭزֻһƵľ㡣

ϼչزĳϣջһá
ܼңʮΪȴһֻƷķУǻƿЦ
˵һߣݲϣɫĿտȻɢǵϢΪΪĴͼ
ͨһܼҹڵأݵϴ죬вϲظūܣūܡ
һǰΪнѧɿղ֣ֵܲƽҲ漴̳ǣЩҶԭ¡
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ҵĴһֱ˶Գϫļӡձͷˮ죬ɫβһ˿峤ǿԡ
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һɫȴǻ࣬ﲻ㣬Ϊ֮ƻҪºڤ֮ǰѶڤУһԨռ֪
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ڴʱյű򿪡λϽһŭ˭ôӾԴ
飡
һ޴ĺӰ棬ȻǱϫɱͷϬʬ塣
ϬϹѾɱˣöڤӦ˳ϫ֮֡
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ڳеŭ˲ʧǸ¶һĨ΢ЦУ֮һѾ߱µʸ
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΢΢ף㼴һ࣬ĮȻ
һοԺжˣδĻԻָտɴ
ϬϹҲ¼Ǹɱˣӵǳɳ˰ͼһ۵ϵʬ壬͸һ˿档
ڵϵܼæϹȻĿ棬ū۲죬СӲΪ߾磬һŸ幦Ҳѽ֮ɱӱسɴ󻼡
죿
һڳ֮޲¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ֮ͬУѹһߣ̳Уټ쾳ޣȴû˸Һӡ
ȥɱ
ͻȻڣʵüɱأǶԳϫĳɳΪųͷС
ķӦƺ˵Ԥ֮Уԣæ˵԰ꡣϫԨռҵĻԼѾ٣νҲ޿Ȣսġ
ףռӦǣԷϳϫΪԳϫΪۣռҼŴӦս޸ҵġ򽫳ɣٲȡж¾ˡ̸λδɵĻ£䵭Įڱֵһ㡣
˵ĲѾȷڤ˳ϫУȻˣȡжΪá
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32 ս
𰸺ܿ
Ŀ֮£һȹŮⲽ̬ƽⲽ롣
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ʱڳҲϳȹŮݣеļеľȣеȴüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ԩսλ岮ȹŮ΢΢һ߿߿˵
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ԨǰϽĺ֮أڣϽгƵʵֲĴ塢Ž̾ڴˡ
ڶУ԰˴šѧΪעĿЩʵ֮ǿ֮ۺһ˸޷ĵ
սϣϪĶϣԨеϼȻ̳ǳưԣսλԨ֮һСɲò㹻أ⣬ʵ͵̵Ĳ࣡

ս֣ҲʹϪ¥Ŀֲͼһ²ѡ
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չȻ̳ˣΪһȥɡڣкε¶ŨŨС
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ʵϫԼǼΪϲƷģϲԼʶкµķͼϲЩϸеķƹ켣
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ҹ罣Ҫ죬ٳ޷ͻơ֪΢֮ǰգϪϷܵأԼᶨиʲôʸȥأ
ڳΪһҶʦˣኳ϶ǳţͷʾǿҷԣ˵°ҹ߻ˣҵĳɳʵͷƢ䱩Ź֣Ըɰġ
ҹأżһ쾳޴ԳƤˣ磬ѲãȻսֱԪݽߣشԽе˴սȭڽ׵ءʯ롯֮ͬҲס֪΢ǿϲɺأخǰЦ˵һף

һҳҳȥ·𿴵Լʱϲŭ֣ϫ߲ɸһ˿Ц⡣
ףСӾȻЦ
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ǴɱϬõĴָУǧ龧ǰóٿ龧ኳϹⲿ罣
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Լúÿһ°ɣҲǿ㡣лᣬȥμһ´ʮһȵȣǰһԸ
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ϫҡҡͷŬɢԺвʵʵ뷨һſհ׵ֽдʲô
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خ֪ʱѳСУžƺ«˼ڣʵд𣿡
ϫһѱһвּֽŵ˹ȥ
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һ࣬ΪƪԲء
ڶ࣬似ƪȭ˺һԲ֮˲֪΢֮罣֪΢֮
࣬ƪ彣׷
࣬սϸ֮޵֣ȻԽսʤʲ
ͽ𣬼خҪÿһ³һʱ䣬ʡʵ仯ܽս顣
خ˵޿ޣ̸ʡԳɴ£
ϫϲֻܽᾭͷʡңȱݣһ;ߵøΪ̤ʵѸ١дʡֽţϧر׫ɲᣬ֮Ϊʡ¼
خգÿɷϱһ֣֮꣬
ϫùһһ㶡
֪У˵ΪصĴڣĪ⣬¿Է֪ʶؾ硣
Ļ֣ϽЩǿ̤ܹ֮Щֱ̤ϸ磬γɸ֪
в࣬ףΪȱ֮ɵġ
ûй֮޷ֻ֮Ϊ߶ߣҲˣнУһͳһ֪Ǿ쾳ʿӵи֪֮ϸʿӵͥʿӵ֮ϽΪʶ
ʶþ򵥣ҹµӡѾ֣ǿ󣬲ǿܷͬΪ似ϡ
خУ͵ǿ󣬾޿ôͰѴȭ˺һĵزͬģͽΪĿٽ޿ǿҲ޷á
ʵϫѴƷԼУԼʱخһ⣬˲éٿ֮С
ԺҪˡ
һϫ̧ͷһȴ˼خӰȻ⴫һ
ϫڤ֮ҪʼˣлҪ̸


33 Ԩӵ
ǶϪһϮɴյ߱¶⣬ڷ٣泯죬һֱ䴿С
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ĶϪϫɻѣ̳ǣ֪ڤһС
ʮɽУÿͻһƬΪӵռ䡣
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ǧ̽ѰǶڤҲµʶ
Ƭռȷû飬ȴһײѪɷޣʵкԲҡɷ޵У̲һɷı䲻֪;ΣֵȷʵΪˡ
ʿɷǰǧ֮Ĵڵؽǣһɷ龹Ȼһٿ龧ۣ
´̳ǣ˲䶯ǵڤٴγʱ̳ǼʿӵȥŹֵǣֻк쾳쾳ʿܰȻУʿһ̤ڤıԵᱻһεֹ
Ҳˣ̳ǸѧͼͬһͬڤĻ̳Щ߱쾳Ϊһ뵽С
һԻɷ飬ǻӵڤ֮УҲܹʿʵսɡ
ΪؼǣѧԻɷĶΪ׼ӵܣĿ߲ܹΪĵӣͨ޷ԴܻһʲƵĲƸ幤
лɷĿǰΪɷһ뺯ϽԨǳ֧
µ߻ʵֲ֮ĽϣҲ֮ߡȻ뺯ֻ뺯ҪԨǳ֧ҪּͨΪϿĿˣѶȱȲμһŵĿҲѶá
ڤɷ죬ݽߣɷڶ࣬ʱʱ̰̿սʿҪ棬Яʯҩ֮⣬
Ϫ䣬ѩʣһ˿˲ɵζ˵Ϊ˽ڤУΪ⿲ȡʳĺͳѰ׼ãҴȥˡ
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ϪȻϪ¥Ƹѧͽְ֮һ
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˵ţתߣøϫһ䡣
ˣһ˾һ˰ɣҲʶһڤʲôˡ
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Ϫ˵Ķԣû뿪̳֮ǰԾϪ¥һԱȻ˼ҵнˮȻӦóеӦְ
ΪҪǣ⼸չСУϰѵʳļֵ㹻ˣϪȴҪرóϫое㲻˼˵˵žָо

Ϫ¥ԺһֱǶϪչĳ£ѰһЩۣܹ̤С
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ľһ޳šӢ߹һӣʤѩ棬촽ţдһ˿ǧŮе΢Ц
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˵ϪܵļΪ򵥣Ԩǰ˴šѧЩڽͷβ÷з֣ϫû˵
Щϳ̶ȿ׷ݵǰԶ̳ϼǧļܹġ
ľ֮һԶľλڶľӵʱϫȻеЩ棬˳ӢֺãһԨҲܳɣ
Ϫƺе㲻װɣ
ļ̌һƳϫüͷ΢΢ƽȴһ˿˵ζʵڸ㲻ϪһѧͽǵС
׳ںŴңڶľУʦ˵˵ãɳվǳӣʻݵµһܸԼ˻һأ
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ȻϫźǣϪûôûľ󣬶һתָһ꣬ܵأԨϼ塣
سʵҲΪΣǸΪļһͷɣݣ۾΢΢ţɢ˼һ㣬бͥԺеһŴϣһ˯ӡ
ϪԼس߻ӻֹ֣Ϫ˵㣬˯ٺúġ˵˵ţԴһһģֽˡ
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뵽⣬ϫһ͵ʶһ飬Ҳһϼ壬ϪòǶӵܰɣ
ֿԺܴ
Ⱥ֣ϪԶľص̬ȣͬһˣֻԸвͬˡ
һͨͨѣȴԨǴӵܵĲ룬ѵлʲôܲɣ
ϫɻͻȻٵԼڤ֮ƺ򵥡
ϪҪһ𣿡
ϪԼľаŭȴһ̹ģü˵˵ɽݺᣬΣأһһһЩ޷ԤϵıʣǺ
ϫĬвһ̾ҪԼ߾ֱ˵ΪҪôǣǿЦɣЩӵҲ湻αġ
˵ˣϪޱ
ľɫһͣһɫϪҲΪ롣
˵ˣͳϪ޶ԣת뿪
ϫ״Ҳ֮ȥɲԸľһ˭֪һ֮»˵ôĻ
һǰһ߳ͥԺľ󴽱߳ŵ΢Ц˲ʧ٣ɫޱȡ
Ҳ߰ɡ˯ۣشŹ
ҲôŹСӵġľɫмһ仰ҵҪΪһۣϪҲҸҷ


34 β
ÿ꣬ڤ֮С
Ҫҵڤڣͱ봩޺еһƬƬɭ֣أмļ̾һĴνɱķΣء
ڤ򼴽֣̳ǷĽֵϵԱ֮ǰҪ˺üӵӵͬˮԵޱȡ
¹ǡӨǡɳǡƺϽгеʿгֱ֣ʢǰ
˭˵أҲ֪ؽģȻĬЩʿУ˵ģΪֵ˵ɷ飬εڤҲԲ̫ƽˡ
⵹Ҳ٣˵˺񲢲ǵΪɷƺҪڤѰʲôɶҲ֪Ǽ١
ɶУЦˣڤݽߣɷ죬ĸеĻѶߣ

һ·ϣڽͷβһַĹա
ڤͻֻ֣ʱǱҹȥ
ɽǰϪһͼһ鿴ɫ˵ҪСģҹɫеɽ޺УΪΣգҪġ
Ϫİɣ˵ʵϸҲɱԷľ΢΢һЦƽ˵һټ򵥲顣
ɱϸ
ϫһݣһ˵ִ󻰣ʵȻѽϸˣϪǸҲ
ǣϸʿǽȥڤ𣿻ӵбĽ뷽ɡ
漰һ˽ϫָ˲öʣֻðС
ҹɫ֣ǵ㡣
ոӣһһ㳯ɽӿȥԹƣ֮ࡣ
ףҲۻ˰ɣΪԨһżĶľ󣬾ȻҲˣ
ģ˾Ƕľ󣬾˵ӵϸǵΪпܳΪľϵһνӰˡ
ۣԭǣƵĶľ󣬹ȻôӢֱ̫˧ˣ

ڳϫ׼ɽ֮ʣԱϳ˶ľ˲һ֮̾
ľӢ¶һ˿ֵ΢ЦЩԨ˾ռߣҲʲôԵĶϪЦ벻ôͱϳˣЩ˻йĵġ
ȻģǾ͸Ͻ߰ɡϪ˵һѩΧһжȤ
ľһҡͷЦЦȴǰŭѣżСҲ̫ˣѵҪԼǿ
һֱ׷ϪǶϪ̫壬ԹַܶҲʧܸա
ӵܶԣҪƯŮһץһѣڶľЩŮ˶ӹ֬׷ۣԨܹģҲֻ˶ѣϵĶϪɾ֮һ
ϪվҲϻ쳣ΪҪǣǶżҼΨһŮȢܱ˹飬ܻöżҵ֧֣ڶľԣҪĽ
Ϊ˶żҵŮ͵ڵõϵ֧֣ƾľʮɵܵٶľϼ֮λ
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ֻле㲻ˬ߻һϫԹۡ
СֻڶЦԼɣ
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ҹɫԽԽŨͬɫī֭һɽ֮ϣԶԶģһֲ޺֮ƽһļµɱϢ
ԴĻһ·һֱ˯أҲ۾Ŀ⾼쳣
һ䣬ǵĺȣϪģһȺúһ١
дһƴϫ̧ȥȴľһ΢ЦؿԼղŵĻǳĿС
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ʱҲ֪˭˭ĺء
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Ϫûзԣһֱ˯ظڶߣϫҲܸɧĹӸͷ
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̾˿ĿƳһ۳ϫ㼴۾ٴ˯״̬
ޣ֪ôӦȰһȰҲᷢôˡϫһ޹˵
仰ľУͷаֲ䱩ࡣһ뵽ղŵĳ̬һ˿¶ϪУòһѪԵģһ϶ǹģúѣƫƫʱ˵ţһҪÿ
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ʱԶٴľļУ͸޾ŭ;֣ʲôµʵһ㡣


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ľӣ벻ڴ˵Ҳܼ

һ·ϣԶľʺ֮ڶԳϫһеĿ˻ȥľͷ֮ϽҲȻѰʿûǸȥǡ
ʱĶľ¶һĨе΢Ц͸㹻Ľƾͷҫ۵Ĺ⻷һ˼Ϊ˳һѵλá
ϫˣҲипƾôãЩ̹ϵļܹӴ񣬵ȷ˵
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ϫֱһϪҪԵ㶫𣿡
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Ҫ֪ϫֻǸԼߵһݱĳӣǱƽ۽ѡ
ʱϫ⿷ˣľ󲻽ʼڴһʱ飬һܲܰɣ
Ȼľʧǣ˵ΧʱͶ졢ɻ󡢻ȻĵĿ⣬Ϊ˵ĳϫɫȴʼնûб
ãһϰƵİాˣ˵˿˿ʹľζƮɢܡ
࡭࡭
һƬӽеʿ쾳ң޷ϸʿٹȴҲЯиģŵʳζ㣬˵ѣӶӦ
ľӹȻǳ˿ɱȣлʦ۰
ǿɲǣֻ㣬;֪λжҶʦˮ׼

ľԣ泩ɫֵһɫͲڸϣȻԸʢࡣ
ϫһںȣԺûˡ
ȷûˣϪʢһ룬Լʢһ룬ֱͶ̥һʢȥһ룬Ѿεøɸɾ
ľͷ˿׼õĲͲֿ˿յķɫòޱȡ
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ȻԼģζŴڳҲɢӣȷϪ׵
˿ûΪԼǻ˼ζζľɫѿ
ףǡ
ʱȺһ궯еĿԳԶȥ
Ϫ̧ͷ˿ջĿ⣬ɫƽ˵ԭռѾͷҾ֪˴εĻԵ
ռң
ϫжȻ𣬻Ȼ̧ͷ


36 
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һʣϫлķŭͳ˲ȼ
꣬ռʮλͥʿ̳棬˺ռСԼԼĳĿ
ǵãռЩͥʿļͳЦ
ǵãһֽԼ˺мʱүү¶ʹ;֮ɫ
ǰүүڳ֮⣬ܵܳϫóǸϫƶϳɱүүֻ֮ˣĻ׾ռҡ
ϫ֪еԭ򣬵֪үүռУ⣬Ѿ㹻ˣ
ôˣϪزϫϢ궯
ϫһǹĺѹҡҡͷ
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ˢ
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ߣֹƯչΪҲΪ˵ãڸƵԨӱһٶԨ˫Ĺڣ

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İɣЩϸʿͷǵЩɷ飿ǵĿĿ϶÷зĽɶ㲻ǣҲȻΪĶ϶Ϊɷ顣

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֣ҲȥŰɣڤŻһӾͽ֡УսԱ΢΢ףƽˮĿ⳯·ɨȥܿѰҵĿ꣬׺ףȻ·ȥ
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˿̣ϥصĳϫɳĿĽ㡣


37 ڤ
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˵ţ°ͣһ޳֣һץԭһУضһͷˮͰϸĺɫ
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ϫܣֻźһǦɫƣ͸һɰ֮ɫ澡ʯɳķХɳ裬ɢԶǾͷ


38 ڤɷ
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ɷޱһȻء
Щɷ޽ɷ۶ɣνǲֻ֮ͷ­ȡ̺ɷ飬ɷ޲Żɥʧսɷɢ
Ϫһǰһ߽ͣһߴɷʬͷ­һö뵰Сĺɫӡ
ƣⶫûãţȥʱԻЩԪʯϪְɷ׸ϫ
ϫӹɷ飬һ͵ط֣ϪԼ̬Ⱥ仯࣬һ˿޵չˡ
߰ɣڤвܷУǵĿ껹Զһڸϵ˷ѵõĻᡣ
ȳϫϸϸζ֡չˡԭ򣬶Ϫ㼴̧Զȥ
ɨǣˣǧŶľСƵƳһ۳ϫϷһЦһݣ˫棬Ӱسǰȥ
Ҫ·һ˯״ֻ̬˵ĺһӰһƮһƮظںߣƻȴǽڶĺߣ档
ϫԥʩչ֪΢˲żһ棬ڳŽʱӾѾͬ˷һӳȥʮԶ̸ϺÿȴΪʡԪ
ڤеöǦɫģɳХؼһ㴵ɢм·
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ϫҲһѽѽ̣ͨзΪ彣Сݱչʱኳģͬǲ罣㻨ȥǧ龧ɱͷ˫Ϭʱǧ龧ֻﵽƷˮ׼ġ彣
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Ҳ֪ɷԪʯ˵ֻдչˣԼҪɷһԪʯɾе鷳ˡ
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ΪҪǣڤɷֿɷϫȾԵºԥشӦ
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ϪʵڿȥˣͷƳһۣöľδı͡
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СС
ľͫȻ󣬽һĲԵ
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ľͣȴǲ֪Ӻ˵Ϊ֣ڳϫǸɶļһǰԼû


39 Ѫɽ
ڤ򾿾ж
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Ϣһ£һʱ䣬Ǿͽ߳Ƭ뵽Ѫɽء
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дһ˿أڶϪϼΪټɼѪɽصΣգҲеܼ֡
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ҪѼɷ顣
һ·˵Ѽǧɷ飬⻹ԶԶռخ˵Ҫȡʮɷڤɷһ֡
ʮɷ飬ζűɱʮͷɷޣǸ˸е֡ϫò׽ڤһΣѼ㹻ڤɷģ
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ţе㲻Ծ
󺺸һϳϫ侲۾ֻһĪľ´Ӽ׵ٿȻӿȫ


40 ɱ
̳պյһͷĿΪֻԲ磬ƾƻԸ񣬵һֱ񣬻üΪ
ؼڣӲŴӵܣֻɱЩ޵λĵײɢޡ
ǰμӹڤڤһָƣ֪Ѫɽؽӵĵطػνнɱܻ쳣Ļرطķȥɱɷȡɷ顣
ҪǣнɱֻҪСһ㣬ȫصԼݻᱻй¶ȥЩӵˣǵʦŶΪɷ޵ĿУỳɵԼϡ
˼˴ڤҲʮ쾳²УΪ˱ǴɱһƱ
ʵҲȷ룬̶̼ʱǱѽɱ˼ʮжʿ˴ɷ顣
ûбʤͷԣɽѡ񵥶жʿΪɱĿꡣ
Ȼ˿̣ȴ͵ط֣жļһһģ꣬ʱҲһ׸ĳ
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Ӷ֣ϫ¶侲ɱ֮ɫֻһ˲䣬Ȼһ˲ȴǿҵظоһɼΣյĸоɣҽ͵һ̤棬ɷšٳһԾȥ
ȻѾˡ
ˢ
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һ˲䣬ЩѪĵУǸֽ꣬һ˲һͷСһǿߣǸеļ¡
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ˣһڵ˱ȫߣ
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Ӵ˿̿ʼǽ̤ѪɽأΣպɱ¾ʼҪСġ
ѩ𣬶ϪԶѪɫһУɫһƬء


41 Ѫ
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˾棬Ϫɫƽ˯۷ԺϫЩٵʿо
ЩСһһ𣿾Ȼһ۽һƳϪԹۣ΢΢һ
ҡ⣡
ڿһ֮ʣһȻ𣬻عʱֻǧٵƥĽԼܣɷ֮

һܼըĽȻΧʿУϡ
һ֮ѵһ׷
ڣЩΧ£ʿ¶֮ɫ޾Ŀ־庮ӿȫᣬӵ׷ѵЩŴĺĵӣ
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ۡ
һѪɽ꼫ͬﻹûŪ׶ľݣֻǰһۣλѳһѪͫףȻء
Ϊѧ˼ҽٵǿЦ֮ľмҡҡͷתҲʬһۣԸ˭ɨսˡ
ϫ첽ǰַؿʼѼЩʿϵɷ顣
ӽѪɽأǱһȺȺ۵ʿ٣Щʿ֯ŸɣĿ޷Ϊϵɷ顣
ľȻӲܡ
ȻҪΪڶϪǰչȺǿʵЩ˽Աһ˹óϫ˶֣һ˵ǹƥսƾҴƷ似е׷̺罣ȫеˣǳһѷͷ
ЩΪĽɫ˵ûһҲǼΪˡ
ľӲмڴϷƣսͽ˳ϫΪɷ飬Ϊеڤɷϫûȥܾεɨѹ˲Ƶַ
⴦ϿΪѪһ׵ĳǳؿЪϢҪӿ첽ǰϵҹɫ٣ڰɷȺ׷׳ŰƬصÿһϣΪٸߣҲᱻûɷ޺УΪɲ
Ϫ˿ͼϫɨսû˿Ͽȥ
ﻹгУ·ϣϫסʵ
ڤѾнʷΪ˶ȹѪɽؿֲҹǧǰʿһ𣬹ͬһӪأʿɡӹ̡󣬾γĳС
ԭˡ
ϫͷɱɷޱȻҪԪڤݽߣɷ죬ԪҪЯԪʯҩҪȫĻʱȥȡеĳɺܺý⡣
һ·޻ܿϫ˱㴩ǧﳤϿȣһƽԭ
ڴ;УϫһҲһЩʿ˫һ棬ȳϫӦЩʿԶԶ㿪羪֮һ͸ŨŨľ䱸֮ɫ
ߵʿĽɱͶսʵҲǼΪ˵ãǰзҲΪСôʿ£һҲ֪᲻ɱ¾֮·
ϫĬĬ£ȴһ㶼ڶϪĴ£ֱ˽һʱڿڼԶĵطһе
ѪɽصһѪǣ㣬˴ξۼʿǧ֮ЩʿԲͬطӣǽȥ֮ҪСġ
ɢŹϲɣζĳУϪ΢΢һѴ˳ϫ˵ĶС
ϫ΢΢ͷ˵ĵطʹڶ˴˶Ϊ˻ȡɷ飬һͻǲݵľ档
ϫҲһУڵʵϸʿҲܹȫˣοΪڤΪߵҲֻԲѡ
ܿ죬˱Ѫǰ
ĳвͬѪһǡ֣Сȴһ߽࣬ɵļӲǽΧ£棬ֻλһ˳š
˿̣ǰȴӵ²ǰǷִʿڴפԹۡ
Ҫʲôɱ𣿡
һŭȺڴϫԲһһﾹȻҲѪˡ
ǰһϫȻλãǿˡҶѧ½ٴϡϺͶӢ
ʱ˽һŭĿȴɵ֮ɫ
ҲǣڳϫμʱǲֻкԲΪ£½쾳ҲѽϸĶ֡
ߣѵǰ飿ǲҴ£ʹʧһر˵һŹ𣿡ȻЦ
ƻҵĴ£Ī˵ǺܼңȳҪ׼Ʒ飿ʱҰ½ٴ˻ЩƷ뿪ڽ̳Ǻ󣬱ҷˡ
ϫԺ͵һô£һŭ𣬴Լȴ½ٴܵǣҵֶҲ̫޳ܱˣ
Ȼ޻˵
ڳϫ˼֮ʣ͵̤ǰһ΢΢һ߬ӿһĨɱ
Ǿɣ
νǰХķâ⣬ε룬գ½ٴ˵ͷȥ
Ԫۣâ˿˿룬ĽҲ֪΢磬ֻ̳һǧɭϣ˲½ٴ˵·
½ٴȻû뵽˺˵ֱ㶯֣˲䱻˸ֲĵâ˶ܡ
ѵ
֮ʣԺ븡ͬһͷ


42 ϫķŭ
ѪǽѪɽ֮һС
ڤĵһ죬ֻҪ߳ʿ೯ѪǸ
ΪѪΨһһţ˿ӵ˴ʿ
ѡڴս赲˵Ľ·˿ȴںĹԣʿҲ⣬˿̽վԶԶģԹۡ
һʣǧɭϽ˲һ޵Ŀ⣬˶Ϊһ֮£ѱɵĺҶѧĵӣؽѪ
¶Ŀõģ
ˣ
ڴʱһͬȻһĨӰս֣гӺȻϯ

һܼĵĴ̶ܣ漴˱㿴һ̳âԷɢ١½ٴǰȻһ˾εꡣ
ҲݣԭΪɱһȴϤкϷˣ
ףôǳϫɨǣʲôʱôˣ
ɨ̳ǵһϵĳӣǰƹضϸ磬ܹڤ̷˷ԪһƷɼˣҲܹŰɱԲʿ˵ɨǲʲô

ʲô
ΧľüųеĳϫɵĳȥˣĪǻͿΪˣ
Ϫû˵Ҳɻ
ŵȳ嵨ϫĺóԣĳҲãһӶġһֱڰ˯״̬ش˿ȴǾӣųϫһԵ̾
ԣϪͶľһĬС
𣿿ǣһ£ΪʲôҪô
˶ǿԼ˼ʹϵʱܹһ˲һеΪѸ⣬γһ£
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˿ԴϾעܡ
½ٴѾ˳ս֣ٴξһĳϫ˷Էθĸм֪˿ڳУֻϫģս
Ѿϫֲ⣬Լ»ҲһҪڳϫǰΪӮһ˿ĻᡣΪϫֵô
ԭһץչ񵹺ãԼˣǸһϲ
һĮϫĿ綢һгһ̧ңңָϫƣ׷㣬ɸһս
һ仰ĽԸ쾡£Χ˵һȲʡ
ս
Ⱥ˸
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Χʿеļ˲䱻ȼ׷״ȳԶʿ׷ײĿհ಻סк棬׷׸
кβңϫһ˵
仰䣬ΧʱʧֻʣķһɳƽŵȻɢܣţ
˫ŵĿҩζеԹ߶˷ĿˢˢͶϣһգգƺ´һ˿ϸڡ
ҳӣʳȺǾѣѽϸ磬̳һо֮һϫ䱻һ²ãҲ޹ؽҪ飬ڴʵı֡
ϸ簡
ڳʵ쾳£ϸʿսֶɳ棬֪һѵѧϰᣬƽʱûлῴ

Ȼսһ֮ʣһ񾲵ڳǽڳһʲôʱ֣Ҳ̫û˰ɣ̧ͷһеĲ˲䲻ɡ
ֻһɴŮڳǽ֮ϣĵڰɫһ˵Ĺ󣬺ȻǸԨռҵ֮Ůս
սԱǲԱΪСħ꣬ڳǽ֮ϣüۺɷһδϰԵ͵Ϣȴκ˶޷
˽ϽԨĺӵܣ֮£ݵλΪˮ׼ܹġʱս˼Ҳ޿κΡ
սһ仰ȴµȼڳе顣
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սĿЦ۲ת˵ʳϫǷͬ⣬ԹˣҾòã
˵ʵҲ˵ϫʵҲ˾ˡղųϫȻɹоȳ½ٴˣǳ䲻͵Ϯ֣ȥսĶ֣
ʤѴ¿ȷ£ҪһЩͷԶһˣҲ˵ϡ
ǵսͻȻʱЩΨ²ҵļһȴ޲ɤӺã
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սһ仰ϫﻢµľءʱ϶ᱻϵСųͷڳ˿ҲӦ
ΪҪǣ˶֪ϫʱս˻£˵ԼѾȥϵġδޡ飬ϫڸˣһųܹ˼մС㣿Լ˺Ҳռٰ֮
ͷʲôϫųǽϵսк޸ɫʣĮȻͬĻ
ܼ򵥣ˣڤԷΪҵǸ֮ĻԼ˺ȫĴڳϫ䣬սɴƺá
ڤ
ۣȺʮɫȻһеĳϫĿһĨ޷̰֮ɫ
ڤ벻ϫоȻҲһ顭Ҳ̫񶾣ôҪǰݺϫһ
ϪüһϫȴɫĮȻɣġ
ϫȷһöڤ˫Ϭеõģһֱ˽书Чʱעȴϱߡ
еսһʱ׻
ԼʱһĻĻӿͷռʿмүүʹҵաΧ˵ĴЦзƮĻƬ
ȴôΪϧ֮棬ҪһжҵĴ
ս仰ÿֶشϫĶ䣬ݺݴϣֻӺһըѪӿбһԽԽǿңǿҵÿë׶ŵñѡ
˿̣վڳǽϵǸŮϫһְǿҳ嶯
ǣıȴ쳣ƽƽûһ˿ûһ˿һ̶ˮ˫ӿնңһ˿
⣬һףԼŭˣ׵ķŭˣΪû֪Լ˫նӺصǺεǿҵŭɱ
ĬĬ˰ϫڡ
ͳһļµҴӦͬҲ
˵˵֮޻ԼֻҪ̫֣ҶԴӦŶսһЦĵȾ޷飬ò
ģʵش⣬٣Ǵ֮ϫһһٵɫƽ˵һص顣


43 ս
⣿
ϫڳ˶һͷˮ˼֮˾ڲ²⣬ѵС˼չһЩ˽⣿
󵨣ǶϷչݺεѵʲôҪشʲôδ̫ˣ
ǽϣԱȻŭűһɿֲƳȫ綬ĺͻȻ١
ɰԵ׺ݵѹ£ڳ޲ɫ䣬һЩʵԲһֱӵ棬ֳһƬҡ
Ա˫ĿųϫɱȻ
ôôڷ籩ĵĳϫȻƽ糣ƽĮһ˿ɫʡ
ȼ֣κθɫʣȴսеϫǿޱȵļ
ս˻ֹ֣ߵĲԱãҴӦ㣬ҿעʵ֡
˵գĿͶ֣һսͽˣǧҪʧ
ɡ
һЦüɱԣһսʤܸõòսģԣѾƴҲҪݺϫһ٣
ϪϫΪΣȺУľüʵΪһԳϫһµʶԴǼ޲м֮ɫ
Ϫҡͷֻ֪쾳ΪʵΣȴǲ
쾳磿ǳˣ
ľϸΪϸʿֶȻ쳣ΪԲ磬ҲԲǳϫܹ⡣ǾϵĲ࣬޷ֲ
ǿ˵ϫɲǼ򵥵쾳ʿĿԴɡЦϫĿдһ˿ɫʡ
ϪͶľԾɵؿһۣû뵽ػԳϫ˸ߵۡ
˿̣ڳû˭˵ס˭֪ʼⳡսѾͬ
ϫޱ顣
ղſ˵ǲǸˡ
ϫڼѹڵŭͷԴʱ侲ĳ棬һʮֵ״̬¾֮쾳ǿڣѪҺһ񾭣ҪȼһһŨŨĿ
йսս⣡
ܵʶ̼֮ܵһڷŰ类һŻŵĺԲһж˺¶طһС
ϪȻ֣ϫնĮȻУȻһĨʣһ⴩ǰŨŨĺڰţһ˲䣬Щڳϫл۳һƬӿ𺣡
䣡
ѹʮίͺ⻯ļµս⣬ޱͷų˵ԳϫΪģϯأ
һ̣ϫͺһڷâ¶ıֱ춼Ҫ̸
վڳϫɫһܹܵϫǹɷޱȵս⣬Լǲη⺷ƣ
һҪ𣿿ϧ̫˵㡭
սƽէ֣裬ȫתΧ֮ڵĿ˲䱻ӿֵĿֲƽҳһƬ
ս죬ɱŰ˵ĶޱȣԹ޲һ۾Ψִһ˿ϸڡ
ȷֻż棬һ̣ͻȻ׵سڰգƽǧӰٿȻͬһֱ£
ͣ
Ľâӹ˺ƿ̶ļХԽԽ߿׺䡣
ǧ׶Ⱥһס
ǧ׶Ʒ似ɺ׽䡷ɱ֮һѾ˻似ֱ֪΢زһʩչǧâһХ糱ƺȺٶ֮죬֮Ҳǳ
һԣҲֻпԶݿշеϸʿ侫⣡
˭Ҳû뵽һ֣ǴɱУе𾪵ͬʱɿʼΪϫ
֪΢زĽСӿ
ϫûж㣬̧ͷ˫սɲǼ峺͸ӳս֡
Ӵ֣֮ز׽֮б仯˲䣬㱻һ˿Ȼһ
֮У
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彣һ־˵Ƶ趯лԲĽջһâС
зתϸܼı
ʱǧâһƿն
һɱ֮һţǺͬϸʿҲӲԼһУ˿̲㲻ܵĳϫɾ

Ȼ벻ǣǧâһһײϫǰĽУҲ޷ǰȻ㿴ϫǰԲγɵĽжȻתĥ̿ԼϵĳǧâȻһ㣬ۿɼٶڻ
Уʲôһæ齣󳷡
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Ȼ齣һɲǣϫǰתĽȻһ٣һը
ս¡¡飬һƵıɻԲγɵĽȺ󳷵Ӷȥ

еƽʩչˮܣסǵضûˣȴΪܵϵĳǱ˵ʮ֮⡣
ôܣǧ׶ȻСӲˣ
ɨʲôʱôˣǿ֪΢زɱаСѵһֱԼʵ
ʣԭһ֮ڸϫһȴϷϫʮɣɶˡ

һ֮䣬ϫսڳ˶е˼飬ϫĿдɻ󡢾桢ȻȻû뵽ذɵļһᱬ͵ս
ǡ罣
ľе㲻ȷΪϫʩչһУ磬Ϻȴһ¥ٲȻƷ似ĳΡ
Ҳ񡣡ϪղһĻҲеΪɻ
˲֪ϫڹ罣֮󣬾خɣ̥ǣʽΪԼֱӣȴǳʼαǡ
ġ罣ϵĲͬӦиʽ䲻ͬȴ䣬Ϊ˲á
Ŀƣ̾Ҳ֪λ˾˭˵ȻΪֶΣҲֻе׵Ĵ߲Ϊ֮
ԣϪͶľһۣԸеЩţѵڳϫ󣬻վһλͨǿߣ
Ľ֪΢زȴϫǸһ֮ƵǱ֣ɿа
ǽϣսɫ˪мȾڳϫս֮ǿֶʧָеһ˿ŭ
ˣСӵĽҲ֪΢أ˿⧲֮£ŻᱻƵǱ
Աһ˵Ҳ뵣ģ˵ڤ޷ϸƣԪԼװϣҲСܹġ
սͷٶ˵
СˡվȽŲ䶢ʮĳϫһ֮䣬һưܼķˣԸеһĪĳ衣
˿Χ˽ɫһŭٿȻӿǻϵٴαǣ
Х
ȫԪĵڵεͷųԼɱһ֤֮֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡


44 Ͻ
ˢ
䣬ӰԾûһӰٶȴﵽһزγɵӾ
ܿ죡
еһȣƮѲϸĽâ鲼ȫ²ƴһööʸ
Ʒ磬磬Ȼ洫ѧӷӰ
н磬˵Ϲ򵽲ͬƷ׵ĹһЩƷǻԪʯҲѹ򵽵ġ
šԹ񴫳ĸֹѧǺĵӸ޷ȥĦˡЩżżΪɭϵĹأй¶ѧߣ߷ϳΪֱĨɱ
ʵܼ򵥣κżԣڣй¶УԻٸ
˿̣ʩչıԼ洫һϸŻ֪΢˺һƷ쳣
ݣݣݣ
̤ӷӰؽӰ֮Уһͷȫ̵Ĵ⬣һźĽâ
̫죬ΧųϫߣЩâգ켣Եõ֮ƴ˷ϫʺ˫ĿࡢСԡ󱳣Ѱѳϫһӡ
Ҫѹô
ϫĮȻնͫһ˿âżһ㣬͵ش˳ȥͬʱֽ֫һҡŤתƹŹֵسԶȥ
ǵ޿ײĽâһﲻ֪ȴҪǰ壬ѵҪˣ
̲סгȻ䣬͵ط֣ϫǰʱ̬ȻŹֳªȴܾ׼ӿЩâķһڷ֮ŲԾ·Ȼ˺ѳһģɻȴûյκ˺
ǡ˲
ľȻһڣıоһԼôˣʧֱ̬ûɵñһ
ϫʩչһֺĹľҲʧ̬ϾĽӵнǧڵʿǧѧȻҲǷǺӣʤöЩߣҲȫй
ľ֮ʧ̬ڳϫʩչġ罣Լõġ˲϶򵽵ͨƫƫϫʩչ֮Ϻ;費׻˸ģǱ࣬ٲȻѲɫһЩƷ似£ľ㶼Լ۾ʧ̬ҲͲɱˡ
Ϫľͬɻ󣬲ȴסΪ֪ԱߵһԼһĴ𰸵ġ
ȻڿϫʩչĿȫǵ˲֮۾˷ֹС϶һλͨǿߣܰ˲һƷףҲ̫ˡ

ϵ·ٴα˺ѵ䣬ϫȴɫ֪΢˲ʩչ£֮ӷӰй֮޲
һĲҲ
ٴһһҧƽĽâܼܼͬĴһ㣬򲻶Ͽĳϫֶȥ
顭
ĽâϫѹȻһЩʵ޷㿪Ľâֵ彣糤۾һ̡Ĩնѿǰһâ׼顣
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ϫÿһڳб㲻һѺȴԽԽ𾪣ϫĿҲһ˿塢𾴡
֪ǰâ꣬ȴԾУȷܰ׳գȷ޴Ϊ̫ķУɲذԼ˾Ȼֽư׳յоĿԽԽηļƣ˭ܲ̾
ΣˣҪҪҳԱüʵ
ãûʱ̡սҧҧ촽˵˵ĿУȴ͸ŨŨʧĮ
ϫܽâ̬ܳªȴǼΪᶨ콣âΧһűǰеĿɮɫϲ˫ĮȻ
ôܣֻһķһֻƷķͽʵ
ŲϱƽĳϫԽԽ꣬սˣδֳʤľѾȫԤϡ
һﾹȻԼɱѽѷ֣
չôԼڳֻôԼ
ڤôΪˣɱˣ
һɱŰǻڣѾˡ
ȻʱһɼΣյĸоӿͷëȻȻǹɱѹȻͿһŷĽͫпĽƴϢ

һ˹ıȣٿȻ˺
Ȼһ
ϫе彣ƹ֮˺һɲǣֱġ
飡
⸦һأƴһְ壬һĽ
ڼ׷
ϫ΢΢һ
ʱ͵ػƽݺն£ϫе彣˲䱻նϳء
ϫһδ˵۵Ŀֱֲ׷ɳʮ⣬Ǳ棬ǿûе
ⷬ仯գ֮䡣
ȻݣھĶǵı仯Ծڳ˿ĳ˺
ॣ
Ͻ棬һ죬γһ㣬һɫһƬ
ûдڼ׷ڸղһ˲У˳ϫ£

ɨѡϫȻƺʤһսֱ󰡣
Խս𣿲ԣڤʱҲԲ磬ˣϫܹսʤҲδ̫˲ˡ

ը˹ڳ˶㷢Լĸܣ̸֮䣬޲ԳϫĿ࿴Щ̳ǵʿȻı˶Գϫĳƺ
ϧǰѽֻƷһ׷㲻Ҳشľ죬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ϫѾҵˣԭֻʦ˭֪ȴΪѽ֪΢زԾǷԨһУҲٮٮˡ
Ϫ̾һ䣬漴ü΢壬˵ϫֻһѽĴͻòˡ
ûпڣɢһͷһգգضųеĳϫ۾͸һ˿ڴ
ʵȷҵϣĻܽҵ壿Ȼڡ
ȷˣĻȫƾϸֶΣУϫҲϸ磬½Ƕ
ɲҵĶ֣ΪӵбӴԪķ㡭
˿ϫеĶϽоǲм֮ɫѽΨһɣѱȥ㻹ʩչ
ԣ۷׷׵ͣĬ
ǰսսҪƴΪҪ似ʶıԡȵء
ƶĳϫΪܹأҳӣӵе֮װ֮ȫǳϫܹģ
ॣ
ϫֶϽĮȻʮɱ㣬һȭͷӣ


45 
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ͻȻоеЦʱ򣬶ǸﾹȻţǻȻûаԼﰡ
𣬳ϫҪһȭͷ
ȷ˵ġ
ʧܵ𣿲ܾóϫǰţ˰

ϫ׵жϽҪһȭڳ˶еһȭͷӲֵܵù
ǡ
˼֮͵뵽һֿܣȻеĳϫ
ڸղŵֿâʱ򣬳ϫѾ䣬ȫ¶ڿУϸһ۲ͿԷ֣εȴֲһǷļ⣬ͬ䵶̵ĵӲзʰĹ󣬷·̲űը
գǿǣĮ飬߽һ𣬸ǿҵӾ
ħ
ˢ
ףһ̣ϫʧԭأֻǰһһֻȭͷҫ۳ĿĹâ˺ҰͻȻǰ
ţ
ͫ͵ţϫϮȭͷգһȦȦĲƣ۵һֿµĳ̶Ȳγɵ
ҵʶأұƽڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣӭȭͷȫ̳
飡
ȭݺײһûԤϵѪɽϫȭͷͭһϽ꽻
ţţţ
ɫò
ħ
ղţϫһ˳ʮɣ˿ֱ̣ϫһȭ˳Զ
һĻ˿ϫĿ֮࣬Ȼøһصʵ̫ˣԴﵽ֪΢زΪ˵ãϴﵽ˹磬ǸЦɨ־Ŷٵƣ
һﾹѪ֮ҵƽһΪлҪߡҵҪȭͷӲҵĽ
һҧεͬӣźȻ׺ݵϢϫնɱȥ
飡
̶Ƶײȭͷ뽣ײ磬ɽĽâƵ棬˺ѳһĿľѺۣȴ޷ڳϫʰǿһ˿˺ۡ
˿̵ĳϫ״ħöȭͷͬ°кµĹһֺηĿ̬ؽٽ
ǿȷǡս⡢Լȭڳ˶һĿɿڴ
һȭҲ˵ǳֿȭޣһһҲ˺˵ģ
һööȭͷХ˳ûоͷԽԽǱԽջԳϫֹȭͷֻмܵķݶǻ֣ҲᱻϫӲӲһ
Ҳɱﵣ㻹Ϊû취ˣ
Ƭ̺ٴε³ϫһȭҲ޷ֱľ棬Գһչˢɺչһ㣬ƮƮģȭȥ
ҪɱڳһĿƵ
ˣ
ȻʱϫĮȻͫ绮䣡һ壬ȫĵһ糱ʮ룬һֱǰһ˿ӦĻᡣ
˻
ֻоܵĿӲѹȥһʹȭͷͬŵڵȻĪŭХͫһȻ

ԹУ类֮סɫýϣҪըüΪѣĻᶼûˡ
꣡
ϫȭΪצסգĺǷһϸ΢Ķ۵ͽϵնȻŤ
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һһʼõķһ̳ǴЦɨǣ˿ȴһ𾪣ֽϮûǰһʵġ
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ǽϣսϵЦʧ٣һﾡǾ㵺Ͳ⣬ȴǶʧͷŭ
˵棬ԼҪϫҪԷΪҪԼǸȻ˿̡ųϫһһİƣݺݳϣ澡ʧ
ĸ꣬Եо֮ʵʵΪԱҡҡͷмĴͬ顣
˺һĴȭϫʤط֮ǰô»ָģ
ҾӦøúøһ¹ϵΪԨҲǲľϫĿ⣬Ѵһ˿塣
Ϫû˵Өӣȴһ˿ĪЦ⣬Ȼϫܹȡ壬ҲǼΪĵġ
Ӯˣ
ϫǰӮˣ
Ҿ֪ϫǰһУ
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ǵģĿ£˭޷ϵʵսҲڴ˿̲ˡ
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ϲֱƴмһ͸һŨŨвͲʣȻ֡ϲŭ˼¡
ϫû˵ǶͫĮȻһƬ
ֵһѾϡϱռ˺Ƥ˴ЭءܵܳѾɿսϰȥϽ⣬˿Ѿƽ£˿̿Լһˣ޹˼ɣֺξսԴǼ͸¶в֮⣿
˵⣬Һ»̲סɱ㣡սϫĳĬָ̬һ
ڳԣ׷ױ֧ͣ䣬ϪҲϫҪϫ⡣
үүǲǳռҵ⣿ϫһһٵ·ʳ⣬ޱȡ
ˣ
սаһ̾Ѳµϫʳ⣬Ȼȴòʵشԭġ
ɵʿΥģɻ⵽ϿͷΪϣɢ
սȻûеսϣĬΣޱ
⣡
ڳһݣռΪ֮һ˺ϫĻԼ޿ɺǣǲŰ˼׺Ǿδ̫˵ɣ
ϫѲµ𰸣ս׿ڳϣԾͷѹõĳ޺ͷŭһڲݡ
ռǲŵңֻҪҺүү̳ܵǣүͳЦʹţֱԼԼʹӦ£
һʳڶ⡣
һֱһöһڳϫͷүүϮգܵܳһöֵˣϫҲܻһлɵҺռϡע1
Ȼ
⣬ڳ˲㲻ԼĶ䣬ʵϫ˵ɨǡͷ񲻾ռҺƳģ

սɫԽԽ䣬Ŀ֮£ȥ׿ڳԼ飬еޱȵѿ
Ȼģ
Щ̳ǵʿһЩϫܵļЦͳͷһ󷢺ɱ˲ͷأַҪ˻ĥֶҲ̫ˣ
ΧȺϵıľ֮ɫսɫѿ

ϫҪƲסзڵĳޣһǿ԰סɼߵĳ嶯ٴʵΪʲôҪô
ռҳǵһ¾飬ԭҲ֪
սǿĵѿش⣬ĿȻڳϫϣ纮شˣɣһǷȰһ䣬Сĵ㣬ĪڤС
˵գսҲԸڴ˶Ƭ̣תʧڳǽϡսһߣԱҲ֮뿪Ƕ˳ϫе

ϫһ˦ɳȥڼʮĵϡ
㡭ҵţǱشӵɫԹؿ˳ϫһۣ㼴ͷѪڡ
ţͷȴ䵽³ǿ̾ľҡͷ̾Ϣ
ΪβɱϪ̧ͷǰ˹Ŀ࿴꣬˵
ھɱ̫ˡ
ϫӴָóһ·ϣڴȴֲһ䣺һ죬Ҫ棬Ϊүүѩޣ
Ŷ߰ɣȽϢһ¡Ϫٶʣ̧ͷ˿ɫ㼴ͷѪǴš
ѪսҹĻҪ٣ѪɽУҲӭΪյʱ̡
û˸ҹɫеѪɽжʿԼӿŲӿѪǡ
¡¡
ҹɫǵذϮʱѪǺؼӲĽźȻرգӴ˿ֱǰŽٿ
ơơơ
ԶԶأһ˻֮쳹ɿؼ䣬ҹɫԵÿɲ֮


46 ڤ
Ѫռ֮ң۴αȵر鲼ʯݣʮ˾סڴˡ
ѪڲŲһټЩݽ֮أÿ˾һס
ʵȴˣѪУԱܿɷȺʿ֮ɱȴ޿ɱ֮¡
û취ɷļֵ̫ߣƥﻳѪɽڣʲô鶼ܷ
ΪΣ룬˽ѡ£һЩǿ߸ķڣһɱ֮ʱ˶ӣò˭Ҳұ֤᲻벶ȸںĳ
ϫ˽Ѫǣһ·龰ҲΪ֡
˴ڤܱͬ˹ΪǿߵģȻϸʿɣΪ쾳磬϶ԣΪѴ۷С
·һٶʿۼķǰϪϫ͵㿴ϸʿӦϽϼ֮ˣϢǿʵֻ߲͡
ϫ̧ȥֻһʯǰŻʿڶ̸Цһ꣬һߣԼŮ˽ϳۣŻ裬ϼƵľͼ
ҲΪ˽ɶ
ϫһȣֱʱףսˣ˶ϸʿǰֿɼɶ֮
ǵȻϼڲΪǣԨǰ˴šѧԼҵȳ壬ϼҲһСˡ
ľ٩٩̸ԴǼ͸һŨŨԽУֹӸĽԣǺѸĵġ
Զϼʿʱͣס˽̸ɫϫˣƺϳ˶ľ˵ݣŭȴûжֵ˼
Ͻ߰ɡϪ˶ľһۣתȥ
Ѫ룬ֱʯܵͰʯһȣȺһ㣬Ե쳣
ϫǣʯڣɢһɹǿϢЩϢÿһڶϪľˣй֮
ʱʯԱߣۼǧʿȥǺѹѹͷԴ˿ɼʯ̾ʿʵ֮ǿᣬȻѵõڳ˵ͬγ˻𱬵ľ档
ϫһˣڳתһȦ֮󣬱ھĲԶĵطѰһ޴ʯݣªռȴĸ˴´ࡣ
λҹ䲻õɷȺţǵСĽһЩǳϫѰս׵òҪ뿪ߡʯݣϢƬ֮󣬶Ϫ㼴
ϫ⿷ʳԵ˵ͷ
һսӮԪҲļָ״̬ҲжжϪڣҪȫһЩ
ˣӵһöڤľǰųϫʵ
һͷϬеõġϫϸһܼңνЩıƷǣֱնɱϸľ
ǰϫǸľ˵ôģһ·ľüζԼʾã̸֮Ҳûһ˿߸ϵĲмͱģ֮࣬ҲɸеһԺöľ߹󣬽ԸĹӸͷʾãȷһˬ飬ϫԭ޷ǾԼ֮ǰսʤԴ˼ӵ֤Լʵˡ
ףǿʵǸıһеı֤
ֲãνġƷϬ϶ΪöڤľȻ漴Цƫƫأöڤõˮһգæһˡ
ڤѵʲô֮𣿡ϫʵ
ȴǶϪشģԴؿ˳ϫһۣ㼴͵Ҳ֪˴νڤϸʿɷ鲻ͬǵĿΪɶڤǿɶԿףûƾΪٸߣҲ޷ӽɶһ
ɶĴڣ
ϫȻһֱνĽɶ˴ţƮ֮˿ԼеöڤȻǿɶԿףͷҲɿʼ
ɣ
ܱɡĴڣΪҲҪȹ٣ﵽƽٵɵˮ׼ߵ㣬Ƕȹ٣𻯵Ƕɣ
ƽٵɣɣĳϫֻĿֲڣµĶβĶ
϶ڣһºڤͷĵطһŲͨ԰ɶڡ
Ϫشĺܼᶨһת˵Ҳ뵣ģڤֹеһ飬Щǰڤϸʿٶӵжڤһ鶴ڤܹʿͬʱ뽣ɶټڣֻҪɥĲ֮û˻Ķڤ
ϫ˿ղŵȷһ㣬Ϫ˵ƣЩ˼ʵɶôĶϸʿЩͥǽ𵤾ĴʿѵͲĶ
ĶҲ޿κΣڤռ䣬ܲϸ֮ϵʿ÷ԪΪ쾳磬ֻҪһ֣ʩչ磬Ȼƻ⴦ռתջٵ⴦ռ䡣
Ϫشĺϸ䶣˵ڶУɷǺ
ԭˣ
ĽͲŷϳϫһУԾһɻʵȻڤдһɶô궼ûз֣ƫƫڴ˴гˣ
ݳϫ֪ڤڵʷ׷ݵǰʱȴнɶĴţδЩ̫Źˡ
ΪÿŻһΣǡһ꣡Ϫ
һųһΣ
ϫɵһɶʱδҲ̫ƾˣֱ˲
Ҳ֪λ˭ΪҪڤһ
Թϫ⿵ĲȣϪ˱㿪ʼϢϫһ࣬ĬĬŽһС
ڤɶ벻ҲʸУҪлúôȻЩϸļһгͻһµʱҵúúðΪһˣ
ϫ˼ãٿô࣬Ӵ龧ʼ

ȾԪӿתʮ죬Ϫӿ뵤
һ·ָһսϫƣ£˿̸һֻһƬůģȪˮһһ־˵ٶȻָ
꣡꣡
龧ĩڵԪѱͣϫȴδĸо룬ٴó龧
ǰϫÿƷ׬ȡԪʯȼʮ飬ҪάƣҪŵܵܽѧѣһԪʯݳޣΪʱܴ
ͬϪ¥ϰյǶʱ䣬׬ȡ˴Ԫʯÿ춼ܳĲȣˮƽ֮ˮǴߣֱϬǧ龧ȥ似彣ãʣ½İٿ龧Ѿȫõˡ
꣡꣡
һ龧ɷĩϫʱȻеۣ˼ָоԼΪͻƽؾ磡


47 ɽ

ϫӴһһƥӿƱϢƳ
ͻˣһҹĿޣѴﵽؾ磬ϸֻһ֮ң
ϫվӣһǣͨȻ˼֮ǰңƾصΪͿѹͬʿսԲ磬ЩϸǿߣӦҲӵԱ֮
ϫҲףڤսϸʿʵܵƣԼܹ֮һʧȥƣϸʿʵʤ޷Ԥϡ
ɫѾ»ְָɫ״̬ϫ߳ʯݣ㿴Ϫװ
Ϊˣü̵ĳϫϪȻڡ
һսİͦġľҲһ˿
ҵ֮е顣شؿ˳ϫһۣζĥ
ϫɲ֪սʩչ֪΢زĽ˺һĴȭ϶䱳Ȼиָ㡣
̾ѪǵĴʿ߳ǣʼɷޡֻϫһżȶ·ߣѪɽظȥҲڤͷķ
뿪ѪʱϫڿʮɢǿϢʿȥݶϪͣЩʿȫһɫϸ磬Ԩǰ˴šѧӵܣϽеϸ֣ƵǸƼ
սͲԱҲУԱߣ߰˸ŮϢǿᣬտȻΪĿ
ھͿʼ
ȳϫӦһˬʵЦԶȺУŲͬ޲ɷŮ
ľ֣֣ŹҲˡΪ׵ĺЦ˵
һѣϫ㼴֪в죬Ԩ˴֮һ޹˸ߴӢһ̣ǵ󣬷Ϊƽһմʡ
ڲߵһŮԨѧҲ˿ڲ죬ֱԨѧԺưסѧԺĶȪͶſľѧԺĽޱ
ưǸԴĿ꣬ŷǷ
ȪͶſһ˫ֵ̥ܣ˽ԳÿߴԸȴǼΪľګԡ
ĽޱΨһŮԣᣬչˣ̲סǻ֮⡣
ȻѴĳĬԲհ
ͶϪĹϵƺԲĺѣѩĶϪҲ¶һ˿ѵõЦݡ
ϫע⵽ڿͶϪ̸֮ʣľ󴽱߳ŵһ˿΢Цʧ٣¶һ˿ͽ䱸
Сʵܿģ׷սȴвԱǿĶ֣׷Ϫֳˣ갡
һϸ΢Ĵ䣬ϫ̧һȴݱز֪ʱԼԣ˯죬ûѵʱ
ЩҪʲôϫͬʵ
Ȼǽˣʵϸ۲ͿԷ֣˸ս䶼ڲͬȴɽȻͬӪ
صĽͣϫô¡
νԨǰ˴šѧ壬˴֮ĹϵҲǴ۸֮Ӫ
޹Լư׵˴ѧԼϪĶϡľϡϣͬһӪ
սԼԵ߰ŮһӪ
˴Ӫ˽ڤΪ˷ֹԷº֣һжѵѡ
ʵЩĹϵأϾһЩнȻ˴֮以о͹ͨйϵ֮ӣ붼ͷƤ顣
ش˸˵ֻסսЩ˶ǵĵ˾ˡ
ϫһ֪ԼȻҲӪҲ֪Ǻǻ
λĪǾմǸϫͻȻתЦųϫ˵
Ϫͷǡ
ˬһЦȴתϪʼնûиϫ˵Ļᡣ
ȻڲУϫҲֻǸп޵Ĵڣкһ¾͹ˣֵùע
ϫҲʲôľȴˣӣ
񡭡ûôذɣϫȻ
ľϫ޶ԣʹļ׵˻ȺϲеһϣŸʲô׻˵˻һһƤ
г𣿡ϫܱӣȴʵ޷ܶľ˵
죡ľȻ
Ҫɱ
ľɫһͣͻȻĪĿ״̬ѹɫòȻУôϪһӶƲҵġ
˵ţĳϫļ򣺡ֵܣˣʲôʱȥԨǣ۸һúúóһپơ
ϫȻͻȻ֮ǰ˵ĻľԲʱȷ갡
Զսһ֣ԵһˣԶӶȥ
ϫ͵ؿսһ˺߻һƺղŶȺУ˿ҲתͷϫĿ⣬ɫ˲ˮ
Ҳɡ
ڵǲ죬Ϫı飬ȻĬͷݡ
ߣϪ˵ҿɲϫأľʵ
ңϫ㶣ν
ľ󵱼ĳϫ˵ãԺͬͬڲ졭УиڤˣʲôʱҲֲӡ
ԶľľٶϫӣҲûзԡ

ɽһշһѰƣԼ䣬һͳ񱩵޺֮д
ɽλѪʮ֮⣬̾ɳĻԭϣǰڤͷıؾ֮ء
ɷ޲Ӵ󣬶һͷͷɷݺУμڤӵܣԻᱻʦų룬򲻿ɽӽɽٲȻһƬյĽء
ѰԲ˴УȻʲôʱһӰسɽ֮£漴ɽȥ
ǵٶȲν죬һɷϮЩɷ޴ӳɽ˷ײУҪԼĵһηЩʿȥ
һҽк˻˷𣬸ǸɽһĲĿֲա
һ˺ܿʧɽ
ǳɽ𣿡
ʱϫһҲɽ£̧Ӵޱȵɽÿ˵ɫ쳣
ǰڤͷһϣɷŰ޿ɱܣֻӲȥˡ
ü˵Ҫӿ첽սһҾһֻʣʱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰϵ
ˢ
䣬ȳɽȥ
˼ˣҲ׷׸ȥϪҪߣȴͻȻֳϫԭأ޶ԣʵϫôˣ
ľҲȻ֮ҡҡͷһ³ϫ򣺡֣ˡ
ޣõġϫһγһ㺬Ӧ
û˷֣ϫǸߴΡĳɽĿȻһ˿⡣


48 
ɽռ˭뵽Ȼһ
ڳɽڣϫ֮ǰخĻԾ̲סһ̾
֮ǰɽ£֮ԷڸخݼخƲ⣬ǰĳɽһɷĿֲ󷨣Ƿʦ𣬸޷ã
ϫڷ費ҲƷѣҲܹһƷֻƷˮ׼ﵽƷʦ֮ϣܹƵǷʦ
ʦַϡС׶Σ֮ϾǷʦܹڷʦӱɳʦ
ܹΪʦȻ֮ϴﵽ˼ˮƽнҲֻƽٵһܴﵽ־硣
ң֮е;ΪɬµĴڣҲķѹһ;һЩ֮˾Ѱ·ߵͷ
ɴ˿ɼʦǶôֲĴڣ
ӦΪ֣ͻķϵ۵ɷԲɢһ·ɷޣ¾ɢɷջγɵġ
خٴԺ𣬡Сӣ㲻ҪѼڤɷ𣬵ǰ۴̽һ˵޵һЩõ䱦
ɷ䱦
һûһЩǿıвͨΪЩĴڣŻڤдŰɷޡ
ϫ룬Ҳȷˣɷɷγɣ޾ɷ֧ţЩɷѱ¾ɱ֮
ҪҪȥ̽һأ
˼خϫҲȻĶ񻹸Ϫһ𣬻ҪǰǽɶЩԥ
ϫڸʲôأһĺڶը졣
˿̣һڳɽһվС·ǰУһɽڣһ׵Ԩ
ɽХҪ˶ߣԨ³ݣȥ׵Ԩ̾һͷͷѪޣʱһֲ޺˵ѡ
ΪƣϪϸʿ޷Уͱ֮䣬޲Сֳʲô⡣
ϫڶǰߣǲİţⲻԶһǰʲô⣬ϫ׵壬޹ؽҪҪǿΪӮ÷ӦĻᡣ
ϫŤͷͿ䶢ԼĿŭ֣΢΢һһҪԼ鷳ô
Ҳֳϫ˲²⣬Ѫǳ𣬶ľͲбչ˼ҵľΪͷߣԶľ󴦴ָʹٲȻѰѶľһľǰ޲ѣֻֿҪǲһֲһϳϫŸɣ켫Ϊջ
ˣ첻ԶľջѣͬϫסҲһˣһ·ûܰϫ䣬Ʋˣ֤ߵݡ
˻ԣϫٺãҲɶ޹ĵӲһ˿ͷС
ϫôˣǲҲ磿
ľں߽еҳϫ鷳ΪͬͬĺֵܣҪԼĲ
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Цֻһʱˣܼʱ߳ɽؽ뽣ɶʧۣ֮װױսˣֽԸ⿴
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ԱߣϪҲüһ壬һ·ľͲİУԴ£ΪˣҲòֹǴ˿̣Ե޹ʵذìͷָϫҲɸеһջ
ѵû֣ԴӳϫʼӣǵٶԱ࣬һڹʱ䣡
ɣǲսǱļϸסǵĲԴǵ˽뽣ɶĻᣡ
ʱ䣿
Ǽϸ
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ϫжԲƷ˼¡
˵ϫսǱߵļϸ֪ϫսʲôϵͣһֱԷȼΪĶľҲ̲סֿˡ
óϫӵ㣬˵ϫӶҲ㣬֣ǲǸˣϪ䣬ԴǼԼĲ
Ҫҳϫ鷳˿ȥ˯ۣﷺһ⡣
ô˵ҲΪ˴룬ϾǵĿǽɶȽ룬¶ԴҶðɣ
ߣҺ͸ֲ֧֣ҹ۲죬СԾʱ䣡
ţҵܵ˵û
ҲҪˣʵҲΪ˴Һá
ѧԺưסѧԺĶȪͶſľѧԺĽޱҲ׷׿ڣȴһߵֲ֧졣
Ҳû뵽ֻǺȳ˳ϫһ䣬־棬ɰ뵽ϫСӲǸưܼӵ𣿶ϪΪλά
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У
Բòһ·СӺͶľ󴦴Լԣ˻ᣬɰСӲˣҲܾʹ˷Ź
뵽⣬յĵ̣ɱһ̽͵ץסϫ󣬶۰һ˦ϫֱ׽һԨУ
ϫû뵽쾹ôڷӦʱѱ׷ɳʮԨϿգڰպ޽ֻ֮ԼһƮɵƲһ㣬Ԩ׹ȥ
ϫûоûźֻǽ촽żԶǵԽԽԶӰŭȹ̵ҽһӿȫ˫˲Ѫͨ죬¶⣡
֡죬ֻҪҲұؽǡңֻأ

ͱڲ࣬ԨԣɽХ
һĳţֻķʻص
˭û뵽䲻Ϯϫ벻һԲֱӰѳϫ׽Ԩ
仯̫죬һ˲ѷӦ֮ʣϫ׹ǳԨ֮Уʧ
СˣҲ裬ɱ㣡ľȷӦŭţҪȥҲƴ
һæסȵ侲һԨѵҲȥ𣿡
ΪʲôҪôϪɫеķŭȼա
һֻС϶ѣˣαشС֣Ц֣һص顣
㡭úݣں̬ȣöϪ΢΢֪ˣҾͲӦôӦˡ
üϪһ·ѾܾˣΪһֻ۵СҪҷ𣿡ͳһ˿в
Ϫɫһ㶣ӿһĨȻԸ췭䱳Ķȴô
ſңҪɱⱰСˣľأڷŭС
סȴѵ㣬ľǻǲ첻Ϊǣ䱳ڤ棬ȴҵȼܹ֮⣡
ѵôˣľʧǣ
شӿһĨ޷ĿɬΣֻϣϫܻŰɣĪˣһǿޣ޴׹ԨҲԽԽԽԽͣȻԼĻҲġ


49 Ѩ
飡
һźӰ׹ľʯݺɳ鲼ɫʯϣһƵľ졣
Ҳ֪˶ãϫһɾʹ̼ѹǹģϿɵױȵʹ࣬΢ָһ˿ǣ۾ӭŨĻΧ
ϫΨһܹȷϣԼûԾǳɽеԨ֮ء
ˣ
ΧѪȻɢȥ¶خա
ϫչһ˻ʹ֮⣬ûиеĲʣҧӣվʱ۵亹졣
£㵹Ҳһ¡خɫԵüΪ࣬ԶҪס֮ѱ󽻸ˣǶԼ£
ϫĬĬͷʱԼо֮ģҲڱ͵Ϯˡ
߰ɡ
خƺҲ״¶Գϫܴ󣬼ϫͬԼĹ۵㣬㲻ٶ˵һΣżⲻմ棬һҶСһǴƮȥ
ϫ˿ܣȻȥ
˴Ԩǰ֮أڣ߳ȥͻٵخƮ촫

ɷ죬Ⱥ˻
ϫ漾خ󣬿Ũ罬ĳɫԼкֱײһȺȺɷޣ񾭽˼㡣
һͷСɽǰɷƴ߳ӿֵ׶ֲϢɺһϡ
ϫǣֻҪڼخ󣬲ЩŨԶܿЩɷҲҽӽһ·нû⵽һι
һ
һɫԨұǰخͣ˽Ų
ϫ̧ȥ㿴ڵұϣŷͬƵĸɫͼ·ȻγɣЩطѾģһɲɣĹϢ
ҵƲû˴ɽȻһͻɽɷ󡣡
خұϵͼƬ̣㼴̧ǰһӣһĨϼϯϤұϡ
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ͼƵұڴзֿ¶һڶѨͬʱһɱ֮ϢХ֮˲һĺڱ
䣡
ɱϢһϫ̲ס˸ݿ죬æתԪŻڵı֮
ڼخ붴ѨϫſߵĻ
ƺһΪϵɽܰɫʯڰ߲ᾣȻʯƼֲڣ˹ĺۼ
мλãһʰεˮأرߵİ˸ϷֱŰ˱˵ĳˮҺĴɫҺ建һȭȭһɱ䳹ǵĺ֮ɢ
ΪעĿˮλãһŭŵĺɫʮ䣬ƬƬ񣬷һ˿ľĳ
ɷ֮ɷ֮ɷ֮˹ƿߵ׼ȫϧƷ඼̫һһ飬ûִ󷨣Ҳֻܻķ񡣡خˮػһ飬ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ϫһͷˮĵʦõıô˼خǰͳƷ̫ˣ
˵Щһá
خһۻ裬ˮ԰˱볤һεض𣬻˵⣬Ƽ䡣
˱ԭ׷ϧѾãڤɷʴҲֻлƽ׼Ʒ
خһ䣬Ѱ˱ϫ漴ٴһӣˮĺɫġ
ǲһضıʱ帽еħϴǵЧ
˵ţخںһֻɷɢգۼѻһɢϢѩ̻ɷѰ°ɣ
ϫ˿Ĳһŵİ˱ϸСɽֿ˿յıһƬ
н磬Ʒʲͬͷࡣ
ʿʿֻʹ÷ϫ֮ǰõ彣һƷ
ֻпϸ춨ʹ
ַ졢ءĸȼÿȼַ½סнסϽ׺ͼƷĸƷס
֮ϣ
ڳϫԣϾ̫ңԶڿϡдڣ˿ӵа˱ƽ׼Ʒɽϲ͡
ҲǷӵħֹ߻ħǶٶȴв档
˱ڤɷϮȴУҲһԵ֣ͽڤɡ
ϫѾʼȲΪԼķȡˣüͷһ壬ֻԲ磬ʱ»ʹڤ
ϫˮɷŨҺĵز㴸ʺϲخˮԴ
ϫæڤͱָǰʵ
خһָˮأȥת¾֮ˣҪСģЩɷȲɷ֮ҲǺպڤɷޱȣǸоֲȥ
ϫԥȥˮȥ
һӴˮǲ㴿ɫҺ壬һɳǵı׶һݺڣӿȫϫ˲ҲܿƵؾҲ

ϫٳɣͨһˮһ̣㼴һת¾֮
ˮڵҺڤɷסϫĲӣֻ¶һԴֻ˫գ˲һĺڱԶԶȥһʯһ㡣
СΪʲôҪô
خóƺ«๾˼ڣҡͷ̾Ϣ̫չˣ̫ǿԶ޷Ϊǿߵġ
ϸ磬ͨһԺ޷ˣչչɣ뵱˲Ҳôչˡ
ԽԽͣޣخʲô׵£ǶԱɣﷺһĨŨĻĸˡ
䣡
ǵı䣡
ϫֻȫѪĤ֮һӣǹڶĺʧȥ֪
ɱżȵѺ侲ɵתķһһεȥȡǿֲڤɷԴƤĤǡѪ
ɷ֮ʹ࣬ЩڤɷɵıоԳϫԷҪࡣ
ϫΪͻ쾳磬˿̽ڤɷȥΪһۿɼٶ

ĵɽУ͵һϸ
ˮУϫվӣĺһڱƬƬѣĩһ䣬¶һǿǣָ֮ͬ䵶̳Ľһ㣬ӯһ˵Ĺ

ϫһ½ǣֻͨѪС磬̧־ͿԾһɽһ㡣
䱳һΪǳĺɫͼ֣Ե֮
֮ǽԲˡخУڳϫһɨ˵
Բ
ϫһʱ䣬ԼѰԲ磿


50 ɸֽ
ϫӲΪԼǸţٶһϸϸܼƲŲ꣬ѴӺһٽԲ磬ٶԼ㲻š
ܾôҼ˴µġ¾֮ӴڤɷΪ֧ţٶֻ
خȻ˵úŬɣЩţٶҲǲ֮ΪҪǣѾķʮʱ䡣
ϫƽ࣬ʵ缾خ˵׵˵һֱүүĽ̻壬Ҳ߼Ҵȱ鵤Ԫʯ֧֣ĽΪǰҪάƣصһƷѧͽһ;ѵʱϡ١ЩױרļӵһȣҪԶԶࡣ
ϫ£ϸΪԭӵ֮ĸԴΪͿࡣ
лǰͷȡϫɫȻü価Ǽᶨ֮ɫ
خЦЦվӣĿˮһɨ˵ʣ½ٽڤɷ۶ɵҺ壬Ұ
˵ʱһ̽εˮ͵طڹһѻһյɵİ˽ǹƿ
ʵˮرһ˽ǹƿôʿɷ֮ͨɷԱɷ˽ǹƿ꣬γһӵڤɷ
خ٩٩̸Եüģ˵ɽɷ֣ڵڤɷɢȥ󲿷֣ˣˮܹ۲ڤɷ
ԭˡϫ˵ͷ
خѰ˽ǹƿϫ˵ãһЩҺƵǲ磬еڤɷˡ
ϫСİѰ˽ǹƿװ봢ָĿⲻһƳˮԭڵλøȻһصͼ
ǣ
ϫǰһͼλãһݵĲۿڣԺһӴָóڤһԱȣǡ޷ǶУ

خ쳤ЦͨɶŲڸս˴ʱұ㷢Ρƶϣ˴󷨱Ȼλ£ΪıѼڤɷ
ϫʵе㲻ţԭΪԼ׹Ԩͳ뽣ɶԵˣȴû뵽ԼҵһͨǷ·ת
߰ɣѼ˾ɣ޲Ҽ˵Ķ֮ڣҵҪλɾǺˣµĶкخ˵赭д¶һеİȻš

ڵͨڣʱ󱩺ͿֲĽཻײ
ˢ
̫һĨĺ⣬ݺնһͷɷܣϪЩǱϢǰأҧսĶľˣϴ˿дǡ
⻹ǽɶ𣿼ֱһƬɷܵĺ
һڲĴ£оյشɽһµһ죬ƾ趴ڤŲƴͽ˽ɶ
ΪַؼǴֿɵãȴû븦һͨһһɷܡ
ЩɷܸߴޱȣݳªӲźɫɷиһѷ޽佣ªֱɣƾ亷ηţͼӲʯľ޴ǣͨڣֱͬһֱײҡ
ЩֱɱҲɱѾˣȥҪ߶
һ߷ǰһͷɷܣľһԾͷɷܵİУǱϪߡ
˿̵Ķľ󣬰ȾѪͷңӢһ㲡̬İɫüƣ
ôأǵʵԴӽ˵أѻָϸٲڤƣɱЩɷܣȴûҪǳȥɣ
ϪҲ޴˵ҪȥǵԶѱӿɷܣԼҲϣã
壿ҿϣ󣬡ľЦһҧгݵ˵ԭаͨߣƫƫͨˣǺǱˣ
Ϫüڵӣ쵱նԴϫʲô𣿲Ҫʲô鶼Ƶϡ
˶٣ϪƺҲÿеأε˥١ơࡢְͨѡˡ֡ͨѱ˵زѡ񡮿࡯ͨˣ
ľЦֻǾòܻΪи֣֡ͰǴⲻϹ𣿡

Ѿ޽ſ񱩵ϢϪͶľݺ˲ٶ̸ҧӭսϡ
ʱ˿̣Ҳֻ˿ȥ
Щ飬ܹˣ֮Զ챩ŭ漴͵شӣ֮سһĨҫ۵Ĺâ漴ֺݺ˦ɳȥ
Ƿұ
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۵İ׹Ȼܣһ羪װıըͨ𣬿񱩵쫷һ㣬ͨǰѹȥ֮һɷܾˮһٻһգ
ľؿſյͨβҧгݵĻ쵰ӵзǷǽ𵤾ʿȫһıȴʹãĲ
Ͽ߰ɣһˣ˵ͱսǽȵˡϪ˿Ĩȥͷĺˮǰ
ޡɶڵıľҲǲҵ屼˹ȥ

벻ơͨھ˸ֻأǹ׶㰵ѷ˴вֵܷܣҵȾͱˡ
һͨУսԶĳڣ˿ԵĲԱȻЦ
չˡԱ۱ȥԵܣԲǿջЦ
˴ܻýɶزأضҪòһԱֵľ֮ûɣ
սǿԱ˼Ц
ȻȷǲԵӦõõġط׷׵ͷͬ⡣
ԱʱãսĿ͸һ˿
²˳٣ǸϽɣĪҪЩռȻս΢΢һЦ㼴תͨȥ

ˢ
ϫ۾ʱһС
һ񴲡һ빡һţ
ѵǽɶҲδ̫ªһ㣬ʲôûа
ϫɻѡ
ףǰخǷʲô׳
ϫæչȥ㿴ڰϣȻһŷֽ㣬дּ
ЩּݺأһƲһƥĽƣϫһ糱ɭȻɱϢʱһͷ亹乣æתͷĿһۼȥ
뻴۽˳֮նԵƷԾýУȻƫִڽճħνҲҲ
ֻȼ֣ϫֻһ嵴ظĶҡܲסٴα۲
ֽһ˽֮Ľ飬㾳粻ǿȥˣʧأĪҪٿ
خڶϫͷһκˣֻµһֽ㣬ۿߵʧأ


51 䱦
ܹ̤㽣֮ŶڤļһȷһΪĽɰخֽĦƬ̣㼴ҡͷ̾Ϣϧپֻȹ˰أֻһɵСϸڤҲֻһɢɡ
ɢɣ
ϫ಻ѣɢɣҲ󼰵Ŀֲڡ

خϣѪɰд͵ķֽͻȻȼգɻƮһա
ϫȻֽϵּɭȻƵĦ򣬶в档
ٶ޷ֿĽѧҲաخڱȻ˵
ϫǾۣǣҿȡ̣ڳ
Ҫס֮·ҪľӵһŴϾҼᶨ͵Ľģֽƫִħʱ£ϢңϽҲǰ߲ӣĦϰֻĽ֮·
خȻгһգܴʮ֮أλɴʱµƥ⣬ͻʲôĽ֮·
Ҳ𣿡
ڳμخʱϫἰΪ˵õµĴУǿʿ֮طսУΪıʮǰһλɣҲʮ֮أ㼴
خҡҡͷ̾Ϣһһġ
ֽѾɻңٶ˵ҲãϫܿעܣſյһУʵخǰǽɶ𣿡
ƲⲻӦǸڤסخĿһɨͻȻһָ񴲣ȥתԪ
ԣϫԺһ˵񴲸òɶ֮ذɣ
ʵ޷ֻܽ۲쵽ȫò
Ϊ˰Ķ֮飬خȻһָƣڴһЩ䱦زأǸϽķֲжɣϾЩ졣
ϫǲҵһ񴲣ֻһȫҲһ񾲣Ȼ񴲶ҲĹЧ
ˣ
һתԪϫֻԴһǰ͵ضһĻ棬ϱ߱еص䱦ȻĲͼ
ϫһһۿȥɾ̾ѡ
ԭɶӴռǧ֮أΧǰۻƵֱͨΪ˥١ơࡢ֣ǡ˳֮
ͨһֲת罣󣻡˥ͨаȣ١ͨһƬӰĵĺڻ۽
ͨ޲ſֲɱ
ϫһľǴͨ붴ԼΪ¸Ѱ·
ͨľͷҲǶĺ֮أַĸ򣬷ֱǵص䱦ٲݵĸģǳϫڵҲ֮ء
ĸֵڣֲַң飬Ѩһ㣬Ҳִ֪źֱ
ϫ˷ܵǣԼڵǡֱֵͨ;޻
خǰ˵ȥ䱦ȥص
ϫЩԥ˼壬䱦ڱȻŶڤµ෨صȻҲǸֹؼʿԣණȻ߱ͬջ
ĵرİٲݵջͬ󣬵ԳϫԣԶԶ䱦͵ص
Ƕڤϰ似ʱĳԳϫ
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ɫӦôŴ붴ʿԱڤڴ˴ƿصһо档
ϫ˼Ƭ̣͵ͷһݣʶһ˿ֻаˣôЩɫӦսЩˣ䷽ڳ䱦ӽУܱǣ
ˢ
ϫվӣԥسȥ
ʲôخƮȻϣûпͼȴϫɫе㲻Ծ
˿Ҫ䱦ˡϫһ߷񱼣һߴ
ǸյŮޣ
š
ǰ䱦ɨһ飬һҲòҲһ˺ܿĵ飬ϫ֧ô
ϫһ벻خǰ˵ȻһҲһǻĺ鰡
ܿ죬˱Ųţһ·䱦
ôң
һ䱦۵ϱ鲼һңϫɴͷۣһѰȥҲ֪ʲôʱҵĲر֮ء

خĿɨܣĬΣȣƮȻȥ
ԼղһмخǰڣγٲЩϫܲѣ̧Ÿȥ

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ڳϫӰʧͣ䱦Ҳ˴򿪡
䱦𣿡
ſӿĴ쵽һңս̲סһ̾ǻһƬ
ǵ˵ʵ̫ˣԱһԷЦɫ֮һЩ˶У޲ָĴģ䱦زص䱦
λ²˳٣ȻôңֻзͷжˣܷѰͿԵˡսܵ
ǣˣ˵ܻɼұأԱҲ˷쳣
Ǿͷͷжɣ
ã鲻䱦ô࣬ƾԵҲڷ⣬ٺò
Ҳ֮׷˵
ಣಣಣ
һѸٷɢ䱦طбȥ

㱼һʱ䣬خֹסӰĿһǴͨҡ
ֲأԭϾȻɢһ˿ϢϢخɣﺱ¶һ˿ȡ
ϫϢһʣһ㲻ԼĶ䡣
Ϣǲеϡ֮˵̫ʱڣħϢֱش󿪣ȷϢ㼴޾Уٲֹ
ȻҲǳϫһ˵ٲɿ֤֪ǰҴϣȻɢһ˿ϢϢ̲סݺһѡ
˿ϢϢѱü֮ѼˡخĿĵҴţҴžȻһ˿ϢϢɵĶȻǷƷ
˵ţƿҴš
ಣ
ŸտһС룬һӰԿٶ
֪ˡӣûôף
خȻһЦ˵ʱһӣһƥĝϼϯ˲ϢѰźӰס뼾خġ
ϼɢ¶ӰòϫȻǣӰȻһͷȭͷСޣ

ͨѩë׵ģһͷСİʨӣϫ峺С۾췢һУȴ֮
Ȼһͷ̣
ͷޣһᵭȻƿһµļخɫһͣʧһ


52 

˵ȭͷСëѩ׵޾Ȼһͷϫɵһ
ǻĹޣΪĴڣʳ֮䣬ɰ˷֮Թһֱ˷ΪӵתΪͨ
벻һɢɾȻܹ̻ˣĸ˰خе̾
̻ˣϫеˣ֪翣ĥۿԿõĶҲƺзȥıˡ
ниϵ˵ʢ֮ˣܹܵˣˮɣҸԵӵ۵ĸֻԵ˲֮;ɣ䲻һҲߴˡ
ȻƮ첻Է֣ÿ˵ҲǻŸʽıġ
˿Ȼܹ̻翵ˣϫ֮𺳾Ϳ֪ˡ
خͷ˶ԣвƽ֮ޣ˵ӵȫһˣһɵˣ
˵⣬خɫӵسĬãȻ̾Ϣ֮ܶΪɾ磬ͻ˵ˡ
ɾ硭
ϫĸѩķԸ˵ֻԼִʱ֮ǻǸ
˿̣ΪһȭͷСޣΪ̻߱˵ͨǣϣóϫãֻеִɾ磬ʸȥκһ
ţ
خɫ΢ǲʲô˵˽䱦ˣǵÿж
ϫһæƿҴţȥ
һ룬ӳı޴ޱȵİӣϱαעšƽססͽססɽסȻ޴İӣǶڤرĵط
Ȼ
˿ϣȴǿյһƬ
ô
ϫæǰĿڰһһɨӶ˵ˣһëûУɾġ
ޣˣߵ䱦ӦǱͷԵˡخҲһܿͷӦҡͷЦôˣСһϲʳ䱦ֻҪģۺζ
ϫȴЦĿֱżخĵʵڲȭͷôС壬ȻܰһӵıԵôܣ
𡭡
ëѩһͷСʨӰ̣ϫ˻ʾ۵峺ڵһС۾Ե׺ΪɰŮӿǰڻһŲɡ
ǰһˣϫ૵űעСּĿյİܣǺ޲ðͷ

ֶѪڣƫƫԼȴʧ֮ۡ
ôǰһˣҾջѾˣ㿴خǲ⣬˵Ҳֲһͷ
ϫżخµ飬ֻͣðɧȥ
خǰȥصɡ
ϫתͳȥأźѣ䱦˾ͳ˰ɣЩؼܸòް԰ɣ


һƵĽŲ
ڳϫ뿪ãһɫ˳ƿҴţ˽
ף
ϱעġɫȻÿܣҲüȻĿڿյİڲʱɫ˲佩̣ӲزһѪֱɤš
ɱģӻƽ׷Ӧоаȴһɨøɸɾģͳ⣬˺𣿡
Ƥӷһ˺ѷΰļ⺿֮󣬴䱦ĳϡ
ˢˢˢ
ܿ죬һӰڴ˴֮ڣǿյܣ֪˽ȵˣɫǱ֮
ģ֪˭ɵģǰ̻ɣ
ּǰϴŵȻɨһˣǵϻģԶʳģ
̫ض̫ȱˣ

ЩŮԨǴſٲȻ֮ӰĴڣƽʱ۸ڶ԰Ľν뽣ɶҲǱżϣ
Ȼ˿ܿյһУһ·ۻðټոȴʲôҲûţҲҲʲôˣǸεɨһյļһ
Ҳûֱ𣿡սɫѿ쳣֮ǰѱϰٸңûҵһ
ǰһ㶣ͷ͡
սҧĿյİܣ˵˴䱦Ĳر֮أƫƫأȴ˽ȵˣǿɺޣ
᲻ǶϪǣԱͻȻ˵ɫҲڵøƵģȻҲǱѡ
ܣǿǱȵġսҡͷ񶨡
ǡ᲻ЩϽطϸʿԱǵãڴѪǳʱԼһﲢǵһ뿪ġ
ˣʱȲЩ˴ֻ䱦ǻûȥ䱦Ѿϴһգǿɲñ˰ıҲռˡ
սһǿ԰ͷķŭ˵ܼʱϵĻ˵ҵǸϴ䱦ļһ
ԣҲǹɷŭѹս˵ȷǵǰΪҪģһǻıսĴ£ȥ
ƴش߶Ԫ;ͣ
ŰɣСӣСүĶǺõģ
ģСӷһɣ
һ̫ˣҲ֪ŮеģСԺҵҸһԣ־

һӺ
սɫشһ߳
ʲôƨͼʯͷŵ䳡硭Ҳ̲סȻ
죡սҲ̲סȳ
ʱ˿̣ʵڿƲסԼȥ䱦䱦˽ȵϴһաȴֻмõʯͷһ˲˵˷˴ѵʱ䣬һ뵽пڹϷıﻹ̵סŭ
ߣȥ±˵õˣҲսɱڣԼɱ
˼ˣҲĿ¶׹⣬ս󣬿񱼶ȥЩ˱ʵ൱ɫټŭֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬱һǰ
صȽȥˣսһһ뿪һڵĴʱɫһһһٵҪˡ
ģɱˣ
͵仰أСүҶˡ
ߣ
ǻˣкȲɱڵسģǺ޲ɱ˽ٻƵġ


53 
ش
䱦ĲֲͬﲢûһңһһǧɷΧľ޴ռ䡣
һŸʮɵܱ鲼ܣռÿռ䡣Ӹߴ¿һһеܴڵγһ˹ΣһŵĻһ㣬Ȼ
УۻƵԹĿܣֲ嶫ϱ
˿̣ϫפһǰŴܶѲһ顣
Ʒܡޡֲͨ⴦صǰðϫ̲ס̾
ԱߣخеһöҡͷĿڶɲ󺱼ҿʮ֮˾ŵһЩͨɫ
ϫȴǲ֪ͬخ۹⼫ΪޣЩҲ֮е飬ԣЩǱ֮
ƶǴȥ̳Ļ似ӲǱ˼Ů߳ЦһѣǽСغ޳棬Ҳֻػ뿪
ԣ˿̺Ѱ¾ģԼҲҪȫߣһԪʯҲһʾ޴ĲƸ
ȻʱһŲͻȻڴ
ôˣ
ϫһݣ˿ٴĵѹЩѾܣô˶ּΪġ
ô죿
ȥ䱦Լֶ飬ѵڵصҲҪصޣ
ͨҶã㿴Щʲô˵ʱخֻ̽һöö˳һ˹
ϫһ㶣ʵܲܶߣ
خɫһȴֹͣж
ϫһ⣬خദվãΪ˽⼾خԸϤָԼԼһЩԸ飬Ǿеġ
ռخ˵ҲֻԼ֮ͨأΪ˵״ӣʹö
˿̼خãϫǸȻخǰĪ֣̫̰ˣѡĻϣõһЩƷһ򡣡
ϫֻ֪Ҫ̸Ʒһ飬خȻἫΪģΪ˷ǰǹۺͼѭ֮壬Ŷٵ֮¡
ԼҲΪԷ򣬷ܴǳؾ߳õخϿɡ
ȻϫƷ֮Ҳخɫ˲仺࣬һһʮöٴη
ʮöƷ򣬼漰ͨӵжʮö˵ֻǵشĲ׺һڣܱخǰеģӦöһЩƷ
ϫְװָ㼴ڼخ󣬳·ȥ
ŲԽԽӵϫһˣܹ޲ϸʿǽʵľ޴࣬ٶයΪ˷ֹټûϵΨֱ˴˿вʲô
˴ӴŽ벻ͬϫǴһС·ϸ̽Ѱѷͨһ·صûһʿ
صڤµĵصһɳƼЦ͵쳹ڴ֮ڣһϵֻ²꣬ǱҵȣĪĻԵ
һﵹǺԼ˷ܰԶһǰϫ󲻽ҡҡͷ̤밵뿪ͻȻһϤȻֹ
ϼɵĸλѣǲǸ˵еˣˬºͣϫУȴͷɱӿ
죡
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ڳɽһӱ͵ϮԼԨϫͷĺͲܿƵӿͷɫǱñ֮
خǰҾϫһ
خ˿ϫȻԼĳԼ㱻ɱҲ㡣
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ˢ
ϫ˿ܣһż棬һֻèһɵشϽϷʯϣ⴦ʯһɣʮʯݺύһᴩϿգϱ߸õı±ߵ˷֡
λãܹľ󣬾ݳϫ⣬ЩϼȵʿͲΪصڵ򣬱ȻᷢսһȫԲѵʱԲ͵Ϯ
ϸʿѾ߱ʶ񣬶Χĸ֪ΪϫҶȫϢſʯϣһĨӰһ㣬ͬʱ۾гһ϶ǰ·Сȥ
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һǲΪ׵һȺˣϪľءǳϫʶġ
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˿̣˽ȡԼķмĿյ϶ţսš
ߣ˵ǽԨǸӵܣݷǷǱǸΪ뿪ܣҸ㲻ӦλѣҲǾӦϼɵĿȻ˵
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룿ûţ
߸㱳ʿҲ׷׸ͣɫȴ֮ɫȻ˴ǲСѹ
οأҵȣЩССԺкӹ𣿡˹˵ѵǾͲģǱ屻𣬸һգ
ȰǻǸϽ뿪ɣ֮棬Ͻ˶ڤʿ֮һԸЩˣҲֻǶƤӵ顣ѧԺưҡͷ̾ϢţԴǼȴǶԲİͽ֮⡣
ݵȻòһһףżҵ䱳ЩϽͬеʿɫҲࡣ
ڤ˴
Щ˶־ˣϫɰżǸ˲սӣ͵Ϯļƻȫˡ
ߣ֪ڤʿǰɲǸ֮ˣοɶ֮أ˴˭˭ģֻƾһ仰ҵ뿪δ̫˰ɣ
ҧ˵ҿǲͬ⣬ҵȿȡ˴ĳʣµɹΣ
޿ܣ쵱Цǻ䣬ٸʮϢʱ䣬Ͻҹ˵ͱҵˣ
㡭˫Բŭɶ˵
ߣĵɫҲ㰡ѾȥϢʱˡ첻мҡҡͷ
Щһû
Ÿҷģϫһ
ߣҵ˭أԭ޹ĲѰʱһŮڴڡ
ϫ̧ȥɰһսһ˾ȻҲˣ


54 Ϊ
սһ˽شԭŵ
ŶŵˣսԼɫޱȣĿоǺεɱ⡣
ʮˣҸԨǸӵܣ
ϼɵĸ㰵һʱ˿̣ķչѳϣΨһĵǣΪսһ˵ļ룬볯Լ֣Ҳض˼ɡ
սˣ˵ɫҲ࣬ٲղʤȯյģ
ʱ˿̣кȻγ㶦ľ棬Ϊǣ໥ǣƣǣһȫ£û˸
չصѱҵռˣǻĪҪһţ˱˴˺ǿɾͲÿˡ俪ڡ
䱦ֶ飬սһ츦һڣԼߣ̲סЦϻˣǸϹҲֻ˰ˡ
󵨣
ưױȵǰϽ˶ڤʿ㾹˼Ϲǲ֪
ߣˣƴ𣿡
սԱߵĲԱȻЦ챳ڤչֳҲѰƽ£ΪǧյΨһһŵӣڻ˵⻰˼𣿡
棡
ԣڳ˰ڣΪֲһ㣬ɫ޲һ䡣
սĸ羹Ȼ£
Զ߸ʯϫҲһԨǰ˴šѧУΪǿߣƽɡ
˵кüλɼǿὣɱƽڣ
ƽںպһλޣƢ𱬣ɱ壬ͷϽнмΪƵǸ֪
ߣֲÿ˴أԭǼһ߹ʺ˰˰ɫָܿ糣ҡͷмսսΪ㣬Ҽ𣿡
սɫȴǰ̾˿˵ĵȷ֮ϾһϵҲƤˣԼͷȥԼ߳һڤʿԲܡ
սҲ֮ת뵽һ⣬ȥ죬ǰĿͶ˷ϼɸϣЦ˵λҲ뱦ȴֶɣ˫һ֣ȫɱ˴ڵƽ֣㿴Σ
ûϵսһ飬˵ǡ
սϵõģϾڤֻҪǲ˵û˻֪˭ɱġ
԰ֻҪѲһȫˣԼһսһֹϷ˭ɵ͸¶£
ĿȻѱս˵
սὨȷЧһŰ˸ϸʿͱȲκһٱ֣ȷܹѲȫˡ
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һ㶣ɫٴ粻ȻҲ˼սô
ǸҺһɱսһЩͰղ˵Σ찵˿ȴ
Ϊѡ
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ô죿
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ôȥҪȻһԼλˮ㣿
˳ٳٲսϫɰżԺһ͵뵽һע⡣

ʱţȴԽԽƣִ򲻵ã޷еֻܸɵ۾ʱ䡣
ҿҲִˣһԲߣһϷЩΣڵȵòͷˣвʵԼĽ顣
аôҵҲͬս˿Ҳ¾ôȥ˲Ǿɾ͸ӻˡ
ѵҵȼڿġҲǳһ϶ԣȺģҲѹģǲԸ󶯸ɸꡣ
Ȼڴʱһͻأ͵쳹ڴС
֣²Щϼɵ˾ȻҲѼƷ򣡡
ϼɣ
ѼƷ
ԣڳ˽һ㶡
ϫ
Ȼţ
Ϫľص˶Уȴͷ͵һϾǲ֮ɫ
ǸﾹȻţ˿˵⻰ʲô˼һ㶣漴׹ɫ˲úףģСӺöֶΣ
սҲ˭ĿڲһɨȻûзֳϫӰϫ͸¶Ϣɫ˲䵽£ŭЦһһٵ治ı㣬˰ƷѼƽִĽ飬Щǡ̫
չ˵ϫƭǵģͲǵˡæ͵
ʱˣ㻹ҪƱ磿ϫ뿪ѪǾ͸һ㵱û𣿡
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˵ʱսضһѻյķɽɫҲֻͨսˣλǱЩĻ쵰ˣˣɱЩﲻһСˣ

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ֱûҪͣȻ˵꣬Ϳ˵ķԼǵصﻹҳɣּӭȥ
ģ޹İ
Ҳίޱȣսǲ׵ؾͳҲһ󣬵ҲԼĿҷս֡
ɱ
ɱǣ

սһʮ˺ͲȰ˽ϸʿ˿ͬʱʩչԼóֶΣһʱԪ𵴺ֲͬĵӰɨܣڵǽһĿľѺۡ
о޴Ѫɫڿ˺ҧ
ϰٰѺɭȻķɽ֯һ𣬹֯һɱĽ
йĺɫˮбӿ¡¡ˡ

ʽķ׵սֶΣͷѤȴſֲϢĸֹâ֯ײһɵƻҪն˺ˡ
սڳɵĿֲ嵴ܣ˲ܶ䵽ڵأݻٵ֧顣ͬˮһصҲ촷ۣɻʧ
ΪΪʳ
ƫƫأ˿ȴû˭ȥںеˣһɱ۾ʩչźšš޲жֶԼ£һʱԵòޱȣ˼


55 ٲݵ
߾ϹѼƷӣСүվס
ԱһȣеĺѪ齣𣬻һĨ޴Ѫɫƥͷնȥ
ģҲǱ˿˺
ּһ𱦹תܵľ޴ѪÿݵƤһ¡
ʶϫϫղǾ仰еķϼ֣ȴ˲˹սһǲһ԰ȡƷıСˣǽһ飬Ƶмܲס

Ѫ齣һشڲԱĲ¼ſ׺ݵϢϣֲҵøѣɫˢףҲ̲סһѪ
޹ġ޹ģ
źǸδı棬ȴԼһͽĳϫǺ޵˹
Ǹ㣬渵һҲܵͬĴսһ׷ɱһ׷ɱ׼ɱȥʱȴַսһͲһսһšֻҲľ棬Ǹ㲻˾˭
ѵվŲǴԼܻ
ֵ֮ĸһ档

ش⡣
ںǾ仰֮󣬳ϫԥشӲű˵ش˿̣ڴһֲĴвһ˿ЩԲסϪľء
ӽڤֱɽ˶չˣҲ˶ԵȵѣȴΪԼһ仰ս֮Уϫеⲻȥ
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ĬĬ˼Ƭ̣ϫҡҡͷ˼һͨٲݵСȥ
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ͺͺһƬԼܹһЩľҲһЩή֪µԶԶһûмһɻľ
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ϫüͷһ壬̧߽һ·ӣٱȥ

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ΪȪʳҺʿڽϸ֮Ԫʯ龧ѶãҺ
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Ľ֮ߴĽ֮壬ڻĹʱڣҲǼΪ䱦̥֮УƷ࣬Ҳ˳׶Ρ
خĿƣɫҲס¶һ˿۾֮ɫ˵ʮ귢ѿ꣬ǧ껨ھǧÿǧ곤һȦֱͬӤȭͷСʱߢ׹س飬ʧС
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ˣһסǲӦðʣµľͽˣֻܸ㣬ȥһӵġ
خһҡҡͷϫԸһƾʧ
ϫþò
УһߴӰڳϫǰüĿ磬ϫĿ͸޾ĺ⡣

ϫһû뵽һ°ܽл˿
󻹸ɫµ꣬ͥкէ֣ڳϫУȴһ˲Ͷ϶˲ûнϸҲԲΪ
˵ĽɣȻͬ졣ĿϵĽ͸һĨ޷εĳ̰
һղŰҺͼخǰĶԻˣգΪ˲ʹй¶ȥ˴ҲֻܰɱˡϫԺзɿ˼ֻһ˲ɱ֡
ɱң⽣ɶУҵΪѲܵƣϸң㻹ʤ𣿡
Цȴ͸ԹȻѪǱϫܵһ棬ɱ㣬Ͱ׸սԴΪ϶ӦҵĻµģ
ͷôϻϫҡҡͷĿֱظӿһս⡣


56 նɱ
ɡ꣬Ա߿žˡҪְСƳһ̯࣡
˻֣ԵӵܷԸһ㼴ֳƽĿ磬ǿϫ
ϫ˵ż͵һ棬֮ͬӶȥ

֮䣬Ȼѿ˺ѳһˣӿž罭ˮƾ֮
Ԩµ֮ڤɷΪԲ֮󣬳ϫͬڻ¯дǧεıһ㣬Ѫ磬ǣͨһ˿ʣ֮ʱ࣬˲ٶȱ֮ǰɣ
䣡
𵴣һſֲȭͷȥѪսʱõʽһģһ
һСߣҲ̫СˣУ͵ӿԪವһ£Ӱεض𣬷ա
飡
һȭգǿԪϣͬһѹһĹ֣ɽܡ
ϸʿǿԶݿշеģ׳գڰղЦ
˵ʱϫûͣǳһꡣ
飡飡飡
һӵ⧲ֱӱһȭͷ­ʬ˺۸񵲣ȴӹһ٣˵ĸ첲ȴͬشݺһ£ңӳϫȭͷϱӿĿֲ˿͵³һѪɳʮ⣬Ҳ
ħ֮ͬѹһĿֲڣϫԲ磬ͨ׷ۻ룬ǿֻƾɱΪֻ쾳ӵҲǴ´ࡣ
ȻɫڰգƽȴǻһĨ⣬ݺնϫϸʿյĲݷֶΡ
ˢ
ƽٶ֮죬۵糸Ͽֲ˺ѿ𵴵Ȼɢ
ϫаһȭķɽȥϷɽڰնȻת򣬻һΣɿӳϫ»

ѣӲͬͭϳһǳǳѪۣˣϫҲɾһ亹
ôܣƽǻƽƷô˲һУһ㶣ɫѿ
ҹ
˵˵ǣȴŭ˳ϫԪע۰˫ȭ˲ǧٴΣһööʵʰ͸ȭͷֶ
Щ͸ȭͷ̶ɣӨ͸Ԫѹ۶ɣϫԴȭءʯۡİҳһХյ꣬ɷǾˡ
ߣԪŰˣκβҵģЦһܵƽնǧ⣬նЩХȭͷ
飡
һö͸ȭͷֱ齣âƲȥ
ãôˣСӵȭѴﵽ˺һĵزܹ֮ǡ
һ͵ѪǣϫսʱĳɫȻ䣡
顭
͸ȭͷһµĴһ㣬赲ǧٵâĵΧ˶ȥ

һдʧȥȻֻһҧȫԪһסƽӰͬ˻һ㣬ܷĵˮ©ͬʱԶӶȥͼ˷Ϯ͸ȭͷİΧ
䣡
һö͸ȭͷܵĽӰϣ̻ĿֲԪͷţǿֱֲӰɳȥ
䡭
öȭͷըٴΰʮ⣬ҡҡλΣ׹ء
˿̵ͷɢڣ¶ļһƬڣòǱٲҳǿأЩ͸ȭͷİΧ
⡭ģСӵΪ쾳簡ǳֿȭô
ŵŶĳϫʵ󲻳ղŵһжһֱԼļһɵġ
ѪܸϫһֱΪԼΪƣԲŸ˳ϫɳ֮ȻڣʩչϸΪȴϫӲǴӰбľ޷ʵ
ô
СѵǸز¶ĸ֣һֱڰԻ
˼֮ʣϫҲԼʵֱʱŷ֣ԼƾԲΪԼ˺һĴȭȫϸʿһս
Ըսϸ粻ãʵսԼ磬ԲŻᱻԼռȻƵòӰء˿ԼĿǰҲֻܸϸһЩʵսļһһս
ЩģԼպǵСӦԡ
ͨһ㣬ϫԥٴηȭͷͬ£ٴηɶݵĿܡ
濪ʼö
ԭͱϫղŵĹȥһĶ־˿ֱϫϣѹڵս˱ֵľ档
ϫҪʱڽҲǲܵģһƽˮйͨܣֱͷڹƵġ

ȫʹļһ͹𣬶ͬˮ㼫ɵӿݣѪȼһ
ģӣóϫһ⣬һԼжǿٶԪʼʹ
飡飡飡
֮ǰѾȷеƽ˵ԼĽǣϫ˿ʩչȭκι˼ɣһȭȭҵƽ죬ѡ
ʹ죡
սʽϫѪڣֻԼһȭһͭɱĥսɣȴܰѵ˱Ƶֻмָ֮оֱԣղܡ
Ȼûע⵽ԼѾ˳ϫӣ˿ҲעⲻЩ
ȫһĪľ֮УһֿԽսԽµĳϫһ߿˼֮
ս˿̣Ķ־ȫĴٲԸϫ̥ȥһֱȥԼᱻϫ
ô죿
ҪԼͷ䣿
ģԼ䣬һҲŹԼϾүүҵʿΪ˳𲻹죬ǲԭԼġ
ǣ䣬ʲô취Լȥ
ŵڱϡԪƿĽŲȻ٣һʱ֮䣬ļ٣ҲһΪݵĻ㱡
ڴʱϫȻһץסò׵Ļᣬ粽ǰȭ˦𣬴Ӱ϶һֱš
꣡꣡
һݷĹͷ͵ذݴһȭͷɢĿֲ˲ǻͷڵҲǱѳƬ
ۣ
ſһŨѪˮɫ˲ò԰ֽϫĿдһ˿𾪡ԹȻ֮
롭һɨǡ桭Ƿ̰϶ڣ䣬㼴Դһᣬ
պ棬ɱˣǱˡ
ϫһأ߬ŵƽÿһʬһۣתȥ


57 
̳ϼ壬ݡ
˵ϴΪϳ˵Լõҩ
ͬʱҲżΪпĸѵĿܹĥ
ӵĿУԾʥأֻҪܹǿһ࣬һЩʹʲô
ϧݱϾҺصأֱϵӵܺʼΪˣһҲһ
죬ݽµĴŻ

һȶĽŲİߵƬ̺󣬴Ӻڰ߳һ꣬ȻҼ
ʱ֮ǰȫһˣݣͷ棬Ƽ¶ûϴ裬Ƥֲڣԭ٬ۣѱӥ䡣
ԭӵĸо
ȭͷհѲϼ룬ִ󣬸һգ͵ӿһ⺷Ϣ
үȥ
һźӰеִӺڰ߳һڰĶš
·ֱ˿ӵһֱڸԣԸ䵱һӰӵ֣ΪǶôĿ¡
λãҵ೤ϣ˵Ŀˢˢϡ
ܹܵЩĿе𾪺ͲţָоΪܣȴɫ򶨣ݣּ֮󣬱㼴ĬԼλϡ
µʱ䣬Ӻ쾳Բ
ͼȿڣ͸һɻ䣬Цչѽڤһ֮ã˿̿ѰٵɶܹеõһЩԵǿɾٺòˡ棬öӰ
ˡõϵҲϲѡ
ͼЦЦɫһ࣬Ҵ˴ټǰʵܼ򵥣Ϊöҵļ̳ѡȻϾףŲС࣬̳峤֮λΪΣ
ϻ棬ȷʺͬҲǳ͡
ţҲͬ̳峤֮λ
Ȼ˴δڤ˵²չģٳҺԨռҵϵһҵĵλˮǴߣ

һڳϷ׷ͬͼ
ˣһԳĬŵȴǼΪ
ǰƽЩΪ̫޷֮һᲢۡ
ڲͬˣӵǿ˵һ˭ȷԺԼͳ
ȻҶͬ͡ţͼû˵꣬ͻȻֱƿ
ܼɫֵײײر˽شλϣ²ˣүıԪơϨˣ
ž꣡
еĲյ棬ѳһ̯ĩ
Ȼˣ
ɫһ䣬ˮһʱ֮䣬ڵձó֮
ٿᣬΪȷ̳˵ݣȻûȴ֮ϢͻȻıʣ˭ܽܵˣ
ڤѵʲô𣿡
ôܣǸչһģ˵߰˸ԨǴӵ飬ô
ģ֪˭˻ҷȫ壡

ݵĳ֮󣬷ŭĽȻ쳹֮С
죡
ͼȳ˱ͣλ֪ڤֻһµʱ䣬һ֮ڵʿᱻͳֻн뽣ɶ֮ˣܼڤС
ڤ´οʱ֮ٷߺޣҲ֣ô̸۴»𣿡
ϵ˼ǣǿʹʧӵıͳɳƵ
֮ѡ̳ˡȻˣͻɡͼһһһ˵λʧһ˲ʲôҪǲֻڱʹУʹ߿죡
ɫȻӦŵ
е㲻ŵǰһУҾô׾ٵس˼̳ˣ
Ը̸ϱˣҲ̸˷ܣΪĹâ֮£ֵ˵Ĺϵôá
һ뵽ԼΪΪ̳˵ģ͸һͷӬƵģĵܡ
ⲻԼҪģ
źԼӵҲһ죬һ֤ǿģ

ϵڶӷӵ˼ѹֵϡ
Ϊ̳˾һ峤֮λҪʵȥ֤Լ֤˿ֻлôҵܹͬΪһϸ峤ϳ˵
Ŀڸ׺λɨӿһɺ飬˵ףλϣһṼǵ
˵⣬Ƭ̣ҧ˵ȻѾڣôӽҾȡ峤֮λһҪԨռҵսף
Ŷͼһ˿
ȻԨռҴӦֻҪѳϫһͻսҡôҾʹⷽ֡
ԥȻƻһֱģһıȸݣҲáֻҪϫһйϵˣͳͳŹ
Ŀ𣿡ͼ׷ʵ
У̳ӻϰ壬ԼµƷѧͽгϫҷԲڵھӡ
һ˿֮ɫҪȫȫҪ̳ˣǶΪϫģҪ˶֪ϫһĹϵע
öƫԣ
λаһĿⲻɴһ˿ǣӣʺϼ̳峤֮λ
ã
ͼĬãȴǳϵظ̾ܿܣǿΪֻҪ棬ֶٺٱҲֵã
˵ԼļƻЩ㷲˿͵صõϵͬɴϲֵ֮ģΪ˸սĻ£ҲΪԺķչ׳һѳϫƵԨռΪֹ
˵ʱвһ˿źϧС뿪̳ǣĸϫһ㱻ĥǲŹ񫰡
֪ϫҲϪ˽ɶ֮ڿ²֣ʱκˡҵ˼ɣͼʵ
ͷ
ͼȥɣܰѴƯԨռ⣬Դϵݱ֤ҵļ֮λģ

һת뿪֪ǶԼһ飬ͬʱҲǸıԼ˵ľѻᡣ


58 
ٲݴ
ʱ䣬ȵȰɣӦֻһʱ䣬Žͽ׹䣬Ҫľû׹֮ǰԪ뵤֮ڡ
ɱ֮󣬼خ㼴ٴγָ֣٩٩̸ʶΣͿõŽˡ
ʶΣ
ݳϫ֪ȥЩ켶Ų˵һϸʿӵͥʿӵǽʿӵ緽ӵʶ
Ϊʶӵз񣬳ϫȻһУֻԲ磬ȫܹͨϸʿ⣡
ϫкãĪǲ֮ı
خȴǱֻܶ˵֪Ҳãǰ֮¡
ϫΣԼ˽Ķ̫˰Թ˭
⴦ȪҲ˷ˣڶѼһЩҺɣҹƣһ̣Ѹеգʱɾʲôòˡخ˿Ȫѵ
һ̣ϫͻȻ߸һĶ֮飬һ˸˵顣
ûмخڣԼ˵ѰѽˣҲ͸Ͳ֪ʱѸա
ϫָİ˽ǹƿʼȪԱѼҺ
˽ǹƿڲ˸޴ռ䣬һװŽٽڤɷ۵Һ壬ʣ߸յĿռ䣬°Һ塣
ϧֻһʱˣȽˣ⴦ȪҲ֮ſݽߣ֪֮ǰͿʼѼҺˡ
ϫһϧȪӿҺٶȣڽǰѼһҺѾˡ
̡ڤһɢɣֶοǾ֮ѰٵҲһӵд֮
خŽижпϧ㣬֮ʢڤ˻ǱȲ㰡
ϫһҡͷôܣ̳Ƕɨǵġ
˲ްҲԷƱ
خм˵ɨǵĶһȺɨǣܵõҼ˵һӡܴǳؾ߳ԺֻҪ㲻ŬȥֻҪʲô⣬ȫԴ֮أ̳Ҽ˵²Ϊһǿߡ
˵⣬خĿֱϫʵڣ㻹Լɨ𣿡
ǡϫҡͷخ˵ȷʵٳڷϣǾǽˡ
خȻȻǣӵԣֻԽԽá
ϫеȻתƻ⣬һѾȥʱˣսͲǵĻսѽ˰ɣ
ͷһðϫвһʱѲȥ˼͵ϮˣֻҪʱȥɱĹʵ׹صʱȴֻһ˲ȶԣǰĽΪҪ
׼ãҪˣ
خڶ͵ը죬ϫٲҺ˼룬ԪעƼ䣬۾һգգضŽ
˿˿ƵĻ£ǿӤȭͷСĽɫʵƻһ㣬һȦȦ

ԱߵȪ͵һƥˮӿȥٲݵеҲᵽѪȵһسӿ
öɫʵͬһ޵׶һ߲ܣżȡԽ࣬ĽɫâԽԽŨԽԽۣһöС̫һ㡣
¡¡
ƴʲôٲݵ͵ؾһζΧҲһ͸Ĳƣһ̾Ҫһ㡣
ͬʱһ޷Ŀֲѹ˷ϮԱߵĳϫоΪǿң类סһ㣬һϣƲסڴԪ
ÿֲ˵һЩ鱦Ȼ䲻֪кãȻҲǼΪĴڣ
䱻ѹѹúѣϫȴԽԽ񾭸ǽ˼¡
ˣ
һԽ𣬴ӵͲţø߿ջڰٲݵÿ䡣
ʱ
ľɡ֦ҶꡭۿɼٶȷٻһգеĽ΢΢һµ䣡
ˢ
ڽһ̣ϫƼѾõԪһƥϼ⣬˲סſ̽ڣ֮죬ɲ֮ɣϰһ
ɹˣ
ϫе㲻ţܵڵڰƯǿŽʱȷţԼȷɹˡ
˿̣ĵڣƬԪ۵ƶβֱϣʹ治˿˿ƵĽâ濴ǳгûгʲô쳣֮
Ҳϫࡣ
أأأ
ݵζԽԽһаɳľ޴ʯͷ£ܵǽҲͬһѣ̳ɻңϸѿ޾ͷ֡
Ȼˣ֮أͬʱάϵƽ⣬˿̽Ҳǿݽһգʧȥ֧űȻȻ
خĿһɨܣɿ˵Ͽ뿪
ڼخ˵ʱϫѲ˿̻Ļԥϵİ˽ǹƿ㼴ⷢ񱼡
䣡
һϫǧﷶΧİٲݵ㼴Ȼһʱ֮ʯɽ̳죬ɢХ쫷һ㣬εóϫۡ
ϫһȻ
ϫ̧ͷһȴڰĵطȻվŲˣϪľҲУΨȱ˷ѧԺǶ˫ֵ̥ܶȪͶſ
һüۼ価εƣ̬ҲմȾһѪҲ֪ԼѪǵ˵ġ
һĻϫѾףشڵĻսѾǲ²ⲻĻȪͶſ˱Ȼڻսж
ϫעЩϪľ˻ţࡣ
û¾ͺá˿̣ϪڳɫӣǷŭȻһ㡣
ϫһĹԼ
ϫҪǣһ㵱ֵܿȴû壡ľվûסԴ
ԱߵҲҡҡͷȴû˵ʲô
壿
ϫĵûӿһĨŭָŲ죬ʵȻҵֵܿҶԨΪβҳͷˣ㻹һֱңҵҪ㣬ʲôʸ˵⻰
ľɫһͣƿԡ
ϪϫĻɫҲǱòȻ
֪ԲıһڤΪԼ忼ǣ㲻ҲܵЩҶܹ⡣
ǣ˭ңѵΪݱȲˣȫںҵĸܣ
Уҽֻ˵һ仰ѣͲȷܷɻսĿҲܼ򵥣Ϊ˳ûɱ죬Ϊָ壿
˿̵ĳϫԵü쳣ֱǰĬԵԸˡ
Ҳ˵һ£۳ϫԼϲϣѰѶϪ˵ѿˡ
ױɨǣͬмû˰ѣϪʮύĵһѣ˵ֻͨѣ޷ﵽֿԽĵĳ̶ȣǶ꣬Ҳϧ쳣
ҲˣϫŻ˼
Ϫ˳ĬԣϫĻ޷καʵ޷ϡ


59 Ų
ϫͶľĶԻûʲôһֱֽ׵йű˴еĲ̹̬Եѵÿɹ
˶УһЦ
һһӵܣƶʵ̳ǼɨǣһԨ֮ӣݳ
ݣǵλΪ޷ԽĲ࣬ôܳΪѣ
ڰűн磬ⲻЦʲô
ڲУ˿̵ĳϫ˵λİ׳ա
׳հҺҸ׵ѻԼ˺ˡʱսһƴ
ϫ֮ǰ鼤Ǵ˿̲ע⵽һİɾ룬վսһˡ
һսһҲȾѪƣԭʮ˵Ķ飬˿ֻʣ˾ˣǱȲ˵ʧء
ϫȻظŭ˲һգĿѲȴûзַϼɵ˵ټ
ѵȫڻսˣ
ϫе㲻ţһ룬Ҳӽʵһƶϡ
ϾϼЩ˽ϽطСӵɣȻϸΪȻ޷ԨǹϴսһͲһȡ
չ˫ʧص׾ǰ㶯ɱ
˹˵شĻսСģٲݵһգҲСģ˵ϲ򣬲һдӰٲݵõĵر㲻֣ҿɾΪǿˡ
ߣôģ
սߵȴһ䱦ڵıòҲһϴһյİɣ˵Ļ治ܱռ֡
Ц˲˵ҵȻġ
˵սüͷһ
ǾСϵĶһһ롣ԥ
˵ٺòˣϾղŵĻս˴˶ԶԷʵ˸̵ʶΪϫϵĶٴ󶯸ɸ꣬Ĵ۾̫ˣΪ
˿̣Ҳʶһ㣬ԲŻ顣
սԾɾе㲻̤ʵ֪ռΪǿңǸ˵ܹĽ飬δе̫˼ˡ
ãͬ⡣˼ȥսǾһԡ
ʱһֱԹ۵ĳϫȴͻȻڣҲ²ⲻĻղŵĻսǱȻҲˣûˣԪҲȻ߰˰ˡ
ԣսԼɫǳһ˿ϸ΢ı仯
ϫУȷеƶϣٴοڣҸղڰٲݵɱǾƾڵ״̬ܹսʤңǾ;ɣ
ɱ
սɫȻһڽصʱ㼴˼Ȼ뿪ǰٲݵԲûб뵽ղŵĻսУʵҲ۷״̬ڵ״̬Ҳֻ߲͡
ϫԣУ˵ڳ˶ǳϫĶ֣
Ǻॣ
ϫְƽڵϣȴûжͣΪʵԶԴǸ߱˵
Ȼϵƽս޷ֵʧôܣڽ뽣ɶ֮ʵѲƣϸΪܱɱ
Ȼģ
ԶͫһҲͷԼڵʵƴĻȫ³ϫô̫ΣˣοԱս˻һԼϫսʱºô죿
ȺŹҲܣǰѳϫƴ֮£ȻԼһ˺սҲȫڴʱ֮
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֮˵أΪûͷ֣Ʈ첻ԼԸ⣬û˭ܹ
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Ҳãɽ˵Ű˼ȴŨ֮һľĵرٲȻͬһȻأڴеҲǼõġخ˵
һϫúĪҪķϹ֮󣬼خ㼴ʧ

ڼخǰŸ뿪ϫ㼴ӴָЩӽɶõһһڵ档
ЩܼƶʮöǼخǵشģȻ֮Ĵڡ
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ݷԣܷнܹУӰϸбꡢҷޡ糱ˡ쫷顣
⡶ܷнǰн˺һˮ׼Ϊ˼ǣǡˡ͡쫷顿УȻС֮塯ϣ
ϫĳȣĿʷ׳ʡ
֪мյľԷ֪΢˺һ֮ϱǵ⣡
˾磬ǽǹȭڲ廨滭ɵȼգ̺߶ĸʩչ˺һİٱֹֻһ֮ңȴľ޴࣡
񽣷⣬ۡ⡱֮ѰʵĲ
⣡⡶ܷнǵشпҲ֮Ĵڣخǰ̫ˡ
ϫһǿ԰ס˷ܣһöȥ
绯ݷԷΪᣬХ죡
ⲿ绯ݷҲǰղŵľϲϫЩľɿⲿܹƼݺڼðβƽһ顣
񡷡񡷡¾öм깥֮ҾݳϫƲ⣬öһ壬ͼġ񡷵߼ġ¾񡷲ϡ
ͬģ깥ǳϫҪģ֪Ĺ֮ͼΪ깥֮Ȳù֮󣬵ҲǼΪĴڣһͲӵС
ϫĿһöʱһ㶣Ϣپ
ѵһԪõķţ
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⡶Ϣپһ֮гɣܹȫϢӰҲ֮͸ʧƾһ㡣
ΪֵעǣʩչϢپ֮󣬳ӵʶ֮ʿͲκ˿ʶʿܹӵе
⡶Ϣپֻھֹ״̬ʩչһ㼴ᱩ¶ڿȱݺϫźһѡ
ܹڱʩչϢپԼȫ֪뿪ɽڱߴɱ
ܵ˵ֽ׶εĳϫԣӵСϢپɶһֱֶΣһһϮĴɱ
Щ򹦷ҪҲϸ磬ұҪȰΪͻϸС
ϫ˼Ƭ̣ϵ򣬴Ӵָ˽ǹƿְµһؼƷԱߡ
ʱѹħıһ֣㼴ɢһϢ
ֳŵķΧУϫҲǽ
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ЩҺѾ㹻֧ܳʱˡ
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Һ֮㹻ǿ󣬺ܿǣҺѭתʮ֮Ϥע뵤֮С
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ѵľǼһ
ԣӼǵͷǲŸոսԲ簡
ƣǿϸû
ǿϸɹˮԳĵλҪ⵽в
ȡɻ󡢻ǵÿӿ𣬵ΣɽĿУһ˿η

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ڣϫֻëէڵ类ݺһǣҲŲ
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һͬƿǵϸ΢ͬƷϫֻ类峺Ȫˮϴһ飬ͨ͸ͷ
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ϫǿ԰мڣǻһԭȿٱĿռ䣬һƬԪУԵ쳣
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ҡҡͷϫûԥԺлһ顶׾ķϸϸƷζ塣
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ϸ֮ÿһ׶ΣڱӿһԪǳ飬㼴ϸԲ
ϫ˿Ҫģ۳һԪǳ糹ȹ

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׾أŴϸһǵϸǵţֽ׾תÿһת㼴ܹһԪǳ
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ԭ۳ɫԪǱɾ͸ɫ˪Ƶģ쳣
ԪӣȻ߾֮䣬һѱеıһ㡣
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ϫһע⵽ľ㷲ʱԼ׹ô£һظЩʲôɣ


65 
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ȻľлǺܿܵġ
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񵹺ãųϫϸЩЯŸʽ׷е̸ľ֮࣬ҲһԺ
ľҲ֪ǳϫǰڣЩɲۿһۡ
ðɡϫ룬ͷӦ
Ҳ⸽ĴϾЩһﳣ̾ڴˣǳԼھӡ䲻ΪѣҲΪУǱһĹϵǺܱҪġ
ǰӦˣľֱţ㵵
㲻Ҹ𣿡ϫһۣ˵ֻһΣ²Ϊ
ľǸжԺͷСƵģ˵ˡ

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续УʮŮ̸Ц֮£ʯ֮ϣϯض°Ȼ
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˵λϫǰǴģɽнǧʿ̤ġ

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Դˣϫʼе㲻ʣҲϰˣֻ׵ͷȴǰ¶Էźģ
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ɱҼҴԶĴϣһֻ˫ͫȻһһ򣬳˲Ϣʧ


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ĳϫϸ֮ϢƵȻȴһ˿ںϵǿѹ
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СӻУϸб꽲һ֣ȴɱأȻ侫衣
һԣخ΢ɾصͷ
ҷޡӰ˻֮䣬ٷɿŭţһʱ֮佣ӰƣգӰϯ֮ɭȻ֮
п糱Хŭ˾ۻ뱼ţݺأͣǧصأƱ̺Ƴ

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ǰˢһϫԭʧ

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˸ԤҪöࡣخ
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󣬳ϫٴ۾е˼֮ɫŨɶʧںߡ
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ϫɽۣһƬأƮķڰ裬׷

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󣬵Ȼں֮ʱûǰڵ޿лһ˿УҲѰס
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ΪδһֻҰݣûиеӳϫϸеһ˿ΣյϢܶ˺ܾãͿǲô࣬һ壬Ѹ͵س˹ȥſצӣݺץȥ
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ޣõģǰԵȡľһӣɿȥ׼ȴǰ֣ϫǰҪʲôأ

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Ժг˼ãϫպīʱ·һһдϡ
ʷƮѣȴپᣬˣʱĽȷܴ󡣡ڳϫдϺ󣬼خƮȻ֣׵
ϫͷҲ̧óһֽ㣬ˢˢˢַɿдһ֣ݸخ
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Ȼƾⲿ깥֮ϤգԵʱʤҲࡣ
خܿ㼴ָ糣Ϊϫս֮ܶʵӦܹϸҵʿ⡣
ϸǣؾ磿ϫͣе㲻š
خȻҲСϸʿ쾳絽ϸǸԵĿԽܹʹ׷Щһֶڶ࣬óֲͬĹʽ󷨡ܡ𡢷ЩϸʿУпܷ
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һֶο϶쳣类ΧˡϫͷһᣬҲɵ٩һ䡣
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˵ʱһӰֻ磬ӥǱһɫ멣ԵƮ֮ߴ֮һͭɽӥѪ
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⣡⣡ãΪ֮⾳ˣԹ۵ӥҲ޷ֵɫȻһ䡣


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ӥѪ°ͣ˼Ҳǰ˿ϫıִϣеĸԼ⾳Ľɵѡ
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ѪϾǧ֮ãҲѹ׷սҲǲϫġ

Ѫ˼֮ʣԳԬͨһˢ޾ѪȻӿѪɫŭųϫɶȥ
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ڳϫɫԽԽ֮ʣеĸӿֳһ˿׵绡⣬ֱһǰԩ꣬ҷ
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һйĿǣԼߣڱ̺ž֮֮߱γ޷Щණ
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ԬͨϵЦȻֹһƬŭ֮ɫ棬ɷѪħڵԩѹֶΣǵϫвƵһƬһƬԩʱͲԼ۾
ᰡЩԩĥɷ˽ǧ꣬Ѳһбôܱô
ԬͨɫŤòɲš
ʱ
ϢأһĨĽ˺һ㣬Ȼٶ֮죬Ԭͨոջع֮ʣŴ

Ԭͨӿ޾Ĳʣȴܣֱ˫ü֮䶴һѪ
ϸ磬ԶϱֻҪͷ­ҪҲǱɡ
ˢ
һӹԬͨͷҲиһֻС
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72 ǧӥ
ѵǡ
ѪɫһƬԭϫĽ̫죬и˵ͷԳԬͨѱһͷ­
֮⣡
һǵһżΪķԽҰѸ򵽵һ˿֮ҲۺϽ֮У˷һױȵٶնɱԬͨ
Ѫͷ崣ʵ󲻳Ÿսϸ粻ãôͰΪ˵⾳磬Ҫ֪ϸʿֻ˺һΪ

һԼЩ໹
˿̣ѪٲСϫ

Գˣ
ߴ֮һ
ľֱֻһֱ˿̳ϫնɱԳǼ߬ȭͷҪźȴκԴǶ޷ԼеĿܡ
ɽХɹƣźԳԬͨڳе඼뼫֮С
ŰźԳͷ­꣬ЩŷǿʳʵΪ࣬޲ľϫĿп־Ǵһ˿˿ľη
Űɱڶԩϧ
ĮڿƮϫŵĺԳͷ­ǰȻŵѪҡҡͷָһץ˺Գͷ­
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ϫץԳͷ­ֻôŻеھԼ٣ȥ졣
ľѺԳϵıϫĿһɨܣԸһ㼴ĿͶԶӥ
˵ʵʵҵϡӥѪɫɣʼ˵źĸ㣬㻹ҵĶ֡
ϫû˵ĿŶԷӥҲǸеһ˿صѹԺԳʱȫͬ
ƺһϸǵΪ
ϫľ˵ߴУӥѪʵȺԳɭΪֲؼΪѪһͷϹֽӥɻΣٶ֣ܹ̻׵֮֮
ϫҲǲ壬һԣӥٶȿ죬Լ绯ݷٶȿ졣
ղԳ֣˿̱ɣ֮ڣʵܼ򵥣ؽ񡣡
Ѫ˿ϫĿеɱ⣬ЦЦ˵Ҳϲɱ¾ִԲ˵á
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ˡ
ϸķһ𻶿裬˿˿ƵĽ⻮գ˲䲼ǧӰһ⹳֯Ĵ
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ЩͷʯһԺӹϫһչ糤һԳ򣬳Զӥ׷϶ȥ
գӥһЦµߣӥѪһЦһ˿ɱ
ˢˢ
һǰһ󣬷׷磬ϫӥѪգ۾ʧڲ֮¡

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ľǵӰʧûжൣģųϫʧܣûɵš
˿̣ճϫķԸҡڵһȺǰѼԳʬϵı
Һǧ׻ʯһ顢һǧ
˿̵ľֱŵ˼£ֻںԳʬϷȥ˿ΧͶļɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ЩӺԳǧŴСѱϫǿս˵ӣԳˣɢǲŲɵȥľ
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ĴѻָӥӥѪ𰵰ľѣûͷ𽥱üƿо֪ĳϫһ㿿
ݣݣݣ
ӥһ֮ʣһХƿ漴һ̻ƥĽâƿգϮ
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ˢ
ӥ˫ἫĴٶٴ࣬գϫľ룬Ҫ˦ѳϫȴǸ첻
һҪȥ
׷˿̣ϫµӥҪԼȥһطûԼһ
ѵҪ󣿻˵ԼϳƾֶθԼս
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ϫҲ漴ͣ壬һɨֻһеɽ£ͨ罣ᾣһ࣬Ȼһ޴Ĺ
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ѵӥϳ
ǣٳǧӥɱ꣡ӥѪڹ֮ϣش


73 սӥ
ӥѪıӰشһĹг
ণণণ
̶˻糱ˮ֮䣬һӰȻһͷͷɿĽӥףӥ罣˫צ繳ɰǧ˫Ĵ򣬴˷γһĻԲͼ
ӥԲȦġ
ͭط塪𣡡
ӥѪ˫УһɸϹɽƾճ֣

ϣأУڰյɽ忪ʼۿɼٶСС˲Ϣѻһ߸ߵСɽ壬ͨ٣
ͭططǧ֮ãɴСһҳͭǣҲҵ㻯촷ۣ
ӥѪڵСɽ壬ЦֻһƷȴǿȵؽ׼Ʒϫҽձףأ
ӥۻܣֻųȣյﻹгϫټ
ļһѵˣӺòװһͭطѹ׷ǧӥô˵߾أ
ӥѪɫòһ·ճϫȴٳٲ֣һΪ֪ٶ޷ѹƳϫǱȽϼɵϫеĸǸǡ׵֮ĿǣòСĶԴ
ҲףҪնɱٶֻ꣬ٶס֮һɱ
ǡǡеķͭط壬ֻҪʩչγһƬɷΧκζУܵĿֲϿһСɽһٶȱȻҪܵӰ죬⧲У˲ͻᱻǿֲѹը
ͭطֻǸƷϫսӥֻȫĵزͭط壬޷ȥնɱϫ
ҲΪˣӥѪŻ²ǧӥ󣬴ǶԳϫй
ǣһжռƻ׼ˣϫƫƫȴˣ
ٶٿ죬Ҳһգ۱ʧҵҰ֮аĪ˿̲ڸط
뵽⣬ӥѪͷų˲ϢɨȴǸûֳϫ˿Ϣ
ܣӵһǻѪˣ
ˢ
ӥѪҲ಻סеƣڸ߿֮ϷΪӥޣĿ쳣Բڵһһľ
ļһӵĵǱ˭찡
ӥѪ߷ȻƿڴȻʱһĨëȻΣոٿȻӿͷ
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һĨӰٿ֣׿ֲ棬ƲӥѪĲĨȥ
˿̣ϫӰҲƾճӥԱ֮أָƵ磬ƥ
һĻֱŵӥð˫һ񣬾һԺϲĶƵģڼ䲻ݷ֮ʵǰ

ӥӲƿһ޴˿ڣѪˮӿëշ
Ȼһ͵Ϯˣ
ӥƺһ򣬲͵УͣӰٶȣҪصǧӥУֻвٿͭط壬ŤתԼľ档
ˢˢˢˢˢˢ
ϫԡϢپգò׵ȵѻᣬӥˣһ˱ɭȻķɽƾճ֣к˲ӥ·
˱ɽǳϫڤɽԨлã֮ǰڤάֻɽɷƷڻƽ׼ƷУʱϫݳһʱ亮⼤䣬תĽȻӿɢա
һﾹȻ׷սϸ粻ãô౦
ӥɫȻһ䣬͵ط֣Լƺӿʼʱʹˡ
񡢵⾳Ľٵطж˱׷ɽ
һôӵ˶ֶΣѵĳŵ״Ӳɣ
ˣ
һХĽ𣬰˱ɽڳϫǿ£⵹ĵӥɱȥ
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˷ӿĿֲ֮Ļӥ˵ӣ縡ӰˢһҪ·ȥڰ˱ڤɽΧ££ȴӲƻԭأɲȻɫ䣬㲻ɱңѵ㲻֪ѵϢ𣿡
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նɱԳְӥϫԪҲǿҪݽߣļ󣬱Ͼǿɱ֮սԲпΪǿ֧Ųסˡ
ɱ˴
Ȼˣôܣ
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ս̫죬ǧͷӥֱ˿̲γһ㣬оǾȻ

ϫ³һ֣üɷһɱֻһĿŵǧͷë겻ᡣٲͣһչ̶ֻӣģǺ޲õһԳ

ֱȷϸһͷ࣬ϫŴӰأиڴϢ
ϢƬ̣Իָڵϼһִһϫ΢Щʧ
ⴢаɿռ䣬һŻƽ鱦解һЩΪĶһɽɽƵĶѻ
һѻŸָľʯϣһˣŝ
ЩƷ಻֮࣬ԶһҺĻҲ֪ܶһ٣ϧǣȻûһƷӥļҵҲ̫ˡ
ϫҡҡͷĿⲻһƳһȴԱ߻һһ߸ߵٵСɽ塣
ӥ˵Сɽͭط壬а֮أطǧ֮ãɴСһƷķȵؽ׼ƷҲ֪Ǽ١
ЩͷԺһϫȥõϵͭط壬ƾʩչȫҲ޷Ųһ˿һ
ҵԲΪֱץȴûץССһɽ壬ⶫȷǸ˲õı
ϫǵû٣˷ԥƼһԪʼһ߸ߵСɽ塣
ӥСɽҲͳ֮ֻϱߵӡ㼴Թϫá
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Ƭ̺󣬳ϫ͵۾ŵϵСɽ壬ӿһĨ̾


74 
ͭطһǧɸߵͭɽƣشɽ̻ͨžɷʩչܹγһ޴зɽѹѹʵԲߣ˲ͻᱻѹһ̯֮࣬
һƷܹӵеؽ׼ƷǳװƳɹܴﵽƷף
ϫĵתݵһСɽ壬֣˵Ѿ㹻ˣҺֻһƷҲٿزð
һΪƵĻƽססؽס׵ȸεķԪҪġؽ׷ǽ𵤾׷ʿӵһƷ׼ߵķʿһٳΪ֡
ţͱһľ޴󹬵Ӧþӥϳ˵ء
ͭɽ봢ָϫ̧һ¾׵ĹһƣƬǹ֮ǰ
ӥǺôĿϫһ۹ŵһ̽ңҡҡͷŶ롣
ӥѪ䣬µЩСҲ׷֮ززĹһƬžݻĹѨһ㣬
֣ӥĹݻûһֵǮĶأ
תһ۵̨ͤ¥ִһصļɽˮһ·ϳϫһֱϸϸȴûһĶ䱦ɺɻ
ʱһ΢ϸͻȻ𣬡ߵĶֹͣˣĪӥѾˣ
ϫһ𣬵һɽ̦̲֮£Ȼһһ˽Ķڣһ̨£ͨ˵ǵǴߴ
ͱһ࣬Դ㣬ضӦͨһɽ֮ڲŶԡϫ룬СУҪ±߾ʲôطղ˵
ʪխ·˽һӣϫһĵطֻıǼյСͻǡ
ʪƣռŻһЩŨ˱ǵѪζΪӡ
һ
ϫĿһɨ㿴ĵطһƵʯݣʯݴһȵʯݷʵʵ
ɺޣӥթޱȣͻȻתɫɽ壬ܱѺڴˣã˵ǻܵþء
˵ǣҲ֪ղŸӥļһ﾿˭Ԯ־ˣòˡ

ûвϫĵһͳĽ̸ʯص˽һ㡣
Ȼϫȴһ𣬵ȵ죬ưף
˭˭ϵòĳĪҲͬˣʯڴǼ֡
ȻĶ
ϫһڤʱ򣬲촦ΪǴӱ͵Ϯ⧲֮£ѱ׽˳ɽԨ֮У쾳磬ѵ÷ˡ
γʱʱ̼̿УôǣڵԨһ̣ѷģһҪնɱⱰ޳ܵļһ
˿̣ܹʯеĲ죬ֱĶһϫòпѭӦˬ
ãǳϫһ
ֲأϤȵȣϫô
ʯڣưϳϫг˴˿̽ڣ㲲˺۵ϽһϹתĴֳģޱȡ
ϫʯǰģҲһ
һ޹״ӣϽպյڤʿ󱳾ǿһԨѧ֮һѧԺѧͬһеٮٮߣȴⰵյУģңؤܲ˾棿
龪棬ϫеɱȴ޼òץסʹˮĻᣬǾ

ϫֳָһչʯľդ̧˽ȥ
ҪʲôϫǶͬˣʲôú˵𣿡ưɫȻһ䣬е
ߣ㲻ɱңһķˣɱңҪйϵͳͳȻھҵĻҷǵ̣ĺôΣֱ˿̣ɱŸһȵ̬͸ŨŨĲмš
ϫһĿһ˿֣ʵ󲻵ʱˣһﾹȻŰǴװͿأ
ϫ˵Ĳ࿼ǿǰɣѵһλڤʿҳѧԺοأ
ϫĬư׻Ϊˣ̬ҲǿӲǴһ˿޷Խ
ϫȷû˵ɲ˵ֻǻӶи񣬸ɴؿ˲һֻ֡
ڲʹûд֮ʣϫѰֺֻݺͣʹƺߣѪˮ˳մؽ۵ڵɪɪģ쳣ɲ
㡭㡭
ưױϫͻȻһԴǿԼĶֵĿֲģʱҲ̲סҪȴ³ϫҲһնԼ͡
𣬷ɱ֮ʲ졣ϫ˵
ưСƵĵͷˣϫĺ飬ʱĸɴ䶼еĵĿ־塣
ϪϫʵΪϪҲпƬ̣ȴǳ˲֮⣬ûˡ
Ǳץˣ˵Ҫʲôҩ
ư״ϫɫƣһæģӦûûΪǵҩҪһϸʿǲֻץ˰˸ˣƺࡣ
ȻˣΪλᱻѺϫ׷ʵư׵ĻشΪֻһ롣
ӥ˵ĻǺѪҺɽ屦ԲŻ˹ѺڴˣտĥĿıǱƳԹǿư𲻿Ļ䣬ɫҧгݵػش
սأ
Ͳ֪ˣץǰУҲսһġ
ˣôˣᱻץסģ֪ǸϸΪһĻɱκһġ
ǷɢģĪشڤг֮Ҿһ˳ɽУȻͱӥץҲ˲ѡ
ƣӦˡ
ϫ˼УߴѱնɱλҲ֪ʵΣľ˵һʵͬһĸ֡
֪ĶشˣϫŹҰɣưعڵأͰ˵ԩ޳ҪɱҲӦɱ˲죬һְ㶪Ԩ֮µģңҿûκε㡭
ˢ
һĨư׵ͷ­ֱգʱƺأԲţϫô
ɱ㣬˭֪ԺοӺңϫҡҡͷưΪ˻޳һжƵϣǽͷһǿɺޣҲá
ۣȿȿȿȡ
ԱߣѾȫڰеĶ˳һư׵ͷʬ壬ɫǻҰһƬҿ˵㲻ɱңֻҪˣҲһ֪ɵġ
ˢ
һէеȻֹʪڰɽڣһļžС


75 ָХ
ɱ˲ư֮󣬳ϫһϢ㼴رɽ
ҪöϪƵҩǼţҲȻΣ֮ʱ֮ǡҵץʱˡ
һ·˼ϫܿ㼴صɽ
Уľϫϲ񣬲ǰڻˣСҵĺþð
ʲôӥѾɱˣʱӦûᰲһӡϫϥϣ˵Ҫչػָһ
ǰС뿪
˻
ľæ֮߳Ҳ಻ס𾪣һϫǰնɱӥ

ԳսҵΪһأΪȴԶԶеĸǡЩԩʤϡ
ӥΪ֮ԳҪϧ̫أһа취Լӵоƣǰ䲼ǧӥͭط֣ԼϢپ䲻ص͵Ϯ£ȴǸûãȻذɡ
԰˱ڤɽĽ󣬼㲻͵ϮƺҲӥһϳ̡
ϥϣϫĬĬ˼Žյսһ˿˿ӿͷ
ʵսǴΪĥʯ
ԽΣգǱԽκһλ֣Ҫε֮ضܿٳɳ
ɱԳӥóϫԼʵͬʱԼĲ㣬ǾΪ̫ͣϸһǾΪһЩΪԼµʿҲֻĶӵķݶˡ
Ҫֲȱݣ޿֮⣬һЩǿĹֶҲһ;
˱ڤɽлƽ׼Ʒʱĥһ·֮ܲһЩýɱмɣҵʵӦһ׶Ρ
ϫ˼ãҡҡͷԺʼϥ

˽ǹƿڵҺк
޾ϸ޿ռС
ųϫʩչ׾һɹɾӨҺ̬ԪϸУں֮ϣԭԪǳҲ𽥵رӨ͸ɢĺâһһңңӦ
ϸ֮ÿһ׶Σϸ۳һԪǳЩԪǳԪңӦԽҲʾԪ۳ſ֮󣬱ϸ֮γһؾںϵĹһʱͿΪͥ׼ˡ
ңϸǿʵҲҪĹϵ
һܹչϸ֮ϸ֮ԽԽԪԽʩչҲԽֲ
ǳԪҶϸ֮ҲЧ΢ʩչڷˮ׼ΪҪǣԪڽ׸ߵľʱأƾ
ȴǼΪķҺϾϸ֮ԽԽԪǳԽԽҪԪԽࡣ
ϫġ׾ǼخȻֻϸؾķȴǶ⼶ĹԪҪһϸʿ
һ֮
ϫ˽ǹƿڽǧҺһգϸռڵǿԪǳ֮ƱһɢűƵҫ۹
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УܾˣҪúϸ磬ҾȥѰҳϫǰһҪң
ľųϫʧĵطݺ߬ȭͷоǼᶨ֮ɫ


Х룬Զ̾һΡɽϦͿĨŨѪɫԵòѪȡۻ롣
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ϫǴû⣬㶣Ҿ˵޲ֱָģԺ»ħˣҲôġǰ˵һ;ر𣿡
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Ҫ֪Σңɱǰֱܹ汾ֱǰľΪǼΪѵáخ̫ྪž֮ħǿߡɡĸ츳Ǿѣľ֮͹̼ͣҲֻȼܱȵϳϫ
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76 Ʊ
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ҸյõϢԳӥɱˣͻȻһͳŴԵɽڣȻһ磬տһٿȻ֡
ֲáֲðһɽŵϵĲͭǮɫ¶һĨȻ
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ĻԵѾˣŵùңٸǰһط߻Ȼִڹȣ⼲ȥ
ȥ۾΢΢һУЩͷһμͷ˼вɷһ󾪲
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·ԣӿһĨƵŭ𣬡ҪҪһȥһХ룿
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77 ī
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仰˵зǳķܷƣһ󷨵ĺġ
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Ϊĥ־սɳϲɱǧη塣һһɱ¾սıǻۡ
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ŨѪҺһɹգ˱ǵѪŨĿҪ

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ཻһ̶ļϫײӰƮƮȻ˺ʮɾ롣
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䵶һˮһ㣬ֳֿкתֱܸ߳ˣҪ

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غХ罣Уһʱ֮ǧзưô꣬¡¡ϯī

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78 
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Ȼǽ⣡벻СС;ȻܰΪ˹磬˲ˬīŵŵؿһ۳ϫ漴ϢǣɫϧΪ̫˵ң
ˮնīһȣо޴䵶ʮɵƥâԶĳϫһɨȥ
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79 ֮ս
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ڤˮӿϣبᴩյһɫŭţӿţҪһж塢顢
УϫɫеһݣһҶƼƮҷ޶ֶб˴򷭸Ŀܡ
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ʱһĽŲ𣬷ڵĳȻʧžֻ֮ԽԽӽĽŲڻص
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Ԫ⣬ǱѺһɣббģǲڵϡ
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ʮΪͻƻͥ磬׼Ѫ컯׼˳ҺǱԼϫһ鿴ҲǾϲѡ

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ϸҲ֮ԽԽԽԽ
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ϸˡϫɰ׾ƿеŨҺ˿ûֹͣ˼
׾ƿеһҺڽϸʱĵǧųϫףϸٶȱ죬ƿڽʣǧҺҲڷɿʧš

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нУ֮ȴ֮ǵĴӵ֮ǿĻҲϼѡ
ֻʵսĥ־ձķȻҲգҲһ;
ϫӵз뿼Щ⡣
ԲʱѾﵽΣ֮ʱϵĽҲǼΪˣһķ֮⣬żĲ棬ټҹҹʱʱ̵̿Ľţһ㶼ʿƿǰ
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ſҲô˻ᣬϵɻһһλ̣ڳϫϣλϤĴڣһһָ㣬ϲöſ춼ΪΣ·ƮƮġ
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ԴӳϫնɱˮԳͭɽӥīԼХ֮ͷ֮ٲȻѳɽԲʮ֮ڵһ
ǣҲ˳ϫ֮󣬳ϫͷ죬ǧ޲η塣
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ȻԨǱϾϽ֮أɡ塢ѧԺƼڴˣϽʿеʥء
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97 Ѫɱɱɱ
һڤɽĲսϫμһҪԭ򣬶ԴκεˣҪκα׼ٶɱˣԶȡʤĲ
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98 Ѫɱɱɱ
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ܣҲţУɫŰϵɭɭӿаϢޱȵŨңȻ嵽ϣʮĶСıƣ֮ϣһͷſʱƱɫԲڵȻɢ
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һŭ𣬰һָǧСı滯ǧֱУзɽгǹдꪡ˫棬ӨӨаɭȻӰкХ£̵ǿ׹䡣
滯Ծ洫һУһڼȡİ׹Ǳ澫㱻һϤͿգκϸʿմһ˿׹Ǳ棬Ҳ˲䱻ʴٻ꣬ҾͲɱķڰգŵϵĳϫЦѡ
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ԭƾճһ쫷磬ǿֱֲѷɣתšš֮ʯ屻𣬻ϸķĩķݸǱݿ̮ʯľ졣
ǴӰպХµǧû͸ĭһֱص쫷У˲䱻ʧһ㷴ûС
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нǿһУķ֮⣬ǻͥʿҲҪݱܷâܹģ

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˼飬ͷ֯һ̣˶ܣȻǱǰһĻŻˣεѡ
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ʱͻȻ֮䣬ԶһȣһӰӰһ»۵ӣɫǣ磬Уٶȼ죬գ֮䣬ʮ·˲շɵڰУһӣһڻϼƥӿײ˳ϫ쫷磬ʱ֮䣬ײʧΡ
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99 Ѫɱɱɱģ
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ĺɫУһӰҸۡȥ
˿̳ڣ˶֪ϫˣҹһ˴ҸۡԭΪϫɵǣȴҸۡڳһĲҺ׵ıըսһ̶ûֹͣ
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һУλϲٿڷɽͬһһ߮еĳϫնɱȥ
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ԶսȺУ뽩״̬սѶԳϫʵƳ֮
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ȥܲߡ
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100 Ѫɱɱɱ壩

仰Զսһʿɫһ䡣
н磬лɽһÿӴļҲԼĵϲһ֮Ĵ󣬷֮ʣԲᷢ
˿ΪɱϫһˣҾȻҪ״ֱǧ꺱ҵʷҲûгֹ
ҲӲ֤һ˵ĳϫѾвҵĴˣ
Ϊʶ˵㣬ԶսʿŸɫһ䣬ҲٴζԳϫʵ
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ϫڵأ˲۵Ѫ֮У૵үүô¶ˣڱ˴ģҳһףҲҪǾǵѪҳһꡭ
֮󣬳ϫӵվͷиǵĽһеĹĻǱ߲ݵı棬Ǵԩʬ׹мȡаԿڤȫ
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һԿڤȫĴ󣬾ϫһƳҽһеķʲô
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ϫһӣǣҸۡصÿ䡣
䣡
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101 û
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ԶսˣȼգҸۡûһɺ䣬׹ߡ
һԾ̳ǵһǧ֮õļ壬ȴһһǰֻǸƷѧͽ쾳꣬һ¾
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ϫ͵ҡҡͷһڣǿ԰ѹеĺ궯֪Լڵ״̬κһ˵Ķ֡
ܣΨһĻ·
𲻲գǰܵҪһͱȷԼȥֻлȥбǿĿܣԼһ飡
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С˵Ļܣ˵ڳﻮأٶ֣ҹζࡣһ޹װ欵ΨһһŮʿԵ쳣ҫۣȷʵӲ䣬ɱڡ
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һڹѪɷ飿նһȾѹͿڼԶһӰͲӰ
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׷ܲ˶Զ
նһŭһԶԶ׷ȥ
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ӢС˵ǸһСͯ࣬һζģ¸˷緶۵պȴԻɰĸо
óϫԼܵܳ껣źǣıȣܵܵͯԼҲ࣬ޡոһգ˵ƤˣһЦû˵
ˣϫһ
ӢСƲƲ죬ˣҾڷҡ
ҲֱŤϫΪȻ˵Ҫҽװɣ
ӢС֣㡣
⽣ڣ𾳾ʲôطܲ߳ȥϫ˿ܣʵ
ܣ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷ峺ڵﷺһ˿ȵĿĽΪҲȥڣڣ֮أΪ˱ңͨٴ˼ռ䣬ΪıǷֹץסҡ
ٿռ䣿ֶҲ̫˼ˡϫһͻȻôģ
ָָһѰ׹ǣ˵һҲǴڣĽƣ˽н޳ֻ϶
ǣôʿûһĵˣᣬ˵ôԼڵģ
ϫͷʵ̫ɻˣ֪嫺ɳĮдֲĽơżżĿռѷ졣ƫƫû뵽ԼһҲᱻУЩƽ˽һУ뿪ط
Ǽ֮ǣΪһ壬ˣ˭뿴ң˵⣬һɨգٴλָǰȻСģҼԲء
ϫɲСһˣȻԭˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ
٣̫ˣ˵СȴüЦǹ˼󣬿ͻˡ
ǸϲСһﰡϫһЦȻȥȽһخǰ˵ܵõȥİ취
뵽⣬ϫ׹УͬʱֳһԪһӿС
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һ׹ֶ𣬵ڰգţγһ޴Ķڣڰ
Ȼģخǰ˵ĲҰΪϸ磬ܴ׹еĶšϫͷһ󼤶
ʲô氡ವһ·ɵǰ´
ҪȥһطҪҪһȥϫƳһСףʵСһԳϹż𽣵Ļǣüخһ棬˵Ʋ
𣿡ֵ۾ȴŶڣһ汦Сģ
ȻǡϫЦЦʮ㣬˼ɾȾˮΪϲ
Ǻðɣҽ룬ֻһΣ²ΪŶôˣ̫òˣȵҰ
ϫһǰһ̤˶ڡˣӰʧãеĶҲʧ

һı̲ݵϣһƺƵĴӣιˮĽǰһͷ
ڴ룬һֱɽ壬¾ͣͨڣݲƵϱߣɢļµĿֲϢ
棬ϫһνʱĹ⾰һʧ񣬡ʱΪؾҲﵽϸǣҲ۳ƣƿѾ߱˴һ֮صʸˣ
ϫĺÿ죡
γ죬һɳƵ¡¡һ̤ˮȻǼخ
خǰǵϤӰϫѿںм֮
ȷ۳ˡخ´˳ϫһۣϸһ˿ѵõЦݡ
ϫЦõһЩʯԲڶ̶ʱס
ԭˡخͷȻ¾֮ΪԭΪҪ깦أ벻ܻʯĻԵν񰡡
̸Եϫͷ̣ʵخǰ׿أ
خһָĴӣ˵̫ʱûԱںӵ˯ء
ûԾ˯ϫЦԷǣ֪ܹˣؼһһޣϲʳ䱦øֱﵱʳյĶУȻҪӡ
ιͷ˭ڳϫƨɺߵವһ·ɵգ˵ڱﱻӵĲ
ꣿخɾһĿףҪһеϸ͸
ɫһ䣬ǰͷ͸һɶĲɣУѹ
𽣵ӦǻĹʱڼڵĽУӵнĻ˵ĽΪɵزӦþ߱ɵʵˡخ˼صͷ
خǰȻϵϫһϲ
ô֪Һû˵Ҽ˵ɣ۾˼顣
خȻһЦٶ˵ϫƽꣿƷʴ͸̻˵ȫУıɼҪͷ­ְ
ôɶҪͷϫһԼ嫺ɳĮһ˵˳
ռѺۡżơڣ𾳡خƬ̣һ˿󣬡òһħսɣ
ôҲ֪СٴνеخĿһ˿η
خ΢΢һЦٴκСһ˵ĸûưɣңȥ崳أʱҸһϲ˵ţƳһס
ҪǲеҲ˳κνģһᱻҲˡ
ϫЩΪѣΪϲСˣȻĽС
خҡҡͷεȻˣҾͲˣ֮Сһӵпǣ
خû˵꣬㱻׵ľϣ㾹Ȼһֱķ
ʲôϫȻؿǰһĻԺƴ˼Ҳ벻йκǵһ˵
û˵׷ɿ˵һܹԷΪǣʿһϴ;
ģϫͷ÷ʿһٴֶֻˡ
ȷġخͷַֻڻĹʱڵĴУʧãû˵ҲȻַҪͬɣȴڻĹʱڣҲֻмһС鷨ܹ֤ô
γһϣұһɽĻǣϽϴӴʵޱȣд˻Եˣ
СϸһĨᶨ֮ĹһһٵʱҾͷģһҪһҪ̤ϴеˣΪ˱ѩޣ
һ̣ϫϣ·𿴵ԼӰһǿҵĹ
Լ޿γΪ˸үүһ屨
γΪɣĸ
ô˵ͬˣخ
ǰ㻯ҡವһ·棬ڵأ̬Ϲ
خƳԱĳϫһۣҪҪӵСһ֮ǻԽԽǿ
ϫ᲻Ը⣬Ѹóݸ˼خ
ȥɣһúһʵɱ˵ʱٴȥҲ١خȻԸ
ȥϫϲǰƿڣ𾳵ķ
Сô⣬ȥȥˡخЦһ㼴һӣ˴֮Уʧ
һ֮غ죬ֻ൱һ죬ǿڼʱٴʵ
ԨǱʱһҪȥݷöľǣҪȥһܵܣҲ֪ƽڹúòá
ϫһĿ봣Ĺɽ壬ԥżһ棬֮ɽзȥ
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ڹ¾ɽΧٵĽƱ͵رһ¡¡ӿһɿֲ֮ſѪڵԶžޣκη˲Ϣѳϫ˽ȥ


106 ɳ
տϣʯ޾ͷ֮ǰһƬɫϫŵ棬Ž´ĺظУвһŨص֮
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ϫֱħ֮󣬱ϰֲֿ֮ͨٿӵĪܣءɽǺպĴͨ
ʿݷսͬħͨͶ֮䣬ɰɽ󺣣ժǶգνͨ󣬴ָͨħƿصĿֲ
ղһ仰˵ģҲԣˡ¾֮ӵ˼̳зǰ²ʸ񡣸󴳶ʿͬһ֮أֻᱻص䡭
ϫԺзɿ˼ӼخõһϢȻˣҾͷһҲɳжԼҪսսƣߣһҪǶӡͨ
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ֻǹУӿƺˮľ޴ƻǻƱǱͨƣѪͫƵģ׹¶֫޴Ĵӷ籼ףŲȫɢϢ
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ɳ棿ϫ۾һУвһɹ۽ƵĹս⡣
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ϫʩչ¾֮Ƶ磬˲ʮİɽϣ˷ɳ棬ڵϱ򣬸ɡ
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ΧֻɳſѪ˻̤ʯ¡¡ϫȥӴٶȴǿľˣֻһգۣѳ嵽˳ϫǰ

ϫһƮһãٵķ磬˱ڤɽܣӭͷɳȺС
˱ڤɽǻƽ׼Ʒ쳣л̺ŵ⾳ļ磬ֲޱȣ׵ͷɳ滹ûüӦ㱻˱ڤɽ鵹أ֫һء
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׵˹ȻֻʯϿ½ڣ֣ҹĦ֮ܰ𽣵ϤգҵĽضܸһ¥

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ɱϫٶ룬Ⱥһɱ¾һϸ۲죬Ҫɳڡ
ʩչնɱǧŰͷɳ棬Գϫ˵һɵ񣬱ϾŸáʩչΪɬһûһͨΨһսģֻСȭˡ
ΪҪǣԪ绯ݷ޷ʹãٶϾҪ࣬ɽҰɳ湥£ʧȥٶȣѹҪ
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֪սˣˣûüϫһҧӼӶһ϶ϡջطɽ
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һ죬ɳһ壬˲ѳɷĩֱ͸ֽһ
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ɣ
κһּգڴﵽĵز֮󣬶Ծʩչ⣬ȴǿֲ֮
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ʱţ˷ɳԽԽϫҲгòӴ˹ȡ
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Щ˰գ۱㼴ָϸ磬ѾԶϱЩС˺Ӱ첻˳ϫжôȥҲԽԽ

һյ蹦ȥϫ쳤ХһϾǷִ֮ɫѪƤĤֻ֮ʣһɲǾǶӡͨĿ꣬ԾɻǧͷȥǺľҲ޷Ŀꡣ
ǿҵĲӿȫ̼óϫ̣忡ҲŤõǶӡռ쵰߶Լٲôȥȥˣ
ɱ
û˭赲ǰĲ
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ҪǿҪսҪĿ꣡
ɫؼ䣬ɳ治ȥµĵøϢҲǿ
Χһͷͷɳǰͺ̵Χɱϫ޷ŲתƣҲԽԽĿеսȴӷ񣬸Ӽᶨ
䡣
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䣡
ϫֻϣƯУ£޾ˮӿɳ档
ǹĴϣɢһ˿˿ɫ壬ȣ֣ɢһɴʹϢ
һ̣Щɫ类һȺᵽѪȵ㣬˷볯Լӿ
һ˿˿۳һƣ۳һɹɡ

ϫشĸоѹŷ֣֮䣬֮ӿԼڣȪˮһŸɺԵ໴Ѫ⡢ǡƤĤ
ѿݽߵҲڲӿǡڽʸߡ괺ػ»


107 Ƕӡ
֮
ƣ
֮䲻ӿĴϢԼѪƤ䲻ϱǵϫͷʱ
ǶΪԼĵ׼ʥأ
ֲüخǰҰΪϸ磬ҽԭ֮һֿܼزڵ
ɱ
һȣƻХϫ̤أںش֮ϣΪһ塣
һ̣оԼƬɫصףأɽһȭҳΧգεУȭͷΪԭ㣬ʮڵ֮߶۶ƺһȭһնһ㣬նݡ

ըףһö͸ƵȭӡֶХ糱Ұޣ˺ҧŶĤǰ۵һ㣬˺ѿܲı
ۡ
һֱϵʮͷɳ棬ϳͬСѪǵ齩ϣǻû׷ʲô顣
ۣ
ۣ
գ۵ʱУϫٴγȭܼͺֻһۡͼɳȺУűֱѪͬʱ֡
ױȵĴ͸
ݿ࣡
ֻȭҳʮͷɳȻأϽһڴСѪ
ʹ죡
ϫս쭣ֻ޾ѾõϺˮҪբй˷ӿɳ棬ͳйĿ꣡
ɱ
ϫʼзɱ

Ĵӵײخ͵̧ͷзһ˿Ц⣺Сӣ֮İˣ˵ǶӡͨҲؼյʱˣ

У߳ĸ񷢳һлڴ
ףСҲôͿʼ뽣ˡخͷһڵĽϣһڹ⣬һݡٶȣò˰꣬Ϳɹˡ
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һͷëѩʨʨСޣڼخн겻˻һ۾۰Ͱ͵Ÿһ˿ĿˮΡѾһûԶˣöö
׿خһְס̵ԴЦȳϫȥʱԾ䱦Ի
ء׿۵СͷخƣϲؽлȻ˼خĻ֮ͨ

ϣصƷɫĝؼ֮ԴԴϵӿڣХڳϫѪƤĤ֮ڡ
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ûˣϫȻ̧ͷܣһƬžɫ֮䣬ûһͷɳ棬ϵĶ֫кʧ֮ǲãһƬӣ͸սʱһģһ
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ʱ֮һϵĺ棬һ˲۳һɸߵľ޴Ӱ£磬֮䣬¹ӺƵɢ˵ĲϢ
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ӰǸǧʱգͬʱ̧ͷңңĿӵһ̣鷢ˡ
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·ѣϫо궼һںһɹɹϾԶƳһӿУϫļ
ʼˡӵײخ̧ͷĿģƿ֮ڵһУ鸴ӣοڴ˸УǶӡȥˣҲ֪˭ϵͨ
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ϫ˺ͷƤ飬׹ߣǰһĻ޾ĳ𺳡

һǹֱӷϫһͬһ㣬١䱳УһѰϸ΢ͼ·ӣһͨ
ͨɣܶԵѺ֪رģ޿׹֮ġ
Ӵĺĳӣؼ䣬죬Ȼʧϫһ𣬻Ȼǹ⾳ѹ
ϫǺЦݰ꣬Ʊͷȣඥϥöʶʳһζλɬµ־䣬һĻ档
Ƕӡ
һأ֮
ڶأľ֮
أ֮
أ֮
أˮ֮

ܹأϫֻܡһ֮֮ʣȴһν赲ͬ￴һƬʲôҲ
ܻͨǶӡĴУѾϫ˷ܲѣûе˿ʱ䣬ϥأĴĦ
ͨ󣬷ޱߡ
ͨħֶ֤Σֶ֤Σ·ͬ;ͬ飬ֱָԴ
ħΪ¯Ϊ΢ɣÿһ΢ϱһ΢أ磬ܡ˵һɳһͬĵ
ǽ΢ϣ۳ʽƣӶӵзأժյͨ¾֮ǽǳɷ΢ϣơ
ϫڱϵƣɷܹѪƤĤ֮۳
׷ԴʵҲһ
֮ͨΪһֶΡ
Ժ»һ顶Ƕӡһصȷûκ©֮󣬳ϫſʼ
ںХѪƤĤ֮䣬ֱۡת

һɷΧľ޴ƾճ֣Ե絶ͨǿɫ·ϣǳתݣ𣬸һ֣һΡبɽϢԾΪģܺȻɢϵĺǱϢѹôѡ
飡
ֺݺݳһģһĿľľ޴ӡĵѿƵѺۡ
߽һǵµӡֱһָԨмʮ


108 ƾɡ
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ǶӡϫҲˣһ֮£ݣѣʯɽĲ˼顣
⻹ոͣǶӡҲֻɷΧСгɾͶ㲻ϣΪŴԶ˵ĻĹŴͨҪֲ
֮Ũңֱ޾ڴ˿ʯҵץʱ䣬úһΪ
֮֮صĵһأռخǰ˵ȥ죬Źȥһ죬ʱűûֱİ
ԨǱȻаʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ļ൱һ룬ҰΪһˣ
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ϫһĶͷһƾʧ
خǰϴ֮ϣϫ

һĨ⻪ӺˮзӶϫץסȻһö
ǡ¾֮ϸĹȥɣúʩ｣飬ûнҪ黹ĪҪҡ
ϫ֮ǰõġ¾ֻ֮˽ϸĹϸصȴûˡ
˿ݼخΪ˶ȴ뼾خѲ³⣬ڣ㼴ѹ˳ϫ΢΢һ㶣ӿһĨůخǰһֱڹעҵ
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һ̣ϫٴγһ֮ءһ֮غѿˡ
¾֮ϸأ弡Ͽ΢ϣ۳ŸƣҲƪľƪƪƪˮƪȾƪ
ԭǶӡ롶¾֮ศɵģ߽ϣܷӳǿգ֮ǰ֮ûлǶӡĴУǰҺɡ
أеݣϫвһ
Ƕӡһ֮ңӦԽǶӡԽ
ͬġ
ڶľ֮ľӦ
ظ֮͸Ӧ

˵ͨǶӡҪԲ磬벻¾֮

ϫһоԼˣһ֮һ֮ͨУȱһź
У֮Դûٵʱ䣬ϫʼϥ˹
ɫ֮䣬ֻһӰĬأӰΧաءɽ壬ںһؼ֮׷ӿӿ뱳ƣתΪѪƤĤ丵Ϫ
һУô

ڳϫʱ嫺ɳĮԵֵҲԭĵطնһλռһͥʿ
ܲˣȥԼ۹ͷĴƺǳƵա
ʦܣԣٹʮҲ޲ͥڣնһüͷһ壬ɨ˹ȥǳ
ͥ磬ǼȡȫԪʹ֮ڣڡڡڡԲĸȼȻնĺ۹ͷӣΪڻͥҡ
նηնһƣƲƲ죬ٷɧˡ
ʦãͳȥôмϢնһĿתƣ޸ϣʵ
Ѿ峤ǲʦ˵أò˼ձִܵնỺ˵
ʦ壡
ԣ˽ɫһݡ
ԨռΪ֮һܹ˴šѧ࿹⣬Ϊڶ࣬Ϊڣʮǽ𵤾ռ֮Щϲռұ޿ɺ
Щͥʿֻмֻ̤ǽ𵤾ܳΪռҳϣһȨλޱȡ
䣬һλǽ𵤾ʿͬʱҲռҵĳ֮һպգ
ôնԾ΢ȻλϣŲСԹߺͼɵ
̬ǶʦĴ󲻾ٿڳԣɾͱҲˣնһѵ
ʵնһҲʹ죬ԭһΪռҡֱĻͥʿݵλǼ˶硣
Ȼڰǰת䡣
һʱһżУ˭Ҳ֪˶ٺôǵصʱΪѴӻͥһٽǽ𵤾˲壬λҲ֮ˮǴߣϵУڶ೤һһԾΪռӵܾĽĴ
նѵ⣬ȴǲٳĬֵϾǲģ׷ɱϫʦֵ˵飬ܳɹСӴӽɶõıҲԷ󲿷֣һˮһգʲôҲòˣ
ʦ塭ӦòԶʳɣԱߣһ˫ü絶˵
᣿նԶΪ㰵ֺ飬ǲ֪նм˵
ѪˣնԶȻŭ
ѪˣҪҪó֤ݸ㿴նԣͱˡ
㡭նԶȴȻնĻߡ
죡ˣԱߵնһڳĬ䱩ȵûʦ֣ߣվ֪ռҾǱЩȺ֮
ննԶһۣ㬱͡
һʦ֣ҲòһʦˣҪռСϵбǰæһؼڣǵ鰡ϸϸȴһ󺺣ߴ͡
ţʦ˵ĲҲĴ˵㡣һֱڵģʿģӻͷ
ˣһնһնգУҲֻǶ˵Ļ٣һ·ĬĬԣֻ˿漰棬̿ڡ
նһ˼ļһҲˣҲ̬ЦҲͷ۵ģǰһԳֹһռҳ֮һλ⣬̵бҲ޿κΡ
벻侹ȻʦͷˣⰡ
ʱԶһһɳĺɳ۶ֻһգ۱㼴ǰ
һ꣬촽絶棬һѾɢϢԲʮڵɢѡ
ݼʦ壡꣬նһ˻һæ
ߣɨһˣ࿴һնһŻģҴ˴ֻЭóϫСʲôɲϡ
նһ˻һۣĻ̶֮лǰ˿ٺòˣ
˵С嫺ɳĮȷǵ֮Ҳ׼ɳ쫷Ϯ
˵ţһףһѴɡն𣬶ȻʮɷΧס
ɡ״ͨɢɡ˸ķģУ֣ɢơ
ƾɡ
նһһ漴¶һ˿˿֮ɫѻɡһؽƷ̫ΪǼƶɣϸӡžǧԵĻǣ侪ˡ
ֵܵϰϵҺ
߰ɣһһ¯ҩƣץСӣҵøϽȥһӣһƬʮɷΧƶˣٳ嫺ɳĮгȥ


109 ޼ƾ
䣬ȥ
ʿԣʱһöųļʸת˲š
һ֮أʱ䷨ĲͬʱѾȥһˡ
ʱУϫϢйɣ롢塢޽ʵķҵʱ򣬾ָΪʣԻΪֽġƣ׭д֣Ҳеį
ڤɶٵʮöƷеǱĴĦ£ҲǴодڵϵķƣܴﵽƷ֮Уֻһܹ󣬳Ϊһʦˡ
ƷһƷǻ
ÿһͽջķ
Է࣬ϸϸֿ֣Էľˮࡣ
κηӲУҲ⡣
ƽṹѧϰǴӻ֣仰˵ÿһֻһַĽṹл֣ÿһԵĽṹֲͬƵǧǧ޾
ҲʾķҲǧǧҪͨлͲܡ
ֻҪܹڷֽϻƳһķƽṹɳһƷܹƳķͼʹ֮ͬ໥ӦɳƷεӣܹһŷֽϻƾŸķĽṹʹ֮໥Ӧһ壬ɳƷ
žŹһܹһľƷһľƷһγӣɳΪʦķҲ߱󷨵ĳΡ
ңﵽʦˮ׼԰Ѳͬķƽṹ׭졢̡ʯ֮ϣ˲ַ󷨵
֮ܶǷ󷨣ƽṹĵڡ
շƽṹܻذ壬ǧеһ嫴ԹܱԷɾͲɾģ
ϫѴﵽ⾳磬һķ֮⣬ټչ񣬶ԷҲˮɣͻͽò˶ãΪʦҲǲܡ
ΪϲǣԷ¾֮ʱܹ׾ٵظеİ侫ڡ
ǰЩ죬ϸʱԭɬܵľƣ׾ٵ۳ɹˮ˳о񶼼¡
ƣ䣬ȻγɣγؼƵһ֣
ǻ֪ϫ壬ǶӡʱԾԷ֪ʶȥ۲죬ȥĦиΪεɻ֮Ȼʣһ;̹
ĺôڴˣη⽣ʱϰнʱ򣬶벻ķãԽ֪ҲԽԽ̣ʩչĽҲ֮ǿ
νһͨ
һЩԶŴܣܹǧ⣬ڻͨ򷨹һƿվɾϵ;
񣬳ϫֻһ֮⣬ڷĸֻܳƵСɣкԶ·Ҫߡ
ˣʵҲĴˣ֮һЩɵĺĵӣҲǺѷɫй֮
һ죬ϫӴ̧ۿһұڣϱ߿̻һһʱ䡣
ô͹ȥһˣԹȻû󣬰׾Թ϶Ҳֻγɣʱһ˿СͬˣȻƿʱŤתǬıʱŵٶȡ
ϫûйпվӣεӰݹͣƮȻʱⲢûºۼһ㣬ƵȻһȴƾһɺ纣У˲㱻
Ҳ֪С׺͸ûСˣ뿪˵͵ȥԨǵĲ
ϫ룬ڴˣӰһΣʧ

ڳϫһ֮뿪֮ʣ嫺ɳĮУһ߰ˣһͨתĴɡ£Ѳ߮Ѱʲô
ǿ񱩵쫷硢ŰɳֻҪǣᱻɡӿĽⵯȥҲˣһзɶ嫺ɳĮУԵüΪڣƽء
ʦ壬ⶼѰҰˣûСӵһ˿ټ᲻Ǳɳɵˣ
˫ü絶նԶʵУֻĹϵãЩ˵ĻҲֻʡ
ߣһޱ޿ܣǱɳ˺䣬ΪϸʿϢҲôʧ
ڹɳشѰųϫټƿɵرܿɳ쫷磬û˭ҷɾ裬Ͼ֮غųƵ嫺ɳĮĿռѷ졢ſĽơżһЩʿ룬ȥ޻أ֤˵صĿɲ
һΪҲֻһˣǽ𵤾ʿһ󾳽磬ȻԴ⡣
ҹԼյؽ񾭣ǵҲһĥͿټûзֳϫһ˿ټǵҲ
䣬鼫ԭΪֵ飬ȴû뾹֮ã˵ˣëûץȻԸʹ졣
ץСҷǰƤɣ
кݺֹһ䣬ʱһϸ΢ȴһϸһ˿ϲɫ̽óһͨ͸ӣҺˮһɢλðĲɫ
޼ƽ飡
նһ鶼Բˣһɳȵ̰޷εش¶
һżлãһּΪı̽⵽ԲڵһЩؿռ䣬ܹƿһЩؾݣ֮ƾ飬ռѰٵһؾɸл˴Ĺ伮ҩ䱦Ԩ𼫴ĺ䶯նһΪռһԱ᲻֪޼ƽĴ
нӴѾ£ؼʤؾʿȥײԵѰԼĻˣ绽ľǿߣΪһЩϹŴУΪͽ̶µģ
ӵ޼ƽ飬͵ӵ˿ЩؾԿףԵҲһʣʿ˭ܲΪ֮Ķ
ҲΪӵд飬֮ԨҲ׹ռҵĳϵλҲβƣų޷󼰵Դ
֮ڣһռڣ̧һɨֿ˿޼ƾ飬Դǿ϶֮
᲻һϹŶ
Ҿãпǳϫ֮ء
ʲôȥ֪ˣǶؾǾͺݺѹһǳϫ֮أץס³ɶеı
ʦڣǺγ²ɣ
еƣһɨգ׷Դ֮䣬Ҳжķа֮ʡ
߰ɣʱжٲǵĺô黺࣬ʿҲˣҲϲƨġ
лʦ壡նһ˽Դϲѣܡ
˱ӶȥûãһͰɳ𣬵޼ƾһĲʹλ
ȥһ޼ƾգͨϼɢʹʮɳƥٿȻɨܡ

ǲϼƵ⻪£ԭһɳϣطһ͸ĲıǽƵģŤţ֮
ȻһؾǸ󣬱ˣҲȲǡԸһһ޼ƾ飬Ťõ͸С
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ˣ
޼ƾĲʹ£͸ŤĲ񱻴Ƶݣѿһķ϶ʧã㼴ʧ֮䡣


110 
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ϫһһ֮سԶԶ㿴خںϲݵϣڵԼˡ
ܲخڳϫһɨѰʱɹϸһ˿Ц⡣
ϫЦЦ̹ȻȴǵȻƽ֮ϾһʱָڵҺķ˼ʮʯҲõϰٿţûһĻǾ̫ûˡ
Ѱƺã㿴ɡخ˵ţƷһ߳ӳǰͨڣڹ⣬ɢһ˿˿Ϣ
ûʲôͬϫӹԼ鿴ʱ䷢ˡ
ݣ
ӿһɺƵļϢڹһѻһСˣƮƮüĿӢ֮Ưڰգתһ˿˿â绡ƣư𡢸һɲļϢ
Сף
ϫ۾˲׹ڼخ󣬸ѲǴǰǺΪһ壬һ
ңԭ̻֮ҲϵļȫںϣϢвļϢֲϫеһ˿ļ¡
ϫѾˣһԾϳϫ۾Цһ£Ȼ֮
Ŷжϫ⻹ĵһܹķ֮ǰҲûҲκ飬Ȼޱȡ
һɫһһףǼΪŭǼΪɥþòڡ
ϫæοʵҲûϵ㲻ôֻҪȥһԱǿġ
𣿡׾һСӿһ߷߲֮ɫګګ˵Ҳ޷ʵȷܲ࣬ͥʿһɡ
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ϫסˣʵǺܲĻԼ㲻ˣ
ЦңʵǰģɫôôӲǲǿңʵҲúܶ˰׼ϫСˣҲԽԽ͡
ϫɫ׽סˣСһڳԼôôô
ģʩչʱѰһ˿ӡСһԺֻʵ£ȥ㡣خΪϫɫǵ׻ƿء
ҡֻ֪н磬ͥʿʵܲôϫ̾Ϣ

خЦףϫǱ׸ղŵĻ̼ˡ
خǰڳЦ𣿡׵ɫѿаԷݣһҪúĸо̫ˣ
ԣخЦˣֱЦŶֱ
خǰҴ뿪ˣ֪߳ڣ𾳣ϫæתƻ⡣
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Сһڳϫ˫׷ٶȽǿ磬Ĳֺ
ȥ֮һЩòϵķιιϾؼһһޣӿɲһ¡
خЦѾȥϵϢؼ䣬ǹ컯Ĵߣ˭ϲʵݡ
ţһչ˺ġϫͷܾ£ˣ˵ޣĹŵ߶۲֮ԲɳһЩ顣
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خһӣһȻĪľӿϫֻǰһڣһ̱㼴ʧڶڡ

ޱȹΰĴУǹϸĺۼƵΡ̨סʯصɭɭ׹ǡ
˵˶׹ǣѵһͽõĽأ
Ŀһɨŵϸİ׹ǡ⼣߲ʴѵͷûһɼ¶
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ǰԭΪϫģ˭֪Ȼһطǻ
ǵģҲ֪˭Ա˳ŵģһտռʲôӳ˰ɣ

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һѣпһȷͬ˵ĴȷžЩ죬֪䣬˸ָ
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飡飡飡
˵ʱӿ˴ģı֮ಣһڷɽƿնԶĳϫݺɱȥ
˵ɱɱһ仰ûУ֮


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ÿɽֲͬɫϣ֮ڰһһɿֲɱ֮ӿѸڵն̵ѣеİ׹ǡΡʯĩ׷
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Īһη԰ϢģʧϢȴ޷ڵģ

նһ˾ɲղѾԵϫսʽթһ֮Сķֱ͵Ϯˡ
ʵϫԭظûֻϢپȥκϢѣķԽɶеƷ۳ʶĴʿͲĴڡ׶˾ֻܴھֹ״ֻ̬ҪһӰϢ㼴¶š
ˣֻҪõĺãϢپǱаɱʱһһ
ϫûжȷնһûкҳԼ֮߳ʱעͶŵС׺սС
ֻһ㱻֮սסĿ⡣


112 նɱ
ǽ𵤾ȷֲܿŭԹ̰աԩɵķɽۺɢŨΣɢ˱ǵаɱϢȺħ裬ԩ޺̶ŵѰϸʿεѡ
ӰҲƮһĨӰһ㣬İ޹⣬һ̻һ̱㼴ڼʮ⣬óǱӰĹȡ
ϫĿģСס
Сһ˿ѻһ߳ĸ񣬸ڳϫвͬ˿̵ĸͨ׹˸绡ž֮ͲļںϣֱңÿһնһƬٲ绡׷Ļɷĸѡ
֮䣬ɱһаۻ֮
߳ÿһ磬ڵ֮֮Ƶ糤һ㣬֮ǰڳϫУû֮һ
𽣵һйڼžÿһ̳ǾϢһ˿ûУ˲ưƾճ֣ʤע1
߽ϣС׾ϱȲǿ󣬵Ϊռ𽣵֮һƽ꣬ӵ˸Ϊɣս๦ͨĳϫҪͣ
һʱ֮䣬׺սǳֳֵľ棬ϫԼնһ˽Կҡҷ
Ƿˣô˿ֲʦɷĸǴżлõᵽҲû˶Է
ꣿ񰡣ݽѵͨķǡֻд˵еܰɣ
ҵǾãǶ϶һ˲õıֻҪ˵ʦʵٶȱǣ
ʦΪѴﵽ⾳磬ڤ⣬ƿаҿò˶ñȡʤ
նһ˽꽻һ߸пս֮׳һ߾ɨܣһҲɶԳϫĲ̽
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ϫаһ֮У翵ģ϶ɽ磬ɭֲģظɡ˵ǵظ֮УֻأȪѪءɭ޴й١ȵĪ˺
ϫҲֻŶѣ۽޷ֲֿ֮Ĵڡ
Ÿʲôⶫ
طһŭȣĽԸԭǲԸնһ˵ģڣȴԼһΪǴ˷ˣƽǽĶƣ䲻ܣȴǷƲѣ˿̼նһɵԶԹۣеŭ޷Ƶ
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һ֮رչصʱ䣬ϫ۳ľƣϸأͨǶӡҲľ֮
ǶӡľһԭӲƽ׷ȫһ£ȫ׷
Ҫ֪ǶӡǶ˴µͨڻĹʱڶµϴͨ඼ʧʧĽϣѾˡ
䣡
Ƕӡһ֣㼴ݺһץץסֻСһ㣬ݲκηѽ߬סնһˣںݺһ󣬱һޱȵĲҺٿȻ
ʿεȴնһϵķ¡սҲǻƽ׷Ƕӡľ£ֱֽһûһЧ
δ𣡵δ
ǶӡɿһεѪգڵ϶ѻһ̯ĩ̱ǵѪ˲ÿһС
ĸͥʿǶӡһץ飡
һ̣³ϫԼһĻҲɰ𾪲ѣ֪Ƕӡֲ֮Ȼ˿̣ĸͥʿһཬǶӡ
һûأѪƤĤڵҲǼΪɲֻһĵ߰˰ˣٿݽˡ
ͨ
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Զս֣һĽӿһĨ֮ɫղŵһĻ˲䣬ȣնһ˱뱻࣬Լ۾
ɶ񣡸սʱ򣬾ȻҷģҲ̫Ŀˣŭ壬һĨ⣬ٴնɱ
ʱϫһǶӡٿȻ𣬻ץΪƣݺȥǸһйҪһټ䣡
ϫ䲻֪ݣȴ֪ǽ𵤾ΪԨռУҲ֮Ĵڣܴ˿նɱ˴ˣռҶԱȻһʹʧ
ɱңһҲ룡
䱩һһУƾɡӿ֣ķתݣȫӿɢҪɡбһŨͬʵʵĻƹȫΧ
ͬʱſһ磬һӲӵĽ𵤵תɳһڣһףǽڣһĨ⣬Ƕӡݺݻɱȥ
һؽƷ
һö𵤣
һ̣˭ڳһĻҲһΪ˭뵽ֻϸĳϫȻܰΪǽʿƵ̶ֳȣ
Ȼ׾ӹΰûճϫ±һѡ
䣡
ı𵤣ֲֻһ˲ϢװǶӡ飬ǳɢ١
飡
ʱ׵һҲ֮ն£񱩵֮ͼ⣬ƾɡҲϵľǱҵö֫ɣһɹûɡСһȴûлķؽ׷ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
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Ƕӡ٣ϫɫ޸ı䣬˱ڤɽη⽣ٴγɱȥǽʿôɱŽˡ
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׼һ֮£һɡûն飬ǲǷŭӰһѻӢСˡ
޳𡢲ΪţΪ𡭡һɬµ׿зɿ
ޱȵĴУش˷һɿֲ𡢲ڻع鵽еļأ˾Ȼ

ߵؽڽڳߣϵϢҲǷһۼѻһɸߵ꣬˫ͬԨݼһƬɢϢһoһ㣬㡢𡢲ɺ
ţ
ձܿϫĽ󹥻ûüоһɼΣյĸоٿȻӿȫͷѹһɴɽ
ʲô
ɸߵݼԨӿɢĿֲϢһ򽾰ԸһеҲɸеһɱĺ⣬׹ߡ
ӣ
ͷո㼴ԥسȥУ޼ƽ鷺λð⻪˲һ͸Ťıϡ
ӣ״߷һ˿仡ȣ˫һеһзƱգݣһѻҰ͸޴󽣴ӿ
ϴ𽣣
һȣ˫ֺ£ݺݳǰһ
ꡭꡭ
Ұ͸޴һն£նһѴ̶ıһĻԭ׼׷ĳϫȻֹӿһĨŨŨĺȻ⽣Ȼ˺գ
ۣ
ֻһ㿿͸ŤıϣȻһȴһңԶҲ޷
Ϊˣͷ֫Ѫ⡭Ծ˵ٶžĿ£ûһһͷ͸ĹһɣգϢʧ

޼ƾ飬ڵ档


113 սƷ
һնմǽʿǶ޿ɶ㣬Ϣ䣬ʬ޴棡
Ǻεȿֲһ
佣Ϊִﵽ˺ֵز
һĻֻһ˲֮䣬ȴϫǿҵĳҡҷþԡ
ؼһ޶ϴ
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׼ٴϢһɸߵںУСˣСɷףƣüȴһƬ֮ɫȻСһܹնɱ䣬ǺԵõġ
ߣٲߣ·Ҫʧˣ
һԾϳϫļͷСһУնһ֮µʹ﷨Ϥ
ϫ̧һޱȹĴУǽڡʯ桭һѷ죬һζݣıԵ
ĵطһŤ͸ֱͨͨ⣬ȻǸղűһݺѷ졣
ಣ
ﻹԥʩչ绯ݷƵ磬ٿȻͨС
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ڳϫӰ뿪Ȼϵİ׹ǡࡢʬȫ񱩵ɣ촷
ӴĽڣ𾳳ʧռһλǽʿλͥʿϤ䣬֮һۼû£ʧĸɸɾ

嫺ɳĮ쫷ХɳŰһǧɳѷǰ
ಣ
һӰӳ䣬ڵϡ
գѣˣ̫ɲˣϫһղŵһĻԾ£ĵҲ֪ЩпٵĿռ䣬ֶοתǬ
ˣˣڳϫǰطţƨɺ߸һĴ﷨нָ߸֮࣬޲ƣҡҷ󣬾һβ͡
𡭡СʨƵİ׿񿴵˵ζ𼱻ǵ׷ףһεģ
Щ﷨ԻͥʿģеһһλǽʿӵУղصıָжأһ붼˷ܡ
ϫҲ¶һ˿Цݣһ֣Щ﷨ϤУʼսƷ
׺Ͱ׿۰Ͱ͵һ࣬۾ģȻԷ֮СһҲжӡ
ĴΣںһӿǹ㣬һ󷨣󡢱ܳˮȵȣ̸϶󣬵һЩΪʵõС󷨡
ϫҲֱһץһԪֱĨȥϵӡϵӡûһ˿ء
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ֱлһѵˣٲ׹䡣
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飡
ëʱһȭõ棬ᣬ˾ƵģҪȴѾϫĴץΡ
ͬʱ͵سǰһ̽һ۵Ĵݳİᵱͷ£һһգѰУƾҲӲϫĴС
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ʱͺë¶ʵ壬ϼƣͨɢһɺȻ纣Ϣ棬ڤ¼֣ʼһ˿ȴƽµǿҸо
ڤ¼ֿһԺ뵽ĶһЩɭɲ飬ȻڳϫǰİᣬȴǺΡ롢ʥظĺȻ̹̹
֧ëʣҲ֪ʲôϴɣͨڣڵûһ˿覴ãһִµĺɫͨ䣬а֣վһ޷Ŀֲɱ
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ϫֻʶгɱ֣ź꽻ѪܣԵҪþ£ɱһˡ

ϫæƲĿ⣬亹죬մˮнݹһڤ¼Ȼаɱ⾿ʲô
ѵǵظֻе汦ԣĹʥ˵УҲıһԣü˼ȻҲϲⶫʲô
򿪿˵
ϫ룬־Ҫڤ¼ȴֻһν͵ӿָ÷鲻ѡ
򲻿ϫ̲ģԪȻƾܻ̽ᱻǹνƵأϫǾơ
𣡡
һԵİ׿ѵȵòͷ񿴵ζһ˻ż̽ӣͳڤ¼ȥȴϫһץסãһ۾أԶڤ¼͵ģ˵ǡ
ϲʳ䱦̶̲סһڣԣһһʱȻһ˲õı
Ҳ֪һǴŪģҲûаɣϫƲѣ֮£ֻȰڤ¼аʶ봢ָٴγ߱ȥ
ȴûʲôٳˡ
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󣬳ϫǷһȻǡɷĸƺа֮
ϫⲿٵжаĶΪų⣬οⲿҪŰɱʮ䲻Ǵͳϵĺˣ飬ȴġ
׸׿ʮŵҩϫĿͶնһ˵Ĵ﷨С
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ЩҪôǵҪôǹҪôաﵽƽƷķɽֻڶãԼòϣƵջ񣡡
ϫҡҡͷڵϻҡβͣԵһİ׿еƸæһǸСһﲹʳˡ
꣡꣡
һڶ𣬳ϫŤͷһȴҲһڻƽƷķɽ̳ԣǶƵģһ죬ݷĲóϫԼ۾
ҡѵֻԻϫͻȻоЩԺȥԼö䱦СһĶӣ
ףôҲˣϫָָбԵòƲķɽ
˵ţһڳеķɽСһһѷɽУҧȥ
ϫٵҲݺһ鴤ͻȻһ£ˣȻܹʲô
ǡ𽣾ղҲˣҿɱһλǽʿģ׽°ͣһһٵƺ
ǽڣеģֻǱһ°ˡϫҲǸס
뿪ʱ򣬼خ˵߳ڣ𾳵Ĺؼװɵ㣬׵ȷɿֲȴתͷϤնɱϡ
ɱľͶˡһЦ벻ϫҴ
ҪΪҲҪ̳ԷˣϫʳԼĵ⡣
ȷǣʿתһҵǷȻҪ̵ķ׳ԼΪߣҪķƷҲߡ˵ţֳԵһش˸á
ȷСһĳԻԣϫҲ̲סͷ̾Ϣѣľ˵һ仰ĸо˭ܶ


114 Ԩ
ƺϫƣСһѶһӣ͸ӨˮΣͨ巺λð
޼ƾؼ汦ǲߢǿյ龧ʯƶɣܹ֪ƿһЩؾıϣô鴳ڣ𾳵ġЦһ䣬׸ϫ
ϫӹУһⶫ˵ȫײԵ
νײԵʿ֮࣬ɻ£Ѱĵرؾ֮УõϹ䣬ҩǾǡԵ񡱣ײԵˡ
ڸжУÿһ궼дĵӣΪ֮̽Ѱ
ΪĥӵԺʵҲмļʻһЩؾ䱦УΪԼôҲΪɴҫô࣬ײԵнʢ֮þò˥
ȻΣǹģؾжŸֽƺͻأЩϹżУǲдֲʵԲпԶͳˡ
ΣչΣգΪ˻ԼġԵʿǰͺ̵ӿײԵ˳УźǣʿؾĴŶҲͱʲôΣˡ
ӵ޼ƾ飬ӵѰؾŵ;ӵ˿ŵԿףӵд˵汦˭ܲΪ֮˷
ϫСİ޼ƾ봢ָУеŻ࣬ʰжһ·򣬳嫺ɳĮȥ
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쫷ɳУһӰƵسԶȥѸʧؾͷ

ԨռңΪԨ֮һ丮ۡռǧĶͥԺ԰¥۴αȣ¶Ϣ
ռĴ̵أ¯£ĸ˺ϱУаɣۻ׳ϵɹꡢסɡٵͼϼɢ֡
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˿̣֮϶һ»ۣͷڵ꣬ŨüĿȧǿһƵ磬ʮ㡣
ڴֱ࣬ʮΣ˿̳һοţʮһˡ
ЩŮ٣һͯģĺСȻòβͬϵϢȴ޲ǿ֮ͷ̨֮ϣһĨǧ
Ȼ͵ΪҲǽ𵤾磡
žŮƳȳȣΪڻͥңռҵм
󣬱һӵܣϰ֮ӢоתӢ䲻
УֻһĿǾһɫȹѵŮӣụ̈续΢͸һ޷εĽȻռҼ飬ΪԨ˫֮һս
ټǰ̡ϣһα˵һڣһɽѹϯ
һǰЩ̳һ屻ɱţռҹϵǳһֱռҵĵ۰ȫ屻ռԵ漩óͽΪұѾõɿϢֱǳϹĳϫ
˵ϫ֣ǶԴǺ֮ǡ
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С壬ռҴϣһعԲŻһͯģʵǧ֮ࡣ
û˵ҪҪϫɱһ壬ڤĽɶ˱ռҵıҲˣܶһɱϼ塣
컺˵Ҫ֪һǰǸ쾳Сϣȴǰλϸɱһա֪ڽɶõ˶ĺôЩôԭӦռҵģ
Ȼ
۵ǽͫǲԼĶ䣬ǼɵѾˡ
һһǰ쾳ļһһ֮һһ壿ӽɶоõ˺εĹͷ
ЩԭǸռҵģ
뵽⣬Щ۵ж¶һŭ⣬޲ھ;ǸгϫĻ쵰Խ³
ռλֱ֣ͥǰóϫҳҲǰò˶ãͽϫûЩȥı
˵⣬촽߷һ˿Ц⣬һռҼȰϱ˳ֶԭǵıҲһ˫áҺͳһЭ̣ЩｱϸӵܣټĿ֮һ
ѱָǣ
ⲻİɣ
죡ǿǽɶеıﰡ
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˿̣ԱߵǾλͥӵܣҲ¶ۼ֮ɫźûǵġ
ྲ岻òٴαȳֹס˵Ҿ档
ȻҪõҲġ
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Ǳȣ
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ٶӵܸĦȭƣ¶ȵĹ⣬ԭҪμǱȣϽӢһ£峤µͣᶨ˲μӱľġ
ܶǰĿɨܣһһٵһƸΪͽ
Ϊڵͽܣ
ڳˣʮһ϶Ǻһϣ¶һ޵㽺ͻȣռ棬ǿռأҲֲһλڣ
ʱһ˻ƼĽӴ⴫峤ˣ䳤ϺͶһԶաλʦıԪϨˣ
飡
豭ڵ棬̻Ի͵һƬ֮С

һգռһλǽ𵤾ʿλͥʿϢһԳһ㣬ɽԨǵС
һʱ֮䣬ȫ𶯣
ռӵʮλǽ𵤾ϣʮλͥʿԨУҲڶĴڡһȥͥʿǻһǽ𵤾ϣ˲ͰռҵӴʵһС롣
ʧ֮Ϣ޲֮
Ǻηʥҳռº֣
һ̽ˮ㱻ɳܿ죬ԨǼõͬһ𰸡ϫ
ԨǾ˵ϫһİ֣֮ȻⲢȥ˽Ѽϡ
ܿ죬ڳϫһϣ˸ϡ
Ϲ¶ɨǡƷѧͽڤ򡢽ɶɱһ塭ÿ϶ϸ֮ѳϫһжھ쾡¡
øȤǣһ֮䣬ӵΪ𰸲ԶڤеĽɶ
ռʧصԭҲ֮ˮ棬ȻΪ˴ϵɸ
Ҳˣһҹ֮䣬ϫ֮ѴԨǣ˸עҪ


115 ս
£һұѹƲ㣬ٳȥ
ϫڴͷžƺ«ʱڣƮ裬ѣٲǴǰǸĬľګˡ
үүĳѾˣһĿԨռˡ
ϫ崣Ժ˼ɣңɾ裬ҳҲֻǸצˣԨռҲĻס
ʵڲףʱΪ˺ԼĻԼռΪɳôͥʿҲףЩռΪָʹңԼɱүүϵܵܳ껵֡
ⱳ󣬾ʲôܣѵҳһйأ
ϫǵãĸѩ˵Ǳ˾ץߵģϲͬ޸ףΪĨȥ裬ҲΪ˵õĸµ׹еĶһյƷ
仰˵ĸѩϣǻٵһ֣
޷⿪
Һãĸѩ˵ʱѸ϶Ͼϵ̹ԸӦеĴۣȴŹ
ҲˣϫǷȥϱ𣬱ǿ϶ģؼĸѩǱץߵģ
ˣ׵Լеĵܵ
Բᣡ
ɣΪʲôҪҴﵽɣٴμĸ׵Ļأѵϵɻֲ
ϫֹһε⣬ȴٳ˼𰸣ֻдﵽɾʱһжˮʯ
ιϫҪμʲôǱȣԶߵСȭͷϲİ׿Ʒ˹
СһгԷȺãһʣϵǢ֮ڳԻ顣
ţ϶Ҫμӡϫͷһ˴н磬ϾǼΪΣյ飬ܰһţɶһɽ
ΪҪǣϰġ׾ֻϸصķҪһΪͻƻͥ磬ѡ
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ơǵҩҺġȵȣ׻ƽǮû粽С
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ǹ似ͨȵȣͬÿʿӵеġ
ءɽ츣أĵطɱҪǿϰٱǧ
ܹһţͬʱӵ˲ơ¡أǰŵĺôʿ˭»Ұɢ޶飬һԾΪӵܣ
ޣȷǣţ˭۸㣬ʦųȾͲӦЦ˵
ֹˣţұѧø෨似һЩͨҲǲܡһܿҵ۽硣
˵⣬ϫԳһЦǰҾ̳ǺܴЩﶼ˲ĺܣҲϡƽĽҪʵ߳ȥȥش
˵ĺã׸̾Ҽ˵ˣ״Ϊĥ½ʲôյĵطûȥ
СһװϳɵرԼϫݸһЦֵ˵СԴ˵û꣬˭
ҡҡͷܸ˵֪ˣĻҲ㲻Զˡ
ϫҲǿСһԼ빲ô϶Ϊ˱Լ⡣
ಣ
ٷɳۣܿȥ졣
ԨԽ·ϼʿԽ࣬ɺ׵ģнŲȷɽģҲϫԦġ
ϫһʿ˫Ų֣ӿ˼䣬ٶѸޱȡò˸п֮֮࣬أûġ
϶ԣϫıôˡ
ףƬɽ֣ȥץһЩޣ԰ɣһָԶ˵˵ţǾһ˿˿ˮ
̸⣬׿ҲˣѩƵСڳϫȥһֺģ
һ·ϣϫżУԶһЩɫζȫĲȣʮ㣬׺Ͱ׿СԻֻˣÿÿòͶǷưɨӶøɸɾ
ҲãڴЪϢһȻһϵԨǡ˵ţϫ𱦴һ٣׹һ㣬ǵϵɽкХȥ
Ƭɽף죬ԼĪǧﷶΧʱʱһ޺𣬸ľ޴ȺӷУȻҲǸݺ֮ء
ڴɽɱһͷͷĳϫԣ̸Σա
ܿ죬ץסһͷս޼īţʽ⡢ϴ̡𡢴ͿĨϣһǳɡ
ȡ
ܿ죬һ˵ɢε֬׹УȵϷһ˵Ľɫ
׺Ͱ׿ԹԵһԣ۾飬ƴſˮһͶ̥ģ
ţϫüͷһ壬̧۳Զȥ
ôˣԳ𣿡׻𼱻ʵ
Ǳж
ϫǿ֮֮ѰͥʿҲǸ߳һжϳУڽ֣

ʲô
УһʮŮŭеԱߣһʮ꣬˽ԴأǺᡣ
˴˿һδ󺺹ֻŮһų֮ս᧿Σ
սһ࣬꣬˫۱أЦս֣Ŀĺ;Ѳʱа̰֮ɫ
ɣ벻޹ĵӣҲ˱ŮŭУĹϾǽ֮ɫ
㣬ùңϽӣŮԱߵ꣬üۣȴ͸һɺɫͨ似ҲֻܶŮż
ܶˣԲãϵĺŮеĳҲֻǷѱڣѡĽҲǴǳªٳûʦָԼġ
СˣˣýǹϧòգɱǧٴˡԹԵطֿҸúˬһˬͷŹܵΣδϷһЦϾа֮ɫ
ޣ޹ΪԨ˴֮һȻĶǶŮҧ
ߣ磬ȻˣʦܣɱС˵ĵܵܣ֪ǵ
ԣɱܵܣ壬Ȼʬ𼣣£˭֪Ǹɵģ
һԱԹ۵꣬Цڡ
ãͰλʦ˵İ죡δһЦ㼴Ůɱȥ
ǸңŮŭ˼£ӽܲسȥǲԼҲҪԼĵܵܣ
飡Ů䵲˱δ󺺵ĹеĳȴѶϵ˸ǳʮɣ³һѪ
㣡ŵôгתŮǻȻˣ䱳һͽ
ķɣСĺߣһĻŮֱŵûݲҵð
ˣɣδ󺺾о޽ݺһն¡
ۼܵһ̾ͽ룬Ů̲ס۾ˮһȻӿ
ۣ
ʱһĨٿȻð磬ֱڱδ󺺵ͷ­϶һѪ
һεӰҲ֮Ȱس֡


116 Ԩ
꣡
ѪҺȪˮӿѪδŭǰͻȻֵǸ꣬ǲţǲġջǺȻأ
һж̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻڵʯ֮䣬δ󺺵زԱߵѹ
ÿ죡
ôܣ
ԶξΣƮȻ꣬ɫʱޱȣĿиһ˿ɲǲ²͸ϫʵ
һԣŮҲ֮ѹܵԼǰĵܵܣ̲סһѱסʹ顣
ʵ̫ˣ֪ʧȥܵԼλȥܵеľŭίʹ࡭ϤӨˮա
㣬û£ˡ갲ο
šŮݺĨᣬתͷС
Ůע⵽Լ͵ܵܵľˣȻһ忡꣬£Ǹ޹Ӳڵ棬أѪҺ
Сӣɱʦܣ֪޹ӣһݺݿڵ
ͬҲȳ
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ǰӰɣǵȷ޹ӣɱǵͬ޹϶ŹġŮԶС
Ŷ޹ϫ˼ԼеĲ죬ɲ޹ĵӣ
ϫȻסһϲȴݺݵߣ˰ɣϽؿͷǸóһЩТҸξͷŹһ򡭡
ϫЦЦ
򡭡һԼЩԣôţ㻹ҷҪ֪ǿ޹ӣԨ˴֮һһ¼ҹˣҸǶ𣿡
ϫͻȻúȤЩһﻰﻰ޹ߣҲǺٻƵСආǸԼߵĲֱһԡ
ΪǣΪ޹ӣȴɳаŮ˵ıӹԼԽǾͲⶾˣ
뵽⣬ϫö˵һһڤɽ硣
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쾳ΪǳϫĶ֣仹ûӦ֮ʣ㼴ڤնɱҲ벻ףϫΪθҳԼ¶֣ѵ֪Լ޹𣿲֪ɱԼ޹ΪУ
֪ϫ֮ǰɱоĲ칫ӣ»ĺƽɣ
лǰŮǣŵ֣ܵܵҪؿͷȴһס
˴˱޳ܣֶӦáϫЦЦһӣ䣡Χƾճ˻棬ϵʬ˲ϢһգһͷӶʣ
ųϫȻԼǰʬ𼣣ԽнһϫĿУһ˿η
ԱҵܵķɣΪǰմŮʵඣˣ·һſ׹һö
ϫ벻ݵŮȻ˵ʱŷ֣亮أòȴ֮һɵľԴĸо
һ˫ͬҹǳһ˵·һͻ١
ֲ޹һɫأŮֻʮ꣬ģǾװ
ϫ̾һ˵سƺǰҵҲǴ˶٣ҽгϫ˴ǰԨǣȴڴλ
ϫҲȥԨǣķɻϲ˵ҺͽҲҪȥԨء
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ҽҴǳһ·棬˰ʱ䣬ۼҪԨˣȴ޹쵰סˣòӽķɷ߷˵
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šͷ˼ͷҺ͵ܵΪǳֻܲи·ˡ
ϫһ
֪ǾԨǣ֮ңмب߰˸ǳءԼһӴɽɽлޣνΣ֮
Խ쾳Ϊܻܵں쾳ǻһЩϮ˲佫˺Ƭ
ҳϫע⵽ᣬҵĺӣ˲ͽǰУǰԨǵΨһ
ϫ磬ܲܺһߣķ۰Ͱ͵˵
һԵҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
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ۣ´磬ҴҵһϷɣоù񫰡
ƲУһұڷУֻʮķɣڴȥ˷ܵС졣
һ࣬еִٲҲǵһڻеıϣϵʹϼתķܷƣٶȡǰһжС𺳡
ֱʱףǰλ´磬Ȼһλܹеϸʿ
Ե㶫ɡϫ⿺üȣʢŮǰİϣºЦԨǻһ·̣˵
ϵĵζ˱ǣɢֻһڣӾͲعʱСǵͨ졣
ϫЦЦķɺһԷԼͷ
ԽܣԼ͵̳ܵʱƶҲǸп겻ѡ
һ֮
´磬ǲԨǣķſڴͷ󺰵
Ԩǣ
ϫ̧ȥֻԶ·޾ϣһ޴ޱΡ׳ĳǳӳ֮Уǳǽмߣǽɫʮǽ֮ڣһߴεضԶԶȥһԶžۻ¡
ϣͷѤĶݹХȻΡĳǳǰʮ֮⣬޲Թµ棬Ŷӳǳȥ
ľϫҲĳȣûпôΰĳǳأ޾ͷĴǡ
᰺ǹˣΪϽóģݺ裬ˮʢ֮ڱ޾ͷĴǣҲǲ̫ࡣ֮һȣϫ̳ǸǲֱµĴһ
ԨǣϽĺ֮أһǣ
ŵ̹ƾõİ˴šѧ壬ϽʿĿߵʥء
˵ԨϿսֹУ治ϫ𱦴ܣ䵽˵棬̧ȥ
ԽǽӽǣԽܸܵ׳Ρ롢󣬶ԼǰС׺һڡ
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ķ̧ͷһʱϲ޽㣡
ԶһŮеӢߴ󣬷񴽣ŮһϮˮȹīüѩƣ֮
ڳ⣬ͯŮһ羰ߣ·ʿĿ⡣
˿̣ȹŮЦȻܶ˿еġ޽㡱ˡ
ǽˡЦ˵
ޣ˵ĵܵôӢһԺЦڣ׵ʱɫһš
š޵ͷȴǲͣǳ˵һԨǣԺûʱй䣬ߣҴϴһٴǺúһ档
ܽϲòѣȻλ޽㣬ǿ
Աλǣע⵽Աߵĳϫ
λǵľˣгϫ
Ŷ޵ͷ˵ǿɶлѳˡ˵ȴɫ
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ˡϫҡҡͷ
ķɶϫҪȰ˵
ٽҺ͵ǳл֮ˡ׸ϫһƿҲϫһۣܱ㳯ȥ߱˵ǵһγţҪСľ裬ĪҪһЩĵļһƭˡ
ѣǡӢϷһЦ׷ȥ
ԶԶ޹˵ûԵ޹ʵؾǣ˭֪ʲô˼˵ϵ޹ϹϵأڵˣΪֱ伫
ҵǳ˱Сˡϫ˵ƿȻʧЦ


117 
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Ͻĺĸأ˴šѧ֮ءκһǵ񣬹֮
һ˶Ȼ̾ᣬ䷶Χж䷱ִﵽ˺εȾ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ϫһţֻ·ϵשʯ⻬һȾǽ̻Իֵ̨ͣͤɣɫɫʿͬˮͨ˴Ľֵϣӵĸо
ԨУÿһ̶Ǹߴ󡢿㡢ҲȻͬеĽ۵һطĿۻ׳ȻóϫĿϾӵĸо
ĸֺܶ࣡
ϫӴһ·ʮͥʿǴŸʽŲͬĻռǣȻԲͬ
ңϫǽʿǴӽֵӹ棬֮˽¶Ľ֮ɫ
Ԩǣǽʿ۷еĴ̳ǣˮ׼ϸ磬ͥʿ磬ǽʿˡ
˰죬ϫдĿͻȻס߾һλʿ
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Ϊóǰ꿴ϢȻȴԺ纣оٶϸĸ֡
֪ǰΪס£׳ɻ
ûб˼һʣǱںεرμӣϫЦ˵
ԭ׳˿ǱȻڰºʼǰ뱨ȥˡԨȥ˰֮ء
ãлˡϫ˵֮䣬΢ʧ
ÿٶȣ
ϫ˲Ϣʧ׳ͫһ૵Ǳֻʮ֮µϸʿμӣ꿴ģҲֻʮңΪǱȣҲ֪ܷȡΡ
ԨнֹзУϫʩչ˲Ҳһʮɣȣ˰˰ٶͻȻסŲ
ǰ֮⣬һɫ޴󹬵̾Уȫɺʯ죬ˮĹ⻪߽ɣ罣ǹֱλãһӲҡ
µ߻ʵֲ֮ĽϣҲԶÿһ붼ϸʵ
ȻԨǽֻǳ֧ɼˣǿ֮֮˴һĴ˿ѶáŴжһȨ̳֮ǽǿ˲ֹٱǧ
˴εǱȣԨǰ˴šѧ־ٰ죬ʿҪμӣڳǼǱ
˿̣дʿͬˮһ㣬ϫһۿȥЩʿһɫϸʿ
ģҪϰٽҺǵǮˡ
٣˭ǲԨǴĵӣ˼ҸͲñμӾͲμӣƣЩʿܹ뵽УѾܲˡ
ޣԨǴʲô˲ǱȣһҪǰ
ʡʡɣǱȣǰųɾŶԨ˴һĴˣֻȼʿУҲ֮

Ӻɫ߳ʿ۷׷ף޲ΧŰº󼴽ٰǱȣԵ֮
ǰһٺôԼǲܴˡϫ룬ԥ˽ȥ
һɫϫͷ֣ߵĿռʮֺ嫣һµζ뵽˻ʹ֮ڣԵð֮
һ£ĵӣȻڴܣüۺɷϢǿάŴڵȻЩµӱǳĳԱˡ
׼ðٽҺȥǱŶӱһϫԶһָ
ԶһŶӣ꣬ߣӢ꣬毺ŮӡŮУһɫĶϸʿ
ϫڶߣĬĬܡЩŶӵϸʿУϢǿˣϢ֮ǿϫҲеȲѡ
һϽ·꣬üëī絶˫䣬貵ĺڱʯǣ˫ۺܳ˳ĴңһսޱߵѹܣϢԵ
һµ꣬αֱɢˮϢ֮ȴ֮ͨͨȺжҲ
ע⵽ϫĿ⣬ɨ˳ϫһۣǳŪǲмȴ΢΢ף㼴תȥ
棬ϸΪʮ꣬ϸơ
һɳƵ𣬶ǰߣһһŰǰϷһȭͷСʯ͸ڣڹơ
ÿʿǰưʯϣǸ΢ֱ棬ܲΪ䣬֮
òƭˣȴʵʵڵġǱȣֻʮ֮µϸʿμӣöʯ㲻˱ɻء
˿̲ԵģǸϫעꡣ
ϸǣʮꣿֱŰ
һǰ;ע޿˴ǱȣǰһٱȻһϯ֮ء
棬Ī᰺ּҵǸǧ꺱ţ
߱ݣɳĶ飬һĿۡмʡ֮
ϸǣнʱϫͷҲòпԨǲϽһǣԻӢƼ
⻹ֻʿЩ˴ŵȴĵУ»бʸõĴڡ
ʱϫظܵһɶصϢȻ̧ȥֻ̧ǰƼһĨˮǰϵʯȥ

ϫһ۾ϳƼӿģȻħϸʿӵе
ףϸΪʮţϸơ빺ĻҲǾһһֱʹƤ̧𣬾䣬˿꣬ͷȤӭ
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ֵϫʱǰһưʯϣʯأԪУţ뺣һ㣬ʧûʲôˡ
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ȻǰǸʮﵽؾϫķе㲻
ɼˣϫʮϸǵʣһ󾪺ŤͷʱͿˢˢһۼĿ⡣
֪һ壬ֻǺֱ飿ǻ߿ҲԼɣ
ϫҡҡͷɢԺ뷨ϱдǱֵƣ̧ȥ
аʱ䣬ǱȾҪٿˣҪʱúһϫ߱˼⡣
ϫôĵӣԨҲ֪ͨǣ̫˼ˣ
ڳϫ߳һֽԶԶ̧ͷһͿԶľءϪ˺ȻǱߡ


118 ¥
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ƫƫڵһǣһʱȴϪδ̫ɺˡ
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ԨϽ֮ɸԨǵĵһ֮أмζƷɪֿ͡䷨жޱɹۿֻ֮Ҫ뵽ַӣﶼС
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Ϊ̨ܵĹսϯŰĳĬУ˿̳ϫ˵䲻󣬵ȴһ˿©شÿ˶Сһսϯ˲ը˹
ǿ֮ħȻˣ
ӺĽѰ˵֮Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ʣʵ̫ˣնɱս꺱

ãľݺһİƣ첱Ӵ֣һǵΧʿƵƵĿ
û뵽ϫһѣһһǱɱһϪ쳣ĴһĨϲĻȡ
㲻ϲ˰ɣЦ٩
ľͶϪֻͬһԹʣһؿУУҲ˵

㣬´ӮˣķСͨ죬˷ܵ㵸
ţҿˡԭ߬ŵȭͷɿ˳׷Ĺϲɫڡ

⾳硢ƽ׼ƷɽĽԨǸһУҲֻʮܹ֮ȼ磬벻ҲˡսϯϣһȫһƬӰеߣĸпǳϫһϳߺȻǳУǸڰ빺ߵߡ

̨ϵĹĻƯŵŮٴε̨ڶ֣лսһܣתͷлսлӣҪе𣿡
˿̣лսɫһƬĿײзŭɱˣԭΪʤԼѾڲ֮أ뵽ϫһϸؾ棬˿Ծնɱϸص
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лսһ֮Ӧϫһ뵽ԼҪ޿ĽܵǸбһ޷ƵͱŭǣĿ֮£ֲ÷ڣĻлҵɾȫˡ
죿
лսɫ粻֪롣
Ҫ㿴ܣ۾㣬ڵĻҲԣлҿ¾ɨˡϫȻ˵
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лսҲᱻƵ˵زԺ󻰲˵ô
˭˵أﻢ£Ҳ֪лս
ߣлսӦýһѵŰ裬ĿˣǱлңͱɱˡ
һУһѰѵһлսͷû²ѣСԼʲôʱܵ˱

ͳͳ
лս۾ʱˣҲ˲ô࣬ವһ̨ŶĳϫҧгݵˣͲõǸˣˡٺòһǶԽܻĥ
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㻹ûȻȻѰҾͳȫ㡣ϫɱһлսһ仰׼еɱ⡣
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лͣ
ȻлͣϽǱ֮ƾһȻ
кϷˣ
ˣսϯطһ󾪺һŵģ
磡лսһ䣬ȴصͷ˱ƵֵزǳԼ磬Ҳ̫ˡ
ų̤̂һġл͵һɱζҺãûʧȥɣｻˡ
лսͷת뿪бߺ£ԼղѡصǸ»ᱻлȥɣ
ⳡսѾûнȥıҪҴҵܵܣǶԽܵǸлĿڳϫһɨޱұ֤лκ˶ǵ鷳Σ
սϯϵ˲ɰͷл˱̬Ѿлòˣ˴˶пѡأһݵ֡
Ȼû뵽ǣϫȻûдӦ
֮ǰܵܰҵѱ˾һǸͷŹܶˣⳡ̨Ķʧˣǽܵ³𣿡ϫ˵ɫƽĺˮκθ顣
лɫĮȻʵô˵ֻҪ̫֣ҶԲ㡣
Ҿһ⡣ϫһñΪ֮ǰһĻǾֲ̿ǻһַŭڣй㣬ӦôŹ𣿡


123 粨
лͱʵһʣǳϫ£Ҳȷ޷ԭµܵлսΪ
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ΪԨ֮һлҳӣѳϫƽȵĵλϻλ˼
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ؿͷŵԣϫһһٵ
лͺȻЦһյ˰һŤȷҪô
ϫ˰ɣѾӮˣôȥԼҲãȻִˣҲ֧ġʱϪ̨̤
һ֣˲սϯϵڶʿһĿɿڴΪȫû뵽ϫȻйϵ
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Ȥһʵ̫Ȥˣһǳеĸⳡ̨սǧ꺱
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ȷ췢һеȷۻңĿϾӣΪһ޿Ľܣƽڵ޳棬漴˳ϫֹĦ𺳵սԭΪ߳ʹֹ˭룬ʮδ¶лƮȻ٣֮ͬҲ֮ϵ
һжˮƵģһһݺݳڳÿ˵˼άҡҷѡ
ǰϫ磬Һ͵ܵѾˣΪǣ˺Լǣŵ̨ܵܵϾǸм͹֮ɫ
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ŭŭϫȴò״Ϊ鷢ؼÿһ䣬ʱʱ̶̿ţƾ֮޷Ťתµ淨
ǣôŹлսϫȴģе֮Լߵ飬ȴݲܡ
Ȼ飬ȴϫļƻȫա
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ϫͷѾѸоԼھ¥֣ռԼıҲͲԶˡ
ϫѣлܵİˡڳϫ׼뱦뿪ʱԶһϮȹ˹


124 ɽ
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ϫĸйȴãܱлսƵʱ򣬴Ůõ̬ȣһ˿©УףŮ˼óȨףļƣ򵥡
޽㡣һԽеܵķȴƲƲ죬ȻСһ֮ǰҲܵ޵̬ȱ仯
߰ɣķɲҪƽ𣿡һСƨƽϣһЦ㷢Լ롣
ϫǵȷ֪ΰãҲǹ¼ҹһֳ׵ռңܵĻԻˡ
ҲҪݳϫΪʦķС
Ϊʦ
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뵽⣬ϪһһȣԼôˣôһпϫŮأ
ϫɲ֪ϪתС˼Цųķɵͷ鲻żҿԨ֮һֻҪ޿϶ܱġ
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һ̣ԼҲеԽܵĺˡ
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Ͼ̫ƣڳϫСų֮󣬽ԻõòˣͥԺϴժϵĹӣеĳӣѳ񵰡һ̶ð
ϫˣҲǣֻСװԼ÷ţ㼴߽ڡ

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鷳ǽӶķѱ֤ܵܵİΣܵ˺
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ңɽܣ໤ɽ󸲸ǣһǱ룬˵ϸʿǽʿҲ֮ء
һ󣬳ϫһΡۻľ޴ɽǰԺУٴȾʱľƽڵĽܡ
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ƽ֮ϫСһһλĽ꣬Ҳϼ𽣵ȻϳƽڵĽȻпӵƽ֮ˡ
ڵ޷ƽ⣬ҪܿЩ󣬶˵˵ȴ֮С˫۱أȻƮƮһµģ


125 
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᫶͵ɽ·ϣСڳϫͷֹ
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ͣ
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ҵָӣһߣǧҪУᴥƸӦʱƽڵĻɽ뷢ҲȲ㡣
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ǳϫѳԨǡٽܵܳ£κֶΣҲ֮ǰѺռ֮СһʮѶ˲仯ɻҡ
׵ƺΪУˣȥڤһˡӢվӣƬ̧̣ȥ
ҹɱ⣬Ϊ£ʱһȻڴ
һ٣æʦ𣬵Ӽ崫Ѷӡֹ
ˣΪʦ㣬мǣͬΪƽڵӣ¿ҲĪҪɱҶĲ㡣ڳƽڡô֡ǵٴ
ǣʦ𡣡һ񣬱㼴ת߳һĨ⣬Զɶݶȥ
ţȥڤˣǳͷŵӵķ֮ذ뿪ãһߴӰٿȻڴ֮⣬磬Զɽ塣
߰˳ߣ׷ɢڱ˫絶絶䣬ɱĹһɱıâ죬ɱϽнޡ棡
ԣܾе㲻ʲôأ渺ڱ˫ü˼֮С


126 ڤ
ҳҾɱ㡣ϫűԼסƽŵӣ˵в̾˿
ò״һһĻɽ֮߳ȴһײɽǰѲߵƽڵӣ֮£ֻóס˴ˡ
㡭˭ƽڣɱңҲӲ
ͷԣ谣˿̱ϫסɫǾŭɻ
ʵ벻׳ϫγֵģΪƽڵһŵӣŻɽΪǿܹɱʿĴڣǧûһ˴
ȴһϢشӴ߳һûдĽƣβ𾪣
ѵһǱʿĴڣ
֮һĨĿ־壬вԾѰѳϫΪɲġǰ
Ҳɱ㣬һʽΣϫһ˵
Уƽڲ飬Ҳɡ谻شļΪȻ
ģԲϫЩһĹҲûһ˵סҸһƽƷ
ƽƷ۾͵һһĭ붼û룬ԥã
ϫһô죿һйղŷװİ
ǰҪ˵䣿ڨڨһЦ漴һظ˵ǰοҶˣŲ֪ʹºŰƽڣûҲʶˣ
ţ֪ϫ˵ţӴָóһƽƷɽǰ˻Σ֮ڷɽˡ
谲㱻λۣ۾ݺݶųϫеķɽܵҵȻ֪껰ʦĵӣһֽ쳣ô֪ܲ
ϫȷ˵ģΪֱܵϣ޽飬˽˸˵
һתΪѵǰҸòɱҰɣ
·֮Ҿͷ㣬ܲڵڵӵɱɣϫְѷɽ谣˵
ǵǡ谵ͷ
ϫ谣һĨ磬Զȥеͷ谵ָ㣬ϫܿһɽǰ
˷ɣֱͨɽȴǹ֮ԶԶȥһѳɡһĦĢ״ء
˷Ϊڤƽڳͷӵķ֮أ翾ҹ亮ߣŹʴΪӡ
Щĵӣÿ춼ҪɽǧĳƸֿʯɽȡٽɳū಻ԡÿͷĵӴĥòΣģֱޱȰ
һǰҲ֪ܷܵʲôŹ棬ڴ˵أҪܻ꣬ص
٩٩̸˷мļɵȻûע⵽ϫɫѽ֮
Ȼ
ȻܻܵܵԼǣۣ⵽ռҵȺڤ壡
һ֮ǰԼմɽлʱʱԼɱһ壬ռע⣬ԲŻᡭ
ϫ֪Լܵܵ飬ΥŹ淸֮Ա˵أܲ²˭ɵģ
Һãܵ񻹻ţԼһ밡ϫһڣǿ԰еķߺޣ֪ڻ
ڤϷ˲ǧˣһһʣӦþ֪æλǰƺüΪ⣬ٺ»ӿڳԼ
û˿ܣ
Уڰ죬ҹͲÿˣЩͿһ죬ѱե˭ܣ˵ƽڣܣҲ߲ɽ󰡡
ϫٶ˵谷ڤɽһȺڣݿ¡ͷҵϢ
賿ʱ֣ڤϵĺЩڲݵϣ˯Уɪɪҵģ¶޽ͷؤ硣
ž
谼Ϊɵǰһһɫƣݵ꣬ʵ֪
껣ǸʱӦɽ۰ɡ˯
ϫѲٶ࿴һۣ¿Ʋסеķŭ谣㳯ɽ۷Ӷȥ

ҹɫеڤɽۣտһƬž䣬޾ĺĴߣϵɳʯľһıֱһ˪硣
˿̣һ꣬ڹ
ãͷңֱƵģȻսȴǺȡ°ĲɣһһʽѸݾ׼׼þӿģֳƺƵϣͬӣΡɽƺƴ񣬷ظ֮һƬɽӣһȻ֣Żǰưһнơ
ͣͣͣ
˲ǣǽԪֻ֮ҪؼڵĹʮɾʱ㼴ɢ˺󣬲Խ׳һ
꣡
һ죬Ӱһͣ콣Ӱɢſ壬ŵǽһضϳص֦

ڵأҴϢҰ׿ݵϣֻһԣдᶨִš
ҲϢҪǿһҪֵѹҪүү𣬻Ҫ
Уٴվӣһվ𣬱㼴ҡҡλһ̾񱻷紵ߣߵز
գվۣһص֦ٴλӶС
ͨ
һӣٴεڵأڴڴϢݵҰиǳѪ˿
£ҳôأҪǿΪҸ̫ˣٲǿһĵġ
ţһδιԼԶ֪ʲôɵӡӡ
Ȼûע⵽ھ벻Զһ˫۾ؿѱʹࡢжеû۳ˮ
ǳϫ˿̵ϢᣬʮҲֻڴʱڴ˿̣Ҳ̲סԼˮ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
С껣
ǿɫҰ׵꣬Ǹɽһδεһδ꣬ǳ껡
һ漴ҡҡͷЦ૵ֲþˣҸĿ
С껣
һΣڶը죬˵ʵ˵껲ţѵ̧ͷͿһϤòϤӰԼߡ
磬Ҳΰɣ۾촽
ϫӿ޷ʹˮְѵܱܵڻУţСʱŻеĵܵһ
ģΣС껣뿪ôϫͳɳƣһƥ˵ǡ
šƺ̫ˣдӦţȴѾ˯ˡ
ú˯һϲԵķϫһѵܱܵڱϣɽȥ
ôߣֻẦ
ʱһԽ͵ԶɽϵŨŨȻƿһӣһص۵꣬ƮȻ
տʣüִëȣ˽еĽɢһϢ
ϫ˿˵κηϻһ㼴ɽ¶ȥ
ȻθնֻһɺƵۻ֮ϢȻ˷ӿǿֲѹֱһΡɽѹ£ٶãһ˿ضûС
ֻƾϢͻѹסԼ˵Ϊôﵽ̶ֳˣϫо֪ǰſʵ꣬Ȼһλʵɲĸ֣
ͨ
һֱԶԹ۵ƺɵˣ˫ϥһڵأе谣ʦ棡


127 
ʦ棿
ʱ·ϣϫ˽⵽һƽӹŵӣ˿̳ƺʦ棬˵˵ıǱƽڵƽ̶Ҫ߳һͷ
Ҫ֪λн繧ʿɣҲֻƽƽ̵ʦֶ
һ̣ϫȷסˡ
ƽڣӷšš洫֣ŵ֮ŵҲǧ֮ڣ洫ֻʮޱʮ洫֮һ
ڵ֮ϵ೤ϣͬûšŵ𣬲Ĳͬϡ칤ϡ̷ϡҩϡϰ֮࣬ʵҲлͥΪߵ棬硣
ӶϪ˽⵽鱨ϫƽڵɼΪȻ˿ͻȻһƽƽֶ̱ҪߵļһȻһ
ΪҪǣֻƾϢԼѹƣϫʱףλ¾ƽϹＶĴˡ
ýţҵͽܣԲẦſʵº˵̬ס
˵ʱϫֻһᣬǿֲѹʱʧ
ϫ˿˵ʵɲΪ˲ֿͷǾϵľ޴ΪʩչǶӡҲͲ˵
͵طӦе˼͵һһǵܵܵʦ𣿿ΪҪѵܵڤϣ
ǿϫ˼ȣȻ껶ҼõģҪھǱܣҪݺݵشģԽϡִšηأڽߵøԶ;ʧ׷ħ֮С
ô˵ǰĥҵܵˣϫü
Ҫͱʧȥھб޾ĥʹ࣬Դ佣ģνƶˡҽԪʳΪӵһĽġ
ȻղҲˣܵûһ˿ԪֻƾԽĸһ֦ʩչƵƥƣǽĵɱ䣬ֱͨ뿪˵أϽ
ϫȻ򣬲üͷȴɽ壬ҡͷڱıԵѨ١ɱѪĴþ鵤ҩҲԻָľǿкãٲûˡ
ѰһˮԪ̥һˡԴźԭҴѰһЩ̺֮ı껶ǣϧı̫ϡ󰡡
ϫ֪ˮԪ̥Ǻ֮鼸֣͵Լвһ
öڤɶлãϫһֱ֪ΪҲֻخ˵˹Ľ֮ڻĹ飬ҲǼΪ;ȴһŲ֪
ĪǣҲйأ
ϫֱʵǰ֮һıУܹǣ
һʧг˿̵ﻹһ˿ȻȣҲɴ˿ɼĸֶˡ
ϫоӦϾڼخ˹ʱҲʧ̬ѣΪٸߣܸ˰֮õļخȣ
СѼЦˣСд˱ȫ԰һ֮壡
ҲԼЩʧ̬񣬻ڻĹʱڣһЩ컯ĴߣԻѼ֮ΪԼĵڶԪ񣬻⻯֮ʹ֮ԴرԴܹ֮񶴲֮ҲŲ˼Ĳã֮
֮Уʵߣ֮һ˿֮ϵȵ䱦УԽǼֵģɣ
ĿƵضųϫ˵ڣ׽ļֵ˰ɣ
ϫͷ˿Ҳ׼خΪλ˵ʧȥ㽫һ׷Ī仰ˡȷм˶ʧص챦ﰡ
ˣýҶˣܵɣʹ뿪ҲҵһǻѪܵܵĳɳҲΪǿɾ̫ϧˡЦ
ǰ֪ҵˣϫȻ
ţҲǸղµġͷ껶ֹһεᵽ㣬һȷǸѵõ˲Ű
ǰˡϫʱȷţӦþǵܵܵʦ𣬷ǿֲΪԲԼ˵ôϻ
ޣȻʧЦ֪رܿƽڵĻɽǧֻһˣɲǿ佱֮ʡ
ʱ
ಣ
һƿԶ漴һӢ꣬ŲȷɽƮȻ
ʦ棿ԶԶɽϵɫһæɽۣ񣬡ʦ棡
Ȼˣ
ռҵж죬ԼһܵҪץˣ
ϫһȻ
ʱҲע⵽һĳϫ䵱ϫϵĳʱжʱףԼһ
Ϊǣʦƺƺϵóϫֵܶˣ
ˣǿɾ鷳ˣ
һ˲䣬ͷͷҲǷӦ֮ɫһϫȵǺˣ˽ƽڣ
ϫЦѣװͿԼ̽ԼĹϵռҵˣȻһһĻ
ͽֳĵܵܰΣ˽ˣҲ֮٣Ѿˡһۣ˵
ʲôôҲ޷ɫһ䣬ʧͽܣ
һ̣гصԸӵĵزʦ˵ǸǳԼʦ壿
Լ鷳¡ʦ𶼱סԼɣ
ô
飬ͻȻоԼεıƺҲ޷ɱˡǵˣԺҪҳ껵鷳Ҳ޿ˡΪ䱳վʦȿֲĴڰ
뵽ΪԼһ仰ðͷֻе㲻̬ȣüôһƭСɣ
ʦˣֻ̫ЩǧһֱںɽչأҲδͽ飬һʱЩ𾪡æҡͷѣλǱԼʦ滹һĿֲڣһٸӣҲô
ǰ飬Ҷ֪洫ӣƽʦֶͽˣҲǿС֮ûгֹֻǾСִֵ֮ò֡
˿̾ϢĻ̫ˡ
ʦһж֪ˣ
һ亹˲ʪ˺󱳣һ뵽ԼõĶԼϵʦ壬׹ߣ
߰ɣʮڲ׼̤һҶĲ㡣ֵ
ǣʦ档ɬޱȣʧǣת뿪ʼգҲûϫһۡ
ҵĴо𣿡ϫЦ˵
˵ʵе㲻⣬ڱɱ͵õȵʮˡϫε
νＴ£ݶ˵õĺܰЦѣԳϫԴ̬˿Ϊ⡣
߰ɣҴȥһˡ˵ţ㼴һƿշɳ۶ȥٶ֮죬˲һ㡣
ܾĻᶼܵܵλʦ磬ʵȴǰԵĺܰ
ϫа̾һӰҪʧԥȫʩչ绯ݷವһ׷ȥ


128 Ĺȱ̺
ಣ
ݹƿգһĨڲһš
ϫȫʩչ绯ݷǿܸѾܳˣȻԶӣһǧɾٴӿһĨ𾪡
ԭΪΪϱȲƾԼһ֮⣬绯ݷܹһԼΪٶȣǺʤ㰡
ϫ̾˿
ϫҪСģϲӦһλڤˡڴָд
ʲôڤˣǱʿ߳һ󾳽ǿߣϫһ𣬲š
һ;졢졢ϸͥǽ𵤡ڤˡƽٵɰش󾳽磬ƽٵ֮ϣ̤;ɡ
ȻֻȰ˸󾳽磬ؼжܹﵽ
̳ǰʿΪߵĲֻϸ硣
Ԩǧʿǽ𵤾ʿֻһĴڡ
ϽﷶΧڣʿѾڶˮ׼˷ǱΪ桱
⣬Žֻѣɴ˱֪һ;ÿһǶôļѡ
һܱʿֲĴڣԼǰϫ֪ƽڵ̹Ҳɱݺһѡ
ϸǣϸأԽɱͥʿҪ󾳽磬ڤΪУҲֻ·һ
ף˵ȥʲôˣϫܺ棬˵ܵܳ껣ƽڼûʶˣֻԼȥ˭أ
˭֪أһصģҪɱҲ÷ô󾢣ţ㻹Ǽ°ɡҡͷѡ
ԼĪյ蹦һɽǰͣȥֻɽľ䣬Ĺȷ٣Ȫϼɢ˼ɾʮ㡣
ɽƽںɽصأ壬û˴죬˭롣ЦŽһ䣬Ȼһȣǧϼڿն֮ϣ⣬ˮк¡

һɵݣڷɶɶգѳ£ڰպһţ׳쳣
ɡ̧ϵݣЦųϫ֡
ϫҲܺ澿˭ҪԼûκԥϵݡಣɵ͵سͳϫʧڡ

ɽһľɽУ̺峺ĺˮϳһҶԲתʢĺɻɢ˿˿㣬ˬɽƢ
ߣһֻֻѩ׵ɳŸѷ裬һͷͷˮڰƵɳ̲ţһȺƤëͻβˮУϰʱѵһβ˶Ĵ㡣
ǰһУƵǷ羰续Ȼɼһ㡣
ŨɽڣӦ÷ֲһƷϫ󣬸һɽУ͸оһɴһڣֻ˿˿ȫˬһ
ţ
ϫһƳ͵ؿԶǺ嫵ı̺ԱߣһߴӰ»ҷͦǹ˷Ǳ̺ںϣ翣޷׽ظоǲһˣǻӰ
ҵ޷֪˵ĴڣֻƾۿҲʱʱģ˵ΪѵҪֲϫа𾪲ѡ
ˡǻ»ҷӰǲʲôȻŤͷ
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿ˴˵ģ»ҷӰһλߣͨ˫Ȼ˫üȴб£Ʈ裬˸Թĸо
ʦ𡣡˿аȣߵ¶ԷθľĽ֮ɫ
һĻֱóϫ㾪°ͣʦһλڤ˵ʦߵΪƽٵ֮ϣĪλ߾紫˵еģǸƽڵĵɼľɣ
ǣľǿߣԵ޹ʵԼʲô
һ̣ϫײˣΪе޷ֳֿһһͷǿڣ˭Ҳ޷򶨡
š߳ͷ㼴ĿڳϫϣǶԵȻˮһ˿ɫһţǱ⣬ƽڵ̫ϴϣСѻұˡ
ȻһŵƳһԼʦֱʱҲ㲻ʦΪԼȥѴ˽ɽصأ˿͵ʦҪϫƽ۽е𾪾Ϳ֪ˡ
ѵСһﻹʲôΪ֪ĿֲӦˣƾϸΪܱʦ˶ԴҺãڼʱûǿ̬ҲԡҲѣϫĿУѴһ˿޷ĸɫʡ
ϫ˿֮𾪣Ҳ٣һλ滹߳һֵڤˣԼܵܵʦֳһλԳƽ̫ϳϵǿڣƺҪԼƽཻͻȻоԼ˴νƽڣһ̫ˣҲ̫˼ˡ
߰ɣȥġ
ЦЦٶ˵һӣһųϫٿȻʧںߣһ̣һ̨ͤС
̨ͤɻɫʯ޽ɣйоأ򵥵վеĳͤûʲô
Ǵ˿̣Ϊ̨ͤһϵǸˣ̨ͤͻȻһƮ찻ȻϢտհװ׵һֽʦī㼴һɽ׳ľͬĵ⴦ƽ̨ͤΪ˵ĴڣͻȻòƽ
Ǹ꣬ݰף»ŮװȴһȻϣΣɾ˫
˿ͤϣȥѥӣֻӨӨ֬СŲڱˮУѾҡĴһȺȺʰ쵵ϲΧܣǰĽѾ
һĻǳϫǱ⡢ԲԾ¶΢Цͷʧ٣ľһȤȻΧС
ⲻǵȻ󹦷Ȼ¶Ϣǵ񣬳νȻУڤϣԡ
ϫ֪Լʲôججޱؼ䣬ƻһƷ磬ڣãû˽Թ
Ȼûע⵽ʶУ֮Ҳûá⡢Ө͸һַɿٶš
Ҳ֪˶á
غˮеĽѾѥӣվʱʱѹвһ˿δɫʣ˵ȴָָһͳϫ΢Цֹ
ʱţֹһʱ䣬ҲǹķΧѹɫճ񲣬ͻȻһϥأĿ˹
һԵı⿴ĻľҲһ˿ۣδ汻ײĪԵ

ججУϫֻһʶ˳ĺģĸ֪ʶ顢Ƶõһϴ񣬱ô͸ܹޱظܵΧһϢɽ硢ˮˮߵһжȻ
ָоͷƶһ۾۾͸ΧһУܹи˺֣ǰ
֮
һ̣ϫȻֳһ


129 ʾ

ϫ˲ףڸղţԼɱ䵽һոµĲΡ
һԣʿĥо
ʿ۸֪أ
ϸʿɱܹݷ
ͥʿܹһڤ
ǽʿڹཻܹ۳뱾𵤽ϣܹӳ˼á
֮ϣʶҲ֮;УܴﵽߵĲΡ˵ʱʶ֮Խһɱ䡣˵Ⱦ̫ңԶ룬Թܹɵм
ϸ磬ȴӵǽ𵤾ʿֻ֮һ޳ʶ˲Ű
ϫһ۾ߵǸʱγһʱ׸ղŷһУԵڴˣвһ崡
ƾȻȻɢϢܰ˴εڤУΪָôﵽ־ˣ
ϫоԼ𾪵ĴʵеƵˣֱʮһΡ߳һͷڤȻּڤ˸߳һͷ̫ϳϱ⣬ֳһǿ꣬һмֱһһ˱һ˸ߣһ˱һ𺳡
ˣ뿪ɡڳϫ۾һ̣һָԱߵ˵
ʦ𱱺Ըһת׼뿪ȴֱס
ˣϵСһҲߣһŻͨģǰɡ
곯ϫЦЦָָ䱳ϵĳ껣ȻУѶһŻӨӨӤȭͷС̺޾һ㣬һڿУӿɢһɾ˵ˡ

ϫͬʱʧг
ţǽޣ֮Уǿģȴǻ֮ͷЦ
ϫ˵ģȴ޷ţ˻Ϊ˵ܵܣ־ͶһŻҪ֪ؼĺ䱦پǿ߶޲Դõ
ΪʲôҪԼôã
ϫָоһУӦúǰйأͱĵλͲԼô
İɣ˴ܵܵΪض;պɾͲϫһЦֱ껣ת뿪
ϫȻܾԭԼڵĽܵأ񵹺ãʡһŽ˵õһŶԵܵպĻƵһ£ܾܾ
뿪̧֮´ϫڼһ䱦һ㣬üΪϸĿͣ崺磬ִͲĸо
κͻȻЦûѹţǰһɡ
˵ţһöڹٿȻ˳ϫʶ֮ڣƴСأһƬ
ϫﻹףǺͼƬ֮һ
ȻƬͼƬֺԭʶڼžһͼƬ˲䱬һ˿̽ʶеĺͼƬ˲ںһγһȱµ״һࡣ
ҳϫע⵽ںϺĺͼƬܣһӰӰ߿飬ι״һȥ߿ӰǡøͼƬƴճһƻԲͼ
Ӧþĺͼ״Īؼ仹߿ͼƬϫжʱȻпһѵ˵֪ԼӵһͼƬ
뵽⣬ϫ͵شӻõڶöͼƬľϲѹĿУһ˿ļɵͺȻ
úɣδСʦܡ
ǻȻûע⵽ϫЦ֮˶ʱԭʧƾһ㣬ûһ˿ۼûгֹһ
Сʦܣ
ϫֻԴ˵һѵŮװļһȻǷǰĵӣ
һ̣ϫ޲УҼخúһʣ˷ǰϾûĴˡ
źǣûаΪԴﵽ֮ͥǰǸû붴ġ
СʦܡСʦܡ˵Ļ쾭һеǺܺˣҵԼģϫü˼ѡ
λǰҲҴңȥҲҴҰһԣƽڵ̫ϳϱȻ̾Ϣд޾ź
һ̾Ϣ˲ѳ˼еĳϫѣʵǰϵô𣿡
Ҫǰƽ۽ϸһ˿Ц⣬˵ʱţǧǰɣλǰõһЩָͽ̻塣ϧͽĳɾֹͣǵɾô򵥡
ѵҲʶϫоԼ̬ȱóϿһ˿޵ķ֮⡣
ôƺңҿɾͰϳƽ˰ŭСѲǱֵƣ곤һЩͻϫ͵ܣΣ˵ţ¶һ˿֮⡣
Ԩǵһƽڵ̫ϳϣһɼǿ˳еԼϫٵҲһƮƮȻĸо
⡭ƺװɣϫɵ
ôˣϫɣûоܾ˼İ
ϫҲٶȾܾвһֵ뷨һǳҵǱƽڵƽ̶߳һ֣ôĻƽڵƽ̼ңҲûһʦ氡
ϫʵûд䲻ƽڵˣΪ̫ϳϱһϵƽڣֻҪȱⱲֵ͵ģȷԳ֮ƣ벻϶С
Ҫ֪Խǵ̹ϸۺţȼԽɭϣνб𣬱˵
ϫ͵ܣֵƣνͬ㣬Ϊƽڵ̫ϳϣԵе£ȫڹ졣
һңҪɽΪ㿪һ壬ɹȨפ֮ءճﾴɣҲ̫ϳϵԴĪҪܾΪֵһƬ⣬ܾˣǲҵֳ
ϫͣȴһ仰Ҳ˵ˣ⻰˵ַˣپܾǿɾǽˡ
˵ѳ׵ռңܸƽһϵҲһöΪͦĻռҪԼȵõƽڵ³ռǷܵ
磬ܸύҵĪңɹһ黹˰ɡϫ˵ϾΪǳ򵱲˺
͵ǵ飿ҡͷЦЦɫȻұԨǴСҲǸΪҽɵĵأ쾭飬˿Ƕֵܶ˵Ĵ󲻾ұףҵֵܶ˵³˵һ䣬ԴǼһƬɱڡ
ϫ仰ķΪԨǵһ̫ϳϣλ֮ߣΪ֮֮ߣ˵˻Ҳǿڡ
Ҿûǵ͵ΪáϫЦз磬ԼԺ󲻿ܳܵӻ˼Ϊá
ΪҪǣϫԸ˵߿һһ˵·ҪߣԼָЩĶʲô
ƣվȨı֮ơ
ǿ󣬲һȥǿı֤
Ȼ͵˼֣Ҿͼ״£ΪõĶܾܾ
˲֪£񿴲ϫ˼һϫˡΪϧؽóϫףȫǿǸصϣϣͨϫ֮һԵ
ڳϫһм˵ĽɫУȴ޶ӣȻ˿̼ϫļֺŷ֣ԼƺССһ̬Ծͱࡣ
ٺòˡϫЦ
ߣҽʹ죬ֵܵʹһ顣ųϫ첲һΣ㼴̨ͤ߷ȥ


130 ǰ
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ϫȻ뿪ƽڣûжǻɽ󣬶óһƣУͥŲͨ衣
ưƴСϱֻ׭һС֣һȥҪ͸ɳһ㡣
Ǳϫƣӵдʱ̽ƽڣҲϫ̽ܵܳ껡
ҺãǱȽ֮ǰⲻҿҵĹϵҰĲμӴȣڵܵԷ⡣
ϫԺϸһҹ뱱⽻̸ʱϸڣֲûгʲô©Էġ
ϫɲҪϣϹϡڳϫ̲סѵ
϶ᡣϫͷͻȻһ£ʵˣɿǸŮװʵ
ֲܿ޷ǿ󣡡¶һ˿֮ɫ˵
ϫһ㶣СױߣǽԸĺܣ첻µز£صеɵΪĪ֮ˣ
ϫôСʦܣһɻ
ϫʼ磺Ҳɻء
ȥͻȻ˷ܵҪץ޳Կɣ
УǱϾҪʼˣҵóʱúһϫȻܾԹУӿ첽Ԩڸȥ

ռң
ռҼ죬ҹһֱֱ˿ɫɫɫɲ
죬ѵûܵѶһϮͯӵĴʵ
ᣬҹȷܵΪλûǸ¡˫üɻѵʲô⣿
޿ܣǳϫĵܵܳ껣ѱƽڤϣһ¼ɣֱ練ƣܳ⣿ҡͷѡ
ʱսҴ˽߳񵭵һƬ˪Ҳ˲ø׺ʹϼ񣬾ֱղƽһǰӴһöѶ򡣡
һۣжʱһ
ĹŵӣѰ˴ʹһЩҲ֮е飬ǣҹǾ֮£ȥ죬ӴһöѶѵ鷢ĳֱ
ô˵һǿ԰еķ꣬
Ҹ˵սݱòòſɬ˵ǳ˵״ӣΪ£Ѿ˽ˡ
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쵹һΪԨ֮һռҼƽڵҪѰ֪ĸ࣬Щƽڶ֪飬Ҳ֪
֪λһڤˣʵֲ֮Ҳһʦ塣䳣ںɽûô󣬿˭Сǿɾʹشˡ
˵ǳ˵ĵӣأԲţ૲ѡ
ΪռҴϣһΪȴǽԲǻֻһܽ磬Ȼ磬Ҳ˲һ󾳽磬껾Ȼһλ֮𾪿֪
Ӧˣҹǳץˡһ̣췴侲˵һҪóϫ¾Ͳˡ
ǵУɱ磬ǳСһŭ˳֣ռҲסе
ߣס촽߷һ˿Ц˵ϡ֪ɣǰЩѾڤˣһڤˣǶİˣʤҲֻ֮֡Ҫ棬Ҳκβǡ
桭ѾһλڤˣˡǶİʲôɲ飬˼С
绹˵ЩʲôĿͶս
սһ˵Ҹ˵ǱʱǳҲμӣԽ鸸ʱ֣ɱʱ֪ϫҲμǱȣһǿԳô˻ᣬֵܶɱ
뵽һˡͷ˵Ǳȣӵܶᱻ븡У˸޷ֻ֣ҪռҲμǱȵӵܼȻɱֵܶˡ
ȷǣԳһ磬еĴ޷ͳɭɭ˵ֵֻ֮ܶǰɱˣ˭޷˵ʲôҪ֪ÿεǱȣӵܿǴڡ
󱬴ѶǰɱˣԺɱǵĻˣսü
뵣ģǱɸ־ٰ죬ռҲһԱֵܶ˵ĴѶЩֽţҲ֮顣
һ˿֮ɫɱռһλǽ𵤾ϺλͥʿɱֵܶˣռһԨפ㣿

ϫصľŵͥԺ֮ʱϪڵȴԼһʲ֪ҲҪμӱǱȣǱǰʱ䣬ҪչڼҲûʱϫιԨˡ
⵹ϳϫ⣬ϾҲҪô˶ʱúһΪǱ׼ιԨǣǶǿп޵֮£Ժеʱ䡣
һЩǱҪע͹أûãϪ˱㼴뿪
ϫûٵʱ䣬ϥڴ׼ȴüͷһ壬ͣ
ҵΪŸոսϸǾ磬ҲͬոսףϸأҪڶ̶̰һ磬ǲˡ˿˷Щʱ䣬úôһ似
ӵеĶԵֶΣ˰˱ڤɽɵη⽣󡢴ܷнֻǶӡˣǶӡҵɱﵣҪʱ򣬻ǲ¶Ϊá
ϫĬĬ˼š
ǱȣϽнʢ£Ƽϫھ¥ܵ桢ֻʿеٮٮߣڰ˴šѧеԲһΡ
ղϪģϫ˽⵽μӴ˴Ǳȵű޽䣬ƽ洫䣬Ǻ洫ޡ
ЩһţΪϸңʳȺߣֶҲǸǧף޲صľž֮
ǲμǱȣͼıǴԼϽԴ˻Ÿ֧֡
ʵвμǱȵӵܣŴ뷨Ѵ˴α壬һɳ죬һˡ
ЩϫǲںȴòЩμӴȵһ̳Ͼ˿̲ΪԼܶ縺շְܵܵ
ܵܳ껲μǱȣԭϫԲõĵģϾܵƽڵӣǱˢҲܵʲô˺
ȴͬˣΪռеĴڣϫԼã˴εǱȣԵܵܺԼԣǱôˡ
ռѵ֪ܵܰµ飬ÿεǱУܻһЩӵܡռҽΪᣬҺ͵ܵܽоɱĻǿɾˡ
ϫһҡҡͷԺеȥˮڣô޲

ʮ˵ĻƽƷɽǰ棬ϫԺлһη⽣ڶصľϣһöɽָʼѪڷɽġ
ҪʮѷɽȫԼİ˱ڤɽһ𣬴ճʮ֮η⽣ڶأ
֮յɱ䣬ѴﵽΣ֮ǽʿҲǺѷɫٿʮİѷɽǿܹ쵽
ԪĿ¾ͱüΪֲˡ
ϾʮİѷɽУа˱ǻƽ׼ƷʣµʮҲǻƽƷĴڣҪʩչη⽣ڶأԪˣ


131 Ǳʼ
η⽣ǳϫ챦¥ֻһײƪͼȴ㻨ʮҺνǰ֮
η⽣ȷֵǮ
ɵһأͿɱѰͥʿ
ɵڶأӲǽ𵤾ʿû⣡
ԳϫΪܰη⽣ڶʩչң֮Ԫ㼴ݽ߸ԶԶ޷֧ս
ܴﵽͥ磬Ϳʩչˡϫһ˼һڽϿ̻ơ
һ
ϫɫ԰ƣ
ԾѪ̻ƣĵҺѰΪϸؾѪʢãָ
ʵϸ֮ĺôֹЩ˶ʱ򣬳ϫȷͨûʲôһ˶ƤĤĵתǹ룬ƽ׼ķɽն˺
𣡡
ݡ
һ糱ʮİѷɽƯڳϫĲٿ£ÿ˱ɽһС󣬶˸С󻷻ۣһ
ԶԶȥһת̫ǰ˱ڤɽĴ£һƺƵķɽϫƵģڰʲݡ
ηΪ⻯˼ܻһϫһ߳ʮıɽΧӿɢһƮķ̣ÿһɽ϶Ǻţϼڣи죬²һȺƴİ֮Ѫ
СԱ߱عۿɰͷĿҲ¶˿˿֮ɫɲǲݰ˱ɽʮıÿһƷ׶ڻƽƷϫʹ֮ĽʹѾһ˲õ׳ˡϸʿ˵ɽЩɽѡ
Ľ֮ǽʿɵޱȡС׿ǴĽִ꣬ϼ𽣵Ŀ⼫䶾˲жϳη⽣ڶص
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ϫͷ˿ſźˮ漴ҲŲסʮıɽֱ׹ڵϣڵΪʩչڶؽȷ̫߾ȫҲֻʩչĴңٶ¾вˡ
ϫ⽣ǰһǧη罣ǧڷɽɣһݺᣬ𣬻Ϊǧ£ÿԲ֮ҹ̫ϫ֮׷ɱ˼˵η⽣ֻǲƪ˵͸ϵء
֪֮ϫη⽣ĺ⣬һ룬ڶصӲǽ𵤾ʿǵءأǸ
ǿǰһ޴ŵشҼ˱ʮ֮ϧܾˡҡͷ
ϫ΢еʧҡҡͷٶ룬Ҳ֪ˣϾη⽣ڶأϺܳһΡ
ϫǿǿվƫ˽·޽Ψרһִţڽ֮ߵøԶþ磬һ򷨣նħǿޱȡѵ
֪ϫͷҹܵʱ龰˵޽ģͨĵ˵Ļһϣ˲Խ֪֮˸εʶ
ޣһѽµأа˻ϣΪΣΪרһִţη壬Ȼǿޱȣ
İ£ϫŲճ׽д轣Լľвη⽣ڶصľ塣
ʩչףΰη⽣ڶصȫʩչȴҪ޿ϸϸĥġ
µʱ䣬ϫΪ侫ΪȴͻͽȻ벻׵ĵ㲦СһԽ⣬ѳ˳ϫ⵽ķ룬֮䣬ܰϫɣéٿͷ
ǱȵӣԽԽ
죬ͻȻú䣬һҹХؼƮ˶ëѩװعԨǱ˱ѩʱ䡣
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ϫͥԺУֻһȴһ㲻о䣬ĴѩѾһߺ񣬲濩֨֨죬庮֮ϮˣѩζƢ˾Ϊ֮ˬܡ
߾أ󣬻־ܣһԣ״С׷Ű׿ڱѩϷˣòֺ
ϫ΢΢һЦ˭֪һѩವһ⧲֮ʣһϣһʱ֮䣬ѩĭ׷ɣɽǣòǱ
ԶִЦ
ߣҲˣϫ̽һץץһĥ̴Сѩ˦ֳȥ
ĻԴУһ㼴ܿ˭֪ʱͥԺ͵رƿľ˳߽ſ˵ֻǰһɫһѩѣߡ
ףľأĶϪ΢΢һ̧ͷ
һĻϫ̲סЦ
ޡľѩ̽Դݺµϵѩĭֽеðϫ͵ϮңҲʰ㡣
飡飡飡
һʱ֮䣬ͥԺѩ׷ɣѩХľͳϫ֮չ˼ҵѩս
ͥԺ̫СսֺܿչϪϣȲѣԥؼս֣һϫսһľγɹˣսѷ֣⺨
ĸѲٵļһɵĴѩϷѩлɺסԳ׻ǹꪡ֣ˣòֺ
ˣϫһ̫죬Ϫƫֻаķݶˣ̫ƽ
֮ѩĭĶľ˳ս֣عҲ֮䣬ˣϫͶϪӮҡ
ôأϪδƲƲ죬²Ҫȥһ̵ֱ̰СŮûһ˿ĵʡ
УһľһתЦ˵
㣡Ϫһۡ
ɣɡһԹ
ˣǽʲô飿ϫҲоղŵľٶеɣ˿ǺЦ־ѿæתƻ⡣
ȻǲμǱȡľڴ漴ɫһ䣬еˣôʱ䣬ǸϽȥɣ¾͸ϲˡ
ǱȣϫĬĬһʱ䣬ʱҲһæϪ˳ⱼȥ

ĶëѩУͻȻһԨϿ
ϫ߳ͥԺֵϵˣڷɿسԨλøȥոͻ֣ᷢһκ˷ԨĻ۶ȥ
ЩдûвμǱȵʸҪôʵҪô䳬˹涨ȴǰۿĦԼ͸ֶʵսľ顣
˵ǱȣμӵһΣˣлʢ£ֱǧ꺱̫ϧˡ
ǰ˵˴šѧеһܳϤμˣƵȺӢͣƼ
ȺǴҲ⼸꣬Ǳ֮󣬾˵ѡһЩܳ˲ţϽн磬ȥμȺǴᣬҲ֪˭ҲμУ¸һϳ̡
˵ǰЩӣǸɱռͥʿһǽ𵤾ʿĳϫҲμǱȣҿǰʮ϶дһϯ֮ء
УϢѾˣǳϫǰھ¥һһϸǵ漴ɱһλħ֣ʵ֮ǿлҵлսԸ֮Ϊа
ֲã˵ǳϫȷнǰʮǱʰ
ߣǰʮסĴǣ׵ռңлСӽԹ˴βμǱȵռӵܣϰٺˣλŹ
Ҳ˵ˣռѷų˭ڸаѳϫƵ䣬һҺƽ׼Ʒķ

ڽֵȺУָ׷ӿ䣬ɫϲޱѩһ㴿䡣
ԶԶأһԨģͨ崿ͬʯ죬ĴѩУԵޱʥǷ


132 

ؼİϫͷҲһ˿𺳣֪Գһ磬ַ˹ǡ̫Ĳ㣬ÿһ㶼һͬأμǱȵʿᱻͽڣʤ
仰˵Ǳȵս
˵ԭһ˵еڲ֪ιʣѣʧȥãֻһտӡ
˵ǸտӣҲȡԨǸǰʹһ£»ָڵĿռ䡣
Գһ磬Ծͱ˿ӵ֮ء
Ǳȣɴ˶
˿̣ɽ˺ȥͷҺô˵㹻տô˾£һ𣬵ҲԵӵ
ڱǰ˿ѱһɣʮɵľ޴̨һհĻǣǵʱĻɡ̨֮ϣϱɢɳǧʹ⣬졣
һ׷ΪƽƽӵУ£ΰ֮䣬겻֣ܺ֮
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ңֱߴšѧ룬Ϣǿ¶տۺΪ
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ǰ˴֮һϷˣǸΨһһŮƽ̣ʵҲɲ⣬ǿ֮
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ϫʱΧΧ£˲ʮ֮ڣǰʢġ
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ϫ̧һȻͿǿĳϣѲ°ǧפУŮģ޲֮
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ʲô㹻
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ԭˣܽģǱȵǰһĲıǱȵǰʮȻս󣬽ʣһǱȵĵһ
ǿɲǣսҪ궼ңû˴βμǱȵжʿ˰뱦һ㣬Ҫ̭ǧأ

ϫЩμǱȵʿԱվ߾ʹһвɰ֣ʶľ󣺡ֵֻ󲻾ͿԽڶˣΪλҪƣ
һһҶսô죿̭ˣ
ľЦƣʹսһֶΣԽ࣬±̭ˣƾЩƣɿԵõĺͣ£˭ս
ϫ׹ȻλǱȵʹͣ;֮һƻȡһֱƾӮá
ǰһٵģɻôĵҩ͹ʹ͡
ǰʮģܹôĵҩķ
ǰʮģӵб˴ɡ塢ѧԺΪ洫ӵʸ
ǰģᱻʿΪŵӣ
еһģܵõĺͣѡĳʿԼʦ
ϫԭ
ʱһըװ㣬¡¡𣬰Զһ󲽶лСлս
󻹸żʮŮīǰһͬĻռǣȻЩŮлҴ˴βμǱȵӵܡ
ܣԭΪиŵԵüΪлսһЦԵޱȣ˲䣬ڳ˵ע⡣
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˳ռҿ׼նɱϫ׼ˣӳΣһһˡ
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ϫˣǰԴ㣬븡ʱһһնݲȻǺ
ǲҪڸҶ֣Զ첻ˣĴ˶ɱ㣬ȥռȡͣҶĶѰлս˵գʮлӵת뿪Ǻ±Լϫйϵ̶Ϊʸ֮ġ
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ϫܵĺȻԴԻĹʥһƺƺƵһһϽۼӵеļ𽣵Ҳǲ£׾̾
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ϫæջطɽɽⰵʱвһʲôðԵĸʴ֮


136 Ѫʴ
ϫԾı飬һѪ멣ƯգЦȻսˣҾʶʶɣ
˵ʱѪٴαǣӣѪ糱˲串ܰɷΧ
ת˲䣬ϫǰɫȻãһƬѪɫºȻǹѪɫ
ϫҪСģһΪѾﵽ˵֮ϣľˣǰѪɫ磬ĵͻȻ׷һٵľ棬ޱȡ

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ΪһԷ֪΢˺һĸ󾳽磬֮ϣʵиߵľ磬Ǿǵ
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ﵽ־磬ʿ֮䣬ؼиԼ磬ԼĵжԵУȫھԵƣ
ϫһķ֮⣬۸ȥһҲɻԼĵ򡪡֮
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ΪҪﵽ򾳽磬Ҫ޿ҪߵԣԼе֪ѰٵԼĵһҪĶԵͬҵĵͷȣඥûֶûǰڵ̽Ѱĥ򡭡޷ﵽ־硣
ʿԣҪﵽ򾳽磬ʵ̫ˣʿһӶԵڵ򾳽磬ź
ϸؾޣȻ˵β֣
ԭԭ޶ľѾﵽ־ˣǺˮҲһʧа૲ѡ
̨룬ƽüͷһ壬ѪеĳϫϸһĨĪɫ

Ѫ˹Ѫ졣޽̤Ѫ֮ϵһʮɷΧѪɫУһϮѪɫ멣ͫף紫˵еѪħһ㣬ƾˡ
ϫѪʴ֮Σ˵⣬ϧǱԲһﰡ
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ϫ͵ԼĴָУһڤ¼һ֧ڤ¼صıǴãһֱ֪;֮
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ϫһɣаڿն𣬷һ赭дһ˿ߵĹи£ѪؾһűֽţĲֽ˲䱻иƬ
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ۼЩڹҪиԼҲ̲סľ֣˴ɿȴ͵ؿԼѻǧѪƬһء
⾿ʲôǰһͷ
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޵ϫҲǳԾޱȣȻӦеڤ¼ȻųһɺƵֲΧڵѪƬϤһա
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ʱ벻Ϊڤ¼аֱ궯һѱҰƵģҪ
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Ҳ֪˶ãڤ¼аڲٵֿڳţϫų˿Ǵ졣
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ϫղŵһĻеһ˼ԼԼҲڤ¼аʵ;һ˿ģ˽⡣
Ѿûг֮ǰٲóʹˣɲԸΪԼѹסǴԼзߡ
ţҸղӿɢǿҵϢġ
ʦ֣Ҳע⵽ˡ
ҿ㣬սѾֳʤ˵ܴסһЩ˵ʿ̵ôأ

ԶɭУԼԼһӵ
ŪĶѾ˸ʿע⡣ϫаһݣٲҶ룬һ·ʩչ绯ݷӰһĨƵأ˲ʧççɭС


137 Χ
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ڳˣ඼Ŀתضųϫ֮ĶԾһǺܳţһͻȻͷǿ֮꣬ĶԾԨһˮ׼սڳĿ⣬ÿ˶˷ܵڴţ۾һգգعţΨִκһϸڡ
ȴϣؼʱ̣еĻ涼ʧˣ
ʱ֮䣬ըķˮţйԼеĲ
̨ϣҲɫɲǧ䣬ѵʲô飿
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İ׹Ȼһ㲨ʧһ˹ڵĻ»ָ
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ģ˾ʵһսȻˣջ𰡣
۷׷׵ʱһǺȵӴҴ̨Ǻˮǰ˵Щʲôɫϻ̳Ͽ֣죬ڻرһΪɲ顣
Ȼ˾ͿˮһƻǰˮһƬ˸ɢһļµĿֲϢ
ѵսˣ
һĻڳÿ˵жͬһͷǽԱͷһôܣΪ綼һĳϫսޣ
֣԰꣬˵ǱȣģˣҲá
ԱߣϷͻȻڣܽذϸǸһ˿εЦݣһֱ͵ϮɱԼŵļӹڻ˿̼ˮŭ֮ģ²ѷ˱ʣ
ߣˮһߣһǿ԰סеıŭɱ⣬ȻԼ䳰ȷϷˣ̧۳ϿȥҪϫǸС飬жߵΪȻܡ

ಣ
ϫɭƮǰУѸ硣
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㣬ֻ˷֮⣬ȱٱ仯ҽúòĥһ⣬ƿصĲͬԽ࣬۳ĵԽǿҪ֪ǰҼؼʮֵ⣬硢סءСļ任תơ³ϫ޲ĪġԽ࣬˵ԵԽ۳ĵȻͻ֮
٩٩̸˵ĵԽ࣬ǽ𵤵ʱ򣬸ֵڽ֮ڣ𵤵Ҳǻ֮ǰһЩǿʿֻƾ𵤣ƾ򷨣ħɽٺΪĵⳬĶ࣬𵤵һЩƷ࣡
ԭˣպҪעⷽˣܾԺУƴľǶԵνޱߣظԽƿصķȻԽǿϫȻ˵
κһʿյģսǶɽ٣벻ص򡣡ͬʿѰʵʵı֮޷ᵽؼһ˿Ǹ׺쳾еķҲûʲôˡ
ϫһ˵ףɱʱ֣һ˶ԣǱȣ˵һԼѳء
ģҰ㶼ܣ⸡߿Ϲﶢأҵһ¶»޾ꡭ
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뱦˹Ѿһʱ䣬μǱȵʿӦöѵ룬˿˹ÿ䣬ʿ
˵ܵܳ껺ͶϪˣ˶ϫл˵ˡ
ԴˣȻܵġ
ɱޣа֮ϫɲŽԼôˡ

ϫһڣʼо˺ԵıӴڸ߶Ƚ״̬ӴɢΧκεķ紵ݶޱȵӳԺ֮С
ͣطţת֮䣬ѳǹɭ֣һƬʯϿСͻȻ֮䣬ϫбһ̣Ӱתݺһƣһ۵Ļɫʯϡ
벻ǣʯûķѣǷһҽУԾ𣬻һ꣬ǱӰһʯҪŻ͵Ϯϫ
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񲢲Ԩӵܣۣͷ٣ȴǼΪһϫƳԭ̧ͣ־һɳӳϫȥ
ϫķӦ죬һһڤɽ˫ķоֱĨȥͷ­һʬ塣һӣԪĵһɳɢɳȥʬϣʱʬð̱ζգۼ䱻ʴһ˿û¡
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ôɳ
ϫһҡҡͷϵҲˣת뿪
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ԸЩˣϫһɱɴ䣬ûκε֮ģ󱬴ĻᣬҪɱˣ͵бɱľЩûиĻᣬֺαؼʷ뿪
ϫͷ۵ǣǰУʿԽԽ࣬ɱڷսǣһֳϫ֣ɱ˫սټңҲ˲֣ͣһ𣬳ɱģǳϫǲĳһ
ϫȻ֪ʲôԭɱԼԶػռʹ͵һҺƽ׼Ʒ˭᲻Ķ
ΪΪʳǸԹ񶼵˲Ƶ
ϫԲ־ܣٵģʹɱ֣˶ģʩչ绯ݷӵûܵ˺һѵƺʹ﷨Ҳ֮ϲ
Ϊܵܳ껻ϣϫɱԽĹһʴĺơ
ʱƣϫĴҲüټѾ¶˿׷һȺһȺʿһ˦βͣƺƵӴ֮
ЩУ޹ѧԼҵӵܣѵõ󳤱ռͬһսߣֳϫټȻǽ׷š
źǣǵٶȸ޷һ֮ĳϫȣ˴˼ľԽԽѾϫ˦ȥǧ֮ءó׷ٵٮٮߣ͸ˡ
Щļһ겻ɢżҵܵܣҷɱȥɣ
ϫҲ׷һӻ޴йֱʱûҵܵܵһ˿ټ֮ƿ֪
ʱǰͻȻɱ֮ƺƴ֮ԶԶܸܵǿҵԪ
ϫɢһ۾ͿԶһƬ̹ԭϣϰٺڰз裬ڵ棬߰˸ɫƽڵΧƳһȦȻǱסˡ
УϫһϤ֮ӰȻԼĵܵܳ껣


138 
ܵܺƽ߸ӱϫûмų־ˡ
һٶռӵΧ£Уһشһǧɳһ㣬Ʈ޾ԣеһͷųɱǽ𵤾ʿĿֲϢ
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˵ʱŮֶһƵǵƽǽıһϸܵľΣɢ޾ɷ֮
һԻƽ׼ƷΪ˫Уһһ࣬ƽƽӴŮһԴɱ
˵˫еһ׷ƽһλ̳֣ɱֵԹޣѪ߰ߣɷ顣λ̳ɱ̫أڶɽ֮ʣͷɵһ˫Ҳ⵽ش׽˻ƽ֮С
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ֲֿܵڣܵܵĺȻۻ׳ŮҲϸԲΪ۵ƣ͵ֵܵܲǰһʱ̵ȷܡ
ԶϫԾ̾ѣüͷһ壬ĿɨЩռӵܣԣЩûóȫΧڵȴʲô
뵽⣬ϫԺһʱռӵܵͼҪԼԼ͵ܵһһ򾡰

ʦ㣬Щռ֮ɴ󣬰ҵΧڴˣôȥǵԪȻᱻĴ޷ͻΧ롣
˫Уâϯɷ֮ܵĹϤն
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ʦ㣬ǿˣѾ֧Ų˶ãɵľԮˣҲ޲ˡʱһؽе˵ǶҪֹڸһˣҲİ
ʦܣв˵ЩɥսʤԶǸδ֪ͻȻλʦܣҵȱңĥµˣֵΣʱ̣ؼȥδǶԼľѻᣬ˽٣ضв棡
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ԣһڵ¶֮ɫ׷׵Ǹѡ
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ȻϫɱܵܣУһϮѵսһȣʼָԵռӵܡͯʮ˶ԸƽڵĵӣҪǲסѲʣµˣһɱ껣

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ͯΪ׵ʮռҵӣһأϤΧȥǰΧˮйͨһȫսһ䳰ȷҪ

ɶ񣬾ҷϣ
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ʲô㶨ûôһ߳˫лûǧâȻܱȥʣɷ
ֵǣɱ󣡡Ϊ׵ͯһЦ
ʱ֮䣬ʮ˽Ųлÿ˵ԪĶÿʮһ飬һУ˺󣬵ڶʮ֮ȥظ޾һ㣬һδƽһǿֲƵ˿ƶķΧС᧿Σ
飡
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Ȼ糱ˮӿĹƾɱ֮ΰȴԽԽ˾
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ϫһ֣ʮıɽɵη⽣ڶأ֮ǿǽʿе壬η⽣󱾾ٶƣں˳ϫķ֮֮ٶ֮죬Ѹɺûʲô
һƵ籼ף磡
ʮռӵܸ㼴ɱͻһĻ˲ڳסжҲǳһ˿ɬ
ϫҪľЧһɱˣ³ç£ǿռҵӹ˵ķߣ໽ȥ׼һϾ˼ߣӶ˸ֲ
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ͣͣ
ϫҲǹһɱ飬˱ڤɽһһ˵
򵥵һ˲䣬ռӵٴαɱʮˣ⻹ǳϫϧԪʩչη⽣ڶصԵʣȫʩչһȥֻҪɱĸࡣ
˹󣡡һ࣬սϫ֣һϲȻϫһɱʮӵܣһŭϫբˮңٲҳɣȳ
ռӵ类ϫˣγһ㣬Եˣսλû϶ȥ
ϫӵ˵һսɹò״򿪵ľ㽫ڣ˲ͻ᧿ΣӰһΣͬƹ֮˱ڤɽ֯ɴһȥ
źǣռӵѴӸղŵѹսĴҵĹǣ˱ߵֿʧ˵Ĵ£սһ
˿̣ڳϫĳ֣սǱҲѳ˶Գ껵ĹںϣܿһµĴŰѳϫ껡ԼٴΧ롣
ϫ֪Ѿʧȥ˿еĻᣬҲ׷ɱˣֵղţлλҵܵܲ벻ϫмպл
ϫ˶УǶһ֪ʱӹ˱ɱĶˡ
ΧռӵɵĴҪʱǵĶʱɫء
磡߹Ĩͷˮ˵Ҿ֪ġ
ԺҪƴ򲻹ӣûʲôö˵ġϫղſܵƫִƴӣȷһܵģܵһһսʤĵˣȥֻẦԼ
ޡ껵ͷ΢ȻͬϫĹ۵㡣
еǰϫ֪˿Ҳǽѵܵܵʱֻһ̾ٶ˵
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ҲˣϫĿУԴһ˿ɫʣǲǸ꣬ǰһ
ǻȽǰľģΣϫܶ𣬰ĿԶս
ҲáҲ֪ʱĵʱ򣬵ٶ˵ܵռӵȥ
˿̣ս£ȥϫɱĶʮˣʣһռӵһһһۣһ飬صһ˻ƵİķλΧ£ܡ
γһ̣ʱһɰѹ˷Ϯ˸еѹ֮֮һ
ռҵˮһΪΣΧ£ɱ̣֮ÿ˵ܻһϣֻҪһܹ乥ͬᱻ˹ͬ⣬ΪȻǰĴΪɿ͵
ȷϫͷһ˸ϸʿһֱֲ֪ܹ֮ɱǽ𵤾ʿ
磬ô죿ʵ
ɱȥҪ죡ϫԥһ·˴ʿо޹ѧԼҵĵӣʱ䣬Ҳ˵أһռ֮˻ϣ롣
ԣֻгڣô˿̣һɱȥлĻᡣ
ȻȲѵʱ򣬿󱬴뿪˭ܸģֻǸһ㣬˿̱뿪û˭Ըܡ
ȻˣҵȾϫѷԸһж˵
ãҴͷǸҺߡϫҲˮ֮һƮ㼴ԶȥĿȻսλá
ܴԷһֲ껵ĸ粻򵥰䰵ͷӣһϫ

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ΪѿҪͻƵ򾳽磬۹ⶾ֮һ۾Ϳϫ
ηΪΪ˼ܻһ
ųϫʮıɽɵη⽣󣬻һµĽͼͷսɱȥ
֮ϼӲʯ˺ѳһ޴Ĺ֣նƺذ˵İ֮
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ಡ
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ΡΡأΨȻһȣֳ򵥵һ̳ĪɵĺƵ⣬ɫİ֮ӿڶȥ
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ڳϫȫ£ǧڰ׷Ԫâڴѣ񱩵ȻɢԲĵ涼ըýɣʯҽ
ҲûõģֻˮСһǵֵ˳ϫֵܶ˻ӵõսֵܶ󱬴Ҳûãԡ
ڴֽˣϫһɫǱ֮ս֮䣬²֮


140 ϫϮ
أսЦˣϫĿһˣǱȱռҺ־ٰ죬ռҪɱһˣ˭ӵõ
벻ռҾȻ˱޳ܡüƽıȴռְ֮һЩ˵ֽţܲ˷ŭ
ĪҪ˵Ըˣֻһ֡ɱϫ͸ռŽⲻ𣬴˿ֱռһѣԼ͵ܵ˫˫ʧȥ·Ƿŭ˼£ѳŭ
ԺûͷʲôҲˣգҪڳռ˶ɱˣй֮ޣ
ϫѣղŵһѾҾųɾŵԪҰﲻʲôæˡȻ
˼ˣҲ׷׵ͷɫȻ޾ʣڳϫû֮ǰǱռӵܵΧ¿֧ţղŵһǺľȫǴΪսĵز
Ѿ󱬴뿪׼ΪǰľƸûʲôȫˡ
磬һһսҧ˵ɫȴˢ쳣Ӳš
ϫɫƽǶںߣһ
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ֻռӵܣƽڵҲǾɲǿռΪˮܹɱǽʿϫѵռӵ˵ϫ֪ͻΧѰ·
硭̧ͷ
ϫЦŴϵŻ֪ʵΣ죬ͺúÿţ볬ңɲô׵顣
˵ʱϫһΣʩչ绯ݷವһʧԭأǧӰƮһƱеķ磬ĴѰĿ϶
ͬʱʮıƽƷɽϳɵڶصη⽣󣬳սɱȥ
һУǣǭ¿ˡսмһЦָһǧնХֱϫĹԵ֮
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ϫһٴα˺ͳ껵ɫúܲÿǳ껣촽ѾڸΣʱƴҲҪ¸硣
ˣĽҲʩչ˼ΰսƮ߲ĳϫ˵Ҳ²ûԪѴڿݽ߱ԵԣҲð׷ˣáڣ͸ɣΪ֣ɽ
սƮƮޱȣ裬ǧӰ۳ȭݺһ
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Уϫǧˣ˵ܣһֶܳȫһֻᣬ
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磡껱һʹͦȴƽڵĵס
ȥҲ㲻װȥȾɡһ˵ΪܾóϫѲѰ·֮
ܵռӵܼѶ̲סЦ
Ҿ˵СѰ·ˣߣһΪ֣ɽӣҵ߳ɵԪǽʿҲñСϣ˷ˡ
ǰС̫ˣһ˿ҵȣӲǽˮʲô
ţ԰ˣ类һѹˣһﻹţǿĺܰ
սҲע⵽ϫǵֿסǧѹΪҹζ࣬һӣʧȥһսͯˣһȥɱˣͷ­ȡҪռãοռλͥʿһλǽ𵤾ʿ飡

̤ͯϫߣűǧڹƵסĳϫ˽Ц
ϫ˵ŽɶıأһǱռңͯЦ˵ʱŷɽͳϫͷ­ȥ
Ȼʱ͵ؿϫзǵûǰľͷŭһ˿֮ɫ

һ䵭ĮԭϢή˥ĳϫվӣȫӿֳһɲ嫡ϵĿֲϢ꣡꣡Ķǧ˲ɢֽһ
һ̣ϫĵһһɲϵХܣ𵴣ӳĵĹħһ㡣
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仯ʵ̫죬ӳϫǧٵɱͯˣͬһʱ䣬ֻǰһͿͯ˵ͷʬҡҡλźȻء
ʧૣħԭɱﵡ

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ƽڵҲ̲ס̾
Ҹ籾ͺ˷ܵСͨ졣
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ϫһնɱͯˣӰͣΧ˲Ӧ֮ʣͻϣȺռӵУһȭһԴת۹򣬱ɱʮռӵܣƺ֮ͣ
סܣ󣡡սŭգȡ
ϫò״סᣬ˺ˮĿӣ½󣿵ӰζһɳȺĴ㣬Ʈ߻ɱ췭ظ
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ռӵд˻ѵأսı֮󣬵ս£ȥ
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һ̣ϫڼԼǿɱﵣںɷ֮ľɷ֮֮ǶӡѴﵽڶصľ֮һ룬κλƽ׷ڽڣʱƾǶӡϫ˲ץλͥʿ
˿̣ԻĹʱڵͨţһճ֣ӿֳĲϵϢ˲أڳ˶еļ¿־岻ѣƿĲһֻյĴ֣һبǰĿֲħ
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죡죡
֮䣬ʮռӵܲأĻûУʣµĶʮѱ˵ð׷Ų˳ȥ
սҲУǰ˳ϫһۣǵһʶϫһ㣬Ŀ͸¶޾ĳޡŭʡ־塢Ȼ


141 
⡣
Ǳѻȸš
ž
ޱߵļžû˵ÿ˵񶼴һȻ״̬
ӳϫսȰٶռӵܿսڳ˵Ŀⶼ⴦ս
һռҰٶϸʿǴռһȫľ仰˵ǴռҵδÿһпܳɳΪ׵Ĵ
һǳϫֵܶˣԼƽڵ߸ӡ
ϫԲ˵Ԩǵ죬ͷ˫
ܵʮϸǣպȻ⣬ҲǸ޾׵š
߸ƵУƽһԨ֪Ů
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սɡıԣԼʩչʵ޲ϵǿ޲֮ͬʣ˾̾ζ
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ħ

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ֱս뿪ⳡսĻ
ڳ˶ԣⳡսÿһ棬ÿһϸڣأԺлصţþԡ
ʮ꣬ħϸ磬ϸ磬Ϊ⾳硭һֱŰ
ĻıܣŲߣһͨԵĹ̥ǳɳǻ˵ã
Ҳ֪ʲôûнҿһıԣԲԼĵƶ¶ġ
Ҳ֪˶ãžȺͬը˹˺Ȼ𣬸ֻ޲ΧųϫԵ֮
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ϫ̾˿Ŀһɨһ̯̲࣬һӣĴ﷨ָȻʮ֮࣡
޺Ʋҹݲʣ˳ϲ۰Щһﶼռҵϸʿ﷨ڵĲӦüΪ񣬵Ǳҡϫûв̽ڵĶͳͳ
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߰ɣ뿪˵ϫһɨܣһӣһұնŵܵܵˣƶ𣬳Զɶݶȥ
ұһٶ첻˵ܿϸԲʿȫһⱦһڣѾ㹻ˡ
һÿֲȻ˫ޣ´һСĵ㣬ҵ޽ѾɣȻҲ
ڳϫ뿪ãһСɽϣһͷʿֳΣ˫üŨīӥбһϢ˿̣Զʧߵıü˼
ڴˣһܹϳ˵ݣǱ޽䣬һ԰˴֮һŵҫ
ߣʵ֮ǿԶҵܹսʤǲ֮ǲҪǴΪãӾӡ
Һûг֣϶ռҵӵһ³
ס⸡ڣ򲻿ΪС
ڸսĲֹС޽䣬ӵܣĿ˳ϫһ֮Ťתս֣κˣﻹгûٵ˼·׷ŤͷߣͲȥ׷ųϫұ
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һұٿȻ䣬ϫ͵ܵܳ껵߽ԱһصҷУҷߺȻһȻʯ
ϫĿܴһͷ֮ǿޱȣѷһʯϢٺʲˡ
ܵܣһץʱָϲпܾͻᱻͽڶˡϫԸ
š껵ͷҲ֪ܹڶ󾳵ǧʿǾɱӱٮٮߣҪһۣսǾָǵ֮
Ҳ֪̬ٶ˵Ǵ˿̶ԳϫΪ֮ԳϫĻνƴӣϥأóҺʼ˹Ϣ
ףػöڣҲҪָһϫ
ˣ֤һɱһС״ڴָУƻˣɱڵطڣСͦñֱǹ
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ûٵʱ䣬ϫһطϥأóһƿҺת׾ĿϢ
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ҡҡͷ˵ҺҸѾûˣǰؾأҼ洫ġǺֹҲ֪
ǰֻؾ磿
ԣֻ䣬ڵӽһϸһĨ֮ɫ
Ӧһʱ䣬ﵽϸǾ磬ΪҲϸΪ˵ʣҶȲҡͷԳ
ʦ㣬˭ֻ֪ʮ꣬ѽҪ̤ϸأǿҪ۳Լıѩƽڣ˭ܱȵù㣿ĵӿ˵дԵľ
ҿɱȲ껣Ų꣬쾳ϸأؼһһĺȻ⣬ٹ꣬껾ͳƽʮ洫ӵĵһඡ俴ų껣ǳǳЦ
ǰʦܵʵȷƵǳף֮Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ףֻҪ޿һ˭νţʣڷŬҪġϫӴЦ˵
˿ѻָȫԪпҪͻƵĸо֪ò˶ãԼ̤ϸ֮ңڼȡʯڵǳ֮ѪƤĤ֮Ҳ׻һβСľ롣
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ˣ
ȻĻ䣬ÿ˵ͷϣسһУһɰϯһ̣ϫ˽ʧԭء
Ȼ˹ϸʿ̭ǧˣʣµǧˣԱͽ˱ڶ㡪󾳣


142 ľ
ɸ߿֮ϣϫأƬﷶΧĴϣ类ݺиһ޴ġ֡
һƬǧﷶΧΡ̨ϣͨڣԺɫʯɣԶԶһ̨ԶŻõļ̨ɢһɲءµϢ
ڶĽϣֱɭ֡ɫɽ۽ѩ־䡣
Ǹڶ㡪󾳣
ಣಣಣ
ԶһݹӲ»֮أתʧ
ڱڣǧ˱̭һǧŰˣֻһ˲ܽǾһˣǴ˴Ǳȵǰˡ
ԽԽпˣҺռҵ˼ȫ𣬶Һ͵ܵѾ첻вѾôռӵѹĴܻܵһµģǲٵİΣˡ
ϫĬĬ˼Ƭ̣һΣɭȥطɭȫŵء
Ȼϫ벻ǣ󾳵ǧʿƺĬһѡƬɭΪŵأЩ˸ϫһҲΪ˵ػܰȫ
ҲǣطҪô۽Ļ𺣣ҪôǱ˪Űıأ̫ӣһСΣա
ϫȻǳϫ
ߣǿɲĶ֣
ôɷǣ

ϫһɭֵһյϣ絽߰˸ʿʱ񿴵ֲĹһţҲƵس˷Ӷȥ
벻ѾôˡϫӣԳѣһࡣ
պҲһôʵԲʿԼΪУʵǿʿҪԼ֣ҲõҪĴۡһɹ˿أȫõĳܵУƣӦԵľ档
ʱ͵ظܵһ޵ľϢϢᵭƮ죬ȴ֮ȫһĶ
Īǻųӯľ֮ıϫһһӣϢԴͷѰȥ
ġ¾֮ϸľ֮ȫвӯɷ֮֮ľ֮
ϾƺľƼȡɷ֮תȻԡ
Ҫͻϸأؾ磬ַѭһǲɷ֮תΪľһȻֱһЩ̺ľı˿̣֪ƬɭпܴڳӯľıȻϫĶѡ
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һϫᵽһŨµľ֮֮ϢԴͷȻǰͺͺĴ
Ҳ֪ǺͺͺһƬȴɢŨľ֮ϫĬĬ˼Ƭ̣ȴ벻Ȼ
ȻˣҾͰȻ󳹵еľΪͻϸ׼
ϫһ˿ɫ˵ţһӣһɰԪһֻʮɴľ֣߬Ŵɣ͵ȥ
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ϫҲ˵ڻĹʱڣľֱƵķɣľһſ̫ʵ̫ǰͺͺȴɢŨľ֮ĴȴǼδδš
ϫģóɽڵٸҪ۶ô֦ڣ޹
죿
ѵҪľ
ϫü˼ѣƬɭУǧʿݺУûʲô

СӲɱУȴڸһ棬ǹŹְ
ȻҪľע⣬ݺЦ
ǰľڸв֪ǲ֪жҪջ飿
˵ľôȻû֪˵ŹֲŹ֣
ֹľȸ𾧣侳ˮ飬׻Ҳ޴Ӳ֤ȴɢŨľˮ֮ϧ˱ǧȴܹȡò˵һź
⣬ɻؿŴرߵĳϫ¶ЦԷǵı飬󾳵һЩм顣
쿴ƽڵŵġ޽սˣ˽һսݴ
ȺУһڳ˵ĿԴӳϫŲƿͶսС
̨ϵĸҲ಻ס棬ĿˢˢͶ뵽ⳡսϣһ̣ûٹעϫˡ

Ŵڵľ֮γײأ
޲ðһ̽ﰡ
ϫԺһ̽ڣôСһ
׿ȥôĸҧϣϫְѰ׿гСһ̳̣κβôĻǿɾ÷ˡ
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ϫԼ׿Թص˳ϫһۣȻһ̣Ŀȴϫǰôˣ񿴵һһζСһһȥ
꣡꣡
׿ݷļֱ˷ָһȥôĸ˺һ飬ûãڵĸȻһ׿̽˶ӣȭͷССӣֱһ޵׶ƵģһС
ϫ˿۾һգգضŰ׿ֻѴȫҧϣͻĴ
꣡䣡
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Ȼϫ𾪵ǣʧȥ˸ôɾۿɼٶȻľмĩƮ׹أﻹһ˿ľ֮
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ء
ʱ׿ͬѰ˳ϫע⣬ͷһһĨ̵СӳУҶΣŨļľ֮ԨԴͬʵһ㣬γһƬɫСƶ䣡
׿ð̹⣬ݺݳСȥ
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ϫ͵һʶشһ̣Сһ;Сֻһ֮ʣоյץ˻
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ⶫɲܸ̣ˣȥԷȥɡϫһͰԹİ׿ͽ˴ָСһָ̣ڵķѾȫںˣСһ﹦ͺܴ󣬳һЩҲӦõģô
˵ЩѱϫϸѡòϵĻƽƷµĴڣ˾ͳˣǸ׿׼ʳ
һ̣ϫ㱻СסֱСһһ䱦


143 
СֻƴССֻƬҶӣÿƬҶӶε䣬ƮŨͬʵʵľϢƬҶϣƯƬ̵ƶ䣬ÿɰӿɢ񾫴
ϫѾȷǹͺͺĴֻһűõĿǣСĲɢľ֮ıԴڡ
ССɢŨľ֮ɳǻ˵ãС亱䱦ϫһǿ԰мĿСĸ
һ鿴һ𾪵ĶϢ
Ϣǲеϡ֮˵̫ʱڣħϢֱش󿪣Ϣ֮޾£ٲֹ
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˵УδʱħڻϢС缳ȡľȻǻϢֲû졣ϫٵҲеһ޷Ƶļӿȫ
һӿɢľ֮С磬һƴСĻϢؼĺǰֿɵã˭ܲ
ڣȰϢͬС˵ϫһ͵ؾǸڣĿעһ˲Ϣû٣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
ϫһУȻӣСسϢȥСĸϸ緢׶ϵòСġ
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ϢС羹ȻҵУϫǾɻ
ע⵽ŻϢСĳ֣Լƺľ֮䣬һϵ֮ͨһϢʳɬϵϢӿľƣСպֻ֮ľ֮ӿԼѪƤĤ֮ڡ
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ԸоԼУɷľԣֶһ˿ĸϢ

糤һӿĺǱǰǿ˲ֹһµÿëжɢһ˿ء嫵Ϣܿ죬ɢ˱ܡ
ңľڵСʱ޿̲ӿһɹɵľ֮ӿڣԴԴȫѪ⡢ǡƤĤอ˵С磬ϫսʱ򣬸صݽߵ⣡
ϢڵС缳ȡɾֹЧʧȥֽĹЧҲ֮ʧҰճϫƲ⣬Լ߾ȫʩչǶӡС粹ٶȣͻԶԶĵٶȣȻսֻҪܻôϢĻᣬҲȫ˲ָ
ȻϫźǣСֻܲΪҪ׸߾磬ʯתΪܰϸظ֮Բ
ӵһСܹԴԴɢ֮֮ˮ֮ıǸöð
ϫпһһ׻Ϊ͵ʶһ⣬ڵ֮أӵһɢľ֮С磬İ׻֮ءȸ֮ء֮أ᲻ҲȱĴڣ
ϫ಻ֱҲգУǧʿ໥ɱɣô˻ᣬҾȥѼˡ
뵽⣬ϫٲͣһ·һӣ׻֮صľ޴ɫɽӶȥ
һ·ϣƬɭдɱսܹ뱦ڶ󾳵ǧʿͬʿеٮٮߣЩǿʦֵ֮İģһľͱԼˡ
Ͼܹ뱦ֻһˣһ˱ǱȵǰһԻôĵҩҲ֮쳹Ͻн磬ҪҪ£ͬһŵʦֵܣΪһҲսɱֻʵǿĲܽ뱦߲㡣
ţǱߺְۼҪӳƬɭ֣ϫǲʲôʱͣٽŲӴ֮Ƕ
ԼĪʮλãһһŮڰսŮüĿ续ֳ֬һ˫У˫з֮䣬ǧѩƵķâϯأɷɱϣȻƽһ䡣
ĶһͷʿӢ꣬˫üŨīӥбһϢǱΪ޽Žܳ䡣
˿̣䱳ϵѽѳһڡһסڽ䣬׽ҫ۴Ŀڷɵɱѽѷ֡
˽ڲμǱ֮ǰͷѳԨǣ븡֮ǰǱԳǱǰʮĺݽɫһսǿֲ˺һеڷԲʮڣޱȡ
˾춯صһսȻ˴Ŀע⣬ܣ˿ʿڹսʵľͲεĵطʵǿĸɴҰõλãĿһգգض˵սɫ𾪡򿺷ܡ򣬻ü˼һ㡣
ϫĬĬפƬ̣㼴ת뿪˵ʵ൱ҶûóȫսҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ϶ԣѰԼĶıΪҪ
ڳϫ뿪ûãӰٿȻսδ
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һʿһ࣬ҪҺȴһֻסϢȥ
龰ܿٵţЩڹۿսʿȻûע⵽ǱļһϢո


144 ߸ͽ
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Ÿһʲôˣ
ڳжǳޱȣԭʢǰǱȣҲƺĨһ

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׻֮غ󣬾Ͳһ˿֮ѭϢͿһԲľ޴ʯ
ʯ֮ǰǿùͺͺİɴһˮ֣ɽˣӲޱȡϫз׿Ͱ޴ʯеһɶ¶Ĵһ
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˿̣ڳϫϣƲų֡
мƣƯһɬڻҵĻϢ
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Ǽ֮󣬳ϫһ͵طױ֮䱳ϣƵ·ٴζһƣ·ţǱơ
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һνףûô⡭Ҳ̫˼ˣϫоԼϵµڱˣˣзһжǻþеʵ

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ϫ룬վĲ£վӣ֮صɭзӶȥ


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ѣڳͬ˽ĿóϫЩ˹ɼ飬ΪѾ֤ȷ䣬ҷ÷ֵ̫ˣҴӵĳªԨҵӵҲ˲ءȻЦ
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⡭ģ
˶ɵˣеķŭ޶ʱɣβѡ
ĪҪƭˣǾֻʮ˲ܽ뱦߲̫Щ˼ϳϫȴʮˣ϶Ҫ̭ʮˣϫΪȴЩͽˣӦãҲǾɲȴǲ̳ϫϴ̵ϵæе
ƥҵʣЩ֪ҲòǱȵκνΪҪ뱦߲㣿ҸǺһģΪҪɱѵͲѡԶ˳
ʱɳԼˮҲ̲סڰգָʵ
Сƥ챩һ̧־ͳץȥ
ôƽڵĵ˵д𣿡̤ǰһӣһɰԪȻֱ˺
ãӵϣҲƽϣϫѲڣǱӳҾɱ˭ңǾռΪУ¡
ɫˮɭȻ˵Ȼ˵һ룬ȴȻֹĿ棬¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ļڳ˵עٴͶ棬˶Ŵ죬֮


147 
Ǿڡ
ϫٳֵһɲǣͿԶʮħԼΧ£Բ죬Ȼ֡
ʮ˼ϸصΪŵ⾳ΪչոѴﵽϸԲ磬ֻһ̤ͥ硣
ʮ֣ɱκһǽʿ
ݡ
Ŀķϼÿһǻƽ׼Ʒʮ˵Ĳٿ£ͬ˷к£ղͻȻĻɽһ㣬ƺȻޱȡ
û˵ûԥһȫһݣȻʮħѾһгװѳϫɱ
£ϫҲɣȫȫתֳкݺһץ
ˣ
ضڲһɷΧľ޴ƺճֻ֣죬ͨǿɫɫɫɫɫХ磬·ϣ貵ǳתݣ
ָһ֣һɼءȻ񡢱ҡ嫵ĿֲϢԾΪģܺȻɢնҵϵʯǱϢѹôѡݡ
ԶԶһֻ֮ɷ֮ľ޴ƣֱبŶصħ֣֮죡
У޴Ƹһ֣㼴ݺһץǵصĸַϼʱϤץУָһһ󾪳صıը¡¡
һƽ׼Ʒ飬м֮գۼͻһѷĩƮ£ʧӰ١
񣬳ϫϸؾ磬ͨǶӡںľ𡢱ˮ̥֮һ㣬ǰʮֹѴﵽ˵ؾ硣
ϸصʱ򣬳ϫʩչǶӡһɱͥʿΪ磬ǶӡѾ׷Щƽ׼ƷǶӡǰҲǴֽһһ顣
ۡ
٣չΪ׵ʮħܵش̲סһѪɫˢ֮
ôܣϴμһʩչɱռӵܲŹȥ죬һֱô࣡
ʲôͨ󱬻ƽ׼Ʒ
һʵ̫࣬ѵ֮ǰһֱʵ
ڱ˹ʱЩħԹ˳ϫռӵܵսԳϫʵνһԲŻҪһɱ˳ϫȻ˿̣ϫȴ֮ǰǿʮֹǵȫһգǶԼһ˺β𾪣

չյ˰Ծ֮ʣϫһǶӡٴκȻ¡
飡飡飡
ȵɷ֮ӿ£ھ޴УһѹΡɽݺ£˲ʮħҽ棬óһ̯࣬ò
ãο޷ˡչǱɫ֮
չ죬죿̫ǲǶְԶ½ƽе͸һ˿־壬˭Լͬһ˲һúƵ࣬Ҳᾪ֮
ô죿ӳȥҲܻȥҲŹǣˣСͬھһ֣ʩչѪӤ󣡡
չһ˿ɫһӣһֲԪݶϷɳһ޴ͼͼ棬̹Ѫȳ죬һŤӤţţ˷ˣƹǹɲ֮
ʣʮħһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ廯Ϊһ⣬˾޴ͼ֮Уһ˲䣬ͼӤʮ˵Ѫ⡢ǽһգͼڹʢŨĺͬһţţҪ͸
ȻѪӤҪӤ꣬ͯоѪѪɷܹ֮ɣϫҪСģΨһôԱ൱ǽʿԱԼı𵤣ʿǶ֮âǾŭ֮
ʿס
ϫһﻹԥȫʩչǶӡչպݺҶȥͬʱʮıɽһܣػܡ
ȥɣչһЦſһɾѪ˫һͼɣһְգ㻯ʮ޴ѪɫӤͷ˫ǣŤа
¡
ʮѪɫӤһ֣Աը
ɲ֮䣬غһ̻ˣֲ纣ХȻϯأǧﷶΧڵɽʯľеֳһҵ״̬
꣡
գۼ䣬ͷµǶӡȻѡ壬ϫѼƲԶȥȴϣǿֲ֮תϮʮıƽƷɽ밧һ𻵣Ƭա
ۣ
ϫֻ类ǧѾ޴ݺһǣԴǶϸ΢Ķһ͵³һѪɫҰޱȡ
ѪӤɴɵʿԽ࣬ԱԽǿѪӤɴҪɵʮĸǽ𵤾ʿԱȫɱɼǿߡ
ҺãչռѪӤɴ󣬲ֻʮϸʿѪǣԱǶӡʮıƽƷɽ赲Ѿ࣬ҳϫΪѴﵽϸؾ磬Ȼƽ׷ǿˣԱʱŽӹһ١
㡭㡭ȻûԶչվִеǿɱκǽʿκʿ⵽شôԵ
ϫûһתϽѹǵ˲ָͬʱ䱳ϣľڵСӿɢһľӿڣ˲ƺһ룬ȫҲָ߰˳ɡ
ʱ֮䣬ϫٴαͣȡ
Ҫ֪ϵУֱӵŻϢС硢𾧡ˮ֮ı໥ת֮£ľ֮֮֮ˮ֮ͻԵԶԶϵزѪĵ˵սֻҪϫϢĻᣬȫȡ֮֮ߡ
ϫתۼѻָ۷״̬չٴαݺһѣͷƤ飬ԴҲ벻⾿ôһ£ѵһһĹ̥
ɣϫ󲽶һץǶӡƾճ֣ץСƵİչ߬Уǳס
ҲղʩչѪӤչѰһԪУǲϧĵѪǿѪӤѱޱȣﻹֿ
ţ㲻ɱңѵͲ֪ȡģչվִе
ɱ㣬Ȼ֪ϫĮȻ꣡䣬չ˾ֱǶӡһɹŨѪ档
ˣʮħһûӵȫϫնɱһգ

ϫһӣԱʮħĴˣϵʮŸϤС
ȴ򿪵ıչյĴһɨڵжʱȻģУ˴ĻƽƷʮҺСɽƵĵҩ֮⣬һСӰħݷķԼһűƵķ
һ˲䣬ϫĿŷϣֽƽ𲭣ɢʹĽ⣬ϱһŤ֣ϲһַġ
١ߡԡСǰУһڽг˷ϵķķɬŹ֣ȴ͸һׯµظС
ʲôϫһͷˮ
Ҳ²ⲻĻӦϹŷõģŸֱǷŵľԣ׻˵дһ˿𾪣˵ÿһжŷһ֮ͨҲ֮Ҳֻ˵⻹ͷһμķġ


148 ɽ
ţ
ϫﲻѣҲţڻĹʱһɣеӹͷ㣬зҹǻ纣ޱߡ
ڰǰַű㼴ʧ˼һ䴫Ҳ֮ʷС񣬹ڷŵҲѳ翵Ĵ˵
ŵľѵЩһƾȡ⸡ϫɻ
ţˣ˷ܵǷ˼ڻĹʱ򣬷Ŵҵɽڣٲ˸Ҳ²ⲻһŵ
ϫȻһͺܺˣ϶շĹؼڡ
ȷˣ⸡ֻʣһˣ϶ᱻ͵߲̫ϴ˷ˡ˷ܵ˴͵ڶһǿԻһСĿֲڡ
˵̫磬⸡Ѿ𻵵Ҫ޸Ҳ֪Ҫ¡ϫҡͷοҲͲ֪޸չյĴУҲûй޸ķ
ûϵһտҲԴϡĲءЦ˵
ϫЦЦȴҲڴѡ
˿̣͵Ž븡߲ˡ

ڳϫ״ʱ򣬸ȴһ⾰
ڳÿ˶һ𺳣żҪźȴٳٿ˿ڣɫǹ죬Ρ
ȷΡ
֮ǰһΪϫЩͽɼ飬ΪʮĶͽ޲ðѳϫʬΣҡ
Ȼ˿̣ϫɴɱжͽԼشҪΪϫźȴŲ죬ɫβŹء
ߣЩ޴ļһǿЦ֮ñһŪľ泩֮ȴǵˡ
˵ĺáش޵
ˣҲĹƻ󡣡ϪݸϫɱжͽҲɣü
ã˵ֱͨɶ컯ȻĹħ̨֮ϣƽƽ̾̾
һ˲Ӯ֮ͬǰȶˣȴֲЩͽƵ÷׷ӳϫȴһ֮ݿɱʮͽԱȣȻԵóϫֶξˡ
Ŀⶾ֮ǿϫ֮׻ʩչֲ̫ͨһ鼸ʮƽ׼ƷͨţǶǵһμǾ̾ѡ
ֻռҼ죬ɫÿγˮϫȡõĳɾԽԽоԽޣ˿ҼԳϫֱ̾һѰѣеıŭͱˡ
ЩĶô˾ȻɱԷһˣԶӰУȫ
С˴Ҳֲǣֵʵ̫ǿˣҿ˶ľѣԷУһ鷳ǿϷѾ˼ǧŵķŪ¡һԣͬķڤһС
ߣȻ֪ߵƾշ˱Ҳ֪޸Ҹᣬ֮Ӵһ£Ȼɱ͸ˣ
ԼǡڤСЦ
ֻϣܱסɣƥĿ֮£˵˸ʱڣǿɾ鷳ˡ̾

߲㣬̫
ֻǸɷΧĿռ䣬ıϿ̻裬裬ʢ컨Ʈļֻ棬һµķӻϣЦڽ֮Уת͸һɴ顢ڡϲζ
Ǵ˵еķʥˣȻɲͬԳһɴ󣬴ءϫһͽ㱻ǽϵĻˣϵаԾ̾ѡ
ĬĬĦƬ̣ϫĿⲻһתʱ̫λõһһ˸ߵʯʯһСɽ壬ϸȥܿ͵֣Ȫٲ°ɵ澰
ұϣдֶ֣ԼԼɢһɹ͡ׯϢޣƮƮ죬ϸᣬԲ
ĪʯɽϫȻ
ˣʱϫ͵ظоָзһ˿̧ȥžǻһɢһʹ֮Ľ⡣
ѵշĹؼɽʯϣϫһʱƮɳ
ಣ
ȳϫӦ㼴ʯϣסֶ֣ʱ֮䣬ɽȻζһ˯ѹһʹ֮ϢȻӿɢ̫ȾһȻ⡣
ϫԾ֣ǽϣЩĻ˹컨׹ӿХڤ֮䣬裬һϡɬׯз͸ڶ쳹̫ڡ
ԵԵлʦɳţ˵糿ĺİУϫ㱼䣬ƽһ磬һգƽֵϸأǽӿ컨׹䣬һ̬͵ķɽˮ䡢Ϫԣдҵ裬ӺЦפ㣬޲Ȼ⣬ĪϲĪڣգڡ
˵ľУϫ΢¶΢ЦȻӿֳһ˿ʡ
Ȼڸ⣬ֻϫճ̫Բħľżһ㣬ʧԼĻǡ
䣡
һƵؼը漴˾ͺȻ֣ɸߵĸۿɼСС
˵ûȻһз𱦵ԶӰУ
ǿһ˷СУϹҶе𰡡ڤɱСӵ
ȻԹԽҾɱȡǣڣܿ尾˵
ˣ
һȻֻǰһɸߵĸʧʧλãϫһ˫պϣǺЦɢһ˿͵Ϣ
ѵһѸˣ
ôܣڼǧǰѴһôעĸ飿
ӦûһˣԵ޹ʵʧûˣԺԨǻνǱȣ
ԨÿʿмշĸͻȻǰʧ֮࣬ʱһƬ
ôϫ¿ɴ˴Ϫü
СӵҲ̫ˣô˸ԨǸԿľһЦ
ȷǴ˴ûշãһշˣʱͳֿȵıνƥϫ¿Ҳǽüͷ˵
СĿŵԨǵĸҵںεأԹԸҽɣʱһͻȻ̨Ȼ˾ͿռҼӰһΣһĨӰֳ̽Զĳϫץȥ
ֵʱ޹ӣԼҼХѧҲͬʱȻ֡
һ˲䣬λʿ˻ûӦ֮ʹ˷ϫȥ


149 
䣡
ĵӰһ֣Ӱӹ֮նزƣǵѾǿһ൱µĵز
λĴͻȻ֣ڳ˵ϣ˭û뵽ǣȻ˵ʧ̬棬һ𳯳ϫ֣
˵Ӱǿ磬ױȣ˱㼴̨Ԥı
˽Ϊ˿̺Ȼ֣ϱĿֲϢһϯ̨µֻһϣʱƷ˳ȥֱ͸ɨҶһݿࡣ
ԶĿЦĳϫֻһɼΣյĸоӿͷëȻ͵شǹͼֵľѹȻͿӰſֲ֮ϢԼӶӿϢеһ޷ѵĿֲѹ
ô£ôӱ̫ˣϫûףԺбյ״һϽ㿪ĸһǿߣ˸ܷŹ㣿
ʮ֮һɲǣϫʱԼĴɫʱüΪѿ˴ĸǿԼĹֻʿӵеĿֲѹ˷ѹоԼеһݣȫתԼΪǿֿǿֲѹڷߣǲܵ顣
Ǿľ޴졣
³ϫսٳɫٸߣӵеͨɱͥʿǽʿߣԱ߳󾳽ʿСļֱϣһ
οǰĸʿһ֣ĸָһѹһֻϣأ
ǳϫһθооԼʵ˲㣬оһֱľ
ϫΣˣ
Ϫ۾ľɫŤͫҧ촽һĻ̫죬ǸͷӦҲȡκεжΨսУӹһ˿ܿ⣬ϫԹ޲úڸУһĻǼ⡣
ɣϫͷŽߵĳϫͷӿ޷Ƶɱ⣬ĵıŭʹ޲̽ǵĳࡣ
ռҼ졢޹ӣԼҼХѧҼסˣҲҪᣡϫһ˿֮ɫҪԱȫΪɱһһ
Σֵʱ̣ϫֻǰһѶദһӰûϳ˭飡飡飡飡װı֮󣬴汼ϮˣȻһӣȫ˳ʮ⣬κòǱ
˻
ͻһĻֱͬƽһʱڳ˶һ𣬲㲻Լ۾λʿһ׵ؾͱ߽
һ̣ϫҲ˭һϮִۣȣſȻƽڵˣһλǳԵڤʿ
ȻˣֲһƵ˵ļлأ
Ҳ˵ƽһλӲڤˣòǰλǰɣ
ԭڤˣ
سֵˣȻƽڼµڤڳ˵жʱһ˿̾ηĽ֮ɫ
졢ӡХλԣĳ֣ȴǾָ֮࣬еһŭ
ۼɱϫᵽȴɱһڤˣܺܣ
ʦ𣡡껷˹
ǱбֲһԿţҴšȣºһЦ
š껵ͷϫߣʵ磬û°ɣ
ϫҡҡͷˣĿкԼĳޡ˼ʱȣͱ˱ƵԱΪ͸һ⣬ŭʵ飬ȫǻĳޣѰԾʵǿһҪĸ޳֮Ķɱ
ʦ˾Ȼǳϫܵܵʦ𣿹ֲûء
˼ڳ˶ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫһϫĵܵܣȻݽһλڤʿ£Ǻƽڵƽͬһˣ
ʦ塣Ϊ֤еĲ²⣬ӵ̨ƮӶ£ǰֿ껣ЦǱ֮ҴΪ洫ӣǲˣѾҵСʦඣ
껼ʦ֡ҲΪɣе
ãããʦֵļһƽ׼Ʒ׽ЦţóһɢŨͻ֮ɫɽݸ껡
ߣƽںֶΣ£ϫĵܵܣڼӵõ˳ϫϵΪڳλͬԶЦڵ
ǣǸԨĹ֮ȴƽڶռҵȿɾӦ޹ƽҲ͵
ҲӦԼҼХѧͬʱڵ
һ˲䣬ļһͬʱƽڣնʱš
̨Թ۵жʱҲӿͷ˵ƣѡԹۡȷǣҲԸŸƽС
رԵߵ֮ǧʱ䣬ôշȴ̬ԴСĿŵǿҶǺҡȣм˵
ߣҵȳߣ̱֣֮ôԴСˣ˵ˣΪȴΪҵȣҲôգСӱ뽻ԨǸ·ͬӦ
أһЦһ˿â
ǾͱҵȲˣЦ˼ɵˣɲ¡СӲҪҪΪռȥ˵ˣƽҲԸռҡԼҡ޹ѧսɣ
вңЦⲻˣŵϷһ˿ɱ
ⲻвǳϫԨӵܣҲƽں޹ϸ𣬼Ȼˣ˺αΪһǿԳͷأ
ޱ˵ҵҪҲһҪΪУԨǸȫһԲߣƽأڳ⿴һĻ
ǺֶΣҪҵȣƽʩѹ̨ϣһòǵĺҶżΪ˱ȻұϫСշӦùУν汦Ե֮ҵȿǿı顣
ˣǶżҼԨ
μҲôΪġμҼĳ˵
ҶľҲֵֶ֧ľҼľƿҲڵ
żҡμҡľҼƶʱٴһ䣬ƽһγ˶Կļҵľơ
һĻڳ޲һͷˮͷתҲǰȲѣϫһﲻһʿõ˶
ֻгϫԼף϶ǶϪ˷ãӶӰǱ̬ȣ뵽⣬̧һȻϪľڳԼ֣΢΢һЦһů⡣
ߣȲӵȴռȥ˵꣡
ʱһ̶Ĵȴ漴˾ͿһѪƴԶһ磬ݿߣӰ̤£һνݣÿһжһ˿ҵĲӿɢıŰϢϴѹȶ£ڳ˶ɫһ䡣


150 
ռ棬Ӧգ
ȻϹֲϢ˰Ե˵ǧǰչزڤ֮˴γ֣ĪѾһλڤˣ
ºˣռҵ涼ˣϫڽˡ
ȷǰḡֻΪ˱𣬳ϫվǸʿռϣ˭Ҳ
ۿڳһ֮࣬ʼϫˡ
ӭ棬ϲڤɾط࣡칪ĿһƳˣɰЦѡ
Ԩǣ˵ʿ۷֮λôڤˣǳȻĴڣ˴šѧУҲֻȼҲӵڤķĿֲ
쿴ĳǡôڳռҵĵ̺ǣסˣٲΪνһ˫á
ΪҪǣռҪķΪڳϫɱռͥʿһǽʿ֮ʵѱһСأҽڸڣǲռһľӵȫͣνԪˣѾ죬
⻼£ռҳһλڤˣɾʱҪûռң͵õһλڤ˵ĺ
ڤ
£ڳһɫɲ
Сӣ׷ǹʣĪҪΪǱ˴˵ĺռ渦һ֣㼴Ŀˣ˵
ߣսڤ֮͸ǰҫߵڳ˶࣬˼޹ھɱ㡣
Ӧɫһǰҵȷɵ㼸֣ѽڤ֮һ֮ı;ԡ
Ϊı
һȻӻѪѼʮö׶ɣ
ӦЦ벻Ҳ֪ռѾʮ׶ȫ۳һǰĴڣ㻹Ĵ𣿡
ԣڳҲɫһ䣬𾪲ѡ
ףʲôǰϫü
׼Ʒӵ˽ǱʵķͽаҪѰȫΪ˵һڤˣɣǧʱƣҲ첻׷ɿ͵
ϫʱˣҲֲռ˵ʮ㣬ӵһ˵սڤȷѾ߱ս
нķĽףÿһַƷƷƷƷĸȼ׼ƷѾ֮ǿĴڣӦӵаȷ֮
úÿһ¡ĬӦ΢΢һЦΪһʿֵ𣿡
Ϊ㣿˵㻹ǿЦӵһ;޵𣿡
ӦɫʱѿҺ֪άСӣΪʲô
Ϊ
˵꣬һϵͻȻؼ𣬡Ϊұֵܣ𣿡
һ»۵˲һ㣬ٿȻӦǰžžžʮĶӦϣնʱú
һĻΧ޲Ŀɿڴһλڤʿ˿ʮ¶⣬Ȼ޷֮
죡
⣬ⲻİɣ
һĻ֮𺳣˻ʿ˲ͲԼ۾
ڳ֮УֻгϫɫΪ֪Լλӵʵ
ƽڵ̫ϳϣ˵ʦƽٵɾʿ⣡
ɱ㣬ȥֳϣվͷŹ㡣һӣƵİӦն˳ȥӰһΣϫǰЦϸˣֵܾί
ϫҡͷЦίڣֻǸоԼʵ̫Ҫϸǹⲻȥ
ӻ֣ʲôһ˲˵һ
ӣݼʦ棡
ݼʦ𣡡
ô˻ᣬƽƽӺǰ񣬹֮
һĻڳ׻ױסˣλ»ҷߣȻƽƽ̵ʦ棿˵ʦ
⻹ʲô޷ܵǣ֮Ȼǳϫֳ˵ƽӶҪһʦ棬Ҳþһʦ壿
ڳ˵ӳˣһ۾ģľ
һصĺľ󡢶Ϫ˽Ŀ࣬ʶϫһ
ôܣôƽ̫ϳϵֵܣսɫˢףԭǵȴӦճɹ³ϫðٰĥϫʱʵȴǸһΪпЦ
ѱŭûʹȥռ棬սе֧·Ҫһ㣬ʵ޷ţΪʲôǰּϣ񾹻ᷢ˱仯ǵΪͻͽƽڵ̫ϳϽΪֵܡ
ôԸţʵʵΪκ˵ĲԸŶ˿ı䡣
ĸ죬ҲѶãй֮޲ԭϣԼ³ϫΪȥ˱ģ뵽汻ȶȵ˹ȥеϣʱԤԴԺԼռҿԨ̧ͷˡ
ݼ̫ϳϣڳڵӣ䡢塢껵ǧˣҲγһ㣬Ȼڵأ뻮һ
ĿһɨܣȻߵģҵĽֵܳϫԺ˭ǵұ⣬ǿɾͱҲˣ
ˢ
ڳеĿˢˢڳϫϣÿ˵϶¶֮ɫƽԨϽĵһƽڵ̫ϳϣֵܵˣԺ˭ҵ
һ̣е𾪣Ұռˣǰֶı⣬Ҳһпһ˱˾ην죬ǰһвڹ
ϵܣߣڰһɽ壬һȥһЦϫĸ첲̤նȥʼնûڳκˣڱУҲֻгϫһ˲ֵ˶Դ
벻һĿɽȻһλƽٵɣҪؾ͸ѶȲһĴ󰡣ˣȸӴһ£ɱ֮֮ززԶӰУص
СӸƽˣǸô֮ӴڤֻɤЩɣϫĿɽ֮е岻ѣ˷ͷ
ȣҾͲһӻƽڲҧгݵϵĳͷԸȥһλƽٵɡ
ԼǣǾԨס°ɣǵʮ꣬ҲһҪ֣ἰϡ֣ڤһЩĺ棬̲ס˸ףòȴԼĿµĥ

ˣԨһǱȽˣΪĺճ֣״˸ϫϵĸ˼ҲӲ֤ƽڹȻǴŵɼǿߣһ˵
һ죬̫ͬ飬Уһ˵ӰӣǾǳϫһɱռҾʮλռҾӵܣʮλİʿշƽ̫ϳϽ
ƧƵ̳߳꣬һҫ۵ǳڽų޾â죬޷
Ԥδϫֺ¼עԨǣϽ磡


151 ķ
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ϫֻо¡֮䣬һ˹ããǰľɫŤһûӦʱ㼴һɽ֮ϡ
ѵǿռŲ֮ϫĿһɨȺ壬ɴһȻѾƽڵɽڣҪ֪Ӹɽ֮ңֻȥ˼ͷԾ˽֮أ
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֮ƽٵܹʩչΪɾʿ֮ڵԪ𽥳תҲֻķ
ϵܣ㿴ΪѡɽΣһָ±ߵɽ壬Ц
Ҳɽ֮Ѿҵˡϫ̧һͿ˷ͨģ罣ֱɽ޽̻Ի̨ͣͤ¥ï񣬴ո¡
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ʿֶΣɽժǶ£Ϊ棬ӵֳͨ챾죬Ҳˣ˲Żִʵһ죬ֱϡЦ˵ʱ䵽ɽߴĹ֮ǰ
ʱӭ˳񣬡μ̫ʦ棬μϫ̫ʦ档
ЩƽڵŵӣȲ洫ӣֱŵӸ߳һ쾳Ϊѽϸ֮ˡ
ⰲǷ̳ϫճӵģϾټɽϣҩҡҡҪЩŵӴЩ飬ϫֻ谲ˣᱻһЩм˷ѵʱ䡣
ôԼдмԼ䶼󣬳ϫп֮࣬ͳˣһԼָڵСԻѸַԵһɶЩӸѹεĴû㣬ʱ֪ʲôˣüͷһ壬мΡ
ϳɾῴϫ룬һӣÿӶһƿʵõȺú÷ֵܣԺĺôǣͿǵıˡ
ӽ̫ʦ̻壡Щӽɫһϲ
ϵܣ㿴ɽ壬ȱЩʲôӻ֣ЩӶɢȥͳϫĹС
Ѿ㹻ˣһȴأİţѾܳϫЦȷ˵Ļһ;׷Ѱǵٴͬ٣عңȣһжṇֵ̀һɹ
գϵɴԣɾʹҲ⡣Цˣ˷պǱ֮أ㻹Ǹ˷ְɡ
֣ϫ룬خͷǰͬ˵һ仰رġͽķɡ
ģرģ֣ǶԴ˼идȻ죬Ī⣬ұʿһȴ·;ؾħϣΪʧģɵ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
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ϫһԼסҡҡҡҩ޹㼴صķϴӵʮŵټ
ʮŵŮռʮϸһΪĴԲǻ
ϸˣһӢ꣬һǸ˼ɾĽɫжһһòׯŮӣֹ浾죬ˣҲΪף
һպķͽǴˣǴ֮࣬޿ĪԼĵ̡
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ʮŮӸɨҡҩݵˡ
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ãֻҪķֲһὨƽǣƸΪ洫ӣĵҲǲܡǷһЩˡĴһһǣϫ
ν޹زɷԲ̫ɢ̫¶ˣǳϫԸ⿴ġףԼƽڵĵλΪ⣬νȫűƣϸƽӶҪԼ֣úԼЩӣ˵ƺΪء
ϫᲢʩͷڳ޲һݣ
ϫ˻֣ɢȥ߽ԼľңһһС
ְ˲㣬ͨ徻ɢһƮϢȴųһԡ
Ǹһ𻵣
շʱ򣬳ϫѾףǷ˹󾳡Ǿ̫Ĳ㣬ǰ˲㡣ڰ˹֮£Ĳ㡣ÿһ㶼һĿռ䣬ÿһռ䶼һС磬ڸڲμǱʱķΧҪ󣬻Ҫޱߡ
˵շ˴ȫ޸֮ǰϫղʹ÷ܹģҲֻǰһЩƷڣȻȡƵġ
ȻڵĿռҪκδ﷨װﳤĺɽ壬ȫصĿռ䲻á
ҴսϸռڣԱȴָһıǿǳϫɱ˭ҲòڵĶ
ף֪ʲô޸ôϫüһﱦãоԼڱ˵ȥ»ᱻЦ
֪ѳ˾˫ĴʦˡЦڰգű̽ϫȻǸտӣҳɣ
𣡡׿غһƺҲҪһ
֣˵ءϫεƳԻһۣҡͷʱû޸ˣҲֻܵ﷨ˡ
ΪҪôż޸ѵΪҲò˰ֻӵһ˿֮ƽٵɣǿʩչһҪȫǴﵽɾ硣
һˣϫһĶͷ⵹ȷǸ⡣˵⣬ʧȥоȤתʼβμǱȵսƷˡ

һѵĴ﷨ѳСɽЩдлСѹεģɱռҾʮӵܵõģдʮħϵõġ飬һһʮ֮࣡
ۣˣˣܳԶðһ˽﷨Ҹر۾׿ҲģСɽõȥ
ϫһͷǹɾ޴ջжʱ䣬ʧӰ١
գϫһҧԻȶ˸ڣŸҴ򿪸ִ﷨սƷû취Իڣ˵ͱĳñ׳˻ãܹ׿˵ĻӴ򹷣ȥ޻أ


152 ɽ
һʱ䣬ϫеĴ﷨ݱƵĸֱɵһ
Һİ
ƽƷʮƷʮ߼ƷʮһƷż
ĸֹʮֵҩʮƿһЩġʯܣ飬ֱʤ
콵ƣ޺ƲҹݲʣİҺ㹻ԼͥˣϫɰԸпĿЩѹεĻƽ׷ϣҴһüͷһ壬ΪЩƽ׷У඼һЩӡһŷƷķɽֻƷķɽǲֻһ
ԼҪջϲһ˰ϫ̾˿İ˱ڤɽʮƽƷɽħչյѪӤȫһգۼֵҪЩѹεĻƽ׷֮ϣ
ǰ˱ڤɽǴڤеõһ׻ƽ׼ƷޱȣʧޱȣԭϣܴЩѹεķлһЩϲأȴ뵽ЩвֻƽƷɽһƷɽ
񣬳ϫǿɱгǶӡη⽣ȻҪη⽣ȫȴҪʮıɽʩչƷ׻ܵڻƽƷһͲò¹򲹳һЩɽˡ
Ȼ᰺׻ƽƷɽһʮѾ٣һʮıȴǸܵܳģҲԼʹá
ҺãбֵܼΪɹۣһҺʮıƽ׼ƷɽҲǴ´ࡣ

ϫһӣѵϱս˸ڣûԥʼ˹
εǱȣջ࣬ҲԼʵ׵ɱѰϸʿܻͥʿԴǽ𵤾ʿѣһʿͺм֮
һ뵽֮ǰĸʿΧʱһĻ־ζϫʵڲڶˡ
ңľƽڣ̵ȫǱƣһʧȥرԨеĴʱֱ᧿Σ
ֻΪռҡԼҡ޹ѧĸңΪҪ϶һ˶Ѳѵ
ƥϫ仰֪νޱȣɣҲȾָ˼ĻԼ޷ǽ
ԣΪ˱ǱסŬʵǵ֮
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ϫϵҺνǼҵ׷֮ȫõĳɸΪ֮ľȳ档
һҺҺϤԪӿϸϵţˢţţϫʵҲۿɼٶһڽʸߡ
ɽʱϫпҺһͻͥ硣ԭܼ򵥣֮ġԼĸ򣬶ѳΪķ룬֮Ѿǽ𵤾ʿʿƾأԳϫԣֻ㹻Ԫһ·߸ͽ
ƾףףǿꡢģĻ۵㹻زټȡҺ벻׶ѡ
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ϸ͵һˣڴϿգȻٴζһ貵ԪǳϸǾ磡
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׾ãⲿϧϫϸҪѰϸʿҪ㡢񣬻۵ԪҲǾ£絽£ĵҺȻѰϸʿ֮࣬ҲմΣϫĵѱúʵޱȣԺ֮·Ҳ̹֮
Ͼϸǵ춨޵Խպȡõĳɾ;ԽƿصҲ֮ˮǴߣۺޱȡ

ϸ֮󣬳ϫû˿ͣʱ䣬һУ˳
Ҳ֪˶ãϫشѹ۾һɲǣһĨ֮ĹâȻ

ϫһ£һƥžһʮǽ϶һ
ϸԲ
ϫվӣ˵ƮȻһ紵Ҫ𻯷һͨ͸ɷǡ
ϸ˶ʮҺϸʮҺϸһҺʩչη⽣Ļʩչʮζû⣬ǲʩչǶӡҲƵսµˮ󣡡ϫϸӿİص˵ͷ
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ϫһŶͿһϮȹѵ쵭ţס
Ŷұչضˣϫʵ
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һ£ϫٴһû뵽һȻȥһˡνɽ޼ӣ֪꣬ˡ
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չصʱѾһΣѾǵˡæСܸϣɿش
˵ʱ˱С
˿̵ķУˡżҼԨμҼĳ壬ľҼľƿգг껡Ϫءľ
ԱŮӶ˲赹ˮɹټԵÿռ壬͸һ


153 ħ
ķ
ݼ̫ʦ棡ϫŮӽԹ̬޲֮
һķ֮ƽڿνǺ䶯֮˳ϫǳƽеӡֵ̽Ż⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ϫ̫ϳϱ׿϶ԼĽֵܣƽ֮ݣ˸е𾪺ͺ档
ټϳϫϸΪɱռͥʿһǽʿڸһ֮ռҵˮʮصʿշһ漣ĻԻ¼쳹ԨǣϽн磬˭СƫԶ̳߳ꣿ
ҲˣͶʮŵڷ̳ϫʱû˸Ϊٶһ֡
°ɡϫӻ֣ЩӳȥŽĿˡԨĳ塢ľƿաϪһɨЦϫλǰȻֳϪ˺͵ܵܳ껵ͷ
ϫ֮Լʺã˺λ԰˿а޳ϫƽ⡣
ղżЩŵӳƺϫ̫ʦ棬֮࣬ҲЩΣϾϫѸ֮ͬˣƺÿ˶ʱϫĻǡǵΡ
ϫ˵ȴӦУϾô˵ϫҲƽ̫ϳϱĽֵܣְ˭޷ı䡣
ԣ˼ȥȴֲ֪γϫˡ
Ҳǣڳ˵˴ˣɻͷһϫĴڣһʱתҲġ
λǰǸģǽҳϫͿˣȻҵܵܿҲýһʦˣǿɾȫˡϫЦ
ãҾһ󣬽ϫҲĪǰǡºЦųϫзһĨ֮ɫ
ǣǸģáԨλҲ׷ЦԴ֮䣬Գϫ̬Ҳࡣ
ιСӺܻ°ƽ۽ǵýһ壿ľø첲ײһأ
˵õĸģ㻹ƽʲôϫռˣóһʦ棬ϾӿǱ˻һأصһۣش
һڵպܿ
Ϊڸʱֵİʿʮصİʿһ飬Įĳʿһƫƫȴ鲻ǵκƾճֵһʱԨǸľ衣
ʮصʿԲڳϫУ˲ŻϣܴӳϫõһЩ
ЩصİʿϫʱһһѶһöƴСơ
Ʊڱ䣬̻һ乳ѪͼһѴѪԵɭޱȡ
ɱʮʿչյĴ﷨еõģҿáϫƵݸˡ
Ѫɫ¡Һ˵ϸƬ̣ü
ѪħڣһԵĶԨʲôɫȻһ䣬ʧг
ôܣǧǰѪħڲǱ𣿡
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λȨصļʧ̬ɫ䣬ڵնʱޱȣ˵Ҳ֮ѹ
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ӦûдѪü٣ֻѪħڵĳϲƳУ˳ڣɫҲЩصʿѪħڵɣ
ѪħھнȷѪ꣬ɱҵʿҪ׳֮£ҸȼнֽһΣˡԨ͵վӣУ¸ϵشҵȻһˣλĳиˡ
˵ţͷҲص뿪ɫҴңԼŮ˲ôϣɼص˺ֵز
漴ĳͶľƿҲҲס뿪һĻϫҲûɸеһ˿أѪħѵ˿ֲ
˵ĻԼɱʮλӣֶȥеľշ˵ѾװѪħڵˣԺѪħڵʿسн磬ԼҲеһŵˡ
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ʦʲôµģˮڣ˵ÿӢ۱֮ʱҵʿԣⷴĥԼһնħ񲻿գɫᶨ޾η¶һ˿˷ܡ
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ϫɰ࣬һӵʮλɾǿʿһ붼Ĳѡ
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Ȼ·;һ룬ϫ͵زһ˿ףǿϯ˲ɨǧ֮أʱͷһٿɵӰ
һϮۣڸסȫƮٶȴǼ죬뱦ĺߣ׷Լˡ
Լƽڳͱһﶢˡϫһ˼㼴ף˿϶ƽǱãΪľǵȴԼĳ֣
һ﾿˭
ԼҪͼıʲô
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֮һεΡɽȻǺ˵ʶѹȥǳϫ깥֮


154 껵ķŭ
ǳϫڤɽлã¾һĪ깥֮
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¾Ҫ򼫸ߣ֮ﵽʶ磬ʩչ
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ȻûӦʶضһ޴ɽݺ£һʹȻӿȫʶҲһ˿ģǿԿס壬һͷײǽϡ
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ֵ֯ɫ糣ڤɨӰ죬Ҳûһɵټжʱһǽ𵤾磬ҪңʿѵСи˱
Ҳ˲¼ɣϾ깥̫֮ѹû뵽ϫǵ깥֮֮֮ҲǺѷɫ
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һ̣λĬõ߾һˣ죬ڳжƵһãоһΡɽ޷޷Խ


157 Ϊ
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ѵ޹˶¾һˣпһԶˣаԾ費ѡ
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162 
عﲩӵĺϽԭƬ֮ң֪ж̾УʿǱڴˣΪͳߣʸƵϣȨ졣
ֻϽһƽڵ̫ϳϣۼλȴʵǧ֮һ˿˾˵ţ֮𾪾Ϳ֪ˣУ˵˲øߴޱȣޱߡ
ʱö򽻸ڱʱһ򣬵˹ȥ
ҵæ˫ֽӹСķ봢﷨УЦѷģ¾ͽĳˡ֪ѻбķԸ𣿡
룬ٴһöƣݸ˱⣬ҵ㣬ǳϫ鷳׼ҡ

ٴһԺиһ˵еĹ磬Ǹ֮ۻ׳֮һƬӵ棬ǿߵط
ѹʱʧͷƣͨӨѩϼתУһɫġס֣һ֣ݺ罣
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ϫԻ𺣣գӿһĨŨŨıˣүүڰˣ𣿿ǡȴҲˡ
ȼգЩ˻ȴصͳʧÿռţֻ淭ĺХ
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Хͽ֪δ֪˿־ģλԨǺ绽ĴҲζʲôл̻̲գʲôԲ

һгϫ֪ѾͱصƽڣصԼķϡ
磬˵ģǰ޹ռң껴ӳϫеõϢ𾪵°Ͷ
ģʲôʱƭ㡣ϫ˵ǳ껣ĿһУҲ㲻Լ۾
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үү飬һĻҲԺЦȪˡ
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ڻɰ̵ݣ㵽򣬼ҾͻһеģȻҲҲҪҪǣкܶҲӦ֪ˣ㸸׵ġ
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ϧѰ£Ҳδҵͨ·ֱһ˵Ҫҵȵ컹ѡ̾Ϣѡ
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ȺǴ̫ս֮󣬲ϣ򣿡ϫѡϣüء
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ھУϫٲʱ䣬˹һˣһ׼Ŀ꣬ͻԥȥִУȥжˮ

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ȥʱϫŸоͨ͸пݾʱ̾ýŤͷһȴƮƶˣüۺЦ
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žŰʮһٴܻСƾǧʮһСƣÿС仯⻹ֻǡ㽣ߴ󽣵ı仯ĻֱǸְ
ϫҴһʱ˱˵Ļȷⲿؽȷ̫ˣƵǺ纣óݣ¸޷ɹ
ɹ񣬲һ֪ϫȻûз֣֪Ѿȫⲿؽˡ


165 
磬Ƽ֮ĩʱƣʱѺɽݿ࣬۱仯ܳߡ
֮ϣƺ֮Уϫһ˼ʱ㽣ȥߴ󽣵
ǬߣҲǬĽƸԶ񷸲ǣ졣
ߣҲأӡ
ߣˮҲ罭ƺ紨
ߣҲ뽣񱩣ҰԵ
ߣҲ𽣵籼ף޼᲻ݡ
ߣɽҲ޽ɽΡۻ롣
ߣҲҽճ
ߴ󽣵롰㽣һǱ仯ܣ纣иã̺ذ塣
ڳϫУҪͨⲿݣ򣬻Ҫաءɽˮ𡢷硢ֵ⡣
Уˮ𡢷硢ֵ⣬ϫգص⡢ɽֻСдҲһˮдҲͬա
ֵ֮ܶ⣬ֻյǳϫʱûƿصģֶȻġҲˣŻؽ䡷ʺϳϫҲʩˡ
ֻǽ򣬶ȥϾؽ̫ѣ϶֪ⲿȴûȥΪΣֻһ֡ѣ
ʿȻ׷Ҫö࣬޷ɣͬ٣гһҲԪݽ߶䡣Ҳˣ˭Ҳ˷ѴʱȥһɹĽ
Ǿ˵ĹʶɹҲǷëǵĴڣǧпҲûһ
ϫȴȥڽ棬Ҳǲаһַĵĳ嶯Ϊĵϲûбԭ
ңԼԼãԼܰؽɹķΪҲ޷洦
ʾذ壬Ϊ档ؽ䣬ݵǽγذ壿
ڽ׽֮ǰѡؽ䡷ɹȺǴϻڲ֮ˡ
ϫ˼ã㿪ʼӡ㽣
ʶУӴ֮ת޾ı仯УҪģǰ㽣б仯ݳȻġ
һ֮Ḷ́ǰǳеĹ켣μǣ۸֮֮ķѪ
ҺãϫʵޱȵķΪǷĵҪؽ䣬Ҳÿ
ϫ֮УȻʱ֮ţҹҹķ֮ϣҡԲȣһܵĵ
ʱ䣬ķҲǲ죬ʮŮŵӣæģְԵþ
ϫ֮ǳϽн磬ʮƽŵӣҲǸеɣԺޱȡ
ңڳϫ̫ϳϱύֵܣڰ䷢ķԼָһķ񣬵ǵ洫ӣǳ϶۲ѡҲֻĽĽһĲͼʣû취˭Լ̫ϳǳϫĴأ
ֵһǣռ֮ԭµռҳȴͻأʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥǻ˵ǱҺˣ˵ȥˣ˵硣ʱţҲҰûἰ
Ӿعȥתǹȥһˡ
һ죬ѩ׷ɣһƬããһ磬ķ壬ȴϫ屻ѩ𣬶ģˡ
һֱһҲڱչأѪϫΣȴûϫȴҲڱչء
ţҸȥ꿪ʼûڱߣ͵
ȥꣿһѵһֱڲؽ䣿ɫһҴϫǰȻͷ֣ϫϢݷͲôֻһֿܣؽأ
ǡô˵أüͷһ뷢ŭȴЦ̾Ϣ֪ˣҾͲðؽ
ؽ䣿ԭˣϵһĽɹ껻ȻԼʦ˵ⲿѶȡ
ˣϣ֪ѶãȻǿɴ˷ʱ䡣ҡҡͷת뿪
֪ѶˣҵϣɹţҲúúŬˣЩͻ̳ǣؽ¼ңοүү֮顣һҲ漴뿪
һ꺮ϫѾ֮ˣȴûһѵĺۼ
޿֮࣬ͻɽۿһ磬֣ɫԽԽ԰ףҲȥŨܵĳѾӵ˵ϣ֮
ĻҲΪϫѪĹ࣬пǼΪģ˱Ԫ˵߻ħ˵ĻһΪȫˡ
ڼ䣬⡢ˡӣԼϪľصˣҲ̽ϫ֪ϫһֱڲؽ䣬Ҳ̾Ϣѡ
޿ɷϣϫʳףʵҲǿ֮˿Ҫѡؽ䡷ɹϣãϫΪѱţǼ⣬˷Լʱ䣬ֺá
أƽڶ֪˳ϫؽ䡷飬֮֮̾ȴɣû˭ΪܳɹѴµһ翴һţȴѸɣ˶̾Ϣ
ꡣ
ꡣ
ʱſݼŲĳϫҲ̲סеĵǣ㻽Ѹ磬ΪоϢ΢֮Ҫݽߣȥɡ
ţ͵׼жʱ͵ط֣ϫǶһ£ǵϸȥʱȴԾǿݼŲģ
ѵҵĻþڳɻ֮ʣ͵ؿԼĸ۾۾Ѫ˿ͨһƬ쳣
磬ˣ껲
ϫȴûվӣѿݵͣպѸȥҲ̶á

ϫʼתʱеѪ˿ɿʧƤĤɱʧȡ֮ǾӨ⻬ʯĹ󣬶գҲ»ָ֮ǰ忡ģ
ֻһ˲䣬ϫˣƮȻɿۣٲ֮ǰģ
磬;֪ˣؽҲա껵ǵ
ϫһҲ˵ָΪһ̶
һָû̺һ˿ԪڳУȴΧںһ𣬿Ʈ죬ĥԼκα仯ӲһָĹ֮һ˸е
ڤڤǡǬ
׳ڽЩǰĺȻҪıԵԸһָ־ܣ
úã껴һָͬΪһʱһɺƺƵΡϢָӿһǰĪУֱϫӭָײȥ
ϫ΢΢һЦָһΣʱûһӣ׳ɰѳ껵һ֮С
ĪˮĪ֮ʤ
һܴ죬еִָ֣Ľƾ׫дʷĽ£ᣬƳڣʥַ
ϫЦЦָٶҽ뽣𽣵޽ʹ޲һоͻ˵ܵܳ껵Ĺƣƾ˫
ˣˡ˿Ҳ䣬һ죬һᳬġ
ҵţϫԽЦԽԽ֮䣬͸һĻ䡢ζ
꣬ʳŻѪּգᣬ˵Ҳ


166 
磬ɹˣ껾ϲʵڸղżʶϫĽ֮󣬾ԼĸѾؽɹֻ־ϲ̫ͻȻͻȻһʱš
ȷؽ䡷㣬ҲһǧɹߣǽƽڣҲûһɹϫ꣬Ȼɹȷһŵ顣
ֻ˵СɣȫջкԶ·Ҫߡϫ̾Ϣˡؽ䡷˴Ƶб仯ȴĶϸҲֻžɻңԶ
Ϊ⡰Ǭҽ㽣뽣𽣵޽໥Գһ壬Ǳ˴˼ϵ仰˵˴ֻǻϫҪģǰ˴໥ںϣӶΪĽơ
ɽġ޽ʹ󽣵ġҽ໥ںϣγɡ޶ҡɽݣһһһһ棬֮ʹã뱩һ
ġ㽣ʹġ뽣γɵġ뽣໥ںϣƣ𷴹ƣ
ֽ֮ܶ໥ںϣֻµĽںϵԽ࣬仯Խ࣬ѭݻ޾
Ҫֽ໥ںϣݣԳϫڵ޷Ǭ͡һ죬һǵأȻ෴񡰿͡һˮһˮݣ߼ˣҪڻ̸ͨף
СɾǳյĻǻ˵ãһ̾ѡ
ôҪҪҲϫЦ
æҡͷרעһҵĺȻų߳Σﵽ۷ʱҲؽҿɲҪĶ⣬ɡ
ϫҲǿϾؽҲǳžָܵȥ
ϵܣ;֪ˣʱŶݹƿնԶԶϫ֮ϣɾϲ
ϫɿЦܵ˵Ҳ˵ѵ˶ΪԼ飿
ʦ棬ҸɹˣһԽе
ɹˣһ㶣һĴͷ

һ죬ĳϫؽɹϢƽ⣬һʱ֮䣬˶һģ
ΣϢǴ̫ϳﴫģ˭ȥɣοҲڲƭԼµӵܡ
ķ϶ʱ·׷ϫأϪľϢǸҪ֤һα
ֱȥ˺ü죬ֲŽƽϢķع졣
һƬԾУϫ͵ܵܳ裬ֻҪУͻϫ죬д蹦ĵá
磬ʦҸ㣬ٹ£ֵƽͽӣҲȥ񡣡껷²豭˵
ҵƺе㲻װɣϫһ֪ƽͽʱ೤ڳһǿӵʺʵҲԳô˻ᣬԼĵӣϾÿһͽʱЩž޵Լ£ʦҲйⰡ
кβף͵ɢľУ˵ʦ׿ڽ飬Ҳþܾ˵
ϫͷȷˣԼܵƽڵչ˼࣬һƽ̣ܾܾˡ
һ£磬Ҫ̳ǣؽǳһ壡ٴ˵˼ģ˵֮ųϫ³ϫܾ
УΪ˵ǳֹһˣҪǮûǮҪûˣؽ壿ϫԥҡͷ
磬ɽۿУѾ׻ͥˣ껴ڵΪԺɨ̳Ǹ˭ңοұʦ֧֣˭붯ңҲÿǿǵʦ³
˵ʵ飬Ԩǣλɽһ̳ǣֱǸ֮أƧУΪҲϸ磬Գ껵Ϊȷ̳ǿɡ
ο껱һλڤʦ𣬸ƽƽ̵ʦܣ֮ǿѹ̳Ǹû⡣
ǡǮ𣿡ϫԥˡ
磬ѵˣǰ޹ƽʦֿѹɽı֮Ѱĳɽˡʷȫصġѿǵκλڣشɡ
Сϫҡͷؽ壬ɲ򵥣ϵ𴫳С׵ȵ⣬һˣûгɻ飬𴫳һؾ͹ˡ
̸ɻ飬껵ʱһ죬Ǹ磬ʵҸʦͶϣ彨֮վͳɻء
ۣ
ϫһڲˮ˳æѲ豭£Ȼضŵܵܳ껣һ̥Ƶġ
껱еܲˣͦظ˵磬ҽʮˣɻʱ򣬲ʮأ
ʮˡ
һɲǣϫʱһֻĸоǰܵѲǴǰǸҪԼСˣѾԼĿǡ㡢뷨չ᳤յĳӥҪǰХ񷣬ɰ裬ǴůĳѨУ˱
磬Ѿҷֵ̫ѹˣѾˣҲеһЩΰɡһᶨѾʦ˵ҪμȺǴᣬЩٰ죬Ŭȡȡǰʮ̫սǰ򣬴Ӱ̽ĸϢ϶ԣѹһҪģؽ壬Ϊ֮ǡ
ϫĵܵܵļһδ˵
ףѾĬԼвһ󼤶ʮԼڿ԰ˡ

һ磬껱㼴뿪ˣ뿪Ļ䣬һϮѣüĿ续ľŮȷ˵ѾͶϣڳϼؽ֮󣬾ҪΪΪޡ
뿪ӲһӣϾƽһʡΪԣ֮ѡһȴ껹ܣ㰲Ƨһ̳ǣΪƽڵƽ̣ãѾܵļˡ
ϫûȥ͵ܵܣֻɸߵķ壬̳ǵķפԶĬԡ
ʱķɿ죬ת֮䣬ƽʽɽյӵӣѾˡ
Щӣÿ춼дŮڼ˺ͻı£ƽӿ׼μӲԣԾţֱϡ
ǰ̲޹µĴƽԨϽһָĴɧռͷԽԽٶʢټбλɾʿ򣬴˴θһɽյӵϢʱϽнĿ⡣
ǴķϣϫԸоƽڱñеӡϷȥﱸŸˡ
֮Ҳ뿪ʱˡ


167 ݷ
ƽڴ˴οɽյӣʢǰΪƽ̣Ҳչֳڲ֮ǰɽţƷͺɽ֮⣬ȫ˿ţκҪƽڵӵܣǰƽڣհĦ͡
֯Ħࡣ
ʱɽڣϽǳظŮǣڻͼ˵ͬ£ƽڣΪۼʶһƽڵĵ̺ʵΪҪǣô˻ƽڵĳϺ͵ӶӴ죬ʸһЩ飬ԼŮڲԵʱܶܵչˣ
ΪˡӳŮɷģ˭ϣŮܰϽһţӴ˽ۻһɳ죿
ȻЩϽײͨƶҵӣ
Ϊһ·ҪɽҰɳĮΣޱȣвܡˣޣûǿĻûоķзɹԦпڰ·ϾڸΣС
ķɽڽԨ֮ǰǵõϫľҲѱ޹ӵܻˡ
ķ壬סŵľϽľųϫպܴﵽϫĳɾͣͰ彻㣬˭Ҳͬ⣿
诶˵ǸɱԨռһǽʿλͥʿȡǱȵһշĳϫסɽϣպƽڣһҪΪĿ꣬úĸŮڼеĵλȫˡ
Ű裬Ŀˣүүƣʲôˣǳϫֻ꣬ƽ̫ϳϵĽֵܣأֻǰƴСĳǳкΪʲôɪģ
ƽڵϰɽУķһһЩŮڳͻͬ£ϵķ壬ۿɽ˳ϫڶ೤Уѵ߹ԼŮİԵޱȡ
ྲķ壬Ҽ̫ʦ޵ĵطٸڲԵʸͳͳȡ
ǳʮŵӣפķ֮ǰʽͳһ£ŵƣݡ
ЩķĦŮļ˻ǣʱ˵ѻȸ򶭷˵ĿУһ˿ηĽ
Ҽ̫ʦԸλǴϽԶ·;࣬ҵȷɹ𣬲ɾ⣬Цɡ
һԣų΢΢һЦԱߵʮŮӵһ̵¶ܵ޽֮ɫ崺硣
һĻЩķĦȺһпƣǴŵĵ̰
λѣ֪ҵܷݼһ³ϫǰȺУһ׷ԲԵ߿ˣ̬ܲӣ䶼ϫүүˣȴƺϫΪǰƫƫ黹˹ֿ˲ɸоֵֹġ
ڳȴû˭òףнʵΪ𣬸οϫƽ̫ϳϱֵܣһǰҲӦõġ
ǸҼ̫ʦķ壬λݼڲʱҼ̫ʦйȻܹ˵
ԣЩʧܹķһˣҲеˡ
ϫȷķ壬Щӣÿķԭľ׵֮أȴֵĲгûʲôټÿζĽҪݷһλãʥ˶ᷳο
ԣֻʱ˳ȥ

ƽ⡣
һˮ̶ԣϫڲⲿ鼮ΪܶʮͼƽڵĲص¥нģмʮ־󷨵ݡơԼ֮˼
Ҫϰе֮
纣»׷ӣĪ̺Ҫзϰ֣ǲܵ顣ֻҪ֮κη󶼿ܻܻȫµķ
ǿ͹ϵʦˮƽĴСԽǿ򵽵Խ࣬ġķơµķԽǿɱСС顢ɷˡơȵȣܡ
ϫϰ֮Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ҫںϡؽ䡷˴ƣе仯
ȻԽǿԷ֪͸Խ໥ٽ໥á
һԪϼ죬oԪǣ˾̫Ԫ⡣ƣ̾ϫУ꾫׼ٵŸַĵı仯Ȼʱš
ͻȻԶɽ·ϣ͵һܼ涼ڲ
ܿ죬һӴԼʮ˵ı뺷ʿŻѪ¼ɫɱų߼۶Щʿм䣬һƥŵĻңܲơǵٶȼ죬ת֮䣬ٲˮ̶һࡣ
ͣΪһ򢻢Ŀ곯ӻ֣֧ʱͣԵѵأ֮
ιСһǰƽ֮أ꿴ϫҲӸºʵ
ϫͷȴһ̾ķãҲãѰһľĵطܾ
Щ˴˷ƽڻ۶Ůлūͬǰ֧ŰҲǴڣǸ߸ϣָʹϫҲʲô
ȱһ·᰺ǱҹͣЪϢһһɽһۣͷڵӢ꣬ӻ
áȱ򢻢Ŀ꣬Ӧһʼָάش
Сһðɣ⴦ˮ̶᰺ռˡˮ̶ֻʮɷΧϫˮ̶֮ߣʱԵЩˣǶȱϫǰӸ߸ӣѹȺв˵
ϫüͷһ塣
ˣȱߣһкܶ໰Ҫء
Ӣӻֱ֣ˮ̶ߣ峺ˮ̶ϴ˰ϥڵϣӻнӹһյʢɺƵ͸Ʊʹһڣͣ˵Сӣ㣬ʶóϫ
ʮ̸֮ȴ͸һָʹĽϢרԵ
ϫֻоеЦǵͷ
Ŷңǲ紫˵Ӣ۾һٴʵ
ϫҡҡͷ֪
ӢһЦһҲ̫֪ˣ᰺Ƕ˵֣ΪԨ֮ˣôû˵
ϫʵѵҳϫ𣿡
Ҳ޷ǳϫƽ̫ϳϵĽֵܣλȨأ˵˴ƽյʱһѾͨĹϵյڲԣʮɵİͨӢһЦ˵
Ŷ֪ģϫȻʵȷܲ죬ԼͲʶǰСһﰡ
˵˵ӢһЦȴǲ¶ʵ飬ϫˣҲΪ˲μƽڵڲԶ
ϫҡͷǡ
Ӣ̾ϢҲǣ˴ƽڿɽյӣʮ˱ֻһٸ¼ҹһûǮûƣμӲҲͨˣҲ֪֮
¡¡
ʱԶɽ·ϣٴһƬܼĵƻӢһ֮ϡ
Ƭ̺һƺƴĶ鳯߱ʮīޣףĻ࣬мһɱʯɵıĻ죬ʮ㡣
ϻһ͸һΣ˴죬ȪˮƮ죬˵Ҳ徲
ԶԶһһһƬˮ㣬Ҳˮ̶Աߡ
ңߣҾ֪ǿ϶ҲġӢ̧һɨ㼴һߣǶ³ֵ֧ʶˡ


168 Сʹ
֧󵽵Ķ鸦һͣ£ΪһĿһɨܣüͷһ壬ſ»ƵıǰֵС㣬ǶҵˣҪҪǰУ
Ļƿһɷﻪ۵Ů
ŮԼʮӣһžĹüԶɽƵᣬӣһ򣬹һŵĻȣƤ۹⻬ˮīĳ֧¶һѩ׵Ķ쾱ţˮɢһɾĶǵϢ
ıȴǹ°壬һɾǧ֮ıоһɽˡ
߻Ůͬ䣬߰
Ůһ֣ɢȻϢʱڳ˶ֹͣ˽̸Ŀֱ¶һ˿˿ĳ̰
ϫҲòϣŮȷǸӣٹ꣬˵ͳɳΪ񼶵ء
ˮ̶ֲǶ֮ڴϢǾͲϢˣӪկղƽڵڲԣǾϢһ󡣡Ů˵䣬ˮ˴졣
ǡ걧ȭָʿ˲ˮ̶һռˣΪռ䣬͸ĶһĦҩζʮ㡣
٣ҵ˭ԭҵĶСʫԵǧᣬȥףأԵԵʲôӢվӣ̧°ͣЦ˵
飬ص㣬ҲҪס˵ġʫ
Ϊ㲻ɣ鲪ȻŭҳƽڵӣҿӦӦҵĻ£ʱٺú㡣
Ǻ
ʫһѶദһѺĳңңһָ飬ȴ첻ԡ
ˣʫߵĻǳ鵶ʣһһԲϾͺȻֵļơ
ߵĻҲһ࣬ңңšһ˲䣬ձýţܿ
λ⸽ƽڵĵˣǣ˫˴˶ൣһЩͻలáϫεվӣҡͷ̾Ϣ
λãǡ˶ŵ룬Ҫ۾жۣ˵ҲͿƽڵĵɱĻ̫Բ𱱺չˡ
ǣղŸ˵仰͸үˣ͸ҽѵүˣϽҲˣüм
ʫҲע⵽˳ϫϫĻǷĴǻһĨ߰мĻȣû˵̬ȷʵ¶š
̫ԲļһˣΪ˲ԼעҪҲǴڣΪмֱǿЦ
ȷϫƮȻѰ˭
㣬㿴
죬Ǹ·Ҫٹ¡
֪ʱԶٴˣһݸ㡢Ӣߴ꣬һŮӣŮӣһҹǳ䣬̴ˮ͸һ
ķɣ
ϫĿһɨ˲ϳԽܣǰԨһżԽʶھ¥ʱͷݺݽѵһлСлսҰѽŽ˶żУ겻ԽǴ䣬ٲǵɬŮˡ
㣬㿴ǡķɶʱҲȺеĳϫһ㶣˷ܽг
̧һȻһҪʱϫ˹ЦôҲܵˣ
ңҺ͵ܵҲƽڡ˵ţԾͷǲԳϫ۾
ϫȻĪڶż𣿻ǿǣ
ǡķæҽ˵ƽĻ
죡̧ͷ˵ܵһۣһκϼƵġ
촩Ŷȹѣѩ֬ںڵĳ˳ɢ£¶һϲ޳ͤͤǰһȣʱһöĺƻȾϼԵý޲ɷ
ϫһ𣬶ʱˣСӿ¶Լ㺣ǺЦһ˵ζ
Ц˭˵ĴమĽοǰŮһλˣɫɲͣǡϫֲʥˣܻĴ࣬ȷΪ˵Ժ
ⶼȥˣԼ㶼ôԼ
ЩͷڳϫԺһţ㼴ЦȻˣ߰ɣҴȥƽڡ
ãҲҪȥʶʶķ˵Ͻһӣķ嵱Լƽڵĵһȥ֮ءķ˷ܴе
ķ壿ȵȣȻϵ·ʹүһߣģķ壬үٲǮͻȻԶ
ԣ˴·ٺܶ鷳ʫҲսʣִ
ԭڶŵˣ˿ڳŵ˲߽ɢղŵһиûзһ
Щ˶Լ𾴵ĳϫȥķŭɫһڣȴϫҡͷʾ⣬ֻ÷߷һߣٲЩһۡ
һ˱㳯ƽȥ
⴦ٲˮ̶ԭɽڣƽڵڵأҲֻǧ֮ңϫǰߣҲŸ·һ·̸Ҳڡ
˺߸ŶһˣԼʫһˡ᰺ǴүС㣬ԲϫУԳԼıУо˶ĻԵʮ㣬һ·Ϻ˴Ŀ⡣
ƽڣʫӱ£ڻ£ųϫⲽȥƽڣǱļٴҲΡ
Է֣ӽƽ֮һ·ƽڵӣʲô飬ٴæᳯϫ֣ȴ͸һɲͬѰζ
ߣһԵûƽڣ϶ҲǸĵͷߣСҲֻҷԴֺãֵһɹĲм
ʲ󣿻˵һ⵱ЩƽڵӺ죬ƾַңߣû뵽СҲѧӵܵû뵽Ѽĳ棬һС󰡡ʫҡҡͷϫĿ
룬ȴЩζ˶Ǽе֮ӣͷ⻷ߵﶼ˷ȴһС˷ͷܺܲŽйˡ
ȻǶҵСӣĶҿӵ᰺ǵһ̻ᣬҲᣬʵͨ찡벻ȻҲƽˣ˴ڲԣһٸ¼ȡп϶һϯ֮ء
ƯСûĻӦ᰺ҵĶС㣬Ҵ꣬۵̣ڶ֮ϣ벻֮ŮȻҲˣ
ȵķ壬ʫĴʱˣЩǰķʿУ᰺ǵʿһˣԼߵĻһǾ¶֮ɫ˲Χ˵ע⣬νĿͷ޶
ʱãҲ°΢̧ϹŵЦݣͶ㶼һζ
ǰߴ·ĳϫܣʽĽɫϫЩҪ֪ЩǶöȥأ
յķɼ࣬ԭɽϼȺĦ࣬͸еķɽһ
պٲлˡֱɽۣ֮ǰϫų˿ɽ˺ɱǺܲװ
ϫȺмһάʮŵӶһ㶣ϫҲ˵ӻ֣æԼȥ
Ȼ뿪ȴסλԸĿ˵ĹӸ磬ȵСӣ·ʹ·ҴʲôǣϽүԳУøǮ㶼٣


169 
˻
ԣڳʮŵӽǵһͲԼĶ䣬һı顣
ǶλϫίΣͳʮеӵϸʿɫӲޱȣƤӶ
磬һյĴѶͣǰμڲˣҶЩûˣԭô磬ķĴˡЦǰ˵ŻɨһУһɵĽģ
ԹԣСӾȻķĴֵܣڲԣ˭Ϊ
һλݣǸöð
ǿģ
ˣΧЩķĦʿ¶֮ɫ̾ѣöһ°Ͷ̵ˡ
㣬õˣͨڲԣͿһˡ˾̾Уʫǰǵĸ첲Ȼһָϫ˵һһ·Żҵע⣬Ц֮ϵķ壬Ҳƽϣ˵ҪҪһЩǮ
ʱɫҲýӲѿߣŵҲһ۾ľ
ⷬһ˵ʱҲﵽ˺ͶһЧʿһ̾ʫҲõ˼㡣
ߣǾ÷ͷɴӱǿвмһߣŤͷϫɵŲиǴŭǳСӣѵûҵĻ𣿡
·ķݶϣһٽҺ͵ǸǮˡڶ˵ͬʱʫҲóһƵĶ˹ȥʼտҲϫһۡ
žž
Ҳܲסͷľͷŭ֣Ժݺһ˦˳ȥöʫʱ
ʵ벻ԼĵܵܣãȻ˴飬ȻԼϫֱֱһͷ
磬ΪδңʲôСʱҵģеš
㣡㡭ʫҲȻضԼĽ㡣
谮һүС㣬ô˵汻һƣǱԼ״ģͻУ˷
ΧҲǲŵһĻԴҲ벻ף⾿Ƿʲô顣
ǵĵܵãϫڿˣɫƽ糣ʱҲףⶭ鲢ǴͨԼĹϵǴͨ˶Ĺϵ
죡СӣŲҡԼһайڳϫͷϣȴеĻ˵һ룬ֱݺݳһơ
ԭʫ죬ҲͬһҪѷŭйϫͷϣȴԼ۾һʱŵ˵ˡ
̫ʦ棬˵ȷǵӵܵܣ̫ʦ𷣣һ֪˵ٶûˣֻԼĳֿ̬Լܵˡ
̫ʦ𷣣ͬʱ
⣬⡭̫ʦ棿ʫ۾ŵųϫ񿴵ʲôɲһ
£̫ʦ½⣿ȵ
ͨ
ԣʫ̲סл֣̿ڵأһʧǵӣֱʱףԼеСȻƽ̫ϳϱĽֵܡϫ
֮ǰԼԴϫ̬ȣһʱ֮䣬ĶˣǱļ᰺ǿԳưԣԨǣƽȻǰֱ͸һʱǾȻһλƽڱֳߵĴԲѷָֻţʲô
һĻΧҲʱУĿˢˢԶ꣬жʱͲ³ݡ
ҼǵõһķʱҾ˵˭ˣҶˡ
ȳϫ˵꣬ڵأѡ
ķ꣬˵ǶҸӣȡ֮֮ߵĸԴߵֻҪ˵Լķӣܵ޾ۺͿķǽʶĴ̫ϳϱ⡢˺ƽӾͲ˵ˣżҴСϪľҴӶľμҴأԼǱĸҼȵȣķôġһ
ţϵܣ﷢˺£ʱԶдһףһϮ۵ıնٶ֮죬˲һ
Ӱݼ̫ʦ棡⣬ʮŵҲǹе
ʱ֮䣬ķʿһ𾪵ǻ»ҷߣȴ˾κˣλƽڴ˵еĵɾʿ̫ϳϣ
ȻģСӹȻǳϫڵصĶʫɫʱòҵޱȣиǺڵóӶˡ
ϫ㿴Ҵ˭ˡţʦҲˣʱٴһˬʴЦЦڿ֮󣬶ʱƽڵƽӣߣˣһ°׷ߣһǳ磬һĿꡣ
ˣϫһ㶣϶ʱһĨЦݣȵԭλ磬ôҵˣ
ɽʱϫȡһöͼƬһɽ
λѣѼƽڣƽӵʮλʿӴЦ˵ʱѷڳϫǰ
磿Źȥʮ꣬λһӴϸ磿ˣخǰ˵ڽԲϹ޵ѪΪͼƬĹϵɽʱϸԲʱ䣬Ʋ֮Ϊǵİ
һɲǼ䣬ϫͨǰףزѣæЦǫãڡ
ϫô£Щӷ𣿡ĿһɨڵصĶˣɫһһǴϺȻӿһ˲ѹȣΧ˶Ϣĸо
˸Ǵҳڵأɪɪ̫ϳˣƽҲˣ֮¡Ҫ㰡
ûֻСͷϫЦЦŤͷϵĶ˵ɣ¾ʹ˽ᣬҲ׷ǵ𣬲յڲԣǵĵܵãһƾʡԽпˣ˽ͨϵŪ顣
˵գϫҲǣű⡢ӡԼܣȥ
ǵıӰʧڴУŸվӣµس˿жԳϫм֪ǳϫڣԼͱƽɽˡ
񣬳ϫԭǣǵĵܵòμڲԣѾĶˣܲм
ʫҲվӣһ˿֮ղŵһĻĻ״ݿеĽԸǸԹ޳ϫͷ


170 
ķ
⡢ӡͳϫϯضڳϫ̫⣬λûзΣƽ۽ˡ
ȻҲڣ˵ıֱϾ̫ͣһӵϹһԾףֻбķݡ
˴ǰĿĺܼ򵥣֮ǰųϫҪ׻ͥ磬ȴ˵㼴һϸѡƷ춴̫鹦лͥ絽ɾз֮һر
ϫˣǴϲԥˡ
ؽ䡷ں֮УһΪνһûУΪѾϸԲ硣
ңġ׾Ҳֻϸصķ׻֮ͥ󣬵֮ѡ幦ֻҪٴν붴خԻᴫڸ
Ҳˣϵⲿ춴̫鹦˵ǽ˳ϫȼü֮ϲ
ϫ⣬ҲоܸˣоԼѪû׷ѣⲿ춴̫鹦ƽڵĴУʱһҪĵؾѰģᣬĪ⣬Ĺ㣣ȴһֱϫҲﾡãﳬֵ
ǰȻλϫɣƽڣΪǴﵽ磬ǵļ룬ǿƽڵʵȻҲףλ֮Իѡƽڣ̶ܴΪϫ
ȷΪϫ
ԴɽڵĺͼƬϫȡλľ粻ܵƣΪһ·ֻĹѴﵽ硣
˵ûгϫλҲֻһϸ磬ջΪԪݽߣ޶աϫǵİ֮ݶǣ
ټЩϴԸ˵Ҫ׸ߵľ磬ѣǱѡһͶʱϫȡǱȵһƽ̫ϳϱֵܵϢ˳һϽҲȻλĶУ˵Ͷƽڣ
һԽϫĹϵƽıһõλһ棬ƽǿɣҲûԼݡҲԭղŻڳϫǰ
ط꣬ǻϲ쳣̸ЦڡˣҲǣһ㼴Ȼ뿪
ϫǰЩ꣬ϸһԣ˵أ꺱Ǳڸǣκ׼ռ˹ա΢һͻȻ˵
ȷˡֱųϫ̾ϢǴռķҰԪǵûռ˿׼ܵɣɵϵܣԭټʱƾռһΪָһ̹;֮棬ѱǣСܹ̽ġ
ϫһ֪ڴŻĹʱһѪͨռ࣬Ϊó֮˵Ǿ֤ģ
ݡؽ䡷֮Ҳ˽⣬֪ĹȥڡδֱĪˡࡢ֮УҲˣ֪ԼȻ޷ƲʱеľͿ֪ˡ
νˣ͸ˡһ̫翣羵лˮ£׽ϫ䲻ȫţȴҲע⡣һֱᶨΪ춨ȴԼУǸǻͿԼȥζԴˡ
ԣ˿Ҳһţû㲨
ˣҪڹ֮󣬾ʹμ֮ȺǴ᣿еƣæתƻ
ţǰֻ꣬ϸ磬ҲֻಫУܼΪϫͷ
ȷǰ쳵·ν͸ԵҲвײģϽ׻ͥ磬ҪʼȡԪתΪǽ𵤾׼ҾãӦȥһ˱֮ص嫺ɳĮЦ˵
嫺ɳĮϫȻû뵽Ȼ˵һطҪ֪ռҵʿ׷ɱʱνУ˴ʯ뽣ڣ𾳣ʶס
ȷǣ嫺ɳĮǰһħսȻ쫷ŰɳХſֲ֮Ľƺѷ죬ǣҲʤؾԼص޶졣ҺǰЩУһ걬Ļɽ۽Աߣһ̺޾ŵĶѨȻ١
ţ
ϫԣжʱһ
ͥ磬ǼȡԪʹۣ̩֮ؼҲָ֣۽ˮסģѪڵ֮С
ԾƷߣؼıԴ֮ͥʿִŴԪƷ֮ߣ֮죬ԶͥʿΪҪǣǽʱһİգ
ţʱȷʵ亱ֿƷ嫺ɳĮоȻо֮ϫܲĶ
Ҫǽ𵤣μǱȣҪȳƻ֮ͥӵоŴԪȻ°빦ľ޴ãǰ嫺ɳĮҲڱˡ
ϫĬĬ˼ţƽڵڲԽ֮󣬱㼴̣ǰ嫺ɳĮ
һҲ̸ǣֻʣ³ϫܡ
ʱ˫˫ϸ磬νǽ٣˾̾Ҳɴ˿ɼڶżжϪչˣܵĴȻӲˡ˱ϾǶż֮ˣѡƽΪպ֮أ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ϫ˺ܾã㰲ӭס£Ӧһ磬ʹȥμӴ˴εڲԡ
һҹ޻
һ磬ϫϴϣһ˽뿪ķ塣
¶ɽ̣ȸɺ׷衣
ƽڵɽǰʱѾַǷɽ˺һľ
ƽϽн޿ĵһţռͷȻ꿡еʥأĽųΪеһԱ
ˣǰμڲԵŮ಻ʤټϰһļ˳ԼĹʹߣƽڵɽţֱͳγɵĺʢǰ׳
ˣˣˣ
ƽɽ֮ϣ޴ġӡƳĺģ쳹أڲʽʼˡ
ƽڵڲԣķչܱ䣬ѾüΪܣ䡢ԡʡ־Ĵ
ÿһרŵĳϺ͵ӽ֣Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬ƽڵĳϼȫԱһԱǰ꿡ԣٶȼ죬ҲԵþ
ϫ룬ûȥڵľʹǴܣɽţڲԵĵطȥ
ȺеȴʱѾгǰʦṶ֣̊һɥʧǣռžдһѹ֡
һĻʱҲýΪ֮ǰѵõϫ˴ڲԣչǶˣȫƾԼ£ͨ£ͨĻϫûȷ˵ˣý


171 ڲ
ڲԵĵһǹ䡣
Ⱥǰߣһλī̳۵곤ϣڰ빺ߣĿ񣬶Աߣŵæµ
ϷһԲʯμӲԵְֻϱߣᱻ׼ز䡣
ƽҪյĵӣʵ䲻óʮ꣬ԣΪ˷ֹЩʿɻأϾòǷֲʿġռҴ壬Ĺԭ򣬿۵ͯӣֻйŲƭˡ
īΣʮ꣬ϸ񣡡
δԣʮ꣬ϸ񣡡
սʮ꣬ϸ񣡡

ЩŵӵУϸ˷ܴУ㵸ϸĴͷɥ̭˷ޣѰٻ˼̬ϲŭ֣ڴ˿չֵ쾡¡
óϫҲ겻ѣҺһնʮ꣬һʮ꣬ǼΪ˳ͨ˲ԣҲ˿ɹȡľơ
ϣ׭ŽϢֻõöƣȥμӵڶʲԡ
ϫִȥʡ
ʵӣϵȵĿԽãʱ͸׽ף෴ʵӣȫʹȡõĳɾҲǴ粽ѽԶ;Ե
ϸ磬ǾѣҲ֮ѡҲоյͨ˲ԣУϫһֱԶԹۣԷ֣һˢǧ֮࣬ɴ˿ɼҲ˭ʵġ
쵽ʱ򣬳ϫ˲־ĵط
һǧɷΧԲγأʮĸӻ찴λãһһħ
μӲԵӵܣҪϥڴ֮Уʱȫ޾ѹͻȻǧ֮һΪࡣԺҲֻʬɽѪħԩŰľҪܼΪϿĿ顣
ܹڴмֵʱԽʹ־Խᶨ־ᶨ֮ľԽᶨܰ۲ӣնֱǰ˷̰ɨѰ·ϵһϰ;
ϣ̫׿֮Ϊ־ᶨΪӹţϲţЩʷͨУƾױȵĴ־ǿ֮УЦµġ
ƽΪ֮ţרһ־ҪҲǼΪ̣־ҲвеһҪĻڣڲУ꿡ţǱ־̭ġ
ͨ˵Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪһħУһʱˡȻֵʱԽ־ԽᶨպƽڣܵĴҲͻἫΪס
ܿ죬ܺŰپʮˣճһǧ֮ŽС
˶ڴϥãһλ۵ĳϣ·
ʱÿһͷһ޴ʯӰͬʱһɰѹݺѹ£
ͺһСɽѹ˫һ

ʯӰոճ֣һûϵ˿ֲѹ⧲֮£ֱӱѹſڵϣһĲҺ
Ǽʱ䣬мʮŮֲס˲ԣҲֱӻȥ˳
ڴԶһǧˣҪһμ־ԣĻһɫˢףŵĶɤˡȻҲкܶ¶˷ܵĿ⣬ԾԾԡ
ܣźѹѹһƬȺЩŮĳĿôĻҲ޲ɫ䣬Ųѡ
ϫȺУĿעϣһգգ
ܿ죬һǧ̭߰ٶˣҵڼš
ʱһʱŹȥһ롣
˿ڴеŮ󲿷ֶ˫۽գˮСϪһ£͸
ǵŭԹޡ޶ԡľܵûֿɲӰ쵼µġ
־ԣȷǼ֮ľ˫ܵѹȣ޼־ֵһʱͲܡ
ıֶ鿴ȻǱȴûгֱԤףֻҧ촽һѪˮѶ£Щҵ
һ
һħУֻʣʮˣ
ĻΧѹһǧˣȻ̭ŰٰʮˣͨҲ̫С˰ɣ
ǽ˵ȷʲװϫŴеܣ˵ܵܳ껣ǰܵҲֿˣŰƽڵİɣ
ڳϫ˼֮ѱرգܵʮ룬һƣ֮ȴ޲˸ϲý֮ɫ
ǰܴһǧӱĳɼȷֵý
ʮǰȴǰ۳ϰ䷢ơ
ʱһݰ׵Զ˹빺ߵһŵ̧ͷһɨüڴʱͱ̭֣
ŵӻû˵꣬ԱһֱĿ۵ĳͻȻ۾ִϣ촽΢Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ŵӶʱᣬٲԣɿصݹȥһľƣľƾͿԲμһˡ
һЦ곤Ϲ˹֣ʩʩȻ̧뿪
һĻںŶӲμӲԵǶʱը˹ۣ˲ޣеĴšƽס
ߣ۳һߣ۾
벻μӲˣҴ곤ϱĿǲ֪ھ뿪һŵ̧һɨܣǳ
ʱû˸ҳɣѻȸû˭Լȥο֮УҲͨùϵĻǻһЦͨԵİҲˡ
ϫüͷһ壬ϵ곤ϣл꣬ƹܺĳϣûнӴԴ˵ӡҲһ֮Ե
ʱĿŵذ䰲ȻͨΪѵ־ԣжʱһ
ʱͨ־ʮ߳һ꣬ɫڣòͨʵƾƤϻһɺζͨͨԻ֮ӣۣƵŮ룬һһ죬һڵء
ԺܲӦΧͶϵĿ⣬Щ޴룬ĺܣڵŸǱͨ졣
ģҲͨ־ԣ
ģһжûϴˣ
ߣͨ־ΣɵԲһؿ϶ˣƽڣҲվӿԼʲôС
ִٲģΧʱһЦ
ϫǣЦ֮󣬷ŨڵüǴһɼ֮ɫִ־ǿĺܡ
ȺУһͬƾƤ򸾣òʵĺܣƤɹúںڵģԳһЩص
Ƥ꣬ǵĶףѰ
һɽԻӹƶϴ˴ǰƽڣҲϣףѰͨԣţԺԼһƶ֮ࡣ
˿̼裬Է򸾽촽¶ʹ֮ɫ۾ȴǽԼӣͨĿһЩ
ףѰ˴־ԡ
ŵӵĻû˵꣬ٴαϻϣ̧۾ףѰһɨҡҡͷû˵̬Ǻԡ
ŵӵʱסˣðβŵͷ
ʲôô
ߣûʲô˲ģĿ֮£ֻʮͨˣ϶ᱻƽڸ߲֪ȻͨϵͨˣȻһ˱ˢ
ޣԭɵСӱ˸˰
ѵǸ곤ϾͲ±˽Ҵ
У˰ɣⶼղ飬ЩƽڵĴ˭ûиʾɣԼı·˭Ա˳ȥᡣ˵ӵ˽أȻֻǿЦ˵ˢĶȨƵģ͵ˣƽڱɣǸʲô𣿡
ΧȺУʱһ˵ףѰĿУϷʡбġֻ
ϫȴüͷһ壬նԼ˵ĵܵܡãаǱײƣǶʫҲܳͨͨв԰ɣ
ӵйϵнǮԴͨϵӵأò࣬ܲƽ˭ֻȥϧǣǣ


172 
뵽⣬ϫס̾˿ǮȨԶǼ̤һˣǮƣԶܲĹƽᱻѹΪصƷΪ˵ĵʯ
ÿһطĬϵǱ򣬸ı;ֻһǾԼǿ
˿̣ϷʡֻĿע£ԻףѰڵǱǺŤ˫ĿȼŷŭĻ棬żţ߬ȭͷԴָУƳһ˿˿ѪգȴǺ޲
ֻǸӵɽԻ֮ӣ뵽ϵ˾˷޳˺޳ܣ֪ܵذԼͨŬõĳɼ
벻ͨ
ܷŭǿһͷţ۾Ű빺ߵŵӣҪһ͡
ŵиԭлףѰһ˿ǵӴףѰ۾ķŭʱҲˣһߣŤͷɵСС
ͻȻһ߲ȹѣüĿ֬ѩŮ˹Ưһ͸ŨŨ֮ɫһֻС죬Ŀбӣߵǰ
ϫǵãŮлɣҲһħʱͱ̭ģʱ֮ǰⲻԶ
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ˣɣ԰ꡣվӣ˻̧֣ޱСһλᣬԹ£򡭡
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Թ˶ʱȻ
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ʱһ޾ƵĳƱȣһ֮Ȼը졣


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ƽڵڲĴУֻҪﵽҪ󣬾ͿͨΪģû˭ܸı䣬̭ʲߡ
Ҳˣ˴δϽǳμڲԵӵܣȻʮ֮ڣͨʲԵҲռ߳ɡ
ֻŵĻ
ʣµ־ԺԲԲΪҪҲ̭ߵͨ־ԲԵĵӣֻΪһˣܳΪƽڵŵӣ洫ӡģҲֻܴŵ
ǣ˭ָԸŵ
ЩϽطſ޲Ǳŵӵģ̭ˣҲԸײŵ
־ֲԶԱȣ־ͨϾһħ󣬶ľżΪпĿ飬˭ġͬ츳һԣһĿȻ
ղţһǧ˽һħһ֮󣬲ֻʮͨ俼֮ϿͿ֪ˡ
־ҪܹΪ־ԵĳϣҲ֤һƽڵĳУҲǸȨĽɫϳߡ
Ǵ˿̣ؼͬըװһȣڳ˶ˣȻ˸ݳϡ
˸ԾһĻˡ
ݸղźȻֻһ߾ڳϫˣһȥϫԴǱϲɡǵȻĴȣݶʱɫһ䣬գӰڰղ˼һŤ߰βݣӷػԭأ׶磬䣬ΪƯղŸûжһȻԼƿأҲﵽշļ߾硣
ݴʱɫǱþɲǱղһƵŵˣϵƵȻ޴档
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˵һԱȣʱΧ˷һ˿ߡһУ¶ǸղһƵɵİɣ
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ϫ룬ȭϸ磬ղͨ־ԣȴһ˶ǲƽ㿴
ģˡˬӦ¹ٸΣδ򿪾أԴΪһѡ񣬷ƽڣҶ죬˭ͨ־ԣó汾͵ˣͨϵвͨ
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ֻҪұ˭Ե˿࣬һǰʧġףѰ촽ݺݵͷ
ϫЦЦٲ˵֮󣬾ʹȥ۽ǰԡ
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۽ƽڵصأҲֻ洫Ӳڴ˹ĦŵӺŵӣ⣬ҲԵ۽ҵġ
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ʵ͸ġ黭ܹ࣬ʩչĽԽ֤࣬Խߡ
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Ҳ˳ϫæһ·С˹ȴϫҡͷʾܾˣЦôǰԼ̫ʦ棬Ҳе̫԰ˡ
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һ֮󣬶ʫ˫˫ӹ۽гˣɷüɫ裬ȻԲһУҲǱֲס
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⴦ǧɷΧĸľ޴ʯŹ⻬ʯıȭͷС¹ʯ͵ԣյһƬͨ財
ڴһ޴ʯڣʯڹ⻬羵ϱ޾Ľڷ衢ХתƵ磬䣬֮
Ȼǹ۽ˣϱһߵĽ⣬ҲȻƽλµĽϡ
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ˣϫ˿Դһۣ˾ȻƸΪͽҪëϴ裬ΪģҲһĪ컯ˡ
ҡҡͷϫ̧ǹ۽ȥ̧ͷһۿĿʱ㱻۽ϵֽסˡ


175 
ϫʱоԼһ磬֮䣬ι״Ľնͨȼˮ䡢ī
ݣ
һƵĽƲϫĵƿնһն£ʱ֮䣬۵绡һƬ
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ݣ
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ݡ
һƿ쳹ƻȫķϢʱӵתƣʱɽ֣Ρ룬ʱ纣ˣʱŰ磬˺Ѳ񷡭
УϫоÿһնɱԼΣƾεֿ޷ѱ֡նɱˡ
Щǹ۽ϵĽ
ֻǰµһ˿ӡӵ˿ֲƣ
ϫǧκˣȴǲϲ񣬵һǳƮĽϲȥ
ѾףղſһУЩԼԺɵ󣬻֮ģ⵽شǶȴãҹ֮ǿֻ֮һʶˣЩϵϮ˲һ˿һ
ȴԳô˻ᣬϸϸа壬ЩתΪУ
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Ǭ㡢ޡ롢ҡ
ϫжԱȲšؽ䡷˴ƣһϣʱ䣬ΧһУڽ磬󣬶ֵ⣬Ҳһ̣һڽ
ڿؽ䡷УϫӡǬУٴһ˿յ⣬˿Ҳڲ򽣵Уõ˷ٵյİոΪ׼̡һת׳
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ƽڵڲԣܼƽ죬Уÿ춼ǧǰ۽ңвԣÿ˶ڹ۽ǰһĳϫж¶֮ɫ
ܼ򵥣ΪԼֻڹ۽ǰְӣٶʱ䣬ǵͻشˣǵ֪ϫפڴ֮ã벻ѡ
Щĸ꿡ŲҪϫһϳ̣ɶǷ׷װõҲֻаʱ䣬Ѫˣƽڵĳϼʱȣ߻ħ
Ϊôӣϫڹ۽ǰ׳٣ҲԼٶȴ˳ȥÿμڲԵӵܶУһ̾ۡ
Ҳ֪˶á
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һѣʱһֱԱΪλϵע⣬Ȼˡ
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˿̣УϫʱƮΧΪһһΪеһأ˷Ź񷣬ޱߡ
ǲյ֮ϫ˵ʷ˱仯ֻҪЩƮʾͻʧҲĿ
Ѿȥˣÿ죡ϫ˿е֪ԼȻڹ۽ǰվ죬ʱһ
ˣˣŲԵĹʲôʱаϫԼӦƽӣҪȥμӹء
վͽˡºһЦ˵Ѿʦֶ͹ˣ뵣ġ
ϫ˿ǲź񲻹ģԣҲֻһӦˡ
ķɣǶպߺúҴ̽ǡ
ϫԭ;ڹ֮󣬱㼴̸嫺ɳĮѰǾŴԪ˿̼䣬Լٵģ㼴ھͳ
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Ҳ֪ϫڽʱ뿪䲻ᣬǵ˵ͷ֪ϫҪμ֮ȺǴģΪ˸ʵҲġ
ǳһƱ㻯΢Цֵϫףսǽ𵤾ȺǴȡǰʮ
˼ԣһγ²ɣϫȻЦ˱ȭתɽƮȻȥ

һ죬ϫ뿪ƽڣ̤;
Ϫľಽͳ˳ţڳǽϣʧıӰĬ
֮󣬶ϪȻҲ֪´ʲôʱ򰡣
̾Ϣٴγǰʱ߳µķˡ
ľɨһۣЦǵȻϫֵܣճɾͱض
ڣ塣
ռ̲סʵ
ϥأǰһöƵͭǮɢһ˿˿ɬءϢ
УڻúͼƬ֮󣬾ͱڸǣ׼֮óġãҡͷ̾ϢһһЦ㻹ǵɽʱһ𣿡
Ȼʲô
һھԨΪǱԨ֮󡣶ʱѶȹԨ֮ѣԤϲպ֮˵Ȼ죬ݺ£տȻ䣬һһٵ
ʦ𣬳ϫ뿪ˡƽںɽأĹȱ̺֮ϣ˹ֶ
ţ֪ˡ⸺ֶ̺ԺǸŮװ꣬ԼǸһŭ֮£޹ռҵİŮӡ
УһöӨƣֻһס֣öǰ罻ģϵǷܽ򡣶һУڳϫǷͨȺǴ̫ս
ӵöҲá
ϫϫϷ򻹵һǰغ嫵һҪɹ૲ѡ


176 
ಣ
̿ϴޣһұڲƿһˣԶɿȥ
ϫڴͷⷭšܶʮͼ̬С
鼮صʮ־󷨵ľ裬ѱȻģҲǴټڹ۽ǰڤ죬ԼԼأںϡؽ䡷˴˸̵֪
ϫµ˼֮к쳾̬Ҳģǿ⡣
ϫҪ嫺ɳĮװڴͷ˫۱أԣžĳо׿ߣرһƽ׷ھ׽ԸԣԵú㡣
ڳϫķؽ䡷׺Ͱ׿ֻôڸڣ߿ռȻ󣬵ȴǺһСﻵˡ
ϫ뿪ƽڣСԣػɣ󺣣ɣƾԾٲöزˡ
϶ȥľţҿͥżĲáϫף嫺ɳĮ˽𣿡
ʵϫҲǶ嫺ɳĮһ֪׷ɱӽ嫺ɳĮУȻڽڣסʱֻ嫺ɳĮǧأ嫺ɳĮ㲻ϡ
̸嫺ɳĮӢСϸһ˿֮ɫгޣо壬ȻðβŻ˵ǰҼ˴ңٵ嫺ɳĮμħʥսʱ嫺ɳĮѾһƬ֮أѷ죬ʱշ籩֮ӣֱһƬ֮أ֮ء
٣
׺ҲԴ
ϫ˼
ȴûע⵽ЩڻУҲ״߽һǴǰɳĮӦμħ֮սνħ֮սʵнħսΪ嫺ɳĮʱշ籩Ŀռ䣬ͨħеħͨһ嫺ɳĮеġ
Ų֪ħʿУɱӣ޷죬꣬飬ɨ֮ضѪȳ죬ݲҵʿ֮ĳޣبʱھͽ;ֻһǾսݣ
Ҽ˾ǳսģʵֹŲ֪жٵħʿҲѪУвɾľǿߣͿֲ֮ħʼħͷһս֮пᡢѪȡǵá
ϫҲĳþòԡħ֮սħɡÿһ۶·һֱĵ鲻ԽҡҷƿǿߵĶԾУضɫĻ
ħеģϫͻȻʵ
һҡͷҲܸ㣬۵ġ
ϫʱף˵ûôˣ׾Բô˵Ҳ᳣±˷ˡ
Ҫȥ嫺ɳĮ˵뵣⵽ħĹҲȻɱķ֮ҪСһ㣬ܰʵͥ硣ѵ
ϫ΢΢һЦԽΣգԽĥҵʵһģڽ嫺ɳĮ֮ǰȰԼʵ˵
嫺ɳĮλֵҲԭ󷽣Ԩʮ֮ңϫбûиʮ£ҲǱﵽ
ϫûż·˼һΪ˲ʲô鷳ǾٿзɶݣǳأֱӴ˼ççɭдСЩط˵޺УҲ㲻̫ȫЩȻҪ׶ԸһЩ
ңɽдУɱĥʵһҲ

һɽС
ϫǰУҹ˹Ħ۵޾ɱʵѪ⻯еζȡ
ʱһȥ
𣡡
յĹɭУͻȻһŭ޺һ޴ĺӰײʮòȻءϣѪܵ˰̣Ѫٲ£ܿͽ͸˷ԲʮɷΧĵ档
ϫǲѾںϡؽ䡷еİ˴ˣ
ĺԶֻһЩƤëˡ
ͷ޴޵ʱһӰƮӶϣһƮƮӢСˡ
Ӱιֱͣ罣ǹҪ춼ͱһƮȻУǶһ˿˿ɱζ
Ȼǳϫ뿪ƽڣֱѹȥ˰֮ãЩӣżȶһ·У¶ޣһһ޴ӹóʵޱȡ
ȻççɭУҲʵǿ֮޴ڣȻͥʿ֮ķɱɱûʲôҲһпսУϫĽΪ
ΪֹĲɱϫϵУһ˿ɱζĺͺڲһͷޣһսչ¶
ͣ
ѿʼַʽϵʬ壬зɿϫǳʲô⴮ࣿ
ЩڴְǰУһ·նɱ޸вͬϷɵģģˮεģлັϣϫþĳһƣͳ˸ָζԵ׺Ͱ׿ã񫡣
ȻֻԲɻеģ׺ܿͳ䵱Ľɫƽʬ塢Ѽϣǽһڿ졣
ôʲôʱܽװϫһԻЩεԴӼخΪһֱ֮³ķҩģ׵ʵȴǺ޴һһֱڻͥңһ붼
ˣҰѸˣ綼û⣬Ҫ֪ǸҪףûһЩĵرıԼȥǼֱȵ컹ѡͷҲ̧ЦôѸ˰ɣףʵɾ൱ʿˣʱ˭۸㣬ҲŰԵ
붼룡ϫȻܾЦȻ𻵣ҲûˣֻҪһ޸ֱҰ
ͣԹУһȲϰ
Զ㣡ϫЦɫһʵˣ׿ȥˣ
Ŷ˵ǸԻԼȥҳԵˣȻŵζ϶ͻģõġ
Ѿʬʽˣ𼱻ǥӴݸϫϽ⣬һǻԵõֲǲ֪ĶӣֱǸ޵׶
ϫ˸ۣ㲻Ҳһ
˵ϫĶɲͿĨϡȻѴǥڻϣַؿ
Ȼȿⶼˣζ磬һ붼׵ĶƤ׿û
ϫʱûθڣüͷƽʱ򣬰׿ɲ뿪ôõģѵʲô⣿˼ʱӴ֮͸˷Ƕȥ
ţ
֮ɢƬ֮󣬳ϫɫʱһ䣬Ȼ۹⳯Ϸȥо˰׿Ϣңһ֮Ϣ
ӵɽа£ϫǵһμϢǹɱϢҲǸеһ˿ľ
³ϫٲɣףʩչ绯ݷƵ磬ϷӶȥ
һǧɵɽ壬ܲܲȻɽϣȴǹͺͺһƬݲʯɫҲǳѪѪɣŨѪֱ֮
ɽ֮ϣһͷѪɫ˫ᣬͷ­бצ繳еľ޴ޣ̾ɽ֮ϣһԱ͵ͫ״ͭ壬ɢб׺֮Ĺâ
Ѫɫ˫ÿһԶаɷΧܲϸܷƬһſڸס˴ɽ壬ͷ­ϣһ͹ƿҪ˫һ
Ѫ𣡡
ϫеʱϵͻȻ׳


177 Ѫ
ѪǻĹѪѪĲֻĹѪʵֲѪб֮
ϫһ۾ͿǰͷѪ¶Ϣ֮ǿȲʿҲԶѰǽʿ
ֲֿʵǿǣԼѸʿκβ
ϫϣĶ֣ԼҲֻķݶˡ
ҵǣ׿Ѫɫɽ֮£ûбͷ׶Ѫ֣Ҳϫ˿
Сһʲô
ϫͷҪΣڳϫɻ֮ʣ˷ܵطɿ촫ûᰡ֮ʣʵʱǳ֣϶ɱȻȡ䱾ڵʳ֮󣬱Ȼһͻƻͥ磡
Σ
ϫʱһѪһΣһٽ磬ΪһޣӵеԪҪö࣬ʿʮʮ
ΪѪǿ̫̫ˣɻΣԪȻޱȡ
һޣ֮ԪҲԶԶѪֲ
ѪҪɻȴǼΪѣֻĹ޵ѪУǴﵽҵΪ̳һЩҩ䣬ɻΡ
ϫǧѷĺûᣬĻĹޣǼΪͷ¾ƬɭеİѰǿ϶ƵߣҪɽٻΣʵüΪһҪô˻ɱˣٴ۲ޱȡ
ãϫͷȷͷѪɱˣôĲˣҲ˵䱾ڵһĹ˫ѵһֵˡ
裡裡裡
ʱѪɫɽϣѪ쳤ХϵѪɫſ޾γУŷ紫ëȻ
ʱ֮䣬ԭʵձīһ˿˿绡â֮У
ͷѪ٣ʼ׽֮ɻˣ
ϫǵһοɱΣѪȻĹ֡
һ֮üԶ˸еһļ£Ѫĳ˻֮ʱһƬ籩ХУŰ񺿣ʱɽ˾ֻ»ᱻ
ûп֮ǰֻܳΪҰޣֻпǣԪǾޣ֣
Ұޣޣͬĵȼ׷˺ʿ˴֮
ɹ׽٣ͿԻûΣʿһѰʵݺĺ˾ͳޡǿޡ
Ѱ޲ͬһЩĹޡޣҪɻΣȴǼΪѵģеɻΣ׿Сһһһޣǽȫһȴ޷ɻΡ
ơؼÿһطС
Ѫ𣬴ʱڷ籩е룬ͷһŴ쳣绡ڻۣžɢļµĿֲϢ
裡
ѪѪеɭɭһɳޱȣɼҧ˸ʲô³ʦУ¯Ƴ׼Ʒɽ
ӴѪɻΪ֮ʵǿᵽʲô̶ȣϫʮ֮⣬͸оͷԪԼҪǿʮֹ쳣
ãϫڿߣϢǿ󣬿Ҫȡͷڵģֻǡǲʲôɫʱһɿ˵
׵Ļ䣬ϫͲԶĵطӰ߼Ӷ磬ֻһ˲䣬Ѫɫɽ֮ǰĶ
ҲѪֳĶ̫ˣ벻עⶼѡ
ʱɽ֮۵ѪƺҲоΣգһԵƵ۾ɽɨȥ׺ݲбƺҪ֮С
ֿŸûУ˭ʱɱĹؼʱͷ׽ҷģҰ;ϣض׽֮£ɻ
ɶ쵰ȻǵıˣСɱڣϫͷ׽٣ʱ̶֣ȥˡ
˵ϢǿӦǽ𵤾Ϊһ𣿡ϫü
ֲɱǣסһᣬһǿ԰쵽ģһҪ죬ɱͷ֮ǾӣҲ׷ϡ׺ٺЦ
ãһҪСģסӣ²ҪͷڵҲҪ˵Լϫ
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ʱīУһˮͰֵ˶ſ񱩿ɲϢݺ£¸üԶϫɸеһļ¡
׽٣̺־ѰԱ⡣
һ޺ѪſԳһɹȵɢ׽٣ǲ㲻ܣ
飡
ͷ̺ŻĹѪļһʱĶԳ򣬷ʹ֮ҽУͷ­ϣ͹ԵȻۿɼٶȳһʵĽ
꣬˫ǸһͱѪצ۶ϣ£ͬʱǰɷΧӴڹ׽ٵ£ȻʼСȫƬצǷ׷䡣
䣡
һ׽֮֮īնʱɢ»ָεʡͷѪ𣬻ѪۣϢ΢һСò˶ãͻ۳
֣һͺȣһĨ۽⣬˵Ĳ֮رȥ
ͬʱϫżһ棬ͬһƼ磬ѪɫɽϿٷɳۣ˻δֱ㼴һ̽ȶһɷΧǶӡͷѪݺץȥ
ͷնɹ׽٣Ϊ΢ʱ򣬴ʱϫȫʩչǶӡҪһٽܻ
ǿմӡٶȼ죬Ȼûгɵľ룬Ҳת۾͵ͷѪСΪʮɷΧǿմӡݺһץʱһҷŭĺУʹӴѳҺڵֿ׽֮Ѿ˥֮ʱͱְţϫק
·ߣע⵽ˣ£
ѦȥɱСӣԸŹֵС
ʱȼͬʱ漴ͻȻɽ£һӰʹܶȣڿ˸ͽӽ˳ϫĳһơ
ѦӰǲǶӡֱӳϫɱһĳƷ絶ǿٶȸǴﵽ˺֮ĵز
ϫһķӦҲǼ죬Ӱճ֮ʣУѶദһƽ׼Ʒһתʩչ˫ġ
ݡ趯ƿգۻ֮ڳϫܣһƣкɰ˻̣֮κιӲһƵķ
ǡؽ䡷˴󽣵зһĽƣĿݣϫѳ͸о壬˿̸һʩչ绯´أ޿ɺ
飡
ѦһƣʱذصĽӰУһ̺Ŀֲȴóϫŵŵ
ףһϸʿȻܵסҵһƣԶǸѦӰȿڡ
ʱϫҲ˴ģǸģӢ꣬һɺͼķۣɺ׳ְɫչɣңֱϾ죬һ֮ƿնĵ콾
ϣżΪϢʵϫ²ݾ飬ȴΪ϶Ҳǽ𵤾硣
ߣҸղֻɵѣҲýңɡѦ˳ϫһۣߣ߸ϣʮ㡣
Ŷ𣿡ϫƽ۽ȴһƳܣмƽϡ
ǾٽһԡѦмһЦֳ̧鰴ǿֲϢȴԽԽУץһɾɽ
ãϫشļΪʹ죬Ҳǲżһ棬һΣӰ仯ġ㽣̻
ˢˢˢ
硢С硢쫷硢ҷ硭ַ̺֮ǧĽƱ仯Уγһ֮磬Ҫɨ£˼䲻ƽ⣡


178 ǬԪ
㽣仯ǧ磬ʱƣʱѺɽ۱仯ܳߡ
ɽʱϫһķ֮⣬˿Ϥںڡ㽣УԽɱͥʿ
ķ֮⣿
Ѧһ¶һ˿м֮ɫֹԣСޱȣվԭһȷʵԽԽ񣬾͵ȳϫǰȻһư
ȻѦԼʵԸ֮
ȻϵǣӰеĳϫδϮڰ;͵ظı䷽򣬳ԶӶȥ
ಣ
绯ݷϫʩչ£֮⡢յںϣһĨ͸ӰѦ⧲֮ѾץϵѪ𣬶ڵĿռ䣬תһۣɭӶȥ
ʩչ㽣ϫѪٵߣһǳɣˮٶ֮죬Ƴϫܴﵽļޡ
ϫûҪɰѦӸտʼѦʱ֪ƾԼʵҪ磬ɱѦѣǲܡΪ˱סѪսƷϫҲٸһȥĻܱסȴȻҪѪĻǾ̫òʧˡ
֮ʣѾܡ
ɶСӣӲģԭҴɱ㣬Ѿ㻹ֵĻᣬ˭֪ȴ֪ϧֻʹɱ㣬ȻٶѪˣ
ѦΪٸߣҲûƵС޳ܣûзȣȻһЦϫ׷ȥ
ѦСҲӵˣʱѦһͬ飬ܻطӶɫͬһŰ׺ͼķۣ˫Ƶ磬ӿɢϢ˿ѦҪǿһ֡
ӣôӵҵģһϸСϣ㶼ѦЦʦ֣͵ŰɣѪȻҶ˵֮
ߣϣ˵ɡӵһٲ˵
˳Ӱصɭȥ

һ֮
һĶطѦͣ
ãСӵϢʧˣôҲѰѦɫеѿӴ֮ɨܣȴûзһ˿ټ
㲻˵ץС̽ȡһôǽڵΪȻһϸСһﶼκβˣһߣ͸ŨŨĲ
ʦ֣С̫ƻ˵ֻϸΪȴһķ֮⣬Ҳ֮»汻ӵˡѦɫòһֻϸСϴԼӵȷ̫ˡ
ˣѪҲԵԭȡڵͻǽԲ磬񡭡̾ϢҲֻȥ嫺ɳĮһˡ
嫺ɳĮѦҲ̾˿˵嫺ɳĮȷֲаҵΪԲ磬ôȺǴϣҲĳһǰʮƾڵΪǰһٶˡ
Ҳǵҡͷ֪ƺɣԭţҲһʿǰ嫺ɳĮһĥʵΪȺǴ׼һȴΪѰһ
ѦȻ
ţų㣬һʱ䣬˵еǬԪ⣬ͻ嫺ɳĮУһ£ڲԼλǿߵĴУųҶǰ嫺ɳĮҲҪһ̽ʵӻ
ôûõϢѦ
Ҳֻģƶϳȷ̫֪ˣΣ˵ڲ֪ˣüסΪΪʳǰ嫺ɳĮĿĥʵǬԪ⣬ԵõãԵõҲĪҪڻӰ˵ġ
ʦֽѵǡѦͷȴһ˿ΪȻ
߰ɣĪҪڴ˵ضˣʦ㣬Ѹϵ嫺ɳĮڵء˵գڿնȥƮӶȥ
ʦ㣿ѦԺһ绪ٻӰ಻ֱҲǷӶȥ
ԭһﶼԭһƺɵĵӡӺѦ뿪ûãڿյһһòϣһӰȻǳϫ
֮ǰϢپϢټ۳ʶ֮ǿߣ˭ҲֲҲˣӿӺѦλǽ𵤾ʿѰ
ϣҲϫӺѦĶԻһвһ˵ԭŵĵӣҲ嫺ɳĮĥʵΪμȺǴ׼Լǰ嫺ɳĮҪ֣ҪС˻
ΪϫȤǣ嫺ɳĮУȻһµı⽫ҪϢʵĻȥײһײԵ
ϫײԵ˵ãڽڣɱʱеõһ޼ƾ飬ܹƿؾһĿռϣôȥһֱʹһΣźϧ
һˣ״Ӹ˳Сӣһıá
ϫͷʶʲôʧòѪ˰ɣ
׵ͷζһʢ磬ѾҪ̺ѬˣУҵûȥһѣȡǽ𵤾硣
ϫǺݺһ鴤кڲǿһͷɹ׽ٿҪεĻĹްʿȻһԵһɶ
ˣգգ۾
ϫޱأ
ǲԺ󲻴ˣ׷ʵ
ϫޱ飺أ
أͷıڵء

ô˵
Ժ󡭡ҪҿЦϫǴмһݺݵصһʲôѧǲѧõСһ
һЦƷѶһöڵ𣬱͸һӿź֮Ĵ񾫻֮ԼԼܿһͷѪںХߡ
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öѪڵڷһƵһ˿ɣ
öڵѾϴ̷֮󣬱֤ܰΪͥ硣˵ţְ̧ڵ˹ȥ
ϫæСУȻһۣξԭ㡣
˺ˣϽɣȥҰ׿ˡװڰ֣ʧڸڣڴѪɫɽʱҲǰѰ׿˳
˵Ц׿֮ǰѰѪҲҪ仯֮ʣ̵䱾ڵǱ˳ϫ
Ҳòóϫп׿СһﲻһһޣߵܸԼĪĻˡ
ûٵʱ䣬ϫɭѰһεĵطһ󷨣ȻУʼ̷öѪڵͥ磡


179 ֮ͥ
䣡
ϫոѪڵֻоԼɽһȵĿֲǿ񱩵۽ššȫѨϣһҪڻľʹٿȻ
ѪıڵӴ󣬱Ƕɹ׽٣ϾҪɻεȻһɻΣԪ֮ѰʿҪʮʮ
ϫϸ磬֮䣬Żͥǽ󾳽磬˿̸һ˿ֲһڶʱһͷޣҪͳͳ˺顢ٻ
ʹ
ޱ޼ʵʹ类شһͨҪȵĻٻϫ嶼زɫŤͨ죬ɢŤ
ǸһҪٴμȡڵˡçײ׵Ѹڳϫ𣬡죡죡תԪһǧҪݿǣ򶨽𣡡
׵ϫľʱָһ˿ǿڷ·Ҫȼľʹʼת׾
ͣ
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185 
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һУبǰޱߵҹڣûоͷǺɱ¾۳ɱ¾նħɱ죡


186 ɱ¾
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Ԩǲͬ嫺ǲʿڿзУԵϫʱͿǾ޴ĳǳУĶݹ⡢ӰԼʽķз嫺зȥϢϼתݺᣬͷѤ֮
嫺ôȻһõطϫпһ𱦴ܵ͵ѡ˲ǡ
̨˵Ȼʲôһţʱһ糱ˮһӿ
ҿ湻ݵģ˵̨ǧˣ㱻¾һգѪɺӣ˼֮Ҿ簡
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ɣô˵̨鲢ûǵõԮɹʿڳıŷء
ټ٣˭ֲµõٹ죬˭ʤ˭ȻһĿȻ
嫺УȴǶź̨֮ս˷ܡ𾪡̾ϢԵޱȡ
սţЩϢ̨ɫʱˢޱȣʧǣҲ಻סнǲҴҵ㡵ѣм£ҵиǣнס
ϫͷûж˵˭﷢飬¶ס̨뿪ûãϫʼ嫺
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ǰʮĽ𵤾֣Ͻûм֮ȣϽнʵƺе
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ϫٺãڶ̶̼ܽ׽𵤾𣿱ϹˣһȺǴԵμˡ
ΧȺȻ̸۵ԼϫһΣѵЩһﶼôԼ
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嫺ɳĮһЩؾϢΣգﲻȥֻҪ֪ģǶΪṩ
ţҲãϫ룬óϽ챦˹ȥ׼һңȻЩй嫺ɳĮϢù
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191 
챦¥ۺǿ󣬻ܹ챦¥ѵģһЩǸǴںպߡ
嫺챦¥ȲԨǾ¥ôֺҲǵһ֮أټϽʱ䣬Աԭȵصῡӿ嫺У챦¥νǼ𱬡
ϫսʱǰɷΧĺݴѾ£˲ʿԶǽ»̬ʮ㣬Ͷ֮¶һ԰Ϣû˭£ǰظ飬Եú
ڣʹӵһУʱƻ־׵ķΧΧĿȫ£ߣǵĿڳϫһɨܿǺʹһŮϡ
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ԣǸ໪һܳӣֻʮ꣬ڵΪ˾ֵ⣬֮ԭҲԶῡܰ
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кϷˣǸͥСʵе»ηƣóǹҰɣ
ΧȻ΢ȴ˿©˳ϫĶ䣬ҲһпʮĽʿȷпʱ
ȻҲߵĸʹӣҲŻͥΪĵݲˡ
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һۣлһʹӣüȴһĨֺζƸоԼΪԵʹӣһޱȵ顣
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ĪǡһﲢǻͥΪԼʵ
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192 Ʒѧ
ڳϫԵĺʹӷ֮ʣ챦¥һݵķУһߣһò欵ķˡʹֻ֮ԶԶվڽС̺
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ȷָΪ̺סֵ⣬ʽŰ𣬾ף˵֮Ҳ֪ļСԻͥΪӵʵȷ̾׵ͷ
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Ʒѧһͷһ˵ƷѧĪ⣬ͨõϷţɲ֮ԾȻ˵ƷѧȺǴϣضһϯ֮ء
ȷǰƷѧĪ⣬ԶЩܹӴõȻǡؽ䡷㣬ⲿ˵֮߱˴Ƹ̺һֵ⣬ȴһһĽǧҲһܹɹ֮ȣ໪ŵġ໪֡˴ѵĹ屦ѧ
˵ʱʱ죬֮ʣϫѾˣԲâʩչ绯ݷ磬ܡ
ǳȴ֪ܣ̤ΣƻԾ׷磬ٶ֮죬Ǻѷɫڳϫ绯ݷݷ
ײԵüΪʺϽսڷ֮䣬һ̤ӿһɿֲγ֮״ռ䣬ʮಽϫΧʮɵĿռѱȫ
ƷѧݣУޣֻб׸ķݶˣΧȺУһǸеޱ𾪡
ϫһݣƷѧͷҲ˵ȴһֱӴ˵˵ѧɶ컯֮ںϵһϾֻ֮һЩ֮ɲӵд˵ȴС
⣬֮ҲͬڼߣƷѧרŽõѧƽڵġƼ˽һƷѧϧƽڵ֮֮һֻЩ洫Ӳգϫ̫⣬ףƽ֮ˣ˲δϰá
ԵȷֵƷѧϲǵ֮Զ޷µɱ¾ȣɱңЦϫһʹȫʩչؽƵϣԣʱ䶸
һĨٻӰճڳУŲһ̤ƻʵٶѴﵽһֺ˵ز˲ϢϣֱͥŲһ֮
ҲζǳԱŵŵų˳ʮಽŶס壬һӢһƬŭ֮ɫһ˿Ȼ
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еˮǸˮˣԵɫҲǾ䲻ѣ粻ðβŹ˹֣ŵûݲҵŮӣʹӣתߡ
ˮתͷϫ´˳ϫһۣЦȻ߰ɣΪʾ챦¥Ǹ⣬Դȥǹҡ
Ů˵ȷһȻǵһһЦضȻʧɫһЦͱõͳɳƣ͸һ֮Ĵԣ˶УèצһѪڣ
ϫȴǾ費ѣΪܸоˮ˶ԴԼ̬ȣһЩ˵ζߣѰԼһеϸ˵
¹ӣҼҷ˾޶⣬еϽ챦Ҽҷġʱһȳȵ˹
ϫ̧һʱϳǿ᰺챦¥УԼһĵļʦ
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Сˮ˹ϵǳѵҲǴˣ
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⼸Ů֪ϫ֪ҲһشΪҲˣг㡵ˮ˹ϵͬѰٸǼӣҲй¶ϫݰ


193 
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ңлƮһζɢķ㣬̺Ȼһţоͨ͸֫ٺҲ˶˷Ʊˮϴһ飬Ⱦˬ
һյͭڵ֬ɢġ
֬ɫ̣ʯһ㣬̺Ũµ֮Ϊ֬ɵƶɣһɣҲֻƳָ׸ǴСһ֬챦¥䵱ϣȷǴֱʣ֮
õطһǧҺסһ죬ҲֵϫңһװΣҲǾ̾ѡ
ˮ˴ųϫ֮󣬲û뿪ϥһǰ̬ŵؿʼ衣
ǼʦԾ뿪˷䡣
ϫˣҲþȣǰˮ·£Ҳ˵ˮһɸеַ
С¯ɫֻӺصĻľ豭ˮտˮ˳ϫ΢΢һЦ˵ϲ㣬²ݣһҶҴӻʹдϲ裬Ѱ˿ǺȲġ
˵ţŲһ䣬һ裬ỺˮӿȪעľ豭Сʱ豭ײĲҶչʢ黨崣漴һٿȻɢڲ豭ڣɺסԳ״иɢһɴζ
ֻһڣϫ͸оתñУԪ˲ࡣ
ϽȺˣɢˡˮ˶յ裬ңңٱ촽һ
ϫҲǶ豭һҶˣȻֻоһȻӿ֫ٺÿһë׶һ̲סһ̾ϢĸоݽȪлĶһƬʡ

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Ůصģı²Сˡڰ뿪֮󣬳ϫǰ˼֮С
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Щط޲嫺ɳĮпɲ֮ĴڣΣķɱױ֮һƬǲ֪ﷶΧľ򣬳޾籬Ǻ嫿ֲ촷ɫ䡣
ŵĵطױ֮֮һɽϣ
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ҲãԽգԽĥҵʱֻʣ꣬ڴﲻǽ𵤾磬̸ʲôȥֻȺǴᶼ޷μӡһ룬ϫһƬᶨȻ֮ɫ
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194 
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Ŷˮ̽һץٱУ漴ʶһɨʱסˣò૵ѩӰ˫ᡢ׳ƤǡݡüһЩһһֵ֮͸ﶼҪֹǲԸǷҵ鰡ԽԽǲŹ㣬ͲŽСϡ
˵˵ţˮ޵ĴҲǸһ˿ĪЦݣջʮ㡣


198 ħ
·ϣϫȷ̨֣ԼȥƺҪֱǰ嫺ɳĮ̨ҲȻ뿪ˡ
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嫺УһѤĶݹ˷ƿն糱ӿǳɳ۶ȥ
ԶԶһɫݹ⽻֯һ𣬾һƬɫʰ쵵ϼӵţХţ׷գ쳣׳ۡ
嫺Ǻ󷽣ǹޱߵ嫺ɳĮ֮صĿֲڡ
ϫУǴǴֵҲԭһģʱ嫺ɳĮ쫷ŭƣɳŰһƢŭ飬ǻŭԹϤй޼ɵ޾Ļɲ֮
Ȼڣ嫺ɳĮȴð࣬Ȼɳ裬ȴ࣬Ȼ嫺ɳĮ紫һݷڡ
嫺ɳĮȻΪ֮أȴӵĵرһЩϹżؾɸ⣬ֻΪǰ̫Σգ˸С
ȴͬˣ嫺ɳĮһݷڣжװҰޣΣԴ󽵵ֻͣҪߣдһʣѰٵ󷢺ơ
ˣʱ䣬ҲͳӽУѰĥΪʱڡһЩ̶Ӷ֣֯ǰ嫺ɳĮѼϣͼ׬һʡ
ϫͿ̻֯ųȺɶӵĻ嫺ɳĮбȥÿ϶д˷ܣĦȭƣҪɽɽԽһ
ȺУΪ۵ЩԴطĽ𵤾ʿǶһǿߣǸеĺɶڿУһ󾪺֮г羴ȻҲмʡ
ϫǿ֮ǿߣϢ˿Ѧӣй֮벻𾪾ѡ
ȺӢۣưϧЩдϽ֮ʿϽȴ޼Ƿ̡
ϫ̾˿ҲʶϽнȷ̫ˣԭȵظһϡ
ֶǼλѣ̨Ҷ˵ĵӣʵҲǽ𵤾еٮٮߣλҲԭɵĺĽ𵤵ӣһμȺǴһǿߣǣҪעһЩܵˡ·ϣ̨ͻȻѵ
ϫͷȴһ̾ϱɵѰأһ㶼ʮΣգΪ˴˲һɵģûйԼ׷⣬ͬ顣
ֶǵǻ壿̨ЦЦҲû취飬ǬԪһ£ڽأɱұǵܱ֤ܰȻУȻǺһжҲΪ˽еıͼһǷֵģҲŻСһЩӦ䣬óʲô⡣
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ֶģǬԪ⣬ٲĺǫ̂һЦٳ嫺ɳĮķķɳ۶ȥ
嫺ɳĮȻݷڣȴɼΣգΪɳĮе򣬱Ī⣬ֹпֲĽƣѷ죬ǿŰУЩʿм亱ĳԽĴڣҳȺӣη
ȻЩһЩУҲһʾ޴ĲƸЩޣȡϵľѪƤëƷȥ󷢺ơЩҲ⣬о֮ء
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ϫ̨ƿշɶݣ嫺ɳĮǧ֮أһɳʴγɵʯɳϡ
ǻħң嫺ɳĮ֮أз桢ɳĮسױ֮򡭡ȵ׶֮ضУвпɥСϡޣҪ׼ҩڣᱻС
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ϫͷ⴦ħңԼʮﷶΧһɽͨڹ⻬滹һι״ĿǷɳʴγɵġ
ʯ嫺ɳĮĴɼ岼ɳŰУǺɳϫоһЩ͵ϢݷС
ﻹܲһߴɳɳɽƣϵĴգңǿҵĹߣһ˵Ƥһּڻĸо
¶ȣֱ¯УѰ˽ͱɸʬˡ
ϫȴоǳɳĮ֮У˸𣬳ȵѿյŤЩһȫϵıơ̫˫˫գȻʼ仯壬
飡
ڵȴʱ̨ǷʲôͻȻתԪǧ֮һСɳݺץȥͻȻ֮䣬Ͱһͷ޴ɳץ˳ͷɳϵϢϸ۷ʿһͽ׻֮ͥˡ
ͷɳᣬȻϸԲ˲ɳĮµʯϧûָĻͥҲǲܡϫϸһ˵
ﻹǱȽϰȫ嫺ɳĮıԵȽߵޣò񻰡رзϣ޳Ⱥӣ޲лͥԲΪһǳǧ򣬿ֲ֮һλһİ벽ֱ֣ӱΧɱġ̨п˵ʱͷɳɱװ˴﷨С
벽ǽ۷֮ϵΪϻͥԲޣӵžԵƣǧĻͥԲޣӵϣȴɱʿϵľƣĺ赲
飬һȺһȺޣȷ˲ݺӡϫһ£Ҳľѡ

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ȴӶغƻһ棬нֳһӻƵ۵ꡣ
ߴӢӢ˾ǹĴأԨsţȺס
긦һأ̨ͷȻϫʱȴüͷһ壬һ˿á
ϫ׽һ㣬ȴǲɫ
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īҲûϫһۣų̈ȥѰǬԪ⣬Σأôһ׸οԼܴ˼һĻϲ⣬ǿɾͲˡ
īһڣֱӰѳϫ׸мһˣ̸ֹ֮䣬߸ϣ̨ҲŽҲ֪˵ǿǰƣӵиһе
ģԲ˴ңһҿ˸񵣱̨ЩΣæ͵Ҳû뵽īôвɰ̾Ҳ֪ôģǵҪСӲ¿ɺˣԼŵӡ
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·ƺɵ£дһЩźǣŮܶңҶ֡̾˿תƳϫ΢΢һȴûʲô
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һ̨࣬ɫЩѿǾ䡰˭ɵȥ硱ʱһ¶֮ɫ
Ϊ֮ǰڱչس磬ͱ͵Ϯ仰ɹ£ѿ֮
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Ϊͷڵ꣬ϫѹҪ˸ҲֲȻЩһǿУǿһ
ϫעȴǱһ˫ֵˣΪоϵϢѪħڵСBһޣ
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ЩΪ˿ȷһ£˫ֵܣȻѪħ֮ɣ
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ȻһжƲ⣬ûеõȷ֮ǰҲóȻ̨飬ΪСˣǰܵС
ΪҪǣһڳϫûףǾǻʸôһ˫ֵܽһѵʸλСүѾѪħڴĳЭ
һɲ֮䣬ϫԺͷ׷ңҲǷ֮ǿ֮һһġؽ䡷һһóҪһЩȻҲࡣ
֮ﵽ£ֹ仯ġͷˡܱһһóƿ졢ء֮
Ȼ־ϫңԶҲһܴﵽҲֻЩڻĹʱڵĴߣͨһ˿С
ôһͥСӣǻʸϫӦīǿңüȣڣɽ纣ݺݳϫѹȶȥ
ϫʱоһѹ˷ӿҪԼĤݣĵĺǿ۹۱ǣǹģ죬ԿȻԼԼһ˿ɮ붨ζ
ĵϫȴŭ֮ɱӿһŰ裬һգҲҪúѹҿͷĤݣ
ʸСүһϵǳжȻң̧֣Źһ̨ʸԳϫݺ壬æ
Ŷ̨ķϣξ㡣ʸɫһ˲ʧɾβʣָֻǸӺݸ߹ģ
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ǬԪ⣬ǰһ£вֹĵرҩд˵еĸ۳ĵԪ̥̫翣õȫƾԵǵԪȴʵʵڵ䱦κֻҪõһö˲һֵ⣬ֱɶ칤컯̨ЩϢҲ֪Ǽ٣ʸʵ
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ǫ̃׿ȷϣֹǻʸīڻڻˣҲ¶һ˿ȿ֮ɫ


200 з籩
⣬ʿĸԲߣһҲ򲻳һ˿
Ԫȴκ̷֮˲һ֮⣬ɶ컯ĹЧֱ죡
ǬԪоȻŵԪϹ屦ϫҲд󶯣Ȼ
˵졢졢ϸͥؾ磬ƴԪĻôǽ𵤾֮󣬳ԪĻ̶ȣƴȴǵ⣡
ʿĵԽ࣬ʵͻ֮ˮǴߣΪҪǣڶɽٵʱվ͸󣬳ΪɵĻԽ࡭
ý𵤾ʿ˵𵤵ӣһҪȡƷʺûҪĵж١
ǻǸԪ۳𵤵ʵ塣
꣬Ǻģû꣬ƷٸߣҲֻһտӣܡ
һЩʿԵʱֻҪԶԶһԷĽֵ̺⣬ܴжϳԷΪΣʵΣȻȡԻսӡ
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ˮ֮ɳϫӺѩˮְˮ֮ԪСɣֻҪЩˮ֮СˣҲ͵ƿˮ֮
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ϫҹԳףھȺףϰġ¾֮ؽ䡷̺壬ֱʮһֵ⣬ϴ˵Ѿ߱˻֮ĴǱֻҪӴǱھ͸о裬ܴﵽĳɾͣԶˡ
£磬ҲֻǳʮһִžҪװȫ͸ȴһΪ飬ĵʱ;ҲҪԶֹ
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ֶҪСһЩǵУʵһΣգҲﲻæһУ̨һߴ
סϫͷ˼һ飬ڸղųʱƳѪħڵֵܣһֱ͵͵Լ˸أǲһЩʲô
˱ȻǸᰵ£ǸӦǰЩǱʱԼģĪǡֵѾµԼݣϫһԺãһ߰
ͬʱǰеڻڻҲ໥ţ磬ͥСӿ϶Ǹϫɣ㿴˵ţһöӰڻС
ԣڻźۼһܣעԼ֮һɨʱͿУӿֳһӰ˾ΣƮȻǸһģһ
ȻӵСӣɱѪħʮħȡϵľΪ£⵽ϵĺݺݴᵽ嫺ִǿɶ񰡣ڻҧгݴ
ٺ٣ϢŭСͶҸɱؾ͸ǿǴһ϶ֵܣһŵĵλҲȻˮǴߣܵԴڻЦɱ¶
ãٲúðգǿҪǴġڻҲЦѣ˵СʲôǱȵһϽҿҲֻһֻϣעҪֵС
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ʱ֣»ע⣬ǿǿɾʹˡڻ
𣡺𣡺𣡺𡭡ڻû˵֮ʣԶɳĮУͻȻױ޺֮񺿣ʰ쵵ֲ񷣬Ǵء
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ϫʱҲѤͷ׵ķ籩Σգ


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嫺ɳĮޱȣɳϯ쫷Ű˵嫺ɳĮѽݷڣɳĮնأܾжܹ⡣
з籩嫺ɳĮպյĿֲڣַ籩ǧﷶΧ֮Ĩκ飬Եס
λãһƬķ棬ƬǰħսʱսǿħͷʿЩħʱµĲѪȵɷ֮仯޾ɷޣǿڷ籩Уڷ籩ߴκʿֻҪ籩УᱻȺһӵϣ˺ɷ飬ɵ
ΪƬĴڣЩɷ޵ĴڣŻз籩ȿֲĶ
ڣϫ̨顢ʸһˣз籩
ʰ쵵з籩Ű߲֮ϫǷ籩ܣն˺÷飬ǿŭ޹⣬ɳĮϵɳγУÿж֮һЩǧɸߵʯɽһգ۾ͱ̵
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ϫһȥԶߣз籩ǣϾǰ·Ҫ嫺ɳĮֻƿз籩
Ȼ˿̣з籩Ѿƽ˵ƿӣҲᱻУΪ籩ƶٶ̫죬κ˶е
з籩Ĵߣ벻ȴˣǷ籩е޾һУͻᱻз棬⵽һһ޹ձɵʸɫиһ˿ļɵ
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Ϊľǣ֮ϣһɹɳɷŰţţڴ˵ħڲʵź𣬲ޱȡ
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зܣǷתķ籩һ޴ϣзС
Űķ籩ķ棬һһǿҵӾǽУ˭벻з籩УһĻڡ
𡭡һ޺ȻϫͿι״ޣڷ籩֮Уȳһǵӿֹ޵ȻֲͨĹâڷϿպХ԰˻ɱĩ
ڷУϰٸʿɢطֲڸ䣬ʩչַֿһһϮޣֱը˷Ԫͷâײһγ貴ĿĹ⻪Ѥ̻
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Ҳҵ׷״һȫ֡
Сӣɣ㣬ȥ嵽ǰߣǲ뱦֮󣬵õıҲһݣˣҲʡǡīһɨϫ߸һ˿Ц
Ƴһ۳ϫûж˵ȻҪԹۡ
ʸһЦҲΪͬī
ԣǿɲҪȥǰߣչ¶һԼʵҵǲǷģֵܶ˻ػ󣬿϶װ޿Сڻһ⿪ڡ
Ͻȥú֤һԼʵڻһ԰ǻ
ѾԼļƻҪóϫɱ֮ʣ䴢﷨ô;ֿɵˣһע⣬ϾֻһͥСһĴ﷨ڳĶеλ֮ӣ˭ϡˣ
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̨˵ȥϫ̨ЦЦĿһɨˣһЦӶߣ̤ǰ
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ڻȣ׷ŭһޱߵħȻӿ񺿣Ѫɷ죡һ̣ҲԼѪħڵݣֳȫħΪ


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˿̵ȴ޷ɢңõ廨һһΣ·˵Уէй͸һɾĶǵջ
ҲˣУƴ貨ӣ续ɷ񻣬ʥֱַвµŮ񡣵ȴҲɢңȹϸĹϣҲӿһĨ˵ĳ֮ɫɢһ޷ĽϢ
ȻսУҲܹ֮ܵӰ죬һء
ΪȫսѲѹƵҲٲҽʶ֮䣬谭ȴζû룬̶һ־˵̬Ʊš
֪ȥΪΣգΪɱԷȴǽҪսݣЭ˼
սԽԽңºθ࣬¶ļһƬһƬ˪ѩȾΣޱȡ
ŮĺҲüϢ㺹죬ģóϫҧ⣬ǿѹ
Ů֮²˽⣬ҲһֱĹ̰֣֮Ǵʱ˿̣˵ģСµӿֱҪٻȼҪѹƲסԼˡ
ˡˡУ˳֮ԽԽ죬쳹һҪĵȫͷų
е崼ζҲԽԽŨѬ
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ͬʱһɳ֮ҲӿУתݣˢľѨϣ˹̱Ԫá

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УŮҲеõĪôʱܽ磬ҽ׽֮ӵ֮һսǶϻʸīǣӦһսʤǰɣ

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Щ涼ؼ亱Ʒ׼ߣÿһ磬һۣǾѵѡ
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ƾ飬ռĳѰٵؾɸǴл˴Ĺ伮ҩ䱦Ԩ˼ĺ䶯ȴ˳ϫС
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ܵĽϼһɴʣѱ
ڱⶥȻ̾һͷͷ̬ưĻĹڡ⥡ǡţȵȣ޲Ӵۻɽ̬Ǽž̾ڱ֮ϣȴһ㵭ĮظأһµİȻ֮η
̾ᣬ죬ǰǬԪ⣬
ı⣬ɵĴСҩ䱦ԼĪĵԪǲǶУ
ϫһȣٲԥһϢسǽ貵ǬԪӽȥ
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Խ⣬ϫ͸оһεǰһƬ󺣣޷ԽǾֹģ෴ǲϫ˷ӿݺݼѹΪҲɸеһϣҲܲסɾǵĴ졣
ʱϫǬԪ⣬Ҳֻ֮ңȻƾŬȴ޷Ų˿ʱţǹļѹ֮ԽԽ񱻼ںݣһ̾ͻᱻ
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ֳ޼ƾ飬͸񱻴Ƶһ뿪һѷ죬ֱͨǬԪڲĻϫﻹҵһݣǱУʧ

ãȴȥˣ
ǲʹʲôҪ֪ǬԪܿһǿƳĽƱϣôܱƿ
޼ƾ飡϶ؼҲֻ޼ƾκνƱݣ

ڳϫƿǬԪĽƱʱ޼ƾɢĲʹ⣬ʱ˸ʸء˵ע⡣
һֱǬԪ⣬͵ǽƱʧ͵һʱȥأ뵽˱һ
쵰ϳǼһˣǸͥСӣϫ
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ϳǱ뱦ļһǳϫ֮󣬻ʸ˵ɫŭȼ޲˺˳ϫǴ˿ȴ޿κΣϾû޼ƾ飬ҲֻܵȵǬԪĽƱԼʧܽС
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ʱԶٴһܼƿ漴һݹ߳߷Ӷһϰ֮࣬һȷ֮ûٸ
ԭɰǧ𣡡
ԭϼ飡
ˮ̸磡

Щݹ֣ʸءһ¶֮ɫû뵽ڴ˵˶µһжʱóࡣ
ǬԪĸԽ࣬ԽǶ٣ɱͻᷢս˭Ը⿴һĻ
ﻹڣǸöðʸͻȻ̾Ϣһ̣ζµĺãֺαصһս
һ̾Ϣ˶УҲǵõÿ˵ͬ¿νǴܳҫ۵һǣ˭ԼΪѣȵ˼˼ǲµĶ֣Ͷ֮£ܹϷֵıȻʹӡ
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ʸԷĵǣһŻڡŶɡ赺ԿɽʿνǱǿ׳ڶʿǿһˣҲη

յ蹦һ糿ĺĵ֮䡣
ڳ޲Ȼ̧ͷȻͿǾڿеǬԪ⣬¡¡ΰ׳Ĵţ
漴һƲĹţӱΣһʺƵģأֱͨڡ
ͬʱһɺΡѹٿȻϯ֮䣬Ȼӿ޾棬ԵҽҪȼա
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ʱݹ⣬̤Ųʺ֮ţڼȥ
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˵ţһƬĥɵȣ޹֧һˮƵĹĻˮ˷Լɴ˱ܻ档
ͬʱį̄顢ءˣҲԻԼķƿնȥ
ʵֹǻʸˣڳʿУҲ׷׼ˮзƿնȥ⼤ȥ
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Ϊ˾ǣ;УһʿΪȴǱ赲⣬ǱһһƾʩչǿֶΣҲһ
ڤڤУǬԪ⳨ĴţҲֻΪ𵤾ʿԵ֮


231 Ž
ǬԪ֮ӳһۻޱȵĴ
ƿ޿ռУв񷣬Ⱥ˸дأԺʯ̾ͣϼƣľ档ڴܣŻ飬䳲һ㣬һۿжŻ
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Уڳÿ˶оķƱϴһ飬жľηŨ
Եؿ飬ͨߵ֮ʧ֮мҪУĪҪ̰ģѰ·
䣬ǶصȻƹ⻪ɢΧضʱָ֮ǰɵС
ÿ˶ʱ͸оԼһƬããռУܾĵģȴֻʣԼһˡ

ܰããһƬϼڣһϫ˿֪ԼѾ˸ˣҲõĻʸһӵϣԼ֡
ǱµĿ֮ôţϫϥأСһЩȴط֣Сһڸڣ⵽һ㣬ȻԼĻԼҲ޷ٻ
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һؿˣննɱ֣ͨˣмǣֻǰʮſɻһƷѧС嫵ٴܣƮƮ죬ȴǱӲ޸ԡ
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ϫҡҡͷԼЩһУѰѵĥµü⾫֣ʯᱻһԼʹſˡ
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235 ȭ

ϫеҲȣ˴νǬԪʿ޲һеĽǿߣǺպ֮ԼƾͥԲΪȡõĳɼѾ԰
ȻҲ΢ЩźµʮƷѧȻҲ֣֮ǰĻȻܵõƷѵĹʣµĶǱʣµģƷ׿¾ҪԲһˡ

ڳϫ˼֮ʣܰ׹ٿȻֿ˵ɢŝϼƷڳϫǰԼĪĴָСְɫ澹Ȼɢһ˿˿ĵⲨƮ죬֮
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ʵܼ򵥣ѧվΪõģĴС׻ҪߵԺʵ
˵ƷѧҪƷʸߵͣҪʲԼ
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ûеģҲֻ˶ΣеƷѧѡԼġ
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ˣ治еĻѡѩʨɴƿһɵ⣬Եʱܹ䲻⣬Ҳϫ̾˿һ
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벽ƷѧֳαƷѧн磬һָЩδƵĵƷѧ仰˵ֵƷѧֻǲƪҪƣѧΪﵽΪֲĵزҲ޷еĵ⡣
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˵ʱתһ۳ϫ۵һĨֹסĺ棬һ﾿ǺηʥֻлͥΪǵûʸضҧгݣҪɱ֮죿


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СүŭʱһȻؿ޷໥ɱǵؿ飬ȴһͷڿСӵΪ϶˲䱻ɱʱֻѹϵıˡһ⴫
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ǰʥޱȵĽУҲֻнǻʹһ𣬿ɼжôˡŴʯֹܲʿĵ⣬ܲԳ䲻ֵص⣬ֱɶ컯֮
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˵ЩصĵһԳܱһ˲ΪԼã
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ʲʯ棬͵طһֳһĻ֮Ļ档


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ʸϥһ̣ʲʯ棬ȻһƬɫ̫δʱҹɫûǳûй棬ĺڣµĺڣԶԶһǺɫܰ˵궼ȥһԵ֮
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ϥصĻʸȫԡǺɫ⻪УͷϣٿȻðһ貶Ŀϼ⣬ʲʯУΪ޾ɫеһĨ㡣
̫飬촹ʾףʯҫϼԹȻģʲʯֵϼʿĵ⣬һϼʹһֵ⣡˾žԵ֮
ԶԶȺ󷽵ĳϫףʲʯֵһϼ⣬ʹŻʸһֵ⣬Ǻֵ⣬ǴСȴǿȻ
ݡ
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źǣˣҲûܳʮֵ⣬Ҳֻоֶѣ⣬Ѿʧȥ˻һŵԪʸ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ʣ³ϫǧ顢硢Լ˻ûвԣ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳˢˢϡ
˵˰ǧ顢λµһϣڳϫ룬һǻͥԲСһһòͨĬĬ֮Ȼ޷ǧ
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ϫ񿴵Ϊʸһ仰˺Եİǧˣ϶һ˿ײŭ֮ɫ룬ȴһľͷһƶΧһжĮģԵƽ֮
ȤӹɺǿǧҪԲһ϶ԣֵñעĶ󡭡ϫ˼ԼԼã벢򵥡
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ĵϼնʮʱûˣΪڳ˶ѱסˡ
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ԽѦԽīˡԽغ飬ԭеһĻʸѹĽ˭ܲ𾪣


238 
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ԳȻ鴫ʸЦֻЦЩǿȻǿѹһͷҲΪζ
򵥰Ů˺±ƺҲѶáϫаԸпѣܺ棬ڴˣܱԳĽ
Եǰǧ飬ͶʱΪľһһء
ܿ˶ʮֵ⣬ɲ˻ʸһҲвϸϸҲֻء൱͸˵ڵһˡ
ȴһ̾ҲԻеơ
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һӵʮֵѦѾǱǰ֮⣬ԵһŵԪĽˡ
ѦɫüΪѿǰǧһ̳֣ǰλþԻԼһϯ֮أΪĽڣ֮ҲͿ֪ˡ
ʮֵ⣬Ӧī˲࣬ϧǰŵѾˣҲ֪ܲɱȥϫҲаš

һŲϸ΢ŵУȴʱڳ˼ˣ̧һȴòͨĬĬŵڳʲʯȥ
ͻȻʶ˻ûнвأ
Ҳǻ©˳ϫ룬ϾһΪֻлͥԲһȴԣ̫ͨâɡȻһܶԣ˵ȷױԵ
ǰϫвһΣԭԼϵģȴû뵽һһ
һﻹģǰѾ嶤ˣȥвʲôã
ɱСˣһڵһؿɱ˵ʮһƷѧ˵һء
ߣ羪ˣˣûƺɵĺĽ𵤵ѦˣܱȵùѦ
ˣǿ԰ɣǸͥСӲ꣬Ҳȥؿ֮ء
˵۷׷ףһľګı飬Ĭϥʯ֮£Ŀ
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˵һĻˣ븦һ£һϼ񷢷ƵĴͷӿʯ档
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ȼʮֵ⣬ȫԽīˣԼصˣʸֻһֵ⣡
һȫʱȻ˲㶼Լ۾ֻһͷСӾһƥ
ʸһȴǿʼһδκԼ
ء顢ǧ˵ɫЩɲͬʸһҲɿ˼ڣһʲôʱһ˵õţ
ī˵ɫʱĳ֣ǵҲ᧿Σ⣬УȻᱻ̭һĽκһԸ⿴ġ
ʮأٰأǧͣΪľһ£ģһƷѧӵ˻һŵԪʸμȺǴᣬעʣȫʿ𾪣
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ֻ̣Ϊһοأϫû̾˿һ˿øеȻ޴档
ϫСӣ㻹Ÿʲôƾ˷Ѵҵʱ䣬㵣𣿸ϽвԣʱͻȻŤͷõؿųϫߵ
ؿڣʸīˣҲǷ׷ЦѣϫĿУ޲͸źεĿ̹ǳޡ
⿼޷ֻ֣ɱϫˡ
СӺ˲˰
Χ˵۾һһֳϫͻʸ֮䣬һλⲻޡ
ǲɸеһ棬СӲֻͥ磬ܵôһǿߣأ
ҲһȣԭΪϫֻǵ˻ʸˣ뵽ȻһǿҲˣ
һﻹȤԳϫˣ֪һͥΪļһδôһǿлڵģҿӻú
˸ָĿ⣬ϫɫɨ˻ʸһۣĬȻǰʲʯǰأʼնû¶һ˿ӣ߷ŭһƵģ
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239 ⾪
ϫʲʯ֮£ûʿע⣬Ͼ˭ҲţһԼΪһ󾳽ĻͥСӣ˻
졣
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ҪôƲǾſŵԪ̺Ǻֵ⣬ǴСⶼǼΪȤĻ⡣
֮ܶһеԵĳϫ˴˹עĴڡ
ϫ˿Ѿ˲ںЩ۾һɲǣʲʯӿɢĺɫӿʶС
һ̣оһת֮䣬һƬУ绹û飬ûأһжԵûججδʱĺ״̬
Ȼ͸ܵ޾ϢţţָǺӣûһͬġ
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˵̫֮ǰһƬδ֣ز棬֮Դ֮ͷʲôûУֻдµĵšѵھ籾ԴĻôϫܣ޾𺳡
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ƬУճϼ⣬ࡢࡢƣֱŽľˮִϡ
ֵβΣѭݣһԲ̫ĝȦϼ䣬硣
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һϼӿ֣⣬һ֣ٵʱĵһȻ֮䡣

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мֵȻศɵĴڣ仰˵ֵ֮ȻżΪеϵǱ뿪ģ
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ʿܰЩܵĵգҪһֵӳҪ󣬶ԵⱾʵҲΪ͸
нһϵ׼ֻЩУŻֽܵĹ
ںϺĵⲻͬһԵⱾԴ֮ĹϵȻ޷ĵĴڡ
СӾȻִ⡭ǻͥʿ𣿡
ศɵĵ⣬Īдˣӵ֮ߣԹھ£˸񣡡
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۾һģʱǲ͵ط֣һԼԵĻͥСӣ֮ߣѳڳÿˣ
֮ԻôΪִС
ΪʿԣͼΪѣСҪʵĲܹͬġ
ٸ򵥵ӣڵɾǿ߶ɽʱһҪʮСɽʱİҪ󣬶ȹٵļҲߣƿش
ִСղֱʲʯ̽Сһ֮λ벻һﾹȻһִ֮ߣֱʦֶѶá
˵֮ǰԳϫֻǺĻѰֵӵĶϫľ˱֣ԼĴʦ֣ǸΪˮ̸ǧҫ۵š
ʦڱչأΪȺǴ׼һܽ׽𵤾ĻлȺǴ֮ϧһΪ̫ˣǽԲ磬ܹʦдһһ˵֮׽𵤾磬μȺǴᣬֻҶӮˣʦֽˡаԸ̾ѣΪźϫΪ̫͡
ͣʸȴһɫУϫһʺϣʵֵһɹһĻȴʲʯǲǻ˵뷨
ִôܳһĻ쵰ϣ
ߣ
ԼʮӮķͷһ˲䱻ϫȥжʱӿһɲĸоȳӬܡһߣͼһЩ˵ע⣬ϧʱ˵˼ڳϫϣ˭˵
Ҳʹϫˡ
Χ룬ʲʯϼȴûȻʧļ˺Ȼǣֵ֮ٴֵͬʱ֣
һĻʲô
ųϫִ
죡ǴðĹִ̥ϻײеˣ̲ס𺳣ʧ
δڣǽӲ𾪵ɫȴ¶ǵҲǲ޷ƽ
ΪǵҰУʲʯϣϼڲϵس֣˵ŵʮܿѳԽѦﵽʮϼ֣Ѿܹīӵ˲ˣ
Ȼһлûꡭ


240 ȫ
ƬɵУϫԼֵ⣬ͬҲԼص⡪֮
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ȻΪһжʱٴһϼӿ֣بء
һϼƵΡ룬ӯأУ̻ͨڰסαƶȻڰȻ
һϼϫһ
еУԺȻǳģҲֻӵܵܳ껵ĺȻУƷԹһ˿ȻζȻȥȴ˵Ϊִڴʥ֮ţѰнĴзʽȫͬ
仰˵ʥ֮ͷšħһ׷ѰĿͬʽȴǲͬиɫ˭Ҫ򣬾ܲġ
ݳϫ֪ܵܳΪȻʦڤ壬ǣ־žʷʥظһɲӵĺȻ̶֮˺Ȼһ˿У֮ʹ࣬
Ȼ⣬벻ҵĵڶص⡭һĪǶһйأ
ϫڽǬԪ֮ǰԼɷħسһʯ£һӯźȻ̵ǱϢг˥֮к쳾̬֮ζʷ棬֮ǣһ˲ڣ֮Ǩ֮
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ȳϫףһϼƿնؼ䣬һƻ裬ڰ֮ĩҹ֮ǰĳ֣ﶼ˹УսһУΪһ
һϼȻս
ϫ͵һݣǵãڤ¼λش˵ս֮ħ¼ɣһؽ֣֮λشҲպ޶ɼսħУһ̵Ľɡ
Һãֻص⣬ֻҪҲȥӦòᱻ˲ϫаοԼֻǻͥΪЩ߸ϵħֱ϶磬Ļȥս
ս֮ؼһƬݵĳУûϼðˣĽѾϫ⡣Ϸ֮⡢Ȼ⡢սص⣬ӵʮֵ⣬ȡһŵԪҲ嶤顣
ȻϲԷҪϫһЦΪһεĲԾҪʱƬУ˷Ȼӿֳϼǧ飬ֱһȺȺөһأ
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ϫ͵زʶŵغͼƬΪһĲӿɢؼ䣬ϼӵ֡
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Ϊһеı仯ƿأϲָо
һ죬һҪȫƿغͼƬܣѷҲ͸ΪԼãһʲôضûС
ϫаη񣬶Լƿصĸоĸеܡ

ʮֵ⣬Ѿī˦ںߣ׷ء顢ǧˡ
УȻһ˵ĿʲʯϱӿֳĵϼѾﵽʮ֮࣡
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һĻīӵ˵ɫǱѿԼȻһͥСӳԽˣ
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󣬵鴫磬нĺ䶯
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ʱ򣬾ǽԸĻʸˣҲ촽̲סսƣֵ֪ܶĻǾԻһʱɱ˳ϫΪǺȷƾ˿ֲ츳ɳ˵ͷ󻼣
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ϫ۾ĬĬվ壬ƻȻûע⵽ΧĿ⣬ԹԻصԭվƫƧ䡣
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ڶؿԵǰ֮˵ֻʲʯ棬ˣÿ˿ɻһŵԪĽȻ֮䣬ǵϺ嫵쳹ڴ֮Уصݡ
ˢ
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241 
ʲʯ棬־йӵ׭֣⼤䣬ȻϵУŵڶؿǰ֮ˡ
𺳵ǣǵһλã磬Ǻϵĳϫ֣
ֻԼ֪ô£ȻҲʮֵ⣬ʮֵУȴִֻԶԶ޷ϫִ࿹⡣
൱ƴľˡ
⻹ǳϫչֳִֵ֪ǴСȴһա
ΣϫԾӵһǲʵ˭޷Ĩݳɼ
Ⱥ󷽣ϫԼеһȴûжϲãǹͷʵ޷ѹȫ»õһ಻Ҫ鷳
ϫһڶʿֱǻʸ롢ء顢ǧ顢Լ
֮ǰǰīˣΪͳϫĳ֣˰֮⣬仰˵Ƕʧȥ˻õԪʸ
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Χ˿һĻҲ˶̾Ϣѣֵöʧζȷܰĥˡ
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һڳϫǰŵʿͷΪһöȭͷСͨ徧Ө͸ĵҩݡ
ⵤҩĪĵƣһϸ˿Ľɫ֯һܵͼͼһַoһ㣬ѹڵҩܣɢɶеķ
ϫһ۾ͿҩЩɫյķ֮ʵʣɶ컯ܹȡ⣬ڵҩ֮С
ȻſŵҩǵԪˣҲǴ˵̷֮˲һֵ浤ҩ
н磬ÿһŵԪһȷѪ꣬νޱȣ޼֮
֮ԻˣڵԪ̫ϡ٣ЧҲ̫졣
ֵҩֻЩΪȡԼĵ⣬ӡڵҩ֮УܳɹƶÿһֵҲֻƳһţһҪĵɵһ˿ѪԪˡ
ҲˣһûĸԸԼĵ⡢ѪȥƵԪ
ſŵԪֱᵱʱƿصִСЦɡھſŵԪֵʱһϺ嫵Ҳ֮𵴴þò
ִСֻǰܻһ̺ĵԪֻܻ̺СĵԪˡ
ԣΧ˶ʱ׹ϫ硢ʸĿж͸ۺ֮ɫǺŵԪ̺źִ
ȻźǣǳϫˣˣСһУѵԪʢŽУû̷ֱҲûֵܿԪ̺ĸֵ⾿ʲô
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͵ؾҡһԭ̻Ի͵ıڣȻأֻоǰһڣһ̾һտĻҰС
ƬҰȺǸҰݱ鲼ûзҲûκϢԵŻ֮
һ˲Ǵгڴ˵أ˶һŲܣΣգŶԳ˿
ؿУһľ汦һͷ޵ĻǿʵߣǰĪûѡ
տĻҰУǵϺ嫵ٴ𣬡ʿԵˣһӺԵȡ˴УҲ磬ץʱ䣬ܻô˼̫Եᵱźӡ
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ĸ֣͸һ޷ܵջڳ˶ʱը˹һܵԽĿиɫ¶ɨܣھĪҪԼᡣ
𣡡
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⥣
ĹʱĿֲޣ
Ȼ֪Զͷޣֻ⥵һ꣬ȻǻɢϢ֮ɾǿ߶ѷɫֻԶԶһ޷Со
Ӵ֮һаɵ̨Ĺʱĸ̨ͨɢϼ⣬ڸ̨ɫϼ̫ҫأһ
ò˾֪һǱ˿еġ汦ˡ
𣡡
ʱͷٴһ죬һѪƵͫȻĿͬѪɫ绮ն˻䣬һ޷ƵĴֲ
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ΪֻԲ磬Լ߳󾳽ĻĹޣаûС
ףǰؿ飬һβ飡
ͷڸ̨֮࣬粽룬ҵȾͬһ㣬ʤ㣬ܻǼ汦ɫѿ
ͷֻһƻǣ͵ϵɾǿߵʵҵȶԣȷǵһ޷Խȴʹ˰֣뱦ɽջزҵķҲҪƴһѣأӲͷƤš
ж󣬲һԣô֪ǲװǻƣֻǱ˶ǵһֲԣҲ˵˸
Щ۷׷ףʸȴǻһۣղ˴˶˶Է⣬źۼشܳϫȥ
ʸīӶ࣬Լ赺Ӵ࣬λʦܴӱ࣬ӺѦλƺɽ𵤺ĵӲϲ࣬ϫ󣬳ʰԲΣΧܡ
ֻһǰ·ϫǰ·ͷĹ⥵ķ
ζԶЩ˾ҪڳϫˣǾϵıͱǰ
֮ܶڻʸУϫϵıػľ汦ͬҪǾϴ˵ɱϫ߱Ļġ
ڳ˶Զ⥺䱳İɸ̨עֻȼ˷ֳϫĴѾ츲صı仯
ȼˣ硢ǧ顢ȵȡ
ϫΧɫвͬ˼ڻʸ˶ڣȴû˭ȥ֡
ϫϵһĻһɫƽԲ
Ѿ֣ؿУεĽȻڣʸֻܳ⥶֣ȴ޷Լ֣Եޱȣò̾˶ԽƵãֻѴﵽ˷˼ĸ߶ȡ
ҲˣȻûԼı仯ֻǽżԶͷ⥣һɻͷͬΪĹޣô׿һԻȴأ


242 ֮
ɸ̨ڲؾرȻһ̣ȴû˵ǰΪͷֲ̫죬ȵǿߣû˭ɵԼЦ
ǷȻԵȴʵʣһʱ֮䣬˶ʼԲߡ
һӵϣͷһֲȻƾֶΣȡرλΪΣԭɵİǧͻȻڣܡ
ԣڳ˶ǴΪ⶯ˣҶһԸͷ⥣ȡرļɻࡣ
Сүһ￴ҪķͷһɨǧЦ
ߣͷֻ迴غСӾ㹻ˣһϵǺѷɫǼ汦ʸЦ
ΪȻͷٶ˵
ʦ˵ûȡǼرʱֻһӣһӺ⴦طͻʧҵҲʧ˵ȻԵһѣͬУΪ֮ѡԭϼҲǸͳ
⡭
Χ˼Ҳվеԥ֮ɫ٣Щ˸¶ԾԾ֮ɫ
Ҳ޳ڡ
Ҳͬ⣬˵ж󣬲ðգܵõ䣿
ҲΪģ뱦ɽջأǿɾԵ̫ˣ
ãͰհֵ
ģȥƴˣ
ҲǴӦֶԵУڳҲסˣ׷׿ͬ˰ǧӪС
ֻȼ֮䣬˻ʸ˺ͳϫʿѱǧ顢£һγһµӪ֮ڣεΪ׳ۡ
Ժ̬е룬ҲǼС
ʸСүҶͬˣǾΣǧԼһһȡЧвһ־ȴֵȻĿһɨʸˣʵ
һĻǿǧ֮䣬ʸٵɫҲһΪ˳ϫϵı˿̵䣬ӦʸŶԣֵǧԼָֻţ
ҡʸ˼Ƭ̣˵
Ȼھܾǧ㼴ЦΪʸСүҪҪأ
ȻǧҪ֮⣬ƵûʸԼͬһӪСνˡ
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ʸüͷһ壬״˼ȴǲȻŭ޲˺˰ǧ쵰Ҽ밲ǧӪƣˣڼ֤һʸ쵰һͷ
ϫһĻȴЦˣ֪ԼĻˡ
ҲͬһԿͷ󣬲ֿ֪ɷ£ϫͻȻڵ
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ԭע⵽ʸͳϫ֮ϵ죬оʸǶԳϫϵһЩ־ڱصáȻҲǼΪ棬ʲôûʸǾر˲ãҲҪסϫ
ȻлӳϫϹϷһЩôҲôܰѳϫԼӪ»
ϫЦЦȻǧԼ̬ЩֻҪʱѻʸˣҲ˲ôˡ
οֻҪȺУ˶ӣҲ㿪һЩҪ鷳ˮҲǲܡ
һĻʸɫǱĿ֮£ҲΧ£ܲˣֻųϫ߽ȺС
ãҵҲӦҵͬн֮ˣԵ໥ӦѹءϵģʸɫһȻҲӦ˼밲ǧӪС
ȻǼõģλѵļ룬ҵ绢γȡǼرǧЦܹѹƻʸһͷǧаˬѡ
һĻȴóϫһ֣ⰲǧôѡʱʸǣѵͲ⵽
ôġʱϴһĹȻݺƵöϫ̧һȴ֪ʱǶˮ̸ŮԼߡ
ΪʲôϫüʵȴǷɿ˼ѵŮҲͬʸ̰ͼԼϵı
ֻеˣҺ֪ѹһͷļһǸˡ
γ䣬˲²Щʲô߿߿ûʸǣгһβСĿһҸӺˣΪֻлͥڻʸ˵Ƥ»ڵģ
޷ش㡣ϫ룬˵
һЦؾ󺬰ʢĺɻ͸һ޷ֿоҾ֪ô˵ֻҪβеǻ˽㡣
ϫаһ̾ٶ˵ͨݵĽӴѾоŮ˵Ѳ̶ȿ±¶ѶãԼϵһЩܣ鷳ˡ
ˣȻҴӦһͬУǾͿʼжɣǵʱѾˣǧȳ
˺ȻӦŵ
˼ʽķƿնһŰɷΧɫʰ쵵ϼһػİɸ̨ȥ
ݡ
ݹƿգ˺գٵһʿʵΪ˵ãз޲ǵؽˮ׼֮ϣһȫ֮ƴϫǿ಻ѡ
𣡺𣡺
ޣϼɢ߱ȼɽЩӬƵʿҳԼӿǱŭһ羪ըգɲɷ֮ȻʮأΪ֮ɫ䡣
ɢͬȥƾ¶ᱦӴаɾʱǧ͵شȳ
ԽԽǿҸܵͷɢԭһɢɳݲݽˣҲֻΪһ̣ػش壬޵Ĺ࣬Ȼûɸ̨Ǽر
ǲͻˣܶ㿪;㿪˭Ϊ⥵ĹĿ꣬û˻ںҲô˵ù
ǵģ˲ݲݽˣֻΪһ̣ѡһù⥵ĹĿ꣬Ϊ˴ȡرʱ䡣
Ϊ֮ǰľ棬û˭ǿԳͷһ޲ŶںߣȥȻû֡
Ȼʱȴֻһӣֺȥͬû˭ģҲˣǧĽŻ˲õϿɡ
ಡԭȺĶ飬Ȼɢ˷ĺϼ޲ƿǸߴɽػɸ̨
𣡡
ڰǧ𺰻֮ʣͷһһѪƵͫ˲ñ֮ɱ¶ϼȣ׵ǺХһ㣬̧мʮɳֱۣգݺһҶ¡


243 
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һ£ֲĻӿΪɫ棬ɽǶ¡
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ʱô˻ᣬѾϰʿƿӴɽʼɸ̨ϳȥ
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ϫҲУȫշ֮ƾ绯ݷٶҲǿھףѷɫˣҲоյس嵽ǰɸ̨ķΧڡ
ˣǰɸ̨ģҲ˺¶ӳУа֮ߣͨԲɱӲĺʯɣͨ巺İϢ
ڸ̨ϼһţͬһָգ۶ĿӿɢȻɬϢǼ汦ߣ
֮ܿ˶ݹͣ٣ֱǸ̨ȥ޲һʱȡǼر쳣ҡ
ڵһĲ硢ǻʸЩһһǿߣ˾Ȼ룡
һīʮɿϱڹܣâ绡˸һ˾պʱĽޣ˲Ϣڸ̨ٶ֮죬Զһأ֮
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ȻֻĹޣʵ֮ǿ߶ѷɫҪõ˫ֹѶݵģ
Ҳˣ˿뱳֮ʱŻ𾪣ΪǶԾһԳеľƶɣ
ѵǼ汦ҪУϫһУҲǲǶԳ򷨱ĲͬѰ
һʸҹʱڻʸıУһӲӵηƿնηƽ籡ĲԵ⻬м䣬ٶȾǱ֮Ҫһ֣
乥Ķ󣬲룬ǰɸ̨
һ˲䣬ϫ˻ʸͼƬбһνƣ֮޷໥ɱҪֹᱦɸ̨ݻٵѵѡ
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һ̺޾ŭȻ𡣲֪ʱתɸ̨Ķѣƺ׼ŭ׳ޱȵ˫ۣ˫ƿ֮䣬ɫŸɫӿƣߺҶ
춯صĽɫ棬ݺύǵأ콵۽𺣣װ˻𣬾ĶǣضΪ֮
һ̣ǻʸˡǰǧ顢ˣ޲ɫ䣬ܵǿҵΣϣԶݶӣ
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һ˲䣬ڱŭ⥹£ʮʿɫ֮У֮ң˶ľս׹ߡ
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ղųɸ̨ǰϰʿһȥʮˣʣʮˣҲд뱻ŵðԶԶӶԶǲԼˡ
һֻʣ»ʸһǧһԼͳϫҲʮˡ
ҵǣ⥲ûٳ߹Ť壬ʿɱȥϫһΰ֮ıӰ
棬ʿѲȻУڳϫʮˣ˲ҪӺɱĶ
ԭͼܿ⥣ϫ˵ĵطȻһɱʮʿʱҲ׸еˣԶԥӻƴһѡ
ʱϫѹ˲ùעЩ⥲עߣָǴһζȡĻᡣ
ΪܵǣǼԿ״رԶԶھ֮ĵϣֻҪٶȹ죬⥷ӦҲȫñԶݶߡ
ᣡ
͵ľѻᣡ
۾һ֡
ȻʱǵҰУһεӰͻأسǼԿ״ǰֱƾճֵһ̽־ȡ˵Դľ汦
ô
ģôСӣôкҪһţ
Сʲôʱģ
ǵӰǳϫȡ߱һ汦ʸ˶òѪ޲ðѴǧУ̻ˡ
Ϊ֮ǣؼ䱻˲һνƣҪִӳϫرﶼܡ
뵽⣬ʸвһ󰧺쵰ĹʺҲ̫˰ɣñﲻ˵춼һֱڰͲԼɱ˶ᱦĻᰡ


244 ̫֮Կ
ϫоԼϵڱУ⣬Ǿϲ
ޱŭʱ˼ԶԶȫû뵽ǼԿ״رֱسԼ߷
ǧѷĻԵ˵ɺϣȴײˣȷ콵ḣûʲô
ΪϫϲǣץסԿ״һɲǣԺУǲϺ嫵ٴ
˱Ϊ̫֮ԿǴ̫ز֮صΨһţأ̫ʮ괫֮顢ҩܡУСѻôز֮Ϊ̫ͽ̳²ؽ̫֮ϻҵˣᵱЦӡ
̫֮ԿȻǿ̫ز֮صԿף
ϫһԼǬԪһ·ѹõıнʮ̫Һؽ׽ɵ΢ϡޱȵĸֲϡ
Щֵ˵ıУжϳ̫ʵжֲο׻˵̫ɽŴ󣬾һ׼ƷԼűɽɵĿֲǿ߽붼ȥ޻ء
ɴ˿̫ĵ̺ʵжֲˡ
̫ʮ괫֮ز֮أڱȻ洢ž˵ı˵û̫֮ԿȷǾ汦磬»н綼ɣϫаԾ̾ѡ
ؿǷǳɰתͷգնȥֻأ̫Եʦͽ顣
ʱϺ嫵ٿȻӴ쳹֮䣬͸һɻѵζ
ԣڳ޲ɫһţؿˣǼر˭У
ֻлʸʮ֪ϫ˴˴֮̽õӮң
ӽǬԪ⣬ѹεڶŻڵĸֱؿлһƷѧһŵԪԼһԿ״汦ĸԵ˭˵Ӯң
𡪡
ǵϺ嫵ߴɽޣ˻У͸һŨŨıͲᣬڳ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
䣬УʵȵɾǿߣһɱʮŽʿ⥣ѪƵͫᣬȫϼɸߴ˲СһŴ۽⣬һɫ
ԼԼԿǽɫ֮Уһͷ٣۵ͯӣϥü֮һƬ֮ɫ۵ͯȻ
նȥֻأ̫Եʦͽ顭ؼ䣬صݡ
˲ףԼղޣȻǱյһλͽܣʵǳϡ
ƻĹţͻǧ
᳤ס
յʦҽ̻
ҵء
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ʦģж㡣

Ϊ̫塣
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ɫУһ峺һһ䣬쳹ʮءͯɫ͸һ޷ĥļᶨӣ͵ӿ޾ܻڻʧؼ䡣
ѽֻС
˿һĻжһ޷ţʦ𣬾һͷ޶ģ
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ĪأϫһΪ̫Щʲôǿҳ嶯ûΥԼ⣬Ѿгһգ̫ԡش֮У࣡
ףôˣ
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ͻȻ֮䣬֮䣬ӿһĨĨɫ棬ǽɫУղеʿȻһ˹ǰ
ԣղǸûȥֻǱԴͨ
ԭؿͲ˰벻ⱦ˾Ȼլʺ˾
ǰλǰ±⣬п飬ȴǵԵˣ޼Ӻ֮ģн磬ȿɾ̫ѵˡ
ĴȺͷ緶Ҳֻȹؽ󣬲ܸлޣţĻм
Щȥͬ³ǰڳڶʿ̲סһ̾жԱ˵˸޾Ľ
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ʲô飿ѵǬԪҪ̮ʧ
֮ʣһĨ֮⼤ЮˣɿʧƬ֮䡣

ǬԪߣгɰǧʿפԹۡ
֮УǽʿϧǬԪ⿪ʱһҲ޷УʣµһСʿҪôǻͥΪҪôΪͬ޷ǬԪ⡣
ȺУ̨Ȼ
ǬԪ⿪ʱŻʸһ˱֮ڣͨ˰ŽȻڽһŻʱ˶˳룬ȴһͳ˱⡣
۲ãŶʱףܹǬԪʿΪڽ𵤾磬ܸҲܵͣҽŽ֮ƫǲܽһŻġΪͿԼһĽ𵤾꣬ͬŽڵһŻ˱֮⡣
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Żʸ˴ӱܷԼһЩΪƾԼеıͼʸ˲ܽ뱦֮У˳ưŽİأ뱦ġ
ԣһֱڵȴ뿪
̨˼ͬǬԪʿ֮Գٳٲȥһǲ뱦ɽջأһȴǱɱ˶ᱦͷ
ܹǬԪΣ֮󣬰ɱˣѱͬܵõڵı
ԣҲһֱڵȣȽǬԪʿȻһЩ˵Ĺ
ӳϫ˽ǬԪ⣬ֱ˿Ѿȥʱȴû˴г˵ȵòͷʱ򣬺¡¡һװӰǬԪдֱѶĤ
˾ͿǬԪı棬ͻȻѿŤѷ죬ɺѵأպȻǬԪ⳹׻˹ҳأǱɵˣƵ˶ˣΨֱûС
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ɳǺûͷˣֱĹ̳һ۾ֱԼ۾
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ѵַʲôʣ
Щ뱦أѵҲűĻɥˣ
ɻӿͷ˵ɫǱþɲֱ˿̣أԲǬԪ̮һա
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˾ɲʱһŭļ͵ػգ쳹أ漴һӰ𣬾Ȼ롣
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ĪǬԪڵһһСϫļһõˣ
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ڳ֮Уֻ̨֪ϫǺηʥԵ֪ϫȻõǬԪһ汦ʱɫʱø֮
뵽ŮһֱԼ嫺ɳĮ꣬Ȼӵ˴ĸԵ
һ뵽ԼϻʸˣһɱϫҪϵɱ̨оһڡ
һڶһɱͬʱָԵǱ꣬ǻǸ
ףȻһҿһƷѧһŵԪģɱɱȻѱ
ԣҲǵһ룡ϻһ֮Ҳǲɶõĺһ
ŭһ̣ٴݹȥǺȻǽǬԪڵЩһʿ
Ǹһ룬չ˽ɱж˵Ǻޱȡ
һĻԭǬԪɱ˶ᱦˣҲһ໽ţɱȥ
棬ʱûҲ
̨ûж֣ܣ૵ʸСүǲҲˣϫأ˿


245 ׷ɱ
ϫܡ
ںյͷ֮绯ݷʩչ£һ͸ļ磬ãã嫺ɳĮӱٶ֮죬˲Ϣǧɡ
Χľ︡Ӱǰӹٶ̫죬һ·ӳеľԶŤһ½ĹӰ
òӣǬԪбͳ֮ԭΪһ񵽸һؾͷ֣ʸءˣȻԼĸ
ǧ顢ҲڸԶ
һ˻ãϫҲ֮һս
һȺˣһȺһĽǿߣ
ЩһﻹԼ֮ǣбɱ֮ģ״Ҳֻѡܡ
ಡ
һ̶ƿϫûͷ֪ʸҧԼߣиԼĴ֮
ϫ֪ЩΪƴ
Լϵıʵ̫ˣڤ¼аһ߱ļֵ
ǬԪУԼѹ˽ʮ̫ҺһؽƷɵĽԼϡϡЩļֵһ˷ˡ
οڱؿУԼһ벽Ʒѧȭһ̺дĵԪԼһֵԶκ̫֮Կ
Щͳͳǿ߶ᴹ֣Դ͸˵ʸˡ
ΪΪʳԹ񶼵˲Ƶ
ϫԼĴֵزֻ֪ҪץסԼҲѲƤϵıҲϤϴһգ־޷ġ
Ҳˣʱһ̶иȫ񾭽ҧأ˵ľ񶼴ﵽ˿ǰδе۷״̬
Ժѩһ侲ɵ˼Ӧ֮ߡ
ʸǶн𵤾ΪֻҪӵ㹻ĵҩԪһֱԼ׷ɱԼҪٶҵȫ֮أһݽߣԼͳ׸ᣬǡ
ӣɷħسױ֮򣿻
ϫүһλᣬԹͣѱϣҿһץסֹ㣬ҲҪһᣡ
ڳϫ˼֮ƵʱشʸɭȻ֮еɱ㣬¶š
ϫȴţأͷۣͣĺۼв;ΣԲС
ʸһ仰ȴ޾ɱ׻˵޹ʸΪвԼͶȻɱԼѵͷֱﲻ⣡
ߣӵ˺ӲӵΣѵ֪ݣֻץסѣ㻹Թ־ܣ
ʸɭȻٴδԣϫеɱȻڣ޵ľѵвԼˣϣֻеܵôһףʸץסɱ޷ԭԼ

ϫһ׼һȫۡ
˿Ѿʲô룬ֻһͷ̵ʱڸϻ̳ǣΪܵܳؽĳϻҵҲͬ
Ȼȴˣ嫺ɳĮɽԱߵ̳ǣҲʮ֮ңҪͣЪؼ̳ǣΪͰ첻
ǽ׽𵤾磬ܹ鵤֮Ԫʮ·;Ӳһ룬¾Ҫĵ
ʱĳϫȴʲôѹ˲ˣƫִһӡ
ԭֻһԼĵܵܳ껣

쵰ҪҪ
׷ڳϫߣʸϫԼĻţеŭ䱩ǣ޲ץסϫ֮󣬳ƤѪ⣡
СүĪļСֻͥΪҵȣֻӵ㹻鵤һֱԪӯԪľʱ򣬻ǵùԹ־ܣ
سοһϮ̤һˮĳ̤ͬŲ˷ӣٶҲޱȡ
ʵֹ顢īˣҲ߶Լķзٶ֮죬¡
ǳϫ绯ݷں˷֮յ⣬Ǳ׷ˡ
ˣǶԳϫɶݵٶɸеľѣһﻹֻǻͥ磬ӵķɶ֮Լ˶ֻܽ׷ںߣϣ׽𵤾磬ǻ˵ã
ֻ֪ЩˣСӼֱһƵģܾƫƫּãɱպһʳѰʸҡͷ̾
ԣҲ¶ΪȻı飬ԻʸĻΪͬ
Сүǧ顢Ҳ׷ǺߣǲֽҲΪ鷳ͻȻü
ʸ˸ȻЦȲǣʱʲô״ҲֻɱˡشҲԸ⿴ϫϵıһݰɣ
ǵȻ˺ԥ
ǾͲǣƾǵɱҲǴ´ģǷǳ˱֣ߣΪ˱Ҳ˲ˣʸһУɭȻ˵


ϫֻо죬ƣ˾մˮ̳ʬһÿһ缡ʹ
ȫʱ䣬ǿǣҲгԲټûззƾɳۣҲǾ֮
ڻƣԪĲģʱ񣬵ڵԪʣһɲַɳٶȣòһʱͻȫݽһա
Ѫӿȴ㶯ãһ̱ãһãԼٲ֮أĻ˴εӱҲûʲôˡ
ҵǣѾ嫺ɳĮڸղţӹ᰺ǵķΧƣֻټһ죬Եִ̳ǡ
ʵϫҲֻ֪ҪԼ˿̸ı䷽򣬳ԨǷֻҪִƽڣбλɾЩһҲΡ
ȴôʸһˣ޲Դطһǿߣۺ񣬾Ǳ䱳ƽܹ⡣ԼȥѰӻҪȴƽ鷳Ǳʸ˱ͬǳϫ޷ܵġ
ʵڲеĻͶ̫ҺƾΪӦܿӴҩ
ϫһҧǾԪݽ֮ʣ޷ѻʸ˵׷ɱ̫Һãڻ᲻˵ȴѲںˡ
ҲǱεΪ񣬴ûһʱǱ
ҶԻʸˣϫǺ޵˹иǰֻҪԼӹ˽٣һЩ쵰ͳͳˣ

ģСѵģⶼȥˣԪûꣿʸٹ˲ʲôүȣƿڴɫüγˮ
ҹ߲ݵ׷ɱҲеһƣܣ̰ϫϵıֻѵͷߣѰһ絹ͷ˯ˡ
Ҳһ˫Ѫɫɫѿ֮еķŭ֮Ѵﵽ˼¡
Ըŵĺĵӣţ󣬴˿ȴ׷Ĳһ߲ݣԲȣ紵ɹ
˵鵤뵣Ԫ⣬ȴֱһּ尾ǵ嶼еһĪĥ
ûģֻԺǧĥ˵İ취͵ץסϫ֮һһʩչԴйͷ֮ޡ
ף쿴һҪŲסˣҿ׷ͻȻڳ͸һĪϲ
˾ʱһ񣬹ȻԶڰǵӰɶʱϢһ˿΢ɲң
ۣ˰
һĻƵؼ档


246 ˮ
ৣ
ǵ׺ҹУһ͸Ӱһţٶ֮죬ѾȫԽ٣֮˺ѳһ޷ֺϵͨղƺѵĺ棬൴һȦһȦޡ
ӰʮĿ֮Ѥöݹ׷ϣɫʰ쵵ķзϳһƵĻβͣڵĲĿ֮
ϫԼڲţڽʣԪһݽߣ侲ĬĬʱ䡣
Уضһö鵤ͨ徧Ө͸һϼƣɢХ
̫Һ
µĵؽ׼Ʒҩһ̫ҺֵʮҺļֵһмУ
ؽ鵤ֻн𵤾ʿ̷ǿҩΪ׽𵤾磬ܹ֮µؽ鵤ҩĳˢ
ϸʿͥʿǿ̷ؽ׵ҩֻᱻǰǿҩ嵤ش
ڵԪݽߵһɲǣϫȴǺԥ̷һ̫ҺΪ˰׷ɱѳ׹˲
䣡
ʱ֮䣬оһӴĻڣǰƵҩֱӳ˷ˣֱײƳܲסŤǣҪѣļΪ͹̣һɲľʹ׻ʹȥ
ʹ
ǧٰѾ޴ںݺݴ򣬾ʹϫϢôأһ˿ҡɾʹȴǱǳԪֻȴΪŰ񱩣ֱײҪƿϫƤҡ
ָоһɽڱȴҲй;ֱ͵ĸоҪѳϫը
ϫû뵽ֻһ̫ҺԼͲܲסڱըıԵ
Ҳ˵ؽ鵤ȷ紫˵ǽ𵤾ʿͲ̷
ййһԼͻᱬڱĴ̼£ϫ۾ʱѪޱȣĮ侲һƬŤһɱŰֲϢ͵شϯɨء
һ̵ֱԶŵĶħѪ
Ťͷɨһۡ

׷ںĻʸˣͷ͵һĪľ㤣ٷеζʱһ˿ɬ
̧ͷһǡ˳ϫɨӶĿ⡣
һ˫ʲôĿⰡ
κɫʣȾҪ䣬ȹɺѪҺҪĿŰɱɽ緢Żһеıâ
⣡
޲һ
䣡
һƵ촫УϢŰɽĳϫһΣգʧԼҰ֮С
ٶ֮죬֮ղ뱩ֹ
һһ̷˼Ϊ鵤ϢȻ࣬ȴ֮һ޷Ȼ嵤ٵʱɶȲͻȻǿʲôߣĿ˸
ԭˣ쵰ΪҪ˰ʸ΢΢ȻЦΪƾ˾ӵùǵ׷ɱǿɾʹشˣλٸȥǲö֣ܼһıˣ
ಡ
˳ϫϷ˺£˾һ񣬵ٷϻ·зȫ׷ȥ

ͣ£׷ˡ
ڻʸ뿪ûãϣٴγݹ⣬һϮؾȹ̧Զ
׷ˣΪʲô
ǧȻЩɬü価ƣ֮ɫͻʸһ硢Ҳ׷ʱ䣬񣬿νľƣҲΪ˶Ŭ˿羹ȻΪʡ
ǰǸСӸղԷʳһּΪǿ鵤ʵ䱩࣬ȻŲ˶ãǵĻᰡǾʹ˷ǿɾ̫ϧˡҲһԲ
׷ȥΣִ򲻹ʸǣˣ糷Ϊá˹
ǡ׷ôʱ䣬ôˣСϿ౦̬ǧ鲻Ȼʵ
ҶЩȤֻǺܲѻʸ׷ɱˡЦǲãͥСһȤôǬԪʿУֻһǻͥ磬ƫƫȴһĹ̥Ǻĺܰ
Ȥ
ǧж֮ԱǣУܹ³ϫϵıǲŽȤ
ûע⵽˵̬ԹԽ˵ο֮ǰˮ㣬һΪŹ֣ƱڸǣƮƮ죬羵ˮ£ʵȷӾز֮࣬׷ɱȥܹõﻹ˵ء
ˮ
֣ǧжһŵ֮ռ֮Ƕˮ̸Ĵط֮һ컯ܹƲһЩ޷ŵ֮أףֻǿ֮
ˮ̸ƾڴһң⣬нࡣ
Ҽ֮ʱˮ̸һЩͨˮǿߣ𼪳ɼ䡣
˿̵֪羹Ȼˮһһγϫ񣬰ǧе𺳣ҲͿ֪ˡ
Ҿ֪ˮܺҶãÿһʩչĵʩչŰϾվҪɵġĵİԪʩߵĳͷ
Ҳˣֻ֪Ϊк棬ԪˮƲϫ𺳵ͬʱָеΪֵ
ǿ˵⣬紽΢¶һĨص΢ЦȴǲͣҲȥ͡
ˮ̸ӴĹأֿɲ˭ܹҽģ
ǰԾصˮ̸һѳϫ֪֮˼ҿ϶ΪȤ

䣡
ݹƿգ֮ˮƵƲ㶼ȼշٻһֱͨεΪ׳ۡ
ϫоԼЮһɽХɱĻ棬ֻн߾ȫʩչ绯ݷйڵںֱײİҩ
ɽӴءΰǳءҰ䡭־ﶼºХۻӰԵôʵ
ʱٶȣѳ࣬ǳװѻʸԶԶ˦ûиʱ׷첻ϡ
ϫȴҷɾ裬أȫۣһڵǿ񱩵ҩҪйһȴǵԼص̳ǺûжʱȥһУͱʸ׷
ʱֻʱ׷ɱʱ䣬Ը㶨һУʱڤǿҲȥ޻أϫǿŻȼյľʹƾһɴԺһС
һ
ϫϢѱ΢֮ɫ԰͸Ǹݳһ˿˿ѪƤǦǽһִ֧ţѻʹȥ
һʱ䣬ѿҪľ˵ڵĵҩ֮Ȼҩ䲻ٿ񱩣ĵܵشĿ꣬ľ鲻
ǵؽ׼Ʒҩ̫ҺİԵ֮Խ𵤾ʿԣһеҩԽ𵤾µʿԣȴһֶҩ
ţ
ڳϫʶѿҪľʱ򣬻Ȼ̧ͷһççɽӳУڴɽһ࣬һ׵ĳǳɽռ֮ң
̳ǣ
ϤĳǳϫһǿƴڽʣӰоֱԼϤĵطȥ
ʱѹ˲ڲΣҲ˲̳ߵע⣬ֻһͷҵܵܣҵԼһլ֮ۡء
󣬳ϫȻֹӰأһռǧĶΰլۡŵҡ
ӰȻֻ֣߷򳣬ǳϣ


247 
̳ƽ
һƾɲСͥԺǳϫүүܵʮĵطСͥԺˣȡ֮һլۡռǧĶשߣΰ֮
ֻչȥһʱ䣬ȻϫҶϵ̽ʱȴһֻĸо
Ժҳһ֮𣿡Ծ䣬ϫݺս˫ȭᶨҲҪһ壬ܲʢԻͣ
լۡųһˣ˱ֱü˳ģᣬ̬ȴǲԣϫͻأشⲽԼҴǰ̬ƣǱ֮ȴһȻƵʣһȴδ¶֮ɫ
ʡһ˵ϫģʱͫţ㡭ǳϫǰ
ϫһϸһűϳ˾ȻСثвһĨԵ
СثӻһСˣڳϫ̳ÿΪƷæµʱһͱϰŴн棬Դϴֻ飬̩أϫӻ꣬Ȼϵ
ϫиӵǣӻ걻ϼһգչԼϰŴ壬Ҳǲ֪˿̼СثԼլۡһԱʹӣȻǰٰζпǧ
Сثм£㳤ģȥ֪ͨҵܵܣ˼ҡпֻһ˲䣬ϫ񣬷Ը
˵գ㼴ʼϸϸլۡĹͲ֣˷Ѱʱ䡣
ҲǣƴŰѻʸԶԶ˦󣬲ȡʱĴϢʱ䡣
ʱڣ밴ԼԺõ뷨һܹʸ˵ϣԴܵܺؽõĳլۡ
Զԣÿһһ붼䱦󣬾ٸܣ˷ѵ
ϣ
Сثӳϫ̬أ˿ҵһ̳լۡȥ֪ͨˡ
ֻʣһˣǰһլֵۡľӰӿ޾𾪡
λǵǸ˼Цɨǣ
жСثһƸڳ¼ҵʹӣҲ̳Գϫһпνָƣ׹
ɲҳƺϫΪɨǣʮӶҡ˵̳Ƕû˸ҽгϫɨǡ
Ϊ̳ǵʿ֪ϫٲǴǰǸСƷѧͽˡ
ȡϽнǱȵĵһƽڵ̫ϳϱֵܣƽƽӼóƺһʦ棡
ۼݡλΪѸ߸̳ʿ֮ϣ˭ǰԴ
οǰϫϼ塢Ԩռңһһȫǰ֮գ̳УٸСϫ
෴֪ϫĵܵܳ껻ص̳Ҫؽһ壬̳Ǻ䶯ûɳؽһ壬Ŀĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˸껸ùϵӸԵܼʸƽڣǾٺòˡ
ˣռǧĶլۡڶ̶һڿ޽ΰûʣι֮
ϫ֪һССʹӣԼ֮󾹻ô𺳣עټլۡϣҲڷɿݣ˷Ѱʱ䡣
ĿֻһҪؽƷ;űؽ׼Ʒɵ̫΢󣬲լۡܣ
ֻнһɣڤǿ߽УҲؽ޾˲ɱ͸ʸˡ
̫΢ĲãȴǼΪ鷳ܸ֮Ҫլۡ޷ڽı֮£Ǻܼ򵥣Ѿڴ˽߰ٶʮСͽʮͽԼһٰʮͽɣССֽ֮䲢ǹģǲۣңӦѶ֮󣬾ɳһͷ˿һҪɸָͼֻҪһ˿©п޷ֲ
ҵǣϫǬԪʱѰѴֱ仯;μģֻʱƣѡķλܿʼֲ
Ӻ
ϫе˼֮ɫһüŨŨƣ֮ɫȴôҲ޷ڸǡ
죬ֱ̫Һҩشѱ͵ƿݽߵıԵʱַķݽ󲼾ֵķλ˫Ѫ˿ɫףΪ㲲
磬˺£ôӣϣܵܳ껽ɻϫǿƣ̧ȥͿܵܺԼԱߡ
һ겻ֳ࣬彡ӢǷü֮һƬ֮ɫͶ֮䣬Ѵһ˿ǡ
ԣλƽһ֮Ůȴգͳһ𣬾һɾһ㣬Ŀ
һǰص̳ʱѽΪޣɳԼǰϫûио⣬ֻΣܴ֮ܵգԼȴԣȷܶԲסܵܡ
Щͷֻһţͻָ侲ɿԼһ˵һ飬Ը㾡ȥǳ¼˾£լۡУûκ˶̤һһץʱ䣬ȡʱڲ´󣬵ʱȻ߽Σ
üۺɷԼ类һ·׷ɱеķŭҲͿ֪ˡ
ҲףʱֵΣͷٷŭҲ޲ŸϫҴȥһС
һʱƾƽ洫ӵͷ͸ϫǱԻ͵ʵ˲ټףĹſ¼ңټһЩ͸Сˣ¼ӵǧۼģ̳Ҳһ֮ϼ壬ҲǺѷɫ
񣬳¼ȱٵֻǵ̺ͷչϾֻؽһʱ䣬һӴͷչ򵥡
ҹͣæµ񣬼ڵĴСˣɻطҪȥƺִУǸƴḶ́һһϦɵġ
뿪Ժ󣬳ϫĬƬ̣ջҧٴóһ̫Һ̷ڡ̫΢ȴûгԪ֧ţͰ첻
䣡
ǹɹɽİҩٴγУݺĿĵ;
һѪˮӳϫģΪɲֱѪʬɽĶ
ʱĹЩǿŰҩڿնһɰǧƾն
֮䣬ݺᣬ糱ȫǺâµĽ⣬ɵ磬ɭɭƺҪɵϣնͱƳ
߽ܻľţλϫ磬һӣ߱Ԩƿնȥգʧ
߽ܻţλ
Ϸ߽ܻţλ
߽ܻˮţλ

УʱһƬҡҷ˺գͻ֮䣬ǺХߵĽĹ켣׷լۡܡ
һʱ֮䣬լۡϿգƻ˽ĺɭɭâǾʮء
̳ǱͲ󣬳լۡϿյ쳣ʱ˸һЩע⡣
ˢˢˢһ̣Ǳչġǻͷѡģ޲ͷ볯߲̽
죡öĵؽƷ
ǵӰôúϤˣǳϫ
ϫ벻Ȼˣʲô
Ȼڲ󣡺ôֱʣȻôؽƷ󣬴һɣ˿赲һĲˣ
ԶԶڳլۡϿյľӰ޲𾪡
ǰϫϼ̳֮ڶʿͲټϫϫȴʱᴫС
ϫȡǱȵһ
ϫΪƽ̫ϳϵĽֵܡ
ϫԨ֮һռҡ
ǸҪ̳߳ǣйسϫϢͻ˳һ̳ǣһ˿©شС
ԭΪϫһԾţ˷绯ٲصƫԶСˣ뵽˿̾Ȼܿ
ˣֹ˻ˣĵؽƷҪΪһ岼һڷ絲Ĵͽ


248 ǿ
ಣಣಣ
εϴı̿Уʮݹƿշɳۣͷ׶ĿХһƶ䱻иѲ
ܿ죬һççɽӳ֮ڡ
Сү㿴ɽϽպɽˣݴɽֲ֮Ҳ֪Ǽ١һָȺɽ˵
ʸЩȴȤһɨɽµǳأ˵СӦöǳУҵ֣ҹôͲأ
ǳǳһʱ֪ص
ʸҡҡͷСĵΪãСӲ޴֮ˣڴ˳Ӧ̣ǿɱ﷭
ţ
˵ʱʸȻ̧Ŀ磬ֱǳصϿգԼԼԿƥֱݺύõ磬Ʒɺ磬һԽĽԶԶش

ǵؽƷüһǧ֮࣡
ףȻǳϫûдһĶ֮ɨǧ֮ңСӾǻɻҶϵã
Ҳע⵽Զ󣬵һɳ龹һΪ֮۵ĵһ۾Ϳ˳ϫټ
ЩؽƷ϶СӴǬԪѹεõģȻóҫ
ʸĿһ˿ȵ̰֮ɫȵߣ˵ıȻʬΣ
ؽƷǱĸУҲ󼶱ĴڣֵˣĻֻҪһ֣Ȼ⵽ϡĺܡ
˿̣ϫȻӵǧĵؽƷֹʸۺˣҲ̰ʢ֡
ǧĵؽƷֱһ֣
СӴǬԪоѹ˶ٱЩǲǻһЩı
һ뵽⣬Ҳ಻г嶯ƣҲһɨգî˾ԶĳǳϿշӵȥ
ಣಣಣ
һȫۣʸ˺޹˼ɵͷųԼϢڽ𵤾ǿߵѹɨ̳ǣʱ̳һ󼦷ɹһƬ
׿ϫ͵ܵܳ껵ˣ̳ˮ׼Ҳֻϸ磬ԱԼ߳󾳽Ľ𵤾ǿߵϢֱèһʧ룬̻̲
Щ˾˭
ӵ˿µϢ
Ǵͷӹʮݹ⣬̳˶о䣬أǾϵľ޴ɵѹȣ޷赲
ҵǣЩֻһӶûΪǣҲ̳ǵʿǰһһĨУЩǿߣ̳Ҫʲô
ۼ֮˶ʱͷ֣ЩǿߵĿꡭȻǳ¼ң
ܿ죬̳ڵʿ֪ϢǷ׷ײڰǳ¼ڵĵطȥ
¼ؽȻֻһʱ䣬̳ǣȴ˸СΪ껡䶼Ͻһƽڵ洫ӣΪҲǹڸ̳ǣܳߡټֳϫƽ̫ϳϽΪֵܣȨ죬ȵ̣ѹһ̳Ǹˡ
˶Ϊδ̳ǣǳ¼֮£
ȻʱȴʮɱڵǿƿնĿֱָ¼ңһĻ̳ʿУʱ͹޾档
ַ¼ңЩǿ߱վֲ

̫΢ǵ̫Ļɽ֮ɱַܸ֮ӣǳϫƽ
Ҳˣÿһ裬оѪĵһ֣Ϊǿ󣬾Ѽֵڡ
Ϊصǣ̷ڶ̫Һ֮ԭ𲻿ٴ⵽شڲ֮ʱкüζѹƲסڱŰײҩˣѱ߻ħԱıԵ
Һã̫΢ֻ춨Ϳɡ
νһ󷨵ĺģʧȥҲͬ裬ԡϫҪģԾűؽ׼ƷóķͼԴͨÿһڡ
Ȼ׼ʱಣಣಣһƿȻƲ񷣬ٿȻĺȻǻʸˡ
ϫһȴǺһؽ׼ƷʼѪڽ׭Ϸµķơ
ôˣү˵ƾҲ޼£ԹԹڵϣϱɣҿĥʮ֮󣬾ʹʹɱ㣬Σ
ʸ˫ָ̤նŻϢңɫƣľĳϫ߲ɷһ˿ŨŨĲм֮ɫ
ϫûţ׭̺õĵؽ׼Ʒִ֮Уٴμһʼ׭
СүСڲɱ䣡һɨܣ䵱ϫѪ׭̽ʱɫһ䣬ȳ
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ΪŵӵһرһȺɾǿ߾ɱԼ
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ΪԵɾʿԣֱأëƤС¡ǲиֲ߲һȺڤʿǰ𣿷ҪԼԶ֣
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Щ϶ǹͷ⣬ĿıȻͬѰˣ
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Ȼ˽ڣʱҲһ£ܹӮһ˿أǰЩϹﲢûֱɱŲʵش֡
ǽڵˣɹ˿أϽĻʵǿ˭޷ı
źǣʸ˵ĽڣѾûأֻӦӦˡ
ǱƵֵزҲΪŭͱȻ״Ӧֻ̾Ϣλͬˣܲɣһǰ뿪ƽˣҲ֪ܰ
˵ʵɫ֮һƬ̹ڷܡ
ʲôûѰӻʸһȻֹϹҲȲѡ
ǿһͥСһڵ֪ͷ֮ʣӦûǰƽڣѰĴ籱ӻģ֮顣ҲˣǲŻᾶֱƽڣ򱱺Ҫˣ뵽ʵȴûԼԤǸеЩȡ
ΪҪǣЩһȥɱһСһ̫ˣܱȱ⽻ϫȻһˣ˵ȥҲһЩ顣
ͬһԺһһ˲һУԼܱȻԲŲѰԼΪľǲǣԼƽڰ
һ̣⶯֮иӿһĨ޷ĸжͺ飬ԼΪ˵΢ݾ֮УȴΪҿǣǣңΪ磬ˣ
ʦ棬мʱ⴫ƽӵ
΢΢һ֪Ϊе飬ڴʱԼͼϹǰ
ʦ̳һλʿո򡣡ӽ֮󣬷ɿ촫һһöӰ򣬱㼴Ҵȥ
ӰУ϶¼ż棬лʸֺɱ׵ĳгִϫǰĳѵշ̳ǵһս¼׳ң
ڹۿ֮ĳȣþԡ
ӵм𽣵ͨСˡɱ¾̫֮΢󡭡һ̣ʲôˣЩϹﾹȻҪȾָԼϵı
ѣȻǲСӲҵȾʹ뿪ǰ̳Ǽôӣ㲻ҵȰɣ
߰ɣرҲֵأĪҪΪѣȥ̳ǣ͵û˵ء
ʵһˣСӹԹ־ܣΪ׵µ񣬿ҲֻԴСһˡ
ʸһ˵ţһ߳ȥøĥƤӣ˶ѹһɾǿкã
ЩˣʱɱڣȥʱҲֱ͵ƽͬ裬治νš
ǰҲֻܺģŭԣԣͣЩʣαĻ쵰Ѿ׼ŭ
λͬȰǻĳһȰĪҪܣκ˶еġ
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ܹ죿ʸ첪Ȼŭһ̽ץһĨɫϼ⡣
һͨӨѩӳУ񣬱ϼתһɫġס֣һ֣ȴݺ罣͸һɺ£ǣֱָġ
һƵһ˲䣬ʸʱɫ䣬ͫ롣


253 Ͼ׼
а˿ʸķӦ֤˼ãʸϼһ¶˾ı顣
ʣģͿϼһξˡ
ʸƣĬĪ˲΢΢һһ𣬾ǵʰ䷢ľκҵȣ
룬ǿ֪ʸΪˣ֪ϼһһԵʮ㣬ԵʣҲӲ¶صɫ˿ȴһƸóĬѵʲô֮
ϵĽ֮ɫ׷̧۳ȥ

׼ңĸ׼ң
ĪǸ۾֮ϣ۰һϾ׼ң
ϾһȺɽ֮һ׼̾ᴫеأϾ׼ɴ˶
˸һϵİ֣ɫҲͬʸһȻһ䣬ԺжʱһЩɲϢ
ҲˣϾ׼ҵƣڻ￴ֺʸ͸һ˿ļɵ𾪡
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Ⲣţֻж˽ԽˣŻԽƬ޾½ǿ󣬶׼ܰԾһưԣ˵ֲ֮ˡ
ߣ벻㱱⾹ȻϾ׼˹ϵֲ˴Ŀʸһ˵֮ղŵǿƣʱ̬Իࡣ
΢΢һЦȴЦܹһϹԾʧ̬ģϡĺܣΪָоһнΪǿɵġ
ҲǣҪݷð׼Ҷ֮⣬ɼ׼ҵжôֲˣڳ䶼ǵɾǿߣҲݺ£˷ۼݣȴҪϳһʵİݷöܾ͸˵ˣŵ˵ǿϾ׼ҾܾĻᶼûУ
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̬ţʸ첻аŭȴǹ˼䱳Ͼ׼ңûʲôԴǣֻǰĿ˳ϫͷϡ
Ͼ׼ӻҵԲðǳϫȴֻ㱱ܣϾ׼Һ޹ϵɱϾ׼ҿ¸ɣĪҲЦ
ԣаһǰǱ⣬ϫǳϫϾ׼ΪһСϴ󶯸ɸꣿ
شǡԽԽͿˣָģѵԼһ飬ʹ졣
ʹˣȴһɫһŭĿӣɵϾ׼ңΪɾǿߵϣȴַĻǵĵߡ
Ҳҳ׿ЩϹԼҲˣǵЩϹʲô˴֣ǿɾͻˡ
뵽⣬Ȼ̾Ϣλͬ˵ʵλܣҲа
ʱɫ޲һ
˵Ͼ׼ҵˣǿСӵϣŰѴģʸ̲ס𾪣ʧ
ʼ磬εҵݣλԸ𣿡
ĬȻѾ˱ĻǣҲѴ˵ϾΪһСõϾ׼ҵĴ࣬˵ȥϵȷҲס
ܣϾ׼ҺεȵλһֶܰݷţһͥСһܵϾ׼ҵʸأԲţҡͷȴѿʼҡ
һ̾˵ǻʸˣλϫ֣ûмǮҲųϫϾ׼йϵ
ˣҵȲ׷ѣҵŵӱߵıվҪİɣĪü̾Ϣ
鷢չֵزκ˶û뵽ģԭŶԸһͥСһֵ飬оеԴС뵽ϫӵ˼ͦһɽ
֪˵ĻǶ
񵹺ãɱڴˣǵûõҲһûжȡȴһǾӣмƻȫգ֮ʧ䡢ҲͿ֪ˡ
ҲֻˣѣҵòҪܸôӦ˰ɣ
ֻҪСӿϽıҵڵĵӣһʹԹ壬ԺˮˮΣ
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ЩϹ޲ɾ֪޷أϣ˶ΣһŨŨεҪ
ҲֻΪһѣܲɱڶ߰ɣ
⿴һĻȴǴˬȻеٻܿô˷ĵɾϹԱҲһֵø˵鰡ǳϲʣЦʹһҾף˿̵ˡ
һ̣ϫĺˣоԼλܽݣһӢһ顣
βҡͷȻҲܴӦΪϫƽ۽Ҳϡ
ԣʸڣɫǿڳɹˣ϶Ļᶼֱ̫
λĳһֱãС֮飬СҵٲУδ̫ˣǵвȴûע⵽ɫĳ̾Ϣ
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뿪ˣߵϢûоƽڵκˣУȴһŭȼţֵıߺޡʧҪĥˡ
Ϊɾǿߣܹ裿
Щ˶˭ǣƫƫǳһֱ̥ǰԼưȥ֮󣬷ǺݺЩ쵰һٲɡ
ʸˣͬ򼲳۶ȥȴӿͬһͷǾǻص֮󣬰Щ˵ûԼȥ˵Ļ˵Ӻݺʰһ٣
ˣй֮ޣ

ƽУ⶯СĵذѰƷ﷨Уųһ
һУҲһ£ӵһյһп¶޷ת˰ɣ
Уҵȥһ̳ǣ⵱ģǿɾ̫ǶˡĬ˼ã̤ȥ
ʦ棬δˣ⣬һֱûڷһУȴĿ˻ʸ뿪ʱæӭȥ
ûѾ뿪ô£ЩϼһԱģ̲סЦ
ӴһЦ͸޾֮ɫıʦ棬˵Ǿ˵ϫѾΣˣ
ͷԸˣĪҪҽˣķҺúһȱʲôȥķϵĵӴҲҪߣܲɽҲøúţ
˵ţ̧գת˲ʧ޾ߡ
һʦռɽ簡૲ѣȴһɴûйĿܣѹλɾǿߣԴԺ˭ƽڣ


254 С
̳ǣլۡԺ
һµķУĳϫӴԽ£˹
һ֮üһƬ򶨣˫ؼ䣬䣬һ˿еĻ
ʵȥݾεһ㶼ű⹴ճļǷͭ޷ı
ڷϫѪȿ𣬱Դ˵ҡҡͷȴûپɥ
̫Һҩ̫Եǿ̷Σȫľѣ⵽ˣյĿݽһƬһԪûС
ҵǣٵĲأֻҪͿȫָٹ죬ָò࣬Ϳʼչ޸
ƿţϫԺ
⴦ͥԺͨ˼ҵԺӲûʲô׵ĲľԱ߻һԣֲʮֽεĻ䣬лֽѪɫĲ軨ɳ˰
һȺȺɫɫɫĺУ̬͸˵鶯ζΧһж
ϫָоþöûˣ׵ÿʱÿ̶ڸʱܣҡչүүܵѧ޽޲Ʒ׬ȡһ㱡Ԫʯ֧ţЩȻʤڰȺ̤ʵ׹еĶ֮˾ͱö
μɽɱһ塢׷ɱ嫺ɳĮμǱȡÿһɱ¾Ѫȣɱգָоģ룬û֮أҲʱ޿ڽţֿٵա
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ûзûгޣڼУżһǸöðϫڻǰ̾˿
֪ԼԣֻǶݵģֻŬȥøǿܱ֤¼ҵֻԼøǿó¼ڰһ𣬵춨֮ҵ
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һ˲䣬ϫ±üᶨ·Զע
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磬ڸоôڻǰʮ㣬ҲоܿģǰЩ֮ͳ˿ǣҵģǸʲôʱܳ׺
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üͷһʵҺ£
ٹЩ죬ɣһҪ㡣ϫЦ˵ʱѶദһ̺Ű֮ĺȻ⣬ģһʷӣ˺쳾ɣ̬
˽ҴɷħسеõӦϹʥеһʥϺȻ֮纣ʺĺȻ˵ţϫѾ˹ȥ
껽ӹȴûмŲ̽۽ǲ֪ʱһỨû뵽ôЩˣԼԼȴţһԼ׼һ
СʱڼҾƶһҵüΪ׾ݣΣÿԼܻϷƵģԼ׼˵һЩС⣬ȴһֱǵڡ
ΪѹǣûиԼһûУǵøһ졣
껲Ǹˣ෴үүͳϫǰЩûᣬٴĴۺĥѡ
ڣֻһоڸǰԼһĺӣչˣеĿѶһڿԼȴɡ
ϽһԴ˽ϫĳ껿ʵļŷ֣ܵܺԼѾһˡ
ԣ͵˵ؼģȲϡ껰СպãЦ
ϫȻ仰ܶΣںСʱÿԼ͵ܵô˵뵽ܵôˣƵģǻ㱣Ǹп
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ϫһ㶣̧ȥȴһԼĪһңȴûͷԵСһƵڴԣСһߣЦ
ӣϫܵܣг𾪡
˸˵Ҵƽ뿪ʱѾˣص̳ǲã褶ͷе㲻˼
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Сһգգ۾ЩɫĴ󲮣ԥԵס
Ͽȥ󲮣褶һҪǵ󲮵ĻŶһЦС褡
ţ褶׵ĻСһͷСѾţббسϫϾһ겻·ȣټߵе㼱쵽ϫʱһʱͳǰȥŵ۾ʱ
һ̣СһѾһ˫ֱǳϫСһﱧڻУ۾Цһߣзͣ褶褶ҳ¼Һˣүүڵ֪һܸ˰ɡ
󲮣ϺöѪСָűȾŵѪգ˵ҵ˵жѪᣬԺҲҪһöѪԲᡣ
Сһ©ٳıóϫһЦϲͷԵСһһһöҩ褶ǴӦ󲮣㳤ٳԣô
ŵҩС褵ȭͷͨ徧Ө͸ӿһϼһ޵Х̺֮дĵԪ
ŵҩ껺䶼ǴһţǵԪ磬̫أУɲܸ
˶æƴǣһŵԪļֵ޷ǿϡϫҪֶ͸ԼһĶӣͬ⣿
褶ϲ𣿡ϫȴǲǣֱСһ
ϲǹǹûôôƯС۾һһģؿŵԪתݵһϼ⣬оȤˡ
ǹ͸ˣòãϫЦ˵
У˵޹»ǹ褶ҪСԼΪ۲Դ˼˺ܾãҡͷܾ
Ǻã󲮴򣬾йˣǹҲ͹ˣΣϫȷ̫ϲСһˣסСһʱ䣬Ѿ˽СһĸǺʣ֮ѡԺֻҪڼҲǸ˲õĺӡ
СûԥӶСȭͷԼλ󲮴ɫ棬ڳϫȴ͸˵Ŀɰ
ŪСһһ󣬳ϫŰ䣬뿪ͥԺ
磬ǿŵԪ̫ô⡭껻Ǿòף˵
ȳ˵꣬ϫʹϵ֪Щµģ޲䱳źͼ壬ʱԸҩ䷥ëϴ裬춨˳ۺ˲ϸ߸ͽԶԶںߡҰһŵԪ褶ʲô
죬ȴǲٶ˵ѾԼѶȰҲá
ֵһ󣬼ϫüӿһĨƣ̬껵ǣóϫúϢȥæһЩȥˡ
ŵܴܵҴ뿪ıӰϫͷѾܵѾ߱˶һټ̫΢ػ壬ֻҪǵɾǿӦһˡ
ʵָͿ԰뿪ˡϫ˼ã̧߻ڣϥڴϣǰһƵ
Ȼʱ޷ȴԳôʱ䣬һЩǰⲿ򣬺ȻǴǬԪеİ벽Ʒѧȭ


255 ޼
ȭǬԪԴһֵƷѧϧֻǲƪֻŴȭؾ硣
ȭԵãѰ˼ǰѴ˵ĵϣӶ촷һеĿֲ
֪ؼ⣬ˣ໥ų⣬޷棬ˮǬȵȣȭӶΪɲ
֮ν𣬾ǰֽȻͬ۵գͶ֮䣬壬ң䱬Ϊ˼顣
ˣϫŻǬԪһؿУԥѡⲿ벽ƷѧڵȻֻһ۰צ޷жԵüɣȴĲѡ
УϫһʶƵС
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Ժгһ棬ޱ޼ʵĻƽԭϣһ߱ȼɽصΰӰڵУҷ裬Ŀֲ˿ò
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ɽӣ
һߵը죬ǵӰͻȻˣ򵥵һȭȴǴһƵƬ磬飬عѣɽ촷ۣ̺ݸɣҪһжڳš
ֻһȭضһʷǰѣǿɲֱͲܹƿصġ
򵥵һȭȷɽ֣ܿ죬ػָģϫȴѲ˺ĪС

¡¡УͻȻǵΰӰ羪Ԩգָ̤أȭͷϣһļµڻۡ
ԶԶȥϫֻоǵӰȭͷϣܻ磬һ£ϣ类ߵһһغؼȴߵͷ£ųϡ
һһ˲䣬ϫһѹѪĳ嶯ڵѪҺʼңߡ
䣡꣡꣡
Юȫߵȫ໥ųȭͷڱһ˲䣬Ǭߵң޾ն鲻һִҵС
أϫҰܿһжȭһң飬״̬˵飬һЩﶼ߽֮У
һȭɽӣţڶȭȴﴦڴҵУͳͳһֱ߽״̬Ҳ֪ȭָжֲ
֮󣬳ϫŴлع֪ǰȭֱֻšȭⲿ벽Ʒѧǰؾ磬֮ϣеؾ磬Ҳһؾ硣
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ϫػָǵΰӰٴζˣֻһ̣ϫȴѾ޷۾
ΪǵӰȥһȭ޾֮ţ۶Ŀϫ۾һۣоиƬˮٴȥʱֻһƬޣʲôɽӴͳͳʧûһţһּµޣ˴궼е޾ѹ֣
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䣡
ʱ𣬶ϫҲصʵŷ֣ѱ亹͸ʪܵܡ
˲ЩΪе򣬱ʧİɫٳв̽ʱûиղЩʵһĻ棬Ͻʣйشȭĸְ塣
Ȼ޷޼ֻаɽӺȭ򣬲ܲ޼ɣϫȻ֣ԼֻܴĦȭǰؾ磬ȴһŽУγһơ
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Ͼȭƣ̺йĶ޼һ۰צϫϰҲ޷ǬԪһȭɽת޼顣
Ϊȱ⣬ȭҲֻʣһЩԵüɶѡ
ǰ벽Ʒѧı׶ˣĵƷѧ̺ĵ⣬ѧͬʱܼ˲⣬һá
ϫȴЩҪľǴȭԵüɶѣҲӾŲƷѧУһȱƷѧˡ
յĵУˮǬ⣬ĵ⣬ϴȭ֮Ҳ֪ȣӡ
ϫһţһ߿ʼǱĲȭֻȰѼƿģʱƣںϽԼĵ⡣ʽʵԴƷѧѾûʲôΨһͬǣȭĴڣѾΪϫ˿ܣֻ賯ԼĶˡ
峿
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һ࣬Ů׼ʢˮľͰƣˮнŸĲҩҩ㣬ϫÿ춼ҪУеҩ޲Լ
תѾѪƤĤ޸״̬ڵľѨϡҲѻϣʧıԴѪȴؿںԪȣҪ׻ָԲһһϦ֮
һȫǣϫ۲״ûһ˿պ;ɥĿ¼ᶨ䣬һ˿еĴԼһϵ
ձ׷ɱʮľøΪǿ󣬴ӻ֮ϾһƶζȻܴĵΪ˲ֹһΪûκβ棬պѰȴҪá
׷ʵġ
ǬԪУǬԪµһ˵УزסԳ̸סҲƲ档
ֻнԳرģڴ֮·̤۷С
аħͷʥʹ壬ֻҪرģ˷粻ܹٴΰ˼ų档
ͨ
ϫ粽˳ҩľͰУ۾Ѿӽ쿪ʼ͸֮ǰµӣ»صԼ
Լʲô
ץÿһһʱǼֲиʵ
ʼɣϫһԺ̨һת춴̫鹦ⲿǴϸɾзǱһؾлãᣬƽ֮ͣ

ľͰнݵҩݣǳϫǬԪѹʥƷб̺žޱȵ˿̳ϫһ˹Щҩͻ˿˿ƵϪ˳ӿ뵽ϫڡ
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ϫȴһԣɻתѵľոϣȷ̫ܲصҩֻҪסЩҩ޸ͻָܿʹԣʲô
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Ԫ֮أ֮ԴȪʿ֮Ҳǵ֮
ϫĵڣԪ󺣣֣룬֮ţֻһ۳ǽ𵤡ȻǴܴһжˣյģĿ꣬ĵΪʵͳ׻ٵ޷Ԫ
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ޱߵĵռڣûͬԪյһƬݽһգĴ鲻˺ۣѵĴأĿꡣ
˳ԾǣЩ˺ѷУһɵĹƮ裬Ʈҡҷǹ⣬ϸȥЩ뵤ڵ˺֮Уת˲䣬Щ˺۾Ȼۿɼٶȱ޸
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һЩߵã
ϫ˲䣬ͿЩŬ޸˺۵һߣȻϳЩʱٴδһ
ЩߺȻǻϢ
ûдɢһϢǻϢɣɻǣϢԵ޹ʵسԼ
ڳϫıϣžƣԾŹ֮Ƴ֣ѹ룬Ϣݷš
ϢԼľеľее𾧡ˮеˮ飬ǳϫڸлãΪıܹɢ֮֮
ΪֱĴڣϫΪŻͻͽͷͻƣ嫺ɳĮз֮أҲƾֱˮݺȺУȡЩ޵оʵٴ
ֱУϢһ
ϢܹתΪԵľļΪҪǣļԭǴӻϢģ
񣬻ϢȴԼڣ޸Լĵϫ֪ϢΪҲɱͻľϲκġ
ѵģ̫δʱ򣬿ٵصĵһħڻϢ֮䱻֮ĸ֮ͬɻϢϢѾԳԴ֮ĸѵΪӵе飬̻ãԲŻҵĵ޸ã
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׵նԶԿʸʮˣ֮ܵأҪڳϫ֮ϣ⣬ǽͷĽ壬κҩãԴջ֮󣬵ڻû
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ǰΪ˸Լͱĳ¼Ӯһ˿ٴ޷˵سǰŻвѡ
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껲ǣ֮󣬸Ҳûдӷ߳ڱչһ˷ѽ⡣
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ٽ붴ͱһЩܿ׹ϵĽƣУڶν붴塢ﵽϸ硣
ν塢Ϊﵽͥ磬ϫ嫺ɳĮʱͰΪ˫˫ﵽ˻ͥԲ磬Ȼ㹻붴

ڣ̲𣬴ӹţ崣ڴ룬ǰӣϫһνУлٶЩпû䣬ԼȴѲǵǸɬꡣ

ӲӿһϮµļخˮ̤ˮⲽ֮ϣٴν붴ĳϫ񵭵ϣɸһ˿Ц⣬㽫겻СһѳɳΪһˡ
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ٴη˽ϫԪٴοҪݽһգдǷģһСΪ˵ֿϲʱµĹá
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Ե޹ʵģʯһԺǳĳ
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259 Ϊ
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ν񹂣֮ϵĴڣ̺⡢شơܹ֮ͨл飡
ϫ𲻳ҲڼخϵУԴľ񹂣Ƴɹ֮ʣڻԶۡľʵӰͬ׵۽ҲԶŰ׵ۡʵӰеġ񡯾ָЩ֮֮ļӳ֣ųƵ񹂡
ϫʱȻͬʱҲǰ𺳲ѣ֮УӰҪֲķΪƶ
ⲢǷռһµĿʼԺĶƿ֮ȻͻסخЦ
ֻµĿʼ
ϫ״סˣƲˣ˿خ˵񹂽ֻǷһµĿʼܲԾ
خǰ񹂵൱ںεȾĹϫбҪ񹂵ˡ
شɾʿڻ£ģɶ˵õخشĺ⣬˵һƽ顣
⻰ϫУȴһףһ㱣һ񹂣ܹشɾǿߣǱʲôҲѶã
ԼԼֵܷóĵɾǿߵıԴƶͬǿʦƷֶΣԪ˼Դ
֮͵һ⣬ɵخǰòھͲ񹂰ɣ
خʵкβɣֻƬǳֻ񹂶ѣ޷ƿǣν񹂴У
ϫȻòǰУ񹂰ɣ
ȷˡخͷ
ϫʱˣԼԣǲ̫һ㣿
خǿϫ˼ҡͷЦҿû˵һʱһ̾Ͱֻˣοûشơ񹂵İ壿
ϫͷʵҸô
ȷɻĪش˶ĴУƬǳ磬˽⵽񹂵һЩ֪ʶԭŻһЩ벻ĺôҲܱһЩй񹂵ĵ伮خĻȴ֪ôˡ
㻹ǵõҵҪֹʱĻش𣿡خûлشϫһ⡣
ϫ˼׷ãü˵ѧǿģġ
خͷҵĻشʲô
ͨϫԥ˴£ҲΪخĻżᶨԼ֮·
ʿУǿġͨУǿġȻΪսá
Щʹõģֻؽ绯ݷͨǶӡȴõϵĻᡣ
ͱӵһýһԼ磬ʹָĽͬôخʵ
ǵȻϫԴпԴ˿ᣬ嫺ʱˮԼʮ׼ƷֱӦС硢ǳʮֵ⣬ԼԣȴԵò
õҲֻ׽ѣűбϵġϾԵʱһһ붼ܾĻʱȥ
ǺãҾͽһƽķţһʹָɶ컯Ľخ˵
ϫȷĶѣ̲סʵخǰйϵ𣿡
ȻСخЦƽķţΪϵûжҪֻҪǻϢֲеСҪģǰ񹂵ķƣ׭ڽϡ
ϫ˿׭̷ƵǺܺð쵽Ҫ⡢شơҲҪ飬۳Ӱκһʦ԰õ
ôҲΪ㾡ֻ񹂡˽һɣķƿϢϢأƷҲ֮ˮǴߡ
خȻǾ˼ǵģٲ֣ᷢ˽֮ͬоһеĴڣŽ޵ĳɳռ䣬ΪΪ֮ϵĴڣҲǲܡ
޳ɳĽ
ϫһнУһʿΪ֮ǰõķ޷׷ʵȻͻѾ˼Ѱµķ鷳֮ҲΪĲ
ʱΪ˵õһֱпܵˣԹЩıҲ⣬Ϊﵽ𵤾ԺΪĲͬԷԺ͹ЧҲÿҲעҪõıˡ
ȻֻһʿԣнһЩϵĴУıУҲӵ˿ɹɳĿռ䣬ֻʱѰһЩһƷʾͻõͱ޿֮ξ档
خ˵ģЩһҪϫһ޳ɳĽ
ʲô
ΪԽǲܣ
Ұռخ˵Ƴɹ֮ͬУȫܹһз֮ϣ
ʣı˭ܲݣ


260 
ˣخǰ񹂾ƬǳĸطϫͻȻӦ˵ô࣬˵Լƽ֪񹂶ûء
ľ񹂡׵۽񹂡ڵˮ񹂡ۻ񹂡Ƶ񹂣񹂵֣
һ̣ϫȲʶһ
خЦЦңָǿ˵㲻еôȥ򣬾ͻᷢڡ
ϫͷһϢţǳϣң޾ǺС
Ҳ֪˶ãϫ㱼ƿǳơǺ͵γһƬޱȵأ˵ģһƬųķ
䣡
һ׹أȻǻصĶͻȻӿһɫֱǲ񷣬漴ƬϣľݷƵȻٻţӿ޾ɫΣɢŨ֮
֮䣬֪ʱӰһһŮ߲֪жɣ̤أۣͷʹڣ޲Ĵ⣬ַĻСˣΧ߷裬Ĥݡ衢ϵĵۻʡ
ۣľʣ
һһŮۻʸأȷתһûȻһ¡
ڳϫУһؼӿĻľһµķƹ켣ִζۡľӰŷĺģ˻ģļΪǵĴڣŷڲͬ
ľ񹂣
ϫͷһһɰ󺣵ҲӿԺ֮Уһ˲䣬У㱻̺ĸַƽṹû
ľ񹂵̺֮ķ֮࣬ȴһƬ嫴ϫֲжٵơ
꣡꣡
ȳϫһǰɫһγһɫ磬ɽءֲ޲̺ŷ֮Ϣ񲪷ļ⣬ǷԴ̹ǵķо
ͬĽ֮ڣӰâɢƥ˫Ŀֲƣһ֣ն硢и
ߣӿһǹֱ˹šתţ
һУŷ֮ӲĴζӰһеԴ
׵۽񹂣
ϫΪֽΪƵʱԺٴӿһɰ֮
Ȼǰ׵۽񹂵
ڽʱУϫֿһƪ硢硢ˮ磬õ˳ۻ񹂡Ƶ񹂡ڵˮ񹂵
ľһ񹂵ķƣͬһ㣬ܸӣ
ϫƣԼҪκһ񹂵һƴḶ́ûأ޷ɡ
⻹ֻġһ񹂵ķƣ볹װƳɹ۳Ӱ޷õġ

ϫ۾̲סһŰ˼лָ
оΣخЦʵ
ϫƬ̣ҵ󡣡üخǰ̺ķƲ֪ж֣˵ֽ׭Щƣ¶Ҫϲʱɣ
ȷˣҹƣƾڵǿܰһ񹂷Ƶ׭̡خͷ
УʱȺǴᣬֻһʱ䣬һҪΪ𵤾磬鲻ʱƴ˽ϫüͷüҲоԼԣʱжôĲ
Ⲣ⣬˸˵ǳ磬֮ǰʮ֮һ˵صʱת֮ɬʮ꣬ŹȥһѡخЦ
ϫһʮ꣬Źȥһ꣬˵Լȫʮ꣬ȥμȺǴҲ٣
һ룬ϫͷһ˷ܣʮ갡ȥ׭ҪĵĶʮ꣬ԼĻʮʱ䣬㹻Լ𵤾ˣ
Ժʱ붴УΪѿʼ˵УǰƽҲڡ
خ׳һöذըóϫеˣǰҪ붴޲Ҫ塢Ϊﵽһ磬ݼخæһЩɻ󶼲ܣһжӭж⣬ڣϫܲ˷ܡ
خЦпųϫϵ˷֮ɫҲòѣ˵кˣҲǸеΪοġ
ҳϫųɳģ˵ûƭ˵ģԺʱϫͬϲòѡ
ˣȻѻ񹂵ĴУҾͿʼ֮Σخʵ
ϫ룬ͷӦ
һ̫΢ػνǹɾǿ߽УһʱҲƲ
ټǰЩӣٳ¼ңϫ̸֮࣬Ҳ͸¶һЩ췢ƽڵ飬̹Իʸ˱ĸѾٲԼһУڰһ
ҲϫʶԼλ̵֮ͨ࣬ᶨ˲μȺǴľģֻȡȺǴǰʮ̫սϣҲܼ磬˽⵽йظĸһЩºͶԹ
֮ܶϫѲǣκ飬ֻͷ޿ս׽𵤾磬ȴȺǴڵپˡ
˷ƳķΪнķȼһϸƷȴܶԱȵó
خҲˮֳ̧֮ϫԺдһйƽһƪ
ƪܼȴᣬַҲڳĶˣޱȡ
ϫԺǿ󣬿ҲķʱŰƪģ˸߰˰ˡ
մ˷ƳĽʵӦóŶԣΪ˷ΪҪ¯ƾϡ
ҪƳߵѡȴΪҪá߹ϵ񹂵׭̣ԼպĽ׳ɳ˵պԲƽߣڳʼ׶ξѡһϺýߣʡȥٵĹ
ҴǬԪеǻò󺱼ϣ̫׾өʯǾѵϣƽĽߣе㲻
ϫĿɨŸڴĸϣϣѰٵһƽߵĲϡ
ȻʧǣڶັУûļԼرĶġ
ȻҲ֪ԼĿ̫ˣҲ̫ˣϣҵɱ¾֮ǵĲϣȻЩϡʵЩУдƵؽ׼ƷĲϣЩ׷ɻȱĴڣҲǼֵ֮ĺƷ
ţɱ¾֮ΪߣҲԣϫ͵һţ¿¿Ȼɱ¾֮Եˣ


261 ڤ
׵˵ɱ¾֮ıʵһĺϣ̺Ŵɱ¾⣬Ѱʿɱ¾֮ڵİγɱ¾֮
׶սʸʱƾɱ¾֮۳ɱ¾򣬴ӶΧסʸƬ̣ΪϫӮһ˿
ճϫ뷨ԼҪĽȻųӵ޳ɳռ䣬ô佣ߵѡ񣬾ͱϵȵϣɱ¾֮Ѿ߱ʸ
Ҫѯһ¼خ
ɱ¾֮
خ΢΢һӳϫҪɱ¾֮Ƭ̣зһ˿֮ɫ׵ȷĲϣһϳһ֣ﾹȻ֮ɱ¾⣬رԴ̥Ҳһ챦ϡĺܰǴ
ϫɱ¾֮һ飬̯̯֣˵Ҳ֪أϧ˺ѾɱˣҲҲʲôˡ
خҲʼɱ˶ᱦĹˡ
ϫһȴɫرԵߵ֮οҪɱңܲܲҷɣ
خЦЦϾٴΰɱ¾֮´һ飬ͻȻʵɱ¾ûУ
ϫҡͷ
ɱ¾Ϊߣ񹂸һƳĽȷ˵ɲʵ޷ƣһŲпɱ¾ʧȴҲ鷳ˣҾͰһѡ
˵ţڼخϣضһĨɫϼƣӿ˸һ󳪵ԶԶȥo̽һƵĴ֣ɱ¾֮ı棬ʱһɫϼȼա
ϫͫȻһɱ¾֮ʼۻһſϾˮ飬ɫ顣

خһץЩɫˮһſߡȻһ߹ճһߵģ
ߣ߶磬ī壬һ£ߵķ񣬳ֳӼʡ
ˣ
خָڽһԽɱ¾֮ӽӿһɱַģΧڽѲݣܵնиѺۣѵĳϫݡ
ֻǽɢһϢ˺գΪĽָжǿ
ϫڽͬʱҲΪخֶ಻ѣһĨͰɲļɱ¾֮ΪһߣֱǻΪ棡
ˣѳɣץʼ׭񹂰ɡخԸְ̧ѽ߶ϫתҪ뿪
خǰԵȣӻһѯϫ͵һ£ҴææѸڤ¼аʶȡȻתƣľ𾧡ˮ
Щ˵֮Ĵڣڳϫϣȴ鰵أΪȫ֪Щ;
ԭһأ鶪ʧϫҪ޸ȴ֪Ӻ֡
ڤ¼аʣأһܳϫƣһлӴܣϫǿա
ľ𾧡ˮҲͬˣ;ϫûиס
ҲˣϫŻѼخסϣλ˰֮õĶ֮УõЩһЩϢ
ǡԼخΪµڿЩʱҲɵһ㿴ۡ
ڤ۵ڤ¼аʣűľ̫֮𣡱񾧣ɿˮخһһֽڣɫϵ֮ɫҲԽԽŨ͵ؿϫĿ졣
ϫвڣɿȵЩﶼЩãȴ֪;Իǰָһ
خһ̧ùڤ¼аʣһзһ׷֮ɫпΪĹʱֻڵĵڤУ˾žޣ˻ģ۵ʮܣ֮ϧΪĳ飬ħɱ޶
ڤۣ
ƿֻأ
Ⱦ춯صĴȻ붴˷ǰ۵ʮֲ꣬ƺԼΪ˵أԭǰҲôһԨԴ
ϫҲĲƽλԼԼ˰ִ˭ˡ
ڤ۱ɱΪս⣿ϫͻȻʵ
خһȻҲ֪£Ϊս⣬ֵ̫Ե֮ϣԳһϴԿٵܹóλڤܹƿأɼԺεȾˡ
˵⣬خһ̾Ҳս⣬Ϊڤ۵˻˱Ҫħؽ졢ء򣬻һ̫ƽʢ˵ħ˭ڣ
Ը֮ս򰡣ϫпļΪλڤۣһ뵽һλĴȴ޶뱧ҲʧܸգоӿһĨź
ڤ¼аʣڤݺʱõı˫նаɱħڤ¼Գ磬Ա˰̾ͻ֮·Իǿຣͨ˰Ǳ˰ڤеֻء
خܿȻڤ¼Ǻаศɵģаڤ¼ɡκαаɱ飬ᱻڤ¼ϴӵڤȻֻأתͶ̥
ϫʱȻаɱڤ¼ɣ׵˵һԱϣйɱֹζ
òϣպҲҪóʾˣⶫϾڤ۵ĳЩǿħ֣СɾˡخɫȻѵ
ϫͷħУڤմߵĶ¶ᱻĨȥɣ
һ뵽ǿԼԺȴҲòϣϫоһϧҲû취ԼСȣһжǴҪġ
ȻһΪܹﵽԽħĵزʱ̶ܶáخЦ
һġϫҲͬЦƽȴ̺һɼᶨȻζ֮·ħҲߵ˴¡ԼĿǴռûгԽħļᶨ֮·ߵԶ
خԭϨ˳ϫڤ¼аʵģȴ뵽С־˴жʱһɸпСӵȷ˰
خֽһȷ٣ǷΪһҪ޸ȴҪԷŷ飬ָ
ϫͲ֪֮£ҲֻðѸһռ侪˵Ĵ﷨ʹá
лһ˿ɻѪħڵᰣƾʲô˵ܹ޸ѵĳɣ
ľ̫֮𡢱񾧡ɿˮڷ类Ϊɲ֮Ʒ𱦣Ų˼áҵʿļȴǴбԴܹ޷о
˵⣬خʶʲô۾͵һգļѹڽ֮Уպγײ⽣ֻҪƳɹƷܴﵽѵز


262 ȺϮ
֪ľ̫֮𡢱񾧡ɿˮֱǴбԴϫҲǰľѣخ飬ȴԥ
ļЧı򱳼֮УܹԴԴϵ̶֮תΪԼΪ޷ĲãϫЩ
Ϊ𵤾磬ƻ֮״Ѫɽƺܹ֮ͨΪãЩĴڣֻܹоΪѾûжļֵ
خƿϫ˼˵һ㵹ƽҲֵⱩ
ȷ缾خ˵߽׽𵤾֮Ѫ糤ӣ̣ܹ֮ΪãƷʣƤĤǵһʵķԾоתΪȴѾʺ
ϫһ̺дĵԪΪд̷ҲûʲôôоҲͬĵ
ճϫǴӦ
خ뿪֮󣬳ϫûмڽ׭񹂣뿪ǳ磬߳صԼС
ǳһʼƽҪʮʱ䣬൱룬ЩòܵܽһЩԷġ

ĳ¼ңһ֮ԡķһЩӵܣ͸СһòǻȻһ£Գ¼һݳĹУ£Ϊ¼ҵΪ١
̳ǣκ¼ΪУѾγ˳һһҶĸ֣ȴû˲
յս̳ʿУʣκһѱʸ̤ƽˣ¼ȴ⣬ȻֲֿʵȻӮ̳ء
ټϳϫֵܶˣԸϽһƽǧ˿ƵĹϵνǿ֣Ԯ޴Ҳ֪¼ҵ֮Ѿ޷赲˭ڻڰ룿
ֹˣЩ¼ҵլۡڿνǸƼ̳ǴССԷ׷׷̬Ű޲˻ᣬ¼ҽһԵ
ԵϫԼͥԺ߳Ϳ¼⣬ı̳ͣͷ
Լĵܵܳڸ֮䣬ѾӦ꣬˵˵ЦЦֹ壬꣬Գһ֮ķ緶
ϫͷһ𣬱ȻǹģٴҲȻһЩܹشϵӲҲֳһǺ͵̡
磬ôˣƺô껲һŤͷͿϫԶߵĿˣЦ˹ȥ
ǱµıͱЩɵԶĳϫʱһ˿ʱʧ٣ϸǼһĨ֮Цݣ͸ġ
ʱڳ˶˳ϫԭַǷգʱðѻȸ
Уڳ껶ԣϫҪ߱
֪ϫ̳ǳģҾȣΪǳֱЦΪɨǣֱһЦϣǰĻû˭һСŽУҲһۡ
ȴͬˡ
̳ǴеɨǡСһϼ壬ռһͥʿ׷ɱûΪһٶǱȵһΪ̳ʷһǱ϶ҫ֮ǡ
ҵռңһҹ֮䱻ɱһգڡֵǳϫȴϫżΪܵĹϵƽ̫ϳϱ⣬һλϽн˶ĵɾǿߣ
ȻЩǴţ̳֮⣬صʿȻ𾪣ȴûĿùд໹Щɡ
ɵϫһĴ󣬱ʮһ𵤾ǿʱ̳нʱ䶯ˣȷţԲ飡
Ե˿̼ϫʱԾأڳн¶һ˿ľηǶء
ÿжΪֻҪϫڣϼ;Բᵹ¡
һ徲ĵطһɡϫô˶ſԲеʲôʣʱˣֻ¾ͻӰ쵽ˣǿɾͲ̫ˡ
ȻȻӦЩӦͣ˵Ц̣ȴǷ͸ˣͲҸʱء
ֵܶլۡڿһƬԣضԣȴǳһֱڽϫһֱ
Ҫչؼ꣬ʱ䷢κ£¾Ҫ㴦ˡ֮󣬳ϫŵԼ⡣
ʲô鷳鷳֪ҪμȺǴᣬҪģڼеһЩ£ȫҾˡЦ
ϫͷһ󣬱㼴뿪һ·ϣԺȴһֱ˼һ⡣
ܵܳ껽ʱ˵һ飬ЩɽвʱܳһͷͷޣҲ̳࣬һЩʿޣһЩСơһЩʿ׷ӣɽɱȥັĲϡݡ
һ̳ʱסˣҲ׷ǲӵܣɽ̽ѰˣһʿУ̳ƫԶСǶʱ
ڽһʱ䣬״ȴ˱仯
ЩɽеʿҲûлȥһʧһ֪ʱ̳Ǹע⣬ֹκٲ̤ɽһ
ȻⲢ꣬ǰһȺʮͷϸɵȺͻȻϮ̳ǣɱ˽ǧˣű֣Щһټ
ӴԺÿ죬ͻʮͷϸɽڳ̳Ϊ̳Ǹƣڱɥʧ֡ΪصǣΪȺһһƵ֣ѾеĿֻţٲҴڳУȥ
ʵҲȷˣȺֵĴԽԽܼҲԽԽ࣬ǰ죬˽ͷʽϸ̳ǣɱӣͿ̿ڳ껺䲢ս£ȫЩ
ݳ껹ƣɽгޣֻ಻٣пֻܳͥ𵤾һγ޳Ĺģ
޳֣Ǿǵأֹ̤һ̳ǾԲڻ£ȻҲֻǹƣʵη˭Ҳ֪
Щóϫȥģլ̫ۡ΢ػǳֵɼޣƾٶ࣬Ҳ޷ķġ
Ұϫ㣬ɽҲֵܳɼޣȥɽߴУΪҲֻϸ
ȻҲ֪ԼѹɽһƬͼƬɽڵѲ޷׵ĽƣʵȻҲλϹ޵ѪֲܽƵӰ죬̶̼ѽ磬ֽٶȣֱѴﵽŵĵز
ˣ¶棬̫΢ػİΣѲҵģΪ֮ƻƳʵ𵤾˵
ֱ߽Լķ䣬ϫԺٴν붴֮С


263 ׭
ǳ硣
ϫϥأպ棬ƽأ޵Ŀбƽһ㿴ĵ棬ϱߣû˿Ĳʡ
ǰһ͹ӼԼĽߡ
֮󣬴Ժһ˿˫ضʮָɣָлûػӰ񴩻Ƶģٶȿ쵽ױȵĵز
ˡ
ȺȶڳϫʮָϣһȦһȦĝΣںзһԲɷ
ǼخڵЧܼ򵥣ڽϿٳһ㹻׭һ񹂵Ŀռ䡣
һķ뽣У佣ڲٳһռ䣬еĻͻᷢһռǧɵķΧհһƬֻ߳
ԭ͸ƴ﷨õķɽһڷ֮俪ٳһռ䡣
ľڲԣǾʹ￪ʼɡϫһٴԺ»һľ̺ĸַƽṹʶӿ뽣߿ٳĿռС
һƬհ׵Ŀռ䣬ϫһתԪ۳ϸţëʶĲٿ£һ㳯Ƭռ׭̶ȥ
׭̷Ƶķʽʵ÷ڷֽϻƷƲֻ࣬ʶƣԪī֭һռ˷ֽ
͡鶯ķƸһڿռڣͱȾһεϼ⣬ŷƽЩɫķʼԲͬĽṹһûһң͸һɾȻС
ԶԶȥǿռһ׭̳ķƣһС磬쿪Լϸ֦ܵ⣬ŬӣȻһشصҶӡһɫ䣬ȻȻ飬ûаĸۼ
ֻľڣ̺һַƽṹַƽṹľ׭ʮֱ֣Ǻ̺ܸ֮
ҲҿϫؽĿ֮󣬴ﵽһּΪǿĵزҶƷҲųߵ裬ǿЩƽṹһۻ۷ֱǱ˴˵Ĳͬ;ˡ
ˣϫҲòСǰУȻֻ׭ľ񹂵ķƽṹֻҪһ˿͵ôͷʼƣĽ޷ܵġ
룬һľ񹂵ķƽṹҪʱȥ׭̣ӶĳֲǸҪ˷Ѷʱ䣿
ԣһʼϫʹע⣬ֻɹʧܣ
ҲΪѹڣŻ˼УԺиûκֻһ켣ķƽṹʱһͨ˿ϫҲȻ
ţʱ󣬿ŽڲռԼ׭̳ķͼϫͷطһ˿ʶĸо
ͼŰַƽṹԶԶȥһƬҡҷڷеҶӣΣҶӱҲ˺ֳ֣һȻζ

ϫüѣԺ͵һʱԼϵľƣƬҶӵ״ô
ֲϤľƾȻҲһַͼһ̺ľڣĪǷǰǽһ񹂣ˡ¾֮ⲿ幦˵Ϊľƣǰľ񹂣
ϫԼԼоֹľ񹂣񹂿¶¾֮Īϵ
Լ񹂵ľ裬Լ巽Ҳ벻Ĳðɡϫ˼Ͷ뵽׭̷С
ʱһһţ֪Ѿȥʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ϫһ޸оʯͷ׭̷УȻңֱʶڵʶݽߣڵԪҲѸɱŶʱѹ
ûеʱ䣬ʼϥָҺڸڣųҺ㹻ڶʱڻָԪĻָֻ農ĹĦָܺܿ
ʱ䣬׭̲ǧַƽṹٶȣֻҪ⣬ڵȷ԰ľ׭̳ɹ
ʱ֮󣬳ϫӴо֮Ԫѻָ״̬ҲûʲôʣٴͶ뵽׭̷ƵС
ϫȻûз֣׭̵ķƽṹԽ࣬Է֪֪Ҳڷɿš
񹂵׭̣Էƿأܴﵽһֲ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ؼУ˵ӺƵһϴҪԳǿ󡢻ҪϸȥƿظָķƽṹԲᶨ֮޷ڷȡóɾ͡
ȻȻѻɬ֣;ȴǺǼ㣬ܡô󡭡޲ҪԷΪ֧š
˵ֻ¯ǲеģҪַϣַƷ׭̣ƳϺõķ
н磬һλʦȻͨ󣬵һʦȴʤȵȸеְҵ
ʦʦһΪټô˵ʦֻʮλëǡΪϡ٣ʦĵλȴӹɵĳߣʿء
һ£ҲûԸȥʦһĴϾнģⲻȱһЩֵķװʦ˭ԼƷ
ҲΪǵķΧ㣬ԷŻԵôܸӣ
ʱƣ֪Ѿȥꡣ
ʱϫ׭̷ƣǴΪ޶ʶȴʶ֮ʿǳȥԲǧڵĶ޲ӳС
׭̷Խ࣬ϫľ񹂵ҲԽԽ׭̷ƽṹٶȣҲԽԽ졣
Ҳ˵خ˵ĻƽǶ񹂵һֱӵʽҲƿһַʽ
ڼ䣬خҲǳ磬ϫʳƵ׭̷ƣȻһжҲΪοԳϫҲԽԽ͡
˵ϫΨһһ뼾خ۵ˣڼخУٲȻѰѳϫ˵Ĵеӿ
붴ˣ඼ûеõϿɣǴʮ֮أҲûĸɹ
󣬲֪Ҵš
һ죬ϫӴ֮󣬲ûмȥ׭̷ƽṹһԼġ
ľֻʣһƽṹˣͬҲѵһṹҪһ˲һ˵Ƶ׭̣γһµķƽṹӶƽṹβӦ񹂵У˷ųƵϴ󹦸ɡ
һ˲һ˵ƵĻ׭̣ʶԪҪ󣬶żΪ̵Ҫʶ֮˲䲶׽һ˵ƵĹ켣ԪͬҲԾȵķʽֳһ˷ݣͬһʱ乴ն
һжѣѾһ˲ϣκһ⣬񹂶ôǣʱһУ֮һգ
ҪҪϢ죿֪ʱخڳϫߣĿһɨߣѿ˳ϫĴ
ˣ۷״̬ΨһҪľǰ״̬һϤͷųϫҡҡͷ˵
خ֣ϫ֮ƽԶԶԼĹƣָогƿһУƽ͸¶Ϊǿġ
ٶȰһ࣬ųϫһ衣
һӺ󣬳ϫڵ棬ɫ磬峺ǿգʶԪͬʱһ˵ϸ緢˿̽뽣ڲռ䡣
˿ǿռУǿհһƬǸһ㷱ǿյķͼϼתݣӿɫŰȻֻͼĩβһ˿ѰĿհףͼвȱ
ˢ
һ˵Ԫһ˵ʶֻ֣һ˴ռ䣬ɣŷóõĹ켣һ˿ȱĿհС
һϵжֻһ˲䣬ֱûзһ
ˣ
ռУǿյķͼ͵طһ۶Ŀ̹⣬ųĺͻȻӿ˸ϼ١
ڹӵĽϣȴضһĨԣľżӵ꣬һĽ
ԣľ׭̳ɹˣ


264 ޳Σ
ģ
˿͹ӼԼĽ߱棬һƵɫâʵϪɢһԡ
ڲȥͻᷢγһε磬֦ҶĸַƣƲǳһһȻȵ
ɹˣ
һĻϫ˿̲סɵڵأڣ޾ƣˮһû֪롣
ʱ䣬ȫľͶע׭̷ϣϫһŽĹңȴվһˣԲȣ߲ݵͬһ֮ãҲᱻֿ֮ĥľƣȥ׭̺̺ݳκβķƽṹˡ
˵һλʦ׭ľ񹂵ķƽṹҲԲ˵а׭̳ɹ
ϫܹһԷĳԣļͺͼ֣ԼԼʧܵĳѹ
Ϊһγɹģ˭֪Сһȴһϲ˺ˣгһܵɽļλʦֵһ¡خź˯ĳϫҲɣִһ㼴ת뿪
ǳ磬ֻʣ³ϫһˡ
˯ǿ֮䣬תǳơǺӣԵúۣܲ׺һڣһź۵΢
Ȼһ̣޾ǻԣ˷ӿһ㣬к£ڳϫϡ
ԶԶȥԡǻеĳϫ˯һŵУ˿˿Ƶǹϸ꣬ÿһ缡ڣƤĤǡѪ⡢ѨϡһЩؼʣԱϴóϫϾ
֮ҲõȻûʶȴøΪ͡
˵֮ǰϫʶûеһڱ޳ʣֳӨϾӨ͸ıʡ
ֽڳϫӳ˯֮󣬿ʼ׭̳ۻʱԵᡣ֣ʶ֮ԲٿصԪøΪ׼¡ܣ׭̷ƽṹٶҲ֮ø졣
֮׭ľ񹂵ʱһֹ
ҵûǿ󣬵ȴôʵĪΪҹ׭̷ƽṹԵʣϫı仯ȴ벻Ȼܿ죬ͰעͶ׭̷ϱߡ
ۻӵеķƽṹ˿ѷɫľ񹂣ЩƽṹҲûһͬص⡢粻ɿƵĻһ׭ѶȸҪѸľȥƷƹ켣
ЩѾѲϫ׭ľ񹂵ľ飬ټı仯ʱ׭ۻ񹂣Ҳо
֪ȥ
һ죬ǳһŴĿ⣬ȸڿգƽᣬѤõ̻ţþ÷ɢȥ
ľ񹂳ɹˣϫеĽߡ
һĨֵĻ⣬Ʈڽܣƻ͸ȰԵů͵ĸо
ԭڰƵĽߣΪƻĳ֣濪ʼù⻬һˮɾ͸
ĽߣֻһƷ񹂵׭̣Ҳ֪Ϥʱֻı仯
ϫڴţûͣϢ֮󣬿ʼ׭̵񹂡Ƶ񹂣

䣬ݳݺɣѾȥ꣬ǳʱ䣬Ҳʮ֮á
У̳ܵٴȺĹѾܵòƲ档ԭڳڵǣǰͰһ룬ߵļ඼ˡ
ϾȺĲϮͨ˶ԣֶѣټ̳ǵķҲһԴ˶ԣΪȥҲֻʣ±·ߡ
񻹼̳ڵģ඼̳ǧ֮õļ塢ѧЩҴҵ󣬾ǨĻҪİĳСİĵطɽ𣬾סΪûĸеı⿴Լĵ³һǿĶ֡
غһУ̳ǸŽ֮ԿȺʱҲǮǮûһ
¼ңΪ̫΢̳нȺĴӪҲ̳Ǹͬѡ졣
˿̵ĳ¼ҴУճţƺɬ
껶λһƬأüһ˿ƣ֮ɫɱȺǰߣʱ䡣
ЩҪƣһ㣬ֻҪܰɹѹأҲϧĵǣʱƣȺĹģѾﵽǧ֮ÿһζлͥ򣬰ƣܿͻн𵤾Ĵǳˡ
Щ죬ɽоɲ֮޺֮춯أ˷̳УҲǾ޴
ɽУ᲻һʵһϵ𣬴˴ڵĳš
̧ȥϳǺҶѧĸҶλΪϸǾĵޣް߰ף˫ü絶˫֮䣬⼤䣬Ҳһɱϵ
ԣϷɽеĴΪֻڽ𵤾ң̸ʵ졣˵һ׷ߣĸߴ࣬壬ѧĸ
֮ǰѧǵ̳֮ǵһϼ嶼âų¼ǰЩǿڶ֮ϣѧҲֻӵڶ
ɽ̾Ž𵤾ȷ٣Һȷ̳ǵȺЩ𵤾ָӡһɣЩ𵤾󣬻᲻иֲĴָһУ
ҶﲢûзĿֻǰԼĿ˵˳λѵûвʱ䣬ɽ죬޺ױԶţƿɲǽ𵤾ܹӵеġ
ԣڳ޲Ĭ
ȷҶ˵ǰ̳ǵһ⵽ȺϮʼֵ֮ʵʼ쾳ϸֱĻͥ磬޵ʵԽԽǿģҲԽԽǰЩӵʱѴﵽǧ֮ڣԶԶȥǵأѹǣɲ֮
ҵǣȺнֻͷ޴ﵽͥ磬ʮͷﵽϸ磬ʣµ޶쾳ʵڸȫ£̳ǲûݡ
һʵȴĸһӣʶһһȺ󣬻ŸΪָһУ
θ۳¼ҴУΪ¶
λ˵ĲɽбȻһʵԽ𵤾Ĵڣʵ֮ǿҲ޷ơ㣬ͷɲĴ󣬱Ȼ֡ʱҲصǡ
Ŀһɨܣڵü޵ǣֵȺУֽ𵤾λǶҳ¼ұս
ڳ֮ˣʵ˵̳ǵˮ׼ȴֻг껺ѧͥ磬һɫϸΪԽ𵤾ûκʤ㡣
Ҫ֪֮ͬУ޵ʵȫѹʿһЩ߱ϹѪĴǱʿʮֹ
Խ𵤾ȴڣڳҲֻѡҪôӣҪô
ջҶƳĬ˵״Ƕɡһɾ鷳¼ˡ
껻˻֣Ҷ̳ͬΪʱ̣ԵŽụŶԣҲҳ¼Ӧġ
ԣԶǰ˿ܵõ¼ҵıӻǵȷٲõĳκΣˡϾ̫΢ܹɱڤǿߵĿֲ󣬽𵤾ַȻȥ޻ء
¼壬ҵǸлģûЦΪ˲¼Ҵ鷳ϷѾһλԮλĽʿ⣬ڱȻִ̳ܵǡ
ԣ޲ϲɫȴüͷһ塣


265 Ԫ
֪ڽλ𵤾ǿԮسŵնʱʧÿ˵鶼ֳ֮ɫ
˰಻סк棬ʵЩ𵤾ǰǺηʥ
ԣҲԶ¶֮ɫ
ڶĿĿһãоص˴ǰʱ¼һû𣬶Լ̳ǵһĸҲĿעӰϧһжѲˡ
ЦſڵλҲ֪ϷԭԪɣλ𵤾ǿߣԭԪС
ԭţ
ԭн磬нˮ׼ֻ߲ͣ˽ܵ飬ǿ֣Ԫɵĸ˴λұȻԻΪġ
ǣǡ
ԣһܣֻϽƫԶСǵ죬ϽԨһλǾ֮ĴڣǰԮԼģȻԭԪڵĸˣе˷ҲͿ֪ˡ
Ц̾òѣ껳ĬʱһݣЦ㲻ʲô¼棬ƽڵĸĻǻʲôɵĵģ
ԭǺ⣬˹άһ³껣ϾҪ̳¼ҵ̫΢໤ȴ룬⻰һ˶Уڵٴ˳Уÿ˶˼顣
껵Ȼ֪ЩһԹԼȴʲô
ƽԮûͷܿͱ񶨵¼ҰٷϴˣԼǳ¼֮һЩ鷳ƽڣԼĳ¼Һʱǿ
ҳ껻иεĿǣѲƽ֮ˣϫҲڣǰԭǲμȺǴᣬһȡǰʮпܳ뿪ʱ¼ҵˣȫ͵ÿԼȥƴƽڿ԰ԼһΣȴֹذԼ
ǳⷽĿǣž¿ԼǵΣʱ̣ƽԮ
ǰȺ޷в¼ҵĴ⣬ȻƽԮĻ˷ѵ档
İΣȴǲϣԼֲʥˣչ˵ˣ𣿻Ǿ仰˰㣬֣㣬Ǳ֣Թ˭
ŵŵš
棬ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲСث˽λʿǲ
ãϫһʵ˵ģ
˵ԭԪɵʿ˴ǰ̳ǣѧǰ
ôˣϲɫҲסֵ¼㿴Ƿ̫΢ǽ
ͬվӣЦԶǿͣοǶɹѹصģߣһȥӭλԭԶĿˡ

¼լۡ⣬˿һȺˡ
ΪۣһŮ°ɫۣӺݻܣϸ
ʮʹƵ˵ˣȴһ˽ýĿâӿŻɽϢ
ߣʦ̫ˣΪ˵걻ʦŵһӣȴҪƵطʩԮ֣񻹱˼Ҿ֮⣬ˡ
˵Ůӣӣɫ𪣬񻣬òģ飬Ԫһ𵤵ӡ
κԽʦ֣ѵ㲻ôΪ׵겻ԼӣĹıԹ
ʦãʦоǰأɲǹⲻ㡣һ࣬࣬ȴһɵģ꣬Ц˵ϳУһԪɵһ𵤵ӡ
о󷨣Ƨֵôʦע󷨣ɺܲˣû˵
˭֪ءϳƲƲ죬зһ˿֮ɫҪ˵ǾŴȥˣô鷳
⣬ʦ֣ϽţæɲԱŸġ¼˲ֻҲҵǡƳһ۴ҵңһתЦ˵
ҲԣȥţΪʦÿһͨ·ϳ˵ţĦȭǰȥҪ֡
֣Ļ˺󣡡Ϊһֱûпڵ꣬üǳκԽӣģӢȴ쳣ڱԵù¸֮
ϳһ㶣ɫһǺ죬ȴǲҶ죬߷Ȼ˺ȻԼλʦּɵ֮
ʦ֣ﶯŭĪլۡܣżΪ󷨲ɣҲһʵ
ĽӲĻֻ»ᱻ˲ɱҹƲڤʿУҲκԽֻ֮̾²ԪɵĻɽɷԪ󡣡
ɱڤǿߣϳдһղԼľٶоһ²ѡ
κʦּȻϲǰǻȺǰѴ˽˫ַϣ͵Ǹǵĳˡ˼
ǰǰæҲܰװæȻʦ˵ǹ׳ǣҲҲͬ⡣ϳҲ
κԽдΪ⶯Ҳû뵽ƧƵĳǳڣĽ˵ģƭ˵ġ
뵽ܰѴ˽ţƽ̺һڳϱȻԼԼΪ𵤺ĵҲǲܰ
أҡͷ˵ɡ
ϳлһۣԻһЦʦּȻûоܾǱȻҪռΪˣֻ¾ˡ
ڻϵˣȷʵںˣһСǳصļ壬ȺֿΣ
οʱʦѾ̳ڵʿʵ߲Żͥˡʵκһ˶ԣǲֵһɹһһ
Ҳǳ֪ǲŸ޼ɵذע򵽳¼ͷϡ

κԽӡϳС˵ĵܵ˰ڣڳĻӭ
˵˶ᣬȴŽ𵤾ΪʵΪн磬Ҳֻ÷ŵ̬ϹϾذӭ˳ϴС
ȴǲмΪ֮෴Լо˵֪ԼʱĿжһ˿ɣԼʲôԷȤһָоеΪ
˲̳ǰæ껲ûбʾԼķУֻ̬ȴԵЩ䵭ˡ
ڳϴ׷ûãϳͻȻ˵λͬ˵ҵǰæӦҪģҴʦֳڷ֮ղżլۡܣһ໤̲סϲҪǱо֪λܷʹѴ˽øҴʦ֣
ˢ
䣬ڵʱʧ٣˵ĿⶼˢˢȥĿ졣
ƺе㲻װɣ
ɫĮȻѧжʱһҲҵԼˣʱ˿̣ҲֻӲͷƤȰˡ
ʲôףϳüõҵǰæλѵС󶼴Ӧˣ
ǴӦĻҵȱ֤еȺȫ̳һǬΣҲһԿڣȴһ˿Ž֮ɫǻȻûаЩ޷С
нпԭһЩǿİ֣ȴ˶ǣĻԼҲӵ˳¼ң¼ҲҪؼ䱳ƽֻҲŹԼ
ǳ¼һڴޱȣλ硭ٴο˵
˵꣬һֱĬĳͻȻĻ̧κԽˣޱҲǲǴԹˣ
Թۣ
ϳһû뵽ССͥ˵˿һֱûпڵĴʦκԽӣԷûԼ˼ߵҾó¼˼Уǧͼһʱ֮죬ڳλ֮С
е˼Ѿԣǿ϶ѡԹۡ


266 
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ϳеصݣһǿҵš
У˼ֱһȺ߹ԼߵʹӶ磬ҪȥȻӦԼ
λԪɵĵѣ⽣ǳ¼֮޷ģǿΣҵóһЩƵıϣԱл⣬ҶѧҶ￪˵
ߣȥ͹ԹԱ죬ûķݶϳвмߵ
Ҷʱɫһһףĸе޾ĳ裬ȴǲٶԡ
һĻУԭҪȰļλʱ׷Ϩ˼첻ԡУȴһ̾ƵҰ
֣ѧҲ̲סŭ𣬳λʦҪҪ˲ģ
ϳһ㶣ɫʱЦһƽʦŵķһˣ𵤾Ҳṳ̂룬ʲôʸҵȣ
ţ
жһĿҲù
˰̱˽ҿɫʱǺ֮أؿڼŭһջȻС
ǰԼǸʲôʸʣ
һ̣ӿĻںޣԼʦѰȴݰ
¼ʦ˵ĲǲֵĻҲֿȺϮҲǸ³ѵĿڳλͬݾû˵ҷзһ˿⣬ƿ˵
ûڳλͬҳ¼֮ڣҲȻɱǣҪᡣޱ
ǳأ赲ôӽһֱĬκԽӣͻȻ̧ͷڵ䣬һ˿ŨŨв
޲һûϵ°꣬˵˳Ļ
˼ǣҲӦǾͳֶȡҳ¼ҵ̫΢ˣһ䣬ŭѾٱıԵ
̫΢󡭡֣κԽһɫȴǱ°ƽ˵ûػʵӦñߵ׼Ĳûд
գʱýš
ڳ޲ĵĿ뿴껣ҪϵġЩ˶ԭĽ𵤾ʿʲôвƽԮҲԶˮȲ˽𣬴ʱ˿̣ƺֻһ·ɹѡˣǾǴӦǵҪ
ȻԳ껵ӣӦ
ף档
ʱһͯһСһ峺Ĵ۾С褡
ʱ䣬Сһﳤ࣬СӢۣǣֱͦǹ׳껡
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ҿԸһᣬֻҪԻٵ̫΢˫ַϣҿһ岻Σ
κԽ˵˳ϫɱȴȻûзϣһ벽𵤵ļһѣ˻
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ս飬ϫ뿪̳֮󣬾һֱڲϵսУպͷḻκԽȽɫԱġ
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κԽȻнܣһبĴӣ죬İɱ֮ضڲ޾ӻ۳УȻ£һȺƲĴꡣ
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ЦԷǣȴδܼϴ󲮵ʮ֮һѾеΪˡ

κԽԽԽоԼԵĲһ벽𵤵ϣһκη涼ѹԼһͷĹָ̥оԽԽŭȴѲ˶ԷĹѪ
羳ս
а벽𵤣ѹԲģмһ󾳽磬С簡
ʵǰȴòܣս룬ֵ֣ʵûһ˿˥ļ󣬷ԽԽǿǿֲĽҲԽԽ죬ԲҲһ㱩ǣÿһιԼòʮ־ԣȴԵüΪ⡭
ѵһֱԼĥʯڴԼΪͷһðκԽӵʱ޾⡣
һ̣׹սʼڣ벽𵤾СӣֻǰԼ󣬸ûԼĶ֣
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κԽظӿ޾ŭ𣬴̼˫ͨ죬ɫŤһһ˿ķȿԡ
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κԽ֮Уͷ̨Ϸ͵һҫ۶ĿĽ𵤣ڣһ֣ɢֲ֮ƣӿϢҲͻȻ
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ϫһݣۼʶԱԼΪ𵤱ըҲˡ
ɣҽջˣҲøᣡ𵤣ҡκԽӷЦ;ĩ·֮ԱЦȻ˵һ֣͵صԲ͹ЦҲ̡֮
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ѲԼʵļֵҲûˣԱ𵤣˺ңϫҡҡͷγԼĽ
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֮ԳƺΪħΪһ壬֮ӣħ֮ƿŲ˼֮ͨħԨԴ
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ȴǲɫذѱﶼݹҲ˵ȴڼţϫӦ˵Լƣʱ˵Щʲôźأ

ԶħУȻһ㲻ԼĶ䡣
Ӧò٣Ҿǰƽڣ뱱һˣǷ֮ߣ޷⣬ҲҪô̳ǳ׼ϫ˵
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֮ŭ𣬾춯أ
ʱ֮䣬ֵļ𣬳¼լۡҳһࡣ


275 Զħ
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ͬʱϵһУѰѺ«УһЦְ̧Ѻ«쳹׷
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ȻȥԭһƣȺǴֻʣһʱ䣬ҲóȥʶһԭηʢˡϫĿƵ
ʵһԭû˵ǾѴһƿֻȹ٣ܽ׽𵤾硣һΪգҲΪԽҪһʵƾٱչҲ޷һƾʱϡ
ýţһһ뿪ġľɽģϫȻʧЦο
ľų˿ٺɵЦǾͺãǾͺá


277 һ·

ǶȥλΪͶ֮䣬ɷ֮תն÷һȦȦ˶֮УӰҲ˱
ʱҪȡ֣ԪҲõһʵɱ䡣
ڤʱľͻڤϣһһܹЮ֮Ҳܹ˲֮ˡ
νϣڤΪã˵ľڤﵽ־ʿֱڤˡ
껵ʦͱˡ
˿չֳϢһ˿ϣ֣ѿǽҪͻڤļ
λʱ䣬Ҫڤϫֻþ̾ԼˣҲ֪λϸˣĻӴĳܹ˶ʱڽףҲе顣
ʱĳ¼ҴڣϯʢƼַǷ
ĵܵ˳ϫ͵ܵܣԼԵλҲûʲôӣЦ̣飬յҲڡ
Ȼڳ˶֪λ֮ԶԼ˿ȫǿڳϫϣλݺʵֻ¸Ͳһۡ
ϯλûͣͣ㳯ɽȥ̳֮ǰǾ֪˳ϫ󣬶ǶԣһҲ֮飬ȻᲵ˳ϫ롣
οƽڣ˵ΪϣͷϿɻˡԼ̫ϳϱ⣬ϫǱĽֵܣܰϳϫ˵ҲڰԼֶΪأ
λı֣һ۾̾ܰλǿʹô˳ֻ֣Ҳͳϫܹ쵽ˣԼѧѧ
һ
ص̳ǣԲ˳ϫ󣬲һȴòϫ̡
ɽڶ࣬ʵ˵ͻͽȴȱٳֵķװǰܴܲﹺһЩ
¼ҴУЦģǻһЩġľһıȡģԲװռ¼ҵıˡ
ţȷˣɽб仯ˣֹҵ࣬ЩҩݡʯҲƵţƷһƷʶ൱֮ߡ
ҲЦп˵ϧóӵɽȴ޷úáҵǽϵܣЩǩЭ飬ǳ¼Ұǹ÷ҩǳ¼ҩݵȸֲϡȻ۸Ƕ׬ͱһγ岻ʢ
ϫҲĶѡһǿ벻ۺ֧֣Щڼӵе̡ҩԺж١̳ǵһЩ壬ܹ֮ǧĶռҪá
еļóԹֲҩеļóޣͿٳһЩ޳أרŻһЩޣеļûʲôҵȴռһЩڳһ£һʷĲƸ
ĳ¼𣬲ѳΪ̳ǵһȱõĲԴĻҲȻ֧Ų˶ã͸˵ģٲʢˣʵ͸Դ֮ˮޱ֮ľһĵ
ɽĳ֣ɸ¼׬ȡƸṩһѵõĻںܳʱڣõĲõ⡣
ɣɽʮ﷽Բڵж٣һЩҩָж٣һжԼУ͵ڿһۺĲԴ¼ҵʢָտɴ
ôˣϫƬ̣İЦ⻹ҪлλϸȫܳɣλϸӹΰݶҼˡ
ʵɽеȫԺͨޣ֮ԻˣȻ˴æ˶飬Ӷ
һۣǳЦô࣬ɲڵȳϫ仰
ϵܷģԺɽеԴͳͳֻύ¼гһ⣬˵¼ҲӦЩҲӦϵҲչһЩޣ׵̫ݣϾǶҺͬЦ˵
ǵȻ֮ܳ־ãڹƽۣͯϸ粻òģһнҾˡ˵꣬ϫȻ
˳¼ֻ֮Ҫʲô⣬ٶʢҲֻʱ⣬Ҳϫ׷
Ҳǣ¼ƽϽһӻ̫΢ػټɽеĸֿԴ벻ǿѡ
û죬ɽʮλ𵤾ޣԼϰٻͥޣλĴ£ǰ̳ǰݼϫҲΪԺʱһЩ
ϫȴǶЩȤѾʱ뿪̳ǣǰԭԾͰЩȫ˵ܵܳ껴
ȻǳռЩһ棬ȴû뵽Լһ֣ЩһǼĪ
ԭЩޣ궼ǰɽݼϫϫնɱԳӥλ¼ǿһ㶼ûǡ
С¸˻ˣһȺǹ°Χ룬һ޽ɽеһ£ֻþ̾Сͳôģģɰˡ
ֹС褣ҲĿѣԣѪڣǻȻû뵽ϫ꾹Ȼɽйһι̡
ϫԴȴһЦ֮ʲộԼҲײŽɽеģΪ棬ûôࡣ

ಣ
УһұѹƲ㣬߷ɳ۶ȥ
ϫڴβŽʧҰе̳ǣĬĬ˼ھƣһָúʱ
ʱܵܳ껲񡢵׵ۿԼС褵ĿϫҲǰٰζҸȣ˭Ը룿
ˣԷˡľõ̲ˣСķڰϣִٲҵһоԣȡ
ϫʰ飬תȥȴϵ̲ˣɫ䶼ĿԱ߻һƣŨ˱ǡ
԰Ŷͦĵһϫ
ľŹ⣬ͷٺЦǰǰץ˺˳ԵģûôҲ֪ϲζ
ϫЦЦͻȻԼɻһλʦأȴǼй⿲ˡ
ء
׿˻һವһ´˰빣Сһﱻϫڸãﻵˣ˿̿ڵĲȣʱ˫۷Ź⣬ˮֱͳеĲȥ
Ȼһ̣ȭͷСС嶸Ȼסˣ̽ĲȸǱһ˲˳ͷ۾Թصľһθڱܴݲеģ
ľɫʱβѡ
ҳȣСһθڱˣЩ˲òóԡϫ̴ľĻԣӣһβȻһ˲䣬ɫҲһ£̧ͷɫƽʵ˶ٹ޻ΰͣ
ûΰͰޣ˵ЩںϰһΪһأһסľȻûע⵽ϫɫͷ˵
죬ôһζˡϫ̾˿ޱţҵա߽
ţƺйŹְľ˿ڰʹֱİ׿̲סҲ˳ԼĲȣһ̣˫͵صԲˣһ̣̫̫ˣ


278 ɽ
һ߳ݽīϺ֬Ƭ͵⡢ִˬ߾űԼһðݵķβڼʢڰϣɫζȫһ˵ζ
԰ɡϫһھƣľЦ˵
ˣҲԷСľæɫβѣһȴΰ͵õ֬о̫ˡ
һ˵֮ٹȲʳһЩͣҲһܡϫݹȥһ˫ӣݾܾ
лˡľƴǲã꣬ʼòֻͣһӨѩƬʱоڸ֮Եˬʳָ󶯣̲סּһԡ֮һʰʼ̻ûʲôнԡ
أ׿̧ͷصһ۸ԼʳľԼ죬æٴΰͷ
ϫ΢΢һЦȴվӣصпʼȺǴֻһʱ䣬ץʱȡʱڰԼΪ𵤾磬ֻμȺǴʸûС
һξǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ϫӴԼԼоԼԪ֮ڣһ˿ķӿϸ˿ϸעͲ
ˣò˶ãԼ׽𵤾ˣϫ߷һ˿Ц⣬վӣչһ½ǣ˴ͷ
ԶӦþɽɽǺبϽԭ֮ĽϼˡϫһͼӸ߸·ŵͼ
֮ͼľԸȵɽǾʹӵԽȥ
ľȻϫչһֱܣзɶݣͬΣգ˻пܷѡ½شеĻ˵ѵʱе㳤϶Իǰȫࡣ
ɽһĶ̾ŸָĶ棬ߡЫ֩롢򼡢඾Ϊ𵤾µʿУ޲ᱻʽĶϮմȾ綾𵤾ʿҲҪһЩⶾʥҩŸ̤ɽ
ʱ󣬳ϫ𱦴棬ľɽȥ
ৣ
էһֻҷбܳǧ򼱻նΪأʬˮͰϸǧֻצзĹѪҺʵ棬ľʱήȫޣ綾Ⱦīɫɢһƶζ
ɽų򶾣һ·Ķϰ֮࣬Ҹʵڻͥʿ߾綾һʿȷ̤С
ϫ𽣹ҲǱþ֮ѡɽΪĥԼѧΪĶթʵֲԼԣһȻ䳡ǲʹ˴
̧Ųϫɽȥ
ľಽظųϫıӰг壬ԭΪԼΪ磬ϫһͷȫ԰ﵽϫ࣬żʶϫչֳĿɲʵԼѽ׽𵤾磬ֻҲԶǳϫĶ֡
УҲץʱΪһΪҲԶԶ˦ںߣֳֻ׸ˡľսȭͷ־
һϿС
ƬϿȲ󣬵ȴܲдеɽȻͬݲǹͺͺʯֻϿλãһʮɷΧСһīҶ֦ޱȣͨһ˿˿ѪɫԵޱȡ
ʱڳܣȴһȺ˾£˵ΧΪǶ棬̾һͷĥ̴С߲֩롣
˺Ȼǣͷ߲֩볤һŽޱȵգȴӷӴɫʰ쵣˶ĵĶ°ֻŷŷ絶ıԶԶȥͷ߲֩ԵùаޱȣͷƤ顣
ӴܣһϼĶ͸żȵΣϢ
С㣬Ͻߣ򲻼
ͷ߲ʱϼ룬ǧĵУֻһɻΣʵ𵤾ʿҵԶǶ֣С㣬㻹ǸϿ߰ɣ
ߣס
ȺǸȹŮΪף߲ʱϼȿֲʮĽ˶ʾӣ˿ȴ˵
ҲߣҪһǶˣȹŮģҲƯ֮žµĹϣɷһƬᶨҡͷοҪɽѰīѪģҲߡ
ԣԱһߴüС㣬ߣҵܰӦУҲﲻæ뿪ɣ
ԣС㣬һīѪϽߣͿԴ챦¥ȡ㣬Ȼط峤֮˾͡
Ҫ˵ˣȹŮҧϵҲܱߺã񡭡ҲֻʣЩˡ
С㣡ߴϾʹ࣬ǿŮ׳ģͬŮĿʹȥ
ಣ
ʱ߲ʱϼ뷢˹ֻŷ裬ͬӿնĵУ˲ͽһȻ³һ˿סʬѪ̽˶ڡ
ϾţԼֵ˲䱻ɱԵǸߴĿѣŭһо޸һƥâն

޸֮նڴ˶ıȴ˼ӲޱȵĽϣһĻ𻨣ȴû˵֣ôʱֶȥ
ţս߲ʱϼ룬൱ڽʿˣһĨӰϿǧ֮⣬˲ͿһĻ
Ȼǳϫɽʱ䣬һ·Ķȴͷһ֩붾
ʱͷ߲ʱ뷢һ˻Уֻеĳٴηһ˿̣Űˣ֮˺ѵһ
ֻһգʱ䣬ٴƶǣͷĸζ
ߣʮһߴŭ״ȻǣͷﾹȻСɱȥˡ
ٹ˲Σ޸ᵲڱȹŮǰҪնӭϮһֻС
飡
ǣľ޸ͷĳնϣʱƿһѪģ˺ۣɳȥ
壡ȹŮѩ׵ӿһĨ֮ɫֽ߲ʱϼնɱȥ

Ȼߴһ붼磬ͷУǺв͵ߵ̲ͣסһ˻һֻţɨ
ˢ
ۼȹŮҪնΪ룬һĨۺȻէ֣ƾճֵ⣬ƥķֱ߲֮ʱϼĽա
꣡꣡
ֲĽ͸ͷںֱײʱǼӲޱȵиƬȻء
ȹŮæȥֲŵϻƬ߲ʱϼ룬ƲԼ˹
С㣬û°ɣߴڵϣ˿ڣȴֹסѪѪҺϺɫȻղһҲо綾ˡ
ȹҡҡͷѹæܵߴߣ˷˵壬ͷˣˡ
С㣬λǰǣϽȥллλǰߴ촽ϣȴǿԳԶ˵
ȹŮһ㶣̧۾Ϳһݵ꣬ڳģƮȻȻԼԤеġǰģԼһ
лǰ֮ȹŮ侪ϫᣬҲ̫ǿߣеһЩһʿ
֮ͶѡƮ裬ϫ˲ǰɨһܣڳֻʣŮǸߴ껹š
ǰ˵ﻰºС㶼ɥˡߴҧվӣֵ
жˣǸϽ˹˰ɣ֮ΣһöⶾõĻ屦ҷ¡ϫҡҡͷݸߴһöҩһУĿⲻһƳʱͿǰĳһīԡ˿˿ѪУԵޱȡ


279 ʴ
ԼĪĴָϸʮƬҶӣΧһʢĺɫҶӡɣޱȣӨһĹһѪɫɢɢ㡣
īѪ
ϫһϳޱȵҩݴؼһһľ綾֮Уÿһǧ곤һƬҶӣﵽʮƬҶʱͻʢһ书ЧҲܹ֮ȫ꣬ʶʥ
벻ﾹȻһīѪֻЩ˶Ϊȴ⵽߲ʱĹϫ˼
СŮޱǰϫīѪǱȹŮɫһ䣬æǰ˵īѪ֮ǰ
ֻǡ·ϾҪ뿪ʲôľˡϫЦЦָīѪ˵ôˣضΪ˲ߢˡ
ޱɫȻͷǣԭǰҺ壬ȻӦùǰУǡ
ԣҲ޶ô㻹ǸϽȡɡϫҡͷϵ֮Ѵﵽʿĸ߶ȣȻϡīѪ
лǰȫޱû뵽ϫ˺˵ƯϾӿһĨŨŨĸмԣīѪȷ̫ҪˣҲðΣǰɽ
ϫЦЦת߲ʱʬԣһһʬƬмһűɫӣԼĪ뵰СӨӨ⻪תɢһ˿޵Ϣ
߲ʱһڣΪ飬ٶҲһ䱦ˣĻֵҲΪˣܶһһؽ׷
ϫİű飬ޱȴСóһУīѪߢȥīѪ侫ڣһ˲䣬īɫѪ֮ɫȼյѪҺһ̺ž˵ҩ
ಣ
ȻָҪīѪһĨӰƾճ֣һ̣ͰīѪ𣬶תߣٶ֮죬֮˲ӳǧ֮⡣
Ҫޱɫ䣬гиһ˿ǻ;
Ƥеǿ֮£ɣ
ϣ
һΧһһģȻһֱʸУƽ͸ױȵķ֮

ϫӶһվ񲼲һɱĽ˺飬ƽɫĽңңնһԶݵĺӰ
ߣĺ
ǵӰһߣͷҲأ˲ϢޱȣݺݳϮĽȥһһĨڹӿŽɿ쳯ϫӶȥ
Ϊ˺Ȼǣǹڹ֮˫Ľ񱻸ʴһ͵ѡ
ʴ⣿оȻо綾ӦһִޱȵĵƷѧһʵֻڽ𵤾ңȴҲκβҡϫһУһתȫʩչǿ֮ʹȥɱ˴ˡ
ǰҪ׷ˣȾҼС㣬첻ˣߴ꽹ֵ
ϫһŤͷȥȴޱ֪ʱڵأǽ۹⻬ļϣʱȴһһ㸯ʴţøɱή
𶯣԰
ԶԶһƳǵӰѾʧϫҲϨ׷˼תޱǰתתΪľ˳ֱ۾עԷڡ
ľܹ֮ԴȷҲżΪǿĹЧճϫʩչǶӡһľ£գۼһƬɫֲɼЧжǿˡ
һյ蹦
ޱɫĺ綾ϤһڣɱļҲ±þӨɫȴǼΪ԰ףϢޱȡ
Ļߴ곤˿ͨһڵأмߵ׵лǰлǰ״Ρ
ϫжݲѣߴֻŮĻȴĹԷθػŮò塣
˶̫ԵԪһʱ޷ָպѰһЩԪĵҩ̷Ӧָܻϫڵصĸߴ꣬
ߴͷжԳϫĸмԱ
ˢ
ͻȻһĨϼӶδѴˣǼһٶ̫죬ӵˡ
ľأһڳϫߣǸоԼ̫ûˡ
ûʲô˵ģ´μ˲١ϫ˻֣ԼƤ߱еЩѻ
ǰ˵ԼƲߴͻȻóʹöģȻǷҶ˾ռ֮ˣҵǰɽʱ˾ռҵĴү˾պҲɽ˵ΪѰһЩĶ
Ҷǣ˾ռңϫһ֪ϽûзҶһǳأĪԭһУ
뵽⣬ЯͼһȻԭϣ˷ҶǣȵǣīڵĻڣȻҲ̾ڷҶǡ
ҶǾɽ֮Ͻԭ֮ĽӶ԰
ǰҼС¾ȴ뿪ˣԵںҶĳضɨԴ㾡УҲҪ˴εľ֮ʱߴ걳ȹŮޱ׼뿪
ϫԷͬˣִһޱȵŮɥʧսֻɽֻ߲˵ǳȥɣҲҪǰԭȥҶһƣҲʲôʱ䡣
ߴĬĬͷжԳϫмᣬ嵨һҲû˵Ľݰ֮ܲ˷ĵؾ͸м
һ·ϣϫҲ˽⵽ߴǱȹŮޱһЩǸߴͨǺҶټҵĻ죬ŮޱؼҴС㡣
νɽΪ˲ߢһʥҩīѪֻǲ߲ʱ룬ȫ
Ҳֻʣͨޱһ
ϫʼΪҪðΣߢīѪʱͨȴǿɬҡͷ֮û˵ԭ
ʮ֡
ϫ˴ɽ߳һƺƵӿĴӳӺƵһͷȵˮѤϼ£һٺɫƵĺ֮Եò׳֮
Ͻԭ֮Ľӡϼӣ
ݴǰϼһͷһõϼʱֳ˵ɾѤϼ⣬÷Բڵ鶼ĿɿڴҡҷԺ󣬴˺Ӿͱ˳ΪϼӣɵĴ˵ת
ϼӣһжҶԶδ֪ǰ·޾ΣգҶȻǿĻʬɽѪҲ޷ҳΪǿߵĲ
ϫϼӣһһϽȻתûκԥϼӶ԰ԭɳ۶ȥ


280 Ҷ
ԭеĺ֮أ˽ܵ飬ʢнԭ֮ơ
ţûʲô䱦򲻵ģûʲôܣģؼûʲôζƷģƵݣ¡
һϼϿշУһ淭ͼϫͻȻԶĵƽϣһȻޱȵĺӰߴǧɣϸһȻһۻ׳ĳǳأһ۾жߣ
ಣಣಣ
ݹ꣬ϼɫɫʿ߶ݹ⣬ԦɽͨƵĳȥ
ЩʿоȻһϸ֮ϣͥ𵤾ռһ󲿷֣иλǿߡƺʿˮ׼ԶԶϽ
ϫɢʶһжʱ̾ѣϽԭֻһϼӣȴһ
ٽҶǣϫͨޱƼǴǱ𣬰ǵѾ㹻ˣοʲô֮أǲȥΪá
뷨ϫľȥ
Ҷ˵λԭԵ֮أȴϽԨǲ֪˶ٱ·ϵʯһȾ⻬羵۴αȵĸߴ̻ԻͣֵҲǿֱ֯ȴûаӵ֮С
һߴϵķڳеÿ䣬ҶǵأԶԶȥڳϿһƬϼεΪ׳ۡ
ĿĵڷҶУȻóϫһĿϾӵĸоһж˷˲ͬ
㿴ǲǾǻڵɽľͻȻһָԶ˵
ϫ̧һͿǼԶĵطһưľɽֱƣ֮ͨԡһƬɫ֮УȻŲ֪жأȴԾϫеһɳ񣬲ɺİơ
ɽܵɫɢģɣƺһѹһɽ룬֮
ϫͷ
˵ɽһ֮ͨ˻ΪΪ֮ʿУ֮ȴ֮ĸΪ쾫Ϊ裬ؾ裬ν֮ơ
ؼ䣬ӵ֮ĵط޲ѵһĶ츣أܰɽŽɽϣӴ̵ȷѰſɱȡ
ڷҶǹ˰죬ϫѰһ¥ϷŽľһھ¥¥ٴλãһζȣƿҶزƷ¶𣬴ϻвٵʯҺҲõѲ
˵챦¥պ󽫻ٰһᣬ˵һ鵤ĳء
ɣ˵˵ܰʿڽ׽𵤾ʱɵĽ׼ʣ˱
С֣ȺǴֻʣһһʱˣĸͥԲʿϣʱڽ׽𵤾磿챦¥óһ鵤׼ûһأ
ֲЩǷҶӿôͥʿԭΪ鵤
˭˵أֻҪ׽𵤾磬ֲʮ꣬˭ϣȥʶʶȺǴʢο֪˴ϣһЩĵؽ׼Ʒֵ鵤֮¡
˿˴챦¥ٰᣬȫΪЩμȺǴʿİ

¥ܲ¥Ҳ˸ʽ˿̴պᣬԵޱȡ
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ؽ׷ҵǲȱܵõһ鵤ɽʱоųɵİաϫ˼⣬֮ǰǱԼΪҪɹ٣ɹİֻ߳ңӵһ鵤ֻҪʲô⣬ѾٲõĻɽʧܡ
ߣȥ챦¥ϫľ뿪¥

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˿дʿ챦¥ڽϢԵ÷ޱȡ
ϫʱǾɹһ֮Ļֺ뽨Ҳɰ࣬ǰ챦¥ϽԨǡ᰺ڵ챦¥ҪѷһȻʧɫ
챦¥Ҳ֪䱳˾ˮˣˡϫһ񣬳챦¥˽ȥ
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ҲǣչֵֻǻͥԲϢԵʮͨһץһѣټЩ챦¥֮Ҳˡ
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ˣҪؽ׼Ʒľʵ
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СллʹˡľͷٺɵЦȻϫ˵£еΪˡ
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ŮӣȻǽԲ磬ɲ⣬ӳϫʵڻʸǵ
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ľѽͿˣ˵ľһЩؽ׼ƷÿṩһЩɫȹѵŮЦĿⲻ䣬ȴͣ˳ϫϣѰζ
ЩһЩù⣬֪챦¥ԲԵ£ľ
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紽߷һ˿Ц⣬˵н磬һγһؽ׼Ʒ˿ɲټϷ¥һȻϵó
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ϫһ˲ˮˣвɰԾԼÿһν챦¥ƺӲλ˵߰
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Ц˵꣬شųϫʵһ챦¥ҲûŪƾʲôƵЩɾǿҲòԸж
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󶦱˸ǧžƬڵƷɢµİơһ֣ͰҵĿˡ
ǬĵɼƷ֮һޱȣͬоԴƵλȻӻʸж˴һ̾
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Ƭ̣˵ʮӤΣ
Ӥϫһ㶡
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ԭˡϫȻȴ˼Ҳ֪˵ЧΣպԼףֻҲ벻ˡ
ãʮӤϫҲԲ׼ǮǷ񹫵ȻϵˮˣӦòԼ
ϫͬ۸Ц뵣ļ۸Ƿ˵㻹ռĪˣϾһЩѳֻ֣Ӥ
ϫЦЦȴҲ˵ȡʮؽ׼Ʒ֮ٴεõһʮӤ
صֵ̾ߣʮӤȻʸľǬҪ
գϫõһ챦¥䷢һŴ浤ҩľϱ˸֣һӤʣʮӤ˸
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Ǿͷˡϫӹ뺯֮ǰû뵽ᾹȻơ
ˣҶҪСıī֣ǻڵĽ𵤺ĵӣڷҶӰĴ󡣡ѵ
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뿪ңϫܾͣľһһ¥ȥȻҪ߳챦¥ʱľͻȻ˵˿쿴ǲͨޱ𣿡
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һ͵㻹ؼҴС㣬ѵͲ챦¥ĹߣڴӰˡ
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㡭ͨĿѣͷͻȴǿסˣǶԻĿǻһ˿롣
һĻϫҲɰ̾˿ԼףֻؼҲѵ㲻һСС߾˵
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˾պۣȻޱһ㶣ŭеīѪҵģߵģ
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ҡޱ죬
ﵹһľߣȥһ㣬عϫҲȥ߳ȺֶһĴָϸںԲľͷ


282 
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ǰޱȻ︡һ˿ϲҵ˿֧ûģ
ͨǰߴͨ촽˵оϲǷԷθĸм
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ǰһĻĮȻ˾ջûвȣΧԹۣһжͨޱ˵Ĵչֵ쾡¡
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ϫɫޱͨͷȻߣһľΣ
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ϫҡͷ̾Ϣ㻹ŸʲôѵûҸղ˵Ļ챦¥߾Դ˵ģ
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ûٵʱ䣬ϫóȭǱ
еĴȭֳֻУһɽӣһ޼һģ״̬ﲻ޷ŵаġ
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־򳡻ּۣͨ˵֮ײγɵĻǴȭһɽӵڡ
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ڵķУһƻкһˮУӳڳϫӿֳڵĹ綴ˮ


283 
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峿ƮС꣬ҶһƬУԶԶһеʣ±һζ
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ϫľ챦¥ʱǿаɾĴţѱˮй֪ͨǰμжˡ
ϫע⵽ǰμʿУֱ뺯һͨ뺯ռ˾룬߽Ӵ
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Уûʶ˰ɣֻмصƷѧ򣬲Żӵڵһλʦ˵صƷѧĪɰĲľƶɣһܲסƷѧ
ľֲûְɫϼ⣬ԭˡ
һʱ֮䣬᳡ڣ˶۷׷ףϫԲȥ²⣬Ϊӵһۿǰɫ򣬾ȷǾһƷѧɣ
ΪǬԪУֹһƷѧ޲ֳɫǰһģһֺ
ӵǲһЩѿһЩߡ¾꽣ŷһöɫҲһ˿Ľɫ𰸣һƷѧѩʨ
ȻǵƷѧ
ѩʨ죬ѵһ̺ɵĵѧ֮Ǻĺܣɱ֮䣬ΪʤһĵƷѧļֵҪ߰
Ʒѧȱó²ܣҪ֪ڴ꣬ҲֻʮֵƷѧ
ҲδأƷѧ亱ҲޱȣǱõܲеĵҲ˵
֪һıһƷѧֳʱը˹˶һ𾪣š
ֻгϫɫһ˿Ź֣ⲿƷѧȻѩʨʱʱסˡΪⲿƷѧǬԪоѾ


284 ɷʥˮ
ǬԪУͨһǰʮÿ˿һƷѧϫǵѡһ벽Ʒѧȭʣµİ˲ƷѧУеһǡѩʨ
Ҿݳϫ֪˲Ʒѧֱī顢ǧӡ顢ѦȰ˵õ
ʱڷҶǵ챦¥ϣȻˡѩʨһ˲ϫˡ
Ӧīóģ˵ǻڵĵ̣ǻڵĽ𵤺ĵӣ˭ϫܿƲⲿѩʨԭ˭ֵǣīΪҪһƷѧ
ī߻ԻڶԣһĪĳ裬ɾüִƽ飬һŭ޴йϤйīͷϣŵĵλҲ᧿Σ
ƿϫ˼Ц񣬻ڶ֧ҲҪٵõһͻͬƷ׵ķѾܣֻʹѩʨùһֵĵؽ׼ƷΪһ֮ȺǴ׼
ϫŻȻҲǣȱٳַʵӰ켫īҪȺǴȡΣҲֻѩʨԴ¹һ
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һƷѧļʮӤÿνмۣõһǧӤŷֳңʧʱؽ˵׼ۡ
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Ǯʣҵǿⲿѩʨϫ˼ǬԪʱͶѩʨЩĶʱֻѡһҲֻѡ˴ȭϾ϶ԣȭ⡣
ϫѿĶˣûʮӤֻò˵
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俴˭ϫ˲ǰǸ˾ռҵĶү˾ջ벻轾ݵļһȻôƸʮһǧӤںɼ䱳ӴĲ֧š
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˵ţ֣ӳֳһӰʤѩɫüȴʮ㣬ԼԼһɲ⣬ƺǻһĳζ
ȷϫ˿ƿĿ⣬ȴھַ̾ûпӦһֻ׾ܹԪ۳
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˵ѩʨĳһۣīȴԸԸ͵ļ۸ߣҲԸԼĶͷսյõ
غڻڵĵλԼõ䵱Ʒѧˣ˼ȴһǧ𣬻ԼĶⲻǳ
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ῪͷϷһƷѧѩʨߣųıȴϽ«װŵɷʥˮ
ˮܹϴӾǣõһ̥һı仯ʿżΪ˼ĹЧ
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۸Ҳǰеͷ֪ŷûж౨˱Ȼȴײ֮һЩԵʿУ绢
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ߣҴԣģȴˡϫаŭѣɫȴƽ֮ٴαۣʮ򣡡


285 Ҿ
ϫԶһ֮С
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ǰʱһµ꣬ģᣬɫѩֽ˫䣬ŹĹǣһһεѹ䣬ÿ
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磬嶾ѪҲ֮ĸʴ⣬ƺòɣ˾ջһתСʵ
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ڵˡϫЦЦһ֣ȡʮһǧӤŮߣУϸϸ
ܿ죬ͱ֣ڲƺһϢӿ꽻ѪһƴѪɫսС
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鵤ģˮڣԺ˵ϫԵúܻ˵


286 ۲
챦¥һεᣬȷƵʢǰڶࡣ
ڵؽ׼Ʒϫߺ·һһֺϣͨŻ磬žâ˸֮䣬ɢһǿҵĻ

ڳ˶ǺһϣһϵϵϵԵϣ֮ƷƷڵؽ׼ƷС
ϫ׼һǴûãǴļ۸̫ˣǵ׼۶ڰӤȸղŵĵؽ׼ƷҪֻ߳ȵƷѧѩʨԵһЩ
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ᵹҲûʲôļҾۣȴίʵ٣硰ɫΡѪ衱̫ʯľȵȣϫһͷѾޡԳ
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˾ջȻŭҧгݣɫ޲˶ɡ


287 Ļ
ƵƮ᳡ܣּžķΧԵüΪͻأһֱָĵ
˶סˣڵսҲȻʧЦҡͷѣҳͷΪ˴ѹ˾ռҵ棬һţǿɾͳ˾ռҷйŭĶˣڵ˰Ϊ˳Ҫˡ
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֪˾ջ˾պ۵ĲҲﵽ˼ޡ
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Ҫʲô˾պоЩ
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ʱ֮䣬ֳһһ鵤Ҳͼֵʮңղһʮ򣬾ѾĿɿڴˡ뵽۸񲻵ûͣͣٴαǵһٶʮ
һٶʮ򰡣ʮؽ׼Ʒˣ
Сӣ㵹Ǳ۰Ҷֱ֪ôдģǵɶĬ˾ջ̲סЦоһӴûһ̣һˬ
ұʹ㣬һʱû뵽˾ү˺һǧ𣬲˾ռĿţƸˣҴ۽磬ò鵤͹˾үˡ
ϫ𣬵˶Уȴܸоһζһʼû鵤̽һ˾ջĲһ
һʱ򣬾˾ջһϵЦݶʱ̣׻ԴһʼһѪ嵽ɤۣ³
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˾պ۷Ȼϯע⵽Լܵܵ״̬е㲻ԾҪ˭뵽ԼܵܣȻѾ۳ջĻᶼˡ
һ뵽ֳֻ˶ЦԼֵܶˣ˾պ۾ͺ޲һ׳յܵܡ
Ȼ뷨ǲʵֵģҲֻ뿪۲ΪʡԼҲ塣
磬ʲôȥԼ綼Լܣ˾ջʱŵڡ
ߣܺԼ°ɣ˾պߵͷҲص뿪ȴҾߣһСӵݣͳϵĲƱһҵҪ˭Цң
ϲ˾նүһٶʮ鵤ֱʣ챦¥֮ȺӣעᱻнͨΪֵġ̨ϣŷǺĹ
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˾ջȴǵڵأܣᡣ
ۣһڣȴ̲סЦû뵽ϫϷŪҲ˿̱
ʵ鵤ġϫ͵
֪λ˾ү̫סҲ̫ɵ翩ЦЦֱ֦
ϫӣҲоʵЩЦ˾ջȷǸһõķԳסҲ˾ˡ
ᣬȻһ󣬵֮ǰĲ׳ʷ׳ʣԵõȻζ
ϫûд󣬾ʹ뿪鵤˵ȥò˵һźҲû취˭ֳ˾ջôһүΪ֮ƣҲֻܿԼȥʵȥɷˡ
ҪС˾ռҶı뿪ʱɫοɰ˾ռҵĴСλүˣֻһ챦¥ټͻᱻ˾ռա
ϫͷ֪Ҷڣ˾ռҲԳҶְɣ
ǵȻҶǺôҲǻڵĵ̣ɱ֮£˭Ҷǣ˾ռȴҲȥƻڵȨ
˵϶һӴڳУƲⲻ߳챦¥һͻᱻ˾ռҵ̽Ӽأһ뿪ҶǣȻ⵽˾ռҵĸΧˡ
˿ҵĴǱ᧿Σˣϫ˼˵ɫȴһ㲻ţһģ
ѵͲģһֹۣҲ֪һǵأ޿֣ż
ﵣˣ˾ռƴ󣬵ȴסҡϫЦóĹԼҲһ˿ж
˭ˣߣϽʧǰʡķ
ϫЦЦľ뿪뿪ҵʱͻȻת˵ĺлл㡣
˵գͷҲصس뿪
һҡҡͷϣȴһĨЦ⣬֮һȻ죬ʵȴƺЩͣ˾ռҵĸ׷ɱĻȻΣգԼҪҪһء

챦¥ֱ߳صջϫһ·Ϸ˲ֹһ̽ӣֱƹ֮һÿ䡣
Ҳʶ˾ռڷҶǵ֮󣬵ȷ˵С
ˣǽô죿ľСʵ
°ɡϫ治еĻʹڷҶһʱ䣬޾֮·
ô˵ȴڷɿ˼ʵһڽ𵤾ʿİΧӳҶǵĻ󣬵һϵĸ֣Ǿ鷳ˡ
ֻҪԼȹ٣ӦʿһսʵˣܰΪҲ׽𵤾磬ͨǿ֮ȻߵİҲ㡭
ϥھ¥µķУϫ˼ãջǰĻᣬԼʵϣֻҪʵ㹻ǿһⶼӭж⡣


288 ɱ
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ϫڳ˼˵ѴʱڷҶǣŬΪܸоһЩͺԼΥΥԼ־ԼڵеһǷϵ
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˾ռвһ̿ʼľû˴ǰƽᶨþɥءǣʱʱ̶̿ӱܣ룬ȥ¸ҵԡ
Լʧȥȡģη

һжΪΥԼĵģ
ҵĵն޾壻ִ£Уƿشҡֱϣ
ҵĵûаպ;ɥûжܺη塭
죬ڲסۡ
أס
쳾ɣɱβġ
һˡն񿲿赲Ĳ
⣬ҵĵ
䣡
һ̣궼ڲڻ統ͷ֮ľඥ֮ͷͨ±üᶨͷôϾĵİ˷ϮȻ
ԼԼ䣬üһĨǻ۵Ĺâ˸ԡ
ľǲˣȻ˾ռƣǾһ档ϫľеԼķ䣬Ȼ˵
ˣôˣľ˷ܵĦȭƣΪһͷ߻Ĺ޿ľѪ࣬սһֿȵᣬ
ţˣˣǰЩͬˡļ̌һϫܸоԼλ˺̥һƮȻУһ˿ǻͨζԨsţ纣ͷؼܺǡ
ֻһЩˡϫЦЦȻó챦¥ĵõľڲһЩܣϵŵĴбأҪúñܣҶԣ˵һԵ
ڴ챦¥֮󣬳ϫͰؽ׼Ʒϸϸ̽һȻ֣ڲһ˿ϢУŵľһͼͼֳһѪɵľŸּɽ屦Ե
Ҳʱף˾պ֮϶Դмӣԭֻ¾Ϊһݱͼ
ǿһޱȵ磬˵ҲǾɽһƬ½žȻǲ˼鰡ľһҲɱòȻҲ˵ִ˵
ǰһܣҪȽ֪ϫ
УⱦҲҪһˣǵ˵Ĵ£ľɫһȻ
žţֻһ翵ıͼѣ˾ͶˣֻҪϲںġϫЦ
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ľߣϫִӸóһѲϣСɽƵĶڵϣתϼƷ༫Ϊ
Щ漰ġʯѪ滨ݡȵȣǬԪѹε޲󺱼Ĳϣֵ޷
һǰľɷֽ㹻ܱķѩˮβѪҺںϣƳīܹ֭ˮе⣬ӳȫڷʣҶʺݺľƣһʷܹﵽ״̬ȡī֭ˮΣɢƳķƽṹԲ
һ˼ţϫһߴڶУԼҪģɫרעһ˿صǰһγ䵱Ʒѧͽӡ
ھ˾ռԿʱѾԼյмܣúø˾ռһġмеһ֡
˵̳߳ǵڣҲûҲûаѷõսУֱǶԼսһ˷ѡ
нսУһλʦսͬѷɫڽޡ޵ʺսְҵʦսзӵʿҪֲ
ԭܼ򵥣ʦս֮ǰȫԲһ󷨣ã㴦ڶ̱ӵĽսУҲóһһĸַҳȥֹĿըУе
κһλͷʦսʿսжһָоԵĲһˣǧԼǱȺŹĿ桭
ȻʦҲߣҺԣǾ̫٣ԷĲˮ׼ձ鲻ߣܴﵽʦ߷ʦˮ׼ģ޼ëǡ
нһ֪ǾķʦУֻһܳΪʦҪӷʦﵽʦĸ߶ȣһڳΪʦ伸ʾ͸ãˣһҪ
֪¾ƷԼ˵е񹂡
ƷģֻܳʦǷʦˣģһⶼǴʦҪʦʵˣ񹂣ǵȾ绹ҪߣѾ˷ʦķ롣
ȻϫԷ֪Ѵﵽһּߵˮ׼ҲֻϽױʵ൱ڷʦе۷ˮ׼
Ҫﵽʦ𣬻кܳ·Ҫߡ
ΪܹϽױҲǼΪģ˵ȥȻᱻһ̥
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һϫʼʣȰҶʺݺľõǰҶʺֻаƴС֦Ҷϸ緢˿ȴΪͣնϣƬҶӳֲֳͬɫԶԶȥһɫʰ쵵ëһҡҷˣ쳣Ư
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һĨӳϫƼӿ𣬽͸¶ȲߣɢһĨǵĺ䣬ֿһ˪ɫ
óۻڵһַƽṹ۳һֻ棬ڤҶʺݣܹЧͶȺԣ˵ֺ
ʵۻ̺ķƽṹǧ򣬺֮ÿһַƽṹóǻзƵһ֣׭ڷֽϣܹ𡢺ڤȵȲͬڤֻеһ֡
Ȼֻ治ʵʵģķƽṹԳϫԷƿأ־ʩչٷ׭ڷֽʹá
ܿ죬ڤĺ決£Ҷʺڵˮֱϸ緢˿֦Ҷϸ˳͹˶ë
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˰ҶʺݣϫŴ㹻ƷʵıʼõǺСЩҶʺݱ֯һſʼʵıʸˡ
˵Ҷʺıʼ⣬ܹ˱ˮεī֭ҲĻǱʸ˵þǰʶԪӿ룬ʹ֮ͨ裬ް
һľͼΪʺΪʱʸˣͨ尵ɫӯŲӲܹԪʶС
Ϊ˲ý֮ľƷʣϫľ۳һɫľСŰľСĵһ飬γ˰߳ʳָͨ尵ɫԲ⻬ıʸˡ
ʼҶʺıʼ⣬ľıʸˣҺճһ
ҺһʱձʹõĲϣֲܹͬĲںһ𣬶ͻʹɵƷӳѵ
һӺ
ϫһõķǰְɫķʣһĦʸУʼǺѳֳѩɫֻԪʱʼܲŻֳһ߲⣬Ʈ죬鶯֮
԰ʶԪӿʣһĸоȻӿͷоԼԪʶˮһڷУջڱʼ⣬Ϊ˳תţָоʹָƷʳԪʶ֣֮һ޼ϵ
˱ΪԿ˾ռƣ־ͽձʰɡϫϣձʣʼֽ
Ȼ֪һ֧ݲһֵձʣ޾֮˷𶯡


289 ʰƷ
ǰľԼĪָһֵ߳ɫʵؼӲһĵؽ׷ľϸѣֲǵİƣÿƶɢɫΣԵúء
ǰľʵһľԵϣֽȷ֮ѡȴδԵЩ˷ѡ
ϫȴЩֻǰľķֽ޶ȵسܷƽṹӶعͨһϽױȫӳ
ʼǰľϵĶۻң·Ҫ˼ÿͲ޲ˮ
С̡ȥʡԡһǰľһۿɼٶڱ仯ţϷƵģ˾档
Ҫ鹦ڳϫĻʵޱȣûгΪ̳һƷѧͽʱǴֲϣֽҲеһ´ǰľȻޱȡ
ܿ죬ǰľϫַһֽÿһŶְɫȳһֲǵɫƣһĨɫˮ
൱ǰľֽƷʵȷ֮ѡϽױʱ赣ĳܲסӶʧܵΣˡϫЩֽһ࣬ʼƷһ衪ī֭
īƷʣҲһ̶ӰŷϼѵķīܹƳȳķƽṹܹ÷ܹΪع֮ͨӶŷﵽԲ״̬
ЩͬһƷףȴǿΪõķīƷʸߵͲͬӰ쵽
ʵֹǷīʡֽĺûƷʦˮƽĸߵͣҲӰŷƷʺϫģǰκһ涼ﵽϳ˵ĵزԴϽױ⡣
仰˵ƷϣϫԼҪΪ̣׷ÿһ涼˲ܴﵽı׼һᣬһССƷѧͽʱ򣬾γɣҲΪ˿̵̬ȣŻƷһչֳߵԺ츳

һУʢһִ֮ɫѪҺŨɢһֻβľѪֵ󣬷Ӥļ۸ųϫɫĳѩˮעУɫľѪʱðһݡ
Щÿһв϶СԲ͸ںڰ׷ཻھѪгʱը̺ӿ˲еĴɫѪɫꡣ
еʧУγһƬŨī֭ɢľγХ״Ưÿ׷˱ɢγһյش
ʡֽīһһǰϫһɾΥĿܣˣԼֿʼƷˡΨһͬǣƷΪ׬ǮңΪ˶Կˣ
ϫһֱǹɫ£ڰǰĦʸеķʣһɫǰ߱鲼ķֽƽ̰ϣʼⱥպ̺Ӵķīһ˲䣬߲ʵϼӱʼƮɢƻá
ԺУӿֳһµķƽṹЩǴľзγһΪľƷṹ
ǳ׭񹂵ʱ򣬳ϫͷ֣ľ񹂣񹂣̺ķƽṹƺезƣ԰ղͬķʽһַ󷨡
ָоͺ񹂴зƽṹÿһ񹂶һԵĸַз֮Դ
ľ񹂣ھ̺ľе¾Ʒȵȷƽṹƣ޷㡣
ԳϫʵҲֻܴҳһЩϽױƣڸƷ׵ģܹ򵽣Ҳ޷Ƴʵƣû취ı䡣
ڶŤ޹ǣһķƹ켣ӱʼӿɫķֽϣʼɬǳϫδƷԵʣܿ죬һ˴ǰĸоʷ濪ʼ鶯ֽϵķƽṹҲ֮ȻȻкһϪˮ޸ۼ
ľϽױȻľ̺һ֣ȴҲܸ֮Ҫ׭̾žŰʮһַÿһְַžַƽṹһҪԵӳÿУͬҲܳƵһ嫵Ĺ̡
˵ܸӣɹĻϽױ൱ڽ𵤺ʿȫһ֮
ʱһһţҹˣ
ʱϫһܵĵһգգڷֽϣɫƽûһ˿ֻдһֱٿطʵ֣֤Ǹˡ
ľһΣϫǱƷ֣ȴҴţ¾ŵϫΪ˱Ӱ쵽ϫϥڳϫǰԲȣܣֻ¸κη紵ݶҲӲĶĿ
ʱҶ˾ͽУҲڲ߻һԳϫж
һɭڵң֩롢򼡢ܡߡЫӣһӴľˣģޱȣͫڷѪĹâ־綾ޱȵĶޣһŶУǧ֮ҡ
ȳϢͬÿһռ䣬һͨ˽ŵһ˿Ϣ˲䱩УΪŧˮ
֨֨֨֨
ʱڵĸֶ񷢷һ໥ɱз˻Уÿһ޵һ˲䱻ɵսޱȡ
˾ջվ⣬Ѫȵɱ˻У˫ֱϸ¶һ˿֮ɫ
֪һǿİ취໥ɱֻһͷܹͷսɵͬĶֻҪܷԼɱøֲΪеߡ
ǰеڶ඾µһͷʵɱΪ൱ڽ𵤾ʿĴڣ綾ѪޱȣҲɲޱȣͨʿҲᱻݺɱΪһ̯ȳĵŧˮ
˾ջȴЩѱڵһŵ޲ƳһԵֳ˾պۣջǿеľţʵʵ
˵СӴ챦¥뿪󣬾һֱڷ¥У˾պ۴ջĿ⣬Ťͷʵ
ǣǻ쵰ֱͷڹ꣬ûһ㵨治֪ҵһСôҸ˾ռҽа塣˾ջм
ҲЩֻ㣬ֺݴ̽ô˾պü
гϫ̽ӻرӦòǷҶǵʿɱûʲôɵĵġ˾ջ룬ں
ãȥɣЩ̽ӣҪʱʱ̼̿סСӣֻҪ뿪ҶǵĶ˭ʱҵӣСӴƤӵߣҾչޣ˾պһָǰң˵
磬һʿѣɱɱˣΪҪǣ˾ջʵ˵ʱѪȲҵɱ̲ס˸˱ȥ³ɾ̫ˡ
ȵȰɣʮ֮һ˾ͻˣʱСɹǾֻڰذˡ
˾պ룬ԸסʱȱСӣϾ챦¥ڷ飬ҶˣСˣڱȻԴΪڣѹ˾ռңʱ׹˭е𡣡
ɶǻڣǴԣ޲û˶ˣ˾ջջֹ
һһģҶҵŵĴбأӵ㹻ʵ̤ƽˡ˾պ૵ӿ˿˿ɱ


290 ʮ
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˿ֵ磬¥ϯķʿڴˣ̸۵أַ֣Ƿ
챦¥ᣬҲμˣƵʢǰʷ׳ʣʶĿ챦ĿһЩ£λ𣿡
УʲôθڣҲμᣬʲô¶Ҳ֪ģ˵һȷǲ
ģǱˣòãϽ
ˣҲ޷յϣֹ˾ռҵĴүͶүμˣڵĽ𵤺ĴīԼͷսҲУǵ֣͸֪ⳡģжʢˡ
ȷʵ˾ռҵĴү˾պۣǽԲΪ嶾Ѫʴ⣬һҲһīս˸˵ˣǻΪҫ۵һǿߣǾȻϣȷϡ
Ϊϵǣǿɾʹشˡ˴֮˺䶯ͻȻɱһƥ첻µزµĺ˾պۿеķӲߡˣʲô˾̾ǣ鵤ʱ˾ռҵı̫ԵսվʹڣССһ£ҲֻǾ棬ûʲôͻ
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ǿǶʮӤҲ̫ˣ˾ռֻ¶Դ˺֮ˡ
˭˵أʱڳ˶ɵˣ˾ռѷɫڻڣҲǷҶǵһ⻹ͷһⱻ˴˵䶯䶯
ţ˾Ǻηʥ˾ռͷҰ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻҲ˶ˣ˾ռɲ˭ܵģһ֮ŶûУֻ˾ͽҾıɱء

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ֻһ˲䣬ȴвһ˿¶оһλǿĵɨһۣȴ˸еһв
ƽһ飬ϫܿ׵ԺŷһΪľϽױϸϸ
͵ʵأ鲼ɫǰߵı棬һֵͼ֣ççֵľдҰƬأһȥͼһƬӿɫתΣɢһĨǿҵľе⡣
ףȻԲƷʣϫעãиһ˿ϲоϽױ̺Ѿﵽ״̬ٲһ˿һ
֪Ͻױֵ̺ҲˣܹϽױķʦƿصĵĿھ֡
ǰšľڵȷ̺⣬ȴֻľеһ֣Ʒȴܴﵽĵزβóϫϲ
ܿ죬׹ľеǴľСУֻҪ⣬ȷҲϽױﵽز
ϽױͨҪ̺ҲҪ߳һһϽױ൱ڽԲʿȫһˣ
ϫɫɸһ˿ЦݣһƣӿͷϽױԪһ룬֮Ҳľ޴ָоվһսһƣ޲õͷ˯
ϫûϢĴ㣬еķī㹻һϽױľȷīȴ̣Ǿ̫˷ˡ
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һŷʱҵ״̬ǰУ۷״̬ڶʱԪʶ㣬ȴеϣеԭɣ
ϫ˼Ƭ̣㼴ٶ룬ƣҪٻָȫľС²ٳɣϥʼϢ
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һͥСһȴ˳үδ̫һЩһ࣬һĿ࣬ǿɲ˰̵꣬ҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
ĪҪԹˣʺɱˡΪ״ҵļ́ͷ˿죬ʱһƣһŲҰֽһԲѪɫ˫


291 Ӱɱ
һƬɱ֮С
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ףǵС﷢ءͷҵĺ䵭Įǽһ̣¥ǼӵĵƹϨ˵ĿӦѷǡ
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Ҳ֪СģβҿǺþûвˣ˼Ͱһģİ͹ŮӣɫĽ°볨¶һطѩӨأȻʮ㡣
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˼Ťı̬ĻƻŮôصһۡ
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һߣмߣ֪±ˣҲᲢۣ
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Ϻܼ򵥣ֻ˵һЩϢ׼
һԲΪԸ飬ó͵Ϯɱ˾ռҰӰӳɷؽ׼ƷյƷѧɷ¾
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𵤺ھΪұ綾Ыһµս֮һѪȣؽ׼ƷóԻǣ깥
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С㣬ֻעòֳϫ顣ҲӰߣ˲һ
㡭ҧݱò˵ĽջȻ˻ֵȥɣ뾲һ
ǡޱ飬ת뿪
һܱ˿ãϣβ°ɡ֮󣬿յķĵ̾Ϣ

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һϢ¥ٶȷ࣬Ϣһһûı䶯ʵ顣
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Ϊǿһֱ䵱ųĽɫ
ȻʱڿҪӽϫķʱΪ׵ȴͻȻסŲ欵ϸһ˿ɡ
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˵ǧﷶΧ֮ڣû˭ܹ̽⣬ߵʿҲ޷Χڶ̽⡣
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޹Ե˵ͷϾԡ
ٶ˵֣ȥ

һƬ޵Ŀռ䣬һƬΪСֻ˲С
ľǣվƬռ䣬ܹеһо󣬵ӷвԼټȴǸܡ
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ֹÿһֶЮɱһУ˷Ŀֲ˿ͬʱڷУǵһ˲ͰѷڵΡ齡ְڼȫ촷ۡ
ղһգһԭӦþ춯صĹֳһϢ״̬ޱȡ
Ȼһ޹硢γ֣ҪѷڵһһжɱϢУ죬𸽽ʿע⣡


292 
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һǰһͷһѾҳһ̯ࡣ
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һؽ׼ƷɷӤһѽƱЩһû
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ʱڳϢһ˾ռȻ棬ܲ㵽ףϫ˫ָ˵


293 
쬣쬣
ӰԾǽУ˲Ϣټ
ǧأϫľһççȺɽУһصϿѰٵһȻʯͣ
ƬççȺɽнﷶΧϿܲŸߴĹϴУѱټ
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λ˴׷ɱĶһͥԲʿҪܴһ޹硢лѰʿɱȡ
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Űɣү࿴ų󣬲ܾò̤ʵģǵΣʱ̣ҷٴ
ְ֣ô˵źãӵֵزٲӦֻǸҼ۲ɡ˾̾Ϣ
ҷߺǺһЦ˵Ǽ˽ҡ
ȥɣ㻹¶ΪãɱһӣǱڵһЩϹһֱأһټ¶Ҳû취ٻסˡ˾
֣ҷһָͷס˵գӰһΣһĨڹ⣬ٿȻʧ


294 ְϮ
ããȺɽ죬ï֦ܵҶ£һԵİޱȣĻʺټ
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һ޴̸һ֣˲䱻顢ʴγһޱȵյشԶԶһͷƤ顣
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ҲҶһᣬرһһ۳ϫеĽٶӿһ˿м
УϫĽͨqqģ޹⣬ֱմӻ¯Ūջһģɫԡ
ʦ֣һǲײĲᣬ˵ô࣬ҲǶţٰ˵ֵϾǲͷ
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ĺչ䣬ȫӲû˸ղŵ緢ɫг֣
ܹоԼǰһĽâжеһܴԼ
ֱֻҪԼһ˿ڰƵĽͻԥԼĲӡ
ղһɲǣԼ䣬Ϳ羫׼ޱȵĵԼһ֮أоͲɶƵһִ־塣
֪˵һջһƬҶٶҲ˲ϢԼɱ
ҡ䡣˻ƸɬղŵĲм߰͸һɾ֡
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ôܣʦֿǽ𵤺ڰϫĿ⳯Լвһ֮ӡ


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ĳǳؽʲô֣
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ѡǰ֪شΪȺǴ׼ģĽش̨ϣֻҪȡðʤʿһа˳ϣܽȺǴǰһῡ壬ҲѽشᵱĥʯԴԤһԼȺǴϵΡ
Ŷԭˣǲμӵĸֶ಻ࣿ
ܶ࣬ǳֹ࣬ԭʿҲкܶĽһЩȴμӣƺɵ¡诸ӣĻʸȵȣǶԣȺǴǰʮȻһϯ֮أԲβμӽشҲ󡣡
ʸ죿ͻʸʲôϵ
ʸֳ˵֮ţ°Եʵ죬Ҳºƽƽ

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ݳǾϼɽ֮أԳϫȽʿҲֻһյʱѡ
һ·ϣϫ೯ݸȥʿŮģȴΪᣬӢ˲Ŷݹ⣬ʹޣ׺ѤͷףǧԵַǷ
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Ҳֻүӵд˵ȱ˼ҿǽܼҲһĽ𵤵Բǿߣ
ǰҲţүճʱ츳ܿ˵ϻ۹ܼ֮Ҽһ֣ȴܾԣˣӵ֣
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ѹƲ㣬֮޲¶֮ɫֱʧҰУŸҵۡ
үڽǣҲһλֿȵ˵ʶ츳޲ڣ治֪ġֳĽ֮ɫ
ǰүʵһţҲֻɲˡһԿȻ
ϫһжնУҲǾ̾ѣǲ֪һһµǿһɽһɽߣ˭Ҳ²Ͼжپ޾׵ţµǿߡ
үʸաӵˣǰû˵Щ֣ǲԼĻ̫СʶҲ̫ǳӴЩϢ
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ðɣǧ֮޽ʮ̨˹սôȥʲô
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һжóϫԼμǱȵĳǴԨǣμӵҲֻǾϽнıʸҲֻϸ硣ݳǣһ۴ʿǼ𡢵ΡǷΧͬն
ˣСľͲμ˰ɣŶʱľ
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ȻһжֻǸδ֪˭֪ʱһЩҲù翪ڡ
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ֱϫҪʱѲ֪ˣҲΪź֪նݲȻ
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ܿ죬һϮµͱǸУ뿪һ·ϻȻûз֣Ⱥлһˡ
ûãϫҲͨΪĲԣһǧӤȡһöɫƣƾƣѾԲμӽشᡣ
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303 񵥳¯
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һֵһһ̭߽֮뿪ʤ̨κ˵ս
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һںҲڨڨѣ˵ʲôȴֱ͡
벻ϾûŮˣˣҴ˴ҲƽϡһЦȴǶݺݵǣӮСӣ㻹Ҳӣ
ǰڵŮˣ𿴳Ưʵܶ඼ǻƿ
ֲ÷գû۹Ůˣֵ
ԶԣǺȾƣǡ
һںѻ뻺һգ׷׿Ȱ
עôҲһ档ʱٴһĶ˵̧ͷȴһ续Ůӣⲽ
вһ˿ϣղŮ飬ǰλ϶ˣϵĻƿɾ̫̫࣬˾ˡ
עʮӤĳϫʤŮӣ³֡
˳ˣɵˣиһ˿ϣҲȻ飬Լ̫ɵ̫棬仯̫ˡ

¥һһϮµĬȻ
Ŀ˸ղŷ飬ԺȴǰԼһƬеһĻ
ϫ
ǳϫ
ĵŭͳ޿ҪȼһͷҰޣֿʼ궯ҪԼǣæһãƽ
ѱñ֮ɢ˵ĺ
ղŮˣ챦¥ˮ£ȴǼΪءڶŮ磬ˮ̸ӣΪǿԺ¡ʸӰĴڣΪ˵͵ʵȴɲ⡣
Աߣл˵ŮˣǶǲ뱨ϫǲҪ֡
һۣĬãŻ˵һɱ


305 Ů
һ磬
ϫľϴ֮󣬾뿪˿ջ˿̵ݳǣɽ˺ʿڿĽֵϣһɫͬһ۶ȥ
Ҫ·ϫѭ˳ݳ룬һƬռǧĺ˿Ǻ֮ϣѴһޱȵĳأϱߴʮ̨
⴦ظϣ㹻˹սͨɼӲ侫ʦ󷨣Եڤ龳ʿĹ
ʮ̨ҲӲޱȣԱȫݵĳй߱
˿̣ӵȺȥǺѹѹͷ˴߿գƲ㶼ɢ
ߣ˵һһһıΣԴֶԣȡʮʤʮʤҲпܣʮʤĻûôˡ
ȷˣȡʤĴԽ࣬ʽΪ硢սϰҲһһͬĸ־Ի
˵Ҫȡðʤ̫ˣ
ֹѣֱ컹ѣһЩһʿ˵ĽشϣܳʤͲˡ
˵ȡðʤʿһȺǴϵǰһ㣬ܹȡȺǴǰһʿ񲻶һȺ̬
˭˵أϾȱٵľš
һŶӣһ˵ۣϫȴûзһ˿ĿڽشᣬȺǴᣬЩҲȫӰ첻ľ
ܿ죬ϫѭͨ˽ش᳡С
ȥʮ˸̨һԲεĹϯΧ룬˿ǹϯϣ˺ѹѹȺֱ
ϫĲ̫ǰߺмλѱֻʣƫԶļλûš
λʵҲнģλúõģܹȫλ̨ϵıκξ֮һлѧϰõĶսɡսıԵȵȡ
ϫȴЩĴ˿ҸƫƧλ£ȴ͵ؿǰߵλϣһŮڳԼ֡
ŮһϮ£üѩսޣԲü͸һ˿ǻ۵Ĺ챦¥
ôҲˣϫ˹ȥȻ
ѵֻôϽ°ɡָָԱߵĿλϫһ
СѰһλСľû˵꣬ѾһʧȺС
ϫȻͺ£һЦ⴦λòλ룬ҰԿʮ˸̨ϵıϸڡ
˵⣬ŤͷʵˣҲμӱˣ
ûֻ·˳һȻˣ˵ɲɣǳǳЦӣ΢򣬱ݰ¶Ķˡ
ȷɵġϫͷ
˵ͽԵ֣찲Һ˭ı䲻ˡֱųϫζ
ȿȡһ࣬òͨɫľګ仰Ҳ̲סɿаԸ̣Ů˵ѻ۾գһ£Ҳ֪˭֪ϫμӽشᣬͻ𼱻ǵҹ
ϫеԲо仰е˼̫࣬ҲǷǣֻתƻ⣬Ȼ˵λǣ
Ŷҵһ͵ھˡЦȴǲźۼغݺݵһۣƺԼġ¡
ϫЦЦٶ˵ῴòͨ꣬ʵȴһλز¶ĸ֣粻˵Ҳöʡ
һֱĶһҵˣһ̫ɶҹ¥û˵㻵Ҫúýѵһ١Ц˵ҿעʮӤ˵ĻҪң
ϫȻƺûӮɣ
˼ǣҲඣҧӣ
⣬Ȼ㡣ϫ̾ϢŮ˵ôˣĻˣֱС
ȷҪңѡ⡱ҧĺء
⣡ϫȴǻȻûͷ
ĸԸ
ĸԸϫеͷۣɻ㡭ôˣ
֪ĸԸңҺܿġԳЦһգһգģǽ޵ķ飬˶һ겻ᡣ
ϫʱͷӦžĪطһ˿ָоеӦֹʵڲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ףϫҲɰʱϴһĶ˵һǳɫȹѣ˿٣üĿ续Ůӣӯӯ˹
ϫȻŮ磬ǬԪʱйһ֮Եڱ˴˲ϤһֱûнҲֻ죬ϵͬİ·ȴû뵽Լк
Ϊϫǣ羹ȻԼֱߵλˣԭһʿʱȴѲټ
һϫ磬ұ磬γӵұ֮ƣһʲͬԳƵϾɫĴŮһĻĽʵĿ⣬ֱ޲ðѳϫɱȻԼȥ
ˮ̸磿һ࣬££˿ָһӺŵģ
ŶϵңԴȵ
ϵ㣬ˡǳǳһЦҲ֪ǿЦǹô˵ġ
ȻЦҲкһᣬֻʶϫûô
Ŷ뷨һȻ
һġ͵ʶңԲŲҺңʶϫûȥ㡣ʶԶ
ҲôЦ
ô練ʵ
ҩζʮ㰡
ŮԣϫоͦĪģôԵ޹ʾǺˣѵ֮ǰйһЩ鷢
Ҳ԰֮ǰ粢޽ġ
ѵΪԼ
ϫԼ뷨һæ£۹۱ǣǹģɮ״ַŮ֮Ľ棬ԼǲҪΪ
Ȼ뷢ʲôƫƫͷʲôһ̣Ͱìͷ˳ϫϣЦʵϫҸҲô
ϫа̾Լμӽشģɲǵеİ
ش㡣һƳϫ˵϶һȫİ취ִ𰸻ҲԸ
˭شˣһ̣Щ߳ŭˣһۣһ̣ĿȴǿϫҾ˵ġ
ϫ˼ãŻ˵Һǵڶμ棬ǵһ˵
ʣУȴɫŭ֮ɫһɨգɷݹ
ԱߣɫȻȻ񾲣ȴһ˿
ȻҲҺڶμ档ϫҲɫԹ˵ˣҸ˵Ķ˵ˣȥˣǱ̨ʿڽء
˵ţϫվӣͳһ̨ȥ
ͬʱһһԶ̨ϣɲڽгϫ֣
˻һۣжǰղѣΪ˸һͿɶŮ˳ܣȻ˹עǲӦð


306 Կʼ
ұ̨ϣɫ䣬ķŭ֮
ҹʼͳϫԵĶľ־ͱ÷з¥һĻĻһЩ֮ͽûӰ¼ݳǡ
ͳϫ֣ҲһԳһÿʿУߵľʯһܵƵƵĿ
ĿǶһӶõһָоȴֻе˳裬޾ĳ裡
оһжǶԼĳЦܻɣǲ˶ΪԼ򲻹һ𵤳ڵʿ
ָоѻ֮ûбŭͷԣɫǵŮӾȻóʮ򡢶ʮӤǿ϶£ѾȱһʼɱУһƵУԷٶ໨Ҳʩչذɡ
֮ܶǾκⷢģԼɾͳһЦΪ˲෹Ц
ţǸһôüͷвɶⴧȣĪһԶˣ
뵽⣬߲ɷһ˿ŨŨĲмԼǸ߹˶֣ȻûУǷһ
ʮ̨ϫϢ֮ϳԶ̨һֱ࣬ʿҰ
Ҿ˵һ𵤳ڵļһôֵĶ֣ƣĵӶûУǸ
ڿһϴǰܣüˣǿϧҹŮеĶ󣬾Ȼһҷϣϧ
ϧʲô֤д֮ˣһֱָͷöֹӮ˱Ҳ˳ȥνһ˫ãɷ
ҵһѣ£̨ǰϫٳûг֣ʼֻع
һЩʿԭҲŷΧ£ڴ˵أҪʶһһзĶĶԣ뵽ֱʱûɴʧ׷ҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
ʱͻȻ쿴Ǳߣ
һ㶣ˢˢȥȴһεӰԳ߸ⲻص㣬صһﱳ󣬻ǵŮӣΪüԶü
ϫѹʮҪһӣ
ϫȱҸӷף
˻ȻҹʹݳǵϢȻģǸϽĽ𵤳ʿȻ޸ǳ
ϯλã޴멣߹Ϣ˵үһɨԶӲʵϸһ˿ɫѾͷôҲˣףŮ˺Ƕˮ̸磬Ů˿ˮ̸Ψһһˮɹ벻ȻҲˣȤ̫Ȥˡ
˵ʱүĿȴ˳ϫϣһ㼴ջأб޵Ľü΢΢һ壬˼
ﲻῴϳϫ˰ɣһ࣬ǧ
˵֪أ裬Ȼ֮ͬˣȴ֮ܵҾãֻܲ³˼ҡͷ̾ϢԴǼԼԼƳ֮
ϫ̨ˣǧ˵

ҶųϫĿ֮Ŀɱˣֻ³ϫѾɱˡ
ǳϫ
俪ڣ˿ڷӦһ֮Գٳٲ֣ԭڸ绨Ĺ̸˵ȴԼɵһܼ尾
ϫĲɵصͷղŵ飬Ů˽̫ˣ׷ʲô飿
ɫѿ˲Լ˰죬Լֱ̫޲ñʼȻһͷĻ룡
һһһıԣκιֶΣ䣬й˳̨䣬̨ʿһ꣬ɫĮȻűԵĹء
һǿ԰ŭԼҪ侲ǧҪͷԣ˵ǶԷһսԼϵˡ
һɨ̨ܣܸоǺѹѹΧȺÿһԼĿ⣬ϷʣڿһЦһ
һУ
һҪһо͸ˣ
ٴһȴͷԼٿϫɶ̲סŭһͷȥ
ɱϫӳ˼ѣ˿ԼĶ֣üëһԼɱʮ㰡
ֱԵʿһΣ˳̨Կʼ
̧ͷĻѹõķŭͿϤϢӿһͷŭҰҪ˶ɡ
䣡
ϵľ޸ȻɽСɱĵХڸͷ棬ͷųĻǧ֮ⶼܵ
ˣү̨Ǭһȣ̤ǰɽ޸ն£ƺˣ·кµĺˮޣ;ףԵ֮
ɱﵣ֮ʣ᲻ᶯãѶ֪еĴڡ
ʱΪ˲ԼΪشϵЦΪһ֮ھͰѶǸĻ˺̨ѹ˲ôࡣ
ȻʩչУ̨ܣ˶ʱɫ䣬һ̺ſ񱩵е⣬ͷɽգһּΪĵƷѧֻԲʿâ
һһ־ȫԸѵһƵУǸϫֻΣˣұǽ𵤺Ϊһֶɱﵣκһ𵤳ڣֻҲԵֵһ̣˶ҵ˼ͶҲòҵ¹С
Ҿ˵ԭҵĵӣʲףʵҲΪ˵ãϧǧǰʧȥ˺ɽ߸洫һҪҲһֱעߣһԺв¥ڿһЩ伮
ɽ߸һżΪĵƷѧ˵ԴԻĹʱڵǿźɽڣԭݵϣһλɽڵĵӣƾ˸ҲڴﵽԻ֮ĸ߶ȣϧŵƷѧ洫䣬һлԻͶ紵ȥҲʹ˥䡣
ܰѺɽ߸ⲿƷѧֵزҲһΪĽɫμӽشᣬӦΪ֮磬ϧĶǳϫһ̾ڸ˺ɽ߸ԻͲ٣޴ˡ
Ʒѧɽ߸ԣһвȱǶǣԶԸѰʿȴǴ´ˣСûһֶΣֻҪһ֮ˡ
ԶүһһУɫָ糣Ȥζϫ뿴εֵ
ֹүڳҲ۾߬ȭͷҪϫεֵΨִһϸڡ
ϫҲܵһ̺ĿֲȴûеֵǺȥ
ķ񣬸οУһȴٳȫκβԼ
ˢ
ϫûʩչǿ֮ں˷֮յȴһ磬͸Ӱȫһͷһ֮ʱͻȻʧ
ÿٶȣ
ֻǰһʧȥ˳ϫӰҲ޷

ĽԭϣȻӿһĨݣΪͫУȻһɭĽâ̵ۡ
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ҵķӦ죬ԥһ־޸ĨɱҪĨһ㽣âȻЩʩչһ룬ʱͽ
һʺһ磬Ϻ¶ɢƵ䷺һ亮⣬ѪҺ
ûһҸоԼ֮г˾һֲʺȻôԼɱﵾôɱ㿪ˣ
̨ܹսȺҲɵۣʤȷһڷֳˣʧȴңû뵽ġ
ֻɻһۣûйྪȣֻϫսŻĿ£ֻעΪսɡѧ֮ˣѰ·ϾΪֻӰսһѣھ¡
ˡϫջؽ˵
ܣֻн𵤳ڵΪôܻңҵɴ۾
սУвֻעΪʱȻԭˡϫ룬оһҲͦģĽһ䡣
䡣ҴþãŻ̨оԼ֮ǰΪȷЦ


307 ޼
ʿԴȵƳ˳ϫһۣȻ̨Ŀɨܣʮ̨ϫʤ
Ӵ쳹ʮγѣ˿˼ϫղһٶȣأ¡
ÿٶȣÿµĽ
飬̺ŷ֮յ⣬
Ͻʲôʱһλ֣ĽشϣϽʿǶڵһֶ̭ˡ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬳ϫ˰죬Ҳ֪ȥֻúεǸΧ۵λ
һһ𵤺ʿһصĿ湻ġȻϫλЦˡ
ûղƺδȫһߣҲ˵
ȷûȫϫ˵ͷԼֹûȫɵʵûʩչϧʵ̫ˡ뵽⣬°ͣʵҸղǲЩˣʵҿĺÿһЩġ
ŮһһЦЦ绨һ￴һ벻Ҳô𡣡
Ҳݸȴ棬һղžʩչ˼ʵ
˴βμӽشʿˣһһһıԣ̭һʤ֮˲ʸμӵڶֵսսͷϷ
ڲ̫࣬һһһıԣ죬Žʱʮ̨ÿ춼սݣ඼ƿɳ£ʵսٵĿ
ԭڲߵʵʵ̫ˣ˵ǽ𵤾ҲгڡڡڡԲСĲ࣬ͬȾ磬սʵҲǿʿȼ֮䣬ͱֻܡ
еүǧĶ̨֣ûϣԶˣĦһЩսɵĹڣһʧ
ϫҲûţĪŮˣۿıζҲֻԼһ֪
ֵһǣ˴βμӽشϽʿ˳ϫһˣϤ̭óϫһЩ
Ͻ̳Լļ磬ԭϽԼļ磬ʿһһܣϫȻˣ֮顣
οĽشϣֻϽʿϸϸֵϽ̳ǡҲ˵ڶսʿУϫϽʿΨһһɴҲ֪УϽжôˡ
ش죬ڶսڽ쿪ʼ
һ죬᳡˺ѹѹȺ֮ǰֶɣʢǰ
Ҫ˵ܹȡðʤľүһ˶ѣѱᱻͬȼĸִܡ
ߣֶʲôһشкֵܶģɵİǧϼڵ飬ԼǸսɶ֮Ľɫ֮үҲѷɫҿǶпȡðʤ
޴Щ˶£ӮҲϡ棬ҵǷ˺ܶףۼʵҲѷɫЩˣֻˡ
Ŷ˵˵ļˣ
ڵļ£ԨɵĻĮϽĳϫǰԣڵһֱȴչֳ֮սС
˵ļ¡Įȷ˵ãԶнԲΪʵҲΪ˵ãȴǸϫٶȵȷܿ죬Ըһ˴´࣬ھԵʵǰٶеģοΪһԵ㣬Ტۣ
˵ô˵ǳϫʲôɱûʩչء
ɱﵣҲа£

شУˣۼʼսģүǧ顢ȼˡ
Щ˶ԺպĹţʳȺΪ֮ǰ£Ҳһشϣܹȡðʤѡ
ڳϫǾ޵ٶӡ̣ûעĵطܹעĳ̶ҲͱԽϵ͡
ϫûиоʲôμӽشᣬֻһ½׽𵤾֮Լļʲôעȡȴǲôں
ȻееģΪսȡʤô׵顣μӱˣʵᱻȴ֪ʲôߣս֮£ȻûһʼҲеƣʱһͬȼǿߣսʤɼ
ΪҪǣʤĳɼԽߣսĸҲԽǿû˭ɵӣ̨սģȻǶԼʵмգ͸ĵϸ˵Ҫȡðʤ򵥡

һԽؼ𣬳еʱʧӰ٣˵Ŀⶼˢˢʮ̨ϣ֪شڶսʼˣ
ԭˮɽڴ˾λѴͽ̣
ʢĽףսҲҪͷ
ţɽ³
£ʮӰǳʮ̨ϣһӣֳǿʵ
ЩһﵹǴ֪ստʼĸֲǳʵǲǿԳô˻ӮԱЦ
Ҳֻܣֻ̨ʮ˸ʵ޷ʱռסġҲƿڵ
ϫһ˼Ҳܿ׹ҡҡͷ˵ûоԵʵҪռֱ̨ȡðʤͲʵ֡ףսΨʵ֡
ȻҲֻ֪´˵ĿģΪǷĽΪ˰ʤ
Ҫ֪ȡʮʤӮʮӤʮʤӮöʮӤεӣֻӮϼ֣ʮӤ͵ˣֹڰʤ֮ǰкηأ
ͽж棬жĶ
ȻսУүǵȸֶûг·ڵȴһѵʱ
Ȼ̨ʱЩֵӰǰЩĵһֱԣսҪ࣬һ󾪺Уջ𱬡
ϫҲûг֣ڹϯУζؿŸ̨ϵսҲջ񣬴۽硣
ЩʿԴطһٮٮߣʹõķƷѧԼսɣֱǰС
ϫһλΪʿ¹˴﷨װĲֹиɫķвĵҩʵǿĿսżȵȣʵƽӹȴǰõ˼£ʤùսʿһĿɿڴ˲
ҲһŮʿͨޣٿǧֻսЩɫͷףȴԻ¶ȵȣŮʿٿ£ɲɱͬʤ˾̾
עĿģȴһ³ߣɫڣһ͹ǷʰĹ󣬹ͷϸһĿĺͼׯϵУִһ˿Ϣ
սɴ䣬;ףսʮೡ޲һаܵУƺԵ֮
սʱеѪͻ͸⣬ͷһŰɷΧѪƣѪڵطģĿ֮
˾Աڵļ£һλԲǿߣ


308 ̨ս
Ѫȣ罬͸̣񷣬߽׽𵤾֮󣬲ֳס
ͷϿյǧѪƣѪƤĤڵѪﵽ־磬һ𣬶ɱа飬
ۡд˵ȾѪƣԶԶһ׷ӣǰ
Ҫ֪ߴﵽ𵤺־磬ͷоܿʮɣ𵤳ڣǰɣڣǧɣ𵤺ˡǧгֵļ󣬾ͱﵽԲˡ
սչֳʵ֤һ㡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱһλһԣͬȾУ߿ȫѹʿĴڰ羪ȵ
Ӧһֱδ̤ɽţβμӽشᣬһн¶棬ƾʵѴĺˡҲ
ŮԴ˼˸ߵۣϫȴЩĲɣԼԼоϵϢһԼϤζ幦չֳԲ󡢴ᶨƴڳȴ֮
ùŹֵΪԼϤĸоءˣڸڣɽɢϢζϫԺһʱˣǾϣԼҲɢϢ
һֻǷŵ幦Ȥ粻֪һˣȴܻ÷ŴУҲһӵдԵ֮ˡ
һ㣬ϫˣҪ֪ϵǼȻ𲻿ɵҲһҾݼخ˵Ҫ޸ԷŷƣĿܡ
쿴ԨɵĻĮҲˣ
ǼһﾹȻһսʮʤ½Ѱǳ֮һƥ
¡Įټүǧ顢ˣһĽشǸư
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һԼΪóΪΪܿԼٶȡϫһЦն¶һ˿ɲһóļһȥ

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ϫԥʩչ𽣵է֣âӿգ𵴻Ľ⣬˲串̨ϡ
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㾹ȻħŹϫһУϵϢԼֵܡϵĳͬԴԶԵŰ͡
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سɷ𣬷һ
ħţΪսأңһħּ⴫
ռ䣬ƻһƴֺħϵ磬ìŤֻԶԶһѪڣֱѪ
µ֮ţħںϣԼһ·ֻһжˡүݵеսȴԽԽʢȻչֳʵѳ׹ս
ԴУֻҲʩչȫǧƣ˵ϫأָ˴У
Ҳܺ档ͷ
ϫӮôתͷ磬вԾ¶һĨǣһ̣Ȼû˸綷˼
δȥ֪ˡͶһĵ񣬻˵ֹڴ˵ġ
ϯϣ϶ӿһĨȻϧ֮ɫǿϫһ֮£ֻҪ޶ˡ
ʱ䣬ƶһˡ
ŷ⡢ħֿɲ̨ķ˼ϫȫУ羪κеһݣԵС΢
ħӦҲͬˮһ໥ų⣬õȭУƺҲϫһʱ֪һ̺İҲ²ûȫںϷħֻ֮һķʽദںϡ
һȫںϣ˵ܱƳԼʩչȫϧҲֻܾʹֹˡϫٿȻһظֳˮϻ桢һâ绡һƮٵ쫷С
һɲǣˮִ֮ںڽ֮ϣȴɱ¾֮һжᡢֹ


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ߣˮҲ罭ƺ紨ߣҲ뽣񱩣ҰԵߣҲ𽣵籼ף޼᲻ݣߣҲ㽣仯ǧƮ顣
ؽĴƣÿһֶ̺仯£纣иãÿһԶԵУһƷѧɲ֮
˿ֽ̣һ֮ڣˮ׷ںϣȴɱ¾֮⣬ʱ̨һжᡢֹ
һ˺̵Ŀѿһ޷ֲĿӣǷƵħķ֮˲䱻ơ
գͨĺţΡ룬ɨž´ǧӰ飬һ˿һ޷赲
ǿֲĽƸǰѼ°ڣݺ˸߿֮УǻԡѪ˺ܲģ֮
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ү񱭣ȴƻȻ̨ϣųϫǼƿջһĿо֮ɫ
Ĵںϣֹı˵ԡؽ䡷ĲѴﵽ˵ؾ磿
үʱһλɽо̸ؽ䣬˵˽䱻Ϊһԭжһǰ˴ƣÿֽƶ仯ǺӣԲƤëǴ˽ֵ⸨һͬ޾֮ţһ
ԭ򣬲ⲿ㣬ȴȥֻһ֡ѣ
λҲ˵ڹ³УҲǻ۹˵֮ͨؽһ˿УȴûܹؽԲ硣
ԭֻһؽԲ磬ҪѰ˴ϤΪһУ
Ҳܺ⣬νءǰ仯һҲǡؽ䡷ֵ塣
Ҳƾֺ壬ؽ˰ؾ硣հֽƣֻžǵһؾ硣
ڶؾ磬ҪѰ˴еÿֽںΪһ硰뽣Ǭ޶ҽȵȡ
ؾ磬ҪֽںΪһ硰𽣵𽣵ȵȡ
ؾ磬ҪֽںΪһϫʩչġ𽣵ںˮ׷ֽƵ仯
εӣֱѰֽȫںϣؽĵڰؾ磬ųƵԲ
λɵ˵ܹؽ֮ˣһܹﵽؽһؾģѾƵǾ֮šܲ򵽸߾Ǿ֮ţִ漣Ƶ콾κγ޷ȥȥȡ
ҲˣүĿóϫһ޷򶨣ıκ䣬ԡ
һ̣ǧ飬磬ԼһЩ֣޲ϫһ̺Ҳζȫ֮
һֱǸ̥˭޷³ʵǿ˺ֵز˶ΪΣʱȴڹؼʱ̻ΪģȻΪʵҲʱչֵʵȴ˲䳹׵߸еĹ
ͺʵŶֵʵ˭޷֪ĵҲ޷֪ĵʲô
ƿҵķħ֮ôܣܣâ£ħɫۿɼٶȻָš
ħǿˣֻҪ˼ͷ­˲ָơ
ŭУⱩǣ˶Ȼͷ۵ģһüĿһ׺һԭͷ­ֻ׳ʯı۰ϣץࡢľ㡢ߡ顢ַÿһɷۣתɢħаĹ
һͨͷۣͷ­ɨʮǣóɱĴ̿Ҳ޴ֱֻ֡ͬʱ֣һǣҲǼΪ
ԶԶһ˿̵ļһoһ㣬ׯϣ˼䡣սʼʩչֶΣ޲ǿ֮ͨʨӡħ֮ٵڵͷۣѵһĺùսҲԾѡ
ϫٽһ±һֻ۵ȻŹâ֣ڣճϫȥ
ڤ粻飬һȥΣϫټвˣнһ˲۷硢סɽ֮⣬籩һɽ˰̨˼µĹѹ档
أŻҪ
ǳϫѾûȤˣսֱն¡
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ĽȻɭȻȵɱŨҵ˼ϢһĨ־壬㱿һɽնĴҪ٣ӵĻԻᱻһͷ­ƿǣձĨɱ
Ȼ̨Ͻֹɱ¾ĵĿ־ȴü²Լȥģ˲ǱвǰδеǱһӶǱӴܡ
ϫ߷һ˿ȵľǼԼ˳̨ϾҲԸƻشĹأ¶ˡ
䣡
¸ӳ̨ϫһҲѺݺ£ֲĽ̨һնΪȻй̨ܵƽһĿľĽۣȿµĽÿһ˿ء
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̫ˣĽޣһеĽޣ
ģһоУ޿ɵֵղһΪԼˡ
أѵһ֮ܶˣ
۷׷֮ʣ侫ֽɵ̨棬ַ󷨽Զð޹⣬ٱıԵ
ӣ̨ĴɽҲɵˡ
̨ļӲ̶ȣԿ½ԲʿĹֱʦ׭˸ַ󷨣ڤ龳ʿҪƻҲûһʱС
ϫһûƿ̨ȴ̨ķ󷨱ٱԵһж£
ҵǴ˴νشľٰ죬ֿǵ̨ƻλ׷ԲԵķʦ̨̤ʼ²󷨡
ϫıҲֻͣų̂һߵϢһ߽ζعĦЩʦ󷨣ҲûţȥղӮ˼£ûκεԺУԵúƽ
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ĪҪսϫܣϫ֮ǰʮೡսղָ¶սһֻǿ֮ĩȥս˼ң۸ˣݿ϶ôġ
ף쿴Ǳߡ
˶ע⵽ľٶͬʱЩҲ𾪷ֹ֣үǧҲȫվӣȺ뿪ϯ̨Ǳȥ
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شڶֵսˣֻһС룬ֲѹģھҪ̨


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ڶĿע£үǧ顢ˣһ̤գ磬ˣһ㣬Ӳ̨ͬȥȻƯϯϵȲʡ
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̨ϣɲǳϫѵǶҪսϫ
ڳ˶ʱȻ㲻Լ۾ϫεºܣȻλֵս
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۸ˣսչأֻҪվ̨ϣ˭ȥսүǳ֣Ϻأô۸ˣ˷
ǳϫվһսʱսӮֻҲʰɣ
ߣЩ鲻ЩСģشĹؼȻô涨ģ϶⣬ҲǸˣҪȡðʤһ׵飬ֻڶֵȡõİʤʵ顣
̫Щһôϯһ࣬޵üԲֱ
££˿鲢룬Ҳ²ⲻϫղŵһѳ׵ȼǵս⣬ǿܹϫһսԼʵĪĲ档
˵⣬紽߲ɷһ˿Ц⣬Ҳ˵УϫѾֵƽȶԴĶ֣չս֮۳ɰܣϫ֮ݣԭн֪
ô˵ϫӦøеˣüǹƽҵҲԽܣǹƽ
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ѵûпֱܼ£ϫƺûʩչȫ
һղŵսȻ֣ʼۼ¹ǿ󣬳ϫһ֮ӣûаٴеĽŸУ˵ʲô˵ڳϫУµʵܴκв
뵽⣬еĵǺͷŭһɨգ߲ԾһĨЦݡ
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Щ׷ԲԵķʦԾڷٵ޲̨ķ󷨣ϫԱߣýζ
һֱڷѧϰϣԼһʦֶΣ˿һĦȻֵѧϰĵط̺죬ʹӵ״ֲ̬֮ͬϣܴﵽϵĵزʹ֮ȥһ󷨡
Щʦˮ׼ӵеľ飬ȴֵѧϰͽбʦ
үǧ顢ĵϫͬע⵽ˣԸо֮⣬û뷨
뷨ܼ򵥣Ȼս϶ҪսԼүȻҲһͬʾˣԼ˴ǰֻΪ˲Լ׽𵤾֮ʵԽȻԽá
ֶ֮ܶԾԼԼʵô
ڳϫĵ̬үǧ顢֮䣬ȴǰӿҩζʮ㡣
Ƕܾȣ벻˾Լ뷨һҪô˿ϫһս֮󣬾Ϣľˡ
֪˽Ǵ˴νشϵÿ˵ʵСҪ֮ϣټϳ󣬰˴֮ĹϵȻȥ
λҪͳϫһսĳãκһ̨̤ʤ˳ϫҲʧƽǾأүҡȣĿһɨˣ˵ƽȴһ˲òǡ
ȷϫʮһսȻģҵǰȥսȴеʤ֮䣬ʧݡǧͷ
үĪʲôõĽ飿һ˵
ү΢΢һЦһȣ˵ĳȷи飬ܽ⣬ܰѾ˭սϫ
²ֹ飬ǧҲ¶Ȥ飬ֻһֱĮȻض̨ϵĳϫ˳ϫһжȤ
ܼ򵥣ϫȡʮһʤôͬҲȡʮһʤսϫΣү˵˭һ㣬˭͵һսϫ˰մ򿿺һͽһ⣿
Ҳáǧ˵㣬ȷ˹ƽֽսϫĴ⣬
һһʡüһսϫ֮ս˵Ļֻ»ҪϫһЩָʱɣǸսʲô𣿡
үһȻҵһϳ;ԲóϫӮȥ㵣ĵӦòᷢ
ÿļһΪԼȴﵽʮһʤӶһսϫҴܳϫ
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ˣΪǰģóһöΪעΣү̾˿һöѪ뵡ε塣
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ǴүһЦ壬˵У˭ܹһսϫ˭ܵõȻսϫĵһˣսʧˣ͹ϫУӵдֻҪȡڵ꾫ѪȻһյʱڻָ״̬˭ȥսҲʤ֮ĳôλΪΣ
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Ȼóһöע֤үƴ֮⣬Ҳ˵ԼʵżΪǿҵţҲóһöЦ
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ֻʣʼնһԲүóȹ屦עûע⡣
ô㲻ͬ⣿ҪһУүüͷһ壬˸ֱɨ
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ĬΣвʵص˵ͷмһãǾͿǾ˭ȴܳϫ
ǣһλ˵ĻүЦĿһɨ̨˵ȥϫڵ̨ʮ߸̨Ǿһһһ˭ȡʮһʤ
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䣬˶ʱ̨Ӷȥ޲ڵһʱһսϫѡ
һĻ̨ϵĳϫڻعӣ벻ҾȻֵˡ
꣡
ϯϣ̲סЦһ£ԳЦһ̫ˣʱ˻ԼЦ
һԵҲݸƣ˵ɴ˿ϫԼٵĶսǺĵģĿԴɡ
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ȻʱϵһĻˡ̨ϣǶԨɵĻĮڻԼĶ֮󣬾Ȼһ£ϫ̨ϣңңֵ֣ô˻ᣬдд裿


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ʱ̨ƻķѾ޸Ϊڽսв⣬Щ׷ԲԵʦ಼ֶһ󷨣̨˿ǹ
Įĳ֣óϫȣһţͷȻӭ֮
ҸղӮȡʮԾʱս֣ϹƽսԲðȻ̨⡣ĮȻһЦԣԵΪ䡣
ϯϵŻȻжԻĮһ˿٣˲ʧӰ٣Ļ̹緶ʮ㣬ѷɫүˡ
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ϫһһ̺еĽ糤ڿգ䴩Įɱȥ
ؽ֮뽣
ĮâȻƽ棬ܵ񱻵ȼһ㣬ŰĻе̨Լһ㡣

Į֮ӿŲˣƿն𣬾Ȼһˮÿһˮ·ǧ֮أȻǲߢȪڵġԪˮ̺ˮеУרſƻе⡣
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ֻһ£Įƿϫ뽣Ȼһתκˣϫ죬ܣƺҪѳϫûھ˰Ľ⵱С
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ಣ
ʱֵĳϫͻȻʧӰ١
һ̣ڻĮ࣬ͳһƵĽâ˲ɱи£ȻǡǬƮ飬ʮŵأ˲ɱˣ
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ϫεսõǼɣ뽣Įˮн⣬ȻͻȻʩչǿ֮ս֣ʩչǬϮɱؽ˴֮ã۷塣
Į֮ǰԼһͨˮе⣬Ͼڶ֮ϣˮеҲΪ򵥡
ͬƿˮе⣬һƾˮеʩչˮ֮ãȻĮֻǳ»ĮĽơ
£ĮġԪˮǰҲǺһǿ֮ԷƷȻʩչǬϮɱ
һУϫսİѴﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ֲü°УսɣѴﵽ¯ĵزˣԼ򲻿ɴ⣡ĮһݣԪӿвˮᵲһɫˮϣӲǬһ
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һɽѵײеˮһɢĮȴǳɽƣ˶ȥ̨Ե
ˣһҲѪһڣһ󾪲ۺѵղµһսûĶٵԪˣصʵ̫ˡ
ЩͷԺһţĮ˲ָžʵԲ磬ڶն֮ش꣬ΪԳϫʵĹƳ˱ܡ෴зӿһɼᶨȵս⡣
ֻĶ֣ĥԼʵ⣬ҲԼμӽشĿģ˻ᣬԼܲúðգ
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ĮзȼŻ棬˺Ȼӿһս⣬һɲǼ䣬ȵս⾹ͬʵһ㣬û̺ˣĵʮ㡣
Ԩ󣬺Ϊ𣡡ĮһȣвˮȻӿһˣǾ˳ͷ֮ϣȻһͷտȫƬ֫ͭˮӰ̤𳱶

ˮӰһ޺䶯״һʮأƲɢϯϵҲоһ
ףˮӰȻһͷްţ
ʱ֮䣬̨ϣȫ˺磬ˮϣȫѳϫӰС
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Įһ֮˴󣬶ʱϯϻȻһƬ޲¶֮ɫ
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һ̣˶ΪϫѶ϶ϫֻѳŲյ蹦򣬱ؽˡ
֣ʵֻﵽֵزôȥֻҪʧˡĮüԭΪ֣ȻԺսʹ죬ϫıȴǿиɣΪʧ
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һĻϯϵ˲㾪°ͣɵùԲһ׻ŵģ


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νľʮ¥ǰʿĵʮףĸ硣ǰΪ֮ﵽΪС֮ﵽھŽΪ֮ﵽʮΪԲ֮
ʿƿصĵ⾳磬ﵽСɵزʱͻֵ⻯ε󣬲˵زʿҲԿʼ۵ˡ
ָǣ⻯ֻƿشСܡ
ڽش᳡ŵʿһɫǽΪҸٶ⣬Ե⾳Ȼָơ
ԭĮһնܻţӰǳԾѣ˿͵ؿϫһУȻͬʱʩչţˮӰʱ̲ס𾪣Ȼ䶯
죬ûɣˮֵ⾹ȻѴﵽС֮ûִϫһģ
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һϫԻţ̤쫷쫷Ҳһִˮԡ׹֣׹ͬ⡣ϫȫʩչֻٶ硢ֵӰ
һƺѹе𾪣˵ǬԪϫйһ֮Եʱʲʯ֮£ȫˣҲյĽȴǳϫһΪյֵ⣬ǴԲһʱΪֻǻͥ簡
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ҿǰķԸˣܸøҴ˰ɣǧϯϣЦ磬˵ۣѹҲܴ
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ľĬȻʵҲ֪ĳϫѽʵ߳ڶѳƵһĶǿˡעԽԽߣݷСУججһӡ
⴫һҲ̸ųϫ֣¼ʵ¥ڣҲйسϫһЩ¼
ǴΪķɽϫлҶүлսִھ¥ڵ̨ϣս
ҲһεսóԨǵĳϫ֣һҹ֮䴫Ԩǡ
ʵΣȴԶ磬Ϊϫλĺѣľ̡ءϪҲǸпĶࡣ
ˣ˵㸸ҪΪ㶩飿ľͻȻ̧ͷϪ˵
ϪʼնڳĬĬƣ˼ɣҲ֪ЩʲôԴһŵȻ˵Ҳޡ
ƽȴ͸һϼζ
ѵ㻹ĳϫȢ㣿ľһЦüŪ˵
ȻЦȴϪɫȻ࣬׵ϲ¶һ˿ֱܽ顣
ľʱ֪Լ˵˻æοûʲô˵ģȺǴῪʼʱҺһһ˽ǣ
ԣ˵ʵⱲӻûȥأô˻ᣬǿȥʶʶҲæͷ
ϪһϸһĨɣģ
ľػһۣͷ
ǺãȻؼҡٹЩǾͳ
ϪǺЦɷͳȥһ߻ֹȥǾǺңԶҸôʲôأŶˣȰϫ㶫ɣϲȾƣҼͷǡһƿ𡭡
ιƽҪٿʢᣬҪΪԶԭĳϫһΣʱԨǸǰμӣ㲻ȥôľµ
ȥϫȥҲġϪͷҲأɿȥ֮˾ݹüۺЦŲ֪ĸҥĲֱһСŮöľһĿɿڴ
ǰľ󾪲
ľ֣ұʿĪ̸顣֮һ֣ΣħϣǽǡҡͷԵ
Ů˶ûϹ㶮飡ľһ˹ȥ


319 
̳ǣ¼ҡ
ĳ¼լۡ˽ʮڹ¥۴αȡ̨ͤ¥ӳɰ֮䣬Сˮɼȼɽӵ̺ӳϼɺףⱧȺɽܹҷܣɫ续ɾʤա
¼ҵʹŮҲ¹ȣͬ
̳ڼʿ֪۸֮ۡۻ룬ʵ֮ۺ񣬵¼ҵһ
ַ츲ر仯ֻڶ̶̼ʱ䣬ԭܼ򵥣ĳ¼ҰѿɽԴʮﷶΧڵġҩֵ侪ˣ¼ҴĲƸҲԴԴϣˮ
ֻ֧£¼벻ѡ
ֹ̳ڵ̷̳ϽУҲ̻ǰ¼Ǣ̸⣬ı
鲼챦¥¼ǩ˳ں¼ҹӦֲϣ챦¥򳯳¼͸־װ
˵ĳ¼ң˵ƶš
ƸۺˣҲһͻͽٶȽڽڳ¼յһˣоǧ¼լۡǧտӪų¼ҵĸ⡣
ȻЩεΪ̸϶ߣǳ¼պչҲ˴˷һʡԡĶ֮ѡͯ٣㻨ѴЩͯɳ¼պм
˵¼ûʲô֣ƽÿ¾ͻһЩϣ¼С֮º󣬾ͻỻһǰ
ĳ¼ҵҲȱ֣ЩϵҲа¼һΪѡ
ϾѬĵ̫࣬Ҳ٣¼ϣƸվЩɳһޱȵ飬һڡЩʿټƽڵƣӾͰһвضɱѿС
֮ܶĳ¼һ־˵ٶ׳ںܳһʱڣ⻼״
ƽ̫ϳϱԤԣͷչ¼ð꣬Ԩš岢ȫϽ֮ϡ
ĳ¼ңַǷ˵ǽЩֵһ졣
̳ڵĸ̳֮һЩλ֮Ͻ̻ˣԼƽλϡɽеĸ죬ڽЯһȺ¼ҷ
һ磬̳Ͽվͱֶݹ⡢зǣ龰׳ƴ֮Ҳ֮
ԭܼ򵥣ϫڽشȡðʤľϢѾϽϫ̳ǳ¼ҵ飬ѲʲôܡЩ¼йϵʿ̻ᣬвݺصĵ
ѧҶѧҶﵽλǰǧһݡѪһݡ
᰺ǰٱի񻪳ⷻǾ۱֡λµĸһݡ絤һݡؽ׷ƽһݡ
ǰǰҲˣ룡룡ʲôü֪ǺݺҲɡɣͰ˵ģⱦСĿ϶͵үС
Сثһۣһվ֮⣬ӭӿͣЦնӲɤӶˣе˷ܺԺȴԽԽʢΪ¼֮ˣܽӴ˶ĿǰҲһгɾ͸е顣
¼լۡڣ˿ҲǸƼϯУ̸Ц̸֮ĵȻйسϫ顣
¼¼ģλȻ֮ΪԺյģдЩͣȴǲڣˣҲûзͲ
Ͼɲֹǳ껵ӣǵƽڵĸʢӣټϳϫĹϵڳ˭С
ãСĪ鷳ˣôգûסк棬ҲΪ׵
ҡҡͷɫ͸޾ϲú˸У֮˵褶ȥˣ˵ҪѴϫ飬Ҳүү
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Ǵ֪裬֪λһְѳϫͳֵģʱĳ¼Ҹһգʵү˵ֹ׾ݣܹ༥ͳЦνǾٲά衣
ĳ¼ҷɿ׳Ͻ죬֮ǰȷƵ֮𣬵ȴѻسȷһ̾Ϣ顣

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һŵ𳤾öϱźܶλϱ׭ŵ¼ʱȥÿһλ˵
껹ϣλ૵үүҸ׬Ǯңȴʲôѧ˵ʲңƾǼҵĲҲֻܹһרԾУеάϵҼƵص
ҸȡǱȵһȡ˽شİʤΪϽнΨһһôʿ£Զꡭǿ˰
ҸûԹľ֪ʱҲʹࡣҲָоҸһߴһȥеǳ¼ҵĳޣ֪˶ΣҲʹ࣬Щ飬Ӧеģô
ףˣ˵ж᲻ᵯôС褰عһ࣬׳ӿۣСְᡣ
һС褵Դ˵褶ⱲǷ󲮵̫࣬㳤ˣҲҪúñ󲮺òã
ţ󲮶褶ˣҿ϶һӱС褺ݺݵͷüͷʵף褶αѽ
ЦЦүүλ˵ܼ򵥣ǳ¼ҷǳһ㲻࣡
㲻ࣿС褻СԲ˻ĺ塣
ԣ㲻̮࣬ʴֲϣǳһ壬£һһٵ
С褶Ÿ׳껵۾˵ף褶ˡ褶˵жԶ˵Ϳ褶жɡ
߰ɣΪصӣȥһЩ岮ǡ껵ͷվӣǣС褵֣ת뿪á
ۣ̫ˣܵõöĶˡС˷ܴеһͣһǸȻףǲ̫̰ˣ
ʹ죬ԺúǵҸ˵ôЦ
ǵãʱʱ̶̿ùԲܱñȱ˶ǿ褶Ҳһץÿһʱڴ󲮡С褴ش
껵ͷȴǰ̾Ϣ褶ָױ㣬ԺҪ̳г¼Ҵҵģӣһǵͯꡭ


320 սɱ
ãã񷣬ƺڡ
˿һһӰƼⲽԣһ㡣
ֲҴգҪʺϷɳۣеûˡүֹ
Сӣǰӽشϴˣûû˵ķʲôɧҲΪáͨߵ
үüʲô飬һֱڱչôôҲ𼱻ǵܳйˣ
й䣿
ͨһһƴүϣͷסˣ֪жϹĵӶȺǴ᣿ϵסץһͷԶħҪԶħһ˿ѪΪͽӷëϴʵӾȺǴǰʮ˵ܲ𣿡
ԶħľѪʵүһ˵ϵǺôֱʣѵΪƾӵʵ޷ȺǴǰʮ
ͨߵΪһЩ϶ͽͻȻɱ˵ļƻûʸ̫䶼סҴҴͽܣֻҲ֪˴£һʱ䣬úΪͽʵء
үüܸһЩԭɣ
µĻأҪˡ˵֣ͨɫҲطһ˿֮ɫ
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үһʱУеһ˿ҲȻ޴棬ĬȻãʵҪȥ
Ȼȥһʵĺõطͨүļ˵̫ѹһʱֻҪúȺǴǰʮ֮Ҳϣġ
һġүͷɫ価Ǽ
Ŷһ飬ΪҪǸϫͨͻȻʵ
үʼ磬˵ûʲôԸķѡ
ͨư˿ͷǾͺã󣬵ܼҶҲʲô͸ˡ
үɵ˵ʲô
ûʲôֻǵõϢСֻߵˣ˵Ѫ֮֡ͨڴ
үȻΪΣĪҪԸ
ˣǺܶˡͨü޹أĪҪϽȥҪ֪һսɱܼϽȥ鷳
սɱ
үȻһĬȻ

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ʸ̫֮λɢϢ۶ĿâɣԶԶȥһ貵̫һ㣬졣
ʦģһսѪںúȺǴȡǰʮ֮λ˲Ųڵأ˵
ãսѪʮ˲㣬ֻҪܽʮ㣬ʵܹ˿ˡ
ʸ̫˵羪ף¡¡ڴ֮ڣ⣬ҲΪϫ֮¿գרǡҹƲգضӶ
һʵʦѵҪԳ֣
ʸ̫ҡҡͷңҲŹսɱ֮°ɣϫ񣬾ͱһȺ˴˾֡
սɱúݰϫĻ쵰Ȼôˣôĳǳҵϡһսɱû˵

ݳǣһջڡ
ϫϥڴϣھǰϽ«߽װһǧɷʥˮһڷһöѪɫ壬塣
ȡýشʤ֮뿪˱أص˿ջУɷʥˮڵ꾫ѪһٰΪ𵤾硣
֮˼ȣһΪΪѾ𵤾ıԵһΪֲΣС
ǰĽشϣܼ̫үһ֮͸оЩԾһλʵɲĵɾǿߣȴԵ޹ʵȰ˵ԼʵĪҪμȺǴᣬʵ̫ˡ
ҲǴоͲʱһ˿ĪΣУȻݲȻȴҵģԲžٰԼʵúһԷ⡣
֮󣬳ϫӴоĶѴﵽƽͣ͸ĵزʼ𵤾硣
ֻҪﵽ˾磬Լͨǿ֮ԼǶӡԵΪɱʹãض𵽳䲻á
Ϊ׽𵤾֮ĻָҲһηԾֻҪ˼Դƾ罬Ѫ˲ָһľֶΡ
ˡ
ڳϫ֮ʣһʶ⣬ˣһôˣ
֮磬ƺʲô⣬üŵǡȻ֮ɫ֮
Ըľ֮󣬳ϫ㼴˳ȻʵĪм£
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һ۾Ϳϫ֪սɱԣ͵һʿĴɱжһΪ¥¥רŽаɱ֮£ֹ鲼˵Ҳк¥ֲΪ£ҶκβáֻҪǮ¥ͻᰲŴ̿ͽжÿһжûʧܹ
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˵¥ȷֲܿ鲼ֱںڰе֮һϣȷĺѡ
ϫҲɻԼֵ˭ΪʲôҪίк¥Լһսɱ
ǽɱ׷ɱֶֻѰζ
֪˭ҪôԸҵģϫҲʶ̬ԣüʵ
ųϫ۾˵ѵûв²Щʲô
ϫһ䣬ʵĪǻʸīǱԣӦûҪء顢ӡѦ˱
ĬȻĬˡ
ϫһȭлѣݶĳˣձضʮ
ҡͷ㻹ȿһ£Ӧǰľɡ
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ϫϫʱ羹ȻҲҵջɿ˷ڣҲڣʱֻ֪Լһ
˴ǰҲΪ˰Ѻսɱ߳ϫ磬յϢҪࡣϾ챦¥챦¥ѼϢá
ⳡɱᷢݺͽ֮䡣仰˵ֻҪȥǣͻ⵽¥˿̵Ĵɱ˴γĴ̿ͣʵڽ𵤾磬ûн𵤾ϵĸֲСЩ˿ʵСǻĽ𵤾ǿߣʵ;飬ԶһЩĽʿɱȡ
˵⣬ϸһ˿Ź֮ɫ˵Ҿ֪˴εĽɱжϢأԷ֪
ϫȻ֪
ͷ֮ǰ˵Ҵһ仰
һ仰˵ϫûǵõ˭Ѿ֪˭ĻףЩ塣
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һʹϫ߷һ˿֪¥Ĵɱжûʧܵļ¼˵Էǿңڿң
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ϫ붼û룬ȻܣҶȥǲμȺǴᣡ


321 ɱԵ
ϫܷŭ˼ҲЩҡ
ͻȻ֣Ϣ̫Ӵһʱû취ȫɡ
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Ůһۣﶼһ˿ǣϫķٶ˵Уƽ
дЩʲôأ
ŮûдųϫǰפԹۡ
ϫּƯʷսƮݷ飬һӬͷ׭ַʵķƣϣ¹ʯҫ£͸һ˵У̺һ˿޵ĴζƳ
Ů¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽ϫ鷨һϵ裬ȻҲ֮ܿ죬Ǿͱϫд
ĻʹߣԭսڡŶɡƺɣ赺ԿɽĿ
սɱִߣ¥Ǯɱˣ޷죬вԱУ
̿ͼ𣬽𵤾Ծͨɱ֮սһܼС֮ϧ
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дˣϫڰһüһƬƽͣƸղдµȼ֣Ѱ˼·˳ĽԴﵽһֿ״̬
ŮȴǴסˣһ͸ּֽУоһŨĻɱΣȻϣֽ
ҪЩΪУ¥㶼ŹĬãԴɵؿųϫ͸һ˿ء

˵ʱϵİֽƳܲסһּн͸ɱ⣬ϢһƬϸֽмʧ
ϫƽұȥμȺǴᣬЩѴҵĵߣ˵ʵԺǣһ죬ҲһƺսɱĿ飬ͨ߿Ի
˵ĲСҲһŭЩ˼ֱ޳֮ȣɱͽɱƫƫȣ˵ʲôɱ˴˶Թһʹֱд
ľһֱû˵˿ȴɽһ㣬Ȼ˵ʼգ˵鷳˲˾Ͳˣ񷴶ҧһڣһʵĳªģ޲õɽţͳͳͳ
ŮľֵģжһȻû뵽龹Ȼۡ
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ǰһӵţǺĺܡҲһ˵֮ǰѾ֪һЩ࣬ϫ˻ʸеһЩһȺɾϹ֣ȴƽ顭
ϫκŽģҲ
ŮһõսɱϢ֮ԼϫҲΪж²˵򵥵˵ⳡ޵ԴΪеһЩʸīԼءǿˣŶˣºʦܣǶ̰ģҲȡжΧңҪҵЩ
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ԣ¡սĹзһЩ飬ǲûдκζеķҲµġ
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ȴʶʲôȻ˵ֲô˴κ¥жǽɱ׷ɱһΪ·ԭҲǵ⵽Ͼ׼ҵı
ߵǵЩͲٸʲôɱǼȲϾ׼ңֲŹϫԲһжɷѿģó
ʵŮжѲ³ȺϹ˽׷ţðŵϾ׼ҵΣȥԸϫȻԭġΪϫϵġ̫󣬶ЩɾǿҲױȵ
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ϫȻľʲôãǶԼĻ̫棬ԼԸ飬ͻûһһ
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ˣʲôʱ뿪ݣ
ҰΪ׽֮һ׼׵ٳ١
ˣСĻе㵣ġ
ٷϻͰҾôûģ

һǰһ󣬳ݳṈ̀ȥǮˮɨƻȻûвΣտҪ١


322 ͱͯ
ҹɫˮ
յĽشڽĻԶʿѡڽҹ񻶣۳ɰܣ춼뿪Ʈǧ֮ǡ
һشᣬ̸ϾʾףȴԳƵǲ׳۵崡ΪĿģֻһˡϫ
ڼ¡ԨɵĮϼ顭һһǿߣԶڳϫ֮¡
Ҳɴ˳ʷһȡýشʤʿǱشΨһһȡðʤĴڡ
ڳϫĻ⣬Ҳͳݳǽֵβ¥ŵĻ⣬ҲûΪشĻԽԽҡĳԼڽشϵı֣˽ֵ
̼˻Ӱ򣬰ѳϫڽشϵսһһ¼ЩҲݳֵһƷ
ΪĥϫսɣΪֶԳϫΪŬЩʹǵãֵһǣЩ˴ŮӶ࡭
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Ů黳ʫܺ⡣
ϫȴĿҡУһ񴩴ϣŰ˿ʼľƷһЩϡ
ϫεǣ̼ң򵽵ĲϲֻϽױҲȻˣЩһ󺱼֮ԼܹѾܲˡһ£Щֵ󺱼ĲϣҲֻϲŻ֡
Ⲣص㣬صڹЩ֮ӽشӮȡӤȻϤ⣬һȥӤ仰˵ϽױĲϣȻֵӤ
һ뵽Լľڶս˾պ۵ʱһӾĵʮϽױϫҲе㲻ˣӤĻָж٣
ֲϽױ˺ǲ϶˾ˣίƷʦֻ»Ҫ󡭡
صջϫܿתעӵĸֲϣԺĬĬ˼Ʒĸ衣
֪賿ҹʮ֡
Ʈϸ֯ڴϷɳɳĵҹɫˮγ
Գ˼ĳϫȻһû̧ͷȻˣαضزأ
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ϫӰ̧ͷֱͨħǿߣƽ뿪ջһֱںҹ֣һֵ顣
Ȼ벻Ǳַˡ
ϫ˼°Σҡҡͷ̾Ϣлֱ˵ɣòҹ˾Ǻİɣ
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ɫһͣǿ԰ŭ⣬ЦҪٿһ£ᣬɾͻһӵġ
ϫ߷һ˿˵ҵǺ֪ΪƾҴӦ
Ӧģô´ͻȻһĨЦݣתħ֮ҲͬʱӿһĨĹƽǽ֮С
ϫʶеʱޱ䣬㱼䣬һƬ磬裬ʷ裬컨׹ӿоģͽĤݣɫ価㰲֡
Կ࣬ϲ콵֣жѣҷȱն;ߣҷ𣬿ɻ֣ɻ֮һƮļصĻ̲סҪĤݣ
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ţһ̳ϫɣϢȥ˯һ
ʱԭɫȻĳϫųһ磬ȻһĨϮĽ⣬ֱӳ˼µʶ
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Դ˵һ׻һƬôܣһƿն䣿
ȻһУһ絶иľʹ˲ӿʶָоʶ˺ѳƬʹ˲䣬ͳʧȥʶͨһ̱ڵأû֪
Ѱ·ҵ֮ȫ֮ϣĹϷԻˣϫվӣŵϵļ£ҡҡͷ
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ͽк˲ɷӦˬ
µصҲľ߽һļ£ˣɱ˴ˣ
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֮⣬ֱͨǡͷۡʨӡڷ޺ħõĵϢɹȴûдϡ
ϫˣҡͷѣһҹǰûд÷ħֹ˼ûϣ
ͨͷۡȴϫ֣ⲿͨǷרУͬҲҳϫע⵽ͷۡ͡ءһһ˲ܹͨʹãΨһͬǣءϿԹ⡶ͷۡȴضͨϸѰٲҲֻһЩϵĴУпҵõ
ϫЩڴԼǰѡءͷۡϣʩչǿմӡָжɲ
ף㿴ʲôľͻȻһѪɫʯմӼһзֵġ
ѪɫʯΣͨ徧Ө͸ӿѪƵҺ壬ԶԶһܵһǿҵѪѪûѪϢ෴һڣ¶һ㣬ûѪⶼһ̩á
Ѫ
ϫѿڶԼ˵ߴﵽ𵤾֮ĲͻϰһĿݽߣҪѼʱ
ֻҪ˻Ѫ̺ӴѪ֮󣬾Ϳ˲仯ӿѪƤĤ֮䣬ʹĵָ
ⱦ͸ʿӤ̫ҺһЧͬ
һϻжⶫϫҲһ˿ѾȷѪɫʯضǻѪɡ˵ڵܴؾΪҲѲߢ
ܶ࣬֮֮ǰһΪһûʲôôĺ챦ʯءľͷٺЦ
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Уϫɫ£ϣһƵԼ͸һɣ֮糱졣
ҹ֮󣬳ϫ⣬̿ʼ𵤾硣
˿ŬԼ״̬Դɷʥˮ̺꾫Ѫ֮
֮һָƽϫȻ۾ԥ̧ĿϽ«޾ˮһ㣬Ѫÿһë׶ſɷʥˮ
ɷʥˮؼһ־ѵʥ̺ܴѪƤĤڵʣܶ͹̾磬ʵá
˵һɷʥˮþ޳ëʹɾ͸ӵмʵء

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һ壬û桢ǳǵдɷʥˮĴֻ⣬ڵÿһอ٣Ƥëڲϱš
ϫһͷһ׷ɽȥնϣ
ߵǿᣬǿĲֹڵอëǼףܵõʵɱ䡣
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ϫٴη֮ĺ⡢ǡƤĤอһڻع񣬴һ˿ָС
ƤһӨĹ󣬾Ө͸覵֬񣬶ɢϢȴһµķԲɺβƵĸӲʸС
ܿ죬ɷʥˮͱȡһգϫϵϢٿȻݷʧָɰ𪣬Եú˿жǿ
ûа㵢飬ⶼﵽ۷״̬ϫսڣתȡڵ꾫Ѫ
壬ݴ̺һ˿̫޲һ˿ѪǣϣǿáڴڣҲֻл˲ӵд˹屦
ʿԣϣ԰ٲа֣ʱȫõĳ߻ħΣա
߶ԣֻҪܹȡڵһ˿ѪǣʹƤĤǡѪԾһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ϫ˿ģǰڵһ˿ѪӴġ֮Լľ𵤾磡

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˳ϫڳ𵤾磬ʱһⶼܷ߻ħһغ
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ԭˣֲЩеļһҪǮһЩ޿֮أԭⶫ󲹰
һЩģ׷ľͷڵĳϫӣЦ٩һЩ˶ôЦһЩŮߵͷѡ
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ǿЧҲԶ׼ģþݡ
˿̣ڳϫıϣʾŹֲַľƣͬһÿһǺ˶ɢϼ֯ͷ۳һƬģͼ
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ϫʱ״ڿ΢ϣһʵɱ䣬˵ʥһ޴ͻơ
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ϫܵ츲صı仯ϲ֮࣬ҲһݣæóӼѹĻѪȫȡڵ
⻯ѪԴԵľһֺֻȡţϫ͸оѪٴαƵ䡣
ܿ죬Щٴγ΢ӿȥЩ΢ϵ紫һغ嫵磬ӵ޷Ŀռ䡣
ϫҲ˲æȡŻѪȫȡ
ķʮŻѪϫŸоЩ΢ϴﵽһֱͣô˻ᣬʼ赲Լ׵һؿ
һؿҲ˼Ѫʹ֮ﵽ罬Һĵز

һѪ𣬴գΪǰɷΧȻת˲ţȴ˸ʿĿ
Ҳһ죬ϫ𵤾磡


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ݳǵ֮䣬·;ңԶа֮ң
ľԳϫԣʩչǿ֮ȫɳ۵ĻҲҪʱѡ
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ݺͽ֮䣬ʮǳأīƳǡľǺ׳ǣһЩеȹģĳС
īƳǡľǡ׳ǾΧڽǰϣʰԲηֲľǾУīƳǾݶٶ׳Ǿ׺
ݳǺͽ֮䣬ҲΪǳط·ߡ
ľһ·ߣǾ̵ģҲȫ·ߣ;ֲǳأû֮طֲ˶ѡ·ߡ
īƳһ·ߴ֮ҪľԶһ;ҪУյĴӣ·ҲнȴһЩ̻ᣬΪīƳǽ߿Թණʢ󱦱
׳һ·յһǰѾķϵûԸԼЦС
֮Իˣڴݵ׳ǡٵ֮䣬տɲɽȺŰĹɭ֡Хļ֮ء֮һ·ϣջգްȫ֮ء
ǰһЩɢɢʿԳʵǿͼսޣɱ·ߣȴһһ˳ɹִ׳ǣ̶ǡԴʱ·߾ʹ˻ķϵ˵̤С
Ҳ⣬һЩ׼񣬱ͨ׿ܡڱƵû취ʱҲ̤·ߣڵ׷һȷܿ˸ͨ׷ɱôʵѰ·Ҳࡣ
ΪΪֹҲûĸ֮ͽ߳
һжԳϫԣȴһ⾪ϲЩ֮ɱķĵطеȷмΣգҲˣЩգԸ¥ԼĽɱж
仰˵һ·ߣȫһȻǶ
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ĳ۱аɣʮңܹɰˡֱڴʳרڳ֮˵һֽͨߣֹʿͨ˽һʷ֮ҲԳ
˵ڳ۱֮ϣһֿǧ˵Ĵͱ±ǿҲǳʣΨ۸Ƚϰ󡣵Ⲣǳϫѡ±ԭԭǣ±ʮϸ񣬳ϫɲճݳǣͰټ¶ˡ
۱ķȻֻͨҲŴԼʮʿǳԱŴʳ־Ժٻĸܵȥ۱⡣
ϾΪ͵ƴʳϣôĻ͵ųʳıɣ
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ϫע⵽۱ϵĻмʵһʮ־ʵڽ𵤾ңڣڵִѻ֮ǰһ·ϵİȫҪġ
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ջĿ⣬ϫչһ½ǣоʶ֮Ѳָ״̬հƷþϣ賿ʱ˵Ͻױûа㵢飬ͣصһ۱
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ϫЦŵͷóСкЩţ´ŭԼУʿһһ߲ʣܹ纰꣬Ƽܡ
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Щˣɺ쳾̬ʿףҲǴӷѱ
ڳϫУ޷ݽ棬˭̤Ļι
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Скݺݵͷһģġ
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˾ڳϫԱߵĿˣһŲ壬ЫСкҲױԶԶġ
ÿ˿ϫĿⶼһ˿塢ɡ֮
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УѻȻޱȣֱǷߵĹء
Ȼ˿Щ˿еġħؾЩܵ˵ģ˵ԼҪȥѻȻҲԼˡ
ܿ죬۱ͣϫȥ
ħˣ
ˣǾȻħͬһ۱ϡ
ǰ˵ħûΣ˵࣬µĺܣ
ϫһ³˾һ񣬳һ׷
ŲħأֺУɣԺһҪֻСкſڳԵ۾һֱųϫıӰҪģӡԺУһӶס


325 ж
ڳϫ³۱ʱڽһرĻ顣
һƬ翣ռ䣬һɽϼУЩɽһ̺Ũ˵һһȻ
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գһҫޱȵľ޴򣬿̫ҫܣռڵÿһطԡںƺƹУǧϼ
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˿һµɽϣߴۣ࣬ͷ̽ڵĻʸϥ֮䣬һƽɫתֲ֮
ڻʸɽϣȻҲһӰƺ̫׵ˡڵǿüŶɵǿ߳ɢˣ赺ĪԿɽˡ
λԭĵɾǿߣȻ
յõϢǸ̳ǵСһѾ뿪ݳǣ۱սɱжҲҪչˡ
ʸ컺ڣ羪ף쳹Ƭռ䣬ϵǣ˴λͬǰĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊһ´ϵıλ֡
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֪ϫϵı𣬲ǬԪ̵˾ôֱһαɽɲǲĶҲðټȥԸϫˡ
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ΪӶɽٳɹļʣǳ˿ޣѰٸֶɽõķʶԶɽž޴ãԶԱ⡣
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ʸзһ˿⣬ޱ˴ټλǰΪȡλ֪λԴ˿ʲô߼
ȴٶ˵пܣǺ޲ðȫռУ˭Ըƽ֣
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Ϊκ˶ԣǷǰĻᣬǾԱҪǵأ˭Ӧ
ȻƫƫֻǻֵĻȻ˵òֵּ⣬ҲֻԳĬԼ̬ȡ
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ʸһЦȻοǲҲΪС˻·ôֻҪǰǣԻúúõġ
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׵ȴɰü壬̾ϢλϷСǿ˵¥Ĵɱжһʧܹǿʼٶ࣬СҲǱĽ֡Ͼ׼ֻҪһ飬˽ʼĩ
ʸ첻õô˵׵Ǵ˳ˣԣ˳ҵȾ˵ʲôϾ׼ҹҲ޹ءϫϵɾûһˡ
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ԣǻһüչϲ֮¶ǴЦ
λͬ˵õϾ׼ɳ֣ҲòĳЩ׼֮ˣرСӡԳ򲻵ѣǻҪԶΪáڹú¥ˡʸЦѵ
˷׷ףҲѿǵˡ
ˣڽӣǻһλְɡʸɫһ࣬ղŵ⡣
ʱеĵһɨգҲų⣬ʼ׷׳ִͬ¡

ݳǣͬһٳ޿ռڡ
һòƽӹӣ¹죬ϢѴ˴жǷչ
ǰʮɴһüĿߣϫڴˣһϳߺȻڽشϣ̨ʿɽ
֮ǰͬʱĴɽɢɲ֮Ϣ䱳γһ־޴ĺԵ֮
ϫ˲СҹٳʵҪġҪԸһѰٰѴ˴εжظһ飬Ƿʲô©ɽ
Ѱһ˼㼴˴γĽ𵤾̿һʮˣɺս𵤰ʮǾޱʮ͵ʮİͳ켶ӡ
˴εж·λ׳֮ն֮أλͳѴӽУ߸أֻȳϫ
Ϊ˷ֹһλͳ֧ʮ˵Ķ
ɽͷã˵һʿʿҲһԸȥսɱжؼס˴жֻʤʧܣ
Ѱ˵ͷת뿪
ԭѴ¥ΪЧƾʵȻܳΪһλͳ켶һ̿ͣϧҳ̫ߣҪˣҪʬҲֻܷˡ
ɽһ֮̾䣬˺Ƭ޿ռ˲ʧ


326 
۱Ѿʻ룬ʧڵ·ͷֻʣ³ϫһ˴ԭأĿĹˣҲκѻйص
ܶççҰƲӵҰڷҡȫѻ򾿾λ
ҵǣʶ㹻ǿڸǧﷶΧѰƬ֮ڱһڲڲݴеľơ
ľƸ಻һľ֦ϣܵҰɫƣϸѰҵȷѷֵõ
ľֻдּѻ
ϫľǰƬ̣һնһĨƷͬĵһ㣬ɨȥһ˸ߵҰݴˢˢնϡ
һС·ӳǰ
ȥľٿݣЩҰȴǰͨѻ·ڵסˡʵոӦҵѻλãһͱ¶ټֵܲá
ϫ룬ԥ·ǰȥ
ĺƻ裬𣬳ϫ㱼˽һյʱ䣬ԼԼһСڵϡ
ǣСϿգȻӿźһԩɷɢ͸ǿҵѪȺɭϢ
˵ѻڲ׼֮˫޲մѪȣ񹲷ߵԲŻᱻнͨ׷ɱʱЩƲɢɷԵҲ١
һ˼ϫһ߳ǰȥ
ء
ҹ٣Хڼɭ⣬£ԩڴϣԶĻѻһ
ϫͻȻͣ˽ŲΪһӰӻѻӳԼ߱
һ꣬һܰߣͷ­ȴܴͷģһѡ
ӭ͹ٻѻǻѻƹݵСˣ˽ˡؿҲǵһѻ򣬲֪ǷҪһλ򵼣ĿЦݺܲã¶һѩ׵ݣøС
򵼣ϫȤѾΪֻڻͥ磬вԼ
Ц˵ԣ򵼣ԴϤѻĻЩطҪע⣬ЩطӣԼѻĹصȵȣҶ԰𡣡
ϫʵշѣ
ָӤ
ϫͷãɽ
ѻ򴦴͸ŹŹ֣обҪѰһ򵼣Ϥڼ۸ˣûϡ
ˬ죬ˬĿˣֻҪ⣬ȫԻѻȥЦ˵꣬Ϳʼǰ·
ϫһߴܻһĬĬ󣬺ܿѽѻڡ
ϸ˵ѻʵһ䣬ŢĽֵõķݣŻƶϢ
ҹɫ£ѻֻϡϡżյƣ紵ƻҡҷԶԶȥƮĹˡ
ţϫͣ½ŲŤͷҲࡣ
ɵʮ⣬ʮͺͺԲľӣÿһϣһʬ壬ʡŮʬ塣Щʬһϸսʺ˫ҲڱֻƮڰաʬֻ۾ԲţŵĹ
һ󺮷紵Щʬ壬һ߾ߺĵˡ
ĩ˵һԲǰһ꣬ãͷԲñ̬ºͿףһλгĴˣ°ڴʹȥŮʬ
ϫ΢У̬ӿŨصɱԼγһڝΣֻŰɱˣմԩγɵġ֮
λǵţѻ֮һһԷɿ͵ȺþѼŮʬȻطƳżÿѼһپߣͻҹ׻ȼԶԶȥһֻֻĵ죬׳ۡ
ϫƽţ
ͷԣڻѻ򣬼˶һºţȴá
ϫûٶʣĿЩƮҷںеŮʬͣƬ̣ǰȥ

ûãһˮڷдŨ˱ǵѪȡ
ϫ̧۾ͿһĹͷڵ·һ࣬ǰڷһ޴ľ裬ʢźһѪˮһѩ׹ͷѪˮг
λǡͷ͵һǻѻ֮һϲͷƳĴָСĹ飬ϡ
ָͷĲ˵ƣϴŵһ׹ܹһ˿ţſŶͷƶɣƯ𣿡
ϫĿȥȻͿһһſŹСͷǣնۿףѩݣƶЦ
ͬλͷϣҲһɵġΡ
ͷŴкʹųϫǰȥ
·ϣϫ̲סʵšͷ˭
Ц֪϶ʣгǸֲŮˣֵĳȴҪûϡǰڣͷ俪һѪȻڰѳֲȥ
˳ӣͷȺû˯ʱϲſ޺˯ԾһӣڻһȺˣÿ˯ʱͳڵһЩյЩ޺ŰȻ˯ȥ
һط䵭Įٳڻѻ򣬾ʱ䶼ڤɭжԲɱһЩΪ֡
ϫͷšͷӡطУҿط
Ц˵ˣʲô鶼ϰΪˡ
ϫüѵû˹ܹܣ
һҡͷܲˣ֮أһûմȾһͶ·ֻûԸ
˵⣬ʶʲôɫϾѵˣҵһ䣬ǧ£𿴵ɱ˶࣬ɶһЩӽѻ֮ˣϧ£ֻҲЩһ³
ϫĬȻԼڳ۱ʱгƺġħЩѻĶ˿ɲ͸ħһ
ȷһķ֮ء
һ·ϣϫһЩ飬ԻѻڲҲһ˽⡣
ѻڣ̾ŽǧˣܡͽеˡΨһͬǣЩ˶Ǳͨ׷ɱͶ·ѡڴ˵
֮ûиϾɱԭҲܼ򵥡ѻ򱳿ڤɭ֣ɭݺᣬɱȻΣأȴ̺Ÿġ󡣻ѻеĶҪ棬ÿ¾ͱ㹻ĸֲϣͻ⵽Χˡ
仰˵ѻһЩ䵱еĿ
ҪӴ˵ܣǸܣû˵ϸڣȴĵ֤ÿһѻĶˣͱץ˻ץʱѾʬˡ
ȻϫҲһЩй飬벻ǣһﾹȻǴʳһԱ
Ź֣
طȷ̫ŹˣϫֱʱҲû˳ǰ
ܿ죬ͷ£ڻѻѻ򣬽ڤɭ֣׳Ƿнֱִǡ
ûãǰ߳һĳأǶϱڲԫֻ㴣һªľƹݡ
ƹݲֹªƾɣıϾǰ߲ĺɫҳݶѿܶ϶ʱп̮
ƹſһֵľƣ滭һֻ޹ĻѻԼĸ֣ѻƹݡ
ҹɫīƹڲʱһĺЦɭСԵú֣Ҳһ


327 ѻƹ
Уϫ˽һЩѻеЩ˵ʵ
ǧŶУšͷӡط˵ʵڶ⼶𡣽нԲΪɱ飬ս鼫Ϊḻ
˽⵽һϫʵǺܾȵģϾȻѻ׼֮˵Ķ˲Ӧôʵġ
һͣ˲ˡ
Ϊ֮ϵĶˣв̫緸µҲ̫أŭԹɱкߡЩˣʳҲҵΪЩˣȡΪĽɱ
£ЩΪ֮ϵĶˣĻڻѻפ㣿
ǵĴڣǿڴĿɿطΧڣݳֱɱĿܣֻҪǽ磬Ҳɱᱻɱ
ʿԣɾ̫ʹˣܽףҲζޣҲûʲô
ǴʳǵĴɣŵʱֱɱǸĥˡ
֮ܶ˽˻ѻʵ֮󣬳ϫѲٵԼܵв߽˻ѻƹݡ
ֵһǣڽƹ֮ǰСϫˣЩ˻Ҳ磬ϫʱһЩǧɵ¡
ϫԴ˲ÿɷ
һһ󺮷˽ȥϫſվԭֲݵľƹͻȻѻȸ
ľƹڣʮɢܣмʮΧܣȾ졣һĹ̨ƹϰ֧°ͣڹ̨߼¡
˿̿ϫƹĿⶼЩ˽Ŀ⺬ɷϫİףж¶һ˿Ϸʡ
Ӵˣӭٻѻ򡣲λС糤ÿ濡ΣҪҪһƣ
һڶм䣬ŮӴһڣһһֱųϫﲨתһ
εεһڣʱɢ˸ղŵĳգƹ±ЩУϫģᣬûκεв
Ů˾ǳˣҪҪһЦ٩
һСıƿԴֻˡһһϵһߣɷǣڶá
ܣϫʹ²³߱ȻˣϿʵںһλŵߣȻϲŻ˵Ĳҽ˯
С磬ϼһķƨҳֻɱ˳۵ļһҿ˳ۼˣͲǻأϣԳЦ
ӴĸļһﲻǱĺǻǻŶ俪ˣƺͦϲ̧ܣֺҴ
ʱǳҲ˲õϷϫһһǵþƹڵ˶׷״Цѡ
ϫûЩ̨ǰ˵Ҫһڤɭֵĵͼ
ʱɿ̨󣬸ƹϰ˼ڽܳϫݣ˵֮󣬾Ц뿪¾ƹϰͳϫˡ
ƹϰͷڤɭֵĵͼȷУͼȫ۸ҲȷҪ򣿡
ϫͷԤУԼĺսɱѾʼٲץʱѼƻõġ·ߡֻ»ᱻռȻ
ӵһڤɭֵĵͼҪࡣ
ƹϰ̧ͷ˳ϫƬ̣һ۸񣺡ʮӤ
ԣƹڵʱֳȥһĿضžƹϰ壬û뵽ĵϰ壬ξȻڣһףʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ϫüͷһ壬ĬΣóһ˹ȥϣݵͼֵǮ
ƹϰʱһЦеͷҲ֪طǼһɣݵͼڤɭڴô꣬ƣڤɭֵ·һЩ֮ضעֵǮ
˵ţƹϰóһöɫ򣬵˹ȥ
һûзʲôףϫͷлתȥ
ƹϰһû뵽ϫ˼ȣĵѵСӷŭԹУڱȫֻͨɱҪôһҲԸͣ
ֵܣȻѻˣһߣƹǰͻȻһĶĿ󺺵סǰĳϫ˵
ÿҸ·ϫ
ޣҪ·ҲУĸλֵܽǴ𲻴Ӧ۴ȻЦ
Ӧòһλˣ缸¸ߣҪȾһ£˲̫ˣ
԰Ҳ̫ûһҲ
ƹڵڶ˶׷һĿϷʵϫ۵һ˿ȵ̰
ղųϫóʮӤͼǿɶУ˿̳ϫУٲȻһᣬҧһʵڲġ
ÿϫȻһУֻǰĶĿ󺺣ӿһ˿ɱ
ĿͻȻӿһɺеһ޷Ƶľ壬ܿ죬;ѹ߳ŭضųϫвң
ô˵ʵоһ˿ӣǿţΪղһɲӿĺ⣬ֻԼĴ
Ŀ󺺵һȣʱþƹ˵ɫҲòһְڱϣɱ¶
ƹڣʱɱӯҲ̡
С磬˳˿ΣĪҪɵŶҪˣֻܱˡϫһֵۣԴ֮ȴ͸޾ɱ⡣
Ϸ˿ҲǱʹУȻϷ˯һ̤ʵĺþҲƳ
ϧҵżֻŮʬ壬ɱҲáʱƹű򿪣õĵ˽
ߣųͷԣϧʲôҲ
ϫ̧ۿ˿ܣɫɲƽ˵ãλȾƣһһΣ
Ŀ󺺺ȻЦɰһʮӤóӤǾͿĺȾƣΣ
Ȳ𡣡ϫͻȻ̾Ϣ
ȲСӣ˾֪үȲȵ𣡡
Ŀ󺺲Ȼŭû뵽ʱˣϫӲ˻һ̽־ͳϫץ׼ȷˡ
䣡
ƷХԪЮɷ֮һͷޣҪ˶ɡĿ󺺵ʵҲΪǿַϵһ֣ͺޱȫɼ䲢³ç
ϧǳϫ
ϣ
һĨէ֣δϫ壬㼴ڰ;ɢ
Ŀ󺺵Բ۾ԭأ̶̲ʮ֮һɲǣĿתΪ𾪣ٱɴ͡Ĳ䲻֪ʱѱһѪѪˮֱʱȻŽܣǿҲ֮ȻأҲվˡ
սƺδʼѾ
˻ûüжĿ󺺾ѾȻأŵ϶ĿأԲðѪʺжһζû뵽һˣһէѻ꣬ȻܹһɲǼɱĿ󺺡
Ҫ֪ǶĿʵ䲻ڣҲн𵤺Ϊûѻ֮ǰҲǱһλպͽ˫ֲ֪մȾ˶Ѫ
Ȼ˿̣ȴˣ
˵ȲľơϫҲûϵʬȻ˵


328 ɱȺ
Ŀ󺺵ȫ
ڹ̨ľƹϰһĻ۾ˣ̫˰ɣ
ѻǴж˵֮أѣܹģһǿ֮Ĵڡ
һѻ򼸺춼Щ˺ܿͻᱻЩʰ÷һЩҷģ³ֻĸ˳էɱһλ˵
ϫȴˣֻһӦʱ򣬾նɱһλѪȡḻˣ
һĻȴ𺳡
նɱ˶Ŀ֮󣬳ϫȻ֣ϣٴչɱ¾Ľƿգٶױȵġ㽣һ̶Ŀֱָš
ӼŰŮ˳ʬ嶤һľϣ¶ںʱϫѶԴ˶ɱ
ȷЩŮ˶ѻ֮ˣƾʲôҪͬΪ˵ĵУ󻹱ʬҰܾĥ
Ŀ󺺵õŲȻŭоΪԼûмʱ֣ɶĿ󺺵ܷŭŰɱϫȴ뵽ϫȻѾһԼɱжʱŭʱҪը
СӣŲ֪үүҵֶж̰ɣŭĵţӦͬޱȣǻѻ֮һʵھԵĶˮ׼
ϫһϮѾһ̧࣬־һĨ⼤䵶ϫĲɱȥ
Ӧ죬ϫӦ죬нһת㽣𽣵âƿգ䣬һϮ䵶Ʋ˲佫ſƶǣ
һգۼ䣬λ֮һҲر
ƹݵĿռ䱾ͼΪС֮սǷڷ֮䣬ûо춯صƣһһʽ֮ȴֱӺбպֻ֮ҪԥܵԷɱ
ҳϫȻֹǼһнƷͬѹƵŵ䵶һͷֱӱϫƿɱ
һԺͽŻͲôˣϧԶûСᷢ
ףϫʽսɡҪѹһͷҲڶ̶̲һɲǼ
˻
˵һ֮һĵţҲһ֮䵹£˸оȻһôʵ
ԭҪһЩˣĻ֮һͣҲŲѳױһŵļһǴðģôԼһˣ
飡
ƹݴͻȻײƣȴͷ֮ززˡϫŹͷĶͽ
һΣѽ󣬳˾ƹݡ
ϫ뿪ûɵأƹڵ˶ǰһֻҪϫһ̣Ǿͺһ
еµǵؽ׼ƷһӾͱѵС֮µƷʸߣ˾ɲŵϵ䵶Ƭ
ٺãҲҪʹõˣСӽһаʽ֮ɱ˵ţǵȽʱһ붼־壡µ
ǴʱĹעЩϽӰɣɷɱͷ֮󣬿϶ˣҪ֪ղǿɶ˼ʱӣʱ٣𼱻ǵ
һ˵˶ʱҲӦǰСһĺ֮ٲܻ汻ɱˡ
Ȼ˴ʱƹ͵شͷ֮ĲҽСͬʱϫ»ص˾ƹС
УһѪܵͷ­Ȼͷġ
ͷǰȺͷȴϫͷ­һĻжǾѰ˵ˣӳϫ۾ûС
꣡
ϫһͷԴķѣһѪǣ档ȻĿӣ˾ֲģҡҡͷˣҪҵͷ­ͷҲˣأǷҪҳ䵱ϣ˿У
ңҡ˵ͷҡ˹ģΪȾѪȵĶˣɵԼвʱԵôֺ
һᣬԼ˽ϫȻ֮Щ׼Ķ˼ȻǵԼͷϣǾͱɱ֮Գ󻼡
󡭡ǰСŮһ·ɫ񣬿
С飬ǰŹһҲһ˿ʣˮ֡
ϫĮȻҡ
޷򶯳ϫӻһۣнһ˿Թ֮ɫͬʱȻ֡
ಣ
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ͬʱҲˣжһȣ濪ţ޾ǺƵļкӿ۲ɢɢѹմѣϫϮɱȥ
ȻҲ̺һ˿ɵ⣡
ĿֲϫֻһĽ̺źƺƵġơ
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飡
Ӹǰľ˫˫أѡ
ĪˮĪ֮ʤˮдġѣĪС
̶ֻƬ̹򣬻ѻˣڤɭдطϤڳϫ¡
ƹڵңϫĿ⣬Ǿ֪Լ˼ֻҲǴ˵Ķ֡
£
ʵ̫ˣ
ѻλˣһ֮ɥУΪֻн𵤳ڣʵȷʵɲڳκ˶
˿̵ЩǣֱһȺִᣬһĸоƴ˼ûˡ
ƹڵ˾Եúܳţޱȡ
СֵܣɱѾˣһΣѹֵϢУһֱڹ̨ľƹϰ建ˡ
ãȻԡϫԵúܸɴࡣ
˶һƻȻû뵽ϫ״Ӧ£һʱ֪ŻǲţҲû˸ҵһʹ뿪
뿪뿪ŸʲôһԺǳ
˲γһ㣬Ȼӣƾƹһħߣٴȥһ֣
һ˲䣬ѻƹоֻʣ³ϫ;ƹϰ塢ˡ
ҴӦҲϣʵشһ⡣ϫղŹڤɭֵĵͼ򣬶žƹϰ˵ݵͼǲģ
ƹϰһ˿ײľţݼţܿͻָ㿪ڣȴϫֹˡ
ظһ飬ϣõһĴ𰸣򡭡ϫܣ˵ֻҪƹһˡ
ƹϰ岻Ծ䣬ͷ󺹣ЦúܽӲǿֹƺоһ˵˻Լͽ֮һ
ˣ㡭һ̲סڵ
ϫֱϣУ¥ҪԼСҪˣ
¥
ƹϰۣͫһ˾ʧȥһȻ̱ڵء


329 ɱ
ϫƹϰķӦȷԼƲ⡣
ʵӽѻǰϫ͸оһ˿ףԼûڿзɶݣһֱԼΪεڳѻ򿿽
ôȻΪ˷¥Ĵ̿͡
ţƾԼǿʶ֮͡ʶ谭ãʿѷԼ
Ȼ£ΪֻͥȴԼԤϵԼһغ£ҼԼǴ½ذ棬ǿзɶʱ˿о⡣
ֻɵ֮һϫʱէҲȷԼĻǷࡣ
˻ѻǽ˻ѻƹݣ˳֮˲ףֻԼĵѱ¥˽⣬ǰ˾֡
ӳھƹУȷϫʶһֱܣܿͷ֣Լ̤ƹ֮ǵźͷͷ׷׷飬ƹ߽ӽǲûнƹݣ˰
ˣʲôԭλѻĴˣԸں䣬ȴԸ̤ů͵ľƹڣ
ΪϫоǣǸطϾƹڵĳӣеλȻϤˣ
һССƹݣͨһҹɫȴܰĸԸȫͬĴ˾£һⱾͺܲô
ϫŲΪλΪԼӷϴġ
ôԭֻһԼѻ֮ǰѾ簲źһУ͵Լ֮󣬾;ۼѻʹɱ֣
һеˣò²⣬˺¥Ҳû˭ôͣʹЩΪǰǰ
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ϫŵɫľƹϰȻ˵˵ҲһʲƵˮˣΪһԱغ¥ҲΪһЩԸ顣ΪλҪǵָʹҪ֣
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㲻ɱǣҿԴȥڤɭ֡ʱһĮƽӾƹſڴκθ顣
ţһ˽ĸߴ󰺲أɫĮȻƵ̸䣬ǷϱһڷİĴ󹭣ɢһ⺷Ϣ
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Ҹѻʱ˵ԸĬԣ˵Ųʵϫطһۣת뿪ƹݡҪһȫĵطϢһ¡
仰ʲô˼طüͷųϫıӰʧҹɫУĬá


330 ڤɭ
峿ĻѻɻһƬ
ϫѻƹʱطѾװɱǰڷİĴ󹭣⺷
󣬻ʮѻˣЩ˶ҪطһǰڤɭѼϣҪôɱ޳ȡƤëҪôߢھ
ܿ
ڤɭλڻѻ󷽣ɭеľϸߴ󣬴ִޱȵҪ߰˺ϱ涼ڰϡ
ÿһ˾޴󣬲֮ļȴʮֿ涼ǺĸҶȥ˶ᱻڡΪ±󣬶ΪĸҶ̫Եʡ
ɭ̫ïʢҲ޷͸ǺҶ㣬УһƬӰȥмֿɲ
طǰߴӣϫؽһ˶û˵ԵúܳƣֻԶԶ˻ƽһ˵Ϣ
룬˵ɫþ䱸ܣһнٶȻ󽵵ࡣ
ճϫ֪Ѿ뿪ڤɭֵΧʼȥ
һ·ϵûз⣬෴ɭֶĵģһƬ˵ޣһֻ϶ûз֡
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ϫӹâתǰط۽ıӰ˼֮С
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ȻХȻŵգʯѷͻȻͻԼٶȳ߱ƽ
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Сģ࣡һλ˸У֡Ҳ΢΢һ䣬ͷųɫٴС
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Щɫâٶ֮죬磬շʵļ˶Ĥӭɱȴ絶
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Ĳҽصɭּ䡣
˶ȻһȴϾ˼ǵķͬҲܹھҲ顣
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ϫڶ󷽣ܵĹСһþͶ㿪ˣԵ֮ʱҲһɫâȻһȺɫӡ
࣬ͱƽͨǳɫ˫չƴС˵ѪҺһ˿ĹӰȸѪٶȿ磬ȥ硣
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ЩѻĶ˸ʵսḻͬԼǰ־ŭʱ򿴼¶һ˿ߵļ󣬵ԥȻ֡
֪ߣһǻָղͬӰٶȣԼʤʼͣпȫ
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Ϊ˱ڽгбȺɧϮЩҪȺȫֺ飬ֹڵĴ׳޲жϣľмɣ濴ȥޱȡ
УϫĿһֱطϣһһ޶ԣҲ֡
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ҪʲôսǺֵʱ򣡡⧲ץطжʱһëȻץסԼ֮ɫ˲
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ʵҾͷ˵ѣԺ¥ǻۣǾһ֪Լļƻ֮󻹻ȥģܻܲţ֤һ顣Ӧòֹ֮һֻ»Ǻ¥ڻѻһ̿ͣ˵Ŀɶԣϫ˵
ֽطϣȴɨܣ߲ûЩأսͣɭԶƿʲôһ
طһɲǵĻңðޱȣĮȻµĲѾΧУɱңҲɡ
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ÿһױѪιʳҪеʣ˷ܴﵽѪˮʹָĵز
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ȻûױƾԼȷܹ֮ͬУȫѹʿ
طɫڱˣԼױǳϫĻ׷һ˿ҡ
ղһֱʹԪʩչ󹭣ӵٷ֮һѣΪľڸԼߵݡϫץס֮󣬲ʲôܹϱֻҪ˼ͷ­࣬һָܻ̾
ȻڣԼˣϫϳױȻ֪ԼߣɱԼʱ᲻֪ڣ
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Ǻ¥Ĵ̿ʧܺ󣬲ɱôϫʵ
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㡭úݣطѪĿ¶̹ǳޣܿͱðȥ̱ڵأʹɥ
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ϫҡҡͷȡطϵĴ﷨Ҳż͵һڣһƵģ˲ɭУʧ
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ҲֲǣĹ̫ǵʵͲһ˿ģϫطվڶ󷽣緢ֶѡ
ãǸɷǲˣѵɱط˷ֳϫҲʱӦɫһӱޱȡ
һԹһɭУûط·߳ȥ
ɳɳɳ
һϸ΢ķ𣬴ϸҶ
ţڶҰУسʮڲӰһһ֣Ϣ


331 ͻΧ
ʮϢ٣Ե飬ɫ¶һӶûһ˿鲨
һĿⶢţһڻѻĶһͻûɸо䣬׹ߣ޾ľӿȫ
Щɱ˵ľ鼫Ϊḻһ۾Ϳʮɢɱ֮ԼŨ˲ֹʮԶǴʬɽѪ˳ɱħͷ
Ϊ죬һɨطʬ壬һ
һ³ȥطʬһ̽ʱӦǾŸ֮ǰƻӦð¶ĿӦ÷ǣѾ롣ӦӵĲԶ
ĮȻ׷ˣ˴ͳʮ˷֧СӣֱΧСӳӻػѻ򣬷Ȼᱻӵɱ
˶٣Ŀһɨڳڶˣȫɱڣ
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䣬˲Ӧٶ֮죬֮Ѹݣֱﵽһ˷ָĵزһ֧ʱ޿̲׼ɱ¾һȻɱƣһһϦĥó
һҽٿȻ쳹ɭܡ
Щʵ䲻Щ˵ĹȴԵôÿһͻȥһ
սȫѽӽѹɱ쳣Ѫȡ
ڸһϣϫ΢УӴʶԡʽɢսڷһУ˺¶سԺС
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ע⵽¥Ĵ̿ͣǰķͨڤɭĵطֻҪͻΧһֱߣͿΧɱĶӾ档
Ȼǰпܻǵͬ飬ֻҪɹͻΧֱľ棬ԼĻҪܶࡣ
ΪҪǣ⻷ӵɭУηκˣЩѻĶˣû޴ԼӪȳ
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ĵģϫһֻߺڰеèϢڴһ࣬˫ָ⣬΢ɲԪâ̫ױ¶ټָԪܹĿƣݻᱻ֡
ۡ
ʣµ߸ˣ˲ֱɱʣһˣȴһ˿϶Ӷӱ
ľףɱʰս֣׼롣ĮȻԸ

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ĿôĻ֪Ǹ˱ɣջĿ⣬һطʬ壬һɨ̾Ϣϧǹǿһֵ˵ױ
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˵ĿⶼԽ
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ҰУ˵ͫȻһȻ֡ңϫûһҲû˿˷ܣƽ޲侲Өǵı
ͣ
ϫֶȻӳˮѸݵڵ˵ʺһĨûκε飬һۣβһȥ
ҪΧͱɱ·ǰˣѾȥһֻˣͿԴﵽĿġ
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ॵॣ
ǾޱԹߵȥʬǰɨƬ̧̣ͷ֣ͷųһĨ棬˲佫ʬٻһաǾӨѩϣȻһĴָϸѪɫղһͷһöײ
ܲҵȵټûбΧ£֮ǰݵһʱɱΧ˵ȷǸС
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֣һѪɫٴηöײ쳹İɭּ䣬ȴһ˿ļµıϢ


332 ħ
˴Լһʱϫȷû׷ڷŻٶȡ
˼һô죬ȫڲǺܵģɭУƺѵõӣһ˷
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һڤɭɳۣϫһԺɿ˼
ڤɭֺܴ󣬹÷ûб߼ʣ룬ľԽԽӴҲԽԽߣ紣ڲµЩľ˶¡
룬ɭпʼɽɽһһΡ磬ȴïܵɭָţոһƬߵɭ֮۶ǲԴ֮ɫ
ȻһȻĸоӿͷ˳ϫ˼ԶһֻҺɫɽ֪ʲôԭ򣬹ͺͺģһƬ嫵ɭֺ쳣Ŀ
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ڵȻҲһǿܰһͷԶħڴˣ޷Ϊء
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Щƾٶȿǿ֮һ·ϱܹ˲ޣȻɱģҲ˼μս
ֱʱϫûгװ׷һͷͨӲӵľ޴򼣬Ѿ׷ˡ
һͷƫִֺǿޣʮɣʵֲͨ׿Ǽ⾫֣ն飬ǧֻȾ˫ĵľɨɽֻҪϫͻѭϢ׷ϣݡ
ճϫƲ⣬ͷɫʵ֮ϣɫķͿٶȣԼҪնɱǳ˵Ρ
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䣡һϫ뿪ղվλõһƬľϣиǧٵ޴Ѻۡ
һͷ޴ɫǧȣͬһɫ֣ǳѪͫųϫ뿪ķһ˿ޱȵķŭֻһ㣬ȴֱӵˡ

ͻȻּһһߴʮɵĺӰ˳ޱȣ̧־ͳϵɫץȥ
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ͷɫһæǧֻȣԳɱȥ
飡
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ڤɭ֣Σգǿµ飬ǿʳ޴Ѫܵɱ
ûеԣʵСǻ˶õġΪһ̾пܳΪеʳ
ϫѪսΣ̫գкüζˣһغҵǣΪ㹻ǿֻ²˼ͷ­ܹڶʱڻָԲӹϮ
ϫγһܺõϰߣֻҪָ̻ͣʵͣ㼴ͣ뿪ûаʱɹ˷ѡΪһطһӣͻᱻŷϮ
սԳϫʵΪҲв棬ǰ죬ΪѴﵽڣ֮ս˲ֹһھʿҲսƽɫ
һ·УϫѰʮֳƵĵرĺҩȡ˲ƤǺͲϣֵ޲֮Ӥܶһţһʿɹ۵ĲƸ
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333 Ӱ
һƬʯ̲λڤɭּıԵش޴ᾹʯҷֲЩʯǧɸߣȴֻʮɷΧϸԶԶȥһֱĳǹȻη˪
ء
絶ķӹʯѣЩι״ľʯߣ̶ԩڿ޺ţȺħڼС
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Ŀܹܵ˵ûܹܵΪУ˵ķӰαֶֻ֮һѡ
óսʵǾޱв磬ȴںս𵤰ʮʮǾޱҪǰ
ԭܼ򵥣׷֮ͳ켶̿Уܹ󼰡֯ǲҲΪĿ꣬žκĿܹߵĿܣ
ע⣬Ŀͣˣɱ׼Ҳûʧ֣ܿ㷢ĿĴλá

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˿Уϫȷ֮
û˷֣ϫȥЩμʸĵطעطһ˿΢⡣


335 ŤתǬ

һμʸƿգٿȻ⣬ÿһⶼɱ޼᲻ݵķϢ
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ϫվڴǰа˿ƻֱʱƿУҪģǵȴˡ


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ѪһֺҩɢĶζᵽ֮ԺлּΪǿҵĻþ
ѪĶζΪֻҪ̷ֻ԰շһ죬Ϊһңڵɡ
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Ҳˣϫص黨롰ǺʱЩԾһ޲Ż᲻˰ΣԥسˡǺ󡱡
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ҺãֱڼƻѾʮ֮˾ţǡջ񡱵ʱˡ

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Ȼ׻һ֣Ѫӹôãףսıʣ˫ĽοǰԽֻһ󣬺ɱֻҪҵڣȫ
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ⲻһ󣬵ĻǵһΣȻǹƮĴ˽⣬ȻƶƾԼ˵ƵҲֻʱѡ
˳ǰȥٶȲ죬ÿһ̤ϱȻһ󶴣ʲô󣬶÷飬ױԻ
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䲻ڣκη󣬶ǷڣֻҪݻ٣ķҲɲǼ߽⡣
ԽǰߣԽ㡣
ϫվһ˶ѣǰҲվһɱĻ赲סԼĲ
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ֻɱˣйʱŭ
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ҲѶãô˻ᣬŰɱ˲ʮˣǵȿɲ棬ôĳϫðһ˿亹
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337 ɱ˺ɱ֮
ϫɣҲûԤԳ淨֮Բ³¥Щ̿ͻʱԱ𵤣ȫսĶƿء
˸տʼôԭĿռ俴ƹʵֻһСɽѣֻǱǺ󡱸ǣӶĻ
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һ֮䣬Բ֮ڵĹľɽʯɲ촷ɽըϣһĿľĴӡ
ԶԶͿԿһɷ񱩲ݵĢƣȻϳȥҪѲ񷶼ըһ
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һ˿ɫлվǾޱˣȫֻȫû³
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û뵽ֵĸʵΪǿսãսֵİҲﵽһԼֻĸ߶ȡ
ħûһɻںޡŭ԰ֽϸһĨɫ˻󺰡
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죬ԼҪɥڴˡ
ͷһðеԹޡŭڣʱɢĵУԩ

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ӳУϬ֮ѾʧȥϵҲǱ߷һУЩꡣ
ۼϫͽɱҲ֣ƫƫȴʱͻ䣬ܵȥ
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ˢ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼˢˢ˹ȥȻľȴǻδü˷ɫ˲佩̣ͫš
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ǾޱˣھУԡѪѪʣѱȥ˵ɫ֣Ȼںޡ֮֯
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ৣ
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ϫֳһĨ⣬ֱ˳Ǿޱͷ­Ѫˮͷʬ쵹ء
һֺͨɱ̸ַŰĥΪͨȴһϹеһ
Ϊϫɱʱı̫侲ˣɱ˵ĶҲ̫ɴ࣬ˮͲһϻ˵ɱɱһԥûС
ظˣҳϫԴԼĵˣûκοɹأ
һϹĬԣǶѿϬǱϫģ⻹в
ҪԼˡңұɱ֮
ʱǿϫݳϬУһƬƽĮȻָоʱڡעӡԼһ
ϬУϫͶ˶˵һ仰Ȼеľ󶼳ʧյϬҲð޹⡣
һϹȴ˲Щɫɫ̣ƺˣΪǶ˳ϫһԣɱߣ˺ɱ֮


338 ֮
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ΪɾǿߣǺܹƣ
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Ƿû˵ɾǿצ
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ʼɨεսƷ
һĿǳһܹ۳Ӱɫǥʮֺ档
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ʱĿȴˮŽűߵʬ塣Ǿޱ׷룬ӱһĨȻͳǾޱûཻ̫ǿ˵״ҲһĬȻ
ѰٵĿټôȻʵɳƣͬ线УڶУкֱðëȻ
Ѱˡ³Աæش
ãھͳƳһ۸ղ˵ˣ⣬Ϣϱߣ߽Ѱͳ졣
ǣ

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ǣѰشԼ࣬ɫƽֲǾޱ֧Сȫ
Ŷɽ͸һ˿ȣһЦǺǣܰѽƻթĳɱǾޱܣ֮ǰҲ͹Сһ
Ѱҡͷݰ񷴫鱨Է粼һմޣаԡȸԳȰޡֳǵ˾ųɶЩ֣֮Ա𵤶ֻгǾޱǱ˸ͷ­
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ϫȻ֪µĴ̿ʵΣǣԷ˿ֻ֪Ϥ˳Ǿޱ˵
ûмܣǶһɽشǱŬԼָ״̬
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ϣЩһɣһս֮󣬱Ҫ뿪ڤɭ֣¥ɳһЩֹֻԼгҪˡϫԶɫᶨ૲ѡ


339 
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˸ȡǾޱͷ­һɿֲȻǾޱͷ­ӿ˲ϢһƬ𺣣Ѵ˷ٻһգҺ
ĿôĻ׼ȴԾӿһ޷Ƶķŭ̫̫
ҲǺȻѣѾСˣԾɲɱرԷƣǷŭ֮࣬ûɸеһ˿¡
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ոͻ֣ᷢЩըĵطһǡγһԲΣԲĵС
ӿĹˮˡŰĻ𺣡籩ķСĿâ硭ֻһ˲䣬رʽĹǡ
ϽױĻ쵰ȻôϽױһƬըУ֮ĲҺ


340 ɭӰ
ڤɭУ죬ֲڣգƿ֮
һϽױ൱ڽ𵤺ʿȫһ
²һϽױţϽױԳԳϫֱ֣֮ǻˮ¶졢ľ׻ơӡײǶֱ
ǰϽױֱ̺ľˮִ壬ÿһֶɱĹԱ
ӱһָıǰбϣͷųֲ
ײǶܹ˲ͷųһγһǹ˷ֹܡ
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Բʮ֮ڣԭԴïʢһľ˷ɻƮǱըһأð̵ĴӣĿꡣ
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׼жնɱʱԶУطһҵĲʲôҪһ
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ְ񷣬ݼѰͳ죡񷿴һĻʱӳ˼ѣ
ѰĿһɨĿľֿ˿ģǱİ񷣬жʱȻ˻ֱ֣˵Ŀһϸ˵˴Ұнͳ켶̿ͶǲɱĿ꣬˴ֻʧˡҲ֪Ϊ¥̿ͣʧ֮Ҫܵĺɣ
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ıԳڣڲ֡⴦ɲڤɭУԸĿ꣬ͦͷ۵ġ
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ճϫ˰ͳֵ⣬漰ɡѹԼնɱʱĿԾͶԱ˰ֵԲŻ䲻ֵ֪زˡ
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ɽ˳һۣȻ˲˽㣬Ϊʦǿ㳤ģῴ˼СҲһأĻ̫Ӱĵ;
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嶸Ȼһ˫ֲԾȻսиӿһĨȵĺ⣬һţ֮󣬲ſɬ˵ʦͽʲôʱж
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ΪٸߣҲΥ浱ʵ
ϹﶼףһϫϵıɾǺ͵ԣԣǳеǱҲе


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뿪ڤɭ֣Ѿȥʱ䡣ʱڣһն֮أаʯ̲Ѫ֮ءħߡ
ÿһն֮أһ㣬޾ΣպɱУ˲ֹٵϮ֡޻дѪɷлûĿֲѪ顢дӱıħͷȵȣÿսǼࡢޱȣϸƽһ춼Ҫһս
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ȫʩչǿ֮ΪҲ㹻ǿͱͷݻӵʱϼûһõĵطǴĿľ˺ۣʱ䣬Żָ
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Ȱ˿һ·ϣǰãѪļһﲢûжʲôŵڷŻ˶ӡ
ԭ̽һ£ܷһѲԼϵѪɫÿԼжǾ͸ˡ
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һзһ˿ǣôҡڵķɳڰУһ;Ϯô죿
Ҫ֪ͨľ·ϣǿ֮ޣѰʿͲڰзɳۣΪǸûʲô
һĻĻȴȶʱףԼ뷨жôĿЦǶôĶࡣ
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ĿһУнʣһ˿ҲȻ޴棬УðˣһħԼ޷Ĵڡ
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ŰĻľɭһӴĽɼĽߵʵжôۺ
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ڻľɭ࣬󷽾㵴ϿȡױĮѪصȵ֮ءЩطΣչΣգȴѵһĲϺͱһȻ⣬ʿ˷һĥʵֿѰһЩνһá
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347 
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֪ʿϸ磬ڿٳ˵Խʵպ׽𵤾İվԽ
׽𵤾֮ھ͵ӵ֮أǡ;ҡҷĸƼ
ʱ򣬰ѸʵԽպȡóĳɾ;Խ
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ǴʿˣһжҪ·ߵøԶҪøһΪԪݵ⣬òѰһЩݾȻ󲻹˸Ƿ񣬾ʹҴҽףˣԪӳꡣ
ܹ߼˵ʿ٣ҲֻЩŴɵӵᡢʲסԳʦųָ㣬ԼӴԴ֧֣벻ʵѡ
ϫȻƫԶСǵ壬ʡԶǷȱֹõԴҲ٣Ȼʱ飬Ϊ˿Ϊ磬Լպĵ·
ҲˣϫŰʵֶΣ棬ǰģͨһƷʣӶһԼ߱

һѺϱϫӸȡ˳ĹѪҺķ׵צǧıƻľڱɷеİҺȵȶʮֲϡ
Щ϶ǳϫڤɭ֡аʯ̲ħһյлãһǼֵ֮ϣмУǮ򲻵
ÿһϵļֵԻһؽ׼Ʒˡ
ڣϫʮֲͳͳƷʡʿ֪ǱùѪͷɡ
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ʵҪƷʣһݵķǾľ̫֮𡢱񾧡ɿˮϢƽЧҪЩҪ֪߳ٱ
ϫôռخ˵ﶼǴбԴܹ޷оڽʱܹٳһ磬飬Ҳǿ֮ҲܹС
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գطɳһ¯ͨƣӿ֣һơ
¯Ϊ鶦ͨǧֻзƹɣԳۻ֮ڣ¯Чȴ¯ãרĲϵġ
ϫϸϸоڵ񹂣ÿһ񹂶һȡ֮֮ߵı⣬;࣬Ƹָı۳ǰ鶦ȵȣƵڹ㡣
¯ڿգתϼɢԡ
ϫָһǰġ𡱣ע롰鶦ڣ¯Ȼݣһƻϣֱѷ衣
ϫҵץϵĸֲϣһ¯ڡ
ͣ
һϸһ¯ͱ޾סۿɼٶһڻһεҺ̬¯ڼݡ
һУϫʮָӰһµķͬĳϫһ㣬
¡¡
鶦ڷһ֮ԵĻڿУž֮
ϣӡľ񣬶Ӱ쵽ϵƷʸߵ͡ϫ˫ʮָû˿һױȵٶȱ÷裬ǧϰٵӿ¯֮ڡ
ӿڶڻĵεξʼ໥ںϣ̶̸϶
ϫԴ˳ţ۾һգգȫĹ۲¯ڲı仯˿и
֪³һʧеĲ϶һգһҪƷҲ֪Ҫٵȵ¡
̳졣
죬ľڣһɫɱʿ׳챦¥̶ӣ˴ǰľΪչֲ϶
ڻľʿʱųĶ飬ԼЩõĲ
֧׳챦¥̶ӣΪ׵һòõĽֳ꣬ɣΪڽ𵤺ڣʵߣһݣʦڽʣ֮ͨȻͳ֧ʮ˶졣
ʱֳһԣ۲Ž׵Ľչ״ʦݣѾ±عˣıŻԳ档
Աߣһθȳƣ˪ѩձŮӣһʢڱɽ֮۵ѩ°ַỤ̊ΪߣڲİȫҲ׳Ǹ
㲻˵ˣǵ̶Ӳˡ
ҿԸһķãģ·ǾԲǣŵ̶ӵ򡣡
˵ˣУ
ֳִ̧ͷ˿ԼŮֿ˿ŮԱǸһͷƺɫŮӡҡҡͷֹˣȥ׳ǻа֮ңһ·գʹ·ˡ
üͷһ壺ףһ
ֳɻִϵôɡ
üͷĬã̧ͷֱǰŮӣ侯òҪʲôͷʱпɱ㣡


348 ׳
ӵһͷƺɫ΢ģȻȣвʮľ棬ЩǵͷЦһһ
ǰЩ죬ϫ뿪ʱԼһͬ·ȱУǡ챦¥̶ǰ;̶֧һߣ·ҲȫһЩ
Ͼľ׳֮䣬ϰңԶ룬·Σأڶ࣬챦¥̶֧뿪һѡ
̬˳ɫ࣬΢°ͣ˵Ǵ뿪øϽͬǰǿɲˡ
˵գת뿪һ°ıӰ
ȶԴȴ벻⣬ֻһСʿԲҸ챦¥˼ƽϣοղǹ°ŮˣһλʦŮ磬ҲԶܹġ
ȥʮˣǰô̧ͷ¥һյķ䣬ü΢еԥ֪ʱȥţǷŵϫ
ʱ򣬲ϲѾչϣ챦¥̶ӵһڻɨβϾҪ̷׳ǡ
İˣһԣü˵ľӣĺĵܣһǡ
һСѾͷѣʲôΣգһԵҲáֳɻ˻֣п⣬˭ףܰͰɣֻҪǵĺȾˡ
ӣתͷأڷͬļӺܴҪȵ뿪ʱų֣
ȥһ㶣ԥһҧŵŵų¥ݿȥȴе㷲аοԼò׵ȵ챦¥̶ӣɲݴʧˣǰ֪ԵɣӦòᳯҷŭġ
ˣֳɲҡҡͷ˵Ƣøĸģ׵ˡ
££˿ںҾëⱲӶĲ
ֳٴҡҡͷȴǲٶ˵

ˣ
ڣһö
ϫнв¶һ˿ϲƹĽߡ磬ɽأз޹⣬ԵùӼԼԼһַ豹ζ
ƽ棬ֻгϫ֪һأȫԺ׷˫ȥμȺǴᣬҲõıķѹԼһͷ
ϸϸһϫ㼴ѽվӣϴ˸ˮ裬ˬоһ񣬲ٶŶ
ǰˣȸߵ¥ݿڣûü¥俴ϫ߳ţɾϲڵ
ķʮʱ䣬ɹѽƷһΣóϫܲɺЦ˵ͷ
һŷ֣˿̵ĳϫֱһˣ֮ǰãѪģؤƵġһϮɾһǷصҹգĳһ£ǾεˣԵ׿ȺƮȻ
ԭһﲻᣬģ˿ΡȵȣղžȻЦһ£
죡
ɱ˲գ۵ɱǾȻҲЦ
һһ˿ĸоһĨΣ֪侹ͷҸϫӡ
ǲ¶һ˿ɬô˵ӲԸʮ㡢ޱȵС椣ȻẦߣ
ôˣϫ¥ɻؿһȡ
һʱѹҡͷûʲôˣҪء˵ţͰԼ챦¥̶һ뿪һ
˵꣬Ծɲе㷲ĳϫ԰Լ
֪ϫֻǵ˵ͷҲãһһɡ
ȵʱ˿æڻľǸϽȥǻϰɡ
ϫȣ߳ľͿһŮ䳯Լдһ˿䱸;裬ԼԼһ˿
һȻԱߵȣô£
ڰѸղŵһ飬СĴĴС㣬Ƣغһʶ
ϫЦЦٶ˵ʲô
ŸʲôҪˣüɨһ۳ϫȣһξǣ·ǧʲô˼Ǻÿġ
ͷϫ˰ɣ
ϫҡͷֵá
ؿڣЦݲõǾͺãһܲ
ϫȻҵƢôã
ҡͷȴƢãͲͺȫˣǸǿҲᱻʮ⣬ֱ¥ˡ
챦¥̶֧Ӻ̳ܿ
ֳɺ̣֧ܼʮΪڽ𵤾磬ɫʵΪ
Ȼ̼ΪԸǲΥ丸ֳɵ˼ϫصذһʱϫڱУϸϸܣó̶֧Ӳֹһ·ǰУ죬һ·ϲûΣա
ϫоֵǣЩɫɣ͸һ˿أڷʲôһԵе㲻
ֲãԭ֧ƺʲôˡϫĿԶĴ֣Լܹʲôһ̶ֱ֧Ӻ󷽡
ǺǣСֵܣȾ𣿡
ڳϫ֮ʣͻȻһЦһ̶֧ӵֳɣһƤ«ڳԼʾ⡣
лˡϫЦЦòؽӹƤ«ڣһƷƣ̾þƣֻ˺Щͷ˰ɣ
ֳзһ˿ͣЦ벻СֵҲǴ˵˰
˶٣ԴпΣͷǵøСֵʹһɡʵ̶֧һС鷳ŮҲ˸ǣ鷳УԲš
ϫͷ⡣
ֳЦǾͺãλ·һЩΣգӱӣҪСˡˣλʲôҪܸĳ˵ֻҪܼ԰λ쵽˵գ㼴뿪
λΪ˵ҲһԣС˵
ǵȻһ˼ϫ˼
òֽһЩ鷳ɣһתȻʵ
ϫÿɷҲЩȷҲֳǷдģ·ϾһЩ鷳һԼֻҲòˡ
¡¡
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ؾҲ΢΢ζ
ãǳȺѪ򾣡
һ󾪺ͬʱ𣬳ϫƿһĴڣ̧ȥ
ȻͿڶǰ涸Ȼ³һͷͷ򾣬ȴˮͰϸ״̣ͷһ֧ĴָϸķѪǡǺ¡¡Ѫƿʱ
һͷѪʵ൱ڻͥԲ磬һȺޣһǳǧ򣬾ǽ𵤾ʿһΧҲ
ǰľɱ˳ȺѪ·


349 
ľɭУȺѪ˻Уӿˮӿ飬ǰ·
ѪǿΣֻҪ˼ͷ­ϵѪǣͿ˲ָټǳȺûӴ󣬾ǽʿһǵİΧУҲ

ֳɺ̶ڶ໤ʶԥƣ׷׳֣ɫâҫǵӿѪȺ
һʱ֮䣬ؼ䵽ԪѪˮ٣֫ҷɣԲǧڵĹľʯɨ飬ĩ
̶֧ӵĻܼʮˣΪڽ𵤾磬Ȼ֣ɵƻҲǼΪɲ
̣ʱľŮӣȷнʵһõӿգ˲նɱʮͷѪ򾣬˵ޱȡ
Ѫǵʵ̫࣬飬糱ˮһ㣬ɱһִӵһ޾һ㣬ͷۡ
ս뼤ҵĽ״̬ù£˶¶ƣ֮ɫζΪ
ѩն
ˣһҧֽգƮ裬貨ӣһıѩк£ֻһ˲䣬ͽѪȺ˴룬ˡ
һȴĵ߰˰ˣüӿһĨƣϸϸֻݱܷâ
ô˻ᣬƳһԶıһŮ޶ԣвһŭһĹŮֵʱ̣ӦЭѹأǵãŵöҳˣ
ϫɲ֪ڸԼд㣬ЩѪĿ࣬ȴκβ̶֧ӵĸ֣սʤҲֻʱѣóʱȻְһѡ
ȴЩסˣ˿޶ԵĳϫԥǸоⲻȥջǳ±һնɱѪ򾡣
ϫЦЦûֹʵһԭʱ֡
ӻľ뿪֮һ·Լоʲô̶֧Ӻ󷽣겻ɢͼ졣
ܸо˵ʵӦΪΪóǱУԼȥģֻ»˲ʧȥԴ˵òʧ
ȻһĻУȴϫˣѾѳϫ˳СһƤңȴпá
Ԫϼײһһˣɨ˷ϫƲսֳյ蹦ѪʼҼ٣ҲûµѪ
ѪҪȫߣʤټӰѾֳһ߹һ߹ʿ
ʵ˵˶ѿߣɫһȫַ֣ҪǮƵĺҶֻ䣬·ǰѪͱȫ߱һصĶ֫
սһش˿صĵʬ壬µúֻѪȺһͷѪô˼ɱ
Ѫ֣ǵֻȫҪ
˵˵ѡ
ʱһĿϫڵıĵ벻СӾȻǸҷϣλﶼ硣
˵ʱƳһ۲Զȣ̾ϢҡҡͷΪеֵ
ϣСȥˣҲǷҪæֻΪҲ̫˰ˣλֱϹ۾
ҪᣬݺݽѵһǸС
üɨһЩˣɲЩΪԼ򱧲ƽҲøǽͣתȥ
Զֳ۷׷ף˹ǳں˵ʲôʰһ£·
ֹ£ֵﲻˬƾʲôﲻȴҪƴƴ
˼ǿˣ𣿡ֳƳһ۳ϫڵıֵҪҽˣϽʰһ£뿪Ѫֻ»ޡ
죬ȴٶ˵вʡ
ȴܲˣʲôˣ鷳ΪҲóְæɣҿһ
ֳɵŮһۣҲǰ֣ѵԼˣ
ûã̶Ӽ̣۵糸
ҹ
̶ɭӪһս˶ƣʱ񣬷ֻµ׳ǣͻᱻһһĨɱ
ܣһЩڵĻ˶£һ𣬺ȾƳ⣬Ҳį
ֳ̱ԱߣƳһԶһŵĳϫвӿһĨ⡣
̶УϫܴˣһֻŮ˰ûԸΪ飬ƺ˵һ仰ûԼݣΡ
Ȼһֱĵظϫߣ벻
һпУȴǶ̾ϢѣΪȲֵ
ףǶˡǱȾһĨκ죬޲ɷ
ֳ֪һھƣ̾ϢǰΪ֣͸߰ɣ͵˳·һ̵ˡ
ʵֳҲЩ⣬óϫʲô֮ˣΪʲôֵĮ飿
š̵˵ͷЩ૵һ·һֱвܾҪʲôһ˵òͷһֱû뿪ɣ
ֳɫҲָоʲôһЦǱǼǳɱ̣϶ưոݡ
ҡҡ촽ɫһᣬ˵Ҫ뿪̶Ӷжɣʡø̶鷳
ֳ֣üȳͷʵ죬ǿߣж𣿴Ҫᣡ
ƲƲ죬ٶ˵ֻǶǰ
ֳһ̾Ůļ˵İɣиڣܵκ˺ģ飬ֻҲԭҵġ
Ȧһ죬׿ڸ׼ϣ佾˿ȴǺ¶һ˿̬һеı䡢һαװڵ
ԶԣϫһţΧۻȻ⡣
ô
ֳ̺ɲûô̸ȴһ˿˶УʱԶԶ׺ڶߵĶʲôˡ
֪ܾ˵Ҳһݺɭеİޣһ˿Ĺ޴Ѫ֮鼫Ϊǳ𣬳һɱͻᱻһֱݣ׷ţһܶʿͷޱȵĿ´ڡ
ǰ飿ȳЩɡ̧ͷϫþòСʵ˵ʱݹһֽƵĿ⡣
ϫӳ˼ѹֽӹһڣ̾գϵʦˡ
ȿЦˣȸԾóͶһЩҰˡˮҼ洫طƣ
˵ţֵݹһ«Ͼƣѳϫ̵ܵ΢УһۺޱȣˮԸжһùȴһ˻Сˣ
ϫĿУ˼ʺͷߺޡ
ϫĻںЩùƺ«һͨ࣬Ȼ徢ӣԶþư
һĵ۾Цϫܹ裬ڵźϫ
˼ˣʱѿҪ档


350 
ҹ
ľɭУȼ˶ѽȴ
ϫеΣҶ¾ȡ
ʱǰȼһ˺ȾԵЩȤžƺ֪ȻȵʱһֻСèƵϺȻ˯ء
ɱǣûεģܶԽһ㣬ѽȢؼҲɡ
ͻȻȵӣУһ߽ƵĺϫһӣɫЩΣȴѵܲô
ϫͷһȣòϣŮ˵ȷ޶֮ѩ񻰼͹һͷƺɫ΢Ƶɢ£Өذ¶ƵĹ޳飬Ըʮ㡣
ʱͷԼȶߣң̬У΢ɢһƻʪȾζķϢɢžĶǵջ˺޲һ׷
ŮӺϣϫҲӿһ˿ḧһȵĳû̾˿
Ӣڣ
ϫôΪֻϼ縺Ķ̫࣬һֱػرŮ֮£ϪˣˣˣǰҲͬˡ
ʵԭܼ򵥣ֻǸоκһŮֻҪԼעϰΪԼõ룬
ⲻҪģһֱԹ׷
ţϫԺвԾºᰡһת֮Ŀ֮ŮһѪħڵһ֮ǿߡ
Ůˣ֮ǰ޲ɱԼƫƫȴԵɺ֮£Լ˫˫Ů֮£֮ϣֲ֪ԡ
ʱ龰ϫҲͷ
պ˴ǵѣ
պʱ˾ֿ
ûɵأϫٴ̾˿о֮һ֣ȷ޷ܣ޷Ⱥƿء
ʱһΣյĸоӿͷϫʱʹӷ˼ѹһɨˣҡҡͷˣ鷳Լǽ˰ɡ
뵽⣬ϫٳɣȱаúãĿһɨԶǺqqɭ֣ӰһΣ㼴Ϣʧԭء
ɭһͷƬʮɸߣͽ˶׳ĺܣһľ֮һѪɫͫżԶ̶ӣĿ͸ŰпĹ
һͷΪϻ۵ıӴ󣬵ǶںڰУϢȫޣϢǳϫʶǿľˣҲѷĴڡ
ƲʲôͷȻ̧ͷѪɫͫбһ磬ƺڰ˲Ϳʮ⣬֪ʱһӰ
ʹ뿪ҿһ
ǳϫȻͷҲǰѣߵʵֻһִܵ磬ӵһ˿ѪһͷޣʵȫԺʿˡ
СС࣬ô˵ͷԣѪͫһ˿мѾǰСһֻǽ𵤺ڣСһƶһ
˵ʱֱӶ֣ӴһΣƿգ⼤䣬ݺݳϫͷҶٶȾ֮
һ˹ľѵǻƽˣ֮ն飬񱩷ɢ
ϫҵʮɸߵӿϼⱬҲ˲仯ʮɸߣ˵ϢȻǣ𵴰˷ͨء
䣡
ϫŲһ̤عѣԥһȭ˳ȥ
ȭཻؼ䱬һɿֲ죬ϯԲڵйľ촷ۣϷɳʯѺ
һĵˣһվбһݡ
ϫٶԾһŷ߶
ٲУ˫ƿ£ɽѹ뱬գס
飡
ϫȶ⣬ϵɨֻɽ֣һ֮Ӳһǡ
׹ڵأһɾ˳ȥٴĵˡ
𣡡
ƴˣͷŭˣ˫Ŀ죬񱩣ȫëۼ׷۽⣬һ޺أɱ֮˶
ٴ˹һ⣬ܲ˫վɽ󸫣õâ⣬ϫϯ
ϫظҲѪڣоҵ˸ֵͶ֣Դչֺظһˡ
䣡
ͨءǿ֮Ƕӡϫηݣܣ糹գɱϡ
һһܣȫԿս˲Ȼһ·ݺԶսԽԽȭཻĺֱףƬľɭڵ޶ǺȻӴܣֲ
춯Ȼ̶ˣһӣȻԶ
Զؼ䣬ʮɸߵӰսͶ֮䣬籬â䣬ϼ֮
ǺǱս˭ÿֲ
һλߣʩչأ죬Ȼ뱩սò£ѵΪѴﵽ֮
̫ˣ
ĿɿڴһڲڣӰսನֲ̫ǸܵһϢѹָо߽սâ̫ۣû˿ǵʮɸߵӰǳϫ
ֻȣҴһɨܣûзֳϫӰԼµЩʲôȴǲȷšΪڻľڣϫʩչһʿӵеģûֳһλ߲ӵе
ǵӰƺǸСֳֵܰͫ΢УɫȴҲȷǵӰ˭
̴߷һ˿ҡͷǸ˰ʵϴˮҶĸԸ
ֳҡͷԼŮԶԳϫɼҲö˵ʲôֻ̾˭ǵĶˣûֻ½⵽Ĺˡ͸һ¡
ţлᣬһҪúñλˡ̺ͬ׵Ĺ۵㣬ͷ
𣡡
޺ףǵأƾİ乥ҲɽǶԽɫצÿһ£գƣϫȭͷײһϼ죬¡¡Զ˺Ȼ
ǾĲǱһӰǵȿֲȻ·磬ܸʤһ
ݺɱɢɨأľһƬƬ̮أЩľɭеĵͰɽʯȫķѣһЩɽ˲ըΪ촷ۡ
˵սǧ֮⣬ҲֻһƵı޺ԶԶ
ˣԾĳȣѣһսעڼһʱ޷
ܿ죬еʧؼعһƬš
˭˭Ӯˣ
ǰղȥˣһ̧ͷͿϫԼߣЩϲڸղţڵĳϫء
ȵҲڳˣϫ˰С˶һҡͷ
ֹ˰һղԱŵöˣ˵ŵأԱһôЦ
ϫЦЦȻΧ˵ļֱ˱ղ뱩һսɹļҶԿģҲеһƣúϢһ¡
˵ղ˻᲻ֳ˼
Ҷ˵ˣҰϴˮԡûǣôһСˣһֵӣ
УϽ·ɣ˭ʤ˭Ǳ뿪һţֻ¾鷳ˣǸϽ뿪Ϊáֳɻ˻֣ЩͷۺԼŮϫ


351 ִ׳
̶һ㼴Ҵ·
֪λսĸҲѰټΪ˱һʲô⣬뿪ƬǷ֮أһѡ
ΪźúðлһλأлܽһԵǾ͸ˣϧԸΥҲֻʰԴʧ飬뿪
·;ϱûзʲôա
ϫճôϢϢȻûһС˻ľ¾ͺһȾ죬׳ǵҲ˽һЩӹΪƽʵ
ĵһͳϫӴֳ֮ϫǸļһƽ׽ݣֻҪһЩҪӦԼʱȵȡ
ҽӴʱԽ֣ϫֹʵ˵ãȻͨƷһһλճߵʦ
ʦһּΪĴڣҪΪʦϼѣӳϫ¶ƬУ֪ϫȻܹϽױʱҲκδʻԼˣϫĿ⣬ü춼޾ľ̾ͳݡ
ʵһᣬȡ˴ĳɾֱͣһǧ겻ţ
ϫĳżչʾһ³֮ȶʱһУ˼˳Էϣÿ糿硢϶ڴͬһ仰ʦٳԵʲô
Ϊ˳´ʦʵһԱԻ
Ϊ˱ԼĽл⣬ȫ̸ʳϴ׼ϴˢꡢ˲赹ˮЩмС£͸˵ˣľ΢˼ҵŮûڿ졣
һĻУϫˣо˻ֱĻ쵰һλиʮĴŮʹıŮ澶ڿ죬޲콵һϣ
Ǻܿ죬ɧͼʾͻ˹ˮһɨա
ϣӪһɭϪԱߡ
ϪʢһɫƬĴ㣬ʮ㣬Ө͸ɢŵ
̺ܺḻļ۸񰺹ֻ֮һЩʿѵ֡
ȵ֪ƵŮĪôͰ಻סмһӲ˼ʮͳͳϫ
ϫԲȵ£ܣ¯ʮ·ߢҩһ
ʣµǥţܵϣ⽹ۣϸˬڵĿ㡣
˵ܿƮּ䡣
ڴ̶̲ס̿ˮζʵ̫ˣֱܹĻ׳໥ܡ
棬ֻÿţû취һ·ǶԳϫû·ɫʱǵͷҪԵģɱǻܡ
Ϳ㣬ϫŷеˣԼȸͳԲ£ĻʧȥѵĿڸкζ
Ƴһܰ̿ˮˣһЦվӣȥȴȥЩҲָ˳ԶУҪл·ݶɲˡ
䣬Ѿ˱С
ʵҲԥأõϫ׿ϣԥֳɺ̸Ůˣһɫζȫķʢ͡
̶еԵҪȳϫҪϰǧ̬ͣһλԸлĴŮһڡΪѡӦ
ʵͰ಻סĻ׳棬տʼõʱ̬һ£ǵһҧڽͻڼϣʱ۾Բˣٹ˲ʲôȺ֣ҲȻԼĳˣֿ㣬̻
һЦϫհ˲ģҲɡ
һʱ֮䣬ɭоǴھ׽Ŀʱһĺ
ζƱ֮Ŷӣ˸ıã
ȷΪȻ׷׸͡
̱ĵصһЩװģļһǸղŵĳ࣬һһԼһЩûˡ
ƹΪολСֵˣץסŮ˵θ͵ڷİֳɸп
һ죬ͷѡѾһ֮󣬴ҶԳϫĵų⣬Իࡣ
ʵ֪ڽļУ˶Գϫ̸̬ѺãҲˡ
峿Ʈϸ꣬ïܵɭֽϡ٣Ұ̧ȥѾԼܹһۻֺĳ̾ڼԶԼһ绡֡
ڿҪִ׳ˣ
ȡ֮ǰϽС
ǵȻһȥ¥һ컴ء
ԶԼɼĳ̶˾һ˷ܵӻľѹȥ֮ã·;ƣ˴СС޻һֱţʱ˶ѰͲøϻسУúϢһ
ԭҪ׳ˡ૵ȴ͸һ˿ʧ䣬뵽ͳϫദЩӣûһ뷨·һӶ߲Ǹöð
ϫȴûע⵽һɲǲ¶һ˿ȻԶĳڼ
ӻѻڤɭ֡аʯ̲ħߵȵ֮أִӻľнڴ˿ڽҪִ׳ǣһ·ļգϫҲǰٸн
ǧ⣬ǰһˣΪһ˳ŮӣӨף鶯䣬ȶˣһϮȹҡҷҪ˷ȥߣһӢ꣬ԼʮǿߣǷ


352 
һˣվ׳⣬ԵüΪۡǿӢ꣬·ʿ¶ηĿ⡣
С㣬û׺ٺүǱߣ
ԭ׳ǵ㣬ٺү
˭Ҳ֪ǰŮǺˣȻٺүݣһֱ㻤ԣҲһλ˲õ
ȥȥȥٺүٲ죬ŭⱲӱ뿪׳ˣ
·ʿۣ΢΢һЦԵüΪֺţĿߵİŮӣȴһ̾
һ˵ⶼڴ˵һˣҸϣϢһЩڴ˵ȺһϢ֪ͨҲٰ
ŮӺȻ챦¥磡
ʱԶԶççɭ֣ɫҲ֪˼ʲôûĻһ
۵һ˿ãа޲ѣԼΪ׺ٺү磬ʵ˵ãһȲСӣڣȴҲûйעøԼ˵һ仰
Ǹһ﾿εºܣȻյʱ䣿
ǿɺް
зĪҲ̲ס˵˵¥˶СӵĴɱܸҲ֪ӻѻ׳֮Ŷٵ֮أ˵һʿǿҲ̤СҿѾʲôˡôȥʲô壿
ȻŤͷ磬䶢㣬ʲô˼
ôһʣŭӿȴӲЦҲֻʵʵ˵ѣȻﲻԸҲˡ
һߣ竺ү֪Ϊ˲Լ̰ԼòͼͨԼ׺ˮ֮佨ϵ
ɣӽԼǳ׺⡣
ףǲ챦¥ǰľչϵ̶ǴӻľӦ˽⵽ʲôϢͻȻԱһλǿ߳˵
̧һȻͿһӻľɭг߳
ʱ򣬶ǰֳɺ̣Ҳ˳ǰˡ˸ҵ飬ȳŷӶȥ
ֳɣݼ
ǰֳһȻ֪Ů챦¥жȨƣԼȻΪʦȴﲻŮ˵ġ
ֹˡ˵ͷ
㣬ʲôʱ׳ǵģ˵׳ǣҾͲҵȥľˡߣ֣˵ʱﻹһ˿佾ģֱղСŮƵġ
Ц̵ĳȴǲ˵ǳֳʵ·Ͽʲô飿
ֳЦĸһ·оա
ȴһ˷ֹ˵Ȥ£Ҳкܶࡣ·һر˰Сɶ͸үƵģһ·ϾһŮ˷ţȴСʲô޶ŵöвҳֱˡ
˵˵ţ̧һȴûԼ˵һĿԶһ겻ģ
˳ĿȥʱͿӱĳϫ»ָñ佾зɿ˵쿴˵˰СףȻ߹ˡ
ֳȴԼоЩԾ￴ϫĿ⣬ƺе㼤Ȧˣ
ʱ򣬳ϫѾ˹ԱߣȻȡ
õˣϽ뿪ɣֻ˳·Ӵѡ̼ϫҡԱߵȴίѾƵģһֵ
ȻǣϫûпԼһֱۣߣЦԭ絽׳ˡ
һùԲ˰СȻʶ㣿
쵰̧Сȭͷݺ˳ϫһ£ҧгȴߵӣкա
ķӦʵ̫˵㣬˶һĿ֪࣬롣ֻԼ֪ӵ֪ϫҪٺսɱ֮ЩУԼĳ˶ٵľźͲ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҲ֪һ𣬳ϫԺƲȥӰӡֻ֪ҹĳϫڴʱȻԼǰĺһ˵ԼҪһ㣬һ㣬浽ʱ̵ס
޵滨꣬ϫȻ֮࣬ҲӿһĨŨŨжʹǰ籧˻С
ûж˵ȴ֪ʱҪֻ¾Լһԥӵ
һĻ׻˶ˣһֱ˲ٴɫ㣬Ȼ˰С˻У
ʱɵҲʱӦԼֻ¿ۡ
ֳɰĨһ亹һ·ϲûжԳϫҲû뵽Լ˳·ӴϵļһȻĹϵܣ֪ˣֻ·ǰѳϫڹɣ
̶һڻʱҲ˳ǰһĻʱһɵˣһѼ
˭û뵽һ·Լĳ˰СȻ˴ܣݸ߲ʵﶼݽУ
ֻ˵þȣȴûע⵽˺ϫľ룬ϫһԼİŮӵӿһĨĪɬѹ֮ȥ
Ҳע⵽һĻȴ׺ٺү㡣ڼϫӵʱоʹӿ֮ڣ޲һ쵰Լߡ
ʱּһɫѷɫĹͬһģڳϫߣжʱһֻӬһܣѣ죬ڵƯŮ˶ôˣôˣ
ʵ޷ǰһĻˣɿȵȻϫѾȫִǲȻسУٺúɣ
ͷϫţпޱȣ޲Զôȥʱȴһʵаⲻ۵Ļ쵰һ䣬뿪ϫԵЩɬ
߰ɣ˵
ϫʱҲָ侲ΧͶĿжһ˿죬Ҳ˼ڴˡ
šӱһᣬһС˵ģ
һ𣿡ϫŤͷȣоʱһߣδЩˡ
㶣û뵽ϫǵԼԴκģܾȴʹشӦ
Ƴһȣûж˵
Ҳ͵͵һ磬ͬ첻ԡ
Ů˶ޱȣ֪ʱһЩ桱ֻԼڳϫе⣬Ǿʹ󻮲ˡ
һĻͷֱоϫһλâɵٺүĿԼΪ·˼ףʽ򡭡
һеĲһ˼⣬Ц߰ɣѷԸںʢ磬һЩһĿ˽ܣһΪֽӷϴ


߾ ɧ


353 
׳ǣټ׺ľǡīƳһ𣬳ʰԲι֮ǰͬʱҲԭĸʢʮ֮һ콵׹Ϊǵơ
һĹųǣǹģԼƣϻֺ֮л˶޽˹ģ
һ̤׳ǣϫ㼴һѣ㳡ĽֵϣˮϢ˱˷ȥǺѹѹͷֵԵĸɫ۴αȣһһ׳ԻͣڳеɽԹΡ֮С
ϫȥݣһɽˮ飬ʫ续ĳУһ˿ʵ⡣ǰ۳ǣϻֺ룬˸ܵһɳʷظУãֲʧ買Ϊر
е֮ϣƽȴ֮Ʋлʱֳһ˿˿â绡ɫгɫɫȵȡʱֵһ̻Եڲͬ
ð֮ʿڴУƿֻҪ׵öࡣϫԼ֮⾹Ʊû
ͬʱϫҲ֣׳оۼ˲ٵЩһʶأݷţٷ磬欣һʺΪԼΪ
һ£ȺǴҪʼˣЩȲ
ǰ˴εҪǧĻأΪȡǰʮǿأ˲õĴ£һЩµῡҪμӣ˵˲ϹĵӲμӣʱȻʢǰ
ǧѷʢ£ݴһӶ׷Ī
һ·ϣͷβȺǴģԵޱȡ
ȺǴʢ£ʱԭϽȵصڶඥ⼶ǿߣνǷƻۣǿ֣ʢ£ȷ˳ڴ
ιʵΣûȺǴǰʮ·ϣͻȻԴʵ
ӽ׳ֳ֮ɱ㼴̶뿪ʱһˣ˳ϫ磬Ⱥ̡
̺ϵֺܳʱû棬Ծ͸ˡ
׺ٺү£ǰظ׼ȥˡ
˵һΪϫӷϴǸҽһһĿ˽ܣԱúóﱸһ¡һЩʧΪˡ
Ƿ˵ÿͣҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ϫǲţԼ֮ǰͲʶҲֻǳμļһԼչмӡ
ȺǴǰʮ
ԣܿͻָڻľʱϫһǿʮһĻ
ȴΪԼˣ̧ۿ˿һģڿЦвһҲ̫߿˰С˰ɣ˶˵׹밮еŮ˶ɵϣ˻Ȼ٣
಻סвڵ㣬֪˴βμȺǴĸڶ࣬ƺɵ¡诸ӡʸ졢ˮ̸硭ȵȣʮλˣ͸ỹһЩϹĵӣҲ׷׳ȺǴǰʮ֮λô˵ǲЩ
δ˵꣬˼Ѿ¶ţȻóвһЩ죬㷴ʵȲЩˣ
ҧҧӣûзϡ
в̾˿֪ٲֻɵѾͷѳϫ˰Сأһŭ˳ϫ鷳ɾʹˡ
ֱ֪ǰȡýشΨһһʤ˭
Ȼ֪˵Ͻһʿ˱ڵļ£һ˶ԨɵĮϼһܳǿҲС
˵ţɵһ磬ʵǸϫòɣ
粻ÿɷ˵֪¥ĴɱжǧһʧܸյϢ
һͷˮǵͷΪ˴ɱһʿ¥ڶ̿ͣλͳ켶̿ͶУһͳ켶̿͸ǲսӡأͬ䶯н磬ȻҲ˵ˡ
粻ٶ˵Ŀȴǿϫ
һ㶣ʱУ㶿ųϫһģѾ𾪵˵
Ҳһĳȣ֣ͻȻһ£ʵڻľɭУͷҲ˵İɣ
ϫܲϰ߱һȺŮôԼָо˵￴ƵģǱŤȵֲòشֻõ˵ͷ
ҾͲ㣡ȴЦˣһɵĽģ
ҲǱ˵ģյľһս̳ײˣʵô˵һ·Ц
ϫȻʹ𣿡
ɫһͣӣȴҲ˵ˣΪϫ˵һ·һֱѳϫС˰ϫЩ⣿
ɶ
쵰ǹģ͵ʱԼأ
ֱ޵޲úݺҧ쵰һһڡ
һ˾ôһ߽ţ֪䣬ԶԶѾܿƻֺޱȵ׺ˡ
׺ױϣۡһ޴ĺ֮ϣͨڣɾֽɣŽĹ
׺ˮУԶԶһ·̾ڴеһͷĹޣưɱļ¡
С㣿׺⣬רŵȴ
ϫһ̸ֹͣ»ָһӺݵŵȣ꣬ͷҾǡ
Ҽٺү֮ڴ˵ȺСˣλ꿴˿ϫԻƵǧľɫŮӣĿҲ¶һ˿ۣҡԴŹƵһ۳ϫҡҡͷתǰߴ·
ۡƻֺꡣϫǰߣȡ̽󣬳׺ȥ
Ǵ·ЦӺ׺ʯͣһשһĪ̺֮Ҽ˺ľ޾Ƹ㻨ѰٶʱɣǵǿߴҲȥ޻ء
ȷͬһ㡣ϫͷӽһע⵽ۡڲܲؽƣһۡ˲仯һ̺Ŀֲ
׺ӭ̻Իͣһϵܰý磬һ۵ӳմâɣɢ嵭ζĿ
ʱӭУǱƼŮС˶˲赹ˮϢԵַǷ
֡ǿϫһ˸ǰڱһˬʴЦٺүͷڣۣʩʩȻӭ˳


354 
׺ӭ
ųϫһ˵ĳ֣ڵĽ̸ʱʧĿⶼ볯ǰȥĿϷʣоɻ󣬲һ㡣
һˣ񾲣ǣȣԸУ̱ǣ䡣λȻͬŮӣ˿ȴһߣ벻Ŀѡ
˵׼һĻʱһⷭӿҺǵԼݣһ˲ͻָЦųϫ˵֣㲻ýشΨһһʤǳɹӺ¥Ľɱжд˺¥ǧĴɱ¼ҲС
˵⣬֮Ц죬أ
ˣɰۣţһǳߺЦԵĶţ崺硣΢°ͱԿҲһΪԸˣֻԸصıȽˡ
ԣλ족ͷȷȡ˳ɾͣȺǴҲȻŹԣ¡
̾ȴǲ̲һ˿΢ķζ
λˡϫЦϲ񵭳Կóڷܣвʲôǳμ棬ѿ׶ѣЩǷĸ档
֣Ҹһ¡һָԱߵ죺λ׳һš죡Ϊ˵ãȴ͵ĺܣһǱޣȥһЩ˼յĥ£ҲΪȺǴᣬŸϻ׳ǡ
죿ϫ룬û˵ˡ
׳Ϻͽһһ֮Ĵ壬崫п׷ݵĹʱڣȻΪ͵ϾһʵΪȺǴǰһֻǱعƣϾ̫͵ˣ˭Ҳ׼ʵ
ϴһö˵ϫûͷ֪磬һǶһʶ
ϫٸһλҲҪμӴ˴ȺǴġָָһһۣ꣬Ӣƥ٬λҲһλѵһණණʵ˵ò˵ԭķͨ黭֪²˶Ůӵķģ
ϫͬδŹ磬ʶ˵ȷǷԣŪµĸ֣Ը٬ţʵв죬ҲƵͬ˵ĸˡ
֡ණɨһ۳ϫЦЦ
֡ϫ˹֣ΪϲණŮ٬
ߣǶ¡ණ㲻ٺѣųϫһ˽ϯ;ˮ㼴صϡ
һζȡһƼˮƵİڸϣʮɴ輧һ裬޷裬ȣһЦһ򭣬̬ɣӮȲʣԵú֡
ϫԴȴ⣬ע⵽лŶʮˣŮλ̬òޱȣ׳ǸҵĹӵˣûнܣҲöʡ
ֹǳϫ硢ȡŮҲеˡ
ںӦǶûˣʱյһ˽ʱһЦŮɫںջˮ𣬴ʱЦٻ⣬ǵø˷׷ײĿѡ
Եù࣬ԸеʱСèƵģڳϫԣϫľƱˣͰæƣ죬һ֪ǵһô̳ϫԾˡ
Ůӣͬ˻ŴһĿעӣӵĳϫ˵жǶ޲ðһ˻Ĩû취ֱ̫ۣаհ
ལ
ڳϫණһоƣ壬ھ£ϫʱӵұԼεӰֻΪƽ⡣
ߣشʤжĸָͲмڲμӽشᣡһϽñѣ˶ˣֱϹ۾
ණƲϫ
ԭн紳꣬ȳϫҪˣ˴ҲҪȺǴչ¶â£
ϫֻһȽ˵ļһˣΪԶԶ޷Լ
ƫƫһһȴӵұЩ˻һĸԸӣβʣ
ֲٺү˳أǵŮӣҶȾָһϽñʸӵУ
ණǺƾƣȴš
Ƭ̺һգƽʧĸ輧ҡϸ֫ȥѵðࡣ
֮ϵƳһ۳ϫһﱻλŮǹ°Χ£ţѻõļţȻһЦණʹһɫ
ණᣬʵҲѰ಻סˣɿϴڵ̸ʱֱĿԼϣڵλЩ辫ʹ龫ʣȴˣҿҺͳϫѱдһΪΣ
ãųϫ֮ڴʱĿķɣٺòˣڵ˶ǺȻкá
һЦĿͶ˳ϫ
ϫȴһһôͻȻҪԼԣĿһɨΧˣĬһģжʱףֻһжָʹƾණݣ׺š
ųϫʵ˵ãȡñشΨһһʤǴӺ¥ĴɱждҲ̲ס͡
ණվӣ裬սʮ㣬˵ȻպͳϫѽֻǱд裬㵽ΪֹԾУȫ䣬˺ϫΣ
ʱ򣬴Ŀⶼ£ڳϫϣδ𸴡
жΪãһﲻͱ˱ԣȴƫƫָҪͳϫ֣ԤıҪóϫڳ
ֻΪ˷ܣһ·˵ϫ˵ãվδһʱд˻ᣬҲʶʶϫʵж
ˡϫҡҡͷȻܾ
ණһû뵽ϫܾ˸ɴ䣬϶һֻͽǿиɣԾûʵûսʤԼΪĿ֮±棬ԲŻܾԼս
ֻд轻ѣϫǲеɨҵˣණü¥Ĵɱܿȴҽֵûô
ϫһƣһЦǸֻսݡһսȺǴҲ١
ණгЦѣһװĻ֣ηҪ˵棬󲻿ɣ
ٵһЦ˵ĪǡϫѺˣҿ𣿡ǴŨŨм֮ɫ
ϫüѣһô˵ͱˣѵǷ飿


355 ͽ
ණȷǷ飡
ϫԭž޲ģҲסӿһɳ嶯Ҫݺݳһһ٣˼Ƭ֮ǿסˣŰһСû˼
ӦսĵûУһ￴ʵ
˭˵أ˵
ɨˣɨˣ
˼ϫٳٲӦսҡͷѣɻ󡢼ЦáЩŮӿϫĿǳģоһпãҲ̫ˣһ㶼ˡ
ϫѲ˵ǾǳˣһЩʱҲٵģ档ණˣЦѣϵĲмŨ
ˣʿɶֹ㿪ֹ
һ磬ڶͬǰΪľǵ˵棬ݺݴѹһ³ϫƣǰ˵ϫûӦսǿ˵ķӦ֪ĿѾﵽˡ
ߣֻдѣֲ˼ϫҲ̫ˡΪ˭׺˭ܽ𣿡ණһ־׷ʹһҪϫĵ׵ģ
ȶŭѣϫһٶãһﲻʶôűԼ˿ˣŮһ˵ЩʲôȴϫֹˣһιķѣƽϾ̧̫ˡ
ˣණЦ⣬һ˵Ҳ޼ɵʲôشΨһһʤҿĶֶ̫ˣֵһɹ
üоණЩˡֻѹϫ棬ɲԸʹ˸ϫĻֻһԼĿǾԲҪġ
Ŷ˵̫ҪȺдд裿ԲʱͻȻһӭ⴫
ֻһͷϼڣ̤ѥòõֻ̤գۼ䣬ͳڴ֮У磬䶢ණ
ϼڡ飡
ڳ˽ϳݣһ̸ֹͣɫȻû뵽μӾ硣ƤҲסһⳡֲٰ죬ʼտû顣
һôˣϫҲ΢΢һ
ϼ׳Ǹ˵ϼں׺һֱԸҲ֪ͻȻǰʲô⡣ƿϫɻ󣬷ɿ촫
ϫȻҲܺ棬Ե޹ʵ
ȴǲĿ⣬䶢ණޱ²ţڽشϰ˳ϫУ֪°ܽʸд裿
ණпһɫĵ֮ɫʲȡ֮أŲȴɵȻ߲ơ
ܻسϲгϫʱ㲻Լ䣬Գϫ˽⣬ȴʵޱȣΪͷڱԼ֮ϡ
һˣ˳ϫУԼղȴòϫ⡭ֱԼڿԼ
һ˲䣬ණеĵŲɡ
Ȼ˵Ҿ͵ĬϽдˡණɣ鲻ü˵
һ֣ЦŴϫһﵹҲȤ֮֮Ӱ㱨һ𡣡
ϫЦЦȴǲ˵
ණɫòƵƳһ㡣
ˣд֮ĪҪᣬִݹ٣Ϊãɱɱδʧˡɿڵ
ҡͷⲻǴɱɱдѣֲ˼Īûӽд裿ǿɾ̫ʧˡ
ȻˣִӦǣдѣ˼ģǾӦġɫһȴǲȰ裬ȴǺ͸ֵĻ쵰
ණĵ͹ȣ֪һսڱУͲֹԼ⣬ܻŭٺүԼպ׳Ǿ֮ˡ
䣡
ණҲǸݽɫһսܿ׵ԪĶ˶ʱս״̬
е㵨ǣְɡ鵭
ˣණһȣ̧һץХǿצ˺մ籬
һץ֮£ӿХƺˡ
ȻһּΪĵƷѧѿצ
ѧᲢã£ŤתǬµණԲǿԪȻצںϸᣬͿѿգˮ޿ײ롣
ͬʱһڰ׹֣һӿ£סһЩζǶֵƿؼΪܴﵽĵز
ȻȴУණҲǲҵ
ԴȴǿҲһȭҳ
һȭƽ棬ڻʱͱˣɢ޴գư磬һǰ
һɲǣƻһΰɽƼ޿ɿ⣡
飡
һȭֱƺڰ׹ƲѶԷצҲôѣȭһڶԷϣֱӰණ˳ȥݺײʮǽϣѪأǱ
ֻһȭͷֳʤ
˿ŸղŻһණȴһȭÿѪǱأصһ
ΪͷƤǣ黹ǳϫ°ܽһȭණǳϫֵĻһָͷණ
һ룬ϫԵøĪ
ãһıչؿУֵʵٰͻȻ̾˻֣˵ණ뿪ˣٲ뿪Ǿ̫ˡ
ʵ̫ˡҡҡͷԴǼ価ǲм
ɫһͣȻණ£ĵ֣ĸʱ˵ʵкܲŽй¡
ҪҪҺ棿һԵü
ˣ˴ξ籾Ϊ˺ݺݴѹһ³ϫ磬飬ϼڣڴ˴󶯸ɸꡣҡͷܾ
ȻһЦٶʣݣ㡢ЩҲǶԵȵģȫûҪڡ֮˵ֻΪѵһֶѡ
鲢ûע⵽Щ˴ǰ׺Ŀĺܼ򵥡
ϴڽشϰܸϫص֮Ǳֻ֮̿ųһЩָ㣬ʵڶ̶ʱͻͽԾѾսʤϫİգųϫڴˣ̲ס͸ˣҪϫдһ
һȭսʤණ֮㾶ֱϫڵİǰ˵Ǹ۵ļһѾˣҲдһϴΰУҿǲĺܰ
ϫһ׺Ϊٴһս
ͷ
ڵʱҲŪĿģ׷¶˷֮ɫ
һۣеͬʱҲ˷ܲѣ֣֮ܽݺݴѹϫһǾٺòˡ
Ҳ¶֮ɫ񡭡ϫһӳһ˭ϵҫ۹⻷
̳˳ϫ䣬¶һ˿ΣȲϽӦۼʶһʵòã
һɽѩƵľŮӣʱȴһεԼ˵ʵӾϵͦóϫģ֮һѾͷòսɣôս˸Ȥ
֣ͽ̣ȴɫһ࣬˵


356 һָ֮
ϫ̾˿濴飬˵ȺǴд費𣿡
ҡͷУҳ˶ܰ˶ߣ
ԣҲǷ׷׵ͷѣͲüʶʶϫʵء
ϫƬ̣ͻȻ˵ղһȭ̺ɽ֮ƣͨеӦÿҪ׵СɵزˡʽͣƴϵȷǴݿ࣬޼᲻ݡȴǺ
һ㶣һͷ̸۵
ǿɾ̫ˣ
˺ܲ뿴ϫ浶ǹһܶô
Ҳɻ󣬵ʵк
ϫɨһˣٶ˵ֱվӣʳָᳯŵȥ
ڿˣ
ıԹݵ˶Ǿһ۾һգգȥΨִκϸڡȻʧǣϫֻһָûаӿԪûѤöĿĵ⣬ֻͨͨһָƽƽ֮
һָǶҲδǲм֣ڵȴ֮˴˿ֵ״̬һ㶼ǽҪսӡ
һʲôͬһͷˮɻѡ
ҿʹͨãװŪˣȻЦ͸һ˿м
ȴǲôΪ˵κһˣֻ¶ĿЩСϷϫ鶼ɵѧһЩƭȥװŪ
ѵл鲻ɣ
üѡ
硢ȡŮϫҲͬûȻжһƬãȻ
ֻܺ˲һ
ųϫһָ̽ͻȻоԼ׹޵Ԩܺ޽֮콵޿ɶ㣬޿ӡ
˷ӿѹᵽһɱϢѹ£Ժз˼κѧȻǣԼȫҲһаʽܹԼΣ֣
ͷ·赭дһָѾҰ˼ççǬȫַĵУ亹ʪͫȻţҪϢ
ʲôѧ
кȻеĶ־šҪ߽⣬飡
û뵽ӽشŹȥһʱ䣬ϫʵȴѾɳ˿µĵزֻһָԼľо
£
һĳɳٶ̫ˣֱһ
˼飬ѴһֱıԵҪסʱΧһѹʱʧ
ҲʱϫջԼָ
ôȥܵĳѹĵĽͶ־˵ĻԼһָͳһħϣƳˣպ޽Ŀܡ
˶ȻؿһĻǲĸܣԸоϫĪһָջֵһ
Ҳ۾֮ϢܲɫӲɫ㱣ԼԿһˮգǱˮʪĺۼƸղһ˲䣬еΪɲһ
һ㱼ȴֽٺĸо·ղŵһжֻԼеĻôʵʪĸоʱѹŷ֣Լ¶亹ʪմˮ̳һ
Ѿ˲Щ̧ͷųϫɫӣȴ֮˵л顣
ϫЦЦдѣĪҪУֻ²С
ͷпһȺǴϣȻгֵһϯ֮أߵԶѾܴȵˡ
˵գȻˣת㼴뿪֮ǰ˵˶˶ȥ֮ҲǸõŵµ
ôˣ
ôˣ
Ź֣̫Źˣ
䣬˸еԾָ֮࣬оܻû취ǵʵͲܿŵϫһָ۵Ŀɱ
ιղ㶼Щʲô̲סк棬Сʵ
ղŲȫ𣿡ϫžƺԼһƣ׺صƣңֱķΣζȴһζʹ졣
ؿƿĳϫ̲ס˸ۣĹŤͷȥأ˰Сһɪֱɶ͸ˣ
ʵֹ棬ڳ˺γ棿
Ҳֻܰݺӣóʵ⣬ֱʳ˿ڣǾֱӳԼʵ̫ˣ˭ԸԽݣ˭Ὺѯ
ʵ˵ãҲдһ˵ʵĳָ֪ղһָкǹŪأ̺ž춯֮
ʱ쳤̤Է裬ǣǺЦԵΪѡ
ϫоƱվӣ̾ϢⳡҲٴˣ뿪Ϊá
һ㶣û뵽ϫ;˳˵߾ߣսһӶ
ֺαļҲ٣˵ʱͻȻֱӶ֣һӱֳ̧ϫץȥ
ԣ𵴣Ŀ׷ɢΰ
͵Ϯ
Ȼ㣬Ѿʾһдƺƴ͵Ϯ֮ӣֻȷֶѡ
ˣ硢ȡŮһϾ˵־Ͷ֣̫ͻȻˣ⧲
ǲײĲᣡ
˵ʹϫҲһգ²ٿ۹ĵַ˳ȥ
ž
˿ȴһ޴ֱӭϣɽѹŵŵ
úãʹ죡Ҹոֻ̽ҵʵһЦսӿ裬ƣʱһȲʡ
̶ͷ˰Ǹ˰СƵû취˲ŲòӦսģŮ˶ī
ϫɫƽȻʹϣҲʹ
ৣ
䣬Ӱʧԭء
ÿ죡
һȻûв׽ϫӰȴǲҵԪǣΪƣպݺȥ
顭
ò˵ʵȷǿΰ˼ָأÿһƴ֮ҵնݳһ͸ӡ
Щݵ͸ӡڣһ̮ήջǵĽζ̺˼Ϊ񱩵Ļе⡣
ҵġϼơȷ˵ãӡɢ¶һصĺֻⲿƷѧľ裬ִңҲòȱâٻᣬŻ
ϣ㰵ͷе㾪ʩչֶΣһĻȴ͵۾
ΪҰУ͵ؿϫӰɴӰһ㣬ٿȻ챳ֳ̽߼ץȥ
һ֮ǰΪ³ϫʹõʽ˿ȴϫ֮֮


357 ڤ粻
Ȼһ
ϫһץƽ棬ȴ֮֮սʱһˣϾղȻ֣ϫԵУС
ھУ˸ֽȻͬϫƵȻһˣͻȻһֳ֣ʵȴһ
ٳϫһץʱֻӿ򵥵һץȴ·ֵ̺⣬ǬߵԼȻһܵĸо
ˣ
ȻһĨ۽⣬תϼɢ۳һף
Ȼһؽ׼Ʒס
ϫĿһצΪƣһĶ£Ҳ
飡
⻪Ĵը
˺ٴһһףΪɴʦƶɣϱ߷أоžŰʮһܹ֮࣬ͬ׵˵߳˵Ƿˡ
Ȼϫһ֮˵룬ʣԾѪڣңָöֲޱ׷ֻԼļι˲ͱ˰ɣ
ս֮Ҳ룬һһԡoһֳ죬һĦأӳӡ
޳һ飬ٵأȼ˻ģ
һ̵죬뷢֮䣬˷ǧӡǧգϫȥ
һﻹǲİ
ϫаһ̾ղʩչһϵıףһնΪϧԷƺ飬ɾѣڤ粻顣
źǣֻд裬ս޷ʤ
ʱ˿Ҳݳϫ룬ָΪױӿˮ糱硢סˮֵӿԪʱڣʱ糤ӱϢȫһָ֮䡣
ϫͬӭͷϣӰ磬ûһӰշˮֵ⣬սһ
ΪصĺĵӣʵҲΪͳϫȣȴҪ࣬кüγϫ飬ûȡ
ȴǺ飬أô򣬺֮ǰѷȿԡóϫҲüѣ²ãʽ
ܵɱˣǿԸԷһЩ˺ǿԵġ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѽֲٴΣӰ磬˿Ŀѣ֮ʣӰ㼴ֿ
ϫУ
ͷɢѣ¶ƤϡԿһĿѪۣǱ֮
⻹ǳϫˣԼһЩЩѪ۾Ϳܸ޷ϵش
˼ˣֱĿɿڴ񳹵ɵһ
֮ǰȻԼµϫʵǿ󣬵ǵλϵľţڳϫ¶ΪģǸеһͷƤ顣
˰СԭһڼʶϫʵеѾ޷ݡ
Ҳ֮ʵ൱ֲֲٵĲΣ𾪵ľϫɻ죬ҲɻԼ
е޷ʵΪ׺ܵĶŵȵĴУ·ȱһġ
ԭΪƾԼʵȺǴϴչȭţչ¶ˣȻϫĳ֣ʱʶԼ֮ǰǲеСӢˣ
ҲսͻȻһŭĴ𵴴ڳеˡ
ֻѪ۵ٴβܲ˵س֣ͷɢϢŰѶɱ֮ǰ˵ǰֻдѡ
ˣ
ȳϫ֣һȣǰȳдѣ˾ͰˣѵҪѪ
ҲΪҲĶ֣ȻһЦưڳϫУܵ˼
ϫˣҡҡͷ˿ѣ棬ʵȴΪխУܲʧܣע·߲Զ
ˣ°ɡԲݾܾĿ˵˿¶ëҲüѣΪѣҲٶ˵ʲôֻϣϢָܻ֮
ϫûٶⳡϽӶıΪᷳ뿪鷳֮Ϊ
Ȼٰνˮһգԭѹһ³ϫ棬Ѿʵ֣ϫҲûˡ
ϫһߣ硢ȺҲͣ뿪ģǹһ㣬ôһ̾Ϣѡ
ⳡ׳ڶһٰ׺ӭľ磬Ļ
в˶֪죬ϵһбؽ׳ǣϫֻ֮Ҳһҹ׳ʿ֪
˭޷赲һеķҲ޷ֹЩϢй¶ȥǰڳ˶ɱڣ
ڳϫһ뿪ûã׺һֺϵĴУʱһλꡢһλߺһλˡ
ĸߴ󣬺ڷ¡أ׵֮УݣҴܣֳһơ
ߴüĿͷ֮ȽȽһֻԲ޴ĺ󣬷ͨĴţɢļµϢ
˷ˮޣ֬⻬ˮں޷ɢ£ȣȻһ࣬ƾѷɫˡ
ˣȻ׳֮׺¥ɽ챦¥صˮˣ


358 
СһȷƵϾžޣڱһУԳƵǶţѾԺ¡һ֮
»ֺĴУ׺ǻϵ¡¡صף֪ΪΣ
ɽˬһЦп˵Һ¥Ķλͳ켶̿ͣɶɥУʵֻ»ڡ
˵ͷȷһָܹ֮ɱԪȫڷ֮䣬©ֶֻһЩʿҲ첻΢֪ƾһָȺǴϣ԰š
˵⣬Ǹϲɸһ˿ԳǺʼնûиСӵʵжǿŪɳ׾ȡ衣
ٺүҲʢˣ˴ۣպҲһ¡Ͼ˭ʱûΪŮԴ׹ɽЦ˵
һЦȴǲٶ˵ǰĿˮˡ֮ڴˣΪλģµŮˡ
˵ˮн缫ͷ¶棬飬Ǻ¥ɽȴС
ԭܼ򵥣ŮǵΨһһãѪͳݡһ˼£һŮˣ˭һ˿С֮ģ
ɽͬҲĿ⿴ˮˣΪϴˮ˵Ȱ⣬ſž޴ѹȻȻֹ˶ԳϫĴɱж
񻹺ɻСӾʲôȻˮԼŹϫһ
Ҫ֪ɱϫź¥߲ѹͬʱʸǿߣòһĴ𸴣ʵڲ롣
λҲеסˡˮ΢΢һЦõΣȺǴһ¾ͽʼҲ˸ùʱˡ
ʹɽԣɫԱ
ϫϽ̳ǳһ壬ֻһС壬ͨͨκֵעĵطΪϫĸףСȴòͬȻʱֻ³һ峤Ҳ֪ԼϱݾȻҼһֶ𾪵ĲѣΨֵ˳¼ҡ
ˮ˷תдһ˿ķεĶشԣ»ֺĴлصš
ʶеĲ𾪣
ʹɽһۣԿ˴е𺳣ɫˮ˵ǳϫĸ׵ݿɾֲ̫ˣѳǵ
ûע⵽˵𾪣ˮ˼˵ҲΪϫĸףһ⵽֮Ҵ޼һٵһģĸױˡ
⣬̲סɻ󣬿ڵˣѲĸڵļ壬ͬһλ£Ժ޳֣˳ϣ
ɽҲü˵ҲҲӦˣϾһ̫СֻԶԶ޷ͳϫĸױļᲢۣλݶɱ硣νŲԣˡ
ˮҡͷҲϾϫĸڵǵȼ壬ȻһֻȻڷ飬ҵܹȵġ
֮࣬棺֪ܷ֪Ǹ徿ǺηʥԵ˿ֲ
ɽҲͷǰĪеǿڣ
򣿡ˮҡҡͷЦǿ֪Ͼ׼ң
˽ԵͷϾ׼Ȼ˵һһǰݷö˰׼ҵĴţɴ˾֪׼ҵȨˡ
ˮ˸пϾ׼Һǿ󣬵ϫĸڵļһȣȴҲֵһɹһϣһڵ£޷Ტۡ
ʹɽһ㶣ױ𺳵ˡУϾ׼ѾֻĴˣȻԶԶ޷ͳϫĸڵļȣֱһ񻰣ǲ㶼ԼĶ䣡
⡭һ尡ʵʱȻһȨ죬һŭ˷ĺү汦һҲֲʵˮй¶ʵЩˡ
ˮ˳Ĭã³֣𡣡

ʹɽɫȻǰδţԺеļУҲйϵİϢ
һ˵֮УҲ˵֪ڵġˮ˵
ѵ磿ʹɽһҲ֪֮󣬺ƺС磬Լڵĵطֻڶеһѡ
ˮҡҡͷû˵ָָֻ֣Ϸ
˻
ʹɽһ֮ǰԼѲµһ֣ȴţǴʱõˮ˵֤ʵ˶ʱ׻Դˡ
ɽ磡
ϾȻɽ統еһ壡
ʹɽһڣȴԾ޷ų𺳡
ʿ޲Ϊɣң֮䣬ͬ٣ϲ֮
ÿʿߵĿֵ꣬øһȥȻʵ̫ˣ˵ɣһʿ·;Уɵʧ֮䣬޷һ˿ϣ
ʹɽҲɵ;Удʱ֪ϫĸ׾ɽһ壬𺳣ȷ޷ˡ
ȻֻһֵĲ²⣬Ƿʵ޷ȷ
ˮɨһˣ˵ңһ֣ѡʵϾ·ڳΪ֮ǰɽһ彻ã۸κδ۶ֵõġ
ʹɽʱһУʺˮ˶翪ʼˣΪľٵɽ֮ʱΪ¼ҹˡϫӣͳҪһöӡ
ϫӱϾǳˣһǲϽϣϣǷЩˣü
ˮЦ󣬲һЩۣյջʵ˺޲ɱϫԾ󻼣̳ϼ塢Ԩϼ壬Լڵս
ȴôΪϫϱϾһѪҪɱףɱ֮Ҫٵĺȴ˭еġ
ҲΪγϫĥѵԭ䲻ɱϫȴֲòĳЩ˵ָʹֻöһЩСĥϫˣͼϫĥԼԼһ˭Ҳܶ˵ʲô
ĳЩˣȻѵ˵ϣ
ˮ˴߷һ˿̾ϢЩͬϣǵһһˡ
ɽһֱڳĬԺвľϢԣҲ̲ס̾Ϣ̫ˣֻ֮ɣϫĸһЩһһϫڷ϶УţǴ۸֮
ˮһЦվӣ˵ˣ˵ҶѾ˵ˣʱҲȥһǸСһˣǡ
˵գȻ뿪


359 ȵ
ҹ׳챦¥
׺뿪֮󣬳ϫ챦¥ͬеĻ̺ȡ
ǴʦֳɵŮص챦¥͵ڻص˼ңҲ챦¥еˡ
ݳϫ֪ȳϼ壬׳һΪͨС壬ҹңȴԼ챦¥ϫԼܲµЩʲôȴҲ˵ơ
Ȼ˵ʲôϫȰס£Ů㼴뿪
ҹղֲμһľ磬ϫҲоЩƣˣϴ˸ˮϢȴ֮á
ˮˡ
λ޶ˣµ˵ãϫȣ᰺챦¥ʱ֪ȺǴ֮ǰȻˮ˼һ棬ֻˡ
ϸλʵܶæ᰺ʮ׼ƷڷҶʱίԼһЩС鷳ϵϽ챦ˮ
ЩСٳɶ࣬ͲòԴϫȻȻҲ֪ˮ˽ӽԼȻ󣬵ȴüƽôֻ࣬ҪԷ˺Լ˼ˡ
ˮ˴˴ǰͳϫ̸˲һʱ䣬·ûʲôĿԣֻģûñ㼴Ȼ뿪
١
ϫϥڴϣ˼á
ˮûб⣬̸֮ͨ㲻ѷ֣һֱһϸжӽԼԼȴԼΪõ˼
ʼգֻԼһ⣬˶ѡ
ΣԼܹ黹Ƿһݶ顣Ҫİɣϫҡҡͷٶ롣
һ磬՝
ϫϴ֮󣬱㼴߳䡣
ҹص챦¥ʱ˵ձǰǡϾȺǴһ¾ͽʼϵΪá
߳ţϫͿ硢ȡѾˡ
ȺǴᣬнһǿߣνǸƼʢǰⳡʢ²ߣǰǣΪľһһǿߵķɡŮȻҲⳡʢ¡
ǰȴѳϫеһߣȴ뿪׳ǰؼȡĸ׵ĹǻңԲͬˡ
ϫһЦȡǻ𣬵鲻˶ʱ䣬ͬһһˣҲ١
̾ϢҲôģȵЩ⡣
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ȳûãĸ򲡶աŮãΪһõŮ⣬ǷŮˡ
ټȵĸֻһѾߣ˼۵У⵽ЩƼӵǵų⣬Ϊ֣Щū͸򣬻Ȼûе֮Ů
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360 Ƽ
ȵĸֻһѾߣ֮λûйƼҵõУֻ̳װŹǻңƼҺһСԺڵӲݴ±ߡ
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ƿգƥâת䣬ֳǮĵѧ

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һжֻǵʯ䷢飬˻δӦΪƼһԺǮѾܣʲ
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ЩƼܵʹ࣬Ѱ˸޷õҲǱһجξѣʺħһ㣬尾ģ˿ȻõһЩͷţԶԶ
ৣ
䵶ӿգ羪է𡣵Ѿı۾
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꣬͸¶̹ǵĳޣԼԼһ˿ʹࡣĸףҲΪˣСô衢ĥѡ
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ףɱ澣ô꣬ȴһֻ֪Ϊ壬ֱʮ⣬񼫣
ЩƼŮ׷׿ڣҪء
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ЦˣЦԽԽЦĪЦȴûκ˵ĸоɬ޸顣
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ЦᶼֻǰһĻǰЦ֮Цݣ죬һһٵΪҳţʲôʸô
Ÿʲôȥ£ȻһЦԸ֮ˣʼȫȵʡ


361 ˶϶Թ
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澣Ƚɲ꣬Ժôݺʰ
ֻϳȵΪ壬һƼӵܶźǰڼƣҲֻܽ
ڶƼڵĸ֣ԷǮһĻԺɱȣϢǿɫɱһһ¶ߵΪ硣
ˣһƼӵܽ¶˷ܵϷ֮ɫ
ֻȼˣųϫǮҵȻʱڵϣǲŲһжȵֱʡ
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Щ˳һֱĬԹ۵ĳϫ֣ղһֱڹ۲ȵɫҪзֱƼҾǳǣƲо飬ź˿
ȵıֺܾȻϿֻп̹ǵĳޣ޶ҡʧ䡣
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ˣʱǸ㱻εƼҵӣ첽ӭȥЦӣƽˬҴ˰ˣúøڶ
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ĻѹĳѾõͷţٲԸƼκεǣͷҲص뿪һ־Ȼ̬ȡ
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УһҪأܸòܾҰɣ
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УҪһȥǵģ㿼Ƕ೤ʱ䶼С

Ŀͳϫһ˴ҡ뿪Ƽ¶һĬɫһһף֮
֪Ⱥ׺ٺүйϵ᲻ŮֹͨϵҿԽƼҷ󣬼׳һУϧһжˣΪܴ裬Ī⣿ڳͷЩĲҡƼҵ˰
ʧૣ֪ʱ˵ʲôˣڶѾ


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ȺǴʱԽԽڷӿ˷ۡ
Ͻԭȵأļ塢ʿԼɫɢޣ׷׳Ǹȥ
һЩССԵμʢģϾλԭ֮أ·ңԶ˵;гΣգʵֻ»δﵽǣڸΣˡ޻Ϯܽӵȵȡ
ܹʵǰǣμȺǴʿ޲԰ԾһĴҶни˴ӡ
ҰһɢޣҪĿȺǴķɣʵֻ¶Ҫڽ𵤾֮ϣܰȻִǡ
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ֻһƾѪǣΪãʱȻ۾͵ؿըףȶ
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ӣ̣ǰǽǣһչ˫ɣ⣬ϵˬʵĴЦ
һ죬诸ӣڻԶħ֮ѪΪãƹض

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ŮӵĶޱȣԾ飬ֱҹɫ٣ŴӲֱӣŲϲ߽С
ܿ죬һƴҲһſǳޱĴϣԵԲִ
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ܵû˰˰ɣҪȥμȺǴģҾ˰˵ţŮڰǰſӣϸ
Եĺϸʱƣֱ꣬Ҳûһ˿Եúܰ
ˣҲౣءҿһУͻġùͣŮվӣפǰĬãһһٵ˵
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ŮЦЦٳɣתɽ°ǰƮ裬ѾնȻʧããҹɫ֮ϡ
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363 
Ĵн磬¡ӡʸ졢ȸڵľīսաǧһҫǿߣҲ׷׳Ǹȥ
˼ççɽУһЩʵǿ֮һǿߺճ
ĿֻһμȺǴᣡ
һʱ֮䣬һ貵ǣǿߴӴ˷ϣհɡ
ϴƶ䡣
·һƬ̵ƽԭƽԭֻȴż¾ɽ壬ֱ
쬣
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ڤӥɰֻҲҲһͷѪ˴ĻĹݵĺˡ
˵һµ꣬ŨüĿִ󣬱뺷֮µĺӰȴһͷɫӥ˫һչʮɳëзŽĹһ˿˿ɫ׵˫֮䡣
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365 ʶ

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ŵ壬Ѱҳϫټһʱ䣬ʵӦõˣôڻû֣
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ˣܼռʮöƣӵҲ֪жٵӲμӡ
һϷ嶥ǰУϫһԼսƷʮöӤٶʮţؽ׷ʮӰ˵Ʒ漰һЩҩġõĵҩȵȣ޶ֵ
ֵһǣеķսбȥ࣬ĿҪ࣬ԶԶֹʮ
ڿʼֻҪɱ˾Ͳô׵ˡˣ°ɣ˴λӦȺǴΪأȷһšϫȻһ
䣡
һ𶯴ɽ·Զݹ
ɱҶƺͦ󡭡ϫһСɽ·Ϸƽȥ

ɶ񣡸˴βȺǴĵӣ˳ͳȻϤɱ⣬ֱ޷̣
ĺݺСҶ赺Ҳȫû
ҪɱСħͷֱ޷ˣ
ﲻ⣡ﲻⰡ

Уʸ졢Ī׵ˡɢˡˡüŭɶըһ㣬ô߶ڵء
˵ɫһƬ뷢ţһͷͷŭʨɾĿֲΪͷųѹնŤҪ
ǵȷѷŭ£Լҵһһر˸ɴĨɱ˭ֻҲἱŭģ֡
Ҳ̾Ϣѡ
ܹμȺǴᣬڵϴﵽһ߶ȵˣÿһǸصĺĵӣδĽӰˡ
ʡΪҲȻףһȴȫֱ֣֮ǶǸش˭ֻҲҪס
̾Ϣ̾ϢЩȴû˭ȥͬ飬ɱ֮£ҲԹóϫǸСһ˭ɱ֣ҪԸϫأһһģĪǰ
ûǰдʱĶ
ǳϫչ¶ǿʵЩǵȤ
Ƿ֣СϵǱƺһÿΪʵ˵ʱһͻᱬǿ˭²͸صʵж
ֹ벻ЩϹǵעⶼѡ
ӣܹΪȺǴϵһƥ
вԾӿһͷ
һĻǺ޲Цòرڶû취ڵպܲʴЦһǵϻ쵰׷쭣ǿɾͲˡ
ܻ˵˴ȺǴǰʮһϯ֮أипѣԳϫıڴ


376 
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ϫɽϣϢѾǧɵĸ߶ȣڲľгԶңңȥ
ԶɽϣԪӿһҵĴһսⳡսԳ˺ܾã϶֫бۣѪˮʮʬҡ
ʱҲʣΧһŮӡ
ӣһĸߴ࣬۳һ⻯һɫʵһ㣬ŲԾצƿգ񹥻Ůӡ
һһָ꣬Ϊٿһ˱ɽƵģֶ£ɭȻŮΧɱ
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ɫȹѣӵһǰ㽿ޱȵüīӣѩϸ壬ˮ⻬һȪﲨת峺ӯӯ˿ȴ̻޾ŭͷߺޡ
ŮӵʱϫԴ˵һ£һκˣͽг
Ȼᰣ
ԲϫⱲֻҲλѪħڵһ֮ԭܼ򵥣嫺ɳĮɭУΪײ֮˼֮ס
һο̹ĵļ䣬ҲǳϫһֱԸһ飬Ͼ鷢֮ǰ֮䲻޸ԣһԵˣ
ôҲμȺǴ᣿
ϫ֮ľѱЩĸսĥµüӲ֮˿ҲɲһĪҡ
֮ǰѾٴμµ׼ȴû뵽ᰣ⻹Ūˡ
ԣΪܱμӽȺǴ᣿ѵԼۻˣᰣϫ͵ȺǴĹ涨ٴγŮȥ
һʱ֣ŮΪҲֻнԲ磬ĵȴΪˣʮ֮ࡣ
ΪҪǣŮʩչѧ̧֮䣬ͷųһ͸ȼħ棬γһſͷħʮ㣬Ȼ̺ʮħڵġѪдħȭ
ϫǵã嫺ɳĮʱ᰾ֵƷѧս
ѵɳΪһ֮⣬òѧ鶼һģһô£
飡
ʱսжȻ仯۳ɷкɫһץŮϣĵʮԶ
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ˣǲᰣ˵ϫһݣ֪ʱʩȣŮֻ²
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ϫʩչǿ֮һĨݼŵ⣬սбӷȥ
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Ϊ˽ɱħŮѾʧʮͬ飬ķ˳صĴۣɱħŮԼ
ڣħŮڵֿסɥˣô˿Ϸɭĵ֮ɫ
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ת֮䣬ȴһֱս֣ʵһ˱ɽϣ̺ƥĽ֮ʱȫ֣ħŮעɱһصѪĭ
Ѫĭյ龰һ
˷̲ܵסͷһ´ǣѾħŮﷺĹ󡭡

ڴΪħŮɵʱһӰٿȻ֣гһյķɽֽһȻϤˣ
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ȻǳϫеĽڻľ֮Ʒѿ׷佣ɲɱ¾֮ƣ˿̺Ȼ֣ٵһ˱ɽҲǴ´顣
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һҲʱϫȷŮӵݣӿһĨӣæһˣ˵ڹǲһʱ䣡
ͳɫһҪŭǵӭϳϫǳɱĿʱжʱһٲҳɣŤͷߡ
ףԼվһս״̬ͼΪήңϫչֳʵҲǸеľ˼Ǿ֪뿪ǵѡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪ƾʲôգʧɽϣԵüΪŭվӣ䶢ųϫ˫Ŀֱ
ϫĬĬջؽ˵ҪϢֻµ˷嶥
᰽ҧݣ䶢Լҹ꣬żѱʧصıԵ
䣡
ͻȻ̧֣۳һɫ͸棬ݺݳϫĴȥƷХգþȫ
ϫüͷһŭѣŮѵôԼԼղſǾ
룬ķӦȴӰһΣܿƷ磬Ųһ̤棬һѾǰ̽־ץס
һû뵽ֻһУԼͳܣֺޣ̧쾱ųϫߵգҧгݵôɱңɱҰ
˵ԼĵˣǴʱϵƣŭԼŨĻĳޣ˹ʣϫûӿһĨ̾һȴǳٳ²˺֡
ңҲ˭˭վǱռˣʵ޷ı䣬߰ɣҴȥ嶥
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ϫ첻ԣţĬУƸͲıŮǷԼº֡
ˣҧ̧֣ۣϫͷ­ֻ룬µʱȴӿһȴҲ޷ˡ
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ЩȻлҲԺҲһհףûϫ֮ǰǧֿ̣ҪڼϫʱʬΣңú
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Ǹоƣͺú˯һɣģڣûɱ㡣ϫƽȻڶ
һ̣ûһ޷ԺģֻǶųϫʵĲ


377 
ϣϫȻ֣һһ˱ɽᰣĬС
⣬Ŀ̵ˣ̲סٴ۷׷
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ȤǳϫŮӵĹϵܹܻرŮӵǷ壬ѵ˹ϵɣ
Ƕˣʼնһ⣬Ůӵݣǿ׹Ǻźɣ˭ֶж˽⣿ҹ۲죬Ů˿õħڹһտʵǿһλħޣ
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һԷ׷壬ȻͿ¡ӡʸ졢ȼʮ˵ٷ嶥ʼơ
ڵۣ֮һƬֵγɵٲٲڷ嶥ǧɸ߿֮ϣк£ƱǴӵٲвġ
νƣһƾ֤Ʒٷ嶥ʿֻŵٲĺһöƣܼμȺǴᡣ
Ϊֵһǣֻܼǧö֮սҲȺǴĵڶ顣
һͬпޱȡ
Ϊ˴βμȺǴһʿܼˣȺǴ㷨ܹٵ֮۵ģҲᳬˡ
ȥǧöƣ侺֮ңȫͿԤõ
ԳϫʵᵽһöӦûʲô⣬ŮӣʵȻܵƣһʲô״üͷһ壬ȴҲ˵ȥˡ
ŮҲһٺ˼룬׷װĿͶϫ

ǧɡ
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ɡ

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ֻһˣûԼĻſڳϫıϣҲ˼⡣
Ѿȥ˼ȥԸϫΪıûҶãȻΪ˷ɢע˼ڳϫʵϡ
һ·ϣһֱڹ۲ϫ۲ϢɽʱٶȡԼֱ仯
ΪͨЩ΢Сϸڵı仯ܹܹԼϫʵ񾿾ﵽ˺̶ֳȡ
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һȴǳĬ
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ǣ͸һ˿м˵ǴԭѪظɵӣصڵģлڵģҲ֪Ѫħһֱ̾ڻѪ֮УⷢһЩǧ֮ãЩŵȻѪħħŮ֮ˡ
ϫһ²ʼĩҲһпԹаջµĳޣҲȷֻͨսɱ
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ۣ֮ϫ᰺ԥٲУ˶ڵſЦҲ˺޵ҧгݡ
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ͳɫѿҲ֪ʦЦԴȻȴʦǵ֮ġ
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УֻҪһˮУпӰٶȣ̶ˮ֣ձɳ
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飡
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ΪҪǣϫҪһöƣҲ˵ͬһʱڣһöƣ
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䣡
Ȼһɲǣشһֲˣһ֮ƿ
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ΪŭǣһΪƻƣҪǣĹĿȻԼϵᰣݶ
ֻһˣȻ޾ֹΪᰵĹϵȴòʱȷˡ
ڹؼʱ̱˽֣ϫɱ֮ģڲϮĹʱϣߣһӿ
䣡
ܿһ޴ԪȭӡƿնݺݺٲУǧˮըһѩĭƵˮƺˡ
ϫ˲жϳһȭ̺ΪǿǻϣҲˣ
жŭʢһ֡
ಣ
һӰͬʱٲУ£ģŮӣصڵЦ㡣
ٲУҡʯϽ⣬˷ϮˮϤû˵һ˿һûӰҡ֡ԳΪɲʵ
ʦڳˣ
ǰʦѡʱνޱȣҲֻǵһ㡣
ٲƺ̨ϣͳʽ˷ܲѡ
ѣصЦ㣬ղųֻ֣Ϊ˼ħŮѣΪУҲղһ²˺˼ϣѰħŮ£ĪҪΪǣԼ
Ц٩٩̸ʣԵΪ׿
᰷һϫңԸⱰСˣ˲͵Ϯ֣˴ԲѣʵǸɱ
ϫ촽ҡͷ㰲ĴұϾˣֻǷַӵ飬鷳
ЦɫȻñĿ⺬ɷ̾ϢѾħŮȻ󣬳ߵһͷӥȮʵǿɱһᣬħŮһж̣򣬽Ҿնħ·
ϫ߷һ˿⣬УңָЦ㣬жս
᰿Ļûһ˿޷ļû뵽ϫΪԼ˾κΪС
ָоеİָеһĪϲĵԳϫۻĳޣ֪Ѿɢࡣ
˼ſڳϫıϣӿһ˿ûй̤ʵů֮СֻҪгϫڣҲ˸еη塣
˿̣ЦͳϫңңţҲӦӿ֮ɫкϷˣǵٲзһսǸǺεײеһ飿
ڵڶʿע⵽һĻҲ׷װĿͶ˹ȥϢΨִκϸڡ
쵰֮Σ͵Ϯ֣ڵһʿôһһ޳ܣѵûһںͷˣ
硢Ϫȡ̵ŮȴǺ޵һҧݣԲĿкζЦޡ
ڣһڵҲٽ̸ĿͶۣ֮ǵĿٲжԾȺǴϿǴû顣
οԾһгϫȻеĹע˺޲һܴ̾չȭţ֡
֮һɽٲڵսĿ


380 һ
ַӽԼ
һﻹǹŵġ
Ц㴽ǲݺݳ鴤һ£ֱӵĸоŭӿٲǰŭ֡
飡飡飡
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Сģ˷ˣصڵĵƷѧߴ᰷ɿѡ
ѪħںصشڵӵʵҲΪ˽⣬֪ЦӵŶôǿʵ
䣡һЦ̤գһȭ˹ȭڣûӰһְһֿҰһҪһȭѳϫɳٲ
˵һЦչֳһױȵĺţԵţҪԲ赲֮ƽһԼɱ
һжԳϫԣȴ첻κѹֵЦ㻹Ҫǿƣ̧־һն׺ݾ׼һһִķ磬ֱӻЦȭͷϡ
˻Ц㵱ʹõһ
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ϫˣǰȥнȫʩչؽ䡷˴ƣӰأ׷Ц׷ʹһϾɱģ֮ǰЦ㻹Ҫţ
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һӰһ֣ЦȻǣɱƣµļ¡һƵĲϡ
ǵƷѧߴһּ˹ͷΪһǿѧصڵڴ֮һ
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Щɸֵˮ۳ɹΣҪϫû
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½Ԫӣ죬ɫŤУӰػһڴӣԱڣƣ졣

ϫ͵һնǿߴϣһ죬ʮϰ
ķϫе㾪ȣԷ۵ĵƷѧǵһμ

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죡
ʼնһ˰ʵжǿ
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ķ۵һ죬˷˵ϫһϴ漣ˣ
ԣǲϴ漣Ƕ벻鷢ͽ漣ˬʴЦɡ
С
һڵҲǿо̾Ȼǽɽв˳һһǿ
ǵ۹ǿƾЦʵߵȺǴǰʮҲӦû⣬ȴϫܣձ̭˶̾Ϣ
ڶЦ̾ϢϫһϹУٴΰθһأٲȻѾһƥֵصעĺ
ǿϫΪ˳۵Ļʸλ棬ʱҲòϣϫӵеʵͬеȷƵǾžޡ
ʱΪƵҪɣһŭ޴йֻ
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381 
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һƬĿռ䣬֮䣬ããޱ󣬿гӯһɹϡ嫡صϢ
Уص˻Ĺ֮ǰħݺ£𺳡
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ȺǴᣬܹؿ飬һص塢ڶضƣʿʿ֮Ľ
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һμȺǴᣬһĿģҲҪһܹлһƷѧ
зһ˿ϣ˵Ѫħڵǰ˵̲صĵƷҲħڵƾҵʣӦÿԵõһ
ƷѧκһʿԣױȵԼսܴвһֵ⣬˵ޱȡ
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һ̨ϫû֮ǰڽڼľ̳Լо֮ƺʲôϵһ
Сģǧö֮Ƭ㳡Ͼͻһᰵڶ𣺡Щһ̨Ϊģֲʱǧ߾ͻῪʼᡣԽ̨ĵԽ࣬Ϊҡ
ϫٶȼ࣬Ȼķֲѵʲôɣ
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ϫŻȻھƬ㳡Զͣʱڹ㳡ΧѾ̾ᡣУϫͿˡ
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384 ׷׳
ճ֣ӳ޾⡣
ȺǴؿ飬ǧȥһٸɹ߲ܽһֿ飬ܴӵлһƷѧһ˫á
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սӰˣһڹ⣬ֱӵ˵ԵаԾѣ˵һ幦û뵽ΪҲ˵ãâ¶ԣȻҵĽ࣡
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399 Ӱ
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ֻһܰ˽һﵽԲˣ
ؾؾȻֻһɣؾؽѾ۷УƱ֮ؾֱ֮𣬾ͺƷƷһ
̫ˣ̫˼飬ϫĽȻѾﵽֵزǧ޵Ľţ
һڵҲû뵽ᷢ˱ʣɫһ˿͡
һֱĬüǺԵԨս˿ҲƤĿбһâ
ڽ۵ʱʱ¶һ˿ݣԼʱ˵ĻɽͼУһСһʱֳĶе󡭡˵ӦǴӣ
ҲֻеؾؽŻ˶ݣԭܼ򵥣ʱҲؽʮأȴһֱؾ磬źѡ
Ԩ̲סƳһ۾֮ϣ˲ͷֲ֪ʱѾԶս¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫ
ز¶¡ӡʸһڶǿвԼͬͬһ뷨
ϫһȺǴҫ۵һƥһ·նսʤĿǰΪֹһжûʧܣעĿǣʵŶʵԶûмһ㣬ȷƵز¶
䣡
һ춯صľ죬߱ħںӿ¾ŵͳϫصؽײĻɽ緢ʢţǷ߱ħڣһɢĲǧɽˡ
һĻһĿɿڴҡҷþòѡ
㡭Ȼסˣ
̳֮ɢ̨ϣŭ֮ıȣʱ飬ЩǱɫ΢ףƺûܵ˺
棬ϫִҲ鲻ȴΣɫ֮Ǻ޲һƬĮȻƽ
ܣҵѪ¾鵶ѴﵽɵزѪǺͲںϣɱ˲֪Ѫ֮飬ҾͲ㻹ܵסйٽһУ۾죬һٴγϫɱ
һ仰û˵Ǿǣ¾һնһѾյǿһУһжκβóϫʱзҡ
ĵıǴӲһһɵġ
˿̵ȫ˷֮УԼǿһɱĳϫԼ˶ĳУ侲˿ҲͷԷˡ
䶨ˡԨ±
һԴӵĴܴ󰡣ϧ־һһ˿©עޱȵսбáһڵҲǰϧѡ
ţһûȫԸƴɱأһȴʧ˷ִ硭ŵĻᣬץס̫ϧϫüͷһ壬չ¶һĨɱ⣬ȫ
ৣ
һѤöĿĽ˲仮Ƴգ̺硢סءֵ֮壬͸ɱ¾֮͵Ľķɱ¾֮
飡
һ죬˺ҧĤѪɫֱӱһɣһѣŽѪ˸Ǳõɳȥɫ԰ףʹŤһš
쬣ϫ˲嵽ߡ
󾪣ɷŤɫӿһĨ֣Լ֮ңϧˣϫѾǰ
䣡ֵͬʱ˻ڽʣŬǰ۳һ֮
ৣ
ϫĽոһ̧Ѿֻ֣ͣǱԵĹأһ䣬ɱ˭Υ棬ʻֱӳֽɱ
ϫȴûдʹ˷Źڿս֮ǰ뵽Ӧ־棬û֮ʣϫʶһٿȻһĨεʶݺݺԷ
ҡаһ׼˵ʲôȴ͵طһĲҺͷ­ҵˣʹϫúݣ
һ̣Ȼֹ˳ʹȥ
ҿûɱ㣬ֻǿƲסʶѡϫҡҡͷҲûϵת뿪߱ħ


405 ǰ
սʿסˣ
һղҵսȻԳϫȡʤĻ
ϾǰֵôǿƺͲ赲¼Ϊ̵ӡ󣬿ǿƵ˳ϫУĳ֮ҲͿ֪
ϫƥ湻ڵģҲɵˣɹǰ壡
ĵΪǲһˣָܼʱ䡣
λûУ⵽شˣòʹ֮е;һ겻˰ɣ
ϫһսսϿնһƬȻ𾪡ϧһڵ涼棬оϫӷͬ죬ز¶
ӮˣϫӮˣķɼͨ죬໴УйղŵĽźѹ֡
ŮҲظϫĿԡ
У¡ӡʸҲԾѾѳϫΪһӵĶ֡

ϫصߣŰһɫе԰ףղΪ˽شʶ֮ȫʶпյģ쳣ܡ
ҵǣһֶԾмΪԣʱ䣬ץʱָȫԻָ
һҪһʱ䡣ϫ˵
ģڣû˴ŵ㡣˵ͷ
ϫЦЦϥ
Ȼ
ϣöֶΣսʸ̫߱ħ˫ֱʵŭȳ羪ףըأ̺ŭ⣬Ӷó
һ˲䣬ڵĻȻʧ٣ѻȸҲѹĿⶼͶŭеսľѡ
ѣͷϳΪк𣿳ϫսѾȴԾʶ֮͵ϮȻΥĿ˵𣡡
ʸ̫أȵΰظߴ󣬴˿̱ŭ֮£ӿɢ֮ϢأԶԶһͬһִĿ̫޾ѹ
ϫǺһϣӲʸ̫֮ɱѳָоںʱп
ɫȴѾƽηӭϻʸ̫Ŀ⣬ֻ֪ҪڣԼͲκΣգ»ʸ̫ٷŭҲֻܽ
ѣֲս˷ŭһֻ¾ͷϵˡ
һŽҪ䣬ȷź
˸֮ش֮޸ֻ¶պӰ죬ս˷ŭֻ²ưոˡ
ʱ˶׹ԭǳϫشս˷ŭ
£ղҲһУɱӣһʸ̫
һɣȻǶԾûΪҪɱϫ
οΥ˱򣬱ֻѳֹս˾٣ƺʧƫˡ
ֻлʸһ¶ЦȲսܳ˳ϫΪԼ˳һڶ
£֮ϣʳĬƬֻ̣³֡
󣬵ȴ̺һսͷŵĿѹһɨգϫʱоȻһɣ֪ԼĶˡ
¡ʸ̫вʵ
ҪΥ޵־ʻȻȻ˵
ʸ̫Ȼһ˽һˮظķŭһɨգٲҶ˵ʲôɨ˳ϫһۣȻ뿪Ȼıˡ
Сܿȥ
ϫ׷ģҲıȫָ

ĳʸ㣡
Ϲ̳ĵӣڲμȺǴ֮ǰ֪Ĵڣʵ֮ǿȴĿõģǱ֪
ǼʧһֵƷѧףֺһɴݵɽһΪóصĿµˡ
ʸԵȻʽ󿪴ϣ͸ңȭȭ⣬۹֮֮еһ
һóһóɱҲǲѽѷ֣ȫûԤг˶ԾĽ
գȻǻʸˣ
һĻʱʸ۾ǲԼĳӣȻһСС
̫ˣ
˵ǻʸ죬ϹҲ࣬Сӿģʵȴ⺷˷ָҲλϹ̳ġ
ûнǰ壬ʸ켫ΪģΪŭǣǰѧϣǱ÷֮ӲԪĴģ
ɶ񰡣쵰ֱһ򲻶ڹǣͲ֣֮ʸͷվڸױҧгݣջ֮

峡Ӷ
Ҳһս֮ȺǴǰ͵ˡ
һһλϹµӣ֮Ӧеĳˣȴ׽͸
ʹõѧͬǽȴһּΪĽʮɽɣǶ̺֮ɱ󡢸󡢷֮󡭡仯ˣ˿Ϸ죬֮
ǳϫⲿ󣬱Ȼ֣ᷢĽУ̺ͬǳ֮輫Ϊޱȡ
սǿҵϽ֮УݷǹǷ׼һֿ³̶ȡ
Ϊ诸ӣħߣʵӹɵǿһսɱҲǸҡ
ΪϽ׼ȱһ˿鶯ͱ仯ԾƳ󣬱ǰչսò䡣
Ҫ֪ڽսУԳۣ
սӻʤ
ԴˣȺǴǰѡڳ¯
ֱ¡硢ϫ㡢ӡ
Уϫһҫ۵һƥâչ¶ͷɡϹӣͬȫ෽ע
¡硢ˣµһǿߣȡ˳ɾͣҲ֮С
ҲԤϵⷢʸӰ˳ĲҰܡʸޱȵ䷽ʽȵȡ
ЩԭǼϣǰ壬ǰĴڣȴһȻ뿪ڳϧ֮࣬ҲΪ֮˵ʵ𺳡
Ҫ֪ﵽֲΣʵߵľ磬˴֮Ĳ༫֮٣ȫԺԲơǻʧˣҲ֤һ۵㣬ͬȾдڶ֮ˣǱ˴֮ҲǿһŶۡ

ޱȣ˷֮ǰһԾڰеȴЩ̡
ΪǰѾѡγһͽչǰĽ
ǰôеУһĨ
ȫԸ첻ԣȴ־ȼ
硢ҲĬС
ֻгϫУŬָʶʶ֮ȻΧѾý
ʱĳɺ˫һУƮȻһɨϫˣ˵һֱʼ˹ǩɡ


406 ˫
ȺǴĹأѡγǰѡ֮󣬾ͻһֳǩԴĶԾѡ
ĳɺ˫Уƣİһڡ
Ŀɫϣֱдżұǩ֮󣬼Ƶĳ߶ߣ
Ծѡγǰ
һɫƵģֱӽǰ
֮˰ţľǸ˵ġˡ
ΪʿǿأСˣһ֮ˣ翲ɴȣʿУȴʵʵڴڵģ޷ҲòȥԴ
һֳǩŶԾѡͰˡˡ֮˵
ǩʼǽڵڶʿһڵ棬׷״γǩĽ
ܹɱΧǰʵ֮⣬ǱҲ϶ӵд֮ʵѲ³˭ܻһɫư
ҿ£ת֮Ǵʡ˽Զ֮ϣǿɫʮ֮˾Żᱻá
ҾӲӳ诸޾УǿǵɵĶ츣أˣӦøǿһЩ
ҵǾã˵Ůӣͨռߡ֮ˮ̸󣬶İױȵƣλҲ֪ÿνм룬ɶˮ̸֮˽ֵģۼ֮ʤ統Ϊһ
ʵǸҲֺģģöи
һڵ涼㼺׷׷ԼĿȴἰϫ⿴ȥɸɿȵͲףҵǾܲ
Ϸô˵Ͻһպɨǣȱ˵ʸ㼴ϵ͸һ˿м
ɫһͣһٶ˵ȥֻ°ѳϫ꼫Ϊľ¶ˣϫûʲô𣬲Ҳա
ʸȴûʹ˷ŹһЦ㳯Χ˵ϫĹ硰̱¡ɨǡºġһ帲𡢻鱻˺١ĸ䲻ȵȡ
˵ɫùŹϫĿǳ˹죬жֹСһﵱ껹湻ùġ
ߣܹӰٰĥߵһϫʲôֵλģλܷ澳ֱ߳ȡɾͣһֱĿĬԨͻȻһ˵
ԣڶʱһĬǰԼǳϫ˾ȵĻУڵ;ﵽֳɾͣ
ֻлʸɫһȻøԨִҪϫɨܳʲôǩ
Ȼ
κĳǩȴһ˿ʡ
ϫһֱǱδѹǴʱ˵ᷢʲô⣬ʱ޷ǩ
ˣȳȡһʣˡĳɺüͷһ壬㼴һԸ
ԣԶЩͬϫˣַʽϫܹǿɫƵļʣѾ͡
˵ˣСӾһɨǣù͸ˡʸˣҡҡͷ߸һĨԴЦ
˭ȳȡĳɺʵ
δ䣬±ĳɺǰֳ̽ץȥ
ⷽгߣϼתܲγһĻܹʶ֪̽Բݳ׵Ŀܡ
ܿ죬±ץһöƣȴǰɫģϱ׭һס֡ˣ˶̲סһϧȴǺЩƣ㰲һ࣬鲨
ӡ㡢˻һۣ㼴ֿ
³һöôע˺ͳϫУһҪһսһǰʧֻ˾ӵĻߵ塣
һ̤ǰһ̽б㼴ó̲һ˲䣬ƺˡ
ȴٴڳʧӳеһɫƣѾ㣬Ͽһֲ֣¡
ȡ磬˿νùģ鵽˶ƣ˾עĶ֣Ȼɡ
ֱʱʣöƣһöеĻ־ӣһöǺɫƣֱ֮ӽ
һƺȽϲú¶սֱӽҳеļҲ֣֮Ժܻ
ΪؼǣϫʱУôֻһöƣȷĶԾѡֱӽѡ
㣬ʱڳĿĽ㡣
Ҿ˵Сӳһ࣬á
ȷһļʳкɫƣɶУϫȴֻܽյĽˡ
˵һûкɫƣôϫɾͳӮˡ
ʱ򣬾һڵҲתĿ⣬ҪһյĽ
ֳǩķʽƸץһΪʿȴǣ˵ĸߵͣɲǲĿ
鷳ǳǩ𣬺αظ˽ţҵĽϫǼһŲö͸㶨һС
ƲƲ죬ֹһ䣬ʮֲԸŲӴĳɺǰֳ̽ȥ
һɲǣ˶۾ģƺҪš
Ŀ֮£ֺƴ̽ƼһöƣɫɫȻ
Ȼǰɫ
仰˵еһöƣǴֱӽĺɫƣҲڳϫ
жʱһɻĸоϫһﶼûǩʲôʱʼʲôʱֱ֪ӽǰˣ
̫˼ˣ
˶̲ס˰оĳϫۣ𾪡


407 þ
˳ǩϫʲôûͻһֱӽĺɫƣڳ˶Ǵ۾š
֮Ȼǲɴȣ˵У˭뵽ϫʢ֮ˣһ淢һп
׷׵ͷΪȻ
ʸһȴղĴϫɨǵأϫǩûУͻ˺ɫƣ͸ڴһĶ㣬ܡ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲлָһ͵ط֣˶һ۵ĿڶԼһ˺£
һͷˮߵ磬֪֮ҲЦԷǣԼȻֱӽǰˣ
ðЦпһ䡣
ϫЦѣԼоӦø׿ŲٹϵСһؼһһޣܹ֮ˣԼմ˰׿Ĺ⣬ɫơ
ֶԾҲؼһ֡һֶԾ֮󣬽ǰѡ˽ԿԽزأѡȡһѧͨϣȽ佾꣬ĪҪи֮ϣʵȻ
ৣ
ȫʱʧ٣ĿⶼͶϣϴ
ǩѾ²˳٣ھͿʼɡۻ룬쳹أʻ˻֣ӿ޾ɫϼ⣬ֳϫϣһ˲ͽĵԪȫָ
һ¶磡
ڶӶ㣡
ĳϫֱӽǰֶԾֱ֮ӽеһڶĽ𣡡
ĳɺǩУҪжԾڣ¡˾ǰ߱ħʼԾɣ
ǡ
ºңңһۣ㼴ƮȻ߱ħȥ
һת֮һˮ̸ӣҲ֪Ƕ˵ĶԾǿ˭ֹֻǰ֮⣿
ҾµʤȽϴǹ֮ټǰɵľ鸨Ҫʤһ
ǰµȷܿ£
Ů߱ħЩڵʿϢһգգͶ˹ȥΨִκϸڡ
˶ﰡһᶼص͵ķ񣬲˿Ҳ
ϫҲǰ˼⣬˲һоһ棬ѷɫ£һֱ

߱ħڡ
¡ңңš
һֵӵĶ֣ԽսһȫԸȻ֣Ȼڡ
μȺǴһڶԾǰ˵ɴ˾֪ӳ̶ˡ
˴˱˴ˡЦЦԼࡣ
ƮȻɵʲͬ˶ԵؾɣһеȻ֮ۼʣҲǺ²£ʤ
䣡
²ٶ˵һУ޾貹âȻɢ߱ħʥƵڣƮ裬ڹУʥַϢ
絶Ϊգ޾֮Ϊ۵Уſնǵس籬ȥ
ͣͣ
Щ̺ŹâεУ·̺ʱĵķٻ֮֮ն·¯ȼڵĹ֮
絶ΪȿУɱУֻʱ£ſʼɱУϫһоһеĿ֮
ֹǳϫڳʿҲ׷׸ܵ±ˣú֮ǰκһԾһøǿ̧֮ɢֱһЩʿеľʵõŽֻǽ𵤾Ϊ
¡
չƵʱҲͬʱ֣Ӱӿգ˿裬ؾϣطһĨɱ֮ɫһӺ޸飬ԨĮȻļ¡
䣬ƶ֮ںڰ֮ڲþ
ƽĮȻ޸УͻȻ֮䣬޾ɫӿ֣ҹĻϮء
ֺɫϢ䣬ļµѹһּµĺڰһη塢ĩսٰĺڰ
¡¡
ֳζĺڰ֮һ߱ħеĹ֮һ룬ǴӰ߳ŮҪþ£
漫ΪĶǣ绯ʥ߹˺޲ַӺڰжɱϡĮȻ޸飬˴ľºѹ֡
Ůһ磬һڰҹ˿̶Ծ߱ħУǵƴ龰ֱڳ˶˺
ڰ⡪þԨȻ۾³֣оȻͶһ˿
ڰֲ֮ˮ̸ϼһｫŮ硯ֻҲϣŮպɱʱɡĳɺ˼
ȷǺڰ⣡ͬһֺĴ壬ҺƿصĹ˫һ㣬ֲ٣
ڰֺޱȵĴ壬Ȼͬʱ֣һȺǴȷʢǰžף
һڵҲ̾оǰһж漣ɺϣ⣿Ȼ˫һĺͬʱ֡
ԭȻϫ࣬˿̵磬֮ǰĶһɱƽĮһλڰеŮʣûѰƽ׽˺ؾţǿҵӾС
Ȼֻǵѧչ¶ƣ⸱ԸһλĺڰþߣϫҲоûʲôֵôС֣᰻ƿħŵء
ֲҸеһǿҵвԭ˺ڰ⣬ҲãҿĺڰҵĹʤһ
ĺڰ⣬һһĨʣ־ٴչơ
㵽ס絭Ȼشȴַɣڰ֮ƿնȥ
¡¡
Ůչ˼ҵĶԾͺڰ֮ײ֮Ļһ̣ڳ˶о춼Ҫݡ顢һ㡣
ҺǷ߱ħУʵڲ
ڰִҲǴܽͳͳգõȭУɲϫս˼С
µĹ֮Ҫʤһ
ҿĺڰսŶԡ
ϫмȡ飬˼ʱȻ
ԭɱͻأͣȻֱӷӳ̨
ͬʱҲͬʱ֣磬ЩΪβսˡ
ԭҵӣȻսģӦĳˣȥǶ˵ĶԹԡ㻹񣬺úúһսɡȻڰƮ죬Ѿ뿪߱ħ
һͻȻʲôȻŤͷԶϫǾӰϣΪȻǰεĲˣ


408 ʵĴֱ
ͻȻ;˳йս֮˶һ㶣˵˳ԭʱ˶̲סȻ
Ϊĳ˽֮ĶԹҪԾ
Ǽһ˭ʲôϵ
̫ϷˣǿȺǴǰʹ˷δ̫ϧˣ
ˣ϶ǳϫǼһӱʼһ𣬶˳Ϊ˳ǰȻϫһս
һһĻȻ쳹˵ĿҲ𽥳ϫȥ
˼ȥΪϫΪȺϵΪܣѾֱӽǰȫ绰еݡ
ɻǣϫʲôõģȻ˴Īǵ¹ϵ
ڳ֮Уֻ᰼Ϊȷ˵֮ˣȻǳϫ
ԭܼ򵥣ϫֹһε֮£һ棬µĴ֮
ϣһﲻҪԴԼȥȡµ½⣬ĻǾ̫ˡܺݺݽѵһ٣֪ûа׳ԵͣкݺֹȴǴ˿˿Ц⣬뵽˳ϫʹñ׵ģ

ڶӶ㣡ĳɺڶսĿʼʱ˵ĿӳϫŲͶս
㲻ӦΪҵίԼġϫʱѾû˼ȥעսתͷֱ磬˵
գգ۾ЦѾǰʮˣֲ̰ͼزеĹˣһҲ˶һ¡
ϫӿһĨ޷ů֪˵赭дʵĴ֮ڳκ˶ó
ݶ̫ԺôϫһеҡͷЦѡ
Цŵ٩Ҫøһƣ͵ˡ
ôУǶ飬Ǳ¡ϫҡͷһۣ˵ҽ߾ȫȥȡһΪ㣬ҲΪԼ
ףǣȴһĨЦ⹴
䣡
ʱ߱ħдһ죬ضΪ֮һ
䣡
ӾȻ˶̵ʱ䣬ͽˣϫһݣ̧ȥֻɫ԰ףڵء
棬˽˶ӱ۶

ԴˣȺǴҪǰѾѡγֱ¡ӡϫ
˴ʱȺ򵱽ʵ
Ӱڳж¶һ˿Ľ
һǶ۷弶ĴڣȡýճɾͣѾԽزѡһѧͨˡ
;ȡ˻Ի͵ĳɾͣǵҲĪ
ǰǵ֮֮ӣӵд˵ǰ;ע˶꣬ȻܳɳΪһ뢡
һڵ涼겻ѡ
ڽһֶԾ֮ǰһҪʵȻڣۻȣ쳹ʮء
޾ܹȡô˴ȺǴһߣһҪֻҪԽ޵ĵߣͳͳӦ
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ָѹȴ޼Ҳ˳ΪҪһʱʱ䣬Ŭƽģرֵ۷״̬
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˽ףһֶԾУǡġǿϾ˴֮ʵ༫٣ҿֲֶͨȻһĳֲȵĻǾˣȵĻᶼûС


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һڵ涼ĬԣǶȨ˵ʵ
Ƭ̺ԨͻȻڵʵ൱ҶΪˡཻԣϫ塢ʤֶڶࡣר壬ʤרһһսɱƴĻѧͨǿˡ
ԣĳɺһڵ԰ͷ
ֻһȡõһˡרעĬĬΣϣϫܶÿףΪһĵһˡ
ϫ϶Ӯģķսȭͷ
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ƽǼᶨ׿֣ܶӦҪӮ
Ϊ˵һǾԼκε©Ҳ飬һսǻƴУȫԸ
ּˣ겻·ˣȴ谭ҽһϰϵ䣬˵ҿҵϰһĵʯذɡ
һֱһ飬Դ԰Զк³ҲǡϫȻ˵ЩսҲ֤ҵĹ۵һֱȷĳֻֽǽһ֤һаˡ
Դ󣿡ȻʧЦҵǾһҪ񣬻ҪԴ󣬷ϻ˵ʲôֶξʩչӮˣ֤Ĺ۵ȷӮˣҲ֤վҵһʯ
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ֹ֮߱ɱ֮һһ֮䣬ܹһ˺УɱҲ꣡
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ˣ治Уֻܱˡϫһݣһ󵨾
ϫȣҲǰԾû뵽ϫʵȻǿ̶ֳȣշءͷͨһޱȵΪǳӡòСġ
Էٶ̫죬ֵ˺ҲκβöԷȥֻ»ᱻս¿ŵԼеĵϸĻӮ˳ϫһڽĶԾУҲȻᱻռȻ
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䣡
ͻȻһ٣ӿӳĵһħһ㣬ָзɿ카ա
һ˲䣬һڹġְָգɢһֻɬ䡢šҪµƣ
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410 ֮
߱ħ⡣
ÿٶȣǶӡ
ʲôȻܹγ˫ǳѭУǳңӦ˵ޱȡ
ֹ㿴ӡѭָ֮Сǳת֮ڣиֵ⣬ҵ֮以ͻͨϷ˽ǧ꣬ͷһο
ϫʩչǿ֮Ƕӡͨһڵͫһ¶֮ɫ
ﵽȾ磬һ۾ܹһͨӣԼ֣ȻϫʩչͨӡͨȴδţƻĴΪĴͨ
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һŵĹϢٿȻ߱ħУһױȵٶȳϫȥ
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ৣ
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⼫ݵʱУϫѾƵ֮ߡ
ৣ
ȫתǿ֮ǹ貣۳һǶӡ˷ǶɢĲӭȥ
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ৣ
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һλ诸һϣȺǴһǿߣȻϫĿ֮£շȻֱӻ˺ˣ
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411 ͯ
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һĻǶһ𺳵УųϫȻײ⺷̶ֳȣΪϣѹһͷȡǰ֮սĵһʤ
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ʣһսڴֻҪ£ϫܳΪȺǴᵱ֮ĵһˡ

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ʵܹߵһӵʵȳϫ˲ΪһߣϾʤһͷսУʵǾʤΨһأѧͨΪضӰ쵽ս
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ʱǶһְУѻȸЩ涼׷ױ첻ԣ´ŵϫµľĵϢ
գԵüžޱȣһַѹȸС
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棬ϫ䣬ɫƮȻˮ꣬Ȼ·һƺ֮ϵʯϲԼ
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ǵϫϬһɲǣʱ׻۾ҲŲƲ
Ϊǹ뷿УһС齣Ա߻ŶͯϷĲ˹ġСľΪҪǣһԼĪĺͯ˫°ľǰ˺ֵسϬǰ
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һͯʲôֵôСֵģʱڳ˾ҲϬڵľ󣬽ɻѣ²͸ϫΪλ𾪡
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ףСܳú󲮰һȴС褣ֻвزס飬ʲô˵ʲô
һŮˡľҲжӿһͷѵǺͯǳϫĶӣ
СһﳤÿϫԣǳϫĶӰɣ
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ͷһðʱڳ޲һһǰһжôʵĻ㱸С


412 Ϊʤ
Ϭ챦УĹЧܼ򵥣ܹѸľԼ飬˺ֵسֳ
һӵϬ֮ˣڰ֮⣬Ҳ͸濴߷飬侳һ㡣
⻬תϬеСкȻҲ˳ϫ΢΢һ۾۵С¶һĨȻ
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һĻȷеƲ⣬һʱ֮𾪵˵ˡ
ǡϫԺһƬհףСкģԼ·ͿʱԼ˵Ϥ˵С
ȻͯԼͯԼʱϵȻ֮ɫȴûɺݺһʹӿһĨ֮ϲȻɻ󡭡һʵñīݡ
ৣ
ϬȻ˵ҵĶӡ
ԣӦҵĶӣϫʱָѹ˵һ̵ΪСͯĳ֣ĵ׵ƽױơ
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ʵ˻˲̣˵ĶȻˣЩʵµһʿҲš
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ʧˣͱ˶ϣ̨ϣϫһǿ԰еĸ˵Ӯأ
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һ˵ҿԴӦսʤĻҲӦһϫ
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ʤ
ûһ̣óϫ˿ʤһжԴǸδı⣡
ΪᶨƵͷľһӱðǰδеĿʹֻһĿꡪӮⳡʤ
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414 ٴͻ
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ھŲ㣬һƬĿռ䣬ϼǧɽ١ݣ׳۹
زؾͽƬصĽУ˿Խ룬Ǵ֮֮ϵʥء
Ԩ߽ƬɾĿռУϫһ۾ͿһֺϵĽǰɢӲɣ֮·بһֱ浽ڣ޾¡
ԾʯɣֺߴƬŽɫԡϼУo㣬Ⱦһηʥ
ǻز֮أһޱȵı⣡
Ļֺ뽨ϫ¡˽ɫһ࣬Ȼһɾη֮Уڳʥһ㣬ϴ˵顣
Ԩ˵أɫҲһ˿֮ɫ
ǻʥأȻǿػƬǰʯ֮ϣһλߣһʯһ㡣
ǽλٿȻ۾˸âһɨʱóϫһеһּϢѹ
λ߾ǿɲ֮ĴǿߣϫСе
СһǴ˴ȺǴǰ߿ڣᵭһ˿ƣһ˲һͨ˰㡣
ҲϫףǿʱܵжϣΪԽǿߣһԽϢͬľʯһѹûС
ǡԨǵģƱȼʱҪ֡
ȡȺǴǰĵӶҪǿߵһ䣬㼴±۾˵ϢʱؼʧƸͲһ㡣
Ԩٴι˹㼴ųϫ˽زڡ
һ룬ϫʱǰľסȥһһŵܰɢ޾ͷһƬ麣
ǵĿ⣬ֿͨԨԸһ䣬㼴زȥ
ϫæϣһ·ϣǲ˺̺ĸֹ伮Ŀķ䡢Ʒ޲ڶУͷŸָ⣬ۻҡ
ԼĪнһʱ䣬Ѿ˻زԨͣӣָһస빣˵ڷĵƷѧͨǿѡһ֣мǣֻѡһ֣
ϫ¡Ӷ˵ͷ
ǵĿһ̱һ޾ϼİϣϱ߰ڷŵľһööɫ򣬴һƷѧͨϰٲ֮ࡣ
ݵؽ⡷
ͷ߼
ķ緵
ָΪ֡

ѡƷѧϫڷһͨ
Щͨ磬Ǻ󼶱ģһűһǿ󣬵ǶԱԼ֮ͨ󣬳ϫȴ޶Ķĸо
ãϫҡҡͷĿڵƷѧϡ
۹̫ޣΪպ󳤾ô㣬ҲѡһǱ޴󣬶Լսõߵͨѧ
Ͼﵽ־磬ԼҪʲôѡһԼûжѧȥҲֻ˷ʱѣܲ㡣
ڳϫѡʱºѾѡ˹
ѡһƷѧӰ̺һӰ֮Ӱ֮͹ศɣ໥棬ȻҲһ㣬ѡⲿѧ
ѡһͨԫоͿԿһ֮۵ܹͨŸ۷ıʡ
ڡԫ֮ۡ͡˭һЩҲֻ֪֮ˡ
ѡùԨ򲻽ͷһֱԹۣȻǡӰǡԫزѧͨҽԶΪʺƵá
ʱϫҲѡˣԨѡĹʱ΢΢һ㶣üⲿ򽣾ϰ벿Ϊ°벿ΪศɣԳһ壬ƺʺ
ϫͷ֪
Ԩˣüͷ˵˵һƷѧҿⲿƷѧֻʺΪ̤һ;ãС̤ʱıⲿʵȫѡġ
ϫ֪ԨֻԼ͵ǰûдԼⲿѧǡΪˡ
ˣԨʱȻдһ˿̾ôǣⲿƷѧһЩ̤һ;˶ԣޱȵĹĪǣҪ͸Լֶ
ϫЦЦǰɡ
ȷҪˣΪڸղţⲿ򽣾Ľ֮ԾԼǸδıĶӡ°
°ֻ󣬼Ϊʺⲿѧټϳϫϻһ̺дĵԪ˾ڼӳ°ʱ򣬾ͽ򽣾͵Ԫһ͸
һ࣬һֱȻ·һжĮģǵϫĻش֮Ҳµʲôһָ糣
Ҳ˼˿ϫֿ˿£аѵǳϫΪǸδıĶѡ
һ룬ӲԳϫһ˿壬Ҫ֪ǴΪƴһ⣬һѧ磬ԴǳϫȴΪҪѡõѧ͸Լˣǣ벻嶼ѡ
Ͼн磬ΪһĵƷѧ߱ӷĿ˳ɳȥˡ
ˣѾҴһӣͽѪأҲѡùǾٸȥ¡ԨȻ
Ѫأ
ϫ˽һҪʼô


418 
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Ԩųϫ˽Уʱһڵעӡ
£ѾѡùԿѪˡԨϫ¡Թվ
֮ϵĳѵõ΢ЦãԵƬ̣޽ΪǴ򿪻Ѫأ
һڵȻ֪£浽ʱԾɲⷺһۣ޲ҲС
Ѫأ˵ڽ֮µľУˣʿܹȡԪ֮õ˼ĺô
񣬾һοѪأѾȥǧ֮ãһ뵽̺Ԫ֮ĹϳӾͽڽտ䣬ڳ˶Ǽѡ
ܹϵҫĸԵȴǧһΣڳˣ˭ܲݣ
㣬ȥжɡʺȻ⡣

һ޵ĸߴӰٿȻڽǲ֮ϣߴΡ뿢ɽͷųһɿɲ֮ѹǽ֮飡
ţǡ
ˣѵҪѪô
ǧ֮ãѹ֮۶ɵĻѪأҪ˼ˣ
ǸߴޱȵӰʱڶʱһƬȻ˵Ŀж¶֮ɫ
֮£˫籧Ǭӿһ˲ʹޱȵķ
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ܣٿȻһҫϼ֮һ쳹춯أâհ˷
һ̣ϼգ罻֯󣬾װ𵴵ܹǲ֮£ӰХݣ𵴷ơ
ΣѪҪˣһЩϱﶼ۾ɫ廳һγµ¡
裡裡
һݣӰ۶Χ£һ޴ϵĳڿնǰ֮С
ӰԽâҫۣɢ֮棬һ֣޾η޲ùĤݡ
Щݡһ࣬Ǳɪɪڵء

ӰƵĹϳӣаĶһƬĹ½أͨڰƣɢصϢڳڣӿͬΰĽɫҺ壬ŨӲӵӣſűһɺƵ֮֮Ϣɢ֮䡣
ǻѪأصĽɫҺ壬ɵ¾лԪֵ֮޷
ΪڴŵУһԪֵһ׷ļֵˡмУ
ѪأڳˡŰһϻֺĳӣ˶ڣĿ¶޾
ʿԣûʲôܰԼıҪˣԪ֮ǱеŽ漣Ĳ칦Чû˭ֵܱЩҲ⡣

ѪѾʮˣվӣӿʮϼֳϫȺǴǰʮӡ
ৣ
ձ˺һ̣ԼϫˣѳڻѪϿա
һԣܹڻѪǱ޵ʱԽôԽ󣬶ʮ˿ҪúðմԵȫΪмǣΣĪҪ磡
Ŀһɨϫˣһ䣬㼴Ȼֵȥɣһ컯ڶܴﵽʲô̶ȣͿԼʵˡ
л£ϫԣн¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫɣӳֱ۵Ŀ֮УԪ֮ĻѪ֮С
ɷˣҲ֪ڻѪмֶ೤ʱ䡣
Ľˣûǵʵ뻯Ѫֻ˺Լ˵Ԫ֮Ϊ񱩣ѱǿΪΪֻ̣»ᱻٽ֮Σ
ҲΪԪ֮񱩰ңܹмʱԽ֤˵ĸ־ġԼΪԽʵ
Ҽഫ޾УܹڻѪмʱǿߣʱ䣬¼ܹơ
ڣ۵ǰеĻѪأԶ׷׵˶ܺ棬ϫ˾ܹмּʱ䣿
㣬ڻѪǱ޻ΣգΧȲʵ̡ϪҲ˹
Ԫ֮رԴһ֣ڶҲڶ⼶Ĵڣ֮Ѷá
챦¥ǿʶһЩŴ˵֪֮࣬ȻҲ֪Ԫ֮˵Ԫ֮Ԫ֮ľڣΪϡٺͺҲ֪ԽǿıԴԽɺԳϫǶԣԪ֮ȷҲڲСΣա
˵⣬ĿһɨˣЦ뵣ģеµڻѪΣնѣҲֻ֧Ųסȳˡ
ԭˡȵ˻ȻͬʱٴʵԪ֮ʲô޴ôô
ôкܶ࣬޷һһͣϫʮˣֻǽ𵤾磬ЩԪ֮ڳʱѰɷ֮ڵ۳֣ϾԪ֮ڣ̺żΪ˵ɷ֮
ڽ𵤾Ԫ֮Խֵ࣬ƷԽϳˣպ޷洦
ȻȺôԣ˶ЩݣͷһţԪ֮Ȼӵɶ컯ĹЧ
֣ǿ߶ԣһɱĽ׶Σӵ֣͵ΪԪ񿪱ٳһϢľֻҪֲ٣ҲԽжᣬػ


419 ԪӰ
˼壬ػ
ǿ֮ǿ󣬾Ϊӵֲ֣Ԫ಻𣬺ػûʲô
ȻҪȴףҪѼ㹻ɷ֮ɷƷʵĸߵͣͬӰ쵽ֳɹ
н磬ɷ֮ͬԶ졢ءףÿһַƷ׾Ʒ
񳣼ɷɷ͵ȵġ˽Ʒɷ
ܹﵽؽסˮ׼ɷںУнĴǿߣԵؽɷɵ֡
ܹﵽסɷù屦ˣɷֻ֮һЩն֮ĵطܼõ
ܹԡסɷ֮ߣһëǡ
Ԫ֮ǿǿڣڲ̺Ű֮ɷ֮Խ࣬ƷԽϳˣպ޷ĺôΪ˾̾ǣֻԪ֮๦Ч֮һˡ
Ҳˣ˲Ż˶ݣҪ֪Ȼڤ磬ǵʱȡȴǡؽסɷ֮ЧԶԶ޷Ԫ֮Ტۡ

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ৣ
ӰȻСһλ߹ڹŷߣƮȻߣȻ˵Ļв£ȺǴǰʮУͿˡ
ȷȺǴǰʮ֮սϫ¡ӵʮ˵ʵչֵ쾡£ֵܹʱ䣬ҲǺ
ȴҡҡͷЩţӵкʣܵڵʵһŶۡǸС㣬걻ʦΪͽʱҲ֮ͨԽԽԽ󣬾Խҫ۵šٸʱ䣬ֻȺǴϰܵľˡ
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΢΢һЦ˵Ҳȷ޿ȷǣڳϫ¡硢˵УȻܹ¼һµ漣
һ£̾ҼǵǧʮǰһһˣţڻѪڼǱʱ䣬¼ɴûܹƵġ
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Ǳ»Ϊܴµļ¼ô㷴ʵ
ɽв˳Щ÷ģվǻᷢġʲôĬãŵȻο¼ĴڣƵġ磬ƽ̫ˡ

䣡
ϫѪڣ͵һһӴѹӿһɽѹ£ݺѹ֫ٺ
ÿɲѹ
ϫһݣɫ࣬оÿһԪ֮֮أɢŹϺ֮ϢУڲ˹£ǿǶоһ͡
æתԪת׿һ㣬Լ御Ըǣʱ͸оѹࡣ
Ԫ֮ؼĹ屦ԴպʱΪѰɷ֮ˡϫп㲻ٳɣת̫춴һӶ

һ˹ΧŽԪ֮ʱ񳯳ϫӿȥ龰ֱһȺᵽѪȵ㣬óϫѾӿԪ֮ͷڡ
˻
ϫպݺһ鴤ЩԪ֮һӿڣͻһɫޱȣҼһױʣ֮ľѨϡѪƤǶͨ۽¯һ㡣
ÿ񱩵ֻƾЩѲҡϫҧҧĴڤΰ˼ʶ罣ն۾
ʱ֮䣬ɫѻָžϵʹҲˡ
ͻ۽ն˿һʶһţν˷ϮԿȻǿһ̶ֳȣͿһ
ʹһϫܾĹ۲ڵı仯Ԫ֮ȷޱȣܹǿԪƷʣһܽѪƤĤڣΪһ壬ƷҲõһ
ѨϣܹͬõԪ֮ǿ
ָоȫȫԪ֮ڣԴԡһ̥ǰȫɱ䣡
ֽ֪컯ЧϫԺ˲ֻʣһͷȫԸ࣬;˷һΣ
ϾԵǧֻһΣǡñԼײϣȥһʣԻᱻЦ
ʱţϫ׳Уͷޣׯϡ
תѾȥ졣
УϫʮѪڣžڻѪ֮⣬ȴû˾Եÿġ
Ѿˣʮ˻ûһֱһ漣
漣ҵǾãһȺǴǰʮǶ۷һǿߣǱ޴󣬽֮Ӳ֪ǿ˶٣ֵܹҲ֮С
״̬ȥ˵ܹ¼һµ漣
ڣڶʿӵܣĿӻѪأȻȴʱ䣬ɫȴƣ֮ɫԵ˷ڴ
䣡
۷׷֮ʣһӻѪڴһ޴ӰڿնͷųĽɫϼ
ԪӰѾͻıԵˣ󣬽ڶʱһƬȻ


420 Ƽ¼
Ԫǿߵһʡ
Ԫ걾Դ֮ɱĴ֮ڣѪڣꡣʿ֮ԪڣԪ٣ɿͨӴ
ػûʲô
ԪӰĳ֣ʾʿѾ֣߱ʣֻҪԸ⣬ʱ̤˾磡
ԭǽܼҵүʱҲڿնԪӰȻүͷų
ԪӰ֣˵𵤾ǱѾȫȴϧѽڻѪصǱ޵Уʮ˵еһֲסģֻܾʹֹٲܼȡԪ֮ˡȷʵҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
ৣ
еԪӰʧһӰӻѪӳүһԾڼǱ޵ĳϫˣ߲ɷһ˿ЦЩһﻹһһͰ
Աû˶ɥҡҡͷɫƽһĳʹ֮󣬱㼴¡
˵ʵܹڻѪڼ죬Ѿˣоõ˴εǱʱȻݣԼպȴ޷洦⣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʱ䣬ڽʿ£ֹȥһ졣
ѾǿѪصĵ졣
һ죬屬㣬ѪһԪӰʸӰ㡢ʸˣ̴Ǳýڵնһ죬ޱȡ
ʱҪٽʱǳ׺䶯ˡ
Ϊֱ񣬻гϫ¡ӡڻѪڼǱޣ
Ҳ˵ֵܼ죬ȫԺǧǰ߼¼һ
죬˶ֵܼ죬Ƕܴﵽ߼¼ĸ߶ȣ
һȺǴȻ˲żüðΪڴǣ̬Ƴȥ˵ܴļ¼
˭
۾޲ڻѪڣһգգΨִκεϸڡ
졣
ǳϼʢ
⣬ϫ˽Լֵ˵죬ﵽܹ߼¼һĸ߶ȣܼѡ
¹Ȼ棬ĸСһı֣ȷ˾̾㿪֮̾ǰʵƶϡ
ʵһЦ˵ҴƬѾʮ֮ãȻӢߣ񳯣
Цۣʢ˽ܣһн죬¹û
ԣʲЦʮأ͸޾֮ɫȻӵ˶ľţΪһƬصףҲԺޱȡ

䣡
ڵҪʱǻѪڵӻȻ۾ԪӰڿնȻҲѾﵽޣǿԳȥˡ
һֻ̣ʣ²ʱ
һĻڳ˶̾Ϣʱֲʣµ˵Уܷмֵߣ߼¼
ǰĺڰģأڻѪڼǱ޵ĳϫˣڴָоʱֱǶ꣬ޱȣ尾ޱȡ

һĳƮؼ䣬һĵҲ˽˽ѹֵĳŷΧ
ˣڴƼ¼ˣ
ˣ
漣漣Ĵ漣ĿһĻһӶֵˣ
ڻڽͣһɲǼȻһƬ춯ء
һ̣˶ڻ˷ܵѡҲ¶ЦݣзһĨʣаҴӵ˽ܳĶɣ綯ңҲн𣡡

Ҳڵ죬º˫˫Ǳ
˾̾ǣŮ·Ϭһ㣬ͬһʱټĵһǹһǺڰһ˫ǣ˲øп컯֮档
еĿⶼһӰϡ
ϫһȺǴĵһѾøʵ֤ǿڻѪڼֵ죬Ůһ߼¼ͷ޶
ֵܼʲôʱ
ʱ䣬һһιȥ
ǵģҲһһν
ۣ
ھ컹һʱʱͻȻϫɫһף͵һѪӰҡҡλΣҪӿ֮Ԫû
ȻǱ޵УѾﵽһٽ㣬Ҫ޾ѹû
ϫƺûдڼ֣忡ϣǼᶨִ֮ɫǿ־ڳ˶ݡ
Ѿ߼¼ҲΪ˼ֵΨһһˣֺαĥԼأ
ĥԼڼųԽң
Խң
ԣĳϫԣͬѾսҪģǳԽԼļޣɱһµң
һȻľӰжһĨ⡣ҲֶֻԼԶȶԵ˸ݵˣܳɾͽ֮ϻԻͣһԼĲഫɣ


421 ȫ
һʱͽ졣
쿴ƺ͵ֻһ죬˶ΪϫڻѪڼ죬ܹװ¡˵ļ¼˦󣬲ҽһǰļ¼һڳϫԼ漣

ϫڵ״̬⣬Ԫ֮񱩡ءƴѹ£޷ְ˷ϮԿȻ״̬ͨ⼸ҪʹûѾ޷沿飬Ťһš
־ʹɲޱȣ޷ݣݲֱ޿ӣƫƫ޷ӱܣܷ񣬷Ҫעһܵʹǿˡ
ʱȥ
ѪڵԪ֮񱩣һѰشݺݺڳϫѪ⡢ǡѨϡϣʶʼģ
κ˳ʹ඼м޵ģϫҲ⣬ֻʶؼţȫ֪ԼȡԪ֮ﵽ˺̶ֳȡ
ʼϿѪ
ʼҲ
µƤëУһ˿˿ĵɫѪ
ԶԶȥһҶۣƯڿޱȵУžκ˵ĴʱĿܡ
˶֪ʱĳϫѾӽıԵһĳķ߶ҡҡ׹
ʱ򣬾һӣ

촽˫ȭգָѪҲȻƵģһִûйĽţǣζŻѪصˡ
ѪŤһţҲݣ쫷еһݣôСôη
ҧݣȥѳϫȳջסˣǳϫļ֣ηս˭޷ȥı䣡
סϫ
һĬоϣ
֪һεӰݣƴֵľѾӡԼԺУԼ
ѻȸš
ǵĿⶼڻѪеǸˣĿг⡣
ϽǱһشΨһһʤ֮ˡһӺ¥ɱΨһʿȺǴһ
֮ǰֻϫȡõһҫͷΣĽ˼ʡ˷ߺޣ˾壬ڣǿһҫŬֺͺˮϫֶҽƴսˣ
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鲻ԽظźȻЩϡϡ䡣
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˿ʼһ𺰣Ҳʼ롣
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ڵʿݡ̬ͬ뻮һһɺϯǣ͸Ρغ͹
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Ԩ򲻹ЦĬԣһ侲һֱ԰ĵطȻ֣ԼǼӲͻȻһ˿һ˿İ㱣бʲôȫǺȻ˻УǻŵȻȻվӣҲŴ󺰣ͬޱȡ
סһ̣׳Ǽó·¶ӣ˫Ŀͨ죬š
סеǺˣɤ˻ŮǵиǴһ˿ʡ
ס硢ȡ̡Ϫ˶棬ȭͷ顣
סһڵҲȻٲʲôݴ󺰳
¶ڴ󺰣֪ƣ롣
Щ𳹵ɽ̵ĺˮؼ乲Ϊͬһ˴
ڳϫУȴƮģԶѾûȥЩʶʹĥĿҪʧȥ֪
£Ϊϫ˻ɫƽ֪ͬµĵУ˿Ҳسһ˿
ɣ˶ʣ־۷ȫ˵ģСһĳ
һųϫǲԽԽƵҵϵʹ֮ɫ͵سȣϫ
Ѫڵĳϫһ١
̳꣬˼Цɨǣļ屻٣ĸĸʧ٣үү
ҪΪȥ˱𣿡
ҪѰҵʧٵĸĸ
ҪеѪծѪ
㣬𣿸𣿼ֵͷ𣿡
ĸ֣ʼͨף¡¡ը죬˵
ϫʼҵĲ԰͸ɫһĨѪɫ˫ֲ֪Ѿս
ϫһˡʳȣס
סȫʿһ˻󺰡
ϫøɸһŽɫԪ֮ѹ֮ǿɲǻѪܵӰŭƵ
һ̣һԪ֮۳ɵĳ˴׺ɱҪûϫҡҡ׹
סȻڴʱͻȻϫĴ΢ɲĲһ£һɳƴ̶ͳ֮ૡ


ԺУ˷ػص仰
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ϸ磬ϸ硣һӰԾѩۣ̤նλǰ
ǳϫɴ۾
ϫˣһЦ
ϳϫˣǸոտ
ļٵģ϶öûˡ
һƭ㣿
ȥ
һʱ䣬¼ռĶټۡڣնȻֳ棬ȴսǰϦҪֲһһ״٣һӣ˶֪ϫˡ
¼ڡ
ڴĳ껻Ȼ̧ͷʧʲôˣ
ৣ
һ̣Ѷ´ڵˣӳ
磬㣡һ⣬껾Ϳ˳ϫԷһϮ忡ƮݣΨ仯ʣøȣһִ豹ĶϢ
ţˡϫҲЦˣͬůޱȣļңֵһȥػˡ
һ죬ΪϫĹ̳Ƿˣ


427 
¼Ҵڣüһá
껡䡢˶ȻУʵ¼ҵȨƣһҲ¼ҴС
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ£ڳϫϣĿ͡о̾壬˭ĵһˣѳΪһ
ǿߺڶ࣬Ȼܹȡ˻Իͳɾ͵ģмˣ
ĳɺпʢȻо֮ųѹһʱɧǰδ֮ϻԻͣϫ㵱ϴ٣
һϱʱԳϫҲɲò
ϫеܲĿ⣬ɿһԱߵĳ˵뿪ʱѾӦֻҪһ죬һز˿ˡ
˵ţϫóһƣǱ´͸ǳ¼ҵƣǳ¼լۡǰʱ¼Ͽնꡯ֣һ֪ܵԱӻģð뵱ΪС
һ㶣𾪼ޱȵֽӹдƣҳһοܴ˴ʢγ棬ͬڣ
ԱҲ֮꣬ǵʵ䣬֣ȴųʵ־ϣڣ˭ҴԱӻĶ
磬ãѯʵ֪һ֮󣬴Ҫȥμ̫սȻЩᡣ
һҲȥʹڼϫЦʵҲ᲻ô뿪Ѿ޷־ΪתƣҲֻܳݵһʱ䣬úˡ
ȴʲôЩ˲֪սĥ£򷱶࣬ҪľǾܽᾭ飬һоգΪ׼
֮Ϊ˼壬Ϊ̶̵һ굱Уϫˡ
ð껻ϲдڣ̤ʵˡԥ磬ôӰɣлҪġ
Ӱ졣ϫҡͷ
Ǿͺá˿Ȼ뵽ʲô磬ѵûһˣܷڹ㳡Ϻǳһ˼棬Ҫ೤ʱ䣬仰ͿԣҲ֪ܶ˶û㣬һֱһˡ
˵⣬껲Цˣĳһ壬ҲϽнһ壬ӵˣĽ֮¼ҵģڴ糣ٻؼңԾ˶ûء
ԡϫԥͷӦ˵С£ȴǧ˵ԸҶԵܵԺͳټĳ¼ҲкôȻܾ

ϸۡڣһռذĶľ޴㳡רŹãʱڹ㳡ϣɽ˺еĳȫ롣
ȥ㳡϶ǺѹѹͷвֹŵӺһڳϣЩŮСҲԶԶΧ£ѹ㳡ܼˮйͨ
Ǵϳϫڿˣ̫ˣ
ᰡŶʮܼ꣬޸á
Ǵϣ죬ܹȴ˽ӽôһεĸо
˼֮еĿⶼ̨һγӰϣ˷֮ɫԱ
վŵܵܳ껺䣬ϫĿһɨܣ·ħ㣬ǰԵޱȵĹ㳡˲ðѻȸһڵϵ
ӳҾͱɨǵͷΣļЦۡų⡭
ҴûпԼΪҼţֻҪŬַܶһ죬ܹıԼЩԼ˱죡
ϫᵭƽƮټĹ㳡ϣвûп´ʣҲûк׳ȴڳ˶𺳺͹
ǰĴϣ˱Լ֪˶ٱܹȡý֮Իͣѵֻǽ
϶ǣ
˶עϵһҫ⻷ʱ˭ע⵽䱳Ŭ
û˭ĳɹģܹӵн֮ɾͣȻΪ˸޷Ѫͺˮ˲֪ٵպĥѣųɾ˽
֪䣬¼жӿһĨԷθľ壬Ƕǿߵء
ҳɹһ룬ΪһŬԣֻҪŬҲܳɹɾޣŬˣԶڡ
ŬһעµµΪһɹԵ
ȻϫγԷ裬ƮһŲȥ
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ݺأ߿ƺ˺ѣһȥն·һѿɣʮɣһϲ֮˺ľ޴蹵
˻
ϱڣڳ˵һĽⰡվڴϣһ񷣡
ɭȻĽ糱ϫϫ˫ָ֮䣬׵緭绯һ֮â¶Ƴ֮䡣
Ŀһɨڶˣϣһ죬ÿ˶زûģ
УݵĳĬ֮ڳ󺰣˳죬Ұÿ϶дÿжȼżᶨĶ־
һ棬עΪ㣬ӡڳÿУһ޷

ΪϫĹ껾죬Դдǰݷôĸ·ͬ
ǰıУϽĸдԭǰŴĴССǾ͸ˡ
ʣǲʹһݷ
죬̳ƣ·ͷ
죬ע̳ʷϵһ漣һ޷Ĩ޷ԽĿǰʢ磡
һУԴԳϫһ˵Ӱ
һºⳡʢ𽥱ƽϫҲ漴뿪˳¼ңɽеһе
ֻС°С褡
Сһ£Ϊ£ϻ۾ףԸȴȻͬС褻ðͷԵģС°Ϊϲ񵭡
˵鲻һСһദĻܲڳϫߣһ䣬һӣҲڡ
ϫһǱ֮࣬е˼СһϣΪǴ󣬲ռලƽҳʵ
֪䣬Ѿȥ֮á
һգ壬ƣ̵ĺϷ輯С褺С°ںɳ̲
ϫһŲԴ¾ʱ䣬ѾЩĸڻͨһ̳ʩչؽ߾硪˽һ
Խ⣬Ҳ񣬽˰˴̺ĵ֮⣬ҲϤԼĽУǳ֮ľ֮ȵȡ
ʵ֮μȺǴʱǿ˲ֹһֻҪ̫սɽˡ
ϫ۾ʵ仯߲ɷЦ⡣
Ȼһ̣ߵЦʧ˸ǻȻ磬ңң棬һλյߣ˫ָ̤̺ˮ


428 
ϫӵĺĵλɽУǵ˫Ϭĵ̣Ϊˮα̣ޱȣʢһشطɫɻɫ׳
ȻʱƬװĺϣȴһλ֮Ͳ

̺ˮһƬư㣬߳߷ɳ۶棬̬ƣͥŲٶȿƻգۼѾӳɾ룬Ҫٺĵˡ
ϫжʱһͻȻ֣Լǵ֮͵ݣʶ޷ߵӰ
ΪȻǣߵĳ֣ˮܵһУ·һ־ֹ״̬ԶȺɽеķ񡢺ҡҷĺɻںС褺С°Ʊסһ㣬һľʯ
ָоƬػһֹĻ棬ߺ²ŵı̺ˮ˻ΨһܹĴڣ
һ־簡ܹӰط仯
ϫޱȣ֪ǰԼʵͲԷָͷԼٲ֮أɱһֻϻҪ⣡
˭
ĵҪʲô
ϫԺиͷݣ԰ĵǣϣûиܵκεɱ

ȻϺĵһ̣һȻĪѹȻӿ÷ƼΪ֮ɫ䡣
һ˲䣬绯һҫ̫㣬ɢĿأȻһԲֱͷųһѹϫɱ£
ϫͫȻһʶҪתԪȻȴȻ֣类һ㣬ԼʹֿضûС
䣡
ϫֻоԴ˵һȫ񱻰ľ޴ݺһǣѪһڣѪ
ϻ쵰˭Σֵʱ̣ϫʶʩչǿ֮һ˲ѱ˳֮⣬Ȼһɲضߣʵ벻Լʱ˿µһС
Ȼǿ֮ûҴˡǷʲôһһɲǼ䣬ĵֵĿֲѹҲ֮ʧֶƵãѴﵽշ磬Ķľ硣
ѹѹʧϫһȴٲСߣҽٴУԺиڷ˼һʲôʣԼ
ţԣϼһƺϳҵǿ֮ϫ͵ʶϼһղžȻһԼʹõͨ
˵ǾΪֹڴнڵһϳǿ֮Ĵڣ
ϼһ﾿˭ϫ衣
СʦܣʦֵڼˡͻȻǺǴЦſģգ˿Ҳڷ磬ģΪ͡
Сʦܣ
ϫʱסˣƺİܰŮװŮôƺԼŮԼһöͼƬְԼһΡ
ʱģ͵߳ƺԼϫһʱŮвɰѵŮǶյĵӣ
СʦĪ֣ղֻ̽һϰĹԴȷݣϾʦֵ֮仹ûм棬һϴˣǿɾ̫ˡ
ߴǰΪȵһ³ϫļЦ˵ȻдΪͨǿ֮֮УֻɽĵӲ˾ǵõⲿͨҲɹ
ԣϫѾԼߵĻΪ˵ǿ֮ĴУԴԶ˵ȥһ㼾خҲ˵
ʦ䣿ϫعʵһ̣ѾٿԼֻѶˣȫٷϻôࡣ
ɽСʦܳƺʦ־ˡЦųϫڴһ䡣
ɽϫ̲סк˳
Сʦôû°ȻԸ˵ҿҲܶˣȥʱСʦǰһѱ˲ɡҡͷѡ
˵ϫУȴȷϣɽӦһŵ֣ǰʦ֣ԼСʦãȻɽĵӣ
ϫԼ³ɽ˵ɶ˿һţƺԼΪСʦܣ
СʦܣҴ˴ǰܴʦҪخʦ뿪ʦͻȻ˵
ʲôҪخǰ뿪ϫʱһУٲȻѰѼخԼʦ𿴴һʦִȻΪҪ߼خã
ǰʦ˵Сʦ㽫̫սʱخʦĴڣͻᱻ쵽ӶһЩ˵ע⣬СʦԼخʦ鷳ʦֽ͵
⡭ô°ϫȫͿˣʲôĿ죿ʲô˵ע⣿ôͳͳخǰϹϵˣ
ʦ̾ϢСʦܣ˵͸ˣԺ򣬾ͻһеġ
ϫüΪηҪȵ򣿡
Ϊǧ統ӽɽĵطҲģͨˣҵĴڣ
һɣٿȻЩһֱڵļخȻʱͻȻˣ
ͨˣ
ͻȻļخϫһȴˣخǰʲôʱֳͨˣ


429 
ЩΪľĲɱ䣬Ѿܹóϫеֲ޷
Ȼ˿̣ʦֺͼخǰٴθָܵо֪ΪԼ۽̫խСΪҲ̫͵Եʡ
ʵҲǣڴһУϫȷӵаȺ۵ʱǺʦ֡خһǰһȣʵȷЩġ
οڴڴ۹Ҳڴ֮ڣȻ˽⵽̫ս顣
ֻн򣬲ܶһȫµ֪ɣһ̣ϫͻȻΪҪУȥһһƬɽĴ½һģ
ʦ壡خ֣ʦɫһĨ˵Դʦ뿪ɽⶼȥˣּ˼ˡ
خҲһ˿˸Уҡҡͷ˵ɽһС磬Ӧʱưɣ
ʦֵͷʦԡǹŲ֮ٳֻܹͨάϵһʱ䣬ʱһҲ޷ܿĸǡ
Ȼˣٽ˼£Ͻ뿪Ϊá˵⣬خϸһĨпȥˣҸʦʺãлĺ⡣
ʦִһʲôʦһɽҪ֪Сʦһ̫սȻᱻġ
Ҳȥ̫սخҡͷϵ˵ڶ֮ڣһΪұѣҲΪѡһӼ̳²񣬳ϫѾ߱һҲٰˡ
˵ţϫ΢΢һЦģҾڴ˵أΪ㿴һΣһСȻȱӵв֮أõı˷֡
ʦ塭
خǰ
ʦֺͳϫͬʱڣҪ˵Щʲôȴخٴδϣ˵ѾǲȰˡһңٻɽ١
ϫ죬ȴֱ͡Ϊ˽⼾خıԣһȻٸģٶȰҲá
ΪҪǣʵҲκȥȰخˣѵҪԼ̫սȻЩ˷ֲɣ
ʦ壬ʦԴϴ뿪ɽ֮񶼲֪٣غڴˣɽأҵʦֵڣк˵ʦ̲ģȰ
خȻŤͷ䶢ʦ֣һԲ
ʦֶʱͰɫȻˣͻɽʦξ˵ţתʹߡ
šخʦһۣûһʱûһҴߣ
ʦһɫβѣȷôģϧǱخʶˡ
ˣòһΣСʦһͨҲ١
˵ţخŤͷһԵĳϫЦʦ־֮ͨղ̫޵ǣҪ֪ÿһڿɶ̺һǿͨѧʲôҪˡ
خһ˵ʦּҲˣΪǣ˳ϫϣʦֵܼμ棬ʦֵģܲ񶼲ɣ
СʦܣѧʲôͨҰɫɫʦЦȴ̾˿֪տѲܽخʦɽˡ
ϫЩԥ
ɵСӣʦ֣粻֪߳ٱҪһͨʲôΪѵģخҡͷ̾Ϣ
ˣʦ壬СʦΪˣҿСʦܵΪѿҪ磬۳ﵹһͨΪʺСʦܡ
ʦһ˵һһ޹ǣѩ׾Өâӿˮƣܲ¸ӵĹƣɢһȾ֮Ŀ
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һ޹Ǹһ֣ܵնʱݣγһļµкڶˮǹȫкڶһգγһųյش
⣬ֻһ޹ɢϢɵģֱ˲ţʲô޲˿µһ޹ǡ
̫һǣ̺ɡǳֱԴ⣬Сʦǳִ֮ȫͨ壡ʦ˵ţ޹ǵݸϫ
壿
ϫӹһ̽Ѱ͸оһɿµϢ·һͷﳤĴԾ棬󻯳һͷҡֱϾǿ֮䣬ƴˡ
뺣Ϊ㣬Ϊ˫գ֪м̫ʱǿ֮һ
ⲿ徹Ȼ̥һ֮У̺ɡǳֱԴɴ˾Ϳ֪ⲿͨжǿˡ
壿ȷһͨʦοѪ˰خЦ˵
ʦֹһЦǿ޹һۣСʦܣ֮󣬿ǧ޹Ǹˡ
ϫʦַģҽ͸϶޹ԭͻ
ǾͺãǾͺãʦֻһӣƽͰйƣȺöȴҲֻѣ˵ʵСʦ㣬뿴һ۶ܣõϫ׿ڱ֤ʦų˿ĴЦ
ˣϫвɶλıʦƽֺøУ͵һ˵ʦ֣ʦҲһ޹ǣȴ֪ʲô;Ҫ
Ŷơʦһ˵ȷ˵˵ԼСʦΪϾ̫ͣڵһС磬޵ʲôñοÿһ޹Ƕǵģ
Ȼӳϫ˼ʶķӦˡ
ϫЦЦһģƽĹͷһ֬񣬽͸ĦоޱӨǣзǳ
Ϊ۵ǣ滹飬Ҳ֪ٵĹƣǿգʦ׭µķƽṹһ֮䣬ƺһ˿ϵǡ
ףǡ޹ǵĵһۣʦɫ֮ɫʱɣ磬â


430 ָ֮
ʦĸߴ뷢īģüΪ͡
Ȼϫеǿ޹ʱȴ˺汦̽ץ޹ǣȻ˼̬һƨɶڵϸϸһģ
ϫˣЦ֮࣬Ҳɺ棬ѵ޹ʲôĵط
޹ǷҶؼҴСޱ֮˵洫֮ȴһֱ֪;Ϊ˱ϫľ֮޹ǵһ˳ϫ
ϫҲ̽Ѱ޹ǣźǣҲ޹ھʲôܣΨһȷǣ޹ӦòǷԾһֱߡ
Ǵʱʦ֣Ͱ޹Ǹˡ

ʦв֪ʱѶһСͨΣֻаƴСһ޹ǣһ졣
˵һĻˣ޹ǱͻȻһƬϼ⣬Ƭϼ⾹Ȼޱȵķƻɣٲ£ʹͷףһ־Ķǵ
ণ
͵һٿȻ𣬳ʮأ漴һͷԡľ޴Ӱڿնﾱ֮ʣɢϸ߹ơ
䣡һӰճ֣Բڵĺˮɽ͡ʯľһζڸڶݡ޸ŵڵأɪɪ
һ˲䣬ϫ·𿴵һֻ߾βƹ˫߹ķˣھ֮ϣٿУ£
ˣ⾹Ȼһ֮ǣʦּ㵸зУԡֻأȾۣȴһ鲼ԴƵǣ⡭ֱ漣
Ƿ֮ǣ
ϫҲˣ֪ޣԻرԴ̫ʱڣҲֻڴ˵Уһ翵񻰰㡣
֮ǣ˲õıﰡخҲǸпһ䣬ʦ˵˹ǼֵΣ
޷ʦһֵ߰ذ޹ǣһڴ
˹̺Ĺư廹δ⿪СʦҲãҿԴ˹͸㣬ǷҲӦСʦܱʾһ£خЦе
ʦֶʱӦʦڰСʦթԼһ֮ǣԻϲˬӦ
ͨѧǹ󾫲࣬ȻղŽ֮Ǹ˳ϫǾָһβڵɡخ
Ȼԡʦֺԥ
оΣخϫʵ
ϫЦһǰķԸ
ͿһʼʦҪ֮ǣٵʦֽԼͨخǰһֱڽԼȡôģû
ڷ֮ǣ缾خǰ˵̺Ĺư廹δƽ⣬ԼҲûãʦȥҲﾡá

ĵǰʦֺͳϫ泯̺
خѱų褺ͳ°Сһ뿪ŵʦϫҵ
Сʦܣǧÿߵĵ·ͬҽΪģҴӹƵ⡮塯˵ףֻǶֱ߱Դöѡ
ʦ˫ָ٩٩̸뺣Ϊ㣬Ϊƿˮд

˵ʱʦֳ̧Զңңһָʱһ޴г֣ˮ˷ǧɱƺƴޱȡ
һɲ֮䣬ռˮһ޴ޱȵУתǾεɽ͡ĹľӲʯͳͳεضеСǵ龰Ҫ˻ϵһжɵ
ƿصõ£ԿգƸʦЦЦȻ̧ٴγԶһָ
䣡
£׶ǧĿ֯һѴ֪ǧľ޴˫ᣬâ绡ܣգһȣױһУ˫ܺӿԶԶһطƻһƬУϯ£
˫ڿգױеɢ֮и̺һֿµĻ·Ҫ촷۰˼ӵ֮
һ˲䣬ˮԲʮ֮أɽľǷޣһжһգһƬ֮أǵ龰óϫͷƤ顣
Ϊ˫֪գ׶𣬷ҡֱϾƿʦ赭д
˵գٴ̧֣һָ񷡣
䣡
ԭ̿յĲ񷣬Ȼҹ֮ɫǳϣɢʵԣͬλð㡣
ȻϫȴȻ֣ǲ֪ŵǳȻת֮γһаĺڶ֮
ڶǳʯȻܿư㣬׷ױڶɵûаĵֿǵ龰һͷµĶħſ˴죬ǳ伢
ʳƿɵ⡣ʦֵڶ𣬶ʱϫоѡ
Ȼͷ֣ʦָ֮ɽأȻΪһˮ磬ڷԲ֮תһЩ顢ޣҲڵˮе
̺輯ľ졢ިԶȺɽ֣ȣֻ֮䣬ղűݻٵһУȻֻصԭģһƻõĸо
ϫղűױ촷ɵһаأھȻ»˹һԭ̬ѷڲ֮£ȻԼһ仯
Ƭؼÿһϸڣˮеһֻ죬һжԭԭΪԭء
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ϫֱԼ۾ȻΪֶΣǵһμоͿ֪жˡ
СʦǺܼ򵥣ֻһ䣬Գ桢ǬСֶΰˡСʦ޲ꡣһҲġʦֻΪϫڸԼֽ̣Ľ͵
˵⣬ʦƲʲôɫһ㶣ɿСʦܣʦԡǹŲ֮ٳͨҪرˣãͽ̺һЩһһپͿˡ
ϫһݣ£˼Ϣ񣬿ʼ


431 һ֮
壬̥֮ڵһǿ̺ͨˮСִ塣
ˮСǱԴ⡣ü֮ͽһһֶԼɵһƿء
ɵļɣȥƿغʩչˮСִ
ʦ֮ǰʾǰָ֮֮ʩչˮкĿ
Сʦܣⲿͨ߾磬ܹ۳ǳ۶ɵ֮Уױɵأ˵һйɵ
һЩ彲֮ʦɫһ࣬ѵҪСģ̫ǿ򲻿ʩչͨпܻɣ٣
ϫ˵ͷġ
Сʦܣ֮ڵ֮ͿⲿͨˡˣôڵĶѴڣҲˡʦЦ
ʦ֡ϫЩᡣ
СʦĪҪ˸УгһգʦֵܱȻܹٴʦֹЦһĳϫ򣬶˺գ̤У˲ʧ
ҲΣȥҲ٣֮񲻾ħ
ϫң֮ϣƾһ˿Ȼ˷ǲľ飬ʦּȻΪݣԷΪ˺ͱԣȴƢһཻĸоʱʦ˵߱ߣҲΪġ
ˣخų褺ͳ°Сһ˹
ţˡϫ˵ͷʵخǰ˵Ҳɽһô
خ˼ǵȻֻɽӷ¾֮˵²У˾ð䶼ð䲻
ԭʦ˰ϫͻȻĪЦˣЦЦ𵴾죬͸һɺ

ʦֵĵ뿪˳ϫخԼСһ֪⣬ûκζ
ʦ뿪֮󣬼خҲ֮ʧڶڣϫٴλָƽУΪ褺ͳ°Сһﴫҵӹúܳʵ
䣬֪䣬¹ȥ̫սڣֻʣһˡ
ӣǰĵ̽ϫƺ֪Ҫ뿪ǰС
һ죬죬٣ĵϣϫں͵ܵܳ껡ľ죬ںߣ硢ȡ硢ᰵŮڶŪ褺ͳ°СһʱһöЦ
ƽ͸֡
Ժǳ¼ҵһжˡϫͷоƣͻȻһĵܵܳ˵
ǿ԰ӿ˸кͲᣬɫһ࣬ͷ磬ͷİɣұ֤㿴һһĳ¼ҡ
ϫĵܵܵļ򣬳Ĭã˵ƵԼ̫ۡ
Ϊһ֮ĳ껣ѷյ¶꣬ǰԳǡһԾŶƣʱȴȦһ죬̲סᡣ
֪ԼϫҪ뿪ˣǰһƬΪ紳ǰ·δδ֪ڶ޷ȷ
֪ΪѰٵʧٵĸĸףΪΪһȥ˱ԼȫԲôƴȫҲԹϰҸӵġ
磬أٴһһƣôһֱΪԼĸ硣
ϫӹһ
ֵܶˣһЦ

ʮ峿
ϫӴϴ֮󣬱㼴ʼ⿲ȡ
褺ͳ°СһʱѾ׼һʢޱȵζ
Ҫ뿪𣿡С°ԣһɢĲȣûһֱӶӣ̧СԴ峺ڵųϫʵ
С褼ˣҲпӣϫ
СһﶼϻޱȣһڳζоͲµЩʲô
һʱУϫǳϦ飬䵱Ÿסʦ𡢳ʦȵȽɫ˴ֶףǰһʱ֪ϫҪ뿪С˵ԵüΪ䣬Ϊ˲óϫģСãֳҪͳϫ뿪
ʱС°ûס˳
СһԼ峺ϫβŵͷһ˵֮չģԺҲ̳סĽҰģҲʺСһٶȥˡ
Ҿһ𡣡°峺а۾ʵ㡭ܲܲߣ
ų°еϣ֮ɫһ̣ϫͻȻһǿҵԸӵĳ嶯ڰߣһ㳤ˡ
ջռϷ磬ôΪϳеĶʵ̫࣬Ѿһע޷Լ־ΪתƵĵ·
ˣ
ڳϫ˼ΰοС°ʱˮϿգͻȻһҵĿռ䲨۳һͨ
һϮ۵ĳɺ˳ϫϲɸһ˿Ц⣬˵ϫ죬̫սҪɡ
ǰԵȣӰСǰϫվӣ˵
šĳɺ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬳껡䡢硢ȡϪľˣҲĵϣһĬԡ
˸еģʿҲ⡣
ϫ褺ͳ°ɵܵܳ껣ֽ׼õһָ˹ȥЩѼһЩҲòϣ߰ɣƴǡ
ĬĬӹ˵ͷ
ϫЦЦӰĳɺߡ
תĿٴδɨͣڶӳ°ϣĬãŹ˵λأ
һԵĳɺҲ˵˵ͷһӣֿգųϫ߽һռͨС
ףһֱģ
ڳϫ߽ռͨһ̣°ڱһɲǣϫвݣΪʱһ֮󣬳°һοڽס


432 ٴ
֮
ǣھŲ㡣
ǻز֮أź̺ĵ伮ĿıΪߵʥ֮ء
ͬҲ̫ͨսΨһݵ㣡
ʱһƬɢϲɣϢĻֺ뽨ǰϥʯ֮ϣϢޣѳƬء
һϮۣλߣֶ
ڳʱ󣬳ϫ¡ӡ硢ʸ졢㡢ʸӰү½ʮ˲ɫȻ
ԱߣᰣӦ䱳Ѫħڣ̫սУȻܡ
ڳϫһ಻Զ֪ʱѶһ޴ʯ󣬾ʯ޹⣬ۼ߲ɢӲɣ֮·بһֱ浽ڣ޾¡
ˣˣ
һϴʯӿʯһ˯޾µڻѣΧնƺҪ
ϫĿ⾲ϵʯ֪Լˣͽͨ󣬽뵽һƬ̫սС
һƬδ֪Ĺռ䣬ֻдͿԽ뵽ɽĵط
ٹһӣʯ󼴽֮ǰм仰ȡʻȻŤ
ϫһݣ£񣬲
̫սУǧţ춼ۣҪСһЩ޵ĹƣʵȻڴһǶ⣬Ƿ̫սУֻǿﵽһǿߵˮ׼붥ǿ߻һξ롣
˵ⷬϫɫ
ʱĳɺǽһЩ飬֪ڴ⣬԰ټƵĸڣֻеһѡ
ڶУнʵֻеˮ׼֮һЩŲСĲࡣ
Щһţ̫սУ侺֮пҲͿ֪
仰˵ϫ̫սУȻָţȳϫ¸̬ˡ
Ҫӱע޾ѺΣмƬռڣΪ˵̤ʯ
ס̫ս֮󣬾;˷ܹӵԱ֮ٴһ䣬Ȼ㳯ʯϥŵߵ˵ͷȻʼɡ
ٿȻ۾ӵϻ
ϫ𾪷֣վҲ֮ӿɢһɿϢԽԽǿֱ󣬵ֱһ̣ϵϢȻض
һɲǣλϢ޵ͨߣͻȻΪһϵo֮䣬Ƽﳼ
ϫ¡֮ǰһΣ֪λһλͨϹеҪСࡣ
˾ͲͬˣһĻɫ䣬Ϊ֮һϡӣ𾪵һһģ֮
֮һԲֱʯǰĦʯƬ̣㼴̽һֻƣʯһ
䣡
һɰޱȵ֮ƼӿֱӹʯУǾ޴ʯǲкļʢ⡣
ϫֻоǰһʹٴ۾ʱʯ룬ѾӿһͨϼƷֱֲ˰
ϫ£ʮһٽʯ󣡡
ʵĴ쳹ϣϫ˼ͬʱжûаˮӰһݣѻʮ⣬ֱ˹֮ڣϼתһ̣ʧ
꣡
ųϫʧڹ֮ڣʯܵʱʧ»ָԭģֻʯܵľʯԵ߲ɣһЩ
ʱҲֱۣ֮˻ƺ˲Ϲݺᣬƣ֮ɫ
鷳ˡʴʯջĿ⣬˵
Ϊ˴Ľĵʲôҡҡͷֱ߻̨״ϥء
ǰΪ˴Ľ̾˿˵̫սУܻʲôɾͣͿǸԵĻԵˣϣǶƽ򡭡

Ͻ̳ǣˮ
ϼϦգ̵ĺˮѤõٺɫһ£خһҡУĿ
Ƭ̺󣬼خƺʲôȻ۾ĿĿ䣬ѹᴩһ磬֮ϲɸһĨп뿪˺ðֻн򣬲д磬ô


ڰ˾ ̫ս


433 ױ֮

һƬ塢ۻ׳֮ĺ嫴½һƬӵ桢ء
̫ʱƬ½ϵһ춯صľǿߣ˷ǳĸϵº̺Ĵ
ɵ塢ħﹲ棬Ⱥ۲ԣһʷʫҫ۵Ĵ
ҲǾɽĵط

֪ԻܻΪǧ硢С磬ÿһ磬һ
ÿһ磬԰ѿԼĽ棬¸ͳڶС硣λСеһУһͳΡ
֮ǧ統еһӽɽһƬ嫴½ڵС磬ƿصСеһ
СΨһ𣬾ĲͬȱСȱġ
ʿѰʵҪıǸƣ֮·ע߲˳Զ෴ܹ򣬳ɵļҪࡣ
ҲΪС統мĸԭӵ棬ȴΪȱԭ
ҲˣڴÿʿУֱһɽʥأ˶
ϧҪС뵽һ磬ȵ컹ѡ

̫սǺبڴ֮һǵ
һƬԻĹʱڱĹռ䣬ıǹϴУͬʱҲų޷գ
һƬŹױ򣬴ءɽͽԳ֮ɫݲ
¡¡ɫ绡зݣԶԶȥһɫһɽϵ٣һִҡҷŤâ䣬ؼһжڿ״̬龰֮
ˣ
һͺͺɽϣͻȻһƬҵĿռ䲨һ˺ѿռ䱩Ӷɽۣ֮Ƭ֮󣬹ɢȥһӰ漴˳
̫սôϫҡҡԴʱĿռ䴫ЩѹĿһʱ䳯ܴȥ
ﵽɫһƬ谵ɽʹسֳһƬļµ֮ɫһɻϵϢſ񱩵֮ؼ䲻Ʈ
ĳɺ˵ĹȻ̫ս֮˶ᱻ͵ֻͬǲ֪ǣֱ͵
ˣһ˵һֻҪ̫սȥվһġΨ֮ƣΪá
ϫһ㲻ٳɣӰһƮƮɽ壬һСĹ۲ܣһ߳ǰӶȥ
յʵ˵̫ս֮У޾պΣֻн磬ӵԱ֮
ϫԴŲɣ̫ս޾УܹӱģչţΪ˱˵̤ʯ
̫սУֹЩĵӲμӣǧԲͬǿҲУԵòп
¡¡
ŭϹ߿跭ʱһڵ棬Ӳڵʯֱӱ俪һѷ죬ס
ϫյ蹦Ȼûзһ˿ֱһƬ֮أ
֣ȻΪۺ񣬵ȴΪ񱩣ڻһɷֱӼȡ
Ҳζţ̫սҪֻܽ鵤ҩ֮ˡ
ҵǣǰ̫ս֮ǰϫѾڸڴ˽ǧӤԼŵ̫ҺһʱڣҲΪе鷢
ţǡ
һʱ֮󣬳ϫһߴǧɵĹ¾ɽǰɽɽһɽʯڣʯᾣڲɫӳ£ɭȻĝ
ԾǣɽһĹ⻬ұϣȻмɣ֦ꪣŽĹ̷Ա߻һҩӨʡ
һԵĻ䣬ͨ㣬ϼĿһƵâ绡·Ǽȡ֮ɢ㡣
һµҩˣɫƣأ޵ĵطԵΪĿ
ԪñʮƬȻѾƬ֮ˣϫӿնϸϸзһ˿̾
֪֮ҩܹ֮ģԳƵǵƷҩΪڿĵر
Ԫƣ˱ǿ߳ȡ֮ⷨ⣬õƷҩΪϣ˷һöҩ̺һֵ⣬ʿ̷˲ƿֵ⡣
ԽǿĵԪʱԵƷҩʵҪԽߣǰһԪʮƬԶ֮ȫԸϣƳһ̺ĵԪˣ
˵ʱ޷ƵԪ̷ֱԪȡڵĵ֮˵Ҷĸһ׶ΡϫһӻиǸпǧֲʿ̫ս֮ͣĵرۺˡ
ˣ
Ȼڳϫ׼ʱҩϿգͻȻһҵĿռ䲨һӰ˳
̫սҹˣ
һۣ˫ü罣Ŀ꣬һ֣㼴Цһֲһİ̬
ףԪһĻ껹֮ˣ̫սһݴ˰ʱҹע⵽ɽڼҩһٴηһЦ
ѣҵġϫ̲סˣӣһЦ֮ԷԼеĶǾ;Բˡ


434 ϼ
ҹȻת磬ɨ˳ϫһۣмʲôղûд㣬ֻΪãɱѣ㾹ҵűǿӵҩǲ֪Ͻھɱ㣡
Դ֮䣬ȻֱӾͽҩռΪУûһأɴ˾֪ҹεŰˡ
ϫв̾˿ԭΪܹ̫ս붼Ǹ⼶һǿߣӵǿߵİǺϣǴǿҲӦ̽ʵжǣ
ҹƫƫһŰģǾֻ˵һ⣬һҪô̲ҪôǶԼʵΪš
ŸʲôޣϽǵ˱Ӵ£ˣҹٴαȿڣ˲䱬纣һɿµϢ纣˰ǰӿ
̸ˣϫѾȷһʵΪ˵ãӾԲáһ뵽⣬üƽȥֱ˵·һԼԱȫСȷǷܻ
ҹԣУɫȴһƬȻɫɵ㡭ȷڶԱ˵
㻹Ŀʱ䡣ϫûֱӻش
ҹֲɵȻó֮ԼԹԹǰСӾͻԼ
ɶ񣡾Ҹô˵ֱͲ֪ôдġҹ˫𣬴𶯵ɽʹҡҴܣɫޱȣӿɢ֮ơ
ʵˣûмĴԼʧķ˰ɣ
ֹֹһǿ֮һֱֹϵӵܣҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬˵Υ־
ǰһﲻΥ־ţҪԼͲȻɫΪһǰɱ
̵㣬ָд
Σ񱩶ˣ˲Ϣ˽ǰһȭɱϫͷ­һɻ磬ΧڼӲɽ塢ʯڻ̮
ò˵ҹʵȷǿǴĴڻ̮˸ɽʯжôǿ
ϫӭȥ׼ӲӲͷڷ裬˫磬忡ϲƽ֮
䣡
˵ȭײһ𣬷һ죬һը
ҹٿȻ۾һһȭ֮ȻУǹؼʱǿȭղſܳԴˡ
һ֣ɳһ̣һɽϵԪסڶԾлٵ
ţٴζ֣ͫͻȻܻϼΪâʮɣٷļʸֲ
ϫ治ɫָΪָ͸ɢ壬һƬʢž죬˲ֶ¡
âƿգŭڣضһƬʢ
ϫƣһƺڷâնϣնգƫһ㣬âͶʺ»пͷ­ء
ͬʱҹϳһƬۣĵˣɵؽ֮𽣵ԣӦǰ˽һľ磬𽣵ΪֽΪ
ԭʶԪڵĹֶΣ㲻ϫնϵһƺڷҹֳǿʵԸȻ
ߣԲѣʵУӾˣҪ㳹׽ΪʹӣǲԴԳӵĸ߹ݣҹڣӳʢͬʱΧһƬ𺣣ȼգ룬һߣڸԼʹӣϢһǿʮֹ
ˣϫһУпʼŰļһʵҲǣܹ̫սĵӣĻһߣ
ɱ
ҹɱЮ޾棬һƬĻɲĻеٻգضյ÷
ϫٱս̧־һնƺ糤ӣֹЮ𵴻֮¡¡ѹȥ
飡
һߴǧɵɽڽâ³Ϊ촷ۣգĶǡ

ǵأһƬطٻΪҽһƬǽ塣
ϫҹսѸƶ壬߼һƬѤãҫ۾ܵĻͽâ
ŰҹһչֳһλᶥǿߵȣɱƵƵʩչǿѧƷѧˮ׼
ԭԾԵʵѹϫȴ֣һʵȻҲΪɲѲޱȣȻԼս˸£һһƣ
ۣ
ͻȻһâƮ޺ۣȴзѸ磬˲ϢҹһƺߣĵˣͷѶһѪѪӿ¶ݡ
ͨ㾹ȻѾʣʼֵõԼĽƵˣ
ҹкȻͨн޶ҪﵽĿ꣬Ⱦ磬ֵԿڽƵУѲپڵƷѧķ룡
䣡
ҹӿһĨΣԥſ³һŹâӭһչһϼӿӣųϫ˹ȥ졣
ϼӳֵһɲǣϫҲͬһĨ¶ԥͺһࡣ
ৣȻܿ˻ȵĹƬǧﷶΧɽأ˲ͷٻһգӲٻһǧľ޴ѷ죬ѷھǻҽɳĿġ
һУֻһ˲䣡
־ֲ̫ˣĶǣǵؽ׷ӵе׷ֻҲ޷һ
ʲôƷ׵ķδ̫˰ɡĿһУϫͫȻһ


435 
Ⱥգһ˲ٻǧɽӣޱȡ
Ѿ˵ؽ׷еѷɫһ⾿һ
ѵǰϫԺһһ෨ȫԽ׷Ϊ޷֮飬ֻܳ
Ȼƺƺû磬ȴޱȣڴڣֻЩ绽ĵǲӵаʿͲܵõ
ƽڣҲֻ̫ϳϱӵһһΨһһɴ˾֪ϡ֮ˡ
ֻڤϵΪʹ𣿡
ǳϫɻĵطΪҹֻԲ磬ʹõǰǼֱ̫˼ˡ
׳գ̫ս£κηʹѲκƣȻһ㶼֪һӵӵˣ
ϫǱԼһסҹ̧°ͣмһЦȴǲٴλӶлȣϼǵأݺݳϫѹȥ
ԭĲͬɵģ˿һеȷǰˡϫȴһ
ԼϿûܹ֮ķһֻн𵤾磬ܹʹҲԶԶ޷ȫ
ৣ
Ժзɿ˼ŶԲߣһ̣ϫȫʩչǿ֮һԶԶܿڻδǻȵǰǱܿâΪá
ҵǣǿ֮ٶ㹻죬գǧҹĻ󣬵ȴ޷ϫ·ֻҪϫԸ⣬ھͿݵʲô⡣
¡¡
ϼգرȾһƬɫɽĻİ˼һһݺսΧԽԽ
ɶ־һս
ԼĹܱϫܿҹñӰӿգһлƵƵϼκƺƵӾ֮кµĹ𺣣ǵأƾİ
ৣҹıŭϫȴɫƽƵᣬӰòһĨǺ⣬Ųתƣ֮յرܿһֵֻҹף׷ɱȡ
ݺɱϱ任սƬɫױԵĿ֮

ȣ
ֹ˴ν̫սܼʮˣȴֻҹӵаȣ˾ֹҹˡ
ǿõǶۺϡ˵УҲмΪĵĵЯ˰Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ԺЩһɵöŵߡ
Զһɽϣ겢ңңųϫҹս
ߣû㹻ǿʵӵаҲǻΪ¡˵Ϊ꣬òãǳ䣬ӺݳȣֶڷԳһԨsŵĺƴš
Τմ磬˼ǣҹпܣһȻɫ𺣬ﾫâ䣬бһԷɫĶꪣϢ͸һ˿Űޱȡ
пܣǱذɡΤյȻ˵
˵ʱȴһֱԶսеĳϫ̷㿴ҹλȡôȺǴһĳϫ
ϫ̷һУͷӺ¥ڻõ鱨ϿӦǳϫɣڴ˴ν̫սڶŵУҲֻһŰؽ˽һľ硣
˵⣬̷ʲôͻȻЦ˵кüӣҪ̫սУн̫սĴɱвǬһϫΪһһˣֻû뿪̫սˡ
Τһ̾˵ǰԭһ뽫ϫӪһһ
Ȼֹ
ΪʱһٿȻʷ˹ΤץУʶһɨüͷһ壺߰ɣʦִϢϡ
ʦ̷֣ԾоȻ¶һ˿ŨŨľη
Τյ˵ͷ²˳٣ͳ
ΤմԵȡ̷ͻȻҹпһҪȡ
ɽۻôãΪΤҡͷ̾Ϣ߰ɣǸϫһӲͷԲҲȥǿɾͲֵˡ
˵գӰһݣһĨӰ˲ʧɽ嶥
ɺޣò״סҹ䵥Ļᣬȴװױ˳ϫСӣ̷вʵƳԶսһۣҲת뿪

ˡϫʶڤʿںҹս֮ͷΤպͳ̷Ĵڡ
ҲˣһֱʵֻǺҹâΧ򣬵ĵľǱͷǿһš
һߣҲóϫװ
ʱҹҲǿ֮ĩɫףΪƵƵʹðȣѽҪĴˡ
ϫٿȻվ壬գѾõһն
ˣ
ִĽâֱޱȣһǺӣԶҹ
һؽǧ仯ֵΪһ嫣ããһƬǳѭн桢𵴡ɽſգǵ׳ĳ·ʱ˼
ãҹѸٵˣд壬̻ȣǿϫһƽ֣ڸӦһ֮ޱȣҲӡ
Ȼһƴ絹Ǻӳұ۵һضˣѪҺͬеĻȣ볯׹ȥ
ӲŹģҹʹŭŵûɢʮ𼱵ʱ̣Ҳ˲ȥʰȡȣžһǬŲƷˢһ£ѱռŲ뿪ʧ
ӳϫһֱҹնұۣٵǬŲƷһϵжһɲǼ䡣
ϫ׷ʱѾûҹټ
ӵаȻһöǬŲƷɱﵣһļҵʵĺܰϧӵˣҲ֪ϻıûС
ϫаԸпһ䣬㼴ӵ棬һӣϵĻȡ
ͬʱʩչǿ֮תԪڵɽǰֽҩСĲߢźԥط뿪
֮ǰҹսĶ̫󣬸˱ˣοޱȵ̫սڣ뿪Ϊá
ɳһʱ
ϫеȵǣȻû뿪ƬױɹɫĿâ
УôĿĵķȥ˵ֻ»ΣգϾվԼϤ̫սأܴˡ
ַһյʱ䣬ϫѰٵһɹݾӵĵطһ۵Сɽ壬ǧɣһɽڼ䣬һȻڣqqģϸϣױԵ
ֻ貼һӦòݱ˷֡ϫԥϣһȷûʲôΣգŶ˽ȥ


436 ɱ
⴦ɽΪڶڲһ֮󣬳ϫųһϥء
һ£㷭óȣǰϸϸȲʱֻаƴСͨϼתĦоޱȵӨůǣзǳ
Ϊ۵ǣ滹ƣǿգ֮䣬ƺһֻȸչǡ
ǰôƷȻԶԵʱԳ䵱ɱʹáϫа̾ѣְһ󣬱㼴ȷŽ˸ڡ
ֽԪֲ˸ڣڶڣһƬľɭ֣ľ棬Ϊֲҩ
ԪֻƬ˵֮ʣµƬҲ̷֮ƵҩûгʱƷҪֹ߳һ
һϫǼΪģҲûмŶãǽҩ˸ڡ
̫սΪĲͬȻ÷ʹòƣҹʵǿܺȣƾȣȴҶɵأԺˣֻҪıһ²ˡ
ϫһ߽鵤˹ָһԺл֮ܽǰһսҲòϣǻ¡ӡǵʹðԼֻҲֻķݶˣûκƿԡ
Ƿ֮ˣ̫ս֮УʹѲΪƣԵҪ
ӵܹһͨʿ˲仯ǿߣʧȥ͵ǰëķˣ硣
һǿķһǿʿУǼֱ˵ɱˣɱˡ
ȻȽĴڣ˵ǽ𵤾ʿǿֻҲѷӳȫ
˵ֻܷӳһҲ㹻ˣ˵ɱȺۣҲǿֹһսͬʿĶԿУһӵаʿȫԴھƵУѹ֡
ҵĽƷѿ׷ڰԣҪԲһҪ콫Ʒһ׶ˡһ뵽⣬ϫʱסˡ
û취ƷʵҪĵĲӴ˵󺱼ĴڣѼϸ򲻵
һƷʣİɭݺɱ¾ϰգֱľѼ㹻ĲϣƷһΣﵽڵ
ҪٽһƷףҪĲҪҲ࣬һ붼ͷƤ顣
ϫһʵȿʼӵеı
ȴеɥڽ̫սǰԼʱòϵһбͳͳ˵ܵܳ껣ֻʣȼˡ
ҩ˰Ӥ̫Һ
аʣڤ¼޼ƾ飬ԼոյõĻȡ
ģֻһյõԪ黨ޡ
һöǬԪлõ̫֮Կһ֮ǣԼһЩƿƿ޹޵
ʼգȻûҵһܹƷʵĲϣ
ʵڳϫԤϵУ֮ǰûԼĲϣڽõĺϣҲһԶ˵ܵܳ껣Լɬ
ţôˣ̫սѼҲϫԺһע̫սͷϡ
Ѿ֪̫ս̫֮ʱսĵط˲֪ǿߣеǿ߸ǽǵĴƬռ֮УĵȴԵȥ
Դ̫սΪΨһһͨ;ʱÿһν̫սڶһǿߣ˵õЩУӶһɳ죬пޱȵľӱӵнʸ
˵Ļܶޱȣ˼ȴҲһ̲صȻ⣬ԵúޱȵġҩʯﶼԼõܾˣ
ˣɣΪ֮ƣǽΪΪҪԱûУ̸ֺȥѼϣϫֹԼֻ̫սǿߣֶس硣
Ͼֻн磬̫֮սУӵԱ֮
ϫյǣԼڵƬڣױ񷣬ӭ٣Ҳûʲô
Ϊٹף׽ٵһ֣ױ׽٣ֻҪǿ󼸱ֹ
̫սڳʱγ˫״һԼͳѣһ׽٣һһ⣬κεʧ
ѰһΪȫĵطҲ˳ϫ񲻵òԵһ⡣
ҪƷʡҪѼֺϡҪ硢Ҫ̫սеվһǿĲпᾺ
һ̣ϫͻȻӿһΣкбǿѹ
ڴʱѾһһˣϼַչݱȫеʵıӻһУԾóϫ˾裬ľҲð
Դ˿̵ٴθܵ޴ڵΣѹȸУϫǵû˶磬¶һ˿Цݡ
ԼϤĽ࣬Ϥһжսһжδ֪ҲֻѹȸʮĽŷΧУܱԼȥŬϱǿ
ͬ߷һִһɽɽ֮˾ʧȥĿ꣬ʱͻȻһߵɽ壬ܹȥĶ־
γˣ
һ̣ϫĵõһɱ䣬һϴ񣬻ٴγ־
ΪԲһΣΪѰʧٵĸĸΪȥ˸·ϣһʧң˷


437 ֮
һ֮
ˣ
Ȼڴһ˿ڴĳϫ
üͷһ壬ϫȡһƣƱ̻Ű˵̶ȣ̣ʱָĿ̶
ǳҲһ̫սУ֮ڷԲʮ֮ڵķΧڣӵƵ֪õ
ôҲϣЩĵܹŽһ𣬹̫ͬսڵգ˶Ҫùһȥ
Ҳ֪˭ƣΣգʣΣȥΪá˼ţϫվӡ
Ƭ֮һĨ⻮գɶݶȥ

˵һվޱȵɽɽ¹ˮһ޼ʣԿգˮʾֳļµĺɫİ
ɽۣ֮ӰΪ׵һŮۣͷڣ˿̣ˮɣɢһ֮Ϣǵ۰СʸӰ
ԱߣһϮۣ̬Ųү
С֮ĺΣ𣿡үͻȻʵ
ʸӰͷ伸ʣ֮ȷ̫սеأΪ֮㹻󣬲ܴΣҲܵģ֮Щδ֪׵أ涼ҪСȻõһݲȱͼҲûܰȻ
үͷ֮ǰҲǿƷ⣬˳֮ŷǻʸӰƣټ֣˵Ҫ֮̽ա
ŻʸӰĻҲȷһݱͼϾ˼ǵʵŮ̫սڴڵĸֽءص˽⣬ֻ±κ˶Ҫ
Ҳ֪˭ִܵϾƵĲֻڷԲʮڲܸ֪õһֱûҪȺܳһӣү˵
ʸӰüһ壬֮ɷɷӰԪת״̬㣬Ӧɷһʱ䣬죬֮û˵Ǿͳ
үһˣ
ʸӰҧӣ̾û취֮ıͼֹӵУǿֻҲʱУһʱ䣬ȥҲ̲ʲôô
ʱܿȥ
ʱ䣬үǿߣԦŶݹ⳯һǿߡ
ЩһһΪǿ֮еʿɢϢȳϫǵȴڣүȻ첻µز£ɼôǿ߷ӵҲһ
ȻЩ˽Ϊ֮ǾȺӣȺûһǵжġ
϶ԣͻʸӰһˡ
ҵǣЩ˵Ŀרһƺڽ֮ǰٽ֦үͻʸӰҲδյź졣
Щ쵰ôһϢأôǿ߶ӵƫƫȴûǴĵӣүҲɱý
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ʱԶߣһڵѸٷŴ
ȻǳϫˣʸӰһ绨ƵĴ߸һ˿Ц⣬ϳϫһ֮ʲô飬Ҫеࡣ
гϫһڣҶԽ֮ʮ㰡үҲЦȻԳϫʵġ
ԭС֡ϫɽϣ΢Ц˵
ͺáʸӰһ۳ϫֶԷϢһЩо֮࣬ҲԽ֮ġ
ϫ˴ټҪȥ֮̽գ׼ʸӰѵ
֮
ϫҲĳɺ˵طһƬɷλ̫սеһռڣ󣬺ޱߡ
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һУνǲɱһŲͿУ
Ȼ֮ȻΣգȴ̫սĸʢһأֲŸֺġҩԼԶǿߴżؾȵȡ
û⡣ϫЦЦҲЩڴ
Ǿͺãļ룬ǿ϶ԴһʣʸӰЦ˵꣬Ӵ﷨ȡһϾɵƤͼ
֮Ҹʸݲȱͼͼʾ֮ϷҵƬǵ̽жӦðȫࡣ
˵ţʸӰƤͼϫү
ϫĿƤͼϣע˴Ŀĵĺ㣬Щ㶼׵أݺɫǳ׵صΣճ̶ȣִɫɷĺΣնߡ
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еͼð£ܱҴǿࡣүݵͼļֵǮҲ򲻵ϡ
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һʮɳıڰУܲ뵣ԼͨȴɢһɲɺĳϢȻһΪķз
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ʸӰЦҸƵıֻôһ㻹Ǳκϣˡ
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֣ô֪òãݣǧ۵Ĵû˵ȥܶ˵ģ
ү˸ۣŽ͵ⱦǶ⼶ķзٶȿɴﵽű٣ڴķĻԵֵʮǿߵȫڤʿһʱҲơ
˷ǧϻй󡪡ڣһ֮൱ǿȫһɱʿ翳в˰ɣڤʿԾڵҪԿ
ôϫһүΪζǧ𱦴ģ˭ֻҲĶѡ
һߣⱦȻȴһ׶ˣһʱҪȼյʮӤһʿӵУֻҲ֧ŲġʸӰЦ
һʱʮӤ
ϫһڻʸӰĲƴ֣ҲϨӵһǧ۵ͷⱦҲֻлʸӰλ۰СŮĵӵеĲ죬϶ᱻⱦեһա
ಣ
ڳϫ֮ʣԶĲ£һֻ˫ľ޴ƿնٶ֮죬Ȼǧۣ


438 ѷ
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ԶĲ£ͷ޴Ĵ˫ᣬһŶˣɳۿǺȻһͷ鲼۵ľ޴棬ɢϢ
ǧۣǻʸӰɣԱվ꣬Ϊĸߴۻ룬ĿɨӣĮ顣
ԱߵļҲһϢǿ͸һɾ֮ɫƣѷɫΪ׵ꡣ
ʸӰһȻô¥ںΪУ
ߣ֮ڣǧҪϣ򶨽ˣͬǧһˣе¥һߣʹµľ޴ѸٳԶȥ
һŰүƲ
¥Īǿߣϫ˼
ǰ̫ս֮ǰĳɺÿ׼һڲ̫սеһЩϣһжһЩܡ
Щϰ֮ʵǿֳСͨһĸȼ
С࣬ռҡ
ͨռĳɡ
ʣµһɣһͶһ߸ĿΪϡ٣
ֻͨѣһǣ˵Ͷˡ
Ȼһгϫںߵܾͣʲô̫սУֻиӵеʵžһС
ܳϫںںʾϢȻͨȴ
ѩӥȵȣЩͨһеĴǬ۹Ҳ֮һЩԹ
ЩԶĳɺصȦ˳ϫˣһ̫սҪСЩǿѰƱ
¥ǿ֮һ˴ν̫սʮˣ¥ҲǵеٮٮˡʸӰЩأƺû뵽û֮˳ˡ
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ϫЦЦʸӰ˵ģΪ˺ΪԼ˭ΣգҲԲԹ۵ġ
˵ʱԺвʸӰаԲһ䣬ֻһ⣬ɱܻܵʸ˳ݣŹֻҲŹҡ
лˡʸӰͻȻЦˣϸһĨţģҴȻڶУûһѣѾȡϵȽ֮Ǿϡ

ϫԺ˲両йϣ߸һ֮һ˴ν̫սʮǿߣʵǰһ֮
ͨһĿγƽȵѹϵôϫĻʸӰһۣȴǰ̾һ
ϱѰأһ㶼ʮΣգϾһģûйԼ׷⣬ͬ顣
һʵӦòԽȥ£ʸӰôˣѹϵγɣǻʸӰȥϵġ
˵Ĳпһ㣬ͲѹϵͶ
ϣ²ɡϫٴ̾˿

쬣
ǧٶȿ磬˲Ϣ֮䣬ӳǧ֮⣬գۣѾʧߣѰٲټ
̫սǺبڶС֮һϣ˭Ҳ֪便ж
֮
һƬɫɽǰضֳһѪĺɫУһƬѪܵսĿġ
ΪرǣƬɽĲ֮£վȻѿһ޴ޱȵѷ죬֣ɴܣڵļ£ʮﷶΧڵĶֻҪӽᱻһգû죬ûϢĺ
һռѷǽ֮ΨһڡֻѰһ֣ܰȻС
ʸӰһָԶǿռѷ죬ĿƵ
䣬ϫָָ̧ǰһ㡣
ŶʸӰүԾȵؿ˳ϫһۣ˶̵ʱڣҲû취Ѱҵص㣬벻ϫһ۾ͷֱݶʵ˳Ծ
ϫЦЦǿռѷڳ֮ںĵǰʱѴ֮ڸɵ⣬Ȼܹһ۾ͷֱһС
²˳٣ʸӰ֣ǧ۴ͷλãȻģâۣ۳һţɢļµĻϢ
ڣү۾һ
䣡
һը׾գһӿֱڿռѷıص㡣
һѷһ̶һ֪εͨӲ˳ͨһƬ
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ǧųϫˣ˲ͨڡ
Ǭ֮
ڴʱڿռѷ츽ԶĵطһȺ꣬Ϊһָһնһ޴Ӱǰ۳Σɵأ˫âһֱӽǰѷһƴͨ
ͷȥʸӰͫһ̫廪ݣ

ʱǧҲ뵽ͨС


439 ɱ֮
̫廪ݣ
ϫԺжʱ˭ˣ̫廪ݳѩʳȺ˫ѩһ޿һһˡ
佣ʦأǬΪ޼᲻ݣΪѩ꺱Ľţҫ˫
һϫҺԵ
Ҫ֪̫廪ݿѩУ䱾һ˵Ľޣ벻ϫעⶼѡ
Ȼ˵һɣȽգ˻ϣûʦţΪʦûж֣ΪУֱ죬ѩһУһ֣Сգ֮
үƺҲ̫廪ݵһЩ飬̾ɫһ࣬üСһ޽£Ҳ֪᲻ΪУһֻҲֻгܺһˡ
ϫӣЦѣһﻹ濴Լ
ȻϫҲû뵽ǣʸӰȻҲͬүĹ۵㣬ͷ˵ϫҲǽޣ˽ͨľ磬һСշͻܹѹģҲֻгϫˡ
ϫű֮ǰҲƳһ̫ͨ廪ݣϵĽг֮⣬Ƕ붥޵֮ĽӦһ𣬲ѣǵˣеѡ
ಣ
ҰȻǧѳͨһ嫵󺣵С
һϫ͸о˱仯·˶ҵʱڣãϵ֮ǰϢиŲɷԪΪ֮һ٣תٶȶȻ½һ
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֮֮ϣŹ쫷磬һߴǧɵľˣκˮգֳһֿŰ״̬ں˷ˣ龰֮
Բȥã֮ϣ쫷硢ˡɷûһƬĵط
֮Ȼ粻һ̫սдڵĴ󲿷ֽҲһǶߣ֮һͷޣѹˣүĿһɨܣɾ
̫սһЩУȻҲռ䵱У֮ƴϿ϶硣ʸӰ˵
ɷȻںһˡϫ̧֣ƺܵεĴڡ
㾹Ȼܸ֪ɷүͻʸӰЩȣ󲿷˶֪֮ɷ߽֮󣬸ܲɷĴڡ
ɷͺԶҩʴʿģȵʱѾܵɷݱˡ
ǿԸܵϫҲ֮ѿڤʿؼֲĸϢȻ쳣ɷȻغΪһ壬ӵùĸ֪
һֱܷɷܣ
Ϊֻͬкܹȡү̾磬ױû˭ͳϫӴʱ䳤ˣŷһﲻչֵֶΣԼĿ࿴С
ಣ
ԱߵУ̫廪ݵҲ˽
ϫĿ⿴˹ȥ
Ⱥ˹ˣΪ׵Сճƺŵѩһһ̫廪ݣľ£ֱִòȻͨһȴޱȣ֮䣬գ
Ϊ׵̫廪ݣҲǧϢɽˮᵭ磬Գڶǿ߲ӵеǿʵ
ڳϫ˿ǵͬʱҲ˹ɫĮ͸һ˿ƺ͵⡣
ߣҵɱ֮˵̫廪Ƴһ۳ϫˣԸһ䣬㼴ˣӶȥ
ʲô̫ˣ̫廪ݵԶүƲֹ
ʸӰûѵھͺǴһܲɣ
ɱ֮Ī֮еһ죿ϫȴǰע̫廪˵ݵС
ʸӰãǾȻҲΪɱ֮ģ
ϫүһɻæ͵Ҳ֪̫ս̫ʱսĵط֪жǿĴУѰĵط
ɱ֮˵ս֮ϱ֮أǿ̫һһЩϡޱȵÿһļֵ޷
Ȼйɱ֮Ĵ˵Щ󣬲ϵȷ̫챦ν֮ĿģͬҲѰٵصı
˻ʸӰĽͣϫүʱȻжԾѣ֮ھȻһǾȻ˵û˵
ɴҲ֪ϢҪˡ
ʸӰΪСŮȻǷȱκϢϫүͲͬˣ̫ս˳֪֮⣬һĨڣǻʸӰ֮һУⱲֻҲɱ֣֮˵ǰȥ̽Ѱˡ
ˣȻ̫廪ݶ֪ɱ֮Ĵڣǻ᲻֮ʿҲΪ˶Ļֻ»ἫΪҡүü
ڵȴϫ쵱УǼǿߣԶΪ˽֮ЩȫĿɱ֮ϣȥϵıʱȻᱬһսǵȲпľֻһ붼ͷƤ顣
ϫҲüͷ
ҪõܲһЩأжȻǳΣգҲֵܴ󣬱Ͼǿ̫ǿµջֻû˭ܹܾ
ʸӰ⣬˵οһϵ˴֣Ѱ̲ô


440 ̫
үһЦСӵòˣҲȥһƣɱ֮к֮
ϫȴһ̾ǲ޳ȥɱ֮̽գЩԼ˺ʹѹϵ
ʱҲʺ϶˵ʲôʸӰҪᣬΪҪǣⷬ˼Ʋģûм֮ǰһж޷ȷһʵԵĲ̫أǾͳСоˡ
߰ɣȥֻϡ
ἰ֮ʸӰзһ˿ʣƺЩȲλǿ߻档
ৣ
ǧٴ𺽣쫷;ӿȵ֮ɳ˲֪
֮ϵ龰ɲκӹ죬ˮף¡¡ݣһִ񱩵쫷֮ϯ֮ܺϣʣѲĶɲƬضҳһƬ硣
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ҵǣһ·оգҺܿǾͿһҰС
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ʸӰǧۣͳϫүȴʱ˵ϵա
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ʱͻȻĻƶ˷飬һɭȻƥĽ£֮ܵʯ˺һѷ졣
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ִֹҹڳϫУκĽƵܣȻҲ֮е顣
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һˣ֮ӣһ⼶ǿߣʱһʻ֮ʼ˵еɱ֮̽ȥ


443 籩
֮ϣ쫷ŰſգԽ룬Խӡ
ںغе֮۳һ磬غ֮䣬ʿǱУֻ˲ͻᱻһĸʬɲ֮
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ڽ̫սʱĿ꣬Ҫ֮Ůº磬Ҳ֮С
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ʱԶϣͻȻһǺǦƵĺ򣬸ķ˼ǰе·
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444 ȭ
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ԣֻʵսеĥ²õʦκιֻͨʵսļ飬֪С޴©ͽвȱţȥߴݼ
ԼǰһֱԹԲĥ;Ǿ͸쳵̸ֽûʲôˣԶ޷һȫó
ϫһɱһ߸֪ȭϸ΢仯һɿӿͷһֻȻʣͨ͸о
ڶȭеĳϫȻûвԼѲ֪嵽˺Ⱥ
ţϫǼһҪʲô룬ƺЩðհϾԽʵԽǿһϫӰҪʧںȺүвһЩġ
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˵ʲô˵һ飡һﶼʱˣóϫ̣үʱŭȵ
޺òŭЦӴҿϫ仹аѵǲ
үǰݵӣԣٰ಻סŭ𣬱ҪȥݺǷĻ쵰ȴʸӰ
ˣ޾Χ£֮Уɱʤɱʱˣ鶷죿ʸӰü
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ˣ޺贽߲ɸһ˿ЦݣһţͲóϫںȺء
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ʱԶķ籩Уشһ죬ըףҰƺƵ
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ǺϣȻƿһ޴ޱȵĿתþ޷ֺϡ
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445 ɱ
ܿ죬ɫָ߰ɣһ⺣籩ʱԽãֻᱻ
ȷ˵ϫһȭ֮ȻɱڶຣԶķ籩УԾУϢǿ󣬼ʵڻ֮ͥϣȽʿĴڡ
仰˵֮ǰնɱкʵֻϸˡ
һݣٶ룬׷׵ͷ
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ȳ˽󣬶һѼ׶ݺݳ籩ȥҪͻطӳ졣
ʱȥһ·ɱһ·ɳۣѾ˺в֪Ǻ籩ȻûйȥԾϯأ쫷ŰӿĺԽԽ
һЩγǿ壬ͳͬڷ籩߮ѲɱΪʳ
ϫԪļ󣬲Я鵤ǳ֮࣬˰Ӥֻǳ嶯ʹã̫ҺǲԪġʩչһЩǿɱеĻ̫Һ㹻ͣɱ¾֮ˡ
ȭԽǴ죬ԽĵԪҲ֮࣬ÿһȭȻҪĵɵԪ
Ҳ˵ȫΪֻܹȭҪȫԪȴҪķѵʮ̫Һ
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ģӱɣڣϾɱ֮ϣɲֻһˣһЩҲˣǡóϫԿЩ֣仰˵ϫʵԽǿɱ֮ñĻԽ󡣡
𵭵˵ʵҲǿҵɱϫʵ֮ǿ󣬳Ԥһɳһ뢣ʱɱѣڣһԼɿصķΧڡ
̫ӹȻ㣬˺£ȷ䵱ڻңΪǳ󣬴˼ˡ޺ЦŹά
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Ϊ˵ǣЩɱĺѪԪûɢϫױɵˣ
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446 ˮԳ
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Сģ֮ϱȽǿĺ֮һϿɶ죬¿뺣ʵͨʿɱԶԶ籩֮гֵʸӰѵ
Щͨ硢ˮֵ⣬۳˱Ԫ飬硢ˮִҲв档ٻɫһһ׹ǳһ磬ʣֱӺ֮Уݺݽɱ
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ѪԪΪãĹЧֱ죬˵Ϊκβ棬ֻҪܹ㹻ľѪԪȴϫø޾һսʱֱһ̨֪ƣĿûʲô
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447 鱮
ˣͿԿһͷˮԳ˸ߣһ㣬֫ƤëŨܣ˫ͫࡣ
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һˮԳڣҲһűԪ飬̺ˮִ壬ֵҪ޴Ϊˮݣִ໥ųĵ⣬ȴ̺һűԪڣԵüΪͺҲˣüֵȻҪߡ
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顭
ʮͷˮԳһնɱ֫ѪɣѪȾգء
⺬ŭһɱˮԳ֮󣬲ûеԪ飬ˮԳҲŷˡ
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鱮ͨͨû֣Ҳûͼȴ̺֮ˮԳһ壬Ǵвһ˿⣬Է
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448 ׹
֮Ũ֮ĿռԼռѷ죬һЩǿĺ̾Уޱȡ
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ŮҲһɫ仰ģȴԼϫ϶õ˲õıʱǧһЩͨɫŪǣ
ʸӰүһۣн԰⡣͵ǣóϫôɺã
ϫıȴ˵ϣĿһɨˣ΢΢һЦԥʹλ˵ĳپܾ
˵գһѶһ߸ߵ鱮߲ܲۼ޾µϴɢһɳϺϢ
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ͫȻһԶ鱮ļֵڣһʱ֮ӿһĨŨŨļ֮⣬޲óֽΪС
ʸӰүɫҲһĨ޺Ľ֮ɫ鱮У̺һֺĴ尡ֲûᱻˮԳһΪʥ


450 
˾֮̾ʣ޺һתͻȻڵ֣ҾҲҵȵĹ̫ͣӵĹûѹȺҲЩˮԳΧɱ
˶٣˵ҿ鱮̫һʱ䣬͵̫ӵԮ֮ˣ̫Ӳа壬赹ԣ㿴Σ
ԣκĽơٻƽԿ𣬶ȴҡͷЦѣûƴǣҲûлؾֵ̬ζ
ʸӰүȴɫһ֪޺ػģǹҪϫ֮ìܡ
ִ˻ʲô˼ʸӰü
ʲô˼ѵҵϫƨɣѵӦñʾһ£ȱ˵顣οҪҲֻ֣ǽ豦һ۶ѣѵ򵥵Ҫ󶼲ܰ쵽ô޺Цѡ
ʸӰҪ˵ʲôȴϫҡͷ
ţ϶ֵע⣬԰ɣϫе鱮ЦЦ˵
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һɲǣϫһˣֱ罣̿գɢȻ֮ɱ⣬ƽȴףѵԼһ㣬ͷ顣
㣡޺豻첱Ӵ֣Ȼŭϫһ죬һ֪ҵ³жң
Ҿ֪жϫͻȻǰ̽־ͳ޺ץȥһ·ϣĲֱӵ˼£ֻаɱˣܳװһᣡ
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ʱˡ
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ֹ䣬ĳóϷϫЦ˵ʱѽ鱮
ųϫЦɫƽȴһһ˿ɱƺ̲סҪ̶Գϫ֣ɱԷǿ鱮
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ߣ޺Թɨ˳ϫһۣҲȥ

ϫղΪҪ鱮óˣҲô鷳ˡ뿪ʸӰʵ
óĻЩһֻ»ڰ·Ͼ̲סҶ֡ϫ䣬߷һ˿⣬͵ǣ߻һĴ޺裬ʱ򾯸һڽɱ֮ǰٲ
үʱҲ׹Цֻܵǧģûǧշģִ˾٣ǵȷ˲鷳
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ΪҪǣķ񲻳ѣһ־ǳǧʮǵء
Զһ߼ʵġơȻķȺʱγɵĺƴ
ô˵ɱ֮ѾԶˣһĻʸӰϲտȻʣ˷֮ܵУķֱ֮ɱ֮ϡÿķ֣Ҳζžɱ֮Զˡ
ܿ죬޾ҹĻյĺɫӶ˰֮⣬ޱȡ
ѳУߣҲһȥʸӰһӣǧۺһ˷ӭͷޱ޼ʵĺɫгȥ
ˣ
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黯ָүȷһָӿգƬķɷĩ׹ա
ʸӰҲȻַ֣裬һƽɫϼľգצǧɣ嫣
ͬһƷѧǻʸӰԳʵĻҾѧ
ĺʵ̫ˣǰͺ̣ͷȫԸֻʱ֤Σѡ
ױӾ죡ϫʱų֣𵽵Ҳ
ֻһչžУױΪģɢȥĺ並һӴױУʱ촷ۣѪԪΪůϤɽϫڣĵ
ͨһɷʽģǰ˻ϣһʺȺĴɱС
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ţǰˣ񲢲ǡ֮࣬ϫǰĺȺ⣬һһģҲսȴǣΪǰȺˣֻˡ
һ·ɱȥܿ죬ϫǾͿȺˣʵΪǿģᣬԶǴ˴ν̫սǿߡ
ǿһһŮʹһǹǹƴ󿪴ϣָأ̳ǻԣƲɵƾס
Ůʹһ䵶⼤ԵĻ棬Ե֮նճһƬƬۡ
ǿߡʸӰϳ˵ݣʹȻϵóݡ
˿˽֮ˡүͬҲ֪Ϊ˴֮ĳޣڽ̫սʱ˴жѳ˳С
ͻΧҪҪǽӴϷӹȥϫϵʱĺУٺЩһ﷢ֻ»᳹ʧ
ʸӰҲ֪̬Ͻǧۣɿ쳯һȥ
ʦ֣һұ
ܲãѱΧ죬ΪǣҲͻƿڣټȥֻᱻȻʱһƳǧۣһ


451 ٱ
䣡
ѹѹĺȺУǹһһâ̻貣ԭĺ˲䱻һɨգʱҲǧۣһɭȻȻǴǧۣ˿ϱһǻʸӰˣ
˽һ¶ŨŨ⣬벻ʱ򣬾ȻԼͷ
׷ȥǴ뿪ô˻ᣬǧۣϣѾ֮ãЯ˳ĵҩֻѱΧܶǧۣɱΧĻҪࡣ
ԣǵǧۡҲףȥļʺܸߣԸȲ
ಡ
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Ҳܣһױֲִ̫̺壬һ·ɳۣһ·ֻܿҲᱻױУúһ³
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Ͻ߰ɣѾĺȺֻ¾ɱ֮ѾԶˡֻҪɱ֮ǾͺǷֿʡüķʸӰЦЦ˷˵
ϫ˵ͷȴֻµɱ֮׷Լ뿪ˡ
һ˺˻֮󣬼·

뿪󲻾ãǱӰӺѹѹĺȺд˳ˡ
ɶûгԹҧгݣɫ粻ΪһһȴϫѹһͷмΪջ
ǻʸӰߵ꣬Ӧǳϫһһˣ˵ʵת֮»Ըһü
ߣվͨܺһȣ۾гһ죬Ҳǰɱ֮̽գҲҪǰǿ߻ϣʱҪһᱨ˴˳𣡡
ǿ߸һ֮һǿڡ۾һ׷ʵʦ֣ʱϵһģ
һ˿֮ɫȴƵ߻ʦ֣ʦͬʦֵĵӣҺͬʦֵأҾͲɱ˳ϫ
˵⣬Ŀһɨһ꣬˵²˳٣ͳĺ䱻Ϊ֮ǳֵĵطȻɱ֮Զˡ
ţ˽Ե˵ͷԶӶȥʱˣȴеҡ


452 ǿ
֮ϣ쫷ӿεա
ϫڿдУԳķķ֮һ·ҲǿޣǺˮԳһĴڡ
硰׹㡱ͷˮꡱħ衱ȵȣĿ󣬳ϫҲһ·ɱȥӲɱһѪ·
ˣϫǵõ˲ٺô
ЩƤëڵıԪ飬ԶǼмֵϣеĿΪ鵤еĿ;ڶࡣгϫҲѼܹƷʵĲϣҲջķᡣ
ٴͿ׼ƷǰԸֲϵҲΪ̡ĿӴƷҲҪ󼫸ߡһ·ѼϫҲֻ˲ʮ֮һĸֲ϶ѡ
ͬʱϫҲʶ֮գĺȺӣָǧٹ֣һ־һƬѹѹǧƣƣʮƣ
ԽֵĺʵԽǿϫ˲ٿޱȵİϢ纣Ԩֱȵʵ
ЩΣյĴڣϫǶܿƵУҵЩƶǱޣЩССϺһ·ϵҲоգû⵽Ĺ
룬̫жһصıƴСƹף׭ַƣһ㡣ããѰɱ֮ġ
ɱ֮ҵˣͻȻסӣ̧ͷԶк͸һ˿ܡ
ԣһ̧Զ
أ
ϫɢԼʶ͸оԶĺϣսŽǰĲԻԼһѪս̫֮ս顣
ɱ֮ڵˣ
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һȥɱ֮֮ϣһŨĴƮ۶ɢ˿嵺ϵʵ
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һĻ˶һľһṦѣĴǿ߾Ͱˣǳϫ֣ҵģֱ˲̶ӡ
еҲ¶ɫ˼ɡ
ǿ벻ҲΪԶħĺˡտȻüྦྷɢĿ
ϫĿһɨˣ˶¶ɵ֮ɫѩǿߣȻԼȴٲһĶһȺǿߣʼնԹۣûκγľٶ
ȡЧϫŸо԰һЩ
ɱ֮֮ͻʸӰү˵ĴͱòڵлѰػģǡ
Ҫʱı־棬ֻԼչֳԼǿͰԵݺһ˷õؼɵ
Բ֮ǰһĻĻ
˵ǻܵ¥شī裬ûκαΪľʱڣԴݿĹѹ֣ܶսǿҵ𺳺ͳ
һޣݣοǳϫһ֮һ̷Ĵǿߣ
⣬ͽ塣

ûȴһϫʵͬľޱȣպȻɳΪƿһľ뢡ԶȺУڵ̸
ϧǴĶǿ߶ڣ̫Ҳǰ̫սһѰؾȥˡֻڣҪɱˡѡ
ߣǳϫѾôУҲһȽż֮Ѱ֣Ͳһϫ
̸ģԶ֮һǿߣƺݣֱڣҲû˲ĸġ
ߣȻҲˣǴǬĳж쵽ˣ׳۰
һͬһˣ˸͸ų޵Ĺâ໥Ҳż֮ζԸϫˡ
ϸӳϫ̤ɱ֮󣬸ֳ㣬׷׳֡Ǭѩټ϶ԳϫػĵĴ̫𡢴̫Сֱ֣ƵϺˡ
˾Ҳɱٽӿݡ

ϫûɱǣԭܼ򵥣һɱˣǾЩ˱޷̵ģʱⲻ˻ᷢһս
ֻҪͶһ˿أԼ˵ĴΪ
֮ϫˣտʼȷɱ֮󣬻ǴŹǡϾΪˣȥŭˡ
ϫϫүԿ޵
û¾ͺãοллˡʸӰҲЦ˵ޥģ³ղųϫΪľǸıԼ˵ĴȻжѡ
Ȼʱȫˣɲܴ⣬ղҹ۲ܣͬǱǴĳУҪСⷢ⡣ϫЦЦĿƳԶȺһۣǴǬǿǡ
үͻʸӰͷѶԳϫֳóϷͽȻҲƴӡ
Ź֣ɽڱⲻʱӣһ̫սʱıΪδҲȥ׷𣿡ϫЦЦĿΡɽڣʵ
ղѴ̽ǵִɱ֮ʱһ˽УˣЩͨ飬Ѳ񣬲ұû֮أʱ̫飬һӽͻ⵽µĹʸӰ͵
ˣϫ
飡
ʱΡɽڣһӰŨͨһ£ɽ⣬˺ۣѪ죬¶Ƥļµĺ
˵ײײҪȻ͵һƬɵգʧֻһĲҽ쳹ؼ䡣
ˡһĻڳͫһɫ࣬ȴţȻ֮ǰѼĳ
żھȻΣգֲû˸̤ءϫżڵԼвʱֵһ⣬о֡
ɱ֮Ȼһ˴ѵı⣬ͬҲһħߣƸΣղ棬ҪúôȻҪĴۡ
ϫҲ֣˾̤ܲżڣƺżڵȴʲôһ
¡¡
ڳϫиոͷΡɽڵżУٿȻһ貶Ŀ̫֮գǬżڵʱӿ׷ɢ
֮䣬Ũɢ룬δʧֻǱϡ֣Ѿܹ˿ߵ龰
ʱڵˣŨ⣬ż֣ΣҲ󽵵͡Ⱥһɧ֮ƺһĻˡ
ߣ
ͻȻӰһչ¶ԭͣգһণŰޣٿȻżڡ
գżգҲöˡ̫дЦһҲɳżȥΤա̷塢ԼǿҲȥ
˼ˣҲ׷жһӰӶȥΨһͺͱʧ֮ۡ
ϫǣҲУɼƹ⣬⴫̫ս䱦żС
գۼ䣬ΡɽһƬһˡ


457 
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һƯ֮ϵĴ½
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żڹ󣬽գƣƬطŻ֮ɫʣ֡
ĵһƬѪݹĴϱڡԫһޱȵķ棬˵µ߲
ˣ
ͻȻһӷгһ磬գƶȥһ⼸ǴԷġ
ű׷һȺŴУӿնһ׷ȥȱͨ飬ܻãԼֵǡ
ȻǱڶࡣϫһɨѿһ磬һͭƬ⼣߲ܹ¶࣬ԣƵǺ
ɻǣѵսʱıﶼ֮
Щﶼͨޱȣһ鲼ƬżУ仰˵ﶼ
ǰߵͻȻתͷ˵ҪһȴΪѣϲСҽ飬ҺһѰٽһһ䣬֤˴˶ƽΣ
̫˵ǣһжġ޺ȱ̬˵κĽƺٻҲ᲻ͬˡ
ʸӰүԥһ£ԿϫҪѰע⡣
ˣһ˿⣬һű㼴ָЦţ˵ΪΣ
ϫͷȻԣ֣ⱦﻮǷܸһЩ
ߣ̫ӵݣռˣδҲ̫߿Լˡ޺Ц
ϫֻǰĿ⿴𣬸Ͳ޺裬һĳ䣬ûа塣
Σһ֣˭͸ƾ£Ȼǰǲ໥ɱһ˵
ϫһá
ʹ죬ֻҪЭòűˬЦƺܸˣľͲö֪ˡ
һ˱㳯ż
ϫǰĽ飬ƺЩԿӵаΪ̣һд޺ϣǲˣһչ黹ռЩһ·ү˵
ȷԼԶЩʸӰҲ˵
޷ᱦѣ˶ٲҪϫЦģҼȻôӦ;ԲǴ
ǾͺáϫѿȫүͻʸӰŷġ
һ࣬ҲڴˣֻҪű˾ǣסˣʣµĽҾˡȻϫʵǿסҲǿԼҲҾˡ
˵⣬𴽱߲ɷһ˿⣬мϫһҲµҵ⣬Ͳ²ЯıУɲֻһ
޺һʵ̫ӣһʱɱطսô죿
ǾͳɱԥɭȻӵʵѳҵԤǲΪã͵
޺һ˷ܣת
ȻҲһЩ֪Ϊɱϫ˼ƵͷϣǿɾͱҲˣƳһ۴޺裬˵в֮ʮ㡣
ǵȻ̫ӷģҾԲƻļƻġ޺пһЦЩǿ

ɱ֮ϵżΪƴһֱͨؾͷ˻Ͳһ쵱С
ϫһ룬̫ŴƬϿ꿦죬·˵ս
Уʱܿһɳʧվͷһжء
أ
ͻȻǰ߷뵣صĲһ˳һɫ޽ǣƿ棬ֱϾ⡣
òȻܸǣѹ֮һһǿű׷һȳ
ۺ죬֧޽ǾԺޱȣ죬ܹ϶ѵõı
ڿն̽һԪ֣޽ץȥ
飡һײ죬ıץסˣɫ޽뵱⣬ѤöĿԪȴ𿪣ɢ
һץ֮Ȼκβһ
һ֣ˣȷֵ޽Ǽֵˣȫһ֣ϼգ޽ֶȥ
ͬʱǷɢаҪ޽ǵ·
䣡
Ȼɫ޽Ʋһɢ޾⣬貶ĿȻֱӴգ˲һ˼Զ񷣬ٶ̫죬գ۲
ǿı
ɫ޽ǣսʱЯıͨǿѱ
ź֮ɫ޽Ǵǰӵȴûκΰ취
ϫҲľǿ֮ٶȳɫ޽ǵٶһȣѷɫҲ˵޽ǵٶѾ˲ûʲôˣ
ͬʱҲҪһжôˡɣɫ޽Լ˵Ļֻ֡
Ȼڴ˲֪ˣҲһ˾ܹ併ġ
¡¡
ͻȻһҡضضҲݣƽ߾ͷٿȻʢޱȵĹ⣬һֽȽȽأ˻ġ
ãӣﾹȻޣγ޳
ģЩ޾ȻѵЩͨ𣿡
Ͻӣ
ԶһȻٸǿ˻ɫţɫɷףʲôµһ㡣
һ̣·ż˶Ӵܣ̻̲
һ֣ͳ޴󳱣ϫһֱ̫˼ˣ˼ֱš
ǰһȴ֤ʵⶼġ
¡¡ƬżУ𵴣ףϼʢͨأޡݻ۳һƵѸѹƺˡ
ڶǿ߶Ӵܣû˸޳⡣
ϫ۾޳Уаɳľ޴ͨõ򼣬˫ǵصݡߴʮɵĽɫԳÿһɢϢޱȡʱ۳ɺƵ֮ҡ
Ϊϫļµǣ޳󷽣ʮ⣬ġġɫѤͷףʣʢ⾪죡ǺȻһЩ֮
Ȼ޳γɣʮֱʡһˣϫˣ﾿ǺεĴڣ
ӣ޳٣ʱҲ˲һһŤͷӡ
޳ʵ̫ˣ˵ЩǿߣֻǰҲâ


458 ر
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ѪŽһǿ߻Ӵʱһͷ޵ĶǻƶǣɰգѪɽʬغһ˲ͱ޳ѹʧ

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𣡡
һͷӴɽݺݼ̤£ͽ߰ǿ߻˽Զ֣ڸͬке֣ǵȴĲֵǮ
żѪ˱ǣɱ¾Ҳ̶á
ֱһʱ֮龰ɢȥǺƵ޳Ҳߣָ޳ʮҲ֮ʧȥ
»ָֻȴһŨѪϢԶżбѤöĿǻա
ǣȴûôۺˣ෴оޱȣżеһж̫ˣǿ֮޾ȻЩǲǵֱԻûʲô赲
޳ȷɢ޳еǿߣȴ֮ڣʬ棬ѪȾԫ
⣬ɱֱ֮һħߣãȴûҪһвͿС
ϫǱشһƬֱӣãղҲеһԱоյıܿһɱ١
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ϫ΢Ѹٶܣâ磬ӹǰһʮľʯпƽ羵
һϬޱȣ£ѽ֮ںڽƵС
͵Ϯ֮һ꣬һУ㱩˶ȥɴ䣬òˮƺҲʶóϫ
ϫŵӵʩչǿ֮˸ѳǺ
Ҳϫգ羪է֣⻯һƥͬɨȥҪ͵Ϯնɱ

ĽΣͷֹתһǰ䵲סһȴõɳȥء
ţԭǶˣֲø͵Ϯҡͷɢ¶ݣʱͱϫ˳
ˣҲ㲻ˣֲ飬ӿգâ貣ӿٴն¡
ȻǿԶһţǳϫĶ֣³ϫ֮ѱѪͷ˼ڡ
ৣ
ϫٴһɱ
ѾޱȣһһҧеǬŲƷ˲Ϣԭʧ
ǬŲƷϫü̺ռ壬ǵ棬ƲҲûκЧĿƷ֮ǰҹҲƾ˷ӹһٵġ
һУҪϺһЩС
һΰ¹ȥϫ߽˷żз˼޳ѽɣ޳עݷڡ
ǰɽ֣ԶߴվޱȣһЩɽϲʱһƱ⣬ԼԼɱ
ż޳ڴ˻ۣ磬ȴȫࡣƺкܶСϫƲ⣬ԽżӦþԽȫǴżΧ⵽޳Ϯͳײ
ֹһ״˺ѵִˡͬʱϫҲע⵽Զɽдɱ
бýܹȻִģûһߣȫʵֲ쳬
ϢƬɽǰɱ˫в޻ʸӰүϫת뿪żȥ
һ·һֱѰ˵䣬ϧûκҲࡣ
ۣ
󣬳ϫƿһ󶴣㱻˽ࡣܿ㼴ָ
ͬʱұһȭƿգֱӽһ˵ͷ­ϡãԽѪˮѪҿֲ
ɱ
ϫһȺˣʱԴǿߣƻǰɱչֳʵǿ֮
һӵʵǿ֮ǵȴڣΧɱʱϫΣ
䣡
˻һƴ֮˺ĻϫҲ֪УǶðȣȥԸ籩¶ɱﵣֻȫʩչǿ֮һѻһĨ⣬ʱӱܶȥ
ٶȣֻ½̫սڶǿУܺͳϫȼߣ˼׷ϣֻòĵط׷ɱ
Լ˶ϮɱҲ֪С˴Ρ󣬳ϫһɽ߳Զȴֳࡣ
ЩܵǬѩǿߵϮȻ˶ԼɱкüΣҲΣ֮أͱΧɱνǲġ
ҲʸӰĵİΣˡ
Щ쵰겻ɢҸһҪ䳹ЩӵǱϫвһĨ⡣
ţ
ϫЩȣԶһϿȷУʱðϼ⣬ȻǿǱӰһǱѸǱжȥ
Ͽдݲϱڲԫѻܿɳľ޴ʯѲƲʴð߲ʡ
ƺ̫ʱһƴ󹬵Ҳ֪˺εȱʣűģ
ϫСĽ룬Ŀһɨһͫ׾ȻţȻһ
һ覵⣬ڷϼ⣬ɢǧɫǧΪˡ
⣬һ֮⾹ͷų˾˵󣬾챦ˡ
ϫһ񣬲ȴ¾е㵣Լ
ৣ
һ̣ϫȫʩչǿ֮Ӷȥͬʱױ۳ǧױУķ˼ѹ£Ҫ챦
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ԶһɽϣѰʲô
һ˴ֲ£ִòƽƽȴ罣ѩһһˣӵСճƺŵ̫廪ݡ
ţþ˵󣬱Ȼرߣ˭ɱȻر̫廪ݻȻŤͷĿֲĹâˣǱɽȼٷȥ
䣡
˸һƬϿȣȫǿѧͷӿкɽң˺գҪ˵ظûˡ
ϫһŭ˽ҪͷȻ˺һţܲ˾ʹֹ֣Լ챦ŭˡ


459 󽣳
ϿȰУ̫廪ƯԪȣѧӿкϼ⼤Ͽû
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챦ĺܲһ㣬ԾˣڣʩֶΣҲԽӽ
ֻȫΪͷױУҪ챦Ȼһ㽵ȻոһЧ̫廪˴룬ʱ챦Ҳ״ļƻ
̫廪ݶգȻŴֲ£ȴһƣӿ⡣
ϫ˵ѽؽԲ磬ȴԶԶҵĶ֣Ǽ챦ʹ뿪ҿԷһ·̫廪ݼϫ֮˵ĵһ仰ƽ¶Ϊǿš
ϫźǿߣ̫廪ȴһûС
̫廪վʲôʱ򣬶һûʲô鲻ûʲôΪ޾֮УЩ޷ζԼܹսʤ죬أһ
ϫȴЩС
ڸ˵˵Сգҿа׳ղŶԣͫڱ֮ѾɱЩ׷ɱ͵Ϯѱһŭ𣬴˿̼̫廪ݲԼƻţеĻʱͱȫˡ
û˸˵ǰ׳գԼɻ̫廪Įһ̤৵һ֮ǰɸ߿գһѾٶֱӴɱϫࡣ
һŤߣƳƶҪͳԦ񷣬Ų¡
齣̫廪ݵͬһϳ̫廪ʩչĽ
ⲿ̫廪ʦأȻ򣬽ڹأͳԦʱɨ滺ʱָᣬڣᲢã̺ƾⲿ̫廪ݲѩˡСաķš
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ϫƮɣױ绡գʱ˿̣ͺƿĻߡ
ãܺãϫȻܹҵĽ⣬ʵ˷̫ܰ廪ƣСյĳƺţϢǿ󣬡ղţֻʩչһʵܹ֤ĽΪ
ϻϫͻȻ𽣹мҸոһʵδã˵ʵʧʲôСգʸҳ
ʸ񣿡ϫ仰ֱӴ̼̫廪ݣΪСգھѩһǵһ˸ô˵ֱǶһֱ׷Ľ
һȻңҾѪ֮ӿŨɱ
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ৣ
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䣡
ͬʱϫȫһʩչءͷ֮ۡۡǿͨȻһʮɸ߾ˣͷۣüӿһֻĿĿ³Ǭ棬֮
ৣ֮һɨһһ˲Ͷ̫廪ݽеֱ仯ڡ
һ˲䣬ϫʩչԼյͨϤڡ塱Уֱֻ籧̫۳һ̫貵Уױ绡ӿԶԶһ˺ѿһ޴ڶ
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顭
һ㽣˲̫廪ͷ·죬ƺҪɽ֮ڡ
Ϊܴң⼫Σյһ̫廪ȴûоţԤϵϫʵĿ£ƺȻǣȻ˲ǿֹ
Ϊµǣܣ񷭹һ֮ɷ֮գﶼҿ
ϫû뵽̫ʦѾǰˣһͻĵز
ȻƵ̫ʦֶ֮ϫʵҲȷ˵ãֻ֮ͬк֮ԵУϧ̫ʦֲһ󾳽磬ذɡ
̫廪ݵͬˣɫŵ֮ɫһɨգ˷ƺ϶ϫ䡣
ɱ
ͬʱ̫廪չֳǿ֮ͻȻˣһգΪʮƵĽ⣬飬ʮǬ
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ϣͬʱʮ̫һжΪҽâʢ˶޷۾
һ˲䣬ϫ۳ױо;𵴣ɢļ
磿ѱҵ֮ѿŵˣΪͿ͵һϫ߷һ˿⣬ſһ磬һƵĳȳС
Ȼһȡ
һɻ˳ɽҽӿأӿܣǧɽ͡Ǿʯԫϱͳͳ渲ǡȼաٻ
ǡôܣһͨĵӣӵ첻
У̫廪ݾŭ֮ĺС渲ǣһˣѾܵشҪ롣
ϫܷŹлٴ裬ӿⷽԲﻯһƬ𺣡
ϫúݣҶңֻء̫廪ݶʱӶݣҽɸߵͣ΢ֱʧУٻһգʬǶ
ɱ̫廪ݣϫûйпתҪȥնɱ̫廪ݵͬ飬ȻʱͻȻһɿµĲڸض𵴣
ǽ׵챦ţڴʱڱ


460 ׹
䣡
С̫廪ݸǽͨ챦ͻȻɫâ׷ɣһɿµĲƬϿȳ顣ڶ𣬹â纣ضҲ
ã챦ƺŭˣԶУ̫廪ݵͬ飬ڼϫʱͲתӡʱԶԶһĻŵɫһףӵѸˡ
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ʵڽ̫սǰʱ㼴нֻʵܹ̫սľɱ¾ӵԱ֮
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463 ڵл
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ϫɢĿɲϢ˵һһۣҲҵæؾżһ۾Ϳˡ
ԭżϫ΢ɢȥѹȣתߡ
λֿһϫߵ˸ɴ࣬˼æ׷ʣ֪ܹϫ£Ļ˵ȡؾĻὫܶࡣ
һһҲûô˸鷳ˡϫӰ΢΢һ٣ҡҡͷҲͣһ⣬˲ϢʧԶߣĿɿڴˡ
һﾹȻԴʲôʱųϫԶȥӰ˲૵
һü뵽ʲôƬ̺ͫһʧǳϫżɽʱһ֮ĸǿߣ
Աɫһ䣬Ҳ˳ϫݣɫø
ҪȥùļһɣҪôĻ¾ˣɲʲô׵顣

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ƥû㹻ʵǴĻһ˲Ϊֻ
ΪҪǣںܶǿУʸӰǣԴͨӵӡʸǽֻѡҪôӡҪôС
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ΪǾɽ֮ϵУȻ˺ѳƬڵ籩ӣѪڣļ£Խ
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ϣʯڰ߲̮ܲܣ̦·ʴɢزɣϢ¶ׯء
ΪĿǣڴܣһoµĽƣܹ
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ܶĿ⣬̰ĶеӡǶʱȴִһ˿ϧȴֻ

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ΪϵĸǿԽԽ࣬ǿжǶˣӵڡ
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467 ɷּ
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ŰһͨӿһԳƵǡۡˣ
ֻҲֻ󶥼ЩŹҵӵܹ֮Ѱ޷ƾʵѹ
˿һԽսԽµľӰжһĨ֮ɫĶ̲סڣû뵽ϫʵǿȵز
Ҫ֪ɷּɲһıױī̺־ȰʤһȻסˣϫʵͿ֪жǿˡ
ۣ
һ̣ϫȴٴζһѪԡѪңǱ
Ҳ˱𾪵ģԷһЩŶɵķּô׿ģ
ȻˣϫĶ־ȴֺ貣⣬нǧ߿̫ɷּһನƽɽնϺˡ
ˣ
⽣ٰƵƵ£ɷ򱬷ʢ⣬ңǸ¾ͷų֮ϣ𶯡
䣡
ɫɷϱò񷶼ҡڽ죬ϫȻǿ󣬷ˣûȫܿ۵һؿڱһڴѪֻһ㣬ͻˣ
ϫ죬޶ԣս糱񱩣нնǽ𣬲֪Σ˺ڣ˲ڶضòݡ

ɷּضɼϫһôĿͣɷּе㿸ס߿ա
˺Ȼ⽣жôֲȻԿɷּľǣϫȻܶԿɷּڣû˿ѹƵļ󣬶ƺҪˡ
ȻʱϫĽȴ⻪һпʵˡԪĿݽһˣ


468 ڽ
ϫ֮ǰȺɱãʱɷּԿòײŽɷּɱ𵴲ݣչȻʱԪȻݽһˣ
ڳ˶ע⵽һĻźֻ̾һԣֻҪӵг鵤ҩʿȫصĳԪݽߵ״
ϫҲһˣɷּ̫嫣ǵأѹȵʳ鵤ʱ䶼ûУԲȾȾ档
ȻĿǣΪϫԶԵʱ򣬳ϫһ˲Ѹıսʽӿʩչءͷۡ塱ɷּɱȥ
䣡
һɾ޴ӡնƲȻǹ⣬תĴ¡
ͨǶӡ
ⲿͨԶ˴УǶ֮ʦġ塱й֮޲
ҳϫⲿͨϻѵʱҲǰȣǶӡǿڳС硢ǳʮֵ⣬ֶɡɱ¾ֺ壬һֻ֣죬ɫ䡣
ӡɢһɿ²飬ѹô籬ѣѿƵѺۡ
ӡ·ϵǳתֵưѷԲǧڵĸֹâԪգһ֮ڣǵȺƴƣڳ˶һ
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һ֮Ƕӡڼʮء
˺ȻǾ޴ӡǷΧڣʱһƬһƬܲգľססססˮ׽֯绡ͷװ쵣¡¡𵴰˼
ǳϫɱ֮һӽ̫ս֮󣬾һֱãʱһʱȫ
ʲôͨÿֲ
ݣף죬ѵͨǰٵĴô
Ϊﵽ֮ͨض㹻ˣ벻һΪȻҲǿһﻹ𣿡
ңսһߴʮɣͷ۵ľˣжסһκˡ
ϫĵ̫ˣǸеļ£òһһˢ¶ǰжϣɳϫ²磬Ҳ̫սĿУӵһϯ֮ء
Сϵһ˲֮ȻϫչֳֶΣҲɵѡ
Ϊϫʵǿеɱʢ֪ʱȥϫԺԻΪԼĸ󻼣
䣡䣡䣡
£ɫɫɫɫɫһƬɫ쵵ױ󣬳ɷּǶȥ
飡
ɷּҲ⻪˲䰵ǿɲ׺˳ȥ
飡
ײϺըɷּɣùԽԽʢҲϨ֮ơ
ͷƤ飬ⲿ̫ͨˣȻһҪѹɷּģֱ˲š
һĻŭҲû뵽Լ˿ֲɱˣǵɱϫҪٵɷּˡ
֮Ѫ˲ɱֹһ̣ϥأ޾Ѫ⣬ϤӿɷּСպƤһӲ࣬ͷûҰ
һȻƵϧԼԪ;Ѫ׼ˣ
ˣ
ɷּһ¾ֳӯѪɫΣ죬ɢݵϢɱ죬һӱȸղǿһأǴӳ˯оѣ¡¡죬绯ΪһִĿڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫ̫꣬£յķ壬侫ָıŭһ
ɰ֮ϣ־ϣַ£ֻīҲԵϣʱϫðŭ
ֻһ˲ǿմӡͱ޾ɫƲֱӳϫѹ
ֱǿˡϫ촽Ҳòϣɷּʵ̫ɲˣòܿ
ǣǽɫͣ޴ڣǵض£ֱӾͽû޷ܡ
ۡϫʱһƬѵѪǧٿףѪܵشˡʱסͷ­ֻ࣬һĨɱˡ
ϫЩսûҹɱɷּ̺ǹ־ʵ̫ǿ̫ɲˣΪ
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ϫȻɷּŭɫкһһҵӣٴγϫɱ
ϫҧ·ԣ˭ָϣ޷ߣΨпԼѪƴס
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
һ̣ϫƴͬʱʩչǶӡգݺݳɫѹȥ
ײ޾ʢ⣬ɽȺ䣬ޱȣƬضһƬҿ񱩵С
ڳ˺Ȼ̵۾
ǴءǿߣԼȶŵӣеһĲϫʵ̫ǿˣȻԶԿɷּŭɱԶԶǵԤϡ
㷣Ŷսսֲ̫ᲨֻѾͶˣֻϣɷּɱϫ
飡
һӰӳʢâеɳȥӰģѪעһü·ϣҵĳҲմȾѪˮģޱȡ
ǳϫ
һȻյסɷּɱشѪĵزֻ¸Ҳվˡ
һ죬ҿ϶ǰɽնɱ㣡ϫҧȾѪݣֻһ͸ųޡǿ֮ɫ
ǵģµڣڼ֣δʧˣôҪ֮ˡ
˿һξǿӰûһ䣬ǿþ˵Ķ־ֻܹܽɽ磬ɷּ˰ɣ
˱Լ뷨һҡҡͷأϫӵٿµʵϵĶ־Ҳɷּ֮£ɵעǴ˵أٲܼ̫ˣɱɽ磿
ףɷּðˣһ̣˷ɷּ쳣
ѵղһУϫɷּƴ˸ܾˣҲ̧ȥ쳣Ȼһ
ɫѲ԰׵˼£ûһ˿ѪɫٽţһҲɸеһɿ־壬ôˣԼѾľУȻ޷ɱϫ
Ҫ˭ҲȲ㣡ͻȻ񱩺ȣӿ޾ѪɫͷͻȻѩɫݸòޱȣ
䣡
ɷּٴη⣬ȼֻһ¾֣ѪΣɢɱһ㣬ֱɱ¡
ǡȻ߱ƳɷּȫһǴɢɱġ¾֣˸̺ܵĿֲ޲һϣ׹ߡ
ǶоΣϫֻڽˡ


469 һ
һɲǣڳ˶Ϊϫɡ
ΪǡɷּһȻɲޱȣʿֻº֮ߡ
ʱҲ·һ̣û
ϫ̧ͷյ¾ֱպѪԼɱ£Զ𡢴޺ΪԼɣ϶¶˷֮ɫ
СϵȵȣɫмڽмĮƺÿ˶ͲԼ
ϫһͷݾصĹǣһ̣ǳƽѪ촽ЩĿĳУǰĿǴġ¾ϣĿƣдִֺ;ǿ
䣡
¾ͷʢ⣬ûûܿ壬ֻܸоһɰɢ
ȻϫŬ˫տգһױУ˦ֳ¾ֺɱȥ
ϧɷּһֲ̫ʿױײǡ¾֮ȴֽͬİ㣬ױ赲䲽
ϫˣ׻ȥˣη壬߾ȫѹեһգٴκױС
ȻԵ̫ˣ¾ּûܰӰ죬ͳعٳϫͷɱ£
һôϫ̧ͷǴߵġ¾֣ǿɲĨļᶨ־
ձҲκεЭǶԼĲһղ䣬಻
ΣֵʱͻȻϫоؿڳʢޱȣһȣһɿµϢһϼͷţЮסǸ¾֡
ؿһںڶɣϫͻȻоԼڻ¯ȼգƬŶð۽㣬ޱȵĹ̲סʹг嶼ƺҪը
޾ĿϼУϫʹС
Զսһ̾ϧˣ֮˵һҫȴҪ룬϶ǽҪɷּɱ
Ц޺ЦκĽЦǡѩ硢ġǬϫгǿߣЦһ콾ǱΣɷּ־վҪ
ϫʹڼУȴ㣬Ͼǵ˷֮ɫ
źǣ⻪Ŀûܿ巢ʲôճ²⣬ɷּһһ㽫ϫɱ
ϧ̾ȻһţȻ̫ͨս飬ӶŹʣ
ǰһɷֻּڳûܽɱ⣬ͽӢ𣿡
ȴЩ⣬кܶ಻صˣϫ޳ԹʱԶеͬ顣
ôһ䣬ʵ̫ϧˣȻעҪ£Ϊһǿߣ
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쵰ˣ߸ϣܹģϧؾӡ쵰ˣҲ޷ǵʧ޺ЦܹۿϫԼǰоͱж೩Խˡ
ҲΪȻĻϫɣɱһѪɵΪɵķּ̺־£Υߣؽʬ޴³
ֻȻЦȴƲѣɱϫԭΪһ׵飬뵽սڣӴıԴѪԪ׼ԼɱɷּҲĵˣоֵܲá

ʢϼУϫļʰĹؿڣʯ㣬ɢһϼ貶Ŀɢһɾ˵Ϣ
һССָڴСͨ徧Ө͸ʯĥɣǳϫõһ챦
֮ǰڰ׹ǳӵײСȡһʬϵԡ͵ӡһֳŵУؿ¡
Сղϫֻðؿڣ벻ʱȴͻȻѹԼסһ
ͣ
С⣬˿ƣסǸ¾֣Ȼڼȡ¾̺־;УؿںСӣȻһůһɺӿϫڡ
𾪵һĻˣϫǱ鲼Ѫǧٿװɺӿ룬ʼһַɿٶ޸
һ˺ۣʧ
һѪֺȬ
ǶѵĹ˺ľɱĵúذ㣬һ־˵ٶ޸ơӯ
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ĿݽߵԪ³֣糤ӣƺƵѭУһŰ֮Ľ𵤣Ҳų޾ϼ貶Ŀ
ͬʱһɹɰҲХѪƤĤ֮ڣӯȣ
µѪ۹羧Ө㣬˳ȾտȻǳһ̣·Щ飬֮ǰ۷״̬ûκ
ǿƺ̺һ˿ԣȻ˲һָСһǿ֮˵еϫӿĺȼ޺鶷־
ž
ʱǸ¾ʧСƳԱ㣬ϼһ뵽˳ŵС
貵ϼʧҲָֻ֮ʣ³ϫǾεӰȻһ˴ǹƲ񷡣
ʲôȻˣɷּһûɱãȺȻԼ۾˵ԤϣΪɣϵɻ
ҲָϣϢøǿˣ
ôܣǿǴ־ǿһһССϣܻ޺һ㣬̲ס
ɫЦҲȻ̣ͫţɷּԼѹɱﵣһϫɱˣ
һ̣СϡԼϫгǿߣҲһпһɫޱȡ
̫ˣ
һǵ·ּлƺָȫﵽ˿ǰ۷״̬⡭
첻첻ǰһڣûֱһѪ֮ǰĵӴıѪԪʱŭ£ң߻ħ״̬
ԶԹ۵˼һĻһ˿ͬ飬Ϊһ̫ӣ磬ʵǿȻȴκβһͨˣɷּûãκһˣֻҲ㾪ŭӣİɣ
Ӿһϣڽɱټɳȥκ˶һѣ޺
ԣܷߣɷּκβãһǿȻΪ˵جΣ
һ̣СϵҲٰ಻סɱǽ֪Ѿ׽ϫȥԼֻʳѰ
Ͼϫչֳʵʵ̫ǿҲ̫аˣɳעһޱȵĶ֣


470 ˫
Ⱥ۱ɱĴ𣬽ϫնɱǰ
ΪǶգѾͳϫΪУǷ뿪ɳεȵزһͿ¡
ˣ
нһϫ磬߷һ˿⣬ȷɷּսˣʲôµġ
ս˲Ϣ
ϫȫʵָ۷״̬ԲаԥĴȺһƬȷѪꡣ
˵ֻҪɷּǵȴɱ֮ͬУϫʵѹһУ޵У˵Щǿߣǿߣɱ
һ˲䣬ĿȾѪͷ­𣬻գĿ
ʱĳϫһħ񣬳飬ɨڵУ˸ղŵЩһҪԼʱЦɱҡ
䣡
ϫ｣ǰֱ޺ǰὣĨɱȥ
ڼϫԿɷּ޺ѺֲʱĻҺͳϫӲƴŤͳһȥ
ӣҿ˭ܾȵ㣡ϫԴҲǺ޵ܾ׷ŹһݺһȻȥ
¡¡۽ӿ޺ϯǶȥɰͷųƣ˵Ǵ޺裬ֻǿ߶ɵѡ
Ҫ֪С̫廪ݿǽˣѩһһˣԾɲ˻ȵ𺣵С
޺Ȼһʵ̫ܺ廪ȣͱûһˣҽвѡ
һ˲䣬޺ѱٻһգʬ޴档һ䣬ʱڻ𺣵УϫԲκ
ɱ
ϫɫĮȻǰɱնһͷ­ʬۣӲɱһѪ·
̫ձȱѩնɱһǿߴνɱ֮һѩĵӣͬ飬Ҫô֮ǰ̫廪һ˳ϫУҪôڰ㱻ϫɱֻʣһˡ
䣡
ϫӰ磬ǿ֮ӶһǰһѪˮ䣬Ȼض
ˣѩɱ֮ǿߣȫû
һǿߣһĻȻɫѩ٣ƺԤʾ˲꣬ǷҲᱻϣȫû
ɱһ뵽⣬˶ˣƴս
ȻǾǣϫ̫ǿְֳȣֱ޵а㣬ǵܽɱô˻ᣬٴɱ߰ˡ
֮䣬ǿߣҲֻʣˡ
Զս˼һĻǰͷƤ飬û뵽ϫһ֮󣬾ȻԽսԽ£ʵǿѩ֮ǿҲȫߵսʵ̫ˣ
һ̣ʣǿ߽¶һĨȻ֮ɫɱĳϫЦҪһ𣡡
䣡һƬͻȻը˺ԪɽͻȻĢƳ𡣲ϫõɳȥǿ߶ֱӱ飬߶δһͻѪ
úݣ
ȺĲȫһ£˾ȻֱԱ𵤣ҪˣȺȻֶΣûܲݡ
ûĻ͹𣬸ղŵԱǿҲըˣβŭ
ӵһɷּȴɱȻҲУȴɷּһƵ룬ɱ˻ǣóԵ֮
ϫȷԱһش嶼ѿѪۣӡǿʯشɼԱжôֲ
ϫҧ죬淴˼оԼеˣΪնɷּʣ֮˾ͲΪ壬Щս
û̫أãҪϵƾΪһʱ̸޷޸
ܺãûɱԶ䣡̫˵
ԶȺ۷û뵽սһۣȻֱתˣԭΪϫһտԴʱˣٴΣ֮С
ɱң޿ܣϫ޾壬ȼգȵ޸壬Ǳܶ˳
䣡
ͬʱϣͻȻӿһƬīƣݣֳϫͷϿգڳɫ罻֯𻨣ɢļµĻ
ףǡ
죬ʲôǽưһѵҪսжɽ
Ŀһ˶ˣϫȻֺܶѺۣҪϵˣȴһȰϢŭš
ϢȻٻ𣬶ղϳֵĽƣ²ҪҪٵ˫٣
ǳϫԼҲһû뵽ԼǱܣȻս֮ѲһĻеҲš
ʹ㣬ѷɱ¾УԼɱ¾жɽ
ԡӼԸϫҲҪһη̬ؿֻҪ覴ãֺαȥѷںʱεأ
Ƿ𣡣˾Լ۾
˶ɽĸѰһΪȫڣ򻤷³κ©ŵɽ١ϫȴ֮ΧɱҪɽȾٶָһк
˶ԴҲţϫøɳ飬ѵķ˲ɣ
죡ôʱɱдϲоҲ³ϫˣȳȫɱϫ
ԣǶԶɽټţ汻ȹ˫٣磬ǾһѣֵļȻСȴòתǻ۰ĹǶϤ˳ϫ뷨˵
ԣ˶ʱһǰһϫɱ¾н磬ʵֻҪǵһֿɲĸ߶ȡʱǻԡֱˡ
ԶȺҲһ㶣оϴԣϳϫ״ϾѾˣսֻҲⲻһҲˣŻŶɽھѰһ˿ɣ
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УƷݣڳɫ绡˸߿裬µĻضݡ
ĳͷ£ﶼһֱѹƵ״̬㤲
ʱĳϫһƬϢУȼһǾ˵ΧնŤģ
죬ɱΣôʱɱûһҶɽٳɹ˭ȥˣһĻдȵ
ɱ
˷ףٵ󲻵ˣҪƻϫɽ٣ԼУֱ˫֮£ǲȻɽٳɹ
һ˲䣬ַѧͨһ𣬳ǧ糤հ㣬֯һƬ飬ҳϫɱ¡


471 ׽

ϫޱȵĳʢУ䵤ڣһǽܣһ͸𣬷ŭţ˼£ڻĺۼ
ͷƷ裬ڽȼ١
һУ˫ټٵס
˵׽𵤣ʿӵС֮ǵ;ƮҡĸƼôʿʵܹɱ۳ԪԪ˥Ƥұ٣ɶ
Ҫɹ˫ȴôף෴˫ټΪգһŲͿܱٻٻ꣬ǣ֮
˵ɽҪô㷢ɱ䣬ҪôֱӾͱ촷ɵûе·ѡ
ϫȻ׶ɽʱգʱҲѾ˲ЩΪ˵ΧɱѾǵض

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羪κ˰ĵѧͨ֯һ𣬺գ֯һƬ飬к¡
һʮλǿߵĿɲ뷢ĺƴ棬ԴݳǱկɽӣƿ֮
ҿϫȼ˾¯ʢޱȣȼգлȺɨͨ棬һǧɴɱƣɱ졣
Ѿעɱ¾սжɽ˶ţη岻ǰɱ¾ѲֹսϢ
顭
Уһһը󻯳촷ۣѧͨϤ۽ûݿƻ
⾰еˣһķ׼ƷһֵѧͨԴﵽˮ׼ȻܴݳǱկɽӡڣеһж裬µ۽顢촷ۡٻ߽ɢ
ԶȺ۱ɫϫȻˣ˫٣ܱ˿ɲƣɽٳɹʵָÿµָ߶ȣ
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ľ棬֣ܽܣֻһ붼ÿ¡
䣡
һɽεضųϫѹ£һӡǴ̫еİΪӡʱӡɽķϼڣдУľٴиַޣ쾡µֳڰĺƴϢ
һӡ£ŲһƬʵɽѹϢֲϼɣҪѹϫ
ȻҲʱɱϫֻûлˣԺԥؼԼİӡϣƻϫĲ
ҿϫ磬һͷںڷ˿죬ɢɽӣǡ
䣡
һƬϻ𺣳֣͵ϯգ¡һײɽϣɽʯۣľɽȫը
ͬΪڳϫУͷųҹǿ˲֪ٱֱӽеĻӡɣ氵޹⣬ֱͲһ
˶ĪҲ̫ǿˣԿȴ·磬Ͳǳϫһ֮ڣ
ţϫɱ͵ظоԾڽžһҲٻյÿҪҺˡ
ԭȴ˫һʱɱ¾֮ͽٻ𿹺⣬ȻǲϽδٻȴͻȻͻıʣƵòֳȫٻѹȥ
˾ͿֵһĻϫٻȼգȻͷϣܲɫǾǲһƽס
ù죬㿴ǳϫףȻ׵˵ì罣ǹꪡ
죬ɣŶɽʱʵԽǿҪܵ׽پԽֲһĽƾȻܻ׵Ҳζţһʵǿ԰Ⱥ۵ĵزҪȿµ׽٣
ȷ׽ܹӦʿʵ̶Իɱʿ׽٣׽˺ƴȻΪϫʵǿ󣬴Ӷ־˱仯
Զ˼һĻ޲ľ˱ܣҲ༴ɽ磬³ϫĽϢӰ쵽ǣһѣԼ޶޲
죡ȫٻѾʼٻ𵤣û׶СһȺŭȣȥˣͳϫƴ
䣡
ȿ裬ӿϯ˱֣ȫըѪǣֳΪҽ
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䣡ͻȻһһװ㣬һӰסϫǰ·ɱޱɱ졣
ȻǴ̫У˲֪ʱѴһƽսףɢýɫԣܻХܣӳĵһԦսo㡣
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ʱǱҲûɱ˹ݱϷ֮Юʢϼ⣬ڷ˸ɢ壬˺նһħڳ֣Ҫϫץ顣Ƚƾɵƣͬޱȡ
˭Ҳ費ңҾͶɽǿϫҧӲϯʢˣ߶Կ
䣡
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473 ɱٲ
ϷЦĿмҴ߶Ҫϫ

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Ķɽ֮·ܺҲѣϾʿ׳ԣо츳ߵһҲܻ䣬ɵ
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ֻҪɹ֮ϵ׽٣Ϳ֮ԸӾǿߣܹķ
Ϊɵļ˫٣ֲͬе·ĽѣĶɽٷʽע˲һ
Ȼֱʱ׽ɲ٣ڻɫâ˸ܻΪɽӡһƬ硣
׽ԼšΡۣȻģɢƣȴǿɲ֮
ⶼӰ첻ϫˣѡһڴŵһɽϥأȴţɫƽ䣬ƽͶͨϼ
񷣬һַ豹ϡ
УųϫϢһɿֲĲҲ糱ˮ뿪ƽѹ֣ˣеֻ
һжƽոտʼ
еĶ桢ֹͣڣӶݶȥǽһ㣬׷뿪¶ֹĵط

ʱ˿̣ޱȺ۲𣬸Գǿ߾Ѱҳϫ䣬Ҫɱ
ɱ֮ڣ̫սһƬڣ۷׷ףǿ߳ûȫж
Ǹϫǿ£˴ȴûбɱǿļֱ˲š
ȷѾ֧Ųסˣ⣬ھͻᱻɱϾҿ˵õҲٿݽ֮С
ϫɱ¾ǿߣǣÿһ˵˽⵽ϫǱ֮ǿµ׽оͿԿóһɽٳɹǾԤʾһǿֵ
ء󡢴Ǭʮ
նɷּһ֮ɱǿߡɱ¾жɽ١ÿһ¶ôľսȻϫĿǰʧˣ˲ġ
Ǻûг޵ĸҲڽеعעš
ĺˣմϢϫձɱȻߣѳ׶Ͼ;ƿݣѾ˼ˣ
һգءųһϢùעһս˶𶯲ѣ̫սڶһƬȻ
˳̾Ϊϫоϧ˾֮ˣܹȥպֻܳΪķҲ˵
ôпϢпᣬ޷ı䡣
ء˶ЦֹվǵĽǶȿǣϫȥǲΣ
ˣһΣһҪ书һۣɱѩ硢ǡһЩɫᣬ˵
һΣʧأɱ֮ͬȫϫɱ̫սж̧ͷˣһֳ衣
ߣչжȥˣһѰҵƬ֮ء
ʵϣȴ֮⣬кܶҲ׷˹ӽƬ
һֻһҾץסˣξԲѣһ멵硣
ԱߣһۣЦ𲻷ϴοҺλشΪ룬ϧӵˡ
ߣһξͿһ˭ժͷ­ߵ
ƣҲɱԣЦ
˲ٶ˵ˣ뵽ƬС


476 Ⱥ
ڵɱ֮ϣ˭֪ϫˣݽߣһͷͨҰ޶Ҫɱǿ涪ˡ
ɽˮУһȺڷɿǰУȺɣֱǴءǿߡ
˵֮ǰ޺衢κĽơٻƽԲϫУֻʣһˣУ緢˴Ѷٴǿ֮ϣҲǹ¼ҹһ
ʵֹСҲټ˲ٱǿߣһãͬһ֧֮ʦƺƵ
ɱ˳ϫǰȱУôһɨˣȻڣƺԻжӡ
ãҾҪһشҲûɣдӦĺʹ죬ͬʱҲԼҪ󣬾ҪϫеĽ
Ǳȷһ˲õı˼֮ǰϫսȻҲע⵽˳ϫǱĲ֮
֣Σһ۳Ĭʵ͸һ˿޵ѹȸС
һУټ֪ɱɷּ٣ԲٰսС
Ȼԣλ˱ʣµĿɶˡò˵ЭˣʵȴЦѣ֪ϫпɻһıǼˮԳһʥʯۼֵѷɫһ
ȻǾ˵ġ
ãȼϫȹϹǱңʣµĶ֡йЦ
ǿϫѾ֮⣬ڽӣ˵ʲôҲˡ
һ򣬴ǬǿҲѸٸǺʹټϳϫ֮ǰնɱǲٵͬ飬澡ʧǼһŰɱϫĥȻ޷ϴˢֳ衣
һǿߣȴһͨС϶ɱˣʲô趪
ϣܻþЩôǬһǿɫĮ̹ǵɱ⡣
ٿһЩҪ˽ȵˣԶֹһȺǿڷɳۣΪ׵ĺȻֹҹ
ɫޱȣȻѴ̽ԼȵļһǳϫҲһ׷ɱ
⣬һֻǵΪɱϫԲͬͬĶʹȻ޷̳ϫȾٻȥȳϫһɳǶһ޴ѡ

ף˳ûҲڵһʱϵˣǿߣβҪɱϫҪϱϴһգɫһȵ
ƬУ٣ɲʲôͷ˭֪ϫаȣټս죬ֻ»иັ˶õ
ţǱҲˣЩеһ㶣Ҳǣ⻹ǬǿҲڸ
һɲǼ䣬Ƭ֮ڣһһǿͳ壬ݹѤã֮ϷɳۣʣƬ֮ضʱ
෽Զ¶ټȿֺȥһɱϫϵı
ϫƬУȥţ֪ǵǿûнӽתߣɱ֮أҪȥԼͬ顣
ϼ˸ݹӿգһſǰ㻮أƺԤʾţƬ֮أעҪˡ
ڴڼ䣬ǿѾʼΪۣΪһνɱϫˣǣȻ֪ϫĸλ
СϡҲںͳϫսƵѴ°յϫ·ߡ
ܿ죬ȳеһƬɽ֮ء
׽֮Ǳߣۼ⣬һ۾Ϳ˼ԶƬ׽ƣʱ¶֮ɫΪⲻζſɱϫԵõϵб
ǿ׽֮ƻڣҲ֤ϫûжɽٳɹ෴϶ϾҪˣϻ㣬ûκв
˵䲻Ļ㲻ȥɱԼֻʱͻ
ȻУдƬѪཬԿ౻ȾˮȻΪʧѪ࣬
ܣѸٷɢƬΧһѡ
еüͷһ壬ǿдһλͻ˽ȥҪһ֣ϫǰ˽ȵǣ
ͷɽʧܣǱ˾ɥͻں޵Уϲ֮˵־ˡ
һɽϥŵľӰЦޱȣȴɭȻ֮
ҲЦˣûбٺõĽˡ
е˳Ц⣬ҧΪѪ𣬾ڰǰϫɱǲ֪ٵͬ飬ʹ޳Թ֮
ϫȷڷԺݣΪ׽ٳٳٲ䡣
̫ս֮ǰͳ۹йء֮ٵһУ˵˫ҲӦӭ׽ˡ
ڣͷϵĽܻƿƳû󶯾ɢĻϢȴʱԽԽֲˡ
ѵҪԼ޷֮ʱŻͻȻ٣ɱԼһ⧲ϫüͻȻվӣ񷣬ȵηηٳٲϽ٣ѵΪٵϣ
˽һ£һѵˣȻˣ֪ɽˮ;ĩ·ˣȻᱻ÷裬
Сĵ㣡ʹթСĻޱȣ˵ʲôҲˣͳϫһ·֮ɱ֮Գϫν˽֪֮һﲻһ̣Բ׷ôȻʹթ
ˣѵһʱȥϫɱˡ
ǰʼԹˣˣ͸㣬㻹ǴŻںذɣЦ
˵ʱʹʹɫʾһ֣ȫزпɳ֮
ϫɨӶ£Źעڶ߲ɷһ˿⣬иһ˿ڽ
ʲô񣡣
ܶŭˣһ֮ҲˣڳĳԼ
Ҫ֣ȴˣִΪǶɱϫ֮󣬶ȡϵı
λһȷֵģܵý󵽰ɣĿһɨеˣȻ֪ЩҪôһҪôʵΪǿ󣬵Ҳ¡
Ϊߣͬжѩǿߣǵࡣ
ߣڸ˵ĵ¥˻̫ܵӱӻʲôҸҽϽÿձҵɱ˳ϫҪɱҵȲˣһʮ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ûɱϫأ˫Ȼȶˣţҩζʮ㡣
ƺΪϫȫûһս֮Ϊһз⣬в޼ɵ


477 ˫
һһնʱ
ɣɱϫȻ˽ȥηϱΣʱ䵢ʡ
ϾɲֹڿٽӽУƬֻ̹¾ҪҪһˣĻʾˡ
ãǾɱϫȻλֱԱߵͷ˵
ٺòˡЦŻشЦѣɿ촫кͱϣһȺͨĻ쵰ҲҺԼ֣ʱǺÿģ
кͱҲŭѣԥͬע⡣
ģϴٵ֮Ǿ֮زز̫սô󣬾Ͳǻ׷ɱǡҲϵ֮ˡ
Ļ̥Χ£ǰȥһɱȡ
ƫƫϫ޶ԣеļڽ֮ŨˣЩҪո־ŭ
ʲô񣡣
ôؿбһȺһ㣬ûһ˿ţѵΪһѵ
ֱ޵ҧгݣɫ
ô֪Կʼ޼ɵˣҸ㣬ѣҪף³жҿ£һǿȡ
ж£ϫʡ
ãܣָųϫɭȻЦ
ŶƺڽˣϫͻȻ̧֣һƸȥ۵һλǿ߱飬ֱӱĵûһ̯ࡣ
ʲô˶һһһƾҪһǿһλǿ߰
ҲҪţǿ֮ĩŲˣûǰһսıưܣ;ƿݣ˶ˡ˳ȡ
ŶҲܱ㿴ҪҪҲһԣϫʡ
ߣʹթôǿˣȫưܣɵȲ㣬ôֻҼС㡣οͷδɢֻҵȲɱ㣬Ҳֲ˶˰ɣһЦڡ
ԣɫһǰ׿ɴأһƣ˵֮ǰһѾľˡ
ҲΪ㣬ȣһʹ죬ΣתӳϫȻ˵
Ȼ˶ô롣
˸һ꣬˵أ֮ĶԼ𣿡
Ȼ˭ɱ䱦͹˭С꺫غԥȼɱʼǰ
ΪԷһǲûԶ֣˿ʼҪֶΣѸնɱϫ
ͬһʱ䣬СҲˣԥʩչǿѧһоͳ׽ϫ
ȲˣҲãѿǵĳªǾ·ʱϫɫһ࣬磬䱳ԼһֽƵ֣ɢ޾ϼʢԣϢֲ£𺳡
˶һϣĲѣоһ޷ԽɽƴΡ롣
ô£ɽɹˣһλǿ߾ִУգΪȴֳǿ߲ӵеĿϢ
䣡
ϫγһƬ򳡣ɷ֮ϯܣգļ¶ޱȵơ
ۣһգۼ䣬ȫըķѣѪˮɫϼһգٽܿ
ƣʱסˣÿһ˶ڣֱԼ۾һС
ЩѧͨҲȫըɢʧһðݣ޹⣬׹ա
ǳʢĳɫУϫڷɢ䣬һֽƵӰתܻ͸һԱϡ
ȻɽϣԣʼնûŲһͷǳɫ׷裬ױĿĵ˸ӳĵһħ
Ϊʲôʲô飿ƤӶ£ëȻĿ־嵽˼£εֵ
һ֣Ͳնɱ˴ⲣ˻ȡ
Ȼ£ϫʢޱȣһ֣ͲܿƵص˹
ôִУ˭ǿߣȵ¥ҪǿᣬȻ˿̣ȴȻƲסԼˡ
ϫɫĮȻͬħֽ̽˹
ڰվһͽ޹ĳϫУʵ̫ˣδ֮ǰɱĽɫοڣ
˶ȻҲ̫ˣȻͨɺôҲһǿߣȴ㲻ϫһȣֱ߹㣬Ŀ
Ҹղͱ˾˭ɱң֪ηϫ̧߬סĺһ죬ֱŤϵ϶飬ѸĨɱǵɵģɱ׺㡣
˴УԽһĻȺмҪǿߣʵǿǱȻˣһҡ
ৣһɭȻƥķɽȴϫּ̧ס̽ȡɣǿ֮ˣѰɽ˵ϫֺ
ɽ꺫ʹʱѼݹ⣬Զȥϫ̫ˣ൱УҶͣһ֣
ͬˣ㻹źãϫȣӴɱֽƼķɽ˦ȥ
ৣ
ɽڳϫУǿ˺ֹһܹɽƳܲסϫգڻĺۼ顱һֱӶصţƿһڴѪѪҽض
ڣðһƣһֱӺһǿֱɱ

˶־У˷Ҫɢӣʵڸеˣ䣬ϫ̫죬ɵɵֿ
ȻˣͶ°ɣϫȻȴһֿµϣ·һħһּ⡣
䣡
Ϊģ޾ױбѤóʢ貶Ŀ糱ˮǵأϯ˷ˣ˷Բǧ֮ء
ǵȺ嫵ƣ˼Ϊǲϵ׽ٱһ㣬˲Ϣֶ£նһ״̬
ڶǿУӵУһɰƴ֮ǣƣӰҡҡ׹Ĳʱٻ
ʲôͨ˿ɲ֮˾˻
Ȼһжעֻͽͣһ̡
䣡
ױɶ£һһ屻ѹ飬ױ촳࣬죬Ѫ̱֮ǡ
ֻһʮ˶ýױȫ
ѪȣϫȴҲû࿴һۣɫĮȻͨƲȻϼɳ֮⣬Ҫڲ֮ϵ׽١ԼĲɣ


478 ʮԵ
죡ӿٶȣȥĻʲô̲ˣ
Ǹı˽ȵǣģ͸Ͻҿ˵ǳϫϿвٱʱȲǺɡ
죡ǰ
⣬һȺ˼ٱУԪȣķ
ǴǬǿߣǸ֣ҪĿɱϫ⻹ҪϷֳϫϵı
֮ǰţϫӵаȣһɷּ˵ûҲš
һͬһȺǿ֣߳һϢǿ磬ж֮䣬ʸѹգƺƵ
ֹǿߣͷǴҹΪ˶ػȣνѪ߰˸ǿ󡣴ʱǷɳ۲£飬ʮƼΪƴ
ǺηȻ˶ǿ߳
ڣͷȫɫϾ̫սУÿ̫սҲƣһҲֻͽʮˣǰȺˣȴʮţһɿµˡ
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ҹ緢Լ˵٣һ·ѹնɢɽʯɳȥɳʯ
ҲϽߣ󣬰ֵǣֻߴһĺĵӲӵУܶһ̫սĿ鵱Уӵһϯ֮ء
һȺһȺǿ߸ҹǵȺƴƣҲûȴѸٳķ
һʱ֮䣬ݿ˷ƬһƬ֡
ôư
ϫͣ½Ųɽ紵ԣڷ裬䣬һɱ
η壬ֻЩϧ֮ǰһȻûС𡢱ϵˣòź
ֻ֪ԼţЩһʳѰԱȻٴγԼǰȥѰǡ
ҵˣ
ûǱǰ
ʱ˷ƶǿ߸˷ֳϫʱЦоޱȵĳ죬ûϫȻδնɱò˵һ
һȺǿߣΪˣһ˹γһɺǿｫϫΧ
Сӣͷˣ콫ϱͳͳʹЩ˺ȵΪ˳ϫϵı
ɱ˶ᱦϫ߷һĨ⣬ܳƱģֻҪջ㹻ʲô鶼ɵó
ЦⲻǷϻѵģ
ǵ֪Уϫ˴ʧȥսٿͷӿĽƣҲɽɹ£֮ˣֻ׸
Ȱ㻹ʵʵȻĻʱűҪʹࡣȻЦ
Щ˸оϫǰϻһ裬ȻǷǰֻû˸ҳǰϾǰĳϫǶһնɱǿߣ׺˫
Ǿԡϫƽ
ǲײĲᣬǾ͹ֲǳˣЩ˽ɭȻЦѸٳ֣ҲķʣǱٸһţûʲôˣȲ
䣡
ַѧƳˮкʢޱȣЩһֱ֣ӾǿĹֶΣƬ֡
ʮ֣ȻޱȣƬŰɽʯ鵹ɣľм
ȺȻֵĿޱȣȴȫҲһʲôˡ
ˣ
ϼ𣬳ϫּȣһӶ޾۽𺣺ӿڣɽﻯһƬ𺣡
ǰߵʮ˽ԴУ¶Ȼ֮ɫһǵѱһٻһգҶʣ
һĻʱð׹ߣתӡ
ϧˣĳϫȫʹðȣǵǰֹһ𺣸Ƕ£ʱ˵·ϻ浱С
ֻ֮䣬ʣµ˾ͲҽŻҽٻһգ״ңǰҺ𵴰˷ľ
֮⣬Բǧ֮أϤһƬ֮أκһƬûκεĲѪǡ
ϫٴ̣Ӱ飬죬΢紵һöƮ裬ͲոɱȺ۵ӡ
ˣ
ϫһȣ
ڣ˸ȴˣһǴǬǿߣһҹΪ׵һ
Ӱ´£ԶƿȻǿҲ˷
һΣνʮԵˡ
ϫֻ̧ͷ񷣬ǹݵУһ֣׵֮飬ֱֳУ


479 ɱ¾ɽ
һƬ鲼ɽ֮أɽᾸ߾ݲ
ʱɽܣһݹ˷ХʣɷѤãһһĸǿѸٸ޺֯һ𣬼ҰԵ֮
ȸֹҹˣԼǬǿ֮⣬ǿߣڶ֮࣬
ԶԶһ֮࣬Զвٶݹڸ
ʮԵˡ
ȻǿһĻֻҲңֿΪ˿ɶһٮٮߣҲܽ뵽̫սС
ϫȴƻȻûһ˿ݰΧľ˫ָͷ񷣬䣬ʲô
ֹҹȣԽڶĿ⺬ɷҧгݵϫʱˣ㻹װʲôװϽҵĻȽ
ʲôĻȣƾʲôȽ㣿Цһǰȥ
ȱ˭˭ģҪƶ̵Ǵ𲻴ӦǬǿҲȵ
ģ̫սˣ˭֪ǻԭҵģʱ򻹴װͿ̫޳˰ɣҹòѪҧ
ʵߵ֮һסֻ֤̫ҲͲӵлȣ
̫սУĸûɹɱ˶ᱦ飬˭ԭ
Ȼҹػȣ֮Ⱥ˭˭
ҹ˶ڣҲη壬ôǿ߱鲼ܣǣĸӦȱҹ̵ǿҲܲס˶డ
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ƷɫױӿУܻһƬ磬֮ǰһֱڳţ˲δģʱһը죬ȴͻ䡣
ǳɫâ绡ȻŨѪɫһִ緭УѪŤޱȣƬضȾ졣
ѪɫУȻֳһ磬飬׵֮㣬ֳָɢļޱȵĿɲϢ
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еǰҪôϫԣбâûη壬û˷ܣеֻ侲ϵ׽ٻڴ˿̵ִ
ã׽Ҫˣ
죡ɱϵıҲᱻ׽ٻٻһգ
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˼ˣٹ˲ִɫһ䣬Ȼַ֣ѧͨҪǮƵĺйǵأϫɱȥ
УϫǱ֮ˣݵĳʲô©ĵǳϫϵıǷᱻٻٵ
ৣ
Ȼһ̣ȻһĻˣϫӰһչȻӶֱӳϵĽƳȥˡ
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һԽ𣬳ϫֳֽŽߵĽƣ糤Ӱ⣬䱳󣬸һƵ֣ӿɢȻĳϼһӱú嫿ɲޱȡ
˵һ˴ôܱ˿µ˲졣
֣һﾹȻˣղֱǶֵĻ˺Ȼ뵽ʲôº̲ס˸
ã֣ɱԪ񣬵ڳ׽֮ˣ֮ǰնɱôˣٶɽٳɹĻ˵ã˽ǲ
һ֣ǧɽٳɹǶ˶ԣһѣ˱ȣӮڳ˵ͬ⡣
˶ٴζ֣ƴȫѴ⣬ԼɱϫҲҪŵɽٵĲʱȻᱻ׻
һʱ䣬гһʢâ
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ķϼء
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һ֣ɵҪǹ˲ϵĽƣƴ̺ˮֱܻأѹ
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ЩѪɫɢ̺־飬ϫУͬ˹ķѧͨҲѪɫ׵û
ף˰֮ڳױ


480 ־
׽ͻȻ٣Ѫɫ£ĩս١
췣طϣɢĿ»Ƭڵﶼ㤲
ֻһ˲䣬ﻯ磬Ѫ𵴾죡
ܹǴִѪɫ磬˸еǹս죬ܹ֮У۳һΰ֮飬Х񷣬Ǭ
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ϫҲ⵽׽ٵĺһ޴绯Ѫɫìڳϫͷϣɱ漤䣬ҪݻһиڷĴڡ
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ʼնûжҡǰΪһǿҵԤУֻҪһ̺ĳУԳ׻׽٣ˮеĲ
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ڣϫˮأڿǳеĲȻһųޱȵȼա
ԡҳϫҲڴ˶ϫһԥһԾ˳ӵС


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ϫԪԾǳһɲǣͷͷһֻȻʣſͨ͸оɶ졣
Ѿһɱ䣬һ־ϵܡ
ʢޱȵ̺ĲʼԪۣ壬вӣѪ⡢ƤĤǡѨϡ㣬һʢԡ
ϫϥһУϵı仯ܺ͸Ө𣬷âƵľʹ
ԡڵĳϫһȫµɱ䵱С
ʱ䲻ɢĹâԽԽʢϼε͸Թԣڣһž֫ٺɶڹһƳĺİĴÿһžӨâ
ͬĹѨϣһĤǽ羧㣬Ȼԣ԰Ȼһ˶ͷԲɺļо
֮⣬ѪҲڷɱ䣬ÿһ缡ڵ΢磬ʱ·𱻴򿪣գ
Ǻܹؼһߵǡʥ֮·Ϊڰǧ΢ϣÿһ΢϶һ磬ȫ򿪣ܹɻʥŲ಻
ܼ֮Ԫ񣬾΢ϵͷźͿ٣ԪУȫ٣һͷһ˵ǿޱȡ
Ҳ˵ҪɱߣֻУĨɱ΢ϵеԪ
Ȼ΢ϺֹǧԪУôöɱģ
ҲΪܹͬ׶ѹʿԭ򣬼ֱһֻɱ룬ǿĿ¡
һ̣ϫͨ貣ԪڣֺӦһo㣬ͨ޹޾ʢԡ
ڶ⣬εɱͬС
磬ᾡ֮컯ʵһɱ䣬׷һκƴϴңܻԣʹĳѡ
ϫ˲ͬ塢˫׵Ĵ˳ף仯ȫ
ͬԪ񣬾ͺͱ˲֣ͬһּڵڣһּ΢ϵУȴ壬Ե֮
νǾֻء
һ֮أֺ
һ֮УԪɢؾۣһжһƴɱ䡣
̫ʱڣ족Ԣһλǿ߶ɹ˽֮ӵ˳ΪǱʣ

ûУ
ӦˣûУû˳ϫӰӣ
ǽƻڣûɢôȥһմȾ׽ô죿Ҫ֪ǿ˽٣ֻ̫ʱڵĵ伮УѾ̫õûˣһʲô⣬Ƕꡣ
˵ҲԣǾٵȵȰɣȽƳɢȥٿ£ȥ
Զǿ۷׷ףȴûһ˸ҿǽƣһСľͱ
ʵǲеĽƣڳϫ֮󣬾п̬ŵУֻױ
ڽƳٳٲɢټ˶˽ٶɵ֮ԾϫѹȥʱҲٳû˸ҿȥ
ףǽƿʼСˣֹ˰ʱͻȻ
̧ȥȻͿǸǲϵĹƣʼȻգֻʣ²ɷΧ
ͷϾͽɢһգǳϫɣ˳һЦ
Ҿ˵˽ټ̫ʱڣҲܹɹϫȻ㹻ˣ̫ܺЩǿȣҲ֮е顣٩٩̸һģ
˺ðһɽٳɹֻǶꡣһԵҹҲһҧгݵֻǿϧǻȣ쵰һ𱻻ˡ
ԣƺǳϫµıȻûб׽ٻ١ʱһͻȻƺòףæ죬ȴѾˡ
ΪʱҲǽ·һһƵƷԼһֻСָϸСС
Ʒ֮ǰ׽ٸ֮ڣԲûб֣ʱͱ¶˳
˽ٶϫˣĪǾǳϫ֮ǰսȺۣɱķʱ̵ɱﵣ
ǲǾƾеĳһŻٵġɷּ
һ˲䣬Ժϫ֮ǰ;ٶʱô޲¶̰֮ĳ֮ɫ
ȷţԳϫʵܻٵɷּôȻĳȡɷּҪֲķпܾеһ
һ°ɣǡɷּ̺һ˿־ܹٵķǿ
Բڰ֮£
ڳһ˲ԺȷϣóһµĹʶ
ৣ
ʱһݹƿշͻȻǽȥҪ

Ȼڱ̫Ƥòͷˣ
֣Σ֣
ҲʱӦһŭͬʱҲȻ֮¼ȥΪ˵õѹ˲ýǷѳʧˡ
һʱ֮䣬ܳ׻һƬһݹƿա˷֮ȥ飬ȳһ㣬֮
Ƕȷţϫɣ˽٣ҲȻܿͳɢ޹˼ɡ
ಣಣಣ
Ȼ˸յִ֮£ûü֣ܵٻһ㣬ͻȻ⣬˽ƵУʧ
ͻıʣʱڳ˵ɫһ˿ͣЩӦ˺¡
ô
ϫѾˣҲʧͻȻͷˣ
ѵǶͨ˲ɣ
˶һĻЩֲȻѡ
õҵıҵͬûУʱһȻƽͻȻӽ
ʮɷΧĹƺȻըѣɢܣֳһεӰ
ԣ裬̤գֱͦ罣ǹһԨ纣ʵȻ
ϫ
ôܣ㾹Ȼû
ǿ˽ٰ㡭ôܻ
죬ⲻİɣɹ˴˽٣֤ӵгΪһǱʣ
һƽƶľӰڳ˶¶֮ɫĿɿڴֱ͸һ㡣
ҵȻȴػȥˡϫֽСؿڣ̧ͷĿһһɨŵȻ˵ôãҲˣͳý죬ͽһгԹ˶һ°ɡ


485 ɱ
ϫ赭д֮˶УȴԵô̶֮ЩԼĶ䡣
һҪһˣˣˣ
һ̫ţΪɹ˽پͿ޵ˣжɲ˵Ļ
ҿӱ׸ˣ
֮ǰ˼ϫӽ»б֮ɵ֮ⷬǵɫ˲ͱþȻмŭһ㡣
ǿԸǿߣһʵǿĸܹ̫սμȻ˵֮ҲЩѰɫܹȡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˵ϫһնɱ˲ǿߣǽɷּƳˣϾֻһˣܷڳ˻
ǿͨĻɫȻٳɫҲǾ֮ܣ֪ߵغ񣬿Ц֮ͻȻһǿ̤ǰϫˣٸһᣬ£ҿƤ֮࣬ʹЩ㹻ʴ˰ɣ
ڳˣвͨģǿͬҲ˽ȥɫһ䣬˵Щʲôʱȴֱͣ¶ɵ֮ɫȻϳ˴˵ݡ
ʦ֣ϻôʲôɱǴӪУ˽е
㣿ԭǴĻħƢ壬޷죬ɱ飬˫ֲ֪մȾ˶Ѫȣʵǿ֮ʱЩû׹ʿԣҲȻϳ˭
ϫҲֻۣļһһۣҡͷѣ³ĸ֣֪
һû뵽ϫ˸Լ˵ӿֱһ˹һԪӿ⣬Խһʯɽ顣
˼ٵˣվţһһײϣһֻϵùˡ
ȻһĻȴ˶һ
ֻϫգ㲻ܣûƶһ£ͬĳһƣײһУһױȵĳϼţһֽ޴ޱȣӳϫӿֱӽû
䣡
һ죬һҽдзѸķѣһըѪɣ¡
ôܣǸնɹ׽٣״̬ܻӵ˿ɲս˶ˣ赭дһƣȴֱӽһλһǿߴ򱬣Ǻεײµһ£
ǲǾܹ죬˵˲㣬ҿԿ϶ǣ϶Ϲ۾Ŀˡϫһ䣬Ŀһתɨڳˡ
㡭
˽Ծзëô˶ɽ֮ĸͬӣһ֪飬ǳȴȫ߸ˣϫûʵƺǿˣ
䣡
޾𣬳ϫѹȥ
һɲǣ˶ԥѡ˳֣ȴԹأȻѸٳ룬֮ǰһĻǲòϣϫѾ˳磬Ҳ˵ûɱϫĻˡ
ϾԲȻֻһһĲȴ֮𣬸ûᲢۡ
οϫͨǿߣǶɹ˫׽٣֮ǰûжɽʱѾܴɱķˣοڣ
ҲǴʱǲ˳ϫ֮ǰ˵ĻǴԲѣ˼֧仰ʵ
ϫߣɣһֽƵָ䱳󣬳ϼ嫣Ⱦ̿գӳĵһo㣬κιִǰһ׷ɢʧ
ˣ
ͬʱָΪָ黮񷣬һƳϼɳ貽ÿһʵʰ㣬˫ˡ
ЩΪͷŶ뵡ɷ⣬һ¾âԿֲơ
ۡۡۡ
һһĳϼ˺գᴩҰ˺ҧĤļֱ֮ӳɢȺУһһɺѪѪȡһ˲䣬ʮ˱ͷ­Ų־壬ڷ
Ǵһ𣬳ϫչϵķɱ
ͺ᾵ɽУѪ˱ǣɱ죬вʱһҾļУϫӰУǿ֮һ񣬾˲ư㣬ڵ̧֮һģոһݺ顣
ʱᡢ顢ĮȻû˿ҡӵոΪʹ
ΪЩ˶ΪеҪɱеҪıûʲôԣһ·ɱʩչԼյǿѧͨݿ࣬ҡ
һʱ֮䣬绯㣬ĲҽУӰֲ֣ϫһ
˺£ԶһȺǿ߳ͬ˵ϫ˴ҪУϴϱٶЩԲŻʱŸüһĻ
䣡
ϫ䣬Ȼ裬ʢ۽Ļ滯ˣǵأͽȺûһҽУٻ˽ٽԶʧ
һУϫҲ࿴һۣٴγ
һɱɿħɱһѪ·˵ʬǰû˭ܹ赲һ̵޵С
׷ɱܿɢɱ֮ϣӰѪȾأʬ鲼һƬ
֮ǰΪ˽ϫɱ׷ǲǿߣƺƵɱɱֺ֮Ϊɱϫ̽ȡ
Ȼȴ̻̲գɥ֮Ȯȫӣǵҵģֲ֮࣬òпɻ
׷ɱڼ
;УϫҲѽǿ߹ȴȼ֮䣬˳ϫС
ǲǳϫʵ̫¡
ûн̫սʱл磬ڻѪǱޣȡҹԪ֮ȫǱʵ˼¡
̫ս֮֮һ·ɱֿµĺΪսǽʵĥµ֮ͬУжֵĵزС̫廪ݣɥУʱûн
ٻ۳֡ף׽ǣ̤磬ʵ֮ǰֺֹǿһ
֮ϫΪǱ̫£ԶɽʱŻ˽١ֻ̫ʱڵ󣬶˳ɽ٣Ѿ߱˳ΪһǱܣ
Թм
ȻΪ˼򵥣෴·ܲƽ˴աһΪǿ񣬸ĴڡϣΪ
ĿǰһжԳϫԶңԶѾ߱ǱֻҪȥȥԼĵ;ϣձȻܳΪһ


486 ؾ
Ӱ
ģǼһﲻˣ̫ˣ
ô˽ٶûɳȥԺ˭ƺ⣿ֻɱΪһɣ
ȺӣûѡΪֻͣ·һڹȥ붼룬ǿۣȻһͨɱ仨ˮƨȥû˻ˡ
ɱ֮󣬳ЩϫгģҲרΪ˽żѰǿߡ
ǼҲȫĿɿڴô£֮ǰҲ˵ڶ֣ҪɱһˣΪֵ뵽ȴһĻ
죡뿪Ƭżɱ֮Ǽһֱһɱ˲գ۵Ķħһ·ӵǿߵײײԼͬ˻
ôˣɱһˣ˲ţȻʵ
Ȼ˻Ӧһ·ɢǿΪͲƬͣһ˲ϢӵòӰ
ৣ
һӰǳϫĿ磬һɨЩԭزڶʿֲԼЩУ㼴ٴ̣׷ɱȥûаˮ
һСɵģĳǿߵһղűϫĿɨӵһɲǣͻȻ׹ߣĸо̲ס˸
ӦûҲͬĸܣµصͷ˵
ȷܿ£ʲôʱһɱǣ
죡һдˣΪϫǧ֮ͻˣ֪ôġ
ԣ֪ͨˣһͨǿߣȻһ֮һƬѪȷ磬ȥܺ䶯̫ս
Щͳϫԩ޳ǿߣĿǰһĻĻ֮󣬻𵴲˼﷢һзɿ紫ȥ

գϫ׷ɱһǿߣֻһСӳƬűصĵط뿪ɽ֮⡣
Ƭµս˶̲ס˿ǵԼߵͬ飬˸߰˰ˣֻԼ˴ʱɫʱֱð
һΣǵʧν֮Ҳ֪ɱ˶٣Щͨǿ߸Ǳγȫû
ѩЩǳϫص㡰չˡȻдĿܡ
ڴǬһҲʧأ̫սǿУһսʧ룬˽ǣֻѺһˡ
һеģֻһͨˡ
Щӳˣ˿̶һֻĸоֱһɨżвϱ׷ɱѹĳһجΣԶ޷
̫ʱֻҲûмǿ˰ɣ
ȥˣϫΪУɹ˴˵Ϊµ˽٣˳磬ӵ˳ɳΪһǱʣ
ĵˣȷ޷սʤģֻ󶥼عŹҵĵӣ֮һϸߵͰɣ

Ϣܿ촫ɱ̫֮սһƬǶţڶǿǵûнϫɱ׷ɱɾ
Ǽһﲻ˴ܺɨȺֻۣһ˾ͻɱôǿߣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
찡˵ӼȻƵɷּ϶Ѱɱȣ˵ʵȻһҶЩˡ
һ죬̫ս䣬һƬ𵴲ѣǵõϢʱˡ
ǿߣһͨ׷ɱһֱ˳ţֱ͸һ񻰹һ㡣
󶥼عŹҵĵӣŵϢ֮Ҳʼ׷׹עгϫˡ
Ȼɹ˽٣˽ٿǱ졯ֻҪɹ˽֮ˣѾ߱˳ɳΪһǱʣֲϫ˼ϸϫʵǿԭ
ܣ˽ֻһˣ̫ʱ֮󣬾ͼٹ˭֪Ǽ٣Ϊ档ҡͷš
ΣһܴͨߵһѾǲˣֵӣ̫սĿУͿԼˣʱһʵ֪ˡ˶Գϫ棬ڴ

żУһƬңɱ¾ڽУϫĲʼûͣ£һ·׷ɱҪһɱ·ţײеһͿ
ܿ죬͵ִһƬƮŻҺɫɽء
󣬳ϫֹס˽ŲĿ䣬Ȼһ߾ɽϣ߲ɷһ˿⣬λҪǳ𣿡
ӦһƬž
ϫٶ˵̧һնȥ
䣡
嫳ʢ뵣գۼҪնɽϣͻȻ֮䣬һ𣬻һɽӡӲɽײ񱩵ֱӽһɽ飬ڡ
ಣಣಣ
ͬʱӰĸɽ³С𡢱ˡ
ϫĿһɨˣԼΧɱĳĿ
ԶܶˣһĻһǴءһ̫ӵ£ʵǿ֮һҲǾݱϷĺᣬѪ֮
ϫȻҪ֣˷ܣǲսֲ̫ᲨԼ
ҲһֱţϫڶɽʱΧɱȻ˳ɽٳɹһֱ뿪ΪľѰٸᣬһ١
Ȼڽһ棬˵ĶʱˣӳϫɢϢУԸܵʿϢұѰʿ£Ԩ纣һƿһеζ
ôܣ⾹ȻġһЦݲˣɫ粻Щ޷һʵ
֮ǰ裬Ҳ㱻׽գҲ˶һⳡԹˣ˵ʱϫֱӶ֣ӰһΣɱȥ
̫ƴˣҧȣɱϡ
һ࣬кͱĿкɫһҲһͬ֡
䣡
ս˲䱬һʱ֮䣬ʢŰݺᡢԲ֮ضǵսһɽ촷ۡһ汻նѣ龰֮
һսԶս˵󣬳ϫһȫһѹһеľ֮Уָ̧䣬Ȼ㣬ʮ˼ж˿Ѫֹ
һ࣬ϸǡৡһŤͷӣˣٶƬ̣ͻ֮Σ
죡ȼغϣͽкˣŵñ϶ӵˣǺεȵԶսĿɿڴ
ߣ
ϫ̧־׼ɱСˣȻȥ׷ɱϣѱ˱ɱ֮ģһӵ
ȻʱȴͻȻֹԶǱӰڳԼ߿òȻǻʸӰүˣ


487 
ϫһ۾ͿԶӶģǻʸӰү
ʸӰվ£㷢裬ݣɫһĨڷϢ֮ǰǿ࣬Դؾеõ˲ٺô
үҲ仯࣬ɽͶ֮䣬Ԩsţû֮ǰİ棬ԵСˡ
ҳϫѾѴﵽԲزʱ̶ܽ磬Ƿȱֻһˣ˵ȫ
һж˵ؾУȻԻһԵóϫеԸˣѰȻұǿѵֵøô
ԵƬ̣ǣٻǡĿһɨк˾Լע⣬Զȥϫɿ콻һ䣬ת׷ȥ
ٴط꣬ȷ˿ģý黹ǳ׽һãŻɽɲǳϫķ
գۼ䣬ϫʧ
ʸӰҧźӣһ̫쵰æģɲ׸ġ
ǣһúһ١ү͵
˴ؾ뿪˵ڵɱ֮ϣǿ߶׷ɱϫжʱ˲׷
ǵǸϵƬʱÿϫɨȺۣ뿪һ·׷ʼղһξ룬ÿζֻܿµĲмһһնɱʬҰѪ˱ǡ
ֱһ̣ǲ˳ϫĲ
ǻû˿˵ϫ뿪ȥ׷ɱеˣ˺ơ
˱Ϊؾлô֮Լʵȫ԰ϳϫˣ뵽ڳϫУԼƺԾɰﲻʲôæ׸Ƶġ
ߣҲһȥóϫ֪ǵʸӰ죬ģһҪ֤ͨԼñСŮƵġ
ԣ׷ȥ֪ǵǿ󡣡үĦȭƣ˷ܵ
£˲ٳɣųϫټ׷ȥ
ߣҲȥһ벻ʸӰľȻؾгˣҲ֪õ˶ĺôԶսһȻҲչӰ׷ȥǺͳϫԩ޳Ȼȥս
ǣ˸ϵٴμϫʱһ
ǸɱУѹսƷеİӡƽףС
ɽ٣ؽڣһƬվһսҵδƽϢصĴ̶ȴҲѰٲеӰ
ֻʣ³ϫһˡһֻɫݡ
ȾѪ𲻿ʱһϢصڵϣѪشվˡ
˰
Ⱥ𺳣λһ̫ӱĨȥ߷ݱϷ˵أһϢɥʧս
ʸӰүҲסˣϨڳϫǰ֤Լʵ˼ŷ֣ԼŬõĻԵٴƺôҲϳϫĲ
ϫսƷʸӰ˵ͷʾԵȣȻתϢٵıϷ㽫һֻȸоӡĴ塣
Ȼγ˫ǣϫ֪ԣԲκεϧȻ֣ԶٿȻһж
֣顣ԶһӰƿնʱǧ֮⣬£ϫǰٶޱȣ¶Ϊǿʵ
ӿȥΪݣӲ԰ףݣһһ˿ɭ֮ɫһֹɭɭоĸ磬λԴǿ
ôҪΪͷ˵飿ϫüкøУøйøУɱϷҲӦ
֣ŮɱãǾݱϷĺᣬ˴ν̫սѱϸĻʥע⵽ҪΪˡ
Ŀһɨܣѵֻ֪ϸһ֮̿ǻʥϸеһλ棬ӵ֮ͨܣնɱŮɵһµĵˣòʧ
ϫҡͷ֣˹ңҪҵı˷²ߣԺ˶Ըң
ȻĻϾһ󶥼ĴƣϢ֮ͨԲƭԼŵϣȴġ
Ҳ㶣û뵽ϫ֪˴Ů֮󣬾ȻӲвһ˿壬ȴЦ˵ʵҴȻΪеһЩҲһϵǶϸҲֻϰĴڰˡ֣·ܳΪһʱޣԼ鷳
֣ɱңǻ㣬ô𣿡ϫ˵
⡭ԥˣҲоͦ鷳ġ
ҿԲ㣬϶ġϣһϢıϷͻȻվҡѻһǵŮģɫ԰һƬԵ
ϫĬֱȡһ˵ϹȵطȫԲˡ
ȣͫһĿҲһ˿ȣȻһţǱϫ׽С
ʵֻ־֪ĲˣȻһطȥֵ޷ֻһ붼Ķ
֮ҪĻȣʵһ֧ȸڤĻƣ̺ͬʱҲȵ֮һѾˣԼ˼ȫгԴȡϫ½⡣
ϫҲΪ𺳣ȣȻֻȵ֮һ治ϹƳɹ֮жֲ
Σҡҡͷ˵ֻ֮ѣıңҲ֪ܹƳ岻󡣡
ϴ˴û뵽ԼԼĶ˳ȥϫԾɲΪ˿ԱߵЩ֪롣
Ҳû뵽ϫ᲻ΪһͻȻʲôһ㣬۾һ˵֣ﻹһϢ϶Ȥģ͵ǱϹĲˣΣ
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߰ɣ뿪֮ҵУעдλãֻҵͿ˲ִ̫֮ǡϫЦſһۣת뿪

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УʯĽֱֵͨ˴Ƿĸߴ¥Ȼµʴ۴αȵĽڣɢ̫ʱڵĹϢ
򣬴һֺ׳Ľ繬㣬Ŀ֮
ˮӵ̫֮ǵŵء
ʱһ۳෢ڴ󹬵ɫݿɫɢһ˿аȵϢ
̫֮ǰţơ󺺡󶥼ţˮԼѦŹҸԿһšʣµţһЩһơ
۳෢Աߣһɫ꣬˵㣬Ŀ鵱УЩһΪ壬ΨһҪľ󶥼֮ˣ
۳෢꾶ֱϵȸ㣬ѦҵϵˣǷͬϽΪͬˣͬԿ󶥼в
⡭ȸһԥ㼴Ѧ鵱Уδ𰸡
ߣʲô飬⳶ǲԸϽˡ۳෢겻м˵ˣҶȡŮ˵Ϊ֮ʵԲ磬ʱѾҪǽˣǡֱ̲ǣ
ӺȸæЦ
۳෢΢΢һЦüΨһ鷳ǣº֣ɱ֮ˣ޷ߣΪҵ¯鷳
ӣŮôãȸСʵ
ǵȻἰŮˣ۳෢ǼΪ˷ܣ˵һת֮ƿع壬һ̫ˮ֮ƿغڰ壬ֱһ˫Ӱ㣬ܽŮȫգͿɡŮ칦޳ɻħ壬ʱ̫սУ˭ҵĶ֣
ħ壡ȸͫȻһʧⲿڻĹ֮ǰʧôôֱֱ漣
۳෢Ц漣Ǵ漣֮ˣʲô


496 ս걮
۳෢ЦƬ̣ͻȻֹסЦüͷһ壬˵ս걮ϣʲô֣
ȸҡͷûУǰʮλãһֱܴơ
ô˵罣һɰռŵһλˣ˿ἰ罣ʱƤԾɽסһ
ȸ˵ͷҲЩأԺвָһ°֮Ӱ罣ףŹҡƿշϡĵӣΪһԡаܹͫ򷨣֮
ߣɻħ壬аͫҲãʱֻҾ̫սеĵһˣʹߵִʱȻ࿴һɭȻ˵
ȸЦЦ˵ЩʲôĿ͵سȥ
ӣӣǳϫˣʱһӰɿڴ֮⣬˷˵
ʲôϫȻתؼ磬úãúðֱҵļʱ꣬
࣬㻹ŸʲôϽ֪һӡȸɫҲһĨЦݣŤͷƳǱ֮ɵţüǳ
æ˵ͷѳⷢһжг
ʹһ𣿡üͷһ塣
ӣʵս걮ڶʮģǴ֮һˡȸһԷɿ͵
ߣѵ֪̫֮ˮϵĵ̣ǲ֪ȻһЦַԸ̫ս֮ˣȻȥս걮ǰսǳϫ϶Ҳ⡣ȸЩˣҺúÿϫСӵսΡ
˵⣬з⣬Ե侲֮СӶɹ˽٣˵ս磬ʵǱССĶţǧκβ
ӷģ¾ͽˡȸһЦʵӣ㿴ҵǷҪ֣ǳϫɱ
ʱã̫֮ǵУɱϫ̫ˣñ˴;㹻ˣԼðաĿĵ˻ΪӳͨСȴᣬ෴ҿӼ䲻򵥣ǸСĶԴΣսɫСЩΪá
ȸסˣͷһԼҹӶһ֮ߣжԳϫһ˿֮˲ɢ١
ȥɣĿ黹вʱ䣬ȫԵȵϫɱȻȥħ壬ȥðաڱȻ˵Ȼֵ̫һֽ׽º棬ɱ
ȸٶ˵ȥ
֪мƽϣʱֻ谴־ȥ£;Բκβ

֣ҪСһЩˮϵĵӣƺע⵽ǵĴڣò߽Уü֮ǰƽ̬УҲһ˿ס
ַģϫ΢΢һЦ
˵ͷתƻ⣬˵߰ɣ̫֮ǵʿȻȥս걮ǰһԼսҲȥơ
ս걮ʸӰ˶һû뵽̫֮УȻȱڡ
ϫѷ°ɣҲս걮Ϊ˽⡣
˵ڻĹʱڣλ컯ͨߣֱʡʺʡ
ʲߢ̫֮ʯ˾ǧŰپʮʯɢ磬ΪʿԵ⾳ʥʯҲʲʯ
磬иʿֻһζȴ֪ʵ֮ߵͣǱ֮٣;պڵ;С
ֶͨΣֻǧս꣬һһӡʯУ磬ֻΪʿͨʯ֪ʵǿԴԼУʧڵ;С˱ֱս걮ܹ̽ʿƿصʵޱȡ
׫Ű񵥣ѧͨŰ񵥣㼯統еĵƷѧͨС
Ϊǣÿ統жһֵƷѧͨŰоͻԶֳ
źǣŰԴʧ֮Ҳ֮ʧˡ˵ǱɽߣҲ˵Ǳĳƿء֮İ񵥣Ѿкܳʱûٳˡ
λ߶Ĺףʲ⵽ʯս걮ѧͨ񣬽ԶΪıȡĸ춨֮νǹ
ϫǬԪмʲʯʱͼΪ̾ʵĴֱʺʹ̫֮оȻս걮ʥҲ𾪺֮
߰ɣμ̫սǰǣս걮Ĳԣ仰˵ֻоֲԣӵ˲μʸ񡣡
һЦŽ͵ºʹ߾ͻִ̫֮ǣʱǻս걮ϵߵͣ䷢ʿͬȼơ
ŶϫȻ˵Щôֵȼģ
Ʒ֣Σţľ㣬ܹ켶Ƶģ϶ܹս걮ǰʮ
΢΢һЦ˵̫鷳ֻҪףս걮ϵԽ߾Խã˵ֱӱĳУֱӾΪͽˡ
ԣϫҲ΢΢ݣս걮ڴ
£˺ԥֱӳȥ

̫֮ǵУѾ£˲ǿߣԽǿ򣬼ĸǿ߾Խࡣ
ӰУϫһЩΪϢҲɰ̾治̫֮ǣִܹǿߣʵѴﵽһ൱ߵĵزˡ
һʱ
ϫĴ£ڽ뵽
һƬޱȵĹ㳡ڹ㳡ĵطһʯߴǧɣһվɽһ㡣
ʯͨ巺ŽӲӵϼ⣬뵣۳һȦȦĽɫɢ貶ĿĹâĿ֮
ʱʯܣʿӰеڲԼʵеڹĦʯһ˸ɫ
ս걮ôһƴԻ͵ʯʯɢĿ²ϫҲ̾ʵں󣬾ﵽʵƳʥ
Ǿս걮ֻҪԣֱԶ棬ͬʱʯҲ̽ʵǱԴԽ߾֤ʵԽǿǱԽ󡣡һԣָԶĸߴʯЦ˵
Ǳ̽ϫһû뵽ս걮Ȼ졣
ǵȻƵʥֵ֮󣬲һ
пһ䣬ҡҡͷ˵߰ɣҲȥһλܹȡΣǰʮǾӵ˻ʸˡ


497 Ƹ
ߴǧվɽս걮ͷŲȻʢԣһɹɿµĲɢܣγһֱǿѹη
ϫ˵ִʯǰʱѾвΧ£
˴ν̫սϰǧܹ֮뵽̫֮ǵģȻֻһС֣нǧ֮ࡣ
⻹Щûиǿߡ
ʱΧ£սǰʿҲнˣϡ٣ٵǿߺѹѹΧ£ڴʱ֪龰ж׳ˡ
߳Ͼ˶Ŀܣһʶ㣬죬˰үĿɨһȦп˵
ҲΪȻȷˣԽߣߵԽԶܹоԶȱԼˣԼһֱؼΪǣǼֱͲ֪ߵغľ֮ûʲô
ϫЦЦʼʯˣܹޱȵ̫սһ·նִܹǸһȺˡ
Ϊ磬һӶ࣬ҲʿΪﵽʿͱȽϺˡ
ΪﵽʿֻԷëݣָͷù
ϫɨӵĿͻȻ΢΢һս걮ĵطܵһЩΪϢ
ģе
ߵһԼĪˣϢǿƺΪһ꣬ģΪΣɫ䵭Į֮ȻһԼʵΪԸĽ֮
ȷӵнʱǻѭݵĻУͿԿΪѴﵽĵز
ȻΪչΪսξ޷֪ˡ
ȺұߵλãͬһȺˣÿ˵ϢѷɫߣȺŮҲһΪﵽĵز
Ůӳ£ķͷԵðԭܼ򵥣Ůģ̫ƯˣһϮʤѩ£˿ٰ£ϸ䣬ճ񻶯˵޳ߡ
ΪעĿǣ˫ţֺӨ֬ɽ״ϵһϸ
ѩ׾Өļĺʤѩ¡˿յһʳ˼̻Ӱ㡣
ĿŮ¶һ˿ȴ֮ɫ
ָĿעӣŮȴҪԵúƽ籦ʯֻǶʯ濴ʱգ£鶯ãһ˿龫ֵζ
һƮ쳣͸һ˿鶯ζŮֻû˻˺
ʵȴءһһҪʤһϫĿɨ˼
ǹŹҡѦϡӵܣΪ׵ļһѦȼΪ鼫Ϊ飬Ը֮ˮϵһҵһԴܵ
ŶȷǸ֡ϫ˵ͷѦȼҲԼ޹أûҪȥע
ǰỤ̊ǴܺãֻҪһ˭鷳Ȼע⣬ûʲô³ЦЦ͵
ȤһǹŹӵܣһǶǰûĴ쾹Ȼü̫֮ǲǿƼ֮ذϫԴȻ
Ҳһ˿Ȥʵ䲻Ҳ֪ܹս걮Եʲô̶ȡ
ף쿴ʸ졢ֶʯϱߣһʮţһʮǹȻ̫֮ˡʱүͻȻ׵
ϫһĿ⳯սʯȥֻϱٸ֣Խ£˵ʵԽ֮ͣԽߡ
ʸ֣Ȼǰ֮ţҲϫʱף˲ѽ磬˵̫սҲǰС
Ŀƣܿϫһ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫʮλϣȻᰵ֣Ҳ˵ҲѾȻִ̫֮ˣ
ϸǴ̫ս֮ˣȥʸк½̫֮ǵС
ȥΪͨһԱĴԺˣϾͨӵܣܹȫִ̫սˣѾǺˡ
Ҳ֪ڴεأǧ𱻻ʸ⺦Ⱥ֮ʩƭˡϫҡҡͷ֪ʱЩȫûá
ÿ£ǰʮλãȻ󶥼͹Źҵӵȫռˡһ࣬ʸӰҲڹۿʯϵһ̾
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Щֱ˳
ڳǰƽڶʮţԼǸֻ˵ȸڵڶʮֻ߳Ρ
ǰλã֣ģҲܿʵкε֮ǿˡ
ϫüͷ壬漴ָƽǿҲı䲻ºľģ֮ΪսҲ㶼¡
˵ԼֻһΪԼΪȫһж֡
罣סơ桭һǰ֮󣬳ϫƿĿ⣬ʼڲԵʿ֣ÿһ˲Ժ־ͻḡս걮ϣЩ֣඼ܿ󣬺ܳλõġ
ʱϫط֣Ѧȼ߽ս걮ǰʵˡ
ΪŹҡѦϡӵܵеѦȼһ֣ʱڳĿ⡣
ϾѦȼͬһǰʮ֮Уʱһ֣Ѻܿ϶ȻɳǰʮǷǰʮͲôȷˡ
ҲΪڴĵطϾʯǰʮ֣Ѿܳʱûз仯ˣѦȼܷıһ̶֣
Ŀ֮£Ѧȼɫɣֱս걮ǰ֣̽ᰴ˽ʯ档
ˣ
ƸһӴʯ棬һɺƴȻĽٿȻͷŶӰУӳĵһƽսһ㡣
ֵһɲǣս걮ϣҲ֮ӿһĨϼ⣬ʯײһ·һգۼ䣬ѳǰС
ͷ˥ߣǰʮǰʮǰʮһϼִǰʮʱֳ˲һ
ϼͷڼ֮ѳ嵽˵ʮһλá
һĻ˶սȭͷһգգʯ棬ϢΨִκϸڡ
ϫȴΪƽѿĻѦȼܳǰʮҳǰϣҲ֮
ȻһĻӡ֤㲢ûг
һϼ⣬ûͣ
ȻĴ֮ǰĹиˣֳڶݵһƬ֮󣬶ȻһƬ


498 漣
Ѧȼնս걮λãڳ˶̲סһ̾
ǰʵߵˡ
Ѧȼƺ⣬üת˵һ࣬üһ˿ԭҪΪܹǰ뽫ģϧջǲһ
Ҳԡ
ΪѦȼʱһ鶣˵һϮµȹҡҷȻս걮ǰ
չңѦȼһ޳ٻӰʵ
Ա֪תգգ۾һЦѦȼеڿ֮⣬̽˪ѩ裬ᰴʯϡ
ߡѦȼƲƲ죬ΪΪȻĿȴǽʯȻʵҲе㵣Լ̳Խˡ
ˣ
ָһӴʯ棬ͬһ貽ӿ޳ӰУʯ棬һĨϼӵײ
һƬ𾪵ĿУһϼϳ壬һֳԽͣڵ֮λˮϵȥ
һѦȼҲ֮½żǰ֮У˵
ѦӣˡЦŤͷѦȼͷ˵
Ѧȼɫʱ֮ԭûܳԽһƵܣֱһټǰ֮УƵú޲Ťͷߡ
̺ܲ򵥰ϫ̾һҲս걮ȤԽԽˡ
̵Ĳԣٶһ̫֮̾ǵڶǿߵУܹȡҫ۵ĳɼλ鶯İŮеٮٮˡ
ʱ̵Уȣһ˿Ľ;η֮ɫ̫ս֮ǰǸеһڽ̫ս֮ǲȻ֣ԭҲǷŵȵġ
𽥱ƽӹȥȥ
չ¶ɣǿҫ֮
һжЩԲ̳ͬʶһһɽһɽߣǳ׶Ҳ˺ӡ
֣Ҳȥ԰ɣҿǺڴǵУһĿ漣ͻȻŤͷϫЦ˵
δ˿ڣѰ಻סүǰʯǰһưȥ
һͨȻûѦȼ̶򣬼ע⵽ǣҲֻһȺѰ˰ˡ
һ߯ҲԼΪֻ¶֮ˡʸӰһЦ٩浣˶ȥ˶飬
˲ݸҲ˽үԣСڣ֮˵׵ģҲ֪ʲô顣
ȻⶼǿЦ֮ĵ٩˴š
Ҿãʵǿģ϶סһԣͷЦ
ףĸӵܣȻܹǰʮʱԱȺһƬȻ
ϫһ̧ȥɫԶһ
ֻս걮ϣүεϼ⣬˸ȻܿɱǰʮƲڳ
һѵҲǸز¶ĸ֣ʸӰԭֻǵ٩һүҲʵ϶ˣ뵽һǵûеףȻֱɱǰʮ֮Уܲ˾棿
磬ֵγˣ˵ʲôֵʵǱܲġһûûЦ
ȻϫȴЦΪǵѱʯϵıø˵үѾȫǹ󣬳ǰʮڵʮλ2ͣ
˵ԶѦȼ̣Ҫ֪үһΪܹʵǰʮѾ㹻ˡ
үԼԺΣҲһͷãȻҪ֮ǰܲǰһٵġ
У˱˻ԣʸӰ̲ס˸ۡ
үٺɵЦѣɵЦӾһϡ
죬ȴΪүȡõβһɧ
Ҫ֪ս걮ǰʮΣ֮ǰѱ󶥼͹ŹҵӵܰռȻӲɱһƥʮλãүʱͳĿĽ㡣
ϧûܹϵóүǺηʥϾܹ̫֮ǵͨӵܣʵ̫ϡˣڳֶԲϳү˭ˡ
û뵽˵漣־͸һʺϷĳа´һүЦ˵
֮ǰҲû뵽ϫѾˣ߳һˣʵȻҲ˳ɫò˾̾
ԼƲү֮֮ߣʵԭ򣬸ֻҪ鹦Ǳϡ
ϾӰս걮ģʵǱҲռݺҪĳɷ֡
Ҳ˵үǱӴˣŻӲɱǰʮ֮Уٵǵʮλá
ͨһ㣬ƽһЩ˵ʵղűүԼΣпҲЩġ
ȻһĻĻȴ㾪°ͣ˼ûˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ү֮󣬻ʸӰӡҲ̽˲ԣս걮ϵΣȻǰʮ
ʸӰǵʮӵʮֱֲӳ˵ʮһӲү˵ָȥһλ
һı仯ֹʿҲ̲סһ󾪺
ʸӰ죬ѵǶԴģ
ʲô˶Ǵģôܣһͨѣִܹ̫֮ǶѾˣһӱĳôˣȫǰʮ֮ˣ
ģͨȻֵӣʸӰǴʵ֮Ů˽ʾǿ϶Ǵӵܡ
죡һϫѾ㹻̬ˣӵҲһͣò˻ˣ
ȵȣ˵ϫǡ˸òǳϫɣ
ŻʸӰˣڳ˶̲ס𾪣һٿȻ𣬶ʱĿˢˢ˳ϫϡ
һȻԱ֮ǰԼ˽⵽Ϣȷ˿϶ǳϫɣ
һ뵽һɱ֮жսȺۣն顰ɷּɹֻ̫ʱڲŻֵ˽٣жһĨ֮ɫ
һǳϫʱԭ׼뿪Ѧȼ̵ҲסŲĿԶĳϫ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˵йسϫ¼
ĿţϫȴԵΪƽ֪Լݿ϶ȥԭܼ򵥣ֻҪս걮Թʵ֮Լ־ͻ¶ʯ֮ϣ벻˷ֶѡ
Լ㱻ԸĿעţҲӰ쵽顣
һ̣Ѿ̧ʯǰֳ̧ʯ水˹ȥ


499 ȫ
ߣһͦ
ԽľԽ죬һôȻ˴سս걮ǰҲ±˸ҵ
ҵǺܺ棬һǷд˵

ս걮Զڵ̸Ϊ׵ȸ
˽ԶԳϫ¶м֮ɫȸ΢΢ҡҡͷ
˵ʵʵҲԳϫܲΪ⣬һͨСһѣɹ˴˵е˽٣ӵ˳ΪһǱʣΣ
ǱվǱʣʵϫΪѴﵽĵزȸԳϫȻϫֻѣΪ̫֮һץһѣֵһɹ
֮ǰĽȸʱӳ˼ѹŤͷλҵģɲɱ˵ģ˭ƻ˹ӵĴ£Ҳ˵Ҳ
ԣʱһݣԭҪԳϫֵӵܣҲеͷ
ûԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ǹ飬ǱִУκΥ档
ףǼһ￪ʼʯǰˣҵҲʵڵڼȸĿһɨ˲Ϳϫս걮ɺ

Ŀ֮£ϫս걮ǰȻƣڱıϡ
ţǡϤıӰƺ
ڳϫƸ棬ûüζб仯۽ҰУһӰڼԶĽֵǰһţ羪㣬˲Ϣʧ١
ԣҺСڴˣۣȴӶæ뿪ѵʲô鲻ɣϫü
Ϊ˳Ϊ͵ڴʱ򣬸˵ĹϵҲ䲻ǻʱ䣬ϫȥעˡ
ȴͬǡȺ֮ʸѾִ̫֮ǣʩƽҲݺˣǿɾʹˡ
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һ˲һɰʯֶ£óϫӳ˼оѹŷ֣ԼĲѾʼˡ

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һ·Ĵϼ⣬ڳ˵ĿȫڸֵܽʿҲ׷פ㣬Ȼս걮档
һ˲䣬ϼ㣬ֱӳǰʮ
Ȼʮˣÿ죡ս걮ܣȻһȻĿˢˢ½ʮ֣Ŀдһ޷ε𺳣һֱɱǰʮкܳʱ䶼ûˡ
϶ԣʸӰҪԵõ࣬Ϊ֪ԳϫʵȻܹǰʮֻʱˡ
ϫһ˲ͳǰʮʱԾɸоԴе㷢Σȳٶȣδ̫ײ˰ɣ
ڼе硣ɫӵʯһӰΪ˵ΨһͳϫֵĴڣԳϫ߱ʵΪһԲʮֹˡ
ԣɿЦЩɣһһͨôʵֱЩĴǿ߶ҪһЩˡ
ˣڱ£ΧٴαһƬֻս걮ϣϫֵϼ⣬ѾɽԭĵԽ˹ȥ
һĻǹŹҡѦϡѦȼɫһ䣬ⶼ
֮ǰ̳ԽһͷѾӵ強˵˵ʱϫ־ôͳɱ˵ԽԼĻٵȥ
ȻٲԸ⣬ϫƲֱӾͽָȥһ̣Ѧȼֱս걮ǲǻˡ
ûܳԽѾѦȼڻֱ̳Խвˬ֮һͨСһȻҲԽԼһжѦȼòѪűüҪγˮˡ
Ѧȼɫѿһϼͷûɢּ֮ٶһƬ𾪵Ŀע£Ҳ
ôܣʱȸһȺˮϵӵܣɫ֮ɫѾʧȡ֮أޱȵأ
֮ǰΪϫܹǰʮ㲻ˣ룬һһ˲ͳǰʮǿҵķֱһǶ㣬ݺǵɫۡ
ⲢҪҪǣϫһϼڳԽѦȼ֮ȻûгͣЪļ󣬷һֲٶȣֱӽǼҹҲˣ
һĻǲ㶼Լ۾ùŹӵܣˮһȻϣһͨļһˣ
ȥ˭ֻţ
̫֮ǣֶһɫһգգųϫǱֵľӰ˼
ʱ򣬳ϫѾǵλ̣
һֻһΪȴ̲סкȻ
ҪԽˣս걮ܣ֪䣬ѾԽԽѶһ𺳵ڻϼ⡣
ǵϼ⣬𽥽ӽλá
գ֪侹Ȼó࣬һĿһϳϼ⣬Ϣ񣬼˺
֮ǰҲŹϫ֪ɱ֮϶սȺۣһƬѪȷ磬̫ս
վǴţУҲʵںѰѳϫЩ󶥼ԼعŹҵӵᲢˡ
Ͼϫ¶ɹ˽٣ҲŽֻһΪֳǵͨΪǵ̣Ҫϲֹһ
ȻǰһĻĻиٹ̵ĹʱͱˣٲҶԳϫκεС
ˣͻȻһ˻ƾڳ˶̲סͣҲͬһϼ⣬ȻԽ˵̣ȡ֮ˣ
죬ûꡭ𾪵ͷƤ֮ʣǵϼûֹͣʱһЩ˶̲ס
ս걮ܣ˵ɫһ˿ͣȻȫû뵽ԴĳϫȻ˾˵ı֡
һ̣Ѧȼ̣ԼԶȸˣʸӰЩԳϫϤ֮ͬ飬Ҳ𾪵ÿҪľ
ǰ֣̫֮ǿ֮գһֱϱߣȻƾ˳Ҳûжҡ˵Խˡ
Ȼڣϫϼ⣬ȴһֻٶţҪǰһıɹ˵Ļ
˵ĺסˣʯ棬һգգֻ֪Ҫϫٽһȫһˣ


500 һ
罣ףƣ档
Ƽ򵥵֣ȴ̫֮ǵ̫֮ǿаʱ䣬˵ȴܹ
ⲻһǶǿʵڹ͡
ȴһƥͨĺɱ˳ͻ֮УǵûֹͣǰԻٶҪǰı
һжڳ˸еܡšڴǺϫٽһô޴ĺ䶯
һ̣˶սȭͷоڵѪҺҪˣڴ

Ȥϫȷɹ˽٣Ǳ򵥵ƾʵȻȡҫ۵ĳɾ͡
ս걮Զһ֪ʱӰ˵һӻƵۣ˫üбޣԵӢꡣ
һϳ˾󶥼֮һ档
ǱҵôáԱҡͷֻ򵥴һ°ɫͷҲ˸٣¸ɸɾһˬζ֮ƣ°֮ɣ󷽣ȣѷɫԵ档
˾ƣһλԴҫۿܡ
ŶüͷƳһߵƣʵ˵ƾΪӲɱˣ
û˭ܵƾʵɱǰᱻ˳ԽģҲһЦЦȻ˵ڵ֪նɷּʱҾͿʼע⵽ȻѼйϣŷ֣ԭͨУҲŵġ
šظһ飬֪ܱΪŵģָͷùǳϫȻܻۣòеһȣ̲סʵô
㰡ʱֻĿǶУҪ֪ɽѵУҲܷɳ˵ġЦŵ٩һ䣬ЦһԶһӰ˵ڴӵľ˵ʵ̫ӣֻסԴӵͣȫѷɫڷ罣ף
罣ףᵽ֣򶨣Ҳ΢΢۾Ŀһ˿ײļɵ֮ɫ
Ȼ𾪵ǣƾȻóϫͷ罣Ტֱۣе㲻ԼĶ䡣
罣ףŹҡƿշϡӵܣΪġаܹͫ򷨣ϵԤȣսʵܹѹһȻᱻɻܣһ֮
ϫ;Ȼȫѷɫڷ罣ף˵ԼƶпܱȲϫ
㿴ѾԽˡʱԱߵͻȻһָԶս걮ɫƽ
һ˲ӷҵ˼ѹĿԶһɫڷһ˿仯

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⡭Ȼģ
ս걮ǰԭŵͻȻƣʯһ³ɱ֣̲סһѾ޷ε֮ɫ
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ৣ
ȻǴѹս걮ϣϫͻȻһŴĿ֮Ľ⣬һ˲䣬Ϳ˵ڶƣֱӽһķ罣׸
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һĻնʱһţѻȸÿ˶ɫӲһƬʶľһƬֻǽϢĺʼü
һϫ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ䣬һ˻Ƴţڳ඼ݺһ£ȫˡ
漣һ漣
ƺͷ罣Ҳ޷ϫĲһʿ𣿡
εºܣȻӵ˿ţۺ찡
˳ÿһУҰĿóϫٵһ֮ڳÿһʿ϶¶𺳼֮ɫ
֪̫֮ǵʷֻҪдˣһ֮λٲֻЩ͹ŹӵܲռݣͨǿͬҲԣ
Ѧȼд𾪺ʧ䣬ϫ֣ѹЩϫֻǳ嵽ȻɵҲͬϧǣϫյĳɼǵģǵһ
Ѧȼ޴δʲôʧ֮࣬ҲеҪ֪罣סơλﶼϫԽĻʲôġ
û뵽ʵû뵽⣬һεӰϣ⵹ˣֻǶԳϫչֳʵеŨŨĺˡ
ȥ﷢һУһ˿ػ㱨ӣȸһǿ԰е𾪣ŤͷԸ
ǣʱЩˮϵӵܳϨ˺ͳϫ˼ԣԥȥ
ԤϵĹȻûϫһȻѰ˿ɱȰȸЩӲգа֮ǰû
߰ɡһԶĳϫת뿪ɴ䣬òˮ
ôˣҡҡͷŬԼԵһЩ˵߾ߣȻʵ
㻹ʲôѵҪͳϫѣԵúѣЦҪ̫ΣֻǸʹ߿ģǶԣ浶ǹɱܿϳһǷǿս걮ȻΪҲ˰ˣϾʵսȫ£𣿡
˵ĶԣЩʽħˡһ˼㼴ͷƮȻ뿪
ϫϲˡ
üһȻһ漣һ˲ŵĴ漣
һϫԺô̬òãҪһѹܴġ
ʱ򣬻ʸӰүǰղʯǰ߹ĳϫЦص
һĻڳ˶ʱһʶǻʸӰ˺ͳϫһɶͬһ
Ϊһͨȴս걮ǰʮһ˻˵һıʵԼݣʵеɲˡ
ѵ˿ʼתˣӿֳ˶ྪž޵𺳵һĻ˼ɡ
һôЦźͻʸӰ˴к󣬳ϫս걮ǵһλãҲһ˿ͻָƽ
ΪԼ˵һ֮󣬾Ϳ԰̫֮еˡΪΪֻʵǱıֶѣ֤ʲôҺսҲȫͬ


501 ׷£
ս걮ܣһƬеĿⶼǰһȺϣɫӡ
Ƕղǳϫͬ飬֣Ҳ̫֮ǣÿ˵顣
ս걮ǰʮ޾УҲȫ͹Źҵǿռһɣܹ
죬ϫһˣȴԶǰʮгϫǵٵһھȺףǳ״ǰʮܹͨɣġ
λҪʱ뿪һʱ䣬ҪȺһ𣬴ҾͻǡϫûͶĿ⣬ֱʸӰ˵
ҪȥʲôʸӰһʵ
˵Ȼٺ˵ɡϫһ˵ʵȥһ֮ǰľһƳܸеһ˿ס
˵꣬ת뿪ɴ䣬ˮ
һصġүųϫӰʧֹ
λѣѦȼǲǿ໥ʶһ¡ڳϫ뿪ʱһһֱע߶Ѧȼ̲ס˹ŻʸӰ˹֣˵
ʸӰԭȡõȴ̡ϫ֪꣬ԹŹҡѦϡݻҪ
ҲеЦСŮӻʸӰӡġ㣬ԱߵǴʦ֡
˽⣬˽⣬ս걮ǰʮռϯǻͬһۣŲú̫սУǶܴŹʡѦȼ˵˵ʱĿⲻƳһ󣬱㼴ջء
λԻѦϵһı佾ʱΪ˺ͻʸӰ˽Ӵ̬ȾƣûʸӰж档
ȻҲףѦȼ̬ȵı仯ȻղŵʵѲϵ
ѦֹˣһжֻǽҰˡϫڣʸӰ͵ˡ족ĽɫЦ̸ֹ̣Ŵ󷽣ˮ©չֳһҹӦеĽ
ѦȼЦҡҡͷԭΪϫ뿪ˣƾԼݣȫЩͨӵԱֳһЩ𾴣Ȼ˳ˮۣһ뵽ԼӪУǲӦܶԼжء
Ŀǰ״ԼԴˣƯŮɲôúŪѰɫ
λǸյִ̫֮ǣû֮ذɣѦĳǱߵǻЩеľס֮أλ⣬ԵѦĳ̻һѦĳɨԴΪλӷϴѦȼٲزҴҴģֱӷԼ롣
ʸӰ˶һû뵽ѦȼԼˡ
ѦǱˮϣֻ²װɡûȻʸӰ˴𸴣һߣ鶯Ц˹˿٣£ʱЦһλɰ̬Ȼºͣ˸
ҿʸǵʱסҴǱߣ֪ˮϿץǴͬ飬ǻﻮźѦϡϽΪͬأסѦǱߵĻֻ»Щȫء
Цٻ⣬赭д֮䣬͸¶̫ɬţʱûʸӰɫһ䡣
ǵȻ֪̿еԼͬ˭ȴûϵºȻϫƲǰ㣬ıˮϵץˣ
һ̣ʸӰ飬޲ý뿪ĳϫ׷Ȼ󽫴¸֮Ȼע⡣
ߣ˭˵ѦҪϽΪͬˣһԸ뷨ѦϿûдӦѦȼʸӰ֣ɫʱࡣ
ŶѦȼĴ𸴣һ۶˿ЦǾͺã˵ʵŹֻ̫֮ûĸܹǿء
չΪҲ֪ǴҲںʹܡϵҪΪѣҵȣѦȼ༥
ʸӰ˶ʱ׹֮ͻȻѦȼﶼ˵޷Ϊս걮ȡõΡ
Σ󶥼̡ѦŹңҺˣϾܹ£ԼܹǿǵʵѦȼֻ¶£˼
˼ˣλϫ뿪ʱѾȷ˵ҪʸСµİţǵסȻҲλˡʱһԵͻȻǰֱЦ˵
ԣڴǹսѦȼ̽ԶһĬִֹͣĿͶüͷһ壬󣿡
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ʱս걮ΧʿҲע⵽һĻһʱ֮䣬н۸пѡ
һͨӵܶѣȴ󶥼һŹҵ٣ɺܹܵ
ȻԼֻһ̺Ѧȼüͷһ壬̲ģĿ˻ʸӰˣҪô˵
ϫȷôģλʢ飬СŮӼסˣȥŰݷλʸӰǸȻ˵
ȻˣҾȸˣʸ㣬ǵпŶգգ۾㵽Ϊֹûбֹڵ飬˵꣬תӯӯȥ
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ʸӰȴŤͷ󣬴֣Ҫǰĵ̣
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֮ǰû⣬ΪгϫڣֻİžˣȻϫ뿪ãҲ֪ʲôʱŻҲֻʱˡ
ǵȻԥҴЩͬ飬϶Ҳǻӭ֮λ뵣⣬һжĳˡ
˵⣬Դ٩ҾǣҲǵܵͬⲻͬⰡ
⵹ǡһԵԴЦ
ãȻˣǾ鷳ˡʸӰ˵֪ȻôĴӦȻҲ˳׼պΪ˾ȳº磬ˮϷִҲԲԹˡ
ȻԼͬҲ˴ۣǾԺ£Ͳòͬͬˡ
ʲô鷳ģʸСôǿ̫ˡЦܹʸӰ˼뼺ӪҲе
󵽣ԼЩ֪ͬº󣬿϶ҲޱȡϾȺս걮ϵɶǰʮлһһ


502 Ȧ
ৣ
ϫ뿪ķٷӣʶɢĴһϸѰ;ÿһط
֮ǰս걮ǰһְһţΪԵüΪ죬ܵһҲܵʸƭȻú½ͬ³
Ϊȷʸ̫֮ǵУӵ˵һ˵Ѿʹǿ߻һ͵ŷɱԼͬء
ʱϫҲܲԸţʸ쾹ɳ˱ӵ飬ȻԼͬ鶼ܹµֱ֣ɥĲ׶񼫡
ţٹƬ̣ѵִ̫֮Ƕ򣬰˵ǱءǬĴһǿ߿ˡϫĿһɨԶвһ
Ҫ֪ǻʸǺʹһĽ뵽ƬĻʵڿǡ
ˣ̶ѨֻҲôһˡϫ˿ٶ룬ǰӶȥ
һӺ
ϫͻȻͣ½ŲĿ⳯бһ޴ȥ
ƬֺΰռǧĶһ㣬ɢŹϲɣϢڹǰһСԺУϫʶ׽Ϣ
óϫеȵǣСԺвֹҲ
ѵ˽Ǳʸƭϫ΢УûоŶˣȫʩչǿ֮һ͸ӰӰ㣬ϢسƬֺ뽨ȥ

ôҲĪҲյ˻ʸֵĴѶСԺУԱ߲ԶһϮױĵŮӣȻʵ
һҡҡף˵ǣ˵ϫǻߣԾ͸Ϲˡ
˵⣬ü΢΢һɨܣЩͷˡ
ڸղţӵʸĴѶ˵ϫ˼ִ̫֮ǣʹһϡ
˵ͻʸ첻죬ұϾԴģ̫֮֮Ӧ໥չ˲Ŷԣټźͳϫ棬ȻỳɻʸǷģԾͺԥӦˡ
Ȼջʸָʹִ֮ǵûмϫһӰûһж͸һ˿Ź֡
ûģҲ̸˿ϾȻˣӦòǸƭֲŶԡ
Ȼνġˡֻѣ֮ǰڴУ᰸û˵֮Ȼкܶ໰ġ
գҲԵЩˡ
ˣȳȥٻᰵȵòͣתҪ뿪
ԵȡһԵͻȻҾòƬ̣ϫǿ϶ʱ뿪һʧۣ֮ǲ̫ϧˡ
һĬĬվ壬ǰһͳϫʧ֮ô죬̫սôʱˣûɲٴʧȻˣοֻҪܺٵҹֺη
ʱһŲСԺ
ôһȻδӦͿһȺİ˽
Щˣ죬ŮԼĪʮˣһϢǿ󣬽ԶΪΪɫۡ꣬ΪԵĿ֮
ôİףᰲһʶףΪע⵽ЩԼУԺε¶ŨŨĲмͺ⡣
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üһ壬һ￴ȻôӦ˳ٶۣѵûЩһҪԼ˲ô
ȺԽСԺ֮󣬾ͶܣһֻǱЦ᰺Ŀ⣬һͷһ㣬̶
֣þòˡʱһЦСԺ⴫һ۵Ļʸ˽Ŀһɨ᰺߲ɷһ˿⡣
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ʸûߵһϮۣǰֵ̫ӣŮ˾ǳϫһͷˣɱ϶óϫʹ
˵ţת壬ᰣЦܵλǴ̫ӵ£ԱߵĸλѣҲֱԴءǬʶһ£ʱ԰һЩ
ᰲŲЩ쵰ĸֻŻʸ죬ҧʵΪʲôҪô
Ҳ벻ףʸһΪҪԸԼоδ̫޳ˡ
ΪʲôʸһĿһӱ˵⻹ʣϫɱҵܵܣܱܲܵ𣿡
ôȥҳϫȴҪ֮۸һŮˣֱͲһˣЦ
ߣϫɱҵܵܣȻɱ㣬˭ͳϫϵ岻أ
ʸŭ˵οߵĸѣҲͳϫŻⲻĳޡҪ֪ϫ̫Ᵽɱ֮ɱ˲֪ǿߣֱһʮħͷʧӰ٣ҲֻЩϵ׽˳ˡ
һɺԣҿͳϫΪսɣһȺСķأͷԷ侲˵ʱѷɿ쳯Աߵ֣ҿһɱȥҲУ³Ȼޱȡ
ȻȻǣԼĴ֮ȻһЦתʸԣҡͷ̾Ϣʧˣĳúúõģܺһðɱȥأ
ҲͻʸһѴңͶЩ쵰ˣͻһĻ᰼侲Ҳݺһ飬š
ʵ벻һʼնǱƺõƭ֣ΪľǽԼȦףȻɱˡ
ѵҪôĿӻʸ졢ԼЩǿߵɨֻб䡢̡⡢ͳޡ
쵰Ǵ̫ͻȻЦⶢᰣ˵ҲãҪҲֳֻܹϫģҲôɱģҪȡԪ񣬵ȼϫʱøúÿҲһʲôʹ
̫ӣС椳̫ˣôﶼˬһˬٳȡԪҲٰ
ǰǹ⻬׾Ƥһܵγˮˣٺ١
鲻
Աߣ޼ɵشᰣĿаޱȣһϷʵЦֱͬһȺѩĶǰ㡣
ȻħڣվǸŮˣ޳Ļʱûֱ£޵һһף޵ñݶҪҧ飬̫ˣЩһֱͲʿеĶ
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503 ǵӰ
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䣬ʸȻӶƷͬɽֱӶɱȥ
ѶԻʸ֮ǣʱΪŰҪԼкʱɽ㱬ӶַɣһĳʸӲһ
飡
ֲԪ˫ƽӴɢϵҶ˲䱬ɷĩ񱩵ľ磬СԺþҲѡ
ϯʸŵŵŵ˳͵һѪɫѱúȻһƬŮ˵Ϊʱ˿£
ûӦɱһǿԪָۣһ̻⣬ͷʢ⣬Żʸĺȥ
ʵ̫֮ͽˣԼͳϫĹϵ˵һԼΪŰĻɱйͷ֮ޡ
ʸ֣㡣һĻɫһ䣬ӰӶһϮɱȥ
㷢裬磬޵ϾŨŨɱ⣬̤գƺݺһģֱӽ˳ȥߵķƵģ˵Ǳ
һϣǻʸӹһ٣ӰˣᰵĿǴһ˿֮ɫٲҶˡ
һߣͬ¶ļɵ֮ɫͻʸһҲû뵽᰾˼֡
ֲҪͶһ֮ˣƾʵҲֻܸ˼ˡ֪ȻʧȥҲ׷ɨ˻ʸһۣм˵
㡭ʸɫһ䡣
ߣʵǲϧע߲ˡλһ֣ץסŮˣʱǴ̫󱩺һ˵ʱѱӶϮɱȥ
䣡
䣬һֱԹ۵˲ɭȻûаϻ˷Χɱ
ǳ֮䣬ϵļΪĬϢֱӽᰵ·ǰɲԪͬˮ㣬ϯȥ
ͬк׺ݹƣҲһʵֻĲΣʮλǿߵΧɱǱ޿ɱܡ
УˣҲԪˣ϶ϫ޾鷳ģ糹˶ϡ
ǧ֮һɲ֮䣬ԺвָϫǾεӰ忡º͵Цݣһ̾ӿһĨȻ֮ɫ
ȻǵصĹɱᰴ˶ϵʱһ̶ƿȻһӰͬȰ㱩Ӷǰ貵ĳϼһֽƵģڴ˿̱ӿΪһԲεĹ֡
飡
ǵصĹݺݵĺǹϣһҵϯȻξңֳϼתȻεĽеӰС
۵ĳϼȼգڵ̲סУţͿվǰǵӰ
Ѥϼӳ£һӰαͦǹ罣·Ҳѹһ
ôϤıӰһӰϵ壬ɱٲ
μȺǴʱһĻĻۻԺУڵΧɱΣ֮һ̣ȴƳˣǰǵӰ뵡
ǵαӰתͷŮЦЦȴһƬǸΣԲˡ
ϫϤݣϤᰲһҧҧӣǿҡҡͷеľӨˮȴٿƲסȻ׹䡣
ڸղһɲǣΪԼټϫˣ񣬿ԼǣƵ˳֣ͻȻе㵣ǲһΣǰĻþ
˹¶ģϫӿһĨ޷Ĵʹһᰵļ򣬸˵ұ֤Ժٲܵκί飬ͽҰɡ
᰻Ȼ̧ͷż㡭û˵꣬ѱϫָסӣˡ
ҡϫЦЦ
šϫº͸ɾЦݣеľ֡ŭԹšȫһɨգƽů
ϼ󳹵ʧ
һĻǰĳϫʱʱɭȻĲ۶ҲѧӢ۾ǿЦڻĴɵ£
̫ӣǳϫʸϫһɿ͵
ϫһ£ڵˣҲ΢΢һû뵽ԼɷѿҪĨɱĶ֣ȻôͻȻĳԼǰˡ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡һ֮Ͼ͸һĨϲɭȻųϫ˵û뵽һ޴ȻͶ쿪۰
˵ţһָԱˣĹۿﲻҴǿߣдءĸǶ֮ǣ㾹ȻҹǰѰ·
̫ӣҪСĴˣȻֻΪսǿ֮òһЩʸһԵ˵
ʸ˵ûϫ츳֮ڴʱսԶͬʿ֮Ҳͷ˵
ߣѽĵϸһǶ˵ˡȻϫ֣ȻҲ˽⵽˳ϫɱ֮ϵ׳٣Ľսϫɱڴˡ
ʸԣʱٶ˵ֻϵ֮ɫȴǻɢȥ
λõģСԺѱҼ̫Ӳˡӡ󣬽ҲӲˡһǿ߼ɫأɿڽ͵¶һ˿ΪȻȻΪʸ̫Сˡ
ԭ̫ѲúһУٺòˡʸų˿ɫָɡ
ʸ컹٩˳ϫһ䣬˸ǣ½ҲǱɱģû취˭ǶǴ֮أ
˵ʱϫһֱԹۣҪԡɽӡԼ·Ҳûвһ˿ڣʸ仰ͻȻܳһƵâô˵ѾȷѴˣ
ʲôбѣľܣǣܻŴ̫ս뵽𣿱ɵˣ̫ͨսУ޻ȨųɾŶĿȥҲΪԼ룬ôʸ֮Աǵ
ҲôΪϫʸ죬һתɫ䣬͸һɱ˵ơ
ֱӳϫþԣȻĬ˻ʸĿ
һֱԸϣлһ˿룬ΪвȲŸɳЩӵ飬һ̫ںǵĸˡ
૵ƮСԺܣϫɫǱԽԽ䣬ձõĮ飬ҲãɱǾٲκˡ


504 תǬ
ϫ͸һɾȻһĨɱ⣬ûʸɫ΢΢һ䡣
¡
ʱͻȻ̽һУϼɽӰѹգɽвͬ¾ΰ㣬ᾣԶͷŸʢ⣬־Ź֮ѹСԺܡ
ʱ֮䣬СԺȫʧȥϵ֮УѹϢĸо
֮£⡰ӡһֵ֣޲ʾмµѹͷϢУһֲѷɵľС
ҳϫоͷŵϼ⣬ȻܹѹƵԪתԼֻܷӳ˳ɵ
ԲѣҵҪҵľӴ֮£ܱQʲôʱ򣡡ЦУϫѾǱصˡ
ŶǾһ԰ɣϫü룬ٿȻӿֳһֻĿڣ·Ǻӵӳֶ
ৣ
֮ͨۡɨӲ񷣬˲ͿǴеһгնһ嫽ӿϢ
¡һƬСԺҡĿĽûǰѹŹľɽҲ
䣡
һ죬Ѱ㣬ƬСԺը˶ˣٶܡ
ˡһһϫһֱ̤֮£̽һץĶʱ־ż̡
ôܣһͻҵɱ⼴ǵҲ첻ɫ䣬ô
Ҳɫ䣬һǻΪʤȯգ뵽һ˲䣬ϫȻ̸Ƶˣ
һЩɶƵزһ˿Ҫ˼
ۼ֮֮˭Ҹһٳ󷨾סĳǲǴʲôϫ˵
˵ʱ̧һӣż貵̷ȥ»ӡ󣬽ܳ׷ˡ
ΨһͬǣѹĶˡ
һĻɫһ䣬û뵽գʱ䣬ϫӡɹһǸѹˣ
ϫʵ̫ˣ᰾ȻݺԼʱϵͲΪɶȴǻʸΪŰΪֱ磡
һʼ֣ȫǰͨǿ仯ġ֮ۡԷ⣬ҪƵ⡰ӡ󣬼ֱѴ֮
䡱һڰյĳϫ̽һֻ֣޾ױУǰѴأϯ˼
ʸУֲԼûˣô
ֱһ̣Լͳϫ֮Ĳжô󣬼ֱһֻϺһͷĲ
ϫսн˹һסڲɱ㣬㲻ΪһǿôǺãʵʵĴţ㿴ǾһЩʲôɫ
ž˵ʱϫһƳ˹ȥûʸȫ䣬ѪҺɳͣ°Ͷѵˡ
˱һĺ˳ȥ棬̳𣬺ҡ
ʵţ̾ϫĮȻ˵
ʸͷɢصĽţг֣ڴʱȻ֪Լͳϫ֮вٲ࣬Ҳ¹
ȻڣĿ־ˣˣңΪ֪ͽ͵ģϫһ˵һֻҪ˵Ļûа첻ġ
ҲһϫĿһƳһ侯
ʱ˸˫ȶܿƵض̫ˣϫһֱһħ񣬸Ϊĸߵ
ӳϫٵʸ죬ֻڼ֮䣬Ȼ⼫̵ʱڣȴױŤת˹
ϫչֳֶΣǸܵһ޷ƵѹףԼ׼ٳ֣Ծɻǵ͹˳ϫʵ
ɱһ֣ɱŮˣɫ˸ѣƳԶᰣʱ۾һȳ
ৣ
һ䣬ԵĵӰͬһʱ䱩Ӷ֮У̤ĲΣʣˣҲΪݣһһУѾ൱ˡ
һ֣һɹɰԪɢǿѹֱᰣȻףֻסᰣвϫһ֣ʩչǿѧƣ֮䣬˺ҧĤɱ֮
ͬʱʣµİ˾ȫϫ֣ҪֽϫסǰȥӪᰡ
Ȼǵˡ
ûǿϫͺȻ֣ŵĽǳϫһӰѳǰ
Ƚ˲ưٶȣԶҶĻʸһ£ɫ
䣡
񱩵ԪͬڵɽХȻЩҪִǰʱеĿͻȻҵըһӰѹȺХ£һ貳Ю⣬һӰӲйƺ䱬ն顢ɢʧ
ǳֵˣʱϫٶȺʵһ£ΪǿߣʶҲû˶ʧɫһҧٴγɱϡ
ৣ
ϫӰһΣȫʩչǿ֮ٶѾȫԺ˲һ֮£̺ŸֵĽӰֱӳһǿǰ
ͻĹʱ˺Ȼɫʶ߶Ԫͷϼ⣬γһɫ֡
ȻķϫȴǷһ˿м⣬Ʋ䣬ֱӺݺǵɫϡ
飡
һ쳹Ȼ˾㵵ĿУǼޱȵķĻ֮䱩Һ飬еֱӱͷ­룬Ѫ̵׹һأޱȡ
һĨɱһǿߣϫɫĮȻû˿ͣ٣˶˲䣬Ľ⼸ͬһʱ˺գǰ㣬ɴбɨϡ
ۣ
ǿ߱նɱ³صһ˺õȥ
ˣʱڳ׻عɫޱȣһգۣǿˣʧҲܲ
ҲǲȻɫоŭпֻţԴҲ벻ףһļһᱬ˿ɲս
ৣ
Ǻŭ֣ϫͬȰӰٴαӶȲҪѪ
Դ̫İڳϫбǱܣۼƣȽҪһɱˣֱһﲻƵĴɱ
ӵͬķսȫʤϫһͷֻбɱķݶˡ
źǣ࣬÷ëݣһǿУҲֻЩĵǿ߲ӵһ


505 ©
ϫмȣƮ١
һ˲ѳǰЮʢ˺գһױȵٶն¡
飡
һ˶Ĥľ쳹أʢĹⱬɢӰĵǱȴûش˶㲻ϡ
Ȼס˳ϫıɱһ
ԭУ֪ʱѶһĳͨѩףķһߣ֡
ΧΪĳ֣һ˪̹ǣ뺮°㣬á
Ϊ̫ӣȻȱٱˣ˪Ϊѩ󤵶ġеġӡҹġȡһõ涼ۺޱȵİ
ôȻˡһУϫ⣬ֻǴеѩ󤵶һۣɫ
ϿɲֹалȡӡƽóȥˣȻὫηѩ󤵶ˡ
ʵϸ˵ʹãҪΪĸߵͣ򼴱ӵаҲԷӳпܱ˸ˡ
ϫԭڽһ;ųߵƿѽؽ˽һͨľ磬ʹȻܱǿ
ҹУӵаջǰܸ˳ϫ䷨ǿ󣬻ʵȳϫ̫ԶԵʡ
Ϊ˿Ϊ̫֮ѾǰμˣԳϫвСĿ
Ͼɱ֮ʱϫûн֮նɱС̫廪ݣ˵˻ȵҲԿϫսжôˡ
񣬳ϫΪ˫˫ɹ˴˵еķ٣ֻΪս֮ǿ󣬸ͲЩѰǿ߿Ա⡣
Դʱְֳѩ󤵶Ǻη塣
ͨղϫӲһ֮Ҳܵ˳ϫʵĿ£Ҫ֪ǿߣȴϫһĵˣѩ󤵶໤ֻһˡ
ɫ˲ޱȣа˾ˣԳϫĶ֣Ծ֮ܵͷ
Ȼѹܵġӡʱ˲͵뵽͹ȣʱֻѪսΨһһ·ѡˡ
ʵ֮ǰҪԸϫʱѾ׼ûҰѳϫͨ˿ֱϫսһ̣ŷ֣Լе׼ԼԳϫ˽⣬Եô԰˾ɥ
򵥵˵͹˳ϫǳϫչֵʵ̫ϣԴ󲻵
˭һļһﾹնɱߵĴڣ
˭һΪ죿
˭һﾹһ۾ͿơӡһƣΪã
һеĲ󣬲ǰ޷ŵһĻĻ

ϫɱˣȫǻʸ졢Զɫ
˾£һ𣬹ͬԳϫ·ֻͨ;ŻеĳԻһЩ
񣬰ڣֻʣ¾ˡ
˵ĳɷȴܸӣֱԴءԶΪɱ֮ϵͬ鱨ѩޣȴû뵽ϫǿԼĴҲе᧿Σˡ
ϫҲûм֣ĿãͻȻ˵̫֮ǶǱ˰ɣ
һû뵽ϫһ̾ʳһֵ⡣
ҲãɱǣǿԽƬΪҴռݡϫͻȻЦЦ
ȻЦݿУȴħЦݰ㣬˵Ĳ̣һﲻҪɱԼˣעԼˣ
ˣ
ϫ̧һУѹܵġӡʱ֮䣬һƬڵ˹
ԭ֮俪ʼսʱڶʿͷ󣬽Զ˲̽ϧǣǡӡգ磬ǸСԺڷս¡
ˣǻܹжϳСԺڿ϶սǴ̫ӵԳˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǡɽӡɱﵣĴ֪ܲ
Խδ֪Ķǵĺġ
СԺϿѹУȻԽԽʿעߡ
ǷɢСԺĸԶԶʱǡɽӡ󱻳ҵСԺڵ龰ʱʱͻȻ
ȻǴ̫󣡡
̫֮ǶʹءһƣʱĪ˽붫ʱûϽɱǵɱ
ףԣǳϫѹŹ۷ǿ߷罣ףȡս걮һĳϫ
ǳϫ죡ʹִ
˭֪أҿ˵ǴơȶԼŹһѦڶ£һأֻһҺͳϫΪУʮ㰡
Զ˵ûڣޱȵش˹඼ھ̾ڳϫ֮ǰȡõĻԻͳɾ͡
ȻЩ˶Уȴһףɫ䣬񶼲
ս걮һ
ѹŹƿշϵ۷ǿ߷罣ף
ơ󺺡Ѧϵ£
һУһͷľ޴㣬ϫĿ⣬ֱڶһͷ㣬š
ףԼٴε͹˳ϫ֪ȡ˶˾̾ĳɾͣĻɵѰ
һ࣬ʸɫޱȣоϲԸԼһЦ֪ϫԼαȥͶˣ
һ̣ʧǣӶˡ
֪ΪҪôܼ򵥣Ҫ˶Ҵ˻³ȫǣⶫҴռˣ
һ̵ĳϫ磬˱ͦͷųƴϢһְ˷ϮԿȻΰƣȻƽȴشȫÿ䡣
仰쫷ιȫ˶Ĳѣ仰Ҫ첨ʱûижҲ̫֮𶯡
ϫڴһźţܲھˣҲ¶ĳ־ģ
ҪͨݣΪⶫƿǴȥ𺳣Ƕ͹ŹֻҲҪĿ
һ࣬ǾΰӰͻȻӿһĨ޷̤ʵоûΪ˺Լˣԭ͵º͵ļһȻԱֵ˰£
⡭ҵˣ᰺֮ҡתʣϫĿ⣬ѳˡ


506 ޾ɱ
ϫһ仰ȫ˶Ĳѡ
Ȼ˶ԣϫ仰ǶǵһУľ֮࣬ҲǷŭѡ
ϫִҲ˵ĳڣһǿ߹ȵ
ǲǴ󻰣˵˲㣬Ҳ֤㿴ϾϾͽȥһ˷ϻ嶼ûСϫƽ˵
Щ˱ɫǵܵһĪĿ־塣
Ƕϫ仰ǵ̣˭ܲ£ͨҲҪ־塣
㡭ѵŭٲ֮أһɫеʵڵĺ±̽
ŭЦϫȻתһǿ׵ƺȵֻ֪һλֻǱ䱾ֻɱɱǸεѣŻǳ׸еη壬ٲ֮ǰһ겻ɢ˶ģ
Щըװ㣬һһǵͷǶĤʹͷ­ͣһԶĲ岻ѡ
̫Ϊһ˾Ϳ޷죡˴󺰵
룡ϫ³֣նһҫ۽𣬺¡һѹȥ˵飬ɻҡ
ô򵥣һǿ˲Ϣ䱻촷ۣʧ
ΪˣΪԶǿ߿ϫһ赭дʵʩչȫϰܴﵽ˿ɲЧ
ȻЧܲԶսͫɫһ䣬Ŀн¶һ˿ɵ
һŻˣȥ˾ǰȴֻȥǿҵӾǺëһ
ΪһǿߣвǶ͹Źңӵżƣƽ߸ϣߵܵͨǿ׷Ͱͽᣬڶ˽ȴкζԲˡ
ϫһӵܣ㲻ԴǣѵΪǳ𣿡ŻˣæԴ
һǣʱ翵ĶвЦϫٴλӽƿһֱӽ
Զսһ𣬳ϫж֤ͲʲôǿߣֻҪߣɱ⡣
ಣಣಣ
ͻȻԱӰӶһһһ󣬳ӣȻ֮ǰѾôҪƾʽϫһֲ
Ȼû뵽ǣϫԤϵķ̧һӣһɽƴľӡһȣһ絹ǺӰĽɱǳݵˡ

ޱȵĲҺ𾪵Ŀע£һĳһ̯࣬һ˱ճ˽ٽһ˱촷ۣ޲֮
һʱ˴ģ׳뵽˵͹ȣǾ壬ǺȻɫѿ֮
ȣӡһﾹȻӵ
Ȼҹ˹ȻǱϫɱҪǵѹױϫУ
ʵͷѰ˿ɱȣӵ˶ɱ̫֮л˭ܽ
ΪУΪа
¶ɲķԶս޲һϣԳϫɵˡ
ϫ֪ôΪԼͬ飬ǱĴ𣿡һ̣󷴶侲Ŀӳϫƽ˵
飡
شǳϫһֱһͬ־Ȼɴ䣬ˮ
һĻԶս˶ѣκвڳϫƺʧЧ£ɵ
㡭ͫţȵΪɱҵȾͿˣҸ㣬ˮץǴŮӣҪŮΪ¯һħħΨһ谭ֻɱ㣬޳ħΪ㻹絽ʲôʱ򣿡
ԣϫͻȻ˳ĬУڳһӰ˿顣
ħ
Զս˽һݣҲţˮ˴Ůħһû뵽⾹Ȼġ
ֵǣΪγϫͳħΨһ谭ŮΪ¯ɱϫħδ̫а˵㡭
һ֮࣬󣬵ɫһ䣬ͬħڣȻħڵһЩΪ˽⡣
˵϶ǡŮ칦
ֻȹŻŮӵԴΪ¯ǵһжΪУ֮ʱܹͻħ壬֮
һ̣˵ģΪйءŮ칦ţħӵܣ˸޷˽⵽
ŲΧ˵ϫֵĴ㣬˿˵ʵϫɵѹʵ̫󣬿ҪƵˣҲὫŵ֮˵
ϾˮǹŹңǿޱȣԶܹ⣬ΪԴҪЮϫٸʮҲҽй¶
շŹңҿȥ飬ӷŹǵͬ飬Σϫþòԣİо΢һЩȨ
ʱϫٿȻ̧ͷ忡ϲĮȻ䣬䣬ܰ˵궼ɡ
ųϫĮȻԵı飬пһһɲĸо
ˣһˮᡣֱƽһ仰ӳϫ³ȴХĺڳ˶׹ߡ
򵥣еɱȴġ
㡭ˮϣżΪеϵºִ̫֮ǵʹߵУˮϽõĴڣͲֱӱɱһ򣿡󱻳ϫһ仰ͷƤ飬̲ס˻
սҲоѣ̫սУûĸͨӵܣҶһŹ˵˺Ļ⡭ֱɥĲ񰡣
ǻʸҲûܹ뵽ϫ˵ľĺܴ󣬵ȴû뵽־ľ֮
ûбѣԼʱϫǷҲԼ˻һۣԶȻͷ­˵ģں޽ӡ
϶ԣʸҪԺһЩϫɱܻܵʸ˴˱ŻⲻĳޣҲôϫܹԼ
Աߵ᰺ȷţϫȻ˵ΪԳеˣҲΪпɵƷУôѵֺ֧ӵ
䣡
ĽԹս˵ĸĿ⣬ϫһ֮ˣɫ䣬һ̣ʧԭأǰ潣ӿգնɱ¡


507 ȫ
䣡
糱Юǧʢƥŭڸ䣬׼ƺ֮
ԴӳϫؽԲ磬ﵽ仯һĸ߶ȣÿһپʽڵ⣬أһһʽĪ̺ۼɲ֮
ʱһһƷնһǰľȻƣݿ࣬ˡͬ޵ģﲻ裬鲻Ⱦͨ͸ɱ
ǡͨľ硣
Ͻǧǧ򣬶ִܵ˾ߣһ
ɲޱȵһΪ֮һϣоѪҺҪɭⶳͷһɴֲһֱо
Ĵ̼£ıܷǱܣк֮ɫһ̤նͬʱѩ󤵶
ৣ
ѩգ¡һ͵سһͷ޴ѩǣͨ巺Ĺâͫ죬ĮȻ
ǣԶŵһǿޣݴ֮ӣʱ浶µɫ䡣
ս˽Զо̾ǿߣְֳѩ󤵶սҲС
䣡
ǱӿѩǣӭĽ˲佻
Ҷţ
һ̺֮ۼĽֱӻѩǣֱӷָ˿ķ߽ɢ

ʲô˻ûüӾ̾лع񣬾ͿһĻʱҡҷ˺
ô˵ҲǴ̫ӣһǿߣְֳȫԽսˣڣȴϫѹˣ
ϫһĨ⣬嫹ǺתĲɱҲµͷƤ顣
ô᣿޷ܣ͵һŭٴλӵ
һʱ֮䣬Χرѩǣ˪裬۳һͷХǧɳѩǣܲգ裬漣˼㡣
ֱϮɱϫ
նԶĳϫĮȻȡ
ڽ֮ͨٶȱһεĽ·һϲ֮磬֮ĻһĿ켣ֱڡ족㡣
䣡
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ѩأ˹ŭƴȫһ
һʱ֮䣬ѩ⻯ǵأ۳ķ˼ɱȥ
ɾʱԶĳϫȻһǹ͵һ񣬳ϫһֱӳ˹

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⣬ǲϧѶͶĴϫתʸ
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һ̣ҡ
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Ȼϫֿͨȴ̺˺ɽһֻľż㣬Ǳҿ
۾ˣ裬ֱȵڴܣλһ̫ӵ¸ܵǰδе衣
ȣĿ־ȴûģʵں³ϫˣһֱħ顣
ҪɱңҪʲôͳͳ㣬ֻһΣҶ췢ģٲѰˣһ뵽ԼʲôӶûҪڳϫУʱʧصķӰ㣬
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һ²ءһǳǳЦ
ϫЦЦĿһɨԶˡ
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һ̫֮Ƕ˿ƣߣǰĵ̣Ǵйȫؼ£ɫ¡ϫջĿ⣬ץסᰵ֣ͳԶȥ
ֱϫץסһͻȻӿһĨ޷ϲãüۺЦݹɸϫߣ黳ʫ

һ죬̫֮𶯡
λǿϫս걮ǰʮеĳϫٵһ֮λȺۣ
ƿȫɱһǿϤʧȥѡһеģֻһˡϫ
ϫ
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췢һĵĴµУ벻һ˵֣Ǿǳϫ
ַħ㣬һҹ֮ͱȫʿ֪Ϊ˳ŵĻΪֵ


508 ʧ̬
ǻֺĴС
һڴϣտ׳̫ʱۻĵɢׯءµϢ
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СʱгϾ¶ӣȴɽǰɫ֮ģӡ
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ҲȷС󶼱ֵüΪ㣬ҫۣҲ侲ѩԾˣҲΪܳΪˮһԭڡ
罣ףɻħʱʲôҶŰɣĵһ֮λעҵġһԺ̧һöٴϸϸ̽
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ϸ֮ϣһʼûиСϫ෴˽⵽ϫһУЩһˡ
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޳Ƹ°ͣտͫзĹ˼ˣ֪֪ףȷױ˺ӵ
뵽⣬һǿѹеĲҡҡͷ
ʵӵ֪ϫ̫֮Ǻľͳһ˿궯ҪκǣȥϫɱºŮŮ칦ԴԽ罣ףʶս걮һ֮λ
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һŲڴӳ˼ѹ»ָ侲ޱȵģ
ӣ²ƽһǿ԰е𾪣ȭ˵֪ڹǰţ϶⵽ӵų⡣
˵˵̬侲ݲȡ
ղ̽ϫǴˣȫս걮ǰʮˣƽŬԼƽԾɴһ˿Ȼ¸˼𺳡
ŶͻȻЦ˺ǿңΪô
ӣⲻص㡣ƽˣˣɿ˵رĳϫ
üͷһ壬õлֱ˵
Ҳһ˿ƽΪ˽⣬Ϊ𾪵飬ֵʧ̬ˡ
ϫһˣƽ̲ס𾪣ɳƳ仰˵꣬ƽȫ˰㣬ڴϢ
һסˣĬãԲŵǡս걮ĵһ
ʵƽɫж˰˾Ųʮˣֻ̫𺳣ʱҲʧأΪ侲ˡ
ƽ˵ͷɫò֮ǰһĻԾֹסһĨ޷ȥ𾪡
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ҲΪ˴ﵽĿ꣬ŻرϫϣϸնԼħһ
ȻĿȴԼҪɱһˣǿҵĳ羪κ˰㣬ݺݳþ޷ƽ
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ȻɿƽͻѦȻûгɹǳϫһȴˣǿ϶Ǽ˴ƵӪС
鷳̾˿ɫȴ޶֮ɫ̬ԤУԾƿһС
ƽӲûзңɰ˿˵ʵԳϫĵˣǱƲѣҲǲԸǵġ
ӣ²ˣʱͻȻһٵĽ͸һ˿š
ȸһƵĳŬƽɫеľȴôҲ޷ڸȥ
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ȸһڻָһ˿ѣɬȭӣǴ²ˣǳϫȻһˣصʮλǿߣ̫֮ǶռΪˣ
ʲôԣʱɫһ䣬κˣ޷侲૵ôһʵôǿ
ԱߵƽҲúһϣһˣһǿߣ⡭һͨӵܹ
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ǳϫ˵ӸŮɱˮȫˣһŹȸһҧ˵˳
飡
һƻڵ棬ʯ飬һ޴ɫѱһƬ෢裬ӳĵ籩ŭ㡣
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509 Ŷ
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Ѱƿʯݣӳ죬Ȼȴ첻վӵûˡ
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ֶɫζȴܽΪ꣬Ϊɢ˶Ҫɴ˾Ϳֶ֪ҩˡ
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֪ת֮ĽŮˣûоʹɥԹյûС
ֻƽţץÿһʱȥŬŽⶾּ֣ͽ޹ˣֻѷȴһֱֵڣδ
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ЦЦ뿪Цˣ˵ϫ᲻Ϊǵ᣿
ġἰϫ֣µڲһ˿дһ˿мǺȷϫΪԼеᡣ
ҵǾã֤ܲǷңںһЩںҶһЩЦ˵
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ү̫֮Ƕŵĳǽϣ־
ڲǰǻֻܼľӴĵϣȻڣȴӵԼĵ̣β˷ܣ
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쵰ǿǹŹҵĵ̣ôһǰδ̫ðʧ˰ɣ롭ҲýǰүԹ
ȥˣ˭أ᰷ԵΪ򶨣˵İɣϫȻҹǰȻųİաοǿʧܹ
Ҳ֪˵٣ܰﵽϫԾǸоЩⲻȥ
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ϫԶӰУǻֺƴĹƵĽˮϵĴӪˣҲ֪ﱻ
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ܿ죬ʶĿꡣ
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һ̸Ȼûע⵽ǵһһжһ˿ر˳ϫС
һͷһμӱŭʵ̫ˡƽµ˵ܹӴ̼⸱ӣϫ湻ġ
ֹûɱ˵ģսҶľѣҲ֪һôģôǿȸ̾Ϣ
иƨãԲвӣ񵹺ãֱӾȥС椱ȥˣϫֻ֪·Ǻ˵ĻɡƽЦûĿóϫնɱ˵ĳȻ޷ȸĸܡ
ôȸһٴ̾˿ʱȥŮźܴգһʧܣֻ¯ֱӾͳȥҲòˡ
ԹӵʣôʧܣƽΪȻҵǺڴӽСȫΪե֮Ǿ³ֱӱжأѪ壬٣ֱӱɵӣ
ûôţŮ칦ֻǵΪԼãʧȥΪ֮ǳֱʲôʹ࣬Ǿμʱܱһءȸҡͷ
ŶƽһתͻȻٺЦȸ磬˵ùͬ⣬ɹ֮󣬽СøңҺúһǺܿôǳϫŮ˰һҶ˷ܡ
ȸ˵ЩʲôͻȻɫһ䣬ৡһڿնͬʱдȵ˭͵͵ĸҹըףɱ֮
䣡
شһ죬ǻ̵ֺĽţ⵽ֱ˲䱻촷ۣڴԵӵܣҺûͱ
̳УһεӰٿȻӶ죬ħ


510 
ȸƽĶԻݣһףóϫҡ
ȫû뵽Ѿʼº¶֣һɹŮпܱж
µĸٸӣվǶӳ°ĸףˣԼպ°棿
ͬں֮ؾԼŮڴʱ󣬸ü¶飬ݸ˳飬ͬ޷ӡ
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ŮĲѵĻǾˮϣ˶Ϊ֮ᣡ
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ĮȻķŭ޷Ӱսˮƽķӣ̼ɱսڽ

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ǳϫս걮һڸղţƿҲϤһСˮ䲻ǺսСĵá
Լͬ鲻ΪȻԱߵƽüͷһ壬ɿѵڱչ޷ԱֻܿǵɱλӦʧ̬˰ɡ
ȻɫҲ֮
ˣ׼սȸͻȻ

ң򣬶նģ
ϫǾǹӰٿȻͣסͷ˵ƣһħ㣬ĿɨԶһȺˣϣҰ
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һǿߣȺвۣ䱬ȴΪˣɴ˾Ϳ֪ˮϵĵжôˡ
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һ֣ȸһıȡ
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ϳˮϿսǳϫǴ˷ʿһƬȻɫнһֲ֮ɫ
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ʱĳϫʮɸߵľˣͷۣüĿأĿױУԶԶһһױ㣬ɢҪصĿֲϢ
ÿһȭӳЮ֮񱩵ױϯأκѧͨĹᱻ˲촷ۡɵ¾ס
θɽȴӰٶȣǿ֮£ӰֱһƮױ쫷磬ֱײȡ
ӵС֮ۡԵʣ˲ͿƵ˵йӵɵĴȻɲȴٳ޷˺ױУÿҪ֧Ųס𺳡
Ҫ֪ʮǿɵĴÿһΪҪȳϫֹ߳һȻڣȴȻҪ޷ϫĹƣ˲𾪣
䣡
һ춯صľ죬бʢޱȵϼϯܣǹʯľͳͳ촷ۣ˲Ǳѿ޴ѷ죬̳˿
һ̣һҺ𣬼ʮӰɳѪģǱޱȣܵش
ǵ龰׳ۣһǿ߾ƶߵķݰ׹أҺԶս˽о𣬲㾪°͡
ң̳У߿ɱȼɽĳϫ˵ҰУ䣬ĮȻ˵ʱֱӳЩ˵ӵȥ
ȻʱһΣյϢٿȻӿͷϫֹȻԶȥ


511 ֮
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ڳϫֹ֮ʣһ࣬һɽȭͷȭƵİ׳ޱȣϫ
ֵȸʱҲʮɸߵľˣ·һƬư㣬ȭɱ
ȻҲһħߣһΪ
ʿײͬǿ߽ף΢ϣ߿ÿһ΢϶һ磬ÿǧ΢ϣʹǧ硣
ΪϽÿǧ΢ϣʹһᷭԴƣǿ߸һǧ΢ϡ
ǧǧ磬ֻǸͳ˵ʵԶ޼֮߿ǧ΢ΪһͬҲǱļڳ޼֮ӽ
ȸӵΪҲζѿһǧ΢ϣǿ屶ֹ
ܵȸһȭЮϫòʱնɱЩش֮ˣӰ羪οգŤܹһȭ
ϫھ뿪ҿԸһ·ȸȵһ˵ɱ⡣
֮ǰϫһ֮ʮӵ֣ܵȸʶҪϫϫ£ǸһĴ۲ɣֽ޷ܵġ
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شǳϫһȭһƬױţкױӣǵأƬ֡
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̽һֻ֣գнʢͻȻѤôĿĽ⣬꣬ű޼᲻ݵɷϢնƵģ
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飡飡飡
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һ⾹ֱӹᴩױУڳϫ绮һѪۣƤܼʱ첲ܱնˡ
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ΪȸȻǣУȻ̻һſž޴ǳתױǳ˷ɱ
ȿɲľԶս˺ӡɢϢǻҡҷ
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ȸΣգɫãʩչ֮֡ǧƵ֮ƵƵӡҪ
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ȸУ¶֮ɫȻû뵽ԼΪȻԾκβóϫ

ȻȸΪԼȥһɲһ쳹أֻһ죬ǰһƬĿ貹һ̣ѵ˳ȥ
ҡûٴ۾ʱȻ֣Լƽߣ𣬲ûбǿɲǳӡɱ
Ϳǲ²֪ʱѳһΰޱȵӰͷųʢ󣬹ҫأɫ䡣
һӰһƬϼ۶ɣ˿ݣȻɢĺƴϢȴo㣬˺޲ùĤݡ
쵰ôóˣָ֪νȸɫȻһ䣬Աߵƽ
ˣ㻹ܻôƽ̾Ϣοˣǿ϶ҲֵסϫĲŮ칦ɳϫôȥϽ̫֮ǵӵܣȻȫû
ԣȸɫò
İɣӼ֪ˣҲҳƽȸŤͷԶ߷һ˿ɭȻ⣬ǾͿϷɡ

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־Ѿʹã̫֮˭֣
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һУΰޱȵӰڳжԿƵһľη
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512 Ĩɱ־
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֮Ĳ𣬼ֱ࣬ڳľη֮ɫУԿó
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ǳϫҲӵȴɱŤתǬȻӵС
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һսǾ͸ɳ˶䶯飬ȥҾȻЩˡ
ߣǺˮԵ³ʲô֮ţʲôս걮һҪֱһֻϻɡ
ЩˮϵӵܣԶϫǹӰһ֮˰㣬ڽмĳ
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ȻôҲΪ˸ԶսϾϫչһ˴ˮϣɱķ㶼ûֱסһ̶ҲˮϵټֻܶһΣɱϫСɽ𻢲Ŀġ
ʱԶɫľη֮ɫƽ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣֻɱϫԲˡ
Ȼƽ׼жʱ͵ؿԶĳϫóһ޴ڵ乭
зİ⣬ɢһɹϡصϢǳϫطжõױǹ
νױõıУΪѣֻԼȥơ
ױƲֻһ֣ǾԶħʬ壬ݡָסͷ۾඼ƳױҲֻԶħʬڻʹ֮ӳͬ
ÿһױѪιʳȻ󲻶еʣ˷ܴﵽѪˮʹָĵز
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ȻûױƾԼǿȷܹ֮ͬУȫѹʿ
ױȸͫһ
ԭߣױȻϤ֮ϧǣˮУױҲǺ֮ǵҲС
ʱϫڴ󹭾Ȼһױȸ˼һӻͰɱһ֮ױҲ֮ˣ
ױߣΪսʤ־ƽһЦ͸ŨŨĲм
ԶսҲҡͷϫǼͶҽʱˣϽܣȻҪ־еħˡ
ȻϫȴЩִ̧ؿڴժһƷҹңӿ
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ţʲô¡ԶսһһУʱҲһı顣
У־ϣ͵زһɾҵƱһҧסְ㣬˦ұۣ˻ѣ͸޾ľ֮ɫ
ϣһ׵Ĺ⣬ϸȥǺȻһСָϸͨ徧Ө͸ϼС
СҲǳϫӰ׹ǳӵײõһޱȣһʬӡĴۼԡͳͳ֮뵽˳ŵС
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ʱ򣬳ϫµСͷ޴󣬴УƲһ˿ߡ룬ַֻ顢ɵȤ
СǿǿڣЩߵȵȤܹΪԼã
Ҳˣϫƽһ־ʱһ뵽ľС
Ȼ־նʱԭŲСʱ궯һ㣬ɢһȦȦɫʢ״ˣϫǹС˳ȥ
ʱ־С޷ѣϫʱд󶨣˿

УһȻޱȵĿע£־Ӱˮҹţϵİ׹ӿȥӰҲԽԽģҪɢһա
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ǵ׹⣬ȻСһ־֮»һĨ⣬ɻ˳ϫУȥԱ֮󣬽뺨˯һ
־Ȼˣ
һĻȫѻȸӵڵˣľżǰһС


513 Ƴɽ
칭գһֱӽ־
Ǵһױ
ǼʸһĨ׹⡣
ǳֹˣֻһͨӣΪֻ
Ȼϣȴ־ûüʩչʱͱһ飬ɢεУȿɲĳ˵ڳˣǵֻҲԼ۾
ǿ־
涼âĿɲڣȴôһǿУױȵӾڳÿ˶ͷƤ飬Ȼ
ҲЩ֮߳ˣе΢ǻٵ־ĲǳϫбȥһĨ׹⡣
δŵһĨ׹ʵݣȴΪ϶Ǿһǿޱȵ챦Ȱֻǿ
ôܡǿ־ʿܹɱģ
ˣʧЧˣ̫֮У˭ܹˣ
ôôǿôᡭ
ЩˮϵӵܶԣϫһȴһǾװ㣬һκˣþ޷ƽ

ȻǴѹԶĳϫٴγ֣£𶯣һμʸա
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Ѫȳ̼ԶսҲǵѣѵϫһҪһ֮ˮ
һ飬ϫƽٿȻصؼ䣬ڳÿ˶С
ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ڷӦϫΪλ˱ŭɱԭǳһŭΪհ
Щ˴Ŀ˳ϫɱ˵ĳȻҲе֪ץ˴ŮˣҪŮ칦
飬ϫֻǻشһ䣬ˣһˮᡱʱ仰ˣͲţΪϫˡ
Ȼڣǳˡ
־޷赲ϫĲˮϻʲôͳϫ
׳գΪǻ㣿Գϫвȸ侲ҧ˵ȫˣҲ֪෴ȹɻħ壬϶Ὣ㣬Լ㱳ĴӵͳͳĨɱΪҵȱ𣡡
ߣȻˣҾͽǳɱƬͲűƲϫᱻвߵ
˵ʱǹ̽һץһǿմӡٴκնգݺݳȸҶ¡
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˭ⳡƴҵսУеһֻһˣ
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ԽԽʿ֪ⳡսķ˷ɿ˽⵽һУҲһ̾ѡ
һЩ߳ϫˣҲòϳϫǿ⺷
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˵ʵڷ罣׵ͻȻҲǼӭһͬϫ˵Ϊûٶ
罣׽˵һзӳУȻʧЦҡͷϫԴ̫ƣ鲢ûôӣ㻹ƽһһΪãǺˮϵλͬƴһ˭
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вңϫһУէ֣ӿŨ֮ɱޱԼвڣ
вΣȻ˺Ƥ罣ҲٲһͨϣΪɳһЩ飬Ϳ޷ˣȰ㻹ǸϽӵעҪڽձ
кε¶ɱŨŨĲмԶս˶һͷƤһ飬Ȼϫ˵罣ͼı
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ųϫأƶϵı罣ɫһɱѽϫ̡
ڼϫɱȸʱԥˡȻʱ͵ط֣֪ʱǻѦϡ󶥼ȻԶԶ䳯Լ
罣һݣʱ˶ֵͷ
֪ʱʲôˣֹ˳ϫҲȻֹĻ
Ǹһ뵽һжǱϫƻ罣оͺ޵񣬶Զĳϫкε¶֮ɱ⡣

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罣׵ͻȻ֣ϫ˿˿۵ķǳףˮٲ֮ǰǿʢǳ˴ҪϷֵĶ
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˭ܹ뵽һеģֻһˣ
һ˶ˮϣһ˶սȺۣһ˽һպյĹŹƵ᧿Σľ
һУֻΪŮˡ
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һжˣڶûá
Ҳֻܼϣڹܹأˮˮ֮С
ȻǾǣٳûټԼߵѿҪϫɱ
ѵˮҪȫû𡭡ȸɫҰףɫ͸һŨŨľ
飡
һͷŻϢױкȻ£ߵƽûü˾ͱױ촷ۣҺûз
ˣֻʣȸһˡ
ңϫʵԡѪɲ˰̣˻ƣϢҲôࡣ
һֹɱ¾ϵսͬٱıԵֵܹ֮ڣ⿿һִ֧š
ȸ첻ԣҰ׵ɫ͸һɾȻµϫǿ֮ĩҲûκܹնɱϫ
ΪĶ־ѱϫչֵĿֶθݻ٣һɶȲˡ
ಣ
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515 ̫
ϫ䵭Į겻
ȾѪ˺ڶŨܵĳȾһѪգѱڱıԵ
֮ǰΪսʵѶȫΪڳˣɽ𻢣û֪ɵɱʱĵܾж
ˣº֮Σˣͣ㣬ûиԼһ˿ָʱ䡣
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ҲǣϫַӪͬ飬˴޶ϵ̸ǣѡԹҲ֮е顣
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һ뵽ŮǰȻϹžܵڵĵӣǴһҹƾ٣ϼ漣оͽסһκˡ
Ϊжֲ
һۣûٶ˵ʲôתĿڳϫһɨ㼴ºЦ߰ɣȥӵܡ
ԵЩͻһ뵽֮пͬŹϵټ֮ǰ־ԼˣҲݲóϫܾ˵ͷ
ϫӦˣºȻû
һ˾۵ĿУ̫֮ǶȥѳΪĵˡ

ʦ棬ѵô׷뿪ȸ˻У͸ŨŨĲʡ
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һ죬ɫ̲סŭһƺݺݳȸϣֱӵ˳ȥԵ棬ҳһӣѪݶ˺üš
һһͨӵܶκβãҪǺãҲãһ뵽֮ǰһĻĻ÷ζըˣɫ࣬Ŀ׹¶˶ɡ
ȸŵûֱ£źѪգίԹޣٲҶ˵һ䣬´ùͷֱɱԼ
ͳͳǷȸ¶⸱ģֱú޲һǿסˡ
ˮϼȫûֻʣȸһˣٽҲɱˣ̫սĿ飬ȫûˮʲô¶ˡ
뵽⣬еŭƽϢ࣬Ƴһȸʵˣ̶ûУ
ȸæҡͷûûС˵⣬һ£ҧ˵棬ʱϵƿշֻ¶ҽǵĵˣʵɺޣ
ߣ˵Щʲôãֻ̫һߣѻ࣬ûͺãȥƽϣû塣
ߣһȥսǰѪֻҪõսϿɣܳƿ̫֮ǵҪǣĿ֮󣬾ͿԻһ
˵ľҲӿһĨȣȻƳηηȸʱֲһԸӣס̾ϢεǱҷϡ
ȸɲ֪飬˵Լпܻһסˣ˷ܵû

̫֮ǣ
ǶһֺΡޱȣΧ֮ڣȺ㣬쳣Ŀ
ʱʸӰүᰡӡڹУɫӵŶ档
棬ֲʯףϣϱ߾ϱߣܹÿ䡣
Ȼ̫սʱڣ֮ʸűϡ
ȻȴһͷڱУŸƤƺ«ץһֻռڴá
ͷݵƵģɽӣۻǣϴһòÿɫĳֱۣһлӡ
ôڱУһ߳һƣԵޱȡ
ͷֱ飬˵ӣүüëҧ
ȷ̫ˣʦݡԺаԼʦݵˣǰͷԱһ£Լʦ¹ˡ
죬λǰǰǻ˺üΣءʸӰһ䡣
ͷֵĺͻȻʹߵִ֮ǰƾְ㣬⹬֮УүΪϮֱӾͶˡ
үͷһƴڵϣվˣһĻʱסˡ
Ҫ֪үôҲһλǿߣս걮ҲǰʮȻôһƴſڵվˣǲ𾪣
ǻʸӰͷ飬ŷүһ
ҲΪүԹߵԭڡ
ͷ޶⣬ֻǿڿ˵ʶϫҪϫһ棬ϫͲߡ
˺ܲˣһʸӰ֣ͷ֣ˣҲμ̫սӵܣ˵ʹߣƫƫֱЩǰһֱ¶͸ŹŹ֡
ָҪϫʸӰɻˣ֪ϫɾûһλѻ߳
ٺʸӰ˳׷ˣҶͷء
ԭܼ򵥣ʹߵкüʹߣ׷״ⶫעڣͷ֮󣬶ɫһû˵ʹҴ뿪飬ֱ㣬Ψֶ֮
Ҳ˵ΪͷĴڣаǻΣѣĻٶͷκβ
Ҳ֪ϫôڻѵʲô⣿ʸӰ˼ɣü
СˣϷôʱ䣬Ǹô򡣡ʱͷͻȻӵйͺͺļͷ
һ̣ͻأʧڱϣƾһ£ûκεĿռ䲨
һĻʸӰ̲סһѰͷ˿Ȼ˹һĻԾɸеһľ
̫ˣ
һ˲ʧΪѶԿռƿشﵽ¯ĵز
ţ԰ϻ쵰˵֮ˣĪǳϫүһ㶣˵
ߣһȥ

Ľֵϡ
ϫ¡磬ѩ裬ǰУٶȲ죬ͥŲ
񣬳ϫѾ˽⵽ȷϹž֮ܵˣǵɰؾǿߣ֮
ϫʼйǰʱȴǱտڲ̸ֻ˵»صܵʱȻһС
شǵûϫͷˣµǰǺεɰؾһĪӣ
СӣϷڵȵˣʱͻأģԶƾճһӰɽӣۻ׼ãģǻʸӰ˿еͷ


520 ֻ
ͷƾճ֣ϫһһѩ׷裬ٴС
ͷģưһϢɵӣôҲ
˵⣬ʲôָָϫΪ
ͷۣһۣƿڴǷӣȫҶǷӣ
ɫһͣӣٶԣΪ˽һƢŹ֣ʵǿף죬ռκαˡ
ϫ˿һȻлƵļһȻô˵ѵҲһλǿĵ治ɣ
óϫȵǣͷԼģɡԼʶԴҲ벻ͷ֪Լǳϫ
Ȼһ˲ţò忡棬ǿúӰԹԱ죬ͷ˻ԴĿڳϫϣһߴһ̾һ㣬Լϲ
Ǳ˿ޣϫлЩȻԻ¶ݵͷȴֻһֹĸо
һؤҪ˸Լǿô͸һɻĸо
ղŵķӦУϫ֪ⱻӵͷȻǸ˲õǿߣȻҲȥòȡˡ
ǰ
һտڣͱӻִϣǰ̫֣ϷҲϲ
ϫЦγƺ
ԺϷͽˣԼŽаɡɽЦ˵
ͽܣ
ϫһ˵ǰ
˵Ϸϲǰӵۣٴδϳϫ
ϫ죬ֱˣĸܣͷ˵Ǻˡ
ڡŻڵĵ棬ƢŹ֣ϲŭ޳ȴǲ˳⣬Ǻ⣬Ҳ١
ϴĴóϫͷݣǣԼӷ׷ǹʣΪλԼ
ѵ
ϫԺһ͵һֿܣѿڵǰģ
Ӵ˴ͻȻЦָųϫСԴҲϷյЩľͷͽǿ̫ˡ
ɫһҡͷϷɲǰѾͷģϷģԲܸˡ
ϫҲЦˣŪˣӹȻͰйϵ˾ͺܺýͣΪλһ棬ϳԼ
ѾͷϾ׼ҵģһԵȻʵ
ôʲôѵҲϷͽܣȳϫشӾ˫һɣ˵ܵڵƽˣҲУ
ʼ磬ЦѣѲϼһ˭ͷ۰
߰ɣȻˣȻȥ˵¿˿ܣʿһسԼеĲüһ壬˵
㡭˵ЩʲôȻµòʱɫһʧ⡭ⲻǸ
һԵͷ
ô˵ѾֻˣɫӣԺзѾõĻ䡣
ӣüǳ
ޣף϶˵һ㶣γѰ㣬˿ؿбһۣô壿ҽѵϷˣҪҪһԣ
һΣпܣ治ϣѲϼһƬˣϧԸֻ²ʵˡ
뵽⣬£ֿ˿һĳϫаһ̾Ŀ⣬ῴºͳϫ֮ĹϵͬѰ
ȷţԼһھʹµĽ飬ȳϫӦԼ;Ӧ
ûκΣҲֻѡźΪˡ
ʱԶԶأһȺ˸ǻʸӰˣϫȻһȳº磬˽¶һ˿֮ɫޱȡ
յ̫սУԼͬٴط꣬һֵף顣

ǻֺޱȵĹУ˵Цڡ
ھˮĹ£ӱú裬үǳಲ󣬺ƴ
¡硢ʸӰŮ˲پƣһȾΣΣ֣Եߵ
ϫЦһĻľһ̫սие̤ʵ˰
һУ˶ɱŻǰһûЦ

Էֵϧػ
ϫٴһƣľӿȫľᶨΪ˸ѩޣΪƽ¸ٶ࣬Ҳֵã


521 Ѫ
ʹߵִһº󽫿̫ս顣
ȫǺ䶯նʱý
̫֮ǵĸӵܣ׷ѡչأŬΪӭĿ׼

֮ء
Ĳݴֻ㴣һʯаɣߣ߲ƣɫ̦޺ɫʯ棬ɢƾõϢ
ս̫ʱµΪ˵ˣֱ̫֮ǰ˸У෨ÿһֻǿ
ÿ̫սĿʱ˸֮УͻһȱܹñߣȻƿߡ
ԭ򣬾սϡ׿ȻѩƮ裬̧һָǰ̦޺ʯ˵
սĵطһԵĳϫʯܹʯšս֣Ծɣˡ
Ϊ˺ȻǣּɫѪдɣӡʯϣѪܵսɱ¾֮ӭ
һ̣ϫһսĸоǰʬɽѪ޾ǣʮϰǵصɱ쾪ףϢ亹졣
£
޾µʴʯϵּȴƸտȥһֶǵĲ֮
СģǧҪʶȥ̽ѰսᱻڵսֱĨɱɶ޷⡣һԾ棬ɫȻ
һ£ǳϫʸӰ˶ɫһ䣬ս걮Ŀⶼһ˿ľη
Щս·ѵͲ±ˣү̲סʵ
ߣȻҡͷܣսѹɳ֣Ҳ޷һ
˵⣬зһ˿׷֮ɫ̾ϢҪ֪̫񣬿ɶǶһŶǿڣµıѻΪ̫սһ֣ˣֻͱڹˣĿ޾¶Ӵ浽ڣ
ԣнԶһĨȻֻµıﶼɶ޷ȡߣ̫񾿾ǿ˺εȵز
Ҳ⣬̫սÿͻһ䣬ʱ̫֮ǰ˴оͻԳһѡƿߣ̫֮ǲǶԣ⾪䱬֮ʣĿ鿪ʼˡ
˵ҵȴǰʹߣΪľǰȡͨ飬Ӷ뵽򡣡
Ҳ˵ֻͨ飬ܽ뵽ˣûͨأϫ̲סʵ
ĬƬ̣ŴӴ³֣ˡ
ȻһˣھУǾ䵱У
˴εĿЩ⣬ǵʵصĳʲô⡭
˵⣬Ƭ̣ҡͷˣȿ鿪ʼʱԼͻˡֻܸǣܹӵᳬκһΡ
ΪΣǰܲ͸©һЩҵҲи׼ү׷ʵ
ЩԥЩ飬ǻңԶ֪Ҳ޲ŵԼľ
׼شԾ̲סһʧ
ߣʲô˵ģΪ綯ڼҲ̫ƽˣнΣŻſƣͽ
ʱͻȻ֣һ˺⣬һߺȾƣֹˣڼٵĿУеֻºһųɾŶ̭
綯Σ
ϫжʱһ֮ǰղҲйֲ²⣬ȴû뵽𰸾˾ģȻǣ綯ˣ
ν磬˼磬ɽ磬ظֻء棬ÿһĴС磬漰ķΧֱƴ޷
˼磬ǧ磬С֮ƣ塢ֺֹݣ
͸ɽ͵ظֻˣͬŸֹ½λ
һҾȻǣ磬³ϫľѱĥµüʯŴºԾɲƵزһɾκˣþ޷ƽϢ
ɫ䣬ɿЦѣҲֻϼһŸҺ޹˼ɵ˵°ɣ
ѳڣҲˣֻóοǲʲôеĴ㣬һǧʱ䣬ǶԣңԶοҲ˿ţҪģֻһ£ǾǰԼǿ
⻰ǲǧʱ䣬Ҷԣֻһ޾ͶɹˣЩСһԣ·ҪߣҲȥšӾһ̬ͬ˵Ļ
ϫ˽ԶԾһ
ǧһǧʱ䣬ֻҪôʱ䣬ó׼Ҳعྪš
Ͼÿ˵仹ᣬΪ֮ˣǧʱ䣬ΪżĿԽ
Ȼǰܹúõػȥ

˵սҪѪܹΪϵƿߡ
ңҲֻˣ֮лһ
ѪķֻЩʹУҲΪγʿ֪սĴڣȴһԭ
Ϊʹ֮һȻҲ֪˷ڵѪѡϣϫȴһ
ڻʸӰ¡ᰵ˿ǸǸΪϣӦùϫС
˵УҲֻгϫӵջ
¼ĥ϶һΣˣ޷ﵽĸ߶ȡ
仰˵ϫٲȻѳΪЩӵܵ޿

ϫܾˣգİСѪɡ
õϵı̫࣬Ҫٶһ
аţĿǵ˾ͽ򣬶ʱҪʱֱˡ
ԣҪΪЩԼսͬʹͬǣ׼һ
ΣԴԼˣ½Ҳͬˣڱ˴˵꣬һЩ㲻ʲô
ûˣѰ٣ûˣͶһź
ϫľֹ¡硢ᰡүӣ⣬Ϊ˵ĻʸӰ϶һĨ޷εȻ
˭û뵽ϫὫĻóһʹ죬˻
ҲһйŹ֡
Ҫֻ֪ǿΪɵǶ֮ϫȻ˸ɴóһԥûУβȣ
ϫ㡭ʸӰˣ֪롣
ǶԴܳʱµĶ̫࣬һֱûᱨᣬͰɡϫЦŵ٩
µ֮Ҳ׷׵ͷسϫľ
ʸӰижĪȦ죬ˮȻ֪ϫô˵ֻԼĽ˶


522 
ϫЦĻʸӰļ
һ̣һѶʵıһѩ͸ĳһɢΡϢĴӡһڹ⻬һˮĽ
ѩ󤵶ɽӡ
һϫһ̫ˣҪʲô
һ̣ϫѽ𰸣Ҷòˣѩ󤵶ʺӣңƥɽӡʺ㣬;ףʺү鶯Ƿ
˵ţƴǵؽɫѾС

涼ۺ첻ѵıϫ͸Լˣ
һ̣˸оļⶼڲǲţоеı֡
ƴǣϫֻҡͷ̬ȼ
˶ԣܹõһòˣԳϫԣأԶԶȲҪ
˵õ֮ʵٴһı仯պΣգҲӵһԱ֮Լˡ
֮ǰһɱ¾óϫһƾԼһˣԶ޷ͬġ
ֻеԼǿʱԼҲû˺֮ǡ
ҵȽƷ֮ҲȷòЩˣ࣬ﾡãҲûʲô
֣л֮һĿᶨųϫ򵥣ȴ͸һѣұظľȻζ
һҶ֪˵ʲôˣˣֵܣⱲӽˣǺңҲߣүݺݴ˳ϫһ£˵
⡭һͷЦ˵Ҳүһţ㶮ġ
ӣԱүŻѪֿԣǸô򣡡үֽһ˫ֺƵһ
ܲˣæ㵽һߣίеʲôŻѪҲûŻѪƭ˵⡣
ӣô˵𣿷Ҫүڷθ㿴ţҷǰ˲ɡү߳ŭ׷˹ȥ
СһûƷλӵֳѳˣȻӳԣζϷءһԺٺٹЦ
˺ȻЦ
귨ϫ࣬ǴֻͨԼ¡֮⣬˵ʵЩһǿ߶в磬ۺͶŹҵӵˡ
ս걮ϵĲΣǶǱϿɶѣֻƴʵĻҪһЩ
ӵ˰֮󣬳ϫţÿ˵ʵõʵ̫սĿУҲȫԺǿ߿⡣

ʸӰҪİȥսϿɡ
ϫסȥ
ǡòʲôɣ·ϣϫº紫дһ˿ǸȻ
඼͸ǣֽĻ˻ʸӰȴûиŮ׼ʲôеЩǸ⡣
ҲûκΣһȺƽסɽ֮һֻƿػдܷӳʺŮ
Ϊ֪ѲдҲǲ򣬲Ϸչרǹ
Զˮ֮壬ˮСڰִ嶼żߵƿҲʺ
ƽףıֻҲᴩˡ
ҡҡͷ
ȴԹص˳ϫһۣ˵ļһڲˣУҲøһһ
˵Լ̲סЦ˳ƺоܹ٩ϫһȤ顣
ϫӣ¶⣬лЩⲻȥҪ
ˣ㿪Цô˵ԼˣǸ˻ĻںһҪͣҲҪһһ϶һ޶ıܲ
˵̲סȤϫˡ
óϫеȻεʵ̫ˣô˻úõ٩һǼֱݰ
һ޶ϫȴˣü˼ãͷʱ벻ʲôǶһ޶ģҿ϶ҵġ
ԣ¶ǽ˳ϫе棬϶һ޶ĶҲ᲻һеõȻ͸Լ
һĨ޷ůŮͷٿ˵ھƷζ;׽һΪϫһ仰Īж
ָжǸе̤ʵϲʵ仰ܼ򵥣Ůԣȴ黰Ҫ
Ϊǳϫ˵ġ
ϫȻ뵽ΪԼһ仰ﵽЧ
ͽŮʫǵǰһ仰һһǲ㽣޹ط绨ѩ£ֻں˴⡣

̫սĿ飬ֻʣһµʱ䡣
忼ʲôû֪
Щִ̫սʹߣҲһĪģһ鿪ʼڵģ
ϫǴӿ˽⵽εִʹֹ߲ЩˣһУ½ʹߵִ
ӵƿȨģһбɣ
һλɣ˼ϵĴڣɴ˾Ϳ֪̫սεˡ
ϫҲֻһ־ˮϼˣǵɵòκ֮Կͷ
ǰҵСֻͱ־Ĩɱˡ
һɴҪ̫֮ǣĿ飬ϫҲһɼ
ɡǺεģ
ϫ˼ɣЩ޾սץÿһʱ̿Ϊľǳɾ֮λ
еִһֱҡ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻгΪɣлȥѰĸѩ䡣
СӣɺܸȤôһԵЦ˵֮ĿģԵ쳣
ϫʱӳ˼ѹͷҵȷ֪ɾӵкεǿ
ϷȰ㲻Ҫ˵̫硣ۺ룬ٺٹЦ˵Ǳ컹أ
УϫȻеһԼһǿ߶ѣԷȴɣܻУοԼҲͲʶ찡
ôأǱǴϹžܵ𻯵ɣΪʿʱµʦܣһֱ׷£Ҳ֪ôȥˣǷ񻹶ԴŮ
ӹһھƣͣ̾Ϣ꣬˿ܵõóֵĽܳٲȻһ콾ϧڳһ̣ѡֻޣǱΪɡ
ϫʱʹסˣԭµǰȻҼִ̫֮ǵǿ߱죬껹µʦܡ


523 
ϫ˵ġСôˡ
һ룬ͦģǰʦܣȻһɣ׷¡
ڽȴԼŮˣΪԼһ
Ǳ켴ִ̫֮ǣȻ£ǰһطֻ꣬Ĳ
Ǳ컹
أУǱռʲôλã
һ뵽⣬ϫоһɸΪһˣȻϣٺκεĹϸ
Сӣһˣ뱻ŮˣŬɰһвˣӺٺٹЦϷԸθ㣬ǰ¿ǽĺܣûĸܽУǸҲ⡣
Ŷϫһ¾Ȼ춼ϣȷİ
ʵϷҲ벻ףôһˣῴɵСˣȻԲͱ˹飬ֱһ콵޸򣬾Իһ䶯
ϫӣԼ֮ĿҲȷͦġ
˵ҪлˮϵŶԣûô˳޵飬ԼĿܸô󶯾¸ıԼ̬ȣ
֮һжڤڤעйԹޣйжԣйײ棬Ķǣѻһû䡣
ɵСģλпɲôöԸģڵ㣬ҲĶ֣һޣҪ㲻ɵ÷Щӵɫѵ
ȻԱλɣͬҲСѹ
ϫͷüΪɣݣӦòʧݵɣ
ǿ˵ã֮һ֣Թ˭ܿˣҡͷ̾Ϣ֮㻹СһЩΪáʱ淢ͻϷȻӲ
ϫû뵽Ӿ˵ʮĻ
Ҫ֪ǱһɣȫѰ˼˵λãϣ棬˵ɶԿˣֻ˼롣
Ȼȴ˵ˣԴǿ赭джԳϫά֮ȴ˼ᶨȻϫҲΪ֮ݡ
лǰϫһ˵
Żɣʵǿɰؾɵѣǰ̫֮ǣ˵֮ܰУݣʵȫԲôȫְ취ƴǡ
Ͳغͳϫ˵Ļ
ô˵ˣȾٶܲϫж
˵ٴˣҪϷǰӹһָֻǸģ
ϫݸϼһ￴֮ƢҲŹ֮ʵҲһǻѪ˰

ϫصסһռعͥԺŶԺСˮɽȪһƬ԰֡
ͥԺѻķϲ֪£˴Ĳ̦޺鲼ɢŹϢľ
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Ҳûκε飬̫սɲطҩ̣һ־տҲֻ˽ˡ
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ڿ̻񹂣ÿһһȡ֮֮ߵı⣬;࣬ڹ㡣
¯ڿգתϼɢʢԡ
ϫָһһſűԪע鶦ڣ¯Ȼϣֱ͸
ʱţԿһſűԪ鱻޾˿˿ƵɷʱһڻþӨ͸

һŨɢɢ䣬Ǿһڶܰٶ֣ˡ
˱㣬ϫ߲ɷһ˿Ц⣬ִ̽һ鶦ˡһȻֹ
һƵƥɳ¯ϸȥƥȻһſŵıԪɵģӨ͸ϼƣ㷢
ϫһӣЩѺ鵤ûʲôıԪһװڣһţ㹻ֵ̫սĿˡ
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ǻҲΪˣ̺У޲亱ޱȵ𣬾˵ӵԼǣҪѱǣҪΪǿʵС
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Ӱ׿Ȼǳһɨˣ֪ЩΪζˣֱӻ˵ο飬ѰٲѡΣֻҪܴ̫սлģͳͳԻýʸԭضҲĳ׸ԡ
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527 ŭȼ
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530 
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ǣ
ʱһɺ嫵Ӹɢ۳ǧĶСĻɹơ
֮ϣΰӰԡ⣬һƣͷ۳һ޴񻷣ųޱȵϢ
벻޾£ҲĨеսⰡ˵һǿӣ˫ᣬ̬޳Ͷ֮䣬һʡ
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ƤȻ纣ˮһε֮ɫü룬һ֧Ө׶ǣϢͬǿޱȡ
ڤ԰꣬ɱʹ졣ˣģһ᰺һ壬ƿŮˣۼʵȴ䴨ֻǿ
綯ڼҵŸҽӵֵϢֻԽ̫սУϣʲôɡ
䴨ڤм䣬һ𷢱۵ĸߴ꣬Ҳһǿߡ
ңԶ̫֮ǣʲôû̾˿ֵ֣ʼɣʱԽҵȵݾͱ¶Խ죬սپΪá
˵ͷŤͷǾȥȫĿꡪ̫֮ǣ


532 ٳ
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Ϊս򣬺ԥȫ濪սĺ
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ԣȫĺŽǿʼˣ
ȥһǰ壬飬Ȼȳ滹Ҫࡣ
ϵɷ֮ϵ䶯ţȻʼںÿһһµ壬ȼɽ죬³ɫʵ˲֪ٱ
Щͬһɷ֮໥ںϣ۳һͷͷι״ľ޴顣
ͷ˱۰򣬿׹
ȫǧɳĴִ󴥽ǣһͷɲ֡
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ɱ
ɱ
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ɷ֮ǵأɫ䣬һƴޱȵĽѵС

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䣬֮ǰɴû˵
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Сģǿ߽ˣŵǵϢСͻȻѵ¶ȵ
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ȶɣȾ䣬ֻдܰƽʿıʲôǣУ֮ءС˵顣
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֮ǰΪΪɱ̫֮Զƽ㲻ʲôУҪطţǼ򵥵顣
վԭزҪˡСĬΣͻȻ˵
ˣ
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ʲôϫ֣֮ǰҲϢҲֻǲټһԼͻΡ
СʩչֶͬȻֱӽԼӰ䡰ûˣ
ƫƫվԭһû۾ʶҲܸӦκα仯ķޱȡ
һֿռ䷨öѡСҪסҰ㣬Ҫ۵ģ仰˵õʲô븶ȵĴۡ
⡭Ĵԭ򣿡ϫü˵ʵֽʽеܲˣģûζ
Ϊάϵƽ⣬ⲻɳ㹻ǿ󣬾ͻףƽܹΨһ򡣡
С̫࣬ͻӰ쵽͵ڼ޻㡣
ϫȷⲻˣܹСȷΪԼãеһ˿ٺܿʧ٣ʵҸøĴۣ
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ϫһ̧ȥȻͿԶУĵ֮ϼ⣬ֱ񷣬ͨ㣬ˡ
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һǻϻܣһɫͫ׵ĺ꣬ͳ죬
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һǽ𷢱ۣݴһͷʨĸߴ꣬¬ԡ
˽ԶǴ˴δ磬ٵ̫սĿĺܼ򵥣ǰ򣬹޽̫֮ǣ뿪
ĵ벻˾ûֲ硢᰺硢ʥǿ߻ð˴գٴ˵ءСૣ뵽˼С
ϫȴһͷˮС˵һûֻģ³˽ԶĴ
һ̫սʱھӦȴλǿ߽ٴ˵ء
ǿ߽٣ǱǷصס̫֮ǣϫңԶ̫֮ǣЩء
е㵣ǵİΣЩǿ߹̫֮ǣֻ˶Ҫˡ

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˸һ֣˷ӿױȵѹֱɢ֮䡣
һЩûüӽڵʿѹʧأֱӱȡѪˮòҡ
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ʱӣϵʹߣҲ¶һĨݣӿһĨǡ
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˴̫սӵܣȫ˻سУû̤һʱһʵٿȻ쳹ʮء
ǾӰڿնԣͷϼ⣬ͨأҫɽӣӳĵƬصװ㡣
һЩӵܣʹߣеһɨգҵ㣬̤ʵޱȡ
ǰԼߣһ򣬾ǿкξ壿
ʹֻ˴ţسţ顭ͽĳˣʮ㣬̤ͷϼӿ֣֮䣬һ˭֮ɫ
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ĵΰӰ̤գ˲Ϣѱ̫֮ǰĿ磬졣


533 Ϊս
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˶ɫһ䣬еһĲսֻԶԶһۣǸеޱ;
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֪죬ôֵȹƣԶϫƴ˵һĻҲ֮
ͷոת֮䣬Ϳеɫһ𣬱âָأɨ˷仯Ťʱա
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кβңˣɱϾ졣
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˶ƴÿ˶Ϊµ̫֮Ƕս
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࣬ı죡
ΪһԱֵһ̣ԵɱУˣһѧ
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ķϫһԴָһ˿ѣ˵첻ЩǿߵĶ֣
а˼վ̫޷ӳټֻһ⻯ɱҪɱˣܡСƽ
⡭ϫֱˣ̫֮ǻᱻ̤ʲôӣֻڳ˶֮ɣ
ְɣΪ㣬Ϊͬ飬ҲΪˡ̫֮ǡС˵оһĨ޷˸С
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̫ˣС仰̼˳ϫҧгݣٴγɱһ𷢷ħ񣬺ֱײɰ˷
ʵɱϾ죿
ɱƴһȥɱ
սõĥʯҪģǰǱܳױֻܳɳĸ죬ʵǿ󣬳Ϊһ𣡡
ԣʽԼĴڣ־Ŀֻ꣬һ֡ս

Сһ仰ڶ𣬴̼óϫ˫۽ͨ죬Ѫһȼգսһڽȫһִս״̬С
һͷޣ¶Լצʼһɱԡ
һͷӥչ뿪ԼĳѨȥȡһƬԼĲ񷡣
⣬һִδй顣
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죬أδΪս

ϫڴսУѪգѻȻһС
ֻһͷս
״̬սɱȻûз֣ԼΪꡢǣѰʢǿǱ
֣תɶͨأӳϼʵԪӿ۽ԽԽԽԽ
΢ϣ£籡âһǿ׳ѪƤĤΪǿǱܡ
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ȻкܴһԭǣϫӱϮɱģЩԶһȥ̫֮ǣ뵽󷽣һڴɱķ
㷢ҲˣΪϫٶ̫죬Ͳ䷴ӦĻᣬͽͳͳĨɱ
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ոӣͻῴһâ˸ӰӣһƵģոսʵһĿĵĴ˰̡
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ߣҴɱϾ죡
Сһ仰ϫһƣһɨա

СΪսֻʣһƲǣһССܿģ໤䣡
֮ϣЦԡϻ𣬷֮䣬ϻҫգٻǧգԵ֮
ȷԲ綯ڼ̫֮עҪľٶֻ۵ʲôʱ򣡡¬Įޱȣ̵ɢ⣬ɱҰ
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УƬĽɫѪĵˣѪˡ
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а˼ػȫ޷ֵڡ
ϻôʲôҪսսʹ죬ұսֺ¹κˣ
ұһٴγǰɫꪺնŤգ̶ȫһηĴ򷨡
ȻƾγɱȴӲ˺ݺݴѹľ棬ԽսԽǳϵҲԽԽء
úޣұڴˣܻᱻѹˣЩҲ˳ңֻӳѵұҪ⻯ȼ磬оǲʡ
飡
ͷת֮ʣǿ䴨һ౩ɱ˫絶һƬӲӵķϼ⣬ɣѪ
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Ǹû뵽粻սʤı죬ᱻѹֵزѵЩǿߣʵɻ£
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飡
ٴαˣԡѪɫѱ;ƿݵıԵ
벻һССɾ壬Ʒԣֻ֮кټɣ֪Щڼ˵ļһɶһ۸ڶ½ΪϵġĵЦг̡
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ͻȻһɺޱȵϢٿȻӼԶɢƣְ˼ƬأŵС
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һӰ̤նԣ裬УȻһͷ޾Թ񶦡


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˭ĵȣͫоһƬУ񶦵ĳϫɢƣ̫ʱǸجεĿɲڡ
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˵ģȷǳϫɣȻǷȣȴϫȻͬһֳ֮Ϣ
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ܲˣҲܽܡ
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ԣѶԳϫɱֻһֱţҸѻᣬͽϫһĨɱ
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һֻССϣǿƣԼҪǿ
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ͨ徧ӨӨתԣԣܣƮǧ⣬ϼƷӿһֺΡ룬Ϣ
źǣڶڴȴһȱڣһ覴ãˣǿ֮˸޷ȳǺεȲεı
ֹӣһЩʵǿ֮ˣҲע⵽˳ϫе񶦣һľޱȣоﾹƱҪǿ࣡
𶦡ĵૣͫ¶һĨ׷֮ɫʲôֲȷġ
ԥʲôɱƾ֮񸴻ҺΣ䴨ȣȷ׵˫һһ㣬Ӳӹâ۳һϫɱ
񸴻֮ϵĳϫͻȻһ͸һ޾Ĳɣ롢˸Ϣ
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飡
𺳣ϫе񶦳𣬵ͽһӲӵļ飬ɽɢ֮С
Ʋ˺նˡһ䴨ϣһ죬䴨Ľ˫۶ϣӿɫѪ˸ǱɳȥѪֹ
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Ǻεȵεȵƣ
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򴽣ɲеĶʻͷŭȴʢôܣС
ԣһж񶦵Ĺͣһһرûһ
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538 սನ
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һж»ָ֮С
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ϫ͵ʲôֳ̧ؿȥСڣų˿֮ǰһĻĻ龰ӿԺ
죬СͷԣɱϾ죬ĵΪսʱʶڣֻС˶ѡ
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뿪ˣϫȴþ԰
ŷ֣һɵʱԼԵôָоеܲܡ
ǿֻбøǿʲôıͳͳһȭ򱬾ˣΪ˶񣿡ϫս˫ȭĿᶨ
죬ҪΪУǾͷɣһ̵ĳϫǰδеؿøǿ
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෴ѹĴ̼£Լһøǿ󣬿ɱһλǿߣ

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ȻԼΪҲﵽԲʱ˶ʱ;ˡ
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ܿ죬һԺͶ뵽Ǳ޵С
Ϊıǣȷһ˷ܵ飬Ϊϲľұ仯޷ӦƿصĻȴͬӰ쵽սķӡ
һʹĸ֣ͻȻһȴȫİĽǰļɺƿ޷ȥٿ½ˣԱҪֶκƿ򷴶ᱻ˵Լ

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вٵʿ׷׸һӣüһĨε˷֮ɫ
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һ·ϣҲǿ߼ϫˣԶ΢ЦͷϫĿиһĨԵľ͸м
ϫɱǿһĻǿɶУ˵һжشϫ֮ɵģǶԳϫĸм֮顣
ǿϫѾ嶤ˣǸȤǣϫֻ֮ѡķ
Ҫ֪Щʹǣɶ縺ŰѡͽְԳϫƣ϶׷׳֦ӭļ롣
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УƮ裬ߣͻȻ̤ǰڣӴ֮䡣
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ʦãȻ̤ʥͻȻڴЦըף̫֮Ƕ


544 ʥ
̤ʥնӰȼأʱЦֱХ糱쳹أն
Щʹ߷׷ɫ䣬æӵܷסⱻꡣ
ϫҲӵķ£ŰȻ
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һλԴһŮʿʵֻ硣
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ϫҲ⣬û뵽ͷȻ֮
ΪˣҲˣȫû⾿ô£ʦǴˮ̸ĸʱһǿĴΪӣ
³çˣʦãһصʦȻһСһ䱸ģ̤ʥЦȻֹͷ͵

ȻûϵԼֻһͷĶǴֱۣ֮һЩߴֱӸɨˡ
һֵģһΣһţٿȻСһɰ˿󺺣ϢȴͬİԵײС
ˣڳ˰˿ղ̤ʥȼصģʵ̫ˡ
ʦã߰ɣͻȻߣѾһЩ쵰ˣ˵ʦֲǣʦ֪ˣ϶Ĳҡ̤ʥٺЦ
СʱѻָѣһָԶı죬λ˵ˣξ뿪̫ս
ԣ˽Զǻһ£ŮˣĿǿԺ۵˭ǧˡ
ɫǱѿ֮ͬû뵽ᷢһʣһɵѵĴ
ʦ˵ģ̤ʥѪƵһɣ죬Ŀоɷ֮ɫȫһҪ˶ɵģ
ߣ̤ʥ⣬ɽʹߣֳɽگôҪΪ𣿡ɫߵ
˵˶ó̬ȱ࣬һУΪ̤ʥĴڡ
̤ʥһɨǽӲӵķگü鷳ɱ㣬ֻʦҪٱչˡˣʦã߰ɣԺлᣬʦҰ쵰
ȻһҲ̫˰ɣص飬ô˵أ
ոǺݺһ鴤ɫֱγˮڴˣȫ̤ʥϧֻһȫ̤ʥĶ֣Ҳֻ
Сٴҡҡͷ
Ϊɶѵ۸㲻ɣ̤ʥһɣɨӶȥģײеһͿ
ǣЩͬ飬Ī֮뿪ҲҪǣ򡭡ָָԳϫˣ˵
ʲô飬ȫԣʦˡ˵̤꣬ʥʹӦͳʦã뿪ҲԣɲܴǻţʦĹ涨ʦҲû취
ȻЦ㹻ˣлʦ֡
ȻûԼ̤ʥڵʲôϵⲢ̤ʥƣϫǡ
̤ʥʹӦˣԺ󣬳ϫȫԸǰŻС
ΨһЩźǣûܺݺʰһ١
ϫҲеһ⣬Զ˿ɲѣҲ뵽ʱɱһǿĴǰǻΣָоûʲô
ˣĶʱ͹ȣʱɱϫֻպɱˣȴòʵ
һ뵽⣬ͺ޵Ҫҧ飬һСϣȴôҲɱԼԼԺɽ㣿ηڣ
УˣţϵɲܴߣʥԵˣӦǡ
ʱͻȻһ䣬أƵĵ˴죬һУ·һɲǼ仯һƬ龻㡣
Ʈ룬һüĻü˳һɫȣձһ̡
ڳ˿ûһСϸȥͻ֣ᷢϵϢԨ纣˸̽鲻ǳҲߵͣԵ֮Ҳ˾֮
ʥǻụ̈ͫȻһ
ѾûӲʥǿͬһĹɣڵʷ֮ʮŶҪƾã
ΪҪǣ֮Уܹһʥֵģζţ߳һʥˣ
νʥˣ
ʥ֮ˣһעأ߳磬֮
Իü̵ݲȻʥ֤ʵжôǿˡ
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㡣̤ʥֵֻҪԸߣô㡣
ǾͺãǾͺðü̵ͷĿ˻ʸӰүϣһ߲ɷһĨЦ⣬Сһǿǽɱ֮еһؾڣˡ𻯷龭У
ǡʸӰүȻǵȷؾһЩУֻǸ㲻ǣü֪ģ
Ǿûˣͷ߰ɣ𻯾ʱǧ꣬ٴµĴ˼ˣοü̾˵һüģԺܹĸо
ϫһĻĻҲȻѣԴҲ벻̬ᷢչֵزдʸӰүҲʦţȱ仯⡣
ʸӰүʱҲ׹ԼȻײʥĴˣ
뵽⣬Ŀ˳ϫǸм֮ǴνؾΪϫİǲܻ˻Ե
仰˵ǶܹΪʥĴˣȫǳϫĹ͡
Уλɿɲ뿪˵ҪɱءʸӰһգͻȻ˵
˶ʱٴһ˵ǣֱ͸һްȻŮ˶Ǽǳģ
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Ŷһɵķѣвü̲Ϊ
ԣ޲ŤͷߣΪһɣȻӣָоֱҪ
ͺ¿Ҫͱһս
ԣԣСɮʱɱɱ
Ϊν׷ű𣿡
ֻ˳·˳·ѡ
ʱԶߣٴһ·ȴǺ֮쳹Ƭء
һĻԺвԼͬͬһͷòдǰҪմЩӵΪͽɣ


545 
ڳ˶û뵽췢ıʾ֮ࡣ
ΪһϵɣֻΪ˳γϫˡߡӣԲ֪֮ص̤ʥʥĻü̡
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Ҫ֪ղţڱָʹ£ûһɣԸϫǵģ
Ȼڣһȴˡ
Ҫ߳ϫ̤ʥҪ磬ü̸Ҫ߻ʸӰүȱ仯ЩԸǿ߾ĲѣЩʹǶԾš
ڵľŻɣλʮ֮һ֮һĳƺţȫѷɫĦĽիܵһ೬ɡ
̤ʥͻüڵɣ֮ʮҪƾáءϣִڴ˵еš
ǵţд˳ֻҪһעݺ˷ľ绽꣬£
̤ʥ޾£ͽնɱɣ
λӵܣұѡΪӣ˵Щǿߣʹ߶еޱȡ
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ӽ̤ʥͻüҲмһˣϣߵﶼصɴܵˣ
ƫƫòʱţΪ֪̤ʥǻụ̈ɱԼٷŭҲֱޱȵĸоò³Ѫ
Ȼ˴һһѹԶߣٴ쳹ʱо𣬺Ϊ֮һϡ
дｵˣ
θòΪеĳӵܶİɣ
ɫӲľԶߣ쳹صĺ糯ߺХ
ˣԵڴˣδ갡
ৣһ߳һģ´һ˫ЬһͨͨľĺС
Уžͺ֮УؽĴԵɮˣһ˫۾ȴ峺ޱȣӿȹ⣬üԼԼзʣȫྻȻڣȴմȾۻ֮һ㣬ۻ䡣
еĵһۣ˶о˼µǻۣһߣ֪۹纣
⻹ǳϫһμ֮ˣԶԶһȻһɺ嫡İתȻǷ֮ˡ
Щʹ߼Уȴɫһ䣬ԭܼ򵥣У֮в֪ûˣ˶˷ڵĴڣ˭뵽̫սһ֮ˣ
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Уôˣ缴ңĪǷҲסˣһԣüȻڵ
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ŵҲȤȡۡǡࡢΪ֮֮òһ׷ѰĴɣ̤ʥ뵽ʲôЦ
ʩȻл۸ԵײԵСɮȥ澭Ȼճɷ𡣡ŤͷЦп̤ʥ
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ˣǴӵܣ˳ϫ£ȫͻȻĴѡˣ
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546 ֮Լ
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Цݣ޲һȭ쵰ϣסˣû취ʱֳɽگҲκε
ΪڳϫǱߣӡ̤ʥü̡СնüλеκһĨɱ
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ҵǣգʦ»УҲ㲻УڳϫԺеǻɱ
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ֻ̤ʥߣ˵ʦ֣λҵһͬ飬Ϊֹ
ǰǰλͬɡʸӰˣҲԳߵĻü̡Сնü˵
һ̣ЩĿ⣬ˢˢ˱ϣĿΪȻɷĮ顭ȴܵһǰδеѹ
ѹеһѣɫѿޱȣû뵽ʱЩϰСһﾹҵһң
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ʵ֮ǰʱ򣬾˶Աָʹʹߣѹϫ˸еϾ죬ϫǻȹڳһΣ첻֪жͼԳϫԳͷúܶ˶ȥ
񣬼Ҳ䵽ⲽأжǰˬѣֻȴǲֳˡ
ϾǿɲǳϫǶԣһ޷Ĵɽֻȥηᵡˡ
λѣһԡ
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ϫ类һ仰ûһһƬκˣ֮󣬾ʽΪ£


547 µ
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ֵϵǻȻ۷׷ףк棬˺εȴ£ô𼱻ǳȥ

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кȻ׵ˡɢˡüĪ˵ԭĵ档
Ͻĵ棬ֻбһˡ
ȥʮλ棬Լλĵٹ١׹ݣһκ˶ľ֡
ʱеĿ⣬ȫϡ
һΰӰںڳɢڱݹ棬˫еâ½棬İ˫
ʱޱȵϣȴһʧ֮ɫþȻ
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һ뵽⣬˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʲôˣòѪħҪ˰ɣ
ĳɺ򿪿ѣʱóʴӻѹĿ⻺ɨˣÿɫһ࣬ϢԵžѻȸ
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˶һ㶣ѵǷʲôʣʲôشϲ·ˣ
ô˵ʵЦǸȾˣǶ˿˵ûʲô·
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˶һЩȻٹأ죡˺εϲ£ñʮľ
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ݣȻ֪ΪͨӵܣҪ˳жôĲףǾһ
˵ÿ궼һӵ̫ܽսɳɼȴֹۣǽǧÿν̫սĴӵܣȫû˾ɥ
һĴӵУȻ˳ɹ뵽𺳺ϲҲͿ֪ˡ
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飡飡飡
ڣϵľƱһըѷ飬һӰǱıһˮȴȻδ㣬ѱԴˡ
Բ֪֮ص̤ʥ
ʥĻụ̈
ԴµУ
ħڵķնü
һ֣һ۷֮еȻӵһգ
˵ĺôأɫӲ㱲ѣû
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Ҳ֪˶ãγѰ㣬ѹͷƵļȴǶʱڻ֮ȥġ
ǴʱҲףΪγҪٹأˡ
ϧԳϫ֮ˣȴ뵽Żɣ˵ʮ֮һӵɣȴЩƽӹˡʱ̾Ϣڡ
ԣɫһ죬ǿɶ֪Գϫ֮ǣһڣΪϫϧγûз̵ζڣ
һɨҡͷˣʮŵĵ̣򵥡οɵǿܾһ˵ĵ;̣Ŭǽɽ磬ҲǷһ
˵⣬зһĨпοϫǱ֮󣬱˵ǣ޶δ˽
һĬȻǰϫϽƫԶ֮ضһ·һ·ֱǰϷ˶ٵ漣ûù
֣Ǻأֱķѡˣ˳ϫ˵֣ȴûԼҺϢ˰죬̲ͣס˳
һŷӦ԰˵Уȷûлʸ֣½ҲûС
ٿȻ͸һĨɱĮȻ֮ɫˣ


549 ͥ
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羪ף˶Ȼһû뵽֮Ӿɳȴ治顣
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һģץ֣ĿңңԶߣ૵磬ȥɣ¼ڣûܶҡһ˿һ

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ĳϫڶ࣬ԴѷĴȭǴصͨѧСһ㣬ǶƷѧֲΪգֻ農ڼʱڳɳΪһǿߡ
СһҲѽ˰ɣ缴ңУɳخૣԶߣƿռ䣬磬Եޱȡ


ھž 徴


550 Ż

һƬ塢ۻ׳֮ĺ嫴½һƬӵ桢ء
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ɵ塢ħﹲ棬Ⱥ۲ʥԣһʷʫҫ۵Ĵ
ҲǾɽĵط

˺ѿĿռͨڣŤļµʹӴųϫ㴩ͨС
ǳϫһνͨһͨЩԾ
ΪͨܣӿѤͷ֮Ĺ⣬ЩŤţӿţɢļޱȵĻϢֻҪһͻ⵽֮֡
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֮ܿܿϣӵƾޱȵĴУûķ˵Զƿ
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ԿǾɽϣһɢϲɣϢĴ۴αȣ޽ϵɹ㣬磬ų档
ԶԶһϫƾһֲ׺һڣСϰĸо
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ҾŻɵĵӣʳࡢǻĹ壬Զڴеġ˵
ϫͷ֮ǰġ徾Ҳ࣬徴ڣˡȡȵȡ
ǻĹǿɲԻĹʱӴĸֹ壬塢β塢塢ħ塭ȵȡ
Щһֲ徴磬ھŻ㲻϶ô顣
ľͷϷվס
ڳϫܾʱ͵Ӵȳ̧һͼһһηؿӣηηġ
ͷ෢纣ɢڼϣģ㣬ü˳һܴºͣЩɬꡣ
ǲֱ˱һ٣ȻܷͷˣƺƤһͷһͨľͷԴ˴㣬㲻ỹ֣ôôͽܣ
෢걻ͷ­Ͼ֮ɫһֻ޲ðԴɳ㡣
ˣҲӲһΣһ㶪ˣ෢ģգֺ̧üҪջסˡ
ǰϫɿһе㿴ˣλʦ鵭ôҪΥԣк档
ԣ෢мؿ˳ϫһۣаѳϫ֪ĸо
ߣʲôƨԣ֪ȡһҲֻܱ۸Ӻһɫȴѻࡣ
ϫЦЦ෢΢΢ͷȴŻɵ֮ľҲ


551 ͻ
ɽƼΪ׳󴣬ϣ֮ͨ㡣
ѵ෢û䣬ʹͳϫһɽۼȥ
·ϣϫҲ˽⵽෢꣬ԻĹеһ壬ĺᣬյĵ֮һ仰˵һѪܴޡ
óϫ˱ϣŮ˿ҲǾݱϷĺᣬҲ֪ǷҲͻĹеıϷһĪϵ
ıԺ˳ɬСƵģϫȷţһеģֻģ̫㣬ƢҲ̫ãԾԵúᡣ
֪ϫǴ̫սжʱ壬֪ҪһͨСִжôĲס
ܿ죬ӴŶɽۡ
һֺΡĹޱȣܷŵɫϸâǴ̫һֱ浽ڰ㣬һֲɣԶϢ
Ʈƺڣ嫲£ɫȸͷűԣںգһգӳĵһɹ㡣
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ʦ֣ڻˡϫ˸յִƽ̨ǰһЦԶ
ϫͿƽ̨Ű˺ܶʯʮϥ󣬻һŮ
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ԶԶһŵo㣬ϷɢϼѤ룬ܵӳյͨŹ
ȻЩǾŻɵĴˡ
ϫĿЩһɨ͸ϽջأȴǰԾΪЩͷŵϢ޵Ԩ㣬һ궼Ҫûļ¸о
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֣ЩҾŻɵĳϣʦһոմطǱŵŮһͨؿˣҪšһԵѡ
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֪Żɽ壬жϻ컪ػ񻪡ﻪɽ塣
ϱķ壬洫Ǳ֮أÿһɽϣһλְҵ
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ЩڸλŮǣԶ¶һĨ˷֮ɫǺͳϫһǱλϴطѡγӵܣһݺᣬʵǿҲʶʶЩԼһŸոռŻɵӵܣкˡ
ӼˣȴǺԵúƽȴЦѣ֪ϫʵͬжǿôԼԾȡ衣
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ЩŮҲ¶һĨʧ֮ɫû뵽ϫس˵ӦսûС
֡קקϫ½ǣԸսˣ֮ѣӦսҲûʲô˵ġ
ϫӳ˼ѹĿһɨܣ˳ϣǸȻǸҸղˣ鷳˵һ顣
ղŵȷ⣬ܸ㲻Լô˳еġʦܡⱲʲôʱģ˭ģ


552 ǿϮ
ϫı֣оͳ˳ţֱĿ˰˼ʽսȴһӶ˼طˣ
û뵽һ￴º͵һˣﾹš
ȷƽ̺λǰĸСģµˣãȥ˼룬ȷġ
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ЩŮԶ۲ѣϫĿ⣬ѴһĨ棬һôţǸоԼ㹻ǿ
㡭ɫһ׹¶ҧ˵ã˵һ飬ʦܿɸҺһս
岻ǹ涨ֹŹɱôϫüĿһɨܡ
֣д裬ɱƽ̺λڳҲѪ顣͵
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һָָ۳һֱ֮ӽǵ顣
ת壬ֱ磬б䣬ʱ֮䣬һŨޱȵĴɱںӿűǰɣûǰɣǺã۾ƺã֮Ĳж󣡡
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ŷ֣طԽʾԽᱻӣ෴ֵԽǿƷӮòأƽ»ͥλϵ̬УͿƷζó
ָоͺŻɺܹµȥһҲֻоѡγ˲Űɡ
һ̤Ҫ֡
ˣʹֹɡʱƽ»ͥڵ
ԣǲĶߣɫЩѿԭ˴һӵƣ͵ʴףеΪѻ
ޣ꣬ʦȻ壬֮ءЦ˵־ϫı֣е⣬оһܺԼθڵĺͽ
ǣʦ𡣡깪˵գһشųϫת뿪

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ŹңɲǣͽһͨѡЦһƣЦ˵Լ࣬ԵЩĪ⡣
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ս걮һ
ڳ˶һسϣ۽Ƕסһ鴤û뵽ղСӾ˿ֲǱʡ
Ⱦ磬ʵѼ˲֪ٵţž޵ģݺģʲô͵ĶУɷڳϫϵһУԾǸеޡ
ȷǾޣҪ֪˽٣ޱȵ徴ϣҲеܹϫܹҶɹ˽٣ζӵ˳ɳΪһǱʣ
ȷǸӰƽ»ͥ̾
ǿ϶ģҲ˭յͽܡһԺ
ȻҲ֪ӾƢû˭ƽˡ
ϧֻ޷ɳˡͻȻɫЩʧ䡣
ʦ֣˺£һǿǵһμϳ״̬
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553 ֮
ֺۣ֮ϵĴǰ
Ϊӵһ仰նʱһƬž֮С
徴磬˵ʮһĳУԶСߡĴڡ
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ΪҪǣߡݱ¶쵽ͻᱻǿɽɽ磬Ե˼磬һһ̶ȵɷ
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һ磬λΪ˶ǡƽ»ͥĿһɨˣͻȻڣνӢÿ궯ңȻԵ٣ҵȶԣҾŻɶԣͬһ͵
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λϺȷΪ˵ǾŻɣУҲδ
õʾޱȵ˵Ҳһʮ꣬˵ɾ硣
ϫ츳ٺãܺõĹ


554 ĺô
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˵ֻǾŻɽһɽ壬ȴۻޱȣռ֮ң
Ӹ߿ոӣڹɽŭŵһҶͨ죬ϼɢޱȡ
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ԭϣֻܼλͽܣϳϫҲֻˣٵĿԶԶûɽȡ
񶫻壬洫һǧˣϻʹӡŮ˲żüãҲǾŻɡ洫ķ塱ʵǿһɽ塣
ν洫ķ壬ָϻɽ塣
˶˲żüãʵʢ֮⣬ϻҲĵӣԶħ⺷ơ
յӽԶŮʿλΪȻʵͬС˵ѡŻ洫ӵһˣԱһ֮Ů
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ʦֱٴʦˣѾܿˣ򲻻֣ڣ»б𣿡

ʱԶƺһЦмźεĳЦ
ϫƳһԵ꣬ͼ㴿꣬ǵͨ죬ûˣȴǽ촽һŭԵģ
ʦܣ߰ɣҪЩĵˡɿ˵һĨ͵ǡ
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һ֣ͰѳϫΧʢˣȻѲֹһôɹˣԵú졣
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ۣӰﾡ֮ɫģӢֻȴһɳƼ̶ĺܡ
ҿҲǣŸλǰЩӱĺ̤أԴһЩῡܣΪ洫ӣǰλʦܣȻʦġ
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ϫʦܡ󼱣֪ϫʵɶ߰ӣɶǶİ֮ǣ
԰ꡣϫ
ħ㣬꽹겻ûɱðࡣ
Ȱ裬ֻǷɿ͵ϫʦܣΪ׵ĶŹڣǻĹ֮һڤѻһ壬ʵǿѿҪڤ֮ΪҲĺ֮ЩҲһʵСҪСЩ򲻹ӣתӻ壬Ӧûü
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ᣡŹԵһеŴ˵꣬ѹЦˡ
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ԣǰᡣŹһҲнģôϵİ֮֮Դ֮֮ȵªϰһľС
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һĶ⣬Źֱӱɰ⣬ñѪ˳ǰֱðǡ
᲻ô˵ʦøлҲŶԣڰ㾲ءϫǰЦ˵


555 洫
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ʦܡ
˵ǸϣͷҲ̧תߣٶ죬ģֱ޲õˣû취ʵ³ϫʲôѿҪˣǸǸо˼¡
ʦܡл뿪󣬳ϫҲȥ·ϣмñ˰죬ű֣ϫĿУ͸һľ塣
ЩӣŹЩ۸಻ԣˣҲѰӻˣϫչŹڳøƤƵģЩ쵰ԼǸִδйĸоԳϫм
Ժڣû۸㡣ϫЦļаԸпôɾֽʦ֣ʵҲͨԼ֪ϻкܶӵƷʴڵġ
ʦܣ˶Źڣֻ¶ĵӲưոݰͻȻü
ԭŹǶ԰Ƶĵ֮һʵΪǿԸȴǺ֮һЩǿ洫ӣŵӣŵҲ˱۸á
֮ԸŶûܵκγΣ̡
ĸǾŻ洫֮һǰЩΧһնɱʮͬʿиһλڤʿУɴ˾Ϳ֪ʵжôǿˡ
Ҳˣܵ˾Żɸ߲صλȻˮǴߣܴ֮һЩ϶Ҫá
Ŷ洫ӣȤҲ֪ʵǿ̶ֳȡϫ˼һҰӿֳһϼʢɽ壬Ҷͨ죬׳ޱȡ
ʦܣˡһָԶɽ壬ӿһĨĵϲãǾ壬ʦֵǵǱ֮أ


556 ϴ
壡
Ȫ٣ï񣬴ɼҩƮ㣬޳û
̤ɽڣ߽һƬɼұأ֥ҷϼ¾뵣Ʈˣʱѣ裬
壬һڵƷϵĶ츣ء
ϫһ̤ɽϣһŨĿиһ˿˿֮ڣо嶼϶ӡ
þ˵ھ̺һ˿˿ڴˣ²ֻҲ٣ٲ֡ʿԣڴǱޣֱһĪ컯γѰţϫа̾вС
ڴŨϾĶ츣أ
һУԵôڲͬ
߾ǧɣռȻ츣ġҩ鲼ɽ£۲֮ۻ룬ϻԶԶ޷ȵġ
һʰ׶ϣһԺ˵ص֮ص˰㣬ӵľǻϲȻźĸ顣
ʦܣԺǱޣϸãʦֵˣҲòôģ
˵⣬һԥҡҡͷ˵ˣЩ£ǲҲգʦ㰲ڷˡ
ϫȻԽˣ¾Խడ
һģһ߳嶥ƮӶȥ
·ϣϫҲڸһЩû֮ǰܼӣǱСһ
ʦлĪգǻĹеһĺᣬ洫֮Ѵﵽ¯֮زһվտĴʦ
ʦ¬ԻĹеİ壬ó񳯷컨׹
ʦȳӣһ壬ںڰ֮ݺأ侪أֳ
ʦжףһޣ̥ʯ֮УޱȣøּͨԹֹ
еһŮʿţԻĪһһ֮䣬ʮ㣬Ƿܻ
塢顢ЩʦʦǣǷͬѰЩʦʦĽܣϫһȻ˵
ȷܾ棬ŻԽɣж͸һɱ֮ԼЩʦʦǣȴһޱȣóģûһͽйأò˾档
٣ǿɲǣǿɶţҪҲᱻʦΪˡЦо͸һľǾǷԷθ
лᵽһҪʶʶϫЦˣͻȻ֣ҲȤЩʦʦϣԼѧ벻Ķ
ˣʦóʲôϫʵ
ңһЩ˼ڨڨҶűȽϸȤ
ű󣿡ϫȻһۣʵڿһԵôޱȵļһȻԴжӡ
ţǰʦĪҪЦңȻϲű󣬵ҲֻÿսûҪսȥɱ˵ġϫôһţ˼ͷˡ
ʦ֣սʱܷһԹĦһ£ϫ黭սδӴ࣬ʵںܺ棬Щʦʦ֮ġ
ȻԣʱСʹӦȻӰĶܱϫͣҲܿġ
˱߱ģ֪䣬ѵ嶥
嶥ûлֺĹҲû۴αȵĽȺټƽ̨ϣ֡б̺л֮ûκηݣ˾ס㡣
ȻλʦҲСڣԼĶЩĵûеġ˵ʦס߶޽û˻ġ
ˣֻҪһ֮ؾ͹ˡϫЦЦܣʵˣʦ֮
ͷʦһٳϣʱ䶼ңδʦʦһλصš
ͲǣϫȻоʦģҲˣյͽܲܲˣԼȥңˡ
ʦ˵һһ˵ĵ;Լĥѧʲôȥﻪؾѡ֮һжҪԼȥŬЦ
ţҲʦţпˡϫͷ࣬Ĺ۵㣬ϫΪͬ
߰ɣҴȥݼʦǣٰ㰲ö˳˵ʱʦǿ϶ϴ֮ϡ
ϴأְϫૡ
ȻƬ̺󣬵һƬ͵±ǰʱüͷһ壬˵ʦ֣ϳʦֵ⣬ô
һʲôɫо¶һĨɬУҺܶ࣬ʦҲ֪ϻ洫Ӽ֮࣬ĿӴЩ޾ס֮أ͡
ˣϫüͷһ
ǣû취ˣܲܰ˸ȥϾͬһšЦ͡
ˣˣʦǺЩ鷳ǸϽȥϫϵ
鷳һһ̣ѾϫţһĨ⣬ԶǶ±ڳȥ

¡¡
ϴ֮ϣǧɸߵٲӶ֮к£ӣˮɽƵĺ硣
ϴشǧĶΧˮʳγ⣬ʢһӵҺ¶㡣Ũĵطع㡣
һƬ嫻˷Ÿ滨ݣҡҷڷУԡƮУ׳
ԶԶһ羰续֮ء
ʱȴ˷
֣ڴУȴôߣǿҵǱϢ֮أҪϴؾΪУֱд
ϴϣһͷ׳ŭȣ뷢ŨܣŵϰţżӲͭĹ󣬿Ϊ۽
󣬻һŮʱҲԶŭޱȡ
Ƕ棬ʮˣǹ°ӵһƵꡣ
ģ˭أ׳ŭЩ˽ԶΪȻЦѣֱӺ˵ĶԷķŭ
ߣ岻ӭЩ̰Сˣ׳о޴ȵ羪ףƥ
ߣϴҵȵĵˣҪҲߣЩϲȱأֱǱ
˭˵أ⡮׳աɶҾŻɵ棬ǣɴĨɱˡ
ϽɣĥߴСİᰡ
һȺ˻ߣ򼥷вֱ׳һŭɶ
ǡ޳ܵ˼£ѵʦǣ׳ҧöͷ
ˣʦ궼ûˣˡһֱûڵͻȻߵһᣬԼ뿪ҵȰЩ͡ߣ
׳һȻһɫޱȡ
ֻԼĵĵ;ϰûҪΪͷ룬ԼͺģԼһ
ѵûһƬݵԼ
ɫļЦ֮ɫһ̣ǸеǰδеãȻʧ䣬ʹ顣
˭˵ĵӶһȺģʱһĮٿȻ쳹ؼ䣬羪װ㣬ըڳ˶Ĥѿ


557 һ
һٿȻ쳹ĮȻ͸һɺεɱϢڳɫ͵һ䡣
˭
׳գѵиִڣ
ǳ෢Ũܵ׳ˣҲһһǺİƺĵӰ
ಣಣ
ʱӰٿȻڳУ׳ǰ
Ϊһ忡䣬˾ΣƮȻǳϫԵģȻˡ
ʦܣ
׳һϳ꣬Цѣɫ±ðҲףĵҲ޷ıǰ档
ʦ֣Щ쵰Ҫǿռϴ𣿡ŭҧ˵
ˣҲգ治Сøǵˡ׳ȻҡͷȻѡ
λʦ԰꣬½ʦܴˡϫͻȻڣ׳ЦЦ̤ЦһĿɨȺˡ
ʦܣǣϫʦ֣׳˽һɻѡ
ʦ֣λǡɿ촫ѳϫһжϸ֮׳ˡ

һİˣ˶ʱ˿¹һĨЦ
ΪŻɵӣĻ᲻֪һ򲻻ڵķĵƲ˻
ԵˣȻûܺΪѵģʵǿȥΪǡ
ߣ벻һ򲻻ڵʦܣȻҲҰˣټ
˳ϫһвӿһĨмЦǾŻɵ洫УƺûôһɣʦܣĪŵİ֣
ŵӣʦܵѻడ˺ôЦ
ãΪŵĸ֣͵øһֱ۵Ĵۡϫƽղʦֵ˵һĻĻУɱӿ
ôĿҲԼͷɭȻСӣҶɲɱ֮
ɵô˵Ϊ̽һ̽ϫĵףϾһЩˣǵûо£һݲȵģԵúܲ
İ࣬Ҳ֪ҵ֣ϫĮȻ
Ȼʦ֣
Сӣô˵أ
ϽصǸһΣ
˷׷״ȣĦȭƣһԲϾʹֵļơ
ˡɫһһĨŭһѹסŭЦˣ½ŵĵӣ֪ҿٸһλᣬھ뿪һҶԵû򡭡
ʲôϫɫȻ˼ʵ
ǾƲԳԷˣɫޱȣ˵һΣǺ֮飬ϽҪСԼС
˸㣬ҲӡϫܵĿһɨˣڣǻڹģҷȥߣԶ֣ʱҿɲܱ֤Ƿɱǡ
ôĿϻô࣬Լˣٰ಻סŭɭȻһЦͻȻָһ㡣

һĨƥĽ⽣ֱֶϮϫ塣
ʮɣŰ壬̺Ľ֮⣬һɶնɱµơ
ŻɵƷѧ֮һʹ˽κηһ㣬ŷƥɱ֮һЩɽҪɲ
˵Ż̫һضƬ־֮⣬ӡĴ壬˼֮
񹩷ھŻɵ¥ڵġŻ䡷˵һһƬǬŻɵʦǲ򡶾Ż䡷˷ǳѧͨ
ԴԡŻ䡷еһּĵƷѧ

ƿգƽգƥȻ⽣ϫȴɫ䣬̽һץָ֮֮תֱץһ
ּ죬Ƽ֮ļµڹ⣬һɼȵųֱ֮ӽһǯס
꣡꣡
һСҪһա
ˣǶȴǲϲ¶ıóѵЦݣǧһ֮䣬ףŭ
ˣ
ǱϫץסͻȻǿŨһö裬񻨰Ƶģ͵һɲǼŭʢƬƬУɢ
һŭʦ־ȳ̶ȣһɱնԵķʤƽ̴ƾУ֪ɱ˶ǿħͷ𺳲ѡ
ʦǲΣˣʦֻĪյ˽Զɫһ䣬䲻ϲսڣϲʩչģеľУ
ۼϫ첲ҪһŭһбǾΪҪĹͷһУͻȻӿһױУǱɢϸ絶аĸȫһգ
Σֱţ뺣û㲨û˵ϫ˿
ôܣʲôѧȻһʧ
ҲһɫѣţϫȻͽ־ͽһŭˣ
ʵҲϫ䣬ȻȻǲԸģǾͽĳͷɣ
ৡ
δ䣬ϫӰʧԭء
ߣųϫкεɱ֮⣬ɫһ䣬̤һ⣬ԥתƿնȥԵùޱȡ
ˣδ棿ĮڿƮţϫӰһĨ⣬˸󣬶ָΪһ¡
һҽУֻұ۱ѪӿȪ۵Ӱһ򣬲ӰԵ
飡
һ̣ѱϫץסƵģ˵ϣһƬ̳
Ӱ
һĻЩͬһһð־ŵó˷ɢȥģ޲õˡ
飡飡飡
Ȼӵٿ죬ηȴһӰӰΰǰ紸һķɳȥµԭȵλã˲棬ʹѡ
һʱ֮䣬ϴ֮ϣ½Ӱ㣬һӰͨͨ׹ڵأغ«ƵĲҽвѡ
𺳵һĻʦֻĪյ˶ˣû뵽λСܾ;ף׵ұն䣬Ҫһ򾡣һҲŹ
ϫ˵ʩʩȻزҽеļһûκԼڵϵĿ¾Ǵʦˡ
ʦ֣ϣܹжĵӣϫʵ
һʮˡ겻˼
ôࣿϫһͷҲãվͳô˻ᣬЩǿռ̵Ķͽȫȥʡպ鷳
˵ţӰһݣ͵ϿУƲУ·壬Ӵ˿𣬷ӣͳͳҹȥ
ƻХƣ쳹¡


558 ҹ
糱ɢ£ǹƺɢɽŵɪɪӴܣɹ
ռӴ󣬼ֱ˼һС͹ȣȻ˿̣ϫȴܹشɽÿһռ䣬˾̾
һ۵ĶڲҺ̲סһʱֹסңһﾹҪһ֮ˣ
һ̣ףԼᵽˡ
ˣǱľٲκӵͷнп಻ôܳһɱǣ
ֱȺдܳһֻͻ˷ʤ
ʦֻĪյҲסˣСʦܺɱˣǼֱһС
գСʦ˷ս֮ģɱģ־֮ѷ
ʦ¬̾ԻĹеİ壬ϸɵãϫһ仰̺ŵɱ֮⣬ó
Сʦܵĵ֮£СʦڣԺֻ˸СˡʦҲͬѡ
ȻԼóУȴޱ֮ˣȻó˳ϫ֮󣬻潫һĴǰή̬֮µ
ϫ£һ̣һĶݹ⣬ٿȻ·Ӷ飬ϰٵ֮࣬εΪ׳ۡ
˭˸ڴ
Ҵޣ
ʲôҵ˹壿ôĿ˭ôӣ
ǻ˰Ӻúһ¯ҩһſȫˣ
Ǳߣϴ֮ϣ
ߣһȥҵҪ˭ôӣҪȫ뿪壡
һŭԵΪջ𣬺ܿ죬˺ܿͷ˳ϫڣһڳ
ϰ˾£һ𣬾ưնƵҲΪˡ
Ȼǵִϴ֮ϣϵұ۵ĶԼЩģǱͬʱ˵ɫһ
ʦ֣˺£ǾŻɵϣ˭ҽұն£ֱ޷ˣ˲⣬߷߳
죬ȴֽϣпɬѣЩ쵰ѵû׾
ģһݣĿӻĪյһɨܿ춼˳ϫϡ
УĪա¬˾һϲ֮ĵӣҲҶˣô𰸾ͺܼˣ˳ģ϶ģİˡ
Сӣղģʵ
ôϫ
ѾЩһԶӣԶ࣬ǵĵϻ첻ȥռɽΪȡᣬռֶģֱ͸һȳûʲô
ʦֻĪĵǱǳһƬģĻ뵽Щ˲֪жͼôߣŰ裬ȵôʦһ಻ԣֱһ
ʲôк˵òñ˵òӦ
񣬼ȻԼˣԲЩ쵰Ϊȥ
ǴҶ˱ЦȵʲôҲҲ֮£
ž
ϫӰһһһƳȥֱӽ˳ÿѪ˱һɴݺݳգһľ׮Ƶġԡ˵棬˫ȳ鴤һ£Ѿ׻ʹȥ
ʱϫѻصԭȵλã֮ٶ֮죬ֱѴﵽŵĵز
˻
ֻǰһԽ˵棬˹ȥԶһгԾޱȡ
˶вңĿϫȻ˵һɨˣ֪ھ͹ǿ϶ǿ֮ɡ
˵ţóһöӰ
ˣ
һһĨӰӳְУܼ򵥣ǳϫסһ˵Ĳ龰
Źʦ֣ǶĶŹʦ֣ͫȻţŵһĻ
Ź˭
洫֮һĵܵܣ
ݣΪҪڳκ˸ߣԸҲţֻܴ۸۸ĪյˣŹڿǸڶ嶼Ϊ
֮жвܹŹڵ۸񣬼һ޷ȻϫģеҲͿ֪ˡ
һٴγֵǶŹڵͬǣǸһĻ
ŹڵЩͬ飬ŮҲԶǶΪĵӣνۣȺ֣ܸŶŹһ죬ȻҲ
ЩˣЩĵӲ˲ֹһΣԼһĻ֮ڳٴһ𣬾þԡ
£
̫£
ѶŹģ˵ֱȶŹڵЩͬ׷׵Ǹжǿʵһ
ӰһţʧϫʱŹʱΪԷгöӰ֤ݣȴҲû뵽ڴʱó
ڣǷ˾ϫȻʵ
˽ԶγѰ㣬ѹٴϫʱĿѴһļɵ
ѡʹ뿪ȴּΪģΪϣûпɹĶ洦Ƕ츣أ
壬Լǣɽϵҩֱǲߢû˸ҹܣңҪǾô뿪ܸˣ
λʦ֣ҵȱ֤ԺΪɷҵڴǱޣ˳ʵϣؿϫ
ЦЩȰռ壬ѹ˶ģӶ˶ҩǰȻ뿪Ѹӣ֪ҪĪǡȶŹڻҪ񣿡ϫ˵
ɫʱ粻ŭԡ
ãҵ뿪˼ˣϨͷܲģԳϫŹڶˣҲֻˡ
ھ͹˭Ҵһһľǵİϫ˵ţһָԶĶ
һŶϱۣ߷ߵú޲طУģ̫ˣҲֻϫ䡣
ҵȻضȥʰѵӦô˹û취ǶвЩѼһЩߣǵʧڶ
ǰҵʰԼĶ֮ˣٲ̤һҲ׷׳һĨ֮ɫ
ǻûʧ壬ǾԶɣǡȱһЩʹȥڿʯϫţԵ֮
һβԹޱȣ޲ȺϣˣȻһ뵽֮ǰӰҲֻҧ
һ
ϫ˵ĶУȴ߻㣬ٲͣŤͷͳԶȥٶһһ졣
ҪʹôϫŤͷˣŵɫһ䣬Ҳæ𣬷ҲƵ뿪̻ɥ֮Ȯ
һĻĻʦֻĪյ˽Զ𺳵ԸӣҲκδʻԼˡ
ֻ֪ԼСʦܼ֮󣬱Ȼᷢ츲صı仯


559 ͱ
壬ϴ֮ϡ
뿪ջָյ
ϫǰЦŹ֣ϫλʦ֡
˵ţ̧۳ЩʦʦǴȥ
ʦֻĪĸߴ󣬳Źͭɫţɫ뷢Եúܴ
ʦ¬£òΪӢһ鶯ǷһѣԵúѡ
ʦȳһɫ߹ڣ°ɫݣԵúࡣ
ʦֶˣٷ磬һ޷ԣԵúر˵ޣϸϽȴ̥̥ʯУޱȡ
ʦ㰢С˫٣ɣЦ绨һһж͸һɴȻζ
֮ЩʦʦǣԸص㣬׾͸̵ӡΪѵõǣϲɱ֮ȻȻ׾øС
СʦܣĪҪûʲôصġĪչЦߣһȥ֣ΪСʦܺúһ¡
ԣСʦܳէͽǵ鷳ȫˣֱ콵ǣҪһҲ׷׵ͷЦ˵
ǣһʢ磬ϴ֮Ļ
ʦֵˣϯضƽ̸ڡ
ϫҲڼʶЩʦǵľա
ͨɵĶʦֲ֣ߢһöҶһƵ鶯ϴ˵꣬һڻϲ֮С
һعЩɾһˮƵķţѶ׷Ө͸
ϴ֮ϵĲݵؼ䣬۲лȻţ֮Ȼԡ
⣬Զɽּ䣬ʵŶʦ趯ڵأ¶֮ɫ
һ̣һĻѽ˷죬취أȻİ쾡µر
ϫһĻ𺳣ƾһɴֻӦеĸпʦ֮ܽһȾ磬ȷǾޱȣ˾̾
Сʦܣ㿴ʦΣʦ㰢Ŵ˹ȣһױƵøϫ
ϣīɽˮ䣬һȺ֣ΩΩФʦֵˡ
ϫǣ⻭ʱǻеƷƮǺˮǻˣһƵģһһЩһޣ
ϫӻеԼʱƾһɺһϫ໥ӵظо㱲ѡ
һ֮֡ԼԼھСĸо
Сʦܣ㿴ʦһΣ
СʦܣǶһ
СʦܣϿȱʲôʦְһ׻Σ
Сʦܣ㲻űô
ʦ֡ʦԶ֣óϫ̾ʦҲסˣ׷óԼұ죬ҪóϫƷһ
ģһȺױҪõͿһ㣬ϫȻ֮࣬вӿһĨΥůо
Щʦʦһ𣬵ȷ˲֪ϲǣһзͳͳ
ӳϫڣڵʱһͳ׵ͻȻأ˷ƣճƻ
ϫ̧ۣͿǼԶߣһ꣬ڷ絶ڵзɭȻ֮ĺâһħ񣬻һɷƥɱƲɢ֮
ϫվӣһУģǶŹƣϢȴҪǿʮֹϵɱ⼫ͬʵʣսʬɽѪƴɱĺݽɫ
һԣĪյҲһ󾪻ţǾŻ洫֮һΪնɱڤĸ֣սɲ֮Żɸ߲һ¿ãλһЩ϶Ҫߡ
ʱڶ߲ư
ʦҺ£ϫңңԶĶüͷȴһ壬û뵽մŹڣֳסˡ
ʦҪְ֮ĳȴͬһ裬ͳһֶе⺷׺Ϣ
ŶϫɫȴȲѣɲ֪Ӿһ֮ǰûһ˿
˶˼ǽҪԼһֻ»Ϊܱܵ
˵ĻΪϫаԸпô϶Ҳǳ鷳ϾܵǿȣҲӦãԴԼ鷳ȥȻ۵
ʱҲ֣һǰǼԶĵطżǿϢͷţߡ
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ѵǶİ֣
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ҾŻɴһ֮ԶгϵΣҪʵŷ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣڣͳУ䶢ųϫ˵հҾŻɣᣬΪǳſԣ˵ƽ̸ʱԼĳΪ㻹ǳ֮λΪá
ʦ֣¶ȻƽѴӦͬ˳ʦܵΪһ˵ı䣿Īü˵
߹һĨ⣬ҿɲΪʦлʸ񡣡
˻һĪյ˶סüͷв֮˻ԾûаѳʦܷŽа
ϫȴɫƽʣĿֱӶ߾¶һĨ΢ЦǶʦΪﵽʲôʸҲ֮λأ
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ҳŻɣкܶʦҲϤţҵȷûʲôƣֻȴǸ˵֮֮λңûʸ
ϫỺڿд͸һǿţĪյ˶Ȳѣû뵽ԼСʦܾҲ˰ʮһ档
⻰˵൱֮񣬾Żɿ徴ʮ֮һԻҪȺۣΪһ֮ɲʲô򵥵顣
Ц˭ôıǮ
֪֮ˣʱʦջش˻ϫ΢΢һЦ
ߣĲƾΪһǧ꣬Ҳѳʲô򣡡͵ǰ̤һƱ˫Ȼţɸһս
Īյжʱһе㵣ǵϫɲˣ洫֮һʵΪǿҲǺ֮һͳϫսϰ
ϫԣȴµ˰㣬ɫϲƽȻ̤֮ǰ΢΢һ֣ʦ֣ͽ̣
ΪܵܶŹڱ𣬻Ϊ˱Լó֮λǰĶưոݣսΨһ취ķʽ
ԣϻô࣬ʹһս
ϫҲʶʶΪŻ洫֮һĶʵǿʲô̶ȡ


560 Լս
弫ԶƺУվˡ
ϼεƮɣӳĵɰ㣬ƮȻ
󣬻ŲʿӰ´£ȴγμȦӣǹ°㣬˷ֱӵţĿвη֮ɫ
ΪˣǶһΪɫλ洫ۣǶһλپŻ洫ӵУ
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ܲһˡԣĬãŵ˵һѩɫۣϢ䣬Ц
ŶۣȻһĨâ˼
ھŻ洫ӵУǶռУʵΪɲ⡣Ϊ˳Ĭԣķۣһŵµȷ˾ȡ
֪ܱģŻҲֻ˶ѣ
ô˵ǸϫҲһˣЦЦŤͷһˣ˺Ȼԣͳϫһسյĵӡ
ʦܾһбܵģʵȷСԵ˵ٲϫҲòϣϫʵҲǼɵ
ãͶǿۼЦʡ
ȻǶʦ֡ԺԥЦ洫֮һնɱڤʿĴڣһ½ŵĵӣĻĶ֣
ӲӮֻҪȫԸͻȻ
ʦ֣˻棿һݣȻ˵ͻȻ֣̫ˣһ˿أѵǳϫʵô
иһЩţԭҸᣬٺݺʰϫһȻһ仰һа㣬ֱӾͽͷɱˡ
ȥ֪ˡ˵ţͻȻŤͷƳһԶ߲ɹһĨȣϻҲˡ
㣿бһ󣬻ȻŤͷȻͿƺ֪ʱѶһƤꡣ
ʯͷһӲֲڵƤܹؿ̻ļ⣬һȴһ޷ĸоƺеһȻʯƾ紵򣬶޷˿
ϻĵӣħֻϰˣʵȴСϾϣҪʤʿһͷ
㣬ϻеٮٮߣŻ洫֮һͬʱҲ洫Ψһһߣ
벻һҲˣһΪⱲӶ̤ϻءзӿһĨŨŨս⣬ɫĳ裬˾һҪѪ
սġﵭƳһۣƽδ˵ʲôȴһݡ
ԣսĬƬ̣ͻȻһЦս糱ˮɢȥ˵ҲãȵºķʱٺһսҲ١
˵Ľ̸δκΣΪԿõʼճĬһԲĿһֱԶ
ϫںͶš
˵ϫռУֳ˴ƣȷǸˡҡͷҪ˵ʲô
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ֻϿգϫͶҪսȻʱм͵ر˺ѿ߳һɽӡ֮Ȼӡ
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һս޷ˡԴź

ʦˣƾճ֣Īյ˽Զɫһϲһ£СʦڲٺͶƴһˡ
ӣǶҲһȴ˿֮ɫֻǾӣʦҪͳϫʦдһսòɣģҶִ磬ϫʦܵ츳˵ġ
ϫЦˣҲˣΪܱܵӶ˵洫֮һĳƺŻ治ǰ׽еġ
ԣüͷһ壬õСһҰôֱ׳ǲΪҵݣҶС
ϫˣԼʦǸ˰ȻûΪʦųķȣûݺϵ£ҲֻŻô˵ɣ
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ΪھŻɣ˭Ƣ壬λͷۣӣҲڶ
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֪Լ뿪֮Ҫóϫ˳һְһأǱزٵġ
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ϫ΢Цûаη壬ֻɻ󣬷ԣѵǸ֮һ
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֮ܶŹڣͬǸֽϵȫߣȲǿڸ洫Ī䶯
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Ϊ𺳵ǣϫȻ洫֮һĶսϢһЩ϶಻ѣϫ˵ӻǲʼįռţͽӶظɳһ䶯֮顣
ŻУԻţȴϫ㣬ռһ죬洫֮һˣΪ˭˺洫֮ĲжôĴ
ʵ֮ǿ˶Ŀõģ˵ֻԲΪȴնɱڤʿһţͲ֡
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ʦο˸ͽܰϣ»ͥ̾ѣüͷһ壬ɫӿһĨį֮ɫϧʦҪ뿪ˣһ޷ˡ
ԱһڳҲĬȻѣ壬ŵĹȴ࣬Ϊһߣ뿪ɽһ̶Żɵʵ
˭Ըġ


561 ֮
塣
ϫʦֵЩ֪ؿӡ
ʱһ̬ɫе࣬һƽеĲ;ϫǶó
ʦҪ뿪ôȦ죬˵
ֹ꣬ҲɫȻǲᣬ˭뵽ӾûһҪ뿪
ֻгϫףĲò뿪ˣ̫֮ʱӡߡѱ¶ձ˵Ҳֻٴ˼ʱ䣬Ȼͽǿɽɽ硣
һ뵽⣬ϫҲӿһĨѹ֪ӵ֮Ա¶ȫΪԼĶ飬ƽˡ
˵ӽӴʱ䲢ɳϫܹܵӶԼǷĵģѰԼͽܿˡ
˺ˣպɣʦͽֿԼˣüֵͽǷĵĲ飬кǷ꣬һΪʱǱݵĳ
ɡҪȵʲôʱ򰡡ʦֻĪյ˵
ģҲе־ɶ룬ͽܺãͷһͨ
ʦѵĶԡĪԴڨڨѡ
ǡһתڶʦ¬ϣƿڴһľͷƵģоһЩûõ⣬ҵ۸ˣƨҷһֱһثԺûտǣǻô
ʦѵĶԡʦ¬һԴѡ
ǰͽģӱȻһȻʱȴͻȻͣһĨײ簮
ϫˣвпôʵУγЩӣûʦ޾ش壬оԼϲ飬ţ
˵п㣬ûڣʦֻͱʦˣϾǾŻɣԽɣʦѧоǲҵȻ⵽żͷ顣
Ժϵ飬ȫСʦܵģʲôʲôûУӳĬãŻ˵
Īյ˷׷׵ͷûκԥ
ˣǸøʲô͸ʲôȥɣϫ¡ӻ˵

ԺһоͽˡڻĪյ뿪ųϫ˵ڣҷġ
šϫͷʦģһҡ
ʱӷԸ࣬ҲƴʲôΪǷӵʵ̫࣬ΨŬ飬вŲΡ
߰ɣҴǰﻪ¥ΪŻɵĵӣܹҪϤŻɵĴѧġЦĳϫûٶ˵ʲôӰһųϫԶ̤նȥ
ﻪλ󷽣۱裬߿죬ƣͷųʢϼɾ㡣
ӵĴ£Ƭ̺ﻪ֮ۡ
ֻһ¥ͨɾʯɣߴǧɣƺ֮Уھ֮ϵ񹬣ư磬ɢŹϲɣϢ¥ܣ鲼һʯ·ͨɽĸ
ʱвٵӶʱԶæһĿ⿴ϫڵĳϫٲȻѳ˾Żɵˡ
ûЩӣֱųϫ¥Խǿܸܵ¥Ļֺ͹ϣçç̫ʱڴڰ㣬ɢźصĲɣζȻһɾη
ֹϣһɵĵ̺ʹУҲֻŻȳñһƬ޾µĴ֮ء
ϫǰ¥ҲһĨ棬Ϊ徴ʮ֮һŻɵĴеأʲôӵģ
Ŀͱ¥ǰһˡ
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ߺ̣ͨûκϢֻèҲͨʲôޣȻһԺͨϣ¥ǰʱȴԵôͬ
߰ɡƳһ۳ϫ̧ų¥ȥʼնûпҡеһۡ
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һ໹һƬޱߵĴ󺣣γһӲӵ̨Ưϣ׳ۡ
ϫԾǣɽϣѷһܣÿһܶƣ鼮Щ飬ᡢ񲯡нʯҶƤϼ飬У
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⣬ʮ֮һĵ̣ƾùϵ˲ò𺳡
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Ż䡭ϫһ𣬴УŻ˿ʦϵһƬǬܻ˼֮ǾŻ֮
ҲΪŻĴڣŻɲ徴ʮ֮꣬£
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ͽǰôĶƯɡЦУΪϲؽܵ㰲ޱƯлᣬȥһƣ۸
ϫ֮࣬ȴֽסһĨ棬ޱ񲻾洫ӵΨһһŮʿ
ҴŮǱΪ洫ӵһˣȺۣ


562 ֮
һŮˣڲԻ洫ӱ츳ʵȻǾ֮֮Ϊ֮ŮҲ֡
ϫͶŹӶԷɱУ׶Էʵ֮ǿԼӵУΪһ
ⰲޱڶ֮ϣʵִﵽ˺εȸ߶ȣ
洫ӡҲ֪ǺεȵǿԼ˳ƹ壬ֻҪȹزˡϫ˼⣬Ϊ֪ҪΪ֮ͱΪӵӡؿ
ȻھŻڣӵĿ٣ǷëǰĴڣ֪洫ԴΪĿŬܶţԼҪΪӵӣȻɱػ洫Ӳˡ
ҪӵӽΪϣֽһּΪпľɴ˾Ϳ֪Ҫ˳Ϊ֮ôˡ
ΪҪǣϫֻһʱ䣬֮޷һУ֮λͽС
ʦǳϫʦܰɣ˵ڷ٣ݾθӯһŮеãĲ
СԺҪúðλСʦܣҪ۸ŶЦе٩
ϫһҲ̫Ϊϲ˰ɡ
ʦ̫ҲˡŮһ䣬µµִһϫӨСһƵ뿪ˣ㷢裬䣬õĸо
û£ԺͽˡӳɤӺһ䣬ԶһĨٻӰһͣҲƵ뿪ˡ
ϫŶʱðһߣ֮ΪΧһڵӶһ߿ӣһŮʹļ׵ģ
ԼĿⶼ˲ƣ
СѾͷŶӻȻΧǼɱ˵Ŀ⣬̾ѡ
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Ӵųϫʰ׶ϣ·࣬һŸ߲ƵܣĿضѷŸֵ伮ߣ࣬𺳡
ɽϣʱܿһЩӰǽרעڵ伮Уžֻɳɳķװꡣ
ϫӣϢشɽϣĿҲ̲סһѲ
Ʒѧ
Ʒѧ⽣
Ʒѧ첽

ԽϫԽǾ̾ɽصѧȻѴﵽһ൱ֲÿһֶĲΡóһڴһѪȷ磬ȴǱİڷţɵӹĦ
һĵˣ֮ۺþݡ
ˣǾŻܻġ֮ء
ͻȻӵóϫ͵شӳ˼оѹ̧һԼɽۣ֮ĿⶸȻ̣Դ𺳵ǰ
ǧ֮⣬һƬƴƽ̨ţγһƬƬһ̨ס
ƽ̨룬Ҳ̨봦һƬʢϼֱʣͷųϼ⣬׷£ƬȾһƬѤõĹ
ԶԶһһλǫ룬ͷԣҫأư磬˲ηĤ֮⡣
ϫ𾪵ǣصĸɫϼ⣬ȫִɫľ֮⡢ɫĻ֮壬ֵ⡭
⡭ѵǴ֮Դϫ𺳣о̫ʱڵĵⱾԴ֮أĿУ޾֮Դ
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ӻڣоһ˿Ľ֮⣬˻ǬУഫУǲϧʱգܳ׶̺С
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һ̵ӣԵúģϸ͵Ҳ˶죬㿴̨̨ܵסÿһ̨ףһƷ׵ĵԽߴ򵽵ĵԽ󡣡
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Īһϫ
⡮֮ءһС˲ɱĵһ˲ɱٶȳʮ࣬ʤӵͷ
ʮ١ϫһԼ߾ȫʩչǿ֮ҲǿһΪУٶޱȵɱУܴԼһֲ
֮Ҫףѧκεĸ֮ͨ·ıرֶΡӵ֮֮󣬾ͻףյɵܻΪ򣡡
򣡡ϫһԼЩ
ѧʿõرĻֶΣԴѧǿǳɾ˱رֶΡ
Դڵƿصֶκ
ȥɣ֮ҾĲǣԣòһǿĵĳϫ˵
ͽסϫһԺ̧Զͷϼ̨ȥ

¥⣬̨ףû뿪פҡеߣһ˵ʦ壬Ժ󣬾ͰտСһˡ
۾繵֣һƬ꣬û仰㡣
Ӽˣҡҡͷ̧žߡ
㣬ⱲӴӲ˵ģΪҪıԼ⣿һ̾ϢĴӱӻһɫò
֪ʱλҡе峺ƱӤҪϾȴô䣬嫵ǿհ㣬𺳡
ƽ֮λֽظΪ⿪ţտһ㶼㰡һ̾
꣬ǷһҲûˡĬãɳƿڣо͸һ˵ı˸С
ֲãֲðһҰɫĳü壬ٴ̾˿ֵȥɡ
лʦ塣ӵ˵ͷ󲽶ȥӰȴ͸һɲ
ȥ㣬ֻһӡ


563 ̨
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ֻ֣ȴḧϥϵĺèֲڲƵĴ΢΢ԵĲƽ
ãһ̾Ϣ𣬡꣬Ƿֺֹһˣ

ɽۣ֮֮ء
ϫԶͷϼ̨ȥȽǡ˿̵ľƽ͸һļᶨ
Ȼ𣬵֪Ѿ뿪ˣǰɽ硣
ܹģŬʵػİΣ
ʢ꣬Ƭأſһ޷ݵĲ̨ɢɲϫ궼һЩ㱡
ָо·һƬϵĻ֮أȥû졢ûеءûɽû
еģֻһƴޱƽ̨ͷǧ⣬ɫͷ׵ʢ⣬ӯÿһĿռС
ߵϫͻȻоԼ񿴵˴ĺۼ˷ָ̺࣬оﾲڤ򣬲꣬ԼܽյִȫԲ磡
ӯк˵سƵ˫ϫҡҡͷǰȥ
˵֮أˡŻ䡷ܻǬ⣬ֵŶԡĿ꣬Ǵһ
̨ΧвٵھŲ˵ĿⶼжӹһĨ֮ɫȻǽϫϳˡ
ЩĿ⣬ϫûᣬֱǰȥ뿴̨ܹĲɣ͹ϣһۼ֮ۼһĵ
ִ̨ʯǰʱϫվס壬˼
ǾŲ绨Ƶ̨ףÿһ㶼ǧɷΧϱ˲Ӱֵǣһ࣬Խ˾Խ٣ֱǵھŲ㴦ֻһϣԵĿ֮
Ȼʦ˵ÿ˶̤һʯףֻ츳ʵ㹻ǿˣһϰɡϫƬ̣һɣһ̤ʯס
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Ųһ̨̤ףϫֻһ𣬶ʱһƬ磬ܵĻ磬ӿĻ𺣣ɫɫɫɫֻÿһռ䡣
Щ棬ܻһţؼХƮ裬ܿһͷͷԡӿС
̤˿񱼵ţĴȸ쳤ХĻ롭ֻݺУ˷龰ޱȡ
֮磬Ӧɻܻ֮ϫĿһɨӶֻУھĲ
î׵ˣһ͵أһӴӵվɫһģ
˶̲ס¶֮ɫ
Ҫ֪֮أҪһɲô򵥵飬Ҫ츳Ҫڵ⾳ϣﵽɵز
֪ľʮ¥СɡɡԲľÿһףҪ⾳ﵽɵزҪﵽھŽ׵ˮ׼еѶ֮ҲͿ֪
ҵ⾳ﵽɵزֻӵ֮ڲʸܹܳɹһҪ츳ͻԵ
ߣʲôõ⣬̨Žףһ̨̺ĵֻͨɫõҲֻѧǿһˡ᲻ֹ
٣ǾŻ洫ӽǧˣܹһҲֻϰ˶ѣܻⲿîסѾˣλȸˡ˲Ϊ⣬˷ܵػ˻֣ת뿪
Сӣ޴־
۲ˣ֮򾳻һѾƵǾžˡ
ԣҵȼŬȻҲܻһġ
Ƭ̣㼴¿ʼˣЩȫ洫ӣûһźŵӣɼҲֻ洫Ӳʸ˵ء
̨ŽףԽܹõĵԽϫĿһĻһ˼㼴ҡҡͷ󲽳֮ȥĲܿԽЩӣȻͣǰ
ٶҲǺܿðΧһƬ͵͵ĻȻڶദڲеĵӽǾ㵵ۣϫǿҪʧıӰ
һﾹȻֱҪȥߵ̨ףѵ֪ԽϣܹõļʾԽС
ǿӵڶ̨׿ʼежѴһɵ֮ѹȣ⾳粻궼ᱻˣ
ƷߵĵɣϣԼ
̨Ų̨Уÿһ̨׶һ򾳣һĻ֮򾳣ŵǻ֮бԻûе
ÿһ̨֮򾳣俴ƴһ磬ʵ˴˶ģӵһ򾳣ȫԿõھŲ򾳵
ָоɽӵƶɵĴ﷨ڿռ޴󣬿ȴ˺ֵӳԺС
̨Ų򾳣Ÿ﷨ÿռ޴󣬿ȴԶܱؿС
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Ψһͬľǣؼ䣬һɵѹȣѹֱ꣬˲Ծ͸оѹ࣬ؿѹһɽ㣬
龰ϫȺǴʱĳͬǵѹĵѹȣȴˣ⣬Ҳǿ󣬱Ƶòתеѹ֮
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оƾԼĵ⾳磬ȫߵøߣǵȵѹѹȵ޷⣬Żͣ
ˮ֮򾳡
ľ֮򾳡
֮򾳡

֪䣬ϫѿĵ̨ףִĽ֮򾳡
Ȼûз֣ڱΪֲǰľٶӵһƬĿͻȻ
һﾹȻǿִܹģ츳͵⾳ɶһһˮ׼ǾŻɵ洫УŽǰʮ
ֲҺͶаأһ£ǾŻɿֶһλˡ
Ǻǣ˵ҲȤռǾŻɣͱŹһ٣ֽЩռɽΪļһȫˣ֮شأѵҪ洫ӵļ¼𣿡
ǰ洫У۶ˣԴӵ֮иԻһ
ϻٵ߲֮Уһͨ˵ͨϣŽǰ֮С
ﱾҲӵ߲һǰ̤˵ڰ˲֮УٴλһɼȻ
ԭԺͱ尲ޱеģϧڸղţޱѵ˵ھŲ֮򾳣ɧ
Ҳ֪λռˣǷƵλ洫һ˵ļ¼أ
ʱΧĵӶ۾Ŀˢˢһ̨ߴĳϫĿгɫм桢ɲһ㡣
֮ĳϫѳ֮صĽ㣬˶֪һ﾿ߵһ


564 
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Ĵ΢ɲػһĨϸ΢ȣЩ졣

нĽŲڰ̨ĵĴǵεӰһֲٶȣһɫһĿУǰн
ѿҪԽ֮򾳣ִ֮ˣ
ƣд˵ҿϫԺθҶ
ʱǽ֮ͻȻһЦžķΧԵüΪ̶˶һȻ̧۷׷׳ȥ
£ͷɫƽڣտ޳ȻǺͳϫһոռŻɵԣ
ͳϫŹȴΪƽ»ͥĳ棬ֹ֮ս벻Ҳ֮ء
ҿƺ֮вһĵ
һԼôϫֹȤؿһۣ֮򾳵ĵѹܴһַζ̵궼ʹѹȣҲ赲Ĳ
ֻЩȻԾôһʵ츳ȷ֮ѡ԰Լ˵ˣź
ţƺЩһЦȻֹΪջһĿ֮Ҳ糱ˮһա
Ŀһɨܣ˶һȻԼһģоԼСǲˬģʲôĽӻһҲӰɣ
ЩԣôʱһȻԻʱһӲɫ粻
̫Ϥˣһ뵽ղԼһ֮󣬻˷ܵشҪˣϾһĴʹ
ģ쵰ʲôʱģ
ŤͷȻͿһϤӰɫѿ֮ȴе㷲
գ쵰ǳ˶ĵܵܣԼûвֻҲ֣һﵱô棬ھͳԼһ٣ǡɾ̫ˣ
ʦܣѡĿ꣬ʱɻɱˡϫһЦһתƮȻȥ
ϫ뿪ûԼѿԲ˿ɫһ䣬˫ĿضǵнԶıӰ޵ʦܣʲôʱʦˣֱ̫ˣ磬ү
ӽɹǽ㳢޵ζɣҧݺݸһȻŤͷ뿪
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쵰θڻ󰡣ϣ𱻳ˣ֮ԻعɫѲһĨЦŲţϫܹٸߵ̨ףҲţܴлǿĵ
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һ˵ϫ֮Σ򲻵ҲǰϹ
һ룬д󶨣Ťͷ뿪У϶ϫ˾ٱؽ޼գûʲôùעˡ

ʵ̨ܵĴˣԵ˼һԶԳϫ³çٶЩɣȴûȥȰ衣
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֮磬Ͼֻ̤˸߲㣬ؼÿܷһһҲȻ
ƴˣҲͬԵ̨߲㣬мŲ򣬲һȴޱȣвٵӳһʱ֮ǿ³çٸ߲㣬ɽأǱˣʹȥҲȫȬ
˵ۣĿȴһڳϫǾεӰϣһԽ֮򾳣ϵ߲֮򾳡ڰ˲֮򾳡
˵ɫѱأϢе˫ȭ鲻Խ߬
ǽϫܹڵڰ˲һǿɾƵ˶ۡ˵ļ¼ܹﲢˣ

䣡
ϫһ̤ϵڰ˲֮򾳣һɰֲ֮ĵѹǵȿɲ߲֮򾳼ֱǿʮ
ڵķ֮⣬ӿ̫ޣóϫ˲ǰֱðǣ⧲£˱ѹȵһ򣬲͵˳ȥ
ðԵķ֮⡭ϫһܹڵķ֮⣬ͬʵʰ㣬ǹꪵݺݳԼɱڣ޷赲
Ϊ֮ֱ֮ϣѰֶθ޷ֻ֮ܿȥǿԵֿ
ѰˣȰԵĵѹȣȻе伬ֱ֣Ӿͱˣɳȥˡ
ԳϫԣȵѹĿɳܷΧ֮ڡ
ϾΪ̫սеĥ֮ڶɹ˽֮ѱǿ֮֮ڤʿֻǿ
ټʶзɶһؼޱȵıҪѹƶܡ
ϫüǣ˵Լ֮Գס֮򾳵ĵѹ֮ߵøߣֻ¾Щˡ
䲻飬ȴܵ˺һܵ˺Ҫ޸ȻҪѺܳһʱ䡣
ΪͬˣԽ鵤ҩ޸ˣɼ鵤ҩܹ޸Ŀܡ
Ѱٵֱܹʥҩϧʥҩ˵ǾŻɣ徴磬Ҳޱȣͬڴ˵Ĵڡ
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ºͽһսʱ𣬼һĵֻӰ쵽սķӡ
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Ȼڳϫ˼֮ʣһĲٿȻʶȻɢ
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ʶУǹ߳żžĺͼƬ˿̾ͷųһĲɢ֮ڵĵѹ֮ȫ
һĻϫ̲֮࣬סϲ
Ҫ֪˵ѼͼƬ̫죬ʱգҲû㶮便ʲô;
ҲֻȺǴʱ򣬺ͼƬ飬ڸһͨ϶ǰۣ֮ͨ
ʱ𣬺ͼƬ뵽Уһֱ顣
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ʱ֮У񱩵⣬ܻһĹϷţӿ׺ŰױԼһͷͷеޣȥȫһƬĿâС
УһٻӰУڷŨ٣к£յñӯӯһգ͸һɾ˵ջ
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ǻһʿһĻֻµͱʧǡ
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ʱ򣬵ϵδһʱ˲òһЩ˽Ե˷ܸĵ·
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ʦһλͽܣԺĸ֣˵ͻӶ仯
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ֻҪǿǿ´űʱֻż㱻衣
ڳֱǿĻᣬȻǲ
ˣ⻰º󣬳ϫֱڶӾĿ£ٶǰ
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ųϫĲٶ̨ΧЩӽԶһһѵԽ֮򾳣̨֮ϲɣѵ̨֪֮ϣÿһ̤ĵѹ֮ǿʮô
ص⣬ղϵ˻վֱ޷Զ죬Ƕ峺ǿյУһâӹ
һĿע£ϫһ̤ܹܵȻֲĵѹ֮δѹִͱͼƬͷų첨߽һգɨҶ㣬ࡣ

ȵĽŲнĵ˵ͷǵϿ̨ľӰ˶˺ǲ˼֮ɫ

ֻһϫͽ̨̤֮ϣ
һھŻɵʷϣֻλ洫ӳɹǶǺܾǰˣԶ˼ǲ嵱һС
ڣһռһˣڿһڿһ漣˶۾Ψִκϸڡ
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΢΢һŤͷͿһֱϥİޱ֪ʱڳԼ
⣬Ҳǳϫһ濴ޱøǵľգһĨ޷εľȻ


566 ̨
һųŵζգüɽ죬ӯӯ촽֬׶Ө㷢٣ͷӨף顣
ŵóףɡ
Ȼȴһɾ˵ջ˫޳ϸز쾱ѩףź͸һޱȵȻ
ĹŵգȴһȻ˵ģһжԼΪǿҵӾС
Գϫ֮ޱĵһʱҲһɲǶʧĿָ峺
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ΪȻ֣ǰ忡ˣĿ⼸һɲǼͻָеֻƽԼһĨ֮ɫȫһμԼʱٶ¶һ˿̰ͳȵռ
ϸ΢ķ֣ðޱоǰһȷԼ˵һֶеȣڲͬ
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֮ǰҲͼ̨ϧջǰӿɲ֮ѹ֮ˣϫ˿ٵһĻֱ֮ǰһޣȷȹ֮£˵ǳϫųϣҲעҪܡ
һܼԻþŻصĵС˲ϵϣʱҲɸһĨĽš


567 𶯸߲
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ʢŭкµľκˣӿǵ󣬼ֱܱγɱ
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Ȼȴֻţ鵽̨֮ϵѹ֮ȷ簲ޱ˵ֱܹ⡣
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һվҪֹڴˣԵ̨˰һĻܹƬ̣ϫͽ˻̨Ų֮Уźֲ֮࣬˿оһɡ
Ҳǣһŵˣ̨ܹŲѾˣ̨֮ϲ֪궼δܹ̤ˣܰ쵽
νѵҲãԺͲôԴĿһˡޱˣҲһ̾ૡ
һУϫδţҲû˼Щ
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ȻһϫȻоһɺ嫵ԼļµĲٿȻʶɢݺݳӭĵѹС
һ첨˺ƴ˰磬ֱٵһɲ֮ͻͺƵ޿ƥС

ϫ𾪿һɲɢǧɵѹ֮ĹϷţɷޡȫն𣬷׷ױ顢
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ָоǾŻĺİԼԼ׷ǿӦþͲ֮ͨС
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漣Ǹ漣
ĿһĻ̨һϽԶӿһĨ޷ε֮ɫڸոգǻΪϫذɣ룬һʱ䣬ϫȻɹˣ
ˣ̨֮϶ܹ̤㣬һռһˣȴˣ˶еš
һ𣿡һЩһдӳ츳ʵ׷ϵûУ̫̬ˡ
ȻɹˡޱղӿһĨݣԳһЦ૵֮ǰȷҶһˡ
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ϫֿסѹȫɢһգȽľٶҲһĨ𺳡
֪ھŻɿ޾УҲзëǵĴ̨̤֮ϣܹϫģȴûһˣ
Ҳ˵ϫ˾٣ٲȻһǰδе漣˸
̨֮ϣҲ֪Сһܷٵһʦ׫дĵૣɫЩ㱡
Żɵ̺ɳƵɴеģ޲̨֮ϣſʦµִ֮ÿһͨ쳹֮˼֮
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ϧľŻѲջԻͣ˵ɴʮ֮Уȴѿĩβûʽ΢ļ
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ԭһܹؼرǧ֮Уһ̨̤֮ϣõʦĵС
ˣɸ߲Զϣ˰ޱϣϣгһ̨̤֮ϣӶٵһʦС
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񣬳ϫĳ֣ɾһŶ裬ȼϣѾԤЩɸ߲֪ϢʱȻΪ𶯣һƬ
ĸ̨̤֮ϣ
ƽʦ֣ߣһȥ
벻ʱǧ꣬ҾŻٴζһλŰ
ת֮䣬һЦﻪϿյնȻһҲ¶ʮհӰƽ»ͥһڳϡ
ЩһͦȻʧЦɻҡУƵ»ָֻأૣ㣬ɴһͽ
ʦ壬Ǻˣ̨̤֮ϣ»ͥ棬ǰʵ
ʱЩҲһ࣬Ǵ˿ټҡеʱɲʧ
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ϫ»ͥȻиеЩ𾪣СһŸռһ찡̨̤֮ˣ
ЩҲһ¶ݣš
ϫ֣˼β˵ȲҪȥСһ̨֮ϻ˵ɡ


568 
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յ»ͥǳɱ֮ɫԱλ϶ǰľѡ
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ƽʦܣ츳Ⱥʹ˱ĥ£еĻҲûʲôֻز۰سͻȻ˵
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»ͥԼΪƽ̣ȴһԾŶȨ
ϾŻʵ̫Ӵˣ࣬ивٱּߵǰһжȨҲݲؿÿһλϵġ
򵥵˵Żɾел׹ݣ⳯۸ӣΪʵۣЩطҲ˼ġ
·Լߣֻע־㹻ˡ
ҡУĿһɨˣһ˿棬С֮飬СԼҪ֪徴磬κʱκǿߵ𣬶ֻܿԼ

һƬɽˮ磬ﻨ㣬ľިƮ֮˼ɾһ㡣
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ϫٴ˵ʱһ۾ͱͤʯϵһˣ˵ɽеУǱȻͲЩС
Ҳţ̫ʱڣƤʯ顢¯Ϊ飬׭֣ձʹȫͬ
ЩǾŻΪصĴ֮ôϫһеļ̤ǰϪͤȥ
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˿̣һ򸡿նʣͷųƥĺ嫽ֱһ𽣵ְ㣬ľ
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ߣ˶Ҿôӵʺϼ̳ڤƣһʩչɽҲڻ¡
𳳣𳳣ܽȻΪѰһǿĵˣѡϰ⻯ű̫֮ž飬ɱ񣬷ɱ𣡡
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龰뵽г㣬һƬ
⡭ֱһȺϫгԾ
ЩĽܣǵȷһǿĵУΣƺҪԼ̳²㡣
һӳΪֻĸо̫ͻأóϫЩֲˡ
ˣҰһᣬľȥѡҲ١УһȻˮ
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꣬һǫǫӰ㣬񣬸һֽྻϾȣֻԶԶһвӿһĨƽ֮⣬֮


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ƾն֣ʵȴˮһ۵ĺϢ
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һ󣬷ƹͨ³ӣ䣬׺ɣ֮仯һв԰εСо
ҽһ£ɻһʣһѡЦԽһظо
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ǵȣ֮Ϊɵı춼ǿ˲֪ٱֱһʯϹŶԻ˲֪ˣҰѶԷ꿴
ο˵ؿǾŻɵĺصأеԴͷ˰˵أԱַͬѰˡ
þ࣬Ե˵ҲҴӱչĵһ˾ŻɵĵˡЦųϫ֡
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ʵ򵥵˵ֻѧһΨһĲͬڣʩչҪմɾĵΪѧǻֻ򵽵ϰϰĿģΪ˵õΪ
֮ʥԣ˷죬취أȻνҲΪ˵ĵ֮š
ԣϫ˼Ȼ
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βڣ˵˵أΪǾһƣ㾿˶ٵɡ
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С硢ǳ񷡭ʮһֱԴвֲ̤˵أʣ̫ʱҲںˡ
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ϫЩ̫ȻȴǰһܵõϹŶͺͬĿܻ᲻ˡ
еɻǣƺδԼյĵлб˰ֻصĴ塣
һ˼㼴׹ں֮ǰʱ֪Լϵڤ¼аʣֻƿڤ֮Ϊ˰ٺһΪս⵽ɱʧ֮䡣
ҳϫҲ棬ʵǿԿ磬򲻿ɲս⣬Ļֻɱ֮
仰˵սһɣһ֣ע޾ѣ
Ҳˣϫûս⣬ֻ˱˰ִҲûʩչһΣĵľǻıˡ
񣬼ûпƵԼϵܣҲϫ˿ɲȷûп쵽ǹװͿ
Һܺ棬Щ㾿βյģÿһֶڴɾ磬Ѱˣ¹Ƿ֮һĵһӹˡκ󣬵ڣɫѻָƽֻɲһĨ֮ɫ
ҡϫ죬ȴ֪ν͡
ӦҲвܰЦЦһģüͷһ壬˵ȵ⾳磬ѡһȴеˡ
ΪΣϫһ
ʺ̫ˡ̾Ϣյĵ⣬޲Ĵ壬ҪѰһȫʺĵȻѡ
˵⣬ʲô̲סʵδһ·ɱ¾֮õļ֮ȥͳԦ
ͳԦϫʵ
ͳԦ˵ֻͳԦԼĸֵ⣬ܷӳǿ
˵֫ٺǷȷλûҪһܹһ㣬ܹ֫ٺĵڣҲֻڻͨԼյֵʩչ
Ҳ˵ѡһֵΪȥָӺͿĵˣϫ˼
νڱյĵԽԽʱҪһȥٿأܹӳԼȫʵͷ


570 
ǰϫ⣬޲ãδҪѡһִ壬Ԧͳ⡣
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ؽ䡷ǰֻǴȥȥգȴؽ䣬γɽ֮ȥͳԦǰ˴̺ĵ⣿
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硶ǿմӡ˵һͨȴɸֵѭУϸⲿͨȴǳΪȥԦͳԦе⡣
ֵ֮֮ļԦָӣʵڳϫʹõʱѴڣֻδϸȥˡ
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ѵͳԦ⣬ڤϢϢأ
ԭܼ򵥣ڤ磬ܹͳԦһĴ壬ܽһӳһսͳԦĴ壬ܽӳսεӣܽյĸֵ⣬ȫͳԦܷӳٱսˡ
տȻһһٵΪҪǣĻ춴ụ́ԪҲɱ
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˵ţ̧һָԶ㿴ǲۼؾγľ硢ɽʯÿһŷĺۼ
ٿ콵µĹ켣ӿӹĺۼзƵĴڡ񡢻ˡԤԡڤڤдڵĶҲԶ÷֮ݺա
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˵ţֵ̧һĨ⣬뵽ϫУȻһƬ꣡
˻꣬ɫʽɫӡͷųһƽӲӵԹԡ
ƬƣžŻеԭʼϣҽΪ⡷ŻɵеԿԴвߣպط֮·м桭
˵ţһӣʯʮŲϣٿȻӿֳʮӰ򽻸ϫߣѰһסɡ
ƣơЩӰͷһɹ磬ʧͤС
ϫһӾϳЩӰȻ֮ǰƲġˡ
ϫԵǵٴһЦһӣƬضʱ뵽˻С
ɽȲСϪϪϵͤҲˣϫֻǰһڣɼرһɾߡ


571 ޳
̨֮ϡ
һĨϫӰٿȻУ˻ԴŸо࣬˿
ŵһƬʵĻ꣬ף֮ǰһĻĻǻþġ

һɢڳϫǰȻʮŲС
ˣϫæһ췢̨֣Ž¿յģԼûˡ
ô£
ϫ˼ãҲ벻ȻϵһСͬмŴĽɫһ븡Уת뿪
飬ֱݣ̨֮ϣһͨƵġ͵λڻеһ̸ãֱڣһֻεĸо
ϸϸһ룬˴εǶ̨Ϊ˻һ˶Ѿˡ
ܿ죬ϫ̨ɽС£󾭹֮ϣ¥ȥ
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ǵãԼɽ֮ʱ¥ڿŲǧУŽ˲һʱȫټ龰ʵ̫ͬѰˡ

߳أλҡе߻ڣϫʱ˿֤Լղģǻþ
ЩӾȥȥġ
Ӷβγڤ磬ԷͳԦȵ飬޲ھͱչһˣĻ˼עЩϸڡ
ϫڳϫҪ뿪ʱҡеͻȻڣʦ뿪ˡ
ϫһһĨͷлǰ֪֮ˡ
úǧһ̨֮ϵĵӣĪõĵУʱʲô֮ʱ¥ĵ伮
лǰϫ֡
̨Ϣѱս¥ĵӣҲ̸£ôҲΪ˱ĸ˰Σ
߻ֽվס𣬳ʱ䣬㻹ŬԼΪɣҪɳΪǿߣֻԼ
ϫף¥ΪλһˣԭЩӶɸ߲ټߣ˽
Ǳߣϫ뿪ﻪ壬Ӷȥ
Ȼڰ;ϣһͻȻӭæеϫʦܣϽ忴ɣǶŶĵӣҪռ塣
һϮ쳤ȹ㷢٣Ө̬޳ϻŮӰ档
ʱü΢üһĨŭ֮ɫŭСè㣬ǽǷŭ
ʲôҲԼϫüһǵã뿪ʱݺѵһ٣ѴﵽЭ飬ºķУŻԼս
룬Ӹ뿪ãһɱһﶫҪռ壡
ᣬⶫӻŰϫһĨεɱҲЩǵ屻ռˣǵĴʦǵİΣ
ԼЩʦʦǾһȺԱĵԼóĵ;УͲǶ˵Ķ֣ܵ˺ǵȽ޷̵ġ
Ͻȥɣȥ֪ͨҽ㡣ַɿһ䣬תͻһĨ뿪ˡ
㡭ϫ죬ֱˣԭ˵飬ӦԼαȥ鷳ˡ
˵ڣѷ뿪ˣͲܾĻᡣ
ˣȻǵ֮ϫҡҡͷȫʩչǿ֮˻һĨ⣬ת˲ʧ

塣
Īյû뵽ֻ˼ʱǶٴɱһȺӣ¸츣ظռˣ
ȪʮĻһ
ҵģ
죬ӼֱǱﰡ˶ҩԣȻ˲ժ
ֻȶʦֽǳϫԺǵĵˡ
Զһ˷ش̤ҩ˸ţιϷ塣
һУĪյ˵ɫѿ쳣ؿ˫ĿֱȻȴ޷ֺ
ΪڸղţͻȻɱʦֵȫ˽ƣʹκ
ԶţֱһʮСˣͲ洫֮һĳƺţĪҧŭе
ҴɲΪ˺ͳϫսֻǴʦֵһЩǱ֮ء棬ҡͷЦ˹˵
㡭̫
ֲ㶫ĵ̣ƾʲôҪѰǱ֮أҰ
ôƽ֪ˣͲܴ𣡡
ؾᣬ֮ӣֱûĪա¬ȳӡ׵˻ðɣ׷ŭȲѡ
ԣȴǱЦѣĿһȺ׳Ƶģ͸һͿ֮ɫ
ΣȻĪյˣ˵˸ǣպɸ߲㣬ٲǵ֮飬仰˵Ǿǽ죬Ҳû˻ǣ
ʲô
Īյɫʱһ䣬ģȻ޿ֵģʱȴоûѡ
һ̣ǵĲԾѵ͹ȣʦ뿪ˣֻʣʦֵܼˣɵĸ߲֮Ժɸô죿
Զĵһ츣أһҩԣ嵱Լ԰㣬һЦ
ЦĪյ˵ĶУȴôĴ̶Ƿŭ֮࣬סָеһȻŸ߲㡭ôľ
ʦ֣ϴ뵣ѵǱ֮أҵ͵պ֮ذɣʱһ˳˵
Ŷϴأǰɻ˵֮أǷЩʹãͱҲûʲô𡣡Ц˵
ʦԼǣ˵ȱأҲֻݲϡ
ӲмƳ˻ĪյһۣȻŤͷʱѹһĨ֮ɫ˵ʦԵȣȥϴһ飬һСԺһаٺˣٹӭǰ齡
˵ţŤͷɿȥ
һҲڿ졣ҡҡͷȴΪãԼֺܹðͽᣬҲһʵ
ϴҵΪСʦ㲻ܽռˣһȥҲҪͬھˣĪյĿѣŭе
ϫˣҲסϴأ
ἰϫһĨɱ⣬ԼǱϫ˵ĵܵܶŹڣǺ޲ھĨɱ˴ӡˣҲܻӸ뿪ɱ
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572 
ৣ
һ⻮Ʋ񷣬ٶ̫죬ĦնһһĨ̶֮ı
һѾεӰ֮ϡ
𡭡
̧ͷ絶һĨ֮ɱ˴ǰ壬ȵľǳϫ
ʱЩᶴ츣صĶӣҲһͣжĿˢˢһӰ
֪ζʦִ˵Ϊ˰ռ壬ĿģҪΪܵܶŹڱѩޡ
Եϫڳʱǵв¶һĨϷ֮ɫģöʱˣڵȵ˰㡣
СʦܣϫĪյǽǵǣ洫֮һնɱڤʿĺݽɫܲĳϫİΣ
λʦ֣ίˡϫ죬һһ˵ͶһɾȻ֮ɱ⣬Ρ
ȷѷŭ˼£ΪʦֻĪյһӰǱصڵأɫǰܣήҲ֮ǰܹ衣
£ǽһƬһ츣رϴ٣һҩԱ̤һƬֱһȺǿɱһʹĶŭ
һеģǶ
һ̣ϫѶɱҪŭɫȴƽĮȻϤ˶֪Ѷŭ
ǺǣôĿһһľͶնģǻǱ˭Ű
Цؿбųϫ͸һ˿ɱȴǲм
һռŵ˶ѣôԼ˵ϫͷһеЩЦ
ɸһսϫ䣬ȵ羪ף𵴰˷
ѿ˴ǰΪľܵܶŹڳͷȻˣĻ˼֮ϻ
һôż
糬һǴƹˤˡ
ҿǰ׳һԹԣʦֵҲΪϾʦֿǸԼˣҪѵҲ֮ķϡϧѽƫƫھײⲻѰ·𣿡
һ£ʦ벻ѵˡ
ϫڿдʴʣһЦѣ̬֮͸˵ͳ
ôھżҶˣʦֻ֪»ԴСء˫۱أЦ
Ҿ㣬ɸһսУϫɫƽ˵
׾ӵļĻңֻѶˣôУֻñ˻ơΪЦѡ
˵ˣѡжսֻǲһһľ⵽İ۰ˡϫƽ˵
ʱ˿̣˼죬
է֣Ӱһݣһͷӥӿնȥֱӳڳϫǰ˫üһӿһɰɷɽХӿ
һɲǼ䣬˷·һɽΡʣϽ£ǰϰĸо𺳡
Ŷı仯ϫһݣȴκη֮ɫԽԲͬǿ߶սǶŹڡ֮ʵ̫Ӳȫ
ȻҲֻԲԲǶŹһɱȵģο洫֮УʵȻҲǼΪˣС
ԣһΪ˲ɱĵһ˲ɱٶȳʮ࣬ʤҲƾⲿһʱһڤʿĨɱġ
ԴˣϫҲдˡ
ʱΧ֪ʱѳĵӣӰ´£ֶԶ塢ϻ塢ĵӡ
ǶۣϻҲȻУһڵǹ°ӵţĿ֮
ȻǶѶҪһóϫͶһսˡ
˵ϫռŻɲֻһ칦򣬵ȴǴ˾֪洫Ҳ֪˳ϫһȴࡣ
λǳϫô˵ŸռɣȻ͸ҺͶʦ洫ӽа壬Ǻη
֪ʲô˵ӿǴ̫սս걮һʵ츳ǿޱȣı£ɲѰ洫ӿɱȵġ
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ʵϫʦܻͦ˧İˣǿɾ̫ˡ
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һ˽ڶĵӶĿͶ˳ϫͶˣ۷׷ס
ҲһЩԱƯŮӣ˽֮䣬ʱһЩƤЦԵˡ
һУϫȴţľ侲ѩ羮ӳ£ͷڶϣֻһ뷨Ǿǳ׻ˣ
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ô˹ս»ֻҪܳϫݺһһգŻɾͻ֪ҵˣ³͸ϫһ
ˣôϫƽ˵Ϊ
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һƣߣң϶£ֱ죬ƽƽһƣȴ仯ܿ¼κѧӦԣһοơ
һƣƵļ˷
Ʒ绹δ̺ĿɲѽնôݣƲɢһƬƬѡ
ɰ˷
ЩսĵУһһСɰ˷˵Ƕеľɱŷɥӵ£ƿأɱһС
û뵽һ֣ѶɱˣȻǴڶʱڳ׽ϫſˡ
ɽӣ
Ȼڵһƣϫȴǲ㲻ܣӰ羪գͬʱȭ޴ݺһȭҳ
䣡
ȭХڵļµĹ󣬾һͷ޳˼䣬֮ߡաһж𣬻ޡ
ʲôȭʵǽ𾪣ָоͷ·ϫȭϣͨĴţܹһжɱˣ
⣡һֺĴ壡֮УһﶼΪޣ
ֵ⣬벻ϫܲϵ⣬ֲøҸʦֽаء
ĿһȭɵĿ»˶ʶɲ
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һǴȭ֮£Ƕһ֮ʱ÷׷ɢ̺Ԫȫһա
񱩿ɲ֮ӿղŻɽ۰µĶһŨ˲ѣͬʱ̽һץһ˺νһȭ
ʱѱƵǧ֮⣬ȻȻԾɫ࣬û뵽һŵˣǵֵסԼһǾɱԼˣ


573 ޼
ȻҪսǾսʹɣ
һ֣ϫ׷ϣ֣ʩչǿ֮һĨ⣬գָأȭɽХһȭȫʩչ
Դƿ֮󣬴ȭ㷢ʵɱ䣬ֱһһʽ֮䣬޲һɵ˻ĵѹơ
˿̱ȫʩչʱĩսٰ㣬еĻҼؼƮĸΡȫ촷ۡһգ˫
ߣЩͣ㼿ҲҸҽԳϫĹƣЦӰһħ㣬ӭ
ɫ͸һ׺ɱϢͶ֮䣬Ʒӿ糱ֳһϵĺƴ
ѻΪΨһס
ս
˲ѼսһԪײɽհӿƬջһƬҿ񱩵Ĳս
Һãǲ֮ϣ˵սûиһѡ
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һɫ״ӿųʢϼ⣬һ֮ĸϢնأĨɱ£ƥ˼¡

˶һǾŻɵһǿѧʷ֮ƾ׷ݵǰĻĹʱڣһλһ򽣣Уֱ޵㣬Զܡ
ңⲿ£ɱѰҲʲô
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۷𶯳쳹أյɫתݣһľͰ㣬ͷųһƥĽ֯һǵصĽ㣬ưö£ֻԶԶһͷƤ飬ӶݵС

һĻϫҲһһȣȫԪӿڣȫȭ֮ϣͷųһֱѪļ
ԶԶȥϫȭͷ֮ϣܻ磬һ£ϣ类ߵһһغȴߵͷϣų¡
У֮ӿһжԵߵ̬ڹͳǿһȭڳ˾һѹѪĳ嶯ѪҺҡҡߡ
䣡
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ǡǱݿһգ׷ǶܼʱҲͱһȭС
ܲϫʦܣҪСģʦҿɲٷˮˡ
絶Ϣǣӿһֻֻֽеĺڤѻ
ȻбϫƵɱϫչֳʵʼ֣Ÿռһѣˣɳεȵز
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ʦ֣ԣְɣϫӶпŨҵɱкγɱڣ
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ЦȴǰЦҲޣɱ˼£һһǿĲӳ
ɲӿֶʱڶգ籬񱻷֮һһ㣬һƬ
ֻһ˲䣬Ϣٴαǣͷϣӳֳһͷ𡢺צľ޴ڤѻչɣ죬˺죬ţ
ǡ
ٵӵڴ˿һȻҪ츳ˣڤѻһĶе
꣡
һϸܵƣɿĴӶӶµգҲһ־˵ٶȱ缷类˪ʴĺۼ
츳ǻĹΪصÿһ嶼УΪĹڤѻһţȻҲƿ
ڤѻһ츳ѻɻ
˵˵£ٻڤѻа񣬾춯أĻ֮꣬
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һĻϫɫ֮һԣ裬ȭϣһգͷųʢޱȵĴĿ׹⡣
һɲǣضӳ׹⣬۶Ŀڳ˸о۾иƬˮ
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ϫǵĮ쳹񷣬һɳضϢٿȻȭͷӿͬӿҪ
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δܲ⣬һٳٲ򲻵ãֻʽ޷侫衣
Ѳ̫֮ͬʱڼȡ˴֮ΪѽڽһʱʹԲ硣
ңСԴ⣬һУѾ߱ʩչ޼
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޾֮ţ־ʮأڳˣһֶݵʧ״̬ٿеκ龰
ֻһıըϯϵ£Űӿ˷Ƶ岻ò˱ܡ
ЩʵԲģֱӱѪɳȥһҺ龰ޱȡ
һУֱѺ͵֮ûʲôˡૣձɣ˿˼ʲô
˭뵽һŵˣ˾˵ѧҲľޱȣһУٲСǰĳϫ
ѲýˡԶȹѣòɣθİ˵
ȥɣӦòʹ˽ڰߣһչŵʿĹȣȴȻ֮ŮӳȻǰޱ
ŶüЩ⣬Žжϣûж룬ٴΰԶ
Ҳ֪˶ãǱը񱩵Ҳƽ
˿龰һĿࡣ
ֻϫԶֱ罣δˣֻɫЩ԰ףϢ΢ǸղʩչһУ
棬ȴһãͷ棬ڵӣģΪң̲סҪЦ
ʱȴ˸ҷЦģʱ˵඼ݺһ鴤ΪˣȻǶ


574 ˿
ӳϫͶս񣬲Ųյ蹦򣬵֮ĳͻ֮ңȴþĶݣ𺳡
ڣϫһһؤ㣬ڣͷɢжӿһκˡ
Ҫ֪洫֮һŻǧ洫ȻսԻͣɱһڤʿ¡
Ƿ徴磬ҲһеķˣȻȴһռŽһ˸ģβ˳Ծ
Щ֮ǰϣӶᣬҪռһڶӣһĻһɫ䣬
ǶʦʧЩǳϫĶ֣
ʦֻĪյˣһһЦտ֮ǰû뵽ԼСʦܾ⺷ͣжֲˣΣƺ˲СĿ
ҳϣ֮ǰҵȷС㣬ڣһ㳹ף֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡
ʱӣѱ֮ɫȡһ̣ſʼؽϫͬȼĶ֡
ʦ֣ϻ˵ɣ
ϫһһͦٿȻӿһɲϡء֮裬ƽڽʸߣ
ԭΪԪľ޴԰׵ɫ˲䱻һĨȼᶨսȡһԶħ㣬硣

Զϻ洫֮һ㣬ĿһĻ֮󣬼縫䵶̵ڲһ˿ݣû뵽λ¼ŵĵӣΪ
ֹ㣬ҲһԳϫԽԽˡ
ֻаޱѿϫһУŵݲֻһȴһĨ֮ɫһš
֪ϫΪǿһ㣬Ϊǿһ㣿
ħ壿ǣ벻㻹ȵƣֲ޿أһжãΪңעذɣ
һĨȻһ࣬һ˫ȴǻĽһӡӡ㣬̬øӣɢ貵âǳȽȽ

ӡͬʱΧ͵ؾҷرɫƬ񷶼ƽע˫֮䣬Եþ֮
˶ؼᵽѪȵ㣬񳯶Ƽӿȥ
ƵЮ֮ƣΪã
ǵƣ뻯ֵı仯Ѳһ񣬾Ͷ㣬һɶеĿɲơ
˲ɱ
⾪һĻԶսһڵӽԶȻɫȻϳⲿΪӮĵ
ȴüͷһ壬¶һĨأյⲿˣͬΪ洫ӵǣǲȫԿĻҲѽ
㣬ϫʦܵסôҿǴӦʦҪչ˺ġüһЩǵ
չޱݸѣ¿ɣ治СٳҲ١
ˡޱĻش𣬰һЦһƬ֮ɫԼĽػһ࣬ʲô鷳˵ģ
СԴѾʼ˼½ϫ֮󣬸ҪһЩôˡ
СʦδЩ˰ͬʱĪյ˵Ķסٴǵޱȡ
һ̵ǣʼʹԼԼܣǱСʦܾԼȴһæﲻϡ
У
Ҫı䣡
Ժκ鶼Сʦһȥˣ
һһľκ˰㣬Īյ˵һδξ޴䡣
˿̣Ŀóϫ֮ѣǽԶʼԼǾãӽԼбҪȥıһˣ

Ҫʩչⲿô
ϫ΢УҲӿһĨ֮ɫƾⲿſԽĨɱһڤʿ
˵˵ĵط˲ɱԳʮٵĽԵУֱ˷ʤ
䣡
һ˲䣬ϫɸߵľˣͷۣü֮ۿأͬʱһĿױУž𵴾
ԶԶһʱĳϫֱԶʱڵħһ޶߱ȼɽͷۣױӿһɽӡŲư˼Ĵǡ
ͣ
ȻڳϫոЩֻ͵һƤ飬ٶܣһƱͷϸâɱգնƬķ˿ǿµĽϳһѪۣѪӡ
˿
ϫ˿Ǳȡͨߵľ磬ųһ򷨣ʲôʲôһնȥʲô飬Ȼ޿赲
򵥵˵⡰˿ǽɽ˿ʤٱͰٱ޼᲻ݣʲôҪ˿ն֮
ȻǶƾ˲ɱ⡰˿ľ磬ʮնɱֱ֮ȽϬٱԿ֮
ڸղŵһУϫһĻͻᱻʿԴʱ򣬼ߣҲɡ
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һƿ𣬳Խ٣Եü񣬷֮ϸ΢֮ˡϣС
Щһϸ˿Ľ˷˲ɱٶ̫죬Ǵ˷ͻȻӿֳһ㣬֮
˲ɱ˲ɱһ˲䣬Ĩɱˡ
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γϫ˷ȫʩչǿ֮һĨԾڿռ֮㣬ƵƵ˸ݡ
߰ɣȼɽ˿ȴͻȻѸݵĶ˲ưƮ˽ԶһĿɿڴֱϾԳԽĿֲ
֮ǰϫƲԼ߾ȫʩչǿ֮ȫԺʮͿռ˲֮Ҳûʲôˡ
⡰˲ɱ죬ʹڶУҲֻܱʮٿһ㣬ĻֻҪСĽдȫܵü
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Ȼϫһǣǵ͹ˡ˲ɱϸ΢Ľƿ֮ԵĴ㣬ϫܵĿռȫǣ켣ܶȸưô꣬޿ײ룬Ϊ
ֻһ֮䣬ѳ˲ϰٵѪܵ˺ۣԶǱ˲ɱĽ˵ġ
ҲܵĿ죬ֻһ֮䣬ϰٴˡ
ңϵˣֻƤ˶ѣ׹һ˿ھԶˣҲҪ鹦Ϊǿ󣬲ȥݽߣӲĥ
Уܿռѱ˲ɱܴƽ֣Լֻ¾ͳ֮ˡ
ϫһ߽޴ڵ˲ɱһɿ˼ţһֻĳӣ˼ͻΧ


575 
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ÿһϸ˿֯ɴԳԽʮٶȣԷƥƽɱ£նһѷ졣
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ǡ˲ɱת֮ΪãɵĹ֮ǵƷѧܹġ
һĻΧ˶ǰľѣ⣬ǰѳϫԼֻѱڵɭĨɱˡ
ʦ˲ɱˣɱʮ㣬ƥٽһĻֻиռ䣬նˡ˵дһ˿͡
ǺǣǰϧǣʦܼӮˣƺҲЩʤ֮䣬ϾǳϫǸռţδϰõֵܼڣ֮ͬʵѵˡЦ
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㣬㻹ôЩϫԡѪѺǲЩĿȥˡ
ٵȵȣбޱڣս֣ãǾĺ촽³һ仰

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ѵǻĹеĶͫһĵӣ
ԣͫһ壬üֻһĿ˫Ŀһȫͬ
˸ݣɲвĸоԽԽǿңֻĿ̫ˣڡ
Խδ֪ĶԽ£


576 ֮
ৣৣৣ
ٶ̫죬ϫӰϳһӰÿһ̤ܾ׼ޱȵܿع
ǳԽʮٵ˲ɱմ½ǣ˵˺ˡ
ǵ龰̫𺳣ϫǰƲ˲ɱһ㣬ǰһܿǧѵĽͥŲľ
⡭Ͼʲôô۾Σգˣ
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쿴۾ˣü֮ȴһĿһжһֻĿйأ
Ŀƺһͨɣ
ֶΣֱŤתǬ֮ǰ˭뵽ܹת棿
ԭҪ׻ĳϫͻȻ֮䣬ͬ㣬ܿɱΧɱԽԽݲȣΧ˶һȻѣһд˲֮ɫ
һλ˵˭û뵽ϫ᧿ΣľУƣŤת档
ҲΪû뵽Բ𺳡
Ǻǡ
Ȼݣɲ޷ֵϫüĵĿԼµЩʲôȴΪ̫ˣȷš
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кâųϫӰ籡ƵĴ³һ仰оһ˿֮⡣
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Ĵ𸴣ɫڱˣԺУһ棬һԶħХأսǿߣüһɫ취ң
֮⣡ǲ˵еͨȻĴڡ
ƣϾͶһɿ֮ɫΪһ־ᶨʯߣҲֻǴ˵еܹͨݡ
㣬һֻĿʲôͨһλ洫ӵļһﶼɫ棬ͣŽ㰲ޱ½ǣʵ
ûпӦþǡ֮ۡޱ˵ŵϣطһĨ
ϫı֣ѲֹһˣɵһĻǼϫüӿֳһֻĿʱԾɽסһ
ԶʱڣǵͨһƽɰĴڣ޾УΪһ˵
񣬾Ȼ˼ˣһһСϣȥֻҪһƬȻ󲨣

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ԶԶһƬն񱻶ɸӣȫϸ۰Ŀ飬ľ
Ƕȫһѽ߾УţڤʿǰҲֻᱻ˲Ĩɱ³
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ૣԭɱϫϾͬŴɣҲܲס
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ԣֻгϫˣİ
ŵĳͷҲôǣʧ֮£ɱ˳ϫѣҲΪһ˵Լ洫֮һȥˡ
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ڶʹľɱһʱԶĳϫҲٿȻվüĿҪһ㣬ӿһڵµڹ⡣
ڹ⣬̺һɽ֮ض䣬һɷܽ򷨵ĿɲϢ
һӿ֣ϫܵգͻȻסһ㣬һжһֹľԾֹ״̬ˣ
𾪿Ǵ˷ɱ˲ɱһڱڵ㣬Ҳ޷Ų˿
Ҫ֪˲ɱٶ죬ԶȻһ˲뵽ֹУǵӾ˶ͷƤһ飬Ϊ֮һϡ

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ƤӶʧУһ˿ķȿԣӰ㡣
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ԣСļһͨ϶ǼϸͼҾŻɣΪţ
ɫò˸ͻȻȳԣ϶ҳ֣ŽƳԭΡڳλʦֵܣһ֣ɱĻ̥ӣ
ԣڳ˶һȻѡ
û뵽˿̾˵ⷬҪӲһɣôһԳϫ
ȻҲ񼣬ǰϫһˣռһѣʵδ̫ˣĪǲһϸ
˴ҪӦĺ٣Щ֮ǰϴӵĶӣһĿ¶׹⣬ԾԾԡ
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ԣֻгôʱ˵һ𽫳ϫĨɱ󻼡
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ʱüĿӿ֣ٿȻһڹ⣬ĶĨɱȥ
Ĵڣͬϫɱ˼ӵվһ˵պʲô۶ӣ뽫ɱˣԾ󻼡
󵨣ŻУҴɱ䣬кͬˣֱĿ𷨣̤Ź棬
ʱƲһӿƿ̽һֻ޴ɽƣһֻoְ֮㣬ϫݺץ£


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ռİ壬ֻеǿ߲ܹա
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ഫ徴֮䣬ֻбһ㣬ǲһһŲ֪ٵĿռ䣬޾İء
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Сأ̫սԱвʱСԣɻ˵졣ֻ֣ϫҲֻܽϣСϣעһˡ
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˵ţϫԽԽԽ𵴰˷Ѵһͱ˵ζΪųϣ㲻ףͳֶԸңǺεȾģ
ʣһһըգڳڶԴһ£ųϫôг˵
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жŭѣ޲ھļһ
ȻڣϫٴʵΪųϣ֪԰̤Ź棬ݵӣΪţ̬ԴСʦ޷찡


578 ҹ
Ϊųϣ֪԰̤Ź棬ݵӣΪţ̬ԴСʦ޷죡
ϫһȣֱӴ쳹أм͸ͱζڳ˶һ
̫ǿˣ
һռŵˣ񾹽ìͷֱָгϣֱ絶ģ
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ӣܲƽֻҲˣ˭ָĸŵĸֱ߲ӽа壿
Զصһ£Ŀ΢У絶䶢ųϫĿһ˰㡣
ѱ׼ŭΪŻɳϣ֮Ƿ徴磬ݺ͵λҲǳ֮
񣬱һֻϰСһһٶƣٲԺھŻ㣿
󵨣

ת֮ʣԶۣȫɫһȳǶӣʦʦ裬Ϊӣܰס
ϫ㾹·ϣ治л
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ˣѿҪ಻סŭأɫŻࡣԳһЦǰԷֻһֻС϶ѣõԼԶ֣ǧ֮ӣãԼ֮ƽϣûԼݡ
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ϫٴι֣ת壬ĿһɨܶӣȻ˲żüãҪ񣬸ƽ̺λϵ棬Խ޴ң¹򣬸ʣ˭ǵȨ
ȶӵɫԶһͣҲ֮ࡣ
Ҫ֪ŻΪʮ֮һǿƣŹ͵ȼƶҲɭޱȣԽ׳һߣ³Ȼޱȡ
ϫĻȫռŹ壬ֵõƽ̵׿ڻشٷǿпܱ˼̤Źˡ
ѵ˵ǻԼ˾Żɵף
Ǳ죬ϫȴŹǣٴ俪ڣҾ֪лŴ𣡻ƽ̺λ𣡻ڳλʦֵ𣡡
һڶӱʵƿԣҪƫƫҲκɣֱһɫĿⲻơ
ӣѾˣû뵽ϫʵ˵ãƤӹҲѵЩӣ͸ѵƵġ
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سȣ֪ɳϫô˵ȥֻ¾ƻԽԽ쵶ն飬һжٽˡ
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һǣǵǸʵȴ򣬽֮ǰϫоٵһһˣ˵ޱȣϫ޷粵
û취ضѵǸˣĻܽץŲţĻֻ»ƽ̺϶ˡ
ϫ֮ԸأǽùѪͷףʵǽƽ̺ϵġơûڳ˵ٶŹҲ״
Ͼض˶ģΪɸ߲㣬ڹ֮ϣҪԸССӣĻὲʲôأ
سϾϫǸøӸеޱȣΣһУϫվռϷ磬
ˣƽ»ͥҲһǶ֮һڳҲӵżȨƣϫǧһ̨֮ϵĵӣ˫ǰ;
֮ìܣҲеΪͷۣ֪ƫ̻һʱһҪɸ꣬ȻҲеһɡ
ˣ֮¡ƽ»̤ͥǰڣҪǹ۶׻һס
ʱϫͻȻڴϵƽسϼȻѵǸȻóϷκԹԡֻ
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죡ϫ̫ˣȻø߰Ķ¹ֱһױȵĴ˻ܰ
ֳ׷ڣϫְ̧Ѷѹ¹û˲𾪡
㡭ɫǺѪޱߵĳӿ˳Ŀѣ׷񣺡ϫҺ㲻죡һգҪǧУ裬ú
˵ʱ߾ȫҪȴϫһһ£׽Ԫһûһ˿ֱ۵һ͵һѪ
سϣ㶯֣ھɱ
ʱϫһƳԶŭڵأԥֱӽְ˶ͷԴ
һĻȫһ𣬺ȻޱȣһѵĲҪˣ


579 ׷ʹ
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У͸޾ɱ֮ɫȻɱҪƽ̵׿֮󣬾ͳֽϫ¡
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һУϫĮģֻǰĿƽ̣ɫƽ򶨴ݵȣ˺ѰѰԵ衢۰ϡ
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580 ת
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ŰɣеζʧԺҿ˭ܾȵ㣡ԶϫЦѡ
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һڳʲô£һʧ״Ļһ˿ȿԣ
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ֲ޿֣ԭдΪ̣˵ĻƽĻټƽ֮ǰΪ
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ѵ̨ŽףҲ̨֪֮ϣһڡ
ųϫ׿֤ʵλǰҲһĨۣһĸԵ֮󣬿˿ɼ
ǰ˵Щʲô»ͥһǿ԰еļʵϫĿ⣬ǱôͰ֮
ҲĿϫĿоǹ֮ɫжԳϫֽ٣Ѳˡ
ֻأɫޱȣҪγˮʱҲ׹С쵰ǲִ֪ç򣬶̣ŸҹȻԼа尡


581 
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ϫһƽ̺һڳ϶ͰͶԼҲˣ˵ǰδ˵ָֻһ
ǰȻָһһ
ƽ̺һڳ϶ʱüۺþһȺСãжĸԵ˼ҵּ
ȴڣǶ֪λǰֶκεȵľ죬ǻһӴ񣬲֪˶ٵ±Ǩδִɽ磬һΪȴѴﵽ˳⣬еĲΡ
֮ɶǿ˲֪ٱ
ΪҪǣ֮壬ƿԻʱֱԴ۶⣬Ƿ徴磬֮ȼߡ
һϹŶȻָ˳ϫһȻԵܲۺˣ
˼һһֺγɵһһλɾؾĳϸпѡ
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ڵԣȴڶһףһƬκˣǰǺεĴڣᱻƳ磿
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һﾪˣ»ͥ£ڳ˵Ŀⶼˢˢ˳ϫϣĿоǺεĺ֮ɫ

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Ҳһ˲ӣһ೯ЩдȥĿҲһƬ֮̾ɫ
ǰƽ»ͥݣֻѳúƷһˡ
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ҲһЦϫ̬˵ĺͰףһ֮ģ
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ǶǰһĻĻоڹ׽ŪԼһûֱ£ˣ̲סһѪ
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һԭյһУаֲôأһﻹǿɶҲ֪ҴкҰ׵һŷӨС죬Ĺ˵
ޱݸĽףһ£һ˰ɣסԺٺӴˣ㻹Ǯء
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ԣʱһȻƽ׿˵Ƿһ飬ɱȵõһ󰡣


582 Ļ
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սŵһ죬ͱ֮ܶŹڣŹͬǸµһա
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ڶս洫֮һĶǿƽܣȶأ޾衣
ֱ泤أͱˣη塣
׳ʮŲӵо쳹֮ĵУи߲㡣

֮շִ£Զɳϫ֣Ҳ׹㣬쳹ھŻɵϿգ˽֪
۾ŻɵʷϣֻҲҲϫ㣬ռһ죬ֳ˴󶯾ˡ

һڳƽ»ͥ뿪ˣĵҲ׷ɢȥܳױð
ϫҲų˿ĽЩƣ
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ʵ˵ԲѵĻһУսǺشǹལһδƽҪ󣬻׳ʮŲУȷΪ壬ΪЩʦʦǡ
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һ˵ԸҲҪʱ䣬һзƽ˾ʱС
֮ڽʱڣϫѲڵԼٳʲô鷳ˣԳʱ䣬úһԼΪ
Ϊº󣬾ŻʮһȵķԾҪʼˣʱڶ塢塢ϻ塢洫ӣʵﵽԲģ
ԵĿģһǿϵӵΪչһ棬Ϊѡγµӵ׼
Ϊӵӣڵݺ͵λһأһԽ񻪷У
񻪷壬ǿǾŻһЩּߵϹ֮أǾŻһıأУԴԴĸԴԻϹǵָ㣬Ⱥô嶼ûеġ
ھŻɵ洫У޲ԳΪӵΪĿ꣬һҫĪ
ϫҲͬҪΪӵӡ
Ϊ˽񻪷УҪ˳֮λǰǱΪӵӣٽΪϣ֮ܰλ
֮ô˵ºķԣϫǱȻμӵġ

ϣǽ壬Ǳѹιĺۼ
ˣʦֻĪյһʹļףоԼļ԰⵽ǿϴһ
λʦʦ㣬ĪҪģƽѴӦǽ֮ʧöһʮϫһο
ûĪյ
ʦֵٴųϫϴ֮ϣɷ˵ͽƬŨıأø˳ϫ֮á
ϫҲƴǣȱһǱ޵ĵطϴ°ͣȪһ໹һ뵵ĴŸ黨ݣ֥ϼި羰÷ɾ㣬һһһǱ֮ء
ܿ죬ʦֵ붯֣ںϰϫһɫľݣľǰһСԺ䡣
ľݣǧľοľͷлƮɢһ㣬𵽾İЧ
ϣϸ̸Ƕɣϸգۣڷ絲꣬аѻһӰãڷһů紺ĸо
Ժڣ˼߿ɲֻ򵥵Щҩβ液ݡ졭ȵȣҩǻ䣬Ư
СԺǱ̲ĺϱشأۺɶ䣬ʱݷӺ棬һĻߡ
סǱޣֱ˼ɾۡ
֮ǰǶžһд˵أҪռԼǱޣϧƬطⱲֻҲԵ̤ˡ
ݴ֮󣬴ʦֻĪյ˱뿪̫࣬Ҳƣ֮ҪϢһ
ϫҲԼϣ̲ס˸ĿȴǾشŷڵһУ͸һС
ӽԺԼļˡ
Դ̫սֱĶɱ¾ͣս߹޶롣
ܹھŻڣӵһƬԼϢ֮أ̤ʵĸоϫϧ
ףҪάϵסһݰȣҪŬ̿Уһжʱĸı䣬뿪Լ

ҹϿǺ续ſǶ飬Ŀα̺ˮҹ紵·ӳǹ⣬ɫ͹
еˮҡҷϵĻľɳɳ죬еһЩ㡢궼̽ˮ棬ϵҲݷϼ
һжô׶á
ϫҪɱ㣡ˣ쵰ҶͲܲˣ
ˣٴμ㣬Сʵ̫ˣ
ء
ȻһƬУǺСԺľУʱһӵлһ޺֮
ʱ;Ǻ㡢ԴһˮףϵҲһվӣԾŨŨҹɫС
ľУϫһΡ
ϣһСˣֻߣ˫ģӢƥһŭੲݡ
ҼϣһͷѩƵСޣƤëѩ۾峺аʱҲô˻йԼĲ
棬ȴһĿཡ˶꣬ŨܣݴһӳֳĵɫųϫͷɵЦ
һȻס׿ľˡ
׺Ͱ׿һӳϫ뿪̳ǣԭҶʱͱϫ׹Уľ뿪ǣ̫սʱ׹
Ϊԭ򣬳ϫҲֻڴʱŽǶų룬һ棬׿׾Թ฾ƵģһͨԹ
û취дȣҲֻαԿЦˡ
лǺܿĵģ׵ıԹŰ׿ôԱжԼ൨ĵľ飬ָоһ־Υůо
ֻص˴ǰһӣһжһ㣬Ŀ˻㱲ѡ


583 ˵ı仯
һ˵ζӺľɢøЩ޶һֱӣѲѡ
ľڣľϣ˸ɫζȫĲȡߺڹǼ׽±צҡβ㡭
һøġ⿵ζɢڵл̺ŷḻڸив֮ͬ
׺Ͱ׿ſϣӴãСƺˣȫĶͶ뵽ϲУԵòֺ
ϫŰ˿ЦһƿȪʮҩƵϾƣľһã̬УоҸ
ò֣ľΪڣͻԲˣ
Щ𾪣ԼѾǧֵ࣬õܹʱԲľãֻ׹ֻһС׷ԼβԾ
㡭˶ٵ⣿ϫ̲סʵ
ִСɵزˣóģкͷдľͷɵЦԳϫʱģ
Դʱͻ¶ıԣ̶ᣬ֮仰˵ҲֻгϫŻеĺ壬˳üֱһֻ֮Ƶġ
еķˣһȻĹȻɳȴ治顣
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ԳϫĵҲɰһ಻ѣ˵ľһ˿Ϲ޿ľǵѪδҲ̫˰ɣֱƵǾžˣ
Ŷϰʲôѧ𣿡ϫʵĺܺ棬ң뵱꣬ľֻһͷϸѣʵÿȻŹȥ꣬ѳɳزľֱ仯ֱ÷츲ˡ
û˵ҲʺֻҾĴĦ⣬ΪԺ׼ľʵʵش
˵ģϫѵЩȡõĳɾͣСһڵģ
ţǰľͷĿǴһĨ֮ɫˣ׾Сļˣͨ˾ָ̾㣬СҲز
ϫȻָԶѿף˵ôܣ
ʲôܣ
ԣһ̧ͷһ߳ʳһߺеϫҲ̫ˣҿһɽĽָֻ꣬һͷСѣкѣ
ϫӣȻѡ
ϸϸһ룬׵ͷĺܴģǵãԼһδ׽׹ʱخԣ׵ˣӦǻĹʱڼڵһɣΪɽ֮꣬Ѽ̳˵ȫСע1
˵ıɼҪͷ­뵽֣
ôһ룬ϫ׹ĴڣȥָľУȷڻ£ࡣ
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еһͷ˵һ峺۾ЦΣӢƥС쳣ɰ
ϫʱһͷСƵĶףкܴСһٶȣֱ찡ײУ̫ײˣ
Լ׹һеԭ
꣬خɶ컯ġ˸УӵԼǣʿһˡ
˵Ϊ̨˵׷ɱΪ˰ԼػһİΣȻΪʩչһֽʹó֮С
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أ׿̧ͷ­سϫ˻һܲϫ̬ȡ
ˣΪؼһһ߶ԴòĴڣ񾹱˵һõĳԻǿ벻̰
ԻôˣǳԻϫû׸ҸԼ˼бǮԺ鷳ʱ䵱һԼĴ֣׿أ˳ԣ˯֪ˣΪһͷء
׿ŭˣѩ׵ëը̣ݺݶųϫ
ǷŭҲûȽߵͷ̽ӣһԴ˻һ
һ˻𴫳ϫ˲ͲݶͬˣƣȻ֮͵ķΧ·ܹѸ

ͬʱһƬƬŨˮ˷ӿľУһ֮Уľһӳӯƣƺ֮а㡣
һһ֮䣬ȫÿһë׶ھȪа㣬̲ס
һ̣Ϣڴ˵صڴ˻ۣǵ龰ͷΧóϫһĿɿڴоڴһգԵֵ֮
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һˣ£شƣ˷Ҳֻ׿ؼһһޣ˾츳ֶΡ
ϫƿԣ׿ػ˻СԴͷһζС
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֮󣬳ϫɿһЦ˰׿ߣָСһѩ˳ë˵
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ʦֻĪǣ֪ס׿ľĴڣ˸տʼЩȣȻλ¼ͬ顣
ľеְһ֮ۡ
򱻳ϫȥʲռﷶΧ֮ҩԡԼССĶ츣ءޡ
Ĵڡ
ЩʲȻϫѴעҪְ֮ȻҪµеΡʲȫͳһ飬
֮ԼиƻҪ峹Ťתƣǿʢ룬Ҳܱȶˣ

ǧľķУƣƢס
ϫ˸ˬѾãҪıһһϦ֮Ҳ
£ҪıԼΪʵ
ûٵʱ䣬̧һȡһöһƬӡƵĽɫꡣ
УʮŲ̨֮ϵĵУǽɫ꣬ǵֽġ⡷ϱ̺žŻа


584 
һһֻأÿһʵͻһʵɱ䡣
ϫΪĵز֣ۣڣ֣ѻ֮ɫͷ貣ϼλõĹ
룬кڰ׶תңӦǶܶʼѭ֮
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ΪͬҲԲѪ纣ѨϡǾӨ񣬾Ͷ֮䣬һֵĺ
һһһںХһɺƴǿһͷ֮ŝ⣬һʿϡ
ŵ˵һͷóȥ׷ľѲϣޱȣˣ
ҪΪԶͻڤ磬ʱ޷쵽
ԭܼ򵥣ΪԽߣÿһ󾳽ĿԽʵĵΪ֮⣬ҪһֻԵ
Сһ򣬰շ˵
ʿԣΪҪԽ󾳽磬ҲҪһ֡򡱡
֡򡱻һ֮²ģǸ飬ȻȻˮɣɱиһƽ׵ʦųһͷȣඥ
񣬳ϫΪѴﵽԲϾ֮زҵʵޱȣǷȱľһ֡򡱡
Ա˶ԣѾǧ࣬Ҳ򡱲һƽ׵Գϫ˵ȴʲô
һ·񣬼ǿԼߵ˽زۡľ飬Ҫһء
ʶУзޱȵĹܹ֮ش˵̣Ҫ򡱳һƽȫ̤ɽȥײԵֻ農ȻͿ˳ס
ڣϫûмȥΪǿʼԼķҪԼսʵ
ԴӺͶһսʶ˵֮ףƾԼյѧ޷ԼӳǿսԼԼʵķӡ
ͬȵƷѧһǿƥǶһΪ˲ɱĵųɹĨɱһڤʿ
ӵ˵ѧеĸ֮ͨ·ıرֶΣյɵܻΪ
յ˵ڤ֮ͳԦһĴ壬ܽһӳһ
ͳԦĴ壬ܷӳսεӣͳԦԽ࣬սͻᷭؽڽڱǡ
֮˵ģǴӵõϢóϫףԼҪøǿǵ֮

ʵĴڣ徴ҲΪϡ٣ܹյģҲЩеӵܡ
ԲһţҲӵеУȴǷëǣϡ֮
ŻɣΪʮ֮һһȥЩͨĵв˵ӵеĵУҲȼʮѡ
Ҫõǰ̨Ž֮ȥ򣬾˭Ҫӵоӵеġ
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ҺãϫȱõĵĿ֮࣬Ʒ֮ѣܹھŻɣɸ߲Щܺȣ
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ϫÿһ̺İҪԼġؽ䡷ʮֹ
ὣⲿУǼصֶʮ֮Щ֣ÿһһڳڴ̻նڵ
ÿһн仯ļ֮Ǩ֮ѭ˼£Ҳӵ˼¡
ԳϫΪⲿȻ㻨˰ʱ
Ҫ֪⻹ֻǴҴһѣȥáȥȥĦҲ֪²ܽ䳹ײ͸ˡ
֮󣬳ϫָѣüһеľ֮̾ɫȴǻ֮ȥ
̫ǿˣ
ʮŲУȻÿһ¸֮Ҳͬǿ˼£𺳡
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Ƕġ˲ɱЩһȣҲС׼ףֵһɹ֮ԡ
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ͻȻףΪεʱ˵ʮŲУҪѰٵһȫʺԼĵˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ÿһ£иڣЩ֪ôһˡ
ʮŲȫˣ
ԺԣȴԲܡ
Ϊº󣬷Լʼʱ䣬һΪ̣ʮŲÿһ̺İ̺µʱ䣬ֱǱˮнͲġ
ȷڣǷܽһˡ
ڳϫΪ֮ʣĿⲻһƳԱߵһƬӲӵĻϣ͵һ㶣һĶͷôⱦ
ɻǵã˵ʺԼģʮŲУƬɫĻصġ⡷
ⲿ⡷ɵžŻеԭʼϣŻɵеԿԴв
仰˵ʮŲԶ̥ڡ⡷
ңյ˵ⲿ⡷֮󣬶Լպط֮·żĲ桭
һ뵽⣬ϫһ̧־ͰһƬɫУʼϸϸĦ


585 
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ϫ񣬸һڻУֻԺ˵һ˾һ磬ûأûǳûɽһƬ

ǻ֮Уһƽϼʢޱȣƻ磬һɫ磬Σۡ
Ȼһ֣ɢһɿɲϢǿƬɵ綼ڲڣֲޱߡ
ϸȥɫܣһɫͷ׵ĝ⣬ǧĴܻ磬Ե֮
¡һһ쳹ص翪ʼѿɳΪһ֦Ҷ̣ƬɫɫɫɫɫÿһƬһԹ貶Ŀ֮
龰о̫֦ͷϣѤôĿһޱȵһ㣬ѹ̫ţϵ˼㡣
ĪǾǵڻеһϫ𣬲š
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ͬʱϫԺУϢػһ򣬡̫֮磬о׳û쾫ࢵ裬˻ģצ˺Ϥն֮þ֮ں϶Ϊű֮
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ϫֻʶһʹشһĵѹ£Ǳ亹ȫ͸ղˮ߳һ
һ۾ϫૣ֮УһĨ»֮ȥ


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һĺڰУڶ䣬޾ţһ۹ȥ׺ɣŽС
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ϫѴһֺѹһӣһĨ岻ɱӿͷ
Լ֪һӦþ͸һĪĸϵŻɵĴԴԻһƬеĻ꣡

ϫ˼ڣŽͷļ¶ɢɫ
˼ãջľһԼҪչһʱ䣬׹뵽ǳ硣

ǳϫ뿪֮󣬵һν׹
̫սʱڼɵеطٳٲҽ򿪣ƾ׹ãѶɱˣذԼôǱ
ռخ˵ֻ֮Ҫֳ̫Ķ㿪׹Ҳݱطˡ
Ͼ̫ˣޱȣطҪеһ˿䣬͸ûʲô
خȴǲܴ׹Уһ֣ͻᱻ׽ȶѡ
ҲΪγϫ뿪ʱ򣬼خȴѡԭ
׹ڣһʣ̲𣬺¾ʣȻƲµʴ㡣
ϫĿһɨܣ飬΢пһҡҡͷӰһݣ֮ϡ
ˣ
һ̣ɫΪ֮һ䣬һƬ嫵ǿճ֣һҹǺӺبһƬƬƯһǳѭУأޱȡ
ϫפǿ֮ϡ
õطʱ֮ãܻһռΪǳ磬ֶΣˡʱϫؿڵСͻȻ˵
Ŷϵô˶ϫһ
ʶ֪ܹٳһģѰ
С㰲ڴɣڴ˵ʮֻ꣬ȥһѣޱȣҪúãʵǿͿ԰ҡ
˵⣬СͻȻֹסĬò˵Ժ˵ɡ
Ȼ۳ϫ̽СҲһԣ뵽ŵˡ
ˣԼʵǿĳ̶ֳȣԼʣСҲԼġϫҡҡͷ
ܿ죬ٴͶеƬӲӵĻ֮С
ϸ˵ϫʵԱˣһһУ̳ǳ䵱Ʒѧͽʱˣ޵ʳȻ֪
ˣ־Ͷ롶⡷Уزеİ̺̽ǿ
飬羮ˮӳѩ̿գϾ͸Ӵ֮ӳڡ⡷Уһݡ
ǳ羲׶ǶѭɢĹԣԵ֮ϫҲݵĻ˴ŵԼ
ȫͶ롶⡷֪ںδ
һ˲䣬·ٴλص̫ʱڣ鵮ŰĻһƬʱ
䣡
չᣬգξ֮ϣһһŵǳ䡣
˻Ʋ飬ɽըһƬĿķ档
ŻУɣһƬ֮ɽʯľϤٻ٣һƬƬ۽𺣣Űء
һͷԶħ£УͽֲɱݣһƬƬѪ꣬ƿͣ¾ס
̫ʱڣݡŰħݺᣬУﶼһûûзȵĴС
ͬҲһѪȵԡ̾ᣬɸǿߣдһζλԻͶĴ档
⻹ֻӡڡ⡷еһ̫ʱڵӡѣţһëϫͨпȴܹ󵽣ǸʱεĲ׳ĳ
ϫܹ֪⡷̺ԭʼϣӦö̫ʱڣʱ̸أͬɱսյĵϣϤӡˡ⡷С
ԣҪӡ⡷ԼĵҪ˽⵽̫ʱڣһУܸõһľ衣
񡶻ű䡷ɱ̫ž֮󣬴Ӿã󾭹ԼĲγɵһֵ
ϫУĦ̫ʱ֮ãԭʼ֮뵽ε򷨾УȻ֪ʱš

ϡ
ڰ׿ıϣƴɽ֮䣬Ըɽ䣬ֲ˼񣬶ľɽۣɫܡ
ʦֻĪյˣԴӾֱ֮󣬾һһؾ£һҲ֪̽Щʲô
֮һ˸ðѵõĳһƬա
ৣ
ºһ֮ϣݹһ¶һɫϽһ˿İꡣ
λʦܿڣ
긦һִ㼴˵ᵭȴƮ£һ֣Ϊ
λʦ֣£һӰٿȻڿնľ֮ǰע⵽ˣųʡ
֮ǰϫнͰݷãľ棬ϾЩʦʦǶʺܲУҲֻľˡ
ţһͷǺôӣʸ𣿡ľһüͷһ壬˵
֮ǰҲ֪һλˣԵҲǿԽϣʱһͷµسԼʻʱЩˡ
֪ϵ洫Уɲǰһˡ
˳ϫһ̴ӣУش˵أλʦֺͷһͨѵ⣬ľҲΪ죬ӽ͵
ŶüͷһȻԭǳϫʦܵˣȥ˵ﻪ칤纣ǰ
ޣԭ纣ʦ֡
ľһȴЩ֣֮ǰ˽⵽ﻪ칤ǰ䷢񣬿˵ӹ׵ĵط
纣칤ǰΪ˺£
ԭʦֵãǡϡͰʱʦֻĪյҲ纣һ¶һĨ֮ɫЩ˼
纣Īյˣüͷ壬ǿӣ˵λʦܣ䷢˰֮ûɣȥԺҲܲ䷢ĸ͸Դˡ
ԣĪյ˽¶Ȼ˵ɫѲµ纣Ϊ¶ġ
ôǻȥ
Щһһģ纣üͷ˵οɲˣѵõһ޷Ƿ񣬽ʱָܲԴһ֣ܵ洫ֱӱΪŵҲǲܣ
һ£Īյ˶ʱɫһ䣬ʶ̬ԡ


587 ѩ
칤ǾŻɰ䷢񣬿˵ӹ׵ĵط
ŻɵҲֳ֡
һǿҪڹ涨ʱڱɵģԴ˵ӵΪʵݴ丣Դ
һǽ˭ȡֻҪĳһ񣬾ͿԻӦĽҸѳ̶ȵĲͬЩҲ˲ͬĵȼӦĽҲвͬ
ʱ纣ǰΪľһ洫ӱɵĿ
˵ҲܻԴӴʦֻĪյ˼֮ЩµĿ񼸺һûɣӳѹţͱˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Īյ˶Լĵ;ϣ㲻Ҳóսɱ䲼񣬴඼йأҲ󶼶벻ս
£ûĪȥִ񣬸Ҳûʲôˡ
ʦһ뿪ôһжأĪճü̾Ϣ֪ӻڣ纣̬ȾԲǿӲ
˵ЩȻûôϾЩÿӶɵģӵıӻ£˶纣ǿӲ̬ȣҲܱԹʲôƽˡ
ҪȥִɡʱľĪյһüģΪ̣̲ס˵
㣿纣ЩãҡͷɲҾŻɵ洫ӣûʸȥִ񡣡
ľüͷһ壬˵ЩʲôȴĪյľʦ˵ȷʵ飬ΪҵȵΪʵЭ
׾ͺá
纣ͷ˵λʦܣʦҲǹΪǣǳֻǷ°ˡ
⣬⡣Īյ˵
Ǿ׼ȥ칤ȡɣסһڱǷ񣬷򡭡ųʦҲﲻǵġ
纣Ըһ䣬뿪ͻȻʲôԥƬ̣˵ʵЩϫʦܣʵӦÿɵġ
СʦڱչأٴĪҡͷ
Ȼˡ纣зһĨ֮ɫһûж˵ʲôת뿪

Ȼˡ⻰ʲô˼ѵ֪Ҽڱչ纣ʧӰľü˵
˭֪ء
ĪյЩɺһ޾ɵģſǿһȤûС
ûκΣ纣̬УѿһɲЩǷֻҪܳͷ洫ֱӱΪŵˡ
Щӣټ򵥲ˣʲôóüģʱһһӶ
һϮ£ֻߣֱüĿӢƯڰУҲһɱ˵ơ
ϴ˰£ͻĪǻˣ˵Ҳûʲô˼ɡ
ŶСѿʲô취Īյ˶ʱһʵ
ܼ򵥣һ˳ȡȻһȥһвӭжˣ˵
ǡ⿼ǲ˲ֵİĪյͷ
׺ֻҪϢˣ˭֪Ұɵģ
ã취ȷһ˾ˡ˵
СʦܳϫչأĪƾԼʦֵܵ˵ҲһǷԣҲֻн׵ܽˡ
ʹ죬˵һĵӣҲе㵣״͵
걻öʱЩ˼һֱоԼһһûаһսѪԡ
һֱϣԼϲĶȻԵãٵǷһ嶪ߡ
£ʰ˶ǰ칤ȡһ֮󣬾ͺһ뿪ϡ

뿪ãϣһСΡС
ûʵĵڣضһϮۣһͷڷһ˿磬ؼ䷺âʮ㡣
棬ͬҲһλߣ£ź󣬾Ͷ֮䶼һ֮ƮݣϢѷɫء
Ȼƹ칤ĳĪԣһɾؾĴ
Σ鷳ĪˣĪַģݶ飬ĳˣһس걨𡣡Ц˵
̫ˣⱾ칤֮¡
ĪԣЦŻ֣üͷһ壬ɵ˵СҾŻֿȵƽ̺϶мӣ䱦ôƺЩ
û˵꣬˼ֻҪɵӣó
ĪֶˡЩãȴЦҡͷʱôܺСӼƽϣ
˶٣˵οôҲֻЩȥˣϾŵĿ񣬿ÿӶɵģƾʲôôȥֻ»ӵĲֵԹصǿɲǾŻɵķչŽᡣ
Ϻ꣡Īԣаһ㶼ˮˣ̬治Ƕ
ûĶãĪԣ뿪
ߣʲôѵˣĪԣ뿪ãɫʱЦ
Ϻαغأ
ʱǴӰУٿȻӿֳһӰ㷢ںڣ̣ͦ񣬺촽ԸУѩ׾ѪŵΣֳһԵߵջ
ŮͶ֮䣬ȻһɷζȻǵĻˮ۲ӯӯһ۶ܰ˵Ǹˡ
ŮĵҲһ˿ȣڸһ뵽ŮǶĳͲ̵ɱַʱ˹ٲκηǷ֮롣
ѩȥ֮ǰϫӣҶὫŻɣáЦ˵ȻŮӣоȻһ˿޵ζ
ǻҪȵأҲ֪ūֻһȵģɲҪΪūŶѩתЦӯӯʵĵӣ޵ĺ촽Ө׵ıݣһ𣬵ǡ
꾫аһ䣬æһдȣ˵ѩҲˣڣҲû취̶Գϫ֣£ͼ֮֮ܲ
ŶǧūʧҪūһĵġѩգգ۾ҧԸеĺ촽˵
һһسæٴһвԹɸʲôãƫƫɸβһŮɣֱ˲
ūҿɾ͵ϵĺϢˡѩЦ˵Ŵɳƣ˶УץƵģѪš
δ£ѴһƮȻȥʧ
֪ǱˣӷǺúʰһٲɣ
֮سҧгݣкݺһ䣬۵һ˿ײҲ֮ʧ١
ʦ꣬ڸղȡһ뿪šʱһӴҴ⣬˵


588 ֮
ꣿǸһķһʵ
ʦǴˡ⣬ٴδӹ
ϫأȻסûüͷ
ԭΪϫ̲סԳ뿪ɣȥһͿϵһЩ֣⽫ϫ
뵽ûбƳϫƳһеˡ
˵ϫڱչء
չأ
һâȻЦˣСֻΪ֮ķ׼ء
Ǵĺ⣬ҪǱޣŶûУЦһоâ˸ʵȡʲô񣿡
ʯ룬ɱ
ʯ
سã̧дһö򣬶˳ȥԸȥö򣬽ϷȻ׸

㲻أϷͰƳϷ֪ץʦ֣㻹ܰǱ𡭡տĴУصͷϷһĨ֮ɫ

ǳ硣
Ƕ飬ɢʵĹԡ
뿪ţѹȥ֮ãѶ
ϫҲǳ磬Ȼҵزһˡ
ǳǿ֮ʮֻ꣬һʱѣһ£ǹȥһˡ

ͻȻϫڤѹ֮䣬ڱ³ϼУ죬Ϣʮǿ
ʱУȫĽԳһֿϾ״̬Ħ̫ǲ׳һ־򡶴⡷е
Ե⣬ǵĺˮ֪䣬ӵ˼Ϊ衣
⻹˷ãĸѴﵽԿڤʿĸ߶ȣȻǺɬͨ衣
ˣֻ²죬ͻᱻ⡷еصп߻ħ
ϫָһʱ䣡ȸѴﵽ˾׵ĵزȥԻᾪһ°͡
ϫԤУԼڤʱһɱ䣬ܹ
ԭǵϫһ߲ɷһĨ΢Ц˫䣬ӳǺӡ
ϧʱޣԻʱ䣬ʱ䣬úĥһΪˣܽڤӦܲκˡϫҡҡͷٺ˼롣
ûٶ뿪ǳ磬ӳ塣
ţôⱦڳϫҪ뿪ʱؿһ࣬һɽ塣
ɽ崣룬ֻ¶һķ嶥ʱˮûϸ۲죬ΪǺˮеһ齸ʯ
ϫ֪ǲǽʯһ˲õıŷ壡
ռخ˵˷ӵ⣬֥ôһ֮ڻĹʱڣɽҲǼΪϡ
ңڵ⣬һΪ֮ͨ˺գ˲ϢԵʱһɨκзñˢԣһŷ
˿ڻĹʱǰʮ⣡
ֻ꣬Ϊȡŷ壬خ֣Ϊֻ̫࣬ݷڶ֮У޷
ɴ˾ͿɼŷǺεһˡ
˵񻹲֮ͨϣȴӵǿ֮Ǽȡ⣬ǷҲܷӳصã
ϫһ˼⣬㼴Ӷ룬̽־ͳŷץȥ
𣡡
һȣϫӿһ챩ͻȫһץ֮£ʮʯû촷۲ɡ
Ȼŷȴֻǻζһ£һͷųһͬˮĲ롢䡢ء̻һϢ˲¶Ȼ
Ϊɲǣһɲǵħ̼ԪѪҺ壬Ҫҡ
һ£ϫŷĿ£Ҳᵽ꼾خܹȡŷ壬жôĲס
ΪԲˣͽһץ֮£Ծֻ΢΢һŷ壬޷𣬹˸е
𣡡
ϫǲôģһ̣ʩչأɸ߾ˣͷۣ纣ֻʯı۰򣬽ŷϡ
¡¡
һŷһζһ£ձϫһӺˮа
ৣ
һ̣Ѵŷ壬ȫʩչǿ֮˶
û취ŷʵ̫ˣ֥Сɽɸߣϣǵ㽫ⶼˣٶŤΪǱ
òץʱȰѴ˷ŲƳȥȻá

ৣ
ĪյһʦֵܣʲôظоһƬӰֶ£̧ͷһʱĿɿڴ
һɽ壬˰У
Сʦܣ
ŶСʦܰҺýţΪʲôء
СʦܾȻڰɽ棬ѵҲһǸڰɽĹ̥
ǹ̥ô˵𣿡
һʦֵ۷׷ףǰɽӵԼСʦ֮һ˵Ц
ԣŷ壡죬ϾֱĴڣ
ʦֻĪջһ𣬼þʧΪóľһ۾ͿɽĲ
һ̣ƿնܻ棬뷢Գ𣬴˿̸һڰգһٰ㣬֮
Сʦܣǧ£ŷ̫أҳһģ죬죬Ҵˣ
Уʦ˫һ񣬾һ˲ʹǧ򵽻ɬŹֵķһƬŷЮס
գ
¡һϫ޿κεŷ壬ȻڴʦֻĪյķ£ۿɼٶС
˲䣬ŷͻʮɸߴͨںڣͷųһɱ֮ĿɲϢԵޱȡ
ʦֻĪ̤ǰóһҲĲһӾͽŷװ˽ȥɾС
ϫʱͷ󺹣ʦؾͽŷ㶨ҲһȻš
ʦ֡㡭Ͱ
ϫҲ𺳸пȻҵר˭뵽ͬĴʦ֣һ
Ҫ֪ʱخɶķ˾Žŷս˶а
СʦܣĪˣʦǻĹеһĺᣬǿշŷȻڻ¡ʦֻĪչЦ
ϫһʵʦ֣Ƿܽе
ȻԣҪЩʱ䡭˵⣬ĪͻȻʲôȻСʦܣòҪ֮ͨɣ
ǡϫҲΪ棬ѵʦֻⲿͨţ
ȻʦܶҪ֪̫ʱڣϢɽ֮еģⲿͨҲһѧ
ϧŷںǰʧУҲѰٵõһͨȻܹɹˣһҲû䵽ڤѻһҲҲǷˡ
ʦֻĪп
ԭˡϫҲֲǶŹڸ޼ɵʦܣԭΪһѽˡ
ˣʦأ뵽⣬ϫĿһɨûзʦܣɻʵ
һȥִˡĪƲƲ죬Ѱǰ纣ǰ֮˳ϫ
ľϫͻȻоһ󲻶ԾԼоƺһ˿ıζС
ˣϫʦڲڣҸյõϢʦ֣ʯˣʱһ͸ŽԶ


589 
һϮȹĸ֫ӯӯһգɫѩ׾ӨãǱŮӰ档
Ӷϫ֮󣬾ͼҴ˵Ҹ칤ȡʦ˵ʦܱʯ룬Īԣ֪ͨ㣬ȥˣˣʦֻ»ˡ
ѣѵô
ϫüͷһ壬Ҳǵǲѣ׿Ǻһģ׵ֶΣ޷ͻΧָǿ
ɵĿһкԼеǾŻɸ࣬ҲܲÿӵİΣ
ɿ͵οѶȲƾŵӵʵ˻Σˣʦֻܱ˵̫ˡ
ԭˡϫһ̴ע⣬Ҫһ⡣
ŤͷľԸľ壬ûڵʱ˵ð㾡֣ۣܳ
ˣȥɣһжСˡ
ľȻʱҲ̬ϲȱˣϫˣͱ£¡
ϫͷٴγĪյ˵λʦ֣ǰ壬ǷģһὫʦܰȫġ
СʦܣҪСĵ㰡Īյ˶
ϫЦЦ˵ģڣʦӦòΣա
ϫʦܣȡݣа
˵ţһһö򣬽˳ϫ˵ϾҪʼˣʦ´ָֹұԣҿû취һȥӪʦˣҪСİ
ϫӹ˵ʦ㣬лˡ
лңϽȥɣ˭ʦʱչء˵
ϫЦЦӶ뿪塣

С뿪ˣ
壬ֺУ͵شվӣɫһĨ˷֮ɫ
ʦǳϫȷ뿪á⣬һӹ˵
ܺãĲ°ɡ
뿪ãһ찡죬ҸˣͿǷץסˣ

ʯŻɽΧһС͹ȡ
˵ΧŻɵţȴǧ֮ңԶͽУûأ͵ִﲻˡ
Գϫǿ֮ٶȣԲȫУҲҪ֮á
ҺãС粻ͬ徴磬Ĵֻ㹻һ˲Ժɽǧ֮⡣
ŻΪʮ֮һȻҲӵдֱͨʯ
ԣֻƬ̹֮󣬳ϫʯ֮⣬һ޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
㳡˺ܶ࣬ʿ봫ʿӴ߳ԵַǷ
⻹ǳϫ֮󣬵һĿɫﶼУδҲͬι״塢Ϣ֮ˣԶڹ㳡֮ϣ½롣
һֻƤëƥĴ󻢣ԱУԱƯŮ澷Ƴ⣬Ӷ˾ȻһȺƯŮ
ԹžǿƼ֮һȻ鴫ϫап
˵ʵͦΪūΪ͵ģоڼ̤Ϊ𣬼Ϊ˲ˬ
ϰΪʱʱףֻ徴缫Ϊձ飬Լܶܲ
ûٹпϫۣһԶʯ̧С

ʯ˵ֻһС͹ȣȴʮǳأռһǧڶɽڵԶɾӶࡣ
Ȳͬʯ֮ˣڵ̽ɸɰѳ֣ң£صĶˡаޡаӡ
̾룬λʯϲһΪءǵĳǳ֮⡣
֮
һ˾ΡƮȻˣĺɫ뵽سС
ա徾˵سһΪϷŵƿأֻڶΪߣҲڤ硭
룬λس֮ǧ֮߰⣬ڴ̾ᣬ޶ӶᷲΪʳء
ǳϫһ·ϣѴ½سǵ֡Լϵ˽⡣
Ź֣سǣϷȴܲˣɺΪҰĪ֮仹ʲôϵɣ˵ϷŵԽЩ𣿡
һ˼ϫһ߷УȡϢݡ
ʯ룬ɱ
УкˣΪʳء
ʵΪ
Ѷȣͨ
׼򣺳ɱ
飺洫ȡ
ˣҸջ̽Ϣ˵
ϫҡҡͷųʯ·ƮȻȥ
سǵĻôã·ӿݣĵ̿ȥҲΪ¾ɣƺܳʱ䶼ûֱУҰ
ңеҲΪϡ٣ʱոĺɫ٣СϣֻˣԵú壬͸һɪϢ
Ȼϫ⻷ĿǾ׺꣬ڴ˶ය
س룬һߵľ¥ƻͨУӻɫľչҡҷɷĿ
سΪֵĵطˣ˶ĵطζϢҲࡣ
ϫھ¥һֻҪһƣ
˵ǰЩӣŻɵһӣǰִʱסˣ񶼲֪
ɣŻɿʮ֮һ˫˭ҶŻɵĵӣⲻڻڰѰ·𣿡
ߣֵܣǵһسǰɣѵ֪λһĺ޷죿˵ǾŻɵĵӣŵĵˣҲȥ޻ء
УǼռɽΪޣŻǣһָˡ
㰡㣬̫棬سڣʲôû
һ̸Ȼ΢ȴһ˿ضϫ˶С
ʦסϢȻˡϫһһĨǣеסˡ
ߣη󱲣ڱүү
ڳϫ뿪ʱǾƵ⣬һһɫ·˽
һͷҰĳڼϣƹǽڴִݸǿֲݺύĵ̣Ψһ˫۾䣬ɢ屩ŰϢ
¥ڵʱʧѻȸţÿɫƵӿһĨ֮ɫ
˻סֻһƬ޲õͷ뿪
ţŨصɷŨصΣ
ϫ̧۴һۣĿⲻһУӴһ¾ͲܣһƵںڹΣŨüͬʵʰ㡣
ɱ޹̫࣬ɵ̫󣬴ӶγɵΣϵΣϵ޹ʮ֮
졢ĺˣ


590 ͷһ
һƬžС
һЦԱһļʿղţǼ˵үүĻģ
Ǽʿŵɫֱ̱ڵأԣ͵һ£֣ǣǣҵȾû˵ǰĻ
ݿ죬˵ҲǶ϶Աŵòᡣ
ߣʱƭүүң
Ȼһߣɷӿڹ磬˾ʬɽѪ߳һ㣬Ũɱ׹ߣѡ
ȻΪҪֵʱ͵ŤͷƳһ࣬˭ƺҺܾã
һ꣬ԣ°΢΢һ̧Ǻе北
ûһͣЦ
ҵسǾ㣬ܺãɱ֮ҾͿԻŽˡ
赭д˵ڣҸѡһԼأԶ֣ѡһ
ԣ¥˶һÿˣ˵Ҫնɱе北ֱѰ·
ǴسǱʿ掠ʵޱȣΪؼΪݶɱԣд˵е˶ʮ֮ˣ
һɱĺݽɫ˭ɱģ
ϫҲȷݣҲͬǽ㣬оɣ̤Ьٴȫѹ

͵شЦ䣬˶ĤĿоһĨһСС࣬Ҳҿڳԣֱǻˣ磬ӦˮںĵӣϧվʦųˣҲȲ㣡
ɱ飬ŵĵ׷ɱܰȻڣıǵѪķḻͺսʵɲֻô򵥡
Ȼڤ粻飬ͱĺˣ˸㣬ҽзۣˮںĵӣУҲĸ֡
з۵ĽվԴǼ͸һɽ֮ɫ
ߣһͻȻɫһ䣬۾˷ۺ󷽣ƺʲôӵˡ
һҲƳȥ
Сӣ㻹۰
ʱɫ¶һĨЦһԾǽڴִֹЮһĨӿڹ⣬һƳȥ
ɣ۴ŭ⧲֮£ʶ˹ȥ
䣡
Ƹһײһɿֲĳϯ˷ڵεȫ飬һЩʵǳʿֱӱ߿Ѫ
¡
һ죬سֵľ¥ûܿסɿɲĳȻ̳ɢ
ʱ¥ڵʳͣƵĶ˳ȥ
ҲȥˣȴǱһķɳȥˣӰǱߵĽֵϣɫǲ԰֮
⧲һƣ˲Сİ
Ѫħƣ
һ̣ѽ׷Ͳ۴ϢĻᣬ˵ޱȣҲԿ˵սжôĺֶΡ
һֻѪɫ֣նͷųа䡢Ű֮Ϣɽѹۡ
£ȫԪѪܺ
ɶ
ؼʱ̣۴һ͵ҧ⣬͵رһ࣬˫ƹЮĿ⣬¡¡Ӳ˹ȥ
䣡
ײ͵ŤţǿҵⱬҪѪɫ֣κѪޱȣɽҴһɾ˵ĸʴ⸦һϣѩˮ㣬׷ڻɢ߽ˡ
ۣ
һѪŵصɳȥ
ĻŹȴûᣬ׷ϣЦһдΪΪ˵ãȴޱȣĳӶ֪ɱ˶ٸˣ
ˣΪϵ⣬׸𣿡֪Լ˴δˣŤת棬ض
˵ʱжһöҩϼ⣬Ө͸ХƷ༫Ϊ
ԥµҩһ̣ۻ⣬Ŀ˵Ϣǽڽһ˲䣬Ѵĵز
Ȼöҩܹʿһ˲䣬Ϊ
ˮڵԪ浤若һ
벻㻹е̷˵֮һڣҵʵᱩĵز֮ǰҲȫѹһ£ҿθҶ
һЦһȻɱ˹ȥ
飡飡飡
ƷХϼ߽սһԵĽȻ飬Ǳһ޴ѷ칵֣ޱȡ
ڴ֮ǰΧ۵Ѳ٣вһЩǰسִŵӣһĻ֮ɫ
ϫӰҲȻȺС
벻ֹҾŻɽΪĿ꣬Ҳͬˡϫ˼
Ԫ浤Σүү良ȣȻӿһƬѪ⣬ͬЮһѪӣҪǷ۸ûˡ
ߣɱûţʵʮ㣬Ӱ㣬ϣ̽籧£һƬϼȭ
飡
ȭײϼɢನɢܣ˺գʵ졣

Ȼһ̣һʹǷ˾ݺݺ˵УϣڿѪֹ˿ٴ
ɣ㾹ȻԼʵ
үү˸㣬ڰǰҾѽزЦ۵һèϷӵģ̶Ϸʡ
±ӣҲŹġŭĿԲĵһһ̣ʵѾˡ
ûֱܣڽ񣬺թаһΪνͲƸðգնԼ
꣡
̲ģ̧һƣֱ˶ԷԴǰ׼ѹβ
֪ΪˮڵĺĵӣⷽϱȻЯ˴ıռΪУѵܱ˱ˣ
ĺսƻֶΡĵˣǵȷпܱˡȺͻȻһૡ
˭
略ĿʱֹסŲѭ˹ȥɫ壬˲Ŀꡣ
һˣ㿡ݣƮȻ
ˣ略ʱЦɱҵӿɲ٣սһˮڵӣðһôҲһʬͷ
˵ȴһĨɣȻ֪ǰˣΪﵽ˺εȵز⡭еˡ
˵㾿ʲôģҲϫڣ辰ʵҪ̽һ̽ϫʵ
ǳϫһĿע£̧߳ȺɫƽȻ˵ֻͷһá


591 һ
ͷһã
ԣΧЩսʿǵһǡֱˮڵķۻҪ񰡣
˭

ĪҲǷһһţ
سǣÿ첻֪жŵǰҪɱҪôΪҪôΪ
ôȥˣǺúûţЩŵûѳʧؼ䣬ʬ޴档
ǰˣֻҲҵ³ɣ
˽ԶЩóϫЩֱˣ˵ʱʱ̫񣬿Ϊɱ֮ġ
掠ƤȴǺݺһ鴤ĸܺ˲ͬԷǴݲȵܵЩΣƺʲôµ鷢
ܿ죬ͷͷôܣһ˶ѣҲ˵
뵽⣬ЦСӣҵͷ­ͿǷȡˣ
䣡
˵ʱڿնӿ޾ӿѪ⣬һƾͳԶĳϫݺݰȥ
Ʒ磬бѪȣʴգŰ˻ģ޺Ŀɲ󣬽Ƭض·һƬļµɭѪ֮С
Ѫӡ
諒һȱѷѰѧܹ⡣
ˣѪӡ֮£˹𣡡
Χ˼ˣɫ䣬ԥŤͷܣΨһ֣ͱɲƷˡ
¡
һ춯صľ죬ֵ෽ԲǧɷΧڣеĽѣǧٿףӵȺֱӱѪɵҺûüͳʧ
ٿϫ֮أѻһԨƵѷ죬ףһƬκ
㱾£ҲҸүүǲ֪±Ͷ̥ˣһҪ㣡
Цޱȡ
֮ǰĳϫʲôɱﵣһ֣ȫʩչԼľѪӡ룬СӾȻһжû£ֱӱˣ
ΨһϧǣԷɱ֮ϵıʲôĿ϶Ҳûˣ梁ź̾˿
ˣ˵ԶһʿнԶ̾һȻһѰĳ񣬾Ȼһжסʬ޴ˡ
ܹѪӡ֮£ҲϾǰɵӣƳʩչеĻᶼûУֱӾͱŰɱˡ
ৣ
Ȼ׼ȥѹηϱʱȴȻӲͬһܰ㡣
ͫУһĨĿ֮ĽͻȻĿӾεĳϫͬһĨ磬Ϣ֣ȫ˲Ƶٶȴǰһ
ͣ
һĨɺȵѪɽġ
㡭ûСͫף˫ֽסоǾŭ־֮ɫ
ΪĲǣÿ˵һ֣ͻһѪȪ˵һʱͷ͸ĹϹֱӾ׹ҲȻء
ણ
һֱֻ̽ץסѪܵͷ­ϫƳһ۵ϵͷʬ壬ҡҡͷȻ˵ͬ˸˵ѽԲˡ
̾諒ƻթһӣͷԾһʱԴ͵
ȻνڳϫնɱʱѾԼǾԵʵԵƣ޷ֲ
ˣʱĿɿڴŴ͡
֮ǰǻΪϫѱɱʬ޴棬뵽һգ۵Ĺ򣬳ϫسˣ掠ͷ­
Ƕûϫγģ
ǵٶȣֱѳе˲š
һ֮£ͷأǺεȵĸɴ࣬εȿɲĽԵе⧲֮ʣѴһ飡
ˣܿ£һʿɫص
ݺңô꣬ȴһ֮г䣬жǿʵһһҲ𾪵
˵˸òǾŻɵĸͽɣϷ·𿴵˶Ӱӣͬᣬͬѣһֱɱˡ
ǿǾŻ洫֮һڤѻһǿߣǰôǿ𣿡
ûжǿҲ

Χ˽۷׷ס
ϫȻˣЩЦЩһ֪ԼˣҲ֪θ룿
ͬʱҲ˾ŻɵӰĵӣܴﵽǧ֮һƫԶУɴ˾Ϳ֪Żɵжôǿˡ
ܿ죬עϡ
北Ȼһͷʬ壬Ԫڣڴɱ̫أŨͬʵʣȶˣֻضȻתͶ̥ˡ
Ȼ糧ԶһػϧϫǾԸԳġ
ˣ
һ̣ϫ̽һץһֻδַɳֱӴʬϡ̡һӰ掠Ԫ
ˣϽүүЩ֪Ƥңɱú
Ԫ˻Ȼƾȴϫ߬סûһ˿ݵĿܡ
ţ
ϫüͷһ壬о޷ѣԪϣȴһںڵ֮ԼӿҪʴ̻ԼľѪꡣ
̨ƷƷһϴа
һ̣ϫУشһ貶Ŀ̨ͷųʢޱȵĽ⣬һϴأɱʥϢ
ԡ⡷еһΪʮƷ̨ɶܹɱаרаޱȵĹ
ǳչصһʱУϫ˲ٵ⡰ʮƷ̨ɶ֮һ
˵˷߾أʩչֻܹаɱʥޱȡ

񳯻ͣ掠Ԫһ̨ͷŵ貽֣ʱҲںڵΣ׷׷ٻյ۵亮һޱȵļУĲѡ
һԪҲ׿ݽߣĨɱǣ֮䣬˵תͶ̥ˣ
ó۶ʿǶ߶ԣԶ޷ܵɱǻܡ
ңǰЩǰسǵľŻɵӣϫʵ
㡭ǾŻɵĵӣ˻
ٷϻɱҲˡϫƳһе̨ĮȻ˵
˵ˣܷŹһ·𣿡殺
ϫٶ˵ٴ̨ɱ掠Ԫֱ۵ú߲Һտסױȵʹ࣬һжг
飡
õԼ֪һУϫ̧־ͽ掠ԪĨɱһԾ뿪ֳ
Ƭ̺
سǶϷ֮ء
˵ʦ񾹱δҲ̫ŹˡĪ֪ʹƣ˵ģ
һεӰҹɫȻ˸ԶǵƻͨĻֺ뽨Ⱥ̶ѨҲֻһˡ


592 ǿƵ
Ϸֻһɣո𲻹ʱ䣬ΪߵҲֻ֪һˣڤ龳硣
гϵΪȴԶǻ
еӣ򼸺һɫǽ𵤾µΪǼ֮࣬˵ݬ룬ȥҲ岻ˡ
Ķʯǧ򣬶಻ʤ϶ԣϷŻǶȽϴһ
ؼڣ֪Щ⣬ʮܵڵһͽ˵ܵѺ޹ϸ𣬵һرȴκ˶С
ϾܵڿϹžͳƾޱȣλʮ֮һ徴磬պա
֪˵һͽɺô鵱ܵйʶȻˣ£˭С
سǣϷžϵͳߣ꣬ûκ˺ܹ
Ϸŵĵ̺ܴ󣬼ռس򣬽۴αȣߴֺ룬޽ɽ֮ϣһΡۻǲ
ԶԶһϷżֱһĳǳذ㣡
ʱҹĻ٣Ϸڵƻͨ磬Եúò֡
ʦ֣ǻˣõĹ
ԷʦҲˣʦء
ϷΰǰĵӳȥԱ߿شŵĵæǷʺá
ţ˭ȥʦһ
ʱԶһӰû˿ֹ̬ƣȵֹϷţɱǲˣ
һȸһʱǴϷ¥ӿһźµӣףִɫĿɷ¶֮ɫ
ಣ
ǳϫȻһɳ죬ֱӾͳΡĳ¥ϣȻӿɢһɿɲˣɨԭڳ¥ϵһźµӣֻоһֱӾͱ׷ɳ˳¥
һ˲䣬¥ֻվųϫһˡ
ЩµˤȥһñףҺѣ˲֪ٿ飬̱ڵһˡ
ʵǽԶΪģӳ¥ˤȫˣҪǴֲ֮£ϫһɿɲų˴
⡭ʲô£
ѵҪսϷţ
ǰһ͵ؿų¥ϵĳϫţһ˾ҳҹɫܵϷŵĵҰ
ৣ
һ̣ϫӿնֱӳ֣Щˣ̽ĳһֻͷųʢϼĴ֣ޱȣ¡һǺΰ¥
¥дػ˷ģڳϫһ֮£ȴֽһ㣬˲ֱȻ
ϷŵţһϣȻһĵϡã
䣬ʱ˸һЩʿע⣬ޱȣʲôˣҽϷŵĴŸײˣ
ϫڰգԣ裬ȣٽʦ֣ϷŽӽԶн
羪ףҰħŭԭڳ¥ΧЩһЩ·һʹס䣬׷׳Ӵɢ
һ֮ﵽسǵÿһ
ϷŸĸȻ״סˣҪϷŴнжôǿƣŸ˵Ļ
Ҫ֪Ϸţسǵƿߣ
˭˺֣
˶ɵˣţһ˶ѣ
㡭ʲôˣ𣡡ϷЩԶȳ⣬Ҳ̫ˣϷŵʲôطˣ
йеľ㵺ŭ
Ļ
ϫӦٴ̧֣ǿƶԵһĶ£¡һǧڵĽ飬ĥ̴ʯͷķɣ̳졣
ϷŵӶʱסˣҲ̫ˣϷʲôͲ
һ֣ɱ˴ˣһ
¡
һַ̣𣬸ѧâҫӳյ֮ͬ硣
ȻϫһһƬбݺĸֹȫɢܣ޷˵һë
ǿ˾壬ڿʼеһ˿
һвûֹٴγҲΪ£ǼţֻҪƬ̣гϱȻѶɱ
ˣϫδЩ˷ͷ£һ̤ڵ϶һţ
ΧĴ͵طĽ˴Ѻۣʯ£ȥϷʮ֮һĽʼݿǿҵĵ㡣
𣬻ڲϳ˷ӣһƬƬѷɢһƬƬ档
ʱϷڣǲִٱӵӰǾŭޱȵŭɹ㾪һƬ
Ҽʦ֣Ը
ĩսٰһĻΪ˵ĳϫȴĮȻ֮ٴγʾϷˡ
֮ǰжʱϫ˼ʦֲϷţʧҲȻϷӲϵ
ԭܼ򵥣е掠Ҵҡڵسǳ֣Ϸȴ޶ã֮䣬ȻŲɸ˵Ĺϵ
掠ĳֻһɺϣسǲԶϷ᲻֪ԼһȺΪķڣ
ܹలµز˽±ȻѴĳЭ飬˵γѹϵ
ټǰ˵һУóϫȷţʧ٣ȻϷϵ
⣬ҲͬŭԭһССɣȴҴŻɵӵע⣬ֱǻڰ֪

ϫľ棬ڳϷŵӣסһæΪľŭѲ²򵥣ȻԷֻһ꣬Ҳܻǳ鷳

֪һл͡
νңǼҰȫĵطݻᵣй¶ʲôϢҲõĻᱻֵʲô
ȴüͷ壬ɫЩɨŶɷļһ˵һıӻǣǾãܹӴ𣿡
ˣǺеϴ北ˡ
ߣһŻɵĵ𣿳˾ͳˣδ̫Сˡں˵
ˣ
֪ñףҧ˵һŻɵĵӲʲô֪Ϊ˭£ܵڣСӶܵڵжôǾҳˣֱǡ޴
ܵڣ
ԣһǿɶ֪֪ϻܵڵͽ˵棬Щ鷳ˡ
ܵɱǣһָ֮ˡ
һ뵽Լ罹ڳǼʱȴʲôܵˣܹʼ磺û취ԶѾˣܲҵȰ³ɣ
ǡֱǻ˰
֪÷ζը֪²ϵܵڣ;ŻеĳλŹϸǴԼֻ¶һ٣
ˣԣһļһҪ̤ϷţһڵӶѿҪмܲסˡ
ʱһĨң֪ĶУֱһ궼ɳ
Żɵˣ


593 ɱ
֪ɫޱȣ粻
Ѷĵӣнңϸѯ
õĴ˿ֻһˣȻŻɣֻҪǾŻɵĸ߲лˡ
һŻɵĵӣԱߣеĶͻȻ˵ﷺһĨĹ⻪
ҲһɫЩ죬׽͸
Ҫʲô
֪ɫʱһޱѿҾǣܵڵĴ£˵ңҲһӲ
ô죿˼Ҷ۸ˣ͵ԴУ
һЦ˹˵磬ֵܵˣɱΣģ˵ܵڣǾŻɹҲֵܼе
㡭֪ؿڼȴԥ˶Լһʲô顣
ǰͽӵ˾Żһ飬ͬʱֵõܵڴһָԶҪľŻɵӣȻԴΪʣҪԸһСϫˡ
ѾץȻȴǰЩԵˣ
ֱ֪綼֪Щǽˡ
Ͼֻһɵƽ̣ܵڣǾŻɣҪĨɱֱһֻ϶ס
ԣЩظ֤ҪеһкʱȷǴΪ⶯仰˵ЩҲ԰һˮϲǣ
ɴ̽ǴϷŵ˽ʲô֣֪ͻȻһ£Աλŵĵӡ
Ӳ֪
ԣ֪粻üѣ̫ŹˣһŻɵӣȥҺ鷳ԼϷŵҰ
ѵѲµԼʦָӺģ
뵽⣬֪һ֪ϢǴؾŻɣԼϷֻ¶ҪŻɵŭû
Ȼ
Ҽʦ֣ԸһĮ͸ҵط˽
֪ɫһ䣺ȻϷŵĵ϶žһˣ
¡¡
ͬʱһضɽҡ·Զ˴һɢߡ
޴֪ϣЩŭ˾˭˲ĪǾŻɵ洫֮һ
ԥʲô˶ɱˣڲ©˷ǿɾΪʱˣ
ߣֵһ֣ĸ󻼣
⼸һվӣ໥һۣǽԶ¶һĨЦݣֱӾͳңȻٲ֪Ƿͬˣ
Щ쵰Ҳãһ˵ĵ׶治еĻ͡Щ뿪ã֪ͻȻ侲УȴһĨȻɱ

ǴǷϷǰϫֶԣֱǹȻȻһˣȴһΡɽ޿ɺơ
ϷŵһڵӣһľսͻȻɱˣûٸǰð
ղŵһĻĻʵŻǣͶ֮䣬ͽϷʮ֮һĽݿһƣͽйΪΣֶΣѳǵԼСȥЦ
ʱֵҲԽˣسǵʿŷ
ղŽһ鷢ۻңӦ˵죬ˡ
ȥ˶Ϸţ
ˣϷŵĴžˣöཨ˷棡
쿴ǸˣҲ֪Ǻηʥȵ飬ֻ»ᱻɱɣ
ϷǵĴţصķ棬۷׷ףɲƽԶţ˸ϷŵĵҰ
ϾϷسǣֱʵ۰㣬δҲûĸ˸ҳıӵȥսϷţֱѰ·ûʲô
ȻڣȴôˣҿƺռһЩϷ磬ȻĪĺ䶯
һ
ϫȻһУ䣬ĮȻϷ¡ϯĺЩϷŵӶĺѡ
Ҳ˲ѹ˺еѣܲ־壬תҪߡ
ߣôĹһСҲϷҰֱ
ʱϷٿȻһںڶݹ⣬̶ƿͬʱһŨͬʵʰѪɱǵذء
ৣৣৣ
ݹΣ¶ӰһϢɭһӿ֮Ѫ֮Ǻе
ޣֹϷŵһȻɫ䣬ԶսĳʿҲоѡ
˵Ӱ̾س϶꣬Ϊķɱ޹˵ѪΪʳνǳӯڳܲʶǣ
ΪʶԲǸеȻ;֣ΪλʱϷ˵ѺϷŹˣ
仯̫ͻأڳ˶еҲǱźѹ֣ˡ
ʦ֣ɱ⣡ϫվڷϣͻȻֱֵ˵
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Ҫ֪ʦ֮ǰִʱɲֹһˣһػƾʱܽڤΪɱЩһҲ練ƣѴ֮
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һںڹͷֻаƴСȴͷųΣǵһ⣬ɱ졣

ϫָںڹͷϣһ죬֮ɣȴûл飬ɸеһ˿Ȼ
Ҫ֪ʵɻ׼Ʒˣȴͷɴ˾ͿɼͷĶôˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ںڹͷȺնɱڹϣӿ̵ĺˮƬضһƬqqС
һͷһͷͷҽеĹǵأӳĵһƬɭ㡣

ĽֵľһںУʱ縯ʴǧٿףش꣬ɲޱȡ
ЩϷŵĵӡԼսˣܣֱǹֵĺմȾˡ
˶ֻ֮Ժһ˿ȫʱһƬƬ̮ݣϣһ˲ͻһ̯Ũںڵ֭Һޱȡ
СӣѱСѪĹУƬ̣ͻᱻʴȫꡢѪͳͳᱻ׼һԩ꣬ú
˵ǾŻɵĵӣţڼɣаħΪΣ޹֮ܺ
ǺãҾ͸㣬ƿȴ޷ĥЩĹ෴Щɢ˷б飬ȫữһ̯ŧˮǵ꣬ᱻҵӶᣬҵȵʵ
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ǵǵı˵ǵʩչ˺õˣǺ޷ܵˡ
ΪߵµҲسʩչ
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Զһֱעս֪ɫʱˮðɣֱ޲һЩ֪صĴ
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ǱŻ֪ǵһӲԼϣָԼô죿
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̨֮ϣȻųϫǾ׿ȻӰԣŲ̨һ㡣
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Ѱʿͬа޽ٶȼ֮죬ȴɱ¾ΪۣԽߣҪɱ¾Խ࣬أͻΣպɽٵʱ򣬼Ŀܡ
ֻһͽڤ֮ľʹֹԣ뵽һע⣬ǾǶᣡ
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597 춴
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599 սȼ
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600 Űĺò
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601 ȡ
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񣬵֪ԼֵһɲǣϫһƬ޷ƵĲм˸Сһİ

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׵ģ׵ıԡԼ֪
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ڴﵽڤˡϫۣһɲǣĿ绮񷣬ת˲š

һȥ֮ΧռȫΪģԲǧ֮ڵɽʯľ촷ۣɢ
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ЩӱصĿһɨһγѰ㣬һ̣ȫһĿⲻƵ̨ϵĳϫ
۶ˣҲһۣ˸ѡ
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һ̨̤ףϫʦܴͽ̣
ϫȴ첻ԣĿһɨƽ̨ǰӣֿ˿һ̨ϵ۶ˣͻȻǲǶĵӶҪսң
ףһû뵽ϫʳһ仰ܿ죬ͷӦȻЦǾͿϫʦ̨ܹϼֶˣ
ʱڳҲӦЩӣ̨εӰֻĳϫԶԼ³Щʲô
Щ쵰óսϫȺſϵײм˵
ôɰɣһĿһɨЩӣʮвһʱףЩȫŶȥսϫпܱǵóˡ
ڳˣûһɵϣӳϫףĶԻУһӾԼµ˶ڵӵģüҡͷһ㡣
ȴû˶˵ʲôΪǷԣչ涨ÿĵӣǶ̨ϵĵӷսġ
һڵôˣΥ˹ء
ƹ̷֮µϣһĻ֮Ҳֻüͷһ壬̾ѣ֪ͳϫ֮ìܣѼҵ޷ĵزԼǲƫһǻ
ԣѡֻҪΥҲֻѡԹۡ
ϫʦܣɸҽҵսҵĻ͹Թ뿪̨ɣϫĬף߲һĨЦʵ


609 һ
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Ҫ֪ܹμӷԵĵӣΪԲǻʵӹɵǿôųɶȥһһսϫ壬ֻҲסˡ
Եʵ̫ԵˣӣҪΪ𰡣
Ĵ洫֮侺ҲпᣬԭΪֻǴţһǱȴлҪпᰡ
ϫˣ屾Ƶƾһˣֻºѿס˺ս
ڳнԶǰ̾ѣһ۶ϫĴ᧿Σˡ

һƬŵķΧУ̨ϣϫǰ̤һһͷԶħԳ̤أ̨͵ؾԿ޾ķĴĽɢ
һ˲䣬ϫ˵ƶˣ磬ϢԨӳǳɢһɾ°ơ
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֮ЩȴȻЦ¶м֮ɫôĿҲţƤˣ
۶һۣԶҡҡͷԳϫΪȻѡ
Сһ̫ᣬ𼤽ҡͷЦòȻȴǵޱȣͲԼµһϣϫݺһ
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Щ쵰֪ܣԶٱͼΪˣڻ̨ҫˣǳ̬ٳ˲ݰ
Զ׼һĻֱ޵޲̨ЩСȫĨɱˡ
ϫȴɫŰ㣬ĿͻȻ̨һۣҲһϰɣ
ԣڳʱһƬȻһ񿴹㿴ųϫŶʱˣϫȻٴս֣սӵϣ
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Ҳ洫Уʵϻ㶼еһƴҪ֪ħͬȫѹʿܹʵܻˣ
ͳϫĶսУǳϫξǱذɰ
˾ɲоϫԱһ㣬֪޷ȡʤҪĻˣҲòˣȥҲһЩ
ϫҪˣһܣֻܵ´ηȥӵӵˡʱҲ̲ס˵дһ˿Ȱ⡣
ҳϷģһкϫ˵óΪԼá
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һеģֻǳϫһ


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һĻʱҲ΢΢һУԼ꣬ʵҲȻûЩСһǰǿ
仰˵ͬһУϫչֵʵ԰Ӵڤʿˣ
ʱ̨ϣϫ͵ƺһһĪѹϵǻһѪ
ʲôǿϫȻһˣ̨⣬𾪣̲סˡ


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˰١Ƿ˴˵ɵޱȵġս壿ƵƵ˸ϫĿУѴһĨ֮ɫƾ̰ɻƲţ֮
صʱԺеʱһɼȵķŭȡ
ԼĹ׼ôʱ䣬غ֣ȻԾûܽϫƵò㶼³Ѫ
ˣλʦ־Ȼˡ
£ʵ̫£ϫʦֲֻսɲµʱ䣬񣬾Ȼһ֮ɨжӣʵʶĴ洫ɽˣ
ɣޱʦֻ̨ǳϫʦֵĶ֣
ݵĳ֮£ʱһƬȻ˷죬쳹⣬ΪϧҲΪϫϲһӷڻ𱬵˼¡
̨ǰ۶վĿ̨Ȼĳϫ͸һɲ֮ɫ
˶Ѿˣѱ̨ױ̭ٴվҲûпȥս̨ϵĳϫ
벻ҾŻɾһҡҡͷת뿪Ҳ
ϫʦܣҵˣɽĿһɨԶϻͱӣЦϣֵܹ󣬶һӵӵ
˼ԶԵ˲꣬ΪǶӣϻ塢ĵӣϫѱٽƣԵɱһ֮ų̂ˡ
ϫһЦȴǲ˵ʲô
Ȼۻζη壬Ϊһʿ֮⣬ɻһλߣ


613 ӵ
ۡڵĶвμӷԵĵӱɨȫ̭һеģֻǳϫһˣ
һĻ£Щŵӣ洫ӣԶ۷׷ףը˹Ŀһǰδе漣𺳡
û˭ܹ뵽ռɲµˣȻһ
ۣ֮ƽ̨֮ϡ
μĵѾ˳ֻʣϻͱĵվУ̨ϵĳϫԼһյ̨û˵
Щ졣
ճ̨ԭ۵ģǶѱ̭Գ֮
ϫһ춯صĴսҲѲٽƣıԵƺֻҪһǰսܽˡ
仰˵Խе۵Ȼ˳ųϫܵľģУƺƽ̨ǰĲӿճ˸Ļᣡ
ֻҪץסֻᣬͿԻһΪһӵӣ
֮ǰ˲ģϾÿһķԣӵӵǸ洫׼ģܹȾָ
Ȼȴͬˣ̨ճһ̨ϣһҲƺΪĹȣپһս
һӣƺԾᣡ
ҲЩδ̨սĵӣнԽסҲüࡣ
̨ռˣ
ԹƵУһٻӰٿȻһ磬˲Ϣѳһ̨ϡ
һϮȹѣ㷢ɢӨ֬θˣǱŮӰ档
վ̨ǡ㰲ޱ˫˫ڸ̨ϣòʸǧγһķ羰ߡ
ƽ̨ǰһڵӿû˼ȥͣЩ⡣
ʵҲһ޷ȣĴɽ洫УҲһĴڣټ洫ӵһˣھȺףʱ̨ϣ˭˼ȥսˣ
һ˵˰ޱô죿
¾ðŵﰲޱķգǰսҲ˸˵һܽˡ
ԣһӾ׹̨ȻڰɣǰսֻҲŤת档
ৣ
Ϊĳ΢΢һһɲǣһӰȥһճ̨ȥ
ϻһӣг䱣ԻĹе绢һ壬ħߣԲΪʵҲΪ⺷
䱳֣˽Զ˿һʵȷףһλǿĽΪ̣Լʵѷɫڳ䱶٣вȥս䱵׼ˡ
ЩˣĿͶ˳ϫɫɲܳϫֵ̨ܵϫķԼ̭ˡ
ЩĿ⣬ϫֻƽţԲݲȣûκεĽš
ǲǳϫʦܵĶ֣Īˣһһߡʱһ̨ϣ߳ĬԵ㣬ͻȻĿһɨƽ̨ǰϻӣ˵
ЩϻԼĪжʮˣһɫħߣԽԶǰһ͵𣬴Уϫǰսܶʱȷõ幦
˵Ļʱ̨ϵĳϫԪݽߣ޷ʱڻָȴǿΪսģ
һ뵽⣬һЩϻӶʱϨȥսϫͷǰĿ˳ڵ̨
ԾһСϻӲĻţִҪԼóϣȥܳϫ̨
ȥսϫʦܣûʧܵ׼ʱ򣬰ޱҲͻȻ˵Ŵöˡ
˵ĶЩŮӣԳϫʵΪ֪ƾ衶֮ۡͨԼЩʦǣעռκαˡ
ЩŮһնѡȡʦ㰲ޱĻϨȥսϫ˼
϶ԣǱ˴εջѾԤˣޱԶǱ壬ǶܳΪһӵӣҲɡ
ৣ
һϻĵջûסпһ̣ǵٳϫ̨ϣȭ˵ϻлϫʦܴͽ̡
лò࣬ݸ㣬ΪҲԲ磬ʱ̨ϣɫ̹ȳҲΪ
лʦ֣롣
ϫͷһ̣ѪٿȻȶͷųһɲء֮ĺơ
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ˣлһУȴη壬̤ǰȭЮһɴɽѺǣգֱӳϫ
һȭվֱӣӺأһȭֱ羪βְ˷ж޺֮ǡ
һϫӰζƳȭӿױУһ£ֱӺлӲӲ
飡
һ죬ɢХлӰܿƵصŵŵų˳ʮಽұ۷飬ؿڶ
ٿϫȴԭأȻɫݲȣȴ磬һ޷ΡɽǿҵѹȸС
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ܹμӷԵĵӣûһ෴һһǿĿⶾжϳлǳϫĶˡ
ΪЩϻӳԾǣϫ幦Ȼ˼£ЩרħĶҪǿ֣
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ˡϫңңȭ
һ£ʱЩҪսϫĵϨ˼תĿ˳ϡ

ս֮ǰȣҪζ࣬ϫޱ桢̨ϣһսԵ֮
ڳ䱵̨ϣȴսߣƵ滻ֱڱһϻӸռ̨Ӯʤ
ˣԽ
ϫޱ桢㡢ˣȻ޿ɵػ˳Ϊӵӵ
ʵ϶ԣУǰ桢ʵҪۡҪԲһЩϧǣսϫܣɥʧ˳Ϊӵӵ˶̾Ϣ
ͽѭӦˬΪҪԳϫŻһֶ
ޱ桢㡢󡢳ϫɣ񻪷һЩϣҪһЩ½ӵӣΪǰǱ֮ء
Խƹ̷ϣϫٻ˹һ㼴ǳ񻪷Ӷȥ
ǻ˰εҲջ֪ϫСϣȻڤ֮صı˰ȴ塭
뿪صɫԵޱȣ˸Ҳ֪ʲô󣬴߾һĨ޵ĹЦݡ
СӣֻǸտʼɲ꣬ҰϢ͸¶ħټܵڵıĻǺǡ


614 ʯ
Ļϫ̷ǰ񻪷壬ܿʧ
£еĿ뿪֮פ÷Ÿȥ
һķԣʢǰĶǣ۾ʳ̶ȣǳԣġ
УΪҫ۵ĵϫɣ
һˣɨвμĵӣۡ洫еλһʶӵӣ죡
һλϫʦ֣˲ð
ҿԳϫʦʣ꣬ȻܳɳΪһ뢣˸徴磡
лᣬһҪǰ壬ȥݷóϫʦһ
һ죬Ż£Զͬһ֣Ǿǳϫϵ飬˴Ļ⡣
һЩڡųڴҵʱóϫΪȥ̵͹µĵŬУٲȻΪֿȵķ
ֻж壬һƬճơ
ӷءһ洫ӣԶĬԣû˭ϫ֣ȴһ̰㣬ǵУǸеܡ
ֵģɡ
ʦֻĪյˣԶЦ˻ϴǰ֣Ц̣оô⡢ġҲüһ졣
ΪԼгϫСʦܸеױȵԺ

󷽣һ뵣ֺޱȵؾУżȫɢΰӰ
⼸ΰӰУһȻƽ»ͥȻǾŻɵĸ߲㡣
ʮŲ۷弶УҾŻѲָٹ⡣ѽЩ񻪷ʦС
»ͥ˵룬¡¡صƬؾУʱ˼һŴڸЩӵӣ㣬꣬ҾŻɾͽһĺ
ҾŻɸ˿ɴһϸʵҪ鹦ڳϫСһ̨֮ϣԵɺ֮ǰҾŻʮŲ۷弶Ʒѧֻ»֮߸޷
һ棬ߴ֮˵ϻ׳壬һλΪֲĴǿߡ
ϫȷֲףд֮˫ѵõ츳ҲףʵԶͬˣȽܳſص࣬ɾ̫ˡ
̸ϫ»ͥɫɸһĨЦݣ˵ʦȥɽ磬֪ϫ˱֣ҲԸеοˡ
ƽʦ֣ҿ˵ʦϫΪѣʲôıõĳⲻǰѳϫһֳʲô¾ʰˡ
һ࣬һۡԼ˵Ǳ֮誣񾲣ޥʣʵҲǼΪɲ
޷»ͥĬΣ˵ʦٹ֣վҾŻ֮ˣӦòѳϫƵġ
ಣ
䣬ͻȻ֮䣬һԶΪһö
˿ͳˣǿһ˭˳Ϊӵӵ
»ָͥһ㣬öͻΪһ޴ĹĻϼ磬˸ս棬һЩ˵
ף²ϫСһͽڤˣڤѻһǿҲɳ̨ˡ
ԹԣȻҪһսвӣ
֣ʦֶδЩˣϫӭսǱƵòòʦҲȥһܡ
ҾŲɱСһȻһ֮£ʮӡ˻ôܣ۳֣ȻҲˣ
Ӱ֡ҾŲɱὣڤơɶ۷弶СôھͲգ
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ĻУϫصѪԼһƬǴʱڳдﶼһбһâɲ
˰١Ĺʱڣڤյֵ֮ƽ»ͥŻ˵ɲһ˿ɡ
ȷڤĴ壬ڤУҲߵĴڣϻ׳һһ˵УһƬ֮ɫ
ѵСһڤ۵Ĵˣɵ
˻һֳʱһƬţĳĴɫЩò
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ϾڷϿϫʩչִʵ̫ˣ˭ܱ֤ûб֮ˣ
λĪҪǣ缴ңλ߶Թ˲ϾὫעƫ֮أ
»ͥҲ֪Щȷ޷⣬ͬԼĴ㣬ϫϼڤ֮صߵ⣬Ǹǻ˭ҲϣֻҪ£ӣ
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ϣ˰ɡ׳»ͥɫᶨ̾˿ٲ˵
ƽʦ֣׳ʦҲΪãϾʦԵƽ֮λҲǻԹá
誻˵Щǲ£˲ϣеӸǱ鲼šš洫ӵӵУ˺֮ͥƣò
һҶ֪»ͥ̾˿˵ֻٸһ;֪Ļˡ
ԣԶ˳Ĭ

ǰ񻪷·ϣϫ֪ŻɵĹһصĳɽ̻ᣬççΡ룬
УһĹ޾޿ռƮϼ޽ڤ֮ϵɹһɼ
ʯһһţȥٻָȵ񻪷ֻ֮»ҪЩˣҪǰ׼ˡ
·ϣͻȻ˵ʱһӣʹӶ˳ϫС
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һʻ㣬ϫһһֻи뵰Сˮ͸ϼʯͷҲӿһĨ֮ɫ
ʯǴ˵ֻɽ磬ԴеĹ屦


615 ƴ
ĳϫԣʯ㲻ʲôҺ衢ϵ鵤ҩеĻ
ʯȴڣ̫ϡЩСиͼ徴УҲǼ֮
ϫҲֻŹĿһ档
ȱҲֻɽевų徴磬ҲֻʮɽйͨĳܹһһЩʯ
ھŻУֻеȼ𣬲ʸȡʯԴǵԼҲϧײ˷ѡ
ɴ˾֪ʯж౦ˡ
ǰʯֻи뵰СӨ͸ϼ滹ӡһ˿˿Ӳӵ֮Ʒ༫Ϊ
Ȼֻи뵰СУȴ֮
ϫżȡһ˿ʯʱ͸оһһɰƵ̵֮ĺˮ㣬Ȼӿڣɢ֫ٺˢѨϾ뵤춴硣
ֻһӣԭԪݽߵĻ磬ͻȻ֮дһɺƵԪɽӽ塣
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ָԪٶȼ죬絽˼£ͲֱӾͻԪԶսһʯȫͲõԪĵ⡣
ֻ֮䣬ϫͽԪָ۷״̬еʯϼ뵣Ʋʲôİ㡣
ʯ
ÿ춼ʯ磬ܽԪƷʶһӶӳ
ȷǲɶõĹ屦еҴҲǴ档
һ࣬ޱ桢㡢˸һʯҲǾ̾ȻСսԼĴ﷨
ʯһֻҲԽ䳹ˡϫ¶֮ɫݸ˵
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һԴ˵θӨ׾£ãľȣһŮĽͿɰ
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Ҳţӵ֮ľ洫ӻпᣬʵǲֻᱻѹͳŪҪУܡ
󻺻˵ϻʦ֣ڰǰѳΪӵӣɾΪˣ뿪񻪷壬ȥˡ
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֮ΪˣȻᵽ񻪷壬СĽ䱸ЩΪãһЩ˵ƣʵ磬;ˣҵϣҲ̫ˡһ
ʵǿأ߳ĬԵͻȻ̧ͷʵ
ǾֵԽǿӲԺӵеĵλԽι̣ѰҲС㡣ɨһ㣬˵

һУѾԽ֮ңԶ
һ·ϣϫܹоΧԽԽŨһشصƮɢ
֮УֻһڣĿƮƮȻ̩ͨ˵
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ԶԶѾܹңԶϣȻһ޴ޱȵɽƯ
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ৣ
һɳۣϫפ㣬ǰһƬƬ츣ءһƬƬӺƴĽ۴αȣƶϣǧ
񻪷壬Żĺصأ
ŻУֹųϺ洫ɽķһЩϣһЩּߵϹŶ񻪷ϡ
ӵĺƴɽ壬Ե͸أ徴磬ҲֻʮȳܹӵС
ɽϣϼ£ҩ㣬һЩѲɺסԳԡȵǿĴڡ
ЩޣɶѰɫɱȣΪСģΪǿڤ磬ٳԼĻ춴硣
ܿ죬ϵĴ£˺ܿͽ񻪷ײ㣬һ޽ƺ֮еľ޴󹬵ǰ
ӺƴɢһɹƾõϢƴبǰһֱԲɣ֮ׯϸС
½ӵӱĵطƴ
ϫǸոյִͿһЩɢɢĵӣڴ֮ڽȻȫڤʿ
ȻЩ񻪷ӵӣÿһϢʮǿΪСģڶ֮£ȷǷһ콾˲Ŀ
ʵҲȷˣܹΪŻȳӵӣʺ츳ȻǳͣطΪԵһˣ
ףȻˣ
ˣǷԵӣµӵѾѡζ˰
˼Ҳ֪½ˣʵˣ
ӿųϫ˵ִʱĿζеЦеľͺ񿴼һ㡣
Ϊӵӣ֮ӣɳҲٸԤǵΪҪӶҪ࣬Ѱɳ϶С
ϫͶֵζĿ⣬֮̾ǰΪʲôϻˣԭ˵ȷܵ۸ġ
ڳЩӵĿ񣬻벻⣬ɴ˾ͿЩӵӵλ֮ߣ֮ˡ
Ҫ棬֮ҲͿ֪ˡ
ޱʦáʦãǾȻΪӵˣǿϲɺذʱһϷŮȻ˹ޱͰ棬˷˵
½ʦ㣡澪ϲеϳϷŮǴӱ߳һʦ㣬½
½֮󣬺ϴк֮󣬾ʹŰޱͰ뿪ˣȻշޱͰٲòκˡ
ʦܣʦܣܿ죬ҲϳԴˡ
ʵҲǣЩӵӣ󶼽ԳĴ洫ɽ壬ڣԼ½ͬ飬Ȼշмӣٳʲôˡ
ûãֻʣ³ϫһ˸ˡ
ӲҲܹӵӵУҲƵޱȡȻʱҲûĸӵӣǰͳϫкˡ
һĻЩѲƴǰӵӣϫĿнԶ¶Ϸ֮ɫָָ㣬ͷ㣬޼ɵ֮


616 ֪
񻪷壬ƴǰ
һڵӶԼָָ㣬ĿϷʣϫͻȻоԼ뵽ҰݺҰ֡
һйԼʵΪĻϣΪµģֻܹ踺أΪߵģͿԵõԴվøߣΪеλ
򵥵˵˭ȭͷ˭ͷ֮أ
߰ɣҺߣû˭鷳Ҳע⵽һĻȴǺ⣬ֻ
뿪ˣǷͻ鷳ϫͻȻʵ
⡭һȴĬˡ
ҳϣȥɣԼϾҲһӵӣٸ־Ҳǳ顣ϫ΢Цȭ
֪޷㣬ֻᱻƳ񻪷壬ǵģֻšеγϣһӾˣϫܾԼĺ⣬üѵ
ҳϷģҳϫ뿪ҲóЩ汾²СϫЦ
ǺãҲǿ㡣ΣͻȻȻЦôˣѰ½ӵӿɲͬ
ϣ˳ϫһۣת뿪

Ӵ˾Ȼܾϵĺ⣬òƺŰ
ߣԼΪԼܹΪӵӣҲǸ˵õǿЦʲôطŻĺصأֻϹŶӵӲܾס͸أ
СһӦòǶϻĵӣӦû˳ӦŶԣ㣬ѵģ
壿ǿǸַѻذ֪֪Ҫ˻Ϊ񻪷ʲôء
ԣҪԵͷŻʵݺʰһԺʲô͸ʲôǰԴĵһǵʹòˡ
ٺ٣ǾʶʶλＯӪ߳ˣʵмＸɣ
ڳϫҪ̤ƴʱһĸߴ࣬򢱪ĿӰһ˳ϫǰ׽ǰ·
Ϊŵǣ굲סϫ֮·һͦƲȻҪͳϫײһһҪϫӲײɳȥ⺷ģ
䣡
һײ֮䣬ٿȻӿһɿɲƣɽưԵۻ룬Χն˰ѡ
һԡѹΪֶεһǻѰһײ˲һֱɽѹСУ³Ȼޱȡ
ҲԿҲ꣬Ҳһλڤʿ˵֮

ϫб⣬һ־һ⣬ݺݳ˹ȥһǶ⣬ڤƵİƽ棬ȴ̺Ͼӣɽѵأۻ֮
飡
ٵһЦһʹܹһȻһƽϫɨɳȥ룬Ӧϫһƾ˲ư㣬˲ϢҪֱӾͱϣ˱÷˳ȥ

ҽţߵķƵģͨһɿ⣬һһſڵϴѪֹնȥ쳣ɲ
ϵʹʲôؼĵĳҪˣ
Ҫվȴ͵ظоһֻźݺݲԼϣʮɽѹ㣬ѹһžĶһ£۵ҺûˣѪĭһ㡣
ʲôʦ־Ȼˣ
ʦֳĹеġһ塯ѵײɾ磬һײ֮䣬ɽҪײ÷飬ôܱһƳɳԶ
˰һƳʦֻ㣬һŽʦֲڵ޷ѹָҹһǰƴԭҲʵϵġ
ǺǣȤˣһ˶׺ţ϶ᾪ񻪷ϵһЩ콾ˡ
һж̫죬ʯ֮䣬ѱѹӵӶһɴ۾۷׷
ٸ·ۣһӸˣϫƳһ۵ϵ꣬ŻתĿɨܣԭ׼ѹӵӷ׷׶ܿĿ⣬ٲǰơ
Ȼ˵ӵУֻбֵøԵǿƣܰȻˣҪȻֻᱻ۸ѹΪ۰Ĵڡ
£ϫ̵ʶӵ֮ľжôļңûǿʵڴ档
㾹ңҳҲ͵Ϯңֱ
ϫתߣǵϵʦһԾѪⱩӿ죬ֳſӱ󳯳ϫɱ
ȻҪƴˣ
¡
ʦһȫԸһץѪƷڶѪиʬɽѪ׹ǶѻѪȾصȵȿɲ
Ѫ֣
ǳһ츳ʦ־ȻҪƴˣǰõһУհһаڤʿֱ˺ˣɲ֮
һЩӼĻ׷׺ˣ±ˡ
ССҲңҹ£
ʦַɳЮһѪ⣬սսսʿ̤ʬɽѪѪȾɽӣͱ嵽˼¡
֪
ϫŤ˫ָҲֻ֣һ̤ʩչҾŲɱɱӿȻɢȥ
¡
еѪơѪֱӱɢʬɽѪ׹ɭɭһ±ݿ߽֮С
ɳֱӱһɱҵɱ¾֮и˺ۣѪȪҽһֱӴӰе棬Ϣ٣ˣΣҪȫָҪһصʱ䡣
֪ô֮ͬ飬ĨɱϫҲϵʦһֱۣ߽ƴ
ǡʲôһɱⱼӿȻֱƵʦֵ츳ͨ
ײаԵ𣿡
벻ʵ벻ߣϽ֪ͨȥ֪ͨʦֵܣ񻪷ȻôһλˣشҶܸȤ
һĻЩӵҲסˣɢȥΨֳϫҲʰˣϾ̫ײˣǿɲúʦ³
ϫҲЩֱƴĿһɨܿڴһ
һЩƵĳϣ֮ͬǰһĻĻϫ˶棬СһҲǸݽɫ
ղţ˭ִʦܵģ
ʱͻȻһƮ죬һʹ֮ʥͲһ㡣
ţһٿȻƮ⣬׷ɣ߳һµ꣬һڵͷںڣƮԺüһɱ˵Ϣ
Ϊ˾ǣǰ׽֮ɫת֮䣬ƽӲӵʥ⣬絶ƽиգ˲ұӡ
Ұʦ֣
˳֣ƴڵһЩӵӽԶһ¶һĨԷθľη֮ɫ
Ȼ˾ӵеĴܲˡ


617 ׵۽ͫ
ˮɫĵۣںڶŨܵͷüԴ֮ɫȫûʲôװΣǳ࣬һѹӡ
һӣȴӿ׽ʢ⣬Ȼԣ絶ƽͶһɷ·ƳһаħϰиķС
̫ɲ׳ʣ˲ұӡ
ҰһλӵеһͫΪ׵۽ͫƿշϵĵӷ罣ӵеġӰаͫҪʤһ
ţӵС׵۽֮ͫˣܹصĽ֮иնϣٶҲһʿʮٱ
ϫĿģȴҰϱһڵߣָͨɫܲ·ģɢһɹӻϢ
ϻУԨδʣӽɢһ˿ϢȴϫܸоһȻڰ֮£
ô޼ɵرһ֣ɻǷ˵죬ֻ˵ҰԼʵţҲһԸ֮ǿ
ȻҰʦ֣ǰִô
ħޱߣħ֮һħڵ֮̾أ׼ħͷݺһءҰʦȡɱʮ˴Ÿչȥһ£Ȼѻصɣѵ𣿡
ʮ˴һӯʮǰǾŻλӵӣһֱ׷ɱûгɹҰʦһǰתսʮȻȻȻˡ
һЩӵӽƴУҰִ˵أԶ𾪲ѣ
ƴ񻪷ϣרְϽӵӵһ½ӵӰ֮غճͬʱҲɷӵȡ
һЩ񻪷ϵı˵ϹҲѡƴΪ̳Ϊڵӽ󣬴
Ұ˿ͻˣǻɱʮ˴
ƴĳϼҰ֣Ҳһ˳Ŀһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
Ժ˵ֻ֪ղţ˭ʦܣҰΪϵ˵ͷ̬һ˿ư
Щȴ붼⣬ҰӵӣλݽԶΪ磬һЩϹʶǼ㶼ǳϣҲû˭Ұˡ
ৣ
һ̣еһЩĿ⣬˳ϫϣɫԴŹϷ֮ɫ
֮дĿ֮ǰϫ塰ʦ֡һĻĻҰʱҪ桰ʦ֡ͷʦȻֵÿһϷ
㣿Ұ⿪أְ׽˸˳ϫ

ѣϫʱ͸оһɭȻֶ֮Լͺ񱻳ǧָţµƤһֱиĸо
ֻһĿѣƣ
ӵС׵۽֮ͫ˵ôȻ۵˶Ҫǿ࡭
ϫڻ춴һתһȻӿȫʱͽȫһɱиƵĸоɫ糣
ҰıУҲףӵӵԲԼ֮ǰ洫ӿɱȣһһǿһһ£ԼҪڴ㣬ýһЩˡ
ţϫȻɻԼƣҰ΢΢һȻ˵Ǹսˣʲô֣
ϫϫݲȡ
ȣıֵȷܲҰ˵˵ʱܱ򶨣ǰ㣬ûҶӡ
Ȼƽ˹ĿǣȻ̬Լǲ¶ĸ߸ϵ̬ȴԸֵ쾡¡
ҶӵӣƽƽֻǺӶѣʲôֵôСֵģϫԣҲһЩӵӹȻһһ񣬶ŵˡ
ߣһ£̫ˣĳɳɲ
ҰһУէ֣ͫбӿƳҰ׽ʥ⣬˵ƶȻθ紣֮һ޽â¶ɺ
¡
ΧܵһƵıȣȻһĺǧӲ˰㡣
֮䣬ϫ͸оԼһƬڰǷɭȻĵ⽣꣬ҪԼɱһ㣬ǿҵѹָС
ҳϫ񲻽񣬿ɲ˵㣡
ϫԣŲǰһ̤һɱ纮ӿֱӽɭƴݻ١顢ĥһա
Ұġ׵۽ͫͷųѹȻǳϫյġɱ¾⡱Ķ֣
Ҫ֪ɱ¾ǱԴɱǰϫûƣ鰵ذ㣬չ¶â
ͬˣԡͳԦ壬ɱ¾ΪVַţһƲһ֮䣬ɱ¾߱ɱⷢӵ쾡¡
ԴɱҰͷŵѹֱǲѴ֮
Ȼֻ֮ĶܴҰʵͲϫˡ
ã
Ұˣ³һ֣ǳޣȴɱɭɭӿ˲ףֻѶŭ
ϫս񻪷壬Ż֪ҰֶΣԲŸҶ˲Ұͫа׽ʥⷭݣ裬ɭȻƥ絶Ӱ㺮̹ǣֱģΧƱñ
˾һߣһһɣһֻӵӣֲʦųΪҪ㣿ϫȻ˵
ùǣھ֪ΪҪңҰƴЦȴǽڣͫ׳ʣƺҪ̾Ͷ֡
ˣҰϫǶ˸һƴڣǽֹġ
ԣҰ׼֣ѳϫݺʰһðʱԱߵһλͻȻ˵
λϣһϮۣ׷ͯգɷǣһɻɬ֮ϢԨ纣ɲ⣬ȻҲһ漶Ĵ
ֹƴЩ׼һϷĵӽԶ¶ʧ֮ɫǵҲ֪ƴڣȷǽƵӴ󶯸ɸġ
ȻƴؾͻϣʱֻҪ˵Щϣ񻪷ϵϹǣҲȥܡ
ߣɨˣҰһһףһѪܵͷ棬ϸһȻʮ˸֮ࡣ
ʮ˴ͷ
죬Ұʦˣһˣɱʮ˸ӯڤħͷ
һգֻ»䶯ŻɣҰʦֵҲע죬£
صͷ­ģڳһڵӶʱȻԶ𾪲ѣȻû뵽ҰȻΣ֮
ʮ˴ͷˣͳͣλ͵ҵĶоˡ
ܵĻȻҰ߲¶һĨ֮ɫĿڳϫϣһЦָŵʮ˿ͷ˵ƣǾǶҰ³ϫոս񻪷壬Ϊʦ֣ԲΪһˣԺҪСĵ㣡


618 
ϣҰмƳһ۳ϫת뿪
˹ˣСôһе˺ãѵСҲ˴Ĳɡ
ȻҰṳ̂ƴʱһͻȻӴһ̰峺ƫƫȴ͸һζ˯߽֮㡣
һɫۣ㷢ңɢ˼ƵŮˣ˯˽
Ůˣһͷ㷢ںڶ˳ƫƫ絾ݣҲ󣬺޳μ䲻·ҲɵģһΣһޱ߷ģֱеһƴ
ӲͬǣŮ˻Ȼңȴ֮¶ļǰӨ˸һּǿҵӾС
ٻأʲô
Ů˯۳ƴſڣҰһ٣֮ͫеİ׽ʥϨ࣬ƺŮһ˿ɵ
еӼŮӣһɵùԲȻѣǲţŮӾȻ
ǡ
ԣ
ɣжṳ̂ƴˣ
꣡С㣡
һЩӵ̲ס˽ǸС΢ģèһֶᡣ
ϫĿ⣬ҲͬŮϣĽǶȿȥֻŮˣݣؾǣͶ֮䶼һ޷ݵζȻȻһȤɵϢ
˳ԾǣȻŮǺεΪ
˵ȥնɱʮ˴Ϊʲô̶ȣ𣿡
ŮؿбҰһۣںտȻǳ㣬峺ģȴö֮
˵ʱĿһɨܣ˳ϫϣ˻֣ιǸİɣ
ǡϫŵͷ
˵ʦţ֣ۡҲҰУŮ´ųϫ
ʲôҶλʦܾǰеģԣһҰҲ̲סŤͷƳһ۳ϫ˸ѡ
ҶѡϫƽڣԾɲ²͸صŮ˾˭ȷǣƺԼ޶⡣
ʲôңӮ˾Ӯˣ񶫻ЩӣҲʰʰǣ̫ŵĻҲ졣
ŮӲΪȻ̬ȴǺһӵӽǳ壬ԶЦѣȴûʲôΪ
ȻǶŮӵƢʵҲҵˡ
ٻأ⻰ʲô˼
Ұȴüͷһ壬õӵһУҶռʮˣʵ޷ϣ
˶ʲôãǲҪսһٻءŮһͷؿбҰ˵
ߣģһ죬֮϶ֳʤģȴڡҰһߣתȥ
ֲսˣôڣһءٻشһм˵
ԣƴҰӰһͣӿ첽˲ϢʧģԶٻصŮҲͷ۲ѡ
񻪷ϹȻǲԻһҰ˵ãȴһͻȻŮѹһͷ˴۽簡
ϫапѣŸյִƴãʵһһĴڣɲ˲пˡ
ƺҰìܣʱٻͻȻʵ
һˣĻȥˡϫʼ磬˵
㻹СĵɣΪŻɵӵӣνǰ;ûҪ֮ȻӵӵУĴڡٻ㷢ѵ
ҲҰĶ֣ϫЦ
ôٻطʵ
ҰΣϫͬҲܶ
ߣͻСӣһϳ԰ٻذ˳ϫһۣ˵ôҰʵڲ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭ƴĻȴҪԲһ֪Ϊʲô
˵ţһص˳ϫһۡ
Ϊʲôϫ̲סʵ
㡣˵꣬ٻ̲סǺЦգ͸һ˿֮ɫ
ϫһŷ֣ǰŮˣݣʵȻЦٻ⣬ӣ󣬼ѩں㷢ƽһʡ
ոճΪӵӣֵҰױŸܲĶУҲᱻ˿ۣ㱨ɡ
ٻż⣬ĳϫļһǻСܵܵģĽż⣬ȴԵۿɰࡣ
ϫӣе㲻ŮΪλƴԼѵҪ£ԼĿģ
ģҲ£㣬ΪҿɲΪ㣬ͶһȺΪУ⣬Ҳûգһ飬ԭͬ򵥣СҲֻаɵСӲŻῴء
ֱ˵룬ϫҲβѣͻȻʶһ£Ȼǰҵģ
ãҰģ𣿺ˣҺߣϻôǸˣ˵İӦñֵø˳һЩ𣿡
ٻһ˳ϫһۣתƴȥ
ڵһڵӶĿɿڴϫ˵ȷ˲ðպӵС׵۽ͫҰţţ޲ô֣Ȼһ̣ȴָٻôһλǿŮʿϹϵˣЦ̣òƹϵΪܡ
ţʦֺ֣ҰʦֶţֱǿƵ˼£Ҫ֪½ˣĸڴͱʰ÷ģ
꣬С㣬ӵС֮ٻأҲһܵҫӵУʵȫһУȰ֧֣ݺ͵λޱȣܹϹϵҲ֮
˼ٻųϫȥס˽棬û뵽˸յִ񻪷ĵһ죬ֳĶ
ϫƽΪ㰲еĶ츣أѹǡʺ衣
ƴĳϼٻغͳϫӭȥ
òãλƫԶ񻪷ප츣Ҳ̸ֻͨ϶ɫ
ٻüǡڵĵطһɣҼǵɿŲٶء
һ˿ٻأΪѵǱߵȷճٶѱָռˡ
ţ˰ռˣٻü⣬õ˭ôԵϵĶҲҰռ
ػָϿճΪ½ΪӵӵĶ֮ҲػָҪ飬Ҳû취ȥֹ
һ̾ô˵ȻԼϣȴ޿ʵϾػ̫ʢܵ౲ּߵϹĳ磬ЩΪϵģҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡ


619 
ػ
֣ٻ΢΢һõǸӵһҴػʮǰŽ񻪷޳ڤ磬ھ͸ţһ仰Ͱռϵ˭ôӣ
ϫţŵĶȻǸۡʱʱףػӵӣֻºӵС׵۽ͫҰһԶڶ塣
뵽⣬üͷһ壬ػ֪˽ԲҰԼУֻͬҲҰһԼ˿ɣ
鷳ߵƺѲ˶ľ
ǧĪҪСػӵдˣλǰ谮ټϴ׺ƥʮ˲ѾΪӵеһ
ȷӸԵ񣬸ǳٶȱѰ˿ʮֹϴκΪһ֣Ȼս˸ƽɫ
ٻЩãλƴĳæ˵
ţȻҺ񱱶֣ƽɫ
ٻһлһĨȻҧҧӣҡͷЦ벻ҲŶʮûأ񻰷ϻ˲ű
ӵʵ⺷ָԵϹŶĳ谮̶ʮͳΪӵеһɫػҲƵһ촹ľˡ
ϫ˼ҲǰԾﲻѣо񻪷ϣֱŵӵļӪ˷׿Իһһ츳ˡ
ʲôˣϫ̲סʵ
Ҳһ꺱ţҰ֮¡񻪷ϵһλǰĺʱӻĹеһصĵӣӵ츳֮ͫ׵۽ͫй֮޲
ٻӣ˵ʵҴ൱ػȻܹƽɫʵҲСˡ
ϫһȻĵֲ񻪷ǾŻɵĺصأֻһڴǱ޵ϹŶһ츳ӵӣͶˡ
ǾŻɵڣҲֻȳܽ˶ɫԼ¡
ϫĶҿ簲ԪΣ£ͬҲһһıءһλϼٻɫԽԽƣһҧ
Ԫ
ԣٻصɫ࣬ҲãλȻƫԶһЩȷ޼

񻪷壬ϽӾ죬һ޽ڲµɽ磬ʢϼһ֮ٲ㣬Ҷ£ӳĵɾ
ɽ£ܲؾռ䣬ֻһɽ壬е֮ȴһƴĹȣ޾ޱȣѰУֻ»˲ʧˡ
ЩϹŶ񻪷϶ٵĿռǱޣЩӵǱ޵Ķ츣أֲ񻪷ϵһϡ
Ԫ񻪷ϵһƷʼΪϳ˵ܹǱ޵ӵӣ붼ϲУݺ͵λԺޱȡ
ಣಣ
Ӱƿգ˲ϢԪǰ
ǾԪˡ
ٻָԶһϼԣ֮뵵ɽ壬˵ͬԪϣ羫˿˿ƵǾѵ޵֮أڴһգԵֵ֮
ϫĿȥȻƬɽϿյģӸ£ɽʯɢһֺƵ뵣ϼƮ죬һһ˵
ϫ֪ڤʿֻмȡƷѵܽڻ춴øӺͼ̣Ҳп֮ܲ
Ͼ춴Գһ磬ҪԪӴ󣬾ʮٱֹѰ޷ڤʿ
ɽ֮УһȻĶ츣أտյǱڴˣҲûκεװΣȻͱɾˡ
ϫֳƣ߽ԼĶ츣֮󣬶ʱ͸оһɹɾƵ˷۶ֻһڣһƮƮȻҪɵĸоڻ춴תûһ˿
϶ܹѻ춴øΪ̡
ڽʿʿԣ𵤺֣еĹؼڤʿԣڻ춴ļ̺ͬΪĸߵ͡
춴ƷʺСֺյĵ⾳硢Ԫˮ׼ҲвɷָĹϵ
֮ڤʿ׷ĵ˻춴ϣҪӳǿʵΪ˽׵ɾ磬벻춴
˴ܹҪлİձк񱨡ԼǱ޶ϫΪ⣬ֳ̧ٻл
֪ЩƴĳϿٻصϣԼǰˣܻ˾һˡ
񱨣ˣرҰǸСӰɡ
ٻЦЦɫһ˵֪ǾŻɵӵӣܼһλ٣ȴɵм
Щڶ࣬ԶƷޣʵ˴֮ľҲǼ֮ΪףҪڴ㣬ƾȫС
˵⣬ٻֱųϫЦżҰ㣬ҲǿǱһѣܱȶһҪǿ
֮Ǻԣ֮ôʵΪϫ
ʦѣҳϫͽˡϫЦ
ףٻ˵Ĳ٣κξչҵʱϣ֮ǰġʦ֡ǺҰһģԳڶ塣
ʵҪ񻪷ϵĵ֮ĹϵҲף֣ͿԻΪϻĴɽ
УԶΪǿΪ
ĴһӵӵĹϵȴǴ۸ӣЩӵӲǳ洫ĴɽУǱ񻪷ϵһЩϹŶԴأֱӾͳΪӵӣڻĹӦһ񱱣һλڡ
һֵӣԼĪжʮˣռӵе֮һĿ츳һһȫһˮ׼С
ǺãϫԼĶУʲô飬ҡ
ٻسϫ˵ͷָһһƬ˳ϫУƵķպãպң㣬ֻ賯Ԫͻֳ
˵֮䣬һٻʧӰ١
ŮˣӦúͰޱĹϵΪУѵǳڱһλʦ㣿ڣȷʡԼ鷳ݶˡ
ϫȴͬٻһת뿪˶巽ɳ۶ȥ
ͬǰ񻪷ʱյʦֻĪյĴ˵ɽѱʦܣҲ֮ķż¼͵ȥͿԽ⣬ȥһ֮ͨ


620 
塣
ϴǰʦֻĪСһУĿһɨΧʦֵܣ˵λʦܣϽЯԵƷҪһʲôﶼữһѷ
ॣॵ
ԣʦ¬æ˻бŵǧ꽹βľͩ٣ʦȳæҵؽҺľĥĺڰһװ˴
һ࣬ʦֶ׭ֹĵʯʦ㰢л滭õĳྲྀīԼʦаŵһƴСĿܣҲͳͳС
ϫˣҲһϣֲʲô̺ԵƷ˵ʦ֣ˣԼˡ
ʦֻĪյ˵ͷ뿪ԶһЩһ˫ֳдһµķ
꣡
пһɲǣһ糱ˮĲٿȻɢܣɲ롢䡢ء̻һϢֻԶԶһ͸оԪѪ壬Ҫҡ
ˣ
һɿɲĲһƻҝ⻪ٿȻƮڰУն𵴳һȦȦĲɢܣԼؼƯԪȫһɲݻ١Ρ
һƻҝĹ⻪һС磬һߣϸߣɸһ֣ȴ֮⣬һǬɱеĿɲƣ
ôݴҼϾϢɽ֮У޳̫ŵ֮ͨ
һƻҝĹ⻪ϸһĨ޷Ƶļ֮ɫ૵ϧɽںǰʧ徴УҲѰٵõһͨһҲһܹɹ
˵ѴһĨ˸С
ԣҲ겻ѣؼκαϡҲԵֵסµıǨս괵ȥ
ʿʵγˣ
ԼԪĥ𣬲ĻһgĺȾ˪ɰͷԣʵɾͳͬ٣ͳؼʿı׷
źǣ޾ܹ֤ߣҲֻôһС˶ѣëǡ
СʦܣǴɽмȡһ⣬ֻôһƣȴ޼֮֮ͨǴ´ࡣ֮󣬴ʦֻĪ£˼ָǰƯ⣬˵
лʦϫȭ˵ǸмϾдʦֻĪ֮ҲɸΪ֮޿κΡ
Ŷˣ֮ͨţСʦ¡
һԣһĶͷæһö򣬽ϫЦ˵ⲿͨһѧԴ̫ʱȴܹɹҲãСʦӵ֮⣬ǡҲֵ
ϣûκεĲᣬڽһ̫ŵѧͳһ
ϫ֪ݡֵ֮أҲʦ˶ԴԼѽԼֵˣݸ飬гů͸ж
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ȷôˣҪ֪ɽ֮ߣ̺֮⣬ҲϡٵĿܹƳô࣬ʵѵˡʦͷ˵
ܷһ֮һΪϫʵ
òҪָʦһɣʦֲ
ʦҲѣΪǶ֪ȱֻһƣɼֵԿһ֮󣬲˺գ˲ϢҶԵʱһɨκзñˢԣһŷۼ˿ڻĹʱǰʮ⣡
ʱϫȻҪָʦһ룬Ҳɲǲ
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ʦԣҲ̾ϢѣǺĸ֪ȻһкĴѪʣóսִеĵλߣ˶һ
ʦһĺʱ·һ彫ս˾Żɣֻ»һ屻˵ʹء
Сʦܣлˣ֮ϸһĨᶨ֮ɫ˵
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һ֮ύУҲֻЩʦʦһһĸоϧݸ顣
ܹΪһЩ飬ҲǸ˲ѡ

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մϫϥأ֮ͨǰϸϸƷ
֮һѧ̫ţⲿͨ΢Ϊ֮Ӷ۳һִͨ
ɹʱܹ˲Ϣָ̽Ԩٶ֮죬ȫ˲ûʲôˡ
ҺѰĶݷ֮ͬⲿͨŹԣ˫һܹˢκзԣС
Ĺʱڣƾһǿͨ£겻֪ˢ˶ߵķ졣
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Ҫ֪֮󣬺ǧ硢С硢ӵصĿռ䡢ؾ飬ֱ֮ͨ࣬Ǻ̺Ǻӡ
ܹ֮ͨǰʮ֤Ŀɲˡ
Ҫⲿͨɹȴô׵飬ҪһһĹ屦֮⣬Ҫǿ
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֪ߵִ֮ÿһܿǧ΢ϣҲſһǧ΢ϡ
֮ĵһؾȻҪһǧ΢ΪǺε֮ѣ仰˵֮µߣõ֮ţҲ޷
⣬ֻ֮Ҫѡ
ȻЩ֮ϫԶѻﵽӵ֮⣬Ϊֿһǧ΢ϣֻ֮һصĻǲڻ¡
ϫڴˣܺ棬ܹѡ֮͡ǿ֮ͨڻܷͨӳǱܣ
ٶȷ
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ԭܼ򵥣һǴ˵ذȫݱŵʱ䷨粻ͬڴʮֻ꣬ȥһѡ
ǳУڶ츣ضԣȴҲһ޷ӵı׶ˣǾǳУ츣ӵŰ紿֮
ԣϫڳֿ֮󣬻Ǿڲͨʱ򣬾ǳоޣϾֻǲ򹦷Ҫ
ֻڹ̾硢ΪʱŻѡǱԼĶ츣УˣͿԳ⡰ԪƣΪԼṩ

ϥǿ֮䣬ϫһӿ˲ԡһֿڤƾľС
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ϫΪ䲻ﵽǵȽƴ˵ĸ߶ȣȴĸ߶ȣ׼Ʒ΢Ҳѿٳһǧ
ҪЩ΢ϣ֮ͨ

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ΪҪǣһ˫ϣзĪķлڵУƲİ壡
ϫһ̾һֱڹۿ˫ͼ࣬ϲĽ㣬Ծǣ˫лķģȻƣ
һǷһţԻ̫ˣǶ֣ﹹ
֮ͨһһѧݴ̫𽣬вͨ
˫лķģıƣԣ
飡
ϫӸóһ׼Ʒ̺ԣҪһ֮Ȼڷһ֣˲ͱһɲݺһˢֱըһԷ̺ͭоǱɱһա
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ǳϫѶ֮ɼͻһĻʱԾɽסһԾ̫ԵˣɱУѹǬĲʵ̫ɲ
Ҳֲá֮ԺͻĹʱǰʮɫܹ֮ƵǾ춯ˡ
Ͼ䷨Ʒӣ붼оƶɣƫƫ֮Ϳоã߶ݲѡ
ϫԭýһ¡֮ջסˣû취ΪףѲڰһܵˣǿɾ̫ˡ
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һ̣ѴǳصԼĶУ֮ս䱳΢Уʱһ˿ۼ
֮ɹҪǳ֮໥ںϣֻ»Ѱ쵽ϾҲŽ֮һؾأðȻںϣֻ»ٱ׶ˡ
ϥԼĶУϫ½֮ǿ֮ķȫһ飬ԼĿǰʵȷ޷ͨںΪһˡ
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ڳϫڹ֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬츣͵һ¾ҡƺ߹һ㡣
񻪷ǾŻɵĺصأӵԪһһĸأǰĪǡ
ϫ͵˫֮䣬֮ĵâৣһ̣ʧԭأڶ֮⡣
һɨȥͿԪУƯӵӣȻڤΪÿһӵӣϢʮǿ󣬸۸ڶֺԼӶзӶ
Ǽǰ½ӵӣΪ֮ˣɫۣͷڣͣһԳŵĮ֮ɫӣɨųϫ
Ȼ֮ǰϫܵĹȺΪ


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һһӵӱȵΪһˣûʸԪռݶ츣أȻ֪ʣô
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ϫͬҲЦˣЦѰζղŹôʣֻΪȷһԼƲ⣬Щ˵Ļشʱд󶨣׽ԼֳôĶ벻ʲô֮ˡ
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һȭֱӻɱϫȭ糱ֳҵϢѪХɷӿˡ
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ⱻʦ֡ɫ۵꣬ƺҲ֪ˣϫƴ֮ǰչֳһЩʵǸһ־ʩչսһһ˿ķᡣ

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ϫһֱӴһİʦֳڵأи߳ϫΪȣҲֻܹ޾ļ尾

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һ̣һ貵ɫâ˺գٶ֮죬Ѳ˲ƣЮһɶɱһеıơ
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һһ춯صľ죬һɫâ֮ɽʯѣն˺ѳһĿĵѷ졣
һֱ֮ܶɱ£ǬҲ˵йһµİ

𶯣ػ㣬󹭣ٴαһҫĿɫâ񷣬ȫϫ
ϫӰһΣʩչӰ֡ܣ赲ǰӲһ
飡
ʸƿգ֮ȫϣȻһ˲䣬ͽϫġӰ֡Ƶüޡ
ϫΣң˫ĸһöӷţϼνȶĹһһ
ԶѱһĻסйҲ̫ǿһֵһˣ
벻һȻóҪֻܽսˡϫΪԡ֣ԶսʹԼ뼫ı״̬״
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Ҳη壬Ϊֱڣδʵ
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˻һԶ𶯣ʮ֮һȫʩչָкεǿ
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йһѭϢݵأɱһ
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һЮ֮貼âųأХһ㣬ضɫ䡣
һԱ֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ
Զ˽ԶɫźԶܸеһɲĿɲһڤʿһȻҪһ׺ɱĨĻᶼûС
Ͼǡʩߵľȫһ֮Уѣһɱˣ̫ʱڣܹƿءǿߣһǿߣմǣɱ˫
ػһδﵽ̫ǿǵȸ߶ȣΪУڶˮ׼ˣܺɨͬˡ
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һɲǣ˵ĶסϢĿȫ˳ϫϡ


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ػһѾڤ꣬ԷŸսڤѣܺԼӲʣȷǲ򵥣
Ǻǣ𼱣ܹɵʲôܰɣػָᣬ򣬷ĿĹ⡣

𶯣һâҶ˷ƣɫʢڼâܣһƥǹƣԶԶһеޱȾ
ػ۷һȻӳϫڶսʱȴûκӣһƱֿ֮ɲһء
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ôܣСӲŸմﵽڤ磬ȻѾʼͳԦΪսˣػͫһһƾâ
ܹﵽȵزȻһ۾ͿϫһȻͳԦֶΣҪ֪ҲŸտʼսʽѡ

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ϫ˵ȷز¶һʩչʮ۷弶ҾȻ䴫У
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Զս۷׷ףǰ⾪һս𾪡

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ǰ񱱿ǻĹӦһ޵ĸʢػŸռʮ֮꣬ͥ񣬵ȷСˡ
ˣ˵֮ɵʮҪչһʢᣬЩӵУѡγܳ콾ѹȺߣԻɵĴ࣬ڹʹ
ɵʢ᣿ɴǺεȵҫ
񻪷弫Զһ츣УӵӸ֣һƷ裬һ߹۹ۿⳡ

ţǸˣȻôͺػˣ
ӵС׵۽ͫҰڶбչأͻȻӦʲô͵ɨӶȥ˲ͿԶһս
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ˣ
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ڳ˶ʱһϣоԪѪȻһļ
Ȼ󡪡
˾ͿڳϫУϢسһԷŻҝҹ뵣֮


625 һķ
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Զ£ػпһͬȻ֣Լ޷ϫټӾƾһ㣡
ͻһĻ룬ʶرһ̤գйƵƵҡ

һ貼â㱬ǵأķ˼
һֿ׺ޱȵĹһ־ѵķǶˮ޷졣
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˭ⲿӵо춯֮ͨȻᱻڳϫʩչ
ͬʱҲŪףػļâΪλᱻϫɵֵˣԭͳ֮ϡ
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ৣ
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꣡
ݱΣػ˶ķ˳ȥѪѣɫ˲ò԰͸
Ȼһܵˣ


626 
ػѪˣעս𾪣㶼ġ
Ҫ֪ػʮǰ񻪷壬һֱ֣ӵдˡԵʳȺϹŶĳ谮ӵӵУ˸ǡ
˭뵽һλ׺ƥˣȻ˳ϫУ
ৣ
Ծʱ򣬳ϫٴζˣ֮񶯣˲ʧԭأԶػɱȥ
ȻҪɱԷԷһĽѵˣԼܰȵ񻪷㡣
ȳϫػһΣյϢٿȻӿͷһֹס˲
䣡
Ȼ֪˲ѵػȻվԪȣһ˲䣬ͻָ۷״̬ˡ
ǡϫһУӶԷϸܵһ˿Լļµζ
ͷһμһ֮ˣȻ˲ͻָģһĻ̫ˣҲһݣȫ䱸
ܺã벻Ȼˡ֮ȷҸе⡣
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屶ս
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ֲãһΪػʦʵˣԭ֮ǰδʩչ
˵һսػˣʵֻǳϫҵֶѡ
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ػ뿪ӹȻɲ⣬ҾŻ֮Уֶһλţڲ֮ɵʢϣȡò׵ĳɼ
ֶεȷˣ۷弶ּ̫ŵ֮ʱգȻԳɳΪҾŻɵĶ
ƴУλϰⳡսͷβҲǰ𾪲ѣΪǿϫǱ֮󣬾Բ񻪷ϵӲˡ
У±ؾӵЩǰϫģضȤ
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ֹƴЩϣһսĻ񻪷ֶؾռ֮УԶһԳϫ顣


627 ֮Ԩ
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Ұ̧ۣϳƴеһλϣлǣ壬һֱԼչмӣǻӪĻǳϾһߵġ
ϾÿһӵӣǾϸѡΣߵ죬ÿһпܳɳΪеĴһȨ˫
Żɵƽ֮λҲȫӵӵУһЩӵӵĴڣȻܵ೤ϵչˡ
еЩӵӾͺñһӵм̳лȨʸĻӣЩϾǳд󳼡ʱȥ£ӣǵٻλȻԸԼô
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֮벻ϫһʿȻȾͨʦܣ˵ĲӵȷǸСɫ
һУһĽ˶࣬ò񻪷ϣħӵӣŲʮˣϫӵΪǺΪһǿĻʮǰˡ
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Σ񻪷һɺӵĴڣЩϻĵӣǱƲѣպĪҪΪС
Ƭ̣ͻȻ˵⣬ʦҲ԰ͳϫӴһ£ܽ£ߣǾٺòˡ
ջǵ˵ͷ


񻪷ƷΪһ֮һֻһ츣أŮٻռݡ
ϫʵȷǿĳҵϡٻһϮȹۣںڵ㷢ɢ£֮Уһֻè㣬ӣ꣬һ˿صĴԣһɱķϡ
һ࣬ޱһϣ֫ϸӯӯһգŵϣʱҲһ˿֮ɫ
֮ǰϫػĶԾһ˿ضУо˳ϫɲ⣬֪㻻ԼֻҲϫһ
Ҳû뵽ʦӣ񣬲֪˶ɵ顣
ޱ촽˵ԭһΪʦ뿪ҪҺõİ˲Ų裬ˣѾȫƾһ֮ԼһƬˡ
콵֮ţߵԼĴ棬һʱ䡣
ٻתҲ֪ʲôпѣϫ񱱡Ұ֡ػǺǣЩӵУǳ˲˲õľֻǾŻڶԣǷ徴磬Ҳ֪ܷһ֦㣬ѹȺˡ
ȵ֮ɵʢʱͿһˡʱɵʮӵӶУ˭˭ǿ֮һĿȻ
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ɵʢᣬһɵʮӵ֮չʢᣡֻӵӣʸС
ⳡʢᣬ徴ˮ׼ĶԱȣÿһչܵнĿ
Ͼʮȳٰ죬ҲؼһһľͬμĴڡ
УЩߡߡʥߡߡⳡ֪µʢᡣ
˵ܹⳡɵʢĽɫֻҪزۣܻɳΪһ˻ģ
ֻвμɵʢᣬ֪ԼＸٻشӣԴ˼ޱʦãУʵԶԶ
ޱ˵ͷɫ̹ȻҲ˾ãҴ뿪ɣһȡɵʢ֮ǰʵһ
ٻͻȻЦˣʲô˵ҵ֪ȥɵɵĵӣѸȥҪҪҲһ

ԭش֮Ԩٻƣһһٵ
֮Ԩޱ΢΢һϲһĨݣʱ꣬ȻҪˣ
ٻصͷҲǸյõϢȥĻúǸϫһӵŵϴܹ֮ͨۡһ𣬻ҵ˵еġ
ãô죬ȥҳϫ¡ٻ˵꣬ޱվӣȥɴ䣬òˮ


628 Ƭ
С
ϫϥأת춴磬֮͸оһɹɰӿ뵽Ļ춴ѭݡ
Ԫϣ̺Ҳ̺żΪ˿̸һӿ춴磬ʱı仯
Щ֮ڻ춴뵣һ˿һĵǧһգɢ춴ÿһ䣬綼󡢼ˡ
񻪷һռһȻе;ݾӵ֮綼Ѱٲ
ϫһ˲䣬ᵽ츣شԼľ޴ô
֮Ĵ£Ļ춴Уһһľϣܿ춼˿˿ɵ磬ɽʯϣƵӿۼԾγǳֹ켣
ﶼһѭ˶ĸо綼øӷḻ
ָоԼΪһһƬпһ磬һһľһһʯ˵ҪԼȥ졢ƣ̣ԼΪḶ́Ƭ쵽زͻһѾԶˡ
ϫУһת춴ԪԼĻ춴һǿ̣ⴸת֮䣬Ƭ׳Ի͡
ܿ죬Ͳòͣ
ΪоԼĻ춴ѾﵽĿǰ״̬ҪٽһȥΪ
Ϊֻеܷһչ춴Ĺģʹܹ֮ɸԪ
յʮֵУȫɵزֻʮ׵Բֻһ
ϫˮ׼֣Сǳ硢˰ٵȵȴ壬ԶڵھŽ״ɾ֮ϣʮԲ֮ǻ
ֻﵽ˵ʮһףֻһܴﵽʮ׵Բ硣
Ҫչ춴磬ͱ뽫Щ⣬ϤﵽԲ֮˵ĻͬҲܹӳɱս
ǳϫܹԲգչ춴磬Խʩչս
εӣյԲԽ࣬춴ͻԽ̣ʵսͻɱǡ
ԺУҪصˡϫૣڤʿ֮䣬ƴľܷ񷢻ӳɱս
ػԲĴ壬ܹʩչ屶սƴսĻϫҪսʤҲã
ϫʦܿڣ
ʱһöٿȻӶ⴫
ޱʦ㣿ԣϫ򿪶İޱӭ˽
ޱڻûгΪӵʱ洫еĵһˣǣʿ¹µӡ
һſӵ֮ŮȻǰݷԼϫҲеһ˿Ծ⡣
벻ϫʦܾȻػҴ۽ˡޱһϫĶһ˳ϫϣЦ˵
ҶѡϫҲЦЦе͸ޱ⡣
ϫʦĪҪǫػĶԾҴͷβУʵҶһܹȼ硣ޱ££˿˵Լ͡
һܹԼ磿ϫԣеһԷ̬ɣǿȻޱһһЩֶΣûܹԼԲŻôɣ򣬻ˣ֮һмʵС
ԼӵСɱﵣ֮Ҳκܹġ
ϫʦܣ˴ǰ㣬һ̡ڳϫת֮䣬ޱ쿪ڣԼǰĿġ
ԭش֮Ԩ
ϫ˰ޱ֮󣬲һڡ徾أǲ֮ԨݴһƬڶգɱħ׽С
һţ˵ǲ֮Ԩ̫ʱڣһӡһҶһ֦޲̺ۼ֮ߣֱͨɽ磬ǹͨ˼ɽ֮һǷ
һֻ٣֮ɽƬġ֮Ԩ
޾Ĵ̽УеõĪ컯ߣһɳ죬϶ԣʧеģȴռ˾
ڻĹʱڣһλ˸ʥ˽УҲûлµ䶯£֮Ԩֳһ̸ɫĽɡ
ǲ֮Ԩ˵һƬʮʮţԻһһ˿ѾٴγˡֻҪץסܴл벻ĺô
ޱ߿߿˵񣬲֮ԨϢѴ÷зšħšĹеǿߣѽѡΪԼ֮أҪץסʹԵǰ㣬Ҫһȥһ
ΪʲôңϫЩܳû뵽ޱ֮ŮѡԼΪͬ飬
ޱЦʵܹ֮ͨۡƵ֮ԨһЩҲʦһЩйز֮ԨϢ֣ȫѰٵһЩԵ
ԭˡϫȻԭǰޱԼյͨ
ϫʦܲҪᣬʵûС֮ۡҲһǰģϾҺǷʦ̫飬ʦǰԸҶҪշ㣬ԲὫ㵱
ޱޥģһ۾Ϳϫ˼͵ҿսڤ֮ҪΪֻҪ⾳֪֡ǲ֮Ԩڣӵһޱȵ֮ţһŻڣƬֻҪܹһȫڼʱڰһִԲ硣
֮ţƬϫһҲһâ־֪ǵȱкεȲˡ
ãҾ͸ޱʦһ⡣ϫһʹӦˡ
簲ޱ˵Ҫʵֻܴ⾳֣ǲ֮ԨھȻдƬܴ
Ǻãھͳޱɫ粻˳٣ҴʦţһЩӵܣҲǴ³֮Ԩȥȥˣֻ±ͷ
뿪񻪷壬ɽӶȥ
֮Ԩλԭشɽ֮࣬ŻңԶޱȣѡɴȵִＫԭشϵһСĹųǣȻڳɽȥ
ޱʦãǿҲҪǰ֮Ԩ
Ȼ˸յִɵĴǰͿһսۣʵĸߴڴǰޱ֣һЦ˵
˫ָ̬ӺݣںЦ˵֮䣬ȴһ֮ɫӳĵǷ
ʦ֣ޱ΢΢һû뵽Ȼ꣬ŵҲһĨȻ


629 ѩ֮
ʦ֣
ϫֻ¾Ǹˣ˵ԻĹеһ壬ʵǿƥӵкպĴ
һ룬ٴսۣʱľȻͬˣΪ֪ػ׺һˣҲֻʹƽɫ
Ҫ֪ػӵ屶սӵһ޿κΣ֪ߵʵжǿˡ
񱱻޳һ츳֮ͫҰӵеġ׵۽ͫй֮޲
ʦþȻǵңܳЦ̬Ϊ
ʣŮøеΰӣӵһɶص
ʦˡޱʱѻָƽֹˮ˵ʦĪҲҪǰ֮Ԩ

񱱵˵ͷĿƶŰޱԼǳȵ֮⣬֮Ԩʱ꣬ٴοѺ䶯£ǡһƿǰһͻƵ⾳磬ճս
ս
ԣϫ΢΢һУָ
ʦ֮ʣ˴Ȼɣ¸ߡޱЦ
ɰʦüˡ
񱱴Ц߰ɣȻʦҲǰ֮Ԩǡ˳·ĳԸ䵱ʹߣ·ȷ棬Ϊʦñݻ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ʼգ񱱶ûпϫһۣƳ˰ޱ֮⣬ûκˣκܹע
Ȼֱ䡱Ĵóϫ˶ŭϾҲǵһμ棬ȻԷڳ⸱Ŀ˵̬ҲֵС
ʦ֣λǳϫ½ӵӣʵΪף˴κһǰ֮Ԩ
ޱҲԼ֮ǰ񱱶Իе㵡˳ϫܵϫλʦ֣ӵһǿߡ
Ŷ
ޱѻ⳶ڳϫϣüͷһ壬漴չŵһΰĿڳϫϣһջĿ⣬ޱͷЦȻǰޱʦõͬ飬ǾԼˣʱǲ磬ǻǳɡ
赭д޵͸һ˿ĵζ·ΪޱĽܣôϫһ¡
ޱ˼磬еķ֮⣬ϫЦһ£ʦִ˰Ѱķۣϫʦܣ㻹ǶൣһЩһǰ֮ԨӦûᰲȫࡣ
ϫͬҲЦЦʾԼ⣬ȴǰԳʵǿ۸ڶԸˡ
Щ겻֪˶ٸ֮ƽϡ
ˣ
˸һ봫ϼһʱʧ˾Żɵɽ֮ǰ

ʦ𣬳ϫѾ뿪
Ŷɴ̽ǰεأ
Ӧǲ֮ԨеĻ񱱺Ͱޱˡ
񱱺Ͱޱ⵹Щ鷳ˣˣһһľһи߲ص֮ŮϫСӺεȺܣȻܹ˻һ𡭡
ʦǸô죿
ˣԭƻϢħ֮һĻȪħڣţȪħһԱ˰ִԴܸȤġ
ǡܵǱǷҪ֪ͨһ£
ȥɣܵǱߣȥ

壬ǻֺޱȵУ֮ĿԼһĸ뿪ŷУĿ˼
˰١Ҳ֪ӾǷսȻձ˰ִȻͻĹʱݺڤѲϵ
֮˫ˣȽȪħڴþУ赶ɱܴ֮ӴϻáսٳҲ١
Ǻǣϫϫֻ뵽˴գҲû취˭㵱սҵôأҲֻܹԼ̫޴
ͳڿĴƮ˶ӰУԵɭɲɵ֮һħˡ

ǣһڼԭشϵĹųǣӴѲ֪ж£ƣɢһֳĲɣظС
˳ռع󣬴ѩǣеĽֵݶɺ죬⻬档
ѩһʵıѩ֮ǡ
˵֮ԨôѰٲɽλãνĲ֮ԨĪһ˵ȻûһܹѰٵ;
ĽֵϣһЩӢ˲ǿ߻ɲѣ򣬽ϵıѩ֮жʱˣδ̽ɽ;
ɲô˵ɽ̫ʱڣҲһɽ񼣣סǱ֮أɽǵұѰٲ
ȷֻеȾɽ֣Ѱٵ֮Ԩ;ĵȴɣȻϢѷų֮󣬾ɽͻ֡
ȴţɽ϶ֻ֣ʱˣɽֻҪ֣žѰٵ֮Ԩ;
ֵϣϢֺϵıѩ֮ǣǼԭش϶һ޶Ĵǣǳ˿Ҳֶ֪֯
Ų֮ԨҪֵϢ£ǳÿ춼˷ǿӿС
šħšеĸ顭ԶЩ飬ƹǹǺȣҲųС
ϫޱ˵ִʱͿüδ壬죬Ϣȴǿ֮˲Ŀ
öǿߡϫȵ
ĿһɨͿȺУϢǿ֮еƣѻȻѷɫػǵȴˡ
ǿߺ٣ٶ֮УҲֻһ㹻ˣϾھŻȳУػ׺Ҳֻôһֶѡ
ǵĴ϶֪˴β֮Ԩĳ֣徴ٵǿǰ
֮Ԩʱ꣬ٴ䣬Ȼ˸ǿߵȤ֪ʮšħеһЩӵܣԼĹеĿҲ֮Ԩ֮ء
ޱ̬ɵҺãĲɽδ֣ͱ˱ռȻ
᲻ỹеһǿ߲Уϫʵ
ģ֪ʷ缴ңĵһΣѡ˱չز˵УЩڤʿ۷Ĵڣȫعൣġޱ͵
áϫ˿ǵ涼ĻЩڤʿúôķݶһѡ
߰ɣȥƸ󣬸󳬼ӵֻѾ£ǱߣҲȥ̽һʵһ˴ν֮ԨģЩǰ÷һ࣬ңңһָԶ˵
Ȼһ֮ߵ¥ͨ͸·ĹĿ֮


630 
ΪƸ¥ԶǳУһѩͨ񷣬¾ͣĿ֮
ȻΪ˵ȴǣڱƸһ࣬һƲĹ޴ƥԭƸ㹻ˣһǰԵЩˡ
ͨɣűϼ֦辻ҶӶӨΣ죬жߣ֮̽⣬ңң֮С
ʲô
·ϣϫʵʵ̫ΰɶҪʮ˺ϱһɽۻ룬ڳǳУԵĿ
Ǳڵ¿׷ݵǴʱԶޱȣ˵̫ʱڣһꡮһƬҶޱ͵
һƬҶ
ϫԣտȻҲ̫ˣһƬҶӣܳɳΪĹĲָкε죿
˵ǲ̫䣬ͨɽ˼һӡ壬Գʢࡣ
һĴ٣ʧ֮䣬ھ֮ɽƬġ֮Ԩ
ȻǲһƬҶʵˣǿɾ̫ˣһع屦Ĵڡ
˵һֻ֣类Ƿˣһֱ˵أκã
ϫޱ̣Դ˺ܸȤֱܲѰ
ЦܱȡߣǱǵĸڣÿ֮ԨҪ֣ͻһƴ֮Դˣ֮ԨҪ
ξΪ֮ǰͻ˷ǿǰҪǲ֮ԨѰٻԵ
仰˵ûд˸Ѱٲ֮ԨĴڣ£˭ָȥĻǱʿ׷ɱɣֺû˭ܳе𡣡
شϫĲǰޱһԵ񱱣ƺΪ߳ϫͰޱ˽˵ʱ̬䵭ԵЩѺá
ϫȴһЦ֮ѵõҪ֪Ĵ𰸣񱱶Լ̬ȱ仯÷ϡ
ʵһִţûšޱˣͻȻϫ˵
Ŷʲôţ
һ£ֹǳϫҲһ¶ɫ
̫䣬¹ʥۣһλԻޱȵ£ҲһƬҵĻ־ʱ߳Ρ
Ĵڣǹͨ˼硢ɽĵõ֮壬컯֮Խ
ȻһĴʱֶͨҲѶȹһѣǣһλһ֣ȡһɣȴһ˿Ǵ
һǣͲ֮Уȴʱ
ʲôԣסˣģǿɾֲ̫ˡ
룬һͨɽ̫ǣȻֻһƣĴڣֻ»񶼷
ϫҲǾѣ̫ˣҲţҪ֪̫ʱھѲ֪꣬ǲһǻڣֱͳ񼣣㣡
ȻֻһţҲһżϿģǷʵ˭Ҳû취ȷޱЦ
㲻˵һλ֣ȡһ˿һǣλǺεȴڣ
˵ֻǴţϫ̲סʵԼоǼٵģһЩҲ޷һģ˵Ժó
ҾͲ֪ˡޱʼ硣
߰ɣƸˡͻȻڵ
ϫ̧һȻͼ㴣ıƸǽǰ
¥֮ϣһԶԶܹǱߴ֦ϣȻһӰھһ㡣
ҲЩţȷޱȣͨѩӨ֮䣬̺ųˮдϢڴ֮Ͼ򣬼ˮдİ
ޱһ˵ˣҲǵһȻ̳ÿ겻֪жٵĽڴ˲壬ٶն񡣡
ȷĪ⣬˭뵽ؼ侹ڡϫͷ̾Ҳе嶯ҪǱ֮ϣһ̽
ʦãȥɣڱƸ߲֮ϣܸͬܵϢһܻ֪Ϣʶ˷ǿνһٶá񱱺Цޱ롣
롣

Ƹ߿죬ҲǻֺޱȣɢӨΧ۲֣ǰ裬ɾ㣬ԡ
Ѽ۸ҲǼߣѰ˸ͽ
仰˵ܹ˵صȻʿݽԶͬ죬Ȼȸ߰ļ۸һȴˡ
ĳ˵Ų֮ԨҪϢٲȻѳĿܾۼء
ΪһľŻӵһҵȻ֮߸һʲƵķúֱͨ󣬵ִ˱Ƹ߲֮С
Ƹ߲㣬һƬ֮Ĵƶˣʯ֮⣬۵ľǱïʢɡڣԶǶƣ񷣬Ұ
ʱʮλѣ̬ŮУħĿϢǿĸᡣ
۳ӣԪܲ裬ħأˮһ롭벻Ȼ˶ĸ
ޱһɨˣɿ촫ϫʦܣ˼ԷѰɱȣǸĽܳӵܣ˴ν֮ԨҪСһЩˣֻٲһͻ;
ϫ˵ͷͬҲ֣ڳУϢģֻ߲ͣϢǿػ񱱶¡
Ƶ˲żüãԻ
ҵҲصʲôǾŻΪʮ֮һ۱͵λ֮ڳֻ߲͡ޱ
סϫЦЦ̶ֳȣԲηڳκˣǷͻҲаս䳹׽
ףŻɵʦ֣
񱱣Ǹһľ
ȻǴˣ˵޳츳ͫھŻɵӵУһĴڣһȻ鴫
ϫ˵ĳ֣ͬ˴˵ע⣬䵱Ϊ׵ʱһ˿Ȼ
ȻǶϵǺηʥҪ֪ڳ˿ɶԸĿӢȻΪ񱱵ĳ֣һ˿궯ɴҲ֪жôˡ
ޱ㣬Ҳˣ
ޱǲǾŻΪܳĵ֮һ֮ͬ޳ߣھȺףû뵽ҲǣƵǹɫ㰡
Ưʵ̫Ưˣ˵Żɵİޱòɣȷٰ
ϳ񱱣Ҳϳޱŵգ޳ޱȵʱڳӶһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ֻгϫ󣬷˹עĽɫԵĲۡ


631 ֮ͭ
Ƹ߲С
񱱺ͰޱĵִܵǿߵĿǳϫİ˹עĽɫ
ں˸ٴλãһƷһߴŴڵˡ
עģҪǸʮ֮һ۵ꡪӡ
һϮӻƵۣ棬òţͶ֮䣬ɢһɷ豹ϢǱߣȺΪۡ
ϫ֮ԹעˣΪƿշϵķ罣ף̫սʱ罣ױǱ۵һΪӵġ
ֻȥʱ䣬ܺ棬罣һֵزǷǰ֮Ԩ
뵽罣ףϫ¡硢ᰡӵˣǸԶһĸִߣѶȫޣֹˣ
ৣ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣһĿٿȻɨϣʱͽѹ̧һԭǳӡ
ƵƵע⡭ϫЦѣһƣĿͶ⡣
һߣüͷһ壬ҲջĿ⣬ȴһƣİ˳Żɣָ񱱺ͰޱߣĪҲһ˲õ
ڣ񱱺ͰޱһЩſ̸Ц̣һӵСͫǿһӰ֮ŮȻ֮׽ߣԵΪֻ֣гϫ֮ǰУԵЩįˡ
ϫôãھŻɴã˵ʮֵе壬ͻȻ쳾磬Ϊ̹
ʿ˺쳾ɽоһܣǵɽдˣⷱ쳾Уȴһָ򡣡
ϫңһïʢıһдһʱЩ
һǱչɽеĿʿһں쳾еˣͬľȻһ
ţ
ڳϫľ͸ʱͻȻоԶıϣһ˿ɬĴˡ
ܲͬѰĸо
ģǱһɶֻѲϸ֪ʱȴʧӰ١
ʱֹͣ˺˽ʩʩȻ˳ϫһ࣬ޱϫһһòŮһ뿪˱ƸҪȥϹһЩƷ
ޱһ뿪ϵЦʱʧ΢̣һ˿ȻԹ˵ʦܣջһЩǣвǾŻɵĵˣҪСЩҵֶΣҲֻά˰ޱʦõȫ
֮⣬˵Σգֻչ˰ޱȥչ˳ϫ
ϫĬȻţʱ˼˴һϣʱȥ񱱡
ο񱱶ˡʾˣҲٸԷĥƤӣҲûָ񱱻ȵչԼˡ
ǡҾ͵Ĭˡ
ϫȻ޶ԣԼ񱱲һвһ˿ŭ֮ɫ˵ʵǰڰޱ棬ͲͳϫСɫΪ顣
˵ϫиɳһɵĴ£ǻػ׺񱱿ҲǲֵһɹȫȤ
صģ޷һԼʵһˣκԶء
ѾھŻӵӵ۷У£ߵﶼܵ˵аޱ֮Ů飬νǳ־޷⣬Ļѳϫˡ
Ǹļһﰡ鷳㻹ԹԵҳְƳһ۳ϫЦѡ
ڼ䣬½мǿ߽¥йز֮Ԩ顣
һУϫˣΪٴ˾˷֣
üȻѿһĿӴʱͿڣȻһ͵Թԣ
ΪԾǣ˿һ㣬ƴޱȣܲŹϻɬĵ֮ۼƬռ룬Ȼһϼ̨Ư
֮⣬̨֮ϣһͭף⼣߲ϡԿ㡢ǳ˼ȵͼɢһɱ䡢ϡ֮Ϣ
ռ䡢ۼϼ̨֮ͭסڣȻۣ֮ԼֻҲԷ֡
ϫа𾪲ѣ뷢һܡ
ת֮ۡ۾һʹҪѪ㣬ڿͭڵľ߿յһƬڽڣȴһ鼫䲻۵Ľľ
齹ľֻаƴСͨڣܵ׻һ㣬˿˿ѺۣһѺϣȻһСޱȵѿӨ̣ת˿˿͹ΣǹƮ£Ɲϸ㣬齹ľΪ档
⽹ľѵǰޱ˵ģµһϫһ඼סֱ
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ǰҲ֪жٳʥ֮ǰһ̽ҪݳͲ֮ԨĹϵҲһܿа
ڣһЩǿۣɵʲôΪйرһУѳ˹ܡ
ϫȴһЩ˵ĻУԼоԼ֮ǰһĻĻǱڣֻҪ䳹Ū̽йز֮Ԩİ
ʱһЩǿչۣ˵ȴȻͬ
ҿ棬ҲֻǲһƬҶܹ֮֮ȫΪͲһеĹϵлܣȫ޻̸֮УֻҲͲ֮Ԩûʲô
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ЩͬһӮڳ˵ͬ⡣
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һΣʼǿ齹ľɢϢԾΪǽľѿһƝ⣬ȻԴһ㣬̺Ϣ
Ȼ΢С˼£ɳϫȴԼĸ֪Բǿ϶ǴϢмˡ
мˣǵȷǲһҰ㵽ȴӦһ£Ϊ
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632 ǿƼ
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ܵһλӵо֮ʵľûôԸ񣬶Ȼʢɣ˸̸
жһݣҲͬţܵڵǸΪʮ˵츳ӵС֮ԸǻսÿĴս֮ͬУаܼһµ
ң޵ħܹ۳⻯˻ģһֱѹ֣һܡ
ܵڣʮǰȻͳƾã׷ݵ̫ʱڣгĴߣܵõ䴫еӵܣʵΪ˵á
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ϫĿҲͬɨþ΢΢һӴϣȻԼܵһڤϢ
Ʊ˰ȵȴֲ࣬ŹħԣɭֺڤϢвͬ
ڳϫþʱþĿҲƳһ³ϫ߷һ˿ζĻȡ
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ʱΪþһ仰ܵڵǿ߶ǱȥþɫԶƣҲʱý
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Ǽ߽֮һֱֵģɫȻûע⵽Щ˶ǵĵѸеһ˿ˡ
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633 žž
ͻȻļ飬ɫ¶ŭݣ䲻壬ȴΣ֮䣬ɫ
Ϊصǣ⼸飬þȻһģһֵͬܡ
ħֵܣ
ϳ⼸ݣֵܣ츳޳֮һײǿǾħĸʢĺݽɫ
ἰħ˶뵽Ƭħеħ̫ʱһλ޵ǿߣʥ磬սհ֮Уúšʥ
ѰŽܹΪʥĴڣУҲֻôһСˣָͷĹ
ֲø˰裬Ŷ룬ԭĸݽɫҲϳ⼸һ¶ɫ
Ҳţħ˼˲õţֵܾΪĴڡ
Щֵۣһ¶֮ɫƸ߲㣬ǿϳҲһ˽顣
ѣ˵ĻѵûôΪ׵ֵܵϴɳͨϫȻԼֵܣɫһȥ
ϫȻɳͨĻ˵ҲڶУλãŶûУ
һֱԼΪԼڳһʱò˵Ŀɲֹһ˵ľŻֻҲҪߡ
ѣǲǾŻɵĵôֵȽɫ۸ǾŻͷϣҲȥܹܣԶӿŶ񱱣
ȷҾŻ½ӵӣĸ۸ڶԵͷҲãҲպСƳһԶĳϫҡͷЦЦ˵
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񱱴˾ҲЩʮŵĵУҲԳݣ۸ڶͷ࣬޾飬ԸԴ󣬼׵ˣ͵ԼʱԵúĥһӣС
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һŻɵӣ۷弶Ҳ̫ѰˣѵŻڰָջԻͣ
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ֱе㻳ɣֵܾǷ紫ŰѵһЩпõĻɫ
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ϫƳһۣԼڴֵܣתԼλȥ̬ƽ֮ǰʲô鶼ûһ㡣
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634 絶
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䵱ȻΪʦ桱ʱжʱһ̫ѰˣµݣһԾΪʦ桱
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һڤļһѣȻܲ㵽һλɺһֻص֮Ů֮䣬˵Ϊݾмܹ쵽
ʱ򣬾ӶǺŹϫһ񱱸еԾˣһη֣һֱԼӵСƺԼĻҪ򵥡
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񱱱һĻĻЩֲľҲһ˿ңеĪķַ꣬·𴦴ϫѹһͷĸоеΪˬ
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һֱھ۲ϫķӦָܿξ򶨣ҲһĨ壬ȴͷҺ뿴һʦˣʲôӡ
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ֻһ仰ϫһƽʱɢ٣ľ򶨴ݣΧ˵ۣҲš
Щ飬˶ãȻѱҿǾͽҿɣԼ¡֮ľ𣬰֮ͻֳһҿҿʲôͬ
ȷܲˡֱԣҿڵ㣬ԶԶ޷ʦ档
ɫ棬ֱųϫһһ˵ңͱ˵ĶԼֻҲûʤϣѡ˳˵ѵѡȻ˵ĵĻ³עޱȡ
һνǾ絶ģǴݵ˵һɲ˲ŷζ


635 ּ
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ΪݴϾ׼ҵһϹŶĺһˣʵ䲻ܵλӵС֮ʮǿᣬΪȴҪʮţűǿнʱ֪˶ٴøӵܼͷ۲ѣ׷ױܿԸǣΨ鷳
Ͼ׼ңһ徴аԾһĿֲԱȼʮȻۼ̷ΧҪۺ
Ϊ壬̾ˣѴﵽʷʢʱڣѲپ򣬾˵ڿ⽮֮ǿĲ
ΪҪǣϾ׼֮˼Ϊ̣۴С飬һϾ׼ңҲѲƤ˭
ǰ꣬ǰЩżΪˣһ·׷Ҫ˹飬ڼһİ˺Ӷƺ̸жʱŭεģֱӷóϫ
Ͼ׼ҵİ׹ϣһλϹŶֱϵ轾֮ҪСЩĵҲеЩͷۡ
Ͼ׼ҡԣϫȴһвһ˿Ź֮ɫ⡭Ǻɰ


636 ǿ
ʱ򣬴ҲϳݣһüѣҲףΪ˰ˣϾ׼ộȷ˺ͷۡ
ϾϾ׼ҿǳĻ̣۶ԴǵǵˣⲻһЩǣͳΡ
˿̣а׹ϵ꣬ٲȻͳһͷˮޣ˭˭ͷۣ鷳
Сӣû𣡣ԣһ˵Ȼ׹հ
ϫ÷ϻһɨ屬һɿ񱩵ϢһͷԨХɱ¾Ϣ죬һ˲䣬˱ѪŵŵŵˣȴΪ׵İ׹֮⣬ȫɫһףѪ
˶Ծû뵽Ͼ׼ҵˣϫȻܲˣֱӾͶˣһ⺷ֱЩĵˣв㣬Ǳ
ɱ֮ǰֱֵܸӣɴ䣬ٲȻһûϾ׼֮˷еģ
Ȼҵˣˣϵû˭ܹȵ㣡׹磬ȡ
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ħˣҲͷϾ׼ҵӵܣû취Ͼ׼̵İֲʵ̫ټˣ˵رҲš
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һжԳϫԣȴûκ˵ŰļһпܻһЩȽԶԨԴ
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ң֮ǰ򣬾Ϊ˺Ͱ棬ȡĸϵ˿̼׹ϳ巸Լͷϣˡ
ο֮ǰϾ׼ҵһλӰǬִʱش䣬˵ǰ׹ˡ
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һǿߣһʱ֪϶Ϊֵܱˡ
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ǰ£һ̣ϫĸеЩˣԽһֱ鷳ϣҲЩˣ뿪Ƿ֮أٲ


637 ȳ
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ˣϫͻȻĪЦˣϸ룬ʵŻƣãԼʱҲ޷ð
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638 ˣ־
񱱺ܱ˵ǹʹĸо̫ѻˣǳϫԼͬʦֵܣ޲һ쵰
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ֱǰԼʹ˰
ֱаֱðһǻŭȫй˶ϡ
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ǳħӣӵıսǿĶ֣һսʱ·磬ˣֻܱǱģֻͷˡ
񱱱ʵ񱱸ԭҪԸǳϫѣ룬·ɱһҧ𣬹㣬һƴɱģֱɱˣֱᡣ
ģ˭˭ˣʦһسӵģƴģԵģǾŻ̫۸ˡ
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Ϊ˷ſս˶Ծ˱һ࣬ճһĵطܹĶԾ
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㿴ħǿߣ֮ǰڶȴñͷܣĻһ˿ŵ档
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˼֮ǰԼΪλ˷ŭڳϫ뿪Ҳûϣ뿪Ҳãʡÿķ


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Ų֮ԨҪϢų֪µĹϵĳǳأñǰֺĦ࣬ˮ
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ͷβйز֮ԨϢȻ죬޲ڴƺһԵͽֿɵһ㡣
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˭Ҳû뵽ᣬ˱ȴڶľۣԽԽҡ
˭ܸ߹˼ۣŵȻãʱһ𣬰һ멣ߴӢӷֿȺ󲽿
ӣȻǳ񣬱ֱͦɢһȻֱϾĺƴǣһ㣬졣
ŵȻʮ֮һĽիľޣ˾ϳ멵Ӣӡ
ҲȻһû뵽ŵȻݵҫȻͷ̯ϣ⡣
Ľիϫ΢΢һȴ̫սʱǸĽիˮϵȸ


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644 󱦲
УͷѤĶݹХƾˣضҡ
һ֧ƺƵĶУϫҲǸпѣоɵĲףΪԼ·ҪҪֶʿͿ⣬пҡ
ǧľһ㣬˶ִ˰ѡ·ʱѾ̤ͣЪ
Ҫյ㣬ҪĲֱǰҪѪȷͲҽʤܿܣ
ޱʦ㣬һ֮Ԩѣ˵̲Ƭȹ屦Ҳڻ˶˰ɣ
ܿ죬ϫͷһĵط徴ççޱ󣬰˵񡰲֮ԨؾӦкܶŶԡ
ƫƫʱ˿̣µӢ£һĪл
ޱЦЦϵϫʣ촽ֻΪƬԲôǿߡ
ԭ֮Ԩ̫ʱӴ񣬲ŲʱµĴƬĪ֮أ̲ྪͻԵ
Ͼ֮شڵʵ̫ƾˣ֪ж˸Ĵ߽УֻΪƬЩǵȤ
հޱ˵֮ԨڣšһһһšΪĪ֮ء
һָǡؾ̺ŲţµƬ
һָǡ컯򡱣һƬصĵط̫ʱһλλ飬λͲֿٵǿߡ
֮󣬲һǣλȴЩңֻԼĴ֮أͳʷС
䴫֮أĪġ컯򡱣Щǰ֮ԨһҪԭ
һšָǡ֮šƬ˵һرﶼۺ죡
йرǷڵ⣬ȴ˸ȷϣΪԹĸִУҲûؼĴڡ
һһһšǲ֮ԨڣΪص󱦲أȻ֮ԨԶֹЩ֮ȣȴΪ
˴β֮Ԩ֮Ի˶ǿ߷ԭڴˡ
˽⵽Щ󣬳ϫŻȻаҲ֪СҪĻ񾧣ֲĸط
ЩҲǸ˽⵽ʦĪҪ黳ޱתƳһ۳ϫ˵
ʦˡϫЦЦ
ߣʦܣ֮ǰڱƸڣͬʦֵܵķݶϣҰɱħĻ쵰˲֮Ԩǿɱֲˡ񱱺ߵƺΪ߳ϫͰޱ죬̼һ³ϫͻ᲻һ
Ȼ֮ԨԵʦ֡ʦͬͬͬľϫЦ
ųϫϵЦݣûеһ˿ŤԺУǰڱƸһĻԺԼˡˣˣ
һ뵽⣬Ƥ̲סһ£æҡҡͷԺеͷߵ׾ͺáܲ
ϫһЦ֮˵Լ̬ΪվлеߵģУܹȻվȥάŻɵһ㣬Ὣ񱱵п
࡭Ҳֻͬʦֵ֮Сìܶѡ
ޱȻƳһۣо֮ƷЩʲô㣬ҿΣ񱱶ԳϫƺΪԹͲޡ
죬Ǿǲ֮Ԩ
ڽ̸֮ʣ֪ɽ֮ϣʱвǧˣ̫ʱںպɽϡ
һ󣬶ʱ˳ϫ˵ĿȥǰһĻҲһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ǿɽ󷽣ѱһƬççƺǣӿƵƺУԼԼһſǳתХ
УȻž޴̫໥ѭվʮأƬƺȾһƬѤ
ڵ̫ԣɢԣƬƺһǱһǻ硣
ʱӿĻ棬ǧ籩ϯʱǵı˪ǵأѩ쫷Ű
Щ桢ѩУԿһֻֻ޴ĽĴУһͷͷ֣߮½롣
ǵ׳澰ڳ˶۷ֱԡ
λʱա죡̫յ編ǰ֮ԨȻʱճϫ񼣣ȻǴֱʰ
Ӧþɲյ編Ҳֻһ̫ʱڹͨɽ˼Ż֮ͨ
֮֮ͨͨɶ컯귭ƣҵԶԶ޷󼰣˲ֹʮǧ
Ǿ̾п꣬ǰһƬƺֻǲ֮ԨڣչֳǾ޾ס
ಣಣಣ
Ȳһݹ⣬ƺ֮УȻ˺ȻǣЩ˸һƺ񲻻Ӿ˽ˮһֱӾͱһſתݵǳѹ飬ò
˶ܹתǳѹȴһɾ޴ϯߣٻҶʣޱȵĲҽС
һĻԭԾԾԵˣԶһȻֹ
̫ɲˣ
ƺѭǳ£ܻĻ뺮󣬾ȻһȻľɱ֮󣬺بڲ֮Ԩڣ赲ǽ롣
һȺǲ֮Ԩô׽ȥڵıֻѱһգӴ浽ڣҵȲߢ
һмһƻ⣬ͷǵǿ̤𣬳Хţһǿٳһ·
˵ʱͷţһǿӰһԾƺ֮Уƺ֮ƵģŲתƣƹףȴȻܿƺеĹת˲䣬ʹһʧ
ͬʱһЩǿߣҲˣ޲СģƿƺеаȻûгκ
ϫһ㿴ˣƺ֮Уһͻڲɱ³çУɡ
ҪУͱЩǳתĹ켣Ѱٳһֱ֮ͨԨ·
Ƭƺǳת֮ʱճϫ㣬ǿն࣬ǲ֮ԨС
ޱɿܵҪֱӴȥܣ³ܲңҪôɱҪô᳹ʧУ˵Ѱٵ֮Ԩ߳ܣʷϣ˾ʧУҲ·ջġ
ʦ˵Ĳ˵ȴֵһɹҸ·
񱱹Ц̬󲽳ƺȥ
ͬʱһУͻȻһԴĿʢĻ棬֮䣬ҹ棬¡
ǺȻһ츳ͫ
ϫЦЦҲ˵ʲôͰޱһ𣬽
ʵ֮ǰѡ֮ۡƺаһ˲ҵǧ֮ͨԨ·Ȼѵ·
ѡ·ʵ̸ѣֻͨҲʺ϶˵ʲôΪһҪޱǰͷٶ˵ǿɾ̫ɨˣֻ»񱱵Ĳ졣


645 
ƺ֮Уǳѭ⣬ȴɢصƺŨ
Уȫǹвʱһֻֻڻһͷͷ飬춯ص֮
ӿĻ棬ǧγɻ籩ĴХǳǺͬҲǵأŰ
ϫܹܵǻ籩ǺһɨĨɱκεڤʿΣ֮
Ѱٵ֮Ԩ·ǵˣҲҪޱ޼ʵѭ⵽֮֡


Ҳ
ƺܣʱһޱȵĲҽ˶Ĥ˾㤣һЩûҵ·ʿǰ˻
Ͼܹ·ߣֻܹӵСͫĸϡ٣ðȻУֻһĽ֡
֪ˣвʿ಻סе̰֮ԨһԵȻðմƺУͼҹء
ϧʵ֤ƺ֮У޽֮ԣЩɶ˻ǰʿҪôҪôʧ֮أػ졣
ǲҲһԼΪǲ֮ԨѰܹӴĵط
ǰߴ·񱱣Щҽк󣬲ҡͷѡ
֮ԨشԵͬһƬ֮أеǿ߲֪ж٣ʵп䣬޷񶨡
ȷûг׼ִֻ·һޱҲͷͬ⣬ԵԽŵķվԽԹŵ˲Ƶ
ʦ㣬ǽ֮Ԩ󣬲֪кδ㣿ϫͻȻʵ
ȻǰؾѰٴƬ˴ǰ֮Ԩǿߣʮа˾ŶΪ˶
ޱ££˿߿߿յĴ壬ֻһԲ磬ѰٵִƬȫڶʱճս
սһȻѡ
Ҳ屶սѣ˴ǰ֮ԨͬҲΪѰٴƬԼĵ⾳磬̶ﵽսĿġ
ԭʦıս塣ϫһʶǰʿŮӰ㡣
ȷ⣬ΪǺͰޱһͬΪӵӵģǵһ֪ޱȻıս
Ůǵ洫ӵһˣʾޣ츳ѵõΪ˵͵ɽ¶ˮױ˺ԵʵֻעкεȵƯ
ǡôƬ֮أ
ϫ̲סʵȻ֮ԨһΣֺòײŽһˣֻѼһЩƬδ̫ϧˡ
Ҫ֪֮ԨпɲֻСؾС컯򡱡֮šȸصڣֵ֮ҪԶԶؾ
ңر⣬֮ԨطѱûиͻԵȥֺھ
ҲǰطײһײԵϧ֪Ľիѽ컯иŲ˴ǰ֮ԨǾֱ컯򡯶
ޱӨĴ߷һĨЦϧв޶йء컯򡯵ðȻȥֻ»ֻǿɾʹֵˡ
Ľիͱۣ
ϫԺУֹӺŵȻǿߵвпĽիͱ۵ȷܹλʮŵĳȻܹйء컯򡱵
֪ʮеܹǰ壬ԼڵľŻȴҪѷһĩβǻ
ʵ꣬Żʮ֮ףźǣǧԭ򣬽ʧȥٹ⣬ûˡ
ǡ֮šأϫٴʵ
ۣ֮ޱҡͷУ˵رȡ컯򡯻Ҫأƴ˵Թ֪жٴΪնһԵһ档ѰٵҲܣϣã
ǿɲһ
ͻȻڵõϢ˴β֮Ԩʷ缴ңܲѰһЩӵĴ˴β֮ԨڣоԵʮа˾žͺǡ֮šйء
ϢȻģޱȻӣ΢ţʣһĶǵۡ
Ȼġ񱱰ȻһЦԼһ仰ޱ˾ȣעԼϣҲסӿһĨԺˬޱȡ
ʦֿ˽⵽֮žϫʵ
췢ģûйҲ˼仰񱱶Уȴоô̶סźۼصһ۳ϫ
ǰʦ֣֮йأҲȥ̽Ѱһ˵նءޱգգ۾Щڴ
⡭ɫһϵİȻ֮ɫʧʼ磬òЦϵҲֻ˵֮žںεأȴǲ
ޱϵϣ֮ɫʧæؿڱ֤ʦ÷ģϢԿɿȽ˲֮ԨȥһѰҵ֮ŵλã
ޱҡҡͷȴǲٶ˵֪ϢϢҪѰ֮ţǺε֮ѣ
ģɫʱȥɨһԱߵףһһ޹Ĵиòһ
쵰ֱɨǰ벻ùѣ񱱺ƣԴϫ֮ԼԱҲ߯аˡ
ɲ֪ϫ̳ʱһɨǡĴºš
ʱۣϫ̤ٲǵ꣬ɨǡºȻнԶˣѳ֮ӣ£ڴʿУѳ޷󼰵Ĵڡ
ȻֻڴС
УֻǾŻɵӵ֮һԣ·ҪŬȥ
ಣಣ
˵Ӱʧããƺ֮ӰٿȻ֣Ϣһ㣬졣
һһŮеһϮɫۣļߣͷɢԺ󣬽ɫϣŹֵĻƣħħһ͸ɭϢͼ
֮Ԩǡóô˻ᣬĶӵһ򾡣ȻбһУ˿ϸһĨ֮ɫ絶Եء
˿׿ڽǵѰ֮ţڵǼر飬ʱһΪãй¶ݡ
Աߣ׵ŮӣͬһϮۣ񻣬һ޳ĴȱһŮӶҪ߳һأӳĵͤͤˡ
ߣѣȻ֪ءߣеĺɭȻ֮ɫȴŨһɺĴ˷ܵƾǵʵȫЩСҲõй¶ˡ
һ̾ٶ˵
֪ıԣɱԣ֮󣬾ͺ޲ɱˣ֮ǸӣԼܹȰġ
߰ɣȽ֮Ԩ˵
һӣһ𣬻һ磬Ϣʧ


646 һ
Ƭƺޱס
ϫ˷ɳһʱ䣬ԼĪʮɾ룬ûеײ
ط˶ԣͿԷɳʮ֮⣬˵ĪĲ֮ԨڣƺɱķҲòСŲ
ܣѰٵʿټϾƺ̫󣬶ѡ·ֲֻͬὥнԶ
ţ
Ϊ·ͻȻֹɳ
ǰ·ϣž޴ޱȵǳѭֻһֻһͨķ϶ȻҪͨһ϶ȴΣޱȡ
ΪǳתԴһɺƴ֮໥Ħһװľ죬㡣
ҪһСѷͨССģһ໥Ħϯ˲ͻἷѹ飬ɻҡ
ط޾籩ͺ⣬Ѱٲɹѡһ;
Ҳ˵ִ֮Ԩðһգһ϶о
ǲɱ⻹ֻڣ治֪ǲ֮ԨУָôźεȿɲաޱһ϶̲ס̾˿
ϫҲ̾˿֮ǰƺʱá֪֮ۡ̽һյ谭
ҲΪΪѡ·ֻͨѡ
ѵִ˵أǷ϶ȻգҲ̸ֻҪСģҲܰȻͨ
ޱ̾ϢϸһĨΣɫһ࣬˵ʦ÷ģҴͷǰߣȻͨ˵صģҲܵ˺
⵹ˣѻѲҡޱЦЦ˵ʱȴǵһǷ϶ȥ
ʦСģ񱱼ˣæȥСں߰令
һﵹʺϳ䵱ʹߡϫӣʼ磬Ҳȥ
Ҫִһ϶ʱҲɽת춴磬ȫֿǳת֮Ŀֲѹ
϶棬Ȼǲ֮ԨҸ̺ܵϢˣޱͻȻϲеѽ϶Ȼʲô
Ŷ𡣡ҲǾһ
ϫ죬Ҫʲôʱʺ
ͣ
һĿĹâ׵һţ
һɲǣҰڣȫǰããһƬʲôһɲڵΣϢֱüģ͵һ֮࣬ʶһǰϣԼһ౩ˣ
Լ񱱣񱱱ػش⧲֮£ᱻǳѭУ׼
͵Ϯ
͵Ϯ
õص㣬öĴϮʱ䣬ǡԼǳƵķ϶֮࣬޿ɱܣ
ҪǣԼȻûвԷĴڣ
޷еľϫսȴǵһ˹ض׼͵Ϯ
ʶأϫȫת֮ۡ춴ǨĿɨ֮ʱ䶼·û
֮۵һ֮һܹԼһУûӶΪԼӮȡʱ䡣
ͬʱ󣬳ſһԻҝ֮ˡ
Ȼһ˿ɭɱ⣬ȴƹ֮۳ϫΰѣʼսҧţ
Ҫ֪ƺУɱһ·ĿܣҪôɱҪôʧ
ϫҲƾ֮ٶȣԼܹ֮ãűܹһſǳѹһ籩ϯһƬƬϮ
һɱ⣬ȻҲܹɱаȻ׷ᣬʵѰ֮ɱˡ
һ֣
̿еĶڣ
̹ǵɱ⣬üĴǿѹȸУóϫ񾭼˼£֮ǰδеƵʷȶХڶϺ¡졣
Ѳ֪ԼεأеͷȫһʵʵɱϣççƺҴܡ

һĨʢϹŽӿ֣һɫǰתݣƮӰ
۷弶Ӱ֣
֮ʣϫѡģֻƥ۷弶
򵥣ֱӣһıݡ
飡
ڶһ˿ȻɱȻûܵκӰ죡Ӱǰ㻨ֽ飬ϸУһɫӰû˿仯
̿ǿĿ£
ɭɱԼϫ׹ߣѪҺ綾ӵϫÿ䡣
һ̣оԼ֮Ϣ
ѵҪ
޷ƵأͷӿԺУʱ䶼·һֹ̾
¡
߶ȽܵǰδеĴ̼ʶУƯŵĺͼƬٿȻɢһ첨
ɲ£еĿ־屻һɨգһַǳ״̬һ˲䣬峺Ȫˮ統ձԵ£ྻϾ
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ü룬Ŀֵġ֮ۡͻȻһƷڹ⡣
ڹ⣬̺һɽ֮ض䣬һɽ򷨵ĿɲϢܹ̿ռʱ䣬һ֣һжһֹľԾֹ״̬
֮⣡
֮һã
ͣ
һɭɱ⣬֮ǰҲڳһ˿ɬĦգ̶ļХ
ָоһˮгζͻȻһƴҪ

һ̺޾ŭɱ֣ӳϫ³´ּ⣬һɲǣһĨɱ⣬Ȼ飬ޡ
ף
͵Ϯ߷һףӰһһһһɱȻ˻һ磬ٿȻʧ
һУ㼴룬˵߾ߣˮһ̿߱ӵ˼¡
͵Ϯ߳ĺܴݣƽŤͷƳһ۳ϫ
һۣҲóϫڿ͵ϮߣȻһߣڸݣֻ¶һɫͫĿвݵɱ
ͨ
Ǵ̿뿪һ󣬳ϫһƨƺУֻʣ´Ϣˡ
ӱ͵ϮڣƬ̹򣬵еգֻбһĨɱĳϫ̵ᡣ
һߣ
һ
̿ͣûо춯صĵûѤĿʽֻһƽ⣬ȴ۵һֿǰĸ߶ȣɢƹ֮ޱȡ
ĴɱϢںڰ磬ӲˣȴµģΪǾζţڳ䲻֮оȻȥ
ϫȻһĨ¶ţϾȻĴ̿ͣôΪֵһ
˭
ΪҪԼ
θԼӶԼʩչɱģ
侲֮󣬳ϫԺвɻ֪ⲻЩɻ½֮ԨԼֻ¶һĨӰ
ͲЦΪ֣ղֻŶܴɱԼȻããƺ·ˣ֮ɨܣҲٷֲһ·


647 צ
쵰ȻҵƨɣϫˣС󣬻û˵ҵƨɣ񱱷һŭУ߷ݣɿһѷӹȻͷȴһĨӰЮޱȵĽâһš
ǺӰĿ⣬Ȼѱһĳϫ
ţ̿ͣ͵Ϯô˵ǳϫԼ񱱷Ӧʱѷһࡣ
ʶһУɫʱ˫ü壬ǲǵǳϫ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ʲô͵ϮϫѵȴѷİޱϲƵظһƬŭ֮ɫ
ȷ͵Ϯ͵ϮߵʵӦüɫǱ֮֮ǰһĻϸ˰ޱ
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ף֮ǰǳϫԼһţԼֻˣ
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Ϊ֮ƣҲֻˡ
侲󣬰ޱסһ̾ϫ˵û뵽Ȼδ֮Ԩϫͻ⣬ֱǶһصĴ
߰ɣϫʦܼ࣬Ӧò˶ǰؾֻҪţӦûĻᡣ
İޱļʾοһУϫѲһصĽɫֵͬ顣
ϫˣὫеϫȫɱȮ
һֳŵδ˵ڣӡС

ʧˣȪħڵþѵһǴȥϫ˵ء
ֻͨȻȴһ޷ɽӲ¾ԨsţƮƾħƽһϢ
ǰߴ̿һĨӰһԲڵߣɫ˫ͫļ¡
þΪ˽ߴ̿ͣ˵ʵû֪ȴһΪĴºšġ
ģءƮ졢׽ǡ̿͵ķӰȥ٣ںڰ֮УԸĿ꣬һɱδʧع
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˵ںڰǱɱ֮ˣ෴˴ɱĿ꣬˶֣Ҳİɱ⡣
仰˵ڲִʱľһ޺֮ˣκκε鷳
ˣҲˣԵüȵĿ¡
ȻľϫʱþеԾѣҪ֪ɾûָʹȥô
þԾǣεȻʧˣ
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һСһͨСһһռŻɲʱӵӣôλµĶ̿ʧ֣
ĵķӦ֤ʵϢģ
þ̲ס촽ʵ֮ǰΪʲôžϫֵģѵʲô֣
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ֱþȻû뵽ľȻԼһ𰸣ѳеƲ⡣
֮ǰЩڴΪΪ֪ԼҪԸĶǳϫҪԼһѣһء
Ȼˣ֮ôȻΪһֽ翵ġֱ
ϫǼһֻ´Դ벻ĻΪԭְɣþЩ档
ӰҵĿꡣĵ䵭Įûκθ顣
ӰҵĿꣿþͫһ׶Է˼˵ֱ㣬Ӱ쵽£
ĵ˵ͷ
þʱ֪ĪĵطҲΪμδʧֵԭ֮һ
ĵĻȻƻ֪ΪΣȴѽ˼š
֮þͻȻЦˣüͷչƺĺãҲã֮ԨҵأȻˣǿԳô˻ᣬ䳹ס
ΪսͻȻʵһֱԵüΪĬϧȻ˿̣ȴѯȻĲʲô鶼Įġ

þƳһģ֪飬סģΪԷĳһͬԻȪħڡ
ΨһĲͬڣĵĴڣֻһɱﵣǻȪħڵ೤ϣҲ󶼲֪ľȻŵӡ
ԷĳĬã˵һ仰Եúͻأ
㰵һֶԸԳɹôþҲеһ˿ͬѰ쳣ķӦʼϫĴڡ
ܡĵͷ
ǾͺãֻϣСӱʧƺУױˣǿɾ̫ϧˡþ˿浣Ĵõһ񶨴𰸡
Ťͷ˵߰ɣΪǿ꣬ˣֻ¶ѵִ֮Ԩˡ
ಣ
䣬ѻһĨӰʧԱ
þ֪ľԼҡͷЦѣоĴ̿ͣŻͦĵģںڰù⣬Ϊʲôأ

ããƺС
ǳѭ³һɹɿֲޱȵʱճϫ֮ϯŰĻ籩ͺһЩҵԪȾҪͳǧϰٱڤĸ֣Ҳᾫƣߣ
ޱȵľУϫȴһö㣬˸ԾǰѰſܴڵ·
ҵǣǻУһ磬µԴԴϵظṩԪҲݵ֧⡣
ƺвϷӵĻҲݽ߶
ԣǰһֱǰУȻ˵ǳת¸޷ȷλȥֻ¸Ҳ·
ͻȻϫͣ壬ңܣüѡ
û뵽ƬƺȻ֮󣬼ֱͬһȻĴͻ֮ͨҲѰٲһ˿
ֲù֮Ԩ֮أƬƺֻ¶ܶɱʿ
ϫૣо˲֮ԨĲ֮
¡
ʱͻȻ֮䣬ǰһ˶ޱȵǳϣһֻɫƬצǵأϫݺץ
һֻצĸָͷÿһܲŲƬӿ⣬һץ֮o̽һֻƣƾһ޿ӵС
ֻɫƬצ֮£ӿʱճϫ׷ɢǧ򣬶һɿֲϢ̡
ԼԼܹǳɫƬצ󷽣һ֪жľޣһǳ̽һɽ޴ͷ­


648 
Ƭƺʱճϫ֮ޱû֪ж̫񼣡
һſŵǳͬ޴󣬺Хѭ֮쫷磬ƴƥĴŰ
и£֪жٿţ⣬Ļ籩ͺϯ˷Ƭƺ׻һƬ֮ء
˿̣һŴϣȻ̽һֻɫƬצգ˺ƹƺبֶ
ǣ
ϫһ¿ֻצɫ̴䣬û붼Ȼȿɲޣ
ֻɢϢ̫ˣ
ޣҲо֣֮һСʱ򣬾൱ĸˣ츳ˣѪͳ߹ǵʵҪǿᣬ¡
һͷսڤ̫ޣԵʮͬʿԭܼ򵥣̫޶Ԫܹͨ˵ġ
ǰͷϢѷɫ̫޵ĽɫҲ֪ʲô磬ǿԿ϶ܹʱճϫȻֲ֮
һɲǣϫоͷһ¶ܵһвΪһֻצУԼ
ˣ
һ̣ûκԥϫȫת춴磬廯ѭƱ߱Ƶ۷״٣ɽӡ
ͬʱӼԼĽһĽУУѹϵƣķʢһպն
䣡
һĨ⣬Ǻӣ£ӭצն¡
ǳϫն۷һư磬Юһ޼᲻ݵĻͻǬնռ˼¡
У˴һӰѹڽе񹂱߱Ƶ£ܻ
һ£ػȶ⼶ڤʿֻҲֻâ
¡¡
צײһ춯صľ죬ѣɽײ㣬ǺɢԲڵŨŨϯһգֳһƬյش
磬־ײƽһǳˣ
ۣ
ϫпѪӰֱӱһɾɳ֮⣬ǱɫǱúȻ
۷һǵûצԼܵ˺
Ҫ֪֮ǱȰѴﵽ˿۷彣Ȼû˺һֻצһ˿һ˵צȰҪӲ£
ϫԸҵǣһδ˵ͷɲޣȴΪӮȡһ˿Ϣʱ䡣
һ˿ʱ䣬˶ͷޡ
ֻһͷޣѴǳվɽ޴ıͷɫƬצ֮أ̤ϣɢŰɱĿֲϢһһͬ㣬أľ죡
Ϊ˾ĵǣѪУһѪ죬ŨҪѪ㣬Եɾ״ɭˣɢһĲѪ֮

һģϫסһʧ
̫źպ֮һ̫ãöɱԣҵĶ֣ؽ⵽ֹ׷ɱֱɱ⣡
ر̫޵ıŰɱģ˵ļأɱĲݡ
һͷѪʵƺ
ľʱϫ֮һɨȴ֣ⷢԷƺһ־˵ٶţ
ͷŵɱƣҲ̺ˮ㣬֮ǰǿʢ
ô£
ϫȲѣ֪ͷ̫ŶպĿֲޣʵֻɾˣȻţ
˵֮ǰһѼЩ֧ˡ
ѵͷޱ޾£ûгԪ䣬ѿҪ;ƿˣһ뵽⣬ϫ͵һ
ȴ¶ֵڱ˥Ҳܹ⣬ܻɣԼһȥп⵽ĴһǾԿ֮
𣡡
ڳϫиͷƵƵ֮ʣǿǳϣһһԾ޴ƵѪӣϫ޾ɭɱ⣬һ˿ȵĿ
һͷ͵ͻȻһֻ㡣
¡¡
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ʱϫ׼ȫȶ֮Ӱƺ˸Ծһ˲Ͷܲټ
һץգʧȥ˵˵ټƺеΪ꣬ΪŭĴצµǳ˲Ҫѵ
Բ֮صƺһƬ֮Уң쫷壬ʱУȻᱻֱӽɱɻң
𣡡
֮һ˻죬һЩŰɱȴ͸һŨŨĲʺ;նһɿɲ籩
Ҳ֪˶ãһвŻָƽŨŨٴֻȴûǿֲӰ
ˣݷˣ
৵һϫӰ³֮ǰĵطһȴҲѰٲһͷ̫Ӱ
ãɫиһĨɫһ̣ʧԭأ֮ǰܾӵǳ
ǿǳϣǹͺͺɽͣɳʯһƬȫޣ˵ˡ
ϫ̤ǳʱʱͿǼԶһ޴ɽǰһ޴ޱȵӰȻ̫
ֻʱȴȫޣûһϢ
ȻˣΪ̫ãѪͳ߹ʵǿƥȻˣʬɿһ󱦲ذ
ϫܣһֱеľϲоû뵽һͷ͵̫ޣȻôˡ
ৣ
ΪԷһϫֱӾնȥ
飡
һĨ裬ֱնʬϣһųʢ𻨣ֻһİ׺ۣȻûƿƤǣ
ɴ˿ɼжǿˣ¾ˣӵеķҲȰֻǿ
ȷˣǱŰɱıԣܵһֻѱɱˡ
ˣϫ߸һĨ΢Цг׷ɣһ̣ǰ
κʿԣһͷѪ̫ļֵ֮νǻǱƤëǡѪ⡭меϡϣԡ
ֵģȴڵı֮ǣ
һϣ̺̫޵һ츳ͨǴⱾ֮ɻ
ңԽ̫ޣ䱾̺֮İԽЩͨжպ
츳֮ͨͨ϶ǰʮ֮У֮
ݳϫ֪̫ϵ츳УͬҲһµĿɲ߱񹦡


649 ֮
߱񹦣
һԴ̫츳˹һʩչ̶ܹۣʵһ
ڤʿյĳɱսͬʩչ˵ߣսôܷӳʮս
̫䣬¾飬¾ƾģֽĿɲ
˹ȻأҲһı׶ˣÿʩչһΣͻľľҪѼʱָܻ
һƵƵʩչ˵ֱ
ǵǿƥǣһҲ޹ʹô˹ǵһɱﵣܵвʱŻᶯá
֮ⱬ߱һŵȱ㶼ͻĵȻľ񣬵ȴԳ䵱ɱﵣΣͷá
ۣ
ϫûκɣŽͿʼʽϵʬ
ѿͷѪֻ´˽£ʵǿƥһ涼֣Ѱȴڣ˵ʽʬˣֻŤͷӴܣжԶӶԶ
ͬͷ;ƿݣһʬκвٲȻͳһܹκʿԴľ޴󱦲ء
Ȼᣬϫܴˡ
Ϊ˲˷ѣóһƿСڵľѪѼһգſʼƤڹǡ
Щ䵱ʦľ飬óϫĶԵüΪ䡢׼ɴ࣬УٲȻһѵʳģ˷һ㣬Ǿ޴ʧ
ЩצݡƬƤëǳ䵱ľѲϣǣʡԼٹȥѼϡ
ţЩѪͬƳϵҩƷʱȻ֮ԺѼһЩܹϴô
ϧڸʧȥ˷⿳ʳǳһֻ¶һܡ
ϫһֽѼֲϣһͷ㣬ɫ˷ܡ
콵ƣ˭뵽ããƺеһǳϣȻһͷõ
ܿ죬ҵı֮ǣƴСӨΪӡŷǺӰĹƣ͸ʥϢ
йء߱񹦡Ĵ壬ֻҪײ򣬾Խ仯Ϊá
ϫƬ̣ͽ֮ĿŵһѪɫŨϡ
Ե־״ɭˣͨѪ죬ɢ޶ĹĲ
λãϡ׭һӲȱּԼһ֣ȴȱһС룬޷
ˣ
ϫѪʱһıɱ͸Ȼӿʶһ˲䣬ϫƿʬɽѪ׹ɭɭҾɲ֮
ǹŨѪɱ⣬צҪʴǣѪҺһ꣬һɱɱ⡣
䣡
ϫһնһĨѪ⽣ֱӽǧ֮һɽһնΪ涼˺һɲľ޴ѷ졣
ÿµɱ⣡ûжκȫƾ˽֮ƣ˿ɲƻ˽ֻ±ȰҪ࣡
ϫһԡɱ¾⡱֮⣬ŽһɱѪϢѹĨɱ⡣
񳹵׻ָɲѪԺвһйĴ˵
УΪ̫õɱսԣļǿһȺãǾѼ
Ǵһ֮ÿѼһںýͻὫ֮ǰõıȥһĿѰٵܹƵһĽ
Ȼ罣ֹǧǧĽǶţëɽ֮ϣиɲĴڡ
һУעһĿ꼫ʵ֡
ˣѼͷҲĿãγһ¹ʶܹѡеĽûһ
ǰͷӴ֮ãȴڣѼһѪ֮ͨ
뵽⣬ϫвƵðһͷѵһɽ
ԣ֮У飬￴޼ȴӦòɽŶԡ
ҡͷ񶨣ɻǣȷţһѪȷҪȰҪ߳һǺεƷ׵Ĵڣ
ңѪҲ͸ͬǷʥ⵽ƻ䲻֪Ҳֻܳ䵱һĴ﷨á
ѪȴˣԶǸܹ⡣
ϫ̽һѪڲȻ֣˽ԳһƬأһƬƺƵѪŨ罬Ϊɲˡ
ˣԺѯһ¾ˣСһ˽黯ԻĹʱھӦûԴ˽˽⡭
벻ףϫԺһѪ𣬴صŻʱһ
ϫ̽Ѱһܣȴκη֣ٳɣ뿪һǳ
ûѰٵ֮ͨԨ·ȻûƺжƬ̡
Լܵ˻񾧵Ϣڳϫ뿪ǳСͻȻ
ϫһ񡣾֪񾧾ǲ֮ԨڣСȻܵϢȻԸԼָһ֮ͨԨķ򣬶ͷӬƵƺҴˡ
ǱߡСȻָϫһ
ߣϫһһ̣ѻһĨ磬ƺܿʧ

ಡ
ڳϫ뿪ãǿǳϿգͻȻɳݹ⣬ٶȼ죬գ۾ǿǳϡ
һΪ˽ӻرڴ˵ڣȴ˽ʱ䣬ڵȵ˲֮Ԩ֣ˣ
ǰǵΪǰǡ컯ѰĪеڴ˵أһֻ۰ԻĹ壬ˣ
һ壬Դ뿪֮󣬾һ޵á߱񹦡ǵҲùֻҪӻڣһжŤת꣬Ȼһҫ
ӰԶߴ࣬⺷ɢһɹɱɱơһ̸Цһǳ̽ѰѰʲôһ㣬ǽ̸Ȼһǿߡ
ţǡ˷ʲôԶ
һ㶣æ˹ȥǰһĻʱһ׻ܣԺһƬհס
һͺͺľɽɽǰبһɭɭľ޴ǼܣǼԱߣһЩѸɱอѪܣҵһء
龰һͷ޸ձɱһһЩûõอǼֶܶˣԵúѪȡ
⡭⡭һһλǿ߶Ƥ۾ţ
һ۾ϳǹǼܾڵģϢҲƭĸ֪
ǣȴ޷һʵԼͨڣûȱǽӻȥȻˣ
ôܣ


650 ֮
ϡ桪ڣ
һǿͨһ򵹣˻͸޾ߺŭ
Ҳ¶ɫĿѡ
Ǵ˴ǰ֮ԨȻҲΪײһײԵҪȴΪ˽ӻڣȻǷѾǧ࣬ŵִ˵أȴû뵽ԼھȻ˰Ƥǰνܵˣ
һ̣Щһǿߣʧȥ˶㣬ʧǣߵ˼¡
ڹ컯ǰɾ֮ڱƺ֮У޷ȡ޷ѡ
ΪǿߣһŬбߣ˵֮ǰѶԣڱ֮ãȻѱ;ƿݱԵԷҵȻǰӼݣֻҪƬأͿػָʵϧջһ
˽ý絶䣬㣬һͷŨܳ裬׿ȻȺһȺ׵֮ɫ
һڣʱ˵ע
зʦ֣˵ҵȸô죿Ȼ
ǰзʦ֣ʵǿģǶıѣҵָúȥδӣҲ׷׵
ô죿ȻǱ𣡡
зǱ֮ӿűɱϢ˭˲ɱڣ븶شۣ
ɭ͸޾ɱһгرй쾡¡
ԣ̫ʱڣ鶼ҵһ壬˳𲻱һ㣿
ҹ۲죬Ӧø뿪ãȡڵıǣɱǶһ츳߱񹦡ֻ¾ͳʧˣ
ҪĻʥǿԻĹʱԺѰǿĽӵնħ֮ؼлһܣֻһʥһаӻĹʱԣԲУ
ǿҲ׷˵һҧгݣϢ壬Ĳ
λ˵ĲڱУԵƬ̣ҾĸӦһֻҪܹڵıȡһ˿ϵȫȷֵλˡ
˵ţз建۾ӿȫʲô
֮
ͻȻĿһĨɭ˷֮ɫüͷ͵һ壬¶һĨݡ
зʦ֣λã̲סʵ
Ӧˡзͷ
Ȼˣзʦ֣ھͳɣ˾һĦȭơ
֮ǰӦٶޱȣȻܹɱķƺкֱײƽأȻһ֣ԸˣҵҪСˡ
зѵҰ㣬˱Ȼǳ֮ԨȥĲ֮ԨУƼǿ֣ҵȶԸʱй¶˷ˡ
һݣԶĬĬͷȷһ©˷˵֪ڱǺʥĴڣǿɾ鷳ˡ

һ̣зӰһΣǳ뿪ǳ

ಣ
ããƺУһ˸ޱȣ˲Ϣʧ
ʦֻ¶ѵִ֮ԨˣҲ֪ѰٵؾûС
֮óϫٶȿ쵽˼£ͷŵ⣬ֱӽ֮Ļ籩ͺƿ첻κ˺
Ǹ̿ͣҲ֪ǺηʥΪҪԸԼһ뵽̿ͣϫоͽסһĨŭûǱֱǾһˡ
´ǵҲζɣϫҧк¶һĨڵµɱ
̿ȴڣһ䶢ϣֱâڱѰ뽫Ĩɱ󻼡
ţ
һ̣ϫٿȻͣ壬¶ݡ
ǰһƬҝܣ͸ʱգ֮ۿԶƸǾ޷ƬܵĻɫ
ܹܵɫ֮УƺһɱǳתҪǿǧ򱶵ӿš
ǰǱǵɣҲͬϰ㣬һ
ǲ֮ԨıϣڴС֮Ŀռ侧ڣϳԴάϵ֮Ԩƽ⡣СͻȻ˵
ô˵ɫ󷽣ǲ֮ԨˣϫȻ
ȡ˲һǣɴһϣصκ˺С
ԭˡϫ˿ǻɫе̫ɲĨɱǿߣðȻ룬϶
ˣν֮Ԩģϫʵ
ڡʱСԵúģƺΪ˵õǲ֮ԨصĻ񾧣ҲԸٳȥˡ
ϫȻԳѣףԼСָ£һ˵ġ·
ԼӵһƲǣ⡰·Ȼ޴̸𣬷˿ɹԼ⴩е·
ûԥһ̣ѿǻɫʧ

ɽعݺᡣ
һƬɫɽʯءһɽɫ̵۾ۡ
Уһ紵ǧϯ㣬ɽ涼иһĿĵѺۡ
ϵֲ٣Ѱ٣ֻʯ϶УܿһҰݣ粻ͬҰݵɫȻǽɫģ羫ҶƬɢ֮һֱ˵ơ
ôĽ֮Ϣ⾿ʲôط
ϫǻɫ֮󣬾Ƭɫǵĵط޴ڵϢӰ˺Ѱֻ»ӦͱиƬˡ
ܻһ·нһ鶼ûмĿֻǹͺͺɽҡʯݼһƬ
ҷɨ絶ŰɭȻػһλͣƥĽ֮
ϫҲòתΪŸоࡣ
񾧵λҵôʵ
ûгҪһʱ䡣СĬãŴҪһЩ׼ڴڼ䣬жɣţöһʵ
˵գСٴţһ
ϫȻҡͷѣС̫ˣ㲻쾿Щʲô
Ȼһͷ޴ݺգ˫һչаɣһɿ磬˲ϢӳϫͷϿӹ
ϫʱֹ̧ͷȥǰôãǵһμ顣
ݱϣ߰˵ӰϫȻһڵߣƺܾȣɫ¶ɫ
һûɣȻ̤ضУ
϶һײİ׳գʲôҲ͸ҵҴܣǿڿǣˣҪҪʬϵıﵱ͹ˡ
˷ЦϾǳŪ֮ɫϫĿ⣬һص޴׳ա
ˣǻǸ·Ҫ˵
ʲôòôһȤİ׳գܴϵõٺôأ̲סַһЦ
Ȼһ̣ЦȻֹһֻδץס裬鴤ѣݱקͨһ棬ˤ˸ʺ


651 
ϣһͷݶȻֹסӰϵļ˽Զ죬֮
֮ǰųϫ꣬ʱſڵϣ۵죬鴤ѣǰȻ忡ˡ
һĻῴ֮ǰԼͬקµģˣ
һΡϫŵϵ꣬ʵ
㡭죬ŭϫ۾ʱȴ̲ס˸
һ۾ĮƽȴһĮϢֻҪΥͽܵǴһ㡣
һ곹ףǰһﲢǸʲôİ׳գһĸ֣ɱ˲գ۵ˣ
ΪֻоѪͻϴ񣬷ӵĿ⣬Ѱ˸ģ²ˡ
һ뵽⣬ϫĿ⣬ѴһĨļɵٲԥ˵ˡؾе֮򣬾Ʋ⣬˵Ӧһӡ֮ĴƬҵȱΪ˶
ϣЩͬʱ۾ţû뵽裬ǵûжŭȻֱһԱһҪ˳ж˳
Ҫ֪ҲǸµĸĸִܵ
ؾ֮򡭡ϫȴ۾һû뵽ԼײȻֱӾ͵ִؾˡ
ǰʱŻ֮ˣ
Żɣ
ԣڵϵ꣬ݱϵǼˣһɫ䣬𾪣ҲлȻԭʮ֮һŻɵĵӣֲãֲð
һɲǣϫĿ⣬鲻Խһ˿ηҲϫΪ˵ãһݣǲġ
ҵһ·ǰŻɵĸͽһ˵ɫˡ
ŶϫЩʧѯ˼䣬ͷ뿪
ͨѯʣҲ˽⵽Ƭ֮УɱޱȣֻжݿշУŰȫһЩ
Ϊ½н⵽һֿµĽ籩Ϯַ籩죬Ե֮£䲻һϯ
һˣʿ֮£ֱӱ籩ߵģ˵ʬ壬Ҷû£ޱȡ
˵֮飬ԶΪǴƬִҲ̽ʦǵ䡣
һϫҲٶය𣬻һ磬Զɳ۶ȥ

ؾ֮Ԩе󱦿֮һƬһ̫ʱڵĲʱ
ԣЩƬ취ÿһƬƬ̺Ĵ嶼Բͬ
ʿܻһƬֻҪͿԽһִԲ磡
͵ԪͬԪǳȡɾѪĵرƣ̷Ҳֻܲһִ壬žҪգȴջ۵С
ƬֻҪ̺ܽĴԲգֵ֮󣬾ԲǵԪܹġ
ǰһƬ֮򣬾һӡ֮ĴƬ
ڡؾлкܶ࣬Ÿǿǰ̽Ѱ
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֪ڿҪӽĿĵˣＫпӡ֮ĴƬһ룬Ķѡ
ܽãԼʵȫԷӳսʱǺǿ߶Ծкξ壿
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кѣҸ˽ǺһԲ֪ˣ˵һ꣬ӢɫưĶͷȻһ֧ǣųɫ⡣
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죬һͷԶ޴ӳ˯оѣͷų񱩿ɲ֮֮Ƭؽҡ
˶ȻɿµϢˣ̫£һ롣

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ƬҶ㣬Ө͸緱£Ʈܻ꣬һ͸С衣
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龰ʵƵˣЩ˷ǿߣǰǷгԹ˿̶ϵһγͬһսߣֻΪץһˣֻǱʦųһġ

Ⱥ۱ŭĴѲ߮һɴ۾ŹκεطóϫʱеѹЦѡ
û뵽ֻ°˼Ƭ˴ĶҲٲðȻжֻ֮ܶڵһضѨУݱܷͷ
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ҲֻеһΪȹ̣Ųв

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뿪ߣѴ̽гϫԾŻɣ뿪ҲӲһ׷ɱ
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ٺ٣ƬҿɲΪ˶Ҫһ޵ãСԼأ
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ɳ죬س룬ŰɳУϿһɽһ
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ص򣬾ɺϢͷųԴ֮İ
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ʱǾɽΧ£˲ʿһȺһȺֲھɽܵҪ֮أϷأԴ
ԶУʱдʿ뵽УҲԽԽ࣬вһЩµĶǿߡ
ڳʿǰɽУȻһƬӡ֮Ҫˡ
Ǵ˴βֻΪ˶Ŀġ
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ٺ٣ٺòˡ
𣬴Ŀ⣬ʱʱɨͬһһģ
ǸֻһһŮеĸߴӢŮɣʿ͸
񱱺Ͱޱ
ôذΧɫҲЩأֱܴۣ޼ɵؽǶ˵˴ᣬжǷŭѡ
Ǻִܵ
޲ɱЩ쵰Ȼ˴ǣ֮һʰǣÿ޵ҾͲɫֱ޵
ΪŻӵеĶߵﶼܻӭ;ĽҪ÷Ҫ꣬ȴ㣬вȣָָ㣬̤ϣǿҵֱ޲÷ɱˡ
ʱ˵ЩкãڳˣͬΪ³ϫʦܣѲںǲǾŻɵӡޱҡͷҲɷһĨɬ
ἰϫҲɿЦѣпǰһֻϫʦǸ˹ʺ˵ļһֵһɹ룬һȻؾֳ˴Ķø֮˶޵üץҲһֱ°Ѱˣĸܱȵ
Ƶ٩ȴǴһĨ壬һԳϫΪٵĽģԴϴγϫһ֮Ѵн˳ϫʦܣûκεĽ١
ϫʦܵȷѰ˿ɱȡޱΪȻ
ǹŵϷһĨᶨ֮ɫʦ֣˴ұЩһԶǵնͼãóϫʦͶһ˵ʦܣҶؽ
ǰʦþãǸʵ
óϫʦû֣ɱȥޱĬã˵һǴһĨɱ⡣
ãô죬һȫսսҲҪʦͳȥһɫᶨԵһһ˵
ʦ㡭ޱһû뵽񱱾Ȼô˵
ȻһЦϵʦòö˵ôֹΪ㣬Ϊ˳ϫҲΪǾŻɣ
Ϊţ
ޱдܴ㱲ѣǰڣǱ˴˭˭˴ִݣһ뿪ţģǾŻɣ빲һپ٣һԵΪҫս
Ϊţ񱱵ͷɫǰδеļᶨִš
ߣƴˣ
ʱͻȻһЦԶʱʹ˵˼̧ȥͼһʩʩȻ
һӣ޳ĳȣʯһǿգͷ˿ںڶŨܣɢǰԺһرʡ
罣ףⱰС˻ң
ˣзһ˿ŨŨɱ֪ˣԱۣǳӵʦܣʵȴǸЬ䣬ԼĶˣĻɫɶĨɱʮ߰˸
ޱҲüһ壬зһĨ֮֮ȫ˴ƭ
ԭܼ򵥣˱Ͼʮ֮һ۵ĵӣټųӵţ֪ϫ֮أҪǰͳϫϣû뵽ǣǰ˵֮󣬾ȻһõȦ֮У
ʦ֣ҹƣϫܿͻǻϣⲻƭɣ罣̯˵һ޹
ʱ򻹽Ʊ磬浱Ҳɱ㣡üĿ磬罣ףˡ
ʦ֣һֻ֣ⱲҲϫˡ罣׺ŭʼ磬˵֮䣬ĿƳһһࡣ
һ꣬ϥʯϣĿɽƬأɢһĪϣƽȴɲļζ
һͷͻһŭȻ⵽ɱ
Ҳע⵽꣬Ŀⲻ΢΢һУȴǲ޾ɫ֪һǸܵΪķӡʮ
һѪҺսı̬Ĵսаܼ֮ͬм˲֪˲⺷ײ֮
䲻ˣȴԼҪܶԷҲûʤ㡣
ô˵жõʦֳӵͬ⣬ܵڣԼҪҵأޱͻȻʵ
ߣʲôϲϣĪ罣һЦѣ٣Ҳϣ˿ʵ
ˣޱѴȷԼƲ⣬Ⱦ£ۡܵҲֽǲˡ
Ȱ˻ʵΪãۼ˵صʮˣвǾԼɱһѪ·
罣Цɨһۣвζʮ㣬˵꣬ת뿪ٲһۡ
һ۵СϣҲǰҫǻƽȮ۰ɫֱ֮޲ʲôҲˣȴɱһ˵
԰꣬һ̣˭ָȷûһأ
ޱһŬеķƺͽǣµȵҲûκϣҲܾôˣ롭ҲҪ˵汳
񱱵ͷƴս׼
ʱţǰ˵صʿԽԽ࣬ѿǧ֮޲ѲھɽܣʱʱԶǽԶڵʲô˳֡
գҲǱԽԽţ
Ѳ£Ǹӻ
˵Ķһˣòͣñ꣬ޱ˵ĿⶼԽԽ


656 ɱ
ɽ֮ǰ
ǧԲͬǿߣֲܣޱذΧС
ֱˣСӵȷǸǻȻ˶ץò˾̾
Ȫħڵþ˫ָƮ裬ȴͬһʯ¾ԨsţһǬ֮ɫ
˺ܶࡣһ࣬ϢصġġӰУɭ
ǰһ࣬ԽҪСϵı˰١ս⣬ѶȾԽ󡣡þпԸǰһĻҲеһѹ
Ͼڳǿ̫ˣ඼Ϊ˳ϫϵĴƬҪץԼУѶ֮Ϳ֪
Իˮ㡣Ĭãٴοڡ
⡣þЦģ˵Ҫİ
ûж˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
þЦˣɫӿһĨǿţĵİ绢óϫҲ˼ա

ܹӦǸɱڵ֣ڳ߿һǿз壬оâ˸˵
̫ˣץסⲣҷǽƤٴɣ
ԣȻȾָڵ壬Ҫʮ
ΪҪĻûʥڵıǣá߱񹦡ʧˡ
ǿ߽Զһ񣬱ȭƣ˸űɱϢ
ţзʦ֣˵ֻ᲻ǾŻɵĳϫһǿͻȻʶʲôɲ
ϫзһɫһ䣬Ļǿɾ̫鷳ˣڳôǿߣһϫУǻʥڵıǣ
ĵȴɣͽǳϫĻ並һ֣̳֣һн䳹£
ãзһҧ˵ɭ޾ɱ⡣

ģϴαСӸһһţһ˲أһΣҲҪɱˣ
ˣҪǵĴƬɶСӣѽ֮ǿõˣĻٵȵڣ
ɱˣѪծѪ
һ࣬ţһļǿҧгݣĿ¶׹⣬ɱڣһ뵽֮Ǿ÷ζըֱ
Ϊţһ˴ǰ֮Ԩ죬άȴһֱĬʵͬŭ޲ðѳϫǧУֻһŭѱУֻȳϫ֣ͻ᳹ױ
ĶԻɽÿطΪ˱ΪƬΪ˶Լʥȵȣһ㡣
֮һǶó׼ֻȳϫˡ
Ȼʱȥãϫȴǳٳٶ֣һ˿ѶûУڳ˶ƺͲ͡
ٺ٣Ȼ֣Ӿλ˶ݺһͲűȲǳϫ
ͻȻһħڵǿ߰ĿƳ˰ޱĿ޼ɵǾ˵ĽѲ¶̰аĹ
ʮ֮һŻɵ֮Ůܰڿ£ζָ
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ϰ뱣ʦ֣Ұ;鷢йɣ
Ƿ뱣ҪȾָǰޱħڵĵӽԶ岻ѣɫ˷ܣޱĿҲ̰޼ɵ֮

񱱼ˣȻŭһħӵܣȻҲԼŻ֮ˣֱ̫
ޱɫһһӿɱΪŻɵ֮Ůܹ˲ڮ٣ҲǶ
ģЩħڵⱣЦѣеĻĲ˼¡
罣Цѡ
ʮʯ޶ԡ
λʮŵĵӼˣҲĮģ˻ȤפԹۣǵģ񱱺Ͱޱûɣĳ˹ȵס
ɣˣһѣүŮϹ¯࣬ʳ֪ζղܣ
ܵħڵķ뱣⣬ЦžҪ԰ޱ֡
ͬʱ񱱺Ͱޱ໥һۣԶ˴⣬ɫȻƴҲҪɱЩ쵰
Ȼھһ֮ʣ䶸
ԶУشһɱ֮ƾһ仰ͱ
羪ף𶯾ʮأڳÿ˶С
һĿע£ǼԶһεӰ忡裬ƮƮȻ
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һôޱΪʲôҪءһӰޱһ㶣ижֲ֮࣬һĨĵǡ
Ҳûʲô𰡣һҲ̫ԼˡǱԹȴӿһĨů֪ϫ֮ô϶ΪͰޱβݺ͸ж
˲ͬڳ˼ϫֱ֣񿴵һ۱һ㣬һ˷Ħȭƣ
Сˣ
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ߣʲôƨģҿǱǼĴƬģοƾһҲͬţֱǿЦ
һӣŴƬľɽ֮ǰΪϫĵ׷ˣÿ˶ε¶̰ɱ
ϫԴˣɫƽĿÿɫɨɫеĿ̰ܺУӿһĨ۽ɱ
ΪɱԼȻԼͬΪҪЮ伫ֶΣֱѱ޳ܵ˼£
ϫϴ֮ҵĴƬʹһţһ岻ӵ䣬˳𲻹죬ɣ
ͻȻһţһĽά̤ն𣬾ȻǼˣȳɱ˹
ЦϴǳҲ͵ϮңûƬһңѪˣϧ
ϫӱ絶Хķǰһһλ߾¡
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һƼ򵥵ȴӿһεĳ̺ˡ߰壬ά˻δǰʱͱˣУһܶ
ճ֩ϵļֻӬһ㣬ƾ޷龰֮
󣬳ϫ̧ͷ磬ף³һ֣
һ֣ƣŭ⣬ά⵽һشңžѣѪɸҳ鴤ѡ
һǺεȵֻ̤ǰһͽס˽άˣ³һ֣ͽȫشˣ
ֱѿҪ⴫˵ǡԳ桱߷ˣ
һղϫϢά˻ָɣȴ̫أֱ׹棬ʹҺѡ

ʹͷ֪˶ٸά˾ѰŰеĳϫ㣬־Ҫ
ৣ
һƥĽͻȻƾն֣һĨһɺѪԼһѪܵͷ­


657 ɱ¾ȼ
֮䣬ţһλǿ߸
һĻڳˣţһǿ߿ɾ߹ɱȣ񣬻δϫǰͱһȫˣ
ԭЩһǿзĴ£һʱɱϫȴţһͷǶΪơ
ǰһĻȴһˮͷϣǽס˺нԶҲѡ
벻ŰûһȻѳɳ̶ֳˡ罣ƤһԶľӰгԾ֮࣬ҲһŨŨļʡ
Ҫ֪̫սǳϫĳ֣ս걮һλã罣׵ģ
ʱȻϫѹһͷȴδϣϾֻǱѣΪҪȳϫϲֹһ
ڼϫ֮䣬ȻţһǿϤȫβ𾪣ҲɲϣԼѾϫԶԶ˦ںˡ
У˴ȴʱ뽫һһɳǻ˵ã罣˸֮䣬Ѵע⡣
һ̣ڿն𣬴λͬϫȳ棬û٣ҵȵĻԵʮ⣬޷졣ǰǲĴʱڲ֣ʱ
һ㶣ʱ֮ǰһĻѹ
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ֻһ˶ѣڳǧԲͬǿߣͶĺʱ
ֻҪɱϵƬɾͳ֮ˣԼȥӶϷ֣
Խ룬ԽǿܣбһŨṴ̃ȡôĦȭơ
֮෴ϫ罣һԸԼʱвЦѣǴ߲亦
ɱɱ˴ϵĴƬǵˣ罣׼˷Ӧǿң߲һĨ⣬ɿ
£ͳ׵ȼǲƵ̰һҲ಻ס
䣡
ʢϼֵͨѻҽʢֲһȺǿĻĹ麷Ȼ֣ǰɱ
ʱϫҲˣƥϼǬ£֮˸һԾȺУֱɱ

һɲӡѻصӵΣӿǰƶȥ
۷弶ڤƣ֮ǰͬ˿̵屶һƬХųǰϯȥһﲻƵơ
飡飡顭
ѪŽӭʮǿߣֱӱǿɲ飬ѿѪģգ׹档
һ֣ϫûκγɣ٣Ͷ֮䣬ʩչ壬˾һ׶ӲȺдһѪͲҺ
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ӵϿͻ֣ᷢǰһѪ꣬ŨѪȣķѵʬ֮ŨҵѪȾ졣
屶֮ǿǳϫĸ֮Զ춴ĹģǷųŻκˡ
ʮ۷弶Լ⡷еͨǰʮ֮Լֱۣ֮һȫװɱ
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УϫָأƮ֮Ӱ˸ݣ֮ÿһ˸ܹ˲ư㣬ܿǵصĹơ
֮֮ܣƵƵˢһЩǿ⧲еһЩ̺еķˢȻһѷۣǻ̿֡
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һУϫᣬֻһͷɱˣɱЩ伫ıСˣ
Ƿǰû屶սһĻֱԼ⵽ĥѣʮа˾žͻ䵱
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˶޷ã̸óɣ
ԣˣЮ屶սһǻŭͷŭϤк˵ϡ
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ϫȣ羪ԨݺأһѧϤɱͷŭУйң񣬴ݿ࣡
һʱ֮䣬֮䣬Ѫ֫׹䡢ҺʹĲҾ𺳣š
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þԣҲøһĨݣǳϫʵ֮ǰܶܿĵĴɱ˵ڵøˣ
Ըмɰգþһʵȴ˼ϫڶ̶ʱ䣬ʵǣ
ѵѽ°ߵĴƬϤˣ
һ뵽⣬þԼҲƲһδ̫˼ˣǿƬڶ̶̼ͱ
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þȷȻͻȻ֮һϫ°ЩƬʱһֵĹ򣬾׽ǶУòϻʲôرܿЩƬɣ
Խ룬þԽоͲ˼飬˼ЩˣʱѾ˴𰸡
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仰þʶ˵һ仰þ֮࣬ҲԾ
ڶԷƣ£ľȻ˵ֻ߳ɰգ
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þ΢УһĨ絶âѽϫԴٲκεӺʹ⡣
һҲڵȣȳϫߵʱһ£
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ϫ̧֣ķ𣬽һǿķɣŤӰһʹһɱȥ
ȻʱͻȻ˱ȣϫ屾ǣҵߣ
ϫŤͷͿһȺϢŰƥǿߣΧ£һߴ࣬ý¶ļŰɫĹ
һȺĹе飬ûв´Ӧһġ
һɲǣ֮ǰƺһǳһͷޣԼһŨѪĽı֮ǡ
ߣʲôǣ͹ϫߣ䣬ͬʱּ̧һѪ־ͳն˹ȥһ㶼


658 ˾
ϫһԲϣʹ֣һһʥԸԼз˲Ѫ
̫۸ˣ
Լһһֱгر£ԼòֻڵıǶѣһȻܾûУֱӿɱˣ
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з˸о̫ˣȻ˱һ˻ݣ˶ֱ׳ضԼºֱ֣޷ˣ
ŭŭԳϫɱһз˿һ㶼ҵȫɵʩչԼľС
Ϊǿ֪Լʥжôǿ󣬵꣬ʥ˵Ѫ
䣡
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ֻһ˲䣬з˵Ĺƾͱ߽⣬ǶܵĿ죬ֻһҪǵǶǲȻɫ䣬Ȼѡ
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Ƿһﵽˡ˿ǵȳ߾磬Ȼ̺Ϊɱ¾壡
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һȻһĽޣзȻ֪ƾǼ֮ѲǳϫĶ֡
ԣȳϫٴζ֣ŤͷߣȻȺУƶС
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˶ʱ𾪣ͷҲ̫ɲˣսʼ񣬳ϫңδκ谭ٲȻһɨϣɱ˷ƣǿף
໹ΪɱǰǿߣԶסֹѵĭǲǸõͷܣɶ˻֮ǰЩ˵³
һʱ֮䣬ϫȻһյش˸ǰˣ
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ȷʵ֮ػԿʱǿ
ޱתŰһԡѪսħ޷ӰĿз˵ڳΨһһ֤ϫǿˣҲˣеҪ˸Ϊǿҡ
ӼŻɣϫչֳ˵ķɣÿζ˲ãÿܴһ漣
·ƺûκܹ赲ĲֻܳΪĵʯߵøߣߵøԶ
ҲְɣϫΪǶս޶ԣĿ磬ӿս⡣
ߣҲԴеĿ棬෴屶սսҲֻһ֮ңȫܹ˼֮ˣһֶֻĹ
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ϷãαҪһأ
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Ψһ˰ĵǣʮƲûΪǵ˼ֻǽ˴Уûɱġ
ȴΪϫʮ֮ļһһ໢񣬳ϫֻҪΣˡ
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Щǿ߼ˣŵðٲɣͷӣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ㣬ֻ޵ȡ
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ϫȴ򶨴֮Ȼ壬˵ûѷ罣׵˵ķӦϡ
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Ҫ֪ڵĲ磬ʱʱ̶̿ӿ糱ˮ֮ǲĵԪġ
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罣ף治Ƕ
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663 ɱ
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ϾڵʵԼսϣ˶Ѵﵽͬе۷УҲռκαˡ
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ǽԶһսϫעΪһɷ籩ϯأ򣬳ΪŵĻ⡣

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ǾͺãһΪѹһˡϫӣҲЦѡ
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ϫ˿ǰɽҰĹͭɫϴҲеһͷƤ飬ԼȻӵв磬ݵĳԪݽߵ⣬һѪɷ֮ͷԣǿɾ鷳ˡ
Īˣ˵ǲ֮ԨɲӵвһƾǣͻصԼĵûʲôЩ̫ҲΪġƿϫĵǣСѵ
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죡䣡
˼ˣҲһ಻סˣһǧѷĻᣬһʧȥֻ޷컯ˡ

ȻǶһҺЩȳǿߣ׷ϳϫĲͱͭϴûһ˲ʬ޴棬ʧ
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һĻ˶ʱֹȻѣĻ뵽ЩϾȻǻһһݹ⾴˳ޱȣһЩ˳֣ʱͱһӣײкɱһ
һ֮˺Ȼֶ֮࣬ǰվɥޱȣ֮ǰԼܺ£һ¹ϵͿɱܿЩ

һݹ⣬Ȼǳϫ
û뵽ԼͭϴһĻȻǿ˶ͷ
֪ЩϴԼв֮ʱͷٷɳۣɶ˰ʱ䣬ǰҰŶʱһ䡣
ЩƺƵĹͭϴʧˣȡ֮һֺ롢ϡƴؼ޾ˣɢһɲصĲɣС
⹬ɹľͨһƬƬ֣о
ԶȻ컯Ϊصڡ컯ˣ
Уһλ̫ǿ߾ǽ²У컯֮У޾Ҳ֪˶ٴǰѰ١
ϧȴδһ˻䴫УҲô˵Եأ˶ڲ²⣬εܻ䴫У
ʰһ֪£ҲܸȷĴ𰸡
ʱĴŽգǰȻѾŲӰˣ
ϫеһȣһ·ǼΪǹͭϴֶӴ󣬼ֱһƬ㣬ԼҲƾһϢܰȻִ˵ء
ڣȻѴǺƵĹͭϴִ˵أβ˾棿
ҲԼִ̣ܹ˵صģֻҲиؼϫ˼ϾӲƴֻ¶ᱻС
Щ˾ȻܹǰִͷȻСˡ
ʵҲȷϫƲִǰЩ˵ģеʱͻȻˡ
ǰԼĪʮǿפ㣬ɵħҲлĹе飬Էֳ˲ͬ˴˻ţγɶŵľơ
Ȼ֮֮ܺƽദԭ컯ĴŻûпܳһĻ
УϫȻ˱۳ӡܵĽիŵȻ˵ӰʮŲֱͬվͬλԱԼһǿΧƣǹ£ԵĿ֮
ĽիŵȻԣϫһ۾ͿȸӰ
ˮϵĵӣҲ̫սʱһ£ˣ˳ϫС
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龰ʵ徴ֲҲ˵ƣʮšħǻĹ壬˴˶ңңţγɸݾ棬㶦㣬˴˻ٶЩͻ;
Ѿ˽컯ˣҪץʱ䣬֮ſֻʣһʱˡСͻȻѵ
òЩǿ߽ȥ˰ɣϫһݣջشĿ⣬ʱδ컯Ϣ˼ԶӰС
пܣ֮ǰ׼ɣһδŻһʱ䣬ǧҪץסˣһٿ֮ˣһжˡС
ǰģ˴ΣҲҪȡһ񾧡ϫһ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫ
˵գһĨ磬ǰȥʵȻηڳκˡ
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ݹƿգʱǰһĿע⡣
ϫô㣿ȣüĿ续㷢٣һŭŵõ壬ȶˡ
ôѵҲ𣿡ϫƳһʵ
˵ʱڴǰأȻԵùģǿγĶԱȡ
ЦֻЩȰˡ
ϫ˶ԷһۣҲơ
ͨķӦȷһ£ʮԸԼ飬Ȼ֪ڼԼʱе˾ȡ
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̫սʱɱˮϵӵܣɥ֣
ŵȻԱߣȸҧгݣоԹ֮ɫʦ֣Ҽҹ۵ֶһҪ𰡣


668 Ż
ȸеԹ˭óڳ˴಻ϵóϫ˭ηʥԣȵƳոյִһۡ
ʦдֶΪȻԴ
ŵȻĿ⿪ؼ䣬򽣱ӿһǧˡ
һ̣ĿϫĮѣ˭Ľի֮ˣлһᣬ°ҿʹһЩ
͸ɭȻ˵ɱ⣬ڳҲ࣬ŵȻĽիľޣ佣Եء
¶һĨŹ֮ɫڱƸ߲ϫȺ۵ĳ棬Ͼ׼֮˶ҴʵѴﵽͬеĶС
һλŵȻȻһھ˹е̫Եˣǽ
̫Сˣ
ŵȻȸԹֵضųϫҧ˵ҽ飬ӦǧСӣӡ֮ڣܶ尾ó
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ЩħǿҲȻû뵽ĽիСӾȻôݣȲпֶΣֱɱ˶Է̰ٱǧ
ŵȻͬüջǵͷֻҪԹǾˣǵΥ棬Ͱ˵
˶ԻʼնûѳϫŽУָ߸ϵĸ֮ɫȻȻһյԽУڴһֻ׸ϣô⡣
УϫһֱŶԷɫƽֱŵȻ˵꣬ͻȻЦˣЦȴǱ֮
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ȻֹһֻסѼӣһζǿˡ顱һֱӱ˫ȣڵء
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ڳһ𣬸ܵӳϫϣӿһɿɲ羪Ԩһɱ䡢Ľζ
һһ̵ĳϫ֮ǰڱƸ߲ʱҪˣ̥ǣһ˰㡣
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ŵȻͬû뵽ϫȻ˾Ȼ˵־Ͷ֣ԼƤ½ȸѹֱǳĴ
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ľĴţȻͷų貹âɣڣͨ
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죡ôһҺ
һĵŨ˱ǵڴ룬Ȼһˮء
˴ʱͿˮصģȻǻҺ̬Һ
ӲӵҺɢ㣬Ũƽڻ֭Һ㣬ðݣ֮䣬ӿ˿˿ƵĴϢֻҪȥһھ𻯳һ

ַɣ޲һʱ֣ȿֺȥȡҺҺ壬ֻһζһʯ
ϡޱȣҲޱȡ
һӵҺŵ綼Զһһˡ
컯ĵ̣һؾɱȣ֮ȻҲǾޱȣֵ
ϫҲˣʩչ壬ɴ̽һץһͷ̺һ㣬ֱӽˮеĴҺӶߣ֮ࡣ
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̰ᣬҽ˰಻סֱӳϫ֣ҪɱҺΪС

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ǰ¡һǼɳȥѪֹϫĿͬһһ㣬д֡
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ΪҪǣ˵컯̲̫಻֪ıʱͳϫΪѣҲΪǣһȣǿɾͻ֮ӡ
ܿ죬һӵҺͱϷһգԭŵգҲ֮ࡣ
һܣŷ֣ڴܣȻųǧϰٸŻһԹڣۻң֪ôһŻ롣
öŻҲ֪һͨλ̫ǿߴ֮صģüеЩ޲ߡ
кѣ治ѽȥֻϸӦضԲµһ˿ϢСֹ
棿ϫ̧ȥǱ۵һӣڳ࣬ղŵĻǴ˵
֣˻֮󣬴ɫ糣֪һ
ѵЩУе֮ӣǰ컯ϫüоԼƲ˾Ųʮ
֮ǰĵһϽϢԲȫŰ֣ϫһˣԼľУж˵һǿߣһ붼ͷۡ
ʵҲԣһֵıأֻ¶ᶯģοǵ档
߰ɣ
ͻȻ߷һĨ֮ɫƸӦʲôܵڵһǿߣֱһŻȥ
ʱ·ҲˣһȺȺ뿪ǰǲͬŻת˲ʧ
ֻ֮䣬ټĵУֻʣ˳ϫһˡ


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յĴڣֻʣ³ϫһˣĿǧٸŻ϶Ƭ̣ʵǰҸѡĸŻ
ĬƬ̣Сûлش𣬶Ƿʵ֪̫ʱǰ˵صжˣ
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̫ʱڣϾ̫ңԶңԶһ˵Уһ£һƬĻҵ
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ʵ٣Ϊ̫񣬲֮ԨҲֹֻζѡ
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ڶγʱǡħ֮ٽ٣ݺţµħһ壬Ϥ٣ʷУԺѰٲһλħᣬǸʱڣֱĹʱڣ̫а¡
γʱ֮ǰȴ̶ֻ̲ʱʧھܽСԵʱһλٴͷĴ߽٣Գֽ֮Ԩӡ
ڣǲ֮ԨĴγ֡
Сƽûи飬˵һ޹ؽҪС£ڳϫͷɢ
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ϫʥħһͨĴڣܲһһѣοܿܿ飿
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ϫૣ飬ԼңԶɵʱ˭ܱ֤Լ
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仰ƺƽС˵ȴϫܸое㲻Ѱһĸоݡ
ʣԼ˲һˣջӲס֪СǲԸ⣬ԼʣֻҲõκδ𰸡
֮ԨҡĪ˵Լ˲һĥϫ̾ѡ
߰ɣв໤ЩŻУѡһ룬һֱǰУͿԵִ컯ĺ򡭡
СָνǿߴУȴ޷ָ㣬ϾҲֻܸ֪񾧵Ĵڡ
ϫһŬԼѹŵ˵ͷѡһŻȥ

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ϫһЩ׿ܣͭףọ̈̄Ͷֳָ׶У繳桢ȵȡ
Ϊ˺ȻǣЩ׿ϣһ̺֮ķģаԵɢǿޱȡ
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Ҳ֪ѡŻУǷ˶գϫͻȻ˳ӡŵȻЩˡ
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ȴǿյģֻλãһʯϰһЩ񱭣ԶأһͲǷ
ʱʮӰжԾ壬â䣬Զʯϵ񱭡
ս֮Զƴˡ
ϫִ˵ʱҲһĿзһĨȣʯϵ񱭣ӨӨܾȻйԵޱȡ
УһľɢֻһڣóϫѪڣѪӿ궼ЩƮƮȻҪѬ㡣

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670 Ų
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룬ǵȾ磬ʲôòõĶҲһһʥҩһЩ
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ʮλǿߵĵײһ𣬽һƬʢĹâУããһƬ
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Һã˵컯ܲƣػƬʹ֮ʼղ࣬κһطֻ类ɱϡˡ
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˺Ȼλʮ֮һ۵ĸͽʵȻ;ףֱ羪˼䡣
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Ȼһʦ񱱶ԶԶ㣡ҲǾŶһ忡ˣһʶһ㡣
ˣݽ̣鶼Ҳ̫ˣȻһ֮佫ŵȻͳӶˣҪ֪һǸ콾ʵǿᣬ֮֮ͬƥߣ
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Ҫ֪ǶʮѲޱȵľУҲԱʤϫȻܣζűʮҪǿ


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ĵȴǳһй¶һ仰Ͻͣڳٴʶ˳ϫǿ
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ൣģֻܷӵɾʵٶͻᱻǶǶԣһ޷ӱ֮ܵ֡
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676 Ʋ
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ȻͷŵϢȴ˵ĺƥΪΨһļƾһСηĸо޲ùĤݡ
ϫֻ֪һ޹Ӱʵ֮ǰӣͻ佫ˣȻҲδϡ
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ȻѾܸܵԶһؿռУȻҲ̸һԵǰһģһ

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µѣ˴ѰĻԵȻԿˣ
ҵȶǻСͷµȫҵ塣
ԣһ񣬺Цʾá
ҲǹЦȴЦѣҵǾرЩ϶ҶռˣĻţǵĶţ

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ܿ죬ͷˣЩɱ̫ǿᣬػ̨ǳԶΣ˵ɱһʥҩû̵
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Ȼ֮ŶȻΪԵ׼رˣȻҵҲ߲
һڵǽʾ֭˼ƾ֮ǲŲʹ뿪뱦ɽջأֱݰ
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678 ˼
̨һ֮࣬Уһعһռ䣬ǿ˿̾С
׼׵𣿡
壬Զ̨ϵһͭһУҲһĨļ
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ˣҲеţƤǴ˽ǣ˵ǴһС߱ޡǿϰ롣
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ڣƵģһΪ˼⡱󷨣һɣһɱˣҪȴܹƳֿɲƣ
Ǵ˴εĿ꣬Ǽ̨֮ϵͭҪȡҲֻƵܲĿ½ơ
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һ࣬ϫڼ̨ƫƧ䣬ѵõСָ㣬ǿߣͶڼ̨һࡣ
˵ԷʵǿᣬҲη壬СڣҲȥġ
ǰǾǻ񾧰ɣϫż̨֮ϣһȭͷСĺɫʯϡ
һ龧ʯŝں貣Ʈ꣬һֶصıԴϢ·Կٵ֮
޸һСƣΪˣϧ̫ϡ٣˼Ҳֻ֮ԨѰٵС
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Ͼǿ˵ʵֻܷӳɾˮ׼ҲΪܵӰ죬ױʵ֮ɶѶá
飡
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С໤һҪ
ףһССڤʿҲܵҵһһö͸һĨȻ
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жʱͷһĨɬǳʦֻһܳɹ;ɱ·
СΪ˵ͣȴִ֮ܵڣڼ̨һ࣬Ȼҵ֪̽ǹŹ֡
ŮӣȻȻش˳ϫһۣĿ䣬Ҫܰ㡣
˵Щ֮˳ŽйŹ֡ϫһת춴磬ƺָܿ
ЦЦȴǲϫԴеļĿһƳǻ񾧣˵δʱеһ鱾ԴʯܴӼѡһ㲻
ϫ죬ĬȻԣȴڷɿСǰô˻ᣬסȥȡǻ񾧣Ȼٳ׽ˡ
㡭𣿡Сɡ
һԣô֪вУϫ͸һĨᶨ;Ȼ
ãֻҪһһֽȻС˵գٿȻһĨ⣬ǻȥ
ţȻƤˣУһ䣬һӣСϯȥҪɱ
ˣ
Ȼ֮ǰһɲǣǼ̨֮ϣԭžףٿȻһܵٻһ㣬¡
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˸㣬ҵĿ׶ѡϫЦ̽־ͳǿץȥ
һ£Ҳ˲ýɱСִ̽һڹ⣬ֱɱϫ
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飡
ʵ̫£Ƹͻƿռޱȣƿ£ϫӦ˶ɳȥѪⱬ˺ۣ˲֪ٸ
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һʵСȻϷŪңңͷ֮ޣߣ䣬ɱ⣬̧־Ҫɱ˳ϫ
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֮ǰһҪҺãΪ㹻ǿֻҪԪ𣬶Ѫټв֮Ƭ֮ƾͱȹסڿϡ
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ϫģСѶû񾧣ò˶ã۳ɲʵɱǿߡ
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һĻϫĪһĨƸУƺоͭȥᷢʲôҲɡ
ս⣬ɱǧ磬ʬѪƮպССҲҰĪ˵Ľѵ
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ȴһɫ
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ͨ徧ӨתԣԣܣƮǧ⣬ϼƷУһֺΡ룬Ϣ
źǣڶڴȴһȱڣһ覴ãˣǿ֮еһ˿ȵΣϢ
˵ɫ̫£ͷųϢǸеĲ
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˭ǵļƻɣ屩ȣ˫һ񣬱ڹ⣬۳һƬɬŤͼСɱ

С³һ֣һɺƥԣϯ˺նݺݾϡ
һ죬ֽ㣬ҵû飬ɫѪҺɽգȻһ֮Уͺˣ
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ʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰƾ˼󣬿¾ʮ棡ڣȻСһͺɱƬһĻѷܹݡ

һĻҲͫȻţ¶һĨȻ֮ɫͻȻɱ񶦣Ȼӵȿµʵ
׵Ͼ͸һĨȻʲôһ
⣬׼ͨ飬һħΪҽһ񣬻ΪСһɬĪĴ³
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿ˾Ȼʼȼһɳʢ⣬һƬѪ֮С
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ѪٿȻͣŨͬʵʣݣʲһɹƵаһֱӾͽͭѹ飡


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񣬾ȻΪ˴ݻͭȻ׳ԼݾȻ磬Լ飬ϫеһ
޷ǿߣǰһǶԣָǺεһƽ٣
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ǹϵļ̨УʱܵĪĳһеʥҩٻ٣̨ܵشҪݡ
ͻȻһƬУһĨѪܻһΰΰ֮Ӱһƾɣһͷ׷ѩ˫ɽب죬Ȼȴ߷ɣ
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ǰֻҲսսı
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׷Цһ˿ϲһ˿ͬ쾪ף¡¡Ƭÿһռ䡣
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ڣ׹֮ţΪ̽ѰΪ˾ȳһѹ޾µİ׷ˣ
꣡꣡
׷ûжֽϱļȴ飬ȻһƬء
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ĸ˵ֻдﵽɾ磬ŽֻȥѰʸ񡭡͵ܵԲָպεȾʵ
ϫ죬үүǰԼʱȻʼ±峺ᶨִš
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ֻҪԼţǰ;ټһҲܴﵽȼĸ߶ȣ
ԽǣԽ
һ̣ϫĵǰδеļᶨξ͸ϴӳԲϾ
ϫ֪ʵκһʿڴˣĿһԾֻҲᱻõʧأص߻ħ
ֿס壬һĥºϴ񣬷øĵõһѵõɱ䣡
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ʵ޵޵ľġģģˣˣʲôʲô
䣡
ʱһ죬СصɳһҡΣɢԶࡣ
ߣ־ܣ׽ڱһߣ׷̤٣˫
Сˣϫ͵һţǿСȻˣ

׷˱ȣ£ųʢ⣬СݺĴ£һ֮£أ
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Ȼؼһ̣ͻȻ֮䣬һ޷ĽϢٿȻƬռڣһжһĪľС
һʥ٣ǵȺ嫵Ľ⣬ѽ컯֮ȫ̺У
컯֮
׷һɫ䣬ܵ޴Ĵ̼һ㣬ôܣһ䣬ôܻţ


682 ڤ컯
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֮ǰݣ߸ϵ̸Ц֮䣬СѹɢһϷɡ
Ȼ񣬰һĨĳ֣ȴˣȻȵȻ޴棬ɫ֮ɫʧ롣
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ϫһ𣬸ɢĺƴ⣬Ժؾֹһۣ컯̫ǿߡ²
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иոոһͷһδ̫ˣ̫ʱѲ֪ж£λ̫ǿѵţ
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һأһƬУһϽܵٻһ㣬ն֣⣬߷ͨ콣
ڤ컯Ȼ㣬Ȼ㣡׷ǶϽǲһŭ𣬴޾Թߺͳޡ
ϫһǶϽԭͻ񾧡ͼƬͭһ𣬰޹⣬޷â䲻ۡ
˭Ȼһʥʶɫر
ΪϫȻǣǶϽȻԼ
ȻҰһ֮䣬һֻϴԼͷС֮ϾȻӿһɿޱȵĽ⣡
֮С֮ͨκ϶ûʲô𣬿ڣΪһɽĴڣʱһڡ
⳹գԨ纣컯Ϊһһʥ̫߳˲޾羴
һƥĽ⣬ԻͶƴ󣬼֮㣬ɢ֮
·ֻҪԸ⣬ϿԵپ죬նǶ¿䣬ˣ
ϫ״סˣⲻһֻԼ񵽵һֻ𣿸òһλ̫ʱںͲȼǿ߰ɣ
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Сҡҡǣ·ʾ⣬һ̣ץסϽǰ׷նɱȥ
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һؿأ컯ǳУХߣǺƴĽ⣬ֱǨ֮
ˣͲ֣Žѹ֮Уʱ꣬ڤ컯Ϊ룬Ϊܽٴѹ
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ȻǣȻټֱֱ̽˺գҪ뿪
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ˣСһնӿնն۵һǰ׷˵İն䡣
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飡
ըѣذ׷ȴɱһ⡣
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飡
һϽͻȻ籬ѣһһŵľ⣬Ʈգޣʧ
ϫʱ;ѹȻһĻ⣬֮ǰ˫ĶϽڴ˿̴ˡ
ԭģһעһ޷ŤתֻءһһֻСϡ
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׷ʧϽ飬СϻһӨСǣһж·ڳţֻļ̨صǽ˵ţ֮ǰ˺εһ֮ս
ôʧˣĬãϫСļһӨСǣǱͼһĨ˸С
ѾȷϣСϾ̫һλǿߣҲ֮ǰΣʱ̣ԼһԼһ
Ѿµ촣ľʱҲܵСϵӰ죬ϻʲŻԼһæ
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ȥ֮ǰֵģֻµһƾӡˡСѻָƽκθ顣
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С˶٣˵Ͻʰ뿪Ʋⲻֻ²öã֮Ԩͽ±պϣʧ䡣
ϫһݣСµһӨϹǣһӦִӼ̨ٵУͼƬ˻
ȷǷ׼Ӵȴûи˿˺һϵģ
óϫźǣһУǼ̨ʥҩԼϽͭѷѼֵ֮󣬾ɶԴ
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ϫͷٴһļ̨תԭ·ء
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յ蹦󣬳ϫ뿪֮ţ»صһ촣ľϡ
ڵҹգŵĴأԼصʬǣûһɻĸо
ͺ֮ǰ֮ţһĶǵΣĵ档
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ľۣ֮֮ǰ
һͦӰƾո֣£ͷǹڣзһȦ룬Ȼ
һ꣬Ƥİ׾ָϸ޳¾ף񾲣֮庮ӡ
ϣȴֳһֲּϢʱٿؿռ䣬תߵռ䷨ƺΪ׼ġ
һƬҲƱðֳ˰ͣȻζ
죡
ˣϫȴȻһ¶һĨأôҲ벻
Ǵ˵е֮ôϧĳݹķɱ֮ĳȥһокر
˿㣬˫ָ֮ţ̾˿
Ŀڳϫϣã̾˿û뵽̶̰û㾹ȻѳɳȵزʮҲĶ֣컯ŻԵ֮֮УΪΨһһȻ߳ˣҶòϣǸдԵţɳȥ˵ܳɳΪһ𡣡
ϫзû뵽쾹ȻԼ֮Ԩ֮жָƣѵظԼ
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οһҲǸ֮˵ѺԼԶģû˵֮ڲԼ֣
ǰǰʯسǣɱʱʹϷ֪е֪ԭʦܵʧ٣;ŻɶسйϵҺͱҲѲĿģΪ˶ԸԼˡ
һУϫУԣʱͻȻ֣˲Ͷ϶һ˴ο϶ŹԼˡ
ϧһӵгɳΪǱʵˣҪˣ컯֮õĸҪҵУڸ̾еࡢˣһ֮䣬ȫ𡣡
ͻȻ֮䣬ᣬ˲䣬һɿޱȵϢٿȻƬڽʸߣÿҶ꣬Х˷Ʋ㶼ôɢ١
һ̣·˱ɱŭƣɫ䣬һ¶Ϣɢͨ쳹أ
ǵҰ֮󣬳ɳвĵزڶԶʧܣŻᰴ಻סҪɱˣ
ϫյñ仯ɻһȴЦѣ̬дŨŨĳζ
ߣұɣɱһֻϻҪ𣿡
䣡
Ȼ£ĳϫͻȻ֣֮⣬ü֮ٿȻأ֮
֣һŨѪĳѸײڶ֮ƷӶֱǰһɱ£
һ£սӵ˼£Ѫ֮Уִ壬׵ơǳȵȺƴ
Ѫһʥ飬ȴѿ˿̱ϫ߾ȫʩչǵʮǰҲᱻһ
ʱ˿̣ϫͺһٵصľˣ̤񷼹Խ޾գһնһء
һ۷һþ˱óʵΪоˣǰı죬Ȼһɷʵֲ֮ܰ˼ĵǿߣ
ԼԣΣޱȡ
ΪһǷҪɱԼɣҪ½Ϊ£ΪܹڶԶлʤҪɱԼ
ϫ֪Լڵʵû취ԸˣҪ֮ƣռȻһ˿ϣĻ˶ϣ롣
̺ϫȫһѪٵ˱ͷһ̣ʱƺֹסˡ
ɱ쿴նɱĳϫ˿ƺڿһСӵߣѪԼͷһɲǣͻȻ̽ǰ޳ƣһץ
ˣ
һֻƣȻץסѪնɱû˺һ˿Ƥ
ȫֱӰʮնһʥȻ赭дһץֵסˡ
ûжҲûжķ򣬶ǽ̽һֻ޳֣Ϊǿᵽһʲôز
ϫһɵֶ
ɣϵˣɣһ֣ʵѴﵽ˼۷壬ˡ
ֻɣ磬ϲԣңھ֮ϣͬ١
֮Ĳ࣬࣬ȫͲһеĴڡ
һɲǣϫףԼͶԷֱ̫࣬ݺ
ñ˽͹ʥ˵ѪϧУ鰵Ͷǽܰɣ
ɫȻ߸ϵľץסѪ޳ϣͻȻʢ֯ɿɲķ֮һ㣬ôѪ档

һ󼱴𵴾أغһµķסˣеǳâȫʧֻʣ³ʢһ
һôѪϣÿһô򣬶͸һɿɲޱȵϫڣȫѪҺң׻顣
ϫˣɣһڵ¹һңʲôҶɫĮȻᣬ綢һֻСϣŸ߸ϵӣܹУԺЦȪˣ
ϫʱ˿̣֪ΣվǰôֲĶ֣ΨóԼɱﵣܹӳ죬Ժһسӡ
䣡
ϫŭڻתԪȼգͬǲӿ֮Ҳȫڳţȼš
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ڣԵǱһɣȻһȴ涼Ҫ£ʵɲ⣡
һ֣Ϳʼȼջ춴ԪҵһʼӶ֮һӾͽΪ׵㱬
ѭڻ춴ʮִ壬ڷͳԦ£ȫת˼£ʮ۷弶Լ⡷еְȫʩչ˳
һϵļתͬһӿȼеǱʶһй˳
һ̣˷ƻһƬĺ󣬺з׵硢ȵȵȻһڣ֮⾳
һѪУųǰδеѪ⣬ѪȾأֳһʥ˷ѪĿֲ
ʥ˲ֹѪ޼Ϊɱ֪䣬ϫУʳһο֣ףѪݺһ
ͣ
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ţȻң΢΢Ծû뵽ϫգ֮䣬ȻƿԼһ֮ٴαԼǰ
ϫò˵ֵܹزʵףʱգҪ˵ɾ磬֪ʲôӣʱҪɱ㣬һЩˡڣҲͽͣ
˸֮к𣬳ϫһʱնɱ˿մǶû
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Ϊ˿ռ壬ճռ䷨ɵֶΣϫĹյκЧ
ϫڵʵնɱ߱ǰ˱սͬǿߣǶտռ䷨ɣǾͱذɡ
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ʱı죬һУڿռ֮ŲƮ˸£κι޷ܵ˺
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ҪҾʶʶɵжǿ󣡡
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һƬ̺֮ۼӡ壬嫡بšࡢΥĿֲϢ͸ϫĵģʧȥ
Һã֮ǰ֮Уĵһ츲صɱ䣬㴿ǱһɲǾ˹
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ϫҪһƬѹ޼£ͷϣƺʮɽһѹΧ޷ֵһĴ죬·һ̾Ҫ֧һ㡣
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ΨһõǣΪΪǿ㱻٣ֻҪԪ𣬾ͿԵѪ
ʱ˿̣ϫҲ֪ȫԪػУǹ˲ˡ
飡飡
ǹѹ֮ԽԽƤѪ⣬飬һѪļѹȥҪ֧Ųס
һֱѹȥҪѹһű࣬ò
ãȻֵֿܵزӵǱʵûʧٸʱ䣬˵ɳҿĵز
˫ָɫĮȻ֮ɱӿϧαɣǸҲ޷㣡
˵ʱ裬ٴѹϫ
ϫʱоѹٴʮֹ
߶ԼĻ춴磬ת޼£һƬ̫ɲһֶã֮еĸо

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Ȼ㣡
ͫһʱϳ񶦣ȻǸ̫սɱǿߵǿĴڡ
ܿ죬ͷ֣񶦵ԶԶûеǰǿһûκι˼ɡ
Ǻηʥգ˭Ҳ޷ɱϫˣһҪ㳹Ϊã
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СĬһööƵķţɢԣԻͶʥĹ⣬ֱӾͽһץ촷ۡ
ãܺãǿıãعɽ磬ҿһأ첻ŭЦȣѴ־ڱص֮ġ
Ȼǣ񶦾ȻͷųһԣЮסϫֱ˺գҪߡ
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ΣϫѱҴݻٵ춴磬һ׵׵ķһԵڵ;֮ʲôҶģ
ǰһɲǣϫϡ֮У˱Ъ˹Ʈ죬˵Ķ񶾡

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һ죬֮Ԩ𵴣ǲؾ컯򡢻Ī֮ţȫȻʧ
ڱ˵Ŀ£̫ӴľɽҲģڻУʧ
²ŵһֵĲ֮Ԩٴʧһοʱ֮ˡ
ǣһѩ͵ĹϳǳأŲ֮ԨʧҲóţǰ֡
ν֮Ԩǿߣһ룬ֻһС˽棬˳ЩУлģҲһõġ
벻˴λģȴܵڣ˵컯У˲ѵһ䣬޲Ǽֵǣ˼ϡ屦ȸԵʵ۰
ۡĽի׹ħڡȪħڵջҲûô뿪֮Ԩ֮󣬾ʹҴҷˣһϲջ񲻷ơ
ߣ˵ջģȴǾŻɵĳϫһ˶ؾƬ컯һɽ˵Ψһһ֮е
Цʲô֮ţϢм٣ҿ˵컯УŭܵڵһһƬ֮أֻ͸ˣ
ƨϫǵô׾
ѵΪţɵˣֱ֮ԨʧҲû֣ʮа˾žˣ
Ȼ֮ԨʧǴСϣŲ֮Ԩзһ飬ǳϫٲȻŵĻ
ƬһսȺۣնɱˣ
̸ɫش̿͡ġΪΪֹһĵĴɱл˵ǿ
ܵΪķʮսһٽܣ𺳵Ϊ֮۷
컯һŵȻͳ֣һ񽬣˫ǿƥ

йسϫʵ̫࣬޲ĵĴɫʣ˶֪գעҪ䶯徴磡
߰ɣʦѷˡǵĴϣ̾˿մעҪ뿪ˡ
˵ĶԣʦܾǶˣָо϶ţһǴһء
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Ӻն񣬺ˮǣ֮κ鶼ҿ
Ȼʱڴ룬ȴһӰڳƼһ沨ϸȥǺȻһӰ
ʪ͸ƤѵѪⱻˮˢòҰ֮ѿѪɫ¶һؽѵİ׹ǣȫ£ûһõĵطƲޱȡ
ϫȫû뵽СԼ˺Ӷݺ󣬵ȴԼľȻһļ׶ޱȵĺûüκηӦͱˮԶһľһܿƵ沨
ˣ;ʯ֪ײ˶ٴΣҪ֧飬ڸܵ𵴶ˡ
ǧٿףˣھ𣬻춴ըޣ˾һݽߣһָͷûˣ
Ҫ𣿿ҡİ
ϫۣȴ֣Ƥ˳أҲʶʱʱģԵһ㣬·һ̾ͻ᳹ȥ
飡
һ̣Դֱײһ齸ʯϣʹģǰһڣʶ׻ʡ

С᯵ĵ㣬ĺ̫ļҪ̫
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ǲϣƶһĻй߶ڵﵽǻҰ֮ɫ⡣
ԶԶأһһСӰ߿
һ꣬ŨüۣüªƤ¶ļһʯӲһڴϵ޽Ǵ󹭡
ԱߣһСŮ˳ںڵͷɢ۾峺ͬһƤ¶һݰĸ첲˫ȡ
ȻŴªƤСŮɰüУ͸һִֵҰԡ
СŮһ˻ߵľͰȴԵúɣŽѾӱߣһˮ
Сᯣɡάɨһļ͵ĺˮĿиһĨǡ
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ά壬쿴ƺˣʱСͻȻгڳ˼еά
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Сһ˽ýǿʢªƤɢĲӢ
жѸ٣һֻѵصʿ˷ڲ޲䡭ûһȥˣ
䣬ǻúöģȴڳ˲飬ûһ˿ͣ治֪飬ŻǱ˶º
ֻʮλˣԶޱȣĿ͸ĹפܣӪһƤ
ƤУһŨŨҩζѬƵģǺ֮һƾɵƤϣʱһˡ
˹ִ󣬵ȴޱȣƤͷϡϡȫǹƵƣĿǶԵò֮
ʳﻹּܼգ˿ڣɳƶͳһ󼱴ٴϢ˺ܵģһͻš
룬һ·ϣҺά첶˲ٹ񣬼ڵʳŻܼһҡ
һŮӹ˵θ߾Ķǣںڳβ¶һűգ̬ɫ͸һɸζ
һ£̫ˡ̾˿ǵһĨǣ֮ٴɳʵǻʣ¶ˣ
ͯʮʮˣлˡŮӴ
𣿡еĵ֮ɫŨڵҲѹֶͳ
Ů죬֪λشͬޱȡ
ĲЩϣΪǣЩˣʲôأૣ͸һŨŨıˡ
ˣǡ֮߳𣿡ŮͻȻ̧ͷĿŴλˣĿк¶һĨȻ
Ī櫣㻹ǵһھ֮µԤ𣿡˵ͳ˵
ǵáĪ櫵ͷҲ֪ʲôĿ±üᶨȻ
ΪϣάһҪúûţЩӳȥһĵطĿϣһĨ廳֮ɫ
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ңͻȻЦˣ¶һĨ˸УһӣҲػһӣȴֻŻƿӡ䣬ҡ氡
ǡĪüҪ˵Щʲôʱ˴ƿ߽һߴ꣬ά
ˣǾĺӱߣ˴ˡά˵ţϵһˣڵϣСġ
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ǲ̽˻һ㻹ΪԼһʬ
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һ˿ά͡
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ϣƵɫһĨȣͻȻӣָǵϵ꣬˵죬ϵ˺һƬҡ
άˣŷ֣ϵܹŹ֣ԼƤȻͬϸỬһ˿ķ
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죬ΣҲҪѴ˾Ȼһųơ·µšľķ֮صģ
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686 С᯲
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ҩˮܿ࣬ϫϸһ£ҩмûҩĳɷ֣ԼһЩҪˮ֣ûô
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ٴӿһĵľʹ۵üͷһţͷһ亹
Ÿоµı˰̣ѾһƤѪƤĤڿݽһƬ˵Ѫƿݽߡ
ڵΪأѣ𣬰޹⣬ڣѵĴأյݽһƬ춴ѱѰٲ
˵ڵһûʲô
ˣά壬Ī櫰̣λˣ
ƤòɰСѾͷһһܳ񣬴УסֻʢҩĴ룬ûһΣ籧һ亱ζ
άĪ櫣ϫüǿŻľʹܡ
һƤ񣬼ª֮ûа裬ֻλõȼһľͷҡҷĹ⡣
һУԭʼϡһζ
нУʿ¹ʯǷˣҲԸ͵
סǷƴֲڵļªƤҲһز𣬾ƵҩôĴª򵥣ô
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ǰ⻰Ǹе˼鲻ɣϾʿĻҪʳ㹻ϺܾˣˣҲòʲôͨҩġ
ڣĪɱ飬оǶԣʳҩĹغеԼֵطƺԼ֪Ķȫͬ
ˣĪ櫣άüĪһ䡣
Īȴ޶ԣϵĵûһ֣ǿִ֡
ǳϫάĪ櫵ĵһμ棬Σ̸졣

ϫѾָһ˿ǿվˣľʹȴɴڣƣҲûһ˿ת
ԭܼ򵥣Ļ춴粻ˣҲȱѪݽߣȥָ
ΨһеҵǣһڵУ֮һ޸ԼǶѵľͽǡ
ò˶ãȫܹжһΪȴǺ޸ˡ
Ͼǻ춴类һȭ򱬣Ѳ٣ͬĨɱĵʱڸû취
ǣܹܵһµĻ춴硣
ϧ֮󣬼ûĸʿܹٴܣҲѰٵ
̫ˣΪʿصĸǴ̤еһʼ͵춨Ļһ٣Ҫ޸ֹ˵˵ôס
죡
ϫ״޵ݶҧ飬ɫˮһУǰݱͣһʮ
û˷غ޹һˣСһͳˡ
ҵΪԶˣ붼룬ֻҪţҳϫһңٴ֮У
ϫһ˿ɫ׿Ҫ٣ʹ޿ܡ
һϫŬԼ侲ȥ
ЩУѴά˽⵽˵ΪġһΪİĵ򣬾ǡ徾϶ûоĵһƬ֮ذ㡣
άǣǾ֮صԭסԷΪ񣬹ǴƺУóϫᵽһֲͬѰζ
Ϣϫȴδ˽⵽
Ҳֻ۲쵽άҹ棬ƺҪǰĳһطÿ춼нǧ֮أֻ¶̶̼ʱԷϢ
һ֧Уֻа˾ͯȴռ˾ÿ춼ڸ·һ㡣
ʱһ֧Ѹһ·פһƬߵʯ̲ϡ
ϫ߳񣬾ͿһȺͯ䡣
άЩСһ﹦Ȼһ֧죬൱ţǿ˵İ
עǵĲѧ֮ǰܹΨһܹõģ
˵ٴˣһѸף磬շľ磡
ԣҪסʽĿģɱУҪ죬ҪݣκԥľͿ㣡
ϫһ۾ͿάڵĶһЩǳݣȻΪ٣Ŀ⻹Ƕúܡ
άʵսӦ÷ǳḻڵЩݣ൱ʵʵãϫоǳ
񣬼Լһ·׿ָʲôϣΪڣϫά⴫ڣá
ʼԼϰôྪôͨȴÿһרģӶܷȫ
ԼҲԳŽͨһ飬ںϹͨԼĶӦûǿ󡭡
ϫǸգԺиͷʱ˳˼֮С
ˣСԺ׼ٸǸʳҩģ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫͻȻһǳ⾪ѣ̧һͼԶطС˫ֱһڵҩԼ
ϧСС壬ȴɫŭݵĪסˡ
ǣǼүүԸôģ˵λÿġС᯵СԴ
ž
Ī̧һƣֱӴһҩ룬ŭˣѾ˷̫ʳҩģѵ˶Ӹ·ѵ˵ˣΪûҩľζɥ
˺ǳ⣬ССһ򣬴۾ˮӯ۵һ
Ī櫣ʲôά˹üС᯻Ǹӣܰѻͷϣ
һȺϰꡢͯҲΧ£ſСᯣԼɫŭĪ櫣ĬȻ
ֻϫĿ⣬ȴ˵⣬ƺΪΪ˵ĳ֣ŻǵĪ櫰̱˷ŭ
ϫ̧ž˹ȥȺסСᯣıС᯲ޣԡ


687 Ȯ
ССſڳϫУڲˡ
Ī櫺ЩСȴɵųϫԼһάҲеͷۡ
ϫڶеʱ䣬һֱԲڴʳСǲٵʳټΪˣ˲ٵҩġ
ԭǵĴ㣬Яʳҩģ㹻һңΪϫĵҲֻټְ¡
º޲ÿ˶ðûиϵĿĵأͻᱻ
άҲΪĲѣ⣬ĪЩΪǷƢ
ϫԼʱĵжĿ⣬ɿЦŤͷάά磬ȱʳʱﲶԣ
Щ죬ȷ˲ʳΪ˲۲ЩʳһЩĩ͹ͷƵŨɴжϣ֧ʳԴŶǴӲлá
㡭ҪǲʳάȻֵֹƳ˳ϫһۣüϫֵܣ㻹ǰĴ˰ɣղĪ˵ĪҪϡ
ȻΪϫ˵Ͼѿϫ̫أǷһ˵ԣ·ѣ
ߣȥԼԸȥҪĪͲóϫھȥ
ˣĪ櫣𣬲Ҫ˺𣿡άüϸһĨϡ
Īһٶ˵ֻϫĿȴ
ЩͯҲ¶֮ɫ
ǴСϰ䣬Ϊ𣬳ϫӲ˷ǵʳҩģװģܣȻ
ϫӣȻ
磬㰲ȥЪϢɣȲȥҲ١СſڳϫУ˵峺۾оǰο֮ɫ
ϫЦã˵СᯣƣҪȥ߰ɣ
ţС᯺ݺݵ˵ͷ
ϫЦˣСѾͷŨںڵͷ
ϫֵܣҪԶӪظɢɢҲáǰάѵܵᱻʲô޵ˡ
ϫ˵ͷǣС᯵֣Զȥ
ҪҪڸȥɱأĪųϫԶȥıӰɲ
Ī櫣ϣ˿ټģǲСʧˣе𡣡άɨĪһۣǾ棬Ȱ㣺Ͼôʳҩģȷûʲôôǡ
ҴãĪһ
ά˻֣ʲôҲû˵ȴ̾˿

֮أȷһƬŹֵĵطԶǻҰģһͿǳ
Ҳϡϡ֪ĴڣһƬ㡣
ӣǸڰʯأûлݣҲľȫޣѹޱȵĸо
񡢷֮ءﻹǹŹְϫ̾˿С᯽нԶѾԶ˶פӪء
磬ҪȥССʵ
֪ˡϫЦСᯣСʱҲ˵Ŀɰ㣬ôȥӦöɴ˰ɣ
磬òҪȥʳɣСͻȻСʵģ۾ûкµǣһĨ˷֮ܺɫԾԾԡ
ϫȻƳСһۣһôϻ۵СѾͷ
ɣɣ
ԶԶأһ̶˻ٿȻ𣬼ǺƵģˣһ˻
ϫȴһ񣬵ˣ
ԶһȺںڣȴһɫͷĹڲз裬ʱµأڲɱ
ϣȴһͷֻԴĶȮţƤëںڷ⣬壬ȴһȺ˺ץһѪۣԱΧˣԵúܱ겻
һȺ죬һͷȮСͻȻæסͣˣ磬ǹȺͺȮһ·ϳԵǲͬ飬άǶõͷߣҲϽ뿪ɡ
С᯲£㿴Ǻܿ춼Ҫˡϫοһ䣬ͬʱʶУһɰʶ֮ɨ
ৣ
һʶֱ֮֮һֻֻ񱻾޴һ룬һҽУͷʹӰԵ
ϣͷȮǷһ˻˶ԴŤϣ棬ʹ˶
⡭
С۾СԲţǲ֮ɫһĻ͵СŮԣ̫𺳣񼣰㣬ԴҲ벻ղž˺£ΪʲôЩײޱȵޣȻһȫˡ
𷢴ˣһȥһʳϫС᯵С֣ŤͷӪȥ
ԣЩʳĪ櫰̿϶ܸ˵ģС˷ȸԾе
ǸŮˡϫͻȻǰӱܵһĨɱ⣬ȴҡҡͷûзС
ϾôԼҲΪ˿ǣֵȥ𾴡

ʲôСû˵Ѱɣ
һȺĹ񣿻һͷȮⲻܰɣ
죬ôʳһԼֵ뿪ģ
Сᯰ¸ߴʱʱӪһƬȻ𾪣лɣ˸ΪС˵ѣάĪҲˣǰѯ
ģûƭǣȥһ֪ˣССе
Ī櫣һˣСһǣҲػӪأ뿪ܿ죬άϣȻҲŽɡ
ϫվԼǰһĻ߲һ˿Ц⡣
˵ûЩӵľȣھĺУܰﵽһЩҲܸˡ
οЩԣҲ㲻ʲô¡
㻹Цǻûʳһɱ㣡ĪŤͷ䳯ϫ˵
ΪС᯿϶һƻ˵ѣϾǿһȺһͷȮͻȻ֮ȫˣ
ǻάһ֣һսҲһ
ϫȻŮ˶Լ
ٴ̧ͷʱάĪѾһȺСһˣСҲȥˣֻ߰פӪУһܡ
оλ˵ľס֮ˡϫ˼
Щ죬ѾС᯿˽⵽֧Ȼά˲Ϊ
άĪ櫣Լ˾ҲƴӣӲΥ档
ңܻ֮ȣܵչˣҲλ˵İţ򣬹һĪ櫣ֻͽˡ
Сѣ£ǰΣһУͻȻһɳƶͳĲ
ϫȻǰҲܺ棬λ˾Ľļˣ־һ
Ϊ´ּ⣬Ҫһо˵Լأ
Сĵ㣬ؽʬΣٽǰһݺݾ
ϫЦЦ벻⣬ƿ̧ž˽ȥ


688 ƾ
ϣʮͷһͷȮȫ
һĻĲЩͯ뷢һ󻶺ȸԾѣϲɫ
УЩ޾һѶѵʳϣζںܳһʱٲõǼȺ
Сվһ࣬СԺΪ˴ĹףҲеܽϧϫû޷Լϲá
һ뵽⣬С᯾ЩƲ֡
Щ죬ҹչڲϵĳϫһΪһҲΪϲͳϫ̸
ӳϫУ֪˺ܶǰ֪飬·ΪһţһƬ½룬˵磬ôȤô档
ټϳϫҲ̬ºͣһֱǻĸо֪УٲȻѾѳϫԼĺѡ
άཡ˶ȴޱȣԱۣһɶصɣܿʹһصʬзӹ
Ǵüϣ֪ʱһĨɫҼˣ걻һ˵֮˵ʶΪҶҪǿ
ĪһȻʶˣһλֳڸˣ
ά˵ͷͻȻ˵᲻ǳϫֵܣ

Īм壬֧ӴʶԸЩģҲ
Ī櫣
άͻȻüͷһ壬ǵϸһĨŭݣ͸һɺ⣬ǳ˵ԺҪ֣
Ī죬Ĭܹά飬вЩΡ
άһɫѻָ糣ƳһĪ櫣ֵˣʰʳһӪذɡ
˵ţʼָЩСһȥЩʬ壬һ˿һͷţĺȮ

Ӫϣܿɢһ˴ѵ㡣
СϯضץŽֵĿ̽պ֣ÿɫһĨڵϲɫ
εջǾ޴ģǼʮͷĹԼһͷȮ㹻ǳϺܳʱˣҲζţʱѲصĶӵ⡣
һ·ϣʡԼã޹Ƕ᲻ö޲ܰʮĹͷͻȻ˷ʢʳȻҪ˳ԣúһԼĶӡ
һƬֵУһż˵ƤͻȻڲƿˣһλ᾵ˣΡΡ˳
ৣ
λˣһ˲䣬ӪеʱʧӰ٣þĵģÿһ˵Ŀж˳Ľ֮ɫ
ͬҲе죬Ҫ֪һ·˿ɴδ뿪ƤһȻԳˣѵʲô¶
ܿ죬ǾԼˡ
ΪǿڼһͳϫҲ˳ǲ²⣬˾˵ĳֻ֣Ӧúʹйء
ߵӪ룬񣬵ӰߴȳһŵƣǵĿһɨˣɳƿڣγֻΪһ£ǾǴǲеһ񣬽ԶɳϫάĪ櫶ˣҲҪϫĲǲҿˣ
ʲôԺ˳䵱ǾĲ죿
ȫȻ㶼ԼĶ䡣
Ҳ̫ˣһ˲ĲӣһŸձԼˣкεȺȥǵ죿
άɫҲһ䣬üѣͬû뵽ԼоļˣͻȻڴ˿һ¡
ѵԼܲ
άüͷһ֣ĻԸһʱҲе޷ǰһĻ
̰ΪȨǺܵĳϫ죬ǷʹǰȫִĿĵء
һһЩ⣬ǿɾֻ
Ͼ뿪أһ·ʧ̫ˣ˵Щܹߵ죬ȫЩѪġ
һصӣϫ
ʱĪͻȻڵˣҲͬ⡣
ѩ׵üͷĪ櫣ҵ𣿡ɳƶͳУǴһĨ֮ɫ
Ī櫻һһҧݣڵأˣĪ櫲Ǿһɽ𺣣˵ŻƽһȴҪҡкѽܡ
ͨͨ
Ҳڵأˣ˼
ڳ֮УֻάСûй򵹣С죬Щ֪룬֪֧ˣ֧Լ½ĺѡ
άһֱųϫĿɭһͷҪĵϸȫһ㡣
ܿ죬ͰϫĿºͶƽǿգҲκβ֮
ѾȰ̬Ⱥܼɳ˵ֻǣҪ뿪·µŵľ֮أֻгϫܰ쵽
ʲô
˽Ծ֪˺ˣȴû뵽Ȼ˵أֱǰһϣ˳ϫϣ
ˣͬ⣡
άͻȻڣȥϫֻǳ˵ȴһҪ˵κζ岻飬άǻҪҲҪնɱ
ϫȻҲά˼Ҳ϶ôģϾάΪһΣǡ
һ㣬óϫֻǿЦſ˿Եˣ˵ʵǲѣҲûɣŭǺοգ
۾ЦųϫҡҡͷʾҪ黳
ãҲͬ⣡
Ī櫼̬ȼᶨ֪޷أҧ˵ҲάһֻҪ¶κţһһӺˣ
ϫһ̾˿ȴû˵ʲôϾǰЩӲʧѪԵľȣ˷Ƣˡ
άĪ櫶ͬ⣬˻һۣҲѡ˷
ãϫСѣһпɶˡĪ櫣άǶлǽ˵գתȥ

Ī櫡ά뿪󣬳ϫҲǵѡȻصԼס
ЩĲˣȻϱʾ˷ӣĶǿҵĵִȴһʱ޷Ĩȥ
ʱǽûȤ
ǰϫǽһ仰˵һ磬ҪЩͯǾۺһάָϰ䡣
һȴһȺŭӺߣЩˣЩʮһóľԼڣųϫĿԴһͷһ㣬Ũҵĵӡ
ֻвֻ˾СһˣվȸԾڳΨһһӭϫĺӡ
ܿ죬ҲܵΧյĹ죬ԼһŭĿĿ⣬һڣڨڨ
ƲƲСֹ֪ͣ署Ĺжˣǿ϶ôԴˣ
߽ĳϫ⻰֮󣬽һ򣬲һͷԵڵأЦãСѾͷУԼѵֻǸὲµĴڣ


689 ҵ
ϫصԼķ䣬ϥڴϣ֮ǰϼĽ̸ɫ˼
ϼ˾˵˵ΪģһĻ֮ء
̫ʱڣ˵ȴǺպһƬһĤݵʥ֮أ
һλ飬Ǿһȡ
籬ңʮλʥ֣սѪȾ죬˲֪ʥˣսȫ磬ǾλʥҲѹ
Դʱƽ֮һƬľ֮أȴһƬһƬܵ޷޸˺
գʱţ֮رκν涼룬·µţ
Ĳ䣬ƬΨһȺǲԸ뿪ǴǼ߳Ƭ֮ء
ԭܼ򵥣Ѱ˲֪£ҲҲͨĳ·һֱ˲֪ꡣ
˺Ǽˡ硱Ĵڡ
⣬תͷǰĲڵأͻȻ̮飬ڱ˴򿪡
һȺģŹֵӿ룬һħ㣬һƬѪȷ磬ԭа˿ڵľĲ䣬ȴֻʣϼ˾άĪǴ
ϼ˾Ĵ£άĪ櫴һ֧ǧ˵Ļͯ꣬ʼ˼յĳ;档
һ·ϣǱ׷ɱΧ£˲֪ٵķѪȣڣǧ˵Ļֻʣ°˾ˡ
ϼ˾Ҳˣѱ;ƿݵıԵ
ҵǣʱƣһ·ϣ׷ɱǵĵˣѽϡ٣ǰ춼ᱻ׷ϣڣʮҲ˵ټˡ
ϼ˾ǳ˿ǵİɼޱȣȱʳҩģһ·ϣǶŶǰУÿһʳﶼ˷ѵ
ʳҩĵĶȱϼ˾ȴһ£Ǿ뿪֮أܹװ
ǵģ棡
ĲϰˣѪΪǵṩһֻʣϼ˾ǰˣ޷深ȥǾһؽ䣬Ľ˭е
⻼ľ£ϫͻȻˣȻ˽ȴϼ˾¿һ˿ϣ
ΪϫǾĲ֮ˣҲЩֵĵˣ磡
γ;Ŀ꣬ǰ硣
ϼ˾ܼᶨΪֻгϫܴǾһ뿪
£Ϊ˱ϼ˾ľ֮ϫҲֻܴӦϼ˾󣬽Ĳ䣬ݴһְ
򿪱ϣ־֮أĲ˼ȫͼʲô
ϫü͵֮ڣ̨֮ǰǸ׷ԣ֮У˲֮Ԩ⣬оŴ֮أΧļλͬ飬ҲҪˡ
֮أ֣òǾŴ֮еһΧһλʥʰɣ
һ룬ϫء
Ǽʶʥʵǿ󣬾˥£Ȼ㽫Сѹǵȿɲƣһ붼з
ҪС£ָʵˡϫһԺٶ룬ʼԼ
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϶ԣϱȿ죬ѽָһ˿Ѫò˶ãͿ¾֮۳
óϫ˿ȻΪڣֻҪΪָܹȫҲٹˡ
óһ֬ɵƮ꣬˱ǣ컯õһ񽬡
̫أޱȣʲô鵤ҩƣϾǵҩڵԣ̫񱩺Ӵ̷˷к棬صпܻ
ԣҲֻܿСιʳһЩ⡢ҩˮֺ
һķҷУеһʣ˶Ŀ
ԥóһֻ񱭣Сһһ
¡
һɺƵƥӿڣ֫ٺӿ֮һƬĴʹоܿ죬ͱ֮ϤѪƤĤڡ
ֻһ˲䣬ļ⡢ÿһƤ»һĨ󣬾ѿݽߵأܵһ㣬һɹɳ
ҩЧˣܻ׹ǵϡʥҩ
һУϫţֻרעתһһǣγһѭһɰҩӵ¡

֮һɾñطʵĺ㣬Ѫѭתÿһѭش˵ǿһ֡
ָֻٶȣò˶ãͿԻָԲΪ

һ硣
ϫȣüή֮ɫһɨգ
չһ±۰򣬸Żӿķ߲һĨϲ֮ɫûʲôʧø˼ˡ
߶ԣʧȥֱ̳һӵһֻСϣ־޴Уֱɱܡ
ƿ񣬳ϫ˳ȥ
뿪ʱԸӪЩСǾۼںָϰ䡣
ʵ˵Ҳͦϼ˾İŵģռ֮·Уϼ˾ɼЩҹϰ䣬ɲ˭ܹġ
ȻϫӪ룬ȴһΪǰֻĸͯ䶼ʮ£һСᯣȻӰ
ʶһɨܣʱȻˣҲơ
ϫ壬С˵㽲Ĺ±Ī櫰̽Ļ𣿡һ˱ָͷСʵ
ǰϫ壬ҪʲôѽһСƨҲʵ
ϫȻһСᯣߵСʱǵͨ졣
СŤͷԲ˴۾ݺݵСƨһۣ˵˺ǵͣ
ǣС᯽㲻˵ϫҪô֪ҾͲˡһί˵
һ£ϫʱ׹ǰĸͯ϶ǱСᯡƭԼġ
ЦԷǣһЦð£ͺúֻҪָҲǽ£óԵġ
кóԵģ
һȺСƨ۾һµϫ壬˵ģ
ϫͷȻ
һСƨһתǹ龫֣ҡͷУտƾۼΪʵϫóóԵǿһС
ϫ΢΢һЦѲµ̯ƣѶһӨӨ۴Сһ˱ǵŨҲ֮ɢɢܡ
๾࡭
һȺСƨ۾ʱֱˣ̿ˮСƤعһСƵġ
ˣڿʼϿΣϫһЦ˵


690 Ѫ
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Ӫܣһŵ޹դΧդߣſһСӰᵽǿɢһ˵㣬Щֻʮһɬ꣬Ҳ̲ס̿ˮ
߲ݲľ֮أ
˵ǶûСԵʳ̡⡢ûκλ
ϫһɫʺ͸⣬ɢ˵ķ㣬俴ʲô⣬һ¶ܿ϶϶ܺóԣ
̣õɶһغڵʵʮһ꣬ȴ֮һ龫Ͱ㣬ը
˭֪أ볢˵꣬ģ֮ϣһε˰̣ûƻòƽһմ
Ҫȥ˰ɣģ϶ǵĶ֡һͷС

һж¶һĨ֮ɫǰһֶֻܴſȫ԰еĶֳˡ
ӡ̡ͺӣұ죡˺ǳ⣬͸һĨ䣬һģͨ꣬ʯӲʳһݲĳ侲
Ŀһɨˣ˵ѵǵļƻ˵ʲôǾʹԿε죡
ԣԶ˵ͷӪһӰĿУӿһĨ͵⡣
ά屻ȨǰͣȻΥ˵İţȴ㰵ͳϫŸɣһĪչԮԼｻְ

ЩС쵰Ҳ̫ˣȥúʰһ٣ԶάԶһСӰüѡ
ȥ
ĪֹǲǲԸϰ䣬ǲԸܳϫѣ֣ǲܾǣǳϫΰţС¶㲻ֻ֤Ǹ
УǴһĨ⣬ǲм
άĬΣջǵ˵ͷҲãǼ𷣣ҳеˡ
ĪзһĨӣЦİɣС¶㲻˽ϣе߳ģ֪ѶˣԹòĻһ߿һ򡭡
㻹ҪָʹЩСһһֱͳϫԿȥάüֵȿɡ

飡
ȭХ𵴡
С᯺ЩͯȭףýȭųƼƷ磬һһۣ
ǻȭ֮䣬ڣʵȽֱƵģÿը졣
һһȺʮµͯġ
һԣϫͷѿЩСһߵħǿѪ罬ѱʵޱȡ
Ϊ̾ǣЩͯԶ츳֮Ǿѣ亱ĺӡ
ֻһᾪ棬ǰЩͯȾ޵츳ǿɾ̫ˡ
СᯣССͣȻѽΪ鵽ϸ磬óϫе಻ѡ
üǣЩͯ츳˾ޣȴһ⣬ʽ֮䣬ȱһϺơ
Ź֣
ѵάûָǸȥ
ϫ̧ͷǻҝĲ񷣬üͷһʱ˹֮رʲôЩͯȥ
Ҳֲ˾޵츳ȴһҲû⡣
ܿ죬Ⱥͯһȭ꣬Уֻжͷܿһ˿Գǿʢǡ
ϫ塭һȺСƨͰ͵ųϫ
ϫӳ˼ѣЦЦʹóһʺ͸ġѪһ˷һš
ۣ𣡡
̫óˣʲôζ
໣ֱ̺óһǧ
һȺСƨ̧־Ͱ̽һǻϯ֫ٺһƮƮȻУ˾һ㣬С˵ģ̲ס۴
ǳô󣬻ûԹ˺óԵĶء
һĻЩդһȺ궼ǿ̿ˮϫˣϰϰ䣬һЩóԵ˴أֱǡ˷ָ
ʲô͸ӵܳԣǶҩô죿ԶĪüһõ
ǶҩһҩǿܹЩСһһ٣άȴ¶һĨݣ˵
ţĪһ̧ϸһʱɫҲһ䣬е㲻ţôõĶΪβԼã
˭֪ءάпжԳϫӡǸĹ۲٣ѸоǼ˿ԭ򡣡
ߣҲŲôģôڹԻǡĪƲƲ죬ɲԸųϫᰲʲôġ
ϫȴЩ𾪣Щ̫ͯǿˣһѪһֲѪԪ̱ǽ𵤾ǿ̷һţҲøϽҩĳܲһɰҩ
ǰЩСһ̷һ֮󣬾Ȼһ¶ûУ̺İҩֱӾͱǵСȫˣ
ĸǺǣǷŽУƵǾˡ
ϫ壬Ե̫죬ûƷƳζҪٶһŰɡ˱ָͰͽе
ҲҪҲҪͯҲ
ãԡϫЦŵͷҪҰţϰ֮Ҳܷԡ
ãͯûκԥʹӦ
ϫϥأתһԣʶ̽ЩСһǵʡ
ܿ죬˽
ͯУ侪޳ȺǶʺһ·˵еһЩˣĵ·ܷǵǱܡ
С᯺ͱޣͼΪʺ˵ľﶼ֮ѡϧȴķ񣬼ֱǱ
ϼֻ꣬¾ͻʧǿɾΪʱӣҲֲ
ϫЩͯϥأſ
סǵȥ֪Ҫǿ󣬸֪ʲôʲô
ϫԸһ䣬Ҳڶ£һٿȻɢһضʥЩͯ֡
һ֮УõһҲǲһɴԴ
һɱԴУ̺壬ҪһɱԴһ£ЩͯԴԾΡ
տʼðЩСһϣһƽ񵭣һ޷ɣ붨ɮһ㣬һζ
ʲô
դߵһȺ꾪ȣ۾ĺĪ櫶һͷˮƫƫº棬صģЩ㲻ϫʲô
ˣ
ʱСͷϣͻȻðһˮڵͼصĹͼڣɢһɺƵȻ֮
һ˲䣬Ӫܶһˮʪ¡
ǣ
άĪ櫣Լդǣɴ۾֣ڿһǰδ漣
⣡
ڣϼ˾ͻȻǵſһ˿޵ˮ֮⣬ϲƵظһĨϲ֮ɫ촽΢΢


691 ҵ
Сͷˮһصͼڣͷų˵ˮдϢӪĿһ񼣵
ܿ죬ǵľ̾ͻŨŨ𾪣
Ϊʱͯͷͬʱӿһͼ٣â£磬ɷѤͬ졣
֮أ¶ǻҝģݲȥȫǻɫʯɳɫ
ڣӪܣͻȻӿһĨ쵹ɫʣһ޷·Ƭض÷ḻ
ˮ𡢽ľֵܻϢ֮ıԴʱⱻķϣɵ֮Щľ˶ɴ۾Ŀࡣ
ǿҵӾκ˰ÿ˵飬ܵһǰδе𺳣
ʲô̫׳ˣૡ
һָоǵȫԶɱһͷȮϵ˺ۣ΢УһĨ֮Ĺ
ǹӦһֺǿͺͣĿȵ
ǡӦǵ⣬˵ںܾǰǵļ绹ûбʱǵ˼ȫԲյ⣬绽꣬ܣò˼顣ӵԶ侲ͳʯͷ˵
⣿
ԣԶ¶Ȼ֮ɫԴӳһֱⱻľ֮أϾ
䣬ĵӿһĨ궯һ˿ҲҪȥС⡱ӣȴûһԸǡӡˡ
ϾǿǾһѪжȻҪһֱͳϫŸɣܾôеͶˣ
죬ٶԣйִؼԼϺͰǡ

ЩСһ￪ʼˡĪ˵ĿһĨӣоǾһֱ˳ȥЩСһǼжûжҡǵֻ¾ͻᱻϫ²ˡ
ֹǣҶЩĶˡάЦ̾ǿǵ⣬ǾһУ̫ʱڵͣôԶ˭򵽣
Լָоڳϫԣʱ򲻾ʩչһЩֶλ㲻ʲôǾĲԣȴǰһĴţǸܵǰδе𺳺㽡
άԼ̲סΪۣ֮һ˿ڴҪһ˵Ĵ£ԼһֻᷢεȾ޴ı仯

ĪͻȻѩ׵ıҧĴɫòβҧ˵˵һ˶ܸ⣬ҾͶӣΪ죬κΥ棡
άЦҡͷ̫ʱڣҪյҲҪ츳ԣδ̫ˡ
̣ߣҲŲôáĪ櫴ӱһĻ޳ںڵβ΢лһƮݵĻȣȶˡ
άȻ˵ʲôͻȻϫڿεʱɫһʼ

С᯺ͱЩͯѾӲȻһõΡ
ϫЦˣȴʼǽ⣬ʲôǵ⣬ָβ
ЩͯԶɫ֪ȴѷһŰֽ֮Ƿȱģ֪
ȥ֪磬ȥ֪ѰյһЩֶΣѧͨĲλ֣ĲãĲͬȵȵȵȡ
֪֮ϵĻ֣Լϵ̺ĸ֪ʶ
УЩģǳʶһÿ֮ǰѾģκȥָ㡣
֮أЩ˶ԣЩҪյģ򼴱ܳɹ뿪ִ磬Ҳ޴Ӧ
ϫͨЩĹ۲죬һ㣬ԣڽЩͯʱûֱӴʲôĹǴϵһһ˵
ºͶʣôǳ׶Ȥһζع䣬ͨķʽΪһһչеĺ塣
С᯺Щͯ۾ɫ棬һ˿ˡ
ſդߵЩ꣬ҲһϢû˵ȫעϫĶǰһȴǿһ硣
ǸУϵƣ򣬷ǺӵϵƵϵҩܡȵ֪ʶ
һУ˵Ĺ½룬嫣ֱĳȣ˼ɣԼĴڡ
άĪ櫣ҲĬϫǵңҲȻѡ
һ̣Ӫض˵İֻгϫʵƮţǳ׶Ļȴ
ǵΣʥڽڽղ֪дһʥζ
ϫûע⵽ԼٲȻڳ˵Ľ㣬ڽЩҲǳ׶֪ʶУԼҲһζӿͷҲ˼
򣬷価棬ĶĻʯ֮ԴȪ֮Դ
ʱĻԼԣһ·һ·ϵۺ᫣һֱ
ϫû취Լ޸ΪֻҪԼΪָȴһԼߵø̤ʵߵøԶ
˵ĽѣһΪϵɱôڣһоһʵֻغͻƣ
ͨһ㣬ϫͻȻһݻţԼԺ·ڴ

ܿ죬ϫٴڿΡ
ÿһ죬Щ԰٣ľˣİжȹֻϢʱǲͣ½Ųճһζݵʱ乩Щͯϰ䡣
̵ʱѾˡ
ĹɣʱάĪ櫻ЩͺǣȥʰٸƷ׼
ȻڣӪȴǾĵģϫȻٿڴ˶ûдӳ˼ѹ
ȻǶŬղһ֪ʶ
ˣϫ߲һĨЦ⣬֪ԼһÿΣשã֮ЩӶʧѪȵľˣͻȫԼ
һԼͿԸãҲ׵ϼ˾ˡ
СѣлˣƿϿݵϼ˾˳һعأϫߵл
ϵ飬ϵʽʱĤʥһ㣬óϫжһ𣬴Ϊܵһ
ǰϵˣ˵ϷģҳϫǾĲȵģֻҪҳϫţһṼݶ顣
ϼ˾οЦˣĳϫ֣ٶ˵
֪ܹӳϫеõһŵѾ㹻ˣĲˣͻΪŵı䣡


692 ϵ˪
ĺˮƺƵһİ֮
ĲˣʱǰС
Ī櫴ڶǰ̽·䵱ȷǰڡ
ά׺ڶ󷽣ԾᱻЩĵ׷
ϫڶм䣬֣һʼ棬Щһˣÿʮһӣܼư˶ӣһɫ裬˽ýŶ
һһ֮䣬뻮һٲȻһ֧ӣ٣ȴ͸һɰսӢζ
ӣ
ϫȻԺͻȻðһ󵨵뷨Щɢʿȫɾӣһսָжǿ
־ӣȫѵأһλóֵͳָӣս»ǿɣ
֧Уǽޣ乥ֻᱬεȳ̶ȣ
Խ룬ϫԽ˷ܣЩԾԾԣҪһս֡
нĶԿɢһƬĶײǵصĻȳȺһɱķֶ࣬ķռơ
ûҪʿɾӣԼԼʿָʿˣȥһս
йؼڣʿ̫ɢ׷ľڣ޾ʦųͲκ˵Ĳǲ
ټϣߵΪԽߣյԽժǶ£ָ䶼һǳأҲϾսķʽ
ԣֱнҲʿɵľӳ֡
ϫȴΪʮϸʿ򲻰һͥʿǽʮϸʿһ飬䱸ͬķԾЧѵʹ֮˴ܹңӦĬϣĻ򲻹һͥʿȴ˴֮ľ޴࣬ǴƽҲǲܣ
ϫţܰѵ桢ɡħһһ֧ӣǾԺɨˣ
ֱٴפϫһУħһ㡣
ϫ壬ýϰˡͻȻ˹˱ָͷ˵
ϫʱѹ̧һӪ룬ЩͯѵȴˣЩҲһԼڿء
һÿνЩѱϫԨѧʶ۷ٺԣѿʼŽɶԷ
ǰһĻǺܺõӡ
Щһ·ȻƣһУ˷ܣһʱͳҪܳϫָ㡣
ڴˣϫ⡣
һÿοʼҴıһϰ䷽ʽǶʱڱøǿ벻ѧϫĿЩһɨ˵
룡
˶ԥ뻮һ
ϫ˵ͷʼǽС
ЩܼʮˣͯʮˣΪҲǲβ룬Ψһͬľȫߡ
ڳϫİ£Щͯʱֳ
һʺģռʮˣΪϵӪУȫʮϣʮµꡣ
һʺģռ˶ʮˣΪ˪ӪУʮͯԼʮʮµꡣ
ܿ죬ϫֽϵӪʮ꣬Ϊ֧СӣÿӶʮˣѡγһӳֱ˵ӡ̺ͺӡ
˪ӪҲͬΪӣʮ˶飬һ˶顣
ǳϫһγȥƾӵıƣһʼ̫˳űӲϽУϫеĹâøԽԽҲԽԽ˳һֽĵƣȻ
ⲢѪһܹЩγɵļԣҲʩ̣ǸԷӳԼǱܡ
ûãҵĶ飬һΣ߹ģ

ʲôĪü
ԭһÿΣѾԳϫĿת˲٣ڼúڿΣȻڱŶ飬ֱϷƵģжʱһĨ
Ŀģ֮ˣʶԶܱȣĪ㲻Ҫ̫Ļˣһ߾žСάЦ
ߣŹֵģǷӡĪƲƲ죬˵Ŀȴûһ뿪ϫͬҲ棬ôʲô

ӽԺһᴫǸǿĹѧͨ
ϫǰվþȻͯ˵벻ѧ
룡
һ仰͹ǶԱǿĿ
ãҵҪܼ򵥣ǲҪԼǿҪԼСӡսӪҲǿֻǲܻһУ
ϫ磬˫ֱָһǣһһЩ֧֣һһ䷢ǣĶ飬ԻöĽģܵͷ
˵ţϫһӣϼһѶһѵ鵤ҩСɽƵĶѻţ磬ɢϼɢ㡣
ҩ
϶ǳϫĵҩ
˵̷֮󣬿ӵŸޱȵĹЧ
ǵ۾ˢһùԲóޱȣô
ԶάĪ櫣ԼӪܵЩҲɴ۾ŵǰһĻ
̫ˣ
뵽ϫϾȻЯ˶鵤ҩ
ϫǵķӦ󣬷ִţٴ˵ЩֻһСֵĽԶԶ㲻ʲôֻҪǱֵĳɫһǸҲĽ
ֻһС֣
ֵúãи˵Ľ
һ仰ȴһ޷ܵնһ㣬Ŀ˳۾͵Ĺ⡣
һʱںϵӪ˪Ӫ֮ҲҪֳ£ʱһ׼һ˭벻ľϲ취ʤߣ
ϫһʯǧˣЩǷˣѪȼĦȭƣֱ޲ھʹһ
ҲòǣԴˣǿ伫ȴԲԼͬϣ
ϫɫͻȻסǾ˭ΪһЩһЩ˲飬ɱҲ
ȻΪʱʧȥϫЩѪĥ³ڣ˵κ˶ܵõ
Ǿ񱻽һͷˮʱѹ
ϫģǾвˣɱ飡ӵԶĳ侲ʯͷش
ԣǾɱҲ󺰣ɫᶨ͸һִ־ζ
ãǾͼס˵Ļڼסǽ磬ҲҪμס仰ϫ
ûж˵촽ݺݵͷ
ԶĪü𣬲õһֱȡ֣ô˵ǵˣǾĲʲôʱɹɱ飿
άȴ˼һĨͣϫĲһ򣬾һɸǾ֮زָͬջ󣬳ϫҲΪЩСһáףܵκջ˺ͬģ


693 
Ī櫴˴άĻһ˿ԳϫĽٲɡ
ԼЩεĴӺǵĴһֽ֪ʲô桢ѡɱ
أ
ǻܷ񱣳һŴɾģ
Ī޷ȷ
ԣάĻܿ˳ϫģвһĨӵѵԼһ
зһĨȻʵһ룬֮˳ӳϫԶΪԼԵʡ
ΪһǸ˷еʳҩģһãкü޲ɱ˳ϫ
Щ飬һ֤ϫǵǷǸѵһš
ָ£С᯵ȼͯ˵⣬Ľ£˽⵽һȫµ磬ȫµϵ
侲һ룬Ī櫺ܾȵط֣ΪϫĵԼϤľĲ䣬ƺȻһֱ仯һж·ڳĳɱ䡱š
һһ˰
һ̾ϫĿ⣬ȴر࣬Ѿû֮ǰĵ
ˣֻҪһΪĲãʲôˣ
һ뵽⣬Ī櫾жһ޴һɡ

ϫѵ
ó͸һ˵ζ˵ʵҿһʵҪһЩ˾ĺӶ磬ҴǣǵִǵҲ㡣
ĿеĻȽһĨŭȡܵǿҵĴͼ̤ǷŭһսȭͷɬձǺ졣
ܺãϫ൱⣬߳ԶľҪǿ̫ࡣ
ͺñһƴѹ֮ҲҪԷһЩͷܹ߶ԷĻԡ
ͷϫ֮ǰѾˣѹĿҲѾﵽҪʱˡ
ǣҪǿ𣡡ϫȡ
룡ǼǺģ
ãڿʼǽʼһڶʱ̥ǡǲҪʳȱҲҪǵ˻ǰ͵ϮϫһһٵֻҪģܲ⣡
ĿнԶ¶һĨɫ·˵ϫ壬ưɣ
ǳϫĵڶÿΣԱ趨³̺ͷƶȣͬʱҲжȵĿ

ڿν󣬳ϫѺӡ̡ͺӡʯͷСᯣһанԼ
ӡ̺ͺϵӪ֧Ķӳͳһ֧ʮ˵Сӡ
ʯͷС˪Ӫ֧Ķӳͳһ֧˵Ķ飬СֻаˣҶͯ
ʱ˶ŵڳϫǰУʱĳϫѲǸ֪Ĳӣһʮ죬ǰǲԾ͸еһɾη
ǻĶʩչһ飬ʲôҪ©ϫӡ
ǡǴӦѿʼѧϳϫܼ򵥣ϫ˵ʲôȥʲôﵽҪ⣬㹻ˡ
ǿʼһһȥʽ
ʵĹһΪǴάѧģϫĲʽʽֵķص㡣
ֻǵص㣬ڲͬĹνʩ̣ˡ
ϣϫĿ˼Ƭ̣뿪
գڲǰе;Уϫӳٴνһһö
ÿһöϣһţԶǳϫǵĸǡʡԼս׼Ķⷨš
Щ꣬ɱ˲֪ٵˣʦӾŻȳ˲֪ٶٵķš
塢ͨѧӦоУĿ࣬ЩԴӵõԼãֱһԶ˸
Щó
ϫһһָһеľ϶һ飬ֱЩСһϤУ뿪

ϫ˿ȴûеʱ䣬ٴóһ񽬣ʼԼΪ
ϼ˾˵Щ岢ûзǵ׷ˣ֮Ȼÿ춼ڿǰУѱĵˡ
óϫüǣϼ˾Ҳͨĳֻ˵һնľĺǰУһִܵ硣
Ȼĺж೤յ
ϼ˾Ҳ֪Ϊһʵ̫ˣѹ֮ͨأ汲ҲδһѰٵյ㡣
ǱڵΣǰ;δ֪˵İΣʵ޸һУóϫ񾭽˷κεʱ䡣

ɫ㱵ػصӪУСԴȫһζԵķǵȫ
ҲǴȥħһü˼ȥΪ̬͸һ˿Źֵζ
һĻܿע⡣
ǺӣȻڿٽѾٵôҡ
ٺ٣ûͺôһһƵشԼʱԴˣҲ֪ۡ
ι˵ⶼô˰һ˹Ź֣ѵϫʩչǵĻˣ
˵ϫôãզܻẦǣٶ죬ҿ˰
αôأֻǿЦѡ
źˣЩǶס棬˽
Σһֱһ죬ֱٴγڴֹŹֵ״̬ѹ
һȣɫܣϲ֮ɫ
̫ǿˣ
ַΪһͻͽ
о̾ͨϫڵţǶһͬĸܣǾǿ󣬺ǿ̫ǿˣ
ǰ˭뵽ϾȻµķţ
ǻصԵĶУϵķŴڸԼĶԱûκαϫǵָ㣬Ҳг
ΪǶμǵóϫĻԼǿ󲢲ʲôֻԼڵĶԼսӪҲͬǿǲܻԳϫĽ
֮
άĪ櫽ԶȻ֣֮еЩͯ˾һһԵɵɣ˼񣬼ûһģ
ǰеٶȣ˶ࡣ
˺£ĪקһʵüʵѲһĨǡ
֮ǰάһڶǰ̽·һڶѹ󣬲ûע⵽һУΪЩӶȾʲô
άҲ̧Щã뻮һĶ飬ȴһƬҲЩȥ
ڲ򹦷أǳϫڵģģƺΪ˲ðһĽ
򹦷
άĪ櫻һۣԶһʲôĹЩӱ˳ԣ
Ҳûס棬Ѻ˽˹һѯʣ͵֪һУϫǵҲС
ô棿Īʵ
ͷԼԳϫĳĽ֮ɫ
ߣƭңСЩСƨĪ櫵һ̧ۣùһö򣬡ҵҪкεȻֳôĶ
ף
£Աߵά׻㣬𾪳


694 ӵ׹
άȣ侲ǣûκܹ̫Ҳܳ䵱֧죬ӵ
Ȼڣȴ׳֪ܵ˺εȴ𺳡
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ЩҲһһĨȣͨ죬ͷٲҳĪǰ˵顣
أĪ櫵ĺüһҲԽԽƵزϡ䱦һ㣬ѼÿҪƲסԼ
㷢ںڣβò޳ʱȻԼǼƽĺ΢ЩѪյ˶ôĳ
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˵ӳϫõĹǿ󣬵ȴû˾ˣĪ櫰̶˸ߵۡ
άȴ̾˿ϧЩԶֻʺϺͯΪȥֻ»ʵ䷴
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ܿ죬߾ͷһĨݣĺӾȻʮ֮һ޵Ԩ㣬һɼΪȵϢ
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Ӫ룬һھ޴ͭ¯ɫðݣɢһɶصķ㣬Ũ֮˴Ρ
ϫվڶ¯ǰвʱͶŽȥһҩ羭ݡԪߡʵĳ
ЩģЩãֲڸеľɭУԶһЩʵƷҩ
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ܿ죬һɹ˱˵ζӪеÿһУһŶʳָ󶯡
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Դֻ֮ԷܻԪΪīԵΪֽԹΪʷ棬Ȼ카ճһ춴磡
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άһЦǰǰ;δ֪ұߣԵᣬٵһ˿ͬٵĻᡣ
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ˣҪɱЩӪؼԶĪһֱݶҧ顣
ԶӪзһĻ俴֮ԶԶƮͲҽ֪ԼеһЩŮ˱Űɱˣ
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һ˿ɬǵٴαһƬƬѪ⡣

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һ꣬ģȴΪİǵãȴȷϣԲǾĲˡ
ʱѹ˲ЩԼ˾ȻһȫʣԼŭ֮࣬ҲɷһĨĺ⡣
õ鱨άĪ櫣ֻԲѣ˵Լ֣ʮƽ𼶵£ɱԷ
񣬶ԷȻɱԼʮ£βľ

鱨ϲ˵˶ʱڸ޷ͻô˫˫ƾףɱԼǰ
ѵİϣ
ߴ΢΢һУоɲ
ৣ
һ̣˫һܳɫĹϼǵأɱ˻ģȴһĨ籩˶ȥ
վ޷ŤתҪ֧Ԯˡ
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䣡
һʮɾƵĽâնȥ
ͿԶǧ֮ĸߴ꣬ûж֮˾ͱһ壬һŹ꣬ʧ


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άһ֮ļ֣ھĲУһֱС֡ļУҲֻڻĹʱǰв
ϧʱţЩϡĹ屦ˡ
ǰѴ󹭣ǣǳϫģҲƾ˹ĿɲƣɱʮƽǿߣǽλϾǿһ塣
ָĦűӲĹάٴζǹƬ̣Ȼ˹ݸ˳ϫ˴ܹȫˣҪлϫֵṩ˵
ϫûнӣЦȻάϲ˹ȥþˣҲǱֻάļ֣ܷӳļֵ
ѿάһļ֣һΪһǹܹ˵ս
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û취Լ̫ԣޱȣȫ˼˼ϣǹȹ屦ֱһСİһ㣬ܲ
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ǲ䶼Ƿ̫࣬һỹģΪһάСĽǹɫѻָ侲ȣֻһԻĿˣ͸һޱȵļᶨ
ңֻҲܾȺ⡣ĪЦͬϫѽ˾Ĳ֮УҲֻиĲǾĲ˲㣬̶ǿ

һ֧ǿɵĶ󣬳ϫ˴ҴҷӪأȻûκͣٴοʼǰС
ǿߵĳ֣ϫܵһѹ˻͵Ϯɱеһ֧飬´λûˡ
ԣ뿪˵أǵ֮
Ϊ˸·ϫÿϢٵʱ䣬Ϊʱ仰˵⼫̵ʱڣڽʳ֮࣬Ҫָ㹻ЩͯҪŽ
ҺãȽȵĽУûѹЩͯ෴һжʱıҲӵĿ̿ࡣ
ϫҲûţһ߽е޸Ϊһڤ˼Է֮һԼĻ춴硣
ⲢһһϦɵģϾϣҪ޸ȵ컹ѣ˵ҵһ·Ҳļ
Ҫһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߣֻ轫һ׼㹻ˡ
ͬʱҪʳָϰ䡢⡭ȵ飬æŲմأÿһʱ䶼޲á
ǰ·;УҲʱָЩϰ

оھգһ㲻岿䡣
Ѫսһ˱ȫߣǲеĻΪ˱ͯǵȫٴάĪ櫣ֻʣˡ
һҵѪսöձĬÿжȼһŻҲ̿ࡣ
ΪгϫÿṩԴԴϵҩʳЩͯǵĽǳ֮죬ѽ׻ͥ磬кӡ̡ʯͷˣһٽ׽𵤾磬˺ĵĳޡ
ϫҲŵԣĽͨͷۡ͡ء
ʯͷС᯵ˣ˳ϫڵƷѧһ䱸һؽ׷
Ľò궼ۺ첻ѣ̿࣬ƴһάĪ櫶ѡ
ǼоУΨһǸеϲõһˡ

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һսУϵӪ˪ӪǣҲμսԭǳϫ֮µȴû뵽ЩǾȻ˵ս
ÿʮһӣÿΪһӪ໥ϣ˴ĬȻоİͭǿ˾޴ش
ʵǲпģֱսͯ뿪ǡ
ΪĲ䱯ʹǣǾļˣһλˣһսУΪչЩ꣬ľ˽ʣһϾǿͬھʹȻš
ǰϼ˾ûʲôԣֻǲΡΡճϫ֡
ϫϼ˾˼˵壬ߵһףûλˣûϫĽ죬ԣ˺úչЩ˵ġ
һսеֻʮˣͯʮˣȫϼ˾Ҳ御
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һСɱɣ۸ѹһȣϾǿ߽УҲС
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֮Ϊ֮ԴȪȻǿ
ϫĴ۾ǣֻУʱʱ֮̿޷Ųһ
ԴѾ֮󸲸ǣѷǵĴڣе漶ǿǰ̽ѰּҪС֮
ϾֻǾ֮һ۵Ͽȣû˭ĿͶͶŹҲû뵽Ȼһ
ϫһеĿģþĲˣޱȵľУܹһȫ֮أʵݺһ
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ϫͣϿȵϿգŽµϿȣ㰵˿
Ȼ쿪˫ۣһӿ

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ڤƷƣĺɫһſźɫǳ㣬׺ڹɫϼ֮С
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һľ޴֣뵹ۣϿȣ淭޾ģâһͬһһ㣬˲ʧ١
ֻһϿɺǰһͨͨŵľ֮ؼΪѰۡ
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ʵҪලΪϼ˾ȥΪͬĲʧЩгκͳޣǰһǻȫйϡ
֪ǰһսУΪҪǵİΣ˺ЩǸȥ
ҲһʵСֻԼߵĳͬ飬ԣΪԼΪͬ飬һҪøǿֻбǿ󣬲ܺúõػţܲԼĳͬ鵣ǣ
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ҪЩĲ뿪ͱƵ˵İأҪһλ༶ǿƤߣ֮;
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ϫɫһɣ¶֮ɫܿ죬ٴμʼһؾٴר׭̡
ŽֻǵһģҪģԼеľѨϡڸȫķģȻԴΪ֫ٺ֮ڵؿǬһµĻ춴磡
һöһö׭̣˱붨Ϣָ֮׭̡Ųϵ׭ַ̣죬ԷҲ̣׭̵ٶҲԽԽ졣
һһţܿ죬һ¹ȥ
һʱ䣬оѨϡڸ׭һööµķģһشصѤʢÿһ羭ϣĹö롣
ϫԼܸܵЩֶ֮صĺӦľˮ硢סǳȵȰ壬ɰĽṹۡ¡ѭĸˮϪһһ

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һ˲䣬ϫͻȻһඥĸоͷͨԺиһǰδеĴͷ
ͷһ֣һǿҵĳ嶯Ѫ㣬޲ھչж
ȷûɣûзãȻ˳ֳ嶯
Ϊھ׭̷һ𣬾עһǰδеðΪŽôûоѭûʦָ㣬ֻпһɡ
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ϵӪĳɼϲˣ˪ӪŬͬ˲Ŀߵ·Ҫ̫࣬гϫṩĸҩԼϿĴɢ֮ǵΪҲǽڽͻͽ
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һֱලάԴȴֻ˵˾䡰㲻ûаôϡƽ
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ΪڵľȻȣɳϫṩʵ̫ˣԴԴṩҩǿĹɢ֮
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Ҫ֪ĳУԴȥѻһ㹻ʦųϲЦտĻһ˿Ĳ
Ҫ󡭡е̫ˣ

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ʱѾˣǾͰԭƻжɡά
᲻е㡭Īԥ
ĥѣԶҲһǱߡάĬãһһ˵

άϵӪСǰС
֮⣬ͨһͨƼΪңԶڤʿԣֻյ蹦򣬾ִܵ
ٶȿģִܵ
άҲд󣬴뿪ϿȣҲζʧȥˡڤ󡱵ıͬҲζţʱʱ̶̿ϵˡ
Ʋ⣬Դɱ֧ĵ˱Ȼв˵ȫƬ֮УͶء
ϵӪǣÿ˰еķλһսλÿĸսλְķλһӡ
֧еĶ飬һǰڲǰγһƷ
ӲȥϵӪĶ飬ʮɵһһһ󣬻ۣңӦɱ
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ǳϫڵս֣һɴһ㣬ɵ㵽ߣߵ棬۳һʹ
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ѾǸսģʽս׷ľ۳Ŀֲκһ˶жǲǴۿۡ
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ңսȻܹսȴܣսУ˲Ϣ䣬ǿָߵĶٻӦ
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սֻҪһ侲ģҵж㹻ˣһٶӰ쵽սķӡ
սУ侲ͷӣΪؼڡ
СģԶ
άһĨâѡ
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ǰάһԻᵣǲѣڣԷһӵϣĶΣûӿһĨɰȡ
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ʱѾûҪϻЩ壬ٵǵļ԰ɱ¾ϰˣѽѪ
һߣЩάǣ˷ܣǴ˴εǽɱЩĲĻа
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ͬʱϵӪ֧飬ÿϺȻӿһɰޱȵȫʮɶߵľˣһɽεض㣬ƺ֮
Ǳ˴ϢңӦջ۳һͬʵʰɱ⣬һͷŭƬսǡ


701 һʤ
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ΪΪ˴˺ӦֱڵȺѹһѪҺڶ
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оͿһһá
ȻΪԸһĻˣܣһƽǿ߶ûüͱâ˱ǹɿµĶķ˳ȥѪ׹ʱѾʧȥ
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ֻҪɱ꣬һжƣ
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Һã˶Ĭս˼ԶⲨԼˡ

ϵӪ֮սֻյ蹦򣬾Ļ
űصѪͲ֫һΰĲʵо
һСԼģ
ЩΪ˵ȥһŻ𣬱֮ҹҹƴÿ˶ȵѪʵľ
һеŬΪ˱øǿֻǿˣܰ˱𣬲ܰȫִ硣
ˣƾԼŬԼһ֧˵Ķ飡
ǳĬȻȾѪƣشĿȴԽԽһĨŵɡ
ʵһжǳϫĹͣû;ûǵĽ졣ͻȻ˵ĿоǷԷθĳĽ֮ɫ
ԣҲһͬȻδ꣬ûȴֵףǳϫĵڶ̶ʱڣ̥ǵı仯
ǸмϫĵؾĽ;һ̣˵ȴѾѳϫԼֵصĳ
ĲάˣȾѪɱֱ͸һĨ޷Ρʡ
ȻһսɱϾꡣ
ԣŵС϶һĨЦݡ
ԶԶ
άڶ仰ʱͰеĸðһ˿ݻ٣ʧ٣ɫ±üᶨ
һѾ޷Ӱ쵽ǵˣοҲά˵ĲǵȷСкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ѿȥη壬ȥǣΪֻ֪ҪŬվܴﵽ˶Ŀ꣡
ûٵʱ䣬άϵӪЩǷء
һսУȻûһˣ˵ȴʮŸΣֻ»֮ǡ
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ȫϿвãһӰƾճϿȼԶĵط
һСޱȵӣһ٪һ㣬ֻ߸ߣһͷɫͷ¶ļϣ˹ŹŤİɫࡣ
벻ЩĲȻֻаѴشˣ϶ˡ
Сһವһ¾ʧԭأٶޱȣ˲һ㡣


702 ش
УһŻ֣ڶء
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һŻǰפһ֧һ֧岼һŻ롣
λõӪУһΪĿ¥̻Իͣɢ貵Ĺ󣬺͸ӪصһȣȺ㣬ôڲͬ
¥ߴһģӢ͸һʵؿУֻȽƾϡ
һͷɫĳɢ˫磬˫絶棬һĨĻȣʱ۾ǰиֵŻ
ϧʱδô˻ᣬǿͨһŻȥһ羿ʲôӡ
̾˿һһ޴Ľ𽣣ֱŰƵģԵܲϸܷľУڽ׭ŹֵѪɫͼɢһŨҵɭѪ֮
޴𽣣һ֣ܿΪ֮һն˰ǿҪѹ˰㡣
Ȼǰ޳Уһö廨Ƶ磬ʼǿĽ޼ָף
һĻܹ죬ǰָ̫ϸǽ̫ԵһԱȣԼΪǿҵӾ
ȴȻԵãյԼָףɶ棬һ㶼ûиеʲôͻأġ
شˣͻȻһ
˵û̧ͷű޼ù⻬ʮָ߲ɷһĨЦ⣬ԵŶԵá
Ĳˣھ˵ԼĪһϿС
ǸС٪㣬ϲɫٿȻ֣ر
ûǴĻ޽ĶƺڸѲ߮ɣ˹ŰƵĽ𽣣˼ʵ
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ħһڻĹʱھˣĹСҲաҡͷЦѡ
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Ув˰ħһǿߵܹʥʱȼĴڣµĹָúεǿ
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пλϾǿ˶ڣʱϿ߮ѹȸУÿ˶
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οлвٵĻƽǿߣԼǧ˵Ķ飬Ӵû˭ܲˡ
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һеƽԶԴǶԳϫΣϿܵġڤ󡱳ģ
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ʼôάɫ䣬ĵһɫǳϫģǲٿءڤ󡱵Ŧڡ


703 ı
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ܿ죬ԭ֮𣬱ԽԽϡҲԽԽСеɫ䲻࣬ȥϹ磬ʢĿɷ׳ۣ
Ͼǿ¶һĨЦȴǵޱȣЩɫɼѨıطưٶɣ֮Ҫ֡
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зһ䣬ɫͻȻһ龧Ө͸ͷųʢıȻЩ֮ȫᡢ̣
ǰϿеĴƺһӾʧȥצж¶֮ɫϾǿߵĿҲòͬ
ѻʵ΢΢ݣѻ⡰硱ǿߣͬҲ֧֮һ졣
ȷ벻оȻı٪ૣѹ죬Ҫĵ㣬𱻱ˡĵ̥ǿɾ̫ˡ
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704 
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һƷµķƻ鶯кڵУʼ֯ݺύܻһŻķģһƬ㷭ݣһԵɡ
ϫûЩרעٿ֮ԪΪʷ桱һŻƵķϲϹ׭̡
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Դˣϫɷ·ȻڹշУǵл۵һŻƵķĺУѱ׭˲֪Ĳͬġ
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㡭Ҫʲôάһ㶡
Ȼǳȥһǵĵˡϫڴ

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ɺޣ
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ЩľȻϷˣңȴƳˣһҪܣ
ѻҧ޵ݶҧ飬˫Ŀֱ
ϿĶУֻʣѻ˹˾һˣֱ˰ǹ·㣬еһǰδеĳ衣
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һĻʱڳĿһ


705 һķ
Уһ˿Ѫȡ
ڳ˵Ŀ⣬ȫԶһεӰϡ
һ忡ˣԣȳһӵȻ䣬ϢȴһԨ纣׵ĸо
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ж֮ǰǶ˽⵽ǾУʵߵλһάһĪ櫣ڤǿߣѱΪصԴĽɫ
Щ꣬δ꣬ʵֵһɹ
ټγ֧飬λϾǿҲǶԴ˴ġ
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ϫû˵˫ָƽݣոһƳѾжƣܹˣϾƽǿߵĴڣһǧˣ
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û˵ղļһ̫Σֻ̤һɱһˣᵽһ˿ͬѰζ
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ôӣͷɱˣòͷˣֵǣһϣһǿߴȡ
ϫĿɨӹȥе¶Ƚñ䡣
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ֻһӡ
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ߣһߣ˸ѣȻϣʵȴ٪˵ѻһڵĵ̥֣˳
Сѡĵ̥ҿһȫʬΣһͨ죬ɸߣĿĴ󺺣ըװΪ񱩡
ϳ̹գǽɣǿߣϾΪҪǣϰһȱ֮ݴһλħĹʵҲǱ⺷׺֮
˵ڳ֮˭ԡĵ̥ΪѣȻ̹ɡ
Ŷ˵Ŀϫ֣ѶһϵƤϱӡһһءħ֮ģԵüΪڲͬάžĲһ֮Ƥ
ˣڵÿϾǿߣһһḬ֮̃ɫ
ԣ콻ң̹պ٣۾ˡ
ƾҲ䣿ϫҡͷƺ˿û⣬Χųǧ˵ˡ
ţȻҾܾңֱɣ̹ձȣֱ̽־ץ
ϫüͷһ壬̽һץͻȻһת֮·һֳ
УĦգȻһʢޱȵĻ𻨣
ˣ
һ˻ģһն¡
ӽĶд⣬ҽǣпգƲһ˿̻Ϣ
У˹Ľ糱ˮˢÿ˶ĤУֱըѣ
ɫٿȻ䣬ء٪ӵˣʱҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǵĿ⣬ųϫǱ
ⲻǷʵȻȴ˵˵ĺƴ󣬰һննն˼ݣ
Ϊ˾ֵǣһĽ⣬һƬǺ䣬ķǣͬʯ貣£
ǣ
֪˭ʧѻȸУ쳣̶Ȼֹؿܵǹ⽣⣬ţ
Ƚ⣬ȻܻǺҪεǿĽΪʩչԷһˣôֶΣ
ѵǻþ
ǰһĻʵϯصǺӣ·ֿɼûаãһֿɲĽ⣡
Ȼ䣬̹һ˿ԤУǰˣҪĻҪǿĸ֣ôܳЩа
˭
̹ջȻûע⵽ѾһĨ壬һ˿
ţ
ͷȻһ˿ȻѹȻκζͫȻɢ彩Ӳԭأ
ۣ
һ΢죬һʺѪߣĲȻ֣ɺȵѪȪգѪ׹䡣
ҰУǸӽˣԽԽģ
˭
һ˿ɻ̹۾ȴҲһУʧȥʶ
ϫɫƽһĨʧǳ貶ʢĽ⣬Ҳ֮ʧ
һûɢһ˿ɱûпɲƣֻһƬ貵Ǻӣȴһ˲䣬һλϾǿĨɱ
һ˿ضûУ
ϫһҲڳ⣬ëȻȻһ˿⣬֮о˶û̹ôģ
һ
Ī⡢ȴ˺ƴѳκ
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ÿͷͬһͷĸ֣ԲǾˣİ˵Ŀ£


706 Ϊ
άĪҲ˾ȣϫӳһʱ˵ĺëһǿҵϢо
ЩǸǸŴͣϿһӰĿж¶һĨ޾𺳡
֪Լĳϫͬ˿ɱȣȴû뵽Ȼ̶ֳȣһһϾǿ߾ͷأ
Ȼײа
о̾ĿƣĵӿһĨĽ֮ɫ
˵ϫ֮ǰһ䣬ʮЩеôڹĪһ򳹵Ϩе̰֮
Ⱥʼ궯ǿ⡣
غҲ⣬İ̫£ǶһëȻĲ̸ֻо
ڴʱϫ߷һĨ⣬ڣȻˣȫ°ɣ߾ߵģ
˵գǰٴһ磬ɨڳˣȻƽ̺һ׿ơ
һ仰һֳնʱž˶ͷѣһֵ̫ǿˣ
ǺǣΪһ˾ǣЦдĮȻ
Сһ̫ˣ֮⣬ǿפ֮أ֮ǶˣڰЦ
ش˾ھ֮⣬ֻҪκ죬ͻ˲ϢִΪл𣿡˵٪ӡ
ἰشˡ֣һǿһеļɵһɨգųϫĿоǲм
٪ӣԣҲɫһɣ԰֮⣬Ӫפиش
룬Է˶ԣҪϲ֪꣬ɶش˶ԣһִܹ
ϫɫݣƽ˵֮³֣˵㻰
һɫ΢䣬ɫޣϫ˻Ȼƽ⻰˼ȴǰԵޱȣɡ
ЩǿߣһֱΪû˸˰Ե´ͨ뺣
ҵҪ㿴֣һǿɫʲôʱҶҵȲ
ϫ磬ų⣬絶ƽһȥ۵һֱӱж֫Ѫ
Щǿû뵽ϫȻĸҶ֣ʱֽš
Ҫ˻ҪԶפصע⣬֧Ԯ
Ӱһͷӡ
¶ŭɫɲ
һɲǵķӦУܿˣ̸ʲôѵأһΣգԼš
ȻҲ֪ףȴȥѣսѾˡ

ǧʢģ֯һƬƬ֮Σٶ£Ұ˼һ˲ͽ·
һĻЩɫһ䣬׷ŭҪƼǶʱʹȫ򣬲شǰԮֻԼɥˡ
壡
ش˾
ɱһ֣ɱ
ֳһƬңнҪԸϫģֻԼģаϣǸشϵģһƬ
úˣҵĿ£ǵȥһƬУϫǱƽ쳹ÿ˵Ķϡ
񱻽һͷˮڳз
ϫ̤ŴУһһÿһ£һɵӳĵĻף
䣡
ɱ¾ʼݡ
춴޸׭ܷܲƣԳѭϣʵָﵽˡĵزǵٴζʮɶܽѹ
νһΪϵ˵ٳ֣ҲֻӵǱʵľпܴﵽȵز
ȻСܡ
ǳϫ춴٣ʧãΪҲѴﵽֵز
νƲƶ
һƻ֮󣬷ﵽΪϵġ
ʱΪѴﵽͬ۷ĸ߶ȣѲΪ¹ֻ轫Բ磬սܷǡ
Ϊ˸սڶԱչأȥɾ磡
ʱսУѪҺڶ
չɱ¾ĳϫٶȿ˲ƣ˫ͻٲȻ֮ضոһƬ꣡
Էźɱģɱ˷֣ûа飡
ķ۷弶кַʩչ
ɱֻ˵ĺ죬еĶɾ䡢׼赭дһӵϴ
ϿУάĪ櫡һЩǣɴ۾һ˸ݵӰ𺳵ԣ˺
Ͷ֮䣬ոһƬ꣬ϷɣǵǸĳϫ


707 ʥ
ѪƮ֫ɣҺ˷
ϿϿգһƬĿĵ޳һʢ硣
ϫɱȨףУƮ裬Ӱ磬֮ȻһƬѪȷ硣
һʵɱݽ棬ո
ϫûκЩ壬¾ϰˣǺεһɱǿںл¶ͯˡĸˣ
Щ壬ɱ
ԣƾЩٰ޺ǧģϫɫʼնûзһ˿仯䡢ƽĮ˼£ҲȻ˼¡
ϿУάĪ櫺Щǣ𺳱ƽƽ¶һĨˣǵǰ·ֿѪɺӵĲҾ·Ŀ޺
ǵ˫ȭԾգһѪӿͷԶһεӰбŨŨĸмȡ
飡
άڵأ絶̸һƬ£ϡ
һ̣Ī櫡ԼЩǣҲˢˢڵأɫͬάһһɼᶨϵζ
Զɱ¾ѪݣĿľ
ϿУȴǼžһƬиһɷ·̫أĤʱеׯζ
أһֹϵʽʱĺԸ͸жֻͶԲ׵ļִ
ûжԣĲˣĶԳϫĸжһϵĤݣһΪķʽ
ҲַֻʽڹǶԳϫĸж
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ͬڵأֻ˵һ仰ҳϫǴҾȵģ
˵գվӣһɨԶһӣжһĺڶǺȻ׹еĶ
ৣ
Ƭ̺һĨ磬˲ƣԶȥ

ڳϫ뿪ãϿϿգͻȻҹֳһӢ꣬ɫĳɢ˫磬Ƶ棬һĨĻȣء
΢УɨϿʯϽȾɺɫѪɢһصĶ֫ʬɫŶݣֻĿȴñ֮
벻һ
ջĿ⣬ޱ顣
䣡
һεٿȻɢɢ˷ƬϿȶԴݿ塢顢ڡ
ţÿٶȣ
Ʋ̽ʲô΢΢һɫһ̽һץֱ˺գ̤УٿȻʧ

֮⣬УһŻ֣ڶأһֱһ֧פһŻܣϷء
ôʱˣѻӦû˰ɣ
Ƿﰡһٶӳֵ֤Ŀĥߴڣ
˵ǻ᲻ʲô⣿ϾЩ߿ʧ֧飬ЩȻ٣սǲС
˴Χ˵Ķ飬֧ʧܣֱûˣ
Ǻǣ磬ǵϣ˭轲
ĴУʱһ̸פգʱһֻû˵˵ټˣҲЩפش˵صе㲻ͣмģֻܿա
ţղƺһӰѵۻˣͻȻɳ۾
ӰҲһݣɨܣѰҲûκټ
۾˵ϹëûУӰ˶˿ܲ
ǰԴֹ˰ô
ȷûۻѾͨˡʱһͳԵٿȻ
ǸߴӰٿȻֵֻʱɫȴǱ֮Լϵɱͷŭ
شˣ˶һһɫЩ
ĵӰǵĶ־ĥˣŻʲô˼أĮȻһһ޴ŰƵĽ𽣣С
䣡
һһĨͨ£ڳǿȫɱѪʬǶʣ񱻳ˡ
ϣֻһǧɵĹ֣ԨĿġ
˶ס̸磿ˣøҵȶˡ𽣣ҡҡͷ
һĻʱڳ鶼Ȼһնʱüž֮ÿ˶ܵͷųɭɱ⡣
һĵ׷˺¡
˵֮˸пһĿһĻķѱŵû궼ϡ
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˶ʱ˿аҲѡ
ϧ㷢ֵ̫ˣ˶ˣǷкãؽһ仰ȴһð
Ȼֱ֣̽Դ
һĻǾøǿ߻һ£׹ߡ
һУеɢ࣬һԾŻ֮ǰüѡ
ĵ黹Ƿˣ˳ɹѣ֮󣬿֪ռ˾֮ذɣ
ǣЩ־ߵģ
üͷһ𣬴ԴҲ벻ףһֻа˵ľһС
͵֮ǰ֪̽һĨӰԼǿ˲ưǼһ﾿ʲôˣ
Īһжɵģ
ˣ
ü֮ʣһɳƵûʲôȴһصضĻﹲ¡¡𶯡
˻һڳɫ䣬صƤҲһȻŤͷ
ԶУ֪ʱѶһƵӰԡ㣬嶼ģˣֻһ˫۾ԣȻ⻹貣·Էٻ񷣬أڳ˶һ
ȻȴڣҲ̲סһܵһϢ
¡
һɲǣڣڳڶǿ¹򣬸ߺμʣ
ˣȻһʥʣ
벻ѹ֮޾£ǾȻϵñ˵ԡеЦˣĮҲ˫еĳɫʢҪپ㡣
ʣ˴ҵȴƾ֮رϣΪӭع顣ع͸ľη
أһλ༶֣ܹ͵濹⣬˫ҫ֮ʱ㹧˳ԴӾηмӣ˿˳
Ѿоľѹ֮ڵʥʣѾҲҪ
ԡУһ̤һͨŻ֮ǰпҪˣǵĻᣬһΣٲʧˡ
ʱδŻã˵ţ֣̽ӿ⣬ǰһŻ֣ȼա
ظеͷޱȵŻһգۼ䣬Ȼͱٻһˣ
ǡʥʡƣһ޾¶μеľ


708 ۳
ǡ
ϲһʢ֮ĴУһ࣬Ǿ춴徹ڵء
춴徹һֻŮӵǿûʮţʵȴСۼ͵λʮҲ¡
꣬ǡǾ춴徹ʮһȵĿɽͽʱڣĿ⣬˷ŮӣѶ
ڣҲԵĽֵϣĴɼʢװŮһһķ羰ߣעĿ
ˣԸصῡܣӢҲΪľһһٻƵʢᡣ
Ͼÿһξ춴徹ɽţͽʱɶӿֳһ׿ޱȵŮӡ
ЩŮӣ츳ȺǾѣѵõòҲһһĽ֮ˣ֮òľˡ
һŮƼʢᣬܲǰ
ھУѰһʢᣬˡѡһ޲Ѱٵһλ£ԴԺ˫˫ɣҲ
ö֮Ҳн˽ֵʢᣬÿʱԻʿǰ

ǣǧ֮⣬һɽ֣Ⱥɽ룬ççȻ׶ޣҲҩ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£еҩк̼ң󶼻ǲԼĶ飬вߢҩ
ʱɭһѪǰ
һСſڵϣ۾ţѪһ࣬һݣͨ˱̣ɢŨ˱ǵ㡣
кǡҩСеĲҩˣλС˲࣬Ҳͬļ
Ȼһֱδɵ룬ʱףҪԼ룬ͱ븶Ŭĺˮ
ҪǣپҲԷ
룬ʲô
ȷŬÿβҩܳܵһЩ͡
ϧʱɽеҩʼǰѰٵҩ񶼱ߢһˣֻɭȥջ
ȻԽҲζΣԽ
ֻ쾳ΪͨޣӦԣֻҪ΢һ㣬ͳԲˡ
ڣȻݽǰȴΪݸ̾һڰߣ
ޣֻпӴϸһ߳ȴ֮ϸʿ
ȷԼһ߶ϣֻ¾ͽˣŲһ֣ϢΨֱˡ
ǵģûѡ룬Ϊһݶ̫ˣֵˣֵһؽ׷ˣܹõȥʹǵְȻѰһСɣȥ׷ԼΡ
ΪһУѵԣֻԼɹʧܣ

Ȼʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲɭٿȻлһЩžԵΪ̶
һڰ߶ʱܾ˹ͷ­˿˿˻һŭģ

ô
пһò̲סֿڣȻΪǣڰ߾ȻԼ
Ѫ綹ƵۣʱӿһĨ̵Ĺ󣬹Ŀ⣬úסһ
Σֵ£̲סһӣתӡ
ಣ
һƿӱ̼úë׶ûͷ֪ڰ߳Լɱ˹
ѵҪ
ĹͷԺͻȻǸԼβ׷ѰõΣвӿһĨĿɬɣɣѵԼԵ

ƾʲôҺܣ
ƾʲô
һԵŭӿͷúױŤͷ˻𣺡ģɣСүҲɱˣɱˣ
͸Ųʡ͸ɭУҶ졣
㡭û°ɣһͻȻ
ţѵɾˣȻ˵Ǹӿ£һɫұá
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ιû°ɣһٴ
һ£׻ع۾Ȼ֣һڰ߲ˣȴһС
ңûૣĸо޲Цһסˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ȻƤòɰСŮоȻһڰߣ
죡죡㲻Ҫˣǡ
ôУֱͣСŮָһŤ˺ڰߵԴ
ôˣȻһߣСŮһЦ
ʱͨ죬ѡ
ţСŮ˵ţ̧־Ͱ˹ȥ
ʱֱŵһϸߣвѡ

һЦ𣬺ſԭ֪ʱѶһȺˣѹѹһƬϰˡ
СһŴֲڵƤֻһ忡ˣһϮ˾ΣԵΪ׿Ⱥ
Сᯣˡ忡֡
ޡСŮһЦתصߡ
һˣȻǳϫˡ
뿪֮غǾͳƬɭУڴ˵һ죬մ뿪ǰʧꡣ
ʱ򣬺㳤һеһ־ΥİȫУһСǰϫлǰȣ
˼͸磬Ѵ˵ķӦп忡ˣ֧죬˵Ҳá
ιҾ㣬զлأС᯴
ллſҪлȴ֪γƺСˣУ⻹ֻǸʮҵСָʲôƺԷأ
öл֮Ͷѡ
ϫЦЦȻ˵߰ɣ˵زԶһǳأȥǱЪϢһ˳·ɹһЩ
ǳأ
۾һ̲ס·ϣǿϫᵽܶΣ˵ǳǳأСĶмʮ˿ڣøǧ֮ڣлɫĵ̡¥ջ
Щδ̤֮صԣǳǳеһУôˣǳ
ȻЩһôˣǳһʣ˴ķӦѵǴûʲôгǳ
ͷ֣Щд󶼴ŴªƤһȺδɽƵġ
뵽⣬вЩЦϣʲô˶а
̧ͷӭһĿЦЦضԼܿ͸һˣסһٲҺ˼롣
ܿ죬ϫǾ̳
ˣæߢһݣֽһڰߵʬҲһ·׷ȥ˵ǰǿҪϤĺܣҪ䵱򵼰ɡ
ŶҪ򵼷𣿡ϫЦ
ǰҺСҺĻҪãǼֱˡɫһ˵
ã͸߰ɡϫͷ
ϣлǰ׼ϲЦտüЦǰߣʼָ·ܿͶ뵽Լ½ɫ֮С
ܻһˣ֪ץסκλıϽһֱĬάͻȻڣ
ȷܲ뿪ʱһһЩرġϫЦЦ̧ԶĿ䣬ǧ֮⣬һΰĳǳء


709 Ů
ΰ׳ԶԶȥɫĳǽǧɸߣبԡڽӲӵУΡʥ
ϫһ˰Уûзɳۡ
ҪЩĲǶ֪һ硣
磬ԣûһغ𺳣ɶЩ޾µǶԣһжδ֪ġ
Ҫ磬ֻһ취ǾǶ࿴ȥҲﲻ϶æ
㣡һɷµص
Ҳܹ֪ǵĴڡ̸°ͣ˼
ƯС᯿·ʢɫҰס̾ھ֮أǴݲģһݶûС
һȺ꣬۾شܵһУǲľɽϪǿɢԼ翵򣬶оĿꡣ
άĪûпڣأֻʶҲһһεʶ硣
ϫһУа˿֪ЩһоˣͻȻһ»ͻеĲӦšη塢˱ܵ
ЩǴʱı֣Ѿܲˡ
ֻкⲻһУоԼһδԭʼУģģôĻĵ棡
Ȼ˲֪
Ȼ˲֪
ǸɰСƺݶûм
⾿һȺʲô˰
оԼԴЩˣǿиֺ棬ڳϫߣΪǵһС
ǣǻĹʱڣһλΪʥ֤֮أʥı壬˵֮ʯһ֣ͨһż׽٣Ҳǣ֮ţӴ˿ʼ̤Ѱ·;
ȻֻһƷ֣һȴɫʣ徴أŲйĴ˵
Ϊ˽ֵģȴսԵ֮նɱһɣ
˼ʿԣֱǲɵ׳٣ʥˣɴ˾Ϳ֪ʵкεȵˡ
ʥϫҲǾ̾ѣԵ֮ˣն¾һɣսôﵽεĵزˣ
ǰǰǡʱ򣬽ʱ䣬ڻ˷ľ˺꿡ܣַǷ
һ̸⣬Щüɫ裬˷ܵƣĽ£ϫܿ˽⵽ԭ֮࣬ȻǸʮŶµĳɡ춴徹
ǶΪ˹
ϫһɨͿ֮£ʱһݹ⣬ззбзݣϢԶڳǸȥ

һܿ׹ϫ˵Ǿ춴徹ɽţͽ飬ЦĿôαдʿŮģ˶ͨ;Ѱٵɰء
ϫȻû뵽ׯصһ£һʢǰġѡ
ӴĸӰƤϡҿȺҲ̫ˡ
ʱһݹӺάǣһһЦһֲ֧ģ
絹Ǻܱ찡ϧƤ̫˵㡣
ι˵Щ˴ò뻩ȡ裬ͼЩŮǵĿɣ
ҲпܣϾûʵûʱĻɫҲֻЩСϷȥˣֵһɹ
ǼݹһȺ꣬λ̬һǼҵ֮ǸһִҲ޹˼ɵضάͷ㣬Դ֮кԼڿͼ
ϫüͷһ壬ͣɨӶȥûЩֻ꣬ڿǵ̬
ǿΪ𣬵ȼɭϵ磬ĿҫȻҲгЦ衢ĥ
ĲһƬϣӵһŰֽҪǾƬгɳ㣬һжɱҪһ⡣
ҲһƵĳɳ
óϫοǣЩ־ҪԼĻҪͺǿֳǸտʼһ㶣ҧҧƺͨˣ±üᶨƽһš
ûж֣Ϊʱ̽Լļԡ
ҲٷŭΪѪȷ磬һ·ӵɽߵ㳰ǲδϡ
ףֻһȺͻȻ̤һƬİȺ̣淨򣬼ΪڻδӦһеʱѡ̲õİ취
ȻֻҪϫһҲ̬һиϵĵ˺飡
ЩԼĳЧٸȤҡҡͷݹҲƵسԶȥ
ĲάͻȻڣ˵
СǣҪ٣֮أ˭۸ǣһǳԲ˶ߣĪ櫻˻ȭͷ
ǽԶһЦϲѡ
ˣϫҲһЦƳһߵĺʵϵǣ
ղţЩʱ͵һӿһĨη֮ɫʴ˲һʡ
ǰЩʮ֮һĦĵӣ֮СʱǼĦɡ
ɫӵϧԽԽ֣ƾݣҪĦɵڣʵ̫ˡ
ϫʵڵأ
ʼ磬һεȻܹһʲƵĻȻʹǵҩ˵ְ񣬼һСŰ
˵⣬ɫͻȻüᶨִţȭҲʹֹģСΣֻҪŬ϶гһܴģ
ϫŷ֣ʵϽҲֻһʮѣ̫ļɣĥһ͸ĳ
һԵġϫļ
һģǰʵҲôԼ˵ٺͷЦǸܴ֪꣬ʲôзִ磬Ҳ֪ʲôʱýʲô
ܿ죬Ρĳѽǰ
ʱв˳ȥŮ飬в½еԵú֡
ϫ˵ĵʱ˳ſһ궯û취άǵŴ磬̫עĿģһɫļªƤ벻Ŀѡ
άȴ̹Ȼɫƽ
ҪȰһѡһСϫЦ
ȷӦעĿͬһЩҪ鷳άͷͬϫĻ»ͱȥӦǹؼԼԵô룬Ļ̸ֺ㣿
ϫʱһȪˮͻȻ𣬴һ˿ڵľϲ
ϫһŤͷȥҲɸеһ˿Ȼ
ֻԶǰһȺ멵ŮУмŮΪƯ˿ٰ£ϸ֫䣬ճһĨ޳Ķߡ
ΪĿǣ˫ţֺӨ񣬶ѩ׹⻬Ľ״ϵһϸĺ


710 ۱
Ůģ̫Ưˣѩ׾Өļĺͦ㣬յһλŵӡ
ӳ£ԱߵһŮԵð
ĿⶼѲŮϣ¶һ˿˿ȴ֮ɫ
չ
ϫһ۾ϳŮǳ̣̫սʱйν
벻Ȼ㡣׹˼ľ飬ѶЦųϫһﷺĹ
һԵĺһŵһĻλǰȻʶ
ǣܲʶ̣Լǰգм˲֪˲
ҲúоԼλǰˡ
ϫȻҲΪˡ
ˣҰɿһЦ㷢٣һ覣һɾ˵
춴徹
ϫʱȻ̫սʱǰУȻֻȥһʱ䣬ȴ㡣
˵ʱǺһһȺŮҲΧ˹һߴϫһ߿һȺƤ꣬϶һĨŹ֮ɫ
мŮüͷĿ¶һĨ֮ɫһţάݴֱɡżªࡣ
ϫ˸ܣЩҵǽãǷʦ֮ǰЭλͽû뵽㣬ɰ
̲ûע⵽һĻĵذߵܸͬϫ
ȻܳϫһŮѾ˵ʦ㣬ǵʱȣȥͼλϻϰɡ
ԣҸսӵϢʦƺƢˣǻǸϽǰȥΪáŮҲ׷˵
һһͷˮǲûЩϢ
һɨЩŮٲȻһӳϫģϫЩͬĿУε¶һĨĺжʱ׹
׹ףȴΪգϫԼѣԼЩʦʦòˣڳһӵģδ̫ˣ
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ϫĿƳЩŮһۣЦˣæȥɣпҲ١
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ϫ뿪ųά˵߰ɣҲǡ
ϫֵܣղŸòΪǣǽ̸ɣάͻȻڣղһֱڹ۲̺Щͬ飬һ֪
δЩĿУֻеǸȻоеԲסϫ
ϫɫһɫ࣬˵ά磬ҵֵܣԺҲҪ˵Щ
άͷһЦɣ

ڣʢֱĽֵͨ˴۴αȵ̷ֲڽֵ࣬ˮԵüΪ֡
ϫǽǣάװĹϵһ·Բɱ˵ָָ㣬Ȼû˵ʲôϫȴеЩⲻȥ
Ըһ΢΢һᣬųϫһˣܿһǧɵĻ¥ǰ
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һλʹӭֿ̬ɵϫһȺªƤʱƤסݺһ鴤Ҳ˴롣
ӭپ۱ÿ䶼ϸĦסɲˣҪĴ۵ġ
ʹ˵̬Ǻ䵭
Фɣ°ɣǽܡͻȻڡ
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˫ȭԾսҪһĨʹ֮ɫһš
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ҡҡͷɫǻָ糣˵ǰҪĶڶҴȥɡ˵ţǳһ·ȥ
ϫע⵽óƲԸ˵Ҳٹѯʡ
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һעөѡɾ֮ө̥֯ɣϱ߱һ󷨣۾´󷽣űܳˮĵȵЧ
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ϫһӣѡʲôʲô
ЩĲ꣬ЩһۣΪѣ֪ѡЩΪá
ϫˣԼһ޴ʱӦԼǳıߵʱŶԡ
£Ŀڹ̨һɨʹע⣬Ըǹ̨ʹߣ¡ġ鳾󡭡
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ϫһ֮ɫʱһ䣬̬ȳȻЩǰλӿǲһе֮
ֽؽЩƷȫװãŽУȻ󹧾ʵӣҪʲôƷ𣿡
ˡЩƷȫһ׾ˡϫڷԸ
ǰһ仰ʱ߲еЩʧ󷽵ĿɲܶһЩõнˮҲԽࡣ
ϫ仰ʱʱͻһӲһĿģ


711 ݺݳ
Ŀ࣬ϵµڱˣƤӶʵӣ桭һף
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ʹæҡͷУУУԵȣͰ׼ȥ˵ţŵĨƵģһܽ˺á
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ЩҺڲؾʱ컯ãһӵҺһ룬ʱŵȻӵ˵Ĳ
ҺŨɢ㣬ƽڻ֭Һ㣬ӿ˿˿ƵĴϢֻһζһʯ
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ϫһ֣İϰ׵ĸֱҲסһȣ۵˼¡
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߸ͷ嶣죬Ǹ߼̬ȼ乧׷񣺡ȽС㣡
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Цû㸸ףƾȽı죬ҲԻ÷ˮ𣡡
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ſȽС㣡ԶһȺƻĻ

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ӡ̡ͺӡʯͷǣҲһСɷɱȥǿɲ۱¥ʲôطȻϫ嶯ˣҲ붼û룬ȴ˵

ϫûܵĻңžžžһٶȽһʱúѪĿȫǣͷҡ
˻˻ȽͶˣһԹޱȵļС
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ϫͻȻԮ֣мòᣬǸΪԼȴϫֻ
Ҫ֪Ǿ۱¥Ļʢļ֮һμңǵĵ£ɾʹˡ
ǰǸϿܰɣ飬һ˳еҧȥˣ˵
ܲģҪǴңúȽ˻У״񲡣
ϫüͷһ˵Ƚžһ⣬Դ£ǰֱðǣײ¶һĨ־֮ɫ
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ٸ˵һ֣Ҿɱ㡣ϫؽޱȵŮ˶ȥԼɱ⡣
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С㣡ȾȽŮӣͷɢ׵ȽҲ֪


712 Ԯ
ߣ뷢԰ף̬ĿһɨܣеĻ˲ʧӰ١
Щϣ¶η֮ɫ
ˣĿҲһμλϣڤΪУ
ĿŮʱ¶һĨļɵǾ£
Ůӣɫ𪣬۾â¶ò伫ΪƯһһȴһָʹ°ζ
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ŮˣۼͽݣȽԵĺвٵˣѱĥ
С㣡
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ƼƼüһ壬οޣ
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ߣȻҾ۱¥ҰıӵһߣСģǽһˣ
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¶ŭ֮ɫȴǸе֪Լڽˣ
ΪѰǣΪԼ䣬ǣ˳ϫϣмΪܣݶҧ顣
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ǸһУһͷѵžԵüΪ̶
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ҲݣȻôҵҪĸ˶ԸɱڣȻ̧ۿϫʱʱһҲȻֹһı顣
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ղ˭˶ϫЦʵ
ûû˭ɫ粻һҡͷдôɷǣ


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ƼƼ°ͶϣţȻſڽĻУȴٸܲһ˿¶ȡ
ԼԮèƵģֵܱһ˲䣬͸оԼᵽˣ
ֲһУΪδ̫ˣҪ֪Ͼ׼ҵӵܣн綼պĹӸ簡
ʮŵӵҲͷޱȣжԶԶΪΪжߣ䱳̫ˡ
ϾϾ׼ҿǳĻ̣۶ԴǵǵˣⲻһЩǣͳΡ
ǰ꣬Ͼ׼ŲΪ̣ٲȻͳһͷˮޣ˭˭ͷۣ鷳
˭֪忡ʱȻԱƵģȥ˭ָţ
Զǰ׹ˣڱƸ߲㣬ϫںݺݳһ٣߳ܵһĻĻ񶼻ǵá
ԭ뿪֮Щ֣ݺʰϫһ٣ɵһλʱжʱһ룬Ϩҳϫ鷳˼
ҲǴʱ֪ǸɶĸðǧļһȻԼСеϵ
쵰ʱСûտ쵰꣡ȴ˵׹ˣ峤ĶŮǶûܹ
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ϫɲ֪һ˲Ĺ򣬰׹л˶ͷЦʵҪǸŮ˳ͷ
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׹㡭СһƬģȴ˶Դḷ́ǿзŭ˵
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˵⣬ݺһޣһָϵƼƼ𵱱ɵӣЩ豳űӺǸСģҶ㣬Ͼ֮ĹϵҲѣؿ˵һƬģ
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ƼƼԭһԹڳһģͼذ׹ϵͬģȴû뵽ĲһƿڴһӾ͵Ԩ䡣
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׹ӣҴˣԭҺôԺҲˣҷġƼƼ׻ˣڰ׹ǰ
׹һ߿ǽһ飬ٷҾɱ㣡
㡭߼ŭģû
ôҪμһ𣿡
׹ƳһۣɫǲмϽﰭۣڣǰʧɱûǣ
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ƼƼһԴҲ벻ף忡˾ǺηʥΪΰ׹Ϊ˹顣
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֮ǰеպƽ̸ҲУȴһҲֻʮִʱŲƬ̵
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ΪĹɵӡˣͬòȡˣҲǾ˵ͨʿҲס
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ˢˢĿۼߣнԶԾѵΰ׼ҹҪ;춴徹ŮӶԿ
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һߣǱۺ˵һԳ֣治˵˭ѹ˭һͷ


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콵Щƽ֯һֱӽʮ·ɫһ䣬˫ۺ£籧˦ۺݺƬϡ
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ս֮ǰϫԴܿռʮĶԿԽ¥ٵ
ĻͲɱػᲨάǣǿɲԸ⿴һĻ

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Ƭ̺ŵУһԵΪ̶
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˵꣬ӹʦͻȻ۾ȵСһʦĳ̨ͺñȽеĽǾȾָģ


719 ӹʦ
ӹʦͳ͸һɲɵζ
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ܿ죬ϫɫƽֵǸͻˡ
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ΪҪٶȣֱ쵽˼£յ蹦һٶʮʳģȫһһգ


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׼죬κһʦԣĹΣֱǷʵͿٶȣԼʳĴƷΡ
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׹ȴƳţ𼱻̨ǰӾͿʼˣʵںܺ棬ϫ⿵Ĳȣһӡ
Ҫǣһ뵽ԼȻ׿ڳϫĲȣһ޷Ƶ˷ܣζΣؼԺԸ˴ţƤ
µĳϫ⿵Ĳ˰нĸд˿ڸ
׹ϺȷţԼֻҪ¶һ˵ԼЩһƬĽȵĿ⡣
óԣó԰
ճ˵һڣ׹ֻһɶصζ˲ɢǻͷ΢΢һƴ㣬黬۵ĸоζڳˬڣ˳˼¡
Ȼ󣬰׹ȫ̬ˣһ˱ӣ˦ӴãֱԵͣʹ졣
ϫ̲סƳһۣһζãҲʵү̬
仰˵ҲڼӵһԼƨͬʱҲӸܵʦ
ʶһ㣬ϫнסп˶֪Ű裬˭֪ʵУҲǸ˼֮
ϫСѣϷΪղŵðʧǸڴʱӹʦͻȻһ£ϫǸ
ʦˣһ۾û뵽ӹʦȻ˴ȥһ˵ǸӹʦϿǾ޽еġ
ϫַ̧ӹʦǰι֮УղţҲЩˡ
ӹʦҡͷӻһƴСͨӨٵĺھƣݸϫΪ˸ֲϷĹʧСöơ
˽Զһ¶֮ɫǶû뵽ӹʦȻҪ֮ｻϫ


721 ȫ
ھƣͨ徧ӨɫӶغ
ӹʦĽܣΪƾͿԲμӼڡѳǡٰĳʢᡪ
ʱ徴һʦչ¶գһ񵥣ܹǰʮʦòͬĺô
˵ʱһ廹Ὣʥɹʹ͸ǰʦһЩر
֪һ壬˵֮жζоһȺʵǿеӸǴʦ
һЩһӵΪչ˺ʹ࣬Ϊľ⿳ĲȣΪеӸƸ
λ֮⣬һЩʦҪܻӭ
ǡɹһޱȵһ崫̫ʱڵʥд˱Ϊһ⿹ȣһϡ䣡
֪һʹָкεˡ
ҪμһʢᣬΨһҪֳ֡һʸҲǶʦһϿɣһ䷢
Ǻ֮ʦ֮࣬ʸһģҲֻӹʦһ˶ѡ
ڣȻҪϫʱڳʦ޲еһеš
ֹǲʧֱһԵ
һɲǼ䣬˿ϫĿ⣬һĨŨŨۣû뵽ϫȻӹʦʶ
˵ǣϫԼҲ⣬Ҫ֪֮ǰӹʦ̬ȿǺȻıβ⣿
ʦôǲе̫һʦӲͷƤ˵
ôҪϷľӹʦʵ
ʦæҡͷӹʦһĵӣĸΥԼʦľϣ
ӹʦ̧ϫݵѾ֮ɫϫСѣڳϵ츳֮ߣϷƽҲûܱȵ㡣
˶٣ͻȻ̾ϢϷˣյЩͽҲһΨһԸϻһΣֻϣϫСܹȫϷ򣬸м
ЩʦһͷʣǵȷоڳϺͳϫŲٵĲ࣬ڼʶ˳ϫһ˵šָ֮оǿҡ
ϫĬǰӹʦͷĻСӣлᣬȥμһ´ʮһȵȣǰһԸ
ͷԸϫһֱδʵֹʵǼΪεģԭ̫࣬Ҳ޷ܡ
񣬺Լֻһ֮ԵӹʦͬһƵóϫ֮࣬ǽ
ǵģΪ˴ͷԸӹʦԸһ̣ûκȥܾ
ϫС¾Ȼһδ˵Ҳûظ֤ʲôӹʦЦˣЦú졣
ƹӹʦʶô꣬ǵһμЦ˸ˡ

¥㣬һһݵġͨھĲǰ
ӹʦ⣬Ϊϫ⿵ġ
еʳͼˣһ𾪲ѣû뵽ϫֻǳһˣȻǸƢ֮ӹʦ㶨ˣ
һĿ⣬ϫЦˣûжʲôԸȳԷɣԹ֮Ǿ뿪
˵ţ򾭡ʼϸоǺ;Ż֮ĵͼ
λϲŻλ򱱷֪ˣһֻҲʮ֮һ
ϫûЩоǡѳǡ
ǳһϢĵطֱʳ֮徴綼ĸʢպ
ǳأλھŻɺ֮䣬һ޽һƬƺ֮еУ

ʱھ춴徹ɽţͽԭ𱬣ƼؿĽ
ͷβŵĻŮˣ
к֮ͽѴ˴δ˷ǰǵŮ֯һٻסòѧʵȵһһԱȣӸߵС
Ȼһֺõ飬ϾŮ÷գʤҪֳߵͣûһͳһı׼
ͼǴСϣʱһҵֳɲͬӪΪеŮ࣬Ͳˡ
ȻȫֵУһ˵ϢһԳɢʧµľ콾ϫ¥ŭնʮ
ȱըƵϢһ籩ϯֵ֮յȻ޴棬ֻһƬļžѻȸ
ܿ죬ּžȫǣټһǳأڶ̶ʱһԵ𺳡
ûЩ˵ŮЩŮǣ¶ݣͬ
һϢ̫ģЩйسϫϢнֵķзÿ˶֪Żɳһλ˲õľ콾
Ƿڲؾеһĵ¼ǰѳϫȾ죬ֱǹķͷ
ʧڲؾе飬ҲнעĽ㣬˶ں棬һž޵ǿߣǷ񻹴
һλâҫ۵ǿߣȻǣһٻɱܵںպķʮֱһըڶϵľף˶𺳡
ݵĳ֮ǿʼ಻סеļʼڣÿֵϣʼϢ
һ˲䣬ЩŮǣûȥעʼ¥Ҫһóϫķɡ
ϧϫ¥ա
һˣ¥ΧˮйͨǸ̷ϫò͵ŮΪĿĽ㡣
ؽֻҪŮ¥ڵһкгʹһ׷
ŮûϵᷢһĻǻƹ棬ƽϢһ־硣
֮˶ȷţӽ𣬳ϫϢؽԼٶȴÿ䣬һȻ󲨡

һУϫ֪
ʱѴάǣ뿪ǣѳǷн
ǲûжݿշУѡ˳޳ôҲΪЩ֮صǸ˽硣
ν鲻·̫࣬ȥһЧ;
£ʮð¹ŵ޳ѪϦԶȥ
޳УϫһƤоħ֮׫дġĵ̥ⲿ̫ħһ幦Ϊɬ£䴫ġ¾֮ҪϺ;Զ
Ͼ֮ħһĵ̥ԴħУνΪͳ֮ˡ
¾֮Ƕ˷֮壬ݶҲԳƵ֮Ϊ幦ˡ
֮һԴڱԴһǼգȻóϫǳ۽硣
ΪϲǣѾ⡶ĵ̥УѰٵܹԼΪڤ;ˣ
;Դⲿġ̥У


722 
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УάĪڤǿóϫĲ٣Ҳ㹻ʱȥв򡶾ĵ̥
ⲿ֮ɬ£Ȼֻٸħ֮ģȴᣬÿһж͸һɴһ㡣
ԳϫǳԿȫòòάֽ̡
άˬʣ֪޲޲ǾĲŮףϰ˹а壬Ҳ׿ڴڣȥƤϵħ֮ȥ
ҲάʱҲϫ⣬ֻԼϰľȥϫ󣬼ˣóϫǳ
ֱϫȫ뵽ε뾲֮УʱһΣʱʮҲû۾Ȼҡ
άĪ櫲ûдϫǲ׼ϫ޳
һ죬ܵžĳϫͻȻ̧ͷⲻʱأصķзݣܻ
ͬʱӨӨΧضӦ
һ̣һĶС
Ƥ׫дħ֮ģһööţܻɽӡǳ
ȫͶУĴĦȥ֪ӨɢһɴϾ㣡
ڶǰ·άͻȻüͷһƳ˺󷽵޳һۡ
Ҳˣ
Ī櫲֪ʱȻǰзһĨɣǵ̥ϢĴУֱ֮㣬Ԣ⿪̥
άɫдһ˿׷͸пԴ屻ھ֮֮󣬾Ҳû޳ɹȴ룬˳ϫֵϡ
̥̥֮Զǽһֵز֪ܴﵽһ硣
˾磬Ѫ⣬۶ɣһһĪ̺ϣȻѰɱȡ
Ī櫵ͷҡͷԣ󼴱Ҿһ֮УҲֻЩ츳׿֮ϡ١
˵⣬ҲһĨޣоϫʵȷ̫׿ˣһλ콾ƵͬʱΪ治֪ġ
ʱ򣬸Ҳ˶е쳣ᵽ˿һƶصĵ̥ϢȻᵭ궼ܵһѹֺ;ηָоͷ·֮һ㣬޲Ĥһ
һУϫȻεĸС
ⲻǾһν̥壬ϴѪǣ
֡ԴִգҪȴӦִϴ·ɱ䣬ͳνġ̥
ϫ֮䣬һɰУɢ㣬ϴ̳ʶ͸Ⱦ˼̻ʥ飬Ͼ
һУõһּĺôƽȪ֮Уϴӳһëϴı仯һ
ʲô
ϫʱһгĸоһƬ֮УԼһҶСۣ沨Ҫɱ˰֤
ɵĹУĥ͵̥һ̣Ҫʱƽʱ籩ޱߴ󺣴ϴ
Ƕʵһ̽һƼͲ̥Ǳܣ֤ؽһɳ죡
λƣǰ¹ȥ
ϥ޳еĳϫһоı仯ྻ覣һ㣬ÿһ缡Уƺһ˿˿ĵϡ
һ£棬Ҳѽ̶ֳȣȻҲرĸ
ʱϫǣеƹϷڵġ覽Զϣһ˿̳֮
ֱ۵ĺôǣΪ˼ߣ̥еͨ⡢꣬õһβƵķ
ңһ̣ϫоԼΪͻƽ׵ļ
һ£ҵΪȻԽڤ֮ϫɫ񾲣žܵڤڤ֮еһ˿
û޳ͣϫ˸³ԶԶ
ɽԶӿҰеһççɽʱϫȻ˵أǿа֮ңԶˡ
ɽƬɽǾִܵѳˡһԣĪЦ˵û뵽һ򣬾֮ãʵ˾ȡ
ôϫջĿ⣬ҲɰԸпһɽ£һǧĸо
䣡
ڴʱͻȻ֮䣬Զɽ֮УһͨͬʱһҵĴҲ֮ʱ֧鶼ͣ


723 콵һŮ
ɽ̫ʱڣһž޴ǳ׹˵أγɵһۻɽ
ɽӺبʮ缸ʮСң̲УǧԴڴˣɽи̲ҩģϡ
дţڴɽԸ׵ظǳ⣬ͨǳ֮֮
ȻʱɽȴһҵսħڶԾ춯أųʢ⡣
ɲޱȵһĻϫͣٽ䱸ٿȻڿգüһֻĿңԶ
һɲǼ䣬Բɽɽˮˮһһľһޣ绢ǣӥ۵ס
֮۵ˣ֮ʶĸ֪Ҫ£һȥԲڵ϶ԿÿһƬҶϵԱ
ܿ죬ɽеһսӳϫ֮УһͷںһŮս

ϫһ۾ͿͷݺȻһͷ˫ƽɣɢ纣⣬գצһӣһɾɽʯɽ졣
һͷѪ˫֮䣬ʩչ츳ͨצ罣ֱɷǬ˺ϲ񷣡
Ů£һƬǻ֮У˴ԼƮɣȻ֮۶޷ݣ
⻹ǳϫʹ֮һ״һоŮͬѰ
ŮСͶ֮䣬ǧ棬ͽԾʱ磬⣬ǵ·磬ѹ˶һͷ
ϼһҵʲôãϿɾ£¿׽ңڣپƲԳԷƣǿɱɱ㡣
ŮЦƣ㷢٣ƮƮԡǻԣһĨ鶯ǹѣһһһԵɡ
Ҫץ䵱
ȥԺţҪ֪һ壬ǻĹеĶڣ֮ƾã׷ֱسʱڣ嶼ϡ
徴磬ĵλ廹ߣĸʿҶȴȾָ֮ģ
ڣŮȴô˵ˣôˣ̬磬̬ɣȥһֻݣڽһֻСһ㡭
Ҳͽͣ˭ҪȾָҵıأΪͷҲɱ㹻ʴˣôڤ粻飬ɱɱŶ
ŮЦ˵֮䣬޺ʵ֮䴩۽Ĺοֲ˲һ
ŭХɫ˫չһ˺һһϣɽնɱ죬ԲɽӶ촷ۣȴƫƫκβŮ
սͻȻ˫һ£һ֧ǧɵĽɫ˺գȻֱӾҪ˲ƶӡ
ֻܽĨˣ
ŮŲæһ֮һУϸ۵ָţһƬɫ쵵⣬һˢʱձ飬һҺҲǴǧ֮з쳹ء

ɫѪҺ꣬£ʬҲǺȻ׹䣬ҲãȻô׵ˣ
ԶϫȻһҲһûпͷʵӦǵɼټ̫֣ͬȾ֮Уʵʿֻ߲ͣȴ񲻿һ㣬ױŮĨɱˣ
кεȿɲΪһ
ϫһоŮĿɲţһŮȻһͷɾĽ
ڴʱϫ̧һͼŮͻȻŤͷԼĿ⸦һԽӣͽסһ
һӣ
Ԩʯƽɸһӣ˵궼һĪļºͱ䡣
죬˰ϫæŤͷһеĲп
˵ôͻȻһöٿȻϡ
ϫһÿһ缡˲ȻŤͷͿ֪ʱŮȻԼһ֮أ
㡭ϫһ֮Ѹٻָ侲ŷ֣ŮϵǻԾȻʧ¶һϲĹ
ʲô㣬ҰͺˡŮһЦ촽󣬱ѩףüԶɽ죬پ£΢̣һĨƤõζ
ȷǸʮŮһϮȹ񻣬Ө֬⻬̸ۣϾޣȴһּΪͿĸоԽԽ˸оһֶص
˵꣬һɨ·˷ܵߴߴιЩ˶ôö˰ºˣ˾ͲįҾͿԽСһˣˡ
˵ţ棬žӨ۵СȭͷιιҺãǰ㣬ԺǺˡ
άȻԶЩɵۣͻȻðһŮûûεҪԼΪѡ
ָо˵ͻأ͹죬ƫƫأаŮȻȻûһ˿˼ĸоһж˲Լ۾
ϫͬȻѣһģŮеһͻ⻹ǸղǸһͷɾĿŮ
ôӣ
ιιʲô鰡ܲһˣˣ˫ֲڵɨˣС죬ĹĽе
㣬ҽСᯡСͻȻǰ˵
Сᯣ֣ͻȻϲЦտһˮ۾ЦˣǰǵС᯵СЦӽҵСˣŶ
˵ţ̽ƾһץѶһմ֦ͷߢ£εҶӣѩ׾ӨĹʵɢһ㡣
ԣֶ֭ܺóԵģϽ㲦һСУȻһڴؿŶԷ
άüͷһ壬Ҫȴϫҡͷʾ⣬ҪŮ뺦ǣô໨С
Ҫǣһ۾ϳóһѩȻһֺ֮Ʒα
ΪֵǣڳҲΪ̺һˮдϢ̷֮󣬶ʿˮа棡
һĻóϫоаŮ϶˵һλӵо춯֮ܵĴŮߵӡ
ȻóԣûƭˡСҧһںαʻۣ֭ˮë׶һ£ó֮
üЦЦۣС᯵Դҿɲƭ˵ģﻹкܶĺóԵģֻҪϲԺͳͳøԡ
С᯺ݺݵͷá
еһαݸСᯣ˵ΪԺһˣЩָС鳢ɡ
ޡС᯵ͷӹʼȥɷˡ
㡭ΪʲôҪϫҲ̲סʵ
öҪҲŶģôգգ۾Ц˵
ʲôʱ뿪ϫʵ
뿪ʲôʱ˵Ҫ뿪ˣ
Сӣҡͷôµ⣬ԼɣҲĵʱԼء
һûûεŮϫ


724 ֮
ɽǰʻ
ٶȲ죬߰죬ٰͣ죬ڸ·ɽˮ
ϫϥ޳У£뿪ǵʱ򣬰׹Ҳ֮Ǳ𣬷֮ʣǺպĴ竣ûŰ˵ģ󷴳̬һ£Щǡ
߳ϫϾ׼ҵĴã⵽ϵżϣϫпȥϾ׼һˡ
ԭ򣬰׹ֻ˵֡𡱣
ϫһ˲䣬뵽˺ܶ࣬뵽ĸѩ뵽ϼ壬ȷϾ׼֮УȻϵ˳û
ǸϢ
ĸѩãȴΪܵǣԼ˵żܹϾ׼Ԫ϶ԹϵкεȵĿˡ
֪Ϣһ̣ϫ޲ǰϾ׼һˣȥһϵ˾һģ
סˣΪ׹ϸ绹ǰսҲҪȵܻ֮ؼҡ
仰˵Ҫ֮ãлͰ档
𡭡𡭡ΪУҲĴأϫ̲ס̾˿е㷳꣬ƿȥ
ʱͣһƬ̲ϿУȪ٣ɲԴ䣬һƬԴһ㡣
һϮȹ˫֣ĹϲڰɷǻѹƤͿԳˣסҪһУȻһҧƹ⣬еĽҺͻһըڿǻ﷢ڣŨʴҾưģζġ
һԣСᯣӡ̡ͺӡʯͷ꣬Χ£ڰǰǵĿȫڰһϣʿˮ
ȭͷСʺ͸Ө͸һ˿˿ɫʯԣһ˵ķҲ֮ɢ
ǻѹͺαһϡ֮ģ̺һƻдϢֵˡ
ĵһЦûûεŮͳ˶һķ羰ߡ
鶣ƵЦԼǻĴԼӰÿ춼ϷƵģóѵһָƷ
ڲڣͺͶÿ˻죬׽С㡣
άĪ櫣Դ̬Ҳࡣ
֮ŮƺһԵƺֻҪ⣬ܺܿÿ˶ڵһ顣
ĵȷ໶Цǵзǵûе󣬷ǰԵ
ԭܼ򵥣ɷȥ޲ϡޱȣҩ棬Ǹһͷһʱ䣬ɱ
ܿ죬ÿһжһźӨӨĻѹ޲˸߲ңƵƵл
Цһܻͬϲ
ˣ޳еĳϫȴһҲ˲üͷһ죬һͷɾĳĿ
òͽ䱸Ͼֵʵ̫ͻأˣԵ޹ʵظԼ˽ϵһ飬ݡҲͬһ֪һˣҲɲóϫˡ
Ȼ㱾ԵȷǾ͸ˣͼıǶǶԾһ޷Ԥѡ
Щϫһֱڲźۼع۲찢㣬˭Ůʵж£һ㣬ȴûκһ˿ףóϫеĵˡ
ιԡʱ򣬰˳ܹųݹһŻѹ
˵ٱˣҲιϫüܾŮĺ⡣
˿Ϊ⣬ڱʯƵһתЦҽϫ˰ɣһùŹ֣ѵ㲻ϲʳôܺóԵģҪ㳢
˵ţٴΰǿźӨӨݹ
ϫһױŮˣ̲סʵȷҪһ𣿡
ͷӨ촽һţҧһеӺ˵ʲôʱƭ𣿡
ûһȭͷСѱСԵһɶȻȷԼ˵Щϡʳˡ
һȥóԵǮ
ĪأϫԺһ뷨æҡҡͷʵǰЩʱΪҪɱͷ
˵꣬ͻȻ˵ֻ񰡣̰ҵıҪҲȻҪɱҪ̫ˣ
񡭡
ϫǽסݺݳ鴤һ£ôһͷɾģҲֻǰûûεŮ˰ɣ
ıֻϡô֪ϫһʵ
¡˵ţѩײȡһɫıʯ״ϵıҿɾҲˡ

ɫıʯһţֻ۴СһΣȻγɣȻһ壬һ֣ȻһĲһƬڷ㣬ӿ֮
ͬʱһޱȵɢֻһ˲䣬ϫо񶼱ûԷתһعĸӦ
⻹ֻһϢٶȻ
һ˲䣬ϫͲݣһҹЧ˼򵥣ӦûòŶԣ
Ҳֲǽ֣ȱеĶ
Ǻ֮ģϧֻһ飬ġЦ˵еɫʯֹһ˲С
֮ġ
ϫһ˲䣬徾еһμأţ徴һ֪֮أһƬޱĴ󺣣С̫ᡱ
˺ͨ죬½ӱ䣬޾µıǨԵɺ֮£Ȼȡһ˿һ꣬޵꣬׽٣ɱһ
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732 Գ
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峤춼Щȥˣֹû취ȥһԷǳΪнһЦɡ
ˣڿʼĿƳһ۳ϫһȻݵģȴһ̾
Щϣһܺú¶һ֣Ҫֵ̫ѿԼһܲӦе۵㡣
ĿдһһֽϣһС
Уһ죬ܹʶֵ̽ǣһļֵ
μӸԵʦеֽҪֽĿ⿳һȣ߻ʤ
ܿ죬ʼһλǰһֽ㣬Ƭ̣һһѡʳģʼ֡
ʦ۾λߣҪһˮ׼ΣӶγһжϣΪԼ֮ж׼
ֻгϫͼʦɾܵĵ㣬ʳΪҡ
ʱһһš
һһʦֽ㣬ϵĿȥ֣˻ϲüɫͬ
һԣʱƵģÿһλʦһ⿣ͻᱻֱ̭
ֻʱ߰˸ʦΪû⿣Ȼ˳һһѾõʦ
ôеտʼýų
˵ķڴеĿȴûȥע⣬ûȥ˵
ȵһԿϫһݣǰʼȡֽ㣬ʵҲóȡˣΪҲֻʣһֽ㡣
ϫֽ㣬һһ
ʦѶԳϫĳΣٲȻһҪϷģʱ׷׶Ŀһֽ㣬ֻϱֻдĸ֡Գ


733 
Գ
ϿԳ籼˵ĸ꣬á
ʿԣ仰ѰζˣֱָģĲ۵棬С
򵥵˵ҪУļ̣Ĳȣһж̸
ǰѴ֣⿽һ֮У⾳쾡µرֳѶȣԳ
Ŀеһʦһ
ԭǱſϷ˼ҪһϫˮļһεڳģɵĿĿһȴ˳˼
Ŀѣ翣УѰԳһϵ˵ǸԽеĥһĿˡ
ԼĿָȥ
һʦ
ףһһڳϽԶЦѣиʹ쵽˼£ǹ˼ֱ̬޲쳤Хһ
췢ģҲû뵽ϫȻĿɻ
ȴüͷһ壬пЦѣθԵĿֻһϸӴҲžκ׵Ŀܣͬû뵽ϫȻ˵ù⸴֮ѵһĿ
ЩģϫɣΪԼвΪǸ̫ԩˣ
ΪһٵĿУоʮŸƫƫһԳģ
ڴ֮ʣϫֽ㣬ʼж
ʼѡԼҪʳģֻ֣޻ΣҺԼһ⡣
Ȼ󣬻ص̨ǰʼִġ
Ķһ˿伲磬֣𣬲ɽˣһԵɡ
һϵж˲Ŀע⡣
ڳ۹ⶾ֮ڳϽ˲֪꣬һ۾ͿϫչֵһУѴﵽ¯裬ü١
Ҳ˶ԳϫӡĹۣ룬ֻһϿϫıѲѷɫһҶʦˡ
ʲôֻѡģ⿳һԳ˵ૣЩɻ
޻Σһζ䣬һȣһˮһ𣬰ʳԴ䣬֮ƺЩװ
ǽҺԼԼһһͬҲ壬˴䡭Ǻǡ
ȷܹŹ֣Ǽʳĵַտ֮滳Գһϲͨʦ˴ʳĵģ
һʦ˽һͷˮ֪ϫʲô
λĪҪ¶ۣʦ˵ɡ˿ڣһ߹˹֡
ԣʦν֮жԳоģճףϫǷʵϣ˼ҵһֱܷó
˵ʱ˶Ŀϡ
һϮۣ׷ɷǣԣһǫãͳڵϷѡģӦǾ˼ǵģһˮһһһ֮ͨˣȻѡʳˡ
˶٣Ϸ⿣ʳͬҲ⿳һԳֻˮкȡһ޻Ρ⣬Ժڤ֮˽Һ
գ޻Σ룬Һֲܣγˮɢбĸ֣ζ֮ѣԳˡ
ʦ٩٩̸ǸʦĿԣ޲棬ѡ
Ǵʦͽˮ壬ݵ⣬ĵӵ˼£˷˼
һһĳϣҲðͷ֮ȷǽĶˣ۷塣
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һԶ̧ȥȻͷ֣ϫȷѿʼ⿣÷ʽȴʦ˵ȫһ
ߣĺʦĴһ˵ĳҲܹʦˣ𣿡˷
ҲԣᣬճҲû취ʦȡ
ǺǣѾԤϵֻҪһ岻˴εĸԣӱذɣ
ô˵˴θԵʦΪˣ
⻹л𣿡
ۣ˼Ѳٹעϫһһ໥̽˴θԵսˣ޲ʦΪá
뺬Цǫ飬Ҳ⣬־
չضʮأгʦֻһ֮ң˴βμһǹĦһ³գҲΪüһ
µľȫɽվӹɣΨһĵľǵһΣỨ˭ҡ
ף
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ʱϯ׵峤ͬһĿڳϫϣ¶һĨݡ
ܿ죬Щ˸߲۸εʦҲʦ쳣΢΢֮࣬ҲɰĿͶ˳ϫȻϵЦҲһ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ֹգΰӣɢƬ̹򣬴ѻȸһƬ
գֻ֮гϫʱ𷢳

ϫ˼飬רעǰĳ̨ϣʶֵǧֻ֣زٿı仯
Ķǳһ㣬׼ɾ򵥵ȴһˮҶţɡ
ʳġߡһ˫ֵƿ£һı仯⿣һƷӾܡ
ͣ
ڣڣ͹ܣ͵һƷ˷ɢ
˵רעƫƫԺУȴʱһĻĻ£̳ѧգɽҡǱȡռҡȺǴᡢ̫սŻɡ֮Ԩ
ƣҼѪˮ衢ˮ֯һ·ĿĥµĽΪ

һ֮ģ
ʥ͡εõΨнģ
ǧ˼׷Ҳ̶ѻӰӳ£ﲻš
أȴǼ죬徲һ˼
ϫľѳƵǻԳۣأң޾ãġ

һӡ
һȳֶʽܼ򵥣ͨཷ⣬һȥǲϿգȴɢ첻ͬ
һɭȻֲħħ裬ԩ˻ѪӰ׹ǡȲ龰
һɾƵľƽ̵أ컨׹飬ӿǹԻ֮
󣬲Ǹ룬໥תѭˮڰ㣬һĵӾ
ԾһƬš
Լһ˿޵
Ĳħѷ֡
ⲻƶ


734 ɹ
žѻȸ
ϫ˻ԭϯϸĸŵĵı仯
һԳͻȻһصԴڵģ翣ȴ޴ڡ
ԼԼܹܵ֡ΪˣԪʶһԴ
νѲ⣬ģܿܿϲŭ֣崣޲ʱʱ̿ı仯
ϧȴ˶
Ϊ̫ˣϫҲǴʱͻƣܹܵһĴڣջңԶ
񹤣
ڳϫĸ֮ʣһпͻȻ˼ž𵴴γѰ㣬׷׶һĨлع
п֮ˣϯ׵峤죬ʱһпĿһϵĲȣԼ͡
һ̣ѲȥƽϺͳϫ֮ĶԹʧȫǶһȵ̾ϲΪ̫ѵĺᣬͬŶʳȰ
һȣֻʳģȴܹ⿳һȣȳ裬ȷƵǹˡ
ҲǷ׷׸̾ϫĿ⣬Ǿǲţ֮֮ǰ˭һܹһ
һһĳȴɫЩҲòϣϫһ⿵ʵ̫Ư̫
֮ǰҲݺһѡ
ʦЩûʧһɳϫ⿶ġԳɫòеʧǡ
֮ǰ٩٩̸˵ˮɢб족֮Ϊ⿷Ҳõ˴ʦһͬ
ʱŷ֣ϫõַһٲȻγˮڣѭԲ֮ƣǵȶһĵĳ裬ҲɸеԲλࡣ
Ծʹ˸һ䣬ǰ䲼ʱˡ
һڳϣʼһһƷһٵƷ
ȻյĽҪڳв֮󣬷Ż𰸣ѡγʮվ
һʱ䣬Դеÿһʦԣ˵ѰΪ˵컨׹ǲսÿ˵ĶЩϰµġ
ܿ죬ֵ˳ϫƷ
ڴ㿪ʼƷһʱͻȻ˵һ仰ҪǵľӰͷζ١
һеͷеȴǲΪ⡣
ʱ򣬴ʦĿ⣬Ҳˢˢ۽˹ȥҪһ˵Ĳۡ
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ƷһȵЩУһֳһ޲ڣƳ棬ηһ㡣
һֳһֱ£һӬı飬жˣҿ飬Ҳα
ˣ򵥵һˣּ˵ķӦ
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ЩʦҲȻѣ⾿ôһ£
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һ˲䣬Ϊĳ֣⣬ڻȸԾԡһְƽ͡ȻķΧС
ݼڣ
Լһڳһ͵ؾ͹ڵأһ̬͸һɷԷθĳ羴
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ڳʦһ£Ҳæվӣû뵽ʱ˿̾Ȼһλˡ
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ɹе
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Ĳħѱ棬οһȣľɳαϵóȵĺûߴ꿪ڣ¡¡ϼɢӳĵصװ㡣
ûĺǳ⣬ĳϵȴ׻㣬һ¶֮ɫ
ʦҲȻȴԾˣһȣľĲͬͬĿζжߵĳ⿵ó
һ˲䣬ǶԳϫˣκ˼ɻ߲ɹһ㣬㹻˵һˡ
һԣʹ˽һԳΪһߴ국ڣ䣬ϼڣһﶨ
ʥԼһڳϹع
Сѣ֮Ѳòμսˣɷһ𣿡ߴȻŤͷ˳ϫԾѻࡣ
ע⵽һ˿仯𾪣ۣСӺεºܣȻܵõ˴ࣿ
ϫһһֵ
оɹԼΪԼ⿵ġԳˡ

ԽǰһܿѳǴС
ĵһȻǳϫ
һ֣һȻͳԾ
Ȼֻȵĸԣԣɳϫ־Ȼܹڵһλϣÿ˶еɡ
ף
϶ˣ
µʦȻ˳ϫ֮£ĽֱǿЦ
˶оһȣֱǺĻأϫսٿֲڳϣܱȵùʦ
˷߷߲ƽǰѯʲμӸԵʦȴõ˸ĿĴ𰸣ϫĵһȻǾɹԵģ
þ˶ƿԣɹݣҪֺóϫȻǲܵġ
Ϊ𺳵ǣʦԼҲʾϫĳǷԶ󼰣˵仰ʱдźε塣
һ£ѳǳ׺䶯ˣ
˶֪ϫս⺷ΪȻҲѴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزʦ磬ɹмӡ
ʱϫѹһؾУһ𾪵ؿŸߴݹһͭС


735 ɽ
ϫصͥԺʱǻƻʱ֡
άĪ櫴ȥˣϫһʲƵĲǼʲôʲôÿ
ҲȥˣЦȹŮԶ´ֵʱġ
ͥԺһƬֻʣϫһˡ
ڷУǰͭУɫе˵ĹŹ֡
ͭУֻһߴСͨӣֱ׭ŷܸӵĻƣǳݳ㡢롢ʥʹȵͼ
ͭбһַˣɳ֣򲻿
Ǿɹ飬Ǹߴͳϫ֮Ʒ
ݺܼ򵥣ߴԳƶҶȻ⣬ͭн˳ϫ
ʱҶֻ˵һ仰вࡢϻʵϢܹԵ֣ԣͭ¡
Ȼ󣬳ϫͲòһݺͻأ
ͬҲ˶Ҷһ仰ͭھʲôΪҪң
õĴ𰸺ܼ򵥣ԭͭУǾɹһ飬תڳ˯ȴա
仰˵ͭڣװŵǵڶɹ
Ҷ֮԰ϫ϶ȻࡢϻʵĴжϿ˳ϫȻͭС
ʱϫˣɹǵ飬ת˯֮ͭУǶҶ˭
ҶûʲôֱӸ߳ϫֻһƲԸɽĲǣ߲ࡣ
ΪβԸɽ磬Ҷȴû˵ؿƿ
ֱͳϫ뿪ʱҶͻȻ˵һɬĪĻһңʥݽ棬ϣϫء
ܿ죬ϫӳ˼ͭСķźãסһ̾ңһ
һѳ֮УԭǼ򵥵һȣȴ䣬ΪūĴʦֻĪգĵغ;ɹһԻջһͭС
һУ˵ķ˼ƫƫʵʵڷˡ
óϫܸоƺһֻεĴڲһУԼɶ꣬СľͱС
侲һ룬ʵѷ֣Ҷ֮Լ̸ԼͭУ޷ǲԼϵĲϻϢ
ͭУǵǾɹת鳹ѣҲǸ򲻿ġ
֮һѳ֮У˴Ӧͷӹʦŵԣ˽һԸҲǸ뿪ʱˡ

ȵһ죬ǰҲѡζ
ⳡչʾѹǰټ㳡ϣǰȥĦ˿ɽ˺֮
Ȼ˾ɵǣֱʼҲûмϫӰ֡
Ҫ֪ϫѳǣμȣȡǰʮ˳ɼϢǺ䶯ȫǣġ
˵ǰۿˣ˼ҪĿһ£ǳϫʲôģս˾ˣҲ˾ޣ
ֱʱ˵ϫˣӰӶѰٲǷʲô¶
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ǲμձʦһɫѿôӣҲ˭뵽һϫ˴
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ֻа۰Ͱġʳ֮йιιҪҪһգһкܶʳûƷء
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Ӧİɲڡ
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Ҿ֪ˡЦ۾ųϫĸ첲ȸԾѣĽҲ˳ϫʵı۰ϣȻ˼ʲôŮ֮
ϫȴһæ˦ۣȴϰֻצƵģô˦˦óϫβѡ

Ǹ˭ʱ뿪ѳǣڳϫ뿪ûãһҲִһǰΪһŮʵ
ŮӣͷǺڣգ˿٣ѩ׽ۣ续һɶеϢ
ԣһߡҲмλʵˣƺʲô壬еλ˳һ㡣
Ǹ˽ϫǾŻΪţڲؾɳһϵµĴ£ǰûնɱܵڵʮ졣һ͵
Ŷ벻Ҳһλ˲õڤʿʮ˵벻ȴնɱⶼǲɽһЩˡŮ˼
ʮܹ֮ţȷǲˣǲɽһЩŻҪһЩŲ֪֮֮صĴҲЩʥĵӲ
ǡԣһ˸п
ɣ缴ңеĹϴУǲ֪֮صĵӣ˵ճʮšħĵ̻ڣвٵӣžž֮ġ
տȻǾŻɣȻЩ꿪ʼһЩû䣬Ͼձ󣬶˭֪񻪷ϣһЩߺϹŶڣ˭Ҳ˾Żɵĸ
ĵһĿĵأòѡھŻ˰ɣһһȻ˵
кβôһЦһĽ󣬡Ҳɽʱǧ֮ãڽԵúһЩĵϸõİ취ɾǺǵĵһһдһ
˵⣬̧һɨˣ߰ɣѳǴգҲʱˡ

ѳǰŻɣ·;ǧ
ʱΪʦֻĪյƣϫ޲عţԲٳ޳ʼάǷɳۡ
ľ磬ʮ˷ɳۣǿֽܱ˲Ƶٶȣϰ˵ĻǾͲˡ
ҺãǻаλضǿŮ
һУһƬӲӵǹ⣬һǹ֯ɵĵ̺㣬һױȵٶȷɿ챼ۣգ硣
ϫԾѣֶΣɲ֮һ֣ҿɵģȻûþȫ
ţ
ɳ֮أһƬƫƧ˵ĻԭϣƲʲôͻȻͣһתһ񷡣
ʲôϫһ
ûлش𣬶ְ̽ѩֱۣһһĨǹУƾոǧ֮⣬һն¡

Ƭնʱ˺ѳһǧɳѷ죬ڣӿſޱȵʱշ籩ЩȴʲôûС
λ㣬ٲɱҶ㲻ŶһЦ࣬
ûСѾͷȻһ㣬ĻܾͻȻһŴͳдһ˿ɳζƮ
һӰҲǴһƬл߳Ʈ裬嶣ˣв֪ʱһĵķ㡣


736 汾
һӰϫ˶һ
Ů㷢ںڣ̣ͦ񣬺촽ԸУѩ׾ѪŵΣֳһԵߵջ
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ЩǣͻȻ߳һЩȻӿһĨԡ
ףֲãȻһͷѪβһɨЦڣȪˮء
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СúȻϵūҵݡŮӯӯȻ˵޵ĺ촽Ө׵ıݣһ𣬵ǡ
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ΪǣŮƺѵȴ˵ضʱǰ㷢٣ʵ롣
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СãѩɲʲôŮŶŮŴɳƣ˶оץƵģѪš
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Ļ춴磬Ǳ٣άˣ£ȻȴǰŮȴһƣǱģ˭
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ѩδֻЦС磬ʵָˣūҿ㻹̫ˣǹԹԸū߰ɣɱɱģһ˵㣬ūҿǻ۵ġ
ϫ죬ɫֻ֮ǷԸά磬ǲҪ֣½Ҵˡ
άһЩɻ󣬲ϫ飬ջѡ˷ӣĬĬ
벻С㻹˵Ĵʴ壬ūҶ̲סϲˡѩЦȻ̬һմֵģ
ʲôС磬Ų˺ͣһͷҪ쭵Сޡ
ѩ͵һЦСãҪôףūҿɲǸɵġ
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ѩˣ̾˿˵ô࣬С㻹Ҫ֣͸ūҵİ
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οԣѩĴڣʵò˼򵥣һҪ;

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ϫһ򶼶Щŵڡһð


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Ȼӵ֮ˣ
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ˣھŻҲѰٳֻ֮Ҳٳһ
֮䣬һЩ˵Ķ츣ϣż֮䣬ᵮһЩ츳ţӵиֲ˼֮츳֮ǧħ塢׵۽ͫѪȵȡ
Щ츳ˣֻҪزۣԺȻܳɳΪһ뢣ΪǱϲԵˣһʿ֪Ҫǿٱ
֡ػȼλŻţҲ¶֮ɫǴ˵еġ֮塱ҰָηӦ
֮壿ߣ˲𣿡ҰȻ͵ӿһƬ׽ʢ⣬絶ƽɢһɷ·ƳһаħϰиķС
׵۽ͫ
ͬһ츳
һ£ֵЩɽһڵȻˣͬû뵽ҿڳԵСһҲ츳
Ǻǣ׵۽ͫϧӵд츳Ҳֻս֮ѣҷԣƿؽľˮִ壡ʲôұȣԳƷԵ˫۱أЦѡ
ֻˣƤ𣿡
ۼҰһҲⷽԲһ仰ǵĮȣʱǷɫһ
ܺãǾֵ¼°ɣԴ߷һĨȡ
˵ţҪ֡
﹫㿴ͻȻ˰̡
޷ʦܶ÷ִ磬дѣºֵġ̵֣ﻰⶼ͸һʤȯյζ
ҲǴǲײس鴤һ£һջȴҲã˴βɽĸͽǰҾŻɽдһҲڱ˴ϤԷ
˵ţһӣԽ룬ǧɷΧ̽ϣطʢҫۣһ޴̨¡¡εض
ֽ̨ɣܲӷţһЩɫѪһɭۣһ֣ӿɢһŨɱ֮
Խ̨ҾŻԽʱԴٵĶԾ֮أͨĸͣжԾҲ޷˵Խֺ̨
ƽ˵ǶˣǰԽ̨дɣ
Խ̨
̺ЩɽһУԿԽ̨Ĳ֮ȻΪԾãֵ֮һɸò
ڲɽ֮УǰԽ̨ıҲܳƵϡˡ
ಣಣ
ûٶ˵Ұͷ̨ңңţδʼ֣Ǳ˴֮䣬ȴһοֲڿײ
顭
Խ̨ϣ˵ţ֮һƬմ籬ѣһ̶ı
ƾˣ
һ˲䣬ͰѴеĿ˹ȥǲɽ;ŻΪһԽ֮ĶԾ˭˭Ӯ˫żӰ졣
ϫܵԽ̨Ǿ˵һĻҲ̧˹ȥ
֮ǰǷԳԲѷԼû⣬ȴû뵽ҰȻվһ
۶ԷΪ˰ԼҲãǴǿ߶ԷţⶼóϫҰӡĹ۲١
ϫˡ
ʱͻȻһöڶ𣬳ϫ̧һͼޱ񱱶ˣ֪ʱԼλϡ
עʱʹ̨˻
һҺͰʦÿൣ˺ü£ǹְŭȴЦ⣬Ӳؾ֮ͰޱһֱڵĳϫİΣڼȻ쳣
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ϫľҽġޱͻȻһ˹
ϫһУһģŭɱֲƲס
ڵݺܼ򵥣ֻǸ߳ϫʦֻĪյ뿪ʱײ֪飬ΪͨҲû⡣
˭֪ͻȻ⵽صϮɱ׼Ŀ죬˶֡
׶뿪Żɣ׵ָǰһ̽Ѱʵóϫõġ
ľֳصǸһԳԼûܺúñûĪմʦֵ˵İοʵջһϫ
ûԣϫܹ뵽֮Сһŭ˼£޵˼£׵ıԣѡĬ
ž
򱻳ϫ߬飬ȴȻֻĿУȴһŨҷ֮ɱһš
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ҲڣԸĪմʦǣȻ׺ľ¶ֱ֣ҪԼϾɱ
һɲǣϫ޵üҪǣʲôҲˣֱɱ϶壡
һԵİޱϫ˵Щʲôڴʱһ죬𵴴
һӰߵķƵģԽ̨ϺɶѪش


741 ű
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һӰѪֹʺѪĭ
Ұʦ֣
УŻɵһڵӾһܵӰȻҰǶû뵽飬ս񣬲Ųյ蹦ҰȻʹˣ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ӰһΣͽҰס׹ء
ҵ۾ҵİ׵۽ͫҰһŭĲҽУȫڷ˫۽գѪˮ
ԭһԾǷԾȻº֣شҰӣ
ϵ˵ɫʱ¶ŭݣ׵۽ͫ츳亱һҰ˫ʹ˱ϣֻһˣ
ʲô׵۽ͫҲңһζԾֻףʲôлӿڳЩ˸ǵģ
Խ̨ϣ˫۱أȻɫһ˿ŨŨĲмλŻɵǰõģзִ磬Ὣһӳ׷ϵֻǸԷһѵˡ
ҾŻɵĵӣܽѵģһλŻɵĳ֮£ŭǳ⡣
λǰϢŭۣȻд裬Ȼⲻ˻ˣҷʦѾˣĻǺ治ˡһ࣬һݣڣȴһǡ
ߣλһٶ˵
ԷԲɽĹͣΪŻɵĳϣҲȥοһԾҲȷҰˡ
ˣȽҰȥˡ䣬Ըһϣ˵ҰҴ뿪Խ
һӣڵձЩ
ҰܣɸڳŻһӰʿҲܵһ̶ȵĴ
۲ɽǱߣһЦ۸ڶ⣬ƸղһĻǵԤϵһ
ʦܣɣֲ﹫ЦԽ̨ϵķ˵
ԵȣҸղֻ;Żɵĸλʦһ档̬٬Ц
ʦֹȻǺö
ţʦһֱп֮ͬѷ֣ò״סһսĻᣬĻʹ˴ˡ
Ҳ֪ŻɵĸͽǸҲӦսˡ
ЩɽĵӽԶ۲ѣһɿֵϷģ
Щ볣֡ػȾŻɺӵӶУȴ˴̶̼һɫ࣬ŭɫ
Ȼλɽķʦû湻񱱵֮úдһ񱱳˵
㣿
Ƿ´һۣ߷һĨмҷԶԾҲʵС
ʲô˼񱱳ɫɭȻһƬ
ȴǲɫɣĿһתڳ֡ػٻصһɨܿ˳ϫϣ̽һָϫ˵նɱʮе죬ɸһս
һڳ˶һԶû뵽Բ񱱵ӦսֱӰìͷָ˳ϫ
üͷһ壬ȴδֹ
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ܿ죬Ǿ£񣬰ĿͶ˳ϫĿһ˿ڴǰϫ֮𶯰˷ʵ־ﵽ˺ָ߶ȣ
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Ȼû뵽ǣڶĿע£ϫδһ㣬ͷܵҲ֪ʲô
ֻаޱ֪ϫʱܲãǳãڿľµһ֮һ˰㣬Ϣһļµ⡣
ܵϫУƺڼѹһҽڵķŭһŨʵʵɱ⡣
ԣʱⷽԾȻìͷָ˳ϫҲǵǲѣϫʱ״̬ʺս
ڣճƣϫһֱĬ
أЩɽĵӲͷˣ׷Цڡ
СĪǱʦָղŵӢ˵ɣ
˭֪أ˵ڵУŶĳ˵ֽϻһ㣬һͱơ
ǰֻͣӦսˣĻӵڣ
Сڳ֮˶ǺεȻǽЩ˸һ˲䣬ϺЩǵɫѿࡣ
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üԶǲѣΪϫĳ֣Ƕһǿ̣뵽ᷢһĻ
ϫ
Խ̨ϣһͣЦӦս͸Ͻ䣬ϲҷԣҪҵʱ䣡
һȣѱһ˿Ԫ㣬ֱڳϫը졣
Ŀע£ԭĬĳϫȻ̧ͷһԱûһ˿ӣӳÿҰС
һ˲䣬жһͻ˵ɱ⣡
ޱϫڳϫƽĮĿ֮£źεȱŰɱֱŷ籩кХ֮
ڸ̧ͷˣЩԸһϳϫǺ޸ӣҲһ߷һĨЦ
룡
䣡
֣ȴϵĴ¡Խնܾͬ㣬ҹ
һЩ⧲һѪݣλ
ÿ£
ҡҷǰһͿϫǾεӰ֪ʱѳԽ̨ϣǹԣŨںڵĳ裬忡ݱĮȻһǿյӣûκθ顣
һ޷ݵɱ֮ܺӳĵ֮߳ɱʬɽѪ
ܵɲƣ޲ɫһ䡣
Խ̨ϣҲһɫϼѭγһʺƵ񻷣ƲݣŸоһɡ
Ȼһֺֻնִָÿһʢ·ɣΡ롢һɱǬĿֲơ
ѭܱ䣬Ԫ£Ϣ
ܵһ֮Ŀֲɫ䣬̤գ˫ʩչһ̺ľˮִĿֲ۳һɫ֣һֻն£
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ײѣʮɽҴĿĹϼȻɢײԽ̨ܵĽϣһľ졣
ǵ龰ֱڳɫһ䣬ԾѣǣҲûһӡ
СѣᣬƫƫűһĮӳʢâд
ϫǾεӰ֣һĨ磬˺գһѵִǷǰ̽һץ߬ס˶Է֣
һ֮죬ֱѴﵽ˵ĵزЩ棬һľѣϫСһȻ⺷
꣡
û˻عһ̶ĹǷԵָȻϫˣ
һдָϣŤһ黨ֱ۵÷̲ס
˭Ҳû뵽һʱ䣬ԭ֮ķԣһԲɽӵ֮֮ӣȻϵ֣
һֱ֮Ǻţ


742 䣬
ļڻصɽ޲ɫһ䡣
̫ˣ
ӽս֮ڣŲһʱ䣬Ծͱָ֣飬ֱǲûӦ

ɫŤԪŭɫ⣬޸ֱӳϫԴն¡
ȻֱϣֱҪͳϫƴòˮɼеһҲǵʹȻ
飡
ϫһƣܣһ˳ֱӳڶϣֱӽݺݳ˳ȥڱѪףݶ伸š
һĻֿһϫĶ̫ˣ򵥵޻ڣƫƫױȵݿ࣬öָûκ赲أ
жֲΪһ
ɽǱߣ˵ɫòһţЩУԵʵһ񣬾ȻֵֿضûУνܵˣ
˭
ʥУɽĵӣ
ʦŵͳݱȻ䣬ֲ̿ˡ
ЩˣΪһĵӣһе֮ӣΪ׿ʵޣʦų
ǿʲôʮšħԶԶԼʵۣԼԺɨͬʿȺˡ
ʵҲȷˣǽŻɣܵΪ¡صĿԳǺݺݽѵ˶ԷһԲѷĵӣһУǵ͡
ȻȴûϵԳϫԾȻ֮ܵ죬ֱ޸֮㣡
ֻа﹫һڵ棬ɫ򶨣ֻԽ̨صĿȴǵĲƽ

ۣ
Խ̨ϣѪͷɢצƵŤһţȾѪ֮ǰǸ߰ŵģֱˡ
ֱ֣ݺһ⣬ܵ˾޴Ĵеһĳ衣
ÿҪ裬ӵ֮壬ӵгΪǱʣ츳Ⱥһ·޲˳˳ˮܹ裿

ŭ״һץ˵һһѷӿг֣һ͹ӵĽ֡
ڽֱߣӺȻȥӡһͼɽľǳ˵̻ũ
һס˽Ƿ˵ʶΪ֮һ䣬ǣһϹŵ;£Ǭͻͺƴ
Ϊ˵ǣǱϵ֣Ȼ˲Ϣϣָˣ˵Ʊ֮ǰǿʢһֹ
Ǭʵ
ʦַˣ̫ʥǬµһڵ̺ʥʹʵ֮һʩչǲְ֮
뵣ģڳһڵǿ򣬲ᷢģҲǳϫ䣬Թ˳Խ̨
ԼһѹױЩɽĵһ𾪳
Ǭʵһ̫ʱ̫ʥǬʵ彣Ȼ𣬿ǿĳ棬һ
Ǵ˽Ͳ뷽֣֮Ͼȹ屦Ҳֻеɷܷȫ
ɽһ˿ŻǱȴֽϾǷеǿڽ̫ƴ̫ͬѰˣ϶еһ˿ľ͸˵֡Щˡ
ͻͺģѽ
Խ̨ϣֳǬʵԺһƴߵ𵴶ʥ˽̻طĺ´گļ¡
磬ȳΡ룬һն
䣡
ʥ꣬ƺ嫣һ˲䣬ϫ͸оһǵصȫסԼûκɱ⣬ǰʰǻ۵ȵʥϢƴ
һƣϫоԼƺһʥˣΪһ֮Уȫʥ˵Ϣ
仰˵һʥһֻʥյĴ壡
ʱȴ˲ö룬ķŭɱѴĻ˼
ûκԥ̽һץһѪ浹תǺе
䣡
һһգضɫ䣬ѪգŨɱѪкиһ󱯺޺֮ޱȣ˻ġ
ףǡ﹫ƿʲôԽԽɫһ΢΢仯ɲ
ƺǡʥ˵ĿⱬܣڳϫһѪϣɫͬɡ
ֹˣڳˣѪиܵһļ£һֱʹһʥ˲ֹĲ̡
飡
ʥΡ룬Ѫֱ嶷߽棬⣡
һɲǣԽ𶯣ƥĽڳײʥڷŭƺ˵˼£ڳ˶۾Ψִκϸڡ
顭
ǬʵѪײԺͳϫʩչ£ֱִɱ޹⣬ձ飬һƬҡ
Խ̨ɾŻɵͺķѴĸͣƣͱٵˡ
ǵƣֲ̫
һʥ˳٣ǻۡʰȺƴͻ͵һȴѪɱŨңҪ߱ʥɱʥˣ
ҲΪĶƴڽ֮ײôҡҷһĨκˣ޷ƽ
ʥ﹫òգǷĺ촽Уѵ³֡
ͬʱҲϳ˳ϫǿѪһ૵ǰһϼһһʧ˲ؾô
ʥ
ţ˽̫䣬߱ɱʥˣѪأȾ죬ʱҹʥѪ꣬һʥ˵ı̫ţ磡
˽һλ߷ӡ²˽ɵɱ¾ԼǿֲҲһֽɣ̸ɫ䡣
ֱǰ˽űһĳѰٵ£һʥϧ֮ͺһλ峤һʧ˲ؾ֮У˶̾Ϣѡ
ɫʵĽ֮Ȼ˳ϫУβԾ
飡
ڴʱԽ̨ϣ׻˵ɳȥеǬʵ˵һգʧ
㡭㡭ʲôԿѪɫ԰ףּвѣû뵽ԼƾǬʵȻκβóϫ
ϫûлشɫĮȻ䡢ѪߺڰѪ֮еһһƳʢⱩӶȥ
ͣ
ֻ˫һʹ类شǰٿ̲סһ˳
Ȼһ۾Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡Ծ֣ĲҺ˫ס۾˻
ϫĮȻֻ³֣䣬
䣬ɱ


743 
䣡
һ仰䡢ɱ𵴴Ужһͻܵ˳ϫ仰Ǻεɱ;ġ
Ҳû˻ỳɣϫô
ϸĵ˸Ƿ֣ստʼϫÿһδǷԣԼķʽ
ָƣԱ֡
ָŭԱݺݳһ⡣
ԸղشҰԳϫҲӡ
ֱʱϫһ䡰䣬һڣһĻش𣬸ղڿս֮ǰԿǽóϫ䣬Ҫ˷Ѵʱġ
еգʱѹޱȡ
һд裬ȴݱһĻ˭û뵽ġ
Щɽĵӣɫѿ֮˲ҰܣҲܵһĪ衣
۾ŻǱߣǻϲһƬû˿ڿ༥ʲôüǲ¶ĸ˺˷ܣȴĳ㣬̵Щɽĵһɫŭա
ֻа﹫ӳϫһѪ˼һ㡣

Խ̨ϣһƬ˫ĿѪɥ֮ȮڵأĻһ˿֮ӵķȿԣ
һУһȴųϫųϫһѪ¶ŨŨԹ֮ɫȴǾ֡
֮ǰ뵽Լ֮ܵңƾǬʵ̫Ȼǰˣ
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䣬ɱ֮ϫĮȻӱкХ÷̲סһ顣
д裡ԾԳϫĮȻ̬ȣҲɻˣǲɽĽӣɽŵǱޣδۼ飬ϫ֮һûС
һϫ޶ԣֱֱӿڣɱ¾֮˶еһֵ
ԭĴңΪϫῴڲɽϣⷽһһһĻʱףԼ̫ˣǰϫֱǸɱǣ
һ̣ҲӿһĨֺӿȫֽű̲ס˻𣺡ֱ֣̫ˣɽ;Ż֮Ļ𣡣

һ£ǰ﹫Ҳˣü𣬳һŭ⣬иӿһĨ亮⡣
ϣֻһдѣǾŻµĵӣеˣ俪ڡ
дҲӮλʦһֱԸ䣬дȥˣϷ򡭡Ҳûа취̯̯˫֣һΣȴǴˬѡ
ϫıֱ֣ݺݳһڶĻŭţǰݣ޲øƳһˡ
ĵӰԺһúú࣡
﹫û뵽˷Ӧü֪ԥȥֻ·пֵʦܣ䣬֪ܶ£ԣҲδһĥԵĻᡣ
һɫұãȻһЦɳ˵ҡҡ䣡֣Ǵмһ͸ŨޱȵԹޡ
ϫϵˣ̧һţֱӽһ߳Խ̨

ЩɽĵΧ£ȥԸеҲܿⷽڲɽĵλҲΪ
ϫתҪ뿪Խ̨ڴʱͻȻ˽еţд裡
ϫüͷһ壬פ㣬һǿ԰еĲͺɱ⡣
ĿԼеѪϣŨѪĽɢ޶Ĺڽλãϡ׭һӲȱּԼһ֣ȱһС룬޷
ϫղŶԾʱѾ֪˽ǡʥһԴ̫ųҴɫʵĽ֮
ƿĿ⣬üԽ̨¡
ɽĵӣִһҧҪԽ̨սϫãóΪӡ
ʦ֣ɣһСӳѹˣ
Уʦжңʱ˿̣Թۣ
Ϫʦܣʦ֣ǶˣҿҳְɣǡͨҪСӺúýһ
һĻϫüͷֱӿڣҺæ
ǵģ֣ȴϫ̬ȱ쾡£ǻ򲻴򣿲͹Ҫ˷ҵʱ䣡
һӣڵʧӰ٣žһƬ
Խ̨Ͼ׿Ӱ񱱡ٻһ̾ԵϫʦʵǰԵ
۲ɽǱߣȴһɫ˫Ŀֱ֣һӾͰеŭȼˡ
﹫ҲǺ޵ĥĥҪˣ½ƽʦֳ֣
½ƽ
ԣЩɽĵһĿһ࣬ϥһ꣬ͨͨ˶֮ͨ˺Ĵڡ
ƫƫأЩɽӵĿʱжԽһĨײļɵ;η
һĿע£½ƽ˱оƣɫƽһԽ̨ȥƽȣ죬꣬һּµС
һһжģѻȸ
϶ʱ۾һУо½ƽܲѰֳʣŲһ˿
Ҳᵽеı仯һɫҲˣܲ򵥣
һпˡ½ƽ̤Խ̨﹫ͻȻƳţڵ
½ƽû˵ֻǵ˵ͷ˾ͬһĬʯ㡣
Խ̨һ࣬ϫ۾һܵԷƽȴ̺һɾ˵İƽķ籩˲Һӡ
½ƽɽӡ½ƽڿڣƽκεԽˣԵɲ
䣡
£棬ǸʡòΪͨ½ƽϣͻȻһ֮
ͬʱÿһ缡ϣһĨɫʥԣܻޱȻԻͶׯϵϢ
һ˲䣬һˣƽȴͨԻ͵ȴɢһɽƲʣ
ǡϢ
ԹȻģɽĴ֮У̺ŲĴ壡
ӾȻ˹ֲճ˲ؼΪĴ֮һԺ͹ڰ١̫ȴ⣡
һƬȻһĿˢˢ½ƽϣɫ޲ɢһ˿֮ɫ
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ͬڷУҲǷһ飬Ӳһܡ
ϫ⣬ԼʵֻҪʮԲϵڤǿߣ˸Լ֡
ǰ½ƽǿȴδܵǿҵвУҲͱʮǿһͷˡ


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ڲɽУ½ƽǾΪֹλļĴڣ˴θ﹫ٲȻڶеĵһˡ
ʦų˵ƾ½ƽ֮ˣʮšħ֮УҲֹھȺףɧĴڣԺɨʮ֮˾ŵ꿡壡
ϫ˵ã½ƽʦֵĶ֣
Ƕ½ƽźڴ
ʼɡϫһ˵
ԽԽѹȥʱ䣬Ѳ͵ԼعϢ֮󣬻
ԣսپȻ뿪Խֱ塣
ȻڴʱͻȻ˵һ֮⣬ڶһƮӰӽƮȻ
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ǧ֮һɲǣһֱƽҲײ΢΢һ䣡


745 
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ǳϫѪһתϷ֮һƬĻ֮ʢתһɹɿֲ𡢺Х
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Գֱѹ࣬ѵõսϣҲѹ½ƽһͷϫӣֱһ̥
ϵһڵ棬۹ҪΪһ۾Ϳϫһ̺֮жֲ
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ΪǶоõϫһɲǱȫǶеһļ£ɣϫΪܿ羳͵սˣ
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ʱѩʩչµ汾ϫðգܺѩƴ£Ƿԡ½ƽЩܱģ
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ǰ﹫һѣվĿԽ̨һ¾ɽӰɫɢһļµơ
ͬû뵽½ƽܣû뵽ϫսȻԤһеû뵽͵ʶһ⣬ƺһʼԼ˶еСʮеĵˡ
أ͸һĨ˼һĨȻƺʲô

ۣ
Խ̨ϣ½ƽɫ԰׼͸͵һѪɫתŲϢأҪ
±ѹɫƽ粨ĺˮʯͬǲ壬ƺκﶼ޷ǡ
ȻǣʩչبųطҲ޷ѳϫѹ
һֲֿѹ񣬳㲻࣬ҲҪ٣һִ֮Ķ޸֮֡
ΪԼΪ˶ԷһŻԼġ塱ߡ
٣벻㾹Ȼڤе֮߰һ䡣½ƽͻȻɫƽ˵
ѿƽһʧ֮ϣûһɥɡҡ
ϫ½ƽһۣ㼴֡
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ȴھŻ֮ڣ½ƽҲж֣ǵĺͶ־һֳޱȵĴ
ŻǱߣһϲɫܲѡ
˭Խ̨ϣϫڣ˾Σ忡ƮȻһһٲȻ¶һ߷緶
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仰˵İԵЩɽӶУȴ˵ŲһǶҧҧսȭͷ
﹫üͻȻֵñˣһд裬͵Ϊֹɡ
˵ţһ˦һĨɫֱ˵УԸķ䣬ǡ֮һȡء
ϣ̧ٴ˳ϫһۣ㼴תŲɽˣת뿪
ˣͲɽĵ뿪
ϷԸϣ̲סЦ

ԭд֮ǰǰ﹫ʹһԼ
ŻɵĵдɽĵǰŻɺصأ̨
֮﹫ύŻɲ
һֱʶԼעߵĵУҲֲ˽ţϫջͱ𼱻ٻ˻
ڴ䶨Խնʱ֮
һʧ䣬ӦһдеǣȴȫΪǣűսĹâȫȫϫڸס
˶ԳϫͶȥ˳羴񣬶ȴֻϧͬ顭ջ֮࣬Ҳƾһɼ褺
˼֮ʣ˵ĿⶼϣһɢԵϡ


746 Ȼа
֪䣬˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢһϣɢɫԣͨ㣬ޱȡ
Ȼһ伮ȴɢһصɡ
ǲɽߵ䡪
ţǲɽУһڲ֮ȪӻʱӴ䣬ȪˮſԲƮɫԣֻҪһΣɵ̥ഺӵʵޱȵ޵
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﹫һԭֻһġˣޱȣ޷κμֵȥ
Ͼп̺Ųİ壬˲ɽĸӵȹ屦ܲ򣬾
һӣ˵ĿⶼóޱȣԵһڵ棬ҲסĶ
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ҡҡͷ̾Ϣϧֻܲ죬Ҫ˶ʱڣаգϼѡ
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֪⡶Ϊȴеļ޲ץкĥһ
ȵ͵£ҲµʱҲǴΪĶ
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һ뵽⣬ƣһƳȴֲ֪ʱϫȻ뿪Խ
ѵ᣿
һ˲䣬಻ͻͻȼһĨȵĿϫһߣڳ֮УƺҲֻԼʸĻᰡ
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񱱡ޱٻص˸¶һ˿ãſڳϫʦܣտڳϫʦܣ˵ĹûʣĿɾ˵ˡ
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ȴը˹û뵽Ƶ͵ʵ򽾰𣬾Ȼ˵˴ԲѵĻԼΪа
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ˣ𴽱߲ɷһĨ޵Ц⣬ķӦ⣬Ҳ֮С
ϫڣڴ֮УΪߣЩɸ߲㣬Ҳϵǳ£˭ָΥ⣿
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ʱٻػȻ߳һģʱɫ棬һһ˵˭ģ˭ģҲϣϫʦܵŬ˱˵ļ£
ü۵һĨ֮ɫŶʦýĻеһʦţѵʦľ񣿡
̸ϣֻʵʵ˵ѡٻɫݣȻη¶в֮⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
ޱҲŵûκθɫʣйҪͣοʼգϫʦҲδʾ⡶ûȤһУֻʦֵܲˡ
ٻءǰޱ󶼴һٲȻ񻪷һŮӵֱӺ˺ƤҲٰ಻ס
Ҳͬ⣡֡˿ڣ񻪷ϵһӵ̬ȡ
ԣⲿֻгϫʦܲʸҵҲŻķڷ
졣
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Ҳ׷׿ڣһ浹ֳ֧ϫ
ɫʱˮѿ֮û뵽Ϊһϫڳ˾ȻҹȻԼа壡
һǿ԰еŭˣǰĿϣϣ˺ϡ


747 ׻
ȻóǣֱĿ⣬ڣλ˵ˡҲֻгϫʸ򡣡
һԱߵһڵ涼΢΢һָֻһɮ붨ģ
ǲŲں룬ֻξѡ˳ϫ˲ףԺھŻڣֻҪȫֺ֧ϫˣ
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𶼱ӣɼԳϫжôӣ仰˵δѡƽ̽ӰˣȻԳϫ
Щı㣬ڵ쳣ΪϫѣٲȻһһʤ̵ģ
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ר϶ãֱӽҲֻܱʾ߿ȴıʲô
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֪һжΪŸռһʱļһвһǿҵԹ
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ૣȴԴԺֻԼѱס񻪷һ˵ĵλˡ

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һָо߼Ȼ˵ص³Ȼޱȡ
֪Ѿ뿪ˣڴʱͻȻ̧ϫдһĨĸ֮ɫ

һ֣ϫ׻һƬհף


748 ʢ

ֶԳϫ˵İϤϤΪס
İΪ𣬸δһ棬Ҳûһ˿йظ׵ӡҲûУڰǰ֪Լ׵ֽг
ԭϫֻΪǸΪͨ̳ǣС֮ƫһ磬ɺΪԽߣʶԽ㣬ԼоײûԼôͨ
ͨܽʶشϵĸѩ
ͨʶϾ׼ҵŹ㣿
һУԵôͬѰ
ֱʱλèߣҲ˵֣ϫ֮ҲͿ֪׻
ͨȴͨھŻɵĵλȻ⣬ӼϹϾһĪϹŶ
ϵøףϫܱ򶨣
һΣϫԸ׳ޱǿҵĺ棬һˣ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣǻڣͳºͣһľһ¡
ǰٿʢᣬһʢᣬֻиĴܲ룬ʱܼʮλΪͨĴʥء
ʢʥصƽ̡ƻ
ⳡʢĿĺܼ򵥣ֻΪıȡһʥǳ
˵ǳǰǰһٴµĴڲλߵϴУһΪصͼ
Ҳ˵ͼƾ̫ħԼĵ;ƿش壬ٵ֮£
Ҳˣͼÿһγ֣޲ȷѪ꣬綯ɽ硢˼硢ڤ磬߷׷ɱᣬĩհ龰Ѿƽûʲôˡ
ߵͳһ˿Ȼ渵
ȻڳϫУȴһκˣ̫̫¡
ǳ
⡭ĸ׸Լ׹
Լһμĸѩľӡһμ˼خǰһӵ˷񣬵һοʼ塭
˵˵ת۵㣬ҲǴʱſʼһһĵ;
ͼϫ͸Ϥˣ
ӵĿͼƬһɽŷ֮£һءСʦ㡱һԴǵ֮ڵļ̨С
ͼƬںΪһ飬ʶ֮УĿӲؾ֮ڻãһֱڸڣδ
ҰƲ⣬ֻдſͼƬһĺͼ
ǰͼʧ³֮У߿Ѱ٣һټʱħ֮١綯Ҳһ˹ĺͼ䡣
ɲ֪ΪΣǰʥصƽƻżһϢڤϣһǳڲкͼ䣬ٿʢᣬͬҪЯ֣һȥ̽ѰһԵ
ڴ漰ͼһй¶Ȼ綯ԣʱʢߣֻʮλ߸Ĵߡ
˭Ҳûϵһ˵ִﱱڤʱȴһһŮˡ
˵⣬ͻȻסڣƳԵĳϫһۣҲµ˭ˣ
ϫͷȴǸӵ˼£ܲµƻˣ϶ûܻǳ顭
ĸ׳ѩἰʱвԾһĨп֮ɫ
ʱǳĸѩãƻŭҪֽ˭룬ʮλΪͨĴȴĸһˡ
ϫ㶣ԭΪǳĸ׻⵽Χ
Ƿŭ𾪣ʱʢģ徴֮Ϊʮλȴĸһˣ
Ϊָжߣ
ɣ
ߣ֮ϣ
ĸ׵أϽϣһ˭޷˽⵽ؼ壬ǣһƻ˲ҲԶˡ
Զ񷣬죬һĨ׷䣺ʱƻܣ˴ؼʱ̣㸸׳棬ĸ׷Źˡ
ƻ˸м㸸׶飬޲֤й¶Ϣա˵⣬̲ס̾˿
ϫĿ΢УջǱй¶ȥˣ

ߵ˵ͷûзϣٺ㸸ĸ⵽һ׷ɱ֮£֪٣ҲѰٲ˵Ӱ
ϫͻȻʵǼ·ڶǰ
߳ڰǰɣʱ˭Ҳ
ϫ˼
ȴǵüΪʮǰ㸸ͻȻֻǰѪħڣնɱţִʥأʹʧ
߻˵Ѫħţǵй¶Ϣ֮ˣ仹˵֪㸸׳Ȼˡ
ϫĬȴڷɿݡ
ǰĸˣʧ򣬱Ȼǻص˼̳ǣԼ͵ܵܣҲڵܸܵճĸױϵĴץߣҲٴʧˡ
ʮǰǡú͸ʧٵʱǺϣʱԼҲֻѡ
֮ǰϫȷԼƲǷȷ߽Ļȴһӡ֤Ʋ⣬ȥ
ǰĸڱڤǳҪᶴƻˣϢ֪˭й¶ĸϵ׷ɱӻ̳ǡ
Ȼڵܵܳ껳֮ϵ³̳ǣĸѩ׳ŭ׷ȴҲ׷ĸףǰѪħڣնɱйߡ
ڸΪʲôǰʥأϫȴݲ
߸𰸣ʥڣһͨɽŻ㸸ҪŻǰɽ硣
ʲô
ͨɽ磿
ϫ͵һҲ̫ţʿѰʵ޲Ϊһϼɽ֮С
ɴû˵˼֮УȻþϼͿͨһŻǰɽ֮Сģʿлʲô壿
ƿ˳ϫ˼ҡͷˣһŻĴһɣΣ֮ʥڵĴߣǱƲѣҲóȻ̤һŻ֮С
㸸ȴòѡһŻǰɽ磬ԭ򣬵ʼ򣬾ͻף㸸׵ĴڣѾˡˣһӲ̤ɽ磬ֻҪͻ֮֡
ˣˣ
ϫһ͵ؾ˼خ˵ͬҲһˣݣֻС磬Ųᱻ
Լĸ׾ȻҲˣóϫԴЩ£ȴǲƵðһͷһУòᶼֽŰɣ
һ뵽⣬䣬Ϊ²̫ˣģǾʹϵĴڣȻѴﵽ˲ĵز
⡭ָǺεȿµĴڣ


749 ȥɱ
ϫһеĸŬԼ侲ȻʵǰҸ뿪𣿡
ߵͷǰЩӸ뿪˴λͥǰʥף٣ʵҲΪ˴¡
ͥȻǾŻƽ»ͥϫ˽⵽˴ǰʥףٵģƽ»֮ͥ⣬ʮšħƽ̡
֮ǰ֣ʥ˭ôӣ˶೬ƽǰף٣ԭȴԭ
ף٣ʵȴΪԼף
뵽⣬ϫȻʵΪΣ
ȻϲƵϸһĨ֮ɫȥ飬̫Ƿ㸸һ顣ͥǴȥҲ֮㸸״һͨ
˵⣬һпΪԽߣԽǼɵ仰˵Ǵ˴Ҳ˽һ
ϫĬȻй񡢻֮£̫Ʈ죬ģȻ޹ŷŷɵɵ
ô˵ֻǰɽܼˣϫЩ޷ʵصż죬ǷԺƽһ𣬼Լĸף

ߵͷⲢص㣬صǣЩӣĪҪˣĴھŻɣΪá
ϫһ㶣һ˿ͬѰζ
ֱ뿪壬ڳ˼ΪҪԼһУΪȰԼҪ
ѵʲôȴԼ
ϫҡͷԺ
Щ̫ӣԽԽоң粻룬ͷȻֱԼЩ飬еľ

塣
ϫάĪ櫡ԼǵִʱȴһƬž֮û㡣
û˴ʦֻĪǶ˵Ĵû˶ʦ¬ɪûʦȳӵĴ죬ûʦֶ׻ӺдʱԵãûʦīɽˮʱĻ졭
塣
ϫĬһʰ׶ϣ·;ϣһƻһĶϴһգҩݡޡֿݰ֮ơ
ԽߣϫɫԽƽƽ͸ĮȻɱŭȻ͡ڡ
άĪܵ˳ϫ
Ҳٽ̸죬ڳϫ
㣬Ҳһĳ̬ڶ󷽣ȹѣ㷢٣ӳĵеľ飬
ԺǴҵܾ֮ء
ϫϴ֮ϣڣϣҶﵱԼļңŬܶҪϼ˾ΣҲҪþĲ֮û䣡
ɫһ࣬Ŀᶨִš
һ·Ӿ֮뿪Ǽʶķ貣ҲͬʶѪȺͲпᣬѲǴǰľˡ
ǵʹӣֻԼˣϫԴˣǽΪսʿ
ϫûٶ˵άĪ櫰ǰþ֮ð㿴ܺúѩʹŴʦֻĪ뿪

ĪյѻȶҪȴҪѴʱ䡣
̤һ̣Ѵӳ˯ɪһУһԻĿоǱ롣
ʱڳϫıϣ뿪塣
СʦܣҪȥĪʵ
ϫûлش𣬶ʵʦ֣˭̣ӣ
Īղ˼϶ǶˣǰЩӣСʦʧ˶Ϊ޷ӲؾлŻˣټҺʦʦñƭ뿪ţ˿壬ܲûѹһ
Ѵһŭ⡣
ϫͷױȻǶ֮ɡ
ĪƺͻȻʲôСʦܣòҪȥɣ
ϫЦˣЦȴûһ¶ȣɱһƬгرԹԹǵģ͵ʮ³
˵⣬ϫŤͷӭϴʦֻĪյĿ⣬ʦ֣Ҵȥɱˣɺã
Īݺݵͷ
һԻĿУѾο֮ɫ

ϫֻʱ䣬˿ɽŵĵӣԼԽеˣ˶֪Ϣ
ϾŻʵ̫ˣڵɽϵռʮһС͹ˡ
ʱĶϣһڵӸϣ䳡졣
˵ȻϫˣûһӰǾӦ÷ֳһֵӣǰУǿɾ̫ˡ
ɲǶǧӣȴֻа츣أͲֵģˣȴռ˶Դֱ˷ָ
ķҲǻķϣ罻ȥӪ˵ϴξѹ֮ϵһҩˣҪȥѹһأ
ǵȵȰɣʦѽɸ߲㣬Ҳ²⣬գǶͻϲΪһʱϵıﻹǵģ
˵Ҳǡ
һĻ⣬һڵӾ̲סһ⣬ˬ
û취ϫ֮ǰʱʵ̫ǿˣŲãֳһһĴ󶯾£˸һԾΪ񻪷ĺӵӣЩӣ鷳ˡ
񵹺ˣϫǰؾ֮󣬾ͳʧУ²Ǹ˻ʲô
ټϻĪյ˲ڣԿյ˷ص壬Ļ͵סǰһ壬ݺѹһҩȫϯһգϵҲץˡ
ǵģֱһȺȳ㣬֮ݲ
ʱϴѹѾȥ£ɾĵģϫҲѶŶԴĮģ
һжЩ޼ɵ£ȥѲһѹһٲȻͰﵱһȻ⣬ȡᡣ
ʦ֣ʦȥˣΪЩӲ˼ˣһͻȻŤͷȺĶʵ
ʦʦ๵ģüúǳ
Ӷʱڨڨѡ
һԵĶŹڼˣЦǺ˵磬Ҳ̫ˣʦֵǿɶź½ϲǶأʦٳٲ֣Ҳִļ
ɫһͷӦúܿˣҹƣһڵѻȥ¥գ£ſ϶Ӧϲġ
ѻ
һץס˶еĹؼۣнԶһ󿺷ܣʲô˼ѵĪЩִʱˣ
ˣҪϹ£
Ҳע⵽ɫı仯æüǳЩ˼϶Щ򣡡
ŹȴǹЦ磬㣬˲ǣʲô˵ģǻĪЩ𣬶¡
Źʦ֣ģӻһ𣬷׷˷ܵ
ŹںֱĿĸоһظ˵ģܻҾͲա
Ȼֹ
ΪĿⲻһƳȻһעļһȻʱͻȻˣ


750 
ŹĿٿȻɫ̣㡣
һŶĿ˹ȥȻȫɫһŴ͡
Ҳ̲סŤͷҰУһι¾Ӱԣ忡ǳϫ˭
䵱ϫϱŵĻĪʱ̲סһ¶һĨݣһȻû

ԭֵգһ˲ʧӰ٣óţѻȸֻгϫǽŲĵ㣬˵ͷϡ
ھ˻ʮʱϫ㣬СİѻĪշһʯãʦ֣￴Ϸɡ
ƽȻЩӶУȴһļ⵶̵඼סݺһ
ǲȻɫ䣬ףϫˣ
һ˲䣬˫ȶסһ£͵ͷӡ
ϫʵֲֻ̫洫ӣϫѳΪӵӣһ֣۵λΪһϣһжǵѡ
ô˵ˣϫ̧һɨˣĿ˶Źϡ
ŹڻһɫףղŻĵĪյ˱ڣĪջˣϫɷҲβľ
ֳһ竣ѧڳϫսŻʱͱϫݺʰһ٣ٴμϫеľҲͿ֪
ϫǶ壬ݲҰһ׳ŵӴȵ
ž
ϫҲһʮԶֱӳӣڱѪغ«ƵĵϣҺѡ
죡ϫ
һ̣ҺȻֹһĻһľ̻̲
˵ϫŶɫƽȴһɲΥǡ
ŹڶһƤӣɫòٳٿ˿ڡ
ˣϫǶ壬Ϊ¶ܸҪһŹأ˷ĪûаŹطŽУ
Ȼֱ̧ۣӳϫɫȻǳⲻѡ
ʸ̸Źأϫ̧֣һƻӳ
飡
׼ֿɻûӦһɿֲѹ£ֱӽڵϣֻƵ̱޼£ն
û뵽ϫʵȻֲȵز赭дһԼضûУ
Ҫ֪ڷԵʱܺͳϫһģ¾ˣҲ֮ҡ
ôܣ
Źȥ೤ʱ䣬ʵǿ˺˵ĵز
ɫòȴһɿ־ȡ
ӼһĻ鶼ʦ֮ǰ洫֮һǧ洫еĴڣ֮ܵ죿
ϫĿŹڣΣû˵
εѹȴöŹڱݶֵ˼£Ҳ̲סŤͷӡ
飡
һ̣һѹڵء
԰꣬ǵ˴㡣ϫƳ˵ϵĶֵܶһۣתӡ
ৣ
һϫĿɨУЩӶһܿƵسһֱһȺһͷʨѲӰ㡣
Ƕ˴Ϊ¶յʱ䣬Ǵõıʮ򣬽ûܾȵǡ
ϫȻҲѡӵȥѰҰ֣ҿԺܸεĸǣֻҪǸôҾ͸ɱǣŵĿһԡ
һЩѹıﶼĻܽĳ˵ʮˡ
ǲԸôϫʵ

˾һͷħڴһɢ𼱻ǳɢȥǷȥ׼治ԸԳϫˡ
ϫ˫ָôȴ
ಡ
ܿ죬˷ӿһݹ⣬Ʋ񷣬ѤöĿȻϫĳ֣˶µеӡ
ΪƵǧ洫ӣҲζǧǿߣʱư۶ˣֻѱ˵
ϫɾվƮɣһ¶ȻʯȳһԨsŵǡ
ʦֻĪͬ򶨣ʯϣųϫǹ¾ıӰĿдһĨͣһĨмһĨ
ϫԵ޹Ҷ£浱ҶˣӰٿȻֳС
һģۡ
˵ɫԶޱȣĿڵϵĶͶŹһɨ˳ϫϡ
ܿ죬ǧӣҲ䳡ܣѹѹһƬϫͻĪճΧС
ϫֱ̧ۣۣĿһɨֻ˵һ䣺˶ô


751 ˵
Ĵ洫ɽеĵһ壬ζ洫ǧˣڶĲҲһָ
䳡ùģռǧĶɾĵ⻬羵Ӳ֮һ˵Ȫ󷨣Ϊ˵֮ãɴ˾֪ӵжôˡ
ʱһڵ۵Ĵ£ڶѹѹѹƺƵ˶ڣǺˡ
ѵõϢǰ߳ӵֻгϫͻĪˣĪֻ̫죬ԺԲƣֻгϫŵǵӡ
ҲֻӶѡ
Ȼϫȷǿ񻪷֮У죬Ͼֻһˣ
߿ǧˣ޲洫ӣţʹóս˺սҲܰѳϫûˣ
ԣڣĦȭƣϫĿơŭԹޡȵɫ
һ£ʱ¶ǿҲ¶һЩء߲֮ɫֱŵӵ߰䡭
ѿʼ˼⣬ǳϫ䣬Ǹô죿ǺݺһǴһ˫ȣŹ壿
⡭˾ᰡ
ȻᣬȴԽԽ˷ܣԾԾԣĿ
Ȼ
ϫķӦȴ˵Ԥϣû¶ء֮ɫҲûбŵӵĳ嶯鶼ûһ˿仯
˷ָǣȻʱ˵һǷᣬҲܻĻ˶
仰˶㶣㶼ԼĶ䣡
ģѵСӷˣ
ϹӶܿǰľƶ˭ɣ˵ΪԼ˲
һͻȻ͵һЦҲ٣ϫʦ֣ҪҪôЦ㵱˭
һĿͷİҲٺֱ֣벻ϫʦ־ȻҲͦᶺֵҪҪֵٶһ
˺ôЦŰ裬ߣǽͷĵƦåڵϷٸƵģ˵ĵͲⱡ
û취ϫʵ̫ˣ֮ǰҲǶ̫ˣȻɵˣЩĻŹ˾ѵ۸˵Ļ᣿
Ȼ˲Ⱶģһʵ̫ǿһЩʵǿѲɫضȺԹۡ
ЩˣȻδһϫĿҲһ˿һţѵΪƾһ˾ܺɨ壿
Ҫ֪񻪷ӵӵһ𣬿ɶô
һ˵һܺɨȫѵɸ߲㣿ǵĲӶִ£
һ׽͸
˼һȴһΪϫֱûǶ壬ûŸ߲У
˵ȷˡĳϫͻȻڣɫƽҲһ˿
һȻЦһ￴ɵˣֻظһ仰
ֻ۵۾͵һ
һɲϫ˴ԭʧսȻ

䣡
Ľ֯ǺӵƾԨҰư˷һ˲䣬ʮֱӱɳȥѪֹɥʧս
أԲһ˿ЦݣȴѻʹȥΪϫĶʵ̫죬ǸӦ
¡¡
һķϯħлĴ֮һƬһƬĶƤƵıɣѪƮɣҺ˷
ֳҡ
ʱЩûзֳϫӰ
һȻҶ֣һϣѹˣ
ֵǣ
ɱ
ŭ˻أڶ£ΪϫĶ֣׵ȼЩӵŭͷŭ
һ˲䣬䳡ϣֵ̻ţʢѤãܼ籩꣬ϼʢ׽û
ǧ洫һ֣֮ƴɫ䣬޹⣬ܲڶµؽƳױһԾԽ˵سײƽٵˡ
ɱ
ϫӰ֮ƵƵ˸ģһĨɵ⣬֮ң
ɫĮȻɱ䣬һ˿飬һĿ֣ײеķʽ׼ַһѪȺͲҺ֯ĴϷ
ⳡϷǸĪմʦֿģҲԷйõķŭͳ޵һͨ
ǵģҪй
ûһпйЩΪ죬Ϊأеŭѻܵ˼£ٲйԼħ
ɱ
ϫȣȼյĻ棬ڵ۽۷弶Էĵк⣬ͷ
֮â
Ļƿսػ춴磬ԴԴϲԪӳսֹ
ǶԼԵսԵ˶ԣʵѹ֮ͬо֣޵
֮ǰűս𣬱ɳԽ̨
ԲɽղĶ½ƽѹ
һؾǿѩҲðһá
һϵеʵ޲֤ųϫʵǿ֤츳ΪսǺεȵ׿;ޣ
Щ洫ӣۣ˲ֻѣȻӵǧ֮Ķ֣
˺սսͳͳԳϫûãս񣬻һܹ赲ϫĲ
Ϊٶ̫죬˲ƣھ֮ʱ༶ǿʩչռŲ֮û׷ϳϫɹ֮أǰЩס
һƬƬӵ£ѪˮһѪȪ䳡ϲ䣬ĲҺŭ˻ڶⶫȾ֮أĿġ
ϫڴ˿̳ڹʲôдݿࡢʲôңâ
˲ģӿųĪɱȥҪûĪвϫδͱһεֱȥ
ûܿĪʮڣ
Ϊϫδ뿪һֱѲڴʦܣһƮķ磬һεļ̱ݣĪػУֺ
֣ѹ
۳֣ѹ

ܿ죬ⶫǧӣһ붼ɵڵأѪҺɥʧս
һĻ̫𺧣˸е
δµĶӣĿһĻѴӸտʼ˷ܺ͵⣬˾ͺ䡣
̫ˣ
˭뵽ֻȥʱ䣬ϫΪѾɳ˿ɲĵز
˭뵽ǧһ֣Ҳκβóϫһ˿һ
ֻеܰ쵽飬ȴϫˣ
ǸеĿѣеĶ־ȴû˸Ȼһ޾ľȡ
־ɥʧʧҲͲԶˡ
ȻڴʱԶ񷣬һݹƿն磬ӳֳһӰ
ԭѸеɢӵĶӣͻȻһĻֱˮץסһݰ㣬Ŀȼһ˿ϣ


752 Ϸɺ
ݹ꣬գѵִﶫ֮ϡ
ػҰʦ֣
һ£ǶĺӵӶˣ
̫ˣ
ǼʮӰЩӴܵĶ̲סеļһĻڵϲҺЩҲֹϲɫ
ϣʲôѩ̿˼أ
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ڰ㣬ȴס˳ϫĶСԺΪоõ棬羰Ҳѡ
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ǣ²͸Щȴܵһ̤ʵĸоһһֹС
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ǰһɢɫԣǷһԲɽߴС
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Ҳ̰ո㻵ˣһЦ˵ȻǶԼ˫óһעΣ

ЩɽĵӣҲһȣɾǴֱʣһļֵ֮޷ǲɽ֮УҲ󱦱ˡ
ȻҲֻǾȣ̸𾪣Ҫ֪Ҳʹɵĵӣ͵̶Ҫǿࡣ
ҪľЧһԲ㺮ˣǾŻɺͲɽԣҲ׵飬ҧҧõóġ
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һҲóһһɽѩ׹⻬ز÷ŷޱȵ֮
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̰ͷѩɽƷ಻Լóڤļڲ֮䣬һһأá
ԼЧ˵ĶʱЩڴ˭˭Ӯһֻȳϫִܽ𰸣


755 
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һϤӰĿҲɷһĨͺ͸пŹȥһʱ䣬ʦִصٲȻӵԼġơ֮ǰ˭õ
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757 ׵Ӱ
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760 һŭ
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ŻʱѳΪµ֮ӣ֮ͬн޵аĴڣâɡ
һУñǸпоϫһﻹǸˤõ룬ԽԽ£ǿĿ¡
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һУУĳϫСϣǿҲԼ֮ĺ蹵޷Խ
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ͬǵãԼͱһԼΪԱΪɵݣڶԼδҿ֮ǰƻ
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˵ģǾͽйĲ˳ʺ
ʵϫܺ棬޳ܵˣɵģѵҲ˹ʺˣ
ͻȻڣɫϣһɲַǣµѣ˵أе˵أƺЩ²ˡ
۾Ȼųϫȴ˵»ͥģʼնһϫԴģ߸ϡ
ϫЦˣ»ͥڣʹ˵ҾŻɵĵ̣ԶǿͣˣƺеԽ޴ˡ
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һĻ»ͥڣеһڵ涼һ۹۱ǱǹĵģŲʣ̬Ⱥֵζ
ܵյĲͬһͻȻЦ²벻ĵҲǿ֣ϧСչСҲֻѿ֮
ڣϾҲ֪Լͳϫ֮ĶԹٹڣԵֱֱ̫Դƺ;Ե֪ôϡ
ԣһڣԵøԵӣɵƣԺ赭дؾͽƷӵ£Ȼޱȡ
ϫֱӣҵ֪˵ڶ𣿡
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Ҫ֪ڵˣĸɲսսģ
ϫҺͱԴǽ棬ʼնδ¶κη֮ɫĵӣ̫ˡ
ȻҲϫʱҲΪԼڳǡơУԽԽǺͳϫ
࣬çײӦ䣬øƣĵÿʦųġ
ԳϫԴ֮ŵһ˿ȴǻ벻⣬Զǿͣ˺ƽô࣬ڴŻ˽ʦ״
ϫڣʦܵڸ߲İ£ҵڱչأһأͽ׻ָ䡣
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Ȼǣϫɫݣû¶κε仯
ԱƣĬãֻ˵һ仰Һһӡ
ͻأֱܴɵһ仰ȴһֱֺӵô˶һ߷һ˿޵Ц⡣
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ĻԣижȻȻ¶Ե棬С
һλͬԵúͻأţ༰ֱ͸ϫ㡣
ƫƫЩУȴ˴̶ǽסֳ鴤һ£üѣ쵰ͲҲǸ֣
һɲǣԱɰǿĵΪҲеһ˿ŭڵϵҿûȤ˽ǸʲôˣοҲֻһ֮ʣǷжӻ˵ء
ϫЦˣȻ˵Ҳֱ˵޷ͬҲûκȤ˽ɳʲô˼ͬҲֻһ֮ʣټ٣˭˵أ
΢Уųϫ˺ܾãͷܺãܺá
ϫ˴ˣ˴ˡ
ͻȻʵѵ㲻£ڳɱ㣿
ȷݵΪɽ磬ΪԼյΪţ³׵Żɣʱں
һնʱѹֽ˶һݣǰձĿľ˵
ǵĵϣ˵ɱڵһ仰֮ݹ£Ҳֻбһˡ
ϫɫ񾲣ԴǸǺڣǸҶ֣Ҳ˵˶ϻˡ
˵Լϻ
촽һ鴤֪ԼĴڶ̶ʱڳ鴤˼Ρ
ðΣǰƱһҺڴ֮ĶԼ޵һ졣
ϫҲͬǰһֻδ¾ƱͬҲڴơǰһǻش죬һȴ˵ѩġ
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̧ͷ֪һԼˡ
һĻɫڱ仯ñ䡢ޱ飬һкε¶һ˿ŭ
ǶԳϫŭǶѩı֣еȵʧ
һ̣ɶŭΪ֮һ䣬ɱһƬ


761 Ϊ
ѩǱµһԱɽ˱ȻȻߣҲĿ
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Ƭ֮󣬴ڵ»ָ
һĿⶼԽ˳ϫϣտЩǶ۽磬о
е⣬Ա죬Զ·磬ĵӣж塣
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ϫһӣ»̲ͥסк棬ʵ
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һҹƾ٣ȴδ𻯵ɣѡ˰ֻأ£ǿƻعܵڣҵһɹؽ磬ɾϵ;
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˵Щ˲֪µϹǣҲ治ѣ飬ʵ̫ˣָо֮ϵɣ޸һСӣǿױȵġ
ѩȻҲӻֲ̿ĸѣ֧˶䣬ɫ䣬ҲһĨ޷εĺ档
ڴˣϫ̬ƽֻͣǵ˵ͷ
𾪣ԡ

һ죬ȻžŻɣȴŭ顣
Ҳͬһ죬ܵһϢŻɵĶ߲֮سʧ٣пܱʦš
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һȭһһԣֻڰذˡ
֮ϢҲн翴ܵں;ŻɵĹϵֻͬˮˡ

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֮ǰѾųԳֲ̽¬ϲûбﲻʲôƣֻһ죬ܳ׻ָ
Ҳóϫһ뿪䣬ҵ˰㡣
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ϫȴüͷһ壬ȫõĻ棬߶һѩоЩף޷׾ͽܡ
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ѽһѪβΪͣô㾪˵ҿǷ˺ô󹦷򣬲Ű̳ġ
ԣѩסһ̣ôһۡ
ϫüëЩ֪ΰѩˡ
Ȼô⣬Ҹˣͳȥˡ˻֣벻
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ѩѿڶ֦ʵڱŵòᣬ汻ϫתˣǼֱǰԼϳ̣һգĻĨɱĳ嶯ˣ
㿴ҵ̵զءЦ
ϫ̾˿ֻܽܡ
ģѩֻһѪ嵽ɤۣĲѪ

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ʦ¬ʦȳӡʦֶסʦ㰢šʦ꣬ѹĪպͳϫֿЦޱȡ
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ʱ֮ҲͿ֪
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һҹʦ¬ǣҲȺʶάĪ櫡ЩĲǣȻаѩ
ϫţаڣӣԼչҲͲٵʲôˡ
ǳ硣
ϫϥУıԴ֮ʼһһȡϵĴ塭
Ҫƴ壬Լڤ֮·
ʱԼս٣
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򣬷֮Ǵɱ䣬һάϵ硢ƿ
ϫܹ󵽣һɵʵǿȻ벻ƿطĶ٣Щ֮һһӳռһһ򷨸档
ֶԷֱ۵ĸȻʱֲһ죬ϫλʱȻĪ棡
ʱĸ򣬲౾Դ֮еķ֮Ϊĵ⣬ȡԼĵ⾳硣
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Ҳ֪˶ãϫزһ⣬εķܺХڣӳĵ顣
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νķһ
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ֱ仯ζĻ춴øӷḻʣȻԣҪǣһܹӳ߱ս
һУˮ㣬˺ֵڳϫϲ޹覣ûʲôпҲûʲô̾ٴεĲ֮С
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вѣѾִ˵Ⱦ磬Էܻ֮춴磬ٲȻڶڵ;Ӳٳһ·׳٣Ҳûܹ
ʵĵ⾳磬ȫѲֻ轫ΪһͿֱӳصɾˡ
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ÿһ磬һڣһּ¡һľͷԲͼޡ
֡ٳ֣ҲֻӵǱʵľпܴﵽȵزȻСܡ
ϫĻ춴类٣ʧãΪŴﵽȵز
ʱΪѴﵽͬ۷ĸ߶ȣѲΪ¹򣬵յ壬ȴδԲ
δһֲȱ
Ҫģ޲ȱԼΪϣڵ⾳ϣԶﵽԲزȥ֮
οڤڵ;ϣҲһΪҪĹؿһǳʿУִ֮ʥ
һ춴ҵĹ̡
˵𵤾ǸβɺôǷǱܣԪɱḶ́ڤڴܻ죬Ϊɵٵ׼
дɾߣһ綼شԼ춴磬Ϊľһߵĸ̤ʵ;;Զ

һĿһɨλʦʦ㣬ڵѾάĪ櫵һ£ԺϵӪ˪ӪͳԦ
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Ҳ״˵㣬ԿߵĴ죬ʼʩʦ֣óڶ࣬ҪΪЩǸһ׷ҵҪܼ򵥣κηҪģ
ʦֻĪպٺһЦĳӲţˡ
ͷŤͷʦ¬ʦ֣óĵűҪս󣬷ءɱΧͻϮÿһֶҪʮϣ
ʦ֣ó֮νսʿͬҪҪһЩġصġ˵ģÿһֶҪ򵥶ҪԽԽã
Խ˵˼·ԽԺе뷨ɿ˵ڳϾظһĨ֮ɫټЩоͳԦ֮һԽϵӪ˪ӪսӪ
һʦֶĳȣ˷ܲѡ
ʵ֮ǰǾڳﻮαǿޱټҲսһֱϵڡ
飬ɷǸóֶΣоĲЩΪԴȪνʱ˺ͣռȫˡ
ǡʦܣأóЩʲôʦֶ̲סڵ
ңóʦ㰢Ҳе
ڳֻûɷΪ
ͷ˵ʦóƹͷƷĵȵȺɣνδУְͬҲҪ
ʦֶ״Цããã֡
ʦ㣬͸𿱲κ͵ɣδпܺ͵˶ԾҪ㽫ԾλáΡԼзӪÿһϸڶ
ʦ㰢Сһˣ
ã쿪ʼǾͿʼжȡСʦܳصʱ򣬸һϲҧһĨȵķ֮ɫ
ûһ̣бԼ֤Լͬţʦʦ飬ҲԼһ
Ҫժһֱϵġ֮


763 
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ʱ䷨Ĳͬǳеʱ٣Ҫʮң֮ϫѾʮ֮á
һ죬ľʯĳϫͻȻһɺĵƺ죬ɢǳ硣
һ˲䣬ǳܵٻһ㣬ƮƬǻԣһɫٲк£ϫ֡
ÿһ缡ÿһë׶ԡŨʵʵУÿһѨϣÿһ΢ϣȻͷǳңӦһԵı仯
һɲǣϫΪǿ֮ӣΪƬף
ɫ£Ϣ嫶䣬ÿһһǿգع
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ڣ׭̵ķܸӵķƣϢء䡢ܲһڶһζ
УΪ͵Ļ춴磬֮ҹĽ桢еǳ£γһѭʼ˶Х
ǵģ꣬ǳʮϫǳִ壬Բ֮
յıԴ⣬˱˰١𡢲֮⣬ԶѾﵽ˵ľʮ¥۷壬Բ֮
ڽ֮Ǽ֮ǱԴ⾳ĸߵͣͱԴȻͬ
񽣵ͷ֪΢뾳Բͨ˿ȵȲΣ֮Ҳˡ
ʮ£Բ壡
Ƿ磬ԾףĿˡ
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ڲǳϣϫȫƾ򣬲δ౾ԴҲˣŻĵʮʱ䡣
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ټСǿ֮ǿմӡ塱йǳͨĥ£ͽǳ˴ɵز
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ܿ죬ȻˣǳǺȴΪ嫺صһͬؽ䡷һձ飬мܽ䳹ײգ
̫֮ʱͨۿǳ񡢸ף˵ǧΪغͺ嫵ģǳɡ
ܹڶʮʱУ䳹ԲϫҲԺˡ

ʮԲҲζţԴԺ󣬳ϫӵʮս֮ͬѾʵǿߣ
𼶣Умܴﵽ
˾磬Ժɨͬӵ޵֮ˣ
ϫΪͻΪյҪԶԶͬʿսʱܻ佫ӵоűսˣ޷أοڣ
˵³һӵʮһʮսҲǳϫĶˣ
ףܵĻ춴͡Ϊʵİӹΰû
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ϫ۾¸ķһɨȥĿⶼΧһ
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౾Դֻ֮ʣһС飬˾ŸƬֱ̺СףԼЩʦʦ㡣
ڱ˰١ࡢֺ̫ɬѣչϰֻ꣬ҲԽ֮һԲز
ѹҲ֪Ƿа̵ϢˡϫͻȻֹһһ̣ʧǳ硣

塣
ݹ꣬ϵӪ˪ӪǣɱսңŨҵɱ֮սĴ
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ңңԶȣһƬȵķ֮ɫ˸ţ⻹Ǹꡭ
ߣһʦֵܺάĪ櫶ڹսҲŰ׿Цվһ࣬ԶĶԾ
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ϵӪ˪ӪǽԶͬװ鼫ѥοպڽ󡭡һɫĵؽ׼Ʒ
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ϵӪԶߵ·꣬һ׷ǷսҲż档
룬ϫ֪ЩװȻԴʦֻĪ֮֡
սܼңʱˣѪսҲûʲô𣬵ȴһ
Դǿƿһ˶ƿغͳԦ֧սӪսÿʱͻѸ´һ˲佫ԱսɣֲӰ죬ǵȸ߳ͳԦٲȻͬһλսս㡣
һĻǵóϫҲΪ棬̧ۿ꣬ȴɬ꣬򷴳ָ̬㽭ɽֻһأܿһĨȵķ
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ιιϫңң֣е
ʱҲ˳ϫ׷кֻ꣬۾ɶս֣ɫרע֮
ϫЦ겻ʵ֡
ԣҲЦѣгܶҲϲѣо֮ء
Щ꣬Ʒ¼ͷģսͼоսÿæµƣȴǰδеĳʵ
άĪҲûţ˶壬ÿ˰ʱѲ߮ɽ£Ħǵĳɳɱ䣬Ҳòѡ
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ϫкǸпһʵʦ֣ľ׵Ϣ
Īҡͷ˵ˣǰЩӣһа׹ϵݷãչأһöˡ
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ϫһһʦֵݹ򣬴ȥ


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ڵĺǱźƣԵͣòʹ졣
ֻգ۹һԵľ⣬ˮҲͷһ˸ɾδ졣
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Ȼֶǽǣ
ģֱֱ߿๤һ㣬һͶ̥ģ
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ÿǰһСɽƵھʯһΪڤҵʯͷȭͷСϰپ֮ءǰСɽôڤң²ʮ֮ء
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׾֣ŵȴһȨ죬߳˷ĴȻǵϾ׼֮ˣ
׹Ǿţ۾ɨܣⰧ󲮣Ҫô𣬺úõ඼ˡ
׾һЦҡҡͷ㰡ʲôʱҺһʲôʱͳˣҲᷢˡ
˵ţ̧ųǰһߣֱӱ飬˽ȥʧ¡硢һ񣬰Ե˹
׹վԭҸôţ类˿ˣɸ򣡡
⻰ʿѪɣ׹ϻ

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ϫüѡ
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ϫǼǵã׹˵еĵλҲΪܵϵżԭͳǴ֮ϡ
ܿ죬ϫΪϵӪ˪Ӫ֮ĶԾѾˣǺܾδһӶӿ˹
겻Щ궼仯һЩʹģٲȻ꣬СޣҲɳΪˡ
ʱħȻ֮䣬Ȼı̫ණ
ϫأһ٣Ҿۼһơ졢ڣѩƺҲʼӦԼݣǢһԣﰢͳϫ˲赹ˮȻûһ˿еίģ
ֱҹϫʱ񱱺Ͱޱã̸ûã뿪ˡ
˴ϫǰʮ֮һ칬μɵʢᣬһɵӵ֮չʢᣬֻӵӣʸС
ⳡʢᣬ徴ˮ׼ĶԱȣÿһչܵнĿ
Ͼʮȳٰ죬ҲؼһһľͬμĴڡ
˵ܹⳡɵʢĽɫֻҪزۣܻɳΪһ˻ģ
ϫܾˣʵ۹⣬ʢѺٲһ˿ȤοиҪҪ
ǾǲϻıԴ֮ǣ


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ޣǼᶨĽŲȴδɹ·;УܹĴ򡢴ɽ׵Ϯһβ㱻Ұ
˺۵ǰУһ죬ûϸɽۣ֮ȴѿʼϣʼ˥ʼеġ
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仰˵ܹӵһֻ̫棬ŲѰҵرؾҩ󡭡
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ʱһֻϵľżͶ㣬һ˿͡ӲζһС
Ȼûע⵽ԼʩչĽڷһ־˵ı仯
ͣ
Хݺ˷Х֮õͳءֱһ˿죬Ϣ
ȻȴԽԽֲÿһ˺ɷΧڵѹ֮ܣγһյش
ָоյش֮Уϵ֮һе仯컯
أĽ͸ﵽһּ£ÿһλ𣬶һʹ죬µ˼¡
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Ȼѹոյִδ壬еĽبǺͬһ£
䣡
һ춯صĺʱĵһʮŲ㣡
ף
Ͽǰ߻һȻ۾Ȼ𾪿һ޷Ŀֲɢ˷ɢ֮۱飬ݣض顢ҡ
򣬼ֱһֺֻݺһ飬Ŀꡣ
пһƥֲĽȻɢˡ
飡
תΪɱɽûһ𣬵˳ʮಽȶɫǱ֮
ʲô
Ҫ֪ǵؾΪ˲֪꣬񣬾ȻһɽǽನˣȽֱԼָǺεȵĿ£
һУѵǳϫСһΪ
߾ɲԼе͹μĺˡ
ֱ֮֮еĽһգԲ֮ڵĵ棬ǹݺᣬشꡣ
ϸϸȥǵһĿĵĹϣԶأתһ˿⣬ǸϢļ¡
룬ϫֽһܵĵ䲻һȴԲɺζ
Сһû°ɣ߿ʵ
ûӦ
üͷһ壬ֳһơ̽ȥȻδϫͱһεĽء
һ֣һͻֱӱնˣ
һĻûһЩˣָоһһ͵ϼһϣȥǱɡ
ƫƫأʱȴ֮Ϊ֣ϫ̫ˣֱ̥㣬Գ֮
ڤΪ뽣ʮŲ㣬ʩչƥನԼʮ׳٣һܹģ
һͽã̲סٴθп֮ǰظһ仰ֻʱѲǵֻͣһ𾪣һµ֪Ͽɡ
ϫԭ졣
֮һܵл˹£ɢһɺƵƥƣԨƺİƣ
ˡ
ૣʱҲֻգ۹Եϫָʱһ˲ͷ֣Ʒ˷츲صı仯
һʹϢһֲڽ񣬳ڳϫ֮УһһǧУ
ʵڲţһδ׵ɾˣճ˿ֲƣеһļ¡
ֱ֮ĵһĥСһֱڤʿ֪
ǰǷѿԽ뽣ʮ㣿ϫŤͷƽʵ
߳Ĭãյ˵ͷ
ϫ˹֣Ҫλߺ󷽵Ͽȣͨʮڡ
Ϸ֪ΪΪβ׵֮ڳϫ뿪֮ʣ̲סʵ
ֻǾûûܴﵽԼļޡ
ڶƮϫѾʧߴ˺ܾãסȻૣ㰡㣬ͽϷҲհ


775 һ
ʮ㡣
񱩵ŰһִˮͰڿƬأ׵⣬ǿʵʵĻϢÿһռ䡣
ϸȥ׵Χֱģ׵ҲԽԽǿֱǺһЩܻΪ̬ޱȡ
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һεӰ֣ԣ䣬Ͷ㶼һ貽赲ǰ׵ȫ˺顣
Ķ죬ȴһɴݿƥƣһл֮ף
ˣǳϫ
ʱ䣬ڽ컯֮¯ĵزԽĸ򣬸ͻˡ˿ﵽˡֻĵز
ﵽȾ磬ԳƵǽʦˣһ仯ǧɼ뷱һҲиĿһ򷨣
νһ򷨣
ǽ֮У棬仯𣬹ʶһ֮£ĪҴӣ
˵ϫʱȻڤս֮һأԿؾ棬ҲѲڻ¡
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ϫ⣬ΪⲢļޣ컯ܹ֮ԼԷ֮ݺͳԦʱ򣬷Բ
ο컯գŴﵽ˴ɵزԲһζʱ޷ֲĲࡣ
ͺñȱ˰١ࡢһ컯İ壬ͬںޱȵĴҪ͸һһϦ֮ˡ
ÿµ֮ҵΪֻҪһ٣ɾɣ
֮УԽѹԽ³ϫ˿սͻͽı仯ɸеЩ
ܹоԼѹƾ磬£һأԼ׵ɾʱٱȻήˡ
һڤڤ֮еĸ֪׽ȴԼģ֮ʿһָ֮ˡ
Ϊﵽɾʱƾֶĸ٣Լǰ;ףޱȡ
أ
ֲ֮ϫԽնֻһ֮ɶ֮ϣһŴĿâеļһʹĲڸС
֮ǰʱֲѹ֮ǣʱ֮
ôȻպʹĴЧȷʵԶ׼ģֱʱ֮ǿֱﵽһֺ˵زٲȻѴﵽԲļޣڤҲֻһߣȻƫƫһ֮ȴҪԽֹǧٱ
Ϊڤ磬֪ʹ˶ٰ취򡶾ĵ̥ڵĵ̥񣬸ǽֲѹ֮֮ǣ˵ڵΪ֮ͬУ޵еĴڣǻκߣҲѽڤˡ
ϧһжȴԵôѡ
ɺޣҾͲţħ޷ڤϫҧ忡һ˿ɫױǰС

ʱ׵֮أӰǣ޲ɢſֲܵδǣͱ𵴶
Ⱥ֮УΪһڷɵۣǳ꣬ʱһɫͷϵΪԽԽǿˡ
ĬȻ
ʮǺͷɱΪѪɱ˲֪ٴΣÿһμɹʱͱƬ׵Ӵܡ
ʱƣͷϵʵԽԽǿԭҲֻɶؾʵѾѷɫһؾĵǿˣ
ȻЩŻɵĵԣʵɲ߱κвǵǵǣһֱȥͷʵֻ»ҪɱѶɻ
ټϴ˵׵ͷֱˮҪߣһ˲ͻữһʧ٣áҲѷټ
һеı仯ǵĴñ
ǰ죬һλ㱻͵ϮǵȾһĻʱһ붼ļ²ѡ
磬ҵȵʵκһ˶ɱͷϣɺ޴˵׵⣬ƵƵѣɷˣһɫҧ˵
Ϊ׵ĺҡͷʱ˵Щã֮Ǳһϣ뿪Ǽ¡
˵⣬Ŀһɨˣ뿪ߣȻ󽫴棬Ƿ붯˼ҳ֣ͷĨڽ֮ڣվһ
ڣ
һݣھŻӲϹŶУһС֮һͷ˳λ沢ơŻʥ
Ժŵ˵顢˳λϹŶĴڣͬ켹һ㣬ؾŻɣ˸ǰð
ǴߵƣϹŶǰƽ»ͥԼЩĵ涼ñϹϾԾӣ
£Ǿͱϣѡһն߳Ȼ󼯺֮һٽɱΣҪܶ࣬ն֮
˵ܽ᣺֮ʱǱϣ˺ȥǵĴֻԽԽ
ɫԶϾ׷׳ԣͬ뿪ֻһˣ˶Ҫ
Сﶫĵ棬̹ԣҪԼΪնðգͷ
ãóɹ˴βɱϣܻһ޴ĻĸټϴЩѼãȻƳһ編
ˣоһϣٲһѣ
ж֮Ȼдһ졣
иˣﶫüź죬ǰĲ죬ʤڲȽʵȻеҵˮ׼
ðҵ˵أʦڽʮŲ㿴أ˴ѵʦˣ
̸֮䡣
䣡
һӰһڵϡ
һ˾εˣֳһǿޱȵڰƽ
ڤ磡Ȼ
СһüȻʦ˭
һΪؾһۿˣܹڤӵʵֱڡ
ϫʦ㣬λǰϫ֣֮ǰʱ֮۷ЩĴڣԾ͸˹
յͽܣ΢΢һԶȻȴۣڤ֮ΪȻɵִ｣ʮ㣬ӵпȵؾΪǺε׿һӣ
ףԣ㻹δաηҵȵĴڵģһλȻһ˿֮Ҫ֪˵ؾǡҲܵƣ˵ʶˣ޷ɢ⡣
ҲӦһĿ˳ϫ
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776 Ϸֱ
˴ϲѪɱ飬֮УǵҲǲ̽ҲˣǵĴŻ˱
֮ǰҪðΣѡһնȥ߳
ϫĳֱ֣콵һĪչӭж⣬βܣ
ﶫ̲סʵϫ˵ͨĪǡͫ
ϫҡͷ
Ǿǡͨˣһʵ
ϫҡͷ
ȲͫҲͨĪǡü˼¶һĨݣò֮۰ɣ
ϫͷλǰȻ棬ϰ֮ۡ
Ѳµɵõϫ׿ڳϣ̲ס𾪣Ŀ´ųϫʶһ㡣
֪֮ǵͨһƽɰĴڣ޾УΪһ˵
񣬾Ȼ˼ˣһһϣȥֻҪһƬȻ󲨣
̺֮֮ġ֮⡱ųܽ򷨣ͨ϶ǰʮµò˼顣
Ǻ飬ؾǿߣҲɸһĨ˷֮ɫЦããã
Ҳ֪̾ϫڳۣ֮߼֮
ҲЦ̬ºͣҪжƣǴĿٲȻѰѳϫԼ׽
ϫһͷˮЩ⡣
ܿ죬ʹе֪һУͷλǰԸܲӡ
˴ЦжԳϫʶڤ֮ˣȴܷӳȵؾս׿ˣԻǫѷ֪ӵĵӣֱ޲ýϫԼͽܺúˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һ׵ֱ£ϫֳֽնƿ׵磬ֻһϡ
ʮɡʮɡһɡԽ׵֮Խ󣬻ϢҲԽԽŨңɳϫɷ·ͥŲȽǰС
ϫѾã䵱նĻͲݵĳΣˣΪڡ֮ۡ̽£ͷ޷͵Ϯһͻᱻϫһʱ䷢֡
Ϊͷ飬ϫɱֵ֮ǰһһǰУһ߽׵֮ǣԴԶֵע
ˣһֱԡֳϫֻҪһ쳣Ǳ֮ȫ֣ɱͷ顣
ҲٲõߣΪ˳ϫġ֮ۡΪһж¶øɸɾ
СһΪ롮ֻ֮㵱ǽʦˣһп޲ѡ
ǰԽǺСһӴԽ⣬뿪˵أҪͻͥú̸һ̸Ժƽ֮λɴ̳лǸѡ񡣡
Դƣ
һ߾ܣһ߹۲ųϫݺᣬ֮Ų߰ɣ޲޲ѡ
ʱǰߵĳϫͻȻֹ
춯޲ɫһ࣬ȫ䱸ȫֵ׼
Ǳôʱϫһ߻ӽնһ۽ǧ֮һϸ΢硣
ۿȥһֻһ߳ϸ˿ڿޱȵ֮У׻ߣҲܷ֡
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ϫ֪ɻӽնȴȻû뵽ϾȻ˻ӵ˼ߵǻۡ
ͣ
̵ȴյ蹦Ҳ಻סһĨƵϸ˿һ˲ƵٶȣٿȻϫȥ
Ϣ
һ֮ں𵴵֮УȻѱϣ˵Ѱˣǵ涼ܹˡ
Щ죬ͷҲַʽ͵Ϯһ棬˼ʱͱóˡ
һж֮۵ע֮£˺֣շϫ۾㣬˦βһ컯
飡
ϸ˿ײʢನɢǧɷΧڵȫ촷ۣɢ١
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ϣӣ°ɣڴʱһؼ𵴣ƵΰӰ˷ɱ
һɲֱһϼɢ̫㣬ųƴ󡢳ʢޱȵĹ⣬һ˲ͽضû
ȫ֣ǵȺ˵龰óϫһľ˱ܲѡ
໣һŭޱȵ˻𴫳ʹƽУ񷡣
һ̣һƬҵĹϼУһʮɸߴӰĳȾѪٿȻһĨ磬Ҫӵ
ৣ
ڴʱϫˣӰһ񣬽̤˻ģн֮磬Юƥ컯֮һն¡
緢һŭ𣬾Ȼ֮һɲǱܿ˽ϫɱ
ϫɫˢˢˢ컯¸һڵ֮ͻͽƬض֡
顭
һһƬ֮Уƾȴٳٳ岻ǽ֯ɵĹĻ
ϣ
ô˻ᣬһ뷢ŭţ·ֳɽɱֱӽҪطӴܡ
ϧطҲѱأסֲ֣ӿ̵ĺݺɱ
أ
̻Ƶı飬ʮɸߵӰһ̱ڵأ˺ֱۣð̣ޱش
ˣϫ𽣹˿ʵȵؾʿǣƣԼһ˾ˡ
ž
ӰһӴǰָ繳ֱץڣһᣬһСɽĻҝʯ
⾧ʯܲ˿˿ƵѪжʮɣ࣬Ȼһ޴Ļĸ
ϫˣҲһȫԼĽֻ˲һɣ
ĸҵȺγڶ羧ʯЦϲ֮
⼸ʮǼ˿ڴˣΪĸڻãǷϲøΡ
ܹɹϫӹΰʦ֣ǲ˻ĸҲָСһһ˵ʶףæ졣
ɫЦҲһеΪѣѰָϫһҲԸ⣬ȱʧһ֣ǾпƲ編Ļֲ֪õȶܴˡ
ͣͣɫܿͻָЦϫʦֶҵҪĸԣҵȾһһΣ
һһˣ
ļֵκʿۣϫжЩݣ֪˾٣ǳʵ⣬ԷθǺŪԼ
գҡҡͷ
ʱɫһüͷҲ㲻Сһθڣ


777 ׳ܵ
ϫյı仯ȻҡͷλǰˣǷ֮£̰͡
ŻȻһɫһɣҲԣͨʱĽϫǵӡ֮ã̰֮
УйҪͣ˴ûҵҲ֪²ܷͷϵټԻĪҪƴˡ麬Ц˵
ǰϫʦֶ㻹£ȥҲԵҵ̫ҲСˡҲ׷˵
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˽ԶһһͷѪʵ൱ؾ˵شɱվһ
Ҳ޷ԭܼ򵥣Ȼǣױ壬˷ˣƻǻ꣬һڣһҲ̤ʵ
ҲãͽáƬ̣ϣһͷ˵ѪѣԳϫͣӦòᱻ˵ˡ
룬Ҳͬ⣬ǿϫҪͷ飬޷ǿͷϵѪԼ̺âҺֲҲǼֵ˵ĺ֮ˣԴǣŲ˼á
ûã˱뿪عƻ編
ϫѡŵ飬ûż֣Щ²ȷͷ̺ѪâҺ
ѪԲ˵һͷѪԴȪޱȣοǰʵѿȵؾѪ֮ͬҲǾޱȡ
âҺһ֮лۣѻȡϾ췣֮Ҫмȡһ˿ô׵顣
鵮֮У۲֪ٵâҺ˵ֻҪɱȡâҺ
Сӣ棬洫ȻݺأХӵϵλȨͻȻڣѪɫͫһĨթĹͳдԣһŷħ
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˵ţ̽һץֻϱץУԻȪˮһĨֱӽӡаϢĨɱһգѪս˸
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Ҳ֪ʲôŤϾȻһĨ֣һţ׳֮Уȷֹһĸ֪һǧɽߴĻĸС
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˵ţ̽ϲ¡ΪΡ׵Ӷȥ
ʱϣָ£ϫܿ͵ִһƬױٲ
˵صֱͬӰ㣬Ӿ֮к£ܼһͷƤĳ̶ȣǳϫҲòȫʩչ컯ŵǿֲޱȵ
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ϫû˵üĿȻӿ֣ϸϸȥһɲǣĿ⴩͸ױ˲ϢѶһС
ֱյ蹦ŵͷ˵Ĳ
ҡͷ̾Ϣʱˣƭ㣿ֻϣҵĸʱһʹ죬Ҫĥˡ
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˵ţֽһתֱ£ȻҪڴʱɱ飡
㡭ˣ涼ѽ㡭龪ŭޱȣû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷ֣һɶûС
Ȼ˵ֻ꣬һɾʹиǧƬһ䷢һƺߣһ̣ѳʧȥʶ

ʮɵʬ屻иһ飬ϫȫԻȪˮϴһ飬ս˸ڡ
ͬʱ̽һץԶһҪӴܵĴĿ֮âץ˹âҺ֮ͬ
ɻΪһɱܾϫҡͷ֮ǰֱ֣Цѡ
ò˵ѲѷɫκˣթӿڻشԼĵһ仰ʼͿʼ֯Ժˡ
ӵۣܹ֮̽ױٲ֮µ׳֮УûʲôĸֻǴһɱĻ
ţԣɱȻƬΪֻһðȻУҲɡ
ȿֲֻ²ͷ鲼õģֻ֮Уɱǰˡ
ϫ׳֮Уѡ
֮Ӱһ񣬳׳֮С
أ
׳Ͽգкϫһȥʱ⵽һɿֲޱȵĺǿн˴һԽɱˡ
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һױȵĳӰ˳ƶΪֱƮ׳֮С
׳·һϵɱϷ£ͻᱻɱ˳ӿĸ䣬񱩵תڴġ
ԣڴ֮ǰڻδɱʱȫǣվ绹ɡ
ΪĻҪʱʱ֮ֻСɱ󣬾Ͳٵˡ
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Էգŵ˵ֻҪдܹס
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ַ飬ȷûʲô©֮ҧһֵ·ɱȥ
ܺ棬ױٲ֮£׳֮ᱻһϵɱɱִܣ


778 ֲ
ϵɱƴ֮ޱߡ
ϫУÿ߰ɾ룬ضҪפƬ̣Ϊ̫νǲɱòʱȥµ·ȷԼİȫ
ָо߽һԹÿһ·ҪעһǺţעͻ·һ㡣
ԽϫݵʱԽֱÿ̧̤һòãò֮ۡãȥ̽ǰ·Σ
룬أ֮ʧܿʼüžѻȸ
պܹ죬ϫһһնԨļ¸оͷ·ɱʲôڵȴԼһ
ָоǿңǿҵתͷߣ뿪ط
˵Ѫ꽣̫һΪľѹһɽһױ˵أͻȻһĴɱ󣿡
ϫפ㣬ͻȻһһֿɱĴڣòΪѹĳּаĶɣ
֮ʣüĿһƳʱסˣֻһǧ֮⣬ȻһɢҝĻĸ
ĸһȻ˵֮УԶԶһһƵĿֲɱóϫһ
æһתΪŵɱϮٴδһĻĸʱĿѱòͬ
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±Ǩ޷ĥ佣ƵĿֲɱ⣡
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޽ѳƵǽʦȽĸ֪Ȼ񲻹Կ϶ĸ֮ǰȻĳʹù
Ź֣佣ƣһĸǴӴӶб棬ѵǱһﲻɣ
ΪϫȻǣĸȹ屦Ȼ˵ͶδҲ̫ˡ
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һĸƷļˣ
Ҳ֪󸽽Ƿȹ屦ĴˡϫһĸҲܲѣһ;ǰȥ
Ȼ֪γһĸʱǽʮŲ֮£һľס
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ϫٴĸ޲ɢɱ⣬룬֣ܵĿУƺһ֮ɱ⡣
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ԣǰˡϫٴפ㣬Դ̰Ĭãľ˳Ⱦž
ʶЩĸĴڣһһ壬˵̰֪ͱһǣűߡ
תҪ뿪˵أѾջƵĻĸջķᣬֹ֪뿪ˡ
ν֪㣬ֹ֪һ֮֮֡
ڴʱͻȻһЦӴСѣȻˣԵβǰһ𣿡
ʣֱָģ˷·ʥоκεΥ֮ġ
ǻղţϫȻܲٻʱȻ̨γţ
ûɣŤͷߣݣ̬ƽᶨ
˵֮ǰǻɵĻôѾԿ϶ɱ֮󣬶ȻѹһֲĴڣҿ󲼾֣Լ;һɻĸ䵱ġ塱֪һֻ¾Ҳˡ
Сѣ˵̫֮ѹһɱɽѵӵôϲע֮Ե֣ǰҶɽ֮㡣һٴ
ϫֹͷҲص˭ҵĵģΪгɣ㳹Ĩɱ
˵ʱĲԽԽ졣
һĬãȻһ䣬ü˻ƣһԹ֮СһƲԳԷƣǾ͸ȥɣ
䣡
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ϫзʱӿһƬϼƣȫ֡
һûüһĨâѺݺݺ䱳ϡ
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ϫ͵һѪǷһѵĹѪ壬𵴾ʹޱȡ
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ףϾȻһһСߣСһڽʮŲ֮µɱңɱֻ˵
һɳƵٴ𣬻ɫһ䣬ֱöʥоζ
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Ϊʲô˵ҪɱͱǰʮŲ֮£
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Լ󱬴ӹһĹ
Һãѽڤ¡Ļһֻˡ
ĸоһ붼˲
ϫûй˼ת޸һ֮󣬾ʹ׳Ծ󱬴˲Ϣ뿪Ѫ꽣
ֲ˵Ĵڣʶ˽׶񣬴ʱ뿪̽һ֮ٻҲ١

Ӵ𣬶ˣûԸ뽣
ʦܣȰ㻹ǱϹʱˣˣ㻹ڷԼʵһ
߰ɣ߰ɣĵļһˣСٱסˡ
ͭǰ𰲾վܴĳЦţֻǽ߬еľС
ȳϫѾ˺ܶˣҲ˺ܶϤףЩ˴ǰధĶ󣬿ȴûһԸ뽣˶Է䳰ȷڿࡣ
Աȣмϫʦ֣оҲֻϫʦӵдȵˣŵŻһ˵ĳƺš
ˣ
ͭһ߳һεӰʱڳ˼еķ


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ϫȻӽ֮·أһ̾ܵ˴΢΢еЩʡ
ܿ죬ͻָֺЦһһ̬֮ºͣһ̾͹ά
ϫʦ֡Ⱥ⣬һϤ
ϫ̧һͼȺԼ֣ɫ˷ܡ
һһЩֵʦܣҹ㲻ҪôڽռһЩѪ꣬а
˻һ˽Զ죬ĿˢˢƳΧķ𣬽Զ̲ס뵽ͥļһõϫʦ
룬ǻԾÿһ·
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ûɵأЩֳܵ;ܾԱǰϫʦºͿ׵̬ȣһᣬͻȻҪĳ嶯
һǿ԰м߬߬һֱŵľУǰ
ȻڣϫѺЦ򣺡ôֻѾȻû
˵ţһһ˹ȥѼһЩѪ꣬ʵ൱ڤ磬ϵаѱԷȥޡ
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ǡеҲնɱ׶񼫵ĴߣԴԼǣͬʱԶ֮

ϫصʱĪյһʦʦ㡢άĪ櫡ԼЩǶ˳ϫΪϣ顣
ҹΪ˸ϫأϴ֮ϣƮ磬ˮҾһΪϫء
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ƲƲС죺Ҳ㲻ˣ
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ģ۾ݺݰ˳ϫһۣĹŤͷ뿪
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գգ۾һ޹֪Щ𣿡
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Ըֵӵų󼰵Ժ츳ͬҲԼȱݣǾǶǳԵĻ֪ʶó
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ħ֮һ·;֮еĽɣħһ䣬򵥵˵ħߣü汸·ע޷ٴ£
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ϫΪܿܿеһԱȻҲֽܵɵԼԲŻٳٽײڤ硣
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ҳϫǿҵĸоܽɹĺôؽԶԶֹڴˣ

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һΪԪ񣬸Բ򣬶ѸٵĳɳָԪѩԽԽ
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׾ͺáЦЦ˵Ҵ˴ǰΪˡнഫ͡е񡣡
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ϫƳ˵ϵһۣɫƽκεĲ̧뿪ʼһδδԼ̬ȡ
һĻУԶһ㶣Щ㲻ǵ뷨ʱ򣬳ϫȫ˳ֽ»ˣϾСһĽ֮壬츳ټºԸ⹲ͼ»Ϊͽν˫ȫֶΪأ
ϧǶ²ϫ˼ҲҵѯʳϫҲֻܰɻС
ڵϵ»ɫȴЩڨڨô˵汻ϫӣҲеЩѿ۵һ˿ŭ
˷ͬҲû뵽ϫ̬Ȼ䵭ɫ΢΢һ㼴ָЦԼļ򣺡㰡ǰʦУһսƣɻ˼㡣ȳϢȥݻҲ١
»ͷ֪Ǹ׸Լ̨£˳ƾվӣֻɫȴЩƲ֣㲻ϫΪζԼ䵭
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ɢȥȴΪϢΪ˽ϢԼĸҪĻǴ̽һ˵ݣ
Ͼշ̫ģ˴߱һȫߣҲʵˡ
⣬й˷һݽ̫ɽͼ飬ͬҲΪҪ¹̫һУҲɲǲӡ
ڰ̺ͣƺĲپϫ뿪ˮǣҹ˲ɽ
ǰ̺ͳϫһ棬һ̬زδ׷ʳϫβղģƺҲ֪ԼαʣϫԼһȷĴ𰸡
ֻǺܳϫ̸һЩ޹ʹĻ⣬ҡȵ¾ƣ뿪ʱʢϫлǰɽ͡
˵ϫǲɽӣղͲʽٲȻѺͲɽĴûʲô
ϫȻ֪ǰԼû취ˣȻκβԼʹԼһԵԼ
ڴˣҲȻܣϾͲɽ֮Ҳ޳ԹܳΪѣòˡ

һ죬һϢ˳һˮǷɳɢ徴һȻ󲨡
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й̫һݱͼ
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ʵҲܺò²⣬ϫնɱϵˣΪһʦ񣬶ǡɣõϢŻɵĵӳϫոսΪϣҪɡнഫе
һϣȻ͸ˮ档
һҹ֮䣬ϫ֮ٴκ䶯˸Ŀ
꣬ϴһһ漣һµˣٴˣ
ˣڤ֮Ϊնɱɾߣȿ羳硰ɡ׳٣ø𺳲ѣݹ۹Žһģмˣ


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ЩǴϵϵϫϸ֮󣬼Լãǣ磬ٻ˼䡣
ЩƷҲܹõһĹ½⣬ľ磬һջ

һаƷϵȻӣڳϫ춴У½ɢ콵꣬ضȾһ㴿γʥԲĹﶼһ͵ķΧУǷ֮ļ־㡣
ͬʱ֮У֮Ҳ
ϫǶѪҲʱ֮۳һСԲĵ״
ǹ½𵤣ĵųԣͨգһ񾧣ɢʥĹ
ϫѾ֪νĵۣ֮ܶأƺûķţҲѱƿء
ΪԶԶ޷ƿء
Ҫ֮ΪмѭģնɱߣֱҲһ;
Ŀǰ֮ϫĺôǺܾ˵ġ
ܹ־õؽսǰǰ㣬ȻӵвԴԴṩԪȴΪ̫󣬶ƣ֮С
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ν־սһġ֣ĵƴľԣ
ȻǳϫĿǰ򵽵Ψһã֮кεãֻΪõ
һƵƷȫ֮󣬳ϫų˿һսв޶ĸд
Ϊ͵⾳ϣԶѴﵽ֮ͬеġӵ𼶵Ŀֲս
ڵͨϣյġ⡷ǾŻɵɴУġ컯⡷̫ϻʵĴУ硶֮֮ۡȵͨҲ޲Ϊͨ
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£նɱϵ棬Ҳˮɵ飬ɱǷŽء
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˳ϫ⣬С̽һܺ󣬷ֲʲôصŰһ
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ΪԼڼСϣһǽüᶨ
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գǴһԣһ̤ǰ̧ߵš
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һȻͿڣһεӰЦԼĿºͶ䣬ŵĲԾðࡣ
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ߣСү»Ŀɨϫߵʱͬüͷһ壬۵һĨĺ⣬һš
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֪ͣô޹ؿԣã»ŭ̧ǰҪɱԡ
ס֣ϫڣüͷ塣
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˷Ƥ鴤һ£˻֣ʾ»£Цլʺ񣬼Ѫȷɡ
ү˵ˣҴΪͽСүֻ֣»һ䡣ϫ
м䣬͸һɱζ˷»жǿһɫ΢΢һ䡣


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ͬʱҲףΪ˻ǰˣϾϫ֮ܵĳޣѳн֪顣
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δڣ˴ųϫʱѰźһУǲʮǿߣΪ׼һɱ
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ܿܿʿһ׷Ĳһ֡
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˷ЦϾϢѴ˳ȥҹζ࣬⣬Ǿǰ̫ɽȥ̽Ѱһ


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СģˮͬѰ
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798 һȺϹ
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硰ֵĳӸʿȻɫ䡣
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дսҸղƺһӰǿֲĽͼ֮У
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˷֮ģ䣬ʱδʶƣ棬ܿͱʶݡ
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ڳλͬ˴ܵΪɱһڴ˲˰˻ħ󣬶оţ¡
ˮ֮࣬Ʈҷ㷢٣Ͷ֮䣬һλߵĴݷ緶
ԣ˶ǰԾѣһȷ˵ݣ֪ԷܵڵĴһȴе

˭ǵܵڵĴˡ˻ħȿֲĴɱ
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о֮ʣڣһɾζ
ڣòǳϫɣʲô
һڳĪһ͵ؾհ죬ϫǳˮºڣڤΪɱɾߣ
·仹δȥһʱ䣬нȴΪĪĺ䶯֮С
֪ϫΪŭնʮͱ飬Ǻܵͬˮ𣬴ڲݵ״̬
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ɫԶһһĿɨУвƵһĨ׹߰㡣
Ʋ⣬ֻẦԼ浭һ仰ջĿ⣬ָһģ
ԣ޲һݣٲҽ
ˣ΢΢һЦ洫ʦ˴ǰ˻ħУаλʦ֣λʦɡɱ󡯣ӣӦ㹻ɱϫ˰ɣ
룬ֻ˵һ仰ɡ

һƬɭ磬ع󣬴ݲ֮ɱϢ
ϫѾӸտʼļ»ָ侲
Ѿ֪˷ĵԼһõ֮С
ܺãºµȴ𱨣˿Ӻңǲ֪
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仰˵նⷽǽƺ綼һ˿졣
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һ˲䣬ϫԼ֮صĶӣ˷Ȼǹ֮ܵˣҪ԰˻ħ󳹵ɱԼ
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ûѡڰ;нɱҲûѡԼ֣֮ûѡڱͼָʾκһյصƫƫѡԼеһɲǳϡƽȴܴﵽ䲻Ч
ಡ
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ڡ롱λ棬ֳһɽν֡
棬Ҳͬˣͬλ˴ңӦγһصϵ˴ϢںϣȻһ壬ɲ֮
ǡɱ󡱻ǡ˻ħ󡱣ԶԡλΪ
ߣҲ룬ͳԦ˼Ҫ֮ء
λҲеġСϣһ壬ܹƿɱ
ղźȳϫģҲߣ񳣬һƳ룬ɷǣ棬һȻģ
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ϫ˫ָܣ룬˰˷ǻϡ
߷һĨŨŨĳһȺϹòô˶ԸһˣȻң߯ҲӵһͶڹˣ


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Ӱһסȫ˲ϢͻָˣɫЩ԰ףȻһģ
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һĨ׹£ϫֻܲӲһӰģѪһ󷭹ݡ
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˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬһѪˣ


800 ɱ
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𾪣Ȼѣһɫأɴ۾ɰ˻ħĻΨִκϸڡ
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˷һֱǰеİſֲͼڳԣ͵ؾ;ѹͷãá
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ٲȻһֻȳϫȥ̫屦Ȼģ

ۣ
ϫѪӰģһˣԡѪݾޣһ̾ͽɱ
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һ汻ն룬ڰըѪĭˡ
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ǵȿֲһĻĻþ̲ס𾪺Ϳ־壬гôܣôܣ


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׷ٷĳϫֳֽ̤˻ģÿһնЮһɴݿࡢңâ
УڰƵĽѪڻתƮģһƻĸӴ䣬컯֮һɽɣһͷ­ո
˾ŭдŨŨĲš
û뵽һ̵ĳϫ֮£ֱһиյħܵ䲽
һ̣ǳ׸е֣ƵزڣëȻð˵˻ħˣɱĶ־һ㱻߽
ôܣ
һһˣѵ𣡡
죡ֲ̫ҵֿܵʦֳ֣
һ̣յڣֻʣˣͷӬƵģһ߾ŭУһ߷Ӵܣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ㡣
ǶѵȲԮת롣
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ϫ̽һץ׹һڶȻһ˲ͽǾ˸װ˽ȥͬʱҲ֮뵽׹֮Уʧ
˻ħɰ˼ĽͼɣأԳһ磬⾻룬ԻɱΣѱɱ֮û͵ˡ
ϫ׹⾻˳ֻ֣Ҫնɱǣ뿪ʱҪСܶࡣ
ৣ
ڹһ׹ʧ
أ»ָһƬֻһɹŨǺǵѪгƮ
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ƲʲôȻ̧ͷǰİ˸ͼɵ컭ɫһĨɻ
ܹо˻ħڣʧȥƿأתЩˣѵַʲô⣿
ʦʲôһԣһں˷й̫ɽͼϸڣȴͻȻ֣ƺЩԾγʡ
е㲻Ծ
üϷһĨ֮ɫʱ㣬Ծʮ˵ʵ˿ɱСޣ񣬾һ˿Ҳޣǰ˻ħҲʧȥƿء
ȻһŵɣԾʦǵΪɱϫʧܣҲȻ㹻ʱ룬ͻȻ˰˻ħ󣿡
üͷ𣺡ϧʱϷҲ޷ǿԽУͻܴķɣòʧǾǴڲ򿪣ȻҲˡ
⡭ѵ¡Сӽ˶ɱˣһ࣬˷ҲɫȻһ䣬ʧгϫ֡
δ̫£ܵڵʮλ棬κβóϫĻεжǳʧˣ
ǵȴԼģֽǺεȺ
һ뵽⣬˷оͲһĨ亮⣬ֲ̿
죡𣺡ʮλʦ壬˶̵ʱھȫѣٺҵһɱ㡣
ǱгŭĿ⣬˷˸ɫ粻
Ϊ֮ƣֻеȴˡĬã˵
ĬȻҲ֪˻ħ̫ǿ󣬼ִҪУȨҲǼΪѣҲˡ
Ҳ˵ֻڴȴȴǴֳ
ʱһһš
ɫԽԽأЩѿ
ʱ򣬾ǸʿҲһ˿ףⳡԾδҲ̫ˣֱڣδֳʤ
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ʱ˴ĿģеͶǰе컭֮ϣȴճƶѹ֡
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Ҫֳ
һĻڳ˵ĺôأĿһգգǰ˻ħ
ʼմȨˡˣȴǳ˿һɡ
ԣǾǣƷʲôݵȻһ䣬ʧ˻ħ󣡡
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ǿܵڵĴɱһɵĿֲһֱƽУǱ˳棬Ǳ˵ˣ趼費
ڣȻҪ
һ뵽һҪԼƤ±ߣ͸оͷƤһ飬һ󷢺
һģʦ鷢ǼһΪһ⡭һ
ǣ૲ѡ
Сģ
Ʋʲôһ䣬ֽ̽ץӰӶȥ䣬һǳɣ쵽˼¡
䣡
ڶ˸ոܿǰУ˻ħһ󼱴ٺУȻ˷ƴͼɢ
һɲǣһͻȻķѰ㣬ʢȵĹ⣬ɢɽӶյͨ硣
ԶȺɽУ˻֮ɽڣȺݷκϸһʿҲ޲Ȼɫ䣬׷˱ܲѡ
ţ
˴߳ˣ
һˣƺǡ
һƬ֮ڣһЩĿⶾʿȻ֣ǰ˻ħ룬ͻȻ߳һ޳Ӱ
Ӱ裬ϼܣӳĵһϽoٳ㣬˿ݡ
ĳ֣ǻ˷ͼİ˻ħͻȻͰգһ⣬ûһӰָ֮䣬գʧ
һ˲䣬֮ĳʢϼҲ֮ʧɢһƬڵķΧ֮С
ʱǡǳʮ֣ŨŨҹɫӿֶͱһ貵ĳ˺ƣһĨƴ⡣
貵Ĺ⣬һӰϣǡӳ֣һϮ忡ĮȻһͷѩ裬һɱɣϢ
һĨӰĿ⣬ԼͬȻһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǡϫ
һĨӰʱʱ̣һ˲Ķ˵͹ȣ֮ǰµ̬ƺб䣬ɵǴӴ֮߳˵ʱɸеһԵ𾪡
ϫ
Ȼţ
ǡʦܣʦ壩أ
УƵһɲõԤС


802 ̩ת

ȵĽŲǳƼž𣬾ڳˡ
ϫ׷ɱȣнһ·İĹˣĲ
ϫ
Ȼ
죬ȻܹӰ˻ħ߳
ŰһεӰй˵һдţڳҲ಻ס𾪣Ȼѡ
˿ʮ֣ڸչȥõ죬˲Ÿոа˴ɾߣһ֮һƴ־նƶѪ죡
ƳܵںպĴɱ󣬳ɹͻΧݱսֽһ֤ʵǺεȵ졣
ʱ˿̣˫ľ˭ܲݣ
㡭Ȼûݲҵ
ڴǰϫưޱȵ̬ҪȰ˳ϫҪϽ֮ĹϵС
ʱͬҲû뵽ϫȻڲؾֳôĶʮʦֶҰС
ֱԳ֣ϵ˳ϫĻ춴磬ź֮࣬Ҳɰ˿֪һŵزۣǸܵĨһ
ǣ˭û뵽ϫǵ޸˻춴磬Ϊһնɱʮʦ֣ԲɽĶǿߣٴ䡣
û뵽ǣŶ̶ʱ䣬ϫΪѾ֮ͬеʿȫ󣬴ﵽһַ˼ĵز
ɱ˴ɾ֮У֤һС
κһţǰȻʧɫѼҲܹ֮ȼˣ
ҲˣͬųǰɱϫŻʦڣǲʮλ棬ǽ˰˻ħȴɱԺɨκһһˡ
ǡ
ǰˣ
ϫǰ˻ħ󶼱ΪС
оԼһУһĵޱȵجΣôĲʵôԽܡ
㾹Ȼţ
һϻɴҲܿежôǿˡ
ҵȻţϧЩȥ
ϫһ䣬磬Գ֣ϵҵĻ춴磬ɱңΪƾЩϲĶɱңδ̫Լˡ
˻һ𺧣ǿɻͷһ˵ȻԳ֣ϵ˳ϫĻ춴磡
ϫܰȻţս죬Ҳ˵ǵûбϵ˻춴磬ʵڶ̶̼ڣõһֲֿ
˶ҡҷδ̫ˣǴȥֻ»˲䶯н磬Żɺ֮ܵ潻棡
Ͼ¶ʵ̫ˣ֮𣬾Ȼ᲻ϧϣԾŻɵһ֣飬ǾŻûһ㷴Ӧǻкʮ֮һУ
ɫˢһ±òҰףһֱضܵڣҲֻһС֪񱻳ϫ˵ͱ˳֮ŭҲͿ֪
Сޣˣֻл
أһȣʩչռŲƣһϫǰָ繳ݺݳϫŴȥ
䣡
Ȼָͷȴȷǿᣬɢɲޱȵϫ˶֣Ҫ䳹ɱٺ˵˵
Ϲɱڣҹ
ϫһȣף̧һӲ˹ȥ
꣡
һ̶ĹֱӱõɳȥӰҡΣɫһһףұ۶ùѡ
һ̧һʦˣ
Ҫ֪˼ҿӵеؾΪ䣬˵ڤʿ棬ĸһ˵
һɲǣʱһʵһ˿ңʦʮˣȻȫˡ
Ҳû뵽ϫʵ쵽زֱͬһ񻰴˵һ㡣
ţŭ죬ұ˲Ϣָһͭӣԣͷϫɱ¡
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ƾҲн紴ټ˲֪ٵǿߣ޲Ǳ̩תӻĥ
Ҳˣ˳ޡֶμΪ壬õ˶Ǻ޵˹Ҳµ˹
ˣ
ͭӴƮѪԣһκ˰𣬹εڳѪ궼Ҫһ㡣
ৣ
ϫȴǿҲûֱһ컯֮ĽâһնȥһǽþҲ
ǿеĽҲοʩչ߱񹦡ʵǣɻᱻ˵ˡ
תһǬˣŭ֮࣬ɫҲɱޱȣȲѡ
һ̣ǽϫͷŴпٲһ˿ӡ
䣡
̩תӾҺȻһƴޱȵָᡢ涡ׯϡɲԻ͹ϢȫһС
ƹȥڡδһƬһŭĿаĹȡ
𱦣⾹һصķۼ⣬ϳһ
ȻԶû뵽ܵڵ棬־ȻԷڵһķ𱦣
ڣǷ֮УҲǼΪصĴڣؾ֮У£Դ֤ҵ׷Ѱ־ң硣
ϵԳһ壬һȴкƴޱȣȻ²ȴ˸Һڡ
ͷۡͨͨзһɽݵؽȵպĴͨԶԴԷ֮֡
еķ𱦣һױĴڣÿһ𱦶Ҫԡ⡱Ҳǿޱȡ
Ǵﵽķ𱦣ֻԶԶţܹɱаϡħһضԡһַ֮УһƬ֮͡ء
ȫʹãͬո壬ƿ֮
һСС𱦣ҺΣ
ϫһ͵ػһƬĺٴʩչ컯⣬նǧٵͻͽӲ̩תӡ
֮
һζԿͺoڶԾ׵ƿȨ
ûκܹһζƴضһƬһƬ顣
ǸʿɾǿߣһһӰģɫףʵģ͵һѪ̱ء
һ˲䣬ǿ羪׵ĺͳʢޱȵĹ⽫ƬضûԿеһС
˭˭Ӯ
侪ף۾ȴսĿתΨ־ʹκһϸڡ


803 澳ת
ʢĹ⽫ڸǡ
˿徿ɴ۾ɫ֮ɫ
Ȼҵ˵زǿһؾǿڣֳַȴǳϫƵⲽأ
ˣһСĵӣŲʱ䣬ȴѳɳĵزʵںġ
ûʵûһڤСܹһͥ⡭
۷׷ף鲻Խս˫ȭָ뵽ѪУ˼¡
¡
ϫĿֲԾڷֿ
̳ɢ
ϫһͷ׷裬ԣѪڼˣ˷һӲ·ǧڴ˿̶ɹ׺ɣıǨֻ˲ɡ
ƣҲһǧɣ
Ǳ߱񹦵ʧף֢Ϊ˲ԭΣΪͱԴ֮ĹޣüΪήҡ
ڳˣ䶼ϫʩչһѧɵĿһĻʱԶһǿҵĸܣһ̵ĳϫһֻϻ״̬ڲϱ
һ˫ųϫ֪ЩʲôһԲ
һƴ˭Ӯˣ
һĨɻ
ȴüһϲɫһƺϫ״̬Ҫһѱ˥ܵıԵ
ȻڴʱͻȻڵ߱񹦡С޲ϧעҲҪϷĺ󳾡
϶ɳޱȣ͸һļµζ
˺󳾡ʲô˼
ܿ죬˾׹ΪĻһ˵꣬ͷ­ͻȻһᣬӲ׹䡣
ۣ
һɺѪˮȪƵģѵĲȾ񷣬ǳ£ľĹ
ղһԾУ澹նͷ­ƺΪֱ̫˵һ仰ͷ­׹£
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һĻڳ޲һܵ㣬˶Ӳ
ܵڵĸ߲һؾǿߣŻһһն׼Ѫգ
ʦ
ߵϲɫ̣ŨŨĲţż̲סеıߺ;ŭһޱȵļС
޷ľ棬ʦʮȫ˻ħȡʱΪߵʦҲ޵ֻʣһˡ
һĻܽܵˣ
ϫȻ̧ͷһסԶĳϫԹĿ⣬޲ýϫ̻
ʦֻҲܰɣ㲻ǿԳˣҶѿڼʧѱ;ƿݵıԵʲôҶ
ͻȻЦһ㾫ϣǸһĨ֮ɫ
ԡϫգɫ
˵ǲϱϢȴô޷ΣΧ˶ؿС
ǲ̾ϢҲ˵ǳϫ֮ǰһԾֻѱٴ֮أҪ֧Ųסˡ
ЦзһĨ֮𣬺ǺǴЦϫϫΪȫ˶Ϲ𣡣
˵ţɫͻȻһ䣬ҧһ˿Ϣ֮ڳȫ㶯أ
ϫĬȻĿ
ô˵ˣǲǾã˲㶯֣ϧˣϲɽܵڵİ˻ħ˵ʮλʦȥµıҲС
ϫڣ̲סЦ˵һֻʧȥϻǻ᲻̲ס֣һĻƤһıͳͳϷֵ
˻һȻΧһ궯
һЩڰʿУԶƵ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
ǰ
ϫ˴ΣϿŲپرֱ֮һαذ㣬βۺ죿
ΪΪʳ
Ҳ˵㹻̼£˵ϫǾŻһһˣӣǶƴһƴ
ֶΡϫڿڣɫƽɱңǻŹ𣿡
һɫ粻֪ϫ˵ʵЩϫϵıȻǰ˻ħԼʦԹԷ
Ϊ˲©ɱΨһѡ
Σ
һ̣ɫһݣȻ£һع𣿼Ȼˣƴʯ٣ͬھ
ಣ
˵ʱͻȻͱֳһԶĳϫնȥ
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ڳ˿˿̵״̬ή˥˼£һƤңȴΪս
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Ͼսʼֱ񣬴ӱ˻ħ󣬵ʩչ߱񹦣ֱղźӲĵ֮ޣѽ͸֧
֮Իפգȫǿһɺݾ֧š
ǿһ㣬ŸֱӳɱǰıԣҲ˶ʱڣƸ۰ľ
ʿҲٲȻһֻ֣ͳǰϷֳϫƱģ
ʮ𼱵ʱ̣еĳϫȴͻȻЦˣӿһĨŨŨĲм
ৣ
һ̣һĨӰٿȻǰƾ˲ư㣬һ̧֣һץһֻ֣
ָ֮ǻԣתУ׹ͷųһɲءĺƴơ
һ֣ͽӭȫץ
¡¡
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˭
ѵǳϫԮ֣
ʿҲͻһĻһԭҪǰҲͲǰ
Һԭԩ޳ȴһٶңѵΪŮˣҾͲɱ㣿
̳ɢһĨƽٿȻͬʱϫӰһҰ֮С
ȻĿ⿴ģʱȴһ
ʱһϮӻƵۣһͷҲŨܶںڣ忡⿪֮гһصħ񣬸޷ĸо
˶ܹܵϫʵı仯òǸӣ˲Ϊǰĳϫ͸ղˣ
⻯˾
ԣ⻯ڤֶΣұҲʩչ֮ҡͷ
ǡòһķɣ죡ֻɲӵеֶΣǱ죬һ䣡
ܣǵȷ̺֮־֮ϫŲڤĿܲ򵽷ӵԼ֮־
˾ɲԶһͷˮϫʩչ˺εֶΣȻʩչһ
ӹɣһ߷ǿһߵĴħ;


804 ִݻ
ӻƵƮɣϫͷӿӰȣվһɾµơ
ĵڶ
ɰڵġΪѪΪʶ硢о鶼ͳϫһޡ
ֵֺͬĹϵΪ֮⣬һжͨС
һֱǳоΪѪ֮£ʱʱ̶̿ڷɱ䡣
ټǳʱתٶȻʮңʱΪѳ֮ﵽڤ磡
֮ĳϫƾ貹ޱȵķţǴħͽɣһ塢Ϊ˫˫ڤ֮
ǿʷȺӵ׳٣ԳƵǰ޹ˣߣϵ¶ƺѰڶĴڣ
ʱǳϫ߷һγҰУһøʿ޲ľ
ôܣԲܣ
ͫţŸղ;ƿݵĳϫôһ˲»ָս
ѹ˲òôѪգԹƵģ¶ϣԹͲʡ
䣡
κˣٴγϫնɱ޷ľ棬˵ѱһоʧȥǣηķӡ
գҲҪ汳дд͸޾ľȻԹ
ͬھ𣿡
ϫ˵ʱӰһΣӭͷȥһȭױкնѣݡ
壬ɰ壡
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һݿ࣬⵽˼£վֻڤٮٮߣԶԶûͺѩȣǳϫĶˡ
ֻһ˾СƵıϫ߬ŲƾҲϫƿء
һʿˣ޲һ˴ͷһˮ㣬гʢ̰˴롣
ȻֻһȴǽԶʱĳϫ֮ǰɱķʱ״̬ƺҲѶãٲһ;ƿݱģ
ϫץסǺ죬ɫŤĿеԹ֮ɫȴǺܿͱһɾȡ
һɲǣأȵΣϢ̼͵شһɷŭԹоѹܵһǰδеĿֻš
̰ολܵڵ֮Ů
㡭㲻ɱңݴŭ
Ŷ
ϫĿвһ飬ĮԷǸŮˣȴһٶҪɱԼﲻ⣡
οУֻҪǵˣûŮ֣֮
ʦչмӣһֱҵͽ⣬Ͳɱңɿ˵
ܹܵϫɱ⣬ʱȣκɣΨ˵һ֣Լ
ŶϫŶһɫϿҲоġ
ѹ˲ЩҲˣ׷ɱУ޲ܵڵĵɴȴҪҵ£֪ΪΣ
ȳϫӦԼܼ򵥣ΪǱ˷Ըģ֮ôҲΪ£ңʦ֮Ĺϵ
˵գ̧۶ųϫĿ⣬ɫǻָƽʹݣ˵ڣܸʦеҪ˰ɣңȻصţһʦǰ˵û
꣡
Ȼֹ
͵صɴ۾з죬ǲţϫȻͻȻº֣ŤԼĲ
һ̣ǰһڣʧȥе֪
ѵ֪֪׷ɱңȻһʱ㣿
ϫ̧һףʬ˳ȥ׹գͨһ볤У
һ֮ǰϫ֮ĶԻõǴǲδɴʱųϫͻȻºֱ֣˽ɽסһľ
绨ľŮӣµ֣
ССͣ־Ȼ˺ϷʵȥˣҪΪܵЩȥͬһ
һͻȻվ˵ʱֱʩչռŲƣϫǰƽһӡͷϫһĶ¡
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϶˵Ĺûʣ̰ҪȾָ֮
ϫЦȻ壬Ų̤ǰأǧâ绡һ޴ױУֱ֮Ӳ
䣡
߽棬ɽײһɾ
ȻһȻĿע£ֱӱõɳȥѪѡ
ûüܣ˾ͱһ޴ױ֣¡һȫѪǶױһ˲ĥ
һ֮䣬ɱһ棡
һĻøٲĴκνң¶֮̿ɫ
ϫղ˵ʿ֮УأԻһЩ̰ɱεļһϵı
ԭΪսֱʱϫٹǿֻҲѱǿ֮ĩˣֻҪ֣ռЩˡ
ǰѪܵĲһĻȴһ޴ֱӷнһ˿Һͻ롣
ӣУ
һ̣ʿУԶðͬһͷ
ͨ
Ȼڳû뵽ǣϫͻȻһĨ磬硰ֵĳ֮Уգʧ
Ҫʲô
Ȼ׹ɵòǷ̫ı˰ɣ
пܣ
Ҳ͵ʲôϫǰº˰˸ߣ˷ŵΪеıͼͳϫһ
ѵ̫ı⣬ⳤ֮£˻ȻɫнԶƵӿһĨ
Ǵ̫ɽĿģΪ̫屦⣿
ԣȥѰٱ⣬Ҳߵ֮æɣĪлʲôԭ򲻳ɣ顣
䣡
δ£ǳ֮ϵУ͵غȻըһͷΰӰ󲽴˳
˾ͬһգâɣƮǧܻƷ֮һ֣ضڹһۻʼ١
ʵ̫ҫۣ˸޷ò
ԽˣԽĲǸһʿǵ棬һжƵһļµĸо
ɣ
һɴ
˺ȻɵԼһϸ΢ĶŭԶǴ
һȻȫˡ
һӰૣͳһ˿飬һǵ͹ĳɳٶȣǵȴ޵ִ˵ܹвҡ
ܺãŸȤȴһ٣һ㱸һľϲ
ڰƮһΰԻ͵Ӱȴʧûгֹһ㡣
ĬãҲ̲סоһ̶ޱȵľˣǾɽʹ߱ˣ
ȴȻʶһ£ǳϫòִԲŻἱҴǱ硰ֵĳ֮°ɣ


805 Żŭ
һ죬ϫնɱܵʮλǿߣ˻ħֽؾɱϢѸٴһ䶯
𣬳ϫɱ˰˴ߣֺɨȺֻۣһܵʮλ棿Ҳţ
찡ϢըԴϢŻһһˣؾǿ߶նͷ­
ǵõϢʱˣһУΪϫɱ˴ɾߣҲոչȥһʱѣôʱڣĺŵĴ£
ֱ˳ǿףţ
ʮšħ޾ǿȫ𺳣ܶĵǿߣȫӱչص߳ϸ˽
ǲ֪֮ءʥУҲдﱻڴӣ޾գңĳһλ
һ죬𶯣ЩϢһ쫷磬ϯ˷˶ڣһΪֻڤܹġ
ڤ𼶿ֻҲһɣĪѴﵽɾ磬Ϊ
Ʋ⣬Ȼû͵ͨ
ܣǽ׵ɾ磬ȻӵԪ֮ɳϫûС
ҡͷš
ʮսʩչ߱񹦣նɱؾǿߣնɱص棿йŹ֣һйŹ֣
һЩϹŶ쳣Ǹϫ̫ǿˣֱһ̥ĥ
һζԾܵδ̫ˣôּ˻ħȴɱȴΪ˶ԸǸŻɵĳϫǻˣֻ类ѹɱ˰ɣ
ͬʱ˽ԶЩ߷߲ƽоܵΪʮ֮һֶȴ˱ӣֱ˷ָ
Ѿȷϣһд󶼳Ͻʹ߱ʾ⣬ĪˣҲ̫ɽ֮С
Եϫ졢¡ˣһҫ۵Ŀţһɽʹһֻأ걻Ϊһ콾֮ŮȴΪ֮һ־һ𣬶Թ㣬ɱƵҲָ֪Ժεȷʽ˶һ١
߹ϵŵһЩˣԶпѣһеķ꣬Թ𣬹ףγǡ顱֮һǵĻ
ʱŻڣ۵ӣǳϣҲΪһŭС
ܵڸһٶ۸ҾŻɵĵӣ浱ҾŻˣ
̫ˣԻҾŻɻкн㣿
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壬ڣһڵһãɫԶŭѣһͷͷŭ̫ޣ죬Ĳ
ƽʦ֣øɡ뷢ŭţ˵
˻һĿԶϵƽ»ͥɫһºģĿһĨ⡣
ܿ죬ϣԽ𣬷ǳҾŻΧڵ֮ܵˣɱ⣡
Ǻܵصȫȥ
˵⣬»ͥĿһɨˣһϣ£ʦܸΥ֮£ն࣡
ƽʦ֮һݵ꣬ԵȻ
⣬ҾŻɷɢܵڸеӺͳϣȫټնܵڵκϵ£ʦܸ𡣡

»ͥͷޱ飬üɱһƬӴ¡¡ڴУʦܣ񻪷ʮɳϣšʮ¾⽣뿪ţȥҪľǴȫ˽Զ֪ܵڵӱɱ
˶ƽ»ͥǶŭɱɼٷ顣
оϲһĨ޷εɱ
ܵڸɳʮš˻ħȥ׷ɱϫŻɾ͸ɳʮšʮ¾⽣ȥ׷ɱܵڷֲµеӣ
һǿޱȵĻػҪ£˳Ҫ˫
ܣս
ǧǾŻԭʵû࣬ʮе䵽βϣ˶ǣŻʢʱǰԾʮŵһŵλã
ŵû䣬ЩҲǱһ
Щƽ»ͥͳԦ£Żɵڰĸա׳ټϸ۷弶ĳ֣Լŵӿ֣ʵδָʢʱڣҲӵ˺ܵڷ֮ͥơ
һеı仯˻ΪŻɵĸ߲һȴ֪
ƫƫʱܵھӶھŻɣЩ߲ﻹΰס
ƽ˷ʱǿӲ̬ȣһ֡ʮĥһ񳯰Ѿԡζӽн綼ΪŻɵһС
ʱ˿̣һ˿ǣƽʦ֣缴ƺ˺ܵս
»ͥɫܵڶںֺαȥں
Ǳɽʹߣ˶󶯸ɸꡭλĲѣ
˵꣬»ͥǴϵ˼磬ֲɽ磬οҲֻһʹѣƲˡ
˵⣬ɫͻȻһĿ磬λǾŻѻָԶԶҿŻҪջԻͣʮŵһλãϫǹؼǾأ
뼰ڳϫϵһϵк䶯µĴ£ԶΪȻ
˵ǱɹҲó֮ڤ֮˶ܺɨ˶ǿߣݹ۹Ž񣬱鿴£м
ˣֻҪɳעΪľ뢰δɾͲ
ʱ˵Żɵʮŵһ֮λǴĶʢԻҲǼпܵġ
ԣϫʧҲھŻֵܰί»ͥڣ͸һɲɵļ
һ죬һɴ뿪˾Żɣһÿ䡣


硰ֳ֮£ˮ˷һӰУ£;һؽƣԼģޣԶ赲䲽
һǧɡ
ǧɡ
ǧɡ
ֱִӵװǧɾʱϫͣ˼֮ǰˣӦþǱˣҺˮܹʶĲ̽пܱ䷢ˡ
֮ǰʱΪʶ̽ӵű͵Ϯóѣ˰˻ħ֮УڣͬҲˮãܿ˱Ĳ̽
ϧҵıȫʢʱڣһһ˴˲྿жˡ
ϫҡҡͷܿԺһδ뿪˵أǼ·ɳ۶ȥ
̫ı⣬пܾںӵ·ĳһ֮أȻˣԵȥ̽һ
οޱͼȴѽͼϵһӡʶУټϵ̫֮ԿֻҪѰٵĿĵأ򿪲ʧʮ̫屦⣡


806 
һ̫ɽơֵĳӣʮ֮֮ͨµ޾Ԩ㡣
зֲĽƣԼһЩ׺ޡ
һ·£ϫ˲֪ٵĽƣԽ£ƵԽǿҲòʱȥһһƽ⡣
ҺãϫԷѴﵽǷ켫ĵز˿ͷޱȵĽƣȴסĲ
ͺñȥ⣬ɼ򵥵ӣѳ̶ҲεӣֻҪݺͷ֮˽;ֻҪһʱƽˡ
Щƣʵϫͷ۵ȴǺˮвʱڳޣвҲ󣬵Ŀȴ̫ˣ޾㣬ôɱҲɱꡣ
޲ͬˮеޣȫηûǰ㣬ֻҪ˿̣ͻһһĹ䲻вԼȴǷˣӬƵûûˡ
֮£ϫֻƽʱʩչ⻯֮һĶãһɱޣһƳơ
һȻɲ١
ǡ⻯ˣֻڤʿУԳϫ磬ʩչʮ⻯ȥԾ
͵ڶͬڶӵǻۺһо飬Ϊ֮⣬ͱ𡣶⡰⻯һսֶΣʩչķɴ͵ۣҺǻۣҪȥٿغս
ˣսҲԺͱˡ
Ҫ֪ڤ磬֮ѹڤʿʩչĳɱսڡ⻯ǿ
ҺڤɱսһÿһԲĴ壬ڤ߾ܶʩչһ⻯
ϫʮԲ壬Ϳʩչʮ⻯
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ϫڵִӵףһȴĵ߰˰ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Խ£ƵԽֱֲֽƣѿɽˣƽǣ߰˸Сʱ
ͬʱЩӵ޵ʵҲüΪǿͨĵҲûʲôĿӴ
£ܵѹ֮ҲͿ֪ˣǻ棬ܹȻ
ϫҲǴնһ·ǱУʶĽƺͷȥƽǣһֶԷΪĥº
ƽؿֲƣԷ̣֮Ϊڶȥ֮ˣ
ս棬һ·ͨ⻯նɱޣҲܹƿڤΪ
Ͼڽ֮ǰϫӵеΪֻԲѣڶڤ磬Ϊʶһַ츲صı仯
һȫµľ磬ȻҪʱȥúĥºƿء
ϸڶսͱҲˣϾյͨ޲綥⼶ĴڣΪÿһ󾳽磬ܷͨӳʵҲǷǡ
֮ۡ塢ǿմӡԶؼһ޶ϴڣͷۡȸͨҪࡣ
һжע˳ϫǵڶսǿ
ϧǳˣǺ͵ڶںϣܷӳʵȻҪ١
ֺĵײΪƽ̹һڼӲ֮ʯ̾ͣݲ
ִ֮󣬱㲻нƣҲûޣĵģļ֮
ճϫסıͼ·ֻźӵһǰִ価ͷܽ뵽̫屦Χ
ûչжѡһطĻָΪ
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ϫӴѣվ壬ɳǰȥ
һơֵĳֻǧ֮ԶӵһȻûоͷ㣬ޱȡ
ǰУϫҲǷ֣һĵӣͨڤظ֮а㣬qqһƬļ¡
Ȼһ·ϲδʲôΣգȴ˿Ҵ⣬һǰУһ֮ɨܣޱȡ
һͻȻͣٽŲü֮һһĨĹ
ôϾ̾ͼ亳ͼͼôʧˣϴǰʱǵЩϵͼӡǽϵġ
ԣ϶
ò֮ǰͬҲ˵õݱͼɣ˵ݱͼֹһݣ
ԶͻȻһ϶ھ̫ԶԵüΪģϸ΢Ƶġ
ȻֲãԭˡϫȻһĨ磬˹ȥ
һƬɫ̦޺ұڣұ룬˿ٳһʯţɣʯűƵĹͼµʴѱģϲá
ʱһʯſһ϶һ͵Ĺܹڵ龰
Ȼǰľͷˡ
ͱͼϱǵĵطȫǺϣУ̫屦ΧˡϫȻ
Ȼ֣ʯ֮ڣһεߵĺˮȴֿ˵Ľ롣
ûֺһ
̧ȥͼʯ֮ڣȻһտޱȵĴıڣһյյͭյȼų겻Ʈ͵Ĺԣ
Уһֻϰ㣬ԵüΪС
ʱһߴӰפڴһǽǰͷǽڣ
һϮۣǣԨsţº֮˷
նɱʱ򣬳ϫûִټΪηǱˣȴû뵽Ȼؽ
˵ҲȷΪȫһ˻ѴǺˮܲؽƺ޵
ΨһóϫֵǣԼִ˵ʱߵ֮˷ֻɶؾΪҲִܵ˵أ
Ҫ֪ǺˮؽƵ֪ƾ˷һ˿ɾѴˡ
϶صĲԻִ̣ܵ˵ءϫ߷һ˿⣬ٳɣʯ֮С
ûܵڲ֣ʱСһ뵽̫屦ˣĻᷢôĲۣ
У˷ջĿ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôü̾Ϣѡ
ˣ
һڶ˷˼Ȼ
ɫ͵һȻ̧ͷͿһεӰ֪ʱȻ뵽˴УңңԶ
һϮӻƵۣ忡ƮȻǳϫ
㡭㡭㡭ôţ˷ͫȻ˰㣬˵ý
𱨵޳֮ͽţĸȥ
ϫҲھºˣֻǺûɱ㡣үƺҲȥⰲҺڴ
ƽȴ˷һɫ䣬ֱȻͨһֱӹڵˣ
һжܵвģ췢ģҵı⣬󷢴ȱһɡ
˷һݣߵͷѡ
ϫҲһ棬᲻ϣڣƵԼߵͷ


807 ̳
˷һүɶؾǿߣһףȴߵףһݣ֪Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ϫȴݣֻǸоһδ̫޳ܺûйֱʱԾӱΣһжõܵϣˣҲ֪ɾġ
Զ췢ģʼգҾ޿ӺͷֻŹһ⡣
˷Ȼ£Ҳˣ˵ؾ̫屦ֻһ֮ңֻҪŹңԸһȫϡ
ɱ㣬Ի⡣
ϫɫʵұ㽫նɱʬˮǳǽ֮ϣʬҰʾ¡
˵꣬˷ɫ䣬еǳڿɴŹһ
ϫҡͷɻ
˷ɫȻ૲ѣѵСı𣿵ﲻܵڣֱŻݡ
˵ʱ͵شӵϱ˫絶ٿȻϫﴦݺնȥ
һνͻʤһˣ벻ʱ˷Ȼ͵ϮҶɴ䡢ûаֵĳɣ͵Ϯ֮衣
ȻһгϫԤϵ˷һ֣һգɽɱ£ȳ֡
飡
˷Ƶģһ飬Ѫո̧˫ۣҲӰش£һɵڵء
һǽԪ׻ȥػϣ
Ҿ֪Ϊһ׾ϧջˣҲֲñˣֻܹԼ𱨣Թ¡
ϫҡҡͷƿĿ⣬Ͷ˴ܵǽϡ
տûκεİ裬ΨǽϣϡԼ׭ͼɽ㡢ǳȵȡ
ŹֵǣЩͼĵĲ֣ˣֻһЩװƵľͼ
ӱҲκεļֵ
ϫ֮ǰ˷еġϾоͼ亳ͼͼۣ૵ѵ˵֮ǰǰ˵أһõĶһɨˣ
ϫһ㽫ĿڴһŻձͼأŻ֮󣬾̫ͨ屦Ψһ;
ಣ
û˷ʱ䣬ϫ̧һĨ磬ֱӳŻ֮ڡ
ŻڣӳľһǧĶСˮ峺ƯһƬƬҶֳ֮ɫһȼգɢأɺɻȴѱ˲ߢ
ϼ䣬һһļֵˣǧĶ֮ڵĺɻȻȫߢˡ
ϫüԽһƬּһƬ԰֣԰֣ɢŨ˱ǵŸָҩ¾ϼȾ⡣
ӦһƬҩ԰ֲŲٿҩһЩлݡ߽ͫȵȣһƬҩ԰ǷھŻڣǴڣҲȻᱻϼӿ
ҩ԰ڵҩȫֿݰֵ֮࣬˵Ĺʵ䡢ɡѱߢһգֻһصǽ塣
ˣϫһǰС
һ·ϣּһĹΡ빬еҩĵÿһֺޱȣµĲɣϢ϶ׯࡣ
ɴȴʮҾſգǽ壬һȺ̰ޱȵϴһ飬ڵߣѹεøɸɾ
ȷ˽ȵˣֶξȻ˺ݣĻᶼԼϫٵĿһĻĻ֮ɫҲЩ
ǿȷȻ̫ǧ˿ƵĹϵ˵ܾ֮ء
һУȴϤɨһգϫβƣ
Ҫ֪̫ʮ֮һµıָúεȾˣ
޷
⿴һľŻɾ֪ΪһŵĸֱִоǺε֮ˣ÷Ǻӡ纣ݶš
ϫҶԣԼһ·һбԽһˣ
˵ԼֻЩ桢һƽ̴һĻֻҲᱻ̣һӻ
ҺãֻΧ̫屦Ӧûûб֣Ҫ֪򿪱Կ׻ԼС
ϫһ룬еŻࡣ
ٳɣҲٲֱ̽ձͼָʾɳ۶ȥ
һ
ճϫٶȣ붼ɳ˲֮ңŵִﵽһƬϵĽȺǰ
ѾǱͼصһص㡣
ϫһҲǷ֣ƬȺܣһεĽ룬ĵľͷ·ǰС
ֽƺֲܿ񱻴ؼٳһڣ֮֯˵ϫԼɵִֻҲԽ
ಣ
ϫٰգ·ͿһĻĵһĻ
һƬȺϹǬ㡢롢ޡҡԷλΧÿһϹֳͬķңӦذ˷
ڰ룬ֿٳ̳̳ͨɫʯͣϲɣ֮֮λļ
̨֮ڣӣƶ̾ᣬǡѭΧƣͨ΢ӳ󡢰ԡ
ˣһƬ̸϶ֺ룬ֻͨͨСֶѡ
ϫԾǣ⡰֮ӡʣཻ̳ܻ֮ˮλ֮ӡԹᣬܻΪŹ֮ס
ԭͨͨĲ֣ΪӵѭȺ󶼲ֺͬƴ̺ݱ֮ѽ֮С
ԳϫԷ֪һĻҲ𾪣õ£ڵĴֱʣԳƵǾ춯ˡ
⹬̨ӣԶֻⲿһƬ̳ڣ
΢֪̫Ȼڷžγذĳ裬˴Ҳ֪Ϊλһҹ֮ʧˣ˵Խߣת֮ҲʶԽ̣˵ռδݼף׻ġ
ϫƬ̣벻Ȼҡҡͷֱӹĵ̳ɳ۶ȥ
̳϶ֻͨаɷΧӡʴİ߲ۼϫפУȴûɸܵһׯصķΧ
Լ䣬·𿴼һλϣڴ̵ԣһڵӻ޾нáϲɫ
ΡȤִߣΪΪԷΪȻ֮⡢֮ϡ֮ڣνΣ
֮󣬵֮棬졢ڵءɡףΨж
ﴦе֮ããҲһɳӰˡ
Լ䣬һӹİڶ쳹ʡֱָģһ˲䣬ϫ˶סˡ


808 ëС
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޾Ҳ֪жλ̫Ĵڴо伮ҵȻȻһĥĴϢ
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ϣ֮Ʈ죬ߵַʥ޾е̾óϫ㱣Ծϥڵ̳롣
һ̵һɵ¶ӣججл㱣֪𣬲֪գȴȻȻ̳ĴϢϣƬϡ
ɢһƵϣӨӨ⣬ʥϾǡƾ棬ȻȻ
һ˲ѣ̳ɢأӿ컨׹ϫûϥУ³һϼϡ
ˣ
һĲɢܣǾֹӿʼת̨ϸ³ƴĿ棬𱻵ȼ㡣
ְֱ֮λİҲӳֳһ磬֮ͨţ๰̨Խӣͨڵ̳ܡ
ոӣͻῴ̳ܣѱ֮֮ӯͷųԣͻͶƴλö롣
ಣ
ͻȻһֻС޴ͻأͬƾնְ㣬ʼվȻûһ˿Ĳ
ֻһߣģСܣƤëֽӲӵɫ˳͸һɺ̬һԺӡ
ԭʦڿΣС͵͵ëСҡҡͷһʧܵ䡣
һצӣشųϫͻȻʲôһţզˣȥôʱˣʦʦʦٲܻˡ
˵ţһƨڰУʲôĺͯͻȻҲˣ޵ĺġ
ǣ¾ڿޣëСܾȻҲûκε죬˵ϫˡ
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ëСͻȻֹͣ˲۾վֶնյС壬ⲽһȻ૵ԣԣǵʦ񽻴ǰĻ͡͡ˣֲʦ˵ûûΡ
˻Դٶ룬ֻ峺۾ųϫĿоǺ֮ɫ
ৣ
ûãëСƲʲôವһ¾ʧˡ
ʱϫҲתʼջȻûע⵽ղһͷСޣ۲ܾúܾá
˿̣Щõĸڴȫ̡һԣ̲࣬ڣĵ̥͸ÿһ缡ɢһƵϡ
ĳ˵Ƚ׸ҪΪڻǱܣչ΢ϵ⣬һɳ죬ɾʥ֮Ի͡
ӴԺ󣬳ϫڶн˳Ϊ޳޹̥ڡ
ϫ۾һû뵽һ򵥵ĵ̳У̫ҵֲ֪ᷢε顣
վӣĿһɨܣȻ֣ӡ̳ԹȫŲ˷λƻ֮ǰһģһѻȻͬ
Ϊǣǰĵ̳ϣӿһŻqq޵׶㣬һʯֱ̨ͨڣ
Īǣ±̫屦֮أϫüͷһ֮ǰִڴʱɲδһŻ
ѵŻĳֺԼҲйϵɣ
ϫ˼Ƭ̧̣ǵŻȥ˵̫ĵطƲ⣬˼һ⡣
һʯ̨׺ӡ
һյյǰҰȻʣһϵĵӳС
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ƺµʴѸ಻ϵּģȱ㶼ϲ
ϫȻѵ̫屦⣡
ŤͷطټĿռУֻһéݵۣ
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񣬾éݵƵƸ귢£̫ˡ
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ªéݡơ⼣߲ĳһжܾ֮أǷ׺쳾УķֻҲѱ
é͡챦׺ܹͷųϢҲɶ֮ͨƷȴɢ˺ʥϢԽˣԽô˵ԵòͬѰˡ
ϫҲ֪һЩܾ֮ͨͨһһݣܴߵϢȾ֮£ҲȾһԺ͵ϡ
ͺñȻʯΪ񣬻Ϊֶ̥αȡʯɽ𡱸Ϊǿ󣬼ֻΪǿߣܹһ
ΪϫֱǣǷϳ׵ĴСǡúԼе̫֮ԿǺϣ
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һ˲䣬ϫ¶һ亹񾭽Ĺңȫ䱸һȥ
ǳ֮ʱһСܣ
Զһֻһ߸ߣƤëӲӣСֶնյļһһֻѰ˾ռߵܣ
ʱצһö̫֮ԿУ̬䣬ԵúܿɰûаΣտԡ
Ǻǣ֣ʦ뿪ʱԿ״ˣˣ뿪ȥѰʦʦˡ
ëСܸͲϫԹԴǺǺЦţȻһӣ˳Ƥëм䣬¶һӲӵС
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ϫȻֻи뵰С̫֮Կһ߳ǿǽԿף
Ҫϫȣ浣̫֮ԿС޸ͱˣĻδéݵ۵Ĵţ
ΪɶëСֹ֣һʵ
ǲǴ㲱ϽԿףǴԿסϫĽ͵ѿëСƺԼ޶⣬аȲ١
ëСһ㶣ĿһéݵۣҲ֪ʲôɫ͵ؼһվӣеʦ˵ܴ֮Դ


809 
֮Դ
ϫһУЩɲ
éݵƺʥܷ֮Դ
Ҳν֮Դһжֶ򡢻ҵԴͷа䡢ȵۡ
شһһֱԴֻҪǣ֮Զɢ
ͺڰƺͶһĴڣԣ޷ӸĨ
ֻݣһɱԴ֮ѱ˼ʷѹ
֮֮Դ̫Ʈ죬ĵף֮Уɵۻһʱǵضݣ
ǽëСܾ˵éݵ֮ڣһ֮ԴϫβԾ
֮㲻Ҫ򿪾ˡ
ϫ˵ëСͷٺٺЦˣʦ֣ôڲþá
˵ţһצӿʼʱ䣬һꣿһǧꣿһꣿʱ̫ˣˡ
ϫ۾Ȼ˭ʦ֣
ëСܸȻʦ֣ʦӰ뿪ô
ϫԴˣĸʦ𣿡
ʦһ˷ҲһȴӲ֪ԼʲôʱһλԵɵɵʦܡ
ˣȴٺʦ졣
ëС˵ţ̫֮ԿϵĽͱȥǲʲô͵ס֣һʦ֣
ϫĿһɨܣûʲô쳣ΪʲôҪ
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ָо̫죬ڷ֮Ӳٳһռ䣬ԼǻëСܾͶС
㡭ϫ죬û˵ͱһֻë׵צӸסˡ
ʦ֣ϴǸ֡
ëСܱסϫĲӣһ߸ߵϣëżƵģǧ˵ֵĻҲ򲻹
ϫȷһ£ëСܿƻ˺ܾãȴ¶֮˵г֮δ˵ͽȱۣûûεİ㣬еһƴ
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һӰԡе㣬ͨƻϼֻһ˫۾ԣȻ⻹貣·Էٻ񷣬ء
ȻԳϫΪҲ̲סһܵһϢ
Ȼˣڴ˵̻գ˸󹬵ȴҵıڣȴ벻ڴ˵ء
ǰéݵۣԡеЦˣĮҲ˫еĳɫʢҪپ㡣
ԣϫһԼһ·һǽ徰󣬲쵰Ǹ󹬵ҩ԰ڵɨһļһˡ
ĻǣëСҲ֪ʩչĺεԼϢӰȫڸǣԡеӺεǿûܷǵĴڣ
ߣ֪ǵ̳ͬѰǱһ޾µĴϢ˱ķۣ
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ϫһӿһĨ𺧣ϳǰԡ꣬ӦǿߣһɱȨĴ
ʵҲڽϣпڣǿǿɵĴˣ
һҵ
ϫɫһƬеӳ֣ʶʱֵĽȣƺԴӲؾһ̣ѿʼʻ˶ĸ֮а㡭
ףȻҿⱾ
ȻƲһ಻Ĵţü䲻ӿһĨɷͲסƺһȻһ˲ͱһأ
ָоͬһӡ㣬ʵڽһɱɶΪɲϢ͸
һ̣һװ㣬ȻʢһƬµ˼£ֱͳϫڲؾ֮мһ׷ʥʶѶã
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ȣ˫籧һֳҵ̫ݺݳ⼣߲Ĵȥ
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һ죬ɢʥϢҲһ£ƺҪ㣬ԳϲɫһҪʩչһĹһٽơ
ڴʱͻȻǵ۽յĴ¶һ˿϶һɹȻһ˲ͽӵѹס
һɲǣϫһܵһ޷аϢӿͷûѪҺҪͣıһɼӰס
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Ҳһ¶һĨ֮ɫˣƺΣգҪʱܿ
ڴʱǵ۳һ˿϶֮УͻȻðһƺһֻɫƣɢһɸࡢаޱȵϢ
䣡
ֻ̽һԶŵħ񼴽Ю֮Ҫٴν䣬Ⱦָء
֮Դỹȸѵ˴ңҪһǰδеĺƽ٣
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飡
һֻұۣ֮Ϯһ˲ըʹ;̼һޱȵĲҽС
Ҫ֪һɻɲ񣬾ȻһԴ֮ѹָоͺһħһֻϰ㣬óϫһëȻ׹ߡ
ȿֲѳ֪
򷨣Ѫʥ飬֮꣬ȡһ
Ӿŭ͵һھѪǣһȻѿһĨӰգӵòӰ
飡
ո룬ֻɫĴ֣ûص۴ڣǶ׼˳ϫգݺ˺ץ
һ˲䣬͸оһ޷ݵԹа֮ԼĶ֣Ԫʶ
һеһУƺֻ£ʧȥã⻹һ
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Σֵʱ̣һԵĽëСͻȻˣֳ̫֮Կƿհ㣬ֱӳɫնȥ


810 
̫֮Կһ߳һɫһööطģƮǳƵɫϼ⣬֮
˿̣ëС֮ΪնԿ׶Ȼ⣬Хֱӽֻ𿪣
飡
һƾ죬ƸɫֺȻɢȻһɱһա
ϫµؿһĻû뵽ëСܾ˵ãﶼ޿κε֮ȴһ顣
ಣ
ȳϫӦëСһһĨ⣬éݵǰֻצ
һصķģкȻŻ¶һ˿϶ֳ׷ӡ
֣ͱ֮ԴӳһУëСܳһһצĴţһµģ
ϫһ̬ģĽëСܣû֡͡ϵ
Ҫ֪ղһĻֱֲ̫޵ֿ֮ɽëСȴһͽһֻֻ飬ʵָжǿ
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ʦֹ֡ëСܺٺٺЦţƺЩ˼ֺצͷѡ
㡭ʲô֣ϫ
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ϫͷ˵ˣΪܽʦ֣
ȷܺ棬ǿȷëСܱȻ̫ĴɣһԼͰԼʦ֣
ѵΪһ̫֮Կ
ȻëСܰһȻģʦģֳ̫֮Կִڴ˵ģһǰʦ֡
˶٣ʦ˵ðһֱʦ֣Ϊֻʦе̫֮Կܴ򿪰ϵ
˵ţһţеѽզǿˣʦԵȣȰ˰֪ٺ졣
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ȷǣǰСһӦڴ˵ش˺ܾãΪľǵȴʦ˵ġʦ֡֡
ɲɵģԼֳ̫֮ԿȻȻˡʦ֡
ڴ嫺ɳĮеǬԪʱԼһͷƥӰһϺϫԺвһΪǬԪˣĪǰʦɣ
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ƻĹţͻǧ
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ϫ˵һĻ޺ɨȺֱۣȴһĸл£һͷ١ƷͯӣҵԷʧ֮䡣
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ǬԪ֮УʿУؿ飬ɵȴ֣ڿȥʿʵûȥǱԴ
ҲǴһ𣬳ϫ̫±⣬Եȴ޼Ӻ֮ģȹؽ󣬲ųƵĴȺͷ緶
ǵõʱԼģ̫֮زأضɽţؽ̫нഫ֮䣡
꣡
һ죬ëСܰڲһɫС

һıﱻ򿪣⺩̬С͵ͷһ˻װ㣬𵴾ʮء
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ܹӵȿֲƣΪָжߣ
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ϫǽסݺݳ鴤һ£ס˰׿˰㣬ƺԼֶһֻԻ
ȷ뿪ˡһһéݵۣתͨϷ̨̳ףٶ

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ϫͰ뿪ǱڵϵġطһĨԣͨ㣬һɶ𣬲éݵ۽յĴϣס

ͻȻéݵطһͳɳ֮ưΪƾסĴţ֮ʣһƹض̫֮ȫɱ
͸޾ĲʡŭԹޣչڳš
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ǹ϶ͨļ̨ϣͨµһŻȻʧѰٵһ˿ټ
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ͬʱ׵Ρɽ壬ֵĺƵԶӿһͨɢϼʮɽӶ
һƴ񼣽٣ʱ˸ʿע⣬޲Ŀˢˢɨ˹ȥ
ȻǳʢĹ̫ĿﳹûǵǿߵԿŵз䡣
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ȻȻǣǡκɽȻˣֻһƬͺͺڲʯء
⡭˺£
Щ˷бͼϢȥ˷ǿ߷Զ϶̫屦ڣȻ⡰κɡ
񣬻ھеĻɽȻֱӴ˼ˣβ𾪣
Īǣ̫屦ѱ˻ˣ
˰˼⡣
ֻһСµһлϫйϵҪ֪ǰգŸնɱܵڵһڵ棬ֱɽʹ߱죡
ϫҲһս롰ֺ֮£ʧһϸƺ˵ǰһƺͳϫŲСĹϸ
ȻһжֻƲ⣬Ҳû˸ȷһǷĺͳϫйء
̫ɽ֮⡣
ϫջĿ⣬ʵһеǲǺйأ
ëСϺ˯ԣԺ˵ǰǺйأһжǡ
˵˵ţԴһᣬ˯ˡ
ϫΣ֪ҪȱƵСһе֪һУֱȵ컹ѡ
ˣȥˮǣһºλСүôˡϫҡҡͷһӰһԶˮǷӶȥ


811 ñط
ˮǣº
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˿̣еˡ۶£ڸеһϣ׵ţ㣬ɫ֣ɪɪ
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ǰһҡΣһУյơ
üĿݰףӢƥҡУɢһ˵ķ֮һâ¶㡣
ڰԣһ꣬һֱɫʱ˫۱أضűϵ»
ˣǰͻȻºУһԲ֣ħ㣬ɱº֪ٸֱ֣ץסСү»ֹ֮֡
Ҳʱǲף˾ȻΪϫˣ
һӣºȫʧȥ˵ֻֿԼСүϣҹĿ̡
˱ߣȥǰƴһ⣬ȫ
˼ֱսʤħ㣬ɱ¾ѪֶΣ״ݿ˵Ķ־
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ֻǵġüϸһĨɫ
˵꣬ʹϵģϫôˣǵžˣһһġ
Щħͷ־ɱңһСӣֱ֪ܣ˼£
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ծӳ쾭壬СһװˣС˼ܺŪ˭ҪѰƫƫԸ겻м
㡭»ȻһӿһĨĻںޣԼΪҪȰ״Ӧܵڵأ
ףľô
ʱһεӰְУ忡ʳǳϫ˿ϵ»ֿ˿һİͿ꣬ɾϲ
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Ҫ֪нУΪһ˵ĳԹɱŵӿżʣѳ˹һ
ϫֻն׶񣬲޹ӣ˵޽УҲǺˡ
Ȼû˻ȥмϫˣͬҲû˸ʱȥ𣬱Ͼ˴˵ʵʵ̫ˣʱϹȥ𣬼ֱҲûʲô

ಣ
һұѹƲ㣬ʻˮǣ˲ʧߡ
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ҲѻָԭΣ»ǰ߸ߵģڳϫϣŶȣһĴͷһ̻ʣл˵ϫĳԽԽˣҶܳʱûԹĿˡ
ҲܳûԹ֡ϫһ࣬ëСܰҲٺٺЦֻצͬһ鿾⡣
ˡľ̲סɱ˷»ȴŹºˣǻţ½
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޲£µǱɱ˫ۣ˵ģ
ˣľڴˣһȺ߹Ǹʱ䣬ܳʲô򣿵ȵǳɳ𻯵ɣңھ֮ˣֻҪɵ;𡣡ҡͷ
˵Ҳǡľͷٶ˵
ϫЦЦҪ˵ЩʲôȴͻȻסĿ˲֮ϣһǿҵĸоԼ׵ɾҪˡ
һֺĸоѪڤڤƺע
ߣȥɱߣȻţϫվӣվڴͷԣ֮һƬͨ

һұȻʻ˾Żɽš
ϫˣ
һյʱ䣬º䶯۵ӣǳϽԶ֪ϫˡнഫе񣬰Ȼ
ϫԼû뵽ԼĻع飬˴ĺ䶯һ·ϣǸк
ֻƺѴ֮ǰġϫʦ֡ˡϫʦ塱
ԭܼ򵥣ʵ֮Żɵĸ߲㳤֮һǼƽ»ͥҲֻƺһ䡰ƽʦ֡
ֵı仯ҲʹŵλıͬҲһֶʵϿɡ
ϫִʱȴ֣һŮװŮЦڵȴԼ


812 ʥ
ϴ֮ϡ
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һ·ϣϫ֣Ϊβ˴ʦǣ㡢ѩ׿ټŮװŮʱһӾԭ
СʦܣþòŮЦڣݰףˣһĨķ磬˲ͱķ۷
ʦ㡣ϫ֣кûκƽͳ
һμλʦ㡱ʱƽںɽʱŮһöԼһͼƬ
ڶʱȴ嫺ɳĮеһƬУʱº֮ʧ߳ŭҪڣҵŮʱȣŻһѡ
εļ棬һƳ˴̸ֻƬֱʱϫûλʦ㡱
ȴΪ϶Ƕ˷˵ĵӣУҲѰѶԷԼʦ㡣
ǰϫαԼҲӲĶԷԼһֺݵθС
ΪԷΪʵ̫ˣߵֱڣҲֻȥĵزĴҲҪô˼ֶΡ
̶ʮ꣬һʵѵáŮ˫֣Цһϫ峺о֮ɫ
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Ů˰Ƶ֣ϫգԳЦϾҪɽٵɾˣô߰
һŮôϷԼϫʱβѣĵһ죬Щ֪Ǻá
ˣˣŮ˰֣Цһ˵СʦܣǰҪȥһط
ȥϫԣɫҲ
ȥ֪ˡ
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ϫһ㶣ȷ֪£ȴûͶɽʲôˡ
ܼ򵥣ᱻ²þףһٽĨɱˣûһ˿Ŀܡ
ŮԶ񷣬㲻þ׵ϽĴ޽ɣʱҲֱӱĨ
ϫȻһþף޽ɣͷһۣɷϣȷŮĻ𺳵ˡ

ԭԼһֱǸ
ϫһĨӣҲ֪øˣǸñνȻڳĴڣǺǻֻ֪ˡ
Сʦ뵣ģҴȥĵطԽ⡣ŮЦΣں֮оͻףνҲǲսʤġ
ϫһͷлʦָ㡣
ʵܺ棬Լλصʦ㣬ԼĴԼ֮Ҳһ
ûʳڣ̫Խ͵飬ʦ˵Լǿʱһжġ
Сʦܣ׼һ£㡣
ŮЦЦҲӰǹһʵ䵭ֱӰʧ
ҲΣȥҲ٣֮񲻾ħ
Ҳ֪ǾǺεȵط̶ѨֻҪ˳ɾ磬ҲһҪȥһ
Ů뿪֮󣬳ϫһӿһĨᶨ֮ɫǷĵûʲôηԣ

ҹ
嶥ڣʦֻĪյˡ㡢ѩάĪ櫡ԼĲǣȫһá
˵ڿƮƳ⣬Ц̣òա
ס׿ëСܰһ𣬴ڳ⣬ںȾƣ˭Ե࣬ȫУСһϲ
ʱ׵Դ̾˧ֱ̫˧ˡһëСܰĶƤЦֲ֧ѽСƤ˯һ
СһҲϰ㣬ΪƺԶҲԲĸζ˵Ǻܺһ֣СԻ˵ֱһһŮܣ
ϫܸоİһЩ겻ᣬʱҲ֪ܵʲô̼һ
ֱϫ֮Լ뿪һʱ䣬Ը˲õģĴˡ
Ȼû飬ھŻеĵλٲȻѳԽɽ壬ռͷ󲿷ԭԳϫڳҲֲϵ
άĪ櫣ԼЩĲǣУʵͻͽ
СıޣӵΪΪߵ񵶰̣ѿʼڤ磡
ɴ˾֪ЩĲʺ츳жôľˡ
άĪ櫣Ҳѡչأɾ磬ڤѻ̫ãνǺӵд˵Ҳ֮С
ĪմʦǣΪͬ٣ֻǲϲڴˣǰѾ˸Եİϡ
ҹϵӪ˪ӪϰսʦֻĪաʦ¬ʦȳӡʦֶסʦ㰢ֱæװƶڡоսȵȡ
ѩ㣬Բ˵һһؾǿߣһʵɲ⣬ϣЩζ
ϰ׿סľëСܰϣ԰ϻ塣
׿ڰ£ѳ٣ǰֻȭͷСڶһֻèˡ
׺ľԴǰ뿪Żɣɳ˲٣˲ٻԵľʵѽڤڣν١
ΪҪǣľѳɹѪޡľǡ츳Х֮䡱
׵ĽΪˣǱǷ֮ټϼ̳˼ڵϽУΪҲѽڤԲ֮
Ұ˵Ϊ˵һȥ꣬ܽ׵֮ˣ
֮ϫһЩʦ֡ѡԼҲûһʡ͵ˣһ͹̥
壬ϫҲԼ뿪󣬻ᷢʲô⡣
οľŻڣĵλֱ죬һڸ߲ӣʱҲûĸϻ鷳
ΨһóϫĲµǣȷԼ뿪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ҫ֪֮󣬾ǺͰˣǵˣԻޱȡ
Ͼ徴磬˵Լĸ˽ģһɣҲֻдܻԼ֪һС

ϫƿţͥԺ֮⡣
ȻλϲŮװʦ㣬֪ʱѵȴˣ֣ЦѾ׼׵ˡ
ϫ˵ͷʵʦ㣬ǴȥҪã
ŮЦԣ꣬ȻܴһС
ϫ˿ꣿ㹻ˣ
߰ɣСʦܣǿһƬλ߿ٵķʥأһ˶ȥŮգգ۾Ц˵
˵ţ޼ɻ̽Ө޳ƣһץסϫ֣ӰһһĨǻԣȻʧ


813 ã

ϴأ̺֮ϵĻľһζ¶һϲľӣü䣬Ө׻ۣǰ㡣
ͷյĲ񷣬˿૵С˵ĲɽĴˣͦ

ʥأ
һƬλӵ֮ͨĴߵ磬ǰս֮УеʿܹС
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫ңԶʩչŲ֮ҲҪķǧ֮ãû·͵ִﲻˡ
Ϊʲô
ǿ֮䣬ĿռϺѵʱУҲͬϰ㣬ᱻ˲ɵ
һ治
ʱͻˡ
ʦ㣬һ֪γƺ
ͺá
һĨǻ֮˸һ˲ʧޱȵǿ
ϫһǻƣȥֻܿһƬƬŤİ쵹ǿռ֮󣬴ٶѴﵽһֺޱȵĵز
Ų֮ŲƣһֱȿռŲƸֲĶݷֻ֮ϵĿֲڷܹա
ΪŲ֮ǣ֮ҲΨɲƿء
һУϫ֮ǰδţδǴʱУ󣬳ɾ֮󣬾ǿ֮ηɳۡ
ʱֱé®ĳģģ֮ģǰյ֪ʶ;飬ʱͲá
ҺãԳС롱ʦ㣬͸ߣһ·ϵΪ١
Ƿʥأʦ˵ʵһ磬ǰߵսϣֻھ̫ңԶΪ֪ˡ
ʦ㣬Ƿʥô棬ܹҽ׵ɾ⣿ϫƬ̣̲סʵ
ʵЩ棬һԣʿ׵֮ʱһ׽٣ν죬ҡֱϣһٶɹ已̥ͻữ֮ʿУζõһʵķԾ
ԪɻΪԪ
ʶɻΪ
Ҫɹɵһص׽٣ȴôףԣڣɽʱͻᱻʱ׽پͲôˣǲþף
һɱ֮Ŀֲ׽٣޽ɶԵֿ۳ϫڤʿˣһϣȻ
ʦ˵ǷʥأȻа취⣬óϫβ棿
Ҫ֪Ȱ취ֱ͵컻ȡҲûʲôˣ죡
õģܱܿ̽ķʵ̫ˣΪѡһպҲǴ档ЦһϮۣݰףŮװȴһĶǵ
ϫͷٶʡ
ˣСʦܣôԯǸСѾͷƭߵģСѾͷɲ򵥰
ͻȻŤͷ峺ЦӯӯųϫЦо֮ɫ
ԯϫȻϸϸһ룬Ȼʦ˵ǰ㣿
ߵģ֪֪׵Ļ飬ΨһǰضǿŮˡ
ͷСѾͷ²Ӧ͵͵ŵģ򡭡Ǻǡ
ϫʦ㣬㾿ʲô
գգ۾Ц˵˾̫Ȥˣأ
ϫһò˵ھ;úȤ
Цĳϫ򣺡û£ٸܸŮʶڷʥΪҾͿԷ뿪ˡ
ʦ㲻ȥϫȻ
Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôЦһ̾Ϣʦ뿪ãδ飬һЩ϶æŲֺͶģΪӣҲðһЩ飬ô
ȳϫ˵չһЦ˵İɣ綯ע֮£Ҳ˻ᵲţֻ谲㹻ˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãϫֻһǰҰȻ䡣
ӳģһƬ嫵ǿգǳѭΪǺӣΪΪܲݵʯꡭֺ뵽˼¡
ǳľͷȻֳһƬ֮ĹĻһž޴ޱȵļ㣬ѭǳ⣬һƬյͨ
ǱǷʥأҲ磬ɶ̫桢Ԩ䱡衢λ̫ʱֵ졣
ָԶƵǰĺƴ磬˵
ϫ𺳣ֻۼų׸ܵһǺεֶͨΣֱͬһĴˣ
ಣ
˰޳һУһ磬ֱУʧ
ˣǰ㡣
Ťͷųϫ˵СʦܣΪʲôȻ·ǧҪԼıġ
ϫɫȻ֣صͷ
һ̣ͻȻ𣬵һν׹һ֮ʱŵһͨɣܶԵѺ֪رģ޿׹֮ġ
رģ
ϫһֵлʦָ㡣
Цˣֳ̽䲻ϫգôҲ֪ЩСôϲġ
ϫΣڨڨѡ
룬λõô
ʱһٿȻԶ漴һηҡҷһβ⣬ɳ۶
һӳֳһŮӰ
̬޳ֱһͷĿĽɫԺף¶һǷľգͷӨףֱͦ촽ԸУ޾ף
ȷһʮʮĴˣǧɣɫȴΪ䣬󲽶жɴ࣬һе顣
ϫֵǣޱŮ֮ǰĶȻͬһԱյˣ¶ǰһĨҫ۵ѩס
һȹ¶һԲƵ޳ȣ֮˫ϴѥӣһ׶Ӱ㡣
֮ǰޱŮӣģϵΣ֮ջ󣬼ֱĽڣǿҵӾС
ôǸŮɣ̧̧°ͣǺЦ٬ش˸ڡ
ϫӣ֪νӻ
ûб£Ҿ뿪ˡޱŮӿڣƵģˣǸɴ䡣
ԵȡЦõܣϫ
ޱŮӵͷʾ֪
ϫԭһλˣȣܽߣҪʲô͸ʲô
Ц˵һ㶼ûΣһ˶
ϫһ֪ڽܱ˴ݣ֪ģΪýء
ΪֵǣֱʱݣƺԼΪõܡǡСʦܡˣǴʲôԭ
ãޱŮҲɫ̽֡
ҪԼ֣
ϫһЩ㲻һּǡ


814 
ϫԥƬ̣֣ס֣㡭ãϫ
޳Өף޹ǣסһĻ壬кܲϫȴһĨ죬ܸоļ֮ףƺ̫ˣ
Һãֻֽһ㣬һ롣
һ԰һпУϫźۼգգ۾Ŀ⾡Ϸʣų˵ˣҰõܾͽˣϴʱ뿪

ϫһʲôط
ﷺһĨȻƳһ룬ջû˵ʲô
޶䣬λˣ˫ֱ۶һѲԼصŮ㣬ǿʮ㡣
뿪ʱ򣬳ϫûסʵʦ㣬ʲôˣ
һԭĹ֮Ů㻹֪ʲôԭ磬ô˵أֱʼ磬ǿĵ漶ߡ
ɿ촫ʱȥʼһǧΪĴڣͳԴУţеĿƼҲܲŶ
˵⣬һЦ峺зһĨĹһ˿֮ɫСʦܣ㿴⸱˰ɣƭؼңŻ·㿴ֿʽУһ۽硣
ϫ
ϫһӣЦ򣬡ˣϽȥɣС̫ˡ
С
ԭ۶Ůһ򣬺¶һĨ֮ɫһۡ
һЦںϫ˻֣һ˲˾ͻһĨǻԣʧ١

һߣ»ָһģ̽һУһɫηϼ˸֡
¡һηһͷѵȴ͵ް㣬𣬻ǿգǼԶķɳ۶ȥ
⼶ⱦܹƿʱձϣһ˲ɳһ꣬һ֮Ǳִ硣
ڶһˮϪ㣬ɴ䡣
ϫ̧ۿ˿ò޶Ůˣ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
ܹԴԼ̸̬ϺãҲ̸ϻڲ䲻ȣ¹һ֣ɣΪʦ룬ŮŮˣƳԼһۡ
뵽⣬в棬Ů˾жͣȻܹʦΪѣĪҲһλߵ״ӣĳͨļӵܣ
ԭ磬һĵط
һУδ֪óϫʶȷ̫ˣ۽Уֱ͸ܹҲûʲô
ʵҲǣ֮䣬ֲǧ磬С磬壬Ĺأ˭˵ܽһжģ
ԭ򣬰벢δңҲ֪ҵֻ·һЩĻʶ
ϫһֱĬԣ벻⣬Թ˵ֻ農ţҪ˵꣬㷢ʵʱ䡣
䣬һǿרϣɵζ
ϫЦЦԷ̬ȡ
磬߾ǰսϣͨ޾ҲΣյĵطʱض֮Σ
еΣմ·֣һǱɱввڷߣʮ֮˾Ŷ޵ĿС
ڶΣǱɱͬҲһвΪڷ磬ûκεĹغԼԣһжʵΪڷ磬ֻҪʵΪͣΪūΪû˻㡣
ϫĬĬţЩԾɫȴƽʡ
Ƴһۣ򣬺طͬλֵ죬ԣһЩ־ѣٵȵȽᷢԭӦףֳͬҲͬ
磬һе򣬽Զλߵ־֣УĴߣǱɱεˣݵıĨɱˡ
˵⣬Ǳº棬һһٵסڷ֮£ΨһҪĵģȥ

ϫɫָٶӵĴΪǿ۳ˡĵԲᱻӰ˵ġ
ǲΣ֪ˡ
̬޳˫ֱۣǰһԱ˫強ѹһĶǵߣϫЩֱˡ
ȴδԼģǺεȵ˰㣬ᣬһȥƷạ̃Ҳ￪ʼ
ৣ
˵ţ޳˫һչһĵͼɽӺǳӦоͷ
ĽͼǴλӷ룬Ļʵ۳ڡָǵͼ˵
ϫ̧ȥ֣ĹܶأһԲͼڷֲһĴ䡢ǳءݿֱĻʵ۳ǡ
ΪĿǣڴͳǳ֮䣬ǳغݿ֮䣬ݿĻʵ۳֮䣬Զֲһصɽڵͼϳֳڵɫ
䡢ǳءݿĻʵ۳ǣ򶼳ֳѩ֮ɫԶԶȥŽͼһڰԲȦɰ㡣
ԲԲһޡ޼
磬˷ʽ֣ԵüΪȻ򣬵ȴַƴ󣬰һԲ֮
Ƕ̫桢Ԩ䱡衢λߣڵ֮ҲǴпġ
еİһŽͼȴǸʲôֻ磬Ǳĸ򣬷ᡣ
λ룬ʦȥĪǣбܹ˳֮ķţ
ϫǽͼλãһӲӵĹ㣬šĹ׭֡
ৣ
ͼŤͷһֱӳϫ˵ڣ㻹ʲôҪʵģ
ϫ˼֪ɡ
ܼ򵥣ɵԭסȫһǧеĸ򡣡ԻΪӪһǷߺԭסһޡ
֮Կ߾ǰսΨһĿľǾǵ޵Ϯ߾طӦȫġ
ȻҲ԰ﵱһп֮أΪﲢǼӪ޹ԣڧڶͬҪ
ϫȻ̲סﲻǷʥô
ͷΪԽߣԽ״ҲԽ׵õԼҪһУھԭ򣬵ȵִƷʱȻר˸㡣
Ʒһϫʵ
ƷǱ鲼һȻĴѿأרְɷͶһ֮֮УǵģǾƷ֮ˡ
˵գͻȻ̧ͷӷһĨ֮ɫ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲһͷǧɳȻһƯɽ㣬ߺ
˫ͫ죬ƤˮɣŽ󣬻µѩ׳̣һꪰ㣬Ĺ
Хһ޴ʯ飬ݿ࣬ײб嵽˼¡
һ˲䣬ϫоͲһͷ϶һͷޱȵޣ


815 
˵⼶ܹﵽһ˲һĿֲٶȣ
ٶ֮£ͷޣȻܹض֪ʵָĿֲˡ
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ȳϫüп𾪣޳У֪ʱһϸڳޣһɫ㣬Ҷռ䶼򱬣һ̶ޱȵļХ֮
䣡
һ̣ǧһľɽһޣֱӱһ޳ɣѪⱬѳƬûüһҽУͱĨɱ
һֲ֮˹
ϫɰһȻλŮǿʵŮˣܹġ
ΪһĻ̫𺳣ƣͷ޵ʵҲҵʵǰȴֽͬһ㣬һʵָжֲ
ϫôעţɫɣӨ޳ָϸϸĵϸڳޣƸղһɲһ
ϫҲע⵽еĳ޺ܲѰĴָİܲһƵͼɢһļµϢ
һֻĶ߶סҪ˶ɣ
Ǿ޵һ֣ޣʵɱһɣȻֻѲڷܣ޷С˵
ޣɱɣ
һ̣ϫױסչֳĿֲʵҲٲʮޱŮˡ

Ĳ񷣬һƬɫɾ͸
һΪĳǳأΪԾʿԦŷݹ⣬˷ҪС
̫࣬òڳŶӡ
ʽʼһЩǷıϣһι״Ļ£ȨƺͺƸ
ԭסֻɣȫǧеߣִܹؽģĿѰ֮
ϾҪִ磬ǿ֮䴩󣬶ҪѲ֪ʱ䣬һ·ҪĿռϺʱܹȫִģĿͨˣ
˵һصǧеĶԶԼҵӵͶŹĥºͲ
ԾֻΧеһеȳǳأԶԶ޷ʹ͵ݿȣڻԾзֲžƷõһֶ棬ԵüΪֺͷ
ÿʱ򣬻ԾǶǧ˴˷ӿԭҲߡ
ǰԾǵԵö࣬вȨӵܣԭкܶ࣬ͼ綯ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
糿ԾѾ˸ɫ󲿷ֶˣһӢ
ಣ
һĨֱ˳ǰŵĳ飬Хų˻ԾС
ҲݣʲôˣȻôŵشˣǾƷõĻܲˣ
ӹأԴǣֱȱүţҵҪһôġ
طнǵĹأеĹƲ񣬻ᱻֱӵ£طҴߣ
⣬˾Ȼֱͣӳ뻢ԾУЩŶӵ˽ԶȻѣ¶Цߣֻ
ȻǣЩפڳܵľƷû˿ȴϹһһδȡκεж
磬ղſ˴ǰ˲զզе
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룬ɷڵĻиֱޣĿһɨˣȵԵúǲͷ
ֻУȴǰԾѣλô뿪˵۳ǣǧҪ﷢ˡ

һЩϢͨȨӵԼ³һЩʲô¶һĨɫ벻ǵȴССĻԾˡ
ϫһֱĿϾһ·ĵطڽ֮˳Ĭ첻ԣԦɫηһͷߵް㣬ֱײ
ǽĳǳУҲ٣һ·ϲ֪˶پĿ
ȻȴǾηƺϳηˣһܿΨֵ˶Է·ˡ
ֱ߳ϫһˣ˵ǿƺͰԵ
գһɰɣֺޱȵ¥ǰͣ¡
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ӵȺУɫʣɫηϫԸһ䣬Ŀбӣ߰ͷ­ŷѥӣ¥ȥ
ડ
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󡭡С㣡
һ漴¥ܳһͷӣһ𾪵ֱۣǣϽӭӴС㣡
𺧣š
ĦǻԾǾƷǵĹ³֮һλߣЩŶӵУӵŽȨ
ڣŮʱȻһϻ̳ϿֵģֱǫūƵģĻһ˿ȿԣ
ӭС㣡
һ£¥ڣһȺŮŮ˳ųж飬빪񣬾ӭһλŮʼٰ㣬ϹϾ
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Ҫܵ¡ص
һţϫһಽ߽¥ڡ
гϫĦ㸺һöƣȻʱڣΪ񣬼סҪһͬʣһ߽¥ڣһָԵĳϫ˵
Ħɫһ࣬ɴ
ʲô⣬Ħ
Ťͷųϫ˵ҪǴҪȻִĻʵ۳ǣһ㣬;⣬һ顣
˵ţ̽һףһֻĴָСͨںڵӶ˹ȥ
ϫָĦһ£бỬɢһɾ˵ķϢ֣ʵ޼ɷ࣬һõ
Ȼ飬Ҳζʧȥ˽ʸϣ㲻ҪðʧҲҪҰ㵱￴
˵ֱֱǿƶƥŮʣԺֱӵѹȸС
ϫȻҲܸܵһѹȺǿƣʼ磬Цȡԭ
ϣһĻʵ۳е㣬ټ
˵գŷѥӣת뿪Уòˮ
ʹС㣡
৵һ£¥ڵŮٴι񣬿óϫֱҡͷƷõĹؿ湻ġ
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Ƭ̺ĦЦ˹һĺƣЦһƶͬջƵŭ


816 鿪ʼ
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ϫƻһİɫƣҲɰ档
ǹƣֻӤƴСܲŷµİɫһּ¼֮챦
ڷ磬ޣÿնɱһͷʵǿͻõӦĹ֮ͻ⹦֮С
Ȼкܶ׬ȡ֮;ɷ̶ӡȡɾƷɷȵȡ
֮ȫ֮ͬǾܷڴΨһ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊڷ֮Уûκε
жôҪȻӹɣϵߵΪͬʱҲսʵΨһԴȪ
û棿ȥ绽꣬նħˡ
һҲóϫףΪ֮ǰ˵ڷ֮£ΨһҪĵģȥˡ
ȷûɵն̣ͳ֮ء
ͬ߶ԣͬƻѪһĿʯʿҲûʲô
֮֮עһƬǰսϵĶغͲͬѰ
ûȴй֮
磬ҲǷһĲ磬Ҫ۹֮նɱߣǰ׺쳾еķֱܻ;һ˵ֻмٵʿܹ
Ͼ߿ɲ˭ɱɱģ˱֣ͬҲʲôʱȥеġ
ڷ磬һжü
ΪڷУŽɱޣŽ޸ķŽȡľƷ񡭡ÿһ;ܻһĹ֮
Ƿǧ磬С磬ֻҲҲڶĵطˡ
Ϊǣڷ֮У֮ǿһжһģ
Уûʲôһ֣עҪ³
Ϊ֮һУ¸ߣӻ޹ߣµµһߣ֮Ρ
һֹ򣬸һϣԣµĴڣһĴ͸һֲȾָĽɣһ
ڷ磬֮ȴ񱻴˼ĽɣԽжһһȥ֮
ΪҪǣ֮Ķ٣Ѿߵ֮Ĺϵ
ֻ׬ȡ֮ܶһҺʯͬʱҲһʵֻй֮ߣܴӴǳءݿĻʵ۳ǣ
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һʧ͵ڽ׬ȡĹ֮ʧˣǾ͵ʧȥڷĸ

ϫӣҪһˣһ俪ʼĦЦ˵
ϫҲκεһνߣȡ֮󣬶ӷΧĴ俪ʼС
Ҫǳأͱеԭסնɱޣɷȵȣܹ㹻ĿĹܹ֮ǳء
ͬĵӳǳؽݿݿĻʵ۳ǣͬҪҪԹ֮Ϊƾ֤
ĦĴ£ϫִ¥һСԺĵط
ʱ⡰ԺڵĹ㳡ϣվ˲Ůͷܶ޲λʳȻǧеǿߣҿģҲ޲Ժ֮
ܹ֮ԽǿգִģԶǴͷ֮ˡ
ϫע⵽ǧУΪвֱͬڲͬ
ʵ͵ģҲн𵤾ΪռһңߣҲңڤߴҲɣԼĪˡ
ٵģǵǿߣֻʮˣȻУƣԵüΪĿ
ЩߣΪĲͬһԾƷõʹߣ˲ͬ򣬽вԡ
ҲклõĴ䣬ڼʱ׬ȡĹ֮֮෴Ĵ䣬ӣҪ׬ȡ㹻Ĺ֮ûʮصʱ䣬Ͱ첻
Ħһߴųϫһߵ͵ĺû֣֮ҲҪԺεȾˡ
һЩ䣬𡢻ӡܳĿӴײƥԽʿԣĴ䣬Ϊп׬֮֮ǡɶڤʿԣⷴһõĴ䣬ĿӴޣܹںܶʱڻôĹ֮
ϫŻȻ漴ʵָѡ䣿
ĦɫһµϫӣǴСԴģ˵ѡκδ䶼ԣǣǾƷоƷõĹأС֮ǰҲѷԸҪһͬʣԣϣҪΪϷ򰡡
ϫȻ֪ĦˣЦһǰţҾû顣
ĦһЦϫӣϷǰ˵أǽһԣɴǰһ䣬һ㣬ϷҲֲõġ
˵漰ѡϣһǳƽٸŷӵչˡ
ҲǷĸڣĻһܵҪǴһԭסȥնɱޣǾһѣɱˣɾʲôݵλ
ܿ죬˵ִһĳأغһɣվмСǳһqqŻԼԼͷųһ׺ݡԵ̡ѪȵϢ
أͺһӡħͷ֮ذ㡣
ִ֮Ħ뿪
ϫһʱϰٵڤʿԶפڴˣڳǰһɫϾľƷʹߡ
һ꣬⾫տɢһɿֲϢճϫƣһ˵ʵӦڵңϵ൱
˶ԺڴУ˭źѵЩ飬ҪԼ
һֳȵ깫ҡӵ
ڿ㻹Ϊִ磿Ҫûź򣬿԰øңһûеõ
һƽۣͷ̽ڵ˵
һô˵ģڿ깫ߣŭѡ
ô붯棿һüëһм
ˣͨˣѡһ˵ɣ˴ν߱˲֪٣ҪȡһĴ䣬ɲô׹صģ
һ񻣬ݣɫĮĺŮü˵
ڿһʱ죬ƺŮӵݺʵΪɵ
ϫһĻҲȻΪ֣ǺŮӵʵͶͷɢһϤϢ
ǴﵽڤΪ֣⻹ǳϫԼ⣬һμһڤǿߣһǸŮӣ
νǲٰϫ˼

ڴʱһڳȻֹѻȸ
ԣڿʼ
ǰһƷõʹ̤ǰĿ磬һɨڳˣڡ


817 ļ
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ʹ̧һУһǺqqŻ򿪣һͷһ˰ߵħӰԾ䵽棬𵴵涼һζ
һͷƱԳޣȫڣƤһɣƬڣ˫צ繳˫ͫɺ죬ɢ׺ݡ塢ѪϢ
ಣ
Ķܿ죬б磬һ֣˻ţҪȺУȴֱӱʹһưסһڵ棬ٲҺҶ
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˵ܵͷ޵Ŀֲǿ
ѪħԳ
˵ѪħԳȺΪӴĴڣ磬Ƴǹ룬ڤֵҪǿ屶սʤ
ԵնɱһͷѪħԳ
ЩԺյӵۣϫн˵ס
ͨԵնɱһͷѪħԳҪǵǣֻ͵ȵѪħԳ
ʹ߳ѡһĴΪʼأһΪ׼ΪǿѪħԳ
˵ѪħԳǿϡС¡Ľס
ǰһͷѪħԳʵΪͨΪ½״ڣ൱һڤʿнסϽ״ڵѪħԳֱӦһͶ⼶ڤʿ
ѪħԳΪҲΪɲѪħԳеߣ൱ڤʿе𼶴ڡ
ѪħԳƳҪڤߵҪֲ񼫽ѪħԳɱһؾĴڣ
סʱΣգû˻ǣԣѡֵʵҪԼСЦ
ʹٴηԸһ䣬㿪ʼ˲ԣһϴĻɺ裡
ৣ
һӦȭѡнѪħԳ
ʹޱ飬һеѪħԳȻ˻֣qqŻУٴαһͷѪħԳ
ֻһͷǿƸΪײУƬһ˿˿Ѫɫһͷûǵɱ˿ܰ㡣

һͷѪħԳһֱ֣ӻһĨӰָŻɺ裬ͷץ¡
꣡
ǻɺû뵽ս˿죬ƺǱ׺ݱ֮壬жһٻ֮䣬һӾͱץ˷磬ѪۣҪǶĿ죬Դץˡ
ͷнħԳȻǿײУڳ˶һ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϫҲһȻѪħԳȷͬѰ˵ʵֻһڤʿսȴɱײк壬һڤʿܿˡ
һ˲䣬ѪħԳ׷Żɺ裬ڳһͨɱк壬ʸģݳԣޱȡ
ⳡܣһսҲѪħԳǲμӲ֮ˣҲͬӲ޷䣬ҪôɱҪôɱ֡
һˡ
ϫһ۾Ϳǻɺ豻ռȻ֪ҧ壬һζܣעɡ
ۣ
ȻڳϫиͷǻɺԴֱӱץѪȴѪħԳֱ̽˶ڣһɺѪҺʳޱȡ
ѪޱȵһĻٴ˶ԽѵһĭŲƺһ¡һЩŮ˸ŵûݲҵɫס
ӣĲУ˶ѡΪͨ½ѪħԳжԾ
ǲδٷʲôѪ˵һĻϫȴЩζˣĶԾԣֱСӹҼƵģ᲻Ȥ
ڵȴԵʱ򣬳ϫߵһһۣȻ٬شڣιСӣôеĶԾˣǲˣôث֣μʲô԰СıѵԺɾû취Ůˡ
һơ
ϫһۣĹ۲ܻǸ漣뱣漣òҪٷҡ
˶ʱŴЦӴ˰֪˭𣬾͸ô˵
˭֮Ҳﲻʲôæ𣿡ϫʡ
˶ʱһŭŰСӣӲŲֲè壬Ȼҿ㲻˳ۣȻҪӮøɾƯ
ӮңĲеġϫЦˣ˵̬ȣֱӻҪˡ
̳ҲҶԶģ
ȳϫڣ̽һɫִϫǰһ߻ζһߵβԵĽģˣģ
ϸŽɫĩ˹һĴָСľģΣŝϼɢһʥࡢƴϢ
ϫһ۾Ϳ˳ıӦһ
Ȼⱦôã֮УٲȻѰѴﵱ֮
˱ˣŭЦӮңٸҲ٣
ӦľŴߴľڵĵӣ˵һ˿ɡ
ϫ˵ĶԻ˸˵ע⣬䵱óʱ򣬸˲ĿƵƵĿ
ϳԼݣ˾һ°ͣ߰Ƴ˳ϫһۣôĻǲģ
ʲôϫɫȻʵ
˺ȻЦܼ򵥣˭ɱѪħԳƷߣ˭ͻʤ
ϫŶһ˼һɱѪħԳƷأ
ϫʵϸģһţǾӮˣ
ãϫͷע̫СҪҲҪĴһ㣬ˣм
һյСӣŹͷ˰ܼļֵҲóļҾȫóˣ

ϫû˵ֱж̽һıɽӶķת࣬ɢ֮
̫ɽʱնɱʮλܵڵĵʱɻսƷܼɽ˷ͼɵİ˻ħԼһ̩תӣԼһЩĿ࣬ϫһԶ˸ڡ
һļɽе㲻ǳϫóġ
ߣҲɴ۾һ̾ģ
ôثˣϫʵ
˲㱻裬һãӽ͸ģ
˵ţҲóֱһľȡһɢɽԼһȭס
ȡ۾ɽħȭסȻľŴľڵĵһ竡Ц
Ǵˣ˵һλɽ׾ͱ簮˰轾ݵ飬竣ȴǸҵΪҲΪֲֶηëϴ裬˵ӵڤ𼶵ս
ϳ˵ݣԶ۷׷ף̾ѣľŴкպһʵǿˣֲһóļ
Щۣ˽һЦٶ໰һ;ȴŲԿʼ
һľŴ磬Ц
Ƭ̺ʹ߳ڡ
ৣ
һ˲䣬Ŀⶼϣѵȵòͣ볡УŵرȻһָͷһͷѪħԳ


818 Ӳ
ѪħԳǿնɱһؾǿߵĴڣ
ͬʱޣҲǴ˴βУʵǿġ
ЦһϳҪսޣ˶𾪲ѣҪ֪ӲҲֻնɱ˸߽ѪħԳѣһȥƼѪħԳ
˱ԼסЦһ⣬ƵƳ˳ϫһۣ˵Сӣƺˣ
ϫɫƵᡣ
ģЦЦš
ʹ߻֣ҪųһͷѪħԳڴʱһö𡪡
һӰ߳Ⱥݣģףһ֣Ⱥһ궯
ȻϳŮӵݡ
ϫҲǿ֮ǰעǸӵڤΪŮӡ
ҦޱЦһõôӵľ𣿡
ҦޱŮҡҡͷȻǶľ֣Ҳһ£ָ֪ҲҴӦ
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ȻЦ͵Ц˵ִҦޱһŮӣüǹȻеɫͱӾ̫ԶȰ㻹ǲҪΪá
ҦޱɫݣɵֻʣҲң
Цɫһ³˿Ҧޱֿ˿ϫЦôҪСӳͷ
˻һҲӦǰҦޱʱ֣òһİɣ
ϫҲȻѣҪ֪֮ǰǶû˵ִ磬ʶǰҦޱŮˡ
ôΪʲôѵǿȥ壬ҪԼͷ
ϫҡҡͷٶ롣
ͬЦʣҦޱҲһЦÿɷ
ˣʹüͷһ壬ٵȥȡ˵Ĳʸ񣡡
ΪƷ֮ˣȻ˵˻ĵҲͲܶԷͷжôˣȻ˷磬һжðĹ
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ЦݺݵҦޱһۣҲΪƣоԴ磬ƺû˰Լˡ
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ʹ߻֣ǺqqŻУ͵شܳһͷӴĺӰ
ɸߴ󣬱һѪħԳҪӴȫƬŴĿĽɫжɰ㡣
һ֣һ˻һɲбޱȵϢȻɢ֮ɲΧնһҲ
ǼѪħԳһ˺һڤʿһؾ涼նɱ
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ЦЩʧûһеУЩ⣬Щ⣬Ͼǲõĳɼ󼰡
˭һ۳ϫҦޱݺ˵

ȳϫӦҦޱŴ˵ʱԾ볡УʹߵͷѪħԳ
˻һ˶𾪲ѣǵںһؾǿͬʱɱǷУܹһģмˣ
ʱҲû˹ǰȥˡ
ЦҲһüôΪӮңҪˣ
Ҧޱƽһ仰ͱ¶ܣԼñô
ߣЦľŮҲ㡣ЦݺݵҦޱһۣŤͷߡ
ȷҪԾͷʹʵ
һսͷ޵ҲҦޱһ¾սͷѪħԳģͷһϣԣҪȷһ¡
ҦޱͷǺһǸһ䵶Ʋ£Ѫɫ󣬸һ֣ͬѪɫɢһɿɲɱ
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찡ڵˣôһʹˣҼ棬ӵһѣƽﻹĲˣͷʹá
˾֮̾ǰϫЦһӸóļݺһѣ񣬼Ҧޱһ֣ҲʹһԴЩˡ
ʹ߿ޱ飬ҲԾѣоǰˣ֮Ҫ࣬ӵеϾܿһ˿ߡ
ԾδԼְһӣٴηųͷѪħԳ
ৣ
ҦޱͻȻˣ˫¹õĵ֯죬ʢƥţѣ¹ӣ̤²ͷɲ޼սһ
һԾ˼£ҲѪȵ˼£Ϣ񣬼εء
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սδĻʤδֳҲҶ϶ҦޱǷɱͷ֣һʧܣһԶģɥ
ЦʱɫҲЩأֱиǺ޲Ҧޱھȥ
ȻʱţҦޱȴԽսԽǿȻѿʼѹƶˣ
һӣЦɫЩףһˣǿɾļǰȫ̡
ΪԼڷкúһãҲύļˡ
ѵ׼ϲ˶ԶĵëôģЦҧ۾ս֣ǰδеϣҦޱϽ
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ȻһĻʱͷѪħԳȻֱӱͷ­
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ڳ֮УΨһɫݵľǳϫˣڿս֮ѿҦޱ֣еһǿԲˡ
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Ҧޱ˳УЦ˵ʱ̧һɨϫλӣ㣬ⳡľҲ޷УĶעҾͲȡˡ
ԤıģֿңⲻƽӲˣǲԣЦҧгݣ߲ѡ
ʵ֤ҵȷӮⳡľ֡ҦޱЦɫȻݡ
ȻǶľ֣Ҳ֮Ҳ٣Ա˴ҲƽʱһֱĬĳϫͻȻڡ


819 һٺɱ
ϫ˻һ˶һ
ΪʱǶѿҦޱⳡľ֣ƫϫ˼ȡϫĶעоܿó
ʱ֪мִҪ׷νĶľֹƽе㲻ˡ
ϧ˶һ㣬ϫʼնûҦޱæ
˵Ǳʶ϶ϫʵǿֻҲԳԽҦޱԲŻһ֪
԰
Ц͵ؽеСӻûнвأʱʤ
˵ţһ˷ܵϫЦСӣû㵹Ҳ䣬ƾһ㣬ӾˣҲԸ⽻ѣ
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ЦһˣҲԸ⣡
λӣȻ˵ϳ԰ɡҦޱһЦЦǰ˳ϫ
񾲣κε˶Уȴоƺе㲻óϫ̬ˣʶô
һֱľ񲻿ϰⲻǴȥô
նɱͷϵļѪħԳҲ޲𣿡
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˽඼óϫҲһ˸оϫܴһϵĽóļУƷζһ˿ߡ
һУϫŲʣֱ볡Уʹһ֣ǰʱǶѨ֮УмͷѪħԳ
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˵Ҳ֪˵ʵ飬κζǷҩ޵ƷףֻҪһ֣Ҳζϡѵá
ͬ⼫ѪħԳͷѪħԳУҲܳһͷץȻΪѡ
˶Դ˲ȤǸȤǣһôʻĪҪսļѪħԳ
ЦҦޱҲû뵽˿ƴݵ͵ԭȻԼҪţ
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һɲǼ䣬˻㱸оƺһճ㣬ɽӣԿ˼䣡
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ΪȻǣֻǳֿȭһն֮ȻͽһͷѪħԳ룡
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ѪħԳֽһ㣬Ȼ飬ɺѪˮ£ض졣
һȣٴκɱһͷѪħԳ
˶ʱʯһı飬̫ˣ
֮ǰ˭ţһȻնɱͷѪħԳ
˭뵽ֻǵʯͳ׽ɱˣ
Ҫ֪ǿ൱һؾޣײб壬ƳǵһǷڤϣԵ̫ˣ
ЦŴͣҦޱҡҷþ޷ƽʹ߶һʧ⻹ǴӲһȥ
һ̣ѻȸ
ǰδеĳκ˰ÿ˵飬оǲͷѪħԳֻСϡ
ϫûעһЩȴЩ⣬ǻ֣ȫһͷѪħԳɱġ
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γѣĿԶˢˢ˳ϫɫӣû֮ǰĺɺЦеֻǾη𾪡
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ҦޱԼˣҲЩųϫܾһ콵ڱˡ
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仰Ϊŵֵ֮һɱȣ
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ϫҦޱЦ˴˴βλǰվƷùأɣ壬ǽʼأ
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ݣ׵ŮӣۼݱͬѷɫЦִ֮Ůͷ
϶ԣ֧˵ĶУϫݷвˡ֮󣬶ʱ˵ľ档
ǿǧоɽһƬ嫴½Ĵߣ˲֪ٵĴ񻰡
粻֪жңԶ˵ɣɸߵĴڣҪǿգִУҲ
ϫȻǴִģβ˾棿
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һǰһһ˲ʧ˻ԾеĴڡ

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УڳɿŽɣһУǾƷõһλʹߣĦǲϫǰɣ塣
мǣ粻ͬɻıɱԭסһ飬ͻᱻṦܴ֮ᱻС
λѵʵ꣬Ȼ׬ȡ㹻Ĺ֮뿪ɣ壬ִĳǳءǣ

һЩɣĻϣֻǰһǳһ䵱С
ȥǽӲӵĹɣ֦Ҷӳ䣬ܹһӣڴλãһΡĸΪĿ
ͨͭɣԡŽĹиͷųһɺ󡢰硢ޱȵĲ䶼С
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ڽܵ⣬ʲô⣬ҲѦ顣
˵գϫ˹˹֣Цףλڴ쿪ʤ

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϶磬ӷǸͷɣЦߵ
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磬󣬵ȴΧֱ룬ֲŴ䡢ǳءݿԼĻʵ۳ǡ
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޸ķҲܼ򵥣ֻҪӵ㹻ķʦȥɾˡ
ԭˣΪ״ҵʿԣһѵ֮أնɱޣ׬ȡ֮ĥΪսֶΣͬ޸Ҳ׬ȡ֮ҶԷΪҲ桭
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ˣѦϲһһθо˴ǰɣλߣƺĶ̫һ


821 
ҹ˻ʣ쳹أɣ𵴲ݡ
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죬ôȥҲԶˣ
ڴ塢ˮ塢¹塭ǰЩӶѻѵǽɣҲҪ˺𣿡
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ˡ
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һͷͷĿӴޱȵޣͬϳǹĻþһζѣһĺ
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822 
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δ˵꣬еźʧȴǱ¶š
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֮ǰһֱ˼ΪʦΪʥأͨʱĹ۲죬Լоһжͷйء
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Ŀ꣬ɶȫ˴ϣ
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ЦҦޱԼͬжһ˿Ȼ


823 ߻
ϫδӴΪǷ޸Ҳκεı֤Դһԡ
ĻȴЦҦޱȻû취ʵ벻ϫǿļһķʱȥоһ
ϾǷǧ֮УҲǹϵһִҪڷȡóɾͣһһϦ֮ˡ
ڸУҩʦʦʦܳΨʦԵüΪϡ٣÷ëݡ
ѦͬһϲһҲУ޸Ǿٺòˣ
ʱҲ˲ȫҽסϫȥһҲãһ޸÷ɣԺ޺֮ǡ

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Ѧפڷǰ
ʮȥˣлһ㶯ҲޣǸгϫߣʲô
ȥ޸ҲӦ÷˰ɣ
ܣһ㶯Ҳޣ
ѦϳɾһӣӴ˲֪ٵߣȻΪһλ׬ȡ㹻Ĺ֮Ȼԥ뿪޷
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ûע⵽ת뿪һ̣䱳ķ棬ͻȻһĨĹһš


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ڣϫɫ޳ʮָһױȵٶȷ裬ڰһϸĲӰ
ϸ˿߰Ԫʮָк׼ıʷ棬ڷǽϣճһһķƹ켣
Σ·һʦͿĨԼĵƷīɣӯһĿɡ
ͬǣϫǷһ֮ͬʱڷͼϽ졢޸Լơ
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ڱɵķŷǺӰͼҪȥһһ޸һ嫼޵Ĺ̡
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ҲˣڷȡõĳɾܴͣﵽȵزԶԶ˵
ճϫݣҪǰ޸Լĳ̶ȣһµʱ㹻ˣ

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˸ΣμԼСʱ򣬵һμʱ˷ܣһμʱƮԣվʮء
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߿ڣû˵֣ͱϵǸӻĲУ͸һŨŨͱġ
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߻һæһҪҪ棬ʱ䣬гϷ֣ɫǱ˷֮Увٶǡ
˵ţ̿ˮΡΡ̽һָָָϷ
˼дһ˿ɱ⣺һЩɽл̻̲Сɫˣ綯ܷ٣ǲ֪
ԣư˿ʵС㣬ǡҪҪȡһЩж
ϰ˫ֱۣ˼ʱϰԶʼʱѾɣͬҲǿƼһǿƵ֫嶯
˼ãջҡͷãˮԽԽãҪеĶߣǵÿòܡ
ߴ뿪СûԸ
ٴδϵһˣгϫʱӦõִˣҪֻ轫йеϢؾ͹ˡ
Ѿ߲ʱ䣬·񣬸ɴ䣬УҲϱ˵Ļ˵ķϻ͵ڶɱ
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룬ݻ磬ΪҲ֪ˣȻϴҰæһЩС鷳Ҳֻһˡ
ǰٴһöѶ򣬿мŽɣϢǸ͵侲忡ˡ


826 ǧ
ХӹĿҰ
һ°߲ۼʯڴݲʯϣϳ¾ɣȴԶ
ͤ޽ڴͳǳ֮䣬߻ָá
ĿҰУպɱ˵һ̣ͻгȺ޴Űء
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ʱϫϥͤУ˫ָһѪץʱָ
ѪԽʮ֮еϣѪ纣ʯļֵˣĵڶܹ֮֮죬ѪĹ͡
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ǧޱ֪ξԭ㡣
ǳԪһæתƻ⣬ţǰ޼ңҪԸ˭
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ǧЦʱǻףֻҪС£磬޼һ죡


827 ٳ
Сˣ
ԪͱԴҲ벻ףһСˣҪӰ쵽ĸ֣
ϫжһݣᵽһ˿ͬѰζ
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ĴڱǶʡۡλ̫Ŵߡ
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òҲĴеĴɣ
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ʱǧͻȻͷȣңңԶջֹķأƫƫҪ׬ȡʲô֮ܽǣɱСˣһҪ޶ӷϵء
ৣ
˵ʱѻһĨ磬ʧߡ
ǳԪͱһҲæȥֻ뿪֮ǰ߶һֱĿɨһ۳ϫеľζ
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ϫ뿪ĵطԳһЦ
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˾Ȼô뿪ˣȫûԼǾֻһԭˣǾǿԼ֪ҲƲκηˡ
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ϫɫ侲һ߳һ߷ɿơ
⣬ɱ𣬾Ⱥϵĺˣ
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ڴʱһͷڼ񵹴̣ƻɳޣϢͻȻһ͵Ϯ˱ݺ˺ץȥ
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ǧһ֮ʣһֻźǹĴ̽һץסͷƻޣһͽ󱬳һѪ


828 
ѪĭǰһѪˮٲк
˵ļȻֹһĻ૵죬Ȼ̡
ԶϫЦЦŤɱԵޣһӣɽУȫѹ̬ɨܡ
ӴСֵܣʵ˻عһϫԲ䵶ͳ˹ͳϫɱС
㷢٣ɣӨףһϸĵģһϮˮȹһһɢһɽġζ
ʵǿȰ㻹ǾɱȥĻΣջ˻سСϫ
˵ʵȷǿһֻ˵֮ǵصȺȴԵùƵˡ
ڣʲôˣСֵʲô֣Цٻ⣬Σһ㶼ûԼˡ
ʱ֮ǰǲǵȽһԼϫ˲Ƥȳ˺ࡣ
ԭס񡣡ЦЦ߿߿
ϫ򡣡ϫȻɨһۣû뵽Ƿԭס
˼ǹһǰģûȤãģòɣֻһ֯ǲҪ˳š
Ц룬ѿǰģ忡ʵ˵ãп϶Ҳ֮ӰĴڣȻɵöԷ˳ɡ
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ϫС磬ҪܾôԺ϶Ȥġ벻⣬Цӯӯ˵ϵıǼϲ
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ŤͷרɱС
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ϫ˿Ϊ۳һšĵȸǿȵսǰ޷
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δ̫ˣȽɣǹ֮˰ٱ
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Ʋ⣬ȫص⣬ΪڽɣУѾ֤Լ޸
Цƿ˳ϫ룬У۽֮Ϊģ޸ɡ
ĪеķʲôͬĵطϫȻһۣû뵽ڽɣ飬ôʹĶС
֮ǰҲˣеķģǽɣеǧֹ˵һʦǧʦҲԳ׽޸ھϮʱܱ޸Ҳֱܿ
ͷҲÿ춼ҪͶķʦȥ޸Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬޸Ҳȫͬ
кβͬϫüͷһ
㲻ۣھͿԴȥһ
˵⣬вӿһĨпǷĵĵطڣԸķʦֻҪִ磬ǰĦһҲֻеִŻףΪλᱻ磡
ߡ
ԣϫһûκγɣ̴


829 ͼ
ǣƷá
ԼʱϫһʦȻķʥأ
ЦЦûнֻͣǴƷãһ־һػܿصĹؿսһޱȵĴ
ڵ龰Գϫǳ͹̵ĵΪҲеһ˿𺳡
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һԣָһĻ͵ǷͼĻһзͼڲ
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ͼĻúܼ򵥣ǽڲͼһһͼĻУʦǰڲڴ˵ͼӶṩ޸İ취
һĽͣͼеķͼĻܼǧٵÿһĻֱ¼ŷڲֵͼܹĽԼ޸ʱ䣬ҷֹϸ˾ְݳһЩҪķ
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򵥵˵ͼͺñǷڲͶµһӰӣһӰӱзֳǧٸ֣ÿһֶϸ¼ŷڲĸͼ
ĸͼڷͼĻУͳǰܹһٲµķƽṹ
ʦֻҪУĦͼĻṩ޸ַͼİ취ֱӣٽڲ
ӵǧٵͼĻҲ˵ܹǧλʦһȥ뵽޸ж˾ְţɼԼ޸ʱ䡣
ʦȫԶֻ֣ṩ޸İ취һһ¼ڹĻ֮УȻͻרˣǰڲ޸ĻʦͲԼʶԪȥ޸
Цƺܸӣʵܼ򵥣͸һͼĻһĿʦҪģǸϸĽⲽ裬飬
ϫȻһ˿⣬Ƿĺģ
ͼƽĶˣǷʵף޸ûκġ
⣬˷ĺģ
ϵϫʣһµܼ򵥣ĸЩ統һŷôЩŷеڣ
統һŷ
һ˲䣬ϫвһĨԵ𺳣һŷһ磬ǷҲǳȽӽǣŵ磿
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˵ߺЦ˿ϡͣǣĪǺ͡
˵꣬ʹϵˣΪܣλǳϫѣոյִǣһλǷķʦ
˿ֿ˿ϫʱףֻǲԸСһǰ̸λС顣
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ҲãҴȥ㡣ԶԶ˵ԷͷҲصػ˻֣ʾףŷ
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һԣһĻ֮в⸡һĨ죬һţſʼеϫ
Ͼ͸˳ƺˣټĺܣҿ飬ƺҲ޷вãɴ˿ɼгϫСһֻͷҲˡ

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ϫһͷһŷһĻǰһŮеķʺݺڹĻϹͿĨҵĶԺŵø߸ߵβһһΡ
ǰŮᣬƯ崿ᣬҧгʵĺݾȴ¶ʱƺͷꡣ
ǲϧϫ޸һͼŮעҪʧܡ
Ȼıʷһͣҷƹ켣ȫԣŷͼṹʱâɢΡ
ϣƥ
Ůѷŭ£һ󲻷Ĵֿڣһžһѷˤڵϣһͷ췢쭵СƵġ
ϫǷҪʱԶԶ뿪λãŮѾתͷһ۾ͶסԥĳϫʵҳǲǺЦ
ϫ֪λش
ɣȻشŮݺһۣѾŤͷ뿪ˡ
ϫҡͷıƢɲʺϰţѾϡ
ϵķʣһߣϸ꣬ͨɫ⻬дһ˿ĥɰʸС
ʲ֧ͬɫʵúܵһרǰķͼĻϹպ޸ͼá
ϫ㳢һɫʵЧʱĿⲻһƳȻ֣ǹĻ·Ȼһ鹦ơ
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830 ʦ
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ϫ룬ǰǹƸŻԭڷ磬ʧ˹ƣʧȥ̣Ҵ粽С
ţǿƯ崿ᣬʵƢ꣬ĵŮ϶ġ
һ̣ϫ㲻ٶ룬ɫʣʷһת׼ʼڷͼĻϹա
ĭƣǳƣոڷͼĻǰ޸һͼ޸˰ʮű飬ȻһҲûɹֱġ
ԼķΪɲĭҧŷĴգһʦУԼѾμĴˣټ׾ͽӴ츳ܵٷʦӵ
ȴͼڣɣԼѵô
ǿɶ񰡣ĭ޵
ĭ׬˶ǵĹ֮߱룬ͻȻߴһ䣬ŤͷһȴԼɽЦԼ
֮УˣһҲû׬ĭƲƲ죬գпһãԼĹƣ
ಣ
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ͼ֯ǧķʦ˽֪˵һ׬ȡĹ֮ҲΪ
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ڹĻǰ޸ͼṹʱҪʦԼĹƣǶһͼĻ֮Уһÿ޸һͼ׬ȡĹ֮ͻ¼С
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ĭݺԼֱۣʹиⲻΣһ㱣˳ǰԼĹơ
һ޸һͼԴж϶Էǲô
ʧǣǼһԼĹƼһ£ɻ૵֮ûӦð
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ʱϫֻһۣͶȥ޸ĭʱ۾ŹĻϣΨ©κϸڡ
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ͻȻЩǰȥԼ˶ٵˣΪƺѴﵽһԼԶԶ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ϣѿƥۺɬûͬ˵ĸӣɫеȻԶԶӦ߱ʡ
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һϲٶȣһʱԼ׬ȡǵĹ֮һĻܵǧҡʮ죬ܴ붫ʿĹ֮
ʲôӦǣĭѩ׵ȭͷеǷʦǻñ˻ˣ
ϫһû뵽ŮӦ˼ңɲ֪ղһĻĭжôǿҡ
ĭҲһЩʦĿԶЩãǷͼСеģɺͳ
һŮƺԱΪʦʱԱ˸¶м֮ɫڵˣǸ䰡
ЩʦЩ಻סҪѵϫĭˡ
ˣϫһͷۡ
ϫһҪҪ֪ͨ㡣ǡôĳ֣ɫȴЩ࣬üͷ
ϫһݣоƺʲô鷢𹦵ƣĴ´Ҵ뿪
ιߣһ֪ʲôءĭں׷Žеڰ;ȴһλ뷢԰׵
ĭʶϫߺȻˡ
үүǿһλز¶ķʦҸѽĭеƯСϾǲЩⱻ
ʦһЦƺоƺһͷϺܿЦ


831 ƻ
˴Цĭգ˵ģ
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ϫüͷһ֪ʮа˾İţĿͬ򵥣ΪԼṩһԽĻŬȥ׬ȡ㹻붫ʿĹ֮
ϾǵĹ֮ɲһСĿ
ȻˣǾ鷳ˡϫ΢Ц
ӿˣΪӷܿҡƯŮһЦ
֮ǰǱܴ˶ҲҪ̷óϫжЩ㷣ΪԷܾܴˣһͷˣҲΪ治һ
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⿴һ֪ĻȷƵס
ϫ̧̤ͿһϤӰһô


835 
ŮһϮ黨ȹСӨ׻ۣƯ崿ᣬӯΪĿ
ǸϫһƢ궪ӡŮĭ
ƺЩ꣬īüƲŷС죬ֹ߱һЩֵĻһͷӴţʲô˼ѽ͸
·ϫʱǻȻûע⵽гϫ˴ڣֱ͵פ㣬һԴϫģʱϲѽ㣡
ϫЦͷּˡ
ʱһҵĴͻȻ򿪣뷢԰׵˳̧ͷĭʱǳĭ˵߾ߣҲ̫ˣ
ĭСһڣͻȻһקסϫӣ˵үүƣ˵λʦôɣ
ʱѾ˹ϫҲ΢΢һһŭֻǳϫ˵ͷĿ⿴ĭߣһȥ
ĭͷҡ˹ģȥȥҲȥ
ԼСŮ˾ǿֱͶһ鴤ôүүʹ̷ˣ
һĭܵһַ̧ɿסԼҶ䣬ŤͷӣһֻܾӴܵС¹Ƶġ
磬磬ϽȾңүүϲˣ
Ůһһ۴У쳹ϡ
Ѿͷ̫ˣ˭ҲĲ㣡
ųϫ棬ԼŮȴһӶԼһӺˣֱҧ׷ȥ
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ȻΪŮˣĵطǼΪ˽ģײй¶һҲֻڹϵΪܵĵ֮ʱŻõ
ԣܿҲû̫ף̫¶ˡ
ϫԼЩʲôⱲӽʶŮ࣬ⷽһƬհףȻ㲻ܿΪλЦˡѰζ
ҡҡͷٶ룬ִܿһǰפ㡣
Ϸһͭƣдһ֣ߡ

ңϫŷбж죬װ£ĲãλãͬһͼĻ
ͷͼеĹĻȣһͼĻΪһУһڰһ
ŮܿĽܣһƬֻʮ䣬רŹ֮ͷʦĸʹãԼţҲ˽롣
ϫһͰעƷϡ
һ̫ſɣľ֦Ҷ֯ɵţһͨΣСָʷķʡ
Ʒһ㲻Ƿϫϥ֮ϣʱоһ̨֮궼һ͸
һĦͬΪʡ
ϫ⣬ͼΪ޸ͼЩԼԼʱ䣬صı˴š
ӣͼĻʹеĲܹͬڲͼУѡͼ޸
ܿһ͵Ҳ˵ǧٵͼĻϸֵĸͼѡ޸
ϫȻѡͼʹеķʦͻأ
ܿǳǳЦȻΪ
ϫͷٶ˵עǰķͼĻϡ
ܿˣ˾һ࣬ϥ£ֻҪϫκηԸͻȥ죬ͬҲҹͲܵȨ
Ļ٣ǺӵķƽṹС
ϫֱ̨רעŹĻϸֵһͼܿͳС
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ʷ裬ﾪߣƼ緢Ѹǣ죡
һˮ鶯ѸڹĻ֮ϣοī֭ƮɢɵĹ켣
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һӡڹеĶԷϲ
ĶѸݡ׼ɴ䣬һ˿ɬƮݣԲ覣һɡ
һĻܿһͫһƵ֮ɫӿֶ
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ܿЩһֱҷ񣬼˲֪ٵķʦϫҲ٣㽫õȾ޳̶ȵģȴûһ
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ܿ͵ؾ֮ǰʱĭ˳ϫһʦġ
أѿǲô࣬۾ŷͼĻȫ񶼱һС
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ǡٶδ̫˰ɣ
ܿСŴȫ𺳵Ժհס
ʦ
һһλʦ

ͼ䣬һУһ޴ĹĻУ˸ݡ
ϸȥǹĻϺȻΪ򣬴͹ҡ
·ʮ֣һʮ
ͬǴ·ǧٸ֣һǧȣһĿȻ
ЩִŹҺʹеÿһͼĻ·ͬһϷõ֡
ǴŹ֮һ־ʹһǡ
ʱвٵľƷ߶ڹĻǰеϸ¼ŹĻϱߵֱ仯
ǵķֹͬеĸ¼ңеĸ¼ÿһķͼĻı仯ᱻһһС
ôҲΪ˾׼طһλʦ޸ﵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
Ŵŵ·ʾŶʮǵĹ֮ȴȥʱ䣬ɴ˾жϳķʦˮ׼ֵֻͨùע
ֻһЩʱ̣׬ȡ֮ķʦǹĵĽ㣬ֻҪķʦƷþͻỨѴȥ£
ϾκְҵܹﵽһˣԶֵĴڣ£һλôҲ޷
ԾƷöԣΪĴͷ˲ŵְϸǰǹĻ֮ϵݱ仯ͳЩÿ
ףֱ仯ÿ죡
ͻȻһеļž
ӢϹʲôأ˲ãǳ
ӢȴδͫԼǸ֣ϲƵظһĨɫʧ죡ٶȼֱֱ
˰죬նǺˣҲҲһǡĴʻݡ
Ӣʲô£
ʱҲˣ׷һɻش˹
˳ӢĿһƵƵõ֣ǵɫҲǶʱ̣Բʹţһͬľ㵱顣


836 ˭
ǡ
ʮǡ
ʮǡ

ĻϣߺŹҵ·ֵ֮ϱ任ڽʸߡ
̫ˣ
Ļǰ߶ΪÿһǵĹ֮ʹһķ󣬶Ҫ޸һѰķʦҪһʱҵʱɡǻʦҲҪյ蹦
ǰ㣬ÿʮ޸һ׬ȡһǹֱ֮Ǿ޽Уδţ
ЩھƷְЩ꣬ͷһľȻѡ
һ£ΪӢǸ캧ȻıˣǿһĻҲ
ߺŹ˭

˭Ͻȥܴ˽̫˼飬ѳ˷ʦķ룬һǲǵķͼĻˣ
֮˻Ȼѣ۲ݣ̲סңȥܴˡ
ûãһ£һ̺ĸ̬ⲽ˽һȺ۲ݣüǳʲôأྲ
⸻̬ǾƷиͼܣɡ
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С¶Сֱ֣ˣɴӱǻкһ̧ǰǹĻȥ
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ܴˣ߹ҡӢæָ
ߣһеˣƺҪúտǸСһƺгϫ
̲ס̧˹ȥǲϱ任Ĺ֮ʱɫҲһɵһôһ£
ӢСܴˣҲˣ
ûϻֱ̫ˣ
˵ʱ̲סֳĻ˹ȥã૵ͼĻûгëô˵һжˣ⡭̫ˣ
ҲɫͣĿо֮ɫЩ֮ǰıһޡ
˼ˣЦǿŲЦյʱùֻǹĻϣ߹ҵƵƵ˸
ֻɵִʱ䣬ϱߴֵ֮Ѿʮˣ
ǣҵĴͻȻ򿪣һߴҴܴܽˣˣͼжҳһ࣬Ͻȥɡ
һӳ˼ѹæ˺£ѵ˴ең
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վⲻ˵ġ
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Ͼͼغ޸ҲӹϵǵİΣһκβؾһġ
طĴ˲һɱ֮ɫŵæҡͷУƺǷͼĻһЩ⣬ǵЩ޸ͼķʦˡ
ԣŰ˿һʲôͼĻˣ
û˵꣬Ƿ˶ವһ³ңͼĻ⣬֮ͬĻٵʱ䣿

ͼУһƬӡ
һ뷢԰׵ķʦػֱۣеˣǻˣϷãոҪȥ޸һͼȴȻʧˣô£Ϸں׬ȡǵ㹦ֻ֪֮ǾƷǸʲôԵģᷢ飿
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ԭҶһҸղŻ֣ΪθոѡеһͼһӾͲˣҵ⣬ͼĻⰡ
ʲôͼĻ⣬ҿⶼЩƷõϣ
ԱȺУһʦҲվӣָѣټĴԵޱȡ
һЩԭ޸ͼʦҲüĿͶߡ
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ٲҳɣǰһʵ죬һоʲôԭɵģ
ѱǰһĻóü¼ܴ˳֣ʱϲžͰѸղŷһһ顣
꣬ϵĽ֮ͻȻʧ٣ߣһĨЦ
˻֣ȥеĹĻЩϹµӹźúÿһǲǾƷ˽ף
æȥˡ
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ըף쳹ڴÿ˵ĶϣһӾͰеĿⶼϡ
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ʱһ߽еľ޴Ļִ˷ͼ˵ǰ
λǿɣǵһб֣ϱ֡ɳûйͣûУЩһͲзʦˡ
ৣ
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ܿ죬˷еʧȻ߹ô£
һѣҲעĿ˹ȥ·ϱ任֣һҲɴ۾°Ͷϡ
ôܣ
оǺηʥܹ˶ʱڣ޸˵ͼ
ЩղŹžƷ˽׵ķʦɫҲһӱ粻ΪҲʶԼƺȷִ˶󡭡
֪ǹеķͼĻʹеȫܹͬʾڲÿһͼһڵһʱѡͼȥ޸
֮ڴѡһͼ޸ûеķʦ޸ÿ죬޸һò˹֮
ڹҵȨˣһֹϵ
һ뵽Լ˼ãŸҶ޸ͼȻڶ̶ʱһӽЩʦɫһҰܡ
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ʥķ裬˺ˣΪЦǣԼĿ֮£ѴƵ˾Ʒͷϡ
ôһ룬ֱ޲һطȥ
ֻռһС֣󲿷˶Դ˻ȻҲû˼Щ
˵˼ѱǹĻƵƵ˸ԣжڲ²⣬߹޸ͼģһλʦ
Ƿʦ
ңֻǵıعƣԷķҪߡ
һĻɲ˿ϸһĨƵЦݣĿƵƵ˸ĹĻʱɲɱشһĨ̾λʦȻǷ˿ɱȰ
˭


837 ̫
߹С
ϫһܵĵΨһޱȵٶȷճһķƹ켣
һУεأʱš
״̬У޸ͼٶȲδ죬ʤڳúͺ㶨޸һͼ֮󣬷һֿʼ޸һͼ𣬼ûеκεʱ䡣
˺ԼʲôһƬƵУƬϾɡꡣ
ģǰĵط޸ˣϾɵĵطˣһƬƬĴƽˡ
ÿһһ޷ĳɾ͸УҲ֪̣֪Խ࣬Ҳжø죬ַ죬Ҷţ

ƯŮܿ۾ƽκ˰𾪡
ȫϫչֳ¯ķ賹ȫԼⱲӾһλʦ
ۣٱǲ˼ķС
ܿϡǵһţ̫ʱڣʥ˿̳ڵ£һڵһͷˮΨڵ̳һһֻ֦ͨͷϲȸԾ衣
ʥ˲пڵӵĳפȴ֮ݣιҲΨ֮״Ҳ
ʥ˻ϣֻȴȥΪ̫ͨûΪûеģȴֱϵУ޷̣ձж
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ܿоղŵԼһֻڳϫʷʶУ԰Ρ
̶ԾԵֲ̫Զľܹ⣬ãҧ⣬žʹָһ˿ǣȻæ۾ٲҿһۡ
δܿȴãһԼ֮ǰ򵽵ĶԼԺڷ֮һߵĸԶݣ
ʱ䣬Ȼš
ʱԳϫԣȫǵָţԷͼڵ˶ԣȴһϷ͵ķ籩ݺݳǵ顣
ǴǷʦʦĴڣЩ췢һʱɸоƵģ˵Ĳʵ
һǧǹ֮
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֤ͬû˻Ͼײеˣ˵׬ȡ֮ˣǼֱɨ֮
Щͼһˣ޸ٶȾǴݿࡢâ
ʱУͼҲһֱغڴˣĿڳÿ˵ɫ仯ĿǴ𾪣𺳣Եľ
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ǹĻϴŹ֮ϱ任ͻȻȻֹǣҲ
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δЩźһ˴Լ޸ͼʱϰõĸִδͼҲΪˡ
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ʱ˵ЩѣһȺĭбͷӵķʦҲ˹ĿⲻƵɨųϫݣֱ޲ָƿڴˡ
ȻҲһ˼оϫðԼΪƳλˡ
ϫˣεʼ磬ת뿪
ι߰ȵһλʦүүܸʶĭںе
ˣǶлϫͷҲشŮ̬ȻǺܲġ
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һǰסŮʵߣ˭߹ҵģ
Ůڴū澣ǰʲôԸ𣿡
ȻܿˣղѵõϢ̳ϫйܴѾӦҪְȫȨҵˣ
һķʲȻô׵Լͷϣ˾״̬ͬˣüҼ価ϲ˷֮ɫ

ԣһȺϷʦǾһȺƵģӿ˹ѽ˵ܿΧ룬һϾ˷ܼ֮ɫ
ŻܿоЩͷӵĿ̫ȣһڡ
Ϸ㣬֮ǰ޸ͼĹ˭
˼˵ʱҲˣ𼱻ǣֻץˣＱҪСƵġ


838 
˻һڣϷʦҲ۾Ƶȴ
һ뵽һ֪̾ܵλ˵ݣǵĶĲɤ
ϵģܿɫһᶨҡͷǸλǰܴй¶λʦһϢ
˵գȺҴ뿪
û취ʵڵٲߣᱻЩʦסһˡ
˵һʧɫѿ֡
Ҽǵ
ͻȻĭʲôеүү㻹ǵʮǰڹϫʱô
ûҵȻǵá
ĭҲ֪ʲôһԹԣȻǿЦԭ߹ҵķʦԼ
һ£˺ЩʦǶһȻضĭ˵ġ˭
ѾͷϽ˵˭Ǽүүɣ˰಻סʵ
ǳϫĭ۾ɿѵˣǴμϫʱԱ̷Ůߣ
ϫʱ˵üͷʶ壬ĭķʱһĴȣеˣȻ
֮оһɬԼ֮ǰԴϫ̬ƺЩˣ˼汾µ˰
һԼʲôȥʶԷ
һ뵽⣬˾̲ס̾˿۲ʶû뵽һԼҲòȡ˵ˡ
ʦɲеʵ֣λϫǺ˰
죬ȴ֪λش
ĭүүΪѣһЦǸղǸΧһߵˡ
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һ͵ؾղǸð䶥λ˵ˣһ˲䣬ǵɫҲǱþ֮
κ̲סҴҵĭ㲻ʶλϫ𣿲硭岮ȥǸ
һѣҲӦ࿪ڣ޷ҪϫǸơ
ĭʼ磬һεղšҲΪڿЦġ
˳һλͨķʦʧۣ֮ǳӶˣֵֹ˭

ϫһ뿪ͼͱסˣһС
Ҵ輫Ϊ࣬ͬ˸˵ĸоɸɾͨͨûʲôߣȴ˰ġ
֮˳Ĭ۾ųϫϳһ仨Ƶġ
ڷʷϣܹ޸ͼģֻȼλһصŮ
֮ڣĿдһ˿׷֮ɫǸŮҲһ㣬һ·ն׬ȡ֮ԣټ򵥲顣
ϫһͷˮ֪ΪҪԼ˵Щ
ΨһĲͬڣʵ㹻ǿ󣬵һǰ֪ιŭĴ壬⵽ȫ׷ɱ˭룬ǵ𣬷նɱ˲ĴеĴһ硣
Թ˵˴ѹ£ɹһˣλĻʵ۳еĴҲΪ˵ʱΨһһٴĴڣҪ֪ʱĴ嶼˵߲ġ
˵⣬Ȼ̧ͷһĨ绡ųϫŮа룬Ӧʶɣ
ϫһ룬ǵͷý㡣
Щ֣ȻߵˣȻӦʦ֮ĹϵɣΪֲ֪ԼĹϵ
ûʣǹһҲ˵
ϫ׿ڳϣ׼ɲеһ̾ЦģýȻɱ˲Ĵˣȴްϵ
ϫȻܷģȷ֮ʹûɹԼԴڶʦһΡ
ȻҰԼ˵벻мӺԼ˼㹻ˡ
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ЦأϫȻʮУ׬ǹ֮Ѿ߱ǰʿʸ񣬲Цɾ˵ˡ
ǿ뿪ڶʿȻƳ˳ϫһۣû뵽ʱ򾹻Ц
ΪҪżϫü
СԸģ˳ٴͱץʱˡ
Ҳ˵缴ʱҲûɽԼһЩϹŶҲʱΨмʱ֣мʤ㡣
˵⣬ЦЦȻҲû뵽Ȼʮ֮о׬ǹ֮Ҳòˡ
ɽԼһЩϹŶ
ϫһݣΪЩҲΪʱֵȷѽȵ˼¡
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ϫԥһ£ǸԼѾ׬˹֮վҪ뿪
Цãе֪ˣǸߺҵķʦ
ϫͷ
ϫϣЦãҲ˵˷ڷͼе飬û취̫䶯ˣ벻Ŷѣȴû뵽¼ĵ˾Լѡ
գЦʱӦȾһµġ
ƺȲɣȴԲսһΡϫЦ
Цϲ͵仰ˣ
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⣬һƵ˻ѹѹٴδǵصĺɫ˷Զ
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ǽܣϣ͸ĻΣÿжһɱ⣬˷͡
ಡ
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ϫЦҲУ߲磬ɱ⣬ɱǺƺƵȺУݺأһƬѪȷ硣
֮䣬ɱкͳԾƣ˾ռߵֽʽ
ǳˡ
ΡĳǽϣһµĿɺͷһ´ǣԸȥԸǸϫȥɱЦҵ޼ңͱ븶ѪĴۣ
ǧš
࣬ŵǳԪͱԣԵ˵ͷȻ
ǧͻȻŤͷһУˣŮޣڻʦ壬СʱӦףѾǵˡڻﱻѵԹۣ
УϡԿһԼӰĬãŵ׸ôδ£ƮȻʧڳ⡣
ǧżˣһЦƤƵϷһĨѪ֮ɫһͷȣºڷɱҹҲɣ


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⡣
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Ӱһݣܿһͷ޵͵ϮӽնɱʱüͷͻȻһ壬ԥӰһĨ磬˳ǧɡ
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ϫһУһĨĹĿһɨһֻƴСһɫ˫Ѫϡ
Ѫ
һ鼫ΪޣѪ̫ʱڣѪһҲǺպĴڣѪ
ҵսϣֻƴСѪΪֶۣڰǳϫͱ͵Ϯ֡
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һһ׷ܿ뿪սΧִһƬ˵ĿҰϡ
еϧȴıһ𵴣ֻѪֶһӰݣµ
ֳͷȣ壬ɢһɹܲݵĺɫħǧš
ĵҲСϫüĵĿһɨܣֲԤıõ׷
СޣôӲŲϲǧ˵ϧͬ飬ɣ
ԣϫһ˵Ц
ǧſƤƵϸһĨ֮ɫѪծѪòǶĺڻ˰ɣ
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ֵǣϴμϫʱԷһߣѪУ˿˿ƵĵϣʩչȴʿֶΣѪҲƺûһԼ֮ζ
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Ȼԭһɿֲ𵴶һ˶ܿƵص˳ʮɣѪһ󷭹ݡ
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ǧȻһһЩţһڤСӦӵе
ৣ
һĨƴ֮ն
컯⣬ϳϫһ򷨡ĽΪƼ򵥵һûκα仯ȴѴﵽΪĵز
ǧźȻ֣һǰԼΪֶȫʧȥЧãӲ֮⣬ûκΰ취ԱܿһĹơ
ȻܺͳϫӲƴղһĿֲӡ䣬һСӵĵ˵
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ϫǷ𵭵Цʽϣһ棬׷ϣһն
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ǧɫѿеһڿһĻȣܣȻӲƴ
ѿСӵΪŹֻ֣ڤΪսȴ򵥡
ϫȻһХһ֣һ𽣵ߣϼӿŭƥ;ףɱ糱ӿǧš
һ˲䣬ѼսһţǣʼȴδӲǧžͬݾκеһҶСۣǵܳ˶𣬷沨УܵԽԽǿ
ڳϫĹ£ȻҲĿ϶
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ڴ淴ˡ
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ѪһѧѪ֮ŭ̫䣬ѪھƾˣһѪҺһ˲ɣһʬ
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һӣǧѪ֮ŭûʩչͬһһҵѪѣĿȫǣи۵һһѪ
û뵽սΪҪĹͷԼȻᱻ˸ӱ͵Ϯˣһ˿ûУ
еȻǿŻľʹŤͷһƳʱͿŵһĻоȻֳһϫ
һ䣬ƮȻ
һӻƵۣѪС
֮⣬˵òһģ̳һûκһ˿Ĳͬ
⡭
ǧһԺһֵ뷨һѵֵܣ
ͷҲǰһͷһ̣ѱһĨɱһɱĲҽУȥ
ñ߱񹦣ֻҪͷϵõɱؾˡ
ϫڶûɣ˻һĨ磬սϷɳ۶ȥ
֮ǰǧŵĶԻһֹ֪Լ͵ϮЦֻҲΣ֮С
ҲˣһʼսƴȫսپԲŲϧֱʩչڶûǧſȥ
쵰ǧˣǷҵծ˭
ϫһŬвõԤУӰڵҶĺһš


840 ЫŮ
ɫȺǵӵǰ飬ȥɱ֮
ϫִڴˣӴʶɢϸѰƬ̺һսϾûЦټ
һӰһǱ˼ɱսУ˸ѵִһǰһȭ
飡
껹δüӦֻϾ񱻾޴У۵ùϺףʵٶŤһƬ
ϫһѾסͷȻϥǺݺײ߲£һ֡
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ңЦشҾͰԪ룬áϫ˵
꣬ǸǧߵĳԪȻսϣϫò¾֪϶Ҳ֪һС
ԪǳϫȻһ˻ľʹû뵽ǧų֣һȻܻ
ζšǧˣ
һ뵽⣬Ԫסδֲ̫һڤļһɱ˵ؾǧţȥ˭ˣ
һϫʼ
ԣԪ͵ؾ;ѹæһڣ֪ף֪˵ȥˡ
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˵գһȻΪ֪һк󣬳ϫԲŹġ
ϫһĬΣŵ˭ģƽȴǲ˿飬ԽˣԽľ
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ЦҲǳϫ½һѣȴһַʽ뿪óϫһʱ֮侹Щ޷ܡ
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ԣҦޱָ侲һǵ͹㡣
ΪʲôҪôϫ
ڻİʦ壬ȴΪǶҲñôҦޱҧһĨ֮ɫ
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ʱϫסѣֱһƴͷɢѪΪҡ
һŭӣҪУһϫǲһ˿̺ɱʱȴʱ͡
һ飬ΪʲôҪô˵ѣһЩֶα˵ϫĮȻ
Ҧޱסˣһź׵ϾǾð֮ҧΪߵˣ֪ôЦҲΪ
ϫһɫȴûκα顣
Ҳû뵽һ޼Ҷߵһöڣ뻢ԾʱҾѽӵҪ㡭
ڽɣʱ޷£Աǰִǣڻ֮£޼ңԴв
ȴû뵽̬ķչȴԶԶҵĹƣǼ˾߰һ֣ҵıȫƻҲֻܱУʱ㶯֡
˵⣬ҦޱͻȻһЦϸһĨ˰ɣЦֻһ󴳾еСɫѣȴΪԵʣԼ
ϫһ˿˿âȻӿѿҪƲסԼɱ


841 ޼ү
ϫûԼյִʱ򣬾ȻѾ뵽һ֮УֱƵĸоеһǰδеķŭ
ǲǺܷŭǸ³
ҦޱͻȻڣԸ⣬ҿ԰ܸ޹ʶʵΪ˵ãǸ˲ţֻҪ޹ӶԸ³֮󣬺ô֮Գ󡣡
ϫ̧ۣĳЫŮˣһϡ
˵ţƼ䷢һѻǯ߬Ҧޱžһ죬նÿѪ
ѵͲõϵıҦޱŵüе
ŶϫƼһɣ˵
ҦޱһֻҪ㲻ɱңһж̸
˵ʱкȻһ˿թ֮ɫһ̣ٿȻһ䣬һĴָϸСߣವһ¾ѿ˳ϫգŶȥ
飡
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Ҧޱסˣ㣬Ҫɱ޹ӣˣǷˣ֪˭Ϊ޼ҵֻڡ
ৣ
쳹Ҧޱ両һѪۣеĻ˵̣ʬ׷롣

ǸҿǲܡƷһУüͷĬã̧ųϫ˵û뵽޼Ȼ޿ײ룬һһġ
ƽȴ¶һŨҵɱȻΪЦм
ϫĬã˵԰һæ𣿡
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СĽУͷģһ׵ġ
лˡϫ뿪
շһУΪܣһֱ˼Цù˭
޼ң

ͬҦޱ˵ΪԼ
ϥԼķУϫ˼ãһĨᶨ֮ɫ¼Ȼ޼Ҷͱ޼е

ǣ޼ҡ
һµһͷŭʨ̾λУ䶢Զڵϵˣ־ܾˣ
ӢݰףüȴһɷԵԵִ³Ƶģֱð
˻һڵϰͷøˣӣǡ
飡
һڰϣһľİ빺Ȼѣľм׷ɡ
ѵû𣿡ҧ˫Ŀеŭܰȼա
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ûõķȣзһĨŨŨ
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ӣαغһ˼ƽϣ֮˼֣ҲпܡԱߣһٻӰҡҷ߳
֫ϸұһһĶˮ飬һ߳һƨĴϣһѩź§ס߲ÿо˵ġ
ɫһָ̧Ů˳ٵڷ̾Ϣ磬Ҫˣ˵ܲǴĺԣ
˵⣬еŭвҧҿŮ˾ǸˣҪǺƾ衮ߡ͡նȫԽ߲㣬ƫƫ˾ǲӦʵ
ŮһЦӣȻڤ粻飬ʲôżҡҲѰк͹վһ𣿲һ֣׽Сˣͷˣ
ң߷һ˿Цżҵ뿪˷磬ֻ¹ˮǸҷϣáңЩڤظеᣬ͵ʴףеĻƭߣҲѳʲô򡣡
Цӣɲô˵żҺû䣬ҲվǷĴ֮ϣҲһСѹȻ棬Щɽġ
죡һ䣬͵شϵٸἰ£ҵһ㣡
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ȥɡ˻֣˴
ҲԣóԺعţҲʱݻһЩɽүСˡԴڴг˼ãͻȻһĨЦݣվӣһΣ˳ȥ
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ǾܵĽߣֱأڿѪֹһ졣
Ƭ̺ٴϢ˼ڣƽ飬ÿһһ̧ۣ뿪
԰
޼ҸۡΪݻһׯ԰˿̣ʦû֣һƯŮŤϸ֫УƮ죬ʴƮ裬Ŀ
ϯУŮУ֣գԱ߸һȺŮС̷
Щ쵰ǻ帣̤԰Ϳ龰Ƕ΢ɲس鴤¡
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ӹЦҵǰʦʢȻ£ҵӲ
˼ˣҲ׷׺Цͷ
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֪һ˵ĵɣ϶ҲǶǴر̰ģһ뵽⣬оһơ
һЦԾƣԾƣϯǾͳǰʳǣ
ҲЦоһȴҧôöԸӻ𣿡


842 
һ磬ϫӴ̧ۿŴӴڴ͸ĳ΢⣬Ĭã㼴Ӿϴ뿪˷䡣
µһ죬µĿʼЦѾ뿪Щ·оǣӦóΪԼǰеϰ
Ѿ⣬ϫ˵ͷû£СѾڶʿźһС
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ڲĿռĴ󣬰ʣа빡ԼľңһСƶݰ㡣
ϫпϣ۾е
ģϱϸһЩйĴԼˡ
ӵ֮ȷǾšĴȫһ־Եͳελ
ͬҲĴһֱں硣
Ĵ壬ֱλڶʿۿԼ濤ĴݿλĻʵ۳ǵܡ
ÿĴʷƾޱȣӴ֮ҪԶԶѰϵĳ
˵һ޼ңӵϰ棬ʮλǿߣһЩϹУޱȡ
ΪҪǣĴУԶһǲ֮Ҳܹ޾¶Ȼ̡
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ߣ˹֮ȷ˷Ĺƶȡ
ӡ˷ɽԼǳء
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ͻȻʶһ⣬ʵɣҪɽ磬ΪĴ֮Уɼǿ򣿡
ԣƺϫ⣬ڷ磬ܸܵٽ٣
ϫʱ׹ǷĲͬˣԼˡĶܰȻڷãصþףָοЩǿߣ
磬һΪصĴڣ硢˼硢ڤظͬԳϵ϶ԣǸһ棬֮񣬶еûԴǴ
쿪ڣǹ߳дʱҲһĨĹ󣬡ֻҪдڣϵܺĴڣԭ˭ҲѾǷ˵Ĺʶÿ˶ޱȡ
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࣬ߣɫȻȳϢԨ纣֮䣬䣬Ȼһ棡
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һĻĿҲһ˿ݵĻԭЦԡ

ѥӲڹ⻬ƽ̹ĵϣнײΰˣɫȴ˪ǰͻȻ΢΢˹û뵽ᷢĲңбǸһһġ
˵գֱϸֱųϫ
Ȼֻ΢΢ҲСԺԲƣЩУȴһһЩš
Ҫ֪λСΪԵУ˭˵Ǹ
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ʱ·˵ʿۿ󿤡濤Ĵ󿤣Ļʵ۳ܣֱֶ֮ڣԹ֮Ķ֤ʸ
ڷݿǲڵģԭĻʵ۳еĴ໤仰˵ǣͬĻʵ۳ǵǰ㣬һӻڴķ֮ڡ
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ҿɾ߶ˡˣǷ繫ӹһЦȴǵʲãףͳϫ档
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ͬʱһž̽˳ϫУ΢΢һȻһжʱȻ߲ɷһĨΣһ湻ġ


845 ޺
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ϫ򶨣®һ˿ɣʾ԰꣬䶢ųϫǲǾãаά㣬ҾͲɱ㣿
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ǳϫĥµüޱȣսʶˣ֮ǰһ󣬶޷ƳջᱻһƸóˡ

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ǶֻƷƿգƲξˣϫȴһ˺ҧĤХδƷѺХУ̵óϫۡ
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ϧˣҵĵϣ濤ǣ˭Ҳ޷
϶ҪСĴۡȻЦؼʱ̣ô𣿡
Ĭã̧ͷкԼɱһᣬ뿪ʿҶ֡
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˵գˣں󣬴ҡ뿪ƽ̨֮ϣת˲ʧ
һֱӶԷ뿪֮󣬲૵ͻȻЩڣղûɱ쵰
üͷһ壬зһ˿֮ɫС㣬Ѿܲˡ
ƺܲҵõϢϵɾ֣ٺ͹żҺ֣ʵϡ
ҡҡͷʮŮˣһɲǣü䲻һ˿֮ɫȻһţҲԿΪƵϾвǰɡ
Դ˳ֺһֱû˳ϫڵأϾǵȼĽ棬Զһ¼ҹܹԤġ
˿̣̲סʵΣ𣿡
һǲԸ˵ʱ֪ˣʱ̸϶ΣգϵֻǶԸ˶ԷˣΣյǵ֮󡣡
˵ţɫͻȻһ»ָһǿƵģĿɨһķ®繫ӣıҺʧ
®ɫʱñòŷ֣ԭ֮ǰԼԳϫΪƺ֪ˡ
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֣ϵڣҲ뿪ʿȻҲ
˵ţѴϫһĨ磬ʧƽ̨֮ϣֻ·®˹ɫ粻
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Լղѵˣ
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Զаһ̾æ׷ȥ
˶Լܸоֻ֮үǺУһãпܷĿɳ

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ƽԲᣬ̰˽ߣҲﲻʲôæǡ
˵⣬̧ۿųϫ˵֮һһǰĻʵ۳ǣȫ㲻õġ
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ϫ⵹ҲǣҲ⻰˵ŷϾһɣɸǿȻʸ˵˻

Уϫϥ
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ʵδ̸еϸڣͨЩӵĹ۲죬ֻһЩ뵽еߣ֪ʱľпᡣ
ɣǷĴ֮һϵļ̳ˣԸʵɲĸ棬硣
һֹĴеĹϡϣ˲ɼ֣Ļݣóϫеһľ
ʦ㽫ԼߣϫԼֱ˶಻˼Ĵڡ
ܿ죬ͱó޳˼ʼϢ
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ҪٽһΨһİ취ǽһ߲صһعԴԼΪ״Ӷܿǧе̽
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οǣЩҲûлķϣ˵Ϊٲܴȴջ˲ٵĹ֮
Ļ춴磬һƬӲӵĹ½⣬ƴʥ͡ȻϢ
Уһ֮۴ġĵǷ˾仯һɶһŸΪǿĵн
ָо·ĵһһ㣬ֻҪ֮ԽԽ࣬Ƽγһʵı仯
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ԭڹ֮ϫǴǹ֮ΪٸߣҲԵڽС
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вһЩϢɬȴΪļµĴڣ⣬Ȼǿɣ
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ʵҲܼ򵥣ڣԳһƬأʮ㣬һصĹͲڵʮ֮С
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Ĵ˶ԣȴѣߡӡնļʥİ£˳С
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Ϊҵʧһļʥ룬ʮɰܽ뵽ʮ㣬飬ڷʷҲֹΡ
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Ϊһ˺һ˵ĳִ֣Żûѡˡ
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һϫ͸оһɻĽƲ΢΢һˮһ
ĽŲڵ棬̧һɨһ㡣
ǣǰֻһʯɵʯݣϣֱͨϷϸһǡþ;ʮŲ֮ࡣ
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һУֹһʯݣطͬҲУһʯͬҲǾʮ
Ӹߴͻ֣ᷢǾʮŵŻÿһŻǰһʯݴ£̨ͬǾʮŸ
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ϾռѷΣգ֪һУͻ˲䱻ڵʱշ籩촷ۣ
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ʱвʯϣϳ塣ʯʮˣʮˣԵüΪӵ
ͬϫҲһˣѵִһʯݵľͷŻ֮Уʧ

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ԭǱʯϵĽƸ˵ˡϫʱȻһɨȻͷ֣һʯ֮ϣǿߵĲҪ࣬ϣ硣
ЩڤǿߣԵüΪÿһҪ˼һ
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ȻڽֻŴһѣΪ֪ʵãҲҪӵϫ̲סʵ
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һΣشģˮҪȴǣڴУƾ蹦֮ԶһĶ


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ֱ㣬Ծɼǰģֻʣȼʮǿߣҿ̬ҲΪ
ıϫδܵκνƵȴƲִ֮ʯϵĽԲڵɾǿߵˡ
ҵǣԽϣʯϵ̨ĿҲ𽥼٣ִ֮ʯϵֻ̨ʣʮ֮ࡣ
ִʱҲ࣬ٶȷŻΪ̨ϵĽܹ˺ǡ
һɽѹ͹ͬǵصĻȳ棬ɱ֮꣬鷳˲ٵʱ䡣
ȵȣ
ִ߲ʱϫͻȻֹڰյġ򡱣Щϲط֣кȻԼҪı


854 ڤ֮
߲ڣǵҩġǹװԼɫɫıƷ׽Զڰˮ׼вһЩޱȵɲġ
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һĻˮ˿ֱǷ費ɣ
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֪ǺͼƬԼ̤ʯ̨׵һʱͻȻһɲԼһɽĹҲӵؿԼ
ΪκͼƬ˺ԼԼŻ̹Ȼɣ
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˵̺һɴƣеˡ׷׳֣ѭݱһĸ档
ϫ𺳣ͻȻ𣬵Ķ˷ǰǹۺͼ仯֮ƿشִͷ
ǰһĻǹĦĺͼȴǴͬС죬ΪǺͼƬԼΪԼֵһ֮
ľ磬޷͸еİ־ȴԺĵ;ߵøΪԶ
Ϊڱ˻ڿ˼ΪʱȴѶ쵽еı仯֮֮ֻҪȥձȻԽһɳ죬ﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ԾϫУ¶΢ЦȻ֪εأлǹãȻ֪Լ̧̤ʯݵ㡣
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ĲڴھŲʯݵ̨վȣǰ˲䶨һߴޱȵͭںڰС
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Ѧ֪λˡҲǳϫʱ򣬲֪ûһֱ顣

磬һַ츲صı仯
ӵϫִʱһƬǿոͻᷢǺƴޱȣƲ֪ٿǳķ磬˿̣һɳ鱻ϴһ飬¶覹Ŀǿ֮£ͷųʢŨҵ
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Ƭ̺ҡҡͷʱ棬ɶȡصʮһأ
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ϫһۿʱ׻ԴЩ£ôǡǰ
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ҲףΪʦ˵Լɾķ֮С
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Ψһ֪ľǣֱ֮Ҳ򵥵һ;ǣնɱߡ
ǳϫ֮ǰҲ֪ܹ߸־õؽսǰǰ㣬Ϊ̫󣬶ƣ֮С
˵ԪսԴȪôʶǿһֶΣ֮ս־һ
ƺۣܲһսΪսƾе£վʤģҪˡ
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ڣһط֮󣬳ϫŶʱ˽⵽ԭȷ֮;ġ
չнܣ֮ľ磬ĵĻꡢӤĴ׶Σ˼УܴﵽļޱĵܹﵽһҲһСˡ
ϾնɱߣǳͶƣʱɾѰܹģ
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УҪô޵֮£ҪôڷͼΪһͼա
ﵽĿĳɾͣϫܵĹ֮Ҳǿﵽĵ׶ζѡ
ִܹĻꡱ׶εģҲΨɽڤظеϲŴڣ˼УѼѰٵ
ԭֻҪ֮Ļ׶ΣԼϵġˡϢɱĲ̽Ӷ˳ӭ֮٣ܲþ׵Ĩɱ
ϫһǡ
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һǧ꣬ܵڴˣĿһɣ


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ϫشھŲ㣬һ۾Ϳˮ˺һأһԺ׹һ״Ц
ϫ߷һĨŹ֮ɫһѵС֣֮뵽⣬Ŀһɨܣǰ
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ϫȻѵС뿪ˣ
ɱ˵֮ˣȻ뿪ڴʱһдС
ϫʱ˿˵ʵСһˣ᲻С뿪УСȻ߶߶ģеĵλȴһ
ûٳɣнӶֱӸ˹ˮ˵ʺֹûһ˿顣
ӵٴ֮֮ǲݵĵˣϫȷţ֮˻ԼҲǱɡ
塢ҹ졢ܺЩɽүСǣȻͷ󣬵Ȼ˳ϫҲñɱ
߰ɡһУϫ𽣹Ҫ뿪ھŲ㡣
ˣҵδָξͷһСδ
ǰ⻰ʲô˼ѵûϫȻͷɨŵϵһ߾ʬѿݽߣûĿܡ
ЩɽСһһ걻Ĵɽ֮УɱڣҲĨɱǻġСƽ˵
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֮ǰϫĿ˺ͼƬٽԼ֮޸Ḷ́ѶеͼȻģҪطڰ˲㣬Բᵣ·ߡ
ʱ´ӵһһܲκɵִʮ㣡
ҺãСûұ֣Ҫ̫ѿˡϫ½УСֺˮƵĶصøˡ

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ԽˣսеɱԽȼĶ֣һߣǾǺ
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ǰ龰ǣƮҡڴеҶƼһκҡҡ׹ȴǿţʾʹ
ˣı꣬ɫŤз૵ˮȺһС鶼ɱ𣿣汻ϵʮĻ
һ뵽⣬һפ㲻ɫȴһָ侲汻СһҲûصذֻȴڴˣ;ɱѹγһ㹻ˣ
һеĽһɨգ
ЩϣˮһУһҲû˺Լʤʵˡ
͸λǰҪɱǸСˣһҪӭȢؼң̵񹷶һԲҵֶ
ĿһƳϣзһɭĴЦиһ˿޵ζ
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žɫĮȻδ˵УҲɱûʲôҪĥ
ںˣʼնδٿڣɭ塣
ͳ仰ҲҪ汳ȴ͸һɺζ
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֮ʣսץסᣬǰ˫ȭɽƣݺײ˫ϣ˶˳ȥ
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ˣž붯֣׷ϣҪһ
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棬죬Сˣʯ֮ϣЦѣ̬ⱡ
кѣսҲһЦʹǰһȻȥ
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ȻһʶӰһΣʯ֮ܶȥ
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ϧһͻһֱӽұնϣѪһޱȵĲҽУĵڵϡ
ʱ˲ſˣ˾Σʳǳϫ
ǰɫϫ֣һ𣬲뼰ԼĴʱһӰȥʱ˿̣ܻǵʮеĹӹЩ˵Ķɱ
С㣬졭ųϫ뿪ҡҰɱɱһٴϢһ󣬽ޱȵмԵ˼ѡ
˵ʱҪ߾ȫվˤ棬ɫһӾͻҰȥ䶯ãû˵һ仰
гͷŭоһ̵Լ̫ܣ
壬㲻ҪٶˣһԶȥģһۣæֹж
һ࣬Լһ۵ľȻǳϫɫһŤ棬ץס飬ǧˣ
ֱһϻսˡž桢϶ԣϫļֵ֮Ҫ֮ϣˣ
ŵѣѣǼΧˣһҪ׽СӣԸɣսȵ
˵ʱѱ৵һʧڰգһѳڳϫǰһƳҪݺץȥ


863 
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һƬ䣬ǴһֲֿĽƣبڰ˲͵ھŲ֮䣬ʥɼǿ߶Խ
ϫ嶯ر¶ټ֮ǰͶһƬУ侲ع۲Ŵڰ˲зһС
ЦţҪͬҲΪ˾ˣУҲںСͨ
ΪϫԼ˵ȥԿɼǿߣǶԷͷŵѹҪԼ
Σȵ£ҲΨнСӮȡһ
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Ψһܹľǰϫһ˰Ȼ뿪ȥɼǿоˣȴ첻
Сܾĺܼϫȴ޷ΪСһֱǸ侲ûиĴڡ
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һϫҲֻܷ˽Сֶ֮Կս˵Ĵ㣬ȴδĴ㡣
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Լ֪ȥҲǵս˾ҪʱȻȻȥˡ
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ϫ׼һնһұ֮ٿȻˣܽǱһƬ֮С
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ϫһһನȴһһ޴ݺһ㣬Ѫһ󷭹ݣ³Ѫ
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һ̣Ѻ߳С콻һԸһȫʬԶ֣ɲô򵥵ˣ
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սնһȻ׹䣬ֱһƬкݺһ޴ޱȵѷ죬նǬޱȡ
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ǰȻ֣ͲҪôľˡϫЦղһĻɺ²ѡ
ɼǿߵƣֻԹᵽеĿֲ֮
СŰ㡣
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һӣϫԭųص飬׷ɺƽֻҪڣҲ˺Լһ
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һϮɫװ֫ü续忡ˡ
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ָоеһǧָ
Ϊоڰ˲еռ䡢ʯ̨ϵһؽƣŭųԼ·ҪԼ˺촷ۣ
һ־磿
һ仰ض˳⡣ЩɼǿߣȻ޷ȥı䣡
һɲǼ䣬ս˶һɫ
ͻȻֵŮֹǧǰǶܹɴսо³ϫʵѰɱˡ
սȼλɼǿߣȻ޷Ůʵ
Щ˸ܲͬһ֣˾͸оһƥӿԼڣϡҩ㣬޲ǵƣ֮ǰյ˶һ㱻޸š
Ҫ֪Ƕ˿Ҳɼǿߣ˴ˣǵûиҲ޷׻ָ
ڣһδ˵ϵѿʼԶϣȻΪֶΣҲ𺳡
ȡԳ桱Ҫֲһһֱأ
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Ҳ֪ȵǧǰٴ߲ΣĴ񣬲֪˶ٵٴĴڣҲֻ֮һˣ˭ô˵˴治Ļ
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Ҫ֪ǿɶɼǿߣҲû취һ
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˻һսž桢ɱһûκԥͬʱ֣
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һĻɫƽʣȻݡ
һУضʱãɲǼӿ޾ϼ⣬ܻطţޱȣϢӿ
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˵ʱһ԰޳˫һٴ۳һƬµķţ֯һ𣬷ںڰ⡣
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Щܼ籩ķһ𣬻ܻΪľ񹂣ܻΪ׵۽񹂣֮
ϫŷ֣ԭ֮Ȼã
֪֮ΪԼΪѴﵽʦزԭܼ򵥣Ϊÿһ񹂵Ľṹʵ̫ӡ
ǿʱڽ׭񹂵ķƹ켣ȥʮ֮ãǻ׭̷ƹ켣ѣ񹂣˷ƹ켣Ҫ̺ϣشơͨ顱ȵȲ衣
ɴ˾Ϳ֪Ҫƿһжôˡ
ԳϫķΪȻɲ񹂵ƣ̻ϣشơһжѲסȴԷ
ԭڹͨ顱ϣľ磬Ѹ֪Ĵڣǵִ߾硣
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ԵǺ˾Ȼʱ˲Ż˷Ӧ
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ˣ֪ĽԶѸ㣬ĿˡȻһ䣬͵
Ҫҿ԰æԸˣս֮ʣɼǿߣҲͷûʲô
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㡭ϲֱʱҲûƿǷ񹂵Ľּսֺ֮̿;֪жôǿҡ
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ɱˣһƽСһһ̣Ŀ˺ľϡ
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ǹڹκ˺ͷųϢ䡢塢ɱ֮ԴԶԶһһ׹޾ڰԨĿֲо
գڴӽɣǰǵ·ϣϫһɿֲ־ɨӹһۣ׹ԨͷûС
ͷȫΪɱֲֿƣϫһϣÿһëи궼Ҫһ롣

ڴʱһ߳Ʈ裬ָһ񻪣ͬԣ˼䣬ɽһ
ͬʱ㷢ңңһץս֮ڵصնವһ£ǰ
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⻰Уȴǳ֪Լˡ

ˣǰȫ䣬аɼǿߣһλǿߣԼϡϡڷеļ̳ߺһɽүС㡣
Ȼ塢ҹˣδһɽ磬ָˣʵҲҪͷһЩ߶ԣֱֱĥˡ
Ͼ׷׾Լǧһ֮䶪ʧǵʧ԰һĥ
ΪֻԼˣӮأȡƸ춨Ⱥҵ˵н磬ӵ͵ӵһС
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ʦ㣬սЩǿӦҲûɣϫˣüͷһ壬ʵ
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ΪɵĽҲȻѳϫҪˣһ·ڳϫߡ
ҺãĶˣؼʱĳ֣˴ʧߣһٳӮҡ
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˵ţһĨǻԣųϫգʧ
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ϫЦЦְ̧һƣʦ㣬ȻΪǳȴһ飬νУ޷ǡ;ɱ֣ڴ˹еرģˣӡ
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ϫȻΪζԹ˿ˣԭ漰ƿط֮С
̸ʱ¶ǰףǡ֮ǰ
һ峺ӳϫСʦܣӻúͼƬһ̣ѾڸǣԭǲӦòģ缴ңҲֻܳ²ߣ硣ԺҪúأĪϣˣܳΪǿߡ
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ĵĻꡢӤ֮Ĵ󾳽磬ָ㣬ֻҪ֮Ļ꾳磬ӦĲ̽Ӷ֮ˣݵıˣܲþ׵ɱ
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ϫӴʮõġһԹΪֵ֮֮ȴѡ
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Լ˳Ǳ֮⣬֪Լݣ˾ԼЩ̫ˡ
߰ɣһЩûɫĵӰˣ㿴һЦϫŤͷһۣһԾֱӳɽȥҪ˭裡
Ȼûϡ
ǶˣһڤԲڣһǿֲһǿߣ߸ϣɻ߳һ
ʱһжһƣÿɽŵĵɫһ䣬ɿĶĻС
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Ǽ֮󣬿Уʾ֮һٴеģ
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ۣϫŭͬʱҲ϶Լ뿪ʱ䣬Żڿ϶ʲôʡ
䣡
̽һץһſֲױлۣһƬױɵ֣һֱץڷŻɽŵĹĻϡ
̼䣬׺ĻϴҼƼΪˡ
ϫһս촷ǧɽˮնɱѰҲ練ƣŻɵķȴЩˣ˲ͱ
Ҳ²ⲻһֹ󣬹ͨأУռ֮άϵתһˣҲᱻС
һ˵ҪҪҳ
ϫüͷҡͷʾⲻãüһֻĿչ֮ԼķѲ̽ȥ
Ƭ̺ĿһһȽȥ˵
ȻŶãͿе飿
󵨣
ӸӲɽţֱѰ·
ǲӣǳϫϡ
֪
ʱǴ֮ٴӿӣŹĻ׷׳ϫǳⲻѡ
ৣ
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죡ųϡһӷӦ죬е
飡
𣬾Ȼֹ˸һɽݺѹͨһ¹ڵأһֻſڵϵƵģƾҲվˡ
·ϣĿ޳˵ڲٰʲô£Ϊ֪ҵݣӣ
ϫɫΪѿ⿪֮䣬緭ÿһɨеĵӣһѣ׹ߡ
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ˣϫŭ͵һըװ쳹˶ϣǶð˫һ£ͨͨԶڵء
ٲش𣬿ɱ̷ζˣϫ˵
ڣһͷ亹ͰͿڵ¡ϫϣҵԸ⣬ԭҵҲǲ֪
ϫüͷһĿһɨˣǿһ˲жϳ֮ǰǵӲδ˵ѡ
ԽˣԽзûһɾȻͰԼˣ
ΪĵǣϵǣǷҲܵԼǣˣ
һ뵽⣬еŭҲƲסӰһݣҪȥ
һΣΪԼڣסľȺƵǴ룬֣ܶĪմʦֵ˸Ǳץܵڣ޾ĥ
һΣԼ뿪һ֮ãȻԼҲΪˣֱʣϫٵȥ
֮ʣԶطɳһݹ⣬δңңϫ԰꣬鲢
˵ʱѷ٣һϮȹѣȻǰޱð档
Ϊˣһл𣿡
ϫüдһѹֲסķŭ⻹ΪԷǰ棬ǻˣᣬֱӾͳ˹ȥ


870 ŭ
ϫʱпһ֪ԼһΪϫᣬҪɲܹġ
ǣԼҲоɵ̫ˣ
ͷȴǷɿ͵ϫЩɽӲżɲãڲ飬ʵһᡣ
ϫɫ᣿Ҷˣѵ֤ҵݣҲϳΪУҲܽ᣿
汻ʵɫһͣЩԶԡ
ϫˣҲѿռʱæǻŭҲᷢйͷϡ
Զ˶٣̾Ϣ棬ֱӸңʲôɡ
ҧҧ촽ȴǲ֪ôӺνͣɫԵɲðβ˵ϫ㲻ȥһƽʦһʱ֪ҡ治֪νˡ
ģϫһо鲻ҡͷԻȥݼƽʦڴ֮ǰҪȻһˡ
䣬ʲô㣬ѿڶҪ
ϫͻȻñɫʱаһ⣬æϫˣȥݼƽʦҷģ뿪ڼ䣬ûκƻ
ԽˣóϫɫԽѿܲµԼ弴ûƻֻҲʲôʡ
棬ǵϣÿϫɫɱ͸һɲɵζ
˵ţѴһԾܿ棬塣
ϫѾûˣ̲סڱ󺰵
ϫȻֹɫһ˲ñ䵽˼£֪˶ֻ֪еŭʱɫԵüΪƽ͵Į
ʱ򣬾˶Ʒһ˿ѰüСлֱ˵ֻԼĪ㻹ΪЩǳϫ޷ģ
УǴһ˿ɼСɾĸ֣һһϡԳ桱֮УһڰУӴһ㣬һζʱӻʧѣҲ侲١
뿪ʱϫʧˡ
ˣҡҡͷӰһֱӻһĨ磬ЮŰٿȻʧֻЩɽŵĵӹڵϣǺȻǺ²ѡ

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˵һ巶Χڣһһľһɽһʯǰ㣬δƻϻѲǱС
ȻЩȴǾĵģʦֻĪյˡסľ׿㡢ѩԼЩĲˣԶ֮ϡ
һԵ
Ҫ֪壬ѷɱȣھŻ֪ǵĵط嶼ĸʢ
ԼĵϣԼĺѡʦʦȴˣóϫνܵˣ
һĻһɲǣֻеŭɽҪըÿһë׶
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ϫ䲻ڣԶ֮ǡ
ʱЯ£Ҳˣųϫкεŭǽƣǵǵ㡭ǧҪŭǧҪ嶯
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ס֪˵ˡ
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޶Ůϣᵽһ˿ΪǿϢжһĪ״ѹ
һѡϫ
ϫԸͣҲô࣬ȸƽϫŭҪȫԷһȥ
ѡ֣һϢػһĨһ˵һԼĻȻֻ֡

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ŻźĴС
ϫִУ㿴ټĴУΨƽ»ͥһˣԵüΪյ
ŵҲƽһЩȷģƽ̺Ϊĳֱʣڴ˲ɱ֣ͻȻԼ֣ǿ޷ܵġ
ΪУ߶ֵþصĳԼҲΪƣǷǵ飬һܲסǵȴ
ҺãֻƽһˣҲ֤黹ԶԶû⵽Ըӵĵز
»ͥ˳ϫδຮѣֱ̹Եϸ£ǾŻɽеˣдĺῴѩҪΪū檣Ҳ֪ѩǴѪβһ壬ĹɶãΪҲɽ
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ͬʱôҲΪƽϢЩɽ˵ŭ
»ͥҲû뵽ǣһλɽĺҲ֪֪ѩǳϫ֮ˣϫˡ
ڳϫڣɽҲֻ´ǿŻӳϫΪУֻȳϫأҪϫÿ
Цǻƣɳϫ֪ɽ磬ţĿһУһٵ˼磬޼ɵ޷죬òѩŭתƵԼͷҲԵúƽˡ
ˣϫһУһоΪһɽĺʱֱ޲ھȥǻȥ
ǻǰһɽ֣϶Ҳɵޱȣ˵ҲֻסˣѲͬڷʱֲǼνɽүСǣɱ˲٣Ŀܻںˣ
ϫ㲻֪Ϊ˱ϵˣƽʦҲ֪˶ٵ裬ԣҲӦһŵѴΪѾƽΪȡýˡ
ü̾Ϣ͵ϣҲһɷͱ޴йֻС
ϫһŬзڵɱʵƽʦʦ壬˴ɽǰ֮˲Ᵽѵеĳ𣿡
˵Щ񻪷ϵϹŶǣвΪֲĴڡ
ԭܼ򵥣ЩԾŻɽеǾŻ𻯷ɽĴɣ˴½ĴȻֻλǱ˵Һƽʦ֣һЩּߵǰҲ֡
һ̾Ϣдһ˿ΣȻжԴ˴ɽ˵ҲΪ
ϫüͷˣĺܼ֣еޱȵıѵˣ
飡
ʱĴ͵ر𿪣һЦ˵ϫСӻˣݼӣ


871 Բл
δ£һ£䲩ݿʵִȣʩʩȻ߽˴֮С
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󣬻һȺŮԶƤЦ̬٬Ȼûһ˿ȡ
ִȵ꣬һȺŮƽ»ͥϽԶüͷһ壬ȴδ˵ʲô
ֻǴѳϫͣҪСҴı
ϫͬҲע⵽һȺˣĿһɨжϳЩһ塢ҹһԶ˺ᣬȻȣʵȴֻڵɾ硣
ˣɱŨңʵЩ벻ŻΪʮ֮һЩɽû취
ƽ»ͥһģ
ǳϫΪĿһɨܣ˳ϫϣ۾һһ㡣
÷ӺҾŻһܳĵӣѽΪŵĳϣִ֮λ
ȳϫڣˬʴЦܵϫλɽŻе÷Ԫ÷ӣΪɽҲȻ
÷ԪЩŮûнܣȻЩŮҪ÷Ԫһͷ
ߣ϶𣿡÷ԪͻȻɫһõɨһۣǹ졣
ɫһͣЩѿǿס
ˣЩŮһЦɫϷʣ÷ԪҲɷһĨ֮ɫ
ɽ磬Բ޼ɵһɳ϶У˼磬Ļκι˼ɣǵˣԭͽݰԸڵִ˼֮󣬱޼ɵ
ףʵɽ˹е̬˼Ϊ͵λ棬ֵһɹֻ÷Ԫ˱ֵøһЩˡ
裬ϫüͷѿƲסɱ
˶˲ɣ÷ʦֲ㻰𣬸Ͻʵش𣡡
ʱһȺŮеݸһƳϫ޶ԣȳ̬ţ͸ѵһ
ʦ֣СһԱɵˣ㻹˼ң̫ˡһ毺õŮԴȴǼ̱֮
ʦѵĵСôƫ˵ҿɳԴ׵ĺܣУҷŵӲɣ㻹˵
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ףȻŲĪǰѱӵĻԷˣҹ£
ϫ޶ԣǸʦɫһǰ̧žͳϫϥǴȥֱӾͶҪȳϫ¹
һȸѸݣ籼ףɨ֮ޣ˵ǿ졢ݡ׼ԲƣһɨУֻһ׼Ʒᱻ촷ˡ
ˣЩŮ϶¶֮ɫһϷģ
飡
ȻʧǣʦһȻδϫͱѲ׵ƽ»ͥһӣֱӸ
ϫҲЩʧֱӴ쵰ȣһɱĴˣϧȴڰ;б»ͥƻˡ
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һºӺݵ»ͥ˿ɫҲһͷֱջסˣ߹ϢŭԼһ𣬷Ŵɱɱɣ
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нһ̾۷ŭǱ֮ϫΪ˾ŻɵĻҵҲֻͣˣߵıԣ罫ȺɽĻ˸Ĩɱˡ
ѾԹۣߵȴء
Ӵһ˿ڱǰǣҲøӹԹԹлˣ
Ǹʦ´һۣһ˹ȥʽһûһ˿仯ɴ˿ɼжˣȷϫһƵġ
꣡
Ȼϵǣȸֻ̧ǰһһֻǯƵĴѽסף͵һšһֱӽȹӲŤˣһĹ
һ£ֹ÷Ԫû뵽»ͥţϫ־Ȼ˸ɴֱӣȻֱӷ˶Էȣ

һ˲䣬ʦ۵ᶼһޱȵļУˣ㾹Ȼһ֣
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ϫɫ䣬ȹƿ͵һקŶԷϵȣһһɳƵģݺ˵ϡ
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ˣҪţȮʦɫ״ħ
һϫһĨ䵽µķâ˻Ѵĵߣ׶ɱġ
ڴʱ÷ԪҲӦԶһкиѳǰҪʦ֡
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ҲΪԽʮ֪Եϫȭžͽʦ֡ģʱŻᶼûܼʱ
ʱӦɻס
һֻСϾȻ·ϣ˵Լͬ飬ǻòͷˣ
䣡
һɲǣȳɱǰʩչǿʽӲͬλϫɱ
ЩɽȻţΪȷԶڵɾ磬˼磬Ӿˣϧǳϫ
žžž
Ķ⣬Ҳ죬ȥҲ죬ϫһ˲ɳȥڱѪݶ˲֪ٿţ׹ڵϰѡ
»ͥԶȻһϫʵʱֱǿ󣬶ԸЩɾǣֱǴݿ࣬Ѵ֮
ΨɫƽڷʱĿùϫνѵ塢ҹ˵ģ϶ԣǰЩ˶֮˵Ϊ磬ϫٶԸǣǲŽй¡
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÷ԪˣٱޱȣС㳹ŭˣ˭ˣҲȲ㣡ڣһĻᣬԲл


872 ʺ
Բл
ԣƽ»ͥüëһǷŭ÷Ԫţǵĳϫǰ;
÷Ԫ˵㲻ʲôؼǺһĻмɽ񻪷;Żʥ£һǣǺʵ롣
ŻʥǾŻӲϹŶλֱǷ顢˳ŵ˵λϹŶĴڣͬ켹һ㣬ؾŻɣ˸ǰðݡ
ϹŶǰƽ»ͥԼЩĵǶñϹϾԾӡ
񣬴ɽ罵ٵļܹ;Żʥ£ƽ»ͥݶܲУɴ˿ɼЩǺεȳˡ
ϫԲлʱһУէ֣³֣Ȼɫϧ
ȻˣǾɣ÷Ԫɫˮһ֣һŮȫ
ɱɱֻϣ˭Ǳӵˣ
¡
һ˲䣬ƥ֮⣬ХǴдػһ£԰ƽˡ
һƬУϫʩչ֮һĨ磬ڿռƵƵ˸Ʈȡ
飡
һһ⧲ֱӱһֻͻĴ߬סӣСƵĺݺݰ棬ҳһӣ߿Ѫһ鴤ͻ˹ȥ
ʦ֣
һǸʦüˣһŭУ˫һɣ㳯ϫʶȥδƿһ޴󡢻ſâȭͷѺХͫм
һ毺õ׶ʱȥǶܼʱһȭԺ䱬Դ
ˣһ֮ǰһڣߵķƵĵɳȥݺײڵϣ׻ԡ


ܿ죬һĲҽʱУȾ㡣
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սɱؾǿߣЩΪҲŵˮ׼ɽʱֱǴݿ֮࣬
⣬֪ʱۼӣкȻаޱ񱱡ٻصȵȺӵӡ
ȻҲѶ
ʹ죡ЩܹЩ˵Ķʵã϶ҲͳϫһЩǿ޵ˣ
˫ȭգųϫɨ˷ҲǼѣֱ޲쳤Хһ
ԴЩɽǵִŻɣŻɶǸƫƫ߲ǲܲʣҲǱޱȡ
ԭųϫջع飬лǲѣϾ£ɶΪǸѩ÷Ԫѽϫ˿ֻҪˡ
һĻȴǣϫûѣЩɽˣбõβܣ
û뵽Ŷ̶һûϫʵȻȵزૣо֮̾࣬ҲɷһĨӣһҪ׷ĲѰ
ʹʹ죬Һܵģϫôֻ֮´òޱüһϷһĨ֮ɫ
ΪӵӣȻҲЩɽ֮Ը޼ɵ̣ҲǵıݣǺһǰǼɽκ˸ȥġ
ǵ֪﷢飬ЩɽܻŹϫ
ԣϵ֮ɫԶʲ٣һĨ֮ɫҲ֮ü֮䣬ǰǴʹˣɳϫָƺ
ܿ죬ǵע㱻зһĻˡ
ټĴУЩɽǺ˵ɵڵأףԡѪ޺ѣʹȥȥΪҡ
ڳŵģΨʣ÷Ԫһˣʱɫ£γˮԴ벻һڤСϣȻܺɨһȺĵǿߣ
ʵҲ־ŭϫĿУԹͷŭӿһĨɵ
˵ƽ»ͥϵɫùһڤʿɨҶ̷һȺĵ棬ӾֱǿҵԸӵĵزͷҲ𺳲ѡ
㡭ģ÷ԪԼû֣ԼѴһ˿ƵĲ
ңҾ͸㡣ϫƽ
һսеɱδƽǰƽ»ͥӣŵ͸ˡ
С֪ﱾӵ³𣡱Ϊܹ羳Եж˲𣬱ɱ㣬ϵû˭ܾȵ㣡
ԣ÷ԪŭΪɽᣬѶԳϫʵеһּɵɶɵİԣȴ޷˸Ҽ̤Լϣ
ЦӵɽݣҲֻһ繷ʺˣвңһ̵ĳϫǿƶԵһΨҶǡ
ҹʺ÷Ԫû˫Ŀݶҧ顣
˵ˣʺ硣
ϫ˸㣬Գӵɽ米Ļɫǰøɱһȫԡ
˻һƽ»ͥڵ˶һţϫȻ֮ǰɱ˵ĺ᣿һһһ
δ̫𾪣ɳϫǲ˵ѣϫЩ˵Ļɹ£ȴܿ϶ʱĳϫӦò˵ѲŶԡ
һ뵽⣬˿ϫĿⶼòͬˣһ޷ԳĹ̥һ㡣
÷ԪȴϫһУ˵ѺǾ仰ֻһ仰ʺ硱
һֻСϣȻԼ
һӣɫޱȣɫŤͻȻ֮䣬Ŀɨ˫ֽ֯һȭݺݴ
䣡
һƬҹĻ٣ޱȣͻȻһȭɵѱתΪڰ֮أڰ֮
ɷ
һɿֲȭҹɫֶҪϫڰУѹС
һֿµѳķ룬ȻǱ÷ԪʩչǷ֮ǵƣɿɲޱȡ
ϫһȭһ𣬶Ȼ֮غ磬һմ䱳𣬻ͻͺƴ󣬴ĿʢһɢͰһкڰ˺ѡ
䣡
ͬƴһȭתУһĺ÷ԪȭʱƵøɸɾ
˾Ϳ˳ϫһȭƵУΰǰһ÷Ԫ̽ڽڰˡ
ÿֲ⻹ڤʿӵеģ÷ԪѪȫ
֮⣬޼
Ա׼ķΪ޷ԼһڤСϻܣ
ԣƴˣȫ֮һ֮С
£
ϫͥŲֵһ÷ԪͷͻȻʼŨݣγһɳ޾Ϣѹ


873 
һ֮˾޴֮貣ɷӡ÷ԪϵķȻɫ̲ס
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÷ԪԳɽᣬһŰ裬ȴѹ¹򣬶ǵô˵棬ǻصɽ磬Ҳ̧ͷˡ
ʹ죡Ϊ˼Ϳ޷ˣڳϫǰɲһҲúѣɣǵ͵ЩΪá
⳹׷ڣһںӵӿϫ÷ԪѹȵĹ£һ𾪣ʹ졣
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㡭Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡÷Ԫ޵ݶҧ飬ڳϫľѹ£Ҳͽ͡
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ϫһƳϣݻѪһأԴֱ죬ǰֱðǡ
ƣԹԱ죬ϫ̧ۿ»ͥƽʦɵһ˳е㹻ٹΪӷġ
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»ͥɫڱϾǳסǽ춼ͱƣ㻹ǾŻɵĵӣģԹۣ
˵⣬˶ɢһΡ֮ɫ̣ԥٻûʧһ׵ǡ
ǵһνʱ˵ĻǾŻԽɣľǽһȡʧһӶչ˲ƽ̡Ҳգ
»ֶͥ˸ߴ磬һɽӵơ
˻һȫԾ
Щڣп»ͥĿⶼòͬܡĽһͷ
ʿΪ֪
һɣҪ⾭ӪͬͰһ㣬ȾҪееӵ
»ͥһϯʮĻɴﵽЧ
ߣͥΪһصĵӣ˵çײĻɺͳ
ȻڴʱһشӴ⴫էְ㣬¡¡˶ϣ˶ɫһ䡣
ΰӰ˲ư㣬ƾڴ֮УһƣϢԨ纣һհ㣬˫
һλߺŮһִУͷŵϢն˰빧ӭһȺ߼١
ղ˵ߣݣһ룬
ƽ»ͥһһʦȻ˾ǾŻʥ֮һķˣ
ãɽĴ
ͬʱϫͻȻϵĴдһĨϫһ÷ŮϼɽĴ֮𣬸߸ϡ÷÷Ԫ棬Ҫ̣齻Һƽ̴á
ϫһУ̧ɨ˹ȥͼ÷һϮţһʿһ㣬Ŀȴɭ磬ļµĹ
ϼһٵˣɫѣӺݻһɸȡ
ֲ÷ԪЩ˸˲Ᵽԭ̵ıϫЦѡ
аѴ˺ͱԱһ£²ԸϣҲò˵÷ϼǿܸϫһ޷ͱȵĸо
Ҫ֪˼ı죬ֻһѣˣƶܱȵùɣóϫòɣıΪָкεǿ
ȻֻǴӱжϣʵΣԳϫΪҲ޷ȡ
棡ң
ʦ÷ϼִʱأǹڵϵ÷ԪһС
ԭ÷ϼִʱһ˲ͽеһпУ䵱ǵϺŵģȻǸԼһ½ĵʱɫ
ʱټڵأͷ÷Ԫȣ˵ɫĿʳˮһоɭȻ֮ɫ
ԪվҾ˺£÷ƽ͸һɺεŭ⡣
ʵͲʣһ۾Ϳ˭ɵˣֻҪһйеŭˡ
ΪҪǣʵҲЩţһСôһ
棡·ϣĿһУʦȫ裬ֶαӣ̬Ȳ֮һҪ
Դ÷˽У÷Ԫ;һ񣬲俺ܣȴίԹ㣬Թضųϫҧг˵
˵ʱžҪվصԼߡ
飡
Ȼڴʱһֺݺݳϣѣзһİ¹ڵϡ
һʵ̫ݣҲ̫죬ڳ˵ϡ
ֹ÷ϼû뵽ϫԼƤ¶֣ʦƽ»ͥϵ˶û뵽ϫڴʱ˿̾Ȼô
һӣ»ͥоͽп಻ϫôɾǰԼưǻȥȣ
ձֻ÷Ԫİʹ쳹̼÷ĴǶסݺݳ鴤
÷ѡüͷһ壬ЩõƳ˳ϫһۣſ˵
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Ȼ˵ͱ÷һִϣ絶»ͥɨһȦڳϫϣ죬Ҫߴӣȿ


874 ޴
Ҫ߳ϫ
ԣ»ͥüͷһ壬Ŀ⿴˷ʦ
֪ʹ˰ѳϫȥ³Բ룬Ҫܾ裬ᱻĥ
÷磬Ҳ岻ϻΨϣʦˡ
ʦƬ̣Ȼ÷ѣǳϫҾŻһܳĵӣ콾ߣǱƲѣڻ˺Ϊ
˵꣬÷ٴϵѣһӶѣĪҪ˺Ϊѣ
Ǵһв֮⡣
ʱϼҲڵ츳ٺã˱ӣ޼ɵ˵ӣҪŻʡٻš
òׯӺݣ̬ȴǺٲȻϫ˻»ͥһڵӶüͷһ壬Ϊá
ֱ۾˵ϹЩɽǰв壬Ҫǿϫ֮ˣܻᱻϫһ٣
οϫΪˣŻɶ֪˵Ǳ֮ˣ϶ûˣ
ȻϼҲƫ÷Ԫ˵ġ
ɼ֪ˣԷݣҲֻ̲û취÷ϼɣɽŻǲ½ʹߣޱȣҲܵ
ԣӺֹǱӣֱ׶񼫣÷ԪҲڵ
ѣϲϷңӲⱣ罻÷֣Ϊáϼ٩٩̸̬ȻԴ֮ǽϫ̡
죬Ѫˣļ治֪ɵġϫͻȻڣֱϼ˵̬ƽôȴʮֶ񶾡
ž
˵ʱϫһƳ÷ԪϣһΣֻͶѿѪһ鴤Ƶģʹȥ
Ե
ױȵİԵ
˭£ϫһŮΪ˳ֳ÷ԪһǶ⣿
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һ˲䣬»ͥˣǴЩӣһ۾֪ϫΪףȴĪһʹĸо
˵ʲôСϼˣ̲ȻŭףһȣһӲӵ֮ӿ
Ϊɣ˲֪£˼У˸ǵĿֲߵﶼ˾Ļ뵽һȻΪ
һº޳֣Ӳӵ֮䣬֮߰ܲУ޵ҪסϫһĽѵ
Ȼһ㾪һͻȻŭ֣ϫֻҪˣ
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ȻڴʱһڱĳͻȻƾճ֣һ׽һƬɫ顣
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ϼһӶˣʹ˵գȻ˸͵ϮԼ
ֹڳˣ÷ڣȫһ¶֮ɫһɱϳһӣ

ļžУһĽŲһ޳ٻӰҰС
һͷƵĽԺݱޣ촽ԸУͷӨףһü·ħ㾪ĶǵĹյ쾡¡
ˣ
ӽʱһֱ͵һ࣬ɽ¶ˮǶ˳ϫŮȻƯþޣȴû˹С
ֱʱҰУŷ֣ԭޱŮӣֻǸƿŮһλز¶ĸ֣
ֻԴЩΣϫһλ֣ȻһӳһϣöԷܣ
Ϊֶߣ
Ψ»ͥ໥һۣ˴жȻףֲóϫ򶨣ԭҲ̵ģ
Ȼ͵Ϯң
ʱϼڴӾѹһŶׯձú˫Ŀ
Ӱһ˫ַɣǧ֮ʩչһֲֿݺɱ
Ȼû뵽͵ϮɼΪ˼˭͵ϮΨһһģʵ϶Ҳ͡
ϧ˿ѱŭͷԣֻΪԼԴ⣬˳һޡ
һССɣҲǰצ
ڣĮ䣬󶶶һڱĳٿȻգɨȥݿ㽫ϼĹƳȻžһٴγϣ˶ڰзɵ˹ȥһͷԵڵء
һ򵥵赭дȴһɳɳȥָ̺úεֲ֮
Ȼһʦɫһ䣬һɾûаͶˣĳɷ֣ȴɽϼ˳ȥ֤һ£Ǿǰ޵Ů˵ʵҪϼǿ̫࣡
ͨ
ʱϼһ򣬲ڵأǿѪٴζһѪĿɲ̺ۡ
ʱǱþе㾿˭˼оûĸ֣
÷ҲһأĿ˸ضųϫƺҪϸһܹ׻һɵĴڣͷԲˡ
ʱ򣬴ϼĿⶼˢˢϣ𾪣к棬в˼飬һ㡣
ϵ÷ԪҲʶƲɫԹԵر͡
һУôԹվڳϫߣ˫۱أɫƽһλ߰Ů㣬ʮ㡣
ôˣϫһƳ÷ԪϣöԷһն׵ͷƵģĿȫǣɱһҽС
÷Ԫʵǽ췢һ̫ŭԼһͬһֻԼ׶༪ˡ
ԣȻƤɽ裬Ļܶ÷ԪˣһһƵسȥûаɣֱöԷ׻ʹȥδ֡
ֵһǣ÷ԪǱεģǱεġ
У÷Ƥһֱںݺݳ鴤ֱ̲סзŭ鴫ѣеңɱ󣬸ʱ
ŻɵɴɱɼĴڣĹͷῪ
£÷ȻʶƾϼʵȻ֣ԲŴ飬Ҫɴɱ
Ȼû뵽ǣ黹ûڣǶıŮȴǶ˼һ㣬ĿһɨӶ
Ǹ˵ˣԪڤκΪҵ͵ˣǴҲӲҵĲ̽
俪ڣ˵ʱһڱĳƿնħл¹֮ޣһƥķ֮ݺݳ÷ȥ


875 
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ıƿ쳹ڴУһһըװ㣬˶ĤʹѪݡ
ɼǿߵƣһ֮Ī̺΢Ĵ֮ʵڶУͬϲԷŭź궼Ҫܲ
֮ȣ÷Ȼһɣ߸ϣֻȴһ̵ܱͽ㣬ƤͷҷһѪܵ˺۲ȫģޱȡ
ȷŬˣƴȫȴͽƿ£Ӳ̢֡
ɫ䣬ʮ㣬һڳޱʩչó뻯Ұ˼ƾ÷˻У޶ԡ
ģֱ˻һ׹ߡ
£û˸ȥֹϼɫٳٲǰӪȣΪʵ̫ˣԼǰҲӲ̢³
գǷʦȥ»ͥܲȰһȰϫŹ÷һΣôԷһɽ;Żǧ˿ƵĹϵ
÷Ǵ˴η½磬Żɹеģǣ綯ʱŻɵĲ⣬ǵ̫ңֻûھŻɶˡ
ʦ»ͥԲҲֻôϫϫѾˣλְֹɣȥŲ
ϫط֣ƽ̶ԴԼ̬ͬˣжһ˿ƽƽζ֮࣬Ҳܿ׹
һУ϶Ϊ
ˣĹɡϫڵ
Ŷôˣʵ
˵Ǻ֣ܿ÷ӹһ٣飬壬һɼǵ˰̲ȫģ֮
ϫʼ磬εѾˣٴȥɾͳǳˡ
㵣Ժ޷㣿˼
˵ĵȷʵ飬һ£÷ϼһɽˣȻὫϫ޵һ뿪ǳϫĴֻ»üΪ
ʱ򣬼ƽ»ͥϵάֻҲ㣬鷳ڡ
Ҳ簲ޱ֮ǰĵʹʹˣϫָƺ
ȳϫڣ˵Ҵˡ
˵ţһһöָͷϼʼգûнһ֡
ɵϼƣɫʱ䣬ĿһƵظһĨļɵһĨ£
·һͷˮް㣬öڹȨǺεȵ졣
һӣ˽Զ̲סĿöƣҪǾǺεһɶɵģ
ϧ˿ͱ̽һץ˻Ȼϵã͸ףʲôǿԵģʲôǲܵġ
ϼɫ㱣տɬһЦ֪ߵˣⱲһسӵĻᶼã֮
ΨгϫԼʵͨΨһͨľǱ׭һӵͼԼһپ֡
ȻöƴһɽɴҲóϫףھŻɽҪΪӴһЩ
ϼΪɽŻǲʹߣڻһöƶɵģ
Ȼϼʵûٴȥ÷Ťͷ뿪һʧǵģܰɶĥģ˶ס𺳡
ǵϺ˵ɽǣһʦһӣװϼ׷ȥ
û취Ӷ⣬ϼҲɽ罵ٶʹߣܵˡ
Ƭ̹ٴα
ƽ»ͥϫĿǱòͬǾ̾ǲţڳ˺Ĭزûжʡ
ϫҲûݣΪ⣬Լ֮뿪ôҲûҪ
ܿ뿪Ҫǰɽһ֮أ˽ӻѶЩίǿɾʹӦˡ
ЩĺӵӼƽ̺ͳϫлҪ˵Ҳѡ뿪鶼ܲѣԶòãϫǿƻعϢȻ䶯¡
ЩɽٵĹǵֻ»ᱻˣϾʱ̫ˣȥŻɵܲ

ƽʦҼǵɽ˺㽵˼ɣ÷Ԫ֮ڣ
ĴУϫõɻʳ˿ڡ
»ͥϵϫʣ
ԭڳϫ뿪һʱӰƵƵ֮Уȫɶűսʱʱ̶̿дģսݡ
˵ѴһְӿľƵУһж缴ǰһ㡣
ǰľʥϲʮ֮صһƬȺɽУԵأռݣǽս𲨼˸Ĵɾ춴徹
һʱ䣬춴徹ϺʮҲѷɫĴɣȻˣɽű٣ͳ׺䶯¡
ҲľƱɷ׷ŷҪôẉ̂ҪôͽҪôֱӹرɽţǱɽ֮С
ЩСС֪׷ʮšħ£Ѱӡ
֮򶼳ֳһ󣬵ɼǨĴɼޱȵսѪȷ硣
ַľ£ɽеĴҲסˣΪɽһ磬һݣɽ綼޷в
ǣЩʮšħһ೬У׷ӭ˸еʹ
÷ϼˣɽŻɵʹߡ
ˣϫһУüͷҲǲɽû뵽ֻһʱ䣬ľƾϾ
û´֮ʮ֮أŴʥռݵĵطԼӾ֮Ѷĵط
һ뵽⣬бһھ֮ʱ֮Դ˽ڣռ֮أҪһ֮ΪŵأΪȫ׼
Ϊ֮У򶼲ڣѵĲ֮أЩѴﵽĿˡ
ˣƽʦǾ춴徹ĳˣϫ̣ǸԴľŮӣϵǳǰ˾춴徹С
ѻ٣˵в˽Ҳ춴徹յĻԻˡ»ͥȻ̾
춴徹;Żû٣һȻȻһڸΪŻƽ̵»ͥҲеһǰδеѹ
췢ɱתƣطɱ½˷ɱ췭ظЩֻССֶѣɱֻռһʱңʲôʱˣǲĴס
ͻȻϫĶϴС


876 ɽ
СͻȻڣϫһ췢ɱҵĿʼ
ǣıʣҲԴȵʱʲôӣ϶Ǻˡ

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ϫ巵ʱָֻ֡
ס׿ëСܰľ㡢ʦֻĪյˣԼĲЩǣѾ£ɽۡ
ϫȻǸ
ҹۣ֮ȼ𣬾磬Ц̣һá
մʦֻĪյ˵ЩȻʱò뿪壬ƽ»ͥĹգǲδܵί
̸ֻ÷ԪʱЩֹסĺ⡣
һжѹȥҲѴţ÷ԪѾܵ˲صĳͷҲΪһɽ競Լ顣
ΨкѩЩӣԭǱߵһ̴ӣΪĹϵűȸ˳ϫߡ
֮ʵΣȲ֮ܵˣҲǾŻ֮ˣǿϫˡ
ȻźǣһȴδõϫϿɹ
ҵǣЩû˭˿ˣûĹʱҲʲôܣһֹС
ϲİϲÿĿЦݣûйĶǣûжթֱͬԴһ㡣
Ե÷ԪͻȻ֣ҪΪūʱ׻̿ˣΪһǿߣɽʱԵòһ
ټԼεݣе˾о֮ˣȴû˻ԼһǿУ񶼼¡
û뵽ǣֹûϣûһΪԼԹ۵ģ
ҲǴһĲųҵ˹
Եųϫǿƻŭ÷Ԫʱ֪ϫΪԼɳ˸м
ֻоּȵľ󣬲Ż
ϫл㡣
ѩڹߵϫǰŵһһӨ֮Ҳ֪ǱѬģǱŴ̼ģˮҹɫԵø⽿޺ˡ
꣬һӵˣɬŮ
ϫȻ˱оƣŤͷһƳ㣬ĵͣӦòЩɽ˰ɣ
ǵãȥ·ϣʦ˵ǰϲȹЦ۾װŷ·ԶԲŮԯһӵܣһΪ֡
ڷʱҹҲΪԯĳһλһֽԼű塢˵ء
ڳϫ԰ͣԽ÷ԪˣƫƫȴûôЩˡ
㻳бŰ׿ڰСһëСϾǿĵЦݣڴŰҵǵȷǣ㳤ϣܱܲһ٣ѿ룬ûʲôʧûǼƽϡ
˵ţͻȻСգգ۾˷˵ιȻˣ˵ȥһٺòã
ϫһΣ˵ٴˣҪι
һЦ벻⣬ֻ˼Ƴһ۳ϫһֹǸǱܻģ
֣ܶϫ룬뿪ʱǸЦ֮ǰ˵һΪԪڤĹܹ׾֪̽˵Ĵɫʱһ̲סƳһ
ȻͿԷǱ޵ɫҲһȻԼһΪܡ֣һЩʲô
ϫвЩΣȴûǳⰢ˵ƭҿǸƭӣ㣬ǲԯ
һ㱻ҴķӦûУ˵ǰҿɴûƭ㣬Ϊûʹ
ϫһϸһ룬Լȷûʹ⡣
ԯһԣȻ̧ͷһƵģڰϣƺЩ졣
ѵͷȥŪ׿ˣƻȻûע⵽Ŀ⡣
ϫҲӦͨԯ֣ϳ˰ݣֻδ˵ΪҲôܵԼߵġ
ϫʹʦֻĪյˡԼάĪ櫽Զһһģ֪һгҹĲЩǣжʱĲ١
̸УάͻȻǧգñһʱЩɽȥ֮ʵսȴΪѷ´ңƵƵûôʱҺĪ櫼ǣջǴȥһ
ϫʱһɣҶɽٳɹһ·ǰϾ׼ң·;ϾϵӪ˪ӪСһĥһ
άͷҲá
ĪȴǾȵҪ֮𣿡
ϫЦţ£Ҫӭ׽ˡ
ǿҪú׼һʿɽٵ֮ΣգҪʦųһԻ޳׼ֻ»֮ǰĪ˵
ϫֵܣ;׼Ҫһ֮άˬЦʣԿɽġ
ıˣ죬Ϊ˿һѿ׼ãʣµģͿ칫ˡ
ϫ˫֣ңңͷ񷣬ȻЦ忡Ͼ㽺֮ɫԼȷ׼ãֻϦ

ҹɢȥ
ϫԻߣڣӶǿ꣬ҲǸпࡣ
ԴºȡΪͽǹȥһʱ䣬һ쾳꣬ΰǧ·;ȻִŻɵġ
һ·طѩ
ѣɱ
ϫ²ȴΪԼΪ׼һʱҲãΪºŻɵ·;УյɽԼһЩ׶֮أҪȻӵдǻ۴߸첻
Ȼǰǲ˰
Ϊˣϫǽһö޼ɷԣΪľΣʱܹһ
ȻԲδϣΪֽɷ˳ϫ
óϫһпˣ˵һϸʿڤʿֻҲһö޼ɷջ˽ֱ̲ǿԤϵġ
ûôҲ֪ǲ֪öɷļֵƾԼܾջ
ϫ²һжܹ֤Ե㣬ʺѰ츳ҲͨڳϫУһ꣬ʺԼ״ӡ
Ϊ߱һǿߵģ
ҹϫԺܶ࣬Զǡ⡷еУҲú棬һ˿һʱ⣬ҲĬĬǿУǷݶԼ;ִźϣóϫͲѡ
֪
ϫԸв߳ţһö򽻸м¼Ź֮
ٶ죿ϫЦʡ
ʲôʱ߶Ҳ١ųϫʱֻ»ɽˡ
ɽ磿
ϫ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ֪ʲôĿңңԶ񷣬˵һɽġ
ģ⣬ʱٴᣬ׵ϲӹһĨ֮ɫݺ˳ϫһۣŤͷߡ
ټ
ټָ𣿡
´طɣ
વŲ峿綣Ȫˮƣܿʧ


877 ¾㱸
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һڵӡǰݷóϫʱȴ֮ϫѱչؾޣΪ֮׼
˾е𾪡
ϸϸϫɲŲʮѣʱֻһʿ񣬾ѾҪ֮ˣ
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ҵĺֵܣˣһˣ
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ڵȻңس׶ʱһпɶ˵ˡ̧ͷңңаһۣҵǣ򽣽ϫ
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˭Ȼǵˣаֳ˭ͽаѹ˼磿ֻɱɽˡ

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߰ɣȡõ򽣣Ǿͻȥһľˣֻ»ᱻʲôߡ
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˭ϼУӶԷϸܵһɼΣյϢɶһֺ޲תӵĲ̸ֻо
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˻һ÷ϼ˫˫ɫ䡣
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벻Ȼ˵ˣЩڰ಻סҪצ̽˼𣡡
аЦȴûһ˿Ц⣬͸ŨŨıͷ


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ηõ鱨Էбţʵ൱ڵؾһС硱ǿߡ
һֻ֣ؾη֣ȴòˣΪػˮǰУΨΪߡ
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ֻϫǰһ۳ܼţǳ̺һ㣬ͷųʢޱȵϢ
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ӦϫǰٴκǱżսһ
˾ΣʽӼ򵥡һַ豹ζȴǳĴһһʽĪЮһɺƵޱȵĵϣְ˼Ұ
ֹ£Ǳž֮һ㣬޿ӣѪͷɢǱ֮
ηͻȻһɻĸооʵȵؾıţڳϫǰȴһֻϰ㣬ñͷܣֵضûС
벻Ȼһ֣СӣԸΪЧһΣ
ڴʱһ༶ǿ˺գ˲ϢִһŮӣ񻣬üһöصɫӡǡ
ŮʱηһͻԺһ˲йضԷϣҫ£⡰ϻ硱ǿߣһΪأտֲطϻ칦һ֮£ܽʮﷶΧ鶼ɱ
˵Ů˻ϻʥʺᣬŲ󿰱ı
ЩͷԺһηһȣҪɱȥܿųϫսҪǣסˣǣסһҲǺõģ
ѣĹսǡȻǰڼսĳϫͻȻŤͷһ䡣
ʲô˼
ѵΪҲŮ˵Ķ֣
ηһգǲţָоԼǸ޿صĴڣܲܡ
ϫ˵ʱҫѳɱƺУϫϮɱǡϲ֮ɱɴࡢ͸һɱİԵơ
ϫݲȣһģһƬ買ĺ۳УĵͻȻһ㣬һͽһ
ͬʱ˫лһλΪֽʵΪīķʦһ㣬ܻһ糱ˮ㱼ӿķġ
ЩģܻΪƥ컯ϳڤƣһԻ͡ƴױС
ֱǧжڷ֮Уһ֮䣬һ˿̻Ϣ
ԷͳԦֶΣɾ֮ԪʩչֶΣ֮ǿ˲ֹʮ
һ˲䣬Ǳźҫ¾ֽͬϵֻһ㣬ڷֽ׭̵ķƹ켣УƾҲ·ӣ޿ɶ㡣
ϫٴ˾ԵȨ
ˣηеһ˿ɢףǰ˱ֻеһؾΪս֮ǿȴѴﵽһַ˼ĵز
£ĸһؾǿߣܽ𿰱ȵؾǿѹס
֮ǰηⱲӶûһ
ɵվţǲЩ̫ûˣ
ηпЦҧе˲УԼΣһҪȥҪ̫ûڸˡ
ףСӺܲһ㰡
ӲˣźҫµĴܲҵһ֣һСӣȻϸһܾСЩŹ֡
Ҳá
ߣ
ಡ
һƿһһ༶ǿߺնܣ죬λ
仰˵߸ϵĽǿߣ˿ȫˣ
Ǹһ֣սϣ۵ңԾÿһƬﷶΧĿհ׵شΪ˶ȼĶԿನҪǵ
Ͼǵǿߣǽ༶ǿߣ߱Ѵﵽ˼۷壬ּ䶼һǳػ
֮Ľ棬ʵҲ岻֡
һĻηɫһӱòҰޱȣû뵽ԷѣһȻȫˣ
ղŻҧгݣĵҪȥˢһ´ڸеģɼһĻֶҡˣɫ粻
Ҫֻ֪һؾǿ߶ѣڴڻպգ죬Ĥݣڳǿеκһֱ߹һ㣬Ͳ
ģˣƴ˾һΣҲλСѹ¾սηһ˲ֹһĨ֮ɫһХҪǰ
ѣ밲Ĺս
ȻڴʱηĶٴδϫһͶסݺݳ鴤˼£кò׹Ķ־һʴ롣
ȻͿϫһˣںǿɱսƼޱȣûֵء
ҲֹǳϫǿƺΪ̫ˣȻûһ
η˫ʧᣬվ޹һֻæѣһһشڸеĻᶼ𡭡


889 һȫɱ
죬˸ޱȵԣضû
ǿߵǹƣϫŸܵһֳصѹⷴеЩοսⲻ
ڽɾʱȲһԼѧϧѪ꽣֮󣬷һϵеıʣûвʵĻᡣ
ڣǰ߸༶ǿѵĥʯ
һޱȣӰʵ൱ڵؾ֮⣬˽Զеؾս
طǳưԼĴڣǳ֣ܺɨκһһ
ڣȴϫʩչֶΣǣסǵɫҲٲҰѳϫѰ￴
ʵҲȷˣеһؾģܿסڵؾĹ⻹һ߸
Ĺ̥Ƿ֮УҲҲһ
ǵĹԽԽ
ѼԼѹ׵ķ
нԶֳͬһͷӽղǱʣձȻɳΪеĴǶЩԣһǱڵľ޴
֪λĴΪ༶ǿڣ飬ѲٹעһУһҪϫĨ
ѹԽԽ
ϫеսȴҲǽڽȷڵ۽㣬Ҫӿضٻ
Ѳ֣ƵƵʩչռŲ֮и˽նһ컯
һʱ֮䣬ؼ䣬ƥĽݺأХ糱¡¡էؼÿһռ䣬˶ĤҪѵ
Բ֮ڣʯ촷ۣľΪм񲼲һ㱻˺ѳѷ죬ظֺݺΣݺᣬѰ߲
һ羻
ǿ߲ͬϫĿռŲ֮֮£ռ֮ʱЮһˢе֮κЮоķմȾһ˿һ
֪֮ķۺεƷףųɶ̺֮ҲζţֻҪϫҪܣκηסӰ
Ψһźıڣռ̫ʱʦͨ㽫ռŲ֮գҪԲ磬ܶɹ׽١
׽Ϊ׽٣µ̺Ŀռ˺𵴡ѹֲ֮֮
ֻҪȶɹǿ߶Կռ֮վܴﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣŬһܽռ׳͸ʱŲƣ˵һ˲ʮﶼпܡ
ռͬһֺϴܴлȡؼҪԼԣЩ棬գҲѽԲ硣
̫ˡ
Ⱥͬ١컯ࡢڰһ㣬һ棬ܽ͸ġ
䣡
ҫֳһī׭ϡŹֻƵȣ綾㣬һ೯ϫ
ȵԺѶãһӶϸĴ룬ֶ£ƽϫһƬҪ
ˣϫ־һۻӿ֣𺣣гĻԷģ⡣
һҫµȱ𿪣ǶܼʱڵĻ𺣲㽫䳤ˡ
ȫնɱСƴˣ
ҫɫ䣬֪ȥսǰСһﾹû¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫԪһ㣬ȥյùĻˡ
ɱ
Ҳ緢һ㣬ݺһҧٴκϣƴȫһƴҲҪϫɱĺģ
ϫѹٴζȻûдﵽļޣЩʧ
Ҫ֪ڤʱնɱǿˣɾʵ˷츲صʱ䣬֮ǿ˺ֹ
ԷսſȵأȻռƣȴ첻κʵԵ˺
һؾǿ߾ͺˡϫа̾˿ٳɣսĥ֮սˡ
Щǿ֪ϫսʼһֱǵ˲ʵİӣҶ԰ӵЩ⣬Ҳ֪롭
ڳϫ׼ɱֵʱУͻȻƮһƬǻԣϸ룬λðĹ߸ǿϡ
Щǻã˸
Ȼһ̣ǿȴͻȻһ¶һĨ޷ľ־֮ɫ
ۡ
һƵӵн༶ʵǿߣÿһëжһѪһ̣ʧȥͷգڵ棬
һ˲ĹѣԺɨκһǿߣʹɵ
һж̫ˣ
ó󣬿ϫֵĻᶼһֱԶǷҪǰˢڸеηûӦ
ϫƬ̣ŤͷݺݳԶȥ
ȻͿƵıŰ׿Ӵܣƺ˳ϫĿ⣬ŤͷСϼһЦݡ
Ȼһ̵뿪˳ϫҰ
ϫǺǺЦľ֮ǰûﰢ㰲һɣʹԼ͡
Цǣɱ˶˸ɴ䣬ƫƫƵĿˡ
ľȻ԰ǿֲɱϫûֵĶײ߸༶ǿߣ
ˣ
ʱη͵ؾѹΪһжǳϫ鲻Щ㱣Ҳ֪Ϊûˢڸжʧ䣬Ϊ߸ǿߵ𾪡
ϫЩֵؿηһۣעɨط
ʱˮսҲѽҪĻ
סľëСܰάĪ櫡һھĲǵļ룬ƺƵʮɱɣʣµڼ߸༶ǿҲȻӴܣ̫࣬׷ɱ׷ɱ
Ҳӡ֤Ǿ仰ھԵǰĿӴĵˣҲͬݽһ㣬Ψбո¾ķݶ
ϣѱʬ⣬Ѫˮ͸أڳγһ޴ѪŨޱȵѪȾˣǺ֮
һĿĵĻ档
ûΪ˶ˮܳǽϣ˿Ǳһ󻶺ÿ϶д˽ٺ˷ܺϲá
档
壬Թ繲ͬĵˣǲб顢Ϊÿռһأض¾һǵ飬⣬Ҳ
˶ݣȴǵΨһ;Եһս漣ȡʤʱǲŻ˼˲֣Ψﾭˣ֮
սĻϫȴһɻǾǣΪɳ˺ƴĶǰ
Ҫ֪мΪͨҲؾһĻԵ֣ȴɳʮ༶ǿǰֻ飡


890 ϳС
ˮǡ
һûʵĴУҹɵƻͨʱһЦ
սݣϫܵηһߵ
䵱֪ϫʱÿж־ϲû뵽˵оŻɵһ콾ĳϫȻԼľˡ
һӣЩ߿ϫĿⶼһˣҲףһ֧صĶΪս⺷ײˣ˼Ǵͷ
ڵֻҪ̤;ˣ˭û˵ϫţ
ҪйĻԻ¼һ޶꣡
˺飬ζļʢϫˡ
ϫЩŹ֡
ЩľĿ⣬һĨ;̾׵Ŀ⣬򻻳һĨļɵĿڻëСܰʱѴһĨˡ
ϸ΢ı仯ûʲô𣬿ɻóϫܺ棬Ťͷʰ㣺ô£
һָľܼ򵥰֮ǰսУ˫ɱ˲壬ԴҾͶඡ
ľϫעԼžƱɵЦ
һԵײмʲôãСүʹ죬һնɱǧˣǲŻ˼ɵСүһ˼ɵɱһǿ̫ˡ
ľɫһЩй
ϫЦؿһĻԱ߻ëСܰԴףأ
Ƴһ۰һӢСһ£ߺǸ̬û
һ£ϫˣʰʲô
ڿһͷԵɵɵ̧ͷһ˵ûɶһһЩˡ
ٻˣϫ׷ʡ
ͷ֣һƺ׾ٲðˣ˵˵Լˡ
ϫһףʼ磬εһƴһǧ߰ʮˣдһǧƽǿߣ̫Եˣ룬ס֣ĲЩСһĻĥĻ᣿
ϫŻȻش˻ëСܰһۣЩţһ߸ߵСȻܱ˿µ
ֲЩ߿Ŀдһ˿壬ԭ˰
ηһţһжڶУ֮ǰһˢڸУûע⵽ս֣һЩСһһۣͣоЩСһĴڸжԼһǿ̫ˡ
ҺãЩ̥֮⣬ҲֻûҵְˡηаοԼһ䡣
ĿⲻһƳ˰㣬Ц˵µѣŮ𣿵úܱ°
Ů
ϫ˰һۣĸҰŮ
˵Ůѩѩ壬æտʦֻĪǺԣûиǰ
ȻڳϫУҲûѩŮˣһѪβĺᣬŮʹǿ̫ˡ
ǡϫشȴŴѣδ̫飬߸༶ǿߣɶǰɱģ
ηһʣûһ׾ȻԼ飬еʱһĨԼôҲǵǿߣô˵浱Լûڸˣ
׻еĺ䣬һžƱֶһ£Ȼʲʲô
׷˸ۣõ˵Ļ𣿡
ϫȻں֮ǰ׾ͺܽᣬںˣ˲ʲô磬ϡô˵ҲԸ
ϫûзϣҲȻûпڵԾηʱףһпˣ
һ뵽⣬оһƬκˣơɥ𾪡ţԭֻһСŮССˢһ´ڸУ롭Ȼǳһţ
ֱϯηûع֣ڳϫȺУԼĵȷȷҲκδڸˡû취ⲻԼǿǶԷ̫̬
Ҫ뿪ʱȴϫסˡ

ĴУͽɢȥ
ϫΣŰеɻ˳Щ壬ʦڣǰ
η˵Щʲôȴֱˣ˼ãɵõϢ˵˴ǰƺΪѰʲô
ϫȻ
ԡηЦҸյ֪ʱоΪϾǿ壬е֮УԲϳҲûϡ
ϫüͷ˼εѿ֪Щ徿ҪѰʲôڵʲôط
ʲôҲηüץһ忽ʹƺѰһйĵط
룿ϫչͼϸڴѰȴ޷֡
ĳǾãӦþηָŵͼһС򡱵ĵط˵سܲྫ֮Ѱ˸ҿ
˵⣬ηȻЦ꣬ĳΪлʲôؾһԵ˼̽ѰһΣΨһǱдš񹤣֣á
񹤡
ϫ˼βϵνġˣͿƺȴЩǣǿ
ȥһɣѰʲôģϲˡͻȻڣЦ˵

һ硣
ϫһ˳űٿȻ뿪ˮǡ
ˮֻʮֻҪ˵λһС޹֮⣬һ˼ĻĽҰ롣
ڴ˵ȱȴֲ޹ϢĴǷӣκ
˶ԣǳྫֹǵĹ򣬾ͳһƬأ˸̤С
㲻ʱŹ֮ǰ̽ѰҲһ뿪
ಣ
һұѹƲ㣬ڹϿա
ӲϸʵһƬߵɽԼĪﷶΧܲת꿴⣬ɭ䡣
ϫ˱Уֻ˰ƬΪ򡱵ɽ֮С

һһɽУһƬqqδϫͰ㣬ͱһһɨ⡣
˶ԣȻ㲻ʲô
ϫͷų̽Ѱãȷûʲô쳣ĵطƺͬη˵ƺؾһĻԵ֮ء
˺ܿһʯǰ
ʯΪƣһббشУ̦޺ϸ䣬ϡԿ񹤡˸ģּ
ϫȵǣּΪϣɬޱȣġħ֮ġЩƣҪԵøΪɬ
;ḻ֮֮ͱϲ
ûбͿСڵˣͻȻһЦ̽һֺֻĲϳֻĴ磬ͷԵġ
һ֣ͻ˻СԴƺʲôζԵúܸˣڰȥ
Сڣϫһ
һ֣вϳ˳ȥеСڣǧñһʱʣµľͽˣҲû԰
ಣ
һ̣СھȻһĨ㣬ʧС


891 սż
Ц֣ˣʣµֻСڵĺϢˡ
ϫü˼ãֻĴ糤ͨֺĲϳȻϣ
ǾŻһȺû޵ĵӷ֪η˳棬ͽ˰
û뵽Źȥû꣬ǵֺģȡ˸׵֡Сڡ
Ҫ֪Ͽ̫棬սߣȴѰмңһЩʶ֪ر䣬Ӳ
仰˵ܹӵһֻ̫棬ŲѰҵرؾҩȵȱ䣡
һֻ̫棬ֵ޷ҡǮһʲôÿ
ϫϵͻЩɣӵۣܹ֮측ûв⡰򡱵쳣οһֻСϳ棿
ȴСںģСȻûɳ˼УûʲôӹĲ̽ˡ
ŶСڻϫ
Ի֮һ֪ҲδӴⷽĶСҲܽʱҲЩˡ
飬ȻСϣǷ̫ʱҲĺأϧ̫ˡ
Сϫһð㶼оԻֻƾһ㣬֪жôˡ
ιҶϰ䣬ֵ൱ʮɡĴҪٽ׵ĻֻµȥɽȥѰһЩˡ
˻
ϫҲɵһֻιͺĵ൱ʮ䣿˵ϫ϶ΪԷڴţ
ɴ˻ǴӰ˵ӹˡ
ҺãС˰㣬ȻƾԼļҵףġ
ϫаҲѡ
ʱ򣬰ͻȻüЦ˷ܵߣСںʲôˣ
˵ţקסϫӣһʧ

һƬѰɽȣɽдݲƮУqqģԵüΪɭ
ɽСſһͺͺұǰתתȥһ𼱻ǵģ
ϫͰִʱͿһ龰
ұںʲô֮𣿡ϫ˵ʱüĿһɢһڹ⣬ֻұں󷽺qqһƬ󣬾ʹƬɽȣûһֵעĵط˵ˡ
ȴóһöС̽ǰ̽ұĴ򣬻һұڰ䣬̳ɢ
ұں󷽾ȻֳһŻ֣ʵڵһ㣡
ϫʱסˣ֮ǰ֮ۿûһŻ
̫ʱڵġԪ޼⡯ڻ֮У֮򷨽ơľʱܿˡ
ڴʱõСͻȻڵ˹һֱУʧû뵽Ȼڴ˵ؾȻܹ֡
һŻȻСĿϫо˵زˣǺƺƵΪ˶
УǷν塰
߰ɣ߿϶ܶ౦۾ģѾЩȲˡ
ţСĵòãϫû

ûƵģ̽һץͰԪ޼۶Ż˺һѷ죬Цڣʲô
ϫ˴СⶫΣ𣿡
˵һɵ³Сشĺ飬ǡһķ񣬲κθء
ϫǽס鴤һ£а̾˶Լǹ̥ɺͰһȣֱС׼װ
ʱ򣬰̽˽ȥ
ϫ΢΢ԥһ£Ҳ̤һŻС

һɻɫʯ֧ţһʮÿһִޱȣаɣŻ㣬ɽ£ܵƺеӨ硣
¡
ϫһִڴˣһԵĴǽںȻѿһӰٳӿŻɫĹâһնϫ
ϫüͷһһڰлһĨ޵Ļ⣬ɫӰ
꣡
ǻɫӰͷ­һն䣬ڵϡ
ǾȻһľͷ­˫ͫǶҫųɫâĲʯâ𽥰ͬʧȥ
ܣ
ϫĿϣͬľʵģ洩һɫϸ۰ףغÿһؽϣֱ˴ˣ渲ǵļһ㡣
ȤȤ㱳˫֣ǿܵʬ忴ͣ۾ģʲôһ
ⲻǿʲôֵעġϫ̲סʵ
ͨղһ߿ܵʵȷܲʿˣվһ߿ܰˣƺֵðĿѵǰûܣ
ⲻͨĿܣǹʦΪԼսż
ڵϣָ絶ͷһͽ¶ڲ㿴սżоѨϡе
ָ㣬ϫſⱻսżĶڹȻܲһľѨϣ󶼲Ʋ
ǡλãȻյģϸ֪ܷлһ˿ԪϢ
ϫʱһ˿ܺսżĲͬ
֪֮ʵͻޡ൱ϸϽǿʦġ󷨡ɵһֹߡ
ܾͬһ㣬ֻҪ㹻ʯڿʦĲٿκ飬սɱУǶ˲赹ˮԶԡ
˲ͬǣܲʶȫܿˣ޷ԽǿĿܣõľԽ󣬲ٿѶȾԽΪҪΪǿʶΪ֧š
ʮ֮УھһԿܡء󷨶µĳţĿܣܹ͵ǿ߿⣡
սżͬȻҲǱԸɣڻоѨϡȵڣ֮
ճϫֶȻԶУӵԼʶ
Ȼһ̰ʽ⿪һϵսżͷ­ָһطսż꣬üģʶΨһڣʶһΪӻ񾧡ı￪ٶ
˵⣬һЦСʱսżϧٵˣû뵽Ȼܹ
ϫװΪζԴ˽⣬̲סʵΪҪȥ
һʦĶΪݣȻûȥˣץǿɾ鷳ˡʼ磬˵
壡
ϫԺ绮һ㣬ʱȷʦڵع϶Ϊ˴˵ض
Ⲣص㣬صͻȻʦ˵Ļ岢壬ʵҲˣΪͳֱ֮硣
˵ؾȻսżյĶɴӲ֤ʦ˵ǿѨˣ


892 ؼ̨
ʦ
սż
һУóϫ˴˵صĲ֮
߰ɣӦòֹһսżսʵ̫ûʲô;վӣ쳯ǰȥٲȻѴ˵صѰԹ
ϫ룬Ǹȥһһսżˡ
Դ˹Ȼָƣ٩٩̸
˵ʦһصְҵǵʽҲһʿȫͬ
ʦսżǸʹãԼʹãĹˣڻδʱͻгΪһսż
Ӥ٣ᱻʩչһطֱӽӤǳӡսżУԭᱻ
ӤͽսżΪɳ
ȻڹһУҲκ˶ʸսżģֻһС꼫Ϊǿ׳ˡҵλ߹Ĺ˷ִ
ѰĹҪսżΨеԼʱŻԼԼսżʱսżѾһ·Ϻȡôɾ͡
սżҲżΪܵĲ裬ľ׭ơءΡ顢ӡꡢġŸ衣
ÿ趼żΪ̵Ҫ
ľѡ־Ѳϣսżǡ
׭ƣطսżƳ硢Ѩϡȵڲ١

ֱ񣬾սżУˣһսż
Ŵ裬ܹ֪սżͿܵĲͬˡ
սżķʽҲΪأֻ轫龧Һһıڣھͻһֻر仯ķʽΪеԪ
ʿԣʽɸҲףϰʲô巨ޱȡ
հ˵սżҲи֣֮ؼսżġľ׭ơ׶Ρ
ľ֮õӣһսżԺȡõĳɾ͡
׭ƣǾѨϵĲ֣ʿϣ˹·ˣֱӰսżǿ
ȻͬսżǿŲͬã𵽹ؼõģɾǰ衣
һУóϫԼھ֮ʱΪھѨ֮׭̷Ƶ龰⡰׭ơһž˵֮
Ψһ˾ò̵ǣսżӵʶǻۣȴǸ޸ɱе
ƲƲ죬˵ԭͳһϣȫսżں֮ʶ֮оͲپ߱ɱ¾Ӷᣬĵġ
ϫԣûɷһĨ㤵ĸо⡭
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ҲóϫԼоҲΪͳ˷УŻᱻݣͽ硣
Ȼʦһ壬ֻеһ֧
Ҳѿ׳ĵͳȷ޷̵ģϾ壬ԶȻ
սżĴڣһɣǸûһ
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ȻʵǷˣϫԼҲȷţϾҲͷһսż֮
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ӴȻǸ߽սżʵڤʿˡһЦ̽һģǹ磬¡һսż촷ۣҶ档
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ϫһĻҲ΢΢һУо̾ѡ
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ͻȻ˵ιҸϷ
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СӹҼҵģϫǶס鴤һ£Ȼһ̣ͼһĵĻ档
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ָоǧһ˲ͻҷ׳֮
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ϣѶѻ˺һмսżʬǶɣȴѾѿʬǵģ
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ϫ֣㻯һĨ磬ٿȻִǧɸ̨֮ϡ
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ƽ̨ԼĪʮɷΧȼһԻ棬بŲ𣬳֮⣬һʯ̨еĺӣǴʯ̨á
ʯ̨һ࣬һսż߳ߣڼףϸ۰ļƬȫͷϴһͼ򵥵ĺɫͷֻ¶һԽյ۾
һɶǹԿ޳𪡢ȴ͸һɳĸоȻһֲַɱϢ
һۿսżϫоһĪĸоһ̣ǰڼ׺ڿսżͻ۾һ


893 ֮ҫ
߶ǧɼ̨֮ϣ͸ɱϢսżΪر𣬾ͬĻһ㣬Ѱ˼Դݡ
һﵱսڹʦһֻ²ˡϫ˼
ʥ䣡ѽǹʦһߴУڽԶսżĵͳţô
ʱ򣬰ѴĺӣȡһöƴСͨӨСսżһͽסһ
ʦһߴУϫʱע̧ȥֻСսżһ״̬ĿģһƬȴ׭ܵһȥ񿴵һƬǺӰ㡣
Ϊ˵ǣ޾µţСսżӨӨ⣬ȾɢһɶصϢ
ǡʥ䡷ڵľӡڣǿľ׭ơءΡ顢ӡꡢġŸ趼Уƺ̺
û뵽û뵽ײѰһ󱦱
ϫ̲סʵⶫܱ𣿡
ݺݵͷһģ󣬵Ȼжһ޶Ķܲ𣿡
˵⣬ȴЩйƵƲƲ죬ֻǿϧܲеķţ򱻷ˣҲҪꡣ
ϫȻȻװ˼ȵͳѱ磬Ϊݣһ֣ȷǲ롣
ȴûɻ䣬Ҫ֪ҲѱΪˣϵƷҲ󶼲ܹ֮ڡ
ڤ¼аʣ򽣡ͼƬȵȣһй¶ͻɱ֮Ľ
Ҳơ
ϫֽ̽СսżУбʶһ̽Уʱһ嫵硣
ƬУȫɫɫսż֮࣬ˣޡһЩϡŹֵսż״ġ״ģеǹһġȵȵȵȣֱǰУóϫҲǴ۽硣
Щսżʵģһ֯ɣܹڲһ΢֮
ÿһսżϣһн˵Ĺ֣עõġַԼط
ϫŹͨһսżԺжʱһɬޱȵ֣˲˸ȥսż
ˣڳţ϶ǹʦһĴ֮ӵƵĵͳš
ϫջʶСսżϣ˰˸֡񹤣˸ϻɬּ
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ڴʱһɱĺը죬һƵľһ㡣
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ϫ۾һУȻսżϸܵһ˿ѹ
һ׽ߵıˣιһսҹ۲죬Ӧúܲġ
һ󱦲Ƶģ۾֮һԾˡ
֮ҫ裡
ԳΪ䡱սżһ
һ̣ɶņ̀𣬺һһʽնըѣ𵴿һȦȦĿռ

ڼ׺ڿġ䡱Ųһ̤棬ǹ񶯣ɫâ⣬籩е滨ţЮһɴɱţʷϢϫɱ
һ˲䣬ϫǰһƬĿǹӰ֣ʹа֮࣬ʶתַ٣նȥ
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սżȻŹ֡
ϫеĺһ±ȼˣսӿӭȥһԣºڿļһʵжǿˣ
ʱӰֱֳֳǹһɱս㣬Ю纣֮ƣɱ
ʽ򵥡ֱӣûκһ˿ı仯ɱȴǿֲ֮֮ն飬촷ۣһХ֮
ԶԶһ˾ͬһڵ磬Ʋ񷣡
ϫȻݣ֪ѪսȻսĥ³սֶΣϴȥ豹棬򵥵ĸǹУԶΪɱ¾飡

߼սһ𣬱âزãǹӰ꣬սϣƴռ䣬߽֮ء
ͳϫ˲Ʋͬ˲ԵüΪ׺ֱ˺뿪գкֱײɴ֮
ԽսϫԽǾ̾ڹʦǿ󣬾ܽսżʵӵ˿ֲطֱ
ȻҲΪơޡĲȴòϣսżĴڣȷѳƵǹˡ
ߣսżѲƷݣһȫµϧȴһΪɱ¾ӶΪݣ֮ģ֮⡣
֡꣡
սУӰһ٣ٿȻһĨɫ磬гǹת֣һɫĵ绡УͷųذĿֲϢ
һ֮ǰΪֲƺҲʩչɱУκβǰôнصļһ
ʹ˰˳ΪһսżԺˣ
ϫƮ裬һХգһĨǧɵ컯ϲԽٶµһ⣬֮
飡
һǹ֮ɢҲĵ˳ȥÿһ£̤һݵĴӣ㵹ʮоͰݴʮӣɼܵĳ֮ˡ
ա𣡡Ȼȴûʹ֪ηΪ㣬һվˣڴһǹɱ
ˣٴͻٵⱦˣǿɾ̫ϧˣ
ʱͻȻһĨǻԣתһȦԷһֱӾͱһǹƿյƣ˰ա
ϫΣЩͷۣһǻսǻû´οɲԲҪϹˣ
ϴնɱ߸彫༶ǿʱͱͷǿһţָôһɨˡ
ιڰռء
ֹһ˸Ťͷ䣬˳ң
֮ҫ裡类ڱе㣬Ŀûκεη壬˵ûκεĸ鲨
˳ң
֮ҫ裡Ҳ
˳ң
֮ҫ裡

һһظŸԵͬһ仰ԵúܹŹֱ֣ɣóϫǶס鴤һ¡
ôнֵ
ͬôֵܾ
һⰡ
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894 Ӱ
һ·ӹ߳ϫԼߵİ㣬вЩŹ֡
һϷĶԾľա
֮УϫĶ˳һĴݲУֱʱϷ·ڻص仰
һǡ˳ҡ
һǡ֮ҫ衱
ϫʵں󣬰ĺͼ֣Ȼĵһսż˳ʱ䣬˵Ļһֱظš
Ϊ˷ָǣƺϣֻһԴϵľܾϡ
Һã޾µţҲںԼԿ֮󣬽һҲĴձ졣
Ľ緢̧־ͽһ߰ƴСսżڼ׺ڿɱ
հ˵ԭʼ̬Ǽšʥ䡱СսżСһģһȴսżԵüΪͬ
ΪԵø߽ףҲͨ飬Ҳ֪ʲôɣһսż
ΪҪʵ޾ţѱüΪɾȻܷӳ൱ڵؾսɱηٲȻͬΪɱ¾е㡣
ϫʵںȫʢʱڵ䣬ָжǿ

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δ֮Уһʦһġʥ䡷һ߹Źֵսż䣬ཻڴˣϫĵȴľơ
ƵƵûУҵһֶ̽طŻ޼ɵȳһ㹥ԵأǳءѪս֮С
ľȥͻͬǻԭһ㣬ɢ򣬵ʱֻƬɽĺ嫴½Ϣе鶼ɱһ粨֮С
ʱѪȡɱ¾Ϊ½ɣܱ⣬ҪôսҪô޹ֻ¾Щˡ
ϫһ·񣬴ûԼӵпʱ黳ҲӲˣһְӿľƣɳġ
οͣҲܹˮ֮С
ΨһģƾԼһԤĴԼߵˡ
綯ף컹δɱ˼ȴѾˡ
ˣ硢ɽ硢ڤظֻ¶ͬаӿֻƵ
һĶ˵ȷȻ̫ҲС˵֮£ʥݽ棬ħϣѡ
꣡꣡
УһĽ˳ϫ˼Ťͷһԭصʱøˡ
ѻƴС䣬һһϣһھ׽ʳڳԶҲΪֱͦΣɱûκθС㡣
ϥأ˫СЦ䣬۾ģһСĿģ
ס׿ëСܰԵú𾪣Ŀɿڴؿ䣬ƺϾȻбԼܳԵĴڣҿζ˹Ź֡
ԳϫԣһжҪҪǣǼǰҪģ
Ȼֻһͨòͨɶκһǿ߶ԣǲɶõȴιһʳ
һĻϫĻˣ
ʱͻȻֱӣ˫۱أһ὾ǰҲԹûʲô˵ġ
׿Ҳƴ˵ͷ˵ҲԹһ
ëСܰͷһѵûأζóô
ԥһ£ɫָֻѳԣĥݡ
׿ԣæͷƨƵġ
ëСܰȴܲţָ䣬Եĺ֡
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׿ͰݺݵͷһԴƣģ
Ҫʲô
ϫ̲סһ߹Ǵмһ޷ְʳ˷Ϊ
һֱȥԹ˵ͳҪһ鼶⼶ζء
ԣ˷粻ȷ״̬Ĩɱˣ
һ׿һëСܰҲһԶʱĳϫһҩͰڱߵıԵ
С໥һۣĬҡͷûʲô
ϫŶһɫȴǰ˿СԼ̬ȣд͸ģǿԭµġ
ϫ죬ٸһٲɾʧһߴɱʱ򣬰ȻаС֣۾ȴһֱ䣬Ѿ콫ǱɽԹˡ
ϫɫʱ̡
ĿóȺڴƺĲҲûһȺȡ
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Ȼ󣬴һĴ죬óϫĶҪѪҧ뵽ЩС쵰ôܴôӲ

ڳϫ뿪á
֮УƬֵɽУٴӭˡ
һǸߴ࣬ܲһ̺۵꣬һڵָۣ׶ϢǸ΢ЦȴԵüΪ̡
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ǿվұǰǱ˺ѵġԪ޼⡱˰̷һĨ̵ɭȡ
Ƚȥ˵ɣֻϣﻹڡŮɺĴͳһ㡣
ûͣ·ٷɳۣһ·ϲʱܿɢսż˵ɫҲԽԽ
һƬڣѻĺһսżʬѱ˻ٵǧɸ̨˵ĿвƵӿŷŭĻ棬ȼա
ಣ
ǿԲģӰڷ˸ϸѰ֮һѵʯ̨ǰפ㣬˰ŤһţԵ쳣ɲ
սżȡˣΪؼǣȵԱѪġ֮żҲˣ
Ǵӵйγһ磬䱩嵽˼¡
ǸʦڳҪѹγѵΪе𣿡
ŴսżʧʱǺŮӲ⣬ɵ֮żҲʧʱޱȵնʱһƬ
Ӧ뿪áͻȻñڿкݺ˼ڣȻ۾ãŻȻۣζ
һˣŮӷʡ
ֻһ˵ζΪϡֻжϳԷսǿº͵൱һºͣϣ²˳٣׷ȥǿֶ飬ʥҲˡǵģ
µ£ȴҪƨɣŮŮջֹ˼䣬ջǸȥ
ৣ
Ƭ̺˺գ˲Ϣʧ


895 ʵ

Уϫչͼһ΢ɲطһĨ֮ɫʱִܵϾɽˡ
ֻҪᵽϾɽԺеһӦϾ׼ңԼ⺷ײеս
ȻϾ׼ҵĻӡ
ϫĬĬһ£⣬ʱִϾɽ¾ǰĻعʱˣһ뵽ˣƽ
Ϊֻм磬Ҳζ֪ܵĸϢԼһһԭ
ˣҾȻ㣬Ұʵ޸˵ؾԺ˭ʹ˭ûУ
֮ҫ裡
УĶԻϫü̶죬ͳȥ߼ǰһļ޸䣬ķ˴ȥһսż
Ҫ֪߼ļֵκһԼˣ
Ȼ񣬿ɲԸ˳ӣóϫҲЩգ߼ѵˮƯˣ
һ£ϫվӣǰҪҪҶְæһ£
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ȻӶŵرԣʹطٻ֮żɱЩ
ǺŮӼе˵ʱ˫жаɣ£Եϸ罻Ȯݰľ״淺Ѫɫ
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ŮӼһһնǹϣͬʱӰˣű̺ܿĿֲƾһǹ࣡
㻹𣡡ŮӴС
ˣᣬʩչطȴʧЧˣֻ֤֮żѾȫԷˣɱԷһжǰ״
ǱԵĿӿŨڵĺɫӳĵ˰ɲ
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Դȴ֪һڳǹָأ׼͸һֱָĵĶ֮
߼սһⷽԲʮ֮ضʱһƬսɽ촷ۡݽߣضһƬ֮С
Һã˵һƬҰɽ֣鲻࣬ǻطһսನԻһǳأ
ϫβңңעսȻ༶ǿߣº֮·磬ѹƶԷļơ
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ǰжǿҲĿǰ˵ǿʱˣΪҪǣǱ޷ֻҪһֱȥֻԽԽǿ
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սڼײƣԺ͹λ༶ǿߣĨɱĻᶼûС
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ˣʤܵ˱˵ľ塣
άĪ櫡ĲЩǣĿ޲¶һڶǿߵء
Ȼǲ֪Ҳ֪Էֻһսż
ϫҲûǣϾĴڼֱһɣΪݣһֻ֣ԼҲҪܲˡ
˵սżȫֻͬ²ɱ˭ֲڲϵܡ
ˣڳϫԽ֪Խá
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ҵһˣСһҵһ䣬׼ҿв˺޲ɱ㣬ɵСһЩȻǷǳӭϾ׼͵ġ
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޲ɱңϾ׼ҵϿɣƺԼô˳ˡϫૣĿȴƽ͸һ˿ζ


898 Щ
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СվڴͷĬĬ䣬е˫ȭ߬ţָģʳһѪ飬ȴǻȻ
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άĪͬһԲضЩĲУ֮ǰһԾֲ̫δܵʵ˺ǵȴܵ˲ʱ޸ֻ»
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Ҳܼ򵥣ǽ񹂡񹂡ޱ񹂡׻񹂡Ĵ׭С
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ΨƺΧһжȻ
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Ϊϫû¶κεļɵء˷ܡƽüֱûκθһ㡣


899 
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ڴʱһ羪װĴϿȵϴǺֺ꣬ǧٻɽһ緢
һʱ֮䣬Բǧ֮ڵ໥Ħӿ𵴣췭ظһ̣ǧӿ̤ɽһ㡣
ܴӰ죬ϫһݣԶ·ȥ
ֻǵϣһһʯɵ䳡ǧĶΧʱһ˽ýӰ䡣
ЩӣڣϢǿʢߺХ֮䣬һͷͷ͵Զް㣬⺷ױȵ
ղһװĺЩ˷̺ս⣬ЩĲӰ죬Ѫȼ
ΨгϫάĪ櫡׵ˣδӰ죬Ͼ䳡ϵһа׼ҵӣʵǿߣҲΪӰ쵽
Ͼ׼ҡսΪҫɴ˾Ϳɼһߡ
ֿʼֺУ˵ٴˣ㲻ҵҰҲðᣬϧ׼ҵÿλǰƨɣ˵ʲôʱܲث֣
һЦͻȻ𣬰৵һһоųߣһСɽĴ󺺵˰׹ǰ
󺺳磬Ŀ⾫âӿ¶һֽɵļ⣬̺űըɢһǿơ⺷Ϣ
ϫУϳˣ֮ǰ׹ԼСĵ֮һأ
ӵеؾΪߵħһתΪ֮ͽ˺һͷؾıױԺսǿ֮
׹϶ǣһͷȫƥç򣬻ֲ֮ͷԼ򵥡
ʱ򣬼ǰس֣Լث֣ð׹ϵɫʱһǳأϽÿ
صĽ˶˫۱أյһԾâ¶۾ɨųϫһˣȻûһ˿õ˼
ǾĲһʱصüͷһһĨײɫ
ȻߣǲС
غٺһЦָųϫһˣΪϾ׼ҵϱóʵǹأذҸ
׹ɫ࣬ô˸žͰͲסˣأӾٷˣŰҪ㣡
عһЦ¶һѩ׷ݣмŰ׹ϣҲ㣬ҴɱھʰˣֻڤΪҰǵǿߣҲֻ̫ң
׹ɫ粻Щ㲻Ѱͷһçô˼ˣѵ֮ǰչָԼĶǼ
ŶһķʵϫͻȻڡ
Ȼǡ˵⣬ǴϾһĨƻ֮ɫ̧һָЩĲ꣬ǺµЩǴһܣֻҪӮˣҰһأˣٺ٣˼Ǵȥɣ
ϫüͷ壬û뵽ػѡоĲΪ֣ѵԷԼʵĿԼߵϣ
׹غȵأ֣ô𣿡
˵ţŤͷϫϫϿɴûҪȨȻǣֻ轫Ϳˣǧϵ
Ŀ絶Ӱɨ˰׹һۣЦû뵽оһث֣
㡭׹ûͷԼ򵥵ç̫費ˣĪڰָ
飡
ڴʱϫͻȻǰڰػûüӦ֮ʣһȭ丹ǿ񱩵ؾΪԲ乭ϺһŶ۵ñϺɫ
ͻıʣڳ˶һЩųϫ˵־ͳ֣ȫơ
ϫȴһѰ飬ҴӦˡ


900 ȭϥ
۵ŤһţоһɿֲȻԷƵ̬ۣһ׶ӰݺԼڣƾԼصΪ޷ʱڻ⣡
û뵽ǣƾԼսֱȻ͵Ϯɹˡ
ͻıʣŭԴϫѿڴӦҲԸٽܡ
Ȼ͵Ϯɱ㣬ٴӦ
ŭһ֮һȭϫҶһȭŨҵĴ壬ɽ˺յһ㣬ֱ촷˼䡣
ϫܣ̽һץܻױУһȭϤ⣬۰һƾβֽԷ˦˳ȥ
䣡
飬ӴСɽһƬһƬգڵӡһ޴ι֣̳ɢ
˵֮ǰϫͻȻһȭ㲻жʣôһȴӲӲĶԿӮɣƵģͰѰظҽ˵档
䳡Ϸһ󾪺Щİ׼ӵ۾Щŵط֣⺷ײеİؽϰȻһˡ
̬
׹ϴҲסݺݳ鴤һ£Ͼ׼ңؿһеˣƥɾǿߣһ֮䱻ϫܣð׹ҲЩܲˡ
͹Цŵظ·أ˵ͷţıñ˵ǹʹڳͷ˰ɣ
Ӳ
¡һ飬ʩչأһ˲ѻɸߵľˣأһ鼡һСɽƵ͹ɢ񱩵ĺɫ֮Ӵ˵߳ħ㣬졣
ŭһɽʯը飬ƲȻɢ˷ƣд޾ķŭɱ
ؽϰŭˣ
䳡ϵİ׼ҵӵĿһӱÿǶһطŭţ㣬µ˼¡
ڴʱһƬӰٿȻڸأڳ˵ӰУ̧ͷ鶼ò
ֻһͷǧɸߵľܣ֪ʱ֣ȻŽӲӵԣضһƬڱصӰǴͶ¡
ʵ̫Ӵˣɾ˵İǰһͯ㣬ûһ˫ϥǸߣ
һͷܣ
ƽ⣬˫۳ſܽ˫ȴ֮
ΪҪǣɢϢֲն˰ֱѹֵЩ䳡ϵĵӿҪ
ǣ
ϵķŭһĨȻȡһǰľܣԼһȻҪ̬ȥһͷĸ߶ȡ
ͷܣȻǰ
ȻԵɵɵģ̬䣬ɲŭ
֮ǰʥѹƵһĻкܲˬܱܷŭҪǣоܶԲס㣬Ϊָ˺ܶóԵģȴһæûϡ
ǰ֪֪һǻŭ޴й
ԣƳϫʱ̲סеķŭһ־Եĸ߶ȸǰ֪çײ࣬УǰѶԷһͲ
ɣ޴࣡
һε𵴰˻Ұ䳡Щ׼ӵһɫףڲѡ
ǣֳĶٴӢϿȡУȴ˹ע߰㣬ĵģһƬ
ȻʱϾ׼£Զ˳ϫĵ֪һйϿɺͿ飬Ϯ
һͷƣʱò͵Ҳһӣһȭʹ˰ϥǡ
ȷϥǣĸ߶ѡӲƴĻҲֻ԰ϥΪͻƿڣһĻȴ˹졣
ȻȰش򵽰ϥǣһֻ޴ޱȵŽӲӵԣ¡һһƽĽ˵С
ָоһľ׮ӱһشҽ˵ػһ涼һ𶯲ݣʯм
Ӳ
زħĵؾǿߣˣֻѱһĳһ̯⽴
ȴǺ㣬Ӵӣһŭ𣬾ҪӴѷվӡ
飡
Ҳ񫣬ˣһƻ£Ǿ޴ͷ­ð棬ͱһҽ˵֮¡
Ӳٴŭ
飡
ðͷӭһơ
Ӳ
飡

һֱһֱȥ龰һͷŭҪ棬ȴܱ˸һҽһ
˳ʯǺȻǹ졣
ܰһؾߣм֮ûУǾָܵжֲ
ǻκһĵǿߣֻӬһһ˰ɣ
ģ̬
׹ֽסһֿڣһλɸߵľˣһͷǧɸߵľһһƵĽ棬ǿҵӾˡ
ϫ׵ȴɫ糣ëСܰʵδչ¶˶϶򵥡
Ͼһ̫żдĶһֻϣԲԳԴˡ
ӡǵ֮£ٴδǷŭޱȵ
һٴ£ֻε;ϾȻֹΪԴһᣬ°ĭ˹ȥ
Щ䳡ϵİ׼ӵܼˣû¶κη壬෴ȥе𺧲̸ĿУ¶ŨŨս⡣
˶ǣǿ飡ǵˣʵʵţ׹ϼˣվӣȳ
һ£Ŵ˰׼ӵжֵ뷨ֻеսȴһҲûȴ
ɡ
ϫˣҲǰпϾ׼ҲսƵĹϼ壬ÿ˵ѪзƽԶѪҺ
أǰЩİ׼ӵܣԶˡ
ҲһֲָеսļͣϾ׼ܹƬ½ϣ˸Сɣ
ڻ֮ǰȴǽǰһѴӵץ˳Сķ˵ϣŻԭΣسϫߡ
ˣϫఢë׵СԴĶֵء
Ƕ֣ǵˡ
Ҳ֪ûԴܺЦˡ
һΣҪǰߣ˫۱أ˰һۣǺܲⰢֵĻᡣ
ޣ֪֡˵Ļһ˿֮ǰƥģ
ˣ׹̲סƳһ۲żߵףѵСһһڳϫı̬
Ҳû;ĲǶԿˣڰ׹ϰ£ϫһ˺ִܿӭúס
ΨһóϫЩźǣʵþĲǺϾ׼ҵӽһԿĶսа󣬵ֻҪѧϰϾ׼ҵսҲˡ
ܲĶ֣Ѿҵһ˿սˡڳϫһ뿪䳡ãӰٿȻ䳡Ͽա
˵ˣһƯһۣͷмһִıӣԺ¶һͥ͸һĶ


901 ɽ

һѪȶɳǿߣòۣΨһӡ̵ľһƯһۺһͷɴִӵͷ
վԭأ۾˼ڣϷһĨ֮ɫܴ̼һ㡣
ǿζþûмڴĶˣɱӦûҺܿܡ
һۣһͷĶߣͫɢһѪĹ
̬
ڰԱߣһ綬һĴ׳һ͸°ͣٺЦ˵ҵҲͦڴСӽ֡
¶ĲʱڴһĨŨŨɱ
ϫһϳⰫִ׳꣬а׍nؾǿߣƣʵ顣
ôϲŰɱֻ֣Ҫϵĵˣֻһ֡
ŶһΪ㶢ͷܡ
ƳһԵİ׍nһۣ˹˵
ߣҿûεĿģһͷܶѣȻ˳ϫǧְ취ԸѱΪҵսҲǸѡ񡣡
׍nЦ˵һĺģ
ҵġ
ͻȻϴһͳ͸һ˿ɵ⼣߲ĳӸĽĦ̶ȴ˻еڡ
ԣͰ׍nһۣЩΡ
˵һŮӣһͷѩʣոһڵߣֻ¶һա
һɱѪĽȴû˸ҺĴڣһϮ쵲£ƽһļµС
׺磡
һɱ˫ȾѪȵŮޣͬʱŵؾΪϾ׼˶ֻ֪Ҫľ˭û취ȥı䣬Щ߲ҲУ
ðɣ֡
ɫָܿȻңңԶӭж֮䣬Ҳòنһ䣬ҪսҲҪĨɱϫ

Ͼ׼ҵӭвʧ۲֣װΣһɴ⺷ķ
ϫվԼͥԺУھһУʵӿǳС
һϮӻƵ۵ĵڶϥǺ֮£ݺͲ򡶲䡷˵ӳϫ뿪Żʱڶһֱ¡
лŲɽߴУбв벻ƥսʽ
񣬵ڶѽʽ߰˰ˣܱղȫӳģֻʽѡ
һжԴڳϫԲƿػδԲδִɵزĲƣֱӳ˲ʽƿء
ϫУࡢ˰١컯һັϵ⣬ĳԣҲһһϦ֮佫͸
һˮĥҪջ֮á
ʵ϶ԣѱ߽ʡ˸ʱ䣬Ϊӵͱȵĵڶӵʱ䷨ޱȵǳ硣
ֻҪڶв򣬽ЩԲزҲֻʱˡ
ϧڶٳδӦڽɾ֮ѵڲϣ
ϫǳջ˼ü
ڶľѪͨ۶ɣһְ㣬;ϣȴߵĴħ
ЩڶѽΪڤԲ磬ȴٳٸӦڽɾʱ֮
ָоһ
Ҳԣڶͺҷͬһһ壬ȻѶȹ٣ֻѽڶڡֻҪΪ۵£ͲøӦ٣ڶɿ֮
ϫ˼Ƭ̣㲻ٶ룬µڶ޷ɾҲжźҪؿֻҪӵвͣƴ־㹻ˡ
ţ
ڴʱϫһ̧ͥԺ֮⣬Ŀ䣬ƿؿռ䣬ֱ־ʮء
ʶУ˲両ֳһĨѪɱٻӰ

ϫɫָԼԼһ˿âţ֪ڻ֮ܰ󣬵ڶԼִˡ
ӰմӭеִգͿ׾Լһִˡ
ԣӦغӭ֮⣬͵ȶǰء
ʶһ㣬ϫ߲ɷһĨ֮ɫȻ֪ǻëСܰףʵΪı뿪л̫ķŭ޴й
뵽㣬ϫʵҲܲܣȹŮ㣬ͻȻԼģԼеһ֡
ϲЦµĴŮʱ۽ľ飬װŷ·ԶԲĸ
ڵӣϵǻЦס׿ľάĪ櫡ԼЩĲǣԶϲһ
ȴ뿪ˡ
뿪ͬͻȻ˶ֲ˵һлл
ԯ㣬ϣ´μʱŹʥʵͷϫһĿŲԶ
һϮ£ѩƮİ׺羲ǵɢһɱζ
棬ŵס
󷽣ˣֱǰͰ׍n˲ûжֵ˼ԶǱߣӦΪ׺
ʱ򣬰׹ϡάĪ櫡ľҲѶڳϫһ࣬Դ
Ҫҵ·
׺綢ףڣͳһ˿ɵ˻һܡ
кβɣ
һϮ£СϾɱ֮ɫȻֻмߣȴһƥĴʹС
㲻ҵĶ֡
׺ҡͷƽ޼ڿ֮⣬ڲһʵ
أ
˵ʱӰһٿȻѻһͦεֱ꣬ü罣ɢһޱȵƣֱ嶷
һɲǣ˷ƿһʣչ¶âҪ񷶼ͱһ
ޣ
׺ԭƽһˮĿٿȻԼǱȼս⣬ڽ֮ĸӦһּϲս̬
ϵһ׺жһͬʱһѩ׷͵رֱһٲƮ񷣬ɢһļµѪ⡣
Ľ߶֣жָۣϾӡһ㰵ɫİ߲Ѫһ֣ǽɢϢͽ˺һĺۼһƼ̶ı
ǿһ
ڳ˵֪
ڰ׺޳ʱǱƻһ㣬¾âͲסҪѪˡ
ɽ죡׹һû뵽δս׺ȻԼΪ
ɽȾѪϾ׼ϴһױӡһ㰵ɫ߲ѪһڽµĴΪҲɾ磡
֮£ʸӡɽ֮ϡ
Ľأ׺ִɽʵƱˡ
ĽҵĽӢƥСһƬƽش


902 ϼ
ĽҵĽ
԰׺һλɱѪĵɾŮǰ˵һ仰Ҫô֪ηҪôӵгĵ̡
ڰͰ׍n׾֪η
ڳϫ˿ױǸ佾Ĵڣ˵Ļ֮С
ڰ׺УһĪˡ
߷һĨȣڷűߣ¶һḬ̃ζ
ǾһԣǷʸ˵仰
ϣִɽٿȻһĨ쵶ʵƥյһ⣬Юһɭƥƣȥ
֮䣬ԭֻǧɾ룬ɴ˿̣һǧɵվһ鲼һ㣬һâݺ˺Ѷֱ׶ȥǰǧ֮һɲǣ
̫ˣ
ˣֻ¶ӦͻᱻѸͣ˲ư٣ƺѽȫһУͷųϢԵüΪֲ
һɫȴΪָһһƲʷͻȻһĨȣ׼ޱȵشϮɱһ㽣âϣδ֪һ㡣
飡
߶ײرһ˺ҧĤը죬۶ܿм䣬һɿֲĻȻɢ֮ʮն飬γһļµյش
׺Ͱ׺פ룬ߵĶţá
һδֳߵͣ
Сһ֪ˣӦѡΪ֡һƯһۣдһ˿Ȼһ˿ܡ
ֻһѣ׺ʵδֳ׍nЦ˵һ㣬ȻΪǰ׺Ķ֡
С׺
ļҵˡޱ
һ̣˼ĬطּֿĬسײһչһĶǵļɱ
һ۷彣֮ĶԾ
һнɱ֮
һ޽Ͷ㣬Ī̺С
ˣԽ֮ʽ䶼ƥ˼£ɾûзһײеɱȴÿľ
͡
УʱĽХ֮׺žУһսкεȿһ㡣
綨䣬ɽġ
ⲻʱɽһƽƿ֮ĵֵ߽ĿֲϢײ
߽һɲǣʤֳ֮ʱ
ǰ׍nǳϫǣ˵ĶĿս֣Ψִκϸڡ
׺ӵеؾΪȻѶɹ׽٣ٿƮȥ˲ưĽΪϿѽռ¯ĵز
ĽһĨֲɱ⣬ɢŴɱ¾⣬ǴʬɽѪĥ¶
ټеľױɽ죬˶ΪսɱΪĿŮʣǿĲ
ԳϫĿ⿴ȥòϣ׺ȷһУѰĵǿ߿ɱȡ
óϫĿĻס
Щһֱ࣬ʼ׵Ϊһ˵һľϲ
׵ĽǴ˵ϼ𽣵ͬ˵һӵ£ɱ޶֡
Ҳģֻ͵겻ͬԼ𽣵ҪֲͶ֮䣬ӿ
Ͱ׺ȫֲͬĽҲȻͬĽƲ𡢲ع鵽еļأ˾Ȼ
׺ɱɱ
սƴ൱ʵ׺ҪռˣΪлһױ޴
һԾͬʱҲӢϿһһ̽Ľ
𣬾ȻǼ𽣵ĪڻĹʱڵļڵĴˣ
СһȻܺͰ׺ս൱򶼲ˡ
Һܺ棬ĶӴһ֣һ˵ܡ
Ƕ޹ؽҪֻ迴Ƿֳʤ㹻ˣڴϺͼ֮ĶǻǲҪΪס
ߣ׺ʤڳѩǸ֣ܻҵȵϿˣ
糤ϣ⻰ʲô˼˰ͽ֮ǰ㻹Ͼ׼ҵһԱ
ˣ棡Ѹ˿飬Ϳܷ֮ͨǰһִ壡
ʱеʧ
ϫܹһУ֪Ͼ׼ңϵ֮ڶѴﵽ˺εȼҵĳ̶ˡ
ĵɾһð׼ϵҪ˺Ƥ

ôˣ֮ҵĽȴûС
׺ͻȻЦǹļž
ʵ֮Ľ棬Ѵﵽҵĳ̶ȣδײʽ֮պɱ˵Ķ鲻Խ
޴ɱ֮ҽײмһĽ
սҲΪ޴ԼƣҲΪһԶӰ쵽񡣡
׺Цɽӿգնɱһɱ¾֮ƥ
ȻˣҾͶŵԸ㿴һ
˵ʱ׻ϢٿȻһ䣬˫ͬԨݼһƬɢϢһoһ㣬㡢𡢲ɺ
ţ
ǿݼԨһ򽾰Ըһеİ׺磬һҲûɵظеһļµĸо
ն¾ʮ
һ˿޵ΣûκԥһգһɿֲĽ⣬ն˲Ϣɱȥ
һĥɱһҲƿص۷һ֮ͬУܹƵʩչһģ޼
ֹ˶
Ȼ⼯ɱ¾ռ䡢Ѫ֮һ״߷һ˿仡ȣ˫һеһзƱգݣһѻҰ͸޴󽣴ӿ
ϼ𽣣
ϫһ۾ϳ˴УϽ嫺ɳĮеļ𽣾еһμʱΪնɱ䣬ױõĴС
͵ʱͬ״ʱʩչġϼ𽣡ֹ˰ٱһ֣󣬻ضһ˾֮С
ˣ
׺еɽؾһζһͷ궯ܵһٻ㣬Ҫƣ
ˣ׺͵һʩչȫ͵ѹһ֮
䣡
ȻڴʱһҰ͸ϼ˺գն
һɲǣܵһɽ̺ļ֮⣬˺һϣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
׺ϵѪɫһ٣òҰ
ͻȻ֣ԼѶ޿ɶ㣬ǲѹеɽ죬Ȼܵһ˺
ΪһĽޣԼĽУǵǷԼĽģԼĽ
ܴҲȻһ޷ȥӰǰ׺ԲԸ⿴ġ
ԣӭһҧӲƴ˹ȥɶ˻𣬵ȴںԼĽ֮


903 ֤
һɲǣʱ·û
ŷɶ˻һİ׺磬ľάĪ櫡ԼЩĲжûɵһȻ
һΪԼ;ִţǽԶ𺳣һ־
սľ޹ְҵ޹Ϊߵͣ
ϫҲԤϵһĻɼɲһĨ̾Ͼ׼ӵӡսȷκζֶȻ𾴡
׺粢һУֻڼԼĵģ·ǡ
Ȼδӭ籩һûˣΨü룬һѪ顣
Ǳˡ
Ϊǰһ֮أһĨҰ͸ϼٿȻֹѩˮС
ۣ
ԶһѪӢƥС˲ò԰ǿϼ𽣵ɱ֮Ҳܵһɡ
Ͼһ̺ʵ̫ǿҪͻȻֹҪʩչһ
Ϊʲô׺ʵüĵһѪӱ£봽Уɢһ˿ɬζ
ӮҵأȻǰΪ㲻ҵСײһ´ǣָһӢģ
ԭˡ׺һͻȻ̧֣ɽ춪ףӮҵϿɡ
Ϊʲôһ£׷Щɻ
ҴӲǷ顣׺һƮȻȥ׷Ʈ죬ǿ֮Ѫϣúñ
죬ʧ
ǸŹֵŮˡҡҡͷɽسϫߣûʲôɣ
ûСϫЦ
׵Ȼû֮ǰԻëСܰ˵Ķֵء
ľǶ׵ҲΪͣʱһƽԾԵУܿһ˸ֵĴС
Ȼ׵ĸֲûִɱ֮С
Ͱ׍nɫȴЩѿˣǰǰ׺ȥĵطһһһƵķŭ档
֮ǰжʱһԼҲȫԸжǴ´
񣬰׺ǵûַԸ֮деľױ͸˶Էֱǳϵ
ѵԼôֻôϽͽͽ³ɴûкù
ɫɢɱѪζ
вٴｫĿͶߣ׺֮ǰľϣпܶҡЩǵжϺ;
һ飬ζԳϫչжɾЩˡ
ʵҲǰ㣬ڰ׼УĿһеİ׾Цúϲ£죬еһˡ
Цݣ´һȥ׺ңû𣬰صġѩ
ӰڰУ߳һͨͨߣ׾˹֣߽ڰУϢ㡣
һ£λֻ۾˰ɣ׾Ҳ֪ʲôһЦ
ϰةȷŭˣԼװλĴУһĨ޷ȥ׺ı֣ʧ
ȻֻһԾȴӰһЩǶԳϫĹ۸Уһ˳Ͼ׼ңǵԼˡ
ʱ򣬼ƣҲ˵֧Լľϡ
һ뵽⣬ةһԼ侲»ûֻտʼѣһʱʧ죬Ӱȫ֡
ǽϣԼЩϣ֪Ͱ׍nǾԲԼʧġ

ϫս㡣
һڰ𣬴˼̧ͷϫսİ׍nüͷס壬Ļ쵰ҪԼ
ǰ˵
ɣٵȥ»׍nЦ˵Ȼûһ˿ż˼ȴǲɡ
ðɫ
Ǿһϰɡ
شǵģȻǳϫѿ׻ܰ׺֮Ͱ׍nȻưոݣ˾ҪԼԾҲ÷£һҲǴҲǴ򣬴һһˡ
˵ʲô
üһƯһгһĻߣɨϫƣеŭˡ
׍nһЦһԾϫǧ֮⣬Цйֵ鰡
ģұ֤㡣ϫ
׍nϵЦݶʱ̣һϸСкէ֣ͻָЦŶҿǰлˡ
ȻЦȴûκЦ⣬෴¶һĨεŨɱ
ϫȴţ̧һƳԶİҲҵı֤ͬЧ
ǽסݺݳ鴤һ£һĨɭѪĻȣԥƮȻǰ׍nָһ飡
ϫ΢΢һЦٶ˵
ľϣǶûʲôףԴӰ֮ȺУٲȻԳϫǿĴڡ
ǰͰ׍nȰ׺绹Ҫǿһ֣ҲţϫȻô˵Ǿһľ档
Ψа׹ϣ֪ܲп˶ٴγϫı̬ɵҪͰ׍nʱɽסһЩǡ
ǸȺŰɱֵĺݽɫֶ伫ЩǴʬɽѪʳģΪͰ׺Ȼ൱֮׺ȴΪѲ
׍nǸޱȵĿ֣ɱ˲գֵۣģûлڡ
һ𣬲ֻǵһؾĳϫȥֵ
ţСӵǺܰԵ
ǰ׼У׾üͷһЩ죬Ҳû뵽ϫҪԿͰ׍nҡҡͷ˼еϡ
СӵǺͳһĳƢñɱ
һУϰةȴǹЦٲȻӳϫΪˡ
ɱ
ǰͰ׍nһۣƿⳡƲԵȵĶԾ
Ӱһһ޵ĲӰܵĿռ֮УѲݣһλʮˣȴѰһ˿ϫһ
׍nһ⻬ƽڹӵĶ̵ִ׳ɢɷ֮һλմȾѪȵ㣬ϫ
һ⣬һ㣬ϵĬʮ㡣
ǵǵᵶɵ
ھϫаɾʱ׍nһȣж̵һĨѪɫٵâգһĻȳϫĲиȥ
һ֮ڣѪɷ⣬ɱҪƿ֮ħϣն鷮㣬һֱĵĿֲ
Ȼ׍nڵ֮˼Ϊĵزһ¶һƥš
ҲΪ⾪ްֵһٴǰƽӹòʱ񿴵һ˰㡣
ৣ
ϫ۾һУէ֣޳סһת򵥵һȥ


904 նħ
򵥵һȻУһȴһɴƣ
Ⱥ򽣹ڣ

׍nһ£ͽ棬ʢһɿֲĴӵӿð׍nڶһ顣
û
նɱؾĴڣҵħѪ֮£
׍nһʽϣ͵طڶ̵裬նɱһѪɫĵâնɱ˺ǬƿƥЮһһǰΨҶİ
ϫɫգǡҽǣˮ㡢̡ն𡢱޲ǽ򵥵ʽ
ʩչÿһУ̻һɴϣϣܻµķ֮ɽ׍nһйƻ⡣
㱼䣬ֻоϫɱУͥŲ磬ࡣ
һ򷨣ʦ
׍nһȣһֱЦеɫʱأüɱһƬֵһ磬ٴ
̶ɲǼ̽׍nʱףܰѶֵѰĵһؾǻƥ۷ĴʦΪеһֳصѹ
֮ţնħһ¯
׍nһɱռ䶼ȼ¯Ž۳һ׳ʵĵ֮ӿ
նħӣ
׹ͫһһ˲ϳһϾ׼̫սɳʱѪɱдֵƣ
ÿһֵƶϣɱһ¯ǰͷս̻֮һ֮Уƾ
Ͼ׼ҵ棬ƾնħ¾˲֪ٸǿߣӮá֮ƺţ˫
׍nһ仹δﵽǰֲز磬ԽһǳأһȺĨɱ
ǵƣƸ꣬ٽ󺣣˼ۣ֮ɱģǵƻ¶
¡
һδضһ¯ܻ棬ɱ
йԪһ
ϫ۾һУͦ𣬽ܻһ̺ľˮԲĴ壬ѭܶʼһ綼תһ֮ڵơ
䣡
ཻʢĵ⽣ϯɢ֮ҡضձ˶òˣⱻˡ
ڶ£
ʽþ׍nڶâۣɢһҪٵأǬĺƴ־
˵һ𵴶ɱȥ
ϫӰһӰܣдѣҲǰȲѣ׍nؾΪݿֲĵƣȷԶѰ˿ɱȡ
ǰ׺ȣһһǰĴǡ
ȻܵסǰȷǸΪĶ֣ϧĺ˵ΪֹȻ
׍nϾ׼еĶնħһʩչǰУռսȨһСȻʩչʱ˾͸оһɵУȻںϽ֮УƺƵɿܣ
Ϊһûκʽ
ûʽҲûκεֵĿܡ
һ̣׍nΪȻһشƣ֮ԿͬΪһ㡣
ڴʱһֱѲУѰٳʱİٿȻͣһһбһƺâƴĶߣҪ˶ɡ
ͬʱǰעⳡԾİ׼ҴǣԶϢⱬ
峤׾еһ档
ϰة̣һ
ս񣬲ŲƬ̹ѣ̶ʱսļҳ̶ȣ֮֮ǰ׺Ͱ׺һս˾Ķǣ
ʱ׍nһСȻնս۷ĳ̶ȣû˸ҺˣЩҲ⡣
ս֮УϫĸоҪǿңҲز׽˰׍nһĿֲƣûаֳɣٲ
䣡
ӿеĳʢϼܻһܣǶһִ֯֡ơһƬĺ
һɲǣʥߣн컯֮⣬̺࣬ӦУͨףǳһƬ컯㡢Ի͡ޱߵĽ⡣
ǡ
׍nһϣܵһּȵΣϢ
ţ
ɫ΢䣬һ͡
ÿֲĽ⣡
йսһְ׼Ҵôأ𾪲ѡ
ڷˣ
׵ȴ۾һɲ١

׍nҧŭһûѡܣһܵΣգҲ޷˵һ
޹սΪϰةĻҲҪɱϫֹϾ׼ң
ৣ
ͬʱҲˣв֪ʱһϸĳ󣬷ϢػգͬٿȻʧС
䣡
һ쳹׵Ŀֲ죬ϸǵĺɷ飬еǱ𡢷Ļ龰
Ͼ׼ҵĴڰӢϿеķ󣬹һײ԰ӢϿˣ
ۣ
̳ɢУ׍nǰִ׳ɶƮƮĸƼһ㣬ڰգ̲סѪɫǲ԰͸֮
ֲ϶£ڶѣһѪգǱնħѪѱɳȥбزڵϣҲݡ
ˣ
׍nҵģʱﰵ˶׍nʧȥս֮ܵó׵ס
ܺãǵһԵһؾҵˣһסģ
׍nѪ𲭣ϵĽǣԴӵӣҲͳʧȥ˺ͳϫƴĿܡ
мΪɬû뵽ջûɴϰة񣬸û뵽ϫʵȻȴлҪֲ
ֱһĹ̥
ϫ̤̳߳ŵϵİ׍nô˵ѾϿˣ
׍nϢһ£ش۽ƳڳϫУһ޽͸Ӱ䶯
ɫͷȻ
䡣
৵һһ֮ĺâشӳϫձ貣˶ĿƫƫȴϢžĿ£Χնû
ΪҪǣ˵ʶ̽£һĨâӰӣ񲻴ڵһ㣡
һĻǱ˶ˣһ˵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϫСġ
׻û˵꣬ͱ͡
ΪϫӦ죬һ貵ĺâӿʱδнȴ۾Ƶģ浹̣Ǻӵݺնһ㺮âϡ
飡
һ̶Ľ꽻֮һӰкݺ˳Ӱģ۵һҲһѪ
ˣȻǰ
ֳգʱһĳУǱԣڿ˼ϫδ֪㣬һְġ


905 ة
ӰȷԲУһĨ͸Ӱ㣬
ĹϢûһ˿һλĴ̿Ͱ㣬˷ʤ
񣬻δӱϮıɱһʵȻϫһ׼УǿֲĽֱӴĵڿѪβ˳Ծ
ţ
㡭ģ
õѪգվӣһƯһҲͬһĨɻ
ӽս֮һֱ㣬Ϊ㣬ΪֵܼڣϫָԶİ׍n˵
׍nϫ仰ͬڱʵ͵ˣⲻܣ
գ˻ǰˣ𣿡ϫƽȴǲ硣
ѾӮˣҲûҪ硣
𣿡
̾ϢһʧǵģȻУǱڱĳȴطһĨٹ
ಣ
ƿգٴδӱ󳯳ϫɱȥѲϢⷢһ̶Х˺գһĨɫ磬쵽˼¡
˵֮ǰһϮɱϢнУôһϮɱȴǳ䲻⣬ͻ˶û뵽Žɱ֮ӵ쾡¡
ȷһĴɱ˵Ƥ½УҺͳϫ֮ľҲŲɵľ롣
˶̵ľڣĽɱ
Ȼǳھϫĺֻ֮ʱȴȻֹҲǰŲһ˿
Ϊһѵִĺ⾫â£ƤѿһӣʳһѪա
ĽڳϫУȶ׼ɢϢǰδеΣոС
ԼֻҪԶһ˿ԻпԼʺԼ꣡
ʹ䣬Ͻ
ӲȱϵԺиðͷʱѾƴʯ٣ҲҪ
һĨȻ֮ɫȻӿ
ž
Ȼжϫнһصļ米ݺݳϣ˶ȷ˳ȥȧݣѪݶ鲻֪ٿš
ߵķƵĵڼʮĵʱǺһƬѪ쳣ҡ
ֲñ˵֮ͬΪѲթսֶΣҲܷԸ񡣡
ϫ𽣹ƽ˵
УսֶβֺڰףֻҪɱˣ㹻ˡվӣ˵
ϫ˼ͷ˵Ĳսֶεȷ֣֮һս㲢ΪԼս־ᣬǿϧˡ
ɫȻһ䣬û뵽ϫĸ֪Ȼ
ȥߴϣʲôֶξʹ˽ҹûлˡ
ϫ˵գתӭУʼٲͰ׍nһۡ
Ͱ׺ȣͰ׍nֵء
ԭܼ򵥣׺֮УǰսȴеߣҪɶ˻ƴҲΪ˺ԼĽΪ˽˵
Ͱ׍n֮ɱʼնˣ̬ս־Ѳ˰׺һ
Աȣ֡
ϫһ뿪Ҳ뿪Ψа׹뿪ʱмؿ˰Ͱ׺һۣ˵ҵʵһ磬ȴһֱǵѪ͵սڣǡΪ֮ɡ
һ˲䣬ڳֻʣ˰Ͱ׍nˣɫ粻

飡
һĴУϰةɫ࣬ҲƲסԼŭ⣬оƱݺˤڵϡ
һȺ
ͳ𵴴ةһͷŭʨйзŭ
磬㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ڴʱ⴫һ׾ǿߴӰڴڡ
׾ةеŭ˲ʵһɶָ侲Уޱǣ벻ֵܶôû棬ȴڽһ𡣡
׾һƨԱһڣչһпǰٰʮʮ죬ʱɹ졣
ةһĮȻļԵǲ
Ȼһֱܺá׾Ц˵һ̵һȡ
Һ¡ة÷ϻֱʵ
ȻΪСӶ׾ЦЦɫһ˵ϵ飬Ͼ׼Ҳϲ𣬴Ӧҵ˼ɣ
һӶѣʲôϲ𣿡
˵⣬ةһŰ׾ֻҪһ仰ӾӲϾ׼ڲĶҲΣʱϽΪУ˭Ͼ׼ң
׾۾УβЦô˵Сһ˵Ͽɣ㻹Ҫɱˣ
ةɫһȻңҾʵ㣬ϫԲ뽻Ҵã
㣬ȻٽϣԴвѩǳ׾۾е
кβףةش̹̹
㡭ͲСÿһ£׾ͻȻһת˰硣
̫ᣬЩԺΪʲôм棬һζĸܣֻᵢϾ׼ҵŻҵةŻ˵
׾˰ةһۣ̾Ϣ磬ٿһ°ɣ綯ڼϵֽ޿ɺǣСӾʲôˣ
ةһ㶣ȻмѩӰˣʲôˣ
׾ҡҡͷתߣⳡսʵӦҲˡ
ڴƮʧ
Ӧÿʲô
ةΪȻЦһ£סԺֹһĻĻ֮ǰйسϫͰͰ׍nԾĻ档

һ˲䣬һĻڰةԺжǳϫܰ׍nһĻһִ񻷣⣬ģ˷ʥ߰㡣
ԷͳԦ壿ܹﵽȵزģ䲻ҲûС
ةૣ룬ȴһЩ̤ʵĸо
һĻĻսκ˶Ժֻʣһһڰƣ͹ӵĽ

ĸ֣˵ʱȴ˼ѣƺ˰ةȫ㣬һ̱Уһʧǵģ
ݣʵûʸȥ˽ʲôзΪΪصĹϵͳ֮һı־ɽУҲֻЩǷ˽⡣
֮֮Уһ˸Ͳ֪ʲôǷ
֪֮ʵһںϵһλｻ̸Уš
ʱϫнλġһģһ
һ뵽⣬ةɫʱ粻òɳ૵ɽˣô
գȻҡͷеļֺȻͻȻ뵽Լ治ӦòϽһ֮С


906 
ӭ
׹ϰһʢϯΪϫ˽ӷϴ
ϯɢȥ֮󣬳ϫס˰׹ϣʵϿɽûУ
Ȼˡ
شĲǰ׹ϣͻȻִӭеİ׾
׾ΪϾ׼ҵļȻ˵ǾͱϾ׼ҵ̬ȡ
ԣϫŰ˿˵սɲβսվ̫鷳
׾Ѱ׹ˣֻʣ³ϫˡ
ôʵҲΪ׼룬ֻѡ;ˡΣ׾˵ϣ֮²Ҫ١
ϫҡͷ̸ʲô٣˭ǳˣ˭һǷֵġ
׾Цãؽ󣬺γɲ˴¡
ϫҲЦЦ
˵ʵΪСӣͦΪѵģ㱻Щ쵰Ƶö׾̾Ϣ
ϫȻ֪׾˵Ǻ¡
ϰةǰ׾ĸ磬ǰ׾ãˣһ϶ʸ֮ģԼ̬ȻΪӡ
һ෴
׾ȻΪɴҲͦΪѵģ۰һһ
һУʵ׶ĸ֮ĶԹϵ۸ӡ
ֱڣϫûܸףԼĸʲôϵΪλΪԼһˣǣϾ׼ҡ
찲Ϣһ£Ҵȥ硣׾ûж˵ĳϫ򣬱ת뿪
ֻ뿪ʱ׾ͻȻ˵һĪĻһˣֻΪԼţ𣿡
ϫڴгĬãҡҡͷ
һѱ̫ΣҪչүүܵܣҪѰҸĸҪΪϼ帴𡭡
ԣڽһ֮ǰע޷ΪԼ
Ρ
һӦóеġ
ӲһУһֱֵ
԰׾ͶãԼʲôҪʲô˶ܣ࡭
Ȼ׾Ǿ仰һ˼ҲίѳϫӰ֪һеϣһȥһС
࣬Σע̫ˡ

һ硣
ϫʹӴ
û뵽ɵڶѾԶˡ
ϫܹܵڤڤһԼٹãԼͽӭڶ١׽٣
һԣɾľ٣ÿɹһأҪʱ׼ӭһ١
֮ʱ䳤ǧ꣬ϰꡣ
ˣЩԣʱ̫ˣϾɽٿɲǿЦģɵ³
ʱУҪôչȫҪôѰҶɽ֮ȫ׼ֻʱ䲻ãоɽʱ̫
ǱƲѣǰͲԶӭһ١
ȻʵǲпģΪɣͬ٣ɾľ٣κһ涼޷ܿġ
Ҳ˼УܿӰûΪٵĴڣԴϱߵһݲ˷Ѱʱ䡣
ϫϴν֮ʱȹ׽٣ŹȥԼĪµʱѣȻڴʱ͸Ӧ˵ڶ׽ٵһ˿ףȥ̫ˡ
³
ǵϫһԼΪˡʵҲȻˣ֪ԼĶɽ֮·ע治һ
Ҳη壬ϡֻҪ²þףȫصĳʲôΣˡ
Ǹ棬̫ɹƨˣôأ
ϫ߳ԼͥԺδӭʱһඣ˵ӴдʵϪˮ㣬ö
ϫüͷһδӦ˵ľ˭ͿһٻӰһƵĴӴг
ϫ磬ˣ
һȹѣ֫ϸȶ˵Ůһϲվ˳ϫǰ
۾峺ںڣԲģӨףӣ󣬶쾱޳һͷ㷢֯һСӣɢһɱ˵ഺϢ
ϫȻɵǡ⣿
ŮüϣϡܿǸͷǱ裬ÿɰСѾͷӰӣֻʱ̫ã⵱ֻѣҲҿ϶Է⡣
ŮЦ绨еϫ磬Ҿ֪㻹ǵң
ϫ۾´һŮȻЦ⣬㡣
̼ǵûʱͰǼұڶӣСѾͷ͵ܵܳ껹ϵãƨƵģԼ档
һȻļ֮ȴҲû䡣
ǰѳͤͤŮϫû˵ܵܳ껣һ̳күүΪʱ⡭
̸˸Уֻһע޷ȥʱˣҲڸԵ·ϱš
飬ͽ֪
߰ɣҴȥ
˵ţסϫĸ첲˵ϫ磬Сأôûһ򰡣һֱ̳ǣɴ󲮲ãɨˣ̳ʱһҪҰˣ֪Ҫˣˡ
һ·ϣŮߴߴඣ˵ϫ΢Цţ˼ȴҰ㱻һ㲦̫̫ࡣ
ܵǹú
ЩǣǷڸԵĵ;ŬǰУ
خǰӦûһҡɹ̫ɣ
褶أôȥСһǷᾭԼ
һ
ϫ磬ȥɣߵءһͥԺǰֹŤͷϫ˵
㲻ȥ𣿡ϫӳ˼ѣʵ
ȥˣҾǽȥҲߵģңԼ뿪ء
Ц˵ϫϽȥɣ档
˵ţŤͷ뿪һͷںڵСƮҷ£ɢһɷζ
ϫЦЦϲָо
⴦ͥԺ£һ̾УƮ죬һص
ϫʱһµʯǰһϮۣԼؾһ統羲
һϤӰϫûɷһĨ޷ϲ˸Сӵġ
ˡ
Ц˹
֣һȪ㣬ϴ飬óϫ˲ƽǰ۱˱磬һ̡
ʱүүܵΪʱͻչԼ͵ܵܣ˵ĳϫУѾǰѰ統ˡ
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㸸ĸ֪ɾͣһܸˡ
̧ͷųϫüķ˪֮ɫ˸УοӥڿʼХ죬ٲǵľګԵˡ


907 

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Ȼ㸸ĸһ𣬶㸸ĸ׵ָ㣬ʵȻΪ˴ĸͼҲ˺ܶ࣬ҩֻҪĸ׻ģӦ
ἰ壬紽ٴηڽ֮ɫϧûע⵽ĸʱѾԼʶ˼֪ȴþһа취㸸׵ʵΪƾһ˵Զܻġ
⣬ϫף׳ʵΪλǿˣĸѩɽϴĵϵŮָ㣬벻ǿѣ


908 β
ĵУ͸֦°߲Ĺ㣬ӳյóϫպǡ˿ǲӿ顣
ЩңԶ飬ŵ⽣Ӱթ̬ƽɳϫȴܴһɾĶǵζ
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ϫͷھŻʱһλǰңǰʥصƽƻһʢᣬΪͨĴУΪıѰصǳע1
˶٣ЩĴڱڤϣĸһ˻ܣҸ׳棬Ǳɡ
ͷ˵ĲǴαڤл˲ʵĽɫվֻ˼ĴԶԶĸ׵Ķ֡
ٺĸ׳ɹǳҲ֪˶ΪͼͲǳУҲ⣬ǣڴӱڤص·ϣ˺αװ㸸ĸ͵Ϯ
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󣬱Լͻº֣Ҫɱʱĸܣָоѩɱķʽգûôѡ
˵⣬̧ͷųϫ֪Ϊʹ࣬ҲҪŻ𣿡
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ϫһʮָ߬ףָģѪһһ˳
ð˵Ѿ˽飬˴ĸĸӻԼļ̳ǣԼ͵ܵܣȻ󡭡
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ϫ˼ǿ԰һɸӵµͻȻʵ꣬ΪηŹүүܵܺң
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ϫֻоһݣصԼѣ׸׵ģȴһʱ޷İš
ʲôѣѵһ𣿷ҪԼһ˶ȥţ
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β
뿪סͥԺʱϫԺֻʣ⡰β֡
ִɽһҲֲļ֮һɽϴУѩ㱻ѺС
հ˵һѰٲͼѩͲ֮ǣټϵϵŮ񱻹ѺβУҲܵȺ
ֻҪӳȴǸˡ
ΪɽҲһպĳƺšħףʥ֮ܺ

СһΣ
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ѩСϫѾˣأȵǿ̫ˡ
֮󣬾ĵһĵ̾Ϣܿͱһûعס


909 ̽ʵ
һķУһյͭ͵ҡҷһƬĹ
Ѿˣ㲻ȰةӰУݣͳɳƣԵЩɭ
ةϣܾϵԮةԱߣһӰ䶯ģڰȫ
͸һ˿ŨŨԽУ㱻ةܾɺòգ˵ֻҪ°ɣԺϾ׼طɽ磬Ҳǿġ
ةִϵˣ
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ˣ⣬˵ةϲĺͰ׾˺ǿԳ˵˼磬ǵκβð׾Ƥɱһעӣܹɰ쵽ġ
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ڴʱ⴫һ
δȳϫӦҰѱһȭͷ⡣
һƹЮضȭͷ


910 һȭ
ȭƵ򵥵ú޻ڡ
һȭϫһֲ֪εֵĸоԼֻһֻϣС˲һ
͵ҧ⣬Ժʱѹ֪һɲǣԼĵľȻԷȭ㣬㱻
һУǧ֮һɲǣһȭͷӭʱѾʶӰһ۷⣬ݺݳȭͷ󲿹ؽȥ
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ףΪȻﵽĻĵز׾ǿߴӰڴ֮С
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֪׾Ը⣬ղһȭ԰ԼķױɢܰԼұֱӷϵ
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˵פӢϿеİ׼ӵܣԶˣĶΧ䳡Χ˸ˮйͨ
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зִ磬ϫοˣֻºܺǱԿɫƽץס֣ʵţûУ
׾¶˺֮ɫûһȻ˵ͷ
е˼һ൱ڵؾͱԾ̫Զ
һ̵İ׾ɫȻǵϣ˫磬һϵΨİǡ
ϫһָԼƣ춴УһƬʢޱȵϼ⣬ӿһɹɺƵ֮
ţ
׾üͷһϫƣһֲ˼ٶȻָţжʱףСֻʲôˡ

ϫֻԺ󣬶ɣɫƽȴѾŨͬҽȼհս⣬һϻеıʣâ
ɲ֮䣬ѽ׾Լеȭȫ
СӣҵСı£ڶȭɲôˣпܸ޲شȷҪһȭ
׾ЦɢһɽΡİԵ֮ƣһԶһ㣬ֻһƣڳ˺ѡ


911 ɱ
׾һϯԵ֮ˣڳ˶һϡ
һ̣û˻ỳ˵Ļм١
֮˶ţ׾Ȼ˵ôڶȭƱȻҪȵһȭҪΪֲ

ڴˣϫȴɫеսⷴԽԽңҪȼ񷡣
ˣֻһϯͻᱻĺͶ־Զ䣬ȻһжӰ첻ϫ־
֪˶ٵն࣬ȽΣյĴҲ֪˶ٴΣᱻӰ죿
ĵǴӲЭ֮η֮ն֮;֮
ܺãɴ־Ҳʸҳڶȭˣ
׾Ц֮䣬磬ڶȭΪҪСˣ
飡
һ̤𵴣һױȵƣƿصףҪΪ
ȭƻûչһЮ֮ȫѳϫʹá
һɲǼ䣬ϫһָо׾ڶȭԼûκܵĻᣬΪԼꡢӰһжӵӲһȭ֡

¡һ׾ˣһȭƻʵ죬ţʵ綼죬ì֮ȫŤʿʱͿռ֪
ϫëȫ޷Էȭ⣬ָоͺ񱻴ѺһŤķУκһֻұ״̬֮С
һȭԳƵǾ춯أ
޿ӣ޿ɱ֮£˳ϫеĺݾѻ춴ת£˵ԪŭȼյĻ棬ȫйע뽣֮С
ˣ
գ⣬ܻһ޵Ӱľʡ׵۽ʡڵˮʡ
һշյԶָ̤أϫܣӳǬƺ嫵˼¡
ǣһֲȭͷһж裬ֱһϣϫţ
Σ֣
һˣϫֻ²ҲҪ˵أҪָҲ֪Ҫȵ¡
ʮ𼱵ĹͷϫѪȷĥ¶ľ飬ٴչ֣ȫ־еšһڽ֮Уһն
䣡
䳡ֻǰһʹһɿֲޱȵĺ֮ȫನɢضһƬ𡢱Ŀ¼֮С
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ڴʱϰةرһգ˫ӶһĻ䳡ܸΣŻһֲɢನ֮ꡣ
κ
ž긦䳡룬ֻϫԭز֮Уȴһ֮ƺѪܻƻ
ʵҲȷˣʱ˿̣׾ڶȭĿֲǾųɾȫ֮УǵԻȥһΡǳˣ
ۡ
ϫʮѪÿһëнԶʳһѪȾڵ棬һѪһ㡣
߾ȫת磬һɹȵԪ֮ľѵĹѵѪƤĤС
Щƣ⵽شήҽݽߣֳһǰļ󣬲βȥ޸꣬ʶеĺͼƬ͵زһƲɢ꣬һɳƥʼ
ήҵȻһֲ˼ٶȻָţ
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䳡ϣѻȸžһƬ
ÿϫĿжһĨ𾪣һƻȻ벻ܽ°׾ĵڶȭ
ܺãһһ˿սʶҲϧҪܱĿ껹̫Զ
׾ڣ䳡ļž˵ĻָˣҪסɱУԶһ˿ĴϢʱ䣡ԣԶҪ˼طΨһŵùģԼӵе
ϫãֻûһ̰̣Ϊ׾˵٣ǰȭɵڵˡ
䳡ϣ׾صݣ˽Զ˼

Ƭ̺һɳɳĦĵͳӳϫ³̧ͷԭĿһóʢȼյǳ
ͬʱһâУԨƣϺȻɢֱ嶷
ȾѪɫ԰ɣ𲻿һ̣ڳ˽ԶϸܵһѪ׿ơ
һ԰ִܵţƾ紵˳ˢҲ޷ҡһ˿һ
ةȻݡ
촽
紽߷һĨο
ˣܵϫʵı仯ȻһɾǶһǿߵϿɡ
˭Ҳûע⵽䣬ҲϢսǹͦεֱȻ
׾۾΢УϸϸһϫȭΪɱš
ϡ
ٴӣϣǬ֮Ψһڣһƣ䳡˲ܿƵ˺
һȭʩչƸжжǿ

׾粽ǰһȭ
ûзһ·ѽеȫۣȭ֮УʹȭгֳһＫطļžС
һȭƣڳͷƤһ飬Ȼʧɫ׹ߡ
ղžʱ޸ϫϵƲָֻ룬侫ȴѴﵽһǰδе۷״̬⡰׾ϣΡһȭɷһֿյо
ֻǧ֮һɲǣʹһǰδеѣѩ侲еһ
һȭҪ
һԤУֻҪһȭĿмԼٴεõɱ䡣
һɲ̰գԹ޲
ѧ
ڵĻ춴磬ĵͨ壬ȴȻȻתˮ֮ܽأȻȥΣûԼκͷС
ϫһĪľС
ԣǹʣ޿֮
ţСһȻţȻڴʱ˿ڣ֮С
׾һĨһţȭȴǺɬϢϫ
ҲڴʱϫһѪ־ڴ˿̽ڻۣս⣬нӿ
¡¡
ȭδ棬ƺȭײһ
һ̣ضһ̰һеľﶼȫһɿֲıըû


912 ̳
ڱǣӿһɻԵһ˶ƥĺڶ䳡ϿգתǳرĿֲ
⻹ֻǽƺȭ֮Ķײ
˿峡龰ʱͿһȭͷϫųȥûܹƺǹᴩŽһȭЮһʷʫĴơ
ɱ
ϫ³һ֣£ڿ𣬽ն£ȭͷԽӡ
䣡
һ춯صľӢϿ쳹𵴾⣬˻ϣֻĤҪըѣðǣԴֱ졣
飡
Ƭ̺ನɢУϫ˵ɳȥ棬ѪȫѣƺһֱıԵ
ҵģֱ׵ؤлӶ硣
һ̣û˸ҷЦû˸ҳ˵ĿⶼһήڵصӰѱ޾⡣
˭뵽˾޴£ϫȻܵס׾ȭ
ڳеͬӵܣ˭ܹһ
׺׍nҲ
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ǹʣȫԾ
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񣬳ϫչֳһɾһѪ־֯ս⣬ѲǹĿ࿴ô򵥣Ƕݺ;ޡ
ʱ򣬰ةԳɢЩϾ׼ҵӵܣټ䳡ϣ±
ϫˣȴ׾ֹҡͷԼ򣬷һٴǰװˡ
Ǽˣȴû뿪Ǿ˳ϫߣ֪ʱĳϫݲһ˿Ĵš
ҲڵϣСһգգؿŻԡѪһܵĳϫ
ģңƸǴĿģȴоˣ
׾ˣЦЦͰһ뿪
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ã׾̾Ϣ˵ʵȷƽϧʱ̫ˣڵ;ǧ꣬˵ֻһ߷ȴȵɾؾǿ߸ǿϫܹڼʱڷɱ䡣
ôü
ֹСӵܵʱ׿˫֮ӣֻͷ¸ڸסˣԺܶ˶Ĵڡ
׾˵ɣִɽʱչ¶µʣڶ̶ʱһԾΪɽķܹɽگʹ½ܿһߡ
˵⣬׾룬ЦȻϫܴȭףμԦƽһЩʤ㡣
Ϊǳǳȡʤһؼ𣿡׷ʡ
׾Ĭˣβ˵֮ǰ˵ģСеʱ̫̣ܶһЩʱ䣬ܴһԵ֮˻ɷ漣
漣
ü˼ãͻȻЦˣտտӿһĨҫɣϵ漣𣿡
׾ЦҲԣܹΪɽĴˣһ漣
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˵ͷͻȻΣлˡ
׾۾һɣЦ磬õл𣿡
ЦˣŵĽۻ٣ˣ׾ĸ첲ЦⱲӾˣɲܲҰ
׾һЦȴǲʱ¡

ϫϥأޱߵľʹ糱ˮӿģľʹԱȶ
ʵأΪҲʹ࣬ȴûô
ΪӵԼսʶʹԼΣյĸ֪óٶۣĻ͵òʧˡ

һƬʹУϫŬȫԼǼٱ
εˣϣѨ٣Ѫѣ춴綼ܲԭԻͺƴ龰һƬǽǰ֮ơ
Ψ꣬ش֮󣬱ͼƬʱ޸۷״̬һ¥ǿ
ҲΪǿƵĸоҪѰ˸࣬ܵʹҲ޴
һжֵá
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һȭļޡ
ڶȭԼ
ȭһս״̬һ־֮ĶԿ
֮ϫףֻҪõĸһһԼľ飬Լʵһᷢһɱ䣡

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뿪ʱ׾ȴҵԱ߻άĪ櫡
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׾˵սʿǴѪħĺᣬߣֻ˷ǵ
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֪άǵĲİˣУһжעǲƽ֮С
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ȴԸϾ׼ҵսʿɱսԴйеĳޣΪ˸Щȥ˱
ߣСһɱ飬Ͼ׼ҵѵЩĲ˾Իһˣ¡׾ߵ
ϫҡҡͷֻϣǶƽ󡣡
׾һٶ˵
άĪȴǸжѣӿһĨԵů˽аģֻΪ˸֮󣬾һ׷ڳϫңЧȮ֮ͣ
ΪǵǳϫģϫȻ˵ɸȴ
һ
ϫסľ׿䣬뿪Ͼ׼ң̾Żɡ
Ҳһ죬ܵڣϣسһ磬ֱ嶷ͷ׹ꡣ
ܵں䶯ΪǽԶ³ˣ


913 㷢
ܵڣ塣
纣涰߲һƬŨ
һϮںڳ֫ӰƮɣ貨ӡ
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Се̫ʦ壬棬ܵеһλϹŶͬʱҲֻذ֮ǰʦ
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С̲ס̧λǧǰµ˫ŮȴֻܿһԼıӰ޷ա
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¹Ц̲ס˵ʦ֣ʮʱ䣬αż
ҡͷ㲻ٸһǧ꣬һʱ䣬ֻҪ׼飬ҲıģԸұ˽
˵⣬ͻȻһ̾ҲΪһ㣬ҲŻϲ¹ȥǧ꣬ҵг֮⣬ҲҲݲˡ


914 
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֪άĪԼĲЩѡϾ׼ʱֶЩʧ˸С
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ϫüֱùһҲ΢΢һ
̽ȻǱǹͬʮ֮󣬹ܵڣʢ䣬ΪºͱΪء
ּƮݣǱ졣
䵱ϫǡ족ֵıʻʱһ˲ܸܵʱӺīʱķϲó顣
㷼һ´ˮ졣
󷽣һʫвµֺͱ֣ԢΪϲ졣
ϫĬĬһ䣬ͽľҵģ
ľ̲ס̧ͷ˿ϫɫֶԷɫŰһҡͷǣǱ˴ƽ˵ġ
˵⣬ľֽһ䣺ƽ˵±֪׼ϵʱԽӰ쵽ľԾСˡ
ϫͷƽ̻𣿡
ľͷУƽ˵ɲǳԶٳһޣɳﹸ
ϫһһе֮ǰѾȻ̣Լƽ̶ԼĹػ
ˣˡС޶ۣ˻Ǻ⣿ľһȻʵ
˵˷ǲľ飬ȻأΪأΪգͻᱻŵģԣӦ˳ľУˣҲȾˡ
ϫȻ˵˵ľģҲ˵Լġ
ԭˡľȻСˣҿǰôͷûˣĪҪһģӰ졣
ϫȻЦľļ򣬱תͥԺУ߱˵϶овԲŻ˲֮ȻˣᱻӰ죿
ľųϫ뿪ıӰϲ뵽ԭжᣬǾͺãǾͺð
𣬳ϫչز
УҲйϢǱµֵ÷з
ƵƵûսľУ췢һȻȫ˵ĺ䶯
ҲǴλǧǰµ֮Ůλֻ£³ǵҰ֮С


915 ȱ
֪֮ء
гʥ֮һΪصڡ
ʿֹ򣬿ܹ֪֪֮شڵģҲֻһС˰ˣҶΪ֮ͨ
ҲˣһƬصĵطͱ֪ͳһصĲɫ
ˣˣˣ
һƬƵɽУһɵľˣһԶȥÿһ£ضһ𶯣˷
ʵ̫ߴˣߵɽҲֻϥǴǲϵƲ㣬ҲֻϰͱƲ㣬ڱƺ֮УͷС
Ƭ̺
һСĴǰפ㣬һéݣéǰһߣһһһؿһʵľͷϣ͵ĳ
ԣǶѻһصľм
ľмУѴɵľΡľľľ롢ľӵȵȣֲܴڡ
ϸһЩľУеľȱһֻţеľһڣԶȱһѵķƷһ㡣
ɿȴβ룬ζʱģһľָߣľͷƤڣֲڵļֱľ塣
һƨһɽϣһ޴ǿߣĿоӿһĨĽ֮ɫ
ˣʵͷҲ̧һһľͷϣľмɡ
ţʦˣʦô׵𣿡
˿ڣȻƽɴǿдȴͬ쫷һ㣬¡¡ء
һصľмεÿǣ쳣Ǳ͵̧ͷ̤죡Ϊʦ˵ٴˣ˵ʱҪô

ԴٺһЦӰһٿȻѻһɰ˴󺺣Ŀ࣬⺷˸Ϊ͡
ϫһϳ󺺾̤ʥһڲ֪֮ǰͨڣ
ȴԹСͯƵģڿǰ
ˣ߲һߣ׵׵ºȻס
̤ʥ̾˿ҲڵϣʦСʦöôЩˣʺĲ֪̫֮ίˡ
ίް˱ӸҲί
һ䣬˵ʱһֱһʵľͷܿһЩľ
ǡΪɶҪһѣ۸һȭŪǻˡ̤ʥɻ
⺻Ϊʦǰװɵ
̧ͷƳһۣǣȴ̤ʥһڣֻúٺɵЦѡ
㻹ǵõ˵ЩСһ𣿡룬ͣеĶ˵
ţħڵķնüΪӣһµдˣʥصĻü̴š
̤ʥ˼
Ļ᲻ǵãǵãǱնüΪӵһᰡһӡ
ΪӵСһ㣬ڻü̴ߵСһһʸӰһġ
֮ԼǵԭЩСһԶͬһС磬ͬһȣͲò˾ˡ
ϾǷնüУǻụ̈ԶǺһĴڣȻҲѡ˴ӵΪˣʵ̫ˡ
ȥЩ򣬿ǵΪΰСʦùˡƽ˵
ѵЩһҲѸԵĴ˹ȥǸϫ̤ʥȻľȣαΡ
ӴΪʦǰװɵˣ߷˸ۡ
ٺ٣ʦ󷢴ȱϽΪͽɰɣҪǼҲɡ̤ʥƤЦ
ΪʦֲǷڵͺ¿ΪҪ󷢴ȱ
ûʲôʱСʦóʱȻһУʵʵˣ벻ˡ
ˣ
̤ʥһа㣬ﵽȾ磬˵ܹԤ֪δԿһЩԤ׺Σ
ȻεȴаһȻʲôҲ㲻ǰ;֮ϣһƬŵŨڸǣ
ǡ̤ʥɲ
׾ͱϹ룬Ĵˡ˵
ʦúʱܳذ̤ʥ̲ġ
ȱʱ˵һĪĻͷڵľУٲ˵һ֡
̤ʥȱľΡľľ롭˼Լµʲô
ȱ棬ʦеʦأǷҪȵ䣿ǡ綯֮ʱ
̤ʥ˼֮С
飬ͬڣħڡ¡ʥء
һеֻΪһ
ֻºͱ˵֡
ɶ֪˹ϵ˶ԣлǣŵһˡ
ԣ类ѡ˱չأᰡӡ㡢ʸӰҲˡ

ǳ硣
ϫӰƮǿ֮ʩչŸֵͨ
ɫϲĿ̨һƬȴһС
ν˼Ȼңˡ
ڶϥأŸ񹂳Ρ
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䣬ȥ
ǳдҴʮȥ
磬ֻȥꡣ
УϷ̫飬󶼺սйء
ϫ֮ǰԤһ㣬ԵĲڼӿ죬ս֮ͬ𣬿ʼصȼ
ŵľ£нҲӦɳмʼ׷Ķ顣
νӢһսУнȴӿһҫޱȵǿߣɧ¡
ϫ顢һЩƸ콾ȻǴ󶼻ǵǣȴǵǵҰ
Ǹʱÿ춼о޾׵ͬǰ㻮񷣬Ϊ֪
ҲǸпʱЩ죬ɵҲѰٲһ˿Ϣ
һУ仯̫졣
ȻŹȥꡣ

һ죬ǳϫǳչصĵʮ꣬ĵꡣ
ǿ֮¡
ϫıѲԲȵʮĵͨ
Ķѿʼһһһȭ֮䣬ʮɽ˶һɻɬ͵ζ
ʱĬãŻӳȥһС
ƣٷɱȣһһʽ֮䣬Īһһֱĵ
׾ڴˣһᾪȷ֣ϫһȭһ֮䣬˵ȭһ˿ϡ
ȻɬֻҪһֱȥȻᷢʵɱ䡣
ϫûȥӦʲôٿȻƣһĨɽ
ͬʱһϮӻƵ۵ĵڶҲ
߻һۣԶЦ
һ̣ϫıʧǳС
ϿգƺһƬīĺƺһƬѩİƻһγһޱȵĺڰţ໥ײ
ԶԶһһڲ֮ϵľ޴©㣬ͷųļޱȵĽ֮
׽٣


916 
ƷѹֵϢ˲ϢŻϿա
ڽ֮µ壬ѹֵ˼£Ʊǧޱȡ
˭Ҫɽ٣
òǳϫϰɣ
ôܣϫϴζɽ٣Źȥʱ䣿
־˭Ҫɽ٣㿴ǵɵڶص׽٣㣬Ʊ֮׽ٺֲֹ
ô˵пǳϫҪɽ١
ŻУ۳ϣǵӽԶԶԶ壬ɫɲ۷׷ס
¡
գ֮ŭ𵴾ʮء
һһֽƽ֯綼Ϊһһɫһҹһ磬ļ¡
Լܿǽһִۣųʢ˵󣬽֯һһһĥתһ㡣
׻һ̣
ȿɲȻˣȻֻһؽףɹ֪жٵǿ߱۵ĥ֮ڣĥ촷ۣ𣡡
ǳϫɽ٣ʱδҲ̫ˣһ׼Ƿȱְֻ֮
ƽ»ͥһڸ߲㣬ԶȻǳԾǳ©״ڲ֮ϵס
ߣȥ壬˭˶ɽ٣ҵȽԶҪû׼ƽ»ͥһ
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ݹ۹Žǰδе飡
˻ع֮£ϫ⣬ҫ£ضһĹ
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Ȼ½һǽԭ¡¡ĺڰ׽ĥУһĨл֮Ȼ޴档
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ˣǵԶѰԶֻҪ£ƱҪΪֲ
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һ֣ͳǽ
һĻ˾鶼
ֱֹͣײУ
һĵǿ߶ɽʱĸսսأһٴеģɳϫãÿζٲȻһûٷеģײеβ˳Ծ
¡¡
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Ȼ˺ȻǣǺڰ׶ɫĽηκβ񹂣ࡣ
ԶԶһϫ˾Σ⣬̧۰죬Ĺ
Ǻڰ׶ɫĽף񱻾סͷ­㣬ڽɽâ绡ޱȡ
ƾϫӰȴ˿ʯģƿ񹂣һ˿Ķҡ
ʱƣǺڰ׶ɫĽ֮𽥱󲿷ֵĽ֮ɣתΪ֮񹂵ǿ
ɰĿɲڣһΪãֻҪסҪե
ϴ̫Ķҷţ
뺣ΪΪ˫һչڱξɽӣһ񣬱ܷҡ֮ϣ֮ڡ
ӵеĴ壬Ѱɱȣ
ɰ֮ʦǣ̥ͨ壬񱻳ϫ֮ʩչǰһĻ֣
һĻŻ£޲𶯣ѣǶɽףƿغͽף
ʣһ棬עҪӡڳÿУⱲֻ¶ˡ
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Ǳ׵񹂣Ҳڳϫƿ֮£ȫӿڣȵ⡣
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꣬Ҳһ׳
ֱ̺Ľ֮ȫһգϫ˶ͷųһ㣬ΪĺƴΡϢ
ǵɶؾǿ߷ӵеơ
֮ĳϫʵٶһ̨ף˵ɶ֮磡
һУֻڶ̶̲ĹС
ڳÿֻ¶˶̵ʱһˡ

һУϫȴһص飬еĽ֮һԾԼסɡƽ
ɶ˶ԣһУעǺڶʱƽ顣
Сһ
ƽ»ͥһӵ̾˿Ȼ̾Ϣȴһֽ㡢Ժޱȵ
Żɸ߲Ҳˡ
Ƚȣ˵ʮܹ֮ӵкͱжԾ֮˵
»ͥ˵ԺҪ̸£Ӱ쵽ϫǱľ
ԣԶײѡ
Ǳһʵ̫ˣˣֻӰ죬ҪôήҲҪôŭȥƴܲĸġ
ҺãϫȻ˿ɱȣղɶɽʱչ¶һУܿһ˿ߡ
ҲŻɵһڸ߲Զ˿
˵ʵǻ浣ĳϫִָܲӰԼУǿɾӭ˱⡣
ʱ𣬳ϫٴνչ״̬֮УӲ˿ټ
ˮҴҶȥ
ǳУǹȥʮꡣ
һ죬ϿգٴδӰ˷һƬƬƵĽƣɫ쵳ʢõĹлɢһɹŨķ㡣
һƵķ˵ĺƮ֮䣬ܽ˵ʧУ԰Ρ
٣
һĻŻٴκ䶯䵱٣ȻǲϿʱЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
𾪣
Ȼ
ţ
ʵ̫ӣϾʱѣϫȻӭ˵ص٣Ǹ룿
Ǽʶƽ»ͥһĻʱҲסݺһ鴤
Ȼ϶ڳϫĽѣΪÿɶؾǿҪؾʱ١
һֲܹ󣬴ӶĽף
ǰһϫӰٴλһͨ磬ڲ֮£ͷ½⡣
ǰΨһĲͬڣ٣ϫȻɫ񾲵ϥ֮У˫ա
Ƕɽ٣ɮ붨


917 
һĿע£ϫϥ֮£ɫ񾲣˫Ŀգɮ붨
ֱֱȥսٸҪ
˵ڳһڵû龰ƽ»ͥһɸ߲㣬Ҳδţδ
УϫʱľٶԵˡ
ʮİ
ôٵģȫֻ¶Ҳٸ
¡
δ˸пϣǲ֮ϣشܳһͷ׹Ȼϣλõ˼£Ҳֲ˼¡
١
һһػ󣬸Ĵ
ֻԶԶһڳŻӵԶһҡҷе˿컨׹Ů裬ȵѵ龰
е˿ħ裬س٣ĩĲҾ
е򿴵˾Ƴֽ֣ԵҾ

֮޲̰աԹȵҽһܻ˼£ӣֻ˲ͳУȥˡ
޵ʿͻȻ󣬵Ҳһҡʵֱ֮Ӿͱȥǣվԭ㵸һɵɵģ
Ȼ߻ħ̶ɵ
ͣ
أһȾ׻Ƶƽ»ͥзٿȻһ˶ը죬ڹעϵЩӵʹѳָѡ
һ϶¶Ȼ֮ɫ¡
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ֻԶԶһۣݣϫУֻҪֲ
ףǿ쿴ϫֱڣһδ
۷׷У˽Զܿϳϫϥͷɫ׽֯ͷ׹ȴȻʼ˿
ѵҪַʽԿף
δ˷Ӧ׺Ȼ£Ťߵ磬֮Уǧɳϫɱ¡
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龰ϫǶһ㣬ƾ籩ˢŭ˾ĴҲǲᶯҡһ֡
֮
һЩʵ֮߳ԶڳϫһŤţһһļµͼ
׸һϣͱǳ֮ͼϤݻ١߽⡢̶֮С
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ڳϫʶУһ龰
ϫүүúÿģһӰ֣ݿݣдһĨ飬ǳ衣
ϫĴһȴ̳ԼļУƾɵļҾߣԼµķʺī⣬ǰ
ϫϸϸ˿үү裬ϸϸ˿еһУ˸У㣬Ȼ֮
һУʵģǸöá
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ͷʱϫһնֱӽүүɱ
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ǰٴһ䣬ֳĸѩӰֻɫ࣬ҧǳ߱ɱ游治ӻԲл
ϫɫĮȻٴλӳһС
һУжȻһŭδ̫ɶ񣡾ȻԼΪҪ߽Լĵģʵɱ
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նɱһʱϫȴˡ
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Сһͦ㣬ü۳Ͷ㣬ͱ¡
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ϫ̾˿ǰСһԴ૵ڻʱ򣬰ٵһʱ䣬һĸ׽ӻ𣿡
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ˣɹһν֮󣬳ϫЩм٣Ϊ̫Լˣѡ
ȻһжõģɶԹĳϫԣվҲһְο
ʵɹؾϫûжϲãΪǶˮɵ飬֮ȣһУкܴ

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֪ȥ
ŻУףһ͵ĵͻȻʲôЦҼǵǰĽգǳϫϱչ֮ʱɣ
ôһ˵ҲˡһֱݵϺ˯ĵ͵۾˼
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Ŀܻᡭ
һ˻δ˵꣬ͱͣţֱŲϣһı飬βŽеǡ
ʲô
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˻һۣͬҲݣȻˣ
ǲ֮ϣɳ۶һƬƬqqĽƣڽϢ⣬ټʱĽƣ
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ʱ龰Ȥ
һüɫ裬ǲףֺһƬһʷ׳ʵĺϷһ㡣
ûһӣׯϾȻҲȻ޴档
һھŻɸ߲ҲԹۣ̬ƣʱ䣬۵Ĳǳϫܲܶɹ٣ǳϫһķʽȥĨס
һЩΪϫɽʱʱ첱Ӵ֣òɿʱŷֳϫѶɽٳɹˡ
龰ֻҲֻĿóϫɽʱŻᷢˡ

꣬꣬ꡣ
ʱţ˶ÿ꣬ϫͻӭһ٣ѳ˾Ż˵Ĺ֪ͬ
ɽϻޣҲֹɣÿһ֮ǰŲſ϶䣬˯һ
ھŻ£ÿٽʱøʲôʲô䣬չصıչأûȥһۡ
ֻЩռɵëͷСӣŻզզС֣һûģЩϵӺǱġ
¡
ȥ
ǵúӦڳϫϵĵڰ˴٣Ѿû˷ܵ
Ҳһλŵеˣʦڵʱ򣬾ָ˵С
ǲϵĽƷشӴӣȻسɤӣеǣϫҪɽˣⶼڰˣһΣûл˰


918 ˲
ɵһ٣ΪףԢ죬ҡֱϣ˾磬ʿУ˼۷塣
ɵڶ٣ΪףԢأ˾磬ãͶ㣬
סףף޽ף׽ףޱףÿһؽ׽֮ͬȴһرһǿ
ǿߣܹﵽؾģԳƵ޵гɣɾеһ
ܹﵽؾģԳƵ޵뢣ڵɾ֮Ѵڶ⼶֮С
ܹﵽɰؾģһͬĳƺǾ۷ߣ
ΪѴ˼۷壬һڵֻ֮Ҫɹھ٣ͽ𻯷ңɽ֮С
ֻʱȴѲ˼磬ԡ۷ߡƺţרָΪﵽɰؾǿߵġ
Եϫӭذޱ׽ʱȻ˾ռߣɻǣŲ˵ġ
ƽ»̷ͥȵȸ߲㣬ԶͣжϿա
ɫ١صĽڻۣ֮ɱơһɷеۻʰĿֲơ
ɾе۷ߣʮ֮УҲ۷弶ϡƽ»ͥԶһеĴڡ
ϫܽһ֪ԾŻɵжôش
ѳ׼ӵ˾أǬƣʮκ֮У𵽼á
οϫҲԶѰĵǿ߿ɱȡ
ڤʱնɱصǿߣﵽɰؾʱʵָôﵽεȿֲĵز
ڤ͵ɰؾ֮䣬ɲľ磬ÿһͻᷭۻһ붼Ĳ
룬ƽ»ͥұ֤ԼǳϫĶ֡
֮ϫﵽɵڰأٲȻѾԳƵǵɾ޵ˣ
Ȼ˼УɰؾǿԶܹﵽ¡ΨҶĵزϾߡԼһЩϹŶڡ
ӣŻʥȳ˼Ĵڣ˵ʵҲûʲô

ԣҵϣŻɵƽ֮λɳϫƣϧϵ̫࣬עܳʱڴˡ
ƽ»ͥ̾Ϣ
ǰӽ֮Źȥ̶ʮһ·ȵزƣ˵Ǿ˫ϵ¶һݡСһƽ֮λû츳
ҲΪȻ
̸ϫСһн綼֣ͬңŻÿһףѵûһϹЦ
ԣҲЦѣɫԶһĨԺ
ЩϫƵƵɽٵ飬Ҳ֪δ磬һʱĪĺ䶯н綼ֵ÷зΪһμѻ
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֮һֱδ֮սԼ䷶һͻܵѹˡ
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¹ܷӳȫҲֻڵɾ֮ϣ֮ȴв硣
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һж޷Ĩȥ¹еһ˿ǣΪЩ귢ڳϫϵһδ¼޲ǸóĴڡ
֮ϫǸ̥Զ޷߾
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ʦܣú׼һ£ʮʱ䣬ҪҲٰһʷǰߵĺƴʢ䣡Ҫ³ΪĿҲҸŮˣҸҪֻСףһУֻұܹ
츺ڱ󲽶ȥ緢ٲȻһʤȯյģ


919 ۷
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һ֣Ц˷ģ飬ҼҴ˿϶и
ʣʮ꣬ڿԻȥˣʱڤˡ˵ͷһ䣬Ҫۡ

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ڽս֮ɱóϫЩμ穡
עһսϫȴɱúʹ죬ΪԷʵԽǿĥ¾Խ󣬶Ҳעˡ
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ڳϫתҪһ㽣ʱõСͻȻڣһûκ
ϫȴСһ˿ײĿƺĸԵֿջ㡣


921 ˹
ϫƬ̣һɻĸĽС̷ˡ
Сȴָı⣬ٸҲ٣ƲⲻУԶĸֲ
ϫȻѡ
ܹµСˣȻѽȴԼѹνŻᶯҪһЩ
Ȼϫ⣬ֻҪһֻĸƽˣҲã罻Сָʵ
СָܻʵͱԼ޵СȫԳ䵱ԼһǿԮ

ʵСǰ㣬⽣ھʮ֮£ʮŲ֮ϣԶֲһǿޱȵĶ֡
ھʮڣһޣģֳһ飬ܼһ˿ţԶɻĸĥɡ
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񡰽ŭĿΤзȵȣ޲Ǵ˵зΪպͨ
ϫķһ֮սС
Ҳܵ˲СشԭڣһǶԷʵ̫ǿΪԶɰؾǿߣΪǿߵʥ;Ҫɱѳ̶ҲͿ֪
ҲǺϫŴСе֪ʵѪ꽣ʮ֮Ѫ꣬ԶɼǿʱԹ;۶ɡ
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ȷ
Ȼڴɫʱסŷ֣ʻĲǻĪգˡ
ˡȻǱչضʮĳϫ


922 쳾
ಣ
շһȦȦϫӰʧϡ
Сʦˣ
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Ȼֱ֪µĸоҺջ𡣡
ջҲû취ף˵ҪŬֻǶȫǣŻǡ
֪һ·ӴɱֻЩˬһٸôһҪݺݸһܣ
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923 ɽ
ܵڣ̫
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ʦֶôĵӣ˭ģ
ԶһЩţŹȥѣ¹ᱻ˴ӣ
ҵ·ûɱѾʴˡ
ڴʱһƽˮٿȻڴ𣬰һεӰԡ⣬Ƚ뵽˴С
һϮ忡˫ָ⿪֮䣬һɱ֮еơ
Ȼǳϫ
̤һ̣˵ĿˢˢϣĿк棬о̾һ㡣
Сӣˣ۾һˣ˷Թ˵һ䡣
ϫȻͶĿ⣬ֻǳһͷʦ壬ҾĹ飬ͽˡ
ƽȴһǵơ


926 
ĳϫѷǵɱȡ
ھŻɱչʮ꣨൱ǳʮ꣩ɽٰ죬ɾ۷֮Ϊ뽣ĥ£һɱ뽣ʮŲ㡣
ΪʵսԶѴﵽɾеϸ߶ȡ
ڴӽ֮Ǳչǳ磬ķ֮ڤ˼շ棬ʵġԼһѧںһﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
һ̤ǴУȻ񾲣һ˲Сƣû˸Ұ
ܵƽ¹ޱȵģϫԵɲ
¹𣬿ʮеһƽȨ죬򣬿ȴ˲ϲģ֪ϫʵﵽεȸ߶ˡ
Щš
ֳ֮УΨһУΪڳϫɹڰޱ׽ʱһƽŻƽ»ͥˡ
ʱϫɻδ뽣ĥΪ¹𱻴ȫõ
ճһƬϫأڿ𵴡
һн㣿ôĿ
ʱǴӸղŵľѹ΢У絶Ӱڳϫϡ
ϫȴţʼոûŮһֻۣǶһϮ칬װ£зһĨ

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ͷڣƿۣǣʣԶһһ㣬ûһĨ΢ɬ
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ˣҲһߣϯ
ʵһĽΪѴӦҽΪ£ĵҲ޷ı־
ͷǿգһɶеĮӣϫԭһִˣҲֲ˭ˡ
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һԶԾ̾ѣСӵǵʮ㣬ֱһɽʹߣݹ۹ŽֻҲҲɣ
ʵɽ⣬Ȼ֮ǡ
Ȼ⣬㲻һҪֶԼǺãյԼѾˣǵû㵱ǷģֻҪʧܣԷΪɻΥԣɱ
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ͳϫ֮¶Լȴû뵽ԼݣȻ֮أ
˭˭Ӯֻ¶ҪŴ˵Բˣһȥֻ»һĪУ
Ͼ˫һɽʹߣһµĸ콾κһ䣬ֻ¶һĪķ粨ˡ
ҵȷ´ԡ
ڴˣϫɫƽʣ򶨶ݣԼǷֳʤ˵ĽԶ㡣
ǵȻһеʤУ㾡ԸߣԸұ졣
ȻһЦ˵ü֮䣬֮ɫɷ
һĻһԵвһӱ̬УܹоһУֻ»ԳϫΪˡ
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ֱǰ£ԼϤޱȵգԺһɲٴӿֳ֡
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һŷ֣еǧֻʣ򵥵ͨͨһ仰
ǵģĿģֻҪӻ¡
Ӧ΢΢̧ͷųϫδ˵һ㡣
ڴˣ򶨶ݣһԵһۣߴ߽ԶһĨײ΢Ц
˽Զ۳ϫ˵Ļٸ˷θ£Զ޷һС
Ϊ֮ǰһ롰ɢ
һޱȵƵڤظʥˮȻٸɲģƶɡ
ɣһһڣͻᱻǣܣһʱʧȥǻۺ־
ǿϡΪʵ̫ΨڤظзѰٵõΪһԼȡʤΪ˵õ£Ҳϧ
Ҳˣ˷ŻţȻһʤȯյģ
еպܳƣ̣ϢĿϣһգգԶһϯϫͱ˵ˣ
ķӦƺʤȫкߣϫƺҲעҪӲľˡ
һ̣ҲǲԾ߬ȭͷ۾󣬼˺


927 
ɽХ̫УʵΪųƽһɱ
㷢٣׹ײ˴ȴʼնδڡ
ˣһЦСδµ˼𣿸ϽԲлҵȵ۾
ϫƽҲδϣ𣿡
ɫһͣ۽Ƴһ±졣
ĬӣϫȻ̲ģǺãԴ㣬סͻȻЦڣ̬Ӻݣ־
תĿˮ££ϲľ˭
һɲǣս˼£ڳһڴҲⷺһĨš
Ψϫɫƽֻǿ£һִ֡Ĭִʯ
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ˣʦִ̲סһĨ΢ЦЦϫĿͱġ
Ȼһ̣ϵЦݣ΢ЦЦԶ̡
ΪϫҪⳡԼĴˣҲһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ֻͻȻתͳϫӣ˵һ仰һˮûȡ
仰Եͻأ֣ɱ仰֮ɫԶ΢΢һ䣬¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȼһţɱ׽һʱ֮䣬Ƕڰȡ
һˮ
ûȣ
ѵ֮ǰΪ˷ֹⷢʲôҩΪľӦǰȾ棿
һ뵽⣬˿ĿⶼˣǺԼǰ㣬ֶοɾ̫ˡ
ֱǲֶΣ޵߿ԣ
ϫ۾ҲһУɱӿѲȥȷϾ϶֮ǰΪ˳׿£һЩ޳ֶܵΡ
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ΪҺãüһ壬һĨ֮ɫʹޣȻ
ôѵ㻹Ҳɣɫ˸֮䣬Ǻεŭ
Ҫִ𣿡µһü
£ΪǴ治ʦ棬Ź㣡ϣֻҪͷϴҿԼ̣
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˻һ˽ԶһԶһʦͽ֮Ĺϵ˸ˡ
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һֱĬıͻȻ̧ͷɨһۣ͸һɲݾܾζ
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Ȼ֮ǰҲ֪浱Ȼɱš
ʱŭãľټȥΨһİ취뿪
ԥǱĿʱʱԥȻһ˦ۣ뿪̫
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쿴ºͳϫӿһһŨŨĲʺͷŭһǿ԰˵£صߣֻԸ⣬̴ɽ磬ҪʲôҾ͸ʲôֻҪӵеһУ㶼ȥ
Ը⣬ڰ֮ǰͿԷɶɽ硣µĮ
ΪʲôΪֻСϣüŬԼӺݵ̬
ʱ򣬳ϫͻȻڣ죬ѾˣԣյԼҪĲηɽ磬ԷΪԱΪˣȻҴã
˻һһݣԶĿ졣
ȷϫ˵ھʣѾⳡгᰴնԼԷΪ
ôĿעţɫһȥͷ͹ԣҲ޷Լķȣ˿һĮȻ£ֿ˿ϫеŭ𡢲ʡߺޡϤһĨᡣ
͵Цǧĵȴǧĸȴһ֮һ֣Ȼ˰
Уûκθ飬ֻһűĮȻ
ЦһһһٵҵȷˣҴδ˵һҪԷΪҷûУ޴С̫սʱѾŪڹ֮ˣ


928 ֮ս
Ȼû뵽Աݻ˵һֱǷ޳о̫ӡ
ȥֻ̾ͻнѣɨأ޷㡣
벻ǳϫ뵽ˡ
ԹԵѡԱΪˣԼãǲŽв
ܹ޳ֵܵزҶɵġϫڣдһĨεĳ
벻⣬Ѿǰһг׼ŭĻ˼ʲôȡ޳ܲ޳ܣ
˸㣬ҲɣǴ޽ɣ
ٴδЦ̬ţһµİȻ֮˼߾ȫңңҺθɣһȺ϶ѣҸ֮ƽϡ
仰ٲȻǰѴ˶ȥ˵ɫЩ䣬ŵǡ޽ɡ֣һĨʱ١
޽ɣ
ǿҪɡɸΪɲĴڣ
˭û뵽ɽٷǧʱ䣬ȻѴﵽΪˣǰֻһ߷ȴ˸Сˡ
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ϫˣ£ҽࡣ
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һ˲˲֮ϣͱңңš
ĥ꣬ڽ񳯣ѷâԣɱϾ죡
һ˲ѣϣհһƬɱĺ֣սţʧɫ
ಡ
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һĻͬʱܵڵĳϡԶʶɨӶ
֮УһҲһѣΪǲ֮ϣͳϫӰʵ̫ҫۡ
һϽɫƣŹҫɽӡ
һ䣬ֽ纣ģ嶷ţˡ
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˵˭ӮջôĻǺܶ˵ʣЩһֱ۲ݣϾҪнˡ
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ǲ˵Ĺ۵㣬ΪϫԵɰؾ۷ΪɽĴʱɴںƵĵλ˶ս̫Զ
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ϽɫƳһƷ֮ʮɹƾ
Ҳֻһ߷ˡ
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ͬ׾ȭ򵥵豹棬ȴ˺쿪أɱһж֡
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ȲεĽ棬ԳƵǧ겻꺱
ʵ֮ԿŵеպɱҲΨһ˲֪µǿߣܿеһЩߡ
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֮ĶԾʵŸտʼѣѾչֳҪأǬĿֶΡ
Ҳսˣ඼ȥû취ǵȶԾನҪĻڴ˶Ƭ̣
ʵ֮߳ȼսҲòֶַΣܰȻսˣҲֻԶԶս֮⣬Խ׳һ
ⲻò˸пм˿Խǵһ
䣡
Ŀ䣬ɫᣬ˫һ̤գ˲֮ƬضڲԿһ糱ˮĽɢ
Сֵܼڣò⣬ϧȼ̫֮ܺ򿹺⣿ɣ
֮նǧ
űȣԲ֮أٿȻһִӨϽɫ֣ÿһ϶֯ŷµķ֮ͷųҪĿֲϢ
һ˲䣬ͽͳϫС


929 ȫ
ϣһϽɫִӨŤ֯ΪԲض֡
ԶԶһؼӲٶһµĿռ䣬еףϽĿҫ
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Уϫܵһѹ⣬һ񹂣ǷϽϤ촷ۡ
ͬʱһɱ죬ɱС
ϽķУһİȴֲޱȵѹȣǷϢһĥѹΪ⣬ϵʱԽãֻĴԽӲ
飡
췴һ𣬽һ˲ѺͳϫǧٴΣޱȣ쵽˸ǵٶȡ
ⳡУϡԶѹƳϫһΪɽԶ˼ܹ⡣
ϫսɺս־ϣռݾƣ֮Ľ棬νɱ˸൱¡
ⷨУʱԽֻԳϫԽ
ǿһ㣬սһֱ߲ϫӲƴԼͥŲߣóϫлɳˡ
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أϫӰһչӿľˮ񹂣һɫɢḥ̂ѭת
ƿҵĴ֮򣿳룡
һ˲жϳϫͼһХ̽һĳغףָŷԣֱ˺գϫȥ
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顭
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ٲȥǰɱһĨƵӡҪٳϫƣĲ
飡
ȻڴʱϫӰһЮ޾ɱٿȻִǰֱײƿգƽâڼ򵥵һ֮УֱҪƬ飡
һΣ쵹ˣһͷ飬ͷɢпѪѡ
ˣ
һĻڳһ𣬲㲻Լ۾ˡ
ϫʱչֶ֮Σá족ݣ򶼾κβ˵սҲٲȻ˼ķ룿
һֻС϶ѣȻˣôЦ
̧ȥѪգоȣһֱŭɱӻָĮ
󣬸ֳһִɫķ֮֯ΪһĻĻɼϣһ¡
һ̣ûʲôˣѾʩչȫ
ͬһʱ䣬ϫŹ纣ݣɱ˷ƱϷ񷶼ҡ
Ҫƴȫˣ
ǺȻԶսѴﵽҵĳ̶ȣ˵֮ǰ̽ôɱֳܷʤ
䣡
߳ײһ𣬱뷨ڣƵϫܻ񹂣˫
һζԿ߽ԶѶȫʩչ־ֶΣԲʮءɽӡڹϼ֮С
һɲǣЩҲԿŵ龰ֻԼӰԡʢ⣬ɱսӵϴϣֱɱĻ찵أ޹⣬ķ𵴣ֱĩմһ㡣


930 ɱ
˵ɱȥ˭˭Ӯ
ͻȻоƺϫһЩƺӮ󰡣Ե֮˶Ӳ죬Ȿһ漣ˡ
˵Ƕôɱﵣֳܷߵ͡
һսۻңľ
սزȫڳ˵֪ڹĦһ̫ǿ֮Ķ㣬˸¶ۡ
䣡
һ̣˫籧£һöϵӡЮͳϽϼ죬ΧһӿֳɽɵӡȵȺ
һ־ɱΪӡӳѹһȣ

ϫȻ壬лٳûܣܼͨ磬һХչ͹
ѲٷأԪת£ͱӲ߸һײͷ˾˵ĺ
飡
ཻϽϼŽ۽ƽ羪٣ؼҪը
ӲӲĶԾֲ̫ͷųɱֱ֮սں˵궼ըѡ
ڳֱĿѣĳĪ
н۷һսһºĵԾ
䣡
һ̣ϫֽ̤նУ˲ȣ棬չΪľɱϢֲף
չأǱĥ¶սȫнâǬףΪ
һαɫٺƣܿϫһ
䣡
ϫǽನն䣬ڵ˺һѷ죬ɲ⣬Ԩѷܣɽ޲նΪ룬촷һա
ǺȻû뵽ϫҲʼչˣ֮ɲ
ৣ
ϫŤزβȼվٴնһ
һνޱȣ׷ʹ򣬲κδϢ֮ء
üɫ޿ɱ֮£Ӱ͵һ˫£ӭһӲȥ
顭
߽棬˲ǧٻײ
Ȼ˶Ȼǣⳡ֮УȻˣҲһ˿˿Ѫա
۳ϫԽսԽ£羪磬͵˼¡
ۼһȨҪϫѹƣͻȻ͵һʵ̫죬練ſ׼͡
飡
ϫܣǱһ硣
һǱѾõһ̺ƥͷ˶ΪҪѹʱ䲻ʩչһ˵׼
ϫ͵صɳȥѪ۸Ǳ飬ǿ֮޸
仰˵ⳡսУ۶ʱǷӲá
ԭһֱ̣ʾƳ˾㵣Զе
ϫ
۱ϣѰȻأ۷һսУȴ
ѵһսҪĻ𣿡
˶ݣ˸սܶ˸оһսҪˣΪƣӰս֡
䡣
ͻȻڣɫ񾲶ݣ㷢٣ȹѷ裬ս񣬾һֱսĬԡ
ô죬ü
ѿľ򲻻ԻսֶͻϮϫ˵ˮӳԶļս֡
͵ؾ԰ӵоԵʤҪʾ䲻ؽй
һսڽԸıϣȴЩͬѰˡ
ô˵ϫʹˣһ񣬵
ɽ磬Ŀ϶ǳϫϧ˼磬ʹõ֮ԽǿľԽ󣬶ʱڸ޷㹻
ɳϫĵĸ󡭡û˵꣬ͱ͡
Ϊ͵ط֣սڣϫû˥߰㣬һֱ۷״̬ԽսԽ£
ǳϫս
飡
ȻƲǰ㣬սУϫܱϵۣսɲڲָأԽսԽ¡
ڴʱһĵǧɣ
Ե鶼ԭҪֳʤսУϫٴŤתǬ
ֹǣһҲɫ䣬ɺȵܣһ˼ϣӵ˻
飡
ϫĮȻ𣬽һնһҵǺӣñٴεˣпѪѪȾ
Ѻսʱǿ֮ĩĻ˷ѿϢʱ䣿
ʱ򣬱һ£
ԭע⣡ˣ̼ñ˫ͨ죬Ȳѡ
Ȼһ̵һ׹ϫϱȻʲô˲õܹԴԴϵزԪ
ҲˣսһʼϫѴע⣬ҪԼһգ
飡
һУϫţƸʢЮٴɱһӿ棬ڵӲҳһɲĿ
˻ȻⶸȻľƣԴЩ¡
Ψ˿ΣнԶľѣ˵ڿս֮ϫƺһУ
ˣΪӮ𣿡
غȻѣͷɢɫ࣬ŭ£û˰ڴ޽ɵķȡ
ϫɳֽɱ
ˣЦҧãããƵʹýֻС޺ˣ
䣡
˵ʱݳһպڶӿһƥֱ񷣬Ʋ飬ǿ֮С
ͬʱһڣɫĿɲϢٿȻɢ
һ˲ѣԭʵأٿȻ޾֣ǺƲУɢһе
죬Ȼ
ÿ£˵һѳ˼ϣΪˣ
ôѵ±Ĩɱ
Զս˺һϣɫ䣬ǲиܵһ޷ֿļ¸оסһ󷢺Ļζֲ̿
Ϊɲ⣬һŭĨɱؼһг˼ܷܳΧ
һ̣ϫҲٿȻֹ񷣬͵½⡣
ԼȴòΪǱġˡڡ
گΪ֤
һХһиһگȻͷųɵϼһ֣һϵϣ˺޲ù򵹾Ͱݣȥ
ɽگӡɽе־

ɽگһ֣ǲϻ۶֮Ʋ̽ʲôٿȻΡ
ϵϢȴδˣ෴֮ղǿһ࣡
СϣҴɽ־κβңҵĶ֣
һɲǣ̬裬죬һϫĿоӺɭɱ


931 Ĩɱ
ƱǣԼĳطط֮ӿ֣֪жôֲ
ȻһĻϫйâʢδˣͨȼգѪ⾧ӨƮʢţҪٻپ죡
һɲǼ䣬ϫҲˣ
ںŨܵĳٿȻ˪ѩȼһ¯Ѫֱ񷣬˵ϢȻҲȻһ
ǡܶ˾
һɴС߱񹦣˲³𰸣⿪磬ӿһĨ֮ɫ
ԣŻȻޱ𾪣ŷֲֹǱɱﵣϫҲһֱز¶
߱񹦣ߣЦ
䣡
һ̣챬֣֮ŭһȭҳ̫кһʷʫĻԻϢ
һȭУȼհƺ˵˼¡
ৣ
ϫɫ׷ٷһԾգ֮Ӳ
գһ߾Ȼƽɫ

ϫڣսȼɱ
ߣ
һߣһ㣬õľ·ȼգӿֳ
һսעҪнʷ֮У˳ɱһƱȸղŸʢͷڿ˺ҧ
Ƭ̹ѽٲǧΣⷽԲʮĲ񷣬ѱѹõǺڶѷ죬Ŀġ
䣡
յ蹦һΣǸһӴԵɳȥΪõֲ̫ԱѪϵˡ

˻˫⣬ͫӳƷʢԣᾡǦ
˵վֻһ߷ˣϫǷһĨĻȣǡ
ֱ飬̬ôҶΣգȻ
ɱ
˲ѣٴγɱһ𣬱ս
һ̣Ѫ꿪ʼ϶һɲ˰̡ۣе˿Ƥ¶׹ǣɲ֮
òҪܾ˰ɣܶƲ⣬ɲ
ɷоƣʵ
ʯ٣ĿɡƽһдһĨľ
Ȼ˵ǰ㣬ϫ͵һ񣬻ǽŤͨ巢Х֮
ģӿָ֣񹂣ܻһǺӡ桢ƹ󣬹Ի͡
ʲô𾪣ܵһɲƵĲڣδͷϫѳ֡
ৣ
һҵĽն£򵥵ɸɾȴѽִ̻С
ֻ۾һʹҲһС
䣡
һء
ôܣΪβ˥ߣѵЯ񲧣̫ƿһǷʥһɽܱá
Ұ±ʱͿͷɢѪ״ħ˻Ť͸һĨš
ڶ棬ϫֽΣϢ纣ʼնδ˼ֺ
ŻȻΪαΪλ˷ŭʧ̬һĹ̥սֶ޷ѹƶԷȷѻ
䣡
ϫͲϻƶٴնֻһ죬챻û֪˶ٸʳϪƵĽɫѪǿɲ
㡭㡭ŭ÷ζըû뵽Լгһվᱻһֻ˼ϱȵ˾ȡ
ƫƫأ̫ҩҲԽǰȼü֮ŭġ
Ǳڴˣ֮䣬ܽԷɱ
ϧֻһ룬ע֣ܳΪԼ޽ɼǿһǾԻɻԵѣԹ񣬶ɽִ˼硣
ϫٴǰӿգžһϱ˫ۣƲӲڶԷϡ
ۣ
ɵɳƵģѪݶ䲻֪ٿţ˵ɳȥǺ
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ֱħԴ޽ɣߵﶼ簮绽꣬귭ƣܵ裿
Ŀ֮£һɰؾСϻܣ裬Īĳ裬̣ס
Ȼƾηŭϫɫʣǰһһնһļģޱȡ
˱𾪵ԣŴͣǲ֮ɫһʱţΨʣ±ŭ֮ĺء
˭û뵽Ȼ㷽ʽܣһ㣬ϫ׷ɱ޻ء
һ޽ɵķ
˭뵽ϫܹԵɰؾΪܣ
һĻ̫ףֱǼδδţҲΪˣŻڳԣ˵ˡ
ۣ
͵һѪ˫ڰУԡѪվվˡ
죡أһڰգҪ±졣

ϫȻ̧ͷ磬һӣͷųһͻͽֱӽ÷˳ǧ֮⣬Ѫѡ
ⲻѰ·
˼ˣԶҡͷѣϫܹѹһ޽ɵķ˭֣
ߣ
Ϲ
ǲ±֮ǿԺͳϫԿǣ˭ô
һɽĻǿҪܼΪصĳͷģ
οʮ֮УߺϹŶǣԶ䶥֧ǵ֮ʣȻ׳֡
ԭܼ򵥣һɽ磬䱳Žʧȥ޴̣ôպнҪӴȥ⡣
ΪӮҺ硭֮ǰ˵ҵò£˭Ҳ𡭡õ
̧ͷɫ࣬ĿԹضųϫ϶˵Сϣ㡭վСһɽģʱ
һ䣬ƴе˻˳ޱȵԹ֮ڳֱð
һ޽ɻģζһ붼ͷƤ顣
ȵɽ磬ʱҵֻڸǿ
ϫޱ飬Įɱ̤ǰһɱȥҪٽԷҹζ࣬ʲô⡣
֣
صһɲǣ첢δģҲδκκݻǺһֵĻ
ۣ
ͷأͬʬ屻顢߷Ȼû˸Ŀܡ
ˣ
ȻڳϫһĨɱͬʱһĲһ˲䣬ضһء䡢ļµϢ֡
޲ȻǻعͿͷϿգظһ޴ĺڶͨĴţһֻԲ̡
̷֣ܻϼѪӡ𢡢󡢹֡󣬾Ƿֱ졢ޡˡ


932 ˸
ڶģ·ͨĴţԲУݻ
һĻֵ̫죬ڱոδ˴ѹ֮ʣһ˲ͷϿա
ϫŤͷһɲǣֻٿȻһûʼգһ˿֮ûС

һŭӦҲ죬̽һץͳڶе̺ȥ
飡
ѪɽȻһĻˣұ۸һ̽ڶУֱӱѹ飬ѪͰ׹촷ۣ
ʱܣ˶пܱУ
۵ƺһӰˣɫˢһƬ
е޷ֲֿ̫ɰؾǿߣ޷ء
£
ϫҲһŭ𣬰׷ûκԥǺڶмȥ
ѿȴ£Ϊ˽ӻ£Ǹ̫ѪŬĹͷòӮһٴʧȥ
䣡
һ˲䣬ѳڶ֮ǰնþȫͷųһִͨĽݺնȥ
һȻܱʱõһֶθҪǿ󣬾ףͻͶ
ȻһеڸһǺڶٿȻ߽⣬ѩˮһ㣬ֻһƬȴ޷ıκξ档
һ̻ͷųһɿɲı䲨Ҫϫɱֲ֮óϫеһΣա
һ޷Լһֻϣ޷ܣ޷˲
һɲǣϫҲףµʵΪλ⧲һĻУһ˿ĺۼûУͱǺڶȥ
Ϊֲ̫ȫ˼ķ룡
ˣ
һûϫȫҪɱ֮ʣͻȻ֮䣬ǸӿһĨֲ־ȻֱӽһĨɱˣ
ͬʱϫֻڷһ鱻ӿһɬ첨˶ܿƵأǺڶгȥ
˵ҰУδʲô쳣ֻǺȻ֣ϫǺڶУһ̾èһ㣬ٿȻʧںڶ

շϫӰͬͻأֵĺڶʧ
һж̫죬Ǻڶ̳֣ٵ±ߣϱֱۣڳϫڶһϵеĶֻڶ̶ɲ֮䡣
ѹʱһжѻָ
˶һж֮ǰһˣ
ǡڤϢ
Ҳ²ⲻӦڤظʥڤ̣һʥ磬˵
ڤ̣
ȻһУһֻأƿڤеĴУĪ⣬˼ڤ
ڤ̣죬ò֮ǰѲ´УҪڤ֮Уͳϫɣ˾
޿ɷϣڤ̵ĳ֣һͱѲϵ
Ҳʶһ㣬һļ²ѣ˭뵽ڿս֮ǰĲ֣ȻԼˣ
ŲߵĻʵĺ
սĻƬҲع
ⷽԲʮɽĿ꣬ʯ飬ľɽһ߲ѵķ϶ڴÿһϡ
һУƺ˵ղһսĿֲ
ѪɽХʵԱ׳֮С
һսվǱӮˡ̾
ǳϫӮˣԵɰؾ֮ˣնɱ޽ɵһ߷ȱսνǿ˸עҪʷ֮У
գֻʧһ߷ѣºͳϫ˫˫ˣ˳ַ
ǿɲãϫ׻ȥ
۲ԶĬȻת뿪
ǺһգһսϢؽ𾪣ϫ֣ҲעΪʷҫ۵Ĵڣ֮ȼ磡

¹ɫˮ
˴ǰĴǣѷ׷ɢȥǵģֻʣǽ塣
ԭӦһʷǰʢ䣬񡭡
ǴϵһƬƬ꣬ɽбٵһؽƣܵеӡȻʧ䡢ߺޡȻ֮ɫ
¹涼Ĭˡ
һսӰ̫ˣֻǱһ߷ô򵥣ͬܵڵҲܵصĴ
ִʱ䣬ܹأ綯֮ʣִĺעֻԽӳء
һ죬ϫͱ֮ľһսһֲ˼ٶȴ£һȻ󲨣𺧡
Ҳһ죬ܵرɽţ׸磬һͷ˵Ұޣϵ˿ڡ
޾ʷУһעһ޷ĥӡΪǡ

ɽ磬һƵɽС
ϥеıһҵĲ̲ס͵һѪɫ˲ò԰͸
Сϣʧȥһǰɽ֮գһ˫оŰɱ
ˣ˺£
⣬һŮѶ磬Ϣǿз֮һɣ
££ɫȵ
Ůŵûһæͷ뿪

Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻֿڽסҪչһʱ䣬ڤдϢ͵ݹһŲҪң
Ů뿪
ʦ㣬òģֻҪõˡҲ㹻ˣңǺܼܿģ
һЦо͸һĨŨŨԹ֮ɫ
ͻָһӺݺͽ飬۾εıչС

Żɣ壬ϴ֮ϵͥԺС
һϮӻƵ۵ĳϫٿȻ֣üһĨĨȥɻ
Ȼڤ¼ҵıҲһڶ֮УǺڶͨľͷĪǱڤظ
ϫüһɲǣȻͱʧȥϵҲܲԷĴڣ黹ǵһη
ΣӦûˣڶֻҲܵҵķɡϫ
ڤ̡ڤ¼Ҳ֪ˡ
ãϫջҡҡͷΨڴ˾ĵȴ֮⣬ٱ
ڷǳǰдһֽ㣬Ըմ֮ƮľС
ϱֻд˶̶һ֡ǣǣһ
ͬʱڴϽ̳⡣
һݵ꣬һͷ¿һ飬̳֮ǰ
̳ǣ֮ˡ̧ͷü㣬ǴһĨ崺ǫЦݡ
¿ҿɽԽӺڽҪȴʲôҲգһԵΣ
귭¿ָ̧һ¿ףƺǲᣬջת̳ǡ
££Ǻ¿ͨһ㣬˻һ̼һϼٿȻ񷣬ʧ
һĻ̳һ˲㾪°ͣһͷҲõ
ĿٴѰʱȴʧ̳ǷˮĽֵϣѰٲ


933 ´Ժ
̳ǷʢٲȻѳΪϽһǡ
һУԳ¼ҵֱʡ
ŵ˵ۼߣ̳ϡһҡ
һĪҲֻгһ嵣
˭󲻵£̳ϣһٶǰ㸲һա
һоһֻܾ̾漣漣ˣǳ¼λµֵܡϫͳ껣
һ죬һź¿̳꣬ǣͥڽͷ֪˳ϸۡǰ
פڴˣһռǧĶĸۡƬ̣ת뿪
һС
販ʿһ˿赹ˮ˵üɫ˵飬ԴˮϯԵúò֡
ǰƷ˵˿еĴ¡
̳е˲ֲ֪֪꣬˶ٱ飬ÿ˵˿·ǰ
ԭڴµǳϫ׵ľ¶ǱһζشᡢȡȺǴһµȵȵȵȡ
һеľ˵˿˵Ĵ¡
ͬҲýζ͵ıûʲô
СѣȻˣβǰһ𣿡
˵˼Ҫ˵µʱϣͻȻһᵭϵ
ңңԶ˹֣ɫǫºͣ
ֵľٶʱ˲в˵ע⡣
ȴǻȻֽ̧һƿǰϣ˵ºһЦºܾʣҵĳлЦɡ
˵գת뿪
ٶһ㶣׷װĿͶϵƿϣƿֻĴߣͨӨ
ӿСƿװʲô⡣
һǰֱƿһһ϶һķƮܽ˵ꡣ
һ˲䣬ֵĲݶǽԶ¶һģͨ͸ˬȪϴһİ㡣
˵˷Ӧ죬һǰ־ͶƿȻСУΨһСĴˡ
һٿʯƿӣ
ҲӦɫѴһĨ޷Ŀܣɽһ˰ϡ
˵˼ҡͷȻ֪ƿھʲôȴܼſ϶˲õı
һǧʯҧ˵
˵ҡͷķӦƿ֮
٣С̰ᣬǿƤһݺ˵
־ǿ
˵˻Ȼ壬ҿɵ㣬̳ǣɱңҲˣ
һɫһһףݺһڣȻȥ
û취Ϊ̳ǣǵˣҲǣΪһ¼ҡ
˵˼ˣһЦһΪ̳ǱԺС

ɽУĵ֮ϡ
̤̲ˮ̬ƣƮҷΪ
˭ҴҼҵĵ̣һýӰͻȻںĵǰԶԶǰһ档
һ꣬ŨüۣͦΣӢ˲һ⺷ζ
˺ǿ
ͬʱԣֶһӰ
ͬһ꣬ݿţüĿͦ㣬ɢһ񾲵ȣƮȻ
ȻͬСһ괽߲ɷһĨºЦݣ࿴ʳһۣû´㸸ĸǳϫ£Բԣ
ƽȱֺ⣬ٻش㡣
Ȼû뵽Լһǰڣָоʡ
褶ýţġ
ڴʱһݵӰںĵ֮ǰ񳣬˫ƽȴ͸һɿĲɣĶȻǼخ
꣬Ȼǳ褺ͳ°ˡ
飬ǰһخƲʲôɫһ࣬
ˣȻԲ֪֮صʥˣȡɵʢһ飡
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935 ս
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ˣûɸеһģļһɾһǵĿֲ

ĵ֮ϡ
خ̧ͷȻؿһ۸ոշص飬ܲʵʦǿ̫ˡ
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خȻЦЦ뿪ʱ򣬰СһҲϡ
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Ȼв޸̫񣬲ָֻ𵤾ҵһЩֶθʩչ
ⲢԪٵ⣬ؼڡ߱񹦡͸֧ǾһԴ֮Ҳû취ڶʱڻָ
ϫҡҡͷٶ롣
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ϼƣͨɢһɺȻ纣Ϣ棬ڤ¼֣ʼһ˿ȴƽµǿҸо
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ϫһͷһ˵
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ʵڤ֮Ҳһֻ֣ΨڤзŻˡ
ҪСģʱҪѴﱩ¶ֻ»ΪڤдвݴСѵ
ϫȻƥ֮ĺ׼
ϾǵڤеĴбڤԣ󣬲ɿܵ
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ζڤУܹ֪Լλþ


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ΪŰ壬ɱƣŵĽأһѪա
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ԭܼ򵥣ͨղŵĹ۲죬ѷ֣֧ƺڱ׷ɱÿ϶¶ŨصɱʮĽ䱸;
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ȻԳϫ۹ǵʵ̫ǿЩһɫڤΪΨйĻ죬ӵŵҵΪ
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ϫȴ֪˵ʲôãΪ˼УγǴ
Ҫҹɫˣ죡ʰСĽ䱸ڴʱǹ͵سɫϾ͸һĨء
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һΣϫûٷǱŴ͵س˲ѣͲᱳһΣ֮Ľâƽ

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ˣϫֹŤͷһȻͿѾ̿ɱһ
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Ѿûˣ۾ɡϫ۴һս֣֪̿Ѻٵóˡ
ʱѱͻһĻŵɫҰףȻûз֣ԼצƵĽСڳϫϡ


939 ϶Թ
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ϫã泯˵С㣬һζԥֻԽԽ㣬㲻̿໥ͱԼǿ˲Ż㡣
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ϫˣ̲סŮһĨСͣ;һթѪȵļУЩĿɳѣп϶ʹɣ
ϫֵܣִ³֮㻹뿪ɡ
ʱ򣬹ٴο˻ˮ̫ն񣬺һע̫ķ粨
ͳϿңȻǷԷθġ
ϫƬ̣ʼ磬һεѾǸɣֻºˣԣǸΪá
һЩ֪˵ʲôã̾˿ǶԲס֪ˣӦڼʱ;ܾһߡ
ϧˣ֣ˣɲܶҲܰϫգգ۾ЦЩûûΣٲȻһҼȻ븺𵽵סģ
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940 Ⱥ
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ǿʼɵжϫѡһƬյأʼϥޡ
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Ѿһ£ϴɵĴɱ֮󣬴һֱͭϣδ¶档
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Ҳͬϫ̫ᣬǺ£̫ĻﲻʲôæԼ˵׸
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ߵִ̫٣˭ûע⵽˳ϫ

ô˻ᣬɱˣڤ¼һҲã뿪ѪأֻҲȻˡ
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ڳϫ٣ǼԶߣϢطɳһ޴ڵӰӣǵء


941 
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ѪǣұչأҵѪڤ飬ǸĶֻ̫Ҫɹˡ
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һͷ˳ںڵ㷢ʣһϮɫƿȹѣüĿ续
Ψһӣ԰ףһ˿Ѫɫ
Ů˺ʸ߹һһ͸һĿϢһڹ֮ҵСһ㡣
Ǵһ߱ڵͭײ߳ϫȷԷȻһ
ߣѪڤ鱾Եߵ֮ôģ飬뿪αɹ뿪ѪأٲΣ
Ѫǵߵ˵ʱȫȼɫץʱЩȺ׼
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ȻǹʵȴǽԶڵɾ֮ϣ߽棬ɵƻԲڶɨһգʯ촷ۡɽ
ŮʵǲؾѣȻһصļһѹƵ̧ͷʺĹҪԷֹһ
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С˵ţһ챾ץס㣬Ϊū̢
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ۣ
ò˵ⱴķӦͬڲΣһɲǣӰһ֮յرܿҪλãֻһѪ

ɫ֪ʹһ㣬̧һƳĨɱȥһУǧ֮⡣
ȻƿѪصŮ飬ֻҪֿΪãҿ㲻
ӰһɫУֻ¶һԷ絶аӡ
רΪģ
ˣ̬ɴݶţף޳ˣĵˣȻûаɭɭϢ
ֻ˳·ѣѪصŮһơġõһȻ鴫Ҳ̲סΪС
ɵûκεĸ鲨ȴ͸һƿȫְ֮ɫǶԼʵһš
Ȼܹ±ʮ㡣
ģ
ԶĳϫüЩɻ
ڤ磬ܹʵģֻ̫ʱڣܹԹ֮ĵģֻһˣǾʥٹʣڵڤ۳֮ǰʥٹʿһպͨ
ʱСڣϫ󣬡ŮʥٹʵһõץסƳһģнĪ档
ϫвһȣû뵽ǱȻôͷ
ܹ֪ҵҲ֮ĪڤظУɫ䣬ûб飬˵һԼ޹صһ㡣
֪֮ǰڤظвٴǰѪأҪץ㣬ϧһֱԵһ档
˹˵˵ǣ㱻ײˣͽʹȻôǷǹ˳ңҵʱ䲻࣬Ŀʱ䡣
˳㣿Ϊ˽һģ
鴽߷һĨŨŨĳ֮ɫϧ˵㣬˾ĴˣҲκβңΪǸͲ֪ľк
˵ţһУ۳һĨɫٻâٿȻּӰȻһĹߣʧС
ȻһּΪصĶ
Цҿһ̿ͣóľɱ֮ӵ
ӰһٿȻʧԭأһ̣һ𣬾ԭվλãϸָڽ͵سһ̡
飡
һ죬һ㣬ͻȻըǴԼӰĴе


942 
鴽пѪһɷһƬ
ΪĿλãȻһѪ˿ܺ죬ʴƤ⡣
ˣɫֻɵУѴһĨļɵ֮ɫȻǹ޼佣ǵ˾Ĵˣ
ƺһЦû뵽ǲ֮Ĭˡ
ظ˾˾ѹ׷֮£ֱߡ֪жǰҪܵ˾ߡίɣ˴жΪңǷ˴ɣ
ƽΪҲͽ꣬Ҳδڤظɣ֮ǹȺңصظ֮У˾ֻĲ㡣
ԣɲ壬зӿһĨŨŨĲм֮ɫ˱һۣڤλʱڣ˵ĻҼɵ֡
˶٣ҡͷϧȴһ£ֹڤطڤظУҳһţ˾Ϊʮ޻ɣ˾Ҳڶݡ
ڻȪŵǡ巽ŹأԶӵأҪҷһ˭ֻڤ۶µĹأ
˵⣬һĨ֮ͬɫ̫ãڤ磬Ѳǵڤλʱˣ㻹˾Ϊ뷨ʵǿ
ӣϵһ¶һĨȻ֮ɫû뵽ʱѱҡ
Լȷչ̫ˡ
һ̾
ˣ⣬˵֮ҲӲˣٸһλᣬԹԹ˳ңɱھͽˣ
̾һ㣬棬ϧڤһǻѪȴԽԽͳ
ʱʹȻڤ˵ãվ֣֮Ȱ㻹Ϊáɵ
ৣ
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飡
һâ׻飬һЦСˣŰɱŮ˲֪ж٣죬Ҳ㳢һζ
˵ʱٿȻһխϸָڵڽ˵һ㽣âХֶȥ
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һӣӶ͹˳ѣҪɺԶƵģƵƵѡ
ϧֻ˿ʯһս

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飡
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ڤȵĴ̿ͣһԵؾΪɱؾĴڣȴ˴ӱ͵Ϯֵģû
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е֪ʶںܾǰ
ܾǰڵڤۻƿڤʱ򣬾ֻа¡
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Ͼؼһһĺ֮Ҳû취ʱȥڵ塣
һָҲԼʵδָ֮ǰ԰Լ鷳
ϫһಽԼı飬˼


943 
һͣٽŲʱʱͷ֣˳ϫ
ˣǼһֻ𵤾Ϊòûϰɣл˵
᲻ˣ˾ɵ
ǡȺ¡һĻֲ̫˵𵤾ΪڤɾǿߣܲʱֻҲѡ
죡
üǳ⣬ԭһ֮ϫٲǱ㻤С·ҷȥ̽һ
һ̲ס˵ġ
ִϵҪ¶ۣ
˳ĬȴԼоγϫֻҲزˣȺ£Źһ𵤾Сһ
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壬ϫҪɣŮ죬԰ɵСϴһĨ޷εɫһ˿
ƺоԼ̫⣬ûչ˺óϫŻóϫӣ䲻
С㣬ϫ࣬Ӧòµģõġο
ҲԣϫɵĴɱܶ㿪϶µġ۾һһŵ
ˣȴһ̾Ҳϣ˰
뵽⣬ͻȻ̧ͷС㣬³еĴӿɿ𣿡
ִСͺչң׿壬Ҹ׹ϵãӦòվڶǱߵġ
ư˿Ǿͺãǵִ³ǣͽӵŲƴ󣬸ȪһǵĶֱȻ׷ǡ
˵ͷҲ֪ʲô¶һĨȻʧ֮ɫҵģǷУҲᡭ
ŮļֹС㣬õģȷУҾͻϵ˾еһֵܣΪС㱣ݻġ
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ʱ򣬱ȴſڣǱ飬Ů
ԣֹǹһ㶣ϫǶס鴤һ£ĿŹֵƳ˱һۡ
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췢ģ֮ǰɴûͱ仰˵ⶼǱŵ˵ǡ
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Ů˵ο̬˵źʹݣͬһڹ֮ҵĹ㣬һŮ

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ģһĿһĨȻ֮ɫ
ϫͷ
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ϫû뵽Ů˿佾ƢǺܲġ
һ·ϣڱͻȻ룬һмΪǿҵĽ䱸ģڹ˵ϫһ֮˶ʱҲԱ¶һĨͬ顣
ǿɵļ䶼Ĩȥı
˭Ҳû뵽λؾǿߣʧ˼䣬Щ̫ˡ
ȻǸտʼҲɣ֮ͬ󣬷ֱ鲢춯ʼһظڳϫߣֻɽʲ١
˷ʼЩĽϫˣо𵤾ļһȻײӵһλŵĵǿΪŮֱײ˴ˣ޸

ԶԶѾܹصĲ񷼫Զһ۳ǣ̾ڵƽϵһͷ޴ޣĿ֮
³ǣ
ǼԶ۳һϽԶ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
û뵽ǾδһΣգѵЩĻ쵰Ѿ𣿡һЦ˵
ҲЩ⡣
Ψгϫ֪ԭҪǰ֣ϧȴԼǰ˻һΣ
ѵ㻹Ͳɱ㣿Цǻһ֮󣬾ͻ˻֣ǰ·
³ǽˣܹ۳ͨڣ֮̾䣬ǳǽаɸߣһִĻѣڳǽܣ飬ڳǽ֮ϵɻϵɢڣҫʮ
ʱǳǰвٵڽԵΪ֡
ϫģĴ󺺣ֳɶޣһӺƵĹ꣬ȥԵΪء
ǱڤжеġˡץԩΪְҵҲԴı
ܿ죬ϫͱһȺ
Ϊһ۵ִ꣬ȣһͷɸߵ֮ϣ̬ƣڵˡ
󣬸һװӣԼĪϰˣռųǰĽֵһͣɷˡ
·˷ǵ¶κβЩ˵ĿУ͸һĨļɵ;η
ϫĲЩǽµȻһͷ룡
룬ؼһֿޣͷˡ𽡢䡢ͷȻ֮󣬻ӿڤ֮УȻű񣬻ΪԼ
ãҿˣ
ǽңңһ֮󣬵۾һӹЦų


944 ˾
ʱ򣬴Ǵͭ߳꣬СϵһĨ˷֮ɫ֣
ǽЦε֪ȻҪѪأҵĵ춼û˯þ㰲Ȼִ㳤һ
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һ
Ǵ޼ϴ޷ĳӣһдС֣ƿغ³ǣλгְ֮
һԷɿϫ͵츳ǴеٮٮߣӵеؾΪڶݣʺʵǰ˾ְˡ
ϫͷȷǸ
ԣɫһͣ𵤾Сӣǫ飬û뵽ǻġǿߣ˭ƾӣ
ϫ˹ɫ΢仯вһЦԼɰؾ۷ߣѵһصĴڣ
Ҳƣ𲻱Ҫᡣ
֣˾һڣΪβڵظ˾֮ڣϫ̲סʵ
һ𣬳ϫڤˣ˽Ҳ˵ùȥ½͵˾ǰظейٵר֮£Ȩ󣬸˾ȴʮ޵һȣڤظе
ϫɰһݣô˵ĻڵĴһ壬Ȼܹƿ˾ȻڤظҲһ˲õȻ

³ںܷǷԼȴʧֺ롢Ľ˼Ǿ»ķȻͬ
ǳϫĵһڤĳǳأһоǡ죡
ֵϣƮһƵĹ𣬵ɫεɫɫٺɫɫͷףɷѤ
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棬һһŮеĸߴӢ䣬ͷһĿĶ࣬Ҫ˶ɣƽһϢ
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ÿһ˾ǾϸѡζѡεΨһ׼ʵ
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Ҳ֪ڤظһУлᵹҪܹڤʥģֻǺηʥˡ
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ִ˵غ󣬳ϫͱһͥԺУԡЪϢȵҹʮٰ֣ϯΪһ˽ӷϴϫҲ֮С
ȻҲմ˴Ĺ⣬Ͼ¶Ϣʵ̫һЩеĻв硣
ڴˣϫҲΣܲһչֳһȫµľɣĻɾ̫ˣ̫ᡣ
ˣôʱ䣬ȽѪǹʬڵڤ֮ռڤ¼һΪá
ϫԡ֮ˬһ
ܺ棬ڤ¼޸ܱ֮ھֲأ


945 ֻؾ

Уһƴʵʵڤ֮Ѫǵʬʶ󱻳ϫǰڤ¼С
ڤ֮ܶأ˼ĸȫͬӯһɱ䡢䡢ζ
Ľǰ棬ӹɣڤ֮ͬһּΪǿ
ҪһȣȴѷɫԪһ
ҲˣϫղԪѱڤ¼֮С
ˣ
ڤ֮ӿ룬ǰƴСͨһڤ¼ȻӿֳһĨٹϢ󡢹㲩䡣
ϫˣвһϲȻڤ֮ǿڤ¼һԿףҲֲ޷̽Ѱаء
ৣ
յ蹦󣬵Ѫڵڤ֮Ҫȡһյʱڤ¼һ͵ؿһĪĴţڵķ羰һӳڳϫǰ
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ϸȥһĹ㣬۳ߣѭ֮Уγһµ˹ͼ
ֻأȻֻ֮벻ڤ¼֮Уնɱڤ֮󣬷ĻǿѰϵķУȴһû뵽ȴСһˣȻ춨ͽȻ
СͻȻڣоǴһĨƵĸп֮ɫ
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ֹ绮֮вͬڤУֻ֮ΪϣŽ񣡡
С˵ڤֻأѭУڤۣܹ֮Ǭڤ磬ⲿֻؾû
ԣϫҲǾ̾ѣû뵽ڤ¼ĵһҳϣһ˸ŽϹ
Ϣڤˣǡ˹ԼһҲĿպ̳еڤ۵²־ͬ벻ֻؾ
СϾֻؾֻһô򵥣ڤ۵Ĵݣɳȫ˳ؽڤظΪһڤۣ
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ԣԳϫĥµüʯĳľҲɷһĨ޷ƵĲ
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Ժ飬˭Ԥ֪أ
ϫ̾˿˱ɽβĸѩ䲻ĸ׳
ϵ̫࣬Ҳ̫࣬Ψһ·ǰУΨи

Ѫʬڵڤ֮ռһգȴֻܴڤ¼һҳҪٿһҳȴ֪Ҫڤ֮
ڴˣϫҲǿ󣬶ǽעڡֻؾϡ
ѭһһ٣
ֻؾľڣʮ֣˹ţǽΪйͼʮ죬ʮСѭ
ף⡰ֻؾʵһ϶ԣȴΪɬ棬棬ѭ٣ֻ֮
ԳϫԣԲѿеİ
յ蹦
ǽֻؾаġ
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ϫܿͷ֣ԼԪУѴһڤϢ䡢䣬ƺƵһڻ춴֮У˾仯
ǻ춴УԭһƬԻ͡塢͵ǬһЮڤ֮Ԫӿ룬ʱ֮䣬ӿ磬쫷ХһжҪع֮УǬһ㡣
꣡
֮䣬һ˺Ѷ£ӲٳһƬĿռ䡣
ƬռУqqһƬԼֳʯšǿຣˡȵϡŹֵ
ڤˣ
춴磬ӦӳأѭǬ֮䣬ڤ﷽п֮仯鷽ϲ֮ѭ
ѭУݱ䣬Ǩ֮
һɲǣϫ
ڣǻһģĺͳѭҹ棬ʱУļ֮Ǩһ޳гı仯һֻء
յ㣬֮㡣
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ڴʱͥԺ⴫һƬ̺󣬱Ĳ𣬡үǰڳ¾ϯү硣
ԣϫӴ߲ɷһĨЦ֮ɫⱴ鵹Ǵɫܿ죬ٲȻǰԼֵַСŮˡ

ƻ޺磬ټĴѤͨ
ϫִʱѵִʱϥڰ֮
³ǳִͬϣںԱߵĴ̸
ͣԵΪɡ
ৣ
ϫȻǣԼűһɲǣ˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢԼϣɫ޲һĨ⡣
λǳϫֵˣ
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һ£ϫЩȻˣҪ֪չ¶Ϣֻǽ𵤾ѣԷһλǿߣ³ǵһ֮ʱ¡صóϫβȣ
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־Ҵ޼ҵĴˣϣĪҪ⣬ʲôĵطҲ
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һǳһ㣬óϫٺøΪܹܵԷڷԼ̬ȳϿҶֿ
Ϊֵһǣϫϯȹ˻Ҫλʹϯ൱һϯĴ
ɴ˿ɼһӷϴ磬ȷǳҪлϫһԭ޷ǳϫ˴һ
Ҳһ˵ڴУжҪˡ
÷ʢϯӲĳɣ
һ߽ˮһһϰ֮󣬴վƱҪ˵ЩʲôڴʱͻȻһЦӡ
ԣɫһžƱ·£Ŀ磬ңң⡣


946 ˾
һһɿͰÿɫ˾߲ƣ
һ˲䣬˽ԶĿ⿴⡣
ֻһˣ̤ҹɫʩʩȻ߽˴Ϊһ֮꣬㣬ʯ̶ɰ㣬һаȵϢ
󣬻һһŮȻԵظ˾Ĵ˾硣
ˣϫüֻΪ˴
󵨣ҹ
죬ٽӼã
⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲǳĻڼף糱ˮӿ
ˣüͷһ壬ϯֵ°ɡ
Щˣ΢΢һ˿ֿ˿Ǵеˣջȥ
Щ飬ѹ͵ӣǿЦ޹ӿɵúúõһûţǳʲô
Ϊ׵Ц޼ɵһ㶼˶Ե
磬ǰڴˣΪȡЦҵ£
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ȻǣҿģŴ޼Свݻһµĵ
Цһ絶Ӱ㣬ϯϵĴϣԷŵС԰ףЩ岻߲ɷһĨڽ֮ɫ
أ˵ôӦĿʱ𣿡
Ŀ磬Լķŭ
ֻˣǲɵɽ磬ͲòСˡ
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Ҫ֪Ժɨڤеκһǳˡ
޹ӣȻ˵ȵزҲֱԣֻҪ㽫С㽻պǴ޼ҵĴԻ㰲һǰ̡
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ϫһ̾õģң͵һϷˡ
Ŷϫϵİο֮ɫûһůеȴһʱ޷ĨģԹȥϷˡ
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ô˵ҲӦҲҪɱˣɫ࿪ڣмһɭ䡣
ֻϣҪˡ
ʼ磬̬ɣȻûѴ̬ȷС
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ҧһĨƵĲҪʲô
Ҫٶ˵վҲ㽻ЩУ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôִϣ̬ϼ
޹ӣһսǹȻǰ

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һｻˣڤ粻Ĵ
ЦͷĶһ㡣
λãҲˣҪһ棿
Ŀһɨ˱ϣ٬һ촽Ц˵
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ӴλãòỹҪһ𵤾СķԸɣ
״ƾȵ˳ϫһۣɫȴǲм֮ɫŮ˶ҪҪɱٶ֣
ܲ죿һУϫţǿ飬Ȼʵ
ܣشĺԥ
мɰգϫʡ
ɱ򵥣ֻ죬ȴЩС鷳ü˵
ǺãɱȻͱˡϫİ塣
֮ĶԻδдһ˶УѹŵУһ˵Ĺо
һ𵤾Сһһǿȥɱˣ

룬硢ôΪģоСֻǱɵˣŻ˵˰׳յĻ
ҲЩȻȻ֮ǰѾӹ֪ϫѪײһŮǿŮʱЩɡ
ɿǰһĻҲǲҲˡ
ҲãŮ£㲻ǶԷĶ֣㹻Ϊȡһ˿ܵˡ
䣡
˭û뵽ڱõϫĴ֮󣬾ʲôҲˣֱƮ֮䣬ɱ硣
Ȼһ˿ִųϫ
Ǹ׳հŮ˰Ȼһ𵤾СĻ
һɣĿӿһĨɭɱ⣬ϣ絶ݺУĹס
֣æ뿪˴˴ǰдԵ´ټһȥѩһڤ𣡡
ϫϣǷɿĴ
δ£ѳ𣬴һɱ硣
ͬʱҲǺȻӭ
һʱ֮䣬ھ罻ʢⱬһɽͻȻ䱬һ㣬һж촷ۡ
ϫһĴ͹죬߲ɷһĨ޵Ц⡣
ߣСĻʵ뿪𣿡
ҡͷһʧ꣬ԸһҲҪԷС
ϫļ򣬵ģ˭Ҳˡ
˵ţ̧ͷ΢УĿкէ֣һš


947 ϫ
¡
ڵҹɫ£³ǳ͵زһʢȫǽԾ
һӰ񷣬ҶսŭڣϼԲ֮ڣϤ˲ս
ڵɾǿ֮ĶԾָɽӱ飬޹⣬ǵƣó˲ֻ̱ӣΨֱ
һʱ֮䣬Ǿ޵һƬ
һƬУϫŴפս֮⣬ʳʯĿս
ƺܲ
ǹ죬ǴԶǵ˶֣һսʹڱѹƵ״̬ƴηֻܡ
ΨһóϫԷĵǱ飬һƹõŮˣʵӹɵǿɱռһ˿Ȩ
ΪȻǣͶ֮䣬һڡ˰⡱Ϣδ¯ĵزȴǲС
ҲˣԶ˾Ĵ˾磬Żᱻѹܡ
˰⣬ǿڤߴ֮һͳ١ս岢УԭϫΪϣԼ֮⣬аȻ֪ƺһ˿ƫ
ڴʱȻһȴ֣ʲôٴ뿪
Ǵһŭ
û뵽ϫǵûߣɵվԶսһĻֱζը
ƴΪȡһҪóϫʹȻĻ뵽ᷢһĻ
ѵһﱻɵˣ
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֣Ҳߡ͵ؼ󺰵ˣҲҪˣ
ϫٲжھɱ㣡
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޹ӣиһ̫ˣôҪ飬ܽһأԹɣУ˭ҲӲġ
Цȭ羪һ̽˺գǧȭӰƵˣͲκδϢʱ䡣
꣡
ͬʱһ࣬Ϻɫһ˫͵һɽݺӡڹš
ۣ
͵һѪߵķƵģɳǧ֮⣬Ŷȥɫ԰ףش
壡һɷ͸
ˣ㻹ߣѵҪǶɾҧͷɢ״ħ˻
ˣϫվʵˣ
º󱻶Էᣬһ֮Ϊһ̵ȷɱʰ̬𺳵
ѲԼԹۣ
һжˣҽڤ粻Ķһ𵤾Сϻ˵ɱɱӵȥ
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һɲǣԷӿһĨִģ̼ѪҺ˷
Ϊ˾Ĵ˾˫ֲ֪մȾ˶ٵѪȣÿһɱˣһƮƮɰ˷ܸоˡ
Ȼʮ𼱵ʱ̣ͻȻ֮䣬һ޴ȭͷ׵سҰС
ţǡ
δӦֻپһɽײȥѪˮģȧǡͷȫ촷ۣԴֱðǡ
ܼʱһȭ䱬Դ
ˣ˻ǷһޱȵĲҽУƨɰ㣬͵سܡ
˭Ȼ͵ϮҪɱ㣡зУѪģˡ
һĻʱڼսһ׷֡
̧ȥֻһεӰ֪ʱڹǰ忡ǣһǹͱ죬·Ҫ棡
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ԣϵϢô֮ǿ
Ǵǹ죬ԶϫϢԨ纣Ųѷɫǿߵƣ
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ǵңԺнԲԼֳͬͬһͷһ֮ǰһֱʵ
գһӱó
ڴˣϫǸȻ֣֮ǰҹЩһ֮Ǹ
δȴǷ˻һɱ˹Ķ͵Ϯӣ
ѾϫһȭԴݣѪģˣΪ˾Ĵ˾
οԷȻʵչֳϢҲֻ൱ڵһؾѡ
һһȻ͵ϮԼԽԸԣֱһĪĳ裡
䣡
ӡ羪ףѹգЮһɿƣɱ
һ̣ǳŭ޳֣һ־ѹ׵ɱС
ڴˣϫɣʯƵᣬԷȭֶʱ̽һۣһץһһ
򵥵һǳɣȴ̺裬Ϲӱ̶иͷ­һ˿̻Ϣ
һɲǣǰһСƵģֱӱϫסƱ̽ȡﻹҪ⡣
ֱһһսɸƵģƤĤһ죬Ƶģ᲻һ˿
һһҽУ飬Ѫҹա
һץһһƻʵһ˲ɣĲ˼飬˻عʱǲ
˻
ͫһԶɵһ
Ƕ˾Ĵ˾ؾΪɱ˲֪׻˫մѪȣʵսǷḻ
ȴһ֮䱻ɱˣһ˿ضûУβ𾪣
һ˲䣬˿ϫĿⶼ
֣ŹЪϢһ˾ͽˡϫƽ˵
ɫӵؿ˳ϫһۣ֪ⲻٸʵ׵ʱ򣬵˵Ĺ˵һԡ
Լûʶûвһ˿ͷƳϫĻһ㣬Уţϫ㹻Ӧǰľ档
ѣû뵽ԭһλز¶ĸ֣ôЩˡ
һĿӥ㣬ųϫ˵¸㣬εжǣ˾˾˾˾ȵȻôֻẦԼȰ㻹ĪҪϽΪá
ϫȻ˵ˣ
޶Ե̬ȣüͷһ壬۵һĨ֮ɫգǿסɱ̣ҿԵ֮ǰû
֮ǣȫԼ̡
ɴҲɼղųϫնɱһ˶𺳣Ǽɵڴˣıԣֻ¸˵ˡ
ϧȴû뵽ϫͲڤˣںЩв
˵ˣ·ɡ
һ̣ϫ³֣̬ƽ˵һѰ顣


948 ڤ
һ֣ϫһ䡣
һµķţȫʢ⣬̤֮գΰ¶һǬɽӰȡ
Ȼòᣬһ̣ȴۻʼ٣죡
ֻؾ֮ΪѾָһؾңԷӳ۷ʱڵҵս
ȻֻɣȴĨɱǿߣ˼սУѱ֤
ųϫƷ츲صı仯һ˲䣬ɫһ䡣
ƣɱʵʣǵأǴѪսǧĥ¶Ѱĵɾ棬޷ӵУ
һ﾿˭
졢ˣЩɣһʶϫһ㣬Ǻϫʵݾˣ
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ڳϫƱ仯һɲǣкӿһĨΣյļ¶ĥ¶սʶһ˲ףٲֻ֣¾ˡ
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һ߳һһңɱϫ
Ƕˣһ˾Ĵ˾һǶ˾Ĵ˾ԶڤظӵȨǿߣʵս飬Զޱȡ
˿̸һ֣ɱֱ񷣬ҷƣ֮
ϧǽһս̬սḻĴڣһƶȻ޴档
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ֳֽ򵥵һȴ˺գնͷųبʷʫĻԻϢ׽˹߽⡣
ÿֲĽΪ
ɫ䣬һҧٴιɱﻢ£Ψƴһ·ߡ
ϫڴˣȴǲӰ֮УͥŲԷǣԵüΪ⡣
һȻǸز¶ĸ֣
һĻŵĳ׷ɣϫĿ⣬Ǿȣɻ̲סʵٸ˵һһϸڡ
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˵Ҳصģڤңڤظ໥Թ˲ϾֻҪй¶ݣȻǡ
˵⣬ĿңңһսݺصľӰԴӵ˵οûע⵽ѾʼڤˣϢѺڤûʲôҪʶݣֻܽʯǵʥ
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ˣڳ𺳲ѡ
ǵؾǿߣפڤѪ֮ϵ˾˾սɱΣڤ¡
񣬾Ǳϫһˣ
类ŵûһܣ̲סеľ֣˺գҪ뿪Ƿ֮ء
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ϫ𽣹ȴһ̾Щ⣬ʵδָնɱĻ˷£

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ϯ䣬˽ԶһֽٺɸУƵƵϫƣҲ֮ϫ֮Ϣȥˡ
ڳϫΪҪʵ⣬ûȥʣΪϫնɱˣ֤ʵ⡣
ȥʣԵ̫⡣
˿ڤظеĴϫĴ治죬ڹؼʱ̰Լȥնɱǣ
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ˣϫҲǰһֻҪԷûǾͺá
ˣ֣ڤں֣֮ϫͻȻʵ
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ϫԼЩϻɫԶһЩŹ֮ɫԼĿУһ˿ɡ
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Ͽҽ͵;ȴϫϣȻЦԵ˵һӦңܹϴС㣬ˣƾһ˵֪һжѰ
ϫɫαŰһЦȻˣִͺһ뿪ɣȵڤظһ˰̽һЩϢ
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ܿ죬һޱ˰Ͽȣǰ޲TϿȣУڤߵ֮һı˰ıԴ֮أ


950 ڳԺ
޲TϿȡ
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ΪĿϿеһɽ壬˷ɸߣֱ񷣬¾ܹͣı˰ϣһȼյĻɽһ㣬Ŀ֮
ʱвٵڤߣɽƶѰʲôһ㣬Ӱ㿣Եʮ㡣
ӶѰһˣס͡Ʒ׵ı˰ֻѰٵ׼ģǵù͸ˣ
֪ˣҶˣҲֻ׼˰Ҳ֪ʲôʱܲ˰ء
ϧǱ˰ϵĽ̫ǿΨһ˿˰ļһ̤ϣȻҲȥܻһű˰ʵⱲӶóˣ
У룬Ǳ˰ɲ˭϶ϵģ
һϿǰ𣬱ϫһ˿˶С
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Ϊ֣ԷòᣬɾҲһλǿߡ
ѣǵ飬ĪҪ֣С˵Լʦֱ俪ڡ
ʦ֣˿ң
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˷׷¶ɫųϫԴ֮䣬ǲ֮ɫ
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ڤŮʿɫһ䣬ǵƳ˳ϫһۣԿϾ޲TǶǻȪĵ̣һЩˣ֪

ϫָ̧֣ңңڵһڵ˺һѷ죬ѷԷ˼ٶӵʦֽ£Ȼֹͣ
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Щȼ֮ɫԽŨңƷԽߣﵽģֶʮƬƬƬȼա
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Ҫ֪ڶרߵĵġ׽١ʱĵĶκһ˿Ļ㱺Ͷҡ
һƷ㾹ɼкεȲˡ
һСֶΰˣȡ˰ʵˡСǡ
ɳɳɳɳ
ʱ䲻һشȼհı˰Уشһ˿˿ϸ΢ĸO@紵ңͲš
ȴӲϫĶĿһϢ񣬱⾪Щӵǻ۵ı˰ʵȥ̽
ܿ죬˵һĻˣһſ뵰СͨƵĹʵһشصı˰С
ЩСƱһƵķһ˾ƵģڻҶ֮ҡҡλΣһȻʮ֮࣡
ϫܣҪȫץסԼı˰ͻԲزˣ


952 û
ʺı˰УһſͨƵĻʵҡҡλΣɢı˰Ϣƻһ㡣
ϫ𺳣˰ʵϡֵǣҼץڤŮʿٴ̻ʱ䣬ŽһһŶѡ
ɴ˿֪˰ʵжѻˡ
ǰȻʮű˰ʵʱƣЩĿ֮Уóϫβܣ
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Щ˰ʵǻͨ飬˵Уôۼһ𣬻ϼ磬ϢһЩ
УϼǧƳһţһĻ֮·ͨڤҪš
ˣϫʱ֪ٵȥˡ
ʱٽƬɽƲʲôɵŨҵı˰ϢĪر
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ԼĪа˾ˣΪ׵ľһģŮ
ȻŮ˵˰ߴԷֲ
ʱ̣ϫҲΧһǿϢɨӶԥȻ֣Ȼˡ

⣬ʩչΪΡ֮̽һץһƬʢۣĻһƬ˰Уʼץ
ͬʱǲкȫ
ףȻ˱ǻȵ
ϻϽ֣Щ˰ʵ޼֮
죬콵ԵǴɾ̫ϧˣһ֣Ҫһţ
˺ųһ̬ܿȣ۾ˣϴ٣Щ˰ʵﳹױûҡ
ϫ֮ǰܲһЩƣҪΪ˷ֹ˰ʵӵȴסЩˡ
ΪӵǣɱǰӶ˰ʵԳϫֶ֣κ˷ָ
ϫɫһ䣬Ǳɱջûзһ֣࣬һһŵı˰ʵսС
Щʵǻͨ飬ȱʣŵõҴܣʱЩ˼ƽϣɱǣҲزȳʧ
ӴСЩֶΣ˲죬˳ϫһۡ
ô࣬˰ʵһ֮ٽСҲ٣¶һĨɫ
䣡
ͻȻ䶸Щ˰ʵƵ޿ӣųʢ⣬һػˣܺӿȥ
˲ҽУϯֱӹ꣬񱻷ٻһ˲ͻһѿݹǡ
ͬʱһϼŰƥ˰壬ƻư㷭£Щɱ
ãЩ˰ʵŭˣ
ˣˣ
¡һһ֮ĻϼڿգЮ˰Ϣٴɱˣ꣬ɱƿɲޱȡ
Щ̫෴ִܹڴ˵ģ޲ӵеɾΪЩ˰ʵһѣȴһϹһ㣬̺˰⣬ƿ֪жֲ
֮䣬Уʮ䵱ޱȡ
ܹģԷӹֿɱȣδе̰̼һԴ󷢣׷״߶ȫһ๥ɱ
ʱ֮䣬ɽһƬ
Щ˰ʵҲס׺ƣ׷ɢƲ档ʼӴܡ
˼ˣŹһ·Ҳ񲻷ˡ
գϫŲű˰ʵҪôӵҪôϴ٣ɫҲǱ
ԼѼ˰С䷽òһȺı˰ʵȴЩ˰;ϴ٣βóϫŭ
λѣܹЩ˰ʵøҵȣ꣬Ŀ˳ϫϡ
ʱ»Զ˹룬ɲ٣µĶǸеǿߡ
λѣǻȪ֮ˣܽйʵóҵȱȻһļǮһߣǡǮ硱˹˳ϫ·ӵ
ߣôϻԶʳҲŵͬⲻͬ⣡ǵڣΪ׵ģŮ
ϫԹۣɱӿЩժԼӣȻٺڳԺһѣٲȻһԼв͵ģֱҪôϷˣ
޳ܵģȴû޳ܵģ
Σƽ֣ü˵һǻȪһŵһҲǺǵģ
ƽ֣ҲãһȪҪռһ룬Ͼȸϵ˵صġǮɫһ˵
һ룿ǺôθڣŮЦһȿһײ˶ٱ˰ʵϷ֡
˵ţ̧°ͣ߰Ƴ˳ϫһۣλѣҲˣԹ׳ɣʲô⡣
ϫЦˣ֮ǲǻᱻڣ
Ůһ˿ˣǾͿˣ벻ҿϴ֮Ĩļ䣬˵ɷվܻȥ˵Ӧ㹻ʴ˰ɣ
ϻôʲôоɱپιϷֱȻ
ϫһĿһɨˣǵ˵ˣҪҪҵ
üͷԶһ壬Щͷ
ƨţǻȪΪ׵Ǯȳ
еı˰ʵԹԽһж٣ֲҵʧҲˣֻǵˡ
ϫƽܹȺˣƻĴ£ϴһɱڡ
˶ҵűǣǮ粪Ȼŭ
˭űҷټ󹦷û٣ºҪɱ˶ᱦΪԼ޷ˣϫ
СԲˣ֣겻õ
ȻˣǾͱҵȲˣ
ɱ
켸ͬʱڣһ̣ǷӵϣΨһ֣˶óϫˡ
Ͼɱ˳ϫʲôҪϵĶܱȥˡ
Ǳ˼Ǹһ֣һȿֺª˼¡


953 Ȫ
һ·񣬳ϫʱ룬˶۸ڶݰļһ
ˣ֮仹й֣֮и𣬻ŵȵĹһɭ϶޷ԽĵȼƶʱЩⲻˡ
ڣһԳΪǿ󣬱죬Լ¼ҹʱȻ޼ɵ޷졣
Ǿλߵͨ޷⡣
ֲƽԼͷʱϫȴưոݡ
ƱۣοԷ;ɱԼڳԺ֮ԼڣѾ״ŭ˳ϫ
䣡
ȹһȺʮԶеҵΪǸԼڣٲȻһҪϫһĨɱǿ̬
ɲ֮䣬أ˷ֲĲ֮Ļͷϫնɱ¡
̰ܡ̵飬ǽԼвһɱӡ
ϫɫĮȻٳɣʢԣڵУնһִƥͨ콣ͻͺƴΡࡣ
Ѷŭһ֣ѳȫ
ֻһǵضĸֹһն飬ռ䶼˺ѿһ޷ֺϵѷ졣
ء
ѷ췭ڶӿʱշ籩⧲֮£ֱӱûУһҽУ
ʲô
˶𾪣ͷƤһ顣
䣡
ϫնһͻͽûʧ߽Է֮Ʋֱնȥ֮ǻȪ֡

ǾŴУ⣬ȫ߶ΪʩչǿֶҲûãһ̣ͱһ飬籬飬Ѫֱ࣬ӱն𵱳
һ£ųߵˣ
ȻԷֻǸģˣȻԷչ¶Ϣֻеһؾˮ׼ǵ׿ֲսȴѰܹӵеģ
ˣ˵ҲɵϾǽڤظеĴȱԷ
ǰһĻȴǸеľھ֣ΪԷ֪ǵı֮£ɸҺȻɱˣɱֶΣ֤ԷҪôͨ죬ǱУҪôǷˡ
ȻԷûз裡
һʶһ㣬ε̲סУŵɫ԰ףðתӡ
δͱϫ׷ϣһŲ˵ϡ
ҵĶߣôţ㱳ʦ֪𣿡ϫһźݺݲڶԷƤϣͬʱɨ
ϫǱĿһɨ޲һ׹ߡ
ᣡĪҪ֣л˵ԸԺ񲹳ǻȪġǮ硱ڣɫѿޱȡ
Ƚ˰ʵҿԸһʹ졣
ϫ˵ʱϷһԴƵı飬
һĻֺöЩ˻һ
ŵŮɫһһףӲҺǿƣе֪Щ㲻ܵģΪ㱳ʦ
ž
һɲǼ䣬ϫ֮˲˽ǰһƽ˳ȥЦЩƵĶ
ŮպףͷƵģеִϴɶ֮£ҵǣСԼ㱳޷Ϣ
ۣ
ϫһƲ񷣬ֱӴһĨ̺Ѫһ̣Ůͷ׷ɶȥ
ؿŮ˵ʬһۣϫջĿ⣬ЩŮԴǲ⣬ˣأԻñвԼǲͲ
죡һ֣ɱһ
ʱǮ͵Ϊѿ޷ˣٲȡж롣
ûκأһս
ڳϫʦزںĽΪ£ֹơȻըѣֽ
ǵɱƣ񣬴ݿ࣡
ܿ죬ǡǮ硱ڵһ˶ɱ
̱ǵѪӣȾأѪˮһشر˰УǻյĻ͸ޡ
ЩˣϫŸозʲ٣ͷͨ
ʼսȴѼʮű˰ʵԼһѵĴ﷨ڴһЩڤҩһ
ϧĳϫԣЩֵ޷ȵϱ˰ʵļֵ
Լģܼƻʮű˰ʵӦ㹻˰Բزˡ
ϫһҲûź
ʵϣû˴ţҲȫҲĿϾǱ˰ʵӵǻۣҾ߱ǿսԴˡ
ৣ
ûٵ飬ϫӰһͳ˰ȥ
ҪѰһ֮أһٽ˰⳹Բز

뿪ûãһĺߣƾոڱ˰֮ϡ
ӰƮ죬׽ƲɽһɽƵѹȣԵüΪɣͥŲһ㡣
úСޣȪŵԼƿ˾ϤС
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Ǻ¿һһӣһˮڶӳֵȴǳϫ֮ǰձ˰ʵʱĳ
ףǡһĨ˵ĳɫâ
飡
Ҫϸ鿴ʱһˮȴǺȻըѡ
һĻ̫죬Ҳû뵽ɫϾܹѼ˶˰ʵȻи˾˭ҵġڤ޷ƶϵó
¿פãԶͻȻһ
Ǯʦܵ걮ˣȥ̽һ¾˺£
ȻɱһȪӣֱòͷˡ
֮ǲ̽һµټ־ôˡ
һˣٿȻɽϡ
һȺǿĵǿߣòͬһɢһǿƣһһ㡣
°ɣѾ֪˭¿ߴӳ˼ѣü˿Щˣ˵
˭Ȼҵȡ
һĿɵǺߵģʱʱ׻ŵôһ
ݼۣ
ʱҲӦԶȻһæǳϻ̳ϿֵģֱĤһһ㡣
û١Ű裬ͳ¿ҡҡͷһ̾ʧУײ
ðβŻعһĻ֮ɫȴһʱ޷ȥ
ΪǻȪۣ
һλƿػȪǧ֮õڤǿ֮һ
ϫδԶ룬޲TϿѰһܵأ˰ʵ⾳磬Ȼûз֣СɢԹԣ֣аסһֲĲ̽


954 ˰
˰ʵɫ͸뵰һƴۼ֯һɫ绡һܲݡ
ϫ̽סһţֻһȻƥı˰ӹʵˣɢŵ㡣
СҶٷ˱㲻
ǹʵУشһУԼԿһ߹ڹŷСڹʵУ̬õһ㡣
ϫȻû뵽˰ʵͨ顣
Ҳ룬ֱ˿С
䣡
һɰĴ̻Ȼɢ֮УϫܹԼԱ˰գһķ
ͬʱһС
ǶԱ˰֪ԴİΨнϤƿأܷӳ
֮䣬ϫ·𿴼һ֮ͨһ֮·ʺȼı˰ɡ
·ÿһ䣬ֻҪĵطͻᱻ˰֮ɢڹԣȴֲ
Ψеţ֮ʣŻᱻ˰ɣϻ֮·ڤ֮С
ͬڤĻάϵֻ֮ɣǿ󣬴ӶаϢ֮أת֮ء
ɣ
ɣߺι飿
Ǳ˰İߵִ˰ڳΪ»ҰһʣҲƽ
ϫУȻ֪֮š

̷µʮű˰ʵ֮϶ɢһƻ棬ȼյĻ꣬ѷ衣
ͬʱһ䡢صĵϲٿȻɢ
һ˲䣬޲TϿУǲһı˰ͬһʱҡҷ
һյյϲ
ǲϣغبһһĵ·ȼɢʥĹ
ܻգ˰
죡˽˰Բزˣ
ôܣڤߵ֮һҲֻлȪ۷ŽԲزӶܻ˰򣬳ɾ֮λ
ʵֱһ漣
޲TϿУÿ춼ǰѰٱ˰ʵһĻ֮޲𺳾ѣĿһ񼣽ٰ㡣
ͬʱһǿƥ˷ɨӶ޲TϿȲ̽ãһ񣬽Զջء
˰ԲڤΪʹﵽһģǷëǰ
Щǿʧ֮СԹԣѣղţϫ㿪ЩǿĲ̽
һУϫȻ֪
ܹоԲı˰֮һжһˣһܸ֪ڤеعĲ
ʣһжԱ˰֮
ͬؿ󣬳ϫʵҲ֮һأȴͬˡ
źǣƻδȫʱ޷֪Բı˰֮󣬶Լʵж
ʮ죡ʮұָܻ۷ʱڵΪʱֻвɾϵǿߣݺڤˡ
ϫһеһƽ
飡
ڴʱڸУһŷը飬ͬʱһҲڳϫ
ӣԮ
Ǳ
ϫһݣһĨâһ˲գת˲ʧ
һŷǰ޲TϿʱģһ⣬ֻ飬˲䷵ء
ְǱȴŷʵǿڵؾϣԱʵȫ߶Լˡ

޲Tǣ֮һɽա
һɫƿȹѵŮӣһȺ˸롣
㷢٣ʣǱ飬ֻʱϢңѪյ㣬üһĨǲ֮ɫ
Χ£ˣԼĪ߰ˣһɱϢǿɢһɹɿµԶǵǿߣ
ҿģ磬ͬһ
Ϊ׵ģһ߸ߵͯӣ
ۣƤӨӤȴһͷѩ׳֮䣬ûںͯаһɲɣ֮
ۡѩ׷ͯһԵüΪĿϢǱ˸ֹ߳һ
ˣôˣư۵ģ㺹죬ҿۡǰ׷ͯߣһǿ٬°ͣЦ˵
첻ԣˣǰһӽǰ׷ͯӣڳ֮Уֻд˸в
ǿɲƣе;ƣԷΪڵؾϣ
ʵ޷󣬽ֻΪץԷ˿ֲʱŴ룬ͱ޲TС
ϧǣӳ˳ǣȴɱԷˡ
Ѫһƹ޵ɵŮ𣿡
ǰ׷ͯͻȻڣͯɣԽȴ͸һɹļµζ
ɲԣֻԺзɿ˼ƾ֡
ģ
ǿ۾һɫ޷ҡǵĵģɵ֪ԭһƹʱЩǿߵĵһӱó¶̰֮ɫ
ҼС㣬ҿԲɱ㡣
ǰ׷ͯӿڣȴҪҵ檣ҵĲ¯ܻȥȻھͽˣ
òͯӣ۶ȴҪձΪ檣Ժܹĸо˿Цƫƫ˵ޱ棬ٺЦҲòЦˡ
뱴ЦΪԷȻ˵϶ⲻſڴƻƣǶԷȷ˵˻ʵ
ٷŭҲóһ㡣
ˣҴʦ忴ϣĪ콻ҼС㣬Ȼʦȥ񲻱ȵһ»ҰǿǾֹ٬ǿߴЦ
Ҫ˭㣬ҴҪץˣǻȪˣҲӣ
죡ӦɱҵȲˣ
Ҳ׷׺ǳ⿪ڡ
ɫһӱò԰͸ҧҧ˵ЩʲôڴʱһͳٿȻ𡪡
ڱĵϣɱɱ˵ӣ˾ЩСޣЩͷˣ
䡢ͳƵᣬ˶Уȴһףɫ䣬һ
ǰ׷ͯӣҲüͷһšɫٴС
Ȫۣ
˵Լ̽ٵģֻƿƬڤ綼ĻȪۣ
飡
ͻȻһǿ߻һ˺ȻըѣѪʼգûпǺ˶ֵģ
ӿڳǳͷһͳٴ
˻
ͻ˱ʣһ޷ĺӿͷ¹ΪǿߣԻȪȽƴ˵еɸеһĿ־塣
飬޾𺳣ɱεֶΣáͨ족ˣ
ѵԷǻȪۣ


955 
̣ƶš
֪ȪڴˣղŶе´ۿҼϣһ档
׷ͯӿڣƳƣء
棿ߣ˾ϣǱЩɫƻڤʥҲסҪ£Ҫȥһʴգǲ˾ˡ
һͳ𣬴һ˵ơ
գ
棬һλӲǿߣ򣬴Ϸڶݵľ£ΰѿصظ˾
һֱ֮ôȷԷȻǻȪɽɣ
ҲˣԵҶ
ʧڻȪУһͳٴ
ۣŮǡǰ׷ͯӴӲͷƤ˵
ۣ
һ죬һǿ߱һ־棬ֻҪɵӣõ
ٳɣݺݵ˱һۣˣ˺գҴ뿪
ˣ鳹˿лǰΧ¸м
ߣû㣬ţ
һͳһƲʲôٿȻʧ

ڴʱ飬ϫǾεӰֶ鰲Ȼɳһ֮ǰ˺£ΪҪŷ
˵ʱĿһɨͷֵ̲ѪգأԻһѪƮü
Ȼ֮ǰˡ
££˼ͽ֮ǰг
ԭڽ䣬޲Tһϵܾݵȴϱ˴Ŷ룬Ҫץ
ҳɣ´Ŵ룬ϧǱ˴˵ء
ڶԷʵ̫ǿ֮£ֻŷȻ󣬾ǻȪ۳֣˴ˡ
Ȫۣ
ϫһݣû뵽ⳡʣȻǣһλߴ
Сأϫʵ
ҽؽУʱް
һüЩɣǹǲѾˣȻᱻ
ϫ̾һҲ뵽һ㣬ʮ֮Լ죬ǻٵһȰɣϣּ࣬ǧĪҪʲôˡ
һأ̲סʵ
ǾҴŴСǰ򡣡
ϫɴΪ˱Ϊڤ̵Ҷô
˵ͷ
ˣϫ̲סأһֱðҵŮһߣ
鷴ʣΪʲô
Ůˣ˼˲²͸
ϫҲȥˣ˳֣δᵽһĪ׻Ͼٹ˼
Ŀű˰ʵ£͵䵱Ůıˡϫ룬ʣµĿŹʵݸ˱顣
һӳϫãջˣлһһֱ䵱ԼĽɫġ
Ļش𣬳ϫȻûҪһֱˣϾڤһ֮󣬾ͻ뿪
ܻգ˰СѣǱǧĵһ˰Բزġ
ͻȻؼٴһͳ
һһϮµߣ˫ָŲն˫ԨϢƽȴһĻǡ
һֿ豹ʣˣȴ޷Ϊﵽ˺εȸ߶ȡ
Ȫۣ
ģͳϫһ˲Ͳµ˶ԷݣЩ죬²͸ԷΪζ
ǳϫǰնɱ˲ٻȪ֮ˣʱһλȪףҲЩ
ݱ֪˰ʵ޷˰ԲزģСѣǴӺβı˰⣿
Ȫƽһһһһһֱĵ˺޲ͷݡ
һָΪɲƣܹӰĻʶ˵ǿޱȡ
ǰҲϰáϫһ˵
ѣ
ȪĿ⿪֮䣬â䣬ڳϫϣֱҪⶼһͨ͸һ㡣
Ŀע£ϫֻһܵһĪѹΪĻꡱزֻ»˲ͿסԹԳˡ
û뵽ϫȻܿסȪһĨȻ֮ɫջĿ⣬ģ˵ɱ˱¼ĶҲԩ˶Ϊ㡣
˻һϫƾһĨԳԾѣû뵽Լ޲TϿΪѱԷ֪
ԡ
һ̣Ȫʶʲôٴ̧ͷĿȻڳϫϣһδ֪һ㣬ʱüʱʱ
ֱ֮ɫŻָƽ
Уϫͣͣû취Էѹ̫󣬼ֱǵɼǿʱҪļºܡ
ɴҲģжϳԷʵԲɼǿˣ
ЩأۼǿǴƿص˾һ㶼ѷɫڻȪƿصĻȪ
ô˾˾Ϊָжǿ
˾˾˾ġ˾أǲҲһǿ
ϫԼҪѰڤ̵ȻܲڤظеĴˣҪӪ£˵ǻͻȪۣ˾ȼĴڷִ
ĻƽȻ޴档
ҺãҲǹ¼ҹˣܹС
뵽⣬ϫŰȲ١
ǱĻȪҪ֮ʱԾһΡ
ͻȻȪۿڣ̧־ͽһƵ˳ϫ˳ϫһۣת뿪
ϣûпˡ
ǻȪʧʱµһ仰
һУóϫһͷˮԣЩȻһжʵġ
ֻаƴСӨ֬񣬴渡һب磬ȼգȻһ֮·
ƱֻĹּɽӣ
ȻǻȪ۵䡣
ƺϷʲôͬѰĵط鿴˳ϫһۣлһĨʡ
֮ǻˡϫһСպá
ܸͬоԷƷԼϵһЩܣȴȷʲôû취ϵ̫ˡ
ڤ¼аʡͼƬԼڵСĴڣпǱԷĶ֮һ
ĿǰԷ޶⣬ϫҲȥധˣЩ飬׵ʱȻܹף벻׵ʱٶҲӹš
ߣ޲Tǣֻ֮ûǾͳǰ򡣡
ϫٳɣű飬Ӱһʧԭء
Ȼʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ԼΪ׻ָ۷״̬ˣʱǲСҲӦԴΣա
ҼϻȪƣǰѰڤ̵Ҳƽһġ


956 ຣ

޲Tǡ
һͨլԺС
黺ӴѹӨӨʡ
ͻˣ
̷Ŀű˰ʵɹı˰˴ɾھŽףֻ׾ܴﵽԲز
ΪϲǣͨľޣʵҲٴͻƣؾ
ڤ߲ͬһơġõУᴥ֮
;ȴһ׶ˣǾÿһνףҪķѼľʱ䣬ޱȡ
ԼΪλϸ˵ʵ൱ǡʥٹʡһƷʥٹ̫ʱڣѣ֤ôӶ硣
ΪһƹʵģȻ١
򵥵˵ͺñʥٹʵӴһʵ䲻ǿҲֻеǧ֮һֻҪУȫϣջԻͣ
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ν֮ڷڿǴԲȾ߾磬ڷ֮УܹﵽȾĴܹһ͡
ˣӦǹ뿪ĵʮ졭
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֮ǰˣҲֱղų׻ָϫЦЦ̹Ȼ˵
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ʮһŮɵһƬ԰֮ɫüһĨԻȥǣϫߣ廹ûô
߰ɣһȥ̽һʮѹҲ֪ûСϫŮļʾο

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ȻҲֱ仯̲סʵ㡭ô
Сűͳϫ߾һĨ΢ЦȻǻؼˡ
һĨ΢ЦŮɵϣԭӦúϲģɴ˿̣ȴóϫиеһ˿ס
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ط޳ǵĳ⣬ʱڤ塢ڤĿһĻԶŵúȻɢڴ˶
һȺǿߣڣһս־ɽӣ˭ڴ˶Թۣ
֮䣬ƬһƬų
üͷһЩأǰһ˲ǿߣʮˡ
һԺɨڤˣ
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Ϊÿжһŭ𣬱ȪһֱƵɥȮһ˳Ȫ򣬸ۻŵԹֿۣȺڴ֮ãڽץסԷˣƵɱԷ
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ϫӴ⿪֮䣬ӿȼ棬ϸ䣬ͫз֮·ͨأֱȼղ񷡣

ӰһչҡڣϹ̾ᣬ򵥵һȭδ̺Ԫȴ糱ϫһ㵴һȦȦ
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ο˴εļ겻ͬغ峤֮λļ̳⣬пܱһЩѪͻǹʣһδ϶޳ǵķҲﵽһֿǰ߶ȡ
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ϫ̧ͷ˿ͷ񷣬һɫ̫ڽƶ
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˿ԵŮһս˵һЩѣ㲻Ұɣ
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̧֣һһĨâһţǽֵһӰУһƺ֮
ӽУѾǵʮˣϧʵ̫߹һҲûʲôûһսԡ
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£һ˺֮ٿȻΰӰѷһԣƵ
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ҵͫһϷһĨɫû뵽һСһȻҲӵеɰؾ
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һɱǰҹ棬ֱըϸĹɢʧ
󣬲ҽϫһɨӹȥЩȭҹȫ񱻵ȼһ㣬׷ױ飬ֽͬһ
ţϣҵС㣬ٽһȭ
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֮󣬳ϫʵ
ϷֻһˣǴˣȻûʸ뵽С
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һЩ޹ʹĻ⣬ԷĲɣЦ嵱ǡ
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֮ǣܹУܵԽӼӦøеҲŶԣȻ뿪ʵЩͲ֪ôˡ
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游һУɶΪãСӣ̫ʲôʱͷϴ游ٰҲ١

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ҿӦȲ֪һУԲŻ׹֮ǴҪ㡣
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ͳǻӨĴǷһĨƵЦ⣬ӳĵղöĿ


971 ຣ
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Ŀռ䣬ʱʱ̴̿ڱҵļ֮Уһ֧һ㣬Ŀġ
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γȻϤеһֶΣ˵֮ǰ¹һ๦֮սʱԵüΪԵɽ֡磬ռѹԵơ
ƵãԵûôҪˡ
ܿ죬ǺоܵشѪɫԹƵƵŭѡ
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һٰ̣಻סһյͶơ
һӨ׻ҡҷȻܻŭĿΤӽħҵȵȺ󡢻Ի͵
޿գϣȾ֡
磬Կ࣬նͶš
ͬʱһ֮أֱġ
һе󣬶һֲֿĹɢ˷·ҪƬضɵҪһеֶ򶼸⡣
ǹŷͶƵƣأ
γѵȴһ̶ʱ̽ȡһöƵͭһףֻһ죬ȻֱӽͭŵƸסˣ
ƣţ
ಣ
һ̣ͭѻһĨ磬С
Ȼﲻ׹ġ෨ٻԭһΪ˶Ըң׼ôֶΣţһҪţ
ͻȻǺзһŭӰһҪຣ֮¡
״γЦһ׷ɱϣϣ㻹ӵϻһŷ𾭣ǷһϴУҲһҰɣ


975 ʱҲҲ
һ̣γǺһ𣬳˿ຣ
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û취ϫΪ̫ܹ֮ͣ̽ķΧޣҲʮɷΧ֮ڡ
δ˲°ɣƽһöƵͭСĲС˵
ҡҡͷʾ֪ɫ߳ĹŰͲЦ
ȵȰɣȻδ˵Ķ֡һЦ˵
£һ˳ֹһ˳ֵԴغ
ҪҪ֣Ͷƺ෨ٻԶɫ䣬ȴһ˿ԾԾԡ
ˣôͬһȱϵв١ϫҡͷ
̲ס˸ۣ˭ҪģֻǸоһղŶ̬ʵ̫ˣǵǹ˭
ϫɺЦŮ˰Ϊжߣǳëǲġ
ȻʵͦõģϾ鿴ʵ˼ȴΪϸ壬һֱԼĸܡ
ͻȻˮУһӰ˳Ȼγ硣
ֻʱȾѪɫ԰׼͸ϢήңΨһг˷ܺϲá
һ棬ҡһЦʲô̫µġͶ򷨻
Ц죬͸޾ϲá
Ȼһ̣͵ؿѪӰҡΣ㵹ͷԽຣУȻղһվҲش
ƣ죬ͶƽңҺúò̽һⱦγһƽϢһߺ
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û뵽һֱΪұ۵ļһȻң꣬治þؽֵû
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˵ţһƳ飬߲ɷһḬ֮̃ɫùԹԴţɱûõүһһ뿪ģҪһ˿û취һ뿪ຣġ
ˣϫȴǽס̾˿һĵļһ
ô˵ˣʱ䣿ҷϰսûУ㿴Ĺӣʲô⣡
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ڴʱֻһʹ䣬Ѫˮ䡣

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һз̫죬ûܷӦ
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ܵܵвɫ䣬һĨŨŨİ֮ɫҲҽУһ˿ΨԷһԼж
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Уϫָɿ˹ҡ
ۣ
һѪɽһֻɫʸжʸǿֲͷ­촷ۣ궼

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ڤɢ˿ʹԸˣ
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ڤɢǿܻٵɵĿֲҩѪӽ̶һ޶طҩֵѪӽУںޱȵıײʹã
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976 Ⱥ
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Ĵģһɽ֮⣬ȴܲκεԣһһ㡣
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γĽ⣬ֻһݺͼʱԱܻǰС
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ϫǣͼͶƵĹУɢķԹԣȻԸҲž˵޸
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ԭһֱȱһַڷ޸
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Ԥ޸ҲӦһķ𱦣ʱΣȴ޷ġ
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֮һֽߣִ˵֮󣬾͵ͬڽ֮С
γܣȺϣפڤǿߣԶڵڶ޳£


977 ֱӿɱ
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ֻдͨ룬ִܵǿຣ˰ҲǾΪֹڤյΨһһ·
طĺҲͨຣ˰ģδ֪򣬳պʱշ籩û˸ȥðա
ͨͳ˹֮ͨΨһͨһֱƿڵڶ޳С
ҪͨĲȣҪһʲƵڤפ֮ͨġŻУͨ
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ˣΪΣֻÿ˽һٿڤͿͨ𣿡
Ҽϵּ⣬ǰѷ˵أ׼κ̤Уôɱ⣡


Զһԭͨǰһ֧Ҫͨȴһ֧⡣
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֧ӹģĴ󣬹Ǳʮңһݻɢž˵ı⣬һͲѰӵС
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һͣߵʱ׹ɳԾѵֺΪ˶ԸҪͨ
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ȴЦüͨǸô죿
ܼ򵥣ֱӳȥϫʱѾûڲмıҪˣ𣿡
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κ˳Ϊ˼䣬δ˵꣬Ҳ˫ĿԲ°Ͷòϡ


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ĻԼɵѹ˵ҼΪ鷳
ΪããຣϣֲպͽԷ̾ڴˣռ˵Ψмǰһ·ǿӲأѡ

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ΨһȱǣϡֻʹһΣʹ֮ڵĽƾͻ飬һ;
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һ棬ûɵñܵһɾ޶ůĸоֻ֪ԼⱲӶһĻˡ

һ籩Ű׵ĺУԼԿһűĽӲڿຣ֮ϣ۾籩Ĵ򡢻ŭ˾γɱű˿
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983 ־ȼ
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ĮȻ̬ɱ¾ַĽ棬ѪײĿģԾ䣡

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ÿһתһҪضһն顢Ʋ㶼ûһգһƬһƬĿռѷ졢ڶ
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˫ָɽۣ֮ԣԶããຣһ³ӦأƹᴩʮأһжӲķۡ
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һ̣ͬںڰһܶϡޣһĨԵĹ
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ǡ֮ɵڤֲƬУɱ˲֪ٵ𣬺ų֮أ˵
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һ̣ǡ֮ͬ裬Ҳ޷Ӱ쵽ϫ˿

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ﺣڣأԻзתһ˺صĳ֮նѹΪһڶ
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˵ţ̽һУжһͭɫϼ⣬˵һ۳һĻ
ĻתֳһƬǵĺˮ档
ͳ뿴Ļ֮Уǡ֮֮أһУɶԻ
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ţһƬǺˮôʲôϷӸòںŪҰɣһõ
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ܿ죬һĻ˺ֵľ︡֡
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ģҶԴоǧ꣬һûУܣԲܣɫŤ񣬷
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988 Ĩɱ
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֮ǰ˵Ǳϫͱնɱһǧʮɾ£ȥѪǱ׼֮Ԫֻɱϫͱˣܹطȫ
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˵⣬̧ۣĿڳϫϣ±ѺɽеġߡУȹ˱һذɡ
ϣҲδһɿֲϢٿȻɢƲ㣬ضһֱٱļС
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ΨأԼ;
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һֻ޳Ƴͷ֮ϣأһɿֲĲƾնֱ֣ӽָֻ𿪣
ϫסˣ˵ԤϵԼԴû뵽־ԼĲСˣ
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998 ֮·
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ԭӦþĻˡ
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ҲǴʱ𣬳ϫУΨٴ̣ڤУսѪɱ˷һ·նλУ¾Ȼء
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ƬߵϿУݲǻҺɫʯҷХɳʯʵһƬ
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źͷŵ͸һŭδ£һɸΪɲѹӴХ롣
һѹֲЮضȻ䡢ƴ£
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1001 ɽ
֮޸ףΨ֮ţ죬ɫƲ롣
ǶԴ޽ɵ̣˵˵ִ֮Ԫɱ䣬̺֮ɰ죬һ磬ñΡƿա
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ΨһĽ;ǣǰ黪ȴδӵδøƵˣԲŻһʱΪޣԴȺĻʹǰ
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˵ǣǳϫڵ֪ʱһĨ𺳣ǴʱʶµֶΣҲ㲻ˡ
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ڴʱƷʲôзһĨ˵ʱƾʧԭء
ףӦ׷ŵһֱڵȴԮȥˡ
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ϫ㱼𣬵ڽǲμȺǴʱԼǻ£Ӯ˵һ
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ͨ
ʱһӰӴ׽غ«Ƶ׹档
ͬʱµӰٴγڳϫߣһǵԮˣһɼǿߣӦ֪飬Ծʹˡ


1002 ı
һɣ
Ȼ뿪ŲƬ̹ѣһλǿ߾ͱ£һڵϣʹѡ
һĻɵӾֱﵽԸӵĵز
˭Ҳţһɣ棬Ǳ̬Լǰ
һǵǿߣǾŻɵӵܣǶԣɶһ㣬ңԶֻ
ڣɶˣɸѱɱˡ
һɲǣеνǸӵ˼£Ҳ𾪵˼¡
ֱһеջһĨηǶµľηԷθûа١
һУƻȻֻ߽°һίˡ
ĸ֣ȴ°ɫһ¼ðβſסԼҡͷί
ֶԻֱһĸ֮Ӧ÷ġ
ƫƫأ£ǳ°ԶоԼеĶӣףʱ꣬δκθı䣬̸İ
ڴˣϫ΢΢һЦͰĿ˵ǿϡ
һ꣬ãòʽԶΪſֻʱϢȴή֮ɫˢףѪѡ
ü֮䣬һĨ޷ƵľȻ
֡
ϫֱʵ֮ɫ

ӣشһ֮ʹǿţһӺݵķȣĬĬԼ¹ڡ
ɡ
ɽ
Ϊζ
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Ӧֻʣһˡ
ϫԳǿһһԼ࣬Ϊϣԥ߲ӵļ
óϫɶ࿴˴һۡ
Ȼֻһ񣬿˳ϫ˼˵ʵûʲôֵģֻǲôѿˡ
˵ʱһ˿ƺн񱣬ÿָ·Ѫյĵطʱüͷһ壬˹ȥ
ЩҲѿһΪȣҶǱΪںнǿߡ
óϫͻȻ뵽ƹһﶪѵıƹַ
ϧҲ뵽һ㣬ԸͲϫƹĻᣬʲôʲôֱͽͽ
ΪβֱǰŻɣϫٴʵ
ϲӣϲ֣üıĿĵʱ򣬾Բðա
Ȼϣžʹһִݵ̬٩٩̸ֻһɣǾŻУȴʵ޷ȵϹŶԼһЩĪ֪ĽƺͱԴӽ˼ʱҾѺǿ
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ƫƫûôԹΪСڣΪ侲ݵԣɲǵСܹ쵽ġ
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ѰĸһǿߣɴʱǱʱƽȮأô˻ʹˮһΡ
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⸱Ӱ̬ɹŭ˸ƣδ֣ͱסҲ֪˵ʲôɫãջסˡ
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Щˣٹ˲ԼĵƷ˳
ϧϫѲˣʱ
ܿ죬ʧڴ֮⡣
ĸҪȥʲôһԣȻʵ
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ڴһ䡣
褹һЦԭˣһ̫ţ͸úúһ١
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°˼ˣԷΪƸ꣬û֮ƥҲվһֻܱǲԦСˡ
Сʲôıѵ֮档ͣо°˻Լ⡣
ֻСһȻҵһλǿΪСֻ»оСһɵ˲ɡ
꣬ȴѵõطһĨЦ⣬дǻ֮ˣǷȱľ
ʱ򣬳ϫˣֻȴǹһˡ
̲ס󲮣ǳƨļһأ
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ˣ褲࣬ʵλǿߵ³жҡ
죬ǼһӦþˣʱǾ̷ؾŻɣɺãϫ̧ۣ¡
µͷһ˳ģ
褲ЩԼˣܺô㶨ԼλƯǿĲĸġ
ǳϫ֪褵˼ֻ»ᵱ߳ŭΪһĻʵЩĵٶˡ
ҪǣǱġ


1003 Щҫ
黪һµķС
ϫ׼һʢȣ¡褡°һãϯֻˣϫҲԸ˴֮ʱ̡
ϯ䣬ϫ߶߶ĳ฾һ㣬ϲ׳һ⡣
ܵܳ껹Σ̳ʲô仯ءľ󡢶ϪȵȺֹô
񡭡
̫̫ˡ
ڴˣ٩٩̸ʱش𣬳°һԲ䣬ʰȱ©һԾţʱϫֿһСһü֮䣬һƬԼ֮ɫ
һ̣ƽƽɶ˶ԣȴѵõһҸκĵرԻġ
Ϊۣ̫ѣԵϧ
ܶ죬һȴۻ䡣

һ硣
һҹ˷û˯ĳϫ컹δ߳黪
ٴλʱѸһˡ
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ⲻ˺棬ҹ﾿ıʣŻһλıڳǿ߱ӡ
˷֮⣬ֱϵĶɵƵġ
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ֻѻƪƶ˵ļһֻܿж仰˵ͱˡ
ȴ˳˼ٶԣΨһȼһĨ񿺷֮ɫ

տϣƶ䣬Ʈҷ
һұѹˣŻɷɳ۶ȥ
ϣ룬ʵǸһ
ϫһڽü˼ųȻʱ˽ЩɽеĵжӴ󣬵ȴֻֻƾҸ˵ѽǳװ⵹
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˼⵹һ⣬Ͼ϶ԣ˵վޣɱһЩף볹ײƽһȴѡ
ϫ̾һ૵Ҳֻʱ뷨ʵʩҪɽ֮ˡ
ʱһġ
֪ϫЦЦ
ǼһֻʱԽƣȻǾͱ뽫һкĨͻȻתȥ
ϫղδֹ
ϾһλɼǿߣԽ䳹׿ƣҴıˣ䣬ΨһЩǿӲֶΣܳء
κ˻ǼһﵹȷǸˣϣԺɱң㲻顣
ϫĪӿһĨůûж˵ֻס裬б޹ǡ
һ˿ϫܿͻָƽ
ֻ֣ů

ʱ
Żңң
ϫ𱦴¡褡°ɽŷɳ۶ȥ
һ뿪ʱǹһˡ
飬ж棬֮ãȷ˭Ҳ޷˵
ףǣ
ǡǳϫϣ
죡˼ڻˣ
죡ȥʦ塢ʦƽ̣
ϫӰɽǰפصһھŻһˣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ǽܵģֱħһ㣬ֱó褺ͳ°һĿɿڴ
ʲôϫˣ
Ϸ֪Сӿ϶£
ˣôڲͨȥͨϣ汾һǰɽӭӳϫ
ಣ
Żһ֮һƥһ߲ƽ»ͥ£ƺƵɽš
һʱ֮䣬Żɳ׺䶯տȻеѤóʢĶݹ⡢Хԭľ׵մƣһӷը˹֮
һ£褺ͳ°㲻Լ۾ˣɫ㱲ѡ
˽⵽Լף󲮣£ڸȺ׵Ĵɿǰ֡ƴһĻܵһǰδе𺳡
һ죬ҲҪΪһ˫ȭգɫ˷͸һɼᶨ֮ɫ
ֻϣײʧ°죬ò˵
ЩϵҫߵĻԻͣǸģԣһֳѹʹиΨ׷ϲϸ׵Ĳ
ǵģֻϣײʧ


1004 ҵ
Żɽǰ绯УС
ЩδϫĵӣԶ۾һգգȥԷ忡ΣͶ֮䣬˫нԶȲʲѡ
Щ֪ϫĵӺͳϣһԺԵǽܳϫֻԻ¼ɡ
Ƴһ۳ϫû뵽ܻͦӭġ
һĻʱϫҲ΢΢һʱµĵ٩ӣʼܱû˴ǿ԰ɡ
˵ʵΪп̼ǵõŻɣسϵѣ£һ˸СԼ
ƣ
ףԴڡϡ
ʱƽ»̷ͥһڳϵִϫԶ۾һϲѡ
Ŀⴥʱ˽Զ΢΢һͫ͵һһĨ޷ε֮ɫ
Դˣϫ֪ƣվǴ޽ɵΪ˵ƽ»ͥˣѰɡɼҲܵһɱеѹϢ
Ըôֻ࣬Цǰ»ͥȻ¡°һһܸˡ
֪ǲ꣬һǳϫ֮ӣһǳϫֶڳһڳϽԶ۾һлȲѡ
ϫСһﻹûʦŰɣ͸Σһϰ಻סһϣųϫ
¾һĳϷУ츳˫ĺӣϹ̣ˣָΪá
޳ϣδ̫̰ˣУϷҲҪһ
ߣЩһһ￴ûŻɣϷΪǿģܹ棬Ϸϵڶû˸ϵһ
һӣֳҳһţЩһ񿴵СõĴƵģֻ࣬ˡ
ɽǰһڵӼˣԶ°ͶϣţޱȣΰoŸ߲ǣһӱģʲôȡʲô̬ʲôϣǵȻ޴档
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һֱӽĿת˳褺ͳ°ϣޱȵĴ顣
ܲұú񲮸һǿ
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ǰһǳ褵Ļش𣬺һǳ°Ļش𣬿һش𣬶ǳɫһЩü
ֹҲ׷ִֹɫԶЩȻ
ʣ۷浤ҩǿ󷨱ǽԶӦΨشǿɶұ֤ܹ
ϾϿֻһϫפ˼۷壬ʵ֮ͬж£ĸұ֤ܰСһڵϫǰǿ
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ĸǰǿҲԡһЦ̧ͷ¡
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в֪ϫ˭ߣǾԻ⵽ǵͱġ

塣
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ʦֻĪաʦ¬ʦȳӡʦֶסʦ㰢šʦ꣬סľ׿䡢ѩԡ
ֻԶԶǣϫо̲סһĨů
һУԶڸԺĵ;ά裬⾣ն񣬿һս
ˣӡ
ϯˮЦﲻϡ
ñط꣬Եƹ֡
ϫľۻᣬֻԺԽԽˣΪһºҪ뿪ԼҲҪΪɾ׼ˡ
;ֹע̡̫
һ硣

ϫʹӴʱͥԺ⣬һ
ŶͿ褺ͳ°һ˿Ա߻סľ׿Եڹۿʱޡ
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˵⣬ӯӯӳϫгһգΪ֮ʱǿɾˡ
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֪һУеӣšţԶƵģһʱ䳯ӿȥΨһͱˡ
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Ӳϸͻ֣̳ᷢܡ£ӰԶϥڵأ֮࣡
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һϫӴĺģ֮䡣
һ̣ɫԶһ࣬ϴռžһׯµϢ


1005 ƽٽ
ؼһƬųׯࡣ
ΨгϫƮһľϣУƶһƵĵȡ
һھŻϥɫѴļһ֮ɫ
һ̣ϵķޣҲԶԵڵأ
ȻԶǵ̳ϥľӰӨӨɢһ˿˿
̫ʱڣͳδ֮ʣߴҵŻ֮۳𱰣飬Կ۵֮С
ʱħݺᡢʥƣʢټнԻͶõһ¡
ϧʱţн翪ʼȼɭϵϵʼֵͳɱ֮£ٲǰ㡰Ϊ¡ľ档
ǰһĻϡһ˿ϹŷϣΨؽ󣬷ܷ磬棬֮ۡ
Ǹ֡
䣬վѳɴ
Ȼ϶ĴǷ磬ݹ۹Žԡ
ȻĳϫԾΪƣ־˼֮УֻҪӵؽȣᶨȥ;֮㣬עɹ

ǿ֮֮Уأ֮޹糾⣬򴦴Ϊ
֣ؿ綨һĺⰵ޳ļϢνУ̺ӡ
ߣ֮ϣ֮⡭
Խ糿ĺĵ촫ϫɫžɢһׯΡϢ
Ǵҵֻѧһ·һЩѣ̸Ͼ춯أ޷ϹȣЩŻ˶ԣȴ統ͷȣඥǴéٿ
ǡ޸·֣޴СҪģֱĵġ
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һеĸ;飬۽˵ЩŻˣһЩ϶԰Ρ
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һУϫδʱһľУ͸һָ
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񣬾Ǵͨһ
ȥߴݼΨ
̣ǡ±ǨܽʧУˣ;ϷߵøԶߡݡ
һ̵ĳϫڳ̻δ֮ǰԼһ·ܽᡣ
ִ֮ʣǾһµĿʼ
ܽᣬΪ̵һĵ·µߵĸ̤ʵȽ

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λƣǹȥ˽һµʱ䡣
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ˣǰָ̽һ³°ͷɽǣҪи
׷ģһġ°ǿϣǷһĨŨŨļᶨ֮ɫ
µͷתųϫִɽ磬һġ
ƮɢѻһĨóʢޱȵĹ⣬ٿȻ񷣬һɲǣضӿһĨĨӲӵԣʮɽӳա
һ棬̫ʢԻͣ콵⡢عһƮ죬ǰ˻ġ
𻯷
ϫ褡°̧ͷң񷣬
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Ҫǰ𣿡
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һ죬Żȫ䱸ɽ󣬾ŻʥԼһЩϽԴӱչ߳
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Сһҵʦֶඣ
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ϫ˵ͷλСʦ֪˾ռߣἰڤۣûжྪȡ
λһ˲õĴڡпһɫѵս⣬ʱĪҪ򡣡
ס
ϫЦЦ͵ע⵽ü֮䣬ϡһĨ޷εƣ֮ɫɹĵʦ㣬Ƿʲô飿
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ϫͷ
̧ͷãӲãŵһСƽҪˣӴ֮󣬾ͽ綯Ļ
˵ţŤͷųϫ˵ҪҪҴȥʶһ£һЩ֮Ľ棿
ϫһâǵȲεĽ棬ָжֲ
Ҫ׼һЩô˼һƽܹ⡭
˵һĪĻ̽һǹƮųϫٿȻʧԭء
ϫعʱͿԼ֪ʱһ֮Ĺɽ֮ϣ̧ȥǿն˺ֵؾ۵ף


1006 
ɽ֮⣬ͨ
ۣȥ֮⣬ãã֮УǺԣ׳ޱȡ
ϫδһɽ壬۾գ֮㣬£ƺաɽӺ쳾䡭Сһηչǰƾһϵĸо
Ƕ壬λӲ֪֮ڣ̫һԹܵٴ˴Ҳ֮ʦŵ伮зйش˴ļء
Ʈ裬ξڴ˵عսԿһС
˵ţһʯϣԵλõʾϫҲ
֪֮أ塭
ԣϫɲЩ𶯣һɲǼѣԼѴӾŻɣִΪصĲ֪֮ڣ˲֮ȫ
Сʦ㣬ⳡƽ١
ȳϫ˵꣬ϵƽ֮£ǣ㣬˵ãҲףЩｻʱԼһˡ
ϫ㲻ٶԡ
ԶԼоϣ֪ʱһ˿Ļɬ
һֲֿѭһ㡣
ֲһֱ֮ãԽԽɬһѹļµϢ
һĻֹǱϫڶʿһʱ֮䣬Ļ̻̣Զоƺ֮󣬾ͽһҪʼݡ
Ҫˣ
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ʦ㣬ƽ֮£ҵЩͬòʲôΣհɣ
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һڴ֮Ľ棬飬Ѫ⻯Ͽգһޱȵ֮С
ϫһϲɣָ֮̽ǺӶһһſǳͱ飬ĩ
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Ҳ֪ʲôͻȻһ̾Ȼʧ
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ΪңΪɽһıԤڵĸɫ
̧ͷųϫˮһĨο֮ɫ
ƿĿ⣬ңԶս߷һĨζĻȣʦܣ飬Թ˲ϾȡôĴʱ


1007 
ȡô
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˺ȻǣŴ֮ЩսмսݵһΰӰһֲص飬Ǻ޲һ㣬ŴԼߴȥ
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ϫǵһȼıһ뵽ﾹԲ׽⡢翲׽֮оͽסһ𺳣ϱЧá
Ƭ̣۾һЦˣСʦܿϥ֮

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һԣɫЩ԰ףɫƣϫУȴһĨοϲ֮ɫ
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ŵ˵һƬǸɽ֮УҲм
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ѾսգĶģûҲɽ磬ܵ˵һƽ٣ЩĻеϼһСʤ
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ϫʱ޷һУţ綯֮ʱԼһԽһеȥŪ
Ϊʦԣʱ˭Ҳ޷⣡
ûٶųϫٿȻʧڶ֮ϡ
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һƬҵ۳ϣǵӣԶһĨɫ
ϫʱ֪ԭŻʥ顢˳λ棬֮ǰһƽг䡣
ŻɶԣһޱȵĴ
ʵֹǾŻɣУʵﵽɾ֮ϵĴڣߣϹŶԶܵһƽٵĲ
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һУ̫ңԶⳡƽѱĲµľ֣
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ûɵأϫʦ뿪ǰסһĨڴ


1008 
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뿪ǰϫɽ֮󣬿ѡȥ֮һֻҪУɳҲʱκβ
϶ɵأҲԿΪʡѧԺжǿˣ벻ѷɫˡ
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1009 𻯷
ʮ
硣
ŻУĬһ㣬۵ӣǳϣԶͣж߳⣬ңңķ
죬ǳϫɽٷʱڣ
ϣϫʹʦֵһһһ̬ݣǺЦδ¶κεĽţ߲֮ɫ
ΪýѾѾʣµģʲô
ΨһϫЩźǣûʱط͵ܵܳ껣ЩǼһ棬һݱ
Ѿ֪ˡ
룬ڳԼĶӺֶӣдʦֻĪǣᰡǡ
ңס׿䡢ľѩˣҲ˰ţʮ֮ǴӲ֪֮صһؾУǰɽ硣
ǴؾʦȱΪ׼ɽٷֱӵִɽһ򡪡ʥԨ
ԣʱֻһ࣬Ϳ޾յصִɽ֮Уݳʲô⡣
ڴˣϫеϾͷһ벻ףɲ١
˵ʵľѩ֮⣬ס׿ĸһһһ̥н޵ģصսż
Щ̥Ҫɽ磬Ҳ֪ҪãֻĲۡ
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ĪҪи
ϫԣڣӶ꣬˵ʲôɻ󣬿Ժͳ褡°̣ҲԶѯʦų
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1010 
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ֻзļХڶ𣬳ϫȫ޷Լ塣
۾Ѹ֪һУֻбڸԼһؿռϣԽһӨڣһ
ԽܵʱշԽȣһ㣬ϳˢ궼ڷһδɱ䡣
ʶüʶӿ
ԪХ֫ٺ֮䡣
ƤĤǡѪͨëԶڲſɱ䡣
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һʵɱ䣬ֻҪɹ֮Уͬ٣
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䣡
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ȴһ㣬ǾǡꡢԪ̫Ӵ󣬸ʵޱȣѰɾؾǿߵİٱࡣ
Ҫ䳹ɱ䣬ͬҲҪѰٱ
Ǹһ׶ˣȻ֮ͬУܹھԵѹλȴͬҪѡ
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ڣںһ֮ͳ׳˯ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫָʶʱֻһˮУʪܣһϢĸо

һ̣͸оԼ˸ͨһڵϡ
ͬʱһЦȻڻɳлˣʿ湻ģҲ֪ôġ
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⡰ɳءֲɽÿһ֮ڣɾƣɺ¼֮˵ˡ
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1011 
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Ψһı׶ˡ
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1012 ɽ
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Щڵǣ˿̾ӺųӣнԶһ𣬿һЩְɫϻĸңСһ
žžž
һ࣬ಲĻֳޣڳһȺūǻƤѪɽڵϲҺѡ
мûҺûһ߱ʬ
ÿʱԱ߾ͻܳһֻޱȵĳɫһ˶ϣſѪڣʬԵһɶ
ڵĿū
ɷĻ
̱Ļޣ

һĻĻ棬Ѫȶ̣ǿޱȵ𺳡
Щͳϫһִڴ˵ķ߿һĻʱɫʱˢףͫţƵӿһĨ֮ɫ
ֻȼˣ侲огϫ
һɣλɣʣµһǧʮУһСǵɣһڤ硭
Щūˣһӵɵĸȴδ֮Ϊήң⣬ӦǺԼһǸշɽ磬ͱץ
Źֻ֣ǽȡʯȫĴץߵģֻʲôԵˡ
Ŀһɨеϫ۵ףһɣֻûд޽򣬾̸ʲôв
ǵ񣬺һȡĸңÿǰʮ飬һͻ̷飬ᱻ
ʱΤڣ飬ǿѡߣҪǣһǰʼӸץķߣûһɹ³ѪһҪҰٱֹ
˻һЩԭĴҵķߣʱɫ
ǡʲôʱ񣿡һ߿ɬ˵
ʲôʱ뿪Ի֪ͨǡ
Τ䣬絶һɨ˵ӣڣϵĴ﷨ȻǰǱŶӣ¦ִȡᰲǽһ
˵ţңңһָһ࣬һʯɵķݣǰһһ
ǲΤ˵ٿȻ۾ɢһĨ̵Ĺɭˡ
һĿⴥ类һĶ߶סЩ߻һڣëȻ
¦硢ԼΤǳϫλе
ֱڰ빺󷽣ȡĸҵķ꣬һϫȴðȻȥֻ̽Լܸ֪ԷһĿ֮УݡģԶ
ɣ̾ھݴǧ֮һСɽۣ֮Ϣңңɽ
ƾʲôҪ﷨ֲū
ԼҪΪūеһһҪϵĴ﷨һҲ಻סʡ
˻һڳնһЩڵĿūǹܵĻԶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һʶʱļһ
˵һôǱΤֱšԴǽ˳Ϊͣڿ֮
ǷߣŮӽԶ¶һĨ˷֮ɫߴߴ˵ͣȴĺ
Ҳ²£Ƿģòᱻ¦ϱ̬ߣͺݺݸɱƨɣ
ǷЦһһģ粨˵ʱ˫һһңݺץŮӵΣץŮһʹļУŰ֣зһ̾Ϣ
һĻĻ֮ǰ߿ķ߻һеŭ糱ˮȥһĨֻȡ
ΤӦһ﷨˹ȥ
Τһֻ۱ɨһۣ﷨ŵʮ֮ڣϵд﷨סУʱĻԸ
ĻκԥæϵĴﱦ˳޼Ҳ񱻴öʧһ㣬ԹԽ˳
ϫҲ˴﷨ֻʮʯڸѱڻ춴Уɱ˭Ҳֲˡ
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ʱеĿ˳ϫߵһŮϣоͬ飬Ҳֻ
ΪŮѱʾûЯ﷨⻰˭ֻˣ

ڴˣΤ񲢲⣬˵ķߣޱػ˻֡
һ̣ʮɷĻǰؽĿˢˢɨŮϡ


1013 ɱȼ
ŮһϮɫȹϸüӣǣսΰ𪣬ˮɣˡ
һ̣ʮɷĻȴСˢף峺ӿֳ֮ɫվС¹Ƶģϧ
ԳϫŮӦòѣҲˣΪ־£Ѿһòʧ顣
С椳ÿ濡
СĪ£ġ
Ҳ²£Ǵ﷨ˣǰһ׹Уǲ˰ҪҪ⿪ѵ·ϸϸѲһأ
һڻɫ͸֮ɫ޼ɵشŮзһ󲻿Ի
ңûЯ﷨
Ůգɫòһ峺жӿһĨˮȻΣģЩһЦ޼ɵ
λִ£λӦòѲŶԡ
ϫü̲ס
δ䡣
žһһӰƿն£ͷϫϳ
ϫһУջǿûܣأӰʵʵϣһɲѪۡ
ޣʲôҲ˵ĵطٸҶ죬ñӳ鲻㣡
ޣмƳ˳ϫһۣһɱ⡣
ϫ򴽽ǵѪգɫѱƽ֮ѪȵζܾöûƷˣȴû뵽ɽ磬ͳһӡ
ʱԼδȫָδ֮ΨֻͣУѶǰ̡֮
ˣˡ
ʱΤɨ˳ϫһֿۣ˿Ů㼴˻֣Щ뿪
ߣСӣƻүĺ£ˣ
ϫϣͻȻһÿҲ϶Ǹղųִһ޵
³ҵ㡣ϫаЩĽ̸Уμס˵֡
ϫһ˴¦Уȡһ𣬱㼴һţһɽ꣬һŷǰ
ЩݣԶʯɣһѵĳߣֲܡ
ߣ˶ʮûõķµķ䣬ѡһɡסҹֻ׼ڷУԸ
·Ļһ㼴ִ뿪
ū𻯷ɣ˭뵽һҹ֮䣬Ϊ³֪ˣα̰ʲô֮·
û˿֮ˣ̲ס̾Ϣ
ߣֻöѣԹˣɽôˣֻҪ÷ˮ𣡡
ȴΪȻ
Ҳԣҵȴ˼һĥǧӲɱһ·ʱ̰ɣԺлˡߺߡ
ɫ壬һӱʮ겻ģ
̸Ƭ̣ЩǱɢȥ
Ȼԣܹɵģûһˣֻǳէ̬δӦɽĻ
ΨһǷȱģʱ䡣
աղŶлˡ
Ůǰϫл
л˵ҲûʲôæһӡϫԳһЦ
һˡ
ŮƼٺ˵̸֮䣬Щګګζܿ죬һ˵ҽľʣƴ磬ӣǣ
ϫ徴硣ϫЦ
ϫľظһ飬ͷϫӣԺһᱨĶģ
˵գͷҴ뿪
ƴ磬ǿǱΪϵһ磬Сʦ˵ɽһȨ˫ͳƴС
ϫһͲٶ룬ѡһ˵ʯݣ˽ȥ

ҹϫϥǳ磬ɡ
ڲ粻³һɹɾ֮ǺƵĻ춴磬ͬʱʶУʶӿХ糱ˮ֮
ɵɵɣͺñȵغĹϵر࣬һʵķԾ
ʾԪɱΪɱΪʶ̥ɱΪǡ
ִȾ磬ͬ٣Ԫӣ
ֻԪϵķԾҲǻģȴ˸Գ
ֽȣֻ£Լʵܳ׻ָϧɽ֮ǳʱ䷨Աѹ١
ִ֮󣬳ϫѾܹ֪ǳתѭʱ䷨޷򣬿ȴֱܷɽ֮ǳʱ䷨򣬱ѹһҡ
֮ǰǳеʮ죬൱һ졣
ǳ죬൱һ졣
óϫΪЩźĵǣȻǳʱ䷨ܵƣڽɽ֮Ѳݱ˲
Ĳͬˡ
˼磬ܵϽĸԤƿأɽ粻ͬɽ򣬾Ҳܹȥúա
һǳܣֻҪϫ˵ʱضã˼ǰ㣬ÿһΣҪСزء
ҲãǳоޣڶȥִֻҪץʱ䣬öãԴӴ˵ʱ
ϫԺиֳ֮ǰǸ³ĻӰͷɱһš
ָƽǱεĲ֮С

һ硣
컹δһŭ
ˣϽɻǶֻʮĸңͿԻʮʯٺ»
һ飬һޣ
飬
ϫӷ߳ʱҲѳ֡
˶ˣһ˻֣ʹһ·ɱӹɽյִһĿǰ
ƺˣĸңÿһ鶼ô͵ðӣ
һȭͷСİɫʯ飬һһĿű˵ûǣ˭˽ش﷨ֻҪ֣ͻᱻɱʬȥιѪһ
˵գ˻֡
ಡ
˵֮С
⴦ںޱȣۣڣܿ죬˾͸ɢ
ûԸһ
ΪĽܣ֮еĸҿѲ֪ھ˶£ĲϡĿѾҪ
ҪھʮĸңѶ֮ҲͿ֪ˡ
£ڳȺȥһطھʯȻˡ
ĸңܹƳ꾫֣̺ɷ֮һнɲġ
ϫһ߳ɳۣһԺ˼йĸҵϡ
ɽ磬ɱԷͨסס̫ס̫ȼÿһֵȼַƷ
ͬɲҲڴˣƷֱ½סнס߽ססԼȼһһӦɱȼ
ĸңһнɲģɱ֮һɽɵһĹԱʱ꾫ֲϽȥܹǿɱԺԣΪ
Ҳ֪ʥ֮䡢ͶһıǺεƷ
ϫԾأԼЯ㱦


1014 ;ɱ
𻯷ʱϫеɱҩһģͳͳ˳褺ͳ°ԼֻһЩҪ
֮ʥͶơԼδ׼ɹȵȵȡ
ЩУҲδȫƿأ漰֮£Բ㽻ˡ
֮ǻµĹ屦˼ʱɽĴѣϧɳ÷ϼ½Ҫɼжôˡ
ѽɣȴͨʤһѰٸὫһˡ
һĿڷɳۣϫһа˼
ͬٴ̤˹¾ս̣Ҫɽ㣬ΨһľǾܵʵ
ȡȾҡ
ʱһ΢
ϫһǰûãͿһʪұǰһڣͷҷӡ
촽ף˫۰ңѱ;ƿݵıԵ
Ҳһūϫüǣԣżʬ壬佩Ӳ͸
ѣ죬һʯ
ӿϫһӿһĨ֮ɫϢ˵Ŀоǰ
ʯҲ޷ȸңʲô
ϫüܣʵ
ӿɬһЦϸһĨԹѣҲǱץķ߰ɣѵ㲻֮ǰص棬ͻܡɷϮݽߣΪˣ򳹵ױ
ϫüһɷ˿°ɣǵʵ뷵ص棬ҲӦǺɵ顣
͵ؼص棿ȥȡĸңЩɶĻŹ𣿡
ϫȻѲ³Էֻûȡĸңַص汻Щɱȴû뵽ˡɷϮ䵽ǰز
ӵ㹻ʯԴ˵ΪҲɵɷ
ϧǣϫ˵Ǵˣκν˵صķߣ֮ǰѾϵĴ﷨ν޷ģʯˡ
룬ϫһʯֱӶ˹ȥ
ллѣ
ӿʯһ͵شӵϴֻȴǿʯǳϫɱȥ
ৣ
ٶȺܿ죬ӥãͻϢٵĽ֮ˣ
һɲǣϫڴϣһĨŤЦ⣬һıóѵģ
֮ľֻʮɡ
룬Ȼ͵Ϯһɱڳ֮ʱ̲סֽеѣԲסˣΪҲֻܳ²ߡ
δ£Ȼֹ
һֻƵĴ֣ƾն֣һסӵĲյʱϺͣһιȥ
Щʬ壬Ǳɱˣ
ϫ䣬һɨЩʬ壬ѱú޸顣
Ϣ΢ĿĶ֡
ڶõǵڶһΪǳУ˵ɰؾ
ǣĵڶһֱǳбչأϸһʱĻ꣡
ڵڶͱ֮䣬ԭͬһֵֺĹϵĽڶȥ
ǡ֮갢㽫˹ڸϫʱΪ˴ʱٵġħ֮
磬ֻҲҲڶ񡶲Ĺˡ
ĲͱչأڶǶͨգǶĴѴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣҲֻһ֤ɾ֮
ʱֻɱһϢ˥ķߣֱ練ƣĿܻᱻԷ͵Ϯˡ
һĨ֮ɫϣѣҪɱңԲٴϹҵӵܣɽʥݵϹ֮Ҳ˵ɣҵ游ϹҵһϣŹңϹк񱨣
Ϲңϫü
ԣϹңϹͷɫȼһĨϣ
꣡
һ̣ϫŤ˶ԷĲŶԷһĨ㵲ɫҡͷҲɽ磬˭֪ʲôϹұҵġ
˵գֽϹʬ嶪һԡ
뿪ʲôȴַϹʬһѲ飬Ȼĸҡ
ĸңֻ밤ıӾͿԻƫƫڴ˵أĻ죬ӣҲϧ
ϫҡҡͷҪ뿪Ŀоʹһȡ
վסղѹεĸҽ㲻
һӰɳ۶Ϊһ߹ڽµ깫ӣȻ޼ơ
һշɵֻɳʱһֺģһһŮ࣬ڼɽһԪ˵ĺᣬһѡ
һﻹǱͻأɱץߡ
ʱϫһԪڵֻ±ȲɾƿصˣֻҲô
һжԳϫûʲô
¼ҹһ˵ɽĿڣɱ˶ԷֻҲû֪Լɵġ
СӣûȻҲǸڳԺڵĺݽɫԹϣӵǿԸһ·Ȼٺ٣Ҳֻܺͬһ³ˡ
ĿһƳϵʬƤЦⲻЦ
˵ʵָˣ
ϫͻȻʵоƣһһŮʹӣȣѻָʵֻ򣬾ܳΪһɸˡ
ûСӵͦģϱΪΣ¸㣬ֻҪʮʱ䣬ͻǰӣֻҪԹϣ˵ʱ򱾹Ҳ뿪ط
˫ָȻ˵
ǲδеĴ﷨ˣϫЦЦӵв磬Բ޸⡣
ɶԷҲڷһ֮󣬾ͻָֻҲЯʲô챦ˡ
ߣͲùĵˡ
һߣͷϻϿ콻ĸңӿɲٴһˣ
СӣԹԽɣҼҹӿǺȥˣǱ˴Դ컯
ʶʱΪܣСӣº֣
һһŮʹҲǷ׷׳
ҪҪǣ
ڴʱһǿ󶴺ֻһȴ峺һ˿ζ
ľʣ
ϫһȻͿһӰѷɳ۶㷢˳ϸüӣǣƴľʡ
ǶǻˣղųҲҷֵһھ߰˿ĸأܵĿ죬пǵĶ֣ϫӣǧǵĵ
ľվԶԶģӨ׵СϾǷ߿֮ɫѳϫ
Ů
֪ΣգԼʵѵÿɹ
ϫЦľģҿɴûǵˡ


1015 Ī
ûѶԷˣ֮ʼնѶԷ˻ˡ
ԣľʷ֮࣬ҲЦ䣬ǿǶһá
˵ɫȴ
Сӣղűӵ㾹һƻӵĺ£СһҲˣ
ɭ˵ޣȥԸСӣСӽˣ
䣬ѳľʣӰһĨӰ磬һһȭӰ籼йֱľСȥ
һУɴ䣬ɲԸһŮ˽λֱ޳ˡ
ɣ
ľȴӰһһĨƵģֻܶһžµСü
ߣСӣб𣿵ȱץס㣬㳢ʲôıɡ
һУ΢΢һ¶һĨ䱩֮ɫٴǰʮָ繳Юľ˺ץȥ
ʱʹӣǺͳϫսһš
ˣδ֮ɱϾɣԪϣ˿ϷܣΪ
ϧ˳ϫ̥עҪܵһͿ
뵱ϫԵɰؾΪնɱ޽ɱһ߷ߵڶֻ꣬һ֮ɱδ֮ɣҲࡣ
ԸնֲãϫʩչӰһݣֳ֮һֻŹϲɣϢӡĻȥ
ǳѭУͨǶӡ
һǳĴУںܾ֮ǰͰϫɱ֪ǿߣųǡܹУ໥ѭͻӶֲޱȵѹ֮
񣬱ϫԵɰؾΪʩչһӡЮǳɱ£貣ն𵴳һȦȦ
Ҫ֪ɽ磬ؿռ䷨ޱȣܽն𵴳ģƿطǿڡ
ã
ʲôͨ
޴ʧɫһӡУܵһвʶҪܶ
ϧˣխƵУһ׷ɱľʣѸûܵĿռˡ
飡飡
һɲǣǶӡ£ʢУһҽ֮Ѫɽױѹ
ܸ֮ϫ޷ӵвźǣһжˡ
ɣԴǷ
ûзҲֻǿոһ޷ӳ
ɱˣϫͲᣬǰȥľʣȴ淢֣ŮһŹĪٿ磬⣬ڷ֮伫仯֮
ԶԶһƽ̤ǳգ޾֮䣬һǹţƶת
ƵĪ⣬ħ
ֲ֮ǰܶ㿪˵׷ɱԭһ
ϫо̾ľ˷֮ʩչ仯֮Ҫ
ɱ˱ˣʮ֮ԹŮҲˣ
ʱƾù£ּǿͱɱ־ŭӰһ׷ɱľʣӱȥ
ϫĿߣ¾һչӰҪȥ
׷ɱ֮ʣ͵ؿľӰһΣһӵڵأСˢףƿҪʹȥһ㡣
ľû°ɡ
ϫֹֻľߣ
ҡû¡ֻûսЩӦľһЩƵ˵һƣܵĿģ
ûս
ϫһû뵽ӶԷлõһɣЩɶԷôˡ
Ҫ֪ΪߣĸﾭսӲɱһ·
ľʵãûкս
˵ȥֻû˻ˣϫŮ˵ʱµģЩҡˡ
ѵԷûκս
ϫӣҡ̫أֻһʱԻָҪȥѰĸҰɣùҵġ
ľڣС԰ףȴǿһĨЦݣǲԸ˳ϫʱ䣬Եúƽ⡣
㻹Ǹ߰ɡ
ϫ̾˿һװʯĴݸԷЩʯӦúָܻܿˡ
˵ţϫļ򣬡ұ㡣
ľʿ˿еĴֿ˿ϫɫۿڣһſžӨ峺顣
ǿˣ
ϫһЩȻЩ벻ףüôˣ
ɽ磬֪˴˶Ǵ½滳ŮǲһƸСͨµСŮ
ľæһᣬҡͷֻЩڣԼһ͵͵ɽǳϫ㣬ҶЩ֪ôȥˡ
ϫ͵͵ɽ磿ѶɽٷҲ̫˰ɣ
ϫףľʱĽ͵ҴСûţֻһΣ˵ɽ棬ʵ̲סģż͵͵˳Ȼͷɽ磬뵽ɽûô桭
˵СѽסֳһĨŨŨʧ
ˣϫ׹뵽ľҲ֪ƴеһһЩ¶֪Ů
ƫƫأһŮ츳Ϊ֮ߣҲܽǶɽЩ棬͵͵Ҳ̫ˡ
ߵ֪Ѫﲻɡ
ԭˣ뵽һѡһҲ͵͵ӼܳģֻȴǴɽܵ˼磬Ǵ˼ɽ硣
أϫ˰㣬Ц˵
˺һ𣿡
ľʾǲٰҲٵޣȻһ仯ǳܱȡ
ţлʶڣ㻹ǰɡ
ϫԸһ䣬ߵ޵ʬǰһһѲ֮ȴδʲô˵ĸˡ
óϫɰ̾˿˿һ԰ľʣʱ䣬ľʻָֻҪȵ֮ˡ
һҲѼ㹻ĸң˵ȥˡ
ϫҲں˵֮ӿֳһɹɷȴκβ
ԭܼ򵥣дʯҺټϱڵĲ磬ȫ֧ҹϹһ㣬ΪȱʯɷϮٿݽߴ³
ˣҲãʵָ֮ʹӴ˵ɱȥƬ̺󣬳ϫ
ͬʱʯɽУΤͻȻһɳƵͳΤټ¦硢Ѧˣһǰҡ
ˣ
Τһǣˡ


1016 ɾּ
ɽһɽ𶥲һûʵĹ
ಡ
Τ¦硢ѦλǿߣƲ񷣬ٿȻִɽϣ̤ȥ
УΤ¼ū¦縺ÿūסͰ䷢Ѧ˷սĸҡ
òͨĬԵĻѲ߮ս
ˡ
Уһ°׷ڱϣཡ˶ݴǣɢһѪɷ
飡
һλǿߣͬʱҲɽƿߡ
ݼˡ
Τ˹

˻֣㼴ڸղţҽӵһɾﴫּ⣬ټǰͬһ
ɾ
ΤһɫԶȻ
ɾ֮ߣ
ޣɾͬһϵoֻλ޽ɣǧǿߣԼ֮ɻȨݣ
λҲһɾµĻ½޵ķһ򾡣͵˸
ڴлصţֻ֮һ
ˣҲɻ£Ƿߣӣٶɽĸϵһ£˭ҲԸ׿²ǵ鷳ɾô־Ϊʲô
һֵ࣬Ѧ̲ס˵˵ӣеķߣа˾Ÿ֮࣬Ǳͱֻ¡
û˵꣬˼ѱ¶š
㵹ǲõģɾš
˻֣ӽԺ󣬾Ͳз߱ǲ͹ˣΪɾּѴҪҵţһ徴ķߡ
ʦڣֻΪ˼һߣΤɡ
鵭ƳΤһۣɾ˵˼ҲԴȵģ
Τһæ²ҡ
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ͷҴ˴ټǰΪ˴£Ƿгϫ˼ŻɣòȴǧЩͳͳһһһŲˡ
ͷ
ȥɣܼ´ˣɾʹһ˻֡

۾һֻɣɽпԳưԣɷ磬ȴԶԶȲЩŴɡµӵܡ
һǴѲˡ

ĺʮ֡
ڿھʯĿū½½ء
ֻͬЩǣһڻţһ
˺£
ѵҪ뿪𣿡
ˣǵȵȿɡ
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УƣֻɫˮһƬȻο֮У˷۱ѷŭ˼¡
ѦЩӱǲķߣܼжٸ㿴һǷˡΤĿһɨЩߣüʵ
ˣʣµܼʮˡ
ѦüûǴĻ˺ŵִһߣҪҪٵһȣ
ˣĺ֮󲻷أҲֻУûʲôֵ
Τ˵һ䣬ɫһһֻĿһеķâɨЩǣڣǵֺͳֻҪҳҪҵˣͻ뿪
˻һһɧ
棬ǧ磡˳ű
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Τ˶ЩΪʧ
һʱЩ¼ЩߵĻֳô¡ѦһЩƳΤһۡ
˭뵽ץЩߣΪ˼һˣΤü
ˣǲǿԷ뿪ˣз̲סСʵ
뿪ߣûҵˣǻ뿪룡Τǳ⡣
ˣɫһҵ
ˣҪҺˣ˵ʶ˵ݣͲЩء
ʱһͻȻ˵
Τ˽һ񣬵徴磬гϫ˭ϵõģṩϢھͰȻ뿪˵أܻһٿʯĽ
˻һȼһĨϣϸϸһ룬ȴͲ˭徴磬һְ
Ψ۾һһ˷ܵˣ֪ˣ
Ŷ˵Τû뵽龹Ƿ·ת
ҧ˵ʵ˾ʱǰɱˣֻ»ڿ
òҪٽҵְ֮㱨ɣΤɨһۡ
ƴ󼱣¾ʵλ˿Խ£һʱ֪
ȥһòͨĬԵĻͻȻһͰ˵Ŀ󶴣ɳ۶ȥ
ߣͣΤһߣҪ׷ȥ
Τǿ䣬ĺ֮󣬳ɷνΣ֮ǵڴ˾ĵȴΪס
ѦæסΤ˵οСǷʵδȷðȻǰ˵ͻʲô⡣
ΤЦЦƳѦһۣѦӣΪҲ֪ʲô˼û´ͻͬһɰɣ
ѦЦȴٶԡ
ߣξͱͻˣ²ΪΤߵ
ȵȻ˵ɡһԣ¦ЦЦȻһתԶƣ˹˵Сһϣ˵ģ򡭡
ƻһ񱻶߶סһ㣬аһЩͳͳˣ

ʪĿͻȻӿһƷŰɫŨҺ壬ĴƮˮ
ϫϢһ֮γɹĻľʷС
ͣ
ǰɫײڹĻϣ͵һڸʴĻ͵Ե
ɷˣֲϹУʯɿҲ޷ڴ˼һҹ
ϫ֪ɷҲɰһ
ϫӣǸô죿ľѻָֻ˷ɷ֣Щǡ
ڵ棬ﻹǱȽϰȫģһָʵʹ뿪ţ಻ᳬ졣
ϫЦ˵
ıһֱǳоޣ죬һң֮ˡ
ϫ
ڴʱ·ϣƮһڼԶԵЩƮ
˭
ϫһȳû뵽ﾹܵԼ䡣
ȴһƬţһҲû
ãߣ
ϫüͷһ壬͵ʶԷпΪȷԼλãŻᷢõ𸴣Էֻѳ߷ɳ۶
һ뵽⣬Ҳ˲ʲôɷץסľʵ֣ɳȥ


1017 ն
ϫӣ˺£
иˣ
⡭Ҫʲô
к£ķսһ߿žˣĽ
ĿУϫľʷ۵糸㳯Ӷȥ
ԽɷԽŨÿһռ䣬ֱӿĺһ㣬ȵóϫòȫתŵɷеĿɲʴ֮
˭
ϫһ߷ӣԺһ˼ȴѰٲκεüͷһ

ڳϫľʶ˸ʧǼžĵĿУһĲ羪ףɽҶһζ
գۼ䣬ǶغΰӰڳϫľԭפĵط
ӦþСˡ
̧ۣһĿзһĨױɫУ͸ɷǿ
ܣһ֮һϸСһ㣬ܲݣӿɷˡ
ಣ
һɲǣʧԭأһͷýͻϣ֮ɷ׷ɢ˱ܣһ㶼Ӱ첻ٶȡ
ÿٶȣ˿ɽλǿ֮һˣֻԽԽ
űдһƵĽŲԽԽϫǽüƽ
פ㣬Ըľ˱ǧ֮⣬תңңǿԶ
ƿط֮ɣȫơϹǵȻɫɱȣϸҪȴ޽ɵһ
Ϊɽ磬һɣ۳Ԫ󡱣˼㣬ʵܵ޷ӳ
ԣɲĿУǿߵ׷Ψȷѡ񣬷ֻ뱻ޱȵľ֮С
ܿ죬һغΰӰǳܵɷзɳ۶һ߼һ㣬֮ɷ׷˱һա

ϫһУڽɽʱѸ֪Ƭɽɺһ
УΤ¦ǷѦѼΨˣһֱפڿУϫҲֻܸ֪Ϣ޷ŵģ
ǻɾµһɻߣƤ֮࣬Ȼ
ھϫ⣬פ㣬磬ڳϫϣԴƽȴ͸һɾԵƿ
縩ϵĲӥԼּ⣬ҪѽԼǿƺ쾡¡
ץˣܸһɰɣϫɫƽʵ
ȥɾˡ
û뵽ϫһ̣Ȼ侲΢΢һѻָǳĬͨϣһƬĮȻ֮ɫ
ɾ
ϫüԺзɿ˼ţԼûеĴѵɽŻɵĳˣϵĲ֣
ȻҲпǱ졣
ϫΪӵд޽Ϊı죬ܹɾΪĳֹϵ
ΣûлشֻĮȻעųϫһ˵Щʲô͵һУɰأη
δȻ¡
ԭĳϫ͵سӿܻױУȭ֮Уƿնȥ
¡
ױӿΪһȭ֮䣬ųʢĵâУǡһصķ籩ۣ֮ɱȥ֮
һȭǳϫʩչɰؾ۷һȭ˼磬Խʮɽѹ
Ȼɱһȭȴǲ壬촽³ĸ֣
ˣ
˫һӰȰ˫ҫ۵âϵǣͨľګӣӿһĨơ
һָһɫָ⣬֮ղһ䶯һƬ֮ӷȼ
䣡
ȭָδײһƬӿ֮ǹ£ֵҰȺһְԵ̬ϫȭ
ϻڣ֯ǿɲ¶ȷ·նȼ
ɰأֻĸ졭
Į˵һ䣬δ䣬һ֮ϫұۣѣ滯ҽ
Զһľʵ
ŶиŮޡС
Ȼϫұϵȴ˷ϣڵһ㣬ǰұһ̽ѹסԷ
ȷˡ
Ӱδϼ֮֯һƬ𺣣ϫĹ߽ɢ˶ЮС
ͣͣ
ϫ˶ȼգ񱩵ķ֮һ̣ͻữһѻҽһ㡣
ߵȷǿųƿһǣҽͷϤûдĿ𣿡
ȼϻ𣬿ŽߵĳϫĮȻ˵
ϫӣ㣡
ľ̲סһģ۳һѩУ絶оһʥ

ǻŨüһ壬ۻްɨȥ
һ̺Ŀɲ֮δͱƵľСˢףӰҡҡ׹еһҶƼһ㡣
᧿Σ
ȻڴʱϫıٿȻ֣һڰƵĽ棬ƾճڻԺֱӶͷ­
ۣ
Ѫ
˷һҰ޴ľŭ𣬡ˣˣҲҪһᣡ
ŭУϢϢһհ񱩣˫һһϫһľʣҪǰ˻С

ϧһһԴ֮͵һתȻݺһж£˴м룡
һҲܵƫһʯǽϣ¡¡һװը죬ʯɽضɽҡ
ۣ
ľ͵һѪӰԶԶڰ֮⣬Сǲ԰͸֮һƫˣɱϾһɵĴһƷԵûѾǽҡ
һ࣬ϫҲɳƵģݺײұϣһ֮Ѫ
Һãš
ϫ𽣹룬ٿȻǳС

ϫĵڶǿžʹϥأڴϢƣȴڿٵػָţǼ֮䣬һɲ˺ۣѵĽǣֺ
ɾǿֻ֮ҪԪһͷǣָ֮ѪΪǿ
ֻÿһشǾѪȴޣȴǾһһϦܳ׸ԭġ
û°ɣ
κ󣬳ϫľߣƣֻЩήң޴󰭣ųһҸղŲǷԸһ𣿡
ľڷңС԰͸СƵģͷҡΪˣܼȡ
ϫҲٿԷˡ
㰲ˣҰ㻤ϫһǻʬȥһսƷ
ţ
ڴʱĿⲻһƳȴһұڸ֪ʱһѷ죬һ峺ˮӨӨ󡭡


1018 
һұڣ֮ǰһս̮ѷ죬ǽ塣
ǻ˼磬˵ұˣɽҪϤ촷ۣƬ߲档
Ͼǿߵս
ɴҲ֪ɽУ֮ķ֮ж̣Ҫͬ˼ǰɽ󺣣ժǶ£޽֮
֮£ܷԼ
ɽؼĿռ䷨֮ɸ޷нŲƣҲֻһ˲ǧޡ
Ψд޽֮ϣأݺХɽ֮䡣
ϫĿģұڸһѷ죬϶ԼԼɢ峺ӨӨ֣ʪĿвĿ

ϫǰһָ֣̽ǯ㣬ѷʯһ顣
ܿ죬һ˸ߵĿұϣڲһȫյСռ䣬һ峺ξĹ󣬾ɿռϵʯ
ǡ
ϫȣԺвƸֳһƷȴȷϣΪֶʵ̫ˡ
һܲΣգϫһ˽ȥ
СĶڵ棬ڵϸϸϸƬ̣ܹܵһ촥ȫ궼һˬѩȫͨ͸
ָоϫֽһȷƲ⣬Щ΢΢һָΪ³һεľ֮
ͣ
ʳָУ俪ʯᣬΨ˵ʯ±ߵı㡣
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫȥиʯмһ⻬羵ĳ߼ֲһɫʯӳҰ֮С
һɲǣһĨ뵶Ʊϸֵһһ㣬ɢһƢ֮
Ϣ˴ºλãĶһ鱾Դľ׸о

ϫؼâϳǰһʯ
񣬴ľ֮һഫ̫ʱһλƺšɾɽǿߣ̥֮С
ʯν֮ʯǶ̫ľѲ֮һ̻裬ֻܹ꣬һΣָܴ
ɽ磬ˮ鱦»¶鸡ľֱɱ䡱
ÿһֶмУֵǣС׵㱦䡱˵
Щ˵ϫνǶ꣬ȴû뵽һԼع屦ˣһ˴һ飬һʱ֮䲻Щ
һҲ֪ܶһһεƷɱˣףף̫ף
ϫЩԲ׼Ͼɽ磬ɽı飬Ҳ۶ϣӹɣļֵԳ
ΪҪǣݳϫ֪ΪϣƳġ񹂡
ʲô񹂣
̺ⷨشƵͬʱܹ֮ͨٻΪս
ľ񹂣Ƴɹ֮ʣڻԶۡľʵӰͬ׵۽ҲԶŰ׵ۡʵӰ
еġ񡱣ָЩ֮
Ҫһ񹂣ҪĲҲǿ֮ݳϫ֪֮⣬ʮֱͬΪ񹂵Ĳϣÿһֵļֵ²Ҳ˶١
⻹ֻ񹂵ĲϣҪʡī֭ϣַãνǸ֮
ɴ˾Ϳ֪һ񹂵ɣжôˡ
û뵽εøײһԵ
κ󣬳ϫһٳɣСһ˳
Ȼϫת뿪⴦յұڿռ䣬ľʻڴޣϥһ࣬ϸϸ˼ղŵ顣
ɻͻȻɱνǴ˳ϫһֲҲκεͷΨһǡɾ
ϧܹΪɾģԶʥɾĴǿߣ֪ܹɾõ𰸣ʱҲȥðա
Ͼ˴˾ʵ̫ˡ
ΣԼУԼʱ򷵻صĻͶҲֻܾĴڴ˵أȱ֮ɱȥˡ
ãϫҡҡͷ֣ʵɱɱԼĴҲûʲô仯ΨɱԷԼӴ˵
һжˣû򣬾ǳΪɣҲֽϻͽ޷ı䴦

ɽ⡣
ɱһɲǣһɽ͵ؾҲضɽҡβŻָƽ
ȻΤѦ¦ˣЩΪūķҲ֪ˡ
£ɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
ʦˣ
Ѧӻһѵ걮Һ뿪ɽʱ˽´д
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ˣ
ԣһɲ
᲻Ƿ߲ŵִɽ粻ʱ䣬ʱֻδǻĶ֣
һԣ¦ü˵Щ⡣
¦ʱ򻹸ԼʦܵѶѦ۾һºˣݺݶ¦磬ҧӻƭˣ걮ƭ𣿡
ˣҶ侲һ£
Τüͷһֻ۱ɨһۣ˵Ѿһ룬νΪáҹƣСӲȷϾ徴ĳϫˡֻȴɱЩˡ
᲻ᣬСЯʲô챦¦ʵ
Ҳпܡ
ΤƬ̣ĿⲻһƳȺеƣ̽һץһ㽫ץߣһ̤ϣʹӲǱϫɱ˵һ˵һʲôˡ
⧲ץֱԷý̤ϣͻȻٵĳ裬̼նŤˣһоԹŭ֮ɫ
쵰
о죬ȱӵԮһҪһι
ѡ
ٲ˵ھŰɱ㣡
һԣѦ˫ѪشϢһͷٱԵҰޣһŷϾǱ֮߱
Ƽ˸֪ҪĪ衣
СӾʵҲԿ϶ǣߵħһſɲޱȵĴͨ
ܿ죬ƾͰԼһкгûʲôΪҪΤŹɱʹӵĳϫ
ܼٽΤֳ֮ϫ˼
ħ
Τ¦罻һ񣬽ԶЩˣϾѹһͷ³Ϊ֮Ҳˡ
˵δ֮СĳּΪͨĻҲпܻɱ
ȻֿܺС
֪ϫĵڶֻǵɰؾΪԲôˡ
ಣ
ڴʱѦͻȻͷԶɳ۶ȥ
ѦӣȥʲôΤ
ȻɱˣСӲǰЩڶѪУķѪˡֶ嶾̡һֱãΡСӿɣ
ѦԹؼƮнԶһֶ嶾̣ǿһֽ֮ﰡ


1019 Ͷ
ֶ嶾̣
֣Τ¦ɫ΢΢һ䡣
һֽɰаɱѪͫߡβЫ׹롢ǧ㻨򼡢֮ıԪѪںսֶ֮ƶɡ
ɫ꣬λöֻҪһƣԽػ֮أݲϾ
κ飬ֻҪմȾһ˿Ȼᱻֶ꣬׻һѪʬմȾϣʱΣҲһ
쵰ѵˣ
Τ̲סǽ֮һй¶ǹ˵ö֮
һȥǧֶ嶾̲طˡ
¦ɫҲѣû뵽ѦӾ񹲷ߵĴ
ߣ
Ӱһƿ׷϶ȥ
ǰѦ¶һĨŤЦݣϣһɫƿһһλõƿкǿӿȥ
ʦܣһΣʦƴҲҪΪ㱨ţСӺܿҪһѪʬˡ
УѦɫ÷塣
Ȼֶ嶾̣
Ѧӣ費ˣϽѴ
ԶԶأһĻ֮Τ¦ɫһȴǲǰԶԶվǧ֮⣬Ȳѡ
˵ʱγɹĻסֶ嶾̫ԵմȾһ˿Ҳ
С֣ȫΣֻҪΪʦܱĻˮ죿ѦƳһۣһЦ
ˣΤ¦ɫѿ໥һ֪ٳˡ
ݡ
һ˸ӻ죬ΤзɳǧﷶΧγһ󣬽ǧﷶΧĿռ䳹׷
ͬʱ¦紫һ顣
³֮󣬽֪һеȫɱˣϢ©һ˿ɾ˭Ҳˣ
ܿ죬¦õĻظһȫɱˣпвٷ߰
Ѵ˵ΤԣһֻĿ¶һĨɱǾȫɱˣʲôԥģ
¦̾ϢҲֻˡ

ľƴӴԱ߳ϫڰԼЩ˼ͷΣ鷳ϫˡ
ϫҡͷ֮Ͷѡ
ˣղƺ˰һΣôһգֲˣľʲôɻ
ϫһ˵ԼıЦֻõһֶζѡ
ľʻȻһ峺ġ
ͣ
ڴʱԶŵɷһҵݣԼܿһڴɷӿ
һƵƻãǷĿУɢĹ
ɵϫһɨȥȴɫһ䣬ֶ嶾̣
ľԣҲСһ䣬ôȴ֮ţⶫǲ𣿡
ȻҲŹֶ嶾̵֡
ߣϲֻ̫࣬ҪһЩ˭ܷˡߣȲұڵĿռУзӦԡ
ϫЦһ˵ʱ̽ץסľʵ֣֮ǰһխռС
ˣ
һȥϫͺóͶƣǰоҡҷɢӨ׶ׯĹ󣬽˵ӰС
һյͶƣһűǳϫڤຣã׭ǧطϽƣÿһڶ̺ŴķѲƣֻа
ɼˣյͶƵޱȣȫͨķ룬ܹͲһ
һƷԹԣܣռȾһ̿գ˰裬׹
ľʿһĻסˣ૵ǷڵͶôֱɺĽڷ綼ܼ
ϫؿ˶Էһۣû뵽é®Ůǵֶ֪嶾̣Ͷƺ֪һ
ͣ
ʱһƻðұѷƮ˽δϫľʣͱͶһɨһգԵǷ
Ͷ򣬱ǻֶ򣬷ظа˵ֻҪͶƲֶ嶾̸˲ϫ˿
෴ʱţֶ嶾̷ᱻͶɱһա
̫ˣͶȻһԣľܵЦӯӯˮСһȸԾѡ
ϫüͷһԷȻֶ嶾Դ㲻ڣò˶ãЩһֻ¾ͻԼʬˡ
ȻԷ϶²ԼӵͶȱɵԷһɼǿʱô죿
ץʱˡ
κ󣬳ϫɫָƽΨһϣֻܼڱܹڶԷִ֮ǰ֮ˣаնɹѹء

ǳС
ϫɫֱϥأϼתɢҫ۳ʢĹǻԽӳӳĵһʥǷĵһ㡣
ڣ󺣰ХѣƻХĴ
䵤ܣֿٳƬ֮־ڻ춴ļ֮أǡ߹أ
ǡԪ󡱡
ִ̥֮ϣԪ֮λ־ӵΪΪȸ𡢰׻ɱ
ԪִɾڡڡڡԲĸ硣
ԪƬ֮ȫԲزҪأ֮ˡ
ڣڳϫУ۳һƬذص֮ˮУһͷӴӰгͷų⡣
֣ɻɳΪ
ֻɲͬϫɾʱµĻʵ̫ӴһƬ֮ĹģҲǺޱȣѰɵİٱ࣡
һͷ֮еӰͬʵһ㣬ɺļΪԨХ˷
һĻɿǾ°Ͳɡ
¡¡
ɺͻ춴繵ͨѭ໥תľۣǡƾ޾ˮꡣ
ֳһԲϢ
ڻһЩû취ĸʵ̫ӴģҪڣҲѰࡣ
ɼˣϫΪ֮սԺɨͬˣ羳ԿҲڻ¡
ؼڷ֮սӰʵ̫Ҫˡ
һɣܹķ֮ѳƵǷˣ֮ϣѿþȺݡ
Ȼɵ磬ǻ֮¡
ԭĲ
֪Դڵ⣬ڵ⣬Ҫ򣬱뽫ĳһִԲز
ɣյĴûԲ磬̸ֺȥ
һжԳϫԣԶϰΪ˼ʱѾյ壬Բز


1020 ʱ
Ϊ񹂣ĻӴ֡
ϫһرд壬ѭܣʱΣʱʱ裬ʱƻա
֯ݺһһһۣ
ˣ
һĵϲ죬Уԡ
һĴ壬ػ¯֮Уһ鴸һڱϲ֮ϸϸ
һֵݱ䣬һְذĹ̡
򣬱㵮С
ͬҲֻɲյɵķ򣬸Ƕ֪һ
޷

ʵԶŷĺۼ
ףνʵǸ߲εĵ⣬շ򣬷ΪɣҲֿܿܿ
ֻû˲µϫһʼ򣬾һִ塭
ȻϫҲ֪־ٶ֪𺳡
ʱһһš
ϫڶԷУ̺Բ£͸ϾӳžǻȻңʱֻš

ɽ⡣
ʱҹĻ٣˸
ˣˣѾȥʱǿߣֻҲһϢ𡭡
ʱţѦеıԹ֮ŷ׾ӸŤһţԵޱȡ
Τ¦ĬȻ˽ѽʵҲֻܵȴһ֮󣬾º֣Щֶ֪嶾̵ļһնݳ
СӸշܺȣʱֻ͸˰ɣ
¦̲סʵ
ѦüЩͷ˴ѵ¦䣬ɫһ䣬ʧԣҵıڱʲô飿
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ʲô¦Τһ
ʲôֶ嶾̵ڱ
ѦŭȣԭˣᷢıʣղŸ֪һ£ûֱ
ɣǿֶ嶾̣¦羪
һƵı￪ЦѦñԭⲽҰ޵˻㣬УҪȥһ

Τ¦˵ʱѽѦ
Ȼ⣬Щȥ̽һҲãվҪΤ˵Ե֮
ˣȥʲôƨãѦ
ΤĶԷ򣬵룬жһСھûУ𣿡
Ѧɫһ粻ðΣҧӦ
һյɫƿɾƿڷһʵܿ죬һֶ嶾̴ӿӿ
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֪˭ģǽҲɣ
һ̣ѦĶڵѪķʱѪı񣬵˲֪Լıȴʧ߳ңβۡ
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ѵҪϾɱпֶ嶾̣ǰʲô𣿡
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ۣ
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еȻֹͫš
ǿеֶ嶾ѾȥˣԻȥھ
Τ˵˵ʱһеѩһѪ飬䴽УɢѪ˿Եñɲ
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㣬ȥΤ̧ۣơ
Ϊʲôȣһɽе
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£ֻǿеľͷŭת֮󣬽ǿУܿʧ
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ܿ죬һлɱԼĪϰˣԶǿؿɽĻΪȴֻеɾҡ
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ϾЩ߸һĿʯδû㹻ʯάϵϢ΢ٲ粡èһ㣬һսȫЩĶ֡
Ǹ󣬷˭͵ˣɱۡΤԸ

һڻһɫһ㣬ӿǿ֮С
ΤǺڰĿ󶴿ڣͻȻЩףΪɾʦڣ޼ôˡ
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Τ̾˿
ἰѦɫһֱӲŲ˭Σ
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ڣõһߣ¦粻ΪȻοСӲѷɣ

ϫӿ쿴ֶ嶾ʧˡ
ұеխռУľʾϲ
ϫѷִĻûʲôϲֻƽԸս׼
ս
ľһ˹Էֻ¼ֶ嶾ҲκβԼˣԸıˡ
һ뵽⣬ǾӨ׵СϣɸһĨ֮ɫΪС󣬶û˶ֹһֻ϶ûĻս
ʩչһֻҪ֤ԼİȫˣĶҡ
ϫľʵ˼ɰο
ޣ˵ǡջ񲽡ѽǸҵǿ
ľ۾һЩǸȻΡ֡Ҫ鷳ϫˡ
ϫȻ
ʱǼԶĿУһ֮
㣡ĥĥɱ㣡
ɷ⣬߿죿
Ҷ죬벻ˣ
žžž
һˤ;ŭҺɷĿ쳣̶Ȼ
ԭֻЩߺһЩɾĻ
ϫ֪һУаһǳڹؼʱڣʱܵţͿǰ
ֻǶԸһЩߺ͵ǿ߶ѣϫţսصһ̡
ľֻˡ
ϫŤͷľЦЦһ̣ұڣοҪסҵԼˡ
ޡľһСȭͷϫӷİɣұ֤ȵģ
С
ϫȻɫ͸һĨĮȻ
һɽ磬ͱץ䵱ūɱϮһжɱ
ڣʱˣ


1021 
С
һ£صɷ糱ˮ˱һգҰӳֳһȺ˵ӰѹѹһƬ顣
λǰģһȺߣͷơ
ں󷽣һȺڼ׵ĻԼĪϰˣһɷ㣬ŭѡ
ԶŵһӰʱеȻֹ
Ҳͣ
ϫһǳϫȻû
΢΢㼴Ц˵ʱȴȺУû취֪ϫʵжǿġ
һǳϫ
һڷ߿ϫĿУһĨ֮ɫ
ҲѲ³Լץɽνǰ˵ǣν޹ԩ֮ҲԹ޲ѡ
ɵɻԼֶ嶾̶κβʱЩɵη壬ԵЩӡ
ŶСһɱ˻ˣ
ôܣһʲô˵ֶΣźĻˣ
ҵȣȻҵײˣΤ빦
һڻһ¶һĨ֮ɫԳϫͷ㡣
죡Щߣȥɱ˴ˣֻҪףͷ뿪
һһ˦ޣ
ֻҪɱ뿪
һڷ۾һϫĿУǴһĨ֮ɫ
ϫһֱڴЩˣˣҡͷλҲǱץȴѵҪΪŰԸ𣿡
˵⣬һͦоâ䣬ȫҫŶĿĹԣŨҵϢһԶħһ㣬ˡ
οΪɱҳϫЩ˻Źǣɣֶ嶾̶ֻɱڣ뿪
֮ף¡¡˶ϣֱĻꡣ
ɫ䣬ϫĻȷ˵ǵĵط
ڣһɱЩˣһλԸԸ⣡ϫĿ磬һһɨЩߵա
һɱȥ
һӣнһǰȻϫܹɱֲֶ嶾ֻ̣ʲôɱˣһƴһѣпɱȥ
˵ˣ˴ǿɶһǣˣֻץסǲĿܣ
Ƽˣеһ룬߻λǿߺһɴˣǾһǵĶ𣿡
˻һ˾񱻽һˮϨеһĨ嶯
Ϊԣ߿ɻһ򣬳ϫΪһߣֻ򶼻δһɵĶ֣
ɣǴͨأƿ졢ءĿֲڣ
ϵĲ࣬ѹһеǿߡ
ϫ۾һУ絶ϣһΪɱԼϧƻ˶ԸԼǸ
ԳϫĿ⣬ȴǵһЦ촽΢ţ˵һ䣺ɣ
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һƿһͷȵ˶ȰǹԹϽȥɱ˴ˣ򡭡
δ䡣
ϫǺȻ˫΢˫һɹ֮ӿ˫֮ϣǳһĳʢһſŵǳҪɳһ㡣
䡭ʮϲɣĴӡնһɲǼ䣬ϫӳʮǿմӡ
һεǿմӡÿһƽ̺ſµ׵ϣ纣ѭУΪǳǺӻۡ
µһ㣬ʮǿմӡǵһڤƵķʽ㽻һһͨˣХȥƺҪ˷ơ
飡
֮ǰڵĻ꣬һ⣬ѪڰкĽ
Ǹտʼ
һ̣ΰƶǿմӡǳһڻУݿ֮࣬֫ɣѪ٣Һϣһ֮ڣ
һ־Եѹ
ԭʪĿͿռ䲻ǿմӡ䣬ǡƾ̵ɽ֮Уâָ֮
գۼ䣬ɱʮʮˣŵģѽֻʣ¶ʮһˣ
ֻЩģѱһĻû˫ɪɪðһ㡣
գһӱΨǵѪŨҵѪڽӳš
ЩǸǵɴ۾°Ͷϡ
γϫûǣ򣬹һЩǾ㰲Ȼ
飡
ڴʱƲҺţϫһ̤ڵϣѪˮȴǸ޷
һȺɾĻѣȴܰЩɱƵͽʵɱ
ϫٶ֣Ŀһɨˣһ㣬ݺÿУ̼ɫò
ҵȴ﷨ᣬʯƣ΢ܻЩĶ֣
˲ޣ硣
ǰӵ㹻ʯָû֮ҲɱЩɻǣ
˷׷׸͡
ϫóһװʯǸоҸղŵĻǣǾץʱ޸ԼȻ󡭡
̧һָЩŵĻȥɱǣҿһǷ
ϫһʯһڷ۾һԶƵظһĨ֮ɫɵ˵ҪɱЩʱֲԥˡ
ǺôˣǾ͵ڳվΤ˵Ķ棬һص棬Ȼִܵ
ô˵ͻᵱϫɱ
ҪҪģôѵ˵ı
Щ˹
ЩŤͷͳӱȥ
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ϫߣüһֻĿһƽ֮⣬ǿڵĿռϤһĳͨͨһЩûӵģԶϥǣڵأһҵʹ
ˣһ͵ؽеãҴӦͳϫһɱȥ̵ģ˾һ
ʲô֣ϫʵ
ʯ
ãⴢеʯһݣϫ֣˹ȥ
ʯϲлϫѣ
һĻҲٳɣ׷ǰʾԸͳϫһɱ⡣
ϫҲûΪǣֻȴɱЩȡʯҲˡ
ܿ죬Щͱһһ״ޱȡ
û취ЩѻһӵԹޣȻᣬĻܲԹϤй
ҡҲԸ⡣
ϣŵþֽӣϫѣϫү㣬ĹһΣұ֤뿪֮󣬱ضغ㣬ʳԣ
ϫͷŶԷһĨĻȣ˶ԣΨ㲻С
ƼˣȻɫ䣬˹ŭϫҵԮϾ͵ɱңҲӲһ
ϫΪȻ˵ԮģһԸĿ¾Ұɡ
꣡
䣬żڶԷ־У׽Է飬𣬳
ˣЩ߽ԶҲѣղǲӦϫֻھͺһ³
λץʱɣǵĵ˻Ѳıˡϫͷ䣬˿֮⡣


1022 
ҹɫ
ǿһ׳ȥûѶΤ¦硢ѦɫǱޱȡ
Ӧȫˡ¦üء
ҲһЩߺСӶšΤ૵һε͹СӵͰ
ȥѦҧɫһƬǿʲô״Ҳ˵׼
ˡΤֹѵҲ벽ĺ󳾣ʵʵţ
Ѧɫ䣬Τͺ˵ô죿
ô죿ܼ򵥣СӳٻɱҲ١Τǻָ侲һĨâǣСӵлǵһֱڿ𣿡
¦һɻˡ
Ѧŭ𣺡Ҫʦܣ
ǿһ⣬Ҳпɱһλǿߡɹףȴһֱֻ̤˵һ£Ǿ֪ǵĶֻ֣ܴڿʵ
Τһֻ۷ɭĹ󣬡֪һߣ츳׿Խ̶ҲԣҪƾʵҵȣʱǸġ
ԣ¦Ѧ¶˼֮ɫ
˵ٸʵʱˣΪԷ⣬ҪģǽǽӿбƳ
ΤһҲ濴һСӾʲôͣǲ֣ɱˣһֱ£Ǿл·𣿡
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ѦȴߵƳЦֶ嶾̿ɶκβǸĻ˵ģ
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ͬ⣬ǾͿʼжɣ콵ˡΤ̧ͷڳҹһۡ

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У͵زһҵĻζʯѣҳĽ
Щϥأʯڻָķյ͵شӴоѣЩɻ
Ҳ಻סˣҪٵǱƳȥ
ʱϫһڷǽԶɫһ䡣
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ôӣǴӦ˰æһһӵĿ죬ܰʲôæ
ˣľʲü߲ѡ
ԭûָǰʲôæʯָֻǲΪŰˣοǿӦѲطߣӵȥ
ϫЦЦľʷɿ쳯ȥ
ͲǵԸ㣿ľʵǵ
ǿɱ˶ԷĲٻֵֶ֪嶾̵飬ЩֻŹ𣿡
ϫɫƽ䣬ЩǷˣ;ٺΪУ෴˵Ҫҵء
ľȻֲ֮һĨ塣
յ蹦
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̲סЦЩӵĶıߣֶ嶾Ƚ֮Ǵȥһˣ
ǣһҼ棬¹£ʱɾҲȲǣ
ԣƴˣҰǵūʹһǺùˡ
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ڿʱӳϫʯһδ׻ָѾӵһս֮ټ˶ڣֺͶԷ˺ƤȻηԷ
ЦǾý̫𣿡
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ЦѵˣǸģϫ赭д
ãһѦŷ͵Ťɱ뱩ߵıԵ
ȻڴʱԶһɱκβ㣬ټأ
һ۾ߴӰ̤ҹɫƮȻ
ˣ
ΤһȻû뵽δս;˴Ը
٣Щߵɫȴһӱѿޱȡ
жȻӲһɵĶɱɵԷʱ˻Ǹеһޱȵĳغѹ֡
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ͨأƿ졢ءĴڣһˣȴ׽ǳĨɱ
Ǿϵľ޴࣬Խĺ蹵˾
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ƽȴƽף˲㲻ԼĶ䡣


1023 ָ
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ϫ£ڳ˵ɫǱýӲޱȡ
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Ҳˣ˸е㵣𾪺Ͳš
󵨣
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Сƾ仰ؽƤңú
δ鿪ڣΤ¦硢Ѧ벪Ȼŭȳⲻѡ
ѦǴ֣ϫɱ
ڴʱȴͻȻ֣˽ԶȥĿһɨڳϫϣŭЦãܺãˣǵһ˺˵ģ
羪׺Хأ¡¡ը죬Щ߶Ĥ죬ζɫһò
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ѵ˵ЩͿԴһԼóŬǿߵķȡ
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ۣЩɫֱѿ࣬ȴֻǿţɼǿߵĴڣҲҶ
˵ˣҲǴ̤ƽ˵ءϫɫƽ赭дģУͳʮʮźͿˡ
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ظһ飬һЦɫ죬ЩɣǸɾСǲǷˡ
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Ȼһȴĵһ㣬εһڷһľ־Ҫ
Ťͷ˿ϫֿ˿飬ɫ
ȻѴעҪϫһսʱҲû·ѡɲóϫ
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Τ¶һĨ͵⣬֮Щշܹģ
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˻δӦʱһɺ嫡ͻ͡ϢٿȻɢһͷ˯µ̫ѣȻɲһһֱ
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ųʢԣ²ȻһƵҫ۹ʱΣʱͨʱʱƴػơ
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Τ¦硢Ѧɫ䣬ΪǿߣǿϫƵķ֮񡢰硢ӻ¯ǧ͸һԲϾ͸޹Ϣ
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һԣľڣ籦ʯǳųϫǾΰӰһһС
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⾫տ˳ϫһ΢΢һͱһĨ°֮ɫȡΪɣȻʸ񲻰κɷС
˻һΤ˵ɫŻָֻϫĿУѴһĨһζǺ֮ǰûмŶԳϫ֡
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͵һͺֻһʢ̹⣬ͷľӸǣһһεɽһ㡣͵һ

𣬾ѵء


1025 нĻ
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Ҫơ¡أλӵһΪҪڸոյִɽĳϫԣͬҪޱȡ


1026 Ĵ
ڷɽʱϫܹһıҲֻһʯԼĪǧţ˼һʲƵĲƸɽ磬ǿֻܹһͨѡ
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ϫȴúǼƽϣֱ׹ȥһǰƣǧʯ
߻һۣЩɣ´óհƣʵλ䣬½η
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ϫ룬徴磬ϫ
ʲôǳϫ
һһ


1027 ɼ
ϫһУ絶һɨӿߣԼɱ
һĿɨУг类һˮһܵһ־ΣյϢҲȻֹ
ϵң
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ȻڴʱľʵĻ͵طһߣ䣬һĨǵĺ⣬׶һ˶У߶˸ɫ䡣
һϫУҲһѪڣвһȻŤͷԶȥ
ˣ
շһٿȻֱͨǧ׷ɣԻͶʢ
һͦӰٿȻ̤߳磬ⲽoһ㡣
¹ʤѩüĿһͷŨܳԺ¶һű͵Ӣգͬһʵıâ䣬ҫޱȡ
εƣ;߶˻ڣ궼ܵһ޷ݵѹ֣ҧ֧ţ͵ڵϡ
޽ɣ
ϫһϸһĨ֮ɫԷڣͶ֮䣬棬ˣ֮ĳεȴ޽ҲǲѶã
ôһλ޽ɣ
ѵɾԼģ
ɲ֮䣬ϫͷɫҲһϾ񾭽ĹңܵһĪΣ
СһЩҿչ˲ˡϫɿ촫һԵľʡ
ֹչ˲ЩȷǿսܷӶԷˡ
Ͼǿһ޽ɣ
֮ɰ죬һ磬ȼĴڣɽһ
ϫͲеദһʱ䣬ԴӵеʵνżΪ̵֪
˳ϫĴľȴ΢΢һ΢̣ɫЩ˵ĹŹ֣ګګϫӣʵ
ϫüЩľʵķӦⶼʲôʱˣٲϣɾ̫޴ˡ
ʱ¹ʤѩӢ꣬ⲽ˷ǰĿһĨƵģɨˣľϣΪɾ
˻һ˽Զһ⻰пûаʦζô£
Ҳ㱻һ䲻а
ĿǣľʾǺ޾壬ںشһ䣬ֱ̬СŮڱԹƵġ
ǱӢһӿһĨâ˵Ĺ󣺡ģ
ľĹĵƭ
˵ĶԻֱǿһľͷƤ飬ϫֱ޲סľʵ죬˵䡣
һ̣ǱĻش𣬳ϫǶ״סˡ
ֻüͷһšĬãԴһ˿ɵ𣿡


1028 
Ȼ˵һλɾ
Ŵͣ͹ܻԼǲˡ
ֻɣ˵޽ɺɾǼһɣñϹϾҵΨµԷĸһ޽ɸ赭дĿǣȥһλɾ
ѲǿܹݣֱǴ󲻾
룬ȴұ¶û취ԷǴ޽ɣޣ֮ģһֶֻĹ
ϫͬ𾪣ܿ͵ʶԷ̬Ȼǿ֪֮ôֻ֤һ㣬ԷĳͲɵɾ
ԣľʻȻûв߳ϫķӦ˻ӷ۵Сȭͷ˵
ʲô£˵˵ɾˣɾ;ܾôˡǰü
ʣ
ƺϫڸȷһλӵд޽Ϊ꣬Ȼľǧ˿ƵĹϵΪ˼Լ
ʵҲˣľʼ꾹Լ򱧲ƽ֮⣬¾һߣɿЩ췢һ顣
УɫҲһ
ø磬˵˲ˣԵ޹ץңҪҵūǲǳϫҲͱЩ쵰ˣ
˵꣬ľЩֹסķŭĹ˵
βòȥɾֻһˣ͸һĨƵŭ
ˣ˭ǳϫӣ̧ͷľʡ
ޣǽˡľһĶͷЩյֹһųϫ䣬λǳϫӣġ
ָŰ꣬ϫ֣ܵľ١
ľŰĿڳϫϣһԷֻɳΪֻϫ˵ͷɫȻδ˵ʲô
ʱϫҲ׹ԭľʱ֡
ǵãľƺλֵһЩģͲס棬Ӽ͵͵ɽ硣
ֻû뵽ǣԷȻһ޽ɣЩˡ
ǿߣѱɵһԴͷƵģԲݴ͡
߰ɣ͵͵ܳţǵһڳŭǰ綯Ѳֻ¾ץˡ
ľҡҡͷεؿľһۣ˵һȴǳ֮ɫ
ľ࣬͵ҡͷ˵УҪͳϫһҿǷٶ飬ܾô뿪̫ˡ
ϫľô˵϶Ϊ˱ֻԼԸⷵˡ
ڴʱһܵһԱƵĿԼϣ̧ȥʱͿľԼɫƽȴ͸һĮȻ֮ɫ
Ҫ򵥡
ľٵڣóһѩŝϼɽһƷһɳķ߶ԣԳжˣ°ɡ
˵ţһףͽһɽ˳ϫ
̬ȣһʹͺʩᣬ˶ԣܻһȻϲ⣬жˡ
ɶԳϫԣȴһɲΪľʣ̰Էܹ֪ͼȻȻЩʩɡ

룬ϫɫȴǲָһ׹ɽ˻ȥˣɽҲòߣջء
ľһ±䣬ɽץУĦţɫȴĮȻͱ䣬ѴһĨãҪʲô˵
ϫҲһĨŭüãҾľΪ̰ͼı
һɳСһȻҺԼ˵ľһĿгױ䣬ú޸飬ô˵ǴľǷһˣ
ˣøǲǷҪҴӽԺ㣿ľʱҲףüһ˵
ľüͷһ壬Щε㻹СδӴնϲ⣬ôҲΪ˸㱨ѡ
бľ˵˶ٱ飬ϫǺˣԲˣ
ľʻ˵ЩʲôϫȴЦˣͻȻоһĿӵļһƽϣĺû壬ҡͷȰľ㻹ֻȥɣýôࡣ
ǡ
ľһżֱţô뵽龹ᷢȵز
߰ɣҲò뿪𡣡ϫʼ磬Ц˵
ľһ˿ޱľ٣ֿ˿ɫЦĳϫȻղѣͻȻ֣Լȷ̫ûˣС鶼á
ǡҪأпһȥѧԺģգľʻһ̾Щ˵
ϫ˵ͷҲء
УľһֱڳĬʱͻȻ˵ѧԺɲ˭ܹȥģɰǰһǧȻˣΪʱ뱨ֻʣ²һʱ䡣ȻҲԵ´ΣǿҪȴ֮ˡ
֮ǣʱڣһֻɳļһɰǰһǧ
˵գѴľʣ̤һս磬ʧ
ϫӣһԽѧԺģ뿪ǰһֱƲֵľͻȻŤͷ˫ֳ״ߣ˳
峺Ȫˮء
ǵȻֻҪϣҳϫɴδϫһа˵
˵ǼһﻹǽлᣬҲһҽյҪηӦˡ
ϫջĿ⣬Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ֮Ժ
ľ١ľ١ˣ϶Ǹľ٣
ʱҲӴѹҲ֪ʲô͵ʧгУǴһĨŨŨ𾪡
ĸľ٣ԱߣȻԴЩ΢΢¡
˭Ȼɽ֮һɽΪɽ֮ŵľ٣һһ٣ɫѴһĨ֮ɫ
ʲôȻҲˣʧֲãֲð㾪ȷþɾ
֮һ
ɽ֮ţ
ԣϫҲһȣ̲סʵһ
૵ֹɽǧŰޣɳУҲֻλľٱ֮һעһ㣬ҫ䣬ɧ
ϫȻЩ޷ǲЩˣ
ţҡͷǵõɽ繫ϵλÿһӵ֤ʣǰһ֮϶Ϊ
֤ʣ
ϫڶݣһеҲ˽ˣϾ֪ɽ֮УΪ֪ģֻ䡢δ롢񷡢λѣ
λûڣ
ϫһж֤ӵ֤ʵǺεȵĲˡ


1029 ɰ
֪ľٱɽ֮һߺͿԶһʧ;̾
ɾĴڶԣһֻҲṳ̂޵Ļᣬ񣬾ȻĿһλ˵еĽǰ֮ܵҲͿ֪ˡ
ϫͬȲѣһ뵽֮ǰľٶԴԼ̬ʱеľ̾һɨգЩΪȻ
Σ
ԼˡӲɱɽ磿
ŻģֻҪԼŬ˭ҶԼͲܳԽǣ
Ϊ˶ʤ졣
ϫǿ֮ҲӲԷƱ֮ˡ
֪λľٵãɱңҲǴ˴һԣ߷һп
ϫüЩϲһɣ˵ʱܲԸľ֣ʵʲôɰ񣿡
ɫһ֪νɰȡֱ֮⣬ˣԶɽǧŰΪ׿仰˵Ҳֻ츳ɻַ֮Żɰϡ
˵ɰ񣬰޵ĿǧŰٸ񵥣ޣԼɰ
һ񵥣ֱư񡱡
ľٿ˵ɰǷɽԣֻɽܳǿߣУҽֻǰһ֡
һְ񵥣ʵɰ
Ͼɽʵ̫ƴǧŰޣÿһٶӵаɳǣڼơ
֪ǽɽе顢ȫĿǺεȵľˡ
Ҳˣɰ񣬲Żưܰ֡
ߵĽܣǧŰУΨưǰһɽǿߣʸȥɰ
ʸǷܳȥǾ˵׼ˡ
ĹڶУưǰһĴڣҲֻʮ˵֣ŻɰϣΪ󣬼ĩβ
Ͷ޵ʵйأɽǧŰУֻͨĴڣԶԶȲһЩӵϵͳޣ˵䡢δ롢񷡢Ĵˡ
ЩֻɰĻ֣ۼ񵥵ʸ񣬻ƣҪһǣΪڴ޽֮£
Ҳ˵Ψɡ־Ĵڣʸɰ֮С
Ƹӣʵܼ򵥣ְ񵥣ֻд޽֮²УҲֻ츳֮ܰԼϱߡ
ֵһǣư񣬻ɰ񣬽Զͥ䲼ɽƺ⣬Ҳ޷Ԥ
˽һУϫףΪľ뿪֮ǰΪλһֲɵĿǣֱԼ޷ѧԺˡ
ԭͳɰϣҪ϶ΪףοǰһǧǾ͸ϼˡ
ѧԺĻҪ֮һɰǰһǧĿȷ˭ܴﵽġ
ɽ磬ݹ۸ڼƵУܹﵽ׼ģҲֻһСѣųɾŶԵС
û뵽ֻǽһѧԺѣͻ˿̵Ҫ󣬴ҲԿѧԺֶôĲˣҲֲСʦ˵ֻҪУҲκԼ
һУϫҲǸпѡ
ֹ˼磬ɽУҲ޴ڣʵԶǺһеı׼ɽԼλĺҪ˼ΪʵͲпᡣ
ϫȡԼƣҪһݵͼ͸뿪
һˡ
߳һһɣ˵ʵ浣ĳϫºɱڡ
Ͼϫ޵ͨΪ˱Ⱪ¶٣ɱҲǼпܵġ
ƫƫأϫûôҲһֽٺĸд
ӶȻѰˣܹɽӳֽʶ֮һľٵãɲѰܹ֮ġ
Ҳ˼˵ο׿һв̸ܱɾʦڣּͨ׷ɱ֤ӵĲͬѰˡ
ۼʵĸߵִɽŶ̶죬ܱǿģǿ˷򣬿ɸղžȻ׻ˡ
˵󣬲ЩȻȴ𾪣һϸ˼ּģ
ֻǿϧˣⶫУֻǸ޷ӿɾļá̾˿
ߺߵĪˣղľٿԣҪǰɾһˣпܷʲôҲ˵׼
ҡҡͷЦʵⶼûϵ˵˵ȥվֻǿطСѣǰĴˡСûɱڣҲˣǿɲܽҷȥ͵ʽ˻ˮ˵׼ʲôء
ߵ˵ͷΪȻ

ʱϫѾȫ뿪Ƿ
ڵĿǰɳǡƺǣ̽һЩϢȻ뿪ޣĴ֮һޣУȻҪŬɰǰһǧ档
Ʈɽʱϵ
Ͼɽ磬˵ԼɶԷƮɹΪ֧֣һʹƶԸԼǿзʤ
ͬⶫҲǾ֮أ䲻֪ɾΪλּᷢͨԼȴѾв˳ϫٶڴˣֻΣա
Ƚ˵ѧԺͿʼֲ̽׺ĸ׵䣬֮ǰԼýʵ˵ˣ㶼ѡ
һڰзɶݣϫһ˼⡣
ԼϾյִɽ磬δУ֮ǰһʵԼĿ꣬á
Ҳ֪ƺɳУǷͨ޵Ĵ͹ɽ磬Ҫ޺֮䣬ҵΪ԰쵽
ϫѾ˽⵽ɽط֮£Խ֮ĺɣΣأгʱһУ롣
Ҳֻд޽ȼĴڣʩչ˲֮޺֮ĿԽʧС
޽֮£ֻܽ͹кɡ
Щ͹󣬽Զ̫Ӵ񣬺ͥƿأֱ˸޵ɾС
ƺǣǶ޵һģĴɳǣڷʢڶߣ̽ϢҪԶԶԼϹǿǧٱ
ϫһУ󣬹ۿɽ⣬һĬĬ
ûԵڶǽǳչΪ֮û취ڱ𣬵ڶʵ̫࣬һʲôʣǶ֮
𿴵ڶܹնɱϹƵȷߣʱͲǶ֡
ɣǣɽ֮ѪִǵȾ֮󣬷ӳսֻ±ȱΪǿֻǣЩ̫ˡ
ϫʱĿͽסüͷȱ幦Ҳȱϵĸ򣬶ȱһ
ǾǳġѪʯ


1030 ɱ
Ѫʯ̺ŴѪʯΪԴڻĹʱڱħ֮٣Щħһ֮ʯϡˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ѫʯħ֮Ѫɣ
ûħ֮Ѫһжޱ֮Դ
ҲѪʯϡ٣ɽУ˵ĿԵΪϡ٣һǧ֮УѰٳһġ
ճϫ֪Ҫɣ˰Ǵ֮⣬ҪӴѪʯΪ֧š
ֽżգɣ׾Ѫ壬߻ħֻʣһʬ
ʷϣΪ߽ɲɶ߻ħҲżʡ
ҪɣҲûѾȥѼһЩѪʯһķѵʯֻҪˡ
ϫһ뵽⣬ЩͷۣҪƷҪΪ׼һУɶҪĲƸ
ȵƺǣͰЩѹεĸܶһٵɲʯ治еĻǼѹεɱҲˡ
ϫаݣû취Ϊɰǰһǧ˳ѧԺҲΨˣҲֻڶʱΪ
ôڲ·ɳţһ·ϣɽ羰ɫ׾Թ϶һţ·ɽ֡
ò˵ɽȷ޵ʥأڳϫУЩ·ɽɭУ̺ųޱȵһЩֲ
һЩĵط˼еĴ䡢ȣͨ顣
ȻЩͨΪڤϣ
ȼĴڣ˼жһǿ߼𣬿ɽ磬ҲѰͨĴڣΪɽ磬֮򷽡
һͷҹ֮ܺܿ쿪ǣɱΪһࡣ
һ·ţ֮ͻȻ֮䣬ǰҰΪ֮ǵƽϣֳһƴԻ͵Ĺϳǳء
ĹӰϼεضֵϢգһȾ紫˵е֮ʥذ㡣
ƺǣ
ްǧɳ֮һ˵һųǣ˵һȣͳϫʯŹһĹҲûʲô
ԶԶһֻǺƴǳصϿգŸֵָϢҲ֪жٵС
ʱвٵɡɣԦݣʹɱƺнⰻȻַ
ɽ֮
һĻϫҲɾ̾ѣϸ˵һϼʶɽķòȻֻǱɽһǣȴ𺳲ˡ
ಣ
ϫڵ棬Ƭ̣ͲнƺС

ƺǹϹ󣬷ʢǶɴɡƺڵ֮̾ء
һУһֵƽ̹⻬аɿĽֵ۴αȵĵ̡¥ҩС䱦¥ƮƮޱȡ
˼֮Уһɶеϡ
⳵ˮˮƵĽֵϣϫҲɲһ˿΢΢Ļ㱣ɽ磬ɽ磬ɼˡɼ˼ķ
ܿ죬ϫѹǰƺǵķͬмʶɽĲ̺ʵ
ܹ侲ؿɽһУΪɽûսɱǼ֮ء
෴ۼȼɭϣʵĲпᣬ֮Уֻûĸܺɽȡ
νйкڰ
µķ󣬻ǼµĲпʵ
λɳմ׻ץһͷ۸ɱĲѡ۸ţֻ˰ٿʯܶҵö⣬ۣ޽죬ʧʧ
һװûʵľ¥ǰһɾһ˽ͭߺȣͭйӰתӳֳһͷͨȼհľӰ罣ŭ
λ͹٣亱Ʒεġ֮ġǱ껨ѴǮһλղսصĴ޽йãɳǧ⿣ζһ޶ܡ
һ¥ǰһɴ壬Ůһͭӣһҡͽɢͳԣ͸һԵջ
һƣһʦԲٵƵҶƣֻһǧȴֻڽ񳯣һĪ
ɽϵȶһʮĶģѣƺɣȫǣǱ޴صѡ񡣡
ƺǵĽֵϣʱܿһЩ˼мΪĶһЩֻɽŶеĵʡ
½룬ǧٹ֣ϫҲǴ۽硣
죬ȥƺǵȽˣɱưĵһʮ
ʲôѵģ
ߣȥȽˣƺɵĽܳӣ֮Ųʮܹ꣬Ƕưһʮʵ˾̾
ͻȻԶһĴУȺһ궯˽Զǰӵȥ
ϫһ̧ңңһͿǼԶһƬͨߵɱڣ֮£ŝأΪ
ѵǡɱڡ
ϫһҲȺ˹ȥ
ʱһɱ֮ǰӵȺһ׹
ϫǰͿɱϷ׭šɰּּư硣
һ࣬һͥеķگķտȻ͸һߵȨϢ
һͥ߷گӡϫ˲֪ǡɱڡɡ
ɽǧŰޣɳУԶһɱڡϼ¼ģڸ޵ɰ
Уɱǳ̫֣֮컯ɽӦűͥƹܡ
ģȴܹ֪
һǻꡣ
ڶĳ塣

ϫ̧ȥȴһѲϤ֣Уһǧ֮
䲻֪Щ˭ϫȴܹǰһǧģǶްǧɳܳһǧ׿
ȻȽѾڵһʮλˡȺУ˷ܴС
ǰֽٶȣȽҲһܰ񣡡
⵹Ǻ˵̫ܰˣܹϵģĸǸľ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
ϫ֪Ϊưɰϰ߳ƺɰΪܰ񣬶ڸ޵ư򱻽Ʒְ
ʲôǻꡢĳ塢ȽһϫȴǰȤҲޣԭܼ򵥣ʶԷԷҲǰ㣬԰ϵʲôȵĳ˼
ǰ⡰ɱڡǰҲΪȷһ£ԼϵʲôλϣΪԺܰ׼
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫһ࣬Ϣ񣬽ԼһʶɢӿˡǸɱڡ֮С
ˣ
һĲӿȫϫǰһԺо͸ֳһнӲӵĹۣȻڶе


1031 ͨگ
ϫԼʱ΢΢һǷһĨ޵ĹŹ֮ɫƾƲ⡣
գЦҡͷת뿪
Ҫȥ̽һ޴ϢͬʱٰϵһЩĸҸǷܶһһЩɲġ
ڳϫ뿪ûãǡɱڡǰһ͵ؾгף쿴Ǹ֣ĺÿ죡
˻һ˵עʱĿ˹ȥȻͿɱ·һ貵Ľâɿ𣬽һһںߡ
죬ƺһǧڵģоǶ޵ɰ֪ˣɴû֣
ϫһ˭ĸɣ
Թԣǰˣ
һĻøȺʱ䶯ˣһ۾һĨĽ⣬ĿдһĨ֮ɫָеİ
Ҳⶫ޺ƴӵаǧɳǣڼƵ飬ǿƣƺǣҲֻһɳǶѡ
οɾͨϫ飬Ҳֻɾµǿ߷һԶԳϫİҲ֮С
İҲԢδ֪
ڳЩߣԶڴˣΪǶưǰһǧ֮УһɫǸӵܣɢޡİ˳֡
һǻ꣬ɾڶĳ壬Զ޵ĹС֣಻ʤ
񣬾Ȼһİֳڰϣɱǰһǧڶ̶̼֮䣬ͳǰβ˳Ծ
˵ϫܽڼ
˭֪أڿɶǰˣƣûһ˿ͣ͵ĺۼܳ嵽ĸλˡ
Ź֣ʵǹŹ֣ѵĳУֳһλţôδ˵֣
ˣһİֳˣѵһʢ˵컹Ŀһ漣أ
ǵۣɫʣһ㡣
ʱƣųϫֵĽ⣬һֲٶ˵ҲһɼȻɻ󡭡Ϥ𾪣ֱԡ
ԭֵգһӱóѻȸ
˵ĿⶼһĨĽ⣬Ϣ񣬾һȺͽ۰Ͱ͵صſעһ
գͣ˵һٶʮ㲻
λãǡλڸղǼΪעڵһٶʮȽ֮ϡ
ˣԭվը˹˳
һٶʮȻһӸɰ˰ϰ˰ˣ
٣ǲۻˣ֮ǰȽҲڵʮλҲǽų˵һʮѡ
һ˭ֱǲѣһ˰
ϫѵһɾĵӣ
ɾ⵹ǼпܣҼǵõɾǻ꣬Ҳһ֮ڣֳ˰ǰһʮĥ£һֱռŵһλãѾʮˡϫвǻ꣬Ҳ˶١
ⲻܣ
ڴʱһϼޣŮ͵شȺվǸɱǰųϫ֣촽΢ţһŵģ
Ƚˣ
һϳŮӵݣʱһȻѣû뵽Ȱ콾ȻҲˡ
ƺУȻƺɣƺУȽ˾ǽЩҲܳһӡ
츳̶ʮʹ֮֮Уһλƺ޼ˣһΪòصŮӣ벻Ϊ֪ѡ
ȽȻ˸ɱ֮ǰЩĻܰסһ˷벻ѡ
ȽȴһлȻ㶶һʮߵ֣޾ձòðΣ͵ؽе쵰һԵļһôѹϱߣ
У͸һĨŭͲʡ
仰˶Уȴһ϶¶һĨŹ֮ɫ仰ֱ̫ںˣҲ̫˸ˡ
ѹϱߣ
⡭
ʱȽҲӦ鱾ͳΪţҲ֮ɫֻһĿݺɨһۣмޣЩ˼ĻɫҲѹϱ߰
˼ˣҪǾ쵽ҲûǸͰ
ˣȽӨ°һ̧ɫоǱ֮ɫЩһһٳתʹ뿪
ڴʱԶ͵شһװĺ
һɵĻнΪһ²ꡣ
ɾĻô
һЩϳԷݣӻɶǶɾµľ붼Ĵڣս⺷
ӦǰƺǴɾּģǿΪ׵Уһŷگ𣿡
Լµʲôȳ
Ȼ꾶ֱɱڡĺ󷽣¼ŶɰͬⷴɱϣհһƬͨگ
ৣ
꽫зگ򿪣ɱӡһ£͸ֳһӰӡȻһͼ
ͼ·עŴ˵֣µĶ£ԼͶȡ
һУһԻת뿪ҲҴңȥҲҴңȻǻҪǰط䲼һͨگ
ɾ´ͨگԹԣǶֳʲô׶񼫵˰ɣ
ЩǷ׷״ǰһӡµͨگȥ
ϫⱻͨĵùһȻҲгϫ
һ˿ϵ֣ȻʧЦЦݾͽסˣϫòǸϫɣ
ʱҲеΣһɲ
ֻϱдšϫ徴磬ǰɽ磬ɱ飬Լ¡
죬ֶβ̣ṩߣʯһ飬ܽ伩ߣһʯɱһ
һگӡۣŶɾȨ
ߣɱһɣ⡭ôܣ˾š
ֻ߲ɳΪҶ̶֮ڣҲ˹ϵʵ
£ɾͨگо˵һ߲ɱһɣȻ˸еԽܣ𾪲ѡ
ϫ³ڶư񵥵ǼһʵЩȷš
⵹пܣһ뵽һɳļһȻưһٶʮ̫Խˡ
ǰǰһǧУһɫΪʱͻȻðɣǳΪ˭ܽܵˣ
۷׷ףԶޱȣһ֮Уϫ־ȻͬʱڶɰͨگϣҲδЩˡ
ȽͬȺУͨگһӰҧ˵ϫǳϫҲ̫ˣ
ôǵãڸղһԱߡһ࣬һ˶ͨگһ񣬲ɰֹ
ԣȽһʱĺ촽΢̣еȻƺУҵҲ㾿кͣѹȽһͷ
ֱǶɰǸ֣ͨگǸͽȻͬһˣ


1032 ɸ
ƺоȻûд
ϫڳĴ̽һ֮󣬾͵óһۣЩơ
ΪƵǣڸղţ˶һУһ̾ӵͱȺŹˡ
ŵ֪ɾ´һͨگͨΪһʽ
֮ĳϫѾ˹Ľɫһ֣˺ɱ
֮£ϫֻøòһȥ˲ٵķ粨
һģͨľګ꣬ͨöȺжʽ
ϧСֶֻѰһͨĴڣֻ¾ͻᱻʶαװ
ϫڷˮĽֵϣüѣûҵΪִͨЩֹˡ
˽⣬޺֮ĴУҲֻɳӵУһλɳǣɾ֮أֱӱϫԵˡ
һλ黪ɳǣƺɳȴǧ֮ң˼磬ȻѲסϫʩչ˲Ƭִ̾ܵ
ɽ磬Ψд޽ɲɴգ޽֮£ֻܼԦʩչɶ֮·
ΪҪǣϫܻɣ黪ɳǣѱرֻԼء
ܼ򵥣ɾ϶µԼҪΨһİ취뿪ޣ֮⣬
˵ֻҪסɳǺ黪ɳǣԼ͵֮ʱƣֻԽԽΣա
Ͼɱɾ˭˲ǲԸҳϫһҪ
ϫаݣսɽͱͨ׷˭Ҳܲˡ
֪䣬ϫߵһֺޱȵ¥ǰͨɰɣ߿ĵϼ⡣
Χһȣ¥ȺԵΪĿ
ֻϣдšɸĸϴ֣ǧ򳣬ֻԶԶһ͸һĺΡϢ
ľӡһ˿ɾɽأ᲻ɴݣд֮Ϊֻڴ޽֮ϣ
ϫһа̾ѣǴУܿɸĵкεȲˡ
ûٳɣ˽ȥ
ղ˽⵽ϢɸǷֲɽеһУǧŰٸУķ֮һ̷ֲ
ƵǱؿ¡
ɸв۸ɱеҩҩƷνǰ
ϫΪ˽еһЩĸҸһһЩɲġ
δ̤ɸʱ͵شӴڳһȺŮŮߣһɺĵ̺Ӹ¥̿һ̵ֱ˴֮⡣
УЩͳϫһɸĿˣȻһ࣬ȴû˶˵ʲôǳɸƣ˸ڴˡ
Щ߷ţԶں̺࣬ģҪӭĳһλݰһ㡣
Ǹλɸйͼ٣λһܼģ߳汧ȭ˵
⣬⣬ֻ£ɸͣҵһ죬ֻҪʧʯɣһ˿ͿЦ˵
ι΢΢һЦȴǲ˵ʲô
ι£Ǻηʹݹ٣ҲǰӼݣ˺ʵ
ԴˣιֻͬǺЦ𻰡
һЩɸĿˣ֪ƺɵǰι¶ûԳӼݡ
񣬾ڳƣǰӭ׼ɾ˺ˣѵԷǴ޽֮ϵĹͲɣ
ڴˣϫˣоԼ˵ƺЩ̫ˡ
ûѰȻֱ˵ͨ׷ҪһһЩɲģֱ֮⣬֪Ҫͣҵβƣ
ҡҡͷϫת뿪λݹɸ˭ᣬûаȥ˽Ȥ

¥
㡣
ϫһЩƲˣЩһУЩɣѵû˰׿ߣԼһӿʼˣ
׿ƺһв̸ϸϸһɽ֮飬ϫǷ֣Լûһ£
ҲֻǰɸһˡϫҡҡͷŴ˼
¥Ǹ֣Ϊ˼УôƵƣƺƣ޷֤һ¥һ
ƺɳУ¥ȴһһľ¥ܹڴѵĿˣ󣬾ֹĹóϫԵЩ롣
ʱεӰֻòֱüΪͨľګΪ̫ѰԵЩˡ
ϫȴںأĻںЩϸ֦ĩڡ
ʱ¥ݿڳһȺ˵ӰһȺˣһŹʣеŮˡ
һ붼ɢǿҵʾ׵Ϊ
ǲǻƼҵĳӻ컢𣿡
μҵ¶ҵĹ
ƺɵĽܳԳҲˣԹԣƺߴǿ߾λ
¥ı˽ȻϳȺ˵Ծѡ
ϫƳ˶ԷһֻۣһȺɾˣջĿ⣬뷢˼״̬
һŮԶ˷֮֮ͬҲʵˣڳϫĿУҲǲѣûֵ̫עĵط
Ƭ̺Ⱥһ𣬸̸ۣΧǷ׷ײĿΪ˹עĽ㡣
ȺУһλط룬Ƥ𪣬һϸĵۣɢŨҶϢΧ˿ĿԴһ˿صζ
Գ֣λҵǰΪ˺£ѹһ̲סʵ
Ҳ׷ֹطꡣ
ԳеطԣŨüһѵû˵𣿽ոɱϳһİ֣ȻѹȽʦһͷ֪СӺпܾɾͨͽ
˵Ŀǳϫ
ԱһŮ˵εװĻ𱬣üӣΪ¶ƺμҡ

ԳеͷɫߣӸշɽ磬͸ɽ£˵ѳƺУǡץĴʱ
ԳУǰòΪץǳϫɣ
һ˳ԾɱһλɣڶưһʮλԶԶҵȵǡ
˵꣬ͱԳɫһϵûӣھ뿪
ɫãЩѿ
¶æһȰˣԳʦּȻô˵Ȼȫ׼İţҲ١
һջû뿪
ˣԳɫһĿһɨܣͻȻƺԳУҺҪһЩҪ飬ռ¥֮أλ뿪е˵ͳͳϡ
ԣ¥Ŀ˷׷ܸɴ뿪в˷׷Գе⣬ȻûκεĲ졣
Ƭ̺󣬳ȥԳеˣ¥ǿտҲ󲿷ֿ˶߹ˣΨڽٴλϣϫɶŴ⣬


1033 ˵
עųϫıӰ˿û뿪˼طԳɫһƽ˵λѣӣ뿪
ϫޱתͷǻõ֮𲻿ɿƵط
죬ʵ̫ùˣ
ûˣΪͨһһЩɲֱ֮⣬¥һȺһţβ߻׷Լ
ѵԼ˺۸
ϫһǿ԰Ҫߵĳ嶯Ĭã˵ֻ뾲һԣñҡ
뾲һҲԸʱǷǣΪܵģЩ쵰֮ٱһЩʼϲĵù
仰һڣȴЩһɫһãʵ벻һòͨͨΪͨͷβͨͨļһô˺Լ˵
Сӣղ˵ʲô˵һ飿ԳüɫЩ
ǣӿǲ֪ƺǵĹأô˵һǸé®Ĵ
ˣٸһᣬ֪һɵСӼƽôֻ࣬ǵݡ
ҲЦѡ
ΧЩɾ¥ŮѪɫϫĿнԴһĨӣֻͬ飬ȴɻͲ⡣
ǵȷܷѽ⣬оϫǸѵ֪ڳЩˣԶƺǸٮٮߣλɶڶɰϹֵĴڣ
ʱߣɵֱԼҴʲô
СӣѵҪǳȥ
ϫԼţԳüͷǴһĨŭв֮⡣
һʲôֱӶȥƢΪĻ컢ȫ
Գ΢΢̧ͷ˻컢һۣ컢¥Ҫ̫
ģҾԻСضȥ
컢Цһ͵شϫǰ˫Ƹǣţӿűֱϫ˫ȥ
֪Сһùҽʲôǲʶ̧ٵ³
˫ƿ£Ƹͣ˵˺ϫһ֮£ˣȻüǷ³

ϫͻȻ̧ͷ˫ĮȻӿһԻ棬֣Ѳ֪ʱ̽ὭԷץסһ˦㽫ԷߴֱӶһര⡣

ǻ컢ɫ䣬ҪѸٵΣȴϫʳָᵯһָϢϮԷڣסȫ罩ӲľżƵġ
һ̣һ컢׹¥ֵϣ˸ʺǻԹȥȫһ˪ǱϫָУ̺һˮ֮סȫ
¥㣬Գеɫ䣬컢Ȼ˸˳ȥûԹȥôܣ
֮У컢ڵΪڶưϵҲԳС¶Ե͡
ǣòΪ綼ͨµļһ˲佫컢ɣֱجе龰
㾿˭ٲɱҵȲˣԳгɫޱȣܹɻܻ컢ģѰ֮ˡ
Ҳɫơ

һ֣ϫѺ֮£Ѻƽ˶ϣһ̣磬ɨԳеˡ

һ֣Գе˶У͸һûʲôƺУ˭Һ˵
֣

Գе˽һǳ⣬кߵͬ飬Ȼ֡
ȻλѲЩӬľ
ϫԳһЦлһϤս͸һɲǼ䣬ϫһˣһѪɱ֮ľױʣ
䣡
Ųǰһ̤һεʵʣЮſɱɢϯ˷
Գе׵壬ʮɽƣ͵һŲһ٣һ죬Ϥ˳ȥһѪ˵صڵأ˲֪ٵαյ
ЩΪģֱ̱ڵأѪʹȥ
ҾŲɱ
ǴԴе۷弶񱻳ϫз֮ʹƥԺɨɾκζ֡
飬ϫնɱοЩΪֻɾǻˣ
֮ܶЩһ鷳ҵһ̵ֱ͵ĳϫͷϣñᡣ
飡
ϫһ̤Хɢֲķ֮Юɱϯεķ籩ѹһ㡣
ۡ
ԳеֻԴ˵һðԶһѪɫǲ԰ֽ֮
ֻ̤ǰܽǴݿܣһ﾿˭ɲ⣬ѵǿߣ
λѣλǰԳɫ壬֪ߵˣæҪȡ
⡭λ͹٣Ϣŭ
һ࣬Щ¥ŮҲѱŵûݲҵϫƲŹЩƺĸˣæߺ顣
û취Գ¥ʧЩֻҲ֮ꡣ
ϫֹĮȻɨЩˣЩϣ߷һĨڽ֮⣬ˣǻῪ𣿡
ЩߵʱסϱòϫĻƿԡ
ǲݣȻţ빫һ档
ʱǶ¥ڣ߽һٻӰһŮӣѩƻ欣һһ͸һɷ𣬱ζ
һ߽ǽ壬Գе˸ǵڵأȾѪüһ
Ƚʦ㣡
Ƚʦãһţ޼ɣŹҵȣҪԳмȽ֣ǣڡ
һ̫ˣƺˣʵɶ񣡡Ҳ״
Գʦܣǿ⸱̬ģ
ԳеϵǣȽüһǰìͷָǣԼķŭĶ˴ˣ֪ͼǿ캰أ֪֪߳ܣҹʧǰ
Գеɫ䣬ѿ˼¡
Ƚʦ㣬ǰʵΪץǡԳæ͡
ȴȽִϣôоӲˣҲҷˣ
ôһȳ⣬Գе˽ԶȻٳɣһӣ뿪
ˣϫԴȻؿȽһۣҡҡͷʹ뿪

Ƚ͵һڳϫǰ
ϫüҪô
ȽһĿֱųϫ촽ͻȻϫ
ϫ΢΢һףŮ̽Լݣ²ɫϴˣû飬ÿ
ȽȴǺãǶųϫ˼ɳΪȴܴʦܺЩƺеῡţģİԷƺ֮ˣǳϫ˭
ϫüȴһĨ裬ȴ˵ǳϫֻѶɱ㡣
˵ţתҪ뿪
ȽȴδǸЦӯӯ˵ٲϣҿɾʹ󺰳˰


1034 ױ
ȽĿ͸һʤȯյζܼţǰһ϶ǳϫ¶ԷòΪսȴˡ
οƺɳǣֻҲҲڶܹɳ֮ˣԳе˵Ĵˡ
û뵽ôãҴһҪҪɾأ˵пһء
Ƚк˷ܣʵǶͲȤֻܳϫ֤ԼǿȻڶްϵѹ϶Էһͷ˾㹻ˡ
£ͻȻһɳǵıļ¸о̼ûë׶
Ƚ͵̧ͷͿһĮûһ˿¶ȣûаͨظĴţҪ궼ɡ
㡭Ҫʲô
ָоȽһ׹ߣѹޱȣĿвӿһĨŨŨľ䱸֮ɫԼȻû֣ɫǱò԰Ѫɫ
ϫûжԣջĿ⣬ת뿪
㡭
ȽҪȥһ뵽ղųϫǱĮȻ޸ӣ̲ס˸ʱֹǰ
ָооԼٸҶ˵һ֣ԷͻԥɱԼһԼҲ赲Ľ١
վ¥ݿڣһεӰʧòŻع̲סһ૵̫ˣǼһһɱ˲֪ˣ˵Ŀ⡭
ԥãȽջǷκζԳϫ뷨
ܹܵԷ뿪ǰһĿеĺ壬һ־棬һвӡ
ɶΪǿ𣿵ţһҪڶްѹһͷȽһŬƽеĲ޺ҧ˵

ҹĻ١
ϫһҿջʼǱĸ֮
Դľˮַ֮սҲǵõһֿǰɱ䣬ɹɴɱ
ȱսȴɾ֮УѺ˭Ķ֡
ϫ⣬Ķ̫ǿı춼д޽ɵΪҲκεĽԵ֮ġ
෴Ŷɽʵ֪еԼĲ㣬һͷԻȥΣС
һжɾͨԱ죬ЩɽŻɵĵжϡ
ԣ뾡øǿ
ǿ;кܶ࣬¶Գϫԣ죬ҲܼЧ;
һɣķ֮඼ǻܹķ֮ѳƵǷ֮ϣѿþȺݡ
ϫзĸִ壬ϤﵽԲزȫϣӳսԳ
ʱͿΪܹӳôֲˣϾɳΪվսķƵġ
ˣˣ
Уһһ͸׻ڳϫѭ׷γڡ쾰
壬֮֮Ϊ죬Ϊأؿϣ˶
ʱ򱻳ϫƿأһ򣬲һƵĴƴȴö
֪峿ʮ֡
ϫһڰ׶糤ӿڣϧʱ̫ˣҪַֻҪʱ䣬ջΪȫȽĸҳ֣㹺һúǳչһ
ҡҡͷϫųȥ
һҹִ˲һɣЧ΢ϫҲΣĴ̫ΣգҲѡջΪչ֮ء

ɸ
ϫ̤˽ȥĿһɨҲɰ̾
ɸ֮ڱж죬̵أƸֺвʧţһƬСͳǳһ㡣
Ȼɴ߿ٳĿռ䣬һûʴķ緶
һй̨Уһʹߴ䣬Ǵ磬ɸǿˮʮֻ𱬡
ӭɸʹҪûһӭǰʧڣϹְҵ΢Ц
ҪһЩɲġϫ
ʹԣǳǳһЦųϫȵȥ
ܿ죬һΪױĵط
ڹ̨פŲټʦطĿȴҪ࣬Ͼǽû˭һЩˡ
ӣǶһĵطеɲƷףѡӦļʦף졣߹˹ת뿪
ϫĿһɨͿÿʦĹ̨ǰһƣעɲġҩܡװȵ
ÿһУַƷףֵΪϸ֮Ӧģһļʦϰ֮ࡣ
Ҳܿɸ̺εۺˣЩʦѰܹӵеġ
עЩ
ģǼһܻ
ߣˣǿһĸңɾŭһ̶ҽֻɸŸɾȨӱԴྻͳͳ߲ܡСӣ϶Ҳѡˣ
ǣ˵׼˼Ҷûƺǣʲôã
ǿɲãƺǾɽСӼпѾˣ˵Ǹɱǰ˼Сӳ֡
죬ûˣ
ױڣһЩιʱһУģϫԶ׷ֹĿ˹
ϫģʱԶ¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
Ψǻ꣬һֱźۼشųϫɫƽϸȥʱȴܷ֣һĨ֮ɫӿ
Щ˻޿ײ밡
ϫһж˶УкԷʮа˾ڵԼŤͷ뿪룬˽ȥ
һ·ϣϫɫ̹ȻƽͨľګģҲûʲôûڱעšнɲġĹ̨ǰפ㣬˴һŹ̨ǰ
ˣɣЩҡҡͷ
ǻ΢΢һȴδԼĴӣһּصķʽڹ۲ϫ
ˣСԲǵĿ꣬˷עһ̲סʵ
㲻ôӺܹŹ𣿴ɸ󣬼ڴˣҲδ¶ʲôע֮ɫòͨΪǳȴȥǶһɲĵĹ̨ǰνɵأ˵ҪõĶ󡣡괫
Ŷһ˵СӵǵȷܹŹ֡һϸϸ˼һȻ̫ɵˡ
СĽ䱸ţҪ¶ʲôţЩɵ㣬ǳһˡԵüΪ侲ɷԸϾɸ󣬵뿪׺ȥҲ١
ԣԶźۼ˵ͷ
ӣȷҪ׼ɲģǿ̫ɱĹ֮ʱǹ̨󷽵һͷ׵̧۴˳ϫһۣ㵭ʵ


1035 о
ң˳ʦɸĴʦױеļʦд붼ͽͽ֮߿ɼһߡ
˵ȴӦĻ帣ģʦ׼ʱǰױîְ޶ҡ
һʮףܼˣǾ
£ƽ
κְҵܹĽУصΪһ֣Զֵýء
ϫҴʦһУȴܴӶԷϸܵһֳϴĥ£ܹϢҲɰ̾ɸĵ̹ȻѰɱȡ
һλߣԳΪˡ
ǰҪһɲģĿ
ϫóһƴСӨӨɫԵʯ˫ֵ˹ȥе
Ŷ
ʦû뵽ǰ˾Ȼһɲĵģ΢΢һĿǿʯʱһԳ͵һĨʡ
̽СĽӹϸϸʱƣԭȻˮɫҲһЩģһλڹĦһīһ㣬þԡ
ˣǸʦԶ¶һĨ֮ɫЩǰɸһɲĵıϡ٣ҲټʦԳȥһ
ϾɲƷף¡Сߡ׷ֱӦͨ顢⡢̫䡢̫ȼ
⼫ɲģ̫ĺɽ綼ںϡĴڣ󣬼˻ãǱƲѣҲԲó
Եʦ¶̬ʱЩʦŻ˺棬ΪҪǣҲû뵽ǸòͨľګΪǳˣȻóһʦҲݲѵɲ
һʱ֮䣬ױĿԶ׷ʦͳϫϣк棬оȣһ㡣
ˣƺЩ仯ϣһ
ٹ۲һ˵
üͬû뵽˾ȻóһɲģԤнɲĸҡ
Щˣ̲ģٹ۲һᡣ
ѵãʵѵãƷ˾ѵϷкܾöûʶˡ֮ʦпһ
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ԣЩʦԶһĿ¶һĨ𾪣ΪʦǿǺɲҲǷµģˮ鱦»¶鸡ľ䣬С׵㱦䡱˵
񱾾ѵޱȣֱʦ׿ڼƷѡֵ֣֮ԶԶɲġ
֣ǻҲһǶ̫ľѲ֮һΪɹǣ̻裬ֻܹ꣬һΣָܴ
ϫɫ糣Ϊ˴ǻ˵ĻɣóΪɸֻΪЩĸҶѣûҪ֡
˵ǰǱһʯиµһС飬ɱϾǿ䱦񹂵ɲ֮һĻ
Ҳֻˡ
ֵش󣬻빫Ʋǰ̡ʦͻȻϫ

ϳϫ⣬¾͸ʦױĲŴܿʧ
ˣǸô죿
ͻһĻ궼һЩ֪롣
ü˼ã⵹ǵȷ鷳ˣߣС뿪ɸչж
껥һۣԶ˵ͷ
ףⲻɾͳ죿
ʱױһǰһ߽ӰΪһϽۣͷ̵٣꣬ǻʱ΢΢һ㶣ʹЦ˹
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ǻҲ΢΢һȣû뵽Էϴƺɸ߲ϣӵɺڵΪҲƺɳеһλ׿
ͶԷϵһѣ˼ϴѣױĪΪ˳һЩʲô
ϴҡͷؿһۣҵĿ꣬ʵͳһ
ŶһտȻҲΪǸСһ
ϴͷָһ꣬˵ʱⲻĵӱھ¥дܣԷսףȴֻɳΪϸϸƺУûһɫԻɣСӾɾҪõͽϫ
ϴָŵ꣬һͷطߴƺɵӣΪƺߴǿ֮һԳС
ȻɨԳһۣɫô˵ϴѾĿˣ
Ǻǣͳ죬㲻Ҳ緢𣿡ϴЦЦȴһϺ꣬ʱ˻װʲô⡣
ղСӾǳϫˣ
ͷȴ̾Ϣҿû취жοСѾɸľˣҿҲԴв̽
˾ңϴüëһĪǷʲôʣ
ʼܼ򵥣Сӳһ񡣡

֣ϴҲһȻãŸпñֲãֲá
΢΢һЦϴһۣϴģСӳʱܴлһЩ񣬾ҸղŹ۲죬һǷпڴ⻬羵ǱиһС顣
ϴһһĨ֮ɫ㲻ɫЦˣǿɾٺòˡ
ЦЦ㹰ָǣת뿪
ʦɾô뿪ˣһԣԳеʵ
ϴɫǻָȻƽԣߵ뿪ɾҳϵһֻҪҧסĿ꣬Բſˡ
Գа࣬û뵽ʦԷһ
ߣҲ뿪һֻҺСӹУôߣô˵飿ϴҡҡͷתͳȥ
ʦѵôˣԳæ׷Դʵʵ
Ȼˣƺɳǿƺɵĵ̣ȻĿܱ꣬ȾָˣСжԸİ취
ϴȻһЦ󲽶ȥ
ˣԳȴǰһ̾µɸǻУĻôηηţ
ȻԳҲɸƣ㲼ɽ磬ؿɾ֮ˣƺɵĸ߲㣬Ŀڴ˵أȴֻʱܿڴ¡
ʱϫһŵķУںʹʦʦļֵ⣬Ȼ֪λԵɺ֮£оյӿ׷


1036 
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ʦһ㿪˵Ⱥ䱦Ѿʯȥûв´ӦòΪ˶һʯ
ϫͷ
ȻΪ˶һʯͻʣὫ֣ˣҲ÷ڡ
ҪһһЩɲġ˵ţϫϵֽʣˢˢˢдһЩɲĵ֣ݸʦ
龫ˮư񡭡
ʦһɨȥѩ׵˫üһʮָ߽ɲģɸеǲȱЩˡ
˵һѩüǽȻΪϫЩʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ϫȴЦЦȻΪļֵԶԶЩɲ֮ϣһ򵽵ģһȴǿ϶ԣҿļ۸ӦѾܵˡ
˵ţֽʣдϰɲ֣˹ȥЩҾüǮ㹫
ʵҲ飬ҧһǾмеĺ򲻵ǮĶ٣ȫԷܲܳˡ
ʦ̽ùڶֽ㣬ϱ߶ϰֵƷɲ֣ǲݺݳ鴤һ£ЩõСӣЩˡ
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˵ţҪջأȴʦæסˣˣȫ㡣
ϫЦӣһ֪˵ģ
ʦһۣߵСһɸҿļ۸罫ˣ
ϫ˹֣˵лǰȫ
ʦˣɫŻ࣬е˼ϵòֹһɣ
ȳϫشֵýֻͣϣٳȱʱǰɸ󣬼Ǯ
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Ϊ⣬ðƴСһ񣬾ͽƽɲĶһ߰˰ˣ˵һˡ
ȻҲ֤ļֵȷ̫ˣҲܶһһɲˣϾɸ󣬿϶
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䣬˾뿪ˣǰǰ󲻹֮䣬ҲҴңȥҲҴңԵΪ
ϫüͷһ壬ɿʦδֹҲֻԹۡ
˰ɣһ鱦Ҫٵඣϧʵǿϧʦҡҡͷ̾ϢС
ϫ̲סʵ˭ΪҪɲģĪΪ̫
ȻɸƹԨˡ
ʦԴȻؿ˳ϫһۣ㼴ȻҡͷɲֻǸ׼һЩƷϰˡ
Ʒ
ϫһ֮ԲԸ֣Ϊܹ̫Ϊ񹂵ľѲϡ
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ȻƷӦżɣϫüƷ֮ʱɻȣɿղԨǣһ˿ݵģ
˵ƷѰɴӲܿѰʱľֻҲˡ
Сһڽһغǰ;Ŀˡʦһ䣬վӣԵȣȥ˰׼Щɲġ
˵ţ뿪ңֻ˳ϫһˡ
Ʒ֮ô⵹Ȥ
ϫЦЦü˼ղױе顣
ûпǻӦһΪǿߣΪɳ֮ϣһֱڲźۼشԼͼı
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ɾ𣿿ԼĴƺлҪϾ࣬Ƚյĸַȫ֮󣬾Ѱᣬ뿪Ϊá
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Ҳ֪˶ãҵķű򿪣ֻȴˣһʦһȥɸƹԨ
λӣлֻҪ㿪ǮͳͳҪˡԨһţĿڳϫϣȭ˵
ƽȴѴһĨ
ӣǿԣɣεĿ˹غӵǰ;¹شˣҲ߶Źˡ
ʦҲһԿ˵
ֻҪӿϰæκͳͳӦԨҧ˵ΪɸƹȻе˵⻰
ϫһʲôӦ
Ԩˣ֪ϷæǵȻֻҪɸӵеı㹫ѡ
ϫϵǵȷһ񣬲
ǾͺãǾͺð
ȳϫ˵꣬Ԩɫϲǰסϫĸ첲һ߳һ˵ӣ߱˵ʱǿˡ
ϫһԷɫ˷ϲ֮ɫ쳣Ű˿ȴɾ費ѡ
Һãһ·ϲδϫı䶯ѰĴ£ܿһûʵĵС
ûʣֻλøһŷˮĥɵİ빣빺һꡣ
磬ΪֻɫȴЩľګڰǰУЩʧǵζ
ڴףһλͷɫԲñۣοµߣޱ۾һԲȴһ˵ǡ
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ףˣɴ𣿡
ǰŲһվ˵һǳѪ˿ü価ƣ̬֮
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ˣˣҾģٴ׼һѾһλˣҲץˡ
˵ţԨŤͷϫӣˡ
ϫ˵ͷȡһƴС񣬵ƹҪסӦҵ
ԨͷתֵݸѰųŵĿ߹ֵǰˡ
ǱƵƤһƣ¶һâӿĮȻٲɹɱϷûþġ
Ԩæͷףס
ʼɡ
ƻ˻֣±۾
һϮµѰһ¶ڰǰɫ£ǰʣӶǺʼϷܱʹա
ͣͣ
һɹӱʼӿкķƣǸɾƽ档
ˣϫҲ̲סǰϸϸ


1037 ڤ
һƬ
ΨѰڰ빺󷽣ֳԻľƶɵķʣպǲݡӡݡ̻ţѪȵȸɲƶɵī֭һƴСϹ׭̡
ƷɷԶڷ֮Գء
ѰĶ滺ˮճһķƣԳʵޱȵĻ
ԳϫĿ⿴ٵ覴á
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ȻԷɸƹ֮ӣڽһҪĿˣ׼һЩҲ˵ùȥ
˵ֻɳɳƷO@ĳʶ
ԨʦĿѰϣϢɫһĨڵĽ֮ɫԭһΨ־ŵѰˡ
λϣǱԨƵĿߣѰƷ֮±ޱ飬ڼ£ڳ˼
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ʱĶҪЩɣԼʲʺڷһϼȥ
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ࡢԽǣʶ׶ض
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ʶձתϣɽһһֱ谭ǰĹؿֱűʶˣӡࡱ֮λһİޱȵķƣ½ɷض֮λ
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λãƷһףǿҪʧܱ񣬾»һǻԣȻ
ʱԨʦҲһ˿仯΢΢һԶһһĨϣ֮ɫ
ޣ롣
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ֱ仯ϤԨʦУǽԶЩЩ⣬ȴοܺϲá
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ˣ
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һоƬ֮͹ڳš
Ѱ֪Լɹˣ
УŰһѷ츲ر仯ŴͣЩţԼȻˡڤɷ
ɹˣ
ԨʦҲ಻סоϲԼͬЦ
ʱҲվӣǰһУһĿвɷһĨ֮ɫ
ȷǡڤɷϵķƽṹƲ֣ȴϤģǱøΪغĦãſеİڡ
ⲻЩԾѰġڤɷ൱ǿߵȫһǰһֻ²ɺǿߵȫһ֮£
⡭ôܣ
ƶԷ֪գʱҲֻıһЩƽṹͽһɷƷӲһ磬ȽֶΣҲ˶ʱܹ쵽
һԣԨ̲סʵǰΣ
ƴӳ˼ѹ˿ɷֿ˿Ѱյͷܲͨˡ
лǰȫлǰȫ
õȷ𸴣Ѱûȭлѡ
ԨƹÿҲ汾졣
ƻ˻ֻ֣һ̣ȴǽĿ˳ϫʵλǣУǴһ˿ƽȶԴľ⡣


1038 ƹŷ
ϫ䣬ԨܣȴһΪʼգδʼϫ֡
ԨЩڨڨ
ϫȴЦЦΪȻ³㡡
û뿪֮ǰɲݡ
ԣǳ㡹ӡ
Ԩȳܵ㡹ӣλǰʥѧԺǿɽպķʥأǰʥѧԺһλϰ¼ѧ֮¡
ʥѧԺ
ϫǵһ˵ѧԺ֣ǿԨԴƵֹ̬ȣͺһѧԺ϶ѰСˡ
ԭǳ㡹ӣȻͬ졣ƵͷдһĨε֮⡣
Ԩһͬ죿ʲô˼
㡹ӵȷѰܹ֮Ƴڤɷȫݹָ㣬Ѱһݣ
ʱѰͻȻӰǰһϫǰֱڵأ̬¡
Ѱ˴ԨʦԶǴһЩԡ
ϫֽ̧ѰԴ٩Ц̸ʲôָ㣬ֻǲĿһ񱻻ȥѡ
Ѱһ죬ЩȻ̬ȴɹޱȡ
ŵȺҵר
ڷϵ裬ȻԼҪǿ̫࣬Ѱ
ˣϫɰͷѰԲǫѷϣҲԼָһ
ԭղȮӾ˳㡹ʱԨҲ׹һУǾǲš
ʦǾһѩüëҲղšѰܹƷɹǳ㡹ָ㣿
ϫ΢΢һЦȴǲ͡
ԨʦһۣԶܿԷ֮ɫЩԽܣҪ֪֮£漰ΪӴҾ΢İѰ˵ȱ˵ָ㣬ǿס
ѰȻڳ㡵ָ£˳һɷƳɹĿѰܹģ
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ֻɳΪѵԷƿأѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫Ĵʦ
ߣʲôŵģ޳Сָ㣬ƳɷΪʦ
ЩԨʦ̬ȣһ
ԣԨɫʱЩÿɰڶԷȴǲҶԣΨֶԷ䶯ȡԼҶӵĿͨʸ
ףǰԼǣǳ㡹ǱذܡһԣѰԼɫѿ̲סȰο䡣
ԨҡͷЦǰΪѾӦֻҪ㡹κͳͳӦԴĴ
ѰΪȻӦõġ
˵ţ˵ĿѶǿ˳ϫ˵ԷΪǳòͨͨղһĻĻ˸ٰѶԷѰ֮ĿһĨ֮ɫ
ǶȷţտΪǳҲעΪɽ߳ƵĴ
ϫҲûԼȲҪʯҲҪǺܼԨԼ뿪ޡ
֪һֹԨҲ΢΢һЩš
˵ж̣̫ˣ鲼ɽķ֮һɸԣһ뿪ĳޣͲѴ֮
Ԩֻƺɸһƹ񣬿С¶ԣҲɾܰ쵽
Ǻܿ죬Ԩʶʲôһ´˳ϫһۣ̽㡹ӣòɾЩͨǸϫɣ
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˵꣬ĿԨҪηӦ
˵ڶģԨΪɸ֮ˣ˶ΪԼοԼǰһæҶóһԷ𱨣ɸɿɾ̫ʧˡ
ȻԨֻǳ˼Ƭ̣ҡͷЦֲ̾ãóָҶƷ֮һΪƺֳһλ˲õˣԭǳϫ㡣
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ԭϫֻǲ֪ΪλɾѰһԺʵ
Ҹշɽ磬ͱɾ֮ץߣΪһū£ֻɱˡ
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ԨԣŻȻ
ϫһʵԨƹ֪ɾΪҪ
ԨҡͷҾͲˣɾгǸ纣ǰ˵ֻûܲ³ˡ
˵⣬üͷһ壬ϫӾɾͨҪ뿪ޣͱЩˡ
ϫȻ֪ܼ֣Ҳ
ףΣҲҪϫӣûָ㣬ֻ·ǵͨǰĿˣΪƷʧܣӰһӵĵ;ֹڴˡһԣѰһϣԨ
ҲҼ㰲ųϫӺɸ̶һ뿪ޣֻҲӲɾѲ׷ˣĻδ̫ΣգڳϫӵȫΪ
Ԩ̾ϢһĿϫϫӷģһȫ֮ߣ㰲ȫͳޣ
ԣϫδ¶κ˷ܣ鷴ЩأԨΪƺɸƹ˵¼Ϊ֣ɼɾкεȵĿˡ
ǾͶлƹˡϫ֣˵
ϫǧô˵ûܼʱ㣬ѾΪˡԨæֵǸȻ
ϫܽƹŷ̺ķƽṹͼ޸ҵǿԱ֤ܹ㰲Ȼ뿪ޡ
ڴʱһֱĬԵͻȻڵ˵ʱСóһΣͨڵƷһսĴƬһ㣬òۡ
ϫüͷһû뵽ƻһ
λĪҪᣬʵҸԸҲǼΪϫСѵģϧҵҲޣϫܽͼɣҴͻʥѧԺԽѧԺϫ뿪
Ľһ
ŻȻƵģʵҲƺͳϫ׷ǹʣĿðŵһɾΣȥ
ȷϫ


1039 ڤŶ
ϫһ԰ɡ
ͨһȱŷķƽṹͼʥѧԺ֮˳֣Լ뿪ޣȻٺò
Ƶͽǿƹŷݸ˳ϫʥѧԺһѧżһħսķʱãӦò֮ãϧҺλϰһо꣬Ҳδܽɡ
˵ǴһĨź
ԣԨʦԶһǿɶǺλ޵ʥѧԺɽպķʥء
ۼʹ֮ҲǽֻĴеߴѧˣɽǧŰУҲһһʥء
ÿһλϰڷϵ裬ԶѴﵽ˴ʦ֮
ȻҲ⣬˵Ϊֻɺھ磬ɵƾʦݣ޽Ҳҵ
ԵϰȻҲǷʦɾһȺˣȻһƹŷס֮ã֪ⱦкεȾˡ
Ȼƹŷپˣ޷޸ҲǷƷһֵͲôúˡ
һУϫ˽⣬ֻǽǹŷӹУͿʼϸϸо
ŷͨ役ڣԼĪӤƴСΪۣȴǳģбһ˿ϲɣϢ
棬ܹһķƹ켣õȥӲ͸һϳζ
ϧǣǷĽṹͼǲȱһ鱻߰˿ĴƬϺѱǺεȷ
ϫãͬûпκζߡ
ȴˣԴڷһǶ֮ѾпķƫƫȱŷϵķƽṹȴǼδβ棿
˵ǸѰǸգǳϫԿԳƵǷ񣬶Էרעִӡڹ
ʱһȱŷȻϲ
ҵҪⶫоʲô˻ɬˡϫа˼⡣
ǲƹŷ̽һȴһԵƿ˵
ղãˮ͸ҲҲ˿Щҵþ˰취ҲͽȻ޹
ἰȱŷޱĿϣԶһڳĸɫʡ
ϫŶһʱ뷨óһۣѰİ취ԴҲãֻͱ˲ĻõԼ֡
ˣСѿɿһЩߣʦһ̲סʵ
ϫҡͷʱûз֡
ԣԨʦЩ̲ס¶һĨʧȻһЦ
ҲǣԷڷϻž˵츳ɱϾ̫ᣬԼЩѶ޷͸ıԷĿڶ̶յʱͿƳ
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ЩɺֵСѾȥ޸Ҳ¡
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ⲿͨųܹظﱾʣͨжǰʮ˸Ž
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ףһжҪܹȱŷɹϾʵԶȿ̸˵
֮һںڵĹߣǿȱŷϤ֣ܿ죬һЩĻ渡ڳϫԺС
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ݱķģ޾ǰϵһ켣ϫȴһʶĸо
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ȻУ֮ڣˡĺۼǣγֺͷţΪǣ֮š
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ֺ֮ͷŵۣʹĵӴ棬һУĪѭšĺۼ
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ǧΪձ飬ȴ繫ϵΪɬѵһ֪ſڴƻƣԹʹ֤óĽۡ
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һӣĵĿ⣬ʱòһˣƿһӡšס֮ĵۣؼƮݱ䡣
ԭЩħ֮ĵԴͷγħ֮ĵĳΣͬҲħ֮ʱ򵽵ԭʼĵ֮ۼ
֪ı仯ϫ۾ԽԽһĨǻ۵Ĺ˸
ˣ
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ϫֻһʱһص˹һʱ֮Щ㱲ѣղһУᴩ˹ϵħ£ֶصľľҲǾþ޷ƽ
ڤŶ벻ȱŷоǷһħĴйӵֻۣ֮ҲԽó
֮󣬳ϫǻָԺǶһ϶ɬĹУӡ޷Ĩȥ
УǿƹŷǴαµ̬ȥڵ¶Ө͸ıʣԲϾ


1040 
ϫûżȥصġڤŶǴȱŷ
ԲϾӨѩʵأһƳֽɫķܷڱ棬һĺ嫹Ϣ
ȱŷǺ֮ǰ
һǲȱģһģȻһ
ϫһ㷢еİϸ˵Ӧһϵ׷Сɽӡ
ϵ󷨣ڷӡȴȷӡΪɬΣЩȱķʵ޲ȱһαװΪıǱͷӡصƷ
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ǳϫҲڽ֮۵İ£Žҿϵɴŵ䱾Ŀ
˹ŷȴֻΪ˷ӡһΪڤŶĴйɴҲƲ⣬ⲿȻѰɱˡ
ȱŷ˵ָֻ轻ƣֳŵͿڤŶкεˡ
ϫһ˼⣬ͽŷ𣬿ʼĲӡԺеһع
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׷ڴΪãΪߣ壬һ֮ڡ
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⡰ڤŶһھŶ֮ĺ幦Ըһλӻеħ֣֮䴫֮ϣֱ޷
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ڴʱһ

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ҲӦ֪֮ʥѧԺ¼ѧʱڱ㽫ֹٲȥЩڸյѧɾͽʧȥѧԺʸҿǳе𡣡
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Ԩϲǿɾٺòˡ
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ҲܿһԸӶԴϫȷǳĳ⣬Ҳ̬ŵ֮͡
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ԨѰЩţΪϫƤںǿЦ
Ȼǣֻǰղò뿪ϫʱҲ̫ˣʱһЩԳϫӶԷ裬϶Գɹġ
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ϫһЦʼ磬һͽǿѱûȻһµĹŷ˹ȥǰ뿴
Ԩһ
Ѱһ
һرһĨâǻԲ覣Өѩһɺ嫹ϢĹŷϡ
⡭Ȼģ
ԪЩЩţҲ˲ʲôȣһǰӳϫץǿŷǰϸϸ


1041 ְ
ǲȱŷģǳ״䣬ΪһʦһϳӨѩԲµĹŷԼһõĹŷ
ӹŷܲķоܿߡ
ǷǺӰķƣٲȱϲֵĽϢ
Ϣħ㣬ƵһӾͱС
ɫľϲһȻϤ֮ɫ֮󷽲³һ૵Ȼϵħܱ֮ϤҶԷ֪һ׶Ρ
˵Ǳܲѡ
ԨѰһֱڹעƵ̬仯Է˵˻ʱףϫȻǿȱŷ޸ˣ
һ뵽⣬֮ǰȰϫĳЩΣȷ̫ϣ˭뵽ʥѧԺʦκβõһŷᱻɳһ˸޸ɹˣ
ǾͽԸ
ŷ޸ɹҲζųϫܹƾ˻ʥѧԺİˣͬҲǰǽһ⡣
ǰǳɹˣԨʵ
ƵͷһųϫԼͣϫСѹȻѰˣŷΪ֤ڳϫСѵʥѧԺزӲԵȣȥϵѧԺеĸ֣
˵ţת뿪ɫܣһģ
ڴˣϫҲǰһԷûǹŷİԲδ֣ǹŷĶǱԼá
ԭϫҲǹҪؼǡڤŶĴУһָӡ޷ڳңҲδ͸Ҳ޷˴ٴڸԷ
ˣ͵ǷԷһ飬лٻȥˡϫһ
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ѰǸڷˣڼʶ˳ϫ֮ٲȻѰѶԷ˷ˣܹͶԷһͬУԵȷǷ
ԼҶӸ˳ӣԨҲЦһοܺϫΪѣȻǸõġ
ΪһˣȻϫǱڼֵжô
˵ϫ񴦾Ϊգշɽ磬նɱɼǿߣڷʥѧԺĽϰ磬ѵõǣᡣ
ˣֻҪɳĿռ䣬δŹʣΪɽоصĴ
ϫ˽ԨѰӵ飬ֻǼڿ뿪ʱҲΪ֮һоԼʱתǰЩǰ㵹ùˡ
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ԳбȭмʦһУʵΪ˸Լڶ
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Գɫ䣬ѵĭ
ϴҲɫ粻ʶʲô͵ؽеߣ
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1042 һ֮
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Уٴζʬ塣
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һֻŸСУȴͻȻͣɫЩȻΪһμΪ˼ĶԻ
֣ȻҶԷˣʲôڰⶼȥˣǼһûǷУܶ
Ҳһֱҵ֮ˣ۵ͬˣɱ˺ܼ򵥣Ҫɱˣһѧ
˺ˣҾ㣬㵽ҪҪæˣɵվţҿɲȥˣѵû˵𣬽ʱǼһѾˣ
ȷЩˡˣȻԸǣǾͲҲգ
֣ھˣ죬ɸţ翴˳ˡ
Ը
⣬ͣ˽ŲҲų׹ԭԷݷɾ˵ģҲģʱҪɾĴţ

ѵһһŮ
ӶΪԼˣŤͷǳ֪ߵغһ٣תͷҰͱһ⣬ҲһС
һ
ӵƽԾһֽ˺ƺڰ£˫Ŀһ޷ݵȻƣƺƵᾡʣǬ֮䣬ƽʣһ
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һ䣬ǧɸߣؽƵĸţһƿȻ񱩵ɢǧ﷽Բĵ桢ϵݿ塢顢촷ۡ
ӻعʱͷɢɫˢף飬ÿһ缡һѪۣģޱȡ
еȴԼĴֻǿ¹ʤѩˣȻһɾĴţ
⡭ôܣ
ʧǡ
˭
󵨣ôɾ
ηͽֱ֪
ɾ궯һŭȴ˷ͬʱһɲϢٿȻֱ񷡣
һΪնȻɾ㲻Ըңľ಻ԸڴͣƬ̣֮ڣ㲻ǰδľǰǰ֣԰ٱ
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䣬ԭ궯ɾһһĳ֮С
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ľһ壡
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ľ٣ɽ֮һ
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ľһ壬Ȼľڵ壬ܹĴ֮һδУ֮һľٵѰɱȣ
УǾȻͨϫӣٲ֣ľʺû꣡
һƬУһдһޱȷŭҲ쳹ԭŵš
ΪԷУͬһľ֡
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⡭Ƿ˺°
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Ҫһͣڣ
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Ϊɾ


1043 ɾŭ
ɾ
˵ȡյգء֮⡣
һۣɾޱ飬һԲΨһ֮䣬ܣĻꡣ
еպѹ֣һš
ɾһڻͬλĴ޽ǿߣҲѵ룬һɫȴЩ㷲
ղŷһĻĻʵڹںţɽΪ֮һľ٣Ȼһնɾţ
ǵˣľٸһ仰Ҫɾ֮ǰδޣԵ
޽ɸ˵˾ԻΪԷԲˣѰ·
⻰ľ˵ģͲòˡ
ɽ֮һĴ֮һδޣ䱳ضɲĴľΪ̡
ı˵Ļ˭ӣ
ɾҲӣľ뿪ʱûгȥסԷҲӲ˵ľҲĴɵġ
¶ԷֻǴ޽ɣϵҫ۹⻷ӵʥΪɾðȻ֡
Щԭɾ¸߲ﶼټΪıǸʲô鴥ŭľ٣ڷ顣
һλƿһ֮صҪһЩϢʱʵ̫ˣûãһͷ󺹳˴ͨһڵأսսе鱨ȥ
Ϣܼ򵥣ϸ¼зһУÿߵ֣УȻгϫľʵ֡
ľʡʱɾʱһУһɲǣɫǱñ֮γˮ
һʥ˶ŭɼϢɾĳкε֮ˡ
еձƣһ㣬ֱ

ǺܲҷԸȥ飬ȻףͺץˣǺô簡
ɾڣһһ䣬мһ㣬һѰشͷǸɫ䣬亹ʪ
ǹڵصĻǻһ̱ڵϣɫɷףƲסɪɪһʥɵŭ֮µѹֵܹģ
Һãһɾŭƣʱŭãһİ취
֮˵ͻһȺϹδɱڷӵ
˭ģɾڣɫǱĮȻޱȣޱ顣
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ɾԸһ䣬һָ侲չֳһ߱ɱֶΡ
ԣнԶһ̾ͳֻҪ䵱Ϊˡ
ˣǸϫô죿
ʱ̲סʵľǰΪѳϫͻᱻԴ
ڴˣɾ̬ȴǼΪɴץҲӳޣ
˽ԶһһͷˮΪ£ɾΪλҪִˡ
ľȷɲû֮ĶˡɾҲ֪ʲôɫǴһĨ֮ɫ
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Ǳͨĳϫ־ʲôݣһȻĳޣ
Խ룬ԽǳԾŷ֣ԭǸͨķϣҲʲôܡ
ˣձǰĴһˣǰݷһλˣӦܺܺýľ⣬ץϫ֮£ͽˡ
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ڳ֮УΨЩԥջûס˵ˣ¸յõϢϫпܺɸʥѧԺһ𡭡
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һ£ҲЩ޴ĸоɸʥѧԺһɾܱȣǳϫȻһҲѹɾ˾ŭˡ
Ӽѵĭſڣ˽⵽һкг
Ǹ鷳С
ɾһУҧпһ䡣
ҲΪȻ˭뵽һշɽˣȻ̶̲µʱУֳôķ粨
̬ûصĳ̶ȣԨֻƺɸƹˣܴɸ̬ȣοʼգҲ֤֤ǳϫеĹ
ɾһ˵ʥѧԺĽϰƣҰСӣֻҪڶڣɲ
ǡ¸ӵʵ
ĲǳϫǸһ࣬ͽסСץȻ뿪ˡ
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ಣ
ߵĲ£һͭѹˣٳԶȥ
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οǴ˴ǰĿĵأ黪ɳǣѱر
ԭܼ򵥣ƺɳʱϫѴ̽޾ڣֻɳӵк޵Ĵ͹
һޣɾϳ
һ黪ˣΪץϫ˵Ϊ˷ֹϫӳޣɾԲŹȹؼطˡ
֮Գϫԣ黪ɳǣԿ̶Ѩɱݡ
ȴòȥ
ΪҪ뿪ͱ黪еĴ͹ΪǰڣǴ޽ɣȻ޷ɴ֮䡣
ΨһϫİǣƵ˵ǵִ黪ɳ֮ǰʥѧԺĸ־ͻǰǻϡ
İԱ֤ܹȻ뿪ޡ
ȻֻƵı֤
ϫɲҰһϣϱߣĿǰΨʵ;Żİ
֪һȥͭʻһƬߵƽԭϣֵĺɫã谵
йŷͻȻ̧ͷӻһӨ飬ЦʥѧԺİˡ
˵ʱվӣͭͣ
ԣϫѰҲһҲǷ׷˱⡣
ಣ
һǹԣٿȻƲ񷣬ӼԶӳ˵ҰС
ϫһĨɷɶɱͷųʱһ߷һĨȻ֮ɫ


1044 
ݹһ¶һ޳ٻӰ
׳䣬üĺɫǦʿ㣬ĸ߸Ь΢ĽɫԺ¶һűա
촽Ө󣬱ǣ͸һɾĶǵȻ̵ͦıϣһڿ۾ɢһ֪ԡ߹󡢽Ůǿ
⸱磬ؼһġ
ˣȻ
ϫû뵽Ȼڴ˿Էط꣬û뵽ԷƿʥѧԺİ֡
⡭ɰ
ϫһʱипѡ
ʵֹǳϫе⣬ƿ֮Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ŲС㣬ôˣ
ɨһۣͿϫ촽߷һĨȣȻΪඡ

ԵĳϫЩ⡣
ϫȴµʲôǰ˵û뵽ּˡ
ȻΪ֡
ǳμʱϫӡ̵һǡ
΢΢㼴ֺͳϫסһϢ̫
˵֣ƶʱɴ۾񿴼һĻ÷ĿֲƵġ
һԵѰѴסһΪʵ̫ƯһŮĴҲʵ̫߱Ӿеһҡҷ㱲ѣ֮ǣǻ̫Ҷ࿴
ΪһҲû뵽ϫƺλµŮʶҿ黹ܲ
ԭСͳϫСʶֲãֲð
ʱǷӦпһϫĿǲͬоԷز¶
ѰҲΪȻ
ڴˣδֻͣʳϫôᱻɾͨˣ
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һǳϫĿǰ޷ȥġ
ԣֻ뿪ޣǰѧԺѰɽĻᣬΨˣԼĴðȫ
ˣ
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ܵĺܼ򵥣ɴ˻ѰУȴ͵ʧеãǲʮǰɰĵڰʮǰ޽֮󣬾ս֮һı̻٣ǽЩɽĿĵǿ֮һ
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Ѱеɰ񣬿ɲưܹǰһģ޲ɽǿߡ
þȻʮǰһɰڰʮӵе츳Ϊ֪жֲˡ
ǰһ޽֮ǰս֮һıԨͬѰܹ
һУϫɰ̵֪
ֻڶ޵һʮλɽӵǧŰޣܰǰһʸûУǰһˡ
Ѱʧ̾ͳϫĲĿ⣬δĮȻ࣬һزĺƳ˱ϵĵؼκһжѽС
õļ룬ƶԴųϫ뿪ıûٳɣƵͭ黪ɳʻȥ
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ϫǰ㣬黪ɳǣƽһƬܲɾĻǴ͹Χһ޽
֪ǰ֧Ԯƾһ˵Ļ´ʥѧԺƣԲ롣

·ϣӽ̸гϫ˽⵽ԭλ޵ʥѧԺޡšĸϼʼ涫̫桢Ԩ䱡衢ӵ¡
ʱʥѧԺһֱαޡšĴϼƿأҲΪʥѧԺϢͻȻǰԭ
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룬ȻˣǺϫɽĴˣȻô˵Ȼżİա
һУʲôƻʵ
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ҵ֪һȥ
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һ
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վסóɾҪͨһͽλϣ
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ҲЩϫԸһͼ⼶󣬻һƬǻԣϫѰУವһǳǰȥ
󵨣

֣£
һڻһ㼴ŭɱϣҪ¡
ৣ
ڴʱһڵĵէ֣ɾ粻Ⱦ䳾͸覣һš
ۡ
һһſѪͷ­Щͷڹԣڿ׷ɱѵĲѪˮӿ龰ޱȡ
һУΪһĨ̫죬̫̫顭
黪ɳǣѾɾѿأֲžأߵĶĿ죬Ҳ죬ɻ˵ע⡣
ûã黪ɳиһ㣬˷һŭ֮
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ǰ͹ˣ
죡Ϲȥ֪ͨˣ
һʱ֮䣬ϵɳϿգǽŵճ׵ȼ


1045 ʥɳ
ಣಣಣ
黪ɳϿգһʢĶݹƿն𣬴˷Ϸ۶ȥ
ԶԶһǧ֮ڣ飬ȳ棬оȻд붼ɼĴڣƽ֯һضʧɫ
УǴ͹ڣѱɾرų𣬴͹ܣûߣȫɾĻѳ֡
ոͿԿʱݹڴ黪ٳϷȥ
һݹͷԣ⼶
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һڹӵĳ£һжֽն顢áƣңһƬһƬɺѪꡣ
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ϫȴߵݣ⼶ŷУǰд޽ÿʱʱܿնͷ­ʬ壬ѪҺ
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·
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ϫаԾ
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ϴĵͺȣϫŷ֣Ѿִﴫ͹ˡ
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пһɿİɣɲôģǱԨɱ֪ٴˡ
䣬͹
ˣ
һһ̣ϫֻǰһ类һƽʱзٴҲһС
Ҳ֪˶ãϫҰܿһʱͷԼѾһƬȫİĵط
֯һ¥۴αȰ˷һƬˮĽͷ
ޣʥɳǣ
ϣظϫһס


1046 
ת˲֮ǰһƬյأɱ
ת˲֮ǰ㷱ˮˮֽͷ
ּķϫҲһĨ㱣ͻȻЦожһֱѹŵʯһɡ
ⷬ飬øһЩ˶ֵؿ˹һ׳յģ
ΨԼףԴɽ֮һ̵ĳϫɵģڵǱ׷ɱҲͨƵģʱ̽񾭡
ЩţŸոշɽ粻һ£ΪҲֻɳǻĳϫڵ˻Żմмֵڵġ
߰ɣȥҵĸۡúЪϢһڵдһ˿ػ
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һǿΪҲеһƣЪϢһȻٺòˡ
ƼˣʶȤشѰ뿪ǰϫпգǰʥѧԺһ𣬹ͬд轻һϵļʶ
ȳ룬ϫȻЦӦ
ͷ
ϫ磬Ҹҽģ¡
ͬǰѰһԼĪƴСˮ͸ƣ˳ϫ
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֮ݡλ֮ɸϵĹ޷д
ɴ˿ɼԨԳϫˣΪ˸Ӻͳϫ֮һԵķ˲ٵѪ

ޣۼģͽҪȶ޸ΪͺƴӵеʥɾǿߵĿϾܿһ˿ߡ
ڶޣҲΨɾһʥɾĴڡ
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ϫӳ˯ӵִͥԺ͵ͷ˯ȥʱֻ̩ɣҲΪ֮һ
ִǡ͵øС
ޣȫӦò⣬Ϳʼһ֮ڽѧԺˣ
ϫһʼ˼Ժĵ;
ˡ
Ƭ̺һ𣬡ϫӿڣǰݷá
ǰ
ϫ˼ѹȻŴ򿪣ȻͿһ£Ц⡣
󣬻һݾ㣬ʶׯŮе˫ˮ裬еŸһࡣ
ϫӣĪҪٽǰƺҿɳܲ𰡡
ˬһЦǰ忡ˣв¶һĨп֮ɫŹȥ꣬ԷѾִɽ磬ɾ֮λȻǵٴ֮۵ɽˣ츳ɽǧŰ֮УҲһһľޡ
ǺãҲˣҲҹӣֱӻ־С
ϫЦЦڷʱæط꣬ҲΪˡ
ã㡣
˴ӦɶԳϫ̬ȷʵ𾴣ԱߵЩŮһв첻ѣŮһɶΪĻῴǸϫӲֻɳΪѡ
ܼҾһ𾴣ҲɲǲȣҪ֪ЩưŵˣܼҲеġ
˭
ѵĴеĹã
ЩŮǽԶ
ע⵽һĻȴֻͣǵԸŸʲôϫϴ磬ǵ˲μӴСٰʱ䣬ǿɵ𡣡
Ůһݣæ룬аϫģаϫͷģаģݺݺ࣬ܵޱȡ
ϫгԲܹķ̣ҪܾȴһЦǹϷ뿪ˡ
һ£ϫܾĻᶼûˣʱӲֶ֪ˡ
ˣЩŮһЦݸѡ

ϫӷ߳ʱ۾һ
ɫ£ںŨܵĳԺ¶һ忡ӣ˫տȻ䣬ǳǾͦˣʣһԨsŵķ緶
ͷѡ
壬װΪ˺£ϫʵ
ȻǲμӴСٰ硣
Ц߰ɣвʥɳеſ¼ǰСصطԸҴȥμӡ
ϫüɲϲֳϡ
вɰǿߵִСҲʶʶܹûʲôġƿ˳ϫ˼һ
ϫһ㼴˵ͷǾ߰ɡ
ҹĻ¸ҵеƻͨЦһƬ
ϫĴµִʱǱƼַǷ
ϫȫͬԵúɣһŵİŰɫϱ߳ŸɫɹԼֿɿڵĲ͵㡣
߮ڴУһģҸƷڴһԣһЩݣѣ˲ٺȲ
һԭ᷽ʽǴСϲʽ֮һʥɳЩϲ
һЦŽһ䡣
ϫڲͬĴ񣬵ҲȻˡ
ʱϫǱǰһĻһһŮ˵ļ쳹ȫֱҪƷһ㡣
Щɽˣ¶
ϫԸпһ
ʱĴУվ˱ͣпŮλ󣬴˿ȴһ鼤еĸȲʣŮΣ鴤˻š
ϫҲɽĿȥҲɧԴ
룬һټ̨˿̨ϣڽһԾ˫һͷŨü۵꣬ԡ
һһۣŨܾɵľ޺ֳһͭìһԲͭܣģԶڳΪ졣
ռϷ磬赭д֮䣬㽫ԷĹϤ⣬Ǿ޺ɫŭѣһЩϡŹֵĻ
Щ͵ĺȲΪ


1047 ߽֮
ڳϫԣһԾ̸жྫʣЩġ
ΨһעĿıǽ۵ľ޺ˣƲԷӦһǿߡ
Ҳ൱ˮ׼Ĵڡ
˼磬һλǿȻ߳ƣ̸ɫ䣬˶繷ߵ֮У治ġ
Ȼ̨ϵ꣬ҲΪĿճϫƲ⣬ԷΪȻɾУ֮鶼ʤһ
ǿŵݣηʣҲѹڳЩŮ˷һӢ˫ȫˣȷŮżɱ
һץʥ飬ʲôԲʿʥеĵλĸߣһֱҪ֮УǿЦ
һԣЦԼĲм֮ɫ˵һԲʿʥʿʥʹˣɽеĴ߶ԣҲֻǸСˣͽЦϡ
ϫֹ֪ԣȫģ޴ҰҲֲ֡
ʱ̨ͻʣʥľ޺͵ŭһ߬סͭìһгȥ
ˣ
ͭì⣬ƥ͸һʯٵĺȻǣڳһЩŮ˽סʧ
ġ
ҡҡͷ̾һָһ㣬۷ػжԷì⡣
ֻһ죬ͭì飬ǽ۾޺ش͵صɳ̨Ѫͨһ׹档
ŻҪվӣͱһЩ֪סӴֱߡ
վӣһ֣ȻЦѡ
ˣܵŮַһļУһκ죬Ŀ͸Żȳ֮ɫ
ǼһﵹҲ˵Ĳ̨ԾͦĵģҲ֪ЩŮ˸˸ʲô
ϫüЩϲӵĻһǿߣȥ۸һſɵǿߣǼֱСϷƵģ̫ġ
ЩŮʥɳеĸᣬݺ֮ɴȴǽүͽС㣬ûоɱ֮£ȻоֶԾܴ̼
һЦŽһ
ϫŻȻ
ĪҪС׷Ŀ̨ϵ꣬΢䣬Цݲ䣬λſһ֧ĿˣĴ֮һޣڵһλ൱ʦ˵ӵ˷ʦ裬пܽʦǰ;
Դ֮䣬в֮⣬ȴͶһ⡣
ϫһ˼ʱ׹˼Ȼ֧Ȼڲеһ
κһ塢ҡ֧׳вϵĵλϵ֧ϵ׷ζɾЩͬѰˡ
뵽⣬ϫ̲סԶȥһУǳǳ΢Ц̬Ӻݣֻϸ۲Ļܷ֣Ƴ׷УȴһƬĮ
ϫһпһаЦ֪ˣҪٰһᡣ
ʱ̨ϵ׷ͻȻ˫һеļʱԶһЩҲ̲סĿ˹
ˣ׷߲ɷһĨ˵΢Цɤӣλѣ´˴βԶӱ޶ĽޡšĴҵ˴ܹҲμС磬ǲʤҡ
˵⣬˶٣ĿһɨܣϣЦһ֣żΪԱ⣬ڣһһдΣ
д裿
һһڱͽԶ¶Ȥ֮ɫ̲סʵ⹫ӣθд跨
ԣ׷ˬЦܼ򵥣ڳλͬͬķʡī⡢ɲһٶȺƷϳԽң׷ʰ·磬һƷ
˵ţһѶһˮĵɫɽزñ󤣬һɾ˵ı֮һű
ɽˣλãȷһѵһɱ
ڳ˲һЩ֮һ۾ϳȷһѵõƷһʱҲɾ̾
һҲģȴ˵˹ûʣǸαļһϫȴҡͷѡ
Ȼһ׷ǽĿԶһĨЦݣ֪СΣ
˻һڳҲǷӦ׷˾٣Ҫڷ֮ϴް
һʱ֮䣬˽Զ˷ܲѣ׷׽Ŀ˾ٰŮˣĿڴ֮⡣
Ǵ඼ʥɳеĲͬʱڱĸſȻҪڷһ£ȻͲÿһˡ
ĬƬ̺ǲһĨ΢ЦȻ⹫˸ߣǾдһҲá
䣬ϵ߳׷Ҫ׷һ¡
ЦЦʾ԰꣬ŽĿ׷롣
С㲻ĽӰˣҲ۷Ϊƾȷ緶ĳͲѡ
׷ˬʴЦһ̨롣
ʱ˽һŰ빷ǰ⻹ķԸ׼˷ʡī͸ɲġ
ȻǺҵλͬд裬ԲһЩ̫Ѱķɽ˹ϵġ߽һǺ衯ɡ
˵ţ׷΢΢һЦ˰ǰ
һɲǼѣǿŵݾͱƽרעֻ̽һհʣûκԥ㿪ʼպīӺӯһɣɡ
ٶȿƻʵ쵽˼£һƵӻӰľ˿ۻңĿԡ
ڳŮǼ龰඼ЩŮ˻ļõ죬ģ֮ˣǿڸ
òϣʦƷʱȷʵһ˶ԣʦȺ屾ʹŵλͲƸ硣
ΪƿܡޡԶ벻ʦӰӣĶ¯׭̵󷨣ܵĿƻصȵȣԶԷʦֱʡ
˵ʦǸְҵһȺˣְҵעǵĵλԶܹȡ
ϫüоģд贿˷ʱ䣬Ʒɲҫһµġ
ԱߣԲע̨׷ĶһüëЩء
ˣϫ̲סʵ壬ǡǺ衯ʲôϫ̲סʵͷһ˵߽һ֡
Ƿһ˵зߵͨʯÿһʯ϶׭һͼ߽֮
ȻϫŸյִɽ磬Դ˲˽⣬㿪ڽ͵⡮Ǻ衯߽֮ĵһͼֻܹƳ˷ϵķʦ


1048 д迪ʼ

߽֮
˷ʦ׼
ϫȷǵһ˵˵һʱЩ棬ٴѯʱ͵رһȲ֮Ľ̸û
ʮϢ
죬˶ʱƳһ顮Ǻ衯λ⹫ӵķȻʦ֮ˡ
ҿ⹫ӵķɱѰķʦҪһЩʮϢʱ䣬Ѱʦĸܰ쵽
ΪѵõǣƵġǺ衯߱ʮǺ֮ɱѰʦҪ̫ˡ
ֻ̨ϣ׷ǳ΢Цˣԡ
Ϊڳʹ˷ĺȲ̾Ƕĳɼ֤
ϫ̧ȥֻյƵ£ϿһƴСɫɷϼ뵣һǺӵ罫һƬǿոУطǷ
ϸһǺ֮ǡʮ
ϫ΢΢һǴһиܵһ˿ʶϢ

ԺУһĻĻۻ֣նڷͨһǾŲ̨ϡ
ֲãԭǾŲ̨µһͼЩ񡭡ϫȻЩ⡣
Ϊ֣Ժסķͼƣ׷ġǺ衱Ҫ򵥲١
ʮϢҲбһԣɫأеЩ֡
˻ϫʵ
ʱϱȽϣеܹһµӵܣƷϽĻȴǺҳһܹ˷ЧʮǺӵġ
üͷϫ㲻ѰķʦܹƳʮǺ󣬾ܳƵ츳ڵģһȻһ£ֻЩ鷳ˡ
ϫЩ⣬ټңôҲǴ£ΪңѵҲһ׷ķʦ
ƿ˼ҡͷȹģд裬Ҳֻܵӱ˲Уеĳϲ֣ǿɾԴСˣҲʧƽ
ϫŻȻ
ڳϫ̸֮ʣһҵӵǳ̨Ҫ׷д衱һһϸ¡
벻Ҳ̲סˣ
˵һУҲǽʦ֮֮˴Сˡ
˵ǱһλһؾǱзôҲˣ
ⲻкϷˣ
̨һ£ü֮ɫһڱͽԶ۷׷
ϫˣʵ壬ӵΣ
ȷһźӣ츳ѣǰʦʱܽǺ衯ƳʮǺչа֮ãҲǲﵽʲô̶ȡ
ɫԻ˵
ϫпȻǷҵĵ̣һӵжٵķʦɲѰܹ쵽ġ
ܿ죬ͿʼƷɫͬ򶨣˿ңֻ׷ͬĶ̸鶯ȴһѸ磬籼׵ζ
е±ð
еĿⶼϣнԶĬĬʱ䡣
׷ʮϢأ
ڴš
ϫͬעӣ̲ܿסҡҡͷ
ԵһĻɵѵʲô𣿡
ϫ룬κη涼ѷɫ׷̬ϣȴһ˿¶ǿ֮ռݣ޷׽εƷУڽΣû취ȷˡ
ʵ˵ĻίˣʱӦú׷£ƷϣȴȻѷһ
ȻЩҲø˵
ûԣһɫʱüѡ
ɲӳϫڷʱϫΨһһϴ֮۵ĴڣһɽĴˣΪ缫Ϊͨڷϵ۹⣬˵Ž񣬿֮ͬȴ԰Ⱥˡ
չȻϫǰ㣬ڵʮϢʱˡǺ衱ơ
ʱ䣬ǡú׷һˣҲڳͷһ̾һЩӵ̲סȲʳˡ
һ̣ǿƵķʱһеľ̾ͺȲʧɫЩ̡
ΪһǺ衱ܣֻʮǺȻֻ׷һɾϸ΢Ĳעʤ֡
ˣ
ȻȻ۲ѣЩסЩţЩԽĽ֡
ڴˣ׷ȴЦЦЦúǫѷǫѷȴǿҵźͰЦѣлĴͽ̣֪һд裬㲻ʤһ
ɫЩޣȻһ仰Ҳ˵ת뿪̨
ѹȻˣĳǾãһʱʤѣοֻһд裬عһģе֮
׷ȻһЦԵúܴȣ̬ݣôвٱͶ׷Ͳѣʤܲ٣Ա޵ſ
ʱĿأһ࣬дһĨζ
һУɫ΢䣬㼴ָһʾ⣬ڳı̰
õ̫ǿʤ֮ģҲĲԩһУҪл⹫ָ̣ˣֻڷд
촽һĨŵ΢ЦԣһҪл⹫ӣΪڳչʾ˾ʵƷֶΡ
˵ţƣţڳıҲŹƣһʱ֮䣬׶ڶ
ȺУһĻϫɸпҵļ̳ˣ㻯˴еգתעһЩһ֮ķɡ
ȫҵ׷΢΢һЦֲѣĿһתϣлǲˣСڷϵ裬ʤһҲдһڳλҲΪһСķɡ
һ̼žڳɫ졣ɫһк
£ѵͬˡ
ϫҲüͷһ壬׹ԷȻǰģǹҲˡ
ʱ촽򣬳Ĭԣŭףգǰŭ⣬ݸҡͷˣɲݵģҶд貢Ȥ
˼ǣҵķɲ㣬ֻΪ˱ݣǴһĨ֮⡣
׷һԴźظпҲԶǰԷҵ˫ɣֻȴЩϧˡ
ϧʲô
ȻϧҲ֣֮ǣΪңҲһܹӮ׷Ķ֡
ͬóе֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬һԼ侲˵Щʲô
ڴʱһʵ𣬡ҼҴС˵ĲķɲݵģݺȣȻ⹫ӷҪִˣǾ⹫дһѣΣ


1049 
׷ҪдʱΧڳҲǿϷ̬ȣΪ˷ܺڴ
дϵ֧ʼձҵϵѹƣһϵϵֻϳͣǣվһŮˣвˬ
лᵱҵϵӣڳǴּɡ
ȻҪͷȴһ𣬻ﻰٲȻһάļƣ˶üѣЩӶͻȻðĽߡ
Ⱥֿ߳һ˵Ӱ
˵ģڳ΢΢һоЩİЩŮ۾һκ졣
ˣ忡㣬˫ǿգɫۣ̤ģͦΣͶ֮䣬һԨsţƮȻʣעĿ
ˣǳϫ
ΧȴԶϵһʱ۷׷ף²ⲻѡ
˭Ϊδû
ƺûһλӵܡ
ţ˵ʣֱ̫ϲˣһйµˡһŮĳԳ
һ࣬촽΢ţ¶Ծ飬ϫŴ磬ҲЩĿһµĸо
£ϫΧͶľɻ󡢻ȵĿ⣬ȴţ
С㣬һ⹫ӵƷֶΣΣϫǰ΢΢һʵ
£
һ׹֪ϫǹԽݣôȻΪ˰Լһʱ֮䣬ҲǸмѡ
ɽĴ˰
񣬾βм
ڣ̨ϵ׷üʵλѣϺˣ
仰ҧˡϡ֣˼ǣˣǲҪΪá
Ȼ׷ҲԮֻЩóϫ֣һɳļһͻȻðԼĺ£ֱǷ
Ӯ˶Է׷Ҳûκγɾ͸пԡ
ССϺսǿɾ̫ˣʱ䲻˵ӰļƻԣԳϫ̬Ȼ̸жѺá
ϫ̧ͷ΢Ц⹫ӣղſ˵˭Ժд裬ѵˣ˵⹫ǲҽСս
˻һһڱͽԶЩȻҲ֪һ£Щζϫ˵ĻҲҲû
׷۵һĨŭڣȺͻȻһ궯߳һˣۣʩʩȻ˹
ףⲻƽү𣿡һ¾ϳһ֧ϵĽܳӵƽ
ã⹫Ĺͣһûüܡ
ƽǰع˹ֱ֣壬ͷҶ֪׷⹫ԱޣһһλʦŻ磬ǰ;
Ǵһ֪⹫Ա޵ĹңҵĵϵӣЩߴѧ֮һѧ۸Ǽ׷ӽΪһߣ
˻һڳͽԾǵȷ֪׷ͷȻ֮һʱ֮䣬п׷ĿⶼˣһĨ𾴡
ĴޣɽΪĺǿʢĴ򣬲Ĵ򣬲ɽֲĴ֮С
ߴѧҡصͳɽ֮أɽΪߵĵط
׷УӵҵϵӵܺߴѧԺӵ˫ݣ֪ݺ͵λڳǵĳǺε֮ˡ
ڴˣ̨ϵ׷ǫѷһЦԣԵзȡ
еһӿһĨ֮ɫȻһţǱϫ׽
вһ̾ȻҲʶϣƽ׷Ϊ˸һصĴɨء
˵Ҳ֧Եϵλһ棬Ϳܲܽӵˡ
ѱԼƿأƽϲɸһĨɫãһλ֮ӣһȥд裬ɲǴ֮
˵ţɨ˳ϫһۣԼı֮ɫ
ʱ̨ϵ׷ҲЩֱ̹ͣЦ֪ΪҵϵԱѧԺĵӣǷСһдһأ
˪Ըϲ̣Ϊ˼ŮˣҪչ˵棬ѵˡ
ڴʱԵĳϫͻȻЦݺͱд޻˵
˻һͽԶȻַֻҪӶó
һ
һʱ֮䣬еĿⶼϫܻɣһǲɳҵġ
׷Ҳɫһμһκ¶һĨ֮ɫû취ʵܹɳСоԷӬƵ˽ͣ
һУϫ΢΢һЦһתҼҴС֮ǰ˵ƷݵģݺͱҲҫʱ⹫ôЩ;ˡ
һ仰һƬž
ڳ㶵ؿųϫԸо˷ˣҵԱ޵ſ;ֱǿԲѡ
ԣɫ˵ȴϫʾֹ
ʱ׷һſСϣҲƽϣעԼУ򣬺Ը
ϫٶԣֱֿȺ̨ϣ׷ԣƵ⹫ӻûԼĴǾͰ⹫ԣдƷ۳ɰܰɡ
Ǻǡ
׷Цѣ´ųϫЦô˵ԼƷˮƽˣ
ϫЦЦΪֻǵ⹫ӣҼҴСһֱΪ棬ִˣµֻܴ͵⹫ˡ
֮ǣдʸҲûУҴҲǲһٴԲдġ
һֱǽ׷ޱ޼ʣƫƫϫ˵ʱͶһȻζɲñ˲š
ڳͽĿɿڴһǴðģӺͿδ̫˰ɣ
ȴһЦкϫôϧ׷ȫΪ˰Լڿһ㶼á
׷ŭЦųϫͷܺãСĹ£Ҳѵãֻϣ㲻ֻǻˣˣƤӡ
ϫҲ˵ֱ̨İǰϸϸǰ֮ǰ׷Ƶ顰Ǻ衱
⹫ӷģϲ̨ĶҲֻڻҶѣʱģȽһòʱɲˡ
УƽĴȴԸƽ׷еŭ䴫ֻϣûеڶĲӬˣҵޣûպһȺӬ


1050 Ǻ
ǰϫ顰ǺաƬ̣㼴̧ͷ⹫ӣֹĻüҪҪһ£
˻һڳɫʱù죬һ˿ѵͲʧ˶ˣ
׷ѱһŭԴǶס鴤һ£ɨ˳ϫһۣڴı֣ǧôʧ
һһ٣ŭ֮⡣
ϫ˵ͷٶ˵ҲУֳʣպī֮󣬾Ϳʼһհ׭
һ׭̣һ̧ͷЦʵ⹫ӣǺյ龰
һʲô
ͼƷʱ򣬻Ը˵ЩĿ࣬һ﾿ǲƷʦһְҵûУѵǹܳҵģ
׷ҲһͲͬԭȷЩ֣ΪγϫҪִԼҲһ˿ǣһʲô©ǿɲվˡ
ɴʱϫɣһ˿ǳ٣д󶨣ĲӬῴô㣡
ϣȴһߣͲϫ
Ų϶ԷĵһƷԷʧˣʧܵԭںԼ̸ϣǾ˵ˡ
Ǵע⣬ԹۣϫһǵĻᣬڴб͵Ŀ£ԷҲҲˣ
ϫˣȴǺɣһĵ׭̷ƣһԹ˵ȻǱݣԵһϲУ⹫˵𣿡
׷첻ԣȴЦȷһǭ¿ˣԴʲô˵ֶΣԼĵ
һڱͼˣԶЩ׹ˣоһĴ海ҵļһ̸ʲôд裬ǹֵġ
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ѵΪ˱׷棬ʲôҲ𣿿ôԻһΪЦ˵Ϊ
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⣿һ䣬ɨƽһۣ˵һԣ
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ڴʱϫŵķͻȻ£ʷǰϵϵһ£ȻֽʶЦǡõʮϢҲ
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̧ͷ׷Ц̧ϵֻϱ߱īǣһƬܹԼķƾޱȣҵСһһ˵һ˿Ǻ衱ϢûС
ѴעҪݺϫһȾѵĻᣬ÷ˣЦλ뿴λƵġǺ衯
˵ţƵƵתеչʾڸλһҪڳÿıͶ̬
̫ˣ
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ڣ׷ǴЦ˵һ룬ЦݻȻͣһ˫۾ϣӼҪ͹
ֻޱȵ棬طһĨڹ⣬õҹɫ뵣ء
ˣ
һĨĲٿȻɢڳֻǰһеĵƻѱһˮҹĻ֡
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ǡҹ֮£ǻԡ
̫Ưˣ
һЩŮૣڣɫ͸һɳ֮ɫ
Ҳˣɫͣˣɽ磬֮ߣ鶼ûлǿ֮ϣǳת
ԼһĻֻ֪һ󣬲ǿգǸе𺳣̶ԡ
ϲľϲһ⡭һʣ૳Ըеĺ촽΢򣬹ճһĨ˳Цݡ
ˣҲǵͷпѣظ֮ȣ׷ƵġǺաƵģͬӨӨ֮ȫ޷ԡ
⹫ӣϲΣ
̨ϣϫͻȻڣƳš
ҲǴѹſǻԵԴͷ׷е
ǻԣ׷ӳĵǿ֮Ӱ㣬ʥǷĿ֮˲ܲұӡ
ɱǵȴޱȣһĪķ̣
ڸղţ׷ǿ˿ֱԲ伥˷ΪӬҷɡ
ڣǺյϣԱȣӳĵ֮ǰоСһ㣬Ц֮
ֱһޱȵĶ⣬ݺݳ׷ϣ


1051 ŭ
Ǻ磬еռžȴ͸һɹ졣
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׷ɫȻòһƬٰ಻סеķŭݺڵϣԵü̶ʱ֮䣬еǺʧ
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׷һ߿˹ȡǺաһɳļһܹƳɹģԲܣƷôƳȾƷ߽һ
һ̵ûķȣ类ԹƵģŭѣоš
ϫЦЦȴҲת뿪̨ϲѾ飬Լȥ
ҹžֻ׷ڻص
ڳı졣
еˣԭ¶Ц˿̣ȴЦݽ̣·˳һ⣻
еˣ֮ǰҡͷ̾Ϣʱ¶𺧣Ŀɿڴ
еˣ֮ǰЦһΨ²ҵģڣǻӲ°Ͷϡ
һ̬ࡣ
Ǻ֮ǾƷ߽һ
֪˭˵һƳţڳбŻعԼͬһš
ڳͣ˵ԶԷδ㣬ǣûԹҲܣο⻹Ǵġ߽һǿ˷ʦΨһ׼ȻҪƳжôѡ
ϫƵġǺաҹĻ٣Ǻյѳѵķ룬ﵽ˾ƷµС
Ʒһ֣һλʦԣǿ飬һǧʦУҲδƳһƷɷǺա߽һˣɽķʦУҲҲġ
һλʦ鷨顢ľʦУǣҪһʷľҲǿ顣
˿̣һɳˣȻƳ˾Ʒ׵ġǺա
ֱһ
ڳеĸܡ
ΪȻǣϫƷʱһ߸׷죬ڵڶʮϢʱͣ£ֱʮϢһʡ
֤רƷڶʮϢ֮ڣƳƷʵһ顰Ǻա
Խ룬Խ˾ѡ
ⲻܣⲻܡ̨ϣ׷ţзȥظһ仰ɼܵĴкε֮
͵أȻ̧ͷ۾ͨ죬ɫ࣬ѻصߵĳϫһˣһСôӮңб£ٱһȣһӮ㣡
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㣬㣬㡭
׷ҧĿ֨죬ȴ˵Ϊȣϫȷô˵ֻʱһжƶѡ
һԵҲǺЦ⹫Ϣŭһʱʤѣοֻһд裬عһģе֮
Ȱ㣬ʵʮ㣬Ϊ仰Ǹղ׷Ӯʱ˵ԭⲻ˹ȥ
ԣ׷ɫһá
ʱȺ̲ס˵⹫ӣڳôˣô׵鷢
̨֮ϣһĿȻ˭Ͷȡɣ
һʱ֮䣬еķһ䣬ʼֳ֧ϫ޳ϫ츳˫ױȣʲôͼʲô˵

˲ôΪһλˣ־Ƴ߽һķʦɽҳ
ղѾѳϫˣʱٲֲһǾǶԼ·ΣϾʦеĵλ̫غͳˡ
ǣԷһλһλʦҪСĶԴ޷ύҲܵˡ
̨ϣ׷ֱ㵱ȥ߹츳׿ȻȺСȺµĴڣܹ䡣
ο˴γϫ˴εĳ֣̫ƯͰԵǻʦֻҲòˡ
ܺãܺã׷סˣСֽ̣
׷Űбߵĳ嶯Թɨ˳ϫһۣ漴һԲֱȥתûӰ
⹫ӣ⹫ӣһȣƽɫ䣬׷ȥ
ȴǴǱ䵭ĮƽլЩ飬Ҳúú̸һ̸ˣ
УǴһĨȻɱ֮⡣
ûгϫ֪ȥӦˣһУƽĻԼǰȥ
ʱƽɫɷף֪ˡ
ʱʱ˳ܣЦܾʵһд裬λѣŽеһ룬Ҿˡ
໥һۣû˵˼Զֻ࣬еգȴҲָ֮ǰˡ
Щ˼֮ǴǰҪϫ׽ύһϧǣǲδԸ
ΪʱǴųϫ뿪˴С

īҹɫ£ϫͨĵСУС໨ľިŵƮһľ㡣
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˵ųű佾֮ɫľգɫ±࣬һǿŮ
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ҪȥһҸףʱұΪ׼ɰ顣
Ҳǽ֮ˣתƻ⣬Ц˵ʣȻֻһ׼ʱ䣬ҲֻҪŬü
ϫЦЦЩ棬Ҫ׼һЩʲô顣
ϧʱѾϫӵͥԺǰֱӿڵúϢ㡣
˵ţ΢΢һЦ㼴ת޳ӰܿҹɫС
ϫԭһʣһֻա
Ҳ֪Ϊλ߽֮˵ˡ
صԼķ䣬ϫշ֣Ծ˵ķԼоǺաԷĻôȻʹһ˿Ǻɽϵġ
ϧϫ֪ޣҲ벻Ȼҡҡͷһ˲ǽǳ硣
ûٵ飬ʼ
ͬʱһƬլۡУ׵ɰ£ֱ꣬ԵҪִƽһˡ
ԼŰɡյһڣ˵ƽʲôҸȤǸϫ
֪ʲô룬֪û취ȥֱʵ
΢΢һЦӺƽͣƽȴһĨµĹ󣺡׵ģȻ֪ŮһˣǺηʥˡ
֮ɫһţ㼴ʵ֪
ǵȻôҲŮҵȻÿһСǷˡЦ˵е٩һĨ֮ɫ
ǾþλƿһҵǺơ
ٴԥһ£ջ˵ɽˡ
ۣ
û˵꣬ɽˡ֣۾һɣ͵ؽвˮЩǱ
ʲôƣʲô֮ɫȫȻ޴档


1052 µ
峿
ϫǳ߳ȣЦ
Ȼֻһҹǳǹȥ죬Уڽѳ߳εɹ
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Ǳ֪ɣΪɽУǿյĴ֮Ҳ֮ǻܴﵽģѿƾˡ
ʱٶ飬ƾ򣬻ܽɱϫı仯˵ͷ
ΨһЩźǣ˵ĸ֮֮ͬеİٱ࣬ΪֻɳȴǺܽƿصȫӳ
ͺñԾʱֻһһ̺ͬн޷һ֮о̺
Ϊԭ
Ҳ֪Ϊ׼ʲô顭
ϫʵһֱǳչأһߴһΪϧϵ඼ֹһô򵥡
ҪΪҪʯ
ҪսҪƷʣռɲġ
ҪΪ֮ҪѪʯΪ
ҪǰѧԺҪɰǰһǧ
˵κεҪǱ븶ʱģϫʱ䣬ѽֻʣһ꣬ԣ뾲ĳʱչضѣҪһ׼׵ˡ
ŶϫͿѵȴʱ
ֻһ磬ǳɫ½ǰ˵յ쾡£ֱĳһ޳ȣ²һƤѥ
һͷŨܵĽɢ˫ϣ¶һűգ촽Ө󣬱̣ͦ֬һԼװ磬л棬ǿҵӾޱȡ
ǳϫһĨ续ٻӰʱҲǰһоǺʶŮӲͬ䣬ȴޱȣӦӲϾ
塣ϫǰЦʺá
ڳ˼Եѹϫͷ߰ɣȥеĸɱǰһްϵȻٴȥһط֤ϲġ
ϫЦʲôطҪô𣿡
գգ۾պ¶һĨƤ֮ɫȥ˾֪ˡ
һĻǡ·һŮУŵĻڵϣо죬Сôˣ
ǵһϿ̬һʱ
ע⵽һĻīüһ壬ָһŮɨŮһۣתųϫ뿪
ԹԣСԭҲǿģؾϴɵλˣֲôСмӣҲֻܴСִˡ
ͳϫıӰʧ֮Ůųһ

Ͷһ޵ÿһɳҲԶиɱڣϱʱʱ̿ӳűɰ仯
ͳϫִ˵ʱвڲ̽Ħɱڣĳ֣ʱһɧ
ΪϷϵĵϵ̳ˣʥɳУͷȻǼڸɱǰΪģȻһĿע⡣
ڴˣ˾ռߣֱųϫɱ֮ǰ˵ЩʲôȴһǰĽϡ
ףⲻС𣿽ʲô״Ҳˣ״ȻʵãͷڣΪ
ϫ̧ȥоԷƺԼĳЩֻȴ벻ˡ
޼ҵĵϵӷ壬磬Ѵͨأƿ졢ء֮ʵΪףưλܰǰǧ
ϣĴϫ׹ֲ죬ԭĴ硣
ڷʱΪ޼ӵܣ˹ϡϣԼһɽᣬҪͳϫڴʱ˳ϫС
һ뵽⣬ϫаһݣôӷǵзѣɵСһЩ
õģзһУ㡢С㡢ҡ˶ޡšҲֻǻɶѡ
һִһ䡣
ϫ룬ҲȻˣʱڴУĶˣȻ֪ޡš˾ôġ
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УǴһ˿£֮⡣
ϫһĨŹ֣һĵܵԼУȴ£ԼЩЦԷǡ
ӷ壬ûµĻ뿪Ҫǡüȱ䡣
ӷЦЦ˳ϫһۣתͷĿͷҲãҾͲλˣǰҲòСһ䣬вټһƺҪڽʱս㣬棬Ҫ㼷ưǰʮ֮УСˣ
˵ţתȥ
ߡһᡣ
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ϫȻһۣ͵ʶҲһǿߣıȻɰֻ̣û뵽ǣȻ֮ˡ
뵽⣬̧۾ͳɱȥȻͿֺȻڵڰλλӵӷ
¿ϫֱַҵ֣ǰλӵʮһ΢λӵʮ
˭
ϫ̲סʵưϤû취ӱȥжϳһЩõļֵ
һҵĽŮӣһʥѧԺѧҲա
ںصһ䣬תƻϫϽһ£Լڶˡ
ϫ˵ͷϢ񣬷ֳһʶǸɱӿȥ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫϲɷһĨɫ૵޺Ͷ޹Ȼһ̫ˡ
ˣһۣοû£һЩҲνŸշɽѣִ̫ڵˣֻʱġ
С˵ĲɰǰһɫǿߣǶԱȣȫûж塣
ҲһЦ˵
ϫȻʧЦα֮޵ȷ˲٣ҲɳѣȻѰպȡ
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㿴
ϫָŸɱ·һĨҫܿͳǰǰİǰ
ͣ˵ڶʮλһֳһ֣Ȼдųϫ֡
ʱס


1053 ־
ڶʮ
ߣﶼǵĿͺñȽǹעĲ֡
ԣˣλưڰĿһֱעģԶǱߵǰ֮δϡ
ɴʱĿȴڵڶʮλפãɫھɫû뵽ᷢһĻ
ʵҲȷˣԭƲУϫܹǰڣѾǼޣϾŽǰģһɫɾǿߡ
ϫɳΪɾ˲ֹһΣƲǿǵϫַͬѰ֮츳սʦСȵȡ
˵֮ǰƲ⣬Ѿ˵
û뵽ԼǴ͹˳ϫǱǰ٣һԽӵڶʮ֮У
̲ס˿ڵڶʮλ֣ͨǡһλ½ǿӵɳΪƿִսһУҲһ֮С
ɳͨȻɳϫѹһͷζţϫӵеսԴƿɳǿߣ
ʶһ㣬Ҳһɫ˵Ĺ죬𾪣Ȼƾϲͣޱȡ
ʲôֵ𣿡
ϫʣþòԣЩ֣ѵΪ̫͵ԵʣԼɳ
̲ס˳ϫһۣѵûһо
ϫȻΪ̫ˣɲţԺһŬģһЩӦÿһЩ

һüųϫһʱ֪˵Щʲôˡ
һԿȤ̲סȻʧЦϫˣ̫͵Եʣ̫ˡ
˵ţѽưһЩһ
ӵоǧɳǣڼƵ飬ƴɵ֮꣬ʤǿߣعƶʮ֮
ǿߣǿҪ࣬Ҳ֮
ӴһĿ£ܹްĴڣȻͬеٮٮߣ˵һҲʳݡ
ܹǰһǧĽɫһĶһ츳ѣžޡ
˵ǰǷǰһǧҲҲɾĴڡ
£ϫɴ֮ˣڵڶʮ֪жôĲס
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ɽǧŰޣĴȶڣĿ꣬ѳͬˣĿܰϣɽ緶Χڡ
Ϊغȣܹʱʱ̱̿侲һ֮С
οΪ˽ѧԺעʲôɰ˼ֻڵ;ϣĻʱȥĥһ
ʣһ֮ܰǰһǧˣߣҴȥһصĵط
Ǵѹڣǡ
صĵط
ϫѵɰйأ

ʥɳǶ
һׯصĽ֣ųϫִ˵ʱտĴУֻһλ˯ߣ֧°ڰ빺󷽴
ϫܣֲʲôĵطɻ󣬲ΪλԼôһط
δʣ϶𰸡
ֱ֮ӽһڰϣһʯҰһơ
һ˯ۣɨһۣйѾͷʲôʱѧˣ
˫۱أߵʲôʱ̰ˣһһΡ
˵Ҳ˵̰ƣҲפǧˡ
ƲƲ죬˵ʱȻֽһɫƶڰϣɣ˭Ҫȥ򣬾ͽʶ̽С
ʾϫȥҲɣǰԽʶ̽һɫС
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һ̣ϫֻһ첨ɨȫ͵ȼһ㣬ƥսӿȫ޶ģһХĺ֮
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ޱȵȣƻͬѪҺȼĵһբţսĥ¶սˮ̶
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⾿ô£
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ߵԶЩ𾪣ΪҰУϫһͬʵʰս⣬ֱһֱ̡
սХɽڣ°ҫۣаˡѰڴˣһս⣬Խ䶷־ݿ壡
սУˣѵһֽҪճ𣿡
Զǿ⿪ؼ䣬ӿâ绡ޱȣɫû˯ģ
Ѵ̫ʱ䣬ʶ̫콾ȴǵãܹսУĴڣֻҪţ޲ΪɽһĴ
壬ûǴеı̻ˡԨҶƣꡤˣڲ־ʱԶɣ
ૣųϫĹ
־ֱӵ֣սǿ񣬳ϫӵս⣬ȷӵгĵˡ
ҲǾ̾ʵ󲻳δ·ܴﵽεȳ̶ȣעѰ˿󼰵ġ
޽ʱ벻ѷɫˣҪ֪ԨʱѾˣϫڿɽֻɳ
߷һĨĻȣ˾ĥ³˾˵־ܻˡ
ʱǿͻȻŤͷʵѾͷСһģûǴڿûһսﵽȳ̶ȵġ
һߵ֪ƫƫ㡣ϫϵ飬Խ֪ԽãŲ˷ֶеܡ
ɦɦͷѾͷҪҲɡ
ô˵ǲԲߴӵۣǲģȴû취
գȻ̾ϢʵҲ֪ģΪձȻɽһҫ֮ǣĺ
һУ״̬еĳϫûѹʱѻָƽֻĿУɲһĨ޷ȥ𾪡
ôǵֵֹģ
ϫüɻɨλһۣһͷˮ
ƣһҪպˣ뿪ٸһС
ץһɫƾϫȻɨһۣæųϫ뿪һıǿ԰ѳϫµģ


1054 ֮
ڳϫ뿪ãǿͻȻٺһЦϵĲ֮ɫһĨȡ
ⲽذ빺ߣӻһԲ͸Ө׾ϱ߹ϼӿһ֣ȻһСĸɱڣ
̫¸ɱڣʰ䲼ƣ˭֪Ҳǳ֣֮
ߣסңŶûС
ߵ˼䣬һѾĿͶӨ׾ϣϱһĨ⣬Ŀֱ֮Ҫһ
۾ַ̧ȥ⣬漴һ۳ǰϫɳưڶʮ
ɳڶʮ
һּϹߵۣһ´ӣⲽѣɫѾǱ֮ɫǡ
ɳôܡôܡ
ߵȻ֪ղǸɳ𾪵ǶԷưϵ̫ˡ
ټϸղѾĿ˳ϫսǺε֮ǿһ߳׶ˡ
û뵽û뵽ȥô꣬Ȼһúӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôһ̣ͻȻǰŹϣתϲһǽǰһƣǽм侹һŻ
ߺɣ󲽶롣
һңֻλôһϵʯƼ̨ͨŹµϢ
ǰǹʯãһҧ૵̰Ƶëû취ĵˣˣξͱ®쵰
˵ʱ̧óһһģкһʯ籼ӿĳˮƣӿǹʯС
յ蹦㵹˲ʮʯ֮˵һǹʯزһɲӳһ㡣
Ӹôۣȡʮôˡ
ˣ̲סһ촽۾⣬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôû棬ٺֱЦ
ͻȻǹʯһȻдһꣿлֱ˵ڿΣʱ䡣
ϳ͸һֱĵ
ٺ٣ϻƣðһźӣҪҪһߺٺЦЦ˵
ŶԷشĺܼ򵥣ֻһ֡
Ҳ֪Ϊܺ㹵ͨҿǺķʮʯ
߻û˵꣬ͱԷϣ˵¡
ðɣϼһﻹ⸱ƢøǷǮƵġ
߱ϣȻ⣬Ц˵֪һǧᣬꡤѾͷ֮һֱڻһֱڽøǰ̧ͷ
ٷϻҿɲˣԷٴδϵ
ɫһͣЩ㬣ûܼ򵥣ҼһˣۼʣȫѷɫκһˣȤҿ԰һ£Ҳ֪ˣҪһжôĲס
ôԷһȻЩĶˡ
Ȼóʱһ񣬺ٺЦҪһ̫ûǰЩ֮õһôһɱһλĽӣɣ
ԷһĬ֮󣬲ʵģ
ŸݵظȻϻƣȻ̰ƣʲôʱѹ
ڴʱǹʯУ͵һŲԼһЩӵ
һæʵι˵ϻƣ㻹ڲڣ
ãʯһֱӲ
һӼˣ˵®ϻ쵰ڹؼʱ̵ӣӾڲڣ
ѧԺһЩ״ҵôһ£ٺϵ֮һ
˵ȵһ£һ¡
£ǹʯâһ¹ڳš
ˣߵɫһ±ޱȣճ鴤ѣʮʯûˡûˡ
֮͵ӣɤ۷һ˹ŭ𣺡ˣǵѧԺĽϰûһ˵ģϻƣһڵģСӳΪ֮ʱ͵ſްɣ
û´ˣҷģóһ̫Ҳٶ˵һ֣

ͬʱޡ
ѧԺһӸɾ¥Уһߴػصߵ󲽳ǰȥ
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Ϣ棿ͻȻһ䣬Ҫٴȷһ¡
ȷģѧղۿԯҳԯûδüǰݻʦ𣬾ͱϰ;ˡæ
٣ûҪԵװϴα裬ҪԯҵСֱ̫
ЦһˣȻղŵ飬ǸϼһѵһλѵһĽ
һ絶Ũü΢΢һҡҡͷߣһϻȡôʲôţĴ֮пʵ𣿡
һţʵˣλԯҵСʲô֣
æһ֡
Ŷһа®ΪѧԺϯϰ֮һһĵӣǿɾЩ̫ˡ

ϸۡС
ҴҴųϫ֮󣬾ѰһΪصңһ⿴ţһصģ
ϫɺ⾿ô£
˵ʱһֱڴеƣɫ׭ϴ֣֮⣬ûʲôر֮
мɾţϥһϣʾϫҲ£ſ˵ղУǶ־һֲԣΨͨˣܳơ
־
ϫǺսйصһ־Ҳս⣬սһ֮УһԴսĥС
־ǿ󣬱Ȼ벻ǿͬĸսҲйϵ
ЩΪǿ󣬿ɲսȻ̸ʲôӵ־ľʱ
֮˵Ϊǻһ׼ô־ǿбһսǿֱ֡
򵥵˵־ǱԽܹھսԽǿսжһλǿߵΨһ׼
ϫЩɻ벻ףΪҪֲԣȡơ
ܿ죬͸˴𰸣ֻӵƣܽ򣡡

ϫһ֮ǰŹķ֮䣬Ƿʲôأ
רΪɰٵһƴһ磬ܹеģֳֻƣɰ֮еǿߡ
촽˵ԣҪɰȥеսĽݾ
ϫһ𣬵û뵽ɽ֮оȻһרΪɰٵˡ
кβͬѰ֮ϫ̲סʵ
߰ɣҴǰһ֪ˡ΢΢һЦһҲһ


1055 ̨
ƷģЦ˵Ϣ񣬽ʶ̽Уִ֮󣬿ǧҪȣ㡣
˵ţɫһ࣬˫ƣһֻ̣˵һ첨һ״̬ƺɣ֮С
ϫֲѡ⴦ң״̬£ƺ֪ȷΣ֮
ûԥСĽʶ̽걮С
һֻ̣˵һ죬类һڶУǰһڣʧȥ֪
ˣ
һ
ϫӰһƬտȻ֮£Ʈ죬ԶɽҰʢ羰㡣
ţ
ϫһһᵽµĲľϢ̲סһʯһ£ֺҲû
ѵһжģ
ϫ죬ܵؼӿķ֮
򣬳̫ʵֱʣһжģΨҵĴڣֻķʽֵġ
ϴȪˮϫŤͷȥⲽЦɨһеʯһ֪˵ģ
ϫֶʯпȷǸĵط
бģ߰ɣֻΧѡһ󣬻ӲӵǻԣϫԼס
ಣ
һ̣˵Ӱƿնȥ
ɱܳϫʵ
ﵽ׵ԶԱЯЦŽ͵ϫĸܣһǰʱֵȳϫ
·ϣϫƵƵѯʣд¸һС
ʵȫؾʲô겻ģֻѴ˵صʵĴھУΨһڣУֳֻƣɰӵεǿߣܽС
Ұ˵򹲷֣һΪƷְϵǿ裬һΪܰϵǿ衣
ֱ
ҲнɽǧŰ޵Ļ֣ÿһ޵ƷְǿߣֻдԼ޾֮С
ޣͳϫִֻܼ֮ưϵǿߣ޷ʵǰ㣬Ժ
ܹģܰǿߣʱѲƣԶ
һ֮󣬳ϫһʵ⣺𣿡
ƺ⣬ھʹǲˣصģӰ쵽ʵеĵС
ϫЦ⵹ǲ
ȴѵҪСһЩʷϽеǿߣΪش߻ħġ
̸ʱԶһ֮
ȻϫͿǼԶĵطһ޴ƽ̨ͨڣ縡յ½һ㣬һ飬ϣض⡣
Щƽ̨ÿһɷΧʱвӰƵƵϣԶԶȥȴһֻֻзһ㡣
̨ܼ߲㣬ֱӦɳо󾳡ԲɳڡڡڡΪֳ̨ͬԽߴܹеǿʵԽǿ
ָԶ͵ưϣܼһǿߵУҲţִܹ˵صǿߣһѰʱǷսֻάǧҡϾﲢʵУÿǿҲʱʱ̶̿
̨ϫȻʵ
̨ĲãΪܹɰϵǿ֮д轻ĥսʵսмǱܣӶﵽΪĿġ
˵ֻҪ㹻ǿս̨ϵǿߣսʤֱڸɱϣӶӰ쵽ɰ
ϫ¶Ȥ֮ɫȷǸð취ʵоޣȻ˵ؽĥ£ֶɰϵǿߣ˴дȻն񣬼ˣȡѵ٣´ɱˡ
ôһ˵ϫԼҲһĨ˷֮ɫЩĦȭƵζ
ǿߵǿ
ȻսУ
սǿߣ繫ϵɡ
Цſ˳ϫһۣ߰ɣҴۼʶʶ
˵ţֱӳǼԶڰյ̨ɱȥ
Ӱиһ̨֮γֳ˽״
ײ̨࣬ɳǿߵĽ𳡵أȻŲϣ̨Ŀ𽥱١
ֱ߲㣬ֻʣһ̨֮£ΪĿڶưϵǿ߶ԣǿս֮ء
ʱ̨߲ȴǿյģʽ򣬲ֹˣϱߵĵ㡢УҲֻʮӰ
ҪͲˣҲǵһ㡣
ʱǵһһ̨ϣѱռһԶǿչ̨ܣвӰڹս
С㣬ˡ

ȻʥɳеҴС㣬ѵҪ̸ߵ𣿡
ͳϫִʱʱ˲˵ע⣬׷׿ʺãɫд󶼴һĨ⡣
ۼǿߣ޸ɳУǶʥɳǣһ֣ȻһӾͱϳɼкε֮
ҲǣưڰǷϵļ̳ˣȻ˲֪˲
ϫһԿҲǰпѣͽ˵Ӱⶫʣʵ򵱴ﵽһ߶ʱԾͻӰ쵽˵̬ȡ
ڣʱЩ޸ɳǵ꿡ܣκϵǵһμɵʱԾ¶һĨأӰ졣
һУֻѵˮ΢΢һףųϫԶȥɫ佾Ůʮ㡣
Ǽһ˭
ʶѡγĽܳҲ˵
ͬʱҲע⵽˳ϫĴڣȻУһǰһĴϵ¶һĨ֮ɫ۲ѡ
һ·۷׷Уųϫͣһ̨ǰϱڷһҵĶԾһ꣬һŮ
̨Ĺܼ򵥣ս벻սһһһԶ࣬ռ̨ǿ˵㡣
һԽ͵ͼƻᱻط֮ǿȥҲѰ£ֵĿܡ
ϫ˵ͷصǺܹƽ˶֣ݵĶԷٺǰһж䱨
ҪҲܼ򵥣̨ƽս⻹ҪԷԸⲻԸ⡣
߰ɣʵУҰȷһƻԼƷһУһ߾һ̨߽ȡУǰһǧ֮С
ֽһһЩй̨ϸ֦ĩ֮Ҫųϫ뿪
ڴʱһ߳͵شˣ֪Ѿܾˣ


1056 Ů
һ͸һ⣬Եһָʹζһ֪߲ơ
ȴţֱӣųϫ뿪
վס
һٴ𣬱üΪʱϫ㿴ԶһٻӰǸһЩǿ߷׷ܣԵüΪᡣ
һٻӰʱЩǿȴǸŭԣɫһ˿ȻһĨη
һŮɫǶװ֫ϸ񻣬һŹ°ĽգòΪֻüһ֮ɫ罾ĿȸƵģһС
ʥɳҵ
ֲøҺ˵ԭȻ
˵Щһֱ򣬾Ϊ˵ִսҪ׽ǰʮ֮С
ô˵пһԾˣ
Ůĵִ˵һ̨ܴǿע⣬Զ̨϶ԾǿߣҲвٱһĻĿ⡣
ɼͷ֮󣬺ѷɫ
ԭֲʱӿˡ֣ȷԵùˡ
ϫ֮ǰڸɱǰ飬ʱ޼ҳӷԣЩӻвǿҪս
бһλưʮһǿڣҲԭڡ
ܹʮһ֤ʵͬѴﵽ˶۷УĴ֮һϣ̺ͳҲޱȣȻнĵ
һִǰһ̧°ͣ˵Ļû𣿡
ȻˣȴǸûУֱûʱ˷ѣΪ㲻䣬Ծÿ
ƽȴǺ
ϫԣвɺЦ˵ǸݵСôһʮŮ赭дһ仰ͽԼǿƱ쾡£ѵһСëƵġ
ǿȻҲƷеζԶ಻ѣôѵģڳ֮Ҳֻˡ
˿Լһ˫ӿһĨ֮ɫߣҿˣǲǵıҴܣӴʥɳҲ̧ͷ
üСѾͷˣһȤһս㣬Ҫ󣬷ֻӿ㡣
˵ţֱųϫǰȥǰһ
֮ľֻɣ̬ȣɫ䣬һ˪ֱǰʱһҧΪĵرһࡣ
һã֡
˶ⲢʾΪĹأ̨дսһеѰ£ͻᱻǿ
ɣŮˣӦսȴĹӱս㻹ҵļ̳ˣһ㵨ûУ
ԣһãȴеޱȳ裬ٰ಻סзŭг
ȻֱԼĶ䡣
ЩҼסˡȻɱ㣬ʵУСһЩҵЩϼһҲȲ㡣
ͻȻֹͷҲأ˵һ仰ƽĮȴ͸һɾȻɱ֮⣬ڽС
ԣǿ߽Զһ˵һǿԸ񣬾˵
Ҳɫһ䣬ЦܺãҾʥɳǵ㣡
⻰˵ƸоԲģһ䣺Ůˡ
ž
ͻȻŤͷһӣһεƿնȥݺݳϣöԷյʱ˵ɳȥһС
˳״ͣû뵽ᷢͻһĻ
˵ǣҲû뵽ȻͻȻ֣ˣʵĿܵסһ⣿
㣬㣬㡭ȻӹѵͲ±ǿ򣿡ź׵գһȻԹ
ΣʱҪչͻ¾磬û档
ƽݲȣһ׳յĿ⣬̼Ƿŭǳ裬ֱ
ˣ
ڴʱһĲӿ֣͸һɱ䡢ĮȻζ۳һӰΣһ֣Ƭضƺð
һ˲ѣٴǿһһܻ٣ӲԭأͲҶһ˿һ
ϫͬˣ𾪣Σ
Ѱ£ڣ׼̤򣡡
޸鲨ƽ飬Ӱһ֣ϫֻǰһӰʧ
һӰҲٿȻʧָʧһļµϢҲ֮
һУóϫʶĲͬѰ̫֮ʱڣʾοٳһƬġ
£ôܡ
ૣǲʣоԹ֮ɫ
һ̣ĿһƳԶĳϫеһǻԹ޵ʱҵ˷йڣСӣŮ˵ͷɣͷصʮûУ
ʱֹǵֱоøˣһǿ߶ҡͷѡ
ϫüôŮˣת뿪
㡭վס
һɳСҲԼʱһǰҪסϫ
ȴӰһϫӰʧԭء
ȻˣĶټ㣡ɫɷף
פԭãԻָƽĿһɨ˶һֹĿڴԼüһôţҲ
˵ʱĿƿ׷ת뿪ǿɲʵǵҲûᲢۡ
ˣźһЩһҧ˵УԲܾôˣ

Уϥصĳϫһ۾֮ǰ֣Щʵĸо
ôһԣʵ
ܲϫ˵ͷ
ЦϵõģһݰСѾͷѣԺ򣬿ɵʹСѾͷرС۵ĺܣκβңֻ»
ϫҲЦˣʼ磺ףҲġ
˵⣬ͻȻһ£ʵղֵӰĪе
ʹһӰֻ߾ˡ
һ䣬ʵʱǷȱʲôʯҩһģҰ׵ӽԺڴ˱չذɡ⴦·һؾ档
ϫǷȱĶЩ࣬ѪʯƷʵɲĵȵȵȵȡ
ÿֻʣһ׼ʱ䣬ƾһŬɱᱻм֮·ţ罻죬ֻ農ʵӡ˵
ϫҲ֮ͷãǾ鷳ˡ
ǳǳһЦ綬ڻɢžĶǵ
⣬ΪϫûԼˡ


1057 
Ϊϵķ֮һȻۺޱȡ
ڵϣǴһѵɲķأƷɲģƺʱϫѾɸл߰˰ˣټѼģƷһΡ
Ľһ֣ܼɹȻҪѰ
ΨóϫЩźǣصѪʯĿ̫ˣֻʮ飬ԶԶ֮
ڴˣҲΪΣֱ̫ϡ٣ѱ˿ⷿҲҵЩʱһǰи̹Ҳһǧ֮
ϫȻҲ֪ԴӻĹʱڱħ֮٣ħ֮ѺµѪʯϾȱħ֮Ѫ۶ɣħ棬ȻиѪʯ֡
ʱƣҲôϡ٣ֵҲǽڽʸߣüΪ㲻ʮѪʯֵһʯ֮£
һ뿪
Լÿ¼һ棬ڴڼ䣬ϫһֱоޣκ˶ŵ
ߣϫֱӽǳ硣
Ǵӵод棬ڳϫǳбչأ洦һЩ
Ϊв磬ȱǳʱ䷨һ൱ǳе졣
ǿ´޵ĵڶϫ˼֮С
ѧԺ¼ѧʱڣֻһʱ䣬úóﻮһÿһӶڵϣܾĿ
ܿ죬ϫʹ⣬õڶֹޣæɲģɱ
ʱ䣬һ߾ޣһһǰԾĥʵһֻҪ⣬һ֮ڲܰǰһǧ

ǿ֮¡
ϫϥ̨ͣ
ڣУѭ춴еĲ³һɹɾƥ֮ӿȣԨ纣
ɾ磬ڡڡڡԲĸΣֱ󡱡ÿһΣڻ춴λٳһƬµ֮
ʱڳϫ춴籱λãӵһƬ֮ƺڸһӰ֮
ĺơ֮
ڻ춴ĶϷλãͬһƬΣһƬԴͷΣֻģ
λֱȸ׻֮֮Ӧ
νΪΪȸ裬׻Ƕɾĸεдա
ĳϫѿٳ֮ɳĲΣɲ̫ͬ񣬶սʱԺɨͬˡ
ֻĸҲڽʱҪࡣ
Һãӵв磬Ϊʯգͬǳʱ䷨Ҳصʱ⡣
һ࣬һϮӻƵ۵ĵڶæµ˫ǰǶѵСɽƵɲһһ
ЩΪƷ׼ڶȻֻɰصΪɽֻǼһЩɲģܹ쵽ġ
ʱϫŻԳ

ʮ֮
ǳѹȥʮ졣
ϫӴ䣬ӳǿա
ֻһܽˡϫһϢı仯Դص˵ͷ
ЩУδ֮ǽһеʱ䶼ϣЧǺġ
ڷ֮ȽҲ١
Ϊ磬ֻ֧ʩչҵĴĿ֮սᷢκα仯
Ϊơ
ϫվӣ˿Զĵڶһѵɲģһܳ׼ϣҡҡͷ
ȻҲЩϾɲģޱȣҪ׼ҲһһϦܹ쵽ġ
ˣǰĥΪʱٳֻ֮Ҫͽ֮ƣһٽƷ¼һ飡
һ˼ϫע⣬뿪ǳ硣


ڶεִ˵ʱϫǼ죬ֱԶ̨ɳ۶ȥ
ʵ粻ͬȴޱȣڴûʲô𣬴Իعʵ󣬻Ὣи;ͬɱ䡣
ΪҪǣеֱ̨Ӻ͸ɱӰɰεı仯
Գϫ˵ҪģϾҪѧԺҪܰǰһǧˡ
쿴ǲǼһ
ӦòʮǰСһǰġ
ŶߺߣôãҵСļһˡ
һεִʱһһƬ̨鲼зֲɫɫӰԶưϵǿߡ
һβͬǣγϫһִͲЩͬϸһ˽мǿ߿ĿУ͸һ˿ơ
ϫɫûжٵģԹԳǰȥһߣһߴ;̨
ǵһ̨ϴɳǿڽ棬һĦϫҡҡͷڵ۹⿴ȥȼսʵû˼ͺñһͷϻһȺڶԾһ㣬ȫ᲻Ȥ
ǲУҲ𲻵κεĥá
ûٵ飬ϫӰһݣֱӳڿյĵڶ̨ȥǻȻûע⵽вǿ׺
ڶ̨ȵһҪ࣬ӰΪ֣żҵĽ
ϫȻǣڶУֹڵǿߣһɳڵǿͬڴˡ
һ룬ȻˣȻԼԿ羳նɱǿߣȻҲ˿ԽȥսǿߣοЩɶưϵٮٮߣȻʾޣս֮
ңҲûй涨;ǿս߾ǿߡ
ܿ죬ϫҡҡͷڶ̨ɲʺһ̣㾶ֱ̨Ϸɳ۶ȥ
ţһҪѵǹǵϹתƣ
ԶЩϫ󷽵һȺӰУһɫһ
϶һɳĸȥսϵĸ֣϶ǷǣڸȦأ˶ݺ˵
Щ鷳ˣС̨ǸС㱨ѩܣüѡ
ȷ鷳ĹʵٿҲðȻѰˡ
쿴Сˣ֮ʣһͻȻ֣ϫӰȻ뿪˵㣬Ĳɳ۶ȥ
һɫЩѿСӼֱ̫ˣֱǵ˰ȥǿע⵽Ļˣ
أСӣվסѰ಻סȳ
ϧǵҰУϫȴţԹڵĲѲ˫ָһȻԵõģ
ֱӵĸо˵ɫģСһǹģ


1058 ͻ
̨Ĳ㡣
ԲǿߵĽ֮أܹڴչԾǿߣ඼ɰǰһǧ֮С
ϫǰ㣬һ̨ϣһЩɺڡڵĴڣֻȴûɳǿߵӰ
֮ڿϫڳ֮ΨһһɳĴڣԵüۣһִܵ˲Ŀע⡣
Сһɲĵط
ȻʧЦҡͷѡ
λɳĦѧϰҿֲεĶԾѧʲô飬緵ǰĦѧϰΪá
Ȱϫ뿪
ӴߣҪ棿ұ֤㳹ѹһͷȣ;֪
Ц٩
һУϫᣬֻһߣһ߹Ħ̨ϵĶԾɫҲ࣬ϧδս
أСӣվס
ʱ·һŭȣǻһˣǷɳ۶һɫ
ˣЩԭڵĲеǿ߽ԶһϫĿٶ¶ֻ֮ɫ
ǾȻ龰һ۾ͿɳСֻĳɫ׷С
ҲǻȻΪСӲǰ㣬ȴƫƫĲ㣬ˡ
˵չѰ£ҲʱһЩִþһбֶų̆жԾһȻƻ
ΪֵһǣʱҪԸһЩԹĶʱһЩǿ᲻˱Σն֡
״ΪټǱƲѣû˭
ιСһҪҪǳְƽֻҪһˡЦſڡ
ˣûʥɳҵˣüһ䡣
ңԹԣԭǡǰ˵֮˵ʱ죬Ȼ֮Ϊɵ
СֻҪùˣŲ֣Ļ̫ثˣ˵Բԣ˹ɿ
仰һøǿ߽Զ׷壬ǲϵģİĳϫȴϵˣȻԳϫԮ֣ͬ鶼ġ
ʱǻһǵִĲ㣬һ̨ǰϫΧסȴأһ˸Ҷ֡
ϫˣڿʼ۴ǰЩǿߡ
ܼʮˣɾںԲ֮ǿߣΨΪ׵ĻӵɳΪ
㹻ѹɾǿߣɴ˿ɼ˵жôȷȷǸر飬Ϊ𣬲ϧҲͬ޻˳ϫϡ
ǿԼ
ϫһջĿ⣬ɫȻݲȣȻûһŵζ
Сӣ֪Ϊζڣٹ췢ĴӽԺֽޣǾΣ
һ׳˵һ˵Ŀⶢųϫ
ϫ۾һУЦ⣿
󵨣ҼҴСҲµģһŭ⡣
ϫʼ磬ҡͷġ˵ţתҪ뿪
⸱ӵģǻ˶һû뵽һɳСһȻ
վס
׳ᵲǰϫ·˵Сӣý㻹ߵ𣿡
ϫʣǸƻĹ𣿡
׳ɫһͣɫнԶС޳ܣβ򣬾ҽǶС
ͻȻһֱûڵĻһЦڵƻ͵ϮҼҴСһǶ⣬Ϊǲƻɱ㣿
˻һΧԹ۵ǿнԶһû뵽֮ĳѴﵽ˳̶ȣٲȻһϧƻҲҪɳСӵģ
û˻⵱ЦΪ˵֮ˣȻĿ֮ô˵ȻѾ׼
ϫȴɫһƵģ˵ŶǾԡ
ĻشûһԤ֮УʱĳϫҪôȻҪôŭţȴû侲͵Ȼ
ֹǣǸһǿҲа棬ŷ֣ɳСһΪǳΣҵĵɫȴ˾ȡ
뿪ģұ֤һӲ򣬷ԶӲҵȵġ
һ˼˵
ϫһĬ
Ϊĥʵ뿪ҲûʲôϵϾɽ֮ʺĵطˡ
ܰǰһǧͱǰΪ̨ϵĶԾֱܹӰ쵽ɰϵ
ǣһҪ׵ļƣóϫ˾
һ̣̤һŵ̨ȻĿһɨˣƽҪڣһᣬһҪʱ䣬ÿ㡣
ϫֱ̨û˽ԶһϲɵĻȴǽԶɫһ
ʱ䣿
һɳС˵Ļ
ֱǲ֪ߵغ
ΧҲһ㶣û뵽ϫôȻҪɳ֮ˣȥԿЩڵˣ
ǣ⻹ڵĲ̨ϡ
ˣĲһɳĵط𣿸ҹȥ
׳Ȱ಻סһԾ̨̤ɫɭһϫƶȥ
ɽ磬죬ֱɱڷʴʵĻˣ
ɽӵɺڵΪɱһСƵģ
ˣЩӵܽԶ׷׹
ҪҪ֣
ǾĲ̨Զĵط꣬һ׿޷һƬ˪֮ɫ罣һ°Ь棬Ʈݡ
ڴˣһϳ˺Ȼưʮʣ͵Ԩ
˺ųڵ˫ǣԨܹưɼΪսкεȾˡ
֮ǰ˵ģԨ޷˪ѩʡ
˴С𣿡
Ԩ˵һ䣬ת뿪߰ɣȥһЩӣҺڶĹһս
ߣҿֻһĽǴĶ֣ˣͲ䡣һ
ԨҡҡͷٶԣһĨ磬ƮȻȥ
˵뿪Ϣδʲô
̨ϵĳϫȴ㣬Զңңһۣ㼴ջĿ⣬аǿϢưϵֻ¼Ϊǰˡ
СӣɽүսȻҷ񣬼ֱǲ֪ҹ£
ʱִɫɭɽǱһͷɽԶް㣬׺壬ÿֱ졣
䣡
δϫȰĴֿ磬һƵ£ɱµһɽ㣬ư⺷֮
ڴˣϫֻ̧ͷɫƽ³һ֣


1059 ϼɽ
ɽɺǿߣִưϵڵ߰ʮҲһλΪܳǿߡ
ǣս񱩺ͣҲеĵ³ΪңҪôƶǣҪôֱӱѹҪôֱӱһԴ
Ҳһȱġ
ǻ֪ɽ̨̤ɱɳĳϫʱЩˣǸսǿߣԶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
򣬱ɱֻش꣬һƱ˴ԴָоҲԲˡ
û뵽ǣΣޱȵ£ɳ˾ȻܣһƮƮ³һ˷˼֡
ˣ˲󰡣֪ذܣɲð벽˵ηã¶֪ã
нԷһָп
ɽŭЦȭ񱩣ʵı
ڴʱϫ˫迪է𣬰͸ԽԽߣת˲һƬӿ
ɽȴָյϫͷδɱ£ʱͻȻסƵģŴͣǰ·һˣƲɵϯ
սḻĴɽȻعʶԼȻԷ㣡һȭƼ٣ɱ£
ͬʱϫȭʵʵͶԷӲһǡ
ɽ϶ʱӿһĨ֮ɫֱͻȻı֮Ťòӣ黨Ƶġ
һӲƴɽұֱӱϵ
һȭǴ׳շ𣬺ݺݳ̨ȥУżݣѪͨһˤڵϣŵأʮݣԴһᣬʹȥ
һȭʤ֣
ɽϫ˵ǰֱ̨˹ȥ
Ȼʵ棬ʱֳѪ͹ͷѵ龰ϫа̾һ
һĻ˳״ͣ㲻Լ۾һɳļһȻһȭһɺڵǿߣ
ôܣһ˼г
ףСһˣ
ɽɺڰôһɳڵСУ֮ܵ졭
˶׷׾ɿڣƾƾ塣
һȺ׳գ̨Ͽ𣿶ұ죡
üŭȳ
ԣֻǿϫĿ⣬һĨɺء
Сӣʲô֣
ֱӽĿ⿴ϫˮ
ǿԣԶ¶һĨȻЩҵڣȴȻֵ֪ݣ
ҲЩֻģŶԷֻһɳСһĻȥ̽Էݺ
ɽܣȴ͵ʶһɳСһȴܹɻɽӹӹ֮
Ҹʱ䣬ǲսҿˡ
ϫüЩͣģһȺԶԶԼĴģΪûʱˡ
Ǹʱ䣡
ԣЩ˵ɫֱʳˮ
Сӣݵ÷ĸУ
ߣ󽣴ԸСӣұ֤Ű
Ҫ
Щӵܷ׷ŭ
ϫɺЦЩ˻Ǻڰײ֣Ǵˣ˵ҲⱣ޳ܵģûô޳ܵġ
öƽϣֱӵһϰɣʡһһʱ䡣
һڳһ㵡
ţ
СӼֱŵûˣ
ѵΪƾɳΪܹһԶࣿпǻһλɳǿأ
Ŵ˻ȴЩӵаϲʶ˸ղųϫɽһĻ˵ﲻǼٵģʱԷȻһеһĨǵʱ١
Զ۹ѰǵֺϷ
ߣСӣδ̫𣿡
룬ȴǼ߳һɲмԶٵģ
ϫЩһֱӵ򲻴򣿲͹
Сӣֱϸҳ飬ôŵǱˣһϣҪ̫ף
ˣǻȻһЦ˻֡
ಡ
ЩѲͣԣһǫ̈̄ʮӰһȥͽϫΧ£һɫɭȻ͸֮ɫ
ˣЩǿ߽Զҡͷѣ˵ɳ˿Щ˵ԵЩˡ
ҪǺܸǸղֺαؿķأϫεؼһ䡣
ͷҳʿ֮죬ɱ
䣡
һƬʢԷƶ䣬ϫ֣Щ֣ûκεĳɡ
Ȼϫ죬һƶ˫һ³֣һһףĥһΪһڰḥ̂ǰѹȥ
顭
Աѣ꣬Ⱥӵһʮɽײϣ׷ײҺŵ˳ȥ
龰쳣׳ۣһ֮£ʮӰͬʱɳ̨ڱѪҺ죬ʱȫ䶯
۾ùԲĿ࣬°Ͷϡ
ԭΪһսȴû뵽һսȻ͸ղһһ֮䣬ţ
Ҫ֪ǿʮǿߣÿΪϣܹ򣬱ȻҲܹưӵε
񡭡ȻֽƵģһɳһ֮׻ˣ
֮ǰ˭õᷢһĻ
ıʣø̨϶Ծǿǵע⣬һЩӰ߷ɳ۶
ϣϣ
ڴʱһӰǪ̇̄һӣʮɫƥŴƬϼϢˣЮһǵâ

ʮһɽ⻹һ
һǿ߾ϸȥǺȻʮڻϼɽÿһƥâɷϢˡ
Ҳ֪ܹɱȻ֮ϣʱͻȻɱ̨֮ϣҪɱϫ·ˡ
ϼɽ
Щɳ̨˽ԶɫһЦѣ֪ˣ׵ҲֻɾΪܷ
룬Ǹꡣ
ϫ۾һиսϲż͵ȼһս⣬Ľ֯ХǰȥӲӭһɫɽ

ƽײһŴĿĹ⣬ϼգɱ֮Ȼɢ̨ϵĽƶ׼ŵನ
һֲּĲǸʵУɽУҲԽԲǧ֮ػء
ϼɽⲻưǿ֮ôУ
ϳһʮĳϼɽɳ
ܿ죬͹˲עЩΪ̨ϣڱһЩޱȵļҶԾ
֮ԺΪǷһɳɳ֮棡


1060 
ܹģ޲ɰϵǿߣһ֮صɰܹӵεģҲ֮ͬеٮٮߡ
Ҳʷϣǿ߿羳ս߲εĶ֣˵龭̨Ϸżʡ
ǣɳ֮ˣȥսһλɳǿߵ飬ȴǺޱȣ˵˵ǧѷꡣ
Ͼɳɳ֮䣬Сһ󾳽磡
ѰĿ羳ս඼һСΣɳսоɺ󾳶սԲ
СսֵģҲʧܸա
֪ưճưʱɳ֮˴˸߳εԲ֣ʱ·ʱ׺䶯һȻ󲨡
һսҲΪǧϵսֱҲʱǿֵ
ڣǵĲһ̨ϣȴһΪ⼫ǿ߶Ծǧ꺱ʱ˸ǿߵĿ
ǿߴ̨ɳ۶
˶¶֮ɫɳǿ֣߳Ҽһ׵ֻֽһɳǿߣ˽ֵùע
¡¡
̨ϣϫɫӿս⣬ȼգӿŭ˾ΰ򣬻˫֮䣬ͶԷʮɽײһı֮
ǵȶײ̫ǿң춯ء
עĿģǳ׵ĳϼɽ籡⣬ɽϼҽӿҵùս˶ľѡ
ɽޱȣһǿһͳɻҽˣӵɾΪϣǵ˾
˸Ϊ𺳵ǣǸɳ˾ȻסˣֿȭƵƵӲϼɽ죬Ұ
Ȼסˣ
⡭ɳܹӵеս𣿡
ܹΪǿܣĶֿһλɣӵһ
С˭ˣӵеս֮ǿҲ˾̾
ߣҵ˻湻ɵģɾΪɱҪҪˣ
ۣ𺳣˱ģ˲ţɫ졣
ߣ
̨ϣۣɫһ羪ף̧һУʮɽۣһ䣬ʮ֮УϼѪȾء
ͬû뵽һɳļһѣȻѶԸԼóϼɽ£ܺԼӲƽɫ
֪׶ŭɳԼǱһɳСˣôһ죬±䶯򣬵ʱֹԼϵҲܵ
ԣ䣡
ಣ
ʮϼɽƿգһɼ̴ĤļХҽĳɫϼ⣬Юſ񱩵ϯȥ
ɲǼ䣬սһÿֲĹƣҪһɱְ
ϫɫ裬͵˫һ񣬴ȵҿ
˫ۼܲ˫ֻǰֳ޴ĺڰḥ̂תɽĦ¡¡Ŀ졣

ϼɽͺڰĥײ𶯣ĥ̻תδ⵽𣬷Ҫһ㽫ɱ顣
˵սδ̫ˣȻǿɱ棬Һ·磬˾㤡
̨ϣϼĽֲͬսʽײŭӿĿֲȴδ˼ϫֺ
ɫԽԽɱ֮ǰ˹תС
ԭΪԸһɳǿߣòϵģ뵽ˣȻ޷Էһ£
ЩɫҲǱþɲͫţԼ۾⻹һɳļһ
ʵǿһɰʮλһӵУҲǰʮ֮С
ڡ
ѵһսȵС㻹
⣬ôܣ
ɫ粻ڷζֵʵȻҪǿ̫ˡ
һУϫȴûע⵽սУйżս⣬̨ϵܷѧԺɰܣֻΪĥսɰϵΡ
ڶǺˣں
䣡
ַĺڰĥ̺ƱǣԽԽߣֱҪڸƬգǳϼɽ赲⣬һʱԿ˲
Ƿ
ĳϫƿСִ򣬸֮֮ͬеİٱ࣬ڸշɵɽʱնɱ飬ָοһ룿
ս񣬳ϫԷսҲʤһѡ
¶ӵгɽ޽֣ɴʱ˿̵ĳϫͬǵɱȣ
㻹̫ɱ֮Ҳˡ
ϫڣƽȼյսһʣ˵ֵʵȤ
仰˵ս֮ǰֻ˶Ϊ֪֪ߵغ񣬵ڣȴ˸ô롣
Ϊϫ仰ٴӿһĨ𺧣жڰ⣬ѵֱҲûƴȫ
ģδ̫ˡ
ˡ
仰Уȴһ㣬̼۾ѪնŤɤзһͺ˳뱩ŭ
ܰܣ
Բܣ
ǰܣҲܰһɳСϣעΪһЦһҲ̧ͷ
һ̣˫һʮϼɽǣʮ𣬽ն飬볯ϫɱ¡
һȫеɫˢ͸üӿһĨŨŨƣ
ָЧҲǼΪ˵ģʮϼɽȼյһգʧɫڳ˾ʵ֮ŵüεѡ
һĲһ
һʱϫеսڼˣδеԼƴһս
оЩġ
ٺͶԷȥָΪն
ˣ
һĨͨ콣ӿ֣һڣҹΪǶɬһѩףǡư磬Ϊͻ͡
ڰڣ㣬һǡĵһ⣬ҹΪĻӿ

ϼһնƲ˺ѣʮϼɽ𣬲ܿƣ˷䡣
һȻĿע£۵һܲ˵ɳ̨δأֽ㱬飬׷ʧ
˴ͣͷƤ飬ڴ˱նʵеش䣬޷𾪺Ȼ
ΪǰһɳУ֮䣬Сһ󾳽磡
ȵɳ֮˻Բǿʱ漣ֲףǿ߲֮ͬĶԾ
ǰһɿ羳һɵһϮ


1061 ս
𾪣Եóޱȡ
Ǻһսñؽ䶯Ӱ쵽ʵС
һɳǿ߾Ȼֿȭһֳǿߣ
֮ǰ˭󵽣
һУϫԵΪƽ˵˼Щڻ֮̽һץͳЩɢĳϼץȥ
һȻЩӵǵԼͷˣЩǡΪԼĲ
Ȼһ֣һεĲͻȻֶޱȵĺ͸һɰϢ׽һץ֮ɢ
ϫͫʱһæ˫һƵƵնŽһն飬Ρ
ֻΪһ飬ʮϼɽٿȻһ磬Զɳ۶ȥ
óϫɫһӿؼâ˸ɨԶ
ǺԼ֣ҲѰǿֵܹҪ˵׾ͽԼĹ߽ˡ
ղų֮ˣȻһλ֣һܹġ
ʣҲڳǿߵĿһʱ֮׷׽Ŀⶼǳϼɽʧĵط
ѣȻʤˣֺαȾָ֮
ͬʱǼԶĵطһ޳ӰƮȻһͷɫƮɢϸ֫䣬ü£ӣ׾¾üһѪ롣
һϮɴƮƮ°͸һʥζ˰͡

Ȼˣֲá
ҵһλ֮Ů˵ЩһֱΪǰ׼ΪС±ţ
꣬С㣬ѵ㲻֪ǳϼɽԭԳɱ
һĨƮȻٻӰʱڳһǿ߽Զһ˽ɫٽԶӿһĨɵ;η
ǿɰǿߣ˴޽֮µĶ۷УɳʱܻԲǿߣ
ӵɺΪʵ֮ǿܹ⡣
ΪУɾǿУǰĽ֮⣬ûֵ֣

ϫҲЩ΢΢һУͬû뵽Լһͻ˿ǰһλڡ
һж޷ĨƽеԼ֮ôƣڽЩ˶ܣҪȡһЩսƷȴӣ˭ֻҲˡ
˵ͷ֮飬̫֣ǸԺ󲻻׷£¡
ȻһɨϫɫͶƽɴһҡҷ°ϵ
ԣԶͷɰĵĴڣǹϷϵļ̳ˣݺͱ׿һɳǸȷΪס
ϵǣϫֱӵô˵ҲܵǸҾͻһֱ׷Ųˣ
ƽһʡ
пһȻô˵δ̫˰ɣѵΪ룬Ϳ޾ˣ
λȻƳ˳ϫһۣɫƽƽһɸ߸ϵĹ°ζ
ҪҪ
ϫ粽ãģƾһǸһʹδҲ̫Լ̫ˡ
Ȼ㲻ԼĶ䣬ָ
ұǺǰҪĨƽһУϾһֱȥԱ˴˶ûкô㲻ܣǾ͵ûɡ
˵ţҡҡͷúͳϫϻҪ뿪
վס
ϫɫƽһ˿ĮȻڶս֮ǰңٳٲܣɱʧȴһ֣δ̫ˡ
֮ǣҳϫǰˣֻ¸Ͳɣ
иɻҲκα粵Ľڣϣʲô
Ե˻ʱԸоϫֱǷˣһٶȥðϣⲻǷʲô
ӵвѷɫͱԾǲܵ飬һǣע԰׶Ц
ι˵ֵܣþհɣ˲ǵˣ츳ٸߣҲһĽ֣ÿſɲ֪ж١
̲סȰϫһЩʵ
ǣѵ㻹Ҫս𣿡
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
٣֪ôĶС׷ôߣűʵУϲ֪ٴˣ
Щ˷׷Цѣм
ЩԴǣϫţֻǶɫƽ
˶ΪʵҲưϵͬԾΪӦýܵǸӦøмһ
Щ˶ˣ֮أ
ҪԷıʵڴͳʧȥڣ֮ﶼֺαǰ
Բ̫ʵĳԣΪλôȥѰ£ΪڴݵĿܣ
ף򣬾Ϊǿ׼һǿ߲ĴڣȴֻһζȥԷıʵʱʧȥ˳Ϊǿߵʸ
ϧǳԵĵ̫ʱڻ˶ʵǰעԵò԰ףɣΪɽ棬Ҳû˻Щ
ϫⱾͺɡ
ܹͬһŷͱĳֶֶ߽е߾ڤ۱׷عֻ֮ڣ߲úΪкñһжھȻĹ֮С
֮Բ˶һŷЩΪ״ʵ̣ʱҲòȥ
ʵ޷ıʱֻȥܺá
ϫʱһԣ֤Է
ۼʵȴͶԷһսΪ򣬼ȻΪĥ¶ʧΣֲɱֻҪʵܹǿ㹻ˡ
ۼʱԳϫԣԵЦˣ˵Ҳɽеĵλжôǿ󣬵ӹɣССһǸ޷֮Ტ۵ġ
ϸϵԨ䱣Ҳֻǳϫʦɽ֮Եһλ̵߶ѣΪӵʸûУ
ԣֱ׳޾η
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Ȼûоʹ뿪һݸЦ߷һĨڽĻȡ
ųϫΪ֮ˣԵάϵ棬ֱҪĸܣղѾڶЩ̫ʴȡԣ벻Ҫˣңעֻܵͷͷͻ
ϫĬã̧ͷֱ³֣Ҫս
ϣ


1062 㲻
ϫƽȴһ
仰һ£һ쫷磬ڸǣڳ˽ԶȻȻҪս

˶ЩԼĶˣ˭Բض˵Ǿվư֮һ
ǰˣɽɳ
¾ڸղţŻɳ룬ʵţ漣ᷢϡ
Ϊ߸ͲͬһεĴڣᲢۣ
ָоֱۿһֻϸɱһֻ׳ĲǣֲҪȥսӥһ㣬˻
ڳ˽ԶʧЦһеһõЦֵһɹԶΪϫΪ˱棬֪֣ԲŸ޼ɵشʴʡ
ͬģ˻ʱҲ΢΢һҲͬɫؿųϫӣ˵֣㲻䡣
ǵģ˼򵥵֣ȴһڳŷûжͣҲҪͣΪǴ˵Ǿ֤Էȷս
һľܾԼʵţҲͬǶԳϫʵһֱ񶨡
Ϊ㲻䣬Ҿܾս
ȳ߱Ҳˡ
ڴˣϫδ¶ʲôӦҲûķŭͲʣͼԴȥ
ֻǿȥıӰ˵һ仰սҵʸ񡣡
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˸оսԶͬͬԶͬ󼰣Ȼ˵ûսʸ񣬾һĽҲҿ´˺ڰɣ
˻֮ԶƮȻȥӰҲ΢΢һͣҡҡͷϫĻ˻ȡ
ܿ죬ͻָƽ١
ԣһСϵƶأȥƽϣ̧˶Էȫ˷ʱ䣬ûб롣
֮ǰ˵һ㲻䣬ôܻᱻӰ쵽
ĿԶǰѶܰϣȻԶԶһֻϷս
ǣȻûӦҾ֪
Զĵطһۣɫ𪣬ü޽ǵ꣬ԶԶ뿪ĵطЦڡ
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ߣһһϮ°ɫۣüĿ߾꣬ԣü
ôѵΪ𣿡ʵ
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ͬҲֻһãǾھŵĹãͬڹϼ֮С
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һ̾ԶѾ̨Ǹˣ˵ĪˣΪҪйΪﲻݵ䣿еԭ򣿡
סˣǵȷδǹ⡣
һǿߣȻҪƣԼľƶûпǹʲôʸȥˣ
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ʱɫѴһĨͣɽ磬ĸɳ֮˻ɳǿߵģ˭ʸȥЦӣ
ƿԣֻǱϫ֮ĶԻעǱʶΪųˣȴЩˣ֮ǰǸ˿Ǵһȫ˾̾漣
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һ뵽⣬жԳϫĲмһɨգɫͬͷȷһòӵ
ˣ΢΢һЦľܾǳһλǿߵľţûдͬ˷սҲûʸȥ
˵⣬üͷһ壬ңңԶ૵ͻȻһԤУ˵ĳ֣Ȼһ˲ĿȻˣŤתưĸ֡
һ˻˵һЦ֮ɵ仰ǴưڶĹ˵ʱǾɲˡ
Щţֻɳѣ֮ҵֻ޽ɵˡ
һ䣺ΪηҪȵ֮
һ㶣Ȼ򣬾ҲԣܻɳǿˣǽڡڣԲ磬ֻ»ᱬǿսȷԳˡ
һ̣г׽ϫҪλãٵ֮
ʱ˵һл֮磬˵ڳ̣ҪսңͬȫҪǰУҲˡ
ЦЦƵᣬ˵һԼ޹صһ
ҪսóԾ
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ἰ֣ɫҲǱ΢΢ЩأãҡͷûĴʮ֮ڣҲܻĶֻ֣ܰǰһǧĴڣܹһ¡
˵̲סһпһƶļһȻԽĴҵǿȫѹ·ռͷʮ꣬ɲ˭ܹġ
˵Ѿܰǰһǧ֮ڣһ֮ҪѧԺʱֻ»ΪĴ޸󶥼ˡ
˵ʱϲɷһĨ̾ۡ
⽭ȷǸ˲õľƶ΢ĩɣȴưһʮܹⱾһ漣漣һֱȥ
Ŀǰһܹĵλ
ͻȻһ̲סʵ֣˵СӣǷսȻڣ˵Ժ󡣡
ʼ磬ȻЦҲһֻʱ֤
˵⣬һȥ̽һ֮ľףܴ̽йϸϣˣֵǸע
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ʱϫΧĿעţԶȥɫȴƽ֮Χһжһ㡣
ԣǸֵκιעĽɫ
ԳϫԣֵͬùעΪʱ䣬ڸղŵһĻĻ֮УҲûʱȥпơ
Ҫȥ̨㣬뵽ɳǿߵĽ֮С
Ϊĥ¼ԵѡԼ൱Ķ֣ԴݺĥԼʵܿһԼƴʱܳưڼˡ


1063 Ӧս
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ǹսǿĿҲֻȰˡ
ҲǣܹǿߣֻưǰһĴڣУɾĸεǿռ˴ĿɲεҪࡣ
ټϾʵ磬ǿҲפڴˡ
ϫβδĦսֱѡһǫ̇̄ϥϣʼȺ
Ǻܿ죬ͷЩԣǿ߲ԸǰսԼ
ô£
ѵԼһɳڣôأ
һʱ䣬ʽ򣬳ϫüͷ㲢ȱǿߣҲʱܹһݣĻ
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ѵҪԼ
ϫ룬̨̨ȥ
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ܿ죬ϫҵһڵȴսǿߣѡĶͬɳǿߡ
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һ󺺣ϫ΢΢һһ㲻ٴ˼Ǿܾˡ
ϫӣԳѣɳᱻ˿𰡡
תߡ
λҪս
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λͬҿȴˣдһ
ǸͻȻЩۣ뿪ˣ´ΰɡ

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˻һҪҪ죬˼ֵܣȥ̨һ֣лһ棬ڲС

һһڣһһαܾϫɫҲһȷţЩ˱ȻǹģҸŽڣΪ˱Լһս
⾿ô£
ϫüĿһһɨ̨
ôһϸȻ֣Щǿ߻ڶԾڹսĿȴػżƳԼһۣɫԶһĨ˵Ĺ졣
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һòӢۣ꣬ɫ𪣬üб޽ǣһĨɡ
ϫüǰİ꣬һݣǸ֣ɬ͸һԲ̣ϵϢΪơ
Ŷ˽Լǹã˵Ӧ˵ȻһЦ̹Ȼ˵
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һУɫŵѵĴȻ˵ֻǲ֪ʱҺ£
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ڷʱ֮⣬Ǻϡϡϵ˶ŲСĳԹǲԾԷжԴڡ
㲻ý䱸ǹżҺҿɲһ·ˡЦЦһϫ˼ģ
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ϫû뵽ɣһʱЩЦԷǵĻС
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ΪɳΪϫʵ
һҪԭ򣬶ЩһԣͬȼĴܣȻûʲôö˵ģһεĴܣͬԽܣǱһ̫Ķִܣǿɾ̫ˣ˵ɨأΪһЦ
٩٩̸ȻһҲΪ˻ɳǿߣ඼Ƿ֮ⲻҵǸ룬Ȼҽս
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ϫоһ̾Щɣеǿ߾ǷʵˣһսҪհǰ˺ηηţɨ˰
ģ죬˶ݡԼưϵ֮󣬾ͻǿս㡣
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ʵһҲˣһǿưϵֱӷӦսĸߵͣǿߣѡ֮ǰҪ˼˼ˡ
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Цлǲˣ˵ô࣬ǲǸø֣ҲͶұˡ
ϫͻȻ֣һﵹҲ̹ϣѵõǲûжӣһϫ
ϧϫΪָ㣬ʱĹøͲˡ
ϫһظһ䣬ȻЦѰɣ
ϫһ£˵ֻҪԺ󲻺ڣȻԡ
ʲôԺ󲻺ڣ
벻ף֪˳ϫ֣Ѿ㣬żҵֻҪ˳ȥȻܴ

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͹һһеĸҲͨ;˽⵽˳ϫ䣬һʱ֮䣬йֵۣѸɢÿһɳ֮УһȻ󲨡
һҹ֮䣬ɽ綼֪˳ϫ֣Ҳ֪һп漣ĶԾ
һԾǷɳɳ֮䣬ɳĳϫʤĻ
Ķǿ룬ֳɱϼɽڳڶǿ߼²ڰ١
ཻڴˣǻȻǣڻ֮гϫˣȻս
㲻䡱͡սҵʸ仰ҲΪǹĻ⡣
֮УҲڸԭгϫˣսȻưڶʮ
ΣһǿǾͺɵһɳǿʱǾ̫ˣȻ
Ƿɰǰһǧ֮ڣҲѰٳɾǿߵӰȻһɳɱǰУȻһԺ䶯µĴ¡
Դ򳹵ױǰеǿĿҲǽڽƶҪһгϫ˵ķɡ
ȻҲĦȭҪܳϫġ
ʱĳϫǷʵУ߳ңҵѽ쾭һи˶Է
ҪѰİֻӵ֮Ľ棬ֻ»ᲨϣСһЩ
ڴˣչֳ˹һŮʮܰػֵͱ춼ûϵ


1064 һ
ڳϫû򷵻ʱ˽⵽һУ˵ڲ̤򣬵пɲȱϵӵܡ
Գϫпǣȴʲô
³ϫǰϡϵӵҲ׵Ҳں
Ϊڸղţź丸㽻̸һΪϷϵ峤ܼ򵥣ɽĵǵϣί
Ȼܣ
仰ǷʣѾ̬ȱ쾡£ǾֻҪϫԼҵϣ˭һë
ûи߳ϫЩΪϫҪǱǿǱӻԣܹ֤ͬ򵥣óϫȥսͱ춼ûϵ
Щӿİпҵıȵȣһȥֿȥִ֣ȫϫȥ
ȴǲϫںսʱȻ˸ӦսһʱЩЦԼļ˵һȺҷϰˣһҲֻ˻죬ѳɶ򡣡
ҷϡ
˵óϫ˹õһ䡰֮аȻȲУ֪Ĺ۵㵹Ǿ˵ơ
ģҰĵĽɫԺֻ農ĵȴսˣǻѡ֣ûս
ʱ۾һҲ֪ʲô⣬ӨԸеĺ촽һĨζĻȡ
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һ¹ʤѩӢ䡢°
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ǳϫʶһ£Ҫģǰѡ֡һڽһ䡣
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΢΢ף°ɡ
ԭǳϫӣԺҪա
ȴǺٺһЦ¶һϻĵطһ䣬ģһ˷ָϢ
һĴڣĵ׿
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ֽ˸ߣŤͷϫЦ˵ʱͿǵıְɣһ
ϫȻʲôãܰθһܲá

һ硣
ϫӴ߳ǳһɲǣܵһǿҵĽͲһžܿڡ
ƫƫֻһ
һ߳ġƺֻҪͱֽܿ硣
ֻһ˿ˡ
ϫһҡҡͷеĳ嶯ϥУֳƣһǽ֮С
һִһ˾
˴ԲѣֱǶСĪ£ּһ̫ɺˣ
ǣһɳǿߵȷ˲𣬵ҶСʴʣ̵ģǱײһҪݺʰһٲɡ
ǡĶ𣿡
ߣǵȻϫĶ֣Ǵ漰СкܶǿĦȭƣҪ£
ˣϽȥ̨㿴ɣȻԣ˭ܴǳϫͽһɱ
ʲôȻֺ£
ߣһȥģʰСˣȻܻúôȻǼõġ

ЩӵۣһƿճԶ̨ӰϫҲһ£һҹ֮䣬˶ʼԼ˳˰
ܿϫѹս˱ܵĳһȣǺοģЩ˷ܡ
ж֣ܱûǿ̫ࡣ
ϫָоܺսһпץסһԾڵУ
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ԶԶأδϫͿǵеһ̨ǰΧһӰ벻ϰ֮ڡ
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ּپ͸һƥİ
Գϫĵ˿̴Ҳסݺһ鴤⡭ĸðˮļһɵģ
ȷӦĿⲻһƳֿһϱдţ˵㲻Ͳ䣬䲻ϫ˵㡣
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ⲻǶ䲻ͨɳϫȴˣɫʱЩ죬Уһ˵ȻǣսѡԼѡҲС
ڶͲýˣӵܵġ
Ƕ˵Ǿ䡰㲻䡱ķ
Ȼ󣬳ϫڿһеʼٸߣȻ¹ʤѩ°񣬺ͼɢһζ
һﲻ֪һʯӣ̨ǰһҪΪϫһսģ
һ£ϫҲףΪ˽Լˣƾһ֣ܴ̼Щӵܷ
ټһĽһ䡰һܡƣӵܲսû˲
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ϫԿЦַʽǵȷǿսԼҲǽԼΪеľˡ
ڴʱȻԶһӰ֣һӢ˳ϫһࡣ
꿴ϫһ͵ָųϫŭϫ
Ҳ֪ĶԳϫŭ⣬һִһĨ̶ļ
ৣ
˻һڳȫʧΧһƬž
ϫܹܵˬĿ⣬ˢˢɨԼϣ˴棬ҲЩ΢΢Ĳڡ
ܿ죬ͳȻƳ˸ղŭһۣ㾶ֱ̨ˣҲֻӭս²̨ˡ
ϾŸԼˣֻô˼ԼַʽޣҲܵˡ
귴Ӧɫˢһ±ףаûڲѣԼֵֻģ˵ҲܰĽòɱϾֻǰĽôѪͷ˵˳ϫأ
ϫһȻĳˣ
ǳϫһΪʲôͷ۵ģԭҲƽ
һҪģȻС㣬Ϊ׷֮һҰˣ
һܣǺôĿҲͷ
㣡ҪϫսŵĶ
ʱһǿҲӳлָ׷Ⱥ鼤ܣһʱԵ֮
ϫڴˣţֻϥ̨ϣһᴦһС

Ȼһ̹°ֱ̽óһ˶Ļͭӣݺ˼£Һըľףأʱͽ֮û
氲˽Զüһ湻ġ
ٺ٣λģѼ˰ɣǣؾǹأսҼҳϫӣܼ򵥣ģսʸ񡣡
ˣٺһЦ㼴ƿڣȻʸһжҪҼҳϫϡ
ͣһһϫӣĵ˼£Ҳ˼£üͷٴνࡣ


1065 ִݻ
ģ˶ɢϢ
һˣصǵ߶죬Ǹһǿ߽Զ޲ñһ١
û취һһǷģ
ϻˣϽүһ㣬Ҫսⲻ֪Ķ
һ󺺷ֿȺݺݵһۣвζʮ㡣
ٺٸЦһһǸ쵱ȷưϵҼҳϫ֮ϣ
ǿɫһͣݺݵôţ;Ͳսˣ
Ƥһ޵һ˿ĭЦ趺أûʸװʲôװϽÿӰ˰
󺺲Ȼɫ䣬ָ⹷˵һ飿
ôˣ
ȻŤͷ絶ɨ¹ʤѩ°Ӣһɸַ緶ϵֺţҲ߱żԡ
ǿɫ䣬Ƶʱֹһת߽Ⱥ
仰˶УʱһݣȻϫôӵܽа壬ԭڰ֧֡
ūϫһ棬Σ
ʱһǵ漴һӰ߳ȺҰ֮Сĵɫװ͹µĹյ쾡£ؼ·¶һƬѩס
ٸ߸¶ѩ׵Ķ쾱Ϲ޵Цݣջ
΢΢һ
Ů˾һ使Ұõ壬ұţܰ˵ĹͷڻǿߵĿǱûȺһЩŮƣ׷װһŮ
ǿֱˮһĿⷢɿڶԷ˵˫϶ݺ˼ۣɫжǣģҪжж
λѣĿūҺúء
Ůһۣüͷ΢룬΢΢һͦǰһƬѩ׵ĽڳһڸѪڡ
ĺȻأѪæٺٸЦԭǻˮɳǵϱС㣬Ϲڶٶʮλսһ־˫Ȼܺɶֲܳ㡣
˵ţӲ˲ˮȻһȻϢȴôҲβס
ԣϫȴһԼоڵйشŮһЩϢ
Ȼ
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ȥɡˣŤͷɨϱһۡ
ӴӢС磬Ϊ˺ͳϫд裬ūҵǺһء
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˵ʱϱȻ̨ϣҡҷˣΣͣɨųϫ
ϫӣūʵսֻʶһ£˵ܽһԵأһºòãȻգգ۾һĨ̬һֻСֺƵġ
á
ϫشĺԥƽֱӡ
ƵۿʱһίģվϸںڵĽë΢ȻΣսģǳŮѰټżˡ
䣡
ϫٿȻһؾΰ㣬һ˸һ˸ߣת˲䱼󣬶ɶ֣һƺƶȥ
Ůˣ̨һɲ𣬾ͶȻ֮һһĪһĵĹƻʣ˷ʤ
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ǿߣܼصģֻҲᱻòĴѪڣϧһжԳϫá
ĵΪѴﵽˡĻꡱ֮ﲻȾģûԸͽ͡
ԣϫֺܹϣᶨ
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ϷһĨɫſڹֽеһپʮ壿
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1066 
Ϊһеٮٮߣӵų󼰵츳˵ΪŽֻɳսڼеĵλȴܹȡ
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һԣٺЦŴԲ˵ɫǴϺ֮ɫҲһĨζ
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һսԼ׳գִǷȻ꣡

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ʵϣǰ֮ڳҲʶҪϫսʱҪѭĹء
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нԶԼͬͬһͷǸУ


1067 ȭ
ͬʱǰ壬սһ
һѶսָ֮޲ⷨսΪҡ
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ƽɫɣΨһ۾ԽԽʽܼ򵥣޻ɣȴޱȣٽϹǡйϫҪ֮ء
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˵սԶǴɱ¾Ѫĥ¶ڷϣԴ¯ĵزӶԵøɾֱӣġ
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ϫ϶˿ڣѪ죬ƽҲòϵ˿٣ȴȳϫҪࡣ
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ƽӿֳһĨȻԨƣƽʵսʤ㣬ͬܰս
ߵĶԻδΧһǿ߶Уȴһס

۶κǿ߶ԣͬͨǸ߲ʵɽϵһҲ޷ԽɽߵĲΡ
߾ԳƣֻҪܶԷսŵ̬βĽ
ڣϫɳΪܻɳǿߣΪһ¥սֻ٣
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ƽͬݣܵһѹֵϢҳɣһԾȭƱǣ⡣
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һͬһ޷ȵƣ̨нƷɺøǿɫ䣬ܿƵص˳
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ʵȽɾǿߵĶԾ֮С
𺳣Ŀȴ̨ϣܿ죬̳ɢţ̨ϵ龰ӳ˵Ұ֮С
ϫƽԶղŰԭأɫԶ԰͸½ԶһѪۡ
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˻һԾʲôƽΪҪ䣿Īʲôɣ


1068 
ӦӵɱģΪβã
ϫʵƽ䣬ͬ΢΢һ
ռ˺ܴˣοֲɱսҵĵƱԼķǵɱ򲻻ʹá
ƽĻشܼ򵥣˵ʱֵ˵ˣ򵽽´һս
ϫ˵ͷ˼
ƽĻشʶɰվɰ񣬺ʵеɱ޹ء
˶οüأƴһжøͬҲ˶οüֻΪĥʵԼĵƳױ¶
ƽǺһˡ
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Ψгϫôȥƽ϶ĲԼΪԼ֮Ļꡱزۼս־ƽԼ֡
֮ľ磬ĵĻꡢӤĴ׶Σ˼Уܴﵽļޱĵܹ֮ﵽһҲһСˡ
ɽҲͬˣĵ֮߾Ӷܹ࣬Ļꡱȴ֮١
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ƽҲʶһ㣬ԷżΪϵ䡣
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ƽ뿪ΧŴӸ˼ѹһʱ֮䣬̨ϳϫǾӰĿнԶЩ𾪡
һսǿ߶Ծûһ˿ٿԣϫƾɳ֮ˣܹɰһپʮλƽνǴǵĹ֪
Ҳ㳹ףԭһдžȻģԳϫսȷԿԽ󾳽ɳǿˣ
ЩҪܳϫҲĵʵǰ΢ࡣ
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ѰɭһЦģһһֱţǲ
˵ţ̧ͷ̨ϵĳϫˣ´ǰʱһ򱬣Ϊ׳գԣҪСˣ
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ǺԼе뷨ҲӲ֤ԻܳϫǺεȵţ
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ˣΧҲ뿪ŽһУԶЩ಻סе˷ܣ׷뿪
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ϾֻǳһͨС֮УܹưʮΪףҪڰٳ߸ͷһҪһΪ֧š
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ӣڸղţУʱĵһٻˣ
ʲô
ӷ͹Ȼһ뾪


1069 ֮
ʰ֣֮
һϢ쫷һ㣬һǴޣһƬȻ󲨣𺳡
ȳ̶ȵذϢ£ϫƽһսٹע
ԭڣʣ֪ư񶥼⼶ǿߡ
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һǴڽĴڣɹʻܣǰУβ𾪣
һЩϢ֮ͨԣ֮ǰ׼սڶĹֻһ֮䣬ĵϮˣ
һʱ֮䣬Ļ⣬˲£ŵĻ⣬Ϊֵ
ͬʱճϫս飬ҲǱĳЩ֮ͽַ˳Աȡ
С󣡡
ߣһﻹСʸսһﻹǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ȡˣС֮ŮעΪɽеһֽһ֪ľܹ֮սģ
̫ᰡ˵ս⺷ԶѰǿߣɵɳʱСֻѽߵĲˣһֻҲ׷ˡ
ޣҲΨһĽڶĹܹСһϳ̡
ۣ޾ǧɳеÿ䣬ԶЦϫݺ
һҹ֮˼£ͻ£ɽ̾
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Ҫչأھ磡

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һ뵽⣬ϫ̧ۣһĵڶ
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ϾɷһһϦܹ쵽žŵ񹂣ɲģҪµʱ䣬׼ʱҲҪˡ
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ٴμʱԷɫЩ֮ɫóϫһԼоԷƺЩء
ǰЩӴƽʱҲܸ
ҲûϫЩƵø磬һսΪ׿ĴڣһԲȤԭҪսڶĹȴܣһܣʿҲŲٵĴ
ϫȴǲ岻졣
ƺҲ֪ͳϫ˵ЩɧҲûʲôһתƻ⣬ôˣ
ţҴչһЩӣǰ˵һϫ˵
Ǿͺá
ԣ¶һĨĵϲã㰲ıչؾˣЩ޵ѪʯĿԶԶȴʱһ𽻸㡣
ϫ˵ͷͻȻǵҶ˵Ǿ仰һ֮ڣҿ϶
˵գת뿪
ԭأųϫ뿪ıӰãԸеĺ촽߲ɷһĨЦ⡣


1070 ŭӭս
λƣϫϴκ棬ǹȥһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ŵĻ⣬Ȼ֮⣬ưǰʮη˲Сı仯
ԭӷ壬£ǰ֮УھŵĹҲǻߵ˵
һԭڹú֮ĵڰбһ˵ھ
䶯ͬ˴Ŀ
ʱܣҲǽھǲζưϵĵλᱻϡϡҳԽ
Ͼϸ۲Ļʱ䣬޼ҵӷ塢ҵżҵĹÿɶٴΣҵʺ˫˫һȻѰζ
ȻЩ֮⣬һΪעǾǷһǰϫѰ֮һԾֱҲû
ѰһֱУɳϫȴټ
һЩ뿴֮ȻЩʧʧ֮ǲ֮ǲмм̲סɧ
Ǽһòηս˰ɣ
˵Ѱڽ֮ǰڵһʮս֪жǿˡ
ߣԭΪֽһλ˲὾ӣгϫСЩˡ
ʱƣϫòҲ࣬׷Щϫηս

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ʱǳУϸѱϵĽ
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ñǾ߱޽ǱķĻѲƷˣ
ϫĿзһĨ֮ɫת뿪ǳ硣
ڶҲξ֮УΪ׼͵ռѪʯͿʼƹؽ

ѰҪѳϫ򱬣׷Ϊ׳գ£ϫȻǵá
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Ҫǰˣ֪ϫʱɫЩ΢΢Ĳڣһš
ϫһ㣬ȴûʣֻǵ˵ͷ
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ҪծȻǵսʱĹأӵսȽһʯֻϫû뵽ҾȻɳ顣
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ҡ
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ϫǧҪ嶯ʮһܹ⡣̲סѵ
ϫͷҲûأȻֳ嶯ֻЩ£̫˾ͱ븶ۡ


ǳϫ̤֮Уֻǰȴһɱ⡣
ಣ
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Ӿ͵Լˣֻȫ˸𣡡
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ЩһƺԼܰ
ͷڳϫһͱ֮ԺԶ̨ȥ˴ǰȻԼӭսģѰû뿪ã
ܿ죬̨ǿҲ˳ϫϢһӶ̨ȥһЩԭ̨ڽжԾǿߣҲ׷׷սŤͷ˹ս֮С
ģȻˣ߷ģȴϫɡ
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ǽʱ䣬ΪٳٲѰԾһֱеȴſֵǿ߶Ϊͬ˲ٵķ顣
ʱڸðͷˣȻȫ䶯
Եϫִ̨ϣͿһȺӰһԼս̨Χ£ˮйͨΪ׳ۡ
һˣй
ߣҲû˵ѰҪ򱬣׳һ
˵ˣ˼ô죿ܣѰˣǻʲôϷɿ
ӵ˷ȴ޷Ӱ쵽ϫľĿֱԽˣǰ˵Ѱϡ
ԷԵúƽµȴһʱ䣬ƺҲûнĺĹ⣬ϫִֻɭȻһЦ¶һЦݡ
СӣһҲˣɡһ仰ѰתһԾ̨
ϰŸʲô̲סϫ
ϣ
ϣ
ܿ죬һǿҲгͬγһƬ뻮һһΨ²ҵϷʿģ
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һսͻĮȻ״̬޷ӰģЩսĥ³һսʶһֱܣ


1071 Ը
ϫĲƽݣδκ죬ÿһһɳ˵
忡ˣǲ쳯̨ȥӰΧӵһõ䡣
ֱϫ̨̤ʱΧѻȸš
գκ˶ûԤϵģžׯ࣬һѹֵϢ
ȤȻϢ֮䣬Ӱ쵽Χ˵ľɲѰܹ֮ġ
Զ˫һƾâȻѣųϫ򣬱ҲѶǡÿһĻ
־Ψжսרעһ֮ŻơơӰҲӲ֤ϫ־֮ǿ󣬾Գ󡣡
ӷĿ˳ϫִ̨ʱ̱仯˵ʱǲƵشһĨп
־Ȳ֮УҲǼΪȴһڵϣҲɲ̾
һսڣһսҲ֪һսǿˡóĿȴһֱԶ̨
Ҳڴ
ӷЦЦ˵Ѿңұȡһ£ˣ޼ҿҲǷȱĺš
ԣ΢΢һУȴǲٶ˵

ϫ̨̤֮Χγһ㣬һɳŵѹһʱϫĿⶼࡣ
ǺղԼܵһƵӰ죬ϢֱʱŷӦ
һƣڳϫϣ
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˵Ȼ
ԣΧϸµļţһ԰⣬ԶʧЦҲǵʱࡣ
ɳϫԣĿȴһ䣬˲׶ԷֻѾ֪ˣϵ
ʼٸߣ֮ˣ
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ΧǿĿϾӣҡҷ
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ѰŽڲãҲֻܴ嵽طӡˡӷһԲڣһ£ǳϫͽಫҪܾˡ
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һѰֵն٣ЮһǵϢһļХ֮
һƿ񱩣ᣬԵ֮ǽľ跢ӵ쾡¡
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ʵκһֵԶӸ£ͿǷͨóˡ
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⣬ҲſԷһֵ֮¶ѣ
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ѰһЦٴγֵɱ絶ս˫Եˡ
Ը
ˣϫҲ붯ˣ³ĸ֡
δ䣬ǰ޳Ƽ䣬ѶһڰƵĹɽߣƽƽ档
ϫƼһɲǣȴһ𵴾Ľ쳹
ǲһɱĽڴ˿̡ʣ


1072 ׻
糱쳹ʮأ
ܴʯ̵˶Ĥʹ类һڵıļϢ
ǽƣ
ǺȻû뵽ϫȻҲóӵƵɱ
ʲô
ֻӵϽ׵ܣ
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ͬʱԶĹбâϳʲôȴΪĳЩԭȴȷϣԵЩɲ
ȤʵȤ
һԣӷҲտȻƵƵ˸ݣĿųϫɽǲϴһ˿һ
ϣ
һХϫֽɫɱ罣лߣһնʢ嫵ĽǡƵǺӣѹȥ
һײϸ鵶âϯ˷̨һƬ֮ء
Сеɽƺ
Ѱɭ͸һĨ£ҲӳϫĽϳЩʲôЩš
৵һϫٴһնͲԷϻĻᡣ
һ֮ǰȫ̺ͬˮط򣬽ˮཻڣ໥ĦײһƬ𺣱ӳأεΪ׳ۡ
ߣֲܰͬڣԲϧ̫
ѰһһҲٲҷģ粽͵һһն
ܹһնʱǴɽϻ굶ĵϣһһضܵķͼÿһƾͱһأ
ͼʱЮתͷųһٵˮɫ׵磬죬Ŀ
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ͬʱϫҲһУǱԷ㣬ӶԷǵϷܵһ˿ϤϢ
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ӷΪȻüֻģǳϫЩֵס˵ɻشģп츳Ϊƽӹ֮
˵ЩʲôĿ͵رһĨâңңԶ̨ϣһֱУһĨɫӡ

񱩵ƿնľ紵óϫԣŨܳ裬һɿ񱩵ĵƣ̼һʹ
Ȼȴκεľ֮ɫĿⷴ۽йȼա
սڷڣ
һ׼ȼĵս⣬Ϊ˶̻ĵ׵ŭҲڴ˿Ϥ
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ų⣬һȻĪֱһȼյգҪڿն𣬹ء
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򵥶һǳɣˮһ˿̻Ϣ
˵һ̺ˮӿ֮䣬ͬʱһĨٵİ쵽һ֣ʢԣɽӡ
һʱΣʱʱ󣬷âҫ˫ִ̺򣬳ڳ
һնһɲǣƥĽ飬ʧ

һȻʧĿע£һ׽ѰһâһնΪ˺һƬһɡ


1073 ¾֮
ȫ𺧣
һַ̺֮ĽǿУҲֻһЩΪĴڷʩչ񣬾ȻһڵС
һӲѰһƿһΪֱţ
ѰԣǾûһ䣬ͫţëȻ
ôܣôܣ
ۼһƲֱԼնѰ͵طһ赶ն
ȻղһѺĵһǱˣ˵ջǱֵֻһͽ뿪̨֮ϣ
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ѰӰһζ͵ɫһףһѪһǱŤһƬдŨŨš
˻Ȼ
ڵѰȻһ·磡
ͬʱʩչַʣ޵ǿУѰҳ
þ̾ϫıͬϣǿǿԶҲ˿伫޾
ΨĴеһУܹѰٳֻǿϧôˣ
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һʱ֮䣬̨ԣһƬѻȸţһӵս޾׵ˣԼǰϵꡣ
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1074 粨
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ȷúͶԷЩ飬ΨʱƾԴǣֻԵò԰׺
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ˣҽЩ̫ˡڴʱһʵԶ


1075 Ϸ
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ߵĹúӷ塣
߾ǰãŷֱˢưϵΣȻټϸԱһ֧ţ벻ʶѡ
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һʱ֮䣬ϫĿУԶ˸поֻ̾һ㡣
ҲԣվɱˣҪ飬ʵвѡ񡣡һЦʾңңƳ˳ϫһۣ߰ͷ­ת뿪


1076 ֮
뿪ڳ˵ȴٳ޷ƽ
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ԶԳϫԣľ̫޴Ͱ׳գЦ֮Բʲô

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ΪԼдʵɰĶ󣬵Ҳȼü֮
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ˣȻһһ˵ܹưǰʮ֮У󹦲ûķ
ͬҲɱƵĲֻòȱݣɼˣΪƴ˱ҲǸ˼ĴۣѾһŬӵ
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ʱҲʱпܹһԼսֻ»иߣϧҲֻһѡ
Ϊ󲢷ѰϵɱַһִУضϵͣҲֻĥһƤëѡ
Ҳѵһźʱϫһָı׶ˣʱ»һС
͵ʶʲôһ˿ųϫ㡭
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仰Դ绮һ磬͵ʲôѵ㻹÷֮
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ϫһŷЩĿƿɻʲô𣿡
ϫһҵȻãʲô֡ģһԴ૵ôˣɽĴˡ


1077 Ϲ
ʱģЩԵɵɵСŮԸк촽΢⣬Ϲһ˿գĻһ˿Ůǿ
ϫˣӣʵԼֻ˷֮ѣαؼģ
ƿ˼˸ۣû˱˻ԡ˵⣬̲סĿ
ϫͷȻǿԵġ
õȷ𸴣۾һӱӯӯ粨ųϫڴ֮ɫ
ڵΪȥһϫʼ磬˵
һЩʧ̲סҧҧӨĺ촽̾һЩ̫ˡ

ȳϫ˵꣬ûһۣлֱ˵꣬Ҫ϶ģһһͣ˿̫ˡ
УǴһĨ֮ɫǾԸеգΣɢһɾ˵Ȼ
óϫҲһ˽룬Է޾ףһĶǵ˻棬ûоľԲˡ
Ҳע⵽ף΢΢һɿȣɫѻָȴһգԼȻʧ̬ˣ󺦵ģ
ϫҲѹоЩ΢ֱӵ޷ƣ԰
ȻָԼӣң
ϫͷЦҽƵķŴ㣬Ϳˣ
һʲô𣿡
ҪҲǺɽĲ֮أ˵ңšޡңҲûʸ䴫С
Ϊǵ棬Ҳֻɽ֮Ե̵ߣ״ӣĿܻȴУ
ϫһƳͲµеĵǣЦָֻѣַ˽йʲôţϵ󡣡
ųһɣ˵ʵϫִҪƷķŴڸҽܣΪɽĴпɲܹȾָġ
ϫ⴫ţܰ⣬Ȼٺòˡ
ϫûڳɣҳһöհ򣬽йļ֮һһ¼ϣȻ󽻸
ֺͳϫһ󣬾ͻ𼱻뿪ˣһ޲ҹ¼һģ
ϫȻҲ顣
ûٵʱ䣬ϫֱǳ磬ʼ޴
սڣΪ϶ʱʱͻƣ԰˼֮ϡ
С֮⣬ŷ硢סǳࡢ컯˰١ȵȴ壬ҶﵽԲ֮
ڱ˶ԣ֮ǰҪմ壬ҽԲ磬ܹ쵽̼ΪۼϾ˭ӵôߵĲεԵġ
ڴ˿̵ĳϫԣҲֻʱĳ̶ѣѲκεɬ谭
Ҫģ硢ִ

ҴУƻͨ
ҼУƷ
峤ٹһӾͻִʱ򣬴߽һλߣ΢һ㿪˵ǱߴϢѹһǰδˡ
٣ϹԴ֮λãӵǱԽԽ˰Цֵȥɡ
ߵ˵ͷ뿪̲ס峤Ҫϧһд۱סǳϫ𣿡
㵭Ƴ˶Էһۣ˹ôʲô𣿡
߳šޡĴң̫񣬱˴Ҳսɽ֮йϵǳ
˶٣˵Լе໥żгԹҲССֶѡ
˴ΪһϫǴ󶯸λ𣬾ⲻһдҪ֮Կֻ»᳹ҵжԵ״̬ǶҿЩ״ˡ
㾲һУβȻҡͷ׵жΣѵΪһϹ
߿Ц峤Ӧ֪ҲǴ⣬ֻǲ̼ѡ
ˣ˼ϵУǲǴ඼ôΪģ
ߵ˵ͷ
ǡԣҡҡͷһʱ֪ôˡ
ŵϸһĨ֮ɫֵ͸ǣϻҵһҲҪסϫ˭Թԣң
ϾȻԵðԵ֮
һף峤Ҫϫˣлʲô飬ȴٶʣҴ뿪
ں߸뿪ãӰڴǰ˻δǴ˹һ˿ϲãףҵİ취ˣοһҪң
ŶģҼǵЩҵ˸ְ취ȴûһγɹģкüθǲ˵ġ
㴽߷һĨЦ⣬٩һ䡣
һ죬ϸһĨȻ֮ɫߵξԿԳɹ
Ц⻰˵֪ٴˣҶ䶼ϼඡ
˵ţյһڣŵҲã֮ѱǰҲϹʲôΪϵļ̳ˣҪʵǿҪȡͲġ
˼ЩһԼģʱЩˣ˵ģ
΢΢һһڲˮЦúúã˵εķǴĸлõģ
Լ
ڵ٩Լգֽ̧˹ȥ
ѾͷҲ̫ûûСΪһֽ̧ӹĿһȥͻȻȻֹ
ɫҲǱ
ף
κɫǱ֮Ҳ˲õ٩տȻüͷ΢壬
Ǵģ
֮󣬵̧ͷʱɫѴһĨ֮ɫ
ȴǲԣأӣ΢̣һ֪˵ģ
ЦѾͷأϽ˵ǴģƲⲻεȷпܽһ
˵ɫѱ
ˣе˲٣Ҳǳϫҵġ
ž
һ£յ棬ˤķ飬ȴ˲ЩòɽйطļŰɣ
в޶ϲãǴ𾪡
ǣҿûȾָǵȷţǳϫҵṩļš͵֪ˡ
һǾͺãɽķţȷȾָɽУвΪ̰ͼɽա
ʲôû˵ȴ֪صġ
ĺܺãǳãֱãͻȻЦԽЦԽ
΢΢һЩ²׵˼
˴ЦĪʲôϲ·ɣ
ڴʱٿȻһͳһһȴһɶصɣ쳹һ㡣


1078 ˿
ͬʱһڡ
޼ҵ޶ޱ鿴׵ӷ壬Ҫһ͡
޶Ӱݣüëϡ裬һͨͨߣɵһڣȴһɺòİ
ǿݵڣ̲һɽӵܡ
׵ӷɫƽûв޶̺һ˿ŭ⣬΢΢һЦףβδΪǳϫֵô
޶ޱ飬ӷ塣
ҪһͣʲôֵòֵãϾΪһˣҽǲ޼ҵ档
ϫ츳սԶѰϵţ񣬻ͷһμ˾޵
ӷҲԼ׵飬һͽ͵ȻҲˣҲֻܵ£ͽɵӢɵҿеıʱע⣬ӣ
˵ţ̧һʩչһ۳һƬӨӨϼĹĻϱߺȻһɽ
ɽڹӣߣִһֻ޳Уֵն̬Լܿǽ֮ϣӿܷƣ⣬ʢĿ
޶ĿƶϾ
ӷ岻ٶԣȴ֪Ը׵ȻԷֳһЩߡ
ȻƬ̺޶ĿһĨ֮ԣһͻȻӿ֣ˡ

һһ٣͸һ𾪣װ㼤ڿ֮С
ԣӷҲǺݺһ֮ǰҲֻǻɣֻ߰˳ɰȷϴ˱׿ȷϣ֮࣬ҲƾһĨɫԭȻƲǰ㣬ģ
ȷǷܻͼѰɱܹ⡭
޶ϸһϧվ۵ĹĻ沢ʵҲ޷ϳİ
ȴȷǾһ
ѵƿ˴֮޶Ҳ֪ʲô΢Уૡ
ԣӷ֪ˣףǾԲܹƶֻѽ¼ˡ
˶٣ֹң޼ҡżڣֱҲԶδշļ֮
Ŷ޶üȻѵΪ˱˼ģ
ӷǡ
޶üͷȻΪ˻̫ʵʲô
뿴
ӷóһö򣬼֮󣬳ֳһĻĻ棬ȻǰЩӣٰһ龰
ϣһ忡վ̨ϣֳַʣ赭дʣͽ£̲ʮϢʱ䡣
ĻٴһǳֳǺա쾰󣬵ǳܲҹĻ֮£嫣ǻ硣
ˣеĹĻʧ
޶ȴ˳˼֮Уþò
߽һκηʦԣԿƶܹڶʮϢƳģȴ֮٣ܹ˶ʱھƳǺաģǷĴУҲһܰ쵽
ӷ建ڣɫڸпɳϫ쵽ˣƾڴˣŰԱϼӵ׷ơ
˶٣ףòˣϼ棬ɽ֮ߵһλ̵ͯӣ޾һֱɽ֧ϵеԾӡ
ôһֱĴҷУܳһλʦȴ˳ϫС
˵⣬ӷһۺһУҸоϫ²ɽӣҲȻɽĳǻδֵĹϵ
ʱ޶Ǵӳ˼ѣһ֮ӷĿڱˣһĨͣ΢˼ܣӷ壬Ȼˡ
ġ󡱣ȻһְһϿɡ
ӷһϲ֪õ׵жôףС񣬸׶ָͣͷĹ
˵д֣οҪˡ޶пһݺ͵λҲһĨۡ
˵⣬һתӷͷĲ㲻ܽǳϫ£޼ңܹһԵҲ㹻ˡ
ӷЦЦæǫã֪仰ԼΪ޼Ҽ̳˵ĵλǽһ
٣ҰƥȥʦȥˣҺڴ˲¹ͷļһʲôӦˡ
޶Ҳ֪ʲôЦ
ӷͻȻʵףҲƲ⵽˳ϫļֵڣֻ¶Գϫ̬Ȼᷢת۰ɣ
Ʋ⵽Σ˵ģǰ˵ˣǲͼʲôֻὫһлĨ
޶򵭵ѣͬôϾ˭Ҳ֪ǳϫ˭ֺɽʲôϵɱΪɱ֮ȻҪеһЩգȴ׵
һɽҪأӷ̲סʵ
˶ˣȫһ򣬰ѵһϣƽϢɽŭ𡣡
޶ڴȻϫɽ״ӣôҵĽֻһǾ塣
˵赭дȴӷһľɽĴ澴η
ֻ֪֣صĵͳ֮һۼɽ̵֪Ҳڱ棬ɼˣȴ޷赲ɽľη
ǸԭĴ޵Ȩƺ죿Ҳվֻɽ֮Ե̵߰ˡ
˵ȴоǳϫɽˣԻĹʱ񣬿ɴû˵ɽ״ˡ
޶̾һΨԼɽв֪жݺ֮Ҫɽ֮Уȴһܵô컯
УĴޣеӵܣ
ôǸֻڵˣôɽӣɽӣܳޣ
Щ޶ûӷ壬ͬӷղ˵´Ӳɽ״ӣܹڷӵ裬ܹһķпܺɽŲٹϵ
ԣ֧ӷȥ£ͽɳϫ

ͬʱУҲһĻ
̸ֻĶ˹żҼ͹á
Ϊż֮ҡκУӲˮ
˹ôϢֱİִƴȨһ죬ԣЩԼϣǶǴһĥ°ˡ
˵գͰѹˣȻԷĿеԥ֮ɫ
СӣЩ飬Ȼˣֺαηηţǻ̫ᰡҡҡͷڴ̾Ϣһ
ЦˣΪõͬ⡣
ңͬڴǰʦֻᱻǸЦصļһӦˣ


1079 
⴫һЦʱʱЦݣɫ»ָһĴݵ
ҲһЦΣޱ飬
һȽĽŲڴһɫ멣ΰӢӺݵĸߴ˽
лǺЦһԻĿ缤䣬Ͷ֮䣬ɢһǬɽӰơ
ҵѣ
һλȨʥɼǿߣ
߽һʱ΢΢һ㽫ĿֱתƵ׵ϣЦֲҲɣ
˵ȴ֪ѾͷȻڴˣֻҪСۣܴԸˡ
ΪҲ˽⵽гϫˣƺһִ֮УҶ伫άȻ֪ȻҲǵõϢҪֹԼǳϫ
ѲģţֻҪ㹻Ĵۣ㲻ͬԼֻǸ󱲶ѣ뿼̬ȡ
˵ﻰ㵭ЦЦ
ѺֱһϯУпˣԴϼ֮λһֱ²ûлǰݷ֣˸п
ЦЦΪϾǰ᣿
ҡͷϾλҪֻҪɣͬС
Ȼִ̣˻ܳ
ȴɫһ֣࣬뿪׿ϣ޷ɡ
ɫƽŶǾ˵˵ǰͷΪ֮Щ飬Ҳò˵ĸܣߣҿҲΪ
ַģ¶ԣҲ֮ͶѡЦȴǰһϺ֪꣬˵
ԼԼ⣬ްʾܽϫһḶһһΪ⡣
ˣҪˡ
ˣҲ¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫȴδ̸ʲô˼ֶѾͷİ
Ȼ
֪ԷΪλһ˵ûǫ飬ȻһЦԵ˵Ѿ߱һʣ⣬֮ڣУΪɽĵֽ
˵⣬ʼ磬һεģ˵ҪܲӦ
Σ̸ֹ֮ȴԺοɼǺεȵء
ֽ
ԣһֱԱ߾̲ס͵Ц
Ȼϸ΢֮ѺεһʥɣȻһȴ治ɫ벻⣬ɹһĨԺοЦݡ
ϵܲãôӦҲ֮УĿŭˡ
Ϊ֮Ǹеġ
ʱЦǿҪϲˣͷȻ̰ƣȴǶ֮ʥɳǣҲû˭ܱȵˡ
ѹһЦֵʲôϲϲֻҪ֮ͬǰ󣬱Ƕˡ
ͻȻͲֻЦпѡ
ѼˣһϺ꣬ȻǲӲӥһ´ǣЦͬ⣬มеһɽһƷΪҽӹܡ
ԣҲһһʼֵǵĲƸûǴมɽһɽУ̺źнɲİ쵽ۼֵʮʯֻ࣬١
һһһƷĻȷ֮Խһͨˣ
ϹҲµѪԼǲύϫġЦѡ
Ŀ⿴㣬ȴЦеģϾƷǲ˵вݸɲ١
Ѽˣüͷȴ΢ɲ壬ٴοڵ⣬һḶʮ߽ɲģԼһƿˮ
˵ԼоЩۣ߽ɲ⼶ɱƷΪȻԲƴֵҶԣʲôҪǽˮ
ˮֺųơ۹ɽʳһΣܿǻ⣬Դĸ֮Գؿʱܹ𵽲˼á
߶ԣģҴֵ󣬿󣬾ӵٶƸҲռ
ɲЦеģкε¶һĨȤȱȱ֮ɫԵЩ޾ɡ
ЦصĻ쵰Դûݺҧһڰ
ѴǶסݺݳ鴤һ£һҧóɱ޲ϵϡ֮
ϧ㻹ǲΪ΢Ʋһ򷢽лӵģ
ˣд֣ǿûЦЩڣ֪ˣҲӦóϫ͵͵ǰʶһ
ɫЩˣ֣ЩԱҵĳˣ֪㻹ʲôҪûУ˵ҲùҲһ
յһڲ裬ҡͷ̾Ϣһȴǲԡ
϶һԶԼģǲڣֻǻһаϴܣɫҲǱˮ
Ĭãһҧžһ£һڵСƿӶڰϣһ˵ѾͷҪɺ𣿷ʳ˵һٴͨأɺڣ
ɾؿһأ⣻ߵǹأ黯ǣأĶֳء
ÿһأͬɬޱȣܹɾؿɼֵεϡˡ
ҵĲҲѰٵһţڿƷɵ
ʣôһ̣ȷĶˣϧ漰ϫĶҲı⡣
Ѷԣһ֮ѾĵߣʧǣֱʱɲΪ
һӣҲ԰ŭ֣Ϊһɵˣѵĳһ棿
ڿڣȻһЦ֣Ҹ棬˭ָ棿ȥһ˶άסǿҲ̫ˡ
ԣɫˮף϶һʼûԼ̸
֣ĪһֱϷŪҲɣ
͵سǴһʣоԼˣˣղһжСƵģָо׷ŭ
ҿûô˵ΪѾͷóҲӦһƵģ
ɻе˼ȴɫ˵һϫмֵ
ܺã֣һҼסˣǣʢŭ״̬뷢ŭţȥ
͡
ǵȻƽڶѶУȴŭʢݶҧ顣
裡
Īĳ裡
϶ΪһˣңΪҾκβǳϫˣӽңƲ



1080 ֮
ҹ￪ʼ޶֪ҼŭϢһʯǧˣȻ
ζʲô
ζ˵ĻδõУ
֮¾ʵ֮УҪϫҪͬⲻͬ⣡
˾̾ʵںΪҲϧңҲҪάһԼ岢ѪԵϵˡ
Ψ޼ҡżҽԶԼĻȻû͸¶ʲôйسϫķȻҲһ١
£Խ֪Խá
޼ңǹżҶôΪģϾ³ϫɽӣɱȻҲĳֹϵܣɾܹˣҵ֪ԺĻʲôֿɿ
ǾǴſֵ˼ͲҰѳϫ׵أҲܲһ£ɽǱ߶Գϫ̬ȣ
ǵ˼δӰǶԳϫĺۡ
ҲΪ£óϫԽԽ󣬵ȻйķҲġ
ҲǴȴѰٲ˳ϫټ˻ɣҵʢŭϫҲǲòݱܷͷݷ
Щ꣬ϫΪһֱǳչأ
ʱۣתѹȥһʱ䡣
ϫѾǳչ¡
ʱУ˷硢ַսٴһΣǳ˰ٵȷȴ޷
ȷ޷
ϫԼܸ֪ɾԴƿصļڣҪ෨򣬾ͱٰΪһ硣
ɺڣҲԲ磬֮
һֺĸо
Сףִǡž֮ߣ֮νžŹһϫյľִĳ϶ԣǼ֮
ܴڵ֮һصͼƿش
ɱˣƿصķ򣬽Դ֮УʱҲζŽ
Ǽ޵ڣǼ£޷ͻơ
֮ǸһֲΣǡžŹһִһʼˡ
֮ɾУϫ˸Ĵ壬ҲִֻǼޣɽ֮µһֹ
ʵֻ硢ַ򣬲δϫʱ䣬ǳУģΪĴϡ
Ϊв֮ͨʱŬڵ׹̣ҴﵽһֱԲĳ̶ȡ
ͻɺڣǲԶˡ
ǳϫȡõĳЧȻʱ䣬ҲŹȥһ¶ѡ
ǿ߶ԣֳЧ漣ݣɶԳϫԣȴԵúѰЩȴ⡣
Ϊαչصʱ֮ãѳĹ滮ԭҪɺڵģȴǲһ
ˣҲʱĥһսˣսսѰǴΣӦǿ˲ֹһѣҲ֪ԼʲôεĶˡ
ϫӴһ˼ͳ뿪ǳ硣

ϫ߳УͿԶ죬ɷ޳Σǵգһ
ףˡô˵ĺඣԶԶأϫɾϲ
ȷɣҲءϫЦ
Ϊĥս
˳ϫһһ²ϫΪȻַ˱仯ǿԨڣϸ۲죬ѿе΢仯
ϫ˵ͷ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ˮԸ񣬵ʹųϫת䳡ȥ
ǰΪ˺£·ϣϫʵ
ҵɹˣ˽һ룡಻סеϲãӯӯˮġ
ϫһ룿ġ
һ˼˹λʦˮƽЩԲɵġ
֪ϫ˼ЦãΪ˴ΰģĸ㡣

ҵ䳡ޱȣżӲޱȵĻԪһ֣㵲´޽ɵȫ
ʱ䳡Ӱд󣬴ĥ¼ԵַǷ
ףǴС㡣
Сˣ
С㡣
ųϫִʱʱӭһ֮ĿжžηϫĿ档
ȥ֪ͨȥһ̨ҡ
Դϰ֮ԳסһӣһʹųϫȺԶһ̨ȥ
˾ǳϫɣ
ǰЩ˵СҪеĸһһϫд裬Ȼˡ
ʲôȻ飿ô˵죬һȥһ̨ȥ
ԣһȥеһ֣ӵΪưһʮλǳϫҲֵ÷зڣ˵ڵһʮλ֮ĶԾԾʷ׳ˡ
ߣһȥ
䳡ϣӵܶ˵ϫͷϾޣϫˡ
һ飬ǳ˲෹̸ʺͻ⣬ʱϫпܺһսĻ͵ס׷ӿ˹ȥҪս
һ̨
ϫִʱͿ̨ӿӰΣһڴģ
ܿ죬һɫףһϮµ˹ڳҵӵĺ䶯
Ȼˣҿ˷ӦһҲźܸߵ
С㡣ֱ˵ͷ
ǳϫĶ֣óȫı죬ȫһս򵥵һ䡣
ϫ֪㣬ʵУһȫԸġŤͷһ۳ϫɫƽ档
ãͽ̡ϫЦ
ͽ̲ҵֻдѡ
˵ʱշٵ̨֮ϣӰһͦǹֱͷųһɱϢʵʣɢ˷Ⱥһ̾
ˣϫҲ̨ңңԳֵ̧֣롣
ϣ
һѩڳһ򵥵ʽʾء
һ̣˵ٴһ䣬е羪ŭˣһɱⱼŵơ
ϫɫȴͷƾƾܿʵӦñѰǿһ֣Ϊ
䣡
һɲǣǳֵնѩư磬ɭʱһں֮
龰ѩɽˮ̣˵ۻԵ
ϫˣջǼ˽ὣ񵲣ƮƮһͽһƻ⣬⣬ࡣ
һУէ֣һ̽ϫʵȻ紫ǰǿС
һ̣ĿʼǰĶ֡


1081 ɽӡ
ৣ
ٳɣһҫ۶ѩĵ˱ڶ˺գЮһԵն
ѶȫûκεӣٲȻѳϫ˱пһʱʢԵ裬ޱȣֱƿնɱɽӣ
սӵȻû뵽һս֮ôͻȻʩչȫΨһС֮ϫܲ򵥣
ղǸһֵһƻ赭дʵֳϫǳѰĿֲսﵽᣬ׾Ч
һϫɫƽֻڵ˿ҪִʱһһĽһٴνԷƻ⡣
ɫأʽ粽ǰһ˲ȻնǧٵѩĿĵâ
ÿһâʵʣȵķ֮
ǧٵâնǡǧٹٲӲϵк£ڣܲ͸磬覡
һһֱǰĹɱһֵˮ©ķٲȻͳϫУҪӲƴ
ΪѿϫڽΪҪԼڵϵΪΪֲѿȽʦĵزһ򷨣Լδһ򷨵ĵز
ԣΨӲƴ
ϫսȷѰǿ󣬿ӲƴΪԼڵΪռݲһ˿
Ȼһǰ㣬ϫѡ˺ԼӲƴײһɾ񱩵Ĳɢܣ̨Ҳһ£ǿĽƷֻѻһ֮ˡ
û뵽ǣһӲƴûռκαˣ飬ܿƵصŵŵų˳
û
⻹һоΪܹӵе
һɲǼ䣬ɫޱȣϫĿУѴһĨ֮ɫ
սҲһ죬һ֮УȻԴ·ˣϫȻǸ̥

һȣٴιɱʽƱǿ󣬿ϧȴܱϫɻ
ùս˶һִϫͺñǱʯƾκ˳ˢأԿȻ޷֮
ֱվͷ죬ɷ۳ϫһƵᣬݵģ
˶ѿֻ¿Ҫˡ
ˣһҲɷһĨ֮ɫϫϴλѰŸոչȥһʱѣʵȻ࣬Կĵ߾
β˳Ծ
ˣҲ㡣
̨ϣͻȻ֣شϢ˵δ¶ʲôʧ֮ɫзһĨԵ塣
ϫѾԼ̫࣬ڿսܻ֮ԼԼٲ֪ˣǿЩ֪ôˡ
˻ȻѲµһսĽ֣ɵ׿ڳϲϫʱɲһĨ𺳡
ϫȻ紫ǰǿ󰡣
һʱ֮䣬Щ֮ǰԳϫʵлɵӵܣԳϫĿҲ֪䷢˸ı䡣
ϫЦŹ˹֣δ˵ʲô
ˣֲȥⷿȡǧʯΪ
ˣվӣԸһ䣬ĿԵϣȺ̨ͳϫд衣
Ⱥ
һžȷ֣ԭ֪ʱưһٶʮλȺ˳С
ȺģִͨһϮֲ£Щᣬɾȴһɼɽǡ
һͬΪǿߣϢȴҪǿ٣вӵܿĿУһĨɵ֮ɫ
Ҳ΢΢һֵȺ硣дһ˿
Ⱥ΢΢һףֱ̨ϣϫ붯ȫ֡
һȻ˵ղųϫһսδ̫𾪡
ʱҲڵϫЩԶӵܣóʵǶǵء
Ҳ˵˵ʱףϫȻ֮࣬ⷺһĨ֮ɫˣɽڰ
羳սͼΪˣȻڼŽӵĺһȣɡ
ϫԣ˵ͷ
ںսʱȷұ˲ֹһ㣬뵱սѰʱ򣬿ǵƾͬʱַ֮ͽԷˣ
Ϊϱ࣬˷硢ִǽƿɾеļ޵زֻѰǿһ˿ĿĶ֣
ںս֮ǿǵҪչ˶Է棬ϫû㶯ý
ղһսϫȷĴչ˶Է˼̫ܵѿϾԷˣ֮ͬеٮٮߣ̨ͱԼȥǿЩصˡ
ͽ̣
Ⱥһ֣˫⼤䣬ƶʱһ䣬һΡ۾Ĵɽεضһɻʵʵз֮͸һɼηĴǡ
ǳɽƣĦն𶯡ҡݣγһаԵÿɲ֮
䣡
һ̣˫ƽһعӡն𣬳ϫɱ£ӡ⣬з£޿赲ĳơ
ɽӡ
˾ϳҵ崫֮һһʩչӡɽӣѹ𢣬ֻγ֮
ˣ
ͬʱϫһУȻȻ㲻֣Ļɣֽϣģһն
һɲǼ䣬һͨ嫵ɫ𣬻ͻ֮գųʳʢ⣬ء
ܵһĿ£Ⱥ¶һĨɫ͵طһȣǴɽӡ߱Ƶ£ޱ
䣡
ӡͽײ̨ϼףջХ˷һжһִ֮С
Χ˸ǺˣΨ̨ڵɢԼˡ
⻹ֻǸտʼĵһܲ˿ɲƣʵľҲӲ֤ղŵĳϫȷ
飡
˷ӦֻһӰ͵ش̨ϵɶڰգǿѪ޷Լ
һӰģʱڳкݺһ鴤һû
ǡȻȺ
սŽһѣȻˣ
Ŀɿڴ͸ղһսȣǰһĻҪġ
Ϊһз̫ˣ˭ʵǿٵȺȻһ̨ͱһ֮˳ȥ
ʵҪҲܼ򵥣֮ǰһսϫ̫࣬ںȺһսʩչ
ɵĳҪԵøΪǿҺ𺳡
ǲȽϲ֪һȽһ
ƾʵǰ֮ˡ
ȺվǵѪգ̨һӰǼҲɸһĨЦҡͷ벻ҳϣԺֻᱻ㳬Խˡ
ԣһȻۣʵЩˡ
ȴһüõʲôܺͳϫ𣿡


1082 ʯ
ĻȺۻ˶һоȥԼܲ˲ɡ
Һãһ̣תעĿŮϡ
ЩŮԶܵոյִһеĶǿߣһɫǰһ֮УһʵǷɺڵĴڡ
ӣڽԶλߣѰܼһ֣ͬҲֻλ̳ˣܽٻ
ɴʱĿȺϫһ̨֮Щӵܵɫȴһþɲ
˭ȥͳϫ
һ´ǣ˵ЩʲôͱһߴЦϵС㣬ǺòײųյΣͲĥʯ˰ɣ
˻һøӵܵɫЩûбʤգԲԸͳϫһս
Щ־Լ簡
ϸϸһ룬Ҳʾ⣬Ͼϫʵ̫죬Գȣ˵ڵΪȴһʮλ͵һٶʮλȺУ˭Ե֮
üһĿ⿴˿ˣҲԸ⣿
ŮһۣԶ˵ͷǵȷսʤϫľ԰գԲԸͶԷд裬һʧˣǿЩ̫ˡ
ңȥҲ񵱳սϫ롢ѰΪ޵һЦ´ҶϫʵӵеΪǰ򵥣⴫ȥվ̫
һ£Ժţָָ˵ƣһڵΪȻһڵСָо̫Խˣ
ȻӮˣǾͿüˣɹؼǣǲȡʤİգȨ⣬ջѡ˾ܾ
ˣɺݺһû
˿ЦҶͣҲû취ͣǳϫһǿߣ¾ǱǿҲȥһս
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ܸĻô죿
ΪɽЦԺĻţ
ü֮ǰû뵽ȻҲЩ˵˼ǣǲͳϫд裬ѵҪԼϣ
˵ΪҼ̳ˣɱϾ峤Ȼǿ˺ͳϫԾĻ˭֧峤֮λ
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֮ǰսʱ֣Էɵͬһȱȫķ˵ѿƷȷķ¼һĻĳҡ
ĳǿսһˣ
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ΪҵӵܣͨҲǵıյļ֮һĻ᲻Լеɱϵɱͬһֶصƶɣ˵ٶȱȴѴﵽ˼¡
еĳǣܽѳ͵ɱһϫȻ˵ĺĿܻˣ
һʱ֮䣬пϫĿ⣬úоһΪˢưȻʼĲֶˣ
ԣȴһϲܽϫ֣֮еɱ¼һٺòˣԤ֮ǵսȻ࣡
ҲζţһۺʵҪ͹ϡϡҵľ롣
Խ룬Խһ淢ĻԻΪ̳мҵһǿı֤
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ҲٳɣֳϫٸıˣֱһӵмˣȥʯҪ죡
ʯ
ԣԶһͷˮǵȻ֪ʯǲɱһʯκɱƷķʽֳ
ǲ֪ǣ«﾿ʲôҩѵҪóϫʾһɱģ
һ뵽⣬˲ҡͷоССӻһäĿţԲܵ飬Ȼģǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ܿ죬ӵǺһʮɸߣͨڣһСɽĹʯ̨ǰ
ϫ̧ȥͷ֣ʯ棬γͨססס̫ס̫׵ּÿһֵȼУַϡСƷԵüΪ
ҲʯɽмΪһֱһЩɱ֮Уӵһʯ
ĹЧܼ򵥣ܹɱӶ仮ͬĵȼƷףҲǺһɱȼı׼
ˣ
˼䣬ʯǰһ˦һĨɫǻֶײʯ棬޴İĳ
һ̣˾ͿʯһĿĽɫϼͨɱ䣬ֱͣ⼶Ʒ˵λãͣ
Ǹλãߵ̫ɱӣҲζţѴﵽ⼶ɱеļ£ԳƷˣ
Ŀ࣬۾һŵģ
Ļ᲻ϵãǵ֪֮У˱ҲƷˮ׼ѡôͻȻ̫Ʒɱﵽ˼ƷУ
Ҫ֪ɱĵȼżΪϸĻ֣䵱һɱ֮Ҫһ˿ޱȣҪ˵һӽֱһƷﵽƷˣǼֱ
ǳ֪Ե˿һĻʱŻֵ𺳣Щš
ǿˣ˭ŵģڣһ͵ģвЩģЩһû氡
Ȼһ̲סʵѵǳԳϫ֣֮
ŤͷһⲻǷϻ𡱵ı飬ӵһڨڨѡ
ɴʱĻ˵ЩԶɵؿ̨ϵĳϫʵǰԾЩţֻڵĳϫӵ㾪˵ˡ
ͬԴСıԣȻǲ˵ѵģһ̣ʱը˹
ͳϫһս
ȸ
ǶɣˮҲ١
ЩǰһŮʱ̲סˣ׷׿ڣҪ̨ͳϫһս
һ̣ƺȻˣǰڳϫУͻΪЦĿܡ
֮±·ĵҲûʲô
ϫˣŰһͺãԼǽɱİ취ǰԼˢưҲǸȡ衣


1083 ϲ
ϫûԼǰɱǰһ£Ȼӵһʮһһٶʮλá
ΪղŰеȺ
ڽĶԾŬŬӦɱưǰһˣ
ܿ죬һӵ̨ͳϫչԾ
һ˶꣬¶ŵ˫һ鼡ɣ˱ը
ǣưһλֻɳΪȴһλɣ
ȴڣ֮ͬԴѹơ
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Ǹһ̨һɶڴϸ׭ŷܵķͼṹɢ˵ڹ
ҵһƷɱܰܣǻδ򣬱㾶ֱʵ
ϫٸ㡣
ҲãҾһǲڴţ
һһһҵ棬˽ڿշ𣬵ͷһϫݺ¡
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һУ֮һ㣬֮նҵϡãƿ񱩸͵˼£ԶԶһסͷƤ顣
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ϫ۾һսȼգֽϣͶԷսһ
ֻټ̨ϣӰŲתƣ󲻶һХ˷նҵôѣһͨ죬ݺᣬ᲻ɴݣֱɱϼңƲ飬ضʧɫ
˿ĿԣԶ಻ѡ
ǿɣӵױȵѹȴڵĳϫɱѽѷ֣£ս֮ңþʾݡ
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ϫһκͬһ֮йЮз֮еֶ˲ݣĵˣ̲סȳһѪ
˼ˣһ󾪺ǿɣǺǿ󣬿ɴʱȻԷÿȳѪˣ

ŭ𣬳ʣҪٳɱϡ
ʱͻȻڣˣѾˣĪ㻹Ҫƴһ䣬쳹ؼ䣬һĪϣʮ㡣
ԣʱŭѹԴʵؿ˳ϫһۣջƵӮˡ
ϫ룬ʵʵ˵Ծʤֻ²ôֳһΪֻд裬ռ˲ٱˡ
ȷ˵ʵǿߣǿǿսɱУѪһɸԭҪɱѺѡ
ҲǵĶ֮ϫ˴ȳϴ˵㣬Զͷѡ
ԴĿ˳ϫһۣɫǱû࣬˵ռˣΪѸ̫߳࣬ԣһվˣķڷ
˵ţ뿪̨

ϫסȻóһһ˼ͽһЩż¼ڣ˹ȥմ˷¼ҡ
ϫ˵ĻأΪ֮ǰԤȴĳɣӦúͼ֮˵ҲĪϵ
ԣϫҲֻ˵һ֣԰ǼĻԽܣ
һԴɵУɵʱ۾һӵɵùԲ̲סһĨϲЦݣ鲻ԽϲЦһģ
˼ˣԶ궯̲סеǣĪʲôطɣ
ԣʱӿϲѹСȻ˵ʻֳϫлָ㣬Ƕк
ɫһ˿𾴣Χһȣѵܹ
ͷҲЩ˵ԴԺ󣬱Ȼ˳ɱưǰһˡˣЦҲοѡ
Ȼȷţеط϶һΣΪеõ֤
ңԼȥͳϫдһ֪ˣ
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ǴſϲɱȥӰΧ˶һۣһЩˣǽĿͶ̨ϵĳϫɫ͸һĨԾԾԡ
˵֮ǰǻԳϫĻɣôͨǵ֮нһ˿Ҳһɨա
ǵģֱʱȷţϫĿ԰ɱܣг϶첻飬ǧѷľʱ˭ֻˣ
ˣȴһ˭
˵꣬ͱһӵϴϡ

˭ϣ
ݣһﻹǻˣ˭ȥģ
ΪȡᣬȺһ궯һ࣬Ҳ˲ʲôȣֻ쳣Ļ𱬡
һĻǵЦΣϫĿиһɵĽģ
գǱܵûᣬӮ˺ͳϫдĻᡣ
ӵɺΪۼΪ֮
ɳϵǣưߣֻڵھʮλѣԣΪһеٮٮߣӦøǰģôڵھʮλ
ܿ죬ϫڶԾеõ˴𰸡
ԭͳʹõɱϣһصĶꪣꪷ£䣬ֻ磬С˫ꪡϴһƷɱ
һΪһԶϣһֺ˫ƥĹƾЩԲʱɱưǰһУڵʱĪ䶯
Ҳһ˫ꪣսΪһɱŽֻƷѣѺӳ
ĻǾ͵һѧԣŻֱΪɺھ磬ưϵδͻơ
һܳΪһЦ˵ʱ˫Ȼӡ
ܵĽ֣ϫָܵһ㣬ԷΪΪѹԼһͷƫƫɱ̫޷׷ӣգϧԼС
ͽ̡
ܣһϧȴûƵģһ¹ڣϫ˵ɫƽȴһĨ֮ɫ
ˣΪ˫ꪶҲ˶ΪЦٳ޷֮ƾᵽ
־г϶޲ߣ񣬾ȻһѻᣬֻҪץΣпܸıԼˣܲ
ӵҲЩ־̳ϫģüεļ֮ɫнЩȻ
գһʱóŰ
еĿ⣬ңң̨ϵĳϫ


1084 
ϫĿĿĽ㡣
ȴǹ˲ЩڻʱԺзǡ˫ꪡ̺ķͼ
ʵԣЩͼܼͬ򵥣Զڡޱ񹂡У䲼Ҫ򵥡
Ѿڣ⡰˫ꪡһɱɣศɣǻȻһĴڣҪһΣҪǵѶеķͼɣҪѶ֮һɶеϵ
Ψˣܰһɱ׷ӳ
ͼܺɣϫЩֵǣѶ֮ϵһ𣬴Ӷγһˮ齻ڰĺӦ
ͬһ㣬һһ˴˺ӦӶ⡰˫ꪡ׷ӳ
һС⡣
ϫǵһܿ죬ԺоӿֳϰٸÿһַصȴͬҲһ
˼ǣһַ˫ꪵ׷ӳһʹָĸоӶսҲͷų

һ̨ܵճţ
ʱţһӵϫĿЩЩ
һò᲻аɣ
˫꪿ɲôģϴıǶ޲ߣָοһˣ
Ҳô˵ϫȻ͵ģҲ޷ָļ֮ˣף˫̫ˡ
һ˽΢žУɱ˸
̨ϵҲͬԵƽϫĿеϣ֮ɫδ
Ѿô꣬ѰĥµüǿȲʱ䣿
ֻ
Щĸо
Գ뵽ԼпܸıԼ˵ĻˣҲЩ
죡
ȴЩЩӵܵ˽üһǳһ
յʱ±ðֻʱƣЩӵܿϫĿ⣬ǱЩΪȻȻΪϫܹɹϣǲˡ
һƬУϫӳ˼ѹֱóһö򣬽֮ǰ˼ķһһ¼ڣŵݸܣ뵽ѷԼѡһְɡ
˻һнԶһȻˣ
ԣǼ͵ԣҲסһǶ˼£ƽвƵһĨ
ԳϫǵݹСУᣬΨֽˤһ㣬ԵЩ
ڳ˶ûзЦΪܣֻ±ֵûҪϾܶԣǿܹı˵һֻᣡ
еĿ⣬ܣе򣬾ȴš
ܵȻı˵Ļǰֿɵã浽һ̣Щȥ
һֺ΢˼ͺ񡰽ӡһ
գҧҧĿͶŽУһ̣˫һɣɫʱþޱȣƾ̾ƿϲȻظš
ı仯ͺͲӳͷ׹ʰ㣬ԵüΪʵںһ˵ı仯Ȼ֮֮࣬ḻ
˼ˣЩͣޱȡ
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ܿڣɫ𾪺Ȼȴ޴룬ΪÿһּŶޱȣЩ֪ѡһˣ
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һֲɱķգȴǳӯҸ;ϲ
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ԣû뵽ϫˣһΪṩʮּ֮
̲סʵܣȷʮַŶã
ÿһֶѿڶ̾
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һ̣ܵһţյ֣ʮַÿһֶ覣ƻΪ棬Ҹѡһɱأ
̲ס˸ۣһǵ˱˻԰⻹þѡһԼõģˣ
ϫҾû취ˣ֮ǰ뵽һֽ취ãѡʮֶõģѡһԼɡ
һֽ취
˻ԣ̲סһͷƤ飬ƵĴ̫ˣ
ԳϫäĿŵҲȻѡ
һ£׹ղųϫ֮Ծþóԭû뵽취˼һַŶã
ʶһУû˸ȥɳϫͣˣϫĿҲǷ˷츲صı仯ޱȵĻȣһԵء
֣лˣõܵĵطԵƾǲǣ̨ϣͻȻ˵
̬ᶨϡأն
˵գת̨
ϫҲЦܵ˫һ¼ɹȻͻͽͷų˾̾Ĺԡ
ܹõһλ׿ǿߵԵֵҪԶԶļ֮Ҫࡣ
ܵض飬׼ڳӵܵ飬һĦȭƣ׷Ҫ̨ͳϫһս֮
һЩûʸսϫӵܣһض㣬ղѡ
ưϵڳϫ֮ʵҲϫȻûʸ̨ͳϫд衣
뿪󣬻вǿ߷׷ѶҪͳϫԾ䳡ϵն
ʧǣʱɫѺڣҹĻ٣ʾ£ϫ˽ս

ʵճϫĵΪټв֧֣ս켸ҹҲеƣĻδ̫š
գǰİţ뿪䳡
ҪǣѻڵھʮλܣѾǰһ֮УҪͻͽЩʵˡ
һǰһǿߣһսǿޱȣһ֮ǿ߲ͬն
ҲΪսսʱҲѷӵټˣսȥҲˢʲôû塣
ҹϫٴνǳ磬ѡ˱չأɺڵĳ
УٿһģĴĻ顣
ڳĲֹ֮㣬һЩչصĳϣҲ׷иһλ벽ϹŶ֣֮ߣࡣ
˷ڳ֮бСĴڡ
ǴкѹѹһȺĳϣԼλλ벽ϹŶжһľþнޱȡ
ΨɫƽΪ֪Ŀġ
˶ˣ֮ŸɿһһӣյõɱţøλϺúÿ


1085 ͻ
ö򣬷ֱ֣֮һһڴһλǰ
ϼ¼ģУǳϫ߲ͬɱȱݣ¼ķš
˶ԣǵõҲȻȻҲ͵ѧʲôֶΡ
ɶЩǶԣȴŷǷ壬䵱һһеķ֮ɫ޲ݡ
գ԰
ʵ⾹һڵС
˫꪿ҵȶ޲ߵɱϫȻṩʮּţÿһֱֶǹ񹤣
һ̾ڴЩҳǵ飬޲һĨ֮ɫ
ǳң˲֪£һǷʦĴڣ֮ȻųѰ衣
Ҳ֮˽⼫ᵽекεȵĲƻΪ棬ҲǴ۽硣
ܻͷһμ龰һڳϽԶ¶ε𺳾֮̾ɫҲа𺧲ѣʶֵкε֮
һУڳϫУһڵˣ
һ﾿Ǵðģ
ôᣬԷ֮϶޲ڣɲ˭ܹ쵽ģ
˵ŵĻУˮ׼ߵģĴңϫܹһڳ϶û취飬β𾪣
Ҳϧңάϫԭ򡣡
ʱһֱĬԵͻȻ̧ͷĿһɨˣڵ֪֮ǰһЩ϶ҵΪڣǷıˣ
߻һۣԶȻԭ峤ٿ飬Ϊ˵ϫжô˲𣬶Ϊ˽˾ĳһЩϣ
㣬ӦЩһиҵȣҲôˡ
һ³Ͽڣ̹ȻҺҲٳϽ鲻֮ǰԴҲɧڣҿ϶֧ġ
ǿ϶ģ˵䲻Ļϫ֤ԼļֵΪҵ룬ҵԲʲôĺ顣
ߣ˵ﻰԺ˭еϫĵطһӦ
Ҳ׷׿ڣԼȷ̬ȡ
ˣ֪ĿѾﵽЦѵλһĿٺòˡ
£еյʱɲ١
һջûסʵ㣬ϫĪɽĴˣ
˻һҲ¶ע֮ɫ֮ǰҲѲµֻΪΪ¸ϵش󣬲ȷϣͻˡ
ϾϫŽΪɽôĵˣ
οԻĹʱҲû˵ɽһµӣ仳ɣȴû취ϵ
΢΢һЦشĺܼ򵥣ҾͲˣҿصǴӵǱʦС
һڳԣ֪ںǣԸἰ£Խˣȴҽϫ֮ˡ
ҲǴ쿪ʼϫеĵλȹصĳʲô״
ˣɱܣҪץʱˣȻᣬⱲֻҲˡ
ʱһֱĬһλ벽ϹŶͻȻ۾仰֮󣬱㼴Ӱһʧ
ˣȴ˽Զ𾪡
Ϊ仰ʵ̫Ѱζˡ
Ҳѿλ֪꣬ΪɲϹŶԳϫ̬ȡ
˻Ǻ⣬ѵ˵ǳϫܿ뿪𣿡һɻ
Ȼˣ츳˫ˣעɽдʣɽ磬ҵĳ̫СҲסһƱ㻯Ľۡ
Ϸ׷׸п

ǳ硣
ϫϥֱɫεĲ֮С
һŨƮϼƮӰԡУһ֮
ϫΪѴﵽڵԲ̶ȣյľִҲѴﵽɾеļ޵ز
սϣܹʩչķҲǴﵽ˳Ѱַ֮޷
αչأܳɹɺ֮ôսٴηһɱ䣡
֪¹ȥ
Žȥµʱ䡣
һ죬Ѥϼԡеĳϫڣ͵زһɷ޴ģƾ׺ص֮䡣
ڣ춴תڰ֫ٺѨкХתݡ
衭
𡭡
ͬʱ֮֮Уһ󼤵ݵХǧ˳
һ̣ϫľԶﵽȼе۷״̬
䣡
״̬֮ãֱ󣬳ϫֻһ𣬵Ϸλһɰݺƿһ궼סڵĲ
ɲඥƵͷȣƼɵǰһ̵ķһ
һ̣ϫо˶ͬˣͨ͸һɹɺ嫶ӿȫӿ뵤γһƬȼ
λӻ춴ϷλԼܹһͷ񿥷ǷѤȸӰѷ裬ণ
ȸ裡
ȸ֮۳ˣ
ǽɺڵףΪΪȸ衣
¡¡
ӻ춴бӿ䡢ȸ֮УγһܲɷֵϵңӦޱȡ
ʱϫܹ֪񡭡еһжڷɱ䡣
ֱ֮һзųȹ
ʱϫѾһɺǿˣ
һ漣Ľٶȣ
Ҫ֪ӷɽ磬ֱɺڣֻȥʱѣ֪£Ǿ״Σ°͵ϲɡ
Ȼʱָ磬ǳеʱ䣬ڣʱȫҲһˡ
һʱ䣬ִܵȵزǿ߶ԣͬһ󼰵֣
Ϊɺ֮ͬʱʩչˡ
ϫһĸֳɫѤõĽǴзܣһһֽڷ贩Ǵַ
һǺڰʱʧȻֱ̺硢״Ľȡ
һĻϫڳһǷһĨ֮ɫ
ûгɣ뿪ǳ硣
ϴˢǹȥ˰£뿴һԼܷưǰеĸλˡ
ϫ߳ңͱǰһĻһ
ֻһӰԼ⣬еڴǷеֱڵϢеǰһŰ빣һһߵȴ
ȻЩӰڴ˵ȴܳʱˣ

ϫӰʱǴǷģ˯ģƵġеӰȫһվӣĿˢˢ˳ϫ
ɫ͸һĨϲԳϫĵԣоЩ΢΢ڣɼЩһĿǶôĺΣôĳˣ


1086 
ϫˣ
죡ȥ湫ӣùӸ䳡
Һãûãһƺų˷ɢȥ
ϫӣЩȻòԼأ˱Լ
ҡҡͷֱ䳡ȥ
Ȼǣһ·֮أȻһȻֵüɹ˱棬ԼһƵġ
Ҳóϫ׹ϴָ飬ӦǴȥˣ˲ٵע⡣
Ҳãܹǿ߲ԼˢʱҲһЩ
һߣϫһ߳˼Ҳо־ܲĵķӦսǿɾˡ
ִ䳡ʱǰ׳ĳ棬óϫһЩԼ۾ˡ
ֻټ䳡ϣѱӰ⣬У˽Ʋ㶼ɢһա
һ̨ܣǱһˮйͨԵ֮
ѵҷʲô²ɣ
ϫɻĳ̫ʢ󣬷ȥвֹһӵܣܿһЩߣд޽ɵˮ׼
ɲţһнΪԼأˡ
Ȼϫϵǣ飬ȴòˡ
ϫϫˣ
Źȥ£һΪչһΣҪأ
ģ㻹żҪȥٵȵȣλøΣ
˵˰ҵһ̨ͳϫд裬ղŵĶľֿӮˣ
ߣСӣҿ󲮣ȻռҵλãŲһưճȥ
ϫǾεӰԶԶس䳡⣬ʱ÷һһߣгһ
һĻϫЩԥҪҪ뿪һܷͷⳡҲ̫ˣһԷ̫飬ԼţǷʲô̤¼ɡ
ұ죡
Һãͬ콵ǰ㼰ʱ֣Ŀһɨ䳡Ըк촽һ仰ͬħһ㣬ֳһɨա
գҲ±ð
ֻÿϫĿ⣬ȴǱ綢СõĴƵģ֮

ȴЩֱųϫһ̨ȥ֮ȺԾֿһ·
⡭ô°
ϫಽУ̲סʵ
źۼغһۣûΪ㣬¶֪ӵɱֶΣ£˭ס
ϫǣôˣܲöҪдİɣ
һ仰û˵Ǿǣֳжִ޽ɵӰˣԼдĻԼͷߡ
İɣΨ㿿ǰĲʸˡţֵֻģҸǣó㹻ѪʯһжڰﲻǣҪԸ
һ䡣
ϫһ䣺취
ĵڶһֱڵɾ磬ͲѪʯˣܴЩӵеõһЩҲָԷһ

ܿ죬һ̨ǰ
ϫ̨̤һƵ͵𣬴˳ĳţ֣֣һŰ
һŰ
ɫͣһ˭Ȼ˵˲ҪĻ
Ŀ˳ĵطȥʱͿһӰݣһ޷εϢļһ
Ȼ
ŻȻԭ⣡
ĿһתȻͿԣһϮʤѩ°佾Ӱΰһࡣ
ˣһֱǽϣϲ뽹Ҳĸʵжǿ󣬶һ̫Ҳ̫޳ܣǳĵط
ϫǸйȴܲϴУ˸ǰæΪԼˣŭɱ򣬽Ѱֵܶ˺ݺʰһ١
λԵȣһЩһԺǽһϫЦ˵
ԣϲѡ
ЩӣҲ˳ϫͣһʱҲ˹ԭֻ̽ſЦû뵽ԷȻɾʹӦˣȻǴϲ
һĻȴøۺ첻ѣ׷׽еأϫ磬ô˱˰ɣ֣֣ҲһŰ
һʱԵ
˭£ȥн˼ڲ̤벽
˵ʱ죬ֻЩԹؿһίģ
ȴǺᣬֱӵ֪У̨ͳϫд衣
һշ̨ңңһȭлСȫȻֳϫһȭִͽ̡
֪Уһǿ֮һưڰʮλʵǿӵɺΪ
̨ӵܽԶ¶֮ɫȴ취Ǵһ⣬Ҳֻ֣ܿ޷뵽С
ͽ̲ҵΨһҪǾضȫϫ
Ȼ֪еͷ
һԾ㼴Ŀ֮Ļ
ս׸ûýɺڣƾϫǰսƴȫ£ҲԽԷܡ
ⳡսֻӵɺΪܹͬʱʩչִ֮ĳϫӮøһˡ
ˣùս˲ɱزһ̾
û취϶ԣϫΪ̫ͣչֳսȴ̫̬սȺд඼ǵһμϫ֣ԲеЩ𺳡
սĻ֪ԸԳһּɱķţϫл֮󣬱ϲ뿪̨һĽʺޡ
һ飡
һ
һ̣񣡡

İ£һǰһٵǿߵ̨һһϫд裬ΪŪɳ׾Բδ˸ҷˮսҲԵþʷ׳ʡ
ϫҲһսУԼӵеսԼӦԸľ顣
ЩӵУҪôóٶȣҪôóҪôóͻϮҪôյĴ򺱼ǿ󣬲õɱҲ廨š˵һһԾϫҲǴ۽硣
սʤ£ϫưϵҲͻͽ˵δͨɱڵĲԣŶưϵѾ֪Լս񾿾ﵽ˺εȵز
ֱϫȡʤٶȿʼŻΪֵʵѾüΪǿҲǸܵһѹ
飡
һӰ̨ϵɶڳһ󾪺
һӰС꣬;òˣͨͨȴӵ׿ޱȵսưϵڵڶʮһλ
ͳϫһսǽ췢ʮೡսҵģһֱɱĺ٣ùս˶˺
ֱʱջϧܸϫԲһпꡣ
ʱϫͬԵǱˮʪͷɢɫ԰ףڴϢѡ
Ψһȴʣսڣ


1087 ħ
ڶʮһλ;ܣ
ųϫ̨ϵľӰڳһӵܽԶԣвƵһĨ⡣
ʮೡս֤˳ϫǿ
;һսһֱɱսʱֱ޷һɺڵĴڣֵܼڵġ
Ҫǣ;ջǰˣ
˾ʱ˿̣˭ٸҰѳϫѰǿ߿
ޣ˭ϫ㣬ɺ֮ˣӵս
Ĵڣѵֵأ
ͬû뵽ϫȻսʤ;ôһ̣Ҳ̲סʧ񣬸еһԵ
պܳš
ϫչֳսڳˣ
´ʱϫӰЩǱ¸Ǳˮʪɫ԰ףȴû˸ȥЦ

һͳƽӳϫдž쳹˶ϣǾ̧ͷӣѵҪսȥ
ֻ²ˡҲһ䡣
ϫһΪΣ
˵֮ǰ;һսԵüޱȣҲǸܵѹЩǱв֧ţټϡĻꡱĵΪҲǺܿͻָϻһս֮
ҪҶսֱӵ
ϫʱ˼Ȼڳ֮о;ˣˣûʸս
򡣡
ϫԥܾˣЦҲԷưھţǶԷӵе⼶󣬶ѹһͷ
Ҫ֪󣬿ɷǰȣĳңϫɣԸ⣬Կɱưǰ֮С
£ԾŰȡʤļʲ󣬵ȻϫԼΪԲ磬кһս֮ˡ
ϫ˹ؾܾݸӵҲһЦǿǺλСսȻϫжôǡ
ϫֱӷأϢһչء
ȴסϣҪ¥һˣʱвЯѪʯڴˣϫԸ⣬ָԷɱ֮ԴȡԷеѪʯ
󣬳ϫԥʹӦˡ
˵ڶΪѳһĽᣬӵȻᣬĻˣ
οǲΪ˶һѪʯֻҪڣҪæָ˼ɱҲܾ
ԭܼͬ򵥣̫ˡ

һ硣
¥
ϫִʱټĵУ˲ӰоȻҵĳϾӶ࣬һ죬һɫĴ޽ɼڣóϫľѡ
ҲܹӲ֤ΪϵķңǺεȵۺǿ
һӵܣȴǲ࣬ϾѪʯ̫ϡ٣ֻã߶ԣͬ߰㣬Ȼ˭ҲȥѼ
ϫִʱһڳһЦͷ̬飬˸ϫʺãóϫЩܳ
ϫֻԲͬɱžˣ
ʱϫΧһԸһ
ѾͷʲôѵѳϫСѳ˲ɣһҳϿڣЩͳϫѡ
࣬塣
ߵֻòѪʯź֮ҪϫҪ֮
ʱü̾ϢѽˣŮֻԸСɣӶˡ
ԣ˺ôЦֵһŵĳϫҲβѡ
Сɣ
ϼһﻹǿ
ϫ̲סһۣȴԷΣ֬ϸľȾһĨϼ޲ɷ
ģŮʮϿǺĽ
óϫȵǣĿȥͬʱҲƳһۣĿʱڰнӣ˴жЩΣƵæ԰ܶ
ˣЩҳЦ޼ɵǵüһݺ˶Էһۣв壬ô˵ҿҪȡʸˣ
ʱɫһֵͣˣѾͷߣЩϼһͱˣһ˼С£Щʲôϵľ⵱Ҳⲻȥ
̲ס˸ۣ˭ңȵ٩Ѿͷģ
ˣڣ˭óʮѪʯǰĿɱ飬Ҳᣡ
æתƻ⣬ôȥĵĲֹԼܲˣϫֻҲܲЩ
Ҫ󣬵ǲû˷ԣȻ֮ǰѵõԲб
ϫȴ֪ЩտʼĿʱл΢΢ЩģϾɻʯɲôֵĻɫ
˲δ¶κʱŷ
ҵħ⼶ϫСѹĿ
£һϴ󲽲һ´ǰٶȱ˲ƶ죬һֽʮѪʯݸһֱӽһػ˵ɵݸ˳ϫ
϶̵ģȻǻ죡
һϽԶһн԰׼ԼһҪץסᣬܱٱ˻ᡭ
ϫʱҲҵɫħƬ̣Щ˼λǰ˵ѼΪҪѡ
ĳһ̲סʵǡ
ϫҵİ취¼Ļֻҵ
ɣ
һ²ֹҲɫһ
ϫˣΪЩ⣬ǸȻѾݳļˣ
û˵꣬ͱһĴЦϣɰϷħȻ
Цоǿܼ֮ɫֻ㵸ˡ
ϫһУ˿ϣȻͿҲ¶ε֮ɫʲôų׷ġ
ʵҲǣ⼶ȴڣҪô׵飬ܹһɣľϲˡ
ллϫСѣпϾ뵽ϷһʲôȱΨȱˣлвǴ޹ģһĻĹ㡭
˷ܵ⣬ϫлû˵꣬ͿһԵɫЩѿʱͱˡ
ǰϫ׳һ˶񣬱㼴Цſ첽뿪
ϫɰԺЦҲ˵ǿиָȺãϲѼɱģϲѼģȻҲϲѼ˵ġ
ȻϲѼ˵ǿߡ

ǰŸ뿪Щѵȵ͵ĳǾҺӵǰٲȻѳϫ屦һ㣬һԴҲҪֵģ
ǵ飬ȴǵʲô⣬Ӷϫһ̣俪ڣŶӣڣ


1088 
Ŷӣ
ʻһڴ޽ɶԣʵ̫Զˣݣʲô黹ҪŶ
ԵĻʱЩ޶ȨĴǶ΢΢һо΢
ܿ죬ǾͷӦһʱһʱʱǿˣȻ÷ŵ̬
ȻôѾٷŵ̬ˣǰĳϫֵô
ǲЩƾϫܹɱȥæһЩ˵ĹǶ濼һ
ʵ
Щ˲֪ϼһԣʵ֪ͰѿأȻҪ˸ࡣ
һ̣ǺԾźöӣ˵ЩǣѾûںˡ
Ҳóϫһ˵ʵһȺ嫵Ĵ޽ɰţҲǸеѹɽ󣬶û취оˡ
ϫСѣϷѩֲ⼶ƷĿʮѪʯһЩ͵Ϸˣ
ϫСѣ߽ɲı̽ľ°ɣܾƾͱѾͷĹϵپܾǰϷ˰
ϧϫСֻҪ뿪ʥɳǵģûϵϷһϵȶ츣ػΪСţԺлҲи֮ء

ʱƣϫ͸һţջ˴ѪʯвЩҳϵ
ɲġɵɱ츣ءĿӦоУҲԿЩҳϵǺεȲƴ֡
ϫ̲סипǴ޽ɵĵ̣ȻǴġ
ֱʮ֡
ϫѼʮɱջ˽ٿѪʯཻڴˣõɲġɱһҪܶࡣ
ɴҲɼѪʯжôĺϡˣЩҳУҲֻóʮ顣
٣ϫһ˿Уһ䡣
һҡЩѼѪʯţȳϫ
ϫüļƻУڶҪ֮ҪһǧѪʯ
񣬾ȻһңЩɣɽЩˣν֮ġ
żŹȥ¶ѣ޵˽ٿѪʯѾҸеˡ
˳ϫһ䣬ʱȴ˽꣬ҲŵõٿѪʯѡ
һԱȣϫȻˣʱ⴫һʴЦ
С㣬ϫӣҵȲɣ
һΪ׵ĺȻӷ͹ã󣬻ֱһЩŮԼϢǿߡ
ƣԳƵǺƺƵˡ
ϫǣڣ޼Һ͹żҵ
ֹϫû뵽ڳһϳϿһĻҲ¶һĨ֮ɫȻҲû뵽һĻ
˭ģ
ɫ䣬ʵ
ӷ֪ıԣȻ֣æ͵԰ܹ꣬Ȼѵ²𣿡
üһҸͬģ
һԵĹòڵ첻ֹˣҸ׺ֵĸףҲִ㸸̻
仰Уף˵Щֿڣ˼ȴǾ޼֮޶򣬹ż֮ţǰݷ֮ˡ
ҲܺýͣΪӷ͹õ˻ȻҲǸǰġ
ŶԭˣǺã뿪ȥдǡɫһɱʣһͿ͵ģ
ǴǾ㸸׿ϵģΪλҪ˷ǣ˵ǾɱϾͬڷңɲ˶ʲôޡ
һƵģӷ岻ɿЦһ䣬οǴҲ˵ѼѪʯԾʹһЩ
пһԼµ˶ԷǰĿģмô˵Ϊҷˣ
ӷ΢΢һЦƻȻûеļ̹ȻֹΪǣ˵Ҳܰϳϫʲôæ
˻ʱȷϣԷ϶˵˳ϫܹɱ飬ԺƤˣ
ֹϫڣԼЩҳҲ˹
ϫüûж˵
ЩǣɫһЩơ
ˣЩƳӷһۣƹ˵ֱ̫ӡ
λ˵Ҳ׿ˣԲͻǰݷá
ֽһ䡣
Ȼָˡ
ԣҲЩ㲻Ϊô
Ѿͷ⻹ò𣬿϶峤Ϊ˵ҵѹҪ޼Һ͹żңһҵǴͬһӪˡ
ԷķӦҲһĻԤԴԺҵĴֻԽԽˡ
һϴһ䣬ʱ˹Һҡ޼ҡż֮ߵһ飬ؼڳϫϡ
ӷǰѪʯóϫָУͿԿһ˿ߡ
һ뵽⣬ҲȻˣ׸ôֻԳϫͬҲҸһֹӮ
лǸоЩŹ֣Ҫ֪ڷʱżҺ޼ҿвǿߣͳϫС
Ȼ³ͳϫ֮⣬û
ߣô˵ǲôˣϻͻĨǣһŮ˶硣
ӷһۣ˵ɲ
ȴһУӷ͹õ˽Զһ
˭֪üĸҵˡӷȻЦ
ǿɱ̫磬»辭ϫͬСһ䣬ЩЩһ
ΪǵĿģоϫģЩȻʵҲܺ⣬Ͼ˭ҲԸԼҵĶ˷һˡ
ָòܾҵȵĺɣӷĿתƣڳϫϣԴЦ˵һ䣬һͳϫϵǳģ
仰ôĽ˳ϫϡ
óϫЩ岻ӷ塢òûٽ飬ȴòԷ飬ΪʱĽ߽ԶվҲһæ
ֱͬ⣬ֵĻ
գǰĿ⿴
ϸСľٶȴһԵĸ˺ϲ֤ϫûΪ˵õѪʯ˶ĸܡ
֤֮ϫǺںģ
ˣӡ
нһ˿ҲһɨգϫҿǴӦǰɣȻԩͷǲһ̫ϧˡ
仰δڣڳÿ˶Уӷ͹ûһۣԶЩЦá
ͬʱҲǰһ̾ҪٴҰѳϫߣвͨˡ


1089 
һٿѪʯ
˰㣡
ߣΪҲ֪Ѫʯ˶ãһֵûУ㻹ӹ󣿡
ܲٱһ㣬һ㡭
ܣǺã߰ɣ͵û˵
Ҷôˣαôأðɣɽ
ڵõĴ𸴣ϫĵͷ֮ӷ㡢ñ⣬Զ׼޼Һ͹żұ븶һٿѪʯղܻóϫһɱָ㡣
ӷ͹һޱȵģϫҲǰҲѣҺԼûͶԷۣ˸鲻˵ؼ˼۸񰡣
ĺܹϣ˵ʹһ;Բ
ϫ֪Լ´ˡ
ڰ޼Һ͹żҸԽɱļ֮һֱֳһģӷ͹ãԶ˷ϲõѣͶЦᡣ
Ȼ֮ǰһģǼװģ
һ뵽⣬ϫ̲סһۣԵúֱܵԵܹһЩʳ֮ζ֮ϧļߣȡʮɱֻҪɵӣû˭ܾܾˡ
ߣ
ϫɿЦҲòĿΪ˵ڶ֮ȻҲѼѪʯ
ӵУҲòϣǡһ㡣
ȻּУȴǧĺ⵹ҲӦǾ仰۸ĸߵͣȫȡڶ˭á
ʮɱһһǧѪʯѾ˳ϫƻеĿνһջ
ֱӷ͹Ըߵļ۸óϫָ㣬ȴֱӾܾɺܼ򵥣ĪΪָɱļһ㶼𣿡
ϫʵۣȴֳֻܱ۵򲻽²̨ҲԼԵ̫̬
Ͼʮɱһ⼶Ĵڣ
κһʦó¼ɱķţֻҲĽƣ˼ꡣ
ȻһжԳϫӦȴڳ˶ãΪֵ̫ۣϫҲֳֻܱһƣģ
Щ죬Ϊս̫죬̫ܵĿĿֽҫĸоǱһӶģɶԳϫԣȴ鷳Դͷ֮һ
ԣţǵ͵Щá
ٰһϯдӷ͹õˣϫֻ¶¶㼴Ƿء
ԭܼ򵥣ȻۣȻҪֳһ۵ӲŶԡ
ΪҪǣȲҪأõڶ֮ˣ

ң´
ɱţסѹֱֵ
ڴⲽɫˮĸѣɻ֮࣬Щ㷲
˭ǵø˲ˣ
ͷ׷ɣȴǲ²Ȼ׳Ǹ纣һ£¶µı顣
˵ô£
ֹĿ絶һ㣬ϣԵñ֮˵ʱѽһö˦ֶ¡
һľæһһʲôҲûУֻһĻӰ͹ӣڱ䡣
û´ӦǳϫĲŶԣǣøױŭˣѵϫǸĶǵˣ
ǳϫ彣ͷ׳ʣϻǹԹԻش
һڣ֣׵ɫ࣬ɲ
ʲô
һӣ׳һͳ纮µ쫷硣
촽ٴθϵһһʱˢһƬеôܣϢǼٵģƾһڵСĿʦ޷飡
ڴлصѲδֻɫҪʳˮ뼫ȵŭ֮С
һĻ֣̲̿סٴδһ飬ġ
еݺܼ򵥣ϸ¼Щӷе飬˳ϫӵе͡
ٵԣҲΪǷĴӵеɱϵĶһһɹŷƳɱ
ֱȴķΪ磬Ҳֻɽвмķš
ǷĴӵеķţֻĦ֮󣬸ԼĴݲŴ֮
ݴ˷ƳɱȻ󣬿ɱϾǲȱģ޷ķ
ȱݣĴеϹŶǶ޲ߣ޷ı䡣
ڣֻڵĳϫȻܹеɱ¼ȥߴݼܽܵˣ
Բģ̲סһĽ
ž
һĶڴڻصȻ˶õڵϣѪףһŵѡ
û뵽ԼĸףȻºִһ⣡
㻹ûʶԼĴΪʲô֪СӵһңΪʲôҪСӣΪʲôΪʲô
õѾһڵĻɽ㣬ױɫ࣬ȣʳ˼ΪʲôɼǺεȷŭ
ŵûнһ˿ίҲ޾ȡû뵽һ˿¡
ЩɣԼٶһ죬׾ԻԥɱԼ
ǵģ˵ˣֻǾ뱩ŭĸףܾޣãȻ޴롣
ף²ַ
ڴʱһڴһԼȻӰƮȻ˽
һϮɴüĿ续ɫͶ䣬
ŭѵɫһֹסŭҲǰһ
Уܹ˵ģҲֻˡ
ߣѾͷǶԷڻ䵽ȵزŭδһŵһ
ҲΪ˱𣬲޹ֹˮȻο̬ˣŭҲزʲô
ǰףҶԣվҲֻһ˶ѣ˵һ䡣
û˵꣬ͱϣ㻹˵֪ޡҵļѻң׷Ǹ϶ʾȥˣ
пһǱŵã仰еζҲǸеһǿҵĲо
ʲô˼
ȻޡҪͬԿңһеģֻһڵСѣ
仰ͬ˳ĬưϵٸߣףҲֻһѣ漰ƵϣҲû취⡣
Ƕȥɣ¡ֻˡѳãȻһ̾˻֣ԵЩɺ
˵ͷõңܿڡ
㰲Щͽˣһ֪ðСѣƾҲ뺳ǵ
ѷԸһ䣬оâ˸͸һɭȻ֮ɫ


1090 
ǳ硣
һϮӻƵ۵ĵڶϥɫ£ڡ

ǰһŴħѪϢѪʯ𣬶ը飬һɺ嫺ӵڶ
Ѫʯħ֮Ѫƶɣ̺Ȱ֮Ѱɶԣһϰٿ飬ѾǼޣٶп߻ħ
ЩԳϫĵڶ˵㲻ʲô
ؾãǳʱĻ붼¡
ҲûޱȣԳƵɵһˣ£ٶѪʯ޷ҡϫĸԲݳʲôΣա
¡¡
糱֮һӿ룬ϫڶڱ㼴һ糤ӱڵľ죬ǺƺƵ֮һͷֱײޣʼѪ⡢Űߣ֮һһѨϡһǾСݺݹһ飬һɾʹӿȫ
ϫƺһǿžʹҧת¾֮
Һĵڶѱü⾫֣ˣǿʶǣ£һɹ֮ʼѭ
ÿѭһ죬һɱĥ¡
Ѫ⡢ƤĤǣëУ籡һϼͷųʢҫ۵Ĺ
ܹƤУһĵϺۼ֮ڣһϸ˿ĵۡ
ѪҺУƾһĵϢ
ħߵʥĵ·ҪʥһǽǴ֮
ΨˣܽɣͲ֮
˿̳ϫ£ѪҲڵ£ÿһ缡ƤĤǶȾһĹ󣬷ö
֮ѭǿÿʱÿ̵رѪʯ
̣£
ºǧѪʯ֮󣬳ϫĵڶǱһȵ֣֮ԶԶһ˾񱻲ϼЮĳһûһ˿졣
һжһּµĳС
ϫûֹһ鴸̨ΧһжȻ
ꡭ
ӿ֮ݺݳţϫѴﵽͰһ̱㽫Ҫըһ
ڴʱ
䣡
һװľǳ磬ħźڻֱ顣
һϥĳϫȻ۾ڶϲĺƴʱҲ̲סһĨ֮ɫڳɹˡ
͵ڶֵֺĹϵȻһ壬ϫ˿Ҳܹܵ类峺Ȫˮϴһ飬ͨ͸ͷ
ڵڶӳճڰǧ΢ϣֻһСֱһ󲿷ֳֳյ״̬
ħ߿֮ڱһ棬ÿһ΢ϣһ磬΢ϿԽ࣬ʹŶ֪̣յԽǿ
΢ϱ򿪣νġʥ
ĵڶ˳֮΢Ͽǧÿһ΢У̺ȵ֮
ÿһ΢ϣһϸʿӵеԪǧ΢ϼĿֱ޷Ԩɲ⡣
⻹ڵڶŸոսɣԺ΢֮΢ϿĿԶԽԽࡣ
ɾУͬĸΣֱǡա١󱱹顱϶ɡ
ĸΣֱļֱ֮ӦɳڡڡںԲ֮
ʱϫڶΪڡա֮
νգ
ϸȥϫڶʮ΢ϣֳͼǡһҶ΢̺֮͵⣬ӳյ˺֡
֮Ϊ֮
ִ˾֮Ҫɱϫĵڶǰʮ΢ϳɱ
ħǿ֮ǿ˷ָ
ڶǽɣȥһĽᣬѧԺѲʱ䣬ҵı뾡Բ֮ҲֻеʱӦܰǰһǧС
ϫһ˼εĴС

һԣڶ֮󣬲δиʣµİٶѪʯ֮ӿڣʼ͹硣

Ƽϫǳչأת˲¹ȥ
вδʲô䶯£ȴ֣Ĵ֮ĹϵԱ΢
ޡԽԽʱе֮ϿȥϵԽԽС
ң񱻹ҵĸ߲㣬ӵܣԶұ䵭̬ȣһ˿жԵζ
ûܲµ־Ƶı仯ʲôԭɵġ
ܲµҲţһеģֻΪϫһѽԼһδȷϵݡ
ཻڴˣưϵȴÿ춼ڷ仯ҫ۵ǿߵγϣڽ̾
Ҳͬгõĸ֣һֱֲǱԽԵð޹ϧ
Ͼɽ磡
һ޾ڣӵоǧŰɳǣڼƵ飬ȱıǸʽš
ֵһǣ⼸ҲǸ߸ͽӵھһ·˵ӷ塢Ҳѹ˺ߣ˲Сĺ䶯
Ƿ׷״ԣͷܹһԶߵĲУУ
ȻҲֻܲ⣬ҪΪһֽҲΪϱﵽ޽֮սȻӮɽϿɲС
ɽֻܻ֮
һ죬ϫƹض
ȥ£ɶԱչǳĳϫԣȴѹȥһˡ
緢һУϫ߳ң㾶ֱȥҪͶԷдһ
ѧԺԽԽˣȷһ£ԼսܰǰһǧжԶ
ϫû뵽ǣ¥ҵʱط֣ӷ͹ҲڣҲ֪ЩʲôտΪǢ
óϫһʲôʱһĹϵôˣѵַʲô鲻ɣ
ϫ
ףˣ
ҵ˭ԭǳ֡
ϫӰڴ⣬ӷ塢˽һЦӭ
ϫЦŵ˵ͷЩȷ֣ӷ͹öԼ̬ȣƺøһ˿صζ
ϸ΢ı仯ϫһ֡
ţΪƺֽˣ
ȳϫףɨһۣҼǵþϴνɺڣŹȥʱɣ
΢΢Цӷ͹öʱһЦݽ̣£


1091 ˭˭
£
ɺڽԲ֮
ٶȣֱܹþˣӷ͹ΪĵϵӵܣΪưǰʮĴڣʲôûɺͳϫһȣŶԵ˰޹⡣
һǸ̥
ӷ͹нǸпѣסȵȣɺڽԲ
ûǴĻѰսʱϫŽڶѡ
ʳ֣ϴνʱ˶೤ʱ䣿
ӷ̲סʵʵ̫ˣԼµ˳ϫڽɺڵʱ䣬ȴȥȷϡ
𣿵Ȼһ¡ȳϫش˵
ȷʣΪĸǰ˶֪ϫΪǱչ£Բ磬ôǰһУȻɺڣһܺ顣
˻
ʱӷ͹û̲סһһӲ죬̥Ǵðģ
һʱ֮䣬ϫĿⶼޱȹ죬ʵҳʲôʻݴ˿̵ˡ
ڴˣϫƳһۣ΢΢һЦ˵ѵд𣿡
ϫΣȻûôֱӸ߶ԷԵú࣬ɲϣһֱô̥
ˣҾ뿴ǵķӦ
һ䣬Ŵᣬ˵ţҧҧԸбĺ촽һģ
һ̬һ佾ʮĴϣǵȾĶǵջ󣬾ǰ֣Ҳûָˡ
ϫȻ̬Ҳ絴Ȼ޴ˡ
һ̣תƻ⣬ԼĴ㡣
ʲôҪս
֪ϫˣȻΪ˺д裬֤һսʱڣӷǾг
ԱߵĹҲһɫ
ϫѵ𣿡
һ࣬΢Ц
ӷȴһµٴһ䣺ȷ
ϫоһıƺ̫УҲ̫ˣƺԼĺдԾһ
ǺǣϫѾưˣǲҰУԲŻ̲סһ
һԽһ䣬˵ʱֻƳӷһۡ
ϫŻȻԭӷһǱݺŰһѣֲöԼġ
ҴϵףӷʱЩգݺݵ˹һۣɫƵϵܣҲдд裿
ҡͷҳбҴȥ
磬֪磬뿪ǲǻˣӷߵԼļ
õĴȻǹһλưڶ۷ǿߣĴڣӷҲûͶԷа塣
һֵòɿüֱʳϫҪд裿
ϫʼ磬ԴЦ̾ϢΪҲֻˡ
֣
á
ҪҲ󣿡
ǧ𡣡
ǡ
ֻʹʹһսѣƺͦܡѵĺܲһɵģϫҡҡͷ
ӷ塢ʶϫġ
Ǻãսʱ֧Ųס͸Ͻһ˵㡭̲סһ䡣
ϫʱЩˣһŮӳģ˵ԷԴ֮ĶǺ⣬ɶһ˶ԣ˭̵ס
һ̣նֵҼǵ㲻ϲɣκҸһܣһ˭˭

ӷ͹ýԶһ¶һĨ֮ɫһԭСӴ⸱̵ģ
ϫûע⵽ϸڣֻǺܼ򵥵ؼǵãڵһμʱʦԣ齾ǸϲһеŮˡ
ҪķڷȻҲҪѹһͷĿ뵽һ仰ӷ˵᣿
ţֹˣ
ϫǾ仰ʱͬһһͬ˵һκͳϫʱƻϫҪԼˣȻؼҡ
һ뵽⣬һڣ̣аһû뵽һֱŴ£صô

գϫǺսһ
ֻ䳡ûκ˿ڹ̾Ͳ׸֮ٴγʱǵڶʮ֣ҽԶԵЩǱ
ϫͷɢãһַⲻʱ鴤һ£ƺʲôʹ
ģҲΪں㷢ң壬֫СȲλ¶һƬһƬӨҫ۵Ĺ⻬
һžκϼΣдһ˿ȻܵʲôƵģ˶ԵЩĲɡ
ӷ͹òδ뿪˿һʱ䣬ȻһĻʱоԴЩˣЩ¡
˭Ӯˣ
˿˿ϫϳ鴤ռ⣬ɰԺЦ³ͷ˰ɣ
Ȼֿ˿ѲƣӨѩ֣һȾ̿ˮ۾쿴ֱˡ
ò˵ʱģʵ̫ˣŮ߸ϣ䣬㷢ɣ壬Ȼзһ˿գжˣ˶޲ðӵڻкúϧһ
ûУ
һ쳹ӷ塢þѣȻӭֱɱ˰Ŀ⣬ʱһľڨڨѡ
ǡ˭Ӯˣӷæתƻ⡣
ȴǲٴֻӵƳһ۳ϫҪҪȥɱǰһ£
ϫ˵ͷҡҡͷϴһ°ɣӳţʵᡣ
˵ţ˿ӷ͹ãȻǶ˵ġ
ãԵһһ𡣡Ҳ˵ͷ
˵ţ˸Էأӷ͹ãЩȻδܸһս˭Ӯˡ
òˣһȥɱǰ֪ˡð˼⣬̾Ϣһ
ӷΪȻ

ʥɳǣˮĽֵϡ
ϫһ˳ĸɱǰȥ·һȻ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻ֧ˣһʥɳҫޱȵǷ޶Ȼ벻ʶѡ
ӷ塢á߲ưǰʮǸԼļ̳ˣȨν졣
ĳϫû˱ǿ󣬿ҲһʱŵĻ֮һ
ԴսʤѰ֮󣬾Ҳû˶ڲ²ȥ򣬶ȻٴγǰȻٹעĿ⡣
ΪҪǣǺšҵļ̳һ𣬿һĻ˭ֵܱ
һУϫ޶ãֱɱڴȥȻûע⵽Ǹ߹һֵĽУһĿ⽥ջأתʧ


1092 ҡֱ
ɱǰ
ʱвפǰô֣ϵȻڷű仯ǰһٵģɻЩ֡
ųϫһ˵ִ֮󣬳ʱû
ԭܼ򵥣һؽֶʵ̫ˣҲԶ
Ź֣λôһɱǰˣĪҪ
ɣǰãҴСŴӷ壬һԾ֮УùҲŸոպеһսҲΪ˲̽
òǳϫɣ
϶ˣҲֻЩ伣ƣӷ塢öͬġ
Թԣϫӿ󰡣뵱ʱһΪӣֳˣλҵļ̳㣬֮˿һĻҲ֪θ롣
۷׷ףĿȴԶˢˢ˳ϫϣк棬оۣһ㡣
һУϫţֻһԼڸɱϵ΢΢һһʮ
ǵãϴʱԼǻһʮλѰ˵ԼЩûҲûڸɱǰвԣԼҲһ½ʮɣ
ܿ죬ϫͷӦԼ˵ȻҲԣڼƵ飬֪ΪưȡһΣ֮ҡ
ټЩһֱǱޣҪôչس磬ҪôһеǿдԾҲûɱǰвһȻֻͲˡ
һ룬ϫ˲Ȼˣǰ㿪ʼԣֳһʶȻ̽Ǹɱ֮С
һĻΧ˵ʱȷϣȻǳϫģһʱ֮Զ治ѣֻĸû˴εĳϫأ
ι˵ϫư
ɱǰһʮаɣϾսʤѰŹȥĸ¶ѣսǿҲǿˡ
׳գѵûϫѽԲˣʣ˭ĸʱаΪΣ
Բ磡죬Ҳ̫ˡ
뵱ڵΪսʤѰִԲ磬սֻѷ˷츲صı仯
ô˵ξɱǰһˣųǰʮĿܡ
ôоϫǰʮ
ǰʮôܣĻҲδ̫ˣޣֻ¶Ҳһ
˵˽ӷ塢ýԶ¶һĨ֮ɫǰʮЩ֪ļһﻹ˵֪ϫսɵɡ
ȻǲŲЩһͣһΪ˷ѿˮҲǳڶȤζ˼һ뵽ϫ˱ɵģоһˬЩȲˡ

ܿ죬ǸɱϣųϫֵһĨ⣬ʼÿһ˸Խʮ֣۾ֱˡ
ٶȣҲδ̫˰ɣ
ȻЩԼ۾
һ̣ӷ塢˵ɫҲ棬Ϣ񣬽һĨ⣬ͷظһĨţڴ˷ܣһֺġ˼
ɱǰһˣ⡭ŹȥʱѰ
˾Ŀࡣ
˵ûڷ𣿴С֣һԶоһƻա
һ̣Ӧðšڴؾһ漣ĳ֣
ɱǰգȷóѻȸ
ԶֵƮЦˮӳĵİһ֡⾲ɽġ⾳
˸һͷǰʮǰʮǰʮÿһڳһ£ҲǱԽԽ١
ֱ˺һͫףɫͣ¿ҪһԶƵ˳û
Уӷ塢˵ɫУҲǽһĨ̾һ£ʱһˡ
ׯŵķΧУᵽư仯ʱɵױȵ
ǰ񵥵壬ɽ֮Уǹƽκһǿ߶ԣɰһĪҫһϿɣ
ҫݡλⲻÿһǿ߶õģ
죡Ѿɱǰʮˡ
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ܿ죬һѳʮ
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Ⲣ꣬ڽʱУųϫֵĽֻٶȴҪࡣ
ʮһʮˮáھŵһһһĴﱻһĨȡֱ˦Ӿڳ˶һ㣬ƿԡ
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ͬʱӷԴʵһһǲ֪ˡ
ˣ࣬ӷԼһ汳ȻеҲ٣ֻһ˵Ļǿɾ̫ˡ
ǹãӷ壬Զٶ룬ΪϫʱȻڳλ÷档
Ǹλõ֣
֮ǰϫһս˲˭ʤ˭ܣڷһĻɿԸһĴ𰸡
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еĿⶼһĨϣһӵλó棬඼ƺһţż˼¡
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˸նڵ㼴ȥ⣬˳ϫ֡
򱻼£λӵ
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ӷ͹ȻҲ⣬촽״Ρ
ڳ֮У˳ϫ֮⣬ΨԵΪ侲ΪͳϫԾ֮󣬾ϫ϶ǣǲŽй
ʱĳϫһвδΪԺһȫµİ񵥣ɰǷɽܰ
һİޡİܰϸ֣ӳڳϫԺ֮Уܿ죬ҵԼ֡ϫưɰھŰپʮλ
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һĻϫ񳹵ɳоͺжѹеһɽ㣬һ˵ɡ
ȻиһɲǣһɼȵΣոٿȻӿͷǱĺÿһë׶


1093 
ɱǰһƬһƬγһڵ
ÿ˵Ŀⶼλãһ̾Ȼûע⵽ϫɫض䡣
ͬҲûע⵽һòͨƳ£ӷףͭζģ꣬˳ϫǰ
˫£УЦվڳϫǰƽӹκƿԣ˲ʲôΪ
ֻгϫ֮ǰԼ߾ûһˣиеһƼȵΣϢʱԷͻأˡ
ǡ˲ƣ
û𸽽˵ע⡣
ܹһģǴ޽ɣҲֻд޽ɲܹɽ編֮£ɴգ˲ơ
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ϫܹԷȻһֱЦеģĿȴЦ⣬ƽһ顣
˭
ϫûʱȥ˼˿̻񾭽µĹңڻ춴磬֮ȫתڣ˵ľ͵۷״̬
ǣѩһ侲ܹܵԷˣӷ塢ãǶûзԼ쳣
Լı仯һεûκεע⡣
֮ԼȺУȴǹԮ
óϫһ֪һǶԷֽţܹһģѰˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ϫеͷʵֻһɲǣԷԼߣֻһʱѡ
һƼ̣ĸУɱֲ°ٴˣ
ʵ֤ԷȷΪϫ
Ϊһ֣չĹ£еָ̽ȭⷢ򵥵һȭϫͷ­
һ֣Էƶʱһģӷ׵Ȼͨݳһǵǣǡһϻегʣâ˫
һޱȵǿߣֵһ̿ʼûзϻûиϫ˵Ļᣬôһȭ򵥡ֱֱӵԲٸϫκλĿܡ
Ĵ̿ͣ
δǰͨ˸עĴڣһ֣Ȼһ
ȻһȭȷһϢȴѰй쾡£ƹᴩبնЮһ޿ӡ޿ɱܵѹ
һɲϫͫ͵һУʵʵܵһɱϢ׼ʩչ߱񹦣õڶԼһ
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Ϊ긦һֵʱ˷ͻȻһֱֻֻۡ
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һ̣ϫֻǰһʢҲһУΪǵȹֲ̫Ҿ֮ң˽ľ£Ҳܵ˲
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ϣֻһ춯صıһŭĲҽзȻ󣬸һƬӵĻȻԼұӵĽŲ
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ɱǰˣҲѣһ֮С
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һж̫죬޷Ŀ죬ɶԳϫԣȴһֻأζҲֻԼ
ҰָϫڿǰһУټĸɱǰǿյһƬΨǰϣһ߱ʬ壬ˣɫ㵣Ҳû˴εĴɱܻʧˡ
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٣µҲưոݣû뵽Ǹһ͵һ㡣ӷȻЦѡ
£ͬưոݣߣųϫһǰıҵóˡ˵
˶ӣ뿪˵
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֮ӷ͹ñҴ뿪ȻҪظУѴ丸ס
ǣѲµһˣ
ֻԼʱϫջûסʵ
ûУֻҶҾԲô׷Ź㣬ٳǰѰ˸һ·໤ڽһ䡣
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㲻Ϊ²ˣҴ˾٣Ǹһڣǰǻңͬˣ֮ндɱ֮£Ѵǵĵߡ
ɫƽĮ˵㲻ó棬šԻʩѹε飬ұ븶ٱۣ
ϫȻƾԼڵκβңҲΨнޡҵ̶ϸԳصĴ
лˡϫ˵
ЦЦͻȻˣܰˣʱ̫ңһûü鿴ء
ἰ£ϫЦˣھŰپʮһûǰһǧҲˡ
ȴһô˵ھͿǰˣ
ţҾôģѧԺֻʣʱ䣬޵ִޣҪԽϰٸޣһҾ͵ǰһ·ˡ
ϫ˵ͷȻûע⵽ƱЩ䡣
ʲôʱʵ
ǿԣͳϫ
Ĭã̧ͷӯӯųϫЦҾԤף쿪ʤ˳ѧԺˡ
ϫ뿪ǱȻģֻˣȻˣֺαȥ
ϫҲЦˣɼԡ
һ죬עҪƽϫưϢҳ컢ɱϫʧܵϢذը㣬ɢޣȻ
ͬʱšҵĸ߲ڵҹһչһΪ̸֪
Ȼҹʮ֣һϢͻȻʹ¸ۣšҽ֮׻ֽޣжӪУ
һʯǧˣһУ˸ţ̫ʱӴķĴңΪ£˴󶯸ɸꡣ
һʥɳǣ


1094 β
ҹɫ
Ҵȴǵƻͨһڸ߲Уʱܹ峤̺޾ŭŭӴд
Ůֲ̿ڵɲ裬ȴ̤һΨֱеŭйԼͷϡ
ҹҶԣǼΪѰġ
ǳ컢ɱϫʧܶ䣬𾪣ִšҪҾʹ¸ۣȻҪֽޣΪС
һУͬѩϼ˪˳صĴ
ҹΪһ֮Ҳòи߲㶼ټƽǰ֡
ԶԶŴдŭɫԵЩò
գҡҡͷת뿪֪ԼȥУҲﲻʲôæ
ҹɫã¹ʡ
ûзԼסͥԺС·ɢȻӰԡ¹֮£ƻá
Ҳ֪ʲôǹͶƽϷһĨȻ֮ɫԼѵĿ˶Է
ԺУֳָһεӰһƽĮȻĻգսҵʸ񡱡
µüһɫ䣬ѣΪʱ磬ǲκγԽҵĻġ
һ̣ת뿪ͥԺԼס
ҽܵһУšҵʩѹʵϫеĹؼ
Ȼû취壬ţԼֻҪ㹻Ŭһᱨ˽֮
ΪһϫҪҷĿɳһ죬Ƕڵģ
ϥԼķ䣬Ŵ¹⣬ĿеȻһĨᶨ֮ɫȡ
Ѵע⣬ͳǰѧԺ
ΨеѧԺʩչ̨ӵѧԺ֮ʱǱ֮һ̣

ң˿̵ĳϫͬϥǳ磬ڴĵڶ˼
ڸɱǰĲԣһưڽ֮£νǷͷ˫𾪡
ɶһУϫ⣬ĿûоޣǷɽС
Ҳʱδ־ϲͳɾӰ쵽־
ʵԼܰھŰپʮʱҲ˲Ϊζţڴ޽ɾ֮£뻹оŰٶսΪǿĴڣ
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οҲֻܰɽ֮󣬱ȻһЩս׿ĬĬڰϵĴڡ
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ںҵĳԹûʱȥǣοšҰæҲػ˼档
ţ϶һĴ𸴡

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ɳֻһǾϣ
ȷе˵ɳǣʵϵļլϵϵǽκ̤һġ
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ʵҲˣΪɽΪϵһ壬ϲƿβޣĴ֮һĵУҲټĻҵУ
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ʱɳǺһֺĸۡС
նͥԺһߴĹ֮£һɰ£ںŨܵĳ磬˫䣬տȻǳŨܣӳһoһ㡣
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ӦڳϫʱҸĴۣ֪̽ɽĵطǶޣϧȴˡ
ոź˫ϥϵһҹɫɾ͸ĺɫƽ˵ⲢʲôһýӶѣֻҪɽ磬վһ
˵⣬̧ͷŶɾʧǣǵˣͬľ٣ҲòȥһС
ƽƽ
ɾȴһľʵںΪϵףΪһʥɼڣ˿ֳ̾ģ
ΨɾԼԷôҲԷɽ֮һϼϵӵݣòеȥԶԷ
Ҳû뵽ľҵһŮޣޣ֪δľٵãҿ϶ôġ
ɾһһ䡣
յƳһۣջĿ⣬߰ɣΪľ٣Ҳ㣬´ҿɲκˡ
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磬ڽ֮ˣҾڸոգѾ˵ʮսһܰǰһǧ
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΢΢һЦĿзһĨ֮ɫŮ棬вŲʮѣһԾ֮ҲԺѡ
˵ʮսȻȸ統껹Ҫɫߣȥһ£һ㾿ܰˡ
Цõ֣ת뿪ͥԺ
ܿ죬ѵɳеĸɱǰ
ǰԼʶ̽Уûþ۾˷ܴھŰپʮλ
Ŷҿ
һȣû뵽ȻһӴܰǧǰһǧˡ
ʶ̽УһȻǵھŰپʮλϣ֣ǲɸһĨЦݡ
죬ü䣬Ȼûȿڣ˾Ϊע⵽һ̣һĨܰ˸
Ȼһ˲ʹӰǧ֮⣬ɱǧУڳ
ף˭ȻһôʱҲһĻɾȿڵ
ͽ죬ˣҪסǧ򲻿Ϊɽ֮Сû˵꣬ȴ
Ϊ֣һĨռ˵ھŰپʮλ˵100λá
ⲻص㣬صǸֽСϫ


1095 ֮
ɶгϫļһȻҵμˣ
һԵ˻ѩźƵı۰˵Ȼûע⵽յɫǸһĨ֮ɫ
ף԰ôоЩϤ
һҲʶʲôüһǾɵϫòǸϫɣ
ɲԣƽܰھŰپʮλǸ֡
ܰϵܼ򵥣ֻһ֣ϫưɰھŰپʮ֮⣬˵
ȴп̫̫ණ뵽˼֮Уþò
ľٶʶϫֻǸһˣУϫ־һɣһýӣ
磬ѵ̲סʵ
һŴӳ˼ѣɫǻָһģû뵽Ÿոշɽ粻һʱ䣬Ȼܳɳȳ̶ȣҲеЩ⡣
ߵһѪĿô죬СӦð
üҪСö֣
治ΪȻƲƲ졣
үոմϢйسϫġ
ʱһ̬ӣƤ׷ٿȻƾո֣񣬵ݹһ
üëһû뵽ȻôɣԼչעϫϢˡ
̽ù򣬴
еݺܼ򵥣ϸйسϫʥɳеһУеĥݷȻҲҽԹ顣
һУһ㶼Ȥֻһ޺ĸйһЩĴҶѣΪϫ飬ͲעЩ
ǵģֻĳϫţ
еĹĵģеĹģǳһֱɵ񣬷ľͻɲġ
ȻǺһֹġ
֪ϫȷĺܺãΪԲճϵĴ򣬱սҲΪ
ʵɰ϶ܿһЩߣΨһû뵽ǣԷȻô죬սôߡ
ߵʲôݣ
հֵݹȥһСˡ
濴գȴЩգԲ磿ζţΪҲһͷսȴһҪ
ǵģսɾ磬ͨ˼֮սʮĿ飬հˢɰھŰپʮ
Ǹȴˣǰ󲻹ʱѣҶԷֻԲѣ
ݸȻ˵㣬ΪҵСΪżʮѡ̫ɱûʸȡ
һЩģһ뵽Ȼһһѹһͷͺܲ
յȻܺð죬ھɱ
磬ѵҪԶ𣿡۾
ûһ͸С˵һ䣬ĿһһֱĬ׷ͯյϡ
ߵǰһүԸ
ճĥô꣬Ҳһ̶ˣ½ʮȥСˡ

һ֧յ彨Ļ飡
ܼʮÿһһǴɽزѡγĺӣӵдˣ
ЩСͱĹϳ˵ĵҩпĿĥ£ս⺷ޱȣɱ¾
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ˣ治ɺ磬һʵŶɾɣǰǷɰϣŵ
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һС¶ѣˣǱ֪ҷ᲻ģʹ˷Сһ
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ͷţɽߴѧԺУΨѧԺռͷ˫ȻҪȥһ
üջǵͷǼҺ͵ѧԺĹϵãȥ˿ҪгĻҪ֡
вкܶ೤ϣڵѧԺеϰô͵ѧԺϵã
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һ󾪲У׿ɽ緭ΪƸĴڣû첻顣
˼ȴû취Ӱ쵽ѧԺ
һжδǰѧԺͷˣǵѧԺоȻҶòɵ

һ硣
ϫʹ߳׼һУͳǰޡ
ƺ֪ϫ뿪һ߳ңͿӷ塢ѵȴʱ
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ӷʱڨڨһЦԣϾҪ뿪ˣ˵ЩԵðˡ
֣ҼϴǺ۷ʣҸҽģ¡ʱһԵĹֱǰһ֧ʵ˹ȥ
֧ԼĪĴ磬ϸָڣͨ尵ɫһԣǳĹض顣
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ӷ۾󣬶ЩԾǹżҵ屦֮һһǿ׼Ʒɱ˵Ʒʱô˱ʿԵЧɽʦȦУڹ屦Ĵڡ
֧Ǻ۷һֱż֮ܣһ涼ѣȴóֱӾ˳ϫӷܲԾ
̫ˣ
ɴҲ֪żҶԳϫˡ
ϫܾԱߵӷͻȻЦû뵽ɰҸҲͬҴһЩҪҲҪϣ˼ⱲӶ׼̤ˡ
˵ţӻһ鳤ɫУϱ׭ŷܵĸַƣԵüΪغͲ
ϫȻ˿еǺ۷ʣֿ˿ӷеУɿЦŤͷֵһҡ
û˵꣬ͱˡ
ΪʱͬóһӦǣһֻޣƻͣͨף̬ͣƤëϾȻ˿˿Ƶķͼɢһ˵ơ
ԶԶһһİ


1096 ǻ
һͷϫûмޣʨƻƤëףһķƹ䰲ȴһİ
лߣƥ
ǻޣ
죬ҾȻ˴ޣ
һͷʱӷ͹òԼͬдţǵĵ̺ԣȻΪһͷ޶ȣɼǻкεȵĲ
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ϫʱҲһ͵ؾɽǿУÿǧ£ͻᱬǳϫ󣬽ʱǿ糱ϫ׹һſʯ
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Ϊ˾̾ǣһЩʯڣһ𺱼֮ǻޱеһ֡
ֻҪһʯȴΪѣΪһ׹棬ͻữ촷ۣ֮Ψ併֮ʣô䲶񣬷̺ܽɲġ֮ñ
֪һʯ֮󣬿һСķ룡Ҫ䲶ʵͶʥɾ硣
ұϵʥɼǿ֣߳
¿ұȻҲһʯʯ̺ĻΪǻޣ
Ҳӷ͹ûᷢ˾еˡ
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硢ǳɡִ
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Ϊͬɰ壬ԼΪϹһ崫Уɽʦһ֮ǣû취ɵİ
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ӷ͹õɽ絮ÿһͷǻڣӵй߽һǺ衱ķͼ
ȴͬû뵽ͷǻޣӵɷȥֻ޶Ȼ󲨣
߾סˣڰʵòҪͷϫɣ
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ʼ磬ҲЩΣԭͳɷϣһɳὫһУﲻ̣ǽɷĨһҲʧȥܹᲢ۵츳
˶٣ҲΪͷۣ֪δͷǻޣҲֻнѱˡ
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Сӣصĺ
нԶ𾪣оϫɲ⣬ɷһķ֮ﲻ̣ܹκΪãǿס
֪Ҳֻ̫һ壬Ȱ壬Ѱɽ綼ѰٳһͷˣҲɰ弸ʧ
ɳϫȻˣ
βԾ
ϫ˵񣬲ӣֻ⣬δɷ򡣡
ԣӷ͹̲ס뷭˸ֻۣɵ⣿֪ɣһ˿򲻵ģ
ϽԣУҾʹڳ֣ɷĨ˵츳֮ήͲ٣վҲһͷޡ
ǰǻ޴˳ϫǰ
ϫ룬㲻ԥһһڡ䡢аĵһɿɲ֮˺Χնһ
ԶԶȥϫ绯һĺڶܽɣɢһޱȵơ
ɵ⣿
ӷ͹һ۾档
𡭡
ԭţ̬ĮȻ͵ǻ޻Ȼ̧ͷһһԳξʯ˫ųϫ͸һɼһĨɺȻ
̬ͺͻȻһλˣֲȴȷһ㡣
һϲ취ƺеͨ
ϫɵʢһڶƵƵͷ
ӷ͵ؾʶϫֹɰ壬ѾȰԲ磬ֻҪһʱ䣬Ϊɷ
𡭡
ǻջûסһϫȥ
ͬʱҲһһɫУܣǱȵΪǿɷ
ɵδײѩˮһ㣬ںһ𣬱˴˺Ӧ繲һ㡣
һɲǣϫܵԼɵȻڿٱǿ󣬿ҪɱΪ֮ˡ
һУֻһ˲䣡
ϧһɱջͣסԭڣյĴѴﵽɾеļޣǽ֮޷ͻơ
ϫҡҡͷٶ룬ͷһͿͷǻԴԼȲ̬価֮ɫ
̲סԷԴٶǻ̬˳һ
ˣ˽ԶһЦ
ǺǻԵǻҷ֣ȴʺңֻܹϫǿ󲻵á
ʲô֣ϫ̧ͷ
ɫоһĨ֮ɫЩ˼ڣջǵţһֱСǡ
Сǣ
ӷ͹ɵùԲɫͨ죬̲סЦ޷һ佾ŮʮĴŮôһͷСǣ
ﻵˡɨһۣĿ絶Ƶģˡ
ԣӷ͹ûһۣԶɫһ࣬׷׵ͷ֣
αһ
ãԺͽСˡϫͷҲ͵֣ȴûֳѿ
ϫδǻ޸֣ɫź࣬޲ԺСǾͽˣҪúô
˵۵һĨ֮ɫһţǻޣϫϾҪ뿪ˡ


1097 ɱ
Ǻ۷ʡ
ǻޡ
һܲ·ĵɫС
ǳϫ뿪ǰšϫ˴ֱʣɼǶԳϫ£֮жС
ȻϫкҪһԭΪԼһݡɽӡ
ΣϫܺҽһԵҲǺģԼںܳһʱУò¾ս
ɵԼ۵Ժϼʱ򣬵ƾսѽƵԣԼ£ԼҲδĿ֮һ
šҺɽŲٹϵܹ֮佨һԵԳϫԣޱס
ԣջǽ˶ԷȻ󣬹뿪ޡ

ɽǧŰޣÿһ޶嫽󣬹ޱȣ己֪ٵĴ뢣֪ٵ񻰴˵
У񷡢䡢δ롢ĴޣɽĺΪڸи󶥼̾ᣬͳǿƣ
Ĵޣ貵Ŀ飬׺ɽ֮أͷųΪ֮Ľԣ
޺֮䣬ϰޣѰʵɽдԣǾһһӶԿԽľ롣
˲֮Ĵ޽ɣҪϰٸޣûиأҲ
ҺãԳϫԣɽлк֮Ĵ͹Ҳص޷ִޡ
ʥɳǣ͹С
һεӰԶԶһʯ֮󣬱ֱ봫͹̧һвǿߵȺС
ˣǳϫ
͹̫ŴĴ󣬺޺֮䣬ͥѿأʥɳ͹󣬾ɾѿء
͹ÿֻܿΣÿһδͣչʯ֮͹ֻܴһˣÿҪһʯ
ϫִʱ͹вֻʮˣδﵽϰ֮Ҳ˵ʱ͹󻹲Ὺ
£չĵͼϸϱĿرעһͨ޵·ͼ
յͼʾҪִޣ·;Ҫת͹󣬷ֱλڰ´աǧݡԭС
ԵΪģеĴ͹ľλҲһһע˳һʡ˳ϫʱ䡣
ΨһϫЩüǣʵûд͹Ϊ޺޲ͬǺԭ޽棬мһءĺƴɽ
֮ҪִԭޣͱԽɽ
˳ˣִԭ֮󣬽еĴ͹󣬾˳Ĵ֮һޡ
·ߣȻҲԵִޣȴҪػǧޣе״࣬ھ͵ִޡ
֮һ·ߣǾ̣ҲΪһ·
ɽ
ϫֿãսͼС𣬲ٶ롣
ʱ򣬴͹½вӰִܿϰ֮
Աߵɾˣվӣɾʹ͹󣬱ʱԶһ

Եһ
ϫ̧ȥͿӰٳ߸һǹֱһϮ£һ˫üа͸һ˵ơ
һһ׳ʵ꣬òͨΨһ״࣬ԵЩ
ϫһݵǣߵٶȣھͶ֮䲻¶ϢԶɢһɱ¾Ϣ
Ⲣˣɱ¾
ɾǿߣ޻𣿡
ϫ˼ܹܵԷÿһ˵ʵֻ¶ưǰʮпܸǿ󣬿ȴδ˵ʥɳлǿߵĴˡ
ɽȻǲԻԺܽĿһֱưϣϾɽеǿҲһ񵥾ҹġ
ϫջĿ⡣
ˣǵһδͰɡ
ɾһģ˵ʱֱӿ͹ֻ˵һһƴĲɢ
һ̣еʧ

㡭
Ӽֻһܽ봫͹ȴ֣ʱɫһһ絶ķ˫üһ壬¶ɢһ˵ɭɱ
һɲǣͺӾͬһͷ¶Ŀʵʵɱÿ졣
ǻǲŵɫ˲ɷһƬɪɪ͵ڵϣŭɾҶǿ
ɭϰĶɱΣ
ˣ޷ı䣬ֻܵȴ͹һοˡ
ʱǴ׳ʵһҲǵִˣ̾ϢһǺת뿪
ߣʲôɱңҲˣ
ֱ˵ӰʧƲƲ죬һ
Ϊһһĵɾƽϣ
ӽЩŭ޺޵Ҹղſע⵽Ǵ͹ƺǴ˴εĿ꣬ȴǹƻǸɱ
Ĵ׳ʵһɫҲȷ
˾Ųʮ
죬½ͳ죬˵һ뿪ޣĿĵ޵ѧԺԱ֮ǰɱ
ɿ˵ն͸žȻ֮ɫΪĿɹӽѧԺôεͳʧˡ
Ҳʶ̬أһöʺѪѶ򣬽Լ֪Ϣһһ¼У˵һѶƿնȥ

½ϥһٲ֮µʯϣֱͦӰһɲɽơ
ò㣬üĿƤһͷŨܳԺ룬͸һɸɾζ
һҵĿ˭뵽ϿΪǿߣ
˽飬ǶϴɽǧŰвѡγš
ӼϰıɽĹ̷ϳ˵鵤ҩпĥºͿ顣
ԭֹʮˣǧֻ֮ʮ˻ҪôܲסҪôֲѣΪеѰӹ
ҲӲ֤Щʸкεȵľ飬츳кεȵĳǺεȵ׿
ʵ֤ǵȷΪ㣬Ϊɱ¾Ϊս֮ͬУְμĴڡ
½ǿμĴڣ֪˵ĵ̺ʵǺε֮ǿ
ڣʮĿУٶ¶һĨɵη֮ɫ
ಣ
ڴʱһâɳ۶
ϥ½Ȼ˫һĿ⾹ͷųһĨâɫױӿҪɱ£


1098 
Ƭ̺½еɫâʧָƽ
Ѷ򿪣ãǲɷһĨ֮ɫֵ룬ͼ
һȻһݵͼ˹ȥ
ˢ
ͼȫһһݵͼһ򿪣ͬһһ㣬ϸֳһɽӡǳصľϸ΢ϼʵһ㡣
½ֳһ㣬ڵͼϻһߣϸȥǺȻһͨ޵·
ϫڴˣһᷢ½һ·ͼеͼΪ׼·һģһֺ
½ʦ֣ǷĿټһԵʵ
ʱҲѷ׷״˹
½ͷɫƽϧʦȥһĿѾǰ뿪ޣȥ
ޣһɻĿҪʲô
òҪǰѧԺ𣿡һüԼ²⵽ʲô
½ֵ˵ͷȷˣĿɰھŰپʮǡѾ߱ѧԺʸ񡣡
˶٣ڻɣʱ䣬ԶΪѧԺ׼Ϊֻô̶ȵĴðȫʱҵҪĨĿ꣬Ҳǻ
ԣһȵô˵ѵµǻԸ
½ҡͷǸˣܹµϻȴµֵġ
˵⣬һָеͼǿͼ·УΨһᴩ´աǧݡԭ޵·ΪݣĿڵִޡ
ѡ·ĿֻʧαѧԺĻᣬԣҪ־ͱ·ѡһط֡
ԣԶĿɨ½һ·ϣ¶˼֮ɫ
½ʦ֣ﶯ֣ʵ
⻹˵ɣĿȻѵִޣôǾֱǰޣãһٽĨɱ
½ڣ˴
ҲӮ˲ͬ⣬ǿֻһɰھŰپʮСѣһ˶֣ԽɱɱһֻϻҪɡ
ȴüףȻĿ裬·ϱȻͣǻ·ϵĴ͹ȫ޸ȥʱпܶԷ뿪
ǺǣʦܣЩ̫߹Ŀˡ˲ΪȻĿ½½ʦ֣Ǹô
ҲĿ׷׿ǺԼٶ࣬Ҳ½
ýһ·׷Ŀ꣬ʱ٣ɽ֮ǰȺ򡣡
½ֱԵΨˣǲʮɰܹڶԷִ֮ǰһٽ¡
˻һĿⶼڵͼϵġޡϣɽͨԭ޵Ψһ·
ĿҪǰޣȻҪɽսԲ϶ԣ½˾ٿν֮
ôǲЩ̫ˣ̲ס˵һΪ˱ѡ·ˣ
ãΪı·Թһʱ䣬ȻѧԺıʱ䣬ʱдѵʱȥɱԷԷû˸ı䴦Ļᡣ
½˵ʱĿ⵭Ȼһɨˣλǿһִ񣬹ӽиҵȣҵԵԲΪʹԣ˭⣬Ӱжһɱ
ƽȴ͸һľȻζ
˽ԶһݣȻ
ʼжɡ
½ͼƮ裬һĨ磬ɳ۶ȥ

ޣɳǡ
ˣ
һƴĲһεӰ˴͹УһϮƮȻǳϫ
һ뿪͹һܣ㾶ֱԶɳ۶ȥû;κ˼
Ŀܼ򵥣ǾޣѧԺ
ʱޣֻʣңڴĿ֮ǰҲ˼ʱ˷·;ϵĸַϡ
ɳǡ˳ɳǣʱü֮峿ԼԵִɳǣڵһ봫͹ĶС
ϫһ߷ɳۣһ˼⣬͹ÿֻΣ峿硢һΣͨɳеĴ͹ǡԽ뱱´ޡ
֪䣬Ƿɳ۳ɳ⣬һƬççֺ֮ϡ
ɳһһҹɳѲгʱԶͻȻһӵ˳ϫĳ˼
̧ͷһͿԶĿУһһŮִӸߴӢһϮɫۣŮʸ߹
ѵҵ⣿ΪҪңǽɫӿధ
ˣκ죬Ϊʲô⣬˺Ѧ붼롣Ůüõ
ˣϫҡͷһػƹȥϵʱһλѣһæһḶһıꡣ
öȴ͸һɲɣ߸ϵζڷԸһ˰㡣
ϫһûӦͿŮӳԼ߿һ߷ɳۣһǸȻ˵˼δѾˡ
˵꣬ϫԣһּ˵ôҶܾء
ϫĪһʶƯŮӿδ壬΢΢һ㵣ԶǽµɫʱʱסԼˡ
źԼЦ绨Ůӣ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ϫһߣһĵ
ŮӵŴ磬ԳǸ󣬿ȴ̫ΪǣȻ˷УʶԼһ䣬ԼһƣΪһʱ꣬ͿˣȴûǹºƨɾߣǽܻŹԼ
ΪǵŮˣҸоδ̫˵㡣
ʲôʱδˣ
ǽĿһɨϫ㵭ǺǣԲ簡۹Ǻ޵ģĿܻῴĻɫ
Ůӵ룬һ򱶡
һ򱶣ץһ·˶ѣȻκһ򱶣
ǽ̲סЦȴޱȣųϫλѣΪ콵޸ˣŸʲôϽʧ
ϫһվǲǼƽϣޱضŮһۣ㾶ֱת뿪
ôȥ峿֮ǰȻʧ봫͹ʱǾ鷢
Ͼԣʱʵ̫ˣֶݡ
Ǳ˼ˣһһŮƽϣԣĿܱǣ
վסҸղŵĻû
Ȼòȳϫ뿪üǳɫ価ŭ֮ɫΪϫûкܺõղŵķԸ


1099 粨
ŭ⣬ϫţת뿪
˶ûվס𣿡
ϫ뿪κĽǵеˣһͬģ˵ʱһƳϫȥҪ£ԵðԵ֮
ϫŭˣȻתһ̧֣ƼԣӭԷһơ
ֱ̫֮ǰԲѷҪԼʧΪ˸ʱ䣬ϫˣûƽϣҪ뿪ʱԼ£һĴоֱŮӸ
䣡
ײʢ󣬶ֻһκ󷢳˸ǷһҽУ󵹷ɳȥ
һƣ֣
ˣһҧסԼͷκһλǿߣɳκҵӵܣڰ޵ưҲǰٵС
ڣȻһԲһ˳ȥ
һӣϫĿⶼһˣޱȻ뵽Լƺ̫˰ɣץһ·ˣʵǿ
㣬㣬֡
κ챻һƻˣŶϵŭУ˵ȴתͻһĨ磬ֱӾӴܶȥ
ȻҲԼпܲǳϫĶ֣ȥ˰æˡ
һﵹЩ
Է˸ɴ뿪ϫҲ΢΢һͽһ֮Ժ󣬴򶼴ˣôʲô
Ҳڰ޶ֻͣҪ鷳ִǰ뿪ˡ
㡭֪˭𣿡
һԵҲû뵽κ쾹˵߾ߣϵǣ·˾Ȼ˱뺷ɳǵһκҵӵܶҴ򣬰˵ֻҪɳˣӦúκݵġ
ѵ·˲ɳˣ
ܿͷӦҲǰһϫ˾٣ӰһֻӬǳһֻӬ
ЦӯӯѣɵĲллˣôͣһȥԸɣģҴӦıԲˡ
ΪӦˣɳлʲô˿͵ģѾŶųɳˡ
뷨ϫӦȻĴӦԼȻܳĸ󣬲ϸл롣
ȻҲԷɾΪܴκ죬ȻҲѰɿһ˸·ģˡӶûУһκҲضɢޡ
ˣҲֵ£һ
ٴϵǣϫȻЩĿһۣһشûУתͷɳ뿪ƺһſ
ľһֱϫӰҪʧŷӦһȻ̬ʲôʱܹģ
οԼԷһḶһʳͣȴֱӣоһֻӬƵܣɫһһס
УôӲܶҾͲһɢޣȻҵĴˣ
գȫ׷ȥ
ܿ죬ͷ֣ԷǳɳǵķȥһЦǿĵ̣Ƚ˳ǣ롱ˣ
ߣҵҪһļһҲĴڣеһ
Ҫִɳǰʱüͷһ壬κѴһˣһңңš
ҺãѾɳ֮⣬Ҳٵıκˣ˵κɳǵһ壬ҿҲѷɫκֻκҵһϵˣ֮ĳŮ
Сҹ£־
κһԹ֮ɫȳⲻѣȻһκҸΪ̣Ĵ
ϫüȥκ˵Щ֣ܼʮĸÿʵɾ֮ϣĶɺΪ
Ϣۣȴûһܹ;ȣ֮ЩʥɳڣҲֻưʮ֮⡣
óϫһͬʱֲЩԥԷôͽôȻɳеһ
ԵУϫȫڶʱڽǽȴòǣһСģһЩϼһô졣
ҪҪҳ㣬͵ղŵˣڴʱϫϴɴһ˿߸ϵʩζ
۹һƳͿǸԶԶԶɫЦЦһĨ֮ɫ
óϫŮ飿ΪΪǵľٶԼⳡ鷳
ˡʱκҲеղСӶͰһڶһԹսҽСɡ
һȴǲκ죬ֻǿųϫٲȻһҾͲ㲻Ұæģ
ϫͻȻҲδѵҪԹۣȣ
һ֮ǰѾˣһԼȣԼǴݺɱһɱһİȴû뵽ȻԼȣ
գ̲סüȳҸղŸģ㻹ˣȻԹһ԰һæ֮ǰӦı꣬Ҳõˡ
˵ȳ̶ȣȥˣ¹ԼɳǰǲɵκȻʲôŵóϫԼϷ
ûУأ㻹Լʲôԣ𣿡
κЦ˵ĵ⣬ϫĿ⣬ȴԹ
ϫˣͻȻо췢ʵ̫ԼУ˫ͬĵˣⲻˡ
ϻͬ鷢
ʵʱ񻰴˵ΪͻĵŸ״
跢ʲô㶣Ͻҹκ챩ȡ
ϫһ̧ͷ˿죬һʱ䣬֪ʱٽǰ鷳ֻ¾͸ϲɳеĴ͹ʱˡ
ಣಣ
ڳϫ㶯֮ʣԶشһƿռХ֮ӰƵģ۶
ٶȺܿ죡
Ӱ;Ʋ㶼ѹһյش̶ĺڳ˶ɫһ
иˣ
ϫһУŤͷȥӰʱ΢΢һΪ뿪ʥɳʱƺͼԷ
ӣһǹֱһϮ£һ˫üа͸һ˵ơһһ׳ʵ꣬һ״࣬ԵЩ
ˣȻǽֻϫڻ֪Էݰˡ
ϫ
ڳϫʱҲ˳ϫҲ΢΢һͬʱȳû뵽Ȼ׷϶Է
ţϽԶһĨϲɫһţ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
Ƕ˵ķӦȴκ˺Զɫһаѵһİ֣


1100 λʦ
ϫͬû뵽˾ȻϵԼ
˲֮ͬӴԷԼʱȻһ˿Ũɱ
һ˿ɱȻһţȴ׽Уеʱһݣֻ֪²ơ
ע⵽Ϊ˵ĵκɫʱϫһЦǽ˵λʦ֣ˡ
ʦ֣
ۣκ˺΢΢һ䣬ȷϣİ˹ȻСӵİ֡
һʦ֣ԼʲôʱСʦˣ
ܿ죬˾ͲףǰƣϫСǱȺΧôҪ赶ɱ˰
üͷһ壬ڣȴϫߺȵʦ֣ЩһҹһˣǿҪΪ
ˣ˭
ſҪ粵ֱϫȵʦĺãǵȷ̫ˣ
㡭
һԵҲӦҪڣϫһʦ֣ɣʱȣٲ֣ˣ
˵ţӰһչ͵سХһǳɱκˣλʦ֣죬սپΪãɳǴӵܣһе飬춼޷ˣ
ˣɫʱޱȣȴԹۣͲϫֻǳκλǺʹӾޡ
ˣ粻֣֣ƫƫʱ֣Ҫ˭浱ǰ׳գ
һκҸƢǱ꣬ɵն

ˣŭЦһĳ취ϼһֱӽԷˣѪߵķƵĵɳȥ
κλ־һ֮䣬Ͱ
һԵаһãһЩֻȷǾǳϫʦˡ
ʦ֣ɵƯ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲǲʧʱһ˵ʱ϶ǲʮָһץγһؾκ˰Ʒ磬κ˱ӿȥ
ˣڳ궯ŭӣԭǾͻɽǳϫİֻ֣ҲֻǻɣǿҲԸǲǵˡ
ɴʱԷ־Ȼ˺ߵһ¸ˣǵʱѪͷŭɶ
һﲻСӵʦΣȻҶִκ֮ˣǾͱ븶ѪĴۣ
һӣЩκҸҲ಻ס׷ŭ
ɱɱˣ
ȻɳҰ
ܷŹˣɱ
սȻһӱûɱ֮
λϢŭҶ˾ԲСӵʦ֡üһŹһ羪ף쳹˷
ȻԷȴôϫã˶ʧץϫʱǿ޷ܵġ
˵ʱѳϫȥҪ֤ԼĲǺһġ
һĻκУȴҪԮϫʱˡ
ģʱǻװ
ɶôɵİϷǻ漸ΣСӵʦ֣ΪλϵСӣ
ɵĶޣɱǣ
Ȼҵұۣôݣ˵Сӵİ֣ɣʵ̫ˣ
ɱҪǵĻıƻǵģ
κҸȺ鼤ߣ֣ƾνͣǳţΪ˵ĽͣǸеԼܵ裬ŭ
һ£ǵýҲŭˣãܺãЩĴȻͳȫǣ
˲ٳɣֶΡ
һʱ֮䣬ɱѪɣޱȡ
֮УϫȴһֱڱԵش侲۲ǽҲǰԾ˵ʵ֮ǿϣÿӵеʵҪ߳һأеޱȡ
һ˭
ѵԸԼģ
ԣҵһУ֮⣬Ҳ˰Ĵڣǡֻ˭
ϫһеһΣУָоڶʱĴƣͬ׷ɱ֪ͬԷһ
ԼǰѧԺ·ֻҲ̫ƽˡ
һʶ㣬ϫĻͣʩչǿһӲΧɱһڣȫʩչ֮˻һĨ⣬ٿȻѳɳС
κ磬Сӽˣ
׷ǲ׷
κʱɱѪɫŤһƬɭһЦҧǸǵĵϣͶʲôӵȥȽĻˣ
κ죡ϵˣǿ϶һģʱһԵԵ侲Ѵּп˲ٶߡ
ϵģֻ˴κҺܶˣκʱ״̬Ļ˵
㡭ҧкݺݵȻǸ׳գƾǻۻ׷ңޣ
ϫߣԼֱһȺ׳ղסŭ˼£ɫޱȣȫʩչֶΡ
Ƭ̹
κɾûһվģһҪô˻ʣҪôϱȣޱȡ
һ£κڸܵһֿ־壬˵Ŀⶼˣ͸޾ļɵ
ǵţκҵĸϾ͵ҲӲˣκ˲أӲͷƤ
һԷûȻýһҪɱκ죬ȴס̾ϢһȺõİ׳նѣ׷ɱĿҪ
йӵ֣ǣ˭κεǣ
һߣЩʣȻԷЩֻɳĳеӵܣˣѽȫɱֻ˶Է
ܹǳ鷳ֻᵢ׷ɱĿʱ䡣
üǿѹͷߣɱЩˣǳԷĴСϾϣȫԲԷĴҶǶ֡
ɶԷڰʹһЩСǣָô죿
߰ɣ׷ɱĿҪ
ҡҡͷһĨ磬Զɳǣˣɨκһۣתȥ
˵ĶԻδôκһһʱ֮䣬Щѵˣ
СӲǵʦܣǵ׷ɱĿꣿ
˭ʲôĿģȻǣһܷŹǡ
κҲ㶣ҧгݣɫȻɳҰҪǸۣκԺʲôɳ㣿
ԣΪκҵ˭븶ۣ
죬֪ͨи֣ȫɱˣ
ģڶóˣ
սǿΣҾͲеĴǻӲܣ
κһֱüһҧվӣĳɳǷɳ۶ȥ
֮ǰ֣κԽԽ£ЯֹĿһĻֻ˶ݸжɡ
ϧǽΪҲһ־ˣȥֻĳЦ


1101 ʶ֮ӡ
ɳǺͳϫκɳǶһ˳޽һһɽϵĳУȥȫǲ֮ɫ
һĹľ̸ɽ֮ϣ˷ɫ촵ɫӿεΪ׳ۡ
ɳеġֱ̡ɴ˶
һ¥󡢷޽ɽ£ӳ֦Ҷ֮䣬һ룬һƬĹɽ֡
ҲĽֵҲǲͬɽ·֮ϣֱһƬƬľд۸ӣһȻԹ
ʱвٵӰڹɽ֮䣬ԵַǷ
ϫһУȡ纣һĻҲһ̾ҡҡͷӰһֱǰȥ
ûʱȥʱ׷ɱ֮УҲû˼пɳǵķͬѰ
һݵͼӡԺУҲɳǴ۸Ľֵϲʧˡ
ϫûż͹򣬶߹հ˹֮һƧĽֵ´һˣӰһƾʧԭء

Ƭ̺
һӰʩʩȻ߳һƧ˵Ľֵ
СɫһϮӻƵۣͨΨһǳǺЦͨдһ˿Ϊء
ˣǳϫֻĵڶѡ
Դڶ֮󣬱㿪ʼǴһλӻеħйڤŶ
ⲿʥѧԺϰ֣֮ԭһȱŷ֮Уϫ֮۲аӶ˴˹С
ò˵⡰ڤŶȷϡϴСݣھŶ֮һһ幦
ҪվϵԲ壬⻹ֻһ֤ⲿ幦ǺεȲˣǳϫĶҪΪ̵һ
ҰճϫݣⲿרΪħ׼֮֮£ûʸ
ⲿܹأֱڤ족
ÿһ죬ߵʵᷢһ츲صı仯߾ĵھʱ԰ӹŽ£
񣬳ϫڶҲոսڤŶżҲڤһ죬ֻž
չأӵе֮һ֮ʱڤһԲ
ġָĲѰ֮ǻеġĸܼƾһ֮ѹһ磡
ڤŶһɹʱӵеġһ֮ûһĸ֮ôֲҲǲѶãѹһС绹Ǵ´ġ
ϫȻֻţδһ֮ɼˣǷ츲صɱ䣬һһѪڣԨʱ˵ͬӶײܹһɹɴ֮
Ĺ㣬ƾڵϾɹĴ֮ѹͬǿߣ
ܹһ֮޷
ϫݵó浽ʱ򣬾ƾڵսҲпܲǵڶĶ֡
ڤŶǿ֮ҲˣҲΪѣԳϫ츳Ҳڤһɻĳ̶ȶѡ
ѾɳܴﵽļޣҪΨΪͻƣ١֮Ҳڲ
ڣϫ֮Եڶ֣һΪԼпܱʲôӡŻᱻԷ׷ٵ
ҪǣڶˡڤŶܹ֮任òʣڹѨ϶ܱ仯ǡÿԸͷһٱ˲
ָı䣬αװӵС֮֮ۡۡȵ츳ͨģǿص̽๦ģҲܿıĿ
ǡڤŶϵ¶һݣ
һӦòݱˡ
ϫһ˼ţһ뿪һƧĽֵ߽һֵУӰһۣͣ㳯ԶĴ͹ȥ
峿ʮ֣ɳǵĽֵ˺ܶ࣬ޱȡ
ʲô˴κ֮ˣ
ǳսͷڶ⣬ܶ˶ˣһǰһѽɳǡ
Թԣ˭ôӣκҿɳǵһκңǻӳ𣿡
ٺ٣ҸղſǿӰҴҳǴ͹ȥ˵еء
ߣҶ˺òã˸ɱƵģϢţһ·ȫ͹ķɳۣ֪ŵ˶ˣ̫ˣ벻עⶼѡ
·˵ۣϫвɰһݣǽҲѽɳ֮ˡ
һǣԷ͹ȥȻǲ²⵽Լг̼ƻȴҲӲ汩¶ԷδյԼľ٣ֻ׷ɱˣĿɵȥ͹
ڣԵڶ֣ǾϳԼֻҲˣһ﾿Ǵðģ˺ָʹ
ϫԺźԼгĴڣȴһָоúܲܣ˭֪Ŀܻİˡ
ܿ죬ִﴫ͹
ټĴ͹ڣʱԼĪ߰ʮӰʱ㣬ٹӣῪˡ
ͬʱϫҲע⵽Ǵ͹⣬Ȼǽˣ
ɫԶЩ⾯裬絶ƾʵһֱڲ̽ܵı䶯
ϫҲע⵽Ǵ͹еӰ˵ĿԶһĨŭһЩŮӸޱȣɶһŭԵӡ
óϫ΢΢һ֮ǰһִֵ֮˲˰
Щͷеʯһϫɫֱһ࣬ش͹ɾһʯ֮󣬾ͳ͹ȥ
УܵһʪԼ̽Ĵ֣Լͨһ飬ԵüΪ
ߣ
ϫŤͷõص˽һۣŤͷ߽͹ͬһŭԵģʱѸıģȻֵܱ̫򶨣Ե̫ˡ
Ҳóϫף϶ǽ֮ǰҲͬķʽԴ͹˽˲̽ǵЩһŭ֮ɫ
ҺãղҸı˲ԣȻԱĻֻھⲻһսϫվڴ͹Уһ
ʱǴ͹ĽҲջشϫĿ⣬Ŀ꣬ҵġڤа֮ͫûпκҶԷһˣСӵ·Ҳȫ
һԵüǸƻС֮ǰϵġʶ֮ӡҲƾʧʧȥ˶ϵԷʶǵˡ
԰ġʶ֮ӡµӡ޽ɶĨģһɾСôܰ쵽
ǷеüëЩɻɳ֮УҲӦòӳǵ׷ٲŶԡ
ĳطܹòҲϵʶ֮ӡΣǱıǰľ档
һԵüΪ侲ѹ۲͹еˣ඼ɣֻȼǿߣʵУһ뿪ȵ֮󣬾ͽȫһһʣСУȻֳܱС£ƾʵӦÿɰ쵽
˶٣ɳǣ̽Сӵ䣬˭ȷС٣ؼǵõһʱ½ͳ졣
ΪʲôھͰѴ͹е˶
ΪҲ𣬿ϧѾûжʱˡ𴽽ǷһĨɬĿңңԶ㿴Щ˵ĲӬˡ


1102 ս
Ӭ
һ̧ͷȥȻͿڼԶĵطһȺӰڳ߷ɳ۶
Ϊ׵ĺȻκ죡
Ȼϵκ쾿Ǹʲô⣬ɵһĻʱɫһ
²˳٣ھж
ȣȻһѾץסش͹ɾĲӣڣ͹󣡷
ǻɫ䣬ҪܾɵӴǱ޾ɱĿʱʱһ类ǵľżһ㣬ɾ˴͹
УǽһԾ뵽˴͹С
ͬʱЩѵȴڴ͹е˼ˣԶȻ궯ѣ̲סҪ͹ʲôˡ
ϧһʵڷ̫죬ж͹˵һУڵʧԭء
ˣһתͷʱǱһƬûκθĲ
͹ˣ
ʣһûߣɱɱ
ʱЩκҵĸǷӵХ͹ԶŭŭѣȴأΨнĿ˴֮ϣԼɱ
һȺİ׳հ
̾Ϣһκ˶֣ӰһʧԭأԶɶݶȥ
׷
ˣ
κҺѹѹһȺ֣κĴ£׷ɱȥǵ·˽ԶȻ׷ܲѡ

ձãʱŲơ
һ̣ޣƼɳһϿУһһѳϿڵĴ͹С
Ȼǳϫǡ
һִȺǺȻɢ뿪
֮ǰɳǷһĻ֪ǺԼһŲ뿪Ľ߲ƣĻҶһʲô鷳ô죿
վס˭ӣɱۣ
أϿһɱֱͬʱһȻĪŨɱ籩㣬Ͽ֡
绯ɱȫתڳÿһ˶֣еü֮䣬Ǳ֮⡣
ȺȻҪ̧ĽŲȻֹÿд˺ȻǴֻΪֻȼɾǿߣŴӽͷųĿɲƣŵðεѣĻҶ
ڣ
ʵ֮ԼҪǿһ
ǽɢϫһʶ˶ԷʵĿ£ǿߣԿɰǰ֮У
ϫɣܰϣԷɱǰһǧУܹﵽʲôΣҲ޷ȷ
ӹɣԷʵȷǿ
κΪѣڣֻ農վãѻ֮̽ǵļ䣬ֻҪҪҵˣǱ԰Ȼ뿪
˵͸һɲɵζ˭ҷ
˻һ궯ÿϾ͸һɷŭȻҪ䣡ֱаħıоǶ˽һ£˷ָ
ϫҲüͷһ壬оЩ鷳ˣƾڶݣȴ޷Լļ䣬һȻᱻԷˡ
ƾʲô
̲סŭʵһɺǿߣڳ֮ҲΪߣԵҲǰη彯
ϫаһ⡣
Ȼһ̽ɭһЦ¶һѩ׵ݣ䶢ˣƾʲôƾھͿɱ㣡
˵ͬʱ̽һץâ˺գԵеĶ֮Уһ̣ǽС
ۡ
һƵ类ǧѵиٴѪһأӦûüһҽУͱĨɱ
һɺǿߣ
ȻѪһĻһɺǿͬϰ㱻ѹڳȻһ׹ߡ
ĿУǳĿ־壬һһԷʵָжǿ
ϫһݣղŽһƼ⣬ȴִ̺֮ܵɭɱǴɱ֮ĥ¶
ҲӲ֤ԷִսḻսԶԶӵеΪ硣
һĺʵǿļһǴðģ
ϫü˼ⲻѡ
ڣ˭
ڣĿĮȻ顣
Ǿ壬ջȻ֮ɫһֻܽܵģ

һͻȻһڱÿһĴָϸܵķƣһȺڵĶ̾һɢǵϢ
òҪҼϣԻǰȻ뿪
ڽһ䣬̧һӣһϰٵɫ磬ֱڳÿһֶȥ
ȻǴ㽫ÿһһѲꡣ
ˣڳÿ˵ɫȻҰףһ־ܵģ
ಣ
ȻڽֵͬʱһӰٿȻεض𣬳żԶȫٷɳ۶ȥһĨ⣬ò˼顣
һӰǳϫ
վĵԸΪԼ飬Щ޹ǡ
ߣȻ㣬ʲôʱˣߣ
һߣɫ¶һĨ֮ɫһ̣ʧԭأԶĳϫ׷ɱȥ
һ˲ѣʧԭء
ˣڳɫнԶЩµζ
İӣǿɶ񰡣
Ϊץһˣͷϣֱд
Ͻ߰ɣСٳʲôˣ˵СҲ㲻ˣԸѡԼ¶ټûǸ

տĲ֮£Ӱһ׷һӣܿʧߡ
յ蹦
һɽ֮УٿȻɳ۶һӰ˾Σ忡׿Ȼǻָ˱òĳϫ
ôˣ
ͬʱһӰӶӳֳǽӰĿ䶢ųϫ͸һĨ̵ζ
ܷңʲôˣϫƽʵ
ȻǷһĨĻȣС죬ִ˵Щʲô
ڴʱϫֱӶ֣ǧױұ֮ϣһֻ֣Ҷȥ
䣡
ӡӺ嫣һ˻ģɱµƣǿմӡ
ֻͬ˿̵ǿմӡ̺Ĳǵ⣬Ƿ˺ֹʮ
ߣ
ǵ֮ɫŨңӡ£֮͵̽һץָ̺ڹ⣬һȻֱӽǿմӡ˺ˣ
ҲӲ֤ʵǺεȿɲ
Ҫ֪ϫǵڶˡڤŶ֮սҲѹͬڣԽսҲʲôѵ顣
ڣȻһ֮䣬Լ·ˡ
䣡
Уɱһϫǰڹֺݺһץնץ顣
һץ֮£Ҫϫ˶˺ɷ飡˵ǿɲޱȣ


1103 
ϫɫһһĨȻ֮ɫ˫ӶǧӡͬʱӰٱ˲ѡ
¡¡
ϼײɽһһɽƽѹ飬̳
ʱģ޼᲻ݵһУϫһйƶ߽⣬ɱϣâ˫ͲϫκδϢܵĻᡣ
飡
ϫʩչһǿմӡٴֽͬһ㣬˺飬ɱƷͷƤһѪۡ
ϫɫأ͸һ˿˿ľ塣
ǽǵļ֮ɫŨңбĲѣЩɣֻǶԸһСһѣһ˶ɰ쵽Ϊƫƫɳʮ½ͳӣЩСˡ
ţȴ෴ʽÿһ̺ȷ򣬴һ޼᲻ݵζ
Ϊ俴Էȴᵡ⣬ǶԷˣŻ
Ǵɱĥ³ıܣԴÿһսȫԸܸӰ죬˶Է
飡
һ̶ײϫ˶õɳȥǿѪɫ԰ףӰҡҡ׹
ɣ
ˣһЦǰ˫ƹڹ⣬ѹǣɱ¡
ϫˣ͵һҧ˷ʩչͷۡͨٿȻһɸߵľˣȺ嫵ִֻ֮ʯֱ۳ں£籧Ǭݺݳȥ
ѣ
ܣ̧һץ˺ϫһֱֻۣ϶һ׶ȥƺն۵һͽϫͷ­

糱ˮѪˮӿȾ͸˽
һĻý˫һƷУϫͷиɣѪˮ̱ǵѪ
ҲûܳɱϫֻǳУһ䶯ںϣһ𣬿Ҫǡ
ɻɱ
ˣ˫һӣ͵رһƬםĻ棬ڳÿһ⡢ѪҺȫ֣ȼ
ҵİǻԪĨɱһ¿㻹ʲôʱ򡣡һУһԹۡ
ϡܹǹİɫУϫӰȴģƾҲǻ֡
ý׷ģ¶һĨЦ⣬૵ɱ˴ӣͿԻȥӸˡ
䣡
ڴʱǰɫУϫ͵һȻߵĽɱٲȻһҪʯٵģ
΢΢һЦһ湻
û˵꣬ӿһɼµΣϢͫʶͳһܶȥ
ۣ
ϧ˰ģһֱӶأ¶һڴСѪѪʲݡ
˭
ɫ͵ŤͷͿһ֪࣬ʱжһϫһϮֳһ͹ӵɽ
ţɣһУӦԷϢǿ˲ֹһ
ϫԣֽնϡ
֮ǰ͵ϮԭʮþȣɻǱԷܶóϫʶԷսǿĻٺͶԷϻ
öԷ֮ʣ뽫ɱˣԷָ⽫һս
ৣ
һѤóʢͨ콣𣬻ͻڿգһ֣ͷųϢ㽫ǧ֮صɽ롢֡ʯȫ촷һա
һִ򣿡
㲻Լ۾һ֮УС׾ִһնܻ򷨣ԽΪҲѴﵽ˴ʦĲΡ
һУһɾʩչģ
ԭΪǿеǿһǹ̥ˣ벻һȻǻҪ̬ɳĻ˵ã
һ̣Ҳҵʩչȫͳϫսһ
ԽսԽľԷսǿ֮ƽͨ죬һʱκβ˶ԷټؿأѪˮʣ˽ȥĴֻԽԽ⡭
ҺãΨһĵǣϫǸİǻ֣ʱ޷ֻ»
ʶ㣬ɫһݣɱƣڣٴһ֣񳯳ϫɱ
𡭡
Ȼڴʱһ޺𴫳𵴾һͷɫͻƾո֣צһ˺һ䡢䡢صХ
ǻޣ
һʶƺݺһģưɽɵһһɲţ뺣һ㣬ɵһɶ
ɷ򣡡
һû뵽Էӵһͷǻޣͷǻ޻ƿɷ
һж羫ְ־һ˿ҡ
ۣ
ڴʱϫ͵һնЮ纣֮ƣɱͬʱǻҲһ˻𣬴һ೯Ϯ
һӣά衣
ɫޱȣʶεĿ꣬ô򵥣ޱȡ
䣡
͵ȼճڰɫ棬ϰĶңһӾͱ룡
˫һչգȻǧһ֮ʣϫǻ޵Ĺȫ¡
С㻹ûףԼжôС
ЦȻһ̣Ȼֹɫ̣˫ͫ͹һŵģ
ΪĲ䣬Ȼһֱֻ۸ݺסͬʱϫΪǻƿڤŶķ
ڤŶ
Ȼ֪ʲôȴϫǱڰǻеѲ
ʱףʱסԼĸ첲ˡ
Щţɳߣô޾ǻ
꣡
ȽףֻһʹѣԴ೯һᵹ
㡭ղһֱʾϧϧ
Ȼûгɫ͸һ˿ɫʣǻӲһ
һ̣ϫûһͲڽڣһɻŰɢҪ͸
ߣ
һڵΣոоӿͷϫʶǻޡڶɾͳԶɳ۶ȥ
¡¡
ڳϫ뿪һɲǣǽ͵ƤƵ͵ըһɽȻ𣬻һ串ǧﷶΧĢơ
һ̣Բ֮أȫһ֮Уɽ촷ۡعѡ񱩵Űնѹôѡݣضʧɫ
ۣ
ϫܲ͵³һѪ˲ܿƵرһɿֲݺƷɳȥʹȥ
æҧƾǿ־ӲȫӣſһɿֲķΧһͰɽפ㡣
úݣȻѡԱѵĳʿ
ϫɫ԰ףֲ̧ѪգżԶĿһĻЩ¡


1104 
ԭϫ㽫ǽܣɶԷȴֱѡԱֻա
ٴϢһ󣬳ϫǲ԰׵ɫ֮ǰܵƣҲǺָܿ
ڵڶ֮ǰնɱһ⣬ۼָȱҪǿ󣬽ʧ˲پѪȫָ
Сǣߡ
ϫһǻ޵Դת뿪
û뿪˵أڸѰһصϿȣһߴһ߳˼
ʵǿֻڣսȴǿܹ⣬ÿֲݡ
ϫǽܺͶԷսãջԼʧܵĿܸ
Ķ֣һ·ϾԲһˡϫԺУӰ
ϫ֪֣ȴԷͽһģʵȻҲѷɫڽ
ͬģϫҲ˽ԷĳҲԷԼĵˣҪԼпܱվĳӰӡ
ôԷ˭
죿
ϣ
ЩɽŻɵĵж
δ֪ǿֲԴԳϫҲ⣬Էݣһ·ҲʳѰ
ԣڴ˵һʱ䣬ǸѶ

һϫ㲻ٶ룬ʼ׼ζԸ
ȣսϵĽ
ýʵΪգڳϫУֻʵĸߣ˲ֹܷһķ
۳ϫԼսǴﵽɾеļ£ܹͬʱʩչִܹ֮ܰھŰپʮǶսֱ۵֤
ǱϾֻǰ񵥣ʵɱŻᱬս
ƴƾ豾ʩչ߱񹦣ԿĨɱĻʱڴ״̬ڱѧԺΪԷͷҲǲᶯô˹
ڶΪдɳ׶Σֻͬʱʩչִ֮ˡڤŶ߱սҲֻȱԲһѡ
ճϫƣԼڶǲ뵽ưľУӦǰʮ֮Уọ̈̄ǰʮҲϣġ
һ͵ڶϣ䲻ɱеĻӦ㹻ɱ
ټǻСǣ˼ʤ㡣
ἰͷǻޣϫҲǾ̾ѣ֪СӦûֻһͷޣδɳսǿǿߣ
ټ߱ķ硢ˮĴսҲǱѰǿ߸Ϊ
СǵΪǿͬɣƤëиӡģ츳Ǳ̫֮Ҳѷɫ
ԤСɳԻһͷɵأ˷Ŀֲڣ
ΪҪǣСǸسϫʲôʯҩȥԼԴΪ
ٶȼΪֲһһϸʣСǾſѪ̵ֱģ
츳֮Уӵšɷ򡱵ɱУɶֵĹתΪԼ
ɴĿɲ֮˵Ǿףܹ͹ڰٵȵȺ򲢼
ð֮⣬Ȼ׼һЩֶβСϫһ

֮
ಣ
ޡƼɳһϿУطɳ۳һӰĴضغһ࣬
Ȼˡѵиɣ
ֱʱ޷ܽϢȷˣΪԷ걮һֱУʧ
Ҳζţǳȥ޷
һ±侲ܣطһĲ򸣬һɹεĲ˷ɢȥ
ܿ죬Ȼתѡһ򣬷ɳ۶ȥ
Ƭ̺ӰһƬĿɽС
һսԲڵɽȫ촷һգعѣ¶һĿĵѷ죬ǲɽһȣһƬ֮һ㡣
ԭѡԱ
פһƬ֮ãһУһĨɫܿһţɫ±ñ顣
Ҳ֪СӵУһ½ͳ죬ƵķչǳҵĿơ
Ƭ̺һĨȻ֮ɫóһöѶһʹԼһһһ¼ϡ
ৣ
ڴʱһĨͨ嫵Ľƾո֣˺գնƺ֮
һĻȴûһ˿ţ̬Ե쳣ƽƺԤϵһ㡣
ߣһĨĻȡ
Ӱˣ৵һ£ʧԭأɱܿ˳ϫһϮɱ
ϵ㲻ʹ뿪
ɫƽյĻȴһ˿ɫʣ˵ʱһֱڴ̽ܡ
Ϊһа֣
ϫŽƮȻɫ͸һĮȻԷܶ㿪һ֮ͬڣȻԷҲǽͬˡ
üëЩųϫĻڴܣ֮˵ƾһˣýԱΪ𣿡
ϫʼ磺ŲŶһҲɣΨЩǣ˭ģ

ȻЦ˵ۼսһ罯ɫ׷ٺܣȴǴҡ
ϫü㲻ھɱңһǧѷĺûᣬԺûлˡ
Ա˰
̾˵һĪĻ
ϫȴˣԷ˼ܼ򵥣Աˣ£Ŀܻٶ֣
ಣ
ڴʱǻһĨڹ⣬תͳԶɳ۶ȥϫ㲻ȥѧԺɣ´μʱڣ
ԶԶƮ顣
ϫȴפԭأδ׷ϣȴһĨڽ֮ɫ𣬡ô뿪Ҳôķ
δ£˵һ첨羪һȻɢһɲǼ䣬ͽԲ֮ظǡ
ͬʱؼľɫҲȻһ䣬ԭʵաȺɽɭ֣ȫһƬֲָ
󷨣
ԶشһŭޱȵȻʱѱڴУ޷ѡ
õһɲģŲһˣδ̫ϧˡڣʱˡ
УϫǻһĨ磬һƬ֮У˲Ϣʧ
ϧǣԳϫϵɲģҲֻܲһ󣬶ǹ󷨣ˣҲ㹻ˡ
ֻҪܽסսУϫռ˾ƣ
Ϊ󷨣ľ


1105 خĻ
УһɱϫҪԱ֮ǰһٽɱӲ˳
һҵĽ棬δóϫܵʲô˺֮ǰ˵սϵȷ罯ǿΨó׷ٺܡ
ϧھУóķû˿ɷӵء
գ
ʮ
ɽ
ܿ죬ϫʹе֪һУɫһ±ñĮȻңԭǡ
һӾƶϳ֮ǰڶܵ׷ɱֻҲֱۡ
ϾҲֻȴʹöɾǿվ½ģΪŽֻǴ޽ɣдҲһʥΪˡ
û뵽һûأǷˡ
ϫ֮󣬴ǷһĨĻȣ֪һУѹŵǿʯͷ׷£һɡ
ȷ˵У˼ҲǱǴɰϲԼǰһǧʵִ̽ԼҪǰѧԺӶŻᰲųһ׷ɱ
ԷĿҲܺò£ǵԼѧԺӶҲκβԼ
ҲӲ֤Сʦ˵޿ڣǵѧԺĴڣȷҲеɵ

ϫûٶൢʱ䣬ԵڶƼɳǷɳ۶ȥǽǳ磬ʼչء
ƼɳеĴ͹ܹ޺ǧޣΪݣҪǧ޵ִޣ;ȴҪתϰɳǣҪķѽһµʱ䡣
⽫һµʱ䣬ϫȻԸ˷ˣѡñǳչأΪ֮׼
ڶܹò·ߺͱҲȻͬǡ˶ĿԸ·ò
֮˽ʡʱȥʵܼ򵥣ΪϫԼִޣҪ޽ԭޣͲòһɽ
Уóϫ֪ʮפɽ֮ǰ͵ԼͶ
ʮսεĶܺͽȼ磬лһͳ켶Ĵڣڿиڰμ⼶ĸ֡
һУóϫò߾裬ץһеʱǿԼʵΪǣԼҪ˳ִɳǣƲһɽ
աǣܺãȻұƵزˣҼסˣ
ǳУϥĳϫһһ۾εĴС

Ԫڻ춴й䡢ȸ׻ĺͨγһѭӿѨϣγѭӳǬ֮ͨơ
Բ
󿪱٣γԲѭ֮ƣͨ͸ﲻȾġ
߶ԣϸ֮߶ԣͬ;ϵһ׶ΣɻοֱӹϵδߵöԶ
񣬳ϫפе۷ԲУԳƵͬ޵֣ܹ羳սľڣ
һУԴǳѰɰٱĻɴ˾Ϳ֪ĴǺε֮Ҫ
Ҫ֮ͬԵΪѣϾŸոսԲҪһؿһ󾳽УѶҲͿ֪
νɣҪıǴͨء
һأ⣻ߵǹأ黯ǣأĶֳء
أֱأֱꡢꡢꡣ
νǣָ꣬ء
ҪɣҪͨ򣬻ܻ֮֮ʱһһԴ󷽾ͻӳճԲĹΣܹܻ࣬⡱
֮УйϣФԴ󷽣ѤõĻԲȦ֣Ǿ⡣
Уĳ֣ҲζΪﵽ֮ĲΡܹΪһܻࡣ
ɣԣںεأҲ
ҲɾÿһأͬɬޱȣܽУӵеΣҲǻᷢһɱ䣡
£ϫΪ˳֮ľǽ֮ϴĥɻֻһˮɣһԾϵĻᡣ

ڳϫĵڶնǰƼɳǵʱɽУһľ׵ɽУڴ޵½üͷһ壬Ȼ۾
Ҳˡӻһ걮ɫȴһĨâһš
һ˸һɫüѡ
뿪ɳ֮ǰһݴѶ˽飬ԼĿпŸòعܹӹڤа֮ͫĲ̽顣
ǽԶ˲پ裬Ӵ˴εĿ꣬ɻû뵽ŹȥѣȻҲ䡣
һУͬһĨȻڳ˵ͷ
½ʦ֣ǷӦøıһ²ԣСӸòܹܿڤа֮ͫĲ̽ڵȺֻ»ױɻء
̲ס˵
½ɫƽҲƽҲԷܹòӹطĲ̽ô뿪ĻǸȥѰĿꣿ
һԶòϣȥ׷ɱĿ꣬ȷҲûʲô
½ĲûΨһıǵȺڴˣֻ֮ҪһЩ׼ˡ
ʲô׼һ
ɽκҪǰԭ޵ߣɱۡ½ƽ˵˵һѰ顣
˵⣬½˵ĿԶǲɽȻ˵£Ŀ꣬϶ġ

λƣǳǹȥһࡣ
һֱھĳϫüͷһ壬۾૵ǷȱһЩȥֻºڵִ֮ǰ֮ˡ
Ǻ֮ⲽ˼Ÿս
ƷʣǴﵽ׼ƷĲΣҪܹ֮ҲǺѰ쵽
ڶҲոͻƽɲΣʱڲǻСǣҲֻǴ޽׶ΣһӾͳɳ
ô죿
ϫأСҡҡͷСԴɽ磬˳֮У֮ǰ˵ɽ̫֮ǿҲֻݷ
һܹ޸˳ңͲټɵɽ֮в
治еĻͶñ߱񹦣ƴһѡţ
˼֮䣬ϫĿⲻһƳͷ֮ϣĿȥǳ£ʵһγľ񹂡׵۽񹂡ڵˮ񹂡ʵ񹂡ۻ񹂵ͼѭݡ
ǳɵ񹂣ֻռǿյһ֣ڸԶδ֪ǳѭ
һ˼Ҳһӱ˹ȥ̳ǵУ˵꼾خǰ˵һλ


1106 ˵
ǳ磬ӵǿգǿ֮£һſǳһƣһǺѭУԣ嫶ء
һǳ硣
ͬҲһ磡
ռخԣĴУƬǳУ
ǽľˮ񹂣ֻǻ񹂣֮ͬһȴŵҪǴź󷽣Ƕ˷˵С
ϫֻͥ磬ʶ񹂣ǵüخЩȴδУ𣬵ʱͷ֣һԵԼȻֱʱŷ֣
ⲢǷռһµĿʼԺĶƿ֮Ȼͻס
Խǻ䣬ϫԽǳԾ֣خǰԣÿһ䶼̺⣬ϧԼףֱʱȻ˹
񹂽ֻǻǿǳŵԿףôڴ֮Ĵأ
ϫһŬԼƽ
ظ֪ͷ񷣬͸žԾ䣬Щеķۻ㣬һһԺС
ڷĥ¡
еٷ֮۵ĸָ
зͳԦȫֵľ顣
ܻ춴硢ھѨ׭̷ͼ
ѧСʦġ񹂡񹂡ޱ񹂡׻񹂡񹂡

һᡢĥ¡顭羮ӳԺУóϫ񣬶һֻл㱡״̬С
ʱ֮š
֮仯
ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһӳϫɢصͷһſǳ֮䣬ԽһơһǺӣպǳ硣
һɲǣ財ԣҫ۶ʢ
Уǳɵľʡ׵۽ʡۻʡڵˮʡʵ񹂣ٿȻһ𣬱ǻԣǳ綼
䣡
ԼԼأһȴԨǿи֣һͷ۹ڡ嫣ΰӰһȴǰ֣գһӰһ⣡
һǿУƣϫǰĹ⣬һţͨ˼䷲ף
һ̣쳹Ǻ֮䡣
ϫԡȻǻ֮£εӰһԣǺҫһǡ
Զǿһȴţûκγɣ̤һ֮š
һɲǶѣһŵ֮£ǺơԽǺӡ뵽һȴ֮С
ٶȱ˲ƶ죬޷
ҺãⲢʵ磬򼴱ʥɼǿ߼һĻҲֻ»ᾪš

һصǿմ֮ڣӵռ䣬ĺڰ죬أɽɽˮˮ
ֻһƬռ䣬ڣ
ϫִһ̣һƬڵĿռУزһɲ졢صĲգ۹ڳϫҰУǶһ񹂣
񹂿ƼСȴּ󣬸ռ䣻Ƽ򵥣ȴַޱȣȥɷɵĸֹ켣
֮һ񹂼Ϊ죬ƵìܣʵϸȥÿһȻЭ
޼񹂣
ǿһ񹂵ĵһۣϫԺоͱĳһİĴʻ㣬ȷţԼδ˵֣ȴһ˲͸ԼԺС
һֺ飬ԼҪ֪ʲôһԺоͻḡֳһ㡣
ȻϫţǺεȴеʱԺжʱ͸ֳһۣй޼񹂵Ľܡ
޼ߣߣޣ޼ΪΪ;ǡΪ;Ѱٴ
֮Ϊ޼󣬵֮޼Ϊܻӡ
أΪ֮γ֮޼أΪ֮ʼ֮С
޼ֹڴˣ

һۣóϫ֮࣬ܿףһ޼񹂣񹂣һִУ
ִмΪأųޣܹ٣жߣյĴж٣ж
һУյжϡ
žִ򣬾񹂣Ҳ֪ܴ޼еõʲôˡ
ϫһԼ侲Ȼһ̣ӿֳһɹˮдȵ󣬸һ֣񹂵Ĳ
һ̣ϫֻǰҰһ䣬ǻ˺ڵˮ񹂣ֺȻˮзƣ飬
Щˮзƣϸһſˮ飬ӣ¶󡭡
ˮıʡˮİˮķ򡭡ϤУܱͳԦڽ֮С
ϫǰһĻ
ˣ
£ˮзƣһĽĿӴڼƣ
ÿһˮĲ̬ͬ˿糱ӿȣˮУޱȵ˺ѹ֮󡭡
һˮзܻĽһˮзƹɵĽɱУ
һɲǣԳϫǼʯԣҲɱһѣûв´Ƚǽˮ֮ﵽ˼ޣ뵽˷֮У
ں֮ǰϫͿʼ÷ͳԦִķţԼһĻʱİ
Ϊ÷֮ͳԦ򣬶˽֮У
֮֮һּɣһǼɺ壬֪֮жֲ
ڣܻȫͬĽͺñһϵһˮ֮Ͻ
ʶһ㣬ϫһԼ⡰ˮ֮ȫգսȻٴһأ
Դɽ֮ΪӴΪѧ㹦̺֮֮ҲҲûʲôʲôΪǿ
ҲûΪ
ڣȴǷ֣ԼǹڹʲԷˣΪǰֳġˮ֮յĽֹǿʮ
ǽַͬʱ̺һ֮УҲ޷͡ˮ֮Ტۣ
ͺñ֮飬ԣ
һϫɣʩչ֮򣬹ȻͿ޼ܻÿһ̺Ż֮Ĳͬ
Ȼ󣬳ϫ̽˽ľ硢׵ȰַҲͬˡ
һ£޼񹂵ãȷһִУһֲ˼ĴУܹԼյ񹂣ӵеķ֮˫ķţ
ǿ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ϫû뵽ǳУλɽµ²Ȼ˲˼һ񹂡
ֱ֮󣬳ϫŴѹһ˼⣬㼴ȻΪ޷ͻɾ磬ôʱ䣬Ƚǡˮ֮Ĵˣ
һսȻһأԼĴҲøΪȫ
һϣϫۣתˮ֮򣬺޼γɹ


1107 
ϫˮз޼񹂽Ӵһɲǣ޼ٴλˮзƣ۳һ
䣡
ˣϫûٳɣͷ񣬶ʱ֮䣬һӴĴ֮糤Ӱӿ֮С
һϽ̺ˮзıʡ̡ͳԦڷܻһнơ
ˮ֮Դ˴ﲻ
Ҳáˮ֮ĴУʱ˿ʱ磬ʱͣʱ嫡
ÿһнƣڹˮУΪ֮
һ̣ϫ˷ƽˮ磬仯ɣһжͬһƵĺۼӡС
ִУֻ̺ˮ֮Ľƣȴѽˮľ裬쾡µϽ֮УԳϫĲҲû취ʱڽա
ʱѹ˲ЩԲƱ̿޳ȫһεĸ֮С
λƣǳǹȥĸ֮á
磬Ҳǹȥһ¡
ʱ䣬ϫĵڶǴƼɳǣ뵽ǧޣϰɳǵİ棬սɳеĴ͹󣬵ִޡ
һ·ϣòǳ˳ȫûܵκǰִޡ
ϫҲ֪˾еɽԼǲյһؿ

ޣɳǡ
һϮӻƵ۵ĳϫ߽һ¥һλ£һƲˣ㿪ʼ
У˼ɽ
ޣҪӴ˵ִԭޣֻܺһݡԭ֮ɽ
һ޶ĸɽ󣬺ųӵʮɽͣޱȡ
ͨԭ޵·ֻһƹţ
ƹλɽȫշ籩ΨӴžܰȻִԭ֮ڣ
Ͼշ籩ɽеķ۶ɣͬһϣبݺԭ֮䣬ʥһշ籩֮УҲȻҪɵޱȡ
еʮֻھפƹ֮ǰϫü˼
Ҳ˵ƹ̫ʱһλɽ֮һؼŲշ籩Ϯ
һƹҲͨԭ޵Ψһ·Щפƹ֮ǰϫעҪһս
ѧԺֻʣ²һµʱˣ֮ǰԼҲҪִԭޣֻҪԭޣɳеĴ͹˲Ϣִܵޡ
ϫһܹܵǳнܡˮ֮ĴУڽܹأʱ򣬾ֱɱɽٵʱˡ
Ӧóô˻ᣬ׼һЩֶΡ
ϫ룬ʱ䣬׼һЩıȫ׼Էʮлһ½ĶڣĵˣҲԲκˡ
ڳϫ뿪ǰɳǵжһһЩ豦ʱ¥ڵһ̸ע⡣
ʲôƹţ˭ôӣ
вǿ߲ǿӲȴĨɱһڡ
ɶǾ˭ѵ޵Ĵﲻ𣿡
ܣߣ¸˵ɾɳ޽ǰôţȫܻˣ
˻ɣѵԷʲô
ȻˣɾҲ޹ǶԴһֲᣬǼɵԷı
ҵҲ˵ηƹŵʱ䲻̫ãһ£һºЩһͻ뿪
ǾҪʲô
ͲˣƺҪ׷ɱһ˰ɣ
ߣǸٹһ£޵ѧԺˣưǰұء˾ͽӰɶҪޣμӵѧԺ¼飬ǵʱ䣬ԵѧԺˣ
ǿɹܲ˰
¥һʳ۷׷ףԶЩȴҲֻɧѡ
ϫһУʱף½ֻҲѲµԼܹòط̽⣬ԼҪѧԺͲòƹϾ
ǵƹţɴɱҲŹԼóϵƣ޵ɾҲҲִ¡
ߣһЩĻ˶ѣ·ɱ֮
ڴʱһͳĺоףÿһ˶һĿˢˢ˵֮ˡ
һӢ꣬һۣüһԵۣȴһ˵ơ
ʱ΢УĿеķâ㣬ԶԶһ۾ʹұӡ
ưڶأ
˾гϳݣԣҲǸŻȻѣû뵽˵أ˾ͳˡ
һһλӵɺΪ䵶Ѱǿߣһ֮У
طսǿߣûܿסġ䵶޹ⱼţӶӮˡءĳƺš
ǵۣϫҲ΢΢һȣǾȶԷ޵ǾȶԷҲҪǰޱѧԺ
ȻˣԷưڶܰϵȻҲǰһǧУȻʸ񱨿ѧԺ
߰ɣҲʱˡһƬȻУߣһƽĻת뿪
˾ȵǣص˵ͷǸǻһ뿪ü侹͸һ˿أ
˭
ƺұ
ӦˣҲֻôɣ
û뵽ǾȻҼλ˵е὾ӣ˵ǸòҪӲƹȥɣ
⵹Ǽпܡ
ظŻ뿪¥˵ȴǲ׷ݡ
һУϫȴȤ󣬵뿪¥
ɸ
ϫֳԨǿƣУһʱ󣬱зء
ѾϵһЩʱòϵɱϤһΪɲģѡһҿջ㿪ʼչء

ϫǰһ˸ϵ죬ڰһ૵һǧ˸˷ħ¾죬Բһɱˡ
һһȷ󣬳ϫЩһӦ߲ɷһĨϲ֮ɫڽˮ֮ˣ
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Ϊϼȫ콾֮ˣΪеһԱ׾ɽĹ̷ϳ˵ҩܵͬпѵ
ɱ¾һ֮һеһ⵶һֱϻУδ֮Ѫ
ǵĵһȴôͬ飬һֱΪΪһԱԺĸܽܵˣ
λʦܷģ֮Ҹذٱˣ뼱ٴϢһҧгһһ˵
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ڴʱһᵭ˸У͵ȻŤͷ
۾Ȼ뻹ʶһ˲䣬ʶо͸ֳһεӰǴ˴εĿꡪϫ
ˣŤͷݣͲɵģԵùޱȣˮ
ϧתͷ֣ĺ·ұˣˣеʱһ顣
ͬٳٲ㣬Ҫפƹţҳû뿪֮㣬ǹԮҲӲˡ
ϫ˵ҲЩȣû뵽ԷȻ˺˵ԱԱֱһȺ֪ΪĹ̥һ㡣
ߣΪɱңͿԵִѧԺ˵Ρ뿪ڣһ˵ţϢ߬
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ȶԷ˵꣬ϫǺȻͬʱұҲһԾһƳͷ­ȥ
һνͻȻ֮øû뵽ټ֮ͫ۱ϣһΪϣҲǸӦ
飡
һ죬ͷ­ֱӱұһãѪ
ϫִ̽һֱӽǸָ߬ס


1112 ǧ֮
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һ֮ͫ۵ݳǴе޼֮ϡϫапһ̧һĨһϢͳͳȥ
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߰ɣӦðȫ࣬ЩҪֽ̡ϫƳұһۡ
ұֽ̿ɲҵѵ޷ұ֪޲ԣ޲
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ۣұһףԭЩƹŵĹ̥Ȼϼ壡
̸ٮٮߣɱȴ㹻ˡ
½Ȼ˵ʱѶһտȻϼӿһĻϢ
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ɱң㲻䣬Ҳ䣬ͬҲ䣡
ƽУϫһԾһǺӵЮǧذˣնȥ


1113 ˿
ϫһսױ
½ָһ˵һһ̣ӭ˳ϫ
ΪһޣΪһΪɱ¾ĿԵһǰбеĵ
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Ҳڳף˴׷ɱĿ꣬Ȼѳɳܹ½ͳ쿹ĳ̶ȣ

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ΪưһĴڣκһˣȴܹյ蹦
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1114 ֮
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1115 ɳ
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绮Ʋ񷣬żԶĵطɳ۶ȥǳϫұˡ
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ֻ֪ҪѧԺԼĴ֮ǰǰٲά裬෴ԼֻڵѧԺĿϣͻԽԽ

һ·ĬĬϢ˵ұͻȻ̧ͷָԶ㿴Ǿǳɳǣ͹Ǳһٵִޣ
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̸֮ʣǵִǳɳǣûеʱ䣬ֱӳд͹ȥ

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ϫұִʱͿ͹ǰѱΧµˮйͨѹѹһȺ˵ȺԵޱȡ
һĻϫ΢΢ü͹һֻܴһˣһֻܴΣǰΣֻŶ죬ҲֲԼ
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ϫǣɳеĴ͹󣬲ֻһ촫Σÿһٴνһ
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ˡ
ܿ죬ϫұԽһʯ봫͹󣬶ʧС

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ÿһϢӵд޽ɵΪиߵĴڣ
ǶɳǣһλޣӵɽһѧԺɳǣǡ׺ɽеһҫ۵飬Ų֪ٵǿǰʥ
Ҳҳϫɽפ֮أ
ǷˮĽֵ˷ǿϢϫһϢսȭͷ


1116 ƻ۶
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ڳǵѧԺ֮أǵѧԺˣ̤С
ɳûʲô𣬾¥С۴αȣܣĿʢ
ֵһǣǶɳǵǣҲ˭̸ܹڴˣЩ¥еı󣬴඼ĴеĶ
֮󣬱ǵѧԺʼڣʱһֱŵĶڳǣͻԺţܳǰȻμӿˡ
ͨߣǵѧԺһѧ
Ȼڱ֮ǰԸ޵һǿߣҪڸ޵УҵԼĽˡ
ɽ˴ţǰѧԺμӿˡ

ϫұûԭضŷĽֵǰȥڸ޵λǺڳ֮䣬ͥΪ⡣
һƬֱ
кܳһξ룬ѾܹޱڿУչ᰿裬һǿߣԶ
Թԣƺһͷ˵еĽͨƽգϢʵˣ
ഫǷʥޣɽʥޣ벻Ȼܹ
ǿ֮ϣһģķޣׯϣһ֪ѰֻҲҪѧԺġ
ѧԺݲɡħ塢塭κεͳˡԿԱֻҪͨ飬ͿԳΪѧԺѧ
ªţѵû˵һλӡɣ˴ҲҪѧԺҲ²ⲻɷӱȻǽ֮ϡ
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ϣһͷͷųɽɳ۶һȻ֮
ˣ
ϫ̧ȥԼõһյͶƣԼԼĸԷı
лᣬҲҪѰһЩ伮𱦼һ
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ΪĿǣü֮䣬һɫӡɢϢ
ϫĿɨȥʱջĿ⣬ʧߡ
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ұһ泯ϫ˹֣ԺҪϱһ
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ķֲܼ򵥣Ĵڵ޵ΧĴж
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޵λ࣬1900ϣʳϫܰϵȷ֮󣬱ϫָһ·
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ϫ뿪Ц͸һĨȻҼǵʷϣܹܰǰһǧģֻ˶ѡ
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ţ⵹ҲǣܰǰһǧУ˳ɶĴ֮УͨѧԺ˵ģųɾŶĴеĿţ޵һɱ֮ĴеһǿߣվһЩ

֮Ѳ֮ǰǰ㷱һƾõĽſտĽֵж
ֻܹܰǰһǧ֮˲֮ܽأֻЩǿܱѧԺ
һЩԷ硢ȵȵطһǿߣͬҲʸ뵽ѧԺĿ
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·ϣҲǿһ꿡ܴڸУһЩ˵Ϣ֮ǿ֮½ѶãóϫȲѡ
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Ӣϫעһ̧ͷһתһֺϵĽУȻδ޵
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ǰŮҲɷһĨ֮ɫ
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ľʵľһۣһͷӡ
ľٿЦѡ
ٴ磬߰ɣʽտžС
һ˳˵Ǹղųϫע⵽ǸӢԲꡣ
ľ룬͵ͷðɣľв岮ڵѧԺν̣鷳£Ǳˡ
˵⣬Ŀ꣬ߵСӣοòǰʮΣԺصң
һһţͰ˵ǰʮɲԣαѧԺı̬ܶġ
ľȴôתƮȻȥ
ˡ
ֱľٵӰʧԭľ۾գգһ˲Цٻ⣬˸ָСӣȥҲһгϫļһţԶޣȥһ
ϫǸʲôõСѰСӰȻЦ
ľʶݺ˶Էһۣȥȥ
СӵʱƲƲ죬ˣ̾ϢȥȥľңľС
ϽȥΪҲ֪δޣǶСħͷľʱĵƳ˶Էһۡ
ǻСħͷʽǻŮħ
СӺٺһЦľҪ֮ʣӰһʧԭء


1117 
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ڵС
ĴУһͷһУ˯죬˯˯䷢ϫһꡣ
Աߣһ꣬ӲʣһĿ֮䣬˿˿ƵϢȻưĵʣ
ʱʿ˿⣬ֿ˿һ˯е꣬üջûס˵ѧԺֻʣˣϫôû
Ƥ˶û˵ٵȵȣֻҪ⣬϶ġ
šü룬ûж˵
һǰ㶯ǰ˶ɳУͳϫûжٽֻУԶԶؼϫһ档
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峤㶼´³ϫҪΪУҲҪվڳϫߣ
ʲ֮࣬Ҳǲ⣬ǴУ㲻Ϊ˵ȳϫִ
׿гĶ̸Ҳúչ˳ϫԷԲ֮ˣһٽưԼ֡
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®ϫȻ
ߣһϷʧʮʯ϶ѡߺ˵һ䣬ʹųϫ

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ЦһʸѧԺӵܣǵˡ
ϫҲ֮⣬ưǰͬܰǰһǧ
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ϫ̧ȥĿⲻһУһһŮеһ£òѰΨɫ֮͸
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ϫ˵ͷʶԺҲʶˡ
񶨣ϫδŭֻЩʧ֮ǰҲ˵⽭Ǹ˲õľƶ΢ĩɣȴưһʮܹⱾһ漣
֮ǰϫΪˣһǶԷԼʱȻǲЩʧ
һļһΪҵĸ֦ܹҫ棬ٻһĳªҼˡ
ʲмڣοϫ
ϫüҪƺҪСĴ۰ɣ
͵һЦмǿ϶ģ˵ֻҪ޽ɣͻΪ¡
ϫͷԭˣֲûԼ
֮ǰ˵ʵѧԺĵһֿʲô
شģ룬˵ѧԺĿ֣һ򵥵ģܰϵһǧ֮ģͻᱻ̭
˵⣬Ƴһ۳ϫܰϵǵھŰپʮȴױ̭Ͼ˴βѧԺģԷ硢硢ȵȵطĶ
ƺо͵ĲһԲڵЩɽ֮֮ǰδ뵽ܰУڵѧԺĵһֿʱ򣬻ǺһܸɱڵĲԡһܰǰһǧĴڣȻһֻᱻ
ϫһУܿ׹Цⲻɽ𣿡


1118 ߴϹ

ԣƲ˭˵أη硢硢ȵطǿߣ޲ǸԽȻἷɽĲ
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ʿ˿ϫͻȻһ㶼ģ
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һԺٺЦСһͦװģԲʱѾܰھŰپʮɽɳˣǱҲֲ㣡
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ϫ׶Է˼ЦҲΪҲս
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ҡͷζս͵ϮɱʩȺŹ伫Ҫսɴʲôصġ
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˴ӦһЦãʱڶٺݣҲñ˿Цǳɳʸ뵽ĺƴսеʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢһЩԹ繲еĵǰǶô΢
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Ҫ֪ܰǰһǧɽǧŰһǿߣлĴеľ
еӵܣܰռʮҲӲ֤̺ʵкεȵĻ
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֮⣬硰ϡϡٹϡϡϵӵܣͬҲǲѷɫľԯˡ
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˶٣֮⣬ڵ壬ͬҲԺϹߴҷͥ񡣡
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ϫпԽ˽Ķ࣬ԽоԼ֪ɽ磬ǲԻ
ΪȻпǰұΪϹߴңԼĴеĶɽǿĴڣɺҲ֪ͥҪΪͥɽΨһʱŷ֣ԭбͥصĴڡ
˵ɫǴһĨȻ겻ѡ
ϫҲĳȣѣҡҡͷѹһжԣЩңԶ㵱Ϊá
룬ȽѧԺ˵
ǼɻøԶ
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һԴеôͿˣʦбԡ˵һ룬Ȼֹ
ΪǸֹ֣ԣǶɽԣԶһɻ䣬ڿڡ


1119 ݷú
ɽ磬硣
ߴϹҡĴܴͥͬ硣
Ϊл˼硢ڤظ硢硭ȵ֮
ҪǣлΪϵĵͳ
棬ڼƵܹ֪ܿܿϵͳģֻһˣܹ֪ͳֵģϡˡ
ǶɽЩԣͳĴڣͬһɻ䣬Ҳڿڡ
Ҳܹ֪ϵͳڵģϡ
ʳϷϣɽǧ˿ƵĹϵټеĵλߣܹ֪һЩйɽˡ
ͬҲģ˽⵽ϫпܱɽһλˣ
пܣǿ϶ΪҲû취ߴеõȷеĴ𰸣ףΪɻ䡱֡
Ȼͬɽܹ֪֮ԼµϫһݵģָͷĹ
Ϊ˽֪ɽȺ
Ҫ֪ҿҲɽŲٹϵ£ûƲϫҪԣҲ֪ϹͿˣ治
ԽʷˣϫȻһݣΪһֱҪأ

ΪʲôҪ
ϫԼȻ׳һЩʦŴеļɻ䲻̸Ҫǣ飬ҪԼǼخģҲСʦһֱֵġ
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1122 벽
Ķɳǣʢǰ
ʱڳ֮ŻҲѴ򿪣ڵľȴ˳ԾΪ˵ڳǣ˵һƬɽ
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죬Ҫʼˣ
һ˲ѣǺƴĹ㳡ӵʧóׯ࣬еĿԶˢˢǵѧԺĵط͸һĨڵļ
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һˣȻʥɴһ벽⡭һֱʣ


1123 ˣ
벽
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ӿҫ˫ֱ嶷ţһ⾪ӵ֣ܵ


1124 ȫȻ
һɫһ㣬ӿڸɱϣտȻȽȽǳ貳ʢڳĿ
һ̣ڳ뿼ӵܣҲýĿһգգŸɱڣŬѰԼ֡
ܿ죬һӻһǧһΪҪ̭أû뵽Ȼ˳ͨһֿˣ
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ÿһ֣һò˽Զ۲ѡ
ǼԶȺУٶЩӵǰгߣ磬һĴɴʱԼӵֳܵڸɱϣһҪôϲҪô㵸Ļаӡ
û˳ЦǣΪԼһĻҲ϶ƲסԼϾǵѧԺĿ飡ܹ˳ͨһֿ飬Ѿһֵýˣ
ʱƣ㳡ϵĻԽԽ󣬶ЩʱûгֵӵܣԼǵ򶼱ҳ
ڳ֮Уܹ򶨵ģҲһСˣԭܰǰʮĶڣҲԷ硢硢һ
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®ɫƽЦֻǵֻֿѣֱܷϣҿɲ¶ˡ
һʥȻ֣˵˵ǵѧԺɾΪ˵á
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ʥɻһۣԶЦѣ®ͽ֮ĶԹѾãʱ®ЩãҲٶ˵
綯ҼĻλӦÿྪ֮ŵܹһʱӣεУ˵ҲܳһЩ춯֮š
®ȴͻȻڣüλѰ²ˣҪϸˣĪҪϰߡ
ʥԣԶһ˼

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ӹɣһֱĽ⣬Ȼһ޾֮Щӳֳֵģ϶ԣս츳Ҫϲ١
ȻֻҪڸɱϣʹ˳ܰǰһǧ֮Уͨ˵һֿ顣
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Ǹɱϣٴһֳһϵϫ
˭ϹߴңĴ޵Ķڷ硢硢Уƺûһճµİɣ
ȫȻ


1125 ȵ
һֿеʱѾܹǸɱݳʵ
ǰһ֮УȫߴϹң硢硢塢ԼĴеĶӵܡ
磬ǰһʵͬҲɺڣֻǼڣ۵ģһľСԲꡣһ㣬ڵʮλϡ
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ΣľСͬϹߴеľ壬ǿߵĳûʲô
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һһֳ֣Ҳڳ˵עӳϫתƣ±ý
䵱ԭܰڶѰĽ׺ֱ𱻼䵽͵ʱȫٵĻȻ
ǰе®λʥɽԶüͷһ塣
Ҳζǰּı䶯ֱܹ䶯ģǷ硢ˡ
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ֻûֵģֱɽļɡԼǻ˺
Ҳ֪ڴ˴οܹסԼһΣǧɽ֮ǿ߶ȥˡ
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ǱȥҲûϵֻǵһֿѣȿֵܷóǿ
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ǼϵϵһλǼϳֹһڣ˵ֿȻǵ֮ĵһ
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ϫҲ̲ס˹ȥɽ硢硢λǿߣһֿиռʲôΣ


1126 ʮѪ
ɱϣʢ羹ͬɱһ㣬ǰλ໥ᣬǡ𣬼֮
һĻڳҲǳԾѣ֮߱ʵƽɫ£
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ϫ죬Ŀ򸡹ɱǰֻʮˣһϳ˫
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ȹŮӱӰ޳ڷٴ䣬͸У˿գϫȴȷϣԷȻǻ˺ɡ
ΪƵһ͸棬Ȼһһµġ˷桱
䲩ӣ۾˫ӺݿȻһߣµơ

ϫܹ֪ԷһƣȻġʵ٣ۼʵУıϹҼϣ
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Щɽ˼ˣǰ˿ֻҪǼǾͺð
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У®ĿһɨܣȻֹȻ˵˴ͨһֿӵܣ
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1127 ޹
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ϫ׼һʱιѵɫˮûϫֶ

ϫüëһԷƽ³һĨĻ棬һƬ׷ٻһա
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Ұ˵ʮѪԭһսޱȣ쫷硢ɷѩηȵȿֲ֡
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ֵһǣ뿼ĵ֮Ҳ໥ɱֻҪܽԷ̭֣õֵͻᱻʤߵõ
ҲʮѪеľĲпͱ̬ˣڶֿ˲ˡѪԡĳƺ
ÿһ˶ߣͬÿһ˶Щڴ˵޶ԣҲͬˡ
ʮѪ֮УӦСĵķЩԼһļһˡ
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ܽϲ뵽еӵһһ̭ٺòˡ
ҺãֻһˣʱΪʺ͹Ĵġ
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ϫһʼܵĻ
һƬѪɫһͷʪ͸һĨ˵Ϣ
Գϫ֮Ҳֻ̽⵽ԲǧﷶΧؼһܹһ㣬һֳѹָо
֮Ǿ׬ȡһЩֵΪáϫһѡһԶȥ
żȥѰӵܵΪԷӦñżҵԼŶԣֻȺԷ㹻ˡ
ȻܻһЩйӵܵϢϫҲݺ͵ϮɱԷ
յ蹦󣬳ϫȻֹȻԶ
ΪǰѪɫУһƵĺХ֮лŷŭ֮
ϫüȫϢϢǰȥˣڿԴͷӴɽڶԿ
ƺʲô
ϫһɨȻͿͷɱĲԶһqqʯѪɫУʯ϶УȻһĨ֡


1128 ǧ
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ͷ໥ɱӴɽ໥ײһľ죬ԲڵѪɫһѪˡ
սܼңͷģΪŹ֣һͷܲŤɫƬͷ­ƱʮɵȴΪ֮䣬ˮС
һͷʮɫӰĴֳǣͷ­ѪзһӤĹޱȡ
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һʶԶʯϣʯ϶еı֣ɢ˵
ϫǣƾʶ޷ǱıĿ
ЩŹˣѵʲôص챦ɣ
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άȵǿû취һƾӡĨ
ǡ⡱еһΪͨһּԦط߾磬һ֮䣬ܹӰ쵽ͷ


1129 ħ
ڳϫնɱǱ޺͹޵ͬʱѧԺǰĹ㳡ǰǸɱϵҲƵƵű仯
һɡ
ֵǧİʮ
ڶ
ֵһǧ߰

ֵһǧپʮġ

ǰʮδֱ䶯Ψһǣ֮ǰھŵĳϫֻһʮֵһӼǰʮ֮Уν䵽˵ʮһ
ԭȵΣȡֵʮ
ڵʮλãϹԯϵԯȡֵ١
гϫˣսɫۼ̣վЩеӵһأڶֿУֻºǰʮ֮ˡ
ǰʮҿǰһٶѣҪ֪ʮѪиսǿվֿЩӵһǳϫûʲôͬ飬ޣǺ˾ҪԿ̫ࡣ
ֹˣЩϹһĶУԶʮѪеָƣǶֲ޶࣬ȡֵΣ֮أãһϢһЩܣضǳϫû취ա
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ԣɫԶЩΡ
Ϊ˵콫ϫɱôȱ̭ﵽٸôǾû취ֹϫѧԺ
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۾һɿһ䣺ҲؽţǴϢħ񡣡
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Ҽ˵ĿѪ󣬾ᡣħ񽾰̧ͷ­ɨˡ
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üͷһ壬Աߵæɿ촫ǾŻĵ̡
׹һħֵлתˣһᴦá
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ˣ˶ǰһû뵽Ȼһֻ˹ˣȻħ˷ͬһ㡣
СһﲻҼסˣ´κ档ħһ৵һ¾ʧ
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ҲСӦ֪ҡҡͷʵǵУоŻ֣
ҡͷûУȴаβ֣ǰβʮѪصĶ򣬰Ʋ⣬ŻӦǰβһŶԡ
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˵ţĿȻλ鷳ǰβĵ̣ɼƻ֮󣬱ϿȺǻϡ
Ҫ˵ʲôֱӱϣôˣʮһݵͼֻҪСЩ԰ȻִĿ򡣡
һۣ֪û취ֻܾ


1130 Сħɱ
ѪɫС
ϫϥǿʯϣԶ
Աߣһֻëѩ׵ӣ۾峺ųϫĿȴΪӣʱη壬ʱߺޣʱȻʱԹ
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ϫƬ̣㿪ʼжϥʯϣʼЩɲġ

һɲˮ㱻ϫǿʶ׭һƣˮ
ôҪ׼ǷͼǸͷӷıΪ죬Ϊ̣Ϊʯһ㡣
⡰Сħ󡱱ԡ׻񹂡еһɱΪֶΣһɱɾеľǿߡ
ɲĲϫħ󡱣ǵסһ޽ɣ
һԵάȿϫɲһĻһ͵󣬺Ȼ뵽һѵһλʦɣ
ˣҪ´Դɱʥ֮
ʱ֮䣬άȾ׹˳ϫ̣һһţɬһƬָֻƽˣɱҲãǧЩҵնɱҵսƷã
άԽԽƽ󷴶ЩȲҪ衱ϫ֣֮Լ֮ˡ
һ
ϫϵĸɲһܻվ֮ػ֮ء

ϫգһӣһһɲģһ㣬˷ȥ
ͣ
󣬳ϫ͵طһڡ
ֻ˵һ𶯣ǷԲ֮ڣ͵һƬƬʢ֮׹⣬˺գض
ͬʱһļµȻϢȻɢ˷һ˯άһͷԵʯϣһ۾¶һĨ־壬æһöסԼ۾һѩë
Һãּ١
󷨳ˣ͸ջʱˡ
ϫһ촽΢΢⶯һ츴ӵĻɬڡ
ڱһȦȦһ㣬ɢ˷ܿͽѪ󸲸ǡ
ˣάȵöʱһ۾ģ˷뵽ҪʼҺõǧһУֻһץˣûҵͬ壬Ҳûʲôϵ
ţĿ֣߼ԮźŰ
˭˭Ԯ
ƺд֣ôˣֹȥˣѧԺ˿ֿʼ˰
λߣһȥǵĥʯɶǶԣֺγһϷʢ磿
ҿҪСģǼթƻҲвðǣӺǲٵͬ飬Ҫģϵɱˡ
ҪҪ֪ͨŻ
׳գŻ֣Ǳ˵⣬ѣ
ߣ
ѪУϰٵ˴˽֮Ҳ಻ס׷״Լϳдܳͬһȥ
һʱ֮䣬Ѫ󱻴Ƴţһι״ӰЮɱնӴɽϸͣϰţ޲ǿ壬вС鶼ֲɪɪ
ͬʱϫüĿĹ󣬾ԶƬ̺ͻȻһЦ벻һӾȻô࡭
˵ʱһӣǴٹɱлõƷ磬˴Եϡ
ͬʱŤͷһά˵ҶԾһϷǿϹ𣿡


1131 ɵ
ˣˣˣ
ѪУػζˮ󷭹ضɽҡһͷͷȻЮ棬˷ڶ
ɽߴԳ֡
ǧ޴ƵĹɫ򼡣
ͣһĹ

һͷͷι״ޣѪĳմƣң;ڣڡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵ִĿĵء
ӳҰģųʢɱʣһƬ֮ϣӿıֱ嶷
Ʒ
Щһӵɴ¶һḬ̃
ǱѧԺĸ˴ץѪв֪£ɽеıҲһȻҲƷļֵ
Ƕԣڿһֱ
Ե̫ңԶǳ֣ҲֲȾָҲ֣Ще߸Ϸˣûǵķݶ
ñ
һţͷһһ䡣
޽ԶΪȻĿе̰ңǻܹסԼϾɳֵЩ棬òһЩ
Ǿ仰̫թһӻˮǲò
ȻǾע⵽֮⣬Ӱڼսһ忡ˣһ޵Ůӡ
Ƕʶȴ֪ǿ϶еŮʱ޶¶һĨȻ֮ɫϳݡ
ԭάȣ
ҸղŻΪµһ壬Щˡ
ô˵ղŵԮźţάȷˣС椲ǿɱ˲֪һ룬ǿЩǷ
ߣǧһУûһö¼թӣʥеĳ裬Щôɱ裡
һ۷׷ףĿȴʼնɱϣ̰֮ɫŨҡ
ǻЩģǧǿǱӲˣѪһĲʹѵѧʲôĲʲôж೤һۡ
ǰһĻ׳ۣϰٺŵޣûһģ߼Ǹеɡ
мԵһȺްر治ɫĴ˶ѧġ
ģɱǲҪ͹ˣ
ڣһͷţͷް಻סŭһ䣬ͻ𼱻̽צӣɱץȥ
޶ûֻǽţͷޡ
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˳ɱץ֮ţͷҲһЩ⣬ͿϲЦ
޼ˣ۾ʱˣдشϢţ
ʲôй㣬ɵţ㲻ʲôмз𣡡һ޺ݺв˵
ǶһִģܱһռˣɣɱʱܣȽپɱĹȨ
һͷɽߴԳ˵
ˣţͷ޷ŭӵģӵģЩСļһղŵò֣ڷӵıֱɣ
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쿴СӾȻҪߣһͻȻڵ
ȥץסԵȣţͷһתͷŭţ˹ȥ
ޣɵţΪǲ֪ʲô˼СϿ϶㻹ǲǣ̰ᣡ
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һӣЩҲ಻סԶĳϫɱȥٲȻһϫв͵ļģ
ģ
ϣȻҰҵĽţ
쵰ҵ·
ֳһƬңϰȿֺ˭ҲԸһԵΪ׳ۡ
޶ʱҲٵʲôᱦûһЩգֻҪԼͺá
̬ٲȻѲƶ
ˡ
άһ߸ϫ򶷡һߵϫѲ´󣬿ɿϰͷ޺ѹѹǵضŵĶᵽɤۡ
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ЦУͷǽһ̤˫ƵģЮĹ󣬺ݺݳϫ̤ȥ
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ˣͷ⣬һɺ촽һ߼ɱϫһ˷ܽеСһ콻Ťͷߣ
ϫԣ۽Ƴһܣʮͷ޻δΧٵȴƬʱ͵άȷһּС
ԭʱһЩѾάȰΧСӣղѾ˲ɱɣϽү
ɱڡ
ϫû뵽Щ޾Ȼʱά֣ٶ룬ӿֳһƬȳʢɹ⣬̤գףͣ
䣡
һھͬһ쾪ףЩԴЩ΢΢£ͬʱԲ֮ڣӿֳһɿֲ˵Ϣ
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ûЩ޸ʲô飬ֻǰҰһ䣬ͻȻɫ˷
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ۣһҪ촷£ƽаȻƣѤõɫŤ裬Ⱦĩս١
Сħɱ
ϵˣ
ɣɵӺû꣡
άӣȻӺǣˣˣ
ģӶôСˣȻϵˣ

һŭдܿ죬ͱǺ¡¡ľȫûֻʱʱһǰҽ֮
УϫάȲȥ˷ױ֮䣬ȫ׵⡣
һͷͷޣɱڵǱ޿ɱܣ޿ӡ
άͻȻסڲѡ
ϫüôˣ
ǻ̫Ҳҿάȵ˵ҲǴһ˿ڣǱˣ˷ܣ
ϫЩƺԼҪ˰
ܿ죬͹˲ЩΪ֣Լеֵһ־˵ٶȷš
١
߰١
˰١

ȷ賤ٶȣóϫжܲѣѾʮѪһʱ䣬ֱʱſʼջֵ
ȴû뵽ַķʽջֱֵ׬ȡɨ
ֱһͷޱɱϫеֵǴԭȵһʮһǧʮ
㱩һʮ߸ֵ
һУƬ̹ѡ
ϧ󻹲ʮͷûܽ󣬷ֵ뻹Ҫʮ
ϫһе󷨣Щź졣
һ̣Ͳٶ룬УʼѹսƷЩ޴඼ɾΪνǻǱһЩһĲλɲģ


1132 ֶ
ڳϫáСħɱɱϰ޵ͬʱʮѪطͬżҵս
һϮѻɫɮ£񾲳ͷһͼɣϥһƬɷڵС
ɫׯ࣬ҫء
ܣʮӵܳĬֳľ㡢顢ơ뺡ȡ࡭һɫ
ʱǣ컨׹ӿ޷ĽɫգضԲڵĺɫɷɢ
Уһɳ͡Ȼĺɢ
һ죬ʮѪеġɷɽء⾻̾ǧ壬λǿߣȫɱ
ɵһڷ綥ӵܣԻֵ

ѴԭϣѩŰ絶ضûѩױ硣
䣡
˲䶳ǿߵĶУһΰӰ̤ÿһ£
ϹҼϵϵἧ䲩۾˫񣬼ѩХıԭϣҲһߣµȡ
顭
ڱԶ󲽶Уһţ;֮һͷͷ޺Ȼ飬ֽһ㣬޷֮
٣ֱѴԭͷŤͷʵ
ʮߡЩһǿæش
üɱ

һƬ׹۵ƽԭϣһͷѤɢϢˣշ裬죡
һ͸ġ˷桱Ʈ꣬Ƭ׹ƽԭ֣ӿĺաȼ񷡣
ԶԶȥǽİ׹ƽԭϣ޾Ļ⣬йȣһͷˣǻлߣ˷
һ죬ӵܣ׹ƽԭ˰ٰ׹ޣλɱԻֵ

ʮѪظУǿɱУս˷ֶ׬ȡֵ
ɱУɫģȻϹҡ硢硢ȶеӵܡ
ʮѪе̫ʮѪеϢһսȻҡ
뿼˵ӵܣദգʱ˱ɱΧ͵Ϯ
ûб̭ӵܣ׬ȡֵĿҲûЩӵȡ
£ϫһɱϰޣ׬ȡһʮ߸ֵ¼ûʲô
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ɴ˾ͿԿڶֿ˵ľǺεĲпᡣ
ҪޡɱҪű͵ϮɱҪʮѪеĶӻҪֶ׬ȡֵ
֮һĿ飬ӶԵΪпᣡ
Ҫǣһ飬ŽֻǿʼʱƣʮѪеһֻԽԽգ

ϫս֮󣬻һСɽƵĸɲģ඼нɲģۼֵûٹĴеɲĸߡ
֣Щϵˮȷ̫٣һɱԼϲɼɲģûʲôѹεˡ
ϫѾ㣬Ѽɲģ̰ͼƸҪ󣬶編ƣɱޡ
ݴͣ׬ȡ㹻˵ֵҪǻõĳʲôΣա
ΨһЩֵľǣΰչԼȦС
֮ǰһɱΪά취ѾвͨΪʱʮͷӵֻѽϢɢ
治еĻֻܻһطˡϫһڵġСħɱ󡱣ڸղһɱУֻһܡ
ֻ֮ҪһͻܹʹãǵǰȴǲѪٶˡ
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ˣŻɱģһ࣬ģάȻһ¶֮ɫ
ϫάǿЩ˵Щʲôģ
жĿϫһϲʵǷҪһƬɱأû뵽ԷȻٴˡ
жٶԣֻǾŻĲ£Ĳ£죡ѵ𣿡
άһ߲ǴԶһ߽Ͱ˵еľ֮ɫԽԽǿңҲݡ
ԣϫеľϲʲ٣Ŀ΢΢ţԶЩϳֻǶԸԼһˣܳ˺ƴƣ
ĪǣǻĿĲɣ
ϫüԺ֪ٵˣжϲֻյ蹦һ֧Ƶ޴ͻִ
ʱ򣬵֮ȽСħɱһ
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ϫоǰһĻ̫ˡ
ץһгϫûϵ
άλشĺܿ죬˵ʱҲƺһΪ֪ǰ˾ͽгϫ
ԣϫȴһĨ󣬶ԷȻ֪Լ֣Ȼ˸ǵģ

ΪɱңȻϧðŴɻΣգչ
ϫһӿһĨɱԭ㣬治еĻݱһ·ͷȻٲøƵĲԣһһɱ
ڣԸˣԷһģ
ûٳɣʼɡСħɱ󡱣һ޸һ߷ɿάȣ쿼УҲЩ뿼ӵ֮𣿡
ԣάȻҡҡͷҿɲ
ϫüٶʣרɴάȳҲֻǾŻһ£λ̫ͣȻû취ӴȻܡ
ͬʱǾѪԶİУһ֧ƺƵ޶鳯߷ɳ۶
ԼĪǧ֮ڣһͭϥһͷףݹ壬һɫͫ׵ߡ
ߣȻʮѪضİڡβ
ͭһ࣬һһŮǽ
ಣ
һͷèͷӥ޷ɳ۶һͭǰеλ첿£ѻѪУֻ٣


1133 Χ
βԣ˻֣һͷèͷӥޣ˳ĬһܲĹϣ粻
ԺУ˵һ߸ϵıҵū
գһɫűƽΨһ˫ɽ߬ţָ״ģʳһѪգȴδ
β˴ģһĿô죿
ͭ⣬ͻȻβ۵һĨŭһš
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ߣǳʲô©ɳе𡣡һ
β⿪أâܣɨ˽һۣѰͳ仰Ҿ㣡
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Ʋ˵βʮѪеһöӣΪľǽϫּһġ
һУýϵηܹʶϣԼ·һĪԵ
ϫʱҪҪðβ׽סȻ󽻸ãŤͷ΢Ц
ãһɱҲŰġҡͷ͡
ͷҲԣСӾȻܹڵһֿڵھλĹ̥ĨˣѧԺ֮󣬿ɾûˡ
ˣ
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̧ͷͿԶѪɫУפǧͷޣѹѹ糱ˮ㣬ɢơ
λ൱ܰǰǧ൱ǿߵޣԼһͷԺܰǰʮİβɱϫǲŽй¡
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ء
һ𣬺ƺƵ޴ǵصĹƣѪȥ

ˣ
һʯΪĵķԲ֮ڣһĨ⣬һһ١
һɲǣȴһǵĿֲϢӿ֣ƬѪضһ£
ˣϫڳһɫ΢΢ЩףüһĨƣ̬ȴһʱ޷ȥ
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ϫ֪άǵıŻץܲģ󣬾ҵľ˭ҲƵ
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άƺܵϫеŸȾǱð֮࣬ǰǰɪɪֲ̿
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ϫƳ˶ԷһۣЩŮΪȴЩôȴֱȴ³Լݡ
͹˲룬ΪǼԶĵطǵصĺƹȻһͷͷ
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˵ʱԣ裬޳˫ֿٻһ»ɬӡ˫͵չ籧Ǭ
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Ҳˣѡ֮УŻ׽ٵʽ٣顢Ȼһ档
άһӿס֮£ϫȻһˣ˫գεӰԡ֮£лߣ£ʱͿռ䶼һ̶񡭡
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գħźЩɱĺƵ޴ˣ÷׷פ㣬Ȼɫ
βҲǻȻֹƵƵ˸ԶױӿĴãŤͷһ
㲻Ƿʦȥ󣡡βָָԶĴɫɱ͸һɹ֮ɫ


1134 
ԥãҪһЩ֡
β̬ƽݣЩˣɫŻֻҪƽ⣬ʲôӦ㡣
Ʈ裬䣬Ǵã˶ȵЩʱſڵûΪħɱ󡯣ɱһ޽ɡ
޽ɣ
˻һȫ𾪣ҲֻɾѣǰβҲδﵽ޽ɵĲΣ˵ӵнǧ֮ĴǴ󣬱Ȼܵش
βҲһȴҪԵܷ࣬ƽ
ͷ󲢲ƣδͨҪϲ٣ˣҪƽЩ鷳
ԣڳ˽Զ˿
Ҫٶʮ֡
ֱԵ鷳ҪӲͬλͬʱƽ⣬ԣʱҪܹһʱִҵ
βԣŤͷǾŻ£λİšƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
Żһ𣬲Ҿܾ´һлǰӵǲ
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˵ˮ̸ֹ֮䣬һ˳ᢵȣðβһǿ߽Զİ١
ܿ죬ǾŻĲ£ǰָӣֲڡħɱߵľŹλϡ
֮λ˶ɱˮɫ
޹֮λȫ֮
𹬷λפطɱ޷ת

ˣһĿ侲ѩһֱ̫ʶһɲǼ䣬˵ͬȫ
£ǻ֧飬פشͬλǿߣһźȫ
䣡䣡䣡
ħɱܣزһ𵴱֮춯أ󶼾ҡ

βˣɫɣܹܵԶĴھҲãֻ¾ͻֱ֧顣
һԵĽߵֹһλʦֻҲû취
βƳ˶Էһۣδԡ
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ӲȥͻῴǸǷԲ֮صġħɱڲϵ
ǴԵλã
ı仯ʱڳЩ޴ʿһ¶֮ɫĦȭƣ
βҲǰͷв뵽ʥӵʦֻɱ˰ɣ
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βɫһ࣬λᡢˮǵĲ£ǲ

Լ£ƺƵɱȥ
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ָ޴ƽǡħɱ󡱵Ĳңڲһɱļ
ˣҪƵˣ¿ɸô졭
룬֮άȿǴ˷ƹ޴ǽǾ֡
Ťͷϫȴϥʯϣֱ˫۱պϣɫƶһж޲һ㡣
㡭ѵ𣿡
άҲ಻סл֣̿ʳϫʱˣ㻹ôܰľȥ
ϫۣƳάһ£˵ô
άûС
ϫ㻹ʲô
άһּˣָָ࣬ǣǡɱ˰
ϫ±۾Ȼˡ
άһȻ᣿Ȼᶼˣʲô
Ҫ˵ʲôϫǱ۾ʱٲѣڵϣ۰ͰŴ⣬ǾǾġ
ϫϥɽ£һֻù¶ضڵϣֲ̿ţԥţš

⣬ݱ۾һֱŴ󣬴ڣһжԤУÿһ趼ִеĿ
ȴĪһĨ޵ĲƺΪ̫˳ˣ
һƲ裬κεиٶҲԽԽ졣
ֻһͼˣֻҪƿһжУҪټӿٶȡ
κһͻȻŤͷԶİββڣʣµĲ£ɱ󣡡
βһüҪ𣿡
ɫ֮ؼʱ򣬱뼯ȫһٴݻ٣
βˣڰϰ£һ࣬Ҳ˵
ἰ֣βɫһлܶĺзڵļ
һǿ԰еı꣬Ĳ¿ȫǲǱɲһСѾͷϣ
ˣ֪ѾõĽͷӦ
ߣȴǲһ
βͲ̬ȣ޴ĵǲǴ֮ڡ
ȫȫɱǰƽУ͸һĨɱζ
¡
һ̣ħɱ󡱾ҲҡβѣڳĸҲð
ƣҲǴǰ
죬죬찡
⣬ɫͣȴǰΪͷƵһƲԽԽƺãͻʲô鷢һ㡣
ˣ
ʱһ͵˻ȫܡ
һ𣬻ȻŤͷȥȻνġʱһĨδЦݵʱ̡
ҪҪҲְæһЦŷɳ۶
ĲβҲڿն𣬳ͷʾ
ȴţĿǴ૵ôѵҴ֮Էôģһġ
̫㤣δԼͰβ˸һнԿһвã
ڴʱһɿֲ˵ϢٿȻӴһͷ˯µ̫ޱѣɢضɫϢ
һɲǣڳеķ֮Ȼֹ


1135 ׹֮·
һɿֲϢɢ죬˲ȫ
ͬʱһݻٵñ֧Եġħɱ󡱣ľ괺һ㣬ͻȻһĲ
ۿӴΧһƻɫ糱ˮ㽫󸲸ǡ
󡪡
һ쳹ص𵴰˻ϡ
һɲǣִŤ磬Ӳϯ£û
ͻıʣЩأڴг޴ʱûңϲƵд֮ɫ
ãмˣ
𣿡
ô£⾿ô£Ϊʲô
ɵǸŮ˿϶ƭǣ
һŭŭ𣬴˷ܿͱӿľ֮ûȻһĿ޺֮
棬ޱȡ
ڴս⣬һһӱɷ֮ͫţҧ촽һ
ϵˣ
ȷţԼһʼʱ˳ϫĵһ󣬾Ѱġħɱ󡱣
ܹóΪԼ֮٣Ʋãһ࣡
ô
񣬵һһԵĴܸУΪķ裬һ̣һЦһ㣬г޾Ȼʹ
Ҫһͣ
һ࣬βɫǱһƬ˫Ŀֱ֮ǰһɿϲڿǰһĻ󣬶ʱһɼµŭȡ
Ŀǰƣ֮֮ǰʱ򣬱øֲһ
βЩɣŮǲǺͳϫһԼģ
ʲôʱ㲻νǰƣˣĪΪϻԼˣ
ȳҲһңڼβʱʱ͹˲ˡ
ǰ̣δϣԺҪȢΪµģܶӲ
βǳ鴤һ£ɫˮҧƱƼˣɲǲ֮ˣ
˻һʱ
ʱѹβҪĺǣֻҲˡ
˵Ĳˣˣ
βһߣˣ̧۳Ǵȥ
Уױӿ裬ʱһĲҺҲ޷еһС
ֻ֪Щ޴ѡ
Ҳðβɫڣ취ȣҵĲȫ䣬Ҳᣡ
ݻ֮󣬰βתͭУû졣
ߣԼСû;ȳԼ£һƵͷˡȻ
Ҫٶ˵üڿЦ
ɫҲǱǡǸô죬ѵҲǴ֮У
һ
һǿ԰еĸԶ󣬿ʼĬĬ

룬άһۣɵ㶵ؿԶһĻʱʱһԼ۾һȻģ
ô
Ҫ
ά͵ҧһԼ⣬ʹĴ̼֪Լǳ˻þ֮ǰһжģ
ǴУһͷͷɱޣǷŭŭһǵӱȴҲ·һӰȻģ
һάȫ̲ס̧ͷһĳϫһۣаֲֹ򶨣ԭ˰ţЦ֮ǰڽǾ֡
ϧ
ڴʱһֱĿĳϫͻȻۣ͸һĨźζ
άֻԴЩˣǰЩǱȫû⻹ʲôÿϧģ
ϫȴǲ֪άʲôֱĬĬӴƬ̣ͻȻ׼ֻɱȥˡ
άһ̲סʵǺúõ𣿡
ϫҡͷȴǲٽͣΪˣάҲס
ڵ֪β첿ɱʱͺԷȻûзʦҲݿ
ڲáħɱ֮ѾеķṹĶˡɡƵİ塣
һԷĹͻᱻȫɣ֮УӶ
ϫû뵽ǣȻ޴ǰԷ֮Ĵ󣬷˴Ľ̡
һõɲġ̫ǱٱͱԵһͻڶʱб
¡
ȻƬ֮һӴвǿɲ˳γһﷶΧľ޴Ģƣض
һĻͽβҲǷ׷˱ܲѣΨֱನˡ
󡭡Ȼˣ
ûû
ɶһҪɱСӣ˺
̳УһӵԭǴУŲ޴ţһн֮ࡣ
ȻЩ޴еĸ֣Ȼ͸ˡ
Ŀȴβɫѿ֮ǧ£Ȼڶ̶̲һյʱʧһǧֲʧĶ
ͽ򶼰˿ˣ޻ţôβȻٶԸǡ
쿴Ǹ
ɱɱɵ飡
ɱ
ʱ̳ɢҰԭǴһεӰ
ǽҴͷ޵ʱ۾ˣһŭ÷ԸͺȻɱ˹ȥ
ͬʱͽҲǿ˳ϫһ뵽ղűϫһѣβǱоӿһĨ⡣
ǲδ֣˲ǿһϫڵһֿУھ֮λ߳һͷ
£ðա
Ҫǣһڶʮһڶһʮͳϫ⣬ֲǲԸϣҲòܡ
Һã߻аβ
ʵܰǰʮĴڣˣԼԶޣ㹻Ըϫˡ
ͽ׷֮ʣϫǱߣչɱ¾
ӰΣԣɶݣ޴ΧУȴԼͥԺɢһ㡣
ۡ
ЩУǰһһâ˫޼᲻ݵױ
ʼնδ֣ɻһƷɱµĽƮɢڿУһʵ˿ɢ˷
Ȼһͷһͷɱ޵£иһ⣬Ѫ䣬Һ졣
ԶԶȥ޴ΧеĳϫͷһͨУݺ޴ѹӲ˺ѳһѪİ׹֮·


1136 ɾ
ۣ
ѪɣŨҵѪϢѪƮ֮䣬ųϫĽŲѪķΧҲ𽥳ǰ
Ķƻʵÿһ̤ͬһ㣬ɲǧɣسɴ磬Ȳ˲ƣȴǿ쵽˼¡
ɢĽ죬Ҳ
šˮ֮Ͻϸأ;ÿһռ䶼֣ÿһɱǰޣδǰʮɷΧֱӱĽѪж
ƫƫأϫƶһлȻɫԶɱ¾һ͡
·˵أȴһƬѪȷ磬꣡
˳ݣĽϸΣ·һǰĽ£ѵʬ塢ʵѪȡѵİ׹ǡ
Уʢ·
ۣۣ
Ƶ˷ǳеķŭڸǡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһɲǣǺܾá
ǳеķŭѻһƬţΨ۵ѹֵ˼¡
ÿһͷнһɿ־壬糱ˮ㽫ǻû

͵أһͷҲܲǰһĻĻѪȵĴ̼һͷ̶ֻӡ
һһ̣Щѱŵøεѵ޴Ȼ˷Ӵܶȥģֻ޵ȡ
һУϫɻ벻⣬ӡħʱʶڽβϡ
ЩޣĲں¶Էӵн֮УҲһȺ׸߹ˡ
ϵľƣ
ϫֻɳսͬн޵еĴڣڵһֿھŵжԿó
ңܰǰʮΨһһɳĴڣ
ǲԡ޼񹂡еġˮ֮Уۼɱս֮ͬѺѰٶٶ֡
ǵģʼգϫĿһֱԶĽͰβϣ
βϢǿ󣬸˲ѹҲΪӵһͽĳˣʱ˿̣Ҳ뿪
ºʮѪû취ɱˣֻҪ̭֣ܽ߾û˽ѧԺĻᡣ
һҲڼӶɱ˵ǰ;ԺҪɱҲɵ顣

ȺӲһѪ·֮һĻͷЩ
뿪֮ǵһĿóϫսҲڳףΪܹڵһֿУλеھŵΡ
һɱƥĽԶκܹɳУýһݣ
һе֪üһĨ֮ɫԽܣòܣ󣬿ѾΪʵ
ðβ֣Ȼʱܿȥϣǰĳϫѷܹ⡣
һǿ԰еĸɿ촫
һɲǣ͵һ£ԼԳϫսʱԳϫ˵һ仰㲻䡱
Ȼ˳ϫԼĻش𣺡ӽԺսҵʸ񡱡
ʱоɶ飬ȴһĶ⣬ϣͷϡ
ָоƾһɷơܡȻôδġ
á
Ĵɫ粻ҧһ֣ȴмѳء
ԸԼϫɡпʵǰҲòϣҲ֮
죡׼Щ޴ɢˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ɿ
һ̧ȥȻͿǽʣµĶٶͷޣǳ˷ֻӴܡ
ಣ
ȻͽǣһֱԱƴİβʱ˿̣Ȼˣ
˭õһλʵܰǰʮǿߣڿԼ±ɱ֮󣬾Ȼûйѡߣ
ͽû뵽
ɶǵţСս֮ǿǾȻӱͷһҪǺÿ
ԶԶأβ޾Թͽһɫ䡣
ߣϺ󣡷Ҳˣ
Ϻɫһҧ˵͸һɷ֮ɫһɾȻ֮⡣
һЩݣãʲô⣬һʮ˵ʱ˽һۣٳɣתȥ
ߣɣ
أϫǵȻԶԶӰһĨ磬ٿȻԶ׷ɱȥ
βͻȻߣҲ˳ϫϣĲ裬δܼʱƿ
ʱҲҪߣԲ鷢
ಣ
δ׷ڰ·Ͼͱ赲
ϫĶң˵ʱ͵ХƼһɫɽŲ㷨֮ɱ
ʽ񱩣͸һɲζ

ϫüָһȴһشڽϣƱĵˡ
ϫٴγ׷ɱȥ
ɱң׷
ȻǽǺ٣ϣɫɽһƬ콣ĻһƬӲӵϼ㣬ϫֶ¡
һǿɲ֮һƸۣʯٵĺζóϫҲüëһҵ
ָΪһСն˷Σѹ׽ԷĹѹ顣
һӵӰ١
ϫһϧŤͷĿǱñ֮ʵڸ㲻ưһļһ˲
Լԩ޳𣬽ֻΪһϧԼΪУǺϰйᣬʵʧ͸
ϫ㲻ɱңھΨһĻᣡ
Ц͸һĨ֮ɫĿһܣԴźϧʮѪأҲû취ҳɱ
ϫüѵûһֿ㱻̭ûнѧԺĻᣬʱΪٺΪ£
仰һɫһͣŭˣ
ϫˣԴؿһۣҲĳȲֽ͵ѧԺԵͬΪ£ֻ֮Ҳͬ⡣
ϫƽȻһһȴһ⵶Уɫұòѡ
ҳƶȲңϾҪ̭أѾ׼ȫֶΣҪ̭֣޷ѧԺΪϻĴڣ
شЦۼҶ磬ʲôʸЦңҪǣҳƶҲãҲһ½ļһ߹һ򱶣
ϫɫȻƽŽҪ𣿡
УǴһĨ
Ϊĸѩ


1137 
ϫ⣬͵һЦһ׳յģųϫоһĨ
һ½ļһֶʲôҲ̸
͸һԹԼЩĿͬʱлһӺԽУǶԳϫĴ𸴡
ǵģϫϫĳΪԼȻƶ࣬վɽ絮ϫֻһ½ļһˡ
ϫڴˣȴ޶ԣֻƳ˽һۣãȻȳҲ¸㣬Ҹ׺һֻ½һͨˣ㿴ݱϣĸףȴϵϵŮ
ǰλʱ֮࣬ҲЩϫΪȻҲڳϣ㲻
ɵ仰ʱɫʱ̣͵صɴһŵģ
ϵϵŮ
ôܣ
ˣΪλҪɱ
һ뵽⣬ɫ򶨲٣·һĨŨŨļڽ֮ɫһΪ˺ԼȳȻϹϵˣ߯ҲЦ
ϫȴδܣһֱв֪꣬δ˵𣬵ȴںˡ
ΪҪѧԺϾͲΪԼĴǣᵣ϶
Ҫǣ֪ţͬҲϲŹôһеһȥҲûκ壡
±ɽ֪Σ
ҲԸϣʵѪվһϣҲںΪĸ׸ҵģϡ
ϫƽδȴһңĸҲѺһϣ㿴˼飬ĸ׾ˣھԭ֪ȥգҲ㣬ֱɱ㡣
֮ԭҲ֪еӦñҸŶԡ
һһ䣬ϫδͼ˵ţ֮ȴоϫ˵Ǽٵġ
ɫЩѿпյܣҧЦֱںԣɥĲ񣡡
ϫһĿ±侲ĮȻΣһգһ̤ϼţʧȥĶĨɱ˺ˣ
ͷԸգĸһУҳϫһһֻϡš
ţ
֣һĨķͲʣһĨȻͼᶨ
ɫ䣬Ըţĵȴϫƺûѡ
գɽ֮һ
壬ǵϹߴ֮һ峤
ϫȻԣҪڽĳһ̤ϣ
⻰ôɽȴƫƫһɲɵζһӱ
ΪʲôҪ˵Щҧŭе
ϫȻֻ㣬Һ֮ĶԹƾݣϽֻĸ죬Ҳϲ𡣡
ǺݺһɫŤһƬԳأȻϫеζ
ҲݣȷûʸϽ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôһֱŬΪƶȴҪ˶ĥѣΪʲôΪʲô
ૣɫȻдһĨ
ϫˣҡҡͷ
ۣ
һĨ״̴ʺ
ɽȴȻأšΪʲôΪʲô
ֱڡ¡һĨϹ⽫ߣ뿪ʮѪʱδһɷħ״̬ѹ
ưһĴڣ׵ıڶֿ̭˵ǰڳϫУ˵ǰԼħϡ
Ϊѳħ
̫ںڵɳƫִ½ͣҲѵϴ֮ۡ

ϫʼսһħɱ󡱽ϵɲĽľջҲǼΪϲ˵ġ
ǰβµĽǧ£ڴеһǧͷµٶͷֻʣٶͶ޺Ȼɢ
ˣҲԳƵϴջˡ
Ҳһص޹Ǻǵȵɲģ׬ȡֵһʮĸﵽǧ֮
ϫȴЩ⣬ڴеֵ̫ͣͳ̤ʮѪʱɱһ޹ߡһÿһͷֻ׬һֵ
ֻһޣ׬ȡҵֵΨͷÿһͷܱʮֵңΪмֵĴڡ
ǽ֮߳еֵȫϫãжٶ֮ࡣ
ҲóϫףֲýʮѪеӵܱ˴֮Ҫ໥ɱΪȡֵֵðա
ԺҪ׬ȡֵֻºˡ
ϫһ˼⣬һս֮ǰһսкܴɷУǰβԳԼ˴ħɱײƲԼ˴ջ˶ֵ
غܿͻ֪﷢һУԼֵ߳ĻѾĻᣬò˶ãֻ¾ͻѰ
ϫüͻȻʶһ⣬ӵһأ
Ҫ֪ϴ˴ܹڶֿ˵ӵܣŲʮ˶ѣҲֻʮǰһٵС
Ȼӹɵǿ󣬿ԼӲƴȻҪصĴۣΪڵһֿʱϫսǽӵܶѹһͷ
Уܾ˵ȴȥǲԸͨˣҸܿ˳һֿ顭
ãϫϸһĨȻ֮ɫһ̿ʼ㿪ʼϳֵȵڶֿ̭þʱ׬ȡҲ١
Ͼһֻֿ̭ӵܣһЩֻ¾ǽӵһһɱҲ赲ǲֿĲˡ
ಣ
ս֮󣬳ϫӰһֱ뿪
·ϣܹܵԲǧ֮أһʶڿ̽ԼԼʶ֮ЩһһϢɢӿ
һҲԣղͰβһսƹģƴ벻˵עⶼѡ
Щһ֮ǷԼϣһӣϫһ˼ҡҡͷûЩһ
ϫĿĵǰ޴֮ǰʱķɳۣһͿ˳ʮѪصĶУӶ
ӵҪкܴҲһ·߽
硣
ѧԺǰĹ㳡ϣɱϵֵƵƵãʱʱ̶̿ڷſٱ䶯
ǰһ֮еα仯ȴҪ࣬ԭܼ򵥣ǰһٵμϹһඥӵ¢ϡ
ҪǼʵ̫ѡ
ڴʱڳеĿ⣬ȴˢˢͬһ
Ǹǡϫ


1138 
ϫ֮ǰڸɱϵǵʮֵһʮ߸
ֵΣգǰʮ֮ڣʮ֮ӵ޼ʱ̶пܱԽ
Ҳˣʱ򷴵ûжٹעϫ
ϾڳϫǰʮĴڸҲֵڴиǿԿɡ˵ȶӵ֮Ľͽ˵㳡ϾĿⶼǱǰʮλøˡ
ȻڣǵĿȴˢˢתƣ
Ϊһ֣һֲ˼ٶ֮䣬ɱǰʮ֮У
Ǹǳϫ
ֵҲѸٵرţѩһԽԽࡣ
һĻǵĿһӵɴ鶼㳡ϸһ˷ĵ֮
Թԣ̫ˣ
⣬ô£һӴ뵽ǧɱһͷеߣֵܻ
Īǣһɱһǰӵܣȡϵֵ
ܣǿǸɱǰһУʱûһʧڵʮԯֻ׬ȡһǧ߰ٸֵѣһжϫõֵɱӵá
̫ˡ
˵ûϫɻ
ܿȻֹΪȻ֣ϫɱǰʮֵ֮ڼãҰֵı仯Ҳһš
Ȼȴûͣ͵ͷ
һĻڰо®жһȻ˴εѧԺĿ֣ǵڶֿ˷ʮѪУҲû취ŵģ
ԼһĻʱвҲЩɲƲⲻȻ
ֵǧǵھλֱϫˣֳ˵ʮ˻һԩҰ
ֵǧţˣ
ֵǧģİҲ
ֵǧˣɱˣѰ֪ǱϫߣҲ֪иθ롣
ϫÿǰһȫһƬȻֱڳ˵ɫǱñЩ
ֵ仯̫ˣοɵѧԺţǶЩɳϫǲˡ
ֵһӴ嵽ǧ࣬ɱͷ޻ǿߣܰ쵽ؼǣһлڼ̵ʱڣ
ʣڴ޽֮£ʮѪУ˭˶ʱڣ쵽һУ
ԶУü¸һĨľǺСȭգ˷ܵѡ
ЦҲܱʶʶ͵س꣬ƣǾһѡγĺӡ
ˣһ۵Ŀ⣬һЦһ仨
ֵǧһ٣죡ȻȻǰѻҲˣ
˴зӦǸɱϣϫӲǰ֮УҾڶļֻ
һ̣ȫͻȻѻȸһĿ£ϫֵʼûƺҪͣ
ò˶һǼϼˣҲɫһĽɽĽ֮ǰڵһֿбѹһͷѾ֮
һ̣һҲ֪ðˣȻҪвҲЩš
Һãϫֵ仯ͣ͵״̬Ƕİ١
գϫֵͣͣǧٸֻڶļʮ߸ֵ
ˣҲڳ̾ѣͬĿһ漣һ㡣
ֱҲԼ׹ϫһеģҲǲٻɳϫڿס
飬ǴһЩڵڶֿб̭ӵԣǲ˽ʮѪصλãͳϫһλڶ
ٶĿ˰β´ɱѪһĻҲʶ˳ϫµкε֮¡
ЩӵܵĽ˵ڳȻҲ˹ΨһɻǣΪΰβҪĶԸϫ
ڳ֮УҲֻˣǿɲʱһж˵
ϻǵ͸һ˿ŹֵζֻѧԺЩϼһע⵽ˡ
Զ®апϫʱȲǷɡϼ
Ǳ֮Ѱ׺һڣҲԲһ˿
ϾһֵֻλӵھţټڶֿˣҲŽȥʱ䣬кܳһʱ䡣
ϫܱסԼΣôȻ˹Ŀֿ̫΢Сǲܷ顣
Ϊ®ڶֿĺڣǱпһʱ䣬ʱʮѪеޡ嶼ѱ¾
һҪ׬ȡֵֻܱ˴໥ɱһ˵ĳϫЩŵĶӵܶԣҪԿ١
ϧѾһ״ˡ®̾Ϣһ

ʮѪأϿȡ
ȾѪʬأأŨѪϢ
ոһսӵܣһĨ֮ɫѲս
ΨһʯϣǰһĻǷһĨ֮ɫСʱͽϿеǧȫߣÿһӵܸԻһʮֵ
һУǳֱʣܲԺ
Ψһźǣʱ񣬻ӵûǰۺϣȻʮѪʲô⡣
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ΪĴڣܻüеķ
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ڴʱһĨѩȻһͷħ
΢΢һ͹ֵĪǣ˻ʲôҪԸô
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ɫʱһš
ڶֿ˽ֻ̭ʣʮ߸ٲץʱ䣬ûκλὫĿ֣߳ԼŰɡ
ħһ仰ٿȻһĨ׹ʧ
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ϫû
βˣ
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һӿͷüͷ֮Ƭ̺һٶ롣
ڣȫϣȥնɱĿ꣡
ȻתĿһɨڳӵܣǵʱѲ࣬пʱʧԣӴ˿̿ʼǵֻһɱϫ
һɫ΢΢һ䣬ϫȻû
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ף
˲ٶ룬ɫɱӦ


1139 Ѫ
ʮѪأ
ಣ
һĨݹ⻮նŹ̶ķ򣬳Զɳ۶ȥ
;ϣʱܹһɱǷڲμӿ˵ӵܺޡ֮䣬Ƿÿһӵ֮䡣
Ӱиÿһϣ͸Ѫա鲼Ű׹ʬһƬҾ֮ذ㡣
ʱʱһٵɫϼȥǴһ뿼˵ӵܱ̭
ǵѧԺĵڶֿˣпᡢѪȡ޹ԣΪ׬ȡֵÿһӵܶߣɱĲֹޡ壬һͬеľߣ
һ·ϣϫûκε飬ֻҪ鷳ػƿ˿ҵԼʱ䣬ֵ׬ȡˡ
ΪģȻʱзӵܣصĴ
ʱһЩ鷳ʵڱܲϫ͹ϳ֣ٶȽԷĨɱһ׬ȡһЩֵҲһСջˡ
ѣһ˸·ǽ飬һͬ׬ȡֵҪ֪ʮѪأһ˵Ļ̫Σˡ
ڳϫɳ֮䣬ͻȻһȺ˺ɳס˳ϫȥ·
ǰǶȲЩӵܣ籧ΪãʮѪмֵʱԽá
ѣ֪Σ
ȺԼĪʮ˲ս¶һսϢɫ辫ɱһƬ
ûȤÿ
ϫɨһۣӰͺֱͣǰȥһ·ϼ඼Ǵӵ壬Ϊ˺ڳԺڡ
ȻҲΪӵģǲӦǾͻᱻԷһȺ˺ɱ޵͵߿ԡ
ߣɳСһҲҾܾ
ƲԳԷƣҲֺˣ˭Ǿأ
ҶСӵֵҪˣ
ϫ˸ɴܾȺ˶ɫһûһϣ˷ɱϫ
ǵϵ̶ȣ֮ǰѾôɹ֪ٴˡ
ϧǲʶϫֻǰһ۸ɳǿߣĻֻ¸ô
ۣ
ϫӰһǺͣͣһ·ѹȥʧ
һɺ̵ѪգһȺ˵ʺ䣬ԶһѪͫչĿӲ
ȻһһɫȥЮЩ˲ɷļһ뿪ʮѪء
ֱ̭ʱǶûףԼ֮ܵ죬֮ң

СԳϫûκӰ죬ֱǰɳۣҪ뿪ʮѪضķΧ
ûɳ۶ãһ֮ͻȻԶ
óϫüͷһ壬ʱʮѪеսƵ
ػƹȥһ̣һУսķɳ۶ȥ
һƬѪɫǧﷶΧѪ˷ӿɢ˵Ѫ֮
ѪɫһԣһսڽС
걻һȺԼĪϰͷްΧ᧿Σ
ⳡսԶһȺˣһѻ
Ϊ꣬ݿһͷһ봿ҹһѩ˪ѩԺǡ㣬һķɡ
ˣϹһѰڵһֿУڵ
Ȼһˣϵӵܡ
Ѱ磬ҪҪ֣ɱˣһ˵ʵоɱ⡣
ѪֲǵģɱкãŰɣöãǾͻᱻ̭ʱٰѪеɨһҲ١
Ѱ˹˵дһɶصĴԣŶݡ
ӵԣٶԣѰ˵Ƭ̣˾ͻᱻ̭ҲԼԶ֡
ֻΨһźǣеĻܷһЩֵأȻѰֵҲٶ˵
ȣûӵ𣿲ºѾ㲻ˡ
ǱΧȺеһ꣬һɱһߵɿ촫ʣרɱУʱݲκηģ
ˣȻʺ͹ֻʱ߽ԶΧΪ¶Ѫˮ͸Ҳ֪Լģǵ˵ġ
ֻǸоЩϧûܰϢϫɫأ͸һĨźζ
һΪϧ̭֣ûлѧԺء
ֻûˡʵڲ뿼ʱҾԼܹѧԺİպСǱ̭Ҳûź
һﻹ湻˵ģȻˣƴһȥŬô࣬ڽ˭Ԥ⣿
磬ڻ㣬ɱһѪ·ɣĻ뻹һܹϢϫ˵ֿܽˡ
У
ʲôУĥߴ˺òãͰ˵Ƕṋ̃
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ʲô㣬ŭӰѱȺûֻ
ҧͷٳɣתһɱȥȺ޵עѹҪɲ١
ϧҪɱΧɲһʱܹ쵽롭ϣ˺ܶ࣬
û뵽һﵹΪԶһӵЦ
ʲôãֻ˻ṋ̃
һ˵ҺǵѡȣһһΡ
ԣԶЦҡͷѣһΪȻģʮѪУ˵ͬʦֵܶ໥ɱ
ȻˣҲٻǳְǶлѵĺ⡣
ڴʱһȻƽٿȻӼԶӵܷ׷ײĿҰеģȴһĨ
һĨ˷ƼڵĽдĿɲѹɱ֮ӵܽԶ΢΢ɫ䡣
ΨѰɫƽʣΨһ𲻶һƺڰƵԡ
䣡
һ䣬Ѫ׷ɣ
һȺԼĪϰͷޣҺͱɱһصѪĩΨֻʺ͹ɫȻЩֲ
һĻЩӵܵɫٴ΢΢һ䣬ѴһĨ֮ɫһĿֲǶһ˿
Ҳʱǲſˣһ忡ˣǿգʵȻǳϫ
Ǵ඼ϵóϫΨѰһУ¶һĨȻ֮ɫǲ³˳ϫݡ
һУϫᣬֱʺ͹ߣ˲δʲôشųһЦҺãĲ̫
ֱϫڣʺ͹γһ㣬˴˻һۣɫӶһĨٲȻһٺģ
Ҫ˵Щʲôϫֵ뿪˵
˵ţĿⲻƳһԶӵܡ
ʺ͹ʱȻģϫһ𣬾ֱԶɳ۶ȥʼգûӵһۡ


1140 ӥɽ
Ѱ磬ǼһֻɳѣܽɱֻܻòٵֵǷ񡭡
ϫ˾ֱ뿪һӵܲ
׷ˡ
Ѱ°ͣü˵Ҳ²ⲻ˱ǳϫǸɫҵõϢϰָʹ˲ʮѪеӣûκǻٲΪ
ΪһѰȻֹʮѪвӣҲͬˣҲ⡣
һղǱ򣬶ӵĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˱֤ӵܹʮѪ׬ȡ㹻ֵӶ˳ͨ顣
ȻʱҲһЩãṩϢɱĿȵȡ
ϫֲãԭ
ӵҲӦ¶Ȼ֮ɫΪһֿھŵԵʣóϫ֣ҲѸٴ֪
ңڵִѪ·ʱҲ˲йذβ㳲Ϣټṩ鱨ǳϫϵɱҪ֮졣
Ÿղ˾ǳϫҲϨɱϫ˼ϵ飬ϲŲ
෴ϫܶɱӵܣֻˡ
ȤϫֿܹͨˣɹѧԺҲֵϽύһΪУڵѧԺȻҲŲС档
Ѱૣ˼
ԣӵܷ׷Ц
һ˵Ѱ磬ƾϵͷټԳ棬Ҫǳϫ׾ٵ飿
ߣѰԳ棬δҲ̫߿ǳϫˡ
Сӵϣ˵ͻᱻ̭һΪϹϵύͲɱĴ治ףҪ˼˼
Ҳ׷׿ڣٶЩųϫ
ѰƳһۣʵвϫƣֻǻֵԺ飬֮׬ȡֵΪҪ
˵⣬ɫɱٹЩʱ䣬ɾҲ޿ɱˡ
û޿ɱȻȥɱμӿ˵ӵܡ
ΪʱǼɱˣҲɱǣ

һƧɽС
ϫʡϥһѣϫ֮ԳʮѪصĶ򣬾רΪԼ
ԼĿҲܼ򵥣ǴһйϵϢ
ô˵ͬ飬ӺϿг߸ˣϫ
ʵͷҲȷţ·ʱżȻһ䵥ӵܣһ·׷й¶һЩżҴҸˡ
˵⣬ʲЦҺãǰһˣһ£ֻߣͲݻᱻϵóѡ
һԵĹҲЦͽʹȻжա
˵⣬𣬵˵²˳٣ǻץʱ뿪Ϊá
ϫȴҡͷߣҴȥһϵӵܡ̬ƽȴ͸һɼ֮ɫ
ʺ͹һ㶣Щ׳ϫΪηҪȥðա
ϫҲǵļЦ֣߳ѵͲҰ֣߳
üǵǣһˣһ̭ˣӴ˿ûнѧԺĻᣬǱ״òʧ
˵˵ĲǱ𣬵ȽѧԺ֮ٶҲ٣αҪִʱðգ
ϫԣ֪ΪԼãѴע⣬аӦһоƣգǾܾ˺⡣
ʺ͹ˣ֪޷ȰϫԶЩΣ˳ϫѡ
ҹƲʱٸ̭ѾûˣǿҪأݷȾȥ׬ȡֵҲ١ʱ㱻ɱҲǿԽֿеġ
ϫǰһ䡣
һﻹǶΪԼǿǰɡ̾Ϣ
ˣȻѾǾŬȥסһҪȫԼɫׯ࣬˵
ϫ˵ͷȻһЦƮȻȥ
һҲ֪ʲôޣȴһֱϸǣˡƲƲ죬ǲֹ
Ҫһ˿һУǣֻǵҲС
ƽ˵ֻ֪гˣгһգȥϸԵ󣡡
ĬĬ˵ͷ

ӥɽ
һվޱȵɽ壬ʯᾣųӥԽСӥɽټϴɽܣһźɫɷܹϢظʴ飬綾ޱȣ̾ڴˡ
˶ԣɷٹ綾ȴκβǣΨһЩ鷳ǣɷĴڣ̶ܴϻӰʶĲ̽
һʮ˵ִʮѪض֮󣬾פڴˣڵȴϢֻҪȷϣͻặȻ֮ƣĿɱ
磬ղʮѪصӴϢĿ֮ǰѪ
һӵܴҴɿ˵λҲϢ˵ϵҲڸӦúĿ
üͷһ壬ϣʵǵӣû취Ŀľλ𣿡
ҧгݵβǸͽ֪٣ҲǼĿһ򾡣Ժܹ̽Ϣ
شɫһҲӿһĨŭ
УβʵҲԼϵһöӶѣһȻ˽ߣֱǻòͷˣ
һʵλ÷ֱ治ôĿѪ뿪ķܸܴ̽ɣ
ԥһ£ŵ˵ǡӥɽˡ
ӥɽ
һⲻԼڵפ֮
ΪҸо̫ΣԻĿǹˣΪľǻĿʵֻѳطӶݶȥˡ
ӽԼƲг
ȴһУ૵أ
һΪȻЦǸãͶҲûʲôҸоôġ

ʱһ˺ҧĤļ͵شӼԶӥɽϵɷ͵ر˺ѿһӣбһĿĺ⣡
һ⣬ֱһĨ磬Ĳ˼飬ЮһױȵĴ͸նĦһںۼĿġ
飡
һվɽϷڵˣδӦʺֱӱһɿֲĳ쭷ɳǧɾ룬ݺݲһʯС
ʯ飬ĩһĨɫ磬ʮѪء
̿ƻʵһɲɣ˲һĻŤͷʱѱʺ
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
Ƕ˼־壡


1141 ѪȾɱ

̶Хƶ˺ŨŨɷױȵ⣬ƿն
һ̣ڷӦֱһʲôȳ䱸ȫ䱸
˹ŭ֮ɫ
ӵγѣɫ䣬ʶܣһƬҡ
ۣ
ϧǵķӦ˰ģҪ̶⣬֮ǰֵĵһͬʱٶʵ̫죬ֱֶӵܵʺ
Ѫɽ
Ϻ
һĻɫޱȣʱڿһƿն⣬Ȼɽ
ʵ󲻳ʮѪز뿼ӵУ˭֮ﵽزֲûܼʱӦ
ԣⲻ
ԺһɽĹ켣ʱһʵǡ׼һУ
ۼٶȣ졣
ۼɱܹһɱʻڹ͡
ۼ׼ϻû˭ܱȵֶԾ׼ƿء
Ȼղ˰ɽʸڼԶĵطǽ˾ɱ
һеͷԺʱ͵һХּ̽һɸ㣬˫һ£
䣡
ԶɷӲһѷ죬ȻɢǿɲĸһգԶɽ͡ضһѷ죬ǰ
һ̣ڲ̽ɷʧһɲǣһĨεӰһţɾͱܿ
ಡ
ʱӵҲӦΧһˮ©ķͣ泯˷ɫԶޱȡ
ղǶ̶ʱڣǾӱ̭ͻʧֱʱͷһ˿⡣
˭͵Ϯϣ
һǾʧͬ飬ܹһģֻЩԺǱȼĶӵܣ
ɶץ˭ʮѪأǻص磬ҶҪʬΣң
һӵҧгݣĿѡ
һǿ԰еĺ⣬³֣ǳϫ
֣˵ʱһԶЩš
ȴٽͣüֵѾʱʱ̶пٳ֣þһЩٲڵһֿҲλеھ
ԣԶһݣɫء
ʱǰֵɽ˹ǸղµģҼֻͨͨɽ׶ûﵽҲ֪ôһġ
ÿˣԷõǼղŶʱӰǧ֮֡
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һɵʮѪ֮ڣ˵ʶᱻɡǵʶҲֻܲ̽ǧﷶΧѣСǵģ
˵⣬˶٣üͷο־ɱʱʶҪΪ̣κһ˿©޷ˣڶʱѡλãԼʶܹõַӡ
˵꣬ѴϵõĲʶأˣ׵۽ͫ۽һ츳ţԶ측ŵľ롣
һһˣǿЩˡ
һɫָƽû뵽ǵȻҪΪɱĿˡ
̧ͷԶĿзһĨɭǰľƣǶӾͨӵơ۽𾦡һķţ˵ռ˲ơ£Ǳֻᱻһһɱ̭֣
һɫء
˭Ҳû뵽ƾᷢչֵز˴εĿ꣬ǵһ͵Ϯɱͬ飡
Ҳҽ˴εĿ굱Ѱ
ڣڴˣɰῴǰٵĸ֣ǰ̽סһҪֿжֻҪκη紵ݶһʱ䷢źţ
ٷɿطһָһ˵һսϵϵܷ˳ѧԺԣǲ䣡
һӵܵɫǻָƽ͸һĨᶨȻ֮ɫ
£˾ʵǿޱȵӵܣ뿪ӥɽ
׼ֻҪῴϢ͵һʱǰ֧Ԯһɨˣƽ˵


ӥɽǧ֮⣬һƬïʢޱȵɭ֣ļµǣɭеľʯڵ棬ȫǳֳѪɫ
ͬȼŵѪһƬɭָǣÿһƬ֦ҶͬһѪ⣬ҪγѪ
һƬɭ֣ȾѪɭ֡
Ƕһλݷ֮أλ˳ϫУɭҲ͵ʧȥˡ
ಣ
ῴžϸѡĲ£;̽ɫ裬񾭽κεĴи
ѾǾӥɽǧ֮أӵл۽𾦣ֻҲԿŵӥɽе״
ѰԺǾ͸ı䷽ֻҪȷܶûĿټǾֱӷأȻתأ뿪ӥɽѡһҰտƽԭһ˵ӰӶݣ
һ߲̽ܣһ߷ɿʶ´ס·Ŀ꣬ҲҪż֣ȰϢȥҪġ
˷׷׵ͷ
ܿ죬һѿҪѰȾѪɭֵľͷδʲô쳣ټ
ǸҪתƲ̽ʱȴɫ΢΢һһΪǺȻԶһӰ
ҪǣһӰûʲôΣôԼˡ
һϮֱȻǳϫɣȻҲǴ˴εɱĿ꣡
Ϣ죡

ͣͣͣ
ȻῴͬʱǴֲһĻ֣Զĳϫδȴһ˺ҧĤƿ֮Ǻ
һɲǼ䣬ֻһƬÿһë׵˼ʶһܶȥ
飡飡飡
һɽļʸ㣬˺գЮһױȵĶ
һʮɽնȴֻıɱӣɽ֮յز˵ݺݶ˵Уʯ飬һɲĿ
ء
Ҳ⼫̿϶Уһϵӳɹһź򣬻ҫ۵Ļ𣬳ʢ֮
ˣҲ˲ñʹǱֵ̭ˣ͵Ťͷ󷽣ɫϫˣˣ
ͣͣͣ
شģһ˺ҧĤƿռ֮һʸɽ


1142 ΨԱ
һɽʸ׼磬˺ƣضԵ顢Ե
£ٴӵܱɱһ˱ǻһ˱ƿͷǹǣһңֱӱۣԶ
Ƭʱ䣬ľ£ֻʣˣ
ѪˮƬѪɭֽʺ
âλӵܱ̭
ʼգ῵˸ûпϫӰ
ǿˣһοĳϫֻһӰҲǳϫǧά
ĿģȻ˶ĿΪϫɱЩӵע
ǰΣȻϫѳɹ˴롣
ҲǳϫΪλάһĿģǧû֮˫ܹΩΩФرóκ̬ɱε˵ĶĿܹ𵽳䲻á

һһɽʸٴƿնһҪʣµնݳļơ
ʱѱһţ泯ķõˮ©һɽǿȴѺٶʲô˺
ܿ죬ƿնļʸȻֹ
ΪʱǾȾѪɭǧ֮ӥɽϣһȺӰȥٱ۶
Ȼźţ˸Ԯˡ
ȼǧѣԸֶԣͿԵִ
῵ȴκδ⣬һɫࡢ˫Ŀ죬ȼޱȵĳ޺ͷŭ
ղŷһĻĻǶԣֱͬԵǻһȦ俴һͬԼǰʱеķŭͳҲͿ֪
ϫӲģʺһͳҰ˻Թޱȣķ
Ϊϫǰ˿ˣԵüΪʡ
˭˵Ҫˣ
һᵭϫǾεӰڳ䡣
˿ԶҪٵˣֿ˿ǰ῵ˣ̭ѿûˣʱ뿪̫ˡ
ϫһĨƼնŭӿΣ۶
ˮ̺֮һ̺գ
ϫƮʱ῵ѷһŭı̺û
СʯͶ˺УֻһȦ١
ϫʱȾѪɭַԲǧڵĹľʯѻ촷ۣرݻٳһ鴥ĿĵĹѷ죬û˵Ӱ
ʱ˲Ÿոյִ
ȻҲ⾪׵һĻǺһûüѰٲ˵Ӱ
ֻĵɫǱ̺гʧ֮῰ľ£ȫ̭֣
һʧģгϫȻϫûб̭ɱӵܣԸɴ뿪ˡ
׷ɱⱰӺĶ
ϵŭҪȥϫ׷ɱ
վס
ɫޱȣסǣѵҲ뱻̭
ǣѵôŹ˼Ȳġ
֮ԱԱ𣿡
кγŭѿҪǰһĻĻ̼óŭ
ͬʱ׷ȥһԷٳûɱӵܣǵȺҲܲ
Ҫ֪ղṷ̋῵ʮˣɶǵһֿǰһٵĴڣÿ̭һǶһĪĴ
ԼصڣȻҪ׷ΣǼΪĳͷ
£ҲĲˣϨȥɱϫ˼ǰ˼Աϱߡ
ֱϲ뵽ڶֿеӵܹʮʧʮ޹ʧʣµʮһӵȫɱڳϫ֮֡
ȻŵģѽʣʮһˣУڵһֿǰһٵӵܣǰҲϣҲѽֻʣˣ
֮ʮһˣɳ֮⣬ӵڵһֿеһ֮⡣
ζʲô
ζǼ㶼˳ͨѧԺֿ飬ϣȻѷɫ࣬п޷Ϲҵӵܲˣ
һеģֻһˣ
һ뵽⣬оӿһĨԵĸޡŭԹȻһ㡣
ˣ
ڴʱһĲٿȻʮѪɢһɬһ쳹ʮѪÿһռС
ڶֿˣֵ̭Ķ٣һֿе
˻һÿһҴʮѪеӵܶһ֪ʱУǱɱҲܹ뵽ֿ֮еġ
˵ɫȴǾұòѣһУζǽûлֹϫѧԺĲ
û뵽ջûСļƻɬһЦ͸һĳء
ɫȻ
ҲвʵһΪһȻҲٵıϫ͵Ϯɱʧȥ˲뵽ֿʸ
£ꡣ
һƬУͻȻ֮䣬һƽȻ쳹
ϫ
һ̣ǵɫԶٴһҧгݲѣһ־棬Ƕӵܵһƣ
Ļˣֹ
һӵٰ಻סŭХȴǼžһƬû˳ϫκѶ
ꡭ˫ȭ߬ǽ춯ҧһԲһת뿪

ಣ
뿪ãϫӰȾѪɭУ뿪ķ૵ϧˣ̭
һһѴ󹭣Ħ
ͨڡɢһɱɱϢһƷǳϫӰβµһȥлá
ϧΨȱǿɼ
һɹԣҡɼȱһɣҶķżΪؼá
϶ԣҲһΪȱ֮ƥɼȴѽ׷ӡ
ϫҲֻͨɽ䵱ʸԴɱЩˡ
Һãɱİβ㹻࣬ɨսʱѼϰٱɽ㹻úܳʱˡ
ҳϫڼҲ裬֮ھɱ˵ĹУһֱĵز
Ȼܹ῵ʮȫߣҲ벻άȵİ
뵽⣬ϫһ䣬ģάȷ˳ȻóƷ಻˹ȥղĲǸı꣬ڣ뿪ˡ
άһЩֲ˵ϫ˾ٶԣʵ̫ͻȻˣЩš
ðβڰ˵㡭ң
ϫͷ֮ǰǴӦ㣬ֻҪһ£ͷ뿪˵ĻȻð쵽
ά̲ס˵壬㡭ôң
ϫüУֻе˺֣֮ߣԺû뿪Ļˡ
ԣάȲϲֻӶ𣬺ݺݵͷҾ͵뿪ʮѪʱ뿪


1143 λеһ
ʮѪһɬʱѧԺǰĹ㳡ϣһɱڵıҲǷһȦӲӵ
ʧ֮ɱϵ֣ʱ߰ٸ
˶Դ˲ȣΪڶֿѾȥʱ䣬Ĺʱȷѵ˷ֳ̭εʱˡ
˾𺳵ǣǸɱڵһλãѲԷɣǡϫ
֮ԭڵĳϫһԾǰߵļɣһٶ˵һΣ
һеı仯ͷһɬ֮ǰ
ʱ龰ͻأϣԭĳϫӵǧһٶֵɾתۼ䣬ֵʼ仯
ÿһα仯ֵһٵ֮䣬ֱ仯ʮΣֱֵѻ۵ǧһʮŸ
֮Ǽ̵ʱУϫֵһǧ
ȱ仯ԿǾף
񱻼ڶķɣӵеֵǧ߰ٶ֮ϫһǧ֮ࡣ
ڳ˶㲻ˣҲˣԵǵ˺εȴĳ
ڳϫֵǶһ֮ʣ㳡˲ѻȸţֿ˵İ벽®һɲҲ˶ݵʧ񣬺Ϊ֮һϡ
ҲˣɱϵֻȻ仯֪̭Ѿû˵ʱǷûôȡ
Ϊе񣬶һָռˣ
ϫ
һ̣˶С֡
Ȼʱ˿̣ҲǶѿϫֵ֮Ա仯֮죬Ȼйء
Ϊڳϫֵ任ʱǸɱǰһλϣҲһЩ任հʧ
ֵʮΣɱǰһϵ־ʧʮѰζǣʮֽԶ
һжϫɱʮӵܣֵ仯֮죬ȻҲһֿܣǾԭҪɱϫɱʮˡ
ΣϫȡõһУйأǲʵ
ϣȡǰ޷⣬ԺĴֻ¾Ͳˡ
ʶһУ˲Ϊǰ;ϫǡ
ߣǿˣѵֻӵɱˣͲɱӵܣһ˻ʲô壿ҵǾãϫĲû
Ϊϫ򱧲ƽ
뱨ϫЦ콾ѧԺǰ϶飬˵ѧԺӻţҲֻ
˲ΪȻ
˵ĵҲˣڵѧԺпҲһӰû취ϴóϫɰﶯһЩֽţ˭֪
硣
֮Σһжһ̵ĳϫȫĿĽ㣬һҫɽ磬ɽ֪
ȥ̽һϫǺˣܽٹϣκҪͳͳӦ
ȤˣôûжˣǽҪģ
ȥһϫǧܱˣ
Գϫı֣һЩĴһ̵ıֳһ£׷ˣҪϧһдȥ£ϫ
Ͼϫɳޣνûʲô콾ΪУӳԶ۸۶ֵõġ
С㣬λϫӿʵ˲ðһЦ˵
ǵȻ֪϶˶ľʴǷһĨĻȣһɵģ
ǡô˵үϫϵǢ߻һתͻȻ˵
ﶼãΨһõľ̫۾ˣ˼ҳϫ˼ҵлӴ򷢣ǿЦˣɨˡ
ľʻ˻֣ܲͷľٵ֡
ϻƣڸΣ괫®һЦ˻
ߣ
®һɫȴ̾Ϣѡ
ԸͷǰͷҲòϣϫȷǸ˲õĹ̥һ뵽ԼлճϫΪ״ѧʵҲЩڵġ
ڱϣ®ȴֳֻǵСʱˣδؼѣܳΪһֽһԸǸڡǵֿ˽֮˵ɡ
ôӲһڣȴǵ󣬳ϫܹһѾˡ
ڳ֮УΨһɫѿǶܹܵųϫһλãΧʱһĿ⳯ɨӶ
ĿϷʡζ̾Ϣǻһڣɫѿ
С
ҧÿ죬ҪƲԼü価ɷ
ֻѧԺеĴˡ
һԣһ̾һһСӵжֻڰˣϾǵѧԺЩɻ䣬Ҳǲġ
շ
һɫָ˼ƽȴǱĮΪѧԺͿ԰ȫǣǿɾʹشˣ

ףǸɱÿӵֵܵʼˣ
ʼˣҪʼˣʱʮѪеޡǱ¾ܹ׬ȡֵΨһ;Ǳ˴ɱ
һ׬ȡֵĿͻüΪˣϾֵܼڵĵӣ׬ȡֵ붼ٸ֮ϣֻ֮Ҫɱһ֣ٶֵܻ
ֲãǰ߰УҲвְȥûʧڸɱڣǱ̭ʮѪˡ
ĽҺڴ硢ɽ硢塢Ķǿ߶Ծʱֵʱ̣
˵λӵһĳϫֵܷ󣿡
ֻºˣϾڶֿ˵׶ΣɶȺ֮ĶԿֻǹһˣϾʹơӵеֵڶ࣬ӵаǧֻ֮ѳΪеˡ
˵Ĳʱĳϫͺñһ챦أ벻˴Ѷѣ䴦Ȼǡ˷ԵС
Ǹɱϣÿһ뿼˵ֺ󷽣ֵʼ仯̳ͬʱҲв𽥰ȻǱ˸ɱ
Уڶֿ˵׶ΣӵаǧֵĳϫؽΪӵܽġ
ͺñȺ¹ϫһͷ¹

һУϫʱ׷뿪ķϣɫüĵ֮ӳܵһб仯
ûа취ӵֻ̭֣ܳҪɱǣͬԻôֵϫȻʹ˰֡
Ȼϫֵв뿼˵ĵλӵһֻǺܼ򵥵ΪֵȻơ
һʱ
ϫͻȻһƬϿǰפ㣬üĿһĨĹ󣬽ǧ֮һ˺ֵӳԺ֮С
ǸһĨŹֵЦ⣬ЩӵܣȻƺҲҪɱǡ


1144 ƹ֮
׼ȷ˵ǱһС
ϼڣǧﷶΧ֮һػУ㡢ǳڻԾÿһ̺һƣΪǿ
ϫȴǿֻһ󣬾龫ȴֻУûʲôǿɱ
֮۵İ£ԳϫԣҲͬ裬ߵһжӳԺС
Χ˵ģһȺŮŮԼĪϰˣڴܣʱڴе˽й
ЩԲͬĳЩӵܣԵʵǿս൱ܰİҵǿߡ
ģҲֻܰǰһ֮С
£ǼڴУҪɱˣȴԵѡ
Ͼֻһ󣬶ɱ˫ʵΪ⣬һʱҲκβǡ
ӦЩǿѲµģԭΪɱޣ뵽ȴײС
ϫܹڴеǿߣٳ޷£ɫԶһĨԥ֮ɫһĨɵ
ȻѲ³˵ݣΪ˻ȡֵǻѡ˺Ȼ֣ϧʵ̫࣬ȴǾù¡
ʱƣǷǵûɱһˣ˷ɱʮǿߡ
һУڴܵǿ߶Щ궯ԥ֪ǸˣǸü
һĻϫҡͷͷѿУﻢ£ԵƴһȥսĻȥѶϣ
ѡ뿪Ҳ̳ȥһԥƱؽ
ȻϫƲǰ㣬ûãЩΧ˵ǿߣٴαɱʮˣǿ߶ɫ䲻ѡ
ȻҲҳɣȻɢ˷
һĻϫһУóһڴ󹭣óһɽΪʸ۰ţ¡
ˣ
ϫüĿڹ⣬Уһΰڹ棬ϼ뵣֮

һƿնȥƾգ˲Ϣǧ

һųϫ֣ٴţһɽɱļʸü֮۵֮£ȥ
칭ǿ
졢׼֣Ǽʵľڡ

Щ߹ɱǣǿЦ
߳Ϊζ϶ܣǣ
ЩӦûûӶԶȻ̫ͷ϶ηǸһĽѵɣ
УЩ˺ȻɢӣһӵܽԶЦѣ˵ʱʩչֶΣһľһζѡ
׷ˣ֮Ǿǰ򣬱ˣǸĶ˵׺󡣡
䣬͸һޱԹ
һݣϵ˷ܵҲһɨգ
䣡
һ죬ƿһѷ졣
ˡ
һӵܾһ񣬾ҪȥֻǰһĨĿĹ֣һ̣һҽУѪţ˱ᴩδ׹أͻһĨϹⱻʮѪء
Сӣ
˼ˣԶȻŭޱȣʶһܶȥ
顭
һɽļʸһѷг룬䡢ɱ飬նĦһŴĿĻ𻨣ʴ̶ļХ
ӵܷӦֱӱѪˮ䣬Ϲȥ
һӵۼҪУϺɫһȴǼʸδһɲǣֱӻһĨϹʧ
ˣзδܵ˺
ϧֻɱˣһ˻£ѡ뿪ʮѪء
ǧ֮⣬ϫһԶ˻֣Ȼתʧ
е֮ŷӦ˵ٴˣСĵ㣬ȫӣ
һͻȻ䳡͵ЩСĵĶѱʮѪء
ֻޱȷ֣꣬ߣ
һ·ȴע޷ȣϫƮĹȰ㣬ʱʱ͵ϮɱķʽǷֱƹ֮һ㡣
Ȼûʲô˺ȴһľԱɹľңɫ䶼ЩήҲѣɫѿ˼¡
ƵƵ͵Ϯ˵һ·ǻû׬һֵͲ룬ڸɱϵֻԽԽ
һУؿͬһʯͷ˵ܡ
ڵڶҲܲˣſտ˵ɽϿȣϫҲǿһս
ȺɽϿһƬžֻĺڲϻص
ǧİٸֵ˵ꡤڶֿʱҲֻ׬Ǯ˾ǧֵѣ˵һϣҲ֪Ƕˡ
ϫţʼеֵ
ڶֿѾ׶Σʱµ뿪ʮѪأҲȫ˳ֿС
ճϫֻ֪вʵԽǿ˳˿ˣѡģֻ¶Щӵܡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǿ߿ԲںЩӵܶԣȴǱκζҪ
غǱغܷлȡԴ͵λǲܲںˡ
һԼҲоû˼ЩˣٲһתҪ˼·
ͻȻͫһʶиӦڼԶһطϫӰҡڳ֣һɽ壬Լͬʱǰ
һжɱɾĲݣ
һʱ֮䣬ЩȻˣ֪ô죬׷׷ϣ˦ѲԷؼΪˣιغĿ֮Уѡ뿪ʮѪأ
磬ܶ˶ѷ֣Уһĳϫֵûκα仯죬ͻᱻڶķɷ
ǼȥϫᱻѰҲˡ
һĻ˲˵ĸп϶ڶֿ˵׶Σһ˵ӵܣԶȺĶ֡
ϫǻϵӡ
ͬҲв˷֣Щ뿼˵ӵܣֵȻҲû仯Ǳ
Ϲҡ硢硢ȶ֮УӵܵԶԶ󣬺ۣ˲ٵ˽
Щ˷Ŀ⣬˵ɫҲޱȣǰݣǶ޲÷ȥ
̫ˣ
ɽܹȾȴ
壬ҪϧκδۣҪǳϫڶֿУҧгݴһһмһ
ϴĬн԰̾ѣʱǳϫȥΣܹ뵽ֿ֮еġ
죡ûУ
ҧҲ֪Լùʲǲ̳ϫֳǵһλϣ


1145 ɷ
ҹ
פһƬƽԭϣ
ѿʮѪص򣬶ڶУۼӺգͲΪ
Ƭ򣬲ֹǻӣֲĿռѷ죬ʱշ籩Ҫǣл̾൱ڴ޽ɼޡ壡
һԣڵڶֿ˵ǰڣû˻ǰͲƬðգڿ˵׶ΣҲֻЩʵӵܻƬУĿȻΪ׬ȡֵ
ΪƬ֮УȻޱȣɱʱ׬ȡֵĿҲǼΪˡ
ҲˣͲҲЩӵ֮;̨
Ϊڿ˵׶ΣѡƬȻɱػᷢɱ
ҹɫУ̧ͷңңżԶһɽϣԼһӰפ㣬ǳϫ
겻ɢ
һޱȣԭߣԷȴǽɫǳԷߡ
ֱȻԹޡŭʵζͷһĸо
һŬԼƽȻĿһɨͬ飬ɫ侯裬üȴһĨڵƣή֮ɫ
ٴһ״̬һֱȥ¾ǽǵĴҲԽԽΣա
Ҹӣǡô죿
⼸춼ԴûһܹԸϫķţΪԷͲǣһֱ׺ǧ֮⣬ʱʱԡ͵Ϯǣ׷Ҳ׷ϣ˦Ҳ˦ĸоֱƷˡ
ಣ
һĨѩںڰ֣һѳǰȻһͷħ
ϲɸһĨ֮ɫǸʧˡ
ħ̾һ˽ǵĴģ쿪ʼϡ硢ϵӵܣͻǰǡ
һϵĲ֮ɫȴŨ
ԭϺͽϡӵܶǿԱȼĴڣֻΪ˶ԸһˣȴƵϲòⱾǾһĪĳ衣
ϣȲϹߴҲǱһһĶ֮ۺ񣬺Ҳ£Ψһϵľǵ̡
ͺ͹Һ˺ŵһ൱̲ͬѡ
ƫƫأȴҪͺñһλ򱩷һ
ʵǰȴֻˡ
Ϊˣ˼ĴۣжĪʧˡ
ħߴߴ˵ҲΪʲôʮѪǳϫӵоǧֵʱλеһٲȻѳеģҪɱȡϵֵ
˶٣Ѱ˵ķԸųϢǳϫƬ򣬲⣬쿪ʼͻвѶʱǳϫĴ͹Ҳûʲô𡣡
ԣ⾫ֵл
ħٶ˵չٿȻһĨ׺磬ʧںҹ֮С
ȫ䱸ò˶ãСӽûлǰˣһɿ촫ˡ
˵ʱҲǾһ
Щ죬ѱƹ֮ĳϫĥʱ֪һУ⼤ѡ
ˣлõ֮滺࣬ͷżԶһԼԼӰǲɷһĨ⣺ϰĶ㻹ܱQã

ڴʱһĨͻȻԶɱ׼Юһ޼᲻ݵĿֲϢֱʺ
ڴˣϵŨ⼸죬ϫôɣʱʱһΪĲɱǣĥǵĶ־
ţӰһɱܿһ
飡
ɽļʸգһұ飬ʯҷɣϸǱһĿĵѺۡ
Աһӵܵ磬СһЩ
ߣǰһİϷѣýš
δ䣬ȻҰһһʸƿնӦ죬Ӱһٴɱܿ
һû׼ԱһƬˮУǳˮ͵ط춯صıըȳŵҺ壬Žõǣ
ЩҺһ㣬κβˣǸһɢڿ̷ޱȵζ˵Ǻһġ
СҲֻˣһЩСϷˡüǶȴѲٶŭ
ӵԣԶһЦɲ١
ҲЦ٩СҶѼʮɽˣ˵Ͳͯӣ
񡣡ͬЦѡ

һƿٴ쳹ȴһʸʮÿһ˺ѺڰһĨ⣬Х
ɾܿ˸ֹ
С߳ŭˣ
ٴγ٩Цⱡ
ǣĳϫЩֱҲûֵͣ˼һʸ
ÿһʸͬ˺նǣХ֮糱ˮ쳹֮䣬ʣ˶Ĥ
һȻǵͱͯӣ
ҲãСɽô࣬ҲһʲƵսƷˡ
׳գ׷Ǽ죬ٳκβǣû𣿡
һķ꣬ϵһ߳ԼϫĴأΨǧ֮ĳϫһ
СһЩҾСӽ̫ˣƺҪʩչʲôթһѵ
ԣ۾һУͻȻʶһ⣬ЩʱƺҪࡣ
ôоЩʸͲǳǷģСӽļˮ׼̫Щ̫ˡֹһ
仰һпһĿȻһɨܣЩʸصķλƺЩ
䣡
ף͵һƵƿ쳹ʮأһͻͺƴҫƥļʸ˺ҹնһĨͻȻٺڰС
һ֮ղйɲϢ䡢ɱ֮ʵʣһֱĵĿֲ
Ҫǣһɲǳκһġ
һ﾿Ҫ
Ȼ
ȴ͵ðһɺ⣬е죡뿪СԼʸ󣡡
εغף͸һɾŭ
Ȼһϧֻһ죬һͻ罵ٵļʸӲһУһ̣Բǧڵĵ涼һζһ¡
Ȼ󣬷Բǧ֮ڣһ׹һѩִͨ裬һƬ֡
һɲǼ䣬ƬȫããĹ⣬Ŀޱȡ
ɷڳˡԶĵطϫૣɫ԰͸üȴ֮ɫ


1146 ǿ
ɷһʮɽΪ죬һƷɽΪöɱ¾
һɣܹͨǳٰ֮ɷ֮ɱԵס
ʱǴͣʮУϫҲǷһĨ֮ɫһ
׷ɱʱϫѿʼ׼죬Ƿݣһɽ¼׭ӷƣֿʼֲ֣˼νһ򾡡
⼸ʱʱ̿׺󣬲ʱɧǣĥ䶷־Ϊľһ̣Զ֣͡
Ȼϫɹˡ
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ԣץһʱ䣬ȥɱĶ֡
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һʱ֮䣬ԾԽĹ֮˷쳹Ʋ񷣬ӿǴ֮УУҪûǣѹ
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Ϊɣ˻֣˾ֱԶȥ
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һȺŮһұɳڰУٶȼ죬һ˲ǧ˲ƣһ⼶䱦
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ǰЭϵӵܣҲΪϺ֮һԵǽѧԺв洦
վڴ׵һ꣬˵ϾۼڵѧԺеӰϹߴУҲܹȡ
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ʮѪеĲߴͻ֣ᷢǡɷ󡱵Ķϡ򣬽ԶһɹǿϢɳ۶ڣٶȿ硣
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1147 ҹĺ
Ϊ˽֮飬ûжŭֻƽ˰һۣųܳ³лֱ˵ˡ
˵⣬˶٣˲޷ԣ˵˴λǰضΪ˶Ը˭ԣɱԷ֮ǰϣλʱҵĵȻǻλ뿪
⻰ȷֱֱûκίǡ
˼ܼͬ򵥣ңΪõµĺôԣڰʱҷԸȺףš
Ȼ׺ȻһЦƵᣬ˿Ϊ⡣
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պƽκν䱸֮ɫʵҲ̸Ͻ䱸ʱϡϡϡӵܻһ𣬿νǸƼʮѪУֻ¶û˸ʱ鷳

벻ϾôԮĴֻ²Сˡ
ڼԶĵطϫϢؽ֮üͷ΢΢ϷһĨ˼֮ɫ
ϡϡӵܵļ룬ϫҲòضԴܵһɳѹ
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ϧڳϫ֮۵£ۡٶȶӳֳԺУ˺˶Էеαװ


1148 ʯ

ϫһֱӽԷ߽⣬ཻ˶Ĥʢϯ˷
ܵһǧڽӰһɶȥ˳ֳһĻȣ˺գٿȻʧããҹɫС
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ղźǧڽʱĶ˲Ŀע⡭Ǹ˶ȥͣҲɱ͹ˡ
һ̣ϫ̾˿ӰһǳԶɳ۶ȥ

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˵Сʯ֡̾һΪʯޣȺûʳʯΪ鱩塢ᡣ
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ϼԯԯʣ
һĻϫüͷһ૵ֲãԭһ𣬾ҪһɱͷʯǺôֱʰ


1149 Եɺ
䣡
ʯɽ񷣬һֻˣ񷣬˷桱Ƭ֡
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ۼһͷ޽ɼ޾ͽؼʱ̣ȴӲԷƻԼԣҲסðһƲƵŭ
ɱɱЩҪûٵļһ
ģɷѿļֵڣȴһӶˮƯǱΪ˸ۣ
һǣǵֵ
Щ塢ϡԯϵӵܼˣԶҲ಻סŭ׷ŭţɱȥ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭն޾ʢ⣬ɱֱײ糱ڣԲǧ֮ضû
棬ױûҲ
Щһѵˣôֻñ˴˫ʧأɫ࣬˫Ŀֱ
ԴʼԸϫԼû˳ƵƵۣòǿԮΪԽϫɱ뵽Ȼǵԯͷϣ
⡭ֱù˵ͷ㱳ˣ
ߣѵǻǲɣףɱͷʯ
ʱ򣬰ҲһԾһɲɱȥ
һܲܲңⲻǰƣˣֱ÷ζըճ鴤ѡ
ɴʱ˵ʲôҲѾˣκνҲѸƽơ


1150 
һս
еϷɣֱԯΪ׵Ķӵܣ׺Ϊ׵Ķӵܡ
ڵһȺƾԣǶ˲һǿߣһȣͳں֮ڣ٣ҲԵΪ
ս֮һȺں֮ڴ󲿷˱Ƶֻܼ£֮ززһֱ֮ɱʮѪء
֮ңԶĳϫǰľѡ
һ룬ⳡսĻˣԭŰ׷ɱԼĵ˼޻ͷʯϣû뵽һˮȴͷϣһжɺϵζ
ǽϣʹȻʵ飬Ҳȴ¸۵崣ĵ
̿ˡɻǺǣ˿̵鶨ȻܸӰɡϫǳǱսǲɷһĨЦ⡣
һսϵӵֻµʧ룬Լ֣ѺٴʮѪˡ
ϫ񣬳ʯɳ۶ȥ
ΪԶս֣ѾѸչ˷Բǧ֮أɢΧڱԭأȻɱС
ϫԭҲҽɱ룬Ǿ뿪
û취⣬һս׻ûĳ֣Щ׷ɱĶֺˣҲ׷
һ˷ӦôԳϫԣԲʲôˡ
ΪҪǣϫղע⵽һͷʯѾˣԵʱץʱ׷ȥܼˡ

ϫȻ뿪ˣ飬ȴû뵽ġ
˺ɱңˣ䲻ʱһӵܱɱ֣˳ս
£Ǳ˴֮ҲԽԽء
ȴû䣡
ǶǶеĽӣ磬ޱȣһ޲ϿŽ֣ĻԷˣ
οʮѪеĿ飬磬ǻ˼˼̶ֳȵɱǷֵáǸںˡ
Ϊ׬ȡֵ㱻ɱֲˣ˭ֿʱսˣ
ңڶֿѱʱ̣ΪֵǣҲⲻ˻һսȻˣսսҲһ
ǳַʶǽս˫ԽսԽңսΧҲǲ˷Բ֮ڡ
ۼ˴κβöԷʱԯʣ׺ҹԶԼõϢǰս
ǽˣߣҲãҰǡúǷһν飬Ҫܽʲôˣ
ߣЩӲɣѰϾ͵ϹߴУҼľ㽪ϣȻҪսǾսʹ죡
һԹźľϽãٹ̾Уյ蹦򣬾ִܵ
ߣľϺٹϿͷľӵٵٹӵܲսܲɣǽϺٹϿ
һսд쳹أǱ˴˫𣬶޲ýԷɱɾҲ˲ô࣬׷׺顣
ҲЩӵܶԣͱһʵһ֣ĽΪ˽ǰֵģ
ң´Ұ㣬˴໥ȥͳһֽ飬ȻֽȻǽ˫λƽȵĻϵģΪֽ飬ͬǽͬĵλͱ֮ϵģ֮Ǻܲ⡣
νÿĶȨˡˡ
ģ嵨ģͷ­Ѫģ඼Щое֮ЩȨΪȨеλвƸĵ飬˵ȥʲôˡ
ȻһԣЩƬ棬ȴڴ󲿷
ಣಣಣ
ܿ죬ʯ˷ʼɳһȺȺӰڣ磬ǺԼҲ·ϻᱻ˭ɱ͵Ϯˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǼϹߴһĶľϡٹϡϡȵȵȵȡ
ǵĵֱͬͣսƴ󣬵ɱನ׹ʯֵضû
ǵȳ棬áסݡ
˶ɣҴʮѪеӵܣǷѻˡ

ʯǾҲĴأԼǱԼսɱ֮ϫɰɻսƺԼԤĻҪҰ
ҲãֵԽ࣬ͶԼԽܽϵӵȫɱǲŽϲּġ
ϫЦЦͽעǰ
ʱѲں׬ȡֵϾУӵһǧֵĿУһ֮λ
ʱһֵҲ׬ҲԼǰʮˡ

ԶĺڰУһƵļϢqqĻԵЩˣǼԶĺڰ̾һͷſѪڵľޣҪ˶ɡ
ϫȴǲϲΪǿ϶ʯ
ಣ
һ̣ӰһһĨƮĻӰϢӹڰʯСĿȥ
һĸߴɽͱ˷һıϣǰ·ҲͷĲڱΣͶһƬڰ
ɽ£һƬƽ̹ĵ棬ѻһЩɭɭ׹ǣԵˡ
ϫִ˵֮󣬾ƶһʯ֮֮ۿأɽɨӶȥ
ܿ죬ɽʯڵһұϣһضڣ֮۵İ£ϫǶھһƬռ䣬һͷ
ұϣѰʵһͷͷʯһϰ֮ڣǵұϣںһϢѰʯһ㣬֮ϫû취֪һС
ǻ˴˵أֻ»δ붴ڣ⵽ڶʯϮ˰ɣϫаһݡ
ĬĬǶã̽ó󹭣͵سһĺڰһ
ͣ
ƿžķΧԵΪ̶Ȼұϣ͵һԶͨѪ۾ϰٸ֮࣬ҹͻȻٸ׷׳һڰдȥ
˭
ҪҪ̽һ
Ҫش᧿ΣˣʱǱػöڣⱻЩû롣
һ˷ɨӶȥЩɨϫԭȲʯʱȴû˳ϫӰ
ԭܼ򵥣ϫѳûǶ֮ڣںڰеһ磬ֱǶѨȥ
Ƭ̺
ϫͻȻפ㣬üĿȻһĨںڹҰУȻֳһƬıɫ룬ʢʮ䣬ҡҷԣƮǧʥ徻
ʮ룬һĹͷϥУ


1151 ̫
ɫԼĪֻʮɷΧڱ̲ŨɢһƢ㡣
ϸȥ㡢ڳڻ۵ıҺ壬ʮ̻
Щɱֱҡҷˣÿһ֡Ҷҡ״ҶͼӯһݵϢ
Ǻ¿ͷ꣬ʱϥʮ룬ɫ԰͸һɲ˰ѷ죬ήңڱҵıԵ
ʱһһ֮䣬ɫڱмѭγһǻ
ȻڽɫеŬ޸
̫Ȼʮֲ֮࣬Уǡɷ֮ƣܻƵǾҩ
ԶϫϢȴǰһû뵽ʯϳУܼ̫
ν̫ǽڻ翪ٺ󣬺ɳǰһ̫ߣ̫һҲݼĪ⣬ʥ
̫Ǻǰе̻Ŵ֮һ־ҩֵ
ΪҪǣڽڣͨصġǡ֮ʱʳ㹻Ĵ˳ĵ֮꣡
ǣ֮֮вɱտȻڵġǡ֮أҪеϴӣΪˣʽٴεõɱ䣡
Ȼ̫ĹЧ˼򵥣ڽ֮ʥ֮ʱԵá
ϾǾҩɽ֮ǰһ̫õлΪȻ飬أ֤ųơ̫
ɴ˾Ϳɼ̫кε֮
Ҳˣϫ̫ȻʯϳʱŻоܲ˼顣
ͺñһũһ󱦲һϣ˲š
ʮѪأ˵ǵѧԺĵ̣Ҳûб˷֣Ҫ֪ǳпɲֻһ꣬ʮ꣡磬Իǿߴѡ
ϫüԼоеֵ̫ЩΡ
Ͳٶ룬עǺ¿ͷϣûв´ԷȻʯɡ
ٵʱˣһٱһ㱻޸ٶһЩʱ䣬ֻԼûɱĻˡ
ϫһó˴󹭡

͵زХƷϫԡĿ磬˺գǳᴩȥ
ء
зĦ񣬵һƣһ޼᲻ݣɱ˷ζ
ߣƾһɳСҲ͵Ϯ
ǳ룬ԭĿĺ¿Ȼ۾һĨѪĹϵϫһ㡣
˵ʱ̽͵һץɾͽʸץС֮͵һץסʸƸǶһ¡
ĿһĨ֮ɫһţû뵽ʸ֮
ɲ͵Ϯ
ৣ
ϫͬʱǳһԾһȥ
¡һһ̺գ嫣ֱʯУˮ֮ǿһ̺
ԷϾʵȴ޽ɵĴڣˣԵҲô׾ɱġ
Գϫһ֣ǿơ
ϰĶ˱˴£ǾóСɣ
ʯŭһӰһչ͵ػ˰ɸ߾ˣʯ۰һӣ֮Ļ䣬ݺɱ¡
¡¡
һײ쳹ײХŷɲನϯ˷䶴Ѩʯɽʯ̮
ǳеʮȴûܵ˿һֱһ㡣
ۣ
ϫ˵ɳȥٶɣпѪɫ԰ףһĨھɫ֪Լǵ͹˶Էʵ
޽ɼĴڣȷôöԸģͼ֣ҲٳòʯУͿԿһߡ
ܿ죬ϫͰһ
ʯԼӲһϿȥδʲô˺ڳϫ֮ע£ԷڵȴѸήҡ
ԼֻҪƬʱ䣬ԷͻᱻԼĥ
뿪ͷһȻ¶ȲʯȣԴǼƥȴһ˿ڵĽ֮ɫ
ȻҲʶԼ
ɱ
ϫĻģٴγɱϡ
õȻˣͳȫ㣡ʯŭ𣬻ӿ޾ɱͳϫսһ
߽棬ϫԴƣƵƵõɳȥѪֹΪǱԽ۾ȴԽΪʯȫֳĺۼ
ʯɫԽԽѪƵ˫оǽǷŭ֮ɫƾƴҲû취ϫɱ
¡
ʯһٴķɳϫû׷͵תһԾУɫźѱƵͰ̫ˣ
˵ʱ˫գӳѪ⣬ǡһѪ͵سʮ̫Ҷȥ
ϫһû뵽һﾹɳ飬ҪֹʱѾΪʱ
ˡ
ϵǣʯһδ£ͼʮ̫Ͽգ͵ӿֳһĨνƣǺӣһӣһֱӽǰɸߵʯҷ˳ȥ
ͨ
ʯһɳƵ׹棬ƤѪ䣬ͷ֪˶ٸƾ
ɼһ˺жɲԶĿһĻĳϫҲɵһаѡ
ǺӣΪ㿴̫ǧأȻҪɱ㡭ʯ˹ŭ͸ŨŨķŭԹ
˻һȴϫ׹̫Ȼ֮ʯֻһ̫ҩū
Ǻӣ
˭
ѵǵѧԺеһλΪҪ̫ڴ˴
ӹϫͷӦʯǳױжû졣
ͬʱϫУһӶǧֵﵽһǧ
ɱģֵȴͷϣô¡ϫûоϲһĨɻ

ʱǳб̲ӿʮ̫类һֻδץסƾշƾҪһ㡣
˲磬ɫɼΣȻԵִڴˣ̫㡣
һϵڳϫ쳹£ڣһĺо˲һĨη
һ£ϫѶһε̫ʮ̫ȴƾʧ


1152 ʱ
е̫ΣҡҷƬӡҶӳַҡϣ㽻ڶˣһŵĻ٣³㣬˳
ϫȻеһ̫ԶǱжʯɸղžһһΡ
ΪľǣղһϵǼ䲻ʲôۼˣ񱻴ԼļĨһ
ΨܼסģֻʣеĻˡ
Ҳ˵һϵٴǺѱϳԷˡ
ȸĪֶͨΣҲݲóϫľϾһ⻹һξ顣
Ǻӣ
ǷǵãһǺӣ
ϫаૣһԺСһ̫װһУ
һ̫ѱߢ޷ֲɳɱĿܣֻܵҩϫЩź
Ѿˣ˴ײʯĳѨУǧֵõһ̫νջϲˡ
һ̣ϫͽעʯʬϣǰŽԷĽǡۡѪҺһһ޳ɼ
൱ڴ޽ɼޣǱǣĸ߽ɲģܹƳ⼶ɱ
Щɲģֻ¶ܶһһ⼶ˡ
ֱһͷʯܹ䵱ɲĵĲλߢϣϫһǷһ˿Ц⡣
ڽʮѪ֮Ϊ˶Ըβ䲿£ľɲģ˵ºɨսʱ˲ٵɱںתսʱЩɱ඼䵱ʸٴ˴롣
˵֮ǰĳϫиɱ׽⣬Һã˴ʯϲߢɲģҲ󲹳ϵĲƸ
ټһ̫ļֵӵһʼֵǵĲƸȻɵˣ̫ȥһƷ
Ͼǿľҩ
ĴҪأơ¡أԽߣơҪԾԽɱҩʯɲġȵȵȵȣɹһơ֡
ڡơǴʦҵġ¡ҪġǱ֮صġءûôҪˡ
ϾϫľѴﵽ֮ˣǲУǼֱһЦ
֮ܶ;ϣơҪģҲᱻ·ءѡơַڵһλ
ףǳеĵ֮δʧ
ϫĿⲻһƳУ̲峺ҺԶɴ֮ޱȡ
Ϊûʮ̫ǳеĴڿٵʧ
ǰͷȥò˶ãеĴһգ׿ݽߡ
һ̣ϫһܣûʲôΣգͺԾǳУϥأʼ
еĴޱȣϧһ¶Уͻ٣ɱҲ޷ߡ
ϫҲֻץʱ䣬ܵʱ༳ȡһЩⱩ˷ˡ
ˡ
ƴˮӿϫڣһϴꡢ׳ǣޱȡ

ѧԺǰĹ㳡ϣȻһƬ
һ֮ǰʼ㳡ϾһƬ֮Уо̾ɻзŭкȻ
ԭڣǸɱϣֵһҵĲһɲһֱڣ
ʱʱ̶ְ̿ȥֺֻ壬Ҫôɱ֣Ҫô³֡
һֺ壬ְʹų֣
ȻǻǿԲ뵽ֿ֮УڵڶֵȴѶûκα
ЩɱֵӵܣֵȫΪ㣬˸ɱڵĩβλϡ
ͬʱһЩֵֵҲŷ츲صı仯
ˣֵͻһأֱ׷ڶķɺһĳϫ
ԯʡ׺ɡѰȵȶӵܣֵҲͻͽ
ЩһǵˣƵƵ֡
ΪҪǣһжͬʱԵ̫ģ˶㲻ʮѪоʲô
սս
Ϲߴң硢硢ȶӵȫۣʮѪʯзս
ܿ죬һЩֵĵӾʹϢʮѪзһкгٴ˹㳡һƬȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ڶֿ˵׶ΣȻᷢ飬׶ΣǻսҲֻһӵ֮ĽûһεĹģλսǰƴ󣬼ǰѲ뿼˵Ķȫһ򾡡
ֲãֲǸɱϵ˾ң
˸п
ǿЩӵƵƵ֣ϣȻֻʣ²ˣ
𾪣ϱֻ˲
ǰ֮ӵܣѳ֣ǰһλϣҲƵƵӵֻ֣ܳò˶ãڶֿ˾Ҫˡ
˳Ԥеڶֿ˽ҪĻ
ȴûƲһƴĻսǴʲôԭģһ˲ңֱʱδ
һƬȻУʱȻţǸɱϵ֣ǰ˾󲿷֣ΨǰʮУ˸һЩҫ۵֡
ûãǰʮУҲʼһְȥ־ƺܿɢǰʮ֮С
Ҳ̭ˣˣԯȫû
ɱϣʮְȥǱɱ£뿪ʮѪأΪֺ󷽵ֵδʧ
ˣڳнԶݺһ鴤Ϊϧÿ˶ڶֿ˽ѽҪ׷ֳʤˣ
ĳֻ֣ǿĻһˣ
ʵڶֿ˵ʱҪɱȡֵǺѵ飬Ͼ˴˶Ƕ⼶Ĵڣ˴ʵ²ж֣͵ϮҲܳû£֤Լȫˡ
ҲǸɱǰʮ֮λȥ࣬ȴǶѶ񣬲δٷʲô仯
ԯʳˣ
ٹ̳ˣ
ľҲˣ

ʱʧǰʮУʼһȥÿһζȫһ̾ҲǱԽԽš
ڳЩʱҲĿڸɱϣΨִκϸڡ
ˡ
ĿУһ̣ǸɱϣͬʱְȥֱǰѰ
ˣǰʮλϣֻʣ³ϫɡˣ
ϫһΣʱǱɺͼأ䵽˵ϣֵĵԸһߡ
ˣҲȫ𾪲ѣΪĿĽ㣬Ͼɡֵܹںܺ⣬Ҳǵ֮С
ȴûܹ뵽ϫȻҲֵܼڣһλӵ֮У


1153 λеһ
ɣֵһǧİֵ
ֵһǧŰֵ
ϫֵһǧֵ
ֵһǧپʮֵ
ڸɱ˸ŵ֣зһл˺ᣬҲɽϹߴ֮һϺᡣ
ϫΨһһͱԼΪƽͨɽӵܣޣҪǣһ½
ڳ˶ԣ޶ǵһ˵ɽϾ̫ˣΪľĴޣǧޣ˭ֻļ֣
ɽܿܿһӶ̤ܲԼޣ˵˽ˡ
ڣ֣ӡڳÿУԭֻһˣǾǳϫ
һ½ߣһɳˣȻڵڶֿ֮У漣ݣ
ѧԺĿˣҲҲҲһϫˡ
ڳ˲ɱ𾪣ЩԶĴǣҲԳϫŨŨĺ档
û뵽һȻôǿ֮ǰϵĶ֡ȺУૣϾǾ̾
ʱҾ˵׸ȻӦˡ٩һ˴ŵЦ
ǵıҲ
һԵЦ˵ԭΪܹһ˽ѧԺˣȴû뵽һӾðĸ
ĸʺ͹ü
ȻСѾͷֻǿϧǽħޣⱲӵĵ;ֻ¾ֹֻڴˡ
̾һ
ʺ͹ȴΪȻԽͬ飬ΨЩǣȻҲûб̭
ֿ˻ûʼأʱ˵ЩΪʱ硣ҡҡͷ
ֻ֣ģǵ־ɶҲⶨģֻҪıֿǶᱻ̭
ԣʺ͹ԶĲ١
ͻȻ̧ͷĿ⿴е®ЦϻƣǲԽԽˣ
ߣ
®εĻشܼ򵥣һߣУȴЦһñģ
һ࣬ȺУţǸɱ֣ӣҧӿŨŨĴܸУɫҰܰ
ϣƺٴһӽԺսҵʸ񣡡
һƺѾӦˡ
ͻȻ˸еһڶĹ¶ຮ
ʽ㣬㻹˵շǳϫûˣڹ㳡ԶһУľС˵
ľʰһۣû֪ȡõȥ˵ȷڵڶֿаﵽˣ
ľСɫһֹͣûﵽҲǷﰡô˵ʮߵϡ
ľʼˣǰǷԸòǰʮɲ׼ˡ
ľС۾һɣƲǰСӾǱȲóϫǳϫһȲɺͼ𣿡
ȻԳϫΪġ
ľüһݺľСһ٣Զ㳡͵شһɽƵľ˺ƴ󣬽ضû
Ȼ󣬸ľľСˡ
죡һ
һӱǧֵѵɱһͷ޽ɼޣ
ģߣң˭
ǻ˭Ȼǳϫ
ϫһˣֱǡ̬
˺ƴ󣬷һƬһĿˢˢһλϣһǧֵı뺷֣ɫӶ֮ɫ
һ˲ѣƾնǧֵͷȫԽ˽ǧֵĲ࣡
һĻ˭뵽
û뵽
®Ҳû뵽
ڳ˶û뵽
Ϊû뵽ԵһĻʱԵôġ
ۣ
ԶһйУһĻʱѳֵҲ̲סб͵һѪ
ʵˣΪϫӵеֵУ붼ˣ֮һǲǵļӮε
ֹˣӵܵɫҲڳ˹ףѿ֮һҧгݣֱ޵÷ζը
棬Ҳʧȥ侲һȺΪǰô֣ķ˼ôۣǾȻһС϶ԸˣǷʲô
ɫѿ
С㣬԰꣬ǳϫѳɣ޷赲ѧԺĲҪ֮𣬻ֻڵѧԺнˡһһȰ
һЩҶףܵǣҿɳ׶˵ˣ
ҧĵѧԺУϺ˶˹ҡҶ֪ͷθҸͣ
ĬȻ
ȷڶֿУӵܵıֵȷ̫⣬ԶԶȲϹҵӵܡ
һиǱڳ˶У⣬ֻµѧԺĿ˻ûйϵЦͻ˳һɵɽĸط
ʱֻϵߣһУΪһɵġϫ
ϫţӦýӣ½ѧԺҲΪһиٱۣ
ҧ˵һĹϣǱȻ֮ɫԵЩ
ʱǸɱϣ̳ϫһ֮ļĵҲ½֡
ʶٴʮѪУҲ׬ȡʲôֵѡԼ뿪
µľʱʣ˳ϫǷɣأʮѪУþò˵ֵҲûзκα仯ԵЩء
ϫأ˵һλã
˹ͬ

˿̵ĳϫϥУȫ緢һȻ
֮
ԼĪʮɷΧУһҺʧʱϫųһ۾
һɲǣܵͨһƬ͸꣬񱻴ϴһ飬ͨ͸ͷԲ޹
봦һǵҪڵף
۲֮ҲɾصĵڶأҪƹض룬ͱ뽫ǵеعңȾ
ҲνġնԵ
˽ʳȣܺ쳾ҵӰ죬еĵػͲɱմȾɾڣҪƳһеӴ͸ӶﵽɱĹ̡
ڣڼȡ˳еĴ֮óϫֻһ˿򣬾ƹض֮
û뵽ֻһЩ̫ĴԼڵż̷һƬ̫Ҷӣֻһپͻ˰ɣ
ϫı仯Ҳ̫̾Ȼǵں֮ǰľҩԡ


1154 ѹ
䶴ѨУϫʼء
Ҳ֪ڶֿ˽еʲô̶ˣһսУӵܵʵΪʧҲӦǼġ
һǰУϫһԺ˼ţΣ׬ȡֵ㹻ˣҲʱ뿪ʮѪˡ
һʯĶѨۣԳǬֱߵǶڿǧ֮ʱϫͻȻפ㡣
һɲǣһ侲ѩȫޣתüĿأһرڹ⡣
䣡
Ҳڳϫһһ̣һĨƵٿȻӶӿ룬ˣϫɱ
һɽ⣬ϡ嫣һɴǣΤŭҪϷն˼䣡
һ̸ֲ̫ͻûй֮ܺɫȫƺƵһ޼᲻ݣﲻƵƣ
ϣ
һƵĿɲ֮ϫٴһκγɣգԣȫ֮Ϥһ֮У
ˮ̺֮
˺۰˷֮ƣǺ棡
һ춯ص׷ɣ𣬽һɲǣͽⶴѨ׺ɨʯɽ嶼ʼ³顭
ϫŵŵɫ΢΢һףѪһ󷭹
ɣӰ͵سһУʯԾһĴɽ

ȻڳϫӰһڰգһɺ֮쳹źƽŭƷӱĳ̾һǵ
ϫֻԴ˵һ궼һڣһɴݺѹƣҪԼͷǻۡȫɻһ㣡
ȻΪܰĴڣû˼롢־ǲ
úݣȻѹҵ꣡
ϫ͵һȣǬűԿȻ羪ףɱ
˵һ͵ر򲨶Ի͹Σ籩ϯ˷һϮĺ˿ֽ̾һ㣬һɨգ
󣬳ϫ»ָ徻͸Բ޹
һ˵ʵԶһ˲䣬Ͼ֮Ľκιٿ죬Ҳֵͷһ
νһ˲һɲһͷʮ֮һ

һ֮ڻصɶԳϫԣͬɽڣٸκεӰ졣
ʱ򣬳ϫҲڿ˭ˡ
פڼԶ̤ɫ̨ͷۣüŭĿԲĶͷӡһӲӵͼ£ׯϡ
ȻǷɣ
ʱֱֻУŽħ顢ࡢȡơһ巨Ρ룬ɫ⣬ȾһƬԻͽɫ
Խ𵴣ε֮״Х˷ղŵ깥Ҳ
벻Ҳ͵ϮɱһܳϫɫĮȻƽڣɱ֮ȴԽԽʢ
ѱŭղֻ͵Ϯǻ˵һȻҪѹֶ꣬μֱǺ˼£
ԼǴ֮ܵĥºͱղһԼԵ£ˣûмѵĻᡣ
ϫӰ죬ǷһĨ֮ɫе֮Ҳֹ֮ʧ
˶ѣɶɱһУôκֶΣҲǺ
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ȻҲ֪ѾʧȥɱϫĻᣬˡ
ϫһҲǽնĻȱ𣿿ҴϿɿһȱ׺ݱа֮
ʩҪƶɮ۵ôɺŭƽ˵
ƽ͸һʹݵζǱǰͷݲɡ
˭֪Ƿһ۵ֻһֶΣǾǡɱֹɱϫüٷϻݽϣɱɡ
Ȼ˵ǵڶֿˣɻʹκֶΣ޹ԣɶԷȻ۸ͷϣʹõֶλ˺ݶӣϫٺõƢ˿Ҳǽסŭɱ¶
ڶԷʲôݣѲںˡ
Σɽ磡
䣡
գϫʩչ˿ΡһתһС𡱵ӶˮнУ콣ꡢΣϯȥ
һɲǣ˷ƶŭϸƮҡ类޾ˮ֣֮ɱѹݵϢ
վǿˣʩҪսն㣬ƶɮʱΪʩϴȫҲһ֮¡
ƽƮǷɾֱӼ£һĨϺ뿪ʮѪС
ϣ
ϫսü䷺һĨ֮ɫȻΪԼ෴ı֣
ɾǸУǸɱԼĻᣬˣȻںԼƣԸӵ㹻ѹ볹ɱء
ˣȻ̡֮޴޴ڣɻ湻ɵİ
ϫһԺתԶɳ۶ȥ

ϫǣƬʯУѰٳһ˵ټѵ뿼˵ӵܶ뿪ʮѪأ
˼ⲻȻʯֳֺطѰȥֱ˵ˣһͷ޵ӰӶҲ
ϫûʲôźģֵ㹻á
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ϫһӣάȷ˳
άƸоЩͻȻǡ㻹𣿡
ϫҡͷˣһҼֻҲûˡ
ţл㲻ɱ֮άȵͷ΢
ҵֻе˺ѡ
ϫЦЦٶ˵תһĨϺ磬ȥ
뵽ʥ֮սʱͲΪˣǡ֮Ѫ˭Ҳ޷ġ
տɽҰУάųϫ뿪ķ૲ѡ

ѧԺĹ㳡ϡ
Ŀ֮£Ǹɱڶķɵְȥȫһ㵻Ȼ
û뵽ϫĳΪڵڶֿмֵһˣֵλеһ֮棡
һ̣Ҳٵ٩®Ǹɱڵһλã૵ܳΪɽһֽǿˡ
ֹ꣬ʡľʡȫˣнԶƲƵ뷨
ȫžûû˻ȻѻȸУһĵɢ
ʱʤ
ˡ
ɱϣϫְȥжһεӰΪĿĽ㡣
пһӰĿУƵشһĨ𾪡Ȼ̾ҲвʡԹŭͳޡ
֮һ̵ĳϫҫ˫


1155 
ϲĿֱ˾Ľη̾ԴҲ˲ϲ
ϫ
ֱ㳡ĿӵʱûһУЩΪʲô顣
ҲǵԼֳڸɱڵһʱ׹ԭԼ׬ȡֵλеһˣ
ԭӦһΪֵø˵飬ϧôĿעţϫʵҲ˲Щ΢΢Ĳڡ
ףǲϲĿ⣬ϲ˵̥ϧǣƺܰЦԽǲϲԽյִ
ڴɽ磬ǵöٴα񿴹̥һԼˡ
ôľδϰִֻѧ˸Ӧֳ棬һ̣۹۱ǱǹģĿбӵػصߡ
ȻһԲĬһֻͷɳ
Һãûãǰе®ǿڣֳĳţ˵עתƵԼϡ
ڶֿ˽±ߣʼֿˣ˳ͨڶֿ˵ĵӣ󣬽ѧԺ
®δ׸ʲôҲδԵڶֿбĵӽпޣֻǼ򵥵һ̣ƽԵøɴֱӡ
һ䣬ͻ˻֣Ⱥзֿһ·ԶĵѧԺȥЩ˳ͨڶֿ˵߰ӣ򶼸ಽ
ܿ죬Ǿʧ˵ѧԺĹ㳡ϡ

ֿˣֽС䡯ԢϷҲǽɽв˳ʤ˼ϧǽȥĦġ
®һڵ½뿪㳡ٴ۷׷
һֿǶ־Ĳԣ־ԽǿֳԽˣУһЩž֮ڿлáԺż档
ꡤ裬ԨҶƣԶڿ콵󣬼ӳֱӱѧԺһЩϹŶѡΪ״ӣۡ
Ҳ֪жٵңܹõѧԺһЩϹŶʶӶֱӱ¼ȡΪ״ˡ
ΣǸ޵ĳϫȻһеĺ⣬ĳֻ֣ϹŶע⡣
ǺǣĿԴɡ
㳡˲δ뿪ԶڸɱǰΡ
⣬֮ڣѧԺֿ˽ȫһ쿼ռξͻᱻڡ
һ£յĿᱻɽÿһ䣬ʱ˿̣˭Ҳˡ

ѧԺռؼ㣬۴αȵĹϽΡֺ룬Ѵ޾£֤˲׺ɣıǨ
ӽ붷ɳǣٵ뵽֮У⻹ǳϫһ˽뿴ѧԺһС
һоǹϣ
һһľһשһߣǵİ߲ʯǹӳ¾ɵͭšһеһУ޲ӯһĹϢ
µĺۼ֤ɣʷ˲η߽̫ܾ֮أã졣
ʵֹϷΧѧԺһжƽƽ棬ͨͨӵĹôݻ
Ƿ豹ƽ£ףǵ̱̫ŵĵͳ޷ӵС
һ·ϣδʲôˣѧԺеĽϰѧƺҪˣԲδϽӰ˿˽ǡ
ϫܹһ·ϲʱһɬǿɨһһӹ紺δ˸еκβʣϸ֪ͲЩĴڡ
ѧԺвٴĿ⣬ֿаϫ˼⣬ԼĳɼѧԺûκ⡣
ܷΪĳ״ѧ⣬ǰѧԺֻΪҪһݣͶˡ
ϫƺΪư㾿ʮѪɱ˶ϵӵܣ
һԣʰԴʵһĺ档
ϫͷƳһԶˣԷɫԼȥʱԶ¶εĳޣƺǰڳϣֻѳԼɱ
û٣ϸڵȿ˽ٸϸ˵
ϫЦЦƿĿ⣬΢ǣδߣǶһ˸ڶ󷽣ɫͣҲ֪˼һЩʲô
ϫֿУһҪ㣡ʱһӢ˲һ˿˹ᶨ˵
δôԻһڣ˸ӵܵķ׷ײĿ˶ϳϹľľС
һӳڣвʮСδ޺ųơСħӰ裬ǿʤǳ˲֪鷳
ǳ֪ԵľСȻʱ˿ϫսʱ˽Զһֵֿ̬
ǰ®üȴǲδ
ϫȻǵãԼյִﶷɳʱһۣȴû뵽ʱԼ
ΪʲôϫЦʣܸܵԷûж⣬ֻǳһǿʤԶѡ
ʽڵڶֿչ㣬ȴ뵽Ȼ˵һұʽ
ľСΪƵƲƲ죬һһһѣĶΪʣȷԡ
ϫһУԺҲǸֳľǴԼٻӰֹľٵãƺľеĵλҲĸ߰
ſ̬ӵܼˣԶɫһĨȣƶû뵽޵ĳϫǺľŲٵĹϵ
֮ǰ˭û뵽ġ
㲻ľСֻ㣬ɲѰ˰æҲмʲôı
ľС˵꣬ת뿪ľһȺԱߡ
ϫȻľһľ峯ԼЦЦ̬ºͣҲǳԷ˵ͷ
˫Ľ˿УɫŨľ˵ĿҲ
һвδʹƽȥûƬ̣ǰȺһ궯
ȻྪɵĿע£һϮȹѣ쾱ѩףƥʩʩȻϫ˹
һսģֱӿڣȪˣöɷ
ս֣Ϲߴҵӵܣ硢硢塢һĶӵܣԶüͷһ壬Ŀڳϫϡ
һսڳˣҲһսǷ׷׳֣Щӵܱɱֵ
ڻսԭȴ಻
ʱ򣬼ֱϳϫٲȻһѳϫսʼٸߵģʱнԶӿһ˿ϫĿ⣬Ҳһ˿֮ɫ
ϫǶһлδ㣬ɫ룬ż򵥵˵һ仰ײѡ
ܺã㲻ҳϣֻҿ㡣ӳϫƬ̣Ȼ仰ת뿪
ϫˣȴδظĸоֻ΢΢üȻ⣬вŮˣǲϳһ


1156 ĺµʯ
뿪ȴһԴӵĿ⡣
Ϊϫղ׿ڳϣһսײģ֮Ǿ
˵ϫڳϣԭ
ɳϫȷԭԼˣͬʱȴ˶Լĳӡ
Ϊܼ򵥣Ȼԭ£ΪҪʱԼҵ˵ԼȻôôҶȻһԼ
ͽлˮ
źۼԼһѡ
ԳϫŻпǸϳԿŮˡ
ȻһгϫϣΪǿˣԣɶɱһУôκֶΣҲǺ
ڳԼԼ鷳һһȥǰϫɵԷĳͱڣϾͽΪѧԺĵӣĻټɻЩ

®Ĵ£˺ܿһƬĴǰ
ˮ峺͸ԣռǧĶں봣һʯԼĪɸߣԶԶһǡƺʯ֡
ʱǱ̺֮ϣһɿĹϵ̨̨֮ϣǶһӰŮԼĪʮˡ
ЩԶǵѧԺĴһ䲩ȳ޾֮ϢҲΪƽȻĿȥʱȴ˷ƿһɺΡɽڣϣ˲һ˿η
Ϊλãһ¿ۣ޷΢ףֱ֮꣬˫ƺبɽͣȴ񶨺һ㣬һɸȻĴǡ
˱ǵѧԺԺԺ֪
һλ벽֪µϹŶڰǰħݺɽպĴͨ죬Х磡
֪񸽽ˣڵѧԺְĽϰʵһɫʥɾ磬ɽУԳΪһ֮Ȩ졣
ѧԺȴֻǽϰˣɴ˾Ϳ֪ѧԺĵǺεۺ
ৣ
®һӵִܵʱǵ̨ϵʱɨһĿ⣬Ŀвκȴÿж΢΢
ǿһȺʥɴΪ׵ĸԺߣ벽֪ЩϹǰǶ츳˫ľ޽ӣҲǲ¶κεĽ֮ɫ
˶ˡ
®ǰǶ̨֪˹֡
ˡ
֪ͷ̧ǳ¶߰ӵܣ˺Ϊĺ֮Ϊµʯֿ飬㽫ڴ˽С
ƽϾ󣬵ȴڳÿֱ֮顣
һɲǼ䣬֪ĿԶη
ħݺĻĹʱڶպǿߣײβѵһ
ĺǵΪµʯǱ츳ۺν־˴ο˵ݺܼ򵥣µʯ֮ϣʱԽãɼԽߣջ̭ӵܡ
֪ƽڳƮά裬ף½棬Ϊ翪̫ƽȶһһĽδעƣϧǰԵ
˵գ˻֡
£®ǰԸڿʼڿʼɼĺһںߣֱӱ̭
ಣಣಣ
δ£һӰȿֺƺһ̤ǺУϫҲС

һӰˣ˲һ㣬ֱӾͿǼĺУһƬˮ
ǻ˺
ˣЩԭˮӰȻֹû˸
вֱӰһźϣһ೯ĵȥ

һӰӴ֮˷Ĳͬλ̤УĴµʯȥ
̤еӰﵽʮʱ򣬾ṳ̂УԶȴ˺ϣƺҪʮ˵ִµʯϺȥж
̤ˮеʮˣзɡѰҲԯʡľ塢ٹ̡
һɫԶӵܡ
ϫһδ̤С
Ӱиͻ֣ᷢĺԲ̫ʮˣǴ̫Բεʮͬ򣬳Ǻµʯ
Ǳ˴֮ľ룬¶ǧɷΧ
ϾҪɼĺƼ򵥣ʵޱȣǺˮĺˮһΪ̫ˮڻɣһ̤УĲ壬ǵģ
ˮԽƽŶԵĵĳԽСԽ׺ɹȥ෴ˮǲӿҲζųԽ󣬼ױ壬ˮûҲζṷ̋ˡ
֪һʯӵˮУɱɢطһȺһ̤Уֻ¾ͻˣֹӰ쵽ԼӰ쵽ˡ
ǡ̫ˮɵĴ˵ˣһȦȦܸ˵ɿɲĳ
ǳֿǣʮˣŻӴͬµʯұȼУⱻˡ
ȻһУĻڵΪΪԽǿԽ̣ܵĳٴҲᱻûˡ
ǵĲнĺȥһֻ²һĵ̤Уô졭
ǵȺںϵһڵüɫأǿǷɣںʱΪ
ÿһ嶼һ£϶ԣǶߵüΪȽͣٵļ󣬿ɼǵĵΪҲΪǿӦǡ̫ˮĳ
ǶߵôҪֻͨ»øѰ
̾ЩӵܣȻֿͨ˵ĸϸڣϾ֮ǰδǵһβЩš
ʺ͹ҲЩţ춢ǣҪڶѧϰһЩ顣
ΨϫΪƽ
ĵΪĻꡱزͬˣû֮ȼ硣ϾϰġһţɽĴУϵ¶һݣ
ýţǰ˵ôƾǵ־˳ֿͨˡϫοʺ͹һ䡣
˵˵ͷδԣɫȴƽ࣬ȻҲ뵽ĵı֤
׼һ£ǾжٳʱȴȥԽֻԽΣաϫַɿ촫һ䣬ΪѼµʯ
ʱ򣬲ֹǳϫӵܣҲѷֲڴܵʮַλǰȴֻҪ˵µʯǱȻԥ
ϫλã֮ǰѡķϣϻ۵ӵҲ࣬аʮˡ
֮µʯһ̣аʮ˻ͳϫ̤ĺĻᣡ
ʮУвٶϹҡ硢硢ȶӵܣʺ͹ˣ뿪ѡ
ʺ͹ˣ뿪û취ûгϫô̬ҲЩӵܣȻڴ˷ʱ䡣


1157 貨
ĺ֮ϣսţѻȸ
еĿ⣬ǷɡʮϣΪ˵һʱúɼĺĻᣬǲκε

һƬžУһӵܰ಻סǰ̤µʯԾǼĺС
ϧǣŲտУһȦɢβȣδƬ̣һͷԵںУһߣʧڳ䡣
һЦļ꣬УȵģܶɹĺĿ飿ṋ̃
ǵ̨֮ϣһڵѧԺĴˣȴɫƽһԣȻϵᷢ顣
ϾðʧľٶĵֿУҲǾģżʡ
ʱӰһһ̤µʯ֮ϡ
ಣ
ͬʱϫӰˣĽŸ̤µʯ˾̤˺ˮС
Ҳʮͳϫһͬʱģٶȴûгϫ죬̤УЩæֹԶҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
Ųӣϫоܹ죬⡰̫ˮһˮͬͬһ㣬Ϊأ͸һ溮߹ǵ
ˮһɲǣϫ͸оһͻȻԼڣԼĵģһʼϸͬӣӿȡ
һжóϫִԼĵı󺣰Χ޿ײĹ˷ϯײڵϣܣ߬סԼݺһ㡣
ϫһ֮ϣӿֳһյСӰģһģһһϮֳֵһնͽЩϤ߽
СӰǳϫġĻꡱ֮ﵽ߲ΣŻ۶Ļ֮ŵĵļ͡ǿʮ㡣
ϫںվȽŲ˽Զ̾Ϣѣִ֪ʧ˻ᣬΨеȳϫһµʯϲٴ̤С
ȻĻ³֮ǰұ̭һģһ
˾ɵǣڳϫںվȽŲȻ˽ҪҲ̤֮С
Ϊ׵ģһɴ͵ŮӣȻ
ϫȻΪ׵ȺˣԼĿнԶ⣬ȴһ֮ˡ
üͷһ壬ĿһƳϵˣһЦü֮һĨ֮ɫʱףһǱָʹҪһа취ֹֿͨˣ
˭Ҳû뵽鼴
ΪһӾͿһ˵ĳ֣ȫԳϫģ
˾ɲΪ
һڵѧԺĿע£ѵЩһͲܳͷΪƻأɱȻ⵽ЩǵķС
ɫһĨȻ֮ɫʱڳ˶ԼԼ˹ԶûͨˣȻ벻ѧԺˡ
úֶΣ
˶еȳ̶ˣϾȻôѪԸпܽѧԺҲҪֹϫ˳ͨˣǴֱʰ
Щ֪Ѳ³飬жԾѡ
һĻǵ̨ϵĴﲻٶüĿƳһ֪Եϡ
һϮۣɫ׾̬һŵĸ̣ԶһĻ񲻶ɫ䣬˹űвˮԵúƽС
ˣԺԺ裬̷ִ֮£ȨأλԺԺ֪
⸱ɣüͷ壬Ҳûж˵ʲô
λõ֪һֱƽʡ
ҪʲôֹǺԶľСһĻ̲סȳߡ
ɣɣɺͳ
޳СϫǿԺģ
ӵܣҲһĻ׷״ȳȥأϧһֹ֣
ŭʱǴӵܣ̤С
һ˼ˣô࣡ϫעҪΪɽһֽȴҪУǡɱ
Ҳ̾ϢһЩͳϫ޳Թӵܣ˶סͬ飬߲ѡ

˸һ̤УվȽŲ͵ػӶ˫֣ˮˣһ¾Ǳ̭ҲҪϫģ
֮ǰǣ̤ˮУжκζһЩˣڣ˸һУΣǵ龰úϲӵ̶ܶĿ۾
ǿǡ̫ˮ
ĳ˳ޱȣοһΣ
ۼһصξҪˢϫϫͻȻףһ֣
󣬳ϫӿһ磬͵س˷ϯȥѡ̫ˮĹ飬ɢΣ¡һ£ϡ
ͬεĴУԷһ죬Һһ̣֮⣬ֱӱǴеߣ̭֡
ʼգֿûУ
֮ûб̭ΪϫһץУ
˻ȻŵؿһĻΪԼۻˡ
ǿǡ̫ˮУ̺רŹĵֻһ˳ѣκʽ޷ĨɱɳϫãǵƣӲǰθˣ
ǡĻ֮
ǵ̨֮ϣһڴһѣ®֪λ벽ڣҲ΢΢һһĨȻ֮ɫ
ȻǽԶû뵽ϫɳΪ֮ܽĴ󾳽еĵĻ֮
ˡ֪񿪿ڣһ䡣Ҳǿ˿ʼһο˵
ڳ֮УΨŲ豭͵һ沿Ӳû֮ǰдģ
ЩˣĿɿڴһģ
˿̵ĳϫɢͬɽһӰޱΰĻɢˮеͲһһ⣬ˮнʯƾˢȻ
߬סʺɪɪųϫĿԹȻ֪ΪλԼ
㣬ֻһ䣬ϳ䵱צԵ֮𣿶ԵɽķУϫƽʵĮȻ顣
һɷףݲҵ
飡
ϫ˦ֽУһƬ˻ߡ
˼ˣδùֻ֣Ǻ棬ϫԴ֮˵ЩʲôΪһɲǣɫ˻ҰȻ
˷Ӧһ󻩻
һ𾪵Ŀע£ϫںУȴƽأɫݣ֮ιȴմȾԣ貨С
֮䣬ͺǧɾ룬ִһµʯ֮ϣ
ȫ𾪣ѻȸ


1158 ʽּ
ֱϫִµʯ֮ڳŴȻѡ
˵ȵľ磬֮ͬУԹϡ˫֣
˭Ҳû뵽ֻɳĳϫΪȻ߳ټһĺ޷赲䲽
֪Ʈһ֮
ԽǼ֮ͣ·ϾߵøԶĵĻꡢӤĴ󾳽硣
о磬ȴûй֮ϵ֮Ƕ֪֮Ĵڣȴ֪ȥ
ףΪ̫֮翣޼Ѱ޴֡
ֱеĹʶǣҪֲֻ֮ڵİ취һնɱߣ۹֮֮
Ϊ֮Ȼ֮
һְ취֮ţ֮Ҳֻá
ڳЩһȺӵܣ츳ȺףۼΪҲڡĵĲΡ
Ƕڵ̨ϵĴǣҲֻȼﵽĻˮ׼֪®ȵȡ
ҪôʥɾϵĴڣҪôǰ벽ϹŶ
ԵֻɳĳϫȻӵСĻꡱ֮ĵΪʱٴŻᶯݲѡ
Դӿ˿ʼһֱδڵ֪񣬼һĻʱ˵ĵһǣ˲
仰ѰܴһλڻĹʱڶպͨ˵һּߵˡ

ʱ˼ϫߵɣΪǼĺˣҲ̤Уɻδվ壬ɫһɷףӰҡҡ׹͵رˮûһҺ
Ŀ֮£ֱӱ̭֡
ӣ״˲еĽңɫأҲףϫĵΪȷ̫ǿԼ޷֮⡣
йسϫܿ͹ȥճС
ʱеӱ̭Ҳвٵ˳ɼĺִµʯ֮ϣһӵܣȴ޷ϫǰˡ

ںĵµʯܼ߰ٿ飬ͨʯ
ֱһӵܺɹĺʱ߰ٿµʯϣճһٶ֮ڸղŵĿУһٶӵܱ̭
ܲпᣬ˸ǿ֮ǡɣûκνҿԡ
ҵǣʺ͹Ҳ˳ɼĺִﵽµʯ֮ϡ
һʱ䵽ʼµʯ飡
Զ̨ϣ®˵ʱ˫гһɫᡣ
һ̣ǵ̨ϵдվӣĿһɫᣬɫҲǱׯ
ʽּ
пӡһԵʵıԴϢµʯϽпʱһϢÿӵܣԴ̽־ǹ
ʽּĹЧ˼򵥣УһЩ־Ϊɫߣܹ󣬴ӶǵʵıԴϢ¡
ǿܹӳ˵ܻڽ޽֮ʱ߳ɻܻ͡ơ
˵ԨҶƱǻӶӵС۽ˮ¡֮Ƶʹƣս㱩
®˫ּʽּµʯϵһӵܽԶ¶֮ɫɫᶨһ־ڱصõģ
ǷɡҲ⣬ƣһ˿ڴ
ϫҲһйءʽּĴš
ĴžǣʽּеıԴܹӳִˣڽ޽֮ʱ͡ơ
νƣϵĴ硰ơ̺ľִ硰ơ̺硢ִ
ԨҶõġ۽ˮơ̺𡢽ˮִ
ͨԣƴִ̺ҲǸһЩĴƣ̺Ĵ
Ҫȴô򵥵飬أһĴ޽ɣһҲֻһִơ
ʽּıԴȻܹӳִˣڽ޽ɾʱмܻһ͡ơɴ˾Ϳ֪ʽּкεȲˡ
κһ߶ԣⶼһԿܵջ
ˡ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣǰУطһĲһɫչӳڱ֮̿С
һɲǣһͻȻڰУͷųԣʮɽӡ
иһϡɬĲϢڳÿжǺݺһ𣬲Ƶһľηڳʥһ㡣
һ̣ǽɫоͷһȦȦĹΣһӵϣϼһȫ°
Ȼ󣬳ϫӵܣʶһ֣ҲܲκһС
գ
ˣ®дһɫữһĨ⣬ɻУؼҲʧ
Ϳǵˡ®ЦЦ˫šʽּݸλϵ֪
֪ͷһԤУ˽ѧУܹģֻ²ֹһˡ
˻һʱȤ
һ۵ЦҲôΪǷɡ˲õӦ˶Ⱥ׵
˶٣ȻӵҲΪ˵ãһ߱컯֮ӵܣɶҪࡣ
ԣԶΪȻһǰμӿ˵ӵܣԻȺӢ֮ͣѧҪࡣ
®Ƴ۵һۣǲ֪ĽϰΪ֮У˭пܻ
ΪȻǼˡ
⼧ĽϰԥЦȻҼϵļ
Լ˿Լ˵ġ
һϼװ޾ףӺݸ߹˵ô˵ΪһҲܻ
壬ˮһĴѪᣬǵѧԺԺһλϰ
尽ǲϺᣬ˹嶷ţ˭ˡ
ҵСһҲ
ߣĪҽˣ
һӣԶ಻ס׷׿ڣãԶΪԼӵΪ㣬òɿ
ʵҲôȥû壬һлҪ˽У֮ôҲֻǶԼӵܵһΰˡ
ڳ֮УΨ֪һԲУԶģЦ
®ˣЦʵ֣֪У˭ϣ
˻һҲ׷׽Ŀ֪Ҳ⡣
̧֪ͷԶһۣ㴹³֣ϫ
ͣ٣û˼Ҳƽƽ֣ȴԶĬǸеӵܣǵȻҲϫ֮ʣκ˲ˣҪ㡣
ǣΪǶϫ֮ԹĴټڳǽԶղûἰϫ֡
ڣ֪˵ˡ
Ȼ˽Զע⵽ǰ׾գײس鴤һ¡


1159 
ӵѧԺԺԺ֮λԷ˵
ϽӲ֮ɫһţЦϫȷܻҵһЩĽϰһ״ӡ
֪Ƴһۣûж˵
®ȴüͷһ壬Լоǳϫ汻ĳϵĽϰΪ״ӣǾһ
Ļпܻٵϫǰ̣
Ͼӵܺͳϫ֮ìܣǿɶһһУ˭Ҳĺȥϫˡ
Ȼֻһ˵®Ҳȥƽϡ
ͨ
Զĺ룬һµʯϵĵӣ͵һͷԵ˺УӰһͱһߡ
Ҳζţѱ̭֣ûʸѧԺ
һĻ˲ͽ̨ЩǵעתƣΪ־Ŀ飬ѵ˷ֳʤʱ
ͨͨ
Ȼʱ䣬½һӵܴµʯ׹䣬յʱ䣬µʯֻʣˡ
˽ˣ̭ˣʣµ˼ٴµʯ׹䣬Ҳǿ˳ѧԺ
Ȼ˲δʹ˽ʱ䣬ؼģΪֿ˵㽫һʱе
ʱʣµӵܣҪֳֿ˵ΣҪۺǰֿ˵Σֳһ
ǲһѧԺУҫϵһ

ͨͨ
ʱ䣬žУֻһˮŽÿһҲζһӴµʯ׹䡣
µʯϾĥѣҲֻԼˡ
һ
أµʯϵӰֻʣ˲ˡ
ʱǵ̨ϵĴҲϢ񣬽ĿڳУһգգҴκϸڡ
ϾأԼµʯϵӵܣǸԵУϹߴҵӵܣҲз硢硢ӵܣһɫԶС
֮˳ϫ֮⣬Ѱӵܡ
ҲýʱУÿӵܴµʯ׹䣬һϧ𣬴˷ڶ
¶վݣһϲҳ
ֱµʯϵӰֻʣʮʱ򣬱û˶һӰȻȻûһ˿֧Ųסļ
ʱҲ͵˵ֿؼʱ̣Ϊܷһʱоģ
Ҽӵ˼ֵڣ֮죬
һϮ۵ļĳЦ־
Ҳһʱֻ˼ֵڣһУ˼ֵ񡣡
һϵĽϰҲЦúϲ£졣
ǿľҵСӣŲʮѣȴȡΣʵҲⰡ
ľҵһλЦ˵
ûڵģкЦģҲҡͷ̾ģһ㡣
Ψ裬ǰ׾ӺݵϣƵظһĨԵЩΪһУȻֻһ˼ֵڣ
һ˰
ֱһĪĳ裡
ܸܵ˿ԼĿУһĨֻζָоŭ
һȺһýӣȴܸ˲ֱϵ棡
ԽԽŭϫĿУҲǲһĨɭ֮ɫСһԹԸҵţ˵ѧԺץκ
ƺԳϫʲô뷨
ͻȻһƽ̧ͷһͼ֪֪ʱѽĿϡ
һݣȴЦ˲ţðܸһλϰ״ء
֪ջĿ⣬ʵɲ˷ģʱֻвϼһﶼΪ״ӡ
˶٣Ҳܿ
һ仰ص㣡
Ȼóеһ˿ζɫ΢΢ЩЦִܵ࣬ҶЩ˵ĺˡ
֪ǸЦ飬ԣֻ΢΢˵ͷ㲻ٶԡ
ˣȴĲƽӿȫû뵽֪񾹻ԳϫۿԼһΣ
ߣǺ϶֪죿ǳԾպޣӵ˼¡
䣡
ڴʱǾ֮ϣ͵һտɫҡҷһ貵ɫ׹֮ľСϣȫ֡
ľһλϰˣһվӣ콵ˮ󣬲⺢ӹȻ
Ҳ¶һĨۣʣʮӵܣۼս츳ΪľСĴڣƫƫأȴڿеһ󣬵ȷϡ
ҲζţľСͽõˣ
ȻƬ̺ʧȴһƵ̫̾
һƵһڵѧԺĴﶼ¶һ˿ׯ֮ɫ
ȻǣľСܵãӰһʹµʯ׹䣬޷ȥˡ
ˣǵѧԺĴǻǼסľСˣԲмʮ£һڲμӿ˵ӵоԵĶһ޶
ˣδɾע
ϧ̫֮λֻ֣ڵȡĲΡ
Ҳ˳ϵһϰڣϺľһֱͣ˵ҲԽԶЦЦΪȻ
ΪѧԺĽϰȻ㣬ֱǡع
ԽߣõĺôԽ󣬾ͺñȽ֮ʱعεԻ͵ĴеĴ֮Դﵽ֮ࡣ
ԨҶƵĻõĴơ۽ˮ¡ǡﵽһȵعӶá
ȵġȴִֻܻĴơ
ľС֮ȴǲû콵ÿһʱ䣬ͻһӵֲܼסµʯ׹䡣
һֱµʯϽʣʮһʱֳһΪԯϵԯͬ
ЩѧԺУԯõϵڶȵġľСԸһ
ܿ죬ԯҲǴµʯ׹ֻ֣ʣʮˡ
ֱľ塢ٹ̡׺Ѱɡϫ
Ŀ˶ԣһ׶ΣƵʱʵҲȷˣԯ֮ľ塢ٹ̡ˣ½󣬼
Զﵽ˵ڶȵġ˾̾𾪡
ԭܼ򵥣ʱֵƵٴ󣬿һ״Ǿ޽У


1160 ֮
ȷǾ޽У
Ŀ֮Уܳ£񣬿˻ûѾĴΡ
ĶǵѧԺеĴĻ᲻ЩԵľС֮ľ塢ٹ½жĲ
죬ȻҪˡ
®ͷ죬һֵĸп
ԣ΢΢һУ®˵һĴ١
νӢһ쿼֮УȻӿֳ˶ྪȷЩˡ
ѭӦǡ
֪ͻȻڣƱ£γ¸ֵĿʼ
˻һٴĬ
µĸ֣
ǿҪ޾Ѫд۰׹
ڴ˴֮£˭⣿
֪ɨһۣ³һ仰ˣȥ
ϣǲ֮ϣٴڶһ󣬶Ӷ
һ󣬽زá磬֡
ڶ󣬾ѩƮֶ׹ڽ׺ϡ
һڣƻɽѰǡ
ʱǣգѩƮҡһӿȾһعɫʡ
һ쳹𵴰˷糿ĺģôÿʡ
ˣһڵѧԺһȸݹ۹Ž񣬻ĵһ֣
⡭ˣĪǡ
üûܣЩ硣
£Ҫᣡ
֪ͻȻüϾһƬ⣬и͸һɲΥǣͬҲǿһرԼ˾Ȼ̬ȡ
˼ˣԶ죬⡣
Щƣ®ЦӵԶֻһߣܴﵽһȵعʵ
˶٣ĿµʯһֱûжĳϫɡˣλΪУмܴﵽعĲΣ
ûʣϫܷ󣬶ֱʣǷعɼ϶ϫ˱ȻһģؼڣǵɺεȲε
⣬ûȥɣΪⶼŵģǷɡǼϫԶӵҪһ
ǲЦ
ӦöԣֳߵͣЩˡ
ǼĽϰµʯĥµ־ϣս־Խǿ֧ԽãϸݣɳĳϫվҪһͷϾ˿ɶɺڵʵ
˲ΪȻľһλϰڵ־ȻΪһϵˣ־ͬ͵ġǱʲɷ룬ǳϫӵĻεĵΪܺȣ
˻̫Ƭ棬ϫȷףۼʵսȴǲߡλ޷˵
ЦڶʵսУϫǵһһԯϵĽϰȻЦ
ԯͣҲˣЩֵвٶͶȡɵԾĻֻ¾Ͳ˵ĶˡϵһϰҲ߳
˵⣬һֱһԲɫȴ΢΢һͶȡɣϫɱԼϵӵܣֻȡɣδԼӵ̫˰ɣ
úԼӵܶӣǳϫɱƵġ
к޼˳ϫĻлЩޱ鿪ڵǵڶֿˣûκνҿԣ
ǽϵĽϰ֪Դǲףʱ첻ԡ
˼ˣҲҡͷѡ
ȷ磬µľȷ̫ѷֳߵˣΪϫˣԶ̫ҫۣҪֳߵͣÿյĿ˽
ˡ
ڴʱһػԻ͵ϢͻȻӿֱ֣񷣬ǲУǸֳһͷɳ˫죬ͨѤλƵӰѷ裬ԣ
󡪡죡
һɲǣ֮͵ؼһһĻ֣ҡҷʯշȦȦﶼһ
һȡع֮
֮ڽ޽֮ʱпܻһַ̺֮ĴƣȫڵԨҶƣ
ˣһڴҲǽס¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʵѪ޷̧°ͣ˵ü֮䣬ǽԺ֮ɫ
ûãǼҲ󣬲ӳֳ˻ĵ龰ֺ롢һɻ
һĻЩһ̾
֪Ǽ̫һͳ壬ɽʳ֮ңܹӵҲǶԼݵһϿɡ
̫Żٰ֮˻ģעҪһʱģĽϰЦɡ
˶ڼıֻǼΪͬģڼʱ˵ȴǲҹͬҲû˵ڣϾǼıֵȷ̫ҫۣʱδЩζ
ڼ£Ƿϣ͵ų⣬һ͵Ծ֮̿ϣǬͻ͡
ǴĿУӻԾŮ裬нţзաԵúۻ뿪
˼ˣԶһɫ΢
֮У޷ĽϰҲһ˶ԴʲôۣɴǵķӦܹ󣬵ҫ۵һ
ֱƬ̺󣬲˿ڣ뵱ȼ硣
˳ĬΪ˵֪񣬵ѧԺԺ֮޷粵
ô˵Ļõһġعˡ®Ҳ૳
ϰԣнЩӣڷˣܹϿɺͰݣɿԼɽӵܱ֮˱ȥʱҲЩ΢ɬġ
ϫأôʱûжǽϵĽϰͻȻʵ
̧ȥȷ֣ϫһֱµʯϣһκҪףɽԶ΢΢첻ѡ
Сһò޷ɣһϵĽϰԴ٩
Ȼܣʵܹµʯϼֵڣ֤־Ǻεǿ󣬲ҪԽɵĻЩˡ
ľϵĽϰ̾Ϣһ
ԣ඼ЩΪȻףǲ˶Գϫ֪ЩӺìܵġ
ϣѹǷһͷΪɽֲԸһĻ
Ͼһʵ֤ǸеӵܣҪѷɫǷһ˿ģϫٳɣԵЩӵЩˣ
ˣѴﵽһȶˮ׼ϫҲֻܺȼѡ
ƽڣͼӴȥڮٳϫΪ˵ʵػʲô˼ȥ޵ضԳϫﲻм
ԣҲԶΪȻ
ǵģϫҪôȲϷɣҪôֻܺͷɱȼ磬Ϊʵ
ڴʱ®ȴ˼λǵһǧǰһλƸѧڵֿʱõô
Ƹ
΢΢һƤһԺиֳһ׿˫°ӥͦӰ


1161 
ƸһѧԺеĴ
ڵѧԺʷϣĴ񻰣Ƹڵһȴһ޷ԵĴڡ
һǧǰʱƸǸˣӥ޷ֻǵãƸǹһǰμӵѧԺĿˡ
ڵһֿУһ
ڵڶֿУһ
ʱûΪֿͨˣƫƫأڵֿУƸһȥƽӹ񣬴Źʣ
ȡ˵ֿĵһһáǳˡعķ룡
ڵʱѧԺĺ䶯
֪ԵʽּеıԴݵĲͬˡعΡ
Ƹõ֮УȴθٲȻͬ˹̶򣬴һʷǰ漣
ڿ֮Ƹıָǳڣ̶꣬޽֮úơ𡱣ʱδʶ׿䡰ͨޡһٺ䶯£
ȻǣƸڽѧԺĵ꣬ʧңң٣û
˵һ֮أС
Ҳ˵ƸĪԵΪһߵͳĵӣϴȥˡ
֮йƸ䣬˵硣ûܸһȷеĴ𰸡
ɼˣƸ֮ɳΪɽһ޷Ĩȥӡǡһǻ񷣬ҫ۶ĿɲǶţȴ˶ĿйĴ档
ʱ®ͻȻƸ֣һڴʱ¶ݣĿԶµʯ֮۵ĳϫϡ
˵пҲƸһƷ룬áع֮ϵ
ľĽϰɿڡ
ܣ
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޹羲ĵȺ
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ûãǰ׺ѰҲ½ӾѣһɫԶϲ֮ɫ
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֪Ȼڱ֮䣬ǲЦĸϣǺظֳһĨ֮ɫ
𺳣һɡжƵظһ뷨걻δƸǷҲ


1162 
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ʱһĻڳֻ֪֮®λ벽ĿãȴֻŶѡ
Եϫ󣬲ꡱĺ󳡾ʱǵĵΪҲһĨ޷Ƶ𺳡
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ٹ̡ľ塢ѰˣҲΪӣеʧ䣬еҲһԺ
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ܱԺģֻһˣǾǵѧԺף

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1163 
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ϣǲҵֻǰһζΪԵúۡ
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ڶɡ
һϫ
Σһǳɣûиڳκ˱Ļᣬտ˵Σϡ
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ڡѧԺ⡢ɳڣȻһˣһƬضû


1164 Ժּ
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ҲûһѧԺտеĵһȻһȫ벻ˡ
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֪һȻ̧ͷڳˣдһ˿ԵĸͬѧԺκνϰճϫΪ״ӣȷһţպ顣


1165 Ļ
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ΨкܣϲϫΪĳһе״ӣôҪٶԸǱȻء
ͬˣϫ޷ΪκһϰĵӣҲζѧԺ󣬱ؽǹһˣѰѧҲûʲô
ʱϾǰԸټɵκһȥάϫ
Ҳ˵ķӦϢʱϫҲüѣ̸ϷŭҲܸ
ֻǺܲףһλײβԺΪڴʱ˿Լһ´һּ⣬Ϊʲô
Լǵһ
ôܵĴ
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ԣԺǰĿĸò˼򵥲Ŷԡ
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˻һҲΪȻҲǸоһּ̫ΣԲŸеЩȻ
ʲôѲµģԺʸ䵱ϫҵʦӵܣԲżҴ´һּ⡣
ԯƾߵ֪û취ճϫΪ״ӣΪƣԴ֮䲻һЩ
ԣݸ
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ԺԺ쿪ڣ˲˵ͬ
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꿪ڣһϮ°׵ۣòׯؾһһиɴ䣬ӲˮԵΪǿơ
ԺǺ֣ô겻֣һ־´һĪּ⣬ʲô뷨ϸ˵Ҳãƫƫɽ֣ĥ͸Խ
᯳ü˵Դ֮ԺΪ˵Ժ֣˲ʲôס
Ϊܼ򵥣ΪѧԺеϹŶǶԺıԣ򵥰˸ָǡпգһ񡱡
˵ͨ׵ǣǴӲ涨·һЩƺֵ顣
ȥҲûȻֹЩΪƣҲóϫҲΪ
ڷЩӵܣҲˡ
գ֪񷢻ˣһˣʱҸãȽӵܵ⡣
˵⣬һɨЩЦе磬Ǿһ״Σ
˻һһӵܽԶһĿзγ֮ɫ
˴ͨ˵ӵܶܲҵ״ӣɲô׾յģһȥٿǿǡ
ϵǣҡͷûɨһۣתȥ
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˻һҲ˵ԯΪ״ѧˣӵܽԶ۲ѡ
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ԯһɫ
ӵԼ״ѧʲô¶ԯƾҡͷпţתһ˲뿪
ҲвٴѡԼ״ѧ
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Ͼ״ҲζŽ²ô׾ڣ
գҲֻôȼѡжѣҲζţӵֻܴܶԺͨѧˡ
ܿ죬ЩӵѧԺǶ뿪ֻʣ֪®ԼЩԺĽϰ
ˣеձ岻١
˵ûбЩѡΪ״ӣڳӵܲоʧ䣬ֻҪܽѧԺҲҵʦ
ΪɽһѧԺܳΪһӣһĪĻԵҶǴǧĶľӲɱ콾ӵܣȻΪһѧԺѧζҫ͵λ
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ϫƣʧ䣬ѹҲˣܣϲã̬֮Ϊƽġ
ڲμӿ֮ǰûαʲôϣ
ڿ֮ҲûҪΪһ״ӡ
ѧԺֻҪһϼɵݰˡ
кʹУδ޼еġˮ֮ںأĻвʲôȤ
֮Ϊµ޼񹂣ϫܷУûй⣬⴫УȻҲǷܳΪĳ״ûٸо
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ʱ֪΢΢һЦۻӶֻǴ쳹𵴵Ť
һΡߴͭţƾճ֣
ѧԺӭҳΪһԱ
ৣ
еĿ⣬ͬһʱˢˢһɸߵͭŻĿ⽥óȣЩ
ѧԺһǿʥأڴʱڶǳ˴ţ


1166 Ů洵
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ҫ۵Ƕõһϯλĳϫ
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ޣڵ֪˴εѧԺ˵һǳϫʱڷһʥɳĪ𵴡
šһ𣬴ϯͬΪϫʮ졣
ݷӵ㲻ױõ͵ܵĪĴһ㣬һǧɡ
ʿգҪҶĿ࿴ôϧǲ̫࣬ʲôʱɽһֽһΪĵǸ
δޣľУһϮӢƥľٿе򣬲ΪȻЦЦεĴС
ϫϫ
βޣУնԾһ죬˼һ죬һֱظһ֣˲²͸оʲô
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һŻһε㣬ĿɨӹȥͻȻƽӿһĨڵľأǾη
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һǿ־ɽ£ɨһںڰŻһǿ־ǵ̾ѡ

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УһΪڰʥԨ
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ڴʱһߴɵĿӰɽУÿһ£ƴһף𶯣ɽ
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ŶõģʦһӰٿȻСһɸ߿󺺣Ŀ˫磬絶̵ϣ֮ɫ
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һһصһľͷ£˼ãźȻЦ⵹ȷһ׮Ϣϧֻû˸СΪ״ˡ
̤ʥȻΪΣ˵ǵѧԺпǲԻֹô򵥣һһλɫˣλ棬ɶǱУԺ֮ؾԺϯϰ
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̤ʥʱ죬ûû̲סʦΪʲô
ȱߵ֪ʲôй¶𣿡
̤ƵȻ֪ǳϫֲй¶һֺη
ȱһŹֵɨ̤ʥһۣջҡҡͷûж˵ʲô
̤ʥˣ֪û취ʦеõ𰸣㼴תƻϢҪҪʦ֪ųϫЩͬ飬ڰʥԨһأѴòͷˣٲ͸ףǷǳȥҳϫɡ
ȱ˼ȻУСӲŸɽ㣬ʱȥСӣֻ»ˡ
˵⣬ңңԶǻҳĲ񷣬૵İɣȱò˶ãеĴͽˡ
Уһ˿˵ĳء
ʱ˿̣һƬ֮أ¹һһɽ֮ǰһɨɽǰʯдŮ洵ĸɬӵĹ֡
ڵˡ
һв޼֮ɫֻһӹҵĸо;ֱһɽȥɫƽ


1167 ޽
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һǿۣͷǾž޵츳ĥ£ɳΪҫ۵ľ뢰
ϿѧԺֻһЩ߼ĴڷѧԺȴڱ棬һ
ΪһѧԺ¸󶥼еĶӵܣ֪жٶǿߴӵѧԺ߳ЩǿвһЩͨպģ
Щ綼ԳƵϾ뢵Ĵ˵ѧԺϾѧԺԸʦйϵ
ƽֳʲôɵѧԺвʱڵѧԺĴǣȻӿ
ʱ˲ŻףѧԺڱ֮µǺεȵĿɲ
ͺñһͷ˯еľƽﲻɽ¶ˮɵʼѵʱ򣬿綼
ǵѧԺĵ̣ҲܹΪɽһѧԺԭڡ

ϫ֪Ĵ£һͭŻ֮һɲǣͳһƬİС
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ʱϫ˾ʹֺƽ̨֮ϣɽƽ̨ȣǾͬһֻֻϰ㣬ԵС΢
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ǵѧԺ֮̾أǵͨٶۻ֮ڴУһտɵʮ֮
ָ֪Զ嫲ãɽأ룬͸һԺ֮ɫ֪һЩɽԼĴ桢񻰾ﵮ
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֪Ťͷɨһɫ˷ܵĳϫˣ΢΢һЦ˵ԼγҲЩСһһ˼ԵѧԺһг㽡
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һ·ϣ֪һЩʶڽһЩ
ԭѧԺУԺԺ󲿷֣вؾԺԺݵԺԺ
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ÿһԺУԺԺְλϯϰͨϰ֪񣬾ԺԺ®Ժһϯϰ
ֵһǣԺ֮УڵҵģһɫϯϰԺֻȼϯϰͨϰ
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ʯ֮ˣʢԣ˸ҫ۹âɢһĪѹ֮Ƭء
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ĿӹȥͿͨʯϣҫһ⣬Ϊһҫ
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ھ棬һʮһꡣ
ڰ棬оŰһʮꡣ

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ԣҲЦѣǰϵ֣޾أټЦ֮⡣
Ҳܺ⣬Ǵ޽ڰڰˣԺ˾Űһʮ꣡
֮඼˼ʮεԺˣֱԾûܽԺһ֤磬˲õһλӣӵܶԣ츳Ҳ˰ˡ
һĻ֪üͷһ壬ɨһˣ֮޽ʱʮ꣬ϰܹ꣬һǰģмǿҪ֪Ժ֮УӵаǧˣǷʲô
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˻һڳ˵ɫԶ٣
޽ɣһǵżѿԽٶȿѾһλ˲õˡ
ȴɲȻһλһǰѧԺʮ֮󣬾һٽ޽ɣٴ޽ʮһξͨԺˣΪһԺӣڴˣ治Ƿʲô
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˵һƬ
˵ɽϵ翪ɽеһƬСһ㣬ɢһĻϢ˾ԲΪ֮һ


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ڿʼǱǵѧԺһѧ۳۱ԶֻԺӵеһӣҪλȫƾԼȥȡ
̧֪ۣɨ˳ϫӵһۣ˵ǻᱻžĶ츣ء
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ЩԺϰᣬǻ֪һУСһǣ;ά裬صԶúŬɡ
֪Ըһ䣬ƮȻ뿪
ϫһĻҲɰ𾪣ѧԺһϰӵʥɾʵڶǵȵطԳΪһ֮ˡ
ܿ죬ʮϰɢʼѧԺ
ϫɡǰʮΪһ飬ָǵһִݴĻꡣ
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˵ɽǻʼ츣𣿡ڣָԶɽʵ
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ͷҪУһҪɰǧֵȴֻܹλӵǱޡ
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˻һʱ˵ĲĿ׺˸¶һĨ޵ļͳŪ֮ɫ
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ûйɲ˵㣬Ͼǿ˵һ㡭ŵѣʸң
ϫɨ˰һۣ仰ǰľˡ
ɫһ͸һĨɭӳϫãźȻһЦƿĿ⣬ٶԡ
ڳ˽һĻĻС
ɫ
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һμܣͿһֵ
ԣһڵӽԶһʲôʱƶƹأôֵָҹˣô֪


1169 С
ϰ˵ǣӽڵѧԺڴܾҪ۳һֵ
Ȼ涨ǰûУǽոƶ԰ѰϹӵܣҲһУЩȻơ
Ʋܴܣƴ˲ҪܵͷҪ۳һֵ
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ǿǱȼƷʯ⣬ûԺڵѧԺоԴ粽С
ڶ͵ɡȻԥؾҪڻʼС
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ΪķչþˣΪֵ̫࣬ʼҪǲ޴Ϊ
Ͼֵû˿׬ʼûˣǿɾûˡ
Ȱ˳ϫɡ֮ӵܣ԰һ츣أȻųϫ˳ɽɳ۶ȥ
ϫǽɽʱʱܹܵؼŨĻϢͬʵһƮҷ֮䡣
˶ǾһǱޣΪĪ档
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⣬򣬺ֵͨһֵܹκɼƷǿͨ̽ȻҪһƷǵǰֵвſԡ
˵ţóӨ͸ԼĪȭͷСĹ򣬵˹
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ΨϫЩ΢΢

ڷмΨһĲͬڣе򣬿ֱӶһƷ
ѧԺеһɱ鼮ѡж֮󣬻ֵһˣ˲ܶһı
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ЦЦһ˴ŵЦƮȻȥ
λϰƺԼ⣬ԺлᣬǿԺύһ
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˷֮£һʼܹ֮УŲ˼á
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´һЩţǵѧԺŲ֪ٵͨһСĴڣǿɴˡ
İɣȻڵѧԺˣоȻӵŻȻǵԿٵһʼ֮ϣĽƣɲ˭ܲ̽ġ
Сƽ룬ҪҵĴڣҲֻôȼܰ쵽ǲŲ˼ڹעСһϣʱԣ˭Ҳܷҡ
ϫһǾͺá
ಣ
СͻȻӳϫϷ𣬵һĵϣԭΪҪ޸壬Ҫǧ£Ļ֮ȫȰˡʱɽУҲݱ֡
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С̾һָĻȴҿϣʮ꣬ұ޸꣬ʱǣָʵҲˮɵ顣
ϫЩȻû뵽һϧСԼôࡣ
ЩΪѾ߱ɽı죬֮乲꣬˴һ𣬹ףǷһЩ޸֮Ի㵲һЩ
ϫҡͷǰ̫࣬ӦҿǷǰһЩŶԡ
ԣ˺Щ֮۵Ĵڶ޷ײ͸Ҵʱ˵Щ֮硣ɣϱĶ̫࣬ƾʵԶԶȥһС
С˵գţʼ¶еĻӨӨ⣬һƻɬԹԡ
СĻóϫĬãգһҡҡͷٶ룬ϥһգǾӨ͸ͳС
а󣬲¼ŸɼұĶһйصѧԺһЩϢ
ϫʶ̽УʱԺиһĻĻ֮ϣӿĿĸͼϢ
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鵤ҩӵдϴ֮ãһǧһֵ

ָɱҩɲġڳϫԺУóϫҲһۻңԽԽľ
еɼұʵ̫̫࣬ס̫׵ɱӵУֻǵȼ۸ȴǼΪֲԳϫڵңһ
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û뵽λǺӾֶԼֵ
һ̵ĳϫͷҲ𺳲ѣʶ̫Ĳ֮֮𽥵Ļع
ٶȷԽ󣬳ֵϡ֮ҲԽԽ࣬һ۸Ҳһ·óϫɴ۾
̫ħǣһİֵ
˻¾ħǹ̫ɱʮֵ
ϴ񵤣֮裬ٰ߰ʮֵ

һֿıһһֳϫǰÿһ翰Ⱦ֮óϫƽǶһ۸񣬸ϫһľ


1170 ͼ
ѧԺɽһѧԺӳֵһɼұóϫ̾ѡ
ЩÿһɽǧŰУȻһᣬڣȴǳΪ˼ѧŬȡֵֶΡ
ǵģ׬ȡֵ
ڵѧԺֵȴԴһУֵԶһκҪıͬҲϰָУ

ϫһʹջʶʱһƳ͵غݺһ顣
ɱƪߵһҳϣֻȼ֣ȴóϫעһӾͱס
ͼƬѧԺԺ֮һһڰǧֵõʴ֮Ͽɣ
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ϫ¶û뵽УȻܻйغͼƬȷϫеޱȵ⡣
𾪵ǣһͼƬļֵȻﵽڵ֣һõʴ֮Ͽɣ
κһѧԣһ̵˸е֡
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֪֮УĺͼӦɾſƬɣѾȡ飬ֻĿ飬ƴճĺͼ
ѧԺоȻһ飬¶һޱȣϫǾ۸ĴۣҲҪȥŬһ˵гɹĿܡ
ĬĬ˼ãϫͻȻ䣬һɾ˵Ĳ籩ϯԭ»Сʱ͵ط˹
籾ԴƬԹԣѧԺðѴóˣСУ͸һƵļϲ
ϫһʶһɨȻͿǺͼƬǰһҳϣȻһּ籾ԴƬһһǧֵ
ϫ֮ʣǻ籾Դ飬ܻΪǧ磬С硢򡢵⣬Ҳ顣
һСĻ籾ԴƬУҪôǴӻеͨãҪôδ˷֡
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ϫૣĸУʺԼĲûУ෴ܶ࣬ÿһ׬ȡֵĿȴΪϡ٣Ҳֵѡ
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ˮһ̵ĳϫ绯һˮʱϸ꣬ʱӿƣʱ纣ֳйءˮĸ̬
Уԡˮ֮ĲҲǵĺһ㣬ԽԽ̣ˮ֮ʵڡ


1171 棬Ϊ
ʱţϫˮ֮Ѹٲɱ䡣
տʼӿ󺣣󣬶糤ӣϲȻϸ꣬
ֱǰֳֻһˮ飬
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ɵϸֱʱһˮ飬δκεı仯
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ϫûָֹо˳һ仯ʼ
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˵һۺ츳ʵ֮Ҳ֪Ǽ١
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ύʡʡɣЩĽɫĪǳϹһĶһĽ˼Ҳôأ
һ˽ЩϫһĿУҲǰŲͬһȺӿһȺ±һ
һĿע£ϫ˱۴˳صǰǰ֪һڴڵĸ̨ˡ
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˶٣󣬱㽫ӭÿʮһεԺˣϣڴڼץʱУӦףһرĵ
֮·Ҳˣϱһп޷׷ϱ˽ŲճɾҲע֮𡣡
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1172 ǿ̽
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£ȫһƬţÿһӵУӿһĨȼᶨ֮ɫ
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𣿺ܺãҿѹƾ磬Ϊ˵ȴᣬӽҽʼԴ֮ĳ棡
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Ȼǰеĳ֣ȻͰŲٹϵ
С㷢ʲô㶣û㻰
дÿһ̤ƾһأϫһ֮ʱ绯ΡɽɢһޱȵϢ
ҾǣҺ£ϫƽԷˣҲɲѹһԾ粻Եɵ塣
Ȼⰽһ޽ɣ
ʶһ㣬ϫȴ裬ѧһ죬ⰽʹٽ֣֮Լһɣ
ΪԼûгΪĳ״ӣͿ˰
ڵľ磬ҲܳΪ˵һһ㾿ʲôͣģұ֤㣡
жųϫã͵شЦһ۹Ķһб£Ͳʳϫͬⲻͬ̽ԵðԵǿ֮
䣡
һһͷ̽צЮһ޼᲻ݵأְ˷Ұƾ޿ӵĸо
ӵܶľѣ̺̽ѳɲεķ룬ϫֵܵס
Щˡ
һ̣Ҳüͷһ壬Щ䣬ڰһ̫ͻȻ˵ʹҪֹҲ֮ˡ
һĿɲϢϫɫޱȣһҪὩӲĸо
ҳɣʶָΪʩչԼոԲġˮ֮

һĨҫ۵ˮ⣬ӳϫ֮ӿɱ˼£һвǡϸΡȴϸθ£
飡
һȻеסһɲǵĶž档
һסˣʲô
ߣ
΢΢һ㼴һƼ䷢һֱӴݿһݺݳϫ
ǣǱĽδɢ˷Σ۶ٴν£
˼ˣͬȻѣҲУ
ɫһٴһһƴ޷񱩵ľҪ£


1173 ͬ
ϴ޷ɷ硢ִɵġơ֮һƳ״ƥ
⻹ǳϫһĴ޽ΪսһθܵơһɲǣҲǷһΣϢ
ֲִ̫һ壬أݿϢкɨǧư˻֮ƣѳ˴ĲΣ
ƣ
ӵܼˣԶɲû뵽޽֮İУΪ˶ԸڵĳϫԾǿ
Σֵһ̣ϫɫĮ˫֮սӿȴ侲ѩ
һ৵һΪ˷εĽٴαãΪ̺ǵϯ
ˮ֮УԲһ
䣡
еͳϫĽײʢԣ磬ƷХȻɢ˷òӵܶǷ׷˱ܲѡ
ŵŵš
̳УϫǾεӰ˳߲ɫ΢΢԰ףϢҲǱЩңѪݣΪܡ
ÿһ£涼ùѣ촷ۣ˳߲֮ǼӲޱȵĵϣ¶߸Ѵӡ
ɴ˿ɼһǺεȿɲ
ɼˣһǱϫˣ
˿һĻʱɫнԶݲѣвƵһ˿𾪵
˭û뵽ֻڵĳϫܹһλ޽̺֮ǿһ£
ֱ񿴼һֻ룬һסһ̫˼飬˲š
Ͼ޽ɺ֮ȫͬ磬͵֮ĲȫͬһС
ϫֻڶѣȴӲһȻ·磬վǵˣ
һ㣬ڳЩУмܰ쵽
û뵽˶̵ʱڣʵ˲١
ɾųϫɫ񾲣žȴǷһ˿Щڳϫʵٶȡ
ڱӵսֲտȡõһϯλ̾ת
һﵹһǿľ֣ϧΪԺˣֻû취սˡ
ΣϫĿУһĨ
ԯʡľ塢ٹ̡ѰҲΪӣ֮ǰУǲδͳϫ֣սδκ˽⡣
ɳϫӲһȴ𾪷֣ϫս֮ǿҲеһֳѹ룬ԼϫǺѵһģ
׺˵ɫ΢΢һɲжԳϫŵ⣬ȻԸֵǿ
֮ЩΪϫս𾪣ЩҲΪϫսе;ȣΨУɫЩѿ
Ϊһ޽ɣϴƵĿ֮£Ȼ޷һиɰһڵļһֱһ裡
ߣղֻĳһܷһϺ֮ɫһҪٴγ
ڴʱһͬʱ𣺡ס֣
ԯʡľ塢ľСʡˣԶȺվ˳ϫǰ
ϫҲ΢΢һĿһһԯӹͬģҲ΢΢һů
ͬʱǰһʹаҽ޽֮ʱһҪ鼸һ
ߣôдѣѵΪһһȴֻס֣Ѿʧȥ˴ѹϫʱ
д裿ϫӦдôԴ޽ɵݣͻȻһλӵ֣ܶǶϴƣǲҪ˰ɣ֮ǲǶһ޳ܣ
ľСʢָƿڴɴ˿ɼǡСħĴºŵҲʵ
ߣһԲСһҲҶ񣿡
ɫһָһ㣬һ񱩵ǴָӳֱľСȥ
㣡
ľжľС֣ĿӹһĨŭæľСǰۻǰΪһعܡ
أ
һָ֮ڹϣ˲ǽƣľƺһĵˣɫɷףһѪ
֣
ԯǼˣʱŭҲһĻһָС
һʱ֮䣬нԶַе
룡һ񣬲أҾףڵѧԺѧҪѧϰĵһÿΣ
мˣЦһȻ壬͵һӣǿʢԵ˭վ
ڳЩ˰ţɫǸѿ
ܹѧԺ˭ĸ֮˭ӵۺ̵Ķ콾ӵܣ±áڮ٣Ļܲŭģ
ߣ
һ̣ǼˣҲ߳׷ǰеĻֱָĿԹۣ
˵һǷŭ
ʱ򣬾ЩоЩˣüѣѧһ죬ңǵȺȻ֮
мһĻüеȻҲʶЩˡ
ϣȴһ㶼ʾȻҡͷڵԽԽûˣֻϣʧ
Ǻǣûһ޽ɵڻûͨԺˣֻ۸ˣʲô£
ߣȻҲֻǱһЩʱѣʲôŵģ浱㲻ɣ
֮ȻӲ
Ҫ뿪Щ׷׳Լ
˵ʲô
лȻֹսȣЩѧĵһ죬ұΪǣǾȻңǿ̣벻̣
䣡
һڴ޽ɵƣٿȻӰϯɢ˷ǽڳѹȥ
ЩˣȴŭƽЩӵܶԼİԽֻ㷺֮Ϊеͱˣǵͬ
ȻӵܣȴǱųĬԹ۵״̬׺Ҳˡ
ҲԿһЩߣ޳ϫģȻͲðкݺݽѵϫһ٣ͳϫԩ޳ģΪͬΪݣվһγͬһߡ
ϫˣҲЩ⣬аֻǰҲû뵽Ϊ˶ԸңȴþƷȵزɣ
˭ڴִѵ˽սѴѧԺɣ
ڴʱһͳ쳹һƾն֣ʩչ˲֮ԶǴ޽ɼĴڡ
Ϊ׵һ꣬ɫ𪣬ݣӥӣ촽͸һζ
Ժõĵӣ
ӵλд޽ڶ
һˣڸΧ۵һȺУһ궯


1174 
ã˼壬ƹִܺѧԺ̷֮µһ
ΨһĲͬڣѧԺóԱɣԶѧԺеѧһλϯΪߡ
õһˣԶֱԺԺϽԺѧУֻкܴġ
Ͼܹ뵽еĳԱĪԺеĶӵܣΪڴ޽ɵز
ֹǴ޽ɣǴ޽ڶǿڣ
ͬʱҲǽõϯӣͳõӣҲԺѧȨֿȵһˡ
һӽóԱƾɱڳնʱóŲ٣ԭŵľ棬ҲǱƽ
ЩõӵĿдź棬ЩĿ⣬źεļɵƺǽõӶһȺɱ˲գ۵ɷһ㡣
һλ֣Ϊ壬ֶκֻҪϵѧֻҪСĴҲᱻǵһƤ
ϫϣͻȻľĴȻֻҪ󣬻ʵǿôҲκ㲻á
ϫĬĬһмУȻľ崫лľָ㡣
ľЦЦʽǳǾͲԼˣô
ϫ˵ͷƳһԱߵԯʣľΪľʣŶչмӣôԯأĪΪĹϵ
ղţ˭ﶯˣվˡ
ʱĿһɨΧѧ˰кͳϫϣɫƽһ˵֮
ৣ
˵Ŀˢˢ˰ϣȴʼ磬һɲΪȻģǰֵ֣ղҺһдѣȻпܲѧԺĹأڵֵ۰ɡ
˵ţֵֽԵһѧϣȻ˫۱أĿɨϫһĨڽĻȡ
üɨ˰һְۣĿ⿴ϫղţͰսģ
ϫͷ
ȻˣǾ͸һ˰ɡ
ֵЩӵܣǴ߳ϫٲȻһҪץƵģ

ľüж𣬳ϫܺһƾʲôͷŹװԣȴҪ߳ϫ
˻һʱĸ͡
Īǽúǰйһ𣬹Ҫѹ
ߣҿʮа˾žˣ˭֪ϫϹϵͣȱֶδѹϫǿа
û뵽õѧԺҲĻ
һƽ׷ָ²һֱ궯
ɫһ磬ɨڳҽ£ҲҪָժ𣿡
˶٣οֻǴ߳ϫѯʣĴԻ뿪ڴɿ𣬿ɱҽҲһһ߳ʹˣ
˻һʱ
УϫһֱԹһУС׺˽Զ¶һ˿ײֻ
ЩһΪ˶ԸԼһ˰
ϫЦѣܿ췢һУ̫ͻأΣǰѹԼƲ֣áĴ壬ҪԼߣһһѳıõжĿ޷Ϊ˶ԸԼˡ
飬ϫͺһ߰ɡ
ƽ˿϶Ϊڱ£ڳ˿ɲôΪ
£ǶУڳϫԣ߳ϫҲҴߣҺһ֤
ʱǼͻȻվ˳ڳϣϫҲ΢΢һû뵽˻ΪԼ˵
ˣһüѡ
ǼһͻȻһţҲеЩ֡
ҲΪϫ֤
ʱԯʣľ塢Ҳվ˳
е˼ˣɫԶ΢΢һͣаղѣĻῴΪǿһ֣þٴη˱
һĻɫޱȣҪսѧԺĹ𣿡
ֻʵ˵ѡ
Уֻ㣬ɴѧԺĹأԣñҿñӡȻͿƾѹ
仰˵ĺЩЩԶȲѣû뵽ǿƣһҪΪϫģ
ĬãͻȻЦڵܺãһȷ˲ãȻһ֤ҾһΣҲ׷¡
˵ţŤͷߣƾʧ
õӼˣҲ뿪
һĻڳһһ󻶺ٲȻһʤ̵ģ
ЩҡͷѣЩ֪ηսѧԺ͵˽ãԺĻкùӳԣ
ڳ֮УΨСɫЩѿĿɨϫպޣǾɲ
ʵû뵽ϫô˵İԯʡľǼΪ
ıԳϫĵһδѹʧܸա

ûãڳ˶Ƿ׷ɢȥ췢һ飬ЩԶʶڵѧԺУҲһƬ
ҲӦǾ仰˵ĵطн
ϫһһľ˵л֮󣬱ǰֵղţлˡ
ȻһЦؿǱ˴˶໥ӦҲӦõģοҲ棬ҲΪͷ
ԴǳϿңºͣӺݷȣ崺磬Ȼһ˿ĽϢ
ͳϫֺһ㼴ת뿪
⼧˵ʲôǲҪ£Ϊã뿪ʺ͹Ŵ˹ʳϫ
£ǿ϶ģôһĿģǾԼź
ȳϫش𣬴ǰľЦ˵˵ôпܵϺ磬ȴ˴֧֣ңҲô
ϫԣҲЦЦΣվһæԺҪġ
˽⣬Ϊ˻ʺɣ̫Ż֮磬ֻҪǣϵύһҲǲġ
ʱԯҲ˹òãŨüĿȳɽ֮ǰϫʶȴذ˳ϫæ
һУϫУʱԯʹЦλҪлԯ
ԯʿЦʼ磬̹Ȼ˵лңһжҼСֻǷ¶ѡ
С
ľһòǼλԯеСɣ
ԯͷʱȴͻȻһƵС˵ô
Ⱥһ궯һԼ鶯ӰƮȻ


1175 ɽ
һŮһϮȹͷںڣӯӯɽɢһˬϢ
ӣ󣬼֬ƮҷǵȴԼ绪ʱ˸ӵܵƵƵĿԶеޱȡ
ϫŮʱʱЦˣӿһĨñطů
ŮȻǰ㡣
ȫԯ㣬Ϲߴ֮һԯϵĵϵᣬҲԯһԯ⣬ҫ۵һλ콾֮Ů
Ϊ̳̫ԯ
ιּˡ
Цúܲã¶һѩױ౴Ƶݣ޶Ŀһ˲ЦݣضȻʧɫ
ι
ϤĳƺϫЦ֮࣬ȴο֣Ȼǰһû̫ı仯
ʡľһ۾û뵽ϫȻĺԯλСʶҿģ˽黹ǳ
ǼСôʶϫģľ̲סԯʡ
ҵҲʣǼλʴС㣬ôʶϫģԯʵ
˶һۣԶһΪǷ֣ԯ㣬ľʣƺͳϫϵƫƫأǶ֪ϫκλϹҵĴСʶġ
أ׿أľأأأôûкһ𰡣Ҳԣʵû취ɽ硣
ϫԺܿģߴߴ˵ûꡣ
ϫֻ֪ǺܳʱûԼкܶ໰Ҫ˵Լȥһһش
УϫҲ˽⵽㾹ǳΪ®״ӣԺ®С
϶ۣԺѧˡ
ⲻòóϫпԼǧֿͨˣŽѧԺΪһԺѧɰ㵹ãʲôҲû룬ֱӾԺѧˣԺϯϰ®״ѧ
ģֹһˣϵ棬ľϵľʣͨϵ뵽˵ѧԺڡ
ϫ˽⵽ڶԴϹߴһĶʱѧԺÿһһ
ɲģҪ󣬲츳ϳߣҲᱻѧԺܾ
ǵѧԺĵڣҸˣɲһֻèܻõģҪѧԺȵûϿɲУ
Ȼ㲻Ϊ츳Ϊ˰벽®״ӣľʣҲӦúͰһ뵽˵ѧԺ

֮󣬰ͻȻʵ˵ղ鷳˵ʱüһǴһĨŭ֮ɫ
ϫЦѾˡ
ЩǣϣĻԵϫ̫ˣЩ飬ԼֽȽϺá
ϧشȴð㲢⣬̧ԯʣʮ֣Ѹղŵ˵˵
ԯҲһһʮ˵ˣδͼӴףֻǰѵʱһһҪһ顣
ô
ƲƲ죬ɱڵʮ֣ȥ֪ͨԯԺеĸ֣˵ҵ۸ˣ
⻰˵̫⺷ʺ͹಻ѣԹԣԯλСģ湻Եġ
ԯһҪô
㲻õѵ㿴ڿЦ
Ҫŭԯæȥ
ȵȣ
ϫһסԯʣһִ󣬶˭ҿˣлᣬһԽġ
ƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ˣξЩ֪ôĶһΡƲ죬ֻգ˽ϫıԣ֪̬Ѿ޷ٸıˡ
ֳĶֹǳϫǣһЩȥӵҲһԶԾѡ
˭Ҳû뵽ԯҵλСάϫټϸղľ塢ΪϫֵĻҲζţϹߴУǶԳϫΪշģ
ϣ硢һͬһɲСպϫٴαͻֻǵȳһ׳ޱȡ
ҲǴһ̿ʼ˿ʼϫ
ԭϫһеĵһܵѧԺĿֺԯϡľϡϹҵӵܽãٲȻһȽȽ
һѧԺվȽŲֻû˸ˣ
ǽô죿
ϫĴ㡣
ϾԺˣϫֻڣڼ޷޽ɾλд޽ǰʮôͽûл뵽֮С
׬ȡֵ
ϫԥ
ΪӵǳĹϵϫԼڽ˴޽ɣеֵģֵ׬ȡ
ǶǺͼƬ籾ԴƬ־ڱصõġ
ˡһתЦǵЩӵʱֵô
ϫȻʲô˼
Ȼᱻ۳ֵģһˣһֵѧԺôӵܣȻ׼ֵԺǾһ١
Ц˵ʦ˵ѧԺʲô󣿲ǵǹأֵֵǰʲôɡءһȫ⡣
ϫȻû뵽ΪԺϯϰ®Ȼ˵һԡ
һ룬ҲȷͼƬֵܹɼֵǺε֮ˡ
Ȼ׬ȡֵҵһ⣬ֵܹ׬㿴ųϫ˼
ϫһΪ·ģ벻մ˯һͷ
ʲô취
һ£ʡԯʡľҲȤǲŸ̤ѧԺһ죬һлϤܵõλǰָһȻǼõġ
ˣȻˣһɡ
˵ţתԶȥҲæ

ѧԺλһٶĽУɽܲϽɼ䷶Χһ㣬׳ֺޱȡ
ܵ˵ѧԺԺԺؾԺԺݵԺÿһƬһƬСһ㡣
Ϊ˷ѧԺдѧԺеĴﻹԺ֮޽˴͹ɴҲ֪ѧԺĹģǺεӴ
ˡ
ųϫǣһ͹Уһ̣һΡޱȵɽ֮ǰ
ɽ֮ϣ۴αȵĹϵɽһֱӵɽ֮ϣԶԶһǡһ޽ɽϵĹȡ
ʱɽַǷһӰУݹƿգѤޱȡ
ǡ
ľɻϳʲô
ѧԺзȡĵطֺܼ򵥣ͽɽзֲÿһÿ춼Ÿֲͬ񷢲
˵ţǴųϫǳɽϷɳ۶ȥ̺Ŀ࣬ȴȥӡ֤ݣԺͿƾ£㲻ܲĵɽÿ췢ĸ񡭡


1176 ĿԴ
ɽ
ַǷܿһӰǰȡģǰһģ㡣
д඼ҲܿһЩӰϰݡһĴڡ
ʾͿһͷƽѶһŮģ̬ŵ߽һС
ԺϯϰõĵӣһͷѪƽ񣬴޽ɲΣԺ緽ʮˣʲȵꡤ
һ䣬ʹųϫһ߹հ˹գɽһֺС
ڿ£ʱѻ˲Ӱһǰųһ
ϫһ˵ִʱ֣ⷢŶӵĳлˣٹ̡Ѱȵȡ
ߣԸŲȻҲ˴ǰɽӦҲΪӡ֤µݣȡ
ųϫһǰʱһŶӵжʱһ궯ϳ˳ϫݡ
㿴Ǿһеĵһϫһ㲻ǷǵһôҾóϫͺܲ
һ˷ָųϫԵһŮ˵
˻һʱһЦŮҲһ죬ѣݺһĸ첲۵ú߰ѽһгø˵Цˡ
ŮӼˣնţһ䣬ŤͷҲƵ뿪ˡ
㣬ȵҰˣҲæȥ·ϫʱ˱ȭ¶һĨЦݡ
˵ʶԷϫòسԷͷʾ⡣
û뵽лǺܻӭЦڣȪˮ죬ö顣
ǵȻһͷΣܵˡ
Цԭ㻹ЩнͨӴ֮ŷ֣ˬãκΪԯСĵ֮׽ӽ
ֹʣľҲˣԶϲԸ
ѣ鷳ϫҡͷ
Ǻһҫ۹⻷˻أۺ죬᲻ͻԼսǿ˵顣
̸֮ʣڶǰŶӡ
ɽ䷢񣬶רΪӡ֤ݣͨӡ֤֮󣬵ӾͿͨ£㲻زĵÿ·ĸ
Ȼӡ֤ҲҪһֵģ࣬ÿһǧ
֪ʺ͹һ鴤ѧԺҲ̫ڣȼթ˶й֮޲
û취˿׬ȡֵŲǧɶķ֮󣬾ͻһǧֵҪһǧһǵĲƸˮ˴롣
˶һп⻹սѧԺѣֵͻˮƵĻȥˣҲ֪Ժ׬ȡֵָúεȼˡ
ܿ죬ŶӵĴֵ˳ϫǡ
ǰһλ꣬ϫùһƵıڳϫݹһ¡
ֻ˵һһǧֵͱ۳óϫе㰵۲ѣ⻨ֵٶȣ湻ġ
ٽӹԼʱϫǷֵ֣ڲǱòͬһʶ̽У뵽һƬĿռһ㣬һƬƬĻУϱ߾һе
ÿһ񣬶עơҪԼʱܹõֵ٣νĿʤö
ˣÿһѧԺ׳̶ȳȡһֵãˣúŬɡ
ǻתҪ뿪ĳϫɫһͣҲǽסݺݳ鴤һ¡
ֲǺͼƬûܹһЩӰ˵ķãѹե˶ӵܵѪǮ
ܿ죬ľ塢ԯʡʡҲϣͳϫһ뿪˴
֪ǵѧԺɽһΪ˺ڵأĺڰ죬һ۵ģ
ҲȻһнԶиֵ̺ܵ壬ȲƸҪҲȲƸ׬ȡ
ţǲڵ˭ԯͻȻڡ
̧ͷȥͿǴǰһľ֮£һ޳Ӱ
ȹ˿٣ݾޣɢһεϢˮī߳һλǼ˰㡣
ڴǰӵܣԶ̲סƵƵĿɫ¶֮ɫϧȴһ˸ǰ
Ϊƽʵ͸һɾǧ֮Ĺ°ʣֻԶ۶ðš
ŮȻ˺һλѪͳƥ콾֮Ů
̫䣬Ŀֲڣܹ֮ȼģҲֻ֮һĴڡ
ΪѪΪĺᣬȻнıǮУٲȻͬŮĴڣӵкܶӵ
Ҳ֪ѧԺУ˭ܰλ˵ķĸ²ˡľһЦҲǷһĨȡ
ʡʡɣһĺᣬɶ˹Ҫ²ķģֱȳѡԯҡͷľġ
ľɫһͣûû˵Ҫȥ׷˵⣬Ƴһ۳ϫͻȻЦҵǾãϫǺпܵġ
ԯһ˼һ˵⻹пܣУҲֻгϫͷɵα߳һͷǷɿһλޣѰ£ôֻʣ³ϫˡ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣһҪϫȥ׷ģ
ϫˣæס
Դ޶УҲ̸ϺøУοҲû˼ȥעŮ֮¡
߰ɡ
ϫҡҡͷתߣЩɣ֮ĶԻѱԶһΪ˱𲻱Ҫᣬ뿪Ϊá
һֱˣ̲סգգ峺۾˿ϫֿ˿˼ĶûȤ
ϫûô𣿡
ȻһЦðɣʲôʱʱ򣬸кһҰεͷ˵ëԡ
ϫ
һ˾ҪɽʱϫͻȻһö
ϫԺսʤңұһ׷ҵĻᣬԺͲҪڱˣ
ȻҲΪ޽ǰʮ֮УһμԺ˵ĻͻԵúã
һϣϾԺ˵ʱһλ֣Եúĵġ
ǲϣһͷѤлߵ˻Ʋ񷣬ٿȻԶɳ۶ȥһ·̾
ϫȻפ㣬ԶԶһҪʧߵһѤõ磬ǽסһĨŹֵζղŵĶԻȻͷ˵Ķа
ڣҿ϶μԺˣɲΪ׷㣬ʱǧͺˡ
ϫһһ忡ϷһĨ޵֮ɫ
ڣ˭˵ܴڽ֮
ĿԴɣ


1177 ԯ
뿪ɽ֮ԯʡľ塢ʺ͹뿪
Ժֻʣʱ䣬ԯʺľҲǶԴ־ڱصãԵ֮ץʱ֮ȡ޽ǰʮ֮С
ʺ͹Ϊֵ׬ȡ⣬ܵһü޵ĽȸУҲĴй䣬ֱظԵĶ츣ȥо׬ȡֵ
ֻаûô뿪ΪһЩҪϫ˵
ϫĳϣԺǰϱ𣬵ƾһ˾Ѱ쵽ڣһҪעԼ£һ־ͬϵͬΪá
ɫúһһ˵ŸսѧԺ״ĳӪǧҪӦĻֻܳΪ˸ӹӵԼ
ϫȻѧԺекܶ𣿡
ͷܶ࣬ǳ࣬Щѧ֮佨ģܹѧԺģĸɽһһĽѧԺвۣɷĻԳƵǧ겻
ѧԺȫԱɽż֮أԺǧӵܣԺǧӵܣĿ󣬿ɱˣɶһӵܣǴ౳Ÿּ塢ӵżǱͱ
һκ޷ӵǱԺܾɽĸֺ򣡡
ԣϫɫҲһ
հ˵Ϲҡ硢ȶӵܣڽѧԺʱ͵һεΣǾǾܵ£ѧԺеӵΪã
ΨˣǴѧԺ߳ʼɽչ¶ʱѸһ֣
Щֿɲֹô򵥣ΪǱͬվŸһЩļ̳ˣܰǺǱȫһ𣬿ǵкεӴ
˵⣬صؾһӣԯңںܾǰѧԺо齨һԯᣬһλ᳤Ҵԯ棬һλ᳤ԯ£ѧԺϰٵӵΪá
ϰӵɽ޴ӵܣйҵĴˣҲ츳ʵ޾׵ս̤ѧԺһ죬ϰٵѧԺӵܣԼǱΪֵһ
һһҲ͵ԯҵˣϾǵԣҪǣԯҵӵܡ
˵⣬Цſϫڣܸ˰ɣΪ˸ӹʱ͵ڽĳһӪ̸ɼϱʱɲ˭ġ
һУϫȷһֻȻʵС
ԯѧĴڣıԶǣϿֻ£ѧԺһҫ۵ʵϣڼӵҲЩӵܱҲ£˹
ѧԺеĴϫͻȻʶһ⡣
˵꣬ЦϵǲŲܣѧԺν̵ĲٶĳУǻôܣͲΪԼƼһЩѧء
ϫ˼ãտЦһУʲôȥ£ˣ
ż򵥣ʵΪ鷳ԯ֮£ӵܣؼǱԯϹҳ
ڣųϫһƣܻòӵܵأҪǣǱѧԺеһϹŶ˭˵һУ
˶٣֮ͱôˣֻҪｨԼˡ
Ѱһ仰ϫУȴöݲѣŰһʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϫôţһ㶼ûв˼գգ۾ЦǲǺܸж
ϫͷȻġشĺԥ
Ц۾ȻҲӦһ¡
ϫ˵һʮһټҶӦ
Цݣ˫֣΢Сųϫһһٵҵºܼ򵥣Ǿǡ
˵⣬ͻȻ˳Ĭ
ϫã̲סʵʲô
ȴͻȻһЦգգ۾Ժٸ㣬ˣʦ͵͵ߣҲɡ
˵գЦתƮȻȥأƮƵЦ
ϫȻʼ磬Ⱒ㣬˹龫֡

ɽʼС
ϫʱͿСԾ»ûдŶԷֱϥأ˳˼
ڵѧԺУ䲻ݵϵȴòǰʩչҵж
簽ҽ׺ԼйصӵܣҲ÷һЩ
ЩС£ҪĻУȡڽ޽ɣ޽ǰʮΡ
֮⣬Ҫץ׬ȡֵǺͼƬͻ籾ԴƬ˶һˡ
ڳｨԼǿʱһţԺⲻҪӵʱټ¾ˡ
ĬĬ˼ãϫŰ˼˳
ˡ
ûٵʱ䣬ϫֱӽ뵽ǳ硣
ڶһֱھ޴ʵѽɺڣֻһ˿Բ硣
֮˿죬һΪǳʱ䷨ĲͬҪȴġڤŶϡ
һ̫һλħ֮ޱȣֱ񣬳ϫĵڶҲδͻһĵز
ɹŹ־͹ŹڤŶĹУȴǶΪ֮Ҳһ֮ϲˡ
ѣֹֻˡϫǰǸȻ˵
ڶ۾𣬱ȭ岻ݴǡ
һЦ
ʵ˵ֻǳϫһ˶ѣֻһ˰ɫˣҲû١
ԼԼһСЦ֮󣬳ϫ£˵ڶϥǳ磬ʼ޴
ǻʼӯŻĻĳϫòҲϰ˵ڳ޽ɾʱǻŻᷢӳá
ϫֻڣȻòϻټв֮Ҳû⡣
ǳΪʱ䷨Ĳͬسߵľ磬ǳϫѡǳչصĸԭ
ʱһϮӻƵ۵ĵڶ߳ǳ磬һ󣬾ϥأʼе
ǳϫĴ㣬ñŬ磬׬ȡֵ򽻸ڶһʡʱ䡣
ֲ񣬲Уķʱ̫á
ҲУʱɲ
񡭡
Ƶҩ񡭡
ϫʶ̽£ԺжʱֳһĻĻϷűŲͬ
ϧ񶼲ʺ϶ܻõֵĿҲ̫٣ϫôüͷ


1178 ӬӪ
еĹĻкܶ࣬ϰ֮
ÿһĻϣֳĳһķĻҲΪʱʱ̶̿µ񱻷
вֹѧģҲнϰģйأޡֲҩȵȵȵȣĿ
ϫüǣв񣬶񾳽ܹɵģе񣬼һɫҪ޽ɼǿ߳
ȻϫҲûȡ񣬲һܹ֪ѧԺʺԶҪ̫ˡ
ţ
ûãһϤӳϫԺС񡱣
ϫ۾һüëչޡֲҩһУɶԼϤķȴżš
ûгɣϫʶ̽롰񡱵ĹĻУʼϸϸ
޸񣬲ͼһҪ󣬷ʦȡɣɶһֵһǧŲۡ
ҪˮԴͽƣƷԽԽãҪ󣬷ʦȡ񱨳꣬һǧǧֵ
оҪƽһ̫ͼҪʦȡ񱨳꣬ǧֵ
ȡһڤ޴֮ǣҪʦķȡ񱨳꣬һǧֵ

ϫһһģſԽ࣬ҲǲƵطһĨЦ⣬Ȼϱߴɵġ
һϫʶ̽һУϸϸ֮󣬱㽫ȡ
ˡ
ԺйĻһǽľҪǰ
޸δ֪ȱͼҪ󣬷ʦȡҪ񱨳꣬һǧֵ
Ȼһ޸ͼ񣬷ǰĻǽǲƵͼֳֻҪϫ޸취ɹ
Ҳζţϫ㲻Խ񣬶ȡӦֵ
һϫ㽫עǲȱͼϣԺзɿǲյʱ䣬ǸֳһĽ
ȻⲢζǲȱͼܼ򵥣ڳϫķΪ̫̬˴ʦļ
ʦУҪķ֮ãɶԳϫԣͲʲô⡣
ৣ
ϫûгɣʶʼĻϸԼĴ𰸣ּһ飬ȷû֮ջԼʶ
ôҲǱʧܵϾѧԺأȡ֮޷ɣ۵һֵΪ۵ġ
ǰ޸ͼ񣬱һǧֵʧܣͻᱻ۳ֵΪۡ
ڳϫʶջصͬʱһɵڹĻʧʱ򣬾ҪȴȷϣͿԻ񱨳ˡ
Ȼڷǲȷϣ߾ܾ֧꣬ǾͻܵѧԺسͷǵȺ˭Ҳе
ԣֻҪɣصķ߻ˡ
һ֮󣬳ϫͣ㣬һ̶ʱ䣬ҴһԼɣҲѡˣֱӾʹӵһʼȡ
ȻһЩҪԶִ񣬳ϫһŲӣ֮ȡȫ㲻ɵġ
ôǳϫֻ̫ʡʱ䣬׬ȡֵˡ
ˡ
ûãϫһƽһŹŷṹ񱨳ͬһǧֵ
һʱ䣬ҲŻѲһʱ䣬óϫһ񣬴׬ȡֵİ취УֱǮҲûʲô
ǽʱ䣬ϫȫͶȡ񡢽ĴҵС
ֱеľҪֵ꣬һȡһ֪ƣľżƵġ
ϫϥأɫƽȻһ˿ļ󣬸һεҲûʲô
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
һһĲڳϫԺڳϫǾһһѵֵԼ
Ĵ̼£ҲǸɾʮ㣬Ȼ죬ٲȻһҪɨЦֵš

ڳϫضʱԺУʱҲǻ˲ˡ
һûʴĵԺԺԻָ˽õӣҲԺӵܵĴӪˡ
ʱĿӥǵһϯ֮ϡ
ֱС׺ӵܣȴһûڴС
ȻǴʱҪ֮£й¶ȥ
ףǻССӵӰԯʡľ壬ǺСӳͷļһжʱûпǵı
һ˳ţڵ
ֻһ⣬ǾǳϫսʱһٽشԯϫͷҲᡣ
׺ڣü˰أȴһɽΡ룬޷ĸо
ߣô˵ˣ͵һɭɨ˽׺
׺̬ɣԹԵҿûô˵ɷϣΪʧŻǵȲصľ档
ž
һڰϣ빺Ȼѣľмɡ
ǳĿ䶢Ž׺СڣӲһƣҪҲԣֻܰ쵽Ǹ
֮ǣϫսϵǿ㽪׺ֻ˵ҲӲƴһԣ
׺ɫһͣһ첻ԣȻܴӦԷҪôĻһ浲£Լڵĳϫ磿
ˣλϵѣӦ໥ӦŶԣĪҪִˡ
ڣԺϯӣǴ޽ڶĴڣĻҲľ߷
мˣ㼴УֻǴӦϺɲʲôʱ򶼵ϵķԸ
΢΢һЦȻġ
˵⣬ĿһɨˣΪһϫһҲһԵ֣λģֻҪܽǳϫˣϾٲͽϵĺô
ԣС׺ɫԶ仺ࡣ
϶ԣ˵ǶǶӵܣ˭Ҳ˭ڵѧԺеӰȴͽȵġ
һ㣬Ҳǲòϡ
һʧʲôԺ·֮ܳǰѵõԺ⣬Ժ֮ǰԳϫȡʲôж
Ȼ˵ȻѧԺɵĻҵҲؿʲô
ԺȻָ衣
ԣ΢΢һ̲ס֣ôŹСˣ
ü˵ʵԼλõܵıּʧǰҲò˶Էӡ
ǷŹԺ֮ǰʱһʱ䣬Ͼ񣬴ӵ֪ܶڶԸСӣСһܵĿʱȥԷԼΪǡ
ǿŲͽһ˵λģСܷ뵽ԺУʱҶ͸һľϲ
˵ϲʱǱ絶ƵĴǹһĨĻȣԵɭޱȡ


1179 ϫ˭
ϫʱ䣬ΧһС
񶼳Ժгֵϣ˵ǳڽһϣȻң˼
ڳϫԣͬԼһ֣֮ӰԼһУҲΪܹȡýɾ͡
ԼķΪﵽ˺ֵزȴԴӴйطͷһѣûһסġ
ɽ磬ν·켶޼ʥҲǷֱӦеؾ硣
켶󣬲ԶɾǿߵģҲˡ
ϫѧԺڶֿʹõġСħɱ󡱺͡ħɱ󡱣ͷֱʹ޼ĲΡ
ȻڳϫΪ粻õġħɱ󡱲δȫֻܳƵα޼
һжʵսۼԷϵգ˵޼󣬾ʥͼϫҲа취һһ⣬Ȼ͸ˡ
ʵս۵Ĳͬ
谭ϫΨһʯΪˡ
֮ϫԷգѴﵽ˿ǰĸ߶ȣԳƵǷʦй֮Ϊȴû취ó޼Ĵ
ɼˣƾķΪҲӦǸָķˣϾǿɲʵսֻһЩѡ
ţ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫҪȡһʱ͵סˣΪ֣Լǰһ񣬱꾹Ǵﵽ˰ʮֵ
޸񣬱ȱڷƣҪ޸ȡʦʮˣ񱨳꣬ʮֵ
ϫ񣬶ʱףǰʮֵɲΪһ׼ģаʮλʦƽˣһҲܵõֵһʾ˵ĲƸ
ڳϫ֮ǰȡУһǧֵҵСҲǧֵÿһġ
µãһӾͱĳһߴʮֵóϫҲΪĶźǣҪԶȥɡ
֮⿼Ѳ֪ʶʵˡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬳ϫվҡҡͷˣʼȡЩԶֵ

ףҸոշһ񣬻һյʱˣ
ѧԺԺһɽУһȻۣȡ˳ڴϢ֮ɫǷһĨɫ
λҵѶû취ɵ£Ȼ˶̵ʱˣĪһλʦԶ֣
ǣܹΪʦģĸԺеϯĻῴһǧֵ¶ͦŹֵġ
ૣԭΪԼܹһɣѾллˣڣȻշãͱˣ
ȷţԼ䲼ǵˣɵķǳƯֱԳƵ
һУо漣һ
ͬʱǵѧԺԺĸУʱƣҲǲһ֮
Թԣ˶ҸŲͼ޸֮
û뵽ôͽˣƽĽͼףһٽһʱ˭סң
ԭˣڤ޵Ĺƾȡģ֮ǰڤ£伮ôû뵽ּȼ־ɵİ취أ
ľ̾ϲڷڵѧԺĲͬУԲδ˵Ŀ
ɽϣ˿ȴһȻһϵĵ
ϵרŰ䲼ĵط
˿̣ǵͷܶһĿⶼˢˢǴһӨӨĹĻϡ
ȻʾŸָķ
ʹпĲͬĻϳֵ񣬲עŷڡšɡδɡʧܡȵԵ֮
ˣԶΪȡѧнϰǶԷо֮ʦһĴڡ
Ǵ˿̣ǽԶֹͣ˽̸飬ĿⶼһĻϣɫԶһ˿ȡ
ΪǺȻÿƬ̣ͻһɣһ֮һͻᱻȡߡûеκεʱ䡣
ⲢʲôΪҪǣһȡȻɵ񣬾ǳͬһ֮֡ϫ
죡ĸʱˣûͣȡʮҲ˵ÿСʱƽԸ㶨ʮ񣡡
̲ס𺳡
Ҳˣʮ񰡣Ʋ࣬ɶκһʦԣûиʮ£û취һ
ϫãֻһˣĸʱʮֱڳÿ˵
ЩĽϰ˿ҲݲѣŻ鷢ֱһ漣һ㡣
ϫ˭ĪԺĳһλѴﵽʦεϯϰ𣿡
˰ãûסʳ
ǰϫǺηʥ
֮ǰôû˵ѧԺһλʦѵѧԺƸµĽϰ
˶֪ϫ˭ڳÿһȻ;̾о췢飬ʵЩ̫ˡ
Һ˵һѧԺһƺͽгϫ
һĳУһӵڣСȴڳ˶Уһ̣еĿⶼˢˢӵϡ
ӵԱһæҲȷϣϫǲǸϫϾһĳϫΪֻڣ˵ӦòһλʦŶԡ
ͣڳ˽ԶͷҲԣܹΪһֻ֤Ǹϫսˣ츳ɲһλʦˡ
Ͼڳ˿ɶܹΪʦĴڣΪϡ٣ܹΪʦģ֮٣ѧԺеķʦĿָͷĹ
£˭һڵ˻һλʦ
ߣҵǸоϫڻȡ裬ѵûȡɵ񣬿ɻûл÷ߵȷϣ
һ߿ڣ³ͥһԺϰóһλѾõķʦš
³ͥڣҲӦǰϫô񣬿ֱڣɻûһõߵȷϣô£
ѵȡ񣬶ʧܸˣ
һ뵽⣬ڳ˵鶼ù˵ĻĸʱȡɰǧҲϡˡ
Ƿ߻ûӦɡ
üЩǸϫ¿ЦϾȡʧܵĻ۳ֵ̫һܵѧԺ׷ǵòʧ
³ͥɣҲ΢΢һ
׼˵ЩʲôʱһƳǹĻϣ͵һ΢ߵĻҲǱӲʻ˶


1180 
³ֹͥݽӲģЩǱ
ҺãʱûٹעΪһ̣ǴĹĻϣͻȻֳһнӲӵּ
޸ȱͼ񣬱һǧֵȷϣɶȣѧԺ׷ӽһֵ񷢲׷ӽһֵ
ˡ
һּһ֣ͻһĨʧͬʱһҲʧ˹ĻϣȻζѾԲɣ
˵һּһţɴ˷һȷϵǱǳϫȡ
񲻽ˣﵽ
ѧԺ񷢲ͬʱ׷ӽһֵ
˾㵣Ŀɿڴ㲻Լ۾
ÿһȡɵ񣬰ɶȵĲͬҲклģ·ͨ׿Խȼ
ܹﵽɶȵģѾȡӦֵꡣ
ﵽ׿ԽģҲζ񷢲߶ʮ⣬Ƕ׷һֵ
ﵽΪһɶȴﵽ׿Խ𣬶ʱʮʱڡ
Ҳ˵ﵽҪģͿԵõѧԺϿɣ׷һֵ
Ȼ׷ӵֵѧԺģ
ˡˡˡ
ȴ˷ӦǹĻ֮ϣٴγֳһнӲӵּ
ȡ񣬱һǧֵȷϣɶȣѧԺ׷ӽһֵ񷢲׷ӽһֵ
ƽδ֪ͼ񣬱ǧֵȷϡ

ĻϣӲӵּƵƵ˸ʧһ͸ֳһɶﵽ
Ҫǣÿһȷϵ񣬺Ȼ֮ǰǸϫȡɵģ
һСûдﵽģȴһɫ׿Խ𣬸Ҳһͨģ
һС֮׿ԽԭҲڳϫΪһЩǰģڳϫȡʱѳʮСʱ
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ţϫȴ±۾ʼΪƣԵʣҲΪ˷ʱõĵطûʲô˼ȥ̽ô񣬾׬ȡ˶ֵ

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ѧԺеϹŶһĻʱҲ̲סһǡ
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һҡͷЦʵ»ӦʾһԺ˼ҳ֣ԲѴ֮ͿԽ޸
ô˵ԺײβȥοҶԺ֪£ǰԯƾƤɡ
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ߣҿ֪ͨԯƾԼȥԺԼµĴӦԼе
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Ϊ˱ֱվԯϺϣϹҵĹϵҲΪţежԵ
ҺڵѧԺϹŶ򣬷򵤲ԺҲֻݲˡ
ˣΪδãĪ麣ڡ
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ΣǳϫᣬһȻԷŶ裬ȥǿ԰⣬۸Ĵۣԯͨһüͷ
ԯͨȻ˵žҪ߳
˼ˣԶҡͷ̾ĻῴԯͨͶҽһЩ̫ˡ

ֹסԯͨȻһѾȥСһȻѾܻܽ޶ԣ񱨳аʮֵκһֻ¶סջ󡣡
ԯͨһɫʱð٣Ȼǡô죿ѵһֱôȥ𣿡
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һУɺڵף
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1183 ֽ
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1184 
ڳϫĳ֣ȳֽ߽Զüͷһ塣
޸͵ԯƾֱӹϵˣ²ֵܹġĮȻڡ
ϫȴ΢΢һЦƽ˵˺ֻûйϵ֪ǰǲţ
˵ţֱǾ֮ǰϸǹϲɣĶȻ΢ᣬ˵ٶλҲңȴһ취ܹ֤Ҹղ˵Ļ
˻һһ
ԯƾҲȻ㲻ϫ«﾿ʲôҩ
ʲô
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ܼ򵥣ֱһʱǰһⶼӭж⡣ϫڴ
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ܿͷӦϫ˵Ǿ
ҲˣʱҲӲֹ̬δеõ𰸣ֱſڴƻƣ
ʤȻ񶨳ϫİ취һЦͲм
ϫĿɨʤƽû鲻ڣ˵ƾͣҲûʸġ
仰˵ĺ
ʤɫһǳСⱣĿ𳤣ͳһ㣬ھͿĨɱ㣡
ϫȴǻ벻⣬Է
ʤˣŭЩʲôȴǱԵĪ麣סˣһƽϣЩˡ
ʤߣĿɨ˳ϫһۣͲٶԡ
Աʱ˶һ飬ҲֹֻȼΣʱ䣬伣˵üӰڣֻ¸ǲܵġ
ü
ϹŶҲǵͷѣڵ̫ƾãеǺ̫ŵͬһʱڵĴڣټֱǶɣ뿪ѧԺȥԼĴȥˡ
ˣϫȴƽ޿ܣ޸þ֪
˵ֻصĻ⣬Ҳ޸
ԣһϹŶüͷһ壬ȻЩȷųϫţΪλĵܹ޸ˡ
ѵһڵˣЩϹŶ첻飿
ԯƾһֱ۹۲ϫ²̸ڿ̸һڵȻˣһҲá
ϫ˵ͷֽĿϯֽǰǵ£ӦòһʱŶԣԵƬ̣޸֮ʱ˵Ҫǰ֮
һӲϸһ˿֮ɫ˳ϫһ۵İ취أ
ϫԥҳϫƾǰá
˻һ˾㵣û뵽ϫΪ˰ԯƾ˻óȥ
ʤЦȵľǳϫ仰һϫֻҪ޸ñֹǳϫԯƾҪ꣡
νһ˫һ˫ˡ
һԣԯƾȻݣСӲ֪ߵغ˵ʲôȥ޸鲻Ҫٶʣ
ԴȴǴһɺεĹػά֮⡣
ϫ΢΢һЦаԼͺͰϵܻԯһЩǰϿɣҲ֮ϲˡ
ţϫ˾֮ǰ
Уʮλֽ߲δҲδ뿪ȻĬ˳ϫж˵Ҳ뿴һ˾ܷ쵽һС
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ʵϣ

߾ɣʵʵĹϲɣϢ
ϫǰɫһƽ棬ׯ࣬ԺУڿٵһضµͼ
Щͼɡ޼񹂡ݶĪ⣬̣ԳϫԷ⣬ҲֻԼԼһַͼӦǺйأ
ˣ
һУ޷
еͼǺйأҲֳϫ޷͸ֻƾ衰޼񹂡ܽݶ
λǰ޸ʱλ֣һһ޸֮֮λж˳ʱԽ䳹޸
ϫĬĬ˼ãĿָƽڡ
Ȼġ
쵱ͷϾǵԺԺ֮ҵԲԹۡ
ϹŶҲ׷׵ͷǰͲϾһҲǿԾ˽һ£ϫõ޸ķ
˻Ȼûв֪䣬ǶԳϫ˼Ρ
һ̣˵ɫԶ֣ءׯھ֮ǰԴֻгϫһ£Ǿͻԥ֡
СһȤסƵɲѰ콾ܰ쵽ġ
Զϯֽ˼
һϹŶԹԼһξǲģϫҲȻһĪĳɾ͸С
ѧԺЩϹŶԼ£ôϿҲѴ֮ɣ
ϫԸпһĿⲻƳ˻Զǰһ޸λ
ϹŶüͷһ壬ǿɲϲЩֽߣǸ㲻ϫ˾ٺ⣬ҲûгԣѡԹۡ
ȳֽҲüͷһ壬û뵽ϫԼˣհĿⶼ
ûж˼ֵΪѧԺһӣܹл뵽޸жУԵ岻ݴǡ
˻һǵõЩԺϹŶһ˿øУȻҲֻһ˿øУٶˡ
ˣ֮ΨʤһϥԶƤʹаЦߣôһС֣ʧˣǲЦ
ҲǰϫҲû

λǰǾ𲿷ֵͼ̫ӣѽһһֽ⴫ݸǣָֻʹֱԡ
ϫɫƽɿ촫ͬʱǽһصͼÿϹŶ
ǡ
һϹŶϸϸ̽ʶжһͼֻһ˲ͽṹμסֻȴǲкΰˡ
Ͼǲķͼʲô泤ġ
ϫȴǲЩǰƼ͵³һϼһڶϣ˵һ
һɲǼ䣬ǶӿֳһƬƬޱȵķͼǿհ嫣˾η
Ƕһ࣬ȴһƬڶĲȱ֮ƻ˶ͼԡ
һϹŶǾǾ֮޸һȱͻī֭һӶʴ֡
֣
ϫ
£һϹŶճϫɿӡֲͬͼڻУ糱ˮӿ˾Ķڡ
ˣ
һɲɣϡޱȵϢԹӳֳ꣬յͨ
һ̣ʤҲ૵Сһɹģһᡭ


1185 ֮
ԣմεɢ͸ϡϢ
˻һָоǰһ̫ʱıƺҪӳ˯һ㡣
һɲǣǶԳϫ޸֮ٴ˼Ρ
ԭǻԳϫŽɣһݻɵ̬ȣڣеĻɵȻ١
Ҫ֪֮ǰͼûϳ˵ǰˣҲܿϫ޸֮ʱǿеģ
һĻҲЩϹŶҵ¸㲻ϫǵͼʲôжϣǿûһ˸ˡ
һУϫ֪Ȼٶ֣ȴǽ񶼼ھϣһ߻ҪָЩϹŶжҲû˼˼
ƲⲻƷѳ̫ΣټӡЩйصͼҪ䳹޸ҲǼΪѵġ
룬ϫԼһ˸Ͳܰ쵽
ҺãϫԼ֣ڳһϹŶһ붼ǰ벽ĴڣҪôǷʦҪôǵʦȥ޸ɹļɵõ˼֤
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ʱƣ𶯵ԽԽ󣬳޶ƾ̫֮ǰźϵη
Ƿ϶Ϊ콵ּǹߵײɡ
˺˴ɢԺһɽһɺӣաĴϣԶصһɹϵĶ
ضԡһƬʥķΧС
ԺϿεĽϰѧ˿ҲԶͣжɫ𺳣ܵһϴ񣬳԰Ρ
һĻͰ˵ģǱ
ͬʱѧԺһ֪ؿռУһᵭʵ󣬿ƽͣʵߵ
ǣʦ𡣡

ôܣ
ʤ۾󣬷ֵǲƵһĨȻǶסݺݳ鴤
޸жûԭ˾㵵ģǵǾ£һһĶʱȴǸ޷ƽ
ΪһУƺڳųɹķչȻûһ˿ʧܵף
ǿ˵Ժнϰ⣬һڵСôܰ쵽ѵĻиָ㲻ɣ
ʤɫ粻ϫӰĿУε¶һĨʹޡݶԹ֮ɫ
УһĻ
ʤҧһΪѵľɫЩ
һ̣ǳһֵϾǼһĨ΢Ц̧ϫǱȥ߱ߵλ֣Ҳһ֮
˵ţҪǰȥ
ͻȻһֻƾճ֣ļϣƽһʤһɫ䣬ƾʹ޷һ֣
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ǸûвԷʲôʱڴУʲôʱԼߵģ
ҷʦ
յһ䣬ͲٶԣĿͶԶľ
ʤ򳹵סʦ˵Ժ˼ѹעһˣ
ôվǷʲôǳʹԯƾĿģ
ʤ˼һӱ÷ңԼԼܹоֻԼ²һжǣǻյĳ֣Ӧúͳϫйأ
һ뵽⣬Īһ꣬Ҳ˽֮ǻյĳֹ֣һϹŶǿϫΪ״ӵľ档
񣬻粻ƫƫڳϫ޸ʱһγ֣δҲ̫ˡ
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ʤԽԽɻԴʹ
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ڴʱһ춯صĲȻ쳹ȪʤжݺһѪڣ͵شӺ˼
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ȻĿԡ
û뵽û뵽ҵƷʦȴһӵܶ磬ȻǺη
һ̾˷쳹ʤУ̧һͿһϹŶΧžĦɫھ֮̾ɫһ㡣
һڳֽߣɫҲһĨο
ȻȻĳɹˣ
ʤֻоԴһѣЩ޷ǰһĻ
ԭ˴ԯƾΪ˲ϧѴ˳ֽ߲У뵽ȻᷢһĻ

ԯƾЦʹ֮ÿ˵һȰĴһ³ϫ۵úҲһ졣
һ벽ƣûöҲϫһˡ
ԯͨԼԯЩʦϫĿҲһĨԵͺ͸п
֪ӵͣҾƴΥԺּ⣬ҲҪΪ״ӣϧʵǿϧ
ԺԺ쿴ųϫ̾Ϣһ׷Īģ
ԺϹŶҲΪȻϫᣬӵľӵܣԺУǾǵԺ֮¡
һͣϫֻǺЦȴǳһظ˵ʵǰ֮ǰҲŲѹġ
Һãһжѹȥ
ɹ޸˾ǻ˵ԺһϹŶԼԯҵ꣬Ϊصġ
ԺԼѧԺʲô鷳ЩϹŶǿ϶Ӳ²ԼҲԸԼˡ
ˣ㹻ˡ
ϫĲ
ϯֽҲǿڣӲϾݻͲ٣Ȼϫղŵıǻٵʶ
һ̣ͻһתȻйֻ⣬ǻûܹ
˻һֵնʱóŲ٣һϹŶüԯƾ˸ǺԼͲá
ϫϵʣžЦŴ˵ǰԵƬ̣Լ֪
ƽ͸һޱȵš
˵ԵƬ̣ʵڳϫ£ǾУͷųһݵϢ֡
ͬʱڳ뵽޸жеĴԶͬһʱܵһ󡢴Ϣӿȫ
ָоһƴµϴԼĵ㣬ɢһԵĴϡ
ǡ
˰һ
ˣ
ԯƾ⿪ؼ䣬һ⣬³ĸ֣羪ףڳһϹŶʧ
ϫˣȴǷһĨȣž૵ȻЩͼйء


1186 յ
ˣ
һе翣ʵӰת
飬ôˣ
˵ĺô˵޴ڣӵд֮Ҳ޵;е̳ΪϲԵĳ
԰벽εĴԣҪ棬ľһˣ
νˣ˵
ϫ˵֪ͬżΪ̵ᣬΪںܾ֮ǰͻ̰׿ڰ׿ߵЩ꣬·ŻԵ׻ľνǴ֮
˿̣ɢһɴˣͬһġڳһڲ뵽޸жеϹŶǵõһĪô
Ƕԯƾ졢һȰ벽ڣܵһݴʱǵļᶨģҲס֡
˰
ǹϵܷһܲ
һϹŶҲԣ˭Ҳû뵽ʱ˿̣ֳһݴˣʹ͸ǣֱȻһ̫ɱҪ󣬾ǿ컯
ˡôΪʲôûУ
ͬʤҲܵһɴ˵ñǣʼ޷һ˿Ĵˣ
ֻ֮ţţȴ޷Ǵ˾ΪС
һУʤɫ粻ޱȡ
ׯ࣬һֽʥİϢ
л
һƬУϯֽŤͷϫлֶѣ˶̺һ˿м
˾Щԡ
ϫȴ΢΢һЦⱾǰӦõġ
лᣬӭֽ͡
ĬƬ̣˳ϫһۣתһֳֽ߻ֵ߰ɣ֮£ԯƾ޹ء
һ̣Ǵһֳֽ뿪
ߵĺͻأϡ
վˣЩ˫ȾѪȵĿ뿪Ҳǳһһɡ
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ʹ͸һݴˣĻٽҧҲţ
ԯƾȴǿһУοǳϫҲܻõˣһĪ컯
£ǲ׷ңҪмϫҲ뵽޸ежˣǿǱȾָһ˿ˡ
ԯͨȻĿŹֵƳһ۳ϫѵ֮ǰ޸ʱСһ׼һУ
ϹŶҲܿµһ㣬һʱ֮䣬ϫĿⶼǱˣ͸һ˿Եľ̾
˭뵽һսѧԺˣȻƾһ֮ԯƾ֣˾⣿
ǵˣЩϹŶ뵽޸жУĿܻþʹ͵Ĵˣ
⿴Ǿûгϫǿ϶ò
һϫνһջ˲ϹŶʶ꣬ƾһ㣬ԺѧԺ˭ԸϫȿǿЩϹŶ̬ȲС
ϯֽҲǶԳϫмӣһ뵽⣬ϹŶǶԳϫҲһ˿Ľˡ
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һ£׷ѩĻգһѩʯϣ˱ֱͬһͷųһɹ°䡢صǡ
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ڶͨڣ˶ƽƽ棬ɵĿȥǽһѪȼաںХȣҪ͸ضȾ죡
˪Ѫ
ϫĿɨʱһһͨͨЩ׾ӵ߳һɲǣȴ񿴼һƬǿգ貣ɢһ񶼲Ʋڵĺ
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֮ǳ
ϫһüͷһšĿ⿴ԶĻգɫЩɲ
ֱڣû׻յ˼ѡһȻԼĽ£ΪΣ
ڳϫϣɽֱһʥ֮ԾŻɽ֮µĵ֮ԼԼƵĽ
ʥ֮ǽɽ죬֮ǾŻɵǣһйػ
Ҳܽġ
ǷϵɽĴУǰϫıҲܽ
»޲亱Ľй屦ҲǸͲȤ
ΪʲôҪ
ϫڣܸоԼôտ϶ЭģΪؼǣͲվԼһ
Ժּ⡣
յĻشܼ򵥣˵뵽ϫʡ
Ժ
ϫһĵλԺǲƣԼսѧԺͲϰԼΪ״ӣҪԼһ⾿Ǻ⣿
㲻֪ξ񣬲㡣
ջȻתֱųϫ
ҲӦأ
ϫü
ղȴͻȻָ֣̽Ϊ赭дһ̡
ৣ
Ĳ˺Ѷһνһ޿ƥеķ֮ˣƿն
һָ֮ƽɣ̺ߵĶ֮һַҲؽᱻͱһĿɲơ
ͨ
֮ƣ
ϫ΢Уһָ֮δ̺κη֮Ǵ֮ĽһƣȴǴﵽ˽еʦ֮
ͣ
ҲѲסϫһָ̣ͬΪһ̶ָһͬﵽ֮Ŀɲ籡
飡
ڿײϸĽȻɢ˷ѩ飬񷣡
֮
ɫƽƲ⣬˵ʱ޳ٴһָ


1187 ֮·
ͣ
Х˺ҧĤ޺𣬽˺ѣǰ罣̫ɲһȳ򷨽Ƶơ
һ֮ڽʦյֶΣ
ϫϤֽΪĿǰյĽȵز̺Ǻεֲ֮
ûгɡ
û˼⡣
ϫָָͬ⽣籡Ϊ֮Χ촷۶ɢһȦ
ͻ֮䣬ɾ룬ԹڴˣһܹյĽɱһĨѩϯ
ϫĽһܼ·ɣɾȴ͸һļµĶ֮
߽һ֮
յĽͬĵ·ֻ֣֮иߵ֮
飡
ཻɢ˻ġ
ʦ֮ѩ˪Ѫʺ㡣
ռˣĬƬ̣΢΢Щ⣬Ƹеһ˿οɫ»ָһֹž͵ģ
ϫףԭ֮ǰԷ̽Լʺһ
üͷһ壬Ϊִ
յٵһҸһ͡
ˣ
յɫ棬ü䷺һĨȻ֮һɽͻȻԼϷâ
һɲǣָ⵱һأͻȻһƬڰֻһ貴ĿĹ⣬ٿȻ
һǳںڰе
һ̱ðΨֻʣһ⣬ǣ
Ǻεһֽ
֮컯仯һ֮Уһ֣졢ءﶼƺΪһһ֣ȻһκѰ
ͬںΪУҪƿһͱ졢ȫٵ
һ̣ʱ䶼ƱûϫȻܵһĪɵı˽ֱԼ飬ҪиԼͷԼǻۡ䡢ͬһжͳͳն
ΨңΪ
죬أģΨ
ǽ֮
һĨҰб̻ĿɲΣϢϫͻȻ۾
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ִĪΪ֮
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һƲʲôбһâҲؼһб仯عƽ֮С
֮ǰʩչһ㽣Ҳƾһ㣬Ρ
Զĳϫȴһ˿ӵ𣬡ʱҲܶһҲδ⡭
գҡҡͷҲκδʻݳϫ
ϫ˿ӿֳһԵЩľۻӳ֡ۡ
Ǽ֮ɱһ
Ļ֪΢뾳˺һԶǶԽһִͰֱͨѳƵǽʦ
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һУǼռΪڴ֮ϣŽ񡢽ʥĴڣ
֮һ֮󣬱ǡΨΪĽִ֮Ⱦ֮ĪΪ֮
񻪽գһ񼶴ڡ
ҲΪָĵϫһ̺һ˿񾳡Уڽϲһֶ
ʱգƾֶ򣬳ϫȫԴϣһԾ֤֮

֮󣬳ϫ̧ͷл飬ȷڵ޷ֵġ
ҡͷЩˣڵסԺҲעסΪǶԽ׷Ҳֹֻڴ֮
㲻ͬڿʼѾ߱˳֮ǱʣöãһҲκβ㡣
ϫ֪˵ǽΪΪܻ֮һλ񼶴ڵϿɣҲΪȻġ
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ѵѧԺб¶ݣ
շʡ
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յͷʱҲκ⡣
ˣϫ׹ԭѧԺԺ֪Լݣջյ˵Ժ߽ҲΪԼݲ˲
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Ϊάɽеܣһ¶ͻʲô鷳
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ϫĬԣֲһ䣬²ԺǴں⣬ԲǺ㡣
ϫüëҿԼԺһ𣿡
պԥԣڣʱˣԺԻ
ϫٴγĬ
֮ջó˻գ˵롭úñ
յ˵ͷ
лˡ
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ϫӰ˶٣ԺòǺӰɣ
ղԡ
ֱϫ뿪ŽĿתƣнϣָĦǹӼԼıüҲǷһĨԵľ֮ɫ
꣬˽Իҽգȴ֪㽣ҷߣҲȼֶѡ
֮һ
ϧվ֮

ԺС
ڳϫͻͻأʧ֮ڳһϹŶԶЩɲ
մҳϫΪ˺£
ûܲµõ
²㲻£ԯƾһ̾ͽעʤϣǷһĨڽȻĻȡ
˹ȥ߱ߵӣ޸㷢ˣ㻹ŸʲôϽȷ񣬽ɸϫ
ڳ˶
ΪƻʧʤԭƱҪѪʱԯƾְìͷָԼʱǵͨ죬Ȼõ˵ǳϫ飬ԯƾʲô
ԯƾɫмݺ޵ˣҪƤȥ۸ϵͳҲǲò
ʤŭģϣ
ԯƾȴǸΪ⣬ֲͷϻٲжӿɲﱩһ٣Լѡɣ
˻ɱ˵ڳ˻Щţɵ仰Ǵԯƾ˵ʱǾû˻ỳɣ
Ϊһλ絶罣Ӱ⺷һԺԺס
һ̣˶¶һĨ֮ɫȰҲȰΪǶ֪ԯƾһȰҲȰסģԽȰԽ
ʤɫٴ䣬鴤ѡ


1188 ر
ʤȷ̫ѻ̫ˣһжʧֱԯƾȣѪߵĳ嶯ˡ

ȷţԯƾӿ϶˵
գǿеĸֲó£ݺȷ
ˡ
һĲʤֻԼİʮֵʧ˳ϫ¡
ʮֵ
ΪԺϯϰ֮һûµʱ䣬Ҳ׬ȡ
Ȼ⻹ʤۣջǣһڼԯƾˣΪѿĵط
ߣ
ŴΧԼϵĿ⣬ʤֱձҲԸڴ˶Ƭ̣Ȼ뿪
ӣҵݴһҪúñһ
ԯƾʤɫһͣͼӿŲҴ뿪飬˺úһ¡

ĶѧԺУҷǰƤɡ
ԯƾջߣмһ
ϹŶн԰̾ѣԯϺ֮ĶԹǿɲС
ৣ
ڴʱһ󲨶ֳϫӰ
ϫԯƾڵһϹŶһϽԶ¶һĨ飬ǰ׷׹ѯ
ϫǻûΪɣ
ºúģΪĵӣǲĺš
˭ȥһضĸ衣
⸡ǧһѿĹ屦һ룬ֵϷʳһŴ޽ɵˡ
һϹŶȳޱȣϫǣȴקڴ˵ҪƷ۵úóһ
ʢȴϫҲֻ¡
ʵΪ˵ģеԺһϹŶԯϵĴܹǵһʶǱ˴Դ¡
ϫǾ޸֮ƺǣ֪֮ɷΪҵȽһа
̸Ժһλϯϰ̲סʳ
ԺϹŶҲ˶䣬ЩڵϽԶǷĴʦԣȻĵǺ;йص⡣
ϫԴ׼˼Ƭ̣źǽһҲаֻǸоôźܹȡóɹҲΪҡ
һϹŶһϳɾĻϫ֮⣬ǽԶ׷ʡ
ϾվǳϫԼܣȻԸ͸¶Ҳþȥ
οΪϫǲ޸һݴˣҲ˶Գϫ
ϫԽˣԽǸо˷ͬѰƾֶ߱ΣҲϫ

ͻȻԯƾһӣ϶һСɽƵ䱦ƿƿ޹޵ĵҩиɫϡɲġҲһɱ
һɲǼ䣬뵵ı֣һϹŶ϶ֳһĨޣȲѡ
ϫΰҴæһִˣЩﶼЩѼ㿴ʲôʲô͵ǰһɡ
ԯƾָһصĹ屦Цſڡ
ϫҲסһ벽ղأÿһļֵ֮󣬶˴ȡ
񣬾ȻԼǰƾԼѡԳϫ֮򶨣Ҳеһѣԯƾǡ̫ˣ
˼ˣҲ۵ɨ˳ϫһۣܱԯƾ˿أһ컯˿ͷò
ǰϫ˵
ȳϫ˵꣬ԯƾüϵôСһﻹҿףô⣬ҿɾΪ㿴ԯƾ
˵ˣϫǸжΣյ
ԯƾɫһüЦʹ죬Щ֮ԯƾصķ壬СһͰѾͷϵְһæҪƢθڣҵҲûʲôԲظҿ
һϹŶһп˭˵ԯƾֱֱķӣһ˵ļˮ׼ͳȥ˱ֻһǱӵܵĺøУν˵֮
ϫʼ
ò˵ԯƾһѵıʵڶ̫ϡ󣬹һû֮µģ̫Ĵڡ
ҩɲһģҲͬˣóϫҲһۻңĿϾӡ
ţ
ͻȻϫĿһһɲϣһɫԼĪƴСƯڰգɢһɱ䡢˵Ϣ
ڤ֮ڤڤһʥݣԺɽޱ⣬һǵǰڤѪʱѪӽһλжãȤȥһķɶɱ
ԯƾЦָ
Ȼڤ֮
ϫһǸУɻһƷȣҲֻѼȸ֮ȣ֮֮
ˡڡڤ
Ϊɱ̫֮ѣҲ̫ѼһֱǳĸУɳһ㣬һֱδù
ԭΪⱲֻ¶òϴ˱ˣ룬ڴ˿żȻһڤ֮ȻЩܡ
ɽ
ǿ̫ʱһıƳɹʱȶٶ죬ɷֽ˻Ϊɻңӵзɽ֮ܣ̫
ݴԶʱڣһֳȣս춷أٻ˲֪ǿˣԿޱȡ
ڤ֮ȷдã
ϫЩԥһѵõĻᣬȻѡԼõıѡڤ֮ʱֻóˡ
Ͼȳ˻ڤ֮⣬зˡڡ֮ûѼ֮У˽ͻ֮⣬ľˮʯӻͬûѼ
ԯƾƿʲôŨüһòҪȰɣ
˻һϹŶҲһǷϵ̫ʱһλͨļ֮Ѿʷ֮С
ϫδע⵽ЩϹŶɫͷ˵񻹲ɲģ֪μҲɸΪ֮
ȻСһȻ֪μȣ
㻹˵ԯƾȴûоʲôףֱʵ
£ϫҲԽȱٵɲ˵ˡ
ˡڡ֮ԯƾô˵Ѿռ𽡢Ϳȸڤˣ
ϫͷ
һԽǰЩһλ̫ź˵жһȥɡ
һԯϵĴʦͻȻڣóһɫȼնɵܣɢһɿɲˡ
һԴ֮ԭΪɶ֮ȻҪұ㽫ｻ㡣
ͬʱԯͨҲǿڣóһɫֻ֮״ŝˮĴ֮
ȴľ𡣡

һ̣һϹŶ½ڣóһóϫҲסЩ˲֪µϹŶҿǲСﰡ


1189 
ϫȫû뵽Լһѵɵ飬ȴЩϹŶס
ԯƾڤ֮Ȼԯϵķʦ½˽֮֮
񵤲ԺԺ졢ԺĪ麣ȲϹŶóľˮʯӻؼһһĺ档
һеıɶǿĴڣȴԼǰƾȡɫ΢΢һͣоЩʵ
̫ˣ
ЩϹŶҲ̫ˣ
٣ûʲôڵԺǿɲǷȱ
Ī麣ȻЦһԺԺҲЦԸ˷緶ǿɶһĴʦȻǷȱľˮһĻ֡
ϾҪĳɲġ¯ǻˡ
ʱϫ͵ģЩϹŶнԶһԺȻһֱСһͷֵܸǿСһԱˣָо
ϧһԷ֮
ԯƾüɺ֮Ƿ޵ҲҪ֮һ
ҼǵãؾԺһͷϻвдô
ԯͨ˵
٣ˣǸ°ӣΪƷġ
ԯƾȻЦоһ˿Լһ޵ļɵ
Щ鷳ˣ̫ʱھ֧һΪ壬һΪ壬ܾɽ֮⣬кܳʱ䲻Ѷȫޡ
ü嵹ǺɽϵУϧ֪Ҳֻͷϻӵд˱ˡ
磬ȥһͷϻˣ治иһܣͲ֮ԯƾɱڵ
ϫһһϹŶԼģǶݲѣʱԯƾҪǿᱦæлλǰ񰮣µҲԼȥѰپ㹻ˡ
ڷ˵ĴڣϫҲΪеߴڣ̫ʱڣһʧ
˵ĺᣬҲǷ˷壬ҪѰٳһֻµķҲǸܵˡ
ͷϻ˿һλʮİ벽ڣ㡭ԯƾЦ
ϹŶҲݸ
ȴڣ츳Ѫͳ˫Ƴ֮·ȴǼޱȣҪɱΣҪ֮á
ȻҲΪȳ츳ǵսҪԶԶͬеߣǵ̺ѪͳĲͬˡ
ϫȴǹ˲ЩʶһһŮӣԴ̽Ϣ
˵Ȼϵ죬ִ֮˵ҲΪ˸ڳЩϹŶһ˵ΪԼ飬ȥͷϻˣĻ̫ˣɳܲ
òǸŮްɣ
ԯƾüëһŮ츳ͣѵõѪ̳˵츳طѸؾԺͷϻУҹƲԺˣһϯ֮ء
ἰҲǸпһ춼Ҫ㣬νȺͣӢűöãɽֻҪӲˡ
˵⣬ͻȻϫҼǵã˵ĵֽڰɣŹȥʮʱѣȻٴͻƣɺˣ
֮ǰһϹŶϵ֮£Ǻ˳ϫΪһȻͷ֣ϫɺڵΪˣ
ʮʱ䰡ɳɺڣ
ЩϹŶоЩš
һɲǼ䣬ϫĿ⣬ԶЩٶȵĿ죬ûٶ֮ģ
ϫԿЦֱ̥ˡ
򲻴֮죬ֻ²ο֮·һһߣȵĪҪ̰ðպĵ;ԽԽխ
ԯƾü˳ϫһ䡣
ϫȻǰѵĶԡ
Ȼûи߶ԷԼĸ֮ʵͬǿߵİٱ࣬οǼֱûˡ
˼У첻ҲҪ뵽Ժ˰ɣʵ
ϫͷʧʱң
仰˵ƽȴ͸һɼᶨִֵζȻѴע⣬ٸˡ
ȻҲó
֮ɲôͻƵģ˵ѻļӳ֣츳սҲѵõֿ˵ϿɣҪͻƴ֮ԵЩִ̫ˡ
ʱԯƾٲȻѰѳϫԼֶﻰⶼ͸һɹػ֮⣬֮·һ֣ҽʵԲ˼ȵġ
ϫͷȻȴЦ֮ǰҺͻǰʱȴǸңͻƴ֮Ҿæ
˻һһϹŶһ
֮ǰǻڴ⣬ΪԺ״ӣմѰҳϫΪ˺£ȴû뵽վָϫγ֮
һϹŶоƺԺĿ˽֮󣬾δ뿪ϫϡ
Сһذ͸ŹŹ֡
һϹŶаԸп

ԺԺעص㣬Ȼ˲֪ͬվȻҪóϫþæʱҲЩľһЩԡ
Ǿڵڶֿʱһ̫ϫĽ͵
̫ʱһϹŶһ˼Ʈɣóϫ˵ĻǸûС
ðκǲĿŹֵضųϫһһʶߵģ
ϫЩһ̫ΪҪ飿
һλǰ̫һλΪǺӵǰòǵѧԺԺɣ
ԣ˽ԶһҡͷԣһĪؿƿģ
·Ϊֱӵԯƾ죬ֽˡ
ǺҪôԺҪôѧԺһλ˲õĴˡϫЩź˵ķӦУƷζһЩġ
̫ΪҩܹƳһ¯񵤡̷֮󣬳֮һĳɹᡣ
ڵƴ˵ɾЩ˷̫ȹ屦ˣʥɾʱдã컯ԣҿ㻹ʥ֮ʱȥΪס
ǵԺԺһλӵֶͨεĴʦ˵ĻȻǧ𣬻ˣǴԴҲָ㡣
ϫȻ֮أĬãյʥɾ̫Զ£Ψܹ˳޽ɡ
Ĳٵˣ֪ͬԣ綯ڼһر
棬һ֣
Ϊ˿ɼϳеΣϫԼһ˿Ų
̫
ڴʱһƮ񾲵Ʈ˴֮УԼԼ͸һ˿ɣζһ˿ĸо
ƣ˸ոմ˯ѹһ㡣
ϹŶһĿⲻԼͬˢˢǴľ


1190 
ţΨƮ͸һ˿ζƮ
һϹŶɫӣ𺳾Ӷ࣬ȻܡϲȵɫĿУҲһһĨȡ
һȻǷԾУ
ζšʱ֮󣬱ٴγǰˣ
һ뵽⣬ԵԺԺ֮򶨣Ҳסһ
ڳ֮УΨϫΪƽ˵޸ʱһֱš
ԭܼ򵥣һԾͼ֪һҲΪǱеͼʹأֻǶЩ֪ܲµĴɢʧˡ
󣬳ϫСóһε̫˾֮ǰ˫Уֹȥ
ৣ
һõӶƮϫ̫һߣ˱֮ڡ
һĻһϹŶȷĳˣ
ЩԺϹŶǣ˿Ҳ಻סмһȻд޾ȡ
ǵԺԺ̫֮ŵϵ¯ϸЩϹŶóƺһ䡰桱
䣡
𶯣ԣһһͼӳֳɽӡ㡢쾭γȵȺ
ѪΡɸī޹ˮǡ
УٴƮɢһ͸һ˿
졢Ī麣һڵʦУȴǻһ𣬺óһУװŵģ޲һɲģҲǱһҩ֡
ܼһٶʮ֣
һӡУҪơ񵤡Ҫһʮҩġ
ɾȴֻһٶʮ֣پҩ
Ǿ
϶ǣ
Ϊһ˲֪鵤ҩľ㹻ʸ䵱ҩˣôܳ
ǾǴˣ
Ī麣ɿػһۣԶܿ˴Ŀе𾪣Եκһ˿ĸı䣬ҲζҩЧᷢرı仯
ôֻƳεƷ׵ġ񵤡
һ̣һڵԺϹŶɫԶׯޱȣ񶼷˱Уϸϸеÿһ仯
ʱĻһ˿ʦɣһȺѧ㣬һλ¸صⵤȫעһ˿
飬飬ԺԻΣԲ֮ϸΪ
֮һģ֮ݼǧٷš
޵޵ġ

⣬쳹Ʈ񾲵ƮŶеζһϹŶԣʱϲʱüʱ΢Цʱ㵸
ǵǧͬ
ͨ׵˵ͺñȽһ仰У벻ͬ˵ĶУᵽȴǸͬ
Ҳڽһ̵ĴһֻѧһϹŶ
ԯƾһ࣬ǶԵ޶裬ɵⵤ֮ʱҲǶ
ϾﵽȾ磬ǿһͨͨ΢֪ⵤɬޱȣվҲǧһ֣ν;ͬ飬Īǡ
ڳ֮УΨϫԵΪġ
ϹŶΪ磬ע޷ӱĽᵽУЩźҲ̸ۡ
е
Ҳĵ
νǧһߣˡ
ϫĵǣɾΪԼƵġϵ̺εȾ˵á
ڴ

Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻš
䣡
Ȼ󣬱ڲһĺһ£һɢԵĵҩ糱ˮк
һɲǼ䣬һҩ㣬ܹ˵궼
ЩҩһſžӨ͸ۣϣÿһڶһԣͷ崼Ũޱȵҩ
ǸһУǻ԰㣬ѣҪ뿪
գ
ˣԺԺɫһݣóһƿٽ糱ˮĵҩһһӡƿС
һУ˫ƿлǰݣ
ԺϹŶҲ빪ɫϣһóϷģ
һһģһһңȣһ˵ҪллǸ˰ɡ
ڣһǰƮ񾲣͸һԵĲɣϢ˵仰û˶ĳС
˼ˣֱŶѹɫ𺳸п֮ɫ
鸴գϫһ¯񵤡˳ֲ΢壬Ҳǻǳ
һУͬһĻԵͷϣЩϹŶҲǲòпǧ
ǰ˵ҪлĻǳϫˡ
ûĿ޸Ŀܻô˵ʹͣĿܵü飬ǻָ㵤Ϊ
˵һһĻԵһſӣôϫЩӵһӣûǸܻشԵ
һ̣һϹŶĿˢˢ˳ϫϣĳȣϵЦҪжж顣
ʱϫκҪֻ¶ԥӦˡ
ԯƾһԯϹŶҲЦѣԳϫͣ˳ϡ
գϫǴһƿ񵤡Ķˡ
û취ЩϹ̫飬ٲɻᱻǿɡ
ֵֹ飬һܳ

ԯѧԺеˣԺԴϫԴԼһ㣬ҪȶԴԼ˻Ҫء
ϫ뿪ԯƾһԯҲ뿪뿪ʱԯƾȴһش
ԯͨԣδоκβף׷֧֣ϫˣֹ츳ұ֮˻աԺһϹŶϿɡ
ΪҪǣԯһæ£ԯԵرԳϫ֧֡
ϫ˲ð
տĴУֻʣһڵԺϹŶĬƬ̣һԵĸп
֮ǰһڻԺΪβϼһճϫΪ״ӣڣˣԺĿʼնû뿪ϫϣԺôҲǶԺĵ;аŰɡ
ԺϹŶԶΪȻ
Σϫдҵȣһ˾ͬպʲôҪǵԺҵȿɲԹۡ
ɫ֣أ˵
Ȼ
˷׷׵ͷ
ˣ첻΢΢һЦĿ䣬૸пڼԺɽ磬ӢȺ貣ֻһСˣһʱĺ
Դ֮䣬δἰκ˵֡
һ̣һϹŶԺȴԼֳͬϫӰ


1191 СĴ
ɽʼ
ϫʱԺأԻ˼յá
ȱǳɹ޸һƴˣֶһ˰ʮֵԭӵеʮֵӵ˾ʮֵ
Ȼ󣬻˻յһɽһ׼ƷȻϫԼΪѷӳ˽ȫ
ɼˣԣɽӦñȽҪʤһͿˡ
ǻڤס֮Լľˮʯӻؼһһ档
̫֮ɱȵĲϣֻһ֮ܿʼ
ϧЩϹŶ˵ҪһԷ֮ɲô׵飬ϫҲżҲá
ȿıܷõȫһԵ֡
󣬳ϫһƿ񵤡ʮ˿ţÿһŶֵǣϡޱȵĵ
ϾǾԳƵҩؼһ޶ֵ֮󣬾Գ
ЩϹŶǵջ񣬳ϫһջҲѷɫ٣й֮
ϫصķЩ˴ڵԺջ񣬵ǺЩϹŶ֮޽µꡣ
ģ
ǵԺЩϹŶԯЩϯֽˣڻգ޲ѧԺλȨصĴڣ֮佨һν飬ôԴڻһЩɱ
ϫһ㣬ΪҪԿϣƾԼһ˵ԲУΨнԼ£İ֣һУ

ʮʱ䣬׬ȡ˽ֵƼ࣬ɰٶȣҲ֪²ܴչڵֵ
Ժ֮ǰ飬ڶ׬ȡֵΪأڱ񵤣ټǳչأԽ֮ˡ
ΪŸոսɺڣʱڻԴȹ̾Ϊףô˻ᣬǿǰǳ紫֮أ޼С
УСºɻ֮ϫԺзɿƶԼһļƻһеĿģȻΪ˳ÿһֵʱ䡣
Ͼʱ治ˡ
֮
ϫǳ磬ȴСͻȻڽס
ǵڶڤŶ֮ǴӺδ
ϫȻСΪʼ£ǽڤŶһ
ƺɳǡʥѧԺϰһöȱżȻõģܹУĪڤڤ⣿
СԴ֮͸һ֮ɫ
ϫסʵǰѵ˹ʲô֮
СĬβ˵Ӧ⹦̫ʱڣһλڻеħ֣֪֮λħǺˣ
ϫҡͷĿЩ
ħһ̫ʱڱ£ۼ츳֮֮ͨȼߡħһպģ̹ϡ
Сڣ˵һ̫
̹ϿٵأɣΪ죬̫źɵһˣʸ̹ŵģΨֻһˡ
ʮ֤̹Ϊ棬ǿƥأݷˮ׵磬ɽƺ컻أħһǿʮλħ
̫ʱڣһƬʱܣͨʥͣʵȴ޷ħһ࿹⣬ڵʱС飬ħΪ𡯵˵
˵̫ʱھħ£ϡгϡŮϡũϡһĹȺҲħһŲɷָϵ
ڤŶħһеһУѲɿ˹̫֮ʱȴ֪
д˵˹Ի֮У̹֮Ҳд˵˹ʮν˵硡
ҲΪڤŶĪ⣬ħһΪһϧħһû䡢𼣣˹Ҳʷ֮У
˵⣬СĬƬ̣ż֮ڤŶκħĴڶԣǿģȴͳϵ崫С
ϫ𺳣û뵽Լõһ巨ţ˾˵һǣ̫ഫź
ô˵ĻڤŶǺɹˣϫüʵ
ȷѣһѣҲ޷ɹС˵⣬оǴһ˿Źֵζ֪Ǻַţ
ϫһ͵ӹһĨɫȻòڤŶɣ

Сδӣشĺܸɴ࣬ûڤŶҾ޷㿪еѣӶӴ񡣡
ϫˣǰͶСĵ;Ϊ棬ȴû뵽Լһ쾹СͬĹ
ңĹǴСлõģ
ͽ⣬̫ĥմȾ֮뵽һǲɱһ˿
С̾Ϣ͸һĨζƺԳڳЦŪˡ
һ£ϫҲĬҲ֪˶ã˵ǰʹȻɲǻ¡
ɫ桢ᶨ͸һĨԵķâ֮ҿ޵֮·һģν񡢻ˡǽŲȴ谭ұ;֮ģ
赲֮
֮
Ĳ׹ĹŪˣ
ϣȴǽϫǼᶨ׿֮Ϥ
һ·ԼɴδٹȻһ˵ûټɻ䡣
СԣĬãһּΪӵ˵֪η˵֮ýزȷִ̫֮ˡ
ϫĬȻϻûʸȥָСȥôղһ˵ǽСģ˵Լĵһ϶

ڤŶģõڶ˹ҿ԰ҵľһһָ㡣
һ֮ѣ֮Ҫˣٴҡ
ֱϫ߽ǳ磬ԺأԻصСһ
ô
ϫǷһĨĪЦ⣬૵⻹ÿǵģгһգѽ㣬Թۣ
˵ӼһǾͱһˣô
һϫԺٶ룬ǾͨԺˣõڶСϰڤŶ
ϫûٳɣֱӽǳ紫֮أһƬصĿռУһοںڰɢϢġ޼񹂡
Ѳˮ֮аͿʼϰз򡭡
ϫ޼񹂣ȴþȰз򴫳ϰˣȥ򴫳С
Ͼзͨȴ֮άϵıǨȶϰ޼񹂵Ĵ֮ҲԵӻʼΪӪݽľһѭ򽥽ǳĹ̡
ˡ
ϫӿһƻз̻ǿ֮£ңңǺڰе޼Ӧ


1192 ѹж
ǳ磬֮ء
ϫ⣬أһĻзӿ鶯⡢ſ޾
ˣ
޼תӳܼƣܻһƻнʱݺᣬʱ۽죬ʱƻǣѷ衭
ǡ֮УڹŻзУı仯̻һȻͬĽ֮С
˲ˮ֮ľϫ죬һ߾޼ӳְֳһָΪʼ֮
ৣ
һĨڿգڻϼϯ˷Ҫأ
ٿգ
һڣзĿ͡Եڹ͵쾡£һն쵸֮ƣɱ֣ǿɲ

֮󣬳ϫָһ˺ն֣ĻӲкÿһƻ棬͸һɾ׼ȴޱȵƣǧ׷ɶͬǧޱȵĽâƿա
Ļ
һУǻзе⡢֮ƣ罣ȺսУɱǾˡ
ʱţϫԡ֮ĸԽԽ࣬˶ͬ¾籡Ļз֮
䣡
Ҳ֪˶ãϫٴָ̧𣬶أһɽлһصĻȡ
һɲǣ쳹ԳϫΪģ˷ͻȻӿǧ۽ˣض֣һƬڵĻ֮ȡ
ÿһˣƴ͸һѹڷصĿɲƣǡƽе޷ؽậһ򷨣

ˣеĳϫͻȻ۾ϥأʼ֮ǰôС
ٿաĻоͬˮ֮еһġ֮С
ڡˮ֮ݣ޿ײص㣬֮Ҫ͡Ե޾
ν֮𣬿ԭĴڣһȼ֮

ʱ󣬴Ҵš
ϫչǳ磬֪ǹȥʱ䣬Ҳǹȥҡ
ʱУϫҲһ־˵ٶɢֹԺԺؾԺݵԺУҲ˰ֹߡ
Ժϯϰԯƾ̬ȫ֧Ǹһϫ
˵һԯһæֹˣԺһϹŶҲСмӡ
Ҳ˵ˣƺǺ޸йأ쵤Ժ죬ٽϰѧ
ϧȴ޷̽ǾǷǳϫ޸ģԺһϹŶҲǱտڲ̸£Ҹоǳϫ㲻޸ߣֻҲʹ´йŶԡ
һһսѧԺֳ˴Ķֻò˶ãͻǰݵԺ۵ˡ
ݵԺҲԣÿһѧԺɶᱻ뵽ݵԺһ۵ϴģ
ۣһֱڳţϫ֣ҲֵУѧϰ֪
̸죬ҲһȻˡ

ڳϫչصͬʱԺڵĴС
ΣҲҪѹϫô
üŷ
ǵԺϯϰ֮һʤϸ˳ϫڵԺڵֱ֡
Сӣ鷳ŸսѧԺһ£ƾ޸Ļᣬһѻ˵ԺһϹŶԯϵȥֻ汻γˣʱҪԸ¾ϼˡ
ѾԺ֮ǰϫ֣ǴʱҪѹ棬ֻ¾ҪһЩֶˡ
Ժзɿ˼ž֣һٴѹ³ϫ档
ʦ֣ʲô£
вֹһˣλӵܣ˵һλŮӡ
棬ҲΪϧ촽ȧԸߣʱЩ塣
ŮɺΪҲһλѧԱ
ԭΪڴ޽λеڰΪ£ŸΪԺѧܺڸ׸ƣ޹ȴΪ٣ͲںЩԷ
ڣһʦãɺڽİ֮˰ɣ
һɫЩ䣬ʦִ˻⣿
ЦĪҪ⣬ֻͻȻһҪ鷳㣬ǰˣұһ񵤣֮
飬֮ǿ棬ֻҪ㹻ĺô˵գ涼׾ٵ顣
ȻҲΪĵ£Ϊ£棬ŻɽУƾɺڵΪͲķۡ
Ȼ񵤼֣ʱ۾һ޹ʦҪ£ֻʦܰϵģȻǡ
˵ţźۼһۡ
Ůˡ
аһЦĲѣȴЦܼ򵥣ʦ㽻ѹ㷺Ժʶǿ߲ſ㡭
ܿ죬Լļƻг
ϫǰݵԺ۵
֮ЩԥȴɵЩҲ˵ϫٴţһ˵ȻҪԼ֣֮˶ԸϫҲЩ岻
ʦҲǵѧԺһǱعأһѧѧԺݵԺѵ£ֻд裬ǳɱ
̹ȻôҲΪĥһĥϵİϾЩŵĵӣǰǾţԸ۸ڶݵԺ֮սҲѣ죬˵ĵ
˵⣬Ц֪ʦûȤλһѣڵѧԺУҲֻѰһӰˡ
ҵȻȤɵ֪ʦΪβԶ֣ѡأ
ʼ磬ҲѧԺϺС֮гԹΪϯӣԸɾЩ׵ˡ
˶٣οԺǧӵУ֮㣬ʦΪȥҲΪģȻ۴ԲҶʦһ񵤵ġ
⶯ˣã˵ǳϫһڵڶֿУսҲǳͣǰݵԺ۵֮ͬУֻмܹ쵽ʶӵ࡭
˵꣬˼ִϵʦ㲻صģ֮⣬Żв˶֡
֮ǣҿɲֹᰲһôȥڶԸϫѡϣҲȥġ
ԣʱɲ٣Цʦְŵܵʦƴǣɾ̫ˣȥ̽ǳϫϢ뷽跨ò뵽ݵԺ۵С
˵ţתȥ
ϧҶİЩİ뿪Цһȥ»ָһĮȻɫ


1193 Բ
뿪е̸δ
磬ȥ죬ƺЩװɣ
һõӵ߹ڹŷ𴨣׵ܵܡ
ȥɣʧҲ֣ѧһǱعأֻҪУ޷⡣
ǡǳϫС
һ˵һǳϫأ
ԥʢ֮ʿϫܹȡһѧһǽˡ
һͬҲ֣Ǿɳ޽ǿߺһ۵
𴨼ˣڨڨԺǧѧɶ֮ѧԺУΪһɫɺڣе˾꣬е˾ʮ꣬ԽսӦԽǿ
ֱӴʵֱ˵ɾѧԱУ˭սǿ
ԥȻɣ
ἰ֣Ժֹһᣬ
ɣ
ظһ飬ͷ֮⣬˭
һ˼ԶɡԨĴϡ
ǵֶˣҰȥǽӴһ
ɫȴǷһĨĹ

ɽĻʼУϫȫ޼񹂴С
ƿصĴ򣬷ֱСסǳࡢ컯١ɵʮ֡
ÿһִ򣬽Զܹ޼лһִ֮
ȴ֮ڹͷ֮߰壬ܻΪģΪ㽣Զޱȡ
ֱ񣬳ϫҲֻˡˮִ֮֮С
֮
ϫȻ̧ͷһȣֱָֽӵ
ֻгһƻ棬ɵֿУȴ۽һ㣬ÿһƣЮһɿ񱩡ԵŰնշٻֳһһڶת˲š
ϾǳĴ֮أռ䷨ء̣ϫһ磬ɷپգĿɲ
ˣϫ¶ϲɫٿաĻϤںΪһǵȻǿ᲻١
֮Уˮ֮һﵽԲزԶһ֮Уһÿһжֳзֱ仯پʽ
ˮִУѾϤգսߵĻǲԡ
ϫƬ̺ٳɣʼľ֮֮֮
ֵһǣ޼лôУȰһִԲزȥڶִ֮
˲ˮ֮ͻ֮ľϫһУνǼ죬ҲӦ֡
֮ǰˮ֮Уķʱ䣬֮һʱǽ䳹ա
Ȼָǳе磬ʱĻ屶

ǳʮ
ৣ
һ緢Ϣ޾֮ƽڽʱԽãеԽԽǿ
ľ֮ԲزϢ
ǳʮ
ˣ
һĺȺ𶯳͸һǵһĨɱĽɫնһֽһնΪ
һٶȡǷ̶ȣѴﵽ˼£˼£Ҳǽзİڹ͵˼£
֮ɱ֮ơ
ٶȣ̶ȣ֮һָһն˲ƣ˵Ƿʤٿ
֮Բزɱ˫
ȥ
ϫϢһµΡɽͻȻˣָƶһӲʯơ
¡¡
նһɱĦѹĳƱǶۺء̻һ֮УֱʮɽƣҪƽǬأ
֮Բ
ˣдȫա

д֮֮ҵս뱩ֻ࣬вǴ޾ڣ֮ͬУֻҶˡ
ϫˬа˼⡣
Ȼ񻹲Ǵ֮޷зΪһȴԳŽд֮ʩչ
ӣȻӱǣǲʵľִӣľƣȻ
ľĵӣľƣľҲǻȻⲻǷںϣַ֮˵İ
֮ͬĽϣȷӱ
뵱ϫɳʱֻ½ʩչ̺дĽʱѾһ֮У̺зĽ
Ҳͬˣ֮ĴУףǽֲͬĴԲµĵزȻ޼񹂵ݣϤ˽С
ǽҲǶԷã
Ϊʱ޷ʱսֶεͬս仯
ǲµķ򴫳Уǿʼֵ֮У
ϫµķ򴫳Уָз֮⣬ʼ׵ȵȴĴС
֮УǽѾյִУνеӣһһϣϡнȫӣͬһսֶΡ
֮ǲµķ򴫳Уǵյķ򴫳УԶսһ;
϶ԣһְ취սҪһЩ
ˮ֮ͻ֮Уִв޸ߵֻ֣֮óϫյսֶζһ֡
ǰߵãȻ
Ƚнеһѡ񡭡ϫ˼ã˾
׼жʱڶȴͻȻһ
ǰݷã
ϫһ뿪ǳ硣

ϫ߳ԼĶʱԶԶһվڰУǺЦΪº͵ӡ
ϫʦܡ
ϫ֣ӵʱ¶һĨЦݡ
֪ʦǣ
ϫһˣ֪ԷһΪиûдˡ
Ӣ
ЦشΪˬ졣
ԭӢʦ֣֪Һ£ϫɻ
ӢЦųϫʦܷɣȡһһǴѧԺ⣬һȻ鴫
ϫ캬Ц֪Էںѡ
ȻӢϫģֱԵʵΪʦֳڣԺһЩʦֵܺʦдһͬ۵
д裿ϫһݵԺ۵ô
ԣݵԺӢЦҲѧԺһ£ΨбֳߣŻᱻ뵽
ϫһ˼⣬ȴЦҡͷʦǺ񰮣ϧ²ʵڳ鲻ʱǰԼ¡
˵⣬ѵھܾˡ
Ӣһȴû뵽ϫܾ֮죬æϫʦܣ㲻ٿһô۵ʱֻҪȡʤԻһʲƵֵġ
ϫҡͷл
ΪԺ׼ʱ뵽дУοڶڶȡ񣬾׬ȡֵҲᱻԷ˵ˡ


1194 ս
һǺ˵İͶ־
ϫضӢϵЦݶʱɫҡҡͷת뿪
ಣ
ããɽеһڣӢӰһͽС
Ӣ磡
Ӣʦ֣ôˣǳϫӦ
УǾۼ߰˸ŮӢ˿ͷأʱǰѯ
УСӶҵȤҲޡ
ӢҡͷԳһЦ
ʲôӢԺѧУϵһλǳϫȻӶֱĿ𳤣
һȻ˵
ϣ
ԣӢǵԳ֮ɫŨִʵͬһѧԺģɶǴ޽ɼ˰
У¶ʧ֮⡣
ԣҲ֪ΰοˡ
ӢԺϵһѧԺǧǰͽԺΪȴһֱɺڣŬҲ޷޽֮
ΪԲ磬ҲûȥټԺô꣬Ҳύ˲ǿ˵޷֮Ժлǹĺܲġ
Ӣʦ֣㲻ԷƱ֮ͬУս֮ǿɵȼˣ˭ҲȲ㡣
ʱòЦſڣǳϫȻܾǾѡ취սˡ
ͬսǿʲôãֻʱռ˲ٱ˰ˡӢҡͷɫȴǻࡣ
ȻİοҲҲǿο١
ʦ㣬˵Ǹôһ˵
ҲĿ
ˣȻһĨ㣬ֱĿĸоΪչԼǻۣãŰԼõһƻ˵˳
˵ϫޣһͬǰĻʡˣ߽鲻Ȼ벻ϫǾǶǰݵ۵ɡ
쿪ڣ͸һĨţǶ˱ܣɨʱͰѴ¸֮ϫ꣬϶޶ԡ
˻һ۾ʱһı
˵ǳϫľϡԯϵĹϵҲôĻһɿڡ
üͷײ壬㼴ֵģݵ۵ѣֲɱѧԺĬĹأÿһѧԺɶܵѧԱǵսġ
ԣ׷׵ͷ
ԬλʦܣǾ鷳Ƕλȥսʺ͹ˣסǧ©˷ǳϫǰ֪ˡ
Ը
ʦġ
£վȥ
ˣְĿɨӢԼ꣬λʦ֣ܳɹսϫԸɾͰˡ
Ӣ˵ͷ
˵˵
һ۵ĸֵͷԶҲԺɾѧԺ֮һ
һҵҲһǷʵˡ
һһ´ǣȻ˵йɣԶһɾеĶ
ˣд󶨣¶һޱȵЦݣ̬ʮ㡣
ӢԶɣרԳϫĸ֣֮ԻҲΪϫ̫ĳʲô⣬Żһӽ
УҲֻܽŵĺˡֻǶԸһ˶ѣӢǳӦ㹻ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ʲôףų׷ġ
ҺãϫͬǳϹһඥӵܣǽһٸӣҲҲϽˡ

ಣ
ԦŶݹ⣬ƿճԼסȥ
ѧԺֵ׬ȡǻޣֲҩҪôҲҪôֵ̫٣ɾӵܣһɱȡɨ˰
Ϊƣͷ۸׬ȡֵ

ڰн䣬㷵Լȴ˽ס
ʦܡһ׳ꡣ
ʦǣɻ
ҽкרΪʦܶ׳Ц
üͷһԭǺʦ֣֪ʦҺ£
⣬ȥݵԺġֱֱ
ݵԺһ۾ʱˡ
йݵԺĽܣ֪ݵԺд۵ǵ֮佻Ż֮һ
дһ㻹һЩͷֵȵȡ
׬ȡֵǹģԵݵԺʱеʱ⶯ˡ
ʦܿԸǰʦһд۵Цʵ
ʦʦд裬Ҳҵңоܾɣ
оλʦֻȻԼ֮࣬ҲЩԵã֪ɲ˭ܱǰݵԺ۵ġ
ȻҲǶԼʵһϿɣȻǺϲܵġ
Ǳ߰ɡ
Ц۵ȴǻһĨ֮ɫһš
á
гս⣬ţаģڽѧԺ֮ǰڶĴڣԲΪԼ˾Ͳˡ
ȻҲѧԺеӵܿ϶еİͱϿɵĸоԾԾԣ²Ϊ׬ȡֵдһҲӡ
ಣಣ
͹ƿնȥݵԺȥ
ͬʱڵĶУҲǷͬ顣
͹ͬǣȴĴɣŰŽ룬ǰһپǷ뵽д۵С

ݵԺѧԺԺ֮һ
ĴԺͬݵԺѧԺӵ֮д轻۵֮أս۵֮£ҲΪʢ
ʱһݵУͷɢɫ԰ףü両źεķŭ
ϣϸС˿ڣѪΪǱҡ
ҵĴϢţϢңĿѣضǰʮˡ
棬ʮŮԶԺŹģǲ˶¶һĨＥЦ
ܺãǾȻƭң
ҧڣ׹һУǹⲼúõģΪľǴѹ
ȺУҡͷԵʦܣʵҲֲλʦʦǣǵѧԺÿһԺ֮󣬶ᱻǰݵԺĥһĥİѾǴͳ
Ϊβұˣƫƫšüʡ
ʱͻȻЦ˵ˣǲֹ㣬ͬʣҲһݵнĥ¡
ʲôһԼһ˿ıζ
ˣʦĪҪһ˵ˣԭΪ޳˲ɫһҲ˶ѡ
ԣʦܣ㻹ᣬԺ·ܳɲҪǺʦʦŶӮһǧֵҲһ̵ĽѵǶֵı˵㻹øлǲŶԣϾɲ˭Ըָġ
Ϸʿڣζ
ɫ࣬˫ȭգҧø죬ǻը


1195 㵽
˵ļЦڶƣɹȴһñ䡣
ı
һıȻҲǣˡ
Уȥֹ뵽дУ
һ뵽⣬Ҳ˲ûƣ˲ΧĳŪӰǿҧݣתҴҶȥ
ûֹ
ΪǵĿѾﵽˡ
Ź뿪ıӰЩѧԱϾ֮⡣
ϫǱˣͻȻʵ
д֮ǰԬʦѾȥ֪ͨˣ֪£϶᲻ٺЦ
ãҲ׼úøλһѧһ˿Σǲǵ֡
Цڣг⡣

ݷã
ϫüͷһ壬Щˡ
ǸӢŹȥʱٴǰݷã춼飬˭Ҳܾȥˡ
ˣȥһΪǰݵԺǾֱӾܾȫƣԺٲ¡
ϫһɫǻָת߳ǳ硣
⣬һ۵Ԭɫ°üһĨڵ⣬ǸĴڡ
ϫʱŴӶԬƸоˣüϫʦܣĴ֮
仰һڣϫҲüͷһ壬Ťͷͷض
Ī˻࣬ԼʶԼǰڼӣҲ֪ԽС
ټϳϫѲͷְݷãҲôԷˣǰԾԺչصʱһκδĶơ
ߣʦܣ̫ûòˣҼλͬˣǰ֪ͨ㡣
ϫ̬ȣԬҲɫһҲñ
ϫȻֹûлͷʵ˵ʲô
˵λͬݵˣ㻹ǸϽȥǽӻɣ˻д裬ԾŰ
ԬˣǵŨ˹˵
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٣㵽ףǻÿǷˣԬЦó£д裬ȻвͷѺעһֵɸң


1196 ˮ
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ѧԺĵӣѡ񶴸ʱһʲƵķãȼ֮⣬˭óһֵ
Ԭȴϫӵеֵɲֹһֵ˵ϫһ֮ںɨʮ׬ȡʮֵ
һսѧԺһ׬ȡֵȻһ׬ȡĶ࣬ܲԬۺ죿
ʱԬȻѴע⣬ҪݺѹեԷһֵ
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Ԭ𣬻Ǹҿڰ
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ʱ򣬳ϫ˳˼еİߣǰ򿪷һд裬ϫʤ


1197 ֮
ʵԬŲƳ
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мһ֣֪ûС
ϫԬֻһҲˣԵɲһ̣ЩҲǾɲ
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˵һƷǧһһ̣Ӣͳݵ֮⡣

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1198 һ
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֪ϫԸʱֻ˲һսֻ»ᰵԼĿҲһˡ
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룬ڰ׷߿ݵԺƾУҲֻȼˣӵţȼˣѳΪɽеڸһ
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ǳϫյʤƷεĴѹжǵʧܸգ˶Է
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ǡΪ׵ܵܣҲ̬أҴȥ
СѲ֮Ȼκβ
ҧĮ˼ҪҪһЩ޽Ϊ֣Է⡣
ʱϫݵУңңԶɵš
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ɽ˺ϯѼӰԺӶ࣬вͽϰѹѹһƬ
һ̣еĿⶼݵУڳϫϣɫҲǸͬ
ü
˷ܡ
ϰһЦפ㣬¶Ȼ֮ɫ
һһĳϫ˵ãѧԺ֮ǰһϹŶҪΪͽѧԺŶ̶̲֮䣬ֳ󶯾ȻзǸʼįļһ
ľַش֮˻Ƿͷ̫һҪѧԺͳѵһǰҪɲô׵顣
һڵľ£ȡʤ
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һŮеڳ伤ԵΪͻأȴ˲Ĺ׷Ϊϫź
Щˣüͷһ壬߲ѣΪá
ǣϫܸ߰
ԺۼĵطһȺŮǹ°Χ£һܡ
ᣬտһĨƵͻȣȺ㣬ԵΪĿ
ɣԺɾеĵһˣ
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Աһߴƽüֱͦݴ⺷̸ֹ֮䣬Ҳһۻȡ
ߴԨҲԺɾһλǿ
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Ƴ˶ԷһۣЦ˵Ϣȴᡣ

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ˣȫʱѻȸĿԶݵڣսҪʼˡ
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һɲǼ䣬ݵڱɫԳ⣬ɱǸն𵴺ݡ
ȻһͶȫҪϫѹĿ֮ÿһ̣Ƕһֳ衣
һݣһսȫ֣սȻǲޱȣݲκ˼

һƬɳȳϫֶǳתһһŵǳѭϫ˷Χ
ɳ
һɱܹܻ󣬶Ե˽ѹԺԶһٰʮֵһ䱦һֱ᲻ãǸһսͼó
ϫȣܵһɾ޴ѹȴȻ壬ԣֳһ֮һ𣬱ʢ⡣
䣡
һɨһǳըǰȥ֮Χ¡¡ը죬һſתǳѿֱӱ
𺳣⣡ˢеѱѼȴǱϫƳһɱ
ͬʱԶƺһ˲Լı͵سһɫɵٴγϫնɱ

ϫһӰδУ֮һգΧ£ķΧ
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ӣϳ˱ǹѹᱦƷɱ
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ˡ
һ򵥵Ľȭȴӿ̺ΣǻӲõɳȥʮɣݡ
ƺߵˡ
ԳϫĹȴδֹһ̣ٴһ׹ɽһ޸һڷһɱ
֣ͲϫκδϢܵĻᡣ
˿öľһս̫񱩣ȫȫѹ̬ƣԭݵֻɷΧݺУռŲơ
ҲӲ֤ԶɵʵҲǾǷ֮ɱȣ˿ϷУܿĳ
ϧһϵеĹƣԳϫȴ첻κͶ֮䣬һһɻࡣ
һĻҲٻȻȻΪϫı֣ǵϡ
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˫ļսңټݵ𵴲ݣհԱ쳣֮ҡ
ȲεĶԾǸ磬Իɽӣذ޹⣡
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дսˣϫɲ·磬ڳҲʶһһȻѰɱȣλԺ֣޷ѹ
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䣿Цûսʼ񣬳ϫǳֿȭδɱΪЩñ
һЩоǶԳϫĿȳݡ
ֹЩڳЩϰҲһսУϫڱΧĴУȴʼΪκɱԵ̫Ѱˡ
ѵ˵һֱûЩַУ
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һսǺˡ
ݵԶһΰӰɫЦϾ㣬ȻԺԺ֪
ߣŲٽϰȻҲ衣
ȴǸоЩƺвٻᡣ
ЦЦȴЩǿԵЩ㡣
㣬ϫСһûжȫ㻹ôΪ𣿡
֪Ƴ˶Էһۣ˵
ɫһͣӲûжȫôܣ
¡
ݵУһӲӵĴϫҲָһնϼڣ˲佫һֻƷٻһɶ
һӰະĵˡ
һĻȫȻսˣˣȴǳϫеһλ
зˡ
ʱĿⶾĽϰȴһ۾Ϳ˾Ƽı䶯
ֹ˶Ǿͽɣ
һĮȻƽӳϫ³һ쫷㣬ϯݵԣڳ޲кݺһ
ͬʱϫһӰЮһױȵϢһХ磬չ
ǵģӿսʱЩ׼Էʵһֱ̽յõĴ֮࣬ȴЩʧ
ʧȻǶԷʵޣЩ⡣
䣡
һ̣һĿע£ϫһ˲һˣԣͶ㣬ֲϢ죬̤գŲתƣٶ֮죬޷׽Ӱ
ָ
ȭ
ƣ
˷ûжκɱȴ׻˶Էһɱķ޼񹂵ߴ֮


1200 ݺݱ̢
飡
ϫһȭ򳱱ӿŷкӱɣƿأ˸ǵɳȥѪ
žž
ͬʱϫ˦ݺݳϣǻݣ˶ɳƵĺݺڵ棬˫˫ʡ
һ˲ѣֻǰһֻʣԶ
˺һϣо𣬸оǰĳϫ֮ǰֱˡ
ˣǷһĨ֮ɫ
䣡
ϫǰÿһ£ķضɽӣԶԿ
Һƴˣ
һȣתһ׹ɽϫѹ
ϫһָͣзһɽεضһ׽ǰ׹ɽסҲ޷һ˿
һ׸о֣Ѽ̫ʬƵıа֮ɱ£ֱ޼᲻ݣﲻơ
ڣȻϫװסˣסһֻ˻ķɶꡣ
䣡
ϫһӣİ׹ɽ뱻˦ȥݵԵϣһ
ٴκݺһ鴤̫ǿˣ
һϣ
ʱ޷ɢңΪǱȴǺ֮ɫ޺·ˣ뷴Ҳ
ž
˵ʱеһƿգƻз򣬱̢£ɱ
ǣԶǵûһ֣֮ʣˡ
ˣ䣡
䣬ԶǱݵеĽƴͳȥ
㡭
ŭš
ֹڳҲһû뵽Զʱˡ
Ҳڴʱǻӳȥĳޣϫһץסһק޶ʱƿء
ž
ϫִޣƥ˺գֱӳϣѣƤһС
֮ǰϫѿЩΨŮհףϫĿܿˡ
žžž
޶Ӱŭڱ̢£кŭֱҽУͷܣڣѪܲǱ֮
ڳȻ˲ٶӣ˭Ҳû뵽ϫԴһŮʱҲĺֱǻһĻִݻĺϷ
㡭Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
УˣĿ֮֮£ϫƵزɨأĻκι˼ɡ
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һ£ڳǷŭ׷ŭָϫ
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ϫʦ֣֧㣬úãƯ
Щָϫеʱ׷׽вЩжѵѻŲŭϫ˾٣νǲӮ棬Ǻݺݳһڶ
£Ŀܲȥֳ֧ϫ
СһҲѹŲŭء
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֪Ƴ˶Էһۣûж˵
գվûסˡ
ˡ
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ཻڴˣЩԶĬɫٶЩѿٻʱҲ˳Ĭ
һսеһȡʤȷһ˲˵顣
ǰ٣
һУϫδ¶κθˣֻǵһʱѯԼһս׬ȡ˶ֵ
߸ˣÿһѧԺȡɣֵܻ
׷߾̾ؿһۡ
ϫͷûдݵ뿪˼һ̧ͷĿһĨ磬ڳЩһһɨ
ܵϫĿ⣬һɲǣȫԾСܿͱð
˵ҷ㵽ף˭Ҫҳϫд裬ܷȻǵֵѺע죬Ժҿɲˡ
ƽ󣬵žУȴڶС
ȫ䶯쳣û뵽ϫǿƣ㵽ףѵҪɷԺ
Щԣ仰ͳʮʮƣɼʶ˳ϫսȴû˸ðȻǰս
û취ɾУϫս֮ǿʵ̫ˡ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣֣ѵӣ
ʦֳ֡
ৣ
һ̣Ŀ⣬ˢˢͬһϣһ꣬ɡ
ʱϫҲǽĿɨ˹ȥɫƽ˿Щʲô
Ŀ֮£ȴһЦ˵һϵĻϫʦɵҲ֣Ͳǰ׳ˡ
˵գƮȻ뿪ȻεĿ⡣
˳ţӣЩԺУɾǿ֮˱ɣȻϲϫת뿪һʱ޷ܡ
ϫҲ΢΢һƳһ뿪ıӰջĿ⡣
ɵȥȻ󲨣ҲЩʿ˲СĴ
ĶȻҾܾս
ȺУɫ΢Ŀ䵽˼£û뵽ɻͻȻֳĶҲЩֲ
磬ҪҪҸᣬѣ
ҧȥģȴǸˣҲ޹⡣
²ȶԸӰɣˣǼһ𣿡
üʵ
ȻԥɨһۣӦáˡ
üͷ
ڴʱһȻڳע⡣
Ҳ̧ȥһϤӰݵǰʱ߶ʱһĨ֮ɫȻˣҾ֪ס
ͬʱݵԶҲɫõԺѧûйһдѣȻ³䡣
ԵģȻɡ
֪üдǵ֮飬ĪҪԼ־ǿˣǿǷѧԺļɻ䣡
һ㶣֪ھԼȴΪȻЦɻ䣿ɻмô
ţô޽ǰʮҲˣ
֪Ŀ⿴ݵͻȻֵһӰʱЦϣظһĨŭ
ҲǿһæĿȥȻͿ޽ڰ棬ǳݵǰ
СӣĿЩ̫ˡа̾ȴЦǺǣͬдѣӦò¡
ߣ
֪һü˼ãջû˵ʲô


1201 ۷Ծ
һϮƵۣ׿Ȼ
ԺĶǿߣ޽ڰ˵ĴڣһִݵǰʱһƬȻ
ԺУϵӰǧ֮ʣĳǴ޽ɵĴڡ
ܹ޽ϵģֻˡ
ܹһΪף治ֹ޽ô򵥣ǰʮλеڰ˵Ķڣ
㽾°ߵﶼپ̾
òͳϫдİɣ
˿Ц֣ЦЦΪ˶Ϊϫ
ڳ˻Ȼĸԭ
ϫҲ棬ڽѧԺĵһ죬ԺԺ֪֡
ڽԺʱŲڣȴ˲İʱ䣬޽֮Ȼֻ˽꣬ǰʮ֮УֱԺоŰһʮ꣬ӵ˵ڰ˵Σ
˶ԣɼڣȴ˵ʵкεǿ

沽죬ֱϫڵݵɫƽκŲ£еĻȻһֱͣž
Ȼݵפ㣬д衣
ƽκθ顣
仰ڳ˶Уȴʱը˹޷ֳĬ
ȻΪ˺ͳϫд
ɣԾǿԴСǴ޽ɣǴ޽ڰ˵Ĵڣȴͳϫд裬۸ˣ
⵹ãݵʦֲ뵽дУҲǻᱻѹƵɾġ
ѵûΪĵˣųϫ޴ɨأΪ£Թۣ
ôǹˣѹƾսֶοɶܵӰ죬ѹκǿˡ
һеָۡ𡢱ģδһ㣬ɫƽ֮ҲԳǺεȼǿ
ֻǿųϫȴŶԷ𸴡
أ˳ϫ֮⣬ûκȤȻҲ
ϫˣãѺעô
ǵģϫû𸴣ȴѾˣΧ˶УнԶ֮࣬һĨ
ǺһһλõĴ޽ǿʱֵ򶨣ţƽ
ԭʺ͹Ǵ㲻һҲҪֹϫдģɻû죬ϫѴӦǵʱе֮࣬Ҳһǳϫȡýɾ͵ԭɣ
ң
ûɣ¼ʧˣҲΪһսѧԺ֪ء
ߣ֪
ȺУΨЦѣǿϫûκλᣬעѹ
ʧˣûʲôʵˣվʧˣǵʤȥ㹻ˡ
Գϫ⣬ƽŰģѺעֵҸֵ
ϫԣͷԡ
˵ţŤͷǰ׷ڵһ򡣡
һ
ڳ鶼ɲôֵİײˣǵѧԺֵôҳ
һһˣ
ΪЦһֵǴ޽ȥ׬ȡϸֿɣûһأҲղ
񣬳ϫ֪ȡʤľ£һǧҳһֵǷʲô
Ҳڳϫ֮ȫսѧԺһЩƴ֣ۺ졣
Ŀǹ߳ƽɫ΢΢һ˿仯̧ͷƳһ۳ϫ㼴ãҸˡ
λѺעȷ֮󣬿ɾ޷ˡ׷̲סһ䡣
ϫ涼ԳĬʾıˡ
ˣ׷߲ٶȰǵѺעһһ¼ọ́ݵĽơ
ˡ
Ʋ𣬳ȫ˵ݵڡ
ϫңңš

ݵнƲһѹ١
ϫ쵽澳类ѹƵɾһڴ޽ɶеϢ
ȻˣԷ䱻ѹƣȴɱڴ޲С
ڴˣϫҲһݣȴη壬෴Ȼһľս
ϫ˿ûͷеľһս
ˣΪд裬ֻΪƽΪԺ˸ǣͬ顣
ԣһսӮ
ҪӮƯ
ڳװ׿ϫϹǵȶӵܣҲӡ
ϫģˣԶ֪Ȼڡ
ϰȻ֪Ļ£̬仯ֻҲ޷תưɣ
䣡
ϫһԡУָΪһزġˮ֮նȥ
̺ӿ¡¡𵴣ħȺ𣬰
棬һһɲǣһ񵶳ʣħ㡣
ѹƾ磬ȴҲѹƣǿһУɾȻǿˣҲ
֣
ұ̽޳ָգЮ貹ϼݿ࣬һУϫһˮ֮ȫ߽⡣
ϫʵȻǿϢʱٴαǿƣǰͬۺٱΪת٣ء
ӹȻ˵á
΢Уһĳۺȣϫѹȥնҵİ
䣡
߼սһһͬħ񣬱ſһѲָ߮㽭ɽ߼䱬һƬһƬùԣݵֵĽƶ졣
𣡡
ݵ⣬׷æọ́ٴһشƣݵĲȹ
˾̾žĿսΨִκϸڣȲεĽ棬Ǽ亱ġ
ԭǴ˶ΪϫȻᴦƣȴû뵽棬Ǻѷɫ
һ̵ĳϫͶ㶼дʦ緶ȻᣬһɳݵȴĲ
оһ˿ѹȻȴңӦԣ֮ս
ΪһԺнǧĴ޽ɣ˵类ѹɾսֶΣɲһ˿
䣡
һǿ񱩵ӲϫָתǿֻҪɾУоԵţԼѹһеУ޿ƥУ
һսӡڹеǶԼʵһ־ƿغ֪
ʴˣƴ󿪴ϣ;ǡн񲻿裬кɨ˻ΨҶš
ٴζݣ֮ڣȻӵս⣬ʵ


1202 ֮
ת˲֮䣬ϫѾ漤ս˲ٻϣڳҡҷþ޷򶨡
һɾеĿ֮ս
ս˫һһһսȺͬ޵֣ԽսԽǿ޷伫ںεز
һһ޽ɣλд޽ڰ类ѹƣսֶɾ۷塣
ߵļսڴ˿ݣβ˶ݣ
䣡
ݵϫָ죬н漤սǿơ
ɾ֮Уϫȷ²ɵ񣬳ԽˣٲȻ߱޵֮ơ
Ķ֣ǿߣһѹƾĴ޽ɣһڶһĴ޽ɴڣϫ֮սҲǼУȻ·硣
֮Ƕһɾս̬ƣҲƿݹ۹ŽҲսˡ
Ҳڳ˿Ŀԣ𺳣˺
磬ϫѾ֮߱ѳɡ
Զ֪񿪿ڵ
ϧʩչʱɲɱܡ
ɫԴޱ˵
֪ЦЦٶԡ
һһɾڣѵ𣿺α˷ʱ֮ģ
һߣвЩ꣬Ȼͳϫսһ£һ·ѹ֣мΪá
ϣϣ
ͬһʱ䣬սеĳϫԼԼɱ
һѩɽĳߣָͨ͸Өһһʣǡһڿգȫ

ʦҪȫô
ţһ̫ɱһͬʱʩչܹ̫̫ǵıԴ
һԺһ񣬿
ǡ
ڣȻǶȻҲϣ
ǳϫʦֵɱ𣿡
ʱ򣬲Ҳǿ˳ϫɽȥɽ׾ƽɽʽƣԵЩѰ
ɵɽڳϫʱǽȴƻһƬǿգԣǶȻĿ
һҲѷɫ
ף
ǣ
ⲻǡյ彣
ڳ֮УֻȼϵĽϰϳ˳ϫǱɽһĿһ첻ѡ
꣬սΪ֮Ժͽǣ񣬻վְѴ˽˳ϫ
Զ֪Ҳһ΢УԼڳϫƺʲôԼ֪鷢
ɽһصıҸ߱ͬѰ壬ΪԺͽ
ע⵽֪ƺЩ죬вɻȴǸûӳϫɽпʲô
ϾճԺߣҲѧԺײβĴڣֵܹģ޼ʶϳɽģɾϡˡ
ݺʸ֪Щ顣
飡飡飡
۷׷֮ʣϫٴսһ
߿սһڶɱս֮ղٴμ֣ȥ콣ֱҪᴩնȥ
գ
ȣգǡһȼգͷŵȴѪ֮⣬Ѫգ͸һɱ׳ɱŵ
ľ֮
ϫüɱǽڿգͷųľϢȻ޾ÿһƻʱţԽԽǿ
ľ֮Ϣ޾Ҳǽڽ
¡
߽棬ԭǻľȴñҰղ紵ϫľ֮ǿޱȣѪӡơ촷ۣ
׹һЩû뵽־ҲԽԽ£ԽսԽǿǶŭ
ԭղһô޷еġơתԷ񾳽ѹƣȴֻʩչ֮Щ
ȴûڳϫǴ޾սֶռ˼ˡ
ৣৣৣৣ
涯ŭնݺύǺ֡
Щеĳأе統ͷҵգеưɳĮϵա
޲ڹš֮򡱵ľƽݵ¯
ϧһδι޲ϫˮ֮ľ߽֮֮֮֮⣬޷ѹƳϫ֡
һĹƣҲǿԾ
սˣɫڱأüɷͷŭ
ϣ
һ̣ٴζһɽһҹű亮ɽ

˽һ֣Ǻͼһϵ໥ӳһĹ
һɲǼ䣬ٴһأִִڰ׽ӳ塣
Ƶʦʹ
ݣȻѣ˭Ҳû뵽һעʵĶսУϫı־ǿƺҫۡ
ԭΪϫȻڶ̶ʱڣͻᱻԾƴݿܣƫƫأϫսĲ¡
ȻΪʩչ֮󣬳ϫȻķâƫƫأϫ漣ļ
һУ˾ϣͺñݺİѴˣȥȴûбѹ
ϣͻᾪͻ᲻⣬ͻ𾪣Ϊδ֪δ֪ǿ־Դ
̸Ͽ־壬ȴܾڳϫı֣޷ȣûۣͬһĹ̥㣬Լǰ
Ҿ֪ϫӲް̡֮
ӮӮӮ
ϫʦֻ֣ҪӮˣҾͺ£
һȴЩ׷׼ΪϫһЩŮӸΣϫﰮĽ֮⡣
һɽ޵ŮǴ󵨣ֱӼе˭ҲҪͳϫʦӣ
һڻȻ͹Ŀ⣬ŮȴǰͷͦأҰʮ㣬Ͳں
һУϫƽʣɫ

ڰ˫˺ѳһʮ֣һΪһΪ͸ű䡢ɱеꡣ
ӣ
ȻҲַزϧֶȴԶԶȲ޼еĴС
ϫͷʯ֣һ̣缤䣬ȼգУȴֽɲǼӿ
Իյָ
޼й֮еĸС
гϫԼĽĵ
һеĸ򣬶ɲǼһ
һ̣еɽһ̣

һˮڣˮͻ⹲裬£ҫ۵Ĺ⣬ԶԶȥһĨһ֡
飡
һ羫׼ļʦһݺݴʮλãдòʡ
ȻһֱϸȻɢϫһȴƲֱȡüģ


1203 ˸
ͣ
ϫһˮ֮кͻ֮еӣ㱩һ࣬ɲǼ䣬ֱüĶȥ
Ȼû뵽ϫɾʵҲƿط֮ԼɱС赲ֺ

ͷ涯ȴǲһ˿ǰһ
ৣৣ
أƶһ̱նΪ룬һΪīҹһΪ磬ƽ֮䣬
飡
ײֲĲϯ˷ݵûܵĽƶһҲݡ
֪һνǺε֮ɲ
һĻȫ޲𺧣շ֮⣬Ͼһ޽ɣɳϫҲ˴˷ɾͳˡ
һԣֻнϵĴԲزʱܿʼȥ֮
ϧԴǿ߶ԣ˵ȥ֮ǽյĴԲزѡ
ϾǷڳԶؿѧԺӵܣҪһҲ
£Ҳֻн޽֮ǿ߲һϫɾʱܳɹշ֮ģɾ֮ˣڵѧԺж
ֲóϫ棬ԭҲֶΡ
о̾׳ϫԭԼǰ򵥣෴ıÿÿϣ˭Ҳ޷֪жٵơ
һôǿֵز
ȺУɫһԵĲоƷչһȫƿأֻ滹ƿս֡

ݵУɫأ䵲˳ϫһɳϫǽڽսȴᵽһ˿ΣյϢ
룬ŬԼ侲ͬҲκһ˿Ĵ⡣
ǰĳϫѾΪһУ
ͣͣͣͣ
ʱԶĳϫٴɱ

ݵۣܵǶı仯ϫţ˵˿ɴһ֡򡱵״̬
ȶ֣Ҳǳ׼ϫǱܣһֻʣ½
ΨΪ
һֶԽ羮磬ϫȫ
۾罣һÿһëУ籡Ŵ⡢Ľ⣬ˡΪһ
ˡ
ɽǻԣת糱Ľʮء
һ̡
һͻͽնȥ
ˮ֮
ľ֮
֮
ˮ֮
޼񹂵нУ񱻳ϫɹһһӣཻһȫµĽ֮С
ҲǷǡ


һ߽ųϫĹƣһܣȻţܵһֳѹ
һѹʱţҲԽԽҪѹƵƣɫأƵطӿ
ôܣ
һôսս
ѵԼһ޽ɣҪһսѧԺ
У
Ҳ䣡
ҧӵѹ֮£һƬ

ϫĽƿգݺݵԽԽԶԹ۵˶ֳϫĽ
âǱԽԽ·Ƶġ
һֱڱǿ
ƵҲһֱڵ
Ȼսĥº򽣵ϫǱʵڿ£кݺһ𣬡ֹֻҪˡ

֮⡢̡֮֮һֱнǬΨһļѵձҪ̤롮֮
Զ֪ĿųϫһգգΨִκϸڣֲãնɽͽ
ǧɱ֮˫
ɣɽս˳ƻĴڡ
ܹڽ̤뽣֮ͨʦߣһܹﵽһ֮ھǷëǣܹΨ֮ߣҲҲһ
ɾͽ֮ԣҪһԵģ

ݵУϫսԽԽңѴﵽȻĵز
Ȼ뾡취ٻǲǿѹ˱ѹƵơ

׹һ׷񱬷
ֻһ͵ش̿գʱɺ嫵ǳ֮⴫һɼһɼգ
һй̫̫ǳ֮ʦֵɱﵣû뵽ڴ˿̼óˣ
Ⱥʧ
ƣ
ɽڴ˿̣Ҳ䶯ˡ
һ̺ˮַĽ˲۳Σֱӭȥ
νˮˮֽ֮̽еӣҲǣƺƴ˼¡
䣡
һκȻײ
ǳֱ֮ӱնϣϫǻͻ͵ĽɨХ㽫ԶɣݺײڽϣѪֹ
Ծ
ϫӮ
׷ߵʱͬʱæọ́ƣ洫ͳû취ʵڵĳϫ˺ߡ
ҾȻˡ
һ˿ȻƳһԶĳϫ㼴Ӱ뿪
ݵһƬžǸ
ˡ
λд޽ڰλʦֶˣô죿
⡭ôܣ˱̬
һʱ֮䣬ը˹ȫзڣţޱȡ
ã
ϫʦӮƯ
̫ˣϫʦ
һȴϲ񣬸ߺųϫ֣ɫԶڿȳݡ
ã
֪ƳЦϾϣ˿ҲǴһĨĵ͡
ݺݳ鴤һ£죬û˵ʲô
ǸûõĴ޽ɰ޽ڰȻһ޷Ʒֱ棡
зѿԼ
죬ɳˣΪ⣬ֽϢ棬ԭһеİţӦԶԸκˣȴ룬Ȼûκγϫ
˿̣ȫĻȻЩһ¶ԳϫĻٲԸϣҲԼԭǴѹϫһжȴɾ˳ϫǰ
ò˶ãѧԺֻ¶֪췢飬֪ϫյҫ۱֣

һУϫƽĬãһò粹ĵһߵ
һս쳣ҲЩۣһս֮
˵ջ㵽ףλʦʦҪд裿
֮󣬳ϫǵȻٿȻ𣬾һ쫷һ㣬֮ݵܵĻȻԶȻֹ
գѻȸ
һþӦ
Ȼˣʦұˡ
£ϫתƮȻ뿪ݵʺ͹һ뿪
뿪ȺԶֿһ·˸裡


1204 ѧԺ
ϫݵ뿪󣬾ʹǱʺ͹Լ
д۵ЩӦòԼ鷳ҪŬΪԺ׼ˡ
ϥڶУϫŽշһУܹƶϳһϵеսĻ󣬱Ȼָʹ
Ҳض룬Ȼɡ
ҺãڵѧԺ磬ƵƵңֻһֵˡ
Сʦ˵Ķԣӵ˵ѧԺѧһݣҪԸʱܵƣѧԺʱ䣬ץʱԼǿ󡣡
ʱ䣡Ƿȱľʱ䣬Ǳǿ󣬻չϵıҪץÿһʱ䣬ϸоѾ߱вǵͷʱֻ¾ͻ᲻һдҡ
˼ãϫһɫ±ƽתǳ硣
һݵս˴ֵؼһٲ˷֮
ҪģǼ֮󾡿Լս

ڳϫ±չصͬʱйݵеһϵսϢҲͬ˳һ㣬ɢ
Ժһˣ
λд޽ڰʦ֣ݵ۵ʱҲĶ֣˵ɾڣٲȻѶ£޵֮ڡ
˭
׳գȻǳϫ
ֹۣԺڴӵԺԺؾԺȵȵطһʯǧˣóϫҲ죬Ϊѧͽϰ֪

ͬ޵УǺǣڽѧԺֿʱɳΪߵֿУһ㣬Ϊһ
һУŸոմϢȻʧЦҲ֪ʲô૵ֻģܷ֮ˡ

ϳ֣ϧô˳ϫ磬͵ʴףЦ֮
ؾԺһŸɾɭһͩǲؾԺϯϰ̫ȵǱ֮ء
̫ȣҲǻһλѴ֪µϻ˵֣ʵɲ⣬ͷѧԺҲ֪
ŵԺֻһλѧʱ̫ȾǲؾԺһλϰ֮ϣҲֻвؾԺһλϯϰһλ档
һƬͩĵطλϻ̫Ǳ֮أͩ֡Ϊϻҡ壬ûеõ˸̤˵ء
ɴʱһϮȹѵϥһǵͩ£һ鴫Ѷ鿴
֮ɲôóģʣʱ䣬ܷٴһ漣ΣԺûλһɾ̫ˡ
üԶȺɽϣһĨ˼֮ɫ
Ϳʼ֮ɣҸյõϢǸСУڸղ̤֮ǰ޽Լ
ͻȻһ䳹Ƶ쳹öչȪȴһĹϡϢ
һ𣬷̤֮
һɫѻָž΢΢׵ڷģ֮֮

ʲôʱԺҰɡ
ؾԺ¥ڣһ롢ɳơͳȴ͸һϵ
ںܼ򵥣ÿһȴųɰǧ仯ԵüΪأ໥һ㡣
νÿһҹһҲΪ֮еķţȫ֮ϣܿܿ
棡
¥⣬ڵصİɫ΢΢һ䣬
ȥɣδ̤Ժ֮ʱ̤˼һ
¡һһ͸ϵϢһϯЮסϵİ˲Ϣʧڵ¥⡣

ĶԻֹϣҲǰʮѰ׺ٹ̵ˣҲյԸгߵĶ
ԶеӵܣڽѧԺ֮󣬾ȷĿ꣬չس̣Ϊм֧֣ȫȥѰӵǰ㣬²

ʵɽ
ɽλӵѧԺԺͨһͷĶΧһ½ذ㡣
ɽ֮ϣһͨʯʢԣɢһĪѹ֮ɽ
Ǵ޽
ʯϣҫһ⣬Ϊһҫ
ʱһ°ɫɮ£ɮˣŲȽ˲Ϣִͨʯ֮¡
ˣԷɣĿ⣬ɨʯ棬ɨһ֣ɫžʼնδκα仯
ˣ
ǰһ䣬籡һƥײͨʯ֮ϣһ
һӲӵĹâشʯײ˲Ϣʯмλãͷδ
һʮ
ڶʮ
һʮ

գһͣ˵ʮλϣⱬһ쳹һϵĵɣʮԺвһ꣡
һͬԲ֮ϣ֪Դȴͬ쫷һɢ˷ԽɽԺ쳹
ĻȻ˷
ʲô޽ʮ
ɾȻǿŸսѧԺʱɣһٽ֮ǿ˴޽ʮˣ
̬ôˣղһϫһս춨ͬ޵еĵλŸչãɾȻһԾɱ޽ʮˣ
˷͸𾪺;̾
ʱԼɫȴǲգҡҡͷƮȻȥ
꣬ٴβԣͿǰʮ֮ˡϫϣԺʱҲܲμӣһֶԭҵĵһģ

죬ԺκһѧԣעǷͬѰһ졣
ϫսݵѧԺ
ɽ֮޽ʮ
ҩͰ㣬һȻ󲨡
ҲЩԺ˲Сѹڴ޽ǰʮĴڣμԺ˵ڼʶһĿɼҲǲи
Ժˣֻд޽ǰʮܲμӣͼϡ٣ٴǿҪٵʮ֮ˡ
Ҳˣ쿪ʼ־ڲԺ˵ĵӣԶһˣҪôչزҪôĥʵĿĽԶΪ˾ʵʹʧһԺĻᡣ
һУϫڱչأԼļƻץÿһʱŬС
ͬҲע޷ȥ
Ϊضûãٴǰݷãһóϫ޷ܾҲ޷ˡ


1205 
óϫ޷ˣȻкܶ࣬Ȼ֮һ
һϮȹЦֶİ㣬ϫΪʵôʱˣ
Ȼ֮ǰȥ㣬ҶΪ㻶ֲҵĺá
ϫӣȻѡ
ҵһЩеʱɡգգ۾
ϫʼ磺ôˣôô
ЦˣȻġ

ɵĺƯˣǰ㣬һϲҪ̡
һֱ˵Լ⣬ٷѧھ£еߣҸоҲܵˣڳԼȴȻյ벻Ч
˶٣ȻλᣬɾҪȵԺˣʱԴֻѱϷִҪһЩ֮žͻȽѡ
ϫȻüãԴ»ûʲôͷִٽԼֻ¡
˵꣬ͱЦŴϵģǻôֲòμԺˣ£ͰѴ˳Ҳɰ
ϫŰ㣬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԴʶԼڱܰİҪʱȴκεԴǡжȴ޷һ
Դ˿ͱ쳣
˵˵ɣԼһʲô֣ö¶Ͳùˡ
ŤͷܿϫĿ⣬Ц˵
֣
ϫעʱתƣü˼ãտЦֵ̯ǲҪˣڰ׿Ҹ̫ˡ
һЦЦĶĿȷҶ׿ƽ
ϫȻаֶѣԽܻԽá
磬ͽСˡɣһڴųϫ
ˣϫҡͷѧԺΪµĿɲֹһôֻ»ճµĲ
˵⣬ԱߵİͻȻʲô۾һǾͽгˣǳ֮гΪϣȡۣ֮⡣
ˡ
ϫҲһԼõǳ¾̳֮˶˵ǳӡǳ֮ͨ
ƺȷǳԵ֡
Ǿôˡ
ϫ⶯ӦȻȻȥ𼱻ǵӣȻǴץʱΪϫȥˡ
ѾͷԼ鶼ġ
ϫŰ뿪ķȴӿһĨԵů
ϫȻ֪ԼκͰ֮һԺֵӰкε֮Զ
˿̵ֻǵѧԺԺһѧأҪΪԼǰ̱Ŭ
ҲǴ찢뿪󣬳ϫ㳹׽չء

УС»Ϣ
ڶҹͣȡ׬ȡֵҲˣ粻ᣬΪϫĲμԺˣǰ˼ȫ׬ȡֵϡ
˶Դ˰һΪԺ֮ʣһǿĶ֡
˶ԴʧΪϫڲҵԼĵ;
Ҳ˺棬׳ϫ˷׬ȡֵΪʲôΪ˶һĳǹ
֮ܶ˶֪ϫһֱ׬ȡֵȴû֪ϫıһֱڱչأһֻǵڶ
䣬ȥӳϫѧԺһ̿ʼ֪һȥǳ磬Ҳѹȥꡣ

һ죬ǳУڱĿĳϫ͵۾һƽԨ
ɺѴﵽԲ磬ϧɲһû뵽֮ԿԽ
ϫü૳
һֱڱչأʱһֱڴΪֻһСֵʱڷͲ޼񹂵Ĵϡ
ֱδסһɽƹش֮
ƿصĸִ壬Ϊ򣬲Ҳֹܹ֮еʩչǴ޼˷硢סϴ֮
ƾսٺͱѹƾϣԿɽ塣
ϧǳ羲֮ãû֮ܽ
֮ɵеһˮ룬ͺñʿ֮ѿԽһУǾ߱۰һʵɽҲԳƵˡ
֮Σ졢졢졣
֮á족֣ԢҲԣÿһΣͷƿԽһء
ΣҲ򵥵سоͺ󾳡
ޣޣƺ죬ʼգ֪ɺѰɻΪɡ
ǹϵ϶Դ֮һֲ˵֮첻ɲ⣬ûκη˳ͨУҪ룬ΨпԵ
ֻҪɹ֮ܽͬ٣⴩գַϡ
ʧˣữٽٵɵܹҲ֤ˡ
ɴ˱ɼ֮ǺεԽڵѧԺԼ޽ɣǸһ򣬴޽ɶԳΪһƿɳˡ
򵥵ڣ޽յǡ޷򡱣Ǵƣ޽֮£ϰǴ
ϵƿУѾ޽ɺɡֿ
ϫĿǰ״ǣɾԲ֮ƣѴҪͱѰһ֮ͨ·һ·κεжġ
Ϊǲ֮أΪһ·ҪԼȥÿһ·Ҳǲͬġ
ɹӲѰʧܵӿԽⷢʲôɣ
ϫԼһ·УȱȱҩȱԺʣΨǷȱľʦųָ㡣
ָ㣬оϣͺñڳ֮ʱϫֻԼȥ򣬶ʦָ㣬ԸһЩϵľ飬ԹԱһЩ·Լʱ䡣
ǡ·ءС¡ڡ
ʱǰؾԺȥһµ¥ڵĵ伮ˣӦⷽ鼮ɹġʵڲУͻһЩֵѧԺһЩϰָһҲã뵤ԺԯЩϹŶ϶ܾԼġ
ϫ˼Σ㼴𣬾Ժ˵ʱֻʣһ꣬ǳ꣬Ҳ֮·ӵٶʱҲȻ
Ե֮ҵһֱͨ޵·
ৣ
ϫӶ뿪ӰһֱӳؾԺɳ۶ȥ
ؾԺǵѧԺԺ֮һŵѧԺѼø鼮ֹйеģҽࡢ黭һ鼮ҲӦоУҶǵĹ±Źżֵ
ȻؾԺ¥ĵ伮ͬҪֵģݵ伮ĲͬɵֵĿҲͬ
ҺãϫһԣҲĽ¥ʱᱻ


1206 
ؾԺ
⻹ǳϫһ̤˵أȥһϻֺĽ
ЩеĴɽ֮ϣеĴɺ֮ϣеƯڰ֮ϣεΪ׳ۡ
Ҹһ˵أܵһؽ޲֮䣬ԳϫԷ֪Ҳǽᵽһ˿ΣյϢ
ɣԼڴ˵ҴֻһɲǾͻᱻɱ
Ǹˣԣ˵ľ㣬ҪΪָԽ𣿲󲻹ֻҪһǧֵҾͿ԰ҵҪĵ伮
͵أһһֻ߸ߵ٪帡ֶ뷢ѩף۾䣬ǺЦΪš

ϫؾԺУһЩ鼮Ϊ̺ϵУҹ֮ܵϴʱˣͻᵮһЩ
Щս̸϶ѧʶԨڲؾԺղصĵ伮඼ȥͱġ
ǰ
ϫ˹֡
ʱ䶼ΪԶЩ̫µѧԺеĽϰһǰҵ
ǵһǰؾԺʶңбţѴʮǧٶʮһһ£ƺһǰҲ޲ס
٪٩٩̸Ȼϫǫѷ̬ȡ
Ҳ²£СһɺڣԺӵܣһԺ֮գôؾԺȻҪѰҳ֮ķඡ
ǵѧԺĲؾԺȻų֮أȻҲȱйس֮ĵ伮ԼȥѰ٣ֻһҲҲ
˵⣬ָԶһ۴αȵĹϽ㿴Щǵ¥ÿһ¥伮ϰ򣬿ƺǺָ㣬Ƿ鼮Ŀ¼Ҫȥ㲻ʱ䡣
߶߶˵˺ܶ໰ϫĻشȴҪֱ࣬ó£Էǰָ㡣
Ȼ¶һӿɽ̵ı飬ָһ˵һϫѱ۵һǧֵ
ȥɣСһʮ¥ڱйش֮ĵ伮ҿ㣬е伮ǰܽľ飬ķţԼȥ򡣡
Цнһ䡣
лǰ
ϫ˹֣תɳ۶ȥ
СһҲֲûСӰɽҲڸˡ
ųϫ뿪ķһ˲Ϣƾʧԭء

ؾԺһڹϵĹС
ৣ
Ÿֶ߸ߵտֺޱȵĴԵüСȻЩ
ֻ˿飬ȴǴһ˿η֮ɫ
ô
ͻȻһϡĮϵڿտĴ쳹
ڣ޷塣
üڣӦ֪˵ġԴž֮壬֮ܿ̽Сһģȴټ֮
Ʋʲôԭ򣿡һϵĬãٴ
ԭкܶ࣬ҸоĿܾǣĳ֣֮ͨڡ
üͷȻҲпĳֲ֪ڣ΢΢̫ҲֻһСӵ
֮Դˣ֮ģҲҲ٣˵Ļ˱ǻվĳһԺԺȼĴڣ
һϵЩͳҲһԴȵС
ϵ˵ԺģҲӦɽС
ͻȻ
˻һһƬš
ֱãһϵþòԣ̲סҿΪУʵǣҪĥʯĥкᣬôֻ»òʧ
ĥʯ
ȻŵĻǲϵٴ𣬴һĨԵĸȻڣܻɽôĥʯ
˵⣬һתӴĵˣԶ޷ͻƣվҲѳɴһܹ֮˳Ժ
ŻȻ̧ͷġ
ˣʱ˵ɡ
գһϵδʲôȷ𸴣ŲЩʧ˹֣ת뿪

ؾԺڵĵ¥кܶ࣬飬ŵָ㣬ϫɻ˲ʱ䣬ҵ˵ʮ¥λá
ص¥һߣϫֱԵһ伮һǧֵ伮ǧֵ伮ɰǧֵǰ㣿
ϫǲײس鴤һ£ȷû뵽ڵĵ伮ÿһȻҪǧֵ
Һãĵڶһҹȡÿɵж٣һ꣬Ҳ׬ȡ˴ֵټϴݵ׬ȡֵӵֵ߰ҲһʲƵĲƸˡ
лǰָ㣬Ҫǰ㡣
ϫ˹֡
ȥɣÿĵ伮ʱѧԺͻԶ۳ֵҪҷģñ۳ֵ֪
߻˻֣óϫ˵¥

¥ԳǬÿһ㶼һСǳˣĿƤ񲯡򡭡
һ룬ͷһƬĺ𺳡
Դ﷭ĵأֻ¸ô꣬Խľ˰ɣ
ǵ̲ͬˣһ·УκζҪԼŬȡЩŴӵܣһͽɽ磬׸鵤ҩ̷ʦųָ㣬ؿɹģлһЩѡ
ÿ˶ÿ˵·ҪߣУԶֽ湦ǷȱԴڵ;ϵĥºʹȴЩӵ޷ġ
Ŀɨĸֵص伮ϫҲǸп࣬ܿ˼ֱȥ
֮ڣصĵ伮ͬࡣ
ϫִʱȴЩط֣вԺӵܶУӶ࣬һЩӰ
ϫѰٹ̡ԯʵˣҲһǰķϵĵ伮
Щ˺ԼһҲ˴֮żǰѰǣֻҲҪһԺˡ
ϫ˼
ϫ
ôҲˣ
ףǳ֮ϫ
ϫĵҲ˵ע⣬һЩȻܿ죬ԭЩڲ伮ѧҲ׷̧ͷĿ˳ϫɫвͬ
ϫ֮
û뵽һʱ䣬Լֶһν֮
ߣʲôˣֱҲӵʮԱѣ滹ԣѧһȣֱϲ̨档
߳ԵüΪͻأ
ϫüȥȻͿһʱһǰһмسԼЦ


1207 ϲ
ƣüֻ
ϫĴȴܼ򵥣ֱԯʣ¥𣿡
˻һɫ䣬Щؿϫ浣ĳϫ᲻һеһ١
УһԪͻᴥƣĻһ٣Ҳᱻ¥ڲ̤һ
ԯҡͷ
ϫЩʧ̾˿˵˲㣬ǰݵս˵սҿԾܾ㣬һһġ
˵գתһһȥôԷһۡ
ڴˣ˶Цؿ
ǣ㣬϶ʲ
ԣ˾ͷս
ˣҿûͳϫģҲֻᶯƤӡ
ԯȶӵܣηԼ˻ᣬʱϷʡ
ɫһܵһĪ裬ȥսϫȴ򲻸ҵģգһʹҴ뿪˵¥
ĻˣòҪμӵһԺˣһÿʲôΪԼˣֱǻˣ
зŭ

ϫǳ˲˵ô
뿪֮ԯʾֱ˹ϫԺ˭֪˵Ĵڣ֪жԴҲҪȥء
ϫԴ٩ôֻʮԱ
żˡ
ԯҲЦˣڳ˵齨ҼСҪżܸߣɲ˭ܽģ뾭ؿˣСϿɲС
ˣϫЩȻˡ
ԣ볽˵ģȱףĳЩļϸԣٺʺʵ
ԯ٩٩̸Ψˣܱ֤˵ĸι̣ҲΪԺԶչ񣬳ѱΪǱѧ֮һֹԺԺҲŲС
Ҫǣܽ볽ΪܶĿ꣬Ѿγһɷ糱ŵԺ֮󣬳˱ȻѸ׳ѧԺǿС
ϫû뵽һʱ䣬Ѿѳ˷չزˣԾ֮࣬ҲΪݡ
öлˡ
ϫһ˵»ԼȥֻҲûаɫˡ
ˣǸǿʲôϫʵ
ŶѧԺһٸѧȽԺܿһΪ¹񡯵ʯϱ߱һٸѧ
ԯʿڽ͵ҲѧԺѧһֹϾܹѧԺ߳ӵܣδɱΪɽһƿغͼԦҲǶѧһĥº
ϫȻһ׵˵ѧԺĴڣɽкεȵĲֱɽ綥˲ҡ֮ء

ԯһ󣬱㼴뿪
ϫҲǽ˼ϣʼϸϸ
¼̫䣬ѧԺϯϰ֮˲ɶ֮±
۴ʮ⣬Ժ֪֮¼ʮֽ֮ϡ
̫ʵƪ
߼
ͼס
ص伮ǹȫһйش֮ĵвбۣǰ͹˶һ֪ע
ϫǵλߵѣûȥĵ伮ֻһصֺͽܣһ޴ѡĸо
û취йس֮ĵ伮ʵ̫࣬Ҳ̫ȫˡ
ҽȷĵױעġޱԴԼƸС׫дһƾۡ
ͻȻһ߸ߵ٪ƾո֣ڳϫǰЦָ㣬һϵСӻ᲻֪ѡģ
ȻҲ˲鿴Ժµһݴޡָ壬Ҽǵõǲⲿָ壬һƾ޵ġ
ϫŤͷ˿ܣֲע⵽ŵĳ֣ǰһףŵΪȻҲɲ⣬˵ؾԺеһϹŶ
лǰָ㡣ϫ֡
ҿɲǰָġЦ˵
ϫᣬְ½Է
ϫٴûʱͷ֣ȻһֵǵʱƵس鴤һ£Щû뵽ҲЩۡ
żϫģûСӣռ˴ˣ뻨ֵָ㣬һӦء
ϫаֹ˭֪ǲ˵ġ
ϫɶԷǲͬ˵ǣɱѧԺѧϾһƺԼ̫ˣν޹ڣǼ鼴ϫɲϵڱǡҵԼͷ顣
ְæһˣƸҿֵ벻СһҲˣôء
ҡͷ̾Ϣһʧģ˵ʧٶȿɲǲȳϫٴοڣ˲Ϣƾʧ
һЩ϶ƭ˲ˡ
ϫȴоŲˣܿԺʼ˳һܣѰ
ȷһ£ǡޱԴƾۡݴޡǷֵֵˡ
ܿ죬ϫҵһǵױעġޱԴⲿزǳԵֻ֣֮ɵעͲġ
֮һޱԴֵʱ䣬ӦûҪ̫ŵ֤֮ǰ
ԭܼ򵥣עͲǺ˶Թ˵伮һ֪ڹ͡
ʱϫ΢΢һ𶯣ˣ
ȻǷˣ
ϫо񱻶һʯӣǧˡ
ѧԺһǰѵ̫ŵҲͷǰһ˿ԨԴɣ
ϫڸо±ſֵܹǰµһʱҲֵˡ
ϾԴϰ֮мǳǳǷ֮ϸ˵ϫɽ״֮һ
ʱܿһأȻһľϲС
һҳ
ৣ
ֱ۳˰ǧֵ
һ£óϫѲ٣ЦȻҪѧԺеõʲô͵øʲôĴ۰
ϫȴǹ˲˼Щȫ伮е
ߣ֮΢ԣܻơ֮
˾ϣ棬ڤڵ΢֪
ͨڣÿһ֣ÿһʻж̺ߵУϸϸĦԴһ֮Ʒǧصϡ
ԳϫĳԣҲÿһ䣬׽ã·ȥٹĦȥ
ǵģϫδĦʵעͲֱӹĦ𡶴ޱԴԭģĶȻԼԴ֪
ҲΪ˵Ƚһ伮͸ٰԼк͵עһһӡ֤
һͿջ񵽸
νͨ˵


1208 ɾ
¥ڰ
ÿһӵܶھŲͬĵ伮ϫҲ⡣
ԲزֻϬһѰٵͨ޵ĵ·һƹطҡϡ
ƾҲзյġ
ڳ֮ʱһѡ·ȱ©ͻܻ֮٣ܹҲһ̤;
ԶԴһؿǽԸµӵܣҲޱȣһ˿
ϫȻҲκδ⣬Ҳ˶ǣԼĵġ
һ̵ʵѸûϾȥƾ飬Ϊȫ񣬶ѱޱԴеУ԰Ρ
Է˵ױ׫ǶԴ֮Դص֪ƾ֮ϣȴܹò߶Դ֮һʵ֪
е̸ϼѻɬȴǲһһϦܽ䳹׳͸
˿̵ĳϫǻȻʱ֮š
һ¡
˴¥УһЩѧһЩѧΨϫϥԭأȻһܵĵ񣬾
𣿡
ǣҲǡ
ҲòȡɣЩǷвٶɵġ
Ź֣ڵ¥ȡϫǲư
Ҳѹ̫ҪþͽʼԺˣֲԸ׬ȡֵĻᣬΨˡ
ϫĳӵܣֻѽǷɡ˦ԶԶˡ
ǰЩӵܲΪ׬ȡֵǳһĳ֮ͿˣóϫκǱȡˣ˵ǰǰ޽ǰԣҲͬǰʮˡ
ţҲ˵ˣѰ׺ˣڡɾֻһأҪʼ޽ˡ
ֻʣ²һ꣬Ժ˾Ҫʼˣɳϫȴδ̤֮ż
һǰֻɳһҪ֮Ҷоûʲôϣ
֮Ǿȴɡ
¥ڣֻҪϳϫݵģ޲һۣ۵ݣҲͲþͽݵԺйء
ϾʮһȵԺޱƽԺеҲǱţʱʱ̶̿ӵܵʵɽϣĦ޽ı仯
ҲвٵӼӽʵҪôֵһһЩɱҪôֵһһЩսĵҩνֶξ޲ΪμԺ׼
ΪҪμԺ˵Ψһ׼ǡ޽ǰʮ
ϧֱ񣬳ϫֶûڴ޽ϣ˵ǰʮ֮ˣԭȻܼ򵥣δƾ֮
Ҳ˲Ժӵܵע⣬˵ǣ˲ΪȻ϶ϫһעԲ뵽еġ
ϾһǰֻɳҪԺ֮ǰͽ֮ϣʵ̫СΪ㡣

ڽ¥ĵڶ£Ƶĳϫ۾ͫһƬ죬ɫһ״̬
ȻޱԴ£ѰٵƸġƾء͵Ժġݴޡ

¡
ϫ伮Ĳϣü˼ҹ𣬿ʼ¥ء
̫ʵƪ
߼
ͼס
һεķĺͲ֮ǰͬϫٶԱ죬Ǵﵽ˺˵ĵزÿһӣһ伮䷭ϡ
һĻҲӵܵĲ죬𾪡
֪ܱ޴ڵ¥ڵĵ伮޲ǵ֮أ̺޾УѰӵÿһ£ҲԲ͸
ԳľҲϫ㣬һӾͽһ伮Ϥġ
ʱϫı֣ԵüΪۺ˷ѽˡ
ϫһò߻ħ˰ɣ
ӦǶԺ־ڱصõģɾٳ޷֮ʧ˰ɡ
ôȥɶĵдҪҪȥȰȰ
٣ƾ㣿˿һɾڶ£ʲôʸȥȰ˼ң
һеۣϫţһֺ㶨ٶڷһԲͬǰʹĵ伮
һֱ˵˵ĸ¡
һ죬ش˴¥ĺҲҴ㣬Żĵ伮ĳϫüͷ
ججζ߻ħף
ΪؾԺһϰڿص¥ЩУʶ˲֪ѧڴȴûһϫ״
˵ϫ߻ħƫƫֲ
üͷջǳһֶѧΣĿǣȥѳϫһ便ô¡
ҪϫʱȴͻȻֵסѵ˵Ƹ
һ仰úȻֹ¶һĨݣԺֳƸڴ˷ĵ伮龰
ͬҲϫ㣬ĵ伮ͬۻ߻ħڲ伮İ
ֻǵȻѴﵽ˷˼ŵĵزԵú˵״̬ȫһ
ƸѧԺܹٳһλƸֻҿ϶ʳѰ
Ҳʲôɫһ˿˸Уҡҡͷת뿪
ϼһʲô϶ǵڶƸƸҲûô
̾˿ӳϫãٴƾʧ

ڽ¥ʱϫͣжפԭأ˼
һֱעųϫһѧԶûɵذһƺϫȥܲƵġ
оͰԯʡ
Уʱ¥һǲ伮Ҳʱ̹עųϫ״ϻʲô⡣
֮ôȻڰ⡣
ϫҪȥ
ע⵽ϫҪ뿪¥ԯʵʱѣæȥʵ
ݵԺɾ
ϫɫƽüһ˿Ȼ֮ɫûдһصĲгѹ
ѾѰٵƾ֮;𣿡
ԣԯһǾ۵ؿųϫ
仰һҲ𸽽ӵܵע⣬һ𾪲ѣ׷׽Ŀɨ˳ϫ
ϫûע⵽Щ˵ͷתȥ˿ӿΨгô˻ᣬǰǻɾһһʵܽ䳹ա
ʱƾʱ
ϫͷԯڵӵܶһڵ¥ʱ䣬ƾ޵;
ֱǲ飬Ͼʵ̫ѣƾԵԣ츳׿ûһݻԵԣҲǸ޷֮ż
ɳϫã˲ʱ䣬ҵͨ޵;ȥѧԺһȻ󲨲ɣ
ȵȣҸһȥ
ϫӰʧڣԯæָȥɲϴϫ޵ʱ̣ܹĦһԺ֮ҲŲ洦ġ
οҲȥʶһǻɾˡ


1209 ؿʼ
ɾ
һɵԿٵĺƴصĿռ䣬רΪĥµ׼
ৣ
һεӰƲ񷣬ת˲˻ɾڴ
һ϶ĵ̳̳֮ϣʱвӰפ㣬˷вӰϷӶ
ǵ̳ǰһƬڵ״ռ䣬Ťͨɾڡ
ǻɾô
ϫԶŤеĿռ䣬ŴɢĿֲҲǰ࣬ɽ磬ޱȣʾȻӲڴ˿ٳһƬƴռ䣬רΪĥԺڵãֶͨΣɲǳܹġ
õܣһǰɾЩɾڹһ˲ռ䣬ǰʮΪΪ׼мʮΪ޽׼ʮΪʥǿ׼
ǿ߽Уɰʮֵ޽һٰʮֵʥɣÿһΣֵ
ԣʮֵҲһʲСĿˣڽʱҪȫԸҲƵؼ¼ֻҪܳʮ˲㹻ˡ
ڳϫפԱߣһλԼõܽɾҪע
ϫѾӲٵ伮˽⵽ڻɾеĥ£һͻƵķʽڵһʱһԼʵĵˣڵڶΪ
ֱͨʮ㣬ʵܹɱ䵽һԲ״̬ڳΪƿһ⣬Ų˼Ļá
ôԺвӵַܶͨʽսңĥ£̤֮ġ
ϫͬҲɾսɡ־ҪĻھӵܱƵ޵Ǳ˵ΪʵûãϾǻɾеĶ֣ʵ൱ԼʵߣֵʵҲͬˮ׼
ԭһһҲˣֲԶ;Щ죬ĪǴսɾԴ޾磿
ʱһ𣬴һĨϷʺͳ
˻һϫʱоĿⶼͶԼϣ΢΢ü̧ȥͿ۾İԶԼһľ֮ɫ
϶ˣҿ˵ʱǵһһֱȡȻΪɾ׼ģϾһοɶûѰʮֵ
ڰԣһϮ۵Ľ׺ҲЦڣֵҶȻ㲻ʲôɶԳϫ˵ɾЩˣǳֵ֮»ʮҪշЩԽҲпԭġ
˵ĺȴ¶һĨڽ֮ɫڳ˶УԸ泰ϫûʲô
˸оͽ׺Щ֣ȴ˸ҳָû취һĲᣬһϹߴҽϵӵܣ죬˭Ҳȥǡ
ڴˣϫֻǳĬؿ˰ͽ׺һۣԺʱϣλڣ̫û˼ˡ
仰˵ģ˵˰ȻԲˡ
˵գתһͳǵ̳ǰ״ռڷɳ۶ȥ
Ťпռܣƺһ㵭νƣϫӰڽʱֻ˵һ£Ǳ۳ʮֵҲ˲Ϣʧ
ߣԲѣԺʱд裬ҵ뿴һֻʣ²ʱˣܷ֮
ϫǰǾ仰Ц
Ǻǣˣ֮޽ǰʮҲǲμӲԺ˵ġ
׺ΪȻЦ
ˡ
ڴʱ̳һ࣬һŵʯϣ͵һĨ⡣
ʲôѰȻͨؼ¼λеʮˣ
Ⱥһ궯˷
ͨʯΨʱڳϻɾʮĴڣʸλϣʯϽгǰʮ֡
ǵһȻƸʱʮϢʱ䣬ռŵһλö֪£˴¼
һҪǣܹ˳ͨأֳͨʯϵӵܣÿһ¶Իʮһ򲻵ȵֵ
ȻһͨʯɲζԣǵһλãƸɾʱͨɾʮĳɼ
ʯڵʮ㣬ʮڻֱһŸ߲εͨ
Ҫͨʯϣֻһ취ǾǴļ¼Ȼλϡ
ڰǼھǷɣ벻һһһǿӲռͨʯĸϯλǰδ֮£˲ð
Ǿ̾۲ݡ
ߣ
ɫЩ׺ɫҲòȥ߸մӻɾгҲ˳ͨǰʮؿϧʱ̫δܳͨʯϡ
˵ǳϫܷͨʯϣ
ɲ˵ˣϾڻɾУʵԽǿ־ԽǿҪͨأĻսֶΡ־ԼǱĴС
ҵǸоϫϣˣȥݵһϵս֤սǺε֮ǿ󡣡
Ҳôá
˵ͽ׺һЦǲδ뿪أһҪϫܴﵽεȲεģ
Ȼһ
ʱ߻һݹ⣬ԯʣĿһɨܣû˳ϫӰʱһض㣬̾Ϣѡ

䣡
ϫɾʱֻǰһţ¡¡ǵصس
ȻǷ
ϫ̧ͷͿһƬƴĿռ䣬ûκϢţǲϣһشƺˣױԵǺˡ
Ƹƾۡе˵ؾеһУһ֣ὫֵĶ֣ʵҲ־ΪһͶӰսʤ֣ʵսʤԼҲ𡭡
ϫ˼⡣
ʮ󣬴ؿʼһĮȻ޸ؼ
ϫһݣһʱɱ
ڵ¥ʱ䣬ĵ伮°ٲƾҲԵ뷨
ǰɾҪĥ£ͻңԼڵ¥һУΪԼ
ƾ޵Ĺؼ
ˣ
ʮת˲ţһڳϫǰǧ֮⣬۳һӰһˣΪ־һƶͳϫ൱ģȴģһƬ
ϣ
Ƽ䣬ظһɽӰһֽɱһ־ɱУ籼ףɨʡ
һֳϫİĽʽȴӹɵǿͳϫһųʦ
ৣ
ͬʱϫҲˣɽգΪһĨ磬ŶԷĽȻһѺͶֽ
ۣ
˵ͷ­ɣ˵ӰҲǻһƬϸĹ⣬Ϊޡ
һͷɣ


1210 
һ֮䣬ʤѷ֡
һĻ˿Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ȼǻɾһ۶ɣΪʵȴǺʹ൱
ơ־ǴһͶӰϫȻ˸ɴһնɱֻ֣֤սֶΡѴﵽͬз˼ĵز
ʵҲȷˣվǻӵгϫǵȷḻսɱֶΡ
һزѣʵ൱ΪҲʦ룬ϧսȴйоأûκɫ
ϫĬĬ˼ź˵ս
һسɼһϢʱ䡣
һĮȻ޸
ˣ
δ£ȻһƬɫϼһһʧԭء
ϫٴ۾ʱǳ˻ɾڶ㣬˵غ͵һƣϫʱ˵Ⱥڴˡ
ৣৣ
콣նɱ
ɱϫ˲ܣӭ˳ȥ
ۣ
ۣ
˽
һ̣˵նΪأĸɴ䣬ǰֻ¶Ӧ˵ϫѹ֡
ڶسɼһϢʱ䣡
ǵĮ޸ٴ
ԳϫսɾȻһ·ͨ裬ÿһ㣬ͻᱻֱӴһ㣬ͬʱйĴسɼҲᱻһһ¼
㣬ͳϫΪʵ൱ĺˡ
Ĳ㣬ĸ
㣬
ֱӺ󣬳ϫһɱ뵽˵ʮ˲㣬Ķ֣ѺȻʮ˸ʵ൱ĺˣ
Ҳǵ˴ʱϫԸܵһ˿ѹŻ˲ٶȡ
ճϫ֪ɾǰʮУԵʮ˲Ϊˮ룬϶ֵʵΪޱ仯ϵѹȴʼ𵽾صá
ʮ˲㣬ϫĶֱʮ˸Լʵ൱ĺˣʱѿʼ໥ϣԲ֮սȻ

ɾ⡣
ͨʯһ࣬һڣϱʮɫƣŻɾʮؿ
ϫɾʱѸΪһöɫţʼֱʱǵִʮ˲㡣
ӣʮ˲㣿
һֱעϫصӵܿһĻ̲סš
ҲɫԶЩ͡
ҼǵãһЩѧԺϹŶԣƸʮ˲ʱɼƺҲֻǰңѵ˵ϫڻɾеı֣ܿȵƸ
ٶ̫ˣǰЩĿ÷ɺͼڴ˴أǵ÷ɴʮ˲ʱ˰ʮϢʱ䣬˰ӾʮϢʱ䣬֮Աȣϫı֣Ǳ߸һ˿
ǵҲãλʮ˲ʱҲ˰ʱ䣬ڽĴУȴǲǷɣȻ˳ʮؿһ¼ȴֻͨʯھţԶķɡ
ؼĻҪڵʮ˲ϵĴسɼڻѿϫߵһ
۷׷ףԶԳϫճɼ˺棬ĬĬ¼ʱ䣬Ҫܹһȫ¼¼ˡ
ڴˣͽ׺ȴһһ
ߣٿ죬û취֮ҲûáգߣοԼ
ʮ˲ѣĿȥ׺ЦЦȴЦЩǿ
˵ͷٶ˵

ৣৣৣ
һɲĽڻɾʮ˲ݺύضǣһƬɭɭ硣
ɱ
ϫ˴ܼĽУսɷӵһ¸߶ȣнС׽СУͬˮ
ʯ֮䣬˭Ҳ֪׳˶ٽֻܿӰÿһ˸ͻһ˵ȥ
Ƭ̺
ʮ˹سɼʮϢ
Į޸𣬶ϫӰʧ
ϫһ·̽ɱ߸ͽȻʮ˲ϵĹؿѹԽԽ󣬵ȴ޷ϫˣȻ赲䲽
ͣ
ɾʮ㣬һһŹ걬ըһһ˱¾
ͬʱϫܵҲЩǱɫأиܵһĪѹ糱ˮ㣬˷ӿ
ʮУʮˣÿһʵȣһһǸ磬ԺɨԺӵˡ
ʱϫȴֻܹȥԡ
һؿ顣
һֶҼ޵ս
ҪѹҲھǱȳƵʮؿʱȻԳ֮ˣ
һ̣ϫ׽һ˿ǰֿɵãջסˡ
ƾѣֻҪƾȻҪﵽز
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ̵ĳϫսȣԣɽ绯ǿգǽǱ˴룬Ҫﵽ¡
¡¡
һֽ֮еӵĽգ籼ף쫷磬Хϯֱӽǰ˺顣
ͬʱϫת۱ܿһƬȻˣǱܿһƬϮܵͬʱϫɽδͣЪƵƵն
ͬȰӰɱޱȵĹƣ˷ֲܣڹ˵ǵսֶΣܣǹ޷
ۡ
ͷ­շ𣬳ϫȻֹϵһɽٴתͷʱѹֻʣһˡ
ˡ
ϫ΢֮£̽ʳָһ㣬һƥȥ
ʱɾ⡣
ʮϢʱˣϫҲ˵ʮ㣬Ƹʱƹصġ
ǹϣųϫĽɫųٳڵʮ㣬˶һƸоġ
ʮĺˣһĺϻ󷨣ʮĬôǿ߶һе˲ʱ䣬Եƴؼ¼
ʮ֮ϣеʮ㣬ǲԿԽһؿϫٵȥ˳ʮ㣬Ҳ޷ͨʯˡ
ԣҲһۣȻΪϫܹƴؼ¼ϣǲ
Ȼ
ڴʱǹϴŵʮĵɫƣȻȥͬʱǵʮķȴȻ
˵ʱһ¶ݡ
ͽ׺ȴɫһ˫ֲ߬
Ļῴ˿̵ĳϫ´ʮʱ䣬ҪȵƸһЩȴȷɡ˻ѵʱ䶼Ҫǰһ˿
ֻ֮Ҫϫڵʮɱսмܴһ¼¼
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ϫɵöסֻҪܰͨʯϣǳ˵
һ࣬ԯŹϵı仯ĿһգգȴӿһĨﲻѡ
һ̣ȫžһĬĬʱ䣬һߵȴųϫܷ񿪴һµļ¼


1211 Ž
ˡ
ɫϼһϫӰǳڻɾʮڡ
ͬʱһɷ纣ХĽƿ˷쳹ХֱҪ˺˵ĶĤ
ͬĽǵأʮС
Щˣβͬһ飬γһС󣬶ϳһ
乥ܡɱͬһʩչ
һѹͬʮɽѹڳϫϣ̼ͬȼգһƬ
ڵʮʱѹѱȵӳǱܣĶѽεս״̬
һ̣ܵһ޴ڵѹʱδеκβʣ෴üɱɫĮȻһԨľڴ˿̳ʣڴ˿̷â¶
䣡
ڣһ¯ʼȼա
Щڵ¥õ糱ˮӿͷ̼궼ڣһֲƵĳ嶯
ƾ
ǿң˿һһҪȼϫȫҪȫľԴȼա
ԶԶȥ˶ɢһɿɲϢÿһëжԣųƵĽɫϼ⣬˲ұӡ
벻ҲѹƲסֽˡ
Ҳգһ·սϴ񣬳ѪĴ߹˰׹ǶѪ·̤ʬµɽ塭ҽ֮ɾͣ޲ԴսգҲսƾ̤֮У
Уһźһ׵ȼ˳ϫ
䣡
Ȼ䣬һԵĽɫԣʥࡢءִһϢ
ڣ춴硢֮蹬̴ѨٻѨأһͬʱڣҪƱ˴֮谭һ
춴磬ǵﱾԴ֮أ֮ڡ
֮ɻ֮ŻĴ󴢴֮
أؾ֮ͨ
˿̣ͬ򣬾תͬڵ۽Х֫ٺ֮ڣǿɲϤֻ»˲ٵһƴɳǣ
¡¡
ڣȼգϫڴ˿̿ʼһ˵ɱ䡣
һ˵ʵֻһ˲䣬ϫɾʮʱѿʼ
ء
ʱ콣Ҳƿն
ϣ
ɽ֣ϫ͵̤һӲӵļʸһ貶ĿĲӰǵصĽһ
ۡ
һɲǣϫ֮ʮ˱ɽѹֽһ㣬ɢʧ
ɱ
ϫսȼ־̣̤գָأָ֮Ȼһ˷
һ̵ĳϫһ״̬Уսƾ֮䣬ǰһɡ
һĻǱ˿ֻ˭ҲţϾȻܹɱƾ֮
Ͼɽǿ߶ԣ֮֮Σգ֮Խ𣬰ɻΪɡ
£ǵʱҲҶԴд⣬׼㹻ֶΣʦųŸѡȥƾ
ɳϫãȻѡɱսƾޣ
ҲҺһĻǷڻɾУ˿öãѧԺ䶯ӳϫΪ̥ɡ
Ȼǰóϫܹƾɹ˿˿ٶҲûʲô
䣡
һִͨĽնٴξʮ˵ִݿֶΣֱɱ׺ﻹס
֮ڵʮʱս˿̵ĳϫȫһѹ״̬ɨϣâ
ȹؼʱ̣ϫҲδʧȥǣ˿̣ȫ仯ϣҲûϾȥעܱ仯
˷Ĺص㣬Ѷ첻κв
ʮأʮϢ
ڳϫһʱϣٿȻһĮ޸
Ȼ̧ͷͿһ֡
ͨô
ϫԺͷʱѱһϼߣʧǵʮС
ڵѧԺһؿռУһΰӰϥһʯϣǰԶһƬ嫵Ǻӡ
ȻΰӰȻ̧ͷܿ㣬һƬǺӣǳһ¡
սƾǣ˲𣡡

ڳϫһƬϼߵͬʱɾһϣŵʮɫưȥ
ϫˢʮ¼¼سɼϢλеһ
ͬʱǻɾڴռ͵һҷɢһ糿ĺİؼص
ȫȻ
̳ϵһӵܣ˿޲Ŀɿڴ
ǲŸոտϫʮУΪҪһЩʱ䣬룬ûǷӦսȻĻˣ
ϫĴسɼǲţһ¼¼һһٽǰռһ֪µƸӲǶһ
һ
ȵƸسɼʮϢʱ䣡
֮ǰ˭ĵ
ȻѸͨʯˡ
˲аĿ⿴ͨʯڣһλ滻ɳϫʱʱ
ͽ׺ɫޱȣǧ㣬ǻû뵽ϫȻܴһ¼һƸ޷ȼ¸߶ȣԳƵʷǰŽ
Ư̫ƯˣɼԺֻҲܹˣ
ԯܳĵΪ˿̶Ҳ಻ס֪֮ϫһУô𺳺;ϲ
ӵ𾪹Ҳ˷̸ܽеͳϵĴѶ򣬽йسϫƼ¼ϢԼ֪Ѵݶȥ
ߣƼ¼Σջ޷֮
ʱ˿̣ҲֻοԼˣû취ϫĳɼҲǸ˼ѹѵȻҪһŽһ¡
׺δڣɵĻʱɫҲ΢΢һȻ˿̵ͰҲһޡ
λеȺòã
ԣԯüÿڡ
˵ʵѵдб֮ҿ
Ц
ʱͻȻ˾ɳô£ϫΪûбͳѵѽ޽ɣ뵽ɾʮ߲֮أ
˻һڳŷӦ԰ϫ˿̾Ȼûбͳ
˰ĿһʱͿųϫֵһʧɳϫȴδ
ôֻһˣͨصʮ֮ѽ뵽߲У֪ʮ֮ϣʮ֮£ֻд޽ɲ̤
òڴһٽ޽˰ɣ˲ڣһĨڵ𺧣˵ĻԼԱƽ

ͽ׺ɫ˼£ѿ˼¡


1212 ƾΨս
ڵ̳֮ϣ޷ɾʮ֮ϵ龰ġ
Ҳˣ˿ϫٳδʱŻỳѽ֮ǰ˸ߵĲС
һƬɲУһλݵĽϰȻڣһﶨǳϫȻѽͨɾʮ߲ڴ
ȫ𺳣Ȼ
Ȼģ
ⳬԤϣ˭Ҳ벻Ȼܹڴн֮һмֱһ񻰹°㣬˲ʵ
ϾǿǴ֮
Ҫ֪·һĸż֪پž޵ľţżǰɽĴǿ߸ҳԳޡ
Щɹ֮ˣɡڽʱ˲֪ʱ׼ǻ೤ָ;飬ƾ֮ʱгһ໤вȡ
ϫȴڻɾƾ
϶ԣȻġ
඼࣬оλһһԣ֮ͺԷˮһ򵥣˲ɱྪ̾
ϣôˣ
ڳܹ⡣
ϫޱ£ѽ֮ˣλڻʲôҪ˵𣿡
һƬžУԯЦڣЦͽ׺ҲǽĿ׷˹ȥ
һӣͽ׺ɫֱ˱䡣
֮ǰǲųϫܹһµĴؼ¼󣬳ϫȴˣǶŽǰδе¼¼
ȻóϫԺ֮ǰ޷֮οԼϫֱڴн֮ͬ˼ȫ𺳡
һоһεĶɫһܡ
ԯʵʣ߾һʱ޷֮粵
ߣܹ뵽ԺʱٵɣգȻһ仰ͽ׺һת뿪
ԯʼˣȴ߲ѣ˭һ𲻺ãƫƫϽһ𣬹ȻۣȺ֡

ǻɾʮ͵ʮ߲֮䣬ͬһ̳֮Ӧģһͨʯһܹʱӳֵʮ߲֮ϣʮ֮´սĹڡ
ʱвӰפϣһϢ󣬰羪ˣԶŴ޽ˮ׼Ϊ
Ȼֻд޽ɲεĴڣִܵ
ˡ
һɫϼϯӳֳһӰԡȻɫԣϢӿ񱩣һ֣һƶʱһȻ
δ˿һӰģֻǰһһӰǳͨʮ߲ڣת˲ʧ
Ǽһ˭
ƺǡϫ
ϫôܣѵѽ֮ˣ
Ȼ֮󣬾һȻ
ЩˣһɫԺеĴ޽ӵܣ֮ǰݵʱҲϫ˵һЩ¼ҲϫŸոսɺڲʱ䡣
ԵղһͻأֵĽɫӰʱԼϳ˳ϫȴ
Ͼֻд޽ɲִܵĵطԴǶţŶ̶̲꣬ϫȻֽ֮ˡ
ˣ
ڴʱһӰڵ̳ϣһꡣ
һ֣ѷɿµλλڸղţǰʮļ¼ƣƸļ¼Ҳˣ
һ𾪣Ƹļ¼
ֹˣǼһﻹڴһٽ֮ˣأôûп
һ˵ţһ߷ɿһɨܣȴûзһӰһ
˵ľ˭
˷׷׿ѯʡ
ڵ˭ȻǸһϫ
ϫ
Ϥ֮ʱɫԶЩͣԭղһӰȻ
ƵƸļ¼ڴн֮⡭һﻹ𣿡˺Ȼš
ҲһĨ𾪡
Ψ꣬𼱻ʵλǿɿϫˣұܱĳˡ
ȥʮ߲ˡĲɴ
ȥȥʮ߲㣿
һ£ֵˣڰ˵òỹҪһˢǰʮļ¼ɣ
ܻףٳԾڳϫ֮ǰı֣ɵʱ̲סЦ
¼ôƣм¼ɲǰʮ㣡
ʮ֮µͨʯϣûһԺӵ֣ܵʮУҲֻԺӵܣ˸֣ɶѳΪһˣ
㿴Ժӵ֣ܵһꡤ裬һԨҶƣһЩ֪ǰϹŶ֣˵ս֮ĳϫһٴһ¼¼Ҷţ
ۣе𾪵ɢ١
ΣǿɵץʱʵˣԺУɡѰѽ֮ǰ߸޽ǰʮ֮УЩʧ
üڣ磬ðһϫ˵Ժֻʣ²ʱ䣬˭ܱ֤һﲻڿ֮ǰڴ޽ǰʮ֮У
˻һһԺĬȻɫز١
ܹ뵽Ժ˵ֻʮԺУǽ֮нǧˣ
ǧȥʮͼΪпᣬðһЩҲϽһˡ
ǽֻһֻһܹ뵽Ժ˵ʣǱ˶ߣǾԱɱǻܡ
һ̣һҲиܵһΣС

䣡
ɾʮ߲㣬һӰȻ֣ǳϫ
սͣȻṦܴɣΨսεĽõɱ䡭
Уһ˻źʹųϫ뿪ʮ֮󣬸͹˲ÿֱӳʮ߲С
ܹܵԼ֫ٺѨϣһɹ۽ƵĽɫ⣬Ǿڰ㣬ںХڣߡ
ľ񡢻ɱУƺҪȼգٲҵһйڣֻһ̾ͻڶԷٶ
ǳ֮Σ֮ڻɱͬʱȴǳ޾պΣ
¡¡
ϫڣɽ໥ײһɿ񱩡ʢޱȵĽڡ
ԶԶһ˿˾ͬһִĿ㣬˲ұӡ
ʮ߲㿼˿ʼ
һϤĵĮûκθ
ϫһһ㣬һ̣ĿѻȻԶһӰۡ
ɣҵҪ֮Ķ֣Ƿҳһ
ϫźսȣ˶ֱҪȼһ㡣
ϣ
һ̣һ̤棬ɽԶһӰݺնȥ


1213 Ϣ
ৣ
һ𣬷ܣӵнд˿ڳϫУٲȻͬѴ֮
Һͬ˴˿̵ĳϫһ־˵ɱУһ֮УҲǳһֱǵơ

Ȼʮ߲ĺˣһͽϫһ߽⣬˶õɳȥ
ɲǼ䣬ϫԺѲ٣ʶֵʵӦĴ޽ˮ׼ɣ˵սѷԼһʮᣬǰսҲԷӳ
ৣ
ȳϫٴνǺֳɽһ֮䣬˲ϫǰ˲նǧٽӰܼ
ÿһУ̺һɴ޷ɱ֮ʢԶԶ˴һͷ

ڶ˲֮ٿóϫɲǼ뱻״ֵֻ̬ȴѽз
߽棬ɽԣȻɢ˷Һڻɾ򵥵սನɢȥѡ
˵ĹԽԽǿӰƵƵ˲ƣ紩֮ĹȣɽҲԽԽǿᣬһն޷棬ɲ֮
һΣͻأӿϳϫС
ֵʵ֮ǿϣеһԵѹҪǣʶԼȥȻᱻȫѹƣ
Ҫǣ˿һƾ״ֻ̬һžܳ׽֮ʱȫѹƣǺǲ롣
ɱ
ϫҧ͵һХתȫ֮нϤӣһӲԷĹƿһ˿ɬ
һɲǣһ˿ɬʧٴһϫѹƵļơ
˵Էһ˿ɬܿʧϫǳôʱ͵ؼһƿſһ̣һſžӨ͸оϣźԵĵҩ糱ˮӿһڡ
񵤣
ɾҩ̫Ϊϣϰϡɲģɾƶɵ
ȵҩڳ֮ʱֻʳһţҩƾɹʣֵּɵǸ磬κǿԴҲҪˡ
ʱΪƾϫȴһھͽʮ˿񵤶̽˶ӣ
¡¡
һɲǼ䣬񵤰ҩϤڻ֮ˮ㣬ڳϫÿһط
ͬʱϫ˳ȼܣմӽɫĻ߳ϢڽԽԽֲԽԽˡ
飡
˿̣ǺһնȴǱϫһСˮ֮ݺˡ
Զ׼֮óϫҲǱ࣬Ҳǰ˲ѹ
ѹɻڣ
ϸϽǳϫһͶӰɹŹ־͹Źڣ˿̵ĳϫֻǳڽ״޽ɵɱУһĴ޽ɡ
Ķ֣ȴʵʵĴ޽ɣҲú˵ʵѹ˳ϫһͷ
һ˵˿̵ĳϫɺʹ޽֮䣬ȴõ˻ɾϿɣ뵽ֻд޽ɲܽĲУⱾһ쳣״
״ڵѧԺʷмûгֹϫҲ֪ʵڴصʮ߲ʱѴһֲƽĴС
Ϊ֪Գϫں˵˿̵Ѹû˼ȥ˼Եɣֻһ뷨ǾսȻƾ


潻أϫͺ˼սһ𣬽ݺᣬᴩգټһƬ򶼻Ҳս֮ء
սޱȡ
Уѹ㹻ˣǱȴԾδھ
ϫһսһ߲̽仯ΪԼĸͬ˵İٱ࣬ԼڽʱԵҪѡ
ټԼǰھƾսͻƣԼĴƽ˸ա
ǸѰϣֻѵֿסƾʧܡ
ԳϫԣͬҲޱȣޱȣǼϣûк·ԣΨ;һ·ƴˡ
ս
ս
ս
ͨһ㣬ϫκαʲôҲ룬ħȫͷţδսħһ·ֱײ
ۣ
类̴һѪϫȴȻɱɡ
飡
ǻһԱ߳صĽ飬ĹѪȴֻҧҧٴལ
ĿУսҪȼղ񷣡

һɲ˰̴ѵͰ඼ʿɳϫδֹĹ

յ蹦򣬳ϫѻԡѪҲһļģޱȣһӣȴһƬ嫵ǿȼգҪڻ
ս⣡
ǶҴһּغͲ
ޣޣƺ죬ʼգ֪ɺѰ
ڲҵսУϫУĪ쳹һǹϵжԴ֮κкѽ֮
ɴ˿̣ϫȴඥꡢ͵ģ͵زһԵĲڡ
ͬʱ
һ죬ƺʲôƣǻ춴硢ɺءȫͨΪһ壡
Ƿ۽ʮ˿񵤵ĻҩҲڴ˿ϤںϣһƬӲӵ
һִûκʵĽɫɢʥƴϢڴ޽ɲյĴ

֮ʱѨϹؿͨΪһ壬һ嫵أƬأͱ족
һУǽ޽ɵı־

䣡
һ̣ϫͨͨ͸ÿһļƶɲǼֺϣøɾ𪡢ȴ͸һʡ
ǼӨ֮ͷųȻĵϡ
Ԩǿհ嫣ܽӳ֣ڹ
Ȼǣɲ֮䣬Ǳ֮ǰǿʮֹڳ
ʱĳϫȾѪȴ񣬾Ͷ֮䣬޲¶һڴ޽ɵĿɲƣأţ
ɹˡ
ϫૣɫϲ
ৣ
һӱնǧ޷֮
ڴˣϫͷҲûأһӣ¡һһѹգ糱ˮ㣬׽Ǻˣͬ佣û
ɲǼ䣬ɢ
򵥵һ֮ǰĲҶԿ֮𣬲ͬʱ
ʮ߹سɼһʮϢ
һĮ޸ϫ˴δصĽһ£ϫȴǲδŲƵ߲С
̧ͷȻ͸ܵһϢٿȻʮƬؾ򶼴һͣ״̬С
ǡϢ


1214 
һֹ̣ǳϫܵϢɾ⣬ӵܽԶͬһʱȻ̧ͷ¶ݡ
Ϣ
⡭ѵн٣
ԣ֮ףҹƲĳӵܣ֮ӶˣҪˣ
ʲôƣ
ϫ϶һڽѧԺĿʱõǳعķ룡
ϫԭ
һ̣ɾһ㡢ʮʮǰӵܣ޽ӵܣʥǿߣԶ˴𰸣һ̾ѣٽԶƵ¶һĨۡ
ƣ
ǿĴ͸޽ȥ򣬾ֱӻһִΪã
κһ޽ɶԣⶼһԿܵջ
Ͼ֪Ҫƾô򵥵飬أһĴ޽ɣһҲֻһִƶѡ
Ȼ֮ˣŲʱ䰡ǸĹ̥˵ϫλõƣִܹˣ
˾̾ʳ
νƣϵĴͨԣһĴִֻ̺ҲһЩĴƣ̺ϵĴ
ĿĲͬô̺Ҳȫͬ
жһִƵӣ׼һ̺ĴĿǳԵжݡһͿ̺Ǻִˡ
ϾҲͨͺֵ֮ģСһģͨ򣬶ǳڰһģںĴ
һ̺ͨĴƣһ̺һֺĴƣӣͺֱˡ
ʱ򣬻͵ÿԶԴƵƿֱǿˡ
ἰϫõƣҲȤ׷״⡣
ȥʱ򣬷ɽ֮ˡơ̺ľִ򣻶󣬼֮ˡʵơֻ̺һִ򣬿ȴǺĴ򣬺ͷɸʤ
ͬҲƣȴ֪ΪεȴƣӦҲѷɫǷɺͼŶԡ
֪ϫõԶˣ㣬õĴƣȻҪһŶԡ
˵ϫҪôܹȡһִ̺ϵĴƣҪôһ̺Ĵˣ
Ȼˣ
ˣϫõ͵Ƹǰƣ֪Ƹǰƣǡʱ֮Ӱ߷ʱһ֧˸ǧţ
ʱΪ𣬿ռΪβܲ壬⡮ʱ֮ӰȻʱ䷨һֲ֧õƸǰսǿᡣ
˵ϫܷҲƸǰ㣬һ̺߷ƣ
пܣϣ󣬺ν߷Ŀǰֱֻ֪֣ʱ䡢ռ䡢βܲ߰塣
ʱ䷨ַ֧ʱ֮ӳ٣ʱ֮Ӱʱ֮ʱ֮ݡȵȣˣҲ˭ҲóģҲֻа벽ΣܹӴеķ֧
֮˵ϫпܻãΪʹͣ˭Ҳ˵׼ʲô߷ĳһֵķ֧ȴǺСǣҲ統Ƹǰˡ
۷׷ףԼٵϫͷϵƽԶ治ѡ
ˡ
һ̣ɾϿգŻϢӿɵ⣬硣
⶯̫ѧԺвϹŶĿɲǼ䣬һǿ־ɨ
ƣ
ȤϷǵãһвٻһĸС޽֮ˣ
ȻڻɾнģҵҲԿо
ãûЩСһǳϫ
֪֪ǣһִƣϾ츳ǱȵƸй֮޲
Ҳ֪ϧɾǵֵ죬ҵҲ޷ڵһУΨҲֻܵȺ񾵡ˡ

ϢԽԽʢĿҲԽԽࡣ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻһβϢϤһ磬ɢһա
ͬʱ
ǵѧԺԺһɽϣһϰ߲ʯϢʧʱʯӿֳһĨ⣬Ϊһɫ뵵ƣһš
һĻǱĿע⵽
ƣִ򣿡
дɣôĳһ̺߷ƣ
ܹһ˿ѧԺ£󣿴±Ȼˡ
ϧǿԶ󣬿ɱ֮Ƹõʱ֮Ӱȴв簡
ܿ죬ɾӵܣҲ֪˳ϫõƣ֮̾ϧ֮һ㡣
̾ΪϫƣȷҪȷɡʤһ
ϧΪƣվûеƸʱ֮ӰôͶء
ৣ
һƬУɾʮڴһϫǾεӰǳ˵̳ϡ
˿̵ȾѪϢȴԨ¶һɴʥࡢصĴơ
ϫ֣ȫȻֹĿⶼˢˢϣɫڸ֮ɫ
Ƶǰʮ¼Žֽ֮ƣһжطǰΪԼΡ
һУϫȴǻȻɫȴǷһ˿Ź֮⣬ҲһУͼҴ뿪˵̳
ţѵˣ
׳գϫѳɹ޽ɣָջƣʱĻ˼ȥأ
ųϫ뿪ٴ
˵ϫλҲúúŬˣһг˲ٱ̬ٲץʱ˵һԺˣֻһԺ˶ûǲʸˡ
һпӡ
ҲĬȻŽĿõһУżԺˣнԶЩأԾսȭͷ

Ź֣ʵڹŹ֣ôͬʱƣ
ɽʼУϫ֮󣬾ϥأü˼Ÿղŷڻɾʮ߲һС
ʱϢ٣ɲ֮䣬ͻһδϤΪƣΪƿء
ԭΪһж룬ӦϢٴν٣ֻһƣ
ʱϢ壬ȫ֣ƺʲôԣˣԭ
ü˼еĳϫԺ͵һʱԼʶеĺͼƬƺϢزһ¡


1215 ռ
û
ȻǺͼƬɣ
ϫԽϸ룬ԽȷԼĵڶƣȻԼʶеĺͼƬѲϵ
޽ˣʱСͻȻڡ
ϫ˵ͷʶʲôʵǰŹڴ֮˭ռ䷨򣿡
Сһβ˵̫飬Ҳʱз˵⣬̲סѵ˿ռ䷨򣿡
ϫͷ֮ǰƣһƣһֱռƣȴЩȷϡ
ȷȷϣΪ޷ȷϣǰǻɾʮ߲зأΪľооõġռơ
ϾʱΪ𣬿ռΪ繲е֪ʱ䣬ǿռԶߵķ֮ϡ
Ҫǣ߷ֻβȥյģ
˵޽ɣͿ԰ɽ編Ŀռɽ˲ƣֻǴ޽ɵһܣƿ˿ռİ
СȻϫĻһ£òŹֵ㻹Ǹ̥
ϫĨĨӣЩ
ӦҲʱ䣬ռ䣬ߴβȥ߷߷ÿһַ֧ͬ
ʱ֮ݣռӳ٣֮ܡȵȵȵȡ
С쿪ڣ˵⣬ֽסٴһ䣬ȷǿռƣǿռ䷨һ֣
ϫóС棬ٴ֪һ˵һõĿռƣƺܹǿռ񶯣ڶǿռǿռ䳱ϫڸ߲εģĿǰȴ޷֪
С꣬δκԥͿڵ˵ȻĿռ䷨ɣΪƵĿռ䷨򡭡
˵⣬СЩ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ʱڣϫ֮СȫԽܣΪҲϫӵǳ챦֮ѡ벻ѡ
СȴЩ޷󣬳ϫڽ֮ʱȻܻƣһߵĿռ䷨
ˣСסЩĽϫˡ
һУϫǲ޶󿺷ܣΪⲻԺͼƬ
ʵϣӻõһͼƬֱ죬ϫѴӺͼƬ˲֪ٴκôаΣѵʱҲмӰɹѹصʱ̣֮ͨԺͼƬС
ȻռƽٵͷϣǾ֤ľҲǿԲõġ
ϫһ˼⣬㼴һһָ
ˡ
һָԳϫΪģԲʮڵĿռ͵һƼХ
ʼգϫΪκһ˿
֮յĿռ֮ܿռ񶯡
һԽ
ৣ
ϫָΪռ֮У͵
ֻһĿռֻһָȴǽʮɷΧڵĿռ񶯣һ޽
ԶԶȥͺʮɿռУÿһطһ˷ʣ˸Ͳ׽ټ֮
ڶԿռ䷨̫ǳڣ֮䣬ռӣƾл֮Ʋ˿ռҲ˲Էһ˿
С̲סһ䣬Ȼռ䷨ĵһǿռ񶯣ǾȽ䳹գܷӳ
ϫͷȷ֣Լ˿ռƣɶճ̶ȲŽֻƤëѣƤëǡ
ҽһռ񶯳գԽ޼һܻйؿռһִУܽ׷ӳɣ
ϫһ
ţҸղһ£׬ȡֵˣʱСɿһЩ
ϫЦ׬ˡû˵꣬ɫʱͣΪͻȻԼһƺӻֵ̫
ʮ򡭡æóһϵʱǶס鴤һ¡
һУЦѡ
ԭӵֵ߰ģɵ¥֮ϰٲĵ伮ÿһֵǧֵָһһǧֵָá
֮⣬ֽɾأǰʮ˰ʮֵʮ߲ʱֵ
Ȼ󡭡ʣʮֵˡ
ֲð˵ѧԺУֵһУȻûֵʹ粽УѧԺ۳ֵδ̫˵ɣ
ϫһ뵽Լֻɾʮ߲㣬˷ֵסеһۣĶγѪ
һֵɶǵڶÿÿҹһ֮òźò׵ȴһڿҪӻһգܲơ
ϫɫЩ粻СʶȤûٶʣֻ̾˿
ǰĪҪļǻ籾ԴƬֵУȥһеĻǻᡣ
ϫæολлɾʮͨʯϵĵһÿ¶õһֵĽȹ˾磬ȥ޽ʵֻҪϣÿͬõһʲƵֵ
СûϵҽôʲôҸղֻһʣûα˽ţ
˵ȴԺתࡣ
ϫˣһͨԲӨСԺûһͷôڵСǺԽԽŮˣ
ԼͷһæҡҡͷͷԺǿɾ̫ˣһ̫ʱڴŮ˰жˣ
ϫûٵ飬ǳ磬ʼ̾硣
ν֮νǼ֮ջҲǼóϫﵽ˴޵زԳһƬأɵҲǱ֮ͬлٱࡣ
󣬵ϫľ糹׹֮սᱩǵεȳ̶ȡ
Ժֻʣ²ʱ䣬ȹ֮̾󣬾ǰʵɽһڴ޽ϵ˲ȷǷǰʮ֮УòԺ˵ʸ񡭡
ϫһϥǳ磬εĴС

һº
ಣ
յĶϫӰһƾʧֱʩչ˲֮ʵɽɳ۶ȥ
ʵɽλڵѧԺԺɽһͷϹ޵ϴһͨʯϱ¼ģǴ޽
Ժ˵ʱԽԽʵɽϵҲԽԽϫִʱвӵפ㣬ڹĦڲԼӰ㿣Եúò֡
ϫʦ֣
ϫʦҲˡ
Ǹǳϫһǰڻɾʮһٴһ¼¼λеһڴн֮ƣ
ԭǳϫ˲ðѵǰҲǲˣ
ߣһȥ
ϫִʱ˲ӵܵע⣬һЩϫĿУٶһ˿Ľζ
ЩϫĿ⣬˸֮ɫһ˿ؾ裬ѽǿĶ֡
ϫҲ΢΢һû뵽ԼԭѾ󵽿Ҫ֪ˡ


1216 粨ֹ
۷׷Уϫ̧ͨʯǰ
ȥʯԣϱŴ޽ǰλ֣Ĺâͬҫ
ݳϫ֪ԺѧУܹ޽ǰģÿ½Զõһֵ
ǰÿõһֵ
ǰİֵ
ǰʮֵ
ǰǶʮֵ
ǰһʮֵ
ǰһУְĲֳͬΣֱǰʮǰʮǰʮǰǰ
ηֱܹðʮһһʮ򡢶ֵһÿԶöֵҲֵ
֮õ޽һһʲô񶼲ȡ׬ȡǧֵ
ȻһɲôõģԺУÿ춼ӵܳһ̣Ҫռһλһ֮ãǲܵ顣
ֹǵһǴ޽ǰϯλҲǾű仯ÿ춼ּ룬ͬҲһЩױ°񵥡
˵ֻƾһβԣ볤ʱռĳǼǲܵ顣
֮޽ֵȷޱȣҲþ˭ܹռݵģռݣҲܳʱռݡ
ϫԴ˵ҲͬҲǴ޽ϵֵΪĶ
Ϊ˺ͼƬΪ˻籾ԴƬеҪ׬ȡֵһԻһӡ
Ƿɻ˵ãȥһβʱһʮŹȥһʱ䣬Ѿ˵ʮˣ
ʵֹǷɣ㿴ǼҲֱʮ͵ʮ𣿡
ѧԺһЩϹŶ˵һ˲ű֮һȻ鴫
ϫִʱвѧԴ޽ϵۣᵽľǷɡͼˡ
ϾǰʮУֻһһɫԵΪۡ
ЩۣϫҲһ̧ȥǰʮһ֣аҽѧԺʱɳΪѹһͷҲǴ޽ɣҲǴ޽ɣΪǵĲۼսǿѾˡ
ţϫǰһ޽ȴһ˻𼱻ǽס
ϫ
һӰȻһϮȹѣɫ𪣬ݾͶ͸һɱ˵󽾰Ϣ
ԹҲﰡ
ϫ̧ȥȴ
ʱ㻹
ü
ôˣ
ϫüͷһ壬ԼǰһòƲû˭ɣ
ϫһ޹ģҲѵûõϢ
ʲôϢѵйأ
ϫɻˡ
ˣȷţϫȻԴһ֪Щбһۣ滳һ﾿ô˳֮ȻԼ˵һ֪
һڸղţԱ棬Ųͬ飬ǳ˷սǳ˰ܱҪԶɢȻӪС
˶٣ųϫҲЩ˳ԱһɫǵĶ֡
ϫһ㶣ɫѸѧԺлս
ѧ֮ľһսһӦˣѧԺأҸоϾȥʱݵܣɨأߵﶼ̧ͷ
˼䱳ǷָʹҲӦġ
棡
ϫһһŭȥݵսԷԴ޽ɵսԼѾ㹻֣ǵ֪ôôߣҪͨսֶΣ߽⳽˳Աóϫβŭ
λд޽ڰȥݵһսѹ˾磬Ϊ̫ԩɣԵ֪޽֮󣬾һЩ档
ü鷳鷳ڣ㳽˵ĳԱѽ˶ԷսҲֲãȾƿɶǳ˼Ϊ¾֡
û˵꣬첻ԡ
ϫȴк壬֪ΪƾԼʵܻĶ֡
ϾԷǴ޽ڰ˵ĴڣսֲǷݵҲȥǰ㣬öԷľܵѹơ
ڴˣϫ˵ʲôĵǣһֱɰ֣֪Է£ֽܶԷս
δͳ˳Ա棬ȴǺԼ޵ĳԱԶͨɸѡ¼㣬ףϾֻʮ˶ѣΪҲ֮ܽ
£Լĳ˾Ȼսɲ
ΣվǷˣϫûʲô˼ȥ˼ôࡣ
һԳ˵ս߲ƣϫϣҪ߽ˣԼԳصĴ
ǰĳϫԷɫŭⷴƽֻԨȴһĨļµĺâӿš
Թлˣҿǲܡ
ϫ̧ͷ˹֣
ͷܹԺ֮ǰ֮ѻҵأһ䣬ҲӦ飬ˣҪæ˵˲ֲãȴһЩֶʩѹǲ̫֡
ϫȴһЦлԹ⣬Ȼҳ˵飬Լͺá
ųϫЦݣȴǸое⣬ԺյˣƺĶŭ
ϫת뿪ȴפԭأͷҲأ͵֣̽һƳ󷽵ͨʯȥ
䣡
һΰײͨʯϣһ͵سõƬˣͬһʱȻ̧ͷȻǾͿһҫĴ޽
ˣ
һ̣˶ܿǴ޽֮ϣһ貳ʢĽ⣬һ־˵ٶš
̶Ϣʱ䣬ǰʮ֮У
ȫȻ޽ȻԺİ񵥣ǰʮ֮Уɲ㶼ܹģ񣬾һ֮ǰûڰϣȴڶ̶Ϣʱ䣬ɱ뵽ǰʮУȻ̫ġ
һĿע£һǰʮǰʮǰʮ
ŽεеҲ࣬һһŴ󡭡
һĨͣڵʱȫһƬѻȸޱȣҳ
ΪǸǳϫǸѧԺŶ̶һʱ䣬һȻ󲨣һ䶯֮µһ
һ̣һϮѩ׶쾱λе֣һҲӨĺ촽ǷһĨĻȡ
ͻȻһָоһ棬ƺߵˡ


1217 ǿƻػ

ͬˮӿϫӰƵƵ˲֮ڴ޽ɾܡ
տռƵĳϫԣһصĿռ䣬ͬʵһ㣬ܹ֪Уˮһ硣
ٶȳʱѾ˵ѧԺԺ
ʱĳϫûʲôȥɾľ絶ƵɨԺӰһӶȥ
棡
Ϊϴݵ㶪棬ôһΣһ޴ɶ

ԺһϵĽȺǰ
ǿĹ㳡ϣ˿ѾŲӰһϽָָ㣬ͷӶ
ʦִ˴ڶȻǴһѩǰء
һкϷˣǳϫͷ̫֪Ȼǵòвˬ֮
ԴϫѧԺһʱ䣬ֳ˲֪ٶľ֣ش֮ټһ޴֧ţȻʲôˣδ̫ˣѹһҲδһ¡
ߣûбͲܽˣ͵ܴѹˣӵҿǾǼʳϫ
˷Ȼ飬ǵĿȴʼնǶԶһϽΨִκϸһ㡣
ʱǻֺڣͬһ̸жѹƵŭ⡣
Ƕǳ˳ԱԼĪʮˣ˿̽ԶĿŭ˴ǰӰȻЦǡ
Щɫɢ˫۱أٲȻһĿһеļƣȴӿž˵ƣȫǴ޽ɵΪ
Ϊ׵ģȻλд޽ڰ档
ݶڳЩԣȻЩԿ⡣
ڳЩԱǰʺ͹˴ǳŭ⣬ЩһͶţһֱǶµڡ
ȻɿֱƣԼҵҫĸоȴǽԶŭޱȣоԼеķһ㡣
Щˣδ̫ˣǰСӸʦһٸӶҲ磡
ҧг
ǳ˵פ֮أǰÿʮֵĴרΪ˳Աۻãȴ߹ˣβŭ
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˵˴Ǽѹֱʱȴһ뿪ΪĻǾǸ߱ǳЩ쵰
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ʱԵһͻȻЦڣϷ֮ɫ
Ǹң
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аӣʱǾ֪һ컢ǷԳСȻвЦ˹˵
ʴ磬ζҵĴҶԲң֮ǰܲסӦǵսǣǴҡ
һݴĶغΰһɫһ͵̤ǰһкһеɣ
Ѧ룡վסǵʲôˣ
͵ǳ⣬קס˶ԷȻ֪ѷѵ㻹һٴˣ˭Ҳе𣡡
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ҲһȰ㡣
Ѧ㶣ɫջʺ͹ĻĬĬվ˻ֻһȭͷȴȻգаݣƴҲó˵裡
Ӵû뵽ǻͦϧǼȻѴӦսǽӲǳ˿ɾ͵ýɢÿ˶ùԹԵؼᣬȻǷģҺǵȽ£Ҳǵġ
컢Цһŷд˳־
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ˣ˽ԶЦ¶һĨڴưͲöԷ಻סǰս
λ
пһֹˣɫͻȻһ͵̧ͷ⣬һӳֳһϤӰٳмӶ
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ѿڽгһϲ
ϫˣ
һ̣ǴЩֵˣǴˣԶĿˢˢһƾնֵӰϡ
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ŤͷҲǿһӰǻ컢ЦСӣ˰
һֱĬԵһҲǻȻ̧ͷһƬɭ֮ɫ
Ⱥ쵰Ȼ
৵һϫӰһǽʺ͹ǣ䵱˰ѴסʱʱӿһĨĺ⡣
ϫæӭڽ͡
ϫִϵѾ֪˵⻹ҵһǰǳ˵ĵ̣ҺǣЩ˭ôǵˣ
˵ţϫĿ⣬Ǳϡ
ߣ˭Աǰսǳˣ
ǻ컢ϫ˵˲߳
ô˵ǲҳ˳Աˣ
ϫޱ
٣ʲôˣչ󣬾ɢˣ
컢ȻЦ
ڣҸһᣬҴȥ򣬿ɲǹô򵥵ˡ
ϫһһ˵ƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ԣ˵ĳԱԶһĦȭơ
ɫһĿⲻƵɨϫ
ǹСδ̫ĪΪ޽֮󣬾ͿԲЩѧС
䣡
δ˵꣬һɿҰƷ쫷˺գХ컢
һƣ̻ȵĴ޷Ұ˼ƾ޿ӵУǵٶȣҲǿĲ˼顣
һɲǻ컢ϵЦȧǡ͵ȥ촽ѣһݷɽ
ţ˶ܲסһֺ֮Ƶģŵ˴⡣
󣬷һɱһҽУô˶Ƿ׷ܣһ󼦷ɹ
ϫ֣ޱ㻹ᣬֻǰȥˡ
˵ţĿϣڣԼȥǹȥ


1218 һ
ϫ£ɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷ֣⧲֮£컢ǱһˣѪҺѡ
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ƾ͵ϮȡʤʲôֵҫģɵоЩˣһȻŭУҲһȭ
¡
һȭ̺Ż֮Ű𣬱ףƺ֮
ɣҲʸ̸ɣ
ϫ䣬͵һӣ˵ĴȶϯЮޱ߾ݺ֮Ӳ
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ɲǼ䣬ָֻһŤΣŻڱѿڣѪŽ
ҲǱӲɳȥͨһڴ֮⣬֮ǰȥĻ컢һš
ӲһУǺǻ컢һ³˶ȥ
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ڳһȻת֮䣬λ޽ɴڣʵһЩԺеĶڣҲûжܹ쵽οһŸոս״֮
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һƬȻУĿ磬ɨϫ
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ЩͬˣҲǸȥ뿪

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ϫΧˣǵɫϲû˿Թߡ
óϫиж֮࣬ɲѣϾΪ֮ȴǵһǰ˴ԼЩԱ
շ飬˵ҲܵԼǣۡ
ûʲôЩ쵰ȻţҲ޼ɵҵȡ
ЦЦɲһĨ𾪣ǰϫ赭д޽ǿߣʵһǰǷ˷츲صı仯ͬն
ǸΪһӣȴһֱδΪ˳۴裬ҿǲˡ
ϫһɫ֣أǰЩ˳ԱȭǸ
Ǻǣϫ˵ﻰС˵ǳ˵ĹǣƶߣΨʵǿ󣬲ܴǳ׳󡣡
ԣϫ磬ҵȶһһУǼ볽ˣҲǾ˼ǵģҪټˡ
˵Ǳ̫óϫҲòԳ֣ϫģǲŸոսѧԺֻҪʱ䣬һԱøǿЩҲֻǱǶԺһЩʱ䣬ûʲô˲ģ
ڶ೽˳Ա׷׿ڣܹͨɸѡѧԺһһľ׳־ƣڶԴϫʱ޲ȥаǵˣϫҲǴһĨȺ;
ǵģҲֻгϫŵ˶Դ֮Լ볽ˣͬҲΪϫ
ʼһĻҲһЦüͷһšųϫϫߵս
˵꣬ϫͿڴϣȻ̧ͷˣһһٵλģ˲ҲˣȻ˲ȵǳͷϣɾͱСˡ
ʽ˵Ĳ
ϫ΢΢һЦתȥ߽⳽ôһ֪ЩǾ˵ġ
м俴ƽʵȴӿһĨȻ⡣
˼ˣҲѪ󲽸˳ϫһ̵ǣͬҵĹǣֻҪгϫڣһжֵη͵ǡ

ߵĶĴҲ˲ע⣬ԺϣԶһӰѶ߸
峿ʱǷ³˴ѾԶ޷޲ƽȴ˵ЩʲôЩԣ඼Щֵֻ˼
ʱ֪֮ϫȻĿע⡣
ͬʱǼԶķϣһĨٻӰҲȻһԶԶ˹
ֹϸ۲죬ǷɡѰ˵ӰҲڼԶ֡
ȻǶҪλд޽ڰ棬ϫָȥӦˡ
һĿעӣϫ޶ԣδһ߳ͽĿƵɨѵȺˡ
û뵽֮խʵڳҵϣѹԺнǧ꣬ȴٳ޷Ժ֮С
գϫĿϣǷһĨļڽȡ
ϫ˻ɫʱһĮȻҲı䲻㳽˵ˣԣ㻹ǲҪͼԴҡ
ģϢˣҶӦ
ϫҡҡͷ˵仰˵Ժ˭ҳˣͳͳưոݡ
һЦһ̲סЦ㻹湻ģĪΪʱȥݵһ
ЩͬҲЦ˵ղųϫͬ飬ԺҲǸѳϫС
Ͼǵ֪УϫվŸոս״֮һʱѣĿнǧĶ֣
һһֱ֪
ϫޱ飬ϴɾΪ㣬ɨأһΣɲ˱ˣһϣ˵ûǻᡣ
˻һǸս˶࣬оϫδֵ̫ˡ
ɫһĿ絶һɨϫϫ̬ȣǼŭԭΪ£ϫһЩ¶һЩģ˭֪һʱûСӾȻԽԽˡ
СӣҲˣ
˫ȭ͵һգһɿֲϢںӿڴ޽ɵѹڳɫ΢΢һ䡣
ȳ̶ȵƣȷľܹλд޽ڰݡ
һЩĿ̲סϫȴߵӣǾֹˮԨû˿ĲҲûΪֲֿѹȶ˿Ķݡ
䣡
һɲǣ涯ˣӰһ˺գһѳڳϫǰһȭʱ񱩵Ĵ޷֮ƥϯݺݳϫԴȥ
һĲ˼飬˲ϢȭҲǿɲޱȣ޽ɵڹ͵쾡¡
죬ϫ죬һɲǣϫָΪ͵ر̶һɱµĽһþǹƵģᴩգ͸һֱĵ
أ
ȭâݺײһɲϢϯ
ŵŵš
̳УӰ˺ÿһ£̤һȻ˲ɵ
һĻڳս˶һͫţһ֣Ȼˣ
⡭ôܣ


1219 ݿ
֪ϫŸոս޽һʱ䣬Ժѽǧ֮á
ڽս֮ǶΪ³ϫٳɫǺӲҲȻᴦˣ˭뵽һֵһ汻ˣ
ৣ
˾ɲʱһģĲӰͻȻȰƾճϷһͻͽ
޼񹂵Ľ֮У֮ܣһʩչ˲ֽһ㱻˺飬ɢһɱأնǬĿɲơ
һҲüһ壬¶һ˿أС˿ԭҲһЩġ
֮ǰһֻ֣һʵ䱻ϫõ˲ֹ¶Էɵ֪һ̺Ŀɲƺڷ֣ǰСӣȫѰ֮ɱȡ
ֻһʱ䣬ӵս֮죬ǽ޽ɣս˶̵ʱڱ˿ֲ
ɭȭ
治Ҷ룬Ӱ˿һȭӿճ𣬽ϯ·һɽѹգغǱϮµĽ֮ϡ
䣡
ٴν棬Աǧ֮ضǣƵ޲ȻܣҺѧԺڣнƸǣȿֲನҲû˼
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ţţ
׼ɵͳϫӲʱǱӲҡҷɿƵڿٴε˳
һĻɫȼŭĻ棬ʵҲЩɲˣǰ˱ֳսʵڳϡ
Χ˼ˣ°Ͷϡ
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һֽ֮УڹŲͬУ̺ڽ֮ڣͷųɫܡ
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ԲزĴ򣬸ԵӣܻͬԵĽû뵽Դ֪ȻѴﵽزЩϤΪƣֻ»ǿ󡭡
һϣһϮѵã
ʲôīü͵һԣѻȡƣȴδʩչԱ
һ뵽⣬ҲӿһĨԵľ죬ԳϫӣԺˣɲķɣɽ¶ˮļֻ£ֻǿĶˡ
ûԼԺЩȽϣȻΪֻгϫɡǲǴͬһ߶ȵĴڡ
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Ҳãѹ֮ܽͬӵ˶֣ҲҼ֮ҡȻһЦٴԶʱĿֻʣ´͡
ʤѷ֡
ɹսһֱһԲɵһĻʱ񾲵ϣȴһĨɫ
أأأ
ս֮Уݺأǧƥտ裬նơѹ飬һƬҡ
ˣ˾ھκ֮УƾҲѲ콣ķɱ
УػпѪ˱ˣѪ졭޲ֳΪ̣Ǳģ
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ҪǣʼգǵκικֶΣǶԳϫûκεв޷ϫȰ㴩֮Ӱ
һ̣ǾɲͬŻᷢһĻΪǸͲϫսѴﵽ˺εȳ̶ȣҲǱŰ
Ϊϣǵȷȳϫ֪֮£սȵĿɲʱ䳤̣ΪսֶΣս飬ԼԴƿϣ
෽УһϫȫѹԷһͷ£ɿǳϫ֣
̫֮ܶǳϫ̫ǿ
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ˣҲ޷ˡ
һ̣Щǰ߳ӵԱԶŵصųϫ¶֮ɫ
ǵҰУǶ忡ɫĮȻһӺڰ߳㣬Ǳܵظܵη塣
һʵ̫ˣͲ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰޱȵҪ߽⳽ˣݺݼ̤ϫһͷȴزĿ֮¶棬ЩɫһȻкڲ
Ϊ޽ɵϣһֱţ֧ţϿ䡣
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ס֣ѧԺдɱɱɺͳɫü価Ǳ֮ɫԺϯ


1220 
սͷͻأ֣ڣھͽìͷָϫԵüΪǿơ
ɱɱɺͳ
ΧȻԱƲɣʹһ٣ôǳϫ֮
ҲǽϯӣͬҲеһԱ£Ȼǰײ
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ʱΪ֣Һڹؼʱ̣Ǽ棬Ż˵ʱΣ
ڣȻҪ̻ˣóϫĿʱһ䣬һĨ
˵ҲԱӦüΪ췢ʼĩĪҪ˵棬ſڴƻƣѪˣ
ϫޱ鿪ڣȴݣңңš
ڻҵжϣ
һ絶ƵıƵâϫֹ֪췢飬Щ鷢֮ǰǾĬģ
Ҳǻжϣǻ㾿εϽϯӵģ֮£ԺλϰǰҲ޻˵ΪҴˣ
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󵨣
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˻һɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
ǽܵ˲ٳ裬ɨأ棬ϫҧŲţǻ治֪δˡ
һ̣ǽԶĿ⿴
ӳϫãͻȻЦˣȻˣǾ̳ϫʦĸУϾҲһԱȻԿҲԴ
˵ţĦһԼ˫ƣɢȴһɿɲϢȻ
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д˵ŲԺõĵӣͿͨԺˣΪԺһѧˡ
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ʱȻҪͳϫ֣н֮࣬ҲɰϫһѺǲѡ
顭ƺԽԽˡ
á
ڴˣϫĻشܼ򵥣ֻĸ֡
ǷһĨɭȣٶԣȴһɹɴ޷Ϣںŷƣˡ

һĹؼʱ̣ͻȻһԶһȺˣɳ۶ת˲
ԹԣЩƺԺӵܣ
ԯĳԱѵҪ𣿡
кϷˡ
һˣΧʱһ˽
С㣡
Сˣ
ЩԱ򶼷һ󻶺ɫζ԰Ƴ磬ȻһĽӴУ֮ѽ˺ܸߵ
˵ɫ
Ļ᲻ϵð㣬ԯҵСûͨѧԺˣͽѧԺԺϯϰ®Ϊʦ⻷ҫޱȡ
ͬģЩԺӵܣϲɹƾԺӡݣ㹻ǸܵһĪѹ

ϫڣȴǱסϫŶԷǾȻ̬ȣʱʼ磬ѰƴûûΣһʱ˭סġ
ͳ֮ĶԿѧԺģҰչأǲϽģ
һɫڰͻȻԸеЩˡ
ϣԣҿͬǳһԱЩˣɶҵýǣҪ泽˳ͷҪҳͷ˵ùȥɣ
ʱİһЦӣһؾĹȴǺЦ⣬һļµĮȻ֮ɫ
Ȼһ̵İ㶯
˼ˣȴǶǺݺһԯҲ˳ˣ֮ǰδ˵ģ
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üߣҲǰһͬû뵽Ȼ׿ڳϼ˳ˡ
㡣
ƽԲɳ֣ǳѵͲԣοҲû㰴ǵĹء
˵⣬һƫͷЩԯԱλ㣬ѧԺأһ˾ͻᱻ۳һֵܼʮˣҲʮֵҰǳˡ
⻰˵ɱڣøһĲоλԯСǰԵᡣ
С˵ɾɷҵȣһЩֵѣҵԳ𡣡ԯһЦڡ
Ժ˻죬ԺһҲٺ١һɾĵΰٺЦ˵ʱĿѪɨˣ¶һĨս֮ɫ
۸Сѣ۸С۸С۸ԯϣģô߼ⳡܲ߼Ҳͨ
һ鱩ҵԯӵĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ˣ˵ɫԶѿޱȣҧгݣĿ֮£裬ҲǷŭ֮
ȴû֮Ŀ֮¶ڳ˴ǰʱǺεȵҫΨ²֪Ƶġ
Īǣԯ֮ĶԿǵȺֻҲеɣ
ɫ֮ǿҧŭ⣬мһ㡣
ԿԿ˳һĹºˮ죿
ںԥ˵ڣȽһǰ֮£һ䣬ԹԹʧǴһܣԼѡɡ
һ£նʱţһƬ


1221 ʱڣȥʱ̻
磬Ƹɴ䣬ˮԴ֮䲢κιۣ˶Уȴһɱ֮
˺ȷţ˵
ΪԯҵСӦǿǿƣһжʵͱı֮Ȼ߱Ųɵ
һƬŵĽУͻȻһӰԶҲ֪˵ЩʲôɫȻһһĿ˳ϫϣһ˿ɲζ
û֪֪ʲôϢȴԼܸоɫı仯ӦúͳϫѲϵ
٣û뵽Ŷ̶̲ʱ䣬޽λˣֲýո޿֡
ĬãͻȻЦɫӣ˲д˿̾Щʲô
˻һȴȫȻĿԶˢˢ˳ϫϣһ
޽
ʲôʱ飬ô֪
⡭ģδ̫ˣ
һ̣Ҳɫ䣬֮ǰԼҰڳϫУһ㶼
޽ǿֻĸ߶ȣ
ཻڴˣʺ͹һڳ˳Ա¶ϲ޲쳣ͬҲû뵽ǳ˵ƶߣȻλд޽ˡ
ҲڴʱڳŷӦճϫ˵սʱΪθǿƣԭҲ̵ġ
һʱ֮䣬˵ĿУԶƵشһĨ֮ͬɫ߹ӵʱҲϢԼŰ
һУϫһֱųĬΪɳԼ־顣
ȻһǻһתǸ죬ƾ͵ȷӵнԺʸˣϧһԺ˺춼һ
仰˵ĪҲһ֪һͷˮ
ȴǲἰ£ĿĮȻɨһ۰㣬ֵһζԿΪֹߡ
˵ţת뿪
һЩʣưһҲǸ뿪ʵҲȷѺ޲뿪˵ˡ
Ͼܣ涪һɶҲܵ˳شĻٶȥ
ߣȴǲӦûǸ˭뿪ģ
ৣ
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ЩԯӵҲȻɨ˳ϫһۣҪʲô
ȴǿ˳ϫ˼Ǹжûб˳ϫһۣĹĳЩԯԱŸʲô˳Ĺ
ЩԯԱЦÿӰ±ںǳ⣬ǿҲΥԼС˼
Χ˼ˣһ࣬˳ĹҲֻԯλС˵ˡ
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Ťͷɨ˳ϫһۣ㼴һ˺Хȥһͷɥɫ֮ǰǰģγԱȡ
УǺڹʲô顣

òˣˣɢ˰ɡԶһ뿪֮󣬱㼴ŤͷԶ˵һ䡣
ȻʮӰٿƾճ֣볯һ֣㼴ɢȥ
һϳʮӰȻǻ˵Ժӵܣ

үǳˡһϣһӢ꣬ǰ˵
ͷ鷳ˡ
Ӧõġ
ӢɫûбķԸҵȱ뿪ˡ
ţȥɣҴһǼѧĳԱ
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лү
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ʽʦԱչأ飬ԲӲϧԯ֣ȴľӪûл
ͬʱľҲǴһפԶĻЦЦֵ߰ɣҿǶ˲С档

ܸ֪㰢㲻֣Ҳִ£Ҳ֪θˡ
ɴҲԿѧԺУ˺޲óϫͬҲڰжԳϫΪעһУȻͳϫѧԺеıֲַϵ
ϾԴѧԺ񣬳ϫٲȻͬʱʱѧԺһЩľϲʵٶȣҲĿá
Ⱦ޾׵ľţϲģҲģȫжҲȫάҲǺ顣

뿪ǳ˴սҲǷ׷뿪
ֻ뿪ʱǵȴǾþ޷ƽ˷ܣҴǰʵɽҪհһ³ϫڴ޽ϵ
Ҳ˶Գϫľ˱ָе𾪣ɿѽշһУԴѶķʽɢ˳ȥ
ΪǶ췢һУעѧԺһȻ󲨡
Ƴˣʹһ٣澡ʧ飡
ԯСԯ̹Լ볽ˣΪһԱ
֮ڽ֮һºһ޽֮У
ÿһϢȥһĪ䶯ȴͬһڷˣ£˭ܱ򶨣

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һڳ˳Աɫܣ˴˽ͷӶŸոշһ飬һ̵ǣԶһɵĸоԳ˵ĹҲǴﵽ˿ǰĸ߶ȡ
ڴһ࣬ϫܳ˵Ľṹ˳Աʮˣʺ͹ճ£ͳһЩ˵Ĳֺ׳ˣԺ˳Աֱ࣬һЩְλ绤һġ
ߴߴ˵һѣйسԺչģɼԳ֮ģóϫҲһоԼһ˦ƹƵġ
ˣ˵ĲһԺ˵ȷǺͬ
ͻȻʲôųϫ˵ǰЩӣʦһʵΪԺ֮׼
ἰ⣬ϫɫʱɼǵãղʱ˵һ俴ûͷûԵĻǺԺйء
Ժ˲ѧԺУսϣص㵽ʱŻṫ֪ʱ޽ǰʮѧλ벽εĽϰӣоһλϵĽϰ
˵⣬Щԥ˼ãջǿڵλϵĽϰΪ̩䣬ʸΪϣǺԺͬһĴڡ
հ˵̩ǰѧԺУһֱӲ£ˣı֣Ӱ쵽ϵĴȨֿɵá
ڿУһҪֻ»ἫΪˡ
ü룬ǰ˵˼һпܴв
̩䣿
ϫһףΪԣϹߴУۼڵѧԺǿģˡ


1222 Խʥֹ
ɽ
ϫԼʱԺһֱ˼ӰеõϢ
ս
Ժ˲ǵ֮д裬Ҫս˵Ļ˲٣ҲֲѧԺɳλ벽εĽϰˡ
壬ϫİʱͲֹһεĺɱҲżΪֲĴڵġ
ڲ֮Ԩ֮ڼһλ׷ѩʥʣС֣ûסԷ
ϫ֪Էʥʣ̫ʱڣͱľѹ֮ڡ
ھ֮ʱϫҲͬŹһΪʥʵĴڣʥһ̫ʱڱѹ˾֮ء
һǰϾ׼ҵ·;УΪһԹʦһġʥ䡷ϫһܵһΪʥʵ׷ɱ
ʱǰ׼֮׾֣һ˲ͱĨɱˣʱǹʥֻһͶӰѣɴ˿֪ʵǺε֮ɲˡ
ʥʡʥʡǹʥʣóϫսżΪ̵֪
ܹ¶ûбȻҲżΪֲġ

Ժ˾ȻѡսҼ֮ʱֹ˼磬ɽҲܵв
ϫĬĬ˼ãóһۣѧԺһĹأԺ˷սϣȻͨĥ£ѧԺӵʶսΪԺпܱĴͻ׼
ϫҲʲô˼磬Ǵ޽ɣһЩΪɲĴڣҲηʲô
οհ˵˴Ժ˻λ벽εĽϰӣҲܰЩѧսΣյĵطˡ
֮ʵԺֻʣ²ʱ䣬ô˻ᣬԵ޷Ϊ
޽ɺȫͬľ磬ִȵز󣬾Ҫʼ޷ҲǴơ
֪ƱϵĴɣҪɲô򵥵顣
ȣðĳִȫԲĵزģȻ󷽲ܿʼȥִơ
ͷӲͬİϵĴ޷ںΪһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
ҲɸѶȣˮִ򣬱ͲݣҪȫΪһִƣ֪кεѡ
⻹ִֻ֡ϵĴѶֻᷭ
ҲΪεϫʱѧԺǰ޴ĺ䶯˲ϹŶע⡣
ԭڣƣȫں˽ľˮִĴƣͲóϫȥϵڱƵģȻۡ
ԳϫԣƵĻãҲֻΪʡһЩʱѣϾѽдȫԲزǷȱľˡ
ʱڣֻǺѽ硢סȴﵽˣȻˣȰѷںϣٰںϣһһڣһҲǿΪԼṩٵսֶΡ
ϫǺ˵ǿҲиãڶԸһЩʱҪĳִȥơ
ԸЩа֮סִġ
ǳࡢ컯˰ٵȺԺҲ٣ϾǶؼһ޶Ĵڣ̫ѣʱҲܸԼս
Ǳ˰ٴ򣬳ϫǻǵãлһֽɰķڣǾֻط򣡶ֻطȴɱ˰١սִɡ
ʱԲȥðȻȷ
ûٵ飬ϫ߽ǳ磬ʼչ޷

棬ԺˣġԺһӼĵУ
λãһλµĿߡ
뷢ף繵ְݺύһԻǵţһ˯ӡ
òȷ̫ˣĺˣݵУԵüΪ
ǰȴǹ˼£һֱҳԭܼ򵥣Ϊλ߾̩䡣
ΪϵһλڵѧԺԺ£ѧδŹš
Ⲣ̩ûʲôȨƣ෴˶֪̩Ը⣬ھӰ쵽ϵĴ
һƬžϿݵ̩ƺ˯ˣĻʡ
ˣ̲סۿһԱߵ衣
ᣬһͬ˵棬ϾҪμԺˣʵԲ޷ԺֻǹǸӡ
Ȼ˵꣬һֱ˯̩ͷҲû̧ȴһɳƵ䴽д֪ˣ°ɡ
΢΢һҪ˵Щʲôȴסû˵ʲô
棬Ǿ͸ˡ
賯̩ٴι񣬱㼴뿪
壬ʲô˼
ֱ뿪߳ԺķΧ̲סѯʵ
Щǲ˵̫͸ġ
һ㼴Ц򣬵Ҳ˵ͳϫСִ֮һʱ֮ܶѣĪҪϡ
ἰϫϷһĨ͵ͷлο
ƳһۣԺʱַѡսɽ⿪ٵһսȫԸ뵽о㹻ˣ飬Ի
飿
޵һ仰ǲһĨ֮ɫ̲סʵ壬㾿ΰŵģ
ҡͷҲǿү԰ŵģɵöŬĪҪÿүʧˣϾүԺҪִϵģʧҲ
үȻգɽ֮һ
ԣһüӿһĨкӿ£е˫ֲƵ߬ϫýӣһпɶǰͣ
ͬʱ
βޣһɳĮС
һ˺ѣֳһͦӰ˫ָ㣬籦ʯȻϵϵ̳ˡա
ףɹɳ쫷Хˣޱȣ˸ҪǣɳĮһƬûһ˿
β֮أɳĮһ̫ʱһֱӴ񣬲֪Ѻ˶ϵͽˣһԽѡ
šԽʥֹĳƺţ
ԣ˫ָɳãҲ֪ʲô̾˿૵ôȥˣҲʱһˣСá


1223 ̫
УʪһƬһɭϢ
Ӱ֮ǰǺqq˷ʱһƬ
ӣǧˣú
үŹңҴˣĴˣҲٴ밡
޺ˣıȨλǸӶˣվҪܱӦģ
áаԹ䣬зĺţ֯һ߽˵֮С
һУţһϮʤѩ£ûоͷڣü֮価ƽ֮ɫ
βѺ˲֪ٵڵˣҲежĳˡ
ղǵһǰ˵أԴ˾ռߣЩá޺䡢ȻҲκһ˿Ĳ
Ҳ֪˶ãӵʱľͷ
ͷһ⼣߲ͭţѷò󿪣ŷѱʪĻþʴü
һ֮䣬ûˡ
ͭãһЦֳ̧ȥ
¡¡
һƵĦõͭſһ͵Ĺƺڰϡ
΢΢۾һŲ˽ȥ

ͭڣһƬɾ㣬̿ϴƮҷһɽ׺Уˮʣľިһ׵īɽˮ
Ψһȱڣɽˮ֮䣬ȱһԣҲΪƬУûһ˿֮
¡¡һͭŻرգյĿһ˲Զһʯǰ
ʯݵͰªһϪˮ֮ϣԱ߻ΧһССԺ䣬ԺһЩ̵߲ˣԶԶһ͸еũСԺҲûʲô
ʱһŮԺǰһʯǰԼıӰա
һӰзһĨӣʹޣͬ飬һ㡣
ҡҡͷֱʯǰСԺʱŷ֣ԭȥòǲ˲١
ԭٵ˿ӣӨļ˿ȴʧȥһЩԺͻ۽Ǵ˼βơ
ȴѶһʴϢ
Ȼѩϵĵϵӵܣһǰ㵼Ϸѵ콾֮Ů
Сá
տڣԵúƽʲô顣

ѩͷҲû̧ڷԸһ٣һ룬ڷһֻ깤ĺɫѥָɣ졣
Уȴ΢΢һû뵽ѩЩƽм飬ЩЦ
ûЦɫƽɣֱʯһࡣ
ƺ˴ģ
տһǺɫѥӣ˼
ѩЦЦûлشü֮һƬ棬Եúרעϸ壬һгɵѰ˰㡣
ǰһϲҪСá
ѩһֱרעڷ첹ѥϣյȴãջڣûвزҴҴֱԵǰɽˡ
ѩ֪ġ
˵ʱڷ첹ֻѥӣϸδܵʲôӰ죬ǡ˿̵ľǰƽ
ѩ㷴ӦҲЦ̾Ϣܺ˲Сһ˲Ҳû뵽ܹڶ̶ʱھͽѧԺһҫ
˵⣬۽ƳһѩȴԷɫƽɣûзһ˿
üͷһ壬ѵСòô
һΣѩڷж̧ͷ££ǰڷЦѩĶӣȻ˲ʲô֣
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üͷһ壬ϵЦʱɢƽΣϿվӦýϡ
˶٣ǴһĨȻǰһϲѶСһҲһֻ¾ǺһϢˡ
ѩĬͣж̧ͷյӣ̾ӣ㻹̫ˣʵαӦġ
ŶΪʲôСôͽ̡üëΪϲѩ˳ƺ
ܼ򵥣ĵҴƲ飬һҲ֪ϫţһûܲ
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ңȻרܵģҲҵ֮һУȻԴ¾ŵҵľԽǱֵûңԽǸˣΪֻϫ֪ҵĴǶң˾
ѩ赭д˵ü˸ǻ۵Ĺ
˵⣬գ˵Ҳ²⣬ϻϻһıѰ֮һж¼ôҲΪ˶ԸϫʱܹҪЮԲԣ
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ֲã׳˵СǸ콾ǻ纣ʲô鶼ķۡ
֮ͻȻڸп
նҪԼˣֻǱҽҴ˼ѣûʲôֵģοҿǿ㳤ģۼα㻹ԶԶ㸸ףƭң㣬ȴһЩ򡣡
ѩЦЦһָĿǡ
ѩͻȻһ˵ĳ嶯ΪܵԼٶ˵һ֣ͻᱻԷԼе˼
ָоΪܣʵϵĽ𣬶һ顢ǻۡǸ֮Ľ
ȻԴ򿪿ڵڣһֱһֱĴС
Сã㲻ǰרɱģ
ͻȻ̧ͷĿֱѩɫƽԵüΪ࣬˲ڿЦ
ڴˣѩڱˣȴǾźͲһַĵͬ
᲻£µỹԸϡ
ѩ̾˿ƾһ仰ͱ¶ɱһĺΪ֪ŲҶ֡
סҪɱһ޷ȷʲôĶʱȴϢһڣԵرɡ
˵⣬ջĿ⣬룬¿ʼ첹һֻɫѥȴ˵֮㻹̫ᣬִϣƾֻͣҲ͵һ˴λıȨˡ


1224 º
λıȨ
ۣճĬˣü֮һĨ֮
Ϊѩ˵ͬΪĸԭϵϵӣλıȨ֮˵
㲻ŭҲûͼ˵㡣
ѩƳһۣȻܿܣԹ񶼵˲Ƶĵ䵽زҲûʲô˵ġ
տһۣã˵СãӦöøж
˵ܻڣ㸸׶һ𣿡
ѩһЦɫһƬƽ֮ɫԶɽƣ˵㸸Щһֱɱңҹҹ룬ϧջǲң֪ʲôԭ򣿡
üȻͬѩ˵
ѩһ۾Ϳ˼һת֪ӵеж٣ֶЩж˽⣿
һ£Щ㲻ѩΪ˵ڴ鲼ɽ磬ȴʮ֮⣬ǧжķֲеĳϣǵĿɲܹġ
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ѣ
һԽü͵һõСãЩˣ㻹֪Ҹƿ£Žᣬ深ʢɴ뾭֮·
ѩƵؿһۺԼգȥɣʲôʱʼӴ㸸Ϊβɱˡ
ҡھͲκκɱأ
ɫĮȻڶ˵Ļɫ֮࣬ǰΨһͬǣԶһ˿֮ɫ
ԡ
ѩٲԷһۣͺɫѥרķ첹ǶյвȻ⡣
ոоĵļֺܵĪƺͼ̤͵س絶Ӱ㣬ǰѩе˫Ҳǻս
һʵʵɱٿȻСԺƺͶᣬһ˿ɱϢ
ܹѩǲѩ׵ļϣһϸܵĸŹ޳ҲýӲָΪס
ʼգɫδһ˿仯żβƵҲûգһΣרע
Сãۼʵϲ統㣬ǱϾǵܾ꣬β䣬ܲ򣬼ȡֻܹάϵ棬ʱɱ㣬ֱ練ơ
ĬѩãͻȻһЦȫɱȻת뿪
²ˣʹȥһֲסģʱܹͱܼ棿
һ˵ţ뿪ͭǰٴפ㣬ͻȻʵҲܺͱܼˣһΣɡ
¡¡һƵĦʱͭſ¹رգյ뿪

һУѩδһֱڷ첹еĺɫѥһַֻһֻʱǷѪϼ
ϫôȥֺαǰң
ѩѾ깤һԳѥ¶һЦݣ̧ͷϼɫӿһĨȺ֮ɫ૵ֻҪӻţɲǷţָϣΣЩ¡վκβҵġ
ѧԺǿɲܹҰĵط

ʱˮҴš
֪¹ȥУѧԺԺձýޱȣԶȫ̡
Щ֪뵽Ժ˵ӵܣҲܵһյĸȾڷŬ
ѧԺĺôͨһЩͽͲعѧԼͻ˶ÿ̿Ŭ
ѧ֮ΪĲֻ࣬ʶԼĲ㣬и֣Լһɢޣ޷ᵽִľΧġ
Уǲûʲô˵ĲΨֵһǣǴ޽ƵƵ仯ÿʱÿ̶еϰҲбġ
ǰʮеҲǷ仯˲ףѰ׺ľ塭УҲԺ˲Сĺ䶯
϶ԣȴûгϫǰҫۣϾǰλϣֻһ
ʦ֣ⶼ¹ȥˣôֹǳϫǷɡҲǰʵɽд޽ˣ
ʵκʱ򣬶ѧ׾̫籩¶ʵ𲻱ҪӺ͵жԡ
׾ԭˣ˵˴ԺҪǰսǿɱһٲ׾ҲûʲôҪ˰ɣ
ǹͷΪ嶼ǰ׳գ֪ǵѧԺѧܵսǾԻΪǵصĿ꣬ԽߵӵܣԽĴ
սһԺ˹Ȼ춼ͬҲ֪˭ͨ˳Ժˡ
ҿֻҪܻŴսܹԺˣϾǿսޱȣ˵λ벽εĽϰӣս飬Ҳ˲Ϣ䣬ܱⲻ˷ʲô⡣
ԺڵٽҲࡣ

һУϫ
µʱ䣬һֱǳУ޷򣬶Ա˶ֻǹȥ£Գϫԣȴ൱һЩʱ䡣
ϫǣѾȱ˶屶ʱ䣬Űѷңƣûʱȥ
ҲóϫʶҪǺε֮ѡ
ʵҲȷˣѰͨ޽ɣһܹһִƶ㲻ˣܹϴƵģѾԳƵǸˡ
ʱУϫҲһѾռƵĵһ㡰ռ񶯡Ϥס
˵ռƵĴڣȫƲͬΪһִɣϵ֮һƺΪʣ޷໥ںϡ
ֽ׶ΣϫǸ첻һġ
ռƣƣ䱾ʻǿռԲزĿռǻ֪óϫҲ޼˳йءռ֮ߴ֮
һ۷壬ֲ֮ܿĴУϫͣҲ޷ƿأֻܷУֱǡ͡Ӱ
ɲʲô̶ȣֻеȶսʱֳ

һ죬ϫӴһ
֪Ժ˾ֻʣһʱˡϫһ˼ţһ߳ǳ硣
Ҹһȥ
ϫСԼҪǰսԺʱСԥڵ壬ұ˽⡣


1225 ʹŵ
ԺʱѧԺԺ׷
ûʸ뵽еӵܣҲɱ׷ǰհǴ޽ǰʮǿߵķɡ
ԺӵܶԣԺͬһ־ڱصõķܶĿֻ꣬ԺӱܹѧԺ֮ءԺ
Ȼֿˣˣ˵ЩѧѧԺ֮һϵľ
տơ
Ժǰ㳡ϣʱѷһƬ׷ڴ˻ۣѹѹһƬѰչزһЩӵܣҲڴ˿ԵüΪ֡
ϫڹ㳡һ࣬ųķϢɫҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ϫѵȴãһΣǧСˣ
ʱ򣬼Ӱ˵أϫʱЦ˵ü֮һսӿ
ϫһЦܱ֣Ҳҳϫ֮ҡ
һαӦ˵־ܷŶԡ
Цһ٩Ļȴ͸һ׺֮⣬˺ͳϫ֮ľ롣
ϫҲȻʧЦ
ϫ
һһһϮȻƳһ۳ϫǵǴҵԼ𣿡
֣˼ؿ˳ϫһۣЦŸת뿪
ϫһڵһǰɽʱʺ͹ԼЦ˵ֻԼ׷Ȼʱһݻ˵ԺԼܳ͸Լһ׷Ļᡭ
뵽⣬ϫ̲סЦԹϴֻѼ俪һЦĪϡ
бһ̧̧ۣѩ°ͣ˵ĻɴӲЦη壬ھ䡣
ϫӣ̾Ϣο˿սǺЩɱִݻѰ
ִݻ
ԣ߹ϷһĨգݺݵ˳ϫһۣߣܹģñѹһͷˣ
˵գתƮȻȥ
κҪ𣿡
ϫ̲ס̾˿ҲӿһĨ飬ģҿ϶׷ҵģȻҿɲΪ׷ôġ
ʱƣ㳡ϻ۵ӰԽԽ࣬㡢ʡȳ˳ԱҲ׷ǰΪϫޱȡ
ϫ磬һҪµһҳ֮
һ˳Ա˷ܵ
ԣҳ֮Ҳſǻ
ϫЦ֪ΪԼ
ߣһܻŴս˵ɣͻأأһӲ˽
ŤͷͿЦѣӰ㼴ʧڲԶȺС
ϫǧҪһЩ˴βԺ˵ʮӵУٶǺϵǳ˵սϱȻɱȴǲܲ˽¶һЩӼ
ˣʱüһѳϫ
зִ硣ϫͷ
ţҪǧأʲộһЩȫˣݺݻ˻ȭͷ
һڳ˳ԱѼֲ֣İǴҪ͵ġ
ˡ
ʱԶУͻȻһâ֣ƻȴһ˲֮˲ưڹ㳡ǰ
âɢȥ¶ĵΰӰкȻԺԺ֪Ժϯϰ®
ˣһһϮۣչݺߣ۾һֱţ˯һ롣
һһ͵ĽϰһϮ£һͷҷȴ㿡ʣƥ࣬˿̫Цһ崺ĸо
λһ֣ȫʱȻֹԶܵǳʱƬطƶڳǳӵһϵƣƷ֮䣬ŲǬ׺Ϊɣ
ǻ̩߱䣬ʵɲģԯƾϲ֡
ԶǻߣɫҲǱ
ϫһݣ۾һϮµ̩ȥȴӰݣ˯죬Ǻ֪վһ𣬶˲һλ͵ԺͬһֵϹŶ
˭һ̣ϫĿŲǴЦһͷҷĽϰϡ
ԺϯϰذϯذҲĴже¹󣬵䲻ߴϹңȴϡ
٩٩̸
ϫˣнסпɽȷ̫嫣ŲǿߣҲ岼ⶥذϣϫ֮ǰδŹ
λӵܡ
ϣԺԺ֪ڣӴأڳѧĿ⡣
˴ԺˣҺ®ذϯ̩λԺϯϰһ֣صս
˵⣬֪ɫ࣬ǶһԺ˺̨ͬԾǺǿɱһҲעޱȣһһЩ͹򡣡
ԣӵжʱһ񣬾Щ޷뵽еӵҲ䣬
ܼ򵥣һɱѣ˭κһȡʸҽ£ѧԺ
֪Χ˵ɫҲǱ
棬ô˴ο˵һģܹð˰ֵڶ߰ԴƣֱʮΪֹ
ҪǣǰĻߣܹʹŵأõĻ˵ܹĳЩߴС
ʹŵأ
ߴУ
㳡ϣѧǵһһ˲ǵо¶ڴ֮ɫʹŵأǿѧԺеĽأŲֹٴ̫ӴߴУУʱ˵ĴжУ
һжЩѧԣԶӵջ
ʹŵأ
ϫҲǺݺһǵãҪһǺͼƬиǾܹõʵĴУ
һ̣ӿһɶõĻᣬֵʱ׬ȡǵʹŵأɲʱܽġ
һΣҲҪǰеһϯλˣϫа
ȻûܻǰʮΣӵܹﵽɱһ޼ǿߵı׼ͬҲǿԽԺеġ
֪ٴһӣһƿնȥֱǴ޽ǰʮӵС
ŷһսΣգҺλϰԻڵһʱȣסʹŷ֮ǰûлɱһ޼ǿߣζſ˲ϸ񡣡
֪˵⣬λϰһ񣬱㼴붯֡
¡
֮УǱ˻֮䣬Ӳͨһ䲻֪ͨεصͨ
һĻڳڶӵܶ𺳲ѣʲôʱԼҲӵֶͨΣ
޽ǰʮӵܣڣҵǰɣ
֪һӣһǬϫڵʮӵϤ֣һ̤ͽһͨС
®ذϯ̩λԺϯϰҲǸ
ˡ
һ̣ͨһعƽ
ϫһҪŻ
૲ѡ


1226 Ӱ
ս
һǺبǵɽ糹׷⣬ӪͷӪͷ
һǺӣҲĽӣ޾ͷ
ϫ֪Ĵµִʱǿ֮ϣһеĽӡ
˵ǽӣʵǳ۶ɣʵĲˮһſž޴򣬳ΪǺӡǡ
ķֽߣ̫񣬽ⲻ֪ٴξ춯صĴսͬҲ֪жͨڴˡ
֪ңңָԶһӣЦɫǴһĨȻ˵İپ棬ȱѪɱǡĹ
Ȼ𾴣ͷҲǲƵؼһĨѪǶȱĳĽ;
壬ƲŻⲻɵѪ𣬶ˣû˭Ĵøˡ
ν࣬ı죡
¡
ڴʱԶ͵زһ֮ǿж¡¡صš
ͬʱ˽Զܿһϸ޳ָͨǺӣһſǳݺָǽ
衭
һ޺һͷ޴ޱȵĺɫ󣬽̤ǿգһ˦һ˺ǿյĳް㣬һֲָͨײһ
һɲǣǺӶһ𵴣ನɢƬǿգһɿɲĻϢڳ˶ɫ䣬ֹ
һĻֲ̫ѹǳǿգԸżΪңԶľ룬ȴǿһɴ˿֪ǵȹǺεֲ֮
ãεǿڽ棬ߣ
֪ɫͻȻأһӣ৵һ¹Юһ뿪

ϫٴλعʱһƬϣﾹһǳС
ղһĻڽ棿
ʱļ²ѣһǳε֮޴ȴһָֽ֮Ƶıѹ飬ǵƣȷ̫ˡ
ǽֻβܽĵطղŽսһӦĴ֮һھ˭ȴ޷жˡ
֪ɫѻָɫɷԸˣο˿ɲǰ
һ򲻹Ц֪ȻҲЦ˽Զݸɲ١
ǳΪγǣͨսһݵ㣬糿Ǳɴ˳ʼпˡ
ָ֪·һȰһ䣬ʹһӵܷ·뵽γС
ףѧԺĶˣ
ȻǣߴѧԺĿ˶飬ֻǵѧԺһˡ
ʮŮǴ˴Ҫμӿ˵ӵඣһߴѧԺӵһҲֳܷߵˡ
γУʱǾ£˲Ӱ֪®ذϯ̩Ǵųϫһ˵ִγʱʱ˲С䶯
Ŀжǻٴһ˿ɵһ˿ηһ˿ĵ⡣
ڴˣ֪λ벽ڸͲ⣬ųϫǾֱǳȥ
γһֱͥ򣬶˴ǰγǵģֹǵѧԺӵܣѧԺѧ
һذϯˣ崺磬ǲЩѧԺǵѧԺΪ֣ϧȥˣѧԺɽһȵλɲ˭뺳ܹġ
ƽȴһɰȻ֮⣬һָ̬ڶԵѧԺĹкҫУ
ǵģǵѧԺɽһҵһ£Ȼеš
ذϯⷬһӵнԶһɵĽУԭͱֱ˱ͦǵģɽһѧԺѧӦ뽾
ڴˣϫҲǸпǧǵѧԺɽжһ޶ĵ̣ѧԺлܲ磬һ·¶ļɵη֮⣬õȵǺεȾˡ
ҲѧԺֱѧԺ紨ѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺ
ѧԺԶֲޣѧԺͷ紨ѧԺλڱޣźʹѧԺλδޣͳѧԺλڵޡ
ΨѧԺռĴ֮һޡ
ڽ·;ϣϫҲǴذϯ˽⵽ԭսˣѧԺӵҲ˽
ÿһѧԺǲʮ޽ӵܣģ͵ѧԺ൱˵ͥ˼ΪǸĥһʵԺⱬսҲԷӳ

ûãγһϻֺĽǰ
˵ǻֺ룬ʵϸԻ
ϾγǱϾλӵıԵ귢սнܱΪס
֣ǿˡ
ǰһĿ࣬˫ü絶ƵĹͷԶԶ֪ˣʱһЦ첽ӭ
һô껹⸱ӡ֪ҲˬʴЦ
ͥγǵĸˣŶһλսİ벽פ˵£ɱʵΪ⺷
һԣذϯ͵ͬһѧԺϵΪֻԴ뿪ѧԺһֱͥЧǧδıˡ
ϫŻȻнԶпһλפγǵͥҲǳѧԺ
һѣһӭһϽС
ӰŮ٣һƲԶѧԺĽϰӵܡ
ʱѧԺһ˵ִԭĽ̸˲ʧԶĿ׷˹ȥ
֡
®Ҳˡ
ףذ϶ȻԽԽˡ
вٽϰ׷׸֪®ǺѣȻʶˡ˲ĿежԾ֮ɫ
ϫһվ۵ףвЦȻ˵ĵطнʾõʱҲ˵жԣ֮´ˡ
գ֪һڴһ
ˣǶˬһЦ㼴ڵˣ˴ߴѧԺˣ˵¡
˻һʱ˴ע
ʱƵƵ춯ɳٴ뵽ӣҪɽڽһľݵ㣬״䲻ڶأֲõͷȴɱˣ
̸ս£ɫ˲ͱɱֹЦȻЩЩСһ޹أǵܼ򵥣սɱĴ޽ˣ˾㹻ˡ
˵⣬һӣǰǶʵɱ
һ̫ɱɱͥóĽοУɱ޽Ŀǰɷֱã
ӣĿⶼǱǰϵɱɫӶһĨȡ
ͥȻó̫ɱΪȻǴֱʣ


1227 
е̸һ̫ɱɱó
һ硣
՝֪ųϫһˣγ㳡ϡ
ʱ㳡Ѿۼ˲ˣѧԺӵܣвǿߣԶǴ޽ɲΣҪһǰսɱС
Ҳսһսȴⲻ֪ٵ壬ƾߴѧԺӵܣҲܽһա
οߴѧԺӵܶΪ˶ǿǴɱжĿҲܼ򵥣ɱ壬ܻòɽûеɲĺͱġ
мǣȫһ⣬ʹŷҵԻǰӪȡ
֪һӵһͻ˻֣ɡ
£ϫһӵܣ뵽㳡һʹڡ
ˡ
һϫʮѧԺӵʧһա
ҵҲҪֳ׼ս࣬ƵƵⷢһʲô⣬Ҫȥˡ
֪®ذϯ̩˵
˽Զͷ

ˡ
ϫٴ۾ʱǳһŻޱȵϡ
Ų󷨣ǽҺ˶뿪
ϫһĿһɨܣΣգóһöͼϱ߻йսһЩ֡
սλڽӱԵشһƬԼĪɵĵشθӣ֮䣬ʱճϫռϲ㣬ڶ籩ȿɲֺ˵Ƕ֮
λãӦսıԵشһΪǵϣϽܣϿɳŲա
κ󣬳ϫüͷһ壬˲ɱڣ뵽ս״̬
ৣ
һɲǣϫѻһĨӰӣԶɳ۶ȥδʹ˲ƣĳʲô⡣
Ϊϣ񣬾޵ķԶ֣εĴ̿ͣ˷ʤ
κ󣬳ϫͻȻפ㣬¶һĨ֮ɫһһ䣬ǶһͷͨѩףʹʨޣɢһİǻСǡ
˵СԴϫѧԺһֱڸУ˿̲һ˳ϫϫ㶼˶ԷĴڣȻЩ
ء
Сһ˻һ˷ܵһұȻǱﻵˣðβŷسϫߣԹƵصһۡ
ϫһæһЩɽС̷СǴǰᣬȴ¶֮ɫƵƵҡͷѡ
ϫɫһͣ
ǳֻϲǺˣôԶ޷ɳ
ʱСƿڣսƺе⣬˵ҲºͲ٣ҿͷСһ߱硢ǳִɷ򣬼ΪҲԺ̫Ტۡ
Сԣһͦţҡҡͷ­Ҳ֪Сڿ
ɵĿŲڳϫʱʱһйԹڹϫԵģֱ̫ûġ
ǰǺǺָôѰ٣ϫæ̧Сë׵ĴԴȻСνС⡣
Ǻˣͷһ˵
Ͼɽ磬֮ԶѰ˸޷ٲ񷣬˵ȥժǳˡ
һӵγɣ³ɳͻγԼǺˣһıԴڣʧȥͻữݽߡ
Сڵɽ磬ѻȡǺˣɽ֮սϣҪѰǺȴ̫ѣڱһϣֻѰٳǺ˵λþҵ
ϫһĿһɨܣüƾʶҪѱֻҪʱ䣬ûУãɾǰװ˷ʱˡ
˴ԺˣΪޣڲϸߣͻֱӱ̭ܹҪɱһٸ൱ڴ޽׵壬ôʱҲΪȵġ
ޱǻСһɸֵĿǡ
ءСҲΪĵɨ˳ϫһۣоһƺ֪ԼжԵذ׳ա
һ𶦺һͷģϫҲһȻ

ʱһķ紵˵ְ顣
ۣ
ϫȴٴУȻһ̽һץʹһƷקһͷģªĹɺѪ絶ŽĹ
⧲ץһ󾪿ּУ˻
񣿡
ϫͷϢֶԷӵпɾΪˣղԼ⣬һ£ԻܵС˺
һϫֱŤ˶ԷóɽһԷļһнɲģǺޱ֣ɽҲۼֵ͸߽ɲҲ١
ⶫڷУ˷֮͵ϮǷʤ
ϫֽʬ嶪ȴ룬СǾǴһţһҧסھ׽
ܹСһɻɬϢǽʬеķ֮ȡˣ
⡭ϫҲЩû뵽СǾɶֵķΪãֶΣԳƵǱ̬ˡ
һ£ÿɱһ֣СǾܼȡһЩȥͲյĴͻ䱩ǣ˵ǿޱȡ
ϧСһﻹʱڣֻܼȡֲһɵĴǳĻӲѶԷķ֮ȫᣬΪá
С̾ƸоϫЩΪβСˡ
ϫԣҲӣа˼⣬ҲɷǼȡֵķ֮ǷҲܻΪˣ
ñôɷƵĵزȡĴֻӶӰ쵽С
Сƿ˳ϫ˼ѣСһӰ죬ΪѪ͵̣ܹȵġ
ϫһݣʱͷκӰеأˣҲǾɵġ
રડСδͷ۾ؿųϫƺ˵һЩ
ߣһѰǺˣһɱУ
ˣϫˬһЦٶ룬תԶɳ۶ȥ
һΣʩչۣ֮üȻһֻĿһͿκαΣ񼴱ڷҲٱ¶
Сǰߣʱһӣһ·׽йǺ˵Ϣ
ϫúЦо˿̵СǾһͷëѩ׵ĴƵģ̬䡣
һ
һͰɽǰСͻȻפ㣬طһ˷ܽһҪɽ塣
ȵȣ
ϫһѽСסüĿȻɨһͰɽ塣
ҰУɽУܺХһֻֻУ飬ǵأͰɽֵʵʵ벻ǧ֮


1228 
ǧͷҲ൱ǧɴڣ
ڻδ޽ɾ֮ǰĳϫԣĿȴڵĳϫǺͬն
Ϊһ޽ɣϵľѹƣɴƾĿܹģοϫѰĴ޽ɡ
ĸޱȣͬİٱ࣬ƣԼ޼еߴУۼսһ޷Գȵı̬

һ̣ϫǼɽһСˮ֮նͨ콣˲Ϣ̺һƬض֣Ҫȫû


һޱȵļд˷쳹һƬ̺УǧͷڷеƾѲ̺ĽԽԽǲĿ졣
֮䣬һȺȫһͷܹѣ
ˣС˷ܵشһ𼱻ǳǰȥӿɷ֮һ籩㣬ϯȥ
ۡ
һ߾ʬ屻եɣĩҺСǻִ֪磬ʬеļ춼һ¡
һĻϫͷСǹɶ£ȻһӣͿʼսƷ
ѽˣԺ˳Աһ󣬱Ȼ벻ۺ֧֣ϫɲάϵ˵ķչˣֻԳôʱ׬ȡƸȻǶơ
ܿ죬һһ޾ս
Сǣȴһδļģһʱ佫ĿǵͰɽϣȻѾӾͱ˹ȥ
һԻ
ϫЦһ䣬Ҳȥ

һεСǿзգһƵģ˲佫һͰɽ촷ۣɻҡ
ವһһȭͷСͨɫŨǻԵľʯ𣬵һתͱСһҧС
ܹ˿̵СǺ˷ܣһٷʢƵģûżȥ̷ͷһ
ϫǰСǵʱؽһ龧ʯסһ㻹ҪĿģ
ȿٳҲ١
ϫûһĴԴӲһ龧ʯק˳
һɲǣ·һǳɫǻԣ貶Ŀһʢ
ǺˣһıԴڣµĳɳܹγɡ
Զ𵽲˼ãͬҲɽ޷ȡĹ屦
룬ϫջǰǺ˻Сǣû취Сһﶪڸʱ̫ãоЩǷСһ
ꡭ
Сһβԥ;׽Եֱðǹ⣬Ϣ̶ʱһ٣ѩ׵ëƮһǻԣһĨʥصϢ
СһҪˣ⣬ѼʮǺˣʵԲҡ
СͻȻڣָϫйСǵΪ
ϫ˵ͷսлҪɱ壬ûѹһЩǺҲ
˵⣬ϫĿȻ򣬵ղɱЩʱҸ֪һΪǿϢӦ൱ڴ޽׵ɣô˻ᣬǲܷˡ
£ϫųԱСӰһȫٳȥ

ৣˢৣ
ڳϫ뿪ãӰٿȻƿնϣΪ׵ĺȻλд޽ڶ
磬Ҳ̽СµϢӦø뿪á
һһʩչĳϸ̽ãȻ۾һɿ˵
˵ʱһĿҪҪ׷
Ƭֵ̣׷ˣСթޱȣڽѧԺĵڶֿʱг˲ٿοΰտ˹涨Ҳ֣һ·ͻᱻѧԺɾ͵òʧˡ
ǽô죿ʵ
ɭȻһЦ°ͣƵԻϢ֪֪ͨˣͲȥˣһΣҵҪ˻ĺε֮ң
ߣҲȥɱ壬ȡﵽԺ˱׼
˵գһٿȻ뿪

䣡
һͨ콣𣬾޾ʢԣض
һͷ޴ޱȣ˫չǧɷΧ͵طһּУҪĴӶݶߡ
ϧһһնԴѪ͸ء
СǷɿǰʼɶԷʬڵķ֮ϫؿʼսƷ˴ϵ൱Ĭ
ͬʱϫҲ֪ԼУֶһϢΪսߺȻһһ֣ԺУɱһͷ൱ڴ޽׵塣
Ź֣Ҳ𣿡
ϫǰҲٳϡŹֵ壬ȴͷһε֪ԭҲġ
ܼ𽡢˰ɣܹΪһԱȻϡ档
СȻشںܾ֮ǰȱһڻеķ񣬿ϧջ硣
ϫҲЩ˵壬ʵҲ̫ʱڣΪͳ֮ȥĸ顣
ȻСͬҲһЩϵĵʡ
ʱ䣬ϫСǼѰٶ֣ϧȴҲѰٲһȴ޽׵޴ڡ
ϲ񣬽ԶϫɱΪСǵв͡
ʱ
ǱϾսıԵشҪɱĿֻ꣬ǰսˡ
ϫפ㣬üɨܣѾ̽һ飬κη֣뿪
ৣ
ͼϸսֻ֮һսȴ򣬹ޱȣԽԽա
ϫŵͼǵķ򣬿ʼȥȴǷֿɹѡܶ࣬Щ֪ѡһˡ
ȥǡ
ʱСڣ˵һ֡
ϫһĿڵͼѰƬ̣ȻһΪ򣬲ǿȴΪңԶмǧѲλսشˡ
ǰĪ֪һЩǵ
κ󣬳ϫͼ̲סʵСҪһǰսʱ͸оЩ֡
СһԵһʱóϫҲа⣬ĪСҲʲôĿĵģ
ȥ˾֪ˣٲĺô
СشģɣȴޱȣΪϫСеġôһǼֵǷĴôŶԡ
һ뵽⣬ϫٳɣСǱ𣬶̶Ƭ̣뿪ǣִǿ
ǡ˴ҲҪɱ壬ܳûһЩôȻٺòˡ
̤գǳϫһͻȻ֣Ժ֮Уڴ
ǺˡǡСĿġټпϵвֱһ̼ð֮̽á


1229 
ৣ
ǿУϫӰһţһ̵ʩչ˲Ƶͬʱǳ֮
һԶ˵ͨУ˫һ񣬹ͨǳ֮ǻǿзɳֱۣˮ
ԶԶһͺñһĨǳ֮ƵƵ˸ÿһ˸ܺʮٶȿĲ˼顣
ǿ֮䣬ʹǳ֮һȻڻ˼Ѳ
û뵽ǳ֮ãǿԼȡǳ֮Ϊá
ɳ;УϫȲԼÿһѨϣǶͨǳ֮ȡǿеǳ֮תΪԼС
ǳ֮£ǵĵܿͻָԽԽ࣬ӶΪҲһ˿ã
¾֮Ǵͨǳ֮ҲǺⲿศɣãҲģֻΪԼδһˡ
ϫһ˼⣬ԭоһ񣬴˴Ժ£춼˼ȡǳ֮ڷѧԺʱ֮ܳΪˡ
¡
ڳϫɳ֮ʣԶǿͻȻһɾҵĲƾװɢŵնһ
ϫٿȻפ㣬ٶ룬üĿңңɨӹȥͿӰԼٶȳ߷ɳ۶
Ӱ󷽣һƬǵذ׷죬ƺƴޱȡ
죡Ȼһ֧ǧ˹ģ壬ˣ
ǰ˸޽ӣһıõ塭
ϻϽӣ
ɲǼ䣬ӰǿҪִϫǰ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲڿЩ˾ѧԺӵܣŮ½紦һڵͼ
ףѧԺͬ
ʱŮҲ˳ϫһ˾ӳϫ紦»ϣԵѧԺ
ɲǼ䣬ŮɫԶ΢΢һ䣬¶һĨɵ֮⡣
ѣðȰһ䣬ұܿΪáһȹ̲סڣ˵һ䡣
лλָ㣬ߵѾˡ
ϫЦŹ֣ЩѧԺӵܻ㲻뻹֪һ䡣
Ѳ뿪ѧԺɹһˣǱһȺǧĿΧֻ²
һߴĺü
ˣʦ֣ĪҪٶȰ˼ǵѧԺӵܣĻõȥȰǿȥǻǸϽ뿪ɡ
һԣһ̬ȵŮüõһԹԼͬµģ
ϫƳŮһۣƿĿ⣬ңңԶʱһ֧ƺƵܹƬ̾׷ߡ
ǵƣȷΪƴǴ󷽣Ű˵ֲϢѧԺӵܿеİλ޽ǿˡ
ѰôãϿɹɱĿˡɱǵĻѹεٲƸ
ϫаૣԨƵĺȻ
ѱأߣ
ϫ޶ԣǱʦֵĺ¸ߴüջ˻֣һ˿뿪
Ƕԣǧ֮Ͱλ޽ǿߣȷûʲôԣǲòӡ
ڳϫѾѹˣԷȲ飬ԲٹȰֻнԶٸпѧԺӵܻһһ񰡡
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ڡʦ֡ǻû뿪ã͵زһɾ춯صĿֲһɱ
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һ˻ȻŤͷȻͿһĻ档
ֻǿУһεӰնɽ赭дһӣһִͨĽΪ׵ǱӲѹһѪ·ϰٵɲǼɥС
⣬ֻһ֮ѣ
ৣৣৣ
ȡʦ֡ǻعٴһͻͽ䣬ݺύ֯նʱиķѣѪ籩ǿз
һʱ֮䣬ɱ޺ŭ˻֯һ𵴰˷ڶսһĻս֮أûɱս
ǰȴΪټΪһ˺һ֧Ƶ֮ĽսҿǵƣһȫռϷ磡

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ɱ
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ʬ䡣
һ̵ĳϫǡһҵľУӲУ֮һո
ǧĿϡ٣ʵʱ֪ƶô֮ƴ󣬼ֱǵء
ɴʱһ֧ȴϫһɱɾѪɺӣֱҪƬǿնȾ죡
һδ̫̬˰ɡ
˵Ϊǰλ޽ǿѳһ忡˰Χɾδѹס
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ǡҪҪȥһѣ
̬ӯȶ˵Ůһ£ʵǿǰλ޽壬ֻѺѳԵ£ǳ֣Ȱ߽ΣɱһЩĿ꣬Ҳһá
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Ȼѩ̿ҲԽΪû٣һ˼ȴûȥƣϾһҲΪĶ
ʦ㣬ôƺЩװɡһͣԥ
ʲô׵ģҲε˷ǵ⣬ֻ»мǲŶԡ
̬ӯʦɿ˵Խ˵Խ˷ܣȻû֮ǰԳϫ򣬼ϫ̫ǿ
ˡ
ʱΪ׵ĳʦͻȻڣ˶һ㶣ԶһƬսʱɫʱһ䡣
ҲڴʱսУݰλ޽ǿ߰ΧĳϫͻȻӰһ͵رһɿֲޱƣȸղǿһֹ
նһĨյĽɨ˷
ۡ
һɺ̵Ѫɽ˿Ŵͷ­쭷ɶĿɴ̡塢Ѫ飬ֱʱǶûüʲô顣
һλ޽ǿȫն
һĻѧԺӵͶƵŴðһɳǺ⣬׹ߡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǿһ֧飬ⲻյʱڣͱ忡ƾһ֮ȫĨɱ
һʵжǿ
ǵѧԺĸӵܣ
һ̣ʦֻԴ˵ģͷ
̬ȵʦ㣬ɫһһףղŻ㡰Ϊ֡룬˼ҶȥæֱһĶ⣬һܡ
ϣ
ɽʣһеĳʦֵˡ
һǾͿϫһȻӰǱѪͰ׹ĲսǿգһѪȶ嫣ġ


1230 Ե֮
ǰϫոս޽һµʱ򣬾һ֮ӲʮԺ
ǿɶǴ޽ɲεĴڣеľ¹ȥϫǳбչأʵֽһõ
£ϫɱλ޽ǿҲǸڻ£һʼı¶̫ǿʵᾪŵԷѣܸһս
ȻⲢ˵Щǿ̫ܣܹս棬սҲѰɱˣֻ˵ϫȹ̥õù
ʱǿ֮䣬Ưһ߾߲ʬѪˮƣƮɢɢһɲҵѪζ
֧ͼ磬ıۣоɣòΪ졣
Сָ㣬ϫЩͼ˵ڲȡһƵĶǹͼ٣ΪңΪ棬ܹ䵱ɱʹá
ǲ֪ͼ˵ֻû뵽ֶپӵˡ
ϫŴһңͷ߿ռ伫֮󣬺ʹɱҲûʲô𣬴ŲֻеĲϣֵȴ޷
ϾӵеزֵҪһһ
գϫջǧ˸ңа˸Դ޽׹ͼǿߣҲͬ˸ͨӲӣɫƵģشƷҲǷޱȡ
ȷѧԺʱһЩʦһЩļֵԼõľ£ûõľȫӦܶһһʲƵĲƸ
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СǻģԽԽǿʢķϢϫҲЩĽôòֱӾɵ˷Ϊãۣܲ
ಡ
һƿ𣬳ϫŤͷȥȴǿѧԺӾԼ߷ɳ۶
䵱һ̬ȵʦʱϫ߲ɷһĨЦЦ֮ɫղȻսȴǽ֮ĶԻһȻ֪λʦԼѩ̿
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ǳʦֺЦǰǸʱ̬ѷ˲С仯Դ֮һ˿صζ
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˵һУʦǶΪڴؿųϫ
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ߣʲô˲۸ڶҲҪù
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飬ǿֻʵԹˡʦüɨһʦ㣬о̬Щˡ
ʦƲƲ죬˵ЩʲôҲԼ̬䵭ʱֱͣȴգԼˣ
߰ɣշսֻ»ע⣬뿪ΪףȥѰͬһȥѪī
ʦֻ˻֣һ˷ɿ뿪

ôӦǣ·ϣСʵ
ʮ޽ǿ߰ҿûǣοǺҲ󻮷սƷʱִˣ粻ȥˮ
ϫڴһ߷ɳۣһʵǰǴϾʲô
Ӧ֮ս̫ʱһֱ˲֪ͨǰȻű䡢пܽԼһ²Ҳ
һ£Ƭƴս˶ǿߣֱʤζʲôԵ
Сûֱӻشϫ⣬˵ƬսпܴڵĻԵ
Ȼһںܾ֮ǰͱ뵽Ե类ѰٵõⲢѰٲöˡ
ĪǴϾӵȻԵϫŻȻ
޷ȷǷѱãԻһȷһ±Ƚ׵СҲ̹Ե
ϫ룬ʵΣ𣿡
󣬻ԵԽ󣬷վԽң뵱꣬һЩ벽εǿߣһƬսѰٵõĻԵģ񵱽ıǻһʥԪģһͻ֮
С¶һóϫвݺһ𣬰࣬û뵽ƬսУϻԵ


1231 û
ݡ
һ󣬳ϫٿȻפ㣬һ˶εӳҰС
Ǵǣյͼϵıעλսĸأսĺˡ
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ϫһɣ̶̵һ죬һֱǿռУǧһ·ϸ֪ٵա
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иָϡŹֵ͵Ϯ壬һЩܾǿеֹ඼ǳϫʶġ
һΣһ˲ƲһǿպڶУֱð亹ǿպڶɲģһ׹Уʥɲζһ˲䱻촷۵궼޷ѡ
ϧһ·ȴûһ޽ǿߡ
ϫһ£սߣǡšҲ˵ҪڴﵽԺ˵ı׼뻹Ҫɱʮһ޽ǿˡ
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𣡡
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֫ϸһɽҰīɫ׿ǣСɽƵͷ­ϣʱȻһ޳Ӱ
ī⸡޽֣īϵӰӦǸ޽ĸˡ
Сָһ䣬СһЩǸˣóɱΣò
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⸡ݿ޳һϮɫѣݺͳ죬ΨһŵɫΣԵΪʥࡣ
ԭеĵѣ¸޽֪ͤѿȤҴһ
һ˽̤īХھϫǧ֮פ㣬޳һѶһ֧ߣͨԲ͸εѡ
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֮оƮһƬƬ꣬ʻ׹ӿֳһ翶˵Ůеĸ٣еĴе߸裬ǵȫڣɢһ֣͡͸Ϣ
սֻκһ˿һĻḧ̾ͲѣƵɣȷ˼ѵüš
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Ϣȴޱȣ
ͬʱϫԺ˵һȺħ衢຿׹ɽѪƯĿɲ龰䡢ɭԵϳʴ͵ģǻˣȱʣǵ޿ɵ޿ɱܡ
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ͣ
ϫˣǲɷһĨ֮ɫһ̣˶ˣŲһ̤գӰƾʧ

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ͤһԴҲ벻Լ֮£ϫ᲻ܰӰ졣

һͷī͵̧ƣϫһϧ͹һĿ£һֱֻӱնϣѪīѪˮ۵˻죬ҡ
һĻʱŭеͤѣҲŤһƬԵޱȣʶǰɲһǿᣬԷӳɷ
ߣ
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ˡ
ڴʱͤܣ͵һɲǣƬؼձƿأͤ޷ʩչ˲֮
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δعһĨ֮Ϣӳһն£۵һеͷ­
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û뵽ͷϻ壬ҲãĸɴһЩɡ
ϫˣҪһնɱīɾڴʱֻ͵һ̶һ͵شӺ󷽵Ĵ
Ȼ󣬺һ죬ǧĶΧīǱһĴ飬Һͳױж
ˣϫɫʱһĿɨԶĴǡ
ֻǼԶĵطһӰ壬Ȼλд޽ڶ
˿һŹӴ󹭣Ȼղһ
ԣӰԶλд޽ǰʮӵܡ
˼һΪ֮ٻˣϫϣһλл㡣
˿Ҳ˳ϫ״ƾȵعЦһͻ˻֣һתȥת˲ͲӰ
ϫû׷׷Ҳûá
ΪԺ˵ĹأǾɱ鷢ģ˵͵͵ɱԷһй¶һ˿ǳϫ޷ܵġ
ҲΪһ㣬óϫɫҲЩͷīôһͷ޽״ڣɱ֮ҲڶɱһĿ꣬˭룬Ǳ˳ûˣóϫҲΪŭ
ô취Ҳ
һϫɫǻָ糣ǰԾҸᣬһҲҪ׷˸ֻҪԷɱĿ꣬Ҳûݺһ
ϫ͵ʶʲôüһ˵ǰЩһﾹҲ˴ϣòҲΪ˵ĻԵɣ


1232 Ū
ϫĻСһ£֪һԵ֮ʱճϫ֮УɣȥҲҲ˵Ƿ˽еİ취
ˣϫ̲סʵǰǻԵ֮ؾʲô
СĬãŵһ̫Ŵߵķڣ
Уһ˿ӵζ
ϫȴǲδע⵽ȫС
̫Ŵߣ
ڣ
ϫʵ޷󣬾ǺεȲεĴڣܱСߣһ̫ʱڵ
߰ɣȽˣֻϣһԵҪˡ
С̾˿С
ʱ򣬳ϫŲСЩ䣬һԴ⣬Īλ̫Ŵ߻СʲôԨԴɣ
ҡҡͷϫٶ룬Ҳ벻ʲô
ûٶ⸡޽ͤϵĲһ飬;ֱ˴ϡ

Ǻ򶼲ͬʮ࣬һ磬ڳһսϢ
ɽƽԭ֮ܿأѵĺѵĴط϶̮ɽ£ӿ۽𺣡
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Ũҵɱ֮
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ףǡ
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Сս˵ֻһս̫ʱڣвٴڴ˼սǿߣϧ˵ɱǿߣɷڣȴʧȥбԴ
˵⣬СЩͳƲԸἰһ£һתָ粻ǿͼ̤һŻУȫ飬ȴҿ϶Ƿ˽УϾҲкܾû˵ˡ
ϫʱʶԭСģ
߰ɣǰȥСԸһ䡣
ϫ˵ͷӰһݣͳԶɳ۶ȥ

һ߷ɳۣϫһĹ۲ܣһ·ϾǾȷ֣Ǿ£˲ǿϢ
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ʱӰںԼĪʮǿ߼սսޱȣһɽͶݻΪ֮ء
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٣û뵽ξȻ˳׵ɱĿ꣬Ҳջˣүү
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Ҳֻͬ⣬еһǻŭ𶼷йЩͷϡ

һӵܸҪɱһͷݾʱһν֣ɱ塣
ŻĹʱİռֱﵽ۷ĵز粻ոպã˿ǵø̾һɡ
һȴӵĲѪԼò׸㵽ֵۼͽȴһߣǵȸожˡ
ɶ񣡾˭
ĸðǧĻڵң
ģӵﰡ
һ̣ȻֹһͬʱҰ
ǽԶԭͬһʱڣǸԶԸǿߣǶɱˣ
һӣǵɫѿޱȣٿԼĶʱֳֻʣһ޽ˡ

Ǵм͸ųǵĺ⣬бŭ֮£͵һƺݺݳһ޽ȥ
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ۡ
ѪѪȡ
һȴǱǺ죬ֱ£ʮĸ޽尡Ȼȫˡ
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ǶУȴ̶֮ЦУĳЦ̼۾ˡ
ϫĻˣĲ㣡ҵţ
͵ɫ֮


1233 ڣ
أڴϫӰȴʧ
Ķò˶ãɣ
ɫÿ£֪ϫڱԼȴȫûԭ˳û٣Ȼ˷ŭ
磬ǽô죿
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˲侲˸ǣղǿɿСγˣ
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ϫɲҴ⣬ΧƿʵѱĲȺ⣬ɹǰĿռ伫ޡ
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ҲΪҪʱܣʱ򲻵òܿһЩ֮ɢǰٶȽ˲١
Сڱ˳ϫϢȴǶǧûһá
ڳϫӰҪƺ«ʱ򣬵ʱͱˣףȻ˸ǣǸѧԺСӣ


1237 ֮дֲ
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෴ôԺѧ֮侭һЩͻͻԳѧԺܱա
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1238 ֮ӣ֮ͨ
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1239 ǿ
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ϫһУɫȴǳʣΨɽǻԣӽնʱҷǳڱڡ

ӡɽײףڳӵϢһ󷭹ݡ
ǵײನǿɲϯ˷֮ͨŶǣһֻµһԽ䳹촷ۻٵ
𺧵ȴЩһУǺӡȻϫһõɣһҲƿأ
۳ϫֻ˺ѣ֮⣬ȻϢδ仯
һδ̫ǿˣ
ɱҲ޷ѹȻΪʵ̫ǿԵʡ
ϧѩ޷ӺӡȫܣһܰСҳ
üоϫս̫ǿ
ǱѩĿѧԺ꣬ɫɲӱŭ侲٣ǺԼһкεǿ󣬾֮ͬеٮٮߣҲѶֵǳϫǵסһӡ˲٣
֤ʲô
֤ǽӡ֮һᱻϫֱӻܣ
ৣ
һУϫܲʣڻ˺ӡûκε飬ٴγɱȥ
ս̫ɲһϣɳעǵڶƸ
ϫǿƵسֹ߳ѩɫһѧԺӵҲ΢΢ɫ䣬˸ǳһ֡
ûκ˼أѧԺӵܶͬˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ϫǿ˵ļƣѲܾʹס֣仰˵Թֻۣᱻϫɱ
ݣ
һյٵƷ
ͣ
һ⼣߲ͭԾգɱϢն顣
ɱඵƺѪֱԴѧԺ͵ѧԺƺ«ӡͬһĹɱ֮
Ҳ˵һɲǣǴѧԺ͵ѧԺӵܣҲջ˹ɱǰĿ˶Ըϫϣ
дҲԿϫ֮ǰչֳĿֲսǺεȴѹ
٣Сˡ
ЦԹۣԸѧԺλǧҪȥֹϫʦܿΪǴһټᣬôʱҪȫϰսʦ֣һץɾ͹˳ϫʦܵһǻѪ
˵Ҳ̲סЦҲû뵽ϫȻӵذԼһæ
оЩⲻȥһ뵽ʱһص񶦣˺ǵҲĽ顣
ʵʱ˭һĻȻΪϫ᧿Σ
Գϫԣȴǰһһѹȷ٣ȴǼСѹ˾㹻ˡ
ߣԹҲãҿҲûָİˣ
ϫ۽һƳʱ˵鿴˸һЦ֮࣬жȴǲӰƿգ̽նɱȥ


1241 °ر
սһ
ϫڿգԣһɽתݻϽ޲̺ſɲ֮
ǵȽڡ֮
һ̵ȷǶȫǽ޽һαƵúޱԶԶȥָأ羪Ԩˡ
¡¡
ɱڰײͷâ֮ͨŶֲ֣սǷ磬Էɽ󺣣ѪƯ֣
ò˵˴νսѧԺӵܣҲûһߣ෴ǽԶһѡγһ֮š
ʱɱһóϫ޷ռһ˿ˡ
Ȼֽ־ǾԲԸ⿴ġ
˵Ǹû뵽Լ˶˳£ȻѹƲסϫһж֮࣬ɱǿʢ
ӸսѧԺʱ䣬Ϊһͻƴ޽ɣչֳս˱̬죬ٸɳʱ䣬ǻ˵ã
һƸǿٲԸڶƸˣ
ԡ
һ̵ǣԶʩչ˻ޱδ˴ҲҪԷ
ڣŷЩӵİ벽ҲִﲻˣȻҲܾϫ
ڵѧԺѧǺǣǾ͸ˣ⿴Թ۵̬ȣ֪³ϫҲԲ˶ŭˡ
ҲǳֿǣѧԺӵܶŻ޼ɵɱ¶ٲȻһҪϫϾɱĺģ
䣡䣡䣡
սңɱòɷֽ޹⣬ֲನ֮ͨŶһ֮
ҲҺ֮ͨһ˴󲿷սನǴ˿ֻ׹֮ˡ
£ϫҲǱгѹɱԼѹԷˣϧȴʱı
Ϊûȹɱܹ֮ӲֻƾսͶԷ档
ҲΪСȫץС֮˽춼ˡ
ৣ
⼣߲ѪƿգӳϫɱӰѪҪ˶ɣ̫ɱĿɲϢ
ϫһˣҲ΢΢һҡΣඵͷųһƳײвһɲĽ˰̡
ܼʱͱٻʺ
ЩˣȻǴɱڰ
ϫҧɱӿ֮ǰһ˿˼ɣɱԷѧԺǳһЩҪ鷳ڣЩ˼ɶ֮Ժ
ͣ
ٳɣ䲻ʩչһռ֮һ̣Ⱥоһͱӱ룬Ѫ
ʦܣ
˾
ҲȻû뵽£ϫȻɱһͬ飬ֹǾȻûвʩչģ
СģСƿ˿ռ֮⣬ʩչط˷գĪҪٸɳ֮
ѣɫһƬ
ռ֮⣡
пһһУɫҲǱòռ䷨򰡣ɽ繫ϵ߷֮һֻβܲƿصϴ
鲻ԽٴƸƸ֮ܺɨѧԺͬǿߣƾʱ֧еġʱ֮Ӱ
ڣϫδƿءʱ֮Ӱȴܹʱ֮ӰĿռ֮֣ܲ𾪣
ɱ
ɱСӣѽ£ܽԺʳѰ

սңǲҡ
ѧԺӵֹܲƴȫƴ
ȴ͹˳ϫյġռơȻѾ¶ŵƣϫȻҲˡ
ÿһ̳翲׽ָָϴ򱱣һռ佣Ӳͬطƾո֣оɱǡһ̿ʩչɱһ˵ǹĪ⣬٣˷ʤ
ۣ
ûãٴһ걻̴ͷ­ͷǹǼѪԽ˳ҽűе
ƣƺѾʼϫб
ǧɱӡ
أǿѧԺѩ͵سǺӡһھѪȻɫѸٲ԰͸һǧɣɲǼࡣ
Ȼһֲ̫ҲֻԴʩչ
䣡
Ǻ޴ӡںڰɷ⣬صһƾڳϫϣҵú㵹ɳʮɾҡ
ۣ
ϫӰһҲǿѪܵ˲˺ǿȻ˴νڣûһ֮ˡ
Һãһɲȴδơ
ƴôȻˣվͿϫӿŷ֮ɫ˵ޱŭһ
ȷѺ޵˹ٵԼͷϣҪϾɱˣֻҲᱩŭˡ
Ȼû
ѩסܹʩչǿһѹɱﵣԭΪɱϫҲ˵Էֻ˿Ѫѡ
ô˻ᣬɱ죡
ڳϫ˵ͬʱ˱ȣûӵ
䣡
ڴʱǻ֮Ͽգ͵زһױȵĿֲ˰ս˾ŭӵ
ɱ
ôܣôܣ񶦾ʲôôǿ󣿡
ԭʱС׽󲶻񣬲ǻԪͼҲȻˣ
ʣ˲ĿսҲһ˿ɬ
ಣ
ҲڴʱϫӰһΣѱһЮסܿƵس֮ͨһȥ
ͬʱСǽʱƴʱҵȫѹͷǱҲ٣
ϫһǴһɿŭսгѹٴ̧ȥʱСѴս֣ԶХȥ
Ȼˣ
ѧԺӵһû뵽һ񣬳ϫӰԶԶȥ˲ƻҪ֣
׷һҪ׷ػԪͼ
սףԪͼдãʧôǼڣ֮أҲеĻԵʧۣ֮
Ķ˻Ԫͼ⣬ҪɱһҪɱ
ҲĿѣһֱԹۣԭΪһѵĲĻᣬ뵽ͷ͵ʴף˷۱
ಡ
ûκγɵأѧԺһȫɱڣȫϫ׷ȥ
ò˵һĪ̡
֮ǰԹۣԼͬ飬ʱʧȥ˱ֹ׷ɱԼͬ飬֪Щ벽εϹŶ֪Ҳ֪θ롣
ѧԺӵȴǹ˲ЦѧԺЩӣۼϫ룬ɫҲÿγˮ
ڵѧԺӵչ׷һ̣ҲǷ׷׳ˣһ仰һڣɱϫԺʳѰ
Ͼϫ֮ǰֳս츳̫죬ȵƸй֮޲ˣһɳǺ


1242 ʾŶ
֮ͨһƬ
죬ǧﷶΧԶԶһһƬҲûʲô
粻ͬгصĲˮʱ֮
ˮˡϫںӿҝһƬƽȴɢһļ¿ֲϢ
νʱգǶʱͿռ֮ܳƣʱΪ𣬿ռΪ޸֣֮һ
ѭµĸ棬ϢĵطĪ̺ߵʱ䡢ռ֮塣
ʱ䣬Ȼûп٣ϡʷıǨ
޿ռ䣬ɽǳ޷Ӵ棬ȻҲڡ
֮ߵķάϵתֻβܲƿص
ಣ
һղһӰ˲ƶԶʱպ֮ǰ㡣
ЩӰȻǵѧԺѧԺѧԺѧԺӵܣһ·֮ͨ׷ϫȴһųϫʱպ
ǼһֱҪˣȻںʱ֮
ԶԶƳϫӰںһţɳ
ҲЩɲ
֮ǰ̽Ѱ˵أΪһ̫ɲ˵ϷɣԿҲܵʱճϫ֮Ϯ
ǵȺҪô˲ԪţһѰ׷ݹǣҪô׹صռ䣬ʧУѰٵ·
ǽԸԳйɱǱƲѣҲǲԽ׳һ
ڣϫȻܲ˵غʱպգʧˣ
ѵ
벻ͨһ뵽ʹ˿ųϫ뿪ȴһǻԹ޴й
սѧԺرԪͼᣬͲĳϫֻǵһϫʱպУЩָôջػԪͼ
ѧԺӵ򶼷ߺԼͬ鱻ɱҪǲۿųϫȥҲʵİ
Ҫʲô
ͻȻüڣĿɨѧԺӵܣܹܵЩһԼ˵Ŀһ˿ɱ⡣
˻һҲսѧԺѧע⣬һɫһĿɨ˹ȥ
ʲôǵѧԺѧɱͬ飬ȻҪһ£
ǿѧԺѩҧ˵
ƾǣ
ɭȻ˵Ǳŭ֮û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˴ǵעˡ
Ǹڸղţǵ治׺Ƕ֣ϧʧȥ˻ԪͼʲôǶ
ѩЦΪȻ
ǴѧԺ͵ѧԺӵҲЦȻ˽´Э飬ҪһԸˡ
û֮ͨʱκͳϫʦһ֣ǻܻ𣿡
սڣɫĮȻ
»ãһἰ£ʱ˶ԷһЦ
˲ˣҪǵĵɱǵˣ˵˴ȻǵѧԺǻкˣ
ҲߣǵѧԺˣ
Щۣսɫһ˶Թɨһۣƹ֮ǰ̫飬һѱ˳Ц
Ҳŭ֮뵽ϫȻܻû뵽̬Ȼᷢչһ
ǺǣǻΪɳԵˣ
ͻȻһЦм֮УѧԺϫɨˣֻʣµѧԺӵһս֮ϫԲɱѹһͷĪΪû˻ԪͼͰ첻һ㣿
˻һѧԺӵܽԶɫ΢΢һ䣬ز١
ΣҲòضԴԭѧԺܹһֱռɽһѧԺĳƺţ˵
οǿɲұ֤֮Ƿбȳϫ̬Ĵˡ
һʱ֮䣬ձó
Ǳ˴˶޲ɱԷʲôѱɱ˴ŲټɵǽԶٳٲ׶֡
ˣ
ڴʱ͵һӺӶ֮쳹ɢؼ䣬дһ˵ĲϢ˻֮䣬ƻصǺ̫С
һ̣ڳ˵΢΢һǺӰ죬вƲһСη
ˣˣˣ
쳹˾ŴΣÿһζߵ֮⣬ʧء
Ҳ֪˶ãǴӻѹʱ𾪷֣ԶʱպУǲ֪ʱ𣬴˾ֺϵĴ
ϣͨɰ߲ʯµĳˢׯϡׯࡢׯأ
˵ǰı񣬲ղž˺£ڸղŵĶź͵жԣѱ֮Ժ
ڣֺճ־ϵ˵оͲԵԲȥ໥ɱ
ǵһսĴô
˲ڣʲôɫһƬ֮ɫ
һѣ΢΢һɫҲһﲻƵ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ź֣
֣һ㣬ÿͷԭǶΪֻһ޷Ĺϴţ룬һĻȻǰˡ
죡ȻʾŶ
ԭĴһֱʱպ֮£ֲ£Ҳܹ֡
ǣһ̳֣
ʱˣܵôࣿߣȥ
Զ͵شһƿ;ȻһӰʱպ˷кȻּɵӰ
ȻҲѧԺѧԺӵܡ
ټڳˣһνڣӵܣ˵ϤˣȻĲ㡣
Ҳߣ
죡б䣡
ԶŷˣǿšġѧԺӵܣԶɫһûκ˼أ׷׳ǺľӶȥ
ʱʱպĿֲϢǾֶʧȻǼɵ
һʱ֮䣬ʱպϿգӰֱͬĹҲо˭һжˡ
»ǿԿóߴѧԺӵܣҲǷֳ߸Ӫ߸ͬĹ
Ȼ˽룬һЩԳսǿӵܣҲǲȡ˵жС
ϧǶ֪ʵѾһˡ

һǳžֻгϫһ˵ĽŲҲ֪ûнˣУǶһվһƬ硣
Сѳϫ˵غ󣬾ʧóϫҲѰٲֻһڴ˶
һ·ǰУϸ̽һ·ǽڡ棬Īµİ߲Ϣ֮С
ûãһյ綹ƳǰҡҷĹ⡣
ǣ
ϫȣ¹ȥյȼգɷͬѰ
ǰһϵԲεֻ̳̳һţһյƣط˳Ծδ
Īǣ˵ؾλ̫Ŵ߾֮أ
ϫ죬֮۳һյӶȥ


1243 Ե
ϫü֮䣬Ŀ˸ڹ⣬ϡ
ɲ֮䣬ԭ綹ĵо͵ųһɻ⣬Ŀ֮ɢļµѹֵĳϫҪϢ͸
͵أ֮ۡ
ȻʧƻһյƣӰڳϫУյĸ߶ȡ
֮۲̽һȻûʲô
ֻǵ̨ڣһ㰵ɫĵͣƺ㣬ûʲôʣȴ̺һǿϢ¹ȥҲϢĥֺ
Ҳ֪úƣɢ˿ɲϢ
ϫƬ̣ջûסСƷĦƺأбδʲôܡ
ⱦǷڣ£Ȳ˵ԺдáϫĿŲһϡ
һյƣҪ࣬ɵϫҪʱƾҲ޷Ų˿
ףŹ֣֮ʵɽƺҲڻ£ȴκβһССţĪҲһ
ϫþ취κβţЩɲ
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ڴʱϫͻȻСĿʱȴûзСӰ
ٶ룬ȴǰһСȻڣ֤ڣ˾㹻ˡ
ϫСԸȡʮ㣬һƨڵ̳ǰĵϣһ𣬿ʼ㡣
ЩѱĨȥǣͨʺ͸βһλðѤƬУһϢ
ءСҲ˳ԣεؿųϫŪһ㣬ƺҲԵֵζˡ
κ
һޱȵζƮɢ˵ʳȫ͸һԿܵջ
СǴͣë׵ĴԴϫһͶ̥ĳԻģ
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ણણ
СǿسţϼϢ̺ľϢȾҩ񾫴
۵һգۼ䣬Сһţһͷ³һҹһ磬ӡһ˿˿صƣһλðС
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С˵ĹȻȷ̫֣ɶõϡ䣬Ƕһ屦ˡ
ϫо̾СĽԺ󼴱㲻ܴвڰ͹֮⣬Ҳܵһ屦ɲʹˡ
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СڳԵʱ籡ԣƺһ㣬պ˯Ϊ̺̫ǿﵽСܸɵļޡ
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䣡
ϫԵһʱھһɽһ֣Ҫɢߡ
˳ϫĸҵæϵ̳ϥһϣ硣
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˵״̬߻ħɳϫǵûָооٶҪѰҪޱȣ졣
أϫĶһޱĲΣĺһﵽг״̬ڣ嫵ڲ
谵ž
ϫϥ̳ϣԣǺܳʢȴͣһȦȦ֮ҡҷӳĵ紫˵еʥ㡣
һ̣ƺúͬˣһ޵ƴлص
֮Ӱ£ϫµҲһɹϵĵϣϫжԳϫһֲ˼档
Ϊ޽ɵһ֮֮ͬм޵УŽ񣬿Ҳԭ򣬷Ҫޱȡ
ڴˣϫ׼ڽ֮󣬸ûϣܹڶʱٰΪһΡ
ڣȴͬˣ
̺̫磬̫Ϲ屦纱˿ϤϫڣڴɢĹϵӰ£óϫΪǽڽһ·߸ͽ
һУϫǻȻʱüʱ΢ЦһС

Ҳ֪˶ãϫһںһµѪ⡢ƤĤǣڵѨϾϣͬһԹԣصĵ֮ϡ
ͬʱǴ֮ΪһͻƵ֮
֮ĳϫһλڵĴڡ
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ɽײǴתƵ쳹ɢһ˾ηĿɲơ
Ȼͻˡ
ϫл㱣ͬһ˼Σʵ޷󣬻ԵԼΪٴν
Ҫ֪Ÿս޽ɲһʱ䣡
ˣԼ㱲ѣܵȫµɱ䣬ҲǲŻᷢ顣
һУȻ벻ʳĪôͬҲǺµһ˿
ΪʱĳϫǺظܵžһܹ˿ٽ磬ֹ°빦ʮѰã
ǻԵˣΪλôԴҲҪڣ
һУΪ˻Ե
ϫһ۾
ţ
۾һɲǣҰУ͵һ޳ٻӰһǾһƳɳϫȴǺݺһ𣬱׾סˡ


1244 绪
ɲ֮䣬һ޳Ӱ֣绪£
ֻǾһƳȴϫƾһɾޣҡҷһֳȻʣϢ񻷣ӳĵʥ
ǵģϫֻһӰܵһĶʣȴδݡ
ˣϫ𶯣һ̣ƿһ޳ӰܣĤݣ
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ϫ͵ѣʶԼһտԼС֮⣬ֻСˡ
ѵղһӰСķࣿ
ϫԼĲ²һǰ仳ɹСпŮϾֻҲµģû
ڣȴЩˡ
ˣ㲻û˷
ʱͻȻСϫͿСһĨӨ⣬ƾո֡
ӨһʥϢƺ֮ͨ飬Ҳǿˡ
ȻСѽһͷĪô
ϫȴ˲ùעЩСֱ֣ʵǰղš
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Сԥϡ
ϫһ㵣Ҷû˵ʲôˣô֪ۻˣ
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ϫԲģ̽ǰһӰòķɣ
˵꣬ҡҡͷоСֻ²ԼˣղһƳľȷֵ̫ͻأСĻ϶ԼǸŮˡ
ϾճϫЩС֪λǹ佾ĺܣϵ£о֮̫һϹŶʯ
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ȫϫϵǣСһ̾Ȼûзϣ
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Сʵ
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ৣ
˵꣬һСϷɳϫУˣϻˣⱦ㡣
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ҡҡͷùһᣬһ̽ȻǻԪͼ
ǵѧԺر֮һ֮ƺ«ඵơѪȹɱвֺ
û뵽˱Ȼǰˡ
ϫһ뵽ս˶˱ʱı飬ͲЦЩζرǲԸѧԺӵܣȴԼС
Ҳգǲϧ˱ұˣȻѧԺʱЩϹŶˡϫСĽԪͼ
ɲҴ⣬ϾѧԺ֮ս˵ģԲȥ黹
ৣ
СٴóһȴһɳľӨ׹ǣһҹɫһѩ磬Ϣ
ϣкڰ͹ɺڰ͹Ϣ۶
һۣϫϳȻİ׹ǣ
ı֮ǣӡĺڰ͹ִȥ򣬻ܶƿֺ塣
СָȻִԲͿ̫ˣһ鱾ǵֵڡ
ڰ̫
һĴ壡
꣬ºǷֱչڰ£𾪴н磬ʱǨ㺱ȻԼǰˡ
һ̣ϫҲ𺳲ѣû뵽̶ʱԼӵ˶ྪջ񣬾뿪ڣκźˡ
ৣ
һ֣ȴһԾĹϡɡ֣ӡһУּʺѪ͸֮
С𣺡һַŰɣ벽ΣͿȥܷ֮գҪ컯ˡ
ϫһ̶Щϲľĸоˡ
û취νڣջ̫࣬ƾ֮һͻƴڣֽԪͼСֶ֮Уֻı֮ǡַ̺֮
һ֣һԵȴƵƵһβܾϲ
ȥȡڣаɡ
Сٴοڡ
ϫԣ״ͣȻоϲûбھ򡭡

ʾŶоʵĴУǾͭŶ
ʣڣ̫ʵģ
ʺʡʡʡʲų̫ʣ̫ʱλ֮۵Ĵڣ˵أԲʱ
ԭڣ˴ͷֲãֲܹȡʱճϫ֮ΪŻ֮޳ͨ
Ѱʱ䡢ռ䡢߷򣬱ܹյֶΡ
տĴУСͳϫһ̸߽һͷųһԣڵ̳ܲ˾Ÿؽơ
ЩƣͬһӰ񶦣һܣʾŹλ䣬Сƣɢһɹɾ˵
ϫ˼ȴϱߣСϣֱڣѾܹȷϣСڣһϤԵúܲˡ
˼ãվûס˳ǰλĪѣ
ѣ
СһͣжĬã˵ǡ
ȳϫ׷ʣС̾˿ӦҲҶʹ޲ýȫ¾ԭڣ̫ʡǶš
ϫֱһľš
̫սһμСʱϫСһἰϢͻ᲻¶޾֮⡣
ЩУСҲֹһΰɱǿߣȴδС˳壬Ϊ̫ʣ
ǲǺΪ
СЩӡͳܼ򵥣ʡҵĸס
ף
ϫ׻̫ʾȻСĸף
ϣţȴһ˵Ҳ࡭
ڣʱҲԣܵ޷޸˺ֻԲţʧС
ڻָһ˿Ļ䣬뿪˴˵أƮĿĵ˰£ɱ˲֪ٵ壬Եɺϣ̫սʱײ˵һǿߣȻ󡭡
ƴУսǸһɱҲΪ̫˳֮УֱǰЩꡭ㡣
СͳڿտĴƮûвʲôȴ͸һ˿Ĳɣ֮С
ԭѾٲƬ֮أ˭Ūˣ¹ȥƫƫ㡣
ң
ϫȻ

С˵⣬ѵҲòӵкͼƬɽˣҲ޷͸ȴϿһ˿ϣ
ϣ
ϫһ֪ԼַӦܲʱˣȴ޷𺳣Ϊ̶ʱڣܵľϲ;ʵ̫ˣԴЩӦ
øģѾ˵ˣڣʼжȡӡеͭŶɡ
Сȴǲἰ£ӿһĨͻԣӿǾʾŹֵ֮ؽС


1245 鷳
ؽһĻ㣬ӳֳһ龰
ʾŶ龰ÿһнԶһͭŶҲˣʱպ񡣡
Сɿһ䣬Ҷý֮ǾŶϤߣһΪһǧҪܵţƾҲֻܶһȽƣΨһĻᣡ
ϫһݣ׼ͷӦĿⲻһƳȴǿһؽ۵ĹĻУˣΧ᧿Σ
ǰ
ϫ硣
Ҫǣǵʱɲˣ
СЩá
ԶҲæҲܼȡ
ϫǸȻɫȴǼΪᶨ
ȥɣֻյʱ䣬򡭡ŶпɾҲòˡ
СĬƬ̣ջͬĳϫľ
ǰģԸЩˣյ蹦ӣ
СӦϫһ忡ϷһĨ֮ɫ
ڽ֮ǰֻǴ޳ΪڣΪٴͻƣսɱ䣬ӵлԪͼرѧԺӵܷУ
Ҫ֪֮ͨʱܹһ˺ѧԺӵܶˣ

ϧǰֻµȽһЩ鷳ˡڳϫ׼뿪֮ʣСͻȻڡ
Ȼ󣬻£ǴԶ͵شһƿ
죡ץʱѰҪ˸֮ǰĻԵץˣ
ףɢ
ˣȻϫ
һȻû
ӵһƿնڳϫҰУȻսԼѧԺе߰
ϫǽԶһܿǵĿͱһ̳ԼɢԵľؽ
ѵλĴڣ
˲ڣĿȣ֮ǰһȴֻһЩСԵЩڣ˵Ĵб˵ȥ
ǻлģ
ϫαֲڰѻԪͼǣǾͼˡ
ϻԵǵѧԺģͷǻѧԺϹŶΪ빦ġ
˿ڣϫɫҲǻ࣬ﻰ⣬ٲȻѾǰһж˹֮Ҫһ
ûʱǷϻҪô뿪Ҫô뿪ʱ俼ǡ
˾Ȼײϫе³ɺһʱȫӿͷ֮ͨʱԹۣԼΪˣǳû٣ҪС
ֱ󹦰ܴɣһ·׷ɱԼȴҪԼ̸ʲộҲδ̫Լˣ
⻰ʲô˼
ϫȻ˵˲˵üǳ⣬ΪѧԺһԱ㹻ˣȻ֪ôĪΪвɣ
䣡
δ䣬ϫü֣ѿЩһԲԼԹ뿪ټʱޣյʱھǣȻ󷵻СߣҲûʱĥƤӡ
ûκγɣһƳ˵ȥ嫣ƹЮһڶȥ
㾹Ҷ֣Ᵽ
ŭȣǰһȭɱͳϫӲ
ˣ
һ촫ĵˣ䱬飬пѪش
𺧣Զû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷ֣һ֮£һλ
ˣѵˣ˴սˣɱսһȡ
ߣϫЦûԷ
ݣ
һɫƿն֣һɫɽһնһĿ׹䣬أɲ֮
ϫӰһƾ˲ǰһư
ţ
ɫһ䣬û뵽ϫӦ֮죬նɽɨɫâƥɢ
һԺɽӡ
ȻϫܣصһһǽɫԣһѾס˶ԷĽУ
ǿ˾
Χ˼ˣҲĿɿڴ̶ֻʱûϫ֮֮ͨʱսǿʢ˲ֹһ
Ծͬʱ񱩴߶з⣬Ҫϳϫơ
ϧϫᷴ͵տ粽ǰץסУȴǺݺӡڶԷϡ
صһعݣ˴Ϻɳȥ
ҲΪ˵ãܵشڰ;һ˲ƣҪס
Ȼһ̳ϫӰһһƽգ˳
ƴˣ
Ѫ״ܹܵϫƸͲںѧԺ涨Ҫɱ
ৣ
ӰٴƾʧնӲӵĽ̺һɷƥ֮·޼᲻ݡ
ϫ׷ԭأ˫ĳһɫ׻⣬֮С
ٴ𺳣̫ǿˣȻȴɷ
䣡
ϫһĳһûܵסӲĵõ棬ͷѪһ֮
Ⲣû꣬һ̣ϫֱһ̽ͽץУ߬Ĳ
˶۾ëȻǿǵѧԺ޽ڶĴڣɴʱȴֻСа㱻޷
ϫڶ̶ʱڱǿ
ûó
ɱң֪ɱңҲᱻѧԺʱûѧԺӻҿܻ죡
ɫʵЩɫζ
ѧԺϫ˴ս֮УϫҲǱɣһû취־塣
ģҲôġ
ϫ䣬ãŴӴ³һ仰ղŵȷ㰴಻סɱҪɱԷ
գסˣȻ˵ò̵ѧԺԼ
أ
ϫ˦ֽһ˳ȥȻͰĿɨ˰սˡ
㡭Ҫʲô˾ŭڡ
ʲô
ϫһĨȡ
һ̣͵شһսԼʹҽ֮
δãƬ̹򣬴ǻָļžֻǵϣȴǺ˵ӰƾҲҲվ
ģֻǰʱҾ˻ͷ뿪Ͼͬʦֵܣô
ϫ֣Цһ˵ʱת뿪˴
ϫҺû꣡
֮£һҪѧԺ߲㣡
ɶ񣡿ɶĻˣ
˲ʣŭȴ޼£һȺ޲ǴԴҲ벻ԼҲ䵽ذɡ
ʵϫѾ㹻ʴȣǾһҲ

ɱǣɱѧԺĻ˰ɡ
߳ϫһһĨŨɱ޳֮ͨϵһ
ৣ
һ·򣬳ϫûеκʱ䣬Ӱһƾʧ


1246 ǿѹ
ɱɱǣ
ЩѧԺʵɶ֮ǰǳϫⱷɱͬ飬ҪǿеĻԵֱ޷ˣ
ʲôأսв˵ĵǷγǣҲû˻׷ǡ
ĪҪϻɱǣѱ˵

һУһҵɱ
һɿšġѧԺӵܣһǼˡ
µľУԴƣ᧿ΣѹƵÿҪܱѧԺӣȴǲƣռݾơ
עһԵȵɱ
ϣǲֻˣԷȴжʮˡ
սϣѧԺӵܴǸѧԺеϾռƣǽ֮Ųʱ䡣
ȻĲ첢㣬Ƿ
ѧԺԳɱüҲƣ˵Ѷѡ
֮ƺ۴һԱȣעһɱԼʧܶĻ
磬ǰѱｻˣֻһЩɱƬѣֵúƴüǴѣɱŸ߹°ȡ
䣡
˵ʱҧһ˷棬ѹĹƻ⣬ɫȴǲ԰
ʱ򼴱㽻ҲܷŹǣϾڣŷѧԺЩϹŶҲɱǵľѻᣬܴˣ
߷һĨڽ֮ɫһɫҲ΢΢ЩףϲһЩ˺ۣѪȾ
ֻ޵Ƹǰûɱˣ
ҧ˵һ䡣
ȻεĶ֣ǿšѧԺǳѧԺڵԶƸһ˺ɨҲѧԺӵһֱӵѧԺѧΪС
磬ǻᰭڱ˴ݣɱ޼ɵﲻͬڣϻԵ֮ء
ټϱ˴ѷĦ˭Ҳֹ֣һսˡ
һر뿪ڣܳʱճϫ֮һŲƣֻ»ʲôˡ
һֱĬɱķͻȻ
˴˶һۣнԶƵģΪϵĵϵ̳ߺͻ˺ᣬȻҲѹ׵ֶûʩչһ뵽ѹֶξȻҪ˷ЩһϣоһͷŭΪʡ
ǿǵĵƣͷԸʹá
Щˣ֮һҪһһǱ𣡡ҧھѹױ˵
䣡
жԶ͵زһɾװĿֲһӰѹգХ
ȻǾǰ˲֮߱Ƶ˼£ն˿ɲ
⾪˵һĻʱ˽ս˫ע⡣
ǷӦֻһһӰ类ɽݺײس˷ɳȥδ׹أоѪݣиһ֮
ӴϿոһͻӰһ׶ݺѧԺӵܻ۵ȺѹһѪ·
֮ӰɣѪԵѪȣҰһױȵĳ

˭ĸ˸͵Ϯҵȣ
ˣˣ
Һͷŭ֯𣬳
ʱ˲ڿ˵ģ忡ףεӰԨƵ
Ȼǳϫ
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ͷɽԶһϲѣû뵽᧿Σʱ̣ϫȻճ֣һΣ
ϫȻ㣡
˶ãϴεĳܸ˽һˣ
ɶ񣡾Ȼһ͵Ϯˣ
ֵǳϫʱѧԺӵܵķӦȴǳһ£Լĳ޺ͷŭ

ǿѧԺѩչɱӡһƬϺԣϫɱ
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ˣƴبʶɱӯӯնȾ顣
Сģ
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һܱ
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ͬʱȴѩǰڶԷ־Ŀע£һĨ˶Էʺһ㶼飬һ˿ɣ
ۣ
һͷ­Ѫӿ
䣡
Ԫͼɱ棬ϼ
ͬʱڼ˿ѩʱǿ־ʵ顭
ɱϾ˿ˣϫɱѩʱҲһ𣬴΢΢鴤һ£һԶԼлҪɱ
գ
һУϫûеһ˿ʱ䣬ԣ̽һץˮֹǺӡߣƺ«ඵҲԪͼݺݾסЮ˳ϫС
ң

ɲ֮䣬ѩɱգֱܵһصԸӵĴѧԺӵܶŭȻɱ
Ǿ޷ԼѧԺرӶᣬܣ
ϧʱĳϫоѺˣлԪͼ֣
أأأ
һ̣ڼǾ㤺ȻĿע£ϫ绢Ⱥֱײ֮һһɺ̵ѪҺҲǲ쳹
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һѹ
ǶЩͬЩѧԺӵˣǵ˭ãƫƫǵϫͷϣⲻǡ
λһҪһ鷳ǰҴһˣӦòٳʲôΣա
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫ֣һܹվĶ֣һ仰תٿȻƾ˲ƶȥ
û취ʱ̫ޣòץСߡ


1247 
ϫߵĸɴ䣬˶Ӧ
仰˵ͻɱɨšġѧԺӵܣٵתȥյʱ䣡
һж̫죬粻ʵһ㡣
ɵغŵӰſĴ̱ѪζŴǻδʧսϢ
һжüģ
ϫһˣѹѧԺʮǿߣɱˣ˴˴ʧȥս
Ϊؼǣ˶Էɱ
һѵսײʲôĻԵԪͼˣòᡭ
ΣȴЩɲ
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һһƵһ࣬ﻹʮ˴ѧԺʹ
ҪʲôһԼµ˼˼
ϫô࣬Щ޺ѹҲһ˳еˣԡ
ĮƽУ̤ǰһһ˴ѧԺӵܣѪɽޱȣɼȴûһ˿仯Ե֮
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ЦˣƳһԱߵķɡ
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֮ˣŷ뱨ʵг𱨳ԹԹһоЦ
һƳ⣬¶ֻסˣղһӰӴ˵ᰡ紨ѧԺеĳӡ
֪ãҵҲǸҲ鷳
˫ָȻһЦ

ৣ
ղϫǾεӰƾո֡
ϫǣԺнϰ֪ؽѧԺ
߻ԪͼѾɴ֣
ϫǱڴеս۾һӺˣ׷׷ŭ
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һɲǣǼˣأڷŭеļˣѧԺӵܣԶˢˢ̧ͷ
Ȼ󣬾ͭ󶦣ٿȻӾգһɺޱȣѹϢ
գƺ޷ؾŶ֮籬飬ԶԶȥƬһͻȻ̮һ
񶦣
̫ľŶδʱѹ˺ɾ֮صˣ
ȻڣУЩϹŶ˵ûսڴˣľҲڴˡ
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Ÿʲôְ
ŭ𣬾˲ˣһɫǱȡܡ
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Ǵʱ͵һҡػΣǬתڣʼұ
ܹʱշ籩ʱճϫʱպڶԼһɹӰ֮ͬһʱ̳ڣУܺХƺȻ֮
֮ӡ֮ͨšʱպԶһֱıԵ
˺£
˾еױһɴֲȡð׹ߡ

ǷӦֻһͱһ޷ܵĿֲЮһǰһڣʧȥʶ

ţ
ཻĽ͵زһ죬һɿֲޱȵ־ϯɲǼԽؿռ䣬Ǻӡ
ʾŶⱦȻˡ
һҫޱȵİӰٿȻڽԡһɿֲԣ䱳ǿնȻʧɫ
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Ум£´ɱ㣡
ˣһҫΰӰһ仰ٿȻƾʧ


1248 ֮
֮ĽӣһبǺӣ޾ͷ
ৣ
һҫ۰Ӱֻһʹգɲǣս֮У
󣬴ǳҰС
һ̣һ˶ޱȵĴͬȼһ㣬޾⣬ܹһʱ֮ܣХڣһУǣҪγһʱպڶ
ʱպڶֲһѣһ֣Խκζһգ
£Ǵܣʱ֮ХһΪʱպڶôڵĸ򣬶촷һա
ˣ
һĻδʱպڶγ֮ʣһɺϵĲӴϳ
Ȼ󣬾ϴ󶦵Ӱǿ֮ϣܣһ˲䣬ͽǸǿеʱ֮ѹ͵ľֹ״̬
ԶԶһͺһſһδ߬סֹͣѭ쳣ġ
Ȼľ񶦡ҲҵĻԵ
ҫ۰Ӱգȼյ棬ǳ貣¶ĿͻͲɱӡ
ǸⳡԵע
ڴʱһºԽͻأأһ߹ڹŷ̬ŵƾն֡
òͨһȴǳǺЦʲô֣ɶҫ۰Ӱǰȴơ
ɽ壬ҡ
һҫΰӰȻڣ˵ʱһ¶ݣ⾹һ޷罣üһɫ멵ӡ
ɫ𪾧Ө絶棬һöϸİ׹Ƿɽ׹ƽһϢ
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ҡȻһЦ̬ºǫѷ޷øС
ϵң
ʯĺɫüë絶Ƶ磬֮
Ů洵ʯ֮
ҡЦ˵
Ȼ֪ңΪλҪһԵ
ʯУǡƷпأ͸һֱĵɱ֮
ʵʯ֮һ֣ȴǾ񶦺֮ԵΪǱѱСʦá
ҡŤͷԶĴǣºЦ˵ҲܿһĻô
ʯü˫ָĮȻɱϾҲȻˣ˵Ȼ
ҡȻҡͷˣΪ㣬ҲܳڴˣѭĪǣһУעˡ
ҵôΪν棬Ե֮ͬȻҲһֳܷΪأ
ʯٿȻһ䣬ڣһƿɲĴΧնʱ䶼ͣ
ڴˣһԷ֣ƬǿУʱͬûµţռǨĺۼ
ǴʱһУǹȥ£ԪҲһ˿
ˣҡɫºɣĪʯţŮ洵һλŮӣʯһλСʦã
ʯüΣΣ
ҼСʦһϧڸǣҲû
ҡЦ˵ҽʯȷһˣһһԵܷãȻʯִ⶯֣ĳҲֻܷ㵽ˡ
ʯüɨҡɫĮȻɽʮУҡŪȻˡ
ҡ˿֣ЦŶԷô˵ʯǴҶˣ
Ȼˡ
ʯͻȻƣ̾ϢҶ֣һʱѷֳʤһԵʧȥʲôã
ҡЦֵлʯֳȫ
˵ţͻȻŤͷطΪʯֳȫ֮ͷɡ
δ£ƾʧƵǹ񲻾Ī⡣
㡭
ʯһԭ˵㲻߾񶦣գǰλ¶ڣû̾˿һţҲƾʧ
ҡվס˭æԷʥˣ
һߣ羪װ㣬𵴵øǳһҲ

ৣৣৣ
ҡʯ뿪ûãĵطһӰƾն֣֪®ذϯ̩䣬ҲѧԺĴӽϰ
УͥγеĴﶫ
ЩѧԺĴ˿̾Ϥˣ
ղλǣ
ӦòĴκһλǵϢĴȫ죬ȴһǿ󡣡
˵Ǹòɽ˰ɣ
ҲпŮ洵֮ˡ
һ硢Ҳ򡣡
ΣλȻɣ
һڴɫԶޱȣ͸һ˿ɵη֮⣬һЩɬĲ²⣬ǲڿڡ
񶦳̫رǰתȥ
üʳ
˭֪أǿʱǾ񶦴ʱѾߣҲ֪ļѧԺӵܣˡ
Զǣп˵
˿̵ĴǣѻָûǾϴ󶦵ӰҲûХʱ֮һжѻָƽС
ȷϧ֮ǰλڳҵҲǲðȻǴǣ򡭡
̾ΪʧһĪԵϧѡ
˵һԵЩϲûϵҲֻЩ˲طٻ԰ɣ
ЦԵΪ߰ɣһ˻δǿɲӰ˿˵Ĺƽ
˵ţһӣƾ뿪
ѧԺˣҲֻҡҡͷ½뿪

ǡ
һ߲ϿС
ϫƵżԶܹһͨڣʱճϫŻǱɢһգֻһƬĿĵĺɫնѴ
һӴµĴ֮أˣ
ϫ֮ǰ龰ɾþ޷ƽ
һУСطؽƣþϴ󶦸ʱҲӵһһɲɿܵľЮǰһڣʧȥʶ
ٴʱѾŲƵƬϿС
ʱԶڣڵԳϫ֮򶨣ƾһɲʵĴһΡ
һڣȷʧˣԺҲҲˡ
ϫų׻ָ侲
ղţ־ϡ
ͻȻСڣ˵һϫȻĻ

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óϫæʵǰǾûб߰ɣ
ȻûС
Сдһ˿Ȼ֮⣬û̳еط˭ȡ߾񶦣̫źʱڣѹ粻ͬҲûĸȡˡ
ϫԣһһɣû취Ĵֲ̫һͷζ˾
ǰǷܹĦһǾ񶦣һ̣ϫ۾о¶һĨ֮ɫΪڴʵ


1249 Ѫ֬
Сɾܾ˳ϫ󣺡㲻Ϣй¶죿
Ȼ󣬳ϫʱˡ
ղŻλ뿪ɲԸٿһȺֲǿŷˣϾ¶һ˿Ϣֻ¾ͻˡ
Сǡֵذο˳ϫһ䣺뿪ս֮ʱҴűܽŶʱٽҲ١
ϫ˵ͷ
ڣ֮Уνջַ̺̺̫֮֮࣬ǡ񶦡ΪҲڻԵɺ֮ٴͻơ
ټƺ«ӡඵɱĻջɽЩϹŶˡ
Ȼϫ޷ȷԼܷסɱϾǿšġѧԺԺرԼУǿ϶ưոˡ
ϫͬҲ׽ԷˣһжҪԷǷõó㹻ġ⡱ˡ
ҪСˣ֮ǰȡŶ̫Ҫһʱ䡣Сһ䣬˳֮С
ˣϫһԺĿһɨܣӰһƾʧԭء
Ŷڣ٣Ķ̫֮ǰε־ֻ֣ò˶ãиǿѶ£ѾüΪȫ
ԣϫ뿪ƬǷ֮ˡ
֮ǰɱ˾ŸǿߣִжʮĸĿꡭҲ˵ʮ߸ɱĿꡭ
УһٸɱĿֻǻﵽ˵ı׼ѧԺеĵʹŵأڴ˴Ժǰ֮ˡ
Һã뿼˽޻ʱ䣬㹻ȥɱĿˡ
һ˼ţϫӰ˸֮ѳ˴֮⡣
֮ǰѧԺЩӿеõϢƺѪīһ֧ʮͷ޽ɵĶ顭ѽнףҲȥһ
ϫóͼ򣬺ܿҵѪīǵλãûٳɣʩչ˲֮ٿȻȥ

Ѫīǡ
ϣɽ͡ӺڲͿУһƬѪɫŨҵѪɷ֮˼Ϊѹֵĸо
Ѱִ֮ڴˣֻ¼ױѪɷʴģӶñɱп߻ħ
һУȻκβô޲εĴڡ
ˡ
ղһĲϫӰƾոһƬԶѪɫԭϡ
ͬʱһɿֲۺʶԳϫΪģ˷ϯ̶̼ͽѪīǲ̽һ顣

һƬѪɫɳĮУһι״ķ绯ʯʱʯܣȻһӰС
еƵֱۣ
еĻϸܵƬɫһԽɫ
еһ˶ѪɫƵģͭƵǶϣû֫ڵһһĵģΪ
ǵģ죬ͬϢȴ޲ǿ֮ڳϫʶɨһɲǣͱǵһʱ
ţ˭
϶
ߣãѾܾûеŮˣϣǸˮƯŮˣ
侲ǵڴھѪ֬ûҵ˭뿪
һɫܲƬһԽɫ˫ǿüͷһ壬ȳ
ȫ궯ʱʧüž
ǵͳ죬棬һλǿߣʵȴ޺ڴڣѪ顣
ͳ죬Ѫ̫֬ս˵ʱµѪ۶ɣʴѱ֮٣Ҫھ򵽿ɲװ
ֹˣѪ֬л̺һ˿־ͨһ㣬ھ֮أһ񣬾ͻᱻӶݵѲ
ͳ죬Ƕ˰֮ãҲŲھĴָСѪ֬ȥɲʥ´ּⰡ
ἰѪ֬Щǿߵʱüͷһ壬ԹصԹ죬Զִ񼫶Ȳ
ߣѪ֬ɵõõǳ֣
治ãǳ⡣
ƲƲ죬ʱٶԡ

Ѫ֬
ԶУϫӰУ˵ĶԻ˸һ䵱֪Щǿ߾ΪھѪ֬ʱҲ΢΢һ
ڵѧԺʱڲؾ¥ĵ伮ʱҲѪ֬Ľܣ̫֮Ѫ۶ɣ̺һ˿Դ־ֹԳ䵱ϡϣҪǣ˱ħԣֱϹ屦
Ѫ֬ϴܹõһ־ɱ䣬һϢ֮塱һɹبŲ࣬ɲ֮
ȻֻѪ֬Ϊ֪֮һѡ
õڶѪ֬ڤŶٶֻ²˰ɣ
ϫԼĵڶ˼
ڶڤŶһֱ˵ΪѽԲڤŶֱȴڵһؾ֮С
֮ǰСҲӦֻҪԸ⣬ָڶָϾָ㣬︨ЧֻҲۿۡ
ͳ죬죡һѪ֬ˣ
أһϲ쳹˳ϫע⡣
ǻߵѪɫɳĮУһѪҫ۵ѪڿգͷųһɿֲѪǽһƬضȾһƬ
ʱһֱ۵壬ӶѪסѪȴǼΪɲסеҷɣҪƿˡ
죡һץסǧˣ
ȣ쳣
£ǿѷ׷׳ƾһ˷һҫƥʺѪ
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һֲֿ̣ƵĳʺѪкƬضûƾ֮
ץס𣿡
˭ˣ
ˣ˽أһҷ֣ɱһ壡
κ̳ɢ˵ɫеĿ֮ɫȴʧһ֮ɫȡ
棬׺ݵɨˣһҪ˶ɵģ
ԭܼ򵥣һѪ֬Ȼƾʧˣ
ͳ죬㿴Ǳߣ
ĿⲻһƳ͵ظ֪һӰһƳƵ֣ʧУƬУȴһĨʺѪ뵣¶м
ˣȻǵı
ףǼһòǸղűǸ֪Ǹɣ
ɱ˭ɱ˶Ѫ˵
һǿɫɱһ̣ʮ˾ͬʱƾ˲ƣǱ߳ɱȥ
Ѫ֬ģȻǳϫ
û뵽ǣѪ̺֬һ˿־ǿޱȣΪѹĨȥһ˿־ȵҲǱ¶١
Ȼϫԭûӡ
ȵȵȣ
Щʵȴ޽׵һѷƵĳϫս֮ǰܷһ⣿
˵ǰӾһԸ˻֣ٿȻֹͣŲϫ·ŲЦ
֮УھѪ񾧵ֶ˭ǿ
ϫֱʵ
˵ʱһʲôƨ⣿


1250 벶
Щǿ߶ԣϫЩͻأЩ٩ǵ˼
ʲôھֶ˭ǿ
һ̭˰
仹⼴սʱ̣ȻԼȴ׳ôһûͷûԵ⣬ȷ˺Ѳˡ
ȻʱǿЦɱɱ
沪Ȼŭָųϫȡ
ɱ
ǿҲŭȻ
һʱ֮䣬ֲֿĹڿն𣬺𵴣ʢĸâ⣬ضû
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ձ飬Բ֮أѪɫɳŰʯ촷ۣһƬ֮С
ȻǣսУʧȥ˳ϫӰ֮ǶһɲǣоҲסϫ
棬޲ʶ־׽ʱɲ֮䣬пתƣֳһʤ
˵Ӱ޷ʱҲͿ֪
ۣۣۣ
һ̣һӰٿȻƾ֣˸ÿһ˸Ȼһǿ߷Ҫô̴ʺҪôԴҪôֱӱһնΪ
һж̫죬ʯ֮䣬ڳʮ޾ǿߣֻʣһ˻š
ƺǰɲһĻɫӲһûľżƵġ
̫죬Ҳֲ̫ˣ
涼ΪԼΣһ޽ɲεᱬսǵɱֶΣֱǾһ˲
ⲻġʲôʱˣⲻܡૣȴǽסð
Ϊʱ͵ؿԼǰһ֮أȻųϫӰ
Ҫɱң֪˭ھֶǿŵһ
ϫЦˣѾ֪еѪ֬ҿһЩ
忡ӣƽ͵ЦݣУЦȴֲĶħҪĺ
㲻Ҫ̫Ѫ֬ʥָ֮Ҿǽ㣬𣿡
ϫȻʲôã
㡭
һɣǰһǲѵ֪ʥʵı֪ôģ
κһвҲ˼һ°ɣһķӦȴ赭д죡⾿һ̥
涼ץˣ־塢ŭ̿֡Ȼ֯ͷһʱմƵģֱصųϫ˵ˡ
ϫͬоǰһķӦ̫⣬ͷȻȱƵɵֶֿټĺܡ
ټټϫɲʲô֮ģʹ˷ŹԷˡ
ɱңܵģԼУҲҵ
Űɣ֮ʣ
ͻȻûκεĿ־Ȼ֮ɫеֻһֿȵϣԼһּȳޣ
˵ʱȻȼһɫ棬ɲ֮䣬ͷٻһƬҽ١
ĺԥ
仰ƹ죬ɳϫȴҲһʻܹһĻ
ޡȷǻⲻˡ
ǰֿȵ飬Լ¶Ŀ̹ǳޣĪأϫиеЩأ̲ס̾һ
֮ĳޣ̫񣬵ȷǲܻ⣬ҲֻѪսֻнһ״ݿ壬ֳ޲ܳ
ǰϫԴ򲢲̣ȴ䴥һ˿ң»µĳޣ̵˽⡣

Ƭ̺һϫԺʼɨսٴĿĴָСѪ֬
ⱦѪˣʺ͸ʱ貵ĺ꣬УһĻѪѪȣһſС̫Ƶģ˻һů
СĽЩսƷϫۣ֮ʼ̽һƬھ
Ѫ֬ǺñȻԽԽá
˼ȻڴھѪ֬Ǵ˵رȻصУֻûбְˡ
ৣ
üĿתڹ⣬ܿ両ﱾʶ۵ס
ţȻв١
κ󣬳ϫǷһĨ֮ɫ
ҰУƬѪɫĮصȻһɻɬѪɫһ㣬õزޱȣ谭ʶĲ̽
һУȴϫۣ֮ʱǵص֮£ɬѪɫһſҫۡѪ졢ʢޱȵĹڵزڣǺȻһſŵѪ֬
ʮ߿ţ
ϫ۾һѪīϣȻ̫ڴսͷ­ѪĿ۳˶Ѫ֬
ţϫһѶһöĹӴӡݺݳȥ
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ɹⱬ죬һͽӲҳһ׵ĿԨԲǧĵ涼𵴵ɳ
ǿѧԺϹŶǼԼѧԺԺرʹãֻ·Ѫɡ
Ƿ̣˹ɱ;ϫȻģӡּƺ«һԾں«ϣವһ¾ͳǵص

ˡ
ڳϫ뿪ãһ󲨶ֳĵӰ
ǺȻһλλǿߣΨһĲͬڣϢǱ˶߳һԿԺеʥǿ
ˣ
ָ뿪ǵص
Ҫ׷ǵصѪ̫̫գڴ˵Ⱥӡ
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ЩɫԶ֮Լɱ
ʱһһȥһ
ǵصشһϢһֲֿٶȳӶ
һĻʱλʵʥɾǿ߲ԶϢһƴ˰㣬ȴϹһ̣һٽɱ
λսɲȲγֵġ
ȻڴʱһȻ𣬰һӰƾն֣һϮۣ繵ְݺύ۾з죬˯˯ǵѧԺԺϯϰ̩䣡
˭
ǿߴ󾪣˲Ϣ׷ײĿذϯϡ
䣡
ϧ̩ȴٲԣֱӶ֣Եǿֻ֮һ䣬Ƭضһ㣬һɿֲε
Ȼ̤ǰɫ裬̧һץصһһʥɾ壬ǸձץѪ촷ۣ
赭дһĨɱһλʥɾĴڣ
ǰ벽޷ȴ԰κʥɣ
һ벽ӣ
ǿ߾ŭȻޱȣɾҪתȥ
ѵóһΣӵԵ̫ܣ°ɣ
ĮУ̩ԣϢ˷ƣϿƻӶÿһĳȻһǿ߱ĳ⣬е˲ƶѲȹ


1251 벽Ծ
ۣ
ϫǵصһɲǣͿһλʥɽ׵ǿƾձץѪ䣬Ⱦ쳤գѪޱȡ
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿϵ̩䣬뷢תǬ˷ضƳǰ
һɲǣϫΪһλŭ
һж١
̩»ָһ˯˯ϢϵһƬҲ»ָ
УΨһѪ֮
ǰ
ϫ֣ȴһɾ֮һ̣˲Щɱǿ߾˭е񶼼ǰλϡ
뿪ѧԺ֮ǰרŽܹλϵϹŶԴ̩֮Ƴ֮࣬Ҳ͸żļɵ֮⡣
ֱԣԺϯϰսԯƾϲ̩䣡
һ㣬̩һλѧԺκѧصϹŶɱˣͬϹߴ֮һϵһλˣ
ϫҺһ㣬̩ͻأѪīȻԼǰʱûһɲĸо
ڳϫľ裬̩ɫȴûзκα仯ǵзţݵ΢΢Щͣûһ˿˵Ϣ
䵱ĿڳϫʱҲûвκһ˿ı仯񿴴һѧԺеĺһƽһڳߵϡ
СһѻԪͼҰɡ
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ϫһÿһ缡ӲձһΪźţ
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ʶ㣬óϫһԺзɿһͷѵҪɱԼ
ҲˣĽ޷Ǳ䡣
ֻЩźսն˶Եȴһ벽εĶ֣Ǹ֮ϡ
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ĿӳϫƿһմСһﶼᵽˣ𣿡
ϫһǿûлͷȥ̩ʹթ
ˣ̩ϵĳŪ֮ɫԣأһ˿֮ɫһš
ѰϫΣұ뿪α٣Ҳֻһˡ
ϫǣ̩䲢ʹթ£һº͵Ǵյ
һŰ£һͷҷȴ㿡ʵӰ֣ȻǵѧԺԺϯϰ֮һذϯ
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ϫһЩĥǰľˣλ벽εĴڣͬʱڴ˴˵Ϊ˰ԼΣԾ̫ˡ
СһֲȻѾڣȻ߳ǾͰѻԪͼҰɣģڣû˭˺㡣
ϫϣذϯĴ΢΢һ̧ͷͿذϯЦԼ
ϫԥһ£Ӧڴʱ̩ͻȻһ̾ϢЩɺ
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ذϯ뿪Ҿ͵֮û̩俪ڣ羪ף͸һĨĺɱ֮
ϫɫ䣬ͷֱһ̣ǷֻһɿֲƾҲ޼£
⻹޲κ󣬵һ飬дҲܼжϳڰ벽ε־Ǻεֲ֮
죬ѻԪͼңҶΣգ
Уٴδذϯ͸һĨ֮⣬Ȼ̩ҲǸذϯ˼ѹ
ûԪͼһ
̩磬ܿ͸˵飬ΪѧԺϰȰ㲻Ҫ󡣡
˵⣬ĿڳϫϣǶһݸ֮ɫĿһϷɣҪɱ˫ۡ
䣡
£̩ٿȻƾʧһذϯǰһĳ
һƣƴب̽Юϴ֮򵥵һ˿̻ϢȴһǰҪ谭ǰһмƣ
һɲǣϫֻǰʹ˫һԿܵѹϮҪκеһҶݣʲôҲʲôҲʧȥеĸ֪
⣬ֻǰ벽սʱɢһרԼϫԼһɲǾѱˣ
䣡
һֲӿϫֻǰһڣʧȥʶ

ء
Ҳ֪˶ãϫһ߰ķʶ桭
˲䣬͵ӣɨܡ
ҹɫīѪɫɳɫǻ·Ĺʵҹ紵Թڿߡ
ȻѪɫɳĮС
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ϫæһƷ־һҲû٣жʱһʧȥʶǰһ棬סЩȻһ벽εĶԾ˭Ӯˣ
ˡ
ͻȻһ
ϫע⵽ھԼǧһͰʯϣϥһ͵Ӱƾʶ޷֪Ĵڡ
̩䣡
ϫпһȴɱ򶨣վӣֵǰ
ذϯָʹлȥԺ󡭡Ѳвˡ̩ⲽ
ҹɫ£ϵˣ̣˵һ紵Ҫ
ɳϫһλڵѧԺ֪µİ벽˵һ磬ˣ˲
ϫ͹˲עЩѾ̩仰͸©˼𾪣ѵҪԸԼذϯ
ĲûаѻԪͼذϯЩˡ
̩ϫǰǵӳϫãֻ˵˾䣬ޣʱɱ˫ۣ޶ֻۣϣԺὥһС
˵գתƮȻȥ
ǰ
ϫ󺰳ȴû̩ӰΨʵķ쳹
һʱ֮䣬ϫ
ԼһЩʲôȴȷţ֮һεܹ̩ܵԼ޶⡣
Լһ𶥶ѣ
ѵذϯΪɱԼ׼ֶô벽ǿ濴Լ
УϫɫһóĮȻһĺһĨ
ޣܹڱ˫ۣȴڱβģЩޣעҪѪĴ۵ģô


1252 ֮
ʲô
ܿܿԴиֲͬĽͣɶԳϫԣ񣬼һֱͳ顣
ϼ縺Ķʵ̫࣬ˣֻѱصѹô
ϫûУһֱڳĬִŵǰУӴߵ򣬴ߵɽ磬һ·ľͷ꣬һ·ĿĥѣΨԼᡣ
һУǰݳ͡
ԣԳųѰ˵⡣
ԣӲڱ˫ۡ
ˣߵһ
ϫӲǸɱ޹ˣ෴ڰЩͬ飬Щѣƽ֮£ԹۣԴʱҲĴ
һֱرģ

ʱϫһλǼ֣սÿһϣѰٵӰɱĿꡣ
ʶ˸ָ壬Ѱٵֻʢĸɲġ䡢
ͬҲܵһδεΣգһδεķԣ
սϾһսֲеǿߣڴ޽ʵ£Բܸϫʲôв
֮ɱ֮ǰڣѪīľ䣬ԵЩƽ
º
ǡ
һɽۣ֮»ˮһƬԣ죬Ӱ涣Զһͳ޺𣬳еô˵ġ
ϫһ࣬žƺ«ǿա
ɽԣںڳдҡҷͷһԲԣȫԡһƬ͵ĹС
Сſߣͷરһ޹ǡ
Ȱ鶼һҪȥһǴľͷ
ǲ췱ǣϫҲ֪ʲôǷһĨȣͻȻȻһЦͷоơ
쳤Х
ع㡣
Ұ
Ĺ鴦

ʱ˷
˼Ρ
ҹٱ
Ц̫飡
Խ࣬ϳ羪׹˲Ϣǣǿƻص
һ̣ϢϵԶͣжɫв޾£¶һ˿֮ɫ
ÿһ۶ӯŴɣϸһƷȴֻһ׺ܼ򵥵ʫжʫȴʫƵϡ
ǿԻ
ʫϣϵ

һХϫл۵һɨգҲ֮ᶨ֡
Դɽֹܵ׷ɱѧԺྺʹѹֱսҲԵ˵ĴɱѪȵĥ£˴ϲŭ󱯴ޡ
һжУһڳʱһХЩ֮յɱ
أڹ
Ұڴۣ֮

γǡ
㳡ǰһƬѹ֣·𶳽̡
˴սĿˣѾĻʱ̣ߴѧԺӵܲٶɿˣ׷׷سС
˵ʱԭֵϲúصʱ̣ΪĳЩԭڳϹŶɫѿޱȡ
ǿšġѧԺĴӽϰɫüʳˮᰡ紨ѧԺĽϰɫҲЩɲ
ΨѧԺ֪ǣɫȴԶЩŹ֣ҪЦȴֲʱЦʹ˵񾭡
ߴѧԺϰǲͬķӦҲߴѧԺӵܵϣɫɲɫŹ֡
һУԴһˡϫ
֣ʵ̫ˣսǱӦͬ飬һɱǿߣгϫСȴкҵӵܣ㱰Ӳ̵оֱ˷ָ
͵أһλѧԺĽϰҲ಻סŭȳųӣƢǻ𱬡
Ҳŭ˴սУѧԺӵʧأȥʮˣȴֻضʮˡ
ҿѾЩɣĺ޼ɣһΣǿɾԲ
һѧԺĽϰҲ߿ڣǴмġ
ôǵѧԺֱ񻹲̬ѵǻɱ˲գ۵Сħͷ
ʱˣ֪˾ȻûƵģ첻ԣǳŭָѡ
ѧԺĽϰѧҲ׷ŭӹ
λϢŭȻǿˣⲻ˻ֶԿˣοս֮У⡭ţһЩġ
γǵͥﶫˣԲﻰ⣬ȴЩƫ̻ѧԺ
ѧԺĽϰѧŭ
ãҲ˵ЩӲֹɱˣѧԺرƺ«ܸɣ
ҧг˵
ҿѧԺĺӡ
ҴѧԺඵƣ
Ӵ˻˻һʱѧԺἰرʱЩϰ޵ò㱩ߣŭڡ
һ£ҲֻܿЦа̾û뵽ԼѧԺʱΪƸһһĿˣ룬ϫɱƸ껹Ҫ֣ɱ˶ᱦĹɵѧԺͷˡ
ʱ֪ҲٳĬɿһʼλѵҵҲ⣬ǣǿ˰û涨
Ʊ磡
ƿڴĭ֪ϣûйؾɱ˶ᱦֱд
ߣϷɲʲôزأϫǿɶӦѧԺϰҲ׷׿ڡ
һ£֪ǱŭɫһһɨѧԺϰ˽⣬Գϫ飬ѧԺӵǵϣɾᷢ顣
ֲöͣ˻Ҳ磬ñףһԵ®ڣһм֮ɫĻ
仰һӴʹѧԺӵܵģ˫Ŀֱ
ô˵ǲ㽻ˣ
һһһ˵üһƬȻɱ֮⣬ͨ뺡
˻һնʱý
üͷһ壬ȴֹ֪һǲЦͻȻ¶һĨЦݣ˵ˣһֱδλͬдһվҲ˽һź
֮ǣҪôսҪô죬ǾǲϫԴǿƽͣʵζҲǿ֮
ˣɱŵ˼£սһ
λǰ֣
ȻڴʱһȻ쳹һͦӰƾո֣忡ǿգǳϫ
ϫ˽Զ궯ǿšġѧԺĽϰӵܣԼĳ޺ɱ
֪ȴüͷһ壬ȴԣŻƿסƵģȻҲܻסϫȫ
һУϫȴû¶Ƶģֱ֪ǰݹȥһö򣺡ǰ龭мأôһ֪ҳϫ飬ǡҳ顣


1253 ȥ
ҳ飡
˲ۣڳԭɫѿ֡
ཻڴˣǾעǱϫݸ֪һö
ЩӵԼµʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣
˻Ǻܺ棬оһЩʲôóϫţȻɻƵĽŶڴˡ
һöӰ
֪һ۾ͿڶԳϫţûκγɣͳڵҲȿһһ飬Σ
ɫݵĳϫԼ֪ƽǿƵ̬ȣѧԺϰɫ΢΢һ£ԼоƺҪһЩõͷˡ
ˣ
ǴӦֱ֪Ӱ۳һƬĻո֣ڳÿ˶ĻеһС
Ļãܿ۳һֳڣڵ޳ͨϫһڲȺг̣ȴܵԳѧԺǧ˵ڮٺв
ԭǣѧԺһӱɱЩ˶ŭ˳ϫͷϣһУϫʼδ粵ᡣ
ѧԺȻ÷ȣ
⣬֪ޱ飬һ䡣
ԣѧԺӵɫһ࣬ŭߵһӵһۣһɸֵģ
ãĻֳϫ͵ϮĻ棬޳ͨڵͭŻǰ͵Ϯϫģǧƺ«֮
һóϫͭŻϣпѪͱĨɱ֮
ˣ֪®ȵѧԺϰɫһкӿϢһ˿ɱ֮⡣
ڮҵѧԺӵܲ˵Ҫ͵ϮɱڣȻֶΣ֪ĮȻѴһ˿ŭ
۳ӵȳѧԺ֮Զɫѿ粻
ǵȻΪǧ˻˳޳ϫ޷ΪƸѧԺĳ𣬿ǻû뵽ϫһж¼
ѧԺ˼һĻеǹĻнҲһЩѿĻ档
ڳ룬ǹĻһֱڳӳһĻĻҪֹˡ
ӰеʾŶеһڣšġѧԺӵΧˡ
᧿Σ
ˣ֪ɫҲܹ󵽣ڣУԼѧԺӵܱȻգȴû뵽ڣڵвԼӵܾȻܵѧԺִ
ѧԺϰɫཀྵӲһƬٲ֮ǰڵӣ˪Ƶģˡ
ĻӳֵģǳϫսѧԺӵܵĳѪȣ𺳣Ҳ˲Ŀע⡣
һУ֮ǰһĻĻȣ˹עĽ㡣
ˣĻһա
еգȴǳѹֵ˼¡
֪ɫѧԺϰɫҲòȥˡ
ѧԺӵΪЩҲһֶԿ;ɲ޺ǰɣ
κ󣬳ӿڣͳԴһɷŭͲʡ
˼Щԭûûסȫɱˡ
ڴʱ֪˴𸴣ͻȻǰɫƽ̹Ȼ˵
˻һȫȻ
ѧԺϰȻ֪˭λϹŻʵһĴжĸʢܲʶ
ҲΪԵ׿ڳɱôѧԺӵʱŻЩš
ϧ̫죬Ҳ׷Źǡ
ʱҲ촽ĮȻڣöһ˿飬ڳɫһ
ҽʥһ̣һһݷѧԺʱָ̡
ͬʱһ°ɫɮµķһţƽڡ
ˣһǻ˺ᣬһǷһȴڴʱͼһα˶ǿšġѧԺĲڳһ
ϫҲ΢΢һԼ˼ǵģǲɷһĨ޵Ц⡣
ΣҳѧԺƺ«ܵҪǰɣһҧؿڣԴһ˿ɬ
仰ٲȻѸûʲô
û취³ٱĿӰҲ֪һԹ˭
Ҫҹ黹Ҳܼ򵥣ҷѧԺ֮óǵĳŽˡϫԥڣֹƺ«ӡඵҲˡ
˻һ˶ܹóǴҪԷһʴۣϫŻᡰ赹ԡ
ν⡱ѾǸ쿪ۣȻǮûʲô
ǸѰһ޽ɸ˺Լ˵Ȱ벽ڷһɣڣȻô
û취֪ǻһ໢ء
ԣҲֻŭ⣬Ϊ
ǲǡ̫ˣ®ͻȻüڡ
ţҲôоǵѧԺ˲ٿ֪׵ͷ
˻һӵնݺݳ鴤֣ѧԺеļһϵСûһö
ߣϣúñܣǶʧˣо𣡡
һݻֱӴųѧԺӵתȥû취ʵڵ֪Щһʲôˡ
ˣšѧԺҲɫطȥ
ᰡ紨ѧԺĽϰӵܣһֱԹһУипѧԺǿ֮࣬ҲңһûǵЩѧԺĴͷ³ֻºͳѧԺûʲôˡ
ûٷʲô˷׷ȥʼȻҪ뿪γǣԷԼѧԺ
뿪֮ǰ磬ҪΪ˴ԲĸѧԺӵһȻʱ䷢ɱ˴սбӵܡ

ϫĲ
뿪֪Ц˳ϫһѵõĿޣϾӡУ֪һֱһЦϾģ˼Цޱˡ
ǰˡ
ϫ˹֣ע⵽г֪®̩䣬ûذϯӰ
úһϣҿǺڴսеı֡
֪˵գͺ®̩һ뿪
ԭϫ̩ѯһЩ飬һĻҲֻա
ţ
ͻȻϫĿɨһ࣬ȴԶԼɫкԹ֮ɫ
ֹЩӵܣսһҲģҲڣϫһ٣ԲܶԳϫκκøˡ
ϡƺʧˡ
ϫˣȴǺЦڣ˵һĪĻ
˶һͷˮΨɫҲƲס΢΢һ䣬гԹͳޣһ˿ȻƺҲû뵽ϫôܹȻսء


1254 ˭ǵһ
ķӦϫѸϡ
ǰսѧԺʱȷɵأΪʱֻڣԷѾǴ޽ɡ
ѾǴоͬн޵УԲٰעˡ
Ǵ˴Ǹ֪ѧԺϹŶһǧְ취ɱԷ˵ƣ֣ܶϫҲ
·ܳɱԷĻᡣ
ֱӵ˵ĴڣѾԳϫһ˿вȻԷ̬ȡ
һ̳ϫתȥ
ųϫ뿪һӵɫԶΪѿǰǻ޹˼ǰѹϫڡȴһ˸ǰȥƣ
ͽ껨ƣ˲ͬ

ϫ
ϫ뿪ʱ׷Ǽ
һλԼֵ˲ѹͳ޵ϹӵܣϫǺкøеģֹЦкָ̣
ȻһЦݹȥһɫ᣺ҽģ˵޸һ𱦡
ϫһɣ

ЦζڽѧԺڶֿʱЯķ𱦶֣ôҲһǸ⡣
ϫʱ׹ԶȻͿһϮɫɮ۵Լȥɫͷ˫ֺʮҾתȥ
ҿҪһлɵĺˡ
ϫЦЦӹһɫᣬͷɵҲûʲôޣԷѱϿǸ⣬ȻҲȥ

ԭ޸ͶƵķš
γһƵĹŽУϫϥеĵɫᣬһùŷļص֮Ϊ߷ɬ£еֶνԲͬ
Ϊһֶ𱦵ķţǷضֶΡ
⡰߷ĽܣϫŪףԭͶƣǷһպĹŷ𱦣̫һ֮컯
ϫǵãͶڤຣǿຣ̫ʱѹ˲ͨȻҲ˲̫䣬Ͷƾ֮һ
ϫջ˱ʱһ򣬲мصȴʹͶƵķţ޸֮
óϫһֱΪҲֻܽͶƷڸУõеġͶ򾻻Ƶĸ
û뵽̤ЬٴȫѹĪǾڤڤעһ컯
ΪԽߣϫ̬Ҳ֮úͬӵһֶࡢصĸ֪⡣
ͺñһЩ飬£޽ϸ磬ȴܴݳ̫ܡɺϡĵط
һ˿˿ġɺϡһʼ
ӵ⡮߷ǿԽҲ޸һϧʱִ̫٣Ҫ뿪ҲֻܵȷѧԺٽ޸ˣʱԼܼʶǵˡ
ϫһеɫ

ҹĻ٣γƻͨ硣
һʮŸɱĿ꣬սȻܴӶлһ
˻֮磬ҵȵȰɡ
ǵҲǣֻǳϫһûˡ
ɱһ̫ףףδѷֳѧԺī࣬һʮŸɱĿ꣬ɴ֮߸Ƕپʮ⣬ɱȻˡ
һлҪǵѧԺĳϫִֳܷϾСһսɷͬѰ
Ϲ֣һѧԺī룬Ȼܱ죬ʵϣԺɼ
ѡ
ҪϣҲʵһ֣е츳ޣȱӢز̾Ϣ
ϫִʱһӴдΪ֡
ī룿
ϫֿİĺܡ
ףǸСһˡ
죬óǵѧԺ£һɱ˶Ŀꡣ
ԶԶԣҶսıֿɺĽš
ϫӰڴ֮⣬ĿⶼǷ׷۹ˢˢ˳ϫϡ
ǰͬǣֹעϫûʲôоܣҲܣ̬ƽݣٲȻɽڣԿȻζ
Ŀ£߽˴֪֮ǰһһһϯ
Ƕȥܹ룬ǰİϣɱ
ֱһ̫ɱӣλڰ룬ԼĪƸߣͨںڣԼֳ˿˿Ƶ˺â
ɱֱⱦᦺˮɵԶϼƮǧΪеľƷ䱦
ͬʱϫҲע⵽һζϯšġѧԺûв
һ뵹ҲϾڰʱѧԺν棬Ļ뵽ϯС
ţǼһīˡ
ϫע⵽ѧԺϯһڴԼü䣬ϢҲΪǿӵд޺Ϊ
óϫԷīԭܼ򵥣ԷԼĿ˲ͬһ˿Ƶζ̸ϵ⣬ȻԷЩԼӶԼһĿꡣ
ϫвȻʧЦԼĿսǺ£ɾ͵ĶԷܲסսʧܺĳش
ϫ½һۡ
ʱһ֪񿪿ڡ
ϫûгɣó£˹ȥ
һĻеʱѻȸ˵ĿⶼǳӹĿ֮⡣
һ̣֪Ҳһ˿ţѧԺеӵҲֹһκѧԺһдʤԵѧԺӮӶࡣ
һкͬѧԺ֪ðһī룬ɱ޽ǿߣһѹ˷ɡһͷ
Ϊī룬κλɣǰλñȻᱻѧԺһգϧƫƫīˡ
Ҳһ˲ͷߴѧԺһеУµѧԺӵǰ֮Уվ̸ʲô
ҺãһлûΪгϫڡ
СӾһЩ飬һΣǧˡ
֪аֹһһĿڣսһʱɫʱһͣǶס鴤һ£þòԡ
һĻˣǴɼޱȣǺõ죿
֣ɼΣҿɶأǳɼѷ˵һĻǡͲҪˡ
®̲ס˵һ䡣
Լ֪µ˹ȥ
һ̣®ҲƵس鴤һ£һ£¶ڵϡ


1255 Ϣ
˿֪®ΪѾõİ벽ڣѼʲô
ڣǾ¶һ˿֮ɫ˺ˣǳϫ˴սеĳɼģ
֣ʱˣαٲزҴҴ
˰಻סѧԺһϰƣ඼ƺϹ֡
ǰ۳ɼӣܷ˵Ҳ÷ֳ£ҶſһļӵܴӶжһ̫ɱء
ϰҲ׷׿ڡ
֪®һջ֪񿪿ڣһЦͻȻһĨŹ֮ɫλֻ˵ĿԽܰ
ϫԣӣаĿѵĺѽôȻû˵ɨ֪ͷ
ִ˻ЩСˣλǿɲǴﴳģʲôûܲһСһս
ϹִЦȴΪΪȻ
ϰҲ׷׵ͷ
죬ٵθڣϽɡ
Ϲû˵
֪ˣҲٵθڣӴ³һ֡
ȻȫԭΪȻɫһͣȻãȻϤһĨȻȻ
вӵܸǿƲסʧôܣ
һʱԵΪ죬ḻĽϰڷӵڻȻٲȻγһԱȡ
֮Իˣ֪񱨳Ŀ̫𺳣ֻ֣ǧ
Ƽ򵥵һֻ֣Ҫһ룬κ޷򶨡
Ϊǧ޽ǿߣٲȻѺһ֧ģӴĴҲûʲôˣһнֻڣһɵģ
֮ʱУϫһƽÿɱ˽ʮ޽ǿߣ
Ҫǣϫǰ벽ʥɣֻǴ޾Ϊѣս󣬵ӣУ˵ɱǧ޽ǿߣȥѰҵĿһΪѵ飡
һУǾǧĿĺ壬Ƶϸ˼ּ
ģ
ⲻܣ
⾿ǲģ
𾪹󣬾ʣҲӲ˵˵ȷЩԽһŵĿ
֪®һĻʱЦˣ֮ǰĿʱγҲ飿
ͬʱҲһĨԺѧԺд˾ӵܣȷֵǽ
֪Ϊ˳״ɻ󣬽ϫ½һЩϹŶһһĿվ˴˴ߴѧԺϿ˺Ρ
ϫȻ˵֮ĵһ̫ɱӵĽ

һ硣
֪˴ųϫǣǱ𶫿ʩչռŲ֮뿪һƬս
ԳϫЩӵܶԣҲζԺĻ
Ψһ֪źǣǴ˴ǰʮӵܣѣս֮С
Ҳû취飬վսķ״Ƶǳ䲻ĳ֣֪Щ벽ȥ
ССźȴû취赲ӵܵ˷ܺϲá
ΪοУǻ˿Ҳ˵ǷصѧԺ֮ݾͽԺһԾɱΪԺӡ
ԺǿѧԺҪĵط
ܹڵӵܣһɫȫǴ޽״ڣɽһǿ߻֮ء
ĽϰҲһѧԺеϹŶͨ졣
ԴˡҲȫѧԺ׵ģ
֮ԵѧԺԺǧӵܶԣܹΪԺӵһֱĿꡣ
ȻҪԺ㣬Ҳô׵飬ҪԺпᡣ
Ժġ޽񡱣ֻѧԺİ񵥣ԺС緽񡱣ʥ񡱵ȵȵȵȰ񵥡
Ӱ񵥵ķֲϣܿҪԺռһϯ֮أǼ򵥵飬ͷأλ̳Ǿ͸ˡ
һж޷赲ЩոͨˣѧԺӵܣԺ·ټңվһ⣬ġ
У˭ҲԸʹ˸ƽӹˣ

֪˴ųϫЩӵܷصѧԺʱܵԺһڽϰӵܵһ»ӭ
䵱֪˴Ժ˵ĳɼʱһ̾ǳϫı֣Ī䶯
̺֣֮ϫܵڶྴĿעӡ
֣ϫȴͨԺ˺Ľǵãܹÿ˵һߣ˰ֵܹǰ֮еӵܣ򶼿Իýʹŵصʸ
ڳϫԣҪġ
ϫЩźǣ֪ȷȷͷɡսˣӵ˽ѧԺʸ񣬿ȴھͽ룬Ҫȵ֮
ΪʹŵصĿͬƣʱ̾ܽģˣҲֻ˽ˡ
֮ѧԺΪЩ½Ժӵܻأָ֮ԼһЩԺʱעĸ
ʱ䣬úúԺͬİɣԺ󡭡ûôܹˡ
֪һƮȻȥ
ϲʦ֡
ϲ硣
û뵽õȻͨˣ
֪ЩϹŶһ뿪һӣʱԺӵܷ׷Χ£ϫЩԺӵܵء
ϫȻҲյغѣֵǣֱʱҲûʡǵӰһ˳Աû
ˣҼҴСг˳ԱǰɽһؾȥˣôҲΪ˺úôһ
ԯʺܼʱسˣϫһУСģ˴ʱԯϵһЩУԯϵĵϣݻʲô⡣
ϫŻȻ
ˣһ⴫ѶǰսʱҼҴСյҵʱת㡣
Ǹҵģ
ϫһУһ̽ײ΢΢һ۵һĨӿϲ⡢ŭա֯
ϫҪҪȥɳƣսϴʣһգȻѧԺô˻ᣬҽһսϵЩ
ԯȴûע⵽ϫĿεϫ롣
ֻ²ˣҵǰޡϫСһ˵
ޣԯһ̲סʵȥʲô
ȥһˡϫĬƬ̣ݵʦ𡣡
ʦ
ԯ𾪣ϫʦָǺηʥ
ϫתߣʱҶ룬æ׷ȥھҪȥ𣬲ҺһҲȥܰﵽ㡭


1256 ū
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סֻ֣֮⣬Ҫ㾹֮Ҫ̩Ƥɱϫ⣬Ѿǵĵߡ
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˵ԼˡʱҲɱһĨ˵ĺ⡣
ףԼüףô˵֮ǰǲͺһݼ̩ʱע˴жʧˣ
ˣ̩һֱǱڵѧԺ£Ҳҵ͹еӰôǰ̩ƵСǱ߰
ڣ̾Ϣ
ü䲻ӿһĨԭȻ򶨵飬Ҳһ
û뵽ԼλףһʼжʱעʧܵĽ֡
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ףʲôʱܳأּ֣̲סʵ
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ӦþɳǸ
ԯʴǵطɲңɳеʶһЩѣԴǿд̽һ
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ҴѶһССꡣϫ䣬ƽ

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ﷷūֹеսҲһЩһЩϡŹֵ壬ԷɣеˣԹԨֻСľˣޱԭ֯ƲŮȵȵȵȡ
У硢塢ԼϹûȺĺΪūȻЩū̫⣬ǾģҲֻһЩضĺвܵüһ档
֮ūóٲȻΪ𷻵Ĵʣÿ˲֪޵Ŀǰ
ʱ֣һֵʱ̷̯λڿֵ࣬ߺȣһƬ
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ūó֮أ˶ӣԯʴܣɿ˵

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˵̯λʵһС㳡Ҳûʲôڴһƽ̨ƽ̨ϸһ˶ӣǧ֮ࡣ
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ЩūģǶʮɫ뺷ˣԶɾΪһɳҲΪˡ
ʱƽ̨ǰһ̷ģ꣬ϲ·еū̬ȵΪȳ
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ʵҲˣϫĿֱӴҵɢŮӣֻüɣģɣСţ͸һĨζ
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ϫһǿ԰һ˿ĸо˵
̷ϲ˵ЩʲôȴбѺŮ̧ͷеУҲӦҲ뿪ҡҪһˣ


1257 
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ϫһһˣ
СˣЩʰ㻹ˣҺݺݴ򣬿죡
ؼʱС˸Լӣ̷ʱƤһȻŭŭ
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ҪͷϫͻȻһߣѰɶУȴ羪װ㣬ǻһѪڣ궼еҲ֮׹䣬һҲǵˡ
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̷ŭޱȣʶʲôͻȻɫһ䣬ɫѴһĨηӣǣ
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̷νǺȻҲΪϫڴˣôԷԼ֡
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˱ɳǺպһ޽ɣ죬ν˲ʶ
ֵ֣˽Զ¶һĨη壬׷˺ѣڳһƬټյء
ΨϫԯյУԵΪۣȻ̷͹һصӰҲС
ǺǣܺãĳӣЩ¹أȻǺֶΰ
ĿһɨȫЩزʱɫһ±ñսĿ˳ϫԯϡ


1258 Ƭײ
һϢȻƬأøַ׷˱ܲѡ
Ǵ޽ɣһŭײϣǱǾ
ˣϫٿȻñ䡣
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ԯٶԣȴЩͬǸˡ
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ڳĿõһĻ޲ˢˢһȻѡ
ǿɲǰ˲ֹǵѧԺһԺеĵһ¾ǧ޽ǿߣһܱȣ
ǿҲվֻеһɳеһԣϫɽһѧԺһˣ
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ӰأϫӰһΣһ֧֮֮ǰ͵һ֣̽ɾססԷܲƵ߬С
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һΣϫһȭڶԷϣҵöԷݣնȥѪٰ㱬

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һףԼߵˣǶԷǿɲսеһֳǵĿ־;
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ϫ˵ͷԶУһĨɱһš


1259 ʦͽ

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ЩЦ޼ɵУҲʲôΪǲˣҲл˿ţ˭κεǣ
ˣĬƾǧӰҲǽҧزһΨһԳѪһĨ֮ɫӿ
ԺУ㱼ֳ˼һĻĻоŻɵλʦֵܣԼµЩͽҲǸԼ̫սؾŻɵˡ
ɣ֪֮䣬ôЩֻǣСѾͷңİ
зһĨŨŨ࣬еľ֮ɫȴŨ͵źһԡѪվһƳԼͷ­ȥ
ҪԾ
Ѿܹˣˣˡ
ڴʱȻ
һɿֲޱȵѹ籩㣬ٿȻֶ£գ޹⣬ǿɲƣնİ֮
һɲǣҪҪݣﶼһֲУ
һɲǣЩⱴЦĻӲ˫ĿԲɫо𺧿ֻ֮ɫǻӶ߰㴹䡣
һɲǣƬһֲִ֮Уĩս٣Щ׺ĻǿͽԶڣǺӿȫ׹ߡ
һɲǣ˺ۣѪҪԾӣȴеһºůӿȫ޸𲻿ƽǾꡭ
֮䣬һͦӰԼǰ忡ݣֱǹļȻʣϤ
ԳһЦĿǸСһأԼֳֻþˡ
ʦ𣡡
һͳ쳹ڶϣӻһ׻۾͵ǰ
ǵģһϤӰǰõģ
ϫȻСһ
ɳƣΪ̫أÿ˵һ֣Ե˼ѣǸɱȾѪյĿϣȴ¶һĨοޱȵЦݡ
ǰ֮ˣǳϫ
ǰ͸ݣԡѪ˺۱鲼ߣڰҵͷԼǽ;ƿݵϢ
ϫӿһʹ
ʹŰաںޡΡŭӿĳ۽ӿϫÿһ缡Ҫȼգ

һ̣ϫҲ಻סںڳ͵ף쳹ʮأһݵıߣضɫ
¡¡
ֲεķ籩ԳϫΪٿȻɢ֮ʯ촷ۡɽعѡûκζܹɲ
еĻͽһ̣ҲȫػѪѪҺŷ׹ڵء
УΨӺһԯʡСûܵκ˺
ϫ˱ʹģʱԯʺС궼Ȼݣܵһ𺳡
ԯʶԣͷһμϫʧأ˷ŭҲ׵ڳϫеķǺε֮أ
Ƭ֮
ӿؼĿֲ˽ţһ»ָƽƬȴǽ壬ǴĿѷ졢꣬һֺֻݺһһ
ϫɫѱĮȻһƬΨһ˱ᣬûκһ˿顣
ʦ𣬵Ҵ̫ս򣬽죬Ҵ뿪Ƭ֮ذɡ
ϫûпӣΪԼʧأĿ⣬ǰЩ»ϣƽĮȻ


1260 ̢
ͬʱϫȫѪҺȻͬȼڵɱϵޣÿһ嶼ԡ
һɫĮȻ͵̧ͷĺɨӶ棬ڣͳƽһһ١
Щһ£Ͳˡ
䣡
ѹֵµɱȻϯиȻ飬ɢ˷
ȿֲɱĳ£»ɫҰ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫɾʵ˱ŰɱǰϰС
˲͹ȣֵ̿£˵ֿһ˿־Ҳޣֱ޲õͷܣ˫ȴɪɪʹһ˿
ۣ
һסɱ걻飬͵һѪӰҡһ£ͺȻضȫޡ
һλǿߣǻϫͷŵɱɱ

㡭Ǻˣѵ֪ôҪܵɾͨͳͷ
㡭ݵţˣÿ
һĻһʣĺ»񣬾ּгǰͻأƾնֲ̫죬ɱֿܹ
תӣȴһһǾüεѣð
ϫǰһ»жһޣһӰ£Щ»ȫ֡
һ̣һͷƤĲҺ˷쳹ֻЩƤѪ޿ӣ޿ɶ㣬ޱȡ
һУϫδţһ绯ɫݺݳ£ȴзִ磬ܹǸе֮ʹȴ
ֱһּ尾
Щ»ɤӶƣĽ첻Ӧеصز飬ƺҲûá
úһ»ǱƵģ°ĭȴڴ޴Ц
ǵȹĳԯʶѣźۼذС۾ϣֲŰѪȻŮʲôõӰ
㣬ɱңɱҰɣ
Ҳˣ㣬㡪
ֱЩ»ױڵأҺϣϫҪĥǣֻһ
д˿ɼϫǻӶ޸Ǵ˺ε֮ʹ
һУϫţɫĮȻеĶûһ˿Ե֮
Դɽ磬δ˷ŭһУǰǰЩͣԲˡ
ס֣
λѣл˵е֮ԣҵȱʮ֮
Զ͵ƿշɳ۶һӰԶĻЩĥͬ飬һɫףֱð⣬ֻվԶԶĵطҿ
ǵҲ޷֮ޡ
ϫĮȻ̧ͷƳһԶˣһӣʩչ˲ϢԶлһ˲ͽסѡ
ͨͨ
һ̣ЩҲǲҽţ¹Ƶ׹棬Ӱϫһɫ֡
һĻԶһЩڵͽһ𺳣ǿʮɻȴ񲻿һ߹Ƶģϫһ£˲š
žžž
ıӰӶʹޱȵĲҺٴ쳹
ܴ󣬿ش˵صĻҲֹ⼸ʮкܶ໤ѼƲ׷׶ڼԶ߸ɴֱӴܡ
Ƕģֱӵģһ̣뱻һסȻɳƵģ˷ץ˳ϫǰ
Ƕ̶һ֮䣬Ѿٵĺ»ȫǱڳϫǰһƽϣ漫Ϊġ
һӣѿסŶ겻ǸֻСһѾɳزˣ
ֱһŵ漣Ҳ𺳵þ޷ƽ
ԼһִŻɵͽѳɳزʵԼ֪٣ȴδʧ䣬෴˿̵飬ѱޱȵļοӯš
ǵģϫӵʵȳϫҪˡ
ʹ죡úã
أԶһȲһͽĿǰһУһվ಻סм󺰳
úãЩɱɾ߹Щ겻֪Űɱ˶ٱͷڴ˵ߣУҵȼֱ磬ƾǲƾ޴ĻΪһ˵ϣ
ʹ죡ǰ֮٣ҵؼϣǲضǣ
һȲΧʱٴвٴ޲ЩѺڴ˵ͽС
ɫֿܣмԹޣеۿʪд˿ɼУҲʹĥѣһ̾˼ˡ
һƬźУȴһͻأǰǸϽ뿪ɣǻǰֻº
˻һһˮЩͽͷϣǵļͿܶʱһɨգþɲ
в˶һҧתӱȥ
Ҳǣôʱ뿪ǻɵִʱǿɾûܵĻˡ
ӣˣ
ЩĶȻˣһҲӣҪһʬΣ
һĻЩϫ޴һں»УȴžʹԹ
һ£ԶЩɲҲ˲ԹۣŤͷӴܶȥҲܿǶǸкεȵļɵ
ͬҲЩȷţϫпǻɵĶˣϾǵ֪Уɾµǿߣ޽ɲεĴڣǶԣͬһԺΡɽһ㡣
һУϫɫɳ޵ȴһǿЩԭĺ»ʱҺѣٷһ֡
ϫںȴЩǣ̲סҪȰϫһȴԯסЦϾͷİɣɾˣҲҲ¡
һɾҲִ£Լͽɽ󣬾һɾˣ
Դǿɽ磬һֱѺҲӴϢȻ֪ĳϫѷ°ɡ
¡
ӻعֻԶ͵زһ񶯣һ̣һĨʢâŶӳء
һƬ貽Уһ۾̽ףͷƹڵ̤꣬
Ŵ޷򣬸һ֣һڴ޾ĿֲϢϯڳһ󾪺
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ˽޼ɣֶκҪҵ
ˣһڱ޴òεĺ»ԶϲһڵȵǵĿϲģ
һ̣ǵͱһı̢ȡȻĲҺٴ쳹
ǵģʼգϫûνĻɣɽעڱ̢Щ»ϡ
Ǹ˵ģԵۡ


1261 Ӽ
ϫ⸱ɣǻƤסһ£ɫһųϫλѣŹҵ£δ̫˰ɣ
Ҳǿϫһ޽ɣԲûзѣƢ˵һֱ֣Ӿɱ˶Է
žžž
ϫû޾ӰɵٶȺݺݳ£һǺ
ˣɫһȴЩɲˡ
֪ɾƿأͥϣգ˭Ұ
ǰ˷ǵҰˣͲһ˿ӣִݳ̬ȣҲƣûҲɰ⣬ѵͷɣ
һ뵽⣬ǿ԰סŭѸ̧֣Ҳ֪˼便˺£ЩµĴõ㿪ڣֱӴǡ
˻һЩԭϣڻһں»ɫ䣬ЩԼк绽ܵĻˣһ˿ˡ
˵£κһ޽ɣֻҲһ棬ϧϫûԷ
ûжȻŭѽǲĳˣ
ʲôҲǽӣ
ϫԣԯȴǰ಻סˣָŶԷӾƿ˵㣬ɾɾҲȰ㻹ǸϽϴͷʱɱûȰ㡣
һͨԯӵܵĽǿƱ쾡¡
ɴ˻ǻУȴ㲻Լ䣬Ƕס鴤һ£ɫ˲Ϣÿʳˮ
СԼ
裬ûױŭҲ˼ôһƳԯĴȥ
ž
ϫһһɱ޶Ȼϣ촷ۣЩ촷ϯȥеâ⣬֮أԲҽеĺ»ͬһɲ֮䣬ѻһѶѽٽ
֮䣬ڵȫ
ʱϫӰʧԭأһ̣ͺԯ֮ǰ籡ԣ͵غǻӭһϡ
أ
â׷ɣʢϯأȴһʮɽݺײ͵صɳȥնҳһѷ죬ǿɲ
۵һѪȻϫ㾿˭
һбˣСƣɲѰܹ֮쵽ݺЩУҲֻʥɾڣ׽ˡ
ϻѾˡ
ϫڿڣ̬ȴٴɫ䣬ӦҰгϫӰٴƾʧ
ɾ̣ͷٴսǿɾҲް֮գУӰܣҪ㿪ϫ
ϧǵ͹˳ϫ͡
˲ܵһ˲һֻ޳̽գٴջʱѽ߬סĲһק˳
㾿˭
ɫǺ죬ƵƵȴ޼£ΨֻܰһԾĿӳϫǲŵĿֻ֮ɫ
һ޽ת˲֮䱻ϫСƵץסЩûߵͽһѵĭ
Сӣѿ
֮ǰѾʶϫǿ󣬿ȴû뵽ϫȻܹǿزе
ΨԯʸоϫһǵѧԺһ̫սѹߴѧԺڣԵһͨԺˣƾ˫ǻ˵ܹ޳ưԣڳϫǰ治ġ
ԯϣԼֵĻ䲻ϫǰɣҲڶʱڽԷĨɱˡ
ǵѧԺӵܵĵ̣ѧԺʱǿֲ̫࣬ǵķâɸУǾһСĴڡ
ͨ
ϫ˦ֶƵĽԷڵ棬£˭ҪɣҿԸһᣬİֶ
˵գ㲻ٶԡ
һȻ׷ˡԯʰ࣬δϫ˷һ档
óϫԣ𺳵вӿ˾˭ѵĲɾȨƣ
Ψ¶ɫ˵Ѵԯʿе֪ϫηɾɴʱ˿̣ǲЩĻûɾ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ
δٿȥȰ⣬ԼͽѪͷʲô˵ˡ
ã˵ģ
ǻͷӵԭΪԼϫȻһһʱдĻԥʱʩչطѰԮˡ
һеʱлЩ㷲ĳϫֱ󣬳ϫҲûκζһ֮࣬ȴ⾪ɣѵ治ɾ
ܻξɲϫȴǲһڰա
ʱһ̣ƱûޱȣǻԣΪһּ尾꣬ʱʱ̶̿ĳϫͻȻˡ
ޱѹֵ£һյʱ󣬻ڵ˰֣
ˣˣˣ
žҵղӰƾո֣Ȼ޽ɣһ֣ǿֲѹƬء
桢ܺ㡢λ֣پң
ˣٰ಻ס󺰳ȻҲɾеǿˡ
ô
ɾµĵϵң
޽ĿһɨǽһƬĻʱһУһ̾Ŀɨ˳ϫ
ϫȴüͷһ壬ĮȻɨһǻƽô˵Ļٻһˡ
ݵò񣡡
һ뷢ʨףޱȵĴ޽ɴȣһŰСɫɵͳϫͷ
ৣ
ɫâ絹ٲƲ񷣬񱩴޷ƺƥ

ɶڴˣϫָֻ赭дһ̣ͽԷâ촷ۣ˫ָ£ɲǼԷնµɫɵҲס޷
Ӽ֣һ֣
ޱȵĴ޽Ȼһ͵Хʩչ֮Ҫϫָϡ

ϫȴǲᣬָڶԷһߵһ
ʱһɿֲŵ˲ϢӿԷڣöԷһڣеľ޴ݺУɫɵֶɣ˸ǿһѪϢήңɳƵı°ա
¡
һ̣ǰڵ޽Ҳǳɱ޲ʩչȫΪ羪κˣ塢顢ֲ
Ѱ޽ɳѹκһ޽ˣѡĶ󱾾һҲעǵĹҲִ
ৣ
ֻǰһʧȥ˳ϫӰδȷӦԶоһɿֲޱȵϣһȺѹ̤㣬ͷ֪ѶٸѪˮ䣬۵̲סҽг
һУֻڲһ֮䣬Ļ


1262 ʥɼ
أأأ
ش޽ɳ㣬Ӱ棬̳ҽвѣ쳣֮ҡ
һɲ֮ǰǻݣ˲ƶһ˲֮Ǿͬһ̱ڵϣʹѣԱȣһױȵӾڳ඼Ŵͣ
̫ģš
Ҫ֪ɾλ޽ɣĸĴȴڶ̶գ۹ϤڳϫһУ
㡭˭
˾֣Ϊ޽ɣȻܹ׻ܣͷԷͬСˡ
ǴԴ벻ʲôʱһſֲ
˭ҪҪǣǡʦ𡣡
ϫֹ֣գĮȻŻˣȴָ˲Զӡ
ʦ
Ŀϣڵ˺۵ģʱɫѿޱȡ
˭õһѺͽ¼ߣһ޽ɲεͽ
ֹǻǣЩδߣҲ״ס̫ţ˶Լ䡣
⡭ôܣһ߶ѣôܻᡭ
ɫͣͫţأԲš
Ҳͬˡ
û취ʵַ̫󣬷ɽ磬˭ּͽΪսʦֹ߳һ
𺧵Ŀ⣬δϫκһ˿ĳɾ͸У෴ٴӵı
̫սΪ˾ԼôܻᱻԡɽگҴݣǿɵɽ磿
Ǳǿɽ磬˱ҵĥѣ
ʦӵΪȷԼ̫࣬ݸͽһ㣬գҾףһУΪԼԵʣ
Խ룬ϫоԽǰպΣԨĺУӿһĨʹ͡ɶƵɱ
췢ɱޣطɱ½˷ɱ췭ظɷɱ٣
һɲǣֲɱ䣬Ƭ֣촷ۣѹǻɫʱˢףѣÿһƤиӿһĿֲ;
Ҫ
ҪɱǣǶԴ˸֪飬֪ˣһٸӣҲҶʦһë
ˣˣ󷢴ȱˡҵһΡ
Ĵ̼£ǻλ޽ɶѲ棬һ̵ǣЩС֮Ҳûʲô
ҲӲ֤Ǿ仰ԽǴصʱ̾ԽСһУѻʵ
һĻг֮࣬ҲɷһĨŨŨǴ޽ɣǺǡ
˵Щһ£Ͳˡ
Įӳϫ³ȴ̡ͬ
ǻɫ䣬ٴΰȣϫ̧֣һɿֲȵû
һ̣ɫ䣬ƴȴˮߣͽ
䣡
ϫһ̽ԹЮָ֣¡

ڴʱͻȻһ𶯣类˺ѵƲӳֳһΰӰ
ŨüۣϣһۣͶ֮䣬ʥһɲɺΡơ
ϫüȴջµû취ʱǡǻ֮䡣
Ҫǣܹܵͻأֵ꣬һʥǿߣӯһʥΡζ
ĳ֣Ҳڳ˽Զһ㵣ǻˣ˳ʱԭ͵رŷһĨɡ
ˣ
˾Ⱦҵȣ
ǿϲźûӰпһ˿ϣ˭Ҳ޷򶨡
Ȼɾ֮ɽˣһλʥɾİ
һ࣬ӺСɫ䣬ԯüëΨϫɫʡ
ڳϲǣǷɽִ֮ɫȷޱȣԼķŭ缴ŭޣĿ⣬ȴ˻ϡ
û뵽ǣɽǲŲʣһ̽ǻ˺ݺȥ
أ
һʥɳֲ֣֮һɲǼ䣬ͿһƬʢϼɵӡɨҶ㣬ڻϣغ«ƵģڵѪҺء
ˣ
ΪʲôΪʲô

˳ױ£û뵽ԼҴ˾ȻԼ֣иһ˿ϣʱһգȻǾ
ֹǣӺС궼Ŀɿڴ㲻Լ۾һĻֱ̫Ҳ̫ˣ
ΨϫԯʿһЩʲô˴˽һĬ
κ
ǻ˱ÿ°ĭϢ٣Ƿɽź޺ֹ֣أһȺ飬ֱǻǧУ
һУŤͷĿ˳ϫԯʣ̬ŤɲǼ䣬ѱˡ
ɱģȫһ׺ޱȵЦȡһ˿޵ǫ
ͻһĻֿӺСһĿ࣬⡭ǸղǸʥΡɽɾ
ϷɽλСѡ
ɽ֣Ц̬ǿޱȡ
ϳˣ
ԯüڣֱͣоԼЩࡣ
һϹԯϵӵܣһǵѧԺһϷþޣ£ɶλСѵĴҲ׹
ȻǷɽ̹Ȼؾͳһ㡣
Ϲԯϣ
ѧԺһ
ſڵϢٵĻԣһңпɬڵԸӵĵز˶ݣҲΪνջܵѿ
ԣӺСȴҪȻȻ࣬һֱѺӴϢȻϹԯϺ͵ѧԺȨ
ȻɵһλɾԳϫԯʱ¶׺ǫ̬ʱҲܸܵеһЩζһʱжп֮࣬Ҳɺ棬ЩУϫɽһ
ɽ˵Ŀԯȴ飬üȻǺǣһ£һ仰ԼƲɾ
һľȻǣǷɽǻ벻⣬ЦŨǸȻ֣ԯСϢŭ治飬óеΣҲǲõġ
ã㵹еһ㣬ϫɲֹһոѻԺ˵һΪԺӡ
ԯߣȴǽĿ˳ϫ
Ժ˵һ
ɽҲǺݺһ𣬵ѣ֪ѧԺԺζʲôϫԵһݽУɼ츳Ǻε֮;ޡ
ǸڵѧԺҲȻЩͨǹעĽ㣡
Щôһﰡһ̣ɽֱ޲һЩˡ


1263 
޲ɱˣϷɽȴǲɫ
ųϫԵһͨԺ֮ϵЦݱºͣһŭŵĳա
ˣϫȴҲסüͷһ壬ɾĻؿףֻҪһ˵Ҳ⣬Ҿ͸һ˵
˲ʣɽͻͻһȴ̾ϢϫСѣʵЩһֱǳ£һֱ»Ͻ֪һУĸҽʦѺڴˡ
˵ĵȷʵɽôҲһ֮ɾȨ죬˼Сط
ϫȴ⣬ֱԵȻˣɾ⣬Щ˽ҴΣ
ɽɫ΢΢һ䣬ЦȭϫСѣ̧֣ɾ£ֻλ޽ͳ죬֮УҲв״ģǾʹܵǣֻۣ¡
ϫЦϵǷɾ˼ǣ
ɽɫʱһ࣬ŤͷǵϵĻҪһͣ
УǴһĨɱϫͷȴ޷Լ¸Լһ
ʱϵѧԺӵܺԼɾȺ޷ܵġ
̧ͷˣһֱķԸ£ٰ֮
ž
ɽֱӻ֣һƺݺݳڻϣԵ飺ڤ粻飬ɱҴ㣡
Һʹڣȴҧɿڡ
ˣɽָʹͻȻӿڣָһС
ɽ
ɽоâһĿǱĮȻһƬ޸鲨Ϊɾͳ죬ȴɽйᣬǺôĵӰ
δ£صһǻûüӦԴֱըѪŽȾ쳤ա
ˣ˵Ĵ޽ɲڣ֡
ߣϧ
ɽȴĮȻɣһ𣬸Ȼģ
ڴˣϫ̧Ƴһ·ɽûٶ˵ʲôתӡСʹ뿪
ԯһæ׷ȥôŹˣ
߰ɣɱѾˡϫƽ
ɽˣһҲ׷ЦϫСѣϷõ㲻⣬㾡˵ǡ
ϫɾףҲĺܡ
ɽüͷײһ£͹ЦΣ֮£վɾʧְϷϯΪСлҪܾ
ˡ
ϫ˻֣ʢˣһҪͲ߶ŷɾˡ
˵գӰһӺСƾ˲ƶȥ
ߣαǣ
ԯбǷɽһۣҲ˦뿪

ڵˣԽԽ˲˰
Ŀͳϫ뿪ɽϵЦݽˣĮȻ
޽ӣɽߣһ˵ʵˣ
ߣϧ
ἰ֮ɽüӿһĨΪɱ֮ͽã

ȰˣǾȥҲһ飬ɽҪʲôסҪԷˣ˵ɽԶԶѧԺô˼ɵɵͳҲԴԶ׷ݵ̫ʱڡ
ɽ°ͣ˼ҪǣɽĵϸɹŹֵĺܣͥϸд˵Ǻͳ֮һġ
˵⣬ȻֹտڲԣƲἰǸͳ֡

ৣ
ղӰƵƵ˸С
ԯ֣֪ɽĵϸ·Уϫ˼ãͻȻʵ
ԯȴǺ⣬Ц֪ôʡ
˵⣬óһݹȥǵִɳǵʱҴЩеõϢоɽ
ϫһĿ˶Էһۡ
ôС֣˵ҲϲӵܣƾԯͷΣܸ㵽ܶ벻Ķģ硭鱨ԯԳһЦ
ϫҲЦЦٶԣʼ
ɽǧŰޣȲĴôҲ˶٣ԭڣɽϡ
һţԴͷ׷ݵ̫ʱڣʷϣֹֹһλڣϧɽȴǽû䣬ٲջԻ͡
ձɽٲȻѾɽеһУͬһ֦㣬֮ߡ
ǰɽͻȻ֣ɽŻɣһҹ֮佫γɽҲһȻ󲨡
Ҫ֪ǾŻɿҲһϵͳۼ̣ɽҪ֣ɾǿʢһͳȴһҹ֮䱻ƽȻ𾪡
Ҳһսۣɽ룬˸СûõĹš
ϵϢԣɽӵвʮλʥɾڣǷа벽εǿȴ˸ȷ
ԭȻɽٵ˾Żɽĸ
ϫϣһȴǲ˵ҲǸӽھʮŲа
аѷɽ磬˵Ҫɱ˵ݺĵˣϧϫҲûõʲôйаѶ
ϫǵãа뿪ʱԣ֮϶һʱ֤аѾȥ
Ȼ֮ʣδͼҲ֤а뻹š
ϫҵõϢɽĵͳһ˿Ź֣ƺƺߵͳ֮һ̫ϽŲСĹϵ
ͻȻԯʿڣһ
̫Ͻ̣
ϫһУ֮ǰ֪֮ߵͳһɽŮ洵ȴֻ֪ڣȴ֪
ԭڣʶУСʦ룬СԶԴ˸δһ֡
̫Ͻ̺أɽŮ洵һߴڣҲֻгż֪١ӹɣ̫Ͻ̺ǿ˼ǿй֣֪Ҳ˸𡣡
ԯɫأѹϫ
ס
ϫ˵ͷȴδоʲôֵüɵͱܻģҪ֪Ҳͳ֮һɽӣԲΪ̫ϽжغͿֲˡ
ԯʵ˵ز٣ŻǱɽ𣬶ɽ̫ϽŲСϵĪǣƾŻɿʦĵУ̫Ͻе
ˣаĴɾΣˣǱϾͳ֮һƾаһ֣֮
˵ΪҪָʹһֱѺȺԼʦ㣿ʦеõЩʲô
ϫһԺзҵ˼»ָ侲ΣǵȷѧԺΪ׵ʱܴʦ֪һЩࡣ


1264 ЧӦ
ޡ
ɳǡ
ˡ
͹һɲٴοʱӿһȺогϫԯʡӡСꡣ
޷أʱִﶷɳǣŲһʱ䣬ɶԳϫԣȴһδϲ󱯵ֻء
ӻʦӣϲޱȡ
ĿЩĲʹȴ߽ӡ
ǳϫĴϲ󱯣ʵĵΪȫԿԼģǣûô
ˣɣ֮ʧȥָʬĿʲô𣬻ʲôɣʲô
ɳΪѧԺ֮أɳÿ춼֪˷ǿĽۼģͷʢ̶ȣҲԶɳܹȡ
Ķɳǣͬ֡
ǳˮĿֵϣɽ粻ͬеĸǿߣſ뵵ŨӣС꣬Զ۾ɫ㱲ѣ̾ѡ
һֱѺڰյ䵱ͽӺСԣǰһƻðķ֮ɽ磡
ಽԼߵӺС꣬ɫĻ㱾֮̾ɫϡܿǶⷱһлЩηηеһν뷱һ㡭
һУóϫĪһᣬЩܡ
ӽһܿˣ
һϫ죬δԣֻУһ

ûãԯʾ͸뿪ȥΪӺС˰סˡ
ԭڣǵѧԺֹ˽룬ϫӺСӻأΪ˵İΣǣѰһȫˡ
ԯ⶷ɳҲӵפ֮أܰӺС갲ԯϵĵ£ȫġ
ϾǿϹߴ֮һԯϵĵ̣ɽ֮׷ɱҲԽ׳һ
ϫûмŷѧԺʮӺСڶɳ
Լϵ̫࣬²ģҲòѴʱȥУһҪӺСĻᣬɻ֮١
ԳڣҪúǣʲôҲ롣
ܿ죬ϫע⵽ӺС΢΢ЩڣĿһɨܣʱһС
ԭӺСĴ̫ᣬͶ֮䣬Ҳ˽һ㣬Ե̫нη·ϲĿע⡣
Щʹ֮ǺԼıģ
һɳĸɱͷӣһɾĻëСѾͷҲ֪ĸҰܳģǸĶɳУҲĺܣǺǡ
ϫոûüʲôӦֵһʹһ
һŮӣ壬ͷ屦лҡһӨӨȣ̬һֻĸȸƵġ
ֻ˿̣ǴǵĳȣȴԿ̱
ϫüͷһ壬Ŀɨ˹ȥ
ʲôܲ𣿸ͷӺͻëѾͷһһͲʲôöˡǻŮӼϫʱһüȩ̈°Ͳм˵
ž
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㡭ȻҴң
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ȻֹΪѩ׵Ĳѱһֻֽ߬סǺ죬ƾʹһ˿
ٶ˵һ֣ɱ㣡
ϫڣĺӿųǵı䡣
ǻŮԭҪɵĿⲻⴥϫǱĺͬ˴ͷһˮӿһɺ⣬׹ߣ
ѣ飡
ʱĸλٸһĻԶһһæֵý˳Դ֮Щ¡
Լ鲻ˣͿñ˷𣿡
ϫ
ô˵أѾǸѵ㻹ô߲ɣԼһˣҲܵ𣿡
һ겻߿ڡ
ϣ
ϫ߷һĨȣĮȻ
׹˰ɣϽãȻǸ¾ҹȥˣ򡭡ߺߣ
˫۱أȻƳųϫ߲ѡ
ϫ߰ɣҪ¡
ʱӺСҲ߹ǵųϫЩλ꽻̸УѿԷͷֻ²Сˡ
ϫôȫΪҪԼӿɲԸ⿴ֻΪһ䳰Цóϫһľ淢ˡ
ȴû뵽һ˵Щţϫ߬סŮӣҲ̧ͷĿ¶һĨԹ֮ɫ
ϫаһ̾ӣƢѣ𣬶еĥѺ󣬷ȴҲĥµóϫһܡ
λѣ㵽ûУȥֻԽϫԣ⣬Ҳͱ
вôϫʵ
ߣ㵱ȻôΪ겻˼
Щͬȴ΢΢һӳϫ仰Լеһ˿ǲζ
žžžž
һɲǼ䣬ϫٶԣҲûζǱáĻŮϣʱʮĶ⣬öԷǽϺõݶ׳ͷ쳣ªѿ
ļҲһɲǼ쳹
ǶɳǷĽֵϣˮһĻ󣬵ʱ˸һĿĿ
ϵɫһ˲Լɱǰˣֱ̫ţǲ֪
Ƿ쭣һ󾪺
ϫ
ϫʦ֣ԭ㣡
ʲô˾ǳϫ˵ղѾƾԺ˵һݣ뵽Ժ֮У벻Ȼܹ
ԹԣЩһ˭˲ۣȻڵѧԺĵϴϫⲻǻѵ𣿡
ȺȻвٶǵѧԺԺӵܣϳϫʱԶϲгɫڳ羴֮ɫ
ǲʶϫģǰ忡ˣ£ǸѧԺһһʱҲǷ׷׾̾
ǣףĳϫѲǵǸҪԼշˣѾɽպķˣ
СһԭѳɳٲȥĵĵزˡипԸеһο
ӣЩӵܵɫ򳹵״һʧǣԼ졭Ȼǵɱͷϣ
ǻŮӸŵûڣӣΪӵܣĿû˵ϫɱǵ֣
Ҫ֪Ͽвӵܣ˳ϫУ


1265 ж
ǰϫڲѧԺĵڶֿеʱ򣬾ʮѪɱϲӵܡ
ڽѧԺ֮ԳϫһδжҲһδλ⣬ǵûܶԳϫʲôʵ˺˳ϫѧԺеĵλ
ֱǰЩӵԺˣϰһǿľɱжһλ벽ǿ߳ʷǰĴֱʣϧȴɹܴɡ
һУ˻˽⣬ЩӵܶԣȻһʱԼȻﵽ˳ϫɱͷϣ˽Զŵòεѣ궼ɳ
ȻǵȷӵܣȴѧԺĿ˶޷룬еĵλûȺӵȣĸҺͳϫɱǽа壿
㡭㡭ǳϫ
ڣʵ֪Լ˵ʲôѱȡΨһ뷨ǣӶԶӶԶ
˻ɵϵɶǰɱǶԣϲɱľЩˣ
ģϫʱףǰЩһＴӵܣֻҲССϺһĽɫ
ͻȻ֮䣬һĨȻŮӶڵϣǸȻ
ƽ͸һɲɡ
ЩŮ˵ǵͷϫϴȴǴУ˭֪ϫ֮ìܣԼҵϴǸ
ϴĻ
һ뵽ϫޱȵһ£ǾΪѣάȣܵ˼¡
ϫһ˵ЩʲôƳߵӺС꣬ĬƬ̣ûж˵ʲôҲЩӵһۣת뿪
񣬻Ǻ˵ʱټϴʱӺСڣҲЩìܻǣ۵ϡ

ǰг𣿡
̲סʵ
˶ӣԺԻ
ϫܹܵһ·вĿ׷о̾гĽпȡȻҲһЩĵĿš
ϾǶɳǵķֵϣ˶ི̫ࡣ
ȥ
ӵҲأһתҪֻ轫ⰲһ֮ؾ㹻ˡ
ϫҡͷС
´һӺС꣬ЦߣȥһЩƷԺ󼴱סԯҵĵϣҲ̫鷳ˡ
˵ϫҲܶͬⲻͬ⣬ʹǳĽֵȥ
ɸ
Ϊɽ֪ߵ̻֮һɸڶɳҲԼķ֧ҹģѹ̣ܹѵģǸ
ϫӺСִʱǶ¥гһŵòŮʱ¶òЩ΢Ц
ûΪӺСĴŶ¶ʲô֮ɫҲԿɸܹ񣬾ǽˣЩòŮҲȻǾϸѵġ
ϫóһɸĹʱЩòŮɫǫЦҲŨ¾һŮվųϫȥ
ӣ֪ǰҪǳƷ
òŮʵ
ȳһЩƷٹһЩ
ϫڴսջķᣬϡȱɲĿʯѻɽЩƷòϣȻô
ǲ֪Ҫʲô
òŮ۾һ
ʱ֪ˡϫ
òŮܿóϫԸԼ̸ǰ̸ӺСϡ
һϮɫɴݽɫ𪣬ҡҷ޳ΪӵɲΣɳӺ͵ɾСߣȴһҲޣʧڣӺСҲʱʱ¶һЩЦݡ
ûãԳƽòŮϫǵִĿĵʱСѾϵˣԽơ
ڴˣϫȴǲÿɷȨƺͲƸħڣҲˣûʲô˵ġ
һż䣬󡢴
ڳϫСĶˮһһϣת뿪ûþһλʦ
Ϸӣ֪Ҫֺ
ʦһߣһ˿Դǲԣнѧ㣬ɢһ֪Ӻݵȡ
ڼʦеʣµĳ޷۳
Ʒкֻܶ࣬Ҫ鷳ǰһЩʱˡ
ϫ̧ۿ˿䣬˵
ֵƷкܶࣿüͷһ壬ѵӣǹңֵƷǹϡ֮ˡϷܹ㡣
ȻΪϫһͨƷԼˡ
ϫȻҲͣһӣɲǼ䣬ҳӯȻ⣬Ѥλãڳϼ
ӺС궼סһӵĸɲĻλ۾
һŮ۾Բæס촽ظ΢΢ԵΪ޷ƽ
Ǳ̫࣬Ϣ죬ļʶҲܴ·ֵóǶѻݵɲĴ󶼷Ѱɱȡ
ʦҲǶݲѣһƷһ͵ͷ๣ֻս֮زٵãֵơ
˵գһƷף᰺ı˿βݣиѰٲ书Чǲɶõϡ䡣
ôܣƹҩѾҪȡǼΪףҲֻڤ˵طܹߢ
˻ʯȻⱦ


żϡƷԽԽ࣬ǼʦҲԱƽ˫⣬ʱ̾ʱüʱпٲ֮ǰӺ֪Եȡ
ϫĶԴ˲޳Ц֮⣬Ҳǰ岻ѡ
ЩƷУд඼ϵãҲֻƾɲɢϢǿжӣھ;ȴԶûмʦô˽⡣
ЩȻ㡭ΪҪ
̲סϫ㲻ЩֵֻһǼʦӵĳտģжϳһЩˡ
һиõģЩҴòˡϫЦŴ
һɣǳ鴤впСӵ磬Լʦ񶼿ˡ
һյʱ
ʦӴӱ̧ͷһٴϫĿʱѱòͬ
ӣЩȷԶ纱زƷײ̫ߣϡǮȻҲơ
һ´ǣЩȷţסѯһΣӣЩ㶼
ϫڵȻ
һһЩ̫࣬ǶһѰʯĿ̫Ӵ󣬲ǶһƷ裬ϷȴжϳһĿ
٣ϫʵ
ǧ
ӿڣֽһ䣬Ŀ㹫ˣӲţǿĴ
ϫȻһЦŵùɸƣ
ʲôӵ޷һжӶʱ
ϫʼ磬Ц̸ǮЩˣҿû˵ξͳһƷ
˻һӵʱסһƷѰϡɲģȻֻǶԷڶ౦еġһ㣿


1266 澭
ӹ߳ʱ򣬳˳ϫ֮⣬ɫԶ㱲ѣħһ㡣
࣬ʱһӣһпģ
ССһƬȻʱԴü˼һʸޱȵ˵ѡ
ǸƯŮҲɫ㱣·ЩƮһײڳϫϡ
ôˣ
ϫüźۼʹһȡ
ûûʲô
һһЩæҡͷ
ϫͷٶ˵ʲô
ȴǰһ֮ǰڹеһĻĻֲӿһӿ
֮ǰڹңϫٴóһһѵĸɲģټĹҶ˾ŴΣ
Щˣ򱻺ݺ˾ŴΣ
뵽ʦһδε仯ƵоͲһЦʶļʦʧ̬οˣ
һˮźۼƳԵĳϫһۣͻȻһĨ޷Ƶĺ棬ܹѼ˶䱦ѵҲһλޱȵǿô
䱦
ϫֹǰһԻͺĵãɲǼ䣬ҲڳӯĸѤһ۾
Ǳʵ̫࣬һһ̨ǰĿͷһ㣬ʱвٿŮ޲λǸ
ʱҲѹʵӣҪЩʲô
ϫһԱߵӺС꣬ɡÿܹʹõɱҩͳͳҪ
۾һһʴҪ֪ɷĸΣҲΣÿһΣзֱרŵĵҩɱ䱸
õҩԣʺɳǿ̷еģв°֮࣡
ֻҪƷϫֲһ䡣
ԣ۾ƷҲζһܹɣܴõƵɣ
ûж룬ʹųϫǽ䱦һλߣ˳ϫ֮۾Ҳ͵һѳϫӭһҡ
Ȼ󣬾Ҳƽ
һƿĵг۰ʯ𿴼۸񰺹󣬿ɲѰҩɱȣһҩƶɣȵҩΪܺʵ磬͹̸ɳǿ߶ԣʵ˲ɶõ䣡
½ɣӷ׷֣жȴǸɴ䣬ˮóһƿҩϫܡ
򣡡
ϫԥ½ɴϲֲһ䣺Ҫƿ
ƿҲʮʯˣ
½ɼϫˬ죬ҲʱЦ˻ǰˣǸӣʵȣֱʣѰ˸ѧ
ͰһŬԼ侲侲ȿǰɾԲܵˣøۿͳͳ͵Żݱ֮ͣǲöԷоˣֻˣָ׼ԷͳΪԼĳڿͻء
ģͨɱеľƷʦֱ֮ʣȻֻͨɱ书Чȴͬ죬ҵķɶٶȣбܳˮܷ硢ܻȵá
˫ϫٴεͷ
ҲĶԷҶԼټҲһǰɱƷʣоȷֵۣȻûʲô顣
ף׼ƷԴʮطƣѺ֮⣬˼Ҳżã䱦ֻʮʯ

ϫٴκԥͷ˵ӺС궼ɾŲС࣬Ժõϡ
ɢ
򣡡
΢硭
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
򣡡

ֱϫЮŸɱ͵ҩ뿪½ɵľɿܵЩ㱣ľֱһΣ
ƼķҩϫһɨգûǮȴûø˻Ǯ
ҾȻλ͹ӵ䣡
֮󣬵½ѹʱʱһԼϣʹѣоԼ췸һ޷ˡĴ
ʱɸǰŮųϫ뿪ıӰɫҲǻ㱲ѣþ޷ƽ
Ʒһ˾ǧ鼫Ʒ裬û뵽һգʱ䣬ͻ˸߰˰ˣҲ֪һһСλʲôϵܻշԺ·ϣٷˡ
Ľʱǳϫڣ䵱ԼŮԲκԥ
ǲƸ̫֮벻˻

ɳǣɲ¥
߲һżУǶȣܹɳǣҰΪƾ֮⡣
ʱżֻгϫӡˣǰһʽĿζȡ
¹⡢䡢ɽӡܼƾžŰʮһȣһǳʦĽ
ȻһƲ˵ļֵҲȴˡ
ϫںֻҪӺС꿪ģ㸶ʲô
㰡
ͻȻ̾ϢųϫĿЩӣȴһʱ֪˵Щʲôһֹĸп
ʦҾһ
ϫˣҲ̧ƱҾ񣬡ûͽ޷Ҳ޷ھŻУȴͽⱲҲȴ
˵գоһ
ãۿͻȻЩʪ󣬲ɳƵӺεºܡεºܰ
оͷͻȻֹס
һ˲֪µϼһȴʧأֹʱֻ»⵽ЦͰۡ
ϫûУ෴ҲǸһƬ˶ٿ࣬˶ؼգ֮Բܹ⡣
С꣬ҾһʦŮȻҲҳϫãûһֻһһӡ
ϫתһС꣬ŮڰοӣԵʱһǺ죬Щ޴롣
󣬺缸κν˵ǲͨ£ľⳡ档
ѾͷϽƱӼˣҲǴЦСʾο
š
СææһƱһȥںȵ̫죬ȴǺˣһԣСϼɰۡ
ϫЦЦæԷһ¶ڣŽоˡ
һһ죬˳ϫЩľϫҲһһ˵ˡ
˵赭дӶУҲǾ̾ԼͽЩľ֮ۡ
С꣬סˣ˫ѩ°ͣ˫ڣҲˣרϫЩľһεĴ񻰡
Щ˵һעƽգҲļ˶ԣһһγɫʵĹ¡
Լԣ·;ϵһӡԼߵĸᶨݡ
ɣϫľעԺ·ƽˡ


1267 Ƶ
ƹѲ˹ζ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲԼЩľ㼴ɽ顣
˵⣬ɫʱϾ٣¶һĨ֮⡣
Ϊ˵֮
ûڣֱӳڣ˼ŻʱҾͶԴ˽ţţҾŻʦͻƴʱȡһԴ֮ϧδɹܵݺܴɡ
ʦ֮ʣ㽫һԴ֮ӡ彣֮У˽ʮŲ֮¡
ɽǵݺʦһλǿֵĳ֮أһŻҾŻȺɡ
ἰζԹɫҲɱһƬȴʧ䣬ϾŻɽѱγڡ
ǡѡʱ֣ϫ̲סʵ
̫У̫ãɽ粻֣֣ƫƫѡڽЩжδЩŹˡ
ԭͳڵ֮ϣţʱһƬУմ˽зӡһɱԴܹ֮һڲ֮أܾȡٺô
üվһδţ֪Ҳ٣Ҷ޷ȷ֮Ƿڡ
ϫҲ׹ɽȻ̫ϽˣȻҲǵɱƻĵ֮һڵ֮ȻǴڵģϧѾӦǰܽй¶ˡ
Ϊλѡʱ֣ȴǲˡü˼ãҲ벻Ȼ
ûϵһܻᱻġ
ϫüһƬᶨ泯˵ʦԺСͰڶɳͽˣֻҲܳ׷ġ
ȻЩɬջǴӦ˳ϫΪ֪Լʱﲻʲôæϫҡ
ҲֻдӦϫȷľ
ڴʱż⴫һߵ֣ˡ
ϫһԯʣЦŰѶԷӭ˽һꡣ
ֻУĿⲻسһɨһۣͲźۼջ
ѾףϾͿԽʦסȥ
ԯһƣЦֻû뵽ӾȻҵĶ󣬵ҼЩϹŶ˵飬ͻֳһϼѶ츣أֱӦ˵Ҳ°ƯƯģٲ̤һˡ
ϫȻֵΣһλҪлԯַˡ
лңҺúóһپưɣԴʶɻûüһءԯʹЦ
ˣ
ԯ£һ󼱴ٴֱ𣬸ҲûʲôԵü
ͬʱҲһ룺ߵѣٿţץһСȥѲһ뿪
ԯüëһɫȴǳȥҪסһѵõĻͳϫѾԻһЩ˴꣬ȴƫƫؼʱ̱˴ţܲջˡ
ʲôƨץСȵطСܽģҵҲŵļһ﾿˭
˵ԯһ¾ҪվӣȴǱϫʱסЦҡͷˣһ仰ѡ
ֻǸо췢̫ˣҲӺСԼǣЩ鷳һܿǾͱܿá
ԯʿЦεôֻǵ档
Ȼ£ܲؽƵѹƴź¡һǱһӲ߿ˣ
һŭΪһϽ۵Ǻһӣѣɲ¥ĽѿСҲѷɣ
˵һУһ̧°ͣƤЦⲻЦһɨϫˣλǸˣòͣһͨˡ
Դǲ̲̬ưȻûһ˿Ǹ⡣
һĻԯʶͷֱ䵱Щ˿ʼз񣬻ȻûԼ˷УʱҲ಻סŭվӣɭȻһЦ¶һѩݣСӣүǷһٷǮ𣡡
δ£һƾͺݺݳ˹ȥХЮԣ
ԳͨϽһ̧֣ǽһƵˣȴǱõŵŵų˳
үү㣬ӾȻҶ㣿
ԯ۾һɣ͵ǰţɲǼĴǧӿ磬ƾκˣ͡塢Ե
ҲӲܿԯΪܹڵѧԺǰʮ֮еĴڣ䱾ʵҲǼΪǿġ
¡
ͨû뵽ԯʳֻ˹Ϻʱһֲһ˲ͱǿɲûҪмܲס
ͨ磡

һϣ
һĻЩҲ˲Ѳ鷿䣬ŭų˹
ۼԯʾҪΧϫа̾һٳɣ֣ڳһɲǣĿⲻٴƳһĽһۡ
䣡
ϫһӣһɿֲɢ
һ̣ͨͨһ죬ŲҺͨڵˣѹڵϣҽ졣
һĻǷ֮䣬ַɻ
ԯһЦ˳ϫһۣɫһ̧źݺͨϣүķǮүԼԸ⣬һᣬҲүϣ
ͨҺͷѣٷһĻ
ˣϫȴоЩˣ̫ӣЩ˵ĳҲƻ۵¡
үү
ԯϫ仯˫ץͨȫҡ
˶Ǹҵţĺ£ǳˣ
⣬ͨԹź
ڴˣϫһӣһƣҴŷһе쳹ױ⡣
棿ô
ԯȴüͷһ壬ʲô
ôˣͷܴ󣿡
ϫȻɨԯһۡ
ĳǲֵһᣬСѧԺԺеһΪļһ緽λеʮ˲ٶĿ£
ԯʼ԰ݽһ£ȻЦҲؼɵԺеĸֿɲֹһ
ϫͷҲûѴ·ϣֻüãջǰĿһУղųѽһɲְ㵲һֻٲɾЩ˵ȥˡ
˻һԯʡӡСһݣ뽫ĿɨӹȥȴտҲʶѯκδڣ
ԯʣû뵽ԼղŽʱ˳ûԼˣģǿ˾ˡ
ôҳֽ
ϫüҧļء
û˵ôװͰ͵ģԴŮӵʱǲӦÿһЩ
һŴԭտҲҽУٿȻһĨɫԣâת䣬ճһĴԼӰ


1268 رΪ
Ŵˣ˵ĹһƬɫƮҷ𽥹ճһӰƮݣ
ǶԸŮ˾ռߵĳϫһҲе㱣Ůʵǹƽ
üͷһԯʣӡС꣬Զϣ˯ûʲô
ʲô
ϫͷһݣѴһƵϣ𵴶ͼԯѣȴ޼¡
ģֻʱ˵ѡ
ҽƮҷŮЦһ£ڰһ࣬žµľƺᣬüֻͨûʲôζ
Ŷ
ϫɫȴǾ費ѣŮӲͳԼۣ֮Ҳ㷢ֲˡ
֮󣬾Ϣ֮䣬ԯǸֶοɾ͸ɲˣȻŮ˺
ŮƮݣ񻣬һͷں㷢裬Ө׹Ķͷ˸Ż۹⣬ü鶯һֳ鶯
㳢Ҵ𡣡
Ůӣ򣬹ճһĨ΢ЦĻȣһóһ֬бһɫľƽעϫǰľС
ɲǼ䣬һ˵ķҷڶ
ϫһڣ̺ܵǴޱȣֻһϢûãȾҩˡ
ƿԴȣֻǺ棬ƾֶΣ㿪Щ˵׷ӦòѣΪƫƫҪ䣿
ϫһϮɫȹѵŮӣɫžŮ˵ȷرʥ鶯һֳȻһһһһЦȴĪһ˿ȻļȻӺħŮĽ壬Ƕء
ҪǣǰŮӺΣգֱʱҲû͸ԷʵΪ衣
ɽУûһ㵨Сġ
ŮͻȻȻһЦݾӨˣһ˿޵Ϸʣѵ㻹ҳ㲻ɣ
ϫһݣ⻹ͷһα˽ݣ
Ů˸òŮ洵̫Ͻ̵ĴˣϫԺзɿ˸˼ţȴƽС񣬹һԡ
ͬʱȷŮƺרΪԼģ
ôԳĵأŮӺ棬ӣɢһ˷顣
ϫˣȴǲĬ֮͵ֱָۣ̽ţֱԷʺ
ͣ
һ˵ǳ䲻⣬һ̣̼ͷųʢǿʢѹ֮˽ľڣϫŶԷȻԱܿ
ȻŮȻЦʼһδϣȴһζ嫵óϫƿִԷѩ׵ĺǰһ֮أ޷ǰ
ϫȻһ֣ŮͻȻһͻȻץס˳ϫϡ
Ůӵ޳Өס֬ץסϫһɲǣһ΢Ĵ
ָһڳϫӣһ紥ӿȫϫʱջֱۣɫ΢΢Щŭҧ㾿˭ʲô
أ
ŮӿЦ͹µ΢ѩ׵巺ʥ˵ĹһѩڷҡҷǧϢ
ϫԣ춢ŶԷޱȣкԷʵӦԶԶ߹ԼԼһĿܻᱻԷ赭дػ
ȶֵģ˵ҲŶԡŮƲƲʺС죬ذָһ˿š
ϫһԲʮضԼʼ磬ӦÿҶ㲢޶⡣
һϫϿɣһ˼⣬žһƷһþơ
ȷǺþƣڸʴ̺һԷҷһʺͻӿȫһΪɲǼһõȹ̣ˡ
ŮӼˣ¶һȻЦݣ㲻ˣ
ϫȴǲֻǶоףҲ򲻹㣬Ҳûá
ʱ̸һ̸°ɡ
ŮӼˣһ̬Цݣɫʥ࣬üһĨԹԣˮӳϫһ֮ϣܽ޾ڣȻȥһط
һܹŹֵ
ϫɲǼͷ˸ȴһꣿֻ°ﲻ㡣
ЦϴνڣΪڣԵһͻƣȴԼһƾ޺ڣԼоϣ̫ã
Եġ
Ůڣ峺óһУῪΪ꣬ȴǸطⱦˡ
ϫһھܾɵĿʱ˵ʱͼƬ
ǵȷһȱĹ״ƷƴСģŹӡصϢϫѻȡͼƬϲˡ
Ů˾˭֪ԼɽȻƺҲ֪ԼһֱѰͼƬ
ϫһ㲨оŮǷ
ȥ
ϫĬãհĿƿɫָƽԷóȱΪۣȻͼı󣬶Ҳζŷռˡ
ʱ֪ˡ
ŮӯӯһգԵúµ״Ц⣬һֳ
ģʱ϶κΣգ򡭡ɽֻ¶ŹңǿɱɱһҪͷ۵顣
˵⣬ӯ˸񵭵ЦݣһΰϢ
ϫһԷȻҲɽɵǾͺðˣԷԼɱģȿǿǵɽĺ
ҵˣһ̫ٲȥҵɾΣˣסŶһ֮һģȻǰҲδҡ
Ůչһ֫ճһĨĶǵߣȻ󳯳ϫӯӯһЦͻһƬɫ꣬Ҫ뿪

ȻֻһϷ۵ķ
ϫкݺһںȻ²Էʵֻ±ʥɾҪߣ
ȵȣ㻹û㾿˭
ۼһĨɫҪʧϫҲٹ˲˼ʵ
ҵɣɽЩ˶֪ɲҪ߱Ŷ
Уһɫƾʧ
㣿Բ
ϫһƬĵط˼Ů˳ֵ̫ΣҲ֪Ҫͼıεȴ£Ҫһѵǿĳرɽӵݣ
δޣһλصδɣ
һ뵽⣬ϫʱҡͷѹںεϳߣҪȥĳطԼһ޽ɺ
ʱԯʡӡСҲѹԶɫȻѣԲ֪ղŷ˺¡


1269 ֻϦ
ҿУأԲһ˿ķҷ㣬޹޹Ȼ
ԯʡӡСЩȻղž˺£һƾչճһӰأôˣ
ˡ
ϫˣ򵥽һ䣬ʵҲûԳƵŮӾ˺εֶΣԯʵ˵ĸ֪
ˣ
ԯһ˵ЩʲôϫҲһüͷӣʱͱ첻ԣЩ飬ǲҪ̽Ϊá
Ҳ߰ɡ
һٷԵڣȻζϫҲԸڴ˶යˡ
ԯʺӡСȻҲûϫ뿪ҡ
Ǹ߳ңӭһȺˡ
Ϊ׵һ¿ۣŨܳ磬ݴĸߴ꣬лɽӣ֮䣬磬ƥ
󣬺Ȼͨһˣһףɫ䵱ϫ˴߳ʱĿиӿһĨԹ֮ɫ
ţ
ǴֹƵĿϫϳݣŨī˫üƵ塣
ͬʱԯҲһݣɿ촫ϫһ棬ǸԺ緽ʮļһղʹЩͬ飬ֻҪҳˡ
ϫŻȻĿⲻźۼشһ棬ԷϢ¶һĨѪζҲһսĴڣѰɱȡ
ԺӵܣȻͬ죬ƣԺ֮жһ֮⡣ϫ˼
ԣȴɵʹ뿪
ߣվס
磬ЩһץǸСˣ
ɺޣС˳׸һԭǿץģȴЩһˣ
ϫûԼ˷˵߾ߣͨ˵ʱ಻סͨ׷ǳⲻѡ
˳һ
ϫһаֹղеŮó𣬸òЩһТõİɣ
ôţǰ򻹲Ƥˣ
ԯЦɨͨһֱۣӰĿ棬ɫ͸һɺε֮ɫ
ˣüֹס˵ƽû뵽ԭλʦòͣʧˡ
ʦܣһɫһ䣬ԶӦԭԷȻҲǵѧԺĵӣֲøء
Ȼ֪ʧǻϽÿѵǰΪ˵Ǹˣԯʵˡ
ͨ˽Զ¶ŭݣ˵ͬһѧԺģһʦܸ˸ʦֽЩ̫ˣ
ȴǻ벻⣬˵ֱƽԯʵĽĿת˳ϫϣһ˵ųϫʦԿ˵һνԺһȻ鴫
ϫ䲻
ڴˣƽֻǻһתͻȻԺǺԺһʦֵϣΪʦ֣һǲòһ䣬Ժʱ򣬳ϫʦܿҪСһЩз硣
˵գ˳ϫһۣתȥ
ͨЩһû뵽ȻˣǼȲģһ뵽ԼҲǳϫֻ֣Թ˳ϫһۣæ뿪
磬ôˣ
ҵȳıãòײŴһλƴʦвɹȴ˳ߣҵʵЩġ
˵һЩɣûϣ
ԶԼԼܴͨЩ˵Ľ̸
ЩˣѧԺû棬κһ̤˵أҾͲԯ
ǲģԯҲģ߲ѣ˵ĺݣҲԿҲǲ޼ɵ
뿪ϫȴЦЦΪȻҲ߰ɡ
ԯʵ˵ͷ̲סüôоǰ˵һЩ߲ư
ԺȻԺпᣬҪ۸ͷϣôСĵֻǡ
ϫƽڣʲô֮ȴȻչֳһɾԵš
죬ϫԯһ𣬰ӺСԯڶɳеפ֮أԷȻΪӶ˰һѶ츣أܽ䱸ɭϣΪȫϫų׷ģת뿪

ѧԺɽʼС
ϫһأ̲סһһƨ
췢̫࣬մսأͽյѶ򣬺ԯһǰޣС꣬ŭֱȻʦӣڶɳӵơ
ΪڿԺúһӺСʱȴԺͬǣԭѾϢˣȴûϵͻأһеŮӣʶԼɽӵݣҪһͼƬΪ꣬ҪԼһ֮һ
֮췢飬ֱĿϾӣóϫеЩƣ˼Ҳѣ̲סٴγһ
Һã˼죬Լͽʽ̤ԺˣҲһ׮Ը
ϫʼ˼ԼԺ·
֮ƾԺ˵һĳɼɽʹŵأѰеĵʴС
֮ǰȻҪ׬Ǯ㹻ֵһֻҪõʴУͿһٴѧԺжһһͼƬ
ȻһжǷܻõʴеĻϡ
֮⣬ҪŬһٴƾ޺ڣôҲͿѡŮӵӶлһͼƬ
£ϫɱżȵ侲;裬һܹԷҲǰȫ׼ʲô⡣
ջҪȥݻһ̩䣬ѯһϵ飬µҲҽԺʱȥݷԺϯϰݣӦòܾҵİݷòŶԡ
Խ˼ϫͻȻ֣ԼϵһץһѣԼʱƺҲԽԽ
һ̫ãֻϦ
ϫЦʼ磬ȴǺѹӣҲ֤ԼĿԽԽˡ
Ȼĸѩ̽ѰŻɺɽĶԹ
ǰԼֻǼţϣȴãͬɽ㣬ӵǿʵЩ翵ϣҲԽԽԽԽ
Ǿ仰ԣΨг֮Ժ֣֮ϣͻԼ
ϧԶԶҪץʱ
ϫɫӿһĨᶨ֮ɫĿԽԽϣԽԽ󣬵ѹҲʱΨһҪģǼŬᶨƵԼ·
Ϊһ·̫ΣգݲκʧҲݲһ˿и
ڳɹˡڴʱСͻȻ͸һ˿ɻ䡣
ʲôɹˣϫһ˼
ȻǼݾŶơⱦֽ׶òϣȴڤŶȱ֮
˵ʱСԹԣһ̣һ춦ڶƮɢԼܹѤУͭƾո֡


1270 ֶ
ŶڿգϵĶ׭ɽ¡쾭γͼÿһͬȴãٲȻͬȻһ塣
֮ںʱڣδֻһƬأϴ󶦣Ϊѹ
СָϧǺʱڣԣʥħ棬ͳԿһƬ֮أ绮֣޾Ļ
ϫһСһߴƯյľϴ󶦣ҲǸпѡ
һ·֪˶ٴй̫źµĴ棬ÿһԾѪ֮ȡ
ԣİĹ£սƵ죬㣬ֻܿܿڷ϶
ɶ߶ԣȴʷûԻͣҲһ£лħХأ̫£дʥͿ̳۵Ҳʱ򣬵˲֪ͨԼɫʵľ뢡
̫ʡʮסӰѲ׷ݣȻӰҲӰԶ
ɻǵ̳еĴУСͻȻڣ˳ϫ˼
ȻǵãڤŶ˵⣬ϫͻȻһȻ⹦òݾŶйذɣ
СҲûзϣֻŶʵΪѹɾݣΪ˴ڤŶˣ۷壬òϴ˱ѹݣܿܿ˻
ֱ绮֣ʲջؾŶЯǰսԿߣա
˵⣬СֹƲԸἰһ¡
ϫ˽һУֻû뵽ݾŶȻרΪڤŶġ
ֲǵڶ˹һֱڵһ֮ȷȴһ֮Ȼޱȡ
ϫ˼ͷҲǻȲѣǰȻˣǵڶǷԽ˱У
ȻӽԺ󣬾ڶɡ
С˵⣬Ǵһ˿ָζ̣ڶǿǱˡ
ϫգȷԴӵеڶһֱǳչأҪôҪôԼһЩм飬ϴģȡֵȵȵȵȡ
ȻҲΪϱԽ鷳ѵڶһضɱﵣصΣգ±䣬еڶ·
ŬаɣݾŶǱ̫ɱǿһѲѵϧΪ㣬޷áΪδ޸ҲֻڶڤŶ
˵СƺЩݾŶϧѡ
ϫȴ𣬳Խ̫ɱĴڣѵԼƾ˶Ժɨһڸְɣ
ˣڵ㣬ŬץʱУ֪ݾŶϣߺߡ
Сϫʵ
ϫЦ̯̯֣ȴ̾ϢѣֹݾŶԼϵĵ֮ʥͼƬյı˰֮⣬ɶù⣡
뵽⣬ϫʵЩƵģ˱ڤеаʺڤ¼ͬҲǽ֮ܱ¶
һУΪӵеԶԶ
ˣҽɽŶ꣬ѽ֮ò˶ãһԽ߲Σƿظǿ
һϫԺ侲ü価Ǽᶨ׿֮ɫ

죬ϫһֱڶУδżȥͳﻮһƻĥ󿳲񹤡
ڵڶСݾŶڲǶԳǬǾŸ۵磬ÿһ綼вͬãڤŶż档
ʱޣϫҲݾŶڿһокˣȻҲֻһ롣
Ͼ͵ڶֵֺĹϵڶһУ֪ĻҲͷһ顣
˿̿û˼עЩ

һϡޱȵĸƷɲıпֱϫһһѡַűս˸
ЩɲģҲǴսлãȳϫɸȥɳǶϡ᲻ȫˡ
ֵУܹԸϡƷһֵʱ䵹ҪȥһЩɲ˿ϧǿԶһΪֵʹá
ճϫƣЩ缸ϡɲģһֵӦûһʾ˵Ŀˡ
еֵѿͻǧĿԭڣΪԺ˵һһٻ˰˰ֵĽ
ټ֮ǰµֵҲһǧʮ򣬵ȻһͼƬһڰǧĿ껹źܴĲࡣ
Ƕһ൱һǧֵĻ籾ԴƬҲԶԶ
ڶСڤŶȡ׬ȡֵķʽֹֻһУҪԼȥŬˡ
µҲȽԺ˵ʱӦиֵ࣬ҲΪȡ
ϫһҸ£Ȼֿʼȥ飬ֱƬҲͣЪи
ʱܽϫȴָоصʱ䵱Ʒѧͽ£ȴüΪʵ
еԳϫԣ޷Ǿ֣ȣ
Ҳʱһμµĥ£óϫһ·ߵ죬Ҳδи
ֻһ֧֮ʱ䣬ҪȥݷһۣܴѧԺһλϻеõ˱
ӵ߷ͶƵļ޸ҲżʱòϣҿȥҲ١
֮ǽı֮ǲһܴպڰֵ⣬ȻͿ̫ϡĴ֮ʱԼսȻҲõ

һԼҪһһ˳ֳǰ˳򣬾ͻ˳ϫʱ䡣
Ӱص飬ᡣ
֮·ܴõˮ©ȱ⡣
ˡ
Уĳ߳ͨһҹһѩ֮ƯڰգӡķܵİɫƷ⣬֯һƬһƬ¹ƹӰһϵͼӳڰУһڹͺڰĴ
ڰߣе
ߣȷ
򹲼һڰ͹ڣ̫ܻɡ
ǴУıǣ̫֣̫Ŵ֮У̫ķڣУѰٵ
˹ǵļֵ̺֮ɵ֮ǣ̺ķ֮ǻҪʤһ˿
ԭ̫̺ڰ͹ִ壬һǿޱȵĺ޷
ϫϢУĲɫž뾫˼Ĳ򾳵С


1271 һÿ
һ죬峿
˵һ⴫һ󲨶óϫӴ
ϫ׼ô
ϫִ򿪶ƣʹʵ
΢΢һһĶͷڼҪԺӡ
Եȣ
ϫıǣ뿪˶Ҳһ˿źȻ㼴ָƽ
̶̼ʱ䣬ֻǳԺڰִһ֪δˣźҲ⡣
ϫ⣬ȻͿһϮɫµļֶ֣Цӭ˹
߰ɣͨԺ˵ĵӣԶһʽɵ׼
Цźͳϫһ͵ͷԶɳ۶ȥ
֣˴νԺѵʲôɣ
ϫ
ûʲôԺ֮ƢЩŹ֣ÿһ½ԺӵܣᱻøֶţĥһԻԺĵһÿΡ
һЦʼ˭Ӳġ
ϫȻһÿΣĥһƺǴ˵е

ѧԺԺУԺԺѧĵط
ԺѧԺ޽һƬɽУɽΧϼڣһϽУдһƬȡ
ѰȲͬǣԺ֣Χɽڣ컯Ȼ
ֻǲϣҡҷɫӵأϣɺѣ񿥰¹֣ٲ滨´ϼʨ繣ԳԾع֥ԣҩŵ޲İݺС
˾ɶ컯һƬɼϱء
ϫͼִʱ续һĻҲǾ̾ѡ
ȸأҼҲѰٲп
ϹŻʵңĸпɼԺֺε֮ˡ
ϫҲһ֮ܵ䣬ֹŨ֮л硢ɡ컯ԭʼȵϢܸ֮ܵ
ɾͿֲˣ
ҲֻеѧԺŻ˴ֱʣٳһƬأԺӵá
˸п֮ʣ͵һըƵĺ쳹ǱӣһЩɽˮʲôÿģϽϣ
һ仰ʱƻɽص⾳
¡
⻹꣬Ǿ쳹׵ĺɽͻȻƾո֣Юһɿ񱩵ݺݳϫͼ
̫񱩣նѹ÷¡¡ľ죬⧲֮£ϫͼֻܿӦֵ
أأ
ɽըѣʯɽ̳ϫͼûܵʲô˺ȴ˸ͷǱ
ϫɫʱɫơ
ŭԺˣæһ䡣
ϫüȻͿǼԶĵطһǧĶΧĹƽ̨ƽ̨ϣŲӰЩӰ棬ȻһݵͰߡ
뷢Ұң£ϵɴոɱòѰһԨƵﾡǿ񱩡񡢹֮ԶԶһһһͷµް㡣
ˣѧԺԺԺ
һƢ񡢱ƵѧԺϹŶԺ֪£ʵҲɲ⡣
Ȼղһǳ֮ڣͻȻϫ˵ɽҲȻǳֱʡ
ϼһȻǰͱ갡
ϫаһҧҲڳʶԺԺֶΡ
ǸϽȥһÿΡɲ׽ˣһСһЩһЩϼһУɲʲôˣʲôݣҲǷд˵˵ʱ򣬾Բһüͷ
أͳϫһɿ쳯Զƽ̨ȥ

ϫͼ˵ִƽ̨ʱڳѾ˲ӰҲȻС
ڳȴһ˸ҽͷӶԶ첻ԣ˵üҲǴһĨ֮ɫ
ȻλԹ屩ƵԺԺʱҲżѹ罾ޱȵİսҲƢƲ
ˣϫͼһҲԹȺһ࣬Ĭԡ
Ҳ֪ϼһϵĵһÿΣҪʲôòЩԺѧһŻʰһɣ
ϫаֹҰȴע⵽ƽ̹ƽ̨һ࣬һаɸߵĹʯʯͨһ͵ĝԣϺȻһԺѧ֡
ɲ֮䣬ϫ׹ȻѧԺеһ񵥡緽ܹϵ֣޲ԺӵеĶڡ
ȻԺУҲǷֵģһǴ޾ӣԼĪа˰ӵܣһʥɾӣԼĪˣֵһͬԺǱޣȴ档
Ժ٣Ϊÿ궼е̤ѧԺҪôԭЧҪôְͥҪôֱĺ׷ѰԼĴȥˡ
ѧԺҲй涨ԺӵܵʵִʥɾͨѧԺ֮󣬾ֻ·ѡҪô뿪Լȥ£ҪôѧԺһϰȻҪνϰҲҪĿ˵ġ
ϫĿƣһ˲ͿһĺȻꡤ裡
ڶԨҶơ
˵֣ԶһٵϽɫ֣ͷųһϡȻ罾Ϣ
µУֻǱһ֣ûһ˿ӯϢɫâ
һֽ
Զ׼裬Ҷƣɽ繫ϵ֮һԵڲͬ
ϫǣҪ֮Уͨʲô;ģҶֵһɫΣĪǾͺͳΪӵйأ
ûã˴ͨԺ˵ʮϤ롣
һֱԶˣڳϫЩӵһһɨ֮ͻȻٺٹЦҹɰɳ
ˣ˶һɫأٴУ⡰һÿΡҪʼˣ
˵ЩСһУмսʱֵĺܲ˭վ£
ڣƵģһԹҲɨڳϫϡ
һôʵģҶоԼֺܲҪҪվ
ϫվģ˷ӦʱҲͷǹͷ񣬻Թһ״Ϊá
û𣿺Ǻǣǵһһǫ鰡ѵãʵѵáǺٺһЦɱݵϾǲм
Ժ˴սУĵϫѹѧԺǴ˴οе֮ĵһˡ
£ͻȻȺеڣ̬ΪϿҡ
ˣҪӺϫ
ü۽һƳȻͿϫһ̱ȻϫҲʶϲ⡣


1272 ׵ϻȦȦ
ͻأڣҲĿ䵱ݣɫ죬ֻҲüѡ
ȴһ˸ҿ˵ˣǻץסĥ¡һˡ
һƳɫһֿۣ˿ϫɱĴһĨεĹػȡ
жһͻϼһҪʼϿΡ
ƵͷȴǷһĨ֮ɫ˵ô޷Ҫ˳ϫСܿһͷҲǼõġ
ϫһҲǰһԼϼһʲôԼˣ򲻿ɴ
Ժѧ˵ʱϲľǱ˴ϡ
ϵǣһ̾ǰĿϣݵϾǹ֮ɫ㣬ȻûҵıԣһСĴ󡣡
ģзë˸һȻû뵽Լ˽ȥ
ϫҲЦѣͻȻ֣λԺԺƱԱ壬ƺܲġ
ϵһĨ䶸Ȼ̣͵̧ԭŵԴƲţлٴιæԺԭ£
Դǳϻ̳Ͽ֣̬ȺǶ
ЦֲɵӣĸҸƢŹֱϹŶˡ
֪ܸģĪɡ
ͷ˹ٺЦϴܵóȥǱߣ׵ϻȦȦʲôʱͣˡ
ȦȦ
˵һҲ̫ˣһλ޽ɶ׵ϻȦȦģȥǱȫЦɣ
һڣɫɲǼǧٴΣһһףŴͣһ޴ģ
Ժ⡭⡭ⲻԡҡһ̣ǱýͰͣһɥģ
˼ˣж̲סֱ֣Ǻ˷ĵͰ
ȥȥ浱Ժǰ裿һɣûκγɣһ߹ȥ
ƼһţǸ޷ݺݴϣзһҽУ͵ɳȥˤ˸ʺ
ھͿʼȦȦĲԲҳ㣡
ݺһڣĭڵϣӲһ׵Ŀ
˼ˣжǺݺһ𣬵ֹ˵־Ͷ֣˵˾ˣϼһȻ鴫
һԹزӣȻԴʵʵ׵ϣָͷ߶ڵתÿһȦյ߷֮ɫһ֡
ϫˣҲǴ֣˵ֶλǷ˼ó
ȳϫ̫磬һ̣ĿϣΪơ
пһϫʱ
ղ˭Ժб㣬ôվ
˫֣ڳϫǰⲽӰݵͰֻϫ򴦣ɾһݵıӰϫĪѹ
˼ˣĿˢˢ˳ϫ̾ϢȻϼһġһÿΡϣһٰ
ҲԼ㣬ûվ
ϫһ۹۱Ǳǹģƽ
Ŷ
Ƥһ̧ĿӿһĨâ´ϫֱѳϫЩëȻʱ̿ڣԺ˵һ㣬ʲô㣿㲻㣬ԱȺʲô
˵⣬͵ɤӣָųϫǼ⣬ô˵ҵѧԺԺ˶ʲôˣǲǣ
ϫüĤ챻ƣջǿס첻ԣϼһǿʶһɺ֡
Ȼ֪ˣҲȥȦȦɡ
ϫһڵģУһ֣ͷ
ǻȦȦ
ȻһһͬʱҲԺ˵һĳϫȥȦȦȥֻ¶ԵѧԺӰɣ
һԶ׵ϻȦȦˣϵ߷֮ɫǻͲ٣ƺоܺͳϫһȦȦȥĻֻ˹עϫ
Ҿܾ
˸Ϊ㤵ǣϫԥܾˣ
ܾܺãҾϲӲСһ
ͻȻٺٴЦ֪ܾҪĴۣ
ἰ⣬ٵ΢΢һԺнԶֳһЩ£ڵѧԺʷϣҲвϫ㣬ܾӵܡ
ԴˣҲǻΪֻ̱̬ҪκһǾܾɹˣҲ˳ͨġһÿΡˡ
ǰָ㡣
ϫɫƽǱʯȻ
ˣٴ۾˳ϫһòźȻЦܺãҷСһˣǰɵ׼һ޷⣬³ǻȻȦȦҡ
ڴˣϫֱӲˣһȥƽģ
һҲ̫Ӳˣϼһסֻ²ૣԳϫǵǣ岻ѡ
ϼһӦò̫֣˵ÿһԵӵж⣬һж֮ڡӯӯ۵Ĺ˼
ӵܣжԳϫͬģֻģжԱųϫԼпӭġĥ¡ġ
㿴һ緽ʯǰһʵǰʮ֮Уˡ
ٳɣŤָƽ̨ԶһʯȻ˵
ʲô
޽ǰʮ֮У
оҪδ̫̣Ժӵд޾ӵܰ˰ˣһͨ㿼ԺѡγԶԺЩ޾ӵܿɱȡ
ܹ緽ϵ֣ԺеĶڣȻһ̤Ժĵ緽ǰʮ֮УҪֹǿֱ̣Ǳ̬
һɲǼ䣬˶һָоԲ׷Źĥ¡ϫĻˡ
ΨڵϻȦȦɫһЩڴϫٵĺˣȻȦȦңǸһ֡ĥ¡
ٸҷģﻭҹɡüɨһۣŵöԷһ£ͷɫ߷ѿ֮ȴٲҷġ
һ߶ݺݻȦȦһжϫ
һУϫֻü;ֱ̤һʯǰһŝԵʯһƻա
¡һһɹɻƥ羪κ˰ӳϫڵΧҷڲ
һ̣ϫѽΪ߱Ƶ£ɫԣԡڻͻһ㣬һɽӵơ
Ȼ緽
˼ˣԶһ֮࣬ԶǰĿ˹ȥ
УǷһĨѰζĻȣ˵С˵ãӽ쵹ҲʶʶǷ紫ôǴﲻҪĻߣֻܹСʵ
ˣ
ʱϫȭͷϣɫʢʵʣȻЮƥ֮ݺݺǰʯϣһĺ֮


1273 
ǰʯ֮ϣԺ緽Ժǿǰһٸӵֹ֣ܵһҫεĲͬÿ»ܻһʲƵֵ
ǰһÿ¿ɻʮֵǰʮÿ¿ɻðʮֵǰʮһ
ǰʮÿ»õֵ⼫ʮǶ򣬵ھϣǾŰ򣬵ڶһǧ
ڵһĽΪأһǧ
֮һ֮һꡤʲôҲһʱ׬ȡһڰǧֵ
Ƚ֮ԺĴ޽ȷǷ˲֪ٱ
ˣ
ɸߵĹʯرһĨʢ⣬һӵصĽɫǳһ־˵ٶϳ
ٶ̫죬̶Ϣʱ䣬ͳǰʮ֮С
ڳʱһ󾪻Ժ緽ܹаռһǼΪף񣬳ϫ̤ԺδʼУʵһԾ緽ҳһָ߸ͽ״̬
һ˳ϰ
нԶǰԸпһ뵽ϫսе⺷սҲúˡ
٣ô
һĻʱǶ׵ϻȦȦָһ£ٵһ컭õȦȦɼ֮𶯡
ףҪ緽񣿡
Ҳ֪Ժλʦ֣ܸ˴󶯾ˡ
ԣЩͨ˵ԺӽԺӣòеĳһŪĶɣ
϶˾ܾħı̬ҪҲû顣
ͬʱ緽ϵı䶯ҲԺӵܵע⣬˷𣬲ȴһ˸ǰ̽ѰԭǶԺԺߣ˭ҲԸ屩ϼһˡ
Ŀע£һʢĽһ·ϣܿͳǰʮʱ򣬾Ҳе
緽ϣ̾ĿɶԺķϫ죬ǱϾֻԺ֮УЩ߳Ʋ֪Ժȣվ˵Ľš
ر緽ǰʮɽǧŰУܹҫ۴ڣһ޹Ž
Щǰʮܹ
£ųϫֵĽ⣬ȴͻǰʮǰʮȥˡ
Сһѵܰ쵽ô
һ࣬Ͱݵ˫֣΢۾緽ӿһĨ
һĿ£һڴﵽǰʮ֮ٶȿʼʱȴͣͲǰļơ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ

ܣԲܣǧܡܰ
緽ȦȦˣųϫÿһͺݺһ鴤ʺԹĻҪơ
ˣ
գųϫֵһĨ͵һһԾǵʮλռݣ
ڳϫָʯһɲǣԭλеʮ֣ǱʮһǾȻֱʧˡ
ҲΪ緽Ĺ򣬰ϵһռݣͻֱ°Ҫ񵥣ֻеȰ֮󣬲ٴȥս
ƣҲǷֹΪεĸ꣬˵ģо¶ӶӰ쵽ԺС
ⲻܣսĿ˱̬ŸսѧԺʱ䰡
ϫնڵʮ˶ҪԹѡ
ӵܵɫ䣬ҲƸһĨ𺳣̫ǿˣǶɣϫһȽϣԼ᲻һӻһӰС
Ҳû취飬ӽѧԺһ̣ϫһĿٶڳɳ˲֪ٺ䶯ѧԺ漣ЩͳϫһͬѧԺһӣҲμ穣ڸڳϫĹâ֮¡
ûгϫһУȫǷһɡϹŻʵҵϵӵܼ˺ǿĳ档
ϧϿûô
Ȼǰʮˣ
緽ʮϫ⡭ǸǰŽѧԺһ𣿡
һ
һ̣ټԺУҲǱüžϡһ˷
ϫ
ֶÿԺӵܶԣѲİڵ֪ϫƾԺ˵һݽԺʱԺӵܶĦȭƣҪ֤һһǷ紫ǰǿ
ȴû뵽ڳϫ̤Ժĵһ죬ͻǿƵ̬һ緽ʮζţԺ˰޾ӵУʵϱƴĻо󲿷ֶѱϫ˦˺ߣ
һﻹǷâ¶緽ŶԸʵУۼսĻɲ˵ˡ
ҼǵãԭڵʮǼһɣϫսԺͰִӰĨȥıԣֻ²ˡ
Ǻǣ˲ãҵϣϫĵܰԺֳָ״ˣһƣ
緽ǰʮεı仯ԺӵܵĿԼܸоԺϫԺֻ²̫ƽˡ
ʮ
ʱϫ緽ϵΣȴκβγ񵥶õʵĿƷΧڣޱıξͲֹôˡ
桭ϴɲ¥㾯ҽԺʱҪСһЩһҲҶ㾯һֻؾɡ
ϫһͽĿ緽ƿ
Ŀƽ̨һʱȴǿԼĿУԶЩͬˣдһ˿ݵĸζ
ڴˣϫûдֱǰƽǰӽҴﵽҪˣǷԾܾǡȦȦҪˣ
ȦȦ
ۣԹŵͻȻһдһ⣬ֻŹע˵ΣȻǻȦȦˣ
ڳϫĻݵƤһһ͵Ťͷڵ¿ʼȦȦȦȦģԻ̸޵
ըףҰ
ŵûڣɷף߷ίĺ޲ֱĨˣȦȦãȥԺԼôɽ㰡ԺɽָοԼ
˶ǿŲЦ
ϣŰĿ⿴ϫƤһͻȻܺãԺҪӵܣΪﵽҵҪ󣬾Ϳ԰ˣԺ·ɻء
ϫƤϼһʲô˼ѵԺҪʱʱԼϿΡ
īˣó
üͷ
ϫһ㲻Ϲʲô˼ǹԹ԰½˹ȥ
ˡ
һĨ±طһĨ첨µݸϫˣһԺˣǰѧ˰㰲޵֮أڣԹˣ


1274 ͯҶ
ϫӹ£תߡ
ĲϹ߶Ƭ̣ʲô鷳ˡ
ʲôʲôĽģʱ˼ȥģѾȲ֤һԼˣ
˭ԣ㣬ǸؼĲģУȥһ߱ؿʯʲôʱһٿڤʯʲôʱ
ף㻹ЦߵħɣҲΪ㣬Ҫôһͷƽ̨ʮȦҪôҲ緽ǰʮԼѡ񣡡
ȻǿԾܾǣÿǸȦȦļһ³һܾʧܣֻң
ϫ뿪֮ԶԶشǹ羪װ쳹ؼ䣬ϫסͻͻֱаһϱ̬æӿŲ
ͬʱҲǿʼе£֣ⷢʱڲǶγ̡
Сֲܣ廨ţЩγ̣ԶԺϯϰڣԺӲƣ˭
ЩγУҪĻǡҲϯϰٵָ̳ԺС
Ȼһֿγ̣ҪһʲƵֵġ
˿γ֮⣬лɽֱӷרŹԺѡȡ
ϫԿ˿ʲôΨֵҪ࣬ȻѶҲǴ˲١
һа׵ץʱһһ׬ȡֵɡϫһڣһ·򣬳Զɳ۶ȥ

Ժѧ
ϫִʱһͷ٣Ŀĵͯ
ϫʦ֣Ҷʦڴ˵Ⱥġ
ͯЩнؿڣ˫峺ǷͷһȻȴƺЩ󣬿ϫæͷ
ʦǣ
ϫҶһаԾȲѣΪҶҲӵд޾ΪϢԵúǲ
ʦֲǸռ˼ô
ҶŴ

ϫ׹ɰһû뵽СͯҶԺԺյͽٿɲ˭ӵеġ
Ҫ֪Ժ֮ϯϰϹŶһͽʱżΪ̵Ҫ󣬶Ҷķۣɼ츳͸ǱȻҲǼΪġ
ϫʦ֣ʣѡܾǱ֮ذɡ
ҶЦЦתѧȥ
ҶǲǸóƺʦܲŶԣ
ϫȥ̲ס٩һ䡣
ʦ˵ˣۼλʦ֣Ҫƺʦ֡Ҷҡͷһܶºӡ
ϫȻѵʲô
Ҷɦɦͷڨڨԭ̫ˣʦ˵ֻгԼλʦֲֻҺã۸ңԺ߳ѧԺҲҪԼˣܱܶ鷳ˡ
ϫȻ˼⵹ҲЩͲı˵ųЦ㣿
Ҷ۾ȻҶԼˣǻʲôЦģЦұһʲô
ǰ˶ԼˣܳЦʲô
һ̣ϫԶԡ
˵ʱѽѧڲ
һֺһλϰ򣬰һЩԺм֮£绮֮أ䲼ѧԺȵȡ
ϫ̤ѧͿһЩɢɢĵӣټĴдһɫǴ޽ɾڣȻԺӡ
ܹܵЩԺÿһΪǳ֮ߣСģԺһս֮£
ҲԺǵѧԺһеĺһ콾һЩްҪ֣ԶѰɱȡ
ϾѧԺɽһѧԺɽ񣬾˵ϹߴӵܶĸԸǰѧԺѧܿѧԺ̺֮ۺ
ܹΪѧԺԺӵģȻһƽӹ֮
ŶȻôˣ
˲ðȻһͨԺĥ¡
Щһֱ飬ûλǵѧԺͷһ𣿡
ԭǳϫô˵ղžղ緽񣬽ʦֵĨȥˣ
ӿϫҶһʱĿ׷˹۲ѣеĿζе棬еЦеĺɲѣһ㡣
ЩԺӣһ콾һɰȻ̸֮۸ڶȴǱȻġ
ϫüвĿһĨ֮ɫƶԼܲһ㡣
ϫʦ֣
ҶƺһϫЦЦʹųϫֱȥ
ϫ˵ͷٶֲѺõˣ޷ΪԼէһͷβˣֱΧۡ
ֻû뵽ǣԽĬԽϷʡơЦɵĿ
ѲмڣһһƢûУ˰ɨˡ
˵˼ҸûǷء
ǣǷУΪԺһ
˵棬ȥһСӵĵϸҪӮأչһ±ǮС
ãȥһλϫʦܵͰɡ
۷׷УͻȻ֮䣬һ͵̤ƾ˲ƣһΡɽ㣬ֱӺبڳϫǰסȥ·
Ϊϫû뵽ǣԷ˵־Ͷ֣һƾͳԼ
䣡
ߴһĳΧοռ̷ڣڵȰɫ΢һ֮䣬һɿֲĻ޷ӿƥ
һƣ
̾ϳǸߴľ֮һ
һȷ֮һʩչڿգԵף򵥵һ̺ǧ仯Ϥִ̺Ĵ޷С
ˣǹֱӰ
ԷǵԼ·һԲֱӳԼ֣Գϫǳıԣ˿Ҳһɻ
ҵͣ㻹ʸ񣡡
ϫ͵ףһƣָ£͵ץȥ
һץ̺֮Ƶлһ˿صĿռ֮ƽ棬ʵҽǣ˱޿ɱܡ
أ
ϫһץֱӾ׼ޱȵؿסԷţѶԷֹǶץ顣
ߣ
Ǹߴɫ΢䣬͵رԣִ鵶ϫʺҪΧκԣӶѳϫһץ֮

ڴˣϫ߷һĨŶԷһһɿֲӿԷڣǸߴֻһʹɸƵĲ
أ
һ̣ϫǸߴͺݺڵϣܲƵļӲ涼һƾ졣
Χ˼һĻ޲һз̫죬ǶӦߴ㱻ϫ˵ϡ
ߴҽгҵԴֱðǣͷۻˤڵϣƵģʹؾҳ鴤


1275 
˻
һû뵽ԴһԵˣһǿƺ׺ݡ
ǸߴأҲԺһλ緽ڰʮӵŴ޺ڵΪ
ΪҪǣصսô򵥣һԵƥߵģ֮֡
ڣֻɲ֮䣬ؾ߹ƵģźݺڵҲˣ
δ̫˺Ȼ
ȻҾ֪ƾԺ˵һ̤Ժģûһ֮ͨˡԺӰңղûҳϫ鷳
ڵϲҺأϫͷĻƽƽŶԷûҵ·ûһԲͳҶ֣һһЩڣ㲻ֵҿԺӭʱս´οɲɷŹˡ
˵գ֣ŤͷһĿɿڴģҶЦ߰ɡ
Ҷͷ̲סϫʦִ֣Ҫ۳ֵġ
ϫ֪һֵѡ
㲻֪ǣԺ֮䶯ִܣһҪ۵ʮֵҶ
ϫʱһǲײس鴤һ£ԺȻԺһ
ϫƺʶףҶһЦҵǸое壬ɲöսҲϣʦԺٶ֣ʱսǽΨһʽ
ϫ˵ͷҶ٣ϾԺԺĵӣ鴿ϲսҲǿġ
λʦ˾ôˣƺװɣ
ϫҪߣȴٴһԺһͷݿޱȣһۣͶ֮䣬һɱ˵֮
ȻˣҲǿȥˡ
ʦֿǴ޽λеʮĴڣۼǳϫƴսĻǳϫֻҪԿ
ʦֿϹߴ֮һӵܣԺǧ£һҴɱ֣Ȼѹסˡ
߳Χ˽Զһ˽ϫĿлٶһ˿ֻζ
ϫüû뵽¾ȻвѵԼղ̫ˣûӦе
ʦ֡
ҶˣȴǾнڣҪȰ衣ȴɫĮϣҶûʲô¶ÿ
ɡ
Ҷü˼һ£ϫʦǽ̤ԺҸӴΪ֮أȻҴϫʦģôûϵأ
ü㣬ʸɾ峺ϪˮȾһ˿ĳ˺𷴸
ɽȴЩãͷôôʲôϽÿɱû㡣
ҶľͷԴһȥ
һﻹǱҲ֪Ժôƫƫѡôȱ۵ͽܣ
˼ˣҲЦѣ׷׳
˲ǣܾнҶ쾹һ̬һã
ϫȻû뵽ΪάԼҶƴҲǶҶøда⽪Ҷ֣һ˵Ҷˡ
ʱҶüͷҲտŽ񣬵ʦֲ֣𣿡
ǸȱۣϽ
񳹵ײˣñ䣬һѳҶȥҪ˦ȥʡٵԼ·ᡣ
ǣһƾȻˣҶδʲôѧֻ򣬾ɶ㿪
һɲǣϫһУԺһͷռ壡
ҶղŸû򣬶ʩչһֿռ֮ӶŲļλã
û뵽ҶҲһֿռ壬ֻǲ֪ǿռ䷨еһˡϫ˼
ԽԣΪԼˣĿ֮£Լһ֮ȻҶȥɫЩѿ
ʦ֣ҡҡҶɫԥգһſСһš
㻹
ɫһ¶һĨҶ֣ƾ治֪ԺΪŵӣǰݣ㶼֪ٴˣ񻹸вң
˵ţ͵̧֣ٴγҶȥϽҹ
û˵꣬Ȼ
ǰԭɾӡн꣬ϵķԥ֮ɫɲ֮䣬ͱһĨ֮ȡͷһʣǱĺâ
һ̣Ҷˣڽ֮ǰҲʲôһֻ޳߬סʺ
һзʱֲŸո̧еĻֻ˵һ롭
̫ˣ
ֻǰһΪҶ߷һ㱻ƷɵһĻ룬ҰпȴǣҶ̽ץסĲѺӲ
أ
һ죬ͱҶסʺݺݰڵϣҵô涼΢΢һ¡
ʹڣ͸ղűϫܵһޣΨһͬǣҶһֱĲ¾ʹޱȣҲǷһſޱȵǺһƬŤģ쳣ʹࡢˡ
ø˶ǴԼ۾ⱿʲôʱôˣǸɾӣԶԱ׾ԾӵҶ
ϫȴԤϵƾͣκβҶͬû뵽Ҷһ֣Ѹ͡ɾֱӣ׼ַһƵУ
һԭһֱڰԻ
ϫап
ˣ
ʱҶһֱ̧ð˽ɿץס񲱾֣ɫǻָ֮ǰ־н󡢴޺ģѰٵһ˿â֮
ɴʱУȴһ˸Сǰ꣬Ŀж¶ɵ֮⣬ܹһƷλ緽ʮĽɲ˭ܰ쵽ģ
ϫʦ֣ЦˡҶͷЩڨڨ
⡣ϫЦζ
ҡǵһζ֡
ϫǲţҶʱ󼱣һúܵίģʦҲ˵ҪҶ֣ǾȡڶԷ֮ǰܶԷˣҡûƭ㡣
ϫȻҶʦʲô
Ҷ΢ЩнʦЩ̵̫̫࣬ҲֻסһЩ˼Ҿ߶ġ
ϫַ̾ϢѣǴൽһ̶ȣǾǸڵ˼°
ˣֱȥ
Ҷȱԭһֱװġ
ɶƭǺÿ࣡
ֲԺͽܣʦǸƢͽҲǸĻ֮
ڵʹغѻʹȥĽղŷһĻĻ˽Զ̾겻ѡ
һǸ̤Ժȴһٻأһһֱޱȵ꣬ȴĿֲս
Ȼ˲òడ


1276 ®
ѧ
һ赴ʮɣ翣һɽܣЩɽһֻĴָСϸɣ
ǰһλϥϣ΢΢ţ޲
Ҷųϫִ΢΢һλ
Ȼָ赣ϫʦ֣Ժһǧ˰츣أԵĲͬ硢ɡ컯ԪʼȲͬж졭ԺӣҪѡʺԼĶС
ʦ㣬ǡ̫ޱԪʼѡ̺Ԫʼ֮Ķ츣ΪԼǱ֮ء
ҶʦǡԪ컯ѡı̺컯֮Ķ츣ء
ҶͣϫȻ֣Ҷ꾹ǶԲԺĹָƣɺܲ򵥡
ϫʦ֣Щ츣غԺͬ޶ֻ֣֮ʲʺԼģϫʦҪѡҲѡʺԼġ
Ҷ꣬ÿ壬óϫԼȥѡ
ϫȴüЩ
ڷ֮ʱڻ춴类٣ƫ棬Է֮ԼѨܣ춴綼۶ɣҲǴʱûѡʲô
ԭܼ򵥣ǾѨϡת̺ŸֲͬԷĵİСǳɡȵԼɸҲûҪȥѡһҲòϡ
ʱԳϫԣһǧ˰ͬĶ츣أȫʺҲûʲôѡġ
ҶʦѡһϫͻȻһʵ
ңҶɦɦͷǡ籦ѡһ̺֮Ķ
˵ţָָ̧һɽܣһɽ򿪣ӳֳȻעҶơҶ֣һǿŵġ
ʲôԣ
ϫָǿŵĶʵ

Ҷܶ궼ʽˣԭǶ̫񱩣ŸԵϫʦҲӦʱ̫ҲãӰԺ֮·
ϫȴһҾѡɡ
Ҷ̲סϫʦ֣츣һѡɾ޷ˣ㲻ٿһ£
ҶȷǺ⣬ԳϫԣʽĶʺģӡ񱩵⣬Ҳ޺ԵɣȻΪ徭ѨϺȫͬ
ɡϫ
ҶˣֻȻؿ˳ϫһۣͲٶԡ
˶®һֵʱϥϵĻ۾ĮȻ˳ϫһۣ˵ѡͽ
ϫԽµ˹ȥ
ˡ
һ֮ϣС®Ķϸֳϫ֣Ŵ˵ˡ
Ȼ󣬻ֱ߽ӻ˳ϫ
ҶʦܣߣȥҵסŶǶǡúⶴڣԺʲô⣬ɵָˡ
ϫЦ˵
Ҷڨڨͷֻ̫»ָ㲻ʦֵġ
ϫȻٶ˵ҶһҪ뿪
ȵȡ
ڴʱϥϵĻͻȻڣһֹģ
ϫһֵ֪ǰкָ̣
ӳϫã治֪
ϫüëһҡҡͷ
ˣ®ǵƸǰǱ֮أԴ뿪Ժѡˡ
һԵҶĶͷһ֪ģ
Ƹ
®
ϤĴ֣ϫ۾ҲУû뵽ԼߵƺйƸһЩ顣
˵Ĳ
ǻ߿ڣɫһ˿ǣ˵һ¡
ԭԴƸƮȻ뿪ѧԺ֮󣬱ѡΪ®ĶΪԼ֮ء
һΪԲӿ񱩣ΪƸڴʱ̫ལӡδɢУ͵ʱʱ̿СЩϮ
ȻЩЩаĵѡ®ϣӶӡĽۼвһЩϧնǳܲס飬һЩܵ˺޷ֲĴˡ
̾
ϫһУҲЩɲȫû뵽ԼѡһȻһ¡
ʦ壬ô˵֪ˣͲóϫʦѡˡҶСһƬǳ֮ɫƸоԼӺ˳ϫһ
̯֣ҲǸ
Ҷ̲סҪ˵ЩʲôϫסЦų߹ֵлǰָ㡣
˵գҶת뿪ѧ
췢ģҿûӺСһ»̫ˣĪ⣿ǻ߿ųϫ뿪̾˿

ɽ
ˡ
ղӳֳϫҶӰ
ϫʦ㿴ĶҶָԶɽЦ˵
ɽڣϼ⣬ɽйľ죬һƬɼѣǷ
ڰɽλãһԴƺһͿƺ󷽣Ա涣ƣӯľ׵ζ
ǶϷȻ׭š®ּ
ϫһҲΪ⣬˵ر֮ԺܾӵĻʼҲʤ֣ӯŻ컯Ԫʼ֮
ϫʦ֣飬ҾȸˡҶֵ
ϫҲǹֵлˣҶʦܡ
ҲԺӵУȫͿԸÿ춼вͬĿγ̣ȥξΣȥҲԼǱޣûʲôԼ
Щ죬ҶʦֻܴأʱٽʶϾɽϣֻʦֵڴܾӣԺҲʱд轻һ
ҶЦ˵һ䣬תȥ
Ҷƣ
ϫһ˼ɽպ֮һܽʶһҲ޺
һ˼ţϫƺϣǽ®ǰ
ڳΪԺˡ
һó³һΡ
˵һһνǽղ֪µĽ®ţڴ˿ڻһ֮
ϫɣС
ڣаɷԲš̡̳빡ȵ֮ɾ

ϫӰһУһ˳ͷǺȻɸ۶ɵлɬɫɫ컯ɫԪʼȵȣںһ籼ھˣڿкХԵüΪ񱩡
ȻҶʦԣⶴеӡ֮Ѱڴˣֻ¸޷ѹȣڴˡҶԣʺϵ֮ء
ϫһܻȴǶԼѡ
ৣ
ڴʱͻȻһĨӹէ֣˺һĨ޵ĺۼϫɱ


1277 

էְһĨЮһ޼᲻ݵƣ谭˲Ϣ͵ִϫʺ֮
һĨ̫죬ϸ˷ʤ
ڴˣϫȴ׼ǽʱָһղһ˵һͽһĨòٶҲ
أ
ô˻ᣬϫ̽һץͽһĨץ׷ɢ
ȻһõĽӡϢⴿ⣬һ˿ʥַζƸҲѳ˴ڵĲΣˡ֮ż
ֲôԺһܹڴܾУһɽӡѰ޽ֿܹ
齣Ϣһɲ֮䣬ϫԺоͷһҲǰһݡ
Ҫ֪ԽҲ˳ڵķ룬Ҫ֮ż
ˣ׾͵¸ղһ
ͣͣ
ȳϫͣЪǷ羪κ˰ŨУٴһ꣬ư磬ɱնļơ
⽣ȷɲⶴãɱ֮ÿһ̺Ĺһ߱ڳڷĿɲ
Ժӣ⺧һĻֻѼɱƴһֵֶˡ
ϫûУֻһӰƵƵ˸޳ʮָλðɿÿһ׼ޱȵػһĨ
ء
һ̣һ˷Ľ֮ÿһα飬ȻһĨƸµĽӡĨ
ԴѧԺҾһֱԱȣƺʲôɼԶֻܺ㲢У޷һ㡭
Σҿɲٺ㲢ˣ
Ǵ˷Ŀɲһ̵ĳϫҲһֵĸоǻѪӿɡ
һֱûʲôȤԴѧԺ֮󣬾͵ƸȽϣʱˣóϫҲʱһԣǵƸԼ
ϧƸ뿪ѧԺ̫ã٣ҲûϢ
һ˵ƸϢôȥֻһֿɲĸ߶ȣΪϵľ޴࣬ҲϫӵкƽսĻᡣ
ڴ˿̣ȴһѵĻᣡ
ЩӡǵƸʱֻһλ޽ɣһԺӣΪ磬ݵλͳϫ൱
ЩµĽӡҲͳϫյĽˮ׼³ƽ
ڴ˿̣ϫһ൱ǿ֡
ԣϫҪô˾ѻᣬ͵Ƹֳһ£

أ
ڽݺأܣƥâϯܣϫӰһܼ˸ŲƣͶ֮䣬ͻһɲ
սܼңҺӵϽƵĶ츣ڣǸ磬ԻһĿ۷Ծ
һλһ޽ǿߣһλѧԺԻ¼ķ֮Ľ
ԽºͿռĽޣڴ˿һַʽ棡

ͻȻϫƤһԼܣͬһʱŲǧӿ
ЩֱԼʺͷš¡ϥǡŽȫҪǱһ򾡡
ⲻص㣬صЩȫͬһʱ䣬Ӳͬλģ
Ϳɲˣ
ָоͺǧٸƸͬһʱ̴˷ϫɱһ㡣
ʱ䷨򡪡ʱ֮Ӱ
ǧ֮һɲǣϫԺиֳһۣҲһء
ʱ䣬ûӰལͬһʱ̵Ӷ㹥Щ˼ˡ
Ҳǳϫһ˿ɲĹҲһĪѹ
ߣ
ޱѹ֮£ϫӿһĨս⣬ȼգҪٻ񷣬ܣزһĲ
ȺᣬÿһռԶһֶصܹһɹɿռ֮ڲ񶯡ڱ˴ϵŹ
ռ䷨򡪡ռ񵴣
ǳϫ޽ɾʱõһƣĿռƣΨһͬڣԳϫֻ֮ͣſռƵĵһ֮ռ񵴣ռ䳱ϫռӳ١ռӡΪƣδյ
ˣƾռ񵴡֮ҲѳѰ޷̫ࡣ
νʱΪռΪ
ʱ֮Ӱǿռ񵴣Զʱ䡢ռߴķ֧֮һ֣֮Ϳ˭ʹˡ

ڳϫʩչռһɲǣЩ̺ʱ֮ϫ֮ĽԶɸһ㣬͵زһܼޱȵײ
ǿռ֮ڷĥһ㣬ҪЩ顢ѹĥ𡣲̺ʱĽʱ޿̲ܿƵܼġĥ
ָоܹ죬ʱͿռ֮˴˹ȴԶ޷ֱཻߣ޷ԷӴ
ƾϫԡʱա⣬ǺŪ̺ΰ壬ȴҪƽ⣬ؼѲַĽڴʱ͵Ƹ˭Խƿظʤһ

һֶõļ֮乫ϵɱϴ
ϣϫ߹˽֮ͨһ֮Ψ֮Ҫ֮ż
ν񣬱ǲַ
һƣ򽣳ֿͷȻ޷ȥַ¡
һ̣ЩɲǼӿͷ
һ̣ϫǰ࣬ȼգһԨеľͷųʢâ
ֻһɲǣϫеƶȥеĽậµֻһּµƽ価ϴǦϤһƽС
ȻָΪһ
ƽƽһĨӿգ֮еΡһУһĨϢ֮Ĩɱ
أأأ
һƬƽУռ񵴵ҲɣһƬžУ̺ʱ֮Ӱڶལһ뱬飬١
һף
ˣƸڴ˼䶴µڶལӡϤϫ⼫ƽһĨɱƽ⣬Σ
Ҳһȴ˲Ϣ˳ϫһнʱɫ԰һƬ亹ʪ˵ڵϣڼٴϢѡ
Ļꡱ֮ĵҲڶ̶ɲǼ䱻Ĵһޱȵƣо
һ̵Ψһ˫ǿյĺޱȡ
Ϊڴ˽֮һ˿Ȼֻһ˿ǵȿɲȴҲеĲѡ


1278 д

ؼٵĴϢָƽƳϥڶУĴڼƣ״̬µĳϫ֪εĴС
ԶԶȥ绯һڶǴ񡢿񱩡ӵĸԵϱɣ߲ܣǾˡ
ԺУȴһһֽ羮磬ϤյĽС
ս顣
ֻڶб쳵Զ޷򵽵ġ
һαսҲǳϫ޾֮ǿ۷һսĪѹ֮£Ҳһ˿֮İ
ǵϫԺ
ҪǣһսϫѾԼ֤Ƹв統Լ
ƿһֱƵһִպõƸԼԱȣҲֻԴһЦ֮ĬĬС

Ҳ֪˶á
һԵļµĸоȻӿϳϫͷشӴ˫ۣЩ¡ܵĸо
ѵʲô飿
ϫૣļµĸоȻԵ̫ͻȻڤڤзʲô飬һ֡ѪĴ
һеļ¶ȴ޷ȥپȥ㼴ڶⲽü˼ѡ
Ϊﵽһ߶ȣܸܵڤڤһ˿ˡԼйأֻйأйء
һУɹ鹦һָ֡һ㣬δ֪͡
ϫʼļµԴ޷ǺԼйء
ȿųǽѣΪŴоҲӭ콵ѡ
οųľֻܹԼĶңѧԺϹŶֻѲˡ
ǽѡֻ־ʲô
ϫԼĲ²һ񶨣ֱãͻȻһɫ䣬ʧ񾪺⡭ôܣ
УһĨԽܵľ
аǰȻˡ
ϵһϫƼ両ֳһѪĳߣһꪣͨ죬һѪһ㡣
ѪͼΪһʢۣзƥŴĿ˵ɭ
ڽڲӡһӰȻÿһڣһƻƮٿ߹ڹŷߣҡͷжģٿŮ裬｣ǧ˰̬Ƿ
ϸȥһƬƴֲѪȵսŭʥưѪ꣬ذ׹ǶҰŲҡޱȵѪ֮
Ѱ˵ȣǿ˽һۣɲǼͻ꣬
˽ǵ֮ԾŻɽ֮¾ʮŲ㣬ǵŻɿʦʱ֮
Դϫ˽ӾŻɴߣһֱڸδһΣԭڴ˽ǽ֮ǣɲһ롣
񣬵ϫٴó˽ʱǽ֮ϣȴȻֳһѪɫͼΣļ¡
ôܡǰڽʮŲ֮µأôԾˡ
ɵϫһѪͼʱɫȴһӱøޱȣбȻо㵣вš
ôģɽ̫Ͻ̳ˣϫһʱЩȻþò˼׷ɡ
ԣаıԣϢ䣬Բһ飬ʱɽǷʲô䶯ս
أϫԺһ׽һǰ취İ취Ҳ಻סӰһǳ˶

ʱڳϫĶ֮⣬һӰĮȻɢϢۺĴ
ˣԺ档
֮ǰλ緽ʮĴڣϧǾǰ죬ѱϫĨȥҪ³񵥣Ҫȵ֮ˡ
Ȼλеʮÿ¶ԻõһֵĽԣЩֵصġ
ϫ˾٣ǶսĪƣ
һ̤ԺĵӣȻָĨȥ¸ѾԺһЦԺ֪жټһ˳Ц
һֳ裡
水ãջûסǰҳϫд衱һҪƾһսϴˢԼĳ衣
ɲ¥ʱͬԺʦֵܣѶ㹻ãû뵽㾹ôߣԺʦֵܳЦεҪ㾿ʲô̤ͣԺ͸ţ
ڳϫĶǰŭ糱ӿ޲ھҿϫߺݺݱһ١
գûô
ΪͿϫܹΪһһͨԺ˵һݽԺʵȻС
ɲԸΪ⣬ٴڳϫУ緽αĨȥѾˣ˴ҳϫд裬飬ǿɲֹǶˣֱɨء
ʦôûս
ҵǸоʦֵ̬ûбŭӰǣ֪ĳϫ֮ԲŻ򶨺ƽͽÿоսʱʦ־ͻǿ󽫶Էܰɡ
ţٵһȾˣԴǰ֪ϫһ緽ʮҾͶܺ棬ǿԽ˻ᣬʶʶս
ɽĵطŲӰ㣬ԶԺһЩӣڳϫǰ򶨣Զǵ۲ѡ
һУţһ۷״̬һ֮Ȼ
Ϳʼɣ
죬Ҫһʦֵܵ棬ϴˢϵĳ裡
֮䣬ܣ˫ָһǣɤӣڣϫʦܡ
䣡
˵꣬ǶƺȻһͦӰҲǴǶٿȻֶ
õĴǱϣһ㵣ɫ΢΢һͣһѵ֪Լǰˣ
ǣȻ֪ԼˣΪβԼѻ˵ϵһòԼɣǹſģ
ɫʱһ
ϫͻأ֣ڳЩŹսͷһԺҲһû뵽滹δսϫȻˡ
ţ
һĻϫҲ΢΢һҡҡͷתҪ뿪еаϢĻ˼Щˡ
ϫʦܣҴ˴ǰ
ϫǶԼ޶ãɫѿһЩŬʦӦеķȣȻһЦ˵
Ǹһ¡
˵꣬ͱϫֱӴϣҪƾ˲ƶȥ
ôʦѵηһս
ɫһӰᵲ˳ϫȥ·ϡ
˵ˣûʱ䣬ÿ
һ˲ˣԭΪĳϫʱЩˣüɨһۣջǿƢתһȥ
ɲԸʱ˷ϡ
湻ŵģη壬͵λʦֵܵϲңÿȻһζֻܿҵȿ㣡
Ӱһٴ˹ȥЦΪϫǺԼڶԼսȴƫƫǿӲơ


1279 Ϣ
ٴ棬ϫһĨ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬һĨִ嫵Ľӳϫָ
һδá񾳡̣֮ǵɱƣȴͬޱȡ
һһû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷ֣кһټһĨɭȻҲеһѹʶأ͵سһܹȥâ
Ȼ⧲£̬ЩǱԵȻ֮һ뵽ΧʦֵԹۣ۾ʱˡ
Լ˾սȴͻأܳϡ
ԼŬΪʦֵķȣһȴ޶ãֱԼ
ڸղһɲǣһǹ֣ԼֻǼһ£ȻкһһԼˡ
裬˭ܵס
泹ŭˣ͵쳤Хһ裬̬类ƺŭʨ
һ̣ХȻֹɫ͡
Ϊϫһɲǵʱ䣬ƾʩչ˲֮ʧڳС
ģϫ㡭㡭˼ֱ̫
ķζըĿѣ촽²ѣͻȻоԼжһ־硣
Լ棬֣أضԴһд裬ǻ˶ȴ˰ţ˱ɵԼһУ
û͵ϮԼһѣ
ɶ񰡣
һǻ޴йˣĿһɨܣǸԺӽԶ׷ױܿĿ⣬֮ӡ
ȴһĳЦڶģն
ϫҺû꣡ûꡪ
Ҳ಻סŭɽϿջصð˷Ʋ㶼ɢþûصݡ

һУϫͲ֪Ҳ֪
˿ڸɻ󡱵·ϡ
ɻǵѧԺкųϢͨĵطÿ춼·Ϣۡ
ЩϢУɽֱ仯ս»ܡ²ҫȵȵȵȣνģ
߶ԣʱһϢܻȡһĪĻԵһΣŤתĳĸ֣Իһķ
ڵѧԺУҲרſ⡰ɻ󡱣ɳרŵĽϰѼʱʱ̷̿شϢ
ȻҪĺͻĳϢҲҪһֵõġ
ˡ
һ󲨶ϫӰһϻֺĴǰ
ɻֻҪܴҵõйаϢֵܸҲϧˡ
ϫһԼ侲ųǹϴȥ
ףϫȻɣҪء
ϫտǹϴʹӭ߳һ޾׵ŮһϮȹѣں㷢٣Ө֬Ͷ֮䣬һɱ˵󽾰Ϣ
Ůǻ˺ϫʱ΢΢һЩ⣬Ĵ߾͸һĨЦ
ŶԹмô
ϫһʵ
£
˳ϫһۣüһ˿֮ɫʱףɻֻҪʲô²Ŷԡ
ҲûʲôֻϴսʱȣҲܴڣڰȻҼ֪ԺҪһ棬л⡣
ҲˮɿԼ˵һ¡
ԭΪ¡
ϫЦЦҡͷȳǰݷ˼һҲãڵлͲˣ֮Ͷѡ
˵ҲԼһܼ̫֮ʱھͺպɱȡҪ£ܹҪݼһλϻˡ̫ȵġ
Ǻãȥڻظһ£Ͳˡƻ˵ЩʲôƳһ۳ϫ֮󣬵ְȥֻǵ˵ͷתһĨ磬֮С
ǰƺʲôҪ˵
ϫüҡҡͷ߽ɻУ˿ֻ̽йаһУɲκ顣
ɻڿռ伫ڳһдҶµĹĻÿһĻϣŲͬϢȥͬһƬɸϢ۵ĺεΪ׳ۡ
ʱвӰѲ඼ѧԺӣҲܿϰӰΪ֡
ʵҲˣѧԺֵĪطһɽȡĵطһֵǶһɱĵط
һɻˣܹĵɽǧŰ޵Ϣ
ϫִ֮һ;ֱŴȥ߹հ˹һĻǰ
һĻϣֵǷ޵ĸϢ
ףϫʦ֣Ȼ㣡
ڹĻһ࣬һ빣빺һ꣬ϫչæϲ
ϫԼǵöԷǺԼһѧԺһ
ϫʦ֣ѦмҪ볽ˣϧʵһֱδԸɻְΪԼ׬ȡһЩֵǻ굹Ҳ̹Ȼ󷽣Цҽһ
ԭѦʦܡϫЦŵ˵ͷ
ʦҪ̽ʲôϢôѦ˷ܵϫĿӿžĽ֮ɫһ޲Ϊϫǰģ
ţ֪йɽϢϫ⡣
Եȡ
ѦóһöɫƣǹĻһĻʱӿܿͳгһйɽϢ
ÿһϢ󷽣עҪһֵĿ
ϫɨӹȴЩʧΪϢĿϣ͡ս޹أȻûȤֵȥ̽
ѵаǰֱɱ̫Ͻ̣ϫüϢֻ¾͸Ѳ̽ˡ
ϫʦ֣ôˣĪûҪģѦæʵ
ϫͷЩɺ߶ʦˣȥط
ѦһֹĿͱĻͻȻֵһĨɫһϢֻȴóɫʾһϢΪҪͻܣֻѧԺһЩϹŶʸĵ
ɽ𡭡
ѦϢ⣬͵صһæ̧ͷϫû߶Զȥ
ϫʦ֣ȵȡ
ϫŤͷѦɿոһϢʾɽˡ
ʲô
ϫһ𣬸ûѦ˵ֱ꣬·ǹĻ֮ǰȥȻͿһֳɫϢ
ɽ𡭡ѵаǰйأ
ϫһȡһϢ̽ȴԼûвȨޡ
ϫʦ֣ϢǹѧԺϹŶĵģֹԺڵӣѰϰûʸȥġ
һԵѦæһ䡣
ϫһԽüʱšһԺзɿ˼ţȻֻѧԺеһЩϹŶģϢֻ²ʲôˡ
У
ԼҲҪ̽һˣ


1280 
ϫ˼Ƭ̣ŤͷѦ𣺡ԯƾǰܷϢ
ѦҡͷԯǰֻԺϯϰȨ޻Բôһ˿
ϫüͷһȷһϢбȻʲô뵽⣬ٴʵǰأǵԺԺӦʸɣ
Ѧ㼴ٴҡͷϢ漰ɽ֣ԺΪʦȴҪԲһ˿
ϫüѣǾ˭ԣ
ѦˣڨڨһЦæϫʦ֣ϢԺԿԣ֮⣬ԺԺǰԺӻǰؾԺλ氽ǰ
ɲԣ
Ѧ˵꣬һΪأ̺һȻϰ㣬ĵ쳹
һɲǣϫɻֵն˲Ϣţѻȸš
ˣǵӣǽϰ׷ͣжĿ볯ſڷȥɫԶƵظһĨ𾪡η
һУֻΪһ
ϫعʱʱƤҲһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һλͷѩȴŮ⻬Ө󡢰Ůӣ֬ƽӿһƽɫ档
һɫڱ߹װֳһɶɫȣѩ׳Ժ󣬱һľб壬¶һκһ˿覴õľգɢһΰơ
ǰִɻеϢðޱȡ
̫ȣ
ֻһ˲䣬ϫϳ˶ԷݣΪ˿̣ҲǹɵֻƵģͷΰ˫İ׷Ůߡ
ҲֻλڲؾԺ֪µġϻˡӵϵϢϢ֮䣬ɻ
ֲѷԯƾǰʱƿɲ˭ܹӵеġ
һλ˵еѧԺϹŶڴˣϫҲǰ̾ѡ
ΪϫȻǣ̫Ⱦǳˡ
ֹǳϫҲԾɣλѧԺӶϹŶͻȻڴˣȻͿһĻʱвĿⶼ˳ϫߡ
ףȻǳϫ
ԭѵ̫ǰˣֻΪһģ
δЩСˣ˵ϫֻ˼ҷԸһϫֻµһȥݼɣ
СӣôӣλԺԺԵϻ
вٶϳ˳ϫݣнԶЩɲ
ǣûתˣû뵽ѧԺлһɻСһӦʸϢɣ
̫Ȳһͳڳϫ࣬һԷƽɫɨһǹĻϵĳɫϢ㼴ЦڣԽ̺ϣڴ쳹ֱġ
Ůףȴһΰȣɫڱ߹װһͷѩ׳Ժϡ
УСѦû뵽˵еĻ̫ȳֺ󣬾ȻԼʻʱܳЩ͡
̫һ̽ʹӹĻȡһöɫ򣬲ȴδģֱֵݸԵ
ˣ֪Ϊһ죬һţȴǱ̫Ȳ׽Увһ̾Ҳû˵ʲôֻǰһƽȴƽɫ˳ϫϡ
ϫʱܵһɽѹӿȫÿһ缡һڣͨһɲǣǰλڸ˸ͨ͸
ָоͷһæһŬʶеĺͼƬȻһ̣һɣָٸܲһɳصѹ
ϫȴûһɲǣ̫ҲһĨȻ֮ɫȻĿҲǱƽ
㡣
ϣϸ򸣬ϫ̧һͼڰһöɫԼ
׵ʹЩӦָоֽȫͬ
ϫҲû룬Ϊѱǳɫ죬Źֳ̫лǰ
ȻŴнӹɫ򣺡лˡ
û˼ȥ²⣬Ϊ̫Ⱥͻأְ֣ԼһæֱӴֱӷ
аҲû˼ע顣

ɫУ¼һս֮£ԴǺܼ򵥡
ʱ̣˹ɽ죬ֶ飬սһһҹ¾ɽ°ǧˣ£Ψȶ˴
󣬴;бһλǿ߽Уݷǿ߼п̫Ͻڡ
Ŀǰ޷֪̽ԵɣȻʱ̫꣬Ͻټٴɽ磬˵׺ûδΨֻܸ֮ѧԺǰ֪Ϥᡣ
ڴǣ̫Ͻ̣ѱӺλѧԺͬ⴫磬𲻱Ҫ֮𶯡
ϸĶϣϫס˳˼Уɫƽž˺Ѹ֪оʲô
ųϫĬеҲţ̫û뿪˭ҲˣΨµλ˵ϹŶ
ֱ֮󣬳ϫųһָɫݻֵлǰԹˡ
㡭û°ɣ֣ϫ˿ľƺЩȴ˵ﲻˡ
ϫҡͷû¡
л͸ɣԭҴһ棬ȴû뵽ͷСһӴǰˡ
̫Ƴ˳ϫһۣһӣͲʳϫͬⲻͬ⣬һ̾ʹƾ˲ƶȥգʧɻС

̫Ǹһ뿪۵ӣǽϰԶ볤һһɡ
ڵ̫ˣҲǳ˲СѹҲֻд˿̲Ÿɿ
ֻǽŹнԶͬһɻǳɫоʲôϢôֻ̫ϹŶܲģ
̫ҳϫΪ˺£
û˲µõ
ৣ
ڴʱһӰϫأ˵ɻˣϽҳ
˺Ȼ棬һŭݣĿݺɨܣȻ֣˿ԼĿ⣬ƺЩ죬
ôˣ
һڣ˶ˣаҧģϫΪ㶪桭

ؾԺ֮֡
̫ȳ֮أѰʱ䣬˸̤˵һ
죬ϫһƬ˲ľصط
˿ȴû˼һƬĲľһΪ֪аȷϢҲΪЩ׼̫ȰԼΪ˺¡
϶ҪԼϵġ
˵Ҫ֮ȣ֪һиһ˭ƴ˱ɱ⣿
̫һ֮߳ߣһ߳ಽŵĳϫ˵


1281 
ɱ⣡
ϫ͵һɫȴƽʣ첻ԣȴǰڲ²⣬˵ⷬǺĿģ
ϧǣ̫˵ⷬͲٶԣһֱųϫһаɴ֣ޱȵĲ֮ǰ
ľ죬ǣڱĻһƬŨ֦ҶӨӨƮ⣬׷ɣεΪ׳ۡ
ǰϣƾС֮⡣
̫֮أһ˵ز֪µĲľ
һľϫһɣԼڵĲ磬һ̾ǲһ˿ƺ޲ýǰľռΪһ㡣

ʱǰĲľͻȻҡҷ֦Ҷڶӳ˯иգƮӨӨأϫ֡
һɲǶѣϫܵԼڵĲ磬ڼȡǰľıԴ
ϫжʱһæתϢѹƣжһУĿɨ̫Ⱥʱ߾Ʋξȡ
ˣ
̫ȿһ
ԭˡ
ͷϫĿࡣ
ϫȻѵ֪Լӵв磿
Ӧ̫£ںеһͨɽ˼֮Ĳľܲصıʣڲ֮ԨҲǴʱ˼ʿҪɽ磬Ҫ־Ž٣ϼٷ
̫ͷǰĲľԽ˵ֻ㲢ľһʼ֤֮ء
ϫһȷû뵽ǲľͻ֮ӵԨԴ
ʼ棬ȻǴ˵еĻˣǿ̫֮ǰڻеĿֲڣ
һУһֱӲľΪԴأϧһغƽٷһȴԵüԴһ档
̫̾ѩڷƮҷŮƥȴһĨɣ˸֮ɫ
ϫԴ˵ûпЩ飬ܹ⣬ȴ޷ͬܣڡ
̫˵ĵԴأڵĲһ˿Ҳ޷пһ˿ǡ
һΪ˱ľ֮ҲеĲһá
̫ŤͷŵɫųϫȻ˵
ϫ̾ϢȻ
ȻΪҲһԷ֮һԵ
̫ƿ˳ϫ˼ǲɹһĨȻ֮ɫ˫ָƽ㿴ǰľ֣ʮ꣬ȡһ֮áȹ黹ĲʱҲ㡣
ϫкݺһ𣬵û뵽̫Ϊ˽ԼĲһãḶ˴Ĵۡ
Ȼ̫ȵĵλݣغԼ˵ô֮࣬ôҲǱԲ粢ռ֮⡣
ǰ񰮣
ϫһ촽һţ³һɝϼϼ֮䣬ֳһ֦򰾢磬ǲ硣
˫Ų磬̫ȵ˹ȥ
ϫʹ죬ǺԥʹӦ̫Ҳ΢΢ЩȻ
Ŀ˲ϣƽӺݡ߹飬˿ҲһĨ֮ɫ
ֹһҲ룬ճǲ磬
࣡
ഫʼ֤磬Դڲľ֮ҲǴʱ𣬻ľ˵ԴأԢ㷨ţԴͷԲľ
ʱ֮ãܹ۵üǲľ֮磬̫Ⱥ
û飬ˡ
ϫƽֵ
º󣬼ǵǰ˵أһὫӦ֮ϤΪ׼׵
̫ȵ˵ͷ
£ϫת뿪ȴ૵ʱ䣬ܻȡһԷ֮һʮ֮õĲľλ滹Ǵֱʰ
Сһʮ㣬ֲϻ˶û취ųϫʧڲ֮У̫ͻȻЦпһ
棬ϴξңֽҲ磬ôоǷ̫ˡīüһ˿Ȼ
ǷѾͷĪΪǻķֵ֮ĲľֵܲǮôΪҪҿɲ˴Ѫġ
̫Цһ
ϵЦһȥģ˵СӲռĪ˲ŶԣǱϾǲľ磬һԣʤһС˵СպΪս𣿡
һҧӣü˼ܾã˵Ӧòɡ
̫ƳһۣҲ֪ʲô˳Ĭ֮Уò˵ǾͺúɣҪסСӿӵв磬ˡУ


1282 п
뿪ֺ֮󣬳ϫûżضֻѧԺĿǰС
ľĲǻһʯͷһ˵ıƸо
һУԴаѶ
ɽ𣬿аȴͬһλ̫Ͻ̵ھɱóϫȷţ䣬Ȼ̫Ͻйأ
ǰ֪Ҳ֪εȸˡ
ϫһ˼ȴһƬھŻɽʮŲ֮µĵ
а͵ֵܣŻּ飬аԵš絮ںڰеħ𣬶ɾӺݡºͣչ¡
ܺεԣһֱĬĬžŻɣŻµĵͳŻܹǹû
аȴˡ
ԾأϫȻ˽ȭͷԨһĨһɱƵĸоԽԽǿҡ
̫Ͻ̣
֪Լľ֮˲ƽͳ̫ǿˣ֮۲֪£֮УҲΨɽŮ洵ܹ֮ȼ硣
һöɽϢĳɫоܿѧԺ߻ܣֻһЩϹŶһϢд˿ɼǣ̫Ͻ̵飬û˭ҲˣѧԺ
Ϊа𣬻Ϊ㵱һԹԶ޷Ե̫Ͻ̵Ĵڡ
ĳϫԣһʱѹ֮ҲͿ֪
ɽӣҪƷһԱȼɽߵͳʱԵüΪãǲܡ
ȸ϶ҪѲ֪ٱ
ףǲǳϫʦ֣
ǸսԺôôɾˣòᡭҪذɣ
ҲпܣϫʦԺ֮ǰڻɾдһͻƴ޲ΣǴһʷǰļ¼Ϊ˴ɾǰʮһļ¼ߣƸǰ˵ڶء
Թԣô˵˴γϫʦǰѵҪòεļ¼ô
һȻڳ˼еĳϫ̧һŷԼǲ֪䣬˻ɾƽ̨ϡ
ʱƽ̨вԺɾɫٶһĨ羴֮ɫ
ϫ㼴ҡҡͷתȥüͷһ壬ͻȻֹ
пݶƽȥӰҵĵУ˻ᣬǻɾʮ֮ϣĥ£Դй
ϫתǴؾڣĬãһӰһٿȻС
Ȼȥˣ
˵γϫʦܷһ¼¼
ϹˣǴɾʮ߲֮ϣʮ֮µ״ǿɶ֮ǻɾʮ߲ǰƽ̨Уһߡ
ϫɾУƽ̨˽Զһ۷׷ס

ɾʮǰƽ̨ϣ˵һղϫͦӰֶ֮
⴦ƽ̨ϣʱͬ£˲ѧԺӵܣΪȴһɫĴ޾磬ԺӾӶ࣬ҲԺѧ
ϫʱҲǵһʱ䱻˳һ˽оȣо裬Ȼһ㡣
ҲǼ飬ĳϫٲȻͬѧԺе̳죬ѧϰԺԺ벻ʶѡ
һУϫȴǷȻĿһʱƽ̨һണͨʯϡ
ʯһɣͨںڣȴŝ⣬һͨؼ¼ߵ֣£ʮ
ʮԺľͨسɼʮϢ
ھԺӰ飬ӣʮϢ
ڰԺԯӣʮϢ

ƸһӣʮϢ
ڶԺҶƣһӣʮϢ
һģȻꡤ裬ͨɼһϢ
ǵʮľʱϫ΢΢һûв²⣬ϹߴľϵӣԺ緽λеڶʮλ
ԺӵȻʧɫǸɾͨʯϣȴЩͻأˡ
緽ڶʮͨʯϱֵʮͨؼ¼ô緽ǰʮĵУȴвδϣȻԵЩŹ֡
緽ҲֻǴһʵΪĸߵͣۼսͨʯϵļ¼ŸʵһЩ
ϫԼ˹
ΪʵǿսĸߵͣϾеΪǿᣬȴûк˶սľ飬ܷӳսȻޡ
ϫھŻɡϵЩʦֵǣսɽʱʶľʣΪͬнԶΪɫǽԶóսΪǸͼ˽ֹ
Ȼͨʯϵʮ¼ıľ򣬾һΪǿսҲǳ͵Ĵڡ
Ƹͨ¼ӵʱϫһаҶƵܹλ
ĬĬͨʯƬ̣ϫƿĿ⣬̧ͷͨɾʮ߲ڴ
һΣԵɺ֮£ǵʮ߲һͻƴ֮һΣΪľ֮ݣԵ;Ψʹһս
һϫӰٿȻͨʮ߲УӰʧеֵҲһӱ۳һٰʮ
û취ɾɲܽģÿһν֮ǰͬҲøһֵġ

ʦңΪ˶ܺһսһﾹɾˣҵҪʲôʦַģҲ˳嶯֡
͵ϫӰʧƽ̨֮ϣɹܣղӳֳӰһ磬ɫλ緽ʮ档
һһۣͷѩڣ̤ѥĿꡣ
ɫ𪣬˫ǳֱͦݿƥ򣬹ճһĨâĻȣһһȻΣٷʡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
Ƕ˳ʱƽ̨϶ʱֲһ궯ǵʱŮж¶һĨаĽ֮⡣
ԺƵ֮һλ緽ھҲǼΪԺգ鲼ɽɸϵ
ԺУšС񡱵Ĵºţ˼ԶֶֿʵǿܲĿˡ
ѵÿɹǣºͣ黳ȣѧԺӺͽϰĻӭ
˿̣˸ԼкҲ΢ЦףһУŰһԣЦαأһζѡ
ȴҧⲻô򵥣
˵ţ̧ͨʮ߲ڣȻһѾȥˣҵҪߵһˣܳͨʯϣҶ˵ǸҲȻⲻܣ


1283 Ψս
ⲻܣ
ĸ֣˵նϣһ˿ڵԹһЦѡ
ٶȰֻǰĿ⿴һͨʯаľȻλ緽ڶʮսԺӵ֮ϣҪļ¼ȥȷô׵ˡ
֪ѣͬһԺཻĪ棬ԵȻΪ緽ϵαᣬҪҳϫйʱʱסˡ
ΪҲ˵ϫյйسϫϢҪȫ棬ϫǱкε֮ٲȻѲѷɫڵƸһ˿й֮
ֹˣϫսѧԺʱ䣬ѽԼˡǵõԯϡԼԺϹŶ֧֣
Ը֮ΪУû취Ǳʵֲ̫֮ΪУעʳѰ
ȻͬҲϫѧԺеĸôι̲ƣؼ׺ϳΪ˵жԴڡ
֪ϹߴУڵѧԺеΪӴ󣬳ϫ֮ΪУҲǴżա
ΣͳϫΪУǵģ޷ѹסϫָο棿
ֻϣϫܹƵ¼״еִɣȻ˾ȥԿĶȻɡ
̾ȴǺԼϣƺܻˡ
ǻɾʮ߲㵽ʮ֮Ĺؿܹͨʯ¼¼֮ˣĸԺĴڣ
緽λеھţɾеĴسɼϣȴλ緽ڶʮľҲȲд˾ܿҪԼͨʯϣɲô򵥵顣
㡭ʹţסʵ
ԥǵȻһﱻŰʲ
ˣٴһ̾ٶȰֽƫִ״̬Щģϫӻɾسʱһδܴͨʯϵļ¼ֻ±ȻҪһЩìܺͳͻˡ
ʱȰȰͻɡԾ

ʱƽ̨˵Ŀ⣬ҲǰһϣϱߣųϫֵһĨ⣬ƵƵ˸
ؼʼ

ɾʮ߲㡣
ĿռУϫȻ忡һƬ֮ɫΨһԨĺӿһĨȻڵս⡣
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ϣ
ɽʣڳϫȶ޳УһɲǣһĨâ֮ӳϫӿ
ںŨܳ裬ֱ缤䣬侲ȴһǵơ
Ϊ硢սɡɱ顭һͳͳս⣬ڳϫȼա
ģΨս
ʮ󣬴ؿڡһϤĲĮȻٿȻ쳹
ˡ
Ƭ̺ղһӰ۳ͣģơΪȴͳϫһޣǵʮ߲عߣһͳϫΪ൱Ķ֡
ףʵˣȫǳϫһ֣һ־ΪһͶӰսʤԷʵսʤԼ
ϫһϤ֮Ǻ˳ֵһ̣Ӱһʩչ˲֮ɲƾʧ

ǺҲǷӦ죬͵ذν̿գӲסƾմɱһײȻϯ˷
صһֱӵɳȥ쫷еһҶƼÿһ缡쫷дɲ֮һա
̫ˣˣ̫ڣ
ϫӰƾո֣ˣüҡͷɫĮȻһ˿ս޷йȻ
ʮ߹سɼһϢ
һĮȻ޸𣬰һĨϼסϫӰ뵽˸߲С

ɾʮ˲㡣
ৣ
ϫӰһ׶˺ѳһѷ죬ɲǼ䣬Ѿ֮⡣
ϫ㾲Ϣ֮ڴ쳹һ˺ѷ֮ǰ뱻жʺͷ­׹أȻ׷١
̫սϫüͷٴ塣
ʮ˹سɼһϢ

ʮŲ㡣
ս
ʮ㡣

ʮһ㡣


ŲĵϫĵĿҲ࣬سɹԴҲһδ쳹صݡ
ʮ߲֮⣬ǰƽ̨ϣǻȻһƬ
˵Ŀⶼʱʱ̿ӳŴسɼϣһĨųϫֵĽüҲһĨ֮̾ɫȻ֣ԽԽࡣ
̫ˣ
ؿʼ񣬲ŲʮϢʱ䣬ϫһȻѴʮ߲ɱ˵ʮУ
Ҳ˵ÿϢʱ䣬ʹһعؿ
һȻ紫ô̬Ҽǵõʦ㴳ʱɼҲ˰ѵ˴λҪٴһ¼¼ɣ
Ǿ̾۲ѡ
ԣǿԴʮ֮صٶȽ֮֮ǰԻһ˿ʱƣصٶֻԽԽ
üϸʦ㴳ʱֱʮ㣬ٶҲδһ˿
Ҷʦ֣ҲڵʮʱٶȲű
Σϫֱ֣Ѿ㹻ˣһΣпܳͨʯء
ڳ֮УΨɫһƬϫĿı֣δеκεĴܡ
෴ϫڴʮ֮ٶȳһ˿ʱʱͷΪǵãľ򴳹ʱڵʮʱų˺ͳϫͬ״
ľҲֻλͨʯʮϫôܴľļ¼
ŵСӣΪԼÿζܴһ漣Цѡ
һԵƿ룬̲סüͷһ壬̾ϢˣسɼͨʯϣҵĻ
û˵꣬ζȴ¶ţǾǳϫ±ȲЩ¼ǰʮȴǶ˶Ҫǿ
Ȼʱɫʱһü亮ɨһۣôоƨᵽϫǱˣ
һЦʼ磺ֻǲԸͳϫΪС
ߵֻڹۿأ˭Ϊˣ
Ʋϣ԰ɡȻԡ
㡭һۣ޺תٲ
죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôģʱҲ죬ٶȰ
ʱڻɾʮһУˣϫڸܵһ˿ѹΪĶ֣ѱ˶ʮ
ûв֮Σô˻ᣬҵҲһҵļ޾ˣ
ϫһԣĮȻƽϣǿհս۽գһƬ


1284 ֮
֮Ԩòʼһ·񣬳ϫûΪݽ߷
ΪܹڼʱھͽĵָֽЧãҲһδս
ҲΪвĴڣһֱԼΪļޣ־ˡ
Ϊս
ΪŵǳͬΪҲ֮۵һ̨ףÿ˵̨׸ߵͣӲ̶ȴǲͬ
һУΪǳϡ
ÿһ㾳УΪǳӵеϣԪ֮ȵȡ
ֱ񣬳ϫԼյΪҲͣڱͬٱĸϣھж伫ȴһƬģ
ԭȻΪĴڡ
񣬲类̫Ƚߣ֮󣬷ܹ¹黹ϫС
ֱʱɾдأϫҲǽɽ֮󣬵һƾԼΪޱؽս
ѰϣȻΪأһʧ״̬ϫû
Ϊ֮޾߹֮·Լһж֮ģҲӲӦ˶ܵ

ɱ
һĮ޸Ĳһ쳹ϫѻһĨ⣬˸գŲתơ
УɽǻԣǡǺ趯أ嫻ͻͣ޼᲻ݡ
ǻɾʮһ㣬Ƕʮ൱ڳϫΪĺˣɵԳϫɽĿɲʱȴԵôǺм֮
ڶ̶Ƭʱ䣬һֽͬһ㣬ǻͻͺ嫵Ľѹ飬
ǵһĻǸ磬ȻȻɡ
ɶԳϫԣȴѰ飬ΪܹӰսսķӣȴֻӵΪô򵥡
е⾳ϡɱļӳ֡սķӡս־֧šȵȵȵȡ
һ棬ϫѴﵽ֮ͬеĿǰ߶ȣЩΪϺԼµĶʱȻǳֳһ·ѹ̬
е˼ˡ
սϫüͷ΢΢չһ˿
ʮһɼʮϢʱ䡣
˵һһ̣ϫѱЮŽ뵽˵ʮС

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Ψ֣ų죡
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ڣս۽ȼգÿһ缡ڲڿǻеѹݡꡭҲǵõһѵõй
ϫ֮ҲԼϸеظһ·ͶУֻѱѹ͵ġ
ͬҲҪй
սһ·նӴ򣬴ڤ֮أɽ֮ϣеļɬ˭˵
죬ġ
أ⡣
ΨнһУйսͷԼĵ;֮ϡ
гһգܹ̤Ǵ۷壬ȻʱһеļɬһеѹйѳΪӡ

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ʮϢ֮ڴسɹϫܴľֵĴؼ¼ǣʣʮϢҵʱˣܰõ
һ̣Ҳɫһ˿ĽţһĨԹ
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ü˼Ŵϫطʱôܱͳϫͻˡ
Ϊ³ϫǴƼ¼ֻҲʹ˰ˣΪһֲײǽͷľ¿ƢΪ֪ѣȻһ㡣
ʱɾʮС
ʮս󣬴˷ϫסսһ壬Ұ˼ȫҲκε·
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ǵѹҲǱ౶֮ǰĹؿȫͬʮؿеĺˣսϣս飬ƾսɱУȴֲһ㲻֮
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ʮ˽Ҫɱǰһɲǣϫеɽ͵һ񣬽ϣǻҲһɲȼա
һ̣һִҫޱȵĽɨ
һƻͻͣᴩبŶ򵥵һȴʧɫղ
ˡ
һɲʮ֮Ҫϫ
ǡ֮ƣֻһ˿ɵڽУǵȴ촷£նţ
ۣۣۣۣ
һһ߾նһܣһգ۹ʮˣϤ꣬ء
ǹ̫ѤãƮ㣬䲻֮ѪҺȴ͸һɱѪϢ
һ̣ϫ忡ϣ˲ò԰һƬ͸ȴʣҹǳ
ʮسɼʮϢ
һĮȻ޸ĲٿȻ쳹صڳϫϡ

ͬʱʮ߲ƽ̨ϣӳֵĳϫ֣Ҳһʧ
ˣ
һ㶣ˢˢĿһͨʯϣɫʱ뽩̣һ
ΪͨʯʮλϣԭľλãȴǱϫȡֺ󷽣ҫżĿĽɫּ
سɼӶʮϢ


1285 ҡ
ǵãڳϫʮʱѾʱ䣬£˶ΪҪһ¼ԼͨʯЩˡ
Ͼλеʮľ򣬵ҲʮϢʱ䣬£Ȼûţϫ̶ܹʮϢʱУɱʮʮ֡
ͨʯȴֳ˳ϫ֣սֻӶʮϢ֮ϫѵĵʮʱŽ˶ʮϢʱ䣡
ɾ̫ˡ
ꡤ贳ʮʱɶûгϫô죡
ҲˣԵһĻʱ˲Żֵ𾪣ЩԼ۾
ӶʮϢֻȵھİʮϢʱ䡭ֱǸ̬ûǴϫֻΪɣ
һ¼¼ǷûУϫ緽ϵǽֻʮѣҲӲ֤ս֮ǿȴΪôˡ
ȷ̾Ϊֹ
ϫµĴؼ¼λеʮÿ¿ֵֶĶ⽱ɷˡ
۷׷ף̾ѡ
ֻӲɫˮԹ֮ɫдŨŨĲʣþòԡ
һԵǵؿһۣ죬ȴ֪Ȱ
Щִһռ˵ģһϻ֮˲ƫִİ׳գǰ档
ˡ
ڴʱͨʮ߲ڴһ󲨶ӳֳϫͦӰ
˿̵ĳϫɱֱǹȴǻָƽǿգξһƬ
Ψ忡ϣ԰һƬ͸Ӷ¶δУҲ̫˿ƣ״̬С
ϫ֣ƽ̨һȻĿжǲƵشһĨη֮ɫ
Ȼǳϫڻɾеı֣۷ǲˡ
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˵գתȥ
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ʶûУܽѧԺԺ緽ʮȻǶǹȥˡ
ͺãһͦ㲻һкͳϫսء
ĶԷ̾ϢϾҲˣλʦܣȫ޷óŶ̶̼ʱѣѳɳزԺ˵ã
仰ֹ޷Ҳøƽ̨ҲΪȻипѡ
ǰϫʵ̫ҫۣעѰɱˡ

һףĶԱУȻ֮С
һйףһϵĽֻȴǻɾеͨʯϡ
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ѾһԺĸ߶ˡ
ǣϫŸ̤ԺΪҲŽֻڶѡ

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ϫ֮󣬾͵ϥУĬĬ´
֮ǰڻɾдأҲľ޴ǵʮʱʩչǽ̺һ˿֮ƵĽµټûв粹õҲǸеЩƣ
һеĥ¶ֵãȣնľеĿݣΪ̫Ͻ֮¶ģͷͨһƬ
Σһδأһ¼˵ŽλͨʯʮֻҪβ仯Ժÿ¾ֵܻ
ټڴɾǰʮУŵһĴؼ¼ͬҲܹÿ»һֵ
ÿ²κ飬ܻİֵ
ټ緽ʮÿõһֵÿ¾ֵܶˣ
粻ڣҶԣδһ£µʱ䣬ǿȫûɾͻΪޣԺ޺ڱȻĪ档
֮⣬ܹͻͨʯϵļ¼ÿõֵĿҲǻǣνһ˫á
ϫһߴһԺг˼
ΨһоЩüȴǣÿһνؾأҪһٰʮֵãһƵĿ
ǵΪʱȥҲ٣ֻ˷̫಻Ҫֵˡ
뵽⣬ϫ˳˽ļƻһɣԺ뵽εĴС
ͬʱǶɳǷĽֵϣȴСһһ·Ŀ
һͷ̬ĻëСܣֵһһһڿС
ڻëϣſһͷëѩСޣ۰ͰͿŻëСеϣΡ
ѩС޵ıϣһСˣʤѩӢƥ˫۱أ΢΢ţ˯˯ɢһ὾ζ
Сһһ𣬴ҡĽֵҡУȻ˲ƵƵĿ


1286 ¥粨
СһȻסëС̰ܰ׿
ɽų⶷ɳУȻҲɽصĲͬ顢ࡣ
غеǿ壬֮ص塢ľ塢塢塭ȵȡ
ҲöɳеѶԸι״żʣһ֧ʱɲĿĿ
ԭڣСһʵ̫ˣҼΪϲǵ
Ȼ˺棬һļ˻ޣ
һкĿ⣬ײںں׿Ȼںҡڽֵš
һϣδͣ̽ʺԴЩᣬջǽһϵݵ򴦡
׿ѵȵòͣһͰϵﺬƤ׽Եù֭Ľ˰ëϣһЦΪȻ
˫۱أӢɣΨʹƤȴǽסаһԻһ·ԵڻûԹĿ֮£ֱԼ档
ףǿðܲ˼֡
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˵⣬ײźۼͦͦţɫ὾
ޣԭ
صͷŸɱĶӣǣֶˣˮ̫࣬ܳ伢
Ƥȥİ׿ԣҲݺݵͷؽиݣ˵˵Ķԣ
ˣҲ֪ʲôӢСһ޷ַȣҧǳԳԳԣ뿪ڰʥԨǾͳԣ̤͵ϣҿֻĶˣӲ
ڨڨ첻ԡ
׿ίƳһۣſ˰ϡ
һ̯̯֣ʹļ׵ԺչһҵòãѾ˺öˣ
˵ҲӿһĨԹһ·ΪչԻԼܵļֱܸˣ
˼ŴԴ
׿Űۣһøƽϵģ
׼ˣס̾һ૵ˣҵϫһóǼһһλʦһһеСء
Ͱ׿Ҳڳϫߵ£һ̿ˮ
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̿ˮСһڣоĴϣһֱ̫ˡ

ʲôζ
һ̣ס׿۾ͬʱһ뻮һԱһ¥ͬһʱ̿ˮ
㣡
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أ
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ৣ
ֱʥּ£ֺͱĿٶȣһĨ˵ĲӰֱӳ¥ڳȥ
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ʡСҪЩʲô
λСĿСѲãϣ˵Сһֻߣģû𡭡
׸ɿһɫָ὾ģùףָϱߵϱߵƲͳͳһ
ԣ̧ͷ˵
״ǲײس鴤һ£ͷͰ˵ɡ
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СףСӣЩܼһʮߵݵĻҪʮʯۺϼƷʮ߿顣
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С͵ȸϲˣɲ¥Ĺأһֱˡ
˵ʱɫѴһ˿ᵡ֮⣬ƾ仰Ͳ³ģŹֵС϶ǵһɳǡ
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Ҫ֪Ƕɳеһߣɶû͸ɲ¥ѵģû취˵ز֮ʣɼ۸ɲ˭ѵġ
ʯ
һϿɴӲЩġ
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һ룬ԭûٵĹ֮ɫʱһĨмȡͷʯûУ͸ɲ¥ǵģҰװ˷ʱ䣬ߣɲ¥ɲʩлӣ
˲ĻһԽü͵һкԵİ΢΢˵ͷ
ٺ캩һЦֱһƾǵСϣúһҽУͨһſڵϣѪҺѡ
˰Ҳ硪
ǵСҽУȴҡһƨϣ۵ٶ߬һţп°ĭ
ŪˣǶɳǣֺܶģһǳǵģǽֻܶˡ
һ䣬˵ܣȴǻ벻⡣
ͷΪѵ֣ΪӣСĵ㲻ġ
һԵİ׿˵ͷͰΪʳĸ
ֳĶ𸽽ע⣬ʳͶ׷װĿĿԴȻ֮ɫû뵽˸ɲ¥ˣǣµĻģŹֵСһ벻עⶼѡ
˭ɲ¥£
ߣֱ
ĪҪһЩ۵ĶӰò͡
һ£һӰڶԶɲ¥ʵΪεĶɾ硣
ΪߣŴ޽ɾΪлȻΪˡ
˴µģģŹֵСʱЩ˵ɫԶһŭޱȣ˭һޣɲ¥Ұ
ô£
Ϊ׵Ľ߿ڣ絶ƵɨסͰ׿
ڴˣͷһЦ˵ۿ˵ͣȻˣͬߡ
ʱ㾹Цֱ̫Ᵽһǳ⣬ֱ޲һͷˡ
ٸһ䣬ɱ㡣
ɨ˶Էһۣзâէ̵֣ĶԷһëȻŵòٶ˵һ֡
ǽ߼ˣһУϸһߵݵò񣬽һɱҵȲˣ
ѵû˹ۿ˵ͣ
˿ãͱˣ䶢ǽߣϼһҵҪ㣬̬ȶӵĻ˵Сô̵ܽģ
̬ţ˽ԶŭҪ֣£ݺһգȴǱǽס


1287 
Ҫ֣ȴֹ
üɨһ޿ֵףֿ˿ʼնδԼ˵İͰ׿в֪ΪΣĪһ˿ĸо
ŹֵС̫򶨣³߲òԷǷǷˡ
˵ô£
ĿһǱһƨڵϵĵСϡ
ǵС۵죬°ĭԣеԹ£ǲʯѣ뿪ǷҶֱ֣̫ⱡ
˵͵ٴηһҺȴǰƨŤŤǻ߹ǡ
ʱ̼Ǹһɲ¥ŭɫǽֹѶֽС̻ˡ
ǡʲôҪ͵ģ
üףѾע⣬ʵˣٲɵʲôֱӶˡ
ʱ򣬾¥ò͵Ŀ˴඼ߵĶٲһ鷳ֻӰ˽⣬ֺɲܹеġ
أ
ֱһҲʯͷ˰ϣǵȷûʯ㹻Ժˡ
Ժ꣡
һ㶣㲻Լ䣬ôĿǻɲ¥ѰСݲɣ
ǵĿóһʯͷʱĲЦĸʯܶһʮʯ˵ɲ¥Ժ꣬һˮ򲻵
һôֵĸСҲˣ
ɫԶòƣгŭǵĿ⣬ͬʬһ㡣
׼ˣȴһмҡͷһ˿ڳŪЩһ顣
ˣǽüһֽ˼һҲʯͷУϸϸ
ʯֻӤȭͷСͨ尵ң޹⣬ȴǧ֮أģսǾþĿ⿴ȷʮʮĸɡ
жüͷɫҲһߵĿУѴһĨɱ֮
ע⵽ߵ仯ЩɫҲ壬õһ£ǱȻ鶯֡
գһʱ
üƳһ۰ߺһЦͷʾס
ɷһ۴˱
ڴʱͻȻһ쳹ԭŵնʱһ˿͡
ǽüǿ˵֮ʱɫһǱøֳһĨЦݣԭӣϷղʧˡ
ݿʣ˫ǳٷ磬λеѧԺԺ緽ھšС֮Ƶ
ҲϳݣʱһȻû뵽ﾹҲ
ȴֻƳ˶ԷһۣջĿ⡣
΢΢һЦֱǰùһʯͷһӣһâŤͷ׵Сѣѩʯ
˻һڳһѩʯǿ̫ɱ䣡ɽмѰٵ
ôܣĸҰǽ߾ţָо񿴵һʯͻȻ˽˾䱦һ
΢΢һЦδʲôֻǰĿס
ʱ˾ؿһۣͷ㻹Щ۹⣬Щǿ̫ˡ
һλѧԺԺеķģҲֻˡ
ȻоߵӢС˻Ȥġ
ЩԼɫѿޱȣʱȻƽϲô࣬ǰ˼ǿʯͷϡ
ѩʯǼֵɾ޷ˣɲ¥ԺҲǴ´ࡣ
ؼǣ˱֮ǿĵط
ӣѩʯ
üԲš
˵ͷͻȻ׵˱ɸƷ裬Ըǧ轫乺򣬲֪Сܷˣ
Ҫһ̫ױѩʯΪϣһΡ
ǧ裡
⾪˱ۣ̲סһ󾪺۸񣬿ɲ֪ܹټɱˣ
ߵ˵ɫȴһӿѿޱȣнԶ޲ɱǵСɸĺᣬԲ˵ٻˣҲȻѩʯɣóһ䣬СһܸǮ
ϵǣҲû룬ֱһھܾˣҲдãɲ˵ġ
̬ȼЩϧ̾˿ջǽ黹ҡͷת뿪
СѣȻ㲻ΪҪ̴ɲ¥ѣǽ̲סʵɫͿǶǱû֮࣬ǰǰ
Ժȣ˻ˣõһѩʯծĪΪҺܰ׳գ
üɨ˶Էһۡ
ɫһ£ջ̲סɲ¥Ĺǣȸˣϲ˵ġ
ЦȻԣҲûʯҵȣҪ߰ɣɲ¥˴͵ģ
šüݺݵ˵ϵĵСһۣεȷɲ¥дȣСѼ¡
£
׵ˣóһѩʯǻ㶯ֶԷǵİɣ
߱ʵЩͷ۲ѣǴðСôѲˡ
ˣһٷˣСɲ¥һֻһЩЩݬˡ
ԶڣæԲ
ԣٷɲ¥ˣСЦɡ
߰һͷ˵
׺ߵ㿴ְ׳԰׺ȸǮȻҪǸǾȥѧԺԺӳϫһ仰˵ȴҲԲˣ
ϫ
֣˽Զһ¶ݣƶû뵽ǰСһﾹλµĴ潾һϵˡ
ϫ
оâһа̾ɲ¥ߵˣǳϫ֪˼䷢飬ֻ·ǲ˴˵زɡ
ϫ
ǽߺһɫԶ͵뽩̣۾ùԲжֱðСһȻϵóϫǣϵƺΪУ
һ̣ǸоԴһƹ졣
Ķɳǣ˭֪֪ϫλڵѧԺĴйһо¼ǳΪ˶ɳǽͷβŵĻ⡣
ڡȴȻ˳ϫѣ
һ뵽⣬ߵ˼ֱᡣ
ϫһۼʵҲɳǽصɲ¥ɵֲĲʵı
һʲô¶ѧԺЩϹŶס
򵥵˵⶷ɳУ˭ǸҵϫӣǾǻˣ֪ôģ


1288 ڰʥԨ
ɲ¥һƬ𾪣Ҳ׹ŹֵСһ򶨣ԭ˼еģ
һɲ¥ĴЩˡ
ǽߴ˿Ƕͷ亹Щ޴룬Ļһ˿ڴ޽ɴڵķȡ
ƵĿףǸѣ˵˺ûͲûϴˡ
ڴˣȴǲˣֶǱ͵飬Ļʹ˱쵰
óһѩʯǱϫţ϶˵ԼǸ
ǿƣˣ˶а̾ûо˾ٺܹ𣬹ֻɲ¥̫顣
ֵòɿ֮ʣͻȻһϲӾ¥⴫ס׿
һͦӰھ¥ƾո֣忡ֱǿգʵȻǳϫ
Ծ
˭Ҳû뵽ϫλµĴȻĳˣ֮죬ǰŲյ蹦ѡ
ɴҲ֪ŹСһǶôӣȻ˶ʱھ͸
һԭſһĮĵİ׿ػһӰһѳڳϫϣϲë׵СԴزϫգǵĲˡ
ϫ֡
Ҳ˹ſֺı۰򣬸ϫһʵʵܱǳϫֹҲѧ׿һҪڳϫϡ
Ψף˫۱أб˳ϫһۣǺǲϫôڲ
ϫЦˣȻ޾ϲá
ɽˣҲЩСһǣ˿ܹ֮ط꣬еϲüֱˡ
Ĵϲ£úأ֪ҹʱ⡰֪ǡֵ˳ϫ˿̵顣
ŹСһȻͳϫϵǣ˽ԶĿƵǽߵˡ
ǳϫͨѣزȵأǹϵĪĻϫܾʹ˰֣
ǻκһˣڼԼʱֻҲưոˣ
ΧͶ񣬿ųϫСһܣǻǽ̣ͷֱð亹һʧǵģ
ܿ죬ϫע⵽ڳյ΢üף۸ˣ
˻һǽпһٲҺ˼룬æǰϫӡ
û˵꣬ȴϫϣҵѣ죬Ҫ󡣡
ԴǺ
ȴû˸оǵ֪Уϫ˵Դǲǲֱܲӳɲ¥ʲôֵġ
ؿбǽһۣ˵ûܵ۸ֻǱЩ쵰ƻò͵¡
ϫŶһĿȴǵѵĵСϣ֮ǰʱһƨڶԷϣǵͷϡ
׵ıԣϫһСһﰮǵͷϣҲڴ˺ˡ
ϫʦܣܷһӣˡһΣ
ͻȻһЦϫߣ˵ʱôʵɲ¥һɸĲҵ֮£Щ̬ȶӣ˽⣬һһĽ
ϫ˼ؿһۣղŸòʦ֪ͨҵģ
΢΢һЦĬˡ
ԭϫ֮ǰһֱڶǱޣһλԺʦܵŰݷã˴£ܼʱ
ףأ
ϫŤͷףȷӰһСæ漰ϣҪѯһ׵
ײͬ⣬ҲӣǷһС飬Ժһỹˡ
˻һǽߵ۰ͰףĿоǰ֮⡣
ʼ磬̾ϢֻӶѡ
ˣǽæ˵˵ȥ¥ڵʦζ
ȴߵ¶ƻˣҿɲϡٴˡ˵⣬ŤͷϫҪȻҪԳϫġ
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ϫȻ˹֣ȻˣҵȾ뿪ˣǡ
˵գҲǽߣסͰ׿ת뿪ɲ¥
һĻ˽ԶԼоԺУϫֻٲɲ¥һˡ
ɲ¥ԣѾǲеˣǳϫŭ쭣ɲ¥ֻ¾͸޷ڶɳˣ
ζлӳˣ¸м
ǽȴǳһӹŹһȦ㣬˲ô࣬лһмģ
Ҳ׷׹л
һǾ¥Щ˰ɣܰһΣȴﲻһӡҡҡͷҲת뿪
˼ţóʲôĴۣóϫԴ⣬Ĺɲ¥
ֹڴˣΪɸĺҲô˻ᣬͳϫύһܱõĹϵǾٺòˡ
ΪԺҪɸģ鲼ɽ̻ܹ񣬿ĲֻͲƸӴۺϵ
ϫԵüΪֵϧһдȥύˣȻǰǳϫԸˡ
񣬳ϫǷȱʲôԴΨһǻˣӦѼһЩйϵ鱨ͳϫĿˡ
һߣһ˼⣬̼ҵӵܶԣȱľǽͶãǽϵĻԭ

ѧԺнֹѽ룬ȻڵӻȴʲôԼ
˵ϫûס׿Լ޿ڱо͸Ҳûʲô
ԣϫһ·ͨشСһ뵽ѧԺС
ϫʦ֣
ϫʦ֣ѽ񿥵Сһϫʦ㻿ô
һֻޣϫʦֹȻ
һ·ϣٵӿϫǷ׷ʺãߵСһʱȻԶĵؿһ
ϧȴƵƵۣӢСʵͲסϫǵѧԺЩѧǷǳû棬һȺļһ
׵ıԹϫȴֻЦţл㱼ƻصӡ
ˣľ䡭أϫ͵ʲôͻȻʵ
ȻںڰʥԨУοҺò붯̤֣ŴǺڰʥԨıϣͽС
Ц˵
ϫ˵ڰʥԨ֣ڷɽ֮ǰӦԼЩͬ飬һǰɽС
ֻȴû˵ǺڰʥԨ־ɽεˣҲǣҲ޼ƿʩ
ףǺڰʥԨϫɻ˳


1289 
˵ʱϫǴǵִ｣®ǰ
һƺɰ򰣬涣ڣһ໹һȪϪˮʣȶ˵
ϫûн붴ƺǰһʯǰ㣬һóһѸþߺƿƿ޹޵Ĳϡ
ȻβǴڣ֮д̵㣬ʱϫ˼óˡ
֮⣬ϫ׼һЩ⺱͸ζɹ
һУϫλòʩչյʦ㿪ʼ⿽ѧԺĵһٷʢζˡ
סͰ׿һֵ̱ĳİ۰ͰڳϫԱߣһζģ
˵ǺڰʥԨ
ϫһ߷ɿشʳģһס

׷ɿ
˵̫ʱ֮ǰѣݻ˼硢ڤɽ硣
磬Ī磬С磬Ǵ磬С磬ʵǺƬܻɡ
򵥵˵Ǻͺһżгһȴ飬˼硢ڤ硢ɽƬԼ򡢷СƬ
ͬҲǺƬֻ粻ͬǣΨкУ˺ʱڵ籾Դ֮
֪ɽӵǧŰޣ֪Ľ⣬ɽʱУֲտռ䡢Լδ֪
ӴʱС
ԵĺڰʥԨǺУһС硣
ں籾Դ֮ͬ磬Կƺɽ緶ΧУǴӺɽ磬Ǵɽǰǡȴƺ֮۵ıϣ
˽Щϫ˵̤ʥǱ谭ǵִɽģ
ʱտ㣬˴ѵķ
۾ǱյĽ͵㣬ѵ̿ˮŵͷǱֻа벽εĴڲƿȻ̤ɱѰ벽Ҫء
벽
ϫһ𣬰ֲõ̫սʱ̤ʥӱ죬Ϊϣԭһ벽Ĵڡ
ƲĻʦˣǾһڣ

ɽ֪ģĴ֮䡢δ롢ĴֻǱ֪ģɽожڣ˭Ҳ޷һ׼ȷ𰸡
ǰϫҲɣϹߴҡѧԺѧԺУҲȻ򣬵ֻƲ⣬Ҳȷˡ
ϾȲεĴڣʵ̫ңԶԳϫ֮ݣ޷ȲεϢ
ϴйаɥ̫ϽһλеϢ̫֣֮ͨűϫ֪ġ
ȻӹɵǣߵͳУȻڣұȻֹһˡ
ֻϫû뵽ǣǺУ̤ʥʦ𣬾ҲпһλڣЩˡ
Ǻʲôطϫ̲סʵ
ָָϵĿ㣬̿ˮ쿾ˣϽҳһЩٸ˵
ҲҪԡŶƤеˮһء
ء׿Ҳʾǿܣ־ڱصá
ϫûһۣͿĨһЩϣŰȡ
ৣৣৣ
ɲ֮䣬ӰϫǿտҲ
ס׿СһѾʼ̽Եϼ磬ֺ
ϫʼ磬̧ӲӰקһ㣬û취⺩һʵ̫ˡ
Сǽгп˶Էܺ˱
СǺɻƳһۣͱʳҲ˲˼ֱӿ
ˣϫ΢΢һЦȥ׼ȡ
˭
׳꿾㣬ĨĨ죬ŰĿ⿴һԵСǣΪ죬ȻղֻųˣûСǵĴڣ
Ͱ׿ҲͬһȻ飬һޡ
ǳԻζʱר־ġ
Сǡ
ϫڰǽһ¡
ԶˣΪİѾǰ̽˶İƸСǵԴСֻ̧Ƴ˰һۣͼͷͷˡ
ˣˣЦͣеǰܸʶ㡣
׿Ҳವһ£ɵСǱϣسСǲϵѩëȻڳһ̬ԼСǺë
׼ˣס˸ֹۣɻһûûεĳԻ
˵ȴǴҡСǱϣϥһоǱڰ׿ϻס޲ѡ
һУСǶδӦŽýƺϱһҴȥĿקģ׺Ͱ׿һСУҲСƨɺϹתƣЦֹĲֺ
ϫЩ죬֪СƢǺܰԵģԼҲɵ⣬СǶԼӽ
һκǼ棬ȴܹܿһЩСǵ顣
벻ͨ벻ͨϫǺֵüһĻġ
ܿ죬ϫһζ⿣ܼʮȣաԡըhζУɫζȫ
ޱȵζɽ޵Ŀź죬Ѳѡ
Ȼ󡭡
СԻչһҵɨжԺȣƣϫ岻ӣɼԻж¡
ֱյ蹦вȶɨһգŶһıá
ϫְ׼һЩ߹ģż֮ǰĻ⡣
׳Ա㣬ãشҲʹ졣
˵ǺУźĹŷ磬̾ʱĵͳ
Щͳֱɵͳ
ʵ˵ǵͳʵɢҲûʲôΪЩɵͳУʵ̫ϡ٣еֻһҲʮеĵͳֻһˡ
硢̤ʥڵĵͳںɵͳ֮һΪһԪڡںʱڣҲǺպĹɴɣҲֻʦͽˡ
ɵͳٹ٣һȴ޲ǿ֮ڣǱ£ֱˡ
ףʵɵͳɽŮ洵̫ϽһںʱھǺպĴͳʱԣʥͳܹϡպֵĵͳ޲Ǻİڡ
ȷ±ǨټʷϷĽѣЩɵͳԶԶߵͳƴ
˽һУϫвƼȻʵĸоҲ˸Ϊȫ֪
˴ǰʵҲһҪ㡣
ͻȻɫ棬ڵ뿪ڰʥԨǰ̤ԣǺʥżŹй㸸׳Ϣ
ϫкݺһʧʲô


1290 ҿ

ҲֲֻŻĳϫʧ̬Ϊĸףһɳδˡ
ʱϫҲֻǴӾŻƽ»֪ͥ׳ʥеðżķǱɽ뵽ɽ֮С
ʱδ׳Ϣֱ
ЩУҲʱ𣬸׳ɽΪɽ֮󣬾δŹйһ˿Ϣ
Ҳʱǣĸ׳һҪĸѩ뵽С
ȴ׳ǳصĺУԳϫԣֱ쳹һףʧأ⣬ǼȻӵ˼¡
ǵģû뵽׳뵽ɽ磬뵽صĺУ
Ҫȥʲô
ʶʱϫʱ˲٣Լо׳˾٣ֻҲڳıЩʲôһеĿģȻӪĸѩйء
ֲԺ͡߾ȹûʲô֪ƾһ֮޷Ʒʱѡһַʽǰ׳Լ
֮Ʋ⣬ԭܼ򵥣ΪϫԼҲͬ飬͸׳Ψһͬڣѡ˵ѧԺΪ׳֮أ׳Ŀ˺С
ϫһԼ׻ָ侲ȻٴһҪ⡪
ȻҪͱƿֻа벽βܴƵϣô׳νеģѵΪ벽ˣ
ڴˣü˼ãҲûһ𰸣ΪҲֻǴ̤ʥõϢԵȴҲһ֪
óϫЩʧҲԼԼ׳ֻ̤ʥҲ޷Լһˡ
ԭܼ򵥣̤ʥҲֻżйظ׳Ϣѣ֪ԭ϶ףҲ᲻Լˡ
ҪˣĺУѾ˶ס
һﾪˣһŵϢ
óϫһϸѯԵɡ
̤ʦ˵ҳʼ֮أǺɣ񣬺УֻƵ籾Դ֮Ҳʼ˱ĺۼ꣬ǧ꣬Ƭͻȫ֮䣬ײڡ
˵еͳʼѰԾ֮ƣĿⶼɽ֮С
֮ΪڷⳡʣδЩˡĺɵͳˣؽ׷ӿɽ֮УӰ쵽ɽĸֱ仯
Ͼ˵ЩɵͳĴϡ٣ʵһǿ֮Ŀֲڣһӿɽ磬עɽִ
ɽ磬֪ڣŲλѣǺɵͳУɲֹһλڡ
ң

ɵͳѰԾȣĿѡɽУ
һ˲ѣϫͱϢ𺳡
Ҫ֪ܹӴ˲֪ٳؽѣǼϯеĶʱƬȴԱ棬дҲѿһε綯ƻǰδУʷǰ
ԺԼеʱֻˡ֮ǰʥݽ棬ħϣ˭Ҳ޷ˣֻԽǿܴٵһ˿
ϫҲŹʷؽѣĽѣڰǰħ֮١
ֲĺƽǰ˭Ҳ޷⣬˭Ҫ٣ΨԽǿһܹҴ
ǿģѱûڹʷУڡ
Ȼ٣ƵΪβһǰɽ磿ϫ͵ʶһ⣬šüʵ
ȴЦ㲻ǣҪ׸ҲҪʱģο˴δұҲŲٻԵֹЩɵͳɽһЩѰ˼ǺеĻԵϡ
Ե
Ǳϵһ磬кɵͳеĵͳѸ𣬿ȴԵ֮أпвٻԵڶĲѡ
ԭˡ
ϫ׹ν⸣֮УұЩ˶ѣЩ˿ȴζŸֻˣ

ܵ˵ܹס׿СһؾۣԳϫһֵø˵顣
ǣ֪Լ׳һЩϢ
ںĴңϫ̫ңԶΪΣҲ޷ȥıʲô档
𣬳ϫָƽȴʵޱȣ˷Ѱʱ䡣
ϴڻɾдأֹֻƿпݣйһͨѹô򵥣ʶˣԺУƾǴڵΪͲٵŲࡣ
Ǵؼ¼λͨʯǰĴڡ
Ǻꡤ裬ԨҶȣֻ»󣬲ϫǲʲôŸո̤ԺѣΪҲŴڶѣֻҪʱ䣬ҪӵĲҲңɼ顣
ϫŵԼ̤޺һ̣֮ͬУԼߣҲֻɽƺŵĴˡ
ȻڴڣǱδھʱڴΪʱͲⷨ
Ĵ£Сסǳʮ֣˰١ࡢ컯ɡȵȴ壬ԶδΪ
յĴУ֮⣬ǿռƵĲҲŴ򵽵һΡռ񶯡׶Ρ
һ˵̺ĺڰֺ壬ԼеĴ̫ƣҲͬҪʱȥ
⡢򡢴޷򡭡ÿһϫҪѴʱȥ󷽲ܹΪԼƿء
֮ʱУнҪ飬ϫʱȫС
ס׿СǣɽˣҲį
֪ϴڻɾдأѾȥһ£ǳѾȥʱ䡣

ˡ
һ죬ǳһ󲨶ɢܡ
ֱɫϥĳϫȻ۾֮䣬˸ǳתֳһɺ嫵
ܣֳһΪĵĻ档
һ磬¡
һҹޱߡ
߻ַͷųһɺ󡢻Իͣ䡢ƣǳ綼ȾΪڡ׶ɫ
ڰ޹档
޺ڰ
ִ壬ศɣմأȻӰ飬ҡҷ˹ΣӰ
񣬳ϫǴУֺﵽ򣬳Ϊˣ


1291 ҶƵĵ
һϫƽ̯ƣһƹʥࡢԻ͡ҫۣһůĺô
һһɽֶĵһƹ֡
͡
һ̣ɽܣطһڣƱһһ㣬澹һ˿Ҫڻĺۼ
ڣ˲棬ھ֣
ϫ˼ǹеĿɲɱааޱȡ
һһƹʧһĨڰȡ
ԶԶȥһĨڰҹĻвüһֲκʵĺڣܰ˵궼Уޱߣڰ޶ɣıļ¸о
ɽһĨڰ֮УɲǣӵƷεɽԱ˽һ㣬һƷף
ڰ֣Ӷ
ϫһɽãҲǷһĨĻȡ
ǳµʱ䣬˴Ϊһֱڲڰֺ񳹵ֳִ֮Ҳǲδʧ
ͰһһΪ֮Ϊ̫׼ΨһЩźǣ޺ڣȴŲС롭
һ뵽ԼΪ磬ϫü
ϴڣһ׽ڣһ޺ڵĽԻ˲١
ϫҲԼǰŽ޾Ǵڣٶ㹻ˣҪͻƣлԵʱֻҲƹؽ
Ҳ֪λ﾿ţ˿϶һ֮ȻԽ޺ˡ
Īأϫһɲ¥λŮӣȻҲеһͼƬ
ˣΣһ֮ڻΪʱ磬ǳչأȴֵʱ⣬Ǽϣ޺ڵġ
ϫ˼Ƭ̣ͽЩ֮Ժ󣬳չһ뿪ǳ硣
ǳʱУ˵δͻƣʵȴ˺ڰֺ֮սҲˮǴߣһΡ
ô˻ᣬϫǰɾһˣ´أԲԼս˶١
뿪®ͱһս
ţ
ϫȻ̧ͷͿɽϿգӰڶս⵶ݺᣬ˷Ʊսޱȣ񷻯ôս
һ˰ʤѩӢᣬֳһɽͶ֮䣬ƿգܰ˷ɱ顣
˺Ȼף
СһΪֻӵд޺ڲΣԼ𽣵ƿҲɲˣӵдڵơ
ϫһУһĨȻ֮ɫȻû뵽ôȥ׵ʵΡ
׵Ķ֣һ꣬Ũܳ磬ŨüۣӰýֳһ߳ɫɵⱼš
Ǵ˾Ͷ֮䣬Īչֳһɺɨ˻ģ̤ϵ֮ˣ֮˭İǵƣϫҲһݣԲ֮ˣ֮һȣһεĴڡ
˭
ϫüȴǿɽҲŲӰڹսкȻҶӰ
ͬʱҶҲǿ˳ϫƾһϫߣнЦϫʦĪҪģҶʦ֣ϲ̲סд
һУͳϫ䵱ھӵҶҲ֪ס׿ĴڣϫСһ
ԭˡ
ϫ˵ͷаһĿ˰УԭλҶʦôʵȻ˵ãλɽеĴڡ
ԨҶƣ
֪˵ٱˣҲ緽λеڶպգ졣
Ժ˰ٴ޽ɾУһķ
ҶҲǸпǰҶʦ̤޾֮۷壬ͷ֮ɽ˲֪˲
˵⣬һתҲΪ˵ãܺҶʦһд裬ɲѰܹ쵽ġ
УǴһĨȻҲû뵽ֻߵСһһս״̬ᱬ˿ɲսˡ
ϫ΢΢һЦױֳǿսγҲˣ
ߣˣһһֱ֣ʵڲʹ졣
֮ϣһߣƾһ뿪ս֡
εȷңվǱ֮أս֮ҸᣬѰһսٽҲУʱȻ˾н
ҶֽԼ߳ڼϣЦŨܳˬʣһѻķȡ
˵ʱӰѽɽϡ
ҵĽУɲдõģ㡣
û˶ԷһۣȻ󿴼ϫʱӰһ»ָߵģһԾ˳ϫϣϫϽסӣʶʶҴ򣬶Ҳ㲻ǲ
ԣڳٹսԺӶСһҲ̫󣬾ȻҶʦǷӣ
ڴˣҶһЦԵú˳ϫһ΢΢һЦ¶һѩݣǳϫʦˣ˵֡
Ҷʦ֡
ϫ˹֣ܹܵԷһ绰С˵㣬ľ˸
СһﲻҶһֻɳˣ
ҶƴƵسգգ۾һģһЦȻΪϲ
ϫȻʼҵͬףɳ衣
Ҷ˼ؿ˳ϫһۣЦȳϫʦܽ޺ڣҲһȸˣϫʦԺʲô飬Ҿˡ
˵գȻתȥԶԶأǺЦ
ֻȸߡ
δսϡ
ڤ
һЦ
Ʈ֮䡣
Ҷʦԣʵͨ͸ѣӡϫֻҶһ棬ȴһӾϲ϶Էǲѵˡ
ǰҶʦԣ˿ԲԲ׷󣬵ȴԲɡҶҲΪȻɫҲǶҶһ˿ζ
ϫ˼ÿ˶ÿ˵ĵ;ҪߣҶƵĵ֮޾֮
ϫǱҶתǻɾȥ
ϫҲҶơ
·ϣͻȻڣɫսʱƴȫɶԷȴ˲𡣡
ϫͷҲҶʦֿɽ֮һԺ޾һ
أܷܶԷ׻һתʵ
ϫһγĬã˵ڻв磬Ժɲһˡ˵忡ϣҲӿһĨ֮ɫ
ӦԸ
ҲԷƱ


1292 ƹ֮·
ɾ
ǳϫѼ죬ΧͶĲĿ⣬ϫֱӽ뵽С
ϫһȻˣ
ҼǵþϴδأֻȥһµʱɣǰΪʲôòҪһ¼¼ɣ
ܣҸղŷע⵽ΪǴڣοŹȥһʱ䣬սĿô졣
ҿϫǰѻɾ֮أֻΪսԼޣĥºԼʵ
ƽ̨ϣһڵ۷׷ףɲ
ϾÿһνɾɶҪһٰʮֵϫ˾٣ֱ̫ˣҲ̫˷ѽˣѵֵѶĻ
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ھ
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֮һδسɼϫֹǰʮϢͨʯϵΣҲһӵʮԾӵ˵ھ
ھζʲô
ζųϫÿ½ֵĽλеʮʱ˶ֵ
һˣǳϫÿ¾һУһôȥÿδʱɵһٰʮֵÿõֵʣ롣
һòڻɾص׬ȡֵ;ɣ˾㵿ڡ
Ҳʵܰ쵽Ϊͨʯϵô׸ϳģ˲ΪȻ
ΣϫһսԽԽ̬ˣڶЩɣö೤ʱܹǰ֮УʦҶʦˡ
˾̾˸ͬ
ǰһʱ䣬ϫˢһ¼ٸһЩʱ䣬ܲϣϴƼ¼

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ȻԽԽãΪÿƿһ֣ʹŶɽ֪һһƿҲõӶսҲ˼á
ͬ޽ɣϫյķ֮࣬ǵжִǵһһǿ
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͵˶ڴĸ³ϫܹٴѼʱȴֳϫδ֣ò˶Ϊʧ
ϾѧԺв˿ɶδĿùϫĴƼ¼жԭϣҪĿһ󣬳ϫȴδ֣Ȼź
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ǶЩλ緽ǰʮͨʯϵθ߾ӳϫ֮ϵĵӶԣϫַˢ¼¼жõҲ˲СѹΨԼһһˡ

ֵ÷зǷ꣬ϫԴȴһ֪´֮ͿʼչأΪ޺׼
Ϊܼ򵥣ԣֻȥʱ䣬ȴѾǳһࡣ
ʱУǽյĴ壬˸ַ֮ҪٴҪѸַںϣΪͬĴˡ
ƿɲǰףأҺķʱ̫ʱڸղʲôЧ
³ϫ죬ǰҲһûʲôݾѡ
׼չس޺ڣҲ׼ġ
Ϊ¸մӻɾзʱԼķ֮ԭĲ硣
ʱϫһɲǣͷܵԷΪһԾ˴޺ڣϢΪǿԨֱǰˡ
˵֮ܽջĳطУͲܲɷ֣ԳǾӹΰ
óϫпԭΪԼսѾ㹻ˣһȣʲôˡ
ֹˣϫɣǷɡȣҲȻˡ
ҲǴ𣬳ϫſʼչأΪ޺׼
һУͬͲֲϵΪ˿̵Ĳ磬ѷɱȣֲ̫һʮ֮õĲľǱȡ
Ĳ磬˵СȴٲȻͬһĲľڲԴ䣬ȻÿһƬҶУޱȵƣӨӨԹԡ
÷ڣܹµ֮УһϢóϫʱʱ̿ܵ档
ټǳǱĴΪΪȹ̶ʵһмͳΪ޺ڵһ
һϫԲڵĸȥɾأ޺ʱٴȥصĻͲֹһˢһ¼ôˡ

ǳУϫպϣɫϥһɾ͡Զζһǿ֮µo
ڣεĲ粻£Ƶ֮¡¡ӿϺˢڻ£֮ϴ仯ѭ
޺ڣ֮
ִ˾磬ҲζŴԲԲ˴˺Ӧһ壬ٲֱ˴ˡ
ֲΣǷԵġ켴ңؼңҼء
һʥ֮ҡķ룬ʼ̽Ѱʥ֮Ҳʥ֮
ʱڴ֮żĳϫȫ׼֮ǿʼҪһżƾ룡


1293 Ժ۵
ʱˮţλƣϫչƾѹȥʱ䣬ǳУȥ˽һʱ䡣
ʱУϫһܣϽ֮δͣЪʱ䡣
ִ£Ǿ磬Ѵﵽһ۷ڵ״̬
ú쳹׵޲ӯźĵϢ
ÿһëУ򲻶½ɫԣͻҫۣԶԶһԡʢУƬǿա
ƣΪϫ޵ʵ̫磬Ҫƾ߲ΣҪҲΪӴ󣬷ҲԺ޺һ̱ˡ
ƣΪ˵ȴĳһһϣһ̤һżȫµľУ
ΪһУϫѾķһ£޾ǿĿһĻǱɵɡ
ϾΪƾ֮ã״Ǻ֮ҲӲ֤ϫ޵Ǻε֮ӴԶѰɱȡ
ΪҪǣϫƵḶֱ́ڳš

ڳϫչʱУѧԺҲǷ顣
һ̤緽ǰʮѧԺһʱΪѧԺԺзͷһӡ
ͼ˫˫ˢ»ɾͨؼ¼ǰλе壬λе֮µĵǳϫ
֮һԺ˲һʱ䣬ˢǻɾʮ߲ʮ֮ͨؼ¼һĻҲѧԺĪ䶯ϰϹŶ治ѡ
Ҳ˲²⣬ǷǰأҲˢһͨؼ¼ʼգȴδ̤ǻɾһ²Ҳһţ޷֤ʵ
Щ֮⣬һϢΪѧԺΪעĻ⣬ǾǡԺ۵ᡱ
˼壬ɽߴѧԺ֮չ۵дʢᡣ
ҲһĴͳߴѧԺÿһ¾ͻٿһΣߴѧԺٰ죬ÿһβ۵ĵӣĪѧԺĴ޾ڡ
ٿ۵ᣬĿֻһǾǲһӵʵǿӶ𵽼Ŭеá
ÿһ조Ժ۵ᡱľٰ죬ִͳζҲˣߴѧԺ֮һµĽǶ
ÿһ۵ĽӰ쵽ߴѧԺΪɽǧŰ֪
һԺ۵ᣬֵ˵ѧԺٰ졣
첻ͬǣһԺ۵ϣпܱ֮ս
Ϊ˵ǳڳѧԺ֮һԨҲ뵽һεԺ۵С
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Ϊ˽ֵǣ򽣿ջһѵһĴڣд˵ĽΪ֮
˵뵽һԺ۵УԶܹ֮дģҲȻǽС
֪ߴѧԺУҲֻеѧԺ衢Ҷͬǽաľ٣δߴѧԺκһУ޷
ΨԯȽرͨ˽ѧԺȻֻѧԺв£ȥѧݣԯУԭҲܸ𰸡
֮ԯ֮ʱ뿪ѧԺ֮ˣͬҲܲ
򵥵˵һԺ۵ϣôĶֱȻҶеһ
ǽ֮ĶԾȻΪһԺ۵һΪĿͷ
֮⣬˴ѧԺǰѧԺһҪǾǴӵѧԺԺӳϫУҪԭѧԺ
񳤿ѧԺƺ«ѧԺĺӡѧԺඵơ
£Ҳ˵ѧԺһʦ飬֪ԭϴεսԺʱϫһﾹɳ⺷飬ǿ˼ԺرֱԵࡣ
֮һڵѧԺٰġԺ۵ᡱ춼̫һ̫ڴĵط
һʢỹδʼйϢ˳һ㣬ɵɽÿһ䣬ΪֵܿܿĻ⡣
ȻҲ˷߷׷׳ɳǸϣڵһʱйһʢϢ
ϾߴѧԺ۵ʢᣬһ޾ˮ׼棬˭Ҳ޷ˡ

ѧԺԺ
һéݣһȪһɡ
ԺԺǱ֮أ޽һͰѰɽ֮ϣͨЩᡣ
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ʱé֮ǰϯضԱߣҲ˲̬ڵϣȻԺϯϰ®̩䡣
ѾȷѧԺķϹֱȻǰġ
®Ƭ̣ڵ˵Ժ۵֮˴дʢᣬζЩһˡ
ȻЦ⻹ϹЩϲһֱǵѧԺôһСһҪǵѧԺÿء
®̾Ϣô˵ȷǸ˲ˣѧԺе룬δ飬ֻҲϲһʢᣬܹߣɾֻʣҶˡ
˵⣬ԥһ£˵϶ԣҸоҶƻԲһ˿Ͼ֮߳ʱҶƲŸոս֮ôȥ˵ҶѾ߱ȼͣɵվЩ簡
꣬õɨ®һۣҿҶƾͱǼһ
®Ц֪ϼһƢ壬ạ̊́ûʲô壬תƻ⣬չأԺ۵ϣÿѧԺɳӲ۵Ϊθɳӣ
һΣüãŻֵҶơҶɡˡ
ԣ®ʱסҶƳսǺʣ˿ɾͳԤˣҶΪ˾нƽ͵ЩԴԺδκһսд裬ȴҪ
˵ҶĹŵӣԸɸʺ۵д谡
˵ˣȫǸ̤Ժ˵Ժʣɱ֮ԺЩ㡣
ȴЩ˴ѧԺԺ۵ᣬδЩϷˡ
ΪҪĻһ㣬®֮ǰû˵ʱҲ˲ôˣֱӵ֣ѧԺֱӵҪóϫ뵽۵еġ


1294 ̫
ϫ
üõѧԺҪϫ룬Ǿ͵ҲδԼ̫ˡ
®һЦεɼµӲ۵վЩʰɣһ۵ʧɻӰ쵽ѧԺġ
б˶ԷһۣݵһĨ֮ɫЦҾѧԺһǾɳˣҲѹһͷ
®΢΢һһû뵽Ϲﾹһ̣ɹĻȷܺݺݴһѧԺ档
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վ̫ð˰
һʧܣԵѧԺԣͬСĳʱɲɳ˻Ͻ
Σϫս
ͻȻһֱĬ̧̩Ƥ̿ڡ
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ȻҲǼΪ̩
̩ûֱش𣬶˵һ£ѧԺб˵ЩɫɲѷɫǳѧԺ
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һöǳϫԵɺ֮ĿùģڼɽԼаɱľ
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®ɫҲǱϾἰ̫Ͻ̣һЩеѪȴţΪһ仰ǡ̫飬顱
ͳԼΪغߣɶ®ЩϹŶԣȴǺ̫Ͻ̴Ӻ֮У֪˶ֻ
̫Ͻ̷С顱֮Ϊ飬Ҫ֤ۣ֮ն飬ΪΪţ˲ƿΪá
飬޼ɵ޼ɣΪƿͳϽ磬̫ϽУ֪˶Ѫȷ磬ʷؽѱ󣬼Ѱٵ̫Ͻ̵ټ
ֱ̫ϽȴУҵλߣܹɽŮ洵ͳ⣬ԭڣͳҲǿɲ֮鲼֮УѰܹͲġ
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®һɲǣ綯ٵʱ̫ϽѵҪˣ
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ԭҲȻԺİţ⡣
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ʱƣɽ˷ɳӿԽԽ࣬ޱȡ
ڵѧԺڣйԺ۵Ļ⣬ҲеӺͽϰߵĻ⡣
Ƕ˴˴ѧԺɳҶơϫɡ˲뵽Ժ۵УйҶ˵ۣҲңٲȻΪѧԺĿӡ
Ҷʦ֮⣬ô˶½ԺĵӣǲԺ۵һʧ˸ô죿
Ȼ˶ְűɡ
ߣϹģѧԺϹŶȻ˰ţҲǼΪ϶ҶʦǱز۵ˡ
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ҺڴҶʦֺ֮䷢Ծǿǽ֮棬Ȼһ֮սˣ
˶Դ˴۵ڴ
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ͬʱϫȴһк֪飬ǳбչأŬƣȫƾ֮С


1295 Դ
Ҳ֪˶á
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һ˿ͻأǳչسؿʼֱȺ˽£Ҳ֮á
ڵĻɽͬȼŽӲӵʥ棬ԣǳΪǳ貵һ̫
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һǰҽ̺ӿ֮һ缡һһǺһѨϡȫȾɳ֮ɫ罽һ貵Ľ
һ˺ƴ˿ֲǻһ𣬾һͷͷŭڳϫڱڡ
ϫɫҲһ̱Ͼޱȣ罣ü֮䣬һƬη;֮ǡ
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ЩҶ֪ٴˣÿһζ޹Ժ۵޵ȽҲҲЩˡ
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ڴʱǽ®УشϫһӻƵ۵ĳϫƮȻӶ˳
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ҶϲҲ˲׶ĵ٩ϫֵȻûз֣ǰ֮ϫϢͬ
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ѹܲô࣬˵ʱǰǳ磬Ѿˡ
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ʲôСӵĸδ̫ˣǴԴ֣СǵȻ򶨵飬˿Ҳסʧ


1296 ϫȥĶ
С˾ȣϫʱףǴԴȻͬѰˣҲǣӺͼƬӿѰ֮ˡ
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֪ʥ֣֮һʥɣһǺʥɣڣǰƾԴ֤֮ʥߣֻǴΪʥ֮·
ʥɣǴеĿ̫ʥĴڣɽժǶ££ޱߣ
ʥɣֱαʥƿصԺĵ;֮·޷ʥᲢ۵ġ
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˵Ӵ޾ͨʥɾĵ;ϣΪǷմԴ֮ȫͬľء
ΪԴϡȱԵʣɽ֮УųɵʥɾڣԶǺʥɡ
֤ʥɵģĪеĶУϹߴңߴѧԺȵȡ
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·ϣҶƵӰƾն֣ϫ˸кʹЦųգգ۾һģ
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ϫӣЦҶʦƺҺŰ
ҶһڳϫϣЦǵȻҶƵʦܣȻ㣡
ϫȻû뵽ҶƾһɣҶ⻰ȴоŽʦֵܣԼһ㡣
̸֮䣬ݵԺǽǰ˴εԺ۵ᣬͽݵԺչ


1297 
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ϫҶƸһִݵһ˾ǵԵޱȡ
ϫĿһɨֽݵԺĲһǲλãһĶΧĺƴ̨
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ʱ򣬷ɡҲǷԴ®ȡһö˽һ۵ϵĹء
ܼ򵥣Ҫסǰ۵֮ҪץʱָΪ۵һʼǲٸκ˳Ļָʱġ
ϫǶ˽۵أ®һ䡣
ϫԣԶͷ
Ҳؽţ۵ϣҵѧԺӵĪѹѧԺһͷЩӣʱپãҲԶԶܻǶˣϾʱɲܺһӵ͡
®΢΢һЦԴǼ͸ޱš
Ȼ仰Ǵ˵ϫģϾ֮ͥ£ѧԺԵõѧԺ̫ˡ

һԽٿȻ쳹ȫʱ֮䣬ݵʱѹƣȫðѻȸ
߰ɣȥѧԺĵʶһ£Ϳʼǩ۵
ˣ®һӣųϫˣٿȻ뿪֮ϣ̨֮ϡ
ͬʱһϣҲһΰӰڿգǺ®ͬһʱ䣬ִ̨ϡ
ЩӰȻᰡ紨ġšѧԺĴӽϰѧ
®֣֪˴ǵѧԺ׼Щʲôͷ˵ҵȿ۽磿
ϫڳϫһ㣬һɳƴЦһ䣬ߴΰͷѩףһϮɫ۵ߴ󲽶
󷽣ӡ
ǷϹ֣ѧԺһλϯϰּߣΪԵǺԺԺͬһֵĴڡ
ϫϣĴŻȻһ˽ԳѧԺ
ϫע⵽һĿٿȻɨӶԼ쬹ιҶϡ
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ͼĿһ꣬üĺ£һͷڷһ˿¶һŰݡ
һɽѪ콣˫ۻǰһһâ㣬ͷųɲĽ⣬Եɱ֮
Ԩ
üܣϫһжϳԷȻλɽ֮һɡ
ΪϵƣԶѰɱͱˣǡһǧı䲻ȴһ˵ɭ֮⡣
ҶƲͬȴʤͬһĴڡ
ԱѧԺӣۼƶǱ֮в硣
ͬʱϫҲע⵽ҶһȻĿ˴˶ţǲһĨЦݣޱȡ
һ̣һԵϢǶۣ֮꣬δ֣Ǳ˴˵ȴڴ˿Ħ棡


1298 
Ԩ
ԨҶơ
λɽ繫ϵĽڴ˿ʱǣ˱˴仯ȴøнԶĪһļ¡
ֱ仯ϫɫȴƽʣΪ۷ǿ֮棬ѽ޺ڵԣɽڰ㣬Ӱ첻˿
ͷǺǣλĿԴȻôʧˡ
ڴʱ®Цڣϣ𵴰˷֮УҲǽҶƺ˴˽ɢ
ˣƤһĿ⣬һʣɢһɱͱ˵Ҳʧƽһˮ
Ϣģշ磡
ϫв죬ɽ֮һǶƿУܿʵкεǿ
ͬʱҶҲȻһЦһƺ«ͷںںڳ
®ּȻ˵ҵȿǺڴǷϹ΢΢һƳϫˣЦһ͵ϸһĨζ֮ɫ
Ҳڴ®ЦЦ
ʱѧԺĽϰѧҲ˹
®ںЦѧԺĽϰѣѧԺĵ֮䣬Ҳ໥ţĿж֮⡣
ϫ㿴ѧԺĵӹȻһȫǵѧԺ˵жĿ꣬ǵĿⶼ޲дϡơ֡
һԣЦϫ
ϫ˵ͷͬҲע⵽һĻûĿ˽ˡ
ʱͻȻһ𣺡ߣ۵Ǻ첻һѧԺͬǣǿҪСһЩ
ʮĻ˽Զ΢΢һ˳ȥͿǿѧԺӪУһӰȻֶ
촽԰ףϸ⣬һļµıϢ顣
ѧԺ˵Ŀ⳯ԼɭȻһЦ¶һڷѩ׵ݣ˵һΣǧˮҪŤת֣ǵѧԺĵϰһһܣÿ֮λ
һһ٣ƽ͸һ˵ϢеĶ߶ס˻ڡ
Գǧˮ꣬δԼֹ̨һϹŶ͵Ӷ̨·Ҳʱ֮䣬ȫȻ
һ˭ôĿ
ǧˮߣһ֮ˣΪ˭
ǻòͷˣȻǵƣһﻹǷᰡ
˵һ𣿡
з쳹ȫѧԺһڵӶǶŭѣȴϳݡ
̨ϣҶǽԶһδŭֻǸоЩЦ˻ǴԲѰ
֣ϵôˣϫüȴԼоһ˿׵Ϣǧˮֵ̫ƽ򶨣ơ
ǣϫע⵽ǧˮ˻ǿѧԺһڵӽԶɫ糣ƺоʲôǿѧԺӵһλϹŶҲֻЦЦȴδȥǳ⣬˵Щʲô
һϵеϸڣóϫᵽһ˿ڳζüѡ
ʶǿѧԺ֮ҶȻϵõġҡͷʶʲôüһʣҲоЩŹ֣Ժ۵ᣬɽĿѧԺȻɳһ׳սġ
˵⣬ҲʶǧˮֵĿЩ̫ͻأˡ
ϫƳһҶơɡˣҲʶЩףɫһ˿ǡ
ǧˮпǿѧԺ׼һɱˣ۵ỹûʼһȴֱӷƣδ̫ûˡ
ϫ˼ܿҡҡͷٶԷ
ͬʱ®ɨһۣ̩˵һЩüͷײһ塣
ҪСǧˮҵõϢʵӦú١
һ̣ϫҶ˶Уͬʱ®Ĵ±̫Ͻ̵ӰӣҪˡ
ԣϫ˽ԶһݣǸϢһĿѧԺӣȴӵпʵȷκ˶ݡ
ˣϫ̫Ծϫݵǣ±ǣ̫Ͻ̣
Ҫ֪Żɿʦ䣬Լа̫ϽĪϵߵͳϫĵ׶һͳ޵
ϫȴûϵԺ۵ϣ̫Ͻ̵û
ǧˮ̫Ͻ̰ڿѧԺеˣֲø˴ԲѡΣҵԸһΪˣ
ϫ΢΢ţĿһĨӿ
ڣͿʼǩɡ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣ®Ҳڣʱڳ˾һ
˴Ժ۵ᣬҪʼˣ
®һӣһͭתͲתͲڹʮ֧ǩһ֧ǩǿհ֮⣬ʮ֧ǩ棬ֱ׭ŴһʮЩ֡
ǩʱǩϵ֣λԣǶˡ
һǩĶ֣ǳʮĺǩĵӣǩӦʮǩС
ͬʱǩϵ֣ҲǴų˳򣬴һŵʮߺţʮ߳۵д衣
Ψһһ֧հǩĻͿԲòһ۵ֱӽ
ֵһǣǻͭתͲΪǩʱѧԺĵӣǲ鵽ԼѧԺΪֵġ
֮ѧԺӳǩѡĶֻ֣ѧԺĵӡ
ˡ
®һףǻͭתͲڰݣʮ֧ǩ춯ݣһ֣ܹ׸κβ̽

ǧˮǰһУʹץһǩһ̽üѣôǿհǩ
˻һȫһȻһδ̫˰ɣ
Ϊǣһ˿հǩȴȻһԸģֱ̫Ƿˣ
û취̫ˣһֻĹһΡǧˮǩϫɭȻһЦתֶȥ
ߣüΪߴˡ
ҶƹһЦļ򣺡԰ꡣ
ǧˮǩϣҲ׷ǰʼȡǩûȥᣬΪȥǩʵһûʲô˿ռ
ܿ죬ǩϡ
ϫ΢΢һǣԼǳ鵽һǩҲ˵һ۵ĵһд裬ǳʮĺǩĵ֮䡣
ᣬԳѧԺ
һ뵽ѧԺϫЦˣ϶ְսʱɱ˲ٳѧԺĻ˵ӡ
ҶơɡҲΪˣǩ˳ͬȴûϱԨ
֮ҶҪԾҪȵ۵ˡ

һ쳹죬Ժ۵ڴ˿Ļ
̨ϣɢ뿪˳ϫ֮⣬һˣ߱˴ңңţʱȫĿĿ


1299 ռ֮
֮£Ķ̨֮ϡ
ϫңңš
һ̣ȫžĿˢˢ̨֮ϣԸκϸˡ
ΪԺ۵ĵһԾҪǴ˴γֵģ£ɽ綼ĵѧԺƵӳϫ
һλɽǰĺ֮㣬û˭Һˡ
ѧԺĽϰ͵ӣΪϴսһοУϫѹȺۣɱǲ֪ٵӣɱĺˣ

̨ϣϫڴ˴εĶ֡
һ˽˶ִ󣬼Ϊ͵꣬βƮҷԺһɸͷ͸һ䡢ǿơȵơ
ϢɽһֲɺĴǡ
ˣᡣ
֮ǰϫ˽⣬ڳѧԺһеĵλԿλǰȲɽǰҫۣҲǼΪС
ȻһжԳϫԣʲô޷ľκһ˿Ĳ
Ͼǳչ£ֹ޺ڣǻ˺ͼƬ͵һɴԴ֮ʵѷ̥ǵı仯֮Ѳͬն
ڳϫͬʱҲڴ
κᴽͻȻһĨͻȣϴս飬Ӧòǰɣ
ϫ˵ͷڵɱһЩɱĻˣһЩöߵıôʲô
ɫһɱˣᱦΪѪȣ㾹Եãֱ֪ܣ
ϫЦˣλѣ˴οԺ۵Ҫ׷£˽¾ң˵ЩЩɷ羰ˡ
ϫһ˵̨ܹսĵѧԺһʦʱһôЦµ򲻴ˣ䣬ϫʦֵʱ䣡
ԣʱ䶼ô󣬿ɲϻģ
Ҳ׷׸ͳ
üɫ΢΢ЩѿһкƶȻ͸һɺɱϢ
ϫ㲻о۵ҵһ㣬ʹ͵ĻһΣҲҪ㣬ҪΪЩȥʦܱ𣡡
һȣƺݺһ̤棬˻ͷӿԣһŭֵo㣬ųϫɱ
䣡
˸һƼһֱһСرǣɲǼ仯һɳһֲ°㣬ʳɫâ֮ն鱬ըƺ֮
һĻԭᳰЦѵ˽ԶһݣЦݣɫҲǱ
мһ֣֪ûС
һչ¶ƣǿƣǿƣ͸һѪϢܣǸڵѧԺԺУҲ緽ǰʮ֮ˣ
᲻ǳϫ⣬վŸսѧԺԺҪԿЩ̲㰡
̨֮࣬ϣϹֺЦ룬ͷѡ
Ҳ˵ϫ֣ȥЩҫ̸СһҲǰŽѧԺһѣᣬڳѧԺ˽ǧ꣡
ǧµĳһȵģ
ϧû®һ仰ʱ䳤޷һǿ͵ġ

Ҫδ̫Լˡ
ڴˣϫȴǲ忡ϳһƬֱĹƿҪƽӰһ
ৣ
ϫӰƾʧһ̣ǳָ࣬Ϊһ
һо޸תɨȥ˺ѿһɲѷ죬Ժڡ
һ죬ͷͽײԣɢ̨֮ϡ
ѵֿȭҶսֱ̫᲻ʽϣֳɫ޸ٴγϫɱƥ󿪴֮䣬Ȼһɱǧɨ˻ĵơ
䣡
ϫһģɽԷ߽⣬ӰһݣٴƾʧʩչһֺϤա
տռƵԣʩչ˲֮ͬˮУɬܹʱʱ̻̿ռ֮Ϊã磬ǡ
Ͼ̨ǧĶΧɶȲεǿ߶ԣ޵ġ
ৣৣৣ
ܹսУϫͬһ翵̨̣ƵƵ˸Ʈٿȥ׽ס
£Ĺ󿪴ϣȴÿһζϫоܶڵ㣬˶ֱð亹
ϫִ򷨿Щðհ
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̽ʵͬʱҲѰһƵеĻᡣ
ҶЦžƺ«˼ڣ˵ȻôҲΪ˱ʵϾǵһ۵ڳϫʦܿһ۵չ¶âʱ򡣡
֮䣬ͽսһüɶǰ岻ѣжԳϫĵҲɢ˲١
û֣ϫѽ޺ˣͻȻ®ڣɫһ˿ڵ𾪡
ʱҲԼףԺ֮׿ָϫսԤϵһĻɣ
ʲô
ԣҶЦ֮⣬нԶһһŽڲһʱ䣬Ȼֽˣ
һʱ֮䣬Ƕ̲סԳϫʣٶȼֱ̫̬ˣ
أ̨ϫעȫȥֿȭΣ練ƣ
һ𣬾ͼ̨֮ϣϫӰش֣ǰһĳɫ޸𿪣Ϊץ͵سʺȥ
һĻ֮죬ڳ˶Ӧʶͷһ
ߣ
һ̣Ҳɫ䣬սḻΣͷ͵һݺһײӰٿȻƾʧȻʩչ˲֮㿪һ֮յĹ
ˣϫϧҲᰵһ
һĻȴɫԶֻ̡ϫץȥһ˺ֱ̽գһקһ˶Ӱ
ǺȻǸո˲ƶȥᣡ
ֻʱʺϫץסձǺ죬Ǹʹ˵ˡ
ǳϫ֣סʺ΢ҪҲǲҾΨֳϫɱġ
һĻȫԶԡ
ЩսϹŶסͣЩڳϫ˿չֳһִݿĿɲ
ڴˣϫȴûӦķʽɱ˲ֹһˣÿһζҪͼƤܣϧȴһܹɹ
ǰΪӵۣܹ֮˿ռ֮յ֪ҪԶԶͬ
£ĿܿϫĹ
أ
ϫֽᶪ̨ϣ֣ЦǸûЩʦǱǲ˽ҡ


1300 
ϫӮˣ
ǳֿȭ˶֣
һĻ̨ܹսĵѧԺӶȲһЩϰЦ̾ѡ
ʵһս̸жྫʣǿʱϫһֱȡս絶裬ʵһѺ
ʵģҪսһ̣ϫǺȻһˣ赭дʵȴ̺Ŵݿһʤ
һ̣ϫ˺գһĻֱǰԵףǿƵ˼£ǵɣעΪȴĻ䡣
ߵĻһƬ̨ϣѧԺϹŶϹֵɫȴЩһսͳʦҲǸоЩ޹⡣
Ҳ޿κ֮£ڿս֮ǰС˳ϫָͣο᣿
ߣǲңעܵĺѿ
ĻǿѧԺǧˮȻһЦϫĿУһɱ塣

쳹𵴾죬ٿ֮䣬ɢѧԺ˶ɳСһ۵ѧԺϫʤѧԺḺ
ڶ۵ѧԺϪ紨ѧԺġ
ϫ֮ٴһһŲ֮̊ϣչ˼ҵĽ

һսֲץʱָΪڶ۵׼
ϫأ®ЦڣĵϢ
ϫ˵ͷϥ֮İǰʵһսδĶ٣δóȫϢ񣬶ûʲô⡣
ʦҪҪһڣ
ԱߵҶŤͷЦŵݹһƺ«
ϫҲù˹˹˼ڣȻͣ޵ںȻǺþơ
ҶƹЦоǰλϫʦܵĺԼθڡ
ϫʦܣҹղһսƺδȫ
Ҷʵԣǰһ̨ϷսûʲôֵùעĵطǾ͸ϫ
š
ϫ˵ͷҲЦҶʦֿʲô̵ָģ
ҶȻҡͷʦʵҲǿ͸̸ʲôָ㣬ҺһɶûʲôӮİա
˻һԱߵļҲ΢΢Ȼû뵽ҶƻԳϫ֮ߡ
һҲǣϫŽѧԺ꣬Ϊһٴɾ뵽˴޺ڣȽٶȣþˡ
ڻûֵϳд裬ѵõĿϾʱ䣬ʦֵܼҲ̸޷ϵһЩĵá
ǳϫҲǸоһǳ
ÿ˶ÿ˵е;޷ȫƣȴ໥νͨһĪǡ
ϫһЩؼ⣬ҲҶ治ѣԶãоϫز¶ܹý֮ɾͲǽˣнԶ岻ѡ
Ǳ˴˶콾ľܹ֮ͬǲǿɲ׵顣
ϫȴˣҲһΪֵԺ顣
ˣ
ͻȻ̨ܱһˣ궯ѡ
һĻͬҲ˳ϫǵעǷ׷׶ĿͶԶ̨ϡ

ɽ֮һһλɵ;ϵľ
һ̣ǳչԾ˭Ҳ޷ˡ
̨ϡ
һüµ˫ۻǰֱϱһɽѪ콣ӳĵ׿Ⱥ
ôţɵĿʱȴ񿴼һԼâ
ĶһѧԺĵӣ̫УҲѧԺһλĸʢĶǿߣ㽾ʱȴԵЩ޹ˡ
ֻ˵Ŀ˿̵̫ʱδ¶κһ˿ηɵ֮ɫֳΪǿĵ־
һ̣ȫž
̨ϣһɽŵȴȻ
ϣ
̫ȶˣҲĽһɽͨףѩĿĹ⣬ͬʱҲٿȻһ䣬ɱΧնһ˺ҧĤļ
һĻΧڴ۾ϴκϸˣǶ⽣֮Ķǧѵһ
Ȼϵǣ̫еƣȴ޶ԣɱԼһڴɽδż֡
ֻǶ̫Ƭ̣㼴ĮȻڵ֪ǰ³
̫һĬƬ̲˵֪ҪôҪôǱģһĨ޷ĨӰһʵǽ֮ۡ
㻹ѡý
̧̫ͷɫͻȻüᶨ۵ᣬʦ۵ľǽʤѲںΨԸһս
˻һڳнĪһ˿Ϊ׿ᶨĽΪٶһ˿ʹˡ
˲лᣬһپơ
Ҷɫѵõһء
ϫҲǰͷ̫еͷ޷ЩȻʧɫһɼᶨĽ־ȴǼΪѵÿɹġ
ڶʱһɳ죬һһӡȥֻҪעԼĻԻ͡
Ժ۵ᣬУ޲ɽһӵܣϲѷһʣǾǽԶиԵļԼǣ
Ǳ˴֮ŸָĲ࣬ɷϣܹ˴۵ĵӣɽκһط԰ͬˡ
ɡ
ĮȻɣ絶Ĵ³֡
ৣ
̫вٶԣչжӰһѩ׽ƿգɲǼ䣬ƮëѩÿһƬѩһĨµĽ
Ļѩѹ񷣡
һ̨̣սĲٵӣܵһɳǺϮסһ¡
ܿ죬̨ܽһɳɭ֮Ҳ٣һ̨ҲԿ̫еĽǺεȲˡ
Ǵ֮
ϫһ۾жϳԷĽΪж඾Ҳһ׶Σˡ֮żڣȻжϳԷĽǿ
ʵ
̨ϣѩһȴüָΪһīɽˮ⡣
һĨɾ⡢Ľƿնȥ
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˸ɴ䣬Ⱦһ˿̻ϢһĻڳ˽Զ𺳣㲻Լ۾
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֮
ͬʱϫҶϳһ̺ڣԶ΢΢һС
νʥִַ｣֮򽣳ھ޷⣬עҪڱѹƵ״̬
ղһͳչֳ˽֮Ŀɲ֮
ţţţ
ʱ̨̫еӰܿƵһѪգȴɲǼޱȡ
֮
ЩĹ

̫ĨѪգɫᶨηٴγֽϣ


1301 
Щ飬ھԵǵǰע޷Խġ
˿̷̨ϵĶԾ̫н־ټᶨվһΣԣһ޷Խǵ
̫ɢ
̫ƽ
̫
̨ϣʱĮȻÿһ𣬱Ȼ̫еĹ
Ȼ̫һδοѪˣɫҲһδ԰ס
ڳ˶۾Ī𺳡
ʵ֮ɲ
̫־֮׿
أ
գ̫б𣬴ʱǻԡѪɫ԰͸ɢ˼Ƶ̨ϣޱȡ
̨ϣȴǳ˳ǣ¶һԷθЦݣʦ֣лˡ
˵ţþһ˿ǿ֧Ǽѵһ̨
һӰڳžû˳ЦûеֻأǶһǿߵ𾴡
ˣȴƲδܵκӰ죬ĮȻתȥ
һսʹĻ
䲻þʾףȴġ
ڳΨһ˶Դ˲ΪȻǾǧˮаЦоҲ̫һ԰ƽսȴôãֱġ

־ǧвͬȻ֮ģȴͨġ
ҶͷоƣȻ˵һĳ߳ɫһ̨ϡ
һսˣ
ҶƵӰ̨ϣֳԭЩŵգʱ±ûǵѧԺЩѧǼź
ԨҶƣ
ͬһλΪѲưڣֹڵѧԺУɽҲżߵ
˴εĶ֣Ƿ紨ѧԺһλ
һΣϫȴǲδעһսΧ죬ޱȣҲκȤ
Ϊ֪һսҶʦֱȻӮ
ҪǣĿ˸ղ̫кһսҲܴһЩ
һЩ򣬲ʲôඥĶ򣬽ֻǶҽ־;һȫ֪
ʥַ
֮򽣳ĪѹƺͳԦ
һֽϵļ߲Σϫ㽣֮ż֮ڣȴûһ֪һ
Ϊ
飬ϣһ־һֶ۷֮ϣĿ̽ѰߴǿյĴ־
ɽۣǾͷ
ǿգŴռ壬֮ģ̽Ѱǿյһ
ǽ۷壬Ǵ֮ǿգǽ֮֮ģ֮ͨΨһͨ
ǿպ嫣°ɽۣ֮ȼ磿
ǽ֮򽣳Ψ޷ȼ硣
ԺһصЩ򣬳ϫģһ̱ô͸峺޳ɫУȻһɶصʡ
ţ
®̨תĿ⣬˳ϫϣһĨʾâ
УΧ̨ϵսзƲ㣬ƺԶϫȥ޷
Сһѵͻƣ
һ̣®Ҳסһ˿ʵ۵ᶼͻƣСһﻹǸ̥
ţ®ȴɫʩչһϫ֣ŵˡ

ʱƣ۵һһУҳ̶ȸǧ˽Զ񫣬
ҶȻʵʤˡ
ɳҲֻܡ
ʱȴʤԷ
ĶһԴѧԺ꣬ɣڴѧԺвĵӣںĶԾУȴǱսڳһһȻ
Ҫ֪ƾϫĲ磬һͻƴ޺ڣƿ˻ĳطʵѧԺԺУȴһսвܣȻ˶֮
®ĿһĻҲüͷһ壬ЩϣԼԼоԼ֮ǰյϢƺô׼
ɣյϢУԺ緽ǰʮǿ߶ԿʸûУսȴҪԤǿϲֹһء
һУ®Īһ˿õԤ
ĶԾʼ֮®ɫʱоһԺ۵ᣬƺԤڵĸ״
ԭܼ򵥣ĶԿѧԺһӣѩ壬ͬһɲĽɫ
ǣһɫǱȵüܵѹƣ
ôܣ
ֹ®û뵽ڳѧԺϰѧҲû뵽һĻ
գһʱóƶ죬֮ǰ֡
ۿѧԺǱߣǴӵϹŶϰЩӽԶɫɣƺԤϵһĻ
ĪһıѾõж
®Ŀ⣬ѩ塢šǧˮѧԺһһɨһ
ǧˮѩһԿѧԺ
ԴѧԺ
ԳѧԺ
ǧˮûӹɣһԲѷɫĺݽɫ
֮ǰδǵѧԺĵӽ֣۵бȻҲ
ų䱻ʤȴϵսѩ壬ͬˣȵüܵѹơ
̫ˣ
ǧˮšѩԶ֮ǰڵĽɫԿšġѧԺУ˵ⱳָʹǲŽй¡
ڴʱһֱĳϫͻȻڣɣǱǷ̫Ͻָʹ
ԣ®һݣ˵Щʲǫ̂䶸
ǱѩһӲɳ̨ϣ
һĻڳʱһƬȻٵѧԺӺѧš
һ۵УϹŻʵҴˣȻ˿ѧԺһУ۵ϣɴδ飡
Ϊ죬۵ĵѧԺӣûһڵһֿб̭ģûУ
ৣ
®ӰһͽǼסصϣʱɫˮ
ƺأ
ήңɫ԰ֽعǶ֪϶ٸԡѪģֹңֱ˲̶Ŀ
һӣϫҶơɵɫҲкӿúֶΣ
ҡѾѾˣ뵽ԷԤǿ̫ˣҡǣ۴ˡ
϶ڣȻɳơ
ϫסԷƣһһһٵⲻ㣬ңһǸһģ
ȻһЦ컹Ҫ˵ʲôȴϫʩչط˯У̫أ뼰ʱˡ
˵ˣεԺ۵ᣬעҪŤת֣ǵѧԺһͿأ⣬ֻǸտʼˡԶǧˮĴЦ
˻һڳеѧԺӺͽϰŭ


1302 ̫Ͻͽ
һ̣ΪܣȫžһڵѧԺϰѧ㵣ţвѧ¶߿֮ɫ
ƫƫڴʱǧˮЦԴǼ䣬ڿ࣬ʱȼȫʦķŭ
˶˵ʲô
ģǷ飡
ɶʵǿɶ񣡡
Ⱥ鼤ߣƿڴ
ߣܾǰˣѲԺ۵ֻǵѧԺȡʤƣǵķȣΪɽһѧԺӵܣҲӶۣ
ڴˣǧˮȴЦɣͱˣ֮ϣŶȣһҺεģ
˻һڳһڵѧԺϰҲɫһԿѧԺСЩ̫ˣ
ǵ棬ѧԺѧֱ޷ˣ
һ̣ʧصļٲֹпܱһҡ

ڴʱ®س쳹أ۵۵ɺͳ
ɫϾüһƣһ仰ȴ콵ʥڳһƽ
˲ٶԣеŭȴơ
ʵףһжͼйأ޷ܣϾ۵ϣɴδ顣
вΪԹ֮ԳսΪ̲㣬ɳʦ㣬Ŀܷ飿
ʦѧԺҲɳԺƸְ緽ǰʮĴڣĸǿ֮Ĵڣ
⼧ΪϹŻʵҴˣվŸո̤Ժ̲㰡
Ȼֻһѧ˼ѾʧܣԲԹԼͲˡ
֮Ժ۵ᣬٷŭҲչˣ򴫳磬ǵѧԺҲǼΪ
ǧˮҲ˵䡣һߣ®ˣǿѧԺĴӽϰҲǺǳǧˮһ䡣
λӽϰһͷڷ룬ţš
ǧˮһƲҲãҳʱжǣЩʧעġ

ɧƽ۵С
һλϰƣŬָղһս˵ڶ۵ʱǷܳ׻ָ
ҶһÿһڵغȾƣϹ߳ŵһ˿ЦݲټΨʣһĨƽ֮ɫ
ׯ϶ͬҲڵ״̬
Ψϫ̨ϵһս䣬忡һƬĮȻ֮ɫ˭ҲоЩʲô
˸ղżܵıʣ̨۵ԾԵò֮ǰǰ֡
һʱ
һ۵Ļʮ˳
ֵһǣһ۵У̭صģᰡ紨ѧԺ£̭ʮӡ
ۿšġѧԺŸԱ̭һӣͬѧԺҲ̭һӡ
ֽᰡ紨ѧԺĽϰӵɫΪѿһԲɫ
ۿšġѧԺǱߣȴʦ˴̸Ц־γԱȡ
ǰҿ˴Ժ۵ϣǿšġѧԺ¶վ̫Ͻ̵Ӱˡ
ͻȻϫڣƽдһ˿ζ
®ͷüһ˿֮ɫ֮ǰҺԺ˴۵ѡʱֻעǧˮȴû뵽˴֮⣬ѧԺҲԤϵս
˶٣һΣЩˡ˵̲ס̾˿
ȷˡ
һǧˮˣȴðôǿɫƫƫأЩɫ֮ǰԺգȴ۵ϱϵĿɲս˵һбƣǲŽй¡
ııȻƵͷϣۣɾ˵ȥˡϫƽ˵

ڶ۵ܿչ
ǳǩֻһε۵Уһǧˮ
ϫ˾źǩǳ10ǩƣһλԿѧԺĵӡ
ճ˳ϫڵڶ۵һжԾ
ƣѧԺ
ϫǩһĨӿ
ܿ죬͹˲ÿЩΪڶ۵һԾͽĻս˫ȻǵѧԺҶƣѧԺ
֮Ľ棡
֪ȫʱȻ˭Ҳû뵽һܵɽĿĽԾ֮죬ڵڶ۵һݡ
˵֮бȻһ޷۵ˣ
۵Ժ۵һ棬ʱյĽΪһԺ۵Ŀף
֮սȴǰڵڶ۵ݣҲζҶƣעҪǰǿ֮λԵˡ
ǩ®üͷҲòģһҶʧܣһԺ۵ᣬǵѧԺɾΣˣ
ΪѧԺУһһǧˮһҶʧܣ˭ȥˣ
ɣ

ϫ
®޷ȷΪˣŻǡ
ΣˣҲݲȥ˼

ڶ۵һѧԺҶƶ󳤿ѧԺ
ϢڵһʱɢѧԺɳǺ䶯һƬ
ͬʱɲ¥еһУһһƣڴǰԶĿⷺâܹᴩգʮء
ǺǣʱҲҲ˴жɹֻʣһ֮ң
ͻȻ֮䣬Цģͨƽƽɵ¶һĨЦʱʶʱˣӺݶһָ£Ǭǡ
Īɣʦ塭
ʱһҴҽ뾲ңҪʲôȴǻִϣҶ֪ˣضԡ
˵ţתͷоƣͣʱǵѧԺȻѲһЩ˿ˣھ뿪ɣٲߣֻ۵ĻʱǾ߲ˡ
Īɣʦ壬ٵһȣȻ¹ڸɾ࣬㣬ؼ䣬ùǴ򶨡
űѧԺЩ϶ô
ĪɣĻ국Ƴ˶ԷһֻۣһĿ⣬ȴúֱæ֪
Īɣ̾˿ͻȻʵ죬Ѿһʱ˰ɣ
ǰţҳΪʦϥһ̵ͽڶ꣬ʦʦ߷£ˡ
깧
ӦҲ̫Ͻ£۳ɹҪ֤Լв
ĪɣĶԷ˹˵Ͼ֮䣬ɴûκ飬κζԼҪ
˵գƾ˲ƶȥڴʱһεͻأسھУĪɣֶ
ãǿߵϢ죬ȥʦĪɣǵѧԺΪ
ɲ֮䣬Īɣɫ䣬һץסߵ꣬͵˦ֽ˾ҡ


1303 Ծ
ŶȥĪɣһɲ֮绯o˫Ϲⱬת
ͬʱһΰĿֲϢҵվҷ
ʱͿռ䣬ƶһɲǴң
ĪɣûӣΪܹоѱһɿֲϢܹ꣬Ѿļޡ
Ȼˣαٶزأ
ĪɣڣħŭƣɢеΡΡذ塭ȫ˲촷ۣһгңϯ˷ơ
Ȼ̫Ͻ̵Ļ˶һ˭ȻԺ۵ҵѧԺ
һԽ𣬰Ǿп񱩵ٿȻֹƱʱոסһ㡣
Ȼһ޳ΰӰƾһϮɫ߹װһͷѩ㷢һľԺ¶һŮ߹գһ֮Ԩƽɫ档
ˣȻǳڵѧԺеĻϹŶ̫ȣ
̫ȣ
Īɣɫһ˸ôǺƥûô˵Ļƾһ˿סң㲻ɳǱ٣ȫھͶ֡
𣿡
ƽɫ̫ȴǹһĨͻȣһͻȻһ̡
˵һתͷųǻԣǡǿͻȻ٣˲Ϣ֡
̣Ǻ϶ȻѴ˱ҲˣĪɣɫٴһ䣬Ȼ¶һĨļɵ
һ̣ǰһǳһƬǿУȥѭʱããһƬ
Ѳˣ
ĪɣɫˮĿһɨգȴǷ֣Ҳκӱ֮·Ϊ̵У
ͷȻô⣬̫ϽĪǶ㣬Լ
̫ӰǿУƮȻŮϸһĨεĳŪ֮ɫ
ߣҲ
ĪɣһɫӿһĨ֮ɫһߵİš
ǿɲãֻЩ棬ϴɽͳʱǷɱˣ
̫Խʼնһ־ƿص̬
ĪɣĬƬ̣ͻȻȻЦԭˣֲǵķӦ֮죬ԭвˣϧˣ綯ѴӺʼò˶ãͽشУǡ˭Ҳӵ
̫ɫݣȻӲΣ뻹Իһʱ䣬һλڣɾҪڴˡ
̫򶨣ĪɣһӳȵףȴҲԣǷܱܿһλ
Ա̫ϵļڽ֮ɫŨ
衪
ڴʱǿشһɿֲһյΡӰǿڶԶԶһǺȻһͷ졢ϵĲ
һŵһգǿն
У
һͷ̾ǿĲĪɣһɬ̫Ϊλ򶨡

ˣ
λڵѧԺ֪µϹŶǳУĪɣΪһҲһЩ
ǡ̫Ͻ̳ͻ壿
Īɣһڡ
ͺ޹ˡ
̫˹˵һ䣬һųɫ棬Ӱһڰлһͷ޾ɫˣ˫һչبǿ֮䣬߹
֣
һ䣬쳹
һ̣ɫ棬ϯǿա
ս

Īɣʦ壬ǰһ̻˵ϵκȣûʲôҪ㡭ȴΣһ̾ұһвһǸøмأҪĽѵ
ɳǴУ㣬ԵУղһĻأļ²ѡ
ܹĪɣʦ嶼˼ɵأѵǵѧԺԺˣ
꣬ȻǱ죡
ΣվʦһȻֻʦǰһ̵ͽҲѶţˣҲ㱨⼸Ľ̵֮ˡ
һ˼ԶŵѧԺ
ϫò˶ãһģ
һĨȻ֮ɫӰһʧǴ͹С

ͬʱ
ѧԺУҶƺңңţȫĿ⡣
һ֮սλɽ繫ϵĽ֮䣬һս˭ʤ˭ɽһȻ󲨣䶯£
һ̣ϫҲΣ̨Ψִκһϸڡ
ʼɡ
̨ϣҶںڳ裬ȻһЦ¶һѩݣ
දϿŵĳ߳൶ңָ
ͣ
ָմƱ˺ѵƲҵĺϯƲ赲Ҷ֮â
һĻ̫ˣֻһ赭дľٵȴ飬׷˱ܣ̨ܵӶǰ಻ѡ
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ǵ֮ﲻ裡
֮һĻϫжʱɲ٣ϳҶڵϵ裬Ժ⡣
ϣ
һ̣һϮ£ĮȻҲڰγһֱŵһɽ
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һɽȫ¶ڿʱһɱµĽ⣬ٿȻɢƣ
彣ġ𣿡
ɽʣһֽڿգ۾һʹòſһеɽ
˽߶磬ָһˮɾ͸δκγڵطɵʱȴһհ㣬ĿĻͻͽâƳ
ǻɽ
彣ɽҲǺպն¾˲֪ٵˣȾѪͷ˪
أ
սδʼһɿֲıҶƺ֮кƵĶײƺ֮
ʦ֣ˣ
ҶͷһЦֵϣĳ߳൶ƿգǡƺƺڤһĨâնգɱȥ
ǵȵƣƼֱӣʵһһǰ鶯ζǡˣѲ
ৣ
ͬʱҲǳɽնգͬĸɾֱӣȴѻΪ棬ӯɱ֮

һ̣սһţ뽣âӳգҰϯ̨֮ϣֱɱذ޹⣡
ȲεĶԾɵನֲ̨̫ϵĽȫɢȥֻݵԺܲƻ
һ̨ܼžһƬеĿԶ̨֮ϣΨǿɲ쳹
Ҷƺλɽ繫ϵĽǿһ۷ԾֻһķʽĻ
˶ڴš


1304 ն۶ȥ
̨ϣݺᣬâӰ˸̨֮ϣһֲ˼ٶչһ۷Ծ
սϢĿתɫȴŸ֡

Ҳ𾪺Ȼ
˸̾
Ҳ˽ŶǺ

һս̫ҫۣ棬Ǵ޾ˮ׼۷ǿ֮սǧ궼ѵһ
ЩΪѴﵽ벽ϵϹŶĿһԾʱҲ̾ԼҲǿᡣ
һУϫš
ֻǾһսξž
ڵһ۵ʱĿ̫кĶԾ֮ܵԡ̡֮
ĿѺͬٴĿҶƺԾѾܹһƽȥӡ
νп֣пŵ˿̵ĳϫͨһսȶս̸ȡֻ̣һּ֪ҵһֶΡ
ҶƵĵ⡢鶯ɣͶ֮䣬ңĵߣնڤ޾пա
Ľɾ򵥡ȴһֱĵ赭дĽƣ̺һɱ£նư˻ĵǿϢ
߲ӣյĵ⾳硢ս飬ԶƾУһսԵüΪ־ãʾס

پʵսҲվĻʱ̡
ʱ
ϫһһԽüһ֣૵վǵ̲һ˿
ͬʱ®ǳ鴤һ£ɫ΢
޾֮Уսѷ֮۷Ծʱʤѷ֣һߣѧԺķϹЦ
һԵüΪͻأڳһ

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һĻȫʱȻԭµĽУҶƾԲһ
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⣬˴֮Բ뵽һԺ۵УĪܵǳѧԺвȣ
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һʱ֮䣬ٺɵĿⶼǷ׷ǳѧԺǱߣ÷Ϲɫһ
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һսҶưܣն۶ȥĪ𺳣ϢͨӴȥ֮󣬸ɳ䶯
ǵģûţ˴Ժ۵ϣ֮ᷢˡ

Σ۵վҪȥġ
һսϫϣᰡ紨ѧԺĵӼǳһ浹ƣսŰܡ
ۿšġѧԺӣȴ磬һ·ȡʤڳ㷺עԶеһԺ۵ϣѧԺӼֱ˴ҩһ㣬ֵ쳣ҫۡ
ǧˮһɽһѧԺĶ֣ɴ䣬ֱӡ
ѧԺһʦصǣڶ۵УȳɾҲʧʧܶ顣
ǵĶ֣һǴѧԺⷽһǿѧԺĺ룬֮ͬǰɡѩһǰԣû۵ϣȴս
Ҫ֪Ժ緽ϵλǰʮ֮УȴѧԺһĵӻܣ˳ڳԤϡ
ҲΪɺܣڳѧԺһʦʿһһǧɣήÿ϶д㵡Ȼʧ䡢֮ɫ
Ψ®ԴԤϣֻǵһĻǰʱɼΪζ
һΣǵѧԺǱ̫ϽƲˣڽ۵УزƣǿͳһͿ֮棡
뵽⣬®̲סĿ˳ϫ
Ҳֻгϫһ˻δܷ


1305 ϫVS
ڶ۵еڣ˰˳ԾУᰡ紨ѧԺĵӳװܱһ˽һ۵
֮ѧԺҪģǹۿѧԺӵ棬Ȼ䲻֮Ҳû취顣
۵һпʵʤʤȻʧܡ
ڵѧԺߣ״ͬΪܵĴҪᰡ紨ѧԺҪء
Ϊڶ۵ԾУɽ֮һҶưˣ˺ˣһͬҲˡ
ټڵһ۵аܱļѧԺ˴β۵Уֻʣ³ϫһˣ
Ժ۵ϣǴδ飬ԵرģԵѧԺʿҲ˳ޱȵĴ
񣬵ڶ۵ֻʣһԾѧԺĳϫͿѧԺĵƽ֣һսʧܣѧԺڴ˴۵Ҳ̭֣׺һ۵Ե
һȻҲ޷ٶ۵֮λ
ĺϾ
һ̵̨ܣһļžѧԺÿһʦ鶼ޱȣЩ޷Ĵ
ԼϾٰԺ۵ᣬǱѧԺ̭Ǽֱǡûˣ
ΨǴġšѧԺǱߣȴǻЦһƬ۴ӽϰЩ۵ĵӣԶ̬ɣϸʤߵĽ
һ۵ϣǿνü־ɨѧԺӣ۵ỹûѾڴɽһ̵ĵˡ
ϾԴƸһ̽ɨѧԺ֮ǿɴûҫ
ǺǣӽԺֻµѧԺһҶľ潫Ҫ׸ıˣ
ԭΪѧԺԺжǿԭҲˣûҶƣǼֱûϻ
ҿꡤˣҲᱻ̭֣
ʤҫʹͣЩġšѧԺĵƷʤͷ֮󣬽Զ־Ȼһָ㽭ɽĽ֮ɫ
ѧԺĴӽϰҲֻ뺬Цֹ뾡

ʱ򣬱쳹ȫ˵ڶ۵ھųԾĻ
ͬҲǵڶ۵һԾɳϫѧԺƣ

ϫҪ̫ѹ
֮ϣ®һǿ԰еĳЦŹһϫ
ǰġ
ϫ˵ͷǿգ忡һƬ֮ɫžûκε
ϫʦܣ۳ɰܣ۵ʦֵһҪһ
ҶһЦ˵
Ҷʦֵ룬ʦҸҲ
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һ̣Ҳ̲סڣһ䣬һʱһ󰵵Щ˸С
ʤֻһʱ֮;Ҳֻǲ׺һڶѡ濪ڡ
ĿžͺˣĶˣǵڶ۵ѣиྫݣɲҪ̫ˡ
ϫȻһЦԥת̨
û뵽һﾹҲῪЦˡ
һųϫǶ̨ϵıӰ֮ǰһƽݵЦеĵǺͳû˲١
ָֹоҶơɺ®Ҳ˼

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ѧԺһʦҲΪ
ʦܺϫ˶ɽеǼߣܣò˶ãȻ£
ߣһͽļһˣʦܣһɵõǵѧԺһʦ棬ݺݽѵѵСӡ
˵ҿѧԺĺӡʵɺޣһβѵΪ޷ˣ
Щ˵ĻﲢδڣòٵѧԺʦҲһԶŭѣߺƽ׷״ǳ
ˣǧˮȴȻһЦߣڶԾʱҿǻܲ
˻һȫƻĬ֮ǰһĻĻҶʦǶ̭ˣϫܷߵ
һУϫƻȻ̨ϣֱԣΨһ˫ĺУӿµĺ⡣
ৣ
ʱƿն̨ϣӰΪ࣬˶ΡɽӴü֮価Ǳ֮
ԶԶһһͷеޣ֮Ҫ˶ɡ
ϫ˵ϣ첻Ҫ̫ܵѿ
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ϵһһڴ󽣣ɳһߣͨѪལԵǷϸܵļ̣ѪļµĹ
ɽģ׺ݱƣŰƵѪɫ󽣣һ͸Ӿһǿҳ
ǣסѪһ̣϶ɢһɳɷѰ㣬Ʋ㶼ɢǿƱƥڳ˶΢΢ɫ䡣
һչֳƣ֮ǻܷɵⷽĺ붼й֮޲ϫʦܿ𣿡
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ʦܣСӣҪ˴ҽһֿˡ
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ʱȴûǧˮеĿⶼϫɫŽŵ֮ɫ֡
ΪҶǵʧܣǶԴ˿̳ϫĳսҲЩĲ㣬Щûʧ
ʦַģ̫ʱģ
һЦϵЦȴǱˣϫĿ綢һһ㣬ĮȻ֮
ȷ̫á
ϫʼ磬Ȼ˵

һؼ쳹۵ʼ
䣡
δ£͵һ̤棬һΡɽεض𣬿ӰնһƬ
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һЩѧԺϹŶƤһЩ벻ѧԺĵӾһսʩչǿƵɱС
һĻϫȴǹһĨֱͣѪ⽣һһöĹϴӡġ
ӡͨɫԣ׭һɬµĵƣϢȴǿޱȣѵأҳһ
ǿѧԺԺرӡ


1306 һͨ
ӡ
һɲǣڳϳɱԶ΢΢һǿѧԺһʦɫʱ
ĶȻҿѧԺıԸҿѧԺĵӣֱ
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ڴʱϫҲˣŨܵĺڷ磬͵һ̤棬źӡݺȥ
һ̵ĳϫɽԣȻһֽն֣Ȼʧɫ޹⣡
ڳһ𣬻㱼оһɲǼϫƱһˣӵһɾ£˭֮ɫ
̫ҫۿֲ˼ֱţղŵڵͬһˣ
ڶວȻĿע£ӡ⣬ɫƥӲҿѪ⣬ƿؽֱƵѪϡ
أ
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ŵŵţ
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һƱʮ
һĻжʱһ
ǵѧԺһʦһ𣬾ӣӾпһĨ⣬ţ־ϲеĵǽҲɢ١
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һԤУϫʦܵͣԶԶֹˡҶƴǺЦâܣĹ⡣
Ҳͷѣϫһֵ̱սҲݺݾһѡ

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أ
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֣һĳϫĿУ¶޾ĺȻͿ־壬а֮⡣
ס֣ʤѷ֣սȥһսҿѧԺ䣡ǿѧԺżˣĻԥ͵ڡ
ϧϫȴûǰɫĮȻƽеĺӡնһһϣֱҵͷѡѪˮɽڵʹŤѡ
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ϰĪգһʦܱģҾ͸ʮһԵǧˮһĻ΢΢һĨѪ̵Ĺ
һüǧŪܷϵԷá
ǧˮһЦÿɷ

飡
һնӡ£ԷϢ٣;ƿݱԵϫ֣վӣȻһŽԷ̨߳
֣ҴӦģԶԶϫһһҡҡͷת뿪̨
˿̣궯һƬ𣬾֮̾Ȳ֮ƴЦ֮ȻŭŭҲڣǿѧԺһʦ
ϫһƬУص֮ϣɫݣȻƮղһⲻ顣
˿Ŀ⣬Ѿú͸ղȫͬ
ڶ۵һԾڳϫİԵѹУµĻһԺ۵ᣬûн


1307 Ե޼
ϫƵһ۵ӿʼʵֻ˲յʱ䣬ķ죬ȴڶ۵䶯ġ
ԭڳϫչֳսʵڹǿƣһ·ѹ㣬ͽƸһغ
ʹսǿưԵսֶΣڳѧԺһʦԶеޱܺͼ
֮ǰ۵ԾУѹ̫ˣܵ˴Ҳ̫ˣԭеʧ䡢ʡŭǡȵڴ˿̵õȫйָоȻҲʹޱȡ
ǿѧԺһߣ۽ϰǵӣԶɫ͸ŷŭ֮ɫϫ̫ݣͽƳ׷ϵˣÿһصʱ䣬ҲȻȬˡ
úݵС
ͬҲǴġѧԺʦԳϫۡ
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ǧˮڿ೰֮ɫϾ˵ʵ飬ֻǵڶ۵һֶԾأ
һʱ֮䣬ҲЩ
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ټ۵Ĺأ۵˭ѡдԾһƶԳϫҲ
һ£һìͷָϫǻ˵ã

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һʱ֮䣬̨жסٴθһĨǣ˵ϫɹһ۵УǡȥѧԺӵַս
Уǧˮһλѷɫǿڵģ

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һУϫֻʼ磬Ц֪֮ǰ˵ǰĿţܶྫʻδء
ԴƽݣԴЦζȴ®нԶƽ٣֮ǰǰ㵣ǡ

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վԱߵҶһĻǺЦжԳϫĵǵǳ嵭˲١


Ϥٴ쳹һ۵Ļ
ǳһǩԳѧԺˮݿɾΣһȡ
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1308 
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ǴѧԺǱߣԼѧԺඵʱɫСӻǻ˰


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ҳɣƵƵʩչֶΣɫԣ̨֡ѹգȴδܱȳϫӰ
ˮɫ̲סһ˿㤵ĸоѵһ˿ռ֮
ܹԺ۵ɱһֶԾУˮԲ޶֮ˣһ˲жϳǳϫҪô˿ռ֮Ҫôһ̺ռ֮ɱ
󱲣ֻز𣿡
㾿򲻴򣿡
ҳ

̨ϣ쳹ˮŭ𣬰ģǴδһһĹΪͣΨֱϫˡ
ڳ˼ˣȻѣȻоڿˮһɵݰ㣬ʼգϫӰδ֡
Ҿ֪ϫʦز¶һȻҴ۽簡
սϫʦѴӮľˡ
˵ϫʦǲ˿ռ壬ӰôƾʧأҶЩǼһˣϷˣĺһ㣬צȴͽȻ޹Ц
ʱƣˮɫѿޱȣѪ˿ܲ͸޾ķŭȻһĨĻ֮ɫڡ
䵱ܴļЦڿʱ̼նǺŤҪ
սˮѾˣɣʡٶȥԶǧˮü俪ڵ
ǿѧԺӣȴԸҪǳѧԺˮ䣬ǷϹֵɫʱ
ɷϹҲ˻٣ֻЩԽˣ˼ֻǶڿռУԼҵӺް취ȷ̫˱ˡ
Ϲһǿ԰еˮɣǿռ֮㲻Ķ֣
˻һλ벽ο˵ʱȫ𾪣Ȼϫ˿ռ
̫ˣţˮ㶼ԼĶ䣬ԼѧԺϹŶȻԼ䣿
ʵͷǰҲòܣΪĲ֪ĳϫȷһ취ûС
Ҫ䣬ȴΪʣԼûͶԷʽְˣȥɽοԼ
ˣ
ˮԥʱ̨Уزһɾ˵ٿȻ̨
Ȼһҫ۵ĽɫƮţһƬӲӵĻա
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ඵƵһɫƿɲնȼաٻ
ˮһʱ죬һɫǣڵһ˲䱻٣ëȼգ̲סҪС
һ̣ˮַ֣Լ޷κˣһɽưԼһȻҲ
òᡭҲһɣ
ˮкȻԺоĪ˸ղƵһʱ֮ɫкð׹ߣ
ֿ־Ĵ̼£̨Ϸܣͼ䣬һעͽ͡
ܿ죬˲졢𺳵Ŀע£ˮ¶ɫȼգһĻˣüëͷѥϤپ۵ŤһţҺȴƫƫһ˿
ֻ̨Ҵܣϱģ쳣ȴûЦ
ΪһĻ̫ĺý飬ǵѧԺһʦˣ̲ס¶һ˿֮ɫοգ
ֶ˲̺⻹Ժ۵ĪǵѧԺɱڣ
ǷϹȴٰ಻ס͵վӣԶ®ɫ˼¡


1309 ʥ
Ϲֵ͸޾ŭ쳹ȫЩܻζ
ڴˣ®ȴǵȻƽֲصģ̨ǵǰ裬ԾĵӱΣʱͻᱻֱŲƳ̨
˶٣ǷһĨЦ⣬οǳѧԺĵӲǻûսȻüȥ
˻һֱ÷ֱףնݺݳ鴤ҧгݵܺúܺãѧԺСӳΣʱҿ㻹˵
®ȻһЦȴǲٶԡ
Сת˲͹̨ϣԭɾεˮǱճ˺ˣѿ嵱ģ
һɫ̿Ƶģ̨ϴȥȴҲӲǽɫķա
ԽҲľֱðϫ̫ˣղŵƱӡҵһϢһغˮඵյĿȫǣޱȵĿ⣬òŮӶ̲סŤͷȥ
ৣ
ǳѧԺһʦɫµʱ򣬳ϫӰƾ̨֮ϣĽɫڣϤӿŵһյඵڡ
ɲ֮䣬ָ
ˮ˿̻½һƬͺͷ룬ģһӲĺľƵģ̲סͨһڵϣڼٴϢɳƶ͸һŨŨĿ־ζ
䡭䡭ħմһľ
ȻղŵһĥѣĥˮٱԵ
úݣ
úݵС
һĻϹֱ޵ŭڣĿѣ޲̨ǳϫһˡ
ߵһڵӣҲһŭޱȡ
ЩѧԺһʦԣͬЩ⣬ֽϫʩչֶΣЩڶᡣ
ȻǲŲȥָϫ˶Դ˸еʹޱȡ
Ҳ̲סϫǣˮֻǵһսĵӣϳһϫУֻҲᱻԷݺݱˡ
ǧˮ̬ǴסѹסϫǾԲܻĴˡ
Ψ®ϫ֮˺ԭֻһǾβ۵ĿšġѧԺӱ󣬽Զ̫Ͻ̵ӰӴڡ
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֪ڶֳ۵ĵǷҲҪѡΪ֣ǣǾֱɣ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣
ȻƽƮ̨ܣûκͱ˵ƣǿšġѧԺУȴơ
ݵòⱣԾ
һٿȻƾһ̨֮ϣһɫĿ磬Ͷһ֮
ѩ壡
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ѩ崽¼֣ͻȻ̧ͷƶȻͬϹŰ٣̻ʥˣ˫֮У³һɫԣΪصķţ±ѭݡ
ʵ𾪡
ʲôӾʥˣ˫ܻ֮ϷĴİѧԺصĿ湻ģ
ȷǴ֮е֮ͫϿڤƷΨʥ˷ӵ󡣡
һϫʩչռֻ֮Ҳβסмˡ
ѧԺУĬĬעһ۵ϹŶԶһ
®˿Ҳüͷһ壬һĨ֮ɫǵãڵһ۵ʱѩ岢δʩչ󣬾ͻ˼ҪôԸϫֻҪΪɲˡ
ǿѧԺǱߣһưЦѣһ£ϫܹ㿪
ʥô
ϫкⲻȻ塣
һ̾ĪԼеʥа۵ҵôһʥжǿˡ
¡
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һɲ֮䣬ŭƣŤݺᣬħźƼΪ˿ֲһֹƾ졣
ѩһƴϣԣưϣǾԵƿ֮ɫ
ħ󣡡
®ٴһϳǴ̫ʱڵĹɱǿħߣǰûдǰֲһУɲǴ޲ֵܹģ
鷳ˣ
®һû뵽ѩ徹֮ֹʥˣƿһֹ£ϫǰ
ֹΧҲϸֳһĨ֮ɫû취Ϊ̫ĴǴ˿⻼ûʧ
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ѧԺǱߣŸ̾ãɼεĵͽ
һʱ֮䣬ԵóеѧԺʦĿ̨ϣҪϫǷܿһԾ

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ǰƴ֮ϵѩ˫ۻأɫưǹһĨЦ䶢ԶĳϫҵĴУƾƿؿռ֮Ҳ޴ʱʱ̶̿ҪܵɱϮҵҪ㻹ʲôʩչ
ƴ֮ϣ̨֮ϣƽߣʵ޷ƿƾιҲһ
𣿡
ϫһΣ˫ֿտգûκɱĿһɨܣǿհĺоһ˿֮ɫ
ߣͷװǻƣȻˣҾ㳢ħѩһߣװڴ쳹
һִ̣ױк£ܼ꣬¡¡ϫϯȥױ֮УԼ֡ħټ󣬷ЦױƼΪ˿ɲ
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ڴˣϫе֮ɫȴŨֱһй̤ǰȴߵֱߣǲһµĲʱۣʱػأʱ˺ΪɬŹ֡
գʱ䣬ƴ֮ǰ
Уױ磬Ƿ˻ħûдϫһ˿һ
ͺñ򻨴йƬҶմ
⡭⡭ôܣ
ѩ崽ǵưЦʱ̣鶼òϣֱ񿴼һĻԲᷢ鷢ˣʵ̫𺳡
ž
ʱϫӰٴһؾѩǰһƾͺݺݳϣ׳գô𣿡


1310 ݺݴ
ž
һޱȵĶ쳹̨ϣѹǴ֮ɢ̨֮⡣
ѩͨһ鷭պ͸Ѫ˿ȧǶѣȴûзҽУֻգ۾˶ƺˡ
ֹڳ˶һɫͣŴͣŵؿͻһĻ
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˭롭ŸոտʼԾԭƴ֮ϣ̻ʥתѩ徹һƸˣ
̫ϣθԼ۾
㡭
ѩԴֱðǣԲһУͷԵųϫһģ
ž
ϫӰƾһһ̣һѩϣغ«ƵƴϷѪݷɽԴĿȫǣһƬ۵̲סҽг
ʱ˿̵ѩ壬Ļһ˿ưᣬģ
˼ˣһȻϫ̫ˣǹֱ֮
׳գƾһ󷨣ΪԴɱķˣʥˣҿ׳ղŶԡ
ϫѩĿ͸һĨ֮ɫһﻹԼǰŪСʲô
ԼҲù
׳գ
ۣѩζըѣʱѾѹԼʧˣԭΪɱϫĴ󣬷ǵû𵽰ã룬Լһֲ
˶ΪҾֶΣ
ٳɣ͵һХ˫ɫţһܼµķģԼƣƱǣ͵ɱϫ
䣡
У͵ضһߣ̣ͨ죬Ҫ̻ܿܿ졣
̧־ͳϫͷ£
ڴˣϫɫɳʣе֮ɫȴŨ֮ɫϤ˱ɱ֮
һɲǣϫ˫һ˵һΧռ֮ٿȻεĿռ䳱ϫХϯ˷
أ
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ֲ̫ʤм֮˳嵽ϫǰһɲǣһǱϤϫһѾͽ߶˹
ڹսпȥѩȴһߣɵƵ͵˳ϫС
˾㵣°Ͷϣѩ徿Ҫһ
ΨһЩϹŶȴǿղųϫһ֮ƼƽʵӯһɼΪɲĿռһضɬĲ֮ǽѩĹƳ׻ĥ
һĻͬһ񾪺û뵽ϫֹ˿ռ֮ڿռϵ裬ԷǱѰˣ
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ϫߣ־ͺݺݳ˾ǰѩϣöԷһһݳױ䣬˸ͨһܿƵعڵϣһ鴤ѡ
߿ĵɱ񱻳ϫУһֱܷ֮ɽӣǵζǰóܵģ
ҲҺѩսˣټϳϫһɱ˼ԲŻǰһĻ
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һ̵ĳϫٶԣߣһǼǳѩϣһλʦڽѵһӲͽ
ѩڵأ˫ϥƵģû鴤ѪƤҺݡ
۵ÿҪʹȥЩƤ֮ȣеȴǴ̼Ҫըʲôʱѩܹ裿
Ժ۵ᣡɽĿȻֳֹأޱȵĳУֱѩֱ޲Ĩɱ
ϫҪɱ㣡ɱ㡪
ֳޱȵĴ̼£ѩ̲סŭУ޾Թͷŭ쳹ȫ
ѱǰһĻĻʾ˵˿ѩһľֹ
Ϊ۵ĹأΪԻڣ
ϫһУⱩӿ͵̧һ䲱ϣӲ߸˹ȥ
ѩȷ˹ȥƤѪ͸֪˶ٸſڵϾһѪʬһ㣬ΨбǶһ˿΢Ϣ֤š
ˣȫ𺳣
ϫ󣬼ֱ̫ʹˣ
һڵѧԺʦΪģ֮ǰǻڵǳϫݻħУѩʥˣȻޱˡ
뵽ƵķչԤȫһһսȴơˮҪɣ
ִ¹߳˵òٵѧԺӴʹ죬˷ܵѡ
ǿšġѧԺǱߣһɫ䣬кȻеǣзŭвţȻ塭һ㡣
ʧˣӡӲҵϢ١
ˮʧˣඵյͨ役ڣĿȫǡ
ѩǱءֱʹȥӣһĻĻݵĲҾ磬Ҳ𵴲ѣϫչֳ̫أ̫ˣǶȫûԤϵ
飡
֮ǰһһһѩ壬ϫһ̨߳ϡ
ˣһ۵ĵڶԾ
ݵˣȴδܴӸղŵһĻĻѪȵĻѹ
ЩѧԺʦԣһУһϵ漣ϫֳǰܡ𺳡ϲ
ǿšաѧԺԣϫһز¶ɱǣһһθǳصĴ
ԳϫԼԣһУŸոտʼ

һ۵ˣˮѩȺֻ̭ʣµѧԺϫѧԺǧˮ룬ѧԺⷽ꣬ѧԺء
֮ԳϫԣľҲǻҪֶԾ
ƺΪϾ
ϫ֮ǰı֣ȴõѧԺһʦһ˿ϣȻϣСȴѲ֮ǰǰغ
Ψһ˵ĵǣϫþսһҲδЪϢǷΪĹ󣬴ӶӰ쵽սķӣǷֵܹˡ
Ψϫӵв磬ԲΪսƵƵݽߵ⣬Ҫĵǣϫֵܹˡ
ȻǧˮĴڣͬһɺӵв
룬˿̵ĳϫƽʣû뿪̨ϴսʤˮ֮ǰ㣬ĿңңԶǧˮˡ
ƺ˵˭ˣҪѡΪ֣Ǿ͸Ͻ
ƽĿע£ǧˮȲ뵽һ۵ĵɫһ
ţ
Сʵ̫ˣ


1311 Ԫ
ƵĵⷽԴѧԺ
̬ⷽӷףհ壬ϸС綹˿òˣǵڶ۵ʱȴһٻ˷ɣչֳѰսû˸С
ʱϫĿʱⷽǷսס鴤һ£ЩɵЩɡ
һҧԲƵһĻȣڰһ̨ϡ
۵
֮ⷽʣǺɼһӲӵɱǷӷ׵ֵʵʵ
ɱ粧ۣԲ͸һɫΣһƻðļʡ
Ԫ֣
˱һ˱ɱ̸жȴһ־ѵķšﲻմĳƺš
ԭԪ⣬мΪصһ⣬ܹжĹմȾ˿
ǰɽһλպġԪʥɡԪ˳뻯ĵزһԾУһУûκιܺϣ˳
Ԫǿ֮ˣ㹥Σﲻմ
˿̿ⷽһϳʩչ˴˱ľֲ֮࣬һﲻҪֱǵС
ڴˣⷽȴɫ糣ڼʶ˳ϫǿսͺޱȵֶ֮ĸԼЦΨֲơˮѩ˵ĺ󳾣ϫ趼ʶˡ
Ԫ⡭
ϫЦˣһﵹǺܴһͬҲǼһ
˱һͭӣһ߸ߣµܲɢɬصϢǳϫսԺ֮ΪΪ죬ͥлõ̫ɱӣ
ͭɱ
ⷽһЩĪԣ˾裬Ҵ⣬Сɱֶ̫࣬ҲǹضΣò
ܿ죬ս
ⷽڵһʱ͵һֺһתһתһ㣬̨Ĵ˸
ӲӵԪɽҫޱȣ˶Բ׽ټֻܿǲȻԪ̨Ĵܡ
ִ򷨣Ϊأһй޹ļơ
ڴˣϫܼ򵥣ӰһҲƾտʼ˸ƾһڹܵʼ׷ⷽӰ
֮
˱ƣųܹˢУȻƷ׵£ܺɱϳϫƿصĿռ֮ۼٶȣȴҪⷽҪ֡
ৣ
˸֮䣬ϫѱƽⷽɨϯԪײǲһֹ
໥ճһһǵûб˴˾ҳײ˴֮һĪ
Ԫ⣬⣬Źеһ֣ͬԶͬһԴ
һĻϫʱЦˣĶˣԭû֮ԸˣֻǶԸԪһһǰһĻķ
⣡ã
ⷽʧɫûȷӦֻǰһڣһͭӵͷɱ
ֻǰһⷽǱ֮ͭ¡
̫ˣ
˸һս̨Ϸ۵糸໥׷Ӱ˸ŲתƣĿϾӡ
֣ⷽһӾͱϫͭӸ֣ǺųơﲻմԪֶû𵽰ã

ƵƵ쳹һأǣܰ˵ĻǶɢˡ
ȻⷽҪƾ
ɳϫԸżһ㣬ƾվ֮ϣƷסӣ𶯡
Ψһĺ쳹ݡ
ⷽˣ
ѧԺǱߣһʦɫ䣬ޱȣⷽС΢ޱȵĵӶһŲѹ֮£ϣҲʶϫֱֶ֮࣬һ㡣
ѩ󷨣ǴʱⷽԪ֣ƺκβԵģ
СӣôֶΣ
ǴԴ벻ס
ڵѧԺǱߣ뱬Ϊϫźѣϫֱ㣬һӶǬܲܣ

Ƭ̺
ӳţûһ˿
ϫӰһӣ¶ڵⷽ
˿̵ֺ̱ⷽڵϣб°ĭƵģڵϳ鴤ͣ־塣
ҲӶſɲɱⷽУĥڣûлɢѾ֮ˡ
һĻУȴһ𺳲ѣû뵽һսУϫȡʤķʽɻ˸ɴࡢԵֱӣֱûзʲôһپͽԷ׺ܣ

ع˳ϫӴֱڵÿһսûгʲôͥɱľơ
ĶҪôңգ¹Ҫô㣬ֱӱ˹ȥʼչֳķ֡ѹ
ݿ࣬
ҲӲ֤ϫҪԿÿһֶҪǿǿֹһأƾɱһˡ
ǿšġѧԺʦĿһսҲǳһ㡣
ǵ͹˳ϫ
֮ǰֻΪѧԺУΨһֵӵľҶƣȻϫҪҶҪֲ֣
սֲֶκ޼ɣֱСħͷܵĵӣһɫ˴Ҫһغ
֪ٲСϫЩ뵽һ۵еĵӣֱٴУɫԶ
һڵѧԺһʦϫǵĸоǾޣޱȵľޣһҫ۵ǣͷŲԻͣ

Σ۵չ黹ҪС
ܿ죬λսϳԿѧԺĺ룬ͬѡ˳ϫΪ۵дĶ
һ꣬ڵڶ۵ʱһٻԳ˷Ƿս
һڳϫͲյ蹦󣬺뱻һ黨Ƶģԣϫһ̨߳
һУͬ𺳣ع׸ֻ˺ǣϫսǿᵽʲôزļ־
û֪

ԳѧԺĲء

ԭӦǧˮȴ֪ΪΣλᣬԴѧԺȳˡ
ͬϣر˫ȶѣڵϲҽ䡣
ңϫеɱޣûݲҵƤ˹ãտ޺䡣
Ҫ֪һƯŮӣϫȻ˺ɣõѧԺЩӶоϫ̫ϧˣִݻ
ڴˣЩŮ̬ȴǳһ£ֳ֧ϫ׷ЩеӡʣûġΪϫŽˣ


1312 
ʱ򣬲뵽һ۵İӣѾ˱̭һɫǱϫһܡ
սѾϫΪȫҫ۵һλŵһԺ۵ϫ־ͻ˳һɽ硣
ڣ۵ỹûн
Ϊлһλǧˮ
ǧˮ֮ǰеǩԭӦڵȴǷսȨøԴѧԺꡣ
˭ҲΪ
ֱʱֻʣͳϫʱȴԼЩʲôнԲЦ̬ļһǴԸһͷ
Ϊ˶ѿǧˮ֮ôΪԸսϫҪóϫȥս
սͱսĹϵϸƷζĻȷЩһ

ɣȻҪս㣬ʲô
̨ϣϫ̧ͷĿԶǧˮɫ¶޾ɱ
ղŵԾδóϫеκεĳɾ͸УΪĿ꣬ûЩϡ
˵սԪģɶӵв磬ҵΪĻεĳϫԣһж⡣
෴ȳ̶ȵĶԾóϫЩ⣬ΪԴ޺֮ͷ֣Լս̫࣬ǲò磬ļֵһ۵
һУԴЩӵĿޡ
ڵһսǾԸ
أԶǧˮЦ۷һɲ֮䣬ƾ̨֮ϣͳϫңңš
䣬һɭ˵ĹϢ̨һվһа٣ɢļµϢ
ҹۿ֮ǰÿһԾ˵ʵʵҵ󣬲ԽˣȴԽǻϲ
ǧˮ̨ϴֻǸôǴ㣬Ӯô˴Ժ۵Ŀ֮λҲоκνĵطҺã㲻ǡ
һ͸һָʹָ㽭ɽζҲǶԳϫʵһϿɡ
ϫУȴ΢΢һЦˣ㲻֪ǣҵУȷΪ硣
˻һȫȻǶû뵽ǧˮһλĴʱϫȻұֵ˰Դ֮ࡣ
˻ǲ֪ŵʲôʱ
šġѧԺǱߣȴɫһЦѣǶǧˮʮģΪϫٶֱԼ
ԣǧˮͬҲɺͷͣ͵ЦԽǿԽϲȻսʱҿϣսҲ
˵⣬ЦһɲǼñ絶һһٵҿǻĥ²̨ģ
͸һĨļµĺζ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʶһսϫһʧǧˮ̬Իĥ
ڴˣϫֻǵһЦҿҪĿԴˡ
̸ˣǱý֮ţƺһεĮ̇ӿƺҪᡣ
ȫžѻȸ˭˿̶Ŀǫ̈̄ϣнŲѣΨִκϸˡ
Ϊ˶һսעԺ۵ҵģغĿ֮λ֮غŵѧԺ
һȴ֪Ǿһսɽ̫Ͻһײ


žޱȵķΧУ쳹۵һ۷ԾĻ
ϣ
һɲǣǧˮؼһϸ֮խϸָ磬ͨڣһĨɫ⡣
˽Ը㣬Ҳ̣˱
ǧˮһЦһĿֲϢشɢŰ˷ƣ
ԶԶȥ̫аܣΧն˵İ֮
ƺܿɲ֮ǰҶơҲֺȻǣϢУȻһĻŵϢ
ƺ˾һѣǽ٣ȻѪȷ磬޾ɱ֣
Ȼ̫Ͻ̵ĴСӱȻ̫Ͻ̴йһɲǣ®ɫһ⿪أܳһâ
޴ڵϢϫҲһУ̼ܵԶ
ϣ
ɽ֣һɲ֮䣬ϫҲһˣԣںڳ忡һƬĮȻ⡣
һԺУӿǿհ嫣ɱҽڵĿɲɱ
۵һζɽͬҲ˿̵ĳϫʼҪޱؽս
ˡ
˷վһĨɱϢ飬̨ܲٵϵ彣ڴ˿˰ƺ߳Ĥݡ
òɫ䣬Զɲϫ
֮
֮ϵҶƻȻӣֱϫб⣬Լľ޺ֲͣóϫʦԭ˽֮·ŵ˸߲εĵ;
֮
ͬʱҲв˱ϳһĿ಻ѣϫԴ޾磬Ųѡ
ԭ˶ΪֻϼΪ̬뵽⽣֮һϣҲѴﵽ˺˵ĵز

ɽĴ޾ǿУҳ
ŵȿѧԺһЩɲˣÿһսϫƺչֳһֳϵǿֶΣԭ׼Ϊǧˮڣ³ϫƶˣҲá
룬ԷһչֵģɱǺսһͣһ֮Ŀֲܣ

֮ܺã㣬ǡڹɽܣ
ǧˮУʢϢ˲ϫխޱȵĴɽһ̡
¡
⾪죬ЮǧϢѺ֮վήѡ޾ѣҪɢ
ڴˣϫŲһ̤һն֮䣬𣬰嫣ʥിޱȣһľӿ籡ڳϫ֮ϡ
֮䣬ϫʩչԼոƿصĹ
һɢ̨֮ӿĽϤ촷ۣϫĽƲٶȶֱԷ塣
֮һôչǲŮ洡
ǧˮڶݣƵƵ˸Ʋţ͵˵һ룬Ȼֹ
ΪϫĽǵͷȵòӰһӭֿ
ɲ֮䣬֮֮Ѿ治ǧΣڣԺ̨֣ضȻʧɫ
˶Ϊ֮һϣλ޾۷ڸʩչϽǵӾֱױȣҡҷԳ֡


1313 ̫Ͻѵ
̨ϣս졣
ӰʩչϷţݺأɱݡ
⼤
Ժ
ǰƣ񣬺ޱȡ
Ǹ磬ȳ̶ȵĽ棬ԻʮɽӣܿܿһĪѡ
䣡
ϫһնǧˮˣ磬ӹoɽϾָأƥ
֮ȣǧˮͬҲѷɫɽЮ֮ѳӣ˻ҰǺͳϫɱ˸¡
ֵһǣǧˮĽδΣȻ֮ȴܹͳϫͥ񣬵ȷǼΪ˵á
־棬ȴǧˮ޷ܵģ
һ̤ѧԺʱѣƾʲôܹԼͥ
ǧˮУҶơУѳϫˣ
һ̣ĻˣȴԽֶ֮ΣϹԼ˸൱£Щŭеһ˿衣
¡
һ̣һȻĿע£ǧˮٴһأɫ嵽£ӯһɿɲ
һɲǼ䣬ܵһƵޱȵ֮䡢ɬеߵǬ£ڵĿֲζ
֮Ǵ٣Ҫ䣡
ৣ
˺ҧĤĽ쳹ǧˮдɽڹ⣬Ѻлۡ
һն
ꡭ
һ֮촷̨ۡ϶ѿһƵĿӵĿģͷƤ顣
Һؼʱ̨̣ܽȫӲɲĳ̨Ǳٵɡ
ҲԿǧˮһкεֲ֮
ϹŶһ𶯲ѣЩǣѾҡҷ˺
ϣ
һƣϫɫƽɽת֮УɢâݺƥĳƣӲȥ
һ˿ռչһƹâۡ͸ʥĹ֮ڶ𣬿ӿһʥµϺϢ
¡
Ѻ͹棬ʱ֮䣬ձµײȻɢɢȥ
ԶԶȥ̨̳ϼȾգһĩհĳ
̨֪һĻɺøٹս¶ʶͳ˼
𺳣֮ǰҶƺһսѿƽ۷ĶԾۼǿɲƻȴԶԶǰһսġ
ৣ
̨ϣϫǧˮӰ˴˷ֿңңš
ϫɫƽɡ
ǧˮȴǸһ˿ء
ϧչ֮ȴֻزδΪƣղһֻ̽һʲôвսʤ
ǧˮһϸһĨɭȻ֮ɫ
̽ô
ϫ߹һĨĻȣƽȻô˵ҿɲˡ
ղһμҽ棬ֻ̽
ԣٴ𾪣ʱЩ˵ˡ
ߣ
ǧˮ͵һߣȷնǧؽЩɲ֮佻ܽӡʱѼϫֶȥ
Щ֮˿ߣӡֵĵزʵ˲串ǳϫҪûС
ϫˣֻһЦʱӿɽն籡ѽ顢һա
ͬʱӰƾգתƮɣһĨ翵̳ɲ֮ǧˮǰɽڿգ콣ɱ¡
ǧˮһԵһͽϫһ߽⣬û뵽ǣЩĹûɢɲ֮仯Ϊһâ⣬ٴκݺݼ
أأأ
ǧˮһŲ类УƵĽâ̺纣ȻĪ¶һһ⣬ȴӰ΢΢һѪһڡ
һ̣ϫٴδռͷһ֮ͬУ͸Өʥׯ࣬Ī֮
ǧˮɫʱһȫʩչֶΣɲ֮ܿ˹
ৣ
δչϫٴ̤գƿնٲȻһƣ׷ʹļơ
Ǹ
ǧˮٴһЩǱصһȻɫ䵽£һ޾ŭа񣬻Ϣǿֱľ棬޷̵ģ
ѻ٣
ǧˮһХںɫͬʿɽʱĽһ㣬䡢ɱ顢ĪĻϢ
Լܹǹ֮Уؿ񱩵֮ΪһƵĺɫ׵磬ޱȡ
ѽף
̫ϽѵԶ®ɫһ³֣ϳַţ̫Ͻ̵ĴС
˷Ϊһʩչٽ٣ܹڵĽϢѪ壬߻ħ
Ϣʿ̤ϵ;һ̣֮۵Ľ֮Ѱ
磬ʿˣĸڵ;û־ѣ˵̫Ͻѵ޵ʿԣԾ߱ĪɱֻҪɽٹ޷̫ܿϽѵ塣
ҲֻΪʥ֮ѡҡ֮·ʥ֮·ϣܹһһһϴӻ
̫֮ϽѵҲֻʥɾ֮ϵĴڣͲӰ죬ʥɾ֮£޵ʿǽԶҪ塣
£ϫֻ޾磬ܱ̫ܿϽѵ壿

һ̣ĿǧˮƵѽϢֹ®ѧԺйעսһϹŶѧԺĴӽϰҲһ𣬾ɲ
̫Ͻѵ
̫Ͻ̵طУ
Ҳ֤ǧˮһ̫ϽĪϵǿѧԺӵݣϴС
һӣϹŶŵĿⶼˣǧˮԿѧԺȴ̫ϽѵѧԺܶԴ²֪飿
ɫҲЩ˸ȴǲ֪Щʲô
ʵϸ۲죬ǳաѧԺĽϰ϶ԶΪȻ֪¡
ǣ̫Ͻ̣Ҳ첻ԣԴš

һ֮仯ֻɲ֮䡣
ʱ̨ϣǧˮ̬ԣںɫѽ֮УԵñ䡢顢ĮȻ֮
ָоͺһûû˸鲨Ϊѽ׵ִߡ
̫飡
Ŀ⾪һĻϫҲУĿӿһâ̫Ͻ̵ĴУ
䣡
һǧˮٶԣǷһĨ̵ĻȣխĴɽһ̣ǧѽƾն
٣к£
ɲ֮䣬̨ǣ̫Ͻ׵Ǵ٣һĽѣ
ϫӰҲǱûС


1314 ϫʵ
ѻ٣ϫû
һĻٵӶʧɫһᵽɤۡ
̫ϽѵҲֲ̫ٽ٣˱޿ɱܣ
޷赲ô
֮ϣҶϵȻ֮ɫһĨȡʵ˿Ҳеһ˿ľ
ʣԼڳֻҲԶ㿪ˡ
ϫ°ɣ
һԣŲ̨ϣϧȴֻܿһƬɫѽףѰٲϫӰ
һЩûʧ
ʤδֳٵһȣǳϫΣգȻᱻ̨ŲƳ
һ̣ɵΪ򶨣ǽָ߬ڣȴǱ¶Ĳǰƽ
ֹǣ˿ݵУеѧԺʦԶЩŻᷢһĻ
ϫܣһԺ۵Ŀ֮ɾҪˡ
š


ѹϤ˳ţؿڷƣɫѿ
ۿšġѧԺǱߣһʦȴھ̾ϲܡҪĻ
ϫ֮ǰݺݱơˮѩ塭ˣбһŭ𣬴˿̼һĳϫڱѹܲܵˣ

ģǲôɱ̭ģ
̨ϣЮѽϢǧˮЦһʤߵĽ
ĻõѧԺһʦһɫٴѿ֡
ǧˮ壬̬ϫУĥãܣ
̫Ͻ̵Ļˣ˵⣬ϫи̣۵֮ÿһ̣®Ҳɫ࣬ҧѡ
ݣһɼ˿Ǻε֮ŭ
һڵѧԺʦģǧˮ⳩죬Цֹ
һ뵽˵棬ĥϫһλµһǧˮ˷ܵûڣϾǹ峱֮ɫ
Ȼһ̣ЦȻֹ
ΪҰУǽϫûѽףϢرɢȥ
Ȼ󣬳ϫͦӰУԣɫںڷɾǺ
ǧˮ׻ţŵǰʧ㡭ôܲ˺
ͬʱҲһĻһӲֱ񿴵һ漣ڷһ㣬еһԵϢУ񼤵˼¡
֮ǰǻڽصĳϫˡ
ڣϫȱسǰûܵ˺
һǰһĶԱȣõǵ䣬о඼бĥÿҪֹͣܵ˵ǾϲӶࡣ
šġѧԺǱߣͬԴţͬ𶯣ȴһɼ˵͹֮С
⡭ôܣǸĻ˾ô쵽ģһѧԺӿƲסʧг
һ仰ʱȫѧԺʦķŭ
Сô˵ģ
ģ۵ǵӲɣ
ȻҵѧԺϣҳϫʦ֣˵ţ
ǿѧԺӶʱɫѿޱȣŭޱȣȴȥڣû취Ҳòŭ߲ѧԺˡ

ͣ
̨ϣһĨŪ֮ɫִǣϫ̧ǧˮ޳ָϣأһѽףȴǸ˲˿
ǧˮʱѾѹţϫܹѽкˡ
ϫԲԴΪӵкͼƬԵʣͱڣˣɽٵɾʱòĴطڱλϢ
˵Ǹûһ˿ĽϢ͸ˣĿߵȵز
ΪĴڣѽ˵õ
ԲܣҲţ
أǧˮһϢڣɽܻغɫףٴαɱ
һΣϫ
ৣ
һĨӿն𣬷է֣
֮
ں޼С֮С֮͡Сһ̺ϢĴʩչԽ֮ϽƣǵƣƷ׾죡
䣡
ѽױ촷ۣǧˮߵķݣݺɳȥнס͵Ѫ
һ̫ɲ֮ϯ˻Ĳƣ
ȫ䶯˭Ҳû뵽ת侹֮죬һۣ
㡭㡭ղһֱʵ
ǧˮ㣬ϲ԰͸һĨ֮ɫ
ڲŷӦ
ϫһ̣Եúƽδ׷ɱղֻ뿴һ㾿ѧһЩʲôֶΣҲˡ

ϫûֱ˵ǧˮȴףԷ˵Ŀ϶̫Ͻ̣Աƽɫɡ
̨ϫ֮ԣסһĿ࣬ղšϫȻһֱʵôȴֻһǧˮжͣ
ϫʦܣȻѰˣ֮ϣҶƴЦ
ȷѰˣֱǸ޷ȵĹ̥
Ҳྪ̾ѡ
ߣԲѣ
ĳϫǧˮĪһ˿ٳɣٴγϫɱ
һѽƴȫ콣ִ˵ѽףʧɫ޹⡣
ৣ
ڴˣϫԭ㲻赭дһնǽ֮Уڣڰ㣬ں޼еġ֮֮͡ߴеһ
һͻͺ嫣ֱҪءڰסƶ񡢳趼ֳһףһǬ
䣡
һ춯صĶײǧˮٴαӰģǿѪڶαϫݺˣд֮ɫ
Ҳ𶯣ϫǰչֳս̫󣬼ֱͬһʩչ
Ҳڸȷţϫ֮ǰ˵ģղǧˮܹ֮ͥȫΪϫûʩչȫ
ͣ
̨ϣϫɫȻظһ仰㲻״ˣܻ
ô˵ԭܼ򵥣Լɽһ״ӣɶԷȻԼ磬ǱȻ̫Ͻ̵״ˣΪΪߵͳ֮һ̫Ͻ̵״ӦòǧˮС
ԣǧˮղƵس鴤һ£ƺ仰ݺݴʹ࣬ɫһޱȡ
˶˵
˵仰ǧˮӰٴʧ
ɲ֮䣬̨ٴӿѽףɲ
ڴˣϫվЩˣһڣһĨɱĺۼٿȻƾʧ
䣡
һ̨̣쳹޾ǿɲѽױѹ飬粻һ֮һģһĨ޼᲻ݵĽ򽣳ƣ
ǧˮɫ䣬ȴܣֻӲȻ类һͷ̫ײϡ
ꡭ
һȻĿע£ɲǼϤ飬Ѫ͸ȫӶһɾҵȥĿȫǣ


1315 ׽
ۣ
ǧˮɣһ̯Ѫܵ൹ز𣬼ҽС
һֲ֮˹
ȫ䶯ţ˵ȷϳϫʵȴû뵽ʼʱǧˮ˲һ
̫ģ
Ҫ֪ǧˮ֮ǰչֳսȫѷɫҶ̫֮ϽѵطĿѰɱȣ
ƫƫأһλȴϫɴݿ嵹أֱǲѴ֮
һж֤ǧˮֻ˵ϫսѳ̫֮ͬ࣬ƶ£˸Ž
޾֮УϫʦԹڸȺףѹˣ֮ϣҶƴЦпƲʤ꣬һԺ֮ɫ
ԣһԵķɡкݺһ𣬺Ҷ仰˵Ҳ͵ϲϫˣ
˭󣬳ϫ̤֮Ųʱѣ
һ̣ɺԶ֮ٲȻѲٰѳϫͬȼĶˡ
Ϊϫڲ֪УԽ̫ˣ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣ
ֹǿҿɽУЩڳϫʦǰֻҲҪȻʧɫ
Ϲ˵⻰ҶʦֺʦУЩɻˡ
ߣǧˮҪŤת۵ĸ֣ǵѧԺĵϴܳϫʦǣºˣֱӱһˣ
һڵѧԺʦܣһƬ̨ϳϫͦӰĿУԶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һЩŮӸǺԼİĽΣ
һ̣˵Ķ׷£ٽţٵǣΪѾǧˮܣһԺ۵Ŀ֮λǳϫ֮

ߵܣšġѧԺǱߣȴһƬǴӽϰЩӣԶɫӲͣʧǣƶ޷һĻ
̫ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ϫһǿȵزֱ޷Ͼܹڴ޾ӵɲս
ɽ֮Աȣƺ޷ںߵҫ۹â
һ۵ᣬðһϫǡӮˡед˲ʡ
˻һ˽ԶȻɫҲ
ǰһ۵ϣɽ֮һҶưˣһɰˣϹŻʵҵϵ˼ˣ˺ˡ
˭뵽ǼӮʤʱȴͻȻðһϫƳɹһ۵Уһߣɨȫ

ǰƸһ˺ɨѧԺͬ޵֣гϫһ۵˲ʵ˲𣡡
®Цޱȡ

ڳ˶ԣһսѷֳʤĻ
ԳϫԣⲢꡣ
ڵϢٲҺѵǧˮǰ£ƽڣҴˡ
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ǧˮУȴԵޱȴ̶̼ڣپޣѪĿԹųϫɳƼڣƻ˼ƻעҪصĴֻۣӮһʱעʹĥ
˵󣬼úġ
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˻һȫע˶׷װĿ˹ȥѵϫҪɱһ
вԱС
ڴˣϫƻȻֻǶǧˮ³һ仰˵ǧˮǧˮ̫Ͻ̣
ϣϫһŽǧˮ̨߳
ˣԺ۵Ļ

Խ쳹ɢﵽ˶ɳÿһ䣬ϫսʤǧˮӮ۵֮λϢҲ쫷㴫ɳǡ
һʱ֮䣬ȫǺ䶯Ȼ󲨡
⣬ò˶ãһԺ۵ĽͽɽǧŰޣϫ֣Ҳע񷽾һ㣬ܵĿĿ

Ժ۵ĻˣЩ黹δ
ᰡ紨ѧԺһʦ˴۵ϣΪ˳ͷԵԹߣ⸴ӣѴҴ뿪ٶය
ǿšġѧԺʦ޾ʧͷŭҪ뿪ʱȴһλͻأӰס
λѵһΣαôż뿪
һӰСɱ񣬻ҷɣϵƹݺᣬű֮ɫòۣɵڰգȴһɽΡ룬󺣰嫵Ŀɲƣ޷ӡ
ˣԺԺ
ħ⻰ʲô˼
ѵ㻹ȫ²ɣ
֣šġѧԺĴӽϰɫ䣬ǿǺǸ޼ɵƢ֮û顣
ߣһѣѵӳǲɣ˭ǲӦɱӲˣ
ߣԴǺ
ϫ࣬δ룬ͱ®ס߰ɣʣµ飬ϼһﴦˡ
δ£ͱ®ɷ˵뿪
Ȼϫŷ֣ݵеһڵѧԺʦҲܵһ㣬糱ˮһ뿪˴˵ء
ĪǣΪ̫Ͻ̵ԵʣѧԺһЩϹŶҪЩһˣϫԺһͷ
®ƿϫ˼ӦҲ˵̫Ͻ̵һЩţ˴Ժ۵ζԣЩ飬ǱҪúòһġ
̸֮뿪ݵֻԶԶǹڿԶԶƮ
ϫ˼ǰĪǵѧԺ̫Ͻ֮仹Щìܲɣ
®ҡͷ֪ĵˣУҲЩ֮У
ϫһݣ̫Ͻ̣
®˵ͷ
ϫϣԭΪΪ䣬аɱ飬ֻԼ̫Ͻ˳У룬̫Ͻ̾繫ϵĵˣ
̫飬̫񣬲֪˶ٳƴѣÿһζ磬̫ѪȺͶ
®̾һʷؽѱ󣬼Ѱٵ̫Ͻ̵Ӱӣһͳû˭ܲɵˡ
ϫǵһЩҲ𺳲ѣҲ̫Ͻ̵ʶһЩ
ֻ֮ס̫Ͻ̷С顯֮ն飬ԺͳĴˣǧҪˡ
®ɫ˳ϫһ䣬Ȼ΢΢һЦתƻ벻֪۵֮λѧԺµĽʲô
ϫһ˴Ժ۵ϣȷһ
ǰͽ̡ϫҲסһĨڴڽȻǶƣԽԽãɲӶˡ
֪ˡ
®Ц˳ϫһۣһӣƾһ֮䣬һԻ͵Ļֺ빬ǰ


1316 Ժ
ǽ幬޽һɽУͨġ
߽֮󣬻Ȼʣ磬ŹǺȻһռعģĵڳһˮ̨̨жѷŸָı䡣
ɱࡣ
ҩࡣ
طࡣ
ͼࡣ

ֱǰӦоУ߽һɼұ֮С
ֵ
ѧԺ׬ȡֵܹڴ˽жһ
⻹ǳϫһǰֵһ룬۾ʱֱ⣬ȥӨӨĸɼ䣬Ҳһۻңа಻ѡ
ʱֵУѻ˲ٵӣΪ֣ѡԼ䱦
®ųϫһ·δͣ߹հ˹գĲ㡣
УϫҲע⵽ŴӣڰڷŵɱƷףҲǱԽԽԽԽ
ǵһУɱײΣʺɾѡ
ڶУײεɱѿ㲻ٴ޾Ҫ
Уõһɫ̫ɱֹ޽ףʥɽ״ҲڴѰٵԼı
ĲС
һЩƾֵҲ޷һĸɱ䣡
֮ҪһĲгеıֵ֮⣬һЩӵܴﵽҪ󣬾ӵ㹻ֵҲ޷һõ
óϫһѱеġͼƬͬҲһӵʹŵлõʴеϿɣ

ֵĲ㣬ֺ룬УܹǿУһؿɲޱȵĹϽƣޱȡ
ԳϫԷƵ֪ҲסеһľĻԼɲ֮ͻᱻĨɱˡ
кֻܰһģ˶ڴһİ빺󷽣̬ƽͣһһžɵɫ񲯾飬ϸϸƷһֻڰ壬Ե֡
ģͨɫ𪣬ʴݶţü֮ȴһɱɣĸоµĳԶԶһƿĲһˣһƬ嫡󡢹ǿա
ָо̫أ˽סһ˿η
ѧԺһλӵͨܵϹŶ
ϫһһӾжϳ¶Էòһ㣬ɻһɺǿհƣȴܹ֮ӵеġ
Ե®֮ȣƺЩμ穣
Է˭
ϫһĨɻ󣬵ϧǣԴУһֱδ̧ͷƶӶ
®Ҳûһ˿ϫܶԷ˼ֱӴһ̨ǰ
㿴˴ӦõĽ
̨֮ڣֻһһ鲻ƬֻӤƴСһ֮УһƻɬϢ
֮ǰעһּƬһһǧֵ
ϫס̫ˣû뵽Ժ۵֮λ󣬾Ȼܻ˹صĽ
ΪҪǣ˱ҲҪõģ
ѵѧԺ֪ԼҪˣϫס˼ɡ
˱ЧĪ⣬ӵ㾪ãҲǶΪĶϧѧԺأҲֻΪѧԺشߣܻô˱
һ̣ǻƬ®ɫҲһ˿ڵۣȻƬȰ벽ڶԣͬĪ
ϫһɵǰô˱òỹҪһǧֵɣ
®ȻЦȻá
˵ţһӣһĨֱӽһƬͬиȡ˳ݸϫϾͽʥ֮Ƭ̺ŴԴϢԱ֤ڽʱ̤ʥ֮ˡ
ϫæ˫ֽӹȻʵԴϢ
ֹô򵥡®ҡͷֻǻƬ֮һ㽫ʱͻĺôˡ
ϫ˵ͷСĽѴӺͼƬлȡһɴԴϢԲҪ̻Ƭ
ңԭûԼãҪСġ
ȥ֮úٹ꣬ʹŵؾͽˣڴڼΪʥ֮лȡĺôҲࡣ
®Ц˳ϫһȻʹת뿪
ʱϫ̲סֿһһλڴ䴦һۣܸоԷڿ壬ʵԴԼ֮󣬶ԷһֱԼ
һֺ˵ĸо
ֱ뿪ֵϫջûס®ǰղǵĲеǰǡ
®ϵʣ߷һĨζ΢ЦԺ˭ˡ
ϫ̲סۣЩϼһȻһһŪӣ
ʵѾһ𰸣ֻȷϰˡ

ڳϫ®뿪ֵ֮ĲУһֱڴе꣬ͻȻ΢΢һЦеɫ鼮Ŀ˰ϡ
ϰڷһ̣ͨϣǻԡ
ֲ̣Ϊ沢ûݺύߣеֻһƬǿհ嫵ǳ
Ŀϣ񿴼һͨǿյͨһ㡣
ͣͣͣ
䣬ʳָŽϻһɱ֮
Ƭ̺
˵һ첨֮Уһͷ˺һͷӰǿ֮߮ơ
ɡ
ƽڡ
һ̣һӣ
ҲڴʱһŲǵĲڴ
ԺѾȷšġѧԺѾΪ̫Ͻ̵ӣǷҪ
˿ݸɱ񣬻ҷңܲһɹ֮ɫԺԺֻʱǰ빺󷽵ʱһɫı֮
ԭܼ򵥣ܱλԺԺ֮ΪԺģѧԺֻһˣȻǰ빺󷽵꣬ǵѧԺԺ
˵ֻ꣬Ǵòжϣʵʱȴֻ˸ܵһɱɣϢ
Ȼֻ֪ӣʲôã߰ɡ˵һ䣬һɫϸϸƷ
ɱ˵Ļɾ̫ϧˡ
ɱ˻ɽɾҪˣǻ̫Ͻ̵Ŀģʱһ°ɣһȺŵصϢ
˵䣬Ǻзתݡ
ŵء
оâ˸ЩҪҲһţ
̫࣬ȥҲա
ͻȻеɫĬãŵǿʼ֮أǰҲС

®С
ϫ֮󣬾ȲҪСѻƬԷȴһӻңΪСھŶָڶѲ
̫ˡϫܹܵڶ˿ھŶе״ֹһ˵ã
Ѿ޺ڣ꣬ǸŮӵӦþͻˣʱܹһͼƬȻٺòġ
ϫһ뵽˳˼֮С


1317 ߽
Ժ۵֮󣬳ϫ»ָ˲
ÿ˴壬żҶơҶȾ۵һΪʵƽ
ɽǧŰУйһУȴǳΪ˽ʱĻ⡣
Ϊ˽ֵģǧˮһսǿΪɽУ޽ɲ֮ڣһ˿ɿϫһս
ɽҲУ
ȻҲ˶Դ˷Ϊϫǧˮܹѹɽˡ
֮ʱۼɽÿ䣬ȻڳϫǷѹɽ⣬Ҷ۲һӹɵǣϫսԺɽȼ硣
ҲǴһҵ֮󣬳ϫΪɽֽúĿһ

֮⣬Ժ۵֮й̫Ͻ̵ϢҲ쫷һϯɽ磬˲ٲ
̫Ͻ̣
ǿ繫ϵĵжнУС顱֮ĵͳ֪˶ȷѪ꣬˶ٳؽѡ
ڰǰħ֮ٺ˵̫Ͻͽ伣˭ҲǷʷеһζѪ¼ˡ
й̫Ͻ̵Ϣʱ֮Ȼ̫ĹעĿ⡣
д˵ǿšġѧԺΪ̫Ͻ̵ӡ
Ҳд˵̫ϽͻȻӦúǿҪһ綯йأ̫Ͻ̱ȻҪôʱҪ˷ˣΪˡ
֮һվֻǴţɽԴˣδȷ̬ȡ

ͬʱ
βޣڡ
һϮ£ͷڵվ˳ʱĳĬС
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飬ĩָƮɢ
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ŶãһշɽĶѾӵкұȼʵˣ֪ˣ͸˼ʱĨɱ
ԳϫչֳʵԼйĺ䶯ţպʧˣزƽ
ɣϫģҪԴûԴҪûƾʲôʵ֮죿
УӲˣۼͽγȥֻΪϵĸ󻼣
ŬɫһƽΨһУ¶һĨǵɱ
ˣ
үкηԸһܼģƾն֡
ˣֻҪҵϫ뿪ѧԺʱһĨɱˣһһٵмһ㡣
һݣүǣǷҪ֪᣿
üͷһ壬õôΪƾеȨһ޷´𣿡
æҡ
Ľ͵ֻа벽εĳϳ뾭峤׿
һ̵գһֻӬƵܣ̲סʲôʱˣҽʲô棬ѵҪȵǸɱǲŴж
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ڴˣȴƽ޹򲻳ɷԲСҴıү£˼а
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̩ǿһ֣Сܻڣ
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죬ĮȻΪУһ˲Ըóϫ𣿡
߲ԣȴĬˡ
٣СùȻֶΣֶΰմЦпЦȴǱޱȣ޸鲨
߼ˣǵƳһۣ˵ү峤أһжӭж⡣
òſɬһЦЩɺףҪҸ׳棬𣿡
һֵˣ㲻ض˵׸ôˡ
үǧ嶯һСһѣQʲôʱɽ񣬿ɲһ˾ܺġ
߼ˣջûסһ䣬תƾնȥ
һ𡭡
񷣬ͻȻһ˵о

ʱת˲š
֪Ժ۵ĻѾǹȥʱ䡣
һ졣
ϫûǶƺ֮ϡ
һʯϣžƺ«һƣһԶǷƺɫüһƬ֮⡣
ΪϣſѺдƹؽ̤ͨʥ֮·ʥ֮
ϫԼʥ֮ŲС룬Ϊϣʮһĥ£һһֳ
飬Ҳãһ򲻴
ڷϣʱȴǴնơơƣƣԼռƵؾռ
νƣǳںϵһִ޷
ڳϫյʮִУǳϣҲɹģȴޱȣ֮ơƶҪ֡
ں޼еġǳ֮֮͡ߴ֮ƱսҪΪֲʱóϫǧˮԿһɱ˶Է
֮˵Ƶ׵ģΪϫյ粻ࡢ컯ɡڰȵȣҪںʵǹһЩ
ЩԶǺĴ壬ϴڣ޾ǿߣ֮һѾ㹻һˡ
ҲΪЩ̫ǿ󣬷ҪһһںԵѡ
֮ʱҪһһִƣѾǲܵ顣
ǡռǿռƵĵһʩչܹοռ֮ãĪ⣬СɱУ͵ϮˣԶŲ˼á
ΪҪǣŶԿռ䷨ĲһóϫԿռ֪ҲǴﵽһֿɲĸ߶ȣԺʱԻ𵽼档
ϫʦ֣ԭ
أһ˳ϫĳ˼̧ȥͼҶƮȻԾнسԼЦš
ҶʦܣôϫʯЦʵ
Ҷ˵ͷóһѶ򣬵˹ȥʦ֣ѶһλеŮġ
㣿
ѵҪʼжô
ϫһзһĨ


1318 
ѩޡ
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ʮ֮ޡ
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ȻҪʮ֮ڣϵɳǡ
ϫ򣬳ѡ
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ϫʦ֣ҪȥɳôҶһ̲סʵ
šϫ˵ͷ
ʦ֣ɳλɽԵشӣҲ֮ǡͥ޷ƿأǰǧСһЩҶѵ
֮ǣ
ϫʱһͷһ˵ҪʸҶȴǱʾҲ֪ޡ
ʦ֣˽࣬ǰɻһˣŸϢȻ˽ġҶ
Ҳáϫ˵ͷ
ԭֱӳΪҶһ˵ǲСš֮ǡƺŵɳǡ

ɻ
ϫʦ֣
ϫʦ֣
ʦ֣Ҫæ𣿡
ϫӰɻʱֳʱһƬ䶯ٵĿжγ羴֮ɫ
ڴˣϫϰ֮ԳЦһһͷ㼴ȥ
ϫʦ˲ðԴӮԺ۵֮λǴɽ磬ֱ죬
˭˵أϸ£ۿϫʦһȡ緽һλãʦ㶼ѹһͷ
ֹˣǰʱǻɾʮ߲ʮĴʯϣϫʦٴˢ¼¼˰֮λ
̫ˣ֮ǰһЩɣϫʦֲʦҶʦأǳϫʦʤһﰡ
ϫӰʧֳʱһ顣
ģǳϫԺ۵֮Уֱժ緽һͻɾͨʯһ顣
ҲΪĿɾͣòԺӽԶΪɽߴ֮Уϫʦ־Ҫʤһƴ޾֮жŽܹ棡

ϫɻ߳ʱвеĸп
ԭܼ򵥣˽ⲻ֪һ˽һԭɳ֮Уֱɽͽãӣ֪ж֮ͽС
Щͽ֮УβһУа벽δڣ
˳ĺĺгʱշ籩ѿռصĺڶСʱһЩֲ֣ɳǣͥҲԸפ
ҲЩͽ޼ɵڱ׷ɱ޴ȥʱͽɳǵԼ֮ء
ö֮γġ֮ǡ
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һ˼ţϫһ߷ɳۣܿͷؽ®֮С
֮ǰɻʱҲͼ̽һйغŵصϢϧȴһд˿ɼǺŵصĴǺεȵء

УҲҪȥ
ųϫҪ뿪һʱ䣬׶ʱҪһȥСǡ׿ҲһԸͣ۰Ͱ͵ųϫ³ϫٰǶ²ˡ
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ԭܼ򵥣λʵɲ⣬ҵһóһͼƬΪôеĿıȻҲˣΣء
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ϫѴע⣬һС͵ڶһԼʲô⣬뻹еڶ·ߡ
֮ôĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˵õһͼƬ
ڳϫУѾͼƬֻĿ飬ܴĺͼջ޷ܾˡ
Ͼ̤֮·һ𣬺ͼƬǰ֪æۣ̤֮ǲʱԶʱʱ̿ܵͼƬ档
޷룬ϫҲź
һ
ϫһ뿪ѧԺûоκˡ

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ˡ
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ռ֮Ȼ˵ãǿռŲƵٶҪ֡
ϫпһͽĿɨܡ
ѩƮı֮أЩɷ֮ҲǸӰ첻˿෴һһؼıһһӿ뵽ڣѩȫͨһˬ
Ȼѩˣ˵طԲʮ֮أ̣յͼأӦλɳǧ֮ԭˡ
ϫһжϳԼľλá
жʱԶشһҵڳ߿ٸ
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أһһٻӰֶκᣬңϽ͸ʺѪգɷһƬд֡
ϫüëһû뵽ļ˵ıԭҰУһŮˡ
ӣһҪȾң˾Ҫ׷赲һСŮձк񱨡
ŮǼΪֵسƳһۣȳϫӦӦתҪٴߡ
Ȼûѻȵϣڳϫϡ

ϫӰһŮǰ
ҪʲôϽÿֻ»ǣ
Ůһü֮ѾǾ֮ɫ
ϣ
һ̵ĳϫǺϻٿȻγɽָŮӣԵƬ̣Ҳ١
Ůɫ䣬еѵǸĻһģ
˵ҲǺһףһӲӵ⵱շǧ؝ɫϼ⣬Хųϫɱȥ
ȶˣ
һֱӣն飬ǴһҪ˳ϫ
ۣ
ڴˣϫĶܼ򵥣ɽһӡ
ɲ֮䣬һĨɫϼն飬ƲڶԷӦʱһĨ˶ԷʺѪɽ
Ůͷ­ɿգùԲţԼܵ˿죬ǰǰɲʱѣ
ϣеˣҲ㵹ùϫɽһĿԶ
ˡ
Ҳڴʱһ󲨶һӰƾնüɱɫĮȻͣһϮüĺ£һɽʺ죬ںҡҷ
ΨۿյģԵЩЭ
ˣȻǱԨ
΢΢Ƴ˳ϫһۣû뵽ϫˣĿ⿴˵ϵʬɱ
ϫЦŵ˵ͷ


1319 
ϫͬ⣬Ȼܹ
Ҫ֪ɽ缫֮أһһƬļ̵ıԭϣܹȷԵúɡ
俴˿ϵʬֿ˿ϫü֪ݣ
ϫ̫أ²ʶҲòɱ
˵ʵӿŮӵĵһۣ͸ܵһŨҵϢȻԷεüΪܣϫɱٴߣӵۣܻ֮ᱻɱˡ
ˣҲһ֣˲ˡ
ԣǹĮȻɫŻͲ٣ȷǸɱŮһºŽСɲΪһطɱǧͯͯŮߣ֮ǰ׷ʱ䣬ȴû뵽С
ϫȻΪŮĪޣȴ룬һУֻǳһߡ
ˣ佾ͣƱˣȻһ嵨βˡ
ӵ֮Ѿˡ
ǡ
ûдͳϫཻ˼תҪ뿪

ϫæ׷ȥʦֿǴǰɳǣ
üô֪
ϫЦЦȻԷǾǧ̬֮ȣָǰȥĿĵֻһǾɳǡ
˵⣬ֱӵʵҲǰǽͬΣ
üͷȻܾУȥΪɱһ·ֻΣأңֻẦԼ

ɣϫסʵʦ֣ǰɳǣòҪһȥԿ֮ɣ
֮ǣҿһкãĻشͬ򵥣ԣȥкβɣ
кβɣ
ĸ֣Ȼһ鱾Աζ
ǰкβɣ
ϫϸϸ׽仰ȴˣЩ飬֪ΪΪ֮ĺܴ
ؼ䣬ƽ鱾ֻ̫࣬ɱһЩɱ֮ΪΪֻΪԵҵĽġ
ѩУһϮµƮȻȥĴɽʺ콣ƮҷһĨѪط

Ҷʦֵĵɣĵƽûкûߵͣ񣬽Զѵÿɹ󡭡
ϫ૵ҵĵرģ
ﴦе֮ããҲһɳ
ϫһҡҡͷתѩС
Ӵ˵صɳ֮䣬ǧ֮ңˣֻһҲ԰浽ĿĵأտռŲƵĳϫԣʱִܵ
һ
ϫٿȻֹͣ˲ƣĿһɨܣҲǰһݡ
ֻѩǻ˺ɫɫѩƮҷ͸һļµϢǶ֮͸ԹޡȵȲϢУҲܵӰ죬ԽԽ塢ţܴ̼ѪɺӣʬҰ
ȻҲĥΪ֮أֱܱģܶҡܹ־͵Ϊ
δִɳǣ֮Ũɼ˵ز֪жٴڴݷй
ϫ˼ɽĴߺ˼粻ͬԶߣۼʵҲǿɲ֮һ˫ȾѪȣ壬֮һЩŴɵӵܶҪѲ
ɽҲˣԽ˽Խ࣬ʵ˼Ҳ޶ʲôңͬ٣ףҪﵽһУҪʵߵˡ
ಣ
ϫӰûͣĺɫѩС
ûãϫԶԶһӰʮߣ٣ӵ޽ɡ
ó֧ܹشһЩϣɼײƣ͸Ѫգɫ䣬ҲԶ¶֮ɫ
ЩӦþЩɱ׬ȡ߶ͽˡ
ϫһܿɻ˽ϢоᵽɳǺųơ֮ǡɽУȴǲƸļеأÿɱһߣǾܵõһͥʹĲƱꡣ
һֵѪմ󣬵ҲӦߡ
һԣ˽ԶӽжҲɳðգǻѡɳ֮⣬Żɱ·ߡ
һҪࡣ
ǰһ֧飬½Գ⺷Ѫ֮ȴ֮ϢôȻˡ
ǳ߶ɱߣЩǳɱߣ໥Աȣֶ֣κͷʽ䲻ͬΪΪЩ˵һɱ֮ҲΪֵùˡ
ϫһ˼ţһ߳ǰɳ۶ȥ
㾳磬ѾʼѰ֮ۼνļԣҪϸС
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һ֧УһŮƳۿ˳ϫӰüһѵ
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ô֪ѿڶ䣬һڨڨ˼ؿԵĿһۡ
¶裬һ֣˽Զ䱸º͵޹أ뿪
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Ҫʲô
ǿȴɫһȳȴΪϫҪˣʲôһвԾʹֵģ
ͬʱҲ䱸ԴٲȻϫ˵жԴڡ
ڴˣϫȴǲᣬȻתεӰѩУԣ
һɺĹ֮Ȼֱ
һɲǣһֽڿգվɽӣ


1320 
ѩī͸֮
˿̣һĨҫ۳ʢǡ˺ڰǰһĨ⣬ɽ䣡
ͣͣ
ܹɢľһַƣݿ̬ѩ֣ĺɫ֮Ϥٻ֮
һĻֲ̫ʥڲþˣƺ󡢳ʢͻͶ硣
𺳣Ϊ֮һϡ
ǽŮأˣžһĻʧ񣬼ţһĻһ˰쵽ġ
ۣ
ۣ


ôǵģ
ĶĪǡ
һƵһҺޱ߿Ұ쳹
Ȼ˺Ȼ֣챻ķѩУһӰͬһ㣬ͨͨ׹ڵأһɫһƬðһں֮
ܿ죬һӰͱڵĹĨɱǵٻȼգҽ׷
κ
ѩɣɽ֮ڣȴһ˿֮
ѩʥ࣬ٲ֮ǰڰ
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ؼ䣬ȴѾѰٲϫӰ
ղšЩ׷ɱǵͽͲڸһӼĭɫӿһĨ¶֮ɫ
ԣҲɫ΢΢һ䣬𵴲ѣǰǸղ꣬ǸͲ֪һΧУ
ֵĻǡοˡ̲סȴ𾪡
ĬȻǸղԼˡ
һ뵽ղԼӶԷоһա
Ψأӣ૵ȻȱվǼţ˻кñģ񡭡ڡ
ԵĿһʱȻȴҲȥѵء
һҲΪصһѣӮ˸ղ˵ĺøУӶǻһѣ
ҿղƺǡǳϫһͻȻԥڣϾģʹǳϫʵ̫ˣŹ򣬶ϫԺ۵ϣչֳ
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һɫԶ𺳣һλɽµˣɽֽ
ôֲûҲסΣ

һˣֻǳϫ˳Ϊ֮һ֮󣬲δϣתͼɳǸȥ
һ·ϣǲδٷʲô⡣
ɳǡ
δִʱϫԶԶһ֮ɳ֮ϣƸǶȾħɭ֮ء
Ϊɲ
ƣգɼǳͽкεֲ֮࣬ñ֮ǡˡ
ԶԶأϫͿɳ֮ǰŲӰ㣬ÿһ϶һȦȦںɫΣȻ˫ȾѪȵͽˡ
ϫȫϢ֮ڱΣɬһƬǾ߳ѿʵˡ
һУһԾԶɳȥ
ŮӵϢֻҪʮ֮ڵִɳеɸ󣬶ԷȻԼǰ
ڴˣϫҲŲɣԷʵɲ⣬Ҳƭˡ
ѣҪǣ
ڳϫִɳǳǰʱһü۵̽ʵ

ϫƳ˶ԷһۣɲǾͿԷһȦȦ֮ҲǸ˫ȾѪȵͽˡ
ɳǣߵãϫҲǳħģҲûΪѶԷ
ϾһɱֻҪȫΪˣĻȻ̫¶ˣĿġ
ŶͺðˣͷһɳǣĹأһ죬ܺð죬Ϳϵϵˡ
üĿ˳ϫһһת֣Ƚɡһǧʯǲܵ۸
á
ϫĿһɨܣֲĿⶼڲشԼͷӦ͵Ʋˡ
ϫʹ죬üĿ겻һͷΪѵѣҲ֪֮ǣҲģϾ̫İ̫ᡭ
ǧʯȥɸ󡣡ϫü˶Է߶
ⱻԷ֮Էˆ£˵ô࣬׻ΪʯɲڶԷ˷ʱˡ
˵ʱѶԷһ
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˵ţѴųϫǳȥ
СϢЩŹ֣᲻ˣ
ҹһǰֵֻʲôˣֿ͸ļһٹ۲۲Ϊס
٣ģɲǼһˣǽͷַԣ۾ûǰˣϣԸͷˡ
ǰųϫǻ߽ɳǣ˽ԶЦѡ
ɳǵȷܻңԡ
ڽɳֻеĶ̶յʱڣϫٸӦɱ¼һڽֵϻƴһһĴ󺺵ϷŮӲɣһƽԷˣθǻƣһ޾ߣΪƲѳԣ¥ǽϰ֫ʬֶβ
֮ɳ̫һƬŨŨ֮ڰһ㣬ű塢Ѫȵζ
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򣬺·Ϊ𣬽ֵϡ¥УܿȾͽڡ֮ǡĳƺš
ѣƺ·˰ɣϫͻȻ㣬ƽʵ
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ǰǧ֮أҾ¥ûһɸǰнǧ֮أһƬҷ棬ռаǧﷶΧһƬҲӦþˡ
ϫתͷŻţ·ɲԣǷҪһͣ
ɫ䣬û뵽Էʶ֮ǷΧԶˣһʱ֮䣬Щ֪νˡ
ߣͲͨ͸ƨ
ڴʱǽֵԶһߣ羪װէ֣ǽֵ࣬رӳʮӰ
ЩӰõһ㣬Ů٣вι״顣
ΨһͬǣʮӰϣԶŨһ֮Ϊ׵Ĺͷϣ֮˺ɫףȫޱȡ
ϴ󣿡
ǻһ̧žҪܹȥ
ûжͱϫִ̽ӱһ࣬ץסҸʯܵɾ̫ˡ
ƽȴһĨֱĵɱ
ǰһĻ֣ϫĻ᲻ףЩһһģԼͷϣ


1321 ֮
űϫץסһͽ̲סг
ſſң衭
꣡
Ų飬Ȼֹͷ­һᣬ
ʯãҲȥá
ϫȡԼĴȻ־ͽԷʬ嶪
һĻƤסһɫ΢䣬СӿҲǸݽɫ
Ǵ𣬻Ҫ뿪ϫ̧ͷĿ絶ӰɨԷ
ѣ֮ǣôЩˣΪ׵һĿųϫ
ô˵Ǵˣϫɫƽʡ
УЩĥ͸ǰˣƬ̲˵ɱܹǲԵģ㲻ֵǮĶóҵ뿪Σ
ϫЦˣҲӦأ
ӦֵܿҲͲܴӦˣһ䣬֮ǣһģɱһʱͿԼСҲ۽ˣ
ɭȻһЦϢӿ
ʮҲЦѣĿ¶ѪĹ
Щ֮꣬̾УϫĽɫһĲˣ֪ôġ
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һƾ𵴣
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˭
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һһ˿ĸоӦϫٴ

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ǰһڣʧȥ֪

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ͷ­Ӧòв۵˰ɡϫ°ͣҲǵϵһʬ壬ͷ­ƮȻȥ
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֮ǣһ߻۵֮ء


1322 Ƶ
ȷ֮ǡ
ڳϫɸһһṦ򣬾¥Ѿͻûͱƹһһţһ˳ȥ
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ǽգգ۾ȴǸʲôоܾʩʩȻڳϫ棬Цﻵô࣬ĪҪȥЩƲɣ
˵һ̣ѴһĨζ
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ԭ˵ҲĿģϫ˼˶Էһۡ
ЦŵͷԣҲڵˡ
Ŷɰϫüëһ
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ЦԼһƣ˫۾ֱųϫ̾Ϣϧ˽ڳ룬ȴϵˣ̫ˡ
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ҲһɲǼ䣬ǴϿգһҲĵһӰȾѪĮȻһƬɷ֮ɫܹ紦һڴСѪѪֹҲֹס
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ĵյʱ򣬽һղ߳һ壬۵ĸߴ
һ֣һɿֲѹóϫеһĪѹ
벽Σ
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Ƶ
˼ҾȻˡ
Ǽһﾹǵ˼ͷˣ
˾ϳǿߵݣɫԶ¶ļɵη֮ɫ
ȻλƵĴڣ֮һλֲˡ


1323 ֮
֮һƬ֮򣬲ɹңɽصߡ
ЩҲǿΪɾ磬ܹӵд޾ΪߣѾ֮ǻú
ʥɾߣٲȻͬеһ˸ǣΪ˼ɵηģȴǰ벽δڣ
ǰĸƵһλİ벽ڣеߣһǣ˸Υ⡣

̶һʱɱʮӣС檣˺ôĵӣ
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λ벽ڣΪɽߴ֮һȴͬϰ㣬ԵǰС
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ϫһ̣һܵһԵļ£ǿأʵǿռ֮顢߸ˣ
㡭㾿ǡ
һƬУϵǾŭޱȵܵĪ̼һ㣬һĨԵľ֡
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˵Ƭȫһɲ˾Եľֹռ䡢ʱ䡢ߡǽǵѪɫ桢¥ڵˡеһУ񱻶סһȫֹĻ档
Ǹϵ˿Ҳһܰ㣬գһأԲһĨ̵ľŭ顣
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ȴȻ޷һ˿һһĻ̫ˣ
ϫҲ𺳲ѣ֣ⷢԼȻܶ
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˵赭д
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һҵĿϫѹŤͷȥȴֵϵҲ̧ͷԼߣ˵ϡ
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һĻܹ죬ֵ¥ƬأһƬԵľֹһĻ棬ϫͳ⻭неж˵Ĵڡ
ǿռ䷨֮
ԳϫԿռ䷨գҲһ˲Ÿ𺳡
öлϫңϾҿɲʶˡ
㿪ڣݻָƽݵ֮УһϡΰصĴǡ
Ψڣӵеƣ˵ȸѧġ
ˣ𺳣û뵽ϫһϵˡ
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ʵҲЩЦѣԼһ·񣬾˲֪ˣƺÿһΣһ˵ǷԼһ
ȻⲢſһ˵Щˣ϶ǵԼֱķʽȴϫĸѹ
ԲԴǣ˵껰˳Ĭ
ϫˣȴǰĿ⿴㡣
ҪҪ뿪ɡ
˵ţһ֣һӲٳһͨȻأֻΣգͨδޡ
ˣ˵˼ٴγϫ֣Ȼٳɣһ֮ͨУת˲ʧ
Ŀ뿪ϫҲǲ⾪ֶ̾μֱֲ̫ˣһܿٴŲͨϻʲôûģ
ǿռ䷨򡣡
һ뿪㴽ٴӿһĨϤЦݣ˳ϫһۣ㼴޳Ө׵֣һա
飡
ǾֹĻУӲܰеĸϵһֻδץסɲǼ֧飬Ѫĭ촷һգ
һֻһɣ
ϫȻţ⡭һλ벽Ĩɱˣ

һ̤˫￪ţ

ϵһؼʱշʱָ
УѾû˵ͳϫӰ
κ󣬾¥ŷ׷ѹÿһϣһĨĵĺȻͿ־壬ֱŵɲһӡ
֮ǰ޷˼άڣǳзһп˸䵱֮ĸϵȻĨɱʱÿ˶㲻Լ۾ˣ
һλȻһ
죡Żˣ֮ôһλѵҪ𣿡
ʧૣЩ˫ȾѪȣ׶ޱȵߣ˿̾ŵʧǣɥɼղһĻĻǺεȵ𺳡
ǲвŮ³룬ŵû֦вһƨϣڲѣɺĴأૣҡҸղžȻȥһλšҵС඼Ҫɳˡ


1324 ϲ
ĺ
죬ŭ˺֮䣬ƹĵ绡˺գһƬƬҰ˵Ĺ
ʱһƬ籩ϯ֮ϣ񷶼ƺݡĺɫѷ죬֮䡣
龰Ϊֲ
ƿؿռŲ֮Ĵ޽ɣֻ¶ԽУΪʱշ籩ܹ˲һС
ɽɳǵһƬ籩
ˡ
һ󲨶ӳֳӰǵͳϫ
ʱĵ㣬һȦȦõĹΣͳϫУޱȵĺϣǲκӰ졣
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ϫĿһɨܣľѡ
ĨɱǸϵ֮󣬵ʹֱһ˲ƣ֮˴˵أյ˵ƬķĺٴһϣִܵǴ˵еĺŵء
飬û֮άϵŻ˿񱩣㲻صģҴţݳʲô⡣
˵ţӰһǴųϫȥ
û˲֮ȻƬʱշ籩̫λڣҲҵˡ
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ҿɵģȻһյĻԣ߱ʲôˡ
ˣղǰôֱ֣ӰɳеȫĨɱˣ
֮󣬳ϫ֮ǰ飬ʳ
ɱ
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˵֮ǾͺñһȻ˵˿أֻҪУһӾͱˡ
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˵ĺޱȣмǾһҲĸԴؾ硢СĴڡ
ЩΨһֶΣֻǰðգѰԴУҲڰɽ翪ٳµĽ
֮Ǵڵ壬Щ߿Ʋ׷ɱʵԼһһѪɽĺпٳؾλ档
ȻҪٵ֮ǣɽԣֱѴ֮һɽǧŰ޵ͽҴܣûͬһأɽĪĻ
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ޣû֮أȻˮûǳأޱȡ
ǰͷߣ֯Ϣ죬ۼҪڴ޾֮ϣ
ҵˣֻһʥɾͷȻѪ£˫֮ͫ飬д档
˵ʱһУԶУһŤİɫ磬콵Уɽһͷߵͷ­е

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⻯֮ԹΪԪŲСãͻʥɾ֮Խ̷ˡ
Цݸ˳ϫͲܾĻᣬ𲻺˼ȽŵأҿɻҪء
ϫˣֻ£ȴǸпоǺãһ·ϸصʲôòٺôײһԵҲûʲôˡ
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£ɳ۵ٶԻ˲٣ڴЩʱշ籩ʱɫҲǱ治١
ϾһУֻܹһɲǼʧҲˣΪʱӵȿռ䡣

ûãǿ񱩵ĺϣȻٴӿֳһͷͷ޵Ӱͷǧɣֻƺɫһļ̡ԶԶȥǺ֮ǧͷһûˡ
һȺԣ
ͬһֺ֣ɱںʱһλ֤Ĵߣܹ׽ɱˣֲ֮
ȺԵĻ򲻹ֻ൱ںʥɵͣྫѪȴ̫ɱľѲϣҩӣܹɱʡ
ָһ
ѪƯ˻ԵʬྫѪϤװһ֬ƿС
ҲǣԵһλעЩԵˡ
أϫջһǧĻྫѪɽУԶһ̫ɱˡ
óϫпУĺķһƬԽ׳һУȴһֲƸԵľ۱裬ȡᣬûء
óϫеޱңһ˻ˣ
·;Уٴɫɫĺ֣޲纱ޣڵУ͸ԼҺ԰ֲҩһ㣬ԳϫõģͲߢһûõֱӺˡ
ţƤԴΪսɱʱڣд߼ǧŰţƤƳɱɹġһãغɽӻĩ֮
Ǫm؅֮ǣm؅Ǻᣬƿˮ䱾ǿˮԵɱҲһС⡣
ɲݣǺεǿΪΪɵСţûСӤεΪ޷żġ
ǰ
֮ǡ
һ·ϣŵɱԽԽ࣬ϫõɲҲԽԽ࣬ĪǶպдĺ屦
óϫϲЩľĸоû취ʵ̫ˣۻңþö޷ع


1325 ɷ
ৣ
һĨλƵƿգʱշ籩ķĺһš
ʱ
ϫһ־ϲľʱһϮۣٷƵĵͻȻ㣬ڣˡ
ˣ
ϫһ͵ؾѹ̧ȥͿǰ֮⣬һεĹĻب֮䣬ĺ⡣
ǹĻ絰Ƶģ͸ԣɢһƺɡϡϢ
ĺеʱշ籩ռŭˡһĻ֮ǰͻȻðһ˿
ɱϣ
ϫһ۾ϳȻɺŵ֮۶ıϣͨһϣܹŵˡ
ϫЩδĸоû뵽һĺ֮оȻ˳ʱѵִǺŵ֮ˡ
ĺ϶යһЩʱ䣬ϾǺпɲ֪жپ˲Ƹͺɲģʹ뿪ź
ȻϫҲһжΪеһλ򣬷ƾһˣ̤ĺ
е㲻᣿
Ц˳ϫһۣ˵ʱϼɫƮҷת˲֮䣬Ǳһģ
֮ǰ
ڵɫȹƮȻü鶯񻣬һͷں㷢ٷ裬Ө׹Ķͷ˸Ż۹⣬һְµ
һɲ֮ûһǿҵӾóϫ΢΢һ޲ѡ
ȷе㲻ᡣ
ϫ̹Ȼسˣһ·ϵѼɲ䣬ҪôԺд棬ҪôֵľˣֱֵܼǸ֣޷
ЦЩ֮ںŵеĻԵЩʲô
ϫ˵ͷȻһЦ
ֻźɲԴ˲ִˡ
ŵе֮粻ͬټڶһƬƵⲻգȻмǲҪжʲôˡ
Ըһһףһɱڿգһɫ£һĨĻߣһԶĺɱϾͱ˺ѿһѷ졣
ߣ
ӰԣЮųϫɲǼѷ֮Уʧ

ŵء
ȷ֮󣬴ӺнһƬϹźʱڵĹ編֮
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ףںɵͳУɽŮ洵̫ϽһԴԶںʱڶǺպϵͳ㡣
ֻȷʱǨټشٷЩɵͳȴǽû䣬ŵ֮С
Щɵͳ֮Уֱˡ
źŵسΪ綯ʼ֮أŵֻƵ֮ЩɵͳҲΣʼѰ³·
ЩУһںŵеĻңȴͬһϻԵ˴ѡ
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ͬϫ²һ޾յĴԵУûа벽ϵܣŵض벻ã˵ȾָлԵˡ

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һ޺𣬴ԲԵɽдڤ񷡣
ЩѤգڤ֮ºХǡƲʷ裬ȾһƬ
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ֻǰЩ߱죬ĽëԳһȺСƵģץģ飬ѪָƮһѪ꣬ضȾ졣
룡
һ쳹أһֻ·Ԩ֮£û˶
ϫڵ£ŵ֮󣬾ͿһĻ׵Ļ棬һʱ
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ӯӯ˫ָȻһΰϵϢɢһλߣǷԲ֮ڵ顣
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Уͷص֮ǰĺʱԣʥ޾̫֡̾˷ԭʼ
ֶصĺϢϫҲǻ㱲ѣ˼ɣǴ޽ɣֻһ̤ʥ֮УŵУȴƾһСĸо
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ᡢԼԨ֮µֻ֣ľΪȷԵˡ
ֲãԹɽȴкŵصĴţΪܹ̤˵صģҲֻЩ벽ϵĴˡ
ϫһָܿ侲
ɲԷƱˡ
һεжԭҲԼܹģҲ˶ûʧԼɡ
෴ϫܿ͵̬һжһѵþҰԺбȻż棬֮ǰ㾮ܹ졣
һ룬񳹵žܵĿУû֮ǰĻ㱺;̾
˳ϫ̬ı仯ӣǲȾһĨ͵Ļȣ߰ɣȥɷ룬⣬Ů洵ͬӦѵȺˡ
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£Ѵųϫգȫٷɳ۶ȥ
·ϣϫʵŵؾж󣿡
ڴһҲûʲôлŲٶС磬ϧٹ˶ãƬ֮Ҳˡ
ϫҲΪŵУѾΪ綯ʼ֮أұȻ޷Ҵȥˡ
ϫһ£̤ʥŵŹ׳ϢҲ֪־ˣ
һκŵ֮УǷܺ˼
˼ãϫһջҡҡͷٱʲô룬Լľ
ԵȻá
ԵֻҪԷã㹻ˡ
ʦã㿴δˡ
ڴʱһӹĵ쳹˳˼еĳϫ̧ȥͼԶֳһϵɽ塣
ɽ֮ϣӰ


1326 ֮
Ӱɽ֮ϡ
һӰ۾ߴҫ۰ȼյ棬ǳ貣¶ĿͻͲɱӡ
һӰ޳ȹƮ裬˿٣һ»һƵɫΣӳĵӻŮ
һһŮһȽԶǺ񷣬ؼλߣ䣬ΰϡ
ӹɣǱȻŮ洵Ĵˡ
ϫһǣղӵУȻƺΪδ롱˵λЦٻ⣬óŮӣɽĴ֮һδ
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֮ǰҲĴɽܿܿһǾģʹڣȴ뵽Լ߾͸δԼֱڲϳ
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㳯ϫգգ۾һЦʹǹɽ֮ϡ
ʯ֣
㺬Ц˵ͷͬʱϫʯŮ洵ӣұһĺᣬͬʱҲŮ洵洫֮һΪ֮ϣһλһͬС
ϫкݺһλڣ
ɽɽʮУֻ³Լ֮⣬ʦʦʵҲӵ˰ɣ
ȻֻƲ⣬ɽӵΪжߣֻԼˡ
ǳϫҵѣκһǰ֮򡣡˵ţּԽһ³ϫݡ
ৣৣ
һɲǼ䣬ϫ͸оĿɨϣ类λoסһ㣬һѹ֣ͨܶԷ̽һ
һ˲䣬ĿջأóϫΪһжֻǴ
ףԡ
ʯȻڣ˵ʱһ¶ݣ⾹һ޷罣üһɫ멵ӡ
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ˣһ˼ؿ˵һۣһЦŵĻ٣ޱȡ
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磬Ȼ
ҼˣսʱԶԶһۡ
ʱʯ̧ͷ⿪֮䣬âӿųϫɫȴĪӿһ˿ŹָӵζԭСӡ
𰸣õ΢΢һԡ
ֹϫҲԴҲ벻ԼսʱʲôʱǰλŮ洵ˡ
ʯʦ֣㾿³ʲôˣ˵
ԭԳϫΪ⣬ɼʯ˷ӦʱʶΪֻд޾Сһƺܲ򵥰
ʯҡͷ̬Ⱥܼû˼˵Ҳա
Ȼ߶ԷսʱǰСõľ񶦣Ҳɽҡˡ
ȻҪǣҡʱ˵һ£ǰСпǣһλתصĵӡ
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ԷһһСһƺԼʱϫҲסЦԼôС
ҲڳλڣģᣬۼеĻ֪˶ˣΪϹŶҲΪ
ȻŲһһһǰȥƺԷôҲɽӣŮ洵ǰˣ

ܿ죬ʯ˼ӳϫתƣֱӵ֮ǰݣ֮󣬷֮ͻһЩֹ֣̫Ͻ̣ٺɵͳ֮Ҳ֮Ŀ꣬ʱֻⲻҪִˡ
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ϫȻּΪİȴ˲жϳǰλǰŵͼıĻԵȻǷ֮ˡ
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شãŲ˵͢ͽλеڶϺᣬƿ̫Ͻ̡Ԫʥʵʯֲ¡
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һ۶ԳϫԣԶİȴԼ̫Ͻ˸һ֪ȻģһƬȴ֮ǰǰһƬհס
͢Цü壬ֻˣƾ֮ӮԷһˣĪǻʲô飿
ʯͷ͢Ƕ˱ҪǰִҵõϢɵͳеġ̡ǧѾӦǺˡ
ǧһʵΣȻ
֪⡰̡ںʱڣҲһ̵̣ĵͳƫͽ޼ɣūΪֶΣŭɽĳһλͨɽŸͽնͳҲ߰˰ˣڵʱǺ䶯£塣
û뵽ǣ̾Ҵðһ̽ǧ
ϼһ³ۣ˲ʮ֮ãŸո̤ż̸ϲ㼬֣ȴЩ鷳
ʯüǧԵ㷺ͺɵͳʣҵĵķ̫ϽǧΪӣ£Ͻ
˼⵹ǵȷЩ֣Ƿ֮򲻼˶ռˣпв֮ҪƳɲô򵥵顣
ǵĽ̸ϫȫ岻죬һͷˮֻܳ䵱һԹߣĬĬסһЩõϢ
磬˴ǰ֮֮⣬̫Ͻ̵λ͢ͽЦԼǧ
磬Ƿ֮Уš֮Ĵڡ
ЩϢʱԳϫûã˵֮ó
ˣղЩɨˡ
ʯͻȻתƻ⣬Ŀ⿴ԵϣǷһĨ֮ɫʦõ䲻ڣ¡ӣԵһ
һӯӯرһĨΪοʯȻܼסˡ
ŶǿҪϲˣһö»͵ҵˡ
üһһһöӲӵĻ׭ͼƽɫ⣬ǧɷƯ


1327 ֤֮
»һѵõıϢ
ԶԶأϫܸܵһɴĿͨ尲ϣȻܾ£ˡ
óϫЩţﵽ֮Ƴ㣬ỹŹٳС£
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ӹǽӲӵϲЦ
ԭڿҲֻ׳ˡ
˵ţʯһѶһӨ͸ӣӤȭͷСڸһȦȦԹԣ֯һ𣬻ӵĹ׭֡»١
鸦һ֣ɢϢһǸһ»һͬʵһ㣬ڰԽӳƮһɫɫɫĻ䣬Ƭض֣˱ǣ֮ɢ
ϫֱһĿɿڴͷһμȹ屦ܽ»Ϥɣǿ䡣
ٳģδ̫¡˰ɣ
ˣλֻ¹ղ갡
ǺǣҾ֪ʯ׼鱦ⱦеĪɱͷںĴ󣿡
˼ؿʯһۡ
ԣϫȴ𣬵ԼμԺʱǽһλںһͷ޴ޱȵĺɫս֮䣬ǳ飬ҡҡ׹ǵȺƴһĻӡڳϫԺС
ϫʱȻ֣һλòǰλŮ洵ĵһʯɣ
ɱͷ󣿡
˫鱦飬ϲʯ
ʯƳ˳ϫһۣЩεǰɡ
սɽҡֹǿϫĻԵΪ˱Ǹ⣬ɱ˽Ǳڻնɱ㱻С
Ϊԭ򣬲ŻʯвЩˣȴԼȥժãȻЩź
ֻҪǾˡ
ǳǳһЦϲòѣдһĨĽ֮⡣
ϫһ㿴׹ʯ֮䣬òҲһԵ˵ѽΪˡ
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Цϫ˵ƿ˳ϫ˼
˻һʯԶһ˳ϫǰԶЦ˳
ðҿɵóһλϫСˡҲܸӣûóϫѿ
Ͼǲŵһμ棬˵Ϊɲɮ濴棬δڣҲóϫеѿˡ
ãǾͳһϫֵܵա
ʯˬʴЦͻȻ֣ɽһλ洫ΪһϯȣҲһΪѵõˣ˵ǿҲ֡
ΪǺɽЩһһжôİԼ׼һЩȣֱǲܵ顣
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ǣʯƺԼΪϫֵܡûǰԾӣóϫҲΪá
Ǻһλ޽ɺһλ֮䣬ݺ͵λĲкε֮

ڴϸţϸܵƵ⡢һӮ㡢ӨӨҷė軹衭
ֺɲģڵ㡢ʯ˾ȵĿ£˳ϫһʳģը롢󡢻ԡ
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ԣŻѧԺͨһδγɫı֣ѧԺϹŶ͡øк֧֣ͬʦֵܵĺøкͳĽͬʱҲԼˡ
˵ڵѧԺеٲȻѾҶƺ裬ҪһЩ
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ЦЦƳһʯ˵
ԭŵУֹźʱڵֲ֮ԵЩԵУеʷеĺɵͳ£еǺʱڵʥ
ЩԵ֮УΨһܹǿߵģ֮
Ƿ֮У֤Ժʱ֮һԶ̤УѰ֤ķţıɽŮ洵̫Ͻ̵Ŀʼ棡
ȻҲϡгϡһЩ桢ԼһЩڻеħ塣
֮ģʮа˾Ųܻ֤ķţֻҪô˵ȷŵģĪ̤֮ϸ߲У⣬Ϊϴڣ
ҲǷ֮Ϊλκڣ޷ĵԭڡ

ǿ׷Ĵ磡


1328 ߱Ѫԭ
УٲȻͬߴڣ㲻࣬بų档
ǡߡܳΪϡ
֮ǵĿ⣬ѳ緶룬˸ߵĲΡ
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ڻ̫ʱڣӻе顢ħԶԳΪʱأʥ˻ģʷöʢʱڡ
ź飬绮֣Ѽܹ֡ԭڷ̫֮Խ
Ȼν඼ǡ񡱡񡱡һ࣬еȫͬ
Ϊִ֮ѾԱΪ񡱣

һϫ𵴣þ޷ع
ԭΪѾߴڣܣȴû뵽֮ϣз֮
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񾳻価ͷ
һУϫ̫ңԶԴȣɣǵ㡢ʯڣȷϴͷˡ
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һЦһɫԣ֣ü֮価ǻ۹ת
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̤ʥɫһƿڴǿǷ֮Թ֪УСô޴ⳡջԵУ
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δͷ֮ϣ»Ļɢһ⣬ȫ֣ƻãͷ
һ̫׹ɱΪڣӯ⣬ֻǣа֣
ЦЦһףһƲ°ڿգѭڣغ嫣Ϊʼᣬ
λͬʱɱɲ֮䣬һɹɿɲƴɢְ˷ʱɢ߱Ѫԭ޴ڵѹϢ
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ʯһȣ߱Ѫԭȥ
ٶԻ࣬߱ѪԭгʲôΣգλҲΪɵ
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ں󷽣ʼڿգɫԣԴҲǲҵ֡
Ψϫ˸Уλ£Ҳﲻʲôæֻ֮̽ܡ
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ȻڴʱʶУͼƬһ첨籩һ㽫һеѪ׹ǡʬĨɱɢһգ
ף
ȳϫһϾʹľ


1329 Ѫʬ
ϫȻ̧㡣
ȴ˼һΪ㱻߱ѪԭеϢֶ㽫㻽ѣû뵽ôͳѹˡ
˵⣬ѵ߱Ѫԭе벽ҲӰ죬Ӷǣ߻ħĪҪĴˡ
ϫһݣͷӦǡ
Ϊλ߷һУûпǹһ㣬ʱղǰٶȷЩðʧˡ
ҺãͼƬʱһΣʵˡϾղѪ죬׹ǶһĻʵ̫ɲˡ
СģѪʬˣ
أǰʯĴдһ˿ɱ֮
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𣡡
ণ
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ѲܳѪԨÿһռ䣬˲
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һһͨ콣ʯӿֱضɢɱƥϢ
һ޲̺򣬽նᡢʱͣͻ͹⣬Х˷

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ϫֻǰһʹҲǺȻѣƣҲδ̫ɲˣ
ۡ
ЩѪʬδͱû޾֮Уʬ屻촷ۡһѪ걬ըһա
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1330 ͼ
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ֹ͵ɫҲ΢΢仯û뵽ԭӦŻǰˣ
һԵĳϫ΢΢һλڵķӦҲˣ֮ͭ󣬱Ȼ֮ͨˡ
֪ʲôԭȴһǰˡ
Ǳ̫ϽЩ˸һѣǲֹˡԪʥ̫Ͻ̵ġ쾵иǵ֮
ʯޱ˵бһƬ
쾵ⲻ̫Ͻ֮̽ҲһӦҲɫһµһС
Ψϫһͷˮ쾵ʲôı


1331 ɽ
źǣ˿̵㡢ʯ˵ߣҲû˸ϫܣ쾵Ǻεȱˡ
ˣϫжϳﵽȲΣ˴֮俴Ʋʵʩչ˸ֶΣڱ˴ƺͶ
ȻĿǰʯһУ̫Ͻǰ뵽Ƿ֮С
²˳٣Ҳ뾡жˣһǰִ̨֮ϣһпɶˡ
ʯü
λҲһ֮е֮ٲҵƿأеʮа˾УֻһС˿Ի֤֮ء
֮ɫ˵£˵һߣɱķҿСΪףӦñ̫Ͻ̵жǵļƻ
ͬ⣬˴ŵسΪʼ֮أ³еķ֮ٴγνǸ̫ϽЩһȻпǰУþͲպɱˡ
ҲڣӨ׵Ķͷ˸ǻ۵Ĺ󣬡ǽ֮ҪȰǫִ֮̈̄ϣǺ̫ϽһζƺͿ⡣
ǳԣʯȻҲס
˼Ƭ̣㼴Ǿôɡ
£˲ٳɣʼж֮ǺһƬŰѪ뵽ͭڣʧ
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Ǹ뿪͵زһ׵˸ľҲһɸ߿۾Ӱƾ߳
Ȼǰˣʦ˼ҹȻûƭң˴λ˱ƵԵԽ󣬽Խ󡭡ֻǣСһУɾˡ
̤ʥѪͭţ׺ϲһĨɫ
ˣӶôܷ꣬񣬻Ҳ̫û˼
ٴ̾һţٴλһĨڰ磬ٿȻ֮ͨŻڡ

һƬգƯ޴һƬ㡣
ϫǰһĻʱҲݺһ
Բǿգȴǿûʲô𣬵֮в򣬻һƬƬƯĴ½ɽ
ÿһƯĴ½򣬴Ĳ˼飬һɽ֮ͬУΡ嫣һĺǿӿʣ˳ϣبŲϢ


Ϣ
һж˳ϫ
Ƿ֮
һƬصգһƬԺ֮˲֪ǰѰ֮ĻԵ֮أ
ͬʱϫҲע⵽Ưϡ½ϡɽϣԶϧҩԣһ֮Уɫգӯһױȵ
УҲһļµϢȻһƬУҲɱޱȡ
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ڳϫԺ˼֮ʣһɿֲϢԶһӿǵֶǺȻһͷӴޱȵݣ˫գڱʮﷶΧһ۾ž޴㣬һƬ

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ͷ֣ϫҲһһȿֲ̫ݣ֮ֻźεȿɲĴڣ
һͷȻ˲֪£ڣԳ䵱һζϡ

أʯ͵̤նֺ̽ݺһץһδѳգ㸲ʮﷶΧһɲǼ䣬ͽס
أ
ϧʯ併طһͨ˻ӴȻȼɫ棬Ȼһա
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ڴˣʯ⣬෴ǸһĨЦ⣬ΪѾһƻǸȡӡ
ϫףԭ֮ǰһͷһͷѪʬģʵҪ߱ѪԭϵѪʬҪࡣ
ҾˣȽһһҡʯЦ˵
ԶЦͷ
ϫȻҲû
߰ɣһ·ֻ»ơѪʬԼһЩɲմˣһСһЩ
ʯƺ֮ǰѾо֮һУһʹųϫǳɳ۶ȥ
˵Ƿ̨ʹڷ֮֮أǴ˵е֤طͲڷ̨֮ϡ
Ҫִɲס
ΪһƬУڱڸ֮Ҳ޷ݳʲôԤ׺׼
һ·ϣʱǿ󿰱ѪʬܹɱơԼһЩδ֪Ķ
Ժ̤֮֮ڲ֪ж٣ɽһ붼һ·ϣΨһС˷ִ̨֮ܵǰ
һ·ֱ֮䡱
ԢⲻԶȻڴˣǲСգҲ䣬޷Ҵ棡
һ·ϣǰеٶȲ죬ȻԶԣԳϫ˵ʯǴʱٶѿ˲ˡ
УǾ޴Ư½ԼһеΡɽ
ǲδȻЩطັޱȵҩɲģʯȾ磬һıѾȤȻὫһпС
ϫȻ;౦ĶѣҲǴеĿǷ̨ܸרṩѼʱˡ
ɳԼĪһʱ䡣
ͻȻ֮䣬ǰ·ʯ͵㣬ҲڴʱԶһΡޱȵɽһͻȻɶ
ϸȥɽ·ȻһߴɵѪʬ
ԼĪ֮ڣͭף¶ƤѸɺԣҲѿήȴʯӲ̴棬Ԩ
ԶԶһһ֧̫ͭɽȻǿǼϱƶģ
һȺںµѪʬϿһյɽƶǵһĻƾס
ΪϫͷƤǣɽ֮ϣһǧɸߣڻϢеΰӰϥ俴ģǻɢĿɲƣȴҪѪʬҪǿٱֹ
ʬû뵽ȴڡ
ʯɫһ
ɽ֮̾Ӱ֮еʬ֮ЩѪʬҪɲ
ʬҲǿǰһʬʵֻӵоˣѶԸһ˱Խ˵ɫ䲢š
ǵǰ·ѾһɽҪͨⲻ˻ᷢһսˡ
սپڴ˵ؾ˵ᱻ˳ˣδ㿴óϫֵܣҺʦȥԸͷʬ
ʯɱϣ
¡
ȻжԶĻУٴɽƾնֱ֣ѹȶ
һɲǣɽļǽǵȥ·


1332 Ѫ
ɽƿնļ֮أ·׷
֮ǰһɽһɽ֮£ֱǧߴɵѪʬɽ֮ϣֱһʬ
һĻͻأʯ˽Զ΢΢ɫ䡣
Զǲвˣ
ƺһ֮УʯĿ⿪ؼ䣬ܣҫ۳ʢԡ
һĻ̫ΣڵȺһ㣬иеһ˿
ͷʬԼѪʬûиеѹƴɱһǿ԰Ȼġ
Ψһĵľǣһоǲһ壿
һ̨ͨĵ·֮䡯̫ϽҲǰڴɱǺпܡ
һ߷ɿ˵һҲתΪ־ɹ֮£ƻá
Ψһɻǣ̫ϽôЩʬ
ü΢һзâ
󷨣
һΣȴǳϫشģ𾪹һ˲жϳɽķλ˿ܷ죬ķ˼˴ңӦȻһ塣
ֻǱϿģʯҲܹжϳ
ϫָ󷨣ˣɽ֮⣬һ󷨽ƵĲȻʣ۾
µǣһĽƲǲٿһбʵĸԴڡ
˳ϫĽͣʯ˼һɲǼҲ׹ɫһζţɱڳЩʬҲпֵܵĹ
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ɱ
ڳϫ˷ɿݾʱһĴ뻮һħźͬһʱɱѪ֮𵴰˷ơ
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һɲǼ䣬ƬػѪɷͷųصĿֲϢ
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Һãһˡ
䣡
һĨҰɫ̺֮Уϯ˷
ԥɱ˵
ͬʱʯһХ裬ҫƥһ㣬ֳ֮ƿնϡ
ǾʯʦֶԷͷʬҺδԶԸһʣѪʬĨɱҲ٣
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֮䣬췭ظ䣬ǳ飬Ǹɽ磬һ֮أ˲䱻һգ
ȲεĽ棬ϫʶͳͳʧȥ˸֪һƬʹʲôҲֻܸоԼڸŵ㲻Ųתơ
кȻѣûλڣԼĴöôˡ

ͬʱһƬսȫ汬ʮ֮⣬һӰ
£ˡ
ȴؼλһ㣬һɸӲƿǬµ߷緶
ˣ̫Ͻ洫ͽλеڶ͢λеĽЦԼ̫ǧ衣
ÿһλԶڣ
̫Ͻ̵ֶȻֶ̫֮Ѫʬֱ԰
ǧڣ뷢ҰףüĿһӨӨȣ̸ֹ֮䣬Աߵ͢ͽЦΪά
㲻ʲôֻϣɱŮ洵ʯԼδǴ˴жؽ˳衣
͢Ȼڣ뷢񣬴һѪۣһߣƿ
̫ŲϺᣬбѪټΪ̫Ͻ洫ͽڶĴڣһһ֮䣬Īһָʹϵơ
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͢Ƴһۣü̾Ϣֻǿϧ
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һɲǣǧĪһһ˿ƵȻϢɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿЦǲ֪ģѲ˵Ҳ޷
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ˣǱҲǷӦ죬Ͳ͢ԭӰһͻһĨɫӰҪӴܶȥ
Ļ᲻ǧˣԼпҴ棿
̫ϽЩļһκεĽ֮ġ
ѣ㲻֪һ˿©ʲô𣿡
Ȼһǣһжǰ·ͱǽЦԷһ˿Ц⣬ᣬɿԼĿȴһƬĮȻ飬綢һ
һɲǼ䣬ɫѿޱȣǿԼһӲЦݣ»м£Ͳ߶λˡ
˵ʱһĨɫ¡ͷųɵĺɫɷ˫һ̽˺գݺݳԷʺȥ
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һĻ磬𶯲ɣɶ͢ͽЦ˶ԣȴһ΢飬ɫĮȻ顣
λ׼һΣ㹻ɱЩһ˰ɡ
ĮȻУ͢Ŀңң˼Զһսڳ


1333 䶸

˵ʱ͢һӣһɫתӿһɹɽӲӵ֮Ѫӣնȥ
ǽɫѪ̺һͷųɲƣΪӣȻͨŵĻͻգĿġ
ЩѪԶǧͱλڣ
ǣ֮ǰҲǺɵͳеһ֮һ֮𣬿ȴɲǼɥ֣֮͢ȥǡѪҺһΪҲ׼ֱһĪ󱯰
̫Ͻ̵ֶΣ
ᣬΪĿģ޼ɣ
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ңһӲӵѪӻ磬գӿԶõġֶУ͢Űһ
ҿ˿Ԫʥ֮ɱһɵ÷һֽˡ
͢Ц˵
̰ɱ˵ĵĴѣһ֤֣ΪǵӣҲǹġ
һԵĽЦм
΢΢üʦֶ֣λ׼ҪĨɱʯǣƺԾЩ
ʦ÷ģ˴ǰŵأʦݵŮ洵׼ֶΣԲصؽ쾵Ҳұܡ
͢ɫһƬȻţѽ֮УɱڣҲ練ơҪģǾȽˡ
˵⣬ӿֳһ˿ȵĹ󣬡ʱЯ㱦ɾǵˣ
˵̲סЦ
ЦһԣҲЦѣ羲һȴĮȻһƬ

Ҳ֪˶á
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ҰУƯѪʬѪա׹ǡѵյش񱩵ʱڹڳţǵصѪɱ֮ȴһʱ̻֮ȥ
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ϣдһĨڵĳء
ϫŻȻȴһκˣһйȻ̫Ͻ̵ֱʣ¾ƣԷҪһ򾡣ɱڴˣ
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ңͷԭѱɱƬʬһҲʼָۡȻڽɫĹֶ֮С
һ̣ϫһϣܹоֻһմϣҪԼ
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ָоܲܣ
˱ɰڲȥһ˿
ϫϲָоĵͬҲûλԣԼһֻᶼ硣

ϫ쳹һ֣ȴĿ쾡£ΪֻܸıһУٲζĸо
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һͼ۳ͣһɿֲĲϢֹѳϫڵֶ֮һգǺ¡һ⣡


1334 ɫ
飡飡飡
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ʯɫ԰ףһƬȼհ㣬ǿתɫʯɫĻֿ˷Ĺ
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һεĿֲɢһɲǣʯλڣסһӿһ˿⡣
ǷӦֻһ쳹֮䡣
һɲǣؼͻȻʢһɫÿһʮ꣬Բ͸Ө
ǣЩһƬƵһһ֮ͷųͨơ
һĻ̫ˣɫÿһռ䣬ƬضȾʥ嫡
ǣ
ʯһбһԡ

ǵҰУЩɫؼţͷųһɹɿֲԹԣǽֶϤɣ
ԶԶȥͺЩֶһӿ뵽һڶУôȻôɡ
ʼգЩֶǵû˵ɫһ˿ڰ㣬ӿ뵽˺ߵĻУ
ǡڡĵط
ৣ
ʯ˵Ŀˢˢһ࣬˳ϫϣÿ϶һĨݡ
ΪǺȻһ
һĳߣͨѪڽڲӡһӰȻÿһУһƻƮٿ߹ڹŷжģٿŮ裬ǧ˰̬Ƿ
ʯУȴһƬƴѪսŭʥưѪ꣬ضʬ׹ǣ
˿ڳϫϢѪڣӿһɹɿɲεɢؼ䣬ܻɫ
֮
ɲ֮䣬ʯϳ˴νɫѾǻȻ֮ɫӿһĨ𾪣û뵽˽ڳϫˣ
첻ң
ʯ̲סЦ˷
֮ǰѴע⣬Ҫȡ˵Ļ·˭ؼһ̣Ѱٵһ˿
ҲЦϲһƬ̫֮Ͻͷʹһ
˵⣬˼ŵ㣬ЦֲִҪϫСһǰĪ㵽һУ
˿ҲǸޱȣüۺЦΪֳϫڵƣ˿̾ѻָƽٲ֮ǰĿңص״̬
Ļȴ΢΢Цҿ㲻ЩȴһɲѰɱȡ
ȷѰɱȣĸ޽ɣܾȵλʯЦζԳϫ͡


1335 ֮
ɫʢƮҷÿһУһкµֶ֮ɣһɹһӿ뵽˳ϫڵ֮С
ˡˡ
ֶԽԽ֮࣬ͨѪ죬һɵ΢ţٵ߿㣬쳹ء
糱֮
һɲǣǡֶ󡱾Ҳܵţ״̬
ۣ
ǵصѪʬһܵ
ֶ֮ͬҲΪһɫɱĶÿһɫУͷųһƿɲɱɱ£ɲ֮䣬¾˲֪ٵѪʬˡ
ʯ˵Ϊ磬һĻʱҲɾ̾ѣǵֶ֮֮Ŀǣ
ǵļʶ̫ʱһƣ̫Ͻ̺ͻ֮ĶԹ֮
Ϊˣ̫Ͻ̷ټڻ֤֮ʱ˺һѡ
ϧ̫ϽԾδ֣֮ܽҲ̫Ͻ̵һĲ˭Ҳû뵽ɫʵ̫뵽˳ϫС
ҲְɣܰǼ쾵֣Ǿٺòˣ
ʯһȻĿԶŵһͭžɫ価ɱ
֮ǰȵĲɱѻһŭ𣬴˿̾Ťתٰסˡ
¡
ֳɫʯ̤գȥ
Ҳ߰ɣô˻ᣬ뿪˵أҿЩȲҪ̫ϽЩһˣ
Ťͷ㣬˵ɫҲǻָ˹֮߳𣬱ȵزˡ
ãҿɵտһˡЦƳԵĳϫһۡ
ʱĳϫѻָѣǵĶԻһʱȴ޷жΪڣֶ֮⣬ơ
޷ٿ˵
⻹ǳϫһ֮ǵȻ˺ԼˣҲķʲô⡣
ֻЩ棬֮ͻȻһ̲춯ˣ
ϫܹжʱһʵ㣬ΪԷҲϳ˴˽

ͬʱ
˵ʮ֮С
͢ͻȻɫһ䣺ã
ôˣ
Цһ
Ȼǵ֮Ϣ
͢ϸ֪һɫʱһ˽˵̫Ͻ̵ֶ֮
ʲô˽ʧ٣ǻٵǾŻɶδѰٵõŮ洵У
֣֮ЦҲɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽չһʱᷢȱˡ
֮
̫Ͻеһ̣γʳѰ
ʯδǿɲӦӵд˽˽ĸ֪
͢һǿ԰еķ꣬üૡ
ԣ©һˣ
Ƭ̺͢лȻų棬ֱҪȼղ񷣬ޱȣȻڣֲ쾵Ҳ޷Էڣ
ڣô˵֮ϢҲסˣԭˡЦһ˲ҲһС
ڴʱ͢͵һƺߣ۾ȻɫɲǱѿʯȻڴ쾵ע⣡
һıʣýЦҲЩ⧲
ȴһεľĲֻ֣Ҫˮһˡ
һδ֪񣬾ȻӰ쵽ǵһв֣֪˭ɱŲɣ
еȲΣ͢᲻ףδ֪ζűһϸСֻҪץҲŤתǬˡ
͢ٳɣɫ͵ӿɵĻ⣬лߣ͵سԶ̽һץ
¡
ʮ֮⣬һͭž˺գһɲ֮Ѿʱգ뵽͢С
ߣһβѾʧܣٶֻټˣ
͢ɫһӣһ泤·ڽչֱͨɲ֮ʧ
һΣֻûȾѻˡ
Цһ̾ΪʣӰһһĨˮ磬ƿնȥ

¡¡
ԱյɽһգɨΧգ֮һſŴǱ飬һƯе½غȻ𣬳溧ޱȡ
ˣǡֶ󳹵ױƳ
ߣӵĵǿ죡
̳ɢУʯǹΰӰҫ۳ʢԳ֮
ĿңңԶջûȥ׷
һսУֹĴδҲܵһЩƣҪһˣһ·׷ɱȥˡ
ʯʦֲļһڷ֮УȻкͶԷĻᡣ
Ҳ˹˵
ʯ˵ͷˣϫֵôˣ
ἰϫһЦ޴󰭣ֻʱ޷ж
ȥ
ʯתߣ֮ǰֻǿɽϣԳϫշмӣϵ̸϶񣬱ϾԷֻһ޾ɣ̫Զˡ
һʣϫٲȻھһʯԲǰǰԴϫ
ˣ΢΢һЦҲȥ
˼ʯƣ֮ǰϫԳϫ֪ҲԴδȻһ·϶ԳϫΪչˣҲֻǳһǰӦе̬ȡ
ɲΪˣǳϫӵе֮£ҽϫѰ

ʱ򣬵֮¹ڳ֮С
ϫ֣ڼȡ˴ֶ󣬵֮ƺһЩ仯ɾȥ̽ȴ̽Ȼ
Ȼ󣬳ϫڷ֣ԼֹܹжˣΪһ˿һԲ͵ĸоƺҪͻһ㡣
һϲǲ⣬δӷ֮򷵻ɽʱֻԼ̤ʥ֮·ʥ֮ˣ
û뵽һ֮УֹͼƬ춯ԼЩ֮ѪϮ֮Ҳһ֮֡
֮ǰһУһΰ㣬ϫ˿Ҳ㱲ѡ
ǴжϳͼƬ춯ӦǺ֮йأ֮춯̫Ͻ̵ֶ֮йء
ΣһվǻΪˡ
ϫһ۾
ȻͿԼߣ㡢ʯλڣԶںЦԼ̬ºͣһĨĵĹ֮ɫα
óϫЩܳϴ޽ɲ֪٣һܵλڵһ¹ػ
ȸ֣˾Դ
ϫֵܣǾһϫѣʯЦԼ֮⡣
û㣬ҵֻɱ֮ˡҲһЦ
Ҿ˵ˣɲѰܹġգ۾ҲһЦģ
λһͨޣԳϫ֮˿ҲЩ˼ˡ


1336 ںϵͼ
˼鲻˼λڵĴͣϫлǼΪ˵ģܹܵһ֮Ǳ˴֮Ĺϵֿһ
û֮ǰĿףһĽ顣
ǳϫΪ˵ĵط
˵ظշһʲô⣬ǻѰһƧڣһٳҲ١
һѯϫ޴֮ʯ
Ȼ֮ǰһʣʯʶķķ֮Уǵһλġ
ڷ̨ϵĻԵŬȡ㹻ˣΪһԵԼҲȥˣǿ̫㡣
£ʯ£뿪˴˵ء
һ
ǱһƯеĴ½ϣһľϿء
ˡ
ʯһ䣬ɫʯһĻƬϿȫ֣âһ㼴뵽˳С
ȥϿȻϿȣȴѽʯһ˵ϢڱһգʲôʣɫʯҲγһɽƣǷУٰȫ
һУʯһڸղŵսУǻٶܵһЩƣҪһʱ޸ʱ򣬰ȫȻҪġ
Ͼš֮䡱ƺŵ򣬳̫գ޸ƣ˭Ҳҵˡ

֮ǰʯһӣóһѡ顱ķݣÿһԼĪǧָ֮Լͳϫ
ЩԱɱѪʬ֮⣬Ŀų֡ġ״ͨŨһɬϢӣΪʥԪġ̼ʬһҲһһֵ
ʯڶԣǰ֮ġ顱һšʥԪġĲƸ
ɶԳϫԣֱͬһĪԵ
ǡ顱ǡʥԪġ԰벽Զһֲɿܵջϫ˵ҪЩԻһ󲨰벽ľˣ
ԭڣȱ裬̫ߣֵ
ϫǣЩԼлûȣٴαͼƬȡߣ丵βʣһŶû¡
ǧ֮ġ顱һšʥԪġ
һ̣ϫҲס鴤ѣеһ˿ۡ
ԭżԼòЩûѧԺУҲ䵱һһºЩ벽ϹŶ꣬˭롭ôգûˡ
ȻóϫΪơ
Һã˳ϫһϲ
ʯ̿ʼ޴ʱ򣬵㽫ϫеһߣһ˳ϫС
ǺͼƬѾãǰˡЦŴЦٻ⡣
ϫһжУҺû
ϵѾȹһˣοҲҪġ
ϫüĬòʵǡʱܹ֪жΪλһ޽룿
££Өϵһ˿ΣЦӯӯ֪̲סʡ
˵⣬룬ʵ֮ǰҲ˽㣬Ҳֻ˵ѧԺһһϫɺȴǰδңҪҰеĺͼƬĴ۾ǡŵһѰٵ֤ķţ
Ӧˣ
ϫ̲סʵѲ²⵽˵Сˡݡ
Ƿ֮أ֮Уĸܾܾ
㱧ϥһݵϣĿżԶգЦοһͼƬһ֮ؾԻ
Ͳƭ
ϫٴ̲סʵЩ޷Է˼
ƭ𣿡
Цʵ
ϫûشֻ̾ϢȻҵңҵѰ֤֮Ĺؼ
Ȼص˵ͷȻǿСʦ㣬Բƭҡ
ϫЦӣһеԵɡ
һУȻԼλʦֱʣΪͼƬԵʣҵ˵㣬Ȼ֤֮Ϊһף׵ĹؼԼϡ
ɣԻ÷֮أԼҲԻúͼƬҲ˫Ӯˡ
ɹؼڡʦƾʲôô϶Լһ԰Ѱٵ֤ķˣ
Ҫ֪Լ֮ǰֶ֮û˵ģ
ƫƫأˣȻҵԼԼһ֮ˡ
һڳϫ̫಻ȷĳɷ֣䵱λڻһԼȫŵģʱóϫҲѹɽԴһȦ
һϫ˼ãסʵ
ûһ£ֱЦŴϣο۶֪Ͱգɽλһ
һΣûڵصˡɽ֣
ϫЦһλΣ֪øеһˡ
Ҳ֪ʦôģҲ֪ͨԼһϫһ̾Ͳٶ롣
ʦֹһΣÿһεж⣬óϫȷţʦ϶ΪԼãԼΣ֮ˡ
ĴɽССʦܡҶûѹҲҪʲôˡ
Цŵ٩˳ϫһ䣬ͷһ࣬ʼĴ
֮ǰڡֶУϫһ˺ʯҪز٣˿Ҳòץʱ޸
ˣһһɡ
ϫһԺѰһƧطϥء
СһУ¶һ״ĺͼƬطУɢһɹ϶ԭʼϢ
ԼĵͼƬһΣֻԼľϲ
һ̣ϫҲһȣհָеĺͼƬʶ˵һ첨ǽеĺͼƬȡߡ
䣡
ɲ֮䣬ʶеĺͼƬȫںһ͵زһɰϵϢǵأڳϫԺը
ֻɬصͼ縡Ӱһ־˵ٶȣڳϫԺ֮֡
һɲǼ䣬ǧ±Ǩ
ظ٣ţ桭һַڻڵÿһ羰󣬶ڲ˼سܻ֡
ָоɲ֮䣬ǧĸְƴľóϫ˶һֿ챬ըĸо
䣡
ϫԴһ𣬳ʧȥ˸֪
һУʶУɫϥƳӣһܵ㣬ûвκε
һҲû𸽽λڵע⡣
ˣˣˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãµĳ˯մһϫʶһǿ޶İ
ɣԣһƿǶ㡣

ڳϫһ֮ʣֻ¡һĵ֮Уһݴףһɽġ֮ڶ
ȣ
ʢ
˷ڣ
ĵĶȾɽӲӵ͸֮ɫ
Ȼ󣬳ϫע⵽һĿĻ档


1337 ص
һƽƮһƵصƣܡ
һüĿ㣬ӤСˣϥڵ֮У´ӨӨ⣬ʥԲϢ
С˺һɹɾʵʰġ֮ѭƽ⣬ƮڣСӳĵһo㡣
Ӥ֮
ɲ֮䣬ϫжϳԼΪһɡĻꡱ֮ɱ䣬ˡӤ
ҲϫĿɿڴԭڡ
֮ĵĻꡢӤĴ󾳽硣
Ϊ̫翣伫֮ķţ˼ʱʮ֮˾Ŷ֪ʲô֮
֪֮ģҲֻ򵥵ΪΨնɱ߲۵֮޷š
ϫǴӷлáţҲ֮ܽĻ֮ˡ
źǣӵ֮ķţϫֱղţѾĻ֮ɼ֮Ǻεȼѡ
ڣ֮ȻһӾͻӤ׶ΣУһóϫβ𾪣
Ӥ簡
֮ǰϫ˽ģҪ֮ҪƿǰӵӤεΪβˣ֮
˵һżס˲ٰ֪벽Ĳ˵ˣȥ֮ˡ
񣬳ϫֻ޽ɺΪȴѾˡӤεΪе𺳡
ǴȥֻЩ벽εϹŶҲᱻ°͵ϲɣֱǾף
һУȻǺͼƬ֮ˡ
ܿ죬ϫ侲ںϵͼƬ֮Լĺôˡ
ʱ״̬֣Ѿָȴ۾Ǵһת״̬ڴƺ
ΪҪǣϫԼ޷ֹһУ
һεµľתȻȻûеκεĲʣһ崺硢黳ĸо
ԵľУϫܹܵԼΪһˮǴߵٶȽڽ
ȡڻڱǡ
ڷڡںһ־˵ٶɱ䡣
ƫƫأϫûκεĲʣɻɻʵϢҲûΪıǶҡ
һУˮɡ
˲ţ
Ҫ֪ϫ޺֮󣬾ʱ䣬ɾڣΪȴʸߣ֮䣬ȫΪѾʼڱȹ̡һ˿Ҫƾף
⡭ѵҲǺͼƬĺôô
ϫ˿ҲЩˣڸո֮ͻƽ뵽Ӥ֮ΪѴﵽԲز˽ʥɵףһп̫ˡ
̲סעתƣʶеĺͼƬϡ
ȻںĺͼƬ˿ǹ϶ڵıϣһ㵭͸Σţתţ޹
һʼ֮򣬺ͼƬͿʼ춯Ϣȡһſŵ飬ǡֶУְϫ֮ѪĳٵͼƬȡˡʥԪġ
գں˵ͼƬ֮һжõɱ䣬óϫ֮У־ϲ
Ӥε֮
Ϊ
һж֮ͻȻ˵ˮɡ
һҲͬóϫʶͼƬһεı䶯ȻôˣһںͼƬ£ԼͻʥɲΣ
¡
ڳϫͷʱʶ׻㣬һڣһ̣Ժӿֳһ󡢹ϡޱȵͼ
һ̨
ڻУڤͨڣ֮ͨһ·
ǰϰС
ϣһ۾ͷ
Ǽ̨̫ϡڻ£ׯĬ۱±Ǩ޳Ȼһɾη֮⣬ֱƺ޲ùĤݡ
⡭òǷ̨ɣ
ϫԺһһ̣Ұͳ˼̨֮ϣһƬҝ̫֮绹һƬ硣
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿһĨӲӵİ񵥣بĻᣬչڻ֮Уǡƺب֮
ڻڣ³ϫƴ޷ŵһ񵥵ݣϾʲô
ʲô֮񣿡
ϫȻ
¡
֮Уһֻ۾
һֻ۾һɲǣϫ׹ߣ庮䣬̲ס˸
һֻ۾
ڡ䡢䡢ĮȻķ˸ظתơ¸桢ǨС
ԶԶһϫһıԼǰƵĿֲо
ʲô
ۣ֮
ĳֲڵӣ
óϫĪ㤣һɼµŭͱ޲һȭֻ۾
ˣ
ڳϫŭ£Ѫ߬ȭͷҪжʱԺ˵һеĻ涼Ѻһա

һַӦϫ͵شһһ۾˹
ôˣ
ϫСѣòħ˰ɣ
һе𣬳ϫ̧һȴ㡢ʯλڣ˿̶ԼߣɫٶһĨɫ
ѹʱʱһ
ղųϫ̫쳣ϥɫȴʱʱüֱһӱϢôأ߻ħһ㡣
Ȼʯǵע⡣
ûʲô
ϫһЦ˵ȴأһĨŭܿͱѹס
֮·Ī⣬Īļһȱħʱħϣڼ
ʯһۿϫΪ̶ʱ࣬üΪղŵ״֮¡
лʯֽ̻塣
ϫ˵ͷ˿ԺһңɫЩ㱡
ע⵽һĻ㵱Ըû¾ͺã㻹ȾĵϢһȲˣ״̬׻ָǱǰ̨
˵ţʯʹһɫһתȥ

ϫ̲סٴ˼ڣԼǳ׻ָ侲
ղһĻĻ棬ֱĪ⡢½룬Ϊεʱһֻ۾ʱо˷ŭ壿
ǸƵļ̨ǷǷ̨ôǼ̨֮ϵĻУصһبչİʲô
Ź֣һбȻǺͼƬĸӦˡǣΪҪֳЩˣ
һɻӿϳϫͷһڽüҲס
գʲôҲûƲ
Ҳû취飬ִ̨ʱ򣬾ܸһˡ


1338 ʥ
Һãһжǻþ
ϫӤΪѾԲزĴ޾Ϊжʱо̤ʵ١
Ψһźģһûܰսһͻʥ֮ˣϫѾˡ
һ֮
ʯƻָϣٶ뿪һƯеĴ½ϡ

ৣ
Уʯһȣȫٷɳۡ
ӹһƯ½һϵͣЪɶʱ䡣
һ·ϣǼʱʱ̶̿ŸգѪʬϮжѵʱϯΣ뵽˲֪εУþһֶΣƽ
УϫûܵʲôЩպɱλڸȫ
ˣΪһԹߣϫܹܵԽվԽֲλǿ߶òȫ䱸СԶԡ
ջȴǷƿɳ¡
Ͼʯǵ˼ҲûѰϣһŵľǾִ֮ˡ

һ졣
һ˻ɳһƬǺ֮ϡ
ƬǺΪܼʯܡǳѭɫ⣬һƬİ쵴һ㣬Ϊ׳ۡ
ʯǰһ߾ܣһ˽ж
ΪǵƲ⣬죬ͿԵִǷ̨֮ǰʱҪǵģǸκ־ӶѰٵ֤ķš
һжУֱȻ̫ϽһˣǺŵеͳУȻҲǰԶ׼顣
һ࣬ϫ̵йʥɾİ
Էڣһѧͨţۣ֮Ⱦѻϫܴˡ
һ·ϣ˸·ͶԿգϫһ̵ֱйеˣҲǶջ񣬳éٿ֮С
ϵ
̸ʱϫ΢΢һ
ʥɾǿҪģǽյĴ޷ϤںϣԼһ
ڵ㲦νʥɣѾ̤ͨʥ·ϣ֮ܲ£ӵԼĴ
ϵʱɵĴ޷Խ࣬ԽǿͬɵĴ޷Խǿϵ֮ӳҲǿ
ϵ֮󣬱㱻ʥ򡣡
ѰʥɾǿߣյʥСһĴΪʥˮʥȵȡ
˵⣬㳯Զʯ죬Ů洵ӣϵʱѡľǹʥǰյĴ޷ȫ֮УӶٳԼĹʥ
ΪÿյĴ޷ͬǿҲͬ䶼ŵǹʥȴȫһ
ִ֮ʥɾ֮ÿʥյʥƶһɶǶһ޶ģΪǲԼĵ
Ľ𣬳ϫʥ֮УȻôི
أϫʵ
ԣݸΨһ;֤ԼյʥˣʥԽǿԽ󣬷̤żУ˵ΪӣִǸʱȻˡ
ϫ˵ͷҲп֮·ϣߵԽԶԽǼѻɬ˵ԼǴԲɻʥɡżûп룬Ҫﵽһʱֲ֪ҪûѶʱ䣬ˡ
ټϴ˵еķ֮Ǿ͸֪²ִܵˡ
Ȼһеǰǡţ
ϵ֮ʱյĴ޷Խܾ࣬Խ󣬿ԼȵðյĴϤΪ޷ˡ
ϫĬĬ˼ţԼ·ޱȣǺϵȻҲд޷Ϥ֮УƿԼķ֮ʥ
䣡
ԶУشһֲսɢеһſ򶼾ҡ
ǣȻڶԾ
ǰʯȻֹ̧ͷԶڣƿؿռ֮龰
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ͬңԶƲƲ죬Щ㬵˵ϴα̫Ͻ鹢ڻԺ޲þ͢ͽЦ
ʱ򣬵ͳϫҲ̸ֹͣĿ˹ȥ
ϧǣ֮۲̽ϫҲԶս
̫֮Ϊ̫ܲ̽ķΧҲΪޣǻڶвһˡ
սһǺɵͳеԪǧ֣һλڣ̫ħĺᡣ
һ͸ϫһȴһԪڵ̤ʥںʱڣһԪҲܹŮ洵ȻһչһպڰϧһԪȷʱ٣ͳûˡ
Ȼûע⵽˵̤ʥʱϫɫ͵΢΢һ䣬˵ʲôϫûȥ
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ԣ֪һԪͷţʵ֮ǿֻħܹǣƺʹѹģͷţȻЩмܲסˡ
ǰߣʯ͵һüƸӦʲô
ڰаæ
ͬ
ԣϫвһ̲סܲܡ̤ʥһѣ
ৣ
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ȴΪλ˷ӦæϫҸղ˵ôʱڣŮ洵һԪ֮ĹϵͬͺڰĹϵ˴˲Ը
ϫŻȻʱ֪Լղ˵һͿ̤ʥȻһԪڵģԼȴȥʯǰæԾǺˡ
ϫû뵽ǣʯȴ˼ϫֵܣͷţϵ
ϫҲܻ䣬ʵʵ˵˼ʱ̤ʥһæ
ɣʯһ񣬵ЦŵͷȻˣǾͰһѡ
ϫһЩ⡣
ȴЦ˵Թźڰû˺ڰһ˵ǵˡ
˵ʱѾԽµһƬǺٳԶȥ
¡¡
ֲĲڻռ쳹
ˣϫڿԶط̤ʥǿߵӰһ֮ǰݺء
һڰ޸ÿһλӶȻһſ飬ըѣ֮ͣ
Ķ֣һͷ̫ħ꣬ڣ棬߾Ҳ̤ʥ¡
ȻͷħǵеԪǧˡ
һ˽ɫꪣӿϯ˷ǽ̤ʥѹƵ޷Ųơ
ʱ龰ǣλڣսָأɲನǰﷶΧʯȫ촷ۡը飬ޱȡ
Եǣ̤ʥڱѹ״̬ÿһҪͻΧһסʱֱѹ
սܲ


1339 ͳ֮
䣡䣡
սңֳʢԳ˷
λ֮ǰĶԾǵȳþݡ
ͷħ꣬ô򲻹ӣϱһԸˣ泤˰
̤ʥȣ羪װէ֣Уڰ޸նԷһһ߽⡣
ߣţЩںڰʥԨʦӻҵȷκβ㣬ûʦҿջʲôʱ򣡡
ǧߡ
˵ʱҲƽǧع⣬Юſ񱩵֮ݺݴѹ̤ʥ
ȵ̤ʥμ穣ֻܱʵ
Σӹڰʲô
̤ʥŭһս̫ˣȥԼ˵п˵ˡ
ٺ٣ţƺҲûãǷ֮ңʦҲǰ㣡
ǧ͵һЦϣƽɱصһƿգ̤ʥӰġ
Ⱥ߷Ӧƽٴκɨ¡һ̤ʥϣ͵³һڽӲӵѪ
ΣӻȥҲҪɱ򣡡
ԼȻѪ̤ʥһ±ŭ˫Ѫŭţǲǧֵ׷ɱһԾֳֺڰ޸ͳһȥ
ৣ
ȻӰӶһβٿȻıһ㣬ٴνӰһδա
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Ϊղſλϳ֣
һĻ̤ʥҲһ׹һУ˿̹˲ô࣬һЦ͵سһȥ
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1340 ֮
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ϫ˵ͷٶԡ
ܹܵž̨ԽԽʯ㡢̤ʥǵ˼࣬Ͼм顣

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ͬʱ̤ʥˣϺǿɽɢޣ޺ޣԱߵˣԶǲͬɵͳִߡ
ʵܣʯҲϵóԷ
ϾŵҲûټϱ˴˶ڣһݣܽԷ³߰˰ˡ
ֻ޷ȷϵǣԷУмѾͶ̫Ͻ̵¡
ߣղѾ϶ˣûһİգ˭ҺҴȥǱ̤ʥϺӡ޺ԣƤһм˵
Ѿˣ
ԣʯ˽ԶһݣɫأڣÿһȻˡ
񣬾ڷ֮Уܲľ
Ŷļù
̤ʥƺ޺Ϊʵ
ڵķЦ׵ͷܡԼǸΡ
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ʯ̧ȥʱϳǻǺɵͳȾ塣
ô˵Щȥ͢Ѿͨ˷֮ִﵽ˷̨ü


1341 ս֮
˻һϫҲЩš
޵֪ҲƲЩԸðɱ֮ҲҪǰѰٵ֤֮Ͳڷ̨ϡ
Ǳ̫Ͻǰõʵˡ
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˵Ƿ֮飬ΣأνǾһλǧĪҪðȻˣһжһѲԣжΣ
ʯԣĿһɨЩɵͳ֮ջҡͷܾˣЩΣգҸ֮Ļ졣
˵գǴ㡢̤ʥϫ̤˴ŻУӰ˲Ϣʧ
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֮ɱأҲݲ˼롣

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ȻЩͭսٲһҪɱϫĴ޾ڣɱһֱ϶⡣
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ϫȴǻȻûע⵽ʶеĺͼƬ˿ʲôһ룬ٴδӳѣһ˿ײĲ


1342 
ʬɽѪ٣
ʯĴ£Ǳֱսһսɱȥ
ͭս̫࣬󣬺ηس߳谭ǰĲ
ԶԶȥһ˾ͬһҹۣڵ˵ĺкֱײʱڸû취սġս
ʱѾˣɱ
κʯ쳤Хף쳹˷˵ʱ֮ƿգ꣬ϯȥɲǼɱ¾ǧͭս
Ǳһڣɱһս޷һ߳Ҳζһˣڴˣ
ʱû˸ҵˣ׷ʩչ˸Կұ졣

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ǵģ˿ڳϫҰУսеһжܻ˷ģ
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״̬£ڳϫҰУһеػɬģԽԽԽԽܹϳЩϸСķƹ켣תġ
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ֻʱЩϤضŤĻɬģЩ֮Ĺ켣Ǹִʵ
֮Դ켣Ե鶯һɲ䣬෴ˮһݱ䣬ľһһس
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ԽԽ࣬ϫڸȷţЩضɬķģıԴɣ
ǲǵ⣬Ƿ򣬸ǴơĴع鱾ԴԷĵķʽ֡
Լ֮䣬ϫ׽һ
һйʥɾϵ򣬽ʥɣҪյĸִ޷ںΪһٳԼġʥ򡱣Ǻϵ
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ڣǰֵģǸֲͬԴɵطģٲȻִͬںϣϤˡ֮У
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ʶеĺͼƬԽԽң˵֮ǰ糤Ӱӿô˿̾еľκڱڡ
δȳϫİҰеһٴκȻ仯
һΣϫȻ֣ԼҰķģһһϢתĹ켣ӯһԵɡ
ʲô
ϫˣȻһƬ
ǵֲ̫ϣܹģƣ֮

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һУߵλڣһ޲
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ȳϫһУһƷ糱ˮϤӿڣԴԴϣûоͷһ㡣
УͬûκεĲʣ෴һůһ㣬ųϫԸִƿأ
ɲ֮䣬컯ࡢִƿأΪһȫµĴơơ
ܻɵأʶ㲻֮࣬Ϊ𡱣
һжͻأ֮죬ϫ˼ΪʲôȻһоͷˣȻϫв𺳣Ȼ
ҺΨһǣǺͼƬ춯ɣЩԼǺǲǱħ֣뵽˻þ֮С
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ʱУǹĵӿ룬ϫٴɺڰִɵġ̫ơɱ˰ִɵġơɡ
ˣϫյϤ˴Ƶزֱơơơ̫ơƺͿռơ
ţԣ⡮սʵôˣ
֮ǰװǻƶѡ
Ҳпܡ
ôʲôɱ˵
͵أһ𣬽ϫѣ״һֲɱɢ
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⡮ս֮Ҳ
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ͬʱǡս֮Уʯ뿪ս¹ڳš
ǺƹĲ֮ϣȴһֻ䡢䡢ĮȻһš


1343 ֮
ʯ
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һʯ·ϣʮ֮ÿһضŲͬɱգԽ
Ժ֮񣬲֪ж̤˵أͨһʯ·ģȴǽֻһС飬󲿷ֶ޴˵ء
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۴˵գȴɵסڷΪʯ·ͷǷ̨
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ղڡս֮һУ̫˼ͼƬ춯ŵˡս֮ıĿǴлĪô
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ÿһֶǺޱȵơ
ƣ̺컯ࡢ亱Ĵ塣
̫ƣ̺˺ڰִ
˵ִϫǿܱǣô⡰ơʵһ
Ҫ֪һƿɡ˰١ڤ߷ǣֻصİأԭϫǸ㶯ִģ˭룬Եɺ֮£ɹˡ
ΨһϫİǣûвսһǱȻֻءϢǿһɣһɹʵ롣
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ϫȷţԼʥ֮ƾεĲ򣬾ԿԺ˳غϵٳԼʥ
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һͷͷ·Ρɽľͷߣ棬ǵƯĴ½ŤѣſֲѪɷ֮
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֮еʲôʱ˱̬ˣôǴħȴ棿ɲֻǵڶƣ
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ȷӦãǰڶ֮УִֻħĺŶԡ
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ʯβûżǰϸϸ˼̫ΣжЩ̤ʵĸо
ΨϫһжǺͼƬ֮ͣԼҲ̵Īôȴǲ֪θǽ͡
ѵ˵ΪԼλ޾ڣǡ֮ģ
⻰˵ǷǵԼ׳ղɡ
ԣϫ˿Ҳֻ۹۱Ǳǹģơˡ
ͬʱ
͢ЦҲǴǵʮ֮߳ӰԶЩǱɫ΢΢԰ףԸովһޱȵս
߳ʱԶһɫ両һĨɡ
ʦãץʱָֻͨƣǱܵһִ̨ǰʱ֤֮طȻ֮
͢תͷңңʯ·󷽣ǷһĨ⣬ˣߣʮа˾ѻ뿪֮򣡡


1344 춯
͢İţЦһ
֮ǰǽ֮ʱÿͨһ֮Ѫ׼ķţ̫Ͻ̵ĳֶطĽƵ׼
ֱǵִʮؽƣѾʮļΪۣ
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񱦣ǿǳ̫ɱĴڣ
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͢οЩ񱦴ǴЩȥĺɵͳѹεȫ˷ѵҲ̸ʧ
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ЦһЦЦȴǰͽȣûȤ
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ȿٵͨЧʣʯǶЩţһʱ֮䣬ʯ·϶Щˡ
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ò˵ͼƬ춯ֱ֮Уʼϫϲ֮ǰ߱Ѫԭϣڡ֮䡱·;УͼƬһֱȡõĵʥԪġ
ڣ춯һֶԼġ
ָоʵ̫ˬˣ
֮ǰ㯡⡢֮󣬳ϫڿ侲춯ˣϲҲⲻ˵ġ
߰ɣϣǵĺһֱ˳ȥ
ʯ˼ãҲûԵɣֻܰеɻ󣬼һȥ
ǡ֮
ǡһ֮
ǡ֮

һȥͨٶȺʱҲǱԽԽ죬ʯǶЩоκεвսˡ
ҲеɻҲһ࣬Լǲߴ˵طûнķ֮
ϫУջơ̫ơơơȫƿصԲز
Ψһźǣǿռȴڵصġռ䳱ϫ֮δܵͼƬĺô
ҲóϫЩ˼⡣
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һ˴ӵڰ֮߳󣬳ϫԴ˵һɢһĲʯɫ䡣


1345 
ˡ
һζɬĲɢǿңɵɨʯλʱȴǻëȻɫ΢΢仯
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ѵϫɽӣ
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ȷߵͳ֮Уɽµ٣һʵȴΪǿᣬ伸ټ
Ů洵ԡųӵ̫
̫Ͻ̣Բض˵׷Ѱ̫֮ն飬ߵͳͽһ
ͻȻǰߵĳϫ㲻ʯǵע⡣
ŷ֣֪ȻѾִ֮ʮ֮ǰˣҲǷ֮һ
ֻҪ̨ܼͨ
һӣʯǲٽ̸עȫתƣĳϫϡ
ֲãԭʮУƽ
һͲ³˳ϫԭе³Թʱӿͷž̫Ͻ͢ˣ
˻һʯ㡢̤ʥߵĿҲһɫкε¶һĨɱ֮


1346 
֮е֮ʮء
ؿһ㣬˴ʱֻܵȺԭأ޷ǰһ
ȻѾµʱһ֮дصľ̫Ͻ̵͢ͽЦʯҲֻܵţҸ޷ŶԷ
ֵȴãΪÿһ֮й̶ʱ䣬ʱ޷ͨᱻУ޷ӳ
ǰʮؽʯ֮޶ʱʱ
û뵽һﴳٶͦġ
ʯЦһƬ䣬ҲӿһĨƵɱ
ͨʯ֮󣬾Ƿ̨ˣǰһִӼ̨֮ȡ֤֮ǿɾͲˡ
ҪǵĸΪȫ棬ü΢˵
̨߿죬ţ֤֮ͲϣѾ͢˲һѾֹˡ
صģ̨ɲôϵģ˵֮սôǷ̨ľ򣬽ʱȫԸмת
һԵĵЦЦĿ˳ϫϣοгϫֵ֮ʮ֮Ҳͬ裬ò˶ʱ䣬ǾԸ̫Ͻ̵Ĳ
ţСһƺҪƾˣ
ڴʱ̤ʥͻȻɳ
̧ȥȻͿϫȹĶԣҪʥɾף
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ϫֻǵһ֮ƾСһɣ
ǹпϫϥأüһƬϣľɽһ㣬ʼȼաڡεΪ׳ۡ
ΪˣʯϫҪʥ֮ˣɡҡ֮ͳ롰ʥ֮·һؿݲκξš
һֻ²ˣһʥɾ磬ʱգĻֻ޷׷̫Ͻ̵Ĳ˰
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⡭
ʯĽпϵģһ뵽ϫǵִȴҪǰȥЩⲻȥġ
ô쵽ɣϫֲ֤񣬵ЩԣԵһˣһοɲʲôʱܹˡ
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ϧˣЩǣϾ֮˿ٵĵִڴˣȫǿϫһ˵Ĵ·
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ķѵʱԽͶǵĴԽ̫Ͻ̵͢ͽЦԣȴ
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ǵڰء֮֮߳󣬳ϫΧһжʧȥ֪
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ϫͲ֪˴һ֮ȴܵԼӿطԽԽ࣬ʶҲԽԽģ
ЩӿеķģһС黯˱Դ֮ȡ󲿷ֶͼƬɡ
Ϊɲ˶ֲ
ˣһСıԴ֮Ҳ绢֮ҩ㣬еȫ
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ƣڽڽ
Ϊڷ
ڲ
꣬ڷɿ׳

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ΪǷôԴ֮ʥ֮ͺ
ʥɣαʥյԺĵͳ޷ʥᲢۡ
ͺñȰ벽Ψһͬڣ벽гĻᣬʥɣһӵĵ;ֹֻڴˣ޷
ʥͬڼȡ˴Դ֮󣬾̤̫ʥߵĵͳʱɽժǶ¡£
ΪԴϡȱԵʣɽУųɵʥɾڣǺʥɡ
ϫͬ޺ʱʹӺͼƬлһɴԴ֮ʥ֮С
֮ںͼƬ춯֮£ַΪƣǽÿһִƶƿصԲز
ֱ񣬸ǴǲӿڵķУȡԴԴϵĴԴ֮£벻ѡ
û취ڱ˶ԣһɴԴޱȣԳϫԣ»£ͨĪڴԴ֮УԱȣһӾֳ
ΪҪǣͼƬ춯̫죬ֹȡ֮ķǴ˳ϫĪĺô
Ե˿̽ʱͱһ㴰ֽǰɣѴ֮Ϳ뵽ʥɲ֮С
һĻ׷Ѱʥ֮߿ǼʵѪɣδҲ̫ˣ
ʥɣƿصͻữɫ죬ʥ֮
ʥӣԴʱ򣬾ȼ֪䷢ӳʵжǿᡣ

ڳϫƾʱһ֮Уزһɲ߳͢ͽЦӰ
߶ΪǱɫ԰һƬüȴ˷ϲ֮ɫͨ˷֮
̧һϵļ̨˲ռǵҰ
̨
͢׵缤䣬̲סЦ񣡷Ѿȴ̫ˣ


1347 ̨
ˡ
ʮĲҲʯǵע⡣
ãѾƽȥˣ
ʯüһƬأһĻ̫ˣǲŸյִﲻյʱ䣬Էƽȥϡ
ܵ飬ߣ
ûκԥ
֮ǰĽ飬λʯ̤ʥһ̫Ͻ͢˾ƾĳϫ
һ㣬׵˿̼͢ǵϢʧУĻҳɣҪȥ

δʯɫʯԭƾĳϫͻȻɢһε첨ϯ˷
һĻ̫ͻأ˭Ҳû뵽ƾеĳϫڴʱ춯һʱ֮䣬ǵɫԶЩ㵡
Ȼǲ˼ǣϫ̤ʮȥ
˭Υ飿
ǿƾأκһ˿ľţ߻ħɵɳϫãһƾһжҪ̤һУ
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δ㵺Ͳ⣬ʯڷֳϫδ߻ħ״֮־Ǻܵġ
ΪڳϫĴ£Ƴһ֮ҲǷַӵ顣
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쿴Ǳߣ
أڣָԶ̨
˳ָķʯǽԶǿڷ̨ײӰһϼ̨֮ȥȻ͢ͽЦ
ɲ֮䣬ʯеļ˷֮ɫȫһĨɱɭ֮ȡǺ֤֮Ψһϰͳ̫Ͻ̵Ĵˡ
ڿԱϴ֮ˡ
ૣ͸һɺ⡣
ȻβֹҪѰٵ֤֮ҪĶɱڴˣ
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һ͸žϲ𣬰Ⱦ塢ɽɢ޺޵˵Ӱ֣ǡʯһԱߡ
ɫɲһĨ𺳡⡢ϲ֮ɫǰһС
֮ǰԭڡ֮ɱҴ᧿Σۼ޶ʱƽʱ͵䷢
ġ֮ɲǼֱһգ
ֹˣǴ֮غһʯ·ϵнƣǰɲǼʧ˸ӲĨȥһ룬ûһ˿Ϣ
Ȼ⡢𺳡ϲΪЩ֮ʧ˲ͨ˷֮˴˵أɵͥŲֱʱ޷š
ǿԵʯʱɲ֮䣬ǵȻֹɫ侲һĨ䱸ȡ
ˣǵĽ̸Ǳʯһжʱһ̾һлϫƵһ֮йء
ʵҲˣ˵ϫһֻĵķʽʥ֮ɺͼƬ춯ûн䵱һ֮󣬺ͼƬ类ŭһ룬ɢ첨ԽԽǿʢûʯǶ֣еͱƳһգ
һƳѹϵһݣ֮еʧȥܡ

ͻأֵȾˣʯҲ˴Ŀ⽻޲¶һĨԵеζ
ҲǱóţš
ʼնûע⵽˿̵ĳϫԶķ̨ŷ̨֮ϵĻգ峺ĿУ˸һĨĨڵķŭ档
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һжóϫףԼӵеĺͼƬȻ̨йأԼδִ˵ʱʶĿô˵صĻ档
ҴʱԶԶǷ̨ԼʶһֻʱһɲƵķŭٴӿ˳ϫͷ
ָоأͻȻһδռǣȴֱӰж־
ϫûпܣʲôܲκΥԸͷ·ԭӦӵİһ㡣
ԼܹµһжԺͼƬ
ߣ
һƬŰУͻȻʯջĿ⣬Ըһ
δϷ̨ۣ֮ʱҲʺϺͶԷ֣ټԶ͢Ц̨֮ۿ£ҲǺȾ֮չ͵жԡ
㡢̤ʥҲȻһ㣬ԵʯϣǱѴע뿪
Ҳ߰ɡ
Ⱦ˼ˣҲǰһڷ֮ʱǻԺʯ˽һ˴˲޳ͻ
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ֳͻڣϾǿɻûеϷ̨ʱͻֻˣٺһ
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ֻ۾˭
ϫвƵһɻеķŭȴʢˡ


1348 ֮·
̨ڤţŻɬĻ
ŻᷢԼǶôСֱɽ֮ǰ̨ߴͨδ
̨ͨڣ̨ײһƬƽ̹ʯ·⻬羵ɢŹ׾Ϣ
ৣ
ʯƾճڴˣһֱ̨֮ͨϵʯ·ҲӿһĨ
ԣǰһʯ·ɾǷ֮·ֻҪߵͷл֤֮
λСģ̨֮ܲƣҪϣΨƾƿص򣬲çײҴ֮Σ
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Թ񣬷̨һʯ·ֱ֮·ֻ֮ƾյ򣬷ܹͻǽ֮ѹȡ
Ҳ˵յԽǿϼ̨֮۵ٶȾͻԽ죬֮յ򲻹ǿ󣬲ֹӰϼ̨ٶȣᱻѹƵĴ粽У
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ৣ
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һ֣΢΢һû뵽ʯǲץʱټ̨ڴ˵ֹǰ
ϫʱǶʱ˹ǲһĨŹֵζ
ڷ֮ǰʱǾע⵽˲ֻ޾ΪĳϫʱǻʯôһСˡ
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һĻʯһ֮ǰڷ֮Ƴ֮ĳж棬ѵγϫҲϡ֮·
ϸϸһ룬Դ֮󣬳ϫһˣĬԣǸɳһЩϵľٶЩڶ㵲ѡ
鲻⣬ϫַٶȴǰǴæԴʱϫٴη̤Ϸ̨ʱǵǲԾֻɲϫģʲô˺ˡ
һػǴ̨ܵĽ֮һٽȻأðж
ʯɿһ˽Զͷͬ⡣
ણણ
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ˡ
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㷴Ӧ죬һУһͳϫץȥҪء
Ҳʶ֣ҪϫȻأǱһɿֲĽڳϫϣԻᱻɲǼĨɱ
䣡
һҲ˳ԾǣеľˣǱ̨⣬ǱϫһɻɬϢ赲
Ҫ֪λĳ֣˵Ǿˣһ޾ܹܾ赲ģ

ǷӦǷ̨ӿѾϫȴˮʯһ㣬ӳϫɢûжԳϫ˺
ʯ۾ֱˣҲУ
ֹǣЩյϷ̨ȾҲע⵽һĻҲǾޱȡ
СŹֵĺܰ
ȷǹŹ֣ԽƽԵڣСĺûʲôðɣ
ô࣬ߡ
ֻƬ̣ûãǱǰУǷ̨ǸԶһɿֲƵѹȣҲҷȥ
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ʵϫֱ֣ǰһ벻֮ǰǰ岻

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٣ҲֻһһҪټ̨ۣ֪ҪķѶʱ䡣
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ͬʱ㡢̤ʥҲһ˿ɻ󣬴̨̤֮ͨ۵ġ֮·һ̿ʼǾ͸ܵһѹ֮ȵǲòתȥ
һѹ֮ƺЩ
̧ԶͿǧ֮ϵĵطȾһǰУÿ϶һĨء֮ɫ
Ⱦ˵ǰٶһȣǵǰٶȼֱ˲ֹһ
ǲǸоЩΣ
ȥǲֹܹܿ쳬ԽȾǣԸǰ͢ǰߡ
ڷ֮ôǰһпҲͳϫСйˡ
ʯһ̸ͰעǰĳϫϣɫٶһĨ̾ɻ֮ɫ
Դ֮󣬳ϫʹ̫ľϲ֮֮еƹضЩڸеԾͲ⡣
ڣ֪ǡ֮·ϵĽѹ֮пΪϫСʱе޷ˡ
Ƿ̨
Ժ֮񣬲֪жڴˣȴһδ̤ϣһ
˭һĻֻҲƽˡ
⡭ôܣ
أԶһȴȾ岻ŤͷʯٲʮɾԼʱʱһնһ鴤


1349 ֮
̨Ľжֲ
ϫܲ˿̵ľѾһİռݣƽ忡£ӿһɷŭ
һǼ̨֮ۿһҲԽԽǿңҪûǡ
ϫηͼɵҲûκεĵִ֮ǰ͸֪İԴԺͼƬһ塣
ܹܵʯԼʱǾͲĿ⣬ȴ֪ôӺδͣѡ˳Ĭ
ܸܵԼѽʧȥ˶ĿȨȴ֪ȥִѡ˳ӡ
ĴУϫһǰ
϶ԣʯǸɻ󣬸⣬ΪһжԺͼƬ춯ҪԵüΪƽ

Ⱦľ޺޵˵ע⣬һҲʯڳϫĴ£׷ǰٶȱԼ˲ֹһ
ǣ޺޵ҲͲ⣬ܵһԵĽȸС
̨ϣһ֮Ϳ֤֮ܺʧۣ֮ʯǼԽܲżˣ
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ץʱ䣡
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ȾɫٶԣԶüͷ˼ȫ˽¡֮·ϡ
Σʹ޵ǣƴȫҲ޷Ťת棬ʯһ׷ϣȻһԽ˾롭
ҪҪ֣
ۼʯǵӰҪԽԽԶһвʣɱڴˡ
տݣݣͺͷڣӶţǺɵͳͥڡҲһλڡ
ǿŮ洵ˣĸҲǺʤ㡣
ɽɢ޺üͷһ壬ܾ顣
ǵãǷ̨Խƣսʤ˶ԷҲסǵĲٻ֤֮
һᣬͣƤ¶ŹͭɫƤݺ˵еҢɵͳѪƽ̽
Ӷź͵ҢڣҪʯˣ޺üͷĿһֱĬԵȾ塣
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޺üëһǺûᰡǶսһǡ̵˵ȵִ̨֮ۡ
Ⱦ͵ؿ޺һۣҲôΪġ
Ⱦ̬Ӷź͵Ңʱ㲻ٶ˵

ԶԶأѾ̨ܹĶˣһƽ̨ûڻУ֣ض
͢ˣзһĨȡ
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ʦã֮ڼ̨֮
ͻȻ͢ʵ
սԣ̨֮ĶСڻУе֮֮ܵλ٣սڰ֮ڡ
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ۣ͢һĨһ֮صУֻ֮ȴǷ֮
νλǷ֤֮λÿһӵԼҲλ޷õλõ֮飬Ҳעֻһα޷⣬㳣ڡ
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͢ƣаૡ
ףЩʯǾҪ׷ˣ
ڴʱϴЦ͢һݣȻŤͷȥȻͿǧ⣬һһȻʯǡ
͢ǣʯ˵ǰٶȾǱǶҪ֣
ЩˣȻûڷ֮С
͢üɫ䣬Щ벻ͨԼֶΣѪ񱦵ķţ׼˷֮еʮƣ˵룬ֻҲ˴
ʯǾţҵִ̨ٶȾ֮죡
һж͢ϣɫһ
ǰּƳȥǵִ̨֮ʱ򣬶ԷԸǰˡ
ЦüӿһĨأΪֵǣǶԷ׷֣ǵĴЩˡ
˵ĲʯǺһεĴڣɶԷδ̤ʥ˫ȭѵ֣һԾǵĴԲˡ
ǽЦǳϫƿŵ̫֮Ͻֶ֮ĿǣһмʱǵĴüˡ
ߣǴ롣
͢ߣü䵹ǲδٵ֮ɫʦòصģһΪ˷֮жΪǳıˣʯܹŤתģ
ǡ֮Ҳڽ֮У
ЦЩȻؿ˶ԷһۣͻȻ֣Լλʦһֱ飬ǡֶ󡱵ķţ쾵֮Ѫ񱦵ķšһ֮ǰȫ
Ȼ
͢ȻһЦ˵ߵͳ֮У۶ƿ֮ɽһҿԴɽ뿪֮νҲֻ̫Ͻ̲ŵ𣡡
˵⣬ĿⲻһƳЦƺЩ䣬ʱ׹οʦòҪ⣬Ҳ֪һֶζǽ˼Ұţɲй¶
Цʼ磺˽⣬ʦֲذοңֻ֪ʦֻʲô֮
͢¶һĨĪЦ⣺ʦã㻹ǵ̫ʱڣô
Цʲô͵̧ͷǻƵĲ񷣬ʦ˵
͢Цŵ˵ͷɫ±ñ䣬ɭȻǴֶ֮Īܱ̫Ͻãһλ䣬һΣʯҲؽѪ˵أ
˶٣˹ʱǲֹԷ񣬻Խ֮ţνһ˫á
ֲãԭ˼ǼҲˡ
ЦȴЩӣ͢Զλ̫Ͻ洫ͽУ͢еڶе壬˴˲޶ٲࡣ
һжУط֣ڽУԭԼԶԶ͢
ʦĪҪ룬ҲԷ©ϾҲ֪Я쾵ֶֻθŮ洵ˡ
͢㣬ͷ˽Цһۡ
ЦһЦ⡣
Ȼʦôˣ
͢ЦЦ˫ָĮȻת·ʯ·ɭȻ飬ƽˣɱǰ̨֮Ҳ١
ЦŤͷһȴʯǧ֮⣡


1350 췣֮
̨
̨оǧɾʱʯٿȻ㣬ĿˢˢԶ͢ͽЦ
ɲǼ䣬˫Ŀڰн棬һɿֲѹŰ˷ƣƬ֡
һ̨ͨʯ·Ϊɿϣ˫˴˸ǧɾ룬磬ƿؿռ䷨ڶԣ㲻ʲô
̨ϣ߾룬ңԶԭڣ̨һԽС
һɽƵѹ޷к˲ƣ֪кεȿֲԴʱȻǧɾţ˭Ҳû
֮һսֹҪͶԷ棬ҪڵԽ£Ἣǵս

ʱϫҲ㣬ǰ
Ŀûп͢ͽЦ˸Զ̨ۣ֮ǻĲϡ
һͷŭϢ̼ҪѹƲסеıƫƫأһƬĮȻ䡣
ԭڣһɷŭڳϫʣ£ȴԺͼƬ

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˴ɫԶĮȻƽ
ϣȴǽԶĿֲ߶£ɵվʮأ
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ƣ۷壬ƿİһ񰧺㣡
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ͻȻ͢ڣɫ趯ƥһƬɱɭȻ⣬ޱȡ
˵ʱȻһϵĺɫƿһͭžԼĪƴСļµĹ
Ԫʥ
쾵
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ͬʱԵĽЦ££˿һЦ޳ʮָ䣬һɫޣ磬ܲµķӡ
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췣֮ޣ
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ʯԼԶһһͶԷԾټδ̤ʥĻһսֻҪǾĽԷһˡ
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˵ʱʯ֮ɫʯľڣĻʼᣬ̤ʥĺڰ޸ҲԼ
ɲǼ䣬ԣͷųֲֿƣɷѤ׳ۡ
Щ飬벻ζʱ˿̡
͢ĮȻҫۣӿԻеo⿪ɫȻʯˣȣϻ˵ɸһս
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սȫ汬ʯ̤ʥϣ͢δһ𣬺ͽЦ档
һɲǡ

財
ĿĹ⽫춼ӳյһƬѤضģڿֲսУƥɱҪشƣǬ
ȿֲսǷ磬ֻҪ޾ѣ𶯲ɡ
ҺǷ̨Խƣսನ˴룬ű˱³
ϫʯ·ϣûս֮һΪսʱһĶãΣա
һҲΪźͼƬĻɬϢֹԽƵѹ֮ͬսನҲ޷ַ
ûע⵽һԾϫǺݣ忡һƬ
Ŀ⣬ûȥעһսһֱңң̨֮ۡ
սֲ̫ʢڱأҲ谭Ұϫ޷Ŀǫ֮̃۵龰
ɰźͼƬһڳϫü֮䣬Ȼһֻ䡢䡢ĮȻ
һɲǣҰ
ϫüĿɨӵǻʱͬʱȻֳһֻңңϫ


1351 
֮ǴԺͼƬеĴС
Ī⣬ܹ︡Ľ֮⣬ܹ򷨵ĳƺš
Դڶ֮ڱΪǳƿص֮Ҳ㣬ֲֻ̽⡢֪á
ںͼƬ춯֮£ֶ֮һۿϰǻ֮ϣɲǼѾһֻصӶһ
ֻȻڻеֲ̫ĮȻ䡢޾ϣףϲ֮ϫ֮֮ʱһĻ˫Ļ棡


ǷֲһƬĿռУ飬֮УһϢĴڣһo
еŭ죬еĳĬеر̾еաһĲĺ˻档
oռ䡭һɲĻ棬ϫͷƤ飬궼һޱȵķŭҲ
䣡
ҲֻһɲǣЩһţϫֻһɿֲޱȵֶڶܵһɴֲ
ĵĶһɲǼ
ˣˣ
ʶУͼƬ𵴣ƵɢϫܵĿֲϤɢһգӹһ١

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Ҫ֪ĵĲΣˡӤ׶ΣдҲԵ֪һĻжôġ
ǾʲôôôϢ죬֮Ŀֲڣֻ۾˭
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ͼƬ𶯣ɬɢľٴδ뵽һɳĮȻŭС
ϫѾϰ֮Գָоͺ壬Թһӱİռݵ
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һԵľء

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棬ɲɢӲǷԲǧɷΧԽƳһա
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۶ԷڻȾ塢ҢӶλ֮ѾﵽˣѶǲв
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Ƕˣα׷Ⱦޱ


1352 
ȾĻ£޺޶ʱףɥڷ֮֮һеӺ·ȻȾƣ
һ뵽޺ɫѿΪΡŹң
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ǶԻʱʯһֱԹۣҲһУȻһжΪ̫Ͻ̵Ĳ֣Щɵͳ˴໥¡
ΪҪͶ̫Ͻ̣ǲϧǺɵͳͬ飿
޺Ŀѣһһʡ
ҪˣŵΪʼ֮أҵҲΪԼѰٳ·̫Ͻ̣һֵεĿɽ
Ⱦ˫ָƽ˵ԱߵĵҢӶŶҲͲѡ
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޺ͻȻЦ˭֪̫Ͻ̱壬飬ǾȻ˵̫ϽֵΣЦʵǿЦ
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ֻ֣һɿֲߴӦʺͱһֻסصһͷ­Ӳϵ

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˭Ҳû뵽͢ᶯɱȾ壬Ҫ֪ǸղţȾֹϫŰǻһΣ
ȾһλͶ̫Ͻ̵Ĵ󹦳Ȼ͢λ̫Ͻ̵Ĵ˸ɱˣ
ľʣ˭ĵ

ܿ죬ȾͷʬڵѪҺͱȡһգһ߸ʬҷ
ˣ͢΢΢һЦȴԵüΪ顣
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͢ɫ裬ɫĮȻһƬһһ٣͸һɱ
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ѿǣǸһж·ͱǽЦֳִޣУܲһع⻬ռ֮ӵա
Ȼ쾵ͷųġռ䡱


1353 췣֮
쾵
һ죬ֲޱȵ̫Ŵ񱦣ܹһܹһءռ䡱ֲÿһռ䡣
Щռ伫Ϊ棬ܹκιΪֶ⣬ֵĹԽǿתֶԽֲ
֮ǰʯ롰ֶʱͱһ񾵺ݺһǣУ֪ܲ
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޺ȴƲʶһɨȥЮɫԣݺǾռϣһ

ϧһǵ޷Ǿռ䣬תΪһִֶ⣬ȥһ޺ӰģסɫǱѿޱȡ
һĻɫҲٴһ䡣
¾᧿Σͷ֮У췣ۣ֮һ䷢κһ˶޷⡣
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ֳ͢ᦣǴһĨЦ
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һƬֹĹ״̬УһĨɫ췣֮ɱ£
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ʯӿһĨŨŨĲʺ;ĿѣҪһƴ
䣡
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һɲǣ˻񱩶ɬ첨忡һƬĮȻΨһԺУȼŷŭ嵽µĻ棬ֱҪٻ죡
һԾӰѳְգһȭɱµ췣֮ݺȥ
ͫȻţ
ɶݰգ
Ƿ̨Խ֣ЩڣòУ޷˲ƺͷɶݡ
ڣϫСһﾹȻڿնˣ
Ϊ𾪵ǣϫȻһ췣֮ȥˡ
ѵҪ췣֮۶Ծ
һĻ̫˼飬ʯ˶ȥֻţһӶĿã
ǿ췣֮
̫ηֵĿֲǳϫһʥɾֵܹģ
Ȼ֪η
͢ҲһУǳϫʱǲһĨм񿴼һֻѰ·㡣
һ˵ʵԶڲɲ֮䡣
һɲǣϫȭͷѾһ췣֮ײ
䣡
һɾ춯صĿֲ죬һ˲ײѡħ޺ѪźĿֲɬ
һɵƾףڳĪڣǶĵԺ
Ϊ𾪵ǣϫţ
ֻǰУϫӰ̳и֣ӰΣһɿֲ񱩵ɬ裬ƮݳɝһǹֱҪͱƲ񷣡
һɱµ췣֮ȴʧˡ
ȻղŵĶײϫһٽ췣֮Ĩˣ
⡭
ʯ̤ʥ۾š
Ҫ֪ǿǺϫֻʥɾΪ벽ǣ񣬾һԾڿգ赲һЩɵֵ췣֮˭ָˣ
С˭
ѵŮ洵һɱﵣ
ҷǵãڷ֮ʱСӲŴ޾簡
޺ޡҢӶҲĿɿڴǰһĻ̫ˡ
ô
һ࣬͢ͽЦһǵĲмЦȻὩ̣ţһǵСһȻ췣֮
һУϫȻδգͷӲ֮ϣءĮȻġ췣֮ۡѹ
ĿһĻжסһɾ⣬Сӡѵܹ췣֮ۿ
ৣ
ǷӦϫӰ͵һɲ֮ӰЮɬâ
䣡
ͬʱ췣֮ٴνһ췣֮ҪϫĨ
ڴˣϫ޾ηȭͷʯ͸ɬٴӲ췣֮棬Ҫ
¡¡
̨Ͽգݣ̳ʮء
ͣ췣֮۾Ʊŭͫɫתǿ֣һӿһִݺɱ¡
췣֮ʵ̫ǿߣ췣֮ÿһ̺ɱĿֲϢâ
ɳϫ޾壬ɬϢһѿ˫ȭƿգЮٴ֮Ӳ
ɲ֮䣬ʮĪһƬѪ֮ۼ飬ƶȶԾݱ
ĩմȫ汬
Ƚ棬ֹһֲܹݡ
ʯˣľսⲻ֮ĶԾȴԾֲ
Թ˭ܹ췣֮Ӳ
ӵֶͨΣĻ췣֮ޣɵɼ췣֮кεȿ¡
񣬳ϫܹ֮ɱ֮⣬ڳβݣ
ǻǣһˣ


1354 ̫
췣ۣ֮һеĽ
͢ҲֻеΪѪΪȥ췣֮۵޷ƿء
д˾֪췣֮кεֲ֮
Եڳϫ췣֮۶ԿʱŻֵ𾪣š
ָоͻȻһֻȻһһķױȵ𺳡
Ƭ̣ʯ˶ʱѹʱɲ˷Ѱʱˣ
һ֣ɱһ
ʯɱڣɫʯԶ͢ɱȥ
û췣֮۵вٲץʱɱУǼֱ޴ˡ
ɱ
͵Ȳˣ
һϣ
̤ʥ޺ޡҢӶŽԶһ̷ŭ
֮ǰǱƵݾͱ췣֮ɱȾѵɱлᣬܻˣ
ˡ
ɫʯ󣬻ɫغɨȥ
ৣ
ڵڿգپɹ⡣
䣡
̤ʥֳֺڰ޸ֱӳɱȥ

һʱ֮䣬ڿգɵŷ裬ȫǾֶΣƽһ־Ŀ࣬ڸ֣
ֶΣ۷壬ͨš
һֵ͢ͽЦɫ䡣
һǻѪ׼췣ۣ֮δüͱһСһﵲס
󣬸ǵĴʱò
¼ʯ˳ɱߵɫԶ˼£ĶڵѪҪ
ֶ󣬽ʧˡ
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òѪΪ췣֮۵ѵҪһ񲻳ɣ
͢ͽЦɫÿʳˮ
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أδ޷صĵزɼϣ췣ܹ֮Ĩɱ˳ϫ
ʱ򣬾չʱ̣
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
»ңԾҶԿƥԲϺֿɲ񱦱˴棬ǵȺ棬ֱ٣ִȫ汬
Եǣ͢ͽЦܿͱȴѹһò᧿ΣǿƥΪ̣类ɱˡ

ķ̨עƽˡ
ʯ̨ϣԿɱǲ֮ϣǳϫһ˺ǡ췣֮ۡӲ
ʱĳϫǡѱһɷŭռݣͼƬɬϢ֡
ϳ棬Ͷ֮䣬ʩչĵ޲ֲأգǵһ˿ѹһ磬ΣֻҲ޷ƿˡ
Ҳˣܹǲɱµġ췣֮ӲΪ˲ͱĨɱˡ
֮˵ǳϫ췣֮۵ս˵ǺͼƬ췣֮֮ս
һ֮еĽɵ֣̫޷֮Կ췣֮ԣ֮
һԺͼƬصĪ⣬ȴ̲ɽ֮ˣƾͼһٿİٴ֪֮ͼкεֲ֮
񣬺ͼƬԳϫ֮Կ췣ۣ֮֮ĳͻϣǸ磬ֻһĪĽˡ
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ÿһɫϣ̺ܻ֮Ϊصͼ飬񷶼쾭γ˶ұһա
ǻκһλڴˣֻҲ˲䱻һ򣬶ɱ
̫ڴˣҲֿѹΪĽֻҪ֮ڣ˭ܹ֮棿
ϫ񱻺ͼƬռȴ췣֮ۿһ
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Ȼһгϫͳͳ֪ѱͼƬĻɬռݣ˷ŭ֮⣬ûκͷ
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һ죬ǲ֮ϣ췣֮ۡ͵һҲһٿȻʧ
ǵģʧˣ
ǱϫܣͻȻԼ뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪ǰһɲǣƵͫٴθֳһƬռ䣬ռܲÿһжѺһϢӰ
ģϫ֮ǰΨһͬǣεĻռУͻȻֳһģӰŤͷƳ˳ϫһۡ
ϫ׻
ֵĺͼƬϢ⵽شɲǼ߰˰ˣ
һеģֻһģӰһλ
˭
ḡڡ췣֮ۡͫУ
ϫȻûʶԼѾָ

飡
ڡ췣֮ۡʧһɲǣ͢е͵زһȻðޱȡ
ͬʱ͢͵һڽɫѪɫɲǼ԰׵͸
Ȼ췣֮۵ʧᦵʧ⣬Ҳܵһ̶ȵķɡ
Ͼֻ췣֮۵ƾᦼ޷ã̫ϽڴˣͲͬˡ
ʦ֡
ЦвһĨ
֮ǰͱʯ˴ѹĴƣѵ᧿Σĵزǡ췣֮ۡʧܷ͢ɣһӾ뵽С
ɱ
һһ
ʯǼˣԶһ񣬹񱩡
ɱǣǲ䣡
͢ŭЦ̬񣬻ȼɻ棬ͬʱһƼ両ֳһϡɬص뺣ֳȾѪħ޺׹ǶĿֲ
һ֣һƣǱȵʯ˲ֹ
̫뺣
˾
ǷӦ˵һֲһ뺷⣬Ю͢ͽЦɲƾʧ
Ҫ֪ڷ̨ϣԽ޷Ųƣ͢˾ɲƾնȥɼһкεȾˣ
ʵҲȷˣ̫̫Ͻ֮䲻죬ȴšɲǹ緽䡱ĳƺš
Զƾһ뺣κεطɲ֮䣬ܺ磡
֮գǶȱ֮ʱ
УأƮ͢ǳ޾Թŭʵþò
Ȼˡ
ʯͬģ㵱أɫѡ
˭Ҳû뵽̫ϽΪη֮ж׼˶ֶΣ·ǵޱȫ
ֲã̫ϽΪ繫УҲܹ񡭡
̾ʧԱ


1355 ֮
£ҲһĬȻ
ȷ̫̫Ͻ̲֪ٵͳΧ˹繫С
ɾһͳȴҳΪߵͳ֮һ˵ˡ
δ˴͢Ц˽֮֮жоܿŵһ˿ߡ
£ɵͳĸ·ΪãֶҪʯһɱ
ܴ֮ڷ֮аʮ֮׼Ҫһн̨
ϧʧܸա
ֱղţ͢ǽ췣֮ۡҪȫڳԾصޣһ
һжУǼ˿Ԫʥ쾵ᦣѪǧ衢ΡȾڡ
ڷ֮һؽеӡ·ҲΪԸ̫Ͻ̶
˵͢ͽЦֻˣ֮һ·ϣȴȾѪȣþƺıԣԵüΪ顣
ֱۿ͢ͽЦͽȴһ̫뺸Ųߣѡ
һ¼о̫ܿϽ̵ֶκ飬ǺĲ̺ѪȣҪɱԷԵѡ
ʯ̤ʥԽϸԽзһгϫ棬ֻѱ̫ϽƱˡ
˵ûгϫǸ޷ߵһ
ԭͬ򵥣ֶеʱǳϫ̵֮һΡ
ڷ֮ʮƵʱҲǳϫһ·ƹնʱִﵽ˷̨ϡ
ֱղţ췣֮۵вͬǳ֣췣֮Ӳڳڵ
˵һǽңôڶΡأ
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һʣЩڣװѳϫ˾˰Ĵڣʱ˵ǱˣκҪǿҲԥӦˡ
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ҲζпܶԾ
ΪҪǣ֮ǰǵãҢӶͶ̫ϽӪΪȾֱڶֻ͢İף
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ҡλһѰٵ֮飬λɷһģұ֤λжС
޺ԥһ£˽飬ԵҢӶҲһԹޣ¸ղŲսȴٲԸͶԷ
Ϊ˻ֻ֤֮Ѱʯ˵Ľɣһ˴˲ٶԿ;Ȼõġ
ҪһɣҺϺҲһν飬ҵһɱ
̤ʥһ԰ǻ
ˣʯһۣͷͬˣֻҪԼɱôһж˵
ҢӶŶ˼ˣɫЩκڨڨȻ֪Ϊ֮ǰͶ̫Ͻ̵ľٶʯǵ
ǻѰԲЩƨɾˣͬǿɵŷ̨֮ϵ֤֮أҪﵽĿģֻöԷ½⡣
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ʯڣ֪ʱ첻ߵҢӶţǾԾĻⲻҪһЩսۣһ顣
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ҢӶͷ
ͬҲʯ˶ǲĻ᲻ͬˡ
ͳһնʱǢ١
ҶΪ֤֮ԲԸ˴ˡ

һս̨֮ͨ۵ǧ·ϣеԽѱƳ
ɲǼ䣬ʯǾ͵ִﵽ˼̨֮ۡ
һƬĶΧƽ̨Źϵשʯϣ̧ͷǻƵĲ񷣬ܽԶһĻ֡
ŵ֮飬ͲһƬ֮У֮ܵλ٣֤֮ͬձ㽫Ϊ񣡡
⻷ܣ˵
֮飬һ֮УֻҪ̷ͷ֮
֮֮طͲڵ֮У
λҪСģ̨ܵĻУ޾ҪѰٵ֮飬ɲô׵顣
ʯѵ
ֻ̨֮ĶСÿһռ䶼֣޷̽ҪѰе֮飬ΨпԻԵˡ
Уִڴ˵һִڴˣӦѰٵһԼϵĵ֮飬е˼Ѱ飬ҲԵõһ
ͿԻԵˡ
͸࣬һжɸ
ҪǣʱѰٵõ֮飬úԼƿصϣԭڵ֮ҲǷΪͬԵġ
ÿһ̺֮Ҳͬ
ͺñԣеƿؽ֮õǵ飬̺Ż򣬱˴໥ͻҲ޷λɾ
˽ЩʯɢȥܵĻȥӰܿʧ
ʯ˳ϫߣûж͢ɱһǹϫ⡣
ְţϫҲþֻܾʵʯ磬̨֮£жٵ֮飿
޷ȷ
ʯڣǰ˵ＫΪͨ飬еУǻеǵ֮飬еУһҲһжҪԵȥѰˡ
˵⣬Ҳ͸һĨΣȻԵǾһеĹؼ˭ʸ⣬ɾλġ
Ŷ
ϫһһߵϢһɨŸĻһĨ󣬡Ǹʯ磬֮鳤úεģ


1356 ħ
ϫ֮ôʣΪͻȻ֣Լ֮۲̽£ܹǻ֮У˸Թ
ɫࡢ졢ơЩһֻֻѵľ飬ڻ˸ƮɷѤ
ɳϫȴȷЩǷǵ֮飬ΪǵԹʢĿҲģ
ʯ죬Ҫش͵һȵСģű𶯣
䣡
£ڲԶĻУ͵زһޱȵĲȻ¡һһڹ⣬ݺݳʯɱ
һĻ̫죬ϫӦ˵Էģˡ

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¡
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ħ飬һʵ壬͵֮ʯɿһ顣
ԭħ֮Ĵڣ޶ǻۣһ֮飬ͻƴһɱԷΪѲ
Ϊ͵֮飬;߱űսСĶԴпܱɱȻǿռΪħܡ
У鲻ֹһΣԶѰٵ֮ʱⱻħռΪ˷ǹֵħܡ
ħܣϫһݡ
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ңλѾң
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ǻгб߰㣬ٶȾǻޱȣ޷˲ƣֻһС
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ˣʯӶĻԥæӪȡ

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ʯ̤ʥ˾һüһ
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ҲΪȻüͷ壬еΪ֡
ǻطǷַӶɱЩûжǻ۵ĶУһӵʱɾͲܹġ
ѵˣħԽ֮࣬Խࣿ
ʯȴ΢΢һЦƵһжһֹܻħв˵λܻøĵ֮飡
˻һ۾Զһ
ȷʯĽĻҪСܶࡣ
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£̤ʥһжٴν뵽ػУʯϫ
ʱʯĽ̸ʱ̹עǵĶһвͻжӪȡ
ϫ£˼Ϣ
ǰһУ岻֣ȥעҲƽա

һɹɴ񾫴֮ӲӿϺųϫ
ͬʱ֮УӤϥתţӨӨ⣬ϻָ֮
ò˶ãԶԻָ
ϧˣһӵĺͼܽǡ췣֮ۡˡ
һߵϢϫһ߹עʶеĶͼƬţɢһɬĲû֮ǰǵȱ塢ŭϢ
ɳϫȴܸоͼƬûоʹУƺҲ̫أԲϲ޸š
ԣ
͵أϫһ˿ףͼƬɢһɬϢδһ˿߰㣬ɢһԼûвķʽϢɢ˷Ļ֮С
ƺѰЩʲô
ָоܹŹ֣ͼƬһתΪһԼϢͣҪĳϹһ㡭
ϫʱһ㶡


1357 Ͷͱ
ԳϫΪģ˿˿ƵĻɬ첨紥һ㣬̽˷ĻС
һ̳ϫ㱸оԼһֻ֩룬ſݺύϸУջ
һּŹֵĸо
ʱһһţֹŹֵĸоҲԽԽǿңʶкͼƬʼЩ͵ӡ
üꤵޣȴŽ͡
ˣ
͵أͼƬһ
ף
ͬʱϴʯľ


̤ʥ޺ޡҢӶλڣȫɱ
Ǹʮħǽͷųһֿɲԣڻɢ
ȹȻκβǣƲΣա
ǲԶһͨԹâ˸
ϸȥɫԹͨԲԼĪӤȭͷСһŲȻɫС̫㣬ͷųһƾϢ
˸ЩԹ󲻶ܻһµͼ໨׹ޱڣйϵƮ
һصʥߡϣԴ˵е
֮飡
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ðžһһ·նִ˵أΪ˴
ȴҪǮĴײһ˳ϫڣ̤ʥܲˣĶڵѪ


1358 
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ǰĵ֮£нʮѾжʮӿ뵽˳ϫڡ
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ǿǵ֮鰡
ܲʣһЩ
ƺ˳ϫڼȡʮ֮󣬺ͼƬӨӨԹ͸һԲϢ뵽˳֮С
ʣµĵ֮飬ʮ߸
ˣϫʱ¶һޱοЦݣɶϵıɶԼˣ

ʧȥ˺ͼƬֵǽʣµĵ֮ͬ㣬ϫһһ£װһ֮УСķ档
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ʱ²Լ֣ǵԼóһ֮ǿɾ鷳ˡ
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ͻȻʯ˫ָͷ񷣬磬ɫԴ֮ɫ˵
ԣҲһ񣬷֮ǿӡ񼣵


1359 ֮
֮
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ɵ𣬼ԪתҲӡԼĺۼ
ҪǣǴصԼݵһϿɣдӷ֮лܿŵİأ
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ÿһ֣費ԻͣϣӳǷ֮Уǡǻۣһױȵ𺳡
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1360 ɸ
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棬һģϥһϣģͨü֮ȴһɱɣϢµĳ
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ֳһϵɫ񲯾飬ڷƷͷҲ̧Ȿע顣
Цԥҡֻǡ
ϧһûȥ֮
̧ͷЦؿһۣڵϿɲֹ֮ŷ֮أα˶ִ

һƢŵ˿ȴһίʵģ̾Ѿȴˣ綯Ҫ޷̤֮ǿɾ͡ɾ͡
ˡ
й˼ȥ׼ʹŵص飬һ׼׵Իָһ֮·
һһæЦŹ֣ǿɾͶлԺˣ
ͷȻʹŵأѵȳϫСӻô
ˡ
룬ͻֵȥɣȵʹŵؿʱҶҲһ롣


1361 
֮ǡ
֮ͬһƬ壬ĽֵˣЩڴ˵صԼࡣ
ֵĺɫʮ֡
ɸǰһҺȻͨһһʬ屻˽ֵϡ
ǽֵԶв߿һĻԶŵӣ¶֮ɫ
ǵڰ˰ʮ߸ˣʵڿɶ񣡡
ֹ¶ߺޡ
ҲȻ
ǰ֮һλһɱ˸ϵƮȻȥʱɳǺ䶯һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣ߵ⣬Ҫߡ
ȴһƬ̫ƽδٷʲôҲóһ߽Զһ
ȻǿҪµʱ򣬳ٴһһ٣ڵˣѡɸס
ҲǴ֮뵽һĪĿֲ֮У
Ϊһģ꣬ƢޱȣûκԭؾóеЩйߣʱһ㱻ɱʮߡ
ֱӼŭ˳ʵǿߣһѰ𣬿ϧսԶԲգ֮ǡ
˭Ҳû뵽һһٵʵ˿ֲҪǣԷΪЩйߣɱˡ
Ȼ˳ߵĿֻš
ڶ̶ʱ䣬ڳе߾ܲסֿ־˴롣
˵֮ǣΪһһٵĴڣ뵽һѹֶ־ķΧУһֱڻûн
ʱƣҲһЩŲ˵һһϼ壬Ǹģ꣬ϵĵϵ̳ˣɽߴ֮һա
һߣеһλʵͨϹŶ
ȻֻǴţûһܹȷˣǵݣҲӴȲεϢ

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նԽԽˡ
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ЩණɱҲйһ֮
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ˣȻգ
棬ղ㲻˵ѾݳŵظôȻˣǳϫûĻȻѾˡ
߶棬ڵǿѾȺڴʱˣһҲҪһĨɱ֣
˵ǴһĨߺޡ
ǰ֪ϫһٶԺ۵Ŀ֮λоӿһΣС
ϧǣһУҪչжʱȴ⵽˾ܾ
һвδϨյľģȥݼеһϹŶþһֶѰǳ֡
֮ôΪϫɳ̫ˣԴɽ֮󣬾һ·߸ͽ̶ʱھͽ뵽˵ѧԺʱһٽ޾磬ΪԺӣɽߴ֮У¡
ǰ̬Ʒչȥֻò˶ãⱾóӾͳγˣõʱٶԸɾˣ
ʶһ㣬ղŻ᲻ϧһдۣధ붯һλϹŶ֣
Ǿǰ
һλоþֲڣеĵλҪյĸףϵ廹Ҫ߳һ
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˼ҳɱһϫǸֻһɣ
ֱ̽ϫ֮Ǻվͣľǣ̽ϢУϫǺһλһ𣬳ǰŵصģ
һӳز٣ں֮ջǾȴϫʱ֣Ըϫߵλȥɱϫ
ȻΪ˰Ҳ׼ֶΣǴӦ᲻һд۽ҲҪһνϫɱ
һɲ١
ϧǣڴȴʱ䣬ҲϫأľЩ꣬ЩȻΪйĳͲ
նסɱ֮ǧҪй¶ϢˣǱѧԺֻ֪ϴ޾ֻ
һ䡣
Ȼʱ򣬻һٽ֮ҲĨˣʡ˵©Ϣ
Ц˵
֮ûв͸ǽȴЩģ֪£ҲᱻѧԺݳˡ
̾
ȻһûпЩ
ˣɱ֮󣬿ѧԺӦɣ治еĻͷƽԷŭ𡣡
ĬƬ̣¶˾ģݵһƬƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
һЩš
һУֻΪϵ
ЦЦ䣬ƽӣҲ֪Ϸɣһ֧㸸ףһ֧Сãڶľٲı䣬ֻҲֱ
˶٣ֻϣͨ㸸׵ŬĸԶһЩΪڶӴûȥ
УǴ֮⡣
ижĪᶨģնȻʧģ
ЦЦһƸӦʲôʧ⡭ãߣ
˵ʱ͵ɲǼɸ

Ǻúһɳǣȴ֮ˡ֮ǰУʯĿһɨҡͷѡ
ҪǸɴе˴˳ΣһЦ
ϫԣһ࣬һɳǣҲֻڸô˵ˡ
ף벻ɹ֮أȻһλͬˡ͵أʯüһȻԶ
ͬʱ̤ʥ޺ޡҢӶҲ̧ͷĿɨͬһ
һɲǼ䣬ֲƣ֣֮
һж̫죬ϫշӦʱλĿֲǽƬض
ȻͿһӰͻأظ˼ԶУһӰԱߣһꡣ
һһٸһ֣ҪŲƶߡ
λǰסǣ
ϫ͵شһΪ͵ط֣Ե꣬գ޷϶ԷΪλĿŶԷˣ
Ŷ
̤ʥ
ΨʯӦ죬ڳϫմرǳʢɲ֮䣬ѽɳ֣
ã
Զɫ䣬һֲ谭ȵòͣ½ŲȥԿ޷Ųܡ
һɲ֮䣬ʯƾո֣ǰ


1362 
ͻͺƴ
ԭĺɫʮ֣֮ѽҪҹɫУɵһƬʱɲ֮䣬罵ٰ㣬˾ʮء
ɳϢɲ֮䱻͵
ЩܾڳеǣΪߵͣһͬʱʹطҺ֣ɲǼͱٻһգױ类˰㡣
ֻʯչֳɣĿǣɴ˿̣ȴܲҲ֮ˡ
С
ɫ䣬ǰͻأֵʯɫޱȡ
ԣֱ˿̻ûô£һɻؿ˿ʯһԷһλڣ
ѵǸڳϫߵλǿߣ
ôϫأ
̲סɨһۣȻͿǲԶϫڳԼ߷ɳ۶
һӣнסһڳޣҲñɭȻɿ촫һ棬СǳϫԸǰǸԸ
죡ѵûע⵽ڳλڣ
˵꣬ͱǳޱȵϡ
ʲô
仰׻ͫţע⵽ϫ滹Ӱ棬ŮÿһӵһΡĿֲƣʲô
ɲǼ䣬ǺݺһԴ²ѡ
ô£
ϫֻ߲һλһӶ

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ֹҲ˵͹ȣλڰ˭뵽ᷢһĻ
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ڳϫԣҪϸԲ©λĽ
ϸԷԼ֡أ
ȻԷһ㣬ϫҲϣΪδ棬Ѿ˲֪¡
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һη֮жϫǰǻ˲ֹһɱΣֱַһһ֮飬Բϫǰһ
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ϼһ
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ϼһϣϫΪԼˣȻ϶֪Ϊθϻô𣿡
üɫȴĸǳ˹ȵףоֻ׶༪ˡ
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ϫɫޱ飬̶ʱ䣬Ѿ̤֮ʥ֮ò˶ãԽ֮ʱҳϫ̤ƽ֮ʱ
һһ٣
ʯԣҲһΪϫĸ֮Ķȣû뵽ϫٶȻ֮죡
ʱ䣬ɾ޾磬һ̤ʥ֮ам
պиǺݺһɫò
ϫ˵˴󻰣ǱȻ֮ԱǣͬΪϫѾӵеΪʵ֤߱
ǵģϫȻ̶ܹʱɾʥɾôΪʲôܶʱڽ
ʱٳһЩٶһЩֻҪţǱʣҲп֮еģ
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ŷŭ֮⡣
ĺǣһвʮĻǵûȡЧһĿ⡣
ǵģһֹ̲ǳϫʯǶƵĿһֻͽȻ


1363 
ʯλڶԣյķŭв֮ʱǵȷе⣬ǺЦ
Сһɵ˰
ѵϫֹǵѧԺӣɽˣ
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̤ʥ޺ޡҢӶλڣǿǴźɵͳǹ¼ҹˣǿ
һλڣܿס
δ֪£ܻԹ
һϫӵʮһŵ֮飬һľϣԵ֮Ϊܻͷ
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Ŀע£ֱһ㣬̼տնŤһƬ
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ŭ͸޾룡
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˴ڵϣĿԹضųϫٴϢϧһжˣˡ
˵⣬Ѫ͵ӿһĨޱȵĻ棬˹ŭ𣺡ϫú
ϫһԷ͵زһɿֲĲ罫ҪĻɽһ㡣
ã
ϫӰһ˲ƶ
¡һ죬һɿֲıըɢγһĶΧĢƣ𶯰˷ƣĽֵաĪһ̱촷һգ
һλɽߴϵļ̳ˣһ̾ȻѡԾ
ϫɫʱڰгĬ
ԭţöԷĸѩ˭뵽һȻԸԱҲԸԼˡ

һ󲨶ʯӰ߳
ʯУһͷ­Ȼģ
֮һλϵڣɥȪϣǲһ𶯲ɡ


1364 
ΪϹߴ֮һϾжڣ
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οϣһ֧ĸѩΪһ֮һôȻϵķѡ
ǵȺҲԸ⿴ġ

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ô˵Ϊǿն棿
ŭЦʱˣһȻ粽øԼԣֱ޲ھɱ˶Է
ˣ
͵أһλ߿ڣü絶ױƵģһɨˣʲôʱˣȻ˼ڧ
Ҷʱ졣
λ٣ָߵˣΪɲ⣬ϼ֮λٵ֧֡
ͣ޷ϼ֮λˡ
һڣһڳϽԶ첻ԡ
ˣҲٺҷƢߵѾ̽ն֮ң֮ˡ
˵⣬ֱ÷ŭޱȣǾþ˵
һϸ߲ˣԶüѡ
лֱ˵
Ҳüͷһ壬ʲôʱˣбҪڣ
һǿ԰бֵλλŮ洵Ů洵ʯλδ̽
£ǻȻһƬһʱǧˡ
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Ů洵
һһۣ˶ֹ㲻ԼĶ䣡
ôܣ
ʲôʱŮ洵Թˣ
λֲáֲҲˡ
һը˹Ǳּߵ٣˿Ҳһһƺޱȵ⡣
ģλŮ洵Ĵˣ


1365 ڶ
һƬһϸ߲ʧ̬
ؼڣһϢ̫𾪣λлλŮ洵ĴˣβԾ
˵ΪϹߴ֮һŮ洵ߵͳҲǲ̫ˡ
ྲ
ȣʱֹס˴е
ֻ˿˵ɫǱЩɲˡ
ѵһжйأ
һϽסʵ
ĸӣ
Ȼǳϫ
ЩϴǶԣѲİ
ӣߣˣǿǰѩĶӣϵѪҺ
һſڷ
ȫҹϵĴţ
͵һɿֲޱȵɢ˶ٲҺҿڡ
ɴҲԿϸ߲еڶѴﵽ˺εȼҵĳ̶ȡ
նĲңйء
˵λҲǺһ֣ͬһжᷢ
һжѷ
οڵģһһλϹŶ£ͨɫ񾲣һּɽĸоͬҲһλϹŶڤ
Ȼǲϧһдɱӣ
ҧм͸޾ɱ
ڤüƸоӶּΪ̶β˵ˣλڣǵѧԺӣϼһأȷҪô
˻һ˽ԶĿ塣
ֻĿⶼһĨֻζȻЩǲ֧Ϊĳϡ
ôѵҪȥ
岻õ
Ը͵ѧԺŮ洵ս㣬ˡϷ򲻷ˡ
ڤ仰㼴ƾնȥ
ɫʱһƼ֮λʱϼһһֱżϺԣϼһԼֱݶҧ顣
ЩĶ
һһҪѪϴһˣ
Ĭһ㣬ڤһߣٴвٳ׷뿪
ҲɫѿҪƲסԼŭ𣬶ʲôʱˣЩ˻ԼԿѵоûһֹ𣡣
ٿڣΣϻңȥɡ
һ˵ͷ
ĿɨŴʣµ೤ϣһԼƯƯģֻЩһЩͷˡ
ӣʼʹһڳİ취
ҪǣӾŮ洵ʲôϵκжܵŮ洵ĳ⡣
ҵǾãһЩǿ֮ӽдɱϾһСһѣ໤ˣֻҪץס䵥ʱԽĨʱ֪ǻɵͷϣҲƸһɶ
ײףӼȻôȻ׼ҵĵǣηصѧԺ֮󣬸һˣǻΰɱ
ѧԺߣˣҲ೤ڵѧԺְֻҸὫĨˡ
УǿǺӵĵֻ̣֣Ҳһʱ䱻ˡ
һֱһ죬һһֱ
֮Щ϶еޱȣڳϫ̫໤ˣŮ洵ǵѧԺϸ濹ġ
ԣֻ辶ѰٳһƵİ취ܹϢɱϫֿܲˡ
ҪﵽĿģɲô׵ġ
²
͵أһٵӴ⴫һܼģߴҴ˽
ɲ֮䣬еֹĿһӰϳԷߵһλܼңʩ顣
Ʋģ˽Զһݣѵַʲô飿
ʲô飬˵
ü˴飬ǲá
ղ޴ϢѾ̽ǳϫƺɽĪĸϵ
ɽ
ȻһһƬκˣǿΪصߵͳ֮һôָɽϹϵˣ
ҲǺݺһͫһǿסеķ꣬ʵϢԴɿ𣿡
ʩæϢʵԴүʼԸǳϫūһֱڲ̽ĵϸǱ꣬ϸ̽
˶٣ڶԷ˷ӵһϢֱūͨһλ߲㳤ϣȡõϢһϢõϡϡһЩ߲ȷϡ
˻һһƬ𶯡
ɽ
ӷǵŮ洵λİȻɽһϵ
ÿһϸ߲ԣһذըͷƤ飬ЩԽܡ
գһѹֵ˼¡
һ̣Ҳ뵽˳Ĭ֮С
֮󣬻ٴ˳Ĭ˵γ򣬱ɱɳϸ֮ʱ
˻һٴ𾪣
ǶԳϫ߱ʵһϿˣϸϸһҲȻˣĳϫֹɽŮ洵ãǵѧԺϲӵܣǵɳѹƵ
Ϊ֮˿Ҳ飬еޱȡ
ô죿
ɱӣԺֻա
ɱӣɾͳ׵˵ѧԺŮ洵ɽ롣
衢ʤ
ͻȻٿڣ쳹
ʤæУǵıѾߣһλϹŶʱҲֻ
һö򽻸̩䣬еķԸȥϽڶ֮УⲻԸ⿴Ľ
óһö򣬸յ˹ȥ
е̩䣬ȻڵѧԺ֮еԺϯϰ̩䡣
æǰС
棬ϴսֹ̩ɱǸӵļƻ˼һΡܴӦ𣿡
̲סʵ
ģ̩Լȷѡġ
ٵԸһƳԵ壬壬ڴ֮ǰȥһѩɣǲټƽնԹǿԽݽУϵһԱһμ֮λҲ
𺧣ɫޱȣʲôȻҪӣ
ȴһƽûע⵽ı仯ֻ壬סӦǧĪҪԶ֣綯ʱ̣Ͽپܲˡ
ٵĽ飬ҲһӿһĨԵĿܺͷŭٵĿʱ͵һзһĨɬռѵͷȫԸ
ȻѩܾĻ̩Ǳ߻һȷ𸴵ġĮȻ˵


1366 ۹
δޡ
Ҷɳǡ
бԹŷҶ𣬲Ȼϼѻ羰续
һɫľ¥С
ϫ̤ʥڸ߸ٴλãȥĿҶϼڣεΪ׳ۡ
ԭճϫĴ㣬ҪֱӷصѧԺģ·;֮У˻еĵͻȻѹһ飬㼴תδС
ųδδȻĵ̡
ִڴ̤֮ʥҪ뿪ȥѰʦȱǣǳϫѡҾ¥Ϊ̤ʥС
ģҵʦǣὫϢ֪ͨ㡣̤ʥһƣ㼴²˳٣һˡ
ϫ֪ʦŰΣҲ͡

㻹ðɣ
ϫʱͿֳ°ͣͶԶ¶һĨʡ
˵ѹƹأҲֻܱѶѣճϫƶϣʱһλڣֻ¶Ҫ˵
Ȼ˿ƾƿصҲεǿܹġ
û¡
ЦЦ峺ڵԶ૵ܾòҶˣҼǵСʱֻһƬҶֻ֣ϡϡļéݣҾﳤġ
ãһ˿׷ζ
һϮɫȹѣ㷢٣룬Ө׵ףɢһϢһֱ
ʱصһ׷µ浾Ů绪
ϫڰһ࣬˼
֪ԭҶɳǾǵɳĹ硣
ҳɳĵط˼磬һСУ̳ǣһÿĺ֮ʱͻһ̡
ϫЦ˵徻ʱ̣Ҳǲ˹
ŶлᣬҵԸȥһ
Ц˳ϫһۡ
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ʱһӵ¥ݿڴ
һ߽¥УΪ׵һ꣬λģӢأԹһĨưȡ
ӵһȺŮӣݺݺ࣬ݣвͬʮ
֮⣬߰˸һ棬ЩӽԶɫȳΪ׵ӣӵʥɾΪ
һȺ߽¥󣬺ƺƵͷʮ㣬ʱ¥ٿ˵ĻȻ
ɾСүҰ
ֲôųԭλź۹֮ƵСү
˵λСүӵǧ£Ҳ֪Ǽ١
Ȼˣ丸δɾףͥʮү֮һңȨ죬λСү丸硣
Ⱥ۷׷ףǽĿжһĨηۡ
ڴˣϫ͵㲻Լͬüԭ徻׵ķΧϣȻ˲á
СǸˣԣҲŹĲ飬׵ϣСˡ
ƲƲ죬̾˿
ϫȻܱδۣɼλ۹ӷʲôģˣڳϫķзŶԡ
λѱǸˣһ¥ѾҼСүˣλӣ뿪
һӳڣҪ峡ӣλСүЩŮǵˡ
˻һ˲޾òף֪λСүıԣ뿪Ҳвٿ˸еλСү̫أҲֻԹ뿪
Ҳ߰ɣһ˴ŵθȫޡ
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ںŵһȦ֮ϫĿⳬͬ˸߲ϣԲһȺ˼һƽˡ
ڵ㣬ΪһЩһͬЦϰ㣬ôԷͺñӥ͵ϵʲôʱӥϵĽ
ԷԷƫƫ
ǺһλСүҰʱʱס

Ұ۾һƯС椣ʼֱˣ
ϻ֣˲֪ŮӣɻûǰŮӰ˳ڵģһӾ͹ռ
ôţĿȵŵ㣬¶һΪЦݣλƯҰ֪ܹ͹һƷ
ڳϫֱӾͱˡ
ҰЩ輫ΪԼСүıԣһĻʱźۼ˳ϫǵȥ·ϡ
ҰЩŮǼˣԶ¶Դ׺Ͳõģ
ߣ黨ǲݣǲô
Сʲôõģôû
мŮ̲סֹһԴ׵ģ
ϫʱЩŮ޵ʲôɣʵʲô
ʵϫˣЩŮ֮ô޷ѣĿģȻΪ˴λСүȡĺôΪԼǰ;㡣
һУȴҲҰһֱۣһᣬЩÿҲƽϡ
ƽȴһĪơ
ҰУȴоʴ̼ŮУһ˵ݾ͹ԹͶͱˣ˺˵ģ
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һȻЦŹ͵ľǹˣμ棬С͵ˣ¡
˵ţһֳһöʵĵɫӯӯɢһ⡣
̫ɱ
һӣҰԵЩŮ۾һſĿⶼò
ȻеѾͷŹС
ˣҰȴ⣬߹󲻷ӾͲ㲻ˣ
ϫȴ̲סЦһȻһ̫ɱȥһλʲôƿЦģ
λӣЦʲô
ϫȻЦҰüõغһۡ
λѣ߰ɣû£
ЩĿϫвζʮ㡣
ϫӣЩһֻŤͷ㣬֣Ȼܹڶû쭣ڴʲô⡣
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˵ţͻȻϫ첲ǵذͷ˳ϫϣ۾˵ҪҸġ
Ŵ͸һ˿ζ
ϫʱһпЦλС㾿ʲô
һĻҰУʱ̼ŭѣȴЦҿλ䲻㣬ٿǿǱӣ
۾ڳϫߣԴţȻѴ⽻ϫһˡ
λѣ˵أ
ˣҰŭĿ˳ϫԴ֮͸һ˵в֮⡣
ֹЩҲ䶢ųϫһʶ࣬ɱҵȲģ
ˣϫˣЩһɶδ޵ģѵûϳǰݣ
һȺĴ


1367 С
ҰȻ顣
֮Ը޼ɵһΪӵδɾһλɽһҲΪǴԴΪǰλŮӻδ޵ˡ
ףΪأй¶ݣƣڳϫҲֻһʥɾڡ
λСүߣλʥɾ棬ԲǶ˷ˡ
οδޣλСүΪӵĹϵ񣬼鷳Ҳƨɣǰ轾ݣĿ˵顣
һвʮĿ⣬ϫֻʼ磬ЦΪٲÿɾͲˡ
Դᵭһ˿ζҰ˵ɫʱһСӼֱǲ˰Ȼвǣ
λǲһˣ
ҰȻЦһʹһɫ
֪ôĶϽ
ӶʱᣬЦ͵һָۣ̽΢غףһ˺գ͵ץϫ
һץѸ磬ָ֮編֮һλʥɾ߱ʵԵ쾡¡
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ǰ˿ӵʥɾΪѰҲ԰ˣѪսĶǰͲġ
䵱ϫһɵһҲʱмСӿǱãԭǸҷϣ
ϫȷҲûɱű۵ƣΨƾһ赭дһ˿̻Ϣ
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ϫԭزƵᡣ
Ķõŵŵŵ˲ֹÿһ£ɫͲ԰һ֣˵ھŲʱɫɷһƬǻ͵ſ죬۵һѪϢһӱήҡ
˶ʱ𺧣ͫţǵĲмὩӲһı顣
һĻϣǴֲ˭Ҳû뵽׺ƥĶȻһ֮оͱˡ
ৣ
˲аƾһ͵һȭϫԴȭӿɢſֲķ
ҰһʥɾӣıĶĵܵܣʵ£ͬĺ
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ĶֵʥɣɻδϵٳԼʥʵ׺Ŀǳϫˡ
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޼ɵǵҰ˶ɫ䣬ǾǷŭ
ЩŮ飬ŵûݲҵɪɪѡ
ߣ̫ǿ֪˭ȻţϽӵǸ뿪Ҷˣ
Ұȣ֪ߵˣʲôΣգδޣЩ֮ͨ⣬˭Ҷλɾ׵ĺ᣿
Уǳϫǵ㣬ʸΪͨеҸԷа壡
ο轾ݣҲһЩֶΣԲΪֶԷסˡ
ž
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һĻֱŵЩӺŮֽŴңһӿȥ⹫ӸǰΨʲôˡ
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Сүɾң۰ãѵ±ɾͨ׷ɱ
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ǸҰôʱ䣬ɾͷߵ˰ͽᶼһһŮȻҺԣʲô
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˵ţ˾ʹ뿪ڴʱһش¥´ߣϷҪ˭۸ֶˣ
һһ˿࣬ߴ͵ƾһ¥У뷢Ũܣ˫磬ɢһΡɽƵĴǣȻһλ벽ڡ
壡ãһղңҸɸҵ£
ߣǱպףήڵϵҰ͵ؾһ񣬿ϲ
ϫ͵㽻һ񣬽Զ¶һĨŹ֣ոоģû뵽Ȼһ϶
ֶ԰꣬Ϸڣ˭۸ˣ
ȻȻŤͷĿڳϫϣλѣֶ֪ˡţ
˵һֱŵ㣬ϳʲôֲȷϣüͷʱ
壬ǷϻôʲôϽɱСӣ
̣Ұ̬ȣź׵ԹУС椣ǧ˵ˣӾͲš
飡
˵꣬ϫ͵һߣһεĿռƾۣһֻδְ㣬һƾͽҰɳȥ
һĻ̫죬ȣӦʱҰôѪݷɽһɱĲҽУø˵ֹ
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СⱣ
ɫһѿޱȣСӾȻҵ涯ֱ֣ǶϵĪ̤
˵Ҫ֣ڴʱ¥شһֲѹǰ㣬ӿ¥֡
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣡


1368 
䣡䣡䣡
һصĽŲ𣬴𶯣羪ף¥Ŀ˶Ȼʧɫڶܵһɴֲ
ͻıʣҲŭеȻɫ䣬ĿŲƵ˾¥֮⣬ͫţ˶
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һ¶ʯӲĹͭɫߴɽıϣϽ渺ʮɳľ޴ͷ׳෢˫
ұһںɫ֮Уģֻ¶һҰ׼°ͣ˫˫ŲһȦȦںڴִܲһƻɬܵĻơ
λһɿֲޱȵϢأѹֵøʮ鶼ɪɪëȻ
ʵΪλħߴӰֲ̫ǰϰС
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ЩŮòΡʡֹĪŸ߹šݵϢǧ֮εΪ׳ۡ
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ǰħӰ·ǧŮһ𽱦ɳۡһ֧ô飬벻עѡ
ʵҲˣԴ֧Ҷɳǣ;֮Ī䶯һ˸
Ϊ֧չֳƣʵ̫ˣԶԶһ˲ƵһĨ𺧾η
¥˺ȻΪǺȻ֣һ֧ƵڳԼ߳
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϶δӸһǰδԶԶĿù벻Ȼˡ
ҰૣɫǴһĨƶԣܹδѾһΪֵԺ顣
˻һȻһĽĿ⡣
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˵̲סݺݶ˳ϫ͵һۣĿԹޱȣ͸һḬ̃ռ
ԣЩӺŮ鶼ܲѡ

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ˣǽס鴤һ£컹Ҫ˵ʲôȴƳԱߵĵٴЦЦһۣһӣ˶пɬȻ֮

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һ뵽һڣû취Ŀ֮£˿̵㻹ĸ첲ͷϣҿƣƺÿˡ
Ҫȷſҵ֣ϫ̲ס
㲻ܺôδƳһۣջǴӦϫ̫ˡ
һ̣δɫѻָƽγһɵɫԣͷųֲߵơ
ͳϫ磬ֱ¥ȥ
֮ڳ𺳣ܵһѹӿȫ׹޾Ԩеһֲִ
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ѵѵŮӾδ
ɡ
¥⣬˻֣ɫԣƻã޷˿ݡ

֧Ƶ飬ͬʱӦŵ뻮һĺƣٴڳˡ
һɲǣҰҲ̲ס̧һֱŵеĳϫ͵ʱɫʱ㵵˼£ʧôǣ
Դǲɱ
أ׳෢ʯѪʳڣһƳҰ£


1369 ޿ɵ
ֵɱ£ֲƽ˷񷶼޿ӡ
£Ұŵòɢ
ڴʱͻȻڣ
һһֻȻֹɲǾͱѪջأǵȶƿأȻѾﵽշĵĵز
ͨһҰ̲סڵأͷ˻л˲ɱ֮л˲ɱ֮
֣̿Ұ
ھ¥еЩӡŮҲǺûɫɥֲ̿˼£ͨͨȫڵء
һ뵽ղԼȻȥвһλһǿ˶Է䵱ҰŮ飬Ǿŵðں޵óӶˡ
˿̵ҲòΨδˡ
һУϫģЩһ֮ǰҫţ˿ȴ̬ٳ̻繷֪ˣֺαصأ
ҲЩһֵңãҷʱҪңһ𸴡
˵գǴϳϫһ

ղһ𾪵Ŀע£գһ֧ƺƵĶתƾʧ
УΨ׳෢ʯѪһ㣬ٿȻɨҰ
ҪҪ
ҰĲҽУ쳹ء

УԳһƬأһİ񹬵
λүֻ»ңɣ
ϫ뿪ʱҰǾʧģͲһЦ
ˣֲǵͥס
ЦЦΪȻ˴ʱϥڹУԱŮΪ赹ˮ
ϫͥһ
ȷܺ棬Ӹһʼɽ磬һֱ˵ͥȴǺ˽⡣
Ҳ֪ɽǧŰУÿһ޶ӵһɾϽеȨƼ
ЩɾҪͥĺ
ͥλڡޡױɵۣʮүǧŰɾԼʥɡɡɡΪЧ
ϿͥͳɽףҲֻɽ󶥼еǿ齨ˣͥеɾǺүԲͬĸС
δңͥʮү֮һһȴδеһλϹŶ
٩٩̸ȼ仰ͽͥĴ
ΨһĲͬڣɵֻһţɵ۵ߵͳ֮У޿ɵۣ̫Ͻ̵һλϡ
ÿʮ£ֻһɵ۵һȾɵۣɽеھŵİȾ
⣬ϫһ𣬰ȾԼľʦ
ҲСʦ롢ʦּ棬ʦֵܣֶû˵ϴγֵҡɽ壬趨ʱˣѾ޸ģ
˿ͻȻӵе֪ԼλδıľʦְȾȻιɽͥɵۣвЩࡣ
޿ɵ۾Ȼ̫Ͻ̵ģ
ϫüͳ޺øС
ǴӺŵһ̫Ͻ̵֮˸̵֪̫Ͻ֮ƿͥɵ֮λʱǼΪС
û취˭̫Ͻߵͳ֮һأ
ЦЦ̬ɣҲصʲô֮Уɵ۵ȨܻסܿܿĴУȴͬ衣
˵ͥɽǧŰеɾĿĶΪάϵɽ
ɾְͥĳԱɽУһԲȫɵ۵ĵǲˡ
漰£ûĸͥɾˣ֮Ȼ
ɵ۵ãʵΪ˺忪ս׼Ͼһȫ濪սҪһλȥԦ͵ǲ
Ȼ廹ûȫսļɵְλĴڣһ塣
˽һУϫвƼգȻʵĸп
һ뵽ɵ̫ϽУվЩ

δɾ
һеĴ磬ɽ续羰
δܾǱ֮ء
ϫ㷵֮ڴ˶ʱ䣬Ϊйǣ뿪
Ҳû͵ɾһŲǰĵ֮꣬ұͷ̤֮֮УԵҳʱ϶Ҳ١
Ҳ˽˳ϫ֮ĶԹǲܾϫȥ
ꣿ
ϫԿЦ㻹濴ԼԼȷؼڣΪвô
οȻҪԼȥ֣
ڳϫУЩǲֵ֮ܽģϸ;ԼֻһԹߡ
ҪǣΪϹߴ֮һޱȣҪ串ҲһһϦܸ㶨ġ
µôӳ飬żá
лˡ
ϫֹ֣Ǹл⼸дҲлڷ֮ʱԼһɱ
ɲǣʱΪ֮ĵ㣬ȻܲԼһɱ٣
ЦЦӳϫã˵֮ȣҵջ󡣡

ɳǡ
˵һղ߳һͦӰǸմδɾصĳϫ
ԶѧԺϤſϤϢϫһ³׷ɡ
ûֱͣѧԺ˲ƶȥ

ĵѧԺһ⡪
ɽߴ֮һ֮ǣһλϹŶ
ϢһֹڵѧԺɽһĪ𶯣һλ֮ӣһλڣ˫˫֮ǣβ𾪣
˵ʱΪϢɢҲΪ˽ͷβ¥ŵĻ⣬ԽԽҵơ
˶ڲ²⣬˭ɱգһλնɱһλ֮۵ڣ
һۣΪϹߴ֮һϣֻԴʲôӦ
һУǺ棬۲ݡ
Щ˽ĴǶԣȴǺһУǳϫ֣ǳΪɽעĽ㡣
ôǳϫʦָɵģ˵ɱգҲ⣬˵ϫʦɱһλǿɾ޻̸֮ˡ
ߣ׳գҲû˵ǳϫʦԶ֣˵и
Ҳһλ˵ʱ֮ǣλһɱϵϹŶ
λļٵģϫʦôӣ
ϫʦûôҲ֪ȴ˵λ֮УλŮ洵
˻
˻һʱһ
ϫѧԺʱӭһĻ


1370 طѧԺ
ڵѧԺЩӶԣҪ̽շ֮ǵ鲢ѣԭǼǳԸ󶥼еĺᡣ
ڱ̫ͣõϢҲһ۰צ޷ŵϢࡣ
ǽԶȷǣ¿϶ͳϫֲϵ
ϫǵѧԺʢԺӣֵҫʵ̫࣬ԵһĳɼѧԺ޸Ժ޽ǰʮԺ˵һ緽һԺ۵֮λ
ǻɾǰʮУ񱣳ųϫͨؼ¼ƶŽܹ
ҫóϫٲȻΪ˵ѧԺҫ۵һǣ£Ϊɽ繫ϵߴ֮һ
Ȼյ䣬ϫʥֻ֮ܳɽ
Ͼ⽾ԶǴ޾磬޾磬Ѳ뵽׷Ѱʥ֮·ĵ;ϡ
£ϫȻпܺλһֹնɱλϵϵᣬǽϵһλն䣬Ϣһֱ羪㣬ʱϫƵǰδеĸ߶ȣɽ磡
ֱ񣬵ѧԺ⣬ѧϰ۴£ϫȻڸֻ֮С
ڴˣϫȴüͷһ壬û뵽ϢȻᴫ֮죬һڵѧԺвȥֻҲưոˡ
鷳
ϫа̾һǲΪϸڵѧԺĿŵԸԼֻԺҪֻҪСˡ
̫Ͻ̶ѽԼж˵ڳﻮԼжء
Ͼڷ֮Уƻ˶ԷļƻԷʧ֮鶼ûлã飬ȳ޿ɲһĴˡ
ʱֻݷѧԺˡ
ϫеһû취ڵͷ̫ʢϡ̫Ͻ̵ĳ޸Ǵﵽ˰ȻĵزһǱԷץסĨɱ˲ɡ
ϫʦ֣
ϫʦֻˣ
죬ȥʳϫʦһ֮еսйϵûУ
ϫӰѧԺУʱһѧĺ䶯һ۾Ƶĳϫӿ
һЩƯŮӸǼвѣĿ¶ݣųϫ֣εرԼİĽ֮⡣
ֳһƬңϫʱһͲҴкƾնȥҲ˲òòˡ
û취һסˣǲ鷳ء
һ죬ѧԺ֪ϫѧԺ֮УһȻ󲨣һ죬һһʦǰ®ݷóϫһֱҹʮ֣ϧԵü
ջšħƺŵԺԺ棬ŸƽֻҾ档
Сӣѣһֳô󶯾ƫƫӸƨɣǸͷ۵¾
Ⱦ棬ҲǸпѡ
ָпҲϰĹԺϯϰԯƾ®ԺԺ֪񵤲ԺԺȻȵȵȵȡ

ϫӮⲻζˡ
⻯߽Դࡣ
ءء
®УʢصĸʳԶǳϫ⿣ʳĺеĸ֡ʡÿһϡɲģֵ⿳˸ζס׿СǴãԵüЦֺ
ĸСһЩﵹҲįڵѧԺҴܣֻû˳ϫ⿵ʳվЩź
ϫڷأĸСһʱ͸˻ˡ
û뵽ںŵеľۣ֪ˣҾ͸һȥһˡһԣһϮȹں㷢磬˫ֻ˫ϥڳϫߣһЦӯӯĸСһԣһ˵
ЩѾų˳Աأ֪ϫշʱ͸ˡ
֮⣬ʡԯҲˡ
һ֮£ҲǴӳϫе֪֮ǰǰŵأڷ֮һȦϫǿ۵崵ļź;ǶǾ̾Ȼѡ
Ȼϫ˲ٶ֮ͼƬ췣֮֮ۡ񡭡ȵǣĶ
ԸЩͬЩǣ̫࣬ٶ̫ϽйأɲðǾ
ϾʵЩΣԵΪС֪Խ࣬ǲá
ۣҾһ׸ˣδ໤ҾоҲȥˡһȻĺģϫʼ磬ԳһЦ
˵ĵҲ٣ΪǷ֮򣬱Ͳһʥɾܹ̤ġ
ǵҲһ㣬ԲԳϫɽ֮ĸ˶֮ܽˣ
οϫԻһ棬ˣȻԵֻҲֻгϫܹײˡ
ˣδʲôģŮ
ʵ
Ҳ˶䣬δɽصһλڣ˭ܲˣ
Ůġ
ϫشԼࡣ
ߣҲ¾ǡ
Ҳ֪ʲôӣһڵĴ۾һתųϫôģ
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ʡ۾ʱԲĿ࣬Ȼ˵δϫλԯҴСĿδҲ̫⺷ˡ
ϫҲǿ񺹲ѣе£ֻǺһΣο˼ҿһĿܿˣ˵ˡ
ʵ˽ԶͷԳϫ˵ΪȻ
ΨԴ룬ɫǿδأǷӣվһŮˣֻҪŮˣӴ֮Ŀܻ᲻ˣ
˻һʵ˶ʱԣλС㻹ﲻݰϫĿô
ǿһλѿ׶飿
ϫҲǱǿķסˣŴ֪ͣ˵ʲôˡ
ɫƺԴ˻Ȼ˫գأһ˼ģֹĹϵһ
ϫ
æתƻˣ˷չôˣ
Ȼһᵽˣעʱһ۾ģϲ̿ڣʱйس˵˵һ顣
ųϫһѧԺվȽŲΪԺ衢ҶƱȼĴ֮ĳҲǹѩƵķɿ׳ӵԺӶԺһԣѾԺѧԺκһѧ⡣
ԯᡱᡱѧӵеĳԱҲŲ˶ѡ
Ҫ֪ԺӣΪﵽ޾ĲŲ˰ˣѧ֯ʮ֮ࡣ
ܹڶ̶ʱھͷչȹģԺˣ
һУȻ벻Ĺ͡
˵ûа㣬˾Բôͷչһ
ΪҪǣڳеĳԱ޲˲ɸѡͿˣҲעвмϸˡ
ڷ
Цܹͨһ˽ѧԺģз
ɽһļӪ˵Ҫҳһͨ߶ܣ


1371 Ҫô
֪ӵģϫΪȴǸж
㿴ЦԺԼһУȻ˼ѪŬ
лңڵѧԺе죬Ҳܷչô죬Ͼ˳Աд붼Ľ
ϫҪڵлæ֮ǰ˵
֮һж벻
ϫ˵ԴǳϿңĿֿ
ϫĿⶢţһһĨգգ۾Цҵĺôкܶ࣬Ժɱжˡ
ϫȻ
ʵ˶Цѡ

ҹʮ̸֣뿪
ѳԱ㣬ͷ˯˵ϡ
ϫֱӽ뵽ǳ֮Уʼ޴
˴κŵ֮УԵΪҲһٽʥ֮뵽ʥ֮·С
ϸһλʥɣΪδյĸִ޷ϤںϣٳԼʥ
ʥɾսҪľʥϡ
ϴҶʱĶֵܶʱǳϫΪޱȣԶѰ֮ҲɻܶԷˡ
ʱԼٵʥֻҪӮø⡣
ʥ
ʥɾĴӵšʥܣɽŲǬ£
ȷӵСʥܣ򡢴֮ȣȫ֮޷Ტۡ
ҪٳԼʥ򣬾ҪյĴϤںϣ̼Ϊ޾ա
ϾÿһִƶҪһһںһ𣬺ΪһӵСʥƵĴ֪кεѡ
ǳϫѰʥɲͬƿصĴ̫࣬໹ǺޱȵĴ޷ơơơ̫ơȵȣһҪٳԼʥҲҪʥɸΪѡ
ϫҲż
ʥȣѾյĸִ޷ƿصزʥɴ༴ӵʥɾΪյĴ޷ȴδԲز
ԶЩʥɾڶԣҪĲǡϵǽ޷ȫԲز
Ķֵܶˣʹֽ׶Ρ
ԳϫԣҪֻʣһ£Ǿǽյĸִ޷Ϥںϣ֮УٳԼķ֮ʥ

Сס̫Ρ̫١𡭡յߴƣÿһִ򣬶ִ̺ҪһϤУȷذ
ϫϥأͷǿգ̲ס̾һ
֪ѡ
֪һ£ɵȥʱ֪һжôס
תĪΪʯȻˣ֣ںϡ
һӦԷΪڣνһһں֮һ֣ǡÿһ㡭
̺ɡࡢ컯ֺҪںֻ»ޱˣǾһں
̫ƿԺںϣתһޣһһһһ̫ǡศɡ
ٷ̺˰ڤߵ⣬˰ΪΪҪںϣ¾ЩѰˡ
ϫһžʶһƬʼɿݡϵ֮Ѷ֪ҲѰٵеںϷš
Ψһʵ̫ѣҪдϤںϣҲ֪ҪķѶʱѪ
䣬ϫһֱڲݡϵ֮𣬽˲ٶ
ϵ֮ʱѭ򽥽һ԰ִͬʱںϡ
ںϴʱΪ˷ֹǱ˴˳ͻײԿռ֮ԸִƵԼ
࣬Īǡ
һ죬еĳϫͨйءϵķ棬ǵϲ֮ɫЩü
ΪͻȻ֣ԼݵķŽСϵںһƣֻ¶Ҫصʱ䡣
⻹ԶԱȽ׵ģںʱѵʱ仹Ҫá
ĳϫ˵ʱ䣬ģɲԸоڡϵˡ
ˣһͼ֮ɣʹѧԺУĬĬһʱҲá
ϫջ˾ԭǴҪշ˼һˣ綯δ֮ǰܵܳǶһΣҲֻʱƻ

һ죬״ҶͻȻá
ϫʦ֣Ҽʦ롣
ϫҶʱһѣҶ͵˴Ŀġ
Ժ
ϫЩԸƢŵġħ棬û취̤Ժʱħһܲõӡ
ǡ
ҶЦЦ
Һ£
ϫ̲סʵٱħĥµӵ׽Ūһˡ
Ҳ
ҶڨڨЦЦ
ϫˣջǴӦ

һéݣΪ¾ɣϫҶִʱһҡƣ⡣
ϫû뵽λԺԺܾеĵطȻ˼ªˡ
Сֻһ飬ǵõʹŵ𣿡
Ҳûϫִֱ󿪿ʵ
ʹŵأ
ɲǼ䣬ϫоһпǴŵʴУֻҪϿɣƾʸȥһǺͼƬˣ
ǰǵʹŵҪô
ϫǵãԺ˽ѧԺĽǣǰĵӽлʹŵ
λӵһȻʸʹŵء
׼ʱ䣬ʱѧԺлʮһУ֮һ
˵ţͽһö򶪸˳ϫйصʹŵصһЩϢʱУ㻹Ǻúĥһ°ɣϾһΣǺܲ׵ġ
ϫֽ̽ӹ̲סͲ̽
ʹŵأѧԺ̫֮һĵ̾Ǳ֮أ
ӳľ仰óϫҲһ¿ȥʱйصʹŵصһЩܡ
ȳϫϸ̽ͱڴϣȥеʱ䷭ģһѯ
ϫ˵֪ǰҪЩʲô
ȻϢһɨգĿˣųϫ˵㲻Ǹղŷ֮ôҽһеһУţúͷйصϢһһңϷ⣬ٲСӵĺô
˵оǴһĨ֮ɫ
Ϣ
ѵϼһҲһλ֤֮
һɲǼ䣬ϫʹƷٶͷǵȷ֪һЩ
ʲô
æ㾡˵˼ɡ
ϫʱͲˣֱӵ֪ǰһЩʲôô
ġô֣ҧüء
ʱһɫʱޱȣû뵽Լֻһ˵СӾȻԼҪô


1372 ʥ
ðΣЦЦаСһԺԺͷˣ
ϫҲЦǰ
ɫƽΪʱףβѪǺѴСӿ˳һЩöˡ
ڵ˵ɣҪɱɲġ⣬ֻҪϷеģͳͳԴӦ㡣
ϫˣЦãһʯϣôޣȫǰˡ
ƤһаŭС쵰θںܴ󰡣
ѰҸɺúáĥ¡ϫһɱһɱɣڡڳϫҲֻˡ
ãϷǡղһЩòϵС⣬ǿһ
һóһɫУʢһųȭͷСӨӨԵӡ
ϸȥȻһƷµķģһʥ嫵Ϣ
ϫһӱϢȻӯһƵʥ
ⱦʥ飬ɽ缫УΪʥɾϵʱĪĸá
Ƴ˳ϫһۣ˹˵ôⱦķۣ
ʥ飡
ϫһɲǣȷĶˣͷ۵ľǺϵҪķ̫ʱ䣬ܹõʥ鸨Ȼܿӿϵˡ
Ҿ֪ϵ֮ʱ޷;һԼΪҲԼȥڤ롢ݡںϸִҪ;ؼá
ΪǽһЩ챦ĺϵ̣ҲǸвͬ
еܹٺϵʱ䡣
еܹϵʱĸ
еȫģĺϵ̣ʥɾȥ
֮һеԳΪܹ֮ʥȥϵؼĻҪȥ
ȻӵԺϵֻ档
ǰһʥ飬һֶԺϵżõĺ屦мУκʥɾԴ
ϫȱĿܲˡ
ǷһĨȻȣԵ⣬СӣϷܣϷףʲôнϵ
ӸղſϫһʱͲѽʥɣԶ֢ҩóʥ飬ⱦҲûãܻһЩԷõϢֶϫˡ
УⱦҶԿпޡ
ǣϫȻܾˣ
ǵİȻȶʱ̣еܻ֪ⱦļֵκʥɶı
ϫЦȻֻǰóȹ屦бȻбⱦģ˵Ŀɶԣ
ɫһͣΪƵƲƲ죬һٴóһû㣬Ϸɾ޻˵ˡ
һţӲӵĲҶ֯ɣʥϢһ֣о쳹һƵֱ顣
ţ
ͬһֶԺϵĹ屦̫ľ֦֯ɣȻӡŴƣֵ֮󣬾ʥ֮ϣ
ԭܼ򵥣ľǻе̫ʱھʧѰٵ
ΪҪüΪϥܹԴĸ֪°빦ľЧ
ϫ۾һñ
侲ҡͷǰ뿴һе
ǿóƺרΪԼ׼˵ΪǷϢԻ˲˼ŲŶԷŽ׼ˡ
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˴۵СۣãջЩŭغݺһڣа
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һɰ죬ջٴóһһϵᡣ
֮󣬾ɲǼӳǧصּǧͷ׺⣬ֱ嶷ţᣬҡա
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ϫһģȻһЦ˵Сһ˱Ϸѹ׵ıΣ
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ϫԥ̾⡰ʥ顱ȷһ屦̫ŰʥѪӯʥУֱš
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ϫȴɫ٩٩̸ֹˣ֮⣬ǰӦһ󡣡
Ƥһ֣С쵰̫ˣѵΪ£ԼͲʰˣ
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ϫˣ룬ջһģóһǰ԰꣬뿴һǲ⣬ߡ
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ʱѹһ𼱻ǣץ׽ģСһϷٿһۣٿһۡ
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Ȼͳͳ
˵⣬ȻָֹųϫЦСӣͿʼȦ׵ϷϹˣ
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һЦС껹ǽƻ
ţȴ޷ܾǵջ̲סղҪϷӦʲô飿
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ϫ˵ţͽе˹ȥǰⱦԭΪ׼ģʲôôҲЦɡ
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ߵıʱٴ뵽˴״̬촽ȴǲƵ΢΢
ʱƣü͵ӿһĨϲܡɫ֮飬֮顭Ӷȴˣĸȵˣ


1373 ʥ
ϫĶˡ
û취ڻһŵ֮λԸƵԺԺֱһһԳϫ͸мϫгԲ
ǣò뿪
Ȼ뿪ʱʥ顢šʥ屦ظ֤Ժϫʲô龡֤ƴˡ
ֽϫȻΪ⣬вС
һŵ֮飬ȡϵ䱦Ӯĳŵȫֵջ񳬳˳ϫԤ
Ͼӵʮһŵ֮飬ɶԣվûôպȥ֤ҲֻҪһŵ֮ѡ
ЩģȻҪﾡˡ
ڳϫĹ滮Уȫĵ֮飬ȥӮѧԺһЩϹŶŵ֧֡
һպϸ𣬾£İˣ
Ȼϫɲ㽫ͳΪ˰ýϢй¶ȥ𲻱Ҫ鷳ˡ

ܾǱ֮뿪󣬳ϫ㾶ֱؽ®С
óһöŵʹŵϢϸںϵܷõʴеϿɣӶ㹻ֵȥһͼƬ
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˱ܹ͡췣֮ۡԿܹܡ֮񡱵ѹְһɱ٣Ѱ֮
ֹˣִܹΪƣܹ˳ʥɣܹ֮顭ȫԺͼƬĹ͡
ӵͼƬܴĺͼԲŵѧԺͼƬ˵ȥˡ
ڣ
ڤ֮ף
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Ǽһֿ飬һĥ¡
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ǳ磬ϫϥϣ˫ֽڸǰ鱧ʥ飬ͷ֮أʥ򿪣һƵʥ
ˡ
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״̬£ϫʼݺںƣʶ꣬޲һ־̺Ŀ״̬

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ټʥ顢šʥĸãܹ˳һ
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˿̵һ״̬УʥУʶġꡭϵƣһһںϽյķ֮С
ֽ仺ǿɳϫȴȻԼεأʱ֮š

һ죬ԺԺҲͬѡ˱չأԺһ񶼽ϯϰ®ȥá
֮ȣϫıչȴź
ҶơɡˣϫдһȻһµշ֮е顣
һЩ¼볽еĳԱҲĿһ³ϫķɡ
źǣϫһѧԺУȻѡ˱չأҲֻա

ѧԺԺһϵĵǰ
ԺϹŶ̩ܾǱ֮ء
һ죬ԺԺ裬Ժϯϰʤǰݷá
չˣ
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Ϊ䣬Щӣɽе£зѧԺҲ⣬ЩҲѹɽߵﶼָָģζжˡ
ҲΪԭЩ˶Գϫֱ޲⣬Ѫ
ϣ˰ɡ
ʤɫҲΪ峤ǰβѩҲ֪õһʲôҿɲϣӽɽˡ
ͷҲΪԣϧǻ԰ţҵҲֻܷ£ҿѩȻˡ
ڴʱ̵ͯӷأλǰҼʦ롣
ʤһ񣬵̵ͯӣ߽˴֮С
ֺ룬ռһƬ
ղޱȵ̩䣬һڴ룬ǵ˯˯ɢһɰƽ͵Ϣ
ݼ̩档
ʤɫ̵ͯʶȤ뿪ˣжʱʣˡ
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Ϊϣ
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̩ǲϵͻȻһĨŨŨĳŪ֮ɫò˵Уǻ˽ң֪ΪϣҿԸһС


1374 Թ
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ʤȴǲҶԡ
ǵǵȷ̩оһֻ࣬ϣûϵ
֮ȲִᷴƼ壬Ҳȥ֧һжάϵӴΪ㡣
ҲζţһڲΣ䵱ǣϵӴʱǾԹ۵ġ
նȫȡҲǻã
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ȴĲΪȻԹʤܿܣѩһŮӣʲôͽƼ֮λ
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Ȼ̩ɨһۣŵúһٺ˼롣
һӲͷƤ˵̩棬ѾȥΪЦڲΣأٲֻ¡ֻ¡
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Ĭã˵ǰֻΪһ飬ֻҪӦټƽնԹ½ԿԽϫݽϣϵһԱԸ𡭡
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䣬أӰʧ
᣿СԺеѩǷһĨŨŨĻ᲻ҪҲգ


1375 ʵ
ǳС
ϫɫׯֱ࣬üһƬһʥϢ

֮ӿڳϫġϵ֮ں£쵶ʵ󣬽ʮ֮һѾ˷
ЩģɫɳࡢڡơࡢԻ۶ɣź嫵ʥϢ
ǺʹƲͬת֮䣬ǡǳĺۼ紵Ҷɣʣд͸Ϣ
ǾʥϢ
񻹺΢ֻռкʮ֮
⣬ǳϫչǳջ
ʱ䣬Žںʮ֮⻹ʥ顢šʥİ£ɴ˿֪ϵкε֮ˡ

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һУйسϫնɱյϢڳͣҲĵѧԺеӵܺͽϰߵﶼַܵ顢ָָ㡣
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Ϊ֣̫漣ҫ
ԣԶ΢΢һ뵽˳˼֮С


1376 Ѱɽ
ɾʮ㡣
ৣ
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飡
һ̧֮ӲϫӰʯԷһȻɣһѷ죬պȻ飬׷ɡ
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ͨʱ䣬һϢ
ˡ
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ʱ䣬ϫϣûиܵʲôѹлᶯóδںϳɹķ֮ʥ
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ΪϣѴﵽʥַĽ֮
ۺ£ϫ񼴱㻹δȫٳԼķ֮ʥյսҲѴﵽ˺ŵĵز֮ͬеĶˮ׼ˡ

ֱɾھʮУϫŸܵһѹ
ʮӵʥɾεĺˣ˲߱ǻۺ־֮⣬طͳϫһޡ
ڴˣϫȴǲϲɱϡ
УɽϯʥԣÿһʥԶһƷɱƥĽÿһƽŷܶҫ۵ķ֮ʥ
һƹԾʥƴ֮
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ݺᣬʥ֮񱩵Ľ󣬽ʮϤС
ۡ
Ƭʱ䣬֫ɡ걬飬ʮɣ
ϫᵽʥǿ
ǿȫʹƲͬһʥѹ̸֮Ц֮䣬Ǭתɽӱ㣡
ϫȴЩźϾδٳԼķ֮ʥ򷢻ӳƱȻǿˡ
ͨʮϢ

һ
ɾʮ֮ƽ̨ϡ
ѾһʱˣϫԵµĴؼ¼ˡ
˳һеɲѣ˵ϫϷ漣ҫ࣬ɱϾŸո̤ʥɾѡ
δʥ֮£ܹһȫµļ¼Ѳ漣ǵ߸بĽޣ
ȻϫһΪĻֻ»ᱻط˸Ĩˡ
ؼǣϫʦʥɾŲãܹʥʱҾܹˢһȫ¼¼
˶ԴҲΪȻ
Ψüλѵˣϫʦڴصʮ㵽ʮĹؿʱҲһ͡
һһ˳ϫǴλԻս̶̼δصʮ֮ϣԾͨʯһλãѧԺ
һΣϫʥɾܷڴһεĻԻأ
û˸ȷҲû˸ȥ񶨡
Ϊǳϫ
һڲϴ漣ҫ
˳˼֮ʣϫӰƾոƽ̨֮ϡ
ʱü壬ϢЩǱ֮ɫûжය㼴ת뿪˻ɾ
ʱ䣿
ϫ뿪̲סʵ
һӣֻһӣʮĹļ¼
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˻һƽ̨϶ʱһ
սδˢ¼¼ҲˣϾ֪ϫŸոʥУδʥ򣬾ܹ˶ʱڴʮعؿǸһЩʱ䣬ɴµļ¼
ǳϫʦܣԶ˲һġૣüһĨ֮ɫ

Уƿʥڴصһ˲ʱȫôǱˣʱ䡣
ص®֮󣬳ϫͿʼңԼڻɾеıֽܽᡣ
գεķ֣ٴǵһ˲ؿΨһҪľʥ
ȻϫνĿ٣ɲǼһɱԷֻΪʱ䣬Ҳͨʽ쵽
ΪһЩƳںϡٻһɽǿɽ
ɽѾĳϫٷӳƣϾɱ䴫Իգվֻһ׼Ʒѡ
Ϊִʥɾܹ֮֮ƥģΨ̫ɽ
ϧոˣƾѼĸɲģԽٴˡ
ϫƲƲ죬Ȼ֮ԼĽҲΪԼãԼɽ˵й¶ȥ𲻱Ҫ鷳ˡ
ҲֻѰһֵɽˡ
ϫ˼ãһת뿪˽®

ʦȥֵһһ̫ɽ
ҶȻ
Ҳ֪Ǳ߹أϣҶʦָһ
ϫͷӶ뿪󣬾;ֱҵҶΪľֵȥһһɽˡ
Ҳû취飬ٹ죬ʹŵؾҪ׼ˡ
ϵвرƺ«ӡඵƵȵȡЩվɽ޷䡰֮Ϊ׷ӳ
̸ָ㣬ҿǺΪϫʦЧ͵ġ
ҶЦЦʹųϫֱֵɳ۶ȥ
Ƭ̹󣬳ϫҶһ幬Уռعģڰһˮ̨жѷŸָı䡣
ϫǵһǰϴλԺ۵֮λ®ǰڴˣڴĲУȡһ籾ԴƬ
һҴҶۻֵеĹҲξʹҶһǰ
ϫʦ֣̫ɱڴ֮УҶȻԴ˵·ֱųϫȥ
һ·ϲѧԱӶͶһϫʱԶɫһ񣬷׷׳кΪ顣
ʶֻܳ京Цͷʾ⡣
ҲЩӽԶܲѣ׷׿޳ϫǫͣΪ㣬ûа㽾֮ǸӦеķ緶
ࡣ
ֱִУϫŰһ˵ʵֱ񻹶ЩӦֱάķΧԼһ


1377 Ƽɽ
ɽ̫½ףǧؽƣ񾪣ʦŷƣֵֵ
ɽ̫нףߢī֮У⺮ڤʯƾʮӸ߽ɲĴɣԺϯϰֵ֣֮һǧֵ
ҡɽ̫ϽסֵһǧŰʮֵ
̫帡ɽ̫伫סֵǧֵ

ֵ̨ǰϫڳеһƷǷɽҲǸпѡ
󰡣
һ̫½ɽֵļ۸ǻѰӣֻҪܶܳôһֵ
Ȼֵڳϫǲûʲô̫׼Ʒɽÿһļֵǧֵϣ
ǧֵ
ǰĳϫֱ
ÿ¶ӵнһǧֵˣҲԶһȰˡ
ϫʦ֣һεƷ̫ɽҿԸһٴειְ񣬶Դ˻˽⡣
ҶһЦ
Ŷ
ϫƳ˶ԷһۣȤ˵˵Щ̫׼ƷɽУһ󣿡
Ҷü룬ҡͷƷɱԶѴﵽ˼ޣֻкʲʵ֡
ϫͷ˻Ҳʵڡ
ҵǾɽΪʺʦ㡣
ҶЦЦָм̫׼ƷɽڤɽǵԺԺ֪彣˼ҽ벽Σͽ˽˴˵أԶһֵ
ָһɽѪ˪ɽԺӻյһϹŵдأں޽壬˴˵ء
Ƽɽ˽̫ʮƷ֮ҶĪ⣬̫׷룬걻һλ֣ͨնɱǿ䶯¡
˵⣬Ҷɫ䲻һĨϧ֮ɫϧ˽ѣ̫أֻܷӳ̫׼Ʒܡ
Ƽɽô
ϫĿӹȥȴ˽ͨӨԼĪָ߳һƵ֮Ҷ㣬ͷųĻɬϢ
ϧǣǽƣأˣ˽ɢƾˡ
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ϫһ̾ĿŲƿڤ⡢Ѫ˪ɽϣһҡҡͷ
˵ɽãǴӽɢϢУϫ˲жϳǲʺԼ
գǽĿƼɽϣԽԽϧһ屦ôͱٳˡ
ϫʦĪ˴˽
Ҷ̲סѵô˽һֱڴˣ˵ֵǧֵȴûѡ̫أһõʹôһﵽĳ޾ͻ᳹ױ飬Ϊ㡣
ϫͷҶ˵νһеġ
ͬҲƼɽܷӳ̫׼ƷɱһʹãŴ࣬ͻһֱ
ǧֵһһɱȷܻҲֲڴôãҲʽˡ

ϫȴǴע⣬óµݸҶҶҰһˡ
ҶһЩţ̲סϫʦȷ
ϫЦЦҶȽϺ棬Ҫоо
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ҶϫһֵԶһǿ̫ɱˣʦҪٿһ£
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ֵУֹϫҶˣвӳϫһһֱ
˿̼ȻִҪǧֵһһɽϽԶƵ¶һĨ֮ɫȥŪϫֻǸоֱԩͷƵģѵֵûˣ
һУϫš
Ҷϫֻ̬̾˿ųϫӡˮ̨һݵĲۿС
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ȵȡ
ҶҪ뿪ȴϫסҶʦܣٰѡһɽ
Ҷһ㳹ˣϫʦһƼɽȻֻΪооĻһһɱˣ
ǡʦ㻹Ҫ̫׼Ʒɽ̲סʵ
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˵ԣȴǴǶס鴤һ£ӿһĨۣһ̫׼ƷɽһȻƴְ
һҲ˲ȥϫǲԩͷˣûԭ˼ֵԣ˭ֹܵţ

ϫҶֵ뿪ʱѶɽһƼɽһɽ
ɽֵǧֵ߰ÿһ涼㶥⣬ۼۺܣȴΪ
ϫǿһ㣬ƿصսֶβһǡҪۺܲ׵ɽ
һֻʣһǧŰٶֵ
ҪһͼƬֲ֪ҪѶʱȥˣϫҲģֻҪܴӵʹŵлõʴеϿɣͻȫͶ뵽׬ȡֵжУټÿ¶ǧֵˣҲ޷㹻Ŀֵˡ
޷õʴеϿɣôӵٶֵҲǰ״
ϫʦ֣㾿ǳʲôԭŶһƼɽ˼ȥҶ̲סʵ
ϫ룬Ц㲻ɽܲƽ𣿡
ҶһĪǳϫʦƼɽвʲôͬѰ֮
ȴûʳվǳϫıˣмʲô飬ҲǣһЩ˽֮£ɲðȻȥˡ
ˣֵ˶һɱ֮⣬ǻñһֵô
ߵֵһʱϫͻȻԼϻòϵĸֺɲģԳô˻ȫһֵˡ
ֵһֵʱ;һǽԼıĴ˵أעһֵͬҪ͵øֵһ׹̣ѧԺȡһɵֵá
Ҷɿ͵ڶ;ǾۣԵȴһЩĴרŵľ̨ϣעһͼ۸Ȼһޣһ֮˾ܻô˱ѧԺӾгȡɵֵá
ѧԺҪɣڰ
ϫ̲꣬סۡ
ϫʦ֣ҪʲôҶʵ
һЩɲģǴĺлãһСǴսϻáϫڴ
ĺ
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ۣҶʱףϫҪֵıԲˣҽʦǰ̨жһ
ϫʼ磺˵ѧԺ̫ݣҲֻˡ


1378 ҽ
ֵ̨
һռذɵƽ̨ܲŲԽơ
ϫҶִʱͿƽ̨ϷƯŸָɱ䡢ɲġҩ磬ɫͷףɷѤ
ϸȥһıԶһ͸УͷųλƵĹ
ϫע⵽ƽ̨Ưĸֱ˵Ʒ׸вͬȷһǺ֮ϡޱȡ
Ҷָƽ̨ϣܵϫʦ֣ϱÿһԾۣܼ򵥣ѡĳʱʶ̽УעԼĳۣȾʱߵľܻô˱ˡ
ʱֵеĵӻר̰ɱ͵ݾ۳ɹߵУֵĶô鷳ֱʵֶһ
ŶˣЩÿһݣб֣ԶһԽƣֹܹԣ˵Ժ˼Բ¡
˵⣬ҶЦЦʦеıٴξֻۣ軨ֵȡһЩ֣עһĿ;޾Ϳˡ
ϫţҲǰ棬ʶ̽һУԺжʱһϢ
ѩǸ߽׺ɲġ
ۣ߳ʮֵÿһξ۲һֵ
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ϫĬĬ˼һ£Ҷһƽ̨һİǰ빺һλߣֱܡ
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ڴ˵ְ꣬ûϫһ־Ҫٸֵģ˵ÿһֵһֵЩھ̨ã߶磬ȫûʲôô
ϫ˵ͷ
üȻϵóϫ̲סѵˣϾ̨ĿɶǺɱһЩͨɫȥֻۣ»ԴϾÿһվֵɶҪɷõġ
ϫЦˣǰЩҶ˽ˡ
߻ҪѣȴԱνϰϫʦֳ֣ǷƷó֣ҵȻҪһϫʦղصĺñأ
ŻȻĿųϫԭǳϫ˲𰡡
˵ţһѶһ
жѻһſСſӨԲĵɫӣһƵĽϢ
֣СǶɱʱͻγһݹ֣Ϊ档
ֵϫٸ֣ûκγɣЩһһǶЯĸֺɲϣÿһɲһһעѱԤõľֵޡ
һУֱ˾̨ǰ
ʱ򣬾̨һڵӺͽϰΣǸղŶ˵˳ϫٸ֣ȻΪڴóʲôϡˡ
Ҫ֪ĳϫѧԺе죬ٲȻѧԺҫ۵һǣȿóıǷƷˣ
һУϫһЦ֮ٸһԶھ̨֮ͺҶһֱ뿪
죡ϫȻóټ
죬ҿЩʲôɫǷֵþˡ
˻̫ţ֮ǣ֮飡֮꣡
쿴ԹԣսеĲѮƤǣпɸѰٲˣ
ǣȥ֪ͨѦʦ֣Ѱٶıڤػɢۣ
ǷҪǰսһأû뵽ȻҲܿɲҪˣ

ϫҶһ뿪Ǿ̨ǰʱը˹һ̾Ȼ˶׷׳æ֪ͨǰ̨Ψһˡ
вٵѰ಻ס׷׿ʼۣ֮
ԭڳϫóټԶ󺣡սϣмѰٵõһϡ÷Ƿ
£벻Ŀѡ
ʵҲЩ󺣵ĺɲģɶδϫռģļʶѡеĸɲģͨɫˣ
Щһѵ𣿡
һĻֵطĵӺͽϰԶüѣ̨ǰһʱҲһ𣬲Ҳǿϲѡ
ȻҲв˴ǿˡ

ϫʦ֣ҼЩɲĿɶϡĺܣôóֶһ
ֵ߳Ҷסʵ
ЩҶûôҲûãõɲģҿɲˡ
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ҶʦܣһЩΪʺϴ޾ҩɲģ°ɣ׸һˡ
ϫóһֱ˹ȥͲݶԷܾ
ϫʦ֣ҡҡ
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ϫЦѣǺҶ򣬿ɶԷҲſռ壬Ѱˣ
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Ҷʵصͷȴǰˣʦ˵Ƿ飬ܾܾˣҺöԷǳϫʦ֣Ƿһ鵹Ҳ
ԭԼӵ飬ҶΪ򣬿ɹȴ壬ǿ֣ԲŹ涨򲻵ѣǧҪǷ飬飬ɡ
ϧ벻ǣҶѾǷ˳ϫһ顣
ȻϫɴûЩףΪҶˣΪء

Ҷֱ֮󣬳ϫֱص˽®С
飡飡飡
һأϫֱóһƼûκγɣźӡͳƼȥһ
ϸȥϫӶӡĶƴֱʵСޱȣƲ㽫Ƽɽˡ
һĻǱҶǾɣǼֵǧֵı̫ʮƷ֮ҶأҲǿ̫׼Ʒɱ
ɫʵɱȴϫϧһͨң˭ֻ¶۲ѡ
꣡
ֱκһ쳹
ϫʱ֣ʱû취Ƽɽأô̫ܿ׼ƷɱѾһ
ϫ£ӹȥ
˿̵Ƽɽ߳Ľѳһķ϶󰵵ܼ߰˰ˣٱϵıԵ
ϫעڴˣ˿ȫǽ϶ɢһεĹס
һ⣬͸ͷһ˿˿԰Ĺ
һɲǼ䣬ϫ۾֮Ȼˣ˭뵽Ƽ֮ڻһ


1379 ŵؿ
ꡭ
ϫСĽƼɽǲƵĽʿ¶һӨӨɢĽߡ
ԼĪĴ糤ϸӤָڣͨһҶ״ӨӨ紿͸꣬һƵԹϼʥޱȡ
һ齣߳ΣѵõȴͬȻγɣʮ㣬һ㡣
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һֱרһеĳϫĻˣ̽һץʩչռ֮˲Ϣͽ·ŻС
ˣһҶƵĽأԲóϫҲһ󰵰档
ֵʱ֮۲Ƽɽһ˿쳣ϢĴҲΪҪִһ˱ԭ
ʿһȻ˱֮ƼɽĶһȻĽߣ
Ҫ֪Ƽɽ̫ʮƷ֮Ҷ̫ʱڣͨ켶С
ɴˣͿжϳһȻƼɽеĽкε֮ˡ
ݳϫжϣƼɽصһӵ̫׼ƷɱԴһϣ
һߵ֧ţƼɽҲֻһͭˡ
ϫڲؾԺһϵ伮ϱ߾ͼһйʮƷĴţ˵ﵮ̫УʮһƷһ磬һһУʮк֮壬֪ʮƷͷε֮
һʮƷҶɱУͬһӰ㣬ܹ׳֮
ϧ񽣹Уһ뽣֮Уֻ˲̫ײΣԺףҲܵһߵ桭
ϫһ˱СȽعԼһգͳ׽ˡ
ϫûٵ飬һɽóǳпʼҪܽɽϤﵽƿĵز


һҲǵʹŵؿӡ
ϫǳ߳뿪˽®ȻеĽԺһСԹšɽǰ
ɽƺãɽۻ룬ᣬһɻçϢ
ϫִɽǰʱʱͿɽһƺϣһӰȺлмΪϤס
ϫ˴νʹŵصĵ£ʮˣԺʱȡǰεĵӣֱǰսɡԼ
һЩԺϵӣֱ衢Ҷơꡢ䡣
У衢ꡢ㡢˳ϫϤ֮⣬ϵãҺͲ˹ϵ
Ҳóϫʹŵ֮ǰһжУһЩĵӣԵδõⲻ˺ͶԷ໥ƺɱ
Ȼ˴εʹŵصж벻ᷢˡ
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ʱҶơҲ˸ոյִĳϫЦӭǰȥ
ϫҲæȭЦһһܹ֮Ҷһ뵽˴жУҲΪ˵ġ
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ܿͲЩΪᣬﻹǼΪġ

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˽ԶԺеƵӣʥɾã͹㣬ʥǰĶڣҲλжʥ
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ҪõʴϿɣһǽ벻ڣѰٵڤ֮ףͨѪصĿˣԻõʴϿɡ
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ˣ
ԹɽϿգزһɾҵĿռ䲨һ䡢صŻƾո֣ӳǰ
мǣֻһµޣһºأᱻУڷԸһ㼴һۡ
¡
ȳϫӦ˾ͱһ޷ܵϯǰһڣҲ֪һС


1380 ڣ

һ󲨶ϫӰԴǱش̧߳һŷԼѾһƬİ硣
֮䣬ѩƮҷ͸󺮷Х絶
һƬԭشһͷ
ǵʹŵеķѩˡ
ϫૣмأʹŵرǵʵܾ޵֮أԳһƬ磬ѩ򣬾ǵʹŵеһʼء
νʼأǴƬѩƽԭϣԽ뵽ʹŵص
Щܹϰٸ֮࣬ÿһһС磬ڴŲͬĻԵ͸ء
ȻȻлԵ͸أȻҲſĥ£Ψͨĵӣܹкô
ؾͬؾгպͽѣʹŵصĴڣרΪѧԺĥ׼̸жգҪúôͬôˡ
֮ʹŵȫԳһս֮أרΪѧԺڵĵ׼

ųϫִڴ˷һȦȦĲֳҶơɡλӵӰ
Ƿѩ򣿡
߰ɣֻһµʱ䣬ɲ˷λԵ
ȥ
ڣ
ꡢ㡢˸һ֣ʹҴһӰһͳԶƾ˲ƶȥ
Ȼд㣬˴νʹŵأΪ˾ǻõʹŵϿɡ
ৣ
뿪֮Ȼһ˵ҲӰһʧѩУʼûкκν
ϫѾ鱾ˣ̸ϹƧֻϰ˶ˡ
Ǵȥ
ϫʵ
Ȼǲڣ
Ҷơɡͬ
ϫЦЦǾһжɡ
£һҲչж볯Զɳ۶ȥ
Ψֻʣǰսԭأԥѣڲ뵽˴ж֮ǰѵõλڲؾԺеϹŶһСѪսС
ǡڣҲĶѣһʱ֮ЩԾ
Ͼͨڣ֮󣬾лõʴеϿɣԵ˭Ҳ޷Ķˡ
ˣȥڣһͨ俼飬תȥѪս֮󣬰սһҧ˾ϡ

ѩ󣬷ֲϰٸͨ;ڣ֮һ
ʮλڽʹŵ֮ǰжӵһйصʹŵصٽѩ֮󣬵ҲѰٲⲻڣľλá
ǷɳյʱһϵŻ˱ѩ֮С
һŻֵļΪͻأǶ֮УһƬͨһ·
ϫǵִʱû˵Ӱ
һŻǲڣˣŵǰٴ˵ʱѼ̫ʱӡϽ֮УŴһؾ
ҶƸпһ䣬ȴӽ뵽һŻ֮С
ˣ
Ż֮󣬳ϫֻǰҰһ䣬ǳһƬ嫵ǿ֮У
ǿպ嫣׺ǳ˸ضĿĹ
𺳵ǣһƬǿУȻһϷڣÿһڣߴͨڣͷųϡׯϢ
ǿ֮УϫΪԼһƬҷظڣ
Щڣÿһϰǳߴۻһ㣬ʵں󣬵ΪҪһڡ
ϼأǲڣ£ǧ֮࣬ÿһڣжһ̫ʱڵӡ
νӡ֮ʣһ־־߶ǿ󣬳Ǳ£Ҳ޷ĥ
ǰǧڣУŵ̫أѼǧӡһϽƣγǰһĻ
εߣ˭뵽̫ʱͻô䣬治̫ʱڣؼ便жͨߴˡ
пɫһĨ𺳡
Ҳͼ࣬ĿһĻþƽ
ΨϫԵƽ࣬Ϊ˷֮жѾ֮ϣĴڣ
ֻܳߡ
Գϣ
λǧڣǧÿһڣнԶһɲ־ҪõʴϿɣһѡһڣнܿˣֻҪܹͨܽķڤ֮׵򣡡
ҶһĿƵǲڣеĿ飬ֻһǾڲ־Ķ֣ÿһֶҪҵȾ߳һҪͨϼѡ
ŲڣĿˣֻʧһǧΣһǧ֮ͻᱻͳڣԵһ˹ؿС
ɫϾ˵֪ʹŵÿһοʮλӽУЩʮа˾Ǳŵʴжɾ֪ⲻڣĿˣųɵĵӵ⣬Ҳȫû״
˻һɫԶϾࡣ
ϫͬҲ𿴽벻ڣнܿ˵ĻǧΣɶȴǼΪǿ£޷һǧλڽܣǾͳ׺͵ʴԵˡ
ʦѾʼ벻ڣпˣ²˳٣Ҳʼжɡ
촽˵Ө׵üһĨڴ֮ɫ̲סԾԾˡ
Ҳãұѡһš֮ڣˡ
ҶȻһЦӰһƾնȥĿע֮£ǿһڣǰûκγɵؾͽУʧ
֮
ϫһʶɨȥȻͷǷֲǿոڣÿһֳͬĴϢһͬ
ҲʶһǴš֮ڣкε˵ˡ
ЦһҲȥ
涵͵ѵŴ޵ǧоӦоУȻˣұѡǿ͵
һһţҲƮȻ뿪
ת˲֮䣬оֻʣ˳ϫ
ѡεȴܿ飿
ϫһסʵ
롣
ϫڴıģʵѡһĲڣģΪһпʱٷ֮ʥкô
һʵؽܵƣϾ߱ǿսڡ֮ĽΪϡ
ڣĿģǿԼķ֮ʥǻõʴϿɣһѡ񽣵ǷΪսֶξ͵˼˼ˡ
Ŷˡ
ˣҲԥתȥ
ˣѡһĲڣɣڿٷ֮ʥԺеǻᡭ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫһ˾ϣĿǿռһɨͿһĲڣ
Ӱһǿм˸͵ִǲڣ֮ǰ̧һϺȻš̫Ž֮ڣ߸ϲԾּ
ּ򳣬׾ۻ룬ԶԶһһ˵


1381 ת˲
̫Ž֮ڣ
һй׾ۻּϫʱףһڣصһ־Ȼλߡˡ
һɽһ뵽ڣ֮ڡ
ৣ
һ̣ϫѳһƽ̨֮ϡ
ӳľǽ
һָɽƽ̨Χ罣֣֮֮
ÿһɽɭȻ˵ķɱ֮һƣҪƬ˺顢նƣ֮
ƽ̨룬ϥһߣ۾ϥţֱ֫뷢һƬ˿ݡ
ԶԶһϫֻǰһʹ񿴼Ĳһˣһһϻɱ֮ľ
Ȼ˾һڣصһ־ˣҲǡ̫Žߡ
ৣ
͵أ۾Ŀ˺գϫ
ɲ֮䣬ϫðһɺ类һͷ̫ž޶סÿһë
Ŀʵ̫ˣʵʵУ̺ſɲĽ⣬նи֧飬Ѱڴˣֻ˲ͱһĿĨɱˡ
ϫ˿ͬҲܣս֮ĽΪһĿעʱɸܵһѹ֮
΢΢ɫ䡣
ָоһɲ֮ʧһ̣λվӣ˫ָĮȻųϫ
ʥɾΪҲѩ֮
߿ڣϣ絶罣͸һĨɱ֮ϵһƽ̨Զġ֡УطһɽС
˽߶磬ͨѩɣӨ͸һĨ̺Ѫɫ˵ѪᣬΡ
ɽѩ̫ɱ
ˣ
ɽ֣ƾɲǼ࣬˰벽ˮ׼
ΪһɱɭĽȴʢȻؼһλ˷Ǭ
Ŵ˷ѹȶĿֲƣϫаЦȻ˵ǰ㣬ڣеĶ֣ΪҪǿһͷһܻܶԷ
벽
㲻Ժɨκʥɾˡ
ԷɲֻΪ벽ô򵥣ΪﵽˡΨءĽ֮
һλֻ֣κμ˶Ҫٲѡ
ৣ
ͻȻˣһĨգƴʱսޣبб۶Ŀ֮
ϫӦֱһľʹʺӿȫ궼ƺиƬ
ɲ֮䣬ʤУϫĨɱ
飡
һɲǣϫ˵һƬڰС
һ󣬽еڶο飡
һڰռ쳹
ϫǿŻµľʹڴϢںڰϥǺȻѣһĨ̫£м֮
Ǹ磬һͱɣ
ҲҺڲڣ֮ڣν𡱲ָһλߣָڣеĵӣǧοᣬĨɱ
£ʵ̫ˣ
ϫһȫתΪŻӿľʹһԺзɿ˼ŶԵ֮ߡ
ֻһ޸ʱ䣡
һ֮󣬵ڶο˾Ҫʼϫĸ˷ʱˣԽһλֲڣ־֮⣿
ѣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ϫʾ֭벻һѲԡ
ɫأⲻڣĿ֮ҲΪԹܹõʴϿɵĵӻ֮ϡ١
һأֻ¶޷ͨˡ
ô죿
ϫŬԼƽԺвָһĨ羪էְĽ
һĨ̫ޣ˼£˴ɾһ˿̻Ϣȴһɾ춯صĿֲơ
ϧڳϫĨɱ̫죬Ͳ׽Էһе塣
Դ˿ԺܹˣһĨҫ۾޵Ľ޷ŵ䱾ʰˡ
ڶο鿪ʼ
֪һʱ侹ҴҶţһƬڰռٴһ
ˣ
ȳϫӦٴγһƬƽ̨֮ϡ
ȻٴοһƬ֡Լһλ㽣룬۾һϮ£뷢ҵĽߡ
ϣ
һΣϫʶɽȫתȫΪԣʢô󣬻ͻ財
ɱ
һĨӳϫƼ䱩Ӷٵɫ⣬Юš֮Ŀֲƣиӿһƻδںϳ׵ʥϢ
һؽԾƽ̨ܵɽ
һǳϫʥɾ֮ʩչǿһ˵ǹףħӧ档
ߣҲִʧϣ
һ͵شȳҲһƽնȥ٣ңһֱӽϫһĨ顣
ƲٴνϫĨɱ
ǵȾ֮ˣֱƿ򽣵ף
һ˺ľʹٴӿȫأϫڶν뵽һƬڰռ֮У̲סһʹ
ָоʵ̫ĥˣǧͨиϫڣ忡Ť
⽣ߵʵ˿ֲ
ڰռУϫ֪֡Ĩɱˣɵһֵ龰ʱ޷Ƶظܵһɴֲ
Ƕľ壬ؼֲ
ָоֻ֮һ⣬ܳܵʹ࣬ת˲Ŀֲϫĺġ
ǵģʥ֮ԴʱϫҲ޷׵ظе־壬޷ȥɵ
֮УܹƿصģҲΨˣΪԭ߷֮һ
ȥһǧοֻ»ɡ
֮󣬳ϫظƽšü˼ѣ֮ǰҲ˵ʷ벻ڣӵУҲһЩΪܿʱ޷Ŀֲյı߻ħġ
Ľǣ˵ɵ;׷ϵ
ֲ顭ֻвηʱغͶԷ
Լ֮䣬ϫϡЩֿĿˣ׹ףȴǺҪĲηǺε֮ѡ
ˣ棬ҾͲһǧ֮ڣ޷ǽ߸ˣգϫԺȫĵؿʼ˼ʩչĽ
ο˽һʱ䣬ֲĴ̼£ϫǱ类׼Ժпǰ״̬֮£ܿͲ׽ǽʩչеһ˿Ϣ
ҲֻϢѡ
ҪĲЩǽ߽֮еİء
ΨѰٵƽ֮
רעĳһʱʱͻ÷ɿ죬һΣϫǲʲôѹֵĸо
ΪһʲôҲ˲ϣȫڲ׽ĥԷĽϢȻʱš


1382 ע
ڰռС
ϫϥü˸ǻ۰Ĺ
ԺУȫߵĽϢ
еĳϫۼ֮ѳ˷ʦ룬Ҳݺ֪ʱҪ߸Ϊǿ
һȳزġĵزѾܹﵽ΢֪һɳǧСĲΡ
ͺñ£ݣԺнֳһƽĳΣȻģȴѾ˵һ˿ۼ
һƽۼʩչĽֻһ˿ۼɳϫţԼһƽƣȻлŵİڣ
ο鿪ʼ
ڰռУٴһ
ৣ
ϫѣһƽ̨֮ϡ
һ̵ɫת˼£ԺһƬξ
ʲô־塢飬ʲôʴϿɡͳͳԺ֮нֻʣһͷܶԷ
ڶ棬ɫĮȻɣϫ֣ѩɽңңһָһ򵥵ĶȴһɿֲɭȻĽӿ
ৣ
ձն顢ƿƽȴһɱ£ﲻơ
һɲǣʱ䶼ƾֹ
һĨӳڳϫĺ֮УӦԺһĨĻȣһţ
飡
һɳ͸ľʹٴӿȫأһٴαһĨɱƷһת˲Ĵֲ
طڰռС
һûʹûзŭûȻûвġ
һʧܣϥϵľʹһ˲ͽԼһĨӳԺеĽϡ
һΣϫδһĨȴعĦһĨĹ켣Ϣơһɶе־
еܡ
һ˶ֵǿ
ڶ˲򣬿ʼݶֽеһϢŵ˶ֽеһģΡ
ᵽһĨİڣȻģֽȴϫһĨϣ֮ǰǰ㣬Ϊ̫ǿʺͷŭ
Ψһϫļµģֱһ˲䡰ĨɱĿֲɲǼ䣬ֱ飬ʶȥ⣬ȴһʱܹȥȫӡ
Ͼ
ϫҲʶԼη֮ʱԼһ̡

Ĵο˿ʼ
ο˿ʼ
ʮΡ
ʮΡ
ʮΡ
ʱƣϫ顰ĨɱһһΣڼʱھһһ
Ѱˣֻѱ֮ĴֲĥľϫԴ֪ҽעȫߵĽϣϵĿ־岢δٵĳ
ָֻоںʡ
ԭĽѴﵽԲز
ԭνģĶ޾أ޾أܹᴩԦ򡭡ҲǽԲУ
ԭ־á
ÿһΡϫջһֲͬȻϸСɵЩϸСѻһȴʵɱ䣡
µĳϫڵȣɱĵ

ʹŵ⡣
°׷ĻհԹɽۣ֮ˣƿ˵ʹŵеһС
벻ڣˣ
ӰƿնȻ®̩䡣
š
յ˵ͷ
ŶЩСһﶼѡĺεڣ
®չ֮󣬱ԺһҲǴԺԺְ
Ȼ˼ԺǵʹŵС
ֹϹŶĿ⣬ĬĬعעŴ˵أֻû®̩һڴ˰ˡ
ϾʹŵŵʴУʿѧԺĵߣйĴУѧԺ嶼ͬѰ
ѡľ֮
ѡ˷֮
ѡˮ֮

˳ϫҶ֮⣬ս˵ɿһ顣
ЩСһﵹǴǧڣ֮ڣС׵ڣͨ
®͵ص˵ͷ
һֱĬ̩ȴʵϫأ
˻һһֱɫĮȻĻͻȻŤͷƳ˶Էһۡ
®ҲǷһĨ֮ɫ
ڴˣ̩ȴɫɣޱȵϿκεֻȴǺԷ֮˷ӦɽУ˶֪˳ϫС
䣬Ҳͳϫй˵ɽѰѳϫϵ˵жԴڡ
ΪϵһԱȴ˳ϫȻһЩ뷨ˡ
ϫ뽣֮ڣˡճĬƬ̣㿪ڴ
ʲô
ߣ
С޶ۣǿǧڣյһأԹ񣬸һܴ
ԭϷţ˵˴οõʴϿɣЩ˰
ҪôۣСһϿǷ漣ģҵЩڴһܷǴ۽һ¡
Żյ£ֹ®̩䣬˷УҲһ̸
ȻЩѧԺеϹŶһֱĬĬעŴ˵ء
ߡȷЩְ
®üĿȴƳ˻һۣǺĻҲѡʹŵأѡΪ֣ʧܶ顣
ֹǼ֣ǧڣΨһһ̤㽣֮ԽʦΪ֮սʱͰУ׺͵ʴԵ
ƽڣ鲨ΪһξҴӵʹŵطغһ̤뽣֮
Ȼ£®̩䶼΢΢һĵһһգǽ߶ָ֣οǳϫ
ǸҶҲѡ˵֮Ϊ֣Ƿɹӵʹŵطأڵͻơ
ͻȻٴοڣЩע˵صϹŶһ̾
ȻҶƺ͵֮ԿһϹŶȻԳϫıָȤ
ʧܶٴˣ
®̲סʵ
ʮΡ
ճĬƬ̣㼴һ֡
ٶˣûãлᡭ
®ૡ
Ѿͨڣ飬뵽ڤ֮ˡղѣһھȫһƬȻ
СѾͷȷ˵ðÿһλͽ
˵СѾͷѾʥɾˣҲ֪ǳϫȣǿˡ
һλпܱ˵ʴϿɡ
֮ˣڤ֮ܲϽƣųƿؾʮأƾһˣǺͨġ
Ժͨڤ֮ʱҲǺϻˡһϣŵִﵽѪأƾһ֮е
һУնţڵʹŵУһֱڹעÿһӵı仯
ǳϫʱʱ̹̿עš
ڴԼû飬ϫˡ


1383 η޾
ǵڼˣ
磬ֻѾ˲ֹٴ˰ɣ

ٵĴϢУϫںڰȻ̧ͷɫɷһƬ
ʹѾľĵĿ־ҲѱһĨĨȡ
Щ£ÿһͬǵϢơһɶе־ȴһޡ
һ̵ĳϫʲôҲû룬ΪѾԼ֮ﵽ˼ޣδܲŵһƽеİء
Ϊʲô
ԼѾþֶΣΪʲôУ
ȹؿ޷ԽΪֻڵʹŵ֮УΪλѧԺӽнܿ飿
ΪԼǿ
ԣȻǶԵӵĿ飬ôȻƣԼֱҲٴΣɿԼܿˡ
ǾΪʲô
ϫȻȻһϥںڰУ֮һƬհס
һ̵ȷʲôͷҲûˣħУȻʱţȥἴһ֮Ŀ顣
ˣ
Ȼֿհ״̬£ȴͻأһĨԺУ羪է֣ҫƥ
Ȼ󣬵ڶĵһĽȺ㣬Ժ֮Уٵ֮ࡣ
Щ֮ǰǰ㣬һƳ޼Ѱڲϵشӳֳǧͬ켣ӯһȻȥεɡ
ܿ죬Щ켣Ϳʼһһںϣһεˮڻ㣬Ƭʱ䣬Ժ֮Уͽֻʣһƽ
һƽɾ͸ƽѰѰɵԺ֮ʱȴóϫܵһɴԲиɻĸо
ţ
һɲǣϫشһɿհ״̬ѣૣһһ
ĺһƹ⣬ɢҵ̫㣬ͫס
ԭĽ
ڰУϫǷһĨĵЦݡ
ʮο˿ʼһٴ

ৣ
Ϥƽ̨Ϥġֳ֡ѩɽߡ
˿̳ϫľѺ֮ǰȫͬ
ڶɢһ񾲡ݵƣǡ˿е񷽣䲻ţһ˲Сĳ
ৣ
ĮȻʣ̧һն赭дΪ棬ġ֡⣡
һ֮ǰǰǿ޷衣
һΣϫȴԤϵӰһɽش̳
һɲǣϫһˣâ¶ÿһ缡жͷųһƿֲĽϢԶԶһ˶ѻһҰ˷ơ
飡
һ쳹ನɢƽ̨ƥɨǲƽ̨ϵǧɽ˰
ף
ĮȻУ罣âɨϫ
ʱĳϫƽʡ
еڳһִᷢ˿̳ϫµĽϢ߲£ͥѷɫ
ͬʱ
ʹŵ⣬͵üıϣһɲǷһĨ֮ɫ
Բ
ૣһĨ֮̾ɫһš
˻һ®̩ڹע˵صϹŶнԶݺһ𣬻ȻһƬ

ۣ
ϧһϹŶ̾ĳϫڵһ֮ٴαĨɱط˺ڰռС
ֻ¶ԷһֽѾóϫܣںڰв׽һ˿ϣ
ûгɣʼݡ
һ
סߵڶ
ڽһδοУϫɱĴֲĥ⣬ʱȫݡս
һδαĨɱǽǣѾܹӦԷս࣬¶ԷĹҲࡣ
ʮ
ʮŽ
ʮ

˴ﵽڰ˰ٴʱϫѾܹסʮŴν
񻪽վĿ̣ϾȥעӣУֳϫĽǿʢԲ
ǽԲף
ڵ껪ջʥɾʱҲſŵ֮ż˵ȵزˡ
񣬻յĽΪſԲز
Ҿ֪ѧԺЩϹŶУҲдδȵزǵΪһȳϫǿ󣬿⽣֮һϣȴѱϫԽ
ֻ˷ֲˡ
ע⵽ֻҪϫܹȫηʱ̣񣬿ѽֻʣ˲ٴΣϫܷɹ

֮䣬дֲ
˿̵ĳϫϥںڰУֻʣ֡
ɽ߷֮һʱ䡢ռ䲢棬Ψڷܽƿء
ɹףν޷ǡľһһ٣ֻ֮

ǡڰ͹޺ڰ˸֪ν
֮壬Ҳ̸ʲô
˴˲ͬȴ֮˫֣ɷ롣
ܹ㲻޾Ϯ
߷˭Ҳһ׼ȷ˵ˡ
ϫ˿ڱĨɱ˰˰Σǡһһг˿ֲȴǶ˼
֮䣬֮ܿܿ£мܲ壿
֮䣬ѵûв֮
ԣΪ棬ԲηΪ׷ѰͬԲη֮ԲηΪִ
ִܳʵ棬γҲˣ
ͻȻϫЩˣԼ޷֮ȴа취޾
Ǿִ
ִƫִǹִһּᶨǺִŵ־
ɲ֮䣬ϫ̫࣬˻δѰٵĸĸ˻δѪĳޣһֱ׷ϴ
һУִ֮
ڰ˰ٰʮ˴ο鿪ʼ
ٴ𣬶ϫǳ
ƽ̨ϣ߶֣һ̳
һƽƽ価Ǧ֮ӣȴ̼һֱǰ޾ηǡ
ȴ֪
ȴ˿ֲ޾أ
һ̳ƽ̨ϲһ쳹ʮأǳǧɽһϤ飡
ֹˣ졢ءƽ̨ڶһλִѩɽߣһɲǣȫֳ顢ݡļ
¡
ϫӿһĨɲǣǰһУȫ

ɹˣ
ʹŵ⣬߳ĮȻĻһ̣Ц
ʲôɹˣ
®̩һ׹۾һнסӿһ˿ϫߵڣˣ
ڵڰ˰ٰʮ˴Σ
ջشǵģϫûģԵʹŵ񣬵һڣĴڣ
ɹˣ
ϫСӾȻ˽ߣ
Թԣֱţ
Ҿ˵ˣСȫ޷óһйоأǲŽв
һɲǣ֮Ҳ쳹һϹŶ̸


1384 ڤ֮
ϫڵĲڣ֮ҲͬмӱӲڣŲƳ
Ǽս
߼ͬһʱ䱻ŲƳģԵʱǱ˴˶Ц
ǵģʧˣδһǧ֮ڻܶ֡
ⲻڣδֲ̫ҵĶһλǰʵѹƵʥɾҸ֡
£ɱһǧΣһǧ棬ֲֿĸоʱڸ޷ɢ
ֹսͬˡ
ˣܿ޾η
ǵĳɳйأҪôϹߴ֮һļϼ̳ˣҪôǻ˺ᣬҪô׽ʳϵȹ峤硣
һпǺ£ʵڳϫȱ̫
϶ԣǵıѾΪˣھһǧεĥ֮󣬾Իһ
ʵҰܾͰ֮ĿֲϣٸһᣬԻܶԷпļ֮࣬Ҳһ˿ʡ
˵֮ʱ͵ط֣ҲŲ˳
ˣȴһƽüӯӯɢһĨʥ⡣
ǡҪˣ

ͰսҲһ㣬Ҳ⾪ޣû뵽ͨһĥ£ɾ˽ʥɾס
żи򣬿ϧ俱ȴδڿʹϻܶ֡
ЦЦϧȴһƬƵᡣ
һֻǼʧˣϫƺͨڣ뵽ڤ֮ڵ򡭡
һɨǿЩĲڣɫ䲻ɷһĨӡ
ͳϫ̥ˣûȡ
ƲƲ죬ʵ뷵صʹŵص޻вʱ䣬ҪҪȥһ⣿
д⡣
ȴӦǺʹŵвֹеʴһƬ򣬻ϰٸÿһжŸֵĻԵ͸ء
ò׽һΣȻܰװ״Ȼᡣ
ðɣҴȥѪ֮һˣ˵ŲٻԵһǧ˿ƵĹϵ
˵
ҲҪȥѪսһˡ
һһֱĬİսͻȻڣȴֱˡ
û취֮ĹϵҲãǿ˵˵ԣһжǿɾûˡ
ˣսһЦȭλҾȸˡ
˵գ뿪
һıƺȷıܶ࡭˼
ͷȴǲÿɷ
߰ɣȰȥһѪ֮򡣡
ˣЦ˵
ڴˣҲһҲ뿪

ã˴νڤ֮£ˣоͻһܹõʴϿɡ
ʹŵ⣬տڣ®̩
˷ֱǳϫҶơ衢ꡢѰշ֣ڽڤ֮󣬱һж
裬ɹϫҶƻһ
Щˡ
ڤ֮򣬱ڤ֮׵ĵطδУΪ˴ֵʹŵһжʹߣԸȻġ
Ϊͨڤ֮Ŀˣһ˼ΣգΪʵΪл̫⣬Ψб˴ϣӵиϣͨС

һƬء
֮ϣһƬߣһι״ĹϵħзһЩȵĵι״вͬ
ȥһƬһͷ
ಣಣ
֮ϣӰƿշɳۡ
һ忡ʳһݴѷǳϫҶơ
ͨڣĿ֮󣬳ϫƬ֮УȻͿ˼ͬһʱڴ˵صҶơ
һȻѡ˽С
˵˵Ӧڤ֮ΧһƬ򣬾ִܵڤ֮ĺ֮أڤѪڤ֮ױڤѪС
ϫɿ˵˵Ŀ飬ҪȲڣԶԸҲ֪Ǽ١
ǺǣҿǴڤ֮һ̫ϧֻһ룬ͱ½ѣӲƻߣķ˴˵ء
ҶЦ
Ŷ
ϫһüǵһ˵ţһֻ̫һ룬ȻѣδҲ̫ˡ
һᵽ֣óϫԽڷ֮ġ췣֮ۡаòڤ֮ҲǱ췣֮ۡƻİɣ
ҿɲǼ٣ڤ֮׿ǺųؾʮأܹڤУһ붼оһƷѣܾڤ磿˵ڤ֮ףǻһ̹񸫣ֻ¶ܰ쵽һˡ
ҶƴЦ
ϫҲЦˣ⴫ŵȷ̫ģĿܻᱻʼķڴ˵ˣֻѱ׻ٵ
Ͼ磬˼硢ڤ硢ɽ繹ɣһвڤڣֻ类άϵĨˡ
һοɲСˣ˵ֹмΪǿĶ֣ĹϽƣޱȣһᱻŲƳȥԵüʴС
ҶüǱׯ
Ϊ
ϫȴȻһЦھ˲ڣڵһδ̬ѷ˼ɱ䣬ִܲηη޾ء
ľʹһ֡޾ءĲΡ
ҶƳ˳ϫһۣ˳ϫƵı仯Բ󡢸ɾиɻ֮Եɲˡ
һյ蹦
һĨѪɫ˳ϫҶƵҰС
һƬѪɫأ֮ϣŨѪɫƲ㣬ϣ򸲸źһѪɫѪҺнݹɢһļµɭȻѪϢ
ڤѪ
ϫҶȻֹüӶӿһĨ衣
Ϊִ˵֮󣬾ζĿҪʼˡ
¡
жԶѪɫдһֲսиħź
ǵȲΪƴڱһģսһ㡣
ϫҶƶʱһûκγɣƾ˲ƶȥ

ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ糱ˮӰ֮ݺᣬž޴ùǣ˫ͫڵڤѪᣬͷ­ħлѪ⽩Ӳڴ͵ͭʬ
ͬҲתɱˣʩչִͨħһЩǿƥĿܡޣ
ԶԶһһƬǧƵӰƺڤеĸǿߡʩչֶΣҲһǿɲ֮
ֻ»ᱻΪ뵽ɽڤ֮սϡ
ЩڤĴ˿ȴΧһӰ
㷢٣ӰԼ񻪣¹ŮǴ֮У֮ѹһѪͰ׹ǶѪ·
ŮӣȻ裡


1385 Ƴ
Щڤ飬糱ˮǵأƼΪˡ
һ˵裬ӰƮҷŲںƵ֮Уԣ֮ҡ
սԼҺ԰ͥŲ֮Ѫ죬ʬǶѻѹһʬɽѪ·
ǵ龰Ϊġ
ѪǵأɷڣһŮȾѪȺ̳˵Ƿ绪ء
ϫҶƵִ˵ʱͿһĻȻ߱˴˽һ񣬽Զ˶ԷĿеľ֮ɫ
ǵģҲû뵽ǧ֮У边һ֦㣬âҪ֪ЩڤһϢǿޱȣ붼д޾Ϊʥɾڡ
ɾ£κβһ֣֪ʵѴﵽεȿɲĲΡ
ʦȻѿٳԼʥ򡣡
ϫ˼ͬʥɾһ۾ͿͶ֮䣬ӯһʥϢսҲǱǿ֮
ʥ򣿶ˣϫʦһ
Ҷƽס
ܶࡣ
ϫҡͷŰںϵ˾ųң˵ʥˣҪȵȫںϲС
ͬţʱ軻ԼͬҲһΪЩڤ࣬ɵƾϵƣ޷Լκв
ʲôæ
أԶ䡢ͳһ˿еζ
ϫҶƶһû뵽ȻѰȷǵϡ
ʦ룬ʦҹ
ҶƴЦһһĳ߳ɫɵӰƾһͳ뵽ԶĺƴսС
һ
ϫƲƲ죬̸ʲôøУҲûжУֻΪԷ̫ԽӴһֱžԶ̬֮ȡ
û룬ȻʱᱻԷҪˡ
оЩͻأ˵㣬ϫǰͶԷһ𲢼ս
ƬеڤĿȷ̫ƴ飬Զɱһ̸ȴΪ鷳
ڤѪеĵһؿ飬ҪͨѰٵеĳڣЩ˸ɱ֮ꡣ
üȻǰҲеЩͷۣʵҲˣԴƬڤѪһֱѰһνġڡֱҲδѰٵֻڴ˲ɱУѰ١
һֱȥֻҲֹڴˣ޷õʴϿˡ
ĽܣϫҶųЩдδἰġ
ĪǣһڱʲôƸˣ
Ҷһ߷նɱķˣһü̽š
кѣһԱ֪
ϫȴЦһӰһݣƾնһɲغӿһɹ糱ϫĿռ䲨ٿȻɢ˷
¡¡
֮䣬ÿһռزҵĲ糱ϫ㲨ݣĺ֮
ܹǷԲʮ֮ڵڤͻȻ뵽֮Уڿռ䳱ϫȴ޷ѣвٵռ֮ñе
ɲ֮䣬ѪɺӣǲҺ֮
ռ䷨򣡡
һĿʱԲüѲƴһĨ𺳡
ǰԺ۵ʱϫʦܾչֶֹΣֻҲû뵽Կռ֮ƿ˼
ҶЦ̾ϫĽʵ̫ˣʶԼͳϫ֮Ĳ࣬Ѳ֪ԽԽ
¡¡
ؿռ䲨Ϊĳϫ
ڤ׷ڿռ䳱ϫ֮УѪ顢ɽؽΪѪɫ
ÿһڤǿߣͻӿֳһ۳ϫɱ٣ù㡣
ϫĿĲɱУѰ١ڡҲΪ˷ա
ˣ
ûãԶشһ첨˳ϫע⡣
лɬĽƲڱȻ
ϫĿ磬ȻԶһ
ȥһ
˵ʱӰһɲƾնȥǵ磬Ƹɴˬûһ˿ˮ
ϫҶʦ֣ʦһֱ𣿡
ϻϽ߰ɡ
ҶЦһ
£Ҳæȥ
ˡˡ
һȦȦɬĽƲһ㣬һѪɫɢ
Ʋ룬һϵĵ̳֣֮ǰ˵ظûе̳ӰӣȻǱϫǡռ䳱ϫ֮Ӳ˳
ֻ̳ʮɷΧͨɢŲϵϢ㴣ڴ˵أԵüΪء
һ̳֣ƬЩڤ񱻼ŭ˰㣬͵ط춯ص¡¡˵ر
ǵȺηļƣ֮ǰҪԵøΪ׺ݿɲˡ
ڷƳǵ̳ܵĽƣϫҶƼҲҵػ࣬ɱС
Ƴӯһ˿ĿʥɾƳģ
κüһĿзһĨŭ̲סһ䣬̧һƺݺݺǽ֮ϣҪͼǽơ
ϫԣнסһ񺹣Լλʦ񾲡Ůһ㣬˭룬ǵУƢҲ˱ꡭ
ʦ㣬Ҫæ𣿡
Ҷ̲סһ
ã
Դϣ֮˵ʱؼһӵİɫӡڿնϼģͷųһɿֲơ
䣡䣡䣡
ɲǼ䣬ӡͳǽƺϰٴΣÿһҳؼ쳹һףضɽҡձ飬Ϊˡ
ϫˣסһ̫࣬ˣԼλʦ㿰ǽüӢ˰
ӡԹԣ벻ӡʦˡ
ҶҲǾ̾ھ̾һϵİɫӡǺͷӡӡӡĹɱ̫ʱպգ˸Ž
ԭӡۼеĺӡҲ¡ϫŻȻеĺӡǴӿѧԺж
ԭԺ۵ʱԷԷѱ̫Ͻ͸ϫԲὫﻹȥˡ
ôУ
˰죬ǽ˿ļüšһ֣񾲵ԲգһĶǵ
ˣϫ̲סָʦ㣬㳯ƵʮأλͿλ֮ߴһԣ
˵ǽеƲ֣һףĻܳϫ˵Ǽ٣ӡݺ˹ȥ
䣡
һɽһ㣬̳ܵĽȻ飬촷ۣһա
ŽƱ٣ǵɱڤͬһʱӰһ类һ㣬һѪɫٿȻƮ֮䡣
ɲ֮䣬Ѫɫؼ䣬ֻʣ˺һĵ̳ճţûЩڤû˾춯صɱûʬɽѪΨзڿʵš


1386 
˿ǰĵ̳βŷӦĿԣ
ղֻƽˣֱ˿̲׹ϫղŵָ㾹ֱָҪһǰơ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰѾǧ࣬Ҳ޷ƣٶԱǰ״Բ⾪֡
ҶҲƳ˳ϫһۡ
ϫȴЦЦԡ
֮ǰע⵽ǰֵ̳Ľƣȷ˵ǰӯһϢȴ޷Ƴġ
˵ۣ֮ƾΪʦܾ֮׼Ѱٵһеڡ
Ͼһ֮ڷ֮ЩƣҪ̫ˡ
ղΪβ˵ǲǹҪҳ󣿡Ϊûб˳ϫһۡ
УһΪô򵥵Ľƣʦȫɽģ˭롭ϫһΣ˵ʱˣΪɫԽԽΣһƬҪըëèƵġ
ˣ̳ǷгڡҶƼˣæԲעתǰĵ̳ϡ
ӦòˣȥɣҲ²ⲻ̳ӦһŴŶԡȻעһӱתƣǹϵ̳һ㾶ֱȥ
ˣ
Ӱһ̤ϵ̳һɲɢ
ϫҶƼˣæҲȥ
ɲ֮䣬ֻӰһᣬʧǹϵ̳ϡ

һƬȼŵǿա
ǳ޲ȼգ񷡣
ǵ龰쳣״ͺһǳɽһƬϻ𺣣˱ڣҫ۳ʢ
һƬƵǿ룬һѵĵ·
ǵ·һƯĶʯɣÿһʯڷתγһ䲻ȶ·һͷ·һ㡣
ಣಣಣ
һſȼյǴǿ׹䣬һѤĻߣĦնҺ֮һǿյ·ϣŽɵ⻪֮
Ƭǿգ֮򡱡
һǿյ·
ÿһʯϣһƣ£ǧ֮࣬ųơǧ֮
ڤ֮ĵڶؿ飬еĵӣֻаȻͨԽڤ֮֮ء
飡飡飡
ʱӰһǰȴǾٲά裬ޱȣʱҪˡ
ΪܣһſܼǱжÿһǵʥɾǿһɲ֮
ǽ£ƯһʯҲǲϸıλãʯֽ֮ƣƽ⣬޷ǰС
֮ϣΣգһǲǹǽ²ϱ任λʯʯֵơ
£Ҫͨһ֪кεѡ
ǹһڴˣû취ͨΪҪǹҪʱʱ̹̿עʯıλãҪȥƳǰʯϵĽƣκһ뵽ʹŵؿеĵӣֻҲһˡ
һǧٿʯˣֻһǾҪɹˣһҪס
ϣѣԵĹ
һͷҺɫòΪţ˿̵ȴɫأһԣɽֿǲϱϮǡ
ģû⡣
һ촽սӿ׹ǶսҲеĪѹԽѹԽ˷ܣΪս
ԽԽˡȥ롣
ǰĹüһĨɫһϮɫȹӺݣɴ˿ȴ΢΢ףüһڵƣ
һУǸƳƣ䲻ö֣ɶȴļֱƵһǧٸɲƣҲܵСġ
һǰܳɹġ
ĬƬ̣˵ʦܣǶൣһЩŬΪʦöȡһЩʱ䡣
ͷ
мؿһۣһٶ˵ʼרƳơ
ţ
ڴʱüͷһ͵һӭǣ˵ǾȻҲˡ
ǡ
ʱҲע⵽˶Էвһ˵ܹõʴϿɵģֻˣԭΪжδ֣˭룬ȻҶơϫһжˡ
һ˵ţһ߻Ӷ˫ǲһſն촷ۡ
˵ĲԹܹõʴϿɵֻ񵱽ԺؾԺϻˡλǰǵõʴϿɵĴڡ
ڵˣصǣʱѾִһ·עҪǺߵġ
˵ͷ
ΪԺƵӣֱλӶʥһڶԲɵ衢ϫҶˡ
ϾͬҲǳϫһŸոʥɾҶǴΪһҲȻܾˡ
ο߿ɻһλ㣬ںܾ֮ǰѾһλʦˣʦѧԺΨһһλӵСϹŶƽ
ƽ⡰ϵһؽƣǸͲĻᱻϫǳԽˡ


һƬȼŵǿգԼǿһ硰·ʱϫҲһ̾
󣬿ǹ񹤣
ǿѾִ;ˣǿɱץʱˣ˵˴˲ˣΪǵʴУѾ˾ϵǿɲˡ
ҶԶڡ
ǶԣҶͬͬһ㣬ͺñͳϫĹϵһҶƸսѧԺʱԺķƵˡ
ȶ֣Ҷƴ˿Ҳһ˿ѹ
ȴǸںڵߣǰƽΪһ
˵ţҪж

ϫæסʦ㣬ƽɡ
Ҳ£ǧʯԷֲŲͬƣǧ֮ҪͨνǼΪѡ
£ɲȥƽˣû취ԷղڤѪеı֣óϫʵ޷ġ
ɨ˳ϫһۣǲΪ
ʦˣֻǶԽооȫʦֵһЩ
ϫͣ˵ֱֱʲô˵ʲôϫԲ˶ˡ
ǰóϫʦɡ
Ҷƿ˵ǵԺľǳϫ޸ģҲٵԺϹŶԳϫķ趼Ƴ֮ɳϫƽѡ
衭˵ʵƽҶҲЩģĶԷټӡҺһͨˡ
赹ר϶֮ˣͷҲá
ϫҶƽһ񣬽ԶЦˡ
б˳ϫһۣ˵޷ǳǡ
˵꣬ͱϫϣظ֤ʦģҾȫԸ
ϫ˵еûص˳ϫһۣϣҿɲ㣡


1387 
㣿
ϫ֣ƺ͹֮һЩͬѰĹˣǱ˴֮гԹ
ûٵ飬ϫȳһԾնȥ
Ҷƺ
ת˲䣬һ˾ѵִһʯǰ
ˡ
ʯϣļµĽƲϢӿ󣬳Żˮʥ֮иһƵϢ
ִڴ֮󣬳ϫһˣ忡һƬרע֮ɫһԺطӳ֡
һ̵ٲȻһʦǣͶ֮䣬һǡݡһ˿ʡ
ǻǿв׹ХǣǲŲƷλʯͳͳԵΪ˿Сֻнƣ
ţ
ͬʱҶ˳ϫʵı仯ͺһλת˲ɱΪһλƿ֮ķʦ
ȻͬʣûɵضԳϫƽһЩš
ಣಣಣ
ܿ죬Ǿ͹˲ٶ룬Ϊǵִ˵زãһſҫƥǻƲ񷣬ЮżصƺХϮ
ÿһǣӴΡɽֲ֮ʥɾȫһһſŲϱϮһּѹ֮
¡
ܼ򵥣ɫӡպݺ֮ײÿһײܽһǺ顢촷ۡ⺷֮
裬ҶƵҪȡ࣬ʩչ֮Щ潻棬γһճ͵ǣ֮乥жǣǳһɳ۶ȥ
͡ƻľһԿȴμ佫ֹ⡣
Ҳû취飬ҶվֻǴ޾磬ʥɾܹƾǸ߳ĵΪһΪˡ
һںԱʱҪѷɫ٣Ͼһݿ࣬һǲʩչɾﵽЧҲȫͬ
ˣ㹻ˣܷ˳ͨ˵أؼҪϫ
ˮʥһǧ˰ٵ൱ڷʦĽơϢ֮ڡҪƽĻ
ü֮ۿأӿһڹ⣬֮У֮ȫתɲ֮䣬óϫŵǰһʯϵа
飡
һ̣һָһƿֲĽ̵ֱһʯϵĳλһɺ֮
һ˲䣬ǿʯȻֹĽҲ֮ȥ
ô죿
˲𰡣ϫʦܣ
Ҷһͬɫھ
ֻ򵥵Ľƶѣ߰ɡ
ϫЦЦͬʱ̤һʯ
ˡ
߸һվʥϢٿȻӿ뵽ڡ
ɲ֮䣬ϫ͸оԼƵںϣһ˿ͻƵļ
ȻˣÿһƣͻһʥϢ벻Ȼġ
贽ǷһĨϲȻҲᵽһʥϢĺô
һõһʥϢڣֻȽʥɾԻںƲĪ棡
ҶҲǴЦԭΪԼ޾磬Ȼѻʲôô˭ҲܹȽֱͬḣһ㡣
Ҳ֪ͨһܻ֮öٵʥϢˡϫüһĨڴ֮ɫ
ԭͷ۸οںյĸִƣǰֱֻ콵¶㣬Ҳϲޱȡ
ֹϫڴҶҲڴѡ
ϫû˿ɣʼ̽ڶʯؽơ
ҶҲʮ־񣬵ͻŲϴзһſǡ

Ƭȼŵǿգҫۡ
Ǵ׹䣬Х˺գϮһ硰·֮ϡ
ǧʯƯʯ壬αãһ·ķʽ֣ԵüΪء
Ҳ֪ĵʣΪλῪһƬ򣬲һصġ·ˡ
һнֻΪ˿飬Ϊ˳ϫЩҪϿɵĵӡ
ҲѲǳϫЩܹȡ
ʹŵ⡣
®վþòԣסʵôˣ֮ǷлõʴϿɣ
ҡͷ̫࣬ѵִ1301ʯϣϫǸղŸո̤ʱʲô
®ռƣôῴʲô
յʦӵС֮Ĳƽϫͬɲˣй֮
®˼⵹ȷ١
ĪʲôԵɣ
һֱĬ̩ͻȻʵ
Ůǰ޸ϧȴ޼ƿʩϫʱɲŸոսѧԺһٽǾ޸ɹˣɴ˾ͿƶϳѾͷ֮ķ辿ˡ
شģһֱע˵صһλϹŶǲؾԺԺȻ
̩ʱ뵽˳Ĭ֮УȴӿһĨСһȻ˵Ȼɽһ˿ˣᣬӵȾ˷ˣ
ɽŮ洵ܹٻõʴϿɣǡ
һ뵽⣬Īأ̩һĨҡҡͷٶ롣
ͬʱղƳ˶ԷһۣĬԡ

ڶʯϡ
ʥܲǧٵ൱ڷʦĽƣϢ˷λ֮Ҫ֮
ʯϡ
ʥܲǧİٵʦơҪ֮
Ŀʯϡ
ľʥҪ֮

ʱУڳϫĴ£һ˼񣬲ǰƽһһʯϵĽƣڶ̶յʱУѵִһһʯϣ
ҶƶԣʼվͺûͣŲÿ̤һʯʱϫƽһʯϵĽƣжǰ𾪡
Խǰе𾪾Խ࣬ǰϫĿҲù죬޷һķΪﵽ˺εȳ̶ȣƺƽЩƶԾˮһɡ
Ҫ֪Щƣɶ̫ŵ££ǧųǧ֮ƾ޷ƳԽ󣬽ƵԽǿ󣬿¾ǷʦǰҲ޷ϫǰˣ
֮࣬ҲΪܡ
Ϊ֮Уÿ̤һʯܻһʥϢֱ趼оյʱջѵԼʮˣ
ҶƶԣջͬϲޱȣѹѣɵΪڳϫʱɲЩơ
ȴţδӵʹŵط֮ԼΪעһַ츲صɱ䣡
ϫյ蹦ҲǽƳںϣԼδٳķ֮ʥһ֣
󣬵ͨһʱջͬ衢Ҷѷɫˡ


1388 
ǿգ纣
һǿյϣϫ˲ǰܣһſűϮǱն䡢顢촷ۣҫ۹󣬷׷꣬ɷѤ
һУϫš
ȫרעһؽ֮ϣһ˿ɢһׯࡢݡʡ
ֱ񣬷ѽϫĹ裬Ϊһ֣ǴʱʼѧϰƷǻǳʼӴķЩơ켣ͼ񹂡ʱ޿̲Ӱĵ;
񹂡ع춴硢硭ֱɽ磬ƽ߽һ޼񹂴Сߴ֮
һδεľУŷӰӡ
Ϊ֪֮Ӱ˳ϫ֪νԶ
ҪǣɽһߴУ
˵ĳϫֻʥɾΪڷϣѧԺڴϹŶ޷֮ȼ磡
һ츳һִ֮һֳϫһֱ׷ѰĴ
ˣҲ;Լġ֮ʥǡ֮ʥʥȵʥ֮
Ҳӵо߱ȳѰƶʥķ裬ϵһؽʱϫŻֵ˴ݡƽš
ΪЩƶԣͺñȿȥһѰʦȥƽһأʦȥһ⡭ѵ顣
ֱĽƣ޷ϫе֡
ڶٿʯ
ٿʯ
İٿʯ

ʱƣϫһ˲ǰͣٵʱ䣬ð˸ݣǾǴݿࡢ
УҲһһεػʥϢ
䵱ƽٸʯϵĽʱϫһٽơҲںϽˡ֮ʥУ
Чʣֱݡ
Ҫ֪ϫǳչһʱ䣬ҲŽںϵ˾ųɵز񣬲Ųʱʱ䣬ǵƳںϣҲһںϣ
Чʣ֮ǰϫҲ롣
ڵȴԹ˲Ϊ˶˷ϲãʼնרעһſʯֵĽС

ٶȳȥ죬ԸĲˡ
ʹŵ⣬Ŀ⿪ؼܣɿ®̩ŷϵ
䵱ųϫʱڣ͵ִٸʯʱһϹŶнԶ⸡һĨ𺳡
СӣֱҪ찡
֮ȣɡսˣʽˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڻЩϹŶԣǵʴ֮ص̫Ҫǵʴ֮ϵѧԺ̫෽棬ɲǲȥעˡ

㿴ǾȻҪˣ
1413ʯϣ䲻һƳϫǾѵִٿʯʱʱһɿ쿪ڡ
ʲô
ڲϺһſӲһҲע⵽һĻɫһӱṳ̂ڣŹȥ˲ʱɣ
Ӧˡ
üܵһѹʱִٸʯϣٶȿɱ֮ǰҪܶˡ
˵֮䣬žŰٶʯɰճϫ˵ٶȣò˰ʱ䣬ȫ׷ˣ
ɲԸ⿴ġ
԰꣬ϵĽƣԽԽǿԷƽٶȾ޷ˮ׼ˡ
ƳһǰƽĹ㣬οһ䡣
Ϊ֣˿̹ǲ԰һƬüһĨƣβס£ɲù˶ˡ
ûϵһȫԸ
ȴѲһУɫƽЦЦһظһԲȻĵҩһ̷ȥ
֮䣬üƣ֮ɫһɨգǲ԰׵ĽϸǸһĨΡ
ʦã̷Ŀǡ񵤡
ˣǵûиˣüͷ
֪ȵҩȷԶʱڽĵԲ״̬ɸҲ󣬲Ӱ쵽ΪҩЧһ˵ʶͻУ£һ꣬޷ѹ
ʦַģе񵤣㹻ֵ뿪ʹŵˡ
ЦŽһͼͶ뵽ƽжС
һ̾ȴǸж֮ƴȻΪܹõʴϿɡ
ĸδЩ̫ˡ
һǳڴˣǺڻˣ
ȴǰһԹѹתƵ˳ϫͷϣԴ֮伫Ϊͷŭ
֣ͬΪѧԺӣ˴νʹŵбǴžϵʦĪҪ˵ĺ
üǳ˶Էһ䣬ûƲϫˣǼΪأϾټĵѧԺУɲ˭ܹɽ罾֮еģҲ˭ϫǰ㣬սѧԺֳôྪ󶯾ġ
衢ҶƣǳϫԺĳɾ;ԲΪʱľԹ϶ԷǿɾЩòʧ
ߣ
һȴǶĻĲΪȻ
ڴˣҲ޷ȰҡͷЩʼרĵǲϱϮǡ

ڵִٿʯ֮Ϻ󣬳ϫƽƵٶȵȷȴֻԼĪʮϢʱѡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰһǰУôڵ״һͣʮϢǰȥ
ٶȣҲ㹻ˣ֮ǰڵִ˵ʱ޷ٶȡ
ʼգϫĲжûκӰ졣
ԭڣΪӤزڷľ磡
ΪȽϣϫѹɽоųɾŵʥɾˣ˵ǶŽҲΪ
ڴˣҶѱ𾪵ľ֮ǰǰһһէʼųϫרĵܲϱϮǡ
ִ˵֮һƿնҲԼԽ軹ãҶȴЩԲˡ
ԡɵǵ̫ǿʱڡʱҲܵײ
ҲʱɫޱȣϢҲǿʼ֮Щ٣ҵļ
ע⵽ҶϢ仯δ˵ֱжʼҶƵѹ
֮˵ЩĹʮɵĻһ˾ͳе߳ɣʣµɱҶе
ҶҲΪм裬˭˵λʦ㲻ýӴˣ˼ȣ
δá
ִٿʯʱҲеһֳѹȴأӣǿţԸʹ˴ŵϫƽж
Ҷ˵ֵҵǹһ̤ϸ߲ʯǵĹҲԽԽ٣ȴѪ


1389 ϫ
ֱִʮʯʱҶܵһɿɲ˾Ͳʯϵȥ
ؼʱ̣ǰĳϫٿȻ㣬һסűһֻ

һĻϫʱһУжɽһһɳĻͻͽն
һǲϱϮһſǱϤնΪ룬һգһƬݵĿհʱ䡣
һ֮һȻû뵽˷Ϊǿ֮⣬ϫĽΪҲѴﵽز
ʵ֪ڵִʹŵ֮ǰϫȻ޷һѾͬ
ȴ߰صĲڣΪһ˽Բ磬ֻһ򽣻֮
֮⣬ϲϻȡʥϢóϫںơ֮ں̫ƣһжսߣղһӳնǡ
̫аڰִ򣬱֮кͷƶҪںϡ
ȡʥϢҲֻ̫ںϵ˲һɡ
һնһſ֮󣬳ϫ˵Ҷʦֲ֣ˣͽɡ
˭ƽֱʵ
ȻҲҡϫЦֻʱпһЩ
Ļ޷׷Ϲˣüૡ
ϫ룬Զ˵ʦ㲻صģһƣһжδ֪
ͷҲֻˡ
ţ
ϫ͵ط֣轻̸֮ʣҶƾ뵽֮Уڡһ˿˿ʥϢ
ȻʱƾˣȻЩš
ϫȴЦˣͽøҵһȰɣϵĽƣԽƽԽ鷳ԷƽʱķѵʱֻԽԽãҲʱ䡣
˵ţӶɽʼΪҶƻ
룬֪Ҳֻˡ
ȻҶƽʥɾɹô㻹δٳʥӵеսҲԷ츲صı仯ʱȫóϫһĶȥƽˡ

û뵽ҶƾȻʥɾˣڲڣʱ͵֮ĶԿҲ˲洦
ʹŵ⣬зһĨɫ
®ȴüͷһ壺˵ǰĲҪʹͣˣЩ
ѵ˵һμпЩСһõʴϿˣ
ֻ˵ǵϣܴ󡣡
ȿ˵ɣǧ֮ɲô״ģһؽƣԹ֪˶ٵӵĽŲ
뵱ԺǲҲһؽбסôӲķ˰ʱ䣬ſͨҺõû˺Ժɾˣ
ٺ٣϶Ͳ±Ժ߳ŭ֮²Ϲͷ
ѻ죡
ϹŶҲǷ׷۲ѣ̸֮ʣᵽ˵Ժϵı֣òϹŶݸѡ

ףͣˣԭҶƾºˣνķʮ£ǾӮˣ
һ̣һʯϣҲǷһĻЦһĨѹҲһɨա
ˣͬΪѧԺӣʲôֵֻģ
üѰһۣĪҪĶˣרΪʦûͨ˵Ϊס
˵Ҳǰһɲѣû취ϫ֮ǰı֣ҲǴСѹ
ԷֻͣҶƽɹǶԣȻ̫ྺѹ
ѵעǻõʴϿô
أԺиһͷ

ʱ䡣
ҶһֱƾϢʢ¯籡ʥԣʲôʱܳ׽ϡ
Уϫһֱڰϫûʲôü䣬Ƿһ˿֮ɫ
ΪʱУѾִһǧŰʮʯ֮ϣٲʮִܵǧʯˡ
ֱڵʮʯϣһӱȶԷһǧٸʯ룡
ζʲô
ζҪ໨ѳƳһǧٶʱ䣡һ̣˵Էͨˣ
£ܲżˡ
Ǻ֮󣬾ڤ֮֮أֻҪͨԵִﴫ˵еѪء
ʴУѪ
ʦ㣬ǷѧԺеĳѧˣ
ϣͻȻϫ賹ѹüͷһ壬ʲôʱˣһȻ⣿ѵһ㶼ļ
ûغ˳ϫһۣûУ
ϫȴЦˣ˵ʦ㣬ܷҵĳˣ
ĳˣ
һȷǵһ˵£Ʋȴӵʹŵط˵ɣû˼Щ⡣
Ǿ˵ˡϫЦ
ʲô˵ˣ۾ݺ˳ϫһۣһôͬô
ϫ֪Ƣ֪δЦʼ磬ʦ㲻Ҳûܾô
һ˼ؿ˳ϫһۣҧӣ˼ãȻҪҴӦ볽Ҳԣǰ׷϶Էô
ϫԥȻԣ
ϫӦ˸ɴ࣬ЩԼоһֻ¾ڵԼ仰ء
ҲӦ
ڴʱһԵҶͻȻڣ𣬻ӵһʥϢѽɹˡ
ϫˣЦŹֵϲҶʦ֡
ߣãû鼸죬ɱĶˡҶһۡ
ҪлλˡҶһ̬˵
ϫЦҶʦֶӦҳˣлѾܳˡ
ˣϻˣϽжɡ
ɿ˵һĽ
ϫȻһͷʼɡ
˵ţѾĿǰĽϡ
ʦ㣬һοɲҷֵˡ
ϵһҶһĳ߳ɫɵЦʥϢӿ֮ɫ
ߣNɪ
Ƴ˶ԷһۣҲǲٳɣǲϱϮǶԿ
ߣ
գʱ䣬ϫͻ˻֣ӳǰȥ
Ҷһ˶δնһأ
ߣ
ִһʯϺ󣬻˷Ӧϫһ̧֣ųһʯȥ
⡭
ҶƻһۣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ߣ
һΣϫûˣ³һ֣ͼǰȥ
ҶƳױסʱĳϫֱܸƽٶȾ֮ǰҪ֣
ߣ
ߣ
ߣ

·ϣҶƾ͸Ƶģһһʯ߶ٶˣ졭ˣ


1390 кϷ
ڵִ߰ʮʯϵʱ򣬳ϫٶһǡú֮ǰڵλãһٸʯ롣
˶ʱ䣿
ʮϢ
ֱʱҶƲԴлָһ˿侲һ㣬ֿһٸʯƣǲ˶̶ʮϢʱ䣡
֮ʮϢУϫƳһٸǿƣһٸʯ
Ȼ𺳡
Ҫ֪ڸո̤ʱǵǰٶȶûȿ죬ǵٸʯ֮ˣҪȸտʼǿ˲֪ٱ˭뵽ϫٶܴﵽȵز
˶ԣ̶ʮϢʱ䷢飬ֱ͸Ƶġ
Ǵϫٴжˣ
һٶȣ
˳ԡ
ô£
ѵ֮ǰĳϫһֱڲ׾
ɣϫòΪԼ볽ˣģΪ֮ǰٶƳأ
һҲ̫Ļˣ
ԽԽоԼ˳ϫĵȴûƭŭ෴Ͳóϫһ·ء
ܿ죬ִ1389ʯʱϫٶȳ׷Żˡ
һ·еҶƶһЩ΢΢Ӧ
ôˣ
̲סٸҵʯǾ׷϶ԷˣӰѾϫʦܡ
ϫʱЦһ߷ɿһƣһ߸˴𰸣ղôΪҶʦֽУһֱڷһʯϵĽƣƽȻѣˡ
ԣҶ˹ԭһжǳϫвݵĽһͣһжԵˡ
϶ԵϾ˭ϫǰ㣬һ߰Ҷƻһ߷ȥһؽƵƽ֮
˭֮У˰ʯƵƽ֮ȫݳɹ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǺ֮һǧٶʯ룬ڶ̶̲յ蹦ڣһӰѲ̵ٶʯ룬Կһ漣ˣ

ǡǵٶδҲ̫˰ɣ
1977ʯϣϫ籼ƵĲǰ䲻һһɫ΢΢Щ͡
⡭ȷЩ
ҲĿࡣ
̫ˣ
һӾʹ˰˰ٶʯǶԷͣǰŲǶ˵Ķ㱶𺳱
Ϊǳϫ˰ٶȼȥ˸ɴֱ˳ˣͲپˣ
λϫʦܵȷУȻʱʱ̿һؽƵƽ֮ϲһ
ǰߵĹȻڣһˣķҲǼΪˣҶЩ͸ǳԲ֮ˣпܱһҪһЩ
ԣ䰵һͬʱֽסһȻ޷ϫķǳΪԷҪһЩ
нԶ鲻ӿһĨء
Ҷƽʥɾϫչֳ˵ķ裬һж¸ܵһѹ
صǣǱϾԶԶϳǰߡ
ЦЦ˵ʱٴ̷һš񵤡ʦ֣ʦܣڿʼҪĹעˣƴһŬǰɣһԤУٲץʱ䣬ֻ¾ƶǻԽԽˡ
һԶٷġ

ʱһһš
ϫһһԶʩչȫչһĽ
϶ԣϫǵٶҪԿһ˿ǵĲ࣬ҲҶжΪܣ־ԽսԽ¡
ǣڸ֪ϫǲƣԼľ鶼һó
ΨһֱרעڽƣȻңɼҲΪƾϫֻͣѿʼԼ׷Ҳе˲ѹ
Ҳκεķġ

ϫǺ֮Ĳֻ࣬ʣ²һٸʯ룡
֮УƽÿϫǶҪʯ룬һκ˾ĵһ֡
Ϊζţϫڷϵ裬ȷҪȹһλǿһ
Щһֱ겻ɢ
һ̣̲סһ䣬üѾ֮ɫ
죡Ҫŵʦã
˶Էһۡ
ͬгޱȣеһĪѹֹˣԽ󣬹ƽٶȾԽԽȻֱ仯ϸ΢ǲײɵۻһ̶ȣȴֱܹġ
ֹˣԽǲϴ׹ԽܼҲԽԽǿҲеޱȣΨп̷ɵҩ伱ĵ
磬˵ı׷Ǹô죿Ȼʵ
ҲЩ֪λشշֵϻˣ׷˵
šüݺݵ淢飬ҿɲǾ׳ǣ
һʦܣɱˣһжӲǰۣ
ƲƲ죬ٶԣȴѧԺû涨ڴ˶֣ȻǾֻҪ˵Էˣ
ͬʱҶҲڽ̸
Ҷʦܣ˵϶ԷʱԷǶ֣
ҶһҡͷЦӦòɣǱϾͬţ־Զֹڶ
ߵǿɲãʴа˭ãΪȴУǱȻıǳԽġ
ҶЦЦʦĪΪǱȻֹˣ
ͷò
ȥ
ٲԸ⿴ҲòϣǿҪϫǳԽˣ
ʱǵλڵڶǧʮʯϣϫѵִڶǧʮʯϣ˴֮䣬ֻʮʯ룡
֮䣬ֱӽ̸ˡ
ٿɫҲ⸡һĨɫĿʳˮ
ڹ㣬רעǰ֮ϣܹӵԣǷʦȷ˵
ս׼ҿǼһɫЩơƳһۣҶơ
ҶƲźۼص˵ͷͬҲע⵽һĻ
ڳϫͬ͹һרƽơ
Ȼûвеղ֪óšѹ࣬һɽŵζ
кϷˣ
ʹŵ⣬ͻȻڣĮȻĴһĨζĻȡ
ԣ®̩Զһ񣬷׷ѯ֪ϫֻʮƾ׷ʱԶסһ̾
Ϸɲֹˣ˵ǻᶷһ
ڣһ仰ڳϹŶעս̫Ȥˣ


1391 ս
ϡ
ʱţϫһǰǵִڶǧʮʯʱϫѿִǧʮʯϡ
Ǳ˴֮䣬ѽֻʣһʯ룡
ԭͽŵգһҲǽ˼¡
ϣ
һ̣ɫޱȵҲ಻סȻת˫ңңָ˳ϫˣ
˫һһף䣬ϼڣͷ˵â
ˣϫ͵شƽѣĿɨӶȥ
ͬʱҶҲһ䣬սӿս׼
ʦܣ
ˣһںȳ˶Էһ䣬ĪҪ
羪ףǰĹҲǾѹŤͷƳһĻʱԭԲ԰׵һӱɷס
û뵽Է׷ٶȾ˿죬Ҳܵ˲С䵱ע⵽Ǳ˴˼ǽŵĶʱҲһţʶڵǧҪ֡
ˣϫ˼ؿ˶ԷһۣЦʦ֡ʦ㣬ߵĽԽԽ˫һΣǾҪȴ˵Ҳ١
˻һϣֹ͹ǣҶҲü㲻ϫΪͻȻһ顣
ߣ˭Ǻˣ
˿ڣ߿ھܾ
ϫЦЦʼյûһۣĿһֱ͹ϡ
ֽӵ̬ȣ׼ŭ䣬ԭͻһӵķŭϫôһ̼ʱˣ˫͵նһVνâ

һɱ˺գһ˺ѲļХͷϫɱȥ
˭Ҳû뵽侹˵־Ͷ֣͹ҪʱѾˡ
أ
ϫɽһӣҽǣȾһ˿̻Ϣ׽ԷһĨһա
ǿ
͹ͫһϫһɽ¶ˮȴ赭д֮佫ɱһ⣬ս֪кεǿ
ǶǶʥһڶĴڣǿȻֻǼһѾǸ֣
Ҳ΢΢һҲܹԤϵԼһ˵Էȴû뵽Է׽ԼĹƻˡ

Ҷ֣
ҶҲŭԭڱ˴˶ͬŵķϣͶԷϵ̫˭侹˲֪ô
Ƕ֣ͱϫסҡͷ԰ꡣ
˵ţٴ귢룺λغ˵ǹҽƵҲԽԽǿʱսֻ˭޷ͨ˵ˡ
˶٣Ͼ˫Ѿڴнҹ˴ҲļӦŶԣսô
˻һ͹ѡ
ֹǣҶҲ¶˼֮ɫΪϫ˵ѲսҹҲѿҪﵽޡ
£ȷǲ˷ҵĳͻˣпֹڴˣԵǵʴˡ
ϫʦܷģǲǶ֡
գ㿪ڣ˾һ仰ȴǳϫϣǱ˴˼ȻǾϵǸ߸Ϊס
֮ǲսҲǺ
־ҶȻ⿴ΪǺгϫ죬ܳԽԷĲˡ
꿴˹һۣҪ˵ʲôɿԷһӣҲֻա
䣬ΪĽľڣȴһƵýеĻʽ˶С
ʦ㲻ٿһ£
ϫüûʲô˼ֻű˴˶ԺӣûʲôޣȻǾϵҲǿԺġ
ˡ
죬ᶨܾͰˣûʲô˵ģллʦĺ⡣
ϫһ̾ԼףλʦֻҲһĽµŮӣԸʧܣҲԸҪ
ϫٶ˵ʼרƽơ
Ҳ£˼һŵվλ⣬ʧ
һʱ
ϫˣһԾ̤ڵʯϣ׺ͶԷ
ɫһɫѿ֮
ϲλˡΨЦŹ֣ɫ԰һƬһĨȻ֮ɫһš
ҶƼˣҲЩ㣬Ǻ˴гϫڣյʤߣԻڹˡ
⵹ǹάΪûгϫ裬ҶƣǸ׷ϹǵĲˡ
Ƕߵһ
ܵ˵ǹǵЩƫƫ˳ϫ޷ļһ
յ蹦
ϫƽһʯƣһԾϡ
ƣҲǴӴ˿ʼŤתǱ˺һʯ롣
ֵһǣ˫ͬһʱʯϵĽƾͻ»ָƽ⣬޷ڱ˺󷽼ˡ
ϫֻѸϹˡ
ʱʱڶǧʮʯϣϫڶǧʮ߸ʯϡ
ۣ
ڳϫƽһʯʱǺʯϵĹ͵³һѪɫһӱɷ͸
͵һæǰסΨʲôˡ
û¡
ǿһЦõѪۣʼƳơ
ˣϫδƳƣ뵽˳˼֮С
ҶƼˣһ񣬲δȥߴٳϫǰΪԼѲµϫҪʲôˡ
һ󣬹Ƴһƣ̤˳ϫڵʯ
һ˫ִͬһϡ
һЩ²͸ԷҪʲô
ܿ죬ϫ͸˴𰸣һ߰ɣȥʦ޵Ҳؽشòʧ
ҪܾȴϫֵôˣҪͨ˵
仰˵İϣ͸һɲݾܾζ
һ߰ɣǱϾͬţǵˡҶȻһЦ
죬δ˵ʲô
һ̣ڳףϫһֱδǵ֣оĪӿһĨǸпǲ
лˡ
˴𸴣ΪҲĹƴȥ
ΪղŵĲǸ
ͬʱҲһֿڣĸҲòϣϫֵǸ
ϫЦЦٳɣʼרƽơ
ҧҧӣҲϫߣһж
衢ҶơꡢˣȻ䵱˻һֿǲϴбϮǡ
Ա׳һ֮󣬾ϵΪĬ
սˡ˲ã
ʹŵ⣬˸ԣ缤䣬ԴкԼ͡


1392 ֮
սˣ
ԣ®̩䶼΢΢һӻտ˽⵽ϵһкҲǽסһп
СӣᣬѾ߱ؽĿ⣬յֻ̤֮һʱˣ

ϡ
û˾ϫ˺ļΪĬ
ϫ͹ǰƳƣһǱϮΪ١
ڶǧʮʯ
ڶǧپʮʯ
ڶǧ߰ʮ

һ̤뵽˵ڶǧŰٸʯϣٲһٸʯ˳ͨһ
УÿƿһʯƣԾܻһʥϢνջ񲻶ϡ
ϫںС֮ٴں̫󺱼ƣҲں˰˳ң
ջ񣬾ǳϫ֮ǰ޷Ԥϵģ⾪ϲ
󣬵ͨһؽƺֻҲܳںϣʱɾֻʣһƣܿġ֮ʥˡ
һ̵ĳϫȻδעЩ
һٸʯϵĽƣֲĴڣԺҲ֮ãǿҲܴˡ
ϫɿһ
ԣɫԶһ࣬ʮֵľ
ʵִ˵غǻٶѸеһƣû취ƽĹУǼǺͣЪһֱڲսļ
ǽԶ׼˳˵ҩֻڰ;ʱͼֲסˡ
ˣƣġ
ˣ֪ƳƵĳϫ͹ˣǺεȾ޴ˣĵĲֹ
㳣ò񵤡ֹʣΪƳһؽƣҲòˡ
ںϫ˽⵽һк󣬶ʱܾ˹İһԿţԼһȥƽ
ֲϫҲֻܽ
УҲʶϫķΪֹǱǿһ㣬ǿ̫ˣɣϫӵС֮ˣ
ֹˣϫ֮ǿͬϣֱûзֳϫϢһ˿쳣仯
ѵΪѴﵽˡӤز
㱻Լ²һϸһȴоԼĲ²ⲢţΪϫֵʵ̫ǿѳʥɾӵеķ롣
ܿ죬͹˲ٺ˼룬ΪϫʼƽǵڶǧŰٸһˣ
ĿһʯϣδݣֻڹĦϵĽͼҪһϫƽ⡣
Դͳϫһչж󣬹һֱڰ۲ϫƽַǵȳ裬ֹһо̾лȻʡ۽ĸо
˵һ·ֻǴĦϫƽַлǳڶеһϲá
ͬҲտڷ֮һֱᶨƵڷ֮·ϣֱѳΪһ֡
Ϊ̫ڷʦϷΪСաºҲѧԺ֪
ķʦȻɽߵĽ͡Ŀ⡣
ڡ
ȴһո̤ѧͽ㣬桢רעΨִκιĦѧϰϸˡ
УҲǲʱȡϲ⡢𾪡ȵֱһСŮһ㣬Ļһ˿ʥڶӵơ
ϫȻûʶԼ֪֮䣬Ѿ۷һλʦһȴС
ڴˣֻƲƲ죬ҶЩ棬ԼλϫʦܵδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
򽻻һнһ̾ȴòùĸŮӱֳֽϰӣ֪ϫڷϵǺεȵľˡ
ǳˣҲĲԩ

ˣ
ڶǧŰһʯϵĽƱƳϫɣ̤һʯʼƽһơ
ˣ̲סʵϫʦܣղŵһֽϣҵ۵ģ
ϫһŤͷŹǺĿ⣬ЦЦҲûֽѿԱ񹂣ܹͨҪƽȷΪ鷳޼Ѱ
˵ţеľһһһ顣
񹂣
һУһ׳ϫķȷѴﵽˡ֮
Ϊʦ˵Ƶ߾磬񹂣һ£Թ֮ͨ죬
ܹ񹂵ģһ߱š֮ˮ׼
ʦƽһλӵСĴڣڲƽ˵Ųɡ
ԭԼλʦܾȻѽزˡ
֪أϫˡ
ΪҪȳϫһЩڶʥϵҲԺޱȣЩԣҪ
ϫܹڷϳһĿܲˣ
һ
ϫٴƽһƣô˻ᣬʲôƵģԴڴؿųϫϫʦܣ˵㽨һˣ֪ܷˣ
˻һʱסˣû뵽ʱ̹һˡ
ʦҪһдϫҲЦʵ
̸д裬ѧϰʵʵ˵
ϫЩܳЦʦɷˣԸ⣬ʱ®ҽĵõģõټ볽ˣ
Դʧô˵ǾܾҼô
ϫæĸңʦʱӭʦ룡
ЦȶʥڶĴڣһλʦͲöԷܼ볽أĿܻܾˣ
ʱЦˣȻǾ˵ˡ
˳ӣ˶һĲ˼飬ԼŻ˳ӣֱǲ
ȻͨҲԴʱ̬ǺεȳտΪӵѧϰĻᣬ󣬶ѧԺһӵ̬ȣ
¡¡
ǧϰٵǴзɱһٴĿҫ۹ư磬ޱȣʱ˲ٺ˼롣
ϫʼƳơ
ȷһϵĽƣһӯ
ǵءߡ֮Ŀǰķ裬Ҳֻȥƽ⣬޷ȥƿء
⻹һ̤֮·ͱخƽķţӴ񹂵ĸ֮֮߱񹂵켣ͼȻġ
񹂿һ񹂵ĻټڷʱвϽӴͼƣȴϤ̸֮ƿأȥƽ⣬ǿ԰쵽ģֻЩ鷳ˡ
Ϊеɲôױݺƽġ
Ȼƿе֮ƽʱԿҪһЩ㣬ÿƽһؽƣҪĽһʱ䡣


1393 ƽȥ
ڳϫǿʼƳһؽƵʱ򣬵ʹŵ⣬ҲһֱڹעһĻ
֮ǰҪԵøΪ¡
Ϊͬһؽεǿǵõ񹂽ƣԺͱڴ˵ذ֮ãûͨˡ
ֹˣڵʹŵÿһο֮ÿһνĵӾųɾŶǰһؽϡ
û취ǵȽ֮ʵ̫ѣ֮˵ʥɾУҲ޷ٵҲֻʵʵѰٵеۣƾ֮Ƴ
˵ǲڣѪأԶΣգۼֺ鷳ȴΪ
ΪҪ֮Ĭҳǧ֮ǧؿ㣬һ粻ȥǾͳ׺͵ʴԵˡ
£ҲЩĳϫǻˣĻпܻѧԺӰ죡
ԭܼ򵥣ʴ̫Ҫ漰ѧԺķ棬Ǵ˴ûеܹдУһҲ֪ҪȵԺˡ
֪ŵѸ綯꣬ǧҪױʱ̸ʲôʴС
ϣ˶
أԺ仰
ֵʹŵ֮ǰʦϸϸһ룬ȴһ̾ȷƾԼεģһлҪˡ
һ̣ȴѹ˲ÿЩһӱϷһĻĻ
ʱţҲһϡܹһĨ֮ɫüӿԽԽŨ
ʱ˶һܡ
˺£
òϫʲô˰ɣ
®̩ע⵽˻յ̬仯סпһæʳ
ͬҲϵһУԺ֮ã֪һؽкε
ǳϫʲô⣬ǿɾźˡ
ղԣ񶼹עϡ
һĻ®ǵҲ
ʱƣѾȥ֮ãʼգձδУһ˿
һڳҲʼóš
ѵϫҲˣ
ʧܣһεʹŵؿ壬ɾȫˡ
®̩˼ɡ
ֹǶˣЩע˵ر仯һϹŶҲڱ˴˽̸ţԴ֮ĪһĨ֮ɫ
Ӧòдˡ
һ죬һֱĬԵĻպȻ૿ڣע⡣
ôǷֵܼ󣿡
®æѯ
һɫŹֵɨ®һۡ
®һѵ˵Ѿʧˣ
ռˣʱ׶ԷˣǲɷһĨп֮ɫʧܣҵֹ˾ˡ
®˽Զһͷˮʲô˼
زˣֻƣͿ˳ͨˡڵ⣬ʱǱ뿪ڤ֮ˡ
˻һȫ𾪣
®̩䣬Щһֱע˵صϹŶ֮ǰڵĳϫǻᱻжã뵽ԷȻҪ˳ͨˣ
ǿķǶһ㶣βŶع
˵У˳Ƴһؽƣûһ˿谭ϹŶʳ
ʱ䣬ȻȵԺʤһﰡ
ҿϫСһȻѰɱȡ
һ̾𣬵ȴɻ
û취ֻܰзһһһ֮
ԭʱУһֱڹ۲ϫǵжȴ췢֣ڵִһؽƺǵжûκ谭˵ÿƳƵʱ䳤һʱ䣬ȴδڹ
һֱٶȲƣûҲ𾪲ѣһֱ˼еİ
ֱܴ·ֱһؽƱˣǳϫ̫ǿˣǿ
ƺȻģֵҲ쳣ƽʹݣԴʼƳƣûͣ˼
һУûʶһ⣬Լ߳ϫһСƵģ
ΪУԽ֪Բѷֽڲİڣвֹ򣬻̺ŷ硢סִ
ԭΪǳϫʦΪƣжϴˡ
˲ã˲ð
ӻտе֪һкһϹŶ̾ѡ
տûҰĲ²йؽгΪʦ漰ĳߵͳ
˵ѲµǸͳǺηʥȴҲԿˡ
ԣǴ˴ˣ㶼˳ܹͨȡʴϿɵɽֻһֻ֮Ҫһˡ
ϹŶͻȻڣע⡣
ȵȿɣͨڤ֮֮󣬱ѪأеĿ򵥣ȴпΣյģһο֮󣬲ֳܷ
տ˵

ϡ
ϫרƽһؽơ
һ̣˽Զ಻סмڴѣƣһһɨˡ
Ϊͨһؽ֮Ǿܼʶڤ֮ףһؿ֮Ѫأ
Ҳζţֻһ͵ʴıˣ
ˡ
һƲ쳹һؽƱƽɹֻͬһνƲΪֱʮأɢ˻ϡ
һɲǼ䣬ȼյǿζһſ貵ǣؾֹǿϣӿɵͷԣƴ
ǵ龰ΪģƬǿһ̴ӳ˯˹һ㡣
ȳϫǾֻ̾ǰҰһãܿƵرһɾŲƣһ̣ʧһʯϡ

һƬռűĵɹӵשıڻҰһƬյûκΰΡ
Ψڴһϵͭײģ
ˣ
һղ𣬳ϫ˵ӰٿȻ֮УǵĿ⼸ǲԼͬͱ֮ͭ
ͭײĸ߾ɾţʮɣ͹žɣܲŷޱȵͼơ
ʮյգħԣתÿһͼԶءֺޱȣԶԶһƻ㱼صǻС
ڤ֮ף
ɲǼ䣬˾жϳȻǴ˵кųؾʮص̫
УＫΪ죬ܹڤ磬ϧڼһʱͱݣ³ͷ㱻׻ٵҲںżȻѰٵõ˴˵ء
ǿǡ
ʱڤ֮׵Ĳ棬Ʒʲôɫ䲻ƵطһĨɫ
ϫһݣҲλã̧ڤ֮ױʱʱҲһĻĿĵĻ棡


1394 
ڤ֮ײ棬ͬ׭һضĹͼ
˼롢ա˺գºơγȷָ̫µĹϾġ쾡¡
ϫǣλõһͼȼաƻһʯֱͨȻǡڵĳ
֮ǰòڤ֮ƽɣ
ڣдһĨ𺳡
ҲһԼµ˵ģ֮ǰǵһ־ڤ֮һ硣
磬
ȷ̫𾪣Ҫ֪ڤ֮ױһغͼ²ǧ֮࣬ǡһ磬˵ڤ֮ڣӵǧ磿
һУ϶ûмء
ϫ仳ɣȴ˸¶ˡ
ôʱ䣬һжҲ٣ͨڤ֮׽ѪغеĿҪȲڣΣա
Ҷһƨϥڵ棬һʼϢ
սʥɾܵѹҲһֱڽ״̬һɣɢ˼ƵģҲֲסˡ
ֹҶƣҲԶˡ
˵ѪصĿ鼫Ϊ򵥣ȴΪΣգǶǿ֮ĩǳôʱ޸Ϊס
ϫҲϥأĵϢƽǧؽƣҲĴѱٿݽ߱Ե
ϫǲǰѪˡ
ϫǣͻȻڣҪ˳һжҿԻ˹һϿɡ
Ϊʲô
ϫҲ˲õϢˣȻʵ
ܹߵѾһ׮ٳȥЩԲˡ
Цſڣɫƽκʧ䡣
ʥϢѾˣѪأȥɡ
Ҳſڣһ̵һ˰㣬û֮ǰ塢ʡŭ֮ɫԭʵܼ򵥣ںͳϫһж󣬳ϫһһѾķԲ֮ǰǰӳϫ
ûгϫҲִͨ˵ˡ
°ҲǸ֪ͼ飬һԲȥͳϫǾյĵʴС
ҲôģʴеֲֻԸٺǾڴֹ׵ġ
˵ڣ˵˼
˼ᶨģϫ֪Ҳ޷ȰȴǲӿһĨԸпʱ򣬲þҪƴһҲΪĻԵ˴˾ҪΪˡ
ϣ塢顢ڡһǱĬӰÿһˡ
ƺͶľͿԼǺεˡ
˿ڳϫУꡢ㡢λԺƵӣ߱һںƷʡ
ȻҲΪͬΪʦֵܣͬΪѧԺһԱ˴˲κγԹǱ˴˲ϤӵһβսľѾİ˳Ϊѡ
ͽвʶ
ĴУڤ֮װλá
ϫҶơ˶ϥأץʱ޸
ꡢ㡢뿪
Ӵ˵뿪ķΪ򵥣ڽʹŵ֮ǰǸнԶһĨҪ뿪ʹŵأֻ轫ӡ

ʹŵعرջжã
ʹŵ⣬һֱעб仯ĻͻȻʵ
졣
®ɿ
ȷ˸ýʱˡ
յ˵ͷҹꡢ㡢ˣ˴δӵʹŵطغΪֻ»һͻƣ벽Ҳпܵġ
˶٣ڷɡսˣҲڵʹŵл˲ٻԵȻɽʥɾ
˵⣬Աߵ®̲סϫأǷܻõʴϿɣ
Ȼĵģǵʴе⡣
ʵֹϹŶͬҲ⡣
նԴˣȴ޷ƶϳѵִڤ֮ǰһѪأͿλܡޡˡ
ޣ
ἰ֣®һϹŶҲһһη̫ʱڵĵʣǼѳΪɣضһֻ¸֪ˡ

һ
ϫ˽ԶӴȣ׻ָ
벻ȻӵЧһֵ֮ʮ֮ˡҶƳ𣬷һ̾档
սʥɾ̫ԭûָһָܻܣ˭ؿĴȴ˲˼Ч񶼴ﵽ˱һ۷״̬
ϫͬҲˣհһж鹦شϡ
߰ɣʹŵعرֻʣʱ䣬ϼأѪص·Ͳڤ֮ڡ
ϫϣڤ֮ǰһһ˫ַɣһضɬķӡ
ڵķţǿڤ֮׵طÿһеӵһطȴ˭ܹϵġ
ˣ
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תݺݺ˶ԷһۣһɲǼŭ飬Ҷ˶һ¡


1395 սż
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ԶԶȥѪ֮ϵӰƳΪ֮һoһɿɲ˵Ϣ˷ɫ䡣
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˴ο飬ֻһǰսһʧܣǽԶ޷ٻõʴУ硭ǰȥӦսɣԾԾԡ
֪սżɱ֮ÿһθʵͻһʦбʤİգҶƽסǵ
ҡͷһգұϾѿٳԼʥ֮Уʱɣ
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Уϫսżңңţ羪ԨңңԷ
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˿̹˲ùЩΪսżͬԵ̫ɲˣû˼ԼͳϫԱȡ


1396 ֮
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һϫ⿪磬׹һɲ쫷磬Ϥɽն
ԶԶȥһƬϵķ类ϫһ֮УǬ

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£ϫҲԲΪԼղһѳ׻ܶԷ

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սżѪɫ𣬲ѪһҲܵ˴ˡ
ԷԽԽǿˣղţһֻѽĨɱˡϫõѪգüޱȡ


1397 ƻ֮
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ͬʱһضɬϢǾεڶɢտʼΪСϸ꣬ɽ֮ЩػɬϢȴ籩㣬Ȼϯʮأ


1398 ս֮
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һУ˭Ҳֹˣǵڤ۸Ȼһжܡ
Ǹϫڣ´޼ѾͷķͷҲɣ
Ȫ۲أǸ忡ˣһʱޱȣǿǵڤ۵Ĵˣȴȥɽˡ
ˡ
ڴʱһĲɢȪɫ͵һϸ̽ȻԼرеڤ¼аʣڳ˶֮󣬾һ̷һĨŨҵĻƻ֮ɫ
һţ¹ڳš
ɻȪɫȴǼޱȣŸ̨ˣЦȻˣȻһˣˣ

Ұ»صѪء
ƻ裡
սᣡ
ʱ£䣬ϫһʩչѪ֮ϡ
ɲ֮䣬ԭӿŭѪأͻȻȾһĨƻ֮ɫ𽥹ڳš
ԭҪٴθսżѪⱬ顢䡢ɲ֮䣬ͻƬѪ飬ѪС
ƻʧعҹĻѪأҲͬڳţֱһнҶҲŴѹȻѡ
ˣ
ǵģˡ
Ѿ߱벽ܵսżٻδճ֮ʱͱս⳹Ĩɱ
أЩ㯣սⰡϫѵǵڤ۵ĴˣǴȥֱǲ룡
ͨ
УϫӰһΣһӵ棬ɫɷ͸֮ⰵüŨŨƣ֮ɫ亹ʪ
һĻҶƳѹ˴˽һ񣬽ԶĬûἰ¡
ϫû°ɣ
ôܼסô
ϫߣصԶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
û£ܼס
ϫǿЦЦȷܼסѣȴһս֮û취ѹեһ˿ˡ
Ҫǣղʩչս⣬̫أһɲǲ˿ôҡ
һ뵽ս⣬ϫвһĨ֮
ڤʱΪ˾ȳ£ֻຣɽ֮ۺͳԾȴܵԳعεִѹ
ʱлȪϫҲǶԷ֮С
գϫȴӮˣǳعελ޵ȴĨɱ
ԭͷڤ۵һճڤ¼а֮һٲ֣
һжص㣬صǣڵڤһ֮ǰ˳ϫһӡ
һӡʶ磬˸Żƻ֮ɫ
Ǿս⣡
ǲ򣬻ǲֻڳϫһ֮䡣
ʱϫȻܾˡ
һֱɽ磬ҲδҪȥս⣬Ϊһֽǹֻطĺİ壬Ҫǣսɱսڤɱ
£ϫҲȥȽ
񡭡Ϊ˳׻սżΪ˻õʴУΪ˶һõͼƬȴòս⡣
ȷճɹˣвЩǣһˣǸô죿
Һãڤ֮׽֮⣬޷̽һУʵˡ
ϫһԺзٶ룬ѾˣٶҲá
԰Ȼսż׻ܣҲζһˣᵽҲһ㶯ҲûУ
Ҷɻüѡ
Ѫءһؿ飬ֻҪͨԻõʴеϿɣؼȴһƬţκԤףȷ˷ѽ⡣
ʹŵعرֻʣ²յʱˣٻò˵ʴУһοˮһˡ
Ҳüڡ
ϫͬɻѡ
ˡ
ڴʱ֮һϢֳһӰ˫ָ֮ϣҹĻ֮µһס
һӰΪģ˿ݣǻɢȣȴϫһ˲޾𺳡
ֻŻ߱԰ưɣ
Īǣ̫֮һĵʣ
ǳϫŲϵһĨӰȴƾһ˿޵Ϥоһ㣬ϸȥȴģһƬİһƬ޷жԼǷԷ
Ҷƣ˿ѱԣһӰĿнԶѴһĨƵĳĽ
Ǹȷһǵʣ


1399 ӡ
֮ϣһϰӰ㣬ס
ϫ˽Զ𺳣ڸδע⵽Ѫ֮УٿȻӿɬٿȻֶȥ
һɲǣֻǰһԺӿһصĴӡ
ۣƵ֮У
ԺкһϵһӿԺеĴӡһĨУʶж
ȻһĨаӡһϴУ
Ԫǣն֮꣡
ͬʱҶԺҲһõĴӡһ棬ʶȼա
ͬһ棬ҲһִС
Ψϫһɴӡӿʶ֮ȴһصӡһƻɬ
һƻɬɢͱͼƬ͵ѹӡʱֹڳ֮С
ʱ򣬳ϫŸ֪ӡϣȻдšڤ֮ס˸عּ
ɵҪ̽еʱȴһƾγԣǰ첻
ô£
ǵʴ
Ϊ޷ȥ
ڤ֮ףĪ⴫кڤ֮׻Щϵ
һɲǼ䣬ϫɻ
ϧӦֻǰһڣͱһЮסܿƵŲƶȥҲ֪һС
ֹҶҲͬˡ

ʹŵ⡣
ջȻɫأԶ
ƾտٳһŻͨʹŵصڡ
Ƭ̣ʹŵؾҪرˡ
ૣüͷšһ
ѵϫʧ˲ɣ
®̩ҲһأֱʱϫҲδأⲻò˵ģʹŵһرգǶ޷ϫ˴ǡһεʹŵؿ
һʱЩأЩһֱע˵صϹŶҲĬԡ
ˡ
ԶУͨʹŵصͻȻһʼ
һĻյһϹŶɫһ䣬ʹŵҪرˣɳϫСһȻûô죿
¡¡
ձһۼҪʧУһɲǣһԺŴڲ籡
Ǻ֮ϣȻӰЮŴ˳
ৣ
ۼֿ죬һӣʱӰνס
ϫ
СˣֱǸô粻֣֣ƫƫʱ֣һĵ
Һ˳ˣڵʹŵڣǵȺ̫ˡ
Ӱǳϫ衢ҶʱڵϹŶԶһ
ϫ΢΢һ֮ʶԼѾ뿪˵ʹŵأһʱ֮䣬нԶЩ㱲ѡ
ôõʴûУ
СһսΣ
ǾѪʲô
ȳϫǻָѣϾһϹŶʻⶼУóϫǶ֪ûشһźá
ռˣֹѯĿϫʵõʴУ
ϫ룬Ȼ˵ͷδڣΪҲȷԼõһ򴫳УǷǵʴˡ
ˣͷȷϺ󣬻һϹŶľ̾һʱ֮俴ϫǵĿⶼˣٶο֮⡣
ˣеӻõʴˡϹŶп겻ѣ˹еһЩ¼
ҿǼǵúԴ򵱽Ժõʴ֮аδеӻõʴϿˡ
˲ã˲ð
һϹŶпϫǲʴζʲôЩϹŶ֪ܲˣ
Ժ֮ԵܹԺ֮λΪ˵ʴеϿɣ
֮õʴϿɣӵ˾ѧԺԺ֮λʸܻСˣ
ѧԺɽһѧԺϹŶ֪٣ܹԺ֮λֻһܹԺ֮λǻõʴϿɣ
д˱֪ϫ衢ҶܻõʴϿɣЩϹŶǴ˶𺳡
֮У˭ɱޣòŮްɣҲԣ֮о㿪ٳʥ򣬹һԺǵѧԺҪһλŮԺˣ
®Ц
ϹŶҲ׷׺Цѡ
ôϹŶĿ⡰顱عעţһڣæڵңǳϫɱսż
ǳϫ
ҶҲһԸͣһõʴб壬Ƕȴһûгϫ˵õʴУɱսżˡ
£Ȼϫͷˡ
Ȼǳϫ
һϹŶһԶû뵽СһǵǷȻܹδٳʥ£һٻɱޡԣȵȣ
СѾͷ˵սż
ʶһ㣬ڶϹŶԶһ
ǿÿһθʵɼҲʥɾΣսżͬʵֹ޸ǿʵļ޸ܴﵽΣ
񣬳ϫȻ׻ɱһսżԳڳϹŶǵǿϫĿⶼù
ûǴϫŸսʥɾѣδٳԼʥ򣬿ƫƫأȴһֱǸСﰡ
սż
зһĨɫųϫ
ϫٴε˵ͷȴЩɻսżĳѵʲôɣ
ϧȷϢ󣬱ûж˵ʲôֻϫĿУ޵شһĨ֮ɫ
ˣȻȥһɣô˻ܰڵʹŵ򵽵һȫգŲС
ЩϹŶҪһЩʲôյڣϫǻһ⡣
ǵģǻգϫǻ治֪ξܾЩϹŶǵѯʣ˭ǵı̫ء
˵ĵҲʵ飬ϫǸոջûԵʱҪľǵһʱ佫գʱһãЩͻɢࡣ
һϹŶҲЩջԼ
®֣һҪȥʦ˴εʹŵصһ鷳㽫ͻǱ֮ˡ
ճ®˹֣ûٶƾնȥ
һεʴбϫ˻ãһ飬ûҲҵ飬һʱͨʦҲǵԺ
һ뿪оֻʣ®̩λϹŶ
ԴӳϫǴӵʹŵط̩֮һֱĬδڴ˿̣ȴͻȻĿ˳ϫϫʱĻһ˰ɣЩѺ֪ʱһһһ֮㡣
ϫһЩĥ͸̩̬ȣջЦŹ֣ǰ룬
õϫĴ𸴣̩аһϵҲ࣬ϫ˵ͷ֮󣬱תȥ
ϫȥݷ̩䡭ţǰ֪ͨһԵɣԼҲҾͲ˵ˡ
Ŀ̩뿪֮󣬳ϫͻȻ®Ĵ΢΢һ˲˶Է⣬лǰػ


1400 ѧԺ
®
һأϫһƨڵϣĵϢ
û취ƣ˼£˺ۣʱһɣһָͷ붯ˡ
ԭǵʹŵУǴ߰ѹصĲڣǧ֮ǶսżΪꡭڶԶٿݽ߱ԵҪ
ǺսżһսܵشˣʱԼĵϣһ˿־֧ţֻ˲˯֮ˡ
һ˵ʹŵ֮Уȴջ޴󣬳
ȱĽΪһ˽Բ֮زѧԺһϹŶ֮Уܹﵽ˵زߡ
αǽСס̫ΡƳںϣѽֻںϣԿٳķ֮ʥ
½ˣĳϫѲѰʥɿɱȡ
ԭڣֹັǿĴΪ֮ͬеİٱ࣬ϽԲĽΪӤε֮
£֪ܹӳսǿᣬ˵ܹͬ޵УѾѰˡ
󣬵ٳ֮ʥʱʵֻᷢ˵ɱ䣡
һУֻһµʱڣ
һ£ںƣиƣֲںٶȣԳƵǾס˫ˡ
ЩջںսżĶԾУҲϫղòս򣬻֮һִ壬ִ𶼼ɵޱȣųƽ֮
жֲ
ӳϫһٽսżսĶԾоܿһ˿ߣҪǣյսŽֻǵѣǷ򡢻ƣ
սƵĲΣսͱ˰ִںϣǾǡֻء֮ˣ
Ȼϫ񼴱ս⣬Ҳٲû취ȵǸɣһ
һջȣϫΪصķǡʴС
źǣȷ˵ʴУȴ޷ȥҲֻ֪һӡϣдšħ֮˸ּ
ֱʱʱϫҲһĨɻ󣬵ʱǵԼͽô֮ȴͼƬһʲôҲûõ
ͼƬ춯Ǵʲôԭ
ѵǵʴ֮УʲôͼƬܵɣ
һУϫ޷ֻ֪ܰɻĵףҺԵʴв޶Ϊ񲢲Ƿȱκš
֮ƴһҲҪȡʴУĿҲֻΪ˶һͼƬ
ϸʱΪ˶һƼɽɽһٺķǧǼۣҲǧŰٶֵҪһͼƬҪһڰǧֵ
һ߾ĵϢϫһĬĬ˼⣬һ뵽ǶһͼƬʱҪְֵоͲһ̾
ָȫԸȥ׬ֵȻᣬɾʹ˵ˣ
ϫãϣ˼εĵϢ֮Уڲ粻ǸɺԵľѨϡУӤϥ

ʲôϫʦĻõʴˣ
Ļмٵģ
ϫһֱ̫ɶˣԴѧԺ֮ʲôͷռȥò˺úˣ˱߽ӡ
ޣҿǲ˶Ǽʳϫʦ֣бҲﴴһ漣ֵܵϳϫʦʮ֮ҸΪūΪһӣ͸죡һŮˣ뺷ʮ㡣
ԴԺԺ֮ڸǳϫʦֵĹâˡ
ϫСһǴ⣬ǰòɽֳô󶯾ֻ˵ʴϿɣôˣϻʲô첻𣿡
һ죬йسϫõʴеϢһ쫷һ㣬ϯѧԺ˻Ȼ;̾䶯һʱ

ѧԺһؾС
һϮ£׷ѩĻչ棬ϥһǺꡣ
꿴ģᣬĿвȴ¶޾ɣ֮⣬ѼʶµرǨһϴǦ豵İꡢϢ
ȻǵѧԺԺǺӣ
ͬҲǻյҵʦ
ӵʹŵعر֮󣬻ձͣзһжһһʦ
սżǵȷǹʦһĪϵʲôֵĵط
Ǻ֪һУڵʲôʱ˵ʴУȥϫҼһɡ
յ˵ͷ͵һͻȻʶʦ仰һ롱ֻ֣һ֣ĺȴ̫Ѱζˡ
ǺӵѧԺԺݣʲôʱһ˵֣
Уֻʲôˣ
ɲǼͷ֣ƺڳϫϣɽı֮⣬ƺһЩԼû˽⵽顣
ʦ𣬰ճԣò˼ϫյʴ֮ǷҪھȥ֪ͨ
ǰսסʵ
ôģ˴λõĴк͵һõĴȫͬǣһЩͣܲаˡ
Ǻ΢΢ЦЦͻֵȥɣò˶ãһ鶼ˮ棬Һڴһ١

Ժһ޽ɽĵС
ϫСֱ˹ʺˣƾʲôõʴУƾʲô
ŭУ֮ԺԺžһеˤ˸顣
ȷ˽ܡ
һԣԺϯϰʤ̾ϢɫҲ
һֱڹעϫϢԭΪ̩ŵ֮󣬳ϫȻٱQ˼ˣ˭һ¹ȥˣϫţһ˵ʴУ
ǵȻܹ֪õʴекε֮شҲˣųϫһʱвŻ˱ŭ
̩ҲǵģΪٳٲ֣ӻ˵ʴУһԾΪѧԺעĶԺпܽ䵱δļ̳ɱҲʵǰ
ŭطйһ֮ͨƽ٣һֶ̩ԸϫоֽסһԹŭ˵̩òָı˰ɣ
ܣ
ʤشļΪϣһڷϵѾڵʹŵعرʱ̩ϫ룬ҳϫʱҲ˴𸴣Ʋ⣬ϫǰݷ̩һ̣֮ʱ
ѾӦȥݷ̩ˣ
΢΢һЦɫȴǳ֮ɫ˵ӻЩǣѵΪѧԺ֮У˳
Ϊ벻յЧôʤһЦˡ


1401 콵ֵ

ϫӴ۾䣬žǳ֮⡣
Żӯõľ񣬳ϫ̲ס𣬳һһʡ
˴ξδʲôͻƣľٴͶ֮䣬ӵһʥ޷ơ
Ҳֻĥ֮󣬷ܹ߱ͺñȶд£Դ֮֮
ţ
ϫ֪һ£Ŀһȴһʲô

ͬʱֵ
ֵͬԵ֮ϰӷ׷ӵǾ̨ǰΣڵȴʲôһ
ƽԺһϰѧԺеϣΪȴһֱʥɵز
ԭһʱһؾܵһضϮشþһֶΣҲ޷䳹޸
ҲˣΪŻһֱʥɾٳ޷ͻƣһ߶ԣһش
ˣƾֻѽ벽ΣԺһϯϰˣĿһֱ˻Ժ־
ҺãǧһֱѰپķ򲻸ˣѰٵһ˿ϣǾǡǾŻ
ɷҵˣǾŻҩȴٳ޷룬ԭȱһζɲݣ
̫źպĺ֮һ£䴫Ѫ졣
˵֮ʣͻữһѪữһӣѪ֮УƳ³ɳͻһ䡪ɲݣ
俰ƾҩؼľܹ߻֮׳Ԫԡ
ϧǣţɲݼɽ֮УмУ
ˣƾƽֶΣܷѾǧҲ޷Ѱٵõ
ԭƽѾԴ˾ˣⱲӾͰԺеһͨϰ˭뵽ǰЩӣȻ⾺̨Ͽɲݾۣ
ԣֱһϲЩӼʱʱ̶̿Ⱥ⾺̨ǰΪľҪһٽɲݶһõ
죬Ǿ۽ˣ
һ뵽⣬ƽһĿ˾̨ϵɲݣаһ׼ֵҩԼ۵һǧֵҵҪ˭ҸԼˣ
ǵģԴ˱־ڱصãԲѣһ־͸һǧֵۣ۸ȴˣƽЩģžһֻûʧ˼
һѾõʥɾԣԻ˲ȣԻЦƽȴѹ˲ô࣬Ϊɲݶʵ̫Ҫˣϵܷ޸ꡢܷ벽ܷԺϯϰ£ܵˣ
̫ˣʮ˺ҾһѹôһҲް˸п
Ǻǣ֪㣬ڳϫ۵ټУľСģûһţһٶ˾۸ᵽһǧһֵ⣬ռ۸ֻ»Ҫˡ
˵ϫһﲻѧԺֳټ󶯾Ҷ˻񣬾ȻܹһóټıһȣӶо̫ˡ
ǰñȣֻԼġ
һһϫҲĻ⣬ۣ˾Ľ˼ʣһ㡣
һУƽģҲ֪Լʱ۵ġɲݡǳԳϫ֣֮Ѱٵõ
ֹˣ˴óټУȫطһսһ󺣣ɽмѾı
ҲΪԭ򣬲Żô˴ξ˺䶯ϰ͵ǰۡ
ٹʮϢ۾Ҫˣ
أȺһһлȻȻֹһӱţеĿⶼˢˢ˸ıϣϢΡ
Կ˽ԶЩţеĽ촽е˫ȭգеնЩ
ҲӲԿϫ۵ټǵջǺε֮
ƽһҲסһڸ඼סֱָоһθȥԼ࣬ǽڴ
̨ǰѻȸһƬž
ÿ˶ڵȴڴ
ʮϢ
Ƽ̣Ѿ㹻̫ˣҪĹͷٴγ־ۣһٽ£
ģˣٳʮֵ
һƬžУһձͨ죬Ҳܲס͵ش״˴ž
һһ£ӶľһƬľ
ߣȻˣҾټʮֵҿ˭
ٺ٣˱ȻϷ֮ˣ
ǡֱ̫ˣҲŸҪӼ۰ǾһӼô࡭
̨ǰʱһֿǰУ˶£޷ڱԼıص֮ģ֪ѶˣܶȴڰһﲻɼȴЩµļһﻹݡ
ȷΧĴ̼£ƽһɤۣͫʮָ߬һ𣬻ΪŶӲ

һöĲ쳹Ǿ̨ϣԭټͻȻһһ̾ͻһ磬ʧ
Ҳζţ۽ˣټѾͻ͵վ۳ɹС
䣡
һĻȫ
ӹȻɹˣ
˿ϲЦ
ͲһǧֵͲôһ㰡
˴ض㡣
ϧϧ
˰̾
ȻɹˣҡôһЩţ
˴
һƬϲŭֳķΧУһʱס
ĿˢˢȥȴԺϰƽֻ˿̵ǿЦɫϲƿһ㡣
˶죬ƽϰϾŰˣôֳӣ
ΨƽԼɹˣϾͿ޸ƣ벽ΣԺϯϰ֮·̤һ۷ˣ
ΪѿȺǧ£˲֪ٿͼڼʵ֣ܲˣˣ
ǵģǸ˵ÿҪˣ
һλһ߶ԣʲôȴ˸˵飿
ϫһﻹǻڣʲôֻҪմϹϵֳָܻĶ
˼ˣס˸п
ԣҲһȻģ
һһǰϫָľۣһƬпĻ
ʱڽ®УϫɫҲЩ㱡
ԭͷ۸׬ȡֵأ˭һӾȻһǧֵԭǧŰٶֵ񣬾ȻӵһǧֵҲ˵ٲŰֵҾͿȥһͼƬˣ⡭ⲻΰɣ
һ̣ϫоԴЩʹˡ


1402 ʥ֮
һͻȻƾնһǧֵ콵ƣԳϫľҲⱻ𺳵ˡ
ֵ̫ˣҪһз̫ͻȻ⣬óϫ㷢˰ΣŻع
óټջ񻹱ѧԺɣܹﵽһǧֵⰡ
ϫипѣǾ۵ĺôЩҪĳֱ˶ԣԻ᲻ϧһд۽¡
ϾֵԺ󻹿׬ȡûˣһҲ֪ʲôʱܹˡ
񻹲ŰҵֵͿȥһͼƬˣԳȥȡһЩ񣿡
ܿ죬ϫͰԼעתƵ׬ȡֵϡ
źǣϸһеķҲûֶڶʱڻȡֵ߰
ڵȲһʱ䣬ǿƾڻɾͨʯϵȡһʲƵֵϧʱ仹Щ̫˰
һ֮һǧֵһͼƬֻһСľ룬ҲõóϫЩȲ޲ھȥһĻٿһʱˡ
ţôˣȻΪʥɾ磬緽ϵʧȴѾʸȥʥˣ
أϫ۾һһ׬ȡֵľѰ취Ǿȥʥ

Ժѩɽ
ѩ⣬װعһƬѩ硣
ԶԶȥѩɽͨףǡһͷѩ߳أΪ۾͡
ѩɽۣ֮һӯʥİʯɰםԣɷ׳
ֻԺʥɾӷʸͽĶʥ񣬱¼ǰʯϣ£ʮ
֪Ժд޾Ӱ˰ˣʥɾˣܹڶʥʮеĵӣʵ֪кεǿ
Ȼʹ޽緽һֻҪܹʥϣһҫÿ»һʲƵֵ
񵥣ʥĽҪΪ
ৣ
ѩؼ䣬һεӰƾնһɲ֮䣬ѵѩɽۣ֮ǸƵĶʥǰ㡣
ˣǳϫ
һǰҪƾԼӵеʵһٵٶʥĿĵΪ򣬽ֻΪ˾һͼֵˡ
ϫǣִ˵ʱȻҶơ衢ɡҲڴˣҿѾ˶ʱˡ
֮⣬ҲвԺӡ
ףϫ
Ҿ֪϶̲סġ
ôϫʦҲҪʥ񣿡
ϫִҶǽԶ΢΢һ㼴Цӭ
ϫҲЦ֮ǰͺͷɡ˵ĹϵҲڣȻҲΪˡ
ҶǾ͸˵ˣǰǻһ𲢼սӵʹŵһ޽ꡣ
һĻڸУԶһۺ;Ľϫһγɵʵ̫ˣϹߴ֮һϵļ̳ˣл˺ᣬзһ䣬衢ҶµĽټһɽ綼ֵ÷зĳϫȺ벻Ŀѡ
ͨģϫʱ˽⵽ԭɡڵʹŵҲӵһԵʵʥ֮ǰԳһʥ
źǣǲŸոսʥɾ磬չֳսδһ̤㶷ʥ֮ϡ
ҶҲͬˣְ񵥲Ȥڽʹŵ֮ǰӵ˳ʥʸ񣬸صȵڡ
һ֮ǰҶƵļ£ŴӦһǰġ
ҲŸոճʥһԵüΪҫۣҶҪѷһЩڵʮ
ֲԭڣ̤ʥɾʱϣҶƱһֻһѾ˱˴˾롣
͸սѧԺʱϫԺԺ֪˵·ϣһر
ϫȤǣҶԶЩ˼ƫƫƺδ֮ٲȻһ仨⣬ˮ顱ĹϵóϫҲݸ
˵ϫΪϣҶܹΪµģҲȥƲЩ߶ԣһжҪһԵ֣ǿ󲻵ãһоͿ˵컯ˡ
ˣϫ㵹ǸϽȥһ°񵥣ǿһ㾿ܴﵽʲôΡ
ϫĸû꣬費üͷڣ黹һֱڿ죬ˬޱȡ
ԣϫʦϽжҿܷٸҴһϲˡҶҲһ塣
ϫûס˵һ䣬ûΪأҶʦʹ򳪸ˣ
ȥȥ
һˣ㻹һûƵģ治֪㾿ǲΪ˶ʥġ
Һڴϫı֡
Ҳ׷׿ڣߴٳϫ
ϫʵ˵һ䣬治Ϊ˶ʥģͬԼ˵⻰һ۲ɡ
ðɡ
ϫʼ磬һĿע£ֱ˶ʥ֮ǰ
䣡
ûκγɣֱۣ̽һ˹ȥƵᣬκɵһӡǰʯϣȴǲһɾ˵ĺ
һǼ䣬ѩɽһɲ֣
һ͵سǶʥϣһ·һھĿע£̶̼ɱǰʮٶ΢˻ˣڲš




Ѳµϫܹǰʮ֮УɵһĻʱڳɲɱһĨ𺳡
ٶȣֹһԵ˵ã
ˣ
ɡ뵹һ
ڶˣҲˡ
Ҷ𺳣
һ
һ̣ϫһԾռݵһ֮λҲʱҲ
죡
ֱ̫ˣ
û´ϫɻδٳʥ򣬿ɼˣȻһԾΪ˶ʥϵĵһ
֮Ժʥɾ֮Уսԣһܹϫȼ磬£ʵ޷󣬵ϫٳԼʥʱսֻεȸ߶ˡ
һ
ֹ裬һҲȫͣϸϫŸոսʥɾʱ䰡
һУϫǲûʲôоʱͼʶʵϲˣܹһҲԤ֮С
ϫϵ𾪱ʱлǲһЦˣҪ̥ˡ
ΨһóϫаοǣڽʥһһɲǣһӶһǧֵ
Ҳ˵ӵ˳һڰǧĿֵȫȥһͼƬˡ


1403 
ոջõʴеĳϫ֮ʥһ
һϢһһʯǧˣѧԺĪ䶯ҲϫƵʷǰĸ߶ȣй顣
ۣȴٲȻѱһ۵
ʲôǻҪԳϫΪĿꣿѰˣ̫øԶɲã֮·Ҫ̤ʵصģ
Ժһϰ˽ѵԼЩҪԳϫΪܶĿѧ
ྲϷڿΣȴǳϫĻ⣬ֱд
һڿεĽϰʹļףɸֵشȳ⣬޵ԴϫһﷵѧԺѧԺˣֱǸ¾
ʲô㻹׷С㣬ʡʡɣǳϫʦֲϲңһҲΪ£ǡ
ʲô
׷ϳϫʦֵĲ
죡ô˵ֱ̫˵ˣ㻹˵ˣ
һŮΪϫִϫܾ׷ߵһɱò׷ᡣ
ҪŶӵȶð
Ϊô׼ģûǰЩʦʦŶӵȺһһҹʱ䣿㿴һԹˣ
ô˵ǵġ
԰һҪȫԸȡͨ˵ĿˣԺгϫʦţǰ;
ǡô˵ϫʦֺͬˮһ
ߣϣǵѧԺƾϫʦ˭ҶһëԸ볽ˣͽ¹ϵɣ
Ҽ룬Ҽ뻹𣿡
ųϫ룬ĳҲΪѧԺٵԴҲҪѧ޲ĽŽˮ¥̨ȵ£ϫһЩ顣
黹кֳܶ࣬ЦӹɵǣϫڵѧԺеȷѴﵽһֲֿ߶ȣ޶ܹ֮ͬ󼰡

зĺ䶯Уֻмע⵽ֵһͼƬڳϫʥһͱһˡ
ԶȻǳϫΪ

ǳС
һͨڰ߲ƸСԼĪӤƴСĹ״Ƭڳϫǰɢһɹ϶ԭʼϢ
ոմֵжһĺͼƬ˵һӻѵһڰǧֵɳϫȴһ㶼ۡ
ΪͼƬɲκμֵܹģ
У˱ޱȣƾãɽ֮ƾͼݳ֮У̤֮ۡ
ڴˣϫĸҪΪ̣Ϊ񣬴ӺͼƬлõ̫ô˵޺ͼƬҲ޷ȡɾˡ
ǰͼƬǳϫõĵ߿飡
Ҳ֪һֻԼľϲˡ
ǰһͼƬϫĿҲ𽥱ȣٳɣһͽԼָȥ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ʶвһ첨˲Ϣǵ߿ͼƬȡʶԭŵĺͼƬȫںһ
̼ڵʯ֮ɣϫӦʱһɰϵϢǺͼƬɢʶ
䣡
ϤĲϤĹϻɬͼ縡ӰڳϫԺбըһɲǼ䣬ֻţʱ⣬׷ݵ˻Դ֮ڡ
ָо˹ϡ嫡ءع磬ԼΪһҴҹͣʶǨ¡
ָоǰԼСɳ΢ϫĵһȻռŵ
¡¡
ָоԽԽǿңװ飬쫷Ϯ꣬һɲǣϫоԼǡԼ֪һֻδ־סҪԼаһ㡣
ȻܵһɰɬϣԼ궼ڡ𶯲ѡ
ֳ֮޴óϫһʧȥʶ

Ҳ֪˶á
ʱţգգ۾ϫĿȻϣòһһ𽥻ָ
ȻͷԼʶйڳš
ԼΪΪʥΪǾ񡭡һжûзκεı仯
ô£
ϫȻѵûдӺͼƬлȡһ˿ôô
ЩʣһϸŻŹκһ䣬ҲһΪʶеĺͼƬ淺ŵһ˿˿͸ţ޵Ĺ
֮⣬κջˡ
óϫЩʧ䣬૵ô֮ǰǵһɻɬֵꡭţˣ꣡
͵أϫͻȻ֣Լ֮ûκγɣʼĸ֪꣬һ̽
ˣ
ϫ紥ְĸ֪Ҫ뵽ʱһĻɬٿȻɢһУ
У
תݣأųѤĹϼ֮и籡һĪ״궼֡
һɲǣϫ㱸оԼһؼУ¾֮٣ԽԼˣ
ƣ
ϫͻأطһ򣬿ȴ֣ʵںкˡ
˿ȴǳ׹ǲԼУȻǡơˣ
ţ
ͬʱϫ͵زʶоĺͼƬ˿̾ҲһĨ͸Ĺ
ЩһصͼͼлһּϧȴΪģƾϫŬҲֻԼϳġ桢񡢹šĸ֡
һĻһ˲䣬ʧͼƬҲعڳ֮УΨǡع⡱һУתţ׷ɣѤʡ
ʲô
ΪǺͼƬлӿһͼ
ġ桢񡢹šЩعּ֮Уּ
һɲǣϫӿϳһɻ󣬴ԴҲ벻ס
ܿ죬һƣӿ꣬пһæջԼ֪һǡơҲʧһƣ֮Ҳ֮
ƶ֮ҲǼ󡭡ϧǣȴû취ƿؼԦ֪便кˡ
ϫ̾һһεջ񲻿ν󣬵ȴԵ̫ɬأǽƣһںͼƬϵͼƺ޷յ
ȴſͼƬʱԽһŪ˰ɣ
ϫૣԼоԼռĺͼʱһɻ󶼽ӭж⣬ڣҲֻܽЩɻѹĵˡ
ûٶ룬뿪ǳ硣
ϫãء
ϫӰһڽ®Уͱס׿СǸסˣ۰Ͱ͵ųϫ
ϫǲǺͰһôԺֶ࿪ģôû
ĸСһԴ󣬾ƨƨߵسΪ˰С࣬Ӹֲ˼񣬶̽ԼһۣóϫҲЩζ


1404 ػ
ϫһӣವһϣпǴ۰˭Ĵܵʱ򣬲أ
׿һĨ׹⣬ԾϫĻëԴǵزųϫţ˵˺ˣˡ
СҲͬˣЩֻѩ׵βزŪϫ˫ȣڰοһ㡣
ֱֵӣֱӸϫһܱصĴųϫϫķˣ
˻һСһ۾һ
ˣϫһЦûҿǲңԶ˰ɡ
Ȼϫ˽⵽ԭǴ˴ηأ֮ܰУǰ˴һˡ
ԭ޷Ҳ򵥣Դ˽ԺҲֻڳ˴¶һ棬ܶ೽˳ԱδӴʱһЩᣬʱһЩˡ
֪һУϫ룬ջǾǰ˴һˣȻתȥݷ̩䡣

˴ԺλԺһɽ֮ࡣ
ϾĳԱ󲿷ԺӣԺӲԼĪռ֮һңΪ˱˴ֻѡԺ֮С
ʵֹǳˣѧԺѧҲŵѡԺԭֻһ㡣
ʱֵ磬壬ȡ
˴ǼüһãʮԱ֮⣬˼ȫˡ
ĳˣٲȻѳΪ˵ѧԺĿѧӵԺһʮԺٶʮˣԣѾԺѧԺκһ⣬й֮
ԯᡱᡱһЩѧԺѧӵеĳԱҲŲ˶ѡ
ЩҪ֪ԺӣΪﵽ޾ĲŲ˰ˣʥɾ٣ֻˡ
ѧԺеѧʮܹ֮࣬һʮԺӣѾԵüΪĿҫˡ
ǽʱ䣬ųϫõʴУΪʥһѧԺ˿ǰ䶯ҲòѧԺӷ׷ǰ˱ҪΪһԱԤȥ˼пܻΪѧԺһѧ
ȻҲбף˵ǿҲѧļɵ;ЩѧҪݺݽѵˡ
Щ񻹲֣ĦĦûǸѧҺͳ˳׸һˡ
ԭͬ򵥣һϫ
ǳϫţ岻ѧ䲻ðȻˡ
ЩȴһŴ˵ĳˣʵԯҵСųϫʵǳϫԳ֮¸ͲʣԴ˽ΪγϫӲڳ
ϢҲ֪ôأһӴ뵽ÿһ˳ԱУòٳԱжЩɡ
ٳԱѿʼʰһоǼ٣һ𸴣ǾҪ˳ˣðҲЩͷö
Ĩƽˣֻó˷ֱɢΪ˾ԱǱųϫģܴϫһ񣬿վϫǰӵмߵĺ
ڣٳ˳ԱԶһۼ˳˴У׷׽㲻һȷд𸴣Ҫһ˳ˡ
˵ìڽѱٵ˱Ե
ԯʦ㣬ҵΪѣһ𸴣Ҫ֪ҵȿɶΪ˳ϫʦֶɴڳôˣȴûϫʦһΣδЩ˻ˡ
˴Уһڣ٩٩̸԰λԯҵС治ɫһԼķ߿ٲȻһȻģ
壬Ժһ޾ӣ֮ͬҲΪڣԱ˳ԱҲ׷׸͡
ԯС㣬ǲμӵĳϫʦֵĳˣɲԯϵĳˣ
һ𰸣Ҳ£ֻ˳˰ˣ˼
ǷǷǣվҪ˶ϡ
Щڳٳ˳ԱԶԥ˵ʵҲȷ£ˣҲһкȫ۹
ڴ룬Цٻմ˿ԵƽĮȻٿһѼˮƵȴǲƵӿһĨŭ
֮ܿԻֳ棬ȫǱļͬγɡ
޷ƽ£˵ؽܳشΪѧԺЦųֱ³
ԣ˿°Ҳֻǿš
ôҪƹˣûйˣ˼볽ʱܵĹأ
ܰסһԵȴ಻סˣȳ⼸һǰػģ޲ó縲ˡ
ǿɲǱƹҲδعףǽһ޷Ҫȷǳ˾ԯϵģڳϫʦֵģ
ɫ䣬Դ֮伫ɿԣٲȻԯϺͳϫ
ˣŭЦҵǿ廹һֻΪϫǰ
Щһһһϫ˫˭֪ʲôˮټϽ췢̫Σ㶼ǲǱĵˡ
Ͼ̫죬ɱۺʹѹˡ
ԯʦԵҲΪ˳ϫʦ֣ҵȿɸܼ볽ˣŵĻһڳλʦʦʦʦǣǷҲģ
㼥岢δŭһȻļơ
ʦִԵ
ԯʦһ𸴣
ҲͬʦֵĿ
һָٴôеľңٳ˳Ա궯ѣѿҪƿˡ
ˣֱ޵壬Ͳýɽˣ
ãԸٹãϫǰʱҵҪǷ˴Ȼ
һ㻺ڣӶѹȥ
ײУ㼴ȻЦҪȣѾȶˣѾδõ𸴣ԯʦòҪŪǰɣ
Ȱ㿪ڣԯС㣬ҴһΣ˾˭ģ޷˵ǣǿɱҵھ˳ˣ
ԣ˳ˣ
˳ˣ
ǼֹͬһЩԭ;岻ĳ˳ԱЩ⶯ˣư˷չȥǳϫˣֻҲء
ãͬǼ˳ˣӽԺ󣬳˺κǣ
ڴʱһٿȻڴ쳹һɺ㣬ʱѹƣѻȸ
һƬžУһͦӰƾո֣˰ԣһϮ忡ʳ
ϫ
ϫ֣д˳ԱԶһ񣬾ϲѡ
ǰ㡢ʡԯʵˣڿϫִһɲǣڳһ
ڳ֮УΨǼͬɫ䣡


1405 ŤתǬ
ϫƾճ֣˴ԭ궯Ϊ֮һ䣬ۣѻȸš
˵Ӱ
ԳϫͷʵԺϰҲԳԾӣָοڳЩˡ
ϫ֣һӳȵס
һΣЩͬȷǱҪ䣬Ӷﵽѳ˵Ŀġ
ҲжһҪ죬һϫ֣һŬһжǰʹϫԴʥ󣬾Ϳʼ˱չأǶһѻᡣ
Ǳչжʹ粻֮࣬׷׹ĶԱڴˣһƹϷ롣
Ϊ׼㣬ıѾãǵжչ˳ۼϾҪɹˣƫƫأϫˣһӾͽǵļƻƻ
ԭܼ򵥣Ǵ˴жžǳϫҪԯƹ֤ĳ˲ǳϫģԯϵģӶﵽԱ˳˵Ŀġ
ºЩ˳˵ĳԱ֪ǳϫģɵʱһжˡ
Ʋνϧųϫ֣עѳʧܡ
ҲѰ֮ɫ΢΢仯֮󣬾Цֵϫʦֳڴˣ¾ͷˣ˿ʱѧԺеһԹȻУƾ죬氡
ʲôţ
Ȼ˵ԯϴųϫĻǳϫӵУҲΪŸǽڣΡƹŻʦڣġ
ǰҵ֮ǰͻˣҲΪ˿ǣΪϫʦַǡ
ЩͬҲ׷׿ڣֻȴǱò֮ǰǰˡ
Ǻǣת찡ҵһʣΪȷϴ£ҪʦҪ˳ΪҪЮֶΣ
ˣסǳϫֻ֣ѹĶԱһ˳˰ɣǷûɣԭΪҳ˶
˵ǴһĨ֮ɫ
ٳ˳Աɫһ䣬֮ǰҲеЩΣ˹ƻһֱȷϣųϫ֣侲һ룬оԲ
һʱ֮䣬˵ĿҲˡ
ԯʦ㣬֪ղŵΪЩðҲǳһǻ壬κ˽ġ
ܵΧɨӶĿ⣬пһȴǴȻ˵ңǳϫʦ־þòˣ֮¸Ͳᷢ
һ仰ٲȻìͷָ˳ϫ
仰˵ȴһ㲻٣ǳϫþò˳ԱҲױƻˡ
ϫһֱЦЦһУìͷָԼɫ𽥱ͻȻڵһ㣬ȷĲԣҵǸԴˡ
˵ţ΢΢ɫϿ档
˼ˣԶ𾪡
˭Ҳû뵽ԳϫݣǵǸˣһʱ֮ԶЩ޴롣
ЩжԳϫ΢ʵĳ˳ԱˣҲܴһ˿Ľһɨա
ϫʦˣ˭֪Щһֱˣȡý֮
ǰϫʦµˣܰʱ䶼ڳϣҶġ
ߣ翴ЩĵˣҲԴ볽֮ڴ˻˶洦ȴػģͼҵȣĿ
ǳ˳Աߵ޲غͺԭڣΪǳгϫʦЩ˰Ǽñ˺ã
һڳ˳Ա׷׿ֳ֧ϫ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ϫһεǸܴﵽЧˡ
λ񰮣Ҿ𣬻ǳ˴죬ѧһһλд轻λе;ʲôɻǽԶ̽һλЦҲΨǸˡ
ˣϫЦЦĿһɨܣٴοڣͶ֮䣬һȺ׵Ĵơ
죡
һڳг˳Աһϲɫǰڳϣֻѻˡ
˭֪ϫ֮˭ЩڵѧԺдһĿ漣ǰ죬ϫոջ˵ʴϿɣ˶ʥһ
˵ĵѧԺԳϫ߱ʵ㹻ȥһϰˣ
ʱȻӦڳ˴ʹһ𽲵죬Ⱥᣬ˭ܲˣ
ϫΪô죿
Ϊܴô漣
ģ
Դ֪
һУһڳ˳ԱڴǺܴеõһЩ㲦
ЩҲסĶѣһ뵽Լ֮ǰΪеĻȶʱȴɢ١
ͬҲֽԼֻûʸȥͽˡ
˳Աϫ֮丧ƽн٣ƿؾ棬һԵİҲǸ˲ѣбųϫĲаһﻹ˵ûܣƭ˵ģ
һԵʡԯʣп֮Ȼ˱ˣʲôʱԼҲܹӵϫǰͺ
Ǽλ뿪ɣӽԺҳ޶ȼˣ
һƬУϫĿٿȻϣƽκθ鲨ȴôΪ֮һࡣ
ৣ
ĿⶼˢˢϣĿвмͱģҲв̺ͬ顣
ɫ仯κͻȻȻЦϫʦǴˣұ£ȴ³ֻҵ̫°
ϫüͷһһﻹĲֱڻһƽӶԼȡģٲ֪ˣҾЩĻָʹǵˣɱˣ
˻һǲȻЦȻֹĿЩɲȻ˦ͬΪı߰ɡ
˵ţ˴뿪˴С
ǣɲ֪ǸղŶɶ񡣡Ŀ뿪Щĵشϫ
СѣҵҲһ뿪˳֮ǻĸѧˡϫɿ촫ش
ŻȻԭϫǴ˳ϣĻָʹߣ˵Щ½ɣҿʲ
ϫЦŴӦ˶Է
ϫòıƻ˳˴ʼһڳ˳Ա۵д轻
˷׷ϯضϫԴļ֪ټĴУΨгϫ糿ĺİ쳹
ʥ̤֮ʥĵ;һһĪӯУԲ£̻ˡ
տʼ˶ԳϫĽЩɣʱţ˶𽥳˳ϫġ֮С
ü˼⡣
á
üҴЦ
ǵһԣͬ
ֱһ󣬳ϫֹʼһһһڳ˳ԱͻԭҲ֮
ٵӽԶ׷װԼ·ϵɻϫҲǲһһָڶԷöԷеͷȣéٿ֮С
ǳϫͨ죬ԶԶǰߣνѧǰ󣬴Ϊʦ˵


1406 ǿд
۵죬Ž
һڳԱδ׷ϫٶЩʱ䣬ֻ죬ȴһն񣬳ඥ֮УȹһҪǿ̫ˡ
ϫȴܾˣû취ڴӵʹŵطʱʹӦ̩䣬ҪȥݷһˣȴΪ鵢鵽ڣĻٵȥˡ
ô˵ԷҲѧԺһλϹŶּߣڵսʱȹϫһΣ£ϫɲҵ˴¡
뿪ǰϫɵǣͨ۵ڲһΣǱϢ⡣
žһ֮󣬳ԺȻβƣҲϴεˡ
ǳϫ֮ڳ۵ҪﵽĿġ
ĿȻѾﵽôǸݷ̩ʱˡ

ৣ
£ϫӰƾ˸
ǵ®ԣҪȥݷ̩䣬ǰ֪ͨһʵʱϫף®˾ǶԼһֻػ
֪λϼ̳ԼУɽԼѺͬˮ𣬳˺Ƥ
ȷֻҲλʵﵽεҲΪԼ䡣
£̩λӰĴϹŶͻȻҪټԼͲòóϫˡ
Ҳ֪̩ǺεΪˣϧԺչزԼһȥ̩䣬ȫġ
һ߷ɳۣϫĬĬ˼⡣
ˣ
ڴʱزһɲɲ֮䣬ϫֻоԼڵƬض뵽һ֡Ծֹ״̬
ʱ䡢ռ䡢һ̶ᣡ

ܹһģߴɡ
ɲ֮䣬ϫͫһǵѧԺڲ˭ôӾȻ֡ʽסԼ
СһҪţһ˰ɡ
һϵڶ쳹óϫпһʱжϳ˶ԷݣֻӰܿƵرһɾŲƶȥ
գ۹ѳһռšׯࡢֺĴС
룬ֻһλղϵµ߶ϣǣ˯˯͸һɰꡢƽԨơ
ˣȻ̩䣡
Էϫһû뵽ԼûѰ®أӲ̩䡰ǿԡ˹
ϫеľһᵽ˼¡
֪У̩һز¶Ĵڣֻϣûϵ֮
ҲΪˣŻóϫе֣ΪıҪϸģ£̩Ųܣ
ЩͷڳϫԺһţ͹ϫݼǰ
ضɡ
̩俪ڣޱȵһƬƽκԽԽóϫеһԵѹȡ
һŬԼ侲һһϡ
СһЩΪҪϷ򣿡̩ǵдһ˿޵Ĳ
һ˿óϫǽ񾭻˲٣ΪԷ̬Ȳôᶨʹ⡣
æЦڣЩһһһ顣
̩Ŷһϲŭðβ̾Ϣˣǿ԰Щ飬޷ٵȴȥ
ϫһݣ֪ԷҪ˵ˡ
Ȼ̩͵ӰͻȻһͦǵͻȻޱȣҹĻ֮ͻȻ˺ѳ磬ǣ֮
һ̵һԶoѣͶ޲һ£ǡ
ϵĶԹϷ˴ǰֻΪһ飬ϣ̧ܸ֣ɸΪ񲯡
̩ûʲôֱֱ˵ӽϫֻҪӦϷ֤ĸƽ£ĸ
ȳϫڣڵϣңԭֻһ綯٣һң˱ؽ٣۳վһѪϷ顣
˵գųϫȴ𸴡
һʱžޱȣΨǲϵصţһһ䣬Īһֱָĵѹ
ѹ֮£ϫ˳Ĭɫ粻
̩䲢ʲôֻҪһ𰸣Ժĵظϫ㹻˼ʱ䡣
ǣϫĳĬ˲Ƭʱ䣬ɫ±üᶨƽ̩Ҳ޷֪Էʵ
ָоĪ̩һ˿õԤС
ûȳϫڣüֱԵ֪Ϊն䣬Ѿϴ˼ΪصĴڲǲڶһױ˭Ҳ޷⣬ĸף
ϧʧǣڳϫϣѰٲһ˿еֻʣһˮƽ
ǰһһΪϿǣҲΪһж޹ء
ϫڣɫһƽΪվϵϣδǹĸܡ
̩üͷһ壬ϵϸһĨӰռŵĴźѹ֣Ҫᡣ
ϫȴƽ˵ҳ죬ҵ˽ȫ̺ʣҺүүĸ͵ܵܡ
û꣬ҵĸĸҲʧˣֻʣҺ游ܵΪûûҹ衢Ц
Ų֪ʮ꣬ǽ̱£ɨǣΪһлҶүүҲǲ̫ùˡ
ƽĻ˵ŹһУڳϫϿߡʹ࣬еֻһּµƽ
үүҲȥֱܵܵ۱ϣʱҸо춼ҪˣԼɣԼǸǣԸӵĽѡʹ࣬е¶޷Ĩȥ
ٺҲڿһ˿ϣ֪ĸûҲ֪ǻٵҳһĻ־˭ԡƴһд۵ŬǿҲи˷κܹǿĻʱ䣬ҡ
˵⣬ϫͻȻһЦӿһĨ֮Ĺâ̩䣬ҲˣѾ߱ϵϾҪԸΪʱô
ᣡ
ͻȻϫϡɱϣһƣ˭޷ҷҶԲЩȥˣԲүүԲ𡭡Լ
˵⣬첻ԣɫ¹ƽ
̩ɫޱȣ˫ӿŸΨǿռŴأ쳹ųϫһƽĻ
Ĭã̩ͻȻ̾һɫӵ˼£ڸпϫⶵˣΪһµĳԹ
ųϫǱ䡢ĮȻһƬΣΪϣϷվ᲻һУϷһ䣬㡭Ƿı⣿


1407 ת
£һƬɱ
еѹ֮ʮɽѹȵֱ
Ƿı⣿
һ仰̩䷢ͨ뺣
һɲǣϫΪ֮һϣܵһɺεɱΣУë׶һ
УȴƾһĨ̩䣬ֻϣΪϣԲһжԹһǷֱԸһ̺Լʯ٣
ǵģʯ٣
ЦһҪɱһʥɾϰɣܻʯ٣
ҪĳϫѷɱȣɽˣŮ洵вƽ飬˵ʴСѧԺһϹŶ
̩ɱҲڸԼһĹʱû˻̩仹ȥ
ʯ٣
Ȼ̩һУľ㡰ɱʡһľٶǳϫиеĵط
վڶԷϣϫԻѡ
վԼϣԷľٶһֱ
˵ڲìܣϣĸ׺͵ϡ
ĬãϫѹиڣͬǰǷϣìƾ޷׸
̩һУ϶ĮȻϲδУȴǳһ̾
Ϊϫ˵ĲΪì޷ĨֺڳڵѧԺУڲһУ
ףһӱ̬ܵ
һ㣬ȴֻˣıһֻϣڲìܵײȴܻ־Ϊתơ
ìܣڸǣ绹Ҫġ
ϫδע̩ɫǷ仯Թ˵ȴԱֻ֤Ҫǰ֧ң֧ĸףϾ˶෴ƶ֮ϣעҪǿ󣡡
ϫ˵̩ɫһѡ񣿡
еɱϢŨˣ
̩ϫһλִҪϣҪһϵԸġ
˻˽⣬̩᲻֪ƿϽɵһϱȻԪˣʱϻʲôʸλϹߴҵУ
˵ȳش󣬲޷ˣʹ˳û䡢
Ϊϵû䣬עһжķ⣬ֻûݺҧһڣ
ΣյϢԽԽʢ̹ǵѹҲԽԽϢ˿̵ĳϫɫƽȻΣüޡ
ǰѵ֪Ϊһ˵ϲñǿ󣿡ϫʡ
̩ĮȻҳϣĸƿϣƾյĸάϵ϶ʱİȫҪñǿ󣬵ƾЩɾ޷
˶٣һ棬׻Ҫǿ󣬸οҼ٣ڲˣ
֮ǣѰһᱻ˵綯ʱ̣Ǿ鷢ġ
ϫֱʵǰпз񾳴ڣ
񾳣
̩ͫһĿâϫȴߴļ;档
ƺ˵ȼϷܻ㣿
Ӧôŷ񾳴ߣĿֻôȼˡϫȴǴ̩ĳĬƷһ˿ߣڡ
̩üСһҵʣ޼ˡ
ϫͷף֮ǰȴǰһ£֧Һĸףұ֤ϻ񾳴ڣ
˻һƽף̩Ҳ𶯲ѣֽס¶һĨĮȻϫŶ
񾳣
ƣ
һʥɾСһƾʲô˵˻Ļ
ѵΪðײ˲ɣ
˸ô˵̩䶼ԷϻֱһƾͽԷˣ
ˣϫ˿̵ĻҲ̩䶯һ˿ŭΪִⱨϣСһȻ˲ֶΣֱЩɥĲˣ
ǳŻԼĳԼΣ
ڴˣϫܼ򵥣óһС
У̩ٿȻ䣬ɱ֮ÿһռ䶼֡
Ϊϫ㶯ĳرѰˣһɱ׼
һŭǬױ䣡
Ǵ˿̩¶ĺεɱϫ׹ߣѪƶᣬɫ԰
գǴһС
һɲǣ̩ɱױƾʧԭأһ̣һֻϴ־ͳڳϫ֮֮أƼֲһɱ£˵ǳϫֻҲܡ
ɾһɲǣ̩һֻϴ޷Ųһ˿
ΪĿ⣬ױеƷ
һͨԲܲɫԣԼĪӤȭͷСıһŲȻɫС̫㾲УͷųһƾϢ
ЩϢܻвһضµͼ컨׹ޱڣйϵƮ
ʥԴ˵е
֮飡
ҲֻʥϵĹ屦ܻ˺ص
ҲΪϳ˵֮飬̩ǱɱһŻ֮һɲǼֹͣ޷֡
ͫһţ˫üĮȻɱȻУѲƵشһĨ𾪡Ȼ֮ɫ˶
֮飡
Ȼǵ֮飡
ףԭղųϫ˵һвǻɥĲ񡭡
ҲףΪγϫ˵һ󻰣Ϊθ϶ķ񾳴ڣ
һжΪǰ屦֮飡
Ϊһڣ̩ܲ׵֮ҪԣԹ񣬲֪жΪ˸ҲԵô˱
ԭڣ̫֮ѵá̫Ҳ̫ˣκһλ֮ԣﶼͬĹ屦
̩û뵽ȹ屦ȻôԼǰˡ
һ̣һƬž
ϫԳһ԰׵ɲһĨ¶մ֮һ⡣
һյʱ
ϫһռšĴ߳
ʱֵ磬ۣѤһƬ˿̳ϫ飬ݡһ˿
֮ǰѾ̩ԼոıȻ̩䣬ٲֳϫϵĶԹ
ϫĴۣȻǵ֮顣
ΪϣȻһɱҡ飬ֻ˭Ҳ޷ͻɣ
Ų⣬ϫԽ֮ǰڴеһĻ֪Ѿ̩ԼԼѾ޷ԭ¶Էˡ


1408 ı
ףϫԼеĳޣϵǰܹ̩ͬ飬ȴ޷ı̩̬ȡ
ӶԷһɲǺԥıɱһоܿó
̩յ̬֮Ըı䣬ͬҲΪϵ档
Ϊϫó֮飬Ա֤ڲ񵱽һϵ֮ϲʹû䣬෴Աǿ
£ϫ̩֮Լվֻһ潻ѣͨ׵ԣͽ
ֱ۶Թһ
ԣϫ޷̩κκøС
Ϊ̩Ϊˣɵһ̩ΪʱԻԥɱԷ
飿

ϫѾΪ˸㹻ۣĹܹȫɱ⣬ԲŹһˡ
ΪĸѩѾ̫ò

ϫ
ڳϫ뿪һһ˼һ߳ԼĶʱһٿȻ쳹
һϮ£׷ѩĻƾո֡
ݼǰ
ϫһæ
ؿղžһҶСɫĮȻ䣬ϳϫʱҪ࣬Ĳ
ϫһ˵̩佫ԼһʱվѾע⵽һˣ
̩֮ͻȻԼֵһ̣Լ²ó֮飬Ҳ
һ뵽⣬ϫͻȻӿһĨ湰ֵлǰա
յѻõʴУѧԺУûʲôùԺԣҲû˭ܹɱ㣬һΡ̩һ
ϫԭһԺ˼Ҳѿˣ
յ˵ͷֹˣڴ֮⣬̫ȡŻҲһֱڣ̩һͣ֡
û˵꣬ζѾɡ
Ҳ˵һ̩ǿصжʵѱԺУ̫ȣ氽ŻڣԼնӪȳϫĨɱ̩׼
ҲΪλջ˵˴ǳϫ̩һ
ͨһУϫǸж֮Լ֮ңܻ˴ࣿ
Ҳں̩ԼҲΪ˸ĵ֮飬ΪЩ飬ֻԼˣŸ塣
Щչ˵Լһʱȴ޷չԼһ
ŵ֮飬ǰ£Żǰת̫ȡŻλǰͻȻϫóУ˹ȥ
ûλװװԼһΣΪҪǣϣ˻ᣬΪԼԺ󸴳Ӯø
һУղ΢΢һĬãʵɲˡ
ֻ⡣ϫ濴ŶԷ
մͻȻһĨĻȣӳϫãŵãһһһתǶˡ
ǿɾͶлǰˡ
ϫЦͳԵԷƫƫȴһлӣ˿϶

һУռš塣
̩ϣޱȵϴһĨԳ֮ɫ૵ô˵Сһһ
ǿ϶ġ
棬һӺӰһͷѩİ׷ȴŮ⻬Ө󡢰𪣬֬ƽԨӿһƽɫ档
һɫڱ߹װֳһɶɫȣɢһΰơ
ˣȻǻ̫ȣ
ߣһӣ˫ָü˫ɽبΰܺ£侲һȴһ˵ĿֲѹһͷݷµĲ
ӹɣΰӱǰŻڣλڲؾ¥в֪µ棡
Ҫʲô
̩˼ã̧ǵɨ˶Էһۣһɲǣƺˡ
Щ飬һٶϾǵѧԺ
ŶԷǲϵգ̫̾˿ϼһҿû뵽гһջΪУҺãһжûз
ߣҿһϺͿˣӳϫСӻõʴʱӦףû˯ɱԺ
һԵİŻ߳һ֮ģ
̩ɬһЦ̾ϢҺγԸˣǴŲףжôҪˣҺڶڴôꣿ
һζӱվǰ취㡭Ϊ֮ɡ
̫ҡҡͷͰŻת뿪
һʱ֮䣬ֻʣ̩һˣǿĴУ뵽˳˼֮С

Ժ˵ˣ㳹յʴУһ棬֮ǰɵúúŬˡһ·ϫ®ǰͣ˲ڡ
Ժټ
ϫһڴѣһЦǵʴӡʶУΪͼƬĹϵȴ޷ȥһҲ֪²Ժˡ
ˣкδ㣿ǼǱޣͻȻʵ
ἰ⣬ϫһʵǰҪ˼һˣҪʲô׼
˼磿
΢΢һ˼ҵˣǴ½ΪҪ˼Ǽѡ
˵ţԭ˳ϫ
ԭ˼ɽȫֹͬ˼߷ɽ缫ѣɽҪ˼ͬޱȡ
Ϊɽյѳ˼룬һ˼磬ͻᱻֱĨɱĿľΪάϵ˼ȹ̣ɽ֮٣˼жٽ棬ֻ¶ѱһˡ
ͺñȳϫʥɾǳ˼УͶ֮Ĵ߽ݻٵһС磡
һ˵ʲôҲһһ֮䣬ܰһСӯȫȡһգ
£Ϊάϵ˼ǧ硢СתǾǿ˼ġ
Ȼ뷴˼磬Ҳû;
ջһתһԣɽҪ½磬·ѡһǴͥлһɽگƾگ֮һ߷½磬ҪɣȴҪڵ֮ϡ
ɽگ
óϫ鲻Խһ£ı죬ֳɽگŽģ
ϫɲѡɽگˣΪѾ˽⵽ͥƿ̫Ͻ̵ġ޿ɵۡУⷵ˼ʱʲô⣬Բѡַʽˡ
ϫְ취Ȥֱ˵˵ڶְ취ڶְ취ҪһЩطˣطһɽĶ֮УȻǵѧԺȻҲС
˵⣬ʲô£ɫ΢΢һĨ֮ɫҪ˼磬һºҰɣסǧҪ֪ˡ
ϫæǵʱ鷳ǰˡ
ջֵؿм£иˡ
˵գҴƾŲƶȥ


1409 ֮
뿪֮󣬳ϫ˽®С
ΨһҪǵľĸ׵İΣˣҲ֪˴εľϣǷ̼岻һзڲͻˡ
ϥڶУϫȴþ޷ƽ
̩֮ǰԼĶԻȻڲһԼѺ̩һЭ飬ôԷˣȻĳЩӦ
һɱͻᲨĸѩ
ϫͬҲĸܴ֮񣬱Ȼˣ̩˵ڲϵһϵԵΪһϵѩΪ
ϵ֮ڲìڳϫδʱѲѩɻúúõģôȻӵһϵɵˡ
ҵʱѾԽԽˣұڲͻ֮ǰһж׼׵
ϫһϣһºȥݷûգٷ˼磬ܵܳ껺Щ˰׵ˣΨˣº϶ԿҲûκκ֮ǡ
ڸס
Īأϫ˸׳Ѷȫޣֲһ̾
Լɽ紫£׳ɽУ᲻ǰѧԺԼ棿
ѵѲɽУ˵⻹ʲô鲻ɣ
գϫҡҡͷٶ롣

ϫţ
һԻʹУʤɫҧڣм͸һĨɣȴǷŭ
̩棬ν͵ģ
ԣɫҲȻһ䣬ɿѯ
̩Ѿչˣ
ʤɫ࣬ѾԱ̩沢δ˵һȷѡ񣡡
Ϊʲô̩飬׷Źϫģѵлʲôʣ
һ飬ЩһֱڵȴȴϫѶᴫ˭뵽õһϢ
ֹˣ˵ȥβѩʱԷҲܾ˼⡣
ʤأк䣬ҲζţǳϫѩѾͼˣ
һУһʱסþòòųô죿
ʤô죬ȰѴɣһᣬҹơһܶҾҪˣ
ң
һ̾Ϣʵڵ꣬ǾӦòһд۲Էġ
ᷳˣĪҪᣡ

β
һռУɽˮʡéݡ
ѩһСԺУԶĝɽīüӯһĨ֮ɫ
ϫڴˣһᷢԼڳ˼ʱ飬ĸѩ߷һĳһĲ
ѩ
һɳƵͳ쳹һ¡ͨɫɽƾն
ȻλϹŶڤ
ԴѩѺڴˣڤΪϵһֱͼһϵԿ
֮ڤĴڣ൱ٵĵλ߸壬ǰ߸ѩ
壬ˡ
ѩŤͷǳǳЦڲĳͻҪˡ
ڤȴüͷ壺˵Ĳϧ׼ʱ̫ˣһͻӵе˶Էһ
ѩЦЦ˵ϫЩıֺܲء
ἰϫڤҲǷһĨѵõ΢ЦпȷʵСһɽеƵ죬˿ɼ
ԳϫͣѩҲЦˣ͸һĨգգ۾ǵȻҺĶӡ
ڤݸͷҲǸ㲻صϫİΣ֮ǰʱѵõϢ̩ϼһﲢδϫ֡
̩䣿
֣ѩ߲ɷһĨ֮ɫò˵岻Ҫ۶֮λҪΪصĴۣܻóˡϧУһжԹֲ֡
ڤ侲ȴòϣЩΪ̩ĴڣǲһֱͶԷһֱжԿֹ𶥴ѹˡ
ѩ˵ͷҲҾĵطλҪ̩֮ɱϫȷһк壬ҶЩ͹˶ԷֶΣҺãһвδˣ̩ԥô꣬˴Ƿȷ̬ˣ
ڤҡͷõϢ̩Ѿչˣѳ׶Լ״ʧ˰ɡ
˵ѴһĨп
١̩䶼ͬһʱƿغӰϴ󲿷񣬿ϧȴ˲ͬ·
֧Ϊϡ
̩һУѡ˳ڲӵѧԺ
ڤһֱ֧ѩҪصʧȥһУһֱ
ʱô꣬һԹѾٱԵ̩ȴѡ˱չأⲻòڤпһĻ͵
壬Ǹ˯ϼһô˵
ѩͻȻʵ
ԣڤɫһӱأҡͷЩѽӴˣһɣͻѾͱĳЭ
棡
ڤеıѾߣȴƺλΪ棬ôӵеȨƺ͵λָÿֲεȳ̶ȣ
ôǸֻ֪̫أѩҲüͷһ壬ʵ
仪沢δ̬ʵ˵İڤ̾Ϣ
仪棡
ȻһλܹλȼĴڡ
ߣ϶ˣˣҸ׵̫ʺ񣬵ƾǵΪԽϣ
ѩһ¶һĨε˵⣬ͻȻ΢΢һʲôü壬˵Ǹò֡
˵
˵꣬ڤüڣȻҲѲµʲô𣬵㸸µĹأֻѱ֮Ժˡ
ѩһֻĴˡ
ڤ˵ͷĬã˵ǵؿѩѩ֮ϡûô
ѩ岻صģֻҪ뿪˵أ֮Ͼκβҡ˵⣬濴ŶԷ壬Ϣ
ڤҡͷ
ˣѩŵѾô϶ǲģǰѰ١֮ơˣҲֻܴ֮ϡ
ڤһ𣺡ǱĴڣ
ѩҡͷ˽ֻҪһϣ϶ȥġ˵ӯӯˮԺвһϤӰ
ѩˡ
κڤǡ
壬һͻʱϵøãǾԽΪ˶ˡ
ѩɿ˵
ףѩҲҪСģѾˣǧ򲻿ɴˡ
ڤ˵ͷӰһƾʧ
ҿ϶Ҫúûš
ѩһСԺУૣ˼һƮɵУɷĶӡ


1410 ͥС
ѧԺһؾС
ˣ
һתڿգͷųǻԣӳճǿգЩǳһƬ췱ܵͼ
ͼУݺύһӨӨ㣬飬ɢԡ
ϳһĹ㶼һƬ㣬ӯŸָ֮ϢΪ졣
һǧѭУǿããһƬ
ѧԺԺǺӸֶ泯һ̣ƽӿ
ģᣬȴ²ɣϴ񣬸һֳǦ豹ĴݵȻϢ
ǹͥС硣
Ǻָǹеһ㣬ƽڵڤۺɽ֮˱۵ʮգʤ˵֪ݵµĵ伮ԣһ۵֮λͨĴЯĳر
˶٣Ʋ⣬ڤӦñڤ¼аʣһͼƬ
һԣһϮ£׷ѩĻһݡ
֮ǰͳϫؽ®󣬱ҴҸڴˣԭͳϫ죬̸˼ʱͻȻյǺӵһ
ҲΪһƴŻӦϫһºĳֽطɽ緵˼硣
ջû뵽ʦǺӾԲִ£̡ӳճ˼ǧ硢СľλãһһָϫǡͥС硱У
ǺӶԹͥСĽܣһһ֮ͨС磬ǵɽ֮͵ڤ۵ĵط
й¶ȥֻ·һȻ󲨲ɣ
ɽ֮ˣ
ڤۣ
ǿɶ̫ʱڶ죬Ŀֲڣ
֮۵ȴѡһͨСУβ˾棿
ǰǺԣڤۺɽ֮۵֮󣬷ֱ𽫸ԵرСУ⡭Ϊʲô
һжһգ˲ò棬˿̵ĻҲͬˣ̲סϫòɽаɣ
ǺЦĪ
ȴˣʮа˾űȻˣ૵ô˵ǴӹͥСгˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һʦղ˵ڤ۽ڤ¼аҲڹͥС磬òᡭҲϫ˰ɣ
Ǻڤ¼аʣڤϵرڸ𶼼ɵֵĴСֻأ
رϫУҲζѳɼ̳˵ڤ²һɻ䣡
Դˣ̫ʱڵķѹȥʲôɣڼǰѲҪ
Ǻ̬ȻοϽ֮ɲֹô˼µһڤ֮ףγҲһ֮
պָܿ侲ղ֮ԳԾȫû뵽ϫɳĵطȻôഫ¡
һ뵽ϫڵѧԺеֱ֣һõʴУͶһһ鱣ֵеĺͼƬԼһС
ֲãҾͻôӵзԭ˼ʱѻɽˡ
ոпѡ
Сһɲֹô򵥡
ǺЦЦǿհﷺ˿˿󣬡ȥɣһºʱ˼硣

ǳ硣
ϫϥơ
ѽСסΡ̫ƳںϣֻʣںϣܿٳԼķ֮ʥ
ֵһǣ֮ǰյĿռƣԭյ߷ڳϫںʥĹУδκӰ졣
ս⣬ϫдڲս׶Σ򶼲ǣԲӰ쵽ʥĿ١
һֻеʱܽռơսȫںˡ
¡¡
һһĵڳϫһɹɳʢϲӳǿգҫƥ
ɫ¡γ飬εС
̺컯ࡢֺÿһֶ߱Żصơ
ѰʥɣܹһֶƵĪˣϫ֣ҽںΪ˲ƣ
Ҫⲻķ֮ʥУ֪̻кεȼˡ
ϫѾе⣬ĪԵƶһһںϣֻ»ͷˡ
һ£൱ǳеʱ䡣
ʱУϫںϲƣȥ˺ЩԱһһ۵ֵһǣҶơѾ뵽˳֮С
һԺѧУٲȻѾΪһһĴڣҫ˫֮ߣ֮ȼߡ
ڴڼ䣬ϫҲԼҪ˼Ϣ˰㣬иԼʱտһס׿Сһ¡
ԭǳҪͳϫһ𷵻˼ģֲϫЭˣϫҲû취ɲȥ˼ɽˮģȫǴ㵥ж
Ϊϳ˺ƤԵʣϫҲòӽȥһС
Ϊ˲ע⣬ϢҲֻ˰㣬˸Ͳ֪ڲ֮㷵˼硣
һº
յãѾʱĳϫƾһ뵽һؾС

ͬʱɽ缫֮أһƬߵ֮ϣһضͨͨͷһƬء
Ƭطʮ죬ÿһ죬һ磬εΪ׳ۣٲȻͬɽ֮һ档
ߵͳ֮һ̫Ͻ֮̾ء̫Ͼ
̫Ͼʮ죬ÿһ춼һ̫Ͻ̳ʮ֮ϣ̫Ͻ޵֮أϡ
¡¡¡¡
̫ϾһߴɵɽϣϥһӰ뷢һѪĵۣߣֱٻ񷣡
ˣȻ̫ŲϺᣬѪλ̫Ͻ洫ͽڶλ͢
˿̵ϢʳҰĻ𽬣ɽ嶼УԶԶһһɽ籡Ϊˡ
ʦ֣ѾȷгϫԵѧԺڸǣ೤Ҳ޷ݳϢ
ǷֲɽеĽͽõϢУȴжϣӱȻɽĪϵϲֹӵŵ֮СͼƬ֮޷ڵ
ֵһǣƺϳ׾ѣ֮ĶԹڲ̽УʦҪԸӣԴ֡
˼ҶԴ˲δ´κּ⣬һлҪʦᡣ
һöλ̫Ͻ洫ӵλĽЦƮȻؾ޷Լò浾˵ʱһ˿Ц⣬ʼΪء
֮ͼƬɽ
͵أ͢ȻĿڣͷų˵Ļ磬ռ䶼˺ѳһɲѷ졣


1411 ط˼
ɽ񷡣
͢ȻüѴһĨɱ֮
ڷ֮ƻҵжǲֹ֮ʧۣ֮ǲһɥУʵɱ
Įɱ羪װ֮伤ǡ
ԣһԽЦˮҲǷһĨʹ֮ɫڷ֮еһĻĻ
Һã
ĬƬ̣͢һһĨ󣬡ʦãղŽҴֶԸӣĪʲô˵
ЦͷɱϵĳӣѾ׺ϾѣʦǷ񻹼ǵãһμǼ£̫ϽҲУ
͢һ˵Ǹޣ
ϼһﵱ걾Ͷ̫Ͻ̣ȴһϼҲ֪ˣΪͷһμ̳ѩλ֮ϡѺβ
Цڣ˵һξû֧֣ϼ壬޷ƿˡ
˵⣬һЦĪǵµһöӣΪľгһգܹΪãϾϺôҲϹߴ֮һ
˸°˼ɽߴѧԺϹߴңԶ̫ϽһֱŬ£ĶߴѧԺͶ̫Ͻ̣ϹߴȴƺֻнȫͶǣҵ̬ȽԶô˵ƺҲѱ˼Ҷˣ
Цü䷺һĨƳ֮ɫ˼֮˫˳ﲼֶ֮θǹڸ£ôȥƾ˼ҵֻͣѽɽÿһˣֻҵȲ֪ˡ
͢˵ͷΪȻ̫ϽͣͬƳ֮κεΥ֮ġ
У̫ϽٲȻͬܣƺûʲôܹѵġ
ȻˣʦȥϵϣŻԳϫӶ֣Ҫʱ򣬻ΪԷṩһЩ
͢ãʦҪסʱ򻹲̫Ͻȫ渴ʱ̣ǱҪ飬ͽЩͽȥԼʲô鷳
ʦַġ
Ц˵ͷȻɽ̫ϽΪУһԼй¶ɱ̫Σա
ȥɡ
͢˻֣ĿͽЦ뿪֮뵽˳˼С
֮ͼƬɽʵͨͨӵôϻԵĪǻ״ӣɽ״ӣ
˼ã͢ͻȻڣ̵ּͽ죬
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κ
һݹƾո֣ӳֳһӰɽ֮۵͢񣺡̵ͽ죬ݼʦ
㣬ԣǱ죡
ǵãʱ̸;ŻɵоԹ֪Ƿ֪ϫӣ
ֱ͢ӿʵ
ϫ
֣һĵ׷һĨԹƵӿ֣ɫЩ
һʦӵĳǳϫ
Ŷ͢һĨ֮ɫȤ˵˵оԵɡ
£ҲһһʮѺͳϫ֮ĶԹгͺޱĽµ飬Ҳһһϸ˵
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һ£͢ãô˵ǴŻзɽģ
æͷˡ
һҪȥ죬ɣ㷵ؽ֮ʱӦ̵ͽУԸ⣿
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Ǻݺһϲ֮ɫԱԥԸ⣡
Դ̫Ͻ̣һֱ䵱̵ͽᣬᣬܾܾˡ
͢˵ͷһöƣǰͥȥݼ޿ɵۣȡһɽگȻ½緵򡣡
˵ţóһ򣬵ݸ죺ҪС
½磿
ѵҪҶԸǾŻɣ
һɻжȴæӹһöƺ򣬹ʦģӱ֤񣡡
ֵ͢ȥɣСһЩĪҪй¶ݡ

ѧԺһؾС
һգӳճ㣬˸ǿеǹ㣬ԣȻĿ
з˼磬ʵᱻӡųңʱҪСһЩҪһЩ̫ǿɱͷţֻ֮ɱ
շɿϫŷ˼һЩƣ⣬Ҫɽ磬ֻ貼´󣬱ԴͨŻ
˵ţһöݸϫ
ϫæӹȻ壬ʵǰҪһЩ˼ʿɽ磬ǷУ
Ƴ˳ϫһۣѲµôһ˼߽ɽ磬ͬᱻɽĨɱԣһƺʲô⡣
ϫһЩס
ûǴսʱʶôһ䡣
ϫʱȻͷлǰָ㡣
ЦЦָһһɬָӡеһϡ
ˣ
һ֣һͨչ
ȥء
һ䡣
ϫһ˵ͷٳɣ̤һͨɲǼ䣬תƣӰܣϫʧ
һͨҲǴ١
ˣճ˼ãϥأǰ

ءء
ϫоԼɳ³УʲôҲʲôҲ֪Уȴܸ֪Լһ㱻ӡ
Թȥֿȴ޷ַֹӡĲ٣֤ڴɽͨ˼·;ϡ

Ͻ
̳ǣ
һϤĻƵӿԺϫҲƵӿһĨڴܵǻ
褶ͰСһʲôˣ
خǰأ
Ϫءľϸ硢ܡ̡Ƿڣ
һϤӣۻƵĳУһһεļȪˮʶóϫаٸн㱲ѡ
ʱۣҴѹȥôꡣ
꣬ѳɳΪɽΪҫ۵һǣЩˣǷ
ˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫֻһ𣬹ЮԼһͻأʧԼͨһ׹뵽˺ˮС

һڶϴ͸һɾŭ֮ɫ׾˳ϫ۾ͿһλεĽͷԼն
һ湻İ


1412 
ǴƳǵһɢޣ근ˣޢ껪
ԭж㣬еĴˣԼԼʲôҲƯֹۣԼһɢޣԵǼá
ֹ۵ŮܹҪһЩġ
ɽ죬ȴԼЩùòѰٵһ̺ŻȪԡһȴԼѣԼӨ̽Ȫʱȴһļһһƻˣ
һƬĽҰ룬տˣ뵽ᷢ飬һ飬Ѷ˲ôһץͽԼ彣Уݺһ˹ȥ
һ粻֣ƫƫʱ֣Ǹ̬רԼϴԡˣ
ǻһĿνǺֱ޲ýͷɫһˡ
Ȼ󡪡
Ϊɫǵĳϫ۾һĨ⣬ʶָ̽һ
أ
Ǳӵ׼ƷܵĽֽһ㣬飬촷ۣ峺ȪˮС
һֻһͶϵͨһ׹ȪУһʹ
տľϿȣ峺ðȪˮһŮ¶ӨԡһĻԭãĿ
ڣųϫһ֮տϿȲľŮŭʹĽȪˮƽͨͨˮˣŮǽԵΪǱҡ
óϫһĿһɨȪһѣԼȪʹŮĴ

Լ˼ĵһȻ׹˼ŮϴȪУ
ֲŮһԼкԼֽ˼ķʽȷЩðʧˡ
һͨЩϫвЩΣæǰҪԷȳ㡭û°ɣ
ҾҲҵҴˮ̽һԴвѣϾǷŭ
ֵһȴΪ۶ϣʹ£ˣûɾ裬ɫǡʵԱǿĻκһ˿Ĵ⡣
ټǻĽҰ룬̣Էǿ˵ԼҪˡ
Խ룬ԽǷŭԽԽңǸСģֱóϫһЦá
ˣ
ϫһ̾ӰһһశߣƮȻȥȴ·ɣģҶûκȤ
գһ׵㣬ϥء
ŲϵգؼϡޱȵϫȷţԼȷǽ˼ˡ
ǹͥСˡ
ϫ˼֮ǰ˽⣬ԼĹСͥСС
ʼϸֵȷһˣܵǲ֮ϵ֮ƣ֧һ㣬ڲ֮ϡ
ͬʱؼΪ˥һƬѰٲһ˿֮ؼ֮ҲΪϫԼһָͷܽƬظٵˡ
Ȼ˼һкɽȷһ
ϫؼϡˣҲˣΪԼӵг̫ʶŻָо
ͬʱϫʼӵеԼʥɾΪӡ˾ųңҽֻܶô޷ʩչơʥ֮ʶܵƣֻܸ֪ʮﷶΧڵ龰
ãսս־ڣ˼ɾڣôĿ϶ǶԷ
ϫ˼ãһ˼֮Լһͷͻһֻèһ
ֻһָоָоԱ˼еߣЩΪߵͣҲûʲô𣬺
ⲢǿţҪ֪ϫɽ֮Уɶʥɾ۷壬˼类ӡ˾ųӵеʵɷ˼󼰡
ţ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣͻȻ֣ǱԼŵŮ˿Ѵ룬ȴһ̳һˣ
СѾͷԼͦ
ϫӣջ׷ȥû취ղŻ˼һ˼ʾһ£վЩⲻȥ

ɶʵǿɶ͵˱ϴ裬Ȼ˵ԱûȤ쵰ȱΪǿǰͷɫǿϡòɣ
һ߷ɳۣһݺͷɫǣĹϾշŭ֮ɫ
ৣ
һӰƾճǰһͷڶԷС
㣡Ҫʲô㲻ǶҲȤ𣡣һżвѡ
ϫʼ磺˵һжᣬ𣿡
᣿ޣɫǲŹ֣۾ݺһڣŤͷܣʹ˳̵
ϧ৵һ£ϫǰһΣϫٷϻֱӵֵݹ
һĿųϫеɫİɣҶҲӣ
Ŷԭж㣿
ϫȴЦˣͻȻСɰģβٿڣ̧־ץסԷ󣬶ΪԷӹǡ
ɶȴˣԼ⧲֮־ͱɫץУʱŵһƾͳϫճȥ
ͬʱҽ̧𣬺ݺϫ塣
ϧһƺһžһУûһ˿ھϫһ֮ؾͱ
ˣһͷɫǵʵҪԶԶһʱ֮б߽ӣ͵ش޳쵰쵰
ڴʱϫɿ󣬿ſ޵СèƵĶ㣬ûϽһԣǲǺˡ
øƨ
ŴȻֹ˼۾Լת֣Ȼĺˣ
һӣֹסһۣԾųϫ˵ⶼ᣿
ϫεȻᣬĸɫôĸƣ
ƲƲӣߵǿɲãЩɫǾϲܹݣ
СӣǾʮ㰡ϫ̾Ϣһøʲôתߡ
ҪߣȴˣеιɫҵıҪһ֮ǿ˺üʯµ䱦㡭Ȼٵˡ
˵СһʯڵѴһĨ⣬Щˡ
һιóϫû˰㣬ŤŶǸòĶޢƵŮ۷ʵģвһ̾ϢҲԣҲһõķɺã
˵ţҪóһЩɱԷͽסˣԼϿɶûʺŮʹõķ
ԭϣɫܺĲһһ⸱ģʱˣСһͼ˵ίѹʵ㲻Ǵɫǣ㻹ǸƭӣҺ㣬ˡ


1413 Ӱ
ɫǣƭӣ
ϫΣƳһܣȻ̽һץ
ǸһƬɽ룬ɽ֣Ӻ䣬ųϫһ̽һɽ¡һ͵ذεض

һִһƥɽ֮µĵɳϫƿס
ϫ̽һĨһִʼȼաۻջ˾ޱȵҺϤװ뵽һƿУ֮ࡣ
ЩҺ㹻˰ɣ
ϫƿ˹ȥ
翴ˣʯɫ価𺳣оԼղһУһ
Ҫֻ֪ǻͥΪѣɽΪľֶΣ
һжѳ֪ڴ˿ͷԵСɵƵģԡ
ϽŰɡ
ϫЦؿ˶Էһۣƿ˶ԷС
žѣһƿҺвɵһԹԣôҺʮ׼Ʒɽˣ
̲ס̧ͷųϫڰʵ㡭㡭㾿˭
㲻ǽҴɫŶдƭӡ
ϫ٩˶Էһ䡣
ǰ𪾫µСʱǺһƬͷ˲С˹ǰɱϷŪˡ
ǰ
ϷŪ
ϫȻˣҪ뿪ˣɷ֪ʲôط
ʱҲ޲ˣܹɵشƳķɽ

ϫƺλڴıߣ֮ԼĪ֮ء
ĳϫԣȻʲô
ǰҪǰεأҸ·ɣ
˳ëԼһؿųϫһĨڴ
һƿҺ㣿
ϫˣ̲סֵ٩˶Էһ䡣
ȴˣ󷽷ҿɲΪ㻶ģֻǼƺİĿ·ѡ
ϫЦˣ˼ԼֶΣŵðɣСѾͷȴһģֹ̬ɵη֮ɫԵΪڲͬ
ɫһݣü˵ƳǷھݴǧ֮ĵط
һ㼴ͷǰǰҪȥƳǣҴСﳤ󣬶Ϥˡ
ԣϫüͷȴнǲЩ̫ƽ
̫ƽ
ʲô͵ʧòЩɣ
ϫкһȻˣ
֮ǰʶһɨ˲˷Բʮ֮أȻ̽˵Ƴǣ˿ΪһƬ棬вʱܹӰ
ھ֮غɽսɱЩ壬϶ԣЩƳڵ壬ʵԶޱȣȫ޷ɽʱס
Ҳǣ˼еһС磬ܹ壬ʵҲˡ
ճϫ֪ʵһͭƽ𼶡Ͼ༶
Щδºʿϸͥ𵤡ڤɡɾһһӦ
ʱƳеӰʵ඼ڰҲ൱ڽ𵤾ʿֻȼ൱Ļƽǿߴڡ
ԳϫԸͲģ˼һССУȴԻٵһǳˣ
Ҫ֪Ͻ̳ǿߣҲŲͥѣ
ȻʼСŰˡ
ϫһ̾ʱĴŰĳϾһ磬Ӱັ
ȻСжӰɾЩˡ
ϫɣһǲǶԤʾţһ綯ѾʼӲˡ
һ뵽⣬ֱʶ㣺Ǵʲôʱֵģ
һٶǰɣҲҴӸճʱЩѾʼڴڵɱˡ
ἰ壬ϷһĨ޷εĳޣŭҵĸĸȫУЩһֱʮ⣡ұһλ˴һӵƳǣҲѱɱˡ
˵󣬶ߵû
ϫʾοʵ֪ж٣
ͬ˵ơࡢ󺺡߸н綼ѱ幥ݣ֮Ȯ֪˶ˡ
һдһ˿֮ɫȥò˶ãǴֻҲҪˡ
ϫҲ̾˿û뵽Լ뿪Щ꣬Ȼᷢô飬оһʵǴأ
ʲô۾һĪҲҪȥͶ𣿡
ϫȻʲô˼
Ҳ֪кǹ죬ʵôôе֪
ѵû˵ֻдںĿһֱڲ֮أסʵ
ûУ˵ϫҡͷ
ʵҲǶֻ˵Ϊ˻ȥ˴˵ǴУҲ޿κΡ
ɿԼ֪һ˵ˣӦҲ˵褺ͳ°ְɣǴɱ˲֪Ľ죬Ϊ򣬴һֱڲ֮ء
ἰ褺ͳ°λ۾һˣһ˿Ľ˵ʱȻûע⵽ԳϫɫЩ
˵ǳ褺ͳ°λǰɶǴнٵĴ컯֮ԭʹȥģܰλУǾٺòˣ
˵գɫѲƵشһĨ㽡
һСе֪һУϫҲǻ㱲ѣ褺ͳ°Сһѳɳȵزˣ
ô褺ͳ°λǰǲǺн綼ڴǵ˵ǻֵأϵĲˡ
ϫһȻģΪ褺ͳ°㣬סοһ䣬ҲȲó褺ͳ°λǰʶУûһܱˡ
ϫȻͷôһ˵Ǻȷӡ
ʲôк񣿡
㲻ɨ˳ϫһۣһЦᣬǲҲܼǣ
ʣϫЦһἵԼĶӺֶ
ҡҡͷֱӵҪˣˣ˸˵ƳѾˣȰ㻹ǲҪȥˡ
ʲôȻһϢһֲŵ㡭ɱƭ˰
УѴһĨȻͻֵ̿ζ
Ҵȥˡ
һ뵽ԷһͥСòлֽҪʧȥ֮أϫҲ̽һ˶²ܡ
˵ʱһӣŶԷʩչ˲֮˲Ϣʧԭء


1414 ˻
ϱڲԫʬҰ
ټһǣһƬ棬Ŀ꣬ɼ֫ۡѪʬأһŨѪȺɷ
գĺɫѪƽһɱ׳⡣
Ƴǣ
Ŀȫǣ
һĻ˶ͫţ˫ֽ߬һ궼Ƴϡ
ôҲŸ뿪һʱ䰡ôᡭ
ڣʣһĪ룬᲻ܿƵػ䣬ֱʧȥڵأ
ϫĿעһУȴͻȻЩڣôĿһĻġ
ţȻδ
ˣȥɱС
죡
ӽͲ׼ˣ
ڴʱһӵĴԶƳ쳹һӰƿն
ЩӰ޲ι״еഥ֣еһۼףеֻͫеĸǳֳǣȻЩĳԱ
ЩԼĪʮֳϫͶ󣬽ԶһɱѪ֮ɫȿֺɱ
ĿȻֹ͵Ǳ˵ɫѾһĨȡæץסϫ䣬ǰǰǸϽӣһʧģ
ӣˣСģĲȱúŪһɱҲ٣
һоɣѩ׼̵ǿƿն
һѪɫ޴δǾ޴ƿɱХЮһŨŨѪɫɷ⣬Ǻˡ
ڳϫУһ͸һϰ㣬צ֮
Ҳδֻ̧ͷ˶ԷһۣȻ󡪡
屩ӰͻȻͣڰգһԶԶһһֻڱеĳƵģأԱЦݣԵ˵Ĺ졣
ԭԾ֣ɵһĻһô£
Ͼ׳գô֣
һӺ߸ˣ˶ԷһѣһǱϾšͻȻըѪƬ׹ء
һѪɫ󴸣ĩɢ
һУɲǼ䷢ԱʱǡÿĿĵһĻԶͫһо
ô
һĻ̫죬ҲеһĪ֣жҲóٻհĿ˳ϫϣɲѵɵģ
ϾǱɱģ
һֻͫ׳ŵӣȡ
ϧϫ˿̸úͶԷϻһӣͳ߰ɡ
ߣ
Ȼͫһ
ΪϫӶһۣʮֽһ㣬֧飬ĩ紵ߣɢ٣
һĻöͷƤһ飬ǿʮ壬Ȼһգۼͻĩʧˣ
ζţλǰΪѴﵽһַ˼ĸ߶ȣЩǰҲҲûʲô
һ𺳣λǰ˭ȸˣΪλн״Ҳ˽⣿
һڶУϫٲȻѾΪصĴڣ¶͸һɲζ
ϣ
ڴˣϫȴδʲôף룬ջִ̽һץסһֽ̧档
ȻʹŶת뿪

ţأ
Ͼأ
ڳϫ뿪ûãһХɫԶһ˿ɻ󣬴ģǵһͬȻʧˣδ̫Ź֡
ţƺЩѰ
һ巢˳ϫµǱǰһ̧־ͽγ
ϣ
һԽֱʮأ˷ƣ
һɫ䣬ֲ
¡¡
ǷӦһɿֲĽȻɢɨ쫷磬Щ嶼Һ˾ͱĨɱһգ
Ȼһɿֲһ־ޱȵٶɢ˲ϢӹѻƳǡ
ƳԭפӣһɲǣǾˮ㣬ԶһĨĨɱƬײʬ޴棡
һĨɢʱƳǳ׼žֻʵķںХھָղŷľһĻ

ৣ
ؼ䣬һ˸ƾŲơ
ϧ˼Ŀռ̫ҵ˲ٶȣһֻͣ»һƬƬռѷ죬ڴ˵һѡ
һ˲ƣϫһ̾
Ǹɽ磬֮Ҳ̶Ƭʱѣ˼УȴҪķյ蹦
Ⲣļޣ֮ļޣһԽϫû£ؼᷢ䣬ռѷ죬ˡ
û°ɣ
ϫŤͷȴһһɵģ
ûû
æҡͷָѣ°СӿһĨηĽ֮ɫ˲ưǰһλ棿
ȳϫشԹԼֲˣͽôôȻһЩȴǺܿ̿ġ
˵ţһϣųϫ
ϫȻðβ˵ֻ̫࣬û취Ϊͽˡ
͵Ǿܾˣеϣ֮ɫ𽥰ðβЦ˵ǰǸղЩͻˡ
˵գ뵽˳Ĭ
׸ĸ˫룬ܹ֮һ˳ɳ񣬿޷Ǽǿֹ۵̬ȡ
ΪţȻţô϶ᶪܵģһֱΪԼ
ȻʱһЩۡ
ȵִһһλʦģ֤֪ĳ褺ͳ°ˡ
ϴϫ͸һɸοĵöһӿһĨ޷ůһЦţлǰ
Ůġǿֹ۵ЦݣϫҲЦˣԼս˼磬СѾͷγһԵ֣
Ѵ⣬뿪˼֮ǰҪСѾͷúˡ
̸֮ʣԶشһ캰ɱ
ϫٿȻ㣬磬ɨӶȥ
һƬƽԭԶһۻǳأʱǳǳǰƽԭϣڷһģƴս
糱ˮǵƵĳһۻǳسɱɷѪ⼤䣬ƺޱȡ
ЩĶ֣һߣפڳǳ֮ϣƴɱֱɱ޹⣬ذսԵüΪҡ
ϫϸȥǳǳԶܲŴ󷨣ټЩʵҲһԶף⣬һսᱻóˡ
ԭλڴ߾ǡڵˡ
ϫʶٿȻɢǷԲʮ֮أЩޱȵĸѼһЩԼõϢ
һ̣ӰһʹŶ㳯Զսɳ۶ȥ
ǰҪɱУ۾Ծ
ˣ¾ͱ۾ģܿͽˡϫǷһĨЦ⣬ԶսȴһƬ


1415 է
˵֮䣬ϫ͵һչ˵Ϣ䣬ӿһɱϵϣʥ˻ġ
սɱϢʬɽѪһ㣬սң֪ɱ˶ǿȻȻϡ
ɲ֮䣬һˡ
һԵĶ۾粻ʶϫ㣬һƬ
¡
ϫӿ̫ǿʢƥɱֱ֮ʮƣԲʮ֮صĿռ䶼˲ڰһλ߸׳Ƴ
һ̤նȥͷųȥ˼䣬ب֮ĵŤ仯仯
֮ⷽԲʮ֮أѱȫûһܹӳȥ
⻹ǳϫӡ˾ųɣǻȫʢʱڣ˵һǣҲ˵ǷͥС磬ܲһ֮
ˣϫӵе˼޼ɣȺס
ɲ֮䣬ԶսеĺɱȻֹ
ЩפڳǳϵߣһܵһɿֲѹвӿһĨɫ䡣
˭
һ
䱸ȫ䱸
ſĿɲɱѹ֮ǳǧдһŭ
԰꣡ñԸС
৵һղһǿƾɱ
ͷ̷ӰӴüǶһһ֣ǧΡ룬ȻһλǿߣҲ൱ڵĴڣ
ͳ죡˳ˣ
Щжʱһ컶ɫ˶λͳƳ硣
ǳǳϵһɫһ䣬ǿû뵽оȻһλ༶ڣȲεǿߣͥСУѾλ۷壬߳˷ˣ
ϧǣ˳ϫ
ৣ
λͳ죬ϫδͣ٣δԷһۡһһ赭дĽָնȥ
ۣ
һɲǣʱͣͣһںȻĿע£λ˻δϫر룬ǣлأɱڵشС

ɫѪбȾգ쳣
һĻȴڳ˽Զһ͵شһ𺳴͵״̬ѹ
ˣ
λ༶ڣԷһûܿ£ͱնΪ룬ѪȾգ
һĻ̫죬Ŀãֻ˭޷ˡ
ˣ
ͳ죡
ô
ɱɱǣ
أը˹һƬ˻֮糱ˮȫϫɱ
ˣϫ֣Ӱһչɱȥ
һ̵ӿһo֮һƬƬ˱ĨɱѪɽҺ졣
ǵ龰ǳ̸ָ֮Ц֮䣬ֻҷ
ԶԶȥ糱оУϫһݺᣬ羪絴˻ģ£ҫϣͻͲֱӡ
ȿֲɱ֮£ǳǧһƲ㣬˺ķѣʬɽѪء
龰̫𺳣ԶǳһԣţĿһ񼣡
ɱ
һɱ
λ忡ˣֱ
˶ɫһƬ
ڵһսʱǷŴһѹٴ̧ȥʱǳĹƽԭϣûһӰ
ǲƵʬ塢ʵѪ۵İ׹ǡأŻѪ֮ؼ䣬ɲս̡
ˣȫ
ټսУֻһεӰ㣬ǹ磬ŨܳѪĺɫзġ
ռžޱȣѻȸ
ÿһϫĿжһĨľηͳĽû˸ҿڣ־ŵׯķΧ
һŭʬ
ǰλǰǵȴ׵ɲΪĶΪƬ̼䣬ͽеȫɱͨ죬Ʒ꣡
һ˭Ҳ羴
ڴˣϫȴһҡͷʥɾ磬ɲϰ߱ô˿š
ȫƣֳָֻȻУԶĶ֣һǡ
㰡һӴ״̬оѣԴղһĻĻ𾪵һƬϫʶ˳ϫߡ
ŮüأԲɫϫʼ磬ǣŶԷС֣һ߳ߣһ˵˵ۣƫŵ˰ɣ
ΨΨŵŵҿСֱϫǣţŶԷƼ¶ȣеľûɵ˴룬Ҳǽƽ̤ʵ
߽ţһ·Ͼ˸û˸ͻڣֱϫͶӰҪʧڳʱһ
㡭ǡϫ
ԥ͸һ˿
ɵϫŴԣȴһ𣬻ȻŤͿЩȺУһӢԼĿдһĨɺš
ľ֣
ϫԽԽöԷģϤסҲ̽һ
ϫĳƺӢһӿһĨ֮ɫе㡭Ȼǳϫ
ϫҲӿһĨ㱣ԷȻǶľ
̳ʱƾϪĹϵʶԨǵĶľأһɽֱǵĹϵҲǱޱȣΪ޻˵ѡ
ֻǡѾ̫ûˣ
ӳϫ뿪֮ͶϵէȻطУ֪кεȼ
ľ棬λǰ˭
ϫĸϫòλϽ̳߳Ĵɣô˵λѴϼǰɽңˣ
죬ľһȻϵλǰʲôʱľܹύȲεĸˣ
ϫͶľϣ߽ԶһȻŶľȻܹǰλǰʶˡ
ľ֣ѡһعϺúģ
ˣϫæ񣬸ľ˸кҲ֪ﲻʺ̸ͳϫһ뿪ԭء

ǣһ¥С
ϫͶľһƣһ죬ɵһ赹ˮ
ط꣬Ȼ˵Ļ
տʼľЩнȶ˾֮ͷſˣпѣЩ귢ڴһһ˵ϫ
Ȼ̳ǳϵı仯ϪԼһЩ˹¡
ϫţ֮䣬ֻص˹£ҲǸпѣ´ҴҶ˭뵽ЩˡЩѷô仯
ʱıĲֹ˺б˴˵˹켣
ˣ㲻ѷɽ磬˴ôͻȻ½緵شľͻȻʵóϫӻѹ
ž
ԣһԶһеĲ豭Ȼأˤ÷飬ɽ磿ǰλϫǰȻһλˣ


1416 һ·
һ磬
ϫŶ·ƮȻ뿪ǡ
Щ֣ùͥСеֱһ
Ҳܣʱʱ̶̿˷Ǳ߾ǳУ춼ս
ΪˣнԶһɵͳԦԿԡ
ľǶľϼӵŵɾΪܵǲǣ߶Կ壬ʱڸ޷
ҲΪԭûͬϫһ𷵻Ͻ
ǰϫһЩԶľдʯɵţ˴η˼ʱ䲻ܾˣԺҲ֪£ΪѣϫҲֻܾܣһЩȥһ¶Էˡ

ৣ
һڲ˸ٳϷŲƶȥ
յʱ䣬ϫѵִϽٶȻŻŲơ
ΪϽĹ磡
ϤɽϫҲǻ㱲ѣ´ҴҶһٹǰٸн
һԵĶˣȴδʲôпֻǺشһС
ʱѾ֪ǰλǰǰµλһһˡ
йص¼ڹͥСţԵһ̫ͨսʮ֮һľŻΪӣ𻯷ɽ硭
СҲڲ˵ŹЩ񻰰¼֪ڹͥСĳ°ͳλǰǳϫǰĶӺֶ
ɶ㻹û뵽ǰ˾ȻǸϫǸ紫ͨ
𺳣ţһ뵽Լ֮ǰԷɫǺƭӣоޱȣ̡
֪ҲгϨ˰ݳϫΪʦͷû취˴˲̫⣬ԷһλˣһͥСʿΪͽ
ɽ뿪Ͻǰݲμӽشᣬ;˵ء
ϫȻָԶһɽп˵ɽһΪϼĺǰһͷڴõϼٷʱϼȾգɷԺӱ㱻ǳϼӣ˵񡣡
ӳ˼оѣƳۿ˿Գϫ֪ڸпҪԼȥϣ㾲ţɵĽ
ѩƳǣӴʮϽԨǣҵԨƽɵγϣ񡭡ƽɵֻû˼ǵ˰ɣ
㿴嫺ǡ
һ·ϣϫ٩٩̸ÿһǡһɽһӣһЩ¼
쾲ţо񻰹»ȤԣΪǳϫĳɳӡһλʱ۾ɵ׿˵ȻҪȹ¸
̳ǡ
ͻȻϫ㣬ĿԶɫһĨȻ
ʱֵҶƮƮľ֮ʱֳһƬȾ
Զһǳؾ̾ɽǰׯࡢΡ룬ֳŨŨϢȵʱڲ壬ַǷԶԶ
ڻˡ
ϫૣһ·ԭпһ̾þס񵭡

̳ϣٲȻΪϽĵһ壬˶ʢƣʢޱȡ
껣Ժ͵ʲȨ죡
Ϊһ֮̾أ̳ϽһСǳҲΪн֪޵ʥأ¡
ԭʵܼ򵥣̳ӵ̫ͨĴ껡ӳ褡ֶ°䣬޲н۷ڡ
֮⣬еͬǳõĴϺ̳ϽõǾ͸ǲʤöǱ齻£֮ȼߣ
̳֮ܶϣѽȣ
ৣ
̳ǷĽֵϣһӰƾⲽÿһͬ˲ư㣬ýֵϵ˺߸͸֪ڡ
һӰǳϫûã˳ϸۡǰ
ǰȣĳϸۡ˺ֹʮȥһֺ뽨۴αȣһͷ
ĬĬפãûоκˣⲽ˽ȥ
ϸۡܲһ󷨽ƣɱκεɾڣȷڹͥСȵطԿǴֱʡ
һжԳϫԣȴͬ裬һգ·ϼŮʹӣҲĳϵӡϧЩ׶İϵá
ۡһɬǿϢ̾ᣬǳеĴϫȴûоŶԷֱۡȥ
Ƭ̺һžɵĽǰ
ྲֻʹɨǰķҶûãʹӾʹɨϣתС뿪
ǳã
ȥϸۡˣдҲİǰɺ͵һӡׯ࣬ûκα仯
ϫһһ̤С
пףλܵȼ㲻һƬƬĹߣÿһλ
ϫĿһһЩλɨһλϣϱ׭ų֡
ϫǰأԺֳ֡
ϫүүõĶС껣үүԲ㰡
㲻Ͱүүչ˺С껣Ϊǳ¼ҵϣ
㡭үүƫİɣ
סúûţ

֮䣬Ժٴλصүүһ̾Ϣƻصʱ
ʱԼĬľګЦ˼ЦΪɨǡ̱£Ϊֹүүѹ˲֪ҹ
һжȥˣûٸҽԼɨǣԼΪʥɣҪǣöãԼͿΪȥĳ˸ˣ
үүţǸöá
֮󣬳ϫվųλãнסһ̾
ţ
üͷһת߳ã̧۾ͿһԼĪСкһ·Сܹһƨɾϥǰ
Скüۼ信㣬һȪϴӹǳ㣬ϥڵϣСϾׯ֮ɫ
ڳϫУȴоСһ˵Ŀɰ̲סǰʵСһʲô֣Ϊʲô
СкһԾ۾͵ųϫ˭ôû㣿ʵҵĲ㣡
СһһغǳԼϫݸ̧СһСȻˣ͸˭Ĳĵҡ
ǰİһСкŭд˵Ů˵֣ģ
ϫһ㻳ԼˣСһôȴòƶĲٰ
һСһ˵˵ҿɰץˣ
Ск˫۱أűӣмҳ±شɷ򣬲Ųأе
ϫͻȻЦСһʵ̫Ȥˣ±Ҳ֪˭ĺӡ


1417 ݱ
ϫЦĳ±оԼܵƣ̧Сȭͷͳϫȥ

һȭһƾ硣
ϫЦеģһץס±СȭͷСһﱧ˻УžһСƨһ£ЦСӣǣ
ŹңȻҴƨɣ֪Ƕ֣±۴Уڳϫҵȡ
ôϫЦʵ
ߣǵȻҵÿҪңֻҪһۣŵһǸἰף±СһԵã۾Цˣһ
Сһɫһ䣺ãܿܿˣ
ϫһŤͷȥͿһԼĪ󣬴һɫ黨ȹѵСŮԶ˹
СŮһ۾͸ӣǣüīӨʤѩüۼӯһĨ˵֮ɷƯӻ߳СƵġ
±ôܡ
СŮϫɫ񾲴ݣͰһǳ˳±öҲͬ񾲡
ԶԶȥСŮֹ浾һĨչƵģ񾲴ݵʣóϫҲȻԼеЩϤζ
˭˭ܣ
СŮ±èƲֹЩ㣬˵ţ͵ҪϫĻ
ſңˣ֣±޷ѣ֮Сͨ죬
ȸ˭ϫЦڡ

±ĴУҲ˲ʲôϲϣСŮȣܿܿ㣬ϽңҸղſ⻵ۼУ
СŮٿȻ䣬ŸоⱧŵܵܵļһﲢǳˣû취ĳʵ̫࣬ʹӻ֮һСŮܼǵסôˡ
ԭΪϫǳ±һɵһȻҽԼʱһĨ裬ųϫ˭
ϣ
˵ţѳһ̽νʽ䣬Բ죬Ծǧ
ǡ
ϫſ죬ҰһĨ۽â
СŮ֣һĨâƾն֣ҫƥһɱµĵ
ֻһͨĵزˡϫһޣţӰһͱܿһ
أ
汻һĨиһ׵ѷ죬ж㣬Ϊˡ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲ㿴ˣһŮӣ˿٣¶һؾݣüīӣ筣һϮȹѽӳĵˡ

Ůӳ֣±ʱг
ԭŮ˾СһװϫȻ
˭ôҳһ壬Ҷע˵أŮ˪䶢ųϫüһĨء
忡˿϶ǳˣȻܹϢرܿؽƣִ֮ǰʵȻСˡ
Ϊǣĺ˶Է֣֮ҲͶΨֶԷһգ˵ˡ
ĸҲãûסڡСƵСŮͷЩǸȻ
ܿܿĪҪ˵Ͻ㲮ĸ
Ůæ̧֣СŮԼȻһųϫ
ϫЦԼȻˣ˻һȴԭǳ±һҧϡ
˵СһСһһѩСݺݺҧסҲסеһ˿΢ۡ
ȻʹԳϫԸ͸ҲûʲôֻЩ죬Сһﻹеǰ
㲻Ҫ
ϫԼҧüͷһ壬ʱŵŮһæֻҪŹҶҪʲôͳͳӦ
ϫ̾һεܲ˵һ䣿˵ţȰѳ±ŵϣԱʾԼ޶⡣
±Ҳ飬һؾһܵŮߣŤͷϫǸ󻵵ղƨɣϽʰˣղŻۼ϶ûɺ£
ŮӼԷŹӣһɫҲûͣɵ±һ仰ʱɫȻñޱȡ

ǳһĵĽأ
۶ԷΪʲôǾ޷̵ģ
ৣ
£Ůȫûκγɣֳɽƾٴαɱ
ϫ̾һԼһݾô
ҪܣԶһȣãס֣
羪ףأһ۾Ӱƾն֣֮ǰŮӵĹס
һΪü㣬Ȼ֮꣬ǰϫʶ͸֪˶Էϳ˶ԷݣɵۿԷԼǰʱɲһпСԽԽˡ
꣬Ȼǵܵܳ껵Ķӳ褣Ҳϫֶ
褸磬Ϊңһոô
Ůӷŭصɴһۡ
ʱﻹ˵һ֣ͰĿ˳ϫȻҲǸһĨܡϲ֮ɫɤһ󷢶£˵
褶ôʶˣ
ϫЦŶԷ
ŮһԼӣôԼļһȻԼΪ褶Գƴ󲮣
󲮣㣿
褼Ǻ죬͵ؾͱסϫˣȻˣ죬Ҳ㶼ΪԼۻˣ
ޱȵɷȻ¶ģŮӳ״ͣ褸󲮣Ǿǡ
ɲǼ䣬Ժиֳһ֣ϫ
Ȼйسϫһ¼ۻƵ۾ýӲ
ԼղšȻ󲮶ˣ
һǴ󻵵
һԵĳ±ܷŭشУСĶϵеĴζʲô
ʲô󻵵СӣүүϽ¸үүͷ
Ťͷ±ڳϫǰȻֳԶСŮ֣ܿܿҲϽүүͷ
үү
үү
±ͳܿܿԶȻؿųϫЩӦ
ɳĹô࣬СһԥԥģҪסǸϫͷ
ϫû仰˵ѱ÷ûüӦԼȻүүˣ
죡
⡭⡭
ϫ˶ˣΪͨ죬һҲ֪ôݴ˿̵ˡ
үү
ܿܿȴԵñȳϫҪ򶨣˵Цүүζʲôһ͹ڵأһ
үү
±ԵúܾɥǱϵһưڵϵġ
ϫʱѹ˫һչһֳסһСһﱧ˻У󿴿ֿԽԽϲϲԱ̲סЦ
Լүүˣ
һԵĳ褼ˣҲ˲ѣԼӻɵԱߣĸ첲ߵϫߣ󲮣ãӣãϽд󲮣
͵ؾѣ񣺡ü󲮣ղŲ֪Ǵ󲮹ˡ


1418 خ
ϫĿܸüƽˣЦЦ֪
ģϫŪܿܿСŮг֥ܿǳ°ΤͮŮ꣬񾲣˸֮硣
г±Скг±ǳ褺õĶӣ꣬龫֣Ϊ
°Τͮ褵ãԶǳ°ʱʶ󽥽㺣Ϊ˵¡
֪һУϫҲΪˣû뵽ûһȻӺŮˣожþˡ
һ߶Ūų±ͳܿܿһʳ褣أҽ֮ƺûӦϢ
͵һǰ߽ԿˣٹԷء
ڴһ䣬˳ϫ󲮣ҵڱչأ֪϶ֻߣҴȥдеһЩ档
ϫ룬ҡͷˣȰǷһɡ
Ҳԣ󲮸շأȻȸҵͼخǰɡ褵ͷߣҴȥǡ
ϫЦǸòỹɽеĺĵϰɣ
һЦǡ
˵ţͳ÷ԸãűܿܿУȲҪѴ󲮻Ϣй¶ȥ
ͷԳϫʱЩн
û취ȻϫкεˣƽŽĴ뢣йسϫһԻ¼ڶܲ˼һһ˵
Դ˿Գϫܲˣ
УҲҪүүһȥ±ȴͬӵİţ¡
ܿܿûڣҲһڴųϫѾԭǰӣԭ׾ἰүүԲԸʹ˺ͳϫֿˡ
ϫЦúúãһȥ
ΪүүĸˣӺŮֱ飬»ˤˣж簮ˡ
Դӳ°ֶʱйôˡ
褼ˣҲֻܵͷӦ˭󲮳ϫľء
ˣ褶һҪæһ¡
ϫͻȻ˶㣬ڽ̳ʱʱһ¥УʱѷңԲܲ˼Сˡ
ӳϫе֪һУĿʱЩ죬ʲô
ϫƳһۣôˣ
ҡͷûʲô
˵ţͳʹһɫãǾ鷳ȥλӻˣţȰԨ󡣡
㼴ЦţϽһȥ׺ͼخǰɣ½ˡ

ɽĵ
ϫ뿪ʱڴ˾꣬ڴʦ֣һǣɵ⡣
ʱϼ죬ļخһҡУ΢΢Զ񷡣
Ѿ̫£ߴֽ٣ѵЩһֱҲͷϧµʱ⡣
һŲԶһŨüۣ֮ⲽ˹Ȼǵ֮껡
خͷҲûأȻʵôˣ
⼸չʱһֱܸоʲôҪһ㡣üһƨ˼خߡ
خ΢յٿȻ磬ңңԶκǷһĨζЦݣȷҪˡ
һ㶡
ڴʱԶһ󺰣خǰҴ˭ˣףҵȻҲˣ
͵ؾͿԼӳڼԶŲƶԣһӣ忡ʵȻ˫ָԱų±ͳܿܿ
ɲǼ䣬׻ʧ磡
ڻˡ
خҲǵЦˣ͸һĨȻϵһ졣
خǰС껡
ʱ򣬳ϫͳѵִĵϣеСһｻ褣ųخȻֳ껵˵ͷ
ֵһЦһоڲС
С껡֣ȴˣޱȵĸ׾Ȼ󲮽С껣Ц粻ɡ
ܺЦ
껻ȻŤͷ˳һۣŵúڨڨһЦæա

ĵ統ǰ㣬ֻһӵΪخϢ֮
˿̵ĵУһŰ빣ƵУϹ䣬ϫ껡خΧŰ빶ƷЦ̡
ñط꣬ȻеĻ
ϫ̸ԼɽеһЩҲЩһı仯һһ˵Դ֮䣬޲пࡣ
±ڴܣСһ𿴲СһҲͣЪʢ֮ܿܿڳϫߣСŰգүүϫүү껽̸
һ̵֣֮ϫҲ㲻ѣΨһһ˿źڣӳ°ͶϱΤͮڡ
Ȼ¡ĸѩ׳ǶڵĻǾ͸ˡ
ⳡ̸һֱʮ֣껺ͳ褴Сһûٶһ𷵻˳С
Ҫ׼һ£֪ͨˡһͳϫϾϫɽ緵һʵ̫ˣüȻҲҪһ¡
һʱ֮䣬ֻʣ˼خͳϫ
߰ɡ
خⲽ߳˴
ϫҲкܶ໰ҪʼخҲ˳ȥ
ʱϼȾգϦбңƵĺ죬ԶɽвʱУԵøտġ
ڷ֮ʱѾǡ췣֮֮ۡ͡񡯣ڱ̺֮ǰخĬãڴ˳Ĭ
ϫû뵽خһҪʵĻ⣬˵ͷˣֺصִڡ
ȷأҺǿ󣬴֮ϵұ磬Ϊˣǰݡ췣֮ۡ͡
خѣһʯƾ졣
ϫһû뵽λǳµĴڣҲܵ췣֮ۡȺ
ϫҪ˽ʱخȴǲἰ⣬ʵЩ꣬ڵѧԺðɣ
ϫ˵ͷѧԺλǰΪչҡ
֣Լѽʥɾ磬δܿƼخǰΪﵽ˺εȵز
ϸȥ֪Ҳ޷̽ǳټƲ⵽ĳ֪Դ˿סʵǰΪﵽ˺εȵزᵱȡһɽ˷
˵ǵɽУΪ˻ȡһͼƬʱخϧȥȡɽ顣
خ㼴£һͿڵҺڵһ̫࣬Ϊӡ˾ųɾţΪľǶ֮Ĳ̽ܶõȻ١
˶٣ѽʥɾʶˡ췣֮֮ۡ͡񡯵ѵ²ӵеΪ
ϫһòѷ˰ɣ
خȴƺЩֳϫķӦü֮ǰ˵ѾʹŵأѪл˵ʴУ
ϫȻͼخǰΪйϵ
ǰļخԺвѪʱһΰӰʱ͸еЩϤȴôҲ벻˿̶Աǰļخжʱһκˣòǡ
خЦˣпСһﵽڲŷӦ𣿡


1419 
ʣ
жϳǰļخһֵ˵ѧԺĵʱϫ
⡣
𾪡
㱡
Ȼ
֪Уخһֻһգӻǳһ죬ΪԷǿضһ壬£ӵϵǻۺ;顣
Ȼɽʦ֣ʦֺͼخĽ̸УŸһ˽⵽ԭخǰɽ֮ʦܣ֮ǳΪˡ
ϫΪѾخݿƣ˭뵽ʱ˿̣خٴһ䣬Ϊ˵ʣ
δ̫ģϫЩš
Ϊ֮ǰɽѧԺʱҲŹйصʵϢ̫֮һֵɽһѧԺѧԺ䴫֮صʹŵءȵȵȵȡ
λ˵еȴԼ֪еɽ֮ʦܳΪһˣжྪˡ
֮顢ɽʦ塢ˡ̫֮һѧԺһԺһݵһֻ˭Ҳ벻Щݻһˡ
֮䣬ϫһνѧԺؾԺĹһ伮ޱԴ
ⲿ伮ǳԵ֣֮ȴɵױעͲʱע⵽ⲿ伮ֵʱ䣬ӦûҪ̫ŵ֤֮ǰԭҲܼ򵥣עͲǺ˶͵伮һ֪ڹ͡
ϫǵ伮ʱȻⲿ伮Ȼɽ֣֮֮
ʱϫͻɣ̫ŵӦúɽ֮һ˿ϵ֮䲻ֹϵһʦֵ֮Ĺϵ
һɲǣϫ˹̫ŵʾǼخһɽ֮˵ʦܣ
һҲΪСʦ뽨Լɽ֮ҪѧԺˣҲףԺǺӵĵӻգΪλͻأԼĽһбȻͼخǰй
ֲãֲð
ϫ૳ҲǸп˼£ԭԼһ·ϵУһֱܵɽıӰ
ȷ̫ͨսͨɽѧԺСʦİţϫ˿һʱӿٰζ
ǰ㣬ΪΪ̫ͣҪǣ̫ˣϸʱͳΪɽ״ӣ֮мܺȣʱһУֻᵢĵ;к
ϫɫָһԵļخſڣϾһ˵ĵ;վҪԼȥûһ·ϵǧĥ£㿲̸֣һζİͱӣֻΪӹţϲ̤ϴ֮
ϫȻ֮خֹһθҲҪ˸
ǵģУעһ˵顣
˵İֻһʱҪߵĸԶֻԼ
ΪֻҪһֱȥһ죬ᳬԽЩˣԽЩ߸ϵĴڣϸ߸Զĵ;ʱ˭ܰ㣿
ǵ;ֹ˶죡
塢ѡǰʦŵİȷǿԻöʱǿ󣬿ֻⱲҲ޷̤ԼĴˣ

ʵڤ֮ױƣϧһʱܵ췣֮۵ɱδܼɹҲΪˡ
Уϫڤ֮׵飬خҲδԵһһ˵˳
ףΪĵ;Ѿʼ嵽Һãʦַڣȥұ췣֮۾ɱΣգһѣȴֻܶǳ繶Ӳдš
˵⣬خɫѴһĨ˸У˵¡
ϫĬȻŷԼĴ߷ּ٣ٵĵطڴеڤ֮ף̫ŵżȻãķ˵ѧԺС
ռخԣڤ֮ױǳУƵ;ʱ췣֮ɱŹһ
뵽⣬ϫͻȻһüخʦ壬Ը췣̫֮Ͻ
خҡͷǷһ˿ı֮ɫ̫Ͻֻ̣һеĹˡ

ϫ࣬Ը⣬Ҳò̫Ͻߵͳ֮һ֮̿ߵͳȴخһֻҲ𾪲ѡ
ϫ̫Ͻǣ˭ʱخȴǲԸἰ£ܿͻˡ
Ȼ󣬼خ˳ϫ˴ط˼飬ϫҲԼҪչϸļƻг֮Է˼磬Ҳǵܵ϶֣ԼͶ
خ֪һУȴ뵽˳˼Уβ˵֪ǳĸеģ
ԵЩͻأóϫ˵ƺǴһбڤؾá
خƳ˳ϫһۣⲻص㣬ǳʦ²Уɲ˭ܹõġ
֮ǣĸܹô˱дԭ
ϫ׽һ㣬ɵخʱȴҡͷҲȳĸʱܴõ𰸡
ϫخ飬֪Ըش飬ǰٰѯҲ˵ֻܰɻѹĵס
ô˵ηشѳһ嶼ɽˣخһת˳ϫ˴ηصĿġ
ϫҡͷֹǳһ壬ѹͥС綼ߡ
شüخ΢΢һȻ˵˼С磬ͥСֻ֮һ뽫߿ɲô׵飬ѹһر㵱ɽˡ
ϫ׼خ˵һУ˴η׼Цخʦ壬˵ѹͥСװһɱǷУ
خü̫ɱҲҪܵɽ編ƣѵϻЯг̫׵
ϫʾݶ㲻
ȷʾݶεƷıС˽⵽ģټ½ʱԵһУ»жϳʾݶȱȻ̫֮ˡ
ҲˣŸҿ˵ҪͥСһԶߡ
ʾݶ
ȻخųϫȻʾݶʱʱ¶һĨɫȻѾ׼˱δ֮ǰѹɴֱżĪ⣬һ֮֣ȷԽһСˡ
˶٣خټͼƬܹڱ֮ǵȷԱܿɽˡ
Ȼخʾݶ˽ҪȳϫԭҲͬ򵥣̫֮ͬһخΪ̫ŵʣ֪ܲԷݶˡ
õخȷϣϫ׷ģЦҾôġ
خȴ뵽˳˼֮У֮󣬲һ̧ͷӽҹĻϮĲ񷣬Ҳã綯ƲɵҲʱ뿪ˡ
뿪
ϫһ𣺡خʦ岻һ𷵻ɽô


1420 Թ
خδϣһֱڳĬ
ϫеȴƽӼخղŵĻԼףΪ綯ƲɵŻüخ뿪ͷ
ɻ󣬼خҪɽǷصѧԺ
ǺߣȻһ𷵻ɽ磬ΪѧԺɽУǰߣǼخȫûҪ˵Ҫ뿪ֱ˵ɽ
خʱȻڣӲ²ˣʦΪңòֻ뿪ڱҪȥ׷ѰĲ
׷Ѱ˵Ĳ
ϫɲǼСʦһֱ˵ɽ֮ںܾǰƮȻ뿪ɽδ飬־ȥ
خҲҪ뿪Ҫ׷Ѱ˵ĲĪ֪ǰ˺εأ
ʱԶȻ˳褵󲮣ҵȻؼһˡ
褵ӰٿȻƾն֣˳ϫǰ˿ɫȴЩ΢΢Ĺ죬һֹЦõģ
ϫ΢΢һʲô£
ԥ˰ΣźٺЦô˵أȥˡ
СӣʲôҪڵģϫû˳һۣջǴӦ
خʦ壬Ǹݷ˵⣬ϫֲһ䣬ǧ𲻴Ƕˡ
خȻֵȥѣһʱ
ϫ˵ͷͳһ뿪˺ĵ̳еĳɳ۶ȥ

塣
ҹɫϸۡһԺȴǵƹ硣
껺Ժ֮⣬ڵˡ
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˵Ҳ֪뵽ʲôǲһĨֻ֮ɫԼһ˿޵ۡ
ܲɣһ˿ɫǡһԵӲ׽䵱һߣôˣǲǹЩ̫ˣҲ볢ȣ
æɿһɫ䣬¶Ҳֻдɵóҿûˡ
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껿Цĸҡ
󲮣ǻǸϽ°ɡһԽĳæӽΧ
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еƻͨţ̳һɺ̺һ̴ľΡ
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˵ִҶ챦¥ʱʶĹ̡
ˡ

̫࣬ÿһξУһ˵ӰӣͷĿա
¡ᰡʸӰ̡
ȻЩ̫绪Ůӣһ;ȴΪԵʣ޷κһŮһȷеŵߴ𸴡
ԣֻܽϵĲĵףȥ룬Ҳ룬ΪҪ̫࣬ΪĹ̫ˡ
ɳϫû뵽µϴڽ񷵻ع֮ʱٴطգһӶˣ𺳾һĵ˺һӣǼѹкϤӿ˳
ԣסˣɫ㱡
磬ϽȥһԲźۼ˳ϫһѡ
ϫʱӸַ׷˼оѣ죬Ҫкȴ֪˵Щʲôá
ߣ
Уһĺλ
ڴſһɲǣڿϫϤӰֵһʱǵһһĨĨϲ֮ɫУͬǰٸнӿ䡣
ɺܿ죬ǾƵģŲٿϫһۣɫٶһ˿Թ
Ȼע⵽ϫƵڴ⣬þòжʱһգ뷢һԴ˱ﲻ
ϫУʱһջӲͷƤ߽˴ʬƵģⶼýӲ
ϫλ˽Զ첻ԣҿǲϫɫԹζȴԽԽŨ
óϫͷƤһ飬ľսһѹҲ˵ΪʲôΪĿǷ̫ࣿ
ԵЩо⣬Щֲ
ĳ껿һĻֵ֣ǳϲˣͽסЦ˭һһ˻ֳνӲģ
ˣЦˣ緢ַʰ㲻ɣ
һԵݺ˳һۣк磬ҪҰ׼һЩϯ
ǸϫΧˡ
ϫжʱһɿһٺòˣţվϯһ¡һЩֲٰˣô겻Ҳôҳҵա
˵ţʹҴҪߣû취ҳһƬ飬Ҫ侲˼һ¸һĻ
û߳Ϫ硢ȡλ˶ʱˣӵѵҪٵǧꣿ
Ǽղأ뽿߳ң
ϫʱס


1421 ˶
վס
ȻϫվסˣһҲҶ
ˣȴһЦһֻĳ껾תȥ
Ȼ󣬴뵽˳С
λ޶˵˽Զ첻ԣԹֱóϫֱðڨڨһЦ˻Լλϡ
ɼձڣֱһеͽƵġ
ôˣҲûѽ
գ翪ڣݣ˿٣һƬ
ϫһ˿ھͺãȳĬİ
ɻûİ৵һ£ŮĿϣһԹ絶Ƶģεóϫһľ
ðſЦűӣ˵Щʲôȴֱˣ֪λش
ͲܸһͣǼٵģҲһ̬Ȱɣһ̾
һʯǧˣŮҲ׷׿ڡ
ҿˡ
ϪƲ죬˪Ͼʧ䡣
ϫ磬ҼǵǰܻŮӵģȴԲǲʱȥˣҲİˣ
⿪ڣƵ涣ȻΡ
Ҿ֪ǿ˷ʱ⣬ƣƿ˰ɡ
̺һԹƲƷŭʧģ
ɲǷţָϣҿǾǵȰͷҲȲһתˡ
˸̾Ϣ
һӣϫͷţЦЩŮ˶ôˣܲǰˣ
ȻҲֻܸһ£ԭԼҲԼ̫꣬һֱδһȷ𸴡
¹ȥǾһֱԼҲΣ£֪ȥʲô
ҺãûƬ̣ʹһʹ߽ʱλԹ˱죬óϫһ
ָʹӲһʢĲȺ;ˮ֮󣬱㼴ǳǳһЦת뿪
СϫûڵǱ߳Աİɣò˶ã˵ҾҪ뿪ˣһʵס
뿪
ŮһнԶһɫ΢΢һ䣬Դӳϫ뿪ǿһֱڳ壬˼룬޷Ҫͳϫٴ
һֱȴʱ䣬ڰѳϫĺλˣʧˣ
ǵʱҲ˲Թˣ׷ǰ£˲赹ˮɱյƺٸϫƽˡ
óϫַָ࣬оԼЩɣ뿪ĺô
ܿ죬ٲܺ˼룬Ϊ
ϫ㳢֪Ϊ׼ģǵϪ¥ѧͽʱѧĵһ˾ըīϺ
˪ĶϪ˿ȴЦѤãϫһɢζӨϺ⡣
ϫ磬㻹ǵôΪ׼ģЩ¾ѧһˣ㳢ϲϿڡ
Ǻ˰֬ƵͷϫвˣҸϫӣ֮ǰıˡ
ϫǵһʱõľ㻹ǵζôϽǷζ
󷽷ϫһƣƵֵ˹ȥЦӿ˿˿㺡
ϫ
ϫ
̺ҲϫвƣüĿ飬̬̬ת֮죬ϫЩܳ
о仰˶ǡֵݳ˳ϫ˿̵飬λεε˺ߴӣڷ̣ˣֻ۵ô߲ɡ
ϫȴЩ̫ⷴЩĵֻܳ䵱ưͣſӣʲôʲô˷С
ھˮ߲ܣΨݣôһִֹķΧнѡ
⣬͵͵һĻĳ۾аۣϸŮֶ˵ð
ܿ죬ͱɫŶקˡ

һ硣
ϫӴԴЩ¡
ҹȷˣ࣬˵Ϊǹġ
а
ܴĻԹ
Ȼܡ
ϫתɲǼͽľ⣬һƬˬʣ̲סһ
ڴϣҹһĻĻϫ̲סЦ֮һ֣Ȼ˰
үүˣë
һ黨СȹӵСŮ˹峺ۣ񾲵СϹһ˿ǳǳЦ⡣
ǳܿܿ˫һšɵʪëݸϫɶ¡
СѾͷϫЦˣӴȻܿܿڻУǵһڣǹܿܿүүá
үүҰɡ
ܿܿǳĴ۾дһ˿ڴ
ϫȻܾˣЦǺŮԼĹգůһƬָоȷܹ
ô˵أǾΪһλүүĸܣ
ܿܿĺϸСģϫգ̽Сָһ³ϫͷǵĲˡ
ɳϫȴоЩ΢΢Ĺ죬̲סʵܿܿ㾭㸸ĸ𣿡
ܿܿҡͷֻСҲ
ϫһС˭
ܿܿȻ˫סС죬ͷڳϫУګګСǵҵĳһֻͫɰĺܡ
ϫͷһڣԼȻܵ˳Ĵ
һʱ֮䣬ϫЦãܿܿͳȥߣүүܿܿȥ㡣
үүϪ㡢㡢㡢̽㡢Ƚʱ⡣
ܿܿſڳϫϣ˵
㣿
ϫɫһܿܿЩ㡭
˵⣬ͻȻֲ֪ôܿܿƺϪˣ̣Уһ֣̣ҲУǿɻԼ¡
һ룬ϫʱˣĵˣܿܿСҽаɡ
ʲô⣿ϫʵ
ܿܿԴ룬ͷɿЩʵֻһ⣬̡ޱ顢㡢㡭
һ֮ܿܿ˿ʳһ⣺ЩŮ˭ʲôϵ¡᰺ÿ𡭡
ϫǶסݺݳ鴤
֮ų̾ܿܿ㻹Сġ
ܿܿ峺۾үүǲǲģҲˡ
ϫСӣ֪ܿܿүүˡ
ܿܿһЦүүֻҪ̺þˡ
̣
Ȼ¡
Ͳг°ȻҲͲܿܿ
ֻʱϫвһ̾ͻȻԼ̫ծƫƫԼһֱδЩ⡭
磬Ѿ׼׵ˣһȥһǵ˺Ѱɡڴʱ껴Զ
ϫʱӷ˼ѣ˵ͷ
һ̣Ѵ⣬ȼ֮󣬾ͻչжȰһа׵ֱӷɽ硣
飬վǹעи·Ҫߣгһ̤֮ʱŻѡǵɡ


1422 ߴʤ
ϫˣ
Ϣ籩һ㣬Ȼһ壬һ־˵ٶɢ˷
̳ǡϽ
һʱ䣬н綼֪λһһˣλ̫սһɼ򣬸ڰ֮ھϼɽĳϫˣ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ󲨣ͷβ¥ÿ䶼ųϫ֡
ȻϫѾ뿪˴£н紴һ漣ȴδ˴ƹ
ԴнԣϫٲȻһֻĽĴ棬ȻѾ뿪й¼ȴȻֵڿഫ
һλ˸ŽĴٴɵĺ䶯֪жֲ
ڱ߾սںԿߴŵϢʱʿʱ㣬Ӳ˶֣
֮˼ĳϫѾڲһʱУΪĿĽ㣬һƬ
ʿѶԶ˷ӿ̳ǣΪľܹհһλķɡ
Ǵ֮н磬Ҳ֪ϢǽԶϲ׷׳Ѷ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪĹͥСУңûѻս֮У£ϫشϢʱЩ߿ϣֻ֪ҪȻܵõλıˡ
£ɿܻ޶ԣ

ַǷʱĳڲͬҲһƬ
ЩʹӡŮˡһϲɫܼޱȣǰڹأһѷȥݼԼλ紫Ĵˣ
ôȥˣϫˣ
ųϫǴɽ罵٣˲õĺܣһû˵ĸ𻯷ɽĴط˼أд˱Կϫ漴ɽУҲȻһλ˲õ
ߣЩ֪ļһүүźϫ棬үү˼˵̳ܹΪһһĴ壬ϫ湦û
ǰǿɲ֪нһһĴǶѾۼˣ˵ʱҲˣΪľǺǳϫһ档
Ϊ¼ҵˣЩʹҲΪĳһ嶦ʢԻͣ죬ĺ֮ȼߣ£ǳһˣҲɣߵﶼء
ʱУѹѹһнеĴټĿռ侹ֳӵ״̬
ЩУƽ̫ϳϱ⣬ӡȵȽԶǺͳһżΪϵĴڡ
Щ֮⣬ԱԭȵȽĴ֮޲ӵŵɾϵΪ
ΪԺյģʻʸˣ
˵µУٲȻнĴԴһЩģûʸ뵽С
ϫ浽
ڴλ۷׷׵ʱһٿȻڴ쳹ôеʱʧѻȸ
ЩĴǣԶԼͬĿԶˢˢ˴⣬ɫٶһĨ;η
ȷǾηǿڴнڳưԣ绽꣬УԳϫɽĴڣֻܱغ;ηֻһӭ
һй޷ĸ֡ǿΪ
ټϳвٴ֮ǰͳϫ޽ϫҲѾ뿪ʱ䣬ڳϫķأҪ˱ֵĸΪء
桢ǣҲΪδͳϫûѺͳϫ̫ԶԲҵ˶Է
ԵϫŮܿܿͳһʱͿ˶ӭռžεΪ׳ۡ
ⲻóϫ΢΢һЩԹܵܳôһξۻ¡ء
磬ɲҰŵġ
ƺ˳ϫ⣬һԿЦΪͷ̫˭ŵĻ㲻ںں
ϫ룬Ҳȷһֻ̾һоЩȤˣܲϲׯؾηķΧ
ڳϫͬʱЩĴҲڴϫԷһϮ忡Ψһ仯ϵʣøΪȣһִ°ĶϢ
˵ϫƣɵԶԶʱɲһСϰĸоͺһλʥڶܵһɾη
ԭвͳϫϵȽеĴҪһкɵϫʱȴԼ͵ضһɾηѹ˵
Ҳձšׯ࣬ѻȸ
֪һĻϫһ̾ϢȴǷһĨЦ⣬кʱ¡ϸ硢ϸ硢ϸ硭Ƕڰ
Խһ˿崺ζһ쳹ͽһׯྴηϢһɨա
ǻʸꡢȱϫֵĴһжʱһɣϲЦտ겻ϫϢøΪɲ֮⣬طδʲô仯統ǰƽǫѷϡ
ЩͬضǴеǰˡϫĿһɨЩʶİףҲǺЦʺһ
һǰʱЩһϻ̳Ͽ֣æڡ
Ҳңϫɷˡ
ѧȺ󣬴ΪʦϫĪҪٳƺҵǰˣҵȿɳܲ𰡡
ǰǰ
ϫЦЦδ˵ʲôֻǷԸ׼ϯȻʲõϣû취ǫһ£ֻҲӦΪ˾塣
ϯϫҲûʲôɽļӣЦڣλĴ죬
Ҳϳɾܿ͵̬ʼЦźͳϫ̸ۣյǺܿ
ϫǵʣˣڸԼʱٶһ˿Сζ
ں͵ܵܳʱȴ֡СľٶóϫܸоĲζЩɺ
ϫҲµԼѾ뿪꣬ݡΪʵѺͬԼΪû䣬УԼվѾΪɽˣԾؾͻԼη
ʲôиߴʤ
ǰһĻǶ仰ڹ͡
˴ݡλ̫ʱЩ飬ע޷Լ־ΪתƵġ
һۻ죬ϫӭӴ˲֪ٵĴĴȴ䣬ͻȻЩ뷵ɽˡ
ֱ󣬳ϫټͣõܵܳ׼һ£ѡһϣԼԼҳ˼档
Ȼ󣬾Ϊɽж׼


1423 
ոɡ
һĹ㳡ϣͷܶĦࡣ
죬ӵȫ۶ΪľĿеĴϫķɣ
㳡ȺӿһƬ࣬ȴΪѻȸ˶Ρ
Щӵܣ඼ǸΪ£̸ϵϵӵܵȴ޼ָͷĹ
ǱϾѾճ£ܵĴȻȫͬԶڳȻһֹС
ͣϫӰƾն֣ƮȻ˹㳡ǰһƽ̨ϣӰΣʳһ֣ʱڳĿ⡣
ɲǼ䣬еĳӵнԶӿһĨڼܡĽ֮ɫͬĿһλoһ㡣
ϫƽ̨֮ϣǹ㳡ϳǧˣҲǽסӿһĨпЩɶǳһδϣ
ûж˵ʲôֻǾЩӵܣĿ峺ƽҪÿһӵܵģӡС
ЩĿɨеĳˣҲһͦţڽܽıսʿһ㣬һĿȺͳĽ
ǵ֣´ټҶȻÿһˡ֮󣬳ϫȻڡ
һ˭Ҳû뵽ϫڵĵһ仰һҪ
ӵнԶһůζʲôζųϫÿһˣ
棬ҽгƴϣ
ҽг֣
»
±

Ҳ֪˭ͷ㳡϶ʱһһԱ˷þ÷ƽȥ
УϫҲһģУΪҪסһЩֱ練ƣȺˮɡ
ѾסˣǳƴϣһֵģɼΣǳѩãֵʱ򣬱ȱ˵ǡ
ϫЦΪ֤Ļʼһһ˵Щӵ֡
֮󣬲һ˵֮ôֻߴңΪһӵܣÿ˶縺żصÿ˶ǳϵһӣǳԲκһˣ
˶٣ͬҳϫҲÿһĴڣԭֻһǣϣ
ԽĺģߵÿӵͷнԶȻһĨܡԼһֱϿɺͱͬǿҹС
ǳϫ̻壡
һӵܱȳ
ǳϫ̻壡
ӵҲ뻮һڣ
Զĳ껡ˣнԶοޱȣһǿʢȷֳܵһˣҪÿһӵȥΪ֮ܶͺ

ƽ̨ϣϫһӣһɿֱֲӲӵ꣬Ʈ¡
ǹϸܡӡأ㳡֡
ξ֮ԳϫڣԲ磬ͬҲǳϫӵܵһ
죡Ⱥε֮ߣ
Ȼ
ɫƮÿһӵϣ˲͸ܵһ´ߵӿһ𾪵ʧг
Ͻϥأ
Զĳ껿һĻסѳ
һڳӵܶʱγѣ׷ϥأʼɴ
ʱϫҲƮȻ뿪ƽ̨ϡ
ҪǰĵһˣȥҰɡϫܵܳ
磬خǰҪ뿪ô껵˵ͷ̲סʵ
Щһֱ漾خУ࣬аѼخҵʦӳϫе֪خ뿪Щᡣ
ϫĵܼܵ򣺡õģԺԻĻᣬУĪҪҪ߹ͥСˣֻˡ
һ͵ͷӦ
ϫЦЦ˫ָƾնȥ

ɽĵ
ôͥСе߿ɾ޷ܵϢһҲ޷ٶɽٽɽˡ
֪ϫҪ֣һٽͥСʾݶʱخסһ䡣
ף綯ѾҪ٣ֻǴ綯ٰ֮ѹͥСȡһͿ԰Ǳܿˡ
ϫҶ߶ԣҲʱ䣬綯Ǿȥɴ
خͷ⵹һİ취
خʦ壬治һ𷵻ɽôϫ̲סٴѯ
خûж˵ֻҡҡͷ
ϫнסЩʧ䣬һʱȻԡ
㷵ɽ󣬾ץʱɣʥΪ綯ǰЩ
خЦƳ˳ϫһۡ
ϫӣҲЦˣͻȻ𣬵ڼخʱԼȡĳɾͣخܻҡͷ˵һ˵Ļ

һ
ĵϿյһŤ¶ӰһһŮеӰͦ㣬üĿݰףݿ񾲣Ͷ֮䣬һ˿ݲȵζ
ŮòһϮɫȹ޳Ӱӳĵޱȣһͷ˳ڷ٣ãüīƵĴǽЩžн
ĪţҸֲǴħͷ
Ƴһߵӣ΢΢һЦ¶һĨЦݡ
ҡֻǵһμףСЩ
Ůͷ򸡣
һһŮȻǳ°Τͮ
ΤͮŻɵӣԳϫ˽ȻҪ˸Ҳ׳ϫӵежֲ
ھŻɵĿУϫٲȻͬһ񻰣ͷ֮ʢǹ˵ƽ»ͥԼϡ
ΤͮΪŻɵеһԱҪλ񻰰ġˣ
°аĸףǲŽء

ڴʱһԽ𣬳ϫƮȻĿ⺬Ц˳°Τͮ
ף
°ƴݣʵҲΪֻһֱǿ԰ţһڿ׳ϫʱ޷ƣʱг
ϫǰ°һӵипǧСҲڳˡ
ͽĿһΤͮЦλͮɡ
ڿϫĵһۣΤͮԴһ£ŵ˼£ڳϫʻʱûӦ
ӣ°вɺЦæͮϽ׼񣿡
ͮףղʧ񣬻׼¡
Τͮγѣæ
ϫҲСΪţҲûоʲôʧģֵǰӣҳϫĶϱؽš
˵ţ㽫°Τͮӭ˺ĵС
ӵļ棬Բʲôˣһڴ죬Щϵ飬Ҳڡ
һԵΤͮҲƽٽš
ٽҹʱ򣬳ϫְѵܵܳ껡䡢ֶ褣ֶϱáŮܿܿһһżخһ˸Բ
ϯȻޱȣֻٵϯϫ˸ĸ¡вһ˿ź
´ԼһСһžһɣϫૣͷоơ


1424 
ҪһС磬ȻҪ硣

ϫͼخһչжʼûоκˡ
ৣ
ƾ˸ֱϾ֮⣬ؿռϣٿ֮ǵִͥС֮⡣
һƬǿգǳתУͷųһ貵Ĺ⡣
ȥǹͥСһƵģبһƬǺ֮ǰתһɹ֮
ճϫ˽⣬С磬˼֮࣬ǺӣÿһСתԶ벻֮
֮Դ
ɽ磬һСֵԵüΪȱ
ǰϫԴ˻ΪѴﵽʥɲΣ̤ʥĵ;ƿ߿ռƣһ۾ͿǹͥСܣһʵʵһĻ
ܹȱѷ죬ԵôϫţԼָֻһҲһ֮䣬ͽͥСݻˣ
ǹͥС磬ʦ͵ڤڴ۵ʮգԵ
خһԸпдһ˿׷ζ
Ե
ϫһʱףǵȻԵֻǱԼˣΪ̳ɽ֮˵²ͬʱҲ̳˵ڤ۵ڤ¼аʡ
ֻûԼܹ֮ȻԵȻ͵귢һ۵ϵˡ
ʼжɡ
خɫһõȻࡣ
ˣ
ϫҲٵһУޱȵͭƾո֣תǧΡϢʾݶ
ৣ
︦һ֣һִһͭиֳһ֬Ƶ񶦣ڿɢԹԡ
ȻСˣҲ̫ʵŮ
ףѾͷ
خĿһɨǰСһӾ͸֪Ĵһ꣬
ϫʱһخʦƺϵС
ͻȻˣخ̫ŵʣСĸʽԶλ̫ʵ֮УһخϳСȻҲ֮С
خ壿
Сдһöһ˿ȣȫǰϫֲһ˿
һԼӰٿȻи֣绪£ܿʧóϫȥݡ
Ǹû취¶Сһ
خͷüףֻôûû뵽㾹
خ岻ض˵һжΪ˱ѡСڴ˼خ˵
ϫһߵĶԻԭΪԴ̽СһЩܣСԸٶ˵ˡ
ĿخȿڣСȵҪȡСͿЩһ־ݶĴڣɾͻή½ѣ
Ȱ°ɡخ˼ؿСһۣ㼴ͷ˵
ϫҲֻܵͷӦֻУȴסСӦиա֣֮Իữһ񶦣Ȼˡ
ϧǣСǼخԲ͸ҲֻܽɻС

ˣ
ܿ죬ͭڿգԣСƿ£һͭȻһգ۵ʱ䣬بǿУһ߲ɽ㣬һſǳǧ֮һС
ͭٿȻŲƣԶĹͥСֶȥ
һĻ̫׳ǿһС磬Ǻӣ֮󣬿ȴǹͭӰȫ֣ԵüΪС
ţǡ
ҪͥС磡
֣
ۿһͭŶҪͥС֣ؼʱ̣Զ쳹һ񱩵
һ̣һֲֻĴ־նǿգͭŶݺץȥ
һĻĳ䲻⣬óϫҲ΢΢һû뵽һʱ̣Ȼᱻ˺һˡ
خȴѲһ䣬رӿһɿֲƣһӣһɿֲӿƵģһͽһֵֻס
ԲʮǿУһײ͵زһɾҵĿֲǳը顢ʯ촷ۣɷǺˡ
һСҲټȡͥС磬ͣ¶ȫ䱸
ʱ򣬳ϫڿԶ¶Ӱһ߹ڹŷݿݣƵˡ
һһ꣬ƽֺۣ룬һƬɭȻ֮ɫԵĿӸΪֲ
裡
ϫһ۾ϳǰȻǵѧԺԺԺ裡
ɲ֮䣬ϫɫһϣֳĿԶ׼Ϊһģ
Լһֻ¾ͱһóˣһ뵽⣬ϫرӿһɲƵɱ
Ȼһλ벽ڣ˼磬ʵȻҲѱӡܷӳϫʲô
£ϫԲ֮һսһٽɱˣ
خʦ壬Ǽһ裬ͬҲˡϫɿ촫خ
خεһ֣ʱ˶ԷǰĴ㡣
ϫ
ϫʱҲͫһȻû뵽϶ԷˣܿɫͱɭȻ
֣ôСǸýӣ俪ڣ絶Ӱ
Ŷ
ԱǸ߹ڹŷĿޱ˳ϫһۣĿ˼خϣɫ΢΢һ䣬޷֪Էʵǳ
Ҫ֪˼磬˴ɽʵ⣬ɽ˼󣬽Զܵƺ⣬ֻܷӳɾܡ
ɼخϢȴӸоǰ򵥣
ɾЩ˾ˣѵԷʵѾǿᵽ֮ĵزˣ
ѾͷȡͥС磬ϫһｻˣ͵ٱǰһһ
خȻڣϢԽԽǿ󣬼ǽڽɲǼǿղһɰƵ񶯡
ͷ·һ˯е̫oѹһ㣬һɲǣϫһ
ٴ̧ߵļخʱѾͬһ˰㣬Թڣʢգɢһϡ

ɽ֮ʦܣ̫ŵʵƣ
һɲǵı仯ûΪһƬo
⡭⡭֮
ʲôӣ
żخƷķ츲صı仯ǿɫ䣬ĶӿһĨ־塣
£Ļҳɣʶƴȫƾ˸ȥֱ޲õȡ
ϧӵٿ죬ȴӲخķۣһ̽첲һֻϴֺǿգٿȻͷһץ¡
أأ
ԳϫʶҲֻܸ֪ǼԶвɿֲĺɹ촷˲֪ٿǳһʱշ籩ݣƿֲ֮
ˣϫһ
ˡخڣ̬ɣһֵһɹС¡


1425 
һλ벽ڣɽиǺպĵѧԺԺԺܹһ齵˼ĿӣݺΪȻҲ൱ˡ
ɾλɽȴһ֮ͱĨɱɴ䣬޻أóϫҲ𺳡
дҲ֪خӵеʵкεֲ֮
һ̣ϫͲٶ룬ΪͻȻܵһļޱȵϢǿ

άϵͥС֮ͬΪֲ֮޾ϡ
Ҹ뿪ˡ
خףԣӿһĨ֮ɫڶ֮мĳЦ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϫˣخ֮ǰһ˵ɱͬ飬һҲخϢ¶֪֮ˡ
¡
ԶУӿֳһƿֲ֮ףɬĻɫ绡ܣ֮Ǳ顢նѡʱתһжһִ״̬С
ԶԶȥǿշƶҪһ㡣
Ѿͷʲôж
خһȣݵȻǿ֮䣬˫һչϢһȻŹӳվʮء
ɲǼ䣬Ƶǲ֮ܶ޷ǰ
ѾԿ֮ûʲô
ϫ𺳣۾ȥֹֻһĻʵخѾ뿪֮ɱˣֻ˳Ϊ֮ѡ
ɼˣخ֮Կʱϫɲ𶯣Ŀһս񼣣ڶܵһױȵĳ
⡭Ǽخʵ
һ뵽һλݺ磬̫߳ͨŴ֮ǰһֱԼңϫоͽס㱡
ЩخǰֻҲʾʹݷɣ
ǷһֱΪ뿪׼
ڳϫɫ㱵ʱСǿʾݶһٽǹͥСȡһĨ⣬뵽˳ϫС
˴½磬ϫϢ̡ӡ˾ųӶ˱֮ĨɱĿܡ
СûͣҲخǰ֮⣬ֻܶڳϫϣͼƬϢڣܶ㿪֮Ĳ̽
¡
أǿеļخף˳ϫһۣһӣԹԺӲпٳһͨ
Сӣӱأ
嫵УخӰһһ뵽һͨУգʧ

ڼخӰʧпŰ绡ٿȻһͣպȻ
ʼգδϫһ¡
ȻҲӲ֤ӡ˾ųĳϫûʸ֮вˡ
ˣ
һйڳţϫЩȻɽ֮ʧô꣬خǰֻȥ׷Ѱ䲽
ǽȥ
СȻڣҿɲٴ˼ˣ̫Σա
ϫһԺڻܻȥҪô˻ǰһˡ
ǣòҪȥɼλ֪һ𷵻ɽɣСЦдһ˿̵ζ
ϫɫһͣЩڨڨȥ£ŻɻһԼʦֵܣҿɲĶǲܣο
СֱӴϣؽ͸ֲЩղŮˡ
ղ
ֱǳڿˡ
ϫӣһСЩҪ

Թ˼ǧ硢Сĳƺš
ף۴磬С磬ʵһλѣ֧ź˿㣬С֮Զ֮ͨ·
ϫ뿪ʱ̫սͨС֮һͨ
ĳϫԣҪִʵ̫ˣ֪ľλãֻʩչռŲƣһؿռϣͿ˳ִٽЩеͨ·
ৣ
ϫӰռ˸Ҳ֪˶ٸռϣ˶ٵλ棬һ֮ڰȻִ
һƬͰɽشǧ֮⣬һǳء
ţ
ϫһִʱ͸оԼǱӡɶָ࣬ĳң
ҲζȫԷӳɾܣ޾Բһ˿
ֱ仯ʶ͵ҲΪ֮һ䣬ޱȡ
ӽɽĴ磬ԹϵͳͨľҲӽɽ磬һԣǴ޽ɽ٣޷Ƭκвġ
Сƿϫɻ󣬷ɿһ䣬ʥͲ֪֮أܹ֮ӵСɽ֮ƣΪԵʡȻ޽ɵѳ֮ķ룬ʶ޷򡣡
֪һУϫ׹˵һӷ緵飬ʱӵɾΪִ֮δܵơ
ıֳɽگʱֻһ߷Բֻӵɾ
죿
һ뵽֣ϫͻȻӿһ˿ںҲ֪һȥɽô꣬ûһ˿йϢ

Żɽ
ʮ֮һŻɵ֮̾ء
ԽҲн޾Ѫȷ磬ңн綼һϵĺƴսС
ȴģսЩСССǺԱ֮Ҫôγͳ٣ҪôֱӶɽţ˶֮Ѱӡ
£ŻΪʮ֮һȻɵСֱ񣬾ŻɵĹģ˲ֹһ
ǾŻɣɵҲԶˣΪ˶Կ֣òһһ֮⡣
һ죬һ㡢ǻԵƾոھŻǰ˫ָΡɽһɿȻơ
ˣȻǱ죡
ĿңңɽɫһƬ䣬૵̫Ͻڶ洫͢˶˳ϫŻɻۡ
أϴν˼ʱܵںͳϫһԾʱϫһĨɱһ߷޵ֱ
ٴν̬Ѻϴβͬǿ̹ĵĳޣһֿйı
Ѿ̫ˣ
ֿʦ±ᡢǸΪĳϫ£ΪѧԺԺӵһˣֻ̫Ͻһ̵ͽ
һжһ̣У̼ҪҪҪй
ԼȥĻ
ϫϫ̫Ͻ̶Ҫն죬ϵ˭ܾȵ㣿һѪҺڣĸҰҰ


1426 

ڶ죬ÿһ̤ձ飬һɿɲɢ
羪װ쳹
ǲ쫷Ű
ܹűһ̤һɽֽ㱻顢촷ۡľмعѡ
֮
ʮ֮һľŻ֮̾أտʼжʱʱ˾ŻɵķӦ
˭
ôҾŻɣλɽŽ΢⻤ɽ󣡡
죡ƽ̣д
ŻɽǰԶһɽһλoһƾӣһھŻӽԶȻɫ䣬˾˷ɿȥ֪ͨи߲㣬Ҳ˺ɾ˻ɽ
һĻֲ̫ƿɲ߲ƣ
ˣ
ԳӳվʮأŻɽϤ֣һɹɿɲĽͬһͷԶ޴ӳ˯һ㡣
ߣ
ԶԶؿһĻɫǻȴǷһмߣͶ֮ܣ罾ԳһصصĿɲơ
УǾŻɻɽҲϡƽѣԡ
˺ˣٱɱ⣡
ɽУһŻȡ
磬ǵĲм֮ɫŨһֻϰĶҲҸԼ
֮䣬˵ܵڵʱ򣬵ʱͬμµ޽µʽ
ɾڵʱһȴͻأɱĳϫƻ
ʱ򣬳ϫǹһˣܵڣһ̤ɽţһ·֪ɱ˶ܵڵӣѪɺӣܵڵޱȵĴ
ΪҪǣ˵ϫһˣɾһܹƻ˱µ޽µʽ
ֱŴһƳܵɨأѣ˼Ǿ߷նɱ
ܴ裬ȴˣ
ܣ
˴εڶν˼磬ѺͬսΪѷ˷츲صı仯
죬ҲҪѳϫܵڵĳ裬ĳ裬ͳͳйھŻͷϣ
ɱ
أԶһź쳹޾еı졣
ȥͿŻɻɽ󳹵׼ԳһɹɿֲĽͬˮ㳯ɢƵҲΪɲ
ڱУɲֵһɹ
̽޳֣һġ
䣡
һյĺɫӡٿȻھŻɴ֮ϣݺɱ£ֶ֮֮һͽǻɽþҲ
ڴ󷽵Ļɽӣǲܷɣ׷׿ѪɫɲǼò԰ףʵģֱӾͱ˹ȥ
һֲ֮˹
ã̫ǿȥλϣ
죬Ǽһ﾿˭ʵ˱̬ѵеʥʼ𣿡
Żɽгˣӻ֣̿ʵ䲻ףɺͱһȣȴǸ
䣡
Լһ֮δٵǻɽɫһһĳһɲǣ޹⣬ձ飬ǾŻɽǰĴȻ⣬ױ飬ɽţٵ
໤ɽӸӣͱĨɱ
΢΢һЦƵ˸űĸ֮͵쳤ХЩŻɵţͶһ򣬿ɱֱٵţ˾Żͳ
ըף쳹Բʮ֮ء
һɲǣɽţȺ޲ڣؼ䶼һɱ⣬Եúޱȡ

أԶŻУһ󲨶ֳһӰȵĺȻƽ»ͥ
ߣžŻһڳϣϰٸ֮ࡣ
ġŻʥ顢˳λϹŶҲλǾŻͬ켹Ĵڣǰƽ»ͥһЩ߲㳤϶ñϹϾԾӡ
ܹЩ߲һȻΪֳĶ̫ǽԶᵽһΣϢ
죡
֮оȻǱ»ͥһڸ߲ԶһЩš
һ
ѵɽ緵أҪΪ֮¸
һǰϫ̤ܵɽţɱһ߷飬Ļ᲻֪
ֻû뵽ʱ֮󣬱쾹ٴν˼磬ֱŻѰˣ
Щһʵɲ⣬ϷҲеһ˿ļ£ƿصֻ֮ϣ
һ࣬Żʥеĵ˳ɫ䣬ɿ촫ˡ
ʲô
˻һ»ͥһ˳涼˵֤в˾ŻɵĴڣ
ϣȥ֪ͨӵܣȫѪ꽣֮£ûκεӲ
Īֳϣȥؾ¥деϤɣһǱѪ꽣Ҫ죡
λϣһ׼У
»ͥһƽ̣ɲ֮䣬㡣
زưոˣΪ˾ŻɵͳֻȾ
λ߲Ҳ֪̬أԴûκɣΪı죬ȷѾ߱вŻɵ
Ǵ㸪׳нƴȡͳӴˣ
ԶıȻڣдһ˿ŨŨĲмͼȻǣҶҪǸжϧƾҲעز˾Żɱ³ȰǻǹԹͶǰɽһ⣬ܶգ򡭡
Զδζȴѱ¶š
»ͥɫһȻѿǵĴ㡣
ߣ죬Ϊɽ֮ȴ˼޼ɣѵǴ˳ߣ뷢ţɫƥ
Ǵ
һЦЦֳͥگʹ⣬ǶΥڱɾ͵Υˣ
˻ֱǰԵŵ˼£·˵£»ͥΥӡ
ߣӵҪ˭ôӣ
أһƾһֳһƽսꪺɨХ챩ɱȥ
ֵĺȻǷ棡
λŻʥ֮һƢΪңһ֣ƽս˺գЮΰݺݱɱȥ
֮飬Ҳԣ
췢һߣһһֶ֮ϯصһǽǻƽս˲촷ۣ
ͬʱ۵һѪӰĵˣɫɷһƬһ֮ͱش
ͫţо̫ǿˣչ¶Ԥڵ̫࣬˾
ҲˣڱǰҲ߹Ĵڣ˵һ飬ҪôͶҪô
ߣЮһ֮ڣʢˡ

Ǿƴһƴԣ
£ȼͬʱ쳹˳λ붯֣ƾճɱ


1427 ٴ
¡¡
˳λ渦һתǿһ嫣ʮơ
ͬʱƽ»ͥҲ͵سȴǴһڳ͵˺գɽӶȥ
֪
Ե˳λļлɫһб֮ʢ͵̤ָأƺݺһأ˺ɲޱȡ
飡飡
˳һţѪɳƵ׹棬ΪңӲȫ˲㵱ɱ
ˣѱ˴ıԵ
ɲǼ䣬ʤ֣
˳Żɲ֪£򣬶۷Ĵڡ
վ˼һ֣ߵͳ̫Ͻ̵ı죬Ͳġ
ֲ࣬ͺèͻ𣬸ͲһεĴڣ˵˳˵ʧҲ֮С
ϹҪɱʣΪӮһ˿ƫƫԸҪۿţΥ汾ģһ³
ߣϰԵһѾץס˴ĵ˳ͷ飬ӰһƾճŻɽȥ
ղȻע⵽»ͥܵһĻںŻɶУǾӶ޿ܣ
¡¡
첽죬ˣֻһŻУ;һɽֹϽ顢ЩӴܵޡԶһ⣬Һͱɱ
ӭ
洫塣
Ŵ
ɽ塣

ŻټĻҵڱͶ֮䣬ֱԭɾƵ޵ʥأȴѻĿ꣬Է档
͡졪㲻ú
˳ͷλϹŶ˴ߣһĻֱĿѡ۽ѪмѹͶ޾ķŭ
УŻٲȻͬԼһ֣ȴһ·ݿ壬β˷ŭ
ڴˣЦѣ꣬ϫҲ˶ԴܵڵģҪֻܹǺͳϫմȾ˹ϵܵǣۡ
˵ʱӰٿȻֱĿƵһ°˼ǾŻɵѪ꽣ɣ⽣ʮŲ㣬ɻһźĪ⣬Ҳ֪Ǽ١
˳ͷԣԶɫ䣬û뵽쾹֪ˡ
ǡڶ°ɣ
ƳһۣЦ˳ЦȴǱɱһƬͶƫƫԸҲֻðȫ·ˡ
䣡
˵ʱֱۣ̽ңңһһϽȻ¶һؾڣһ֡
ǺȻѪ꽣ڡ
ң
˳ͷŭ
ǺǣΪʲôңϫɽ緵أҲɱ󣡡
촽ǷһĨŨŨĲмܸоѹõĳԹߺйԶԶ
ҪװѾŻĨˣ˷һͷ֮ޣ
ϹúÿţҲǾŻɣһЦּһɽϹڣ
ৣ
һӣһĨɫЮɲֶ֮ն£ǡɫӵ촷գնƺޱȡ
Ѫ꽣Уƽ»ͥһڸ߲ɲǼɫãĿ¶һ̫ʢֻҪѪ꽣׻ٵ
ͣ죡
ʮ𼱵һɲǣһ䳹ǵٿȻ쳹أһӰٿȻƾճ֣һץͽһɫ󱬣촷ۡ
һϮ忡޾ɱȻǳϫ
ϫ
Ѫ꽣֮£ϫϤӰ֣ԭھе»ͥ͵ؾһ񣬽Զޱȡ
ϫϻˣ
죬оˣ
ֹ»ͥǣѪ꽣еһھŻҲ˳ϫԶޱȡ
֮ǰͻ٣ʵֵ̿˼£ϫĳ֣˺Ѻڰһ⣬¿ϣ
Ҫֹ̫ۣ뵱ϫնɱֻǱһ߷֮Щͬˡ
侲֮󣬲ü
»ͥһָ߲ԣҲǿһǰıѾɽе̳ϫŸսɽʱѣ˴˼磬ǷǱĶ֣
һУ˵
һʱ֮䣬շЩٳϽסΪϫ

˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ӳϫ֣һĨҲɲʱѣ»ͥϳϫʱͬҲע⵽˳ϫ
ϫ
쿴µĶֺȻ֣Ҳ͵ؿһɲ»ͥǣϫɽ
෴ϫɽһ䶯µ¼ޱȣǸɽУԼֻ¸ˡ
ڡ
˼磡
ֳ޿ɵ۰µɽگ٣ϫأֻʹĳֽط˽½ģ
Ѿע⵽ϫӵеϢԼһͬڴ޽ɲΣһкξ壿
һ뵽⣬͵ؾһޱȣץ
û뵽ĶȻɽкųƾܵѧԺһϹŶأɲɵǣ˼磡ƾɽܣ˼Ҳ֮ƣ
츺ֶƮƮ
㲻Ҳһ
ϫ䣬ңң죬ɱ硣
֮ǰһ·ϿĻɽɽšݵһ洫ɽ塢
տʼΪĻ뵽һоǱΪ
һһϫͽסֳԹĿⱻƻĿľõ׶ŭ¶ģҲҪˣ
˵ˣ֮ɺԶһ
˹ڣ˵ĿһƳ˿߱Ƶĵ˳ͷ飬㿴ǿУ𣿡
˵ѽסЦвʮ㡣
ϫͶĵطˣĻӸ죬ֱһͶˡ
ɣ
Ķû뵽޳ܣ
»ͥҲĿõһĻԶסŭߺ֮
ϫĬˣ
ѹԼеɱͳޣֱãޱ˵ǣ㰲Ȼ뿪
ʱȻ˴Բѣ
һЦ̲סЦðβЦݣ˵ϫˣǻҲԣھ͸ҹ£ҷŹǣҵ֮ģ־ͰǷˡ
£
һŨŨζۣϫеɱֲƲסĿһʱ䵽˼¡
ˣ죬ȴ͵ȣôѵҪϽ£ʮϢ֮ڣɱ˶ˣ


1428 ڽȡʤ
ʮϢ֮ڣϫ¹ģɱ˳λϹŶ
Ű֮ݣһı죬в»ͥһھŻֱ޵ݶҧ顣
ɣ
ֱ޳ܱӵ˼£
ϫɫǱɱ˼£еɱ۽ڣȴòţΪ˳˻ڱУŶԷɱ

ЦϫԽԽǳ죬ӿһĨŨŨıС
ͷҵ֮ɱ飬ϫȴĴ֮ʣ滳ųزġ
ЦԴǼڿ೰֮ܡ
˵գ͵߬ס˳ͷĲʮϢʱϾ͵ٲ¹ģɱֱˣ
գһʱŵ˼£
һ̣»ͥһھŻ¶޴룬ߺ޵˼£Ҳ˼£Ͳ֪λǰΣ֡
ɫˮ˫Ŀ𣬽޵˹
ϫͬѿҪƲסɱĿű죬һ̬ǱЦݣֱ޲⡢Ѫ
գûг嶯֡
һ򴽣Ҫ¹ġ
ϫ
һĻŻ½Զ뾪
ӿһĨѪĿ֮ɫ̲סЦϫϫҲн죿߱ʦʱֿ䵽ز£Ͻģ
һ̵ı죬г쵽˼£ѹеԹ޺ͱ̺ˮϤйָо֮죬ֱ޷ˣ
ϫɱ
ɱˡ
Ȼڴʱ߬ڱеĵ˳ͷλطһĳ𣬾һɲǣԱ
¡¡
λϹŶԱɲɲ֮䣬Ͳһɿֱֲɢ˻ϣ֮ʯ촷ۡձ顢Բʮ֮ضһɲĴ֮С
Ƭ̺̳ɢһйڳš
ס
˭Ҳû뵽˳ͷ龹˾ѡķʽ뿪
˳棡
棡
Ż±޾ߺޡ
ͳͳ
ЩǱղʱͱ
ϾһĻ̫죬ѷŵ˳ͷλɱȴû뵽֮ǰһԣɱʱĶȴ˾ңʱһֲ
ɫһͲһϫҪԼˣƫƫأȴıʣԭֵһֱһԹȡ
䣡
ڴʱһɿɲϢƿնñɫһ䣬ٶ룬ּ̧һɽӲȥ
ֵǳϫֳһɽն
˿̵ɫƽĮȻ֮һƬ䣬޸鲨Ϥ˶֪ϫѶ˱ɱ֮ģ
أ
߶ԿײһɿֲԲʮ֮ض۳ޱȡ
ɽֶ֮Σ˼ɵƻ̫ˣһƻҪֲ
ţţţ
һУӰһΣɫ˲ҧȣϫĶվڣ
ϫԣֱֽϣ˺գɱ
أ
ٴαˣɫһףȴŭ
ɽʱϲǳϫˣɸ˼磬˴ѱͬһΣɱϫˣ޷ܡ
ֶΣκβĶˣ
һͨӿɫʥϢֲǴ̫Ͻ̵ķֶ֮ɱ顢ѡ
ԼԼأڱ챳ֳһͷ۹ڵӰߣһ񸴻һС
䣡
һΣӽ⻯ֶƺƵããиǺɫױڣضǣĩѽ١
һƵǾ񣬼ֱҪⷽҡ飡
ֶ֮
һѵѰ̫Ͻˣ
ֲ˼ɱ˾Żɣԭ̫Ͻָʹ
һĻʱϫǷɱȴƵӿϱ񱩣һ̣ɽϵһʧѻһʺѪĳߣڲӡһӰȻĹŽ
˽һ˲ϢһƴѪŭʥưѪ꣬ضʬ׹ǣ
֮
ɲ֮䣬»ͥȾŻһڸ߲ϳ˴˽ȻΪصһԿʦ֣֮Ī⣡
䣡
һ֮䣬ϫݿйƣɱöԷһһѪֶ֮߰˰ˡ
ۼϫռϷ磬Żһ½ԶܲѣٵӸȽǱǧУҡ
֮ȻԷ飬˽ĶãһĨԹһĨء
֮ר̫Ͻֶ֮Ϊ̫Ͻ̵ͽ֪ܲһ㡣
ৣ
ϫٴӿɱһֲɱޱȡ
ûͶԷϻһֻѶԷĨɱԼ˳ͷ飡
֮⣬ɲƬ̣ٴαϫһɣȾѪɫ쳣Ǳ
ô
Сѵƾʲô˼Ҳѹһͷ
ƾʲô
޾ԹͲʣݶҪҧ顣
һμϫʱԷֻһϰĴڣǴ޽ɣ
񡭡Էֹɽʵѹһ˼ԣϫƵˣȾ޴ֱѱƷ裡
ԥ͵طһŭһӣǰظֳһɫگӳճʥϼ
޿ɵְ䲼ķگֳַگ֮˽Խɽ磬Ϊûа취Ը㣿ֱǸЦɵ֮Ĩɱˣ
ɫޱȡ
һɫگͻȻɢ˹â嫵ɽһ·٣ҪĨɱа
£
һ̵ı죬һţһŴЦףһɽگɱﵣ
ûе͹ϫֻͣû뵽ϫͻȻھŻɣû뵽˼УսȻ˿ɲ
һɽگǰҪˣɽκ˽Խ˼УҲƲã
֮ϣάϵת񱻱ɽگʩչԸƽ޾š
ǣڴ˳ϫɫδһץࣣһɽگδƣͱϫһץ飬׻һƬ
췣ۣ֮ɵССһöɽگҲܹסңֱǰ׳֮
սˣϫڿڣɽگĶÿһֶ޴㣬ݺڱУͫţԲǰһУ


1429 ֶ
ɲ֮䣬Լ޾ϣɽگץˣ
ôܣ
ǿǴ֮ϫǿԿ
׻ˣԲǰһĻ̣ƫƫȴû𵽰ãͱץ٣ʼϲĳش£˭ֻҲ޷ˡ
֪ͼƬĳϫ췣֮۶Ӳָοһɽگˡ
ɶ
ʵǿɶ
ɫŤ׷͵һԾ˫ֽ֯ŸӵӡһɹصзͲɱ飡
ŭУתЩֶ׹䡢ٵɲޱȡ
һУϤɽ֮Уɱ֮һճͷеħ㣬ͷѹضڡ鱬ըһƬһƬѷڶ
¡¡
Ƭض䣬ĪҪ쾭γ
̫Ͻ̴Уֶɱ顢ֽ٣ԻţǬ£
һ̵ıƴȫҪϧһкͳϫƴ
֪ұ֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡
ڴˣϫη壬ӰȻУܻ֮ϽѪ⡣
нС
׽С
С
νС
޼еߴ֮ڳϫǽԲĽΪ£һɲǼϤ
ͣͣͣ
һ꣬ÿһռ֣ЩǧУ֮䣬ǵȻͻͺ󣬿þŻ˽ԶĿɿڴ侹ӵϽˡ
һиԵ֮кεȿֲ
ʱ˿̣ûܹݣϫһɵƻ
ƴһոʩչͱѹ飬ȻһŵĻҲ
ϫûкɱȴѶԷɽ顢ٻ
ⲻܣܡ
λ̫Ͻ̵ͽһڸܵһĪ־壬屻ˣ˺ѳһѪۣƤϵĴѪģ
ͷüëҲȫ˹ͷѪܣȫû֮ǰֲһԵʡ
ն
һ̣ϫʩչһ
ûκܹݣҲûκɱֵܹסһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͱնһ⣡
һ
һλֳɽگ̫Ͻеĸžͱնɱ
ȴݿֶΣǶĴ޽ɣ¶ԵˣȻǳϫ˼ʩչɽ磬ʥҲȻҪ޵
»ͥһڸ߲ԼЩŻӿһĻʱԶĿ࣬𺳡
֮ǰϫδʱ֪˱Ŀֲ˳λϹŶһ֮Уƾһ֮㽫Żɻٵ
ڣȴϫˣ
һԱȣȻʶϫӵеսѴﵽһַ˼Ŀֲ߶ȡ
ɲ˴ѣһޱȵĽ쳹ϫΪӮˣ룡ֻز桢˭κε˱ֶܱԪ
Ǳնı죬˿̾»һҫƥĺڹ⣬Ȼָ˹
һĻֱħֶζҪģ
Ҫ֪ϫһǽն⣬ѳƵɢˣɾգۼ䣬ָ˹ҿƣȻ֮ǰҪǿһ
ַħߣܸ
ħڳϫһ֮£ҲɣһһֶС
ô죬ѭȥɱģ
Ŀñ츴һĻŻ˽Զɲ
ֶʲôҩѵûֻ̫֮Ͻ˱ƾ˵˲޷Ĩɱ
ϫҲһݣüѣ֪ȵҩ²ǰ㣬ǿɾ̫ˡ
䣡
۸ñˣֶ֮죬һĸ
ϫǷ񡢲̡ѪԹĹ
ֶ죬ڤڤף͵һХٴһɱƿֲƺǰ׳Ƴ
һȷ֮ؼĴ׷ɢ֮߱
ڴˣϫ䣬Ϊ½磬̫ϽΪ׼˲ٱֶΣΪû취Ĩɱ㣬ɾ̫ˣ
˵֮䣬ϫֽϣͱӲһ
¡
ϫһoڣתܣȫŽ⣬
ƱǿƬ֮ٴαѹȥ˺һͷޣϫ⡣
жֶ㾡̷չޡ
ϫǰֳѹ֮ƣ̤һɽɳبų̣Ľ⣬ƣһնɱ˱ϡ
أ
֮ٴαһѪ⣬ֻʣһͷ­Ѫгһ˫޵۾ųϫ档
һĻ»ͥǽԶٴ˿һսһۣվףս˫õֶΣǳ˼緶룬Ҳǵ
Ϊɼҷţɽ磬˼ܹȣ
ȻȶԾгϫռϷ磬һ
̽һץϫͰѱԴץסϸ֪Ȼͷ֣ͷ­ϡ飬ȴһһֲ˼ٶ޸ѪǺ꣬Ǿǡֶˡ
ϧϫȴû취֪̽ҩΪΪһΪɬ֪ƷӵС
ϫɱҵģֹˣջţҲվᱻ̫ϽɱκκйصˣҲͳͳʣͷ­
̫Ͻ̣
ϫǷһĨ仡ȣͷҪвңģһһ̤ƽ˽̣ͳ
˵ţзصһͰѱԴ飬˫ִһɬӡšѪǡ򡭡ͳͳӡΪһ˶ĽɫԲ
ˣɴдԹޱȣϫţš
ҵȵֻ̤ƽ̫Ͻһ죬в֮ĶԹעҪˣ
ϫƼӿһƲײս⣬뵽һɫԲУһɫԲ͵ر顢𡢳׻ޣһսᣡ
죡
λ߳£Ϊһ콾ĸӢţλΪ˸Ȼ̫Ͻ̵̵ͽ˳ױϫĨɱ
гϫ֮ĶԹޡҲһ˽ᣬӽԺޱ죡


1430 طɽ
̳ȫž
ˣûиĿܣĿøղһԾ˽Զ𺳣þò
ֹΪΪ췢ֱ̫࣬ʱɸоһجΡ
Ǳ̤ɽţЮ֮˶ɨȫһ֣Ż½Զ
Ȼ󣬳ϫƾն֣˳λԱ
һжԵ˾Ķǣľ˴󱯴ϲʶþ޷ƽ
ԭԣûб֣ϫĻعԻŻɵĺ䶯ӭء
ڣΪ֮ر߰˰ˣΪ˳λ䣬ȴû˼ȥء

ĺɫɪ
һƧ˵ķϣϫƽ»ͥãöһ£ϫɽʱŻ»һǨʾݶС
ԭҲͬ򵥣ң̣ûټŻ֮̾ر̣Ŀ桢ǽ壬νԪˡ
£ϫһ𷵻ɽһѡ
öº󣬳ϫͣ㣬뵽Ѫ꽣С

Ѫ꽣֮µھʮŲ㡣
ȵ۽ɫˣȼյնŤһ統ǰɲϢ
ǻ룬ʢһ˶ͨ죬ޱȡ
ϫаһμ棬
ȴǾɣѲڡ
аˣΪ˸̤ƽɽȴڰ;̫Ͻһλڷ䵱
ǰھʮŲ㣬ϫҪجĸ֮
ϫˡ
ϫһִһԽ𣬸һео
̧ͷȥͼǻ֮УһӰϥһѪУһϮۣտüһƬ֮⡣
һλǫǫӣһֽྻ覣ȣһͽסһĨƽ֮⡣
ʺаȻͬòаһޡ
ǵ
ֻͬ˿̵ϢޱȣӰҲģֻ֮Ҫһ˾ͻ֧㡣
ԭϫԷʱмѣɵע⵽Ϣ˥ܳģʱʱһæʵǰôˣ
ЦѵˣҺа뿪ˣܶ棿
ЦƵᡢҲԽ񾲣ѿϲ
ϫȻѾ֪ˣ
ͷаһɲǣҾ֪ˣԹ˭ֻУ֮ˡ
ϫһʱԣ֪ôӻ
˱ʱҾ֪Щ̫ǿ󣬷ҺаܹԿϧаҵġ
̾ϷһĨײĿɬ
ȻһЦĿųϫҺãҾŻϫڣվһϣڵġ
ϫ죬ǰģһԹᣬҲȥ˶ϵġ
ͷȻϫŹϹ򣿡
ϫһ˵ƺֻЩʸ֮л뵽ǵС
֮񡭡
һɫ㱣һЩ£ðβ˵ϹԹ㱻֮ءųȣɡ
˵⣬ɫЩ粻þòԡ
ǰϫ̲סںһ
ˣ㴥֮صżԻףֻһѣҪִ֮ءʵ̫ˡ
ӳ˼ѣ̾пܣҲȥ׷Ѱ֮ءһЦֻǲʹֹġ
ϫɻأɿɫȻ˵ʲôҲֻܰɻѹС
ͨڷ֮еļʶٽϵ˵ԼܹоҪִϹƺˡ
ȻһоЩңԶҲԣʼ֮ʱͻһС
ϫۣ֮ܲһҲֻɵ³綯Ѳ赲ֻϣΪŻһƻ֣Żͳʹˡ
Ȼտտ࣬ɢһɻȡ
˫ָŤͷϫһЦ֮һҶվȲаѣյýѣҲʱ뿪ˡϫأ
Ȼѻһ̣
ƮӰȴҲѰٲ
ϫ㣬Ȼʧ
خǰˣһأȥѰɽֻ֮֮Ҫţվ֮ա
񣬵ҲˣһأԽԺ޷ˡ
֮ǰԣаа֮ʱҲע޷档

һ
ϫѻľŻá
ľŻ£Զϫ뵽ʾݶУԭǰϾ׼һˣɺȴƽ»ͥдϾ׼ңڰٶǰ뿪ȥȴ˵֪
óϫź⣬Ͼ׼֮׾ͣȻǲʲô˾ж
ǾȥϫҲܹµ˾Ųʮɽ磬ȻǷˣϫҲȷˡ
գһٳɡ
ˣ
һӣһܼɬ籡ݺύܻһطģ۳һͼ
ͼ⣬˸쳣Ѥá
ϫ̧̤ͼٴοһ졢ءǬշȥ
䣡
һ˷ƣ˺֮գһƽʱϫѾʧ
֮һʧģоŻɣ

κҪһͣ
ɽ磬βޣĴɫžһһ˵ϣˤ÷顣
пյģ֮⣬һλ뷢Ұסŵꡣ
˹Ƴһۣʧ֣ʧ㣬μƻҵĳı˭Ҳ벻еƾȻһСС
˶٣ǿλ벽˵ȡһСˣǻٵһҲ´࣬ȴ䣬ֻ˵˲ʲôɱﵣҵļƻ©
嵱Ȼȴû취һУλ벽ΪϹߴ֮һȲεĴҲʧһһʱڸû취
ߣκ̫Ͻ̵̬ȣ
ҧ˵
κüҪ˵ʲôȴͻȻһ̽һУ৵һһöƾո֣ץС
жҲʧˡ
еݣκɫҲһǸгϫСһȷöԸ
죿
һֿɲϤ
԰꣬һ֮ӵйͬĵˣ̫ϽԲʹưոݣҷؽһˣٴʱԻһ𸴡
κ𣬴Ҵһ仰㼴ƾնȥ
Ĵ𸴣ߣ̫Ͻ̣ҵҪϸôۣܻĴ𸴣
Ŀλκ뿪ɷŭƽɫĿ£


1431 
̫Ͼ
һ۽磬ɽϣ͢ϥһo㣬̬ߡ
һֻС϶ѣȴλ벽ͽеһλ̵ͽκ̣ñʧ
͢ڣƽһ˿鲨
ǻɽ֮ǰǱκκһ𣬶ͷæ棬ǳϫ˼磬ʵȻ޽ɾμƻ֮ʧܣϫи˳֣λ벽ֶΣȻˡ
͢Ȼ缤䣬ĮȻĽͣ
֪𷣣κͨһ򵹣֣̿ΪԼ⡣
ֻһ̵ͽѣ͢Ƕֶġ
ʵҲΪί˭뵽˼Уλ벽⣿ⲻļƻ©ֻгϫС̫Ź֣
СЯ֮ͼƬֺɽйȷô׶Ըġ
͢ĬΣĮȻڵ
˵һٿȻƬ쳹ʦ֣ǰ鹬
ͱʦ档
͢͵ңңżԶһȭųκڴ˵Ⱥ򣬱ȥȥء
κæֱ͢Ӱʧųһ˼⣬ٻΪ˺£

֮ڣ̤һ
һ͢أֻ˫ü壬һصӡ
֮ǰִ鹬ʱδ̫Ͻȴյ̫Ͻһ֮ڣ̤硣
ԭδ˵͢»ܹµóȻǺ綯йأڻԼ
֮ڣдٽˡ֮͢һȷĳ뷨
κ̡͢ڡ
ڡκһֱڵȴæ
ԭԶ֣Ҫ£Ȼˣٸһλᣬ֮ڣɱϫΪ˷£вɽеӣԿԽá
͢쿪ڣҪֻһص֮ͺͼƬ
ԣκ̾񣺡Ӷ
ৣ
͢һöƶ˳ȥɫϾס֮㻹޷񣬵ʱɱֱ飡

ɽ磬ѧԺ
һؾУ°׷Ļϥ
̵ӳǻԡ
ˣ
Ȼһ첨𣬶йâһӿֳһͨ
ԱĿ޵Ļյʱѣ̧˹ȥȻͿϫӰ˳
ˡ
պЦʵ
ǰ
ϫ֣ϤɽУĪһܹоӡȫָ
ƿĸок̤ʵ
鶼ˣ
ʵ
ϫ˵ͷ˼飬ȷԸһˣΨһźľûǰϾ׼ҺͰı档
ԺҸ㣬㳹յʴʱԺһ棬Ȼѷɽ磬Ǿ;ѧԺǱްɡ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭһ顣
ţס
ϫٴεͷʵԴ֪خ̫ŵ֮ѾԺֻ֪Լݡ
ڻǷ֪ԼݣͲˡ
ϫ˿ҲЩȳյʴʱܴӵԺе֪һˡ
ûٶ˵ųϫ뿪⴦ؾһֱ͵˽®뿪


ϥԼĶУϫһҲͣЪ̽һʾݶֲδʲô쳣ʱһ
ɽ磬ʾݶвֹŹͥС磬Żɸ߲͵ӣһɽ֮Ժ
Сǰ͵ڶʾݶӦӦòʲô⡭ϫĬĬ˼š
ʾݶǺʱڵ񶦣ÿһжһ磬֮
ڶһֱڤŶ٣ѽ˹˵ؾ磬Ϊ˴޾磬ɽУѹκδ޾ˡ
ȣ֮Ϊ磬ɲһ
ϫҲڶܰﵽԼæʼնѵڶԼһ·Ǳһʲôʱڶɳó
ʾݶȡ˹ͥС;Ż£ڶ֮࣬ͬʱҲԺеЩѽҲһ֮¡
ڣϫĵڶ̳ں͵ܵܳ껽̸
ʴС
κ󣬳ϫ˼תʶеһӡϣǱǵʴУϧȴͼƬ֣ƾγȥ޼¡
ˣ⴫ᱻǰȡѲƸںˣʱԿٳԼķ֮ʥˡ
ϫ˼ã˾ϡ
˼һֻܵò˶綯ͻȫ汬
ΪҪǣʱ衢ƺͱĳʱóϫᵽһ˿ΪΣյϢϺ̫ϽѶԼãųڳıŶԸԼж
£ϫиԼ
ȻҲԼĺȫ濪սҲʧܣΪЩѳıֶΣսԻͨǰ
Ů洵ʯҢ޺ޡӶţδ޵δ磬ɱˣǸԶѻһŵ֮飬ʲô⣬̤񾳣
ֹˣǵѧԺеա̫ȡŻλϹŶҲԴӳϫһŵ֮飬֪ϫϿսȻҲԹˡ
֮⣬˳Ա㱳ԯϡԶΪϫ֧ߡ
˵ЩϫڵѧԺѾӪԼһױԻɽ𶯡
ΨһϫľԼΪˣֻʥɾ磬ҲˣŻٳûս
Զĳϫԣ֮ȫΪֹΪ˸ϣҪԿ̫Ͻ̡ҪԿǼٵ٣
ͨһУϫҲ˼ȥ飬ǳбչ

䣬ȥ
ϫչѾȥʱ䣬ǳȥʮ¡
ɽ˶ԣʱ䣬ҲָѣʲôҪ֪ЩϹŶչһοɶҪǧ֮ã
ʱ䣬ɽκ޵߶ԣԶޱȣȴּΪȣΪÿһҪķ̫ʱ䡣
һ죬ͻȻãеĳϫ
ȥμԯǰ磿
֪⣬ϫһԯ˭ֻһѣΪλԼͷϣ


1432 粨
ԯ
Ϲߴ֮һԯϵһλĸɫʵϹŶһѪսѪɱ˸ɽ硣
Ϊպһսڰǧǰսԯһŭնʮλ൱ڰ벽εͳ죬һѪĳƺţΪֵܿܿ
ҲǴһս֮ԯӱչزֱѹȥ˰ǧ¡
˴ǰҳϫΪȥμԯ硣
ΪͬԤʾԯչذǧ֮ٴ䣬һλӵСѪƺŵĴһƹضͰ磬֪ɽĿĿ

ɳǣԯ֮̾ء
ԴϢԯ罫Ҫڶɳоٰ֮󣬽ЩһɽඥеԶ׷Ѷ
죬ԯ֮ʱ
ֺޱȵĴУƼͷܶɽصĶѵȺڴ˶ʱ
һŮ˲赹ˮ̴ӴڴܣΪÿһλȳ
ڴ˴α̫࣬󳬺ԯϵԤڣټϴ˴ٰصڶɳǣԯϵĴӪԯϴ˴ӭӵĿЩˡ
£СľԯϵŮҲʱ䵱һӭɫ
Ůڱϫضɳ֮󣬾ͺһ𱻳ϫżľԯУӵҲüΪʵƽ
ССڿг˵ԯ꣬ɻû䵱ӭɫټǴһɽصĴõҲЩš
Լڰһɫ֮£ֻܼʲô͸ʲôֹӭԭӦ̴ŮǸɵĶ˲赹ˮ̷һĻҲǾܵڰæ
С굹ίΪЩľԯУܵӻ͹գΪмһֱҲĻᡣ
ʱҺЩԯӵһӭͿͣлǼΪϲõġ
Ͼǵһθ飬һʱ֮䲻ЩæңкüβеĲյƱˡ
С㣬ɡ
һŮС̷һλʱִһյƱæǰڵ
û£㾡ȥæɡ
СͷЩ˼˵һתҪΪһλսı赹ˮ
ɾתײһλϣиȲ䣬ǶԷܼʱ˶Էϡ
澣·۾
λһ꣬һŮ˱ֱײԼϣʱǳ
⻪ͤӵܣͬʱҲǵѧԺԺһӵܡ
ϺԯϵĹϵôãǱϾԶλϹߴУ˴ԯ磬ϻҪǰһġ
ͤǴǰμģ֮һҲΪڲìأҲݣЩǶԿ˼μԯˣͤͱˡ
ͤҲϺԯϹϵãԴ˴ǰμʱҲΪԸģһŮײԼϣԼĿܻˣ
ӶԲ𣬻Ϣŭ
СæǸ

ͤü³һ֣һĲ䡣
澣ֱһ֣СٺõƢҲסɷףȴҶ˵ʲôԯ磬ɲΪԼƻϲա
ټ϶ԷܹμӵУݱȻҲǼΪСĸҺͶԷƽˣ
λӣСɲԯϵʹӣעһЩԴǡԱһ̴ӿȥˣסһ䡣
ͤɫһû뵽һ̴ҲҷԼЦС꣺ԯˣ
Сҡͷ
ԯĹͤ׷ʡ
Сٴҡͷ
ͤˣнסһĨа𣺡Ȼˣѵд𣿡
ӣˡ
һԵ̴ӼˣҪһСݣɻ˵꣬ͱͤǳҲμģɲǸЩĵĶĥģ
˭ĵĶ
СȻ̣ȴƾڮԼͤγԼٲǿɾͺڿˡ
ͤһ£ۼΧıͶپԼ˱Χ۵ĺӣͤʱˣ
һԯϵ˰ȻҲ۸ԼͷˣˣϵɾͶˣ
һ뵽һƺݺݵسС˹ȥŭˣûйأ
ͽԶû뵽ͤӦô󣬵ôȻ˷ҪһŮ֡
СʶҪԷ׵سˣӰԽԽ϶ܸоȳˣ̵ʹ
ڴʱԱͻȻһֻȵץסͤǺŭȳȥһƾôӲͣСֻһ롣
˭
ͤƺһ㱻ץϣȻɫ䣬Ťͷݺȥģʱʱʧϫ
һϮ忡ǳϫ
ԭμһģɾĥӲݣټⳡǰڶɳ֮УջǴӦ
û뵽Լյִ˵ؾͿԼʦŮС꣬Ȼ裬ɫҲһӱ
ϫ
ͤʧҲ˸Ŀⶼû취ɽֱ죬ڳĿû˵
֪ǰ忡˱ǳϫȻһĿע⡣
ͤҲ֪ԼղЩʧ̬񣬾Ȼϫ˵ϫʲô˼
أԱϫץţʹƾҲ޼£־ŭ
ʲô˼
ϫԱСļ򣬡ã۸ˣԵֻع
ã
ͤɫ䣬Դû뵽ǰ֮ǰΪͶ˲赹ˮŮǳϫˡ
ֹҲЩţʲôʱ򣬳ϫһã
ΨСһԣǸжǽţϫ磬ԯǰٳĪҪƽˡ
ãġϫͷȴֻһת⣬ӣȻҶ֣Ǿͷֵֻͷɡ
䣬һֱͤӱŤϣ籬飡
˻
ͤ۵õһҪʹϫĮȻҽгɱ㣬ԡ
Դƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ͤʱǿ԰סɫѱҧܺãҵҲϫܱQ죡
˵գԹޱȵص˳ϫһۣȻתߡôĳȻûٴȥ
ټҲΪĳϫһ涯ɱԼĻٶයҪ֪ϼ̳ն˳ϫС
ͤһȣ̫࣬ȻҺͳϫаˡ
Χ˿һĻнԶȲѣȻԯ϶֣ϫеǡ
ϫʲô£
ʱ򣬰ҲԶѶ


1433 ԯ
ϫҡͷЦû¡
ĳϫԣͤһұ۵ȷ£ɱͤκ
ɺȻĴ𸴣ȴ޷⣬ֱһһλԵɡ
Ļ᲻ϵλԯϵС͹Ѹղŷһкг
ǡȻС̷ͣ
֪һУʱ۾һɣջ˭ŵģһʦģ
пһŵ˵
ϫ֮ǰҲɻСԼԯϵģΪʹŮһĽɫģϫֻ
СȴһԵ͵ǣȱӭ֣¾æˣֲ֪ôԾ͡͡ˡ
ϫʱȻ̽С򣬿Цõ̾˿Ѿͷδ̫ˣԺɲҪôˡ
Сæͷ
ˣϫǰԾβμ󣬾ͰСߣһʾݶУһҲܹ;ŻЩԲ١¡ˡ
Ǹͤ湻еӵģȻԯϵĵҰȻͷˣ
أŭδϫμģȴԼҵϷ飬ܲˡ
ˣԯǰ磬ҪСӰԼ顣ϫȻο˰һ䡣
˼ա

һС粨ת˲š
ϫСͰһ˴һ£ƷҲΪС
ϫܹע⵽вĿⶼشԼĿв޶ٶ⣬ԺӶࡣ
һУϫ̹ȻԼԸ⣬ҲòϣɽУֻû˭ϵԼġ
ǵϫնɱա׺Ϲߴ֮һ˺Ƥ֮ɽеǴﵽ죬˲ʶĵز
ԯϣȻĹע
ǣ֮ǰִͤĸ첲˵ֻΪСһڶУȴЩѰζˡ
˵ΪΪϫϹϵ񣬲Ż˻ݺͤһ
ȻϫŲһ㡣
ʱ
ܿ죬һڴ쳹һ˴ӴһĿⶼ˹ȥ
һΪ׵һ߾ӣŨü絶磬һϮԼۣͶ֮䣬ɢһ˵ɱѪ֮ǡ
ˣȻӵšѪƺŵԯϹŶԯ
֣һڱͽԶɫһ࣬ϸԯȥ
ЩͶԣ˴ǰΪ˸ԯף٣ʵҲΪҪչذǧԯ˴ʦڵشǳĶ
ȻϼһѾˡ
ȺУһĵͰĻһУнס̾ԯԯ졢ԯƾֵ֮Уڳһλڣȥɽˡ
볾Ϲߴ֮һеһϣ˴ҲΪԯףٶ
һֹ̲볾ڳٴҲǴԯչֳжϳԷչذǧ֮󣬾֮
һʱ֮䣬ԯĿⶼòͬˡ
ϫҲͬȻֻʥɾ磬ɱɲֹһκߴڽӴΰϢΪһ۾ж˳
ʥɾڣֻ¾޷һˡ
ף޷һ仰۽ĲܹͬĶҲͬ
ϫ۽磬Ѷ˷񾳲֮ϣֱܹԯλҲ֮е顣
ֲ¡أԭԯˡϫ˼ԼԯϾٰ˴ĿģҪչ¶һԼĵ̺ͼ⣬Ӷﵽá
ȻֻǳϫƲ⡣
ǧδ䣬벻վܵõôͬǰأϷڴ˶лλˡ
ʱԯڴЦΪˬ
ͼˣҲæҾǰһһԯء
ȻǵأԵ񣬲Ҫ˾ǴΪҫΪһЩϲΧˡ
ڣһѶѷźһ񣬴ɸʽľг֣һλ˾ģվһԣһһԼԴ
ϹҼϣһԣ
Ϲҽϣɢһƿ
Ϲľϣ̫һף

˾ÿһ񣬱ȻһۺۣЩɶһؼѵһĹ屦䣬ֵûд̵ò
ϹҼóһ壬һԾ£ˣ˵ޱȡ
Ϲҵĵ̣ȻҲΪ˴ԯλӵСѪƺŵϹŶѰҲüóȹ屦ˡ
ЩϹң̹Ȼһһ񰡡
ϫһҲ಻ѣЩϵãӹɣЩļֵԾޱȡ
ðһ䣬ϫСѴ˴Щʲôܷҵȿۣ
ȻһԱ𣬳ϫ̧ͷȥͼһͷڵЦԼ
ֹ꣬ٱ͵ĿҲҪĿһ³ϫ˴׼ʲô
Ϊʲô˵ϫǺأܼ򵥣ܹݰеģɽ󶥼еĴϫһֻȼ˶ѡ
ϫϵöԷȴǺЦ˼µѾͳˣǰ֪˾Ǳṫ
˵ʵͰһִ˵ʱͽװн˰㣬Ȼɰ㽻ԯˡ
Ļشȴٱ͵ľǡɡ
ԭܼ򵥣ܹ񣬱ȻǾϸѡ̨ģ̫ͨ͸Ƶģ಻졣
ϫԱЩͣ˵Ҳɽ󶥼еĴóҲвûᱻġ
⵹ó󣬶ǺЩϹóһȣԵͨˣڴ֮ͥĻԼҲ޹⡣
ϫȻ˵˾ǻʱЩ͵ķӦŻ˾Щɡ
Ŷô˵ϫСΪ񣬿һѪ꺬ЦڣȴѴһ˿޵ļ
˵Ϊ˳һηͷбҪƴ
ϫСѣ˵֮ǰʶϷǲòһ䣬⣬ɱΪһʱ˵ԩͷˡ
һͿڣһָģ
ϫӣֻһѣбҪϸô


1434 ϲ
ϫһģһڱʹǵûֹ𾢵˵ϫ
ǸƣٲȻѳϫ˺̻塣
ӵܣЩﵱȻˡġؼڳϫʵ̫ˣǵɽһպһǡ
лָϫĲ㣬ܴˣ
ף޷ҲΪڳϫǰˢһˢԼĴڸУҲ̸϶Ķˡ
ܱҲֻһʱѣοұ֤óѹסķͷôôЩòʧ
ֹǵòʧôǵòٱͲ죬һȴҪЩϼһͷ»ᱻЦִ֪ġ
һڱһһԵָϫԶһǰ˹պ̬óϫһЦá
ֻһѣ
ϫЩ϶Ǽóܱ˾ˣ˵ףһֳԲ
ȴһЦѣһϷģ
ϫüΣȻҲЩϼһ˼ǸǱ粵һʷɣֻܱ졣
ҺЩϵĴﲢʲô⣬ϫǳ
ƿϫǲΪȻ˼һλͶʱ¶һɸֵģҪٴοָϫڴʱ˾ǵһ仰ʱע
һǵѧԺԺһӳϫͳ˱纱ب٣ֱֵ޷
Զ˾ǣ˫һУɫӣԼ֮ʣһӾͰע
˽ԶЩţѹ񣬰˵ҲһΪϡģϫ˵ãóܹЩ̹ϵȣ
纱
ب٣
ֵ޷

Ϊԯϵ˾ԣδȷ֮ǰлɹ黳ɣ˭Ҳҿȥˡ
һʱ֮䣬˽ԶĿ˾ŵϣҪǺεȱˡ
ʧǣ˾һ̾һǸȻؿڵڴ˱̫ˣóϫСͬ⣬˴α㲻ڡ
˶ʱȻȻֶ˿ҪôеıͱȲԯϴ˾٣޷Ϊһϫ
Ҫôеıȷһ¶¶ˣԲŻὫ
ôһֿأ
˴˾ǿеò𰸣ǰĿ׷˳ϫõú߶ʱΪ˴ĿĽ㡣
ϫȻԼͳȥʲôҲλ˾ΪҪ±ɲ˵ˡ
λǷŹСһɣϷԱ֤֮ͬϷϣľϲˡ
ڴʱԯЦϫΧ
˻һ˶ʱȷϣϫó»һ˲õĹ屦ˣϾԯһλڣΪ˴ǣȫûҪȥŪˡ
һȴ棬Ǳ﾿ʲôȻԯλսϹŶΪһľϲ˲õĺܰ
ȻΪԯ֮ǰѾ˵ˡŹϫԲƤȥѯʳϫˡ
ΨϫߵЩʹΪζ֮ǰǻ׻׻̻ϫٲȻһǰָģ
񵹺ã˵ûŪϫǺɹܳ䵱ѹϷһԯľϲ֤Ǻε֮ˡ
תı仯һζƵģջʹٲڳϫǰˢڸˡ
㿴һĻסЦһԼˮƵӶЦļˡ
Щ϶仯졣㴫ϫ
ϫʼ磬Σ췢ģûַʽȥЩˣʼնҵģ˭κΣ
ϲδٷʲôۣϫ;뿪û취ȫһڴһ̸˵صĳϣҲ岻ʲô뿪
뿪ʱȻҲСˡ

ڳϫշؽ®вãԯ˷ɽԽԺ˭ҪǺͳϫȥǾǺԯϹȥ
˻һƽףȫ𾪣
һҪʱ̣ԯԯϺȻһ£β˸棿
˶²⣬һֻǺͳϫ֮ĶԹйˣ
Ͼɽ綼ϫѾϳ˺ƤԯȻһ£ȻҪϫͷˣ
֮Ժϸҳϫ鷳߳ϫȥ鷳ԯϱȻԹˣ
²ģǿɾδ̫ġ
Ҫ֪ԯϣϣɶλϹߴҵĴڣȴΪһϫγ˶ԿϵȥȻɽˣ
ԯΪҪô
˴ΪϫԯϵСԯ㽻ã˼пԯһϹŶļ֤£޽Ϊ˵¹ϵ
Ҳ˴⣬ԯ֮ôӦúͳϫͳһйأϾʱԯҲ׿˵ϫһϲ
һλԣܹƵϲѰˣ
ȻָĴ⣬ӹɣԯһһȻʹڶԸϫʱٸѹ
Щ˼͸֣ĳϫƺޱʵӵеĵѴﵽһֺ˵ز
ȣǵѧԺԺӵһˣ츳Ⱥս˫ɽе죬䱾˵ʴУ
Ҳ˵ӵһݣδпܻƵѧԺԺְ֮
֪ѧԺɽһѧԺܹԺԹмɽм˵ĵλܹ͵ѧԺԺᲢۣ
ٴΣϫֻϹߴ֮һԯϵȫ֧֣һ˭ٰһޱԵһӵܣ
˵ǰϫӵеȫƴôڻõʴкͻԯֺ֧ӵеУһһ˾ηɫʣ
£ѺͳϫƲֻķӦ
ԯϺֻ֮Ϊϫһȫͻ
ѧԺأһֻľ
ԯϢ֮󣬿νһʯǧˣһʱ䣬ɽ綼ʼע£עеķͶԿ
Ȼһ˺⣬ԯϣϫͳǷ񾿾Ǻ
һгϫȴѲµˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڲμ֮ǰ͸ԯҲΪŻ͸ԯһľϲ
ⲻ滥ϸԿԽͶұֻ˫͵ĶЩװˡ


1435 ָΪ
®
ϫڵͷһ߼ŵľԯһϢĸִš
ǰģ˿Աߡ
Ȼ˴ҽΪ˵£
ϫһŹֵؿ㡣
ƲƲӨС죬ڵ²ѣѵ㻹뵱治ɣ˵ţתƳ˳ϫһۡ
һתķ飬һ˵ζ
ϫɿһæתƻ⣺λҪлˣ˵ʵܹõԯϵȫ󳬳ҵϡ
㲻ǻ͸үүһŵ֮ôٲʾʾǿɾ̫ˡ˵
үүϫȻԭԯǰүү
ûɽ綼֪ƫƫڲףֱûûΡ
ϫЩգȷûôעĳҲ֪ԯϵСĸסĸס游˭ɴûȥ̽
ǲĶԷоȫûҪͰ㽻ãɲΪԷжôԺա
ԡȻϫҡҡͷ
ʲôԣü
ȥμʱѾԯϻ֧ңʱҿɻûüͳһŵ֮ء
˵⣬ϫһؿŰ㣬㣬һֱиɻܷҾΪҪһֱң
ڳϫ̫ˣɰͼԴʶһһֱĬĬԼֱ񣬸ԯϳΪԼ̣װͿȥǺֹûûΣֱ͸Ĺûʲô
һ̵ĳϫǰδе棬տտðҲסһң֮ӡ
ͷü΢ӨһƬ֮ɫԵúԥ
ϫûżŰ㡣
һʱЩš
ðΣһҧݣ̧ףûص˳ϫһۣĹĵðɣҸ˰ɡ
ϫЦҲڱ㣬ֻǡ̫ˣȥԺֻ»ʳѰ
ʲôʳѰҿһĲҲ̫ˡһҧҧӨĴ̾ʵȳѩʱͻһеġ
ϫ۾ʱԲˣһѵԼĸйأɳϡ
ô˵أǶǺܾ֮ǰˣʱҸ׻ԯ֮ѩһɽ紳
һջǰһ渵öڶлصݡ
ԭĸףҲǵԯ֮ԯʱҲѩİĽ֮һΪ²ѩķģԯҳߣӰظѩ֮á
ϧǣ仨ˮ飬ѩһֱԯֳܵԯҲһ㣬ЩȻˣڿϧշת֮޷ѩģġ
ԯܵҲǸӣһ֮󣬳׶򣬲ٳѩǰ֪ĺѿ
ֱǺѩ̶˴Ů޽ԵҲһ׮ϲԵ
ѩǴӦˣֵһǣʱѩɵϫĸ׳ûг֡
֪һУϫ°Ͳϣô˵֮仹пǡָΪֹϵ
ָΪ֣һĨϼûҸ׺ĸ״ɵЭ飬ʲô£
ϫͷֻЩ𾪶ѣһж߶Ůӣ˵Эô죿
ȻҲں֮ǰ˼⣬ԥȻ䵱ֵܺý¡
ϫȻ⵹һ⡣
ߣɱΪɵؿ㣬ҪΪ¡
㽾Ƴ˳ϫһۣҴӸ֪µʱоͺǷŭһûأô͸˸£ҹҳߣİǰ˼硣
ϫȻʱò˰ɣ
ߵǵȻҵʱһֱ룬ʲô취ݺһ٣ԹԷ룬Ҷ治оͰɱˣ
˵⣬ݺݵ˳ϫһֽۣסЦЦ۾ˣҺõҼʱӡ󻹲⿵ĲҲóԣǿǿûʰ㡣
ϫǰȻģ
ȻҲ֪㿪Цĳɷ־Ӷ࣬ʵӦñˣҲܺý˵˼ʱΪλһֱڲذԼ
ԯ֧ԼȻҲеԯгϾհԣԯҲǺԼĸѩһˡ
ʶһ㣬ϫȻЩԼλδıϵˣԼĸ׵Ϲϵļ̳ˣ֮ŮĴڣԯȸﶼû²ķģԼϵΪһ˼СʿȻӮĸ׵ķģʵ˵ð
ϫ΢΢̣һӿһ㣬ߵǲΪҸײ㸸ף
ϫһЦʲôñȽϵ𣿡
ƲƲС죺Ϊ㸸˼һСʿҸ˵㸸ɺܲ򵥣Ų㸸װѩ̹ء
ϫһݣԯܿԯϵȻ˵Լ׳򵥣ʲô˼
أЩԼŹйظ׳Ϣ
ǵþŻƽ»ͥԣٿһʢᣬ˵ʱ룬ɵʱʥƽƻӣһǰڤϣĿıΪıȡһʥǳ
ǳϫĸѩãƻ˱ᣬȴѩһһܣǳϫ׳棬Źƻˡ
ҲΪһԹƻһǷ˳һ飬Ҳˣ˺ʥصȴİ´һؾɽ顣ϸ748£
ʱϫԸ׵ӡ󲢲Ϊ׳ʵܹ֮ǿ󣬴벻ĸѩİ
ٺϫ˰磬Ӱ˽⵽൱£Գ˽Ҳֻ࣬óϫһ㣬׳ʵԤϵĻҪǿ
ֱɽ磬Ŵ׿е֪ԭ׳ڵִɽ֮ѽ˺ŵأ̤ʥ˵˲йظ׳Ĵš
ϧϫִŵʱٴκ͸ʧۣ֮õҲޣǴʱԼףԼĸ׾Բˣһվ޷õӡ֤
ʱӰе֪׳õԯϼԯܶΪ򵥣ϫǵûʲôȻʵĸоˡ
һˣ
ֻһѰ˼Сʿ²ĸѩķģܽŵأԯܶΪܲ򵥣
ʵɲô࣬ȳѩʱܵõҪĴˡһԿڵ
ϫʱӳ˼ѣͷᶨ˵Ĳҿ϶ĸ״βоȳģܿ죡


1436 ʵ
ħףʥ֮ܺ
ɽβۣɽպһΡ
ϫ֮ǰʹӰе֪ԼĸѩԴӱץɽ󣬾һֱβС
ͬʱϫҲѾڲһڰշĸѩԵȵĶԷΣˡ
ͬģΪԯɽ֧Լһ𣬱Ȼϵķˡ
£ϫĸҵˡ
ķӦܼ򵥣аæʱʱ̹̿עڲһʲôڲͻж
浽ʱҲζҪϳսˣ
Ȼ֮ǰϫֻܾĴڵѧԺץһʱʵΪӪĸѩ׼

ųϫдҴ뿪жʱֻʣ˳ϫһˣһûκγɣ߽ǳ硣
ʥ֮ϣҪ벽ΣҪʱ䡢ռ䡢ߴ֡
ϫϥĿ˼ͷǿպ嫣ǻԣװܣʼһʥϢȻʢҫ졣
ϴδ˼緵غǳǱʮ£ڽһƳ뵽ʥ֮У׿ٳԼġ֮ʥ
֮ĳϫΪĻǴﵽʥɾе۷ԲزƿؿԼʥ
ʱͶʥ߼٣һһĪӯŽ̻̫֮ʱڣԿɣ¡
֮ͬУĳϫٲκζ֣ͨ׵˵ϫѾԳͬȾѹһеĴˡ
ⲢǿţҪ֪޵ͱͬ˽ٱɽ޼ߴУԲĽΪֿٳԼķ֮ʥһۺһս֪кεǿᡣ
ҫޱȵսöŽ˸ˣϫ۽ǺͬѽĿⶢ˷֮·ϣԲ˶
ףĳϫУʥɾֻʥ֮·ϵĵһѣа벽񾳵һ߷Ҫ
Ϊ˸ϣǶԿ̫Ͻ̣ϫ״ˣгıУΪһΪΨһһ̰塣
ˣֻɱȥˡ
ȻڳϫΨһҪģΪ벽Σ

벽Ǵʥɾ֮һˮ룬ƺֻа벽֮ȴȫͬն
ˣҪʥɾ벽Ҳô׵ģ෴ʥɸûκϣΡ
Ҳ˵ʥɾУֻʥɷʸȥʶ벽ѶȲһĴ
ԭڳ벽ʱȰǰľʱ䡢ռ䡢ɽ
Ψв߷һ˿Уղܵң̤벽ż֮У򼴱ٿ£Ҳֹֻʥɾˡ
ʱ䷨򣬳ϫһ֪
򣬳ϫͬһ֪
Ψڿռ䷨ϣϫƿصһΣյĿռ֮ѴﵽˡռĵزԺͰ벽ˡ
ԶĳϫԣҪ벽ֻҪʱ䡢߷򣬱ƾϡ
ֻȥʱַ򣬶ǱȫգҲô׵ġ
ڣϫϥǳб㿪ʼԼʱ䡢֪ȴûκͷż˵ȥˡ
Уȥֻװ˷ʱ䣬˵֮ڽ벽ˣٶʱ䣬ֻҲ޼¡
֮󣬳ϫ͵۾üͷ塣
ļƻУΰ֮ڱ̤벽
ΪУڲìܺͳͻҲڰ֮ڱ㳹ױ£޷벽Σܹ˵İȥϣҲֻΪһͣ岻֡
ɲǳϫ⿴ġ
գϫǾȥѧԺеϹŶһ쳵վ̫ķʱˡ

ѧԺĥ塣
˵رǻܾǱ֮ڡ
ĥ죬ǡһ񷣬ɽһһݣʯɳ֮СǿУԶһɭȻ⣬ޱȡ
Ѱӵǰ޷̤˷һû취ǵȽֲ̫һӲˡ
Ҫ벽
ĥۣ֮ϥĻջȻƳ˳ϫһۡ

ϫͷ֮㾶ֱ뿪®ҵ
յһֱǹͳĬģϫԼûʳϫΪʲôұ˶ԼҲûʳϫŸսʥɾʱ䣬˵ʼնûκηϻõϫȷϺ㾶ֱ
˵գת˲ƶȥ
ȸɴ磬óϫҲæ׷ȥֻнסп˭˵ǰýӴˣ˼Ȱ

ͬʱβޣС
һԯϣΪһӣȻϧ϶Կ
ֺУݶҧ飬ǿǱ߬˷ĩɼ˿Ǻε֮ŭ
峤κˡ
ڴʱһܼģ߳ڴ⣬˵
һУһɫ˲ָƽֵκ
£ۣŵκ̱ƮȻЦڵ峤˶ŭΪԯϵһķˣ
ߣκĪǿЦˣߵ
κʩʩȻһУЦˣǡǡΪǽˡ
Ŷ˻Ƴ˶Էһۡ
ʵѾ˵ʦһλǰԵһЩȫЭ϶ȹǰѹأ
κһţֻҪԸ¼˵һԯϣٶԯһҲκβҡ
΢Уⱬκã̽κĪǽеĸҪִ£
κҡͷعധ⣬ֻһ䣬Ըһ
ߵҲУҵ֪κͼʲô
κһָֻһ֮ڣ³ϫӣ
˼򵥣ü
˵䲻ĻΪɱϫӣΪ»źκ˹˵
֮ǣ˵ãҲ֮ԺǺֻΪ˴һͬĵ˰ˡ
仰ȷɫ΢΢һ͵ͷãҿԴӦȰòҪͼȾָõõĶˣ
дһ˿ζκȴûƵģˬʴЦѡȷġ
˵ţһѶһƣȻҲ֪ʦɽаŲӣЩӱΪ̣ʣһһԯкξ壿
ԣʱһеķһɨա


1437 ʱ֮
峹⶯κ̳ȴѴ̽ϫһֱѧԺУҪɱֻҪһЩرֶΡ
ˣ񣬳侲
κ̱վ̫Ͻ̣ѴӦأԻһ˿裬Ͼ̫Ͻеʵ̫֮˭̫Ͻ̺òһЩˡ
κνرֶΣʵ
κЦЦܶ𣬷ʵڲìأ֪кδ㣿
ʱüβ˵ìվǿԻģô
˶٣ȻЦȻκԸһ֮ϱȻݶġ
κҲЦˣȻڣвӦĵ
˵⣬Ǳ˴˽˶Է˼޷ҪȥѹڵķͬҲ˻ᣬϰ̫Ͻ̵սϣףҲһ滥ˡ
ǳױ̫ϽƿأǹӲһ߿̫Ͻ̣ǾͿǱ˴˵ֶˡ
Ȱڣ̱չжȰڲˣκ̽ʵ
ǺǣκαżأƤЦⲻЦ
ʵ˵ԵЩˣɶͳϫӵĸѩйأȻˣԵԴΪҪЮȳϫԹ
κ̹Ȼ˵ôȰƽңܹҪЮϫӣҲһ˫ãֶΪأ
ĬãȻʵҸͻȻҲʦŵӰӰɣ
κһ΢΢УβȻʧЦγԣ
ߡһκκʦűȻȻҲųκκҲñΪܹ鶼ڹˡ
κɫΪصͷӦõġ
ǲ֪κɷ֪񾿾˶ʵ
κЦãܶܶ࣬Գ볤աġݼѧԺеϹŶǵж
˶٣ȻֻʦŰɽеһѣҪиɨƽһϰ
ԣĬãճڵȻˣҲκˣӽһЩҵʩѹʱҪκˡ
κͷЧͣ

ڵ죬հݷ˼ϹŶһˣ̸á
ϣٿ飬һڸ߲㡢ϹŶͳͳټǿԽ𣬼ڲֹڶһ֣ϳͲ壬ɱۣ
˻һһڸ߲𶯡
ڤһ֧ѩĸ߲ԶŭޱȣڤʾǿסٲȻͬĬľٶ
˶廰˵ĺʵӽֻ¾ҪʼչѹжˣѹĶȻڤΪ׵һˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ļ̻̣һҼױס
ڤǻԴ
Ȼᡣ
ҲѲ²⵽һ㣬Ϊ˱ұڵ죬£κ΢ЦһϴҰС
ҲֹκһˣгաݼšѧԺһЩѾõϹŶԼһЩ޵İ벽ڡ
һ£㿴ˣ֮ǿƣԭѻһ֧ΪǿԮ֧֣
УһɣķС
ȹؼʱ̣ȴû˸ȥָ壬ΪΣվϵ󣬻վٺһϸ߲ǶĬһУ˭ȥָ
ڤǣԭ˴ѹĶָָء
ȥָ𣬷˰ѱ˵Ͱһѹˣ
һϵжڤһڸ߲սԶѡ˳ĬûκεķƺҪˡ
ȴ˲ΪһûнȥѹڤˣȥԣڤǵĴһ
һײЩˣ
κ̸Ľ顣
ȴ⵽ֱӾܾΪ뵽һ׵İ취ȰڤǵĳŵȨջǵĳ֮λȻøƵֶΣһһ
һѪͿ߽һڲΣ
ȻЩӵӲͷҲչ¶һԼĺһ档
ôֻҪķѺܳʱ䰡
κ̵֪Ĵ󣬲üѣʵҲôʵҲδھԼԼʦ͸С
κļʦŲ˵ôֻҪڰɱϫӱԣʱ䰡㹻ҽڲķˡ
Цκ̼򣬳־
κ̾˿㲻ٶԣȴЦߣ̫ϽȾָһϣ赲ģҲգʰ˳ϫӣʰҲ٣

£ɣһƣѤϼ
ϫǰһУһƬĵĴ̿ϴѬˣһţ̲ިʫ续
Ժֲõġʱ֮ȫʱƣҲʱ䷨ʱڴ˾޹һʱ䣬Ҫʱ֮ԴӴ֡
յأڶ쳹ʧ
ʱ֮
ǻΪϫ׼֮أгӯʱܹ֮õͿϫ컯ˡ
˿̳ϫվ֮أǡʱ֮еһƬ֣ļеġ
֮ȷ֮ʱڡ
ϫڴ˳˼ãҡҡͷٶ롣
ΪѾԹƾʶġȥ̽ƬأѰٲһ˿ʱ֮ĺۼٶҲ׷
ԣ粻롣
˫ָ̧ųǰȥһ֣·һ彭ˮ̤ˮǡĿһĨбգϼȾ񷡣
ܿ죬ҹɫ٣ǳȽȽؼOO@@ĳҹϰϰӰ涣쳣
īҹտž֮䣬ֻгϫȻһһ·ǰС
ĽƽʲôҲ룬һ·ۻɽˮ羰ϲ˾ϸϸĦϲˣʹҴ뿪
У
ˣ̧һݾնһ¾ơ
ʯ١ɼӰҹөеķˮеŪĶ
ȥˣһӣɽˮͥһ˲
Ȼҹɫʾһڿնɢīҹɫؽ뵽˰磬ʱӡ뵽ˡġ
գڣʢ졣
һϦ֮䣬ҹĸ̾õȴš
ϫףһҾƣЦЦ̬⣬ͷɢ󲽶С


1438 ʱ
һȥľľҶһƬ㡣
ϫǰУ֪ƣԷֱ߹＾ӭ㡣
ٻףɲǼ䣬ǰȫá
һƬһ֣ţľިѬҪˣǴ
ϫվ֮أȻ̤롰ʱ֮ĵطȥ续һ֮ǰ
һ·ǰУչȻף⾰ڵʱ֮ãȻĥ
ϫãҰеľȻ˱仯ġļľ󲻶ϱ仯Ͻ
ֱ仯ҹͰ֮䣬ɽˮ羰ıǨУȻʢɪ㣬Żߡ
һšĺɵʢҶİ䡢ǶľĿήԶӯһʱĺۼ
СɲǷţָϡ˵
˿̣ڳϫУļ桢ҹת١²ɣʷǨͳͳһɲǣӿͷ
ȻʼĿ˼ͷһɲܵı仯а裬ȥӯһʱ֮ۼ
ʱ
޴ڣ
ϲǨٽĪ̺ʱ֮ۼ
ʴˣʱ貶׽ϫԸܵʶȴ޷󼰣Ӷ޷õ
ϫżһ֡
ĴᣬУǡ򡱡
ͨ׶ԣĶԵĸ֪Уᣬ
أϫĹڳţͣξȫĳڶһʱ֮С
죬أΧһж·ֹ
ͬһжѱϫǣʱ䣬ҡ
ľУ˺Ȼ׹һ޾ʱԨеʶھȫڿţ
֪жپž֮ڲʱ֮ʱһȴһϦͷٽ
ԭڣʱ֮һ޷õʱ֮ķɣռ
һгϫڸ֪һʱۼʱ㳹򵽣ֻ޷ͷ
ǰģһ޾ʱԨ򵽣ɳɣ򲻵ԪעʱԨš
֮һ̵ĳϫʱ֮ż򣬲Ÿոտʼ

ʱ֮⡣
°׷ĻճĬһȴ֮ܿŵʱ֮еһС
ϫʼʱ֮һɲǣ͵΢΢âþ˵ԣ
ȴҲס΢΢
ȲεĴڣƿʱ֮ϫʱ֮ĲŸոտʼ̱Ȼޱȡ
Ϊʱ
ɲ֮䣬ʢת˥ԪݽߣҷҲɲ֮䣬˻عǰʧȥӵеһУ
֮ʱĿֲڣչʱԺľԪݹʱ԰һλǿ߻ع鵽׶״̬
ֲֿܣֱʱ֮󡱺͡ʱ֮ݡ
ڣһ֮䣬ܰһ˵ԪɲǼľҲһˡϻͯһӵеΪҲᣬһλǿ߻ع鵽˴֮·ԭ㣡
д˱֪ʱ֮кε֮ɲ
λԿΪ˴˶ƿʱ֮ǵҵ³ˡ
ȷ˲ãֻ칦ѣѴʱ֮ż
ڻ΢΢֮ʣһº͵ȻڶȻŤͷͿ֪ʱѧԺԺǺߡ
ʦ𡣡
ձȭ
Ǻһᣬȴӿ²ɣϢһƬǿգ˽ס֮⡣
գ˵ϫҪܲõʱ֮ǺӺЦʵ
룬˵׼
ȷӴ⣬ԭͨЩ֪ȫ޷óȥϫˡ
һ̫Ϊ޲ϣ£ĸȥݴˡ
ǺЦЦǺ⻪յ˼ұƿصʴ֮֮һģϧʱңòǰһЩ׼ˡ
һݣʱңѵʲô·
ǺȴûжԴ˶˵ʲôֻ֮ڣ۳ϫܷ벽Σشһ档
˵գתȥ
ȴʱ䣿ΪʲôҪĪǰ֮پҪǰˣ
һ뵽⣬ס

ʱ֮
εʱ֮ϫ֣Ԫһǧ¡
ĳ棬Ϸ̳Ҳ죬Щ˪ζΪһʥɣģᣬԪļ£ȴ޷Ρ
ͷʼɺڱңлҰס
ļϣʼӡһµĹϸƣڲɣ
һжΪһɲǣʱ֮ܣһֲֿޱȵٶԪ
˺ų룬վڣͬ伫ޣȻϫ񻹲ǧ£ƾʥɾΪԪ֮೤Ӵʮϰ
Ԫٶƣֻ²꣬Ԫͻᱻ͸֧ݽ߶
ʱ֮Ŀɲ֮ˡ
ϫ޷аô֮·ֻҲͽֹڴˡ
ϫȴδ
ʱӿ׷Ʈ㣬ղɣһڷбʴĵܣţĬţȴ޷赲µĴĥ
ȥʮ¡
ʮ꣬Ѱ˶ԣҲָĹ򣬵ڲʱ֮ĳϫԣȴԪ˽һ룡
˿̵׷˪ѩ忡ȴһĨĳɣϢ˿Ϥϫڣֻ¶һĻˡ
ɶԳϫԣ¶ʮȥɻȻ仯Ĭţš
ʮˣһ㶯ҲûУ
ʱ֮⣬ü뵱ʱ䷨ʱҲֻķʮ£һʱ֮ʱ֮֡
˵⡰ʱֻ֮֡ʱߴеһ֧Ƹƿصġʱ֮Ӱһʱվ̤ʱżˡ
ϫȻķѶʮ£ֱʱҲһ޶ûղһ˿ĸо
Ҫ֪֪УϫǸľƫƫȴʱ֮ƺ⣬޽չⲻòûյġ
ĪЩ֮ˣ
üͷϫŸսʥɾʱ䣬ڲʱ֮ǰϫŸոտٳԼʥ
Ѱʥɾֻ֮¸˼е벽棬ƫƫϫˡ
ϸϸҲòɣϫȥʱ֮ǶǴˡ
ţ
ڴʱһȻ֪ʱ֮еĳϫϣȻһεʱУ
Σȴӯʱ֮ת֮䣬ó͸Ĺʱĺۼʵʣ


1439 
ʱͿռ䡢ߴһ֧
ܹδġʱ֮Ԥԡܹ豹Դġʱ֮ݡֻʱ֮Ӱʱ֮֡ʱ֮ᡱʱ֮١ʱ֮ܡȵȡ
֣֪ʱܱ֮֮Ϊ߷֮һ˵ˡ
Ѱʥɾڣֻʱ䡢ռ䡢һ˿ƾϣ벽硣
Ҫǰƿߵ⡣
֮ĳϫֻǽ벽Σڲʱʱֻһ֧㹻ˡ
ռ䡢߷ĲҲͬˡ

ʱ֮С
ʱ͸Ĺڳϫͷתɢһɹʵʵʱ֮
һɲǣ˺Ȼʼһɱ䡣
ǲ԰ѩ𽥱ںڡ
ǲɣĳգҲʼᡢӨ󡢰Ĺ
ŴԪҲʼһֲ˼ٶȻָ
֮䣬ϫģ±ԭӣȻѪ棬ʢ
ৣ
ԭŲĳϫʮڵһĿ㣬˺գһ˵ơ
һ̵ģʹǰһȻͬʱ֮еĽʯƾ纣µĳˢҲ޷һ˿һ
ʱ䣬޷ٲա
£ٲ֮
ƼӡѺڡ
ʱ⣬޷ȥںδ
ʱ䣡
ϫૣɫ񾲣ϲйӰǻ۹ܿϣرԴ
ͣ
ȻһӣɲǼ䣬ųǧƾն֣ͬһʱӲͬλ
Σͺǧٸϫͬһʱ̴˷һһ㡣
ʱ֮Ӱ
ʱ֮⣬Ŀƣ޲ѡ
ֶΣԲʱ䣬ûӰһɲǼǧ˷ɱȥͬһʱɣӰӶƷ˼š
Ƹ̴˳

ϫ̽һץǳǧϰٵĽոȻڰ͵ؼ٣ȸղźֹһ˵ǳ䲻⡢˴ֲ
ʱ֮٣
һĻһʶУϫһ񣬶ǲõʱ֮
ȻȻջع㿴ϫٴζֱ֣ʩչˡʱ֮ܡʱ֮֡ȫµʱ֮
һ
ԻյĹĮ飬һҲסݣһʮ£ֲͬʱ֮磬ҲҲɣ
ǡʱ֮֡ʱ䷨ķ֧УһһɲĴڡ
һʩչʱ֣ƾҲֻʧתУȫٿ֮У

ʱʱ֮һ󲨶ϫӰ˳Ҳ𺳵Ļա
ǰ
ϫֵ
£һջǽסʵ㡭ʱʲôˣ
ϫ룬ʵش𣺡ֻǳžɣǵʱʱԪ̫죬ܶһЩ
˵вһĨź
ȻԣʱУ֪˸ָʱ֮飬ֹǧ֮ࡣ
ϧΪԪֲ̫Ҳ͸֧Ҳֻܲеֱʱ֮Ӱʱ֮ܡʱ֮١ʱ֮֡
˵ԪѾָҪټѾٻزˡ
˲áԣΪص˳ϫһ䡣
⻹Ҫлǰҽʱ֮ҲȻ޷ܹڶʱƿˡϫЦ
ѹȥʮʱ䣬Ҫʱ֮ǿʼ⣿ʵ
ʮꣿϫһȻû뵽һ۾ʱʮѾҴҶȥˣ
һʮ갡ַ˶£
ԯǸСѾͷЩ͹򡣡
ǿϫ˼һѶʮ򣬵ݸ˳ϫ
ϫҲܻʲôһһ
еݺܼ򵥣ϸ¼ʮйڲһУ۵ľڤһϵ⵽ϵѪѹ
ѹһֱڳհõϢ⣬֮ڣڤһڸ߲㽫ױʳ
ϫȻԼĸѩܹ֮Ȼ񣬱Ϊӵڤһϸ߲֧֡
ЩȴܵѪѹóϫҲЩأԼĸѩĴѾʼˡ
ΪϫǣհϢԣԮпܱ̫Ͻ
ˣҲζţϫҪϸ𣬲ɱҪ̫Ͻ̵в
̫Ͻ̡塭ǾȻʼˣΪʲôѵΪ˶ԸԼ
򣬳ϫ뵽˼֮С
ֱ֮һԺٶ롣
ϫԼֳıŸϵļƻͬʱҲڽܹڳıŶԸԼԼĸѩж
Ǳ˴֮仹δκʵԳͻʵǱ˴˽Զֶ׼
ǰڱȥ֮
գϫ˾ƻδʮ𼱵ĵزҪģǾǿԼ
ֹˣҪȴȴԼľ٣ڸʱƾһ˵ԲܴԸ
ҲζţҪȴʯҢ޺ޡӶЩƹضҪȴԺԺ̫ȡ氽Ż䡭
ʱܹЩЮ֮ƣϷ棡
֮޼ѰȴһΪֱӵİ취ᵽУ̿Щ̣ȷҪڱ㿪ʼ򣿡
ʵɫΪ֣ء
ʲô취
ϫвЩëܱΪ̵İ취жֲ
У㻹ǵڲڣеľɣ̴֮ºսһȴѪȺͲ̡
մǹųϫ֮߷֮һҪõȲʱ䡢ռߴҪѺա
ϫ˼ãЦǰָҡ
Ƴ˳ϫһۣɡ
˵գһӣЮųϫ˲ʧ
ϫҰ»ָʱһƬУȥããһƬʲôҲ֪
ǡ硯вʮأÿһضͬһֻأֵܼ󣬻С
ԱߣһּΪĿ˵ǧס޳򲻿ִˣ
ϫһݣһ˵ͷ
ռˣٳɣָһӲ˺ѿһ϶һͻȻſԶ޵Ѫڣһӽϫû


1440 ˥֮
磿
ʲô磿
еʮ˵ʲô
ǳϫһ˺ѵĻѷû֮Ժнһɻһ̣ʶʱģһƬڰ

ϫʱͿһȹŴǰ
ϸصķţŤɬϫҲ޷ϳȻҲû취ŵа
ȻӦþ硣
ճϫƲ⣬һȹֻ֮±ʮеĵһˡ
ûż룬뵽˳˼
ڵڵʹŵʱͲڣڵĽ߶Կսڴض
ʱһּΪ̵֪
֮䣬дֲ
Ϊ߷֮һ򣬲ֻ֮𣬻֮ܿܿ£˭Ҳ޷ƽˡ
ܹ֮㲻޾Ϯ
ôʲô
ϫ˵ΪδõԿʱҲִ֪ܲη޾ء
ϧȫ¡
Ҳעô׾ܹõġ
ҵҪʮ˵ؾˣ֮ôգƺҲʲô
ֱľƽϫϣûٳɣ̧߽һȹ֮ڣӰ˲Ϣʧ

ʱ󣬴Ҵš
Դӳϫ֮󣬱κѶ
ȷе˵Ӷʮǰϫ롰ʱ֮ʱ䷨֮ͳǵҰˡ
˵ѧԺԺǺӡյȼ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ϫȥҲûκйسϫټϢ
ַϣһʱۺʹ⡣
˵ϫڱչء
Ҳ˵뿪ѧԺڶ֮̽
˻ɣϫʧǷйأԭ֪ɱա֮󣬳ϫѺͬˮ
ϫȴʮûټⲻò˻ɣǲϰɱ˳ϫ
ȻҲֻǻɣϫ汻ɱֻµѧԺһӦˡ
µǣѧԺԳϫʧٲΪκα̬̬ҲòΪϫʧ٣ϲʲôֱӹϵˡ
ҲЩۺʹţڳϫʧЩУŵĪЩѡʦˣɡҶơ衭ȵȵȵȣҲЩԱ
͸˵ģĪЩͳϫоĶˣЩвϡ
෴ڳϫʧżľ̬³ǿɲųϫԵ޹ʧˡ
ϵ峤ΪϫпƣΪ׼
ǳ˼κһ𣬼ӿڷߵж̶ʱ䣬ϱλ߲㳤ϢԶʧˡ
һЩλԵ͵ķߣҪôҪôĿ֮Ӵ޷ͳơ
ȷϵǣ֧ѩڤһϵѾĲ֮£ܵ˼ΪصĴٷֱıԵ

ܿ죬ǳϫʧ伣ڲĲϾ䣬ʽעΪڳϫ伣ĵʮ꣬ɽΪһ˵Ϣ붯
˥ٹޣ
λɽ缫֮أֻɽǧŰһѰĽ򣬿񣬰˥٣ȴһù޳ΪɽĽ㡣
˥٣Ҫˣ
ȷϢʵԺɽһһµжϣǾһѱݳƽ٣ͽϯˡ
Ϊ˥֮Ǻƽٱ֮ף
һʱ֮䣬ɽĻ̻̣ҹıжһƬƲҵķΧ
ÿ˶һƽһϯʥϣħݽ棬˭Ҳ޷⣡
ζʲô

սң
ѣ
Ѫȣ
Щ׷㳤˶ԣƽٵĽ٣Կһĩհѣû˭ظ֤ܹһƽнҴˡ
Ҳû˭϶һƽٲᲨԼ
ҲˣԵһƽɲͺˡ
һ̣Щ޷򶨣ץһʱıһУΪƽ׼

С㣬ȥˣ
βڤٴѩ翪ڣǵѿҪ˼ٲɾͳʧȥлˡ
ѩ˿̵ɫҲóأ˵ЩһУȻľƶжôĲ
Щܼ꣬ʧ˶֣
һʵ
ɣ
ڤΨһҵǣһϴ֮Уδܶʧֻǡ
ֻʲô
ѩüʵ
ֻǱ仪ǶˡѾվһˣ
ڤɬ
ߣ⵹ҵ֮УҸʱҾ֪һǻľֻû뵽ǻδһֳѻ𼱻վˡ
һѩ侲硣
ѩǳڱ㶯ְɣ˥֮٣ƽټϯ磬ǡѡʱ֣һһŤתǬĻᡣ
ڤڣüһĨɱ֮ɫ
ϫأЩ껹ûϢô
ѩãȴǺȻһת˳ϫ
ûС
ڤ̾ϢҡͷҴ¿жϣСһӦŬ׼ЩʲôҸ˼ѹ岻ЩȻӿϴѹж
ѩԣӷһĨײ󣬴΢΢ЦȻˣǾжɣ
Ӧʹ죬ڤһðβŵͷãȥ׼ˡ˵գתߡ
塣
ѩȻסڤʵ˵ҲѲµֻѺ̫Ͻ̹һˣƾ㷴Ҳûκȡʤա
ѩ㡭֪ˣ
ڤȻԱ仰һֲΪͷûѩ˵̫Ͻκ̹һ飬ǵʧȥͷ
ɿǰΣѩѲµһ㡣
ûʲôò²ģƾǽС΢飬ȴѹж
ѩ侲쿪ڡ
㡭
ڤ졣
ģԲʹĻ䡣
ѩЦЦɫݶᶨֻϣεжܹ֮ȫȻ뿪ϣ塭ѲֵôȥΪ֮
ڤһҪ˵Щʲôȴѩȿڵ㲻ٶ˵ˣΪһӴĻ֣㰴˵İɡ
ڤɫòѩãҧѩ͵ǵĺϢɣ
˵գȥһҲٶˡ
ѩˣǵûзģü䷴ƾһĨɫ˽ڤ飬ֻ֪²ᰴԼ˵ȥˡ
ѵѾ޿صĵزôѩૣɫ価Ȼ˸֮ɫ


1441 ʥ֮
⡣
ɫ࣬ϥһʯ
פڴʮ꣡
Ҳζţϫѹȥʮ£δһ˿
ʮ꣬δմκӰ죬ǰڹ޵˥֮¼ͬ޷մٴ
ִȲ֮ѿ޳ԲΪһϯĺƽٿҪ٣Ҳֻһ١ѡ
ȹ
Ȳֺη
޷

һ죬ԭžĻУȻ۾
һɲһдŲһӰٿȻ˳
ˣȻǳϫ
ڳˡ
Ŀ⳯ϫȥʱͷ֣ʮǰϫ˿ٴηһ־ɱ䡣
ԣ忡һǳ¶ӯһɡ̿գԲ󡱵񾲴ʡ
ÿһ缡ȻӿһصϣһͷŨܵĺڷϣһƵϣһţ͸һֵ鱾Դɵơ
ԶԶˣͺ񿴼˴֮ڣޱȡ
лǰ
ϫЦ֣һһһһĪһɵ֮Ϣ
Ѿˣ
̲סʵüһĨɫ
£ʮأÿһضһֻأ뵱в֮ʱҲķϰ£ʧУ޷ء
Źȥʮ£ϫ߳ⲻòûп֮Ȼ޷ó
Ȼġ
ϫЦԺвٴʮһУһʱ֮ҲЩ㱡
ʮ£ʮֲͬʮ˸Ȼֻͬء
ֵһǣÿһֻУϫԭеǻۡΪ飬ȫɱε
򵥶ԣʮУԼǳϫ
һΪһ׺쳾еʫ飬һĽ֮󣬱ȻǱĸϿ·;ϣżȻһɽҰһٻŮƥ磬һӰ˶Է
ϧ˹;İλŮΪΪĻĹϵձһϺշҲ򰮵ִ̫ţէһ˴̼˶ʱ裬Ϊ˽ͷһؤججҶ֪֮塣
ֱ˥żȻĿһǡԹ۹ڣ࣬΢ǡóģС
Դˣһ򣬴ЦȻš
ڶϫΪһĽҪĨƽ²ƽ¡
ΪһޱغСУһ֪
ΪһѪĵ

ʮ˳ֻأʮֲͬ˰˿ѣ鳢˴ϲ󱯴ֲһ֡
ζΨϫ֪
ҲΪϣ͸޳ϫնƿصС
Ͳʱ䡢ռߴ֮ͬΪرһԴӡУȴ޷ƿء
ͽв֪֪ԡ
õϫȷĴ𸴣в֮̾ͺñΪƿصķ֮
˶٣ֻ֮⣬ųƵԼ֮񣡡
ϫ˵ͷҲףܲսϣǶһƿء
δ֮ǰͺñ沨˳ӵĲݣƿ⣬Ҳˣ
õʱ䡢ռ䡢ߵУʲôʱ벽
ʵ
ڡ
ϫ˼˵գ˫ָȻһЦӿһĨտȻʢ⣬ֱҪƾʮеİء
ڣ
һ
һ֮ʣϫȻָΪʣһ
ټ򵥲һ⣬赭дɵһ£ȴһصķŴָ籡
һöſƼΪ򵥣ʵɬأϸȥܴпɽӡ쾭γޡľʯرǨʷ²ɣȫܱĦ
һöţȴӵ
ϫĿⶢһöϣʥ֮·£Ը˷һԵ֮Կƾ;
һת̧һֱ˷ϣ
ɲǼ䣬ϫͷһӦӿȫ
һ̣ؼһɺʥ֮£ʥɾڽԶУĿ˵ѧԺڵķ
ʥ֮ģ
һԣĿһУбԣɫѴһĨ𺳡
ʲôʥ֮ģ
Ϊʥģ
Ϊ
Ϊʥ̾ѧ
Ϊͳ
ֻҪﵽһ֣ͱԳӵʥ֮ˡ
ʥɾʥˣԲ£Կɣܹӵʥ֮ĵģȴһبź
Ϊ⡰ʥ֮ġĳ֣Ҳζбؽٳһֲ;ķţֻҪ߲վܹȷţǹ
񣬳ϫԼʥ֮ģԳƵǡΪͳ
ͷķԸһһʥ·ϵԸĿꡢԼһֶҴļᶨͺ
̫ʱڣһλӷˡҲ˭ĴԸӶ磬Ƴ羴
ڻ֮ʣųϫһָһö̺ʥ֮ĵķţ˶ʱһ
䣡
ض쾪
֮䣬һ嫳ʢƥɹ͸ֱһ·ҡ֮ϣӲײڤ񷣬һӿ⣬ҡǳ
ݺأ̼״飬ȻĪͨң
ڴ֮£ɢǹк£ҫ䣬ϫԡС
һɲǣϫٿնХǬض˵Ȼڽ
֮䣬ϫӵеƺ֮ǰˣͶ֮ӵһ̰˻ģ
벽
һɲǼ䣬ձжϳסٴξ̾ǹӦƣǬ˷󣬴ڣ
ףղʳϫʱ벽ʱϫ᲻˼شڡˡ
ӳϫ߳磬ٵһ̤벽Ҳյ蹦ѣ
ζʲô
ζųϫУѾ߱˳벽ֻͣһƾҡϣ
ϸϫ벽ʱ䣬ʱ֮ʱ䷨ҲŲʮ¡
ʮ꣡
ݹ۹Ž񣬾Կһ˫Ľٶˣ
һУϫȴ޶پϲΪִܹһԤ֮У֮ǰһУֻ˳Ϊ֮
ڽ벽󣬸ķ츲صɱ䣬ϫɲȻһĨϲ


1442 ƽ
벽֮󣬳ϫܵı仯ԭɫʥ֮תΪһɹ
ÿһſֲޱȵһƵѹɽ֮ռ޷ءѵ棡
Ⲣ֮Ѿ߱һ˿ƣȫʥɾܹġ
˵ʥɾӵеһƬƺƵô벽ӵеĵǿ
űʵĲ𣬿࣬Ტۡ
ϸŻı仯ϫҲ׵Ϊλ˵벽ѹһʥɾǿˡ
Ϊŵȣô벽߱ΪߵĲΣ
ı仯ֻǽ벽֮ĺô֮һ
֮⣬ϫҲõչһƬѨϾͺñеǳǺӡ
ѪҺꡢʱ䡢ռ䡢߷򡭡ΪתһɱԴ
Գ
ǰ벽һ
벽ӵеĽ֮Σ״ʱǽˡ
Ȼ벽ֻа벽֮ңʵ֮ɴһǵĺ蹵ҪԽ棬һɳܿܵĴˣ
νˣˡ
ϫŸս벽츳ٳȺپޣûµĳû˵ļӳ֣Ҳû취ʱż
ˣܹѶ̶ʮ½벽Ҳóϫе֮ˡ
ϣ
ڳϫ仯ʱ򣬻һһ͹ӵɽڣ޹⣬һַ豹ʣȻǳϫĽ
ѽ벽˱Ѳȥܡ
ֽݻ˳ϫ
лǰ
ϫһĨϲɫϸĦţս˼磬ɱѪѳΪ˳ϫһ֡
عԼУϫÿޱȡ
˽ֻɱãֻ»¼һһѵ
ϫ˵ͷѴĵرΪľгһսعʱ䳹׼һ
ǱƼɽһ齣ߣԼԿ𵽲˼á
ˣ
ڴʱһƬٿȻһͨչ˳ϫǰ
ռˣʱϫϫԺ롣
ϫһԺҪټң
нסӿһĨԺǺӣǿһλɫʵͨ
ڻõʴʱڴܹԺǺı棬ڼ֪خǵ֮ѽԺǺԼˡ
֪ϾܹüԺǺӣܲˡ
ϫȴһ˿ɻΪ֮ǰտǸ߹Ψгյʴ֮ǺӲŻͻȻǰˣ
Ҫ֪ΪͼƬĹϵֱɻδյʴأ
˥֮ɽ磬Ԥ綯ڼԺҲòıˣȥɣĪҪ˼ҵȾˡ
ڽһʹߴٳϫϿж
˥֮
ϫпһһɻ̤һͨٿȻʧ
ռˣҲڴ˶ת뿪صԼǱ֮ĥ塣

ԯ㣬ǰݼǰ
ڻշĥĵ磬һȹŮĥ֮⣬üһƬ֮ɫǰ㡣
£
ԴϫʱɫһֱΪºͣɶԴʱָֻһֹĮģˣǰ㣬Ҳ޷ܵչˡ
Щ갢ʱһЩмйϷһЩԳϫΪãԻյҲδܾӼ㡣
԰ͣҲ޷̤ĥһˡ
ǰҪͳϫһ棬ڲд·ϫԽ֪һ֣ƾͶԽ
ɿ˵ɫеء
͵һĨ˵磺òڲìܳױ˰ɣ
ͷ
Щ꣬Ҳ˽⵽ϫ֮ĶԹΪ˴δϢζʲôڵõĿ϶֮ʱף֮ϾѲٵȥˡ

ûκηϻŰ뿪ĥ塣

һֺޱȵؾ
ɡ١Ȫҡ岼Լס
˿̵ĳϫϥһϣɫ΢΢ЩȻ
ʦܣ
ؾһкк˲ǱˣǵԺǺӣ
óϫȻľһʦܡ
֮ǰڼخʱҲѲ²ԼѧԺСʦİţףһжͼخйأΪخһֵɽһѧԺĵʣ
ҲΪ֪ףΪԼԿ˵һݽѧԺʱûøϹŶԼΪͽΪϸԣǵʵʦֶ˭ʸΪͽ
ҲԺΪҪԼĽΪй¶ݣ֮ǺҲµݣԲŻôȫǴһֹ֮⡣
ɳϫû뵽ԼȻ˵Ժʦܣ
Ǵȥֻɽ˶ɣ
ʵϫ侲룬Ҳ֮УǺܹƵѧԺ֮ǰҲȻ˵ʴС
ʴУǼخ£֮ǺӱǼخĵ֮һһƺԼһʦҲˡ
˿̵ǺӣͬϥڳϫһʯϣһԱɣЦųϫ
ϫɫָƽſڵλǰһΪǵĹϵҲΪȷһ顣
ϫ΢΢æǰ뽲
Ǻӵ٩ǰĪ㲻ʦˣ
ϫЩȻʦĪֻ֣ЩӦѡ
ҲЩȻʱʱ̿ڹע㣬ȴδֱӺı棬ԺӦˡ
ǺݸЦЦɫһ˵ϴη½磬Ǽʦˣ
ϫͷ̾ˣϧȴδһ𷵻أǶ뿪ˡ
˵ţԼ֪һЩϢгһһ֮ǺӣôҲΪʱѸǺӵݣԲٰѶԷ˿ˡ
Ҿ֪һġ
ǺһУĬãŸпɫȴһĨȻҲ֪ʲô
ϫҲΪźخ뿪ҲЩᡣ
ڴʱյȻؾ𡪡ʦ𣬵м
Ǻüͷһӣһ̣յӰѳؾС
ż
չֵʦ𣬴ºͳϫйأڲңѵ˿̲ݻĵز
ʲô
ϫɫ䣬һվ壬ʵ˻
ҲԯҵСѾͷؾ֮ţ㡭
৵һȻ˵꣬ϫѼ͵سؾ


1443 Ȼ
ųϫҴҶȥղüÿоѽ벽ˣ˼꣬ǳԹ֮£ȻӰġ
ǺӼˣȴǳգôһڶ
˵ʱǱɣӿһƬĺ󣬴͸ǻ۵Ĺӳ档
Գϫ߱ƺǱϽһսȻŤתǬ
Ⲣǿ󣬳ϫֻǰ벽Ϊȴӵֲ֧֣ɽѧԺԯϡ
ۺֻǶԸһϣԳѹ֮ƣɨһˡ
ԡ
Ǻԣȴҡҡͷ̫Ͻ̵͸ϵһһڶѳƿأȻҲͱ÷ͬѰˡ
ʦеʲôͬսסʵ
Ǻ̾Ϣӹվ壬ӿǻңңԶҲ֪˥֮ǰˣƲ⣬һƽҲҪ֮󱬷пЩŹ֡
ʶʲôһŨĽü͵һʦΪ̫Ͻֽţ
ˡ
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üһккθɣ
˵⣬һ׹رӿһĨ⣬ѵ̫Ͻ̰һеڶ̫Ͻϯµĵһ
ǺӲδϣȴ̸⣬Σ˾ϣգȥʦһһɣ֮ʣҵѧԺԲ⣬ο»ǣʦ塣
ʦ壿
һˣٹĮҲЩȻΪɴδ˵Լʦһλʦܡ
ǺӼģʱӦЦգ˸˵ϫʦܣȻҲʦඡ
ϫ
Լʦ壿
ɫһͣԴû뵽ǸһֱһһڹԼΪǰСһȻԼʦˡ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
յֹһ뵽ԼԺҪƺϫʦ壬оһ󷢿࣬Ų찡
ô㲻Ը⣿
ǺЦʵ
ҡ
æֵʦûұȥҳϫϫʦˡһ仰˵Ťޱȡ
ǺӼˣһЦֵȥȥɣСһҪʱ̫ȡŻڡˣԿһ֮Ϊȥ

ȥ

ǰڤΪ׵һڸ߲㣬׺һϵ˺Ƥҡ
õϢڱ֮ǰ׼֮ڤǵķ뵽֮Уսһͱһϵɱʮһ벽ڣܵ˼ΪصĴ
ˣڤһϵױΧ˳ȥգǱؽȫɱ
ϫҴؾ֮⣬Ӱе֪һУֱ׻þ޷ع
һж̫ͻȻճϫԭݣ֮ڣĸѩĴ̫ܵвġ
˭뵽һұʱ侹ǰ̫࣬δʼȥһͻȻ䱬ˣһӴһֲ
еһз꽹ѹȥϫԻָ侲ɿʵ㣬Ǳ
β
㵣ǵؿųϫҲܸܵ˿̳ϫ̼ܵҰް㣬ڶһɱϢ
ββǲĸױĵطô
һ뵽ĸѩϫһأɫǱ֮кâӿ͸޾ķŭơǡ
ٵˣ
ɫһĨȻҧ㣬һæֻƣֱӵִŮ洵ȥ֪ͨŮ洵ʯ޺ޡҢӶλæ˵ҳϫصļ󣡡
˵ţһ˰С
һδӷ֮򷵻ʱϫģһֱֻŮ洵Ϊ졣
ȴûаճϫȥüųϫǳϫ֪ľң黹δ޷صĵزţֻӰж
Դĵһѵϫ
ϫһ类˽һˮеѹƣóİɣ㣬Ҳġ
ϸӳϫãüһƬκвδɣǳϫˡ
Ҳ֪̬ͷһȥŮ洵ģңȥһи֮ףԯϵһǰ
УҪһ
ϫҡͷ̬ᶨҲٵˣһҵһӶʹ࣡
Լѵˣ
üŭɣûϫ˷ֱǴԣˣһƳԷϣˡ
ģҿɲɵȥƴֻȥһû취ġϫش
㡭ݶҧ顣
ȻˣǾҺһȥɡ
ڴʱյӰƾն֣ĿԴĿ˳ϫһۣа⣬СһòԼûƺʦɣ
Զˣһ̵ĳϫĻ˼ƽЩԸԼǰҲòѣֵǾǰˡ
ǰ͵һֵӦõģʦѸһУʱ̫ȡŻڡλԻǰ㲻Ϊ˱
˻ϫų侲Լղŵʧ̬вЩգֻʯˣȻѧԺлϹŶ԰Լġ
ԺǰǱɣ
ϫƺԼǰһŤüԺҪǰˡ
ϫһһĶͷԼǺӵʦˣΪǺӵͽȻҲͳΪԼʦֶ
óϫƺʦֶҲеܱŤ
ϵʦʦֶ˱֮Уʩչ˲֮뿪
ˣҲֳųϫƣҴҶȥ
뿪ѧԺ֮ǰϫ˼ȥշ˽®һˣСǳ
ôҲΪԼһ·
ҲԿϫһٵսѱ֮ģ

λ٣ȴĻԵҲעҲʱһ½ˡ
һؾУǺ˫ָǻ纣Ŀ⣬͸գֱĿͳϫͻ뿪ѧԺ֮һĬڡ
ƽѰȴһƴ֮ңңѧԺͬϹŶǱ֮ء
һ̣ڱչеĻ̫ȡ氽ŻڣԺԺͬһʱλoڳ˯ѡ


1444 ж
Ǻ˵գϥһȴƾһ˿þ޷붨
üͷһ壬͵۾ɫ𽥱һĨء
ĳԶԵ淨ٲգСѵıɣ
Ǻӳ𣬸ⲽһӿǻ۰ĹϸȥУȻĬĬʲô
˽ΣĪ֮ܿ
֮ǺӻȻֹܣ⣬ֱҪޣš
١١٣ۣ಻磬ݲãȥһ⣡
ﵽǺȾ磬ͨţ֮䣬κһ˿쳣ף
ǽ١ˡǡɱ
ǻ֪Ҫһ⣡
ǺӸŲĶȴȻֹüӿһĨȻȻЦˣйͽ١
䡣
һ޳ӰһĨƵģƻãӳؾУһݰףȻһĨĽʩʩȻ˳

̫Ͼ
ɻɽ۽بŲݣӴ档
ɽۣ֮͢ϥ⣬ȼղ񷣬ƺ֮
棬ѵɽеĺӾλҪʮλֻһɶǬ
Ϊ۰κκ̴˿ȴڵأڡ
ǣôĵӣְĺҲ
͢۾ڣɨһ۵ϵκ̣νҪӣָЩ̫Ͻ̰ɽеİ벽֡
ӣ̫Ͻ̰ɽ󶥼е֣
ÿһźӣԶ̫Ͻã͢ûʸִ£Ͼڣǣ̫һ¶ɽһУ
ɽҲ֪ĴĴڣɽ簵жڣҲֻЩеһС
Ϊʲôˣ
ܼ򵥣ǿߣɽУάϵһ˭Ҳױ¶ˣ
ͺñɱﵣԽأԽһ¶Σշ粨
̫Ͻ̶ԣЩӵĴڣ͸ܼˣҪ֪ЩУ඼ɽ󶥼Уޱȣһ֪̫Ͻ̵ӣǻ˵ã
͢ãκһס亹ֱæ棬ҲΪ˾ɱϫص֮ͺͼƬκΥ淸֮ġ
͢ȴǺȻЦˣֻ˵㵨죬û˵ˡ
ϲŭ޳
κжۣ͢ɲ˵
Σ͢ЦݣĮȻʵ
죬ֿɶʱѩԼЩԻᱻ̫Ͻƿأϫ
κæش
졭
͢ૣԺвǰЩӽ֮ŻعƳһ۹ڵϵκ̣ˣһȥȡ콫°ˡ
κæߵ
䣡
κ̸ոһȻӲ˺Ѷ£ϹʢŤ羪һϿֲơ
һɫ̫ͻأŵκ̻һ£ڵأҪ֪һλ벽ڣȴһĨųɼ⾪гкεȿֲˡ
һκ̣һ٣㻯һٷɫگڰС
ϡܹɫگϢŤ򾣬ɬϣȴͷųʧɫơ
һɫگ͢ɫһ࣬͵񣺡͢
ʱѵŴʼжɡ
һڤڤĮ޸ٿȻ쳹֮䡣
ͨһκ̱һϢ壬˫ϥһֱӹڵأ
ӵ
͢һ˫ţһɫگӭУС
ˣؼƣ
κ̴˿ҲعǱ亹͸нס¡ǿ϶ǽֲ˵ãֲð
㻹
Ǳصκ̣͢üͷһ壬ȳ⡣
κһæתҴҶȥٲڴ˶යһֻ֣δЩ棬νжʲô
ৣ
ͬ͢ûͣӰһʧ

βޡ
ɽһβͬżΪĽڼƵܿܿΪʢ
ʱ䣬βȴһƬȷѪ꣬ңڴ˵ܿܿԶֲ̿Σ
ԭڣϹߴ֮һϣ񳹵ױң
βΪ񣬵ΪϣȨΪǿĶٲȻͬβ޵ף񳹵׷ң֪ɵƻкεȾˡ
һҲӣβ˲֪ٳѪɱ춼пֲսɳǱ٣һֻ޷ͳˡ
֮һڵĳͻνǣһȫβҲ뵽һ֮С
ֵڳݣԽԽң
ûֱ֪գһѴﵽΪҵĹؼһ̡

βɳĮ
ԭɫɳĮΪŨѪɫ񷡢ءɳԶѪˮнݹѪȾһС
ԶԶһһƬѪɫ
˿̣һս
ɱ
һֻͻĴƾնܵأݺĴȥնá顢촷ۣޱȡ
䣡
ʮɫɽֱɷݺնһֻͻĴϣײһɿֲನԲʮڵһȫ촷ۣռ飬ڶƬ
ܣαڤ粻飿
һ࣬źУһѪɫսЮ֮գնȥƥ㣬Ǭն顢ѣ
ߣҪϻԸ̫Ͻ̵ĹҿɲԸ
һ˽ӲִգݺݺҶ£񱩣Ӱأ
ļ۷սβɳĮÿһ򣬶֮ˣȻеĸ߲
һսģӵŰ벽Ϊ
һʱ֮䣬һƬضս֮⣬ձ顢޾ɢܣ㶥ɱźɨʮһж뵽һҡ֮С
ԶԶȥ̫ս֣ħɱս֮ʮء
һĻʵ̫ɲȲεĶԾҲʵ̫ˣʥɾǰֻȴһУȻ³
սΧһȺңԶĲս
Ϊ֮ǣӺݣȻϵ壡
˿ɫĮȻԶսȺš
Ϊǰ־Ʒչò˶ʱ䣬ǰһҵսͽĻˡ


1445 翹
¡¡¡¡
βɳĮϣս죬ɱշײϼشƣ촷ֲֿۣ⼤Ǭʧɫ޹⡣
һսѱҹβɳĮÿһѪȾ񷣬ѪɫŨҵսѪȡ֮
磬ɽ۷ǿ֮ĶԾֻѻ֪ٵɳǣͶ޹ˡ
ҺβɳĮǧΧ֮󣬻ޱȣʶ޶ӴУһֲսûл޹֮
ˣһսĻʱβɳĮֻ±ؽսиʧ䣬ΪһƬ֮ء
ˣ
ս֮⣬ϼҲԹ죬սˣڤһϵѱݿ߰˰ˣΨʣһСڸ翹
ߣͬҲʧپ϶ԣЩȫĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ɸ˲ܼ򵥣һսվڲĳͻ۵ңԶˣϵѪͬУ˭ܸ˵
֮ƣȻȡѪֶˣ
û취˭ЩһԼأ
ޱ飬ңңԶսսдĲҺɱŭвκһ˿ԹܹɴߣĸѪ飬ĺ֮
νȲƱˡ
ϣλϣͬȡֶΣϾһìӰ쵽˼ڲȶԼļ֮λ
ԣô
Ҫ֣͹Ǻԣ渴Ҳûκˡૡ
峤ֻʣʮˣڤأڸģ翹ʧ벽ϣʮ벽ͻڳսƶҷȫռơ
ڴʱһƾնֳ֣˵
͵شӳ˼ѣĮȻѹܷһ

Ȼתȥ
ϲˣƣһʱֿɶһԵκ̼ˣЦزѡ
ԣȴ΢΢Щȴǲ̲⻹Ҫлκְ֧
˵ţƳһκ
žλɫ񣬻ϢɬޱȵӰǺɫһ˸޷ŵ˵ģԵüΪء
λض˱ڣ̫Ͻаɽ󶥼еĺӣ
ͨɫȻˡ
ЩضɽаĽɫȴκδ⣬෴Դκ̽ЩӴ֮󣬾бþޱȡ
ЩضܼоŸ֮⣬κ߻ʮ벽ǿߣЩǿͬźɫ̫ͬϽ̰ɽеӡ
֮κǿУоλڣʮ벽ڣһɿֲۺһԺɨɽЩˣ
ܲˣ
ֻΪ˺ϺһɱϫԲʲô¾κ̫ϽڶԸ˳ϫ֮˳Ҳ͸ˣ
Ϊͽ䱸ġ
ʵԸ⣬κĳԸұַ֤ӱɽǰһսˡ
˼֮ʣκٴЦڣüӿǿҵš
ˣվڲ飬˲ֿ˵ȥ
һݣȻܾ
һսܾ֮κָЩ˾һԸڤһͽ
ԭԣϾԼ飬űȥ¾Լˣ
һպܼȼ֮λЩֻ»Դֽˡ
򵥶ԣ˴֮ԴӦκ̺޷Ҫ̫Ͻ̵ȥ塢ôЩԼԿˡ
ҪЩʱǾ̫ϽģĵߣΪľǷ̫Ͻϵ͸ƿء
ˣκ̲ٶԣȴЦѡ
˾ٺֹ޴ֱǴԣΪξܾԼһֻǰͱѹƽˡ
ϧƫƫӦ
κҲǼΪҪ֪˴οʹ˻ŸӣԼʮλ벽Ҫӡ
һɿֲǼһսУ֪ܷӳǿȴΪľܾ֧ȴֻݷڴˣһԹˡ
κܸˣ
ߣӻƷǼɵлϲɱ޴ޱȵİ׳նˣ
κҲΪߺޣȴҲֻţҺãһѾҪˣĿڤȼҪ֮ԴҪЮϫӶﵽߵ֮ͺͼƬĿġ
κĵġ
峤ֻʣ¾ˣѱסǳĨɱһƾ峤Ը
һٴ
ڵһ̡һڧҲʱ򳹵׽ˣ
徫һһֵߣһȥ
˵գһƾŲƶȥ
Ҳϣ
κ̼ˣоâһһЩضһȥ

βɳĮ
սһֶݵͣ״̬
Ϊ׵ϸ߲˷γһܵͣڤ룬׶·
ܣְɣЩѾ̫Ѫ̫ˡӦһ֮˽յһҾ硣
˫ָ̾Ϣڡ
ߣ磬ò˵İɣ̫Ͻ̣ȴȻִԲ򣬽̫Ͻ޺ˣֱ
ڤɫŭţȾѪŭɵгѪɫһͷپޡ
ߣʣİλϸ߲㳤Ҳһŭɫд޾ޣһϵڶͬ⼸ڱ¾Ƿߺ޵˼¡
飬ǴˣǣҲú磬ڱ˴ѪϣҸһᣬֻҪϴҿԳ汣һ
Դؿڤˣдһʤ߶еĸ߸ζ
ԼǣֻҪԸͶϣ峤ģ֤һ·ôҲǲٶȥΪЦ
ʱҲǵִﵽȻڳ
ֹ壬κҲһϤϵһ࣬ĿϷʵڤˣ綢ͺգ顣
ͶΪһһЩ̫Ͻ̳䵱߹
ڤĿ١塢κ̵һһɨ֪ȥЩȥЩˣнס̲סŭЦ


1446 һٿ
˻쳹񷡣
ڤԱ˽ԶУʹޱȡ
˻塢١κ̵˶Уȴһ
µ߹˭Ҳ޷ŭˡ
ֹǣκЩض˻ҲǻӿһĨŭ
ͷҲڹˣ
ߣɫ˲ĮȻΪҲ֪Ǳ綯֮Ҫﰢѩض֮λ˾ٱﲻ⣬Ҹһ·Ѿ御ִ򣬿ɱˣ
ڤŭЦαطϻϷô꣬ɴûи˵߹ľҪɱҪУ
㡭
ɫһȴȻʶʲô͵һüα׷ɱβɳĮòỹųûҪ߰ѩɣ
ڤɫ䡣
ǵȷִ㣬ΪββɳĮһУϧƻϲϱ仯Ǵ˴жҲǹܴɡ
ǺǣҾ֪԰ѩǻ۱ȻݵȫҲ޲ֻǰ߹ǣϲ֮ѡȻǲûаհѩ˵ȥ
ЦٲȻһյ̬ںȻıƻˣǺͰѩһ𽻸̫Ͻ̴ãȤĽ֣ΪֻǻţϫǸýӣ
˻һڤɫԶ䣬Ŀѣֱ徹޳Ѫˣ
Դƣ
һԣκڵ仰Ե̲סЦ
룡Ϸ򼴱Ҳ̫Ͻ£λƴˣ
ڤŭ͵
Աǰλϸ߲㳤ɫҲӿһĨȻδ£ҲǷȻ֣˿׼
ȾˣȴҪڴ˿һ˶ݣ
Уľٶȴͷɶ˻ûʲô𣬿̾
λѣֵϳˣסһҪ׽Щ
ڤ˳֣κ̽סЦ־
ñɣ
¡һһضƾնȥ֮ӿ̽һץӲڤĹƻ
۵һڤѪӰ׹գ֮ǰսഴˣĿܻһλȫʢʱڵˡ
Ҳұ£
ضһ֣ûκγɣٴ̽һץƿգգһ١
Ǹڤһƴİϳϻδüͱѹͨͨ׹ء
䶨
Ĳ˼飡ݿ඼ֲ֮
д˿ɼһض˵ʵεȿɲɽ綥֮УҲܾߴڡ
Ư
κžžƴЦ
塢ٵһȴһ裬ڤѸۣվһλڣȴֵסضһδЩ̫ǿˡ
Ҫǣߴڣκ߿ɻаλ
ҪϷ򣿳룡
ڤһѪɫҰޱȣüȴһĨ֮һ˻
ԴЦκɫ͵һ䣬еãҪɱֹ
ʵѣ֮ǰֵλض˱ѲӰһƾڤߣһƳȥ
䷴Ӧٶ֮죬ս֮ḻж֮ϣչֳһλ߱Īܡ
Ȼ
һոճ֣ûڤʱȻ䶸Ȼ
һֲɱƥĽԨеһգէȻ֣
һɲǣʱշضһ֮Ȼʧɫ
һ̫죬䲻⣬ɱ˫⧲֮£ֹضõ˲ֹԭԱڤҲһ֮£Ӳһ˿͡
䣡
䣬ձ𣬵汻Ӳһɲľ޴蹵Զڳٴη׷ܲѡ
һֲ֮˹
˭
塢κ̵һȻɫ䣬û뵽ʤĻһɲǣᷢˡ
ܿ죬ǾͿˡ
һһϮ£忡Ͷ֮һɳ֮⣬ȴһĨɽӵƣΪر
ұһһϮ£׷˪ѩݹĮ˫һ棬Ϣƥֱ˷ƣһеۻʰ㡣
ˣǼʱĳϫͻգ
ϫ
ѧԺգ
һɲǼ䣬ڳ˫Զϳ˳ϫͻյݣɫ졣
ɫһӿһĨ̹ǳޣĶձڳϫУĿܲ޳ϫˡ
ٵ΢΢Щ⡣
κϲҪҳϫأСһﾹˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ
ڻգֻһ˶ѣͲˡ
ڤˣϫʱԶһͬеޱȣͽס
ԭܼ򵥣ѿϫֻһգܻЩ˵Ķ֣
һʱ֮䣬Ϊϫͻյ֣ٴγֳŵľ棬˲δż֡
ΪֻһˣȴһСв
ֶţȫǲԵȵģϫ˵ĳַͶΪֹۡ
СһôˣѵҪɣֱǺ֣
Ȼǵһκͳϫ棬ɳڰݼڵڤסǳϫ
ǰңأϫóڤԼĹģ˿̸ûʲôЩ
ѩɱѺβУʱӦòΣˡ
ڤڣ˵ȴһԼ˱ɱѩҲȻˡ
ƫƫϫСֱǻУ
һ뵽еı֣һӲ꣬͸һĨ֮⡣
ϫڤĴ𸴺㳤һһ·ϻеķꡢŭںޡǡָһɨգ
ĸ׻ţ
Ҳζһж㹻ˣ
һ̣ϫ㽫ĿȻԶһһɨˣհĿΪ׵ϡ
֪ԷӦþǵϼˡ
ͬעĻκ̣ԼκЩضˣƲ⣬ԷȻ̫Ͻ̵ˡ
ʶһ㣬еһ˿ңԼһʵˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ӳϫͻճٵ˵ķӦԼڤͳϫĶԻֻʮ֮䡣
ϫĿʱߵĿҲ絶һ
⻹һۼϫˣӳϫУϡܹѩӣҲˣϫ
Ǹýӣӻɱĺ
βŭβޣ
⣬Ȼǲҵȣһ֣Щǻȫûκˡ
忪ڣϲκ̲סЦдһĨ޾ϲúͿܡ
ǲҪԱǾͼ֤û˻ֹǣ


1447 
κԴǼ価ڿࡢһ
ڤɫ׽ӣɱ˼Цоעˡ
Ϊ̫Ͻ̵ͷͿԺ޼ˣ
ڴˣϫķӦԵüΪǿƣԴǺ
бͻŭ˿̼壬ԼЩΪŰ̫Ͻͽһʱ֮䣬Щ³ɺӿͷĻˡ
С飬ͷӲ
κɫһ
κĪҪӷϻʱ䣡
һѣɫޱȡ
ԭԼɱϫɵϫԵĻʱʱı⣬ǿǵѧԺԺĵӣκٺò
κһ۾Ϳ˼ҲƣͷȻ
˵ţɫٿȻһСһӦҵΪζԽǹģ޷ıĽ֣Թ԰ϵıｻҿʹһЩ
ʲôϿɲֹһܲȫɣ
ϫɫݣ˵
ߣ˴ʱʱİϷ
κ̴ǷһĨŨŨмŤͷһһضˣλ˭Ը֣ɱˣ
ϵǣ䣬ȴӦ
ø˽Զ΢΢һϫҲû뵽
ΪһҶ֣ᱩ¶ݡոһǡֵĽͣϫʱȻ
Щض˱Ȼ̫Ͻ̰ɽ󶥼еˡ
κ۾һɫһĨŭһţôλѵй¶ݣһնѣǺƥΣˣûн࣬жȽ죿
ˣɱɣ
أһغƾվһУһӨӨɽƼ䣬ɲǼ䣬Ȼһ䡣

һױڳչ¶â
ڤ磡벻㾹ȻҲͶ̫Ͻ̣
պȻڣ͸һĨɫǱ֮
磡
ڳԣнԶһϹߴ֮һϵһλϹŶ֪£ʵɲ⣬еĵλҲǼΪߡ
ǻϳݣ˭뵽񾹳Ϊ̫Ͻһöӣ
ζţϹߴ֮һҲѾ̫Ͻ̵͸
ȥֻɽֽһȻ󲨲ɣ
һУλغ˲κνͣһֲӰһֱӳձɱȥ
ৣ
ɽգبбϮЮ֮ʱ䡢ռ䡢ض촷ۡ飬ޱȡ
һɲǵľɣ߱Ⱦ쾡¡
ֵĿ꣬ǳϫ
ߣ
һߣӰһݣ˪ѩɣһһĨ⵽£ҲɱµĽһն˷ơ
䣡
߽棬һɿɲʮأ
ôʱ䣬ڤ˽ϫŻסܲˣڴˣϫȴ޾ֻܾδЩ
Ŀκ̵ӵеʱҲޱȣ֪ƾԼͻգŤתǬˡ
ԭһ£ȴԼԮִֵȴû룬ԷʶģκηϻͿʼ֡
ȥֻ²õЩǰѾˡ
¡¡
ϣպǱʶݵ罻棬λǿ֮Ľ𣬺֮ɲֱɱû찵أ޹⡣
Գϫǰ벽ͣ޷ŵеսˣ
Һãڼ֮䣬վһռƣӽգһնһۣ

ɫ֮ضشĵ˲ֹ
ߣΪҲҺҶ֪
չĮ̤ǰһ֮գֱָ˵ȥ
ৣ
ڴʱһƥɫӲ˻֮ǰ
벻Ҳ̫Ͻ򣡡
ջӽһ󣬱俴Զٴγһλ¶ˣֳһ磬µɵ˵ǰ

֣ڳκ̵֮⣬нԶһ
˭
ɽֻû˭ʶģΪɽ繫ϵĴ֮һĵǺͱ񷡢δ롢һλߴڣ
ȻҲͶ̫ϽӪ֪ڳ˴ε֮
ţ
ϫ˿жһĨ£ܽ͸ϣ̫Ͻ̵ֶδ̫ˡ
ʶݣ޷ϣͬûȥϣĬٴγɱȥ
ͬʱ۵Ҳ޸ƣһ𣬼лա
һɲǼ䣬սݱΪ˶һľ棡
ͬٶԣ֪ʲôη壬λպյڣأһһɱϡ
սٴα
ɺȻڳ˵עѲһսϡ
λԥʲôô˻ᣬɱǸС飡
κ̳ȡ
˻һʱڤɫ䣬뽫ϫڻ
¶һĨЦȾ֮£ֵɽۻ
ৣৣ
£ٴ¶˳Ȼλڡ
һСսˣ
ૣһɱĿУ
䣡
λǳ֣һ̽һֻ֣ʢԣʮɽӿɱ¡
ɲǼ䣬ͽڤϤ֣
һָһ㣬һĨ貵Ĺƿգᴩʱսޣһ񲻿֮ƣңңϫ
һʵˣֹǳϫڤҲؽĨɱʬ޴棡
Сģ
ϣɫ΢΢һ䣬ɾؼһɲǣٴһ¶˳֣һ𣬽ӲΧ޷
Ҳóϫڤ˵ĴһΣյ˼£
óϫһţ
ͬʱڤŭԾ𣬻ӿһɹȼյľƺȻθߣӿһɿֲΣϢ
ʱ˿̣һλڣٴѡԱ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬λڶ֣ٵվֱڤŭ𣬼ͬһʱ䷢Ĳ˼飬ĻˣӦ
д˱жϳµľƾΣյ˺εȵز
һɲǣϫȥֹڤһУֻһзֲ԰εĸо̼óϫһӳѪֱ
˼񣬷Ѿ˼ıô꣬Ϊ˽ոϣΪ˾ȳĸѩ
ɵһʱϫȴ֣Լ޷ı־棡ŷԼ̫˲һֻΪԼԱ
һɲǼ䣬еİաںޡŭֱѴﵽԸӵĵز
һȺˣҪɱԯҵŮǾϷͬ𣡡
ʮ𼱣ΣֵһɲǣһȻ쳹ؼ䣬һȭͷبйء


1448 
羪ףң쳹ؼ䡣
Ȼһȭͷȴƺʱն֮ʱջ𣬻缤Ƽ򵥵ȴ޴ڣ
һȭ֮س⣬ҪǬƣ˵Ǿ춯أɽӡ
䣡
һֲĺӿ֣ŭ˾񷣬ɢʮء
һɲǣϫԴ˵һǰããһƬʲôҲֻһ󾪺
Ƶսȭ
ԯϼԯܣ

ϫҰָͿѶһλ۾ߴۣŨüۣꡣ
һţһΡİԵ֮һԶħ㣬ɽӡ
ˣؾǰĸԯˣ
پػóϫгķŭںҲǵõ磽⣬䵱ڤδԱʱ̲סһ
ڲ֮ϣڷսһȻ·磬ԵüΪǿ
Ծ
лһλɽĵһλϹ֪µϹŶ硣
һλ䲻֪սȴȫѷɫڵ磬ܹһɼսкεȾˡ
ϫͰĿԶͼ塢κ̵ˣԶһԼߵԯܣ̺űɭȻ֮⡣
Ȼڷߺԯͻأɱǵж
ԯܣʲôʱΪԯϵŮĪΪƾһˣŤתǰ棿
ڣȰ㻹Ǿ뿪ҪͽһˮУ򡭡ֻɾ޻ˣ
壬ô겻Ȼ˲ҪѩӦҵ飬ɽ˭˲֪ƫƫϻ쵰װƣǺ̫ϽЩֱۣͬǲҪ֮
ԯЦ˫磬һһһϵΨİֻһˣȴǧ֮ƣԵüΪر
ǣֱ岻Ҫκ̵˹ӣ䵨֮ʢҲࡣ
˻һʱ塢κ̵˲Ȼɫ䣬ɫѡ
ϫһԿЦȻ֪ԯ˵ʲôֻǱԯһһŮؽţվЩڡ
ԯܣҪ浱κ㲻ã
ȡ
ҪٺϻȻλԯ۰ͰˣǾɣ
κɭȻһЦ˻֡
ৣ
¾λ¶վֵһǣղųϫֵλҲС
ϧǣǾͲһ˿ɱϫȴͻȻɱԯһȭƻ
ӴôĿƾЩͷؽŵĻɫҲסԯܣҪսսô꣬׼ͷ̫Ͻ̵Ĺййˣ
ԯܲмߣӰһͦԵأﶼ밧У
ɱɱԲѵƥ򣡡
κ̱ŭ
ߣҪԶ٣浱ԯˣ
Ȼض˳һɳƵٴ쳹أӰ˺ն
һҷߣһ򢻢꣬ģͬȴͬǿʢȻλڣ
ԯ⳾ԯر
һϳ˺ȻԯеλϹŶϵ١ڤԼϵ綼ͬһֵĴڣ
Ҳǣ϶ӵλΪϹߴ֮һԯϣܲˣ
⻹ԯϸԯϵĵϻл֡
λԯϵϹŶ֣ϫ򶨣ӦǰѾԼж֮ԯϡ
⣬ֻҪʱϵԽãƱԼԽ
κ̵ɫ͵һֶԯϵҲζǰѿʼ𽥲һ˿תˡ
ɲʲô£
Һãռݾơ
һ뵽⣬κ֪ٲȥˣʣλضˣλƺЩףһְɣһ
ǽʣλض˻һۣҲվ֮ǰضһңңԶԯܡԯ⳾ԯرš
һͬռݾƣ
κ̰Ĳ٣ڽ˼Ǵ壺ƿЩˣԹֻۣ½ֿɲܿסġ
ɫκģҵԲһз
˵ʱҲǴٵˣóֵ׼
λо
棬ԶλضˣԯܺȻЦˣŤͷߵԯ⳾ˡ
ԡ
ֻƴˡ
ԯ⳾ԯرشĶɡ
ãǾͶְɣСֻ³Ų˶ˡ
˵ʱԯƳһڲϼսĻգջĿ⣬ȻһϢٴαӿԨƾѡ
ǰż֣ʱԽԽáϫˣסһɿò˶ãֻԽԽ
ߣСӸҴһȥ˴ˣѾͷ˺Ҳɣ
ԯЦһ̤
䣡
һȴ콵ףҡض
սһ
ȻڴʱٴһɫԣٿȻƲâת֮䣬ճһ޳ĴԼٻӰƮݣ
ԭֵԯܵ˶ʱֹͬʱλغ˵ӰҲٿȻͣ͡
һ̣ĿһͻأٻӰϡ
Ө׶ͷ˸Ż۹⣬ü鶯һֳȻǵ㣬Ҳδ
δ
ڳ˽Զϳݣһ˴˽ԶȷδһӪ
Ψϫ΢΢Щ֮󣬾;ϲ㣿㡭ôˣ
ô飬ֲ֪ͨңֻԼˡδƵĵ˳ϫһۣƮȻ˳ϫߡ
ϫЩ·̫ͻȻҲЩֲˣ㲻ڱչô
ֻһߣ̤żм£ǻ˵ʲô񲻷񣿡ЦŴϢ˵֪ˡ
ϫвӿһĨжһڳ񾳵ԣӲֹչǺεȲ̵飬п˳ʧȥһԵ
Ϊ˰Լƫƫˣóϫβж
ϫδ̸ϵԲͬѰԯܵ΢΢һȻѣһֵ֣ĿδͿǷͬѰ룬Ʊؽ
塢κ̵˵ɫһڸȷϣδǳϫġ
֮ϫǱһֶһλ֣
ܲŭ־Ʒչȥ֮ǰռȡľƣҲƱؽᱻˣ
δͽҺͻԸˣκְɣٲκԥʱԽãֻ࣡
ɫҧڣϡ


1449 Ծ
ƺȻʼò󣬱㼴սľϣսȫ汬
ৣৣ
Ӱƿգɱδ
˷ֱ٣ǰǰЩ̤֪£ֻɱδĴ㣬Բκ顣
ǣһǵǿδ룬ϧЩЩģ
棬㷢ӨϷһĨȻ֮ɫ
һ̣ѻһĨɫӰϲ񷣬ͶԷӲλھ֮ϿһƬսҽ
ɹ֯ʮأ
ƺޱȡ

ͬһʱ䣬λضҲǺȻ
ѡĶԯܡԯ⳾ԯر

ʵδսһԯ˸Ӳλض˵ļл
һսȫ汬֮ǰձһֱڲսһսңʱƷֲʤ
Ҳ˵һ̣شڤ֮⣬ڳ۵ңչһ
һʱ֮䣬ǷԲǧβɳĮϿգ׻һƬսձ顢׵ܡ񺿣񷶼飬¶޹⣬ҡҡ׹

ǰߵλĴڣΪƸΪ꣬һ֮䣬ƿʱգת㲻࣬ͨ졣
ģһȺ֮ľս
ǵһĻֹǺˣþ񶼲֮һݹŽУ߲ζԾҲǿ
սܲң
һɲǣΪһԾβޣһִ󶯵콵ħ޺Ѫʱܡ
ϣǴɼɽˮкضɽҡȵ֮ࡣ
β޽ϵܿܿһ̽Զľ̻̲±ӣΪһϯĺƽҪˣ
ֻеһжһڱԾɡ
һ塢κ£ʮһλڡ
һǳϫʵ£λڡ
ĿжϣϫһȫƣϾֻĿϵƣ֮ĶԾУؼĻҪ߱ս
սĸߵͣΪɱܡս顢ս־Ϊȵȷ档
һ֮Ⱥս˭Ҳ޷ȷжϡ
˵˭Ӯ˭䣬Ϳˡ
κͬһ㣬û˼ȥעһԾ
ֻҪԼߵܹѹסԷڣѾ㹻ˣΪ˴εĿɲЩǡϫ
ڽ֣ɿһǡÿκ̺޹˼ɵȥɱϫԽϫ£
ΪʱĳϫߣֻʣڤһȺоܽ
κߣɻʮλ벽ڣκ̣ʮ벽ǿߣ
£ɱ˳ϫǲŽûˡ
ôʱ֣
ǳ֪ǿ֮չԾ֮κûκγɣЩ벽ضһӵϫɱȥ

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ĿһɨԷǲһĨɱĻȣһǿհӿһɿɲɱ
֮ǰеη塣
̤ͬ벽ΣΪѺͶԷͬһΣĿܻηηţ
һɲǼ䣬䣬ХǬضƥɹ͸ֱͶ֮ӵһ̰˻ģ
λǰЩͽһðɡ
δ䣬ϫ˲ʧԭء
ԭڤ˻æϫػԼ󣬿ɵһĻʱסԶһȻ
Сδ̫çײˣһܻЩ̫Ͻ߹Ķ֣Уҵȥ
һϳüǳҪȴڤס
ȥɣҲһѩĶӾӵͣˣɽһΪҫ۵һǣҸղŹΪҲ̤벽һЩϲ
ڤһƽϣһĨڴ֮ɫ
ѵǾţµľƿΪϾ
ü硣
ȻǣǰһղԱδɹ˵ҵԴ֮ѹסƣٶҲ٣
ڤٴһɫᶨ
λϳϼˣԶ״Ӧ
ЩɱսһϵѽʣǾˣǵҲѱǿ֮ĩȾ£ܹڣǶԼֱͬһ漣㡣
ʱתףԲиʼץʱһ޸ƣһ߰ڤһ߾עԶսʱ̾ϫ׼

ڤ˽̸֮ʣϫѾչս
֮ϣǿ߽ս֮ء
֮£ͳκʮ벽ǿ߽
ûκηϻսȻ
Ǳ˴˶ƵĽԣԲ˷κһ˿ʱˡ
ϫСɣ
䣡
ȳɱһ¶һȣкҳˮףɲǼ侹һ׹ܵĹϵ飬ͷϫɱƸƥ
ڴˣϫ̽һץһռкӿ𵴣Ӳһϵ촷ۣ
ͬʱϫŲһ磬̤һưڶԷš
أ
Ǻ¶عǱ鰼ݣĶҲ촷ۣԿѪʹŤһš
ѧԺϹ֣ԭ㣡
ϫվӿһϳԷݣԺ۵ʱͼϹ֣Ҳ֪ԷͶ̫ϽӪֻû뵽Ҳ뵽ⳡɱˡ
䣡
˵ʱϫ֣һ߳˵ķϹֺݺݼ̤ɲǼѪⱬ飬
ɲ֮䣬һλ벽Ĩɱ
СģЩŹ֣
һ֣
Ϲְ̫ܵ죬ԭɱһȺ벽ڶȣϫչֳսҲһݣҴ⡣
κ̣оâһѲźۼ˵ߡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ٴλ벽ǿɱ֮λԼԼǿֶΡ
һƥӻɫɽգսĻɱʢ
һƿתƿϸӨףͷųһҰɫ棬Ʈգȼղ񷡣
һѪɫᦷ裬ûһͷͷħʿŭ¡ںХ
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Ȼղųϫһû˸ٴ⣬ʶһ֣ǱҪԶ٣֮ƣɱϫ


1450 
ɲǼ䣬ϫĴƱΣգ񱻽ͽ޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
ã
ĿһеڤɫȻһ䡣
ߣ
ȻǷӦԭ˷ѹеĳϫ͵һߣһ
ͣͣͣͣ
ǧٵȻƾն֣ÿһԶͬΪ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ̫ܻ֮֮֮֮
ңÿһֵλøͬոȴͬһʱ̣˴ݺύܻһµĽ
ҪǣЩӯŷеؽ󣬾Ȼͬһʱ̣ӲͬǶȺɱ¶˶ȥ
ɽٵɱ˷ȥһ˵ʵڳϫһ֮£˲ɡ
ѵõǣһ棬ڽ󣬽ڷپɽԲֶοƣɡʱ֮Ӱʱ䷨ʩչ
һɲǼԵսþ£ˣ
⣬ֻǳϫ벽ƿıɽһǶѡ
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Ӳ¿ǵһҳһӣ
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һϸӨ׵ƿְ߲ۼҪ֧顣
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һɫɽӡǱնǧٵۣԱ飬Ŀġ
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˻
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˭룬֪еСѾڶ̶ʮʱУһԾ̤벽Ϊ˺ͬһֵĴڣۼսѳ̫࣡
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Щض˿ɶ̫Ͻ̰ɽ󶥼еҪӣÿһӵа벽ΪÿһߴѧԺУԵνϰһְӹƺһϹŶ
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̶Ƭʱ䣬жʮλضɥϫ֣֮

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һϢֱٳϫͷʱ¶һٽϫ֡
С飡ƾս죬Ҳ㲻Ϸġһض˸֣ĴЦ
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Щ̴˱֪ɱ˶ǿУԼϫУʱ̲סЦһʤȯյģ
ЦȻֹ
ΪݡеĳϫδܵκӰ죬ǵˣ͵һһָɳһƬ買ģһ˺ѣ
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أ
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սˣϫչֵԼǷḻս飬ѾЩ벽Զë
ܿ죬һ¶վ֣ˮ磬Ϣ
һ֣
ϢԲͬˣϫûҴ⣬ղֶΣѸٱƽݿ࣬ŵ֣һˣԷ˷
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ֱһͷɱգӲϢضɱС
ʵ̫ǿȫ
һֱ׺ս󷽵κĿһУҲǾŭӣţʮλ벽ڣκβһ
ֱʱʧʮˣ
ɲðײˣʮŸ벽ڣ̫Ͻ̰ɽеҪӣ
һʧô࣬κҲĿѣ֪ʦŽˡ

һɱɱ£ɱϫ򵥶ֱӵһ飬Ϊ쾧ӨĹ꣬Ʈķ
ѵҪߣȴκסֻӲͷƤӦս
һУϫУһ㶼û̶ͣƬʱ䣬ٴնɱλ벽
â֮ʢս֮ǿЩضëȻ֮档
ڤ򿴵ѪţѪڣʹ죬мϼۿʪȣ֡
Щ̫Ͻ̵ĹŽɿزЩܲѣ
ϫɱЩҺܼ֮


1451 ֮
սڳ
ϫĬɱսƷǵû˥ڽкɨأϯ˻֮ơ
ĳϫǿزǾ
սС
Ѫ
Һ졣
Ѫɫ˼䡣
ֱκзгɣһϵ߲Ҳ뵽սС
Щϴ£ʮˣа벽磬ԭԸ֣ҲһƾϫɱȥôЩ̫Ͻ̵Ĺ֮󣬾ֵˡ
ʶջǼս֡
һӣϫĶٴζʮЩϳϼ룬ȷϫ˲ѹ
ЩĶ̫Ͻ̵߹һԸѩĶӣ
ֱǲҪ˼£
޲ɱЩˣ
ĿһĻڤ˶û£ǷŭǱǱͬˣͬѪȴѷĿɳ𣬱໥ɱ
䱯
Ϊ˲ɱˣǲϧ̫Ͻ֮飬ֻҲᱻһĻɡ

һжԳϫԣȷѹӲ١
ȴϲ
̫ϽЩҪӣϣɱЩϵĻˣ
ǣԼĸѩڱԼܱ¾ţ
ϫΪϣ˿ǾϫǲܾȾѵĸˡ
ɱ
һ̣ϫͰѴصЩ߲ϣֺ飬Էκ
䣡
һϳֱܲӱϫһƴݶϲһͷʬ壬ɳȥе
ӣ֪ˣͲһ
һŭ𣬱ŭֱһչʩչռ壬ǧӰϫɱȥ
ϫʼһԲĮɱŲһձ飬ٿȻʧԭء
һ̣Ӱѳֺǰ͵̽߬סԷݺһŤӲԷͷ­š
һŨѪǺ߲˳ϫȫȾӳĵɫĮȻᣬ͸һĨѪζ
أ
ץͷ­ϫӰһлһӰٴγһһϳɱȥ
Щڳϫеĳޣ˿̾񱬷Ļɽ㣬ӿȫ̼ÿһ缡ս
Ҫй
ΪѾ̫꣬Ϊ˸޾ĺˮѪΪɱս
ڵȵһ죬Ļס
йһг޾ͻữһ޷ͻĽᣬΪһħϣĵ;
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ̵ĳϫǲ֮ڱ֮սĶ־жٸֻһͷй
йޣ
ֻе˵Ѫܸƽеĺޣ
ƬƬѪ꽻֯Ŷ֫б۷ҽ֮ڳм̼óϫվǿʢȼյ۽Ҫٻ񷣡
һ̣κ̵̫Ͻ֮ˣһڳϣԶľ֣ϫһˡ
˫ӯѪɫŨںڳǿʢҲ壬һͷԶڸգҪ˶ɣ
£ǲϰˣ˱ɱƾ޷ֹϫһһ
ֲ̫
˵κڵ˽Զð־Ҳ֮Ҫסѹ
˭һоǳϫһɣ
ʵǸͲۼΪĳϫͬ벽İٱ࣬ӵв֤֮ݽߵ⡣
ڵΪϣʥɾʱˡӤزܹڱȼ磬ǰ벽οԱ⣬Ҳ֤־սĵ̡
ڽΪϣ˽ԲѧԺеĴϹŶԶԶϫ˦
ڵΪϣǾ͸ˣԼٳġ֮ʥѹκʥɾڣ벽Σķ֮ʥʱ䡢ռ䡢ߵҲһ𣬿֪кεȿֲ
ս顢ս־ȵ桭³ϫṳ̂㶥زҲѰܹ֮
һۺһ𣬾ͻ˳ϫ߱Ŀֲս£ԺԼͬһȺ֣ʣϫηˣ
ڳ޵Ĵ̼£ս֮иǿʢ֣
κ̵Ϊ벽ڣʲôͳϫȣ仰˵˿̵ǣûʸͳϫȣ

־һעɽ
ħ޷һ˿һĳϫκ̵һڰ벽ѱһĨŨŨĿ־ȡ
һ̵ǣصգֻҪһݵͿǳױ

ڴʱ쳹һޱȵĲҽУ̶֮κ̵һ
뱩ŭ״̬еĳϫڴ˿Ҳ͵һ𣬻ָѡ
ֹˣԶڤˣҲڴ˿Ŀ˲񷣬¶֮ɫ

ϿʼưýɫѪ꣬Ȼʢء
棡
ϣ屯ŭ
ŷӦһƬӲӵ꣬ˣһѪģʬƯա
һλڣȻˣ
˽ԶһȻղһޱȵĲҽУ
һеģȻδ
˿̵Ʈ裬ӰƮҡƥһƬȻ֮ɫһĨɫУһŮo㡣
ʵں˺εȷţܹһԶľ£ٸնɱ
ҪҪҰ㣿
УЦϫ
ǿԣ㻹Ȱɡ
ϫҡͷȻĿһУһɱսЩѹƵļˡ
ֹǻսԯܡԯ⳾ԯرǱߵսͬһֱţҲûӰ쵽ǡ
϶ԣǻյĴЩ
ԳϫŽȥﻪһѡ
ġ
ӦһƳ壬ղϼһ㵲һŻᱻɱڿûͷˡ
˵ţһΣڶһֳɱȥһ˺գյĶֻɱȥ
ϫˣд󶨣ڳбҪģǳڣǰЩһﳹ׽ˣ
һ뵽⣬ϫ㲻ٳɣҪһɲǣĿⲻһƳ͵ע⵽һʬϣ˿̾һƺľѪ⡢ͷһ۸
ֶ
һĻϫնɱʱĻ᲻ףٱȻҲ̷ܹ˲ĵҩ
ʶأϫҪƾնȥʩչս֮䳹Ĩɱˣϧվһ
ʶһ㣬¸
һĻ˲ȫ


1452 

ĿһĻȫ𺳡
ϸȥȴܹ֣κ̡塢ԼЩ̫Ͻ̰ɽеӽԶ޶ٶݣϵһĻ㡣
Ψлաδԯܵ˶Դ˸е֮
ϽԶ
һɱȻܹ˲临ͬҲʶһܡֶ
ʶسϫѣǾ̬ء
ܼ򵥣ЩֽԶӵֶһԭͲԵȵսȡʤĿˣ
Ϊּ㱻ɱҲܹ˲⻹δ
Σսǵ־תƣֻܼ
ֻգȴǱѹ

ڴˣϫûȥ˵ʲôܹģǾȥɱЩ֣Ȼûȥæ
ΪֻԼҪɱЩӵֶļһԼӵеս֮ó
ֻһĻȴ˳ϫļƻڳϡ
֮󣬲δһȥɱδìͷһתͻȻɱ˳ϫ
Ȼϼһѿƾκ̺Щ벽ڣͲǳϫˡ
һҪȽ˳ϫ
ৣ
һƺεȿ£ټٶ죬һƸհ£ɲǼ䣬ͽϫ˷·
ϫӦ͸еڵʱ䡢ռ䶼ԼеĳճУƾ޷һ֣
ɫ䣬ƾһΣ֮ľ¸УǱϢ֪˶ٴΡ
ûһһǿңᵽζ
һɲǣϫκ̵˽԰һԼĿ翴һˡ
ա㡢ԯܵˣ¶ŭ׷ҪѶ־ԼӪȶ
ϧһƺ̫ˣ
ٶ̫죬̫ͻȻһ֣Ͷȫһ֮аѳϫĨûκοɳ֮
һλڣҪȫɱһ벽ڣǾ͸һֻһ練ơ
һɲǣϫе֮ɫ
ʲô
ǳЦԼ
ڳЦԼһã
ţ
ԣ
ĹͷϫȻ֣е֮ɫȻһ䣬һĨ¡Ȼûңÿ־塭
ڿ־ʲô
ڴʱϫֻһеѹȫ糱ˮȥػɣȻͱٿȻʧԭء
¡
һ̣ϫֻоԼΣХڤؼ䣬۾
衪
Ȼһ쳹ʮأϫֻӰһ𣬶ʱѹȥԼ֪ʱ֮⡣
Լ֮أһϣ
һͷ̫Ų
ʮ֮ب֮ϵɽƮҷдӣɽӵߴ󣬾ܲϵƬÿһʮĶΧӡܼĵơ
ʵ̫䣬֮̾ϣܳǣ
䣡
һ̣ϫֻһ𣬲֮ٿȻû۳һλоɣݹ棬̬Ľߡ
ûɣ˽߱Ȼ氽Żڣһλ֪µĿֲڡ
ȻղžǰŻڳ֣о˳ϫ
ҺãĲ
ŻƳ˳ϫһۣͺЦûˣٽš
˵ţӰһųϫٿȻ¾죬βɳĮϿա
ʱϫŷֹ֣ǰŻˣ̫ȣԺԺ˿ҲȻڳС
̫ѩ٣¶һŮƥݣһһɰӾ죬ƣ޷ڡ
ݡ塢ţȴԺͬһɳȻϢ
ֹ̫ȡŻϣҲԶӯһ֮ݳϫжϣ˱Ȼ̤ɣ
֮λǴ˵е⣬еġ
ӳϫݼλǰ
ϫǿ԰м
ضȽǰ֮Ҳ١
̫ЦЦĿС

ѧԺλ̤֮ϹŶ٣һӾ͸ıڳ֡
ԭڼҽ֮սһ̲Լͬס֣Էֿ
Щض˺塢١κ̵˻һɫصϫߣĿ̫ȡŻڡϡ
ԽԽľɫҲԽԽء
աδԯܡԯ⳾ԯرԶͳϫǻһĿͬڴ̫ߡ
ɫȴܡȻϲӶࡣ

˵֮УôǿߣͿϴڣ󣬲УңϨʿӴ棡
ȼĴڣֻһλ֣ȫڶΡ
һӳλ񾳴ڣ콵һӱ㽫תӹɡ
ô
ɫĶѪ֮ǰǻԾռϷ磬Ҫһ֮ͽɱ˭룬ؼʱ̻պͳϫ˳
ɱˣԯܡԯ⳾ԯرҲ½δҲ
ˣǵĴռݲƣ˭룬ϫչֳ˿ֲޱȵսɱһİ벽ǿߺм֮
ĶԾϣٸǱδһĨɱӵֶֻ¾ͳˡ
Һãʱľƿ֮УٸһٽҪĨɱϫƫƫؼʱ̣ٴη䣡
һ֮ȫ󣬾λԵѧԺķ񾳴ڣ
һ׽ǵƴݿһգ᧿Σ
һУܵˣ
зߺޣκ̱ŭݶҪҧ顣
һж˾ӣʮλ벽Ҫӣƫƫ岻ԸϣǲڲսС
񵹺ãûɱ⣬ǳһһĶλ񾳿ֲڣκβŭ
Ӳı
κк޵ֱľ£ѿʼеλ񾳵Ƥ£ҪŤתƣûϣˡ
ֹκˣһ̫ȵλ񾳴ڣЩض˺ˣҲصԸӵĵز
ߣİȻˣǾֻȽЩһˡȻ̫߿ڣ˵һĪĻ
ڳ˻Ƕˣʱ塢κ̵пһɫ䡣
λڣٳ
һɲǣı־ûʧȥ򶨣Ҳκνҳ˼


1453 Ĭĸ
˻쳹ȫ
λڣ
Ȼλ񾳴ڡޡ仪
ۣٵһϸ߲Զһԭ־ûȼһĨϣ
κ̵һ̫ϽͽҲһ¶һĨϣ֮ɫ
Էλ񾳴ڣֻҪλڳ֣޷ŤתǬҲ㹻һΣˣ
Ǵһܹǿеİɣ

ڤҲʶʲôʱɫһзߺ޲ѡ
һҷչز˵λûԳ֣ȴһֱڱ֧һϵ£ڤ˸ܻλĴκκøˡ
ϫȴЩڤ֪һʱҲԾû뵽оλˣ
Һã̫λǰǰ󣬷򣬺ʵˡϫƳһԵ̫ȡŻڡˣаҡ
ѿ̫֮Գٳٲ֣Ծڵȴ޺仪ĳ֡
ϫǣһź󣬳ȴһ㶯ҲޣҲǰ
ô£
ֹǳϫɻ󣬻աδԯܵҲüʱˣϵλ񾳻֣ѵ˱
þӦ
˵ɫһӱˢײҵԭһĨϣʱֱ޾ȡ
ô
λأ
ѵѾҵˣ
нһ˿֧Ҳһ̺Ȼ̲ס󺰣ΪʲôΪʲôλǿѵҪػҵһ
ź쳹أݣȴӦ
ˣ̫Ҳüͷһ壬ŮϷһĨͣˣǼȻŲǱȶЩһɡ
ŻںԶͷ
˻һѹյһݣ塢κ̵˱
ӣ
ӣ

һҵĴ쳹ˣκ̵һ̫Ͻͽһ̽ԶԼͬѡ
ǵģֱ޲õˡ
ԭ̫ɲǰҲֻķݶǵȲ࣬ͺϺͲӥ
һߴڣһ⣬УһԱȣ֡
ԣֻӣ
Թϣƽգλɣ
һУ̫ԤУȻһ̾һ̣̽һָ񷡣
䣡
赭дһȴ콵һּһϢٿȻء
ʱ䡢ռ䡢ɳߡڴϢһжһζɬϢһɲǼ䣬ﶼ뵽һ־Եľֹ״̬У
һָ֮䣬Ǭֹ
ȾֶΣҲֻд˵еӵС
Щԭ˺Ųƶȥ塢κ̵ˣ˿̾񶳽ڱеӰ͵һͣ޷
ԶԶȥһι״ܵƣȴһ߾ߵܰһΪ
һĻڳϫУȴƾ޾𺳡
Ҫ֪пвڣÿһɽжӵ֮ȴֲ̫ȵһָ
ֲ֮
ڷ֮ĿԾóϫ𺳣ƾã֮Уֿһλ񾳴ڶ֣һֱﵽԸӵĵز
ǵģǳϫһο񡱵
û飬ɿԶЩ뾲ֹеһӰЩͬͽ޷֤֮кεȿɲˡ
ʵҲˣѸܹӵУǳ緶룬ﵽһ߶ȣԲͨˡ
ֹǳϫաԯܡԯ⳾ԯرҲ¶ݣԴ˵һĨɵ
ΨδзһĨȣΪֻͬһߣܷ֤⣬Уʶ˸˽֮Ŀɲ֮
أأأ
һܹκԼЩضˣΪߵͣڴ˿ǵȫ㣬뱬顢ŨѪ꣬ĥһɹεС
һ֮䣡
κ̺̫Ͻ̾λӡʮλҪӣͬһʱɵҷ
һĻֹǿɲֱǺţ
һλڣǴɽ磬Ʊػһ䶯
ǻյ˿һĻҲסһ𾪣κ̵ˣͬΪڣɽߵﶼ˳羴ĤݣߣһʱеĽԸȫȻ޴档
ͽв࣡
ܿܿԣֻĴڣЩǰҲֻȥǵЩܿܿҲûʲô
һоͽˡ
Ȼ̫Ťͷ˳ϫ
Уκ̵˱Ĩɱֻʣ塢ԼԼĪʮλϳϡ
Ǳһ֮ƣ˼άڣֻǸ޷˿ᶼ磬ỹһ£һָͷ޷
ϫһ𣬶ʱ̫Ȼ˼һ֣صлǰȫ
˵գת̤ȥһԹվ֮ģԣҲԵԶһУɱǹУȫԼ⡣
ΪĽᣬеһΨдƽ⿪ܳħ

ϫһнסӿһĨǾŭǿ־壬ƫƫ޷һ˿޷һ˿һ
֮˿̵ǣֻӽ
ֱƿĸоǶ֪ûȴֻԴУζ޷ġ
ŭ̿֡ĸо̼ǿҪԣԸɱһҲԸ˱ַʽȥȴ١
ֶκֹǲֱ̣ǲб
ϢûκĥɶǵĳʹݲУȴͬм尾һ㣬ֱ޲ɱ˽Լ
ɱǡǴ˿ɱᣡ
ۣ
ʼһϳϱĨɱͷ­ո˳ϫУʬȻ׹أױ
һ̵ĳϫɫƽûκ糹׻Ĺ֣һ̤ոһһѪͷ­
ʼգûж˵һ֣û¶Թñ֮κһ˿ԵüΪƽĮȻ
ôĳԹУʲô˵ģ
ϻԾȻЩȥĳˣԸƽеĳޣֺαһ·ɱ
ԣԸٶ˵
ԣ
ЩޣվҪѪϴ
һ̳κ⣬ĶԵøɴޱȣ׼ޱȣһ˿ĳɣҲû˷һ˿ʱ䡣
ΪҪģǸ
˶ѡ


1454 ļ
ۣۣۣ
Ѫˮɽɺ죬Ⱦ񷡣
ûǰҽУûзŭԹ䣬ûκһĥĻʼգֻһƬƵɱ¾
䣬ոͷ­
ǳƵոͷ­ʱâѪʱ˶У˲
һУϫȴԵóĬĮȻޱȡ
һ̵һ׼ַո磽֮ޡ
ƬβɳĮľսѱݻΪ֮أĿ꣬ؽ͸ѪգɼƵʬƵķҵʱաҵս
ı£ϫ˿̵ɱַ˳ĬƽԶУȴǽԶָһëȻļ¶С
һ̵ĳϫԵİ

ڤ̾ϢĿá
ߵλϳҲͬˣɫ
һĻ̫ңȫɱɱĶǵˣڤѲ϶ԷɱϾͬѪ
˿̿ϫᡢѪȵֶȥɱЩˣԲЩܣԸȥĿá
Ҳһ̵ǲֵΪ޳ϫǵļ룬ֻͱɱˡ
ֻв
һУվע˵ģֻһ
Сеĳ̫ˣҲ֪ЩΰסģȻûбħ֣䣬ʵѵá
ԯҲһľϫ˿չֳֶΣ̫ƽĮȻҲˣɵӾҲΪ𺳡
ԯԴ񣬲֪˶ٱ̬̣ɱ¾ɿ򣬿ϫ侲Ĭģͷһ
ˣл˶ޣֻ䣬ƫƫأϫĴδκһ˿ħϡ
ֶԱ֮£ҲǸԯܴ˲𺳡
Աߵԯ⳾ԯرҲԶףԯܵĻΪȻ
Ϊ޶Υģⲻܺô
δȴΪȻͬĴߣΪһʱ֮գٵʮɽӣ¾˷ǳأ˲֪޹顣
ԶԣĳϫֻǸѣֶֻԵЩͬѰѣЩɱ¾ɿĹ֮㲻ʲô
첻ԣϫĿУȴЩӵζ˹ֵܱ꣬Ĳ׹֮ȣԼЩˡ
̫ȡŻڡλ񾳴ͬδڣֻĿǰһĻҲΪԼͬһ˿ͷԺ˭СһΪУǺʵˡ
Щԡ
Ȼ̫ڡ
ȷԾ
ŻںҲѲһ󣬾Ϳʼܡ
ֹǣʱҲһ˿ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣̫ƽˣ
ӻɱκ̵һ̫ϽͽٵϫָУؼһУһƬžС
ԭ̫ȵԤлֵ޺仪ʼնûκס
ѵѴһˣ
ֻ²˼ˣ
̫ȵ˺һϵڲͻֻڲ飬ʵƻӰ쵽βޣǳΪȫĿĽ㡣
ϾϹߴ֮һ̹ϻһڶ֪ɽɺεȴĳ
̫Ͻ룬һڶһصζֻҪ˾ͻ֣ᷢһսӰ쵽ɽĸ֡
̫Ͻ߶ʧ˾λӣʮλ벽ҪӣȴٳûһѴһⱾԵЩ
λɱ
̫ϽΪߵͳ֮һʧҲƾ޴ˣ
ưոݣ
ȻҲп̫ϽΪƾλڣ԰ɨƽڵһϰ
ɱˣ̫Ͻ̻˴ֻܽǳںȥϣ
Ȼܣ̫Ͻ̱ȻҪô¼ͼıһЩʲôͼı
С׼ţҵ֮ܣҲֻֽܷ֮ܲӿݲκףȴһĨ¶ɲʲôͷˡ
̫ң񷣬ɫ棬磬ӿ⣬Ҫƾʮһ顣
ҿ֮б˲ݵףˣֻи߲εĴϽˡ
ŻڳڣһŹϵһĨأ
ԣڳһݣλ񾳴ڶ޷ݵ֪Īǽջֽ٣

һڴ˼ʱ򣬳ϫǰһΣڳһ˿ͣ١
ųһѪܵͷ­˵ϣжʮ֮࣬Щͷ­أԲʱı飬ŭԹѡ򲻸ʡ
һУ޷ϫĮȻɫһ˿ı仯
˿̣һʯ壬гľ֡ŭԹ֮ɫһֲ䣡
ۣ
ͷ­նѪȪӿͷʬȻء
λϵɽӵȨڣϫϵľ˾ˣе
ˣΪ׵һ߲ȫ
µڣϫδ˶¶κղһ㣬ͷ­һͷ­ϣȶһ˿
ָоͺһλϹڱ֯һרע档
ӶһϾʹһصҾٲά衣
Ҳиһ֣Ϊ֪Ա˶ԣиǿԱԭµģҲУиһ˿Ҳζžһ֣Ϊ̫أõܵܺһȥе
һ߰еһͷ­Сϫһૡ
ɽܿܿΪϣһͷͿԾοֻ˼һƫԶСɨǣ϶硭ԣǴǲеʹͳ޵ģȻףֺαطϻ
ǳޣ֮һ壬ҲֻΪ˸𣬵ڡˡ
Ҷԣֶкܶ࣬ǵΪȫϳΪū̧ͷǵĻһһȡձþֶĥĿ޷޷
һվûܹģԣֻ
૵ԵúƽûֻڳһʵУϫѾһͷ­𣬵ȴշصѧԺŶе̳ǣ쵱Щȥĳˡ
һУƺһ״ƣ˴ܵһǰΪɡ
ƣһ̴Ӻڰ߳ԡ緢һɱ䣬ػ
ν
ĥǰĲ׹;Թ˾ȥܳɽ
ɲǳԶٳƾħϺޣɳﹸ


1455 ĩ
βɳĮϣȾѪĿꡣ
һԾ֮䣬ɫѪҺȾǬʬǱ鲼أлǿɱУΪ֮
ûгϫ˴ڣһƬ򣬺ܿͻɽǿǰѰЩĴϡײԵ
зֲؾд˶
һԾԹٲ׳Ļ֮󣬾ֻʣЩк桢ȾѪɱΪеġر֮ء
ȻǰһлδĻ֮ʱ
նɱ壬һѪܵͷ­֮󣬳ϫĿЩɱϡ
Թˣջʱ
Ȼεջ֣ܵԳ
ϾһʱļҶԾ̫еڱʮ֮࣬벽ڸǲϰٺš
ȴеıˣ
ǵ٣ÿһɱ磬Կ˵ᣡ
Сģ
ȳϫжٿȻһɻɬ֣ܿƵس̫ߡ
ҲһվԭվϿգٿȻӿֳһڰʱУ
ĩУȻҾ֪̫Ͻ̲ʹֵģ
ĿһڰУΪһ񾳴ڵ̫ȾȻһ¶һĨݣ͵߳ˣ
ৣ
ӰһͰŻڡһ𣬴ųϫӰһɲǼ䣬ŲƳһƬ
βɳĮ֪ʱһɿֲصõ̫λ񾳴Ҳ޷Խ
ɫԶ΢΢һͣӰʩչֶΣһĹĻܣһС
ĩѵһĺƽҪ￪ʼŻɫܡ
û취ŲˣȻ紫ĩһüݱӿһĨء
ԣнԿһɫ΢䡣
һƾճֵĺڰУȻλ˼ɵкεȿɲ
Ϊļµǣ̫ԣĩоƺһϯĺƽйأЩˣ
ǰʲôĩУ
ϫ̲סʣոմñٴȱʣвЩɲԼоһпɺϣƺѱƺõһ
һ־֮߱췣ֶΣ֮Уһ֣Ҳζźƽٽ٣ʱɽ򷨣ʱ˵ᡭ
̫ȷɿһ䣬˵Щȷʱἰ
ԱߵİŻͬѵСģһжֻǴţȴͻأ֣˵׿ЩˣֻпֲһС
֪һУһļ²ѣһопǱ˲ݵģò̫ϽѾĳıİɣ
ˣ
ڴʱԶڲϵĺڰУȻʼתؼſѪڣ籡һɿֲļµҪǬ
һɲǼ䣬ٿȻһɫգԭİ类ҹʴһڰС
һѹޱȵѹٿȻɢﶼ־УһļžΨһڰڷת
ܹ֮䣬ǴϵĲкʬǡѪıͳͳȡһڰɣ
Ѫ
ĶǵһĻ̫˲ɱҧƺ̫Ͻ̵ĵβɳĮ֮ǰͱ˲úһֶˣ
ô˵ЩβɳĮеļһ˼£Żһ
ǱȻģߣ̫Ͻ̣
ߣҲֻǣŻѾ˼һУЩʱѪ꣬ʩչѪ֮Ӷĩе
λ񾳵ɫԶЩ֮ǰԴһ޲нԶһ˿õԤУһֱƲݵĸо
¡¡
ʱƣһĩת񣬲ֲ֮䣬ѹޱȵļ¸о
ǵ̫ɲϫоͷƤЩ飬оԼԣֻ˲ͻᱻи˺촷ˡ
˵ɫҲòҪôڣҪôǷ񾳴ڣĩʱɸеһļɵ
ô죿ܲԴС
Żüзƾ֮ȴǱŸֲɻ֪ζ
⣬֮ƣĩɽУע޷ܿһˡ
̫̾бӿһĨȻ֮ɫĩƽ٣Ҳܹκǡ
ѵˣǰʱԺ˵Ǿ仰
ȻʲôݵӿһĨ֮ɫ٣ȴĻԵҲע
̫ȺͰŻԣнԶһʶʲôҲӿһĨȣһޡ
˿̣һĩеĿǱòͬټɵپɣһ˿
˽Զɻ󣬸˼
Ψδֻһ߾ܿ񾳣֮һȻ૵ԵԵ
λǸһǾõˣ
ڴʱһЦأ͸һɰԵ֮羪װؼ¡¡
ৣৣৣ
Ӱƿ˲ƶΪ֮ݿȼڻ棬ţƿߡ
ˣȻ͢
ֻʱͷ֮ػһɫگͷųһɿֲϡ㲻ƣȻĩвһ˿صϵңӦ
ʱϫȻһʱףȻ̫Ʋǰ㣬һж̫Ͻ̱󶯵ֽš
͢ԣһߺһĮŮӣΨһͬǣ߻½Զһӵϡ
Ȼλ񾳴ڣ
λ棡
ʱڤȻɫ䣬Զ¶֮ɫǵɫѿޱȡ
λ˶ķ񾳴ڡ޺仪
ڤ˵ķӦϫҲһӲµ˵ݣɫҲԶ΢΢仯
֮ǰ֣ȴ̫Ͻ洫ڶ͢һ֣ϹӶͬһˡ
ⲻص㣬صǣĩеĳ֣Ȼ͢йأ䵱͢ͷŵһɫگʱ̫ȵλ񾳴ڶʱȷһ㡣
Ϊһɫگǵ̫Ͻ̽еġ̫Ϸگ
֮һеıվ̫Ͻ̽Ӱӣ
һ𿰱ɽ֮ˣŮ洹֮Ů洵ϴڣ̫ŴԳı˲֪ٳֶѣٲȻһֲֿηϴ棡
Ҳֲ֮ǰûвһ˿˿һж̫Ͻ̽ƣ֮Умܲ


1456 
͢޺仪ĵִһƺѾס
һѾĲֵı
ڲìΪ̫ϽѾȫòͬ
ûպȻ뿪ѧԺʱԼʦǺӵһԻ
̫ϽЩһֱڰв֣Ҫһƽ֮ʣΪ£ȷ̫Ͻ̶ƿء˥֮٣һףֻò˶ã̫Ͻ̵Ӱӱ㽫ɽˡ
ʱձ㻳ɣ̫Ͻ̰һеڶϯµĵһԱǰһУҲӡ֤һ㡣
ĩгִ֣͢ơ̫Ϸگ֣һеһУԤʾţڲĶֻ̫Ͻ̲ȡжĵһˡ
ֹǻգҲ²µһ㣬ɫԶһĨ
̫Ͻ̾Ŀʲô
ضƲ⣬ĩгֵһ𣬾ԤһϯĺƽҪױˡ
һеı󣬽Զ̫Ͻ̵ֱʣ
ȻһƽѱԤ̫֮ϽҲ޷ƿأˣȴƲǰһƽٱ

λѲµһЩʲôϧ׵ĻЩˣĩе£һж޷ŤתҲС
ִ֮͢󣬱ЦڣٲȻһƿ£ʤȯյļơ
ͷɫگƣĩңӦγһɶеƣֻΪһ㶼η̫ȵˡ
һУ̫ϽУ
̫俪ڡ
ҵ֮ܽɱôǵѪҺ׼ӶĩУ
͢شĺ̹ȻԴ֮һɾš
п̫Ͻ̵ľλʮ벽֣̫Ͻ̻湻ģ
̫ȼڡ
˵ˡ
͢ҡͷЦģֻ̫Ͻ̵Ӱˣڽǰɽʱעǵˡ
˶٣ֻЩϧκ̣ҲǸ˲ţΪ̫ϽԺĻԻͣҲӦġ
ͰһõԵüΪᡣ
̫Ͻ̴ˣ̫飬ʶ飡
ޣ仪λҲˣͶ̫ϽֻΪӣǾȻɸԸ䵱߹䱯
أڤȳ⣬͸һɳ֮ޡ
ǻ׵޺һϮµ仪ɫƽΪ
һ峤ǰǱ̫Ͻ̳ϣɲЩܹȵġЩ֮ݷУ޷Ϊ̫Ͻıѡ
޵Įڣ
˻һнԶһԶû뵽񾳴ڣȻںܾ֮ǰѱ̫Ͻ
ô˵ҴҲڱָʹˣ
ڤһ¶޾ߡ
û취˭岻Ը̫ϽأֻȥԸͶ̫Ͻ̵ļˡ
οڵ仪
ϫɫҲ֪һμĸѩĸףҲ游
λ游ΪԸͶ̫Ͻ̶ҲӿһĨŭΪĸ׸е
ΪһףΪԼĸѩϼ̳ˣռ֮λȴȥԭͳ޺仪ϣ
һеıԪף̫Ͻ̣
ǡúݵģ
ڤĿѣݶҪҧ飬һʳһ⣬ȻǷλΪʲô֮ǰ־ǣͶ̫Ͻ̣Ϊʲô
ΪƽֻЩ޷ʵѡ
һΣ޺仪ûпڣֻĮȻԿڤڿһֻ޴İ׳ա
Ƿе֮Ȼ飬ôʲôŭԹ飬ܺ⡣ϫһڡ
ڤȻҲѲµһ㣬ȴһʱ޷ܡ
һ֣ܶϾѪԵϵܱ壬޺ˣֹǴ治ֱ
˭ֻҲִܲˣ
һӣڤ˵ɫҵ˼㣬͸ޱȵķŭͳޣһڶȴΪ̫Ͻ̲ٿصһıֱֻ޵ÿҪ
Ǻǣʵϫ㻹Ӧлл̫Ͻ̲Ŷԡ
͢ȻĿڳϫϣЦ֮ǰԹۣ˳ôָоʹɣ
ϫƽô˵ǲǻøмǣ
͢ЦǵˣֻҪ㽻֮ͺͼƬѾˡ
֮
ͼƬ
ڳ˲һ㣬Ե˻ʱнԶһ𣬵û뵽ϫһһرˡ
̫λ񾳴ҲǶݲѣǵ֮ǺͼƬɶǶĹ屦
ֻҪӦɱ̫Ͻһɱˣ˵ٶ࣬Ҳһüͷ
ϫȻ˵
͢ɫһȻЦСһɱˣĸ񻹱ѹβУһʲô⡭ֻҲԸܰɣ
ϫкâһвӿһĨɱ
ҪΣܹ֪βڣûб͸̫ȷɿ촫ǸϫһŶ衣
̸һĩһֱתݣԲʮ֮صն˺ñ顢ݣһֲĻҺڶ
ƻһ־˵ٶɢò˶ãὫβɳĮû
һһֱʱ䣬ڵȥˡ
Żü
ֳ̫Ϸگĩ໥ͨȻһ壬Կ͵ǺĩжԿֻû취ɱ
̾Ϣ͸ųأΪԭ͢ʱѶȥɱԷˣĻᵽڡ
԰꣬ĩʱҲκβҵȣ黹ת
̫ȺȻˣһɱ̫Ͻ̽ӰӣʱԺҲвһЩԵΣֻҪȱ֤Լţ赣ʲô
ŻںԣԶĬȻ
Ȼֻʣµȴȴһתĳֻ֣ת֣
˭Ҳ޷ȷ
ôѵΪ컹˵أ
͢ˣȴǽסЦɫ˲ñ飬ƽ٣˭ҲܲΣҲֻΪ
˶٣Ŀһɨ̫ˣЦȻΪлܵõϹĻԵʵǣܣ
̫ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ա¡
ԴԣȴٴηһĨκˣһƽٵ٣ѵʹеϹйϵɣ
Ϲ
ǿǴ˵ܾӵĹȣֻڹޱȵĵ伮֮УӵУڻ翪֮ǰѾڣ
Թȴ˵˭ִܵϹģʶҲѱ˵
ֻһС֮۵Ĵ߲ϹĴڲǴţڴڵģ


1457 Ժ
ϹĴкܶ࣬ʷС
̫ȡŻڡȷ񾳴ڣҲȷϹȻڣ֪Ϣ֮أһƬȣ
Ϲ򾿾дЩʲôȴһ֪
ԽˣϹԵأЩ񾳴ڶԣһջ
ͺñ˼ʿԶĽϼٷɽһԷ񾳴ڶԣͬĽ緶룬ִϹѰռ壡

͢һֱӷ̫ǵ룬ǸеЩԽܡ
ǵģѴԺǺӵĻУƷһƽٵĽ٣Щ񾳶ԣΣлһ߻Ե
һ߻ԵǽϹ;
͢ȴȻһУνܵˣ
Ȼǵǲ˶٣ܵӰ죬ֻһ뵽޷ⳡƽѰٵһ˿ԵֻҲ޷һƽˡ
ߣ޷ܿһƽ٣ɲ̫Ͻܹˣ
Ƥһ߳
٣ܹ죬Īˣ̫Ͻ̱֮ϳˣʲôƽֶҲκβҵˣͽе
͢ЦĲмͱġ
˻һ̫ȵ޷Ϊ͢ԣ̫Ͻܹ֮飬Ѳʲôܡ
ʿ־Ž١һؽѣ䱳󼸺̫Ͻ̵Ӱˡ
ʲôеף̫Ͻֻƿصһѣʲôģ
ˣϫȴ俪ڣͬ⼥仰ǵʼخԣֻŲõ͢ϡ
˻һ͢ɫʱһֻС϶ѣȻֱ̫Ͻǹֱǲ֪
ֹ޺仪ɫҲһɱ¶
һʱ֮䣬ѹֳţһ̾ͻһһս
žžž
ȻڴʱһĹٿȻԶ𣬸ɺͽ࣬һɵĸо
˵ĺãҿ̫Ͻ֮Ҳ磬ҲһȺĹѡ
ŹԶһ󲨶ӳֳӰһͨģᣬȴϲɣ֮ɫϴ
ԶԶȥһƬǿգԺȡ
ߣһ꣬ݰףӯӯһϮȻһη
ˣȻǵѧԺԺǺӺɽСʦ룡
Ժ
̫ȵ۾һǲϵ룬Ǻӳʱжʱ󶨣֮ǰǰء
Ǻӣ
ͬʱԯܡԯ⳾ԯرڤˣҲϳݣΪ֮һ
ôȥˣλɽһѧԺԺٴ䣬ĵȷܹ˴š
ɽ롭
ڳ֮У˳ϫ֮⣬ֻδϳǽݣһʱ֮ɫҲӿһĨĹǼǼɵһ㡣
ȻΪľ͵ϫˣԴɽ֮⻹ͷһμСʦ㣬ܲˣ
˵ڳϫУСʦĴڣֱҲô֪Լæط꣬Ǿϲӡ
ʦ㡭
̲סһ
Сʦܡ
ϫŮװһЦ۾䣬ЦݿףһַԷθĻϲ
˵ʱƾնĳϫ򣬸пˣЩίˡ
ϫҡͷʲôί
ǣʦֵƣ̫ȵ˽Զ֣ʲôʱ򣬳ϫȻһʦˣ
ڤҲһһ㶵ģŮװŮܹǺһǰֻ·ͬѰˣǸû뵽ǶԷʦˣ
˭
ߣѧԺǺӣɽʮ룬ǹȻˡ
ԶǺӺĵֻ͢һ㼴ָƽƲеж⡣
Ļȴ̫ȵкݺһ𣬳ףԭŮװ꣬Ȼɽ״еʮ룡
ɽ
ǿͳΪصһߴڣֻʮȲŮ洵̫Ͻƴ󣬿ȴ˸СǣⱾ֤ɽĵǺε֮ǿˡ
ΪҪǣɽһֱӡأеӼУνײβҲɽɽͳӡУ
ɽֵһ͵ѧԺǺһܲ𺳡
ҲˣǵǺܿ˳ϫΪγƺԷΪʦˣΪǺ֮ǰϫɽżϵֻȴ˭Ҳûɽ״ˣ
ȥֻ·Ǻ䶯²ɡ

ԶĩвϺתһ͢˻ʱȻʺɡ
ܿ죬˱°עǰֻΪǺӺĵȴȻͬ
εӰˣ˰ģҲ˱ܹ衣
µΣһƽվ̫Ͻ޹أҲֻһЩֶΣһƽǰһʱѣ̫ϽܹȫƿҵԵڡ¹˭֣δ֪
뿪ڣһƬ֮ɫԣͶ֮䣬ӯһ۷š
ϫ̤벽Ȼ޷ŵСʦΪﵽ˺εȲΣ
ߣƽ٣ܿܿۻܹһʱ䣬Щ񾳡ԣɲĩ٣ĪΪƾҲΥҲʲôݣ֮£Ҳһͽˣ
͢ߣȴδĻ
̫֮Ͻ̵ȷֻ֮޷ȫƿأ̫Ͻֻ̫ʱڣƿˡ
֮վãƽ֮ʣһԱ֪
شƵᣬ˵⣬ȻüһЦЦ͢㻹ٹȥ
˵ʱˣһƽ޷أλ԰ǰ⣬һڣ緶룬ΪɽŮ洵̫Ͻ֮һԿƽټ㽵٣Ҳжһ߻ˡ
ԣ˽Զһɲ١
̫ȡŻڡλ񾳴ڣԻһ߻ʱн㶼һһĨϣ
ϣʲô
Ȼһ߻ˣܻãҲζܹںƽ֮ѰٵϹ;
ڳϫЩ֪ΨһܹģǾȴΪһǣֻ˲Żᷢ֡
ûгϫԯܡԯ⳾ԯرδҲڱչسʱ
̫λ񾳴ڣҲֻ²ˮˡ
ٿǺӣǳϫʦ֣ٿ룬ǳϫʦ㣬˵ٲȻһŦĴڣǷȱģֻΪѡ
͢СϫˣΪϵĵ̫֮Ͻ̴еһǣϵĺͼƬڱӵ֮
ԣϫƴڸвǿһǾеģ


1458 
Ļ͢ɫһȻôھż·ˣ
ȴЩˣü̫Ͻɱ񽫾ڸĪΪһ̫Ϸگܻڣ
ɱ񽫣
̫ȡŻڡ͵һ̫ϽλѷĴڣ̫Ͻɱս粻֪£죬ʵ֮ߣȫЩսķǿܹ⡣
ĻȻɱѵִ˵ˣ
βľ
˼ûŹɱ񽫵ţָܹ֤λ񽫱ȻѰ֮ˡ
͢ԣͬҲȻɫ䣬޷򶨣Ѿµˣ
벻мҲֻҵȵɵϰɣ
¡
أ쳹һҲһʱ֮䣬콵꣬ãضȾһƬʥҫۡ
һصĿע£ߵӰ̤磬ԡÿһŨŨϢֱڤ֮⣬
ǵƣֹ죬ضһ̲ڡҶλ˿
ǵִضһɿֲµѹ⣬ѹȵʱңתǬңﶼһһĿֲС
ȻǱ̫Ͻ̵ɱˣ
ǳϫҲסһϣܵһСޱȵѹϢֻҪԷһͷһ񣬶Ĩɱ
Һ߻Ǻӣһ˲䣬һɼµĿֲѹϢͱֻóϫɫźת
ɼˣһѵõҲϫʶ̫Ͻ̵ɱ񽫣ʵֻУǵȿֲĴˣ
ϫˣҲòڳҲΨ롢Ǻʼնһɴݲȵơ
͢λʦ塣
λ񽫽٣͢ޡ仪ҲǱù
ضһҪ
ΪһһƳɫĿڣΪߴ󣬶ŵһɽ㣬űըĿֲ
ֹߵλ񽫣ŮͬһϣԹУؼλɱ㡣
ǳ񽫣ߵķֱħ񽫡񽫡񽫡񽫡׿񽫣ÿһλӵС΢񡯵۷ʵ̫Ͻ̼ҳϵȮ̫һֱɱ¾
ôʱ䣬ɿѶԷһ顣
̫ʱڵʥ֮٣ǰħٱ󣬶ɱ񽫵Ӱûɱ˲֪ǿߣһֱʱʱ̸̫̿Ͻߣűܹ˲ٽٻ򡭡˵Ҳˡ
ֻ֮СĿţҪҶȼĴڣܹԿġ
ϣص˳ϫһ䣬СʦܣмǽߣĪҪǿ
һ˵˵ǳϫ岻֣̫ȷ񾳴ڣֻΪˡ
·չ޳
˴ʵĲ೬ĳ֮Ҳֻʵܡ

룬ôû벻㻹ǵҵˡ
Ȼǳ񽫿ڣŵһƳɫһͷͷ㣬ӳĵ
˵ʱλ񽫵Ŀ⣬ҲǺϣˣֱӾͱԵˡ
ֹˣ˿̵͢޺仪Ҳֻܴһԡ
̫ϽߵȮ˭ǣ
λ죬˸Žµɱ治ɫ˵ǺֱԶԷ
һɫߣطϻҵȼȻˣôŮ洵λǷԳˣ
Ů洵
ϫ۾Ů洵ĸҲѵִˣ
ʶһ㣬нԶһݣ֮ǰǿɴδƻᷢչȵزˡ
ĩг֣֮͢ʣǺӺҲǶ
ԭΪһжҪֳˣ˭룬̫Ͻ̵ɱҲڸŮ洵ĴˣҲѵִ
һ뵽ղԼһоһ֪̫λҲסֱð
ҲˣΪ֮ǰ˵һѳĳַ룬ΪɽŮ洵̫Ͻߵͳ֮ĶԿ
ȻˣŮ洵λҲһɡ
Ц
£ԶĲУȻʻһҹΡıǱͨȼڹһֽڴⱼ۶ҫʮء
һɲǼ䣬ٿȻִ˵أâһӳֳӰ
Ϊ׵һ멣䲩Ůӣֻͻӹ߳һo㡣
ߵλͬҲŮӣòвͬԶׯ֮λϤףȻŮ洵һʯ
Ҳѽ񾳣ɴ˿ȴֻܸλŮɫ͸һصζ
ȻΪλŮӣȻŮ洵еĴ
ѣϵѡ
Ů洵һΪ멵ŮӴ£˹ǺӼ
ЦЦȴôܸˣ
λŮ洵鹬Ϊ׵Ƕ鹬Ԫλֱ鹬գ鹬ξ񣬱鹬ء
ĸͬԶӵС΢񡯵Ϊ̫֮ɱ񽫲£Ƕ鹬Ԫǻеһ֤ʵɲ⡣
ʯȴδܡ
ˣ֪λׯŮӾһλλԺɱ񽫿Ĵʱϫ𾪲ѡ
ߵͳĵ̣Ѱɽ¶ˮɵʱǵη¡
ʱ򣬳ϫҲʯ˸к˴ղ˼㼴עڳС
Ͼʱɲɵĺʱ
ʵŮ洵һ˳ֿʼֳվͿʼȻһ䣬жһɱζӿз֮ơ
Ů洵һشкһУʱ޿̲ں̫Ͻһ棬νɱķ
Ѱ˸ʱкֻѱĨɱ֪ٴˡ

Ů洵һ˳֣λ̫Ͻ۾ɫԶñ࣬һ˿ɱζ
Ů洵ֳˣɽأѩŵˣƺᡭֻ¶ڼįɣ
Ȼٴοڣ˸ź˵ϢҼǴˣŵںܾǰ䲻Σɽܲһǰðհɣ
˵⣬ĿƳһǺӣЦЦλ˵ʵĵӣҲɽĴˣϧ̳еģȴ֮һƽٽ٣ֻľˡ
ڴˣǺҲЦЦΪȻƵᡣ
˻ϫУȴһ֮خǰͷǰߵȫͬĵ;


1459 ̫
ΪϫȤǣ񽫿еɽѩŵˡƺᡭĪǾԼʦǣ
ἰɽȻЦˣһһٵҴʦڣ߸һҲϧЩ֮¡Ҷʦڣֻˣϧԣ䲻
˶٣ʦڣֻɱ̫ϽʮȥʦڡǺǣ߽̻Ǹôˡ
˵⣬͸һĨȻʦʦ㣬ʦҡʦĲɱ֮⣬ĸѹһͷ
һһʣ佾
һԹİɽÿһӵĵ̡
Ȼϳϫڣ֪ɽֻ״ʮˣۼĿԶԶ޷Ů洵̫Ͻȡ
ۼ̺ʵ˭˵ѹɽһͷ
ɽ֮ƮȻȥ֪꣬ɽȻߵͳ֮Уδ
ǵ̣
ֵЩ״ϣԣһжֵ뽾
һԵĳϫֻĳȣѪѣܹܵеĽҲһɵĸо
ЩŮ洵Ĵ˲δ¶κΪ֪Բ١
̫λ񾳴ںԯܡڤյһ࣬ȻҲֻɽеɱ񽫵˵ɣ
һУȴһɫɭȻŷŭ𣬿ȴδȥ粵ʲô
ֿ֮ûбҪʣǵȷɽٵΪɵѩŵˣƺⲻǾͻηԷˡ
ο̫ϽпҲɽһڵӵĴڣ

̸֮ʣԶµһĩһֱתĺף𽥱Ϣ
ڷתֻû͸һļµһɿֲµš
ȥò˶ãǵͻĩ籡
ƺҲʶı仯ɫٿȻƽüӿһĨɱһ棬ƺҲ˷ֳʤʱˣλΪأ
˻һɱ
ʵ˵Ĵ²ֻɽЩû٣վЩϧ
Ȼȴ¶һĨصЦݣѰζ
һ£أһ͢͵һչ˫ۣͷһɫ̫ϷگٿȻڿն
ˣ
һɿֲϵĺɫ̫Ϸگֱ֮ϣ˷ƣضɫ䡣
һ˲䣬βɳĮϣȻӿһŤ񱩵ĺɫÿһɴϸӡŷޱȵĻɬġ
ԶԶȥβɳĮɲǼ䱻ɫһְ˼ʮ
βɳĮ֮㸲ǧﷶΧɴʱһĺɫ֣ÿһֶ֮ƬضӲǵ龰ֱǺ˵˼¡
һĻ̫죬ӳ񽫻£ٵ͢һ̫Ϸگ̸ûκηӦᡣ
롢ǺӡԪ˶Щֲ
ûвһУһĻ̫ͻأɵҲֲ̫ǼҪ֣ҲֻʶȥˣɱС
ΪѸ֪ȻһѾĲúõ󣡸һǽԶᵽһ˿ΣյϢ
̫ԴϹ򣬲Уû뵽̫ϽȻ̫Ͻѹ׵ͼóˣ
һһ¶ؼɵ֮ɫ
˵ʱڣһƵıǿܳһĻԴ˵һɫĽɱ
֮أȫĺɫǣЩɫӡŻɬķģͷųֲĻֶ̳Ĵֲ֮ʱն顢촷ۣޱȡ
˵Ǹ̤񾳵̫ȵˣиܵһΣգĻҳɣ׷׼ɱȫֿ
̫󡭡ķѰ֮޷¡֮ǰҲһѣ̫ϽΪһʤںܾѾʼˡ
Ů洵Ԫڣ˵ɫȴɳׯ࣬ʥݣֽһڹͷųʢߵҲС
ԣɫԶޱȡ
Զû뵽δʼ֣һɲǼ䣬ǵĴѱ᧿ΣͻıʣǵҲóء
䵱⡰̫󡱾ӵУԴϹеĴУ̫ϽɱΧǣ֪икεΣˡ
Ȼһڰ֮ǰͱ̫Ͻ̿ʼֲˣĻֶΣκĺ
ֶΣ
ϫɫ䣬͵ڷ֮ʱʯҲͬ͢粼õġֶ
ʱǺͼƬ͵֮һ˲С
һĻ͵
ֻΨһͬǣ⡰̫ҪΪֲǵ֮޷ŵһ˿һ˵ȥƳˣ
δ롢ǺӡԪǵɫоܹһкε֮ɲˡ
Ҳʱ޲ߣֻܱ
¡¡¡¡
һɫعͨһƿoе췣֮ޣϳϫǺݺݱ̢֮ͷųɲɱ
һʱ֮䣬ǵӰѱĺɫǣãֻԭƴ
ƺЩ
Ǻụ̈벢˷ɱܹܵ⡰̫󡱵Ŀɲ
˵ʱݳʲôգȥֻ»ᱻ
һеȷ֮ǰδǹģɲֹ̫Ͻкˣʦֲصǡ
벨ڣֻӿűɭķŭһжͬıãȴû룬δչԷУЩ߳ŭ
˵ʱͬҲ˶һ飬˽ԶĲ١
ѣƵҪʱ֮ңЯ˲رҲЩó
Ů洵Ԫɫݣɴ
ǿɾлԪˣܷõϻ˵ء
Ц
̸֮ʣһֱȫ̫󡱵ɱЩɫʵ̫ɲɬֲƻ
ÿһĨɱڣ̫λս񾳵ĴڣҲұ֤ûǵıԼܷҴˡ
λѣΪĸоΣҼҽΪ׼ɾǰˣ
أ⴫͢ĴЦ־һ


1460 
̫Ȼ̫Ͻã
͢ǵĴЦϫнԶɲ
ûô򵥣
ȴɲͷܼģΪѤĻε˷ɱ
ǵȻ
͢ЦβɳĮ·βųħףʥ޷֮ǿ֪ʵС֮ϡǳ̫Ͻֱ̽ʣĿģɲΪѹϵͽΪ˽ɱЩˣ
أ͢ٴηŴ쳹أһƿµĽβΪĩΪۣϹеֱ̫ʣɽһڵ٣ҲĿܣ
ϣЦ費һ˼¡
䣡
Ϊӡ֤͢Ļһ̣βɳĮġ̫͵ٴαǣĥ̵ĺɫŤĴ򡢱̢
һɲǣٴαֲƺҪƬضУҪʱ¶촷ۣҪﶼɱ
ƺֹһ
һжԴǲϿյġĩСϣǶڡ̫еԴȪңӦ˴ڣ̫ƣ
βɳĮ֮£ԭһؾеβҲһһɬܵķģ׺̫͡󡱡ĩСΪһֱ˴ˡ
ôβв֪˶ڲͽӣȫһ̣뱩ж
ǵѪˮꡢʬԪͳͳһɹֶ󡱳ȡ˲һա
ϫһĻֻ»˲ɫ䣬Ϊĸѩǣ

͢ĴЦ̫Ա仯ñе˽Զɫٴαãأ
Ϊһ̣ʵʵڸܵһɿɲѹΪ̫ڲϷ̳
һ̣뺱سĬˣɫһأһеȷϡ
Ǻüë
Ů洵ԪաξλɫҲһ̱ء
̫󲻶ĿֲɱȵҲʼеòȫֶֿ֮
һ̣̫ȡŻڡλսĴڣ˿Ҳұ׷׳˷ѹ
ڳϫԯܡաδǣһȴֻţԽƣȴﲻæ
Ϊ̫µΪͲ
ˣҪ̫ĩСβҵɱҵѪΪĩУӶһƽٽ١
ȻڣɫޱȣúĻֲõʦ˵ۼıֶΣ֮У̫ϽΪȻϲ۰
УѴһĨ⡣
˻һʱһľɱѪΪӶǰƽٽ٣
̫ϽıֶΣֱǺţ˼
ǳϫвԾ˾Żɿʦ䣬ǵ̫Ŵ̫Ͻݺһѣڵٴ֮ʱ䣬һд˱֪̫Ͻεȿֲˡ
ʦãٵˡ
Ǻӿڣ̫ڲȥǵĴֻԽԽΣգԣ֮ƴȫ˴󣡡
ԣҲԶΪȻһʱ֮䣬Ŀ롣
ȴü֮ǰôʦѩڡݹһδݳףҴʦԣͷת֮ת֮ȴƺδ֡
Ȼ˵Ӧò
Ů洵Ԫ˼ǽԶۼ֮ߵͳ֮Уɽǹϵĵһ
Ŷǰɽ֮뿪ɽѩٲȻͳΪɽ֮ߣֱ׷ɽˣ
ԪѩΪһУƷζһ˿ζ
ɱ񽫣֮ǰҲƺѩΪɽӣνĲͬȻȫһ
ڻڣɽĴܹǧǨ֮ʣһ̺֮˴ѩ
ѩڣһˡת֮һŷѡ
ҵģת֮û֣Ǿˡ
̾˿ŷԼʦ֣ʵ¾̫Σգ̫Ǵ᧿Σ
ˣʵ롣
ȻˣǾƴһƴνתȴȥȡ
ǺɫȻڡ
һʱõ˸͡
ȻûԸ˱̫УԴҲû𣬵ƴһƴȥһת
ˣ
أı͹ӡʥࡢŴ֮񽣷ֱԪաξС
һĵֲӿŹǽɱһƬɫ׷ٻĨɱ
ǵƣ
޽
ȻӿһĨ󣬡벻ǹȻﶼóˡ
䲻ʶıɵжжϣһ˲õˣ
Ȼǿ߷ƿص
ЩֶαΪɱɱ׼ϧȴֻǰ¶ˡ
ԪЩϧ
ްﻹһ顣
ǺЦſڣ˵ʱſһ磬һѪɫӿ֣ͨϣ渡֡ģʺΣ͸һĿֲɱ⡣

˵һ飬˵һɱµ̫ʱڣ£ɱ졢ɱءɱ𣡺ųӵ֮
˱۾Զһ֪̫ŵĵ;֮ɱ֮һױ겻֪¾ͬʱڵˡ
˴޽͵ٸҵȵӦƵˡ
¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ǿжɣ
ǺɫӿһĨɱʺѪĵΪƽһɱ
ʱ˶ѷ׷׼Եĵⱦÿһƾ֮ڤˣҲһƿ̫鼫Ʒ
ԱߵĳϫҲһۻң಻ѡ
Ϻ˽Զһ񣬷֮ǰǰأνϲϣңˡ
Ҫ֮ʣȻƲʲô
䣬ֻһ̫ɱ֮һ̱࣡
ͺԭиɻһͻȻһȱһ㣡
˵ʼʱǿ࣬ڸղţѾǱˣǵٽڽǿʼ˥
ͻı仯ʱ۾Զһ䲻ԭ򣬵ȴԼͬѡѡ˵һʱ䶯֣


1461 췣
ͣ
ı޽ڿգͷϣԲǧĺɫȫն𣬷ٻһա
νڣаף
ԪաξѩλŮ洵鹬ƿ£ļԷص

һѪɫ鷭гһɬѪɫġɱն¾ꡢ桢ơÿһѪɫֽԶ֮ɱ֮֮
һ֣ɱ¶Ѫ֮ΪʱΪ䣬һƬ
ǵе֮
¡¡
ǺӡԪ˴£˳ɱȥ̫󶼺һζݡ
ֳɢβɳĮһִͨ޾ĺɫݿ塢촷ۣⱬ顢׷ɡԵüҶޱȡ
ҺǷ̫Уȹֻ¾˲Ϣβһٻˣ
ⲢǿţҪֵ֪Ŀǡ΢񾳡Ĵڣoÿһӵл֮ܡ
ϴ޽͵Ⱦ񱦣ǳǵܣֹһɲ˵ã
̫֪εԭͻȻ˥ǡҲϫǴ˿ɳ֮䣬ѽҪͻΧ

ʱ̫⣬Ҳء
ʦ壬⾿˺£͢ɲɫأ̫һɲǣͱע⵽ȴ޷ϳԵɡ
ټϣ˳ôʱʼжʱһ˿ĸо
ղƻβĽơ
ĮȻһӿ˵⣬Ӧβ̫ĺȴƻǺĩС̫ʧȥϵҲܵӰ졣
ֱ˿ֻ̣ԴǼȴӿһĨ֮
ߣȻҵƤµң֪ңó
֪͢һУɫʱһҧ䲻ѡ
ļħͻѾȥ̽ǰĵȴǡ
ĮȻԶ̫󣬡Ӳģһƽע˭Ҳ޷
ৣৣ
ڴʱһ󲨶Ӱ֣Ȼħ񽫺ͻ񽫣ֻ˴˿̵ȴ͸һĨ
ôˣû鵽
üʵ
ǵִʱѾˣҪǣβеĽƱƻһգʱ޷޸
ħһһϮۣһͭߣ¶һޱȵͫףԵޱȡ
һɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
Ҫ֪ɱ񽫣һӵһݺ磬Ĵڣ
񣬾ȻǵƤƻβ˵ǲһ˿һֶοЩֲˣ
˭
һ̣Ҳƾһ˿ɣɢԼ־ɨԲǧ֮أ֮طȥ̽ͬһ
ʦ壬˸òǱڸɣ
͢ؿڣԱߵ޺仪ҲЩ¶ʱ֮£ܹء
ᣬѾ뿪ˡ
ħҡͷˣǷ٣ŮǰҲȻ޷ҵֵܵĶĿ
뿪ˣѵ˲ǺɽŮ洵һģΪҪƻβ
͢ü
Ҳеɻ
ڲЩʱѾҪ֮ǱǶɱ̫С
俪ڣгⲻɵ
ôܣǿ̫󣬸ĩܹ֮ƻģ
͢УڣҲ̫Ŀɲ֮˿ǾҪĿܻ᲻Ծˡ
һŮ洵Ĵ޽ټǸµһǵʵǰ첻
üɨ͢һۣסʲôʱ򶼲Ҫ͹ɽŮ洵ͣҲ粼һУҵǰˡ
һǳ⣬͢ʱ
Ϊ֮ƣҪǳ׶ɱ̫УƺֻжһЩѪֶΣǰ췣֮ˡ
һԵħ񽫵Ȼڡ
񽫲δԣȻĬһ㡣
ȻˣǾôɡ
񽫿ڣ͸һ˿ֵζԵΪء
ԣ͢лɻ󣬵һԵ޺仪ȴûһ˿µĸо
ˢˢ̧ȥͿ񽫡ħ񽫡Լλһ̣ҲĿǡ
Ŀһɲǣ޶͵ؿһһã
䣡
ʶأӰһɺԼԼıһؿɱ񽫡
λʦ֣Ǻ⣿ѵҪҶˣ׿ڴӦҶһΪ̫Ͻ£֤Ҷ˿ԽϹֽ֮࣡
俪ڡ
ͻ͢΢΢һоһУźۼضɱ񽫺󷽡
Ϊ̫Ͻ̳ϣҲӦսɣΪ˽棬һ˽ԶҪʱñ׼
޶˵ľͶţǻȻ⣬ĮȻ飬һβǣһ³ɣ̫Ͻ̿˳ƽͳ֮λһ°ܣɲܹеġ
ΪҪҶˣ
޺仪ɫ䣬׹ߣǺ֮ǰͼ̫Ͻ̣Ȼ̫Ͻ̵ֶΣЩ˱ĽͽЩ䵱ӵĽɫ
֮ǰκ̡ԼλӡʮλҪӵǸûϡ
ȴû뵽Ѿǳ񾳴ڣ̫Ͻеĳ֮λһĻȴȻȻԼͷˣ
ΪֻǵѪ췣ۣ֮ȻҲΪǵĵλˣԣֻǡ¼֪ҲȻͬ⡣
ĮȻ顣
ɫٴαã粻͵һҪ˲ƶȥ
ȻҪα
ڴˣɲݣԵúƽ
δ£ߵλƾ׷ɱȥ
ʱ䣬ҽдԶ쳹أ
͢һڣаңҺԼڣֻ¾ҪԼˡ
Ѫȡˡ
ħƾһطʱѶһյƿ
жɡ
񽫻˻֣ĿԶĩУλǿߵѪɨƽһϰˡ

ħһյƿһɫʵѪӿһٵѪɫ磬ٿȻһϢתеĩС
¡¡
ۿһĩȻһƻɬΣ͵ؾҲʲôҪӿһ㡣
ÿһβأ쳹ֲԽԽܼҲԽԽֲ񷶼ʼѡݣض˶һִ󶯵У


1462 
̫С
ǺӡԪǵĴ£ϫһ˴ݿ࣬ѿҪ
һ̣˽Զսʢ
Ĭ͵Ը񣬴˿̴Ҳ¶һĨЦ⡣
ȻʱȻüһȻɫ䣺Сģ
ˣ
䣬һɿֲޱȵϢٿȻǵϢ顢ĮȻϡһȻ
һ𾪵Ŀע£ǴϿյĩУ͵ӿֳһֻ
ڡ䡢䣬ķ˸ظתơ¸ǨС
һ֣ͺ̫ȫںϣͷųһɿֲɱ֮ٴαӿһɫÿһƶ֮ղǿ˲ֹһ
¡¡
ɫӣḥ̂ͷſݺݳϫһɱ¡
أأأأ
ı޽׻ݣӿԪաξѩ˽Զɫһףĵ˲ֹ
䣡
ΪصǺӣһܵ˿ֲɱҪѪ㣬һζݡ
ҲǺۣ͵һѪ
һգ۹һ֮ǰȡõƣȻ޴棬ܵ˲ٵĴˣֻܷ׷˱ܲѡ
췣ۣ֮
ɫأ͵ؼһڵĺɫƤͷǿסǵȿֲĹ
Ƥһӡƣ졣
ˣ˷һֻɫȴԶޱȣۼֻһƹض˭뾹ᷢȾˣһǵĴٴΣУ֮ǰϾ
췣ۣ֮Ѫζѵ̫ϽΪɱҵȣǿߣ
Ǻɫ࣬췣֮ˣ֮ǰҲ˺ˡ
Ȼ޺仪ɱˡ
ɫ䣬¶һĨԹ̫Ͻ̿ɲֹһôˡ
ԣ־ֺ
Ϊɱǣϧɱλǿߣ֮Ѫ췣ۣ֮
ǿ񾳴ڰ
Ǳ壬Ͷ̫Ͻ̵³
֪һУڤǵķӦȴԵüΪ죬ʹ죬ǱƿЦӾᵽ˼¡
췣֮ۡ
һοϫвƵٴһĨ񡢱ʶеĺͼƬҲƴӳѡ
һڷ֮ʱϫܺͼƬӰ죬һ˺췣֮Ӳս˱ܣΪʯӮһ˿
һκͼƬȴ˳ĬɲǼ䣬ٴ뵽֮Уóϫһ
ԼоͼƬƺһε췣̫֮ǿʢ޷Уѡݷ
һֺ΢ĸоȴϫһͼƬѡݷϻʲôܹ췣֮ۿ⣿
¡¡
췣֮۷ɱϣһƤҲҲݣϵĻƵƵ˸ڼҿ
УȥƤҲֵס췣֮۵Ĺɱ
Ԫɫһ䣬Ʋѡ
˸Щ޴룬ɫԶֳŨŨɫ
̫Ͻһ֣νǺޱȣֱӽ˾УѰٲƽ֮˵п˵ˡ
ʯԶĿϫǿһγϫڷ֮ʱ췣֮۶Կ
ڴˣϫɬһЦҡͷѡ
ʯҲء
̫Ͻ׼ֶ֮࣬ж֮ı֮ܣֱǵˮ©ۣø׼ɲɱ׹֮С
ްĸоɾԲˡ
ڴʱƲʲôȻͷԶ췣ۣ֮ڣһĨϲĻȣλǵתˡ
һת

̫⡣
Σյ蹦Ǳɣ׼һУ䣬ʩչѪ룬һϯĺƽ٣һ˳̫Ͻ̵ˣ
ջĿ⣬ɫӿһĨ֮ɫһʤȯյ̬һĨҪϯµĿ֮
λ񽫽Զɫһ࣬ӿһĨȣƿ磬̫ϽԽ֮һֱĿ꣬ʱ£Ҫʵˣ
͢˿ҲǼѣɣȻ˸ղ޺仪ʱľζ
ʥ
͢૿ڣĿ췣ۣ֮Լĳݡ
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λ׼
һ̧ͷһ۲񷣬췣֮䷢⣬ĮȻ顣
һݣ̫ĿУɱ¶
ڴʱһ秵Ϊͻأؼ𡪡
飬ľ飬飬硣飬ѻ֪Т֮壬Ƚ£Ϳ̿Ƶֽ٣ʥһ˵ҿҲ֮ˡ
ٴ죬Ӵ
һɺޱȵϢůѬһ㣬¡¡ӲԶХ
֮ʣƽ︴գһɲǼ䣬ͽؼֶϢ嵭룡
˭
ɽ᣿
񽫵͵ɫһԶҰ֮УȴֻһͷЮ̰֮˻֮ƣɳ
ǵȷһͷųƻ̫֮صһޣӣب֮ϣƣǺӵ¡
һ֣ض⣬Ҫض
ɽ
ɲǼ䣬񽫵ɫһֲ̫Ǹҵ׷ʩչȫΪԺ֮Ӳ
¡¡
ԱβĴ£Ӳɱõ˲ֹһ֮أʱղ裬Ϊ֮촷ۣ
̳У񽫵˵Ӱ֣δ˺ֻɫǱþŭӣ͸һɱء
ৣৣ
ͬʱһ󲨶ֳӰ
һǿߴֹ꣬ͭɫ룬һ۰׷ֳһ顣
ƺᣡȻǣ
Ӱλ̫Ͻɫѱޱȣü֮֮ɫƣȻλĵִҲ˲ѹ
Ȼʦֺʦһˡ
У俴һУǲһжϳݡ
һӱЦʦֶˣȻ˴ʦֵǴʦֿνתˡ
ԣҲһɽǶһĵϢ
ģȥ󣬰СʦúСʦܾȳЩ˶ˣƺĿһɨܣֱԸԵ۰׷ߣôɱ񽫡


1463 ּ
˵ʱƺжһ
ֻĳߣͨڣΪͨͨȴһַ豹ظС
ƺȰĴʱһ䣬ͭĹͭɫһɻͬɽ֮ǡ
˵ʱƺɣ̤գͷһ񽫺ݺȥ
䣡
һɫ䣬һͷХڤˮ⣬¡¡ɱȥն촷ۣ龰ˡ
̫
ɫƺ֣һֱһָ߸̬ǵĴڣһԲ֣ѳ׼ŭ
˵ʱӰһݣƵһɫ裬ٿȻһɫᣬƺӲ
أ
һײ쳹أ쫷ɢħ޺ѪȵҰ˷
Ӱģʮɫ׽ӡ
ǸˣأԼеĴӣһ񽫸ͳͳһϰɡ
һ֣ƺЦͭٴλӴ⺷֮
һϣƻ˴󣡡
ҧȣ͵ڿնٴκƺ֡
ƺʵ̫ǿɽպһͨƾһ֮ȷ޷֮Կ
λԴˣҲɣȫ
ħ١λһͳһֶԿƺ
ʣµĺ顢׿ݡλ񽫣ΪĬسɱɽĵᡣ
ߣֶ֮ͳͳӹ
ƺ͵ػӶ񽫱ˣӰһ޴ɲǼҳΣӲλȫУ
һڵĴǣȺͷٲȻϵΨ֮ƣࡣ

Ķֱǲ֪
ƺȼŵļƣ׼ŭɱ񽫣׷֮Ӳֺ飬Զɱﵡ
һʱ֮䣬ؼ䣬һoӰ⣬ݺ᷽Բǧ֮ϣֱɱذ޹⡣
֮ĶԿ緶룬õֶΣҲһ֮У֪һսε֮졣
һ̣β޶ܵذնѣݣ׹䣬磬ܣطƣ
βеΪߵͣԶû׷Ӵܣֱ޲һƬҶ֮ء
ЩС֮Ǳƨֱ˹ȥǻҲѾ
һУԶΪһ֮ս

ֱ³ַš£ɥֻ֪ɱɱֱͳ
һսȴ˲ܲڳ۰׷ߣЩߵطһп
ɽģºᣬ֪Թе伮Ϊϲ΢Դ壬ʶºš
ͱͣ˫ָʩʩȻ̫⣬ͷ˿ϵ췣ۣ֮ѩüë૵ЩֻҲƵˣգҲֻܴ³һˡ
˵ʱһߣܣ䣬ȻһȻ
азɳȾΨأ
һ־仯һзģԣһƥ棬͵سֶС
һɲǼ䣬һϹ󣬾һ͵ؾҲɼһʫ侪ˣ
е뿴һĻס˸ۣûλĪҪЦʦ־ǸӣѰϲоһЩ伮ģպ񡣡
ĸҼЦгһʫӵȾ֮֮мܰ쵽
ԷԵͨȻ鴫ҵҲ硣Ů洵Ԫ̾塣
Ҳ׷ס
ϫˣҲסӿһĨԺԼʦ֣
λĪҪ⣬Ҫ׼һУѰ
ѵǴ˿ԱУ췣֮۵ȴǱܣŻǲѹ
һݣԶҵ
Уʫɱʮ㣬ȻվԲһ
⣬Լһ֮޷Ƶ̫᲻üͷһ壬ٴгһʫ
ֹĻնķϹҲհ˻ġ
һɹɿֲĺһַ罣ɱհ˻ĵĺ
һУϤ̫
¡¡
Һضҡɫնϣһգȴɲ
ڴʱǲϵ췣֮Уӿһɿɲɱ֮ͷɱȥ
ѽѽѲ⣬αΪˣȥҲȥҲ
ֽһ͵һ䣬ɢһװǬһɱ֮Ϣ仯⣡
ôʱ͵شһ
һԳһνԣƾն֣һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ӵһνС
ڤڤУһ֣֮ŤĽģй׾ģлɬصħ֮ģζĻġ
Щ϶֣ͬԶһͬ岻ͬʱڵġ֣ӡʷ̺֮֮ܣһ֣һνܡ
ɲǼ䣬νԣ⣬֮⣬ҡǿգ
ƣƿ
ɽܿܿʱ˿̣Զע⵽һɺϵĽ֮ԶĲ֮
һԸ˼ɣɲǼ䣬ɫͲҰһƬȥ񱻳һ㡣
ö겻ɽѵ÷ѵúͿȴ벻⣬һ߾ҿţһסһ֮
ã϶ȻԪóּ
֮ϣŭޱȵ
һɲǣӰƿն£ɱȥħɡ׿λ񽫡
ͬʱǲе췣֮ҲƱŭͷųһɿֲĺɫȦԲ䣬ǣͷնɱɲޱȡ
֣
һɱ֮
ˣ
ƲдƺĴȣʱһƿնҪħɡ׿λ񽫡
ҲҲֻ鲻Խ𣬺һ˵նɱˣһǬ
ƺţҡͷԿڣ˵ʱ͵ذ֮ɨȥ
ৣ
һɲǣѣ
ħɡ׿λ񽫻δüͱһ֮նɱϢʧ
ûκһ˿ĵֿ֮
䣡
ֱ飬촷ۡ
䣡
һҺ̫󱻻٣һգ
һֲ֮˹


1464 Ѫ
һ⺮
һնλ̫Ͻ񽫣ն֣ն̫޼᲻ݣﲻƣ֮ʢڹʷŨīزʵһʣ
ɽܣظ겻ɽһɽ𣬲ԷԪֻΪնɱˣһǬѵһ
ʱ˿̣̫𣬳ϫһ˻ȣĿôĻԶԣþ޷ƽ
ƣȺף
˲ôΪ룬ɫҰףήңأԾҿԲѣѪĴĺʱסǵǷŭ
ϻ쵰Ҳ̫Լˣ֪ˣʦǰǰæᡣ
ּкεǿҲʩչһ˵Ϊս
ƣûǧµĵϢ޷޸ԷٵԪ޷˿ܹ֮ϸһ
ްްѵʹ죬һף֣һƺ«Ϳ
ˣҲֻǰĿ񷡣
ɱλֵܣᣬҪɱţͬʱǲ쳹񽫵˻𣬳޾ߡ
ߣƵʦԷԪʩչּһһ˵ɣ
ͬʱƺŭ쳹ͬŭУȻԪʲôҪ
¡¡
ϣսңⱬ飬ԻޣŲսʱôˣעȥ޻ء
ҪҪǰæ
Ů洵ԪȻڣҲ׷װĿ롣
أңȥæᱻһ٣Ϊǿס
ȿڣֱӾܾ˺⡣
ƲˣֻƺΪʵӦЩ֡
˵̫췣֮ҲŶԣֱڻ֡
Ȼ૿ڣɫһ˿ɻ
ҲһĻԶ΢΢üɻѡ
Ϊһƽ١վסġ
Ȼ̾Ϣɺ
Ǻν⣿
һʵ
ע£Ҳ÷޶𡣡
ͷЩֹոһģ𰸡
ԣ鲻
ϫʲôֻҪ˻ţƽٴƴһ޷ѣֻշһУҲЩƽ
Ǻ塢κ̵ɱδԯܡԯ⳾ԯر̫ȡŻڡһǿǰԮ
һж塢κ̵˵ĻϫΪñһж˭ĩͻأ٣͢ޡ仪Ҳ֮֡
ֱʱϫ͵ʶһ̫ϽѾ׼õı
һıƵɽŮ洵һϣҪ̫ɱѪƽٽ٣
ҺãһҲѱɽŮ洵ʶƣշתɽƺǶս񽫣ն󣬿췣ۣ֮ŤתƣתΣΪ
һпƼ򵥵оĶ֮νǲɱĪ⣬ֹնܹݵģ
ֱԵǻڵ裬һŲɵ³
̫ȡŻڡ֮ͣڵʱҲֻΪһĽɫ֪һǺεȿɲ
ڳϫȫͳ䵱һؿͣҲΪһξͳ֮ĶԿǺεȿɲһ飬Ҳϵ֮֮һȫµ֪
ȱ飬ɲ˭ܹӵеģ
Ժĵ;ϣȾ֮ϫֻߵԽԽݺ̤ʵ

ϣѪкȾ񷡣
飡١
񽫾ŭ˻ٴ쳹ߵ˼£֮ŭ쳹ʮأġ
Ȼλٴ䣬ɥƺ֣֮
УУƺҲûãȮһֱ̫ϽңӰ룬űܿɱ٣ܹҴ񣬿ɲǵıж˲ˣ̫ϽڣĪǻΪܻ
ƺǲм֮𣬡ǻ̫Ͻ̵λڼǰܺƴߵͣǡʵ̫΢˲ҲĻɫѣ
㡭̫
ŭ
˵Ĳ۸þŵĹ
ƺЦ
һһҿֲĺû
Ȼ˵ã
Ԫо̾ҲΪȻȵǷ緶⺷ö޷ˡ
ȴһֱڹע췣֮۵ı仯ڵʦֵһһֲʶĴ³Ÿʦһɽġ
ԣǴ³̻ͨ¡ãһռֱľɵҲǽ
ҡͷԣʹļס
ϫֱȻʧЦλʦֹȻСʦԣظڵ΢Դ壬ƫƫȴ͸һ˿׵ζ
ԣ췣֮һϢȴڷ仯ȵȣڼȡؼϢ
ɫȻһ䣬λ֮ѪϤΪ췣֮۵ļ֮
ԣнԶһоһĪ⣬Ϊƫƫȴ˵
أ
ϣѪ꣬ٴƮ¡
һģȴǽ񽫣ͬʱ쳹˳񽫷ŭµƺҺƴˣ
Ҫʯ٣㲻䣡
ƺߡ
ʦ֣ס֣
͵شѣϧȴһ
¡
ƺ£񽫵Ȼֹһ̣ٴƮѪȾء
ৣ
ͬʱƺǿƾճ֣˿̵뷢ȾѪ磬ͭĹͭɫϲһսۼƺޱȡ
һս㣬˷Ĳ
Сʦ˵֪ģһ־͸ղġ
ʱƺȴǺٺһЦ¶һЦݡ
ˣվ̫Ͻơ
һ̾췣֮۵ĿһƬ֮ɫ
̫Ͻƣ
нԶһţ̫ɱ񽫷һжʤգ˵̫Ͻƣ
ˣ
ڴʱԭŵ췣ۣ֮ٿȻڹ⡣
һɲǣؼѪ֮ǡֻҪ̺֮Ķͳͳȡ췣֮˲û
ܹܵ췣֮۵ϢʼɲǼ䣬췣֮Ϣڳ˺Ϊ֮һϣ
Ȼʦϣһϯĺƽ٣վעҪڽˡ
һ̣ƺɫҲ࣬һԹĻڳ˽ԶУ췣֮вͷŵĿֲѹ


1465 ƽٽ
ȡ췣֮۵ƲͷųѹĩҪٰ㡣
ѾݣһƬеʱա򡭡Զһִ״̬С
һУԶ췣֮ɡ
ӵֻ䡢䡢ĮȻΪǻұĲΨһף
һĻĩֽٽ٣ֲ̫Բǧ֮أΪ棬Ŀ꣬һƬ
˳ϫһˣƬУһ˿Ϣ
޷ô
뿪ڣأҲԶˣɫأ췣֮иܵһɺƽٵϢ
ʦ˵ˣһ̫Ͻõ֣ע磬Զ˿ת
ƺηű췣֮۵ѹɱ
ʮʮţһأҲԶˣ̸һ˵
üɻѡ
СʦãͲˣʮţһһǻ磬һһ
ڵᣬɫҰװȻһ̸ȴǾӣݹ컯̰ɱ򱯻ϲ񽻲ʶӦ˶ѱΪϡ
һͷ˵ʹϵʦֱ֣˵ɡ
ɫһͣƲƲ죬ЩεҲ˵ʮţµһΪܿܿұ޵ߡ
˻һкͽֵĸϵƺֱԵСʦãǿһѣǱɱ̫Уɱ䣬һѪǡϢԶᱻ췣֮ɣΪƽٵһ
˶٣ƺ̫Ͻõ֣ĿıΪǰһĺƽ٣Ψˣ̫Ͻ̲ܴоȡ棬ɱ񽫵޷Ӱ̫Ͻ־
ȻжʱһĨ޷Ƶĺ⣬׹ߣ
̫Ͻδ̫飡
ս֪µɱ񽫣Ϊֵһӣƣɲ
һ̣нһ˿ϲҲȻ޴棬еЩѹ֡
ȻȡһսʤҰȻɹףվǱ̫ϽǣƣŤת棡
ǻ䵱һ̫Ͻֵӣ
ֱвݵĸоĺġ
λǰβһˡ
֮ʣϫȻڣŷ֣˿̳ϫ龹ޱȣ⽹֮ɫ
ǵģѶĳϫڸһ侲֮͵ʶһ⣬Լĸѩɻβأ
ⲻʱŷӦղŷһ̫ĶǣԵǻ޷ƽ
Ҳֱ˿̣ϫ͵ؾѣʶ⣬Ȼѿޱȣи֮
СʦܣǸⳡƽ̫أЩ©֮
ҲǷӦϸһĨǸ⣬˵ţץסϫ֣ߣһȥ
ȵȣ
ƺ͵ؽסǡ
ͳϫȻŤͷƺ
ƺɫдһ˿Ƭ̲ŵβҺ֮ǰѱ˻ٵСʦģĸ׻ţһһС
ϫüëһĬãմӦ
ʦƺΪҪסԼʦּȻ˵Ȼ⣬ŵùʦ֡
ֻȴĪһ˿ԤУƺĸѩţֻһĸҲ޷ˡ
һֺݵĸо
̧ͷƺһۣҲסûʣֻǵϫģֻҪʦ˵ûţȻƭˡ
ϫ˵ͷЦףʦ㲻صҡ
СʦܣȾƣ
Ȼһƺ«˹ᣬЦпųϫһοɽһλˣǵһμ棬ʦֻϣرģ⣬пҲһЩʥ֮飬֮ģ˵⣬ҿ԰Щղעĵ伮һһȥУּϹҲȥġ
߶߶ƪһͨϫֻæӹƺ«Цлʦ֣
˵գͷơ
ƾңһ߻ӿȫϫΪ֮һظһƬҲɢ١

ǽ̸֮ʣϵ췣֮ۺȻһͣȻ䣡
һ޶ģӰٿȻ췣֮У޳෢磬ݿֳһɫگ͢
һȻû
ע⵽һĻ˽Զһ
һѾˣҲ²ⲻӦǱ̫Ͻһ־ˣ֮ǰģ̫Ͻ
ƺɫһαء
̫Ͻ
˻һ˽ԶľͷƤ顣
ϫ΢УϸȥȻͷ֣췣֮еһӰ͢ϢȴȻͬ
͢⡢Եߣʱ¶ϢȴһƬڤ
һֿտյڤڤɫƣԶԶȥƿĲһˣһƬ
һۣϫĪëȻ
Ȼڷ֮ʱԼܺͼƬӰ죬췣֮ʱһģӰ
ʱһӰĻͷһƳϫֵĺͼƬϢشɲǼ߰˰ˣ
ʱֳ͢ƣٶԱȵʱһģӰϫȻ֣ߵƾһ˰㣡
ѵһģӰ̫Ͻ
ϫджϳʲôвһκˣǵãʱ췣֮УһƬĿռ䣬ܲ顢
ÿһУԶһϢĴڣֵŭ죬еĳĬеر̾е衭һĲĻ档
o̫Ͻ췣ֲ֮ۡ˵ܣϫԼ׽ʲôȴƫƫһͷҲޡ
СģƽҪʼˣ
ϺȻʦƺϫ͵ѡ
ٴϸȥͿ췣֮У͢͵ؽɫگһػɬĹΣɢ췣֮
һɫگȼգͬ͢ҲƱһû
Ԫ֮ƽٵ٣
䣡
һɲǼ䣬˼硢ڤ硢ɽ硢硢˽硭򾳡ռУͬһʱ쳹һϡĮȻκθ
һɲǣܿܿ顢ߡȡħ顭ȫУɫ䣬Ȼ̧ͷ񷡣
һƽ٣ˣ
һɲǣһƵ쳹粻ͬУоŭбо񡭡
һɲǣ𶯣𺳣һǰͱƲϺƽ٣Ҫʼϯˣ


1466 
һĮȻϵ쳹޵߽ԶȻһϺƽڴ˿̾ͽϯ
䣡
ңԶʾͷ쳹һƾ죬𶯲ãأ쳹ÿһ񷡣
Ҫ𣿡
ϫȻ
һ𣬲ɽ磬һҲڴ˿֪
ˣ
ʦƺüϣһĨâо޴ɲǼΡ
ӰأͨǺӣӿ޾帡գܼķģһ
ɶ칤ӳֳӰ˽ԶС
⾹֮󣡡
ϫһ۾Ϳڣס𺳣һɲǼ䲼ʦΪ֮ֱǷ˼
λ԰꣬Ҿȴ˺ƽǱ̫Ͻǰ޷赲һ٣̫Ͻ֮ƿأɱΪţһ߻Ե١
ƺ
ʲôԵ
ϫȻ
ȻͨϹ·
ૡ
˻һнԶݺһͨϹ;Ī֮Ե
Ƕ̫ȡŻڡȷ񾳴ڶԣŴ˻ʱԶһ
ԵãҲȥһƽУԵֻһߣãޱȣɱ٣ܷ˵
̾
һ仰˽һˮϨеϣɫ±ء
СʦܲģһƽҪܳһʱ䣬޹ʶƽ١˵ҵ޵߶ԣһƽ˭Ҳɱ⣬ģֻ񾳴ڡ
ϫɫأ벻ЦŰοһ䣬ǿһƽгһգǲǣ۵´ڵġ
ô˵һƽ񾳴ڵģϫ԰
ǿվȫ죬ʱһƽٱή벽ʥɾ޵ϡ
ҡͷ˵һ翪Ϊֲĺƽ٣콵˥ҪؿټԪʶ޵˭Ҳ޷⡣
һ£ϫһƽٵĿɲ֮
ٵ񾳴ڣ벽ʥɾ޽ɾ¡
һƽٲκ޵߽Զ޷⣡
꣡
̸֮ʣ͵˺ѿһѷ죬ӣһ𣬾ޱȣһԲ
һ̣޵߽Զ²ڣɽ֮е˻𣬸ݽ귢ȫ궯岻
գۼ䣬ĲϣѷܲҪ֧飬춼Ҫݣڣ
䣡
Ƭ̺һÿһ䣬·ؿأתһ̷ҿ
ĲϣһĲԼһŻۣڿ٣
ǵȷһŻ֮ţӲУƼԶȴӳ磬ÿһʿֱð
һŻʲô
ƽٴ֮ţ
Ļţ겻ܵһǰδеľѹϢʧرԵ
䣡
һ֮Ż۳ʱͻȻҡض綼ڲ
Ҫˣ
ƺһԴ
ϫŵضţһŻڲ֮ϣӳ磬һɻɬĲ֣ھ
ɽֻǿţ˻ëȻĻ֣̿ŻǺƽԴ֮ڡ
飬һŻУضҪ׹ҹڰУ

һŻ͵һĻɬ꣬ɢķת֮󾹻һִ֮
ԶԶȥЩ֮޾磬ͺһճ
¡¡Щ֮ӿ֣綼𶯣һɿֲɬ޿ӣ޿ɱܵĿֲζ
֮
ĩ֮ڽˣ
һ̣ƺɫء
ҲǲȻɫ䣬㷲
ƣĩս٣
޵߽Զ㳲֮£ѣҪȺƽ֮£˭ܶܣ
֮ɢǣӰÿһļҪԶȥ

ɽ磬һƬصĿռС
һ͵񷣬¶֮ɫ
Ϸ֮£̰Ϲ֮ԵȴҪƽ֮£죬Ȼɱ
ŭ˻𣬳ڿռ䣬Ҫӳ磬룬ǧٵִ֮ƾճ֣
Ӳİ
߷ȴ޼£˲ϢһţһŻС

˼磬һǺУһƬ½ء
ڴʱһƬ½ؾȻվһʯ䣬̳УӳֳһΰӰ
̤ǿգǳһ̫ԡ
ճ֣һƬǺУطӿһ֮˷
ĩ֮٣ѱȴ꣬һΣҲܴʧһ߻Եˣ
¡¡ΰӰЦһܣЩ֮һǴ֮ϵŻС

¡
ڤ磬ǧ֮ӿѪһѪܵӰסת˲뵽ǲŻ֮ڡ

һĻĻÿһƬУ֮޴ڣһǿ߾
ܹܣܹ⣬¶֮أӵϾ֮ܣҲ٣
֮һϯĺƽ֮£֮ݽ棬ߣ
䲻ĿһĻĻȴܹһ嫵Ӱ֮ס뵽ǲŻ֮ڡ
ĵѣ׹ߣһƽУ񾳶ͬϣ޷ϻ˭Ҵ棿
ϫҲͬĿһĻз֮࣬Ժٴ췣֮пһĻĴУһo
ѵһƽ񾳴ڣҲᱻץ֮ĳһطϫһٶ롣
ˣ
ϺȻ̫ȾŭĽ
ϫعʱͿһִӲֶ£飬޾ӿ
һɲǣڳ˽ԶһϣĿ٣
¡¡
ڴʱܵתڳһƬ񹂷ģһƬȻϼƣЩӲһ𣬱һɹɿֲ
գһζδ𣬶Щ赲⣬޷
һУȻʦƺֱʣ
ˣ̲סһɫȴǺȻһƬ¡
λֻ赲һʱҲ㹻׼ˣ֮ϵҸһƴ֮ɱĩ֮򣡡
ƺڣüһƬ


1467 
ڳ֮Уƺ֮⣬ִ񾳲εķֱǺӡ롢̫ȡŻڡԼŮ洵Ԫաξءʯ
£ʮλ
Զ֮¡
˵һƽٱʱ׵񾳴ڣ񾳴ȫһգһƽʱᲨ²εġ
ԵƺĻ£Щ񾳴ڽԶɫһ࣬תΪ񱦣Դ
ǲŻ֮ڣĩܴ֮һ߻ԵϹ޷ҪôɵҪôᱻС
ƺһ߿󣬵ǲɱһ߷ɿ촫Сġ
Сʦǵؽţ֮ʱϡ
˵ţƺʶʲôϫСʦܣβѱ٣ȴһȻ֮أһƽٳʱԶǰʱԻһС
ϫһݣ˵ͷ
Сʦܣɽġ뺡ֳִԵִɽǴ˴һҲ֪²ı棬Ҫౣء
Ȼ뿪ڣһöǻԵ뺵ݸϫɫ¶һĨϧ˸֮ɫ
ϫһ𣺡ʦҲҪ뿪
ֹңɽʦʦǽԶҪ뿪һƽ٣վ˭Ҳ޷ġ
̾Щį
ϫһЩһǡ뺡Сʦģһշɽһеġ
Цһֻ֮ؿ̫أгһգƽվᲨϣǻϹٴı档
Сʦܣɽæ伮ɽУпУȥƱܣĪҪƽ֮ˡ
Ὺڶ
ʦַģˡ
ϫԥͷӦ
СʦܣɽвЩѼõıƣпвǿСʦͳͳȥоɣ
ƺЦҲԼС
ϫʦܣ뿪ԺҪտõѧԺǵʱѪͣȾָǰĩ֮ʱҲһɿѡѧԺ˴棬ʵ֮
ǺʱҲڣһöޱȵͭ˳ϫ
ֻȭͷСӡǳ쾭γȵȺͼͷųһ֮ޱߡ
ǵѧԺԺ֮ѹ֮ѱ޾һĪ⡣
ҲֻеѧԺԺܹС
һĻաڤԯܵ˽ԶһϫɫЩӣǺӽϫٲȻǸɽ磬ϫǼ̳Ժְ֮ĽӰˣ
ϫ֪⡰ζʲôǺӲҲôΪʼخʦ塣
ϫ̤벽ҽЩһЩĵãҲδܵӣҲãͽˡ
δҲڴʱڣһöɫݸ˳ϫ
㡭ҲҪߣ
һ³ϫסˣδδ
ֻһ߱ͻƣܸܵĩ֮ҵĻԵڡ
δЦ
ϫ̲סʦƺ
ƺĩ֮ԿȥãʱǿһУҪĽѿɾͲ˭ܹܵġ
˵ţδһ㼴ͷѾִ֮߱Ҫһ⣬һ߰ɡ
лֳȫ
δϲ
һ£աԯܡԯ⳾ԯرڤڣҲĶѡ
˵һƽٿɲޱȣһֻһ߻ԵѰܹɽƺһжôɻᰲȫ࣬ûԵĻҲܶ࣡
ڣһĩ֮нأһϹأ
ʱ֪ǰ鲼ɱķΪһԵ˭ҲȻ޷ܾջˡ
ƺɨһۻǣǿҪˡ
۾һûоܾ
ǼɾʹӦɫᶨޱȣƽٺܿ£ĩ֮ͬΪɲΪ˴֮;ߵøԶҲҪһΣ
ƽ֮£棬ǧһߵԵעֹֻ̾ӴµµΪ
ڳλԶӵд־֮ԲȻˡ
㲻УĹأȥҲѰ·
ȻƺڣĿڤԴǲ޶ί
һɲǼ䣬ڤɫɷףҵ޹⣬֮ǰļսͼԱΣδܳɹȴ˵˸
Լͬһ㣬һ뵽ʹ˺һߵԵʧۣ֮вʧޱȡ
ǰԺлᡣ
ϫο˶Էһ䡣
ڤͷǿЦЦȴɲȻԺȷлᣬɵʱĿɽһ·棿
ǽ̸֮ʣƺһֱڵǲɱֱ˿̣֮ԽԽɲ֮״ضû
أ
ҲٱԵ
ƺɫһӱɱȻ֮ɫģСʦã׼׵
Ҫˣ
һݣٲҶ룬Դ

ʲôóһ۵ﾧӨ͸ɢһǻԣƻãһĨϢ
Сʦܣ͸ˣǰĩ֮ʱ˱ȡЩ
뽫˱ݸϫסһҪץסᣬһʷǰƽ٣ͬҲһǰδеĴˣ˵ԽһɾҪһ˽ˣǿɲ֪Ҫȵʱˡ
ϫһǸжǾϲ
ϵô˱ǻɳͻɫʯƶɣɽ֮µһ鱦νֻ֣©֮£ؼĵ⡢˵֮ҲԶܱ׽
ʱ䣬ΪԵһ֮ɵĸ
ȻǴóϫԴ˱һݴˣӶͽ֮
͹ػ£ϫܲжϲ
Сʦܵλʼжˣ
ƺЦ޳ɣ͵س޴һ̤ն
¡¡
ʧɲǼִֶ£ǧƵҪȫ
ӹ
ƺȣ磬죬ͭĹͭɫϺֲϢһo
һҳǺӿǧҵôϣ
һĻֱ⺷˼¡
ЩһĽĩ֮ˣԶ𺳣κγɣƺΨһ֣ʹʧ֮Եˡ
Сʦܣ֣
ͬʱ߳ѳϫ֣ȥȡЩ


1468 ɶ
籩꣬£һִޱȣ裬硣
һ̣񾳴ݽ棬۲εأԶŻ֮УŻ֮ڣĩ֮
Ȼ򣬵ɽƺڿգȴо޴ɱһУݿ飬չֳ⺷ƥơ
䣡
飬ɬꡣ
ƺһˣϣҡȥ֮ϵĲŻ
¡¡
ƱһĻŭһص飬޾һҪƺһ˳Ĩɱļơ
ߣ
ƺߣ޾ģӳֳһ޴֮࣬أޱߣͷųϡ
ֳ־޴ϺңӲǧгɱһѪ·ϡǵȺƥֱ̬ϵΨĸo
־ƿһ˱Ȼᱻ԰ȻǲŻ֮С
˿̵ĳУͽʣ˳ϫڤԼЩϰ벽ڣһƽ֮£δܲ
Ҳ֤˵ƽ֮У׵ı񾳴ڣΨ񾳴ȫʱֵЩµĴ١
ʾô˻ᣬϫǴٿȻһĨ磬뵽˲С

Ө͸ٿȻŶͷųһǻԣƻãܺ˻ģﲻա
ܹЩϴӲµƶԴ˺޲ɴдȥûκεĲ
ˣϫҲǰ𺳣鱦һ谭ĶĪ⡣
գ
ܿ죬һЩ׽ϫǴС
ڴʱǴȴ͵ؾеֱײҪ룬ʶ㡣
۵һϫпѪܵɣô˻ᣬЩٿȻ˴
Щֲ̫֮ƾ䲶ԣȴ޷
ϫɫһʶ֮Ŀɲ
ҲʦƺֻԼƺǧвϣ֪ƺкεȿֲˡ
ϫģһʷǰĴˣȻСʦѴԼȻΪԼͣҲӦ԰쵽Ŷԡ
һڶμ

͸ӨλõĹ⣬ȥ
һγϫС֮࣬ǰǰѡһСһס
أ
ˣһС֮ɴĳ棬ôҲҪ֧Ųס
ϫ͵һҧתȫΪͷϼӲһֲֿ˻
ɹˣ
ڳϫԺиͷһһɳʢɬĺ͵ӿڣһƴϡ̺֮ӯϣ֮ϣ֮
һϫȡһɲǼ䣬ͲһɿֲӿȫĽǡƤĤѪอԪһ̶һƬ嫴УǺˮ֮
򣬱תάϵ
һƽ֮£ƺһ֪̺֮кεȿֲ
˵ƽ֮дˣ컯ܲ׽ȻһĪˣպ洦
ϫҼȡһ׽ˣ˴컯ԶͲĪ洦
¡¡
ϫڱŷʨĵһĵǺȻתأƺƵӿÿһ䡣
һ̣ϫһ֮תŵϣϴǦʥȾ˼̻
ڣɫԪ񡭡ȫǰתѭݣʱӿһĪ״ĵ֮Ϣ
Դ
νˣ
ȴˣԹж٣һӵеĿ֪Ҫɾ֮Ǻεȼѵһ¡
İ벽УҲֻȼܹ̤
һѲסϫѿʼˡʼ֮ͽĵһɹƱȻѰɱˡ
ϾһǰδеĴˣ֮Умܹϫ㣬Դģ
ο벽μӵдֻҲ޼£Ϊмܹɽ飿
񾳸ֶ޷⣬˵ȥˡ
˵ϫõһĪˣϵ¶һݣһж벻ʦƺİ벻Ĵ
Уһλѷ꣬ʹ˷ˣ
͵أϫٴ۾ڷתĸٴμӿȥ
ʱƺѾɱ˲񷼫ߴҪһͨĩ֮Ż֮С
ǵǳ׽УôϫٱȥЩˣԭܼ򵥣ûƺҲ͵ûЩ
ʱ̣ҪȡˣȻҪץκһ˿ʱ䣬һԺɾûȻˡ

ʱɢ£һһϤϫȡϺӿ뵽ڡ
Уʱ䲻ϺţһɹɳȺӿڣÿһƬȾϺһ֮Ϣ
ڲɢ
¡
ڳϫٴγʱֻһÿһëж籡һƴϢɬҪؼ䣬һơ
óϫʱףԼȡ֮ѴﵽܳܵļޣȥҲֻǰװ˷һˡѡ
λǰⳡԵݰװ״׼ӭ壬ǲһԵˡ
ȻϫŤͷڤһ䣬֣ͣٴμ˴
ڤĸѩĳߵλ벽ϳϣҲͬһֱ֧ĸѩ
ʱ£ϫԲ񼺱ˣȻԼ޷ǾͲԹ͸ڤǣҲǱЩĸ׵ά֧ˡ
ԣڤнԶһϲɫмѡ
֮ǰĿһУ۲ѣϾһѵõĪˣ磬˭ܹջ
ϫҪָһЩˡȻϲ⣬жԸӡ
ϫ
ڤһм

˵꣬һѵƬͽٶӿУʱһĻκԥæϥؿʼר
λǰǿҲҪ׼ˡ
ϫЦЦٴγ֡


1469 

ϫٴγ֣졣
ӨǻԵĴչڲвһһֱһһλ벽ϡ
ЩջĪˡԶϲ񣬲κε׷ϥأʼȫκδ⣬˷ȻԵ
СʦܣϹ㣬أ
Сʦٻᣡ
Сʦмǣǵ֮ڣҲǹرģɱɱˣˣعˣգ
ȻϴһǱСʦ롢ʦƺʦԼǡ
ϫ͵ͣжȻ̧ͷңңȥͿƺһˣһԾǧ뵽һŻڡ
ڶƮǵʧ
ϫ˫ָԣɫӿһĨϧðβһٶ롣
ϥʼڲϺ

ϫΪŻɸΪ˿һϯϺƽ٣һԼҲһ̤ĩ֮
Ϊ̫Ͻ̻ûи
Ϊĩ֮Удһ߽ϹĻԵ˲ֹ·עʹֹ

һУܲһɽЩɽ۾ͣأ岼ɫͷ⣬ӳأƻá
ߵͳ֮һŮ洵֮̾ء磡
ס
˵Ů洵ʦŮ洵Ǳ֮أһĻɫʯƶɣܲųһء
˿̣һɷǵŮڲƽ̨ϣɫ¹ڵȴЩʲô
ϸȥЩŮһϢԨ̫飬һϢǡһġ
ȻһȺ񾳴ڣ
λ˿̱жپú򡣡
ȻһͷɫԵİ¹ƾն֣գ糿Ӱ㿪ڣǷ
¹鹬ʯλӻδأٵһȣ
ΪһѣͷڣֹˮϷŮӿڡ
Ҳ׷ס
λ֪鹬ʯǣڴ˿Ѹɽһǰĩ֮򡣡
¹
ǡ뿪ˣɽЩָô죿
ϷŮüЩĲ¡
ѾʩչӡֽУһɱܿƽٽ١
¹ƽڣ׼һС
ˣϷŮ˽Զٳɣ׷׸Ƕȥ
¹ɻǵͨϹ·
˸ո뿪Ȼһڤڤ
ӴӲݵ֪·ѱ̫Ͻѳ֣Ϊ֮ƣֻʣĩ֮һ·
̫Ͻˣһ⣬ǼȻԴΪ·бȻĪˡ
Ҫ̫Ͻս
·ܱѳ֣ȴ޷赲Ҳ¹ȥӡ磬Ȼһ뿪ɣվҪϹ˶һˡ


̫Ͼ
ʮ֮ϡ
ƽ٣λڼ룬ж׼ˣ
һϵ¡¡ϯ̫Ͼ
һ̣̫Ͻһڳϡӡͽһ𣬹ڵء
λ񾳳ѵִĩ֮򡣡
չжǰɽ硣
ͽǰڤ˼硣
ͬʱҡᡢٿȻ쳹̫ϾУǴ̫Ͻλڼˡ
λʵɲ⣬̫Ͻ̵ĵλ֮ߣȨ֮󣬳̫Ͻ㵱λˣνһ֮£֮ϡ
ɽŮ洵жΣ
̫Ͻϵٴ쳹֮صǵΰ
ɽһڵУ䲻ĶӼŵ˺ʮĵӳϫǰĩ֮򡣡
Ů洵ڽչر磬Ʋ⣬Ů洵ڵһ񾳴ڣҲѿʼж
شϣ̫ϾһƬš
ر硭Ů洵ǺôΪµӱܿƽ٣֮ԴʩչȽطϧվͽͶѡ
̫ϽĬ֮󷽲ſڣ͸һĨļµζ
ƽ٣ӽԺ񾳴ڣ̫ϽľʱϣϹ򷵻ʱһн̫Ͻ̵ʤĻ
ʥ
£̫Ͼдһ뻮һ
λڼ룬汾һǰɣ
ˣ̫Ͻٶԡ
̫Ͻ˶Ѿ뿪ǰϹҪ˶һгµĵͳ֮

֮ϣŻأԴӿ糱ˮ飬ʱձϣÿһƬ
Ԥʾһϯĺƽ٣ڳ޳ŵļ
޵֮һսԶ֣̿㷲ƽ֮£ݽ棬οЩδ񾳵Ĵڣѱһɴֲû
ΨЩӣδһĻĻƽɣȻֲ֪һƽ١
ֶΣɾͿǿֲˣֻ޵ߣ뷲ӣĳ϶ԣһƽ٣ר޵֮
ɽԣ֮ʮʮţµһΪܿܿ׼Щ޵֮
ǹʣƽ֮£۾ߵͣԶ޷⣡
һУϫȻ
ϥѻβɳĮǱڵԼĵԵ֮̽
ء
ܴȾѪһƬХһoߣޱȡ
Ⱥƽ֮£ϫȴǿȻӨӨ͸붨ĴĦȥڣ绯¯
ⲻΪչ
ϫȡ̺ת֮Դϴջ֮󣬿һ֮ˡ
ʱ˿̣ξ̽Դϣиһᡣ
¡¡
ڳϫڣһɹɺĵڣԭֻǳεһҲǲš
ѨϾͺñеǳǺӡ
ѪҺꡢ⡢򡭡ΪתһֱԴ
Գǰ벽ȴֻһζѣΨеչȶʱѾ߱˽ĵ
ʱϫɶ֮ˣ֮ڴͿ̵ͬʯͲ֮
ͬҲһֶԴҵɱֻΪշҡϣԼ


1470 ͼٻ
һϯĺƽѳա
ϫβɳĮУһƬʢϼƣ֣ڶԶˡ
˿̣Уܻǳǿգ޲һ֮ɫĵϽȾһ̡Ө͸
һĺģһͷʥ֮ǳ˶Ŀҫ
ǳǳϫġ֮ʥܹǳܣ֮ڻơ
Ƿֱʱ䡢ռ䡢߷
߷ɱ̫࣬ƣͷųϢԶҪԲΡ
һжԴǡ̺֮תıԴϤӶ˳ϫʱ䡢ռ䡢߷ĸ
䣡
ƽٵĵ죬һֱŴĳϫȻ۾һɲǼ䣬ȻĻԣӳӴе㡣
һĵ֮ڶһ֤ߴϵı֡
һ£Ψڣӵȳɾͣĳϫвδ̤
ˣ
ϫѾȡһɡˡǴ壬չﵽ˰벽ǰδеļ֮
մԣ£Էҡϣһ̤ǡ
ʵȴˣԭʱ䡢ռ䡢߷ĲԲվһ˿ȱ
ϫҲԼʱ̱ܲȫһ˿ȱȴڣΪľкѰٵһԲ֤֮ǿŽĳͻӲһ˿ȱ
νԲ֤֮ǽ߷Լٳġ֮ʥںϣӶٳԲ
ִһɣлһɡԭʼԴڻ磬̫飬ǵƣԲ˼ǿ
ݳϫ֪УǧٸУֻҲҲһܹԭʼԴġ
ɴ˿ɼһ;Ǻε֮˺ͼɬˡ
Ѳסϫץס˿ˣںƽлóˣ˻ޱȵҲֻںϷ֮ʥ߷һ̤ԴԸ

вһЩѣٶයҲ档
ԥϫĳʢɫϼӿڣ˶ʱָ˴ǰģ
ͬǣ䣬ӳãܿŵת֮һţһƣֱģ꣡
ɱ֮洦ΪԽߣĲԽóϫҲ֮һɸϡ
ؼ䣬ƽɳǰЩӣȴƽ١
һ֮ϵĲŻУأ籡һִȴپ񾳴ڡ
Զ׼Уڵǿߣʮа˾ѱץߡ
ˣǲŻδʧЩͬҲڣڲ̽ʲôƣȷ©֮㣬©
з䣬ҪϾɱŹһҲԿһϯĺƽǺεˣبǰΪϽѣ
ƽ٣֮Ϊ鱾ʡ
ϫ񷣬һ˿֪Ǳĩ֮е񾳴ȫһʱһƽ٣Ҫٵ޵ͷˡ
ϫٶ룬Ŀ⿴һࡣ
ڤǰλ벽һֱھޣÿ϶ӿһƺϣʱûκνҪѵס
룬ϫûдǣֲһ󷨣˷УӰһʧڵ֮¡

βɳĮ·ǧ֮һƬС
ԭβ֮أѻ棬Ŀ꣬һƬǱʱѷͻҵ쫷硣
һΪǰЩһ켤սƻ̫ܵ˲
һҲΪĩС췣֮ۡԶڴˣβΪˡ̫󡱵һ֣Ϊһƽٵʼ֮ء
ˣ
ղϫӰƾոڴˡ
ʦƺǰ߹ϫβѱ٣ȴһȻ֮أóϫںƽٳ֮ʱִ˵أԻһС
ʲô
ȻйĸѩһУ
òѾ뿪˰ɣ
ǰʱաĿķ桢ҲһУϫƾһɸӵ
ãĬãջһ̤ȥ
β֮غܴԶΪ˷棬вʱʱշ籩ѷ죬Եúޱȡ
һжĳϫԣʲô˫ָһ·ǰУϸ֪һС
Ƭ̺
ϫٿȻ㣬һĨ֮ɫ
ʶһֱŵĺͼƬһ̺ȻѹһɻɬĲɢ
ָоʲôںͼƬ㣬һ̾ԵЩȲ
ϫֹһξжʱһ𣬲µһֿܣٳɣ˳ǿҵĸо̧ųȥ
ˡˡ
룬ʶкͼƬƵԽԽǿңֱִһƵʯǰͼƬһҪʶѵļ
ϫæһǿ԰סֳ嶯һӡ
¡
һƵʯڱ飬УһοռӳǰһɻɬԵüΪء
ֲãǺͼƬָ֮۶޷ŵ˵ؾһڣѵʦԵһУϺô
ȳϫ࿼ǣͼƬľҲòչжȥͼƬȥɣ
ৣ
ϫӰһһ̱ʧαС
ɽˮéݡСԺεĲ񷣬İƣ򵥵ľɫһԴľء
ķͻң˵أȷԳƵ̫Զˣףľ
ϫһĻʱҲЩ죬βѸ𣬶˵ؾܱãȻͬѰˡ
ˡˡ
ִ˵غʶеĺͼƬ׼ͣƵĲ͸һޱȵĿóϫٶӰһƾճһСԺС
СԺֻһʯʯֻһѵĹƷһ鵭ɫ
ȻһͼƬ⵭ɫʲôѵǺйأ
һĻʱϫӿһɲõԤУòѾ뿪ˣ̲סҪéٿһ
ɾڴʱȳϫӦ৵һʯϵٿȻһڹ⣬뵽ʶУ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬ϫ׻ʶзһƬһɹɰϵ˶
ϤĲϤĹͼɢٴֻţ׷ݵǻԴ֮ڡ
о֮Ϥ
룬ϫ֪ʶеĺͼںϵڰ˿Ƭ


1471 ȾѪн
¡¡
ͼƬʶоҲͷŹϻɬϢ쳹ʶÿһռ䡣
һɲǼ䣬ϫٴθܵԼӿһתУأѤĹϼ
֮и籡һĪ״֮궼֣һС
ƣ
ϫٴθֳһϤۡ
ϴںϵ߿ͼƬʱУԼĪĽơ
̫ɬأ֪кãȴóϫƵ£֮٣ҲԽԼˣ
ҳЩϴںϺͼƬʱͼƬ滹ӳֳһͼͼһּϧȴΪģƾϫ֪ҲֻԼϳġ桢񡢹šĸ֡
һĻһ˲ʧϫʱɻ˺ܳһʱ䣬δвЩ顣
ʲôʲô
ͼƬӿһͼ
ģĹּּ
һУϫͳͳݲһ˿ΪƵĳ֣ڶ̶ʱڣ˴֮ƣ
˿̣ںڰ˿ͼƬʱһĻĻٴӳ֣
תУʵĽƣԼӨӨĺͼ
ڣκһصͼٴθ֣
һΣϫ׼ϢһɲǾͽԼͼϸ֪
䣡
һɰɬųϫһعġͼӳ֣縡ӰͲ׽
Ϊһ̫ƴӣҲ̫죬ʹ˻Ҳٴαϳĺһȱͼ
ķֱǡۡ򡢼֮͡ǰϳġġ桢񡢹šĸ֣Ҳκˣ˵ݳʲôˡ
һȱͼӡһһȾѪʺΣһ뽹ڣܵش
⸱ͼԲȱȫҼΪ򵥣ֻӡһɵϫʱȴƾһɷĵĲڣ
һƾη־ȱӵĿɲ֮飬ҲԽǺӣնɱ
ϢǰϫоԼһֻϰ㣬԰ġԲΪҲһԵ˲԰׺
ΪȾѪϢֲ̫ӵУϫ񾳴Ƿӵȿֲˡ
ۡ򡢼͡ġ桢񡢹šһжʲôͼƬӵۣ
ȱͼеȾѪǺεϢֲ֮ش
һһɻӿϳϫͷ۽ͼʶ޷ŵһ˿ˣ
ζʲô
ζźͼƬذӵУ
֮ͼƬеһУ˵Ǵ˵еϹЩϵ
ϾڳϫϳľŸУСš֣Ȼ˽סϹȴ˵֮ˡ
ˣ
ϧȥ֪һϤƣӿ꣬͵ؾ;ѹɫǲ԰һƬ
ȥ֪ʶȴСơںͼƬţûһ˿
ں˵ڰ˿Ƭ󣬳ϫܹܵĺͼѾһּɱ䣬Ĺ͸Өţõ
ֻһͼƬˣԼ벹ȫĺͼԿŵһа
ϫһֻڴ˽ɻѹĵס
ԼжϣͼеİֻºǴ˵еϹйˣҲΨһһջˡ

éɣСԺһƬΨʯȱһͼƬӡ֤һвǼٵġ
ϫһʶһ⣬βڰ˿ͼƬ
ѵһжйô
һ뵽⣬ϫĿʯϣžһ鵭ɫɫһʱЩ
һǿԤУԼҪõĴ𰸣ȻͲУȴȥ˽һС
һֺìֻܵҪһξ޷ĸѩıһ
ʱЩ޷ʵ
ʦƺ֮һʱбһ˿ԤУȴȥ룬һֱڣʶر⡣
ףΪں
ʱһλǳ֪ĸѩдʱһֱźĸٴı棬һеŬܶĿꡣ
޾ĥѵִɽ磬ɹڵ˿Ժĸѩһ죬ܽĽ
ìľֻ³˳ϫԼ˸޷⡣
Ĭһʱ䡣
ϫɫҲ粻ãգһɫӿһĨ֮ɫٳɣ֣̽һ鵭ɫСС
أ
һӿ룬͵ըһƬϼ⣬ûһһŮӰ
ü罣㣬ɫĮȻһزĺ˫ָһɹ¾ɺǡ
ϫܵܳڴˣһ֣ᷢӵģа˷ƣʲͬ澪˵ơ
ԵŮһϮ£üĿ续ţׯ羲һĨ͵Ц⣬ˮ
䣡
һһŮɲǣϫ׻Ժ׿հף˶ϣѡ
һһŮӰȻǳѩ
Ҳǳϫֵܶ˵ĸĸ
ϫһΣվԵһ棬ûı档֪׺ܲϸͳޣЩ껶Ҳֹһλɣ׾ʲô壬Լļ嶼չ˲
ӰУȻڣӿһĨޱȵھΡʹࡢһ㡣
죡
һеݣһĪ״ŭȻͷóϫɫ͵ر̲ס˶һǰδеķŭС
ɴ˿̵Եôĵµĺӣûյ򶨡ݣûǳǵȡ
ףĵɶԳĻ٣ŭ
ŭ̫࣡
ЩһֱϫУֱڲܿƵسױ
ѿƲסԼվֻǳµһӰֱ޲úͳ֣
ȵȣ
Ӱ򣡣
һ뵽⣬ϫ类˽һˮ侲ҧ촽絶аų߷һĨŨŨҪν͡
֪껶Ȼ֮ûȳˣûүүҲһֱţȴӲı桭
ɫеʹ֮ɫŨҲһͳ
ض˵ˣһжϫɣѾˣ϶ףЩ飬վܹġ
һԵѩ̾˸вѡ
Ҳڰ֮
ˣϫнסٴӿһɷŭȴջҧأǿ԰סˡ
ӰУһѩЦЦʾصԼȻɫһ࣬Ŀϫϫ㲻֪һôգұ㲻㡣
˵ţһӡ


1472 ǰ
ˣ
һӣӰȻһ䣬ֳһӰĻϱ任
ĻУһƬ嫲񷣬ʮ죡
ÿһ춼һؾһɫįҴңһԽһ졣
ü罣㣬Ȼǳģ
ϫȴӷǸףΪϵϢ̫ɬ֮Ͷ֮䣬ܿٵأǬ
ǵƱ֮ʦƺҪǿһ
Ǹ׳
ƫƫأӵģͳһޡ
ϫԺһиֳһͷһٶ룬ȥ
Ҵҿʮʮ֮ϡ
һƬ磬ХϢǳгΪ۵ǣǻλãһԻ
ϣһӰ
Ӱߴ󣬻ϣ֮ף֮ͷųǬڵĿֲϢ
֮ϣԻͣ
һӰ̫ϣϢտյڤڤͻͲɱӣ˸ݡ
һӰϫһ̫Ͻ
һӰϵϢ췣֮мҲڱ͢ϼĻϲ
̫Ͻѵ֮仹ĳϵɣ
һʱ֮䣬ϫɻ
ʦ֣Ҫ뿪ˡ
ӵִʮ֮Ϻ󣬳Ĭã֮ϵӰڣɫ䷺һĨ
ʦ֣
ϫкݺһѵ̫Ͻʦܣ
̫£ԣʥ棬˭뽫ռΪУ񾲣ҿ⣬ҲΥ־Ϊ̫ϽսΪȴҪ뿪
֮ϣ̫Ͻڣڤ޸鲨ȴϡ
ͬΪı
ӳĬã³֡
һͬΪı
̫ϽЦף쳹磬Цһ٣Ȼֱ̧ۣӣĮȻʦܣӦأ
ϣ
ûж˵ֻжһ
ҪҶ֣
̫ϽзһĨŨŨ
ʦ֣ұ֮˼ҲǣΪסңǿɾ̫ˣ
̧ͷɫȻȻ塣
㱾֮ˣҲѲµ߰˰ˣʣôҺǿԱȹ㣿
̫ϽĮȻ͸һɷŭ
ȣ𣿡
ɫȻһĨض˵˼ɱˣɲɱˡ
Ҫ֣
̫ϽѴһĨɱ
һɲǣϫҲŵ˼¡
䣡
ȻڴʱǹĻٿȻûһо
ϫʱסôʧˣ֮便ûʲô
һʼϸղһУ̫Ͻʦܣȴ֮ѵϹ򣿲ԣˣΪֻ磿
ʱҵš̫顯̫Ͻ̽ʦܣһ֮֮ϣΪ̫ϽСʦ壬̫ʱڣǺǣϧһվֻһˡ
أĻһϫûɣǾңֻȴĵһֻضѡ
ԣϫкݺһֻأȻֻأ
Ͳµһ㣬ֻǲȷϰˣҰ̫ϽʦܺԼϵһˡ
ɺȻһжģ
ΪĳԭҺ̫ϽվɱرͻΪĨɱңȴûҼȻֻУȻֻصڶ
ٴοڣдһĨȻֱõͳˣԼɡ
ϣһĻٴӳ֣ӰãֳһĻĻ龰
ϫֲ֮һ𺳣š
Ϊһĳżŵˣɽ£ΪɽڶλӣΪɽ
ŵ񣬻ָǰּ䣬Ҫ뿪磬Ȼ̤һʱȴ̫Ͻ١췣֮ۡĨɱɵٴת
ԼףȻΪԼĶʦ֣
˽һк󣬳ϫֲʦƺǶ֪ʦּŵ˵ټ
Ļٴһ
ֳתĳһѧԺ޽ԺС
գָǰּ֮ٴƮȻȥδԸӦٶ
һƸ
Ƹ
ֳϫϤ̤ѧԺһ̣ͱƸԱȣԺеġ®ǰƸӵУ
һʱ֮䣬ϫиӵ˼£̫ϽʦܣɽŵˣѧԺƸ
ЩҫޱȵȻԼĸ׳
ָоʵǸӵ޷ġˣϫЩϲԼĸ׳˭ˣ
ˣĻһӳֳѩӰ
һңгΪ˷һСʿҲûԼӵôݣΪΪǳԵʣйǰһ벻ˡ
ɫӿڣҲǺѩҲžһСּ䣬Ϊ̫һǰħУ޷԰Σڷ̫󡭡
˵ʱɫʹһƬӰ΢΢
ûȳ˵ûܷ껶󡭡̫˽̫ûã̫飡
͵ؼҧ֪ҾǳҲ̫ϽʦܣҲǼŵˣƸ
ҡǳ
˵һ仰ʱƳ˳壬ɫ㲣įʹൽ˼¡
ֻضΣÿһζһϣģġܻӰ첻־
Щ꣬γҲȻޱȣֱ治Լ˭
еζ˭᣿
ʱˣǳִǰָ֣ɣϧȴ޷֮
Ϊԭͷ֮Ϊĳԭòٴ뿪ֺαֻؼ
ϫӦˣ㡢ܵܺ㸸׽Զס
һֱĬѩڣдһĨˣһĨۣһסжټ
ϫ죬ɫȴѽָƽ˵ԼǸȥޣǸýһУǰδеȻ
ȻǹĻ͵ؼ
ãʱ䲻ˣƽѾˣ
ɫ䣬ɫ
߰ɣΨһһλˣܴϫ껶֪Ȼһеģ
ѩɫᶨڣһסӰһһĻױ
УֻѩһϫһͼƬǧҪܺãһպž۵ϣڣ
ˣһ
ϫĳþ޷ƽ


1473 ս
βɳĮںХʱѷ˸ܰ˷
֮ϣŻţһִӿѲ߮磬Ҫ񾳴ڡ
һϯĺƽ٣Զʱڲˡ
ৣ
һӰƾն֣βɳĮϣԣŨںڵĳ裬¶һ忡ӡ
ˣȻǳϫ
ֱ˿̣δӸղһлع
βеľ˵ڰ˿ͼƬٴβɬĹ֣ԼһӡȾѪнͼ
Ҫǣڵ֪йظ׳лܶķŭͲ⣬Ҳһ֮䱻ɢ
ڳϫУȴɿյܡ
Ͼһվûܺ͸ĸⲻò˵һޱȵź
ֻĵһ̫ϽʦܣڶɽŵˣƸǳ㾿
ϫ˼ǵã׳˵֮ôֻ֮ǰݣ
һУԶö֪
ϫ׳ĸѩ뿪ˣѾһϯƽٱ뿪硣
ǾȥΪʲôҪ˴Ҵ뿪ϫȴ޷жϡ
Ϊ̫ϽʦܵĳΪĳԭҪ뿪ȴ̫ϽɱҲͬΪǸԭڵڶȺӦ䡣
޷֪ԭ򣬲ǳ񲻵ò뿪Ĺؼڰɣ
ϫһĬĬʶĺͼƬȻĸѩ뿪ʱ˵ԼúñܺôôֻҪԼһ⿪аأվһܹطġ
ţ
ڴʱϫһ硣
ৣ
һ̣Ӱʧԭء

ಣಣಣ
βɳĮԶĲϣظֳӰ
ϸѲ飬ɱ񽫺͢ʦǱڴˣƽٽ٣񾳲棬һҪץסЩˣ
ΪһѪۣݲҰף촽Ũ֮ɫ俪ڣ̫Ͻ洫ӡ
һλڣȴδ洫ͽУԭڣʵ͢Цλ洫ӣһĲࡣ

ԣ빪Զۣǰ·ӡһֻɬͼ̫Ͻͽı־
Ҳζ̫Ͻеͨͽλºκ൱Ϊڰ벽Ρ
סһҪץסҪҳǸгϫСӣ
ʲôٴγһ
ৣৣ
£ȥ
̫Ͻϯ磬ȸıϣΪǣ͢ʦֺɱ񽫵ǰڴ䣿ЩҺ̫ϽԵĶԶɱ
ɫɭȻޱȡ
ϧȻ֪͢޹أǱ̫Ͻһ־ˡ
ʦֺͽЦʦҲ֪ǷɹֻҪϹߴңɽߴѧԺԽɽƿ̫Ͻˡ
°ͣ˼ԽԽ˷ܡ
̫Ͻ̱ΪУֻ̲̫Ͼþò䡣
һϯĺƽڽ٣̫Ͻڿ԰УΪؼΨһףΪ̫Ͻ洫ӵܲ

ʦ֡
أҺӼԶдȻֹʱӳ˼оѣɫһޱȡ
ѵʲô⣿
ৣ
ûκγɣӰһʩչŲ֮ʱʧԭء
βɳĮ
Ѫܵʬب棬˫ĿԲɫ־壬Ŀ
ʬ岻Զڤǰλ벽ڣϥδѵļ
ټгϫµ󷨷ǶһлȻ
ˣ
һ󲨶ӰӳֳһۿľһĻǲҰ׵ɫ϶ʱһĨ
ƽϯ֮£Ȼ˸Ҷ̫Ͻ̵Ӷֱ֣ǻòͷˣ
ǣֲãһΪ̫Ͻʲôʱô󣬾Ȼ벽ԭ󻹸һλڡ
أһĮȻ쳹ɫһĿȻһɨʱԴ֮
ԭյУٿȻֳһӰһϮ裬¶һ忡ݣһĮȻ
ϫ
һ۾ϳԷԭɫȻʧһĨ˷֮ɫȡ
ֲλʦô죬˵κʮŰ벽һ֣Ҳ޷κ㣬Ȼ鴫
͵ӿһɿֲ֮绯һƿǬߣЦϧ˵ãҲֻǰ벽ѣУҲԽˡ
˵ţֱӶ֣
䣡
Ųһ磬Ȼһ䡣
Բʮءռ䡢ʱȫ뾲ֹȫƿأ
ƣһ֮䣬ʱգŤתǬԲɫͽֱȵУ
һӣϫ类һ
СΰƿʱգƾӹʱͿռ
һ֣ٴδЦ͵̽һۣץҪ˺ѳϫǻͳ
ϲɱ˷ʽ͵࣬ʣǵζֱԡ
ô
ȻڴʱԭһĳϫȻ̧ͷǷһĨĻȣĿ綢һˡ
ͻһĻпһ
ৣ
Ӧϫѳ֣һĨڶ˺գնʱ֮ЮŰߵķϯ
¡¡
һ̣ؼ䶼һĽ⣬ʱձԶһĨɢ
һֱ˵˼£ɬ֮ȴܻ򣬷豹һС
ɫһ䣬ǴиܵһĨΣյϢ
ôܣ
һ벽ʩչս

ҳɣ͵һžŰʮһɫɵÿһ֮ɱ˫
һɱΪ¾ɵֻ̫ײΣһȴ̫ɱ֮һ߿ֲơ
أ
ľǣһɲǼ䣬һס¾ɵ޷ֹԷһϤն飬꣬죡
ңһĨƲʱսޣɱ
⡭⻹ǰ벽ܹӵеս
ɫ䣬оѣֱԼ۾ʲôʱ벽嵽ˣ
ֱب޽֮£
Ҫ֪벽֮Ĳֱ֮࣬һλѹһڰ벽ڣ޷Ტۡ
ƫƫأ羳սһĻȴӲǰˣҲеһǿҵΣϢ
һлκһλڣ˭ܲˣ


1474 
𾪣ΪһλڣӦǲ
ϣ
һɲǼ䣬һƬɫϼ⣬ʶĿһ׵ɫ¸ͬʱжһɫǹ¿ֲâ
䣡
೤ǹһɨϫɱһĨͱֱӱ飬˵޼᲻ݣɱ˫
Ȼ೤ǹһǷĿֲɱ
ߣ԰벽ʵܱƵҼǹĿˣ
һǹ֣ٴһ䣬ϵ˭İԴǸͱˣȻ
ϫһУ̽żһɱһ̫ذס
꣡
ӶǹɫлǼذ׵飬ɢ
ֹ˶мߡ
ϫɫ೤ǹⱦﲻ罻ұΣǡԳ䵱ɲģҵıС
òⱵСһɱãҲȥã
Ц۳ֳǹңָϫһɱʱڣǵأһ̣ɱʱͣͣݡ
ҵһ򲻴ȻӦұȡˣϫâܣ৵һƾʧԭء
֪֣ṇ̀һɫ磬һƬããڤɱ졣
ϫӰһܿһⱦ̫ɱʱգǧɱҲòСġ
ϣ
ٴαɱɱ糱ǵȿɲϢԶ͵Ѱ벽
֪֮жວˡ
ȻһжԳϫ첻κӰ죬ӰƵƵ˸Ųշתǰͳ壬ָһһһĨ
أ
೤ǹײɢ˷ﻯһƬҳʢ֮ء
һһĨֱ۶ʹһ벽ܹӵеʵ
ٱ೤ǹ𶯣ӿ򣬽ظǣҪϫĨɱҹζࡣ
¡
ǹƿգҪǬƣ˷
ϫɫ΢΢Щأָãն߽ܻ֮ģﻯһƬ
սֶΣԡ޼񹂡еߴ֮Ϊģ֮ʥʱ֮УػΪ򣬺϶Ϊһ뽣֮С
һÿһƼ򵥵ĽУʵ̺յ۷֮֮ǿѴﵽ׵ĵز
Ľսܼң֡ǹͳϫɱսأǧβɳĮս
һʱ֮䣬ؼ両ֳ񺿡ŭǬѪȵȿɲ𵴾ʮء
һĻ˿Բţһλ벽ڣһɱò£ƽɫֱǷ˼

սУɫһһĨ¶
սѶرʩչ˸ɱУѰ벽ڣֻ·ַӾͱĨɱˡ
һо޷κǰֻϣ
ˣҲڶľɹؼڣսԷǳֿȭûмκɱ
ζʲô
һ붼ͷƤ飡
⻹һһĴڣֱж԰벽֪
־Ϊ⾳硢սɡΪֻСÿһʤڣֿܳȭԼսһ£
˾ǴðģδҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ƾ̤ͣˣΪֱڰ벽Σ
ѵԭʼԴ
ͷԺʱһԭʼԴֻ֤ʱٳԲܹ֮ӵС
һﵽȵزڻ磬̫飬ǵƣǲ˼ǿ
ڴ˵̫ɬ޿ˣʣ޾֮޷ƿء
֪ǧٸУֻҲҲһԭʼԴģ
¾̫ϽУճԭʼԴ洫ӣҲֻһ˶ѣûƿˣ
ϫŰ벽ΣӵͣпܲƿءԭʼԴ㹻ܵĪвˡ
ӣڽĨɱˣ
һ뵽⣬ӿһĨȻ֮ɭȻɱ
䣡
೤ǹգʵʵڤڤֶܻ֮һ˲佫ض뵽һɭ޵龰Уӿ
ѹֶΣΪֶɱ̫Ͻʮ󴫳֮ķţһʩչ֮ǿܹ˲ɱһ磡
ڴˣϫȴһĨȡ
ǳ
׽һУʱ׼ŭѹ
ͬʱϫϼʢ֮һ壬־һɨͷ­

ϫ̲סһȣͨ巢⣬ͳϫӲһ
䣡
ӲײǬ
ϫӰһ˱ܵԶһ˿Ѫգɫȴһ˿٣ᶨɱ
һУͬܵӰ죬˼Σ˰㣬ʹɫһӱࡣ
ԼȻˣ
ɱ
ŭ𣬻ӿһһ֮⣬ѶûٴγҪϫɱ
˵һƬֶɱ֮ǣҾˡ
ʱ򣬳ϫȻЦˣŶ
һκڶԾ֮ǰ޶ţսˣȷԼѾ֮߱ܣ
ио֮Ҳˣ
һжԴЩӵĲĿĩպƽ٣ʶ񾳴ڵĽ棬ࡰɶ֮ˣӳּ
һиǽԲĻĲɱ䣬ʱ̱֮ܿУ߱˿羳սǱܣ
һеı仯˺ϣ
֮֮ǰĳϫȫ˰ӣͨսĥº֪ҵ
Ծоĳϫˣ¶޾ţ֮ʢƿɽӣܺ
κγɣþȫܳɱʩչֶɱֲ֮ضֶС
ϣ
ڴʱϫڶһɱһʺ͸ɽ

һһյգҫǬ
ɲ֮䣬޾ֶ֮˺ѡ顢촷ۣ٣عǬΨһĨڷ
䣡
ɫǹֶɣĵ˲ֹڿѪŭ֮ĶȻУ
׳գѵ͢δἰôʵϫٴγֽͬħ񣬻ӽɱ
ܣȴϫץסһ˿һ£Ӳұն䣬Ѫܣ顣
أ
ϫһ̤زֱӱ
һһλ벽ڴܣ
֪һȻ󲨲ɡ


1475 񱦵ȼ
һż̤׹֮󣬾źɶѸڿգҪս
䣡
һΣϫһһ籡һƬѹ䣬ȫ
صһһνʵʵ˱ڵϣͷϣڿѪҲ
һװܱ
ϫɱҵģ̫Ͻϯ磬Һԣעú
ŭɫ͸ŨŨԹͲʡ

ϫûϻһնͷ­ɫ֮Ѫҫ
ɼˣδȥأ䣺ϣɱ˱ֶֹԴ
Ʋ񷣬Ƕѵʬףһļ
ֶߣ
ڴˣϫȣֱǰֱ̽ץסԷʬ壬Ĳźۼ籡һս⣬ʬС
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʬ类ٻеľȫսᣬȻһѽٽؼ䡣
ասᡭ㡭
Уصǰһ͸޾ľֺȻһ紵ȥû١
ΣҲˡ
ϵһϫ֮ʼս
һΣϫɱ벽ͬţϧսƷȴôϫ⣬һǹֵ֮⣬һЩɲҩһı
Ⲣ˵ЩûټֵĳϫУû˶
Ҳɽ֮ʱÿһﶼԻϲ񣬿̤֮·۽ǿ֮⣬Ѱ֮Ѻķۡ
ǹǲ̫鼫Ʒɱֻһߣӵˣȫ֮С
ϫɫǹжƬ̣
Ƿǹ⡾ǹѵãҲֻһԼĺɲĶѡ

ϫɱ֮Уͨףסס̫סֱ̫֣Ӧɡɡ޽ɡʥɡΡ
ɱϣȴûôϸڣ̻֮ӵҵģֻܼ̫ɱ
¿Էֱ֣鱦鱦
鱦񾳴ƶɣ书ЧҲвͬ鱦ȻӻĿΪϡ٣ÿһǿ֮
鱦鱦ԱȣԲһЩʵȻҪ﾿кãԼôʵˡ
񶦣̫Ƶһ鱦Ʋ鱦ȴѹˣ
ϫӵеġǴӻһ鱦ԭɽ֮˴иСʦıҲǰòŴ뵽˳ϫС
񶦺ʹԱȣȻ޷ֱˡ
ȻԳϫʵѷӳˣҲڶսռϲٱˡ
Ҫǣֹһɹصһܾȡ֮ˡ⡢𡭡ȵã֮Ǵ˼ĵط
ݳϫ֪йĵȼỮ˼ˣʦƺ̫ͬ񾳴ڣ֮Ĳ༫֮󣬹ףһΪΪĲֻ࣬Ҳӵейϵˡ
Ҳֻеϫִʱļֵڡ
ϫ㡭ղնɱһλ
أһڶ쳹ϫŤͷȥͿڤһɲԼü価֮ɫ
ȻղһսѾڤ
Ҳֹˣǰλϰ벽ϴ˿Ҳѱѣڤԣһɫųϫһʶһ

ϫˣҲ޷ٻرܡ
ԣڤɫһ㱣Ĳ벽նɱһȥɽ˭ˣ
𾪵ȵزϾ֪벽ֻֻа벽֮𣬿ɾ벽ȴǵ蹵һ㣬ب֮䣬˵ڻеĳЩֲɫ֮⣬ܹԽһ蹵ˡ
񣬳ϫˣ
ֱԳһǰδУʷ֮Ⱥӵ漣ˣ
λǰѳһ
ϫòڴֳĬһֱܲϰ߱˿ԼǸһ㡣
ڤγѣԶ¶м׷׵ͷ
һɶˣҪл㰡
ҵøձؿ̤ܹӵԵϫ㹦û
һºˣЩϵϼһǲˣʼ׷׿ڸмϫú߶ʱЩ
ֻٴתƻ⣺ղ̫Ͻ̵ӳûڴˣȻΪɱǰжϣɽľֻЩΣˣλǰʲô㣿
⵹ǳϫ޵ķʸͷ֮ϣһŻأԴҲζһϯƽٲδ
˵ĳ֣Ҳζ̫ϽѾʼ䣬ԣһǰδеˡ
ԤڰľӪô̫Ͻ̣һȻһһȷѪꡣ
ʱֹɽֻڤ硢˼еĵͳҲ̫ϽΪѹϮĶˡ
Ȼһڤһɫ˲
ټҵȴΪһƽٵƷи߲߰˰ˣΨҵȼˣһƽ٣ָζɹ
һȻ̾Ϣޱȡ
ҲĬȻ޺仪λ񾳴Ҳɵ
˵ƽ֮ϱ˶Ԫˣѵ˸᧿Σĵز
֮Ƿ壬ȹģѡξ֮ʱи˷̶ȱֱַ״ˣ
ڤһɫᶨΣϴµϨˣ
һڳϽԶһݣɫ両һĨᶨ
ϫ
ڤȻŤͷϫдĳϣ֮ɫ㡭ҪҪһ𷵻ϣ
ৣ
һӣϵĿҲ˳ϫһĨΡ
ϣȱһ۴ķ濴ϫΪʺϽ֮λճ£һѪμټЩϼһȫ֣ʤδλˡ
ϫҡͷѧԺĴֻҲ̫ƽˣǺʦֵУֻȷصѧԺ
ڤ˵˼ȴеģףϿɴκκøˡ
ԣڤ˽סԶʧ䡣
λǰʲô鷳ǰѧԺҡ
ϫ˵
Ǻãˡ
ڤһѹʧ䣬ˬʴЦ
ʧ䣬Ҳ֪ѾõĽˣϾϫٷɱȣƵѧԺԺ֮λɽ״ӣ
ȿסأ


1476 ·
ͣˣأ֮ϣǲŻһţǵأ硣
ǿѲڣؼĺƽ֮Ҳһп͡
޵߽ԶһƽٲδЩĩ֮񾳴ȫʱֵˣ
৵һϫһĨ˸գʩչŲƸ·ǱڤԺע⣬ȷصѧԺ
ƽٳЩ죬Ҳ֪ɽ羿ҳʲôӡ
һ߸·ϫһ߳ƾо֪һ£ڲںͻֲ̿
ֹΪƽ٣̫Ͻ̵ӰҲʼ磡
һ
ϫ뿪βޣշתã̤ޣִһųУ̻˰ʱ䣬̽ϢһʱҲ⾪ɲ
ԭӺƽٱһ󶯵콵ɱ񾳴ڣɨ磬޵Ĳ־塣
һʱ֮䣬絽붯һƬ֮أսҡɱҲ֮
ûе񾳴Ƿȫ󣬵˶Ŀһƽٱƣһ񾳴ڱץĿֲ
Ϊ˳ԾǣŮ洵ġ硱Ҳرգںƽ֮£κϢ˭ҲһߵͳǷ񻹴ڡ
ߵͳ֮һѵҲʹ𣿡ϫ𶯣Լо˼ˡ
ϾŮ洵Ǻɽ̫Ͻ̲Ĵڣܾʹٸˡ
Уܹϫʶһ̫Ͻǰĺƽ֮ǺεȿɲŮ洵òâѡ˳š
ɽγҲˣ
̫ϽѾʼϯˣɽߴѧԺϹߴңͥٶѱ̫ϽȾָƿˣ
һ¥Уһλ̾Ϣ
һϺƽϲ֮޷⣬ཻڴˣ̫Ͻ̵ıֶβɲģϧ˶Դȱ裬ʵɱԺ֮磬ֻҪϤ̫Ͻˡ
ϫһ𣬹Ȼڰпĳı֪µ̫Ͻ̣һƽڿʼ¶צˡ
Ǻʦ̫֡ȡŻڡǽԶǰĩ֮ĵѧԺУٲȻͬȺףֵ˺ƽ֮ʣֻ»¶ˡ
ʶһ㣬ϫٳɣҴҶǰɳǡ
ѧԺͬڲ֮ϹߴҵҲԷ硢塢ȵĽϰӵܣƽ֮£ûǺӵһϹŶ򣬱Ȼᱻ̫Ͻ̳ˣ
Զ׼飬Ϊϫĵǣ̫Ͻ̻ûѧԺڲǲŽм֡
ϾǺѾ뿪Ĵ治죬ҪȾָԺ֮λӶѧԺƿС
ɽһѧԺһݱƿأֱǲ룡

ɳǡ
ΰɣĦ࣬ɺܷ֡
ϫִʱܹᵽһ˿ͬѰζܵһֻ̿֡šա
һЩõĴɢĶɳУҲǰӿɱķɳǶһ˿ζ
ȻѰ֮ǲģҲֻϫȴڣܴж쵽һЩߡ
ϫ֮󣬱һ·ǰͣһ·ϣҲ˸ִźľҲóء
ˣѧԺҲˣǺԺ뿪ãϡٹϡϹһҪƾٳԺⲻ췴𣿡
ѵû˹𣿡
ѧԺһڽϰҳһ࣬˭ܹܵôࣿ
Ժ״ӻأ
ʧˣֹǻգǲؾԺ桢˽桭ûټڴǶץȥĩ֮򣡡
˵Ժһӳϫǻ˵ʴ𣿼ǽԺ֮λҲӦǳϫƲŶԡ
ϫһеȷ˲𣬵ϧǳֻʥɾѣܹЩѧԺϼһԿ
԰ɣ˵ѽ벽ˣǰЩӣд˵뵽һβеսء
벽Σ磬񾳲棬ߴڣûƣƵѧԺԺ֮λܷڣֻ¸סˣ
һ·ϣЩϫľ޶ٲȴԵѧԺĴеһĨǡ
һж֤Ʋ⣬Ψһҵǣû̫Ͻ̶ԵѧԺչжϢ
ţ
Ʋʲôϫ͵㣬ӿֳһĨɭȻ硣
ֵ˺ܶ࣬ˮȴһ̣Ȼüžֵ񱻸뿪ľտҲһŲƿ¶һƬյ֮ء
һУЩ˻Ȼ֪ԵüΪ졣
ɳϫֶΣʱ䡢ռ֮һӽƬŤתǬ
ɣ
ϫɫóĮȻԶ񷡣
Сһ㻹ʱ뿪ɳǰɣЩܹȾָġ
һޱȵһŮӰԶһϮɫۣüӿ۹⣬毺ðϹһĨͰ֮ɫ
ȴһλڸ䣬߸ϣһɷԹĽϡ
Ȼһλ
˭
ϫ俪ڡ
˿ֵֻ̣ʣˣңңţճ͸һɱÿһռС
ٹ࣬ٹϣû˵ⲢҪֻףڣͱ뿪ɳǣȻС²
Ůӿڣ̬ӺϣԴƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ڵң
ϫüϵôˣȴжϣٹ´Ϲߴ֮һٹϵ־
һ̺ȻԼΪʲô

ٹಢδϣԵú̹̬ȣȴԵǿӲ֮
Ϊʲô
ϫΪֻе¶ʧױ䣬κµĳֿܡ
α֪ʣСһޣȥǾֻˡ
ٹƽڣϣˮȴĮȻ֮ɫ
ǺǣһԺ֮λѣһλֹңٹϹȻôΪƿһУɲã
ϫЦЦȴһ˿鲨ûС
Сһ㻹̫ˣƾΪܿǿڣһγֵģɲֹٹϣΪ׵ķݶϣȰһ䣬ĪҪСʧ󣬵ԼСɾͲֵˡ
ٹ̾
ҲȰһ䣬ݺƽ֮£ǲ֪ȥԿ̫Ͻ̣ȴҪҵѧԺҰΪŰк𣿡
ϫɫ࣬һ˿ŭ
Сһ㶯ŭˣʱ˵ʲôҲȥϧҪһˡ
ٹٴ̾Ϣδ£һȻɱȻҰ


1477 ɱѧԺ
ɱУٹͨӨӨͷƿء
䣡
ͬʱϫ̽һһƬĹƲ㸡֣ϼԷɱȥ
ٹഽǷһĨӿһŹ⣬һģͽһƬƲ飬׷ɡ
ƬУû˻ŵǵģСһһ·ɣ
ƽУٹһץһӲӵ⸡֣һâ˺ʱգϫ
ƾ㣿
ϫϢ纣Խǿʢ̤գָһն

ϣЮֲܻܼ֮ģɬ嫣صһӲһɫ
ţӣֲø˿
ٹһУ磬ڣԶѰϫһһ˿ͬ
ûκγɣͷһɫͷɹ⣬ܻ꣬磬һƬϫѹ
һ磬ɱ˷ǳأɽΪƽأֲ֮һڹ͵쾡¡
·ҪɱңҿǺǣܺãҳϫͿǿ
ϫŭЦһ콣ƣһɽѹƣ죬֮Ӳ
أأأ
ɫ类ϫӲ˺Ѷ׷ը顢˺ԡ׶ɱɫɱ¶ŭٹࡣ
ţ
ٹüͷһ壬жݣһ벽ϣסԼһɱУֱ
Ҫ֪һ׽⡱ɱ£ҲӲȴϫӲӲһٸƵδ̫˼
Сһɣֻĸ죡
ٹһھȫһƬ
ͷһ׽⡱趯âϫĹ赲⡣

̶֣͸޾ɱ⣬ϫɫĮѧԺȻڷʲôȴȥ·Ȼǲؼʱ̣ѧԺĿ
Լˣ
ٹɫһٳɣͷ׽׹⣬һĴУӿϢ
ϣ
һ̣ϫҲٱ֮նһִӨӨȻϬˣ֮ʢǺӣ
߱ǿֶ֮һ̺һ˿֮һնǳ
䣡
뽣棬죬쳹˷Ʋ㣬ɢػһƬʱշ档
۵һٹӰһΣпѪסüͷһĨ¶СӺս
ҺãýһЩԴ֮սϫС
СһҷЩˣٹΣջǻϵѧԺԺı
ٹ࿪ڣԶ
ߣ룡
УϫҲǸܵһѹԴ׽⣬ⶫͬСɣġǹҪ֡
ֻٹ౾ס
ȻҪƾһɱϫǵȷǳ롭

ϫһ߳⣬ÿһ缡ʷģܻ¹Ӱƺ
һɲǼ䣬ıһڿգһĨĨͻͽֱײ׽⡣
¡
һƬУϫ磬Ӳһ׽ɡ
ٹɫ䣬׽ܳײҲܲϣ˭뵽һ벽Уܱս
ѹ⣬ٴһѪ߶½٣ѹϫ
ڣȼգ׽Ʊǣѹʮǿϫڴ˿ҲӰһΡ
գϫӲδɱ
㡭ôģ
ٹ͵شڿѪͫţţԴҲ벻ϫΰ쵽һġ
˸㣬ǰãҲŸոɱ̫ϽһĹ϶ԣͻ̫Ͻ
ϫĮȻԡ̤ն
ôܣôܣŲ벽
һ̣ٹڸе־壬һֱ̤֮ޱȳУŭ˻𣬱ɱ

һĨѪɫӿգϫֳֵ֮ɣٹ׻صһ׹գɢңɫ԰ףϢҡ
㡭ٹྪŭӣĿѣܲһС
𣿡
ϫĮȻ³֡
ۣ
Ѫһٹͷ䣬ɫѪڤһλʹɥ벻ףһ벽ڣһеġ
¡
ٹɣرã»ָݵϤĽֵϡ
һսδǽֵ˲ҲֱʱսĻƮɫѪֵ꣬һ󾪺ɧ
ղŷʲô
ȺȻֲ
ǳϫˣ
ע⵽ϫӰڲһţ𾪳
ʲôϫ˿̻ع飬ĪҪƵѧԺԺ֮λ
֪ǳϫع飬𶯣ʵһԾĻ󣬱㱻˲ѸٴϾϫֻҪһ֣벻עС

ৣ
𶯣ɲǼ䣬ϫѵִѧԺ⣬̧ͷȥͼѧԺܵϹŽƣ˿̾ƻ
óϫɫһ֪һ󴫳̫ʱڣĻԶδ
ȴƻȻѧԺзĳ־䣡
ߺˣȥ
һߺո֣ȳϫ

ϫһֱӽԷĨɱѪգʼոһδԵ֮Ϊ߸ͲǵѧԺˣ
һУϫһ̤߽˵ѧԺ
Ŀĳóϫеŭһ󷭹ݣƷһս̮ܵķ桢ĽȾѪĴء
ȥĿ꣬ٿɾķΧ

ϫм֣ɫĮȻȼһĨƵĻ棬ڵ۽Ҫ
¡
ԶȻһҺ֮
ϫٳɣȫŲƣһ·ϣܵ߰˴Ǽǿİ벽ڣֳָɱ
ЩҲ֪ʲôһȫϫնɱ顣
ԺȫΪ棬Ҳ֪Ժˡ
ϫһ߸֪ԶңңսһȫŲƣܿ죬ͺԺִԺ֮С
˭
Ȼϫ㣬ĿɨԶס
ϫ
һȹŮԶȻǰ㡣
㣬ϫжʱһĵĵѧԺ٣ЩѺʦܺ
ѧԺ٣ɣˣǿɾ޷ء
㣬Щӷ˺£أ
ϫӰһߡ
ﲻ˶ȸ
˵ţͼһ鵭ɫ񲯣һĻͳϫ֣ɲǼƾʧϢûһ˿


1478 Ŷ
һƬռصĲɫС
ųϫǰܿ죬͵ִһСؾС
ϫ
Сӿˡ
ϫһִͿһӰһ̳ϣЩʲôʱԶϲ
ЩУȻԺϯϰ®ԯƾԺԺ֪񡢵ԺԺȻˡ
ԼĪжʮˣԶѧԺĽϰ
֮⣬ҶơɡԺӡ
ϫǰһһ֮ٴɲ١
һ뵽ĵѧԺڷ䣬®ȴԴ˲ŲʣؾУоЩʹ졣
ϫҲԼ񻹲˽ѧԺеľҲ÷ֻǿ԰һɲá
أ
ϫĿһɨڳв޶ѧ
صģѧԺ䣬ӵԼһЩԺӣԶСı
һԽһ䡣
Щ죬˺£
ˣϫסüʵĿѧԺеĲҾ·ϸǱΧɱأһɱ޴й
˵ףΪһƽ٣
®ڣüһĨǣԵһһ͸˳ϫ
ԭһϯĺƽ֮£Ǻӡա̫ȡŻڡȥѧԺڲҲ
Ⱥף˻ֲ̿ټвԺ֮λң®һڽϰҲƿؾƣҳһࡣ
ǰϡٹϡеѧԺϰȻһҪռݡ񹬡µԺλ
һʯǧˣ¸һܵϰѧԣһУѪѹһͻ˲ٽϰʦѧԺ뵽˶֮С
ֹˣȻҾ£ϡľϡ硢硢ѧԺҲʼҪָѡеԺλ
֮һѧԺΪ̫࣬ҳһƬ£®˶ֻܱâʱ
ң
ҵͷ
ǳϫһкĸоҲ˵ѧԺĴѴﵽ˼ΪϾΣյĵز
䵱ţϡľϡ硢塢ϹҲҪȾָԺ֮λʱϫɫʱ
ô£
ϫޱ飬ĿһԵļɣнԶһܵһ˿¶
˽֪ϫõʴУΨһʸѧԺԺ֮λļ̳ˣԣǲӦòŶԡ
ϫˣǼ־ҵܹ⣬ϾѧԺԺ뿪ǰҲû´λگϡٹϡϿԺ֮λҲľʹ˹ˡ
ɬڣһ
ΪһԺ֮λͿ޼ɵңѧԺϰ͵ӣʲô
ϫšü͸һɺͶ֮䣬͸һ˵ϡ
ο٣̫Ͻѳûϯ£˼УΪ˶ţֱ

®һڽϰԶ첻ѣоĳϫѺͬһˣһֲŭĴǡ
ϫ֪ԭڻ⣬ԭҵѧԺʮλ񾳴ϹߴһҲʲôһƽٽ٣ѧԺһ򡣡
®ȻҪǣա̫ȵϹŶҲһ伣ŻᱻЩ˿ӡ
˻һϫѲ٣ʶ®ǲ񾳣Ҳһǰĩ֮ˡ
ζʲô
ζĵѧԺֹû񾳴֣ڶûһѹЩԺ֮λ죿
Ҫ֪ϹУλĽϰԼһԺ֮λȷǼޱȡ
ϫ֮ǰٹ࣬Ȼٹеһλڣ
ٹϡϡϵȵȴԶڣΪԺ֮λǵȷ®޷Կġ
һ£ϫ㳹ˣкâӿĮȻǻ浱ǵѧԺˣ
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˵գתҪ뿪
ϫҪʲô
®һæڡ
ɱУ
ϫ³֣ƺңҳ飬˭ƻѧԺ˭͸ɱ
㡭
®ȳ⣬ȥкѻõʴУֻҪţһܶһУαԼСȥЦ
ԵסԺ˼ҶΣϫһ̣ǻ£
ϫҵȲǲԸΪѧԺҲԸΪ˱ȫѧԺУȥϹͷˣ
ϰҲ׷׿ڣȰϫҪһʱҪ¡
ϫȻֹĿһһɨɫĹĵ֮ɫһֻӳɱ
һǹһ׽⣬գͷơ
̫Ͻ洫ı
ٹϹŶٹ׽⣡
һӣɱͱϳ˽ԶЩɲĿϫѵ
Ǳɱ
˵գϫתȥ
׻ͫȻţзκˣϫɱֻа벽Ϊ
٣ȻϫѴ⣬Ҳˣ
ԺԺ֪һ磬ڣ벽Ͻϰһȥ֧Ԯϫȫ£

뿪ؾһɫϫ·ѧԺС
ԺǰһƬţû˵ʱϫŵս֮һжĻ
񹬵ĿȨǵѧԺ֮أֻҪ͵ڿѧԺ
®֪һڽϰʱ˹ӵڳϫ
ϫҲ˵񹬣˵λԺǵֵ죬һֱԺܾǱ֮أлһѹѧԺнƵĹŶΪŶ
˶ֹܹѧԺƣҺԺеġӡݵԺġ񾵡ؾԺġ顱ԺġȹűϵңӦ
ֻ֮ҪˡŶƿ˵ѧԺҲ٣ȻѧԺЩҵԶǱšŶȥġ
ͨһ㣬ϫûκγɣ̧ſԺ֮С
;ϣǶϱڲԫԶϴٹһһƬǽ壬û
óϫɱڣҪƲס
ѧԺĽ帣أɼҾأȴĿ꣬ƻóϫܵˣ
ֹ˵ѱȥ
أԶֳһƬبĳǽƣһͷȣ羪ס


1479 ɱ
һƬΰ֮ϣɫ
ĺ㿴ҵǺˣϽÿҪ󣡡
®һڽϰȡ
λѵҲҪһˮҵȰǲҪ󣬰ĵȴµԺѡʵʵΪף
ĺԴǺ
˵ʱ˽ƣһɿֲƬΰ֡
˭
ϫšüӿɱ
ԺؾһλϰһֱϹҽϽãͶ˽ӪС
®Ȼһ䡣
ϰҲԶŭĺѰɽ©ˮ뵽Ŀ˿
꣡
ͻأأϫȻ֣һִͨ콣ӨӨȻͷģԲնȥ
ߣҶֱ֣Ǵԣ
ĺߣм֮Գִ˵ؽǿ󣬸ϫһ
䣡
һ̣ɫ䣬һ£ƣܼģһӽƸӲ𡱿
һ˲ѣƬ̳
⧲£ĺܽʴ͵һѪӰһӴӿе䡣
أ
һӰƿգһ̤ĺţݺڵ棬ÿһͷ籬飬ѪĿ͸޾־塣
ΪѧԺϰ˼ΪѧԺȴ˼̤ѧԺɱ
ϫڣĨɱ˶Է
ƽɱˣǰ󲻹գʱѣ®˷Ӧʱĺѱ
һ£ʶ˳ϫӵеʵнԶ𶯣ƾһĨϣϫпɨƽңѹһУ
ϰɨϫһҲͣǰռȻˣûˣֻҪܻѧԺһȹ̣ɱѪɺӣҲϧ

ԺԽһƬһƬؾأ֪мأޱߡ
ϫһ·ǰУٴնɱʮĶ֣һԶһԵޱȡ
®Ǹԭְæɽȴ֣Ǹ͸ϲϳϫɱٶȣвһ𺳡
ܿ죬Զһͻ񹬸ҰС
һ񹬴ؼ䣬ͨͷŵԣֳΡ롢ׯࡢ͵Ĵ
ܣ¥ΰǽأһʥĹԶԶȥܹһɹ޵֮ƣǷ
񹬣
ϫĿ磬ңң񹬼Ϊƴ󣬴ؼ䣬Ǻӣ̻Իͣһֹ϶ׯϡ
УһĴ澴ηϢʵԽǿܾԽԡ
Ǿ˵ڴˣ綨룬ѹѧԺ̫ʱӴˣ
˵˵أǵѧԺ࣬Ǻ֮Ҫأ̫Ŵӵ֮
ϫüͷһ塣
˵غ͵֮䣬ƿֱͨʵмؿռ䣬ӵ磬Ѱ֮һӷɳ۶Եִˡ
Ϊʱյлֲ衣
ڴˣסϫֻһؿռ䡢Уֲɱ֣Ҫ赲ˣΪᡰйŶȡʱ䡣
Ҳգ˭ȥ·ɱ⣡
䣡
ϫһ̤һؽƣһռУƥ
һƬռ䣬һɳˮɱӿһȺ޵߸֣ɫᣬңңϫߣɱƣ
ЩУвٶѧԺϰҲһЩİס
Ϲҽϵ®ѳϫ
Ǻ⣿ҵѧԺŴҵȣֱ޷ˣһԵ֪ȡ
λҵֻǷ£ȹ˽Ҳ١һĮȻڣͱ˵ζ
ЦҵѧԺ̣ҵȥɣ®˽Զŭ
ҪգǱ롣߲Ϊɫ䡣
ϫüǰ֮УвѧԺϰΪѧԺ룬ھ͸ÿ֮ǰһҼִ̣Բ򣬼ΪŰѧԺұѪϴ֮
ɫ忡ɴ˿ȴһ˵ϣԷѧԺϰĲëȴһÿ˼
ϫǺǣôĿһ벽Ҳ˵˴󻰣Ҳ½շڴˣ
ǻЦ
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ϫĮԷķӦף֮£Ѫɱ¾޷ȡκγЧˡ
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СȻյү·
ǻһЦȳ˵ʱ͵ؼһѪɫ¯ͷųʮִѪɫնϫ
¡
ѪڣʱնһƬѪȾУʮѪɫͬеħУҪո飬ƺˡ
ǻһ޵Ҳͬһʱ̶֡
®ɫһƴ֣Ҫϫǡ
ÿ
ϫȶ֣ϼں𣬳ϣһƬ콣ԣɨȥ
һɲǼ䣬Ƭռ䱻޾û˶巢ʲô

Һ
𵴡
Ѫˮ籩ȾƬռ䡣
̳ɢйâʧƬռָʱһ֣ЩеѧԺϰԶδ˽ԶһƬʬѪǣ
һ֮䣬նɱһڵˣ
®˶ʱסܹϫɱķĳȴû뵽һս֮졣
û֣Ļ
ʵϣЩһڳϫδǰԽǺɨƽ
սѿɱڣԲὫЩ벽ˡ
ಣ
һѪɫìȻܳɱϫʺ
е˲ڴˣ
ϫȴϵ̽һץӲ۶ϣһӣسìɶȥ۵һһƬռУеһӰ
˺Ȼ֮ǰĻߣ˿̵Ѫ飬ڵϰдԲһУձ
ò˵Ҳ˵ãܿ˳ϫ֮ǰһϧȴⲻ³
ҪɱңҵǱƵġ
Щ˵صѧԺϰ֣ױ壬Ĳѡ
ϫ硭
®в̣ϾǱ˴˶ͬţڡ
ǵֻΪʱףһĳעҪΪ˸ۣû⡣
ϫ޶ԣĮ飬ָ佣£ڶնһһѪͷѪޱȡ
®˼ˣ֮࣬ԶȻѡ
λڴ˵ؿأ֮ɱ⣡һУһ˴ñԡ
ȻϫͷҲһ䣬̤Ѫʬǣƽȣֱ²ȾѪһĪƣ˲ɡ
®죬û˵ʲôȫǺųϫԼҲ׸Ӳô


1480 
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ǰһؿռУϫǰ֮Ѫɽնһߡ
ʼգɫɱ䣬δһ˿δ˺һ
һƽٶѣȴѧԺڲң򣬼ֱǿЦ
һѧԺ֮λѣȴѧԺи˴ΪϧѪɺӣѧԺʦֱ
ԳϫԣǼخʦµĻҵǺʦֽеΣȴƻ˶ƣԣ޷ŭ

һڽɫڿգɢһ೯ϫӿʱնҡ
ϫŤͷâأһƽն飬һֱӽһڽɫӶ
ۣ
һӰ׹أִϫҪɱңѵˣݵУһָ㣿
ϫɫĮȻ飬ָһԷͷ­ոѪȾա
ԼǵöԷһԺݵ۵棬Ǵһִ֣ϧԷͶϣйϫͷ֮ޡ
ɱˣϫǰؿռ䣬һƬʮֹ֮أϾҪӽˡ
ֻһ֡
һ꣬һϣձһ֮뵶磬ܣ˳ơ
һλڣ
ϫɫ۾ȴ΢΢Ϣܲһ㣬Ȼƽȴһɲĸоƽ嫺һ񣬱ؽʮֿɲ
ճϫƲ⣬˵ʵӦٹ֮ϣ޷Կ
ǳϫܹһߵҲЩȣֲʻøС
ϫ꾹һĨЦ⡣
ʣ
Ȼľˣ
ϫԺһ崿ŮӰŮսĵ׸ɾ覣̤ɽʱύһλѣͬʱҲǵʱɽ֮һľٵá
ľˣ
ϫüδ˶ɣľʽãɲϹľϽãԷȻҲһԺ֮λĽУԲ˶ˡ
ڱľ졣
ľҲҪңϫϢǿʢɭȻһڻɽʱᱬ
Ųţľ϶Ժ֮λ޶ֻ̰ǲԸʹ˹øˡľϫɱȴɺЦڣԳԵš
ˣľϱ˳ɣϫĮ
ľЦЦȻϫԸ⣬ľϿԷԺ֮λ
ЦԺ֮λҵģֺαؼٽ֮ȡϫɫһ䣬ǿޱȡ
õʴУɲܻԺ֮λοһˣƵ޴֣Ժ֮λҲһ˲ٿصĿܶѡľ쵭Цڣ벻ϫ̬ȡ
ܣϫҲЦˣȴǺ޸鲨Ҫһԣ
һ£ľЦݣüϫΪԼɨƽһУ

ϫ÷ϻʱޣûĺͶԷִ
ľоâһҲãǾһ㾿к͡
䣡
δ䣬Ӱһһ̽һֻ޴Ӱ죬ķ˼
һץ֮£ձ飬ӳֳĿֲҪضץ޾Ԩ
ϫȻľƵȷΪǿһ־ֳȻ֮֮ٹԶǿһ
¡
ͬʱϫҲָ֣ã翪磬̫飬һн󣬴죬н
һ̵һ֮ݻһ֮磬ܲݺἤХǬ
ľâһƵƵ仯ܵһĿɲͳϫӲֱһӿգҷβبϣһݺɱ¡
أأ
ϫȴܣнͷԷϤն顢ɱ촷ۣһ֮
󣬾ɱΧԷͷȥ
ৣ
ľɫڱãӰһܡ
ϫָһ㣬˵һһڿգϳһطĽ˺ʱգ׷ȥ
һڣɱ˫¶һɱ޼᲻ݵĿֲϢľɫһòͣ٣֮Ӳ
һɢľӰһΣ̲ס˺ɫ粻
̫⣡
һ벽ڣӵս
ľ벻ףȴʶΪγϫҹһǰˣ޿֣Ѫͷ
䣡
ϫٴαɱ
ˣ˳
ľ䣬Ըϫ˺Ƥ

һɲǼ䣬ϫ֣糱ˮ㷵ڡ
ǿľϣҽնɱ㣬ϣľܹҲɱ䡣
ϫƳ˶Էһۣ㼴תȥ
Сӣ湻˵ģ
ϫ˲Ļľǽסݺݳ鴤ȴǿЦҡҡͷ
֪ͨˣѧԺɣľ촫һ־Զɢȥ
ΪΣ
ʲôʣ
ɲǼ䣬һѯԭ

ľɫһһɲɵĴơ
£һ˸๡
ľ벻޹ؽҪҵҪڽҾ֮£Сߵһˡ
һľ쵱ϣųϫǰе·׷ȥ

ܿ죬ϫڵִǰ
һƬ㳡̫ʯ⻬ɼ߲ӡŹϢ
˿̣ǹ㳡ϣŴССʮȺˣ־ݹ㳡ܣͨ񹬵·װѿء
֮Ҫ񹬣ȵôǰЩİء
һƬž޽̸֮ȴɱ֮Щѿ·ͬʱҲڱ˴˶š
֮ԻˣҲΪǱ˴Ҳ˶Ԫˡ
ҪǣǸԵҲѸԽ񹬣ƿȨս
ৣ
ϫӰڴ˵ʱһɲǼ䣬Ŀˢˢɨ
ϫ
Ǵӣ
벻ȻҲˡ
Щ˸ʲôԵģҷСӽ˵أ
ϳϫݣıָвͬԾмޣ򲻸ţһ㡣
ͬʱϫĿҲɨ㳡Щ
вֹٹϡϡһ硢塢硢ϵȵ
Уϫ˵Ժϯϰʤ
ϼһûв뵽һϵУһϡٹϡߡ
ҪǣЩУЩѧԺְϰģǸǿߣ
ЩİףҲǸԵԮˡ
һĻϫԭĮȻɫһӱ䵽˼£Ҳɱ˼£ӿķŭ棬Ҫٻ񷡣


1481 
Ρ룬ؼ䣬ׯϡ
ǰĹ㳡ϣϫһˣԵƵ
ڴˣ»ŵ˫ȷûκסѹˣϾܹڴ˵ĴڣΪ붼ڰ벽
ʥڴˣõսľûκδڸС
ϫȴԵüΪڲͬһˣɻɱڤཻڣƣӵһ˵ƣ˲С
˿ɱһʱŰ˷ƣڳ΢΢ɫ䡣
û뵽ƽ֮£ûöȾ壬̫Ͻ̾ͬûȾ裬ΪҵѧԺһԺ֮λȴȴ󶯸ɸ
ĮȻ쳹ƬأϫٿȻķĿĮޱȣԼɱ
ֻһˣһӵǿ̬
ԣвмߣҡͷЦüѣΪϫʧȥǣ˵滰
ڴˣϫĮɡ
ѧԺɱѧԺʦѧԺɽӾγѧԺȾġ

ȶ֣ɱ磬ֱģɫ䡣
òⱵСΪѧԺӣ֪ʦ¿ԣ浱õʴ֮󣬱޷ˣ
һ߰಻סȳϫһԺϰʦѵϫ
ϫȻŤͷһңңԷǷһĨĮȡ
ΪŰȾָѧԺȨߵǬĽϰһᣬ;֪һɱ⣡
˻ȻֹǾǿڵߣЩͶⲿĽϰԼ̬ȣ
Х𵴣쳹ʮأڳɫٴһ䣬𶯡
Ÿյִѣϫϣ飬ʵڳϡ
оͲһŭ
ǵģǱϫŭˣо̫԰벽Ϊǣֱǲ֪
˵һ֮󣬳ϫ㲻ٶԣĿɨڳˣǿУһĮȻ־o䡣
мžΪ졣
Ǻǡ˺ȻЦˣûκʵݣеļЦζȴ˴̶
ˣںƽ֮ǰƾѧԺеı֣˶ᾴ֣ɽûЩϹŶշҲһĳѣϷȰһ䣬ĪҪѪͷֻû֮
Ц͸һɰȻ
˵õʴУԣӵм̳Ժ֮λʸ񣬿ƽ٣ѧԺȺף£ѡ¸֮ѧԺǳΣƶȱˡ
˲쿪ڣԴǣƺʵֻϫδɣʸ񵣵ѧԺԺˡ
һʱ֮䣬ϫǧָˣ
һУϫţĿ䣬Զ񹬣־˼
̫ͨʯͣׯϵϣ̲࣬ţ֪֤˶ٲɣǨͬʱҲΪѧԺѹز֮ˡ
ֺ롢Ρ롢ĬƬƣʥoڣη
ϫš̤˵أңңһ˿Ӧعƾ׺֮⡣
ֶصĸӦľ类ɨ͸ɾһط磬֤Ķظо
ϫǵ񹬵بѹڴ˵֮غ嫵޷
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Ȼϫ̧ͷɫ͸ĮڣҪͷ֪׷Īͽɻ
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һһѹɢѸأһɫԶһЦȻֹ
һƬžУϫһͨ񹬵ıֱǰ
ȣ졣
Ŀбӣ̬ϣͶ˻֮ǣȹһˣȴϵ˭֮ƣ
绢ΪУ
һ̣ڳ˲ܻʲô˼Զ𣬲ĳϫ
ѧԺ㲻ܱһһԺ漣ͬ޵֣˸ɽ磬Ϊɽһ
ֻ벽ս֮ͬУ˭֮棿
Ρׯĵǰǧɣ߲ϲɣϢϫһϮ£ͷ
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ͻȻһ쳹ľ졣
һԶû뵽ľһ徹ڴ˿̱̬Ҫֳϫλ
ڵĵǰһƬң۸ӣѧԺеĽϰϹߴҡ硢硢ԮԶıȡԺ֮λ
ľһȻ̬ڳձ
ľϣǺǣǵ˼˭֪СһΪܣЮ̣
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ľɫһڡ
䣡
ϫȻһ䣬һƬн罣籡˲ϢԶһգӲһ
¶֣û뵽Ȼϫʶټ

ӦһƬ֮ѽ֣۵һըĨɱһƬѪ
һϵǿߣΪΪǿ󣬿ɸ˵һ仰ѣ㱻ϫһɱ
ҳϫĶ˭ҲߣҲҪ˰
ϫĮڣ¶Եǿơ
˽Զһݣɫû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷֱ֣ǿ赽˼£
Ҳʶ֮ǰĳϫ˵Ц̧־ɱһ벽ڣǴƴսˡ
ľˣҡͷٶԣȴΪźûܼʱͳϫԵ

һɱһǿ֮󣬳ϫɫٴԶȥÿһƾһ֡
ʾԼľģƣΪ֮Ҿ֣ѲɱᱬѪս
ڴˣȻ塣
еɱͷŭ۽ڣҪƲס
С㾹ɱ֮ˣ
ڣһͲסɫŭ͸޾ɱ
һ˵ʱ̧һʵαն飬ɱϫ
һԵüΪʱգϫնҪɱϫ󻼡


1482 Ѫ
ʱսһαԣɱ
һһ˲õɱɲһӰ߮飬ڰѹ֮

ϫҲһȥصһӲαп걬顣
۵һѪɫ䣬ȷӦһĨƲͷն£
СҶ
һǿ֣߳ҪߣһͭɡڿգģҪ赲ϫһ
䣡
ͭɡϣʢâ
һȷסǳ֮ˣͬÿѪӰĵˡ
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ϫߣӰԭزָţܳһư罣˺ձȥ
Щ޲Ʒ֮Ю֮ܻ£ڽ֮ɢǵ֮ܰڤն䡣
һƺղųֵĽߺֳͭɡǿߣȻ⣬ȴɱ屦ҽУĨɱ

Ѫʬ׹أŻѪ
һжת˲֮䣬ʼ̫죬Ҳ̫죬һǿޱȵ˶Ȼɫ䣬Բš
δ̫ǿƣڳϫǰ벽ͬ߹һ㣬һ
˭ˣ

̫ҵ֪ԸΪ㣬ȴŵôߣ޼ɣֱﲻ⣡
ֳ֮УϺٹϡϣڳΪӴһȺĿһУЩǽԶŭɱ¶ó׼
̫֮УԶѧԺ֮ˣ˭ˣ˭ǵƻѧԺɱʦģ
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Ťͷֳ֮Уֹһз硢硢塢ϵȴ
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λ֣ʱ֮׼֮ĬѴﵽ޷ĵزǻһλԿ޷ܿ۰벽ˡ

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Ѫգͻͽһֹǳ飬һƬʱպڶҲնΪ롣
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৵һͬʱϫ̤ӰһһֻΣһษȥ
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ϣ
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䣡
ϫһѪڤһɡ
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ۡ
գ֮߰ǧĥɱΪѪеޱȡ
Զľ졢塢˿ľԶϫչֳĿֲս𺳡
ݵóף
ǽٴ׷ɱɫˮαϫԿǵûжԷûɱ˲ˣ޹⣬ŭ¡
¡
ľӿգɢһΡɽɱƽƽȴ͸һɱţǬĿֲϢ
ϫȻȴη壬෴ս⡣
׷ɱЩӴܵİ벽һԾ𣬵֮µѪɫӣŭɨȥ
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߽棬ɢʮأƬ㳡֡
̫ɲ˵񹬽ƣű˷ûܲ
򣬵һֻ¶ҪѧԺٵ
ŵŵš
һ𾪵Ŀע£ǽƾĵˣÿһ˺ݣһգɫҲǲ԰һ֡
˳߲̲֮סһƽɫѪգ


1483 ˭â
һ֮£ڽ¶
һĻ̫ˣ˲š
֮ǰϫɱ벽ɱţɣ֪䲻֮Ϊ֮ͬУ֮⡣
˭ҲûսǿᵽֹԺԿѹ˶Էһ
ݹ۹Ž񣬱°벽мϫģ
ֱبδУʷ֮Ⱥӣ
ɫޱȣŭ֮࣬ҲأӿɲѰɱȣԳ֮
꣡
һĨ콣ٴնƸޣͷƤ
ɫأ˫ּһӡ˵һһĨС
򷨱ף⻤壡˾ϳһ˲õصԴϣӡ
ǽϴµ̫һ⡱ܻݶ
⽪Ժ֮ܲľҲѶãȻӵֶΣ
أ
һײնǴϣδ
ϫһУһﻹЩ¡
Ϊ˿١ԭʼԴ֤Բʱ̱̤
ˣսҲԿ羳սһнԴǻɵʹӡõһ֮
ţϫȴٴγɱȥ

ʹ⽻棬Ϻ
κ󣬽ټֲסɫףıһգ̲סѪ
ۼҪնɱȻ
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綯ˣѣһ־ͶԼǿɱС춴һǳŤǬϵɲ֮
һ̣ǳϫݣ˶𾪣طʵ˵ãУҲ㺱
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ϫܣ֮ӲƵ죬ƬֹΪ
ǵ񹬸Ͻ໤Ҫٵɡ
ﶼѵԶԶģɫ𶯣һȽɢĲϯԲˡ
ʱϫѺսһţײɱ죬շתķսΪңɱо
Ƭ̣۵һѪ˳ȥǧεĶԿУվУϫһ˼Դھ֮ϡ
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Ȼľ촫ѳϫ
ʲôƽ٣ʲô̫Ͻ̣УԶȲ棬ȹ֮Ҳǻ
ϫãüɨľһۡ
ʹ֣ȻҪЩػ֮ˣѧԺڲܳȹ̣ܹͬԿƽٺ̫Ͻ̵Ϯ
νȰڣˡ

ʱ򣬺ȻһĶӵ񹬴ɢ͸һضڵ
ϫɫʱһĿңңԶ񹬡
ԼµǡŶᣬֻѿҪĻˡ
ûκγɣϫת񹬳ȥΪӦľвܿƵס
һϢ
ˣڳûɰһɫӵؿųϫȥ˸裬ٸΡ
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пɶڣҲ֪һܷ񿸵סˡ
ľૣ֪Ϊ˿ơŶ˿̵ĵѻ˲ʮڡ
λٹ롢Ϲңλ硢塢硢ϵ
֮⣬һλݺӵĴڡ


1484 
ؼ䣬ڤ֮ϡ
ѹѧԺ֮أһλһλԺڴ򣬲ƿǬѧԺ߽ء
ϫӰ֮ԱȣһֻϰСת˲ʧͨ񹬵Ż֮С
񹬼󣬼Ϊֺ룬ǳ쾭γ
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вüΪ࣬һִϵʯƳļ֮
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һ̣ϫЯľȻӯӯ⣬һɻϢңңӦ
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ûɵأϫһƬξĿ飬һоԶ
һнѹ֮ϴӡڴˣ˱֮ԸʥԸ롭
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䣡
ת˲䣬һս쳹ûЩ̸
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ޱȹֺ뿰һء
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Щֲͬһ·˴˲ϣţΪԭ򣬷ûܼʱѹסһ˵Ķ֡
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һʵʵϣֻһ˱ҵѪ䣬ǻȥ

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һ֮ܵٻӵڽ֮Уһɾ£ɨɽӵϣ
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ϣѪɫҰףϫУȴѵõشһĨο
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뷢԰׵߿ڣղһشòȡһ˿ȻҪôŶȴϫƻҲŭޱȡ
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ϫĮڣǿưԵԼɱ
С
òζըϹҽϣһԾŶܵƣ
ٰ಻סһƸϫ
֪ϫߣѪһնһƲݺѹߡ
һͼ߱ĵˣɫһ׽ӣǾŭǲš
ԭҲŭޱȣɵĿһĻʱԶһɫ֮ʵ̫Źˣ
ֻа벽Ϊսǿ޷֪ǳ
ľڴˣҲһ֣ᷢеĳϫʵ֮ղžǿ˲ֹһ
һУԾڵ˼ӳ֮
ڴˣϫԲ͸ˣĿȻλ֮ǰͷѾ˳ҿԸһ·ھ뿪նģ
λԷͻ壬ԣɫ䣬û뵽񾹷ȱʡ
ƾʲô㣿ǻüڡ
ϫʱüͷһ壬ִܵ˵أ˵һУŲŲҪͿǷϧˣ
ԴǺ֮ͣŵĻ뿪žܼ򵥵˼
ҲӲֳ˿̵ĳϫǺεȵǿƺͰԵٲȻһ̬


1485 ҹ
ϫǿƣڳһٴɫ䣬еܵƣ
Ͼϫ̤ѧԺʱЩϼһ粻֪ǰ̤ĺϣӵɽڵƺȨ
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ϫҵͬԺ֮λΪ㣬һǷһʹȻٹӢڡ
˻һԶŭĿӣЩãţҲһд⶯Ŀ˸
ϧθ룬ϫĻشܹϣûκԥ޿ܣ
֣Ͼ
ҲζţϫѴѪսףҪ˶£
ߣĸָһ·浱ҵη㲻ɣ
ٹӢɫѿޱȣ߳ŭ
η岻η壬ı䲻ǽˣ
䣡
£ϫٴζ֣Ӧսλ


1489 ɱȺ
Уսٴα
ϫǿƶһ֮Կλ²ɵ
һ̵˴壬ľӨ磬Ѫݺأһ߳˷ħҪƽ¡
䣡
һķ𣬳ϫٹӢӲѪȽ棬ɽײȣϢֲ
ת˲䣬ٹӢˣѪ
ȳϫɱһϵ˱Ϯ㷢Ʈ裬ӨӨдء
Уһᷨţųơָᡱƾˡ
ϧɲгϫɫĮķ⣬ӿ֮硱籡ɱɱɱﲻơ
˱òݱâ
һ̣ϫȣͶ㣬֮ӳ֣ð˷İ壬
ʼգδһ
ɱ˵֮ԴԴߣٲɱӣ룡
ۼϫֲ͢Ѿŭ£˻ȫû֮ǰ򶨺ʹݡ
Ļ᲻ЩٲȻѵƴɱ״̬
䣡
ڴˣϫδݣʱ󿪴ϣ񹬵ˣͬƿشҪ֮ɱ˼С
˵Ŀɲ֮ھʹŶںϺϫõ˵ϿɣӶѹµˡ
䣡
ϫѪն򵥵ȴһӽ͢ɳȥԶ¶ʹ࣬һ̫أѪ𵴣ܵһˡ
˺Ȼ˼򷨲֣Сѵѹɨ˻ģŰ벽
ǵ̤ѵҪ羳񲻳ɣ
꣡
ļµһɲǣϫϣӰƵƵ˸ɲǼ侹ٹӢǰһնȣȵ𣬺Ȼ׹ء
ϸҶ
¡һؼʱ̣λЮɫһնϫ
ߣ
ǣϫڵȿѪ˵һؿռ䣬ݺݺɨȥ
һж̫죬仰˵ϫĿٹӢ⼧
أ
ɫⱬ飬ѤĿ
ۣ
ƲǼ⧲֮£Ӳţһ쳹Ѫˮɽ
⼧ܼʱͱһն룡ˣˣʱ޷ٷս
ļ£ǵ֣ǵ޷ѹƳϫһһѹԽԽ
ߣֻɱһ˶ѣΪĹϵһҲΪ
ϫüû뵽һûܵóѣɱȥҪ䳹˽ᡣ
ڴʱ¡һһͭꪺɨȴǽ͢Ӫȶ
֮£ϫֻתͽ͢ٶ
ɱ
ϫȣ֮ӿ𿪽͢ս
ڿµĺУһս޲ʤףָأܣϯ˷ϣǿ
ۣ
Ƭ̺ٴ˸ˣȴϵһŲһιǣұ۲㱻ϡ
ˣ͵ӿһĨɶƵĺ⣬̫ǿʱ˿̣ˣֻʣս
ƣǶزΣıԵ
λٲʩչֶΣտ¾Ҫˣ͢ŭ𣬳ϫ֮ǿҲ
ˣ
˵ʱһڲڿգ׹ӿŝԣƺˣӨ͸оӿһƻɬϢϫ
ңƬУֳһӰ糱â貳ʢޱȡ
Ȼһ񱦣
ϫһУⲧһ鱦ϢʾݶһʩչǵȴΪˡ
õ֮ӲҪﶵס
һɲǣȻ䷢
ڽ͢ʩչﲧɱϫʱһٹӢһͷʩչŲ֮֮⣡
ȻͳϫƴҪôʱ
һĻʱ͢ŭܲڴʱ˵һǴǽǲҪǿߣ
ң
͢ʱһŭٷģתǲۡ
ͬʱ˵ļ⣬λٴγɱϫ͢һ֮
ߣ
ϫĮһ߿ƴһԵ֮赲
һʱ֮䣬ɱնԿ㷨Ž棬սΪңֲֳµľơ
ϪȻң
ڴʱ񹬴ǰȻһҺǾǸߵٹӢȻֹ
еһһɫѿ˼£ϪȻǳϫ֮ǰߵĻ
룬Ǿ֪ٹӢ϶ɱˣҲ˵ڰiٹӢҲ󳾣
ϫҲһУ΢΢У͵ٴƣȫս¾ھƣץסѻˡ
ɱ
ϫͨ巢⣬ڣ񹬵֮ȫںϣѪٿȻͷųһɫ
ÿһɫɝɣܻɬ֮ƥŭħź档
һɲǣϫǼԵ֮ڲ
һĻڷ֮г֣ʱΪ˶Ըֶ󡱣֮ϫǻΪġ
˿ͬһǱϫʩչԺͬһɫ磬ϢЩȻɫ䣬ܵһв
ৣৣৣ
ɫ׹ʱգ籡һɬ֮ϯ䡣
һ죬˵ļܣͱͱѣȫѪе
ͬʱұ۱ϵҲ٣նû˺ۣѪȾڲʵҽкȻض
һ֮£λ
һĻ֮ˣýʣµĽ͢ëȻð׹ߡ
̫ɲ
˵ƣѷܹ⡣
ȥߣ
͢һҧһλתӣһսʤ㣬ٲӣǲŽ޴
ˣԺʲô˼
ϫߣ׷ȥ
¡
񹬴ű俪͢˸ҪȥȴһͷԡȼյٿȻ⣬ѤƮ֮죬ȥ·ȫ
Ϫͽ
͢ŭüεѣвۺݺɱȥ
Ȼڴʱȴһǻ԰λõĴƾն֣ͷֶ£Ӳǲ
ͬʱһɫһƬ籩ϯ͢һλûС
¡¡
ֲޱȵĲʢУһҽкŭ͸Ųʡߺޡ֡
κ̳һйڳš
ǹϵĴǰɻ棬һεӰֳѪ
£Ѫģʬ
ˣ˴ǰԺ֮λλȫһҴ棡


1490 ̫Ӱ
սĻ
λ
ʱĵ񹬴ų̳ʢ硣
Ϫ˵ն裬ѤƮ棬ɽ䡣
ҫ۶ĿģȴһȻǰľӰ
Ũܳ裬磬֮䣬ܿžʮصİأһʺѪĹӳУأһενӲӵѪա
衭衭
񹬵֮һܣ׶쳹ӳĵһصף£ƿǬ
£ѪģʬΪƽһ˵ơ
֮ǰ̰Ĺ㣬;֪¡Ȼ˵Ϫڣһ޳Ӱݣ˿٣һĨǸȻ
ϫ֣Ȼ²ᡣ
˵ʱѪĿٿȻĹ㳡ϡ
ݼԺ
ҲڴʱһɽХƵĻ쳹뻮һεΪ׳ۣ͸һɺƴׯϢ
ڳϫɱλ֮ǰǹĹ㳡ϣѻˣ顣
вֹľϡ硢塢ߣ֪®һڽϰΪ׵ѧԺʦ
֮ڵ֪ϫáйŶѧԺ֮λһѧԺʦԶܣԼͬ۶
ԺԺؾԺԺݵԺֻҪһҴʦԶִ
˿̣ǽԶĿ˳ϫնɱĳ֮ڳÿһǣڴ˿̣ǽԶ̲סź
ǵԺѧԺ䣡
һĻн˴ΪѧԺһԶϫһնɱһѣؼϣǼ֮
ǻУ͸ŵľĵϲã۳ɺ𵴾ʮء
Щľϡ塢硢ϵһߣҲ֮ϫ㣬Щϻ̳Ͽ֡
֮ǰǽԶͼ죬;֪ϫնɱȺƽңЮ䣬ԲЩ
֮һ̵ĳϫ֮ǰƣͶ֮䣬ӯµƣΪĿĽ㡣
һУϫֵĳ򶨣Ŀһһɨ㳡ˣ®֪ԯƾһڽϰҲ˰㡢Ҷơ衢ɵһѧ
ɫԶһƬܣһƬԼĿи͸һĨͷĵĻϲ
ͬϫҲ硢ϡľϵһߣɫ¶;η
һɲǣϫʶԼѾɽһѧԺԺ
ݼԺ
һ뻮һĴ쳹Ұ
ϫкȻӿһĨθУһԺ֪һԼѾѧԺϢϢء

ϲϫԺִƵѧԺϲɺأ
أǲ֮ͻأ쳹һö˵Ц쳹Ƭأׯմơ
һӰ־֮ϣˮü˸ǻ۹
ȫһݣŮ˭Ϣڴˣ
Ц
һӰʱϫٿȻñ䣬ɱһƬǺȻ̫Ͻ洫ͽ֮һĽЦ
ôѧԺڣ
һΣҪлϫԺ̫ϽһæЩ̫֮Ͻ̴£߶ųϫԺǣ
ЦһĨɫϼƻãЦٻ⣬߿߿֪Ѱ㣬ϫԻ
˵գӰһҪ뿪
䣡
ڴʱһֻƾն𣬳ݺץȥ
Ȼˣ̻һʱҲã
ϫɱ˵
οɲУܿ죬Ǿֻġ
ЦҲ֪ʩչ˺طһЦУӰһ䵭ܿϫĹ
ϫڿնʶɨӰ˷ȷϣԷѾѧԺ޷ץɫһ
ȻԼƤߣ̫Ͻ̻Ǻֶΰ
ϫкâӿԭɵ飬ҲΪԵЩأԼƲ⵽˴λѧԺһֻҲ̫Ͻ̵ӰƲˣ
Ŀýϡϡٹϡϡ硢һǶһδԵ̫ɺˡ
ϫܲ²⵽۴˴Ժ֮λĻǷɹ̫Ͻ̶ԣԶڱס
ɹˣѧԺͽΪƿصӣȻᱻ̫Ͻ̳롣
ʧˣЩͻᱻɱһ̫ϽҪԸЩֻ»һЩ
ڣٹϡϡһ˵أôʧȥЩЩ̫ܿϽϮ
ѧԺЩѿأѧԺһʦֻ½Զˣʱⲻ˻¶ˣ̫ϽŻˣ
ȻǺüıƣһʱһ̫Ͻ޻أϫĬƬ̣һĨ޷εĺɱ
̫Ͻ̣Ǻ޵˹
һ̣㳡Ҳļ£ɫ䣬̫Ͻ̣һлҵı󣬾ȻҲ̫Ͻ̵Ӱڣ
ľϡ硢һɲнԾŭӣû뵽Լ֮ǰжȻ̫Ͻ̵ǹʹˣ
뵽֮ǰϫնɱλڳоͲɶһĨ⣬һж̫ϽڱƲδҲ̫ˡ
Ժֵ˹ͷ֮ǡ®֪ӭɫһĨƺҲˡ
ϫ׶Է˼Ŀľ졢ϪһϣλѧԺֵϾշˣ뿪
ƽȴһĪơ
ľ˷ǵûù֣аһ֤ϫ˵Ĵ㡣
Ǿ͹ҵ߶Ժλͬľ칰֣ϣһľת뿪
ˣҲ׷״С
ǽ֪ϫһ˶նһֽԺ֮λѴﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣʱڴˣҲΥϫԸˡ
ƣ
磬񾳲棬ĸҳϫţ
ΨгϫԼǽǵ񹬵֮ԼҲȻ޷ȡý֮սˡ
Ȼһ²񹬵ϫҲȻ塣
ƻѧԺΪʲôǣ
˹أЩ
ʹȻЩҲɱζѣǵĵ˹׻̫Ͻ̡ϫɫƽ
ԣ®һڽϰнԶοѣһ仰ѾǿϫĿ⣬ѲپɽǷĸ߶ϡ
ΪѧԺԺҪӵȺ۽硣
ѧԺеĸˣҪλˣҪչһʱ䣬ȡ̫Ͻ֮ǰ̤֮
ϫһĿ®ˣڣԼĵжôǿҲֻԼʵǿܹӴ


1491 Ǭ
ϫչأ磬սԺ֮λЩ®֪˰æ
Щ飬ȴֻ
ѧԺУɽ𣬽Ҳ֮ƻ룬ҲֻԺˡ®ڣ˵һЩ顣
ڵĵѧԺһҶѾƻĲӣѿر֮ɢȺɽݽߣ඼ٷıԵ
ϫüͷһ壬ȻЩ˻Ǹɨƽ̫ϽһҪΪ˸ۣ
޵ϫ֮ȷýһво޸һǺʵˡ
£ϫ®֪һǰֵĴɲȡߣԴ޸ѧԺڵĸϹŴ
ٴηصǰ
Ҫʱ޸ѧԺ֮أԳϫͣҪ񹬵֮ſ԰쵽

¡
Ͽգϫڳʢ͵һ˫ɲǼ㷨š
ϣؽһأ꣬׷䣬ѧԺС
ǹ֮֮컯֮֮֮һ䣬һľεضȫϹľ
һɽոֽƲתݣʼɳ
Щ꣬ϫ֪նɱ˶ٶ֣˶ٴﱦңвһЩϡټϴֵȡߵĴɲģԶó޸ѧԺϡ
ˣ
ڳϫУ⣬һɺ󲨶ɢȥʱԺеӣԺеľݵԺе񾵣ؾԺеĵ顭
ЩѧԺĹڴ˿̽Զ仯籡Эϫһ޸ѧԺƣǬ
ѧԺ棬ԶɻԭɽʯԶһּӲޱȵʯɵԣƻá
ѧԺƣ˿̶ͬգµʼתӳֳ
ǱƻĽ̤Ϊҩήɽӡĵһжڴ˿̵õ޸
¡
سѧԺÿһУڷ츲صı仯ϼ磬滨ŭţһɽ壬ƣɽϣơ
һУȫ죬һ飬ǰȣлȻһµ󣬷ЧǱй֮޲
һ̵ĳϫһ㣬Ͷ֮䣬ǬɽӣǵֶΣѧԺÿһϰѧ
ֱҹ
ѧԺȻһ£ԡķˣϣɳеһ޵ߣҲĿȾ仯
԰벽֮ΪնɱȺƽңԺ֮λмܹһ
ʱ䣬ǬǷΪƸΪ꣬ԴԺ˭ҪַѧԺֻҲҪˡ
ǺԺһýӰ˰
˭뵽ޱĵӣѳɳΪɽƵľ뢰ɽܿܿ˭Сϫһ֣
ۣЩһֱڷֹǶɳǣɽ磬ڴйسϫնɱȺƵѧԺԺ֮λ飬ϫҲﵽʷǰĿǰ߶ȡ
ƸԱȣɽԱȣźƽٽ٣񾳲棬ȴܹͳϫᲢۡ
Ϊڰ벽У˭ϫǿ᣿
У˭ѹϫһͷ
ûȣ
£ϫٲȻѳΪɽһ޶ĴڣԳԵüΪںͶء
Ҳ磬̫Ͻ̾ȾָϮɽѧԺΪɽһѧԺֻҪ̫ϽжˣʱϫܷѧԺ赲̫Ͻ̵Ϯ
˭Ҳ޷ȷ
ΪɽأͬҲǶһƬÿ춼սͻݣÿ춼γһƬ
ϹߴңߴѧԺһඥҲƵƵìܺͳͻʱѪ˵鷢
һб˵̫Ͻûϵ˭Ҳˡ
д˵ϹϡٹԼǴѧԺݼѧԺѧԺԶȫݣ̫Ͻƿء
ԤЩҲס̫Ͻ̵Ϯʱôò˶ãɽֻ¶Ҫ̫Ͻ֮ˣ


ϫϥѧԺһнƺɽ֮㷵񹬣ʼչأѧԺ
Щм֮£®֪ԯƾһڽϰȥٰ졣
˿̵ĳϫĿ⾲ڰеɱ
һͭꪣһӨӨͭﵣһϹƵޣԼһӵĲۡ
ЩɱԳϫնɱЩУ֮⣬һЩɲĵҩûʲôͳͳֵС
ЩɱƷ͵Ķ̫׼ƷΣĵһۣһ鱦Ϊ첧ۡڻ֮ƾ֮
첧ۣһЩɱԿǹ׽һ䵱Ʒʵɲġ
ϫƬ̣첧Сɱ򶼱Ϊһ࣬һ
Ʒײֻ൱ΣޣҪóϫӳȫܣҲҪﵽ̫鼫ƷΡ
ҪƷףҪɲƣںܶǰϫһֱΪ׼Ҳֱ񣬷Žֲ׼㡣
ֻҪɹҵķ֮ʥΪԼ֮Էӳǿս
ϫɿţڴ֮ǰ֮ȰΪͻΨˣ̫Ͻ̵вʱſԲһС
ԼһӶڵ񹬣Ҳζţ̫Ͻ̶Կ޷е֮
£ΨΪܱ֤ӵ㹻ȥԿ̫Ͻ̡
ûгɣϫʼչء
žׯУһϥһɹɳʢԣһ˴ƣӳĵϢ
¡¡
һſǳͷԣǺӣƺƵڣвϺѭתܶʼبŲϢ
ڷѧԺ֮ǰϫѶһبŶеġ֮ˡࡰʱ̤֮
һֱǿ԰ţٳٲԸԭڣҪһԲеġԭʼԴ
һսɱȺϫ֪̣Ѵ˲ȫһ˿ȱס
ţԼαչأټϵ֮ļӳ֣ƿءԭʼԴ֮
ʱһ̤˫￪šĵزΪеߴڡ
Գϫҵ֪ȫŵʱԼ޾κڣѹ֣ͬ


1492 
ʱ䣬ϫһնɱλ飬ɽֵ÷зΪ˺ƽ֮ŵĻ⡣
һʱ䣬ϫѡ˱չء
ѧԺҲ֮ѡ˹رԺţʼڲ١
λƣǹȥ֮á
ʱ䣬֮ϣһŻأԴ䴦һֳ״̬ȴͷϵһ˵սľȷʲôʱ
̫Ͻһʱ䣬ɽһһȷѪ꣬ǧŰУݣ̫Ͻƿء
֮ϯĺƽ֮£ɽѲ̫ƽһֱңķΧС
һѰٲһ֮ء

һ죬塣
ѧԺһڽϰڴҵɫ£һ˿
Դϫƽ֮ѧԺʹأٶԲؾ¥ֵݵƣѧԺӵܽԶԽС
ΪѧԺϰҲǵְ𣬺ĵָѧУһЩӵܣóԴԷֺͽ
ôһУΪһƽУѧԺ˾ܵԼΪַ׼
Ҷơ衢ꡢһڸս벽ӵܣҲѧԺϰܵΪѧԺһ
ڣҶƾڴԼо飬ڵĶǳеһڳԱ
ԴӳϫԺһݵԣ㲻ٵγְ񣬶ǽ˰ҶƺЭ㴦
޵;ɱ֮֮ߵⲽ޷һ仰ն֮֮ţտգʿԲϡ
ųЩӵܣҶȻڣ֮⶯ⲻʿɲҡʮ
Ҷƽϰն
һŮüȻ
رġ
ҶƳĬƬ̣ŸпԺ˵һ仰Ȱ֣ǳ׶ѰѰҪɲô׵ġ
ԺĻ
һڳ˵۾һü䲻ƸһĨĽ֮ɫġ
ǶԣϫǵԺǵ
ǣܻƽ٣磬񾳴ڣ磬ָ
һڣЩɣʱ𸽽һ
ҶȴȻʧЦͲ׽ҵᣬͬҲклΪ֪Щұģƽ֮£ɱΣӶʧҡ
˷ŻȻ
һʱ֮䣬Զ˼
䣡
ڴʱȻһԶңң콵㣬˷ƣʱڳˡ
˺£
ףǵǱߴĶ
Ҷƺһڳ˳ԱԶһݣĿˢˢ˵񹬷ǵϽԶֳһĨ㵡
ֻϷĲϣϼڣ춼ȾɫеһɹɺĵܻɬصķģؼƮ뵳һ亱
̾зħ裬ʥоףǧ޾ɹⴹڤǬ
ǵȺ󣬿亱بδţ
һɲǣѧԺϰʦΣ¶𺳣֪˺¡
ѵԺˣ
˲ڣ͸һޱȵļ
֪õ˾ͬ㺱ǽʱټĺܡ
˵֪УҲֻгϫʱܴﵽزΪᣡ
֮һҫޱȺޱȵ󣬾һڣΪϫ̤׼
Ǻεһҫ
Ϊأ
Ϊ
Ϊ֮
˲²Ⲣδɲ֮䣬ϫǾεӰسڵ֮ϣعӦƥƿصڸ䣡
ܹųϫ֣󶼿ʼӿ룬ҲǽڽԽԽ嫡
ԶԶȥ¶޹⣬Զ³Ϊؼҫ۵һĨ⡣


Ρȣƿµ̬ϢٲȻͺûκҪΪǿʢ
һ̣ѧԺһڽϰѧԶ𺳵£ڶܵһױȵĳ̲סĤݡ
Ȼֻһ𺳵飬ɴҲ֪ϫһ̣Ǻεȵڲִͬ˺εǿҵ𺳳

ȻڴʱȻ֮ϣŻƲʲôһ㣬͵شӳѣ籡һִ֮
һڤʱգųϫϮ
һĻ̫죬ȫϣǽԶţԭޱȵһɤۣŵ˼¡
ô
ϫԺ٣
ѵΪԺ̫죬ǲŻܵвʶҪ
ߣ
µʱ򣬺Ȼеĳϫͷ忡ӿһĨ͵̽ץȥ
䣡
һֻڿգӯÿһָ϶һطģͷųɲƣӲһִĺɫײһ
쳹һ类ŭľҡڣҪֶֻ
ʲôƽ٣ȥ۸ƫƫ̤һַ浱ĳ˺۸
ĮȵĻУϫϵһγ֮һնȥ
ৣ
һĨ籡ܼ򵥵һɵһĨ֣ƬضһּµĿ־Уڰ
ԭҫʵĲ񷣬ҲһɲǣһҹƵĺڰΨһĨΪڰһĨ⡣
ѧԺеĽϰѧĿһĻʱнԲƸһִ־壬оԼһֻϣΪΪһĨǰԵ˲԰׺
ͷ·𡭡ֻҪԸ⣬һĨԽǺӣնɱ
Ƚֱ֮ѷӵС
һԺͼƬֵһزȱͼϣֻӡһȱһ븯࣬һȾѪ
ϫ便ʲôһĿһȱͼʱԼǡԲĽΪ֮ԱҲԵСޱȣ԰
̤磬к򣬷Ŵвһ˿УԼĽУڴ˿̻ӳһĨ
أ
ɲǼ䣬һִֽһ㣬һĨնϣ
ף˴ݣ˿ɲ
Ҫ֪֮£񾳴ڶ޷ѣ޷ձߣҲֻʦƺǵȴڣܻӴɱ죬ƾ
񣬳ϫŸ̤һն񾳴ڶ޷һ֪һǺε֮ɲ
ֱ÷˼ˣ


1493 ֮
һն飡
һϯĺƽٽ٣˶Ŀһ񾳴ڱߵĿɲ
УٲȻͬ޷սʤģ˭Ҳû뵽ϫ̤磬Ȼһն
ȫ𺳣ܡ
һѳ緶룬󣬼ֱ֮ͬʣѷκԴܹݣ

ϣϫһնһִ󣬱һ֣ǻ԰λõĴڿգ˲ϢͽЩһ򾡣ȫȡ
һĻѧԺһʦһ𺳣˭ȻԱ
ֶΣֱе֪
®֪ԯƾȻ׼һˡУϫڱһ֣ͽǲ񵽵Ƭһһˡ
ЩѧԺϵĽϰǰ벽ΪɵޱȣͲһˣ̤
νˣˡ
ȴΪѵãѰЩϰҲһֱڰ벽ˡ
ϫôҲ뾡ѧԺ۷
®֪ԣԶоһʱǸжǿܣû뵽ϫڴʱ˿̣ȡˡˣ
лԺ
®һлĵ¶Գϫء
ϫЦЦʾǾ㽫Ŀٴ֮ϣŻһִƣԵضˡ
ԭϫûȡһЩǣһ֮󣬲Żţ޶
ǣǿĵ֪ͣκβóĳˣôϫǷһĨĻȡ
Уȴһֻ̾ǲŻԸĩ֮񾳴ڣʱϾԼ
򣬶ϲɾ׷ŹԼˡ
ֱãŻţһлָ
ϲԺ֤
أһ󻶺ѧԺ쳹뻮һһΪϫأÿһϰѧϣ˾Ľ֮⣬һɵš
ǵģţ
Ŀ˳ϫһնľٶѧԺһʦԶĴһɨǡ
ֻҪϫڣҲ㲻ʲôһ
УϫĿһɨͽѧԺеһо۵ףҲӿһĨԵòЦЦ档

˴γϫΪ˳ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬׼㣬ʼղδʲô֮
֮ı仯
벽ʱϫֻǸΣδȫȹͬѭܶʼܲǳɢŴߵԳƵļ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢ߴÿһάϵתѭϢ
ĴӿһŴɬԭʼµĺڶвʱ籡һƵӿһı仯
ԭʼԴ
ǧٸУҲѰٳһһԭʼԴģһԲ
ҲֻЩڻе飬ӵ뼺ıԴΪˡ
ڣΪƿشĲͬҲǿԷŵȵġ
һǡͨƿʱ䡢ռ䡢߷򣬲δٵʥ֮·ںϡ
һǡ⡿Ȳβֹƿ߷ҽٵʥ֮·ȫ߷ڣӳҪԶʤͨ
һǡ۷塿ȲڶĻϣʼͻң̽ԲزҲԭʼԴ
һǡ۷嶥⡿ڣȴڿһԭڴ˵ԡĸѾﵽľͷƿԭʼԴʱҪȥ֮̽·ˣ
Ȼ֣ƿԭʼԴĳϫԳƵǡ۷嶥⡿ڡ
ǣֺȫͬΪŸո̤磬ƿأҲŸոմﵽ⡿ĲΡ
ǷȱģǽƿصĴȫԲز
ԣϸԣĳϫΪ֣ͨˮ׼
֣۷ˮ׼
ƿصԣѿ۷嶥ڡ
ۺһյսֻ֣³ϫѿԴﵽͬжŽĵزˣ̸ȫȫѹͬˣȴѼٻ˻Ķˡ
֮ϫ߱ܣȫ޷ԳҲڰ벽ʱͿ羳սɱˡ
ӳԲͬն
Ϳʼı仯ϫ뵽˳˼
ĲѰѸ޷óϫ⣬ƺ«ӡඵһɱǿǿսʱȴʺϳϫƿصĽΪ
֮ЩɱһЩսУ޷ΪϫսֶΡ
ѼܹƳȵĸɲģɳٳȴûȥƣԭڣϫоһ౦ֻܹΪУһЩսУܷӳ벻
֮ӵеıϣϫ½ǷΪ࣬һս񽣹һսƺ«ӡȵȡ
ҪӳԼȫܣȻҪҲҪﵽ̫׼Ʒˡ
Ըһϫͽ˼˼ϡ
ǷɽĲ֮أӵ޽ʣڻܲ񹂡
Ҳ˵ҪһҪັɲģһҪ׭̺ͼ񹂡
ɲϣϫ׼㡣
׼ϣϫҲ˼·ǾǴǳеġ޼񹂡ݳʺԼ񹂣Լ׭ڽ֮С
ڳϫٴαչؼʱҴĹϣظһĨǡ
ôˣ㣿
ģϫʱԼƻæʵ˭۸ˣ
ҡͷԥ˰ΣڰϫԯĴã롭
ϫжʱȻˡ
̧ͷųϫʲô
ϫЦ⻹򵥣ô϶ԯһЩ飬Ʋ⣬ֻ¸̫ϽѲϵˡ
˶٣Ǽᶨİɣ㣬ڣ˭۸ԯˡ
ʵ˵˻ʱѲ²˴ţƽ֮£񾳲棬ԯϼԯܺԯ⳾ԯرˣʦƺǰĩ֮
ʧȥλԯϵĴ֪жˡ
û뵽ԼûڣϫѲ²⵽߰˰ˣֱϤ͹յĸоȦһӺˣˮȻΡ


1494 ӿ
ģϫʱˣֽ̽䱧ڻУ󱳰οʲô飬ȲҪޣҡ
ǳϫһ㣬뻳ȴκеֻǸۡ
ϲЦӡУÿһγֶЦúܲȻƴûʲôܹģڣȴҪóϫʱףЩӣֻ³е˲ѹ
ԼԴ򷵻ѧԺ֮󣬾ûϤշ㣬һֱڸսУвЩǸȻоЩʵ˰㡣
㱻ϫţһԴҲһЩ£͸еһǰδеİ
ǿļϤζϲ̲סذԴ˳ϫϣ۾ģϵ
ðΣ૵һΪ㵱Ժ˾ͱأԭ㻹ϤǸϫ
ϫȴӿһĨ޷ζϧۣఢСԴЦٱ仯Ҳ˰ġ
ӨĴֻ˳ޣЦ˺ܾãһƿϫһ̧ͷųϫ۾лл
ͻأ֡
ȴóϫЩʼϲȻۣݺݿŰ㣬вԺ˵֣ҷԯ˲ɣ
һЦĻ٣ס
Ȼ󣬳ϫҲЦˡ

εȷΪԯϵ̫Ͻ̣ѽĿⶢϹߴҡߴѧԺϣԯҲ⡣
ǽʱ䣬ԯƵƵܵѪʱ䣬˲ٵĳϺӵܣԯϸ߲ᵽΣյϢ֪̫ϽѾħצ̽˹
εǣԯܺԯ⳾ԯرԶ뿪ֻʣһԯһ̫Ͻ̱ͻö롣
£ҲֻǰѰϫİ
֪һУϫɫҲǱñεǣĵѧԺͬҪⱻ̫Ͻ̳롣
գϫһð㷵ԯϣЩˣǿԣǾǨѧԺУһһӭж⡣
ԯϵļ룬ڵѧԺԣҲƽһνһ֮¡
õϫĴӦϵ˰ΣҴ뿪
̫Ͻ̡Űɣһ죬Ҫɱ̫Ͼһ򾡣ײϫĿͰ뿪е¶Ȼñޱȡ
ãͻȻʶһ⣬ɽ磬̫Ͻ̵ķϮԯ϶޷⣬ôأľأأأ
һ뵽⣬ϫ˼ȥչأҴȥҪһЩЩйصĽϰһЩ顣

һ죬ϫԺѧԺ̫ͬϽϮ
ϵУʱֻԯϡľϡϡ硢ȶڡ
ȻҲų룬ǰǱԺϫϿɣҷӵѧԺһ
Ϣһʱ䶯ɽ磬һȻ󲨡
ԴӺƽٱ֮ɽǧŰУÿһе̫Ͻ̵ֱ֣񣬴ɽݣ̫Ͻƿء
˵ڵɽ磬̫Ͻͳ˰ڽɽʣЩδ̫Ͻ̿ƵУҲǴѪȷ硣
ЩԸ̫Ͻ̵ܹһЩǿ֧źͰϫһϢЩϣڡ
ĶĶȴв岻ԭܼͬ򵥣ǵѧԺҲ޷ֵ̫Ͻ֣ԼͶȥпܷᱻ̫ϽжһĨˡ
£ҲΨľϡϡ塢硢ȶӦ˺͵ѧԺˣγһ˹ϵ
ܿ죬ЩϢ㷴ѧԺ뵽˳ϫС
ߣѧԺΪṩ֮أǷհǰ˺󣬺±̫ϽһϴˣĿ⣬Ц֮
®ߣǲ
Ƭһ˿ܽ£ϫ¡
ҲǣϾ̫Ͻ̴ѳɣŰʱǲѧԺҲ֮С
ϫЦ벻⣬˵գѯ飬ˣԯϡľЩѰ׵ˣ
®ͷѰڶɳС
üЩӣһõϢ˵ѧԺһϢѳ׼ŭ̫Ͻ̣Էÿڽʱ䣬ǿһٲѧԺ
ϫüëһȻܺãҵǰͲǿЩ
еȷЩջΪҪѧԺòһֱѧԺУ޷ȥ
̫Ͻ̾Ȼ˴ԲѣҪһѧԺѳ˳ϫߣŭˡ
ǴɳһϫʵȻΪ̫Ͻ̣ȴӶԷˡ
ϾԷΪϯ磬Ӳǰһƽ٣Ȼˡ
®֪˴δͷӦǽϡϡٹϵϹңԼġݼšѧԺų̫Ͻ̵洫򡣡
ϫкâӿЩĶȻǴһӳ䵱̫Ͻ߹ˣǾͱȥˣ
®ɫҲǷһĨǰӳϫŭնȺбнϡϡٹϵڡ
صĽѵǵûǳԣ䱾ҪЭ̫ϽһѧԺֱǱģ֪
Σʱ䣬ѧԺ׼ǰѧԺһⱻ̫Ͻ̸ˡ
ϫã
®Ҳ֪¹ϵѧԺã֮󣬱ҴҶȥ
ϫͬûٵ飬ص񹬣ʼ

ʱ䣬ɳеպȻù죬ٲǽֵѺܿˡ
һӣǳطƱˡճǡɢһѹֽŵķΧ
һУԶԴһϢ̫֮Ͻ̽һٲƽѧԺ
һʯǧˣ£˭ڶɳǶ
ֹǶɳǣޣԶܵӰ죬޵߶ѷ׷뿪ǰޣҪܿһңⱻˡ
һ죬
ռĶɳУ˵һһ󲨶ӳֳʮӰŮ٣һƺ嫣Ρߣޱȡ
⣬һڣ
Ϊ֮ˣһϮ£˫ָͷһ޹Ķң˿ݣڰԨ㣬ĳ֣ԭʵĲϣȻӿһĨҹ֮ɫڣ޾
ʦã˴жһʱЩȥɣǳϫԵôʦֵʮ˶Ҳ١
ĬĬԶĵѧԺ֮󣬷ſڣͳᣬһǵĴϢ
ʦԼǡ
һ浾ŮڣȻ̫Ͻ洫ͽ֮һĽЦ


1495 ѹ
ǳ硣
ؿռУ޼ɢ졢صĲ
˵أɽ֮Уһ޼񹂣Ѿﵽ˼¡
ϫнУУ׽УνСȵȵȵȡ
֮޼񹂲񹂣һִУ
ִмΪأų޼ܹ٣жߣƿصĴж٣ж
˿̣ϫɫ£ϥ޼ǰ˫ֲһɬµķš
ǰһ͹ӣڰƵĽӨӨ⣬ӳֳһͼ
Щ񹂷ֱľ񹂡׵۽񹂡ڵˮ񹂡ۻ񹂡ʵ񹂡񹂡񹂡ޱ񹂡׻񹂡
£Ŵ񹂣ֱ򽣹ڲ˿̱ϫӳֳһۻӰһ嫣ΰ㡣
ˡˡ
ͬʱһʢС̫Ĺڰתÿһţһ亱ɲģ񶼱ϫԸַΪϡ
лбǹ׽ȵǿ̫׼ƷɱҲ˴ϣԹŵķʽ֣ųͻ͹ԡ
ͣ
أϫ͵һףһɬڡ
¡
һɲǣյĽͷųģЩ緱ܺ嫵ǿգ飬ֱ޾
ǲϵѭϡһͼЩͼֲܻϺӦϳΪһȫµ񹂣
񹂡
ڰ񹂡
ǳ񹂡
񹂡
컯񹂡
񹂡

һɲǼ䣬֮ϣ˾Ÿȫͼ
Щ񹂣ֻͽΣֻ֮зƹ켣񹂵
ܿ죬ϫĶȫʼϽӡɲǼǧسӯ޾ķţ糱ˮ㣬ӿ뵽һŵ֮С
ռŹһŲͷͷ⣬ѤȺХų뵽һͼС
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬һ񹂺ȻתŹԹ꣬һƬؿռ䶼ӳյûԻͶѤá
Уйкڰõǻԣг΢֮⣬֮ɫ컯֮ϼѤʢ˼¡
ǵ׳һĻɶ칤亱
񹂣Ǽؼһڣһɹ񹂽ӡ֮ڣƵһ֣ƽܣ
̣һֱһ֮á
ڴ˹УϫһֱݲߣϣɫҲʱţʼأò԰ףͷϸǽһ㺹ա
һԽյȫ׭Ϊ񹂣ǰЩܹõĺɲģҲȫһգҪһٽ̫鼫Ʒ׶Ρ
֪һôƴḶ́ȻԵüΪˣ
Ϊڼгκ©ϫʱ޿̶иʱǡӤεĵΪҲгԲ
Ҫ֪ĳϫڣɵޱȣڼʱأЩԲȸλսۣɴ˱ԤɹʱǵиúεȾˡ

Щʱ䣬ռĶɳУȻӿֳһһ޵ߣΪ۵ĵϡٹϡϹԼšġĴѧԺ
֮⣬½һЩɽǰԶɽǧŰеľ뢴ƺƵƾˡ
̶̲ʱ䣬Ƕɳл۵벻ϰ֮
һжʱɽ䶯͹ע˶ţȻ̫Ͻ̵ֱʣҪԾһٴݿѧԺ
Ͼһ֧һжԺɨɽκһˣǽԶڶɳУ֪ǵкεȺˡ
ͬʱѧԺҲ𶯣ձýš
Һ֮ǰϫ®ﱸһУ˷ѧԺ˶붯ŵ
ˣѧԺڵһڽϰԼԯϡϡľϡ硢塢ɸܵһֳѹ
ϵǣЩ̫ϽƿָʹڵִﶷɳǺ󣬲û̷ѣפԵúƽƣ׼һС
ѧԺͬΪ®֪һѧԺ߲£Դ׵Ĳԡ
֮Ķɳǣһɷӿգսһ
һ죬®֪ľ졢ڤԯƾ硢һڸ߲Զڵǰ
ڵȳϫ
ƽȣţҪԺϫһϡ
ϧԴϴαչ֮󣬳ϫһֱδһִԶЩǣȴ̸Ǻηˡ
Էڣսһʤģߴˡ
֮һսƴľǱ˴ӵеǿĿ
񣬵ѧԺߣ֪ԯƾȻƬ󣬽Զ̤硣
֮⣬ľϵľ죬ϵڤŷϪȵҲԶڡ
ܼĿѴﵽʮңϫ£¶Է˶ڣҲԲηˡ
ǵǵģ̫Ͻ̣˴γԶǱ̫Ͻƿأ̫ϽС
һ̫ϽڵĸҲϽע֮
ҲΪ®֪ǻһǰݷóϫԭڡ
Ժʲô
õȲ֪̲סʵҲ׷ײĿ¶ɻ󣬾֪ϫŸսαչȻΪ˳Ϊ硣
Ҳ
®ҡͷǰ޹˼ѯϫһЩ飬ϫѧԺԺԲԽ˹ء
Ϸϼ̫ңٸ֮ϫǸϣϷһ
أһ׵Զߺ¡¡ɢѧԺ͸һѪɱζ
һʦнԶһݣҪս
ߣѧԺԺݺεȳߣɽ˭ʸֵһҿ㽪̫ϺͿˣ
أ֪ڿգңңѧԺ֮⣬ڡ
ѧԺ⣬ɳУ̫ĬȻٶԣϫѳɣԺϾԣ˿ӣҲ޿κΡ
֮ſڵɱҽϡϡٹϵһˣ˳𲻹죬ȻԸպҵȽһ̤ƽѧԺѪծѪ
ɱ޾ɭĲ
ˣ
ڴʱһޱȣԽƵĽ͵شӵ쳹ֱ𵴾ʮأŰ˷ƣ
ǵƣضڣɫ䣬͸һֱģǵĿֲƣ˵˼¡
һֹ̣ǵѧԺˣɳפһҲһܵһĪ£


1496 ̫ʹ
糱
һ˲䣬һжڳţ˻֮䣬Ϊ˴
ǲǴһɲǵĽĿֲƣѾŵǵĵģǴ
Ϊһ̫µǾݻûƵȻ޴棡
һɺεɽֳԺ֣֮
˶ں档
Ψ®֪ԯƾһһԵڣ
֮һнԶԺϫĪϵ
ǰĿˢˢ񹬴ţԶԤеϫҪƹضˣǽԶеܡ

ˡ
һĨƽ羵Ľһţڳţ߳ڽԵӣһַ豹棬価ζ
ϫ¼ĽУϸܹ꣬оϢˣƽƽУȴһޱȵơ
䵱УܿһвתѭңӦһɶصϵһڲȴ嫵Գһ磡
ꡭꡭ
ϫУδκܵաʱ䡢ȴһεķâ˺ѣ֮ڽ𣬲һ龰
Ҳ˵ֻǽƣ˺գʱ䣡
ƣѳ̫׼ƷɱҲֻд˵еĺ鱦֮
鱦Ҳɽ֮ȴûκһ˿Ϣ
Ҳ˵Ʒ൱̫׼ƷΣȴԺͺ鱦Ტۣ
仯ϫԼҲοѣҺķ̫׼ƷɱΪɲģۺһֿɲģӵҲ֮УɾͿˡ
Ϊϫϲǣӡ񹂣һãܹƿصķںϣԼӳΪǿ
ǳϫΪصĵط
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Ȼ֮һشڣһһͷųɫͬҲ
Ҫǣ֮ڶԸ̫ϽʱһֿǰãȫԳ䵱һɱ
ϸãϫŰѽ뿪ǳ磬ص񹬡
ţ
һ񹬣ϫʱͲ®֪ԯƾһȺ֮⡣
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ټϳϫɽһѧԺԺ죬ѧԺϣûҶԳϫˡ
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ϫ˻֣иֳһţһڴ£ŰĿ®ѯ
®һãЩڷһһһ֮ϫ
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®ҡͷȻʱδټԤǣ̫Ͻ̱Ȼˡ
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һԵ֪ȻڣҲ׷ס
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˶٣ĿȻñ䣬ȻˣһǾж磬Ϊ̫Ͻ̵߹ͬҵѧԺϿɱ
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ǵģϫЩڹΪʧһЩѪ͵ߣʱ̣;հǰ˺ԥ
Ͼ̫Ͻ̿繫УԹ˲֪ٳȷѪ꣬޺˶޹飡
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ϫԺһҲò˵һ䡣
ȻľϹŶľԥΣڳ
ϫüͷһǸһԵͬͬˣʲô޷
ʵѧԺУвںϡٹϡ磬ЩʦЩ岢ѪԵϵ˴˹ϵȴΪСľڡ
ϫȻĬޱ顣
®֪ȻѧԺϰȴǻһڣЩԭǸùϽ飬ȴľͱҲ޹⡣
нԶ̾ϢĵѧԺεǿ󣬰ɽƽ٣ԺһЩʦȴϧⲿᣬҪΪѧԺԱȣ̾Ϣѡ
նɱȺʱѾǻᣬδѧԺгϴǼȻִԲҲֲ˭ˡ
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ҲڴʱһѧԺ⣬ԱϫԳ̫Ͻ̣
̫Ͻ̣ǣ⣬һΪ̻ҿսû뵽ɳһʹ
ϫ΢Уһ˼⣬Ըȥһ߽ѧԺ
Ϸľ̫Ͻ洫ͽеģԺ
̫Ͻ̵ߣ񹬣ϥĳϫҲǰԳԾ˵еĳϫȻѳɣ̤С
Ҵ˴ǰǴ̫Ͻ̣Ժһ⣬Ը̫Ͻ̺Ժɽ統еѧԺһϯ֮أԺ˼
ľڣԣǳֱӣǵʮ㣬ƻ벻ĳϫһŭ֮£Ѫ岽


1497 ѹ
һ̫ϽʹѧԺĵϣҪϫӦ̫Ͻ̺оȷҪܴ
γһְ
ȻľţƾԼݣԼڶɳеһóϫɵ
ϧʧǣϫʼһԲɫĮ֮ϣޱ飬䲻֮£ȴӳĵһĪϣǡ
ûɵأϫ˶ӣľЩľĸоɫԾ΢΢
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ľٴγڣ룬ԺҲòɽһѧԺʹʷаɣ
ϫɲ˵ֻǿεƣõöԷһ㤣еսսĸо
ľЩ˼飬ϫŸսѣֳδ̫˰ɣֻǳĬѹЩϢĸо
ľļ£Լһ˿ĸоæڣϣȨѹʵ˴Ϊ˱⣬̫Ͻ̳ʮ洫ӣɴʦƿش֡
ڣϫٳĬǺȻһĨȣǳЦһõķϻ
Ժˡ
ľ˿ŭЦԵúǴݣβѹʵϸ˵Ժ̫ϽҲżΪԨԴ
˵գ¶һĪЦݡ
ϫһУͫ絶Ӱ㣬ûĨǣлֱ˵Ҳ⽫׼ͳѧԺ֮⡣
ԴУɱ
ľзëһﻹһô˿£ëȻ׹ߣϫڿЦ
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ԣԶһ𣬲ţǿɴδŹ飬޷ţ̫ͳϫйˡ
ںԣ
ȻȣȻ˵ѧԺԺ̫Ͻйϵֱ£
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ἰƽȴǲһĽᣬͻȴ޷Ĩ
һڴԣԶһףԭϫĸףȻӵһݣʵϡ
ΣԺվ̫ϽһϵˣʦҲǲǰ⡣
ľԼƽͣ͸һ˿ζ
ԣڳһڴɫԶ΢΢Щڡ
û´̫Ͻֻѿʼȫҳϫ̫Ͻ̰ɽӣҵݣ̫Ͻʦֶɣ
ϫ΢΢ţӿ¶һĨεɱ䣬ߵڰף̫ϽóֶΣ˵ǲǣ
ֱ֣羪װ㣬¡¡һɲǼ䣬ľ㱣һͷԵУ˶ˡ
û뵽ϫһǵļƻֱоԼ񱻰ǹһʲôܶ˺ֵرϫţһڣ޴롣
Ƭ̺ľ亹ʪҴң뿪˵ѧԺɫ㱣ޱȺ£ǳϫֱֲ̫Ⱥ޻ˣеԵĿ־Ǳ
˼ѲУΨпսˣ
úľһҧϣҪʦա

̫Ͻ̹Ȼϲ⣡ȻҪĨԺȫ˲¼Ժ
УȻ뷢ŭţڡ
գӦǣıϧҳϫһ·ɴӲ֪ЭΪ
ϫ֣ԵüΪƽǲҪô죬ҾȥɱЩ̫Ͻ̳䵱߹ĶܱƵЩ̫Ͻ̵ĹǾٺòˡ
һ𣬽Զ֪ϫҪսˣ
ȳϫжǶɳл۵һȴչж

ϦѪֵĺɫʮ֡
ϼڵѧԺһׯʥϢ
ΡĹŽʮɽӣϦŽɫƻã嫣׵÷oܾ֮ء
䣡
ܿ죬һ׾ͱƣ𶯣ɱѪ֮ԶһƾŲƶѹǡ
һһߣһ߼٣Ѳ߮ɽӣҪɨƽһ谭ޱȡ
һ޵߸棬Ƶһ羪ԨɢƣҰ˷ƣɫ䡣
ϡٹϡϹԼšĴѧԺǶ
֮Уʮλÿһ죬ͨȻһʱƣһƬţġ
ѧԺֵĻɽУǽϰһڵӶеļ£ⲻǵСԴԱܵѹƣԲӥС
˴˾̫ˣ٣ޱȣ޷ܣοʮλڣһӼҪ̱ء
ڣ۷壬߸ϣǿȥٲȻѳΪǿڡ
һŭɫ䣬س٣Īֲ֮УǵƣΣȴԾ
ƽɼضߣһ䲻ȴ˷в
գȴһӿʮǶֱָѧԺһĻֱ콫һ㣬˲־塣
սҪˣ
գѧԺɳǣעѪɺӣ
򿪽ƣĪҪν
أΪһλԽϵ꿪ڣ˫üŨأֹͭɫ磬ơ
ǽϼ̫ңһλڣڳϫеĽ͢ܡ
򵥵һ仰ȴһɿֲѹýһЩӻһҡΣܵĲѪɫʱ԰
󷨣һλϰȳ
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬ѧԺϿգԭµһڴ˿ȫͷųһɹɿֲƲѧԺػС
ߣ翹ѣ
̫ߣ̽һץһֲֻնݺĴȥ¡һԶѹƣݣҪ֧顣
ǳϫǿƣҲ赲ҵȥ·󷽣һЦΪȻ
٣ЩʦΪƿѧԺڽ̫ҵ˿ЩֿҲֻˡ


1498 սȺ
̸֮ʣ̫һư£죬£ǷѧԺĽȫļ
󣡡
Уϰٴδȡ
˵һٴγӯƲ˸ԼɢԨϢʢޱȣѧԺ类һշ⡣
ţѪȻԸɲΪ֮ԴŴ߶˵󷨣ֻǿϧ˷ˡ
󷽣һλ˼Ц
ȷǧѧԺȫ赲ǰһޱȵıݡ
һΣ̫Ҳٶ֣ڣѧԺţҵΪɱϫһᣬóϫϳҵ̤ƽ˵أȫĨɱ
ӣҰɢѧԺ
޷룬ǲԸڵѧԺкͳϫԾϾϴγϫһնɱȺ˵񹬵֮ҲòС
ѧԺԺǶ˵ͼģʵЦ
Уϰڣ±ɫ԰ףأҧڣη塣
ߣҵݣһԺǺλҲҪӭǳϫһδɵëСӣʲôʸףҪ󣡡
̫ұ俪ڣһĿǣȻǴڵһʦУһԸһӡ
ԣЩʦԶŭһ˵ȶţԺ棬ҵѧԺ𣿡
ԴϣȻ塣
ϰĶ񣿼ֱǲ֪
̫ɫһȳ⡣
гƣŽƣأܹЩʦ԰ףȴһȴ
˵˭֪
أϫٿȻ쳹ѧԺص羪һ㡣
Ժ
һʦԶһеѹҲɢ١
ϣ
ѧԺ⣬̫磬ȡ
һһϣѧԺһʦԶŭ⽪ϼ̫˳ƺԺֱ˼£
һȺ̫Ͻ̵ĹҲŶͣ浱ȱ֮ˣѧԺڴϫдһϣдһ˵ɱϢ
һ仰̫һԶ߹ǽԶɫһ

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һ֪ϹǸɱ
һȴһ򵥵ȴգһն飬ɢһա
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ߣ֪Ȼľ졢ԯƾϪһڣƺƵӳĵóϫ
ˣһʦȫȸԾѡ
۽̫ҵһڣԶһУԶ¶һĨЦϫ뿪񹬣Ȼ޷ٽڵ֮һԷв󽵵͡
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һʦԶнţ£ΪԺҪһȥڵˡ
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ͬʱҲӰһֱ˷ɱϫ·

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ҺãѧԺдأסȻһֻ¾ҪٵѧԺΪһзɽ󺣣ŲǬ֮
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ʱϫѴʱգÿһ缡ƽ绯һƬ֮ʮ־ˡ
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̫ٴγ֣ϵɵ񱩣ױٲԺɨ֮ɱ
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ǿϫŸ̤ʧȥ˵񹬵֮ӳ֣ɽ̫ҳ֣ѹ
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Ӧ˺ʱգ꣬ķ˼һƬض飬һƬҵĽ
̫ҺȻѲɱⱻΧһƬ룡
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˲䣬̫ɫˢرòҰףܵһΣϢӿȫ


1499 ս
һеȷ̫죬սɲǼ䣬ϫһ̫ΧΣվأڳϡ
ľǾš
Ը潪̫ҶЩԣǾ㤣ͬҲţϫǿᡣ
Ÿ̤ѣ޷񹬵ܴݿһһٽ̫ѹƣ
Ҫ֪̫Ϊϼ̤֪꣬ǡ۷塿δڣںʥ߷ѿʼ̽ԲԭʼԴ
ȴڣѹ䡢δ롢λɽĸʢǿߣ
ȴһĻ
˭ˣ

Σʱ̣̫ظֳһɫףɢڹ⣬ʢޱȣȫ֣ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣסꡣ
һ죬ɫ׶ʱƣҲȻ顣
ҵޱף
ֱ̫ȥ˫ش̼£ɫŭѡ
꣡
ϫˣӽٴɱûӳ֣ɨķ
һΣٹͽ̫һ֣ɱʩչͨ߷ţһ˷ϫɱ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭؿŭƣʱձָ֮һֿ֣ɲ󣬾ס
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ϾǿʮλϫŸ̤û֮ܿԷ
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ϣϫȻһˣֳֽŲתƣӲʮλлݺأǵδѹֳһƽɫ൱ľƣ
ڳȫ𺧣ĳĿѣѣʮλκβһˣ
̫˳ԾϫŸ̤Ϊᣬ֮Ȼһֱ˼顣
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ʶ㣬ɫԶɱܣΪϫҲ̫Ͻ̳롣

սУϫѹȴη壬෴ԽսԽ£һɹԭʼԴΪƽĪơ
ǽ¼ѿΣ䳹׽ʵӳԽսȼսԽԽʢսֶҲԽԽͿ͡
Ϲ
أϫ͵һХХн¡һһڹһͻͽǶϱ߱ɱȥ

һĨģЮ֮Ƭ񷣬ϬĿУһնִ磬ʢޱȡ
ȻǶϱУһУҪո͵һھѪȼձԴҪӲ
ʱưһһϣʢˣȴ³ǰһԱȣס˸п޳
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⽣âһһѸͣƾ任ܣջǱһУ
ۣ
һĨããޱߣɲ֮ɲǼ䣬ӲǶϱǰɱն飬ƲնΪ룡
Ѫҽػؼ䣬ڳˡ


1500 նɱ
ϱ߱նʬΪ룬ѪƮҽлǬ
һʹ˱Ȼһִ־壬䣬Ŀ
ڳ˿ͷƤ飬Ժȫ𾪣ѽʵˣⳬ
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һ֮䣬췭ظǬ׸ģһԴݿɽӣǿޱȣ߸ϡ
У񾳲棬ߵĴڣ磬ݺ޵Уɴʱȴﱻɱ
˸ڳϫɱǶϱߵĹУȣȫϫһ𿪣һУ
֮ˣ˭ܲˣ
˵ǰڵУϫֻһɱȺһ˫ıսôһ漣
˼飬޷ܣŸ̤û˵֮İսպҲĻ˸񣬰Ⱥ
ֻٲףϫ߱սѴﵽεȿֲĳ̶ȡ
Ϊǰ벽ʱͬûܻ֮ɱٹ࣬ӲľϹŶľ죬֪Ѷˣ
ڵĹ㳡ʱһӲƺλ֣սλһһɱ
ʱֻǰ벽Ϊѣ
ǽսѷ츲صɱ䣬̤ԲԭʼԴ֮
һּΪֲǧٸУҳһԭʼԴģ
ٸ¼֮ѿȺ鱦Ľ磬ͬ˭֣
һֹ̣ѧԺ𺳣ЩһҲ壬Ŀɿڴƽϫ̫ɲˣΪһУֱ޷
棡
һȺ˴Уǿ־壬ǼϹŶǳʧȥ˱ӻ
֮µĴڣȫ㤣鲻Խˣ̻̲˶ڣҲ޷Ǹе԰ȫ

ϣϱ߱ն̫ҵʮһλٴУÿһתȫΪͻһɽųʢ⣬˴˺Ӧؼ޾⣬ǹꡣ
˱ʣǳףϫսжǿᣬ֪õ
Σգ
ԭ޿֣Ϊϫս֮ʮλ֣ؿɽɱڡϫǲԳľսȴȴΣ
ৣ
һУδӰϫ˿նɱϱߺͣӰ˸ʱ֮䣬нһٴһ貹⻪¡һѹȶȥ
Ŀ̫꣬ң
һĨ̫ʢһͼƣ⣬ÿһͷء
ϲⱣ
̫ɫŭСסƿգԽâӲȥ
䣡
췭ظһƬѤܲڤΪɢĺƺƥꡣ
۵һ̫ҿѪɫޱȣ֤Ե£ǳϫĶ֡
ҵϽ̫һͬʱȫԸʮһɽƣҪϫɱ
ɲǼ䣬Ƭؾ⣬ǿʢߣֲѹ֮һѹϫ
ǹɱµڣ֮
ھеĳϫȴһͷԨǵûܣӭȥӿգɱ֮Ӳһ
¡¡¡¡
ضݡ١𣬿ֲײﻯΪ֮򣬹˿һС
ûʲô֮ټĶɳǣһ̳׻棬һн촷ۣΪ֮أ
Ŀģ
ȲεĽ̫ɲ۵ѧԺڵһʦЩжһ̽Զ¶޷ƽ
أ
أǹ긲ǵսУһ̶
һޱȵ˻쳹ϣһϷҪƴˣ
Ϲʯ٣ƾҲ䣿
ͬʱϫɱ쳹
δ£ڳҰУؿһϮĳϫӨӨӲӣף͵һ̤գһǰ
ৣ
һĨǿһƹ⣬ٿȻ£һͷ­ڿշѪ䣡
ͷ­ܸߣϴž֣Ųʣ˲š
ĿУ˳Ȼնɱ֮ƽݣ˶һơ
ͨ
ͷʬ׹أѪⱬ飬һλնɵ
֮ѪޣӲһƬܿ컯޵Ĺ⣬ؼɢĿġ
һĻٴȫ˴ܵ񣬼ҪϢ޷󣬲ֻƬʱ䣬һλϫ֣֮
Ƿζţһ֣Ҳǳϫ֮У

սڳδ˶顣
ΪսƱҡ
˸Ҵ⣬̫ҵҲٲκαͳϫӲ
ϫͬûκγɣȻһݺʮλļлУںڳ裬磬Ͷ֮䣬һƷͼȫʮһ𲻿սʤĸ㣬
ǵ֮ţڳ˽Զһ𺧣ҡΣ֡
ۣ
ûãϫץסһʱϣӲһһλԴ
Ѫ걬ҽж˾ͱɱ״֮ңڳÿˡ
أ
ڳϫɱʱһ˿һλһ׹״ɱӲ粿
ػϫӰһΣѪһ󷭹Ѫ
ڳϵǣϫ˷ôʱӰ͵һͷײ߻С
ԭ͵Ϯ֣ԿϲҪûɱϫ룬Էܣʱ˸ֲ
ꡭһ쳹ֻоһɽƣÿһ缡ھȫըٽסһҽС
˺һӲըѪ
һж̫죬ӳϫһһԴٵˣֱʱɱߣǰ󲻹ɲ֮䣬˶Ӧ
һȻյɱĻʱٴλڡ
ϫ縺ˣȾѪɫɱƸδһ㣬ǿʢޱȡ
ˣλһбϫɱ
ǰǰյ蹦
ϣ
̫ڵλŭɫ˼£Ŀѣŭڡ
ɲ֮䣬ϫնɱλͬ飬Ǹеŭ֮࣬ҲһֲƵľ㤺ͼɵ
ֲ̫
⧲޷ܡ
ֹǣڳ˶𺳵ʧأͫţ͵ϣϫ֮ƣٴθǴ߸Եǿҳ޷


1501 
һΣ̫ҵʮλ콪ϡٹϡϹңԼաšĴѧԺһڶҪɨѧԺ䳹ײ߽⡣
ֻǳν棬ֻǶԸȻһ˵ĳϫشλڡ
ȱʣֱ統ͷһǻ䣬ɫѿޱȣܵһԵľ㤺ء
ЩǰһǱһĻð׹ߣһϫ˼ֺͿֲһսδ
ˣѲ֮ǰĳ־类ͷˮ־һıɢ
۵ѧԺǱߣȴʿ񣬻羪ף쳹ЩʦľˣϽԶд𺳡ϲš
ϫ֮ǿͬϣǸеһǰδеĿܺͼѪڣֱ޲óȥͳϫսˡ

ϣ
Ѫ
ϣϫٴγ˲ɱ¾ֹ
ãҪһʤҪѪȫˣͶ̫Ͻ̣ؽõĳѪɱ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ڵİλ⣬γһƬʥĻְ˷һƬ貣һַҲһֽ
սɱؼС
䣡
һΣӣٴһλɱֿסϫѹҪӱܣȴϫһɱ
ѾɥڳϫеĵλڣɵѲ׸
˸еȻǣһԶʩչȫƴս£ǵûŤתƣɱϫȽдѹжԼͬһ뷨
УϫǷѿ޵Уѹͬڣ
㻹δִȶŽ񣬹ھȺһֻҲԶˡ
ߣˣ
أϣ̫ҳȣʧڣʧȥơ
۳ϫԽսԽ£粻ɺ£Ѹ޷ŤתƣΨгһ·ѡ
ɫ࣬伫ΪʣȴòϣǴ˴εжȷҪ޼ˡ
С´ǰʱؽѪծѪ
ϣٰⱣ̫Ͻ̵־Ҳ۵ȡŰɣ
ԹʵŭУһʩչŲ֮ҪŸԵһ׷׳ˡ
Ȼˣαߣ
ϫһߣ͵ӰһɲǼǧΣÿһ£б㸡ֳһ޵Ļɬͼ
䣡
ٿȻֹƬضȻãһ񹂴ڶȳ޾ģңӦ˴ڣһƬȫǡ
ǿգܲضɬ籡һϢӿ⣡
һУԶɲǼɣһƬһͬɵĴʱգЩܣͱС


һ󾪺쳹Щ𾪣ɫױãҶϳƬѱһƬɬصԽ֡
ǳϢĴ󣬿Թ֮ͨһԣֻзεϴڣʩչѾ߱ơ
ֻһԣһЩǷ켫ӵС񡱳ƺŵķʦԣƾһЩֶΣͬҲԲ
ӵС񡱳ƺŵĴڼΪϡ٣ԭڷǧͨģҲӺͻɬģܹڷȡáģǧʦУҲѰٳһ
񣬳ϫɲǼ䲼һǬ·ҲӲ֤ķ裬ӵС񡱳ƺţ
ϣ˵ǽ̫ҵһѧԺˣ֮ǰδϫڷӵȳ衣
ʵǵЩ߹ϫˣķΪȻ񡱵زнϣҲǶȻ޷ɲǼͲһ
Ͼֻδ֮߱ͬ񹂣ʩչԽؼ֮۳һ
¡¡
תԣ֯һƬܼͼܻɿɲû
ý̫ҵŭɲʱȴκβǣһȴǳ뵽˸Ϊսľأ޷֮ǰǰ֣Ҫģ
һ̣üͷһӲϮһѰٳ·øӽСġ
λĪţϷԷҲĵãܳȥ
أһλ۾ޱȵĸߴڣͨ̽ȣԨؼ䣬֣ݺ
ڴˣϫɫȻûһ̻ϢδչжԸĪ֮С
ʵ򲢷Ըжǲ´ѽ߰˰ˣƴȫת磬ָ
Ͼܽ£ΪδزҲЩԲ
ɵЩһԶʱϫоЩȫﳬֵ
䣡
УǸߴֹͣݣ͵ҪʼҪٳһͨ
£֮ʣɫϼţ̳һ·ƳһطģңңͨԶ
˽ͽ˶
Ц棬ǰ·ʾƣδ紫ǰɲ
ȻڴʱȻһܼķͼ֣ǰӳգڱ赲ܻһӰɱ
ţԣ
ɫ䣬Σս٣ǰףһ࣬һоܶ
ȴɱܵһЩϺһͷѪˮ䣬ɼǣһĿĵ˺ۡ
һֱݱ䣬ӵ޼֮ɽ֮˵޼֮
˾ɫ䣬ɲǼëȻܵһǰδеĻңԷΪ裬ϲĴУ̥ɽĴ֮
ˣǱô򵥣ƿ޼Уֱ׵һ㣡
һеһб䣬ǿǣһҲʼе
׹̶ѨѰٲ·
ɲ˵˵ѣһתɹͨѾ߱նʥ֮ܣ赲
ڣи߸ϣ󷨣Ҳѵɱ
ϣ´ɱΧҵȣ
һ̣̫ҵû·ȫԴǿɱػ
ɫѿ˼¡
һȺ蹷ҷͣͶ̫ϽΪŰһעǵĽ֣գǼȸǰðҵѧԺԵͳͳɱĳָȫ˽
ϫĮȻڣƽȴ¶һǧŵİ
һ̣ѧԺ˽ԶĳȣѪţ鲻ԽΪǵԺź


1502 նȺԸ
ϫ£̫ҵһɫ䣬ϾҪͳͳɱ
ЩһоЩʵ֮ǱÿҪĵԺ
ôĿϫΪ̫Ͻ̻һз
̫һЦѡ
ѾıƺϫΪϣɼһľҲĲƽԳϫ¶һĨɵ
̫Ͻ̣
˻һնʱһ͡
ǵģǽ̫ЩǸһǰһͶ̫ϽС
Ǵ˴ι񹬵жܵɽĿ£̫Ͻһзһжʧܣ
ᣡ
ֻҪеӶ֪̫Ͻ̵ֻѶڰУԹһС
⣬Ҳǽ̫Ҹ˵ĵڡ
̫ϽҲֻһǣȻͶһΪ٣˵ˡ
ϫڣɫȻԴǼԼļͲмƻȻ̫Ͻ̵в
̫ҵɫʱٴѿ֣ϫ̫Ͻǹ磬ǵݺ
ûУ
ǿһƿߣ۰һ绽꣬ߵﶼ;η˭Դǵϣ
ϫѧԺΪᣬȺ㵣𣡡һλ۵ĿȣһλѧԺϹŶ
ǺǣǰðҵѧԺ񻹸ԴвֱǿЦЦУϫؼӰһݣչ˹ɱ
˿̣Ѿĵָ߰˰ˣ֮ӦԸ
ЩԲԴУϫɱԶǿɱ׼ûƴɱһ·
ˣ
ԵѧԺĵۿ⣬ؼһɫǿƳҪƳ
鱦
ϫһϳһҲⰵȣЩϹŶ۹Ȼó
䣡
һ˷ϢڣһƬ磬ĥĽƣҪǿƥ
ϫһЦӭȥ֮Կ
ৣ
ƿգӰƵĽһͼǰ˴ڣóϫ͵ذθһ
չףһ֮ǿ꽻һ
¡¡߼䣬Ӳֶξһһ֮ۻѲ߮ɱĻ찵ء
һսǿ㴦ƣȫϫѹ񱦣ֻѱϫɱ
ͣ
ǿͬʶ㣬͵һھѪһʱһ޽ɫ֣ŭĿֳһӡɱ¡
ɲǼ䣬ʼҲǽɫΰƥдӡӡӵųܡ
ߣ
ϫߣüһڲۣ˵һסһֳֽһͷ㣬ȥֽɱ¡
䣡
һնһӡϣϣʱնŤ飬¡һǴӡӲ顣
͵һ渡ѷ죬һըķ
˶𺳣ϫ̫ǿˣԼ֮Ӳһҽһն䣬ʵھˡ
ۣ
ǿпѪĵˣͨ尵ޱȣܵش
ôܣ֮Ҹ걾Դ޷ֵһ
ŭ𣬲԰͸ž֣һŨŨ𺳺Ͳ⡣
ৣ
ϫûпڣӭǿһĨܼģʢѤû
ȻֹһѪӿȾ
һλǿ䣡
̫ҵ䱻򣬿ȴ֪һУһɲǣҲӿһĨ¶⣬ɥڶܵһɴδйķŭ;㤡
ûгɣ緢㣬תȫֶΣҪ
ಣ
ڴˣϫҲûӰһѳ
һ̵һ֣;޻أһΪ̫󣬲þͽ飬һ棬Ҳǵı̫Ͻ̽غж
أأأ
ĳһһλֳһҴɫأ̫Ͻô֣֪ˣ˵ʲôҲһˮ
أӰһͣ裬Ȼ̧ͷͿһĨ֣ʱճԼ
һɲǼ䣬ϵķⶼɫ䣬еϫ
ȾˣʵڱǸ·
ϫ
㡭Կ
ŭһ̣ȼգɹ⣬Լ֮ܣ趯ͳϫƴһ
䣡
ϫЦ߶֮ķʱգӶнɨȥ嫻ͻ͵Ľӿ
ۣ
ԵøǲƾƴҲѵ֮޷赲ϫǽɨ֮ʱضϣʬּңѪ
һɲǣĲҽɱһ㣬쳹þ÷ʧ
һӿһĨ⻹ôս˷ϣϫǿƥ˭֮棿
һ֣ƴˣ
ֻˣ
Уλһ֮󣬽ԶҪͳϫһľģΨˣ֮ض
ҲڴʱϫӰƾո֣ĮȻȱ˵Ȳ֪ܣĶʯ٣
˵ʱϫ񷣬ת֮ʮһɱ飬ֳֽɱ䣡
Ƭ̺
һУɱͬ˱նΪ룬׷ɣѪ
㡭ϫҵǺԺһν飬֪һ·ҷԽʹǰǣϴĸ棬Ըһս̫Ͻ̣ǡ
һλڣĹͷ
ϣõѧԺ˱ޱȣһλ߸ϵ߳ô꣬Ҳŵðģȷ˲š
ϫڷɢһˣɫֳֽǰȣʼոδҡһ֡
ۣ
Ѫӿ˶ֵͱϫһ飬ʹ˱ʬ
ô
Զ󾪽УǸһһһҲʧȥӣʱŵѪɫ̱ء
ĳϫ̫ͬħ㣬ֱʱһ˶նɱ˰λڣģ
ǰλʹһһ
֮ǰ˭󵽣
ʣ˿̵ĳϫΪ֮ȡ˾ƣ˷֮ʢŷɥ
һ̣ѧԺһ˽ԶˣŷݵĲǼ𾪣ǿܣһԺ
ǵԺ
գҪնȺԸ£


1503 䶸
ܼڡ
նλ֮󣬳ϫδκӰ졣
ĬɱֽУһ޵ķ磬Ʈÿһ䡣
ɳϫ£ÿκϸڱ仯Զ˺ֵسУжԵΪ׼Ѹݡ
һ̵֮ǰǰӦսһ任һɸ֣ʣλ䣬ȫƾȥһһɱЩ֡
ৣৣৣ
УʢһƬ糱ܼĻɬģлһƬҶĹϼ˿徿
ֻһŭɱϼ쳹ʮأëȻȻɫ䡣
ϼѪȾ񷣬
ԶѧԺΡ룬ַڴ֮£ׯʥŽɫʡ
սڳһƬ
˽ԶλȺ䣬ϫռݾƣʣµλŤת֡

Ƭ̺дһǰĲҺ͸Ųʡŭ֣𵴾ͷƤ顣
ھŸˣ
ѧԺУһʦһжϳһλɥϫ֣֮ǽԶܣѪš
ЩǰðѧԺļһǿɾκͬġ
Ͼ˴ڶ˶ڣ޳ϫ򣬵ƾѧԺһʦܵԷĹˡ
Ļɱ¾ģЩѧԺʦˣ
ľ졢Ϫڤ硢һĿһ֮𾪳ϫս֮࣬Ҳǰңܹ͵ѧԺһǵѡ
ǿ߲ڣۣ˵̫Ͻϯ磬Ⱦָƿ˴ɽ硣
ɱˣ̫Ͻ鲼磬ɿƶսҲֻѡ
£ϫչֳǾսҲǿһĨϣڳϫ£Ϯ̫Ͻ̣
һ뵽⣬ЩĴԶĶѣܳײ̫Ͻ̣ôЩ͵ѧԺսһĺƽ֮ȻԴлøԴ
ڴʱҺͬʱ쳹
նɱλ
ʣһˣ

ܼķУϼ磬ɬ
̫״ɫĿѣСס񽣳ɱ
أԷ䣺̫Ͻ̣Ȼȣ֪Щûһֵεģ
һ̵κȿԣپޣأľʹȥԵüΪ
ΪһλΪϹҽ֮λ磬Ȩ죬ȴΪ̫Ͻ̵ڻңԱȣǿҵд̼ý̫ҲҪ
ֻ˭Ҳ޷һλ䵽㾳ˡ
壬𱰣۸ߵͣ˭ָ˵ԼгһղΪһöӣ
Σ
ƽ֮£ǿ߶޷⣬ȥĩ֮˺γǱǺƽݣ޷
֮ܶ޷ĸ֣;ά裡
Թ·;ϣ޵Ϊж޵߱ƣΪӶ䣿
Ҳ
棬棬棬ǵ;ά裬ɱķ
¡
أҲӲƿؽƣҪٳһ·
ý̫ҾȻһ¶ϲȻˣڿʧҪ
Ȼ첻ңٲϴʱۿ̫Ͻ̺ͳϫܾ֮ʱҽ̫Ҿ֮գ
̫пЦж񱩣Ҫһƿһ·
ˣô
أһĮȻڶ쳹ý̫һһÿһ纹ëɫɲǼѿޱȡ
ϫ
Ȼ֣ĿȥȻͿһϮŨܺڷɢĳϫԶԼǷһĨ޵ļЦ
Ŀ⣬ּЦڿһ֮˰㣬̼ý̫ҶͷŤһš
ϫҳϣ֮ǰС㣬ܷһҶԹãŲҽ̫Ӵ񣬵̻ޱȣҪ̫Ͻ̶ԿȻõϡ
̫һŬĵľֺͲڵôϻһ㹻˰ɣ
ϫǵļ֮ɫԽԽŨ⻰ԼŰɣ޷ΪʱѣҿֱԸ㣬һʮϢ֮᳹ױǡ㻹ô
̫ɫ䣬ϫһ˼һҧȻ֪ˣΪλҪϻôࣿ
ϫԣȴĬ
κȻ̧ͷעֻݣ̫Ͻ̵ɱлںʱ֡
̫ɫѿףǳϫɱǸûУϫģ̫Ͻ̣
䣡
Ȼ̫к֮ɫһȼڱԴ֮ɲ֮䣬һͷȥ
һ̵Ʊ֮ǰҪ࣬ʹĳطҪ书һۣһ
ϣ
ϫԴзڽ̫Ҹһжʱһ˺ѳһɲķ϶̫Ӷȥ
ٶ֮죬Ѵﵽ˼ĵز
̬ƣڽ̫ƽһɲǣһĨἰʱ׷ϣһٽ
̫ҲһУ͵ٴŭһҧ⣬ſһŽӲӵıԴѪ¡һжٶٴһһĨ֮ǰӲƵ
ߣ
ҲڴʱϫǺȻһĨ͵Ļȣһǻλðƾոڽ̫ͷֶ£
ԭϫ׼һУ˽̫ȥ·ϣǡһõϷ롣

Σͷ̼ý̫ʧŭ˻ۼҪ˭òƴһ˿ϣʹ˸ȼܳܵˡ
һɲǣ͵ؼ񽣣ڱԴȫԸҪӴƴơ
ʱϫֳֽƾնһն
µľƣע̫׶༪٣޷أȻڴʱ䶸
䣡
һֻ޳Ĵ֣Ȼ⸲Ƕÿһָضڹ⣬ʱգɲǼ䣬ֱӳϫץ
һж̫죬ӽ̫ƴٵϫΧɱֱ˿Ҫֽɱ̫ңԶɲ֮䣬ֻ־ǵٶȻһ˿
ǣֳֵֻʱǡǳϫճδ֮ʣ׼굽˼£ٲȻһɱڹ͡
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ǰ޳ֶϫҲɫһᵽһɼΣյϢ̼ÿһ缡ڲ
ֵֻϢֲ̫ǳϫƽʱԲ֮һսڣԷץסһ˿Ȼɱʱ뵽Σվ֮У
ʮ𼱵ɲǣϫкɫһƴһѣȻڴʱһƬεҶӣƾո֣һԵĻȣƮȻֻǰ


1504 ڶ
̫ɫҪƴ
ϫֳֽһ೯̫ɱ
һֻ޳Ĵͻأ˺ץסʱҪɱϫ
һɲǼ䣬ֲͬĶһ벶ȸںϷ룬Ĳ˼飬־յ˼¡
һУƺԳϫɱĻɾʮ𼱵ʱ̣һƬεҶӣƾƮ䣬һĻߣһַ˼ٶȣһֻ޳Ĵ֮ǰ
ʱ䣬ƶһɲǱûʱ綨һж
ܹһҶӻԲϾҪδ䣬ܲ˿˿Ƶ磬ȻɣӨӨ⣬һ޷Ϣ
һ֣һֳϫΣϢٿȻʧ٣ԭٿȻ滺Ҳһ̱þ
ͬʱһֻƿնİ޳Ƴһ˿ͣƲΣհ㣬Ӳڰ;ͣ٣紥һ㣬͵سأ
ɻһһƬҶ糤۾ƮƮҡҡһƬƵģֻϡ
䣡
Ҷֻ޳ƽӴһɲǣһĨޱȵĹȻ𣬳ʢĿֳһƬضµķͼ¡һɱ¡
ɲǼ䣬ֻ׻Өļϱһѷ죬ɼǣӲӵѪȾ͸ա
˻
ϫһһжǰһ۾ϳղһƬҶϸֵģȻһɬµͼ
ѵɽʦǰˣ
԰ƽϯ磬񾳲棬ɽһʦʦ㶼ǰĩ֮ỹеӴڣ
ϫЩɻ
٤֥ҶҡȻûбץߣ
أһŭдɳƣء
ҡ
ʦ֣
ϫһСʦ˵ɽһڵУΨʦΪĳԭ򣬴ӶҡʦпܻУ
ȻʱһԽº͵δ񾳣ΪҪ뿪ѽ񾳣ȴʩչ֮ѹΥǷе֮⡣
˵ʱϫµȻ飬׷ɡ
ϫľǣ˿վ֮أǵѧԺ⣬һƬص磡
һƬڰһƬûǳյš
óϫһ˲ףԼڲ֪䣬Ѿ˵˵ġпܱŲƵһƬؾһı֮У
Ǻӵеġ̡ڱԳǬϢ֮䣬˴С
ϫͿԶĵطһͷңںеӰ˿ݡ
˻ƺڰԨĵطҹ֣ڣ޾ԶԶһƬװ㣬ļ¡
Сʦܣ˱̫Ͻ洫ͽһգǧǰѷʩչطѹƾ磬ųֳΪ
ϣٴһº͵ϫ̧ͷһſԱ߻һ꣬ЦԼ
߹ڹŷ̬ţòͨȴǳãǺЦʲôԻƣɾôţһԨsţ龲¿գڤڤȣƾ޷伹ѹһ㡣
ˣɽҡ
ʦ֡
ϫ֣һĨůؼʱ̣ɽʦǰԼҲΪˡ
˵ʱҲע⵽ҡԣ̫ұ˫ĿգҲ֪
ؿСʦ뿪ǰѸ֮һС
ҡЦúºͣ崺磬ƾ׽УӵһּΪص
ߣҡҲô֮ƫƫҪתޣ޴ҪٽϹֻκϣˡ
տڣӰɳƣƣӳĵһڰеħۻʣļ¡
Һ㲻ͬ㡭ֻһǣŵĹȴѹƾ磬Ըǰĩ֮ͱ־ҲûʲôЩ󲻾ˡ
ҡ쿪ڣ˫ָޱȣңңԶգԴƽԽºͣɻȴ絶ġ
ߣͷҲƽϣ⡾ڶʮλԴѪԭǴɱѧԺã񣬵ǿԳ䵱ʦֵܶ˵֮أҲˡ
ߣκζŭԵóǸΪ
˻һϫһףΪ֮ǰԼնɱȺʱ̫Ͻ̳ٳٲԭҪԼ֣֮նɱȺǵıԴѪ⡾ڶ򡿣
ĺȫݲ̫ϽʲôʱһУƾʲô϶ԼһɱЩ
СʦܲģǷܹնɱЩǵ³Ȼֻ·һ̫Ͻ̿ɴӲЩһﵱԼˡ
ϣҡºԽΪ
⡾ڶ򡿵Ĳãʵܼ򵥣ʮλͶ̫Ͻʱѱ½ƣڱԴѪᴥֽƣӶ۳⡾ڶ򡿰ˣ̫Ͻ̹õļ޶顣
֪һУϫвЩ̫ЩͶ̫Ͻʱֿнգ
¡¡
أտŵĺڰУٿȻӿ׵磬ܻһɷӰؼ両֡
ҡϫ·
ձ۰ڶ绯ħƿ£жơ
δ£ɷѺХϫɱڣֶ
գ˸㣬˴ɽǰ÷񷨣Ը⣬ҿԴһǰĩ֮򣡡
һУҡȻЦԣӿһƻɬֲϢɢ˷
һεķ磬ٿȻҡƶ𣬻һƬƬεҶӣƮ衣
ͣͣ
ЩҶУ޲һضɬͼɱ˼ɷ顢ɱ촷һա
һƬڰտĲ񷶼˺ѡҪ֧飡
һԵĳϫĿôĻнס̾ԭΪԼѾݺ޵УǺȣǺʦҡȣŷ֣ԼҪ
ǶƿأǶһ
˵زҲֻһ߶ѣɽֻһߣѷֳС
ʵҲԭ񾳴ڣʦָ֮תޣۼ⣬ҪԶԶʤԼ
֮ҡ̤·ϣϫͲżˡ
֮ôܣǰתޣ˶ʱٴβ֮
ĿһУЩʼϲΪؾŭѴһĨ޷š
飬οտûκʸҡԱȣԱȣҲֻ
ҡЦԽºʣκ֮ɫһѰʵ
̬ȣȴǴ̼ջӿ뵽ŭС


1505 ҡȥ
ͷһң˿ݣ޷˿仯
һ̣ϫȴԷϢȻӿǱʦҡĻ̼ŭ
óϫвпɽЩʦʦǣȻһһ
֮ΣˣֻҪעǴ˵أ
Уٴηƿذڶܻɷֶ˿ɲ
ңֻһ֮ѡ
ҡЦسǰһ򵥵һȴȻһ䣬һɺޱȵϢ
ܹԼһƣÿһУһλׯ£ϡ
һ֮䣬֤
һ񣡸ҡӣôѵĩ֮ھͽߣ
ĿһĻճŭƲţЩֲ
ϫҲһû뵽ҡڴʱ˿ѡƾ̤֮磬һ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱضܷһ㣡
ɾֲ̫ˣ
ϫоһԣһ֤ʦҡ̾ͻᱻ̶ĩ֮
һУҡȴȻȻһЦǳ貵ӿֳһ⣬һۡ
¡
赭дһȴ籡ǧƬεҶӣԣܻ񹂣ɱȥ
һɲǼ䣬һֲıɷֶͳͳ飬ز񷣬Ҳһ֧飬Ȼ
һ֮⡰ڶ򡱴ƣ
ͬʱҡ͵һ̤ǰұۣһҽǰĻȣƾֱֶȥ
ѣһȥĩ֮ɣ

վŭȻӿһɿֲȻɲǼ䣬ƾʧӲܿҡһ

ܵ˲䣬ȴǱҡץס˺ұۣŽһɽӲӵѪȾ͸ա
һУԶ֮һɲɣϫӦнסһ𶯡
ҡΣǬױ䣬ǰȻһٴγڵѧԺ֮ǰ

ѪϼȾա
ѧԺһƬ棬Ŀ꣬ټĶɳǣѱΪƽأ棬Ŀġ
Уȴһ˵ӰͬҲûյټ
ϧˣǱӹһ
ҡ̾Ʒصһһֻ˺µĶϱ촷ۣ
ϫȴ˲ùעЩǵʦ֣񾳣ֻ¡
˵ţ񷣬֮ϣŻһͷһ
ҡЦЦصģڵȴһ죬ٲǰʦֻ»ĩ֮дòͷ
ϫȻŸպʦּ棬ϾҪ룬Щᡣ
Ժ
Ժˣ
Ժû
ʱһ컶쳹ѧԺڣһʦϫӰ֣Զϲ
֮ǰϫ밵ڶʱǽԶ׷˺£֪ϫȥΪ⣬нԶǲѡ
ȻȻǽԴϲ
ˣϫ΢΢Щ죬̫ϽȻûгøղŵʱǿѧԺЩ
Ҫ֪ղžʦҡڰڶУ޷ʱ̫Ͻ̳ûѧԺԲˡ
ϫѯͼԵҡȻ΢΢һЦĿԶСʦܣ㿴˭ˡ
ԣϫ΢΢һĿ˳˹ȥ
һӰ׿Ȼü˳̬ǫ͵ˣһԶ߳
̬ȻһϿţлһߣ磬ͨĽߡ
ɵһ֣ȴһɺϢԸȻоһλҪ򣬻Ǭʥһ㡣
飡
ϫ죬ϳˣ˼йһ֮Ե顣
ʦ壬Сʦ塣
ǰ
ϫʱһԱߵҡЦʦĵӣǰ򲻿֪֮´ѧԺУʦִ֮УһֱɽС
ϫŻȻĵһʱ˭뵽Լʦֶ
ΪǣѽϢȻ纣ƱԼҲ١
ѧԺڣ˽Զһͷˮûϳҡݡ
λ˭ϢǿԶԶһκεֿͷоԼͬһ㡣
һλĴﾪɲ
ɽˣû´λӦɽҡԲľ֤컯ȻеķУΪɲ⡣
֪ˣһĨ𺳺;ηһˣϣҲӦɽ֮˲Ŷԡ
ԣҲסݺһȻ𣬳ϫԺһݣǾɽˣ
һʱ֮䣬ȫžϫ˵ĿԶ¶һĨηɽǿߵͳΪصһʥأ

ͨͨ
ϫҡԺһӣ϶ʱѪܵͷһŭĿԲ͸һĨʡ
ϫһУǣ
̫Ͻھšʮ洫ӣ֮ǰʦǰҪûѧԺұ㽫
ǫѷڵҲʦָ㣬ҵͣҲ㱻ǵ֮ɱιȥˡ
ϫף֮ǰΪ̫Ͻ̲ûѧԺˣԭʦҡѰһУȻΪжˡ
ϫæлһҡ鼰ʱһսעôĻˡ
ѧԺã̫Ͻλ洫ӣȻһնɱҲסһɽĴˣȻһһ찡
СʦĪҪٿҡЦЦ㼴Ŀ飬ôֻ׼
ԭʮһˣɾնɱ֮Ҳ֪ںιʣͻȻ룬ҲδܽǼʱסǸȻڡ
Ӧյ⡣
ҡⲢ㣬οƾһ֮Ҳû취ȫ£ٶȥΣС
˵⣬Ȼ̧ͷϣϷһĨ֮ɫҡͷСʦܣҲòˡ
ϫһ񷣬ȻͿǲŻһƲʲôʼӳѣô
ʦ֡
ϫһЩᡣ
ʱ䲻࣬ҽһж¼УǶԸ̫Ͻ̣ǰĩ֮򣬽Կõϡ
ҡĳϫ򣬾ЦЦ͵ӰһŲ֮ϡ
Сʦܣʦֶأ
ϣҡȻº͵ЦȻҰУӰȻһĨ⣬ٿȻǲŻС
¡¡
ǲŻܵжҡӰʧС


1506 Ԩ
ҡƿնȥЭϫѧԺ
һƴսۣĻ
սϡϡٹϹҺͳաšġĴѧԺʮλȫȫһѡ
֮⣬̫Ͻ洫ձնһۣӡӡŵӱնλӱɢ
һϢһɢʱɽһȻ󲨣䶯£Ժϫǿһɨƽ̫ϽϮÿһλ޵߶𺳲ѡ
Դһϯĺƽٽ٣̫Ͻ̳ûȾָ£ɽս޲ʤ޲ˡ
һս̫Ͻ̵һʧܵ˼ش
һʧʮڣǸɽУʧƿǰδС
һսڻƻʱ̣ҲˡѪɫƻ衱ʷŨīزʵһʡ
ϫҲһ۴ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ޵ȻʧɫѰ߱ơ

ڡ
ϫϥʦҡµ
ƽ֮£񾳲棬̫ϽУֵüɵ֮Ψˣ洫գڼ볤Ͽѣӿյˡ
еһݣóϫһݣ̫ϽΪ˳ƿ磬λ񾳴ڣʩչĳطѹƵΣʶܿĲ̽ûбĩ֮С
̫ϽΪеһȴΥ־ҲһҰĵĿŹˡ
ϫƬ̣ȥ
ѷȻ类طѹƣʦͣӲһˣ볹նɱǣȴвһԷƴʦ㲻ʶҪԸǣѰ
⣬ϫüͷؽвЩء
ʦ仰еĺ壬Էѹƾ磬Լ֮ԶԸһˣɱǣܡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ԷһƴȻطָΪʱԼȻˡ
ǻָΪղɱᱻĩ֮УֻҪԼ˵ѾΪ̫Ͻɨƽϰʱɽл˭ֵ̫ܵϽϮ
ʦּȻ˵ֻ뵽˶Ըǵķš
ϫһȥȻǰ㣬ҡ׼һЩֶΡ
ֶΣȴϫ΢΢һݲѣɽ̨Ԩ
Ҳֳϫݣҡ˵ɽ֮Уһ޵ؾ̨ɽ֮˵֮أУɳƿ޼֮
֮⣬λڹ̨һ࣬һĥΪ֮أΪԨĥʵŲ˼á
꣬ɽһڵУѩŵˣƺˣԶԨʵѾ߱Ӳ
ζʲô
ζɽʱͿԿ羳ս񾳴ڣ
ϫݵԭҪ֪⣬Уųϴڣʵ֮ǿֱ޷
Щ꣬ϫҲֹһĿù񾳴ڵսΪҪ֮ȥԿǺεȲ˼һ顣
˵Ǹ߸ϵףô֮ϵĵɱϰ㣬練ơ
ɰʦҡԣɽһڵʱͨԨĥ£߱Ӳ֪֮ϫ˺εǿ𺳡
ȻԼЩʦʦ˽ҲԭģֱһȺĴڰ
ϫ࣬пѡ
ҲԼڰ벽ʱͬ羳սɱγҲһ
ɽЩӻҪ֣Щֻ֮Ӳ޷նɱ
ͬǵ˿羳սһָնɱˣ
ϫԼҲͬʶһ㣬ʦҡ˵̨ԨศɣһУһĥʵֻҪһг͸Ӳ񾳴ڣⲢͿնɱˡ
ֻҪܹ㲻֮أ㹻ˡ
ϫƬ̣ʦҡģǵģֻҪӵܹԿ񾳴ڵں̫Ͻ洫աԼλڼ볤ϵĶսУڲ֮ء
ʱǵϢй¶ʱһעᱻ֮ϵĩ֮ӶǾߣ
ʦҡõӣΪƳڶһɹգȴò뿪ǰĩ֮
ͨһУϫȻʣһ˿Ҳһɨա
ȥȴ֣صѲͬǰĩ֮һЩʱá
ˣȴѧԺеһ񣬱ѧԺǰɽһ⡭
ϫһ

һգѧԺжǳ
ȻȴǷзڣ¾ƴ䣬һƬӣһжһѪɫƻ衱֮սӰ졣
˷֣һս̫֮Ͻκξٶݷ
˶˲صʧ̫Ͻ̱ȻģƣҪѰʱͷһٶ˵ѧԺ
ڴˣϫȴעЩһֱæµһ𣬺ķѴ½ѧԺиƲһ飬֮һ
£ƴȫҲ޷ѧԺ˿
һ죬ϫոսѧԺһؽƼϣ®֪ԯƾ˱á
˺£ϫʵ
ԺЩ죬ǰͶѧԺ̫࣬ɸѡ޷κκ̫Ͻϸ
®ڣ⣬Щ̫࣬ѧԺӵеĸغͶѰòôˡ
ϫҲһսԼȡʤɽЩԭУٶѷǣǰͶԼӪС
ǾѧԺ޶ɳǣǶڳСϫһ
⡭ƺЩװɣ®ԥ
ϫЦǺǺȴ̫ϽϴԸǰȡʤһѷͶǽͷܹǱѾʴȣڲ֪ôȥͶ̫Ͻȥɣ
®Ӧ
ˣúðʥɳеϡϡ壬ǵжá
Ȼϫһ£Ժиֳ޳ٻӰнסһ̾Щʵ̫æڲͺˡ
δı£һֱеһĽᣬЩʱ˶֪Ů洵ڵ磬ںƽٱ֮ʱͱرգʧУǰȥӻˡ
硢ġľ䡢ʸӰ㡢ӡᰡЩ䲻֪ϫÿÿ£ܲ
ϧϵ̫أ̫ϽδƽҲֲȥ˼Щˡ
ϫԸ®æҵȴΪпϡϡ嵹ǺˣڵжԺԺշԺɽ֮Уصһϯ֮أ˸ðˣ
ȻǰȰ̫Ͻ̲ˡ
Ҵǰɽһˣпܻչһʱ䣬뿪ѧԺеһбҰѿˡ
ص֮󣬳ϫ˵ԼļƻһҪע̫Ͻ̶һз紵ݶһʱ֪ͨҡ
СʦģһᴦһС
鹰ִӦ
ϫͷʵԼԲһ˿ѧԺֻҪȼĴȫصʲô
οѧԺлʮϴɱһ֮󣬸óϫ˴սƷлвٺ鱦Զһһϫʹ͸Щʹá
£̫Ͻ㳲Ȼ޷ѧԺʲôشˡ


1507 ɽӰ
һ
񹬡
ˡ
һǻԵ뺸֣Сʦµġ뺡Եִɽ
ɲǼ䣬һǻ۶ɵŻǰ
ϫһɫƽһУɲǼʧ

һƬУǳŹ̶켣ѭبų棬ɢϢ
һبǶ֮ɽԡںǹУض
ɽ
Ϊصߵͳڵء
һȥɽȺɽ罣ֱٲӲ֮к£ǽԶǴޱȵǳ֮к㣬ʢĿ
ˡ
һŻٿȻ֣ϫǾεӰ߳һ۾ͿһĻ
⻹Ϊɽ״֮󣬵һ̤ڵأǰһ׳ҲǸпѡ
ǳߣſ綷ɢĵĹ硣
ԡǻԣϫ̤ɽ֮ȥһճɴ磬һɽӴǰХ
һ·ϣɼ򰣬ɲҡҷֳ̫ĵϢ
ܿ죬ϫ㣬һƵĴɽӳҰУɽֱͨ죬ߣѻĵ伮񲯡ס򡭡Ŀֱ̺ɽ
ˣϫԺظֳʦӰںƽ֮ʩչǾһնλ̫Ͻ񽫣ն֣ն̫
ּҲһ伮ô
ϫǵãʦһΪּޱȵӡ
һţһɽ֮ϣһ·һⰻȻĵ伮ħдƤ飬н׭̵񲯣ֳģлɬĹͼơ
ԳϫҲۻң̾Щ伮κһ磬ֻ¶ᱻ޵ԴȴضѷɽУϫһɱĸо
Ȼ伮ϡϡԣûá
һ·ǰУֱɽϫһʯ빣ϣڷһ
δһɱ֮Ľ⣬ǷƺƵׯȻҪնһ㣬Ϊˡ
ּ
ϫһ۾ͿǷϣȻдĸӲԾ׭֣ÿһʻһâӡһɿֲĽⲨ
Ѱڴˣֻ»δͱһĨնɱ촷ˣ
ϫɣ벽ڴˣֻ¶޷ӽһ伮ˣΪϳĽ̫ˣѳ񡱾룬ӵһ֮ۻʰƣ
֮ϣΪʣ
ˡʡͳԦ֮⣬˽Ψһ֮⣬˾Ѵﵽһ־ףĵز
ԹҲֻͨţлԭֻһѣ
޷ѣ
Ի翪ܹӵСʡƺŵĴڣָͷĹǷëǡ
ЩʡزĴڣһǷϵĴڣ
ζʲô
ζŷϣûгֹһʡزǿˣ
ɴ˱֪ҪִȾ磬кεѣǷУҲֻһС˲ܲƿء
ʵֹǽȵһҪʡľ磬Զޱȡ
ϫҲһλʡǲڣеġ̫Žߡȥ֪ˡ
˿̣⡰ּͷŵĽʱϫʱжϳʦֻˡʡܣ
ҲȻ޷ڵʱʩչһնɱ̫Ͻλ񽫣֣̫󶼱һƿ
Բ꣬ٳ޷ͻƣԴּѰٳһ˿ˡ
ϫ̧־ͽһ𣬴պúòһ
һУϫ̧ۿ˿ܣһӣͷųϼɽ֡

һ伮ϫһԸߣܿһѻ伮ɽʱùͺͺ
ʦǰϫ伮ɽУóϫƱܣһƽ֮С
ڴˣϫԲˣ˵Լܣܱضѷǿ
һУϫͣɽȥ
һ·ϣϫʦƺܾеġɽһ˸ޡޡޱǵɽ塣
ʦҡڵġҶɽ˼壬ɽϳ˸ӡĻҶ
δıʦֲͼڵġ塱
ʦڵġƹ塱
ʦְȾڵġз塱
ȵȵȵȣÿһɽ壬ÿһλʦʦһֲͬĴ켣;ͬ飬ǴнԶ̤㵽˷ϡ
ͺñȳϫԽ£̤ͬǷ
УϫҲʲôʹʲô̶̰Ѷĵ伮ޱǡӡƵĻҶӯŸɵ
ЩԶʦʦ£Ƕǰĩ֮п޷أϫԲῴǵѪ˶ѷɽУǺɳҲûʲô

գϫһѰѰСɽϣɽֻйһݣǰһʯ
ʯ߲ƣӡµĺۼ֮⣬κγ֮
ϫȴһ۾ϳʯą̇̄Ҳǵɽ֮˲ʱ֮̾ء
ʯȷͨΪڴǾͱòͨ
ʦ˵̨֮࣬Ԩɴ˵־ϫĿʯƿɨط
ȴ֣ɽܣûʲô۵ĵطҲʲôƲ
Ԩòڰɣ
κ󣬳ϫĿʯ󷽵һݣԼĪɸߣľ֧ŶݶƳ˴ɨҰݣڷҡҷݡ
գû
ϫ룬ǰһš
ɾڴʱһӰٿȻϸ֣óϫһ͵ˣ費ѡ
һӰ˫ָһͷѩ׷ɢڼ磬¶һ׾ŵݣһؼ䣬ǳл𡢷ڣӳֳһĻĺ
ͶԷĿ⽻ӵһɲǣϫо궼һ¶ƻܶŵһɶ
ܿ죬Ӱ۾ͻָƽκβһž侲ף˲ƽ֮⡣
óϫ𾪣û뵽ֻһĿ⣬Լ㣬ȫ޷ֲֶΪܰ쵽
Сʦܣˡ
أ׾ŵϸֳһĨЦݣЦݣһɲǼ䣬ضƺͣһжԵ˾Ȼ
ϫȻæ񣺡ʦǣ
ѩ
Ӱڣƽ
ϫУȴһףһҡҷʦѩ


1508 
ʦѩ
ڳϫ֪УҲβɳĮʱżȻСʦе֪֣Եúİ
ϫ̼ǵãʱ̫Ͻɱ񽫵вʱСʦ˵һ仰Ҵʦڣ߸һҲ
ɱ񽫣ǿλ̤񾳣̫Ͻս²֪µĿֲڣȴ˵һ仰ɴ˱֪ʦѩΪǺεȿֲˡ
ֲãΪղҲ᲻ܿƱ壬ԭǴʦѩ
ϫһȷʵ
µһ־ӡ֮޷Сʦཻܹˡ
ѩһӰڡ
ϫһݣ֪ʦֿʲôԸ
ʲôԸ
ѩЦЦͷѩƮָŲǰһʯ˹̨ΨǱľޣƿغͼԦ޼񹂣ҲɽĺĴС
˶٣֮ڣԨڳϢʦϷŷĥ£ȱ轫޼ա
ԣϫЩ֣ԼǳУɾ޼вյԣѲٹȥ˰ɣ
ƿ˳ϫ˼ѩǳе޼ʦֻܴнܺͲȴƿԼ޼񹂣еĲ𣬵СʦʱԻס
ˣϫų׹ԭˡ
СʦܣԨڵĥ³գͼƬԷ׻ȡ벻ĴԵ
ѩ̬ƽ쿪ڣƽ٣һǰδеѣҲһſǰĴԵɽԣսѲ磬Ϲ֮У
˵⣬ɫׯ࣬ǿգӳϫСʦܣͣɨƽ̫ϽеһУҪǰĩ֮ЩԵһԺ޻ˡ
ϫһԭ㣬Ƚ֮еǰĩ֮ѰٻϹ򣬿ʦѩһ˵ʼӴˡ
ѵǰϹʱƣ
Сʦܣޱߣ֮⣬ԶиΪƴ׳Һһʦʦһڴط꣬أ
ƽУѩһӰĭ㣬ٿȻ
һӣǰֻʣ˳ϫһˡ
˼ãͨʲôٳɣһʯϣϥ¡
һɲǼ䣬ڳϫУͷɢŹǿնʱøǰһˡ
ԭֹǳһ̿ʼХѭһĹ켣ۣγһƬ֮ͼ
һſŵǳʼ·һֳ޾ı仯¸ӣƺ˴ǧܻ֮
ˣȺĺ󣬿һ۾ͻᱻ꣬ٲ֮ء
ϫͬӵС񡱲εķ裬һ۾ϳͷеͼһִ
ǡ޼Ϣ
ɽ֮ˣƾͼճ޼İأɽߵͳ֮
ɽ߰رһתķʽ˳ϫҰС
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һ̣ϫξ׳У׷ѰĹ켣Уӯİ
л㱣Ȼʱ֮š


ˡ
һĲڳϫ쳹Ի֮еĵһһɲǼ䣬׷ڣԶת
һſѨϾ񡭡ȵǳԭֻӿ˿̣ЩǳȴһֻεĴֲٿأʼŸֹ켣ѭ
һֱһʱ䡣
ֱ󣬳ϫеǳΪһƬضȻͼͷһģһ
Ҳ˵˿еı仯ѾȫһңӦȻ򣬳ӯص޼Ϣ
һ̣еǳҲһƮһǻԣʣϫ֡
ڳϫУһſǳƾúأȾһ˿˿ǻԣãѭĹ켣ҲԲɡ
һУϫԶȻ
ȥ
ʱĳϫֱɫ£һӲӵǻԣʢҫۣ̾ؼһǳo㡣
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ৣ
ϫ۾Ŀ⿪֮䣬ӿطĹ켣ϻǳĸһ㡣
ֱãĿе󷽲ó峺
Ȼ޼񹂣
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Ҳ˵Щϥڡ̨ǳݱĹ켣޼̺ĸְڣ
ͬʱϫҲע⵽ԼУѨϡȵһܻǳҲܻΪһ޼ͼ
ܹ֪ƿصĴԶΪһ޼񹂵һ֣ܻתԼһУޱȡ
ԭɽĴУǰңֻǽ޼֮ǽƿأʼԼˡ
ϫкȻһ򣬾һͨͨ㣬˴еĺİأٻ׿ԼյСһɽСĸо
¡
ϫתΪȻ޼񹂸֣һɹɺޱȵȺХ
һɲǼ䣬óϫ֪ԼΪǸһսҲһɱ䣬б͡Բļ
ˣֻһ߾Ϳ̤֮֮ˣ
ϫһŵϵǿʯҲٴηһ̾
̶̲ʮʱ䣬Լ޼񹂴УʵҲٴ⡰̨Ȼԡ
񣬲ٳɣĿ˲ԶĲݡ
գǰ㣬ѰѰͨͨ
ɳϫѾ֮ڱǡԨʦҡ˵ԼԨĥ¶ʱԲ̫Ͻκˡ
κУ̫Ͻ洫գԼλڼ볤ϿѺӿյˣ
ҵҲԨоգǷʦѩǰˡ
ϫһĨ棬һĨᶨŶ롣
ˡ
ϫһݣȿһУͱһЮת˲Ųƶȥʧȥ˸֪


1509 ǳ
䡭
ϫ۾ʱһʱͿһ˶ޱȵǳԼɱ
ǳ̫󣬳ʢҫۣĦһҫƥĻ棬ʱն촷ۣƿɲ֮
˻
ϫܵһޱȵѹ֣ܣ˾صһݺײһǡ
ָоͺһʮɽѹһֻСޱȵϣϾһǳʵ̫󣬳ϫǰ׺һƵġ
ɲǼ䣬ϫͷž죬Ѫǰֱðǣ˶Ƕǳһʯ
һ̡
һϫӰʯܳȾѪӰǱ֮ΪѴﵽеĶ۷ˮ׼ͱһֱĨɱˡ

һǳϾ
ϫһͱϳǳÿһطһɹɻɬϢŰޱȡ
Ϊһ̸ܵһɿҪϢĸоֱһ񾳴Ҳûʲôͬˣ
ѵԨ
䡭
ӦҰУٴһǳԶХʢһգЮ
֮ʱձңɲɢϢ֮񱩣ֱҪ㡣
ʱϫڵһǳϣһڶǳХǳȻײһĻԳ
һɲǣϫɫص˼£ûκγɣʩչŲ֮һԶԶܿ
ৣ
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Ȼǳͬһʱ䣬ٴγԼλúХ

ϫɫʱһ֮ȫԸܣһĨ磬ʱ˸ݡ
ʱҲע⵽ԼפĵطһƬƵһſǳ飬ࡣ
ÿһǳ貳ʢϢһ㣬鲼ÿͷƤ顣
ңЩǳǲϫӰһƬƵУһſǳȫתХ綼ҡ
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Ԩ
϶ǴʦѩԵԨֹգֱҪ
ϫз࣬ûԼ۷嶥ˮ׼һȴڴʱ㾽ȵմֱܵСëƵģһȺ׷ɱǱˡ
ʱѧԺʦһĻս޲ʤѹȺԺ˱ȵأֻ»ᾪ°Ͷϰɣ
ϫҲŹһǳȴֻܺԷ޷䳹׻ٵ
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أ
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գǱѰٳһ˿·˳ȥ

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Уȥв֧ţֻҲֲ˶ˡ
ϫһһ߷ӴܣһŬԼ侲ȫƽ֮
ʦҡ˵ɽÿһӣֻҪִƿ޼񹂵Ĵ֮󣬾ͻǰԨĥʵ
ÿһԨ߳ĵӣܹӵп羳սӲ񾳵ս
ʱϫԴ˱һ˿ɵ̬ȣ̬ĥֶΣڳ˴˻
ԭܼ򵥣һſǳɶһ㣬ܹǵĥ֪߳սѴﵽ˺εǿĳ̶ȡ
ǣδĥ߳
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ǡǡ˵һſǳ޷ٵֶֻܱΣ޼񹂴У
ϫԽ룬۾ԽԼоԼƺ׽һȷ;
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ģܻ޼֮
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ˡ
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ۣ
ǳ̫ǿᣬ±ϫ̲ܲס³һѪʧȥԴĿơ
򣡡
ϫ忡Ϻ֮ɫһ͵ҧޱͷԼȫȫǳϡ
¡¡¡¡ǻԣһͼѹһǳϡ
ȻƬ̺ǳ㳹ֹͣʼڴвɲǼСǧٱ
գǳȭͷСһųʢԹš
Ȼĳɹˡ
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䣡
ڴʱ͵һ⧲֮£һźХǳݺУһű׷ɵʯӣݺ֮⡣
۵һϫٴοѪѣնʹŤ
۾ȴһɲǱޱȣԶǳ
Ϊ֮ǰһǳ˿̾ԼȡΪ޼еһǣ
Ǵԣ뵳һϢԼԭʼԴںһ
һɲǣûκζƾȫϣΪһ˿
ԭˣǳ֮ԻΪã
ϫȻʡ


1510 ֮

Ԩİ֮󣬳ϫٴγ֣ٴһӭХǳ̶ȥ
¡һǳɱľ𶯣ȴϫѪһ󷭹ޱȡ
͵һ񷽲ǰ編ƣѾţ֮ٴһǳ
УٴһԹǳǶˡ޼񹂡ͼС
У£ܵһʮߴδ˷ϮǳɹܿһٶʮΣײʮһΡ
ÿһײǱ飬ѪǱ֮ǳ֮£ЩƼ˲ȫϡ
ң˵ڶǳ֮ʵҲٴξһ˿ȻȼСɶ̤۷徳ԣѾһ˲õ



ڽʱ䣬ϫϼ編ƣһһǳһһΪеһǣǶ޼ͼУӨӨͷԹ
ʱƣϫжԽԽ죬ַԽԽ׼Ҳ˵ĴҲ𽥼٣ʵһ˿һ˿仺ÿʱÿ̶ھš
óϫܣ۾
УХǳ֮ǰǰˣһȺһȺȴո
ԭԨһ޼񹂣ЩϢǳǹ޼񹂵Ļڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫкȻһʶԨĲ֣Լе޼ͼһģһ
ֻΪһĲͬڣԨеһſǳϣϢҲںХܣԵ£ޱȡ
ϸȥͻ֣ᷢɳ۵Ĺ켣ٲȻ޼зƹ켣ı仯ûκ
֪ϫȻԺѣʶԼǵͬʱͬʱҲĥºԼ޼񹂴У
ɽ֮˲ô˵صĿġ


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ɽһڵӣԶ˼ľ磬֮Ϊ񾳡
Ȼĳϫѿʼ̤˾

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ǳϫܵԭڡ
ʱ䣬ϫûٵʱ䣬ٴοʼͶ뵽ҵġǡжС
š
֪䣬ϫһ̤ɽѾȥһࡣ
ৣ
һ죬̨ǰյĲȻһӰƮȻһĨǻԣһԹ
һӰǳϫ˫ָͷ񷣬峺УӳճǺӣ𲻶
ʱ̷һŵ֮飬ֻ̱̤ˡʱǰĩ֮ʱ򣬵Ҳز֮
֮ҡҡͷתƮȻȥ
Уƾٴ˾ŰپʮſǳԼ߱ľ糹Բһ˿ȱ
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ʱ˶һԹˡ
ɽ£ϫһɽţһӣ뺡ûһŻһſС
ˡ
ղǻ磬һ̣ɽѿһˡ


1511 Ů
񹬡
˵һӰתϫӰƾոֶ
Сʦ塣
ϫǣڴ˵ȺԼʱ
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ΪѧԺԺһ̣ÿ춼֪жٴҪ棬󣬻Ϊ˺һԵ
տʼ֮һһı棬ʱˣЩȤԳ¹ؽҪѲȥӴ͡
ȻҲһ㣬ʱȴΪһСʱϫʶֻʲôˡ
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Ⲣռһƿ֮һֱܣ߸ϣ̤طһ۱￪֮ء
ڣȻѪһԱܵԤףóϫҲ޷ݳ֤·ͬСɡ

ѧԺԺ
һ뵵Ķǰ
ϦգɢٺɫϼһŮһڶǰ˫ֻϥǣԶ
һͷƺɫһ˿Ժ¶һӨ׵ĹһϵīüŨڣϸ罣͸һ鶯ˬ֮
ֻһһƯüëسһţĴǽ򣬹ճһĨǿĻȣӨ׵Ĺϣᶨڵ֮ɫ
һŮ㱧ϥϦ£ԶԶһһ֦˸о֮ǿͬʱҲ̲סȥϧ
ʦ壬㿴Ǿǡ
ԶָŮıӰڡ
Ůƻһ͵תͷһƵģңң飬ŲƿһԵĳϫϡ
ϫһɲǣŮƾֹ¶ܡϲáʹޡȵգȻ
סһС
ŮתһɲǣϫͫҲǲƵһи񱻾޴Уݺ𶯣߳ݵϣһ̾Ҳ¶һĨȻ⣬ţջȻ
ʱ䣬һɲǾֹ
Ůͳϫ˴˶ӣ໥Ȼ
ĿһĻ죬±ϣҲ֪˵ʲôá
˵ǰһμŮʱ޷ܾҪ󣬸ĽѧԺ
£ͲʶŮɶԷòʵںСʦ̫ˣ

ǵģŮݣͳϫ߷ƣ
һīڣֱüë̶ͦıֱͳϫǴһģ̳һ
˭Ůֻµһʱͻḡֳϫģ£ֻ˭ҷϣŮͳϫ֮ûйϵˣ
˭
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ʱ䣬һֱ˼⣬һֱòͼŮеõ𰸣ϧƾѯʣԷҲһֲ
ǡ
ϫȻڣɫѴһĨԵĸ֮ɫƼƲȷһڣŷԼɳƶԼ޷ơ
ŮҲγѣһվź촽ǿƵ̧ףֱųϫһԲ
ƺҪȷϣǰ˾ǷЩһֱԺ˼㽵һӰ
ϼ𣬽Ů޳ӰͿһʥĹԣһͷƺɫڷҡҷʮĿ
֪ΪʲôŮǽŵĺ촽Ǿǿᶨģϫһ󷢶£ٵԼʱΪܹȥΪչ˺үү͵ܵܣԼγҲ˳Ĭľګִֶᶨ
ȻŮ¶ģųϫ˵ץˣ˼ȥֻʣܹҺԡұˡ
˵˫Ȼ߬Ϊֱ̫һþһŬԼ
ɵ˵꣬΢ɾزƿҪʧء
ģһͷᶨµǣñѩһǸԼҪ侲˲Լάϵϡ
ϧЩ飬עǻᳬǺ侲ģڣϳϫһ̣޷ٱļǿ
һϫԴ˵һ׻̲סǡᰣ
һעһ޷رܵ֡
Ϊһ£ᰡ֮֮£ĳܵĹϵ
ôȥҲֻ֪°һӳ°ȴûҲԼһŮˡ
ָоʵ̫ˣ
⣬ǿϲΣܣٰζͷ˶Щֲ
ȻȷŮŮǱ˴˼ȻѪԵϵ޷ƭϫĿ⣡
֣Ů첻ԣĬˡ
ˣϫ޷Ҫǰ̫໰Ҫˡ
Ůȴ裬
ϫʱһзǵգΣЩ꣬ҶԲĸŮһһ٣͸һĨ˸С
ֻ㶼˰ɡ
ŮȻЦ¶һ˿һʹޡ
һ仰絶Ӱ㣬Ӳ뵽ϫУɫһӲ԰һ̣ȻԼ͸׳Իʱĳ
ʱԼҲʹԼףΪʲôҪ
ǰŮԼŮϫҲᵽ׳ʱ顣
κʹ࣬ʵ޷Դݡ
ԲûȥһС
ȻŮͷ˵ǻһѪԵϵķϣһæȾףұ֤ⱲӶٳǰ
ϫɫһӱޱȣжÿҪϢԼŮԼĵһ棬ȻԺ󲻻Լǰ
һŨŨĻں޺ɽӿϳϫͷͷ뵽˳ĬС
ֱã̧ͷŮߣȥ


1512 ɱ֮
ȻϫľŮ΢΢һ죬ϫĿҲ֮ǰǰǿ
ҪһˣѧԺͽˡ
ϫתһ顣
ʦ御ܷġ
æӦ˿Ҳ֪ŮСʦŮǸпΡ
ϾѾǳϫļ£һڳչЩס
߰ɡ
ϫһӣʩչռŲƣŮֱ뿪ѧԺ
СʦΪ̤֮ˣҲ֪˭ץŮףһ¿ɴСʦˡ
ԭأ˼ѡ
֮ǰϫʱͷִɽ֮󣬳ϫϢѱˣ̤㵽ˡ֮У
Ҳζţ֮У񾳴ڳ֣޷˺ϫ
ǻ֪ŻȻЩͬЩϫ۵ĵˣⲻѰ·
ǣ黹ϫܲã

ﱻ˭ץˣ
塣
壿
š
ʲôʱ򣿡
ǰ
֪ﱻץߵģ
ս
ৣ
һ磬˺գʩչŲ֮һֲ˼ٶȣսȫٷɳ۶ȥ
ϫǰսʱԺһѧѧԺϰǰμӿ顣
ҲһΣʾݶ
ٴǰϫǽȣľΪ̤֮ϣ԰ȺԲٽЩС
һ·ϣϫͼŮͨϧһЩйᰱץ飬߻һһش֮⣬ʱ䣬һֱ첻ԡ
óϫһ̾Ϣֻϣȳֽܹ֮ơսĸŮϵ
ͻȻץˣ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲ̸ֻֻ⣬ʵ˽ⲻ˽ⶼν֪ᰱץߵһ̣óϫ㹻ȥɱˡ
Դʦ뿪Һױ뿪ħ磬սһУԭΪһӱʹ˶ȹ˭룬ƽٱڽӱ˰ûٽռ཮ҺڵҲ޷⡭
ŮڣԴƽڲһʵ
ɱϾѾˣóϫлǺοģעϡ
Щһֱ̫Ͻ̶ԿҪĴڣ򵽣綯ʱ̣嶨ȻȾʱǰˡ
ʵΣ
ϫʵ
м൱ǿˣȻκβס
Ů˵⣬Ȼ̧ͷ˳ϫһۣ˵Щʲôջסٴεͷ
ٶȴϫһղǲڵҲЩǿߵĶ֣
һ뵽⣬оӿһԵϲãΪҪˣǾͽסһĨЦ⡣
ɱᣬֻǵˣûȥˡ
ŮƳһۣ˵һͷƺɫӨ׵ӳĵס
ϫģ°ͱƣҲȳ׵ġ
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Ҳ֪ǷܵϫȾŮĬò˵ϣ԰쵽
ϫЦЦÿɷ
֪ŮԼ֮ĸһʱڻ޷ıԼĿֻҪԼŬһԼ

յʱ
һӳҰС
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ǽӣ޾ͷһֱսɱ֮أ֪ٴξ춯صս֪˶پ
ϫԼǵãԼһεִʱԺԺ֪Ժ˵ӵİͷ٣ԶȱѪڴ˲ɱǣĹ
ʵΣϫȴԺ
ΪǰһӣѱռɽĽϣݣƿأ
ԳϫĿȥ⣬ؽաؾУӰ飬ȳ档
۰˷ȴѰٲһ޵ߣ
֮Ľ⣬ѳΪѿصĵ̡
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˭
ţȻ
죬ץסǣ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһգ˳ϫŮϽԶӿһĨε˷֮ɫ
Ůһû뵽һִͱʶټ

ڴˣϫҲûһӣһɢɲǼ䣬һ廹Ӧȫ
֮ǰӰ٣ûκһ˿ĺۼ
߰ɣȥףȻͷʰЩ
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ⲢţҪ֪һλ񡱾ڣѴﵽ˴˾пǰ߶ȣһһ磡

ڡ硱ץߵģ˽ǽӱԵһС
ৣ
Ůָʾ£ϫִܿ˵ء
ȷܲľǻԭĮɽ֮䣬һƬãΪӡ
ϫʵ޷Щ꣬ΪβԼƫƫҪŮסϢһƬˡ
ѵһ᲻
˵ѰҸˣ
ϫһҡҡͷԺ
һӴޱȵ־ٿȻɢ֮䣬ͽÿһƬ֡
Ȼ󣬸ָĻڳϫԺС
һӶӵ壬̾ڱÿһеŰɱսеУеء
Ϊߵģһλ൱ǿߣƵĺëɽһͭƵֹĵɫһͷ̫Ƶġ
ϫϳһλ⡰ͼǿߣҰײУϲ̵Ѫ⡣
ڣλͼǿ߱÷ĵ棬һѪܵʢ磬ЩȣȻһؽصĶ֫бۣвࡢǡѪһĶ
֪һĻϫɫʱӿһ˿ĸоʵ׾Ǳץߵģ
˵˵ָһһĻӳŮǰĻںȻͼǿѪĻ档
ʱΧĶУһ
Ůһ۾ϳͼǿߣһ¶һĨ̹ǵĺ⡣
ߡ
ϫһУɱâӿ
ȥ
Ůһ
ɱˡ
³֣ϫһӣŮƾһʧԭء
ͬʱһɿֲɱȻһ̣ض밧Уɫ䡣


1513 ǿѹ
硣
һӪС
ͼڴ̽Ѫܵʢ磬ʢŵĶ֫бۣԶǱɱ޵ߣΪ͵Ķڰ벽Ρ
ҲΪģͼΪͼһλߣδǰҲֲܲεʢ硣
ȻͬˣѾӣеĲٽҲζţֻҪԸ⣬ʱ̶ܵʵѪʢ硣
ϧС椱Ǽһˣܳһ⣬ԿΪٴξ
ͼҧһѪܶϱۣȻǰץסһλŮס̾˿
ʸж
ͼⶼǵãһƷζ֮ʲôʱˡ
ȻЩɺлδĶϱ˦ֶ˲ǵѪգ૵ң񾳲棬ɱĺʱһԼץסһλúһ١ţ
ʱüëһƲʲô͵վ
¡
ɽӴһӾͽӪʳƣĺëһɹɿ񱩵Ϣ
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ءء
أһ̺Ȼڰ䣬һɿֲޱȵɱ糱ˮ㣬˲ϢƬس֡
ͼΪһλǿߣһʱܵһѹϢǵûţ˷ܣӿѪĿܹ
Цеߣ볢һζû뵽Ȼˣ
ЦУӰ͵ذεض𣬴ʯұѶһѪܵꪣѪ⣬ضȾ죬졣

һžԶǼţͼͳڣе޻أ
ԶߣȻֳӰ̤գӰ
ǳϫŮ
ͳ죬Ա߻иС椣Ҫɱ֮Сҵã
һ࣬׺ǿ߹Ц
ԣҲŴЦɫаһӳϫŮΪв͵ģ
ۣ
ɾڴʱ֮ǰڵǿߺȻ۾һɣЦݽ̣һɲȻиһɺѪ˺Ȼض

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һ̣ͼҲסһС

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ֻҪڣ϶ܹ˺Լ
ָоеİָеһִδ̤ʵЩ޴룬֪Ƿýܡ
Сĸͷһİϸܵİĸо
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İˡ
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ĿһĻͼͫٴһꪵĴ͹

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ҲڴʱϫȻֹ
һɲǣһɿֲĲٿȻɢЩʣµһɲ类סʺһ˺Ȼ飬Ѫ޴棡
أ
һУϫҲû̧һһνӿһ˿ȴӲͼĹ
ңǰץǸŮˣ
ϫڣŨںڵĳһһƿǬƣޱȡ
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ǿƵѹ֮ͼٴɫ䣬ʶǰһѰˡ
ٺ٣ԭΪŮ˶ϧѾҴж˿飬һһ̳ˣ㿴
ͼһٴЦ˵ʱ͵һָԭһӪʣѾ̮ܹһʢŶ֫б۵ѷ

ϫرӿһԹ󣬻磬ʱն顣
ŭˡ
Ѿۣ
Ȼ㲻ʵ˵ҾԹ
ĮУϫӰʧԭء
ͼпһûϫ͵һɼΣյĸоʶӶꪣɨ˷
䣡
һֻƿնͲķжӲնɱԵ쳣򵥴ֱ
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һ֮£һͿأ
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䣡
ϫԣٴǰһȭɱȥ
򵥵һȭȴһϢĴķ˼֣Է·
Ӻƴˣ
ͼɫٴ䣬ʶһȭĿ£Ƶĺëӿһɹɿ񱩲ֳꪣͳϫƴ
أ
ϧ߹ԼҲ͹˳ϫܣһȭ֮£ֹˣͬеꪣһȭ飬Ʈ
۵һͼѪǻݣͷ֪ѶٸѪ䣬ģ֮
ΪʲôΪʲôܹӵе𣿡
ͼڸϵ֣ϫĿУѲƴһĨ㤺η塣
䣡
ϫԲٴαɱ
ˣţ˴ʮλߴͳձڣ
ͼһ£˺գҪת
䣡
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ԶԶһ˾һ˶Ѫģҵ˼¡
ɱңˣ
ͼŭ
ô׵ġ
ϫ̤ɫɳɴݣƲģȴŵͼð׹ߡ


1514 ħϿ
գ֮䣬һ𿰱ǿ߾ͱϫܣ
һĻŮҲǽס΢΢һֹʶԶǸԼѪԵϵˣԶԼĻҪǿ
ǡȻΪʲôЩ겻ǰѰҺأ
Ůӿ޷ƽ
ˣ
һյඵƸ֣Ʈһʥ档
ϫ̽һץһηĽɢֱӽͼӲа룬žһӡඵС

ඵһɱڻԵƥͼ긦һӡͱһգ֬Ƶ
˵ʲô˵һʹ죡
ͼ۵˻У궼ھŤ޷޷ܵʹ࣬
ʱ䡣ϫȻڡ
ŮˡûǱ֮ʥץˣͼɿдһĨԵȻ;
ʥʣϫʵ᰻δѣаһ
룬ħϿ
жٰ֣
ʥһ£аλԼʮ˴ιĴӪڡ
أ
֪һк󣬳ϫ飬ֱӽͼĨɱ
㡭ƭģ
Ůˣסɻ
ҡ
ϫЦЦ޹ͣ־£ԷǷ˵ѣķۡ
߰ɣȥӡ
ϫ˵ţʩչŲ֮Ů뿪

Ӻ죬绮ֶ
ǽ룬Ưһɫ½أ
Ƭ½ؾǷħϿ
ԹһֱӪӪ֮أֻҪƿֱܳ룬ɱһࡣ
ħϿݣƿء
ʱǷħϿ½ϣפʮ飬ȳƵģֲÿһƬ֮С
ÿһɱڣһ𣬴ͷŵɷһ㣬ڲзݣ֮
ڷħϿ룬һսݵĳǳء
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ΣϫӮȻѰɱȣҵȻ׼ɡ
ʥʻ֣ϣա͡巡ȥͳԦ飬ϲ󡣡

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գЩһ𣬻һĴ󣬽ħϿǣһɿֲϢ

ԶϫĿһĻӰδͣ٣ɫҲʼδ¶κƽ֮
㡭ҪӲƴ𣿡
ŮԶķħϿŴĿֲɱҲһսľ
λʥʣʮ
Ŀֲ˭ܲˣ
ϫļ򣺡Ҳ³çģίҾȳʱٳ
ϫڼͷŮһЩܣջûĬϽֹġ
ϫˣס΢΢һЦһӣͽŮؽЯɱС
ৣ
һУϫٳɣȫٳԶķħϿȥٶȸ죬˺ʱգɲǼ䣬ѵִħϿ֮ǰ
ô죿
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ͬʱǽϵʥкһɲǼĳϫߣĿҲңң˹ȥ
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Щ˼ʵƺѴﵽ۷ΣֲøҹʥЦϧһǰ󣬲ݾôѵһﻹΪ񾳴ڣԺɨһƬ

ʱ򣬷ħϿʮע⵽˳ϫ
𣿡
Ǿǳϫɣʢߣôֱӳֱǲ֪
ҿҲǡ
ϫֻһʱλĴ߷ˣֱѰ·
ϣ
һУϫţּϮȥ
ȥס
ħϿУʥ´ָսżչж
䣡䣡
ʱһƬһƬսżڿգư㣬飬ɱն飬ЩսżǹʦһƣĿȰ벽
ʥʲɱϫֻҪܲסԷƬ̣㹻ݰɱ󽫳ϫɱˡ


1515 ޼᲻
սżϫİ
ʱһʥ䡷ǹʦһߴУڶսżĵͳš
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ô
ļһôǿ
һж̫죬ʥʷӦʱǰ׷ʥʺ丽ѱɱһգ

һĻĳǽϵʥɫޱȣʥ𶯣ޱȣ֪ǴӪʮλʥʣһס񾳵Ĵ󣬿ɾȻκβöԷ
һڶԷǰֽһ㣬ƿ׷ʥʶնɱβ˾㤣
ңҲû˿յסһ
ʥĲ֮ǰϫնɱ׷ʥһ̫죬򵥵˸δ뵽ᱬǵȿɲƣۡ
ϫȻͳ춼еľ壿
ʥʲԸţôôǿûģֲ񾳴ڣһġ
췢ģԸұ֤ϫδ񣬿ԴҲ벻ףǿˡ
ֹʥҲļ£͸ϫĵϸҲˣóϫ

ৣৣৣ
նɱ׷ʥ֮󣬳ϫֽ֣ͣնɱϣݺХ֮䣬ħϿǡ
һ̣˵طĲҽһȺһȺѪ֮С
ޱȡ
ϫֻǹһˣȴһħ񣬽ָ޼᲻ݣոһ꣬֡
һĻѪΪϫȲʲɣսʷ²ĥһʣΪˡ
ס֣
أʥŭ޷򶨣һˣҪǽĴɱһգֲʧ޷ܵġ
ڴˣϫȴȻǰ˻ϣɱᣬ飬ٲȻһҪ˼ȫɱľģ
ˣ
ʥʼŭģ޷࣬͵𣬡λһɱⲣף


1516 ѹǬ
ʥʳױŭ
λʥʣ󷨣һɱⲣŭУ𣬼ս
˴ӣ֮Уν˳˳ˮ谭˭룬һϫܵش
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Ϊ˴ͳͳ˧ʥʾ޷Լ±¾
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ʥ룬λʥƿһ֣ѹ׵ֶȫʩչ

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ǸͷٻһɹɻɬֲϢΪ죬ӵеĴϢȫͬȴޱȡ
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1517 ǿ˫
ৣ
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ħϿʱȫ󸲸ǣӿһƹâһĨնʱΧһ飬ͬʱָֻˡ
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Ʋˣ󸲸ǷħϿǰﷶΧϹɷΪԴؽƣһ㣬Զأ
ϣ󣬼ֱ֪ҵȲһֱȥʱڣ
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ɲǼ䣬ϫһӼ˼£Щԥ֪룬ô겻ǷѾԼʧ


1518 ط
ħϿʬѻѪǷ档
ڣֻ¶ţһжһΪ
ϫһУȴĳδЩĸ𣬸κԺ
ֻһˡ
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УֻʵķںХʱֵĺٺɫϼȾأбϣͿĨһׯζ
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һ죬ϫһˣɱķնλʥʣеĶһա
ԽٸԽ֮ޣն⣡
ǰϫڴһ־ӡͷƣ쳹Ǻӣþòɢ
һۣ֪ԶܣϫٴƸߣﵽʷǰĸ߶ȣΪһԹܹԽĴ棡

ɳǡ
ˡ
ղӳֳϫᰡŵ˵Ӱ
ĶɳǣѾ£ԭķϣѴһֺ뽨۴α˷
ͨ˴ĿֵϣҲǻָ֯ˮԵΪ֡
ڳеģȫͶѧԺɽѧԺеطޣҲֻפڶɳС
ˣЩɺˣɽ磬𣬶ݣ̫ϽƿأЩȻԸⱻ̫ϽƣͶѧԺȻѡ
ϫԺ
Ȼǳϫǰ
ϫԺ
ϫӰһ֣ʱϳ˸һƬ궯һԶ¶羴֮ɫ׷ϫʺá
˴νӻ᰺ŮŵóϫãˣҲһһЦͷ¶κβ͡
ˣǽֵϵһ޵ܣ̲סеϫԺʲôʱ򷴹̫Ͻ̣׼׵õһˡ
ʱˣҵһʱ֪ͨǡϫЦ
˺ȻӦŵһ˷
һԵ᰺ͳŵˣϫĿⶼЩһˣ֮ǰҲŹгϫĲ飬ǱϾǴţۿϫȻӵȳеĸǴͬ


1519 ֮
ѧԺ
ϫᰡŵ֮һڽϰע⡣
Ժλǣ
һ·ϣֹһλϰʡ
ҵᰣλŮŵ
ϫӣ˭ʣЦԵΪԺˡ
ˣȴһȺĿĿ⣬һص°͡
᰺ͳŵ΢΢ЩڣʵЩĿ̫죬𺳣ȻȻһ㣬˶Щܲˡ
ڤ˵֪ϢʱԶпοԺ˲ѣϫϿһѪӵ˵ºŮЩȻɡ
˸ˣ˳
ԯһڴ֪ϢʱԶ׻üԯ֮ԯܻڵʱǿɶǰѳϫԼҹүǸһ¡
ΪһϵЩԯѧԺܵԳϫԺΪԼҹүΪ١
˭֪ϫȥһˣһλòǵĵ£һλŮ
һ£ʱһԯɵˡ
֮ϫմ᰺ͳŵص֮йǵϢ쫷㣬ϯѧԺ
ڲһʱУ˶֪˳ϫ˵ºŮ飬һʱ֮侹һСĺ䶯
ϾĳϫѷɱȣλӵѧԺԺ֮λǰЩӸŭնȺչ¶ƣٲȻΪɽҫ۵һλ֮ȼ硣
ԼĵºŮȻΪĿĽ㡣
ᰣ
Ů˭
ʲôʱͳϫԺΪµģ
ǳŵôˣôǰ֪׾ȻǳϫԺ
⣬ǳΪǿĻ⡣

񹬡
ϫ緢һһ֪һأ᰺ͳŵ˳忪ʼ׼ʳġ
һ˺úþһۡ
ϫЦڣһžʱʲôȻһͺòͣ졣
һ̣ϫȻԼݣʦƵģ²óұ£ʼ⿲ȡ
һĻɽ˿Ƿ費ɣõѧԺԺɽߴڣ˭³
᰺ͳŵһĻסԴһ£Щ˼顣
˱һůԳϫĵλƣܷΪ׼ȣģǸжˡ
ܿ죬һɫζȫĲȳ
ϫк᰺ͳŵ£ΪʢΪƣٲȻһɺϸ͸׵ģ
ϣǳϫ죬ŵһԣԳϫһЩҲǰġ
ϫѾˣַΧ
ֱƹѲ˹ζһٷĻ
ϫ˲ˮݸ᰺ͳŵŸпʱ򣬶ϣȥ£ϧɼʱ̫ˡ
죬ΪȻ
ŵȴһ
ʱ򣬰Ȼǰݷãϫ΢΢һ
㣬£
վ⣬ֻңңе᰺ͳŵһۣҡͷ˵ˣǰһۣûˣȥæɡ
˵գŤͷߣϫȥ
ѾͷЩϫüЩɻ
ߣȻŵֺһΪ
ôˣϫʵ
û£Ѿͷˡᰵ˰һۣųϫ˵ɫƽȴǲδ԰ĵֳκε
ϫȴǶʱʶڣɫ΢΢һͣҪʲô
ȴ΢΢һЦ촽ض˵ұ㹻ˡ
ʲô㹻ˣŮԺ͡ϵһŵĹĵЩż
ŵŵԺҪἰ⣬򣬿ɱչء˵赭дóŵһ㶣գݺݶ˶ţȥˡ
ϫˣвЦԼŮԼĳɼԽԽˡ
ӦѸŮ洵޵뿪ǳ°أᰲŮЩ飬Ůףȴ˵һ⡣
ϫھŶС
˶٣ջʵʵ˵ҲԼĵ£һŮСһܿܿܿɰ
˵ǲһĨЦ⡣
ԣв΢ɬһȻѵүүˡ
ߣԱ߶ĳŵüëһһҿǻ߰ɣʡô˼ҵˣ˳Ц
ϫЩͷۣЩԼŮû취
ŵŵ
ѴһĨŭŵóŵƲƲ죬ղҶԡ
ˣ˵ŵŵҲΪã㱻䣬ġϫ΢΢һЦ
˵ϸĸºˣڶԴŵϣϫ᰷ɫ˴ȸĸ

᰺ͳŵڵѧԺס
ճϫ˴һЩ񣬱һֱĸŮߣҲֻŻеƽһЩ
ʱƣŵԴ̬ȣҲһûͣȻɲԸ˵Ҳ˦ɫˡ
óϫΪοԼŮ
Ϊ˳ŵŬУǴᰵĵλʼָŵ֪ĵشڸԷ
һЩɱһĶõĸŵģֱ޲ðõĶһһøŮˡ
ָоͶԴ°һ°Ǹкǵ˸ףѲȥָֻš
ŵǸŮܸ׳磬νУŮҲ˵ҾףҲҪкͬҾ࣬ҲҪõĹŮڶԴʱջɱġ
ϫԴŮŵ̬ʹˡ

ŵŵҪס޵޵ıǵģһж֦ĩڣɳҲ޷ܵı֮
֮Уġ
һ죬ϫɫ꣬ڽԼԴ֪
ŵһԣЩ˫ֳ°ͣԶ񷣬Ƹûнϫһȥ
ڴˣϫҲ⣬Щ֮еȷܿԳŵľҲܹ⵽ֻҪסˣԺס
ž
һԵȴǿˣһƴŮԴϣüǳٷ£͸ȥչأ
ʵЩջԳϫݺ޵磬ֻ̳޵ԴҪ
ɳŵãĻȻһ㲻⣬ֱ޵ǰڳϫ棬ⲻѾͷһ١
ᰣ
ϫһۣŵŵֻǸӣҪ̫ˡ
ᰶʱЦȴ˵һ˵ۣϫԼŮ磬Ϊ׵ģֺγã
˭Ҫǳףŵŵۡ
ϫʱɫһͣúúãŵŵѵĶԣұ֤´ˡ
᰼ˣݸ⻹һｵһһˣһš
һһദķΧʵΪǢϧһע̫á
һ죬鼱Ҵǰһϫ벻Ϣ


1520 ϱɳ
񹬡
˵Щ̫Ͻ̷ֲɽԶˣϫЩ⡣
Щԭ̫Ͻ̿Ƶ񶼱̫Ͻͷ
ɴ̽ԭ򣿡ϫ
ƽ֮ϣ̫ϽϯĴʱռ˴ɽ硣
ɾ£̫Ͻ͸ɽȻ׷׳룬δЩ̫ˡ
ɽ綼ʢ̫Ͻڲ˱ʣϾˣ˽⣬̫Ͻڵʮ죬ЩƺȷЩʣȴȷǷڲķйء
ϫ룬ģƺҲһ׮ϲˡ
ЦˣͶǵĸĦȭƣ׷Ҫôʱ̫Ͻչ
ϫüô
ҾãڴˣȥһԡƬ̣˵
ϫҡͷ̫Ͻ̹ƶˣȨı֮ھ£ƺȻת䣬˭ָȷⲻ̫Ͻ̵ܹ֮
һʦΪ
Ȼȴ̽˵
˵⣬ϫȻĿ飬飬̫ϽǷڹʲЩ飬Ѿ˸˶ϵʱˡ
һݣʦʲô㣿
ҵʱ䲻ˡϫһ̾ңң⣬գ֮ϡ
һŻͨĩ֮ڡ
Щ죬ѾƵһĨףٲץʱǰĩ֮򣬿ⱲӶ޷ִϹ
ΪҲѴﵽͻ񾳵ıԵʱ²֮Ҳò˶ãܽһټ
ʱԼ㲻ߣҲᱻǿԾߡ
ԣץʱ䣬Լǰĩ֮ǰеȫ׵̫ϽȻóڳˡ
ϫһ仰ζвһ𣬵ʦ壬Ȼˣһǰʮһ⣿
ϫҡͷãֻǴ̽Ϣѣһ㹻ˣοѧԺҪ뿪㣬Ҷġ
˵ʵѧԺУʵǽĴڣһʦֶˣ֡
⵹˵ϫ®֪¼ɣǵľʵԶЩѷɫʱڻƿѧԺʱˣ׳ӡ
ϫô˵һ㺬壬Ǿгһ뿪ǰĩ֮ѧԺԺλãҲ飡
ʦ壬⡭ЩװɣȻ׳ϫζסһҪ֪ϸɲǵѧԺˡ
ѧԺǼخʦ죬خʦʦ棬Ժ֮λи㲢κβס
ϫһ䣬˾ϣƴǡ

ҪǰʮһˣģҺܿͻġϺ󣬳ϫҵᰣ˵һС
ǿ̫ϽڵأޱȣһˡᰵǵؿųϫʵԸһȥðա
ϫץסᰵƣЩ飬վҪ˶һµģο㻹ҵʵô
ͷųϫЩ
ʲôϫȻѾϣǾ͸޷ٸģΨһģǾȴ
ţҪѴ¸ŵŵ
ϫЦЦȻͷһڣڶԷԴߵУȻתȥ
һһΡ
ҧҧ촽ӯӯӨ׵Σϼȼգ޲ɷɲǼ¶ضȻʧɫ
أ
κ󣬳ŵ޾ɵŹǷֻһʱ΢΢һ
ÿʱ򣬳ϫͻϤָУ裬Ҫ͵ᱻᰶݺݱأϰߡ
˭
δӸղһĻлع

ŵɻؿһۡ
ˡ
͵ѹɨŮһۣԸˣЩ첻˱ˡ
˵ţתȥ
ˣ
ŵһЦȴԼЦһ˵ʧ䣬ôˣ˵Ҫһֱô
ȵȣȥΪʲôҪʧԼƭӣԺ󶼲ˣ
ŵЩŭһ·С׷᰷ɿ˵
ŵŵֹ㸸ףǵѧԺԺҪǣЩǷĸŮ
ָֹ̧ŮͷҲѾˣ𣿡
ŵͷòŵֻǡעһЩȡֵСӡ
ְ̽ŮڻУ૵⣬ֻҪף㸸ײܵģҲҪȥ֧֡
˵⣬ѴһĨ˸Уһ·ӷֻҫܵĿ͹¶ǣֺ˭ȥĹģ

ৣ
ղϫӰ˸
һ
ޣϱɳǡ
ϫӰƾո֡
̫Ͻɽڵʮ죬Գһ磬Ϊ̫ϾޱȣԹ񣬼֪̽ˡ
ϫҲܡ
ȴȥʡ
ٳǰѾ֪ϱɳеġϹϡ壬ںƽϯ֮㱻̫Ͻ͸ƿء
̫Ͻ׷׳ɽϹҲ⣬յ鱨Ϲе̫Ͻͽδ׳롣

ϱɳǣϹϵĴӪ
˿̣УһڳϴۣĿˢˢϵһλݻҷߡ
ϹΨһһλ˰֮õϹŶϹңһλؼڡ
˴ټǰһҪϹҿڣɳƵͳһϡ
һݣϴ
ҽҪ뿪һˣпܾܺòٻԺ֮£λȥемǣɽ˷룬򲻿κιٶҪй¶ϹϺ̫Ͻ̵Ĺϵ
Ϲɫ࣬һζ
ģ
治صǣҵԲЦ
˷׷Ӧ
ϣϹҹһ뿪壬ʩչŲ֮Ȼ뿪ϱɳǡ
Ϲң
ŲƵϱɳ⣬͸оһɬ޷ŲƣӰʱбȳ
Ҳһ̣һ쳹ɫһ䣬˭
ȥʮ죬һϹ϶һᡣ
һٴڤڤϹҸ޷λãһľ飬ɲǼͷֱ˵ʵҪԼ֮ϣ
ѣֻˣϷɲ̫Ͻͽ֪ʮλãϹһڡ
ޣ֮ڣӦһۿϹϸ𡣡ƽȻš

Ϲһ壡
ϹͫȻһ뷢ŭţëŭ˼¡


1521 

˶̵ʱ䣬ɶϹҶԣȴ˼尾ǰδеĿ־塢ŭʡ
ҴӦ
ʱҪһɲǣʶأϹҿڳԼеһֻҡ
ôˣ
ԼѾ£˲֪ٴˣȴ˾ֺ޴룬Ա򶨣
ǵľ
ȻһٴϹëȻǣһ󷢳ʼնδֽԼΧ
ѻͷһεӰӳһϮ忡һǿն䣬ǳ
ϫ
Ϲʧгû뵽ǸвҪɱԼȫģɽΪպյ
ɣ
ϹҶͷŭģһƾͳϫȥ
ȴһƬУδϫͱϢ⡣
һ󾪾壬ŭõѧԺԺɳ˱֮£ѵ±
㻹еֵǰһѾǸˡϫƽΪ㣬ˣԼӦŶԡ
Ϲһʲô
ȷҪװȥϫӿһĨâޱȡ
ϹҼѵ̿ˮɫ粻һȻѷֿ
̫Ͻ̵Ĺɲôõġϫɨһۣ·ɣҪ㣬пζ

ৣ
ղϹǰߴ·ϫ
֮ϹҴ·ָ̫Ͻ̵ڵأڳϫһ㶼ϼһһȷ׼Ĵˡ
ΨԴ·׵

ԣһ˲ܺգִ֮⡣
һΣϹȴųϫŲ˽ʱ˲֪ɳǡɽӣһ·
գڴɽ˵ġǡ󣬳ϫףԭ̫Ͻڵʮ죬뿪ɽӵеĽ
֮һƬŻĮʱңɼܵĺڶޱȣ˵Ѱ޵ߣˣҲСģҵġ
һ·ϣϹҶϣѷеĵֿ
ڵִ˵غϫܣƬĮΪġܲʱչȥ̫Ͻɽ̾ġ桯
ϫͷȻʵ˵ڰǰ̤ˣ
Ϲһ㶣û뵽ʱ̳ϫһ⣬ʶͷʱħٸոĻǡץȡһ˿֮ˣһ̤֮С
ɰȥˣȴδ֤Ů洵ʯ˵ʿ湻ġ
ϫȻƳ˶ԷһۣԴǾǺ
ϹɫһͣǺݺݳ鴤һ£ŵϫԺ츳ԷϷƽӹ֮ɱȡ
ƽӹΣʱֲ⣬ǿɾ޿ɾҩˡϫȻ㣬ЦЦϹҡ
ϫԺǺ⣿Ϲü
ұһ·ɺȻ㲢顣ĮУҲϫ͵߬סϹҵʺ
ϫԺǡϹұ첱Ӵ֣ҪϢҪˮˣƴŭ˼¡
λɡ
ûϹңϫ磬ɨԶ
ڵĵطһƬŻĮػ谵ʱշ籩ŰǺռˡ
ųϫһɢԶ͵ؾҲʲôҪһ㡣
ˣϹһˢޱȣһ˿Ѫɫ͸֮ɫƸû뵽ϫδ֪һ㣬֪һС
ǵóĳ롯ǳˣ
ϫüһӣһӿȥһƬƬʱ촷ۡ飬¡һݺɨһƬҲա
ಣ
ҲڴʱһӰȻһƬҲдܳɲ֮䣬ͱܿ˳ϫһ
ЩӰʮŮһӿ߶ֲϢһ֣Բڵʱ뾲ֹ
ϫԺö
鴫ԤҪǿһЩ
ߣᱻƭ⡮ġɳĮУҲһˣλɲҪ̧ٴӡ
һӰЦһϫ߱ƽнԶɱ¶Ρ
ڴˣϫÿɷɫŤͷб߬סϹңڣ㻹кλҪ˵
ҡ
ϹпһҪ˵Щʲôֱʺһ飬һɿֲӿڣɲǼ䣬飬궼ֱ촷ۣ
λµϹϹŶǺ޷أʹ˱е
أ
ϫֽϹҵʬԶʮˣѧԺе֪ϹҵϢʱоЩףһ˰µ϶ϺͿǵʱŴҴҪ뿪
˶٣ϫȻЦˣˣԭһֻΪ˰ˡ
ףЩˡ
һ俪ڣһɫɼףֳһǹһ˵ĺ֮С
ǡҲҪǰ̫ϽһˣϹҲδƭң̫ϽɽڵĵطѾװ׵ظˡ
ϫƽֻЩ棬ƾʲôҳĳˣƾʮ
ֵ̫򶨣ʮЩ죬δż֡
ˣġ̫ͨϽ̵ȷ;
ΪǿЦڣ̫ϽɽôױҵǿɾԵ̫Ͻ̫ˡ
Σǲǻ𣿡ϫƵᣬץסһҵȷ;ˡ
仰˵ļţʮλ̫ϽͽУȴ˿ĿһУǵɫԶ
ܺãҾףΪδ˵ģ
俪ڡ
䣡
δ£͵ؾҶĺ
𡭡
һ޺쳹ʮأһɿֲޱȵıѪϢضɫ䡣
Ǻ̫ˣɢ糱ն顢رùѣϯ˷Ѱ޵ڴˣֻᱻε
䣡䣡䣡
һƬӰͶ£ִأܹ֪ʱһͷӴĹޣƿն
ƹͷ­ף֮֫һƻɬʱն𣬺ޱȡ
Ӳ񷸩ͻִ֮ᷢӴ㸲ʮ֮ңһƶʮɽ㡣
ޣ
ϫһУϳ̫ʱھѾĿֱֲ֣ޣǴӻе£һһ֮䣬ܷǬױ䣬֮
ݳϫ֪̽ǰͷ޵Ϣӵˮ׼
ɾ̫ˣ޺޵߲ͬӴޱȣԪҲİ磬ƿһЩɲѪͨͬһ֮Уѹ޵ߣ


1522 ṵ̆˻
޵ȷܺ
ȷˡm؅Ӥһ̫ޡ޶ҪΪ̫ʱڣѾ
ţ޵ڻ磬ﲻ̣֮ʢ
Ҳˣͷ޳ʱҲϫ⣬ȫû뵽̫Ͻ̵ĵϣܼʶˡ
󣬴ʱˣΥ棬ãܣ
ǿ͵ȡ
˵ʱλ̫ϽͽӰһԶԶȥҪѳϫ޴á
Ȼǿϫȫ޶ˡ
ϫδ˼ؿޣͨǿһ仰ʱһ¡
Ȼ̫ϽѱǱڴˣ
𡭡
УһСͫٿȻϫ׹֣¶Ѫɱ
¡һһĴ죬һƬҹ䣬Ƭض촷ۡ
ʵ̫ӴʮﷶΧһֻƸ֮ĻĴ£һ㣬ɲޱȡ
Ȼһͷ󣡡
ϫߣδܣұһһƳƳҪ֮Ӳ
ԶԶȥͷһֻҪһͷĽƶһĻ۵龰һֻޱȵӾ
Զǿʮ˲δԶ룬һĻʱԶһ㵣㲻Լ۾һѵɵˣ
¡
ǷӦϫѾӲһײһɿֲĲ֮䣬ʮɽŷҡض
ΧﷶΧĴأһȫ촷ۣޣɴ˿ɼһƺεȿɲ
ϣһĹµĻᣬңҴ뿪̫Ͻ̣ຣ
̳Уϫ˽ԶȻһǹŵһĨЦʱὩӲ
ǵҰУϫԭأԣ𣬶£ѳݱ𣬻ΪԨ
Ȼסһ
ôܣ
Ŀ۾ɵùԲǿ̫Ͻſʮ̫֮ϽԳ֣һĹؾһٽѱץڴˣ俴ɽţѾ¡
Ҳд޿أ̫ʱ̤˵أҪѰ̫Ͻŵ޵ߣĪɥ޿Уһ
һж֤ɺεǿѰ߰˸һ𣬶Ǵ޶֣һϫܹӲӲܣβ𾪣
ϣҲ׾Ųűһٴ꣡ǿȣΪ޹֡
жһĳޣ͵سϣžžžޣʹ𣬻ڲڡ
ȥɱ˴ӣ죡

¡
ָʹǷ֫ڶޱȣϫɱÿһֻ϶ӿ֮ŤʱգӳֲֿĴϢֱҪ㡣
ৣ
ϫ񶯣ƾն𣬾ֿȭƵƵ֮ӲͶ㣬ϣÿһƻɱ˸൱ƽɫ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭصɳʯĵ޹⣬ֳŭƣ˸Ѫȵȿɲ
һɲǣԶĿ˵ȷ׷˺Ψֱ롣
ǿһ̾ҲԼͬѡܣɼϫ߼Ľƻε֮ɲ
ӣȻ紫ǰǿϴδʦǷԵѧԺĹ飬һΪҡ⣬ҲС
һӥ˵
֮ܲһնɱȺԷѰɱȣҲʮһټϣѾ㹻˵һˡ
һ俪ڡ
һУڽĻֻҪӣ̫Ͻ̶ԣɽ罫κϰ
Ϊǿ˫ֱأĮȻ˵
ˡ
ڴʱȻһ첨Уɫ΢΢һ䣬
û뵽һλ˳ûɽˡҧһƬ䡣
תֱӷԸˣٷţʹʦһɱһλĿˡ
ʲô
˴̫Ͻɽţ
ԣҲɫһ䣬Ƹû뵽˭һ
ȥ


˲ҵ׷һ֣ʩչŲ֮˲Ϣʧ
£һɱϫ˴Ϊ̫Ͻ̿Ѫ鲼ɽͽٻţԣһξֹܴɵ飡
һһٵ

䣡
͵أϫһȭԴϣĽδƿնԷ
һȭȴҵʹһȻϫһȭҲʹѡ
ôҸղԣǷӦ̫ϽΪΪŰβһ뿪ұ֤ɡ
һսϫһߴ
Ըң͹ԹˣһһЩʹ࣡޴һѪ
û㣬ֻһΣǵ޷ֻ»Ҫóڴˡ
ϫ٣óȫǱ̫Ͻвȣѹ£бȻѽ̫ϽԹ޵˼¡
Цȴ˵ɣ
޲Ϊֲ֫գɨذ˻ģӿֲ֮ޱȡ
ϫˣٶԣ¶һĨŭֱǲ֪ô
䣡䣡䣡
֣һԾ̤գʩչһĪȭƿ޷һȭȭʵʵڶԷϣİĺ
ȭڤ¼еһ߷ţ̺˰壬һʩչ֮·Ҫɣڤֻء
ǳϫڤʱѧ֮⣬С쾭þʽ߷š
Щžĳϫʩչܻ֮ϢǺͬ
ʱ򼴱ǵڤ۸ֻҲԳϫ̾
һͨͨ
ﵽϫȾ磬Ͷ֮ʩչķţܷӳĿɲơ
ȴ£򱻴ϲÿһȭδƿƤ⣬ھȴֲޱȣҲܵ˲Сơ
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󣡵ʱ㻹ʩչȫŭ𣬼һĳޣžžžպݺݳϡ
ޱϫѹֱ̢ǳ뱩ŭ۾죬ҪѪ
𡭡𡭡𡭡
͵Ѫſһ޵ԨҪض̵
泤һɿֲޱȵ֮ɢաߡʯһеһУһ̶ܿƣС
֮
һɲǣԲ֮ڣһﶼǣƣܿƵش˷޿ӿȥ֮ǳҡҡ׹龰ޱȡ


1523 
죡
һĻҪضһ̵𺳡
޵츳ӵ߶ֲܣʮﷶΧӴҲԵüΪˡ
¡¡
顢عѣﶼܿصس޿ӿȥ
һɲǣĳϫҲܵһȻĪĿֲҲסһΣ㲻ܿؾͱק޵ĴС
һΪأ̺Ŵ֮Ť˺Ҫ˺顢ĥ𣬻촷۰㡣
Ѱ޷֮⡣
ΪǸоͺһֻڵֵ籩еϯ㣬̫
ɱ죬ɱ
֮Ȼ鴫й涨޲ɱ˴ޣ䱾ȡúòһ֮Ϊٴͻͽ
һ£ҵҲǳϫӦˣ
Զǿ˽Զܣ¶ڴǶѾ뱩ŭʩչѹֶΡ
ȹһ𣬶ֿܹˣ

죿ߣұʶʶʲô֮
ƥ񱩵֮Уϫ裬һֻڿƮķƵģҡҡ׹ɫʱһ߳
¡һɲǼ䣬ϫӰӿʢҫۣиһ޵Ϣ
ٿȻһʧ
ǿ˵ҰУȴһͷЮ֮ڤХ
ǵȷųƻ̫֮صһޣӣب֮ϣƣǲ֪
һ֣ضӴ⣬ҪǬ

ĿһĻ˽Զһ׻
֮
أҲһŭޱȵĴѪں¡һͳϫȥһԨٶ¡
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֮ԸҲΪϫۼǺ͵̣Ҳûȡ
¡
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¡
κβһ˦޴ϣҵöԷӴޱȵ͵صɳȥƬض顣
ÿٴɫ䣬Ȼѣһͷػ̫ϽµĻޣȫ޷κһϫ
Сδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
أ
ǷӦڿգ˫䣬һƣٴνɣʮﷶΧӴѪˮ
ŭ𣬼Ϊʣٴɱ֮ɢڶƵģҪС
ϧ֮֮ʱҲѷӳǵƣϫһѹɡ
ء
ϫһֲѹƣöԷѪʹ𲻶ϣ޷ؾơ
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ǻɳϫѲڣܽѹƵز
ǲµòϫȷѷ̤뵽˿ġ֮Զʱ֮С
֮ǰ֪ͣڳϫոսӡϣ֪ϫһˣնɱλʥʡһȫʮֻ¾Ͳˡ

䣡
أϫӰһ»ָԭΣһ̤ͷ­ϣƾҲ
ʱ龰ܾ߱ӾӴʮﷶΧϫӰ֮ԱȣһֻϺ
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㡭һû뵽ʱ򣬳ϫǵû̶ɱһҪ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳˡ
һ걻ѹʮ֮ϣΪһϫܰ쵽𣿼ֱǰ׳գ
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˵ţ̧һqqĳޣգݺݳ޳ȥ
ϣ
һɲǣϫҲˣգһնȥ
صһĳڰ;ͱһĨ𵴶ʹ͹ۡ
ɫ䣬Դɵؿ˳ϫһۡ
ߣ
ûκγɣǿλʩչŲ֮תȥ
ѲòߣղһսѾʶ˳ϫʵ֮ɲƾˣȻ޷ˡ
£ȥƴǸҲûʲô
Ҳֻܼϣţʦǣһٽϫɱˡ
޵ǲŲȥģ޵ұѣϾһƱԴ껹ѹ̫Ͻ̣߶ܡ
㲻ţҲԺһһ⣬ǰ̫ϽڵأҽһƱԴȡҲ١
ϫδ׷ϣֻƳǿһۣͽĿ˽µޡ
㾿Ϊʲô޳ĬƬ̲ſʵ
ѧԺһƽٽʱ᳹׻ɡϫ˼κ
Ϊҳ䵱Źޱ
ϫһϵĻţһΪūͣԼɡ


1524 ǹ
ˣˣˣ
һͷƹʮﷶΧĻޣ̤֫أǰһʱղ飬˲ƶѷɫ
ϫϥͷ­ϣңԶ
֮ǰѴӦ˳ϫɹ̫ϽȡһƱԴǲС
ڴˣϫǺκ
˴ǰʮ죬Ϊ˺̫Ͻ˶ϣ˳ֽһͷ̫ʱھͿĻޣ֮
һԶһܣڵѧԺǰôϫ뿪ǰĩ֮ҲԳ׷ˡ

ʱųϫڡġɳĮһ·ǰС
Ƭ̺
һƬصķڳϫҰС
ǷУƯһؾ飬
ÿһؾֳͬм޾۽𺣣滨ݶѻɽ
һ֯Ƿ֮УӳճһƬ½龰һ֮£øСҰݡ
棡
ϫɲǼ䣬жϳ˵ص֣Ϲҵ˵̫ϽڵʮڣͲС
һɱ֮أ̫Ͻ̹£κͼӴ˵ؽ̫ϽŵļһһУ⡣
ִ˵֮ٿȻ㣬ڡ
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Ƭ֮¡
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ܿ죬ע⵽һ·ϣ޿·ɳۣʵǵλãһֱŲơ
ߵǬֲ֮ãΪأԵΪ죬ѵõǺ޽ƲĺۼȻɣ޷Ȱֻ˭Ѱٲǰʮ·ˡ
ϫ˼ķεǿ󣬼Ƭ̣ݳ⡰桱еİ

Сӣֻ㵽ˡ
ûãͣ½Ųڡ
ϫע⵽ǴʱһƬޱȵĿռУһƬڰһ׹ƵĻ棬ӿһƵĵ֮
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ƬԶһ죬ŨѪˮһ߾߰׹ǣڤеѪƵġ
ֶӣ˰ʮĵһؾѪ졭ţԣֶӸƷս
˵ţȻƲʲô͵
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ϫһݣɾЩˣ磬ƽͷ̫Ͻ죬޿ƥ֮ơ
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ϫƬ̣㼴ϣԶĺȥ
СҪСˣǱϾ̫ϽڣһʱǿԼСҲȥˡ
󷽣ѣȻԳϫ˴εжá

̫Ͼ
Ѫ졣
ʮĵһأһƬ磬̫ϽͲͽܾ֮ء
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ֻźƽٽ٣̫Ͻе񾳴Ҳ޷⣬̫Ͻһǰĩ֮
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洫գڳϿѡӿյˣԭԶǷڣȴѹƾ磬ݳ֣ĿıΪ磬̫Ͻƿ¡
߱ܣԲܹᲢۡ
֮⣬̫Ͻ洫ӵΪͬСУҲڶ۷ˮ׼ǻ
ৣ
ϫӰƾճѪУӿʮ㣬ƴĹ
ǣһƬУһƬԼִ֮ûκע⡣
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֪ЩʬϢһƵֶ֮Ȼ̫Ͻͽ
˲𣬾ȻԴ̫ϽɽŴɱ䣬֮ʵֻ¾Ѱɱˡ
ϫһɢԼ־ϸ֪Ƭ̣һʩչŲ֮ʧԭء

һ֮ϣǡ̫Ħ족
ִ˾󣬳ϫֻһصʬԼһرһյĽơ
ɱ֮Ǵݿ࣬ӵʵģɽжȻѰ֮ˣ־˭ΪԼҲƲⲻ
ϫλԼһ̫Ͻ̵ġ֡ˡ
ٳͣߴľȥ
졣
졣
Ԫ졣

ǺͣЪأϫһؾأһ·ϼսɱҲ
ʮɫ졣
ϫִ˵ʱظ֪һҵս
һݣλ̫Ͻ̵ġ֡˿̫̾Ͻ̵ʮɱ
ϫҵӰһͳԶȥ
¡
һƬƽԭ˿ȴΪһƬƴսɹⱬգǽƲɱײӿգһƬҡ
ǧŵ̫Ͻͽϳֽƣһ޳ӰΧʢĹ⽫Ƭضû˸Ϳзս
ɵϫԶԶִ˵أһĻʱȴһսСӿŴƥĹ֮
ѵλ֡Ů洵
ǿɲ־ͳԶսɨȥڿǱΧսӰʱʱһͫɢ׻
ȻȻ
ϫʧڣдһ˿ڵĲһĨļû뵽ڴʱ˿̴˵أͶԷˡ
ϣ̫⣬Щĳ


1525 
սУһԼӰȻʤѩں㷢٣ã񾲵֮УƻãȾ̻Ϣ
ӰҡҷڴӰУʥϢͶ㣬һɴݡƣԵüΪڡ
ǧ֮ڵ̫ϽͽУڣսиһؽ֣ɾκβһ˿һ
ԶԶһڵɽеһĨҫޱȡ
Ȼ£
ҲΪγϫһɲǣӲ׻ԭڣΪĵ£ӣ
ڵŻɣ±Դ޽ɵΪһ̤֮ϼٷɽ硣
ʱͳϫԼϫִɽ󣬱ǰѰٳϫ
ôȥˣȴΪָԭ򣬳ٳ޷һ棬˲òп컯Ūˡ
ֱƽٽ٣ϫҲڴŮ洵ʯе֪µϢ
ɻǰŮ洵½ӻأһϢŮ洵ڵɫرգ䣬Ů洵е޵ߣҲ֮ǰĩ֮
óϫһֱźѡ
ȴû뵽̫ϽɽмԷˣ
ΪҪ
ȻУΪβԼ
ϫĳ˼ɣԴҲ벻ףΪҪ
ᰲԼΪ֪κԼദأ²ԸԼѵҲԸ
һ뵽ϫЩĪᡣ

Զսڳ
գϫδһѿʵӦǰһСҪһ¾Ϊζ
Լʱ񾲹Ե飬ȻԼԭˡ
Ϊ̫ýһУڶԴϫʱҲ飬ı䲻˵ġ
ıˣҲͲˡ
ৣ
ϫӰһʩչطȻʵԳһĴڣ˸ԲĴڡ
һУϸ´ȥ
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֪˰ֻأݱ֮Լ׳ҪأĸǺ츳ټǰ۵ؾ飬ʵ벻ѡ
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Ʈ裬ս֮УѽнƳͬǧ̫֮ϽͽҲɱ˸߰˰ˡ
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󣡡
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ĦУһ̫Ͻͽۺϣλ£һؽƣԴ
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ѰǰֻڵһʱͱΧɱˡ
ܹ֮һˣɱʮ죬ԭֻһǾʵԶѰЩƣҲκβ
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µս֮ǿ黹Ҫʤһ
óϫ棬Ϊζ
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ɱ
ɱ
սٴα
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Դһһ˿⣬ͻԥڻ˵ԭµİΣ
Ѿɱʮ죬̫Ͻѵжϲƣ洫أѵЩ̫Ͻͽɱ
Ȼϫע⵽һ˿ףֱʱ̫ϽƲô£δɳһλ֡
Щ
ΣһμȻˣ;һ˿Σˡ
ϫһһĨȻ

ͬʱʮ֮ϡ
һϵĵ̳ϣϥһӰһ죬ϢƳԳǿơ
УȻ̫Ͻ洫գ洫ӽЦȵһ洫ӡ
֮⣬λѪ۵߼Ϊۣһտݣɫ𺣬ݣһƻɬĴ֡
һݶɫһ˿ü˵ɱ֮һ磬ǡ
λ̫ϽλڳϡѺӿյˣ
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ͷҵüĿһĽЦʦãλʦȥһ⣬սپ
Ц˵ͷ㳤𣬴洫ƮȻȥ
ԸһУһɨˣνټǰĩ֮дһҪϢ
ĩ֮
һݣλڳϣҲ΢΢۾¶һĨ֮ɫ
ʦŴĩ֮򴫻صϢЩ޷֪̽ȷǣѾ˽뵽Ϲ򡣡
ɫһҲ
ʲô
ôܣ̫Ͻ̰ĩ֮ѽһǰϹͨỹ飿
пһԶ̲ס
ΣѾ֤ʵˡ
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ɫԶ
Ȼһֱ桰£ϹҪʸģŹرգôҲע޷̤һƬˣ
ʦ֣˵Ǹô죿̲סʵ
ҲĿա
ļϹͨҪرգҪһʱ䣬һʱڣǵĵ֮ǡ
һ¶һĨɱϫ̤ƽѧԺһ򾡣
˶٣Ψˣǲ綯ǰĩ֮򣬺ʦλǰϣһǰϹ򡣡
ԣԶһӦ
λһ֮һ鱦˴ɱϫҲ練ƣ
ȻһֳöӲӵͭǮڿתݣɢһɹɿֲɬĻϢ


1526 鱦
öӲӵͭǮգ
ϸȥǮԲڷӡŻɬĻƣöͭǮϷֱֳ족ءˡ֮ޱȡ
һ֣ͷųһ˵Ϣأ˲Ŀ
鱦䱦ͭǮ
˱Զһ¶һĨ𾪣񱦣ڻ籾ԴУ̫Ͻ֮죬
ţֻҪõ˱価һк鱦鱦УҲһ֮
̫ʱڣ̫Ͻƾ˱˲֪ٻħıһ汦
û뵽˱˴ʦ֡һλ洫۵
ֹλڼ볤ϴ˿Ҳ޷Դӵؿһۣͬû뵽䱦ͭǮںС
´˱ҲΪ˷ҵɨƽ磬ƾҸǶȻ޷ƥġ
ǫѷһЦȴ͸һɰȻ
鱦Ҳ
һֵڻе汦ӻ翪֪鱦Žӵһ˼
䱦ͭǮ֮һһ˼鱦Уۼܺãڵڶʮλ
һ룬Ի翪񣬻ħ֮࣬񾳴Ǻ֮࣬鱦ȴֻһ˼֪ȱǺε֮󺱼
䱦ͭǮڵڶʮλԵ÷ͬˡ
λʼɡ
շԸһſһö䱦ͭǮȻʼ
Ϊ̫ǿ󣬼ʵҲ޷Խֻ֮ܽһ
ʼɡ
˻һۣԶɫһ࣬תΪʼһ֮
ˡ
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̫Ͻ̵ʮأĦ졣
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ҵսڳ¹һˣս֮У㷢裬ɫ񾲣Ͷ֮䣬ĨɱһԵøɴ֮
Ѫˮڷɽ
Һڻص
ʼգ۾Ҳգһ£Ʈ裬貨ӣʥ࣬ɱУǵԵò̺ѪȣһĿĸо
ܿ죬սƾȫб
ãҳˡ
ϫһпУаһ
ɾڴʱ͵һȻһȥͿһӰƾ˸һֲ˼ٶȴӼԶХ
Ц
ɲǼ䣬ϫϳΪŮӣȻ̫Ͻ洫֮һĽЦ
ߣһŮһϢҲΪȣ붼е۷С
ɳһЩĸ֡
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ߣúŮˣ̫ϽŻ˲Ᵽֱǲ֪Цһ˻֡
ߵλ洫ӣԶս

һǿƥɱգ˺ʱգ˷ɱȥ
˺ҵɱ˴Ů
ͬʱЦƮҷ޳һչһ׭ŷܷĵͭճȥ

ͭɹһӿһɫ⣬Юƥգȥ
鱦ޱϬ
˾Źޱ⡱̺Ϣնɱ꣬촷ԣƿɲޱȡ
һɲǼ䣬°˷ΪУΧУȻ壬Ȼһѩɽָأǽйһһ⡣
ء
ɲײ쳹춯ء
䵲һعɫȴ΢ЩףԸе˳֮ǰǰࡣ
һԲսڣҫʮأӳĵӹ߳o㣬ƺ嫡
ߣ̶ѣλ֣ɱ
ЦߣޱϬתͣкޱ⣬һɲŤ磬ɱȥ
λ洫ҲǶȫϽЦһ𣬽µ·񣬳ûߵĿܡ
Щˣ湻ģһͶȫϫüһĨɱ
٣
ڳϫʱȴս֮Уؼһ״һ֣֮Ƭضѹ飬
ǻ״Ȼһֻɫһƾ˵
һ𣬾ͽЩΧɱˣַ赲⣬֮
Ů洵ľϢֲøҶԴ̫Ͻɽţԭӵ鱦Ϊ̡
ЦһȻŮ洵պһһ˼鱦λеʮ
ҲҪ˭УοˣЦԽɱ

Цǣ¸ռϢһμһһӲӵֽ͸ɫ
һƷģϢһ֣৵һƾʧ
Сģ
Цϳһ鱦ʮλǾϢΪǿ󣬴ŵŮ洴񣬸ƾɱ˲֪
ϧһģֻһһ洫Ӿͱ޷ɥʧս
ɱ
Ц˼ˣæǰӪȣȫΧ¡
¾ǶԴ˲ܣӰһӲǱ洫ɱȥȫһҪĴ򷨡
䣡
һ죬Ǳ洫ӱϢӲϣֽ㣬Ȼ飬ҷ
һλ۷徳ʹ˱
ɼͬʱҲܵ˵Ĺһ⴩͸硣
ͬʱ˵Ĺʵʵ䱳ϣ˱õɳȥ۵һһѪɫɲǼˢס
Ĵ򷨣ϣȫʯƴ̬
ֹǽЦû뵽ԶĳϫҲû뵽¾Լ˺ݣҲȥ
ɱɱ
һսʧһλͬţЦŭҪ֮ʣһٽĨɱ

ϫɫʱٹ˲òӰӰһҪȥ
ˡ
ɾڴʱ»֮һٴμһӨѩ׵ıƣɲǼͷųضޱȡ
ϫ۾һУӰһ˿͡
͵ƣŮ派ڸˣ㾿˭һƬУЦŭ𾪵ļС

ڽЦеͬʱһҽ쳹ޱȣȻֹȻٴ˱ɱˡ
óϫҲеԾţû뵽Яıһһǿһ鱦


1527 
͵գŹ
˵ƸоŴ磬ͨףѩɣʢ״ıǵо

һԻʥ糱ˮ㣬ĿޱȣɢϢоаħϵĿɲơ
鱦Ů洴ӻȡϹ˲֪£Ī⣬һ˼鱦ڶʮλ
Σʱ̣ºȻһնɱһ̫Ͻ洫ӣȫЦ˽ԶʧŭУ׷ܲѡ
ϫȻֹͬ𺳡
֮ǰһ·棬ʮ죬ʼղδʩչκɱɵһͽЦ˿ս½Ϣ͵ơһһǿһ鱦
ҵ̣Χ֮£һɱλ̫Ͻ۷ε洫ӣɴ˱֪һ˴̫Ͻɽţб

¡
֮ŭϯܻܡ
ڴ˴ѹ£Цͽʣµλ洫ֻ֮ܽԿת᧿Σ
´ʱˣӵ鱦ԽЦ˵ֶΣκβöԷ
ؼǣУֻнЦһӵһ鱦˵鱦ˡ
ڱԿϣѾѹơ
⵹˵̫Ͻ̵ĵ̱Ů洵Ϊ̫Ͻ̵ӡڶ࣬ӵ鱦Ҳֵġ
ΪսˣȴӲκһˡ
ۺ£Цѳɥʧսơ
أ
Ƭ̺ʩչץסᣬٴסһ̫Ͻ洫ӣ͵ֱӽ˷ٻ
ǰĲҽ֮ëȻ
һĻֱʣµĽЦ˶־תߣսΪ޷Ťת
ৣ
ˣһӲӵĸڿգʧٴγʱٴסһ洫ӣ侪ŭУ޷ѡ
¡
ϢһƬƣѹֱӽ洫ɱ飬촷ۡ
һж̫죬ӽЦߣٵ¼ס洫ӣһɲɡ
ɼһɱǺεȼңĶǡ
ˣòƬ̣ұ֮أ
Цгޱȷŭ֮ɫӰһʧʮС
Զĳϫˣ룬ջǿ԰סɱûȥɱЦ̫Ͻ̴յ˻ûҲΪһЦǰ¶١
ڽЦ뿪֮ͬδ׷죬һУ鱦Ȼƺһɫԭ԰
ۣ
̲סȳһѪӰҡҡ׹
֮ǰʱܵ˺鱦ɱУ˵ˣɶҲļ󣬱Ͼǿ鱦ԭǷ񾳷ܷӳȫܵҲǾ֮
ܹ֧ŵڣɼΪε񣬻ѰֻΪˡ
ֻʮضѡ
һóһƿҩһ̾ԭήҵϢʱһ־˵ٶȻָ
Ƕ̶̼ʱ䣬ԭĵǻָ߰˰ˣǲ԰͸ϣҲǻһĨ
ӣƮ裬ٴζȥʼգûκ˱뿪Ĵ㡣
ԭΪ˽֮ս׼ֶΡ
ϫૣӰ뿪ĵطһ˿ɻΪҪƴ
ͷֻһϫԺ׷ȥ
Ʋ⣬£ӵ鱦ҲԲ̫ܽϽɽų̤ƽˡ
Ϊ̫ϽлաѡӿյˣλѷѹƾΣһɱ¾ԲǶˡ

ڶʮ조Ħվɢ족
ڶʮһ조޼źڞ족
ڶʮ조˽족
ϫǣ̫Ͻ̵ʮ쿪ʼһ·ϣδʲô谭˵ӰûѰٵ
Ź֣̫ϽѲһУȴٳٲٶ֣Īڰ壿
ϫüͷһ·ڰ׷ֱѾִڶʮ죬δκ谭쳣͵ؾ
ȴһлȻû谭һֱǰУɫƸηһа㡣
һĻϫҲпԴԼʶ£ʹδ¹ηεأһֱ˵Ȼģ
һǰһһһһ·ǰС

ˡˡ
ʮ֮ϣһƴ쳹أ
һĿޱȣĽ⣬ɢŰ˷ƣʱն˺Ѵ͸ޱȡ
һĵطöӲӵͭǮͭǮŨεϢҫ۵̫Ƶġ
յϥڵ̳ϣɫ£ϼׯء
ЦԶԶؿһУü壬ļ٣ôûȥǼ˷ɱʮ֮ϲɡ
ʮ֮󣬽Цڷص·ϣЩԭפ̫Ͻͽˡ
Ϊӵ鱦£ЩѰ̫ϽͽܹģҲֻдʦգλڳϳ֣ܳɱˡ
Цû뵽ǣʦں䱦ͭǮֱδκֵͣĺۼ
Բⵣǣֻϣܹµִʮǰʦܹ䱦ͭǮɹ
ļˣǴʦǳ鲻ĻߵزЦһ뵽ԼɽУһ㴳һؾ죬оͲŭ
Թĸһﵨô̫Ͻɽţ
ûУ
Խ׳һ
̫Ͻһ񾳴뿪ǰĩ֮ʮֻʣЩͽ洫ӡԼλڳϡ
ԣԺɨ磬̤ƽ˷ˡ
Цû뵽ǣŮ洵ʵǿӵǰʮ֮е鱦Ӳɱɽ֮У
̫Ͻ̶ԣֱһĪĳ裡
ˣһȻ̫ϽҰȴ³ֻãܣЦֱ޵
˼֮ʣ˵һֲɢʢ۾еһʹ
ɹˣ
Цһ
ӵд˱㲻ָ֮֮У˭ҿ⣿ЦɳƵо԰
ģö䱦ͭǮԽ⣬ǡ
ô˻ᣬЦæǰղŷһһһ֮
鱦
һǷһĨڵĿܣû뵽䱦ͭǮǿǰóˣ


1528 벶
̫Ͼʮء

µִ˵֮ɲδκ谭
һ̧̣ԶӣӰһ˿ͣͣգǰʮȥ
ϫˣüëüһĨȻ
޷϶̫Ͻڰ׼ıȴԿ϶̤ʮһ̣Ȼ赲
ʱٵΣգעѰˡ
ԣӳ飬Ϊ˺ĿģϫҲɣھȥƴ
̫Σգ

ȻڳϫһʱԶһ󲨶ӿƵģƾոֳһΰӰ
Ϊ׵ģȻ̫Ͻ̴գ
ߣʮλ洫ӣÿһԶ۷ܣǽЦҲȻС
ĿһĻϫȻһƺλڳϣ̫Ͻһȫˣ

һɲǣҲȻֹĿյһɨϷһĨ֮ɫ
ȻҲʶ̬ء
ԭŵգʱѹֶɱն顣
£ţֻأǰһնǰصŮ洵й֮ǰȴƺ֪ܷ֮ҵȣ
ִ˵غĿ磬˲Ϣ£ǷһĨζЦݡ
˵ʱߵʮλ洫ռ˷ϣ¹һΧ롣
ڴˣ²δᣬֻǽһգȻһ㣬Ͳʱϻ
۾УɭȻϻǺǣŮˣǵǲѷɫжҺܺ棬Ů洵ڹرɫһ̫ϽѵŮ洵ˣ
»Ȼŭƽֻ̤ƽ̫Ͻ̶ѣһ˱㹻ˡ
Դƽȴ͸һǿ֮ƣӵš


ߣͷԲ֪
һ̫Ͻ洫Ц仰иܵһĪƣ̤ƽ̫Ͻ̣Ů˻˵ڰ
ջ˻ֹ֣ſڵ˵ɣ̫ϽɽţΪʲôһῴϵķϣһȫʬ
ԶĳϫüӿŨɱջסҲ֪¾Ϊζ
첻ԣĬ
ֻǿ̫Ͻ̲˳ۡ
յ˿ҪʧȥĵʱºȻڣһ𰸡
˳ۣ
յ˽ԶһɫʲôɣԾư
һ̣ϫҲ΢΢Ȼ¶ȻΪԭŹǰģֻԸ˵ˡ
ݳϫµ˽⣬˻شȻģΪԭһˣӲ˵
ʦ֣ĪҪٺ˷ϻֻͲڣЦҧ¿νǺ֮ǡ

ϵǣ¾ǰ֣ؼһĨӲӵĹ⣬ƾճЦȥ
¡
ͬʱ͵ơ͡ϢҲǰߴԹ֣һƬƣΪ׵ձɱȥ
һɲǼ䣬鱦Ϥ

󵨣

һ洫ӽŭû뵽£ѳް¾Ȼʱŭǡ
һɲǣҲǲԥȻ֣ıʩչͨ취ţ볯ɱ
¡¡¡¡
Ƭضʱʢı⸲ǣϼܣʱձ쾭γǬԶ֮С

ৣ
ӰһͱܿϢĹ
ȻŮӵ鱦治֪֮ǰʲôݣŮ洵ʹ͸ô౦ˡ
ƣδż֣鱦ɫε¶һḬ̃
鱦һǰʮ֮У͵ƣڶʮλ䱦ͭǮѡ
ܱԼãվţԼ½ϹУ˸СԼˣ
һΣһҪ£
֮һĨ֮ɫٳɣ͵ؼ뵽սС

սһ±㴦У
Ͼʮλ۷徳ڣԼһλѷʵѹա
Χ£ӵǿƥ鱦ҲܻΌԷˡ
οµ״̬֮ǰ˵ԵʣԶԶûлָ۷ˮ׼
£Ĵֻá᧿Σݣʱпܱɱ
¾ִУɫɵȻݣΨüһ˿֮ǰδеľȻ
ƺ
ϵʶһʼƴĴ㣿
䣡
һͭӱ͵Ϯ
ͷҲأٿظһĨӲӵĹ⣬ͭȥ
Ȼڴʱ
ˣˣˣ
أƴĿޱȣĽ֡Ʒƿնһ֮ͭǰصһײ˸ϡ
ֻԽ磬öӲӵͭǮֳ족ءˡޱȵػּѹ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬类ߴ߰㣬ͨһ׹ء
۵һʧȥƣܲȳһѪ
Ȼ󻹲ӦöӲӵͭǮٿƾʧ糤һԶʱճ㣬ǳûһٽǡϢ͡͵ơ䣡
һУڲǧ֮һɲɣĲ˼飬𺳡
ɴҲ֪նֵʱǺε֮׼еġ䱦ͭǮǺεȿֲ
һĻʧȥ˶鱦Ŀƣһһӱò԰͸֮
λʦܣŮˣ
һ֣̲סЦ־鱦ֿɵã˭ֻҲ޷ˡ
Ըһ֮̽һץҪ䱦ͭǮͬһջء

ɾʱһǻԹնɵĴƾո֣ɲǼ䣬ͽ䱦ͭǮͬһ򾡣
һĻͻһֲ
ɫ䣬ͫţͷ͵رֿɵõһӱָֹо̼һŭС
ĸˣ
˵ʱ͵һץٴηҪһŴɡ
¡¡ڴʱһĨִʢĽɨӵʱգЮֱ֮ҪǬն
һ̫ɲֵĲֹգͬ洫ӣҲһ
ɲǼ䣬о䡣
˶¶ݣܵһĿɲжҲһ˿ɬ
ÿֲһ
˭

ԣ⣬˵һֳһɫݺһնȥ


1529 
䣡
պŭֽնȥһĨִʢײһɿֲɢ˷
һܣ洫ӶӰģδˣȴɫá
һǳʶͻأɱĶʵΪɲ
յĸܸΪǿңһ֮£Ѷ߳˭룬ͶԷƴ˸ƽɫҲ͵һ˿衣
˭
Ϊ֮ǰһֱδټ
ţһƳͷˣĿ˲¶һĨ

ৣ
ֻһᣬͱһֻı۰ס֫ȻһҪͿģʱ
ôǡ㣿
´Ϣڣ䣬һף̲סȳһѪ֮ǰڶ๥鱦Ҳߣ˿һʱӿȫϢή
Ҫ˵úˣĽˡ
ȻǳϫصزסһԷͬ⣬㽫ЯɱС

ڳϫ¾µʱǰУƻðǻԵĴѽ䱦ͭǮԼ鱦סȴδ׽ڰн
ԭڣ䱦ͭǮƼΪˣյƿ£ֳ۽⣬磬ɱôҡҡ׹Ҫ
ԭ񱦣Ҿ֪ɽЩҲģȻｻ㣡
ղŵıʺջָ侲ϳ˳ϫݣϳǴʶɫҲ

ɽ֪һ˼鱦Уʮλ
˱ıǿԲԴۡˡ̫ʱڣɽ֮˱̴˱һڻħսһٶ˺ͼӶƾͼ֮ٳɽͳ
鱦ɿܻ᲻ʶ
ԭ㣬䱦ͭǮ֮ԽϫжӶΪƿɽɨƽϰ
˭룬ϫоȻ
յļƻʱգܸ˲Ź֡
ΪԾǣϴڵѧԺϫĳϫʵԵõһʵɱ䣬֮ǿеһֳѹ

ϫ
ԭһȻҹǱ̫Ͻ̣
̫Ͻ̣ô˻ᣬǡԽɱһǵѧԺҲΪǣ
ʱ򣬽Цʮλ̫Ͻ洫Ҳϳ˳ϫݣտʼľϽԶ¶һĨȻɱ
һӣеɱԶ˳ϫϡ
һ֣ɱ˴ӣ
һԼȫҪǴҲ£һ㣬ҲζţԻļ鱦
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ʮλӵ۷Ĵڶ֣ʩչֶΣ˷ϫɱ
һɲǼ䣬ɱڿգַźХʢ嫣أǸ磬ȹֻ¶Ҫٵǳء
ϣ
ͬʱϫиֳѪĵ֮͵𣬲ЩΧɱ̫洫ӣֱԶձɱȥ

һɫڿգ裬ÿһ佣һɱĽۣɢս֡
һɲǣؼ䶼ħŭʥͱѪȵȿɲ
ǵ֮ƣ
Ի֮ӡһɿֲȻ̫Ͻ̵ֶ֮С
򱻳ϫƿأ̫Ͻɽ֮ڴɱ䣬һĻаֻҲԺЦȪˡ
ۡ
һйɫ֮£Զѩˮ߽⡣
ôܣ
֮
ԣƾ֮ҲɻҵΧѵ̤֮
Щ̫Ͻ洫ӺȻû뵽һ֣ǷǵδκγϫɱΧ
̫ţԤ
һУϫɫɱδƿΧ󣬱ݽննȥ
ৣ
죬ѪȾ񷡣

ʩչȫҪΧϫʱһٽ鱦ΪС
Ȼǣδһϫֽնɱ𣬽Ͻʣ
ն
ղҵڵĽһͳϫӲ
¡¡
˲Ϣһ𣬽ݺύ𵴾ʮء
ৣ
ô˻ᣬһ洫ӺȻӰһݣϵĴݺץȥ
ۼҪ֡

أһƵ쳹ϫǾεӰشսдܳһͳնȥ
һѪ磬ܻɫֻһ񹂣Ȼɱ£ǵȿɲƣֱӽ洫飬Ѫɣе
ˣ
һŭձҪӪȣϧȴһ˿ֻܽŭкڳϫϡ
ɲǼ䣬ٴνһ
۷徳洫ӵվŭ֮࣬Ҳʶϫӵеսѳ
δ񣬿ҲѾԶˣ
ĹֶУѴһƵϢԺɲǼ両ֳһʡ񡱾
УԻ翪ֻһСܹ̤ȿĵز
һСˣһɽ
ԭڣΨɽӵС޼񹂡УҲΨɽӵСԨ֮ء
ҪǣһеĴУԶɽ֮˴Ӻͼ
֮ɽܹ֮µ̤㡰񡱾磬ȫԺͼĹֻ֪ͣһͼ
ˣϿЯŲٺͼƬ
أսеһһ۾һӱֻҪնɱ˴ӣҷǵԻôϢ͵е鱦ԻĺͼƬ
һ뵽⣬ϫУ˱ɱ֮⣬һḬ̤̃񾳣ޱȵջҲ޷ˡ
ɱһ֣ΣҲҪɱХЩȲҪڶսپˡ

Ȼһɲǣϫһӿһƻɬ֮ĽһնһƳ
ܼʱһҪ
䣡
һͬʱϫŲ͵һ̤¡һʱձ飬ƬضȻãһ񹂰εضƾո֣ȳ޾ģңӦһƬض֡
Щ񹂷ģܺǿգضӿһϢӿ⣬ʱգǬ
֮
˾ȻɲǼ䲼һ
һ󾪺쳹Щ̫Ͻ洫ӽ𾪣ɫޱȣԭҪɱǰӰҲסһ˿ɬϳƬأѾһƬɬص֮ƸǣΣ֮


1530 ᱦ֮ս
һ֮䣬һ񹂴
ڣϢ磬ɢֲϢһƬ֡
Ȼеš
ϫɽ״ӣǵ֪УϫҲֻѣ˭Ҳ޷Ȼɲ֮䣬ƾΪܹһ
ΪǸеԽܵǣ̫Ͻ̵ĵ̣񷴶ϫڴ˲ǣֱǡ
ɲΣһжѷ
֣ʮ̫Ͻ洫ӵӰԶУ޷ֻ֣ܸΪս
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ôʱϫȻҪȫԴǡ䱦ͭǮ׽ȡ
ϣֻϫƣ޷ɱС
ͬãͬؽԡ䱦ͭǮƿЩ鱦ˣ޷ȫɱϫ
ԭϣͬһסϫճʱһУϫɲǼһЩӽУʱڣ޷ṩ
ǹʣϫһɲǣҲĿ꣬ȻǴ
ߣСû뵽Ŷ̶²ʵزĪ̤ز
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ϫΣֳֵ֮֮Ӳ
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ϾҲҪϫȥάϵġ
ԣϫ֮ӣһ֣ʩչȫ

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һһɻɬأƸܹӵУ̫ɲ
һԺͼƬһȱͼУһѪյĲн̺ԴӱϫżȻ󣬾ʱĦջĶࡣ
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԰֮Ϊȫʩչһǵֱ޷ݣضһƬţΨԽĽ쳹
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ʱԼѾ֮ɱҪջشֻ¾Щˡ

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ʢУǾŭ֮˻쳹ٿˣɫŤһţӿŰƥ棬ֱҪٻ񷡣
䱦ͭǮˣ
֮һƣΪǿɱﵵûüӳͱϫû
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ʱĻҵһ˷ϫΧɱһŭ֣ٸұ


1531 ѪɱȺ
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ڣսѷɱȣ֮ϣ԰磬䣬ڳһҪ߳һ
ǻޱȵɵԼרſ̫Ͻ̵ĵ֮ηһС
ৣ
ϫˣɹ䱦ͭǮ޺֮ǣ˿԰˷ȺۣԲš

ɫĽŭأԣ⣬ݺύŰ˷ϡ
ɲ֮䣬սȫ汬

ɱ
ϫŨںڳ裬Ӱԣ񹂷ģһȫ
һһƿһɫɢֱһλ̫Ͻ洫նɱһΪе
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˱ŭɱ
ϫҲϵһи֣һȥԷӲûͷ飬ѪȻ飬Ѫ
죡һס
λ洫һ֮±ϫɱ𺧡ŭҹϫԿѡǳ
ɼˣȴ޷סϫ˵ɱˡ
ԭһ̵ĳϫ̫ǿƣ
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һУԶǿֲս񾳲УѴﵽΪ۷ĸ߶ȣѲС
Ҫ֪ǰ벽ʱͿԿ羳սһɱ
ڸոսʱڵѧԺ⣬ɱһԲͬھȺס
񾳽磡
ʦҡ˵ִ˾Կ羳ս񾳴ڷͥˣֻǶԸһЩ̫ϵӣࡣ
ΪҪǣĳϫڰжѴﵽ˼֮Ž񣬽ֻһʱ̤ز
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˵ΨٽЩ̫Ͻ洫֮ѡտսʱûЩӵľȻȫȫͶսܵӰ졣

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̫Ͻʮ֮ϣɫˮмһ㡣
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£ԲԹˡ

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ɶԳϫԣЩʬޱȣá
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ˡ
Ȼͷ֣һ󲨶һɹɿֲޱȵ֮ӿĳˮɢûƬء


1532 Ӳ
ɲǳؼ䡣
һ̣̫ϾʮؾһֲУﶼڰƺڳƺҪ
Ϊ
ѳ緶룬ֲ֮ǬɽӣΪ棬ܣ
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ৣ
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Ȼ͵һ޼ȫתԭʼԴЮϢƳطġ
һ̣ϫҲǲҵȫʩչ̤֮ӵеȫ̡
ΪһԾעĪ⣡
Ϊ񣬵һҪ棬һֹһλ

ৣৣৣ
һƬֲУղӳֳΰӰȻաѡӿյˡ
ֻѾͬͶ֮䣬֮һţƿصף֮߱ܡ
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Щӣɶ̫Ͻƿ
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ٸһʱɳ񾳴ڶκβˣ
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ƣԳϫʼ


1533 ̩
սڳԽԽҡ
ϫȫѹƣֻܵ޷ٻƺ᧿Σ
أ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫˣɫ԰ףһɿֲڣҪ˺ؼʱ̣޼תݺݽһűܿһ١

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ҲڴʱһִɱŤĺˡ
ԶԶȥͺЩڰϫæһɱһ

һĻÿҪۼͽʤȴͻȻȱʣĶڵѪ
ûлˡ
Ѻӿյ˵ɫҲޱȣɱ³ϫûʩչ߱񹦣Ҳ޻Ὣɱ
ΪڳϫǶԣɲģ
ߣ
ѱȣϡ
ӿյ˺ռˣ¼ȲʣҲֻѡ뿪ԭڣǵͣҲǸû취⡣
ৡڿգҪ뿪
ߣͬô
أϫǵĮһӲӵ˺ʱգƾ֮ǰ
ͬʱ͵ơ䱦ͭǮϢļ鱦Ҳǵ֣︡ǰ·ϣɱȥ
ˣΪסҵȣ
˼ˣð̣ζըȫЩ鱦һ𿪡
ܴӰ죬ǵжȴǳһ˿ɬ
ϫץסһ˿ݼŵĻᣬֳֵ̤֮նϣһնȥ


1534 

һͷԡ
һǳϫŭһ˼Ϊǳϫʩչһ
һ֮£Ҳ޷裬Ҳ޷Ҳֻܱף
֮ʢաѡӿյɫ䡣
¡
ǽֿȴһɣߵķƵġ
ȴϫٴαɱ£ٰ׷Ƴʢԣе֮ƿѪ
ֹˣִҲǳֶȥ
˵һ̣ѾȫתϫȨռݾƣ
ƴˣŭת֮£뱩ŭҪʧȥǣϫɱ
أ
ϧ˿̵ĳϫʩչ˱߱񹦺ѷܹ⣬һת㽫ݺˣѪֹ

Ѻӿյ˼ˣŭҪǰԮգǳͱΧ

ô˻ᣬϫ̧һٴμһӲӵĹһţһ̣ͽ

ϫ̤գ͵һɱ

վŭͫţܵһɴֲȫ׹ߣɴδԼһ֮
δӴӡԼǱߣҪɱڳϫС
һУ̼ɫŤԱҪͳϫƴʯ١
ۣ
ϧǸ߹ԼҲ͹˴˿̳ϫĿɲһֱնͷ­Ѫ
꣡
һ֮󣬳ϫɣ̽һץ͵ƣ޾𣬾ǽյʬ׷ٻһ˿Ҷʣ¡
һλ񾳴ڣһ̱ϫն
ϸϵġ֮ˣҲһϴС߱񹦡֣
Ȼ߱
գ
ˣ
һɲǣѺӿյŭѾˣѱϫն佣£ɵ̫Ͻ٣Ҳѽ
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ϣһҪĩ֮ģʱڣ
ŭ֮ϳȥһ˿Ǹʱһ£ǵ޷κγϫ˵Ҳ䵽ǰ³ˡ
ߣڣɣ
Уϫٴڿգɫһţǿȥ
أ
ѻӶƷˡ
ߺ޵ǣڴʱɱ
ⲻò˵һỊ̫̄ϽһֱСеƿغ֮Ϊ磬Թ֪˶ٳƽ٣޺˶޹顣
ڣΪ̫Ͻһڳϣȴȹؼʱ̣ӲڼӰϫĴæƵģЦ

ϫֽô˻ᣬٴνնɱѪÿգȾ͸ء
ӣ
һУϫȻתɨԶ
ӿյʩչŲ֮ʱգԼӶݣۼҪӳʮ졣
Ҳ˵˵ã֮ǰϫնɱʱһԲתȥʱİտν۷塣
ȴһ㣬Ȼû뵽ǿѾܵ˿죬Ҳû뵽ѲǱãǱӣձϫһնɱ
һУɸϫṩһ˿ᣡ
䣡
һ̣һִͻ͵Ľ˺գݺն֮ӿյˡ
Ķ㻹ҪϾɱ
ӿյ˲Σգɫ䣬͵Ӱһͼܿһɾոһƿն
ɫһòٴܡ

һһƿնƹ֮㣬ӿյκշתŲĻᡣ
¡¡
Σӿյֻѡ֮ӲȴһһӰģвڡ
ÿֵһɫͲ԰һ֡
ֱнҲ̲ס͵һѪ˶һҡҡ׹ĸо
Һãڵˡаһ͵ҧأٴӱ
ɾһתɲǣ͵һΪҰУȻϫ֪ʱ赲ǰ
㡭
ӿյ˾ŭʧ

ӭģûлش𣬶ͷһ⡣

ޱȵļУӿյ˱Ϊ룬ҲǲպͿѵĺ󳾡
ؼ䣬Ѫ޾Ѫȡ
̫Ͻеλ񾳴ڣʹ˱ȫɱжĿܣ
ͬҲζţ̤֮󣬳ϫ˿羳սɱǿߵһһһɱλ
һܿܿҲ֪ûθˡ

趯ʧȥĿ꣬ʱñһȺͷӬҡΣѰʲô
գǾǽĿ˳ϫϣ
ϫһݣȴҲ壬ڽʱЩע⣬շնһʹ͸®֪ˡ
ҲôʱնһЩˡ
ɻ֣Щ㻩һʧ뿪ˡ
óϫ΢΢һճһ
һһƣĸоʱӿͷڵľƾ㣬յܡ
ʱ䣬ϫüǲƵƣ֮ɫ
ǡ߱񹦡ĺ֢ԶʱʵһȴԾԴżΪصġ
һһʱУϫ˶ᴦһ֡״̬С
˿̣ϫʩչ֮߱ĺ֢δȫ汬ôʱ䣬Ӱ˸սеıһһջء
Ȼ񵶡ƷڽٽȱҲΪ˳ϫսƷ
ҷɡ
һУϫ˼⣬ǷҪô˻ǰʮ֮һˣڴʱһ
ʱ»Լڱϡ
û°ɣ
ϫһյ㣬Сķ£ʵ˵ʱϸ֪һµ״̬ƲԼôأʱһ
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ҡͷ̧ǿųϫ㡭û°ɣ
ϫɲǼһͷڷΪѩ׷ʱϢһ־˵ٶήȥҲΪǡ
ҲǱ߱񹦵ĺ֢жء
Ȼû¡ϫȻһЦ
µͷ񾲣ǹˣҲԵüΪϫްҲǷĲ١
ϫֻͬĻӣʱ˾ԶĬ˴ӣԡ
΢ȴԵúͣ˴жΪ̤ʵ
ȥһʮ֮ϰɣ֮ǰӦһͷޣҪȡرѹڴ˵һǡ
ǳϫȴƳĬ˵
µͷǺصһǣס˳ϫ֡
һɲǣϫһӿһĨڵů⣬ס²ȻһЦ¶һѩݡ


1535 ɽŸ
һս̫ϾʮڣѻһƬǽ塣
عѣ飬ɽӱΪ֮أһ߾ʬѪ֮УѪң͸һζ
һսУ̫Ͻʮλ洫ӷһաѡӿյλ񾳴ڣҲͷɱɵ
˵̫Ͻ֮еľ񶥼Ǳһ򾡣ΪµĿܡ
һУԶԳϫֱʣ

գʱսƽ
ϫ²Уе忡ͦ㣬ѩ˪Ůڷ磬һٳ
ܿ죬˱ʮ֮ϡ
˵ػһƬֻ㴣һϵ̳Լһׯ
ԭ̫Ͻܾ֮ڣźƽٽ٣̫Ͻ뿪磬˵Ҳˡ
ء
ӿʵտһƬӳĵô˵ž
ϫִڴʱʱʶĸо
Լһβмĸ׳µУӳֳĻ档
ǰĳ̫飬̫Ͻ̽ʦܣڴ˵غ̫ϽйһԻ
ҲһԻ̫֮Ͻɱ̫顣
ԭֻһ̫鲻ԸУҪطϹ򣬵ȴ̫ܵϽķԣʶ֮˳ͻ
񣬳ϫ̤˵أʶľ󣬽ס˸׳˺͸һ뿪ѩ
Ϲ򡭡Ƿѵִˣ
ϫãסһ̾
ʱ뿪ʱµԣֻҪúñܺͼƬִϹ֮һ֮ա
һηأ޸㶯ǰĩ֮򡭡ҵҪϹ򾿾Ǹʲôڣ
ϫһһĨȻ˾ϡ
֪޵걻ѹ
һԵºȻʵִ˵غ󣬱һֱѰȴδʲô
֮¡
ϫ̧һָԶһƬ磬ХϢǳܳ봣һɫԻߣһȨ
֮ǰҲȴû뵽ޱߵһǣᱻѹ֮ˡ
˵ʱӰһǺɫ֮ǰ
뿴ʱΪͨͨںڣҹ֮ɫûκεĵΣȴһļµĿֲϢ
ǲӵУ֮ϵ̫ϽµϢڤڤϣͻͲɱӣ
ৣ
ϫûκγɣ֮ݺն
նһʱȻ˻˵аԼ̤̫ϽɽţܿһĻֻ»ο֮ɣ
صһ⣬˵Ϣǵ˳ϫһ

ȳϫжһĻٿȻӿ֣һӰ
һӰߴ󣬻ϣ֮ף֮ͷųǬڵϢ
̫Ͻ
һӰϫһݣͫ͵ץסµŲƵ˼Զ
ܿ죬ϫע⵽һӰʵһƾӡĴڣκΣա
гһ˵ʵԼΪţ̫ϽڣǺ޵֮Կ
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֪ǲ̫Ͻɵӭ϶ԷĿʱϫɽסһɼ¶
üͷһ壬һתΪһƾºݺĨɫŻָ糣
ϫ㣿
̫Ͻٴ쳹ף͸һָƵľš
δıйϢǴδ©ʱľ˼·;ɽеԶС
óϫһȻΪ̫ϽڿƭԼΪȫûбҪ̫ϽΪλ˹עԼ
óϫļµĹؼڡ
ص棬ҿ϶ڹŪѡ
ϴϫвһůµ˵ͷʾԼް
ҲòϣӵкͼƬ֮Ѿȫɽܱȣ֮УҲһܿ񡣡
̫Ͻڣвһ˿ɫʣ͸һϣϧڣҲζԼˡ
˵⣬Ȼ΢΢һЦ˵һ£վ̫СֻֻһȺС΢飬ֵһɹնɱץʱϹɣͬϵĺͼһ˿ȤϣĪҪĩ֮ˡ
̫ϽӰԽԽؼ䡣
һУٴعž
ϫԭأüͷ뵽˼
̫ϽΪλһ־
ѵѲµԼˣˣΪβú֣Լɱڴˣ
֮ǰ˵Ļʲô˼
һ̣ͷ˼ɣ޷ݳһԼĴ𰸡
ض룬̫Ͻǹʲ޷ִ˵أԲῴһӡˡһԵ˵
ϫһӳ˼ѹΣվҪǰϹһ˵ģ̫Ͻ˻ǷвгһգҲȥɱ
أ
δ£һ쳹Զһɫһ̺Ȼ顣
һûãƬضһζʱտʼÿ񱩣͸һɱļ
ֹˣһ̣̫ϾʮеһУȫ𵴣飬ңһɲѷ졣
ã̫Ͻɽ֮Ҫˣ
һԾڡ
Եһ¡
˵ʱϫӰһʧԭء
ߣ
κ󣬳ϫӰأץסµ֣һʩչŲ֮ٿȻ뿪

¡¡¡¡
֮µһУڱ޺Ȼһ춯صѣ
ͷŸ֪֮ɨȥƬ̺͵ʧ죡̫Ͻ̵ɽžȻôܣ
޳𺳣̫Ͻʮ̫ʱ񣬲֪ܹٴϮȴûһܴ˵̫Ͻɽš
ڣȴȻֳ֮ƣ
⾿˭쵽ģ
ѵǸСӣ
ߣ
৵һ޻ع񣬾ͿϫӰƿնʱףһлпСӰ쵽ģ
һʱ֮䣬ƾһκˣȻ汻쵽ˡСӾ˭Ȼܹһ̤ƽ̫Ͻɽţ
ʲôߣ
ϫüȵ
һɲǣ޳ûзŭؿ˳ϫһۣŲʮﷶΧӴϫıϣʱգתȥ


1536 Я
ѧԺ⡣
һԷͬѰѧԺۼӰ糱ˮ飬ɽ˺
פڶɳеѴһ£Ҫڽչ̫Ͻ̵ķ¾õǰͷӦˡ
ǰϾǳϫԺҾ͵شˡ
ļ˴εжѾ®֪ԯƾѧԺϿɣǰ£ǰȻȻܾˡ
ϣ˰ɡ
Ⱥ۷׷ףԶĿ˵ѧԺУ¶ϣ֮ɫ
ЩɽľƷ仯̫Ͻ׷׳ɽ磬伣ЩͶѧԺһʱ˻ᣬ׷Ҫ󷴹̫Ͻ̣¶ضɽƿȨ
ֱգֺﵽ˿ǰ߶ȣһ׷ԸٵȺȥ
£Ǿֻһ£ŸԲɱɳǣԭ̫Ͻƿصɽչ

񹬡

ǰֱ֪®ԯƾѧԺϰԼڤ硢һ
ЩҲǰ׼˴ж
ϾɽһƬã̫ϽչĴʱҲԸȾѻˡ
λʦУʱѧԺеһ񣬿ɴ˴¹شһʲô˭Ҳΰ
κ̾ڣʵҲ޳չжȴҪ̫أš
ԣЩǽԽס¶һĨʧ
ǺжǣһȳϫʱǸû취
Ҫɣûʲôԥġ
ʱһöͳڴ𣬰޳ٻӰƮȻ
᰾Ȼæ
һڴˣԶ¶һĨϲɫǿݷͬѰǳϫĵ¡
˴ܵõϿɣǳɹ˴롣
ʦĸôƺȴЩԥ
ǵжʧ𣿡ֱӴϵ
ҡͷɽƼΪʺϷ̸ϻʧҲòһ㡣
ǵıʦ֪ţ᰼ʵ
Ƭ̣Цˡ
㻹ԥʲô
ᰵԺʦ뿪ѧԺԺм򲻿ѶϣԥֻԼѵز
һʱղѣֵʦĸ̻ǣ׸ôˡ

Ƭ̺һڴڵѧԺ⡣
һĻԭۼѧԺȺԶѣѿԴӦж
ǰģҵȶʧ
ԣжҵģر̫ϽռɽĲ黹
ǰ׿ϣӶ޲ɱʮ죬̫Ͻϳ
˵̫ϾգԹ֪ǰҪ̫Ͻ̵ɽŸ֮أսԶʧܸգ¿ɲҿЦ
࿪ڣܲѡ
ˣҲǺɣڣ͵һȻԶ
䣡䣡䣡
Ҳڴʱһ춯صĺӼԶ羪׳գʮء
һɲǣڳѧԺЩǻѧԺˣҲɫһͣɫ΢䣬Ŀ˼Զ
һӰٿȻԶи֣գһƬƯĴ½
ǣ
뵹һǺȻ֣һӰȻһͷӴޱȵĿֲޣ
ƹͷ­ףһƺ޴󣬻һһ̫㡣
һ֣͸ڳ˴һɿɲѹ֮ٴɫ䣬¶ɫ
顢®֪ˣ˿Ҳһޣ죬Ǿһͷ̫ʱڱѾֵĺޣ
ʲô
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һƢڴȣҪȥɱ
жͱһ®סס֣ûޱϻӰ
˻һڳҲһ㶣ϸȥȻͿ֮ϣӰ̫ӴӳĵӰСϰ㣬ǸղŲδע⵽
һ̣ڳ˶Ӱ䵱һӰģʱ˽Զ
ǣ
ǳϫԺ
ͷʲôʱɰɫˣ
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һ̣Ҳϳ˳ϫݣһͷѩ׷ʱԶסһԼоֻڳϫϷĳЩ顣
ܿ죬ǵעͱϫŮ
һͷں㷢촽Ө󣬼ʤѩãͳϫһɳȻʥضȻʧɫ
òԺִһλ°ɣ
®һ˴ŵЦһγϫʱ᰺ͳŵһΣִһԲλŮӣ˸ѡ
ԣҲȻ֪®ڿЦ
˵Ĳ
ǣȴ̾ڣ˵ǵȷʦĵ££Ů洵Ĵˣ˼ʱǱΪˣһһг°
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ڴʱӴӰֶͣھ֮ϡ
ϫ´һԾ£ߡ
ݼԺ
ݼʦ壡
˼ˣγƵģæ
ǾۼѧԺȺҲ빪ϫ
һʱ֮䣬ضڻصųϫ֣׳ޱȡ
»ͷһľ棬סϫ˿ϲϲĿ
ϫų˵Ҫʲô
˵ʱĿһɨѧԺˣסü
ˣæԭ˵ˣ˵ֲʦ壬ѷأ»ɡ
һУϫ¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
ʦ壬ѵʲôף
ϫ⸱鱻鿴УȴǽסһΪϫԼľٶܲ⡣
ĿҲ˳ϫ㷲
Ҳǻˣĳϫ֮ߣиǹһѧԺǺӵļƣǵĴڡ
®ǻ˲֪£Ҳȳϫ˲֪꣬ҲڳϫǰˣԳϫʱнԶѴһĨη
ճѧԺ˵ĿҲˢˢϫнŲѡ
ڴˣϫȴҡͷλؽţҲҪж
ԣ˽Զһ
ʦ˼ǣסʵ
Ͱ˵ȥ졣
ϫ򣬿οصʧ̫ϽɽѾ𣬸ȫ䣬ɽв
ʲô
˻һȫ𾪣һڴʧ


1537 ֮
̫ϽɽŸ
̫Ͻһڶַ
ϫ仰£ȫţдԶͫţʧ
˻˵ǾԻ֮Աǣмһˣ˵Էһ
仰Ǵӳϫ˵Ƿ;Բͬˣû˸ȥɣҲûҪȥɡ
ΪɽУԳϫݺ͵λע˵ÿһ仰ɣһ㣡
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ÿ˶ΪϢ𺳣þ޷
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񣬾Ǵץסʱչȫ淴ʱ򣬳ϫȴǣ̫ϽɽŸ𣬸ȫ˭ܲ𺳣
ʱ򣬳ϫ»һۣ㼴Ȼתȥ
ŵλԽߣԽʢϫѷ֣ԼѲʺǰ㾭ͷ¶棬Ϊÿγ֣Ȼ羴Ŀ⣬̾Ļ
˶ԣһѵõҫ
ɶԳϫԣȴеģһָߴʤĸо

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죬һиòᶼǳϫԺһΪɣ
϶ǳϫԺֱʣѡһ̤ƽ̫ϽɽŵĴڣ˳ϫԺ˭ʤΣ
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֮ڳ˲γƵģ̾ѡ
һ̣顢֪®ԯƿյһڴҲĳþ޷ƽ
һ£У˭ǳϫ֣֮
ƽ֮£һһˡҲԲΪ
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أһڣԺԳ֣ѽ̫ϽɽŸ𣬸־նڣҵȷĴʱĳֻһ䣬ɸս񣿡
羪ף¡¡ؼ䣬ڳ˽ԶѪȣսⱼӿ
ս
ս
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뻮һźȻ쳹𵴾ʮء
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ȡ

һ죬͵ѧԺγ˹ϵĸһڴ뿪ɳǣչ˷ж
֮ƴһӺ䶯ɽ磬ܿܿܲѡ
ͬһ죬ϫһ̫̽Ͻ̣̤ƽʮ죬նɱ̫ϽһڸֵϢҲһ־˵ٶɢ
һʯǧˣɽһʷǰȻ󲨣ϫָǳΪ˽ֵĻ⡣
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ƺŲ֮ɽ緶ΧڣҲûɳϫЩһ֣ŭݺݴѹȥ
ǳϫ֣Щ޵ԷΪɴ˱֪ϫɽеѴﵽ˺εȳߵĵز

̫ϽɽŸһڸַӰˡ
һɽʼ̫Ͻɽе
ڲʱɽѰٲһ̫Ͻͽ
ʱУϫһֱǳߣڵ

Ŷ硣
ɽģȡ
һƬԡ
үүԺҲҪһˣһ߰Сͯڳϫߣ۾ӶС첲ᶨڡ
Сһǳ껵±ûͷԵģ۾鶯ۿɰ
ϫЦ٩ô˵ҪѴүүӵһ˵ıȥඣ
±ٺЦֵͣòС
ߣүүᣬִţƤءܿܿһԺߵȳ±ϼֵ꣬ޢ껪ͤͤ
±ʱˣųܿܿУ
ðȻңܿܿһü̧־;ס˳±䣬۵úһ۴УᶼˣĲѡ
㲻Ҫһôģܿܿʵ
±ҲˣҪڶˡ
Ϊʲôڶˣܿܿ
Ϊܿܿ㣬ĸҳƵһ±С˼͸磬һƨźۼ˹ȥ
ܿܿʱüЦΪ
ϫһԿЦѣΪ֮֡
ʱ¡ᰡŵ뵽˾Ŷ磬͵ܵܳ껡䣬ӳ°ֶ褡һѾסһ
ÿָ죬ľ񵭣Ȼ
үүȥ棡
أ±Զף۾һ˳˹ȥ
Ҳȥ
ܿܿҲһȸԾȥ
ԶֹףлëСܰǻСǡ׿ĸһھŶ棬Сƨ±Сӳܿܿϲ
Сһˡ
ϫӣȻѡ
һԶ
ŵŵ°һСѾ˺ҪҲץʱѰһ£㿴ܿܿɰᰵ
Ҷ˵ٴˣҲŲҪأŵ¶ܻζ
Ϊʲô̫ˣĻҲͣˣᰵһ
ǣֻǡŵˣҵһˣҲޣȥˡ
վסܻ
ûãϫͿһõشԶ
ЦŵŵѾˣԼͲΪˣο޵֮УûԸ޽µġ
һ̾㲻ġ
ϫԭ
أҲԶʤѩɫ񾲡
һɲǣ᰺ܿ£ֹˮ
Ů˱˴˻һۣԶû˵ʲôһʱЩơ
ϫʱձ᰺Ҳֹһ棬ÿһ˾âƵģ˭Ҳ˭ϫҲһͷۡ
ף˵ʱҪ뿪ˣ
Ƶûгãͱһƣǳ°ˡ
óϫһţ
뿪
º仰ȴǲԼͬɫԶЩȻܾŶ磬Դ㣬һС
񱻳°ἰ£жʱԶһ
ʱѾˣϣͨϹֻͨ¾ͽرˡϫش
ЩѵͬʱҲδţΪԼ뿪ǰĩ֮׼ѿǵ˲ò뿪ʱ
ʲôʱߣ̲סʵ
ұǰѧԺȰźк£ϫƬ˵
ºٴסôҪ뿪ˣ


1538 ¾㱸
̫ϽɽŸѾȥꡣ
ʱУ̫飬ĸҲȻ˷츲صı仯
ڳϫ£ѧԺһڴɽٽͥ
Щ̫ϽвµһʱѧԺγ˹ϵĸԶл棬εɽǧŰ޵ƿߡ
ɽƿأٲȻγԵѧԺΪĸ֣
֮⣬ѧԺеĴ·һ·˼磬ȫɨϮ˼Ǭ
һ·ڳϫ£ִڤ磬ЭȪۡþŮһ𣬸ƽڤңضܵظ˾ʮޡŵŹءڤѪӵƿȨʹһת
˵ʱУ̫Ͻͽնɱ֮еڳϫľƿ£õЧֹиգٵļ
Ⱦ仯Ƿˡ֮гϫʱңͽκΡĸ̾ճ磬⣬硣

һв֮꣬ϣŻɴڻҲζţһϯĺƽٲδ
ܿܿͷϵһ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱٴν٣ձ
Ѿˡ
ѧԺ֮ϣ鷢пĻҶѸƽԽԺܳһʱ䣬벻̫Ͻ̡Ϯˡ
šϫͷ
ʱ䣬һֱھŶѣⲢζеһ˽⡣
Щش񣬻ᣬ˼硢ڤؽͥԶԳϫ
ʦ壬Ҫ뿪ˣ鿴ųϫ
뿪
ϫͷû취飬ϣòҹƣһ꣬ͨϹ·ͻᱻգ֮ǰұҪȻִĩ֮˷Ѱٵһͨ·ˡ
ˣ׳ϫҲпԣסʵ뿪֮أЩأ
⣬ϫѿǹ˵Ҵһ뿪
˵⣬ŤͷЦſ飬Ҳصʲô뿪⣬ȥѰºᰵİ
ο֮⣬ѧԺе®֪ԯƾһͬҲȻȫ֧ѧԺάϵ򡣡
šͷʦıˡ
ϫ붺ҲˣΪϫʵѱƽڣƽ֮£һ̤һҲɲ뿪
ˣǰжܹмѰٵͨϹ;
ʦ㿴ȻԶˡ
ϫһȻͿһϮȹԶȻнסӿһĨ
Դϴδ᰻֮󣬰Լ̬ȴ䣬һֱŲԼ⻹ǵһı档
ˣʶȤ뿪оֻʣ˳ϫͰ㡣
һһϮȹ㣬˫ָƵؿųϫ˵Ҫ뿪ˣ
ϫͷţ㣬ҡ
˵꣬ϵϫ㻹ǵõ˼ʱŵӦһô
ϫ㱼˼֣ԼͰʳ֮ѳĳ˰Ϊ˾ԼľΪֵʥһĳˡ
һĻĻĿ
Ƶڳϫͷɢ
ҵȻǵáϫᶨĿγŰ㡣
ǺãҪӦ顣һһشޱȵľóһݸ˳ϫ
һУתƮȻȥ
ϫûǴϱֻһּ´ټ棬Ҫ㵱ȫ˵桪Ȣҡ
ɲǼ䣬ϫкݺһ𣬸纣Хӿǻֽסһ£
ãҴӦ
仰ϫû˵ڣһԣгرƽ
ʲôҲûˡ
ʲôͷҲûˡ
һκϲá
֮󣬳ϫСպãûи߰㣬ղżʱĵһ仰ʱ¶һļġ

գŶ硣
Ȼǰĩ֮򣬵ͬЯǳʾݶģͬųͻ𡣡
Сڣһǰƽ
ϫȴһ˿ػζˣΪǳѾòϣʾݶʹðɡ
ĩ֮һΪصƽٱԴȪ֮أиһͨϹͨ
ϫĩ֮˽⣬ҲֻڣΨ񾳴ڽУдĿܡ
Ҳζţ緶ڵƷһĩ֮򣬱ųͻ
֮µһбֻҪĩ֮򣬾ͻʧȥԭӵеܡ
֮ǰĩ֮򣬳ϫֻЯ񱦳䵱Լ
Щϣӵ˽䱦ͭǮĪ񱦡
͵ơϢ鱦ԭ֮ѹ黹
աѡӿյлõİڽٽ񵶡Ʒඵơӡƺ«ȵȱᰡ껡°褡ŵˡ
˵ھǰĩ֮ʱϫǽòϵıԶѣԼֻʣȼ񱦡
ȻѾҲǿ㡣Сڶ㽫磿
ϫͷڣ뿪֮ܳ׷ġ
ĵڶѾʥ۷徳磬ֻһܿУһħεڣ
С˵ʱĳϫֻҪͷںϣ֮飬һ̤񾳣ȼ첻֮ǣ֮ǿ󣬾Գ
ɳϫǾܾˣȻԣĲ磬ĲЩѣ翴̫ƽʵƽ֮ϣҲһҪԭ
СϫѾ㲻ȰҪģĩ֮Ĵڣѳ緶룬Ҳ˼ĵλûʲô𡣡
ϫȻ֣СƺԵЩ£Դǿƽˮʵ򴦴ΪԼǡ
СȻҲһ㣬˵һ֮󣬶ʱ죬Ĭԡ
ãСƸоЩأʱͷˣҪ߱ߣαԥԥģϽߡ
ϫЦаʼգƺɣ

ҹ
¼ϫټһ𣬾һϯδ֮ԼҪ뿪Ϣ
ΪڶУҲûҪ˶֪ϢΪԼǡ
Ψ¡ᰡ껡°褡ȼϫһϯĿģΪЩӡ
ϯ֮󣬳ϫȻ뿪Ŷ磬˵ѧԺǱһ̤񾳣㼴ǰĩ֮
չǰȴҴҶһкһ벻Ϣ


1539 ֤
Ƚг˹ȥʦ壬ڤȪģ˵ԶУҲԭ
ϫʱףװڤ¼аʡ
ѵǵô¡Упһ䣬ԭ췵ڤһˣʡһ
Ͼڤ¼аǵڤ֮ӡս⴫Уǿǽɰʧ
ųϫΪʶսǺεȵǿһգɱκκųơ㲻بŲࡱĴڡ
УȻҲ
ҲֲõڤۻܵΧɱսĴڣעܶԲ
ǻһϢôϫʵ
ͷǡ˵ţóһݸ˳ϫ

ϫüë򿪣ݣнסһ
Ȼ̤ʥ½ţƽٱʦѾڵȱ˵Ĵ£ǰĩ֮
ڻʸӰӡġ㡢ˣ̤ʥУʱ޷ǰͳϫϡ
лעһȱõؾУؾѷգΪǱܺƽϮ
ҲζţǵһƽĻ̤ʥڵˣһؾС
Ů洵һһ뿪رɫ磬ΪͬҲǱܿһƽٵϮ
һУϫвȻʧ
ʦȱһ̤ĩ֮򣬶ʸӰӡ㡢̤ʥһһؾС
ڤڤһε谭Щһ㣬ӽɽ֮󣬱ÿһζʧۣ֮޷ı档

𣬳ϫ㿪ʼչأ񾳡
񾳣ͬͬΣЩϫҲɽʦĵ伮һһģ񾳴߱ܡ
һԣֻһͳĳƺţʦļ⣬֪񾳴ڣ·Ρ
ֱǶ΢񡢶񡢶֮磬ֱȫͬ
񡾶΢񡿣̤񾳺ĵһؾ磬ִ˾ǿеġ𡱣ֱ𡱣ܹա֮
񡿣Ͷ΢ǫ̈̄ͬƿء֮
ϣǡ񡿣ܻԪƿء֮
Щ磬Զ̫ʱڵϳֹʦᣬһ𶴹ƿš֮
֮ϣ˵иߵĴڣǵȾѲʦܹ˽⡣
Щڻеħ飬Լɽ֮ˡŮ洵֮Ů洡̫Ͻվ֮ϵĴڣ
һУܹףеȷоԵģй񾳵Ĵз̫ϡëǣҲֻɽŮ洵̫ϽУء
ɴҲ֪ҪǺεѵһ顣
֮Уܹǿһ뢣꺱ľ޴ڡ
ڷ֮ʱ̫Ͻ洫͢ЦͣҲֻ̤ܰ񾳵ϣǵ֮ϡ
ϧΪϫĲ֣Ҳǹһ֤ʧ֮ۡ
֮񾳴ڣ⣬֮У߱Ҳѳ緶롣
ˣŻᱻϡ֮λ
ܿܿԣ񾳴ڣȷƵǡϡ

ڳϫԣѲһѵ顣
ַʽ̤񾳣һ߱ǽ֮߱ǽͷںϣ̤͡ز
ڵ֣ͼˣƾΪǱȥͻ񾳣
ǰַܹóϫʱ̶̤УһַҪϫȥһЩʱȥˡ
ҲôѣӵһġԭʼԴӵС޼񹂡УӵС񼫾Ϊټõġ֮һۺǱ߱޽ӽ
£ϫҪƾǱ̤زҲˮɵ顣
ǹʣϫѡ˵ַ񷽷
ӵеĵ֮飬˵ڶܣֻ¡ᰡ顭ǳ񾳣Ὣǡ
һҲųǰְ취
ôϫҲֻϣԼܹܵذԼˣνࡣ

ˡ
ڳϫչص죬һεĻɬ֮͵غ꣬ڵ۽յͨ
ԼܹһƻҪԾ
ڡȼ𡱣
ֻҪһ͡𡱣̤㶴΢С
һ̣ϫɫ£ϢƮÿһƤӿϢ

֮ڵʱϫ͵شȡ

¡¡
һ̣⣬ɫ䣬ȻһУǲ񷣬кھһͷ𣬳ɫɫɫɫɫڣͷųɲޱȵѹ
ѧԺ˶׷ͣжȥĿһĻԶĿ࣬ޱȡ
ԺҪ̤𣿡
ٴԼµĳֿܣֹ
ЩΪµĵӣһɲǣĲݣԺһƬհףе壬ڵء
һĻֲ̫һϵ֮ٲ񷣬תǵƣѰ޵ܹ

ûãٴ䷢֮ϣŴĲŻƺʲô͵ز
Ȼһִޱȵ¡¡£飬Ĵ٣Ҫеˡ
ãԺʱţֻҪһ񣡡
˲Ȼɫ䣬ȻѣȴȥֹʲôΪʵҲֻǿؼֵǷȱ
һɲǣɽǧŰ޵޵ߣҲע⵽һĻ
ǳŲĲŻٴθգһζʲôѵǳеĺƽֽϯˣ
𾪣֪롣
ৣ
ޱѹֵУȻһӰ𣬻ԣһ̫ɽȽȽ𣬳ʢޱȣӳҰС
ǣ
ƺǵѧԺԺϫ
죬Ҫʲô
ɽ𶯣Ȼѣ³һʢӰݡ
䣡
ǻع񣬾ͿһʢӰ̽һץͷͷжʱץסȻ飬꣬һӰȡڡ
ͬʱ£ҪһʢӰǡ
ߣ
ɾڴʱһʢӰ͵̧ͷϵһγһһһޱȣͻĽϯһ춯ص쳹𵴾ʮء
ȻĿע£һ׷ױնϣ׹䣡


1540 ƿնȥ
һ֮£նϡ
ӵȥͿһִĺɫ类նϵ߰㣬׷״֮׹䣬ġ
ǿ֮һ־Եƿأ磬£񣬾ϫһն飡
ɽ𺳡
һƽٽ֮鲼е񾳴ڣ۶Զǿдߣ޷
ʱ˶ע⵽ȴĿĵĻ档
ҲǶǺƽ֮һĵĿ־壬֪һƽ֮£񾳶޲ߣֻԴС
˭룬ڽ죬ȴ뿴ϫӰڿնһն
ӵкεȿֲΪܰ쵽һ

֮ʣϫ̤ͣնϡ
ʢԣнնһ·棬Щٶµ׷ױն飬޷赲ϫ
أأأ
һһ춯صı쳹ɽǧŰޣ޶ģĶǡ
ԺȻҪ뿪ˡ
ѧԺУһڴ֮࣬Ҳ㱲ѣӿ಻ᣬȴȥ
Ϊһ죬ϫ뿪ģ
Ϊ·ֻ̤ܳĸ߶ȣԣվ̫СΨ뿪Ϲ򣬲ĵ;
һ̵ĳϫٲȻΪɽĿĽ㣬˼硢ڤҲĿעӵһĻ
𺳡
̾
š
ӣĿһʷǰ漣ǰݡ
֪ԳϫΪһԻʱͽڽĻҫĴ棬ľӡΪأΪ
û˸ȥ⣬ԺǷ񻹻ܹԽϫĸ漣
˶ݹ£ԱֹЩɸľۼ֮ߣܹﵽԽϫ߶ȵģҲֻôһС˰ˡ
ϫ
֣ҲעΪ޷ĥһӡ

λͬ뱣أٻᣡ
֮ϣϫǳȻ쳹ʮأصɽǧŰУƵģò
Ȼܿܿע£ϫǳʢεӰƿһԾ뵽ǲŻ֮ڣʧ
ˣ
в֪ΪΣƾһɼʧУȻĬǲŻþò
ء
ףһҪ
ԺȥԼ;ɣԺǿĺܣ
һ̣ЩϫѣЩѧԺʦе޵߽ԶΪϫ
Ϲܾ֮أ֮أܾúܾǰڻеһЩ̤񾳵Ĵ뿪硣
񣬳ϫҲ뿪硣
һҫ
ͬҲһȫµĵ;ǰ·ããδ֪
ϫǷܳɹ̤򣬵ٴ֮


һɽд󣬲ǰš
ϫϥɽϣĿɨܡ
Ż֮󣬳ҰеľһƬãã磬޾ͷ
ӦһʱڤڤҲ֪ʱִܵĩ֮СϫջĿ⣬г
˵غһ·ϱΣգţɽƿյκ졣
Щ񾳴ڣ񶼱ǿƴĩ֮Ȼ֮ˣҲ֪ʦʦǣǷѰȻеִϹˡ
һϫҡҡͷֻϣҵִʱһͨͨǧرˡ
ĩ֮򣬺ƽı֮Դͷƿ֮˲֪ٵ񾳴ڡ
һжעһƬ֮أ
ϫɣЩץߵ񾳴ڣһѰٲͨϹͨ·ֻýĩ֮ˡ
£Բҵˡ
ϫʵѽ΢񡱾磬ȼ֮еȫתΪ˽͸Ļɬ֮
ʵаǧţڸ£ĩ֮Уֻ¾ͻΪͨĴˡ
Ͼֻ񾳲ִܵ򣬶ϫŸ̤񾳶ѡ
˴ν񾳣ƾǻޱȵ޵ȴʵõ˼ɱ䣬ѸͬĶ΢Կ
Ҫ֪ʱһնɱաѡӿյλ
̤񾳣߱ƣѷѰɱȡ

΢񾳽ĺôˣϫУ֮ͬԶѰ΢ܹȡ
ȼ֮һУ㲻ȼһ͸
Ѱ΢ȼԶԶﲻһġ
ΪҪǣڳϫܣһɡơ
΢ԲӵеģΪ⡰ơԺͼƬ֮Уں֮ǰѳΪ˳ϫһ֡
ʱơкξãȴֻܸܵҪƵĴڣԼɱ궼ĥ
֮⡰ơһ߲ɺıף˳ϫܣֺ
񣬵ϫȼһơٴθ֣䣬ܣһƻɬķģԵùء
ĴڣҲζţֻҪϨϫڣ
ͬΪ⡰ơķɿܵľ޴ʣҲעϨ
һ㣬Ͳ΢ܹġ

֮⣬ϫƿص̤֮Ҳѵõɱ䣬֮
򣬱ƿصĴ壡
֮·ĵϡ⡢򡢴ơʥ򡭡ԶǶԴһڹ͡
̣ԿǶԴǳһ̡
򣬱֮ϵһִ壬ǳ緶һ֡֡
ֱ֮
֮ҲǷͬ࣬νǧв֮ͬ·ϣߵǡߵǡߵǡȵȵȵȡ
ϫߵǡ֮
УںС̫Ρ١ʱ䡢ռ䡭ȵȴ壬ǰ󣬰
Ϊ⡢սꡭȵȷľɱ䣬ϫȫܵ񾳴ڵ߱кεȿɲѾ߱˻Ϊ棬Ǭܣ

ڳϫ񣬽Żʱ֮⣬һƬããУȻһӲӵ⡣
Ȼһɫ⻯һضϵľᣬɢبƬУܹǾȻһȻޱȵ֣
ЩһУһУǶڻе飬ųֲͬƣĪϡ
֮Уٴ񣬵֤λȻһصӳ֣һɫᡣ
ţ־Ȼ޷֪֮̽һصٿȻһɵĿֲԣڣٴһɫᡣ
գҲһ񣬼Ϊʵر۾ٿȻʧǻ֮С
ǽɫϣһ֣͸ȫͬ˸ʲô
ֱһ־һʧǽɫϣƴûгֹһ


ʮ Ϲ


1541 ٿ
ĩ֮ƽԴ֮ڡ
̤·ҲѻͷҲζţ˴ѰٵϹͨ··ѡ
·ᴩռ䣬һƬɳУںʱĺ
һƬϫϥϣϴ󣬷ûоͷƵġ
һжһµĿʼ򲻿ɵˡϫһٶ룬һΧ͸ֳ񱦡
һλðĴ
öŽӲԵͭǮ
ɽ֪һ˼鱦Уʮλ
˱Ī⣬ԲԴۣˣɽ֮˱ƾսһٶ˺ͼ
䱦ͭǮڶʮλ˱죬ֻҪõ価һк鱦鱦УҲں֮
񣬳ϫϵ񱦣ԼĽԼӡս⴫еڤ¼аʣֻʣ鱦ˡ
˿̣ϫ⣬ö䱦ͭǮͬʱܣһ̤֮ʵ
ˡ
ϫ۾ʶеĺͼƬƮĹ⡣
ȻһƵͼӺͼƬϸֶ
ͼϣֻһһȾѪʺΣһ뽹ڣܵش
̤񾳣ΪһĶ΢񣬿ɵȱͼʱϫɲⷺһ˿Ĳ
һƾη־оԼϰ㣬԰ġԲΪȾѪнǰҲԵò԰
ΪȾѪнϢ̫ɲ飬ֻһͼҲԽǺӣնɱ
ϢҲܹӵС
ϫɣȾѪнʱֻʮλġ֮ܶᲢۣ
ĽΪԲ̫ãһȱͼǿҾ̤㽣֮زˡ
ϫϢ񣬽ڲȱͼϣĲ
⼸УҲʱ˲ȱͼΪͻͽӶһսб˾׵ս
Ⲣѽȱͼеһжգɴ˱֪ȱͼεֻ֮óϫһЩΪһĻֻ֪¸ȿֲˡ
ʵҲˣȱͼϵµһңΪԺͼ֮У
ڽ֮ϫһֱһоֻҪͻƴ˾ƺͻᷢЩ仯
˵ǰĽһĻۣôһ̤㽣֮Ǿһʵɱˡ
ϫڴ

ʱţ֪ǹȥһࡣ
һ죬ϫȻ۾
䣡
һɲǣͻȻƬҲʱŤһƬһжݱ
ĻϫϲǷһĨĵЦ⣬Ҫˣ
ҰУǻҲʱȻֳһ޴ޱȵС
ĺڶ˺Ż磬һȦȦóϫܵһɳѹֺϢĸо
ֻҪɹУԵִĩ֮ˡ

һɬĻӿһƷâųϫ޽ǻֻһͻͷ­
бĿֲ£ޱȡ
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ϫܣЩɫ̫ܼԶǴޱȾ޴бƾܣռͷǱС
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ڴˣϫ治ɫ촽ڣʼգӰͣ
ʱƣԽԽУܵĹҲԽԽܼ꣬Ƭ򶼸ǡ
Щҝ⣬Ҳ֪ǺεޱȣϫǿߣܵһĪѹΣ
ݡ
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תҝ⡣
ޱǿ˺ƬͨŤҪɱһС
ϫӰ˸δ֮ӲӲ˳֮ǰУͬʱɵ⡱ת֮Ще
Ϊһϴĳ񾳴ڣϫƿϣѾﵽ˲˼ľ硣
Ť˺֮סΨһеֵģЩϱĻҝ⡣
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쳣ɲ֮ǰһУǿҲ޵顣

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ͬʱϫӰ͵һݣƿ谭Ƭһͷ֮С
ҵıըѿ죬Ƭ򳹵ױңݣγһʮֿµ
䣡
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ߵķݣ¡¡׹뵽

Ƭ̺
һƬ޴ĻУصһһӰĵ
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֮ǰһУجΰ㣬տɲȺǿɱҪΣա
ΪһԶضǿŤתʱգ磬ԲĻҲ޷⡣
ĩ֮ˣ
ϫһһֲ˼ٶȻָţĿء
һƬҰΪ󣬲һƬɽľ죬һƻɬĻ
ףȻ½ӿһ٣
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֮Լ֮ʱڴˡáˣ
ݡ
ڴʱԶһ󲨶һҫޱȵĳɫ˺أʱգ
ǺȻһ
һ֮ԣʢĿͷų޼᲻ݵĿơ
ء
һɲǣɫ䣬ħһнԶǳɫ


1542 
䣡
ɫƿգŰ˷ơ
һɲǼ䣬ϫëȻ˵һɿɲǿ־
ֻڼΪɲزܴﵽЧƾŲתƣֻҪҲ޷ܿǿɲľɱ
ȻͻȻֵһλ֣
ܹΪסϫ񾳴ڣ֪֮˵ļΪѴﵽεȺ˵ĵز
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صһһ־ѣڳϫʱɢ
ৣ
ͬʱϫӰһ֮յرܿһɫĹ
¡¡ɫգݺݺڳϫĵ棬Ӳ俪һ׵ѷԨϢң
һ֮ɲز
ţ
Զһףû뵽ϫܱܿһ

ҲڴʱϫӴɢɲ֮䣬һƬҰϣ˳־ɱԼĵˡ
һˣһֳ޹Ǵ󹭣ߡ
߾ɣͭըΪͣһ񹭡࣬һΡ벻ɺɽƵģһɿֲޱȵϢ
ߣһ꣬ԼһȺĻ
Ȼǰǵĺ
Щһ˭ѵϹУϫͷЩ¶ϢУжϳԷԲ̫Ͻ֮
ҲζţԷҪôܾĩ֮е޵ߣҪôϹ
ߣڴˣŲⱰϫɫ䣬ӿһĨǵĺ⡣
Ų½ʵץūһΪǲ֮⣬ڣ赭дһ仰¶һޱȵİ
Ȼϲūһ˸

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֮⣬Ǿɸߵٴγ֣춯޹Ǵ󹭣ɲ֮䣬ŵ־֮ƣְ˻ϣ˳ϫ·
ū
ϫӿһĨɱ֮ʱΪһˣھλޱȣ񣬸һִĩ֮򣬱裬Ѵ˳ϫߡ
ϣ
գϫתɱȥ
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һɫȶϫһ׼նڼ⣬ײԣǳɫȻը飬׷ɡ
ϫˣӰһΣѪһڡ
ÿֲļ϶ļֻ֮񡯵زʵֻڶ΢֮ϣ
ϫһС
΢֮ϣǶ
˵Ⱦ磬Ļ֮ϣٴ̨͡ƿˡ֮
ءءء
ͷһţϫжδͣתƿն˵ɫһһն飬һһֲıɢ˷ɽұ飬ңΪ档
һУϫѪӿһƬͷ÷̫ɲӲƴӲг˲СĿ
ĩ֮Ȼ֮񾳴ڴˣҲıϫа֪̾ĩ֮ı̬֮

½Ȼ浲˾Ų
ϫоɲ֮İһ˱Ҫȣû뵽£δ³ϫˡ
ŲūҪˣºҪȥμŮ۾ٰġᡯǡȱһЩĶ΢ūţҿˣ
ЦͣһָʹΥζ
½ɲܴѩīֻܷ̫Ͻ̡צǲȥδ֪翪ڿΪ򿪱½򡣡
Щԥ
̫Ͻ̵һЩצѣֲǵĽ٣žŲ϶а취Ұ쵽ģԲԣ
ĿƳߣɫȻ
ŲȴһæͷӦŵ
Լλ޺ʵĺѪޱȣֶθǲ֮ɲҷˡ
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ʱһȺгԶĳϫӴܶȥ
ߣǱȥ£
Ųһ৵һоɸߵʧԭء
ﰡȻܹԶ΢Ϊ¾ŲʵʵץΪūȥμᣬȻΪӮòٲͷˡһЦ־һоС

ϫȷˡ
ĩ֮򣬶һһĨڣʲôҲҲû˼Щһɱ
οԷӪпһλεҲǼɵѣԸʱȥðա
ȻʳϫԲȴ״иַѽܵһҪ
ৣ
ʱշϫӰȫٷɳۣһĨ⣬ĿҰ˸ݡ
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һ߼ٷɳۣϫһ˼⡣
ʦƺʦᡢСʦһǰĩ֮ʱδ㡢ԯܡԯرڣҲһˡԵϳǰΪĩ֮ʱҲо֡
ֵǣǰȻӵһλ񾳵Ϊūͣλ΢Ϊӣɲ˭ܰ쵽ģ
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ţ
Ȼϫһݣһ˿ס

һɫƿնƥ֮ն˺ѳһޱȵѷ죬ﲻ衣

һ̫Ѹݣǿףᴩʱգϫ޿ɱܣֻƿؽݺն¡
ײȻɢ
ôʱǾŲƥӰǸǧ֮⣬ļ͹Գһʯļ⣬ԡ
޹Ǵ󹭣ϫδż֣½С½磬ֻҪĩ֮ҲϰɫѡвףϷԸһĻᡣ
ŶϫС
ֻҪͶҼū֮׷ҼңϷǵһһԴ뿪ĩ֮ǰѩī֮С
ŲȻ˵Ͷ¶һɸ߸ϵζ
ѩī
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ôԿһ£ǿĴ컯ԹӸλĩ֮еҪôڴˣҪôΪūͣһǲδ֪пǾһҴ޼ܹӵĪԵ
Ų˹˵꣬첻ԣһֶһޱȵǰܾܾˡ


1543 
ĩ֮Ī⣬е񾳴ڣȷǾһֻһСܹѰٵͨϹͨӶȻ
һʱϫСʦе֪
ⲢζţΪ˽Ϲ򣬳ϫԼϣΪߵһūͣ
ָԼĴʲô
ԵǾŲĻһ£ϫԥ컯ҿǵū͵ϰˣһȥźˡ
Ųɫһⱬû뵽˾ˡ
һˣյִĩ֮򣬲֪ߵغϷ򲻹㣬ִԲ򣬿ɱϷֱ㣡
ϣ
ϫ̧𽣹ңңָžŲɱ¶϶˸㣬ҳϫļ۶ϣҲκˣ

˵ʱӰһһֻͻڿգЮԣɱȥ
ƿϼӵж񾳵ΪĳϫԣҪɱԷǲܰ쵽飬Ͼ֮һ󾳽磡
ĲͬӵҲȫͬͺñʥɺĲ𣬸޷Խ
³ϫڶ΢κζ֣ɲܹ羳սնɱ߾ˡ
䲻ȷԼնɱԷɳϫӵһս֮ڱ׸
ڶԸһλǿʱΨнսȡһơ
ԣһ֣Ҫս

ߣڤ粻飡
ŲߣӰ͵һչ󾹸ֳһ˫˫ϣֳԶħӰͷųһɿֲޱȵ֮
֮
һӵĴ̫ͨħ࣡
̫ʱڣ֮Ϊϼɱ˾ֻڻеħ
ৣ
˫һ񣬾ŲٿȻʧϫһʱա
ÿ죡
ϫɫ΢䣬ɲ֮͸֪ԷӰѳʮ֮⣡
ˣϷѾˣϧȴϧŲǳ쳹ؼ䡣
Ȼ󡪡

һһɫƿգ˺ʱգʢ˫߱һɱأǬĿɲܡ
һУǴʮ֮
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ʵҲˣۼսǵ֮ǿ֮ۼɱ֮ԡΪ
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ɲ֮䣬ϫ͸о˷޿ɱܣ޿ӡ
ϫȴȻһߣʶнڣȻһ
ȻӰһݣٴγԶɶݶȥɱܿһƿնɱ
϶ȻûһսҾ͸ˣ
ϫʩչŲ֮һֻƵģײʱգȫŲƣǲóԶսǴʱһλԶս޴
Ȼˣ޷սôֻ룬֮ѡ

ţСӾȻҵѵЯĳĪ񱦲ɣ
ŲЩɲ
Ϊһ֣һطڰﷶΧ֮ڣһ֣Ҵδʧֹ
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ǡ׼ͷˡ
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ϫΪԶԶǻ˵ƫƫأΪֻж΢񾳣þŲܽܵˣ
СӹȻŹ֮Ҳֲһ۾ͿҪΪūȥμŮ۾ٰġᡯܹڶ΢ӵͣѩīǧҲˡ
ͷŲȴǲ֮ͣһһħɲǾ׷ȥ
κ
Ųס˳ϫ乭ţһ̫ŴҪɱգͷųһɿֲơ
һΣȫԼѹ׵ļΪڴ˿չ֡
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ôܣ
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һ½ĩ֮Ķ΢ȴӶӹɾ̫ˣ
ΪҪǣ״ȥһġΪ޷ʩչˡ
ΰ쵽ģ
ŲɫˮȴǾأ֪£˲֪ٳսɻͷһһ΢ֹ
ৣ
һҧٴ׷ȥ
һΣıԣҪƾԶһΪѹԷ

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ϫһ߰пһƵƵ˸Уٷɳۡ
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ˣ˲ð
Ų̤ն֮Ĵڰ֮⣬ųϫӱģϷٸһᣬһ
϶ϻôôࣿ
ϫߣֱֳֽӾһɱ˹ȥ˴ֻѣĳϫԣսҲûʲô
ϣܻһͼӳվʮأЮſֲĽ֮ݺݳǾŲɱȥ

Ųŭһץֳһͭìӭ
¡
ͳìײⷽԲʮ֮˲仯棬ش꣬Ѱٲһ֮
ŵŵš
ϫӰһɿֲе˳ȴǲϲ϶óıǼãѡ˽սԶϱ۰Ҳ
ԣǡʩչѾƣԳֲ̣һľˣ

ûκγɣϫٴϡ
ڵִĩ֮ǰһֱھĲȾѪнͼϵİնһ˿ͻƵס
һλΪԶԼһǿ֣Ⱦѹ֮£ϫֻҪܹһʱ䣬ԼĽΪ˵һͻƣ
ɱ
һ̣ϫսУʩչԼֽ֮ɱȥ
ߣ֪ߵغСϷձףʲôΪϵĲ࣡
ϫƣŲŭɱ͵һȣһԶħŭҪ䣡



1544 
¡¡
սϫֳֽ;ŲӲ
ɲ֮䣬Ƭرֲ⣬Ϊ֮𣬿ֲŰ쫷ɢʮ
ɱ
ϫŨܳݺʱ֮䣬罣oһת˼£ڳâͼƣХɱȥ
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ˣȾֻˣΪȫѹƣս
ϫûС
һԼսΪţһŲóġѡ˽սԶ̻Գϫ
¶ԷϫɵѹɼΪǿ󣬿ֳѹ˳ϫİǣҪһսĥ£һͻƽ֮
ʼսϫףһ𶴹ܺεȿ¡

أ
ձ飬һԵͭìɱ˫Ҫﶼɱ
ϫܣɱìķ֮նһƳ֮壬Ͳ㶴ͷ­
һҵ
ৣৣৣ
һһƿգЩԡȾѪнͼϵİĪгһɴ⵽µĽɱ⣬Ȼ˽ܴ֮ﵽļޣ
ţ
ŲâһƲʲôӶͭìһìӰһıУ콣һһ¡
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ৣ
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Ϊãնɱ֮պֻǸСĻˡŲٺ˼룬ɱ䣬һͭìƿգӭȥ
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һսŲһ߿ڣֻҪ־ܣϷ֮ǰӦǰϹֲʹһЩص䣬ٳɳ
ϼһ˷ѿ࣬Լĵ;ôߣָֻšϫĹٲȻһѪս׵ľȻģ
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ŲŭЦ׶еһ˿£֮⣬֣ȫѾҪɱϫĨ󻼡
䣡
ͭìƿգɲǼ䣬ӳճԣֲ֮ͬ໥ܻ۳һƬ硱ҪϫɱС

һ𶴹Уһ֮䣬Ϳһ磬Իһ磬ǷΪƸΪꡣ
򣬱յĴ塣
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ѰԣҪԼϰؾԲңɼ顣
ΪÿһĿԽǼɬޱȣ°ޱȵ£û츳ԣҲܰ쵽һ
֮Ϊ㲻࣬ϣʱѾһصĴڣҪڵ;ϾȫҪԵԡ츳Ե־ȵȷ档
ϫյġֻ֮ǳž
⡰ŲѰСɵزϾͶԳϫ֮߱Ųɺѹá
ԣóļƾǸ߳һΪСɵز֮ȥɱϫ
ֵһǣҪжϸƿص֮˭˸Ĳ죬Ҫ̺ԡ
ͺñСסȵѰĴвֻͬһ
ڰࡢ컯ɡЩں⼶Ͼѹһһͷ
֮˭ɻҪԵƿߵۺʵ

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Ųһ֣۳һ硱Ҫϫɱƻͻͣضɫ䡣
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ৣ
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أ
ͬʱһɲ֮䣬ͽһ硱һնΪȻ
һĻŲɫһɲѵǽ֮
һ뵽ۣоͽסһʣȾɿǿ˫ѩīǧУҲֻЩ֮زĴвܵĿٵĿ
ǡ㽣һ΢Сһʩչģ

һնУһͽСɱСɡһϫһ䡣
͹˲ٶ룬ΪԽĸڲϵϵݱɱ䣡
СӵԽԽˣƺڷž˵ɱ䡭ע⵽ϫϢı仯Ųɫһޱȣŭ֮
ʶԼȻڲ֪䣬䵱˳ϫĥʯ
СϷɲԸ
ŲŭԶŴħգſֲֳͭìٴαɱ
¡
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һ֮£ϫŨܵĳεõɣ̵ۣ类ǧ׶ϡ
⣬ֻһɣ
ȻһѶ˾Ųȫʢŭ֮µһ
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ৣ
ٴһ򵥵ƽƽ
ɾһ˲䣬ƬصһţԶ壬Ψһ쳹ϵ֮
أ
һ춯صײ쳹Ƭ񷱻Ƭ׷׹䣬γױңܰ˷
һ֮£ŲɽܿƵĵˣ˫۷飬ͭìҲֺɳȥ


1545 

ŲһǿҪѪĳ嶯һ̫ɲ˼ڸԶϫһһ޷ס
СĽΪɱ䣬ٲֹֻ½ջ޷κˡ
Ų˸ɱơ
ǿһû˵ϫһԼˣʶƺȻЩ
䣡
Ųҳɣͭìŭһԣɱȥ
޷ųϫɱɹ޷ܱϫȻԼľ淢

һƽм࣬ף̺ŭΣԵԼ̤֮ĵڶʽСۺΡ
ϫ˼ҽɱС
һնɱԷ۵ġ硱ɱ֮ʶɱС
ڶһƳԷƣˣѹ֮ʶΡ
ʽУԶ˿ĽأӯУǶԽ֮·һ֣̽Ѿ߱ˡʡ֮ӵеϴ
֮бøǿĿܡ
һ̣ϫھŲǿѹ֮£װסһ˿ͻƽΪĻˣӿǧ
ʱƻȻ˻оŲǿ֣ԼĽ֮УͲõĸС
ʣ
лߣͳԦ˽֮ʣԦ㽣
ȵز񾳴УҲֻһСִܹǿëǰĴڡ
д˱֪Ҫ̤˾кε֮ס
ϫҲڽԲã޴żȻӺͼƬлˡȾѪнͼѰٵһ˿Ҳڴ˿̲ɱˡ
ǻԵ
񾳴ڶԣʱĶѲǺһλǿߵı׼ǱԡǡԵ;Ҫá
츳ǡԡԼٽȥı䣬ɻԵɾǿһ
񾳴ڶԣʱһССԵͺñȺĳ˵һϯʮ쫷磡
ȻҪûԵһҪȥһҲҪԼȥա
ͺñǰⳡսУϫȷˡȾѪнͼȻԵ֮ͬҲҪȥա
ǣϫ֡աǰľŲϣѶԷһĥʯҪԷԼĳѹһͻƣ

¡¡
˵ʱʱ죬Ųٴαɱеͭìһ˲õ񱦣鱦ȴ޼᲻ݣɱ֮
и͸ѪϢ̫Ŵħΰ
Уһ֮£ֻ¶Ҫǧǳأһ޷޸Ĵֻˣ
ǳһʶĸоϫұתڰƵĽ˵һٿȻһ켣

һڲ񷣬ʢޱȣɲǼʧƬǬһ㡣
ţ
ŲͫȻһǣ
һ̣޷׽һĨĹ켣Ϣ޷ͷʧһ
ѵСƣ
ͣ
һϸ𣬿ŲȴһףëȻܵһɼΣյϢϮ
ûκԥŲ͵һʩչ֮͵һ˲ƣȫٳһȥ
أ
Ҳжһ̣һϢӲͷһѪ˿ɼǡ
ʱܣһҪʺ
ˣҾȻһ΢Сһˣ
ŲţзŭͬʱֲƵһԵĻңʲôΪ˹أ
Ϊһ֣Ų԰ɱ͵Ϯ֮ν¯࣬ͻƾճֵһʱҲһĨ塣
һ޶ߣϢޱȣӿ͸Ӧֹһɲ˵ã
䣡
ҲڴʱԶĳϫȻӿһɿֲޱȵƣɲ֮һˡ
һƳʢƥĽܣʮأӳĵһеۻʣҪͳԦ֮Ѳ߮£
ǵƣ˷ƣһ̣ܻһƽңӦ
һּΪ
ƬеʯءʱաڹСƶһĨ⣬ںХȡ
ΪһƬ֮硣
潣ȴӵн̡֮
һУǱϫٶ
ΪǬӳպӦͳԦһ֮䣬ǽ֮
֮ڡͳԦ֣
ͳԦͳԦ㽣ͳԦԼĵģ
һض䣬ͻٿȥ̤֮ĵʽСȥ⣡
ϫૣеĳ֮ɫʼָƽ䡢ǿհ嫡
ˣһлͳԦ֮
һɲǣͻƽԲ̤㽣֮У

֮ϷվȻΪһСƾ̤ʯ
Ŀóϫı仯Ųһޱȵޱȣʳˮ
Сһ
м޾ŭͺ⣬Ųֳͭìһ̤գϫɱ
˵֮ǰϫֻһϣôڣɱ֮ĳϫͷ󻼣
ɱ
Ųŭ𣬾ɸɽʱգһ񹭡ྐྵǸֳһȦԹΣƾһӱ࣡
ϼһҪڷʴʣʧȥȻ
ϫĮڣӰ৵һһӭнһһɱС׽Էն
Ȼ͵һչһۻⲽǬХһɱŲ
Ųɫ䣬ʶʩչ֮ƵƵ˸ܣ֮ӲȴȻ֣ԼһҶСƵģһ֮硱УƯ޷ѣʱضиĿܣ
ôܣѵǽ֮ƣ
ŲκˣͷԺ𣬽ͭìҪƿɱΧ
һ΢񾳵ˣһ̤֮Сϣȴս̤㽣֮ʩչŤתƵܣȵһ񶼳ѣǴȥ˭ˣ
ԼһС
ɵ֮Կʶһ޷óǺε̬֮
¡¡
սҵ£ԲﷶΧһж棬ɱ֮䣬޹⣬ֱĩսһ㡣

κһȥ⡱ͻأ֣һ˿ݼŵĿ϶һھŲϻһ˺ۣѪܣ׹֡
ⲻܣ
ŲǾ춯صĴ쳹͸žŭһĨ޷εľɣ֮˿£
ţ
Ҳ޷ܣ
һжĹ֪£ͷһȹ첻˼ľ档
¡
ع񣬳ϫǾۻƵӰЮź嫽ɱ
һΣϫҪ϶佻йĩ֮ϹһУ÷ж


1546 ̨
ĩ֮Ϲ򡭡
һжԳϫԣɼΪİһ֪
ԭڣһĩ֮򣬻ûüȥϸ֪ĩ֮Ĳͬܵ˾Ųһ˵Χɱ
£ԳϫԣҪıйĩ֮Ϲ˵ѰٵͨϹܷͨĩ֮дǸ⡣
ŲǡѩīУԶһϢΪ˽⣬ֻҪҪһЩмֵϢֿɵá

ɱ
ϫֽõ֮ġۺΡԶԶһһƬ֮ȶޱȡ
صһ죬Ų׻ɾŸߵɳȥɫһף͵ؿȳһѪ
֮ǰ㱻һȥ⡱ţһѪֻۣƤˣʲô
ڣ𶯣ȴ˼ڸսķҲһӰ졣
ǾŲ֮ǰû뵽ġ
ԣ֮һ΢У˿ֲˣ֮յıȻͬѰΨˣŻ䷢ӳ
һ̣Ųɫˮܵ£ʶϫ߱սֻǡʡ֮ǰ򵥡
Ǿŭţһո̤㶴΢񾳵Сӵ޵ˣ
ৣ
ӦϫĹٴϮ

ˣΪϷκβһ΢񣿡
ƵزŲ뱩ŭ񣬲ٱһУ˵һͷֳһ̨
̨ԼĪƴС߾Ŵ磬ͨ͸ޱȵͷ׳ʢᾡع
һɲǼ䣬ͷһյգҫʮأ
ąֱ̨̇̄ǶУһյ֮޵֮Լһ֮
֮⡰̨һ𶴹ıԴ֮
񣬱ϫ֮£Ųʩչ̨һȫ̻Уǵֱ޷
һɲǼ䣬ϫܵһֽϢĿֲѹ֮ӿ̼ëȻɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ã
϶ѵҪƴʯٲɣ
ϫ³ܶԷͷɶȫݺ֮Ӳ
£޿ӣ޿ɱܣһ¶һ˿ɣͻᱻԷһشˡ
¡¡
ҡض﷢ըϼһһմѷӳȥͨԶɲޱȡ
̳УŲ͵ҲϢٿȻήɫǲ԰͸˼¡
Ȼ̨֮Ҳܵ˼ɣܵˡ
СһϷһɱ㣡ԹɨһԶĳϫʩչ֮תˣ
òӣӰ쵽սٲӣ浣Ľջڴˡ
۳ϫһ£ֻɫ΢΢ףƲܵʵ˺֣ҲþŲ׶Ͼ˼սͷܵľٶ
һ𶴹ѣһλ΢ȵزҲȷǱͳġ
ʶŲŻһɲһݻ

ͨ
ϧŲûп뿪յ蹦󣬳ϫӰһΣʧȥ֧Ƶģ͵׹棬һԨƵĴС
鴤ѣЩΣܵ˼صĴˡ
һλһƴȻֿܹġϫ۾ʹѣ΢һҳ壬ط¶˶ϹǣƱԤĻҪء
һУǰǾŲġ̨ͣ
ǵһλ߱ıԴ֮ɲޱȣǳϫȶ΢ܹȫ
Уڴ˶֮ǰһս̫˵ĳЩĿˡϫҧǿתΪ޸壬жϹǶԽһȻѵվ
ղʵ̫Σˣڻ£иǲСκζ֮ǰ֮شؼԶ߱ܣ˽̫ǳ

һϫĬĬӦǷƬеϢΪϡûУģ޷ٰ
ѵĩ֮У֮Ĵڣ
ϫü֮Ǻ֮һĴڣϧĩ֮򲢷ؼӵе֮ҲٵĿ
Լ䣬ϫܵһѹƣܵĳĪѹĩ֮Ϣȫͬƺκ񾳴ڶżѹá
ˣ뿪˵
ϫǿŻʹƣһ򣬱ҧʩչŲ֮ת˲ȥУٴѿѪʡ
ɼڸղһ֮Уܵ˺εص˺
ǾŲٿһۣ˵Ϳɱϫ

һ
ϫֻԽԽأԺӿһһѣУ̲סͣ²ǿŲơ
ţǣ
ϫĿⲻһƳԼһƬϿУŸֵĲľިܣӨӨ⡣
ϫעģһƵֲӱ鲼ϿУͺһڵϵƵģڡִ󣬷ŹذĹ⡣
ϫͲȻɫ䣬Ϊ֣ЩͷųĹ⣬ܹڲ֪丯ʴ
ùĶϫæתΪ񣬱ⷢ⡣
ƺأŲһʱ䣬˿ǿתΪʱһڣҡҡ׹
·ЩٹâʢˣƻҰɫĹһҪԳϫļơ
汳ϫһ㶯תȥ
쿴١ǲơͥ鵤һô
ڴʱһö𣬡ףȻ˱ˣϧҪһˡ
۴ϣĪҪأٵĹȥһȣҲһ׮¡
һׯ񵭵𣬿ƽ棬ȴһֱĵľȻη֮⡣
ԣϫһ𣬼̧ͷҪȥֻǰһ߾Ͷһͷ˫ٵŮ
Ů㣬νС磬ֻһһλ̵ͯŮ㣬ˡ
ԭȷˡ
Ů´˳ϫһۣһЦ¶һѩױݡ
ϫȴȻһÿٶȣûüȥӦŮѸˡ
Сӣ㰲ţЩٽˡ
ŮȻһЦҡл˵һ첨ֳ⣬һɨֱӽϿЩϯһȫװ뵽ǻ֮С
ССĻһ鱦
ϫһʶŮĲ
Դ˵һһǿҵѣӿȫƷʧȥʶʱʧȥ˶Ŀƣ׹ȥ
Сƺ˺أȻǲȣ
ˣһ߰ɡ
ޡ
ЩԻ󣬳ϫʱɿо裬ǰһ˻֮С


1547 
ʶԺУϫһ̸
˺ͱһԵ뿪ĪҪϱׯϣ͸һֱĵλ
ġ
һͳ͸һɽĦϸУΪİ
۴ϣ߰ɡ
ޡ
ڴʱϫҲ֪͵۾λܷ䣬лᣬĳʮ𡣡
˵ʱԺһѣҰģֻܿӰȴԷݶˡ
һɬյִĩ֮䵽زҲ湻ùġ
СӲˣúչԼΪסͷ˫٣㣬һ£һŮ۴Цڡ
߰ɡ
λȻڣֱӺ˳ϫ̬ȲʢˣȻȴһɸ߸ϵȡ
ֻǰѳϫĻһЦ
ƾϫǰȴ޸ֻҲȥԼʲôˡ
Ȼˡ
ϫȻԺѣǻ㱣ȴ૵ǲںǷǵĶ飬ҳϫȻᱨġ
ͨһǰһڣٴλԹȥ

ϫٴʱ
֣ԼȻһ֮У䲻ܾϰˣһСĲ塣
ͷһƬǧĶΧҩֲϡŹֵĲľҩ飬ͷųͷѤĹ
еϰ˱ҩ֮ǸһȺҩʹӣǵʱ䡢˼ҩϡ
⡭ĩ֮𣿡
֪֮һУϫеɻ󣬺Ƿѽ⡣
ע⵽еÿһˣԷѰԶһϢǵһһȴѰķҲûʲô𣬸øַͨ
Ź֣䵽һζû˾һϫɻ
ˡ
һɳƴŽĦƵߡ
ϫȻ̧ͷͿһͷһͭݸ㣬ʯ뷿С
Ϣ뺷ԺʹȻͬһѪɱζϢƣ߱һǿ߷ӵеȡ
ԳϫԣǡͬࡱϢ
ˣȻ񾳴С
ΪҪǣ˸һڣжϳԼǰǸԻǵˣ
ĿߣҲ˵ģҲƻָ֮󣬱뿪ɡ
ԳĮûκθ顣
ϫǵͷлˡ
ɫĮɣ֮ڣܰ޸𣿡
жˡϫһ֪Ż˵
֮ǰأδ˵ټĵ̻ޱȣ֮УЩ˺޸߰˰ˡ
ΨһǷȱģ㹻ˡ
Ҳûκε飬ڵĲ磬ֻӿ֮ʮ֮Žֻתһ֮
ٶȣ֮Ҳָֻܻ߳ҵΪ
Ƭ֮У֮ϡޱȣҲϫȥɵģ£ϫҲָֻˡ
Ǻã뿪˵꣬תߡ
ѣĩ֮򣿡ϫæ׷ʡ

㣬ڳ˼ԥʲôκȻֶ̧龧ʯ񾧣ָĿһЩסҪ˿
صһŹϣֻʣ˳ϫһˡ
񾧣
ϫ̧ץ龧ʯϸϸ
⾧ʯֻСĴָСͨ徧Ө貣ŵĻ̲صĺȻ֮
ʯҺһȻΪ޵衣ϫ˼
ղóʱֵĺأóϡ䱦һ㣬óϫԼо񾧵ļֵȻͬСˡ
ʵһҲǣĩ֮֮ѷϡޣô񾧵ĴھԵüֵˡ
ֻǣΪҪԼ˿ˣѵ˶ϫü
ȷĩ֮УǸоһʵ̫һЩ
ˣɽ񾧻ָʵָˣ뿪ɡϫԴԼʱĮ̬ȣԼ֮뿪ֻһͲӦˡ
ἰϫλͻ۴ϣǡ

ϫٶ룬ϥ񾧣׼ڴʱһŲ
ϫüëһźۼЩ
һУ֨ѽһǷֱӱ򿪡
һɫƵ˽ĿڳϫɨһۣСӣ񾧽ɡ
ϫ۾У治ɫʲô񾧣
ߣ滨Ҹղſǿһ㽻ǲ忪ڡ
Ŷϫ˼Ҳ²ⲻ֪°ɣ
Сӣ㽻񾧱㽻ôϻӲȻɫ䣬ƶΪɵĳֺ֮ɫһ͵سȥһƳϫץȥ

Хշ
ڳϫȹȴû̺κεķźͰȷ˸ղŵһ۵㣬֮г֮⣬˽Զ񾳴ڡ
˵ǿһϢȴʧȥǿ߱ܣ
񣬳ϫδ޸ɱϾϷţټǻȹǰǺвԡ
꣡
ϫһ̧֣ͽԷұסǯƵģץĶԷǷ꿦Ҫѡ

ʹһҽС
ˣ
ϫһݣ̽־ͷסԷͣǲҽȻֹ
һлˣӵĲҽݣȴΪ̶ɢ⣬в
˺£

ߣһȥ
ܿ죬Ӱ˵ŸֽŲԶ۶
֪һУϫɫʱһϫɱӿֱ޲ɱǰӣգסˡ
ЩӵŽŲ⡣
λң
͵ƴȫ
óϫɫһзصһѹڵء
ôᡭ
ĶҵȺľ㣬ȴ˶Դҵȣ
ɱһɱĶ
Щ˿ĻʱŭìͷֱָϫףһԳеĳϫɱȥ
¡¡
ȳϫڽͣЩѷŭɱݶ̤ƣպ𣬾һƬ֮С
Щˣ
ϫˣҲӿһ˿͵һźݺݴϣӰһ͵뿪䷿ݡ
λҽ͡
ϫҪ⡣
ĺǣЩͣ׷ŭųɱٲȻͷȴһ㡣
λһƬ


1548 
սͻأıˡ
ϫҲû뵽̬ᷢز
ǣЩ֮˽Զܲǣѽ˳һ㣬ӵĲҽУֻһΪԼֵһڡ
䣡
һ޴ȭͷƿգΪ񱩡
ϫֻһ㽫Էж˲ܿƵͨһˤһϣҳһӡ
ˣ
ҳף
һϣ
˼ˣŭһӵϣƳˮһ㡣
ϫĿһɨжʱ󶨣ӰƵƵ˸ÿһ˸㽫һѹڵأʧ֡
Ƭʱ䣬һ߾ˣҽвѡ
ȻˣЩһ߱ǵĹ֮Уûκε֮ҲƸʲôŵá
ϫӰٿȻͣ٣ɵһصĴ˼
һͻȻĳͻ֮Уûʩչʲôķţ㽫һһûһ⣬ԭڣЩ̫ˡ
ǾһȺŷ󵶵ĶͯȻˣȴøʩչ
Ź֣Ѿ֮߱ȴû֮սţȹ֮£
ϫüΪɻ
λһ񾧣
֮ǰϫµӣʱҲɵڵأƼΪĿϫȡʤг
仰Եúͻأɽ֡
ɻеġ񾧡֣ȴЩϫܵĴ۾һӺˣϫĿг˳ޣһɳ̰ޱȵɫ
ɱɱ
񾧡ֻҪ񾧣Կ뿪ĩ֮򣡡
ԭڵϵĴˣܵĪ̼һ㣬͵һӵУٴγϫ
ģֱ޲ð˺һ
Щˣ˳տ񣿡ϫУɱӿ֣˵Ҳӿһ˿ŭ
ס֣
أһĦϵ쳹֮䡣
¡һһɿֲѹڳһڴ˶ʱѹأҲ
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿ˺ʱնһ
ô£
ҲϫһۣǰĿɨЩ񣬡ҲŸ뿪Ƭ̣㷢Ȼңѵ뱻𣿡
ڲѣɫ޳Թ̰֮ɫȡ֮ǾηĿһλ״١
ߣ
һߣջǻ˻ֵɢ˰ɡ
Щɴգȥ

ϫˣסʵѣ⾿ô£
俴˳ϫһۣĬƬ̣˵ţ˫ֱָ価ͷȥ
ϫಽϡ
ܿ죬˱˴ͷ︲ŽǧĶҩֲŸָľҩԶвġ
ϫע⵽ЩľҩϢ֮Ҳҩȫͬǳӯһ˵ĻɬϢǹŹ֡
ʱвٴҩר־С»˵Щľҩˡ
ϫľǣЩľҩһ㣬֦ҶƮɢһͷ׵Ĺ⣬һ뵽ЩС
ЩȻһľʼҲδܡ
ЩҩѵڼȡЩڵΪϣϫüоֳǹأΪ
ԭҲԸеǿߣĩ֮ǰһǸԽк绽ĴȨ죬Ľ羴
Įڣ֮ҲһȺ˰ˣֻΪҩūݱ΢Ҳ𡣡
ôϫüӿһ˿⡣
ΪƾǵִͣܵϹ򣬶ĩ֮Ҫȥַֻʽ
һ⡮ҩ䵱һҩūȫᶪʧյ͵ֻҪ㲻Σգƾǵ񾳸ڴ˴ȥ
˶٣ڶַʽǱ䵱Σգһֻȼ˶ܴѱǲгһձɱǱƲѣû˻ԸⱻΪɱˡ
ô˵ĩ֮·һҩһϫü

ϫɫҲϾҩˣԼ˭
ŤƳ˳ϫһۣڣ㻹²ȻϹеĸ
ϫкݺһк⼤䣬Щʲô
ĩ֮ȫϹеĴѿأҩ򾳡
Щץĩ֮еǿߣ޷Ϲǰ£ֻѡַʽ
һֱǳ䵱ҩūΪϹЩֲľҩȫģȴɥʧյĸֵ
ڶΪУΪЩϹԵĶΣޱȣνǾһ
ĴڣҲܺ⣬֮еĵۻȨ󣬻ῪٳһЩֳԼȥԣԵһɢĵȤ
Ȼĩ֮еҲ൱ƴڣֻΪЩĩ֮еǿߣǵϹеĴǣ
óϫȻԼ̤ĩ֮ʱܵľɱ͵Ϯǰ;ŲԴ֮УٲȻԼˡȻûĵһ
Ȼǰһ˱ȻϹ֮С
ôоĩ֮ϹеĴǿٳһǲֵڣ
ϫɫЩǲûʲôָģǲֵĶǿߣǵƾ׸ҩūϫЩ޷ˡ
ֹĩ֮Ϲ֮棬ҲֻЩƿصԴˡ
ĮȻ˵ڳ֮ǰ򵽵һƬֵأôЩɢڸ޵ߣеׯڣǵоׯḶ́Щг֡졯ׯʱᱻոӰ쵽ׯڵ
ѡءѡ޵ߡеġׯڡׯڳ족ʱͻᱻո
˵ǰϫȻ֮Աǣĩ֮еһ֮ȻжôС
һֳǵĺ䣬һ˵ķŭ˶˫ֲԾ߬Ʊ
Ϊׯڳ졯޵߽һɣϫͳ
ͷ
ϫȻһУʱϯĺƽٽ٣ֶ£ǿоһ񾳴ڡ
һƽеոׯڡġʲô
ȻϹеĴУ
ոˡׯڡҪʲô
ȻΪЩϹĴṩõġʳԼΪõĲƸ
һУϫֽű䣬ɫһƬ


1549 ܲѰ
ء
ܿܿΪϹеׯڣ棬ɱո
࣬ô̫ˣ
ǳϫ׷ŭԭΪҲһԱû˽һУͲЩ
˽ˣ֪࣬סзŭ
ΪʲôҪЩϫͳ
ΪġĻشܼ򵥡
Ȼ䣬ϫ͵ѹԼٷŭҲ޲ı䲻ʵǿλصġϣԼôࡣ
ԼʱпܾץˣҪôΪҩūҪôΪһҪôɱ
ʵ
Ҳĩ֮ĿգпᣬɱķһŲ˾ʹ˳٣񾳶޷⣡
ʣλ﾿Ǻεݣ
ϫһǳ侲һ·սѪϴĥ³һŹҡ͡׿ĵġ
ȻﲻԸ㣬һԲȥй¶ˡ
ĮлϹ򣬱֪ݣ֪ôҲá
˵ţָԶҩ㿴Щҩūĩ֮ʱҲһΪ˽ĩ֮Դգֱֻܽū۵ˡ϶ԸΪ֮еһԱԣץʱָΪ뿪ɡ
ϫ죬ȴǺȻһ⣬ϵ֮յķţǱҩеҩȡô
ͷ˵ԭ
ԭĩ֮󣬵ֲŸҩЩҩԶϹеĴ٣ڲͬ
طҩﲻͬĩ֮еҩֲֻһҩڵҩ
Ƕһ͵ҩƺＫΪأҰԵޱȣǿߵƿصĵΪϣ˷ܳɻ
неġᡱҲûʲôΨһĲͬڣڵҩĲǿյͷš
Щҩū֮սޱȣΪЩҩȡڵ͵
֪һУϫһ󷢺ڵҩĴڣֱǲ֮аħҲûʲô
ǳ֮󣬾ͻᱻոϹЩеҩʦΪ񵤣µ̷ȡ̺ͷš
֮԰Щڵҩһֵ֮һͬĵ伮ֻҪ̷ˣһֻ߱ĵӣһҹ֮ճ͸ֵ
ԣϫͫһֺݺһ
ˣЩϹĴ￪ٳЩҩȻֲڵҩЩץǿΪϣȡյ֮͵Щڵҩ֮󣬾ͻᱻϹ֮УΪ񵤣е̷
Щ̷Щ񵤣ڶʱڻȡ͸ַţ
ȥеĸֻڣЩϹеĴӵܣƾڵҩΪý飬ȡЩץĩ֮еǿڵ͵
ǺεȲ̵һֶΣ
ΪޣΪ⡭ϫૣеķŭ˼£ѳŭ
ԭΪϹһƬȣ񾳴ܾңľսͷչҲ
˭룬Ȼģ
ʵûЩҩִĩ֮е񾳴ڣҲܵƬе֮Ĵѹ
Ƴ˳ϫһۣЩȳϫ򶨣ܿƽִѹ£κһǿӵеڲ֪ţΪٸߣʮʱУյ֮ͷűȫʧ
˶٣ĩ֮ΣյĵطĩĩϢаϾ߱ĵ
ԭʱ˶ϫૣȻʶʲôĿΪ㡭
˵꣬ΪϹյе֮屻ĩ֮еѹ
ϫ˵ͷ
֮Ҳǲͬģе֮û֮ȣе֮ͬɽе֮ûȡ
дݣе֮ͬûĩ֮е֮ᲢۣȻϹе֮Ҫĩ֮ԲŻһС
Ͻɣĩ֮යһ죬ʧһЩͷţϹʱؼġ
תҪ뿪
һ˿ɻ󡣡ϫ׷
˵
ΪҪ֮ھ뿪
ΪˣȻڽĩ֮ʱһЩ˶ˣȻȣҲΪˡ
شĺĮֱӣοֻһˣɵﲻκϹе
ϫüһȭΣҪлָ㡣ԴϿҡ
ȷ޶Էܾ̫飬ΪԼԭͶԷ޽飬ƾʲôҪöԷӻԼ
ȻϫҲûȥԷӻԼˡ
û뵽ϫԼ̬ȻˣɫԻ㲻лңһж
ϫԺҲȥĶ顣
˵ͷͻȻʵڽĩ֮ʱ˭
Ҹû˭ϫЦ̯̯֣ľ˵˳
˵ǸŲһ񹭴ͼ
üͷһЩݣصҲ²ⲻǰӦѩīеġϡǿѩīеĶ֮һƿλ档
ϣ
ϫ۾һУԼ֮и˵̫ʱڣһڻеħΪ࣬ƿ˫һŭɱϵľֻݣ죬硣
ֻ翪֮ħʧΪһֵֻܽĴ˵
ţԣ˵ȻһλˣȻʲôرһ⣬ϫҪϳʲôһ
ϫԴģɵֻһʱңＰʱȣҲǲ롣
û߶ԷλŲ̨ҪԼʯ٣ܻ˶ӡ
ҪǣߣżλŮ۴ϵģԼ󱻶ԷȣҲǶԷһ˳Ϊֹľٶ
ǶԷԼӾŲо˳
ԣŶһ˼ؿ˿ϫԴ֪ɲĸ΢ܹһλսģҲκ˶ܹԮֵġ
ϫЦЦûнͣԵЩĪ⡣
ܲѰ
Ͼٴ˳ϫһۣ޷ʲôʲôʣңǰǣ֮뿪
˵ɣѸڱƮȻȥ
ҲһˣͨһøмֵϢϫ뿪һ㼴ҡҡͷתԼķݡ


1550 ͻ跢
䷿С
ϫϥƣƮ⡣
У뵳鴿ͨѭ뵽ϫϲ
񾧵ȷܲ˼飬ѰʯȫͬڲֹžޱȵĴһ޵֮ĴŲС档

񾧵İ£糱ˮڳϫڣصΪһ־˵ٶ޸š

ϫŵѣĩɢ
񾧣㵱ҽһ֮ˣ⻹ԶԶҪȫָʵҪʮϵ񾧲С
ϫһһ״
˴ֻ񾧣ԶԶڶʱڻָ۷״̬ϫѾˡ
ݣԼ뿪ƬʱѿҪָ߳ҵΪԸѰĶ΢Ѿ´ˡ
ȻԴϵġŲϫҲֻѡӱܣָ۷״̬ƾһЩطԷĨɱ
򲻵ѣϫͬô
Ϊط˺Ҳ綯ñ߱񹦣ڸ޷ȥս
Ҹս΢Ϊڶʱڸû취ҪսĻֻѡȥ򡭡
һ˼ţϫһٴó񾧣ĬĬ
ں;ŲһսУһͻƽʡ֮ӵͳԦ򽣵罣֮еĵۻʣ׳Ƴ
˵ϫյ򣬻ֻǡžĵزڽΪϵͻƣȴֲ̰塣
ۺĿǰΪ硢Ϊ޷ڶʱͻƣΨһսģˡ
򣬷˳žСɡɡ۷塢Բ󾳽硣
ÿһ׶Σһȫͬɱ䣬һ͵صĲ
Ϊ֮ϵ;ÿһĿԽǼɬޱȣ°ޱȵ£û츳ԣҲ޷һ
һԣܹڡ񡱾ʱͰСɡزѾһĿĳɾˡ
ǡŲˣڶҲϵһһĸ֣ԭڣˡСɡ硣
Ѱ񡱴໹ڳžĽ׶Ρ
ϫܹ͡Ųɱ羳ܣȵöԷą́Ҫʯ٣ɼո̤񾳵ĳϫսǺεȵı̬һսȥֻû˻ˡ
ڣϫĿ⣬˴ϣһָоܰԼյġ֮СɵزǸŲ¶ԷƴҲ޼£


ʣµĿҲϫȡһգʱΪѻָ˽߳ң
ԼʱҪ뿪ˣô˻ᣬǿȥϸ˽һЩйĩ֮Ϲ顣
ϫȻ۾
Ҳֻ˽⵽ĩ֮ӵ֮Ϊ⣬ܹϢ֮ĵǿյ͸ֵ
ͬʱƬ·ˡҩ͡򾿾ôֵģαϵģȴһ֪
ΪҪǣ֪ͨϹһͬ
һ뵽⣬ٶɣ˳ȥ
¡¡
Ҳڳϫһ̤ţһҵĺ𣬼ޱȣ羪𵴣ؼ䣬䶼ˡ
ڼԶһȺֳȥԶȥ
ɶ񣡡
϶ڵĹַˣ
ߣǵǵҩѾܾˣػǣֻ类ǵóˡ
죡һȥ
˺£ϫ׷ȥһʵ
սȥ֧Ԯ˷ŭ
֧Ԯ
ϫĿɨһۣзֹƾǣһսûУȥ˸ʲô
ССǣǰĩ֮ǰǸݺµĴڣƿϫ˼
ϫЦЦÿɷ
ȻЩ˸磬ԶǾϴڣ񡭡ɥʧսţϻһ㣬ԡ
ϫеҲΪԷ֪ǰҲûʲôȴɷܲȥ֧ԮԵҲѵá
дҲɼЩекε֮ߡ
ܿ죬ϫһˣ˼ԶһƬƽԭϡ
ʱϫҲڿΧһѹƵüҪܣǲ˺ۣѪȾ£ΪΣա
ֹˣսԶһӰԼĪ߰ˣԶգսеָָ㣬̬ɣȴԵüΪǿƺš
һɲǣϫжϳЩֵİˣʵԶж΢ˮ׼ҺЩҩūȫͬͷŲδɥʧ
ҲζţЩ˱ȻҲϹ֮У
ҲֻϹеǿߣŲ屻ĩ֮е֮ѹˡ
£ʮˣÿж΢񾳣ʵǿĵŮӣҪҪǿһЩֻѿҪ̤㶴ˡ
ϫпݣɲ֮䣬ͽԷÿһ߱ʵӳУƺһģ˴˹ϵŸңӦʱĹϵŶԡŹ֣ˣ
ϫһȻǻŮһϱ߻һӵĻ
ǸȻԼ
ѵЩһΪѰץԼϫɫһӱ䣬ף֮ԱΧֻΪάԼ

ǣһȺҩūҲˣԹԴԭأɱ⣡
ʱռһˣҲע⵽Щǰ֧ԮĴˣһͷףݿĽӺȻЦɭȻ
һɿֲ糱ˮɢߺݺѹնðݡ
һʹҽЩֻǺսҩūľѹδս֣ͱһ壬شڵء
ߣ
Ҳڴʱϫ͵̤һؼ䣬ӿһƺԡ
ˣ
̤һȴ޶ģؼ䣬ͬʱһɿֲɱŭĽ֮ɢ
ء
ڳϫǿֲϯ£ǽͷŵϣݰ㱻顢߽⣬ɢκм֮
ңϫһƲɢ˻ģضɫ䣬Զһ˽ԶһݣĿˢˢ
ף
СӺҩū
ȵȣҪҵǸС𣡣
ȻȻֱλ֪岻ɣ
ϫģǻŮڵһˣԶһϾ͸ֳһĨϲɫ緢ѰѾõһ㡣
ʱϫжϳԷȻΪԼָʹǵ˺ȻǴϵİһˣ


1551 һ֮
Щˣ겻ɢ
ȷԶЩ˱ǴϰһϫжʱһĨŨɱ
ɫĮؼǿӿԽԽʢһչ¶Ϸâ
ৣ
ûгɣϫӰһƾսҲ㽫սд˳
ȻΪģ㽻Ҵɡ
һ̵Ѫ죬Ϣңǳϫʱпܱڸղŵս
лˡߵĳϫɳƴϹͬ˴ȴյ˴ǲһҪ㣬һҪСˣ򲻹Ӷݡ
סϫͷɫ

ԭɱλ΢ˣδ׷ȤذĿ⿴ϫɫдЦ
㴦ÿС˼
ԭ֪ĴɣЩ½ļһԶ֪ߵغ񣬻Ϊĩ֮֮ǰڵһء˸ͣЦ
֣Ҫ˷ʱ䡣һɱ
䣡䣡䣡
̸ʱ˱Ѷֱ֣һɫ񴸣һᦣһӡԣϫɱ
ߣ
ڴˣϫһӣɳһƬɷĽ֯ɵ¡¡֮ꡣ
һ˲䣬Ƭͼ֣ܼ⽻֯ؼ両ֳؿɲ
¡
һйԱɽӡ
΢һ֮Уĵ˳ɫ䣬Ծѡ
ǿ
δ񱦣ƾһ֮˵ֹƿʵβľ
ٽһ
أһ񴸴ɫԣױȣʢԼѹأǵȲضɫ䡣
һͷ𷢣˽˶ߴһ¿񱩵ս

һ췢ϫӭȥһֻɫ񴸶ײһ߼ǧ˺
ϫ̬ݡ
ûһ£ɫһףɫ񴸲㱻ɳȥ
͵ŭͷ𷢵˷ٴιɱ
ͬʱֳᦺƿعӡλ΢ҲһɫأѾʶϫĲԲҵ
һ˲䣬ϫսһţ𣬸ֳʢҴܣƬض𶯣ʱձ飬һƬ

ţ½ʵȻֲûᱻӿУһҪ£ѱΪū
ע⵽Զս֣ԶλõĻŮԴȻؿ˵㷢٣α籦ʯɫԣ貨ӣͶ¶һɸ߸ϵ̬
ݳԼǣӿеȻˣҲһĩ֮м
ߣһ½ҰСһѣαع̧߶Է
ȻҲֻ½ϰˣĩ֮ҲʵЦ
˿ڣԳϫָָ㣬侪Էȴδ¶ʲôη壬෴Դ֮Զ¶һԽС
˷ѿ࣬ҿѷֻ²˶ˣһϰɣȡһٽ£¶ˡ
ݳĻŮӵȻڡ
Դơ
⡣
˷׷ͬ⡣
ɾڴʱԶսкȻϫɱͣҲץĳˣ
ɲ֮䣬ڳ˽Զɫ䡣
ǵҰУϫȻνնһʢĽ׺գبؼ䡣
꣡
ؼ䣬նһֱʱѷ죬󣬺ɨȥ
һĨʵ̫ɲϲ֮УǬУɱնҫ۵˼£
أأأ
ɫ񴸡ᦡӡ񱦱ֱһնΪ
ã

ǿ
ŭޱȵ˻쳹һ죬λͳϫսĶ΢ܣ㱻һնΪѪأ
ǵڻصȴѾС
ԶԶȥһԵޱȣ˸޷š
һ֮£ն񱦣λ΢˭ţһոմ½ĩ֮Ķ΢ܹģ
ȫ𾪣ѻȸ
ֲãֲܹ羳һԴϵĶս콣ֻ֮ˡ
Զ𺧣ͫţૡ
Щ˸Ŀ࣬һܵƵģ𾪵ĳ״
ǻŮݳһ˱³ϫĿһĻʱҲһзɫҲƵƵã粻֮ǰ߰һ̱һĨޱȵȡ
λ΢ʵǺǴ˲£ȴϫһĨɱĻСϫ
ǡɱСɵ壡
˽ǳϫ֮ʱĵһʽʾ֮ɲɱ
ϫӵжΪľŲսʱôжɱöԷˣǰһɼǵ˺ֻۣǶԸ΢ǵԷֵܹ

ϧΪָֻ߳ɣ۷ʱڣɱĿܻô鷳ˡϫҡҡͷ㽫Ŀ˻Ůݳһˡ
һᣬϵ񱦺£ҿԷһ·ȫɡ
ϫڣɫ䵭͸һԵơ
ɶ񣡡
ˣһ½ҲҺ˵
˲Ȼŭбŭɫ֮
Щ˻Ҳ࣬Щ˿ɶϹϫȻ˵ֹǿƣֱǰԵ֮
ѣ֪Ѿ˴죬½ܽҲܵ׷ɱ
ڳ֮УΨǻŮݳ侲ȻڣһȥƾʵܳΪһλūҲһĪ컯ˡ
ǣԭΪϹекεȵĲһҲһȺūĶˡ
ϫЦɱ¶

֪
ȻҵȣСѰ·
ȺŭϹһֱ½ϣ߸ϣĩ֮иҪ÷Ҫܹ꣬衣
Ȼǲϧᣬֻȡˣ
ϫˣ÷ϻнһһ貽һƬӿĽ󣬺¡һѹȶȥ
Ƭ̫ʢޱȣһƬϯǳϫյĻʾڶʽۺΡ
䲻ȡɱСȴ߱Ŵݿѹ֮ΪʺϴΧ
䣡
ϫһ֣췭ظһƬͨأﻯΪ˵ꡣ
Ӽ֣һϣ
ĿһĿɲŮݳ޷ֵȻɫһ䣬г
ѣʶҵѹױʩչǿţһ


1552 ɱ¾
ս
ǻŮݳһ£ˣʱȫ񱦣ϫɱ
ԶԶȥoƿգ֮ʢֱҪǬƣҺĩ֮֮УͳܲסȻˡ
ã㿪
ĿôĻɫȻһ䣬ʶأֶΣһڴȫЮʩչռŲɲǼʧԭء
ͬʱ¡¡һ쳹صıը쳹
ϫһСۺΡͶԷӲʢֹ̫һһն飬񱩹ϼɽܣ˺ʱգƺ֮
Ǳ˴˽ԶǶ΢ƿ򣬼Ÿ񱦣ͳԦŸϷţһսͺñһƬһƬƵģԽ£ɱǬ
ʵҲˣ΢ԳҲζһӳǺ֮
ǿ
Ůݳй߽⣬δˣǿλһϫһһӲҲ·磬һжɫһ䣬ɫ粻
С̫ǿˣ
Ϊӵսֱ˻ǲ½硣
Ͼǵ֪֮У½֮еȼλ̫ʱڵĴԶĿϰƾ
ϫȻǵ̫ʱڵĴŶ΢񾳵ΪҲֻСžĵزƫƫȴʩչȿֲսЩˣ
ν³˿УϫչֳսֱֹǾ

˼ת䣬սڱǲٱʩչȫͳϫɱھʮ֮䣬Բ֮ػսʯ顢عѡձըȵȿɲ
ԼܹתħŭѪȵȾĲ
֮ս
ѳĳַ룬ﵽϸ߶ȣ
⻹ֻһȺ΢֮Ľ棬Ƕ񡢶ȸߴڽ棬ӳֻ»Ҫˡ
ৣ
ϫֽ
ɫɱͶ֮ģнӳճһͼѹ˻ϣն
ԶԶȥ˷һеۻʣͳԦ콣һϵ˭ĸ緶
սܼҡ
ˣϫȴδܵѹȺλԴϵľŲսҪһЩ
ΨһеֵıǻŮݳŮ񷨾ˣһΪֻһ߱㽫ͻƶ񾳽磬ΪҪǣȻһλħ
ħԹ㱻Ϊ֮ͬѹһĴڣܵصƣֻҪһͷڣɲǼѰֶθɱǡ
˻Ůݳ΢óϫһʱҲԶʱ佫Էȫնɱˡ
ԭڣݳޱȵıݣڼ䲻ݷ֮ʵ³ϫıɱһشһ˲㼴ָ
ҲóϫҲǴüͷٲıԣǱԷﲻɡ
ҪǣԷӵ񾧲ûУָֻ߳ɵΪҲעʱ޷ɱԷôֻԳϫԽԽ

ৣ
κ󣬳ϫһתһĨڿգһ谭Էһնɱȥ
ɾҪͷݳٴγ֣ӨȭͷƴӰ㣬ݺһĨϡ
صһ飬ұ򱻽˺飬ܿ죬»ָȱ
겻ɢ
ϫɫɱ䡣
ڣȡʤֿɡ
ŮݳȻڣ㷢٣ݼͶ¶һɸ߸ϵĵȻʡ
˽ԶЦ
սʱ̣ϫ޷֣еһĨʧȡ֮ǿܺɱ
һ³ϫ죬ôҲԴлĪôУϫٲȻһͷޱȵ˭ҧһڡ
ϫһٴγֽɱȥ
ϣҲã־ܣ
һӴȣûеһǹݺݴɱϫǹƿɲ򣬽ʱնͱơ
ͬʱݳһӰΰңٲȻһԷֵļơ

ɾڴʱϫǺȻһĨڽȣ̽һץһλǻԽ֯ɵĴٿȻƾո֣ͷݳֶȥ
ţ
ݳһ͵ʩչһͨ˫ȭأصһݺɨǴ֮ϡ
ȻǣǴ˿ǵûбˣס
ڼͬʱϫһӭƿɱӡ
һĨΪ죬Ȼէ֣ɲǾʧһ޷һĨ
ã
һ𣬻ëȻðܵһΣϢͷ
ȡҡ
ŭ۵һһĨʺնͷ­ŭҲȻֹ
Ѫ䣬ͷڿգһͷʬȻ׹񷡣
һ΢񣬾ʹ˱У

ôܣ
ʲô
˾ŭȻѣһж̫죬Ƕȥ
ݣ
նɱ֮󣬳ϫͣô˻ٴγɱȥ
ݳɱԾҲõóϫҪһƿشҪһɱУļ֮
ޱȣԶԶͬǿܹȣƾǽ߳ɵΪ޷쵽һ
ৣৣৣৣ
ôʱһɲ֮䣬ϫնǧٵÿһޱȣٿת˲ȥƮ޷
ȥ⣡
ϫ̤㽣֮ƿصĵʽϽУ
;ŲһսʱϫƾУһٻ˶ԷߣƵųֻܼ́ƴ
񣬳ϫΪڶʱնɱԷˣҲǹ˲ô࣬ƴŶģһʩչǧٵȥ⡱
һɲǼ䣬ƬнХ糱̶ǣڳ֮ȴܹЩ
ǵҰ֮УЩĹ켣һɲǼʧ޷֪ЩĴڣ
ͺһ㣬쵽˼£
⾿ʲô
˳ܲסΣѹг˾ͱ߰˵ͬʱնϣһ죬նʮ飬Ѫޱȡ
ӣ
Ǳڴеݳˣһҧѡ
γѣֻӡ
ϧվһϫ̫죬ԵǵķӦٶһ֣Ľǡ
һƾնܣٿȻնɱ£
ۣ
˱նͷ­
ۣ
˱ʺһ
ۣ
˱նΪ룬Ҵãȥ
һмͬһʱ䷢Щ΢Ҳͬһʱ䱻նɱ
ǵȳ졢ѪȡԵ塭һױȵӾ
һգۣݳ֮⣬΢һ֮ȫ䣡


1553 
һ֮£ն
ȫ𺳡
ѪƮ֫䣬ǰĲҽأڻصˣǡ
ЩɫͣͫԲš
֮ǰϫɾ̶֮Уһˣ罣еۻʰһն񣬾ȫһ֮£ݿ¾λ
˭ӵս
Щ֪ϫָֻ߳ɵΪֻ»°Ͷˡ

һնɱϫҲǰһ
һɣʵѶǿԴŮݳһ֮ʩչǧٵȥ⡱һ˲˷ȡ㾪˵ս
ãʣ֧ŽŮɱˣһ̣ϫ㽫ĿԶĻŮݳ
ء
Ҳڴʱݳ͵ʩչһ֡󡱵ͨӰһչһͷɫ񣬻׹͵رײǴ
ৣ
һ̣Ӱһ»ָԭģԶԶųϫü΢зɳѤ磬Ϣһǿ˲١
ҳϣ֮ǰС㣬߱ܣѩīǧУҲѷɫκһⶴ΢ڡ
ݳڣڶ֣裬޳ӰҡҷһƬȻĮƾͣκβҡ
ϫǣҵǺ֪˭ôš
˵ʱҲŬָϧЧԶԶȲ񾧣ʱںЧ
Ҳóϫ֪񾧵Ŀɹ֮ѷĩ֮У񾧼ֱǴ粽С
ŵ̸ϣֻڲһʵݳ££˿ȻʵԸΪӵūһԸڶѡ񡣡
ϫɫ
֮УΣݳֱԵ
ʵ΢Σϫʵ
ֻˡݳܻ䣬̹Ȼ˵ֻо߱㹻ʵŻᱻʶ𣿡
ϫЦˣô˵һøл㿴ˣ
ݳüЩóϫ̬ȣһĪԵѾʾ㹻ĳģˣɸ벻ҵķۡ
Դ֮УٲȻһ߸ϵ̬
ϫ˼ǲϹеĴڣͬ㣬½֮˿ȡĶ󣿡
ݳüͷٴ壬ʶ˳ϫ̬ȣ㸺翹ˣ
ϫȻҪĶԼȥȡ
ܺã
ݳһȻˣһĨԭһӰĲ˼顣
ƲǬ
һͨسɴ绹ҪųƲ֮䣬Ǭ׸ģġ
һɲϫǰ׾ӨָƵģгϫš
ৡ
һϫӰƣʩչʱƵƵ֮ǡƲǬҲǺѷɫ
ž
ݳ죬Ʈ裬ȣһֵ£Ǭն飬
һУӰһ޳޺ɨһսңݺݳԶĳϫ
ħսʽ˫񱦰̣ÿһطֲܱޱȵɱ
ϫüħսʽΪϤѲ֮Ǻ㡣
Ⲣηˡ
ϫܣӿգһ򵥲̻Ľâն
䣡
һΣӲһ𣬱ĿĹ⡣
ϫĽһֻȽһ𣬸䣬𣬽ػһƬҡ
৵һݳӰһý裬ȱˣѪʣֳָһǿơ
ԶԶȥ̬޳ȣ滳һͷޱȵ̫ˡ
㿴κβҡݳʺĴȻ·õ
ߣ
ϫߣٴγֽɱһɲǼʩչһϽֶΣ˺ǬɱУɱ˼¡
ݳУҵӰһ壬˫ɲǼӡӰ¡¡죬Զħڷŭɲơ
䣡䣡䣡
һ˲ѣ˾ͽǧٴΣһʩչо˫ɱ֮Ľһʩչų֮ͬѹһ֮ͨ棬ֱâȴǾ춯أ׹ɫ䡣
ء
һײͬʱɡ
ݳԱˣгһĿĵ˰̣Ѫʣɽһ˲ָֻ
ৣ
ɱսʽԵǿȻȫ
ҵҪ㾿ֵܼʲôʱ򣡡ڴˣϫδݣٴγֽ֮Ӳ
ƾԼΪ޷һٽԷͷɱҲζţԷǸɱġ
˵ԷƾǿƥΪϻָÿһεĻָ֮УȻһľŴۻԷҲȻԲ
ϫȵľǶԷ;ƿݵʱ
䣡
ϫٶ룬ʩչɱĽⷽضһƬҵĽ֮硣
ò˵ۼսյսɣݳҲǳϫ֣Ϊֻѱնɱ֪ٴˡ
ۣ
Ƭ̺ݳٴαɨУжʺ˲ָɫȴǱ΢΢Щء
ҲʶԼսϸκβóϫ
أ
һӲݳ˱飬һƬƬѪ֫˵һٴվ
ɫޱȡ
̫ǿˣ
δһ½֮ˣֻ΢񾳶ѣƿȿɲĽսҲеЩ塣
ݳǣʱӵж񾳵ľŲҲ˾Ҳͬһеš

죬Ů˵Ϊδ̫ǿˣѾɱôΣɻܳս
ħǿֻ֮ҪһͷڣɲǼɻָ
ҵһλڻеħϵһѪܵһ
һս˳ȥֻ¶СӲ
ԶһڴĿһսԶɫأ񼤵ѣΪϫ
䣡
һɾ޴˱ʱŤϺ
սеĳϫݳٴηֿ
;ƿݣˣõȵʱӱŷʱκ·
ݳڣɫɷףϢ΢ȴŶ
ϫ죬ɱ֮ˣȻ䣬̧ٴνԷֶȥ
һУǭ¿ˣ
ݳЦϴεĽѵӲѡܡ
ˡ
ɾܵһɲǣϫٴγ֣öӲӵͭǮٿȻʱգճ㣬ɱȥ
鱦䱦ͭǮ
öͭǮƷΣһתʱѹݳͷ֮࣬Ȼ۳һ֮
һɲǣݳɫ䣬ӿֳһĨҺ;塣


1554 սƷ
䱦ͭǮ
˱ԲڷӡŻɬĻƣöͭǮϷֱֳ족ءˡɢ֮񣬴أޱȡ
̫Żʱڣ̫Ͻƾ˱һڴж˲֪ٱųƿ価һк鱦졣
һ˼鱦У䱦ͭǮܹڵڶʮλϣԿ˱кε֮ˡ
񣬳ϫֳ֮䲻ؼö䱦ͭǮһѹݳܣʱȡЧ
أأأ
öͭǮ΢СʵÿһöӵѹǬ֮һʩչʱɫɽͷ֮³еݳݺݼѹն缷Ƶı
䱦ͭǮⲻ̫ϽرУ
ݳϳŭޱȵļУƲš
˵ʱѪշ⣬Ϊת˼£ͼ
ϧպ鱦̫Ż֮У֮ʢֹ価ºɱУܷӳֲޱȵѹ֮
ۣ
ݳѪԲ类һּѹ챬Ľ
ʩչͨȴκβ䱦ͭǮѹӰɹĿռҲС
㡭ѵ̫Ͻͽ
ݳɫ԰ף˻У͸ž֮ɫصڰ
䱦ͭǮ̫Ͻ̡ѵǡԣ̫Ͻͽĩ֮䵽ز
Զϫ䱦ͭǮݳѹĿҪܱɫҲ΢΢һ䣬𾪣ȴɻ
ͬϵ䱦ͭǮ̫Ͻ֮ȴ޷ͨϫС
һУϫһԲרͳԦ䱦ͭǮһѹݳϡ
һսֳĶ̫ץʱ佫ԷɱһǴһ˼ʱ롣
ء
䱦ͭǮɫʢ⣬ѹ£渡ֳһֻɬĻƣͷųɲޱȵѹ
£ݳ˵ѹ˻ɢȻѪգÿһͷž죬ƿҪظ
ÿֲ
Сֻ²ƿ䱦ͭǮֱ޷󡣡
ֹ䱦ͭǮ֮ǰĴƱ֮䱦ͭǮѷɫй֮Ҳһѵޱȵ鱦룬½֮Уĸ΢ƿ
ôһ˵ӵȷԵúذ
Һ˵Ǵƺɽ֮УΪųܲۼˣȴǲȷϣϾǱ䱦ͭǮҪʤһ
Թԣһɽģһ̫Ͻ̵ģκһͽĩ֮бϵ׷ɱأ
Ź֣ʵǹŹ֡
ЩûսɵҲ½к绽ܵ۹;ڣһۿ˳ϫϴڵ֮
Ǹе죬𾪣ָе˷룬ϫеԵ
¡¡
˾֮ʣԶսطһĿգʮɽӶȾɽӲӵɫ
У򴫳ݳǲ֮С
صһȻѪƬ𾪵ǣЩѪƬһѪ͵س˷ȥ
³ϫջǽֻĥ˴󲿷ѪƬмݿߡ
Ҳûκε飬ħ̫ǿᣬͷ𣬱¸ΪҪԶԶԷһ߼ĳرҪɱǼǺѰ쵽顣
ϧ̫󣬷ζȻˡϫŶԷӶݵķһ㲻ٶ롣
һսҲԭָ߳ΪҲٴοҪٿݽߣǸǰУƾܣΪ·
ĩ֮УϢϡޣóϫҲǲòĺͲ⡣
ûκγɣϫʼս
һսУɱ˾λ΢ݳѹսƷʱˡ
ϫѹεĺϸЩսбն񱦡Щ΢ϵһбѹεøɸɾ
Ҳû취飬˴νĩ֮УֻЯ˴䱦ͭǮ鱦Լһһ֮һ֧аʡһڤ¼
֮⣬
֮ҿƷʵɱ֮ҪһЩ䣬񾧡
ô٣
κ󣬳ϫɨսѼ񾧣΢΢һ
λ΢ϵ񾧣£ʮ߿ţһ֮ϡٵĿϫҲЩ졣
ɴҲóϫ֪񾧵ĴǶôϧͱˣĩ֮ˡ
֮⣬սƷһЩ䡢ĺ鱦񱦲ŲǺͨĺ鱦Ҳ㽣ʮ֮һֵ
ЩԴܶһΪʹǾٺòˡϫһ㽫սƷ
뿪ĩ֮ǰϹ֮УҲǱҪ֮һ㣬ûǴ粽С

սĻûãһִ˽Զ·˴С
ûҵ˭Ҳ׼뿪䣡ɫϾ´һּ⣬ղűһսᵽһصΣ
ЩҲһǿǰǶԾһ޷ֻ
һУŴҴ뿪ǰȥҳϫ
Ǹθ鷳ˡ
ǰϫһ񾧲ĵһǸȻ˵
Ȿע飬㡣
˻֣ҲصҵȣϹеڤڣƬҩڤƿصĲҵ䣬ѾŷԮϢòһ죬ǿ߸
ڤڣ
ϫ˼ѷģұ뿪ٸ鷳
лˡ
ȷ޷óϫ¶Էղƾһ֮һɱ¾һ뵽Щȥǿ߱бһأеޱȡ
ЩдӡϹӵܡԼһЩѩīǧеǿߡһ𣬸ܹġ
ϫҲԼܲµһ㣬вЩǸȻ֮ԼҲǿλϡ
վԷԼæȴԼһĻңóϫЩⲻȥ
룬Ҫսѹεĺ鱦սƷȴԷһԾܾˡ
òϣҲá
˵⣬ϺȻӿһĨԥ֮ɫãŵϫܹĩܷ֮һСæ
ϫԣʱһѵ޷ܰ쵽Ҷƴǡ
ˣʱһϲֻһС¶ѣ˳ֱ
ϫ˵ͷЦؼǣ񻹲ҰһܹϹҶҲһ֪ѲҪߡ
ܼ򵥣һԼ֪йϹһж㡣Ц
ϫһǾõ仰أ


1555 ֮
ĩ֮򣬳ϫɶϹ֪٣治ǾһƬڡ
Ϲ֪ӵнһǧÿһٵİٸްǧ
һʼϹһС
ԣϹʵһǧͬԼǧγɣ󣬿Ǻɳ
λ治ͬǣΨǿ߷ܹϹ㣬Ρ
Ǭӯų֮ŲͬԵϢκλ涼Ȼͬ
Ҳųȣ˲֪£ųƲ࣬һεġԪ١Ḳʧˡ
֪ĳ֣ڻ֮УϹͬҲڻ磬ֻȫͬġ
һֻ磬ӵԼļԪ
ÿһμԪĳһƬռӳսᣬսĹ̡
磬ɴ磬Ԫٳɡˡڤ磬һӵսᣬٵĹ̡
ֵһǣÿһμԪһ֡ѡܿ⣬ħܹŤתһԻеıԴɲ֮
Ϲ涼ͬӵһ쿪ʼֱ¹ȥҲδκμԪ
ȹ̶㣬Ϣ֮ǡȡֱ֮
ҲΪܾ֮أ֮Ҳֻǵλݺң
һǧ򣬳ǧ
ϫ֪һУҲ𺳲ѣҲףԭϹ򲢷ָһƬ棬ǰÿһ֮л
һֱѩīУ˽ļ٣Ϲ򾿾ж󣬴ĲͬҲû˵
̾ϢִʱŻеһС
ϫͷΪȻ
ϫѯһЩѩīйص顣
֪޲ԣ޲
ԭѩīϹ֮ҲĸԭڣΨͨ򣬷ܽĩ֮С
ͬĩִ֮Ϲͨյ㣬ѩī
ϹЩУĩ֮һΪĴڣͨ½λ棬Ϲ˳µĹؼá
ңĩ֮ĻҲΪ⣬еܹϢ֮䣬ǿϵƿصĸֵνϵ¶һݣϹ֮УѰٵĩ֮Ƶĵط
Ҳˣĩ֮ϹЩһƬѵҩ԰һɹԳ
Ҳֻĩ֮֮УֲڵҩЩУĩֵ֮ڣ
ô˵ĩֲ֮ҩϹ֮еϷˣϫüʵ
ͷ֮ǰսЩǿߣѩīеĲͬ
ô˵Ļĩ֮ѩī֮ͨôѰˣϫ׷ʵ
ĵģΪȻ֣ȻЩѩīǿ߿ĩ֮ôȻҲӦĩ֮ѩīͨŶԡ
ͨȷڣɲ˭ܽġ˵ţԭг
̫Ͻ̣һУϫɫʱһ
ԣһͨϹͨһֱ̫Ͻѳ֣̫Ͻפһǿߣʵ͵Ҳж΢񾳣ڣһλѲڴˡ
ֹˣҪ̫ͬϽ̽һʲƵĲƸҪ̫Ͻؿˣһ˽Я½ǿߣᵱ޻ء
̫֮Ͻ̰ѿصһͬǽֹһ½ǿ߽ģ
̫ϽϹе𣿡ϫסʵ
ĩ֮УȻܹѳסһͨЩϹȡ·ѡд˿֪̫ϽϹеӰֻҲСˡ
ͨϫ仰һжϳϫӵ䱦ͭǮҲȻ̫Ͻ̵ͽˡ
ϾԼҵӲ֪Լģ
ǿһǿ
ɫص֪̫ϽϹ֮еɽţѩīǧУЩȴһֱѿŴ˵ͨѩīǿļҲԴ˲Թԣ֪̫Ͻкεȿֲˡ
ɽŲѩīȴѿѩī֮һĩ֮ͨ
ϫУû뵽̫Ͻ̵͸֮ԶϹ֮УҲ죬ʵ˳ϫϡ
㡭ò̫Ͻгɣϫɫ粻סʵ
ϫڵ
һ𣬵һͬҲû뵽ϫ̫Ͻ̣һʱ֮侹֪˵Щʲôˡ
Һ̫ϽûǿҲ½ļһ˳ͨˡϫƳһۣЦ
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ǲùɲұʹֹˡϫૣһĨ֮ɫ
ΣҲҪϹģԷѪսһƴҲҪˡ
Ȼиõѡ񣬳ϫԲѡԷӲƴףϾԣ̫Ͻ̿ǲڶפ֮ͨǰ
ȥһץʱˣ˵ٹãһͨͻᱻرգһοʱҲҪ֮á
Ȼѵ
ϫͷ
ǰĩ֮ʱоһ˿ԤףԲԡ
ˣ֮ǰк£ϫʵ
ԥһ£ִܵѩī򣬻ǰеڤһˣϥΨһŮУĸ޶ֻۣǳĹδ̤񾳡
˶٣óһݸϫѣѴｻŬУܲ׾ҪҵİΣֻҪܹǵУҡˡ
ϫû뵽Լһæû뵽ԷԼһİˡ
Ȼº΢ǣԷˣͲСˡ
ãҴӦܽѩīһǰڤһ⡣ϫӹ˵
ظ߳ĮϺظһĨɣмǿɾȶлˣʵԴǧǰĩ֮򣬱ûлȥһˣǲԸʵų棬Ҳ޷ͨһͨ
˵ɫ䲻ӿһĨ˸С
㡭Ϊλңϫסʵ
ΪˣȻѰˡԥԴ֮жλһäĿĳݡ
óϫһûʵѣλݡ
˵꣬ЦǸȻǸ治й¶Ѿܾòǰĩ֮ˣȴͻأǰҶ⡣
˶٣ջǽסѵѣ֪ݣǰϺһˡ֮һԵܴлһĪԵء


1556 Χɱж
Ϻ
ϫ룬ջҡͷѩī򶼻δִĻ˼ȥϺ
һͼ˳ϫϱ߻ѩīǧͼлעǰڤڵı·
һУ뿪ϫʱȫĻָ
ΣǱ뿪˵ˡ
ϫһԺʼ
֮ǰһսĻɺ󻼲δʹ˸һԼʱԴϵһ׷ϣǺԲ롣
ԣ뿪
ȥڴ˵Ҫǿ


һƬ߲ƵĹУһɫ˺ʱգݺԶ
Ƭ̣һĲҽдԶ
üò˶ãӶԽ֮Ϊ֣֪Ҳ˲ѡУŲ̾
ԣһڻҲ׷׸Ͳѡ
һϮۣݿ𹭼ֶһ̴ӣЦǲؿޣԼ֮жٲࡣ
˵ȴǷһĨȻ֮ɫ
һϤϤһһ˻Եӣ
ʵô֮ãɱ˰ɡ쿴Ҳֵ

۵һһ£ֱǾꡣ
ģԭΪĩ֮ƽ֮ϯ½磬ܹץһЩ˭룬ЩʵԽԽˡ
ЩɺҡҡͷͻȻ뵽ʲôˣǸСӵϢ
˻һڳɫԶЩ˵ǳϫǸƻǿ½ˡ
ǾŲɫĲ㼷ˮϴ׷ɱϫʱ㱻ɱһֱ֮
ԭڣʱӲǿġֻ֮ܺͶԷɱ·硣
ȤСӾȻܶܵڣѱΪūˡЦ¶һĨζ֮ɫ
ǣѾֻʣʱˣٲȥɾ޷μŮٰġᡯˡŲһԥѵ
ֵǻʱü
ಣ
ʱԶȻһƿһĨѪɫɲǶڰһͣ٣ٿȻһŮӵģ
һϮ£㷢٣ɫ񾲣ȻǴӳϫݳ
ֻ˿̵ɫȴɷ͸һƬϢήңȻδг׻ָ
ݳ˺£
Ҳ׷ײĿ¶һĨɫǿɶݳһħߣһΪֻһ˿̤㶴񾳣ŲСԷˡ
ɴʱȴԪˣһǱģβˡ
ӱǸʵ̫ǿжʧˡݳɫɬ
Ѳµɵݳ˵ʱǸеЩš
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ݳһսеһһһ֮
ʲôƾһ˱һնɱ˾񣬸ɱ㣿˾ɫòѡ
;ŲһۣҲ˴еľɫԶԣ˻򶨡
ھŲԼ㱻ϫܣοЩˣķݳܡ
һλ񰡣Ҳܵң
֮˼֣һսԶѰһҲΪУΪɲ鱦
ܿ죬ݳ͸Ǵ𰸣һ̫Ͻ̵䱦ͭǮ
ʲô
һɲǣŲ붯ݣд˿ɼ䱦ͭǮرǴ˺εȳ
ûɣ̲סʵ
ῴȻ䱦ͭǮҶϲܻܵ˲ҡݳҧ͸һŨŨĲʡ
ô˵ѵ̫ϽͽŲüɫޱȡ
϶ǡԥ񶨵̫ϽͽĻ᲻ĩ֮Ĺأ
ҲǣһΪδֶһҲΪеһ鱦ݳ
ŶĿԶˢˢݳ
ΪǼ鱦ƺƺǴݳԥãŲȷ

һ
ôһ˵ƺпܺɽϸս佣̺֮ϷɽмΪƣʱұɣֻǲȷŰˡŲһԳ
Ź֣СǺеκһйϵͷɾЩˣƫƫأȴһĩ֮ƺ˵صĹأʵЩŹ֡
ԣҲɻѡ
ߣԽˣԽڴ´ˡأ캱¶һĨ֮ɫŽﰡȫһȺˣսԣ
һ׷׵Ӳɣ
ӣΣҿְɣŲҲһȰ⡣
Ǵѩīǧ֮УҲȨĶƿǺ̫Ͻ̱Щˡ
ɽһͳɾˣû˼ɽⲢɽǿˡ
ŲϹ֮Уйɽ֮˵ĴţҲʤ˲֪
֣ߣûбݣΪҪ֣Ųһ̿ʼǴĩ֮еȫϵȫΧӣһ̵ԵЩƵ
˻ҪȰʱͰ˵İ죬ȫ𣡡
˶ʱ첻ԡ
ӣҾô»֪ͨһ̫ϽΪףһСҪ̫ϽͽǺɾˡŲãջûס˵
ԲУնǵУйشӵһϢԲй¶һ˿һ
ŲˣжʱףԼǿСϵ䱦ͭǮʹһɱڣ
ʼж˻֣˴жʧܣⱲӱһֱĩ֮ɣ

ৣ
ҹ£һӰʱ֮䣬ϳԶɳ۶ȥϸ۲죬Ѱٵټ
طͬĩ֮еҹɫԵøɭûǣûŨīڡ
ȻƲֹնɨӶͬʱҲǽҲһͬڱˡ
һɶݵӰǳϫһ߷Уһ߽񾧻ָΪѻָ˽
⻹ԶԶ޷ӳ۷һŲǵȼĸ֣·һ
ҺãóϫοǣԼܵĽƣܹڱȫĳЩͨĿֲڣѰ֮·ټҲԸ֪Ϣ
ԻָȫΪϫ֪ͷ԰Լһҹ㲻屻һ˵׷ɱˡ
ΨһϫеüǣƾԼսδ̫Ͻذأ˳ѩī֮У


1557 Ƥľ
ѩī򣬱뾭һ̫Ͻѳֵͨ
ͨǰפһ̫ϽͽΪ͵Ķж΢񾳣񾳸
Ϊϫǣ˵һѲ߮һ֮ͨǰ
Ӵɭϵֻӵж΢ΪĳϫͬҲǸеޱȡ
ؼǣԣһͨڶʱڹرգһ·Ҫ´οҪ֮á
ҲζţϫҪͨͱһʱڲȡж
һָȫʢʵҲֻܹͶս϶񣬾ѻʯ
ҹ£ϫ˼
ǿƿš֮ĿֲڣʵѴﵽеķ׶Σһ涨졣
ϫʦεǿᣬҲֻһ𡰶񡱶ѣ񣬿ڶ֮ϣ
ˣѰٵȥ̽һʵҲã֮ȫָΪ֮ܽСɡزٺòˡ
˼ȥϫδһҡҡͷٶ롣

īҹɫ£ϫһ·ŲƷɳۡ
;֮ϣһƬһƬҩһһĴ䣬֮ǰڵĴ伸һģһ
жڶҩūһλϹǿҩֲҲǡڵҩ
ǸѰϫ˵ûѹһЩڵҩϧǣڱ׷ɱҪѾ˼ѩīҲû˼ȥ֦ˣٺӰж
;ҩʹ䣬ĩ֮д඼ǻߵɽءҰԼӵɳĮ
Щ򣬴ҲݷһЩΪɬǿϢħһ˵
ڴˣϫֱƿȥ̽ѰǾǺεȴڣʱǻ˵ġ
ٹãҪˣŲٱе½ǿߣһЩԵˡ
ϫóһݵͼϸ
ģϱ߻һЩйĩ֮ĴֲΪªȴóϫжϳԼںεˡ
ֻҪܽԼ˵ٷգȴѰٵᣬɱ׷ɱԼǿˡ
ͼϫһƵֱӽ֮С
ɾڴʱڳϫ֮ƵĽƺȻһȦһOO@@˲䲶׽ס
Ȼƾܲ׽
ϫһڣϢؽ棬ԶһƬqqɭֿȥ
׳գСһЩ
ߣҹ֮£˭ܲǣ
ۼαװĩ֮У˭ҲȲǻƤľˡ
һȺѵû˵ܾʮеġ١򸾣Ϊ̫⣬Ϲеһλˣǵ³עǱΪҩЩãѵҲ뱻Ϊҩ
һƬqqɭֻﷶΧľβ߲ƣžҹɫͶڵһƬӰ
ڳϫУɭȴʮľΧľȫһ˵ǱľһģһȴľһƼΪɬϢ
ϢѰľ㣬ȴһ˿ԵɣǴҴҲ̽ԷǵĲͬ
Գϫܣڲơ£Ҳ޷ϳǵĲͬ
֮ǰϫеʮùľ
Ƥľ壿ȤǾƺΪ򸾡
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ЩƤľ塱̸ԣȻǰѡ١ͬࡣ
СһЩɣ֮ǰ˵ѩī죬ȫץһ½ˣ˵˲ЩûһЩ
˭죿˭½ˣ
ԵȣҺ߸Ǳһ
ãá
Ȼ֮䣬ڳϫҰ֮Уùľһɺڹ⣬ǶȻˡ
һݿǹһĨЦǴ죬һһϮ忡ǿհ嫣Ȼǳϫģ
óϫһ𣬰ԳԾѡ
ֻǻû֮ķۣóϫԾǣԷûġ족͡ϫֹģʡϢչֳȾȫһģһȻҲһ˿
ϫעŶԷûġϫʱ㻳ǾǲԼ
ѵЩƤľյ
ϫоֻ̾û̫֮죬ڤġǧ۹ҪֲǸ֮УһǻûԼģҡײƭֻǳû˻ȥǲԼˣ
ˣˣʩչʧһƤǧ۰
ǡ족Ȼһðһƺڹ⣬ʵһƤңٿȻٴλһùľģ
ٺ٣ֲǱԴ֮ġƤʲô
ǡϫЦЦЩֻ
ߣ˵ĵɣʮֵ֮Уֻϴƾ豾Դ֮۳ƤڱĿϷţ
ߵ
ƤܹڱĿϫһ˼
ס죡˵ٴˣйҵܾһЩ֪ҵıԴģһšƤɣ
һһֱĬĹľڣŭޱȣȻЩƤľ塱еġϴˡ
ϴһڣƤľʱ
ϴǴʬѾˣҪҪչжɱһЩǰϫģļһʵ
ж٣
ʮߣ½ʺ⣬ԶԶûϹеļһóԡ
ô٣
ϴҲã⼸첻ɳ׷ɱǸ½ίһ£ʱͻ˵ģ䵱նһЩϹ
ϫģ߲ҽеΪʲôң
ߣǻƤľ岻óսίˣҼסǵսֻɱ΢һ͸ϽӣûУϴԸ
ף
Ƥľ׷״Ӧ
λ׵ЩˡڴʱȻһȻ
˭
һڻƤľȻУܵŵĺƵģҡ׷Ҫߡ

һǻƵĴֶ£ķ˼ǵ·Ӳȫ޿ӡ
ͬʱϫǾεӰڳУĿһɨЩʧһÿùľҵģȥɱˣͬ𣿡
½ˣ
ôܷǵټ
죬ˣȻѰٵǵټ
׳գʱǹʱ𣿡
һȺƤľ࿪ڣֻޱȣըƵġ
һȺʲôƴˣλϴشŭ


1558 ȡ
䣡
һڻƤľ嶯֣̹⣬ӶƵĴִ֦ҶݺݳԶĳϫɱȥ
ǵıһľƴɸһжһ˽ýݺʱգһoͷųֲܡ
һɲǼ䣬ƬɭٿȻ촷ۣɫ䣬ҹɫʢ̹ȡҫƥ
ɱɱСӣ
͵˵һˣ
ԣɱ
ϫһüûκγɣӰһϵһ
ৡ
һƺƵĽƿա
ʾڶʽۺΣ
ءӿĹѹ飬мܲסһѱѹĭһ
¡һǳɱʮƤľ壬ݺϣ͵س󷽵ȥ֦Ҷ˲֪ж١
ЩһȻóսʵڶ΢ֻ֮һ֣ϫʱжϳ˶Է͡
һʵҲЩŹֵóǱΣûԼļ
ϧǿֶѱϫʶƣӲ£ʮһϣҲԶԳϫκв

ãһɱզ죿
ĻҲҪ͡١һΪˣ
ԲԣǱɱᱻȥƸֹƻĵƤңĻᱻƳ񵤡
ޣ⵹ҲԣǵƤҲֵǮ
һȺսǡЩȱ۵İ׳ջñɱƤ
ϫеȻǣЩƤľһ֮󣬾һλϴ󡱴ѡ
ʵϫ⻭Ƥľĩ֮е壬̥ÿǧһġ
ֱʮģһӵ纣ǻۣʼ֮
δģǻۺͶͻԵ޶ۣӵ֮⣬ѰޡҲ
ͨ׵㽲ЩûĵĻƤľǡȱۡ
ǰЩƤľ壬ֻǵϴʮģԲŻʹͬ׳պ޴
ϫԴ˲˽⣬ȴǿжϳԷ֮УҲֻλϴ󡱲Ƥľı֣ɽҰҲûʲô
ৣ
ЩͷһϫĶδͣϳԷʵսپĴ㡣
һĨٽա
һĨؼУһпʱգкɨЩƤľȥ

ӣҸоҪˣ
һƵĽУһĨ۵һֱӽһƤľնΪ
һһƬŨޱȵ̹⣬Ȼ۳һƬӨӨ͸ģڰһתҪߡ
ϫƿŵĴ͵ֶ£ֱӽһƬץС
ĳ֮״ⱦǵıԴˡϫһͽ
찡Ͼűɱˣ
ô죿
һӰɣҲһɱˣˡ
һڻƤľУֻ̱ӣһƵƨӡ
һȺ
λϴñףŭ𲻶ϣҪ衣
ৡ
ڴʱһĨնʱŵλϴһ£֦ҶҲӰһҲҪӴܡ
ϧλϴ󣬻Ƥľ壬ѱϫܣͱ·
գϫٴնɱƤľ壬ĻƤľʱŵóɥʧ־ȫڵأĲѡ
񣬴
ҵԸУˡһ
ԶԣֻҪǻʲôǶӦ
ϫһĻЩĸо
ͷһսӵһս֮ƫƫȴרս˵ûǰɣƫƫսһЩ޹ؽҪ飬˵еǰɣŵùĲѣȻûһ˿Ϻ͵ߡ
֮һս⣬ϫҲͷһ֡
Ҳԡϫһڵ
뽲
һڻƤľϲ
ѡƤұһ·ϫĿġ
Ƥ
৵һ£ЩƤľĿˢˢһϴ
ƤֻӵʮĵĻƤľ۳λϴڳ֮Ψһһ۳ƤĻƤľ
λϴݱòҪҵƤɴɱҵˣ˵ţͦͷ­һģ
ϣ
ԣϫֱһֱָϴһĨɱ֮ѹȶȥǾԸ

ϴ͵ػһڵأҡҽ
ϫҡͷЩһﻹǲţ֮ǰأһ̾ͳήˡ
ˡ
һĲϴſһ磬³һƵģŨ⣬ܹķʮ꣬ÿһ궼ӡͼƣͷų˵Ϣ
ֻһۣϫҰо͸ֳһ½ľ֮࣬ϲŭ֡֡
ǳϫļᶨͱʧС
ǡƤϫһһƬϼһȡߣǰ
λϴʧȥ˾ƵģϢһήҵ˼£ƤҲ޹⣬;ƿ˰㡣
ҵģκһ˵ģҲѱα
ϴɳƿڵУֻʹΣ֮󣬱᳹һա
˵вͶһɱ룬ıԴ֮ÿǧһģʮƬģҲζΪ˸ʮǧ£
ȴԼĹˣԲˡ
ƤľˣҲԶ¶һĨЩľ廹һͬģ
ϫ룬һ˳ȥҵһЩ⣬°ɡ
˵ɣƮȻȥ
֮УɱݳЩͬʱѹεһЩ䣬̸ֵ϶أԲЩƤľ壬Ҳǳϫһˡ
ʱֹɱҪɱ˸Ҫ
ﵽϫȾ磬ľѺͬɱ¾ȫµ֪Σ£ӲΥģ˱㹻ˡ

Ƥе䱦Ǯ԰յģһԴһ֮ͨɻˡ
Уڷɳ۸·ĳϫЩϲá
䱦Ǯ̫Ͻ֮ո̫Ͻ洫ӣϫżȻһŻƤľģǡ԰յģȥһ̫Ͻ̰ѳֵͨ
ãԲѴ֮Խѩī֮У
ţöǿϢˡ
һ󣬳ϫٿȻֹĿңңԶֻԶľ󣬺֮ǰȫһģСǬת֡ζ
ֻԶһεߣط룬һīһѪɣȴùضɭȻ
ϫ֪ƬѪɫ֮Уĩ֮ġ


1559 뷨
һߣȫͬ
һīžһѪˡ
ϫһ֮ǰҹ۹֮Ѫ޵硣
ҹǡҩԶѪǡ
߳ϫģҩ֮Уҹ棬֮⣬Ѱ沢
ͬһƬѪɫֵ磬ûа磬ҲûкҹɽɭϿȣԶֳѪɫ
͵أһƬ죡
ȻϫҩĲֻͬȱ龰Ҫıڣ֮֮Ҳȫͬġ

ৣ
ûгɣϫӰһ㴩һصߣ뵽֮С
˵ҩһƬľôԿԳƵһƬѪɱ¾֮ء
˵ǿƼϹеǿߣԽ˵ص֮ݺУͬʱ౻½ĩ֮Զ֮УΪ
֮һƬɱ֮أߺ֮Ŀ⣬ʴȡ
ͬߺĽɫҲ̶һ㻹ߣһ̾Ϊе
ʷϣҲЩϹеǿߣڴʱȴеɱӡ
һУ˳ϫԸһ֮Уϫʱ߾裬ȫһͷԱ뵽Σķɭ֡

ৣৣৣ
ڳϫսãһӰ˺ʱնΪ׵ĺȻԴϵ졣
ȻˣСӵǻŲǵִϢӸطһǰΧɱӣһһĨɱ֮ɫ˵
ӣЩ鷳ƶȫ֮ߣжһԵľŲ
ǵСʹáƤʵ
ǰ׷ɱϫ·ϣҲǷ˳ϫͻƤľսĵطץЩҴĻƤľ塣
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źǣһ˲ǳϫڵ֪һ֮󣬱㽫ЩƤľȫڵġ
£ҲƿصйسϫϢһ·׷϶֮ǰ
ǡƤûΣųԿαСһƤûģǴ룬޷׷ɱŲü
ȻЦŲˣͨѩīһͨرգ֮гЩϹǿ߲඼뿪£ǸͲСӻʲôģֻҪκˣһĨɱˡ
ȫɱˣŲһ
ֻҪСӣ֮еȫɱֺηƳ˾ŲһۣЩԷĽ̬ȡ
Ų̾ϢһɱԽ࣬Ҫ̫Ͻ̽㹻񾧣һʲСĿʮڣ޷֮ȡ㹻ˡ
һЩ񾧶ѡ͵һЦΪΪȻֻҪСӣж鱦һЩʲôҪ֪ǴУҲֻӵȼ鱦ѡ
ŲˣʱٶȰΪѾԼҪ߳ϫеˡ
ֻϣɽ̫ϽκιϸɡŲ̾˿
ৡ
һûٳɣ뵽֮С

ѪĲ£ϫڹɫ֮пٷɳš
϶ԣ߿֮з԰ȫĵطˡϫܣһֱŽи
У߬񾧣Ϊ
ֱʱһѻָųңѿҪﵽ۷״̬Ҳĵʮ񾧣ѽʣ²ʮš
ľ磬ÿһ޸Ҫľʮ񾧣ҲζţʣµЩ񾧣ֻôΡ
ϫϸţҸɱ񣬼һƶϴòϸݣʣЩ񾧣ǿܹ֧ȫսΡ
ĻƺѾ㹻ˣɱˣһΣյսĵҲ޷ģ
ǲܲǸöð
ϫ̾ӵв˼õĲ磬ȴΪ˼ƵĴڣЩΡ
ţ
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͸߿ǱĺӳҰһɽɽ۾ͨ죬ǧɣ˳ɫʯɫľκγ֮
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Ϣܵ㣬ǳϫ֮ԶѰͱɱιȥ
һȻһ𱻷ڴ˵ص½ǿˡ
ϫһɣջ
ԸƺЩе½ǿΪΪͬҲǴ½ǰǻֻ֣Ҳ类Ǵ
ϣûȥɡ
ϫҡҡͷתȥѰᶯ˼ͶԷΪͬ飬һһͨѩīͨ
ڱ׷ɱѱԲȥ߶ŶԷ

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ţ
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ϫһλߡ
¡
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߱俪ڣдڵԹֻɱ㣬Իϵ㷨ţñʵٴһȥһͨʱᰲȫһ֡
Ȼˡϫü
ǰʱ˵ҩĲ֮ͬ
򣬽Զڲ֪յ㷨š
ҩеڰЩͷ֮󣬱ڴ֮УΨֲڵҩܽЩȡȻ˲ߢʹá
е֮£ֻҪɱһ֣ϵͷžͻᱻ˲ΪսƷΪʤӵУ
ζʲô
ζֻҪвɱ֣ػ˼ȥ򣬾ڶʱڻøͷţ


1560 
֮£ɱ֮󣬵յķűᱻʤá
ֱɶԷͷΪҲûʲô
һУϹǿߵĵطڡ
ǰĩ֮ԣ֣ıΪ˴϶ȡͷš
ڣǺȻѳϫҪɱƿصͷš
Ϊ˽һͨѩīͨʱܹһְգҪҶԵУϫɫһӱ䣬ҲһĨɱζ
ˣ㻹ĩ֮ĿɲЩ½ˣֹҪЩǿߵɱҪʱʱ̺̿򿹺⣬һڴʮ£ϵͷžͻᱻᣬΪһ
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ϫ¶һĨмϼһָϹо㳤棬ȻͲϹ򾿾һˡ
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¡¡
˽ںڣɷƿ񱩵򣬸һӿգһƬɱ£ԵΪĿ
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أأأ
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У޼᲻ݣ
á
ɫ䣬Ӧ۵һ죬ұɣѪȾ͸ա

ʹ˻ɫŤһƬףߵˣĻҳɣͳԶɶݶȥ
ȻˣǾͳ°ɣ
ϧһϫ׷ϣһɱ͸Ѫкա
ˡ
ͬʱϫע⵽ǺڵĲ֮ϣظֳһѪɫУ͵һתӲǺʬаʢޱȵĹš
һ֮һֳָĵ䲵ӡ
ಣಣ
Ÿһ֣֮ƵģҪѪɫɡ
Դĳϫˣɼ֮ǰ֣ɲǼ㲶׽ԼС
ˡ
Ѫɫ͵һ㼴Ȼѣ»ʧڳС
ϫӰһ뿪ս֮ء
յ蹦
һͰɽ͸С
û뵽žǴޱȣʣһ㽫Ҳصķͻ⡭
ϫϥϸеš
Źţ̺ķ̫࣬ޱȣдԲ϶Щ꣬Ҳɱ˲ǿߣ϶㷨š
һ˼ϫԵɣסһ̾ɱ¾ɿ񣬴ѪȣΣķһЩɱ¾Ǹɱġ

ûٳɣϫʼһ̺ĹţһɹϪƵӿУʼѭ

ڳϫɱǺߣ뿪һ֮һǿƿնԼĪ߰ˣһһ۾ϸ֪
һǰ˵ս
սˣǴ½ץһ֮˵ϢļΪ񡣡
джϣǴ˴εĶ֣Ȼ뿪á
˵ţ͵۾ЩɲԣҾ޷жϳܵ·ߡ
ŶΪһɫѩףһԽɫͫ׵üĪϢʧˣ
˵ĿҲ׷ꡣ
ӦĳڱϷţҵġѰҲѰϢɫص
Ҳһݡ
¬ͤһĸ֪֮ѰؼκϢѲסĸ֪
ڽ죬¬ͤȴ˵޷áѰĿϢʱһ˸е̬ԡ
֪ͨӣƬӵ֣ȫƬ򣡡ͫüƬ̣ϡ
ǣ
һ˹Ӧŵóһ鰵ɫӡһ־㱻顣
ž
ɫ飬һĨɫʱһš
ͩ磬ǽô¬ͤʵ
չжȫƬ򣬳ǵ֮⣬˭ɱۣͫɱڵ


ڳϫһܻ֮ĵ̬ѭӳĵóϫԴ֮УׯϣüһƬγ
Ƭ̺
¡һӳϫڴһɺĵɲ֮䣬Ƶ֮˲ӿڣʧ
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յ蹦򣬱ҶԷ֮ƿؾһ֣ٶδ̫˼һЩ
֮ı仯ϫв̾һԺߵֱ͵ҩһ㣬زʹĦֱӾͽķ֮һ˿
ЧֹǾˣֱǺţ
Ҫ֪֮ϿԶƾȥʱ䣬Ҳһ˿
ֲЩϹǿ߽Զ׷ɱ¾ջֻ¶˭ܹܾġ
ϫһҲһ˿ڴǰٶȳȥֻò˶ãԼԽ֮ӳžĵزСɵزˣ
ʱϾŲһ񾳴ڣϫĽ䳹ɱˡ
ϧһ̺㷨̫ӣޣʺҡϫóһţһջǾӡ
лѩī֮УóȥһһЩʹãԼǲȥġ
ԭܼ򵥣ƿصķţӳǿȥϰеķţɸԼûʲôʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ţ
ϫ뿪ͰɽиأأƸ֪ʲô͵תơȫڱ
ͬʱһ̸ӼԶ


1561 û
ɶѰ˰죬һֻ϶ûСѵƾʧˣ
¬ͤϵܣáѰ֪һ£ѰȥҲǰװ˷ʱ䰡

ǺãұټһطٲУҲû취
İɣò˶ãӵ־ͻ˷ʱǾͲôˡ

һ̸ϫʶ֮Уԭ֮Ľȴϫǡơ׽ԵüΪ졣
ӣ
ϫһݣʱףЩ˿Ϊ׷ɱԼ
겻ɢ
ϫһɱƣױŭˡ
ӽĩ֮һ̿ʼĪرԴϵһΧɱ
ֱ񣬶ԷȻɲŹԼóϫˡ
ҲҵҪ֮У˭ߣ˭ˣϫжʱϡ
Բ֮ڣκοɵϢ¬ͤٴ
ߣǰһ򡣡
ৡ
УͫͩһѰ޹ڿնȥ
ಣ
Ǹ뿪ϫӰڰУЩ뿪ķ򣬴ǷһĨĻȡ
һ̣Ҳʧڵ

һӺ
ͫͩһһƬɽǰ
ɽبؼ䣬ͨѪɽʯᾣ鲼ųɫֺͺΪ
˵ɽ֮࣬ڶ࣬һ飬ֿжɡ
Ϊ׵ͩüãŻֵסֻѰһֶԷټǧҪͶԷӲСӵʵþŲҲеΪ֡
۳ɹмһ֮ڴ˵ػϡ

£ͩߵ˷ĸСӣĸԶɽѰȥ
ǻȻûз֣뿪ãһӰٿȻһ򣬱ٴʧ

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ѪޣǲѪҺ̺֮ŨҵԾûѩīԶһʮ񾧡
ӳƬɽһ޺ķԴϧؿڵ
߰ɣԺлᡣ
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ȵȡ
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ȻҲ֣ǼԶɽУһӴѪɫӰɽ
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аɣţѪ֧̽µѪɫÿһ̤һɽһأƿޱȡ
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ŭһ͵ػӶͭҪһĨ
գһ˿ֻһ˿ȴҪһĨ̫죬Ĳ˼飬ֵҲ̫ͻأԭͲһƬһһ֮£ֱӶʺ
ۣ
ƵһĨѪŽ𣬶˵꣬һĨֱ黯ޡ
ʱͫţأԹһĨ֮ɫգӰȻ׹䣬ɳƵģ׹档
ѣ
ǻĿһĻĿѣɫŤŭʧ
ҲˣʶԼһqqĻԲ֣﷢⣬Լܡ
ˣ
У˷㤵ǣֱʱûֵܷ˵ټ
𡭡
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һж̫죬ڵʯ֮䣬ӺͻӾ˫˫ɱʼղŲգһգ۵Ĺѡ

֮Ѫɫٴγֻ֣һһӳһӵʬϿգһǻӵʬϿա
ڴˣϫѼ죬ɼֶȥʱջĸš
̺̺֮㷨š
һУϫǺɣ뿪ԭأٴʧ

ڳϫ뿪Ƭʱ䣬һӰԶƿն
λˣ
ȸϵǽͫͩһֳ׷˺£ɫʱ
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ѵһ֮£ͽǶɱˣ
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ǻԥʲô׷׷һܷŹĻˣЪ˹ŭ

Ȼֹͩһָ侲Էʵ̫ǿٴηɢֻ»ᱻˣ롣
ԣͬͷһˮŭ𣬻ָǣҲʶĽȡ
ͩ磬㿴Ǹô죿¬ͤʵ
һжͬʱ֮ǣǰ˵أȻⱣɶǶԣҲͬһΧɱĻᣬܾʹ˴ʧ˻ᡣ
ͩĿ˸ٷԸ
˼ƿУ
Ͱͩ˵İ졣
˷Ըͷͬ⡣

Ȼû׷
ɽԶһϿУϫһٲǰʯϣüЩһﵹҲ
룬ϫջǾʱƬɽ֮УŻ
ಣ
һ̣һԾٲǰˮ̶УǱˮ̶ײȫϢݷһͷԴˣĵȴɱʱ


1562 ̫ž
ˮ̶Խ£ѹ֮Խ
Գϫԣѹ㲻ʲôеһ˿ֵǣˮ̶δ̫һЩ
ֹˣˮ̶ײһ국ɫˮݣ˿ˮоҡҷţŵǳƵĵ㣬ƻãɷ
ˮӿӨӨԣҲǷƷһδ֪ģϧʱɹ˲ϸ̽ЩˡϫֻһۣջĿ⡣
һ˲䣬˵ϢԶʧһûܡ
ϫڵȣһѵʱȥɱЩ׷Լļһ
֮ǰնɱǿߣٴλĸţ̺̺֮㷨š
óϫʱʶԼɱĶ֮󣬴õ֮Լԡ֮ƿСɵز
Ȼ˵ɣʵϫҲҪﵽһҪɱĶĿȻҲǼΪ˵ģҪڰٸˡ
ҲζţնɱһٸϵǿߣóϫƿأСɵز
⻹ֻǳϫƵĽд˱֪ƿأҪһжôļͲס
ɱˣַʽѾȡˣǿȥ򣬻֪ҪķѶ¹
ţˣ̫ðˣһ˵һӵġ
꣬С㣬Ѿͷо츳ãһǿɾ̫ϧˡ
ȻһϸƵƲ׽뵽˳ϫС
ţ
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ֳһʱһĻֵһĻ
̶һ˳˿ĵɫˮݣƮݶˣӨӨǻƵĹ󣬶ʱһˮϣһСϱǰС
Ϊ׵һͷׯϵţԱߣһŮһȹѣ˿˳׵ʹಽߡ
󣬻һУɱɻǣЩһĢͷ
óϫǣһС˵СָͷСеƵģСĲ˼顣
ϫǵãԼʱҲΪĴߣɺǰЩСȣ׾ǡˡˡ
Ź֣ʲô壿ϫΪ棬ͷһ飬ע⵽ԷһСĺܣÿһϽϢǲ
Ϊ׵İ׷ţһһȻһϣԾþӸλһ˵ơ
ϫȥ֪̽ԷⱻԷˡ
ܿ죬һСˮĩβңңϫ
ǣģĵǿΣǲ֪ʵˡ׷ſڣͳö
кѣҵȳ֣ȥһ͡һĢͷ
ǧҪǵɫȹѵŮԣżǺСϴˣΣյģһ˵ԼǿɾͲˡ
ò˵˰ɣĢͷٺЦ
ҡǵġֲʶĿܣĿܡʱǺּڰڣ˵
ˣ㰲Ĵߣϴȥ˵ͣǿԣž͸һ֤԰Ȼ뿪ź
׷ŴһЦԴһĳ硣
ţҡҾǲ뿪С˵Ѵһ˿ʣϧ
ɵѾͷ̫žĹУò׿һ˿ᣬܾôˡ
׷˵ţɫһ࣬꣬˺һ𴳵ĩȴøɵ³
˵ţǲϲһĨ˸Уǲңһź֮УֱҲ޷ȥ̫žֻ¾ҪϾź֮ˡ
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ţҪ˵ˣһ뿪ġȦͨ죬ˮ涣СȴǴһĨᶨ
ˣֻʣԼЩˣ޷뿪ôò˶ãЩʣֻҲҪʹ
̫ž壿

ĩ򣿡
ϫһжڶУҲ⾪̾ףԭԷǴе̫ž壡
Ŵ壬ؼΪ΢СȺڻ翪֮΢ޱȣȴ飬һǻ纣Ĵֹپγصľߡ
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ϫȴû뵽ĩ֮У֮еȺһʱ֮ҲЩ⡣
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ϴˣȥɣһ˵ͣסҪɱСȻǰ׷ſڷԸ

ϴȻһĢͷ͵һԾ𣬾Ҫϫ

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ţ
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ĳ޶⡣ϫֻǲ֪λΪҪ̽ĳʵ뿪źʲôϵ
׷һ㶼ˣ
ϫЦЦ͡
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׷ҲЦЦĿϫˣȻѾ֪ǵҲ֮̽ʵֻһæѾͷһ뿪ź
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΢񡣡ϫ
΢
׷ЩʧҡͷϧˣǶ񣬻ҵİ´ӡ
ȴԵЩˣţô˵Ҳ뿪ˣ
׷룬ջһĳĿϫˣҹҲź֮У޷Ӧһҿһݴа˳ɰܹ
ϫεǰǷˣźʲô̸α
㲻֪
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ˣѵ㲻֪εأ׷Žסٴһ
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ĩ֮򡭡٣ˣҲϺͿѾȥ£˷ǣ׺ɣֻ¼֪źˡ
׷ü˼Ƭ̣Ȼ׹п
ǰòĩ֮ǡԵźϫҲԼЩʲôʱԾڵ


1563 ʯ
ųϫǾģ׷һ̾Ϣڸпȥ£һжˡ
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õԷȷϣϫɲһ̾
֮ʱڲ²ĩ֮򾿾һڣΪܾôǿߣΪʲôϯĺƽ֮ĩ֮б
ֱԼԽĩ֮򣬳ϫŷ֣ԭĩ֮Уҩܹϰǿϵ㷨š
Ϲǿݺ۳ҵֳ
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˭
µһźܻһأһַ˼ţʵָжǿ
ϫԽԽǸе𾪡
뺣Ϊ֪㣬ҡϣΪ˫ƣڤ֪
ڻĺʱڣǹϵġ̫ŵһޡƿ֮磬ɹ֪ٵºպ
ǳϫ֪ҪǣҲߵ֮߱ܣżΪ̵֪
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ֶһ޶ԣǡúյ֮żΪ˵֮
ô˵
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˶٣򵥵˵֮еķںĩ֮֮γɵһɵĩ֮Ӷյķš
ԭˡ
ϫ˹ʶһ⣬ĩһڣ
ĩ֮ĩֻһ֮ɳϫȴȫͬĵطˡ
ܹĴ֮ء
׷¶һĨʹޣһ˿ļɵ̫ž浱Ǹһĩɿܻһֱڴˣ
ţ˵ǵ֮ǰȣڴˣֻµʱͻ֮ˡһԵ˵
Ѿͷ˵ĲǳҲΣҲΣӴȴڴ꣬ƣֱֻʣЩˣ˵ǸúǸøм
׷Ƴ˰һۣڡ
ҡҲ֪˼ãȴòһȷ𰸣һʱЩס
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ϫԴидסȻ
׷ҡͷˣ˵ĵɡ
ϫЦЦ粵ÿ˶жԸ͵;֪⣬ȴıԼ̬ȡ
̧ͷ˿ϫһ۾ģǺͬϫĻֺߵͷ
Ůֱ̫ˡ
ֻʱܾС¹Ƶģ̲ס⡣

ˣ֪źΪ֪ǷӦҸղŵ׷˼תظղš
ԭҲҪ뿪ĩ֮򣬴λﵹҲ޷ֻһʲô⣬¾չ˲ˡ
ϫһ㼴ڵ
λӣ㲻صЩǵİð˳ϣܹ뿪źʣµľͿԼ˵ˡ
λĢͷϴ˵ΣشӦĪҪ˺򡭡
ϫ۾ʱ΢΢һУҪвԼ
ˣ˵ƷС
׷Ƴ˳ϫһۣλϴ˵Ļһô꣬һ˫벻ῴˡ
ϫЩΣԼڰ˰ԼΪԼ
šڣЩᡣ
̫žһϣϣĪҪźʹʧˡ׷ɫ
һۿӿˮȻΣβһţ׵ģһṼҵϣ
˵ѴһĨᶨ
׷ЦЦϧظŰСԴ૵̫žĹгһշ֮УһҪ𴫳ȥ
šݺݵͷסˡ
ϫˣɻǲһ뿪ô
ˣȻӦҵԵһݴ񡣡׷Ųδش𣬶һתǵɫˮ֦Ҷײȥ
ţҲһȥæ׷ϡ
ȴλϴסλӳǱ뿪ˡ
ʱЩʧǣŰ׷뿪ıӰСϾǲѹ̲ס˫ֻϥ
ϫһпУȴסַ֣ΪСѾͷģ
ˣָŹ
λ׷һˮݵĵײָһȻӿֳһĨصĽ⡣
ϫ˿ֿ˿ǰ׷ţһ̽ʳָᳯˮݵײһĨⰴȥ
أЩ̫žСޱȵϫ̽һʳֱָɽΡ룬ԱȣһּΪǿҵӾ
˶ɣϫһָЩˡ
ϫɲôλ׷ŻϢΪǿ󣬿СޱȣΪ磬Ȼڶ֮ϣ
ˡ
ϫָһӴһĨˮݵײĽ⣬һεĻɬٿȻɢ
ϫԾǣһɲһסԼȫͲԼȥ˾ͱЮסɲǼʧˮ̶ײ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫǰһһƬqqĿռУһݣ赽¡
ˣؽš
׷ŵƾն̫΢СİĻϸ۲죬ѷĴڡ
ϫ˵ͷע⵽һƬռΪ󣬵ȴյһƬֻԶ֮أһΡޱȵʯڡ
ʯϣܲŷޱȵĻɬͼǿӰ㣬һ嫵ĺơ
ϫĿɨȥһɲǣʱͿʯڱ׭̵ķͼӳһ㣬ʼХߣɲ֮䣬һͷ޴


1564 ʵ
ʯ֮ϣֳ
ʯڼΡ룬ǧ֮ߣ϶ԣģ޵ģɵ֣ȴһֺƴơ
ʯһӻһ磬Ψˣܳصס
ǡ
ϫ͵ջĿ⣬ٳʯϿΪֻעһ£͸оһ¶Ҫɣʯڸɵ
ָо̫ȻϫҲԾһѡ
ӡʱµһƱԴѪܹܾ֮ڴ˶ܴ˵ֺΪӡء
׷ƽڣҲˣ̫žÿһᣬԶֻܱڴ˵أҪ뿪ͱӡ
ΪΣϫȵ
ΪÿһλһǣԶӡӡ֮У˵£˭׷̾Щ
ԭˡϫ˼
ˣһƴֶΣһӡоȳʱӡҲᱻƿһ϶ڵıԴкһԿҪץסʱܻö٣ȫ컯ˡ
׷ɫȻһ࣬˵
ӡıԴϫü
ȷ˵ľѪ֮еһƱԴץסʱսҲ¡
׷ڽһ䣬ӰһٿȻʯ֮ǰ
ˡ
ϺȻӿһɿֲޱȵĵɫҫ۳ʢռ䣬ӳĵȻһ䣬߱Ų£ƿǬ֮
΢ĩ糾ɳһ̣׷ͷųƣȴóϫƾһɻֺΡ룬̰˻ĵĴ

ԣ
ƺȶһЩǸŲûᲢۣ
ѵһλ
ϫһ
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ȻϵУ׷ٿȻһ׹⣬͵ؾͳ뵽ʯ֮ڡ
¡¡
һ̣һֲĲ羪ŭƵģʯ֮ɢƺƺоսз
УһԶ޺֮ΪرгХ
ԳϫԶѰӴһ̾޷֪ھڷʲô
˲ãҲ֪һλµһƾѪܲƣʵ˲ˡ
ϫһԺٶ룬ʼתΪʯڣһĴ󹭣Դ
κ󡪡
صһƬռ䣬Ȼʯ֮ϣѿһѷ졣
ѷֵһɲǣһƿֲɬأޱȵϢʢչâʥϡƴ
Ȼǰ׷ſԵġԵˣ
¡
һ̣ϫ飬ʶתӿģÿһĶܻһһ𣬶ʱһϢУȻת

˵һĻˣʯһƻɬҰƵģ볯ϫڱӿ֫ٺתѭ
һɲǼ䣬ϫֻо绯¯ڻÿһ缡ȼշڣЩԼɡȼպ¯Ļ棬ӿԼڣ¡¡תݡ
ˣһͼըĸо
ÿֲ
ϫһٹ˲ϥһһɿֲϴԼΪ
Ƭ̣ʯϵķ϶ֺϣӿϫڵʵ̫磬Ȼûע⵽һĻȫϡ
һ
һɼը͸оʧڳϫУȺХѭ֮䣬֮˽һ
ǽһʱ䣬ʹﵽĳɹȽٶþݡ
һУԶһض嫵
Ȼڴˣ޷һˣԭڣϫΪʵޱȣؼĻ
˷̺֮УǡúǡµϣͬͬԴ˴˺޳ͻóϫ⼫ʱڣȡ޷
ôʱ䣬ҵָ۷״̬ΪҲٴ٣ֻò˶ãԴﵽ΢еԲزˡ
ϫ۾ŻӯİҲǾ̾оӡĲ
ֻһƾѪ̺ıԴȴԼܹڶʱΪﵽز˵ȥֻ˸ˡ
û뵽㾹ǣѵ֮ôȻƬռд׷ŵ
ֻ˿̵ԵüΪɳƺƣһĨԵĻ㱡
ǰ̫žһĩ򣬽ȴøɵ³
֮ʣһƾѪܻӡػһ̫žᣬ֣֮ȴΪӡۣ֮Щ޷ط֮С
񣬰׷Ѱһϣóϫ֮㽫ͳ˵أֱˣ˭룬ǵˣȴһ˿ԨԴ
һУγһ
׷ĿһУȻȻˣĵһִڹ
Ϊѿƣ
ϫԶİ׷ţһĨȻ飬ȴĲζ

ϫԴ񣬿ɴӲ
ˣǰһǣ뿪󣬴Űһ뿪ɡ׷óһ֬ƿյݸ˳ϫ
һУϥ֮УɫƽأһλɬԵľģǲһУ뵽֮С
纣δֱ˰б
ԳϫļʶҲֻܴǻɬľ֮Уϳȼ仰С֬ƿҲǻ㱲ѡ
纣Сѵ˵ļͱҪƬִǲ״ı˰
Ǳ˰


ˮ̶ײһ󲨶һ국ˮݵײɢ
ϫǾεӰƾո֡
ףˣ
ˮҶϵһĢͷ뱻
ӣҡأҲСʵôûһ
ǰչˡϫ룬Ŵһ䣬˵ţ֬ƿݸǰġ
֬ƿСֻз˿ôϸϸ˿Ȼڻпġ
ѾǴӡȡأ뿪ɣĪҪһƬġϴһҲЩȻ
šҭһֲᣬϴˣ뿪󣬻չ˺ţгһգһһӻصġ
˵úãҲҪչ˺ԼСڴ˳󣬶¶֪ȳȥԺһпɶҪλӵİš
ϴ˴Цһϸ˰һ䡣
ţһġݺݵͷ
ϫˣҲЦЦڣȻüëһСģڳ߿


1565 ʮ
ڿ
һ̫žһݡ
ڴʱһһǿɨЩ˴˽ݺᣬϸѰʲô
ϫѼƣڣ֣Щ̫žϢҲڣ˭룬֣Щ̫žವһ¾Ͳǵɫˮݵײ
ʼգδЩ֣
óϫЩѵЩ̫žҲĳϢط
ͷаһжǵɫˮݣЩˮݿƽƽ棬ɵЩɨӶʱͻƮһƵɫĹΣЩ⡣
⾿ʲôģӵã
ϫк棬Ծ뿪ʱһߢһЩ˵Ժдá
ûС
ѣѣ»һƬɽڵҲҪǸС

Ӹ𣿡
ѾִһƬȫ
ãʼж
һ̸ϫ׽вһݣԷʦߵԼڴ˵Ҳȫˡ
ʵԭϫ⴦ˮ̶ΪѰһʱȥɱЩ׷ɱԼǿߣ˭ײ֮£Щ̫žʶˣļƻҲǸ
ϫ̸ʧ˴Ҳջ٣Ǵӡлõһõӵеָ۷״̬ΪҲ࣬Ҳһ֮ϲˡ

ǳɡ
Щ׷ʧ֮󣬳ϫϣĿ˰
ţ
˵ͷӰһʧ
Ȼϫֻһ£ע⵽Լ
Ůһɫȹѣڳϫڣ׵ʹЩɬЩźͺ棬һֶ֪ֻסԼ½ǲϽʲģɷǿɰ
Сɳ΢Ƶģڳϫϸ鿴ԷĴˡ
⡭
ϫһû뵽ѡķʽ
ôˣӣСʵ
λӲؾȣ֮һжʱѡַʽԱԱ˴˵Ρ
ϴ˿˳ϫɻһЦŽһ䡣
ϫŻȻ
Сκ죬ʹ͵͵ͷоԼղŵľٶЩˡ
λˡ
ϫ֣ϴ˵̫ž
ӱأ
ӣģտðܹҵȶǽ֮
˷׷׿ڡ

ˮ̶⣬ٲˮɽ
ϫӰһٲ֮ϵ°ϣĿԶãշֲʲôΣգʵڱ׷ɱһ·̣ע̫ƽˡ
۾ġ
㲻صģĴˡϫݸЦŰ˰һ䡣
ޣһӻġݺݵͷСϾ֮ɫ
ò˵ȷһСö˼Ҳ䵥һɴȪˮ˶ȥ˵
ϫЦЦٶ˵
ĿԶѪ񷣬Ѫɫɽӣ𽥱侲κ
֮ǰλ׷ԣƾӡлõһܿͨϹͬϵĽ
ҲΪЩ̫ž˵ǵİ£óϫа˳ɰսϹ
ϧЩ̫ž̫ˣȫͲ֪һͨϹͨѱ̫Ͻ̰ѿأеĽҲѱƳ
Ҳζţϫӡõһκͨһͨİա
ϫδһи߰׷ǣһǲǸеɥҲΪͬҲҪϹѾ׼˲ֶΣԲ̫Щʧˡ
ҵΪѾʱ޷СɵزλŲټ̨ԼƴҲ޷Լ˺ˡ
ϫĬĬ˼⣬ôɱʼʽȥһһ̫Ͻ̰ѿصͨɣ
ৣ
һϣϫɣʩչʱŲ֮˲ʧԭء

һɫʯɽ֮С
ֿѾ룿
һϮۣݿĴһеͼһʵ
Ǵϵʮǿ߶ѵ룬չӷԸѰѿеĹؼ֮ء
һԵľŲɿκǴϺЩǿߣȼԸ˴ж⣬ʮҲѵִС
һǵ˶޵ҾͲŻСӵˡ
Ŀӵͼ˵ͷʵˣֱûѰСӵټ
ͩ¬ͤϢС֮ǰڸɽ͵Ϯɱǵ֣ͩȫɽò˶ãܴϢŲ˵
ɽ
룬ֵȥ֪ͨˣ˷ɽмǲçײнҪΪӪɹСѡ·ȫҶˣ
ԼǡŲ˹֣ȥ
ǡ츺ڱһֱɣһСΧȻѡӴ˵ضУΪֻͨִܵͨѩīͨСɵȻĩ֮׷ɱˡ
Ӹ
ԱһڻԸƨ
ЦЦȴ¶һĨ֮ɫΪһжһԴΨһĿıɱϫϵ鱦

Ӻ
ϫӰһ߾յɽ֮ϣɫ΢΢Щ
һ·ϣ֪˽ʮ˵ϢٶˣĸʮˣԶϹǿߣЩץе½
Ϊ˾¶ټϫı˶н·ߣȴһпʵ˷·ѾԷˡ
ϵӻҪϾɱ
ϫɱӿͷһ˼ǳļһΪ׷ɱԼһ½ˣ˶óϫҲǱ׼ŭ
ϧγϫ´һ㣬ΪһҪĵףΪЯĴ䱦ͭǮ
ӣǲ鷳ˣҲǿ԰æġȻﴫö
鷳ϫҡͷ
ӣֻΪ˵츳͸ĺᣬԺ϶Գɳȼĵزġ˵
֪ʱæΣգٳҲ١ϫЦ˵һ䡣
ţݺݵͷɶ¡
߰ɣЩһ̫ٲ֣ǻΪǺ۸ءϫһɫ˲䣬ɱӿ
ৣ
Ӱһȥ
ĸ֪У֮һ֮ϣһǿ߳ûС
ǣǳϫ˴ɱĶ


1566 ɱ
ϣѪɫˮӿ
һǿߴУϸ۲죬ǹˣһɫ裬ԴĴ󹭣һз紵ݶǱ̱ɱ
㣬ҪðȻǰС
ΪһĿһɨܣûзκһ˿쳣ȴһĨ¶
ָоɫ裬죬βй޹һСһЩСӿǽƻ֮Ѱ΢ɱȡ
ס
Լǡ
˽ԶͬЩһֱѲǸ½ˣտʼܲΪȻΪЩС
Ŷʵ˽Խ࣬Ҳʼ˴εٲκ֮ġ
Ϊ˶ԸӣӶȫ֪кεѲ
ʱ䣬ǲٶԣγɾѵķͣһϸѰСĳǰƽ

Ȼ֮һˮˣˮ֮͵һɫƥһĨļʸݺݳΪ׵ɱ
һĻȻһԴǣʶ붯֡
䣡
ԱŽݺᡣ
ɲǼ䣬һĨɫƥδڰб촷ۡ
ԭһͷ㡣
һϳ͵Ϯ֮ʱһԳѡ
˻һۣԶȻѣоԼ֮ǰľٶе񾪹֮ˡ
ৣ
ɾиһ˲һĨȻߵʱУһն¡
ã

˲Ȼɫ䣬ͫţû뵽ʱ򣬾ٴ䷢һΪ׼ץסһ˿ݼŵʱ˵ޱȡ
֣
͵һȣһɫ͵˺գ¡һݺһĨ֮ϡ
ͬʱҲ붯֣һԶӶȥҪԶ˵أ͵Ϯ
Ȼ͹һĿɲ
ȷסһȴ̺ûҲڣ飬͵һѪҽһ͵صɳȥеɫꪶֶɡ
磡

ʲô
˾Ҫȥ
ɱУ
ŭ˵ʱ̲סѪƲסԼɳƵͨһ׹뵽һУ˥ߣںˣ
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䣡
ڴʱһٴκХӣƺƵϯ
ǵֱҪضûһƬ֮С
ء
λǿŭ֮Ӳɸһǽײ㱻񱦲ӰģƯھκ֮еҶƼ㣬Ҫû
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¡
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ȵסһѪӣ뽣֮УһɲǼ䣬ͱиѪۣɼǣһޱȵĲҽУͬ곹ױ顣
ˣ

˾壬ܵһԵĴֲƴȫҪһ֮
ǳˣԸսȥҪߣжԶӶԶ̫ɲˣδֻɱˣ⻻˭ֻҲ޷Ŀ־ˡ
أ
գƴǶȫֶΣǳһĨ˳ȥ
ɻǰסһ˿ϣȻһĨٴƾնǵҰв󡭡
ۣۣ
һǡóǳΧһɲǣѵȺһ㣬⧲Ӧͱжʺ
­ɿգѪˮ䡣
һսڶ̶̼գۼĻò˼飬еգֻڵˡ
ಣ
һӰֳУǳϫ
ûипûԥѹսƷԴ˰˸ţֱǱ֮ĸԼĸ̺㷨ŵĹ
֮⣬ѹεʮſ񾧣Ƶĺ鱦ĺ鱦һԼһѼֵĸġ
һУϫӰһ뿪Уʼգû˷һ˿һʱ䡣

ֻƬ̣ϫͲòͣ½ŲеĽһ߬üɱ䡣
Ϊע⵽Լ˷һǿϢٸ
ͺһŴһֵˮ©ļƳϫΪһ۴ķ棬ɱᱬͻ
ӣû뵽ʵô۾̾ûע⵽յı仯ɳڸղųϫնɱȺеĳС
ֻǿθˣʢ硣ϫЦЦǵĻȴǱƵ档
ŴͣȻҲ˲еǰˣ
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ϣ
ϫָǹڵĽһ̣֮ٿȻǰȥ

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ɱ
ɱ
ҵսֻƬ̣ٴǿ߱ɱѪȾأ
ϫݴɨսսƷﳤȥ
һ̵ɫĮȻľžжųжȣκν꣬Ҳκαۡ
еֻһɱµ侲
һ·֪˶ٳսĥ³˼Ϊ͵ս־ԲᱻǰɱķľԼš
֮ս޿ɱʱϫӲηһս

˼ˣ
˴ʧλ֡
׷ΣҲҪɱⲣ

֪ͨˣʼж˭ɱⲣǧţ鱦һ

һƬѪɫϿУɱٷԸ
һУһƵǿһͷﰡܳΪҵūǰμŮ۾ٰġᡯʱΪҲһĿɼϧΪ鱦Ҳֻɱˡ
үʵף鱦򲻿ɴˡŲһü
оŲڣҺΣ
Цο˴ǿǵϰǿһɱǲŽй£
үСһЩΪã˴ǰĩ֮ʱڲʹһ֮ô
ȾŲ˵꣬ͱ첻ôϣߵŲҿԽԽͿˣһ˵Ļδ̫ң
ŲտɬһЦȴǰ̾СӵܰұƵ̨ƴĵز֮
ɺȻ־Ȱ棬Ψһģƴȥػλĸӡ
ʱһƬѪɫĮ֮УϫǰӰձסΪУ
֣ʮĿڲ࡭


1567 
ԳϫΪټϡơİ֮ͬеǿ߼ûܹס
һȻҲ̸Χ鷢
һѪɫĮ֮УȷסˣԭͳһϣһһԽͫ꣡
˷ɫ𪣬ʣǸšѰ¬ͤһͩ
һԽܹͫʱգΪɲϫӰһִƬѪɫĮͱʩչ֮ͫһٽﷶΧڵʱս
ԳϫܣһУ񷲷֮Уٲά裬жٻࡣ
Һãʱֻ֮ʱŲƵٶȣӰϫս򵥵һУ˲ϫĴ
һݵĽ֮ͩƾԼһ޷κγϫ֣ԶԴ
ͬʱַ֡
ǾͳǰһĻ

ʮΪǿߣѹѹǦƵ˷һɱڣ·
ȺƴǸ֮Уϯ£ƿˡ
ĩ֮ͬĴڣ˾ռߵ飬һӳʮڵǵԵüΪɲ
ؼǣϫֱأԱʱ֮С
һƿصĿռȻ֮ϣ˵СɵزϫüоЩ֡
ҲֻǼ֣ҪģƾҲһٽˡ
Сһҵ죬ʵҲ㲻ˣϧȴǲò
ԶͩЦڣŶˣҸɹġͫ񾦡֮ûСɵزĿռ֮ɸʩչɲҪᣬҲҫף˶ѡ
ͫ񾦣
ϫû˵񷨡
ȴͨ仰ȷһ£ǰһȻѾռСɵزҲһ˲ǿˡ
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Ȼ׿⡰ͫ񾦡̸֮ͩҲ޷ͳϫᲢۣϾϫԱȵһλƴͩȻ޷һ
ϫûж֣ͩͬûż֣Ƕڵȡ
ͩڵȰֶ룬ԽԽãԸϫҲԽаա
ͬϫҲڵһƾֵ
һΣǳϫ޷ȥˣʧȥģǰȥֻԽԽʱ򼴱һ˿ѾΪʱ
ӡ
ȻڳϫжĽҪͷȴȻ
ʱüͷһ壬Сѵеô
ӣҡҡЩңȻ˳ϫЩԼʱȻڡ
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ǣҡһ취ܴʱսһ˵
ϫʱüȻѣԼˡ
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ವһ£һ⣬ӳϫԱߵУ˫в֪ʱѶһͭġ
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ʱԶͩͬҲע⵽˰ĳ֣ȴκμɵһְˡ
ȻʧЦΪϫǭ¿òһСæˣԵЦ
Ͼ̫С׸һֲһָͷһͷǵĴ
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˻֣мʱ򣬰ֱۣ̽۵Сһͭϡ
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տʼ΢Сû˻ȥ⣬ɽֻɲ֮䣬ǹȻθߣһĬȻٵװ㣬¡¡ɢ
һʱ֮䣬ضǹѣԶħźʮأ
أأأ
ȻⷽԲԭʱգȻһݺѹظպȻ顣
Ӳ񷸩ͻ֣ᷢԳϫΪĵգһȻ飬ϸ˻ϳɢ
ɲǼ䣬ԲڵĽʱգǱһһ飡
¡¡
ʱսƣǹԵøΪֲŭڷؼ価¡¡Ĺ
ҡΣʱձ飬ó˳ϫ֮ڳ˶ĤըѣܵһֿɲĳѪѡ
ʲôģ
ôֲ
ģ̫ž֮һ̫ʱھӵ鱦걱ڤǰĩҲòգ
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һ̣ϫҲԴ𾪵ƳһԵİһۣȴԷɫ԰ףѪɫӰڰҡҡ׹һĴģ
ʱٶ룬æԸػԼС
ӣɲôûõģ𣿡Щȴǽ̧ף˵
ԣѾһæܽϹ򣬰ԹûϫЦ
Щ˼ʱߵصףȴǻϲޱȣֱϿɵĸоɴû
ϣ
һ̣ϫٳɣӰһǳɱȥ
Ѿһٲץסʱ֣ϫֱǰװ˷СһС
λٶ֣ٵȥ
ӿ˵˭ɱ˴ӣǧţ鱦һ
һϣ
ɱ
ͩ־ŭҲǲȥԶ׷׶֡
һӣսȻ
ʮλϹһ̴˷ϫʩչܣƺ˵˼¡
һƬѪɫĮҲ˲֮У޾Ժ͸ֳʢ⣬ضȻʧɫ

һ̣ϫ»ָ侲Ψڵɱڷڣȼյ۽Ҫ񷶼ٻ
䣡
գһ̤նУڶ˼лȴһɽӣ˭֮ˡ
˶Σ
ھԵսǰ޷ʤ
ڳϫЩսУҲһһжĥ³˼Ϊḻľ飬£ɿηˣ
ɱ
ϫ裬񱦣ɼ䱦ͭǮ˵һһҫ۽⣬ɨȥ
ˣˣˣ
һһ񱦱ݺݶײ׻͵һƣߵķƵģ׹ա
һ䱦һƵģڳ˶Ȼѡ
в񱦱䣬ܵɣѪֹ
սʼһ˲䣬ɱϫĴ񱦣Զ䱦ͭǮУʮλǿܷɣ˲С˺
ȿɲһĻʱͩɫ䣬㲻Լ۾


1568 
䱦ͭǮ
Ȼѵ̫Ͻ̴ˣ
⡭ôܣ
оһɫ䡣
һ֮Уͻʮ񱦣λǿ˺ȱʣǽԶЩ⧲
ৣ
ô˻ᣬϫӰһһٲųȺУнڹӵĽ˵һһ
һɲǼ䣬ϫʶȻһ䣬ɱĮӿǵصɱÿһռ䡣
ûзϻ̤һ̣עѪս
ƸŽеıʸУϫһĨʵķâɨȥ
ۡ
һѪɽȼһڽըľѪȾ͸ء
Щ⧲ĵ֮Уһ֮£оʺͬһĨѪۣǵ齩ϣƻû׷ʲô顣

ۣ
ۣ
һſͷ­ڿһ߾Ȼ׹䡣
ֻܼһȻȺУǾŸǿߵ
ûǰĲҽУֻѪˮƮ
ֲֹĻ棬ڳ˻һ¡
ǡ
һнֻǸտʼ
ϫ֮ǰԣĲһɱ¾еʢ磡

ɱһϣ
ֲ̫
죡ٳɣֻᱻĶƣʱ˭Ҳˣ
ʶ˳ϫĿɲ𵴣ɫ
ŸտʼսԭǿǴ޵ĳϫȴһ֮У䱦ͭǮʮһ֮£Ĩɱλ񾳴ڣȿɲļһ˭һ˿ӣ
ǵûӣڴ˿УǽϫΣնֵĸ߶ȣκεĳɺͽңԶʩչǿɱﵡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ЩϹеǿߣ񣬻һźŶԳϫչɱ
ڿգǿضû
һĻ׳ۣ̫ʱսĺƴ棬ѡ
ɱ
ͬϫҲڳɱ¾
ЩսóϫڶΧʱκεԥɡ
ûԥûгɣûбͫĮȻûһ˿飬սɱ¾ϴдĳϫӵޱȵսӵųѰս־
ৣৣৣ
ϫӰһʢִͨ彣նɱ
ڽĩ֮ʱսӲŲȶ񣬱ȵú߲ǫ̀ƴ
ڼȡӡеһɱԴϫʵ֮ʱ
ٸ䱦ͭǮǿƥ鱦óϫһΪֻж΢񾳵ĵʱͲܲκηˡ
һеʵս˳ϫеĽϣһѪȶҵս֮С
ɱС
ۺΡ
ȥ⡣
֮ĽΪڴ˿̽ϫ߱һս쾡µطӳɵɱ֪кεȿɲ
ЩɱƵƥ䣬ǵȺдһӰ֮һ޵Ѫڿŭţˡ
Ƭʱ䣬˱ˡ
һ棬ʧ˾ˣжʺԵո꣬ʹԸǣҲܵСĳ
ս䱦ͭǮ価һк鱦ԣδɶ˺ȴٵʧȥ̵սֶΣ׹ߡǴλǻԣȴܷ·ǵӰǰһйͬԵô
ɱģǳϫĽÿһγ֣ȻһƬѪȣն꣡
ݿĹɱ¾޼᲻ݣ裬Ϣ
һж޷˿ɲɱ¾ֻһ˷ģ
һ̣ʣµһڵ˼εѣаû֮һϣӦ˺һǰԸ½ɱ
ؼڣ˭ûмж΢ܹӵֲսû뵽Ǳޱȵ½˼ֺǿ
һֹ˼άϹһ۸ڶǱʶͰ½ǿߵ˿ɱ
һͷȻвǸеʺš
ΣʱѾˡ
Ҽסɲò˶ãǱʱ򣬴ⲱؽ
ͩ
ۣ
ɻ£ʺͱһĨһѪ͵͹ƲţպȻ׹ض
ϫҲûͩµʬ壬ɫĮȻ¸Ŀɱȥ
ܰ
ͩһʣµĵǳױˣתƴȥ
ϫҲ׷еĽȴᵽѪȵ㣬һЩֻĵ˸նɱ
ۡ
־֮󣬾ͬϻεݣԶ˷УʱһѪ𣬾ҵţڶ
ǵӶٶ죬ϫĽȣ
ҺóϫΪ˱ȫ߶ֵĴ㣬ջ߰˸ǿ߸ߡ
գۼ䣬оֻʣ˳ϫһˡ
һƬǽ壬ʬѪˮƵĴءҵʱա֯һĻ
һֱڳϫеİͿˣһһοȹģɱ¾ʬſǺǵѪϢСȻɷףһǿҵŻ¸о
գҧסˣ˫߬סŬ۾أૣԺֻչһչԼѪȶ޷ܣҲ̫ˣ֪Ƕ԰ʧɡ
ڰķӦϫȻɫ侲ûи鲨սżӰսзɿ˸ţսƷ
һΣɱ˶ԷʮˣʱӣջȴΪḻ
£ջĹʮ㷨Ĺʮ߸һжЩ󣬱֮
ս̫ңֶ룬ƾϫ֮ͣҲЩţһСֱ֮ȡߡ
֮⣬˴ջţ鱦ƵʮԼһѸָġ
ĿϫҲûͳƣΪЩΪӣҩһģҲʯһģᡢͼһıһֳϫϵã뾭ϸıϺȷ;
Ҹط޸һˡ
ϫһսƷһоԼڵֻʣһС룬ʱʱѲʺս
ৣ
Ӱһϫ˱ʧԭء
ͬʱһѪɫϿ֮УһϮۣݿ˿ȴһͷ뱩ŭޣɫ࣬һȺȻһ½ɱƨôĨɱˣ


1569 ǣ
ŵ
ʵϣ֪ǰߴϢʱҲеΪ˼飬ʮλǿߣȻһ½ɱöжףƨղֻ߰˽ӳ죡
ǷһλϣǾͺܺˣɶԷͬҲһ΢ղòŵִĩ֮ȴһ̫ˣ
һԵľŲа̾˿Ԥ֮УǡƫƫûȰ棬ͽκΣ
ӣΪ֮ƣҪٽɢȥȫ£ڴˣ˻ֹסϵĲ
мΪͬ˴жŲ̲סһ䣬ǴֱϵӣκʧҲҪŵù
ŲͰ˵İ졣
ϵģûзһɫԻָ侲ҳϣ֮ǰȷССӣľﻢ£ΪǴϵΪһѸ֡
˶٣ɫ׻ָƽԶһһٵӶ޷ɱһʲôȥμŮٰġᡯ
ŲԣĬƬ̣˵ͷܹ룬ڵ֪ȻΪοģ˴ūҲ﹫ӴԸ
˵ɣתȥʼıһС
Ųӿһɼ
ӻк·ԸŲ㣬ʵ
лˡ칰ֵ
ŲȻһЦɸߵΡһӲˣһеɱ֮˵ɡ

һƬǴս֮⣬Ӱһʥΰֵɫԣ˸ģ
һ࣬һŻͷ˫ٵŮ˼ؿԶЦλСıɱлҪһЩء
ˣλصͻ۴ϡ
ȷĲ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ۴ϣĪ⣬ЩŹ֣Ժɽмǲɺǣ
۴ΪΣ
δ֪յģ˵ĵ;Ҳݲֺһ˲ǣƱػӰ쵽Լĵ;Ǻǻǿɾ˵׼ˡ
ƽȻȴ͸һֱĵϡ
ǡ֮ǰڲߢʱѾ־һô
۴üЩգﻰеİֱȴô˵ȫΪá
⡭Ҳǡ
һΣȴĬòֲ̾ã˴ǰźʱбһ˿Ԥףȴ˵һע
۴ĪˣЩȻĵλС˲𣬾ﶼΪѡ
߰ɣɽЩ䵭תȥ
ϣǲɼ٣ڿơͥ鵤ˣ۴ȴûı仯˸߲Ц
Ժ˵ɡһ˿꣬ɢǹžľС

ȴڶԣѾ֪ûˡ
ޡ۴ͬЩʧ䣬ԭռƻһ¯ͥ鵤רΪ׼ģļˣȴ˵ˣϣգ
۴ϡȻٴοڡ
£۴̧ͷ
֮£ȥ֮󲻵ô
ס
߰ɣԺϹɲ̫ƽˡ


һɽУϫϥһ䶴ѨУ񾧣ĵϽˮϳӯǹ
رԼߣϫݸ㲻ؽţʱ򼴱ǰҲκβǡ
ԣСһ죬ߵףֻǵı˻˹ޡ
ϫԸпһСѾͷǡЩ̫ˡ
˵ʵϫҲΪ裬δ׷ɣϾԼɱô£ԷȻŭ֮ʹưոˡ
ϫǣֱʱ󣬵Ϊ»ָ۷״̬ʱûвκһ˿ķ紵ݶԵ̫ƽˡ
ѵԷѾ׷ɱԼ
ϫüҡҡͷ϶ܣλ飬ʱȻʹ˷ˡ
ôֻʣһֿܣǾǿôΨһĿľǱ书һۣһɱԼ
˵ĻǶһͨѩī֮ͨǰΨˣΧסԼ
ϫзɿţһжԼ²ǰ㣬ôʱȴԼģؽһս
Σû赲ҪһͬȻҲ̫Ͻһͽˣ֮ǰ׼Ϊס
ϫһһĨ
ûٳɣϫһӣһ̫ƵĹŸֶ̺Ŵޱȵ֮
ܼʮԶǴӱɱЩǿᡣ
ʼɡ
ϫϥأϣ˫ʼЩš


ڳϫǱ޵İȻһĵѣһݣæſڳϫȥ
ֻһصܻһлɬķͼڳϫϷ裬ЩĻɬܡ費ݣǡһʡ
԰΢СޱȵӽȥֱĿһ׳ǿջݣҲ۾¶Ծ֮ɫ
տ񣬱ȰҪ̫ˣ˵츳ڸȺȴǸû͹ӱˡ
ૣ۾ﾡǾ̾
ǰһǰȫʧ١
ͬʱϫڶ𣺡ãҪˡ
ޣ
γѣæӳϫ˻ضڣЩĴ˽ë
μȡʮеδ֮СɵزҲԶˣսʱսٴαǿ࡭
ı仯ϫҲӿһ㣬Ÿսĩ֮򲻾ãԼΪ˫˫УͲܷ顣
ϫӰһֱӳ˰С
ĵͼϸƬ̣㼴ϳһһɫǱóˮ
ܷĽһãȻϫʵ
˴æݺݵͷóһͭģӾȥðɡ
ˬ죬ûκεĳɾͽ鱦Լϫлˡ
ԴƽκΣȴ͸һֿޱȵζ
ǳǳһЦƺܸԼıܰϳϫæӲؿ˵ðһӷԸ
ϫҲЦˣ˰ıҶ˼ְա
˵ʵ
Ϊģһڴ֮ϵ鱦


1570 
ģ
ͬǵеһ鱦֮ǿǬ£ɴݿ쾭γʮλʮλĴǰĸΣ
Ҫǣ֮ԴΧɱ֮У𵽲˼á
̫ʱڣ̫žƾ˹ģһٴݿʮаħ硣
ϫҲʶԣŻô
˴Ķڶ࣬Զǿߣһ֮Ķ£Ҫһжɱ֣ǼýǴ䱦ͭǮ޷ĵĴΧɱ
ˡ
ϫӹģ˱˲ԭȴСΪͨ
ϸȥ˹ıӡһƻƣ罻֯һĪ磬һۻо
ֽһĵķҲشڸ˳ϫ
óϫʱһֱεϲøУġ
ԺϹ˭۸㣬һĲϫиж濪ڡ
Щ΢΢ĳԾɬգգëӣ˵ܻϲ
ϫȻСŮȻ˼ܻظԼĵ״һͿ
߰ɣҲʱˣ
ϫϫһĿңңԶ

ѪɫϿС
ĿտȣѪɫϿڣֲһǿ֮ϢɭɱԵÿɲ֮
ӣһж׼׵˴ǵ֣ȥЩȥģʮˣС
ŲҴҶɿ
һԴϵϹɱǧУӳ¾Ŀֲơ
Ųµֻʮλ򣬿ɲСƲ⣬κζУɣ
񣬽ֻǶԸһ΢ˣǴ´ࡣ
ܺã¾õϹˡ
ԣǲɷһĨ֮ɫ
ӿǧĪҪ⣬Ӽпܺɽϵ֪ɽŶԷ裬ϹϵĶڣūΨһĵģǴ޷ˡ
ŲƬ̣һǿҲֻͬ衣
ȷò
ü룬Ųȫ֮
ŲĬã浽ʱūԻƴУɱ
ƽȴ͸һɾ֮ɫ
ȻŲֻһ󣬲򲻵ѣǧҪȥƴ
ŲοӷıǣūʡãοֻĴ㣬ū⣬󣬶ɱˡ
Ц˲õġ
ŲȻüԥӣڶµķֻʣһˣū飬ȷѩī֮УһнūΣ
Ŀ˸һ£㼴ҡͷЦˣ֪֮£²׼ʱأҲȻˡοʱƴҶ뿪أ
Ųһ̾ٶȰСĻ᲻˼֮ԲԸ뿪ҪЩͬͬˣǵԼɱС֮󣬽鱦Ϊˡ
Ĳµģ
⣬ҲζʹҲĴһ˿ɣȫˡ
þŲв΢΢Щʧ䣬ԳһЦԴ϶ԣԼһūţôкã
ˣ̫Ͻ̶ǵжûвɣȻʵ
ŲͷֻΪǴΧһ½ʲôġ
찵һЦͺãرпܺɽ̫Ͻ̶ϵ֪ȻԽԽá
е⣬ŲͻȻӣ˴ǳɹɱӣƱҲ֪Яıôǡ
һ
첻˵꣬ɱڴϵ
Ų˵ͷ˵ʵʵΪλӣĺıЩģ覲褣һϸļ̳ˡ
Ȼϼ̳˵⣬Ų˵Ҳ㡣
ˡ
ڴʱȻһĹԶ
ףǡ
΢΢һ
һֹ̣ѪɫϿһǿߣҲһҲ̫ͻأˡ
ã
ģ
Ǹˣ
һŭ
ڳ˶ʱӦɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰϫƳʱս飬Ƕš
Ļ᲻ǳϫˣ
׼
󣡡
ǧҪţ
أŲڿնХ
ɻû£һһȻףƺХ¡¡죬˷ɨ
һ̣ʱձһ飬ʱ˳˷һƬѪɫϿѹ
һĻ̫ˣ֮ɽ촷ۣĿɲڳÿһλԶɫ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ϫ˵û뵽ַʽ֣
¡¡¡¡
һԽԽֱƻħ֮ĲŰ˻ϣǬɫ䡣
һЩΪڴ˿ܳ𶯣ѪѪ
һУóпʼ궯ҪֻҵļȥԲˡ
󣡡
󣡡
ŲХǶܵĳҪ΢࣬ĿһĻʱʱɫ࣬ס
ԻҵԣʱԶѹǿŸֲʣ׷λãʩչ֮ǰкõ͡
ˡ
ܿ죬һҫƥĹѪɫϿ˷͵سЩִƥԶԶȥһڿն𣬳ʢҫۣŹ
ͬʱһɺɱ񱩵͵ɢһƬѪɫϿȳ֡
ʮλǿγɵڴ˿̳ͣ
ء
ͬʱһ˷ѹݺײһϣɲıը
գֻǲһ£ָ
Ųˣʱһü䷺һĨŨҵɱСһ֣Լţ粼ֻ¹һһСˡ
λԴɱ⣡Ų´

ѪɫϿȼԶϫģסü
ȷ΢΢Щ⣬ɲǼ䣬ǾͷһĨȣս֮Уǰģɻûһ赲Ĳ
Ϊɽˣ
ԷƿأԼ֮УΪǿ޵Բηκνˡ

ûгɣϫʼǰ죬ԣͥŲÿһ£Ϊ֮𵴣ɢȥ
ԶԶȥɫƽȴһӵ֮ˡ


1571 Ӳƴ
Ѫɫ¡
ϫһ˺ʱգԶѪɫϿȿ
Ũܶںڵĳ¶ǳɱӣǿյĺ֮Уӿܵķš
еġ󡱣ͳżĲɭķĹ켣ӵеͼ֮ӿԴȪ
ԴϵϹڳϫУܼķͽ˵ͼͼͨһܲÿһռ䡣
ƣиɻ
ɵϫʼݣЩӳҰ֮еͼȻһ䣬һƷĽṹ
ЩĽṹ˴˽ӦںϡѭܵŲͬĹ켣תѰʦֻ¸ȥав԰Ρ
ɳϫͬķѴﵽǰ߶ȣ֮и޼񹂴Уʼʱ޼ѽǡ󡱵һͼ׽ʼϫĵİ
ֻǼ֮䣬ϫ㽫ǡ󡱵һаָƣղǰɬء
ָоͺһڰеĺ´̿ͣȻգֱǹ·ûΣպļµ

Сӻˡ
Ѱ·Թ˭
ֻǺ棬ţȻǰ󣿡
޷Ϊƣϧ̫߹ԼˣΪƾıˣ½ͨĿߣʲô죬ˡ
ϫӰԶʱѪɫϿ֮жʱһоɲҲЦм
ΨŲ۾Уɫ΢΢Щأͳϫ棬Ϊ˾çײ֮
֪Ѳ޵ȴɸҹֻ˵£ҪôƹˤˣҪôһĵ
ôֿܣ
ĪأŲԺֳɽ֣вһλ򲻿У֣֮Ѱκһ˿ĲأпܻᱻԷã
͸أһĨεľζ
ڳǿ߽Զһݣ䲻ɸоŲЩСվղǰСϫˡ
֣˭·ѩīҴҲˡо
Ųɫ䣬ˡ
ڳȻҵ
Ųˣ
һֱһ࣬ɵϫӰԽԽʱʱ಻סѾŲ
ӣں󷽣һнūˣ
Ųɫϵ
ãҰ󣡡
˵ͷ

ʮĸ΢һ񣬻һ죡
ѪɫϿǧɾʱϫӦһ㣬ŲٿȻֹͣǰ
ɱ
ڳϫոһͣ٣ŲĴ쳹֮䡣

¡
ѪɫϿ֮ϵġȻתŹͷųԣǬ
ءء
ͬʱ۳ᡢ桢ӡࡢȵȿɲڿնһԳԶĳϫɱȥ
ЩԶǴۣ̺֮Ŵ֮ʮλƿأǵƣͷҪﶼĨɱǬޣɲ֮
Ѱ΢񣬵һĻֻŵö־ƨˣϾȹģĹֻ²ȥӲˡ
ɳϫң
ֻһ£ģգָһһεݺݻڹ档
ˡ
һĳƴ̫ŻдӡһεΰԳϫΪ͵سԶɢȥ
ء
ȿɲĹ£һڿб飬ʢĹҫƥ
գɴݿЩݺݳǡϣ𵴲ݣը䣬̶֮
ĵ𣿡
ȻɲСҲб
Ҳ˰ˣ͸ܹƵǵĴ󣡡
һĻ֮еǿʶ˳ϫĲصͬʱҲǰһΪһ᲻Ƶıݣƽš

Ųˣȴǲκε
ͬʱ乭Ҫû֣һپɱ˳ϫεǣ͵һϫսʱһ޷Է
λ֡ʱʧȥǿսֶΡ
¡¡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬󲻶ϲͷųһһصĿɲЩҪôܻҪôΪ׵硣
ֱӿˡɽǬڻա䶷ţȵȿɲ󹥻
ǡ֮ܣ˴ʱΪɱգ̫ŵĴ˳ϫϡ
ˣˣˣ
ȿɲ£ϫҲӿս࣬޶ģͷ֮֮ɱ
һʱ֮䣬ѤĿؼײԲ֮أ˻սأֱĩպƽٽ٣Ҫ
Ѱԣȹ֮£޷ѣŲȻǣǳϫһˣйʼգڲǰڳƬѪɫϿȿ£
нһ˿ҲȻ޴棬ÿдأš
Ҳֱʱǲ˾Ų˵Ļ֪˳ϫ½˵Ŀɲ֮
İ̫ž֮ЯϹ屦СӾǴЩ
󷽣ͬҲע⵽һĻԶϫеģ뵽ϫлеĴ䱦ͭǮжסһɼʵ
һΣһҪɱ˴ӣպյ鱦ǣҺγܽƴϼ̳֮λɾ֮Իͣ
컺߬˫ȭвƵӿֳһĨȵ̰ռ

ѹԽԽ󣬶ϫѪɫϿǧ֮ң
޶ģһߵԴԴϳɱĹһŲӰս֮вǰ
ֻеȿǡ󡱣Ťתʱ̣㣬ͶԷӲƴ
죡
ٿ㣡
һȺʱ˿̻ʲôٿ㣡
ϫӰϱƽŲɫҲһиһĪ궯ͽƣЪ˹Ŵ˲Ϸ
¡¡
¡¡
ֲǬʱվγһ̶ñ飬ֳĻ״̬
ϫܵѹҲǼ籶ĵٶҲǲϼӿ졣
ɫҲǱأ͵һҧƴ˵ĿܣӰһӲǰȥ
أ
һ۵ĻͻɱݺײڳϫϣӰһģȳһѪɫʱ΢΢԰ס
Ȼһϵǰ㣬һơ
ɻȵ˷ͿϫӰǽһײ֮͵سǰȥһգۼ䣬ѪɫϿǰ


1572 Ťתͼ
˭Ҳû뵽ϫƴˣӲɱѪɫϿǰ
Ҫʲô
ѵ֪һݴУܵĴѹɲ
˾ɲɳϫǴˡ
ΨŲƤ͵һɫ䣬һӾжϳϫѰ·Ҫ
ֹ
ʶأŲڿն𣬴ȳ
һ̣а˳ɰȷ½ˣȻɽйأϲ˲һеҪˡ
һֹԷҪ֣ΪҪֹ
ΪͷǵĶԳһ˿ײɬ
ϫץסһ˿ݼŵĻᣬӰһ৵һ뵽ǡС
ϫ˸ɴжЩǿҲʱʶƺЩףĻҵ׷׳֣ô֮ݺݻɱϫ
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬ڳס硢쫷硢ɷ⡭ȵȿɲޱȵĹ쵶ĿѤʣǼµ֮£ȴӿżµΣա
˶ǣһһɱ֮󣬴о˳ϫټ
Сأ
òǱĨɱ˰ɣ
Ӧòᣬеܸû˵ģһ˿Ϣû£Щ
۷׷ףϸѰÿ䣬ȴһ쳣״нԶһ˿
Ÿʲô
ŲҲʶЩʱˡ
ۣ
ɻδ£ĳ֮Уһǿ͵صɴ۾ʺһĨѪۡ
ȡҡסʺɻһ룬ǰһڣʱʧȥ֪ͷ­׷ɰգѪ䡣
磡


ע⵽һĻԽԴʧɫʧг
һз̫ͻȻûһ˿սĺۼһǿ߱㱻նͷ­ڳ˽ԶзëȻ
ǡСӾ
ΪʲôΪʲô޷סⲣ
˾ɣԶŭޱȣʼǾ˵ټûܽܵˣ
ۣ
⾪㤲ķΧ֮Уٴһ
ˣ
ĿȥɫԶͣһΣһӷ걻ɱͷһѪϣѪˮ˳Ż䣬ɭȻ졣
ͨһ˺Ȼ׹ڵأױ
͵һ鴤⡭⾿ô£
ԭΪ󣬶Ҫڽдɱһ¾Ų㳹ˣɫޱȡ
ͬʱأһЩɻǴϵĴڴбֵɣ
ѵܱԼ˽⡰󡱣
һ뵽⣬ŲҲһһսۼ죬ȴûһսܺǰȡ
̫ˣ
һɽûйϵҶˡŲһԺзɿɱвԡ
ۣۣۣ
ɾڴʱٴδһ죬ξ˱ɱ
˷ֱλڴеġ롱󡱡ȫͬλãȴͬһʱ̣ʺһѪҽеĻᶼûУ㱻һĨɱ
ˣ
⾿ô£
˾壬ŭѡ
ʵ̫ˣϢ֮䣬㽫һĨɱӦĻᶼûУһȺ㡣
ؼǣʼգ˵ټûм
Щ񾳴ڿ־ĵط
λĪţٻڡǬλһԸⲣ
Ųˣֻʹıԣתԭʮĸλÿһǿ߷ֱһ˴ңӦܹȫӳ
Ĳ󷽷ȴһı׶ˣǾǼױϫãȻϢ֮ǽоɱ
ԣŲҲֻټˣһڴġǬ֮λԱٱϫлɳˡ
ȴһ׶ˣǾǴһ룡
ǱƲѣŲҲѡַʽˡ

Ų־е˴һƹǺԥͶԼԭķλ׷׳Ǭ֮λ£
ҵǣУٱɱ
ܿ죬ʣµʮλǿ߽Զ˴룬ǳһֹΪ˶Ҫǻһ𣬽ٸԷκлɳ˵Ļᣡ
ĻˣץסǽƤΪ֬ɣ
׼һִⲣȫ֣һٽɱ
ԣ졣
ͬ飬Զǽϫ޵˹һɱڡ
ŲˣҲǰһ˵شվռžƣעŭɱ
ˡ
ȻһɬĲڴӿ
ǣ
Ǵڱ仯
ţԣǿɻûʼת󣡡
˼ˣԶסЩľû취ʵڱϫղûɱַˡ
˿̸һһ춯²ʲôɽסë
Сģǧ򲻿жֻҪǬ֮λƾʩչֻҲѺһ˿
ŲˣڣнԶ԰ȡ
ϧǻȻûע⵽ķһ־˵ı仯
ԭֲʮĸλϣȥλġǬ֮λʮλȥ¥ա
ڣЩλӡͼȴȻһĨ󣬷ͼϢת
ʱϫӰ˸ÿһȱķλϣÿһִ̽һͼˮӿǷλӡͼ֮УȻıеķĹ켣
һ飬Ϣݺڴÿ䣬ƮټϽƵڣȫϢȫݻᱻ˲ˡ
Щ׳գԶԷ裬ҲỹɵˡͬʱϫҲע⵽Щ˶Ѿ£ڡǬ֮λǲһĨεĳ
ڣԷ֮ŤתתķĹ켣˵ۡǬ֮λɱԷѳ֣޷Ϊá
ɳϫȴԽֶΣȫ£γһ֡Աķʽ
ʱжֲ
ϫҲڰڴš

ʵǾŲǶԷһ֪Ǹûܹƾ֮׸ıһԴϵϹתͼƣ
֪ĲˣԴδβĴڶԣǸûһλʡزķʦźεȲ˼ֶΡ
ķʦսԵòôڣɵǳУ͵Լ̣Ϊƿһе
ζ֪
֪ʱζ
ڡ
ϫ׼һֶʱЩȴԴڡǬ֮λΪ۱˴һС
ڳϫУҲԵüΪ޴Ͱ׳ա


1573 һ
ʱһһš
ճţλӡǬ֮λһǿ߽ԶЩôûжˣ
ŲͬüѣЩСѵҪһֱڴУǿȥ
˵ϸòڲɣ˿ڣͼЦһسƵա
ɴ˻ŲУȴһף󡭡󡭡ôˣСӿǾͨпܺɽһ˿
֮ǰ֮жûбˮ㣬ûɱһһǿߣһж֤ʶˡаأ
£ܻѡ޶ּΪصķʽǺȥأ
ʶһ㣬ŲԽоɫѿ粻ԥʲô
գȻ̧ͷ͵һҧ

һ֣ȴЩǿһͷˮԡ
ЩһȻϣֱþŲ̣ҧû˵ϣ̣죡
ŻȻأɻȾ£ΪʲôҪʧȥķǵʧȥһȻķϣ
Щ׳գ
ԥŲظһ󷭹ǸԼӵϣԼֻҪһ£
ؼڣڳЩǿ֮Уд붼Դϣ侴ηǴϵƣվޱǴˡ
ͽĲ룬ѳɡ
죬ŲȻ˵Ȼĵһ𳷣ͬвԴϣˣվ
ðɡ
ǴϺʧҶ֪ô˵ˡ
ͳʧȥɱӵĻᣬԹ˭ˡ
ЩһУܣܵһŭŲɫЩÿˡ
ЩѵûһΣ𣿡
ŲĿɫеĲʱ÷ζըԼڰȫΪǿǣǾȻһ㲻飬Լͷˣ
ҺãЩһﶼʼˣþŲЩο塣
ˡ
ɾһɲһԵĲ糱ˮȻڴкɢһɲǼ䣬󣬱Ŀޱȵ⡣
ָоͺһֻεĴ֣˲˴ÿһͼȼͼ̺֮ȫ
ʢ
ҫۡ

ͻͲɱӣ
ǣ
׼һ㵡
쳷
Ųȴкݺһɫ䣬Ŀѡ
ϧ˷Ӧʱǵ·ѱ
ԭܼ򵥣ڡ󡱵֮ϡǬ֮λǡǴ룬˿̣ŴȻ䣬ͺһƬӿĴ󺣣ġǬλСӳΪһΧںˮĹµ
˷ԺΪɣ
ݴ룬Ѱٳһ·
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬Ȼı仯ǽԶֲᵽһϢ
ǲҪʲô
ǲ֪ΪƿԼеĴᷢıʡ
ǸԼӦԡ
ԣֻƾһֶսĥ³ıܣʶתȫΪǿʩչѹ׵ķţҪͻΧ
ϧˡԶľŲૣɫ͡
¡¡
һ쳹
ԶȥѪɫϿȵġڴ˿̺Ȼըԣһ˶ޱȵĢƵģɽӡ
һһĲҽдǱըд͸ŲʡŭԹձǺû
ѪɫϿȼԶϫһĻʱһ⣬һԽһ˰ɣ
ϣ
أһŭ֮ϿһഫŲΡɽӰ֣ʯļһţһɹɿƥ
ɫŤĿѣ緢ޣҪ˶ɡ
ŲȷѷŭʧȥǣΪû뵽ϫǲ˴󣬶ĳַ
һͽڴеһȫĨɱҲζţʮλ΢񣬳˳ϫһС
ĿƲӴ󣬵ǿ
лһԴϵĺᣬҲȫᣬУڷǰƤɣ
ԣŲŭˣˣ¶ģƴҲҪϫɱˣո˽


ϫƶԾŲķŭȻϿеıըһһǻԵĹ⣬һƬ֡
ڲЩԼ̺㷨ŵĹ
һĻǾŲͷͻͻ˶ֹҪϾɱҪԼ棬ȥѹսƷ
ֱ̫
¡
Ҳ಻סڿն͵ؼһ޹Ǵ󹭣һһĳɫ꣬Զĳϫкȥ
ֹѲҪʲôȫһֻȫĴΧѹơ
ϣ
ͬʱϫҲˣӰһӭȥ
ڸսĩ֮ʱܱȵöԷǫ̀ƴΪ֮˫˫õѲԷƴ֮١
ء
һһɫϫնϣΪ꣬赲䲽
϶ϴһοûǵȺˣϫʩչڿΣһƳɱȥ
ϣݵòⱣ
ŲŭɽӰһչֳһͭìɱͬҲ޷Էû취ü

ͭìײĽһɲǼͽǧΣȫӲӲĴ򷨡
˿һĻǾĿ಻ɣҪ֪ǾŲһλȴһ΢ɱ൱δ̫ġ
ɾŲѲ𾪣ͳϫ֣ԷսȫֳΪ
Ըһ֣ͶȫֶΣޱһ𶴹յƷӵ쾡¡
ͬϫҲȫˣҲ޷ԷˣϾΪѲ˶Էһ󾳽磬Ψֲֲֶֻࡣ
Գϫԣɱһ𶴹ֶΣǡʡ֮ĽΪе鱦
¡¡
ʮ֮Уϫ;Ųϳɱ䣬ìӰֱɱ÷ɳʯر񺿡
ôһǿᡭѪɫϿȺ󷽼ԶԶɫ粻Ϣŭñ
󱻻ˣЩҲȫᣬΨֻʣ¾Ų𶴹񣬿Ҳֻܺɱƽɫ
һвصʧͻıʣޱȵĴ޷ţ޷ܡ
ѵǼ鱦治ԼӵУɫһܾʹ˰ݣһкȥڣ
أ
һڶը죬һ£̧ȥʱ㺧Ȼ֣Ų˿̾ˣ


1574 
ˣ
ŲһϣɽΡ˿ȴɳȻ׹أҳһӡ
пѪٴվʱŴƤһɼǵ˰̣˰أһϸɲĽڽɱѪ⡣
ȥ⣡
һսˣŲٴαϫһϴβͬеһĻֱһޡ
һĻͬʱҲǱ쿴Уʱûһеͷŭ糱ˮȥһĨԵĿ־ȡ
½̫ˣ
ֹһ֮ˡ󡱣ɱʮλ΢ǿߣں;Ų𶴹ս֮Уһȡƣ춼Щš
ǺǸѩīǧ֮УҲҲսһһĶ΢

¡¡
Զսڳ
εĳϫɱü֮価ǳĮ֮ɫٲȻһҪ羳սն̬
۾Ųȴɱֻн̣ƾʩչֶΣҲǱϫһƳ޷˺ϫ˿
һ𶴹񣬸һСɵزһǿߣȴκβһ΢ܵѹıֱԵüΪ˼顣
ϸԭʵкܶ෽棬ؼıڣһսУŲóļΪȫ޷ӳ
ϫΪϲ˶Էһ磬ʵޱȣԶͬˣƿءʡ֮ĽΪۺսѹ˾Ųһͷ
£ŲĽڽڰҲǱȻġ
䣡
Ƭ̺һĨϽգӵŲٴαĿѪÿһ缡Ѫ
þŲɫϢ񱩣
ֹǵһΰڳϫУ֮սʱԽ־棬һ𶴹
£һ΢һٶıȵҵĵز
СϷƴˣ
ŭУŲվΣٴμˡ̨
ˡ
̨ڿգŹŻɲ֮һ𶴹߱ıԴǾŲһΪǿڡ
һɲǼ䣬ؼ価¡¡Դ̨ɢʱңﷶΧڵضһֲ֮С
ˣ
ϫˣǺɣģһĹεŭĻΣȻϯ
ͬʱ̽һӲӵĹƿնȥԽ
䱦ͭǮ
öֱӡš족ءˡƵ䱦ͭǮ˿̳ƷΣһɭϵļݺݳŲą̇̄ɱȥ
һв꣬ͬʱӳϫڿն㷢裬ɫȹҡҷϾһƬᶨ֮ɫ
ˡ
֪ʱѶһӡһطţͨ嵭𣬾»֮ȣڰһΣʱڳһɫ棬Ʈء
Щ漫Ϊ죬׵֮״У߱һɷܣޱȡ
ȣ̫žһ񱦣Ϊȣ鱦ȴ̫žһ̫֮žߣԶὫһ־ӡӳУطƣ߱ڤΪޣĺĪĿɲ
ģ
䱦ͭǮ
ȣ
һɲǼѣڿգͷܣɱǾŲġ̨֮ʢضɫ䡣
⣬Ҳǳϫ׼õֶΣһжԾŲ̨ƴ׼
ϾһαΪһУóϫһСĿһԲصޡ
ã
ĿһУŲͫһȻʧʶǸСԭѾãΪľǵԼʩչһС
µľƣȥڣȥӦֻܹעһ
֮һѱ޿ɱܣұֳʤݲκεܺ
¡¡
ĵɱ̨ϣǡƾκ˺ݺһƬʯϣҡض졣
һ֮У̨Ҳϧδ䡣
ɻһĻö䱦ͭǮƿɱʢ⽵٣صһӲ̨°գ
ۡ
һ̣Ųܵһصķɣɫһף̲ס͵һѪס
ˣ
ŭĿѣ۽ǶʳѪƴо񣬽ȫӿ뵽̨֮С
䣡
̨ŹѿҪ䱦ͭǮĽóϫҲܵһɳһ𣬴һ˿Ѫ
вԾ̾һ𶴹ƣҪɱԷǲס
أأأ
Һãۼ̨ҪʱǷĽɫ棬˿ɫ׵ݺ˺գɱ̨ϣһһıը֮Ľ
ÿһײ̨סһҲһδα𽥱ð
ŲУܷɣѪֹɫԽԽ԰ףݣ緢Ƶģģɲ
Ҫƾ輸񱦾ɱϷ룡ŲŭħʯٵĴ㡣
¡һӰȼգ̤գɲ֮䣬Լ̨ȫڣ
Ҳ˵˿ѽԼǫܹ̈̄ȡʤҲעҪ䵱޸Ŀܣ
ϼһȻôݡ
ϫһУȫ֣мǧ𿿽϶Ľˣ
˵ʱӰҲһȼգͼϵһֳֽնȥ
ԭġ䱦ͭǮͰķȣ԰ѾŲƵԷҪʯ٣óϫʱҵʶųɱϡ
ӣ
ԶһĻЩģΪϫǲѣһ뵽ϫղŵĽҧҧӣһڷϣҪַΪϫֵѹ
¡¡
֮䣬ǿɲսҵĽ׶ΣʤҲעҪһĻ
СһãܰϷȵĺͬھһҲ޺ˣ̨شŲ
һ̨̣͵һĵһɽҪƵģͷųһɿ񱩼ص
ã
ϫͫһû뵽϶Ҫڴ˿̱Լͬھ
СġԶǴļٵź
һ̣ϫÿһë׶ܵһΣգҪѾˡ
Ķֻܼϫ͵һҧһĨȻ֮ɫ
ৣ
Ȼȳϫжȴ䶸ȻһĨƾն֣ڳϫ֮ǰһ̨һ
꣡
̺žŲһԴ̨֮һĨɫ¾ֽͬƵģһΪ룡
⡭ǡ𡭡
Ƿѵ̨УŲʵ˻и͸һޱȵľ֣ƻȻû뵽ȱʡ
δ£¡һ춯صľ죬ѵ̨Ȼը飬Ƭضû


1575 
̨飬̳ڱء
ϫסؼʱ̣ԭʩչ߱񹦣;ŲӲƴû뵽ᷢıʣ
ɲ֮䣬Ų𶴹̨㱻һΪ룬鵱
ҲζţŲҲһսᣬĿܣ
һĨɫǴģ
˭ؼʱ̾ԼһΣ
ϫνĹˣȴûзһ˿쳣ɲһĴڣΪڶ֮ϣ
ôԷ˭
ϫŲʱһ˻ִʲô
ĳ˵֣һԵƣϹĳĳƺ
ӣûˣʱ򣬰ŲʱնųϫСϾϲá
ϫҡͷһ£ٶ롣
û뵽Ӿɱһλ֪϶ᾪ°͡ڣԴĽؿųϫ
ϫȻȴ̾Ϣɱ϶ĿɲԼʵûʲôԺġ
ϣţҴϾԲŹģأԶһԹޱȵĴȡ
ϫ̧ȥʱüͷһһۣݿɲǴ졣
ֻǺȻһҲûע⵽ղͻأֵһĨ⣬ǰԼɱŲס
ϫɲ͸Էˣ֮ǰܵһ˿𶯣ͺĴڡ
˿̼ԷȻҳвԼϫɱٴӿ
ৣ
ûκԥϫӰһŲʱգԶɱȥ
ˡ
ɻû͵һЦһ⼣߲ͭһתһɻɬޱȵĲ¡һʢԣ˹Юɲ֮ʧ
ϣ
ϫ̧һ˹ȥգûκЧͷһɲǼ䣬˾ʹƬʧһûʱղ
óϫɫһһжǰһ߲ͭͣһǴһ˲ıˡ
ֻ½ѩī֮Ҳ鷳ˡϫૣȴֻܾʹա
ʼͰһս

һǧİʮ񾧣ʮĸţʮ̺㷨ŵĹţʮ
һϣջ֮ḻ˳ϫϣΨһеźǣЩջ֮УʵͨһٶܵһĴˣȥһ񾧣Ҳؽۿۡ
߰ɣҸطúϢһȥһͨѩīͨ
һսƷ£ϫһ˼ϡ
һս֮УԳϫҲļ󡱵ǲδ̫ؼں;ŲһսУҲǲòʩչȫʶӵеѲңٿݽߵıԵ
ޡͷԳϫĻһֱƴӡ

ৣৣ
ڳϫͰ뿪ãս֮طһղֳӰ
λصͻ۴ϡ
˵ĺݣ񲻻Ĳ̣Сһ۴һЦ
һĬòŻ˻䣬һһһ磬Ƭս
ۿԿصʬѪˮꡭȫ٣Щݵĵ棬ҵѷ죬Ҳ޸ָƽȡ
һУת£˭κΣֻϣҽ֮٣ܻһԵɡ
ȻƽУʦͽӰһģƵģڤڤʧ

עƽλͻ۴뿪󣬽Ƭ̣һƬսٴһˡ
Ϲʦ֣һ⴦սϢѱĨȥѷκκۼһһ̽̾ڡ
һĬ
Ǻǣû뵽ĩ֮зĴս̫ϽȴԴһ֪һĪķ̰κΪһ׿ȻԳ
Ϲʦ֣ʵսۼ䱻Ĩ±ȻʹЩѲϵǰЩӣǵһЩʦܱӵϢټ˴֣Ҫɱһ½
֮ǰ˵ݸղ۲쵽սһǿܹ˵ǵսҪʮϵսܲһģҲֻˡ
ΪױϹʦֵ˵ͷֻǺܺ棬ôΪʲôһս˭ʤ˭
ܼ򵥣ͨرգЩţȻ֮ͨ⣬֤֮һս֮ȫ䡣
˼ֻǣȴû취Ʋ½˾˭ˡ
춼˴󶯸ɸģطѰ֮ˣעǲһĩ֮ġ
Ϲʦָ°ͣ˼Ƭ̣ǻȥϼӿأۺ˽ͨϸݣ½֮ɻˣ

Ȼ
ߣ⼸죬ҶʦҪѲ߮ͨ򲻿ɳκ©Ҷʦ巢ŭϹʦֳ
Ҷʦ壡
ԣԶɫһݣвƵ¶һĨļɵǿһϲŭ޳ɱ޳ĺŮˣ
дﶼû취ǽ䰲ѩī۲Ĳ

һƬĺ֮ϡ
ϫϥ޸ĵ
ԱߵһѪɫҶϣϥϣҲھ
һ
ϫѹĿһƳԱߵİһ̫Σգܹƽȹһʱ䣬Ѿһ
һ޸ϫΪѾָٴһ˿Ҫ΢еԲز
ٶΪ⣬սԶ;õʦĥʵԴ̼ͷǱ
ֱϫŷԸһҪһЩȡܹ̤Сɾ硣
ԣյָʿƵģͷӷģһܵŵġ
˵ʱһֳģһֳŷȣʼڷԲѲ߮ٲȻһؾְģ
ϫݸСֱ̫ϲˡ

һϫٵ飬һſ̺Ĺȡ뵽εĴ֮С
˳žСɣɣԲĸ磬ÿһ졣
Գϫʣڶʱ֮ʥȡͻƣҺãд̺֮ĹΪͷʹ
˵Ҫмĩܹ֮ǿϵ㷨ţҲ޷óϫܹһݾ
һУϫҪѹεļʮ̺ĹһٽСɵز
ͻƿͨɵʱһλǿߵʵ츲صı仯


1576 

Ѫɫ£һӰƿշɳۣһĨƮķ磬׽סۼ
һӰ·壬忡һԺǿհ嫣Ͷ㶼һƶȻʡ
ˣǳϫ
ǰѹεЩ̺Ĺȫһٽ֮ͻСɵزΪҲ֮ٴη˷츲صı仯
֮һǾŲµһ̺һλ߱򣬼ΪˣƾЩ΢񾳵Ĺ򣬶޷ϫôͽ֮Сɵز
սٶǾŲԽĨɱٽֶˡ
һ߷ɳۣϫһ߸ʵı仯ҲпԼԴĩ֮һֱŲͷȴУһŬԶΪջܶԷ
˭뵽ҲΪԷŴپԼķ֮ʥСɵز
ͽһһģΪڤڤһ˿ڡ
Ҳ֪ʵѩī֮Уܴںεˮƽˡϫ
Ϲվĩ֮ɱȣӵǧ򾳣ǧݺ۳ҵһλ棬еǿ߶ȻͬСˡ
οڳϫԼܹڶ΢йڸȺۣ֮ϣж񣬶񡭡
ϫڼʶһĨɱŲɫ֮оǶ֮ϣֻ»иΪǿĴˣ
£ϫǶԼӵеĲκε֮УԼվһͨõλ
ӣ˵Ϲ֮УһϱϹĸڣսӦ㹻λз֮еĶ΢񾳶֮ˡ
ڳϫڵİȻڣӯӯһ˿Ľ

ϫһУİ֮Уֹһεؿһبڻ֮еİ񵥡
ϱһԻϵ֣ӵϣκԣܹλϣһϵҫ
ɳϫȴһֱһִԭͳںͼƬϣʱڷ֮ʯһҪȡõ֮飬ȴ֮ܵĴѹؼʱ̣Ǻͼæһ˱ؽܴɡ
ҲǴһ̿ʼϫбһصİһ˿ͽ䱸
Դ˿̵ӰʱϫҲ΢΢Щӣо裬ȴɻ󣬶Ϲڵԣһ־ʲô

ΪκͼƬһɵ⣿
ӣϫԣЩɻ
Ŷйط飬˰񾿾ʲôãϫһٺ˼롣
˽Ҳֻ࣬˵֪һλжһڷϵһĿȻˡ
һ˵ǷΪ죬ϵǹƽܹڹһλ߱ʵжǿ
ңǿΪĲͬҲǷˡ΢񡱡񡱡񡱡һЩ񵥡
ܹλϵģĪĳһ֮
һУóϫɽġư񡱡޽񡱵ȵȰ񵥡
ֻͬǣҪΪأóϫÿἰʱܻƲסظֳһĨĽ䱸;衣
ָоͺԼһϱߣ˶һ
ҿɲϣԼֳϱߡϫ̾˿
Ϊʲôһ̫žȱ֮Уֶڷ֮УҽԶԴΪҫЩǣҲһ׷Ŀ꣬ӵһֽʥĿ
ɳϫ˿̾˵ԸֳڰϣΪ졣
³׳ҿɲЩǣۡϫЦЦûи߰˼
Ͼ̫޺أԽ֪Խá
һ
ǷѪɫȻһЩ仯˵һЩɫɽˮƱ̿գҰ
ϫʱ㣬ԼѾҪ뿪Ѫɫˣǰĳطһͨѩīͨ
ͨѾԶˣһؿֻҪǱ˳Ϲڴ֮ǰκΣգмǲϫɫ࣬о侲
ӣҪһ˺Щ̫ϽͽӲƴ𣿡ȴ̲סʵ
ϫ΢΢ЦЦڴ֮ǰһǰȻء
˵ţǸֳһԵģʮ꣬ΪĿ
ƤһԾǻƤľ۳ıʧ֪£û뵽㾹Ѱ
ϫ㽫ԼЩƤľһһ֮
ǿ湻С޴ġ֪һУЦ
ϫҲЦˣҲǵһСĶ֣оЩ˼顣
ҪƤװɺˣ
Ȼ̫Ͻ̵ͽϫ˵ţ뵳һģһɲǼ䣬ӨӨת֡
ЩʱϫѱһˣһϮ£ͷңһ˵ֶϢȻ̫Ͻ洫գ
㡭ԱһĻסˣȻû뵽ϫģֹˣҲȫͬ㶼š
ôϫԼһҲǸп֮ԼоԼոһ
ɳƶͳֶصζ¶䣬Ѱݷܹģ⡣
̫ˣԣһģһ֪̾ΪΣЩнСģȻЩ޷ܳϫֱ仯
дҲ֪һԻƤľƤжôͲ˼顣
ƭЩˣ߰ɡϫһĿңңԶ


һƬɫҰϣкبһɫͷ׵ʱǹ̶ˮһ룬ڿҡҷݡ
ԶԶȥһƮ裬εΪ׳ۡ
ʱ֮ǰһΰΡʱȫ
֮ǰأһǿѲ߮Եɭɱ
̫Ͻصͨһĩ֮ͨѩīΨһ·
㣡Ҷʦ弴ǰѲӣʲô©ǿ֪жأ
һ֮߳ǰĿһɨܣ㳯ЩѲ߮ĵȳһ䡣
ЩѲ߮ĵӲҵ׷״ɱڵѲܣʱ¾һֻӬᱻǾĨɱˡ
ͬʱھ˵ذ֮⣬һݵ㣬ʮλ̫Ͻͽء
ھݵ֮ǰ˿һӰŶӣȴݣ񾧣԰Ȼȹطߣʱ֮С


1577 ƽ
ϸ۲죬̫ᷢϽ̲һͨطߡ
һأפڰ֮ľݵ㣬ʮλ̫Ͻͽأ֮ͨ˵ݺȡ񾧡
ڶأλһ֮ǰһ߮ѲߵĵӣҪӦͻ״
أһ񹬣ڳϵĶǿߣԼྫǿĵӡ
̫Ͻפĩ֮еطߣɭɱûκεǡ
ڳе̫ϽͽҲϰ֮ڣԴģսʱĿԵΪϡ٣ɱˣпжȼԵֵǧ
ټ̫Ͻ̵ƣЩϹǿҲеﵷˡ
ټһѲڴ˵ĻԵɲˡ
˿̣ڵһǰһӰŶӣȴݺͽ֮󣬱ʱѩī
ȻһӰȻѩī֮УЩ½ĩ֮񾳴ڣǸҿ˵صġ
ԭܼ򵥣̫Ͻ̶ԴЩ½ǿֻһ̬ȡȫ£䵱ūͣ䵽ңԶδ֪֮Ϊ̫ϽЧ
һ鷢ζҲԶˣΪδ֪֮δ֪Ϊ̫գ˸ȥðգ
ǣ˵ôλӵĴЩͨͽرˣҲֻ֣׶༪١
˵죿Ҳˣټ˲֣׷һĹӸ磬ټһȺػƺܳʲôΣհɣ
ôܣûǼһﵽڻû𣿲ֹЩӿҲһҲû֣⼸ĩ֮һ˿Ϣ˼һҿֻѡǶġ
һطݵǰһŶӵȴͨӰԽŮӵṫӸ硣
ȻǶѩīϵǴ졣
ǿɾЩ˼ˣ˭һ֪Ͽһλ񱣻λӵġ˼
Ҳܺ档
˷׷ףͬɻܰһһ򾡣ֶο˲֮
һݵ֮⣬һӰݷһƬϿӰУһϮ£ͷңȫڱΣ˸
֣ǾȻ֪ѾɱˡϫڶӰУ﷭ӿ˼֮ɫ
һսĶ֮󣬿ȴ˵֪һУóϫԼʶֻµԼ뿪ְ֮ԼһƬսекۼˡ
˭ᰵаԼ
أϫ˵ʱɱŲһɫ⣬һλص
һУ᲻λһ˵ֱʣ
ҲֳϫƲ⣬ĩ֮Уϫ˺̫žλʶֻʣλصˡ
Ȼܹ쵽һеģҲֻλصϺ
ǣǳʲôԭҪڰаԼأ
ϫ벻ףֻҡͷΣݶǱµġ

ʱУϫһֱݷ侲۲Զ̫ϽõߣǽϼȡԼҪϢ
磬Щؾݵ̫Ͻͽ֣ԼǼʱʹõķţԼɵ񾧷õȵȡ
ЩϢϸޱȣɶԴ̫Ͻ洫յĳϫԣһǡҪġ
Ͼգ̫Ͻ̵ӣԲκη¶ʲô©ˡ
ֱҹĻ٣ԭʯžĳϫȻ۾΢΢һУˣ

ণ
һӥ쳹һֻƽɵչʮɷΧ˫ƿն˺Ʋ㣬ڲ̻ݡ
һ̫Ͻ̵ݣÿʱɰһʱ䡣
ȻͷƽƷʲôطһУ£̽ƵצӣݺݳһϿȥ
ɴһ̿ʼһţǻƽӰڽϿ֮󣬱ûκε죬˼һ
ţκʦ֣Сôû˶һݵǰһɻ󿪿ڡ
ͷëϲϹɣֻ±˭ɱ˳ˡЦſЦ
죡
һ෢Ӳõһۣ㼴üͷһ壬ԶһջǷĲ£λȥ
ȥɣȥɡ
Ҳλκʦ֡ͷƽں
κʦּˣ˵ͷҴҶȥ
κ
һƬϿǰĿһɨʱǺЦǺֻͷƽ˿ſڵϣ˯أԹһĿˮ
С𣡿
κʦִǳ⣬ȴСȻԼɫһҧϿȣⱹ̫磬㾹⸱ģ
˵ţһƾͳСͷ­ȥ
ৣ
ɾڴʱһӰƾո֣һֱסͣͬʱһĨĽҲǵʺǷƥĽ̼Ƥðһ㼦Ƥ
κʦͫʱţӲоŭ˼£ԼܵһѾ׼
бЦѣȻ˸̫Ͻ̵ĵԼֱǲ֪
λκʦԼģȻЩ½Ϊ޷ǱԼǽʱ
飬Ҳûκʦֺܿ侲ôǣ۶ԷʲôҪͳͳӦȽԼҵ֮ͻöԷ֪͵ϮԼḶصĴۣ
ɽһУȴκʦֵϣֻ۵һֻоʺһܵʹǰһڣʧȥ֪
ûܷӦԷ˲ơ
ӣΪҪɱ̲סڡ
ҵģһģǡһѻ֮ԴѰҪĴ𰸡
ƽУϫλκʦ֡ʬڵϣһ㿪ʼж

һ
ţκʦȥôãôһؾݵǰʶüڡ
ĸһȥǧҪСģĩ֮˶ͨҪرˣ£ⲻЩ֮ͽ᲻һиһЩ¡
Ϊһ°ߵϣ
£λ̫Ͻ̵ǳԶѰȥ
ҹɫ£˶񾭣ɫɱоǾ֮ɫѰķΧ
ܿ죬ǱһϿУֳ֮УûͷƽκʦֵӰϢδһ˿ʲôҲѰٲ
Ź֣κʦȥ
ҿ϶ͷḛ̈ԣȥѰˣκʦֻҲһȥˡ
Ҳǣϴκͷ飬ҪҪǰȥѰһ
ˣǻȥɣκʦֻȥѰҲ١
ţ
£һ飬㼴תء
ৣ
ɾڴʱԶҹУشһʱղ
˶ʱˢˢŤɨӹȥԴ
ɵǿʱԶס΢΢һʦ֣ôˣ


1578 ͵컻
ĸ̫Ͻ̵ӽԶû뵽ûѰҵκʦ֣մʦ֡
ʦ֡ܿ죬Ǿԭ
ʲô৵һһϮ£ͷңϢġաҲǳϫƮȻ俪ڡ
ʦ֣ҵѰκʦ֣֮ǰκʦĻƽʧκʦҲǰѰңѹȥһʱ䣬κʦȴδأҵȵĲԡһæڽ͡
˵꣬㱻ϫߴϣߣһҲûУЩĩ֮ĿЩڰˣ
ɳƶᣬ͸һ˹ĺ䡣
̫Ͻ̵ӻһ£ɫ䣬ап࣬ǿǺԼλʦһ飬ɵԽء
ˣмҪǰѩīһˣαһΣϫ֣ת㳯Զȥ
̫Ͻ̵Զǰһæ׷ȥ
ʦ֣ʱִĩ֮ģҲ֪ͨһҵԻǰӭݵġ
ʦ֣еʦʦöðɣҿ磬϶ڴʦֵͳ£̫Ͻˡ
ԣԣƾʦֵܣɿа첻飿
һ·ϣĸ̫ϽͽֱƵģСЦųϫһ
óϫап̫Ͻ̵滹湻ŵġ
֮ǰüıǻƽԴΪնһٽλκʦɱȻ֮ѰԼҪĶ
̫Ͻ̵ĵλзʽֶΡȵȡ
ʴˣһ·ϳϫû˷һͣһ˺޻֮ģûϾ˻ðˡ
¾ֻҲϲһ˿ϾǿɻƤľƤƤңڴˣ޷αˡ
ܿ죬ϫһ˱ǵһؾݵǰ
ϫλʦ֡աʱפھݵһ̫ϽͽҲһ궯ɫ֮оţٽԶ¶һĨη
ͬеɻôʦʱȻǰˣ
ǵ֪֮УǱ֮еһλټеĽͽһϯ£źƽٱһƿ̫ϽС
ҲˣǿճʱŻԵΪ
ɻɻ󣬿ȴǲȥѯʣտ洫ӣͬȴܽأۼλЩͽܹȡ
ټ壬ǸҲȥðȻѯˣյĲ͡
ǿû뵽ֱ֣ϫһ벻ȥһЩȥһˡ
Ȩϫȥ䵱һص̫Ͻ̵ӣǾԲȡЧˡ
ûκ谭ϫֱͨ˵һطݵ㣬ֻһǰǰȥ
룬ܹԶĲ֮ϣبһɫʰ쵵ʱһĳڿƮҷΪĿ
ֻҪУ԰Ȼˡϫһȴ
κʦֵļ˽Ϣ֮ǰѲߵӣ˰˶ӣÿһӾˣÿĶΪһ飬Ѳ߮ܣһͻǱӦ
ЩѲ߮ӵʵ¶Ƕ΢񾳣ǶԳϫ첻ɶвɵеĴڡ
𶴹Уÿһλ߳һһڣλԴϵľŲҲǲ¡
ֻǶһˣϫԽնɱˣǶĻֻķݶˡ
ΪϫɵǣõϢһڽʱѲڴˣ˵ʲôʱͻȻ֡
ǿǱȶǿڣһΪ˷Σһ϶ԷϫɣԼϣС
£ϫǲһĻµ֮ǳôʱ䣬뿪Ƿ֮ء
ףǴʦ֣
ʦ־Ȼˣѵ֮еѾĻ𣿡
һȺͨϹͨҪرգԴʦֵ־ԲǸСУϹʩչ֮ء
ǣֻһˣ
Ͳܲĵˡ
ԶԶؿϫӰʱЩѲ̫߮ܵϽͽԶһ󾪲׷׺
ڴˣϫҲϢʣһĨķƵģ쳯ȥ
ЩҲѶԴϰ֮Գδ֡
գ
ȳϫһɽƵ¡¡
ϫʱüͷһ̧ͷйֵգʦ塣
λʦ壬Ϊڣһ𶴹ۼݣ֮Ҳ̫Ͻ̵ڽ̼볤ˣĩ֮򣬻˵̫ϽϹУ̫Ͻ̵ĵλȴһѰĳϰˡ
ȻǻաЦһλͷ෢Ŀ׺Ӵ߳ȵ֣̽Ҫһĳϫ
ϫȴǲźۼ˳һƽʦ壬˴мҪϹ򣬽һ
Ŷһֻգɫ΢΢һͣͻָ糣´˳ϫһۣзĳֱʣ
˵ʱ˲
ޱȣʮִׯʯڴ໹һЩţ֮⣬Եüª֮
ȷЩʡϫͷĿȴǲźۼشŴеһС
Ȼһһ±й֮޲ҺãװգһؿԽԼ֮ˡ
ϫͷתͷ˵סһӲעΪһϰϫڴˣʱֻܹҲܵ˵̫ϽͽΧɱˡ
֮з˱ʣ
Ŷ˺αʣǵȥһ棿
ʱ򣬴ٴһ󲨶ֳһһŮӰ
һϮۣ׿Ȼһ֮ŮѣĮׯһ˵ơ
Ϲʦ֣ʦ塣
ϫˣٴιּ񣬶ԷһϹٽ㣬һױԶǶ񾳴ڡ
ټ֮ǰڣλ̫Ͻפĩ֮еǿˡ
һ̣ϫҲǾ赽˼£ȴǲһģһڶҵӰ֮С
ǣδõʱҲǲλй¶ϫڣɳơ
ԣԶüͷһ塣
Ϲٽ㣬۾ϸ˳ϫһȻ˶ԻƤ֮ɱιأ
˵ţ͵ӰһָΪ͵سϫźݺݴɱ˼¡


1579 
ͣͣ
ձ罣ָ綴˺ѶĤХ
Ϲٽͳϫ֮ľֻߣ˿ͻȻ֣ǵƼֱ˵˼¡
һλ
ͻı֣˵Ƕ΢񣬿¾ǶڴˣҲѵһˡ
һɲǣʱ䶼ƾֹ
ڡױɫ΢΢һ㵣Ʋδ뵽ϹٽΪҪն֣ԣҲȥֹ
ϫͫһڶ֮µϷһĨ⣬ÿһë׶ܵһǿޱȵв
գδ֣ô΢΢ҲָƽԴϹٽ㡣
ţ
Ϲٽüͷһ壬ָѿҪϫʺϵһɲǣȻӰһ˻ԭλ
ͬʱͷųɱҲ糱ˮɢȥ
һжڵʯ֮䣬Ĳ˼飬ֱʱһĻղٰɱٺ磬һжƺָԭӡ
ѰڴˣΪԼۻˡ
ϫûۻϹٽ죬Ϲʦ֣Ǻ⣿ƴм͸һĨɭȻɱ
УǽµҲڴ˿̳׷ɣŸоѽ͸һ亹
һɲǼ䷢飬Գϫȴ֮շתһ⣬յ˼¡
ʵԿԱܿһһͳױ¶ݣϾգȴδֶ֮һ֣͵ǲˡ
ԣؼһɲǣջǶһΣͶϹٽ̽Լ
յĽӮˡ
ԣ˿̽еŭطΪգ̫Ͻ洫ӣΪˣɵλȴڳλҪһЩ
ԣʸŭҲڴ˿̱Լķŭ
ȻϫʣںױҲüͷһ壬ĿϹٽ㣬ɫв֮ɫ
յݣǶΪɵϹٽȴһֶ̽ԷǱ֪ǽ𷣲ɣһƱҲǣϣ޷ܵġ
ȻŭȴδʣΪҲɻϹٽΪʲôҪѵǰϣʲô֮ɣ
ʦ֣Ҳ˵ǰЩӵ֮У˲ٻƤľ壬ҵ˻װʦֵܵģǰɻˡ
Ϲٽ㹰Ǹȴڴϫɲһ˿ɡ
óϫаһݣⱳ꣬ڶ˵һͷۼʵ;裬ȴй֮޲
Ƥľ壿
ۣʱںױȻϹٽΪҪ
㣬ҿĲ̫ˡҡͷǰ֮ǻգԴУ
ƤľֶεȷҵǸо޲ףֻЩˣ붯֮ǰԼѯҲáױҲǿڵ
ôλʦҲڻҵݣϫɫһһ˵һֳöӲӵͭǮתݣͷųɲѹ
䱦ͭǮ
һ£ںױϹٽɫ΢΢һ䣬вֹ¶һĨηһ˿ڲؼĳ̰
ǽеܲϵãҲˣǶԳϫκν١
䱦ͭǮװյģ鱦޷ðģ
ĪŭҵҲСϾͬرգĩ֮еҲǲֹۣΪԷЩ½ǿ߽ͬҵҲֻܸӾ衣æЦſڡ
ߣСµȷȴìͷָͷϣɾЩˣĪλΪ洫ֻһ裿ϫˣ򶨣䱦ͭǮɨһۡ
ңҡæ֡
㲻мôҵҲ㣬ͿͨŻ뿪˼֮ҵһƬȭȭ֮ĵķϣĪҪἰ¡
ױڣ˽յĹ飬֪ȥֻ᳹׵˶Է
Զԣʦ˵Ķԡæ͡
ΨϹٽһһԲüͷ壬Ҳ֪˼ʲô
˵ʱںױһ࣬ﴣһͭŻϱ߷ܲɬޱȡͭŻǰκ󣬴źȻ
ʦ壬ʦ壬ˡϫˣǰ˹֣ȴǲϹٽ㣬ٲȻһѼǺϴ˵ģ
ڶһпչȻǸر治֪ǳں⣬Ϊ洫ӵġ
˵ʱϫ̧ű뵽ͭŻڣŻڣֱͨһبڿеʱ֮С
û뵽һжҲ˳ϫһһ·ɭϷߣҲпƤľƤȻһԼֶΣֱǿ졣

óϫ׷ģ͵شһŴö
ȫͬ˷ˣöޱȣϫУȴӴóϫһڣԴѣӰҲ֮һ˿͡
ã
ϫпһ̺ܵһԵľ㤣֪Ϊкεȿֲ
һɲǣκԥ͵תȫΪӰһ͵سʱڳȥ
ʦֶǿС󣬱һ֣ȴܣ㣬ΪβҪҴҶȥأ
Ŵöٴڶ羪ףóϫĤըѣ¶ڲѣѪڷݡ
ȻŮ˾ʲôΪѵλҶ
ڳϫ֮ǰõϢ֮УʱһѲڴˣԷֱҶ˵ޱȣȴϲŭ޳ɱ˲գۣЩפĩ֮е̫ϽͽԶɵ˹
ǶԷĻǿɾʹˣ
ЩͷڳϫһĶȴǺһ̵Ҳ˲ڸݣһĨƵʱȫǰ

һ쵶ʵʱڲһޱȵܾǰ쵵ʱձϣ財
޷ʱŲƵģΪʱ֮УϫΨһܹģọ̈̄
ֻҪ̵ͷܳɹִѩī
㲻ǻʦֶˣЩ飬ݶϲҿһλ汻Сһɻˡ
ĵ̾Ϣƹ֮Ƶģڳϫը죬мɫһףһּѪĳ嶯
ŮˣҲ˿ֲ
ϫ͵һҧһĨȻ¯ȼգ˴Źٶٴһ
ףѵΪӳҵƣŮΪ죬ƺڳŪϫĲ
¡˵ʱһɿֲޱȵһֲ˼ٶ׷ϳϫɱ£


1580 ֮
¡
һͻأɱɲʱ̣ΪһĲ͵ؾҲҪƵġ
ϫϾȥעЩһϮʱʶԼٶȣ޷˦һ
Լʶأ͵תݺһն
ৣ
ϣʢ٣񹂷ģǽ֮ڶʽۺΡ
һ֮ҪΪֲ̺ųϫСɵز֮ȫܣƴȫ
ŲҲȻѵһˣ
ء
һɿֲײȻ쳹ĽɢܣʱŤ
ϫȻǣԼһֽͬƵģû
һڵͭԲ£Ӿ£ӯһԭʼӵԲо
һɫͭĹɱ£ϫһҲֽͬƵģױ
ˡ
ȳϫٴηӦһöɫͭٴɱصһӲ˳ϫǰһѪ˶ɳȥԶ
ۣ
ϫѪվɫǲҰ׵˼£ؿڵѪڴСֻһ˿Ҫࡣ
һѱˣ
óϫԼţԼ˴ˣɴҲԿ֮ǰ֮˵ʵǺεȿɲˡ
ӵʵҲܻǶ
СһղʹõĽ֮УһɷϢĪɽĵӣҲ²⣬òǸϫɣ
һŴöһĵӰƴԶʱ
һͷŨܷŵɫĳʤѩˮһƺɫȹѣ񻰼͹յ͸һɾĶǵջ󣬱ǰ¶һĨҫ۵ѩףһͽסȣڸ
ŮˣȻɣĶˣÿһɢһԿܵջ󣬿Ǿ
ɵϫȴް෴Σյĸоǿңһӵ֮Ůħͷ㡣
Ϊϫ𾪵ǣƾԼһγ֣ԷһжϳԼɲѰܹ֮ӵеġ
ӳϫˣٵŮ˳֣һ˵ʵڶ̶̼գۼɡ
ϫҲһжϳԷȻλӵж֮ΪҶˣ
ৣ
ˣϫҲͣͣΣյĸо̼ʶٴѡ
ͷӣ
ԼͣǶԷˣƴ޷Է
ԣΨܲΨһѡ
ȻǸϫˣȻ紫ǰ˲ãϧΪ֮ɽӣԵõ΢̫ࡣ
ǺŮӲ죬һգ۾׷˳ϫ̽һֻаƵ֣ᳯϫ¡
һɲǣʱ羲ֹһεɢƴ֮㣬ڱÿһοռ֮С
ϫֻоһ˷ӿһɾ˺ݺݼѹӲʮɽѹһֱϢ޷Ҫݵо
̫£棬Ԫ豣򵥵ȴ澳֮κ޷ֿ
ǶƣһΪΣĳһ֮еĵ棬һġԪ
ϫɫ䣬ʩչȫ޷һ⣬첻ŭʶ΢Ͷ֮Ĳ࣬Ǻε֮
ô죿
ϫ͵һҧѪȻһɲǼ䣬ͷڷѩ˿˵ƣȴȻһ
߱񹦣
صĹؼʱ̣ϫҲǲɱʩչһײõɱﵡ
أ
ͬʱǺŮӵ֣ᰴϣƱ޴УܿƵصɳȥ
֮УɫҰ͸пѪֹǶ֪˼ɲǼһǧٿ׵ƴƵģҵ˼¡
⻹ʩչ˱߱񹦣ǻ֮ǰֻµһҪ
ţȻûһı߱񹦵ȷֻǿϧΪ̫ͣսҲСޱȡ
ǺŮӽЦüĿ欣Ȼʮ㡣
ѷٴȻɱ̬ģҪɵԼᣬȾһ˿ɱȴԵսĿɲ
һЫˣЦȻ֮䣬ɱΣԶԶ֮вƱһĨ⡣

ϫʹңԴ죬˴ĩ֮ղпս
Ҳ֮ҵһս޷֣޷мܣܵĻᶼã
ɫɳսĥ³ǿ־ʹ˷½ֻʣһ˿ãĻᣬҲʹˣ
ৣ
ٴվٴ
ԶԿһĨ⣬һʱľͷֻҪӳȥԽѩī֮С
ڽѩīֻ֮ĴѸǳϫ˿ܹȥǵġ
˿̵ֻһ뷨ΣҲҪȥ
óܻһҪ֮ʮϫŮӺ޵˹
°ɣѩīӳҵ׷ɱˣԽȥͬҲԵġ
ϣٴδһŴö֮ȥʣݺݴųϫĶ־
ͬʱһɿֲҲٴγϫֶ£֮ղţƺҪֲ֣
һɲǣϫвӿһĨԶƵŭ𣬶ˣΪԼѾ㹻ٲܽ˭룬ǿĴʱԼ߱Ե˲һ
ҲҪһ𣡡ϫŭ𣬻ȼա
ˣ
ڳϫҪƴһɲǣһĹȻ𣬺¡¡Ǳɱһײһ
һɲǼ䣬ʱҹƿҪ飬ʢޱȵŰ˷һжû
ϫˣȻֳģԼһȴ׹ǣȾѪصһԼУ˫գ֪
һɲǣϫɫ࣬иӿһ޷ݵĺ⣬۽ȫȼգ
ǣû뵽ԭһ̫žСѾͷһУǺŮӷδţЦٻ⣬ٴⲽٲȻһʤȯյ̬
ƲʲôɫȻһ䣬͵ˡ
䣡
ɲǣλõʱϣȻ飬һɿֲĺһٽϫӰû
ʱ̣֮޷һһѷ죿
ŮӾŭӨ׵ϵһ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ǣһ죬һ㣡Ǳʱ֮Уϫ͸޾
ǺŮɫȻһ䣬һҧӨ촽ȻЦصԺˣھȥɱǣ
˵ʱӰһһɫͭȫ˾Ҳǳ뵽ʱ֮С


1581 ѩϯ
ѩ׷ɣ԰ס
ţԶɽȣһƬϣһҹƯһңѩһ㡣
Ȼ֮ϵըеһӰͨһ׹뵽˺ˮ
һĻʱƻ˻Уŵǹϵ߻һ£ͶС

ˣ߲δˣæӴܶȥһ̾Ͳټ
д˿˵ģҲһĸˡ
ܲģΪ˺г̾һͷޣֻҪల£һʧ׹УᾪޣǺǿµĺܡ
𡭡
ȻƬ̣һ޺Ӻ״𵴰˷ѩɡ
һͷӴޱȣţţƬĶƿˮˣӴ֮վӣͷųһ
Բһ飬һ̶ŵ÷زڣֲ̿Ƕ޵㡣
ĸˣҴүүޣ޴նը飬ϯ˷ǧΡ
ৣ
ڴʱһĨӰƾո֣һͷɫʤѩƥȻɣ
ţС᲻ˣһɨܣüһհĿ˺ͷޡ
ýĵСӣǶһͫо¶һḬ֮̃ɫ
أ
ɻ£Ů֣̽ңңһץӲͷӴƾ޼¡
Ƕ޺Ȼͫе̰ɲǼʧֻʣľֺη壬
㣬ղſһӳŮڡ
Ȼҡͷʾ֪
꣡
һ̣ʺͱ飬ӴޱȵһɽƵģ¡׹֮Уǧɸߵˮˡ
ڴˣŮţһֻһȻûϣüǿ־ɨɲǱ㸲ǰﷶΧ
ɽҰꡢϵ¶һһϸѲһ飬ȴһ
üͷ壬૵С˴Ȼ޷ô벻ѵи˳ֲɣ
ѩ׷ɣǬһƬӨףһϮѣȻѩ֮УԵΪۡ
УĵڤڣԽǵһѰӡ
κ󣬺Ůһϡ
һΣҲҪɱϫֹΪԷɹؿѩīУؼǶԷгϫ
ɽˣϸЯͼرǺŮΪصģˣݣͲмԳȥɱһ΢ˡ
ৣ
һ̣Ӱһʧããѩ֮С


ӹһ١ϫɫɷ͸˺ۣһƬص˼¡
֮ǰʱʱսӲʱƿһѷ죬Ȼ䱦ͭǮܣӹ˱ʱշ籩촷۵³
ɳϫϵǣһǺŮӾ׷ɱٹ˲æƣȫڣŻΪġ
һϵежѴﵽļޣ˿̻ƴ̼һͷʹȥ
˿ܹǵѣԳƵǽҡ

ϫæó񾧿ʼһ޸ƣЧȴΪ
ٶȣûиأȻ޷׻ָˡ
ԭڣϫֹˣʹ˱߱񹦣һӴﵽʷǰ״̬֮С
Ψһóϫİǣ֮ΪأټͷѱŮɱֻҪûǿߵִѻᷢټˡ
ϫǴԼԻָʱ뿪
Ͼʱ׹󣬽뵽ĵһǺŮþѰٲ»ɱһǹǺɲˡ
ֻί˰ϫһһ̾Ϣѡ
˿̵İĶڣҰףգ΢˿뵽һصĻ״̬Ҳ֪ʱܹ
óϫǷߺޣֱǺŮӺ޵˹ѾгһһҪһʮԷˣ
ϫٶ룬񣬱ʶһ飬뵽εĲ֮С

ѩϯڸ
λƣ֪һš
ԴͷޱɱƬбʱӰȺУҪǶ޵ʬ̳ϧԶܴɣû취޵ʵ̫ӴɽƵģЩҲ޿κΡ
ֵһǣЩ˽Ըɽоסɽ񣬿ȴδ޵
֮ʼΪǿ֮⣬Ǻ֮еķҲ޲ͬ
һٴһһӰ
꣬ԼĪʮ꣬СԼĪʮһۣ꣬ɻ¶ļȴʯţжݶý׳
ľͷ磬𣿡
ӣвУҾ벻ϰ
룡
Ǿ͸һ޵ĶǸˣǱһ뿪ɽ壬ǰжһһЩ񾧣ѾƻˣֻҪ񾧣Ǳ԰ʦѧգгһգҲܺ绽꣬Ǵ˶Ϻӣ
ţҶľͷģ
໥˺ߡ
ӣһסһҪߣһʲô⣬Ҳܰ㵲һľͷһ࿪ڡ
ľͷ磬ҶѾˣСˣһҧͨһ˺С
ľͷ˴ҡͷЦһﻹҪǿ
Ŀǣһ̣ӾǱһִˮзˡ
ӦһεӰһˮ߳ɫ԰ף䣬һͷɢ˫硣
ﰡŵ۴УȻû֣ѰȻ˺ϡ
ľͷ򶨣һ˭
һӰȻǳϫǰŬ򶨵꣬΢΢һЦҿ϶ǹ
˵ţľͷļ򣬵˵ҪǣҪҪһȥΪ꣬ҿԸͷ޵Ķǣʮ񾧡
ģľͷһû뵽ϾȺ£Ҳ۴С
ϫЦЦ񾧵ݸľͷһı꣬ǷģֻǽǶѣʱǱ뿪
ľͷִ˴ǰ񾧣סһǿ԰ĵļãҴӦ
ľͷ磬ѵǻ𣿡һü
һǮƣüֵλǰǻˣǡľͷƽ
ϫˣЦЦ˼Ҳܡ
߰ɣҶһ֪һ·ϻЩҪλС硣ϫһӣ꣬ʩչʱŲ֮˲뿪
ৣৣৣ
ڳϫ߲ãǧٵʢݹƿնǧƵģ飬εΪ׳ۣƬ֮ϡ
ƽӱڴ˺ڿʼѣڵߣҲܴκһ䣡
һ߳ȣ˭ѰмֵڤھԲ
˺ȻӦ


1582 
ϫȻ֪뿪ãһڤڵǿ֮ǰڵĴ֮ǰټչޱȵѰ
˿̣ľͷɽҰ꣬ʩչݷɳڲ֮£ˮǧɽ֮ϡ
ѩīǴ˵еϹ
ɳУϫܹܵؼӯżΪ֮֮Աȣĩֱ֮ͬһ֮һ㡣
ÿһκܵԴԴϵӿڣԼ֫ٺӯԼˬĸоֱƮƮɣ˲ιһ㣬ÿһë޲ͨ͸̩Ȼ
Ϲ򰡣ֲúųܾӵȣؼ֮κλܹӵС
ϫаԸпͬʱҲע⵽ֵ֮򣬼ȱԲϾڤڤܱȣĩܱ֮ȡ
УϫһɸоֻϹУѰٵ֮·
ϹĲֻ֮ͬĲͬһ·ϣϫҲע⵽ǴеɽˮԶһɾȻϰȻϢ
ʱա쾭γҲԵޱȵļ̡졢ɢһ㲻ܡبŲࡢȻζ
ܾƬ֮е飬ԪǻԣԶﵽһڷ˼ĸ߶ȡ
ͺñȸߵľͷ꣬Сδ޵ȻȴȻͨ׳׿ȻǸ֮Уһһ޵š
ɸϹ֮Уˣȴһץһѣͨһˡ
óϫпĲͬ˲ͬ飬Խǳߵλ֮УζҲԽ׿Խ졣
һĲ࣬עܹȥı䡣
ͨ׶ԣ˸һֻǻƶƧе˸һ۷壡
θı䣿
ˣ
Ҳľͷӵĳ֣ϫ֪һʵϹ֮Уȫͬиָ顣
ΨһڣǷ޵

˵Ǳ
·ϣϫľͷе֪ԼƬأλڱʱ΢΢Щ졣
ѩī֪ǧеһƿƬĵһǺպڤڡ
ɰ
ϫипĩ֮ʱһ£һŮ泣Ŀĵرеڤڡ
ֻû뵽ǣԼڽѩī֮󣬾ײһ֮С
˵ҲǡԳô˻ᣬиˣȴһ׮
ϫʼѯйر顣
ϧϫЩźǣľͷֻɽҰ꣬Ҳǵһ뿪ӣ߳ɽԱ˽Ⲣࡣ
ǿУóϫ˽⵽ڵĵطһΪľǡϡ
ܹܾӵӵвʮ
ͶһϫӴ֡
֮ǰ˽⣬Ϲ֮У֪ӵһǧңÿһ֮Уӵٸӵǧ
ѩī򣬱ӵǧֻеһ
֮ӵвʮܹܾӵһһֶѻϫƾһԵĸпϹ֮֮졭ֱǳ
ָоͺñȰϹһƬǳǧ֮еΣЩֲ֮е򣬱֮еˮ
Ϲ֮ҲǸ׺񾿾ɽʦʦأϹ֮ȥ
Գ˼ãϫһеĸٶ롣
ָֻ˲ɣΪǿܹӵһս֮Ҷǳ΢񣬾Ǻʤ㡣
£ԳϫԣΨһѡݷ޸ƣֱʵָ۷״̬ŻѡǰڤһˣƷŮ泡

һ
Զĵƽϣ𽥸ֳһΰǳصԶԶȥ̾ؼһͷ̫ް㣬ͷų϶ׯϢ
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ǿ϶Ǹǣ
ľͷӼгɫ¶޾㽡
ϫҲһγţĿıǽǸ޳УһһЩ񾧣Ȼȥʦѧգ
ȻϫüëȻֹһݸľͷ񾧺ͷ޵ĶǣǾɡ
Դ˴ûأҪֿƺЩɣ
Ͽúã򲻼
ϫĿһֱңңԶ˿ȴ֮£ҴҽľͷȻһӣ㽫˴ϡ
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˵ɣϫӰһƿնȥ
ľͷ磬ô£λǰΪߵ˴æȻ
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ľͷһָ侲СĽУȻĿ⾯һɨܣҲϿ뿪
˵ţץסӵ֣һè뵽ɽ֮С
յ蹦
оյ˸⣬ȴȻ֣ǳǳܵȴɱһƬǽϵĴȫѲ߮һִӰһüɷ֮
ڳλãƾһĻϱֳһεӰ
Щǵļһӿˣϳˣṩߣ񾧰ٿţһ׳Ĵڳǰȡ
˭ڤڣ
ԭ˶ΪץˣҲ֪ǺηʥַУȻǵڤڶˡ
ǰŶӽǣһУԶ̲ס۳
ľͷҲڽǵĶ֮У˿һĻϵľӰʱʱһĿɿڴǲǡղλǰ
ſھҪȴһԵľͷźۼһȻ΢΢ҡҡͷʾҪ˵
Ҳʱ׹첻ԡ
ܿ죬Ӱʧ˳֮ڡ
СһﵹǲһЩ񾧡żԶһƬɭУϫ׵֦ͷңңԶ
֮ǰע⵽ǳŴһУŵֹһðȻȥԲˡ
ڤĪǺŮӵָʹĻɾЩˡ
ϫüӿų˼֮ɫ
У뾡УֻнУӡܼ˶ĿҲԴ̽ԼҪϢĽҰ⣬ʱϢȻע⣬̫Σˡ
ϫһһһųʮĸֶ

һ
һ̣ϫѻһòͨ꣬ϢƽѰ˿һ۸ǲסĴڡ
ȻӰһʩʩȻǰɭϵĳȥ


1583 츣
ৣ
һǿӳϫɨ
ɫ䣬ֻƳһԶǰפصһǿߣ̹Ȼȥ
Ƥûģ񶼱ϲαϫԲĻᱻЩֻж΢񾳵ڤڵϳˡ
Ψһϫе۵ǣƤֻʹΣΪ˽Ǿ˷һλᣬԸоЩСˡ
Ψһĺôڣϫ˳ؽ뵽˸С
⣬ҲڵִϹ֮󣬵һ̤һǣ

ͳɱȣַǷ
еĽ桢ڿ޲һɹϡ㡢ɣϢڴ£һֳʷظС
һ·ؽȥϫ˫ָ̬ƽȻһۻĹͣȤһС
еĳˮȺУűǵİŮĻͷ壬ҡҷ˵ı軨塭һͷͷԭʼ̬̫崩ڴСϡ
ЩȺ඼о⸡֮ȴżʣϫҲ̾Ϊֹÿһص飬Ժбһһι϶ƾõĴ˵
ͻʥŮһĴ˵ľâĴ˵֧Ĵ˵蹷𭡢丸աȵȡ
Щ飬ȻȻǵ棬һζη֮ǰ񻰴˵ɸԻͱ񹲷ߣѪȡ
ϫŷ֣ԭЩ˵Ƕ鹹Щ˵еҲ
ֻΪԼһֱ֮УǣϹ
Ϲһʷ֮еţһй϶ƾõĴ˵֤

ڳãճϫһǰ
ѿҪ죿һʩʩȻӭ
Ҫϫ˵ͷν죬ҲǶ츣أרΪ޵׼г
۾һЦ㣺ǵҪεȶ죿Ǳ乬ӵһȶʮһֻ˰񾧣ȶʮֻ񾧣ȶһٵ˴񾧡
һȶɡϫֽ̧һߣװŰ˰ٿ񾧡
ѺһͷѰɱȡ
۾ȳؽϫ֮Уѷģȫޱȣ˸Ҵŵޡ
ϫһܣһڵû˸Ҵţ
߰ȻһЦѿ֪Ǳ乬ɲֲֻڱѩīǧҲ洦ɼ
˵⣬һЦѹѣû˵乬˵佣ڰɣ
ϫ۾һУʱԼĽ֮Уѩīǧ֮УƵ϶£Ҳָ֮佣ڱ֮һ
ֵһǣǴͬҲⶥ֮С
һϫı飬߱ȻЦµӦ÷˰ɣһرڣ˭ұ乬£
ϫ˵ͷȻ乬Ǳ佣㣬УųƵһڵڤֻҲڴˡ
ʶһ㣬ϫҲǰĲ١
ܿ죬߱ųϫһڡ
ɽˮ续ڡ뵣ŨŨϢŨʵһ㡣
ѣǼʮŶƣӽˣʲô󣬾ǰҡ
߽һɫƵݸϫԱţ
¡
رգϫʱһպã㿪ʼܡ
˵һĸأ˵һСĿռ䣬ɽˮƣ续ΪĿ
вֹõĵɹֲҩȵȣ޲ֳϢ
ϫһϥڵ֮У֪һ°״̬ԷɻԲѣвһ̾СѾͷԼһΣʲô⣬ϫ޷ԭԼˡ
ѰԴ⣬Լʵָ֮󣬰ɲתƴһֶΪҽΡ

ϫٶ룬öʼת˷֮ܵǣƳˮӿϲųϫơ

ڳϫڱ乬ʮſʼչʱڸ⣬һһӣͨͨһһСڵϡ
ǺȻľͷӡ
ʦܣô£һڤڵΧΪһü
ǱʦܵĻϲɫ֮ǰҽӵϢСһڳһ֧ͫţĶǣ޵СĿɱһͷͫţټѰĿǰЩֵĺͬһͷͫţһ̽ȻʹǼش֣
˵ţ˵һ춯תڿлûһĻĻĻ档
ǺȻľͷӵһμϫԼһ·ǰǵĳ
Ȼ
ԭѾ˸ǡ
˿ĻеĳϫӰʱԶ۾һ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
ֻǿϧû취жػƿ˸ǣѾˡʦԴź
˱㹻ˣǵʱѰĿټɱĿꡣΪ׵İӻ̷ֵϢ֪ͨţ˵Ŀ˸ǸһлŴǶᡣ
һӹȥ
ʦ֣ǽжʦʵ
ԭذǣǰҪ¶κ⾪Ŀ꣬衣ӳ
أ
ǱץļĨͻسУǺǵĿ֮ϵ˵ϴô
˼

緢һУϫȻ֪֪һУҲѡ뿪乬ˡ
ʱۣ䣬ҴǴȥֻ£ϫչһˡ
һ죬еĳϫȻһ󲨶ѣ͵۾ӿֳһĨԡ
˭ϫóƣһƣԼ˳ȥ
Ѱѣ߶ˣϷ޴޵ͷΪȷһ¡⣬
ѰǳϫԼûϾģ䣬Ҫһȫ˶Ŀ
ŶԭѣΪȷϺ£ϫƽ
ʱ򣬺ȻһϻҼҹҪһޣһﻹǿóʧʮˡ͸һɸ߸ϣָʹζ
ϫüëüһĨ⣬˺£޷Լռö޼Ҳ⴦߼ԼŲһŲط
˵Է⻹ϫŭõǣ乬һȶܹʮǼһﲻѡĶƫƫѡԼĶѵΪԼӣ
ǸⶴҲáϫһǲͶԷִˣĴֻʱȫǳʲôǷǡ
ˣҼҹѾʾ㹻⣬ȴ֪ôĪǻԼһˣһƲȻŭ


1584 ô
Էĺϫɫһӱ䡣
ѣ㲻ұ֤ʱܵôһ˶ҶҷͣǺιʣ
ϢŭҴ칫ǰҲֻһϾ趴ʱѽʣ²ˡ
˵꣬ϫϵô˵ʱ䲻ǻû𣿸ο˵һҪһʱ䡣
Сӣ㡭һٴ
ϫԷֱӾ͹ر˶ֵĽơ
һʱ䣬޸˽ɵΪ̶µʱ²ҳ׻ָ۷״̬ˡ
ϫһ֪üˣ治еĻڴ˶යһЩʱ䡣

⡣
ϵЦ䵭칫ӣλūЩˣұ乬Ĺؿɲ˭ƻƻģ
棬һ۵꣬Լһ˫泤ݹ壬ͷһëߡ
ԣһ˿䣬ܿͻָƽЦףһЩ
ݹƳһ𣬱ͷǣү
ˣȴ¶һ˿Цݣ칫ӣٰһ죿
칫춬ֻͤж΢ΪͷȴĴڤڴɽֱϵ󱲣ڤںպһλ棬°衣
춬ͤߵҲѰԡħաһ壬Ϊħɱ׺ƥӵŶεʵڤڴɽߵʹӡ
ˣʱ𣬱ӵȵ𣬵ʱҵҪѰǺηʥˡ
춬ͤ仰ħתȥ
üͷһ壬ԭòԣó춬ͤһҪȳѰ뿪ʱԸԷ
Щұ乬޷֡κҡҡͷ̾ѡ
ʱڤڵӣƲδʲô쳣ȴᵽһ˿ζ
ѵһжǸϫйôҲ֪Ǽһ﾿Ǻηʥˣڤʦڡ
˼űҪ뿪ʱ򣬳ϫڵĶŻȻ򿪣һҲǴдѣܷһ𣿡
ԥƬ̱Ц޲ɡ˵ţ̧˽ȥ

乬ռؼ㣬һֿռ䱻ٳһضؾ죬ಿΪ˲ͬ
Щ֮Уж䱦ģҲзҩģж޳Ƕĳȵȹֵĵطν
˿̣춬ͤһУƷԱλźš
ӣڴ˺СӺȥ𣿡ħԱߵʵ
ǵȻ
춬ͤһоƣҧԭ㶩һ죬ҶϢã˭СӾ֪ôǿɾͱҲˣ
Ҷ֣ħײһѹӣҶ̫Ͻ̣һλƽκεҿĪҪ˼ˣŮӣȴ̫Σա
˭룬춬ͤȴǹЦŮӺϣûҶСҵ̬ȺͶԴʱܲһô
˵ԺвֳһĺŮӣвһȣҲǲ¶һĨҵ
ħˣԥãջûٶȰҶ춬ͤȻɫܹġ
ˣԼֻǸūֻͣλСүľͺˡ

ʮŶŻٴο
͡Цֱ߳ŻٴιرգϵЦݶʱһĨȡЩʧǡ
һóô񱦺ġСӾʲôŬԼƽ
ڸղţ߽ϫڵĶ֮󣬱㱻֪ԷҪһЩģǱ乬ǷȡҪȻǺԥӦˣɣٲˡ
û뵽ǣԷһóһĿĸɫ񱦣ԼһƬѻɽģһĻһɲǣһӲ㾪°͡
һбļֵʱ𣬲ѿزס
һǧ񾧣
һĿڱ乬ʮ꣬׬Ӵһˣ
Ȼ˲¶డ˭뵽һģƽӹƽӹˣȻӵ˷ļҵףɣܻǧ񾧵Ľ
һ뵽⣬ͷһƬȣ˶ӯƮƮȻȥ

ڶ졣
ϫյһǧ񾧣һԼɱޱȵұ
Щûõ񱦡۸ҲˡϫǷһĨ֮ɫ
죬ĩ֮лȡĸ񱦡䡢ģֻҪԼòϵĶͳͳ˱乬
˵ǻңԼȻƾЩø񾧣乬ĶԲˡ
ҳϫôҲջ˳ؾʹ˽⵽˽ʱ䷢ڸеһϢ
춬ͤħڤڵҲϫһ
ֻóϫû뵽ǣԼԭҪǰڤһˣȥѰŮ泣ȴû룬˻ûҵأڤڵĵȴʼչж׷ɱԼˡ
֮ʱȷЩ˼
ȻϫҲڤ֮ԴĵѲԼһжλ̫Ͻ̵ĺŮҶͣ
ҶȻܹڤڵԸԼҲóϫʶ̫ϽѩīеӰкε֮ɲ
ϴǼٰգǴŮʶݣһҼٰһȫİݣҪǷʶˣ
ϫ֪ϴ֮ԱʶƣȫΪҶ̫˽ˣǶԷӱʶαװ
ϾõԻƤľ߲ӵеƤû취ֱαŲҶܹ쵽һˡ
Ȼָ۷״̬뿪ǰڤڣҵȴһ׮Ȼ뿪ǽ񾳣һҶעˡ
ϫһ˫ۣ֮С
º
ŻȻһ󲨶ʱеĳϫȻо費ѡ
ѣ趴Ѿˣ뿪һİޱ˽
أѾҪȥѵûк˵𣿡ϫü䵭ڡ
ǸѲٸ˵أʱ뿪ѱԤˡޱ
ϫĿһƳȻͿڶ⣬춬ͤħҲЦſԼ
һӣϫô£Ǽޱȵĵڴ˿Ҳסðһ˿


1585 
𲻼ˣȴðһİ꣬춬ͤħһǰٲȻһԶԼģ
һУϫȻʧֻº춬ͤйˡ
һ뵽Ϊһ죬ڤڵĶҧԼţϫĺƢ˿Ҳһ
˵ʲôҲ޷⴦ˣϫĿİꡣ
ǹأֻڰذ£ɲҪ̫ˡޱ顣
˶ôϻϽϷħǳ⣬һı塣
Դ춬ͤʱ棬ɶһ΢СһʱԼƢ
УڤڿǵһΪڤڴɽߵʹӣܹħɵ˼٣ǰˡ
ϫĿɨȥħһۣλѣôȥһµġ
˵ţ˫ָƮȻȥ
ȻԲִȥ˺ͱ乬𣬳ϫ䲻η壬վ̫鷳
ϫһܲ鷳ʱ;ǵ硣
Ȼһлڴ⣬εӰֻէ̫ϽҶ׷ɱʵҲٺ˽Թˡ
һ֪ôСϷǸͱ뿪ˣħȻŭһ΢СһȻҵԲѷֱ
˵ʱ͵̤ǰ˳ϫǰٲȻһһԲϱֵļơ
ĲСʵ̫ɶ񣬱úúóһѣ춬ͤһԸƴЦ
ϫһĺ΢΢УȻЦİǱ乬ʣﻹûйˣûУǾһһС쵰֣޻˵йأͿŰɣ
ɫƽƵᣬƻȻκвˣʵѿ乬ڣ춬ͤһȻҶˣٴ󣬿ɱ乬ıҲǴġ
´˿̱乬˳棬ҪԼ񡭡Լǻû뿪乬
ȻϫԸͱ乬ԹܹĶԷһѣԲʹˡ
һһС쵰
ԣ춬ͤħɫԶһŭɫѶɱ
λһӣ乬ĹزƻɫҲһɨһ۳ϫ㳯춬ͤ˿ڵ뿪֮ǿһдһ
ãǱӾʱһ̡춬ͤмһ
ħ˳ϫһۣǷһĨεζȣٿһ֮ˡ
ڴˣϫЦЦ˵˵乬ṩ֮⣬вɹǲ£һ䣿ģٲĺô
˵ţָһһ񾧾Ͷ˹ȥ򷢽лƵġ
ɫһͣǶס鴤ģСǹ˰
գǶӲؽסǿ񾧣ǳһ˿ӲЦݣл̧
ףվֻǸ߶ѣ˾ʹˡ
һԵ춬ͤħǿĿɿڴ޳ܵģȴû޳ܵģСѵѾҪ
һޱȵŭʲôʱ
Ҫ֪ǿѾڴ˿ȴʱ䣬Ϊ˵ȳϫݺԷйͷ֮ŭ
ôһ񾧵Ѳϫİˣü
ңֻǱֻṩ죬֮ǲĵطר˸𡣡÷ζըȴòĽ͡
ŶˣΪܰʲôæأԭһôûУǾͰСѻҰɡϫЦ
㡭˳װ಻סŭ⣬ڣÿը
춬ͤħô˴һ񾧵СѣȻҪ찡޳ܵ⾿Ǵðģ
ôѿǶʲôϫһƽȻģȴЦҾϲ㿴ֲҶֵıģ˵¶˭ᰡ
գҧҧȻóʮ񾧣һݸ˳ϫúãͷԲڣ¿񾧾͵ҸİѰɡ
ϫЦãһѾͽ񾧽УѹȻŵȳлллᣬһپƣ˵Ҹİѣ˭ǿɾֵȶˡ
˵ţ˫ָʩʩȻȥȻģ
󣬸ˣ춬ͤɭȻ
ӷģ˭ˣҲȲˣħ˵һ䣬뿪

ӣұ乬ϳ˵ĵҩ׹ǣǡӯԪۼһš
ʮš
ӣ̹˲ɻ̹˿ɳȵʮƶɣϱ佣ڵһλʦһ֮ǿԿΪİȫһβɴݵıϣۼǧŰٿ񾧣ӹ󡭡
ϻˣ
ӣҪľʮǱ乬Զгֵۣ£ǧ˰ٿ񾧡
ӡ
򡣡
򡣡
򡣡
乬ĵҩʱϫʹ̸߽յ蹦ѻȥһǧ񾧡
ǻǮˮͷøٿ˶۲ѣһЩŮ˶ð⣬˶ˡ
УϫٲȻΪּҵ׷񣬻ĹӸ磬ֱ޲ñЯˡ
֮Уɫ壬ͺͷһ෢ħһֱڸ棬һжһ˿ؿС
һ񶼽סЩۺ죬һ񾧰ȴڣ˻ӻˣ
û뵽СӻǮϧٶҩҲһ
ħҧɱڣһǳԳޣһǵϳϫϵĲƸˡ
ϫ˿һУԶΪ˱ãôΪҪȻҲǵСԼɱˣ
ߣЦǿЦѵΪϵĲܹ࣬ͨЩֲǸ׳һĶ
ħЦڰŵɱϫ֮󣬸ιϷϵĲƱˡ
ţ
ڴʱȻע⵽ϫĿ⿴ԼǻһĨЦЦĳŪ֮ɫ
ħɫʱһһǰ׳յļһЦζɱˡ
Һãܲûгã;һΪҰ֮кȻϫת乬ȥ
ᣬ˰ħѪûһ̻ɱһˡ
ʼ춬ͤ
ͬʱϫҲૣչһ꣬ҵΪѽָ۷ʱڣ׼ôֶΣٶҶӵ֮ˡ
Ǳħ֪ϫڱ乬ڹһбΪ˶Ըһ񾳵вΪ˶Ը׼Ҳ֪лθˡ


1586 Եɺ
չһ꣬óϫڵõ޸ֻһ˿ָܹ۷״̬
ֹˣָоһĥ֮󣬵Լ׻ָʱʵȻٴεõ
ͽвƲ֮ĥ³ĸԶҪȱ쳵ܴٽʵɱ䡣
ֱΨһϫеźıǣСδܴӻѹ
Ϊرһţһƴ̵⣬类ӼĺƵģʧȥ˶һи֪
ҵǣϫܹʱƣҲǽ˥ȶ
Ҳʱ뿪ˡ
ϫһŴӺԶԶ׺춬ͤħ󣬴ǲһĨͻȣʩʩȻ߳˱乬š
ǵĽֵɷˮϫŽֵĿƵĴС
һ·ϣʱ㣬ʱһֵ̯̣ʱӿŲʱһЩ̯һµСһοƵģƻȻûһ˿׷ɱľ
СӣѵڳжȦ𣿡󷽣춬ͤҧгݣоԼһֻϫǣסӵţƵģԷԽɣоͷŭ
԰꣬˶ӣ̶֣Сӳ䵥ʱһ̡ħȴԵüΪģˣ졣
ҵĴ㣬ֱӶˣαô鷳춬ͤüĲٺȥˡ
Ļֻ»𼫴ĻңױСӻˮ㣬ûǵħ˵ţȻ۾һ㿴Сӳȥˣ
Ŷ춬ͤʱһ񣬡СҲ֪޷ǵ׷٣һˣٺòǿ׷ȥ

ھа֮ʱϫ͵΢΢У㲻źۼתһֵȥ
ţ
ӰʧԶ֮ϣһĨӰƲʲôȻŤͷһˮƵӿһƿɲԣɨӾʮء
һɲǼ䣬ǵľ˺ֵӳԺ֮УֵˡϢһеһУӲĸ֪
գȴһ
ѵСһﲢڸ޳У˵һ֮бϢˣ
ŮȻ̫Ͻ̵Ҷһλޣʵʵ񾳵ǿڡ
˿̣üҧӨĺ촽ڳ˼ʲôǲ¶ַ飬øһڤڵнԶֱһڸ
ףǲʦ𣿡ȻһӿڣԶֵϵ춬ͤħ
ģʦƺ׷ʲôˡҲ׷׿ڡ
Ҷȴüͷһ壬̧ȥԴʼڤڵѰϫһ춬ͤһֱǿڶԷվһڤڵĴͽԼĶĨɱˡ
ǻһۣ˵ͻ춬ͤ׷ٵĿϷЩʲôϧһȴδҲʹһ˿ᡣ

Ů˿湻ѲģϫɫЩΪʹƤĸϵıԷʶˡ
ɳϫȴҿ϶ԼڶԷҰʱǷᱻϳȻŤͷѡһ
ţ
Ȼϫٴ㣬ȻǽֽǲԶڵפ㣬ãȻ޴롣
ǺȻľͷӣֻһ겻һδɽҰ߳꣬ûյ緢ǵտ£Ȼû˶δ㽺ûǼᶨ׿־򣬷ڽͷ
ǡôˣ
ϫȻǵãԼһǰǸǰڴжһЩ񾧣ټһ֧޶ǵı꣬Ӧ㹻ڸдˡ
ɺȻһʱУĳ⡣
ʲô⣬Զóϫнסһ˿ΪԼֻ»ǴӶԭʼɽ֮УɻӦе־Ѫδ
ľͷӣҪŽֵǰߣ߳ţұһ뿪նıһݰʦѧգĻᣡ
һƽ̺ŸοºٿȻľͷӶһ
еȻ֮ɫһʧԭİһ
λǰ
˴˻һۣղûпһ࣬ĥüɬۣǿʼնϲ⡣
ɼᶨγϫΪǳϫ˵һ߳ɽһ˹϶ǣһμʶеĹ½롣
ųϫѾһʱûԷ
ˣĥ֮أԼļغ
ûгɣȼҴҳȥ
ǳһͬĵţֱλӶĸ
Ҷڶţ춬ͤħ׺ţԳϫֻѡϱеһ
ڣڿţһ·򱱣顣
ֻΪϫжһ˿ǣңǾľͷӣһ˿Σ㻹Էһ;µ׼򣬴δı

Сٸı䷽ػزҿɾͲȥˣ춬ͤɫˮظһȼյŭ
֮ǰϫȻı䷽ԭܼһ񱻽ˮǷŭǱ
ڤڴɽĵϵᣬݺ磬ȴˣתֻС͵ƵԹƵţ֪Ǻεȷˡ
ӷξڣҲɱħҲҧѣСӼֱ̫ˣƣֱ޳ֻ쵰
˵ţ˾ͿϫӰ˴βδػأֱӳȥ
Ƕʱ۾һмѹõɱ緢ĻɽƵģӿȫ
ߣ
һαһҪúһ£ʲô磡

ţֻСϽôˣЩҵȥʦ֣
ͬһʱ̣һڤڵӺȻӽվĿңңǸʧڳľͷϡ
ӣǵץסӺľͷǼѰϫټλʦܡ
ʦɵİ£ӺľͷеһĨȥ·Ż˳УͬʱڰϼӼأΪľϣϻõйسϫ
ľͷӵ쳣֣ʱʦܾһһʱȫδɵϣҲͦεģҺãһƺѾջʱˣ
ৣৣ
ʦܲȡжӰǰٿȻӹɲǾʧ˳⡣
һ䷢죬ɻλʦϳ˶ԷݣסһĿɿڴʦֺħǰѵҲѾ˲ԼҪҪȥʦ֣
춬ͤôϲú֪֪ͨɣǾûкùӳˡ
ô죿
ʦ뵽ԥУ̾ϢˣҾٵƬ̣Ƭ֮ȥʦ֣ʱѾ㹻ʦеĹˣһԲٹˡ
ϧʦܲһʱУȴǷ̫飬ЩԭʵǿԸıģնΪʱ䣬һжˡ


1587 ɱ¾է
⣬һƬɽ֡
Ĳͬټ֮ϹеɽľԶޱȣ֮УЩѰɼĲľܳƵǺˡ
Ϲ֮Уȴ˾ռߣ˵޵ߣδ֮˶࿴һۡ

߳ź󣬳ϫɣһӣͽľͷ𣬲Я֮С
ȻĿһԶɽ֣ӰһٿȻʧԭء

С̥δѵꣿƬ̺춬ͤħڳϫԭĵط
ʱĻôࣿ춬ͤоǿɱСӾȻ뵽ɽ֮УѵõĻᣬߣѾһҲ޷ˣ
˵ţӰһͳԶɽֳȥиǵֳ︡һʢ񽣣ŴĿԣǲ
СģԷթħˣæ׷ȥ
ΪһѪȵĶħаѳϫм˼£һҪʱȴκС
һĥ³ıܣսӵˣսӵˣˣڲթѪȷ·ϻøá
񣬳ϫһɽ֮УΪŲ·ħɲΪˡ
ҺãѱϳϫֻǸ΢¶ٶıҲħηηˡ
ΨһĲµľ춬ͤ裬縡䣬׾ͱ˳ûʰˡ
Ըһжħ⣬Ҫʱʱ̰̿춬ͤңɱҪɱ춬ͤЩҪ
һʲô⣬û취ڤڴɽˡ

̬ķǳħϡ
յ蹦
һƬҴȪĹɽǰϫȻһˣ֮࣬ԣ衣
ʹƤ֮ԵЩͨɴ˿ӿ䣬ӳĵһ׿Ⱥʡ
¡¡
ɽ·һӿȵĴӣζѩǧˣ羪ڹ
ħľǣһ·׷֮󣬳ϫٶܣڵȺһ
ͻأı֣ħסüͷһ壬оСƺҪˣʲôˡ
춬ͤɲΪϫӴܣסЦ˶㵹ǻӰôˣòҪѡԾɣ
һ̵־緢лܵŭҵйڣ˵ĵ⡣
ϫҲЦˣ칫Ӳ졣仰ֱֱԷûʲôˡ
춬ͤʱɫһû뵽ʱ̣Ļ˾ȻԼǲ֪
ܺãͳ仰ӱ֪ʲôãܣ
䣡
˵ʱӰһչ͵һɿֲƴ䣬񱩶衣
ȷŭˣ޲ýϫ̹裬ó
ħѾԸһֻС϶ѣõϹӳ֣ūɡ
Уħһֻ͵ײʱգָһȦȦػɬĳɫâϫɱȥ
ѻħצ
ǡħաһ츳񷨣һ˫˺ѵأ꣬ħ飬ӵ֮
ʱֽץ飬ѿһɲʱѷ죬Զɲ֮䣬һɭȻɲұķΧ
Ƕƣһ֮£Ǭ׸ģγ䣬

ϣ
ͬʱϫҲˣһ֣һԵĿֲŰ˷ơ
ɲǼ䣬һ³е񽣳ʣ쳹ʮء
ϫһˣü巢ϣԶһɱĽ⣬罣еۻʣ£Ԧ򽣵Ĵǡ
̫ɲһ֣ͽħ֮ǰɭȻֲΧһɢݿ࣬ƲɵС
ϡɽҡɳﶼһ˵Ľɱ
֮
ħɫ͵䣬޷򶨣кȻû뵽һͨͨĶ΢ˣһ˲仯Ϊһʡ
ʣ
ǽ֮ϵϵز˵ڤڣѩīǧеĶ΢УҲ
ΪȾ磬ڶϣҾħ֪ѩīǧУӵнʾΪģԲʮָ֮иûһǶ΢Ϊģ
СӾǴðģѵѩī޵ߣ
ৣ
ħ˼һĨʢĵĽ׺գɱ
ħһȻǽ֮ͣҳɣʶıҪݱܷâ
һ֣δ棬ܰһ𶴹ƵܣһĻԭŵ춬ͤ鶼š
˵ʱʱ죬ϫһնħʶݱܷâһжɲǼɡ
ˡ
ɻħɹܣӲӵͭǮƿնƷΣ족ءˡ֮λ׽
䱦ͭǮǡħɫһ䣬÷ңʱѲȥӦֻȥӲ
˫һץһӯѪɫͭƿգݺݺɨ
䣡
ͭﵽ棬һ춯صľ죬ɲĲԲɽľݿ촷ۡ
ۡħѪӰĵˡ
ˣ
һ֮УȻһ΢СһУ
һУħıԽܡ
Զ춬ͤǱûһ£͹ͬ޷žᷢһĻ
ôܣôܣ΢ʲôʱܿ羳Ӳˣŭ𣬸оԼ۶㱻߸ˡ
ˡ
ħվȽŲöӲӵ䱦ͭǮ﷢һٴɱ
ʼգûеһ˿ʱ䡣
ˣħŭ𣬲ܣҪͳϫӲͬҲţһ΢ƾһ鱦ܻԼ
Ҫǣ֪֮УϫһֱˣЩµ׿Խӣ޷ܱԷܵĿܡ
ৣ
ڶν棬ϫδӲʩչһСȥ⡱һĨͻأĳħһգж¡
Ȼ۵һһұ۱׾ն䣡
ħ۵˻ѣиӿһĨ޷ƵĿ־壬ˣȻһѰ
ӵн֮ĽΪӵսӵ̫Ͻ̵Ĵ֮䱦ͭǮĽɫѰˣ
ӿӣ˴ӵĵħɫŤ״ħ
ৣ
ɻ£һĨٴնɱͬʱö䱦ͭǮҲƿնʱȫ
Ϸƴˣħ󱩺һȼգͷϸֳһ̨⡣
󡪡
Զ춬ͤУѱԴ˵ģɵһĻʱǶʱ׹ҪƴΪԼȡһ


1588 ǹ챦
춬ͤĿѣ
Ÿտս
Էֻһ΢ѡ
˭뵽ᷢľת
˭뵽һԭͨͨĶ΢񣬾Ȼ֮չֳ֮ĽΪԿ羳ͶӲսԼһ鱦䱦ͭǮ
û뵽Եһзʱ춬ͤŻֵô޴룬š
Լγߵˣ
ųıӻ³磬Ҳ˳˳ˮܹȴܣ
ģĵĿ־ȴڣ˵־һ˿ֵûС
ָое߷ߣеŵһʶԭʧȥһбӻĿֲʱԼ˲
䡭
Ȼ˼аγһֲĲɢ񷶼飬촷ۡ
ֲܵĳ춬ͤ类һ޴У˲ܿƵصɳȥǱصǧ֮⣬ɫ԰ףڱ֮ѪĿԵ쳣ɲ
Ҫôôһû춬ͤź׿־ˣˡ
ڤڶ棬Ҫſޣ
ӣӰ̳֮Уħޱȵļ
ԣôӣҪӣҪڤڣұҪСǧУңһ̣춬ͤҵĹǣ͵һ飬Ժ͵ӣŤͷӡ
ۣ
͵شһ죬ħļȻֹ
ڴˣ춬ͤûں˿ֻһͷӣֻҪӽǣͰȫˡ
Ϊﻹפһڤڵӣһλ̫Ͻ̵Ķ񾳸֣
춬ͤ͵ֹɫȻطһһ̱ڵء
ΪǰһӰһӰֳֽһѪܵͷ
ͷħģ
һӰȻǳϫ
һĻ춬ͤǶңŵɫŤ
񾳵ħ󣬾Ȼɱˣ֮˲Žֻж΢Ϊ
ܽܵˣ
ʵ춬֪ͤĩ֮ʱϫӵɱϾŲܣǿһ𶴹еһڣħǿ˲֪١
£ϫκβħǲŽй¡
󡭡ɱҡֻҪ㲻ɱңҿԸҪһУ游ڤڴɽɱҲ鷳ģˡͨһ춬ͤڵأ˻
ЩУϫҲûģܹ춬ͤôģǵһ
Ⲣܸĳϫ־ûаϻ

䡣
һͷ׿նѪˮ
Ȼ󣬳ϫɫƽؿʼսʼգû¶һ˿ûκβ
׷ɱԼһ𣬳ϫ˱ɱ֮ġ
Ǳ˴֮䲢ޣƫƫضԷһٶҪأѴ˳ϫĵߡ
һɱ֮۸ţԲͶԷ·

һЯĲƸǲƣһǧ񾧣鱦
սϫ߲һ˿⣬ͰĿеһϡ
ԼĪƴС͸ӡż临ӵĿռͼǹ챦һִǼʴı
ѩīУ£ǧ֮Уܲʮϵûй̶ǼʴŲƣпܾʹʧ˷
ֳǹ챦ͬˣֻҪӵǼʴ󣬱⴩С
ûǹ챦ߣȻҲԳ󣬲ȴҪÿһŲʱһʲƵķãܲ㡣
ֵһǣǹ챦ƣԶѿÿһĵһУƵǹ챦ҲֻԼڵнǼŲơ
Ϲлһܹ֮䴩ıΪƱȴ٣Ѱڸܼ
ǹ챦ǰڤʱͲٴˡϫСĽǹ챦ǸöУƾ⴩ϵĴ
ȻڴʱϫȻ裬һĿ㣬ٿȻԶ
Ȼˣ
ĮƽУϫȻսнùһ
û뵽㾹ֻһƤңһѱαжȻһԻƤľƤˣ
һĨӰƮȻ֣֫һҡ֮У룬ʤѩݽ޲ɷһͷڷ裬ǰѩӯӯ׳޳ɢһ޿ƥеȻ󣬷ƻգ
̫Ͻ̵Ҷ
Ȼ㡣
ϫԵúƽĶȴһĨɱڣ޲ȥɱ˶Է
ȻңңֻҪˡҶЦԸк촽Ŵö
ô϶ңϫЦ
£ɱԺ˯ֻ¶˯ءҶգգ۾ڸɻȴ˲
䣡
ȻһɿֲĲ˷ڶܻģһɲǼͻһɭȻƥҶС
һз̫죬ʼճϫûж֣ȻˣҶӦʱ䶼ûС
뿪һ̣㵽﷢ĲȻ̫ĶĿǱ粼˴󣬻Цɡ
ȻݵУϫӰһ뿪ԭأ˺ʱȫٶȥ
Ϊ׵̥԰׵۽񹂣ǳϫӱ乬йĲöɱһж΢񾳣Ҳ񣬵ȴ
ȴԸǶ񾳵ҶԲԸʱˡ
Ҳû취飬ϫϵĲ㹻ģȥóһܸǿ
Ҫǣ㹻Ǳ乬ȴûЩģϾԽǿҪľԽϡ
ǳԭ򣬳ϫҲ룬תˡ
ΪƾԼͣ϶񾳵ҶԾɲֱ˴ѹĸоˡ
䣡
Ȼڳϫ뿪Ƭʱ䣬ǡ׵󡱱һķѣ̳ɢ¶ҶһĨ޳ĺӰ
Сթĺܣһ־ϣҪӳҵĲܣ
ҶЦЦüˮ̬ݣ޳˫£˿Ժһβɾжһ˿ǿ˵ζ
ȻһڣٿȻʧʱС
ӣħǰ
ˣǾȻˡ
˭ģ
Ҷ뿪ãڤڵһڵ橶һʱ֮䣬Ƭѻ֮صɽУһһŭ


1589 ʱ


ʱռǰŤ쵵Ĺһֹ½С
ϫȴϾʱŤ֮ȫӣĬĬԼ߱ӦֶΡ
񾿾ж£
һ΢ǿ죬һͶԷӲȻ޹顣
Ⱦ磬ΪѴﵽزԪһһǬһŭϾγֹǿɲܹݵġ
ԣϫֻӣк޲ɱԷȴòʵϵĲࡣ
ʵ
Կ羳սɱڣɱϾͶ󾳽磬ֲ࣬Ǹ޷κֲġ
°һ̹ŸϫҲ졣
ԭǼ򵥣Ϊ磬ҲԷӳ̹Ÿˣָоͺһͯһһٷ˫վޣҲһǿ׳󺺵Ĵˡ

ǿҵʱ֮ںХϫҡϣӳããǿڡ
һ̵һĨǿе⣬շתŲһſǳһǺӣĿꡣ
һ֮УǼΣյ飬̫Сױ֮ͬܲǳơǺӡϵиʱնѴХʱպڶɲԶĸɷ⣬ն󣬸ޱȡ
κ޵߶ԣ֮ҪĪģΪȥЩյȻ̸׻ʧУҲع֮·
Դ˿̵ĳϫԣΪ˾ѵһӶյԹڸԼΣյͬʱҲζſԸԼṩĲ֮ء

ϫľǣǵ͹ҶĿɲ
սƬã͵زһɿֲɱӿ纮һȫ
ϫȥҶ㵽ףȫУûܵıҪô
ŴöϤٴڶ𣬰ģһƿնͭ
ͭ˺ʱգһ貵ǣĺڰȼԿֲԣɱ
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
Ҷδ£һöͭѳɱ
һɲǣϫͫ͵Ѿõ͵һȣ䱦ͭǮͶԷݺӲһ
䣡
ǿ쳹ײɲĲɢ˷ʮŻߵҡҡ׹Ҫըѣ
Ϲе֮£ÿһ򶼼ޱȣԶɱȣȴΪһǳҡҡѵ
ء
ϫһһȦɫĹΣȻ顣
ڱ乬йıףλԣԵֵסȫһȴһһ飬ֽΪ
Ҳһ󻯽˳ϫܵĳӰٴγԶгȥ
ţΪ˿ңһҲ׼˲ֶΰϧӵλġ¡øһЩǽƾЩıɸĴõκθơ
ԶҶһƵĽŴ׷ɱ
˵棬б±ɱңû¾ͱϹ£
¡
УϫӰһչٿȻһͷ޴ޱȵӰ¡һ񶯴ٶȾӲθһХȥ

̫ŵһƿصǹǶݷƵϵһһĿɲ
Ҫ֪ʦ棬Ǻųơ뺣Ϊ̰˻֮ˮһ֮䣬Ϊҡڤƽء
ʩչ˵ȴһ׶ˣǾ̫ˣǱƲѣϫҲǸʩչ
ߣʦƺɱһͷᣬʦ˳棬ʦΪ˸ۣȴô˵ҫѵļһҲ׷ɱһ
Ҷ޵شҪ֮ǰģȻΪϫʩչ޷ٶϵƣֻǿͳϫٶȳƽ

óϫȻĩ֮У̫ž壬Լλ׷ſ˽⵽й顣
ҶἰʦƺɱĺᣬʦҲò浣ϫҲһľоϹеĴ߹ȻһһֱֲǲԻ
ϫΪĩ䣬ĩ֮ԲԴ˸еʲôɵ
ĩ֮еġӡлȡһɱԴʵ˵Ҳһˡ
䣡
һɿֲĲӱ󴫴
Ҷ޷׷ϳϫȴһöͭɱⱦҲһ֮ɱˣѰ鱦ˡ
أ
֮£ϫٴ֮ӲӴӰ͵һͱҵñˡ
ͬʱϫȴ͵ؽϰٿ飬ȫڣǷ̫񱩣ת
˾ȣһЩ߻ħ˿̵ĳϫĹ˵Щ
õЩӰ裬ٴαǰɲǼ䣬ͽҶ˦
СȻ˹ƶˡ󷽣Ҷüһһ˿͡
ǶŭǸе鷳ѡ
΢΢һ֪֮о޷ϫ
ţҶɫ΢΢һ䣬͵ʩչһطɫӰȼհ㣬¡һֱȥ
κ
һƬʱܲǿ㣬üɨӰ˷ȴһ
Ź֣ȻȫʧˣѵѾʱˣҶĿʱ
һƬյشبԲѵʯűѺХʱղϷγһɲУޱȡ
ߣҾͲôˣ
Ҷ͵һĨɫ˫һöɫͭ˵һͷųһӰ³ɫ⣬һȫʱкɱȥ
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬Ǹǰʱ͵ؾұһػˮɢһɹɿֲʱ˳ϯ˷
еʯҪô촷һգҪôó˷ݺ׹ȥ
ָоͺǿʢһ˶ޱȵ̻׳ۣȴΣյ˼¡
գ̳ɢȴδҶֳϫϢ
ǽƥɫ϶ʱһһ־Ȼж˸ӦԷ޷ˣ
Ҷԭس˼ãպݺһţղѡ
Ȼûע⵽֮ǰںըʱ֮һŷɽȥʯϣһĨѲӰ
Сҿ޷ԭˣұһֱȥҶһɢʾйеŭ⡣
գȴûһ˿Ӧ


1590 һ
ʯХ׹䣬һĨ׹ڰǿա
ϫӰʯ棬ʢĹЮټԽȫ˸ԲĴڡ
ҲˣӹҶ̽
顭
ϫһ˿Ѫգɫ΢΢Щ԰ף֮ǰһƬʱУҶͭʱҲܲܵ˲С˺
ŮˣгһһҪ䳢ζɣϫҧͷһⱻ׷׷ɱͬڵ赸ʱ̶Σա
䣡
ûãʯݺһŻϣҳһʮﷶΧĴӡ
ֿµײŻ򶼾һԭת켣
ৣ
ϫӰһѳײ֮ǰԶԶܶȥ
Ҳ֪⾿ǱеһƬ򡭡
УĿɨӰ˷ȴ֣ǧϰٸϣһƬ䣬Ϣ֮ЩԶͬ߰ĴڣδܾС
ټвͼóϫжλˡ

ڴʱһɿֲǿɢ׽
Ҷ
ϫͫȻһӰһĨ޵ĹӰƵģϢһһ߿ϣ䶯˼£ʧ˵ز֮¡
ৣ
ڳϫոնܺãһĨӰǿƿշɳ۶δͣȻΪнƵİҲδֳܷϫϢ

ֱãڵزĳϫŰһɫȴЩ粻֮ǰҶµǾݻҲһڿԷǲĿģĲݵļƣףĳǴԼ׺ȥˡ
ǼҪ
˵ϫƾƣԲԷ֣ʱˣԷһ裬һſŻٵע޷ȥˡ
֮ץʱ޸ƣһԷ֣ƴһƴ
ƣϫֲһ̾ϢԴѩī֮˶ûùʱʱ̶̿һֱ׷ɱĴУоҲǱѻ֮
࡭
óһ񵤣ſ̷һ˲Ϣȫ޸ơ
˵Ϊ񵤡Ա乬Уܼʮţֵǧ񾧣ֵ߰˼ͨˡ
˵䰺󣬵ҩЧȴΪˣܹ׹ǣӯԪ޸ƸŲ˼á
ܿ죬ϫ͸ܵڿ޸ָоҲɲ٣ֻظٶȣò죬ԽƳ޸ˡ
УϫһֱԽڱȫϢΨй¶һ˿㱻Ҷˡ
ȴһ׶ˣǾ޷ȥΪȻתͨأһǿҲԽشϵնˡ
޷ϫɲԼ˷Ѱʱ䣬ϣЯȡɽеĵ伮ԶǸλʦʦּ޵ĵá
ԴӱҶ׷ɱһ𣬳ϫͳʶԼǵΪгưԣϹ֮УȴʱΪײһ
ڱѾ㣬Կ羳սɱŲħȶ񣬿ɳϫĿ⣬һֱڹɼС
ǱҶλ׷ɱľǿ

֮
ϫƳϡ
ûоʹ뿪ڳЯһϵ伮֮С
ǵ伮󣬽Զɽһʦʦµ޵ĵú;飬Զ󣬷ʡ
ǳϫ̤񾳣ĿȥЩ伮õøҲͬ
ΪдǶ֮ƿأսŵĶؼ⡣
һеĵ伮һеİǧ򻯣ͬȴ;ͬ飬ԶԴڷ֮ϣóϫҲǺƾԷ֮ҲԺаӡ֤꣬ӶԼļĵá
ʱϫǶ޷еİǾɽˮѰһ㡣
򵽺ϫʱ֮ţ绯һŻϵʯȴھϴ

֮ϿԶڤڤûܸһ;һĲͻ֡
֮ڴӹУʵǿҲ˸˵Լִﵽ֮ͷ
ƺһ·ȴȥ̽Ѱ
֮ռʲô
֮Ƿ񻹴ŸԶĵ;
еĿ
ĳϫ̤֮ϣ˸գԶĵ;ǿ
ͬҲĲ㡣
㣬ζнĿܣԣϫᣬңֹΪֻΪͷϵκ͵

ʱ󣬴Ҵһš
ԣԪ󣬽㲻һʱǶԣҲָһ˲κβ
һ죬ȻһСꡣ
ڽʱ䣬ߵĵϣһѿޱȣڷҡҷ׳һصĲѡ
ȻһƬɫεض𣬳ΪϵһĨɫ
Ҳڴʱڵر²ĳϫѹ۾䡣
Ȼüͷһϵһɫʱήɻң٣±û
й¶ɴҺûбҶˡϫһ
һĲУ֪Ҳõ˽һǰȻѪ׽һ˿ջǿûиʵ
ҲΪʱһ浮һ˿һƬɫ
δľõĪô
״ı仯ϫҲӿһ˿οֻҪԼһöã̤㶴֮ز
ҲøˣҶڵѹ£ϫǱھ޵ͬҲԵĽ
⻹ԶԶ
ϫԼĽ죬ɶԷǶֲ̫ʱ޷ֲͳƽˡ
ʵҲóϫͦģǵһԶԼĿֲڣұԷҧŲţò˵һ䲻ҵ顣
΢ֻѷֿˣϫܹǿػڣҲƵһ¡
ţ
ڴʱϫкȻһɼΣյϢëȻޱȡ
ã
͵৵һͳƵز㣬֮⡣
䡭
ոӿһɲǣԭڵĻ¡һ˷ĩڵƬʱնѿһ޴ѷ죬䶯
ϫһղԼӵһ˿Ҳһһ촷ˣ


1591 ս
ǳ飬촷һգϫ˲Ųǿ֮Уһ亹ɫһ
ΪĿУһĨһɫƥɲǶ
Ҷ
ͬ˿̵Ҷһͷ˿ٳβԺ¶һŽƥգüȻ󣬷һǿɱζ
ȻⷨŵǺĽϫһ겻
ӨױƮûŴȴһ˿⡣
ߣһһĨҰݣܻᷢңϫЦ
㵹ҲΣ²ԼôҶһһöڵͭĵתݣͷųֲ
ϫЦЦ³֣Ҳܡ
һԳضһѪɫĳߣѪнȾͷųֲĵϢ
ˡ
Ƭǿ֮Уֳһ֣֮ŤĽģչ׾ģɬħ֮ģĻġ
Щ϶֣ͬԶһֲͬġ֣ӡʷ̺֮֮һ֣ԶһѪܣӿݡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫ渡ֳһɫԣ𣬾˷ƣ
֮
ּ
ҶȻһǰרſ̫ϽֶͳɽУɱ˫
˿̣һһศʩչͷųѴﵽһַ˼ĵزҶλ񶼰ľѡ
ȻľֻǳϫԶ΢֮Ȼܹʩչǿȴܶй֮޲
ȥ⣡
ৣ
ѪƿգȴʣǦϢ֮ǰ׳嫵
Ҷ΢΢һ
һĨͻأʺɱȥ
һֺͳϫʩչͬںּ˵֮ɽ֮ĵСȥ⡱ʩչϫʩչǿһ
һǰǶ޷ʩչġ
䣡
󣬴ʱ֮һֲ˼ٶɱȥͻأ˹ء
ҶΪһɲǶеһ˿ļ£Ȼûһ΢ܹӳ˿ɲһ
ˣ
սֶΣԼ񾳵Ϊһʶ˷ͭƿգʺһĨӲһ𣬷һֲ
һɲǼ䣬䣬ͭ𶯣׷ɣɲŰʱ쫷磬ȻɢʮﷶΧڵ飬˷ϵȫ촷ۣ
ţţţ
ҶӰ⡢硢˺ǧɣͣ
Ҳڴʱ޽ǵһ˿䣬Ʈҷ䣬ѩ׵ʺǽһѪ飬ɲǼ
֮ϫǿһſնһ˿ժһѪ飡
ʱϫӰʧڳС
СҶ޵ݸ죬֮оڵɱ
ˣ
̤գѷһɲǼͻһĨ׷ȥ

໹̫ˡ
ϫа̾ǿ֮УӰƵƵ˸ȫŲƣͬʱһһѵ飬һԽ̺ȫڣȼתΪԴԴϲ
ղһǿĵҲǼΪˣһӾͺĵɵɽȴǲǿ⣬ûиԷһʵ˺
ϫǲ٣ڵһĩֻܱ֮ϴνʱߣһѾԺҶӲһǣǽ
ֽŽһʱѣ޵֪Щֻ»ᾪɣϾ޵ߣ˵һܱ֤Լɱǧѵġ
ϫͬ׷ɱ֮󣬷ǱܣΣԽԽɱԽ죬־˵Ľٶȣþˡ
ৣ
κ󣬳ϫʩչƣһŻϣȻȫ񾭣Դ
Ҷ׷ɱ
ϢֲˡһεҶԵüΪ侲û˼Өַɣžžžĳȥǧӡ
䡭
һſǳӡը飬ĩ
Ƿɳڵܾӵϣһƣ֪Ĩɱ˶ٸ飡
Ů˵ҲѧˡϫУֻӰһһδ֮ǰŲƵʱС
һֱ¶ټ
С㵹Ӱ
Ҷˣü䲻һĨ˵ʱӰڶ͵ؼһͭݺɱȥ
һΣϫûӣһųԣһɲȻһ䣬ͬȼգƽƻľһȫ
أ
ϫ䱦ͭǮͭӲӲһȴ׻һУ͵ٴõ֮һ
䡭
һɿֲޱȵĳѹóϫһű׷ɵʯݺݻʱգҽһ棬ѿһ׵Ĵ󶴡
䣡
һ죬һֱӱҶһ顣
ܹϫӰǱشдܳ෴ķȥ˿̵飬˺ۣڱѪΪҡ
ϢȴԽԽǿʢغ¯ڣҲڽڽ
ƺһ־ɱݡ
ţСӾȻսнˣ
ҶУһ¶һĨ֮ɫţͱһĨŨޱȵɱȡ
ϫʵ̫ˣһӵһ׷ɱһ̿ʼֱŲһһЩʱ䣬սȴ̫仯
ָоͺÿɹһΣʵͻһһԽսԽ£ԽԽǿΪ˼顣
Ҷûв´ϫĩ֮ʱŸո̤㶴΢񾳣ֱѩī񣬲ŲʱѣȴȻҪˣ
ǴȥѩīҪһĪ䶯ɣ
û˸ȥˣϾ̶ʱһԾһ󾳽£ʷ϶δ˭ģ
Ҫ֪磡
ÿһǼѻɬޱȣ֮УʱȻѲǺʵı׼ЩһȴҲ޷̤һ磬ϫȻòʱҪһ磬֪츳̡Ǻεȵ׿Խͳˡ
þݶΪ
Ҷһʱһֱ׷ɱϫǶԳϫһʱеʵ仯ޱȡ
ȴû뵽˿ҪˣһսнҶܲ𾪣
Ҳˣеɱһ̴ﵽһֿǰĸ߶ȣ޷̳ϫԼɽɱ䡣
ܣ
ৣ
ЩͷһɲǶҶĶʼոδͣٴγϫɱȥ
䡭
ͭ⣬֮кնһɫ磬֮ʱݣǳը飬һֲ˼ٶ׷ϳϫɱ¡
һһλֵ쾡£ͬҲǿɲ˵˼¡


1592 
ͭΪ̫ͭǵеһ鱦ʮλųɱ֮ܿǡ͡
˵˱ԶԶ䱦ͭǮһУȴԽȫӳ
ϫӵ䱦ͭǮȻΪȴֻܷӳ񱦵ȫܡ
֮һнԷ񱦵⣬ؼҪںεȾС
䣡
һ̫ͭ˺ʱն죬Ŀɲƣֱָϫȥ
ըѣǳڲ;޼᲻ݡ
ءϫӰһֵ֮䱦ͭǮ߾ȫٴ֮Ӳһǡ
ȻѪعǱһɿֲĳѣǲ㱻ñ
¡
һ̵ĳϫٴҵرʯƵĺݺݻգҴһһŵǳ
ǿվʱǻƣѣɼ׹ǣģ֮ң񾳴ڣֻ¸˴Ҳվ
ʹ
˺ѷεþʹ籬۽ȫ£ϳųϫĵ־һ˺ʵ̫
ɹǣϫɫȴɱһּµ侲޵ԨûκεĲ
ʶУͼƬ֪ʱת𵴣ͷųһɹɬĲͨƵģǵû˶жϣԽԽʢԽԽߡ
¡¡
Уǳλ޼ǣתͷųһɹˮƵųϫѭͣʱʱ̶̿ڷżٵɱ䡣
ԼԼܹȼյУһƵĹţƵķ˵𵴣ʲôҪƿǶ
һУ˵ʵ򶼷ڳϫڣ˸Բ
ôˣ
Ҷһ޳ӰƮȻڶ˵仰ȴ͸һƿش֣ĵĮζ
Ȼϫ
ৣ
شģһϳʢͨ콣
Գϫеĵ֮ǿơɱһֹصķʽն
ⲻҶüзһ˿⣬û뵽ǰѱ˵С䵽زˣǵ֮
أ
һУ̫ͭһתһٽһĨױ飬
ôҵ׷ɱмһʱ䣬޺ˣΪλҪ
ҶӨԸеĺ촽һĨȻȣоһɿĸоһèϷӵ̬
׳ա
ڴˣϫԵúƽֻ³֡
ģңѪգ׹֣˵ʱȴԵǿƣҶü
ԭģһһʱ䣬ڣֻ·ˡ
öŴУҶЦЦ̽һֻ֣ԡ
ɾڴʱƲʲôȻͫ㡭Ȼڽ
Уһɾŭš
ΪҰ֮УϫȻһɿֲڵƵģֱ
Ȼһɫӳϫһӯĵϣʮ㣬ƲȾһ˿ʡ
̨⣡
ҶǽĲɷϣһĨ˪ޱȣǽ񣬿̨ף
һгϣû뵽˴ĳϫַܻڵٶ񾳵һ
ϣֱǸСղܽձسɴ󻼣
ৣ
ת֮䣬ҶѺȻ˺ʱգɱȥ
һ̵ɱ䣬ʩչǿֶΣһ֮г׽ϫĨɱĨһк󻼡
䣡
ɾĹҪϫһɲǣһɫ͵شӳϫڳһ̫֮⣬ͻͶƴ󣬷ǵһ飬˶ĵ˲ѡ
ֻǵڶ̨⣬ͷų˿ֲҶ亳
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ƕ񣡶ԷڽĽҪͷ޻֮£ɱԷκ˶ԣ׵ɱţƫƫأ˴γȴˣ
ô£
ҶЩɲобȻʲôδֵġ
˿̣Ѿ˲Щ͵һҧ̫ͭٴκݺݱɱȥ
ʱ޵֮бᵮһ̨ǻԴĵڡ
һ̨۳ͣҲζųϫɹˣʱҪɱԷȻҪķѴ˵ֻᷢʲô⡣
£Ҷųϫɹ
ɱ
Ҷ
һΣٴαˣѪ΢΢Щס
ԭܼ򵥣ڳϫϣٴγһɫ⣬ӶغΡ롣
̨ˣ
ҶˣɫЩ粻ǾɲţΪʲôΪʲôЩⶼܱȵԼ˺
˵ûϹУֻҲûˡ
Ͼ֪޵ڳʱҲǴΣյʱʱ˵ֶԸǣз紵ݶ߻ħսʧܣصĻܾʹɵ
гʶƫƫڳϫȴƺ޷ˡ
˴ƫƫȴԽԽʢ֮·δжϡ
ζйһǶ񾳵ȫȴǵûȡóЧĵˣ
Ϊʲô
Ҷ²͸ȴᵽһΣյϢûгɣٴγ
ˣˣˣ
ɾڴʱڳϫϣٴη仯һһʢ⣬̡ࡢϡÿһⶼ˴˺ƴһֱ
һɲǼѣٴĵ֣֮ǰֵ⣬ߵ⣡

һĻҶҲǾѣɫ粻ǼΪһڽʱ̨ӿߵζʲô
ۣ
Ҷ͵ҧ⣬һھѪҲ֪ʩչ˺εطֲɫԣе̫ͭǷ˵ƾ֮ǰһء
ǲϧ˱Դ֮ҪֹһУ
䣡
һɿֲĲЮһö̫ͭ¡¡ʱգݺݳԶĳϫɱȥ
һɲǼ䣬Բڵ򣬾׷׾ҲĶѱܲסֿɲƣ촷ۡ
ˣ
̫ͭݺײߵڳϫܵϣһ𵴾ʮصĿֲ죬Ա׷ɣ޾Ȼϯ˷Ƭ˲仯һƬѵʱն֮
һεĹȡóЧߵóϫԭ鲻ϣѪⱬ飬׹Ƕѣ˶Ҫѹࡣ
ۿϫ˾Ҫʹ˱ĥ𡭡
ɻҶһؼޱȵʱ̣ڳϫϾӲٴӿֳһһ⣡


1593 
ڰ٣ߵѹƵȻŹʡ
һӣŵۣŹ֮λγһԲƱ֮ղźֹһ
֮Уһɲǣ쳹һڤĵ
ЩܾӵϣЩ޵֮̾УԶһһʱ֮нԶĪһɲڡ
ƺʲô˼ڷ
ڤǡ
ڤںɽشһžɫУѵҲҪһλӵǱʵľ
һ̣е޵ߣԶʧɫܵһĪ𺳡

Źۣ𣡡
ԶشҶһУкشһĨ֡
䣡
£ŵӲ̫ͭ͵طһݺɳȥ
۵һҶܷɣ۵һһѪһŽɷޱȣĽסڲ
һ֮Ȼһλܵ˲С˺Ǳ޵߿Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ҶȴϾ˼Щ࣬ͫԶĳϫҡҷڵľŵ⣬вƵڲ
Źۣ
һĻûֹˣ
ôܻһ½ǰСϣ
ҶĶסӿһĨ̿֡
̫Źζʲôˣ޵ڽʱܹ֮пٳһ̨
̨Ҳģ̨ʱϡ
Щ̨Ʒֻ⣬޵ֻͨϣµ⣬֤޵ߵʼΪ׿Խ㡣
ϵ⣬Ѳֹ׿Խô򵥣Īǰ˶еľ콾
ľ⣬Ǿ콾۷Ĵڣǧ֮УҲһ
ִڣֱ𡱣
΢񣬶΢ʳ
飬ֱ飡
ͨ׶ԣǶԶ΢ĳƺ顱ǶԶĳƺ
Ϊ𡱣ȻǶеڡ
ⲻһʵϵǴһǱһԶԶѰ޵ߵ֮ţֻҪزۣձȻϹһһľ뢴ڣ
ɷϹܹӵСǱ޵ߣǷëǰĴڣޱȡ
һĻȴ˳ϫϣ֪Ҷε֮ǿҡ
Ҫ֪ʱŲӿֳߵ⣬㱻Ϊ̫Ͻһһĺţء
ɴ˱ƶϳӵоŵ޵ߣǺεȵˡ
Ҷ֪Ϲ֪һǧܹ֮ŵģԡ֮С
šϹ֮ࡱĳƺţΪأдԵ֮˵ﶼѰҲ
ؼǣҶǧ˵֮⣬һǧУŲȼЩ︦һ㱻ֱ뵽˵֮У֮иͼ
һ򣬰٣ǧÿ֮Уְ޲֪ٿ򣬿ǧȴеȼֻҪɵ֪һζʲô
ԣҶ˿̵ĲŻ֮𾪡֣̿񾳵ΪԱ򶨡

ŹҫգƬѤóʢоʥ֮ϡ
ϫ˿̣ŵЮ⣬Ӱã˺ѿʵһ翲ʵĸо
УΣһһţҶҧӿһĨ֮ɫ
ϫŵ֮źͼ̫Ͻ̵䱦ͭǮɽĴˣڽʱչֳˡ𡱵Ǳ
һУҶ޷ŶԷʹ˴ȥ
ûٳɣһ̣ҶˣĳƮÿһ缡нԶӿһɴĿĹ⣬ȡ
ҲһٴαǣǿɲϢΧʱաǳߡȫݡ
ԶԶȥ˷ƳΪǿյŮʣ죬ǡ
䣡
ڵ̫ͭȼգһɲǱͨޱȣǸֳһɬĻƣ鱦ıԴǴӻеʱ֮
ɹԪ֮
أҶбɱһ˦ֱ㽫̫ͭգݺݳԶĳϫɱȥ
һ߾ܷӳһУ˵Ƕ񣬾ڴˣҲˣ
¡¡
Ƭǿնڱ飬Ұ
ɵ̫ͭǾŵֵķΧʱȴӣƾγ޷ֺ
ܣԲҶˣסг
ҲֻǶѣܵסһ߾еȫһ
бȻĳδ֪
ʶһ㣬ҶвƵӿһĨѵһڰаǸСһﲻɣ
䣡
ҶӦ̫ͭݺ˻ʮ鱦˿̾ͬشⰵҰѡ
ۣ
Ҷܷɣ˿Ѫ˶һҡҡ׹ĸоǱˡ
⡭鱦һСͷŵľŵⶼֵס
Զɱĳϫ԰̫ͭҶɫ䣬촽ʧȥѪɫ׸е˾֡
ȷϫϱȻһֲָڣ޷쵽һ㣡

ˡ
˿̣ڳϫУһӨ͸̨ųȻϺڰ׾⣬ѤĿʥിŴϢ
УڣǳŹ޼񹂵ת켣ѭԵޱȵĺ嫺ͻԻ͡

ֱľŵ⣬ڴ˿Ҳˮ㣬׷ӿڡ
ȻǶѵĽǡƵѪ⡢˵Ѩϡ޲һɲǿʼֺϡ޸һֲ˼ٶȻָ
֮䣬ϫһ㣬Ӱ³ҶҰ֮С
ֻ֮ǰͬ˿̵ĳϫӿԹΣһƾӨʥĵȫ£ǵȻ֮Уһ޷Ե֮
ڡ𡱵ϢضԶڲͬޱȡ
ৣ
ϫ۾Į
Ҳڴʱʶ֮УĺͼƬҲһȻȥ
񾳣
һ̣ϫ׷ɱУ׽ɹ̤㵽˸ߵ磬ʵٴεõ˷츲صɱ䣡
һ˲ʱ䡭
СˣʧȥǾŵıӣҾͲɱ㣡
ҲڳϫϾŵ⣬۾һɲǣҶɱһ֮ٴαɱ


1594 

һΣҶֳһ߳׶ʱ˺ѿһ϶ɱ
ˣΪһ񣬷ɱͷųѹԵÿɲޱȡ
νձ󣬱ˡ
ˡ
ڴˣϫ̧һУɢһĨǻţɲǼӲҶС

Ҷгŭޱȣ׷ɱϫ񣬲δ䱦ͭǮ֮⣬ϫӵʮλ鱦
˿̸һʶףδżУȴȻ֮ӲٴγϫɱȥҪ֡
ɻδжϫ͵Ŵ˦󴸣ݺڸһǳϡ
䣡
ǳը飬еҶͺ󴸵ĴͷӲǳ˶ײ̳У͵ٴοѪһŽޱȵŤ
СҪɱ㣡
ҶУħ۾ˣڴзҪٴγϫɱ
䣡
ϫĿԸˣжδͣӶӰߣϽҶһһǳϡ
һ걻׷ɱеŭͱڴ˿ȫй˳
һʱ䣬ƬǿоǺ¡¡ǳըԼҶһһ˻У쳹Ե쳣͸޾ķŭʡ
ʱҶͷɢͷȾѪ۵üϾ˺ۣǾĵģ˿̵ֱҵĽлƵġ
ڴˣϫжΪһ˿ͣ١
һǰĩ֮һʱУаȣ㱻ŮɱɰȴʹУҲδѹ
ֱУҶǽڤڵչȫѰ׷ɱòĴܣֻǱޱȡ
Ȼ󣬾㳤һĲ׷ɱУˣϱҶĥԵɺ֮£ƾִﶴ֮ϫ޷Լĺˡ
£ϫɿˣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһŵǳը飬ҶҲвϱײѪⶼģһѪˡ
ϫҵģأҶԹޱȵٴ쳹м͸һɷζ
ϫͫһ͵زҶһɿֲӿһɽҪһ㡣
ã
ѵҪԱɣ
ϫ̽һУ͵˴͵Ųƶȥ
䣡
ҲڴʱһɿֲĲҶɢһӲԲʮΧڵǳʯȫһһգ
̫ɲҶһʼʩչʯٰĹϫ޿ܻʱˡ
ϧԳ־Զϫһ·һֱϫϿԼͳϫͬھ
̬չһҲҶù˳ϫһ޷
𣿡
ԶǿУϫ㣬ңңӣѻһƬʱشһƬ
ৣ
ڳϫΪҶԷٶʱȻһĨӰӴдܳ󳯼ԶԶԶߡ
Сţ֮һٱҶŭԹޱȵļٿȻ쳹
ȻûϫͫһʵЩϣ֮ջֻܽ
ûмȥ׷ԭкܶ࣬Ҫǣʱ׷ȥԷһԱǺͬǳϫ޷ܵġ
ϾҶһ񣬶Ÿոս񾳣ҶˣҲƾһŴ㽫Űûͷ
ǾϵĲ࣬޷Խ
ϫȴǺţԷ»ָȫʢʱڣҪǰԼɾͲô׵ˡ
ҶˣԭȷΪǾŵ⣬Ժͼ£
֮ǰϫĹؼʱ̣ͼ첨һϰ㣬άϵı仯תҶĹִʱرͼˡ
ҺúͼֻǶԳϫʱһַɵɱֻʮҶҲɡ
ȻһжǳϫԼݵóںͼΪλڵʱӳѣϫԼҲò𰸡
ԼܸоͼĶֻºԼ۳ľŵйˡ

ҶԶݶȥϫԭس˼ãȥȻһĨף̧ͷߴȥ
ˣ
ҲڴʱһĨؼʱգٿȻ䣬ڳϫӦ֮ʣӿͷ֮ڣ㣬ɲǼʶС

ʶиһͣ٣չһȻİ񵥣ϱߺȻֳһеɵĹ֣񣬵ھʮ
⾹Ƿ֮ϫľûһһԼʶУԼȥִ
֮ǰҲ˵ܹλз֮֮ϵ֣޲֮ͬһȺ۷ǿߡ
һ񵥣Ĳַͬˡ΢񡱡񡱡񡱡
ÿһϵ֣һϵͬЩҲĪͬһ֮ɧĴڡ
콵⣬ӳһּھʮŵΣǶԳϫʵһУ
֮Ϲһǧ֪УеĶ޵УŸոս񾳵ĳϫһ˵ھʮ
һ̾漣ǴϹ򣬷һȻ󲨲ɡ
ϾϹ֮ȱľ飬Ŀ֮ӴӣϫŸսһԾ񡱵ھʮλ֪жôҫۡ
һ񵥸һ֣ϫзǵûκϲúͱͬĸоһޱȵĵִ
һɲǣеĺͼƬ˵һͷųһƲһͽһȻİ˺飬һĨɱһ˿ۼδ£
óϫһаȻǺͼƬˡ
δеپ棬Ϊ֮ʱͼƬ͵ʱֵһ֮Կ
֮ϫзһɵִȫںͼƬӰ졣
ΣͨһϫʶԼڶ֮У˺εȵλ
ҶǴŮ˱ȻʹưոˣԼô˻ᣬǰڤһˣ֮һٸˡ
ϫһȷĿ꣬㲻ٶ롣
뿪ʱȴüͷû취˵ͼϲ
ǣҾ֪һսֳĶ֮е޵ܻû˹עء
ܿ죬ϫƲʲôüͷƽӰһӰһĨ޵ӰƵģȻʧԭء
ৣৣৣ
Ҳڳϫղһʱղ𣬴ӳһӰ


1595 ǳ
٣ŮԼĪʮһλۣɷǵߴƮȻ
Ŀ⿴ⷽԲʮ֮ڵսʱɫнԶһĨ֮ɫ
˴ƻģȻж񾳵ǿ߳ˣΪ׵Ļ߳
ʦ壬˵һλڽյôֺͶǣϵˣһŮɻѡ
ҡͷЦݵóЩƬսµĺۼȻжˣڴǷһλйأȴ޷жϡ
һŮüҲǸеΪΡ
߰ɣһžͺãǶ񾳵սλ𣬶ǣԶҵܹ֡һϡ

ʱղߵ˱תȥ
ǻȻûע⵽һӰȻ׺

ͬʱ

һͨŻ֮Ĺϼ̨ǰϥһΰϵӰһϢɬءһŵĵܣµϴ񣬸һԵׯʥơ
ڼ̨ϿգһƬ磬ԭʼİϢһ֮УȻһŽȻԻ͵İ񵥡
֮
ϫڴˣȻһ۾ϳڻ֣֮澲ӡһеɵĹ֡
Ȼԭŵķ֮棬طһĨ⣬ջһ֣ڡ񡱵ھʮλϡ
һɲǼ䣬־ͻأʧ类һݺݴӰ޳һ
ˡ
һĻԭķ֮͵ؾҲһ£ͷųһޱȵĿֲϢ
ţ
ǣ
ôȥ֮춯
һɲǣϥڹϼ̨ǰһƵӰ۾
һ˫˫۾һƬضﶼһֲ֮Уͷһ״ӳ˯
ǵĿ񷣬ڻֵķ֮ʱһǻָ糣֮ǰһжûзһ
ЩװӰǺε߷꣬ĥ£ԲΪղһĻǴ
춯һ֣Ȼζд·һӵ쳹
Īǵ֮УмԪر֮춯
ܣԪر֣֮춯ɲ˼򵥣Աݣг֡
˵˵
Ȼˣ´ּ⣬ȥ飬ֹǵҲҪһ飬ȷǷʲô䷢
ҲãǾ̫Ͻ̵ȥ°ɡ
̫Ͻ̣
ôˣ
ˣȥɡ
ЩӰܿϣַ׷ױָֻһֳܰģ
춯ľ

ͬʱ¤еһǳϡ
Ȼѣһλߴ˶һͷŨܳ磬磬ϢҰѡ
Ź֣Ϊҵڶʧһ£³ˣЩ
ͷЩɻ󲻽⣬ʶУһȻİ񵥣ϱߺȻдţӣھʮλ
ѵ˻ڱη֮вɣλͳϫͬϵӣԭأ˼֮С
֮ҡҡͷͨһ뵽˵¡

һУϫԶ֪˿ǻһ󣬲ʱд
һ·ϣΪнƵİϫҲǽԷ̸һ˿Уոһ˵
УһΪڡԱߵЩŮԶڵӡ
ڣλӱϼϣҲǱһһ޵պգڵһڤڡ
˽ЩϫһľͷӻЯУҲӦҪѰһʦѧյĻᣬǿԳǰ֮С
ڤڣϫѾˣԷЭҶ׷ɱã˶㲻ˡ
ټϳϫɱڤڴɽĺ춬ͤԼǸħľͷӽڤڣϫҲʵˣһԷ֣ԼйϵǺɲܳеסġ
ľͷӰҲһѡ񣬾ôɣһɣҲֲеһ˿Ρ
ϫһʹ⣬ҪһһǰڣȻѰһὫľͷӰýȥ
ãǰǳȺСģ
ڴ£ȻԶޱȵĴʱ;˳˼еĳϫ
̧۳ԶһüëҲǳ棿

ˡ
ǿһ̶һƬӰ糱ˮӼԶзӵ
ԶԶȥͺһƬŰĲɫɷӿϸȥǲɷһƬȺ
ǳֻĴָСͨ쵣һаͫѪţԵüΪ
ꡭ
ӹ֮أһһ񱻿ʳĹʵһǧٿףȻѡ
˵һ֮ѰĶ΢ƴȫһҲ޷һٻٵ֪Ⱥɲ
ǰǳ棬߮ǿУΪǸͷСɻȴΪˣΪѲǣǳˮ֣ǿޱȣܹɱ򵥵ɱȡЧ
Ȼ˳ֲĵطĿڶ࣬һȻǺѹѹһƬȳĺ
һ̣һƬǳȺХһ㣬ɫ޲֮
ȹģİǳȺ֣񶼸еޱȣһ֮Уֻһ˲ǶŮԶǶ΢һЩȺ֪жء
ЩĶѾǣǰˣҧֵˣ
һŮѱŵþ彻ӣԣԥӦ
ˡ
ɾתҪʱǿУһʱղǴٴӿһƬƺƵİǳȺ
ǰл
һĻҲɫ䣬ʶǾЩȺѾ׼õİΧȦУ
һӣɫ䣬ŭ˼£һŮŵɫ̻̲
ȰΧ£ƾһ˵ѵҪڴ
ʱûʱȥ̫࣬ΪЩǳȺѴ˷ɱ
һڵƴҲҪΪɱһѪ·мһ˺ɫǹȳɫѾǾȻ
ʦ壡
һڵӸжĪѪȣо徹һɨգ׷׽Ҫͬͬ
ɱмˣҲǺɣһԶɱȥ

ɾһжһɲǣһĨǻԵĹ⣬ؼţһŝ֮ǰЩǳȺֶ¡


1596 ȴ
ţ
һ˽Զһֹ

ڴʱǴȻ£һٽǰӿİǳȺ֣ݺ
ˡ
ЩǳѹѹһƬҪȴ޼£ֻǴһգѽϤȫ촷ۣΪ
ֻĿɿڴǿǳǧİǳ棬ײб壬Ѳޱȣ񣬾һŴײԣĨɱɲ֮䣡
ǲ㶼Լ۾ˡ
ڴʱһεӰڳУ̽һץͽЩǳʬȫ
Щǳʬͬһ־ޱȵģֵǷ
һӰȻǳϫһУӰһٴμһݺֶȥ
ˡ
ЩӺӿİǳѼƲҪӴܣɾڴʱǴֶ¡
һǳҽ飬ܿ͹ڳš
ˣЩͻأ֣˷İǳȺȫɱһ
һж̫죬ӳϫٵɱЩǳȺŲ֮ѡе˷Ӧʱǻָ֮ǰƽ
ȴǾþ޷ƽü֮価֮ɫ޷ԭǳȺȻױĨɱˡ
Ул֮һԶĳϫ֡
ĿⶾЩǳȺǳֵλʵ̫ǿᣡ
Ȼһ۾ϳԷֻǶΪɲκСԷˣϾЩǳȺΧ޷֤Լܴ
ǲ࣬ɲвϡ
лǰʱŮҲӦ볯ϫ񣬲ϫĿУ˸мһĨ档
û취Էģʵ̫ˣ񾲵ȻҲЩĴⲻǺ棬Էΰ쵽һеģ
ϫȽЩǳȺʬЦŹֵҲֻ·˳Ϊ֮ѣλѲؿ
ϫ̬ǫͣҲһЦŸϫһ󣬱㼴ʵѣҪǰεأ
ʵҴ˴ѰһţΪҵıһ޵ᡣϫЦſڡ
һ˼ؿ˳ϫһۣѲߵһǰС
ǰǱһһ϶ǰġ
ŮҲһԷ׷׿ڣ̬Ϊȳ
ϫһ£ƺװɡ
дЦ˵ﻰ֮ǰҵȴ˿ֻ⣬ֻǰλжѣлİġ
˵һˣϫԲܾˡ
ʵξһˣϫҲһ˿˼֮ǰڷ˳ľͷأɲɵģȻһȺǳȺʱ͸һѻᡣ
ʱеĴ𸴣ȻѴﵽ˳ϫĿġ
£ϫһһ·ڵءǡ

һ·ϣϫҲǽ¸֮ľͷӣܸһʶ
ľͷӾȻҲ˵ڵͷȻԼһУʱ־ϲָжö֪ϫлˡ
ʱϫκҪֻ¶ԥӦˡ
ˣϫҲһһֽɽҰдģܹʵԸУҲΪο
ܿ죬ϫͷ֣ľͷЩڵǰԵúܾнԷЦʱҲͲ岻졣
óϫʱʶһ⣬ľͷӵĳϾ̫ˣЩŮǧûȣһ޵ߣһδ̤У˴֮ĸҲ
ľͷ˿ԽУִӵ飬Ȼవɡ
һ뵽⣬ϫнеһԣһݸ˶Էѣ鴾ӣͨ£ʱܶշ;ˡ
ֲܾϫ
ˣϫЦЦתЩŮȥ
вźۼشһ´оǧ񾧣񱦣жʱһôֱʰ
ͬʱϫһһЩŮиٿ񾧣ĿҲҪöԷշľͷӣһ۸Ҳ˳
ϾǶ񣬲ʱʱշľͷӣЩŮͬͬΪӣż磬չˣ˾Ҫ۸ľͷӣҲõһ
һ֮󣬳ϫЦŽľͷӽеߣһ£ȥУѰС£ЩŮȻҪԼһҪŬУ˲վȽŲ
ľͷӽһжУѽϫԼĳԣимԸӣҪϫߵףȴ߸סˡ
úŬǶõı𣬱ǵ־г֮Ҫؼ磬ѡ
ϫЦŶľͷӣͺ񿴼ʱԼ͵ܵܳ껣ҲΪп
ţһģݺݵͷ
·ϣϫЩŮԴľͷӵ̬ȣԱȳ࣬óϫ΢΢һЦ
ƸܵģʱȴԸƹϵܹãǰһĻһ
ѣͼúáʱнһݸ˳ϫ
лѡϫ֣֮ǰ·ʱҪǰڤڵڤѰˣȴ֪·ߣе㽫ͼһݡ
йЦѿˡ
ʦ壬ǵˣȻԱߴһλӵ
ԣ˽Զܡ
ϫ̧ȥȻͿԶǿУһŴɫ紿ƵģɢȻ
ľͷӣǱڴ˸ɡϫŤͷߵꡣ
ǰΪᡣ
Уط֮աϫ΢΢ЦЦ
ϣ
ȻνʣһɨԶǿա
أ
ǴǿԭϰٿŻ򣬿ɾɲǼ䣬뱻һĨΪ룬Ȼ촷ۣһա
ȻһǺȻϫһƣɻҪʲô
ΨƤϫжǣɽˣɱʲôأ֮ɲӦ
ͽжأס
λ±ˣڡϫ˹֣ӰһʧԶǿ֮С
ʦ壬λǰֻжΪʵȴ˵ĺܰһૡ
ҲΪȻ
ʦ˵λǰòλոյɣȻһŮ˼ڡ
һȴǻֵض£ǻȷΪס
УȴǰԴ⣬һҪúչľͷ꣬պ˵ͨ꣬һλӵǱܵĴһϵ
Ȼǰ˾һλոյ

опܣ


1597 
ৣ
ǿУһӰ˸ϣŲơ
ڤǣڤ֮̾ءϫԺĬĬ˼˽йڤڵϡ
κȻʧЦԼǰڤڣֻһжѣֲȥսôʲô
ϫüͷͽ֮󣬽Լȥ
ǰϹ֮ǰϫʵżΪĿ꣬ǾѰٵԼĸĸȻʦеʦʦۡ
ҵѩ뿪ʱҲԸ߹ϫֻҪúͼƬϹ֮󣬱ƾͼΪᡣ
ϫεǣֱ񣬳ȾŸɬĹּ֮⣬ûܴӺͼвʲô
Ÿ֣
ϫȻһòаɣ
ͼƬڵߴκ͵ڰ˴ںʱ渡ֳһͼͼ˸ϫ߾ܣҲϳеľŸֱ֣ǻġ桢񡢹šۡ򡢼͡
ϫҲݣôϣŸֶһͨ˳䣬ʱ꣬¡
ʱȴ׽һ˿ЩִϹĳ֣
ҡҡͷ̫٣޷ȥá
Ϲǧ򾳣ѩīֻ֮һѣԼӦǰϹҲʢ̽Ѱһ޷ѰٵУȴǿԴ̽һʦʦǵ䡭
ϫ˼ѰҵԼЩʦʦ㣬ҲܰԼָһЩԽ
Ȼ̫ϽϹб˳ɽŮ洵ҲһֻҪѰ㹻Ϣпܺʦʦı档
ϫԽ˼·ԽԣϹ˺ƴ󣬵ƾԼһ˵ȥѰңվޣܵõɽŮ洵İɻ࡭
£ϫϣ֮󣬾ǰѰйɽŮ洵ĻԹ̫Ͻ̵в
Ͼϫû̫ϽŮҶǰµǾݻ
ϹǺӣԽǶʢУֵĿҲȻˣΪ˵ڶпڵھʮɱ֮վһ硭
ȷĿ֮󣬳ϫʼңĿ꣬ԵҲȥִУǾһеǰᡣ
ϣ̤㽣֮ҪֻܿһһεĻۺĥ£ʱֻ޷ȡóЧ
ΪϣҲŸո̤㶴񾳣һȫµľ磬ҪԲֻ֮ҲҪķѳõĹ򡣡
ϣ̤С֮֮һξ룬޷ʱȥۣҪͻԵ̫ȷһʱҲϱ˷̫Ѫ

ϫһһʽңԵüΪ侲ǻһڴˣ֪ϫ߱һʵֻ·Ǽʵ÷񲻿ɡ
ûԭ̫׿Խˣ
ڶ֮УϫӵеʵԿǾΪѵõǣǸող̤붴񾳣˶ھʮڤλϣǴȥϹֻ¶ú䶯
ɺȻϫһв㡣
ΪԼҪ̫Ŀ̣ŻӵеһУκνҵĳɷ֡
˼ȥϫհĿƷʣԼתսʽ档
ܣ±ѰĺҪǿһڶ΢ʱϫӳȻƣ֮󣬽Щ׽ļ
ϫѾ鱦ƷҲżΪϸĻ֣·ƷƷƷֱ½סн׺нףͳΪƷס
˼壬һƷ񱦣ͳΪ½񱦣ƷΪн񱦣߰˾ƷΪϽ񱦡
УƷϽȻǿġ
ϫĽǿƷ½ǿһЩȴƷнǿ
ֵһǣͬƷ׵񱦣ڲͬУܹӳҲȫͬ
綴΢Էӳ½񱦵ȫܣһн񱦣󣬿ȴѷӳȫܡ
Ȼֻ϶ԣһλ΢н񱦣·ӳֻ߰˳ɣҲѹ½񱦵Ķ΢ˡ
һж񱦶ԣսУϵ̫࣬˵Ϊս顢硭ÿһܹͬӰսķӡ
ϫĴ㣬ǽƷһΣһԸϳнƷˣϾǷǿ֮
鱦ûƷֵģֻܴС
ҲҳϫӵΪǿ񱦣սʱŲΪ̫뱻
Ʒ֮⣬ϫصģǸıսʽ⡣
νıսʽսʽãǸıԼͳԦʱõ
һУҪ޼񹂵ϡ
һض嫵񹂣ڳϫ룬ΪʱԦתĺࡣ
һֱ޼񹂵öΪǳܷӳǿ󣬵ԶԶûȫӳ
ճϫݣԼڽʱŲʱ޼ȫ÷硢סռ䡢ʱ̶ȵطӳʱŲƵ
ġɱСһʽʱ޼ܻΪ֮ĻӳҪǿһң
ֻһɣ൱ĵ˵ĶԾܾ˴ˡ
֮ݲͬսٸԼյĲͬ޼ΪŦȥһһƥ䣬ȫԷӳΪǿ
ϫ֮Ҫ˳ԣȫΪΪƿʮ֮ӵ޼񹂺ͷȥмԦܹԼ
ǿߣ඼һ֮ո֮û޼ȥͳԦҲϫ㣬ıսʽЧ

һ·ŲƷɳǿУϫһֱƷʣ͸ıսʽ⣬Ȼʱš
ʱ
һڵԶԶҰ֮Уʱóϫӳ˼ѹ
ڤǣ
ϫԱͼȷϣڤ̾
ûгɣӰһǻһѰͨģȻƮȻڤϡ
ڤǼһ磬еҪ̫࣬ɽܲɼǿߵӰԵ쳣ķͶʢ
һ
ǡ
ϫ˫ָ뵽˳ǷˮĽֵϣĿԶܹһϻ٣ֱɽԶԶڼԶ
ɽڤ
Զڤ֮̾ء
ôȥҲ֪ǷڤСϫ˼


1598 ˺֮
ǣȡ֮⡣
˳ǰһڤ֮̾أʢ財
ÿһ꣬Աͬϵ޵ߣϣڤڰʦѧգٲȻΪ˱޵еʥء
ϫȻһ߳УҲܵڤڱеǺε죬ߵ۵޲йڤڵĻ⡣
ܳΪһİڤҲʵˡϫап
ܿ죬£ʼ̽й泵Ϣ

һ
ϫ෽̽һ¥Сһλڤڵĵӣ˵ʵǳϫһֱ֪̽ѰͨԷ̸ʱݣȷ˶Էݡ
һɫڵ꣬ȳھ¥λ
ѣܷ̽һ飿ϫǰ棬΢΢һЦ˵
˵ʱ޵ͷųһ˿ϢȻԷԭüͷɵ֪һ˿Ϣʱüͷһɫûκβ͡
ǰΪ£ƽڤڵĵ̣ԷΪߣҲ˶ηηˣڤڵӵĵ
ֻ̽һˡϫ˵ţ泵ֱ˳
泣
ɻü˼ãڳϫҪʧʱ͵˵ˣǸռŲõһӣʷ£ſ΢񾳡
ϫ˼ͨԷĻʱȷԷԼҪҵǸˣΪ˵Ůʲá
Ǹʵѣںδϫ˵ʱһźۼƵ˶Էǰ
ȴ¶һ˿裬ǰҪʲô
Ѳᣬ游ĺѣ˴δ·˵أ游̽һϫЦŽ͵
Էɾ裬ĿƳһ۴еĿüϵʱһ˿ϲɫ͸ɿЦԭʦõĳģΪ̽һʦõ䡣
˵ţ̽óһɫƣдһûãֻɫһĿһɨʱЦǰĺɣʦڳУҴȥ
ϫЦǿɾͶлˡ

͡
ڤפڶеһݵ㡣
ϫĴ£δ̤ʱ¥дһִ
ʦãض˵Ѿ棬Ըμᣬֻܳ䵱½ʦõġūɫȻֻǽɫūͣԸ⣬뿪ɡ
һ¥УһɫĮڡ
棬Ůӣһɴ֫ϸսĿˣͤͤɷƯ°͸߸̧üһĨ֮ɫһֻĿȸƵġ
һŮһϮȹټԼ㣬дһ˿ǿζ
ȹģʦáվ¥⣬ϫܵ˵ʱ̧žҪ¥ȴϫס
ȵȵȣ˭ϫ˼ʵ
ޣʦ֣ŵе̳ӵŶΪȻܳأһ½ʦãŵӣʦһռŲã츳͸ǿǼΪ㡣
٩٩̸½ĿҲһĨĽȻ½ɫڤڵ֮УҲΪڣһеϲ
ʱ򣬴еɫԥ֮ò˵ʦ֣ҴӦ䵱½ʦūʱǷܡ
˵꣬ͱһԵ½ϣˣһнûһ˿ϵԴ䵭͸һɲм
Ϊʲô޷⡣
Ϊʲô½߸̧°ͣб泣ʦãǻѩīǧһӵܣĴȥʶһȴŲӵеĶ̫𣿡
˶٣̾˿ʦã˰Ҫ֪㣬ô߿ɲá
泱⻰Ǻ죬½ʦ㣬λʦ尲ŵģɺûκιϵ
½üðȻô˵ǾͱһˣȻᣬֻҪ˵ڣԸһȥɲһƽӹĴѾͷˡ
˵Ѻض䳰ȷ
泵ʱû֪½һϯ񶾴һʹģίú޲Ťͷӵ
ˣ½ʦֱֻڿ죬ɸֶѡ½ЦЦ㼴ЦݣȻ泣ίǱ뿪ɣ˵ǰͷԺʦÿɲҪˡ
Դ⣬޲¶һָ߸ϵζԷһᣬͱжȥܣܣںһ
ҡãҧӦ
ͨʷΨһҲѶЩ»ҰڤڿУ֪ܵ˶ٵۺͳЦջǿˡ
ⲢɥʧϺ͵ߣ
㡭½˴Цãܺãʦйϧйȡƽӹ޵츳ˡ
ҲüһƤЦⲻЦ߲ͣʦãҲòһ䣬ɲҪָ˻һȥˡ
һӣ׻ɷףĿⶼȥ仰˾ԸԼһȥֻҲΥ־
Ҳ˵κòȡһᣬ޼ˣ
գ泽Ŵɫ㱵ת뿪͡Ȼʧǡ
ϫʱҪסȴϫźۼס
ѣζлˣǡϫЦЦ˵ʱһӡϣԷҲˡ
ǰʦǡҪ˵ʲô
ףҸӾ仰ߣ˺֮ʱͬɱˡ
ȻƽУϫӰƮȻȥ
겻˴ʼ硣
ʱʦܣղ˭ʱӰڴǰ
ʦõ游֮ѡʱڴ
˵ղŵһжˣ½Ҳ˹һԷ泵ĳɫЩš
ߣһ񾳶ѣ½ʦòصǡЦĿо֮ɫ
лʦֻػ½ཿεεƳһۡ
½ʦ˵ﻰ¡ҵôĿƵŶԷԼĳ⡣
ʦôҲ컬ˡ½Ҳߵͷһϡ
ʱһԿΪΣ룬ǳԵʦ֣ղʦõĳһ仰֪
˵ЦŻ֣ڲ࣬ҲԵúɡ
˵ߣ˺֮ʦԺɱڡʱС
ɫʱһͰȻЦһĪǺһǰ׳գҵҪκڣ첻ɱҽɱ仰͸Ĺ־


1599 ۳
ĽͷˮЦ
泹һվͷϣȴȻ޴룬еһǰδеĹ¶
ЩһֱʳΪԼܺúôҲΪԶ游ΪԼġ
ǣϾֻһŮӣҲί±ٱʱ򣬾ڡ
Ȼоʧȥμ֮ԼƺҲκι
ô죿
游֪Լ˴϶ʧɣ
ǣԼĺ۰
泾ʧȥȫϥ˵ϣ԰׶Ȼ
Ľͷϣˮ泱ϥڽͷϣ˶ָָ㣬ɻ󣬻Ȼһ㡣
𣬲úУⱲӾͻһ̾޳ͷ֮ա
һ۵ָ泣ԼڤеҪΪ䡣
仰ɷ͸ӿһ޷ʹģ̲סˮ
ʱһֻĴͷģһůҲϸɢȫûɸеһ˿̤ʵ͸ο
ʹһ̧ͷͿһߣƽԼ
Ȼǳϫ泲ٿƽ
֣ȴһ泲һվ
˭ʹ࣬˭гܲסʱ̣㲻ܰ¶˿Ϊͬı䴦ϫƽ
һ˭
游תġϫĴ˹ȥ
游
泺ȻһӿһĨ֮ɫ̲ס򿪴ϸ̽
֮ȻһҧѴһĨᶨ֮ɫ̧ͷųϫֵлǰ
ϫЦЦҪδ㣿
ŬУȻʧᣬҲʹˡ
ϫ˼ΪηҪִμ᣿
йᣬϫҲжţĩ֮ʱǴҪΪūĿıΪ˲μŮٰᡣ
ϫҲ˽Щйľ嶫ȴһŲ֪
ΪΪ̫ƽӹˣֻвμᣬҲϣý񾳵һᡣ
ԥһ£ΪλᣬҸ̫Ѫû뵽ͷȴ
˵ɲһ˿ء
Ǹʲôϫüë
Ե򵤵ʦƵһƻ굤ҩЧڳʱ۳̨ǰҲ֪޷̨ŵҩΪ̨׼
泽һκ
ʦ򣿡ϫһԼӺͼƬõľŸ֮УȻеۡ֡
УĪһ˿ϵ
һ뵽⣬ϫʱּУԺҪעйصϢϡ
ڵʦ˭ϫȥע޷һڵϼļһˡ
ǰȻ泿ڣЩԥЧ˼
޷ϫЦЦ
ܷȥμ᣿һԴڴųϫڽţ鲻Խ߬˫֡
ϫһˣҲܲμӣ
һ֪ϫĹ򲢲˽⣬
ԭᣬѩīŮٰ죬ʱѩīǧѡһƬΪ֮أҪԣֻһǾǲӵܱǶ΢ȻһλӣΪӵܵıߣͬʱһūΪӵܵĸߺִߡ
򵥶ԣһȥμᣬһλ񳤱ӣһλū
ֵһǣūΪҲֶֻܱ΢񾳡
ڲμʱ򣬶񾳴ֻܱӵܣֹˣһԽƻǺֻᱻᡣ
ĽҲΪḻֻҪֵܼߣԶȡһݽЩǰߣһŮ۵Ĵ
ûܻǰΣֵֻܹ㹻ˣΪѾ߱˻ƻ굤ʸ
ȻĹ򲢲ֹˣҲ֪ޣϾݣ˽⵽顣
ϫǴˣʵô˵ҵĴˣ
æͷ
Ҳа߿ɻһūءϫ
ҲȥʶʶŮΪѩīȻһȨ죬ʵֲƥĴˣܽ˻е֪һЩйɽŮ洵ϢǾ͸ˡ
Ȼβμ᲻ܽӴԷɽʱһǰʢϣҲȻܹóϫʱҪ̽һЩϢҲһЩ
ûūа䡣泳üãȻʲôʱЦſڡ
䣿
ϫ
һͷ۳ãͬһĶ΢񾳡˷ܿڣ˵ʱһУһֻƵѩӣͳġ
һ£ϫס۾ֻ˫⣬αֱ̣׵һֻСûʲô
ǰôϣؿųϫ
⡭ܲμս𣿡ϫɵ
ϻƳ˳ϫһۣ˸ǷϣһɵǷģ
æǰ飬ʵܿɰģЩңҹҶֵ֪ܷ졣
ӰЦңҾӣ²ġ
ϫüӻǲҪôԼ
ҲãֻҪСϫ룬ջǴӦѾӰ䵱ģָʲôæֻҪҾˡ
ιι⻰ʲô˼𣿼ֱɷҲΪ˱۳һҪҵǸ
Ӱ£һϲַģ
ŶϫЦЦһץסö䣬УһֻĶƤȷҪ𣿡
סΪӰһѩ׵ë˳ɫȼһڲ
ˣϫæֹ֡
ЦŮӣǺˡ
ϫʱס˵ɵ˲ҪļһȻһֻĸӣȻҲẦߣ
㡭㡭㻹֣ƴˣӰ죬һԳα̵۾ﾡŭ
ϫæĸӻ泣һԼղžָԷĶƤҲһա
ˣ߰ɡϫתƻ⣬ȥӰŭޱȵ
ڣ
㻹£
ûˡ
Ǿͳ


1600 ϵ

һԽ쳹һ޽ڶǵǼʴһһͨ
ѵȴڴ޵Ƕʱӵ롣
Ҳ߰ɡϫóһǹ챦ֵݸشĵӡ
ŶһԵæϡ
ǼʴĿĵѩīǧʢĻ
ѩīĺģŮ۵Ǳ֮̾أѩīඥԶз֧
˵ڵ޵ߣѩīˮ׼޵ˮƽ
ǡᡱ㽫ڲ֮ڻĻ
Եȡ
ǼʴҪʱһٿȻһһŮƮȻ
еĸߴӢŮƯ߹ڤڵ½ࡣ
ԭʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦҪȥμ𣿡
˵ִǴеȴ޵жʱһʺȻڤڵĵӣ޵ϣҲǻٽԶ¶һ˿η۵顣
д˿ɼΪڤŵе̳ȷǴġ
泿½ʱʱɫһ䣬˫Ȼգ
ɣؽšϫ
˵ʱЦЦᵭƽЦоǰ֮⣬泲Ծİ٣ľҲǻָ򶨡
ǣⲻʦô㻹İ½üһ̧߰°ͣмؿ泡
ǣԷɫǲκ仯в΢΢Щգǰ˶ֱ࣬޲ٺݺڿԷһ
ĿԴζؿ˳ϫ˵˺֮仰˵ģ
Ա˼ˣʱӦһһŮȻǵ¿кϷˣ
˵ġϫȻһЦκνš
˽Զڤڵĵ̣Ȼڤŵӣô˸˵ѵҲ̲ɣ
Ҳ΢΢һɫһô˵ǳ϶ˣ
˵ʱѴһĨͱ˵ʡ
ˣ泲ŵؿ˳ϫһۣȴ߳չһЦûڤˣ㵹Ҳҩɾȡ
˻Ȼ˾ǺηʥδҲ̫˰ɣ
½ȳ⣬ϿʦֵǸ޷뿪
½ʦãҪ˿ǵЦ
΢΢һУֹס½ٴ˵ȥȻ´һ۳ϫ㼴Ц˵ʦõĳԴǿδЩˡ
˶٣ɫһڤڵӵȻˣ˸ҳԶڤ裬Ϊ
һ˵ƯƯģʱӮڳһĿ⡣
ϫüͷײ壬СĻ㲻۾ϵĽӵܡ
Цҵ֪β
ѵȴ仰Բ˼ܼ򵥣ҿҲҪʦȥμᣬȻˣǾʹһģճɼУǵĳɼǺãôҹصǸȻԷΪɸң
˵⿪أһ˵ƣΧ˽ԶһԼ湻ģ
أϫȴƻ첻ΪȻɵȻƽ
ܻ䣿Ϊƾһ³۵ĴѾͷȡʲôɼɣ
½̲סԼҿǻһμв̭ɣ
˻һնʱǵͨ죬ݽҧֱ
ཻڴˣĵȴǳϫϾһӦԼʧǺɾԲ롣
泶ЩóϫϽˡ
صģĿžˡϫЦſһۣĿ⵭Ȼ½࣬ûжƽʵǷҲμԼ
½ʱסвЩԥ
Ȼμӣ͹ԹԱ죬ԱߵһƿĽɫģֻԵúø
㡭㡭½ಪȻŭСǵһα˽ƿøֱ£˵ˡ
Ա˿öһ࣬ԴǺֹǲֱ޼ɵ˼°
ԣҲ֪ô񾳵ġ
ϫаֹһ䣬ÿԷһۣĿŲҿԴӦһ䣬ǳɼأ
½ʱбӿһŭɱ˿̼ϫʳ仰ԥȻͬЧ
˻Ȼ仰˼˵һɼԷҪԷǸԷΪ
˵˸ɴĴӦɼԼʵǺεţˣֻˡ
һ룬пʼ
˳Ծ彻ӵı飬еŭ㻺ⲻ٣ǿɾô˵ˣӦΥԶԼ֮³
˵ţĿкε¶һĨɱһţ㼴˻֣Ըشĵӵ󣡡
½Цſ˳ϫһۣѰ⣬ȶԷԼʧ֮󣬾ͺݺݽĥʲ
һУϫƽȻʣľиûзһ˿
С飬˶ҡ
ˡ
Ǽʴһһ̣Ǳһųʢ⣬Ю˲ʧԭء


ϵ
һƬǿеܲǧԶԶȥЩ򹹳ɵͼһͷϹޗһ㣬ƬϵҲ˵
ϵ󣬷ֲ֪򣬵ųɾŵϣԶޱȣɱķֹȻֻ޷ݷУʺס
ΨֻȼĻԺһЩ
ˮǱ֮һ
˴ٰĳǗϵμԱĵطˮϡ
ʱ䣬ἴĻˮҲǿǰ֣ѩīǧеһǿߣԶǷҪչ¶ͷǣ
֮һѩīһߵ͵ʢᣬŮ־ٰ죬񣬻Ե࣬ҲǿǰޱȣʶŻô˲С
ˡ
ˮǣеǼʴһ󲨶ӿһȺ޵ߡ
УȻгϫ泵Ӱ
ʲô˵һٺҲˣԹԣ˭öλ䵱ߣ
ֹǹٺ˵϶ѷ۵ӿҲˣҳ䵱Ļߡ
һʢᣬû뵽ѩīʢλ콾УȻλ
ҪΪ˴ʢôǰ
һ߳һޱȵ˾˶䶼졣
ϫ̧ȥͿǿޱȵĽֵϣǺѹѹͷֱɽ˺ֵ˼¡


1601 콾
ˮǵķʢȫ˳ϫһ߳ǼʴĿһĻʱҲ΢΢
ܹ֪ˮǵ֮䣬һǿϢЩϢǿϫеһ˿ɵ
ٿֻҲ˲ٴǰĦϫап
ܱģȻǶԼ֮ϵĴڡ
ֵ˵ϫʶ˴ǰμӵУѩīպյ콾
ϫעǣǴϵĶѷҲˣǳ䵱ߵĽɫóϫжʱһ˿Ʋ⣬ѷòǳ䵱߰ɣ
Ͼĩ֮ʱϫ˵ҪμŮٰᡣ
ʱĩ֮ҲΨһһӵġ
ٺ벻ȻҲˡ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣҲԴ𾪵ؿڣһ˿ݵζ
Ŷ𣿡ϫԴȻؿ˶Էһۡ
ֹѩīǧУ۶˭㣬ϵıٺŵеЩѩīиɳྪ춯صĴ£ѩīе޵߼û˲ʶġ
٩٩̸ѶԹٺġ
ŶһĹܸ߰
ϫڴˣӦȴǺƽսѴﵽԺͶӲˮ׼̫Ͻ̵Ҷһսõ֤
ߣڣǿˣ
ڴʱһͻأȴվԶЦԱߣ½ࡣ
˵գ˱תȥʧ˺С
߰ɣȥϫȻһЦȻ⣬ֱ泳һȥ

ˮƹ
Ǳμĵз
ϫ泵ִʱһ
ϫ̧۸֪ܣִ˴εĲ߹ȻһɫĶ΢ΪߣͬǶ
ϫעģȻЩ񾳴ڣϸ֮жʱ
ЩУʵǴϵľŲ൱ҲһЩڤڵħơ
ЩǿߣԲóϫеɵڶ΢ʱɱŲħȴڣָοڡ
Ҳȼϫ͸ǳⲻҲǰԸпȻѩīеһǰʢᣬЩԵĶĿϢͿԿһ˿ߡ
ط޷һôˡ
ţ
ϫĿӹһµʱüëȻײ
ΪڴʱԷŤͷ˹
Ϊ㣬üӡñݰףͶ֮䣬һĶŵĸо崺硣
ϫʱвײ¶һ˿ȻЦЦϫ˹֡
ϫڣҲһ
ԷˣЦãδǰкתʼԵһһǰ
ǰȻʶԱߵԴؿϫ
˭ϫ΢΢һ
ٺ𰡡ڵղǺкôʶˣܻ˴к
ϫȻû뵽ǰǴ˵ѩħøʢһٺˡ
ֻһɺϡϫӣֻ˽͸泣ȴǰһ˿Ȼٺĸ֪Լֻһۣͱɲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
ҳϫҲǷ֣ΧδڸٺкӰĿУٽԶ¶һĨɵ;η
ȤڲμʱǵעһЩٺˡϫ˼
ܿ죬ֵ泱
ϫ֣ҪμᣬΪֻҪﵽ΢񾳣ҴһߺһūԲμӣʵѾֹ˺ܶ޵߼С
ԭڣ޵߲ӣǴ벻ǿ䵱ߵĽɫһ޵ūûУȻ޷С
泱ʱͱ֮ΪֹѾĲ߲ŲǧŰ˶ѡ
ĿӴʵѩīǧУԵüΪϡˡ
泿Ǳһڤڵĵӣǳϫ֣ûʸд˱֪ῴżͣʵѶϾһ󲿷޵߲еϣ
֮󣬱ǰˮɽׯʱ㽫Ļ
泱֮Ǳĸ

ˮɽׯ
λˮǵĳǽռĶڿռ֣ľβިСˮ̨ͤ¥鿣ŵּΪ㡣
ῪʱѩīŮ۱Լ٣֮ͨصͨʱҲṫ˴ľͽ
ϫ泵ִʱֵҹĻ񷷱貣ǻԡ
ɽׯУƻ𴱴һƬͨӵеȺ򣬻һȺһƷ໥ѣյҲΪ֡
ЩӵܴѩīǧеĲͬ˴֮ǰϵжţ˴˽ʱҲ޶İС
ڳϫԣ˶İʶѡһƧĵط泲Ҫ֮󣬱Ϣһ
ɾڴʱǰȺһɧ
ӵ֣
ԭ۵ӵѣ
ӣΪڵĹٺ𣬱Ϊѷ꣬˫š
٣Ҿ֪۵μʱӿ϶Ҳߡ
ΪΣ
Ϊʱĸ˫ͷǱ游һֱÿμᣬܻ᲻
ԭˡ
۷׷УϫҲüëӵҲ˵ǹٺ𡢴϶ѷԶѩīĿ콾
ЩϫȣеǣǰȺȻֿһһŮ糯Լ
еһɫۣݵĮޱ飬ŮһϮˮȹ㷢٣¶һʮϸһµü֮䣬ĽĮζ
һһŮ۵Ӻ
Ҫʲôϫüײ壬о̬Щ
ҵܴܵĵģǰĿɨ˳ϫ͸һĨͺ⣬Ȼ֪η
ԭ۷׷׵գһ仰ʱð˶ȤذĿ˳ϫһȻĵܵܣ
ϫУһӾͻȻ򣬶Է˵ĵ飬ȻĽˡ
Ȼ߲ư
ϫаԸпһ䣬ȴǵȻ˵ôܸܵоʤ㲻Լģ
ȻЦõֻ㣬ҵܵܵĶ֣ټңһʤҲûУԣñˣҸ˶Լҿɻʧģ


1602 Ů
һϯ˽Զ졣
ʣһ裬һʾҪڳ˶Ŀǳϫ˭Ͻ͵õӡһ壬ڤڵ³ˡ
˿ųϫнԶӿһ˿һ˭ãôӺȽɫ
裬˵һ泵Сò԰ףû뵽ֻǵͻô粨
ڴˣϫķӦǳƽȻ˿һֿ̬˿ߵӣǺȻӿһ˿Ц
ҿҪĿԴˡϫЦƵᣬŶˣλҪҪҲԼУ
˻Ȼһѵ𣿵һѾˣѵҪӣ
ӣǿһ̳֮Ժ͹ٺѷȼ磬񲻾͸Ѱ·ûʲô
ҲһϰĶҲԼҲԼʲôݣ
Ⲣһʢ˵ĸ̬̳߰ϫԲǶԵ̸С
ˣϫֻЦЦתȥϲ磬ϲԴ۸ߵͣóģԶеݺһвѺõƣ

һС粨ת˲ţδٲ
ܿ죬йسϫ֮ĶԼˮɽׯдˡ
㽫ĻҹμԵĵӣѻˮɽׯУЩϫ֮ĶԼʱԶȤԳϫʾЦм˼
ΣΪ£ȴǺȥӴϫΨֱᣬǵϫİˡ
µξǣׯ԰дЦ˶ǹ°Χ£һЩҫޱȵ콾ߣΨϫׯ԰֮Уʽ塣
ʵҫߣԶȱ׷Ŀͻ
ڴˣϫľһ˿ϥһʯϣָ泵С
Ṳ̊붴΢񾳲ãΪޣټϲʦָ㣬ܹȡõĳɾͲɫ
ճϫݣԼڣǺһ뵽һУעն˶ٳɼˡ
ϫʲô츳ˣԼ̿͡Ŭ֮ļᶨʯҫ۵ĵط
Ȼ츳ȷзֳ࣬޼֮ģڷ֮ҲȻ޷ȡʲôɾ͡
ʱϫָ֮УӵϷһҹʵͻͽӶϷⷢʣֻץסʱ䣬ŮָһЩԽԺʱܹһЩ·
յᣬϫԻỤһ·ߵףġƻ굤
ڳϫָ㣬泸տʼȽϾнͱϫĵе򣬰ʱɻһһ˵
ӳϫеõĴ𰸣Ҳéٿͷ֮УϲǼϫĿҲľĽͳݡ

ڳϫָ泵ʱˮɽׯһͤУһȺڵʲô
ԼĪʮˣԶӡ½հ
Щçײˣһûûλļһ㼴ԸֺαôݶĶԼ
üߵĴȥ߹ȥӲƴ𣿡
ɫЩ䣺㣬㶼˵أֺαС
ɫһ
½æʦ֣ҲΪãǿǸһǸ㣬ԺȥӦԣŻԼڲ֮ء
ЩסЩֵ꣬˵һ˵μʱζԸСӰɡ
ˣٶ˵СӲֵһɹҺʦڣؽϣҪĵֻˡٺѷǲĵˡ
˵⣬ɫһݣԲ٣Ǵ˴οɶΪȡζԲὫһ˼˷ڳϫϡ
סǰ㹻ˡȻһֱɫĮĬԵӿڣô࣬׻ûʧ
˵⣬ĿⲻƳһԶϫɫȻָСüͷײ壬˵ʲôջѡ˳Ĭ

ڣɷȥɱţܣ㾿˵ûУ
ˮɽׯһ䣬һͷڽӰüݸüõһ
Ǵ϶ѷһλѩī콾
棬վһۿ꣬Ȼô졣
磬æüȴ΢΢Щʲô⡣
ôˣѷ˽ԼܵܣԸ꣬竣Դϴĩ֮˶
磬Ҹо
ԥһ£ǵǱǸСӣϴĩ֮ɱŲǵǼһ
˵ʱĿⲻԶ
ѷȻһĨâ˳ĿȥͿһòͨʳںһŮ̸
ѷԴдһ˿ɱ⣬ϴĩ֮бܶ飬ȫû֪ܲˡ
òͬҲܸͬоСһϤĸоɫɣȥ϶
ܼ򵥣гʱܸܴӶԷʩչĵжϳһЩ˿ѷȻҶȻҪ丶ٱۣ

ԶѷĿɨʱҲǱϫ׽΢΢УаУԼĶֲٰ
ϸһ㣬½ࡢ֮⣬Ҫѷ
⻹ǵѺū֮⣬Ҫ泼ֵýȻҲ᲻ɱغӲ
һ֪ǵĴжˡ
ǰôˣɻ̧ͷϫָУȴȻ첻ˡ
û¡ϫЦЦȴСѾͷ֪ԼĴֻ¸Ͳ뵽һˡ
⣬ϫȴʲôһУߵΪҲ񾳶ѣ첻в
֪Ѵ
ԶУȻһ嶣Խƣлŷؼжһʥζ
Ů۵ˣ
ˮׯ԰һ궯˶̸ֹͣĿˢˢԶ
֪ʱؼƮһ使εĺɫ꣬ɢζһԶب֮
ϣֻ޴Ľɫ٤һͭԶԶȥo٣컨׹գǿҵ𺳡
ܹһͷǷڣں첼ۣҴ壬ڱ֮ϣֻ¶һˮӡ
޵װƽԾĻ棬ȴڱУȴغɽֻۣ֮һۣ˻ֱӡ
ŮۣһλͳԦѩīǧ


1603 
£Ũޣ֮»ӣɴŮϣȴ䣬
ǿҵӾڳ֮˽ԶȻ˸Ŀӡ
ѩīйŮ۵Ĵźܶ࣬Ϊɲ⣬֮ΪֹûһƼݡ
Ϊͷڣϳһ첼ĺͷڸգĪ⡣
һԱǣŮЩ֮˴磬һֱڵȴһλĽѾõĵ£гһչҿһɴ
ȻǴԣǼ٣ҲֻŮһˡ
٤䣬ִͭˮɽׯ֮УһھηĿע£һϮѵŮ۴ӱⲽɽׯǰ
ǰŻŮ۹ӭ˽ȥ

ʱһղԶӳֳһһӰһ֣󲽳ˮɽׯ
죬ڵĴīղǰ
ϹŶҲˣǳѾõǿߣ֪δˡ
쿴۵ӵ
ڡ¹塢ڤڡ
ɽׯеһڵӶʱһ궯Ȼע⵽ԭһȺ
һ̣ϫҲ۾ǸһڴϢ඼ɬأӯ֮Ȼһӵоγ֮ܵ
˲ֻһ΢ӲʢᣬȻһǰֻһжΪŮ۵Ĺϵϫ˼оŮ
λŮ롣
ʱһߴӴ߳Ŀһɨڳˣ㼴Ȼڡ
£ɫһ࣬ǻһ

˴ʯ涥ڣƻá
ŮһϮѣһ֮ϣͷڣֺɴ͸һϡ
˫·һڴζиƣѰڴˣֻ·Ǳ̱ڵزɡ
ϫһʱͿһĻ
ݼŮ۴ˣһڵӹ
Ů̧ˮƵһɲǣһ³еoӳ˯ѣһ˵Ϣ˲Ϣ
ض񡣡Ůۿڣֽ͸ģ˲һ˿η֮⣬棬ɡ
һĻ߹ɫһĿеһӵܣ˴ĵص◃ϵУһΪޣɱԽ࣬ճɼԽ㡣
չԵĹУһɲðӵɱΥֱ̭֣
˶٣߼ͬǣ˴Ľ֮ռֵ󣬲ҳɼǰһĵӣԿԻһԵ򵤵ʦƵƻ굤һš
ԣڳٵӽԶһ֪Ľɵʱɲһ˿
ǿǵʦƵҩмУ
ǰĵӣз߼ڡ
ĵӣһݲȱͼֵ޷ΪҪԼȥ̽Ѱ
ȱͼ
ڳһڵӶһ궯ЩҲ΢΢һ֮ǰǿҲû˵Ľһݲȱͼˡ
ǾһͼֲʲôܣǻԵأ
˵ĺһӾͱڴ
ڶĵӣһ鱦һ䵮ѩīеѪǾޱĪ⣬ӵŮżȻһٵá
ֶһöذըڳ˺ü
鱦
־ֵ֪εȲˣΪȱ޷ƣȫǴӻеѩīǧе޵ߺֹ򣬿ҲֻЩзܹӵС
Ů۾Ϊһᣬóһ鱦ȴֱʿǺĽ
ˣ˵ȫڴǵһܻĽ
ǻߵҲûڣֱ˴һĵӣԻһŮ۴˵ָ㡣
ܼ򵥵һ仰ƽɵڳ˶УȴкݺһвƵطһĨ
ʵָֻѣĿǳ֮ˣȻеʧͲ⡣
ֻڳЩһڳĵжôѵãжôֵ֮ҪԶԶһ鱦֮ϣ
ΪŮ۵ָ㣬Ůۣѩīǧף
ָܻ㣬ʦͽ֣֮Ѿʦͽ֣֮һ㣬һѩīʱ˸ȥСơ
ɱһ鱦ҪֲվһϵͬζţֻҪѩīУû˸ȥ㣬Ϊ͵Ůۣ
£˭㣿
ЩǣԶΪԼµӵܻһλᣬЩҲĪô
Ǵ˿̵ľҲЩƽû뵽Ů۾׳һ޷ܵˣ֪ˣǿ϶ΪԼЩμӵ׼ĸһЩ
ڳ֮УΨϫԵúƽȻҲϣ泻õһһԽ˻ᣬŮ۴̽һɽŮ洵顣
ǷܽŮ۵ıӶѩī˸ǣϫЩ
ףվǲѩīģҳҲҪ뿪ѩī򣬹ʶԴ˷úܵ
ϣߵŮࡣ
ͽǶˣǾ˵ţŮҡҷƮȻ˴֮⡣
ˡ
£һ使εѪǾޱ𳺵Ůз𣬻һƬӨӨƶ䣬ڳٿȻ˲֮ϣǿ֮¡
ڴˣ۾ͿԿƬϵǳܼ̺׳ޱȡ
棬ͷǡ
ŮһһӣһǿȻ۳һͨǿպڶԿо
ͬʱλҲǽһɫ򽻸˲Եĵǡ
ǽɫͣзӡһΰڲʱһΣգͻԶ飬ӴŲƳӶﵽĿġ
ⶫȤϫе֪ͣӡɬԶԼܹպͲ
ڣǵߺūһͨͨǱ߱Ǵ˴Եڡ
ŮĿһɨһڵӣָԶǿеͨ쿪ڡ
衭
һ£һ׵޺ٿȻ쳹ǿգһͷ޴ɽƵĻţ̤񿥷ǷǺˡ


1604 
ţ̤գ׳ء
һͷţڻ鱾ԴУޱȣ֮ǿԹڸǾͬޡ
һ֣ʱڳĿע⣬һ۸ߴڻţϣԱ߻һ˫ꡣ
Ȥڵ޼ɾȻһͷţ䵱ūȻǿĳǿ
˼Ц
һ£ϫҲǻȻջĿ⣬ţȻվֻж΢񾳵ͣҲһܶѡ
𡭡
ǻţһ֣ٴһһͷʮɸߴĺɫܺն֣ߡ
һСɽƤëڹԣ䱩壬һԵĿֲơ
ܣ
Ⱥٴһɧƥſһһգ˵ǿޱȡ
Ȼܱūˡ
һûǰϫˣǲһ˿⡣
֮ǰ泿Ҫһμᣬȴܵ½İٰѺ裬ԭǸûһ
һ̣ȻҲ˹½ĿⶼˣһĨķߺޡ
βϵ
Οߣ

ĵ̽ЯūǸֺ޺ݣ˳һһȻ
ҲУūĴȫǸߵģһսҲ԰߻Σգ߳вʱԵڻá
ֱ泽Լı۳ôʱֳԭȵնʱ̣
۳ã
˶۾һŵģһôЦ
ȻǱ۳õū죬ûɣսȺ
СǿСӿɰԴİɣ
ƣᣬһֻƵ⣬ֱԱ
۷׷ף٩мݸյʱǺ죬ЩΪ顣
½ࡢĿ⣬ŨŨϷζ泻һڡ
ͰͷСϾǾǿ֮ɫǺΪĻ飬ҲЩۺͳЦ޷ȡġ
һԵĳϫˣͷ泵ĵ֮ǿͣȷѰɱȣһּΪ׿ԽƷʣڻֲɵڵ;ϲǰʱİ֧š
ڴʱϫȻע⵽һĿⲻźۼشԼһĿ⼫Ϊأ翣óϫǵһʱһˡѩīŮۣ
ɵŤͷȥʱȴһϮۣȻɴ棬ңңԶĲ񷡣
ѵǴ
ϫҡҡͷٶ롣
ˡ
ڴʱǿ۵ŻУһɬ
ʼɣ
Ůۼˣڡ
ৣ
еԴˣԼߵĴ£Żзɳ۶ȥ
һѤĶݹƿնȥû˵ΨһʧȥȻƵġ
Ҳ߰ɡϫһԵЦЦ
š泺ݺݵͷ
ߡ
ϫӰһʹŲգգѳ뵽Ż֮ڣʧ

Ļ
ЩӵӰȫʧŻ֮ںŮԵĻ

ߵ˵ͷǿ֮ϣ̯ģ˵һֳһͭ
ৡ
һɲǼ䣬ڳһڴĿԶŲƹȥ˻еǱͭϣĿнԶƵطһĨޱȵĹ⡣
콣
ѩī籾Դеĵһ鱦Ҳѩīһ鱦
й񽣵Ĵ˵汾񽣵ȴûм
ΪһֱƿŮУŮԴ̤ѩīı֮󣬱δ˼֣ȻҲûܼʶ񽣵Ŀ
ΪһᣬŮ۾طԸ̴Ӽ񽣣ζʲô
ѵһỹвͬѰ壿
һڴĳ˼׷ɡ

ǿ£ǻֳͭһնһĲٿȻƬɢɲ֮䣬ͱ鲼ϵ
һ̣ƬϵǵϣԶֳһޱȾ޴ĹĻ縲ǵϵϵһж˺ֵͶӰ
Щϵϵ޵һҲӦĿˢˢ˲񷡣
ȻǾͿһƬϵͷתϧƾǵȴǸ޷忴ϵеһС
Щϵ޵ȴ֪ˣԶ
ĻѾˣ
ƺˣԵĵȡõĳɼͻһһĻ֮ϣ
죬εĻܲѰ񷣬иһ籾Դķ
ô࣬˵˭ܹȡõһ
ȻڵĹٺ𣡡
ҵǸо϶ѷпȡõһ
ˣ˴εľ߻۵ӡ
ĪҪˣǶֻǴߣμӵĵӣɶǣοŸտʼ˭ܱ֤вᷢһЩ⣿ǰĵȴžˡ
һ̣ÿһϣ·޵߽Զע˲ϣеĻҲΧչ
йش˴˭ȡõһΣǳΪŵû⡣
ͬʱǿ֮ϡ
һͨѾȫպϣŮۺһڴȴδ뿪Զƾϥԭء
š𣬵Ҳޱȡ
Ůۣ˴ᣬкβͬȻһ߿ѯʣڴīղּߡ
˻һ˽ԶҲͷɻ֮Ͼɾûд˴ʢ󣬵ǰĽͿƷһ˿ߡ
ټϴ˴δĻʱ콣Եô˴ͬѰˡ
◃ϵһЩط̫ƽ콣壬׳ֲ©
شĲŮۣԵλߣ棬ȴ֮Ǳ֪
˵ĻģɣϢģЩǵûн⿪ţˣ㲻«﾿ʲôҩ
Σ㻹ףΪ嗃ϵеգŮۼ콣֪кοɲˡ
һ룬ЩнԶһЩԼЩμԵĵӵǲѡ
λض룬콣ڣЩֻҪԹ£ݻ⵽֮֡
Ŀһɨˣֲһ䣬ڳЩŰĲ١
ϾǿԼӵܣһκβأ޷ܵġ
ʼˣ
ڴʱһȻڣԣʱĿˢˢԶǿȥ


1605 Ѫ
ͣ
һɫķ£ϯնиѣһɲǼ䣬ƬضмֽƬ
һȺжý绢һѪɫ˫
ٶ磬ɴʱգͷųķиǿȶ΢񾳵Ĺ
ǻ۳ȺƿɱһȺ΢Ҳûʲô
أأأ
ƬУһԲĻڶ𣬽ϫڱУЩײڹĻϣĺɽʯضиһĿĵѷ졣
Щնϣɵ˺кεȿ¡
ЩѪʵֵһɹ鷳ǳȺҪ˼ǣȥһһɱ
ϫɫƽзɿָ泡
Ϊߣֻȥߣֲܲߵж򼴱ɱЩޣҲȡòκγɼ
죬ͷʾס
ϾȻ֮ɫ磬侲۲ܵĶ޳˫УȻһɫս
ৣ
Ƭ̺泺ȻˣӰزãһƷ磬񽣹ЮһĨ򵴿գɱȥ
أ
һͷѪδüܣͱһĨݺն߲ѪϣƤͷѣŽһѪͨһڵϣʹ˻
ৣৣৣ
ɿͷѪô˻͵شԶɱ
һɲ¶һ˿ңæٽӲŷ׻
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һӱ᧿Σ
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ۼҪΧУϫȴ޶ԣɫֻ泡
Ůȱɱĥսʱļɿ죬ȴӲڱ棬ȱһɱȡ
ЩڤУҲδȴٲ뵽ɱ¾У֮泲ȱսɣȱĽһѪĥ¡
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ûãսеƵԽԽǱֻʣм֮ҪȺС
óϫ۾Ǿͷһ˿Ц⣬ѾʼһЩսˡ
Ȼһ̣һһˣ֮ǰǰηηţе͵һ𣬻ǧҫ۽Ӱɨȥ
ۣۣۣ
⧲֮£ͷ϶Ѫֱӱնʺͷ­׿գȻ飬Ѫ
ȻΪһһ๥ɱһͷ޺ݺײɣܵȴޣӰս
˲ôǵѪգӰڴһԾ𣬳ֽɱȥ
һ̵泣ȼս˻ͷɱɱȫԺκȫ뵽սС
óϫҲипǵļĺôȻ츳ƽӹɵļʯԽΣյĴܴ̼Ǳͱ
յ蹦ս߰ͷѪƲ⣬ȫ
ȾѪһƬأǺǵѪȣսУ԰ף亹͸Ŀȴޱȣ͸ŨŨϲá
ЩţԼȻԶɱô࿰ȶ΢񾳵ޡ
ϫЦļ򣬵ĲúϢһ£ÿһսҪĲǷɣץһʱ޸
泺ݺݵͷлǰһԻ
һ޳ϫԣȻ᷽ңȫܷӳսˮ׼
ϫЦЦûж˵ǿʼѼЩѪϵ޺ˡ
֮ǰ˽⵽Ϣֲޣ·֣һʵȶ΢񾳣һʵȶ񾳡
Ѫڶеһ֣ʵ൱Ѱ΢񾳡
ϫȤǣЩ޺֮ǰȫ֮ͬǰû˵Щ޵֡
ЩĲͬڣǵڣһӡ޺ˣ
ۣ
ϫ̧һץʹһѪʬһȭͷСͨӿӯӯѪɫԵƷ
޺ˣ̻ѪһıԴ
ϫϸһͷⶫֹ䵱ʹãҿԳ䵱䣬ʱԶõϣֵҲ㲻ˣԶԶ̸ϡ
ܵ˵Ѽ޺ˣҲһʾ˵ĲƸԶһ񾧣Զһˡ
ʮ߿ţ㲻ϫȡ޺ˣߵһ࣬ܳ
ӽһǿ֮һδ֪򣬻δü̽ʱܵЩѪͻȻ
˿ܣϫȴȻ֣ϣǸ޷κηλǲ֮ϵһǳ켣һڱ˰㡣
óϫüëһ޷ϷҪäĿǰУ
ϵ֪ܲжٿţһʧɻжա
һ鰡δ֪һвĥ޵ߵֶΡ
ϫ˼
ˡ
ڴʱǲ֮ϣȻһĲһӲӵҫ۵ǣٿȻ񷡣
ڣһɱޣ֮У
ͬʱһ޸鲨쳹
һֹ̣ǳϫ˴βμӵܣԼƬÿϵ޵ǣǽһһȻ
īղѣڹȻ˲űǿУһ߸п
ǿȶĴڣŸտʼɱһͷޣɼ츳սǺεȳһڴҲ׷׸п
īղЦλˣŸտʼճɾΣɻ˵ء
ڳ֮УΨŮۺߵĻɫƽĿԶԶƶΧһлȻ

ǹٺʦã˵Ĵ֮壬츳ڸȺףȻܹԶ΢Ϊôʱɱһͷȶ񾳵ޣ˾ȡ
ʱҲӴһУҲһĨ塣
ϫԴȴǲ޶ٸоڶ΢ʱֹɱһĶڣһ׷ɱԲԴжྪˡ
Ҳץʱжɣֻµʱ䣬ȡܻһˡϫ
š泵ͷ
ϫĿһɨ˲һĸ֪Уݴ֮һƬԭϣݷһȺ¹¹ͨӲӣƵޡ
Ща¹ϰͷʵ൱ڶ΢񾳣ǡԽһĥ泵ս


1606 ǽ
أ
һĨ亮⣬ɨ£һͷ¹һնΪѪٷȾ͸񷡣
泴ڴϢڲҪ͸֧
ʱһֱںͰ¹Ⱥս˲֪ˣ˲֪Σգֱʱܹϰͷİ¹ȫɱԼеǿ
һսʮߴΣ˶ʮΣҲζѾʮߴΡ
ϫߣһ˹ȥҶսʱ¶һЩȱݵָ㡣
лǰ
泽Сûٹȥ˼ϥʼȫ޸ơ
ϫʼսȡ¹ʬе޺ˡ
ڵĥϣڳϫľƿ£ѾγһĬϫѰٺȷɱĿ꣬һбжս
һֹ泻ȡԳɾͣɱĹУҲһѵõĥ¡

֪ҹĻ١
ϫüëһ泣ҹĻˣСĶ
˵ţʩչʱŲƣ泱ʧԭء
ҹĻˣ

ҹɫ£ڣ߸ʱȺħ衢գ񶼲ò䣡
죬ж
һ̣ϵУֲڸĲӵܽԶֹͣж׷׿ʼ䣬ûһ˸Ҵ⡣
ԵĹء
ҪǣҹĻµУҲֲģڴˣò
û֪Ϊʲô
Ҳû֪ҹĻ֮£Ŷֲķա

ҹĻˡ
ǿУŮٿȻ峺ԶһƬī֭ĺɫȻӗϵÿһĲϡ
һ̣һڴҲȻ¶ؾ֮ɫ

ﵽȾ磬ܸ֪ĶȻѰ޵߲һ
˿̣һĨīҹɫɢһԵĿֲɭȻϢҲ
һϢ̫ɭȻļµζһеħӳ˯һ㡣
ǣ
ѵģ
ǽ𣿡
һڴĲɫ粻Լ֪ΪŮҪѴ˴εѡ◃ϵˡ
ǽһڻеױɱ¾аϣ
УǽѩīԴǵ񱦣ԴһĨ
һһ壬Ϊǡˮݣа
ⰢǽĴ◃ϵ֮Уǿɾͺˣȥֻ»ѩī䶯ɡ
¡
һУŮƻȻֻԶīҹɫԵĻ
һϮۣͷڣɴԼ޳Ӱǿ£һ
һԵĻĬĬͷ϶ƽ۾ӳǿīҹâӿ

һ᫵ıɽС
ھϾ֮ɫ
ϫȴɽ֮ǰ˫ָңңڲ񷣬һϮҹ졣
ҹһ˿ףٳ޷붨ʶҹҪݳһЩԴڡ
ҹɫŨκεǹ⣬ؼһƬڰڵļ¡
ԶɽУһѪ޺īĺڰԵˡ
ҹɫ֮µϢǲٰܰţǧаģĲȣֻ·ǱϢ֮˵߻ħɡ
ϫü˼ǿƵĺоǻ۵Ĺ
ಡ
ڴʱһʢ⻮Ʋ񷣬ӳīҹĻУɢ
һɲǼ䣬ͷһĿľҹĻд󿪣ϱߺȻӳֳһ֡
ȡ޺ö޺˶پʮöһ
ȡ޺ö޺һʮöڶ
죬ȡ޺ö޺һʮö

һȻԵӳ֣£һٸŴ˴βĵ׿Խһڡ
͵ģɱһͷޣ֪˴βԵӵܣ츳սǺε֮
ӻûܽλϣֱ̭ġ
ڣǵһٸֺ󷽣Ȼע̭Ŀʮˣ
֮Ὺʼĵһ죬Ѿٶӱֱ̭֣ζò
һ֣Ƭϵ޵ע⣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳ۲ѣǰʮĵӣܵĿΪŵĻ
ǿ֮ϣЩͬ޷ףҪôעǰʮ֮ϣҪôעԼҵϡ
԰˵һһ޷Σɴ̶ʱı֮УԿһЩӵˣϷ˴ǰĵӣǰʮеһЦſڣǴϹŶţһλõ񾳴ڣڴ֮ǰѾܶδ
ŵѴԲҿǰĽ𣬱Ȼ֮ᷢ䡣һ°׷ȣ߳
۵һλ񾳳ϣ£ߣѩīǧжǺպ
˻ףҿǰʮӵܽпܽǰ֮ΡڵĴīղҡͷͬµĹ۵㡣
ҲǷ׷׿ڣۣ޷ɹʶȴԶΪǰʮӵܣϣȥյǰΡ
ôȻϹŶŽĿתŮߵĻϡ
ԣҲǰĿɨڳ֮УɵŮ߷Ȩα档
ֻŮߵһūʵȴɲ⣬ڳЩҲǲҵ
˵ЩΪʱ磬Ϸû취¶ۡҡҡͷ
һڴв΢΢ЩʧǿɶǶԼҵӵı۵ġ
棬׼֡ȻһֱĬԵŮٿȻ̧ͷˮһĨ磬ɨϵ
һԶ̧ͷȥ
¡
ڴʱǗϵ͵زһɾҵĺǺನʵʣɲǼɢϵ
һıаϢٿȻڳЩжסһɫȻá
˺£
ͬʱвеҲһëȻ类һħסһ㡣

ȻУһĨڤڤǻҹĽٿȻӗϵ𣬳ǲϵġ԰񵥡նɱȥ
һ̣ʱնͣؾγͬϵɲǼ֮УΨһĨɫ䣡
ںһϣ׹ߣһĨֲ̫ǵĶ¶Ҫѳֲס
ǣ
ϫбһĨ磬ɫɲǼޱȣһ̣ҲǸܵһв
ϣ
һĨɫڿյһɲǣһƵĽٿȻ쳹ɢһ峺ĽҲǳ𣬺ǻɫӲײһ
һ̣ǺȻҡ


1607 ֮
һĨǽһĨɫƬҹĻϽ棬ҵ⣬ɢ˷
һĻ޵ע⵽ڣ׹ߣǵȽ̫ˣĲƵһĨ־塣
ǽ
ǿ֮ϣһڴǽԶʧȻԤǰ㣬Ǵеѩīһױ◃ϵ
Ů۴ˣҪĲĿһŮۡ
ƻȻ˫ָ޳ѩ׶쾱̧һؼ䣬ԣңңԶսһϮڷҡҷճԼߡ
ԣ绯ѩɱӿ⣬ֳ񽣣ն

һɫӿգգǳһֲ˼ٶȳɱȥֱҪǗϵնɱٵ
ͬʱԶėϵһɫҲǷӿֱ֣ײƿɲӵл֮
գЩɫαɫѹƣϱ飬Ȼɢ
ֱյ蹦ɫݷϢȥƵ֮Ҳ֮һлָƽ
ϣ
һ񽣣ϵ͵طһɳ֮ɫһ˲ɷޱȣգʱ䣬ʣЩήҲü価ڲסƣ֮ɫ
ˡŮ
ҡͷЩźֻūǳûܰƳ
ǻкܶᡣŮ۵Ȼо
һڴˣһͬʱֽסľףŮǴͬʱһٽǰǽҲˣ

ɽǰϫտտǿڷ⡣
ǿ񱦣
֮ǰĿ˲ϵһУڽ棬һһǣ죬
ֱʱսؼȴأನɢǱĽܣһһǣ֮ɽ𣬴عѣʱΪ֮ңס
ôѵŮ۾ٰ˴ᣬĿĲɣ
ϫü

ڴʱһɻǲϸɫâٿȻԶϯδִһаɭѪϢ
һĨɫ֮ĺâ
ϫһݣһץϵһڿն𣬲ʱȻеĲ͵һһֽƵ궯ͺҰᵽѪȡ
ţ
ϫ΢΢һ
ݣ
һɲһĨεԴӳһӨӨٿȻͽХĻɫâ

Щɫâ԰ǽ̺ŷɥĿֲа֮һĨӨӨ£Щɫâȴ˾ϸһԼȡһա
ϫһ𣬲Ȼڼȡѵǰϣ
ڵִĩ֮ʱ򣬲ͱѹƵ͵㣬³תΪޣȫ޷ϫս
֮ĩ֮󣬲Ϊ˼߰Ĵڣʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ɴʱѱϫҪıڴ˿̲춯׾ٱ㽫һĨɫâȡóϫʱʶƺпܳΪɱһ
ʼȻͿڼȡһĨɫâһ˿΢ı仯֦ͨҶ֮УһƲײԹȻ䰵վһֱ仯
Ȼһ˿΢ı仯ǻɫâ
ܼȡ㹻ֻпòɱˡǣΪβԴΪϣ
ϫзɿݣܷɱ䣬ԺսʱԼͲΪݽ߶Ӷװսʱ
û뵽һᣬԼȻԵΣҲһҪץסˡ
ϫһĿһĨᶨ
֮Уչġ԰񵥡֪ʱѾʧܿ죬īҹɫƳˮɢȥ
һĨ⣬
ɫһֽʼ
泴ӴŮĻָΪˣԭ򵹲츳жãļʱױһĵز
оΣϫŤͷ泣ʵ
ǰҺȻֱ֣죬ҷųսİڣǡԶԶش
ϫ˵ͷǾץʱȥ԰ɡ

ļ죬ϫ泺ɨ̾һȺһȺޣѪɱУ泵սҲǵõĥʱʱ̶̿ڲű仯
һΪļᶨ̿ŬĽһҲΪгϫһָ㡣
УҲǻ˴޺ˣϧֱʱȴǲδһͷʵﵽ񾳵ޡ
սֶΣȥɱЩѾѵõһ죬ϫŴӴ泵
ǰ˼Ҫȥɱʵôʵ
ҹʵѾԺѰĶһսȻʤĻἫΪãͨǿʵѹȣȴǿսֶνһõϫ˵ͷ
ǰģ泲޵ǣЩ˷ܣ⼸жȻʱһĴÿһʤ֮󣬶оԼɱһһ
ֲϱǿĸоϲĿܻȥܾˡ
գѿˣսܲգ
ǺãǾ뿪򡣡ϫˣ
ʱҹĻڴ˸ֳһչġ԰񵥡
ǰģ죬ǰʮӵҲδ仯
仯ǰʮΣʮ⣬һڵ֣춼¾ɽ棬д˱ɼһǺ֮ҡ
ͬһҲǲпģŽǵʱ䣬̭ϣѾһǧӳ֣
泵δǡ԰񵥡ϣЩ̭ӵܣҲˡ
ֻǰһȻҪܳ·Ҫߡ
ܿ죬ҹĻڴһǡаɭȻϢһɫڿգնɱǲϵġ԰񵥡
⣬ɫҲٴγ֣һνɫĹܡ
ÿһҹᷢһĻ
ϫ㲻⾿ζʲôûͣЪˣÿʱȥѰЩĻɫâȻͨȥȡ
źǣȻƣĿվ̫٣ԶԶ޷ɱ
뿪򣬾ͳһɫĵطȻգΪ˲ɱ䣬Ҳòƴһˡ
ҹɫ£ԣǣϫȻԶ񷣬о˼֮ɫ


1608 ޷
һŻܲϣһƬ̮Ϸ棬紵ɳϯ
ৣৣ
ݹƿն֣ӳֳӰǳϫ泡
ҪСˣϷֲŲǿϢֹޣкܶԵӵܡ
ϫĿһɨӴ־ɨɲ֮ʹжϳϵ״
һݣĬĬͷ
ǧ֮⣬ݷһͷȶޣϢǿԳ֮֡
ϫܣܿƾǿסһͷޡ
ϣ
泽Լĵ񽣼һɲǼͽս״̬üһƬɱζ
ߡ
ϫˣɣһӣʧԭء

һƬ棬ϽӡŰ߲ºۼ
ЩϲƵĽȺǺʱ޽ڴˣ־ǺʱΪķ档
֮ǰܾͬӹ飬񣬰׾ԲԹһжΪꡣ
֣
ϫԣָԶ棬³֡

δ£һĨɱ˫ЮųʢĽб
˺ʱա
ݺնǷ档
أ
ɻδȽ£Ƿ֮УʯȻ飬һɫƥ͵سһ׽һĨۻ
һͷߣĿɭȻӵˮͰܲƣƸУɺ췢⣬ͷųײйĿϢ
޷ţ
У˻Ӥ𣬿ɷɽ󺣣ۻ
ǰͷţҪɲǻɢϢͽԲ֮ڵʱշաﻯɻңΪ¶Ť
֮䣬۽֮һ
ͷԱŭЮԻ棬һƥ泺ݺݳɱ
˾գֱҪǬ
һɲǼ䣬泻ӲɷףüһĨȻƺƾ˲һ˿ֿͷ
Ǻεȿɲ飡
ֻսʱһѹͱȵ޲ߣ޷
һ£ףԼͶ֮źε֮Ĳࡣ
䣡
ֲϯǵȸ£ֱܽۻΪ֭Һһɲǣ泶оԼɡ
ɾҪͷֻ½ץסһΰϯ˲Ϣߡ
ԶԶأǷŭʵľŭ𣬴˶Ĥ
κ
һʴصɽǰƮųϫƽ侲
Ͷս޾壬ȫԸ֮ǰ³ˣƲ⣬ӣʮַһ
أԲһ˿¶ϫƽĻвԾҲǱϫԼʽ⾭顣
յ蹦
ϫʵоΣ
ɫƽȼһĨսͷǰԸһս
ϫͷĲᶨֻ֮ѹ±ˣûС
Ů֮ͣϫס̾ҲͶԷ

¡¡
峿Ƭж϶쳹һһսδͣЪ
ϼӳϣһĨᶨʥĹ
ѾҪľɫɷף亹͸񽣵ƿƲס΢΢
Լʧ˶ٴΣ˶ٴεΣֻ֪ÿһʧܺԼһ˿սʤԷĿܣԼԺиԹ洦
ԣһ·ҧδ
սŰܣ
£
Ѫĥ£ˮֵİ츳ƽӹҲעƽˡ
УϫһֱػߵĽɫÿգΪսֶε©֮
У˿̵泣һֻŬƼ룬ҪĲӼҲЩڴŮԺĵ;ߵһˡ
أ
ڴ˱ܣڳϫҪ뿪ϢʱǷžȻһŭµŭӰһԶԶӶݶȥ
ʵ̫ˣ
ÿҪɱԷʱͱ˴ߣûãֳɱѭֱûˣ
ô֮޷ҲǲըͬʱȴԳϫһɼȵĿ־壬ʵ̫ɲ֣Լֻ类ɱ
ԣջȻȻˣ
ӣ
ϫüѿò˶ãƾյļܣɱͷţ֮԰첻һ̫
ԳϫѴ㣬泳׻ָ״̬һٽͷɱԷȻˣϫĿܻӦˡ
ৣ
ǷӶݵһɲǣϫҲӰһԷ׷ȥ
ѣίˣǹԹ°ɣϫ̽һƣԣֶȥ

ۼһҪ׷·ɾڴʱһɼƿХȻ֡

һ˺ʱգһֲ˼ĿֲٶȳǷűɱ
óϫɫʱһҪû٣
䣡
һӣͷųһԣ¡һһӲը飬ǷҲӹһ١

ɻȳϫڴ˳֣Զ͵һܼޱȵļХ
̫
ϫһͷҲأ̽һץһǯסһɫӡƣȣض׶ʱա
˦һף¡һɫԣٶȱ֮ǰ˲ֹһ貳ʢһɱȥ
أ
һ죬һӰˣѪһ꣬д󹭱飬ˡ
ȻһԵӵܣǿ󣬵˳ϫֹһ
ϧ˴γֵģֹˣϫץסһɻһܼ
ͬ˷ʹôʱû١
ΪϫŭǣһȻǳһɱȥ
գϫֻܷͷţӰһǰһй⡣
ۣ
ͬʱͷűһ͸Ѫˮ䣬һ˻֮󣬱е
ɱһͷ
ϲϲ
ɻҪлλ
һЦԶ
ϫĿ磬ȥͿʮŮһвԵӵܣҲǵߺū
ͨǵսַͶԻõóϫҲжϳԷԴеӵܡ
Ҳڤڴ˴βμԵĶֹһοĶӵܱȻˡ
ЩˣȻ޼ɵǿɱҲˡϫɫ䣬Ťͷɫͬ泵뿪
뿪һ㶣Щʲ
ԣǼȻ㲻ҪǾǺúһ棡ϫƽһĨâһš
ףϫǴ̣мƻ
վס
ڳϫ泴뿪ʱһȻ쳹͸ǿӲ̬ȡ
ϫüɫȴƽޱ飬ͲԷ泱ߡ
ˣǵˣһ֮һٴ𣬰һɫƿճϫɱƣǡ


1609 
ƿգЮҫ۵â֮ǰһɲԼ䣬һ߾øڼܣǵХ
ϫɫһױŭ
ৣ
ҲʧԭأصһһȻһֲ˼ٶǰ
˷ӦҲʵףٿȻſһһԼâ
ϫȴǿҲһȭ
¡
һ죬һϫӲԷˣϿѪͷ֪˶ٸ
죬Ҫ˵ʲô˵һ첨ӿһɿֲʱֱ֮Юߣʧ
Я飬ǿ̭֣һѣ򵥵һܹ⡣
Ȼѻȸһɫ䣬û뵽ǵͬô׾ͱˡ
泸۾Ҳţһ·Լշмӵǰʵ˿ɲˡ
Ҫ𣿡ϫĿ䣬ɨˡ
ӦбϫĿɨеĴӵܣԶһ类иֲ
ϫɱһڣҪô˻Щ˶̭ɾڴʱкӦĿⲻ⳯Զһɨ㼴ɫջĿ⡣
ξһΣһпɻûϫȻ仰ƮȻȥ
ϫһߣظŷѱ亹ʪϲѿޱȡ
һʵǿӿǶ񣬵ȴһ̭֣һģǴҲֻдӺͶˡ
ӷԸ˵ǳô˻ὫӵϸǺηʥڡֻ¸첻ˡ
ˣϢӣһᣬǻǰ԰ɣֵֻԽܹһƻ񵤡
һ̸

һȻز¶˴ԴпֲܻСı
ͬʱھ˴սԶһɽУһ긧°ͣ˼
ݿüʣĶţȻһ̳ѩīĸʢĹٺ
ʦ֣ôһԣһһϮˮȹѣ羲Ůڣü֮䴹һöʯӳĵľ
˳ƺٺģȻˡ
ЩжУһֱռһδԽд˱֪츳սεȳ
֮ٺãҡͷЦҿ͸
һ£ʱԾʼǳϫ
ٺ˭ǿڵĽеĶк֮ͽƺΪѩī񾳵һˡ
˵͸Է֪ʵжĪˡ
ǣҼǵǸ泵ڵӣδ԰ǰһٵаૣЩѽ⣬ȻΪĲ߻˲ǿ⣿
ٺƽΪʼգδְŮһΣǾˡ˵⣬첻ԡ
ˣסЦ˻ظȻչأ߲ܰɱĿ꣬ȴĿ꣬ɵֽ
һĶŵĹٺȻɫüⲢЦ˵İֻһʱģΪǿߣֻԼȥŬ⣬ҲŮ۴˾ٰĺڡ
˶٣ȻЩɺ̾ϢϧӶ˼λκͽϣЩĩˡ
Цݣʦ֣ѵǡ
ٺ𴽽ǷһĨΣͺãϧеЩҲ͸ĿЩϣЩӵģҲֻˡ
죬ʦ֡
ض˵ֻҪĥµͺˡ
ٺЦĶԷ򣬵ˣҲóˣҪɱޣֻȥϵˡ

ǰղΪҪŹЩɶĻ쵰
һԿţβȷ˶֡
˭
ٺ𡣡
ȻòỳЩ쵰һİɣ
֮Ĳɡ
ղϫ泼ٷɳۡ
ǰǽȥʵ
ҲǼȻԸûٵϷԲˡϫȻ
泶ʱˣϫʼնδʹ˷ŹЩ֮
вһ˷ܣ֮ǰҲΪۼò׾ɱһͷޣȴԷһȺ˳û٣˭ܲˡ
ԣҪúǣ泺ݺݵͷ
ڵĵӿɱǰˡϫ٩һ䡣
泶ʱϷ˼ͷǰڣҿɲ˷ġ
ϫЦҿû˼߰ɣжʱֻûɱ޾ͺˡ

ʮ֣ҹɫҪ١
һˣСһƬޱȵӣħݷ֮ء
ħ㣬һ̫֣ƥݶѪ׹Ϊ
ƬУݷͷħ㣬ÿһͷӵж񾳵ʵҲвٶߣͲҿ˵һ
ϫԶһʯӰУʩչ֮ϢȫڱΣȫݱ
ܿ죬սбһ˵ϢͷͨţƵĹбƱŰͷųڹԣǧ󶼽ҡ
һߴɢγɰΧ֮״ͷħΧ
ЩӣԴз˷ֻܹͷħ˴ặȻ֣׽Է
¡
սңκһͷ㷢һͷ­飬ʹ񣬼ɱҪӴܻ
ϫĬĬսеһУδż֡
ʱЩ߳ȴ׷չȫɱƬ̺ٴشͷħ㡣
׼֣һŤͷȡ
ѣȲѪڷڣֻҪɱͷħ㣬һԾǰһ֮ˡ
λα´øǣȻŤͷͬٴŵ
ޱȴѣ֮ǰѴӦҲֻ̰ܰ
ˣд󶨣־Ħȭơ
֣Ǵٴ
Ѵһܵ𲽾ͳ壬ͷħʧȥԿ֮˴ֻ貹һ
Ȼո𲽣Ȼһ쾪Ȼը죬ƿξ˺쳹˻ϡ
ҰУһĽһֲ˼ٶȣݿǣ¡¡ϯ
ǽֲ̫ͻأǣӲЩΧγɵķƿһȱڡ
ͬʱһĨལӹ׼ޱȵĽͷħͷ­еѪе


1610 
Ѫء
ͷħʬأе
һĻ̫죬Щ˽Զֲ鶼Щ͡
ѻȸ
һޱȵΧԣȴĹؼʱ̹ܴɣɫ˲Ťһţޱȡ
Ŀ죬ԶҧǸСӣ
ȥͿԶһӰУȻվһͦӰ
Ȼ
һڴϵӵɫҲǱޱȣѾʶһڱ
ϫˣԴ¶һĨȻЦݣǻ˻֣תȥ
Ϊŭʣ׷ɱˣ
ȫ׷ȥٶһȴ͵ӰһͣԭߵĳϫȻתǷһ˿ŪĻȡ
ৡ
һĨɱ
˷Ӧν죬ɾͼ񱦣ӲһĨ飬˭֪ڴʱͷһ˿춯͵һͷã
ৣ
һĨޱȵνƾնݺն£۵һѪɽһֻϱۺշ
һʱղϵ飬ǿƴߣ̭֣
һɲǼѣһλͳװܱ
⼸ں󷽿һĻæܣϫѴ泴Ųƶȥ
ǲǾ֣ȫû뵽һļһȻҺǴԣһֱڣѾλһУ
Է˭
Ϊʲô޼ɵضԿǴϣѵͲˣ
ֹӵɫҲ粻ŭѡ
ԽܵǣܵðǾԷݺ
ֱڽͷϺȻһ·䲻һƣǴֲָеޱȵ߷ߡ
һʵӹɺǿǵȽҵȿɱȣֻѷӲܶԸһһǿ԰зŭڡ
۵㣬õ˲Ͽɣ֮ǰһܰЩ߱ܣɲ˭ܹ쵽ġ
ټϣǼһɲ֮䣬̭ǿߣҲòϣƾǸǼһĶˡ
ѵˣĪⲽαɱͷĿ꣬ȴգʵʲ
ԱһȰӣֻһԶѣȽ֮еǰ취Ը
Ҳİڿն쳤Х
Ȼڿգ߲æӣСһЩС쳣ƻ˵ɱһǹ
ߣץʱߣɱȻЦδ£͵һƾն£৵һݺɱ
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬ŵòҺһɳƵֱӴӰ׹
ã
ľæҪǣһĨһ֣صһըһ֣Ҳ
һĻɫʱþޱȣĶȻŪǣֱܶˣ
ͨڵأһӻҳûʹȥҧһҪɱ㣬һ
æܹӣССӻڸ
ɫһͣʱŵñ죬Ť࣬ڶ¡
һԴǳ׺ȥˣڴ˵أֻԽԽˣ̳ȥͶǻϰɡ
Ļ̵̻һĻһ߽ס̾Ϣ

һȺ˰ȻˡԶϫŻݹȥĴˣҡҡͷ
ǰղſǽһЦտȻʯƵﾡǻϲ
ʵΪңֻҲˡϫЦЦԺȴһ¡
ΪΣ
Ϊ֮ǰɱ˴ϲˣǲҵݣҿ֮ǰľٶ˵ǳû٣˵̽ҵݡϫȻĺӿĹ
żȻһеɺ֮УȻǧ˿ƵĹϵЩӵܵľٶóϫȻʶһ⣬ѿʼԼݲˡ
泴һЩţϿѩīպö鲼Ȩ졣
ɳϫȴ˵֮ǰɱ˴ϲӵܣɵǳ׵˴ϣβ˳Ծ
ǰΪҪЩ泽סʵ
ֻ׼һεᣬпܻΪң㱻˳ӡϫֱ泣Ǻڡ
˵꣬ͱ泴ϣһᶨǰҴӲڣҲȻûнյ泡
ϫҪ㼫пûл᷵ڤˡ
СЦͲˡ
ϫҲЦˣȴΪпС˵ɣʵһκ˶ԣνҪȴܺԥϣóϫʱΣҲҪǰŮӮȡһҫˣ

죬ϫݺϣԣҹ޴κβ
ѪȶʵжУҲǲԶȥɱȶ񾳵ޡ
϶ԣЩ޵ʵôǿֻǿﵽѰǿߵı׼
Ҳû취ʱվ̫̣泵츳ޣܹɱ䵽ȵز羳ɱ֣ѳƵ컯ˡ
ǰԼгһվȻһ
ڣԴеһµʱ泵԰ǰһ֮У
ڤڵ泣նɱ޾ͷ޶پʮͷλеһ
泵ĳɼڴ˴УƵҫˡ
Ͼ˴УǻѩīǧһμӵܣĿΪӴ󣬶ܹһʱУͨԼŬսһһ֮УԺˡ
ʱԼЩˣɫǾϲǻ㱣ϫĿг˸м޾ĳ羴
һԼһ˰쵽ģûгϫһԻָ㣬ϲܻý֮ɾˡ
ڳϫǰʮĲʵ̫ȫ޷Աȡ
ʮģڵһλӣʯᣬǰɼɱʮͷһǧͷ
Աȣɱ޵Ŀ泵İ˱ࡣ
ֻǵʮĳɼ
ǰĵӶԱȣ໹Ҫ
ߣطѾϡޱȣҪǰʮ֮Уֻϵж
һҹɫȥϫȻڣ뿪
ǰʮ泴סˡ
ʲô𣿡ϫʣƽдһ˵һѰ顣
кݺһæҡͷûû
ǾͳϫЦЦһӣ˲ʧԭء
û뵽λǰҲôԵƫƫᣬĸŮӻľܾءаֹ


1611 
ʱƣľҲң˴֮Ĳ࣬ҲڲϵСĪ⡣
ɼǰʮĵӣԿʼ񣬱䶯ķȴСµ׳֡
ǰʮĵӣ֮дСȴδκʵʱ仯
ͺñǰ죬ȡõĳɼȴڲϰθߣ֮ĵӵĳɼҪڽһʱгԽ֮еκһΪ˲ܵ顣

ԽˣѾһµʱ䣬ǰңңȣ˿յǰȻλˡ
ǿϣڵĴīղЦ۵㼸õǵһͬ
Խ񣬵죬նɱ޵ĿѾԶԶ˵࣬࣬һ֮ƺûڳԽĿܡ
Щǹĵǣǰ죬˭ȡյĵһ
ߣʵҿεᣬ˵Щ֮ľ˵Ǹ֮ľ
Ȼڵһλ߿ڣдһ˿ˣ˶ԿƾǸԵսǶ޷ȡȽ˳ɼġ
˻һɫԶ΢
ڵīղ۵³ϣϹŶŵĿЩ䡣
óζȻ˵ȡȳɼΪйٺӡѷһ콾
Ȼʵ飬ɵ汻˵ƣ˸еǲ
٣ɲô˵۴˴βμԵӵܣĸûߵİ
īղȻЦǹأڶԴ˲⣬ڲμ֮ǰҲҲΪԼӵǲһλ
ڵĳԣõֻڲһʵѣϷͲţ˴βӵȡĳɾУȫߵĹͣ
˻һ˽ԶȻҡͷϼһڽ氡ΪԼӵûǰЩܻˡ
ɳԲ˴εȷûн֮ǰ֮С
ڴʱһֱĬԵŮۺȻڣȫԶһЩš
Ȼ˲ߵսһɱǰģ
̲סʳŮ۴ˣӵ˭
ǸոһСŮ˵һ䣬㽫һˮ㵭Ȼ˗ϵҹĻֽ٣񽣺ͰǽĽ潫ٴݡ
ϧֱδܿǽϣ
泣
ȻǸС
´ѣСƺڤڰɣ˲ܵŮ۴׿ɼС츳ȻҲѰ֮
ǰ´ѣڤαֿ㹻ҫ۵ģǰ֮Уϲɺء
һڴϳ泵֮󣬽ԶĿһλۻҷϡ
ڤڵһλϣ´λԣҪһЩɴʱȴΪĿ㡣
ЩĿоĽлɣϾڤֻѩīǧһһɶѣѩīϰټ֮࣬⻹Щ
񣬾һУȴǰȻ˸еЩ
ϾڡϡۡڡЩѩī򶥼УŲöǰѡ
´ԼҲ֣ͬ泣Լô֪лһӵܣ
ɲֻһӶѣڤڵλߣĿܼǵסһŵӵ֡
ţ´ȴǫЦλѹˣҶѣҶѡ
ͬʱаԾȻȥһҪúòһ飬泾˭ӵˣǻδʦһҪΪԼˣ
źǣЩǣ´Զȡɾͣһ˹û

ǿ۷׷ףڸʱ̹עһ޵ߣͬǰϵÿһӵܡ
ʣѾΪ˹ϵŶ
ڴˣܹעĳ̶ȣҪ̫ˡ

ҹɫī
ǽ񽣵棬ٴҹϣѾµʮηѶԴ˲еʡ
ΪǺյսȻǰǽݷ
ΨϫȴһĽУõ˲ٺô
ȻԽǿϵֹܹɱԽ࣬һܲ񵽸İɱ䡣
ҹɫ£ϫ˼
ʱ䣬ҲߵĿ˽⵽Ǻҹҹսģǵѩīеĵһױǽ
ȻŮ۴˴ξٰᣬһĿıΪ˽ǽ
ϫ԰ǽʲôǷ֮룬԰ǽͷŵİȴΪȤ
ΪɱȫǱշ
֮Ⱒȫܹʹɱķϡ
ʱ䣬ϫԴ֪һ㣬ҹչжץסκλȥѰЩİǽȥȡɱ䡣
ֱ񣬲Ѿ仯ͨӨӨ֦ҶΣҡƮһƵԹ
֦ҶϣһƼΪǳ֮ƣʥء
ȱ仯ĺôǣΪϫṩٶԼӿ죬ĿҲ÷ࡣ
仹޷񾧣ɽ֮仯Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҪǣֻǲĳɱѣҲóϫڴɱɹʱܷӳεȾ˵ã

ԼС
ʱУϫ泲ɱޣϵ
УҲǲеӱֱ̭Դеĵʮ죬ȻԵĵӣѾֻʣ²ˡ
ֱ֮ʱѾǧӵܱ̭
ֿɣɱȴһѩīǧµӵܣȴڴỹδʱͱ̭֣֪Ǻε֮ҡ
ֵһǣʱУ泵һֱһλϣδϽһȴδԽˣֿƼͦ
ʣʮʱ䣬ɱȴŲٲֻֽ̣࣬µȴʱҲ޷ɱɹˡ
һϣϫ뵽˼С
Ұָ㶨ޣ㸺ɱԷգһ泡
ֹֻܰСǰʮ֮УԼҲԼǰϵΪɱ䲫һԵ
ԴһȻû뵽ϫһҪ֪֮ǰϫǴӲԸ޵ġ
գǺԥشӦˣΪγϫ㹻ˡ
ͬʱǿУŮۺȻüڣ棬ֻʣʮˣǱץʱˡ


1612 ȵ
̿ããƽԭϣһȺɽëơĽ۾ڿ񱼣ףء
۾ԣһֽ̫֣ԣɣɴʱձǿ֮ϣ鱩ңΪ
һȺ۾ϰͷ֮࣬Ϊ׵һͷ۾ӣƽԭϿ񱼺Хƺƴһ·ӵܼˣԶ׷ܣâ
һȺ޿ֻж΢ΪΪ׵Ľ۾ȴǿɲ֮
޲ֹʵѴﵽĵزһ֮УһЩ첻ӵܶսԶ飬ҵģǱ̭֣һɹ
д˿ɼ۾ͺ֮ԶѰ޿ɱȡ
Ȼ
һһͻͽԲ£ɣϣ嫺ϯһǽ۾Ⱥǰ
ͬʱһεӰ潣
ȺʱңΪǽ۾͵һ˻ûκ̤ʱգ¡һһӰݺײȥ
ǰЩӣƾ˵ȿҰķʽ̭ʮߣһΣܹͬǱ΢ļһ̭
Ψһջǣÿһɹ֮ȴ޷ɵЩһ꣬жʱŭڣҲֲ
죬ȻмһҪɱͷбϣ
ֽһλ̭߱ˡ
ԶһЩע⵽һĻԶס۾򾪲ֻ
ৣ
ɾڴʱǵҰУһĨâȻէ֣貳ʢ̵۾۲ѡ
ɽһɲһĨâʧ
Ȼ˾ͿһӰԭأһͷ۾ȴѳ嵽һӰ󷽡
ŭڿ񱼡
ѵǼһ㿪һ
ɻ󣬿ɾڴʱͫȻɫͣҰУȻǽ۾ͨһ֫ϣѪڵأӲҳһӡ
𡭡
ʹޱȵ˻ȴ޷
ۣ
ҲڴʱһٻӰ֣һɱ£ǽ۾ͷ­һһѪױе

ѪˮأԴӽ۾ʬб䣬Ⱦ񷣬Щ۾ȺˣȻң˻ų˷Ӵܡ
Զ˼ˣԶԲš
һ֮£ն۾ֻ㣬䳹ɥʧս
۴˴βμԴ֮У˹ٺӡѷˣ˭ܹ쵽һ㣿
һ˭
ѵҲĳе̳
̲סϸȥȴֻһεӰһŮƮȻȥʧããؼ䡣
ˣ˶ʱը׷
Ǽһ﾿˭ÿֲĽΪ
ûҲû˵ҺϵǸŮڱʱʾڤڣ泡
ڤڣ泣Ǻηʥ
飡һ飬Ȼ˵͵һǲǺֱ󡣡

һ쿪ʼ鼸춼ڷš
ϫչɱ¾ϳϵϣֻҪϫϵޣ޲˴泽ո
˾һ·ǰУһ˶֣һոЧ֮ߣٶ֮죬һƵģ֮ңݿࡣ
һ·ĿһĻĻĲӵܣ򶼲ɱκˣڳϫǸɴ䡢˫սַ
йسϫ泵ۣһ·ѳΪһ羰ߣδ˥ߣҡ
ֱ˵Ĵ̽£ЩӵҲ֪ǰڤڵߵˣгѰһİ֡
ֵˣȴһѩīǧ޵ĿУʼչ¶âǵҰУĲڲչ

ֹǿϣһڴǵעҲǿʼ
Ϊ̶̼ڣڤڵŮһֲ˼ٶԵ쳣Ŀ⡣
ֱ˿̣ѾһԾռڵʮŵУ
ǰŽֻһѣֻʮҵΣһڴǿɶǺ׶ΣܹȡĳɼжôĲ˼飬һ漣
˲ʵ˲𣬶̶ʱ䣬ƽÿնɱʮͷޣʮΣֱǷ˼
ٴ棬̾ѡ
λɻǵãǰŮܵŮ۴˵ͣȻҲʼɱжˡҲдԴ˱ﲻ
˻һδٲΪ˶ɼܲҲ泵һ˾ܹ쵽
ΣɲΥأǰʮĵֻԿʼʱѾΪضǿˡ
ǣλߣǺηʥΪῪʼʱþò֣ǰʮ֮УֻҲ泵һϯ֮ˡ
ڵĴīղ˼Ŀһڤڳ´
Ҳеɻ󣬼īղʳҲǰĿˢˢ´
Ѿ´ڶִܵȴǿɬޱȣЩƿԣ֪ν͡
Ϊǰڵ֪ǰһ֮Ѿӵܴ̽һ泵ϢɵõĽӹȴһ
ԷڤһŵӣҲŸոڲǰʸš
Ϊ´ǣߵߣû֪ģ
ν͸
ֻ˵֮ЩǷͲţϾ˭뵽һŸռڤţƽӹͨŮӣȻܹбֵó㣿
´Լ֪Щʱһֲʵĸоš
´ѣڤصĺһ׿ӵܣҵȾȻ֮ǰһ˿û˵ȻѾع⣬ֺαٲزҴҴأ
ϹŶ˹ڣЩ´ٳٲ
Ҳ׷׸ͣһ´ѹͷƤЩ顣
գѹֻһҧһкгŲţȥںˡ
һ䣬ȫѻȸЩǵľΪ˿̶סеһѣɫޱȡ
ڤһռŲõŮӣ߻һİˣ
˭Ű
һӣ´񶼱ˣһ˿ŭоһһںŪǣؼ²˵ҲãΪҪһŲ֮Ľڣ
λҷģʵ´ˣӲظġ
ҿȻгѰϡ۵³ϳڡ
һڴһ˼Ҳ㼴Ӧ˼һתѰϡ
ȥ˵ĵϸ
죬Ҫһʱ֪˾Ǻηʥ
һʱ֮䣬һڴǷ׷״ԼЩ̴ӵȥ̽һС
Ҳһ죬ϫֲſʼѩīЩУϧѰȴֻһѡ


1613 ֮
ҹ
ϣ԰չʢһҫ貵ǳ׺С
½һͷһ񵥣üԶһĨ
Ѿĵʮ죬ʣʮ죬һǰʢĴ㽫Ļ
֮һѾ׶Ρ
ƺܽȣ
Ҳܲң
İ£½ڰǰǰʮ֮Уռŵʮλá
ԭѾһ½ԶޱȵĳɼڣȴһҲ˲
һУΪһ֡泣
˽Զû뵽ǻȻûеŮӣһûб̭һٽ˵ʮλã
ȫû취ܡ
޴Ѿͷôܰ쵽һ½мΪƽ⣬ƯԵ켷
϶гѰСӸĹҵû뵽ԭСӻǸֲ֣õôš
½ԣǵؿʦ֣Ǽһ֮ĶԼ
Щִ꣬ϵʦ÷ģοԶԶǸ׳֮ϣ
ô˵ȴҲΪǣٶ̫ˣٶȳȥò˶ãǾͻᱻȫԽʱڶԼ֮УҲؽҰܡ
ԼҰζʲô
ζҪԷ¹ǸҪԷ
ܽܵˣ
ʦ֣ǽǸô½Щ޴룬յֺͰһ̺Ȼ顣
ԣѾϵ˽㣬ڗϵһɱĿ꣬һжһߺǻϣʱ淢һЩϲ飬ҲԹˡ
һҧ˵
ãʦֿǵܵ½СƵĵͷҵĹǡ
ֻ벻ͨǳ񾿾˭Ǵðģ޺޵
½ʱףһ̵Ҳֲʵ÷ҡ

ͬҹɫ¡
һĨƵĹһͱһεȡʧ

һ̣ϫظܵڲԳ磬پʯ֦ҶŨӨӨ䣬ƮǳƵԹ
֮ءӯŵ֮С
磬ԭһѡ
ڳ֮ɱɳΪĿܣ
һУԶԴǰ
ҲֱʱϫԼƲΪβĳɳ԰Ϊˡ
ְǻ籾Դǡа޵һܳΪ֮
ͬһý飬Ե֮Ϊϣԭʼġ֮
̣ͺñּµڲϽһνＫط̩һ
ͨ׵˵еׯڹߣɳʱҪ⡢¶ҪȴǷϣЩϣǲ
ɱ䣬ͬĵΨһͬǣϱǰɳȺ͹ʵ
ԽԽˡ
ϫ̧ͷԶ
ʵϵһ·ȫƾһֶ԰ĸ֪н
˿ڵϣ򣬿Ѷһ˿֮ȥİҹ䣬ĿҪࡣ
Ѱ޵ڴˣֻ¸͵סϮ̶ʴ߻ħˡ
һУԵѲסϫ
ΪļͣҪǣ磡

ԽϵȻ޵ĿԽԽ࣬ʵҲ֮Խǿ
ǽֻǶ񾳵ΪսȴǽڽһЩ޵ʵѴﵽ۷ε񾳴ڡ
Щ֪⣬Χϣ٣ֻҪѰٻҵģֻǻѵʱЩѡ
ǰһ֮еӵܣѡ˲롣
ΪǶԣζܹҶһѵĥ
ͬһ⣬Ǿ̫գ
һвܳױ̭޷ֵĻһ̡

ʦ֣˵ذ̫أһһΣ
һźܲһɹɻɫϣϢڣµüһĨεƣ

絶ķŭƣħп޺漫ΪɭȻɲ
УҪõһִǣҲμһʱʦֱǴǰǣһٶһĵһ
ºŵĹٺ𣬴˿ȴһϾ⿪ؼ䣬ܣǡ
ǣȻ
ǿϳ壬Ƕеoɱֻ֮ҪִǱʱɱٺһ䡣
ǡΣ𣿡׷ʡ
ٺĬƬ̣㼴İɣڣġ
һ˻к壬֪ǸطٺҲǼɵء
ֻû뵽ǣ˴εУȻǽҲˣвģһָоǰǽĲ֮أпܾϡ
ٺüԹ˵Ů۴ֳǵҲȥɵǽвˡ
ȻоյĹٺֻҪһᵽǣͺЩƮ˵ĻЩˡ
߰ɣΣһɾԲܹˡٺƺҲʶԼ΢΢Щʧ̬ȻЦЦ
šͷ

ǣü⣬ȥ𣿡
벩õһͱȥһϮۣɫӵͷ
ҲãǻȵҵܵǰɣǸѰ¶Լҵġԥһ˵
üƽͷҲãֻʱ䣬֮󣬱
ǺԥӦ

磬ȱżȥǣҸоǸѰҪҵˣ
һϣԴ˷ܵ
Ŷ⵹ǿԵһȡ
ѷ˹óһѩеĺУ棬õ⡣
ΪСӡƽݵĻǣǴ洫һнƷ񱦣Ҳн񱦣ɱ塣
ɱһЩ鱦Ҳ޷֮Աȡ
磬㡭Ӧˣһû뵽ѷӦˬ졣
㶨ֻҲ޷ȫͶ뵽ǵжˡѷƳ˶ԷһۣȻ˵
һЦԹߵСʵ̫ɶ񣬶㶼֪ĩ֮ʱҼڴҵı֮ٻزˣ
˶٣ѰСӣһϣȻ̭ǴߣֱڴǴϵ
ѷһУ絶Ƶĺâܣض˵Ѿˡ
УϢһĨɱ⡣


1614 ڤɱ
һ
ŭΣ˾ա
һȫ󺣸ǵ쫷Хʱÿһռ䡣
ӿĺˣ緢ŭĿ𵴾¡¡졣
ৣৣ
ӰʱնһΣһСڿκ֮ϣݽ渡Ƽʱᱻûɵ˸һվȴʯƾ˷紵Ȼ
ӰȻǳϫ泡

һεһ֦پҶȻƮȻӳϫϸ֣Ĵ֣֮С
磡
һͲһεɢ˷вſɲ֮гӯŵİʱ񱻴ϱȡ˲ϡ
λӗϵ֮串ʵʵĻɫΪŨĴɼ
ǿ޺ʵһϮ壬ؽۣޱ֮Уɲ֮
ɶԲԣⰢȴǴ֮򣬳ϫҲõ԰в
ӵܣûôˣҪֳСľϮ
ϫˣ㲻ᣬǿȻɨӶǷԲʮﺣ
ܿ죬Ŀ꣬ƮȻȥ

𡭡
衭
һһ޺һƬӿ񱩵ĺ𵴵ˮ죬ʱҡ
һͷͷʨ͵س棬Ÿͷ­ֱҪǳ
ͬʱһͷС֮ˮ棬һƬ½ֶ

⻹꣬ڱͷʨֺһͷаɸߣëŨܣĿϢб׺ݵĳԳһԾѪһţطƣ
ͷݾںеİһϢ죬񱩣ʵԿȶ⼶ö񾳴ڡ
ֺĿ볯ͬһȥ
վһһŮȻǳϫ泡
㲻ϫĿһɨЦЦ
ৣ
һ˲䣬Ӱʧԭأٴγʱͷ֮ǰ
һ̵ĳϫŨںڳԣһԱǿ貵⡣
ԶԶȥͷޣӰСޱȣȴƿǬĸ¡
ϣ
һ񹂳ʣ
սûκԵ֮ºȻ

ͬʱԶ۾׵Ͼרע֮ɫ
ԴӳϫʼɱĿжսһ·ѾֹһΣЩսУֻΪԹߣɼˣȥĦЩս𺳵Ըӡ
֮ǰѾϫսǿѰ񾳴ڶҪǿɳϫһ·ϵı֣ȴһһε߸Ԥ⣬ֱȥ⣬ϫļ޾
Ϊǰϵ·;ϣʵǽڽ
ɳϫȴڼʱڣһ赭дķʽˣδʧ֣
Զһǰıͷͷ­նѪٲȾһƬ
һĻ˼е泾ѣʶжֳֵ񽣣һ˴ɱԵȻϫҲѴﵽĬʮĵز
һ·ϣɱĿ꣬԰ϵһδġ
ڴˣ泵ǲκθУΪ֪ӵܼȫǲȡֲԣͬôΥأҪġ
ȻΥأȻ˶ôΪʲôԼԣ
ҲֱԭϫӦǰʮĻǿڣҲһְ͹Ŀ԰쵽
ԶûдﵽǰʮȴΪţȥһԵġ
𡭡
һʹ˻쳹񷣬ͷʨİ˿ԴնϣʣһԴڴУѩ׵ƤëѪ͸
ٴǰ䣬ոɫƽûзκ
һֱ䵱Թߣͬѧ˺ܶ࣬ľǵõһδɱ䣬ηЩ׺ݵޣʵԶԶЩޣľϣȴ޷رҡ
ԺУּ򶨵ľȻԼĪĺô
Щ֪Ҳǳϫϣġ
ϣ
Զϫ𽣹ԣȾѪȣȻء
ͷʣµĳԳ˿ںϣϢ٣ʣһһ˿΢ޱȵ
ٴǰնɱȻʼĴɨսȡ޺ˣֽϵġ
ϫһ߹עı仯һ߿ʼרעѰһĿꡣ
һжԵɣȻû˷κһ˿ʱ䡣
ָɴս񣬺ˮ磬ӡųϫǿҵĸ硣
ͬҲϢ֮Ӱ쵽泣ж֪俪ʼģ³ϫ
ԣΪڵи֮ߴˣһͷܿϳɾ

ҹĻ١
һ죬ϫٴɱʮͷޣٴεõʮ
Ļʣ°ʱ䣬ٶȣֻԶԶǰʮ
ϫŲϵġ԰񵥡ԣǱץʱнˣѴжϳԽϵ޵ĿԽ࣬ǵжкô
ţһǰġ泵ͷ
ϫȻСѾͷԼݹͷˡ
Ǿˣ֮ǰ·ʱԣϵһΪǣϳɱ֮飬жϣǰӵֻ¶ѰĿ
ϫ˼㣬ǰǽ֮أֻ¾ǿˡ
ǽ泴һ
صģŮеڣǰǽǵвҪСܶࡣ
ϫЦЦüëһˣһҪ׼
£ɻ
ѵ½ǣϫֹǣҸоǴҲƱزʹ˰ˡ
泾ǰ˼ǣпܻǰ·;ǣ
ϫЦ򣺡ǱȻģս֮󣬾ͻ֣ᷢЩµƾֱжϳ򡣡
һ磬ϫ뿪ӿٶȳǸȥ

ӣǰĿѾ
Ԥǻ
ڤǣ
ãǵȫ
Ļرϣ´

ڤǣ
ǵģʦ
ˣȥһɡ
лʦֳȫ
ϲӹ˵գŤͷһߵ½࣬ɫѱôݶǸһ
֪ӻֶԸǸѰ½ǿ֮ȻͺԥشӦˡ
һɰڽؽţһеɱȻʼڤӿȥ
ЩĴӵܣǣѴϢжϳǹڤǣǡѰıؾ֮أ


1615 ·
ڤǡ
ޱȣǧ࣬ԶԶȥǿϵգĿ֮
ҪִǗϵǣɱҪڤǡ

һ󲨶ӳֳϫ泵Ӱ
˵عȻѾ͸ÿһô˵ɽľԶüޱȡ
ϫƮȻأץһʯָ΢΢ûܽ飬΢΢Щȡ
ǰȻһҡΣɫȻò԰ף㱲ѡ
ϫüͷһ͵ؼ磬һƬӨӨĹĻ֡
һɲǼ䣬泾ͬƵģһüȴأԲһĨ¡
ǰϮ֮мǲҪģⱻлɳˣҡϫ
ÿ¡¡
߱ˣҿӴ˵ؿʼѾǶ΢ܹ̤㣬Ǳб߲ԭɡϫ˵ţĿȴڴܻ
ڤΪֵԵʣһƬߣһƬǰ磬ȴɭɲĸо
ΪϫȻǣǴϣʱܹ׹źеŲƸͭףеķֲźź
ɳԿ񱦣Ѹ಻մȾԡ
Ȼ³УŹڤɱ¾ս֮£û顣
һжȥΪصźͲƬ
ЩźˣҲΪȡǽϧδɹɴ˵أΪһy
ϫ˵ѩīУðˣΪıǰǽϧһܹóѡ
ڴˣϫҲûʲôпԹ̫ˡ
ţ
ڳϫжʱȻüͷһ壬ɫ˲õĮһɱ֮
ǣû뵽ǵǼͣˡϫЦڷԸ泣վű𶯡
ЩȻ
һ׹ΪڼԶУȻһ󲨶ֳһӰ
Ϊ׵ģȻӡ½ˣжʮˡ
ȻвٱȻۣӵͬš
ʦãǿˡ
һ泣½оͲܿƵһŭ𣬼Цһű΢޴ŮӣȻһֱ޷ܡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ½ļΪӣ
λѩīһ̳ȻҲǰвЩǡ
ڴˣϫЦˣЦĺܲãѾʼαԽ֮³ˣ
ʲô³
ȻǹصǸԷ
½ǽԶк壬ɫԶһ
Ѱʱ㻹ЦĳҲһˣӽ𣬿Ƿһˡվ˳ϴһĨһĨ⡣
ŶϫƳ˶Էһۣ˼ǣעڶԼʧˣ
ȻԥԵúš
ǺãȻţҲںһԼҪܼ򵥣ͬǹصǸԷ𣿡ϫ̧в
㡭ɫһͣû뵽ʱ˿̣ϫҪ
ЦϾҪ̭֣ʲôʸҪҽԶģһԺǳ⣬ü価ǲм
ǾǲˣϫЦҾ֪ȥݲ̸ҲһȺݰˣ޵ǿԣʵʧ
һ仰ֱӰһȺˣ϶Ǳò
󵨣

۵ĵӰ಻ס͵سһֳֵһֳַݺݳϫɱ
¡
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ЮؽӰȻӿ򣬷ǺӵããһƬ
ֹɱλ֣֮ƺ˵˼¡
ò˵λһеһ֣ʵ㣬Ҳ޷һмֵ
ڴˣϫȴԭزϵЦá
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ǹҪƽϫȻˣָΪһɨ
ৣ
һĨâէ֣һ֣عڳţΨһƽ쳹ʮء
֮һʽɱУɱﲻݣ
أأ
Ľ⡢Ȼը飬
Ȼֵ۵ӻûüܣͱһƲĽɨУһƿţһնϱ۰ѪĲҽС
ûбֱ̭֣
˶ʱкݺһͫţԼ۾
һж̫죬һɲǶѣ˻ûӦλش
ô½ŵüƯŤһš
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ֹ½࣬Ҳɫһ䡣
֮ǰѾԤϫʵͬѰȴû뵽ǿᵽز
һֱԹ۵Ҳݣ΢Уɫ΢΢
˵Ҳһȴ޷ܣһ֪ðˣӵеʵȻܹԼᲢˡ
ͣҲܳҰǲ֪ϫҡͷԴǼ価Ǽ
˶־ŭĿˢˢһӡ
ѣֶΣϣ㲻ʧҲڴʱ͵̤
ۣȴõһɱƵսꪣ£ͫӡһصƷţȻޱȡ
꣡
Ų̤ƬÿһնڹѣƳܲסѹȡ
һĻʵڳˣ֪ɲѰ֮أر͸Ǽޱȣ񱦡
ֻͷųѣʱգȻš
ʱ֮䣬˽ԶϿ޾ϣġ
һ̣ϫҲУʢ֮ʿӵʵǲСľŲħҪǿһء
䣡
ûκηϻӻӶսꪣ˺ѳգһɹ׾ϣһ޼᲻ݵɱһӺɨ
أ
ϫһĳս𿪣Ӱһһͷӭϡ
¡
һȭƿ󱩳壬ư磬ֱҪǬ
ǳϫ̽ȫսʽ޼ΪģתΪͬԼĵ֮ﵽƥ䡣
һȭ̺ѭǡƴԲ֮ףӯ˵޿ɵ޿ӵĿֲѹȸС
ͫһʶսرص⣬ƣӲ֮ƴ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬Ƭزʯ촷ۣسݣɢһƬҶΧ˽ԶȻ׷ܣΨֱˡ


1616 ħ
һν澪춯أֲ̫Բʮ֮أԶΪ洯꣬
Ҫ֪ڤϰ⣬ɽʯޱȣɣ񱦡
һ֮£ȴ˿ɲƻ֪սѴﵽεǿز
һ̣泣ˣԶ鲻Խ
أ̳дһƺߣӰ֣ݱ䣬üɱһƬ
죬ֳһսꪣ⣬ŭ䡣
ѣһ㶯ñ𣿡ɫѱŭ
ղһϫֿȭƵòֿɹ£϶ԣԲһ
ǾͿˡԶϫӰΣʵȻһ
仰ֱӲʸñУ˽Զһһʵ̫ˣ
Ǻǣܺãѩīǵһҵģŭٳɣ̤ʱգս𵴣ƣڴɱ
Ѳ֣ȫ֮ǰȫͬһ˵ɱ
һ˲䣬صսꪱâӳĵԶŵŵս
ʦֳ׶ɱһӱ˷
۵ӵҲܣǺʦһɱģƼֱôûĸܴɱ´
ӵƵȷһˣɱƣսƱ֮һء
óϫУ߱㲻һĨͻȡ
ɱһȣսꪴԽԵ͡
䣡
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䣡
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ȻһǰһϫӰƿǧӰ֣ٶǰδеѸͣһӻû˫ƹЮط
ɱ
أ
սգɫӲϫĹ
һɲǼ䣬ǧӡȫսϣķ쳹ء
͵ؿʼҲɫ죬Ȼɳ컯ࡢֱ԰ףͷҲƵ亹
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еγѣ㱻ڵ޷Զŭ£׷ŭų
ã
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ͿϫԭؿȻһֻأ̤ǻɵЩ۵ĵӳʱȴۻӶ֮䣬һһɳȥ
Ҳ죬ȥҲ죬ԳϫˣЩԶԶӵӵܣֱһŵɳ㣬׷ױɣѪ𣬻ֱӱŲƳ̭֡
½ˣǱϫصչˣݰ䣬պףͷ֪˶ٸ뱻̭֣
գһǽ塣
ӳױŭľʹԶԶ޷еĳУ˭һ̳ѩīķӹȴ㱻˲ֱɱܡ
ǣʱ˿̣ȻֻЩʦʦñܣ޷ȥֲ԰׵µУǧڲеǡ
ˣ
ȻһĨɢء͸һɸԾϢ
䣡
һϢ֣һŭյħ㣬ҷ裬ͫѪ
ǵϹŶעڣԷʱԱסһ
ȴѳϫѹ
ϫӰһģѪڣЩɣû뵽һھȿɲ
ͻָվʵ֮Уһ˿в
Сӣѳ׵ңעһڶ棬Ѫɫ䣬ױŭ


1617 һѹ
ϫȻУԷвԼǱŭͷ
֪ղΪҲɱôǼɵֻ㳢һ̤ζˡϫЦ˵Ƶᡣ
ɫҧȣݵ÷ܻ뿪ˣҲܴȥˣ
֮⣬Ҫͳϫƴˡ
ϫɫĮֻŶһúͶԷϻһ·ɱ񣬶֪˶вЩˡ
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Զսͷӵսֱȸղǿһأ̫ˡ
ৣ
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طĵȭͷǧӰײ׵ĺ쳹ʮأԱ顣
ԷϱЩѰϫӰ΢΢һΣѪЩڣ΢Уδʲô塣
ӻɫˮĿŭȼա
ԷȻֵˣ
ɱﵣһλϹŶӡڣһͶжݵĶԿ
ȴȻκβöԷ
Ӳ㶼޷ܡ
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͵һȣٴλӶսꪣ۳һɸΪǿϽһ㣬
սϣصĵ⣬Ӻأпٵ֮ޱȣԲһ𶴹ӵС
ϫüսʽǺġ߱񹦡Щƣͬһ˵սȻԷĲԼ
ɱ
ӳɱͣŭ·ս޼᲻ݡ
ϫӰһδӲʩչײãڣ˲Ϣܿбʾͼɵ
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ͣͣսٴɱһɲǼѣսɱǧΣâ㣬ǹܣԽֲ
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ⲻòľǾһܴﵽɲܣ
ôˣߣˣΪ֮ǰһиѪôۣӻ貶Ŀֳսꪣɱ
㻹ûסղŵļ̤裬Ǻ˰ʹ֪ϫȻЦ
ɱ
ɫ䵽£Ŀ絶սꪽȼԷڣĿޱȡ
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䣡
һ̣ϫڱŷ⣬޼ȫԪתȫӿʢƥ֮
͵һ֣̽ӲƿǧƣһץסԷսꪣָǯνսꪷâ͵һ񱦾Ť
һĻ泾ûӲ޷ҳκδʻ𺳣λǰҲ̫ǿˣǿԶԡ
սһ鱦ʱδ𣬿ȴȻɫ䣬Ҳû뵽ϫ˱̬ȻʩչУ
ŭתȫʣӿս֮Уݺݷ
ϫĿأǯסսꪣƫִ罣һһȥ⡱ͻأ֣ڶԷֲһɲӲնһۡ
ܼʱһҪӵ
ҲһȻʹ£͵رϫսꪣ˱õɣϱ۴ѪǱ֮
ôܣ㡭㡭˭ɫŤŭ¡
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䣡
ϫһ֣ս档
ͬһʱ䣬̤գĽ֯͵ӭǰһų̤ȥ
ңĿѣ͵˫۷籧ݺӲȥ
꣡꣡
һͷ쳹˫֮ϫһ̤飬ŷ۰ȫ飬ѪŽ
Ȼصһ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ٴαϫһ̤ţݺݲգѹڵ档
Ȼ̫ˣλǰսǿᵽ̶ֳˣĿǶܹʩչƣ

ʹУʹ̣ŤΣһʧȥսұ
ϫˣЦͣҲҡ˵⣬Ȼüëһɫױ䡣

һɲǣһ֧ͭ˺ѳգһɱµһĶ֮
ؼǣһ׼ϫԶ泣
Ǵϣ
ϫŭһӾͲ³͵Ϯ֮˵ݣĩ֮ʱ˶Դ񣬶ԷȻɸҹʼʩֱ޿ˡ
ͬʱҲ˼ΪԸʱǡô׼˷ָһƣҲǿɲ£ɱȡ
ڣսѾ࣬һǱô޷
ৣ
ϫλλڼ䲻ݷһɲǣ͵صǰûʱȥֵһ
һɲϫشͱһѪǿĳӰõɳȥ
ˣ
һͭ͸ϫؿ֮ƲԶһɽ飬ɽұ𣬻ɻңһա
д˿ɼһ֮ͭɲУ˵ģǷлᱻ͵Ųƾߡ
ˣ
ϫҧش˿أԲһɿɲڲϳ
ϫѹ˲ЩӰһʹ뿪ԭء

Ȼڶ˸뿪ԭأһͭƿɱʱձ飬ޱȣƬض飬ﲻ档
һ£ϫ֪Զĵط֪ʱӰ
Ϊ׵ĺȻǴ϶ѷ죡
ѷһͭӴ󹭣ңңɱƥ
ɵϫɨȻһЦ˻еͭ󹭣٬ǲм֮⡣
ǲͣתȥ
ϫɫ䣬ŭҲ˲ӣӰһȻԶŲƶȥ
գȴû׷ϡ
ټϳϫϵ泰ΣҲֻǿŭ⣬׷ɱĴ㡣
ЩĶ
Щ̿һû־ͨļһϫҲ޵
ǴϵĿ֮ǵսʽעóľԶ͵Ϯ
ǰϫʱæӭȥ
ǼһأϫĿһɨѱԼüɥʧսӣʧˡ
ԼˡɫӣִһĨǣ˵뿪ʱǵڡ


1618 䶯ȫ
ϫ۾УȴǲмļһҼˣطϡ
泵ǡӱվۣ˶Ƕ֡
ϫЦŴϵģһǶ΢ʱһλ׷ɱһ£ǰȻڣ
Ŀ࣬㶼ΪԼˣǰδҲ̫˰ɣ
οǱ뿪ѩīǼԸǣֻҲ޼ƿʩ
ϫְǰŮһ䣬ļƻУȷ˴ġ
泵ͷţһǰġ
ųϫؿڴѪܵ˿ڣǵǰơ
ްܿԻָϫһ˵ţһĿһɨܣ뿪ղŶֻ̫Ѿ˲ˡ
š
£ϫʩչʱŲ֮˲ʧԭء

ӾȻˣ
죬ǳѰս̫ˣǴģΪʲô֮ǰû˵֣
ղʩչпܱǱڤһĺᣡ
ܰɣڤѩī򣬸ٸЩһɶĺܣ⣬طǵķۡ
˵ЩǸղע⵽϶ѷҲ͵Ϯ£˺ǳѰ
٣ô˵أǸڤڵСѾͷѷҪֻ²ô׵ġ
ڳϫ뿪ã˷ȻӿһƬսУ˴˽ѡ
У޲Գϫչֳսе𺳺ţǺΪѰĺճһĸ֡Ҫˣ

ҹĻ١
Ϥġ԰񵥡һ㸡ڲ֮ϣչһſҫ۵˸š
Ѿеĵʮ죬ʣ죬㽫ĻǿЩǣǷֲƬϵ޵ߣѶǰϵ˾ռߡ
λǰʮ֣񣬶ûз仯һɲĸ֡
ڹԣڽһ񵥳ʱǻǽס̧ɨһǰʮ֡
ĿһĻˡڶλϣ־Ȼʧˣ
˲㶼ΪԼۻˣϸȥʱȴˣڶ֣Ѿ֮ǰȡ
ʱ֮䣬Ȼ쳹ͬһƬҹĻ֮¡
ʧˣζѾ̭֣
˭ôȻܹӵػǹٺ𣿡
Ǵ϶ѷϾϼ˫ʵ֮ٺҲѶá
죡һĸ־Ȼʱ˱仯ʵϡ
Щֲڸϵ޵߶ԣҲֻƾ԰ϵ仯Ʋ̬չ޷֪˭һ̭
ɶǿеĴǶԣȴһжϳʾǹٺѷܹ쵽
˵Ǿһ̾Ͷӡ֡
û뵽û뵽۵ĳૣɫ𽥱Ҫʳˮ
ۼֻʱ䣬㽫Ļȴȹؼʱ̣һٱ̭֣νܵˣ
ɫԶù죬ɻֻһ㡣
ϼһһֻÿ˰ɣ
ţԣƺǰһֵ۵ӣԶ̭ˡ
дﾪɳ
һֹȻˣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ú׵ֶΣ۵Ĳһˣ
ôֱ׵۶ûʲôЩǵ˽⣬ٺѷȵӾԲôˡ
ô֮˾˭
һ̣µɫǱޱȣͷŤĵķŭѴ̼Ҫߡ
ôĵӣúֶΣ
ֱǲ۷ˣ
ƣ
ڴʱһӴҴҶ¶Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôͫȻһٿƲסŭ𣬽еȻôܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲõϢ˽⵽˷еһУʱ֮䣬ɫԶþޱȡ
Ѱ
Ȼһ
ЩǶԣѰѲİڰǰΪ泵ǿɱ԰ǰһ֮УóѰֳҰ֮С
Һ泵ǲĿƶϳһжǸѰ֮͡
ֱҲǶԳѰһͷˮͲСһ﾿Ǵðġ
֪ӡһЩ۵ĵӣԶǱǳѰһ˸̭ʱЩҲһκˣ𺳲ѡ
֮УѴﵽ˶۷ĸ߶ȣ֮ͬмѷ֣ȴһİһ̭˭ˣ
Щơ
һڴǽԶ˼⣬Ŀ˸ѡ
λɻǵãǰѩīͻ󣬵һλ𣿡
Ȼڴīղڣһڴнһ
ѵīղѵ˼ǣǳѰпܱǸս񾳣һٻáʵˣ˳Ծڡ
ˣһīղһɫص
ܣ۳ɫŭӵǱɱϾŸոս񾳣ɿܻ۷λӵĶ֣
ҲΪȻǰǱվǱʣ޷תΪս
һɻˣѰ˭ǰǷйϵ
һ̣ϫЩѩīеˡ
ڳ֮УΨŮһֱֳĬ̬޳ɴ棬һˮһֱԶϵ
ߣֳ񽣣ĮȻŮһƶһлȻ
Ů۴ˣһǳѰ⣬òȻһҧڣĿŮۡ
һݣû뵽һ¾Ȼʧ̬ľٶˡ
˼˵Ů۴˷һ˲뵽֮УһԵ濪ڣɫĮƽ
ɽһ仰ȴɫһ粻ֵ¾Ů۴˵ͷ
Ѱû⡣ŮۺȻڣöͳһħ˲һŷ
ֹճٶ˵
ŮѩīȨϣѩīǧ֪£˵Ļ˸ڮˡ
ҲңվȶҲòŮ۵ϡ
Ů۶ΪѰڣҲһԾѵŮ۴֪Сӵݣ
Ϊأ
ѵʲô鲻ɣ
棬С׼ǹٺѾ̤ǣĪҪǽˡ
Ůٴοڣȴ˵һ£һӰڳ˵עתơ
ǡ
ǽ֮ء
ڵӹٺȻ̤ϣ


1619 ֮
µһ٣йעһ޵߽Զ֪һ¡
Ӻ˵ĳ֣ȫһɣ˵ֽгѰ
һʱ֮䣬ڳѰٲȻΪŵû⣬ͷ֮ʢǹڵĹٺ𣬴϶ѷ
ϾӿǺ͹ٺѷͬһĴڣȴҰǳѰУܲ𾪣
Ѱػĵ泣ڵʮλ˵ԽʱܷڳѰİ£ǰ֮У
ѣֻʣˣ˵ǰǰʮܣ̫ˡ
ҵǸо԰쵽֮ǰ˭뵽ܹǰһ٣˭뵽ڶ̶̼֮ڣһٽ˵ʮУһпɶǳѰֱʣ
ߣȻ˭Ҳ˵˭ǾĿԴսɡ
ۣÿϣд˿ɼϫһսɵӰε֮

ڤǡ
һصԨҶС
һҹ޸ϫش˿Ҳϣδʲô֢
ϫڣУ֦ҶƮҷλƵĵ̹⡣
һҹʱ䣬ƺִһȦ֦Ҷ䡢䣬ŨϢ
侥ѡҶϣ֮ǰԭǳģĵҲ𽥱
ǼȡĺôڤϵİΪŨسϫȥѰ٣ԼȡԴԴϵϣתΪԼ
ƺǲУò糹ɱ䣬ֻȥˡ
ϫϸ۲ãֻֽǵȡЩƮؼİĻԶԶгɱ䡣
֮Ҫɱ䣬һĻڳϫѰȻֻһѡǾǣ
ＫпܱǰǽĲ֮أİҲȻʮ־ˡ
ͬģҲȻյĵط
ϫԴ˵ɵΣΣԽǴˣŴΣգֲ
ΪҪǣҪǰʮ֮УǰǽɱжҲڱС
Щ󣬳ϫûٵʱ䣬ֱչж

ǡ
ͨڣܲźһʵʣǺȫɰԵޱȡ
Ѱ޵ˣ˵̤ϣܵĺҪǵС
ԶԶȥһǶڗϵһźڱʯ͸ɭصζ
ءء
ϫԶԶǿУʱһǺԶԶ
ͬʱһаɭɱϢҲһεļƬ֡
ԶԶһۣһ꣬Ժ׳ʣһǿҵŻ궼ƾܲסҪڴ˿̳ٶ䡣
ȻɫأǳϫԼǰֻ֮ǰԼˣ
ŴߣͽˡϫԶãȻó磬ݸ泡
泲ΪȴСܹȡɲѰܹġ
ϫ̧־ͰԼǸжǽţЩ֪롣
ϫ˲Ȼſģ̶ַѨ˾Ǳֶ̭ѡ
ڰҲǵΣգǵһСզ졣
ϫȻЦ˵㣬ɶ޷һƬҶӡ
泳Ծô
ϫЦЦٶͣٿȻһĨ⣬ܵغ˲Ϣʧ

Ů۴ˣнʣһʮӣӽԶѱ̭֣ǽʣĵУаʮλΧж
ֻңжٵӽ뵽ǡ
ߵߺūĻ£ʮѵִǡ
ǿϣɿ콫Լ˽⵽Ϣһһ档
ʮӣʮŸߣһȺūֵܼģҲ֪жˡ
Ů˫ָȻУԶ档
ūڡ
񽣽ҡ

Էǰǽûʱٵȴȥˡ


ɫĲ񷡢ɫĴءɫɽ͡ȥϣһƬڣкķʵˮˣԶһƬ
龰̫ɭȻһƬɫ֮Угһѹ֮˺ѣ궼ܵһֲֿ֮
ϫ泵ִڴˣɫһ˲гᵽһɿֲΣյϢ
ˡˡ
˿̣ŵĲȴȻÿܻͷųһĲ֦ҶҡҷƮ̹⣬ǿʼϼȡŨޱȵİ
ȻѰǵһȻϳ
һɲǣϫɫһ䣬ΪУһɭӰһֲ˼ٶڳ߿
ЩӰĪƣеͭףеڣе֫ȫ¶һģǵֳʯӲĺɫǵնţһȺûʬ
飡
һֱʴĶ䣬ܻɵĿɲ壡
ǰһǿƥoһ߾ֻ֪ɱ¾Ѫ塣
˿̣ЩȻ˲ͷų첨Ϯ
ٶȺܿ죬ʩչʱŲƣȫѷɫκζ񾳴ڡ
ৣ
ûκγɣϫ̧ץס泣ɲ֮ʧԭأÿϵ״ǰɲЩӲƴˡ
ܿ죬ϫͷ֣ЩͨƵģȻһ·׷Уµܿͻ˲ϰٸ
óϫһУʶԼһ⣬ЩɶǱ
ûκγɣһӣͰѲͬʱʩչƣڱȫ
ȻûãЩʧȥĿ꣬Ȼԭأһ궯ȴ޷׷ϫ
û뵽ЩϣЩͬҲ˴УĻԼһ磬ֻ¾ͻԴԴϵ鹥ˡ
ϫüʵǿᣬҲܲסһһ鹥Щÿһʵȶ񾳴ڡ
ϫüͷչȻ뵽һ⡣
ڸʵǰȸϵ״Էжʱʲô⡣
ˣѾͷȥֿϮϫŤͷһƳͿû˲ı֮泵״ʱò
С԰͸һɺĿ㱣񣬻΢΢ڣһجΣȴ޷
ϫĻԥ̽ץס泵֣ȹȥһһٵЩڵİֱԷɫָ糣Űһ
ϵȷ̫գκһ˿ɲɹĺˡ


1620 ԩ·խ
Щ³ϫѰڰ͵ɵ˺ȴһʱ޷޸ġ
ϫЩģҪҪҸطһ
泾ǿҡͷˣǰǻץʱжɣѾﲻʲôæٵʱ䣬ǿɾﲻˡˡ
ϫļʾοûж˵ʲôѾͷҪǿĺܣһʲô;ı⣬һ㵹ǺԼʱͬľǿִš

ûж˵ϫתһɷܷĽ֯ɵĹĻԼС
Ȼ৵һ߱ʧԭء

Ǻܴ󣬱ǹڤǻҪֱ࣬ʮķΧ
СԷЩϫͬʱʩչƣԼ泵ϢȫڱΣſʼϸ̽ϵ
֮䣬޲ŨŨĺɫ⣬渲ǵɽҲž˵İ
ҳϫ֣ԽǶнԽŨңԶԶȥֱźһɫ˿ڵһС
ǰǽϵĻǱȻǲڶĳطˡ
ϫһ߷ɶݣһݣһ·ǿƥҲǷ飬ǧĿӴ󣬴Ŀġ
Щʬ⣬Ŀĵغ֮УϢŶ䣬֮
ǵ͸֪ȴǼΪ񣬳ϫԣһǰﷶΧͻᱻһ˲½ƶɲó
жoڴˣΪһߺ飿
ǣǷԶΪ˽ǰǽ
Խ˽Ķ࣬ϫоԽԾϾ˶oꡣ
ȻԶдһҵĺ
ս
ϫһݣرһ⣬Ȼɱޱȡ
ǾͽסһĨŹЦ⣬ԩ·խ

ԶС
ʮӰһ𣬼񱦣ʩչϵͷųɲԡ
һУȻдϵѷ죬ȻǽԶԴϣڴˣҲΪɱĿ꣬԰ϵ
ܣ糱ˮڲӿЩ鼫ΪǿܹʩչֵƲС
ЩĵУȴаɭϢԵɲ
ǿᣬϴЩڼ賬ӵܣҲԵЩá

һʢĿƿգЩ黹δʱһٶǵԱʬ촷ۡ
ע⣬ֻ˶ԷʣµĽȥãѷˡ

Ӧ硣
ѷ񱻰ΧڴˣҲǺ޾壬Ϊܡ
ΪҪģɱĿ꣬Щɿܲˡ
ѷӣЩ߱һȣ˭˵ĿΣ˽е
ԣԶܣĦȭƣԾԾԡ
кβɣǾͿʼɣѷЦɣ乭һɲǼ䣬ǧٵʢХȥԵðԵǿƥ

ͬʱҲ׷׶֣ƿգĿ͸˷ʱա
ЩӵܽԶǴеľһԶ֣ܹмֵڣ̤ϣ֤ǵʵͬѰɱȡ
˿һɱЩ飬ǳҲ׳֮һƿգǧɷѤʢʡ
һյʱ䣬鼸ɨһգؼֵĺɢ٣¶ڹѵĴء
ܹһѶʬɢϣЩԶ鱻ɱ
Ƕһ˰ʮ飡
ǰҵȼҲԶԶһ˰
˷׷׳޲ѡ
ѷȴ΢΢һЦÿɷ
üͷһ壬ע⵽ԼϢԶЩ٣ڸղŵһսУ˲
磬ٶȥȴĻǵ¾ͿԳԽǹٺ˰ɣ˷ܵ
ɱ¾ʵ̫ʹˣҲףΪѷִҪˡ
˵ѷҡҡͷȥӹٺǺԷͺεǿȫԼ֮¡
磬ȥѰһЩɱɣ򴽽ǣأ˷ܵ
ףѾĲѰٸطһȥһʲôΣգɲˡѷҲû룬Ȼܾ
ļԲȶκһ֮Ϳܻ಻ˡ
ѷĻ첻ЩʣҲ׵
۾һ˷ָԶ㿴в鶼ڳ߿
ѣѷҲע⵽һĻ
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󷽣Ǻ󷽣ҲһȺ飡
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һ˲䣬˽Զ˷Ȼӿ飬ԶԼ߳
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һӣ类һˮе˷ܵȻ޴棬Щ䡣
ô£
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սٴαѷĴ£һֱߣϳ
֮ǰȣǴ˿̽Զأκ˷ܣΨһͷɱΧ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭƿգܣ֫б۷裬һһ鱻ɱһƬ
Ӻ
ۼҪɱΧѷĺǣԶٴӿһƬ飬ᵽѪȵȺ㣬߳ɱһηģ
ѷŭȴǲɲϳǰ档
ȴע⵽ʱƣԼߵڲģٶ΢ӸҪ֧
ȥò˶ãûбɱҲΪľܣ
ѷɫ͵̧ͷҪӿѰһ·ɽȴɫһǺصĿУҲѱӰ⡣
磬⾿ô£ҿֲסˣɫŭӣУܵ˿ֻš
δڣҲʼӳһ˿˿ĻҺͲⳡ̫ˣ
죡
ѷúȳһ䣬һ壬סֻһȺûӵѣǧܾʹţ
˲Ҷԣȫɱ
ǾǣһˣǾδɱΧЩһ㣬ôɱҲɱ֮꣡
⾿ô£
ѲɶһĨ־壬δ̫аˡ
ԣǣ
ȻѷŤͷһһӿؼ亮⼤䣬ǣĶ
˵ţ͵乭һһӲӵ˺ʱգХȥ


1621 һ
ѷŭ֣֮ʱն˺ѳһѷ죬ԭѷ츽飬Զһ±촷ۡ
䣡
գһǧ֮ըâأĿ֮
ͬһʱ̣ҰкȻһεӰһ
һϮŨܳ裬忡ȻǸѰ
һ˲䣬ЩӵܽԶˣղһУȻڱ
֮Ѱ
һӣǵɫԶѿ֮Ȼû뵽Լڲ֪䣬뵽˱˵֮С
ѷʱ֣ǶΪЩǧֵֻżȻͻ
ɱһҪɱĶ˱ŭֱϫ޵˹׷ŭţϫȥ
⣡ѷɫ䣬ȳ⣬𣬸ҹһж˭ӣϳͲ
Χ£һǷɢǾԸûʲô
ԣǶʱһ壬ӷŭ룬жٴλѷߡ
ȴΪʣԶĳϫֱ͸ӬƵģֶˡ
Ҳֻܰһǻıͷŭйǲϳɱϡ

ԶУϫӰ˸ʩչ֮ȫȫڱΣ½ߣģҲ޷
ټϣʩչŲ֮㱻Ҳһ˲ʧЩ޼ƿʩ
УʱʩչֶΣͷųһһƵĲϢնƵģԴԴϵ˷ӿ۶
ôĿĵȻܼ򵥣ǳô˻ᣬЩӵһˣ

ԣСᰲȻȻг
ڽɱ˶ʱҲ֣ԶĳϫӰƵƵ˸Уʼգûܵκι
ǳԾɻƾʲôСôˣȴҪЩĲϳɱ
ѵʲô鲻ɣ
ΣȼоɱΧ˵ѷɫм
Ǿǣôɱɱ֮ǵвģвӵѱ;ƿݵıԵ

ȻһӲҽһһұ۶ץ飬Я飬ǿŲ̭֣ͷ­㱻ƿ


˾ŭ߽ӣȴ޼ƿʩΪʵ̫࣬ɱ֮
һ̣ѷҲסƾһУֱ޵ĿѣԲ졣
Ƭ̺
һ֧̭֡
һڽһʱڣӶеӱ̭
ѷͣҲֻܻס죬ӣȥᡣ
ǰӹȥ
ѽֻʣѷˣӵܾȫ̭
ʧֱ̼ѷҪɫൽ˼£һ֪ðļһȴǱƵݵҵزһѷĶѪǰѳϫ޵˼¡
ɶ񣡿ɶ񡪡Աߣ̼ͬ۾ͨ죬̲ס˻
͵Ϯʱн죿
ȻԶϫǵȻƽԵ˴̶ѷԶ޵ݶҧ顣
϶ԣѾ㹻ʴˣûȥ͵ϮǣΪֵܹڣ
ϫԶűΧǱѷ죬ɫ
ɲˣĩ֮ʱЩӵܰԼȵöô;ȡ
ҲˣһУԷһһζԼ͵Ϯľɱ
ڣչʱ
Ƿ᳹׵ϣϫͲǹ⣬Ϊĩ֮ʱ˴𰸡
ܺãҼסˣ֮һж㣬Ҵϵĺжأ
ѷȻһɫŭʧȡ֮һƬȻͱ䣬һһ٣絶ɱ塣
˵ţŤͷ죺뿪
뿪һ
ѷȴǲٽ̧ͣóһָͣصһһʱֱ֣֮ӽѷŲƳ֡
Ҳ˵һѡԼ֣
ɼ֪ɱΧϣѷȻҲˡ
磡ˣ㳹׹־ŭգһж˼ȵĲʺͻңʶأҲͣѡ֡
ˣв뵽ӵȫ̭
һ㵹Ǻڵۺͬǵ˳ϫȫûĺ
ԶϫĿһУɫδʲôĬãҡҡͷƮȻȥ

ҹ԰񵥳ڲϣĿôӵܵȫʧ֮ٴһȻ󲨡
֮ǰӵһ۵ӱ̭֣Ǹе𺳡
񣬲Źȥʱ䣬ѷΪ׵ĴӵܾҲصޣȫֱ̭ͬ쳹һףùעһԵ˶Щš
̫𺳣
Ҫ֪ػѷػ죬ɽŵĶѡỹûĻʱǾȻͱ̭ˣ
һо˭ģ
Ǻ棬ԾԺб㸡ֳһ֡Ѱ
Ϊһӵ˱̭İһΪѷ˱̭ʶ֡
ѰǿϣŭȣԴϵĳţֻɫޣֱһŭɶģ
Ҳ޷ƽǽԶȷѷ˵ĳ֣ǳѰΪȴ޷Сһ﾿ô쵽һġ
СһҲ湻ݵģôһ֣ǵ˲˰ֹ
Ҳ֣ǰǳѰôȥɵڳ׵ۺʹϣѵͲıˣ
ȻЩǾƲ˵ģһǰŮ۵ƣһ˵ҲԵ̫ûȻⶼղ顣
ϣ
ҹɫ£Ȼһ쳹Ƶͳ͸аɭȻĿɲϢ
һڴԶһݣǰǽֳˣ
ͬʱһֱĬԵŮۣҲǼ񽣣һӣڿգ
һ챦ҹɫǿϣٴν档
ϵĳϫȴһɺͬĳǶ籡һҝ񽣣֣ɭɭǣ
ϫһУȷǱȻǰǽɣΪȥһۣڶܵһɳ׵ĺ䣬㲻ƺҪϨ
óϫһæ£ٲȥһۣױϢ̫ˣܹȥ
ˡ
ɾڴʱϫĲ磬һͻأ궯һɿɲĲҪڳǼԶİǽȥ


1622 
ϫȻһʶתȫһ궯ѹơ
ƼΪʣһ󼱴ٲڱﲻ
ɳϫĸһǰǽϣĿɾԼ
ৣ
Ҳһɲǣһޱȵķ֮ɨâƵĴ̵óϫʹס
ԺУֳѪʬȵȿɲֱҪ־ȡݡ
ã
Ǳǰǽˣ
ϫֱëȻðΣֵһɲǣ͵ҧ⣬зһ¡һһе
Ȼ룬Ԫһͣһڵϣڤң֮ӳַ뵽һֻȻڤڤȻ쾳С
һַʶֶΣΪľǱֵĲ׹

ϣ
ϫȻûע⵽ʶһɲǣأһƻǵĽ쳹ͬʱһɿֲƥĽѹѹ
һ·ϣؼֵİ׷˱ܡ鲼еһ߾㣬ͱһɽѹ촷ۣ޵֮
Ӳ񷸩ǶһҝĽɨһ·ѹһɲѷ죬һһֲ˼ٶȲӣĿֱָһɽеĳϫ
ǱһУԳϫ״̬ؽʹ˱
ৣ
ʮ𼱵ʱ̣һĨӨӨն֣¡һӲһĨɫ촷ۣƬضƱ˺ϡãһ֮
һƻǵĽٴ쳹֮ǰȴ͸һɷŭζ
ɺܿ죬һͱûΪһɲǣٴӨӨ꣬Ƕȫǡ
¡¡
ϣʢҹնѣӿҫʮء
ֱãһзĻ

ǿϣŮһϮۣɴ棬޳ӰȻһӿֳһĨ
ѳţȴţһīü֮䣬һ˿֮ȥ졣
һεսʱƺҪƽҪ磿дüע⵽ҹһЩͬѰ
˻һʱҲ׷Ҳʶƾеľƺƣһʤһ˿
Ů۴ˣƺǡüڡ
ղŵĶԾУӦĳֶǽɢһ˿־Ůۿڡ
ŶһУʱʶпܻΪǽһ˿ת
䣬ڻʣ죬ץסһ˿ˣԡ
û˵꣬Ů۵˼Ȼˡ
Ů۴ˣҪҪūȥһ飿
ãȥֻݾߣǰǽٴ֮Уʱ뽵ֲ֪Ҫȶˡ
Ůӿǻ۰Ĺ󣬶˶٣ȻԴǸѰ
Ѱ
ĿУĬȻ˵ͷ

һ硣
ϫ۾ҹһУأԲһ˿¡
ʱʵ̫ˣʱȡжͱǰǽȡ˵ģ
һݣЩ鶼ûʲôˡ
Ĵڣͬǰǽܵвڻˡ
ϫѰ˽ɱϣ԰ǽԣע޷ܵġ
ԺһҪϼӷٷˣϫ
Ӱһ뿪˴˵ء
Ļʣ²ʱ䣬泵ڵʮҡ
ԣץʱȡжˣ
ϾϫѾӦҪǰʮ֮еġ

ҝؼ䣬źһ㰢һƬֲָ
ȻһԹ羫Ƶĸ֣ڻҝ˸
һѪȣܿͱᵽһ̣дһһƿ
ৣৣৣ
ƬصھҷʮѴ˷
ɾǵִ֮һԹȴȻʧҲ֪
ȻԭЩֲ

ڴʱһĨͻأƾո֣Եùضͻأ۵һͽһͷǻʿȻء
һӣȺ궯ŭѣθ֪ȴ޷ںη
һ㯣һȺͷƵģԭأԵ
ԭڣȻӵпȶսѱʴ͸Ѳǻ޷֪˵£޵ǰӦеĻ
ۣ
ܿ죬һ֣һͷܲ編ƣǻʿز
ЩʶڶΣյıܣʼԶӴܣҪ뿪ĵط
ȴѾˣһ̣һһĽѵǣ˺ʱպХƬضǡ
ۡ
һʱ֮䣬дң˷âܣ̻ѤĿ
Ƭʱ䣬һбԶƿţɵڵء
ৣৣ
ղϫǾεӰ֣һ࣬Ҳһ֣ŵ񽣣ǵϵһͷͷͷ­飬쾫׼
Ѿնɱĵ飬ΪгϫȳֽЩˣɱʱֱɱ׺ﻹףԲʲôΣˡ
߰ɣⷽԲʮ֮ڣϢҪطˡ
һʱϫҲ̽ܵĻ泻ط
泶Գϫľƴӡ
ûκγɣȥ

ֱҹĻҪʱϫ泺ɱ˾飬ܼٶʮͷ
һҫ۵ĳɼ
ɶ泶ԣȴоЩľˣΪ֮УеΣնѱϫ⣬еﶼѱϫƽľǲһ·̸жС
ҲϫһжΪԼеĸм޷
Ѵ⣬ԺϫʲôҪ¸𸶳Ҳһüͷ
Գϫԣһɱ¾̸ͬжԺģΪһʵȫȡˡ
ΪòϢ飬ȻʩչڱȫϢڰеĴ̿ͣΪغġȥ⡱ɱ֣ΪδӲƴȻͲѴ֮
ϫעǲı仯һʱҲһֱڼȡƬеİɱٶڼӿ죬³ҲǱԽԽŨ
ĲȫԲϫһģóϫȥ񾧡
ֱҹĻ٣ϫɴ泲ȻֱӽϢȫѹƣŷʶεľ֮С
ôҲǵٴǾĶǵһĻ
ͬʼޣгϫڣѲٵǸпܴڵա
˽ԶȻ֪԰񵥸һ֣ͬһװ㣬һƬȻ󲨣


1623 һ·
쿴ʲô仯
Һãһڣǰ챻̭¼һ浣ҲǵǸɷǳѰ
ǰǼһȷǸɷǣ˭ᵹù
ţʮҵλϣôû泵֣ѵ߳Ѱᵽ壬̭ˣ
׳գûڶʮһλ
ʮһ죡Źȥһʱ䣬һԾʮΣ
̬϶ǳǸѰֱʣ
Ϥ԰ҹɫչʱ˸޵ߵĹע
ɱֵһλʱ˶ԾһĿ泵ӵʮһԾڶʮһʱʱȻ
֪ԽǰԽңǰʮУÿһζѱȵ졣
ɾϾпʽ£泵ȴһȽȽƵģһԾռݵڶʮһλβ˳Ծ
ô쵽ģ
ӦǸѰעһǰ泵Ե޻ʮͷȴѾﵽپʮҲ˵һʱڣɱٶʮͷޣ
ٶʮͷǿǿٶλĶ񾳴ڣǳѰΰ쵽ģ
˼󣡡
ٶȳȥֻʱ泵˵ǰʮ֮أ
۷׷ףϫٲȻΪǽֵĻ
ǿЩĿһĻʱ°Ͷоþ޷ƽ
ǻһλһǸдɵһзһʱԵ̫ѰˣЩ˼飡
СӾǴðģ˱̬
ɻЩһֱЩУֻ˿Եǿң޷򶨡
ΨŮۺעȫϣԴȺŰǽ֡
ϣûðǽٴͷŽݺ֮ϣնǲչ԰񵥡
Ůۺɶ֣񽣣Щǣҹ֮У޳ʲô⣬սƾжٴĻ
ŮЩ⣬ѵҹֵһ˿תѾʹʧ
˵飿
ͬ벻ףü
ע֮ǰڵеõλݣ˴αǽǽʱһԺѰȻᡣ
ŮһȹƮ裬һҹҡҷȻ°
۾ȻһףΪŮۻ˴᲻ϧһȥǰǽˣԭһжԵһλĵ㲦
˵ʸָŮ۵ģҲֻݾڵеĴˡ
ǸѰձΣŮۺȻʵ
԰񵥾ҹ泵ɼбƶϳϫıΣȻŮ۲ʵЩ
Сһĳ챦ѱҲˣڶԸЩʱһֱռžƣū޷ƶϳһ˼ش
ڱȫ챦ôԣȻ𰢱ǽעˣҹ۲죬Сһֻ
Ů˼ӿĹ󣬡׿Щ̸ƾСһǷͬѰֵȥһЩ
ʲôû˵ȴȻʶһ⣬ѵŮ۴ѿСһ
סգ˵ͷδѯʣЩȻŮ۴˲˵ôͲūӦȥ֪ġ

һ٣˴Ѿʣʱ䡣
԰ʾĿǰûбֵ̭ĵӣѾʣһһʮ
̤ϵĵӣǲʮˣаϫ泣Ҳٺˡ
ӵܣ󶼳ڰȫǣδǣѡΧ
ϾΣֻҪֵĻһ̣Իõһʷʹˡ
ϣٵһ̣ϫٴγɽԽ룬ŨŨ֮С
һʱ䣬óϫٴιʼʩ㶨飬ϼƾʮͷ
յԣɼѾ㽾ˣıҲѶãϫȴüͷƲ⡣
ֱʮ֣Ȼ㣬ٲȡж̧Ӷȥ
Ѿϸݳٶȣ˵ڴĻʱ泵ǰʮȴ޷֤ܹòг׵ɱ䣡
ϫüͲԭ
ǰ
գϫһĨȻ֮ǰһֱɻ俿ٱǰǽϡ
ɺȻıսȴһ׶ˣǾ޷Ѱٵɱ
泴˴㼴ͷǰġ
ЩľѶԳϫһֺޱäĿΣԲľκεɻˡ
пܻΣգģƴһУҲᱣֵ֤Ļġϫ˵
Ҳǿޱȣܹ֪ԽǿǶֹĿԽԽ࣬ҿпʼһ˵ѹ
԰ǽϢɭа񡢱飬ϫҲòȥضԴ
泵˵ͷСϾǼᶨ֮ɫʱϫԥӦˡ
ΪѾ֪һµжѾɱ̫࣬»òƻ񵤡ҲƾԼṲ̆㶴񾳡
ԣʱ˿ѲηС
ûٷϻһϣϫ㲻˷κʱ䣬泿ʼȫ
·;ϣԲɱһһ飬ȴ޷赲ϫǰĲ
ֱʮ֣ɱͷ鼶ޣŬŬɼѾԺƽ
ϫ־ڴˣѰɱĻԵģźǣֱʱһ
ǻԵˣ翣޼Ѱֻȥײ޷ȥ̽
һ·ϵϫע⵽ԽԽ붫򣬿еİԽԽŨŨҺƵģ֮䡣
ǰǽͷųıɭȻѹҲԽԽŨңͷĵ
սҲʼñǿᣬһֱȶ۷Ķǳϫнڱ׾ʹˡ
ˣһ·ϻսеǲɱ⣬еǳϫΪ֮Ŀ޷Ϊ˰ΣºѲںЩ
ǳϫԭ򣬴Ӧ˸ж£Լ
¡¡
һյʱ󣬺ȻԶŨޱȵĻҝУһޱȵսأƬʱնŤ
лһĴԵüΪˡ
óϫһݣ赽£ͷųһɨȥܿ죬һüȻԭǡ


1624 ֮
ɫҝһӰѸ磬ХƬ֮䣬ʱգ޾ҡ
ЩӰԶһͷͷ飬ǻЮŨŨɫħţĿޱȡ
䣡
ٺһɱȥվ磬ǰɱʮͷӲˡ
ʱȾѪ裬ü֮һĨɱ֮ȡ
ǽذΧ֮Уȴͬһ麣ʯƾˢҲ޷
ʱƣٺüȴסЩء
ԭߵ͸֧ϲ԰͸С΢΢ڡ
ȻʼսҧӣһԲɹٺĵžҵĳҪʴ
ùٺ鲻ЩأΨһģǽ߾ȫߣһȺһȺ糱ˮΧɱˡ
סֻҪֵĺʮ֣һоͽĻٺԼԵɣԴԵ
ʦ֣һģΪҷģһȡý֮ɾͣڳ֣ҲκβʡǿһЦͬɣùٺԼ
γɱ񣬹ٺҲľ޴
¡¡
һȺ麷ηɱȵùٺ˲ٶ˵ֻȫɱ
ȴЩǣͷչȥֵܹĺ
ۣ
ȻԵ͵һȳһѪ˵ľһήҵ˼¡
ٺ󾪣͵һҧϣҪٶ룬óҩʳ
䣡
Ϊһɲǵķģһͷûɱٺ͵ĵˣѪҲһҷ
ʦСģˣסƴС
û¡ٺһҧҲ֪ʩչ˺طȻٴЩΧˡ
ɽһյʱ䣬ɫҲǿʼò԰ףһ֧Ųסļ
û취Щ̫ˣʵǿηɱ꣬£ٺսپˣҲܲȽûоͷսˡ
ܸƬʱϢڱء
ɺޣ
˷ٺ̾ѵҪʹֹˣ
İ
һֱǵһʹ˱̭֣ܸˣ
οĺʮ֣Ǵ֮ʱۼɹ˭ܾʹ˷ˣ
¡¡
ܹٺηߺ޲ʣЩڳأηسɱģ˱
һҪֵϣһٺзź۾ӯһ˿Ѫ˿
һ̵Ĵȫƾһ׿͵־ǿš
ʱƣ־Ҳסһ˿ҡʶģס
䣡
͵أһɿֲϣٺײɳȥͬϵԶ
׹أѾԴٲȻһҪǳ˺ģ
Ĳ𡭡ٺǿһɲҲסӿһ˿
ɾһɲǣϺȻһХƵʼȻθߣ쳹ʮأ
þ
ٺ̲ס̧ɨܣȴȻ֣Ƿ˷ɱ˿̾ոׯڣһһص¡
⡭
ٺ͵һ𣬲㲻Լ۾
ʦ֣òǻþɣϣ߽Ƶ
ϣ
ǽХٴ쳹һΣٺڿһĽ
ɱЮԡزѸ磬£Ƭظǣʱն˺ѳһĿĵѷ졣
еЩ飬Ҳ˲䱻û
˻
ٺһʶѹףǿ߳
͵վٴ̧ȥʱԲ֮ڵһܹվ
ƬеҲɢһա
Ȼ󣬹ٺԶһŮֳ񽣣ӰŲսУһһϵͷ­ն飬쾫׼Բֹǵһôˡ
һĻֱùٺ˿۾ֱˣԴЩ£һж̫죬ǶЩӦ
û°ɣڴʱһȻ쳹˹ٺ
˻ͷȥͿһεӰ֪ʱѾڸɫȻǡ
Ѱ
ٺԺһѿڳ
ЩͬҲע⵽԰εı仯ȻҲ˵й泺ͳϫһС
ٽϸղųϫնɱķĿɲֶΣùٺ𲻼˼жϳԷȻǸѰ
ǵõڱμһʱͳϫйһ֮ԵʱһֱоϫΪѰɻû뵽Է˲Ѱˡ
¡ϫ˵ͷ
㣡
ʱҲһЩȻЩ˼飬ԭǰ˾ЩĿǸѰ
ϫЦЦδ͡
֮ǰ֮ԳˣҲ˳Ϊ֮Ͼ˴ԩ޳𣬳ϫûСѲжӵܶˡ
ղŶлˣٺȭ
лҲӹٺ
֮ǰǳϫǾͻֱӱ̭֣ȶ飬Ǹмѡ
ؿ֮ͶѡϫЦЦתȥ
Ļʣһʱ䣬ټδѰٵɱĻԵԲҵκʱˡ
ʱҲսϫ˷ܵ£ɱ˶ʮͷ
Ŀϡ٣ǣһȶĴڣ֮ԶĿ
Ǽжϫͷ
ϫ˵߾ߣٺ𲻽һʲôæ˴˵ﷶΧǰǽڣһͬ׳أ룡
ϫüĬƬ̣лѡ
˵ʱ泼ǰУδʹͣ
ùٺųϫãտЦҡͷѣЩ޷ϫΪ
ʦ֣˵òҪȥǽɣȻڡ
ٺһʼ˭֪أΣܹǷһ飬նҪҸᱨ
˶٣߰ɣ뿪
˵͸֧֮һ
٣ԭͻҰɫԽԽҹɫͽ٣ٺ̲סٴλͷųϫ뿪ķ˼ǧ
ǡΪʲô

ǿϣŮۺȻ̧ȹڷƮҷԶһ棬հһжĻǽǽᣬ׼
ȫԸԭ΢΢Щ͵͵ֱͦϵϸһĨȻ֮⣬˺Ȼһݵš


1625 ྪ
ҰŨŨ
֮Уʱһһ̶Уħ˻ļ¡
ϫһֳֽһǣ泣һĨϢ磬ںд˻ǰС
һ·򶫡
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֮һ߾ʬأ촷ۣң
һ·ϣϫɫȴأ⿪ؼ䣬â磬Ǿ֮ɫ
ԽٺԵﷶΧ뵽ڰǽ
һƬУһʵʵɭȻɱ֮Ļꡣ
Ŀڴ˿ʼֱϡ٣ҲѰٲ
ؼ䣬ֻһɫİ뵣žɲ
ԳϫܣһҲܵһɳصѹиȻһ˿Σյס
촽忡һƬ㣬ղ泷ԣʱ𣬲Я֮С
Ȼһ˶ǰС
ڰǽ֮Уټٸߣǣ۵ж
ο;ɱĿѾ࣬ǰʮҲǲѴ֮
һ·ǰУսĲͬһֱڲϼȡԽȡİҲԽԽࡣ
ϫοǣɱٶԼӿ죬˵֮ǰֻһ꾥پ֦ҶεС磬ô˿̵ٲȻ֦Ҷï֮ơ
ĺôǣһ·ϵɱжϣӵԴԴϵԴȪٽ񾧡
ٸӤεĵΪȫս
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ĵǿṩ˳սİóϫӵ˲ս
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ⲢǲɱսԣϫδֹͣԼĲ
磬ֻѣΪǲ֮ʱ
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ݣʵϫһ·ѰٵͬͰǽűزɷֵĹ

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绩һǴڳƴһ޷ѹƣ
ˡ
һ̣һƬŨտȻ⣬سΣҫ񷣬Ӱ֡
ֻ˿̵֦ҶƬƬϯҶƬ縡ֳػɬĵƣӿ򰾢ͨأǡγһء׳
ԶԶһҝҹɫ£һ磬ȴļ
һ̵ٲȻһţ̵أ졣


縦һ֣ҶһεٿȻ˷Ӷȥ
;Ʈؼİ޲׷ױ󡢼ȡһգ˲ϡ
һĻΪ׳ȴϫһκˣô
粻ܿƵƾһƿصĸооһ˿
ϫע⵽Ȼ뿪ʼȡؼİһɱԴȴأԼ֮Уֱ˴ˣһ塣
óϫһʱףԴòһıԼΪޣѪˮעɷָ
ɺܿ죬ϫɫȻһ䣬Ϊһɲǣܵһɿֲƥıɱ籩һ룬¡¡ǼԶХ
Ƭؿʼޡɱ䡢һаĿֲ
ǽ
һΣҹǡ԰񵥡δ֣ѱͷų
ϫһ⣬ʶתȫ⣬͵𣬳ֽ˲ǰ
¡
ԶڰУӿȻһҝӰӸУͷųѹضɫ䡣
Ȼ
¸Ų֪پ룬ɳϫһϳǰǽһѩīеĵһױаɭһ壬ƿֲ֮

ϫëȻϢһϣЩ֮⣬ֻԼоҲɣ

ϫǣһ̵Ĳ羹ͷųһһޣ˺ʱգԶֶȥ
ϣ
ͬʱǰǽ͵طһƻǵĽһҝ
һ˲ѣرΪ룬һ뱻ֲаĽ⣬һ뱻ε֣ˣ˼
¡һȫͬײһ𣬽ݺᣬ磬ڷڣȻɢ
ϫֻоĤ㱻ѣĲ˵æ߾ȫһԱ
Ľ棬ʵ̫ˣ¾񾳴ˣֻ˱ᣬâ

ţ

û뵽ôȥٴĿֲ֣ǰǽ˱ꡭ
ˣǵеת棬²˳٣һ

ǿϣճ֣ǽǰʱҲǱһֱע˵صŮۺͬʱ
һʱ֮䣬нԶӿԣ¶޾Ȼ
ûκγɣŮ۵ȡжͬһΣѷ޳ԼӰֱһ߿У񽣣৵һɱȥ
һĻԶһԾҹĻŸս٣԰񵥸δ֣ôŮ۴ǰˣ
ǾͿŮ۶һɲǣϵرһͻҫ۵̹⣬ҹա
һǰƵĽХ쳹졣
龰̫׳ֱЩɫͣڽ˼һĻ


1626 ̫ͼ
һ̣Ƿֲڸϵ޵ߣҲһͻ̹ӗϵâγǿա
ͬʱһĨҝѸɢ֮ͥ
ǵȳ̫ģ̫񼣣֮Уҫۣ׳
Ůۼ񽣣ͷųɫԣХھ֮ʱһӱҡ
ܹϵǳڴ˿̶ҲǾĶԾϯ
˭Ҳû뵽һĻǰһҹᷢ˴Ķ
ûȥע԰񵥣˵񶼱ǰһĻ𺳣

¡¡
񱩵ĺڶ쳹꣬ɲϳóϫκ֮еһҶƼҪû
һ̵ƴҲֻԼڱ壬ֱΪ
ϫɣǲǰǽעԼֻͱѹˡ
̫˼飬һѩīеĵһױ˿ֲĻֱЩ˼
Ҳ֪ǵеĵһ̹ŸǷҲ߱ȿֲˡ
һ̣ϫĪ磬̹ŸЯĴ䱦ͭǮ
ͬ鱦֮Ĳ࣬һ̾
ʱϫҲỳɣΪλ֮Уʽ鱦
ѵǻ籾Դ֮Уĳڻ籾Դʶɣ
ʶԳ֮Ϊ
ܼ򵥣ϸȥ˼ȴԽԽľǳϫڵ;ϴﵽһ߶ȣÿ˼ʱȴɸеһԵļº𺳡
Ʋⲻκ벻ףһв׵ĶĴ澴ηͼɵ
δ֪ǿ־壡
ϫͻعѣɫЩѿ
֪Լĵڸղһɲǣóһ˿ʶһЩǼʱѣ룡
Ͼ˿̵һֲֿļս֮Уº޻֮һκһ˿أⲻ˾ͻɵ³
УȥֻܱһʧԼҲһ١
ϫһü䷺һĨȻǳ׻ָ侲ʼѰٳֵĻᡣ
ϣҝĽݺᣬŰ񱩣ͷųһ飬Ʈ
ԭԲȻԵֲˣ񽣼룬ŵסǰǽĹ
µľƣٲȻΪ񽣺ͲһԸǽĳ
ңǽбѹƵļ
Ҳˣϫ©֮һսļз֮д
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ΪУֻԱͲ֮Ѳɷָһжע޷⡣
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׷ɣ֮ĶԿıɢƬض˺ѡûҡ
˿̵ĳϫȴѶһвʽеȫרעս֮Уϸ۲žƵÿһϸ΢仯
Ժ֮УǷһпܵӦ֮Ϊ޷ԼȨ
½ֻһ˿ҲãͿԱ֤Լһս
սԽԽң𵴾⣬ǰǽͷųĽϱն飬
ͬ񽣺ͲͷųĹҲײвϷɽɢ˷
ͷչȥǶпܻݣһս촷ۣ
ȻϫԨƵбһâȻһ䡣
뵽һ⣬ȴΣգпԼ֮Уɴʱ˿̣ѹ˲Щ

Ȼӿԣܻطһ˵ĸ֮
ϣнһתٿȻлһԲͼ
ܵطҵйڣһԳǻԲӿ롣
ǡ
㣬ⰵ֣ڰ׽ڣڴ˿̻ۻԲ֮Уӳֳһȱ̫ͼ
̫ǳϫѲƿصߴ֮һںڰִ֮ڴ˿̱ϫһʩչΪһԲ֮С
Ⲣ꣡
һ̣ϫʩչ֮Ϲ̫ͼ֮С
䣡
̫ͼȻ⣬תڰ硢ͷųһݵ֮
ƬʱնŤѡѵ̫ͼһת
ϫһȡ
̫ͼתֲǿպڶųϫ⣬ʼƮؼâ
ЩâаǽĽͬҲԲ硢սб
Щԭɢڴ˿̫ͼͷų֮ǣܿƳӿ
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һ˲ѣǿ񱩵ͱɽ̫ͼԴԴϣ̫񱩣˴˸Ǿҳͻһ̫ͼһ˲̫ͼʼ𶯣бļ
ϫѲµһ㣬͵һҧͣͷſԼһɿ񱩵ȫڡ
һɲǼ䣬ϫɫȻ԰ף͹ԱһӻʮͷҪ
ȴδֹһУüһĨ֮ɫȫٷȫһɿӿ롣
ʹ
޷ʹ
ģƱ۵һи̼óϫ忡Ťݶҧ顣
ļ㣬Ѱɱȣֻѳܲסʹ˷ˡ
Ͼȿ԰ǽ硢½ֻҲĳϫܹͻ⡣
ҲΪ֮ǰƴֶΣʩչ̫ͼԭڣΪľǽһ̶̫֮ȵػ̺Ŀɲɱ
ֱȥɣǼֱûʲô
¡¡
񱩵˺ѳϫѪƤĤľѨϣջϺӿʼŰ
ЩܲǳԭԶޱȣʯɴ˿ȴֽͬһ㣬һɿ״ݿ顣
ȥò˶ãᱻ壬ϫɥʧʹΪˡ
һ̣ޱ߾ʹ֮еĳϫҲǲòֳһ˿ǣŵعעһС
Ӹտʼ̫ͼٵһɿ壬һжڳϫԤȵ֮Уģһƫݽ
ˡ
ҺãȵȵĹ̽һɲǣĵһɿҪĺģһɻޱȵεĲȻɢһɿ֡
ǲеһɱԴ֮˿̣ᵽѪȵ㣬һɿѹƣʼȫȡ
ɹˣ
ˣϫŵĳ׷ɣһ⣬亹ʪأһĨ޷ȥľ¡


1627 ̫һˮ
ڳϫ֮ǰУһжԲɱΪġ
Ϊһͱܹò缳ȡ㹻İΪϡ
Ȼ֮ǰľƣ硢񽣡ǽ֮伤棬лȥȡ
ԣϫֻԼȥ֡
ǣƴֶʩչ̫ͼؼĸȻΪһڡ
һڵıԴ֮Լȥȡ
ͬʱΪɱṩգ̫ͼϫ֮γһѭ
ȴΪΣգؼ̫ͼɵ̫񱩣ϫʵԶ̫һסһɿĳɲֹʧô򵥣Ҫ˳ϫС
Һãһ޾ʹĥϫ㻹ǳɹˡ
˿̣̫ͼתڲؼܵĸ
ȻԳϫΪӿУıԴϼȡ
һԭҪҲʱõȶ֮ǰǰա
ϫȴκδ⣬Ϊһнֻǿʼǽ
˿̣ʹڣʱʱ̶̿һɿĳͼ尾
ǲ糹ɱ䣬״ֻ̬һֱȥ

ϣչ֦Ҷϼ⣬һɢ˷
õϫ֮٣ÿһﶼԾ⣬ҫۡ
һĻǼŭǰǽŰ񱩣ǧҝԵϺɫײɱһ
Ů۵ƿ£ԣŲһ𣬽һй飬ѿʼѹƵǰǽ
¡¡
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ƬضԾನɢӳǗϵҫƥ
ĿôĻ޵߽𺳣һս񣬷ǵûнףңǵȿɲƣֱҡҷëȻ
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ǰǽᱻˣǿϣд﷢п
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λɿһɫǺڽҹͻأð
һľϷ۲죬ƺǴ˵еĲ
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Ƕɣǲ˵Ůһλѡ
ȻҲֻаԴ⣬ǣŮ۵ܣһ˵ڣͳð
棬׼Բٿ񽣶ԵеŮۺȻڣзǵûһ˿ϲãЩء
治΢΢һ¾ǼΪΪŮ۴أ
ǽҪˣĹƱؿɲ֮ܵ£ѿܣǵ¡
Ů˵⣬첻ԣ˼ȴѾ泹
治ҵתȫΪԴ
һɲǣŮһĿһɫ⣬³һ仰Ҫʼˣ

ϣϣϣ
أϫһܼޱȵĽơǡи͸һɱŭζ
ⰢǽҪƴ
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ͬʱ磬ҲǸӿԣͷſɲɫĽӳ¡¡ϯȥ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭضݡ٣ɲನɢǶþҡݡ
ۣ
ϫٿסȿɲѹ֮пѪɸƵľҲ
ǰ̫ͼڴ˿ҲҰҡҪ
ϫҧ͵شһȫȫۣϤ̫ͼ֮С
һ̣ѹ˲ʹֻ֪һ̫ͼˣɱҲʹֹԼҲעһ٣
ˡˡ
õϫ̫ͼоյȹ
ǰǽ̶ƴֶΣؼɢҲǱ񱩣Щ̫ͼֱ֮Ӿ˳ϫϡ
꣡
类һʮɽݺײϣϫֻоͷһ˲䱻飬Ťѡ
ۡ
ƤһըѣѪ䡣
ԶԶһ˿̵ĳϫֱһѪˣƤըѣ׹֣һ֮أޱȡ
״òƬ̣˶ᱻһɿ˺촷ۡ

УıԴҪʶֳһӨӨʼϫ޸
ȻһĻˣϫԭ˺۵ձ޸ֱһɿ˺飬ѭǡľһһٲϳ֡
Գϫԣֱɱܣ˺ѡ޸˺ѡ޸ֲѭݵʹĥ˶
־Բᶨֻ֮ѱĥʧأ̶ɵˡ
ɼϫĴΣޱȣΪ;ܲס˴ݲУﵽܸɵļʱȻѣױ
ϫѱĥĿҪģʲôʹû״ȴǾ޽У
ΪҪǣ˿ѱֻƾ־ǿš

棬̫һˮóǿϣŮĿһУȻһҧȻ
Ů۴ˣǡһЩԥ̫һˮŮǧѼֵ书Ч֮һ˴˲ָ۷״̬Һޱײ
óŮдһɲɵ
죬ճ̾һ̽һֻĴָСͨѩ׵֬ƿ
εǱСһˡЩظһƿһ֣ವһƿѻһ׹⣬˺ʱնȥ

ڲڡ
ʶģ
һ̵ĳϫһƬڰ֮УҪ磬ûκεͷȥעڷս
Ǳٱףϫһ磬ζȴȥıʲô
ģýһ˿ǣŬ𡭡
ʹѱľѲԼ
ô죿
ѵעһ٣
ϫģ
治еĻֻܹעһţ׼ĳʱȻеһӿ뵽֮С
紺绯꣬˸ɺԹѵУÿһ籬Ѫ⡢ѵĽǡľѨ϶ȻһȻޱȵ
һ졢̺ĲˮӿȫϫһӴӾʹȪ֮С
֮䣬ƻָֹˣһѨϡƤĤȫһ飬ͣһƾϢ
ڵҲһӳԽ۷壬ڵ£ΪӲһɲǱһأ


1628 Ե䶨
뵣ڣ˿̳ϫ¯֮Уһصϴ
ΪɲԻԴϫԭ߱һһΡ
˿̵ƤĤӨʯư֣ھѨϣҲʯɣӡŴϡ
¡¡
۽ǣڽѭÿѭһΣ㽫һӿڵһɣΪҲ֮һ֣
ٶȼֱ̫ף֮·ɬѰ񾳴ڱչǧꡢ֮ãΪһ
ɴ˿̳ϫΪȴڶ̶̼ʱнڽͻͽǵȳ޵߿Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ϫʶѴӺڰʹѣһʱע⵽ڷľ仯򶨣˿ҲסһԾš
ô£
һǴӺζ
ϫһŬԼ侲Ŀңңϡ
սڳ̫ͼתڲؼһɿ
ֻʱһɿڽϫں޷ٸʹࡣ
һжԴڷɱԼΪ
ڲϣǲ磬񽣣Զʩչȫƴİǽѹƣ֮ǰԡ
ˡ
ǽʼ֮еĳҪɱ
ϫ۾񽣣Ȼһ²⵽ԼղŻõһԺ֮ˡ
һΪȴһҲƲⲻΪ޵УδȻԭ˴Լڼʱڱ̥ǰľ˱仯
Ŀջأϫٶ룬Լ񶼼ǰ̫ͼϡ
һѭͨڳϫ֮䣬ĿıǴʹյɱ䣡
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෴һɿĳóϫһٶȼӿ죬Ӽ˳ϫǱܣΪɱҲǲϼӿ졣
һжķչš
أ
һյ蹦󣬲زһɾײ
ҪƵİǽһưٿȻתҪӴܡ
֣
ͬһʱ䣬ԴŮ͵תϤС
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һ˺󣬿ƾЩһֱעһս޵жݺһ𣬵ֹ
Ҫ𣿡
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Ϊ˵еĵһױѲ֪ȴ˶£ڴԸ֮ϲҲͿ֪
ףŮ۴ˣһԵ湰֣Ҳο֮ɫ
Ҳγѣ׷׹֣زѣһʱ֮䣬ǿһƬԵúò֡

ɹ
ֲϵ޵ЩԲ׼ΪǵҰУֻܿǗϵһƬããԳ⣬貶ĿٿһС
ǻܴжϳǰǽֻıˣΪʱ˿̣ս

ڳϫԣǵһʱע⵽һУҲһС
ǵģ˿̰ǽˣ
ԳϫԣⲢʲô壬Ҳ̸ʲôźΪһʼʹδҪǽռΪС

УӰ֦ҶεԣϢǿʢ
սɱ䲢δʼô˻ᣬԼ֦Ҷɢְ˷ϣǹİȫǡ
ϫͣж̫ͼʧ
һ̣ѲȥæܷɱɹȫͿˡ
ϫδʹ˷ɣ˫ָԶĲ磬ǿհĺӿų˼֮ɫ
ҹľ䣬ƿصļóϫȻʶһմû˼⡣
̫ʱڵһһλܸĴӵǻۣӵ˸ս
ôԼɱɹǷͻͬӵԼʶ͵У
֪أϫüͷ
ڳԼƿص飬оͲһų⣬գҡҡͷ̾һٶ롣
ѾԼ̫࣬˴ɱ֮淢һЩ޷Ԥ飬Ǿȥɡ
䣡
һֲ𣬴˿̵Ĳ磬ڰд⣬һεգͻͺƴ󣬽ҹϵİȫһɨգ
ȻԭЩģʼɡ֦Ҷ硢롭޲ӿصϢŰ˷ơ
һ̵ٲȻΪһͨ½Ӵص֦Ҷڱβ񷣡
ԶԶһƿһλoڴ˿չ¶ɣơ
ϫˣ촽οϲãҲһ˿Լ˵ĸ
㣬š
Ȼûע⵽ԼڣһҲѱһգΪɱ䣬ͬһĻ

һɱɳˡǿϣŮૣһĨľ̾
һˣлԵɱҲһЩ顣
Ů۶ԣϫĳ֣һ⣬̸ݡ
ɵʱڲɱһʶԼеһԵǲԣγҲһԵ
Լ˰ǽеõ˳ɱܣ֮ǰŮȫûԤϵġ
ԣ
ȻüԶǣںɴµĴǹһĨζĻȡ
һлԵĻãǺСһֲϵءһһģжѾõ̫һˮҲǳһ
ŮۺǲȻǳѰĪϵ֮ǰǽͬ벻ʶһԵ֮Уϫ֮ҲǸȡ裬Դϲˡ
ֻǴ˿ŮһλԼָʱأԲЩ⡣
ѵλѾݵ˽սһУ
Ů۴ˣǲ֮ܣβô˻ᣬͬҲˣ
Ȼһλ￪ڣע⣬׷װĿŮۡ
ҿûô͡ŮƳһۣȰҲ⣬ɲܹģ
ɫһͣŮһ˼Щڨڨ


1629 ˳
ͬʱЩֽסһ̾Ϣ
ȻŮԣĿһ֮Ҳһ˿ռ֮ġ
ŮۺؾһǶʱϨͷ
ηŮ۵ƣƾǵͣŮ۵İĻҲܽǲˡ
ϵããڳţֻǧ˺۵ǳڸղŴսܴ
λ޵ȴδʹ˳ţ෴еѱѹãڴ˿Ҳ̲ס˲
Ů۴Ѿɹˣ
ǰԭ񽣱ѵһһӵⰢǽŮ۴˵Ʊؽһ¥
λƺˣᣬҹ԰ƺδ֡
ףֲܾȱʲôԭ԰񵥡
ҲգհĻ֮ʱʱαؽֳߵ
ʵڴĻǸѰı֡

ҹɫ䣬ͬһ̵Ǹɾ͸һ˿˿ʵɫװ
û˰Ҳû˻顢Լһѹĵɭգһ̵ǣѺǳƺ޶
ϫ˫ָԶһ˿ĵܣѾá
ǰһĲѾʧ
ǰĿյϣֻһֻһ߸ߣͨӨ֦ҶԹС
Ͳ粻ͬһ֦ҶȻɲԾҶضϢҲǲɱȡ
򵥶ԣһСǧٱĲ
ϫĿһֱԵúĲüҲ֪˼ʲô
գһ̾һ֡
ৣ
һĨ⣬˲両ڳϫģ֦ҶƮӨӨԹ
Ȼӿϫڣһ㣬˳ϫĺĵش
Ȼչ֦ҶһٿȻθߣǺӡ
֦ҶҲͬҰݣӣһƬƬǺ֣ÿһ䡣
ˡ
ٿȻʼ񡢾ƴ󡭡
һ˲ѣϫ͸оӯ֮ߵȰ磬ԴԴϡ
ɳϫȴٴһ̾ЩΣЩȻ
ϣٴһЩлշΪĵ;ҲΪҵĵ;עֻ뿪
ǲɱ֮󣬸ϫչĵһνȴһָ
ǵģϫϣɱɹվӵԼǻۺ͵С
ԣȥҲעġ
СͬСݾڳϫߣΪܻɱɹӵԼĵ;Ҫͱ뿪ϫ򣬲ֹӰ쵽ԼҲϫӰ졣
޹رѣֻΪС
뿪ʱֻԼǻۺ͵УԼı
ѽϫ˼ң뿪ֻΪ˴Ϊ
뿪뿪ɣĸɸһӴڸĸߣ
أ
ϫһͷԶҹգңң˹֡

ҹɫϼžס
ϫ˫ָڿҰϣҹϰϰ죬ںڳڷз衣
ؼֻʣһˣȴµ
෴һѵõΪѾܾûˡ
ӽĩ֮ٵѩī֮УӱΧٵ̫ϽҶ׷ɱֱμӽᣬûһͣЪ
ֱ˸ղһĶǵսڲһζݵ
ʱĳϫſңʲôҲ룬ʲôͷҲûУߣȴо⡢ƽʡ
գȴȻ㣬һֿհ׵״̬ѹзĹ
Ѿˡ
;ά裬ꡢ޳ݵ֮վҪ·
޵֮·
ȻѡˣעǴ¡޻ڡ
һ̵ĳϫʰ־ִηڽľƽ͸ޱȵļᶨִš

ڣתڲݣ̨֮ϣϼ⣬һж˾ȻԲһ
ľҲһҹ֮õһɱ䣬ݡᶨɾ
Ǿ洦һҹ飬޾ʹĥøܣΪҲǽڽҪԲز
ȻһҲ벻һİȻϫŮ̫һˮһֿȴ׷Լϵľɱ䣬һû
ֻһִܵԲزһżǶˡ
ϫضʼҡ
ϸ񣬲Ŷ̶̲ʱ䣬ΪȴǷ˷츲صı仯ѿҪԲز㾫ٶȸϹУԳƵǾˡ
ϫԼǺܴ֮ﵽһдԵ֮ԼγǸ̫Ѫ֮ǰСȥ
ԶԴˣϫ̸жϲˡ
սٶȫʢʱڵҶӦҲӵһսֻ֮֮޷ȣԺһϣСΪס
ʵ׵׸֪һ󣬳ϫжϳԼΪ˺εȵز
Ǿͬһ֮УѺ϶֣ǿ羳սѾ߱һƴ֮
ϫǵãԼʱӵˡ𡱵Ǳڷ֮񾳵Уȴֻλĩһλϡ
ΪȾһЩԸ߲ȥˡ
ҲζţϹ֮УڶУԼʱܳƵ޿ƥС
ȻǸѩī֮УϫǺͬһ֮УѺѰٵĶ֡
ԿǰǴϺ۳׵ˣմĻʱӦÿʼı뿪ѩīˡ
ϫֻǲѾͷջλеڼǵһĻԿԸŮһЩ飬ǵĻֻܿԼȥȡˡ
ϫĿģͨŮۣ˽һЩɽŮ洵顣
ἴĻԲὫ¸©ˡ
һ硣
ϫһӣ泵ӰȻֳ̧һ΢΢һ

Щȷεƣһ˿Ȼ֪ǡ
ϫЦŰһмҪһ£߰ɣհ㽫Ļץסʱ䣬ȥطɱһЩޡ
ޡʶͷԴأЩ¡
ղųϫ˵ɣɵǰǽѱʱأЩţоͺ˯һ۾һ綼һ
ΪҪǣǰλǰϢ֮ɲˣȻ㵭ȻȴвԾһ˿η


1630 ˭
Ѿһ졣
һ죬ϫûκи뿪֮󣬱һ·Ϸɳ۶ȥ
ǣϷֲĿҪϡ࣬Ҵ඼ɨ޵ټԵѰ١
£Ҫ̶̲һʱɱޣǲܵ顣
һ첻ٵѷжʼרĵȴĻʱ̵١
ϫδʹ˷泣һһŲƣƾӴҲʱѰٵһЩ䵥ޡ
˵Ŀϡ٣ҼΪķʱ;ʤޣϸˮܹҲһջ
Ǳֱ̬ĺʮֽжʱϫ㣬һ·Ͼٴɱϰͷȫϡ
νĻٳɶѽɽ΢ջһۻԵüΪˡ

ӿһĨϼׯ͸һ˿
ҰϣϫǾεӰ泲ʣɫԶһƬƽ
һУƴȫͿսˡ
̸ϼҲ̸ڴֻһβΪһε;һš
һֹ̣ǳϫЩмصӵܣЩǿϵĴǣЩֲڸϵ޵ߣԶ뽫ĿͶ˲񷡣
ĺ٣һǰʢͽֳĻ
˶ڴţڴ԰ϵΡ
˵˭Ӯͷ۾һ֮ΣۣƬÿһط
Ȼ
Ǵ˵Ļشһشĺԥʮ㡣Ϊ߸һλٺ𣬸ΪһһֱռŵһλãδԽ
˼ᶨΪֵܼһԭڡ
ǿδأǸѰİ£Ѿ߱˳һ͡
Ҳв˳ֲͬ׷϶ڳϫĴ£һλȻԴһ漣
֮ԸƶϣҲԭģΪЩһ泵ʵ̫ˣ춼һֲ˼ٶš
ټгѰѱǿһƥɱǰʮһ֮λĺ
Ψһźıҹڷһս԰񵥺ûг֣ûȡõľɼ
ҲеƲ⣬ǱЩ˷ˡ
֮ǰһֱռŵڶķûȥע
ԭܼ򵥣ڴ֮ǰѱ̭֣ɼûˣȥ˹ע
֮εʱ̣࣬Ҳ˱泡
Ϊǵһ͵ڶΣȻе

ִۣûзЩǿϵĴ֮䡣
Ϊ϶ȡõһΣһΪһֱǵһɼҫޱȡ
һҲΪǿǸ泵ηٿ죬վ֮ŲСĲ࣬ʱȫܳԽˡ
ȴغһϸڣǴʱжϣǽǰ԰еĳɼϡ
ͽ췢һУǲδǵ
Ҳע⵽ˣȴΪʱУܷŤתˡ
ڴˣŮһֱĬԣ֪ܵһеĿҲû˿ЩʱǱһɴµĴǷһĨ޵Ļȣζ
ˡ
Ŀһ̣ǲ֮ٿȻһȻ⣬糱ˮչ
һɲǣеĿⶼһʱ˵һλá
һ˸֮ǵһλϣһҲ𽥱
泣
ӳҰ˶״ͣƵģȴǲӿһƬκˡ
һ̣ѻȸռžȴѱ𶯵޷ƽ
Ǵʱʤ
ž
ڴīղеĲ豭飬ȴƻȻĿǵһ֣ǽס
ۣ
д͵һھˮͨ죬ԵΪǱ
Ҳɫ졣
ϳź۳ˣʱҲ֪ʲôǷŭ飬ɫһӱޱȡ
泣
ڣһֳţƬںȻһ
Ȼ
ôܣȻһڤڵСѾͷԽˣ
죬ⲻڿЦɣ
Ҳ¶ˣȻ泣Ҿ֪ǳѰİ£յο϶ᷢ⣡
һ̣ȡõһʱЩԭΪܹȡõһǣҲסеЩ𾪡
Ͼ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ƕȥ϶ˣƫƫӦˣ
һӱ÷ڣΪ泶𾪣ҲΪϧѡ

ôᡭ
һϣٺЩǵһλ泣ߵʱҲЩš
ʦ֣ǱǳѰʱҾµЩֻû뵽⾹ķˡ
ŬԼԵƽȴһĨƵĿɬƣ޷ɢ
ǰҲµˣȥʱЩŵĸоٺ̾ɫԸӡ

ˮǣˮƹЩвұ̭ĵӣڳ֮󣬱㱻Ųˡ
㣬㣬˵Ҹô죬ᶼĻˣҡγʧˣ
˿̣׻ˣ˫ץסڣдһ˿ǻ޷򶨡
ͳϫ֮¶Լڱ̭ʱ֪Լʧˣأһ˿ңϣǳѰҲᱻ̭֣һ㲻ʤˡ
뵽ǳѰǵûб̭֣һٰȡĵһܽܵˣ
һ̣񱻾޴ݺУ˶ҪûȥԶԼʧܺ³
ӣһԵӡ½ͬҲɫ࣬顣
ͬҲû뵽
Ϊ֮ƣֻȥʦǰ棬ܰæԼٺò
һɫеޱȵĳͱȴòνƲ˱ˡ
ԶԶԣӴ˵Ķԣץݣæͷһ˿ĸо
⸱ֻüŭѣ˹Ȼǽڿԣ
ʦ֣ʦųҲõĻָô죿æҲЩµܵǸˡ
Ǿ͡âһɱ
޷Լ˴
÷ϻ֪ˣαصԼһܰæѾ御ˡ


1631 Ϊϲ
ģҲܹöԷ˱̬ѾǼޣʲôˡ
һҧӦǺãôˣ
㣬㡭Ҳҵ𣿡едŷŭ
ž
̲סݺݳ˶Էһ⣬ǳ죡㿴ڳʲôˣ
һƴպףԴЩ£ȴѹʶԼ϶᲻Լġ
λȤԸѰǼһĻǿԺǴϺһ
һȻԱ𣬰϶ѷҰС
ˣһľһϲҪӦȴһۣŵûӲȥ
Ǹҵʱû뷨ӵȻڣֱӾܾ
ѷЦЦΪȻͷȻˣҵҲǿ˵ţܵת뿪
㣬СҲѴϸˣΪβ֣һԸСӣɻȴȥӡ
ֻǶԸһѰѣҪʹ𣿡Ӱƽȴһ⡣
ǣǡæЦ
ʦã߰ɣһȥʦųֱתȥ
ɶʲôģƿڴɫһһףջǻȥ

һЩˡ
Ұϣϫ˫ָ԰ϵʱҲס΢΢һȣЦ
һ泸ˣһҲΪ泻õһ֮ԼȫҪʲôᣬܵŮ۵ĽӼˡ
ϫοĵط
һҾȻĵһ⡭òΰɣ
Ǽ״ΣС΢΢԰񵥣Բš
ϫȻû뵽СѾķӦ֮
ʵһ룬һ·Ӵִ̫սɽ硢ѧԺУ֪˶ٵһѶԴ˾ռߣԲܻǰ㼤ˡ
ǰΡζлˣ˵˵ţȻʣۿڡ
ϫŶԷⱾ͸ģԺ·򲻿ɾʹиˡ
˿ݺݵͷǰѵǡ
ѵ
ϫЦѾͷԼ̫äĿ羴ˣɲá


ϣ԰һ󲨶Ȼʧ
һٿȻƬ֮Уÿһϡ
žžž
һ̣ϫڵеЯġ͡Ȼ飬һɹʱ֮ǹЮסϤ
ˣһʱʹĻ
˶ò˶ãǳѰ泵һУ㽫쫷ɢѩīУ䶯£Ϊ֪

ˮƹ
һʱղ˴мֵһӣԼߵߡūˮƹǰ
ˣ
һڵӼˣԶסһɫ䷺һĨڴ֮ɫȡʱˡ
ʱˮƹǰĿһɨЩӣ㵭Ů۴롣
˵ţˮƹٿȻ浱ת˽ȥ
ϫ˽Զɫһٺ˼룬볯ˮƹȥ
ˮƹڿռ伫󣬻ֺ׳뵡ׯ֮С
˿̣ϣŮһϮۣͷڣ޳ԼӰϣƣǿհ䣬ɢһϡ
·࣬һѩīĴζһɫȻȳչֵ쾡¡
˲һݣ˸
ݼŮ۴ˣ
ϫ˽󣬽ԶŮ
񡣡
Ůۻ˻֣вⷢԲĻܹǧӱһ֮ܣֵ͡
ͳƽȴһֱĵ
䣬һԵ֣һ̴һ̣ʢһɫƿ
һĻٵнԶһĨȣǼ˲Ͳ³ƿбȻԵ򵤵ʦƵġƻ񵤡
һֿ԰΢޵̨⣬ƾ񾳵ϡ񵤣
ڳϫȶԣȻԴûȤŮһӾóϰٵġƻ굤ʱɲһ࣬ȴֱʣҲֻŮ۲ܰ쵽ˡ
ˣǰĵԼߵ£뿪ϢŮ۴˻ᰲϯΪء
濪ڣ¡¡쳹ˮƹ
£󲿷ֵӽԶת뿪жʱֻʣ泡ϫٺԼһߵߡ
ǻǴ˴ĵз罣ܣѩī򶥼ڣ÷ʣݰףûжټΪرĵط
˲ĿģǷ罣ߵߣһϮͨ£磬ݸ㡢ʳɽһĸơ
ĺӣһ䲻ٺӡѷ˴󣬵ȴΪ͵ģԵΪĪ⡣
ৣ
һӣĿⶼ£ӵϣϸȥֱ棬ѷ֣Ŀⶼڴϫ
ĿҲ£ڹٺĺϣڻǰ泡罣ˣûٹע
ҲԶ˴У𵽴õģЩӣЩߵߣ
ϫڴ˴еı֣ɾһƥҫ۵޷ԡ
ֻЩϫĿȴƣϳš۳£ϫĿԶһ˿޵ŭ
ڴˣϫõĺƽ۹۱ǱǹģֱӽĿⶼԵˡ
ȴЩ΢΢ĲڣڿຮгǾȺ棬в㷲˫ȭԾȻ߬彩Ӳʯ
͡
ȻǴϳĿһɨ泣סЦλ뿴˴εһȻŵúˣȥǳΪһЦɡ
͸һĨ޵ĳ
һڴǽԶȻвҲǸЦׯնʱɢ١
Щ泶УȴɫһӱˣЩңĻ뵽ׯطЩоԼ̣һʱնǺ죬
ηԱԼޣɵһʱȴɲηԾͰԼ̬ŵüͣ״ʱŻԵ޴롣
ϫʱüƳһԶţҲ͵һЦȻԶȱΪϲϼһǰһţȴòˡ
˻һȫΪ֮һ


1632 
һӱţѹֵ˺ѡ
Ϊϲ
Ů۵Ŀ£һѩīǵǰϫڣǴϳԷԴη̣˶ס
Ϊ˭Ҳûһˣȳ˵޼ɵĻ
һ˲ѣٴϫĿⶼЩӣƾͬ顣
ٺаԸпһ䣬ǣȡý֮ɾͣһȻѰɱȡ
µ͵ĺҲǺƳһ۳ϫ㼴ջĿ⣬ĬȻ
ϵŮһ˿͸롣
Եȴüչ
ʱˣ𶯸мԸӣû뵽ʱ˿̣ߵĳϫ᲻ϧ׵һҲҪͷ
һʱ֮䣬죬ѻȸ
ž
͵أǴϳҲƲסһǰϣľм׷ɣ
õ
뷢ŭţŭģô˵棬ȻһСһΪϲֱϣ
ΪҪǣԭЩӵܱϫһ˵֮оͶԺ߼Ϊ˿ֱϫƺĿٰס
һŭǬױ䣡
˿̣ŶŭһǴĿֲٿȻסϫֱҪɱ
Ѱֻ类һɿֲѹøεѣ̱ˣ
˽Զɫ΢䣬Ҫݳͷ
Ǿǣǿɲѹ֮£ϫǻȻεɽȻɫƽȻƤûգһ¡
·𡭡һжܴκ˺
ʵҲȷˣһ̵ĳϫûýȥ⣬ƾΪ㽫һѹ
ͬʱаЦ֮ǰǸ߿ϼһˣѹ̫֮Ͻ̵Ҷǲ࡭
һ룬ϫ̬ݣŵɫȴǱ
һĻֱǽԶԾѣС˲ð
ǿǺڲ֪ǰ̤֮һΪЩҲһģСȴܲŵѹϮЩˡ
ѩīĶ޵Уֻ¶ܰ쵽һˣ
СڴϷϷĪΪϷ򲻸ҳ㣿
ųڣĿ⿪ؼɱ֣͵һ̽Юһɿֲԣϫݺɱȥ
¡
ʱձ飬һ֮֮ǵƣѰɱȡ
һӣɫ䣬žȻĶˣ
泸ǾòʧУΪԼóϫͷԻһӡ
һ̣ϫУһĨâϼһﻹ浱Լӣ
Ȼתָ̻֮Ѵ⣬϶ȻǾͳȫ
ۼϫԭأҲƱ˰㣬ŴǲһĨмɱǿʢҪ˶ŵģûһ³
ɾǹҪɱڳϫʱȻһö𡪡ֳɺͳˮƹ
һĨ̻ɫ˳ϫǰһŵĹ׻⡣
˽ԶһݣŮ۵ֶ֮ֱѴﵽһ޷Ħĵز
Ů۴žŭЩʣЩá
ͬʱϫָаһ̾϶ȴŮ۲ֹҲ΢΢Щơ
ǳϫΪѺղͬնټִжϳŵܻ̫ϽҶϫԲηͶԷһսˡ
֮ǰЩԾԾԣҪͨսȷһ£Լսﵽ˺εȵز
ڡһж޷ʵˡ
ôŵѶԱп
ϣŮڣƽڤڤûɵأһׯࡢʥۻʰĿɲϢٿȻڴڳжһ²ѡ
ͬɫ䣬һһףպ޺޵һ۳ϫλãɫѡ
Ů۵ƣΪѩīǧףû˸Ϻǡ
˼ˣпϫãŮ۳ֻ֣һغˡ
ǿɲ֪ϫͲŮ۲ִ¡
λϷ򲻵òһ䣬ˮƹΪǰӵܰ䷢ʱ̣ϣ鲻ҪٷǵŮ۴˵ˣ
ĮȻڣЩ
ŵɫһѿǰ棬ֱ޲÷ȥ
ɼˣǰԾһжһҪСסݺԽͷ֮ޣ
ŵ˼˶ܲ²⵽ϫȻҲܣֻͲںνֱ֮뿪ѩīˣĻЩˡ
һ˵µʱ׷ɱԳϫԣҲ첻ɶвˡ
ϫɵģţѷЩӵܣǱĴϣ˶ѡ

һ粨䶨
ܿ죬㽫䷢ǰӵĽ
ĽһȱͼƤϳ¾ɣصĻϢǲ
罣ܽͼ֮ת־ͽߵĺӣʦ֣Ӧõõġ
ĺӵҲ˵ͷ
˵ͼǣһԵѰٵ벻ջ
վֻһݲȱͼޣټϲȷʲôô϶ԣȴЩֽˡ
ڶĽһ鱦ѪǾޱ
˱ѩī֮УһŭŵǾޱƬƬУȷ£ʮƬѪһƾ˵⡣
ʩչԵʱܹһƬѪǾޱ磬ɱУĪ⣬ɱ
ŮżȻһϷٵãȴǵ
һʱ֮䣬ٴжס¶һĨۣ鱦ÿһһ޶ܴСǼֵǺ鱦ܹȵģ
ҪѪǾޱٺȴ߾ܾ˱£ΣԼΪʺŮʹá
ٺ֣ⷬĿ⣬ԾַܱȺؽ󣬵ȷС
һĽǻһŮ۵ָ㣬Ĺʱ¶֪һڴɲһ̾Ϣ
ǵǿ泣ǸоȾѻᣬһֻж΢ΪСѾͷУδ̫˷ˡ
ŮǺε׿ָ㣬мõ
޷л洦ͨһָ㣬ѵǺŮ۽һԵԺȥʱ˭ҵ
ͺñȰʦգʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵˣ


1633 ̧
ѾͷǺ踣ͷ˾˰
дﰵп
ֻһƽӹŮѣȴܹõϫһ·ջһǼõŮ۵ָ㣬β˸п
˵ܹڲ֮䣬˻츲صı仯Ӷı켣
泵ķӦǳ˲ٴϣͬҲͬǷ罣ܡһҪһĽϫ
˲ͬǣڳϫľܾ֮£ǲϴӦ˵ϫܣҲҪ⽱ˡ
һĻֱһڴǿ಻ѣ˵Ҳʼ泣Ѿͷ̰ͼøжͼʵѵá
ڴˣϫҲЩΣһ·ӵԼʽĻҪָ㣿
οɽ֮·ǺԶͬԷΪģҲȥָ㡣
⻰ֲܽΪһ˵ԻһֿĿŮá
ô죿
ŮǾǿᶨϫЩͷۡ
ǽŮ۴˵ʹ͵ˣüڣЩá
һЩԶЩֻ
Ǵš£Ͳóϫ˭Ҳòˡ
ɳϵ鷢ˣŮۺȻڣȻ˹ͬá
˽ԶһҲԣ
һֶסЩۺ죬ԭܹýֻһ泶ѣֶѰֱûˣ
ź¼ˣƵòѪû뵽ƾᷢչȵزŮ۴δҲ̫ƫ˰ɣ
ϫͬҲ΢΢һס泵֣볯Ů񣺡лŮ۴̧
ˣҲȥɣϼǵǰμ硣Ůۻ˻֡
£ϫ泡ٺ罣ܡĺ빰֣˳ˮƹ

ˮƹ⣬ˮɽׯҲǳϫЩӵܵμʱ۵ĵط
ֻ˿̣ɽׯеȴǱٺܶࡣ
Щб̭ĵӣ඼Ȼ뿪ԸٶƬĵء
ȻҲһСֲѷǣӡǣڤ½ǡ
ЩԼĪˣ֮⣬ЩȡεĵˣϳϫڣҲϰ֮
˿̣ЩӵܽԶˮɽׯУ̸Ʒ޴û뿪
Ϊ˶ãŮ۰ŵʢ㽫ʼ£˭Ը뿪ˡ
ʦǳˡ
ϲʦ֣ϲʦá
ٺӴг֮󣬶ʱһȺΧкѲѡ
вֹڵĵӣҲĴˣд˿ɼٺѩīһӰε֮ˡ
ڵķ罣ܺĺӣ˿ҲǱһȺΧסò֡
Ψϫһʱһ䳡ˣٲȻһʽĳ棬˵ĿнԶΪӣмɵų⡢еӣһ㡣
˵ٻһ֮󣬱ܵ׷ģȴò˵ЩΡ
ףһΪǳϫ泣֮ǰǺûʶ
Ҫǣ˶Уϫۺʹ󶥼ĵһԸ׵ˡ
£˭Ҹǿ
ǿɲΪЩӱ󶥼ӵܳˡ
ϫǲںЩ泴ȺѰһƧ䣬һƨ
ͬں˫ϥڳϫԱߣǰ˵󣬱뿪ѩī򣬵ʱܲܡҲң
ϫһЦʼؼǣԼȷҪȥء
̧׵Сǰȥ̶ѨҲãǿຮƫԶ֮ҲգֻҪҸУҶνġ
ԴǳϿңһĨڴ
ϫͷİɣҿ϶ᶪ㲻ܵģϾҲΪңܵۺʹǵĳӡ
żˣǰǣŶԣǸҡ
ˡϫδϵҰźг̣Σ
Щʧǵ˵ͷ
ϫ֪Է䣬ȴûȥοĳ̫࣬ϵĶҲ̫࣬޷֤Լ԰ȫ£СѾͷԼߣ
ȻǰȺһ궯һ˾ֱϫ
Ϊ׵ĺȻ۳£߻ӡ½ˡ
һ˺ƺƵϫʱ˲Ŀע⡣
ѵҪǸѰˣ
˵׼ϾҪʼˣʱȥǸѰ鷳Щס
۷׷ףǶһڵв̭ȫɳϫһǣֻ¶ʲˡ
ϫü䲻Ըջվɲ뱻˸˵
Сһ㲻ؽţ˴Ϸǰ㣬ֻ̧֣һԼ
ϫǰ㣬ڱ˵ٲȻǰԾӡ
ֻҪҵܵܵĶԼ֮ĶԹһʹһԷɿ˵
Լ
һͷˮȴˣѰĵܵʲôԼϧ³ϵ˵ͣ
һԱߵϫжʱȻȴԼȻ£нĵοҼˣѵĻ᲻鷳
üͷһ壬ЩãԭͲԸǰɿסӺֻǰȴ뵽ǰСһ˵ǿӲ
ɫһô˵ǴһֱԿȥˣУѴһĨв
ϫЦˣֱ£˵ʲôжԿʼգֻ䲻ˡһƽԴᣬ۵ӱ̭ˣҪͷϣ˱̭ǷҲһҪ˵ʲôʲôԣ
˻һڳ˹ǽԶ类ֵ̭ģһĻЩΪϫ߷߲ƽ
ɫʱ뵽ǰСһտڲ̸Լ飬ƫƫЩ˵£ֱǿɶ֮
ǣĿ֮£缴ٵʱֱ̣ӳ֣оֱȳӬܡ
ߣܺãȻǵʮ㣬ϣ´μʱҲܱȵˣ
۾ӳϫãһݻתȥ
ˣ˲Ӻסû뵽ǵûɣŭʦ塣
˸ǰ಻ѣѰ湻ӲģµӶ
ͨ
Ȼ͵عڵأϫͷѣأ԰󣺡ҴˣĴˣѰִ˴ˡһΡ
һӶ


1634 
˭Ҳû뵽Ŀ֮£ݣ᲻̬ϡ޹ֱ¹ϫߵװԭ¡
һӣ˶סˡ
ϫ΢΢⣬аһ˹Ȼ޳ܣ
£ֻ»ᱻԼ̫Ᵽһ¹лء
ϾȲùٺѷɺôҲڤһķô䱻˱ޱȣɶԲ˽˶ԣֻҲΪԼ̫
ž
Աߵһƺݺݳףһ򣬳˹غ«
ҷϣ棡üɫ࣬÷ȥ
ҲҲȥ뿪
Ȼһѹ˲Щٴ¹ãధѡ
̬ȣֱ΢˼£˱Ĳֽ֮࣬סɣʲôԼƵ϶Ҫˣ
һʱ֮䣬ϫĿⶼˣмɵһĨŭ
һﲻһ˴Ϻ۵ĵӣƵڤڵ¹Ǹֱ̫ˣ
־棬ϫҲüڳԭв˶ԼгɼǴϺ۵ӸǶԼӲѡ
£ԼȥֻͣҲû˻ˡ
ǰȻϴǾԭһΰɣףôҲҵʦ֡
һԵ泺ȻڣɫΪƽ
ϫüҪλʦ֣ȵòҲμӲˡ
ףҺ֮ĶԹǰѰ̫࣬Щ黹ɡ
˵
ϫȻˣСѾͷǴԼֵΧѹء
ʦãʦִˣĴˣ治ð㣬ҷģԺٷȴˣæߵװѡ
ǵȵͼ΢˶һһô㣬ǳˣò˶ãѩī޵綼֪£һڤڶΪ߲ѡ
һԼȴ治ںˣѷңֵ̿˼£ΪԼһжԼԼǵ¹лҪԷ
һͳΪһʱֱܽܵˣ
Ȼޱȵ¹󣬿УܺùԷ
ף赽˼£ʵҲȨ֮󣬲Żġ
ɣ
ˣϫɣ³֡
ԭˣ
һϲ͵ߵʮΣӣ뿪
ˣΧֻҡͷ̾Ϣ湻ûģԺֻ»ΪѩīһЦˡ
ڳϫɵˣУϫٲȻ˼Σյĸ߶ȡ
ǵѷӵȶӵܣȻȵлֱײе˼¡

һ˰裬ȴ˴ʢ᳹׽ʱֻ²ֹǣۡڤڶŹˡ
ԶȺУ콫һжУסЦ
˵ĲΪŮ۴ڣ˸ڴ˶֣һһнҲǴӱ֮ʱ
ѷ°ͣбһƬǴϻδԹ˴𡭡ñ
ʲôԣȴӲס
ȷԶǸѰǵǸĩ֮ȫûļһ
ⲻص㣬صǣ񶼻ǵãԷЯ䱦ͭǮʹ鱦
ˣ»һ֪ΪãǱ֪ɱС֮󣬾ûʲôݶˡ̰սʤǣ㽫һкг

ܿ죬ҹĻ٣ˮɽׯƻͨѵĻض
ˮƹڣѰϯʼȡ
Ů۶·ֱѩī˷Ĵ
£ǳϫȡεӵܣԼЩ䱻̭һ޵ߡ
֣ƼЦ̣ʢᡣ
Ů۾ٰһʢĿģһΪЩȻɼĵأһ棬Ҳṩһƽ̨ѩīЩһһһ˴ʶĻᡣ
վŮ۵ĸ߶ȣҪ˸ԶԺѩī򣬱Щ˵£ΪΨһľͨԼӰΪЩӵṩһչңͬдƽ̨
Щӵ֮ĦͶԹиͲ£Ħо޵֮·Թʤ̭ݲκεЭ
ȥСѾͷͳѰһҡŮĿһɨ㼴ߵԸ
ͷüԥŮ۴ˣǸѰЩ
ض˵Ů۴ϵһһõĹ
㲻
Ѱ֣Ҿһ
ϫϺȻһŤͷȥȴԱ߰빺󷽵ĹٺƱЦԼ
ٵ̫ˡ³ϫҲǾٱһʾ⣬һ
һ磬ЩһȺӵһ򣬱˴˵İ빽ţҲΪ˷㽻
ЩѰ֮Ƕ޷ߵġ
ϫʹ죬ǹٺ𲻽ٴ΢΢һЦðһ䣬ͣǷ֮񾳲еǰ
˻һ泡罣ܽԶźۼͣж˶䡣
ʯĺӣԼǼΪӳϫӡѷˣԶһ۾Դ
ϫע⵽շ΢ı仯룬㼴ҡҡͷ
δ˵ʲôǹԭڵڽʱȷԼҲǳ˷֮ϣɽֻһɲǼ䣬ͱͼƬһϣҲĨȥ
Ϊ䣬ϫҲöԴ˶˵ʲô
ϫҡͷ泡˽Զ΢΢һӡѷ򰵰һ
ҲǲԸϫ̫ҫۺ
ϧѩīǧУӵ񾳴ڣЩȴδһ˵ֳڷϣⲻò˵һź
ǹٺһƣпѡ
ʦ֣˵Բزò˶ãȻԽʵһʱ֮֮ˡ
һЦ˵һ˿
ٺȻЦȻĬˡ
˼ˣнԶסԾѣڣǶء
һʱ֮䣬ٺ񶼱ˣ˽˻ƵƵٺ𾴾ƣάѡ
ٺҲˬ죬߲ܣҲֲѡ
Ψڳϫߣ˹ٺ˵ϼ仰֮⣬˶㣬ϫѣԵΪ塣
ЩΪĴƣϫ׵˼ע޷գʶ˭ҲԸʱˣⱻǣ


1635 º
壬ϫȴȻԵãͷһлƷĸ߹ȣʳĿ޲ǺģƵľˮ
Уϯֱ紫˵е㣬޷Ѱٵõ
ϫ˳ЩζζͻȴЩǿ⣬оԼȥ⿣Իá
ϾҲһλĸɫʵʦ
ѩī࣬˵صóȻҲǷֻ֮Щϧǿлţûлȥһˡ
ϫȻһ̾ǻѰһЩģ¼һܺƷʣѩī޷ʵˡ
鱦·¡СףÿһַƷͳΪ׾Ʒ
һƷ񱦣㱻ͳΪ½񱦣ܹ΢á
Ʒ񱦣н񱦣ӳ㶴
Դƣ߰˾ƷϽ񱦣Ϊ׼ı
鱦ǿƷ½׺ҪǿһЩȴƷнǿ
Ҳ˵ĳϫ̤㶴񾳣ѿ񾳵ԲزеĽȴأڶ΢ˮ׼ȻԶԶϫս
ԣ񽣣ܱǵ֮
źǣھԭ򣬳ϫûѩīжයҪƷʵĻҲֻһһˡ
Һã˽ϻս׽ˡ
Ҳգ˴Уȡ˴޺ˣԶһһʲƵĲƸʱѰٸطʱѲΪǮͷˡ
ϫĬĬ˼ţΪԼжгﻮ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻһдˮƹ
һƢ뵶ŵ֮ϣ˵
һĻʱôֵΪ֮һ˶ͣж˴⡣
ЩҲ⣬ֻɫо棬ҲɻȻδµʲô
ΨϵŮۣһԼԼܹһƵɫâȻŷ
Ů۴ˣƺǡĿȻһâƲ²⵽ʲôĮȻϷһ˿ɫ
׼ӭ͡Ů³֡

룬ءﶼƺһɲǱþ
ֹɫһĨɣ⶯䲻󣬿ȴƵϾˡ
˭ˣ
һĿע£ڵҹϣٿȻʻһ
绮ҹһĨ⣬ҫ۶Ŀ
һ̽𡢹ׯܹ࣬ʮƣƵ㣬ǰͷ񿥸ߴĻϣͷųһ˵ơ
㳵
ͫȻһ¶һĨ𺳣ϳⱦ
˱Ϲ֮жһңǱµ۾֮ݣʮ򣬴ǧ
ѵǹµ۾ݹ٣
𾪣ţϼ򿿽򣬺ƥԶѩīɱȡ
ǹ´ۣ˸£ͱ۾ޱ۾Ϲڶ֮ĸľ
һУϫһ֪ʶ̸϶ྪ棬ϾЩרݣѰٶ񹂵ܳ׷ɱ䡣
ܿ죬˾ͰһҰУǻ㳵ͣ˴⣬һһλߵͬ£˱
Ȼ˴ǰģǹµ۾
ɲҵΪܹ㳵ǰģݾԲˡ
ۣưɫгֳһĵƣӿ޷εĿ
ԶԶһ֪ӷѰ˸콾ӵ԰Ⱥ׵츳ʱ
ߵߣԵüΪѰºñͨݵţಽߡ
Щȴһݣǵͣ޷ߵǳ
һһ٣˻㳵һâɣһɲ⣬ȫնǱóš
һƬУ˫ָ֮Уÿһӿâ£֮
ϼ򣬽ƽŮֱۡǰŶ㣬Ȼ΢΢һ֣Ц
ŮۣҲһڵȻ֮⡣
ϼ


Щۣ˽ԶһϣһȻǹ´۵ĺᣡ
Ϊǽǹ´۵޵֮أҪǣ˽֪´۵ֱ
ԳƽĻ²Է
һ̣ϫס̧ͷƳƽıӰһۣҡҡͷͷ
ԷپˣҲһǿ߶ѣֺԼ޹ϸҲȥע
Ժ֮ô࣬ѵһҪȥעһɣ̫ʱˣҺ塣
Ŷϼ㸸ʱŲѧɶôˡŮۿڣˮҲһ㵭Ȼ
ϳ˶Էǹµ۾ϥµʮӣЩϼм
ŮԳԾӣ̸ѧ֮ʱƽɫ֮䲻һͣ͹Цû뵽Ů۴˻ǵҡ
װ¡¡죬˽Զüһ湻ģǹµ۾ĺᣬŮҲվѡ
֪ѩīкιɣŮȴǻ벻⣬Ȼڡ
ɵ̸ϣֻżȻڴˣ˵˴ٿһĻ̲ס棬һͬˡ
ƽȻЦŮ۴òҲɣ
ԭֻ·
˼ˣԸп⹴µ۾ĺͷô󣬳ˮƹҲֳ˴󶯾ֻҲֻŸôˡ
ԶԵӭ
ŮۺȻĿһɨλΪǽܣϼµ۾ϥµʮӣ޵񲻹̤꣬㶴񾳣ǲɶõ콾ܡ
ԣԶȻ
Ů۴˹ˣ˴ҲΪѰٸͬд轻Ļᡣ
ƽ˶٣ѻѩī콾ӵܣ֪ܷñӽ˻ᣬʹֽһ
˵һͦˣӿĿɨȫ
Ȼ߲ƣ
ԣнԶһݣԷǰҪЩ񾳵ӷս
һӣնȻóŽ
һ湻ĵġϫüֹһ䣬ƽĴɤų޷רݡ
ϧѾˡŮҲЩ⣬ƽڡ
˵꣬ͱƽЦϣǰдѻϯ֮սˣδ̫Ȥ
һ£ŮۺüӿһĨƱƽ̬ȼŭ


1636 һ
ŮüЩá
ӦһӰ಻סλѣ㶮أѩī򣬿ɲϼ򡣡
һ꣬Щƽİ档
˵仰Ҳ̫֣ƽԣǶʱǣһĨĻȣЦ¶һѩݡ
սңԹԱ죬ֻƵֻᶯƤӡ
˻ԵÿޱȣǼŭŮ޵ߣŮ۶ұǣ
д˿ɼƽжô޼ɵ޼ɡ
ɫʱǺ죬ȻҿɲĳЩһ֪ƻء
أ˼ŷĿɲЩԼƽȣɫܣձѡŤ
˵ʱ͵һץ¡һڣâڣ㱼ڣץסһֻ
꣡
첲Ӳ˺ϣѪ䣬һҽС
˽Զ궯ŭޱȣһ̫ţһԲϱֱ֣޷֮
Ҳв𺧣ѪڵӣλеڶʮߣҲһλҫ֮콾񣬾ǲһ
ϫУӹһĨȻ㼴ָ
ķҲָ𱾹ӣƽЦԽãδֹж͵һ֣һ¡
һʵˣԴɣ
ˣ
ڴʱŮ³֣ͬʱһ˸ƽһ⡣
ǺǣŮ۴ڹҳ̫𣿡ƽһȻģЦ˵
˼ˣԶŭһֱ̫ţ̫ˣ
ūµ۾տʮүģŮֱƽԴ⣬ƽߵߡ
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ƽ˫ָ˹˵òɢʣͨɫƣ貶Ŀһ׹ȼգƲһ
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˵䣬̧֣޴â֣γһǵӺݺɨȥ

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һڵӺȻһһĴڣ񣬾һ߹㱻ܡ
һʱ֮䣬ϲӵܽԶԥǰ
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⧲֮£ֻܾٽֵȴõѪڣЩʧأȴѾ·硣
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ѪŽȫ˺ۣԵڵأҲ
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ǺǣôûˣղһǽҪսôȫˣ
ƽһɨˣÿϵĵɫԶһһףߺ֮ȴû˸Ӧս


1637 Ҳ
ƽĿɨˣɫԼӣٳӦսȻ̾ʧҡͷԭΪۼѩī񾳸֣һǺǡ
û˵꣬һ䡰Ǻǡȴ̶֮ǰм飬̼ôò
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˾ͺȻƽ׵һӲٺͭǹɡ
ƽӰݺһٺ类ʮɽײɲǼϣڱѪݺݵ˳ȥ

ͬʱһƿնȴƽ͵һץסƾһͽ촷ۡ

ƽתħгЮǧâ磬˺ʱգѷѹȥ
صһ޹Ǵ󹭴жѣѷҽһڡѡһؽľֱͦͦɳս֡
Щ̫ˣ˶Ӧٺѷͬһʱܱ֮
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ЩǣԶɫ࣬ѿ֮
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֣ԭĻҵ΢΢һȻӿһĨ԰Լôһ
һʱ֮䣬Ŀⶼͬһһľ빣빺󷽣ϥһӰ忡ȳǳϫ
Ŀϫסһ֮̾Գٳ͵ڣηԷҲǹΪĲһˮ
Ͼַѩī֮ڴ⣬ڴУһֱΧų⣬Ŀǳͷˡ
˵ҲΪƽɵѷЩһﱻʱлЩġ
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Ѱܻұѩīٸһ˿鷳
Ȼϳһöͳϫ̧ͷһԶŮۣԷһԼĿ֮⡣
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˵ţһٿȻս֮УĿ⵭ȻŶƽ㲻Ҫսô㡣
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ƽưޱȣųϫдһĨӣҪҪٽм֣
˵ţĿһɨܣߣڳ˭ģһҲԣӿѾûȥˡ


1638 ѹ
˲㶼ԼˣƽҪЩĵһϣ
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˶вڣ̫ǿˣǶסͷƤ飬ֽ֮Զһظп
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һܼʱ˼һж̼ƽҪ


1639 Ұܶȥ
ˣ
뱩ŭƽ͵һ̤棬ٴγɱ𣬻â磬гһƥǬ֮
ϫû֮ӲƴĽޣԷսһ鱦ӲƴƱضԼ
ৣ
Ӱһٴʩչȥ⡱һֹصĽǶٿȻ

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һڴ޷ƽоǳѰأͬѰ

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ۡ
һĽ׽͸ƽмܣڽʱУֱͳ˻ӣһһɨУ˺۲࣬Ѫ飬͸Ǳ֮
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˼ˣнԶ𶯣Ľӽ˸ΪѰֻŮۻһӦˡ
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޷־棬ĳﻮУϫ뿪֮ʱǱǴ˵һ̣ȻԳûӳϫʬ䱦ͭǮʹ
˭룬ƾչȵز
ҷģԼһȥԼ˳ֶԸϫȻ⵽ܾˡ

ô
ѵһƤߣ
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գ͵һҧ͵վָԶĳϫλһɲѩī޵ߣǴ½зĩ֮ūţ
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˲ţЩżٴεβ˵䱦ͭǮ鱦Ѱӵеģ


1640 ͱ
䱦ͭǮ

ʱ˲һһƬ̡
ЩڣԶƲš
ֹǲͬѰֱǺţ
һڴԣ鱦Բİˣһ̫Ͻ̽һɽ֮ˣϹĸʢ
Ϊؼǣ̫Ͻ̺ɽͷǰͳ񣬱һֱͬˮ𣬻
˵ǰѰһ˾Ȼͬʱӵ˷ֱ̫Ͻ̺ɽһֱ
һһ޵߲˽ЩɵĿôеձ仯Ŀһڴϵľ֮ɫʱҲףµȷǷͬСˣ
һʱ֮䣬ĿϫĿⶼˣһĨɲɫʡ
һѵǴ½ǵϹе޵ߣ
ģǼֱ˼
ΪǵĹУһ½ˣԶɿ֮ūޱȡ
һϵĲͬ޹Ϊ
һ̣ϫ忡ϿƽһԺȴһĨɱһš
ƥﻳĺԴӲμ񣬱һֱδô䱦ͭǮ
ȴ룬ͷȴһһУ˽¶óϫβŭ
ΪҪǣһ¶ЩҲǱ¶ݣ̫Ͻ޿ײֲò˶ãˣ
죬ɸҶԼ˵Ļ𣿡ȻȻڣƴеĳš
оһʵǻ֮ǰϫЩѩīһһΣѣ첻֪жͼȴһ蹷Ƶһҧǲá
˽ԶһĿԣԶЩõؿ졣
Ǵϵĳü⾿ô£
ˣίƵģеҸҶ췢ģû˵ѣ
˶٣ȻһҧɫԹųϫλ֪ĩ֮򣬾һɱҴˣһֱշҳľŲҲɥ֣֮£ܻϴˣ
ɫԹޣ𵴴
һһذըô˽Զҡҷ޷򶨡
ԭѰȾͺг𰡣ֲУһٽЩӵȫ̭ˡ
һ룬ϫĲĿнԶһĨɣѵһжģ
Ѱһпɶ棿ųĿϫͱˡ
Сһ㻹ǽͽһаɡ
ߣҾ֪СΣȻˣ
һ̣ԭͶԳϫΪӵ£ԼһЩԶԴΪơ
ϫ˿̵Ĵеǧָζ
λ𣿡泺Ȼ׵СϾǷŭ
ҲʣΪҺͳѰǰһҪܵǵų⣿
ϣŭʡ
˽Զɫһ͡
ǳѰǰ֣ƽǻһΣѣѩīһõȫΪô֮Ҫ˶Դ
һ̵泣ȫȥˣϫͬܣ׳ŭ
Ŀһɨˣһһ³֣Ϊʲô
һʱ֮䣬жصǷŭʹġѹ
ƿԣȻû뵽һСѾͷ˳סЩã˴˵ʹǵĻһݵǳСѾͷ
СҵȿûгѰ˼ô˵Щˡдڣ֮⡣
Ҳ׷ס
泼ˣŭٴοڣȴϫЦֹסٶ˵
Ŀ⵭Ȼһɨˣ˵ôֻ࣬һ䣬һкй𣿡
֮ǣҵйǷӵ鱦ֺй
ǰй
ɫһͣʵƿԣЩ֪ôӺ˵
Ψ죬ϫһ˵ģĿѣеѰϣֱǱ֮
ϫɫһӱñ䣬ɱ䣬ңɱҲ
䡭
һɿɲѹѹȥŵһɫ䣬̲ס˳
оӿһĨޱ߷ߣԼȻĿ֮±ˣ
ߣݵ÷һǰߵһô޹أɱҴôˣΪջлĻ𣿡
ϫ۾УЦ֤أΪһ֮ԣͰһͷϣǴϿ湻Եġ
֤ݣ
źȻЦֻҪԹϣϷһ˴ϣ֤Ƿףǲң
ϫǷһĨεŨŨмǺǣǴƾʲôҪҹԹϣ浱ҳѰ۸ˣ
˵ţȻһ䣬ǿʢΪ̭ǴӵϼһҲƴһһҳѰǷˣ
˻һȫ𾪡
Ѱδ̫ǿˣֱϽа壬Ļһ񾳸飿
ϫԼΪ϶ŶʱŭЦ뷢һСȻսϷӦɾԵ̫ˣ
¡
˵ʱһϢһħգƾŰ˷ɲ֮
ϫǷһĨͻȣȻ塣
ۼҪһսһȻһö𡪡֣
֣ȴһ쫷磬ɨ˶һܵһϢѹ֡
ԭŵĳϫҲǺһϣܵһɾѹƣ粽У
ȻһĿע£Ů˫ָⲽϫ֮ǰ磬ɫԡ
һϮƮҷ޳ԼӰһŮ۾㣬һ˵֮
£Ҫᡣ
ĿһɨϫϣȻھԷĪҪٹ
ɢ˰ɣ˴ҲýˣѰ泣һ
ͳУŮתء
ϫУջӦ
ۼϫҪŮһʧڴɫһȻŮ۴ˣǡ
Ů㣬ͷҲأһӣ赭д
䣡
һٿȻɢһɲǼ䣬صһɳȥҽеأһ鴤޷վ
𺧣ԶҲ̫ɲһһɲǼ䱻ѹ
ϫҲǺݺһŮ۵Ϊﵽ˺εȷ˼ĸ߶ȣ
˵ˣҪᣬȴȻˣ°ɣʲôʱ֮ǰǸһǻ뿪ǵϴϡɲ˼ˡ
ŮͳڴһѰ飬ɿǵأҽеţ־棬нԶëȻ


1641 çŻ
ֱһ̣ϫųᵽѩīǧףŮ۵кε֮¡
ţҲǶеһλϣȨ죬ɽΪһ仰ͱŮ̧ѹ˵Ҫ֮ŵǸĻд˱ɼŮ۵Ϻε֮ߡ
ֹǳϫӵǽԶܵ𺳣ٲҿڣִŮ۵
ϫ泸ŮһڸĿע£뿪˴
ųϣ
ֱʱЩ˲ŸǰҪ̱ڵϵŷ
ɻǿͱһ
Ӵ˿̿ʼ֮ǰŮ۴˵ǸλѾֻڴ˵ˡ
֮棬ϵϺޱ飬Įһ仰һӣŸߣʼգ˸
һڴӵɫѿ粻
Ǵסᣬȫ޷ᷢչز
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôԼҴǼһݣȴûյκЧųϱ£
˶Ůۣ峤Ҳܵǣۣ
⾿Ϊʲô
벻ͨȻ
˼ˣԶסЩȻǿŮƫǸѰ
ϧҲҪôŮΪʲôǳѰ־˭ƾʲôֵŮ
Ҳ벻ͨ
Σڳϫеˣ˭Ҳ˵Ƿ½磬־Ƿӵ䱦ͭǮʹ
ȴȷϫͬѰֹӵǱʣƾһ֮ȡһһٻܹµ۾֮ƽ
Ͳˡ

٣ˮα̣Զ翵Ĳϣѣһ
ˮ룬һƽ̨뵣һӲӵڷҡҷһƢ
һؾŮ۾֮ء
˿̣ϫϥڰǰʢһ裬˱ǡ
ˮҲһֺ䣬һڣϫһʣÿһë׿ţת֮
Ůϥһǰ˿ժͷڣһͷŨٵ˿ɢ£ӳĵƽһԼ羲һݹ°塣
ΨһźɴݣѿݣΨһƺˮ
ˣһֶضصУĶǣӻ߳ӵС
ϫʱͺ棬Լʩչܷ֮ۡ񿴼ˣ뷨ȻĶȴûôˣһǾԸûʲô
ϹУͨĲܹڷϴﵽһģȴ޼
ȻŮ̧ϫܹսУͬһбܵģָ
ϫϵĲˮһڣδԡ
ټϴСһ˵һѴ²³
ŮкȻһĨƵ󣬡Сһô
ϫ²豭Ů۴˻棬ȷɽ֮ǰҲǲԸ¶ˣŮ۴˺
شĺԥ̹̹ŮһȻԭΪղˮƹء
ϫʼЦֻŮ۴Ҳ᲻ɣ
Ů۵ͷҾ͸ڰ㽻ϴá
ϫɫһ͡
Ůзһ˿Ц⣬һţʵʱұ²³ʱ̫ϽһЩͽҵңҪ֮ȥץһˡ
ϫһȻ̫Ͻ̻޿ײ룬겻ɢ
ҲδӦŮ۵ȻֹΪ㣬ҲΪάϵ˭ҪƻҵĹأõŭҵĺ
ϫȻŮһۣ֮УԷѰԼһ̫Ͻ̵Σѡ
ʵϫ̫ϽҶӶߵһ̣עԼ绹̫Ͻ̵в
ỳŮ۵ĻˣԶԷݣҲǴƭԼ
ΣλҪлŮ۴ά֮ϫ֣
Ů۰˰֣һתμȻСѾͷһΣȻҪн˵ɣзʲôɻ󣬽Կܹشģزʧˡ
ϫһ˼зʱδɬһһֱģҪ˻Ů۴õ𰸡
˵Ů۵
֪ɽŮ洵ϹɽţϫһʵĿǴһĨڴ
ŮԣĬ
֮ЩЦԷǣȤɽȴ֪ɽںηȷݣǲɽˡ
ϫʱЩΣʦʦ뿪ʱ̫æδ֮һС
Ů۵ͷʾȻȻ֪𰸣ҪҸҲܼ򵥣ȴӦһ
ϫʱסҪӦһ
ϾֻӦָϵԽ򣬿ɴδӦҪش⡣
Ůдһ˿Ц⣬ƺ⿴ϫԱоСһ̫ˣ˶޷ҡһ㣬ݶҲȲѡ
Ů۴ˣܷȰ˵˼˼ϫüڡ
Ȼԣʵ㼴㲻ӦҲʲôŮ۴Ӧĺˬ졣
̧ңңԶҲ֪ʲô£Ŀûɵضһ˿ʧ٣»ָ
ͬʱõͳһƽ̨ϣǰãдһϢǡçŻ桿еµԴƷﵽ˿ľƷۼһڴĺ䶯
֪ٵǿߣѳǰçŻ桿ȥҪһƷۼԴ˵ڷǰʮ֮еļѲС
ҪӦʵܼ򵥣ǲ뵽һжУǷܹһԴҪҪǣԲǸԹұϵСһõˡ
ἰұ֣ŮȻһĨ⣬ĺ
ϫע⵽һ㣬סüһµŮֻº⹫ұ֮ʲôԹˡ
ʵҲЩӵеǱʣԺҪ񾳣ƱҪǰçŻһ⣬Ϊֻž߱ҪĵԴ
ŮƳ˳ϫһۣǻظ糣
Դ֮ĸڣͺñȶ΢ȼġ𡱣͵ġ̨ԴͬҲһ߱ı־֮һ
ϫǺһ㣬еľǣçŻʱԺ׻ƵģʱӳںͼƬеһлɬصּ
УȻСġ桱֣


1642 
ںͼƬںϹУֹһεظֳһлɬصĹġ
ԳϫͣΪֹҲŲϳŸģֱǻġ桢šۡ򡢼͡
ʱżȻ֣оͼƬֵĹģһ˿
ɵ˿̴Ůۿе֪çŻ桱طʱʱһͼƬṩֺ⡰çŻ桱ֲϵ
ⲢһûԵɵĺƲ⣬ԴԳϫܵһǿֱ
ϸϸѷ֣򣬻çŻ棬ԶϹмΪѰ
ǰϹһǧеŦ̾Ų֪ͨԼĹϵͳѰ޵߸Եִ
߳ϫ䲻Ů۸ղŵһȴףôҲһ˲֮ˡ
ϾܹԴǰģԲͬѰˡ
ǻ֪ϫŻһ˲һкͺͼƬиֵعϵ
Сѵĳֹ
ϫ˼ɡ
Σ
ϫٳٲԣŮ۲ЩɻǾܾҲҪôõġ
Ϊʲôң
ϫ͵شӳ˼ѣһ˼·ȴԼûʲô˼·ʱЦڡ
ԭкܶ࣬Ҫ񾳣ͱȻҪǰçŻһ⣬磬Ҫ֪ɽɽڣҲȻҪ˻򡣡
Ů쿪ڣοȥԸԹұϵСһͬаһ
ϫʱüëһԹұϵļһ﾿˭
ǰԭҲϣϾ˿ѾӵǱʵԼԣҪ񾳽磬ȷҪǰçŻһ⡣
ΪֻçŻУܹʺĵԴ
ͬϫҪŮõǰɽŵĴ𰸣Ҳֻܽ
ԣ£ϫʵѿʼһУҲԵұϵļһ﾿˭ˡ
ұܷ򡣡
Ů۵СһǹұϽЩܳһ콾ӵܣǱڷ֮еĵھҲǺպķ
˶٣ǰçŻ棬ұܷĿһǶȡµһƷۼԴƾͣɹϣǺܴġ
ұܷ
ұһܳ콾֮񾳵ھ
Щۣóϫһҫޱȵĸ콾кε˵á
֮ȣǹµ۾ʮƽʱԵð١
Ͼһڷ֮ھţһʮ֪˴֮ʵ
ԣϫһЦŮۻ濴ԼȻԼȥԷһ̬
˵ֹֻԷɹһƷ۽׵ԴɳϫǺҪ󲢲ɱԷ׶ˡ
У̫ΣգŮ۴ҲӦһϫһ
˵Ůۺԥ˵ֻҪܰ쵽ģͳͳԴӦ㡣
óϫʱףԼ벻Ӧˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ժзɿ˼ţҪһǵһ
ãû⡣Ů۴Ӧĸɴ䣬һЩĶѣݶԣʲô
ڶСѾͷСϫˣҲɣɿڶ
Ů۲΢΢ȻƳ˳ϫһۣû뵽СѾͷΪ谮֪ʲãߣҲܶʱڷ츲صı仯
ϫЦףҿصԺһ죬Ȼһ˵ġ
Ů˼˵ĵҲãҴӦ㡣
ϫֵǾͶлŮ۴ˡ
û
Ů۵̹˵Ҷԣ̣Щⲻȥ
ϫҡͷԣֻǾ֮ͣԣȷѾĶˡ
ŮвһĨ֮ɫ꣬ԣ֪ˣ裬СһƷеҲѵúĽҲֻɽȴˡ
²˳٣ȥΪ׼ģԽ˻ú׼һһºһǰçŻ档
һŮ۱ӳϫҪһҪ׼ƮȻȥ

ǰҪ𣿡
һ׵Ķ츣У泵ڣвᣬҲʧ䡣
ѴӦŮۣжΣأҲʺϴһǰ
ϫЩģʵΪ泣ϣܿʱԼӰӣһִź
İɣŮУԱȸҪǿ̫ˣһгɣʱҡ
ţǰġһеĸͷ˵
ϫЦЦǾȻȥ׼һ㰲УԲ鷳ˡ
˵ţתȥ
ǰһ죬һøǿʱͲˡ
ųϫǾεӰʧڶ⣬泶ʱҲƲסʧһˮӯӯ
Щദѳϫ˳ˣڳϫշ£ѧ̫ණҲƷζǰδйĹذͺǻڳຮ׹¶ԣֱ͸һ㡣
ƺվҪˡ

ۺīݡˮϱ̹ʯ
ϣŮ۱ǲгϫҪģʮ֣ÿһֶǺϧޱȵģֵˡ
ԣЩļֵܼһƷ಻鱦
˿̣ЩĿСɽƵģڳϫǰòпΪѩīǧжЧ֮߹Ȼˡ
ԼȥһֻܶҲһ֮ھͽЩȫ޵ˡ
ˡ
ûκγɣϫһǰ㣬ʼһġ
ǷɽĶŲ֮طԶȻͬ
ΪֹӵĿԣһ;ɱȡ
ͬģȴΪģĳ̶ȸࡣ
ڣһļȥ񱦣Լ߰˼н񱦳
ʱҲֻܽнƷǿһȴֱϽƷԲһ˿ĵز
ȴۣЧҲǼΪ˵ģн֮Уռݾơ
н񱦣ԭǶǿܹԦıƷٸߣЩˡ
ڴˣϫǿúƽδô࣬ԴΨһ֪ǣһμɹĽԼʵ׷ӳ֮Ҫǿң


1643 Ƿ
ʵɣ
ѾһΪ˵ʵսУ˵ʵɣһɣԸıһսĸ֡
֮ǰϫսƽΪн޷ͶԷ鱦ԿʶŻЩ
ˣƾϫսɵԷ
ͬ˴μɹ˵ڷ֮ʮƽǶߵĴڣϫҲǲκηˡ

һº
ϣ
һ쳹Ԩ͸һɺƥĵϣǡ
һĨƥƵĺɫڿգܻһ͹ӣͨ͸ɾĺɫ񽣡
һƻɬܼķ뵣ڽܣˡ

ܹһܵʱȴ飬Ϸ
Ҳ˵²ýƾƣʱգɱУ
¼Ľ
֮ǿ˳ϫԤϽ׺񱦣УȴϽô
ˡ
ϫſһ̣ǽٿȻһöӤƴСĽηģսڡ
˴μϫֹǺľЩģǽյ򣬾޼񹂵ݣܻͼ׭ӡ˽֮С
Ҳý׷һɱ䣬ųϫܻ̬ıУĪ⡣
ƾ֮ܣԺ󼴱ϼ鱦Ķ֣ҲԶһˡ
ϫǷһĨ㡣
鱦ͺ鱦ʵѻ֣ɱĻĽʵѷɫ١
ȻŮе񽣺ͰǽǾˡ
ִϫȾ磬ʵصģʵĽ񱦵ֻԼһж񱦣Ļͱĩˡ
ϾǿΪ硢ս顭վֻܵһսֶΡ
ɽķȻ鴫ڴʱȻһõͳ
һĨƮҷŮȻһͷڣۣ޳ԼӰ°
Ů۴ˡϫ˵
ôǷ׼׵Ůʵ
жˡϫͷһʱ䣬ҲѾ˺ŮԼĳʱ䡣
ЩѼһЩϣڸ·ʱһçŻа
Ů۽һöݸϫȻƮȻȥɣѾȺʱˡ
ϫҲ˲ôæȥ

ˮƹ⡣
һƬף᳹Ļһڲӵ뿪Ҳǻָյƽ
˿̣ˮƹǰ
ǷɹмԼΪأʲô⣬ֻɽưոˡ
߳ˮƹŮۺظϫ˸Ц
ϫЦЦͷʾס
棬һ·ϾͰˡŮ۽Ŀ⿴һ棬סؽϫȫʹ
ͷ࣬ϫȴǺߵִ˷ġ
ڱɣçŷ㿭Ůˮųϫһ·ء
ϫ˹֣㼴תȥ
ৣ
Ƭ̺һͭ뿪Ʋ㣬ʱգ˲ʧ
СѾͷǻȥɡ
ãŮ˵
֪ʱߣԣͷһû졣
ԸŮۿԼϵѹʧ䡣
ŮۺεͲؿ͸֪Ȼ͵䡣
Ҳ֪˺£Ȼһ̾зһĨᣬ泵ļ򣬵СѾͷһ첻ȥǣʱǲʹľġ
˵գ˫ָתȥԼıӰ͡Ȼ
̧ͷȻԶŮ۵ıӰһۣĵѵĴҲһ޷ͻʹࣿ


ʱշһͭУͷī¹񿥷Ƿ
Ů۵ݣΪī뱦֮ǹ´۵Ļ㳵Ҳ¡
˱ǧʮ֮أٶ֮죬ƺˣԳϫ֮ͣƾʱŲ֮޷ʹ˱ٶȱ⡣
ΪһжŮҲɼԳϫкε֮ӡ
ɫһ˿רļԦϫڱУŮһö
нһЩйçŻĴҲϫ֣ⷢçŻڵأϹıԵش֮⣡
ϸԣçŻϹ򣬴ããδ֪С
Ϊδ֪򾳣Ŀǰδ̽Ѱ򾳣һЩץūǲδ֪򾳣ΪھԴ
ֻϫǣȻçŻѱϹе޵߷֣ΪδܹռΪأ
ܿ죬ϫʹеõ𰸣ԭڣçŻ滷Ϊӣҳ֮أޱȣԹҲûдͼȾָսԶ飬УͰԵеĹϵͳ
ϫ԰ĵǣçŻɲÿһʱ䣬ͻһơݷʱڣʱڣеջԹ޵߰Ȼн̽
ȵִ֮󣬾Ϳ֪çŻ澿ǷͺͼƬеĹйˡ
֮󣬳ϫ˼
жҲ޶ٰգϾŮԣ˴νçŻģԶεǿߣҼԵеĹϵͳ
£˭Ҳ޷֤ڽçŻ֮󣬱˴֮Ƿᱬͻˡ
ԣϫòصĴ㡣
ұܷ򡭡Īأϫ֣Ҳ⹫ұܷڵĹұϣ̫Ͻ֮żΪеĹϵвٴԶ̫ϽеżΪҪְλȨ졣
ҲΪŮۻ˵ԸұܷˣԳϫһԭڡ
дҲϫʶ̫ϽϹе֮ǿ󣬿Ǳ鲼¡
Ψϫɻ󲻽ǣϹ֮һֹϵɽŮ洵̫ϽϹ㣬ΪҪ֮ӣ
ͬЩϹ޵ĵġ½硱ͳԶܲɷֵϵ
п϶ʲôԵˣ
ϫȷһ㣬ֻļ֪޷õ𰸡

º
ϫȻӴ
Ҳڴʱµī뱦Ȼͣ٣ͬʱǲϵĮҲ
ϫӣǵˡ
ˣ
ϫ±ȻͿԶĲ֮ϣһǣͻͺƴ󣬻ֺһ޽չȰ㡣
Ƿ᪳ǣһϹԵشϵǣѲ֪¡
֮᪳ǳµġ񺣡çŻ棬˵ǡ񺣡ĳ֮У


1644 ƻ
ǡ
޽ڲ֮ϣ֮۵Ĺϳǳؼͨ巺ŵɫׯ
޵̽յŵأϹԵشϵΨһһǡ
񺣣ѾϹķ롣
Ϊ񺣺ѰϵĺͬƵչδ֪δ֪
ŵ˵һƬĺ󣬺ˮѰٵһſ貵ǳ
д˵Ĳֹoʬʤǿ
д˱֪һƬкε֮󣬾ԳҲˣϹΧŻڴȻֹ޷
ԭ֮赲ڴˡ
ЩһйؾƷ۽׵ԴϢλĳġçŻ桱ٴγΪĿĽ㡣
λ֮ϵķǣҲΪһഫͻȻ
ÿ죬Բͬ޵߱ȴçŻ䣬ȴȥǵ۽׵Դ

ϫӣٹ£񺣱ݷڣʱҲǰçŻʱڣЩͼǰçŻ޵ߣԶֻͣڷеȴ
ī뱦ųϫȥ߱ϫ
ϫţĿⲻʱܡ
֮ǣȫֿͬǽֵǽͷŹϲɣζµĺۼʷĳ
ֵϵˣһɫ޵ߣ壬Ҳǿ飬ɫɫ
ģȴū
һһڣɫ㲶ľūװһһұУ˴ڴˣѵȺڴ˵һЩǿѺ⣬˳вͬڵūӪ
ǳϫ߽еһʱ䣬Ϳ˲ϰұѺ˲ūִڴˣǵȳҲǼΪġ
ЩūԶ½ϹеץȻǿѺˣĿıΪЩūǰδ֪̽µԴ
浭ĮһԣЩūʮ֮˾Żɥδ֪УܹģҲΪūһֻΪĳЩ
ϫüһɲĸо
Լʵãֻڽĩ֮ʱҲǴץߣΪһūˡ
ԣһĻĽͣҲΪӣгأ
ϫҲϹÿ䣬ЩϹеԣԴ˾ռߣƾԼһ֮Ҳȥıʲô
ǰ棬γҲŮߵһū
ΨһĲͬڣЩѺеūͬҲȫһ
гһգܹӵŤתϹֵʱԺ㲻ٷ˰ɣ
ϫһиӵٶ룬Ҳͽ͡

ϫҲʧȥ˹ĦǵȤĴ£˾ֱһСǬԪ¥ĵط츣أȻһ¥УһݾƲ
ǬԪ¥Ƿǹģһ¥˵ĻԵĳͨôһֱڴˣ˸ڴѰ¡
˿̣ǬԪ¥һͣ޲λȷǷ޵ߡ
ʵҲȷˣܹڴѵģҲѰ֮ˣΪļ۸񣬶Ѱ޵ġ
һں֣ÿһıͶйçŻ顣
Щ֪ǽ죬ٴλڣϵ𾣡ϵࡢϵˮɷֱλз֮еĵʮʮšڶʮ
ȷǰЩӵִǾλʮλڷˣȿһĻĿܻᷢˡ
ֻϵģֻҲвִˣ
ΰѵһĸ콾ȴڽʱڷǣһ֮пҲͿֻ֪ҵҪçŻȡһЩôޱȡ
һƷۼԴǵĻҲ֪ĸǧİϢй¶˳ȥЩǰǵ޵վȥֻЩѰ񾳴ԽԽ
ǿɲǣɺ޵ǣ񺣽ݷڻаʱ䣬ˣҸǰçŻˣĻż
Ǻǣ˸ǣ֪ǵұϵĹұܷҲڽִ
ʲôұܷҪ𣿡
ұܷ򡭡
ἰұܷ֣һ¥ڵʱӣ졢̾
ϫһжһ˿УҲǲпǰѩīʱһƽڳЩ޵𾪳ӣĿһĻĻָθ룿
ǵģл۵̫ˣ󣬸Ϲκһطֻ¶Īĺ䶯ˡ
Ͼǿǧһÿһҫۣ콾
Щҫޱȵ콾ǣȴԼͬһ벻䶯ѡ
һҲԴпһƷۼԴε֮Ҳ޷ܾջˡ
𾣡ࡢˮϫĬĬ˼й˵ϡ
ͬӵǱʵĳϫԣҲֻͬȲεǿ߲Żӡ
ֱ֣ŷ֮ʮʮšʮǿڡ
ǿǵ֪ǵʵкε֮ǿ󣬼֮У̳
Ů۸ϫһöУͬҲй˵һЩϡ
˵˽ԶǳڵУÿһıǾޱȡ
ﾺòǵ֮ǷᱻǱˡ
Ϲʢĺ򾳣еĹϡϡϣȲȼϵͳҲǵһһĴˣÿһӴ£ǧϣȻ
ƿϫ˼ʲô洫һ䣬㵹صЩ˴ֻǹұܷһ˱㹻
˶٣οıҲؼɵЩ
֮ǣɽˣȫԲؿǵԷĺ
ϫԣ˼һ仰ɽϹе˽һ֪
ʱǬԪ¥Ȼһ궯һһŮ߽һ
Ӣƥɫ멣ɫʯ㣬ⲽ֮䣬һ˵ķâ֮ޱȡ
ģԭһʱüžѻȸϽԶһĨ𾪡
ϫҲƳȥϧϵ˭ԣȫһżΪİס
ǵĿӹԱߵŮʱͶʱ̣ͫȻţһ


1645 ʹ
ΪһһŮĵǬԪ¥һڶȻüžѻȸ
˵Ŀ⣬Զ۽ϣɫٽԶһ˿𾪡
ϫĿ⣬ڿŮӵһɲǣûŲƿһ˿һ
ͫţвƵزһɲǱýӲס
ŮһϮȹɫ֬Ũٵ˿һ֧ľ٣¶һؾĹ
˴Լ֫ϸһһȻ֮°ϵһ䴿
磡
ϫҶ췢ģ˿̿ŮӣɣΪģһǰǰ㣬ؾš
ֻǣϫû뵽ǣ겻ȴϹмԷˣֲ֮࣬㣬˶ס
һĻĻۻƵķɿԺС
̫ͨսʱ㱻ʦ̤ʥߣԺ򣬻ڽɽ֮󣬳ϫδԷ
Ҳڷ֪֮ˡڰʥԨط֪ʦȱ˱ܾڴˣɵǰѰʱȴ̤ʥ֮ʦȱ뿪
ֱΪѧԺԺϫҲδѰжϧԷȴ˼ƵģҲѰٲ
ȴȻ˷ǣóϫβ𾪺⣿
ܿ죬һͱһĨϲ˷ȡ֪ܹ磬оóϫʵϲ⡣
ĿⲻٳһĨεϲ
ͬʱҲע⵽ʲôŤͷϫֻƳһۣתͷȥƸûϫƵġ
óϫ΢΢һѵûϳԼ
̲ס
ԭճţѻȸϫһ̺ȻֳкʱĿע⡣
ͬʱĿУ˿ߵŮӣֿ˿ԶĳϫһȤģ
һҲһϫֻǺǺŮӴкʱһڵͬʱֲЩɻѵСǰʶԷ
λӣƺϴ˰ɣȹŮüؾô񾲡
ϴˣ
ϫɫһͣãЦڸҿЦô
ЦȹŮһüЩõӣҿɲͲʶ˿Ц
ϫһЩɲѵԼϴˣ
ʱϫĿУԭȵľȶѴһĨ֮ɫǹ졣
֪֣Ȼ꿪ڣͳᣬһ˿صĴԡ
ȹŮƲʲôŤͷЩˣҸطЪϢһ
˵ţҪת뿪
Եһ£ҿλƺͦϤġһסȹŮӵĸ첲΢Ц˵
ȹŮƻһҪȴջֻɫȴЩͳ
ϫü˿ֿ꣬˿ȹŮӣûϴλȻҵĺ硣
괽ǺȻһĨȣԴζؿųϫ˵Ĳֵȷ硣
ˣ˽Զһ㶣һĻһͷˮѵСʶŮӣ
ΪŮӻҲأ
нԶðһ뷨òŮСһȣ»װʶԷɣ
һӣ˽Զ˷ǿжˣСŮˣǿɾкϷˡ
ҵȷ磬治ϵ˭ȥɱҲˣ
ȹŮ磬ϫһĨŭ
һ̣ϫе˷ܺϲȴ䵱һʶԼģʱиЩ类˴ͷһˮ
ȫû뵽龹ᷢչȵزû뵽羹顣
ɾԲӵģ
Ҫ֪ڴʱԷΪԼȺǴϺһµʸ
ȻҲԼˡ
ϫԽ룬ԽңһʹɫҲһӰ
Ƕ飬ֻһ·Ϊ֣ο֮ĹϵѳѰ
ʱı棬ɶԷȴһĮһϵԼģ־޴ĴóϫһʱҲ޷ܡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ѳԼ磬ΪʲôȴƫƫԼ
ϫ͵һĿ磬ƳһԵ꣬㽫Ŀ磬Ϊ𣿻˵ʲô֮òô
˵Ѵһ˿ϣϣʲô֮ٴܲϡ
Цҿħ˰ɣЦ
һ仰óϫгصԺ鲻ԽŬԼ
ˣλѣǿûʱ㶺ˡ
һȻ΢΢һЦ̧־Ͱ뻳Уųϫ٩У´Ҫ׷ŮˣһҪѡĿ꣬ξˣ´Σֻ»Ŷ
类껳еһɲǣϫи类ӿһԵķŭҪ̲ס֣ɵĿƳʱȴһӱñ䣬׹ߡ
ʼվδɫ仹һĨ֮ɫ
꣡
ϫָ÷죬һӱ䵽˼¡
ˣЦãĿƵؿ˳ϫһۣס֫תʩʩȻǬԪ¥ȥ
ʼգδͷ
ϫܣɫ䣬˭ҲھʹǷߺ޺Ȼ
һ뿪նʱһ䣬
̸ֻ۵ݣȴѾˡ
СӾ⣬Ҳ˭Ůˡ
ҪڨҲҪʱ䰡ƫƫȥұܷŮˣⲻ𣿡
ҿСǱɫͷ̫ұܷŮ˶ֱЦҺùұܷûжŭɻڣ
ȷʵұܷúһСƽϰɣ
˵⣬˭ϵСӣ
˭֪أ϶ǵĹӵˣұܷ򶼲ʶ
һӬƵģóϫɫںڮ٣˳Цȴ޷ܣֽơѡĸо
ұܷ
ϫһŬԼ侲Ĭתλãü֮ȷʵأһĨ޷ȥ
Ǻǣû뵽ԼζԸĿ꣬ȴǵĶΪɼҲװʶԼ
ϫȻЦоһо˹ŪԼ˵ڳͷԼ
ͷԼô꣬ûȥһ磿
ΣһЩ飬չҪʸģ漰֮һֵ飬ΪأֻΪԼнѡ
澲ųϫãڿڣ˵дһĨֻɣĥ³ǡ
ȻҲпܻǾϲ˭֪أ


1646 н
ϫĬӡ
գ˵ͷʲôҲû˵߳ǬԪ¥
һ˾

ǼΪ󣬽ֵİͨ˴һשһߣһһľ޲Źϲɣζ
ϫ˫ָһĽֵϣĿġ
Ϊ׾̫࿲ͶڸһϣϫһֱȽǱ
ⲢľͳٶۣڴʱԼһꡣ
겻˭ϲһˣϫԴҲ⣬ȴ޷ֽǰȴϣİˣİ˻Ҫ̣
İ֮䣬ǰûйϸȻҲ̸ʹࡣ
Ϊʲô
ϫ벻ס
֪Žֵ߳˶߳ţǰҰʱһһƬ嫺ӳС
¡¡
¡¡
ſգǧѩ̺󣬲ƾ𶯣׳嫣ԶԶһΪ֮
ϸȥԿƬ嫺ߣ񷣬ֱ޾
һſǳ֮УŲͬĹ켣ѭ캣ˮΪ׳ۡ
ϫ۾һлĿٿȻõͷţһͨ͸
񺣣
һƬŲ֪oٹǳĺ󣬺بϹ򼫶ԵشԹҲδκδܹ併
û˸ҶԣƬж価ͷ
ϫԣֱһٺ°ǰϥ£Զ̺꣬ľããհףޱϲõһʱͷš
־УԺкͼƬȻתٴθֳһȾѪнͼ
ǲн߲ͨѪƬƬȴһɱţ֮
ϫͨһȾѪнͼˡɱΡۺΡȥ⡱ʽһٽΪͻ֮ز
˵ȾѪнư߲ɶԳϫĽΪȴ޷á
˿̣һȾѪнͼ֣ͼƬӳȻתóϫʱͱ
ܹоһз֮ԼкȻһɼ¶
񺣼ĳ֪УʲôںԼڤڤޣɳϫȷģǴ
Ƭ̣ϫһʱһɸ֪ʱʧ٣ԺеȾѪнͼҲźͼƬһʧ
óϫ૵çŻµȷͺͼƬйˡ
ɻǵãԼӺͼƬбϳľŸɬУСġ桱֡
ڸղţʶкͼƬı䶯Լвһ˿֪óϫжϳһ֮䣬ȻĳֺӦˡ
һ뵽⣬ȻԴ˴ǰçŻһĨڴҪ﾿ʲôܹͼƬı仯
ֱҹɫ٣ϫسǬԪ¥
һ浣ȱʣһ겻ˡ濴ųһ
ϫЦЦûж˵ûôˣȻֱʱҲûжĮ̬ȫͻ
Щ죬;Ĵڶ츣еϢ񺣽ݷʱչжˡ涣
ϫ˵ͷ
뿪ʱʲôסɫϫӣçŻ͹ұܷͻɱλｻʱ㡭δ㣿
ϫȻһУĬãģҴӦһᾡȥ
˵գ𣬷ԼµĶ츣ء
ϣ˰ɡųϫ뿪ıӰȻһ̾
ĳϫ˶˱ܣĵ͹ұܷʱԷǸΪʣвϫ

𣬳ϫչڶ츣бδ
ʱƣҲǱԽԽ֣ÿ춼޵ߴ˷
д󲿷𣬿ҲϹеĶ۷ڡ
ҲçŻضŲ֪жٻԵɲֹһƷۼԴô򵥡
Ҳô˴ǰ޵ߣ֪Լȫ޷ЩԵеҲȻȻϸǰԭڡ
񺣽ݷڵǰһ죬ϫӴһ߳˶츣ء
죬Լõʱ䣬Ϊڽҹ񺣱㽫ݷڣȴٳԾ̫ˡ
ѵȺ⣬ϫһ뿪ǬԪ¥ǰ񺣵ķȥ
ৣ
һӰƿŲƣһƬѤʵĹ꣬飬ͬһɳ۶ȥ
ϫȻ֣һķǣԵø֣ͬʱһɷƵϢ
Ȼ޵߶ף񺣽ݷ֮ľҪʼˣ
ʱΪһƷۼԴΪçŻеԵƱػᷢпᾺɱ
ͳϫż졣
Щһֱڴ̽Ϣȷǣ˴νçŻ£ʮˣǰʮģĿǰֻйұܷһˡ
ɿϫЩ췢Ϣֻϵģ﾿˶ȴ޷ȷ
ϫĬĬһмУδԡ
ֵǣŮ۴˵õϢ˴ǰçŻУȹұܷĸ콾һϢҲޡ
ѣΣؼס˴εжȻпᣬһСΪء
ϫȴʵȹұܷļһ˭
һϲũһǷʥϣ˷ֱڷеĵ͵ʵɲ⣬ڵ֮жԶš
̸ˣдһĨۣ̾Ƹп
ũ˭ϫģǣǷʥϣûʱʶķɡ
ϹеҲСﰡϫ˼뵽綼Ϲӵǻ塢أǷҲˣ
лһҪǰһˣϹŦ֮أҲֻеִѰٵԼҪġϫа
֪߳⣬ǰһ޼ʣ񺣡
ֻͳϫǰЩͬԭӿ񺣣ѽƽһͷ޿Ҫݷ˯С
ԶԶȥ̺󣬲΢һӳ󣬾ˮгһſǳֹͣתѭ
һ޲һƬ̸ɫ󺣣Ҫ׽ݷˡ
˿̣Ǻ֮ϣŲ֪ٵӰ飬һ벻ǧ֮
ǵΪûһڶ񾳵ģһЩ񾳴ڣ
ЩǿߣԶһһһ޵ǰ䵱ŻĽɫͺϫߵһ
һԳڣ㲻صЩǿߣݷɶΪ񾳵ǿ߶ԣȴֲһ̤УΪԶܵѹȣ粽У


1647 
ѹƾΪ
ϫǵһε֪Ϣô˵ΪԽǸߣܵѹƾԽˣ
ͷˣ֪ƬΪνΪУһЩ֮ͨǰҪƾܴաȫˡ
ϫȻһףֵĺ塣
ΪҲУΪ̤УҲ޷еգһǰçŻжҲֻ񾳵ǿ߲ܰȻִ
̾Ϣ񺣣һƬһĺϹķΧ˶սᣬԭͳƬԹҲܹռΪС
˵ʱԶȻһȻ
Ȼһͷȼɫϻ˻Ʋ񷣬Զ
ϻ˫ƴƣڱأ߹ŵɫ棬նȾɫɷѤ
һȻϻ˱֮ϣԣӢɢһ˷֮ǵұһ콾ұܷ
һϮȹؾ񾲴ݵ磬ڹұܷԱߣԵǹұܷ󲻷
˳ϻ˶ڳ˽ԶסһĨ޵ĸоĽ𺳣һֳѹ
ϾĿǰڳе޵У⹫ұܷʵΪ𡣺Աȣ벻ѹѡ
ϫһɲǣƲסӿһĨɬŲƿĿ⣬ٶ࿴
ʱҪһθ飬ǲܵġ
һԵ潫һпУнסһ̾Щģϫ͹ұܷԿʱΪвϫֻˡ
ǹұܷϻǰ֮Ҳ֪⣬ֱ˳ϫƬ
治üͷһ壬Լоһֻǹģ
ʵ֤ĸоΪһɲұܷ֫ϫⲽ
Ҳ˳ϫīüһ壬ҪܾȴɼƵģұܷ˹ü˿ߵĹұܷղδ˵ʲô
Щ⣬ұܷԶ׷ױÿһ·
óϫ벻עⶼѣŤͷͿұܷѿȻһĨһʲô˼ǹǰԼģ
ھϫѲһɾʱұܷٿȻ㣬ϫ΢΢һЦԹԺ졣
Ц̣ˣʱǵļٲȻһģ
쵰ȻǹġϫĮעһУʹĵǣʼգ羹κһ˿䣬Ȼоôġ
ҪҪطԴǵؿ˳ϫһۡ
ϫҡͷȻ΢΢һЦãҵҪ浽ʲôʱ򡣡
Цݲãȴ޸鲨ж͵һ֪ұܷ־ٶǳ׼ŭ˳ϫ

ڴʱȻһޱȵ쳹أȫ궼һ
̫ħ԰㣬Ī֮
һɲǶȻһǹұܷƱȻ̧Զ
һĿע£ޣŮ̧һΣƮƮȻԶ
ϣȴбһ̬꣬ɢɢǰһƺƣһǷտ£һĨаȰϢ
򣬻һͷȼȸ񿥷Ƿղһ䣬Ȼ
ũ
˾ը䶯ѣ˶¶һĨ֮ɫû뵽ǰˡ
ũ
֮Ĵڣ
ζţϹһǧ򾳣еУ֮ǰˣѿ޵У
һһĳϰұܷһת硣
һ̣ϫҲĿ˹ȥҲһݣԷϢ֮ǿʢֱƽеһ˿ѹ
óϫпϵı̬湻ģ֮Աȣƽֱǲֵһɹ
ףǲǷʥϣȻ˾׳
һʯǧˣȻ֣ǼԶһλã֪ʱһɮˡ
һϮ°ɫֲɮۣŲâЬֳһľȣͨڣΨ񵭣ž°ʯȻϸ˺Ե
ũĳʽȣʥϼֱ͵˼£ֱʱű֡
ȴ˸СԷΪһڷ֮ߵĴڣ
ǹұܷ򶼸߳Σ
һӣжóλеĸ콾һӾ͸ǹǹұܷķͷȫĿⶼŲƵλϡ
С﹫ұܷ򣬶˸û뵽λʱ̵ִˡ
ŮõϢ٣ũ½ˡ
ϫķӦҪԵƽ࣬˴ǰһƷۼԴģټΪĹϵ˼ȫŲǹұܷϣ˼룬޲ǸȥֹԷжˡ
ɫ𽥱úڰҹĻ֣ڱβʱԶڳݷų޷ˣһ˿ûУ͸һֹذļžضļ¡
һĻڳЩ޵߶ԣȴǽԶһ궯
ڿչжˣ
жһֻȲˡ
ߣ
һУһɫѤõĶݹƿն񷣬Х˺ʱգٿȻȥ
һʱ֮䣬ضǰ쵵Ķݹ⣬޵չжǵأǵ龰ҲǼΪ׳۵ġ
ٶ죬ȴ첻ũϺ͹ұܷ߼ڵһʱչжһɲ֮䣬ʧãã֮ϡ
ҪСģçŻ֮ϹȫͬΣգмԼΪءٴɫضһ
ϫͷʾס
ȥɣһء
ৣ
˹֣ϫӰһҲǺɳԶƿնȥ
һ˲ʧ
ԹӢѹ˹أСһǧҪɫǰԸͷˡ
ĿӳϫӰԶȥס

ҹɫµ񺣣һųľӣޱȡ
ʱܹһĹӺ³ҹգһſںˮͷųǹ⣬ˮţһֹ͸
񺣺ܴ󣬷
ŲһյʱѺٿӰؼֻʣ˳ϫһˡ
Ҳһ񺣣ζžѾʼǹϵ֮ûԸһжˡ
ϫȻҲ⡣
ȻԱϡؼһçĻƵΪһŻϵǿ߲Ƭɣ
һŲƣϫһ߸֪ܣ񺣵һУȻϹ಻ͬ
ԭͳһçĻƵϣضأڣ񺣵ÿһ֮С


1648 ֮
֮䣬һɺϹȫͬçŻϢ
һڣȴ޷ȡתķչ֮һ㣬ڤ޼
óϫҲһݣʶ֮ѳϹ򷶳룬ٲǰԴ´
øСģŻŲƵٶȡ
ȥһʱ䣬ڳϫΪԼЩСʱ򣬺ȻԶһҽУžޱȵҹɫԵüΪˡ
ϫؼ䣬һĨ磬ٿȻɨȥȴԶһƬϣѪȾ캣ˮںˮ·һӴӰٿȻʧ
óϫüͷһѵ֮£ݷɲδ֪鲻ɣ
ῴղɥ׵һӴӰɱֻǿϧϫĿɨȥʱһӰʧ
Ҳȫϫһ־ͽҵ
ǰУһ·ϵǲδΣգܵĺ֮УȴʱʱһҽУããҹɫУɭȻˡ
ϫɫҲǱþޱȣɲϣڻδִçŻʱͳʲôˡ

֮󣬲һƿһͷ޴ݺգ˫һչаɣһ쫷磬ˮǧؾˡ
ɲ֮䣬ʹӳϫͷӹ
ݱϣһЩӰϫǰУԶ¶һĨɫ
ףǲǰЩǬԪ¥ȥڨұܷŮǼһ𣿡
Ȼͷ󡣬û뵽ȻҲˣһˣѵ±ıƺ
˵Ĵĺܡ
Уδż뿪
ϫ̧ͷЩ޵ߣ۾ȻЦˣǬԪ¥ʱ˳ЦҲˣϾ˶ӣһǳʲô¶˿ɾͺ鷳
ϣֻǿ߲ܹ̤㣬˿տȫһºڷɱҹľѻϫԲίԼˣǿɾ̫ˡ
ৣ
ϫһնһĨͻͽƿնȥض꣬˷ʤ
Щ޵̸ЦŪϫȴ͵һ򣬲ݱϵ
ǾͺȻ֣һӲն䣬ëѪ£һ
ˣһȻ͵Ϯǣ
ɶ񣬾ɱҵıѩҪ㳥
Щ޵ɫһȻŭһԾڿն𣬼񱦣ݺݳϫɱ
ڴˣϫҲһնȥƺƵǡǺױȡ
֮ڶʽۺΣ
¡
һɲǼ䣬ݿ࣬й鼷ٲȻһ޼᲻ݵļơ
Ⱥ޵ߺǿҲڶ̳ϧ˳ϫͲǶ֣̫⡣
µ۾ĺᣬӵǱƽϫ׵򣬸οǡ
㡭㾿˭Щ޵ߴһһʶ˳ϫĲȫ֮ϡ
һ̣ǾͽвˣϫһĨÿѪ类ʮɽѹ˶ɳȥͨͨ½Ƶ׹뵽С
ˣϫûκͬģҲ֪ʲôлӿڳ
ϫδɱ֣ѵѵ㹻ˣСԷԼһ䣬һٽԷɱĵز
𡭡
ɳϫϵǣɱ֣Ǻ֮ȴ͵ԾһͷӴӰſһ̣ǽЩ޵ȫ̽˶С
ͷţȴһѪͫһǣͨ鲼ƬűƵĹ

һҽд޿дܿȻֹȻǳɥ޸С
ڴˣϫǲκֻ΢΢Щ⣬Щ裬û뵽⺣ˮ֮¾ˡ

ͷѪͫɨһ۳ϫӰһ뵽˺ˮ֮£Ȼͳϫں֮϶Ծ
Щ޵ǻԼߣѶ˽֮ϫüһеƬĲͬѰ
Щ޵߿ɶǶε񾳴ڣ±ԼˣҲδ˼ԴȴһԱһɣ֪ʵε֮ǿ
񺣣񺣡ֲøҽ֡
ϫаԸпһӰһߵзɶݣ˺ͺľ롣
ûãԼĪǰ˰֮غһɳǱϢһѪȡ
ϫʱУȻԶĺ澹Ϊ㣬֪ɣǷԲ϶ѻһЩʬ޹ǣԼһЩƬвٲ֫ϱ۱˱УԵüΪ졣
ӦһֱԵϵɣ֮˶ˮ֮ƿأСɵز
ϫзɿݣԼо֮˵ʵԲԼˡ
¡
Ȼ֮´һһζȻ飬һͷͨӲӵӴӰ
һͷǧɳִޱȣֻצޡ
һſѪڣ͵һͽѱеĶ֫бۡʬһɽС
ƺǡһ壿ϫһУ͵ӰһԶ
ৣ
ͬʱһĨâ͵شԶʱбһֱµ״һն¡
ۡ
ûκ谭һͷɲͷ­ͱն䣬ӴҡڣٲƵѪˮ
һ۵һͳ֣óһƿƿڶ׼ʬһǽʬȡһװ뵽ƿС
ͷצʬΪնڽçŻ֮Դעˡ
΢΢һЦƿСĿ㣬ٿȻϫ֮ɨ
ǹһĨ΢ЦѣȻˣαٶزأַǶˣѵ˲ɣ
㲻ˣȴˡȻУϫǾεӰһ
ͬʱȴһݣࣿǲڷ֮񾳵ʮλ
Ŷ˻ν⣿Ц
ղΪͷϣɱλǿߣǵʬʬڱ֮УֶΣɲֹǿôˡϫȻ˵
һЩѣܱһΣѾǵˡ
ҴǵգЦһȻģóϫü
Ȼɱԣѷǵһôˡ
ֻǺ棬ݣֻɱһЩ޶ѣΪҪ˱ӵֶΣϫü
Ŷ㲢ƬеޣǺѲԣǿߵѪΪնǿǸġ
˹˵һҲֻܳ²ˣܻԸЩҵ֣
˵⣬кȻһĨĪ֮ɫƿųϫҪѡ֣϶ѡģЩ
ϫжʱһĨ裬ȴЦãʶ˸ղŵһУҲ̵ֶΡ
УӳϫãͻȻЦˣȻһӣתȥ
һҿ͸ԻǲΪҪ֣ڽçŻ֮ҲδԣڿɾԲС
ЦУ˺ʱգٿȻȥ


1649 ͨŻ
һﵹҲǱô
뿪ϫüǲСЩԵĹӵܡ
ʵҲǣܹӵǱʣҽϵģܻһˡ
ûٶൢ飬ϫǰŲƶȥ
Ů۵ָ㣬ֻҪһֱŲƣȻͿԿçŻڡ
ڴˣϫŲɣΪһ·ϣ޵ҲͬһŹ̶ķһ·Ųơ

֪ȥ
ЩУϫһ·ϼʱ䶼˸·ϣΪӵвԵʣػѶʱָһֱŲƳŲȥ
ǳԽ˲ǰж޵ߣֱܳʱ䶼ٿһӰ
ϫȴΪֹɻûܳԽũϡұܷ
ԣҲʲôԺˡ
ǰҲϫ֣޵߽ԶͬһѰŸֻŻɱеޣȻҲһЩ޵֮սɱ
óϫЩ֣ѵɱ⺣ޣԽçŻ滹ʲôɣ
ŹһԵĴ㣬ϫһ·ϵҲɱ߰ͷޡ
û޵ߵʬѪΪնֱӰԼնųһЩѪޣʮУҲܳɹһΡ
ȻЩ޵ʬռԱʱ֮衣

䣡
һ죬ϫнһƬʱٴͬķճһͷ㣬̣ͷ­ţģΪ
棬͵ɢһìƵģ͵سϫǶ
ϣ
ϫֳֽŲæһնȥ

ɾֵͬʱһĨѩƥʱնһֲɱ¡
ۣۣ
ϫĽһֲ¼ͬһʱնɱһͷϣӲնΪأѪˮ䣬
ϫ΢΢ţûټȥսǳһɨӶȥ
ףû뵽ּˣɰʱУֳһӰһϮۣࡣ
ҶԣĵǺܲɡϫȻŲΪһżȻļ档
ǺǣѿɱᣬֻǼʵף̲סҪһ
Цƾ˵ͣһжǽçŻ棬ҲԲκˣʱڶȡһƷ۽ԴҲؽѴ֮ΪΣ
˵⣬һĶͷЦȻΪ˱⣬Ը췢ģԲɺľٶˡ
ǻ޵ߣֻ·ĶɣϾһǷģǰģټǷ֮ǰʮĴڣ벻Ķѡ
ϫȴҲͿھܾǸϰһ˶Ѻˡ
ǺԷ˵ĺֻԼĹͷ̵ˡ
֮ΪΪǡ
üѣ㲻ٿǿǣ֪ѸԽ飬ʼһж£һçŻնϣãĺܡ
ϫЦлѾ
ɫһЩãֺȻЦͷãܺã˸־ҲǿǾףһ·˳磬쿪ʤǡ
˵գ˳ϫһۣתХȥ
һԵ޹ҪҺĻˡϫ뿪ķ򣬴߷һĨͻȡ
üͷһ壬ʶһ⣬ԣЩѸԽˣɾЩˡ
Թұܷݣֻɶ£һЩһˡ
£ϫҪԷȡԴжԾͻء
ѵҪһЩ˺һϫãջҡҡͷٶ룬ȽçŻ棬ȡж
ϫֽɱͷʬߣǰɶݶȥ
һ·ʲô
нʱ䣬ڳϫоԼϰٸľʱȻͫȻһͣڰС
ҰУԶĺϿգֳһ޴ޱȵŻ׳ޱȡ
ŻĲ˼飬翪һڶܽǬɡ
ܹһſ򱻺ˮƶ沨Ż֮Уգʧ
ǿ
ǧܾϣɺŻһȣСĵƵġ
ϫ֮ǰֱǰһֻϰ㣬֮Сݲݽ΢
һ˲䣬ϫͶ϶ǱͨçŻڣ
ʵҲˣڴ˿̣ϫȻŻ֮ǰĺϣһڵ㣬ǺȻһ޵ߡ
ڲϿһݹ⣬ڿճŻ֮ȥܿʧ
ϫԭأãЩӰʧ߰˰ˣչж
ԽԽһŻһɻޱȵçŻϢҲѹȵóϫɫҲ΢΢һ䣬Щѡ
æתȫΪŻһѹҲˣʶҲЩϵĴǶ΢ǰ޷Żһˡ
ֱִŻ֮ǰϫɫޱȣһçĻϢ̫ŨˣʵʣϴŻ籡Ųʱɬжٻ
çŻ桭еֻ¶һϢܻУҲ֪εˡ
ϫһĿһĨȻ㳯Ż֮гȥ
ǣڸսŻһɲǣһ޿ƥУ޷Ŀֲ͵ȫ˹Юһ̣ǰһڣ㲻ܿƵر뵽Ż

ԶɽççؼӿһȵçϢһɲǼص̫£صǻɸʱ
һжԭʼζ
￴̡ǳءκεĽֻããɽ֡
һƬɽǰϫ㣬һпУɫһĨçŻ棿
֮ǰԤУΪһƬ֮أֱĻ߷棬˭룬һƬڡ
ȻϫһȻڲԶһ±ʯ϶УһŻҩ
ԼĪһ߸ߣҶᣬƮҷڷУÿһطӡУͷų˿˿Ƶ뵹
һ꺱ҩƷ಻ϫδ
һɲǣϫϷҩ
ȻĻԵϫнס̾ʵںçŻ֮УŶˡ
ˡ
ڳϫǰȥߢҩʱȻԺеĺͼƬȻתٴθֳһȾѪнͼ
ͬһεͼԵüΪнϵѪգʺ͸ƺҪʳһ㡣
ΪϫǣһɲǣȾѪнͼϸܵһͬĿֲ⣬ӯçšԶԭʼζ̼궼һڣ


1650 һķ
һɽʵ̫ɲ
çİءԶԴԭʼһӿ֣̼óϫ궼ڣѹޱȡ
ϫĲҽΪʵزڸͬȺۣһɽǰǸе׺һݣС֮
ڽϴﵽεȵزܹӵеƣ
ϫڸȷڽ֮ϣиߵĽ磬иǿĽ֮ڣ
ϾǽֻһȾѪнͼѣӡһɽȴܴﵽ㺧˵ز֪н֮ĽΪ˺εȷ˼֮Ρ
ˡ
ܿ죬ϫ͹˲ö룬ͼƬϲһȾѪнͼһɽҲԽԽʢ
ϫֻԺ˵һ𵴣һصĻ縡ӰƵģٿȻӿС
ڿռţһӰ룬£бһ
ȳϫһӰģ涸ȻһһӰ֣ͷۡħأ
ƿ¡߲֪ɵĽͨͷ⣬졣
гɺͨת̫ͼĵˣ顢ԣ쳹Ǭ
ɽ̤ߣ۲
Ѫϣӵǻ۷ܻ࡭

һ׳Ļ棬һĿֲӰϫҡҷ𶯡ҪϢ
һӰǿĲ˼飬ɱȣɱȣȳϫŮ۵ϢҪǿ̫࣡
һƿĴףɰţ
һɲǣֻĿһ棬һɹɿֲϢȴóϫĲݵ
Һãһлһɲ
ৣ
һ̣һ䣬һɨ죬ƴųӶնɱ¡
Ȼ󡪡
ͷۡƿشħն
ƿ£ߵķն
ԣɺĵ˱ն
̤ߵӵǻܻۡѪһӰӦȫһ֮±նɱ
ʱա쾭γ򡭡ͳͳһ顢նɱ
Ǻε֮
Ǻε˫֮һ
޷
κδʻ㶼޷һƣΪǵȫ
ϫ˶׻ǰʹƵز
ˡ
һ䣬һƬڶռšȴֻʣһӰԼбŵһ
ѲƣȾѪԵðޱȡ
ִնɱУڵüռ֮;£°أǵӰЦΡ롢ѡ
գӰȻ飬âʧ
Ψֻʣһȱڿռڵвţš
䣡
ϫֻоԺһ𣬳״һ컭ѹɫǲ԰һƬ亹͸üأһĨ֮ȥ𺳡
ǱӰѵǲн֮
ռ֮;ʲô
һս֮ȡʤΪͻȻʧˣ뿪ˣǡˣ
һӿͷϫá
գҲֻܴȷͼƬиֵһȾѪнһӰе
һУ֪
һ쵱ﵽλӰ˵ĸ߶ʱͻһУԲڡ

֮󣬳ϫȻʶһ⣬ΪԼڸһ̤çŻ֮󣬺ͼƬ춯
ȾѪμͼçŻ桢ͼƬ֮Īĳֹϵ
ĪأϫٴںͼƬϳľŸɬеġġ桱֡
ˡ
ȻϫٴγһϤĸ֪çŻĵصĳطʲôңңԼ
֮ϤΪڽǵĵһ죬ǰܹһɺ
ϴβͬһεĸ֪ȻޣȴϴҪ
ϫһӾжϳһƺçŻ
ɵҪȷһʱȴһƸ֪ٴʧȫƿء
⾿ô£
ϫסԼʶеȾѪнͼ֪ȥ
¡
ҲһһȾѪнͼȻ⣬ͼȻһĨȵӿ뵽˳ϫʶ֮С
Ľ糱ˮϱڣóϫԴҪըΪһʵ̫Ӵʵһ޷ܵĸо
ܿ죬һеĽٿȻֹһͼӡ˳ϫС
һִС
̺Ӵ޷Ľ񣬶ڳϫУ
ϫ⣬Щţɵȥ֪һʱȴ֣Ȼģ
ΪдеһçġԶԭʼĽԵ֮ʢŨңиӴޱȵľ͸һӳ޷԰Ρ
ϫٴθ֪ͼƬʱȴѾûһȾѪнͼ
һж֤һ̵ĵȷȷǻȾѪнͼ̺н֮
û뵽յִçŻԵ¾Ǵʱ뿪Ҳ޺ˣ
ϫЩڽΪ֮ȷ뵽һɬڣ޷ڽоԭкܶ࣬Ҫıȱ֮ϵ֪ʹС
񣬻Եɺ֮£ܹȾѪнĴУ֪ϫ˺εȴľϲ
ϾڸղţĿһĻ棬Ŀ޷κݵһ֮ܣ
ɱնеĽУ֪жǿ
ϵҪ£Ҫֹǹұܷжϫֱ޲ھͱչأúǱһ
˵ûгʱĥ£һ·ϵʱȴ˷ˣܲǶ١
ϫһ˼ѣ˴ξֵʵкεǿĶֻпֹܲһ
ϫ䲻η壬ʣȴ޾ԵıʤգʶץʱսҲǶơ
οӵУǡѧãЩΪĥʯԴĥʵ
һͨ㣬ϫٳɣչж
ৣ
Ӱһֱʯ֮࣬Сһҩߢһ
ҩȷȵĻ֦ҶÿһطصĵƣֵԲɹˡ
ҩұϾ֪꣬çŻдڵĻԵ֮ˣҲֲܹϹ콾ǰ
²ΪһƷۼԴЩҩһĻԵ޵Դ
ϫŸոյִçŻ棬һƳ꺱ҩɲֻô򵥣ؼçŻزء
ৣ
ϫӰٴһ˳ֽڶҩߢ
ߢһҩʱȻһʶֹͣӰ͵سһԶԶܿ

һɫʱնһͽһҩ


1651 Ѫͫ
ͻȻܵ͵Ϯóϫʶȡ˼ΪصܲԣɵԷĿ꣬Լѿеҩʱʱɫһ
ৣ
ϫһһĨնȥصһ䣬һɫ͵һݺ𵴳ȥ
Ȼϫ̧һץ㽫һҩء
ףȻһ֣
һԶ𣬴ʱӳֳһӰ
һɽֳ꣬ޣʯŨĽɫԣԶԶһɽƵģޱȡ
ĿƵ䶢ųϫСӣһҩ
ϫΪԼˣһֱ׳񰡡
̲סüȷڸ˵
겻õϻڳ֮⣬ѵˣ콫ҩնġ
ϫŭЦҵҪնˣ
䣡
ÿһĳܻӡԣʱն飬ױȡ
ƲԳԷƣǿ겪Ȼŭžһ޺ݺ
ԲǷӡɬۣ鱦нƷ񱦵ơ
ټΪףһݣҪض̢Ϊһ㡣
䣡
ɾ㹥ȴǵûֵܵϫһ֮޴߰Ҳ
㡭ѵҲһλôܣֽһ͵ؾҪˡ
ɻһֺϣ类ķɵ󡣬ҽһ˺һݺڵ棬ڱѪԲǧ֮صɽ涼һನ촷ۡ
ɼϫһƺεȿ£ֹһٻޣҲ޷ֿһ
ͣҲѧɱ˶ᱦϫ̤ﾡǲм
ˣ
ǿŭ͵𣬵ȴδǴλһɱӣ
ৣৣৣ
𣬻δʱԶشһҲ½ӳֳһӰ
£ˣΪ׵һ꣬ݿüһֻĿѪã˹˸һĸо
ȻһλϢҪ˸Ϊǿһɸǡ
ԭаֲ֣øšϫ۾δż֡
ǿˣ͵ߡ
ϫûǺϾŶԷѴ²³ЩһȻһģԼһж˴⡣
λѣҼʵҲΪѣһҩǻԽΪѣһ𴳵çŻ档˹ڣͳ
Ϊѣǿʱŭĵ֣ѵղûҲͱСӺ
ĿҲһۣȻ¬壬ǽʱ˵Ļɻǵã
Ȼǵá¬Ŀͷɫˮȴٲԡ
Ϊǽʱһ£çŻежһհ
ʱϫҲڲ³˶Էݣģ֮ᣬ֮λеʮλ
ϫṩϣر츳һֻĿѪͫΪãΪ˼顣
ҲΪȺص츳֮ŻһԾУԶ
ΪΣٴοڣᵭȻʩһ㡣
Ǻǣһһҩԭȿеģ黹һ˵ϫЦڶͳƷУҲܺǺ
ʵˣЩһһ־Լһ߸ָʹģʵŵĿԡ
ʦ㿴˰ɣһԾǾƲԳԷƣȻˣǻʲôǿ¬ü˵
ܺǶ֣ο֮ǰ¬ѣܾʹ
Ҳ׷׿ڣﻰٲȻϫ˱Ĩɱĳˡ
̬ȣóϫüͷ壬ЦЩǰǽ˵Ҳ֪λڵġ
ѣܹ֮ڣٴοڣɨųϫ
֮Գٳٲ֣η壬ǲ²͸ϫΪһ𣬶ǰٵԶ˽⣬ɾûϫ
޿ɷ档ϫܾĺԥ
õĻᣬȴϧƫƫҪҵԣǺοգ
ĺȻɭȻһЦˣȻǿɱҵȲˣ֣
䣡
δ£ѪͫͷųһѪ⣬״¡һϫݺɱ
һͫ⼫Ϊˣն˺飬˼Ѹݡ
ˢ
ɾڴʱϫӰƾʧԭأһ̣ǰ͵һȭҳ
ھܾԷʱϫԴ֪һսɱ⣬˿ԲԴУˡ
¡
ȭͷһĨԷâȭͷһУɱӯһ޼᲻ݵơ
ţ
ͫ΢΢һÿķӦٶȣ
ǷһĨ֮ɫһֻĿȻתһĨޱȵѪ⣬һ󷭹ǽϫһȭ̺Ϥ
ܹͫһƾס
ù
ϫһݡ
ͬʱ͵һ̧֣ϫʺȥ
¡
ϫ͵һһץĸһƬԣƿٳһƬ籡һɿֲ
̺ɰ壬
߶ײһɾ춯صĺԱΪģԲ֮صʱȻҡݣһжΪ
һĻΪˣ֮ӲӲ棬ø˶롣
ţţţ
һ֮£ıӰ͵ص˳ŭȵСӣҵС㣡ڣ
ŭУ͵ӰһڳѪ⣬֮䣬˷ơ
üѪ⣬һһѪɫ
ԶԶȥƹЮѪħͫƿɲ
ɱ
һ֣
ͬʱĵЩͬһ˷ϫΧ񱦣ڡ
һӱ᧿Σ
һȺеĶڣиһλ򣬴˿һ֣ɵ֮ʢƬضһֲִĻҷΧС
ҺçŻϹͬгçŻϢԵüޱȣսƻԶͬ³
һɲǣΧеĳϫһĨɱԺУһ˲ֳһĻ档
գЩ涨񣬻һĨɨѹĽ
ˣ
ڳϫУ͹ӵĽڴ˿Ȼһ콣Юɬͼնɱȥ


1652 겻ɢ
һȻţΣΨһƽӡ
һ̫ɲֹʾزĽΪô򵥣л̺һ˿޵çġԶԭʼϢ
һ˿ϢСޱȣȴһһȻ˲ֹһ
ˡ
糱𵴾ʮء
һֹ˫ٶޱȣʱⲻ裬²ӡ
һ˲
Ǵ˷ɱĹ뱻һݿն顢߽⡢
Ǿ
˭޷һ֮ƣܴﵽ˺˵ĵز

ҽ
񱦱

һ˲ѣҳһţ˾ֻܣˣѪ׹գ˷ŭУɫ֡
ǳϫһɵƻ
Ⲣꡣ
ΪһĨѹй֮󣬲δɢƲնΪ׵Ķȥ

ĿҲһ䣬Ȼû뵽Ÿտʼ棬ֳܾ档
û뵽Լ²͸ļһڽϵΪ֮ɲȫԤڡ
Ѿڡ

ʶأһ뵵Ķܣǰ
һŶܣӡܼĻɬģӯޱȵϢȻһɶõ񱦡
أ
ڳϫһĨ£Ŷֽܱ㣬Աѷ죬һΪ걬һա
ĸ类ɽײ˵ɳȥпѪֹ
ˣһ֮Ļ
һսһشһλԼλε޵ߣ˸Ž񣬾ˡ

˿̳ϫҲܣһļ󣬵ΪвڣϫΣ
ĵģ֮һͲճϫӿһĨڵƣ
˵ڸսȥƱػٵ£㣬Ϊսĵز
Ҫ֪ϫΪʱ۳Ӥ֮ͬˡ
ȴһľ֪Ƚкε̬֮
ҺãҲǼΪˣһ֮Уݿ˶ԷйԷԶش
Ⱦ棬óϫռݵ˾ƣ

ʲô
㡭㡭˭
Щ޵߾ŭӣƵģϫĿѴһĨ֡
ʵڱղһˣûԶٵľ£߾ᱻԷһ˺ɨѹˡ
ۣ
ϫһԲӰһһնһѪܵͷ­
ʵûͶԷϻȻѾսˣޱѽ£޷ء
Ȼ޷أԵץʱУ
Դˣϫɴ
οЩһ֮ǰֹҪҩǳԲѷһԲϱҪɱԼ
£ϫĻͶԷϻȥԷ

ãһҪɱڣ
úС֪˭ôֻΪ֣
ϫһԲ˲һͬʱ̼Щ޵ɫãŭ¡
ͼвϫֹ֡
ɳϫţٴκǰԥضɱ֡
һն
ضһƾʧһ̾ͳһ޵ǰǻһΪ룬Ѫ䣬ҽжûü
ˣ
ɫˮͷһֻĿӿѪ⣬һ͵Ϯϫ
ϫУնɽصһӲԷٴɳȥͷ֪˶ٸ۵ǿնŤ
Ҫ֪Ŀһλڷ֮λеʮ
˵һҲǶеĶ⣬һе۷ڡ
񣬾Ǹ赲ϫ֮
ʵҲڽһ죬㽫񾳵ҶĶӡ
ǶԿǽʱŮ۵ġ̫һʥˮ֮´µΪҲڵʱͻͽֻһܴﵽԲز֮ϴζԿҶʱǿ˲ֹһ
ټϽ̥ǵı仯ԼȾѪнͼĴ֮óϫսѲͬն
´˿δȥȾѪнĴУֻƾӡڽ֮ʩչһ˿޵çġԶԭʼϢǵҲ˭ֿܹġ
룬ǰľͲУ

һΣֵܵȴٵܲ˵˸Ǳɳȥ
˵ֻǽңôڶαϫɣ;Ժ޽ҿԡ
һͷ˲֪ٸѪˣҲǽҡ
һУͬѹյһһŵЩ޵߳ױ־ȫޡ
ӣ
Ӽ֣У
Ӱ
ûκγɣǱȻ˷Ӵܣǵģֱ޵Ƶġ
ЩһϫδȥĿһֱģҪɱҲҪɱһɫˣ
һ̵ĳϫɫĮȻֳֽľ˫
ʶΣգ͵ѣ֣֮䲢ޣ˸Ͼɱֻ»󻼡
˵ʱظֳһյƣо³һƵ޺磬ڻΪ졣
һյƵһɲǣϫȻУᵽһ˿ΣյϢֹ
񱦵ƣƴĻֻܾ֮ˣ˭
ϫֹһɿŹһǷһ飬Σ
áϫȻҡͷ
ͫһüѵҪƴʯٲɣ
㽫бｻұһΣϫʡ

ŭһЦܽһˣ
ǰѳɳˣܷһ·ϫȻ˵
ĵɫô˵ƴһʯˣ
ϫ̫߿ԼˣһѣǿҲվޣˣʲôƴ
类Ҫ˻һŭ֮ǰΪβ̶֣ڹϷŪ𣡡
ΪϫĿٿȻһĨ磬һգѣٲɱҲˣ
Ȼһˣ
ҹȻûˣѵȷز¶һЦд󲽶
Ҳ֪⣬λãǡǰ
óϫüͷһ壬ôҪ
ҪΪԺİΣǣͲɱ
һӦ֪ĵ游ƻǵгĻ̣ڳһʱ֮죬ɱ׵𣿡
ȻҲʶ࣬ΪԼѣʱϲޱȣųϫ˵ĲŹңԶǴҶޱס
ǲӦأϫ֮о֮ɫ໹겻ɢȥﶼˡ


1653 Ȼ
ϫĻɫһŭ˼£ûڤ粻ļһ
ȴ̬ӺݵЦЦһԱߵģ˵ҡҲֻܲӦˡ
֮Ҫĵˡ
̬ȣ׼ŭ˳ϫԭһѿҪֳʤսȴһͻأ֣ˣֻҲ޷ˡ
ô˵Ҫ׺Ϊˣϫ
ǾͿ˼ˡȻЦȻ塣
ϫĬŽƽ߬üһĨɱȻƣһŨҡ
գҲһ̱ѹ֡š
һ
һ̣ϵЦҲϫĿ֮УһĨء
֮ǰϫһȺеһĻɶУѲҽϫѰ֮
ǰѳϫͷȴпԭܼ򵥣Է̫ˣҲ֮ڷ֮ǰ֮УƺûжԷ֡
ͺܲˣ
Ҫ֪֮͸Ϲÿһ֮УڣκһĵֻҪʵﵽһ߶ȣͻᱻ֮ΣΪ֪
ƫƫģǰСʮĵĶ׻ܣȴƺûгڷϣɾ̫ˡ
³
£Сϫˣ
ȻС鲻С֣ҲˣôҲʮλˣ̺͵
ߣһУĳסˣϣ´αټǣգϫһ
ѹȻѰˣ֪ף磬Ҫ£ҿ͵ʹһ
ЦĻϫѷĵж
Ĵ˿ҲǳһϸһĨϲɫ
ԭޱȵգڴ˿ҲǱ괵ȥ١
ɳϫࡢ˶ϫһһ̱ؽһޱȵɱ
ǡ
ϫԸ˵൱Цһ֣һʩչŲ֮ƮȻȥ
Ķ
ŶԷԶȥϫ϶ʱһĨӵһμʱͼΪϲԷǿɱֶͬΣֲֽ֣ƻԼжϫǽԷ˼¡
ǰҸᣬһñ˽֮𲻿ɣ
ϫҡҡͷ̾ѡ
ԼӵоݶѹƶԷʵõȵԺڸղֹͣս
ؼڣϫʱ⣬ǽԸһˣǻ˵ټһģǽ־Щ޷Ԥˡ
ΪףճϫԼЩʹľ
ϾŸ̤çŻ棬ĿΪֹǹұܷжʶҲԸʱǳʲô⡣
ˣһʱҲ뿪çŻ棬ԺлȥҶԷһˣ
ϫһٶ롣
žžž
ڴʱһȻԶһɫڣճһ޳Ӱ
һѣݰŮӣ٣촽Өһɱ˵֮
һ֣һӯӯĿͿϫƵѺ֣ԣǡ
ãԼͣģκν֮
ϫһݣһ
һ۾ͿŮ˻ϢԲ͸Ȼѷɫһ˿ȻҲһλʵ˵
óϫа裬ֳһӶǿߣԺǧҪעˡ
СŮӵϣȻѵŮ󷽵ҽܣöˣ˲øС
Ȼ
ϫ͵һλλз֮񾳵ʮ
Ů۸УصرעȻǻ˫ڵĳĹϴУһΪ˵纣Ԩ
ڵеЩ콾֮УȻһλҫŮĴڣ߾£һʵӵ
Ů۵˵ǴŮͨ죬£ģ߱ųӵе緶
ϫɻǣԼΪ˺£
ţϳϫȴ˵ԭȻ³ϫѩī򡣡
ϫ
֣ȻȻּΪİ˼ؿųϫЦԭǳϫѣ˵ǰѩīٰһᣬо͵һλҫޱȵŮ۵ϯʱһٴ˹µ۾ʮƽ
˶٣ӯӯųϫλҫ۵òǳϫɣ
Щƿ޵ĻϫһŮδ̫˵ãȻѩīзһжָƣͨˣ
ֲ˶ǻ纣ӵȺ׵Ǳʣд˱ɼһˡ
Ȼޣ¡ϫԻһ䡣
ϫӣ⣬һΣСŮǡһҪ͹̡
Ȼ΢΢һЦ˴죬ϫ룬̬崺磬ܾ̾
ϫȴ飬һܾˣһ£ʵ鲻ȻĪ⡣
ɲͶԷӴˣŮ˼纣Ҳ
Ҿ͸湫ߣʲôȻܰæӾ˵ǡ
˵ţȻϫߣϫӯӯһЦĻ٣Ŀ
ϫʱһ̾ŮȻʹˡ
νֲЦˣοԷʼ̬û¶κһ˿⣬óϫһҲʵþܾˡ
Ȼ֪к£ֱԣܰ쵽ģˡ
ȻȻһü̾ѣɸշսѵǰŵ
һһŴöַ顣
ϫɫʱ΢΢һͣ⻰ʲô˼ʲôдţúԼĻƵġ
߰ɡϫϣ˵ȥԵԼ̫顣
Ȼ΢΢һЦΪ˳ϫĴ𸴣ƵһָǳǱߣҲ顣
ڵʲô飬δ˵
ϫһԷѡ񱱷ʱҲ޻˵ԭҲҪȥ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪͼƬԵʣ֮ǰ֪һ޵ĺçŻ汱
ûٳɣƾնʩչŲ֮˲ʧԭء
Ǹ·ʱȻȻŤͷϫӣ鲻ҰһСæ
ϫü˻
ȻЦЦָᳯϫ̽ȥ
Өĺ촽ЦһƬκ쳣ޱȡ
ɳϫȴһӱȫ񾭣δܾȴѾ֮Էһһ¶κһ˿ףͻᱻӦ
Ͼ֮ǰȻδκιϵ¶Է̬ٺãҲҳˡ
Һãһϫĵ쳣δ
һգʱ䣬ȻջָָֻȴǶһֻһСͨˣ䲻۵ĵ
ȻǴӳϫ·ժģ


1654 Ѫ
ָֻֻ׸ǴСͨ˵ģϢһƬҶƵģۡ
ɵϫͫȴȻΪ֮һ
Ҫ֪Ϊ磬򷨲֣򳾲Ⱦ
˵һƬҶһɽɱҲתе⡣
ֻϣǻȻûһ˿̫Ѱˡ
˵Ϲ֣Ϲ֮УҲֻϲ
Ȼ۲תǻ۰ĹΨһñ׷ٵˣ˵㣬񾳴ڣһϣҲԲ
ԣϫжʱһĨ֮ɫףΪܹһٶسԼǰˡ
ⰡȻ˼
ԭҺһ𴳵çŻ棬ҾܾˡϫһĿȻָϵֻЩ벻ף֪ԼѾܾΪȴҪԼСˡ
ҾͲµ
ȻӨĴǷһĨиǺεطһĨ
Һܾˣ֮жǳģΪֹûһӵģЩӵʧҲеıӵü³ңڵֻɫ粻֪ٴˡ
һУϫףֲҪԼԭ˶ΪˣֻԼһİˡ
һҲ湻ģ͵Ѳƶϫסпһ䡣
˵Ĳ䱻ȣɰݣֻ³ҲҪȻЦһ˵
˵ʱ޳ָһֳһƳʢİɫ档

ֻϢ͵طһɣȴһǰɫ˲ٻһա
һк󻼶ˣ߰ɡȻЦſ˳ϫһۣǰŲƶȥ
ȻҾΪ˺£ϫ׷ȥ̲סʵ
·˵
Ȼգգ۾ЦӯӯϫӣѵĶûô˵ܲϲȻһͬУ
˵ַˣϫֻűˡ

ããɽͣ
һʯ᾵ɽС
Ĺֵοɶл֣շصҶһݺѱѳ֮
ЦǺǵϵܲؿ֮Ծ㣬ҲǴçŻкһ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʲôǿЦѣҪ£ֻ޷
൱ϵϵȱżܾһԣɱһͷ侫ǡѪҺӦζʲô
˵ţһۡ
һ㡭㡭
Цŵͷ̹ȻǰЩżȻ˵ϵǰçŻ棬ϿǴһ˲õı˵ܹԴ泹ѱұ˼Ҫ͵һһͷޣǺĳ⡣
ɫòô˵ھ֮ǰıһˣ
ЦôҲΪ˸õĺϵһǻѪǰ׷ˣ
â˸ͻȻЩɣ֮ǰҺСӵսҲڰƲģĻɺ֮£
ɫһüϵܣЩɲ˵ȻЩãҲԸɲ
ĺɵشƬ̣յϣ˵ģƴҲӦ
ˣʱһЦϵܣͷİɣûеѪӣǰæһкγ²ɣ
ĺߵҪ̫磬֪Ļ죬ֹһ޻ء
ǵȻ
ȴЦѣӿһĨɱҪô˻ᣬһɱ˶ԷȻϵѪӣգǰסֳ嶯
Ĳɱ
Ѫر񱦽ԶͬҪãҪһػɬĿھֿھһУҲֻȼ˲ա
˼֪ھҲȻ޷ʩչʶҲǲðһԡ
ž
ڴʱϺȻһϸ΢ɫ͵΢΢һ䣬̽־óһѵĻɫӼ
СѾˡü˸
ڳϫһֱ͸Է̫أӵһμʱһֱӷͬѰκС
ֱĪȴǺƾԼֶصֱŻЩһЩʱܹ׻Ϊġ
ԣһʼϫʱȤǽһֻޱȵȻĴ˳ϫϣͼϫĵϸ
˼ڵִçŻ֮ڰжֶΣĵһ˳ϫλãϢ֮Уʹٳһս
ͨ£ֹ̽˳ϫǿɲսǼӵذģǷһ飬ӶԤƺõļƻ
ƻǣϵѪӣȻԼϵһͷ޾ǡѪҺһղѱһͷԴ棡
ļƻ
ӽʱһֱڽţֱһжԵüΪ˳ԼҲЩԵá
ɴ˿̣ĻɫӼȷϫֻѾȥкȻһĨõԤУͺĳЩƿһ㡣
ѣü
û£ֻһЩһ߰ɣԴ֮صֻѾˡ͵شӳ˼ѹһЦſڡ
Ŷ˸һ£˵ͷ


һߣƺУϫȻɶݣ֪ȻȻҲҪԼʱ΢΢Щ졣
ʲôʣ޷ȻЦӯӯʵһϮѣƮҷ裬貨ӣ鶯
Ϊʲôңϫֱʳ
ܼ򵥣Ϊʵ㹻ǿ󣬶ҲǡȱһЩɿѡȻشҲ̹ȻͨӴѾ֪ϫƢ֪ϲĨǡ
ǣ
ϫע⵽ʻ㣬üˣ
֮⣬߻λԼһЩս˵Ķ񾳴ڡ
ȻĽ͵çŻ漫ΣգԴ֮ͬũϡұܷҲҵжˡ
֮أǵеһƬ򣬴һƷۼԴ㵮С
һϫֻȻû뵽֮ؾᱻ˿ֲˡ
һ̣뵽˼ڿǾǷҪȻǺ


1655 ħ
ϫĬȻҲżֻϫ
֪˴νçŻӦòʮλڷ֮ǰʮλǰʮλǰʮʮλʣʮ֮⣬ԺԲơ
ߣ֮⣬λλǰʮУһλǰʮ֣ũκһηˡ
öϪˮ
ƷۼԴֻһ꣬ǼܹɹᵽУⱦλ֣
ϫʵȻǺͲɱ漰⣬Իá
һѲصģʱ˭֣˭ģ˾ȥᡣںԿʱЩѱһӪģһ¶⡣
ȻϵϫʣӨĺ촽¶һѩױݣЦӯӯһ䡣
ϫ룬Ӧ˼ȥôҲװȫİ취
οȻЩԵĸ콾Ȼ֮ص˽⼫࣬һжԲʲôˡ
ȻֻǳϫԼƲģɲҰһϣˡ
ãҾԤףܹɹȻ⣬ЦſڣȻϫľ
ϫЦŹ˹֡

çŻһƬ̫ŻϢɽԶ͸ԭʼζ
ܴѰٲκνããأȻ֮󣬳ӯһɺç֮
һ
ˡȻٿȻ㣬ңңԶһɽ壬Ĳ
ϫ̧ȥһ˲Ϳɽۣ֮һӰԼĪʮˡ
Щˣе嫣Ů鶯ƮݣʽԶȻ֣Ⱥ١
Ϊ۵ģΪӣһ¹ʤѩ񽣣һһɾɣ
һݴ磬ɣⱬըޱȣϻӡһصͼģͼڣԵüΪء
Ǳǵ𾣣ڷ֮ʮ˫֮
Ȼɿ촫ϫܣһǵˮλеڶʮһλħǿߣ洫ʮͨѱʵС
˶٣޵ߣ˵еٮٮߣ󶼸𾣺ˮϵǳ
ϫ˵ͷܣЩ޵ȻԶ𾣺հ
̸֮ʣӰƮȻɽ֮ϡ
Ȼ
Ȼˡ
Ȼɽ˽Զ۾һЦӭԵú¡ء
һЩ޵нԶ¶һ˿˿ءĽ
ȻȻЩеĵλҲǼΪ߳ģٲȻһҫ۵Ƶġ
λǣ
𾣿ϫʱ΢΢һü֮䲻ײ塣
Ҳע⵽˳ϫһʱ԰Ŀг˺棬һĨȣû뵽ȻһӶ
˸ҽܣǵѣѩīĳϫҲһλʵΪ˵áȻЦŽϫһ
ѩī
ʱϫĿеĺ֮ɫʱʣɫԶһĨ޵䵭
ټǶԳϫּΪİǳʧȥ顣
³ϫλϫЦŹ֣ƻȻûע⵽Χյı仯
ǽԶڵгɳҪôţҪôѪһĸߣΪ򾳵޵ԶԶԼǹˣĪҪǼƽˡȻһԵ
סϫЦЦ
ϫں˿Щˬϫˣ䵱ȻƵ˽ʱ̼ò޵нԶЩޡ
УȻһλŮĴڣ绪ǻ˫ܺһѩīļһﴦһ
ѩī
ʲôط
ѩī򣿺ǺǣʲôʱѩīǵȵطȻҲܹˣ
˺ȻЦڣһĨ޵Ĳм
ԣҲԶȻ
ϫˣϵЦ𽥵ЩһԺųԼĵ
죬ˣʲôʱҲ޷ķˣ
Ȼӯӯɨˣ̬ȻȴһĨõζ¡
һ꣬ԲɫһͣȻˣҿɾκολϫѵ˼ʵû뵽ѩīǵȵطҲܵˣɺĽ
Ȼҡҡͷٶԡ
ȻΪҵȴδ˵ڷ֮ôһ
ٴ˿ڣȴǴһĨʵ̬ȻЩȻάϫˡ
ǰǰٵУɸûгϫòʵ̫֮ûȥɣ
ǻʲôʸǽΪѣǴһжΪ׸
Ҳ׷׿ڣìͷָ˳ϫ
ϫüëԼĺܲʱ򰡡
ȻüڴϫǰʱҲʶȾ棬Ͼϫǵ޵ߣİȻһЩɻˡ
ȴȫû뵽̬ᷢչȵزЩһﲻԳϫɻһĨų͵⡣
λ֪ǶԳϫѵʵɣҲֱԸǣǰãϵı˳ϫСȻȻڣɲʹȥ
ʲô
İǰһУ
ԣԶһЩš
һֱԹ۵𾣺һֱĬԵˮҲУ˼
ôܣĿλз֮еĵʮܻģ˵ʵ֮ˣΪη֮Ͼû֣
üѵ˵֮Ȼǲܵģ
Ҳɻ󣬵ȷ֮㣬鲼֮УڣɴӲˡ
ȻԼ˵ݶˣȻ˾ŲвЩŭλĪΪȻƭ˲ɣ
ҡͷǿɲȻʵڷ˼ټжԳϫΪų⣬԰ìͷָ˳ϫ
οϹʷϣɲûгڷ֮ϣʵȴ԰ŵĴڡ
Ȼ쿪ڣдһĨʣλòǰǧǰλһ˶սԺǧʮ죬޿ƥеɣ

Ҳ֪˺εȻ䣬нԶݺһɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿһħ˫ڰǧǰһǰ㣬һҹ֮ڵԺһսϵͳ䶯
ɺܿ죬Ǿ侲ȻȻǰĳϫͰǧǰԱȣжʱһƽ⣬СӺεºܣȻܱ˸߿


1656 һɲ֮
Χձù죬ϫĿУһĨɡ
Ȼû뵽ԼѾ淴ûת
ãƥҲǴһĨɫ
ȻĪҪ⣬ҲΪԺж룬ʶŻλϫѵʵɡ
ȻһֱԹ۵𾣿ڣ¹ʤѩʣһһĪһɡ
Լǡ
ԣ˴жϾͬСɣҵҲû˵λϫѣЩʵǷˡ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ȻˣҲٶŭԺǱ֪ϫӵж
αصȵԺ޺һﻹδִôʱ䣬Ҹ˳ͳϫдһʵ֤һУǸã
һʱͻò˵
Ȼüһ壬а̾վǲɱطչһ֪ǸóЩһɼΣǱ顣
ϫ۾ţʼնû˵һ֣һжУʱǺȻһĨ޵Ļȡ
ʵ
ȻϫҲԼ㹻ǶȻҲ˲ˡ
仰˵ЩһһٶԼȫΪԼѩī򣬶ǵټԣûгڷ֮ϣԲŸ޼ɵضԴԼ
ټȻһԴάԼƽ⣬ʶ̬Żᷢչȵز
ϫЩȴ޷ܣԵʲô˲ƾʲôԼҪܵǵɣ
һֶԼӣһųͲ
ϫѣΣ𾣿ڣҲ뿴ϫкεˡ
ȻҺʱʵһʼǾܾġ
ϫĬƬ̣ſڵ˵ЩҲûãȻλʵɣô
˵⣬ȻһЦĿһɨˣȻǾսɣóĳԵλʲôʸɳĳˣ
仰Ȼݣȴһ˵ֹǶɵһֻش𣬸һֻ
ǻҲС
ͬһǾвУ
ϫȣƵȻʵҲΪڴ˿ˡ
仰˶УȴԵ̶
ǺǣǣҵҪƣˣأһЦ
䣡
һ˰صһ̤ʱգٿȻϫ档
̬¾ɫ棬֮䣬ɷҲΪ˲Ŀ
СӣԵɽһ֣ܿزסҪСˣ޷ֵóͶȻΪǹ۸㣡
һվȻڣϫüɱڣޱȡ
ϫŶһԣɫȻǲȴһӺͲм
䣡
һӰ͵һչɫ棬Ȼһֻգ⣬ųϫɱȥ
һУ¶˷֮ɫ
ֻһʩչһֿɲܻһգҫʵˡ
ɽɽӡ
˾̾ϳһ֣㶯ɱУҪһٽϫݿ壬ݺݸһ
˶𣬿Ҳǽ꣬ս֮ǿᣬԶͬˡ
һʩչ˷δ̫߿СˣһЩСˡͬ˲ΪȻΪ̫ѩīСӵˡ
ԷϾ𣬲ȡֲԣҲףûˣ¾ͿСֿܵãܺͲƽ֣ˡ
ЦһԵȻȴǻȻûע⵽һ¶һĨЩĿá
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ЩĿòֺһɲǼӦ

䣡
˿̣һմŹ죬ʱնۻƿɲ˼¡
һɲ˶ɫ΢䣬һԤĻҪǿ
ǲĴ㣬ѣһֱȻһԷݿ塣
ֻˣ㹻𺳡
ҲֻˣչֳԼľԼ׼̤Է
ͬҲֻ֤Ȼ֤һ֪ðļһҲһ
ȻҲһ˿ԼûĵǣһԷȻ˵ô죿
ԣȫˣԼǿֶΡ

һ𾪵ĿУȻһΪŭ졢ʵļУ
ŷ֣оǳԲ
䣡
һֻԲգ类пĴһΪԱŽ
һĨƻͻ磬ڲǰ
ǳϫĽɲ֮գЮķâɱȥ
һĨ쫷Ѹݣ˼£Ҳ˵˼¡
أ
һ񵶶ԿȴһĨӲɳȥյƸǱѣѪ䣬׹֡
ǽ֮ת˲ӿȫȻ˶òòܵˡ
ʹ
Ȼ
֣
ͫŵ£зһʹŵļУҲٴαһѪˮ
ô£
ʲô
Ϊʲô˿ֲɱ
˼һɲǼ䱻־棬ƴܡ
˵Ŀ죬һĨȴĸ졣
糤۾Ƶģ˺ʱաγ޼᲻ݡﲻƵ֮һֱĵǡ
ʱɫ԰ֽǸˣӰθ˵ΪǽɱϣǻҪģ
䣡
ʶأгͫǾȻ׷ʲô£ΪʲôԼֻܵ˿죬ܵ˳ͷβ
ৣ
һĨȻֹͣڲʺһ֮أֺͷųķ̼ʺһۣһѪ顣
òֱͬڹŹһ⣬˶ǣֲ

Χţѻȸ
˶Ӧ㱻һĻɫ͡
̫ˣ
һм˲ɣӲ֣䣬ֹǵʯǰ򵥡
Ϊ̫죬ҲΪû뵽Ľ֣ԲŻԵøġ

žУһĨͬ⣬ƮȻ
ϫ̧ۿ˿ܣֽĿ⿴˲ѣҲΪڹ۸ɣ
ڻӦ֮ǰǾ仰
ΧţԭΪѶȫϫ㲻̰ܱҲ뱻棬˷ڴţ˭֪Ұܵģǲˡ
һ֮һͿء
ڳ֮УΨһµֵģֻ¾ȻˣΪڿս֮ǰ¶һĨĿá
ΪΣ
Ϊ֪ϫܲ򵥣
ĶУ඼ðȻ֮սֱȻ˿أܻѰ
һ̣Ȼоһ˿ʹо


1657 ޺
ۼȫžճƣϫҲԷƮƮ˹֣˵ˡ
֣ȴЩ޵Ȼø
ѩīļһһ˭룬ı仯ȴһεĶ⣬ݺݸһơ
ǽԶƲѡ
ȴòϣϫʵȷǿڳ֮У˶ȥɡ
ĿǰһĻɫٿ˿һƵģĳϫסüͷһ塣
ѽ˳ϫʤľ棬ȴ޷ܣ˵ϫˡ
ĻЩ־Լ磬ڽж
Ҫͳϫдһ
Цǰѩ񽣣һһɾ
۾Ȼһ
һֱĬԵˮˣ죬ֹղδ˵ʲô
Ȼȴüһ֣ϫ֤ԼʵȥɾЩˡ
ȻЦȻ㲻ؽţҲǼϲκδѹϫѵ˼ϾҲ֪ﵽȾ磬ҪѰһɿĶ֣ʵѡ
˶٣ٿȻϫϫѣΣ
ϫЦ޲ɡ
УȴЩˣһѣΪԼѩīԣһֱԼ
Ҳ֤ԼʵȴֱԷҧסţҪһԼ㲻Щһôġ
ȻȴӦˣطһĨɫе֮ɫ٣ٿȻһĨԵϡ
ҪҺдһ촽⣬䵭Ȼȴ͸һ
Ȼһ֪ٲȻˡ
УЦʼȻֻһдѣӦǱˣɱŭ
˵ţЦ˳ϫһۣҵͦĽϫѵģܵõȻ˴͹գҶЩʰ
̬ת䣬ٲȻɫҲһܹ飬ԭһԵ֣Ӧ໥շͬͬˣûк˱һ˵
ϫҲЦЦδԡ
¾ʱͣìܿɲþʹ˻ˣԼھͶ֣Ҳ״ˡ
򣬶ԷбȻ᲻ľʹˡ
û뵽εˣȻãǸòҰɣ
ȻԶһЦƲ㶼ñɢ
ৣ
һӰƾճɽϡ
һѰ£ü⾼񣬱ͭìʱһĨʵЦݣԵ⺷ѡҰһص
ɫһ񣬷׷ӭǰ
޺֡
޺۴ˡ
ȻҲһĨЦ⣬һ˱
ֹǱûǵ¡𾣹ŭص٩һ䡣
ô˵ҿɾˡЦЦݲã¶һѩ׵ݣȾ
˼ˣҲԶݸ
ףλģĿ⿴ϫǰЦ޺ۣѽ޺۱ˡ
̬ȳΪѣ׾øС
ϫЦ³ϫ
ȴǰһܲѰֹΪڷ֮񾳵ʮһλãչֳķȽԶѰɱȡ
Ҳѷ˶Էһ
˵ڳ֮УóϫӵģȻԼһֱһﲻˮ֮⣬㵱ǰ޺ˡ
֮𾣣ʵǿǿˮߣֳؽͷȣȴԲһء
ﵽϫȾ磬һѲٿʵĸߵͣǿչֳĸȺд˱жϳٶ
ϫ޺ʲôɻƺ˵㣬һʱȴ벻ˣʵԵ򣿡
ַӦȴóϫ΢΢һѵϻеڶϫɣ
ֹǳϫҲɻ޺ۿǵϵޱȣȻ˵ϫ֣ЩѰˡ
޺֣ϫѩī򣬲ʵǼΪ˵ãҶϲ޲֮дһһЦ̾ǷģֻԼˡ
ѩī򡭡޺ĶͷЦҼǴˣҲһλԵŮ洹ǰ˵Ĳͬһˡ
Ů洹
һ㼴ЦҡͷΪȻǿɲΪϫǵȹϵͳйϵˡ
Ů洹֣ϫݺһЩţЩɻ
ȷ޺ۿеŮ洹Լ֪Ů洵ֻû뵽ǣŮ洵оᵽԼ֣ΪµԵ
ͬϫҲȷԷеĳϫȻԼΪŮ洵ûеڶϫˡ
Ů洵ϹţȻڵСϫͷתȴǲɫ
ɲ뱻˿һЩʲôˡ

޺һ˴֧㵽ˡ
ϸ۲ͻ֣֧ᷢӵλڷ֮ǰʮλֱʮһ޺ۣʮȻʮ𾣡
ˮڶʮħ񾳴ڣһ㣬ͲС
һǳϫˣδ񵥣֮ǰܲһĻ֤ʵ
ʮ޵ͬҲԵеĶڣһ֧飬çŻУѿǺ
ȻƲ⣬ҲֻũϡұܷǵֵȥȥԴˣѲعں
֮еľƷۼԴֻһ꣬Ҳ˵ϻԵֻᱻһ˵õƽ֮ǰλһһʶ
𾣿ڣ٩٩̸˵ڽԴ֮غ󣬳ᣬһе޵߸ԶһԴ
ȻЩ޵һ֣ЩȥһƷۼԴ
ȻҲȶȡۼԴȥȡƷԴ
һ㵹Ҳܺ⣬Դ֮УɲֹֻһƷۼԴͬҲŲԴֻƷûоƷۼ߶ѡ
Щδﵽε޵ߣȻǲᵽƷۼԴһʵĿǣҲֻ˶ΣѡȥȡԴ
ʵǴ˴ϫЩҲûܳɹȡһƷۼԴҲֻȥѡƷԲģɾû˳񾳡
𾣽һ˵꣬Ŀ˳ϫϫѣģҲЩ֪Ƿͬ⣿
ϫͷȻͬ⡣
ǺãȻҶͬ⣬Ǿˣλо仰ҿ˵ǰߣԴ֮غǱһӪģһжӪΪأ˭ͼƻǿɾǺǴΪˣ
ɫһ࣬ڣĿأƳһԵĳϫһۣһ־棬һѣѰζ


1658 ֮·
𾣵Ļ䣬ĿҲ޵ؿϫ
һ˿΢
Ȼ˶ⷬھϫ
ϫȻҲóɫȴЩ֡
Լһʼ𾣣ٵڣһƺԼ
Щ޵߲̽ԼʵԼΪԼ̬ȹƽͣȴϫᵽһ˿⡣
ϫ²͸ԭ򣬵ȴʼˡ
ˣȻ鶼ϣǾͳɣҿЩȲǰ֮һˡ
޺ۻӶ˵һһ͹ӣͨӲӵһתڿնڳ򵭽ɫԡ
ն«
һ洫鱦«һƻ籾ԴĪ⣬ܻΪУϢ֮ն֮ǣԵ
˿˱Զ۾һ¶һĨۣڵУ鱦ҲǺ֮ɶá
ϫҲǰԸпǵ̵ĿˣǴ壬޷֮⡣
û´һֱ޺۱ڱϵͭìҲһǿƥ鱦
λ߰ɣ˴αҳ䵱ȷ棬Ϊҿٳһ̹
޺۴ЦһӰһݣڿգٿ뵽ն«ڲ
ˡ
һ̣վҲն«رһ͵ƿƲ㣬ʱնȥ

ն«ԳǬвֹܲɽһ޽лֺ뻪Ľ¥̨ͤ¥󣬾֮仯
λ⣬ʱ𡢸ɫʣϲֵģһ෿ݾޣ˵ն«УǱѰ츣ضҪʤһţһԣ
޺۴һͥ԰УָΧЦŽһ
ֻͥ԰ľɲިɢһĥ⻬빣ʢŸɫļʡɹġɫԣɷǷʢ
޺۹Ǻû
ֱһ̾Ǻ޺ۣСڣȴΪʲôʱʲôطԼ׼һЩǲ֮
ܿ죬˱ϯض죬ƵƣԵΪǢ
ϫѣҿƺһƷۼԴȤ
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣ޺˳ϫһ࣬ϫҲ˵濪ڣݣȴѰζ
ȻȤҲһܹȡϾ޺۹ĸ֮࣬ʵûġϫЦҡͷ
Դ˱̬ȣȷԣпܣԻȥȡǰȴȥֹǹұܷж
ǳϫ׼򣬼ȻӦŮ۵飬Բȥˡ
ʲô֣Դ֮ؿɷͬѰֹҪƴʵҪһĻԵԵʵǿҲ޼¡޺ȻЦ
ϫЦЦΪԵҲҪʵȥȡ
޺ΪȻпȷ֮·ά裬ǶԣҪһֱǰ֮ѰʵҪѣҲΪǰçŻԭ򡣡
һھƣûܳɹҲܹллƷƷεԴҲ㲻ˡ
ϫԴƷʵĲͬ˾ƷǰƷԳͨԴȻԶҲΪϹУҲǿѰٵġ
ġ塢ƷԴѾǶΣֻиУѰٵܹȱĸء
Ѱ޵ߣܹһ궥εԴѾоĪĻԵˡ
ƷϵԴϹһǧУǺѰ޵ȥǡ
ΪȲεĵԴʵ̫ˣÿһ꣬ȻᱻЩϴһա
ȲεԴ·ƷƷƷۼ
ۣ
ȫۣͬȫͬԴһֱһֺȴڶ
çŻ濪ŵһµľƷۼԴȻ˶ѡ
ΪҪǣԴ֮УɲֹֻоƷۼԴ
޺˵Ц˴ǽ˶ۼҲȻѷɫκˣ£γܶۼԴ
ʱ򣬶𾣺ȻЦſڣȻ˳ϫ޺֮ĶԻ
޺ȻЦЦɲô˵˴λлᣬУΪӡ
컹Ҫ˵ЦʲôȻ͵һҡض˽Զһݣͣж
ն«Уܵ𶯣ѵ緢ʲô£

޺͵һӣȻ֮䣬绯͸ӳֳһ续
Ȼ˱㿴羹ڱҹҷ˸硣
ɲӴӰХ֮䣬ŭţţʱն̤ΪƬǡ
ʱܿ㡢ħ衢ѪȾաҵȵȿɲ󣬳ÿһռ䡣
ǵȳֱ˻ĩˣꡣ
ֲãѾħˣλصģն«Բʲôˡ
޺һɫɵ
ҲɫһɣٹעȻҲħһС
ϫȴЩľƾԼֻͣҪͨħܼˡ
çŻ棬ԵͬʱҲɱա
ǰħçŻеһ׵أ˵ѰǿߣǶεǿߣҲҹ̤һ
ҪԴ֮أͱ봩һƬħд˱֪Դ֮ؿҲ˭ִܹġ
ҺãϫʱѲصĴ˵㡣
أأأ
ն«ҲȻܵ˿ɲĹֲһȻ
ţǣ
Ƿʥϣ
أ˾׳Ŀⶼȥ硣
ֻһ°ɫɮ۵̤꣬âЬֳֿľȣںҹ֮С
ɫִ꣬һĨʯļǣ硢޷ǣȺޡħӰ޷䲽
ŴִУĩհĿɲӰСȴһ޿ɺĸо
֮䣬ӰʧԶããҹС
ԣнԶӿһĨȻ𺳡
ǿ
̲סп˳š
Ƿ֮񾳵ʵ治֪ũǿ˺εȵز
һʱ֮䣬нԶЩأԽǿ󣬱ζžҲԽпᡣ
ǵ֮ʥ޵ǡ֪ңִңҡ֮;עһҪһȥܡȥҲζţ˴εжУֻһˣ֡
޺ЦƵĻҲɲηˡ
ϫԣȴǲУһˣһ·Ѱҵ;һɫ˵˵ôף


1659 ԭʼľ
ϵĵһۣϫһǿĶ֣޺ǲηϣϫȴòӶԷ
ⴿһֱ
ȻϫԲϣһжлͶԷˡ
һ
ն«𶯣ƽ
ϫĿʱȴֻҝһƬʲôҲˣȻѾһƬħ
ն«ɶݵٶȴȻ֮Уɬޱȡ
λѾִçŻУҲҪһʱִܵԴ֮أѾն«ٶȣϾçŻͬѰ˵鱦ƾʵȥɶݣҲܵơ
޺ۿڽ͵ҺãçŻǵвκΣգλǿԽʱ䣬ĵϢһȵִ֮غ󣬿ɾûȻˡ
ԣԶͷʾ⡣
һʱ䣿ǿԽ˻ᣬȥһˡϫ
ϫѣȥȻڡ
ȥչءϫڵ
չأ𾣺Цֻһʱ䣬ڴ˵صϢϢתۼţչصĻֻʱ䲻ðɣ
ҲЩЦһ°չʲôһѵΪһºΪٴͻƲɣ
ϫЦЦûЩתȥ

һǸ⡣
ϫ뿪̲סҡͷ
ȻϫôʶģҸоһεĺܰ
Ҳ˳ô˻ᣬȻϫ
仰õ˲ͬ׷׽ĿȻ
֮ǰɺųϫΪϫʵ⣬ԣڳϫ֤ܲԼʵֲıϫѹʿû˵ʲôпɲδԳϫ̬жٺתˡ
Ȼһ۾Ϳһ㣬кȻӿһ˿Щһһߣ۸ڶ޵ߣҲ֪Խˡ
뿪˱ıӻֻ类֪ٴ˰ɣ
Ҳȥһ
Ȼڣǹ߳ĬˮȻڣֱ뿪
˲һЩȷˮǺιˡ
ҲЩһ˰ɣȻ˼ͬʱҲȻҲһ˾λ⡣
˵գǿȥ
˼ˣ²³һЩʲôɫԶЩ
һжΪС
һŭѣȴЦˣǼơ
ԣơ޺۷ûвյı仯ˬʴЦžƺ㳩
һװͿƳ޺һۣɫضƱһڡ

С
ϫϥм֮£˲նʼչĦʶ

ʶУ纣ӿݡ
ӿŵģгϫļ䡢ǻۡ򡢾飬Ө͸ԡ
ŵ⻯̨꣬ǡһبŲļ̨ȼŲ֮档
ܿ죬ųϫǱĲһӴĴӡʶ֮ϫ׽
䣡
һɲǣĴа籼ڵĺˮ¡¡ӿϫи֪С
Ща֣ȴɬأƵȴ׾棬ڤڤޱȡ
գһƪڳϫг֡
ԻԭʼҴľ
ԭʼľ
ϫһЩ⣬ȾѪнͼĴУֳһţ
ȷһ֮ķš
ϫȷţΪڷʱڻԵɺ֮£Ӵлˡķţͬһĵ伮
ˣһ۾Ϳⲿԭʼľڡ
ǿ԰סɻ󣬳ϫʼ֪а塣
֮͵۾һǻȻʣͷͨ
ȷ֮зţ˵ĵĻꡢӤĴ󾳽硣
ô⡾ԭʼľӤϵľ磡
óϫ𾪵ĵط
ΪȻΪ֮ļޣӤزɺȻǰʵ֪ƫġ
ԭʼľ˾Ŷͣÿһһͬ硣
һͣһ죬ܹڵ֮Уٳһ֮
ŶͣǾ죬ҲζſԿٳ֮
գ֮һԲִ˵زɵԭʼ֮֮󣬹۴ڣ
Խǲ򣬳ϫԽ𾪣֮˽ҲǸ̡
֮Ӥ磬磬ͺñһӤԭʼľӤ֮Ѹٳɳ
ǾŶ֮磬ӤľŸ׶Σ
˴˷ţɲֹô򵥡ϫ֮жô˼顣
ֹܹԼӵгսԸ⣬ΪͬŲɹá
¸óϫ𾪵ǣⲿԭʼľĺ벿Ȼӡһƪýķţ
ԦϫǴδʶ֮࣬ʱͬͱһ㴰ֽһֶĿһµĸо
ûκε飬ϸȥʱƣĿҲ𽥱Ȼоϲš
գһ૵ֲã˵Ľ˾ˣԭҪڽ֮һ¥Ҫֵ֮ġ
ԣ֮ͬŲ㣬ʾ죡ÿһ׶Σǽϵһȫɱ䣬Ҳ֮츲
һķţԳǡ֮ؽϫǣⲿٲȻ͡ԭʼľľؾศɣ˴˺Ӧ
Ҳ˵ӵеһ֮ʩչһӵеڶ͵֮ʩչʶơ
ӵоŶ֮ʩչʾ
ʾ֮ϣռ;Ĵ޼֮;
֮ͻ˽ʾ죬̤ˡռ;˷һնɱǧ
֮󣬳ϫвԻָƽ
ԭʼľ֮ؽʾ졭ѾӤ̫ãͻƣսҲ֮ٴһ̨ˡ
ϫĬĬ˼ãûгɣʼȥ
ৣ
κУһֱϥĿŵӤڴ˿̺Ȼ۾峺ڣصĹ⡣
ӤݺͳϫһģһֻӤС˿ȴ˫鰴һӡ
ˡ
һӡᣬӤһʵʵľӨڣʥ
֮˿̣Ӥųϫ⣬ʼתԭʼľһ͵š

ЧϵĺãЩˣһʱ䣬ϫͷоԼе֮糱ˮ㣬ǣӤѭݣγһѭ
һʵ̫ڵ֮УѭӤ֮ڣڷ֮䣬ʵ
֮أݵ֮С
Եġҡָһˡ
ڳϫķУӤڣȴһɱȺƺҪѭҪܻһĳΣ


1660 
ϫϥ
ķ֮أӤϥ
ӤڣһɹɾӨ͸ƺƵ֮ѭγһĳΡ
ʱƣѭƣе֮Ҳ񡢰硣
ܹУӤϱ仯Ŀ֫ٺ񣬲׳ɳ
ֱ
ѻһСͯģӤٿȻ̽˫֣һɬӡŹ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬Ӥ쳹һƻرſ֮Ȼʼܻ
ܻǬɽӡ
ܻ쾭γʱǳ
ֱһв󣬲졭
գΪһ
һеɴ֮ᣬӨ͸ӯݵĺʥϢ
֮֮ȵȻͬԴ޵֮УĪ⡣

֮糱ˮʼܶѭϴȹ¿ٳһнƽ
ͬǣӤѻһüɵͯӣóϫȥƿ֮ȥԭʼľ
ԭʼľһ;磬һ֮֮߱ʵɱ䣬Ʒ츲ء
һϫŽʱ䣡
ٶȣֺֹǾܹݣ
ϫԼȴǺԼ֮Ӥ̫ãѻ˼ΪӴԭʼľĳֻ֣ṩһţԼ֮ʹǿ١
ԺҪͻڶ֮ɾͲôˡ
ԣϫԴ˵̸϶ྪȡ
˿̵һƵԣӨӨ⣬Ͼǡƾ棬ȻȻ
һ֮֮ͻƣҲǼӴʹΪһ˿仯
⵹ϫЩ⣬˲øпץסһ˿ʼΪ
ͬʱķֶãһ˲֮ؽϡ

ǰ¹ȥ
ϥصĳϫȻ۾Ŀܣܻƺѭܶ죬ֱģ
һʧĿ»ָƽ䡢ž󽭣˵Ŀ顢
ϧʱ仹̫ˣҪΪԲز뻹Ҫʱĥ¡
ϫϢı仯Щεҡҡͷ
˵ΪС֮ϵͻƣԼ֮ؽõȴϫΪ⡣
ֺôǣۺս̶̲һʱУٴһأ
ճϫƲ⣬ʱĺһ֣ԶԼκв
Ƿ֮ʮŵĴڣʮֶԳϫ첻κвԱȵĻϫ˿̵ʵָǿ˺εȵز
Լ
룬çŻУѲηκ˶սڷ֮ǰʮĴڣ

ھеϢ죬ϫʱ䣬㳤Ŷ
ʱçŻǵȥʮ죬޺۵˵ֻѿҪԴ֮ˡ
ţ
ϫִͥ԰ʱֳв֪ʱһƽ̨޺ƽ̨⡣
ƽ̨ϣ¹ʤѩȲںһ޵д衣
ԱʵΪĶֲʵҲȳϫ֮ǰܵĲʤһ˿
ৣ
ָһһĨٽХȥصһֱõ½󱻻һǳǳѷ졣
һѾȸղǿһЩȴԲ죬ʶһ˿ɳ֮´ٳʱӦ
ЦſڣѩϹһĨ΢Ц档
ֹĶ֣ƽ̨һЩ޵ߣҲ¶˼֮ɫ
һȥϫʱףʵսָЩ޵ߡ
һǲͣЪ϶ҪԴ֮ˣȴ˷ϫĲΪȻ
ɲΪһЩָ㣬Щ޵ߵսڶʱڷͻͽı仯ˡ
Ҫǣô˷˵ۣҪ֪Դ֮ؿǳɲգʱ˷һ˿һԽжӰˡ
ȻǲںЩ
ϫȻҲȥȥֹˣɨ˲˵׵ˡ
֣ܷҲдһΪָԽ򣿡ƽ̨ǰһ޵߹֣һϣؿƽ̨ϵ𾣡
ֵˡ
ǰȻεѵãҶڵȴɲҪⷢ졣
޵߷׷׿ڣȻҲд裬лһЩָ㡣
𾣴Цָо׼ڣĿⲻһƳԶĳϫʱı⡣
ϫѣչ˶գΪҲô˻ᣬдһ
һӾͰĿŲ˹ȥɫнԶһ˿Ź֮ɫ
ϫչʱ˱ΪмΪϫŪ飬飬ʱһ֣㿴һ֡
һԵ޺ۼˣЦЦҡͷѡ
֮ǰ˵ǰԴ֮ǰ𾣱Ҫͳϫд裬ȴȻ̬ǿӲֹ
ֵ˵뷨֪ͷֻҲһֱܳϫ¡
ΪҪô޺ԼҲܲ³Ҳȥֹдѣ̸ʲô¡
ټԳϫսҲΪ棬˿Ҳһþ
룬ϫüͷײ壬㼴ҡͷϾҪִԴ֮ˣԺлᣬٺдҲ١
һܣѵǵıܣ޹
жʱһģЩϫҲ֤ǵǱʶУ˳ϫʵǿ󣬵ȴܻ𾣵Ķˡ
Ͼ𾣿λз֮񾳵ʮĴڣмֱǴ棬Ȼ޺֮⣬һоǿ
ϫľܾüͷһ壬ϵЦ䵭΢΢Щŭˡ
һսܾǻ˵Ͼʱ⣬ڶֱܾɾ̫ˣ
ôϫǿô𾣿ڣЩͳ
ϫüһҡ
ǾǰһսҪɲֹһῴ㣬ڳλֻҲ뷨ˡ𾣵
ϫֶ˵ݶˣѵ㻹Ҫη
ǰǸǿߣóǶͬһӪˣʲô˵ģ
٣ҿλϫǻȻûǵѣĻôͨ飿
޵߿ڣΪ˿ϫ˼
ˣϫҲǱ̼һ˿Щһﻹǲ֪ôԼԸ˺һֱãɶԷȴǵôߣΪ˴ѹԼ𣿺α
ǾɣϫҲϻӰһһ̾ƽ̨ϣһĺңң𾣡


1661 
ϫɹһԾ̤ƽ̨΢΢һ㶼˷
ˣ
ںֵдˣҲ߿һۡ
ڸӭսˣס
˷׷̾ɻﻰȴһĨֻζϸΪΪϫ
ڴˣ޺ЦЦĿ㾲ƽ̨ϵĳϫϣаǧʧ
һôܲü֪ʱȻҲ߳˾ңһʱȥü
𾣵ΪãͬԳϫ˳סҲ΢΢Щʧ
գȻδ˵ʲôдѾҪʼֻϣ𾣲Ҫֵ̫ˡ
ȻǣȻ֣ˮ֪ʱҲ˳УԶĬעţһʯ
ȤһԳϫʵҲܿأɺټȻ˼

ټƽ̨ϣ𾣺ͳϫңңš
վӭսջظղǾ仰𾣴ǷһĨЦ⡣
ɫһ࣬зһĨ֮ɫϫѣд֮ǰҵһ䣬սֿĪҪǿĻһ˵㣬ɾҵĲˡ
Դ֮У֮Եú̹ɾ
ϫɫȻͷҲģѿɱΪĴӣ»ܵġ
ϫڵƽ̨µĲɫʱһЩѿļһͿ湻ģ
Ҳһŭ⻰ʲô˼ѵԼ˲ֽɫ
ֱǷ
ҿɾͶлϫˣл˵ϾҪִԴ֮أһдڱ㿪ʼɡ𾣴ЦȴǺЦ⡣
Ҳϲսپϫ
ɫһͣвȻŭսپԼһﻹ湻
ϫԣ⡣ޱ飬ѴһĨ˵ɱ֮⡣
ۼԴǽ棬ҩζʮ㣬нԶ˷ܣѱŭһսѲдô򵥣Ȼᾫʷ׳ʣ
ȻˣȴЩǣƳһԱЦ޺ۣ޺ۣǳϫ֧һȥ£ǧʱ˺ǽµжΪ
Ȼ޺۵ͷӦĺʹ졣
Ȼ԰ġ
ϫѣ룡ƽ̨ϣ˸Ķ¹ʤѩɾѣԣӳĵš
롣ϫɫȻž
УٴαƣԭҪԷ֣ԴԼǣԷǲ顣
Ҿ͹ˣ
𾣲ٳɣ͵һЦԣ͵̽һץһĨڶ৵һ˺ʱճϫݺնȥ
һƳʢƺˣһ֣ΧнԶݺһ𣬺Ȼѡ
㽣Ǿ˫
һȻһͶɱС޺зһĨ⣬һսԲ־ˡ
ǲֶ֮ΣСɵزϵġ𽣡ҪһٽϫôȻȻһ𶯲ѡ
ֲøţԭѾ߱˽ֶ֮ΡϫһɲǼ䣬жϳһĿɲ
ҲòϣΪ֮ʮ𾣵ȷӵ԰ıǮ
ţϫɲȽӰһŲʱգŲܹȥ
ҪԷжͣȻѰһʱսپһٽܡ
ߣôǰ׳գ
ϫܣвЦٴ̽һץһĨʢٴκХ
ˡ
ǣڶһ֣Ǻǵһ˲Ϣںһһӱ࣬͵ٴɱϫ
֮ںϵӣ⽣ϫüëӰ˸оյرܿ
ԿɾͲˡ޺üһѵûϳ𽣡Ŀɲ֮
ˡȻпһǺϵ𽣼ΪԵһһǿҽ֮ȫںϡӣַǣ
ֱӾŽҲζž߱˾űĽɱܹ֮һԽ֮ǿնɱ£ݿɽ
ʱѸݶܣΪԽһγɣ·㽫ȫ޿ӣ
ֹ޺ۡȻڳҲϡ𽣡Ŀɲ֮ϫһζܣԶס¶һĨ֮ɫֻҲм
ৣৣৣ
ϫı֣޿֣ڣͷųһһɲ
Щһ֣˴ںϣҲǷǣͻͽԣضɢƣγһ򳡣Ҫټƽ̨֡
ʼգϫһֱܣƲâÿһζоյرܿ
ΧЩ޵߿ýԶ˷ܣϣ𽣾ͽǿһʱһܣ
ԺѸֳϫһѹĿ³
޺۵üëѰ˳ϫ֮󣬳־˵׼
һʲôȻиһĨǣ²͸ϫ˼ȴȥ룡
ˮ򴽣ü䷺һĨײʧ
ˡ
أƽ̨ϲһɿɺƴɲĲһɽ򣬷ɱĹ⣬ȫռ䳹׷
һɲǣʱն綳ᣬ޷
𽣴ﵽʱ۳ľԽ
ˣ޺̾˿Ȼüһ֣ˮҡͷ޵߿쳣۾Ψִ˳ϫĻ档
ϫѣ㻹ζ㣿
һ̵𾣣磬ϷһĨŵ΢Цƿشֵס
ǰһĨҫƥĽͷԣƿɲ˵˼¡
һ̣ҲסһĨ¶ȻѣһϢʵ̫ǿˡ
²ǰ㣬һĨ£ϫ޷ܣ
ֻ˶ǣɫɵȻƽȻûһ˿ŵģͷ·ѷҪ䡣
Ȼϫᡣ
˵ϫ˿ȥ䣬۶ԷǷѾ䣡
䣡
һĿע£һʢҫ۵µĽȻת¡һϫݺɱȥ
סȻ̲סҪֹɴֻ˵һ֣Ȼֹ
޺һ̾ȴһͫԣͬκζ
ˮת뿪һɲǣ۾ȴ綨޷Ųһ
һɲǣ޵ҲһĨĪĺ⣬ͫš
һУΪϫһ赭дĶָΪһһ˿̻Ϣ


1662 ŵ
һĨն֡
ûзκûκҫ˵ƣеֻһƽͨͨƽ档
ɵĿһĨ޺ۡȻˮԶ𶯣ܵһĨļ¶
һ˵Ϣһ̳죬أȴϢ飬ݿ־նɱģ
һֽ
û˵
޵߲δһ㣬ǵĲ̫ͣ޷һĿɲ
ǿһƽͨʱԶסгЦһǭ¿
һ˲ǵĿ̣ɫ͡

һ˵ʵԶһ˲ϫָΪһƽĽټƽ̨ϣȻ뵽һһĳС
ã
пһӿһǿҵĲУɫ䡣
ʶأһݺܶȥ
ৣ
Ѵﵽ۷𽣣Ȼмʽ⿪նϵԵ˲
ⲻײʶûзκεĺͱ飬һУ׼ոһݽ档
޷һĻĹ죬ûײûҫ۱ԣһжԵ˸ɾɱԼ

ڣһ˺Ѳȴƽ̨Ľ򳡣նһѷ졣

¡
һɿֲľ촫Ա飬ϯƽֱ̨ƾ쾪ף˺ҧ˵ĶĤ˵Ļꡣ
һУԶһ˲䣬ƽ̨ϵս֮ǰĹž˿̵ĺңǡһһתһǿҵӾ˺Ϊ֮һϡ
̫ɲˣ
֮ǰ޺ۡȻˮڵһ޵߽ԶΪϫȡı˱սԣԸԼȻԿס𽣵ǿһ
˭Ҳû뵽¾ƾᷢľת
һƽĽҶţһȫѹݿ̬ն𽣣ƽ֮޼᲻ݣ
˶ΪԼۻˡ
֮ԣ׷ռ;֮·޺ƣһâ
һȻ䣬˿̣ǲ֪˵ϫˡ
ˮɳĬԣ˭Ҳûע⵽˫ֲźۼ߬ɿ
޵ߣŴͣӶôܣСô𽣣
ֱһεĶ⣬ջۣԴЩˡ
һ̵ĳϫ䵭Ȼƽɣеһӱøߴһɲζ
𾣿λз֮񾳵ʮĴڣղŶԾУǶóǿ𽣣ϫڶԷǿһ£ƾ赭дһһɱķȫѹսֹǿɲܹݣ
ʲô
ƽ̨̳Դŭ˿̵¹ʤѩͦ㣬ȴдš
УһĨȻղΣռʱܣֱ롣
ϫɫȻδشֻǹ˹֣ˡ
˵ţתƽ̨ʼգһѰС£꣬ž
ɴ˿̣ȴһ˸ȥʵ
д軹ûн뿪أ𾣳ȣӰһ˳ϫǰ
ϫü̧ۿ˿𾣣ĬƬ̣ѣѾˡ
ҰˣҲƲסԼĵľŭеһѣôܰˣҲǻ

ƺڻӦĻأ˺Ȼ𾣵˫š˫ϥ˫ߡ˫硢Լλõ·ȻѣƬ裬¶ڵļ
ϸȥЩ·ĵзԶ类һĨϢ˺¡
ŵٷһЩ˵˫š˫ϥ˫ߡ˫綼ᱻն䣬ǻ֮أǻᱻһٶ
һӣȫţѻȸ
Ŀⶼ𾣣κˣȸղŻҪ𺳣ǡеһֲֿ
Ϊŵ۵ĳ֣֮ǰǺ޲
ҲζţǳϫҪɱ𾣣Է˲ֹŴΣ
⡭
Դ˵һ׻۾ԼЩ¶ļɫͣ׽Ӳ
ˣ
һ̣ʶԼγһͿأ
ԷղŵܣͲηԼϢس֣ЦǣԼʼնûзһ˿쳣ڳ֣ô⡢ôôš
Ȼһǿޱȵܸ߳УоԼɵӣսһʼͱϫ˸ת
㡭㡭ôģɫ粻дһ˿ɳơ
ڿսʱұѹ㣬֮ʧô죬Ϊٿ⡣ϫƽڡ
һֱϫڵƽ̨µĲȴκηŭзɬޱȣΪףԼͳϫͲһεĴڣ̫Զˡ
ϫòԱԼҲһ󷭹ݣǳ鴤һԡ
˼ˣԶסȻӶսϫȴزʵЩҵˡ

һдʹ˽
𾣾һˣʼգһԲԹƣԵúǳĬ
ûȥΪ˺ȴ֮𾣴˿̵оԲˡ
ϫͨһд裬˳׸ı˶Ŀû˭ٸȥɺų
޵ϫĿУٶѴһ˿η
˲ڶЩɣǷͰǧǰĽħͬһˡ
޺ЦųϫкԼ͡
޺۵ˡϫЦЦղһд裬ɲǹҪѿ
ѳ֣֮ؽʩչȥ⡱ڶԷ·һۣȴδ˼ԷѾԷӣϧԷûв
ںȻ棬޺۹֮䣬ĸˡȻһԵˮһ˿˿
޺۶ʱЦֵȻɱҺͳϫѱȣȲõģҿԳϫսԺ͹ұܷϡũԿˡ
ȻЦӯӯǸãӪ˳ϫ֮ڽȡۼԴжУȻȡøơ
Ȼԣȷ١޺ˬʴЦ
ϫȴǱ˿ЩܲˣЦλ˵ˣղֻд裬Ҷѡ
ѽʲôãһ㲻ãǾ̫ǫˣ޺ŭָָϫȻִЦѵ֪ǫҲһֿ
ȻЦѡ
ϫȻ
޵߽һпУнԶΪӣû³ɼͳϫֺùϵ
𾣡һֱںƾƣԵúǳĬƶΧһжٹġ

أֻµһն«ӣɶݵٶȻӿ졣
ڵˣ
޺Ŀһ磬ϲһĨϲɫЦ


1663 Դ
˳޺ĿȥҲһ˷
ն«⣬ǻҝһƬŵçŻҲǽϡҰ
ԶԶأԿһޱȵͨ
ৣ
ն«Ȼֹ
ãòԴ֮Ŵʱδ޺ЦŴ߳ն«
ʱҲǿһƬ֮ĿҰ˷ԶǻҝһƬçŻΨλãһ
Ϊϣǲƣ̦Ҳ֪£¶ɣ
ǱԴ֮ŵڣԴǵçŻУĪ⣬Թ˲֪ǿǰ
޺ڸпһ䣬ǰ߰ɣƲⲻò˶ã˻Ҫˡ
ˣ
ϫü¶˼֮ɫ
˵ԴԴڴ˵һ𣬱һֱػ˵֪ͬҲ˵֪便˶꣬Եޱȡ
ҪԴҪͨ˵Ŀ飬򣬼ִ˵أҲ޹
ããҰݼţܳŻҝçŻԵ쳣ĳźͲ
ɶУݵ˻ç£вһĨȻ
ܿ죬˱ǰ
ۿԵΡϣֻͨͨʯͣȥһļµĲɣϢ
ǰŻΪĿ
һдһּ֣ȴѪнݶɺ⣬͸һ˵ɭζ
ұһдһּ֣׾棬پӿһľϢ
һһֱּӡȲͬŻ֮ϣǲɣϵϢһ
ͷ·ƿţʹͨͬĴţֻһ֮䡣
Ϊرǣǰмλãһϼ̳߲ɣδٳ֮
ɵͨͨļ̨֮ǰ⡰ŻʱȴԵ֮ͬѰ
˿̣ԴǰѾ£ӰǷͬӪڲͬλã˴˻棬ңңţ䰲ȴ͸һɽŵζ
ϫһ޺۵Ĵµִʱʱһ궯
޺ۣ
쿴Ȼ𾣡ˮǣ
Ҳѽˡ
ԽԽˣһ֧˷֮еĵʮһʮʮͶʮһλټ޵ߵԺũұܷǷͥˣ
λСģǧҪ޺ǣԷʵ̫ǿԶܹ⡣
۷׷ףϫǵĿУٽԶ¶һĨɵ;η
ȻǵĿͣ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮϣڳϫȴע⡣
û취İַǷ֮ϵ֪ݶѡ
ͳϫһе޵ǣĿˢˢԶͦţ¶һĨ֮ɫԵúǽԸ
ǵȷɽΪȫܹһӪȷָ
֪ʱȺԶΪϫһ˷ֿһ·޺ƶԴ˼ֱֲ֣ԽȺǰˡ
λãԴ˿޵ǣԶԲࡣ
Ȼ˭ʸռȾλá
ϫȺУźۼش
ڽʱִܹ˵ص޵ĿҪֻ̫࣬ˡ
ϫûмǴӷǳʱǧ޵һ
Ҳζţڽ֮󣬱Ȼһ޵ûִܵçŻС
ͬڽçŻ֮Ҳעһ޵޷ħȻҲû취ͨçŻǵյִ˵ء
ʵһҲܺ⣬˴ǰçŻ޵ߣ󲿷ֶ֪޷ЩһƷۼԴΪǣǸûǰԴ֮ˡ
ΪǺ֪֮ĿҲܼ򵥣çŻѰһЩɹֵĻԵ㹻ˡ
ϫһִçŻ棬һ°ʯ϶Ѱٵ꺱ޱȵҩ
ҲζţֻçŻֲĻԵ㹻Щ޵ߴе
ܹɹִԴǰģȻеĶٮٮߣĴڡ
֮ǰ޵ߣԿϹĶ񾳣һ콾Ĵڡ
ǲɢɳһƬѸԽˣһԴ֮غΪ˶ȡһƷۼԴȻΪɲľˡ
ʱ򣬾Ի᲻ɱطҳͻ
ȻԳϫĿ⿴ȥڳܹ֮ӵģࡣ
ţ
ȻϫײУΪǰλϣһϤٻӰ
һϮȹ޳ɢһԶζȻ硣
ʣԱŵģȻǹұܷɫ멣ɫʯ㣬һһޱȵķâ֮
˲߻һȺ޵ߣǹ°㣬Եۡ
ϫһ̾ջĿ⡣
ԴڷżȻ磬һֱΪӣļϲõķŭȻٵȻƽһֻذ㣬ζʵԾġ
硭顭ȴ顭ˣѴԼǱɡ
ϫһҡͷԺ
ٶȥΪĻƲסٴγȥȥ磬һоΪʲô
Ȼһͳ͸һζٿȻڳ𡪡ȻС㣬û뵽ȻҲˣЩϲ
жʱһѻȸ
Ŀⶼ˳ǰһϣ̬ɢŨܳɢһտ˼£һĨаȵϢ
ͷһͷȼȸ˫
ˣǷ֮λеũһλԵϵһͷǺպ
ҲֻũڣҲŻﵽЧһ˲˵ע⡣
䵱˿ũ˵Ȼʱ˲𶯡
ȻǿҲǵйڸµľˣ֪޵߽ǵĶ
СŮӺεºܣũ˹һЩܳˡȻЩ⣬㼴쿪ڣϪˮö
Ǿ绪˽Զ۾һ޵ε¶һĨĽ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ҵΪˣֺα˿
ũаȿϷһĨЦݣƶȻȻһжұ֤˳ʼԴеĵۼԴֻҪӦũĵ£Ҳһ
˶ʱȻ˭û뵽ũڴ˿̵ô˵棬Ȼ롣
Ѳ룬Ժʾûʲô


1664 
ֽ֮࣬סۡ
ũֱ̫ˣΪ׷ȻԸΪȥƷۼԴмŮˣܵõȴࣿ
ҲֻȻȾˣܻʾˡ
һЩŮӼˣЩȻܹõũһ仰ΪūΪֻͣ¶ԥӦˡ
ϧȻǲܵġ
ΪԼϣݡλۼ˵ΪԶԶԶȻ
Ҳкܲϫһˣ˿̽ԶЩãũʲô˼ǵǵ˰δ̫
Ȼ뿪ˣߵӪ͵ʧȥһİʧ̫ˡ
ǣЩ޵߰ĽȻѾãũ˻ֱ͸ᵶᰮûʲô
ũһ仰ɵӰдҲԿƺε֮ǿ
޺üЩãղδ˵ʲôԷȻȻ£ʶҲö˵ʲô
𾣴ǳ鴤һ£̲סƳһԱߵȻƵῪڴӦˡ
ʱȻȴǺȻϫϫѣ˵ҪӦ𣿡
ϫһֱԹۣΪо¶ȫԼûаϵ̸ʲôпˡ
ȻȻʱѯԼʱͿЦҿûʲô飬ȻɱΪˡ
Ȼ׷ʵҴһȥũһأӦӦ
ϫü²ðɣ
ҲôΪȻЦЦұġ
ϫʱסҵģûиκν鰡
˵Ľֻڵʯ֮䣬δע⵽
ֻ޺ƲʲôȻ˿ϫƵЦЦ
ͬȻһҲע⵽üͷźۼ壬ɫЩ
ǸҪĶԼȥȡũֵĺˣлʱȻһЦ촽ίܾ
ⲢϣõȷĴʱ޺۵аһ
ڴˣϫǲÿɷȻʲôҲӰ쵽ֻ֣ɲϣȻԼĽôġ
Ȼ޺ۺ𾣽ԶЩˣֻǰΪͣЩ
ȻܾũǵŭЦȻ֪͵ľһ㣬ģȽԴ֮أֻҪκҶԹˡ
ԣһĽҲȻȾȴˣˣ붼롣
ȻЦЦٶԡ
Ŀӯӯ˿ԱߵĳϫԷһȻģƶΧһжĮһסҧҧӨĺ촽⴫㿴ҶѾܾһͻᣬȽԴ֮غɲܼҲǡ
ϫʱһŮ˽쾿ôˣ
ôˣ㲻ӦȻһգһգģԣֻѪͷѿڴӦˡ
ɳϫȴ̾ϢȻڿûʲô鿪Ц
Ȼͷ֪Դ㿴λƺЩ
˵ţĿƳһԶ硣
ϫһŮ˺Ĺ۲Ȼһ΢ĩϸڶע⵽
ϲĹȻ
Ȼ벻Ҫ¡ϫɫһӿһ˿Īķꡣ
ȻЦЦѾˡ㲻ٶԡ
ڳϫȻ̸ʱȻûע⵽һ𾣿ĿУһĨ張֮ɫ

ڳϫһ˵ִ֮ٴ½½ʮ޵ߣֱѻϺ
Դ֮žʲôʱڴȴһʱ䣬⾿Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡
ˣ㣬˾֮ڱ֣ٵȵȡ
˵ˣҲ֪Ƿ紫ǰǿ󡣡
ñȥ˵ʵ峤˵Դ˵ʱ˱һֱѲ֪ж£֪˶ٷ꣬ɰȻԵ֪ʵжɲ⡣
˴ǰʱгһٶҲܵˣ³ɾ֮
ʱƣٳٲ˳֣ڳһ޵߽Զ̲ס
˳ֺǱѡһڵĿ顣Ȼ޺ԶԴǰŻϫ˴
˷׷׵ͷκηԡ
Ϊ޺ۼȻŵѡֿ飬Ȼг׼
ΨϫЩ棬ߵȻУĪǻʲôɣ
ȻƳһۣˣ
ϫһʱ˵Ǹղй飬ЦεôСǼô
Ȼ££һ˿Цͺã˵ӻͦ˵ģղſʵŵˡ
ϫ̾Ϣô˵֪ŵˣǰҵƤɣλũӱһˡ
û뵽ҲῪЦȻݸƵغ˳ϫһۣɫһ˵ŻߵĿ顭
Ȼ˵֮ڣһʮǧĵ·֮ϣɱ֮ʬ
ЩʬʵºͶε൱Ⲣص㣬صЩʬĿӴɱ֮Ϣݡ
޵ڽܿʱΨƾʵһ·ͨ顣
һУͬһʮǧ·;һ·ȴҪ޵ԼȥѰ١
вκζ֣ȴɱʱշ籩Ѳ㡢иֻҡǲɱһߴһѰٲΨһһ·ᱻ̭֣
϶ԣţţ䲻ͬճ̶ȴǲѶãǧ
ô˵ǽܿʱҪɱ֮ʬˣ
˽һУϫжʱһݣ⿼˵Ѳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣һŲᱻ̭֣޷뵽ŵС
Щ˵ʵֻҪСһЩŲ̫ѡȻЦ
ϫ˵ͷҲǲп
ΪһԵǧ޵ĸԸ񺣣뵽çŻУۣȺԽħԼǱçŻǵһ飬֪ҪһԵǺε֮ѡ
޵֮·Եǡưǧɣڡ
ˡ
ڴʱһĲԴǰɢһɲǼ䣬ȫΪ֮һĿⶼˢˢͬһط
һͨͨĹʯ̨ڡ͡Ż֮䡣
ڴ˿̨̣ȻһĨõĹ⣬𽥹ճһϥӰ


1665 
̨⣬޹󣬹ճһϥӰģ
һλߣһʵĺɫۣޱȣɵӣƹֽ޽ͷڷƮ
ʵ̫ˣǼ޽ǵķң͸ųºۼһĲɣϢ
һȴǺڵķҫ۵ǳꡢƽžܿܡ
δʲôϢͨͨһĺˣɵ˵Ŀȥȴûһɾη
һ޾µķᱮ𺳡
ˣ
һɲǼ䣬˶ԼͬϳԷݣûκλɡ
ΪϥǼ̨ϣΪܵĲϲɣϢõ֤
ûٿڣĿⶼϣһ̵գԵׯ
˵ĿⰲһɶµǺ͵̫ǰ飬Ըһ֣㿪˵ضأҪԴ֮أǱ㿪ʼпɡ
ɳƶͳԶƣƻصߣ쳹ÿ˶ϡ
ԣ˽ԶһĿȻһĨڴ֮ɫ
˼ˣϸɱĴǲһĨ廳УѼĿ⣬ÿһοп
ǰҾ͵һܿˡȻλǰũЦڣһɰϢ
ԭϵСޣֲáоǲɣ֮ɫͷҪѡֿ飿
ũһݣû뵽һӾͱʶݣԭɫָָһţ
ȥɣһʱ䡣
˻˻֣˵һǰһӡһѪɫֵŻٿȻڰ˸
£ũһˣת˲̤뵽Уʧ
ˡ
Ż¹رգһи
ѿ˭Ը֮飿˻ڡ
Ī⣬ɱţǴ඼Ըѡš
Ͼ֮У˵ӵɱ֮ʬɺôκβȷɱֻŬɱˡ
СɮԸһԡ˳֮ʣһƽ
һϮ°ɫɮ£̤âЬֳֿľȵķʥԽڶ
ɫһ񾲡ƽͣһɼ֮һ޵ߵζ
˾ϣԶ¶Ȼ֮ɫԷǷ֮λеߵĴڣѡĸŻԶԵȻ
Ȼϫаƾֱ֪ҵ;ϣȻηһ֮ˡ
ľִ֦ҷ豣ʷ𡭡ǣ벻ʱô꣬ʥӲһ;ˣѳƵϲס
˿˿ϣһĨȻָžֵȥɣһʱ䡣
˫ֺʮҾƮȻ뵽һȡУʧ
˾ĵȴɣ׼һЩʱܹûʲôġĿһɨˣ㼴۾뵽˳˯
ˣŻнп飬Ҫ룬ֻܵũһ˺ϴг
˵ũڶʱ˳ͨ飿
Ȼһ㡣
ⲻǷϻƲ⣬һյ蹦򣬱㹻ˡ
Ǻǣһյ裿δ̫СũӵˣҸȷ֮ڣũӱȻ˳أ
˵ʥأ
ϣ֮һأ֮񾳵֮λȻҲˡ
Ⱥ۷׷ףڴũһ˺ϾҪʱܹءû˻Ϊλᱻ̭ˡ
һУϫȴû˼עôʱ䣬ĥ֮ؽ
ľΪɱ䣬ﵽһ֮ͬԽĽҲٴͻƣ˽ʾһ졣
ǽ֮ɱ֮ȴȫͬ磬ǲͬն
֮ǰն«жʱϫ֮׵شݿ֮ͬ𾣵ǿһڽΪϵͻơ
Ҳóϫʶˡ֮ؽΪԼսץÿһ˿ɹõʱ䣬ȥĥ֮ؽ
ףû뵽ȻҲִˣ⵹Щ⡣Ȼһڶ𣬾˳˼еĳϫ
̧ۿȥͿ֪ʱĹұܷ򣬴Լߡ
˿̣ұܷԴȻؿųϫһԵ۾ű𴦣ɫɣȴһĲɵĸо
ڸͬ޵߽ԶԴȵųϫ޺ۡҲ⣬ƶû뵽ұܷ֮Ϻպϵóϫˡ
Щ죬ΧͶĿҲ̫࣬óϫʱüͷһ壬ɫõĮܼܷӣҲ⡣
һ仰Χ˶ʱһ˿ţԵζԶסѵһﻹ͹ұܷг
޺¶˼֮ɫ
Ȼȴüһ˿ұܷߵ磬ֿ˿ϫԼµЩʲô
ȴЩֻǷһĨ޵Ļȡ
ˣԶɫ졣
Ǻǡ
ұܷЦЦȻס򣬵ѣȰûٴ⣬ģҿɲϴǰŹˡ
ȻȴһԵ֮ɫ
ʼգһԵһֱĬԣû취ɫпκһ˿
ұܷĻ˽ԶȻ
ûɣǼһȻ͹ұܷŮˣ
Ǽһ˭ѵ֪ұܷǺôֱɫ찡
ǹұܷ˸ҸŮˡǺǣҿɲô˵ˡ
޺ۡ𾣵ҲһЩųϫɳ顣
һ̣ϫһмЦڮ١
ɫɳţֻǾһ۳ĬԵ磬һ̾ĿŲڹұܷϣǰΪ˾ң
ұܷһЦһָ߸ϵ̬ҡͷᣬҿɲġ
˵ţĿ˳ϫԱߵȻǷһĨȻЦݣȻС㣬ܷһ˵
ٲȻһ˳ϫģ
ΧʱһЦϫĿһСƵģϷʡ
ϫ죬ĬгһĨɱұܷϴڷһǹһ𣬵Լ
Ȼϫԭ򣬵ЩѾȫҪ
ȻоıһֻסϱٲȻö˼ûա
ϫһЩȻؿһȻȴԷתͷˮӯӯԼ顣
Ҫʲô
Ϊʲôǰɲ
ȳϫӦұܷüڣһƳһȻͳϫסƣͫȻһ¡
ѵû
ȻҲұܷһֻۣųϫһҪѽ


1666 ʱǨ
Ҫѽ
һ仰ȻöһŴĿ˵˵Ȼ˵ĽΧ˽Զͣ㲻Լ䡣
ǣޣˮӵž绪ˣ˿֮̾棬˵Ļֱø˶
Ȼ˭
ǿǵаĽ֮ľˣǻ˫λз֮񾳵ʮĴڣ
ũﶼͣ¶ļԸΪȡһƷۼԴգǱܾˡ
ڣȻ֮棬һԵ˱¶ļڳβ𾪣
˾˭
Ȼôһˣ

Ǹ
ڳ޵ߵĶҪ޲ðѳϫ̻ˡ
ҲۼޱȣСӺ޸ȻȻһ֦֮
һЩŮ޵߽Զ棬ȻũܾܾȴԭǿˣǺηʥƾʲô²Ȼķģ
һʱ֮䣬ΪȻһ仰涼Ҫըɼε֮
޺һϫҲϫȻʶãɵһĻʱɽסһ
Ȼǿ߹ұܷϫΪ˰ϫȸδ̫˰ɣ
٣֮Ǵȥֱڵһ
𾣣ȻųϫƣһˮģʱеĶʻֱҪѹƲסɫ
ǵģͬĽȻ˸ԵһμϫȻʱбһһ·֮ԹԺ͵ӳϫԴڴˡ
񣬿ԼĽŮӶһʶõļһˣ֪кε֮ŭޡ
Σʱǲ𾣣Ҳ޺ǣΧЩ޵ߡ
ǹұܷ򡢳ϫȻüһ硣

ڿȻסϫ֣һȻĽ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬹ұܷû𾪣ֻǸоܻơ
ʶȻܾˣȻȻڶ׷Уûǰϫ
ԣ仰ʱ̾ΪȻֻóϫΪڣΪľǾܾԼˡ
Ȼ㲻Ըһ˵ֱӸ˵αλѵأұܷ򴽽ǺЦǰһвδκӰ졣
ôȻһ̾ųϫԴԹҧҧӣ㿴Ƕǡ
͸һ˿Թñطڸɷ
ڳ˺ȻȻ¶Թģһӿס
һԵ𾣼޵ݶҧ顣
ļһȻﶼ˵ȷݶˣȻһ㷴ӦûУֱǸǧа
˿̵ĳϫ˳ʼ𾪡Ȼ֮󣬴˿̵нʣ˿Ц
ȻԼȻûκŮĹϵȷȻôһǰԼڶҪұܷѿһ棬ҲԴܾұܷ롣
£ϫԲΪȻǿԼˡ
ȻȻԸϷҿϫҲֵȥϣԣŲûгڷϡ
ԣһֱĬţĬűȻǣ֣ĬȻˮءϷ
ֱ˿̣Ȼ仰ϵֱۣ̽סȻϸỬ֫
ȻϫԼָȻϵļʱ߽ײؽһ£˳˳ϫͷֽӲһ¡
вԺЦϷСС۰ɣ
ʵϫһ㣬ȻݣƾʲôΪҪôϧ﹫ұܷ
һ˵ȻݡΪΪʲôҪһʶõļһϷ
ϷԺô˿ɲΪһϷˣ
ϫ֣ȻϣһϲԴģʱұܷɫڳ
ǵûԴȻ񣬿ɴûкκһǹ
˼ˣͷԭҲΪɣɵһĻʱ
Ǻǣұܷһ⣬˳ϫһۣתȥ
ǺܷЩ졣Ȼ
ȷǡϫ
ȴǺκһ˿ˣΪʼգһֱĬһ鶼Įġ
ұܷ뿪Ҳ֮˭Ҳû뵽ұܷвŪļһǱĵļһȻȻһ䣬ΪȻΪֹΨһһ׿ڳϵˡ
ϰ
̾Ϣ
һֱ̫ɶˣӵȻȾˣܷӵŮ飬Ŀ
˷߷߲ƽ
ҵСӣӮȻķģҲ޺ˡ
Ҳ۲ѡ
ΪһЩ˼ǣһЩŮĿһУǶԳϫǿҵȤ
޺۵Ҳӣû뵽һС粨֮󣬷óϫռȻĪˣֱ
ܱۣθ룬һ̵ĳϫջסȻ֣Σζлˡ
㡭ΪϷ𣿡ȻԹһ˿ʧ䡣
ϫʱһŮ˸òϷ̫˰ɣ
ͿȻһЦһĨ֮ɫ
ϫˣʱҡͷȻӴԽ֣࣬Էӵ֮绪ȴĥʱׯ羲Ÿ߹ʱ龫֣ϲʱԹˮֱǧ򻯡
ֱ治ĸ
ϫȻɫ
ϫʱüͷһһҪʲô
ȻҲЦݣָ˹߳浾ʡ
ںǽʱΪûἰ͹ұܷ֮仹ìܣ𾣳ڣһĨʵζ
˻һһ˵ĿԶ
ƺ˽飬ûҪһһɣϫĿУһϴʧܺѵģ
ҪһӪģǽԴ֮غΪһЩͻǣô죿ͱˡ
˵Ҫô죿ϫʡ
𾣶ʱס죬ȴǲ֪λشѵҪѳϫ߳Ӫǿ϶У޺ۡȻǶӦˡ
Ͼ²Ը⣬ҲòϣϫսǿӪԷӳҪá
˵ˣּΪģߵͬΪһӪǣһЩ˽˶ԹԼȥҵȿûȥæ
ϫЦȻʲô𣿡
ϫһβģֱ޵ȴ޿κΣֻܷ߷ߵ˳ϫһۣŤͷ뿪һԸͳϫΪģ
ͽʱǨ˷ǡ
ϫ֤ԼʵѳΪӪĺһԱҪ鷳Ҳǰǰˡ


1667 ֱ
ڳϫ͹ұܷ֮һС粨Ļ룬Ҳηߺ޼ʣһڳ˽Զǳϫ֡
Ӻ
ˡ
ӡѪ조ֵŻɢһƲš
Ҳڴʱϥڹϼ̳ϵƴӳ˯ǶԱɣ
һڣԼࡣ
˶ʱ䶯ȷϣũһڰӵʱڣ˳еĿ顣
ߣ
޺׼׵һĻʱѴųϫһҪ֮顣
ɳϵǣ˱Ǹ죬ǰһִ
ǹұܷͬһˣΪ˼ʱܿ飬ûиλ˴кһڡ
޺ۼˣʱҡͷ̾Ϣֻܵһλˡ
ȴЩޣҲû취Ѿ
ˡ
ڴʱԱߵҲǲһ첨΢΢һжϳʥҲ˳ͨ飡
Ȼ̨ϥŵٴοڣһ
һʱЩԥ
ϫѴѡŵĿ飬Բʱıˡ
ܿһվӳȥ
λļᣬӦû˸Һˡ޺ĿһɨܣЦſڡ
˵ͷҲףڳ֮г˳ͨũʥ֮⣬Ӫܹһ˿⡣
˸ôҲԷһЩɫȻ鷢ĻС
Ͼڳ֮пûһ޴֮޺һ³жء
κ󣬺Ȼһ첨дڳ˽Զô죿
ǾͿ߰˵Ӱ͵رж˳˵һء
Щ޵ߣɫԶһĨ¶֮ɫʲôɲһ㡣
̭֡
ƽڣҲǼ̨ȻͷųһɻɬçϢ˲ϢЩ֡

ǰǰ飬ҵԸһԣٸһᣡ
Щ޵߼ˣʱĵش
ɽһ˲䣬ǾͱŲߣƾʧΨڿ¡¡صš
ڳ޵߼ˣԶȻ裬̭֮ǱᱻŲƳçŻ棬޷̤һ
գûɱó࣬Щѹ֡
γĬһ㣬һ̿ʼûȥѡŵĿ顣
ûãһдһ첨Һãβ޵̭߱
Ҳζţұܷһ˳ͨ飬ִԴ֮ء
һ˿ڡ
£޺Ѵųϫȥ޵Ҳ֪û취Ǿǲ˳
ɾڴʱ̨ϵƲʲôȻһ
£һȻرգִ޺۵˾֮⡣
˶ʱȻǷ˺£
ǰǺ⣿޺üڡ
ϫȻ𾣡ˮҲɻ󲻽⡣
ûлشǱɣУû֮ǰİƽһ˵󣬸һĿֲѹڳ˶Ǻһϣɫ΢䡣
ָоֱһλѹç㣬Ĳ
һɲ޺۵Ҳһݣܵһֳѹʲô
ѵҪֹǽԴ֮أ
һƬУ˵Ŀ޺ۡȻ𾣵һһɨ
գ˳ϫϡ
һɲǣ˷ĿȻһĨޱȵĹ⣬۾һʹ
Щȴֲе𾪣ΪԼжϳһУƺһжΪǸϫ
޺۵ҲһɲһΪϫ𣿿Ϊʲô
û֪
ĿӵĳϫǸеһɼϢѹ֮һвȻϼһҪʲô
ҺãһɲǼ䣬ĿеĹʣ±óֻ꣬ȴһĨ֮ɫ
Сһɳƿڣϫ֡
ȻΪ
һȷֹ޺һ˽ţΪϫ
ѵһⲻɣ
޺۹ӣȻ¿ˣ˵ϫ⣬ɺãΪĳ֣Ҳܵǣ޷ʱ֮нп顣
ɫˡ
޵ԣҲһԴϫǵӪһֱһЩ⣬񣬸Ǳֹ⣬޷ܿ飬ԭͶԳϫĴ治ǣеˡ
ĪҪ֮磬ô˵ʧȡȻüƳһۡ
ȿ޺ҲһԿڡ
ߣϫ⣬ǿɾӦٺˣߡ
ԣԼǣ˳ϫͬԽԴ֮ء޵Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ȻзһĨŭ˵ʲôȴ޺ס԰꣬һֱϫ¡

˵ϫĬƬ̧̨̺ǰֵ֪ǰкηԸ
ͬʱо׼һʲô
²͸˵˼ȴò㡣
˲δʲôֻųϫϸţǶɣУ֮ɫԽԽŨʲô飬޸п
Щء
û˿ڣĿⶼˢˢڳϫϣҪ˻Щʲô
գʲôҲûֻǰĿŲƿ޺ϣȻʳϫСһЩͬ飿
£𾣱̲סеսгһ֣ͱһԵ޺ֹ죡
һ̵޺ۣȻЦݣɫһ˵ƣһٲҶԡ
𾣸޵ԭҲҪڣɵ޺ģʱʱҲ
ϫһĻ׽Уȴʲôֻͷ
˿˿ϫֿ˿Զһ𾣣ޱȵϺطһĨЦ⣬ζ
գδԴ˵ʲôֻǻֵǲؽпˣȥɡ
ǰʱнԶһ𣬾޺ۡȻжס鴤һ¡
ɵʱһִס㶼ԼĶ䡣
ÿ飬㿼Դ֮أ
ֹˣϫס
䡭
Ȼ֮䣬̨󷽣Ż֮λãٴθֳһŻӨӨ󣬺ء
нԶһ𣬸ûеŻѵоǿ˳ִԴ֮صͨ
ٲߣһŻ㽫رˡ˿Щĳϫһ䡣
һ£˳ȷţ˵һжģȻóϫһ˲ؽп飬˳ִԴ֮أ
ôô
ĿһУ𾣼ֱ˺ݺݳһζ⣬˶ˡ


1668 Դ֮
߷ߵֱ޲ط
̫ˣ
ǰһ̣ųϫΣӺһˣ㲻ϳϫͬ顣
һ̣һ˷ΪϫĹϵ˲ͨԴ֮صʸ
Աȣֱ͸ǰ˳һǸожˡ
Щᡣ
֮ǰǰԴʱƳϫȴһѹ׶һΡ
񣬵ô棬ֱݺݴһΣԵ֮Ӷ
Ϊʲô
ѵһԼĿǲɣ

ľҷϫý˼ˣ˵Ѻԥͷ֣лǰȫ
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ȻԵϾʹ˴ʧˣ
ȥɡ
ƲԸٶ˵˻֡
һţޱȵĿע£ϫ޺۵һ뵽ǵŻ֮С
ȻҲˣֻӰȴԵЩ
ܿ죬ϫһ˵ıӰʧ
뿪ǿڡŻ֮ĵŻҲʧ
ĿһУ˶ŻǷˡ
ڡ֮ӡ
ųϫ뿪һ̾˼һӷƻصǰп겻ѡ
ǰƾʲôԲͨ飬Դ֮أ˼ʵ۾죬߷߲ƽ
ǰƾʲô
ҲǷӦ׷׽ĿǼ̨ϵˡ
ƻȻֱһУĮ
һɶδ̫һЩ
ǰΪʲôǲԣ֮ǰ߷߲ƽλ޵ٴοڣѴһĨʡ
Ϊʲô̧Ȼ˿ˣЩ£ǲҪɵġ
ǲӲŲӴ
뿪ɡ赭дڣһ̣һɻɬçϢӼ̨˲ϢסˣͲ˲Ϣߣʧ
һжĿ֮£Χ޵нԶһٲҶԴκɡ
ͬǰǰλݲޱȵˣǻ£ˣ
ҲʶǰçŻʱΪеĳҲܵλˡ
ΪԷȫκɣ㽫ȥ

ãã񷣬ء
ǻķϵĺۼɽšѵĲԫ̮ܵʯ񡢰߲ʯ桭
ȥƬؼ䣬һƬ鲼棬Ҳ֪£Ų׳Ϣ
Ժ׾ʹЩпѵʬǡԼŰƬ
ء
ڴߣƬԵռš˻񰡣ƻصǰçʱڡ
򣬳çĹİǿǿ߸еļ¡
çŻ档
޵Դ֮أ

ղһӰɳС
Դ֮ع֮çʱĳԴر׷׳֣ڴս˲֪ٵͨǰЩ棬ǵɡ
ţǻеǵһȺǿoϢĹȣ񼣻Իͣվ괵ȥǽ塣
ȷԴ֮ر񺣡ħҪհٱһЩ񾳵Ĺλصġ
һ·ϣ޺۷ɿԼ˽⵽Ϣһһ֮ˡ
ϫüһ񾳵ĹʵЩˡ
Ҳ¶һĨأжһٮٮߣ𣬿ȴڣԵú
λǲصģЩԶڴ˵oлۼʵ޷֣ӲԷ
Ȼ쿪ڣжʱ˿ҲҴˣϾ߲λ˿ɶûﵽȲΡ
ЩԴֲַϫȻʵ
˽ԶϫĿдһĨӣֱʱҲ޷ףλΪλ˸߿ϫΪϫȥһˡ
ҲóϫĿе
ûٸɳϫ𾣣γش֮˶óĬӽԴ֮غ󣬱㲻˵һ仰
ʼԴһ֮Ż֣һƷۼԴڳʼԴС
޺Цſڣһ顣
ԭԴ֮УֲġԴƷµĵֲЩֲԴ֮زͬġԴ֮С
ЩԴȴһΪĴڡʼԴ
çŻ翪γɵһԴӴѲ֪£ޱȡ
Թ⴦ʼԴÿһ£ᵮһƷۼԴ˲֪жپž֮ǰΪһԵ֡
ɼˣҲ˵ʼԴԵüΪء
ԣ޵ߵִԴ֮غֻȥȣǡʼԴԼ
Һã˵޷жϳʼԴλãͨľ飬޵ܹƶϳʼԴֵĴʱ䡣
޺֮˽⣬Ҳųָ㣬޵ϣ˵֪ʼԴֵʱ䣬ֻʼԴʲôˡ
ǵϴĵ̣ЩӴʱ̫ԶˣյϢȻܹ⡣
ǰʱ仹㣬ôʱ䣬ǿԴ֮ѰһЩƷĵ
޺Цſڽ飬Ȱ޵ȥȡԴһжʱɵһЭ顣
˶ԴȻˡ
粻ͬȥһƷۼԴ̸Դ֮ҲԳƵһƬԵ
ﲻֹƷԴƷƷȿԴϹһǧ򾳣УǾ޷ģ
ȻһƷƷԴԣƷƷȻҲΪϡ
ϫһ˵޵УԶĿ궨ƷϵԴϣٲƷҲǿá
ϫ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮλĿ꣬˰ƷԼһƷۼԴϡ
βͬʵܹͬ׷ĻԵҲһˡ
ûãԶĵطһͨĴɫ֣ʱ˳ϫһ˵ע⡣
ǽɫ죬صĴɫԣԵҫޱȣԶԶţһĻϢ
һƷԴ
޺۾һЦǵǲȻһƷԴ
ҲܣƣƷԴϹпҲǺĺܡ
ڵУҲֻЩޱȵĶУӵܹƷԴ֮ˡ
Ʒ
ϫȴЩ棬޺ͨʲô취жϳǰһԴƷȼģ


1669 
̸֮ʣһԴ
һƬ̮ϿȣϿʯ߲һɫǴʯӿ
ڣһƵ֮
Щ֮͸֮ɫԷǷֻһƣΪ翣޵߶𿴲ۣһ֮ѹһʮɽ
Դǵ֮򣬶ԴС
䣡
ȻϿһƬ𶯱飬ٿȻһͷڣ㡢ͷһ֧ǵ
𡭡
ͷϢ죬һ˻˷ƣضɫ䡣
ǺǣƷԴֻһͷޡ޺۲ϲ
˵ʱһͷһ̤ʱգɱͷһ֧طһԹȦں䣬ǡ
ϣ־ܣ
޺Цϵһ̽һץһͭìУһɨ
¡
ìӿŰʱնΪ
صһһΪԵֹһںڹȦһ֮£Ӳһͷҵ÷ǣѪɣҽжûü
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޺ì֣ڵ˭ҪһƷԴԼȥȡ
ʼգһѰ飬Ե쳣
һս˵ãǿ˲ֹһ㡣ϫ˼
һУ޺ۡȻʵ൱ҪԴ֮Ϊ͸ģˮΪ͵һλħǿߣսԲСˡ
Щ޵һɣֻһƷǵǿۣĴϣΪѰٵõĵʶЩɡ
Լõķԭ򣬵һӵԴ֮󣬾͸ֵˣ򣬳ǴҶԻһ֮󣬻ϣõڶλᣬǵȻҪС̫ˡ
ңʱҲֻ¸á
ʵ˼⣬Դ֮ؾͽֻһֻ»ԥȥ
ڣɹѡĻ̫࣬о뷨һģ϶ҪһƷ׸ߣڽΣԼҲȷ
ԣǲŻԥء
գ߳һˣл޺۹һƷȡɡ
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ӷĪԼˣȥȡɡ޺ȻһЦͶԷѡ
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ӷ˿ѡԵúܱأȴǡ
ৣ
һɲӷϿȣأ֮ǰ
һСʩչֶνʯ飬ʱ¶һĨҫ۳ʢޱȵĴɫţһִɫС̫Ƶġ
һɲϫ̲סϸȥͷһμԴǺ治ѡ
̹ԼĪȭͷСѤޱȣΧֻ񴿾ϢʥǷ
Գϫ˲ע⵽˵ǵ˵һ̺һɰ֮ӣֻҪһƬ˲ɳΪ
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ˡ
ӷһۣӿһɳɫϼƥһ̹ŹЮװ뵽׼õһС
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Դڳʱ㲻޸Ƽӵ˽
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ɫΣӲʢ˵֮󡣡
ͬһƷԴʵҲ֣֮·ͨϳˡΣһƷԴɫ̣͸֮ѳƵƷļˡ
һУϫŻȻףһƷۼԴȻǳֳɫˡ

Ϊӷӣ޵нԶȲѣԽжڴĦȭơ
ʧǣһȥûѰٵһԴòжһ˿⣬ЩĽӷ򵱳ѡˡ
Һãʱ仹ԣǵǲ׽
ڴˣ޺ȼ֮Ҳûж˵ʲôΪԽԽԴ֮صĺĵشܹѰٵҲ֮ࡣ
Ψһ鷳ڣʱĻ޵ߵĿҲȻ࣬ⲻ˻Ħ
Уϫһֱ˼һ£Ǿǹ˶ԴԼ̬ȡ
Ϊʲôȥˣһ˰ȻִԴ֮أ
ѵԼϿʲôɣ
ǳһֱܣóϫһкͺͼƬȾѪн˵Ĵϵһ
ͼƬӳֳġ桱ָּçŻ档
çŻȾѪн䣬ԼԵɺ֮£˵ĴУӶˡԭʼľ֮͡ؽԼսҲͻͽ
ңڻûִԴ֮ʱбֳһ˿Ӧ֪ʲôںԼ
Դ֮أλڵжϳ
ԣ˺ȻΪԼȥһ֮󣬳ϫʱ͸о̬ȵı仯ֻ¾ͺЩйˡ
ϫжϵǣΪͼƬΪȾѪнĴУ
һ·ϣ˼⣬ȴٳ޷õһȷĴ𰸡
ǡƷԴأһڳ˼ĳϫ
̧ۿȥͼԶĵзһɫֱͻͺ嫡
Դ
Щ޵ߵĺôأĿⷢԼĳռ
ǿĹ屦ֻƷ߳һƷףĺôȴ֮
޺ۡȻ˶Щȣһ˵δ̫˰ɡ
ȼԴҲĶѡ
ûκγɣһ˳һɫӵХȥ
һƬɽһɫǴӿ
ϫһ˵ִɽе龰ʱʱ˽һˮеϣ˷ܲɡ
ɽУһͷѪӴޣԸȥãⷽԲǧ֮أսĺۼ
ϫǻף֮ǰȵִˣ
һ޵߲ģ嵽ɫǰϸѰȴһɫһ
һǿһԴ˷߿Ϊġ
޵ҲʧѣƲ֡
бҪıһжˡ޺ۺȻڣ


1670 Ĳ
ıԣ
˽ԶһЩ⡣
޺۽͵һ˳һֻѰһĿ꣬ǷֿжʱڣλԶһԴ
ĶȴĻͻɢΣҲ֮Ҳбס
޺ƿйǣЦλصǣֿжȴáޱϵ˭ΣգҵȱԵһʱǰ֧Ԯ
˵ţһһӨ͸ҶƵıǸֳ
ޱڵеһֺ䣬ϣ¼ģ˴ҲԵһʱԷϢ
޺۽ޱָϫȻ𾣡ˮһһԼһ
Ȼ˵ԴӣѰٶȡԴһգҲԼֵǰ֧ԮҪȫࡣ
޺׼˳֣еĹǶʱɢ٣û˷顣
ڣǿʼ飬˸Դ켸λΣ޺ĿһɨˣЦ˵
ϫȻˮȻû
һе޵ߣȥλ⣬ʮ޵ߡ
ܿ죬Ѿϡ
޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮԴλ޵ߣϫ޵ߡ
⵹չ˳ϫЩ޵ߣ֮ǰԳϫһֱΪӺų⣬ϫѾ˳ϫλֵĳϫģڸһжʱһԷˣǿɾͲˡ
ǴˣԳϫؽ۽磬ĻЩ˼ƽˡ
¾ٲϲǣΪ˴룬ϫҲɶѵľٶˡ
ɺȻЩ޵߿ɲôģԸ޺һҲԸͳϫΪˡ
ڷϫͬ飬һնԵϣҲΪܺͳϫһжû취жһûˣֻĲ鲻Ըظڳϫߡ
һӷ˵ӷѾһƷԴҲĳϫѡ
ֶϣ޺Цλҵи飬龺һһ֧ܻõĵƷ׸ߣΣ
飬Щ޵߽Զ۾һǾ޺
鲻ϫ߿ֻˣһѻһƷ˱ƴڽжпЩԿ
ȻǳǳһЦڡ
ȻȻ㿴㴦άϫѣѵĿɣ
޺۴Ц٩һ䡣
Ȼ̾˿仨⣬ˮ顣
ϫЦʼ粻֪ڿЦҲû档
һһֱĬһﲻĬˣμޣҲֻԼ
޵ߣҲֻۼʵķݶˣ֪һֵ٩˭ʸȻһ
޺۵ȻɱˣлᣬǸԿɲֹܻһԴЩ屦ԼãȥҲǼõġ
ȻԳŮһ㺣ȻúͿźۼִȤ˳ϫһ䡣
޺ýסЦ
ϫȴε̾˿æˣͳɡ
Ҳ֪ʱȣûٵ飬֧飬ֱ𳯲ͬɳ۶ȥ


ʱղϫӳǰŲƣߣնӷˡ
ѡ
ϫһֱ˼һ޵ĺʲôҲŬ֪ͼѰٳһصĺȴһ
Σǰнվġ
ৣৣৣ
ʱƣǰ𽥿ʼһݹ⣬ʱ˸գ۾ʧ
óϫһݣЩݹֻ¾ǽԴ֮ص޵ˡ
Ҳ˵ֹѰԴ޵ͬҲѰ٣ҲζţεľͶԿѿʼң
λߣжУֻ»ϲˡϫɿ
ϫѷġӷѻһԴټϼʶ˳ϫһǿֶΣԲʱѡȥԿִϫ
նŶһδԡ
УȴЩƣΪ֮ǰжУһֱһ𣬴ųϫʵĳϫˡ
һôӴŤͷˣԲһˣ
նаݡ
ϫԼܸоն˼ҡͷЩԵӵܣʵԶͬɴȴ۸ڶҪӣԽиǿĹ֣ʵȤĺܡ
ȻԭڣԼѩīʵٸߣȴǿ
ͺñеһ۱˱ǿҲǼΪ˵ġ
鲼ϱڲԫĴɼǻеһ֧oȺܾ֮أȴΪսʹΪꡣ
ϣʱܹѵʬƬ߲ѱʴòӣ
ԽԽ࣬ؼĲϢҲŨ
һ
ϫȻ㣬ԶУԶ֮أһҫ۵Ļɫ
ƷԴ֮ء
ϫӰһնӷ˼ӿٶȣ˲ϢŲƵִ
һƬ̲Ϳ֮أѸɺԡѳѷ죬˿һҫۻɫѷг
нôã˿ٴѰٵһԴնȴ޶ϲá
ֻƷδ̫˵㡭ʧڣӷܻһƷɲΪԼӷˡ
ϫüһһƷϹУƵϡ𣬸ЩҲȴȻնеĴƷ
նѲ⣿ϫʵ
е㲻⣬ϫѣܲһԺ·ܹƷʸõģնڣ
նôƺЩװɣϫѿûЩӷһԿڣΪնŭ˳ϫӶ۵Լ
ϫУջЦҲãȴһء
ն۾һܵ˵
ҿԸӷһλѡλᣬ⣬ǱԼȥȡˡҲܷ㡣ϫĿһɨˣڡ
ãնԥӦԤĿɻҪһЩܲӦˡ
лϫѡӷ΢΢һ湰лû뵽ϫҲԼȿɹѡĻˡ
ϫЦЦλҪע⣬ֻܰһȡһ
֮ǣһ·ջԴǿɾûʲôݶˡ
նпһеĸ˲ɣǿЦƺЩװɣǿһӵģջĵȻҪ֣һЩӷѣ˵԰ɣ
˵ţԵӷ
ӷȴǿҲһۣϫͷӦõġ
նʱɫ粻


1671 Χ
ӷ֪㣬𿴳ϫ˵ɣҪѰٸĵô׵飿
ԴɲǴײˣĿժȡ
ټϴ˴νԴ֮ص޵ڶֻ࣬ũܾȡԴˡ
ԣӷҲû룬ʹӦ˳ϫ
лЩмϫλȡԴĻᣬѸı˶ԳϫеĿ
ߵնӷᡣ
ϫһ粻նϵЦ𽥱䵭ͬ⣬ǾǰһƷȥ޺ǰɡ
նԣһŭΪϫڹԼʹ˦ȥȴвʡ
գǷȻҴӦȽǳʼԴȡƷۼʱϫҲָܰ϶æ
ϫЦЦôԷģɴûԷܰԼʲôæˡ
£ӰһѿһƬ̲Ϳ֮ء

ϣһԴͬпߣϫһ֣̲Ϳ֮صʱձһ󲨶һƼУֳֳꪵʬ
ʬȥo磬˫ͫҰһƬŰ֮ɫ
䣡
һ֣̤նһɶꪹЮɱգݺնɱϫ

ϫһӣ磬¡һӲʬû飬ĩʧһ֮Եֵ
һĻնӷ򴽽Ƕһ鴤ʬϢǿʢȶǿߣҲԲһ˿񣬾Ǳϫ֮䣬ҷ
кεȿɲΪܰ쵽һ

ϫ̽һץһʢҫ۵ĹŴһɫɳٿȻ뵽˳ϫС
ȻһƷԴ
ϫʩչһƷӡſ̽ڣ
նӷ˿һϫɲʹ˷ˣԺóȥˣǶһһƷܷӳá
ǡ
ϫ뿪Ȼüͷһ壬ԨУâէ֡
ôˣ
նӷһɫҲ΢΢һ䡣
ΪһɲǣǷܵһǿޱȵϢ˷Χ£
ǵ·
ѵҪɱ˶ᱦնŭ
ϫƳһۣȴһ̾һﵢʱ䣬ֻ뿪ˣĻ飿
СһЩһҵģĪҪжϫһ㽫Ŀܡ
ܿ죬ʮӰƾոܣϫΧ
Ϊ׵꣬һ˫üѩףһѪ磬һؼ䣬ֳѪɫ£ޱȡ
ұһһۣɫ׾üһɫ࣬յգʢ
ϫһʱˣΪǺȻҲ޵ߣϢǿʢɴҲնӷ൱޷Գϫв
Ѫ𣡡
ҽϽ
նӷ򼸺ͬʱɳ¶֮ɫٴУ˶
ԭǡϫУǺηʥˡ
𣬷֮񾳵ʮʮǿһ֣ʮȻԲһ֡
ǽڷ֮λеڶʮȲǰ𣬿ʵͬСϾ˿Ѱ֮
οǶ߻һ޵ߣЩϾˡ
ϫûǴ𣬻ǽڵԴ֮ʱԶڹұܷߡ
仰˵ԭһӪġ
֮Ժ͹ұֿܷжȻҲǺͳϫһ˴ͬ⡣
ѣնԵϣ֪ǰ˵أǺ⣿
նЦſڣѪ֮Ҳвϵûʲô飬ɱϾԶԵ򣬱˴˱йԴ̽һ£ܷһ档
ϣնǺǣֵܣָܹʹϵˣɾȲˡ
ɫƤЦⲻЦڣֱӽնĻɫò
һԵĽҲЦڣ˵һͰһƷҵȾԲΪһ֡
𣬻ǽߵһ޵ߣԶһԶϫ˵ģͱˡ
գһʱɱޱȡ
һԵĳϫȴǺȻЦˣһԵն˵㿴ΪĴƷȴλᣬڻҪ𣿡
նһòһϫⶼʲôʱˣ㻹鿪Ц
Ʒ
˻˶Уȴһ裬ɫ١
һΣǾǽǲ俪ڣ絶
նһĿϫԥҪͰѵǰɣʱ仹ԣԺлᡣ
Ȼ⻰ЩңʱΪ˱ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
Ͼǿͽ
ֻеһˣնԳϫͣԿ԰ǻΪġ
ǵλһʱնɾԲΪϫܹԷԿˡ
ϫУӷ͸Ӳˡ
ˣʲô˵óڰ
ϫбģǾƲһʣĽأԽأͳͳȥˣ
Ǹе˰
ϫնɿӷ򣺡һҴˡ
ӷ˵ͷ
ϫˣٳɣһ佫ĿɨͽȻڣ϶ദһĨɱ֮
ϫ㡭Ҫʲô֪ôҲܵǣۣ
նˣʱŵɫ䣬ҪֹϫȴһԵӷסնˣϫлޱǴ򲻹ǣҲɲηˣ
նɬҡͷ޺ǽӵϢĿü

ǺǣһΪǸСû뵽һﻹͦйЦڡ
˺ôЦ
ԴǰЩ˴ȻںͳϫʾһĻ
ʱҲΪʣȾѻᣬԲݺʰԷһΡ
Ȼ֪СӲҰԼУǾ͸ˡ
Ҳ˵ǱʶأͲΪϫжˡ
ֹ𣬰ڵ޵ߣҲԳϫܲΪȻǲм
ؼڣϫԣָûгڷ֮ǰУ
֮ϹȨİ񵥣
ԲԴ˲ɣ͸һĴΪϫʵ޷ǶԿ
ǿɲ֪𾣾ΪӹȴϫӰ񶼹ڻѻ
ôϻȥǿɾͲˡϫȻڣ죬ƻȻûܵĳͲм


1672 һԶ
һ仰׼ŭһˡ
˶ΪȻСȣ޷ˣӹ£
һ޵͵شһӰƾճһƱ㳯ϫɱ¡
λ̬ȻȣǲԵϣοա
¡
һư򵭽ɫԱ䣬һͷʱնƺˡ
׳գ
һ£ԳϫгɼնסһͣҲϫҫ
ӷͬҡͷЦѡ
˵ķӦ˽Զһ
ǾͿȥĿ죬Ҳ죬ϫֻһ䣬ӿһӲɳȥ˲ҽڵ棬ڱѪ鴤Ƶġ
𡢽˽Զͫһ𶯣û뵽οվ˲һ
Ҫ֪οһУҲ϶۷ε񾳴ڣѰ֡
ȴһѹأ˲
ζţǳϫս̫Ȼȫοտɱȣ
׳աϫҲסҡͷÿοһۡ
磬޵߻ֵһϣһСӾжǿ
ಣ
Щ޵ԼĪʮԵվ˷ϫơ
ɫɱأתȫΪһ⣬˼䣬졣
οյĽѵٲ֮ǰǰӳϫ
ԸһǱɫ񱦣ʩչ
¡¡
¡¡
ңʢʱգɽӣһƬΪұ֮ء
ܹһɹؼ𡢲ɲħŭѪɷǺˡ
һڶ񾳵ƣ磬һǳؾγˡ
һĻȷɲնӷɫ䣬Ϊ֮һϡ
ͽһۣԶͷսκβСӣǿ˹ˡ

һ̵ĳϫɫȻɣΨһȻһĨһƵɱֱҪٻ񷣡
澲ûÿһ缡ȴһƻɬصķģܣ˵ȻǿʢһѲ߮ɽӡ
ģֻˡ
ĿЩ޵ȫɱϫ³֣˫͵һ

ȻҫޱȵĽЩԶһƷܻɣÿһԶ̺һ˿֮ǵһĻֱ콵꣬飬һƬ
һ˲䣬ܵʱգңһ֮ưһȻɢȥ
ءرſգƬһֲִһɲǺȻ
֮ؽ
Ҳǽʵһ쾳ɵĿɲƣ
ڴ˿̣غһɲɵĺ˾ͽԶһͫʧá
ȥȡ
ѱ䱬նɱ˷һ񱦣һĿɲײֱ¶ײضɽҡ
ۡ
һҽЩ޵ߣǱһΪǱʺֱӱ߰˵֫塭һֿܹ
ҽ

ʵŭ
Ѫ֫ϱۡƬҲؼ䡣
ǵһĻֱѪɫ֣Ѫȵ˼¡
գۼ䣬һսʮ޵Ϥն
˵սֻܽɱ
ǳϫ߱
²Щ𶼲ǵ޵ҲԶԶĶ֡

նӷϫǿɲսɿѪޱȵĲһʱɲ𺳡
û뵽ǰʳһ͵ļһɱ
ͬҲһμϫȻɱˣǿҳֱﵽԸӵĵز
Ǻ𾣶սɶûѪȣ˺ˣΪд裬⡭ս
һǰ϶ǴʬɽѪĥ³ɱǣնһ뵽֮ǰǰƺ͵ִϫоһ󷢺²ѡ

ͽɫˮ
ʱڣɴ£ֻʣˣԼ˲οգ
һж̫죬ǶЩţֻһ̽ѣȴû룬ʮ
˿̣ҲȷԼȷСԶСӣԭΪԷδڷ֮ǰһУ㲻Ϊ塣
µʵȴɸһƹǳѹԷ֮ȨԲһ˿ɡ
ΪǸȷСʵ֮񾳰񵥣ǼֱǸЦ
ȻʲôϵһΡһɫñ֮һһٵҲûܾȵ㣡
䣡
ͷųһѪ£Բ͸ͷѪ⣬񷶼Ⱦ죬ޱȡ
ϣ
ϫһУûκγɣնɱȥ
ΪһѪϢܲѰһһпȻͬ磬ɲޱȡ
ء
âƺƵһѪӲһǡ
أһ౼ϮһĨҫۻ⣬շٻϫ
ǽ֣ƿһ񱦣֣һ鱦ܹܻסɽ󺣣ܣԵޱȡ
ৣ
ϫӰһһһһĨն飬ϼɽ
ߣͼһ࣬ٴɱ
һʱ֮䣬ϫʱλл߼սһţӵս񷣬ⷽԲʮ֮ضΪսֱɱذɳʯ޹⡣
ǵȳɱ̫oսͶ֮䣬֮߱նӷ򿴵ѡ
ĶԾ۷ĶԾƾѰѵһ
ǰһĻǿŽУһλͬʱλϹУҲٷ
䣡
ϣƿػ֣ͷ棬ڣٻ죬һ
绯֮

ܿ죬ϫһնһƬն飬ѹһգǽĵ˳ʮѪһ󷭹
һʵ֮ǰʮ֮ˣŭҴ⡣
ûãϫҲˣԭڣһѪʵڹ죬񱦣Ƶɣұ˴ңӦһʱҲ˸СĿ
ߣ
ϫɫ䣬ױŭŲһ̤գͻͷ⣬Ȼɱһɱ˫Ľ
ɱУ
ɻȿһĽٴɱ

ϫ͵ָһչĸֳһ֮ȣڳ罣⣬ݺѹȥ
¡һֻоʮɽײϣͷ㱻飬ǿѪݺݵɳȥ
Ҳһϫ类ǻһȼգѪٻ¶һƬɭɭ׹ǣ


1673 ѹ
ϫˣѪٻ׹ɭȻ
ȴƻȻ˽֮󣬺ֽͣɱȥ
أ
ڳϫɱɲĽ£һѪڱñ飬ܷɣҽһ˫ͫʳѪǺˡ
Ҳ縺˵ĴۣȡòƣǳϫͲǳϫˡ
ۼսʤһɲܻǳϫ֡
ڵ޺۶̹ԣܹͳϫԿģҲֻڷ֮ǰʮĴڣûϫԿ
ǽԶԶ޷Ტۣһлϫֻѱϫɱ֪ٴˡ
㾿˭
ʹŭû뵽ƾԼսǺֵ£Ȼκβһǰû˵ˡ
ϫԣɫĮȻɱʱ̫ȣ̫ţݲ˷Ѱʱ䡣
ৣ
ִ绯ʣһɱ£˭̬
һ˲䣬Ѻϰٻغϣֻصһƾ죬ٴαɣǻƣƿѪ졣
ǽʱִһҪ
ˣ
״ħ˭Ѫһ֮λеʮĵĴڣԹȴˡ
ΪǣԷ֮ǰԣǷ֮ϵ
䣡
սУ־𶯣Ƿɽƿأһ̣ҲǱһѹٴθˣѪĿҡ
ˣ𡢽˽Զˣ
ĿһĻնӷ򾪵°Ͷϣ˶
̫ǿˣ
֮ǰǻǲѣնͲóϫһƷ
˭룬λּлϫǵ·磬ɱķشԷǰӢˣֱ޿ƥУ
ԭΪޱ޺Ȼˡնૣ𺳵Ըӡ
Ƕ͹ֻȻС棬ϳĲӷҲǾ̾ѡ

սһֱڳ
ϫĹʼûͣһΣٲȻһϾɱģ
ͽ֮Ķ־֣ܳ޷ֵϫķâѹòϸˣҪݡ
䣡
Ƭ̺ٴαɣͷ֪Ѷٸ
ͬʱϫһȥ۵һնһۣѪ䣬Ⱦ͸񷡣
ʹҽУһ̣ڸе֣֪ƾԼ֣Ҳǰ֮֡
Է̫ǿǰ㽣Ŀֱֲ񲻿սʤ
ӮˣȻӮˡնʧǡ
ʲôӷݺݵһۣѵ㻹ϫ䲻ɣ
ǡĸҡնʱͣȴЩ״ΣʵǱסˡ
ӷ򱾴˵ʲôȻԶԾϫòɱ˶Էɣǿһɱֻ»᳹׵Ǳ
նҲһȻѣ˵Ǿϵ漰Ȳεĸ콾һԿʱԶԷһΪľǱŭǱ
ϫɱͽֻ»ѪϺҽϵŭɣʱϹֻ֮¶޳ϫ֮ء

һ̵ĳϫͷ׹һȾȴǿơ
ɲں˭ԷҪɱԲˣҴɴδη˭ˡ
̫Ͻ̣
Ҫʲôѵ㻹ҪϾɱ
ųϫǾŭǿ־壬һֱ̫ˣǴðһ̥
ŵŭϫôϵ¶ûܾȵ㣡
ϫԣɲԵκĴˣԷвǶá
ϫ׼׽ⳡսʱȻһУңңԶһۡ
ջĿ⣬Դͼƴͽһ̾תȥ
ߣ
һ̣һͷˮնӷʩչŲ֮ٿȻʧԭء
һȻˡأЩţ췢ģȷղųϫѶ˱ɱ֮ģ
Ϊַˣ
ߣҾ֪ûҧԼĶϱۣϾԹ֮ɫ
ҡͷɲû
Ϊʲôü

ڴʱʱһ󲨶ӳֳһԼĪʮˣΪ׵ģȻǹұܷ
ǳ֣ͽһۣԶĬףϫΪ뿪ˡ
죡
﾿ʲô
֣֣ᡭģ
⾿˭ɵģ
ұܷһĿֳһƬѪȴ֮أԶסȻһɫ䡣
ô
׿ȻĹұܷɫĿ
Щѽˣ˴νԴ֮غ󣬱·ѰԴ˭룬߾Ⱦʣֹʮ޵ߣͽҲˣùұܷҲŭѡ
пɬջǰѸղŷһкгκ
һ̣ѹ˲ʲôˣΪҰܳģҲѶˡ
ϫ
һнԶһʱ˽Զкݺһ׿ԣǶ㲻ˡ
һǱסȻȵǸСʵǿ
ȻܹһΪη֮ϻû֣
ϫұܷüԺвԾֳһӰ૵ѵԼˣ
Ȼûע⵽һֱĬ磬һкһҲǷһĨʣʧ
ȷ
ҧڣȻԸϣò˵һս̫ˣҺ֣κβҹ֮ʵ֮еǰʮˣ
ǰʮ
һǲ֪ðļһȻô
Ǻǣôһ˵ҷЩˡұܷкâܡ
һ̣һָ侲ɿҸطһΪһѰٵԴȡڳʼԴǰǵƽԶܹϡ
˽Զͷ
ڳϫСӡԺһҸһԣжˣ
ұܷ򿪿ڣĿƳһԵ磬ȴһ޶Եģסüҡͷѡ

Դ֮һƬɽ

ʱһ󲨶ӳֳϫնӷǵӰ
ұܷ򡭡ϫ̾˿
пܣھͺ޲ɱԷһŮ۵Уֿ̽ʵˡ
ϧʱ죬Ϊ˵İΣ룬һȥô
Ҹطһټжϫҡҡͷٶ룬֮޸ƣָ


1674 Զ
ϫ飬նӷԶͷӦûκεĵִ
ǳϫֻ֣գϾǿɲ𣬼㱻ɱˣҲٷˡ
ټϳϫһսչֳĿֲսЩݳϫˣ£ڳϫƴӡ
ϫûô࣬һɽȻնӷԼ㿪ʼ
һս˵ȡʤͬļΪ˵һ͵زֲܼ
ԭڣ֮ؽʩչֹĴҶҲļ

ϫһʼǱ޸
ڣ籡Ϣ糱ˮ㣬ϳӯųϫĴ
ͬʱ֮УͯģӤϥ˫ֽӡʼתԭʼľӨ͸֮Եʥׯϡ
ܿ죬ϫεĸС

ԭϫһչжȴ룬һȻʱţȥ죬ûļ
նӷ򲻽ЩǣΪϫһսܵ˲Сơ
һֱȥһڳʼԴֺ޷ѹǺðնЩǡ
ӷȴЦû뵽㾹ķ֣ʼϫˣɺĺܡ
նŭֱ֮ˣҳϣһֱϫѣ;֪𣿡
ӷЦȻС˵⣬пҲû뵽ڵ֮ĵطȻܹϫȻ죬ˣ˳ϲ۰
նΪȻЩӵܣ˵ݲΪҲɱ֮ϫǲ̫Զˣ˵Ϊ˵ãϣżΪѰľȻѪȷĥ£ԱǡǺǣսǿۼս飬ԶԶϫѡ
ӷǺЦû뵽Լ֪ͦģǿͿ֮
ն۾һɣ˵ʲôȻɽдһŲʱϲüңˣ
λˡɽ߳ǳϫ
˿̵ϢȻ䣬žͶ֮䣬ӯӯ֮һ˿εԲζ
ȻľУΪٴ˾
ʵҲȷˣһսóϫ棬Ϊڿһ߲࣬񾳵Բز
𿴽ֻһ߲࣬ȴϫսӵһ֡Բȱ֮
ϫ̫ˡ
նӷæ֣˵ϫ죬ǻһ£ǶκԹˡ
ϫҲ˶ԴԼʱ̬Ѿĳ΢ı仯ЦЦߣǼȥѰԴ
£ûٵ飬̳

֮ǰΪһһƷԴһսóϫǽԶʶԴ֮صľ֮пᡣ
⻹ֻһƷƷƷڰƷԴ治ֻᷢεȲпľɱˡ
£ϫǽԶС࣬նӷһ·ϱǰԵøӽ

Ҳ֪ǲˣڴ˴γ֮󲻾ãǱѰٵһ̤Դ
ԴйһɫȻһƷԴ
һΣȳϫѯʣնɿϫѣҾˣҪһƷ
ϫ˵ͷҲãȥȡɡ
ն±˹ȥ
Уϫȴ˼ôȥѰٵһƷϵԴ
ϾǳʼԴֻһƷۼȴڶ࣬һ᲻ǿɾ͵ڰæһ
ԣǰΪԼ׼һƷײ׵ĵҲǵ֮
ǳϫΪҪŮ۵УȥֹұܷжԼܹһƷۼϣֻ²̫ˡ
ϫüǣԴ֮ؼΪҵθӣֲڶԴҲ£޹ؿѭҲ޷жϳƷϵĵһԴˡ
Ҳֻˡ
գϫһ̾òϣƷƷȺԴȷӦˡ仰
նغ󣬳ϫǱ̳ûκε顣

ʮʱ䡣
ǴԴ֮أһƬƬãã棬·;ϵҲٴμһЩԴ
ϧǣЩԴƷ׽ԶûгƷģҴ඼ѱ˾ȡߡ
ճϫҲǿֻٴλһƷһƷ
ƺɣΪϫǿٴκһЩ޵߿սӲɱһѪ·
ǳϫս㹻ǿ󣬱˵ˣնӷʹȥˡ
һ·ϣͬҲĿ˷޵ϵսɱǵ龰Ѫȡҡ
ٶ֮ͳɥУȻ
ڴˣϫȴԤϾԵԽ󣬷վԽҪãвĵ
ֻЩԳܣЩȴ޷ܣ
һ졣
ϫٴηһƷԴͬʱҲ޵߷˴˵ء
߰˸޵ߣϫˣǾϳһɫ䡣
ãߣ
û뵽һ
ô£ΪʲôҪӣ
׳գǼһǳϫɱ˲֪ˣ𡢽֣ҰУʱӣѵ㻹Ҫȥɣ
Ȼ
һ£Щ޵ܵţɢɿ챼ӶȥûҶƬʱ䡣
óϫһԳЦû뵽ԭѾôˡ
նӷҲԶ죬бһĨпĳϫͨһһսԼƺٲǵǼʱǸĬĬ֮
ʱ˭ٸ˵ϫǱסȻĴȳģǱɡ
㾪ֻȻ֣ܻǳģ
ڴˣϫǿüԼõĿɲֹһһɱ¾µĳޣ
˳һԴеƷȡ֮󣬳ϫӵƷƷ
һ޵ߴޱȵľջ񣬿ɶԳϫԣȴЩʧ
ΪĿƷϵԴԴȤˡ
֣ѾнôãһҲûƷϵԴϫü
նӷһۣҲΣͬЩû취ʲôæ
ˡ
ڴʱϫȻüͷһķѶһޱֻ˿̵ޱӨӨ⣬һɾҲ
һսɱʹдлһŭ
ˮ
ѵΣˣ
նӷʱһ
˿̣ޱеٿȻʧǻһ׹⣬ȥ
Ǹϣ
ϫϣնӷʩչŲ֮׷ޱķȥ
ˮǵȳĬ֮ΣգῪˡ


1675 Ǭ
һƬԫѻķ档
ˮԡѪɫ԰׼͸ôأ񲻶ķ䡣
һλǿߣλз֮񾳵ڶʮһ
ȴ䵽ҵزɼ˺εȲпսǿߣֻѱɱ֪ٴˡ
ǿţ֧Ų˶á
ǿߣҲɱģֻҪǵÿһѪեɣÿһͷ촷ۣɱɡ
ȻҪ쵽һȻѺѡ
ˮ˿֮Իԭ
˿̣üƣ˥֮ɫɫɼ㣬Ϊ󣬻޵ߡ
ǰһڵˣ
ЩʮΪ׵һɫ٬ɫŮӣϵһĨ֬ĺ꣬͸һޱȵϢ
аһѪ졢ҫֻۡһ߳䵶ɺѪĴĿζϷʵؿˮ˵ˮٸ翹ȥ䲻ڱɵΪսʱһɾҪˡ
ᡢ綾ţëȻ
ˮ죬һԲ
꣬еԿԵϣ˸λз֮ʮһΪǿ֮
ˮĿȴδȺ󷽡
Ȼһаȿ꣬Ũںڵĳ磬ǷһĨЦݣ˿ڶŪһֻȼȸ
ˣȻũ
ӦҵԿУǾãܣ޾ʹĥ˵ɲһ
Կ˹˵ѽȰ㻹ǸϽһƷǴҶá
ˮһԲ
޵ȴǻ¶־֮ɫȻҲϵõԿһһﶢסǺԱȽʮ˲ɲ
㻹ϣǣϧҿɲٸˡԿ̾һʧȥġ
ৣ
ĵһѪɫ䵶һתͷųһĹ⣬һ˺ʱգһֲ˼ٶȳˮնȥ
ˮֿȴһңһնϣնһۡ
Ȼ˶ɳȥĵأʹþҲվ
֮ǰѾܼĴˣƾһɼޱȵ־ֻѵ¡
ˣ˿һ֮Ҳǳٱ
ԿһƬƷԴȺȷֵģƷѵҪƣ
ˮϢڣѪĿкӿһĨŭĿѡ
ԼˣΪΪϵĺᣬΪһ𣬵ԿٿҲҶɱ֡
ĵͬ飬ʧȥԼı֮ǣ
ǾˣӵһƷҲǻ
ԿЦţһ޵ȥˮһλᣬ㾿ǲִԲλɾҪΪˡ
һ
һ̣޵ŵɫͲˣסĿˮһĨ
ˮٴϢһҧԿҪҵ

ԿЦģֻȻһѪɫ䵶ңңָ޵ߡ
磬Ҫɣ
޵еķ߶Ҫǿɲʹȥ֪ˮڵ޺ǰ֧Ԯһһأ
ˮǼɫҲ粻ڵԿҪʱһҧãҸ㣡
һһ٣ƴм̺޾ŭ⡣
ԿȻЦЦ̾ϢϧӦһ
˵ţĿɨ޵ߣѪĴ³һ֣
ৣ
Ѫɫ䵶ƿգٿȻƲȥ
㡭ɣˮŭ˿Ҫ
һɲǣ޵Ҳһ䣬ӿһĨľףԿʼնûŹǡ
֮ǰ˵ǣȫһɺԣ׽Ūǣ
İ
ǷŭǿһʹԴУϧ
һжţ
ȻǻһͫţȻһĨȻƾո֣Ӳڰ;סһѪɫ䵶߶ײԡ
Ѫɫ䵶ǱһҲѡ
ǣ
һɲ޵߲㶼ΪΣ˶ǣš
ڡˡˮһ£ȾѪĴǳһĨӲĻȣЦ
ԿҲ΢΢⣬һüëЦһƿѪɫ䵶ٴγ޵ɱȥ
ҲһɲǣһεӰȻ޵֮ǰǺȻǳϫ
أ
нһתὭʱգЮһɰ֮Ѫɫ䵶ɳȥ
ף
ԿЩȣ۾ȻЦˣǸϫɡ
Կһ޵ߣ˿Ҳ¶һĨȤ֮ɫκνţһյȻģ
ڴˣڵԿϫÿһۣŤͷ˿ϵˮޱȵʱסüзһĨ
ѣ㾲ˣｻˡϫɿ촫
ҪСģũһѹֻҪŵ޺۹һŤתơˮһ
ϫ˵ͷȻҲע⵽Ⱥ󷽵ũӸһִĴעũϡ
ʱ޵ҲӴѣǳϫʱԶס˿ȴֽŵΪϫֻһˣ桭ɲֹԿһ
֮Ͼޱȡ
Ҳֻϣ޺ۡȻǶܼʱִˡ
ɺȻԿ鷢
ϫһԼģһЦ˶Ĥ
ܺãҵҪܹͽֵļһжˣ
Կ·ɣȻθߣڷѪ⣬ֱ죬һѪ񣬳Ѫɫ䵶һ¡
ৣ
һƴնʬɽѪϴͷųɱ֮ԵףƬһɲǼ仯ļµѪɫ
һ̫ɲǿ˲ֹһ
¡¡
ʱձ飬ȫâѹֱնϫ
ĻɫҲҽϫ磬Ũںڳһʾ
Ҳһ赭дĽ籡ɬͨɸһ֣ƬضͣͣʱΪ֮ᣡ
ţ
ԶһֱڶŪͷȸũƲʲô̧ͷһٿȻ
¡
͵âһ𣬼ֱʮɽײĺ
Ѫɫ䵶ȻҲɳȥǲгϫһĨ
Կ˸ǷһУصһбɣӰ޷Ƶĵʮɡ
ֹɫȻһףһҡΣ̲ס۵һһѪ
ȫʱһ𺳡


1676 Ȼֹ
һ
㽫λз֮񾳵ʮĵԿһɣĿѪ
һĻڳ
һƺȶսʱǿࡣˮ۾о̾ѡ
Խ˽ϫԽǷʵֱɲ⣬Ƹûмһ㣬ܸ;ϲ

̫ǿˣ
ԿҲ޷赲һ
Կ޵߽ԶȻѣһʱ֮䣬ϫĿⶼˣ¡ɵš
û뵽Ȼһλ̤ռ;ˣȤԺϹɾȤˡԶũ˼ĴǷһĨȣаޱȡ
ЩԿ˿ȴŭһδܵ˺ȴʶԶǳϫս붼ԼսжǿҲ޷ȷ
ͺȻЦ˹õѪգֱƿԶĳϫĿȴһĨȷζþûָоˣ˷ܰ
ᣬȴһĨ˵ķζһŤ̬ĸо
ϫɫȻ˼ɴԶũϣڵԿвࡣ
˵ԿǿũԿɵвСܶࡣ
֮ǰһ֣ͶȫһٽԿܣΪľչֳԼʵԴ峡ˡ
ͬʱҲΪ˸ũʶҪʱԸǣḶĴۡ
Ҫġ
ũ˲ͬλз֮Ĵڣ˵أϫҲеѹ
ټˮ˴Ҫͬ飬Ⱦ£ϫֻԱ
ϫɣһҿɲСˣܻңҵͷұ֤Ҳ鷳
ˡ
ԿɺѪĴǣƼΪ˷ܣ䵶ĲѪ磬Ⱦ죡
˿̵վȼգ۽ȣƱ֮ղǿ࣬ԶԶһֱһӵѪ߳oǡ
һҪˣ
Կ˻һ£ǿ֪ԿһǼֱǸħͷɱ˲գۣĶֱŰɱ
Сģһǵķӣɱ鱩Űǵ˶ɱ
ϣˮԴĴóϫУɫҲ
ϫȳ֣죬Ȳˣ
ԿЦζʮ㣬һͷڷȻѪ֮ɫԵ죬Ѫħ
УһѪɫ䵶ǸһƬѪɫа׹ۡԩޡбʥ̾Եú֮
Ȼܹӵɲһ񵶣ҲһĪ鱦
һĻΧһ׹ߡ
Ƿᡣ
ϫǷһĨĻȣнһתңңָԶĵԿ
һϸ΢һȻ嫵Ľ󺣰ӳϫ
纣Ԩ䣬ֱһƬ֮磬ÿһնһ˿˿µϢ
µһĻƿԿڵһƬأѪɫȾѪ񺿡
ϫڵƬأǡƽ֮磬ʱաߡһһľһʯԶɱ
ϫͺñ֮ףƾ졣
λͷųɣδ֣Ŀֲȫ
Ҳֻдﵽȸ߶ȣ龰
һ˲䣬ɱһƬϫ͵Կңңţš
ۼ֮ҪһԾɾؼʱ̣һٿȻ쳹ȫˣԿǸˡ
һ仰ȴ֮еɱ֮嵭١
ȻſԶũˡ
⣬û뵽ǳҪԿ뿪Ϊʲô
Կߵһ޵ߣҲһͷˮ
ϫУһԭ
ȱ𼱣һսˡ
ԿüЩ꣬˵ʱ͵һ̤Ѫ͵չ˹
ȷˡȻؼũ̾ϢӰٿȻڳУ˵ԿǰһѪǰ
ûж֣ôһͷһħõԿĹȻֹ
㡭ԿУΪʲôҪң
˵ȥĻӲ˵Ρ˵գũ˫ָƮȻԶȥ
ֹһսٵ˿뿪ʼնԵúƽһѰ顣
ԽȴƴԿѹԽԭأɫãշȻһţŤͷߡ
˼ˣԶЩͣ޷ĵСһ仰סˣ
ܿ죬ЩԿǰ޵߾͹˲ٶ룬æ뿪
ϫ´ټ棬һԸ㣬ϣܻŽʼԭأɱʧ
ԶƮũصؼ䣬ֶɢ
ϧҵĶǹܷҪսֻҪŶӵȴˡ
ȻԭصĳϫзһԽӴƵԶԶȥ
һ޵ߣȫһţһֱ̫ȻҪͬʱսұܷũ
˵ũֻŶӵȴܺд裿
һ̣ˮҲסȻ޷ԵĻǴӳϫ˵
ǸȤļһֻҪɱ㣬һֺηԶٴδũ¡¡쳹أһӾͽϫס
һ̣ϫٶԣֻЦЦЦƵᣬƸûвǻеɱ
ɱԼ
ǵÿûôˣ

ũԿһ뿪׽һΣ
Ǳϫ޵ߴ˿һͷˮ²ռżƵũΪʲôҪ뿪
ܿ죬Ǿˡ
ˮҲˡ
Ϊһ̣һӰӸʱճֶǺȻ޺ۡȻ𾣵ˣ
ȻǴ˿̲ŵִһ֣޺۾Цųϫ͵Կ֮ս㲻ǰɣ
ϫʼ磺ΣֲҲ
޺۹ЦһȻҲѧῪЦˡ
ȻҲݸѣϫУһĨڵƾ̾͡
ղŵһУѿУо˳ϫĲͬѰϫũ֮ԵĻжһֱ޵˸о
ϫЦЦֻǲİ˿Ц
һ仰ȴ޺ۺȻԶһů֪ڳϫУѲǵİˣȻİˣȻǺˡ
ڿɲ˵Цʱǻ뿪ɡһԣ俪ڡ
޺ۺȻϫȴϫʼ˵ĲȷǸ뿪
ԣû뵽ϫ˺˵˴֮󣬵ߣףҿɲ顣
˵ţŤͷ뿪ȴڰ;վסŲǡҴƣ


1677 ж
˽ԶһЦˡ
Ǹϫǰӡֻ˸ȾƵĽڰˡ
ϫЦЦҲǿڵȻô˵Ҿˡ
ߵʵϣҲ㣬ںȾƹϣҪСһЩ
һЦ
ʵϸ룬𾣺ͳϫ֮ȷʲôޣ֮ҲһЩСĦѡ
ȻЩСĦ඼ѾΪЩ˲ٿѡǰʱϫǰӣҲΪǡ
Ͼǻͽ֣Ǹղһ˵ԿǸũԣʵѾ֤ϫѰɱˡ
һǰĸֻҪɵͲһֱѡԿȥˡ
һλĽͷҲҪ
óϫ߿һۡ
Σ޺ۣȻһӪ޵ߣǺ⿴һĻġ

Сת˲ܿ죬˱ķˮϡ
ˮ˿վӣһɾ·ɫ԰͸֮⣬˸ղѱپ˴
ħߵǿֻ֮ҪͷڣԺֶָܿιڸ¡
ϵƶʱֻ޷׸ԭ
Ͼ֮ǰں͵ԿĶԾУʵ̫أ޵ߣֻѱɱ֪ٴˡ
˺£޺ۿѯʡ
ˮһǳĬԵԸԣֻǼ˵˾䣺ս
ֹô򵥡
һ޵߼ڣһˮжڸղţˮƴ໤ֻѱԿɱ
ȻҲ˳ϫʱȣһѡ
޵ߵĽܣˮһżȻڴ˷һƬԴȺΪܵǣȻһƬƷԴȺ
ɾǸսƷȡũԿһˣɱأһս
գˮƴಫҲֻסһƷԶߡ
Щ޺۵˵ɫһֱ̫
ǿƷԴ
ǿÿһ궼ޱȣȴũӲ꣬ˮǲ˶β˷ŭ
ߣ¾ԲܾʹˣǼȻôҲ𾣵һ̲סҧȻ˵
Ʒ
޵Ҳ׷׿ڣЩҲһֱѰԴֹĿϡ٣ƷײһﵽƷģ˵ԼӪƷߣвŭŹ֡
ףûл㹻ĵʱ˺ũǶԾ
޺۳ãҡͷһΪʱսƱػӰѰٵжҲΪĿģǳʼԴеľƷۼʱǰսֻµʱᱻûˣϾ˴νԴ֮ص޵ߣɲֹǺũһˡ
˻伫ΪʣҲֻܽܡ
ȷ˿̺ũǿսȻǲޱȣԺŵ˵ܶƷƱҲܾˣʧء
Ľ˭޷ܵġ
ֻҪǻԴ֮УǾлὫ
ϫһԿڣʱ޷𣬿ɵȵǳʼԴ֣Ǻũ֮䣬ƱҲˣʱһг޽Զһ˽ᡣ
˼ϫҲ˵ʱףʱҲֻѡˡ

һ飬ϣٷֳСжôҲǱٷˮ顣
ҪǣʱƣԴ֮е޵ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽңʱҲȷٷͷж
ûٵʱ䣬˵ٴչж
·ϣϫҲ˽⵽֮ǰ޺ۡȻ֧飬Ҳ˲پɱսԶоնȹϧõĵĿȴ޼
նӷõĵĿġ
ʼԴֵʱ仹нʮңֻҪʲô⣬ǵǲĻòԴˣֻƷ׸ߵ͵ˡ

ϫһһƷԴԱ㣬޺ۡȻ𾣵˵ɫԶЩΡ
û취һһյƷԴ
ʱУǵûʲôգһ·̫ƽһһǵ޵ҲҺǶԿ
һ·ȴֻ껹ƷƷһƷûС
ûƷԴɵǷʱЩƷԴ֮صĵѱ˽ȵǡ
µǣһУ˳ϫ޺ۡȻ֮⣬޵߽ԶԻһҪôƷҪôƷҲ⡣
ˮӵһƷ
ֻгϫˣѰƷϵãҲЩ
ۼ֮󣬳ʼԴҪ֣ʱɾûʱȥȡˡ
֮ȥȡʱѾˣ
Ǹ˴νԴ֮ص޵ߣ֮þҲԽԽңѰһ˲ߢԴֱȵ컹ѡЩꡣ
ȻˣһЩɻδ̽ѰҲζǻлᣬǲļˡ޺ЦŰο
ҵȻ֪ɾ͵ĵǵִʱ޵ѽȵˡƵƷĿϡ٣ȥ˵ã
Ȼ治еĻǾȥũ
һ˼ǣȥƷ
Ȼʼôѵ𣿡
һֱĬĳϫ˿̺Ȼڵ뵥ȥѰһ
ԣԶһ
޺۱㿪ڵϫΣա
ϫЦף鷳Ҳô׵ġ
˼ϫѴ⣬㲻ٶȰ
úޱʲôΣգ֪ͨǣмǣһҪڳʼԴǰء޺۶һ䡣
ס
ϫ˵ͷӰһƮȻȥ
ϫһòһȥɱ˶ᱦɣ𾣿Ц
ɲôĳˡȻ˼ҲЩ²͸ϫ˼
ҲϽжɣʱѾ࣬ϣڳʼԴǰǽԶԻһƷ޺һڡ
´ı仯ǽԶһƷɼԴ֮صľε֮Щε𶼸еޱȣ˶Ρ
ৣ
ͬʱϫӰ˸ʱ֮УֱХȥ
Щ죬ųʼԴֵʱԽԽٴθֳһ˿޵ĺ
ֱʱһƺüΪʱʱ̿Уóϫʱסˡ
ȷһƺζʲôգǻԵΪ˰ΣǣŴǱˣѡ˵·


1678 ʬ
һ·򱱣ؼçŻԽԽء
ʼƵһƮؼ䣬ֱԽԽЩçŻѻÿһգУããƺǰ
һϢΪɲ̺һİƣѹ֮꣬С
ǰЩ죬ϫһҲߣȴδ룬ΪçŻ̫Ũķ⡣
ڣϫһƺȴָçŻֵ
ûгɣǰУֻ֮ǰԾ

һɹŨˮçŻ෭УֲָĻɫƺзɶݣԳϫǿֻ֪̽ѰǧﷶΧ
һжԵôž
ϫȴ裬ʱδ֪ζΣգɲҵˡ
һ
Ȼϫ㣬һĨȻ֮ɫ
Уǰǧ֮һǿɬϢȻв޵߾Ҳ뵽
óϫһʱʩչƣϢȫڱͬʱһҲ׽
Ѿʮ֮أȴһϢòǼٵİɣ
ܣ游ԣȷ˴һƷԴ
ߣ㵹˵˵˭һƷ
˵ǣһλҸҶ췢ģ¾Բм٣
ˣѰһһ񣬱ת뿪Ҳ֪ô£Խ룬оԽ}Ļš
Ҳǣܸо̫죬λСһЩвԣǱˡ

̸Ȼֹһ޵ߵϢʧȻչж롣
Ʒϫ˼
ӽԴ֮ص쿪ʼֱգϫ֪Ѱҵ˶ԴҲ˲ѱھߵƷԴȴûзһƷԴ
ʱϫл֣Դ֮ĪǲްƷԴȻˡ
νƷΪƷΪƷΪۣﵽƷεԴۼϡ̶ȣҲȻھƷˡ
˵ĴܹƷԴҲһĪĻԵˡ
뵽⣬ϫȻһǰ˵أһ˿Ӧһɺ֮
żȻŵһϢĪ֮仹һ˿ɣ
ƷԴصĺϫãҲһͷֻҡҡͷٶ롣
ûеʱ䣬ǰɶݶȥ
ȻЩ޵߽ԣûãϫҲǷһ˿޵ļ¶ͷããƵçŻУݷһЩɲɱڵԼȥ
ϣ
һȻϫУ磬ɫѴһĨɱ
ǰУûãϫȻһУҲڴʱһҽԶԶãã
ã
ʬ
ӣ
ҽȻֹһһļžУԵùޱȣзë
ϫɫѱЩأᵽ˿дһ˿ѪϢ
ʬ
ڽԴ֮ǰҲţԴ֮ķΣյĵʬ
ֹʬǰڴ˵oлȡ˲֪ٵçŻʵǿߡ
Ȼǿ񣬶񾳴ڣֹ֮ʬѰ񾳴ڶҪǿѾ߱񾳵ƣ
Դ֮صЩʱ䣬׿Щ޵ߵľɱ̸ϫҲֹһգЩմ󶼷ÿһԴ
ݷÿһԴޡʬҪȡеĵͲɱҪɱЩޡʬ
ЩսԶǿȻܺʬȡ
ããпܴʬ֪кε֮ա
һ̣ϫҴ⣬жϳЩҽе޵ǣֻѾȫˡ
һԣԴ֮ÿ֮ԴƶϣζһƬпܴŰƷԴ
ϫƬ̣ջǴǰһ̽
Ƭ̺
ϫٴ㣬ǰһ߾ʬеıʺеıԴе˺ɲ飬ޱȡ
Ѫʣ͸أЩʬԸãʬдһº֮
ϵȴѲɣóϫɫز٣ζʲôζЩʬ߱һǻۣѶѹΪã
Ψһϫҵģڳв޷һ𣬻֮Щɱ޵ߣʵ𣬻һЩ롣
ڴˣǳϫԶ˵ŤͷߣտҲȥġ
һɱ޵ߣҿƣͷʬһ֡
ϫĬĬţϧƾһĻ޷֪Щʬʵǿ˺εȵز
ţ
ϫ͵һһĨǿҵΣУʶأתƣȻ뿪˴˵ء

ʱһ󲨶ӳֳһߴӰŲͭףݲҰ׽Ӳ˫ͫѪɭ֮
һ֣һɻʵʰܻΪһɫȦתܡ
ԶԶȥ˷ˣƹǹһʬĽʬޱȡ
ƷʲôĿһɨܣȴһʺзһĦ˶Ĥ
գӰһȻʧ
ʬˣϢȻǿޱȣ֮ǰн໤ͱⶫˡ
κ󣬳ϫӰֶ⼤䣬ղһֱһϢشжϳʬϢȫ
ھжǿֻнֲ֪ܵˡ
ĬĬ˼ãϫּö䱦ͭǮָУŽżչж
ΪнƵԵʣıЩʬټӶ˶ԷԼ͵ϮĿܡ
ϫɲҴˣԴ֮ش͸ŹŹ֣νǲɱҲò񾭡
Ȼϫϣڽ·;ϣֹһεزЩʬټǻǵжһȺƮãã֮УϢΪΣؼçŻΪһ壬ϸϣԲ
﾿ʲôΪʲô˶ʬ
ֱϫҲƵӿһɻо̫ͬѰ
һյ蹦ȥ
ȻԶŨŨУԼһĨҫ⣬磬Ե쳣Ŀ
ǡ
ϫкݺһ𣬰ƷԴ
Ʒڰ׳ȻϾ⣬ƷԴУӿɫԹ
ûƶϴǼԶĵطȻһƷԴɣ
ৣ
ȳϫüܣȻһĨɭϢʱգٿȻӱݺɱ
ϫһУн糤۾һ㣬ٿȻתƵǺӣصһһֵԱ


1679 ˮ
һ񽣣һֻ԰׽ӲУȻĿԡ
һɲǵĽУ˽˵һҲԱ񽣵ֻҲܾ𶯣һ졣

һĦļ
ϫתͿһͷʬĵˣѪͫͷųŭĹ
Ȼ
ϫһݣ֪ղԼʱһ˿©ʱһǶԼ͵Ϯ
ৣ
һɲǣӰһٴʩչƣϢڱΣȻʧڸ
ʬʱסѪͫһĨɻͷһΪĵ˻
ף쳹˷
ܿ죬ܴһƿһʬӰڴ˵أ̶Ƭʱ䣬ѻ˲ʮͷ
öڰеĳϫһĺղֱӺͷʬսֻƬ̾ͻᱻЩĹΧˣʱֻӶ
ʱЩʬһһֻɬصڽϫҲ˵Щʲô
һּΪİԣ׾ɬͳϫԶͬ
ܿ죬Щʬɢͬɶݶȥ
˵ֻ¾ǰһЩһΧֻҲһ١
ϫȻٲһ˿ֱȷϷԲǧ֮쳣ȻչжԶһɫԿȥ

һƬƹϵķ棬ŨŨһƬçŻУܹϡϽ̮ܵĺۼ
˿̣һҫ۵ɫǷг𣬳ʢ嫣Ŵ֮
ϫִʱͫƵһ£Ǿ˸ղһĻһвֱ𺳡
ֹΪжϳȷһƷԴΪһƷԴΪģԲǧ֮ڣɫԵƷԴ
ƷԴһƷԴֱֱϫЩ޷ݴ˿̵ľ
δ̫𺳣ѣһ־ȿһĻֱš
Ҫ֪֮ǰ޺һ˿Ѱ٣Ҳһ񣬿һӳһƬԴȺֱһȻͻȻǰǵ֪кε֮
Ƭ̣ϫоһΪĸ֪УԴݷϰͷʬ
ϰͷ
ֲ߱˵ϰλʵ񾳵ĹǾηˣ
ֲԴδ˷򣬵ϰͷʬ˲Խ׳һˡ
һ̣ϫСģɻǣһƺ־ƣ
ҲζţһƺǰƷԴ֮䣬κιϵ
ϫҪ֪һƺǺͱǰ룡
ִ˵أôʬ治֪ǸУִˡ
ϫ̾˿ãջǾȳŰǰһԵȡⷢнͷӡ
̽һƺҪġ
ಣ
֮󣬳ϫӰһϢһƷԴȥһ·ϣԽڱλϢжҲϢΨЩʬעˡ
ò˵ԺͼƬеĽƣʵǿ˼£Ҳ˼£óϫжʱƵģоյصִﵽһƷԴǰ
տ͸ԻȥʢҫۣײУһС̫ƵĹ򣬱뵴ϣ֮
ӹɣǱȻǰƷɣ
һ̵ĳϫδ¶κμܣҵΪǰƷԱߣȻ̾ͷʬ
ǳλƵһϢؼçŻڣǳϫѼʶǵĿ£㱻Ǹɱ۾
ɼˣϫüѣԭڣһȥȡһƷƱػᾪͷʬĻнڱϢҲؽԷ
ˣǵ򵥣ɹؼڣⷽԲǧ֮أݷϰͷʬ
óϫеֵĵط
鷳ϫһָ̾оͺһǰƫƫ޾ɱ˲Խ׳һ
治еĻֻܷƷԴˡ
˼ȥϫη֣Ψһİ취ǣһƷ֮󣬾̵ͷܣһĻᣬעǴ粽С
һ뵽⣬һĨȻȡжڴʱǽкȻ׽һ
ܿ죬һ̸ʹ
ũ磬ϢģȻǵԺżмص棡
ƷԴҲֻܵȼԴ
СЩǧ𾪵Щ
֣δ̫СЩЩϿɲǵĶ֡
ԿֻҶܶԿЩƾ֮ɱϰʬ
ƴһƴ˭֪
죡һƷҵģھ͸ˣ
ߣУҾģϣܰһƷˣҿɲȥһƷۼ
Ȼֹ
ϫȴѴ˭΢΢ţȴЩпѡ
棡
־֪ũ͵ԿһѵõȷϢб
ǵ̵ĲͬˣũԵ̣ͨ죬ӴޱȣõϢҲȻԶѰ˿ɱȡ
ϫֻײŵִݣǶ޷֪һƬʱˡ
ȻЩʱΪũ͵Կһ˵ĵϫʱеһѹ
Ҳ˵µľƲֹҪЩʬҪֹũǳûˡ
ϫȷũǿ϶ôɣˮǻӡ
ô죿
ϫԺзɿһ̣ܲũԿǵĲѾʼ߱ƽ
֮ǽޱȣ̲ݻ
ء
ϫзһĨһš
һָ̣һʩչȥ⡱ͷųһƽƾնԶ
أ
ʱձ飬һƬձ˺ѵķ飬ף
¡¡
һ˲ѣⷽԲǧ֮ݷʬ͵ϰٶѪɫͫĿĵ˸ŨŨС
ؼ䣬һӳϿ񱩡Űɭޱȵѹ

Ƿˣ
죡
ˣֻƴˡ
˵ˣֱɱȥ͵ˣαСҲǶһ١
ͬʱԶһ󾪺ȻũԿһʱ֮䣬Щʬע
һ̣һһĦļдЩʬᵽѪȵȺХųͬһɱȥƺƴضɫ䡣
λúܰɡϫˣǲһĨЦ⣬ĿһİƷ


1680 ֮
ʩչȥ⡱һ֮󣬳ϫȻһ࣬ԭڰƷԴԱߵͷʬԶũԿһɱȥ
ûгɣͬʱһӣͽƷԴײһҫɫԵĵߡ
ʼգûκע⡣
ৣ
ϫ˲˷ܣûеʱ䣬Ӱ˸һĨ翵̣ȻһһƷԴȥ
¡¡
ԶսũԿһ˽Զ¶ټϰͷʬΧ£ֱɱû찵أ޹⡣
ʱأһŭĽսдóϫҲǡ
ò˵һΡˮĲԺܳɹԭһΣ˲޻ũԿһͷϣҲ֮ȻãԳϫ
һ̵ĳϫϢڱΣڼʱ䣬ھƷ
Զɱƴ󣬸ֵײŽâХ˷Ƭضǡ
ϫҲòСܣⱻսನϯ
ৣ
Ӱ˸ʱ֮ߣоյصִһƷԴǰ
ֽһƷȡʱͫȻһȻֹ
ͬʱӰٿȻһݺݱܿ
䣡
һɺɫ׵ܻĴգ֮յزųϫӰһϣԲĴضʱȻ顢촷ۣǱһ׺һɲ
һƷԴҲܲȻҲƿҪݡ
ߣҾ֪˴εΣȴû뵽ԭڰеԶһɱޱȵؼ䡣
ũ
ϫͫţһ˲俴ԶսУũ裬аȵϾǱɱ֮ɫӿɫӳĵһ
ũʬһΧʼվǸ޷ƿֵĺɫ˵˵ˡ
һƾѹƵЩʬ׷ɢѣ
ǵǾ
дҲԿΪ֮ĴڣũսǺε֮ǿ
ԭǼһ
ˣҾ֪˴ЩԾ
ɶǾȻһһѣΣҲԲ
ʱ򣬵Կ޵ҲӦԶĿѣŭ
ݣǸũһжƹ
ҲֻܷŭߵʬһǷ
ϫƳ˶ԷһۣӰһ͵سһƷԴȥ
ΪũһƷԴѿҪٲȡжײһƷֻ¾Ҫʹ˱ٵ
ȿٵǼֱ񹲷ߡ
ס֣
ũȣһֺɫգ⣬¡¡ʱնϫ˷·޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
ϣ
һϫͷҲأһ
صһ죬¶ײʮɽɲɢ˷ʱա
һĳ£ϫҲһѪܾɽѹ㡣
͵һҧһɳӰ͵ؼӿǰ壬һӣһԽһƷȡ
ף
ԶũҲЩȣû뵽ϫܵԼһ
ɫһϫ㽫еߣҲֻΪҵԣȰھͰѶȫҿһΣ̡
͸˵в
̣Ǻǣҳϫɲϡ
ϫҡͷЦһ仰ʩչʱŲƣɳ۶ȥ
ֹΪҪũ˵вͶ½أҪǣѵ֣˻ᣬҲȥһһֱеغǺˡ

ʱղһ˲䣬ϫӰʧӰ١
ײĲᣬǸ̵ļһﰡũкܣ֮ɫ
¡
Ӱ͵һչȻɫױϺȻɢ
ء
һײЩʬҽУͱɫױǣȻ٣γһƬհ׵ش
һĻõԿ޵Ҳһ׷װĿ
ߣ׷ɱϫ
ũ³֣絶ɱ֮


ʱ糱ˮֿϫӰһĨУһֲ˼ٶȫŲơ
һƷƷδóϫˣпܣԸȥһһƷۼ
һУ޷ΪԼһ·ĻƷۼжз⣬ҲΪ
ũ˰㣬ȻˣԽΣգͿǷе׷ˡ
һ߷ɶݣϫһа˼
ǲηͶԷһսһԶĻԲɵȥӲƴ
ԭڣũһɲֹũһ𣬻һԿ˼սϫɵ֣򲻵ѣԲ֮Կˡ
ˣȴ̽һƺǺǰ޺ǻϡ
ϫһٶ룬ʼСܻ
ؼçŻԽԽŨʵʰ㣬ÿһռ䶼⣬Ѱ˽Уֻ»ʧУѰٲ
ֹˣҲʼһԵļ²Ϣ
ʱƣһϢԽԽǿң̼óϫһľëȻĸо
ʱ䣬ѹŤͷˡ
ڣûôΪһһֱŵغҲԽԽ
һУʹϫһֱǰУûѡ˺
һ·ϣҲûգǱ鲼ããеʬҲĿ
ҺãϫԽڱסȫϢֻһ·϶úЩʬɱжȹˡ

һʱ󣬺ȻϫֻоѹȻһǰçŻȻֿҰޱȡ
һɲǣϫȻֹ
忡ϲƵطһĨȻһ
һƬɫأīڰޱߣƿҰһ
˿ǿҰϣȴųǧͷʬ
ƼСֺɫաĬһšһУ鲼Ұÿһ䣬ȥ龹ͷ
һĻ̫ģ
һ֧ƺƵפڴˣĬɱžȴκ־塣
̫˼飬š
ϫһĻĵһۣҲǻܵһǰδе𺳡
﾿ʲôطôʬΪʲôҪڴˣ
֮󣬳ϫԻָƽע⵽ǿҰľͷһĨ֡
żԶľ룬ҲóϫһΪһĨϢһϤĸо
ҲͬʱƵһ˿Ȼǿƥ͸ſңңָԶҰͷһĨ⡭


1681 ˷
һеظӦԿҰ֮иֵһĨ⣡
һĨ⻹Ϥ
һ˲ѣϫͶ϶һĨȻԼõȾѪнһޣ
ˡ
أһ쳹µĳѹһԵĿɲѹȻɢ
һɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬˷Ʋ顣
ڿҰܰʬǺȻһڵأ
εĽ⣬߽еۻʵǣһأ쾭γﶼڸ׳Ƴ
䣡
ϫֻоһÿһ缡һɴʹĸоתȫΪҲо궼Ҫᡣ
һɲǣһֹز𣬶Ĥݵĳ嶯
һɽ̫ˣסƵۻʡͷţԦµѹ
ǳϫӵСԭʼľһΪڽƿؽ֮һֻ¸޷㣡
ˡ
Խ쳹أҲʢ
һɲǣϫΪ֮һϣҰУڿǿҰͷһֶ
Ǳȴҫۣͨͨư߲ȱһ֣ƣȴô嫺Զçԭʼ
ͺһۻʣ䴩żªѰ·ȴ޷ڸһŵĴǣ
ϫĿ⸦һһ⼣߲ĲȱнסǺݺһô
ϫȱȾѪнͼϵһһޡ
һϢóϫϤԺл֮䣬ֳָһĵĻ桪
ڰһıӰֶ£бһ
һ뵽⣬ϫֹǵãеӣƾһɨѹʱգնɱֲͨ޼᲻ݣң
ǣλӵʧһƬڰ
ȵȣ
ò桭һƬڰ
ϫ͵һȻһ¡
çŻ棬ϹԴ֮أǴеçŻеĵһoܾ֮ȴΪһԾΪһƬ桭
һԾòӺ֮ͨĽɣ
ˣ˵Ӽпܾǵܾڴ˵һo
䣡
ȱڿգԽԽʢǿɲϢ籩Ȼɢ
ڵصʬһɲǼ䣬Ϊɻң
һĻóϫٶȥһͷͷʵĹɾǱѹɨһգ
кεȿֲܰ쵽һ
ϫʶҪȫܣǣһɢʱԼûвκӰ죬һ磬ԼһӶ
ⲻ
¡
һ̣ע⵽һѹδһƬҰΪģ˷ɢʱաçŻȫ飬Ҳϳչ
;һϯķ籩޼᲻ݣﲻƣ
Գϫǿĸ֪˿̶ȻΪһ֮䣬һѹϯɢʮ֮⣬;ϵķ桢ʬ޲ݿһգ
ңɢûн
һеģһһһɽѹ
ϫ󣬱񽣡ǽǿ˲ֹһ
˽ʱָкεȿֲ
ϫ
ܿ죬ע⵽һѪ飬ӿҰϸ֣ܵٻ㣬һ۶ȥ
ϫûв´һƵѪ飬ӦǸղűѹʬ£ǧ飡
ʱӼԶĵзһѪ飬޲ܵٻһ㣬һȱӿȥ
ǡ
ѵ֮ҪȡʶͷѹնɱЩʬԴԼ
ϫɲܿ죬ͷԼ뷨
ΪȻһƵѪ飬ӿ⼣߲ı棬ӡϣһɱ̺Уһһ
нȾѪʢ˷ƣ
ȾѪн
ͳϫӺͼƬһͼϵģһģһ
ԭЩʬܸ֮Ϊȡһ˿ȾѪнϵϢ񣬲нӳѣʼջԼˡ
һӣϫȫˣЩʬܴ֮иڴ񣬾ΪȾѪнϢӰ죡
һ룬һѪվܹһͷʬӵпд˾Ϳ֪ȾѪнǺε֮ɲˡ
ˣ
ȳϫȥԺȻ쳹һͼƬ˵һ
һɲǣϫԴЩ£ֻоҰһʹһ̣ʱʧȥ֪
ҲڴʱԶҰͷһеȾѪнҲȻƾʧ

û뵽СӾ˽ƻھûټ
׷ǿһƷƷڳʼԴ֮ǰСӽˣ
ɶСƺĳطܹܿʬĸӦ׷ȥʲôʱ׷
ģӲ˶ã
ããУũԿһȫŲƣֻɫԶЩ
һʱˣǾһֱûзֳϫټˣҲˡ
ĵǣһ·ϣǲʱܵʬĹţӰнٶȡ
ֱڣũҲѣ˵ˡ
ǸȤﰡץסһúһ棬϶ܴ̼
ԿȴһЦڣɺ֬ĴǣȻЦȴһëȻĸо
ũҲסһĨ񺮣ǺԿһ桱ĶֶԣǺжôغͿɲãܣܾҲ޷
¡¡
ʱȻԶһɲĺǧԶŨŨг
ũĿһȻֹãˣ
ʬȺɱ
׳գߣũתҪģסȳһ
ɫأжʱһ仹δ״ʶظũһŤͷӡ

ʱղȫٷء
·ϣ˽סͷĿ龰ʱһͷƤ飬ɳ
ֻһݵĿֲѹһֻεУʱ飬çŻ飬֮޼᲻ݣ
̫ɲеһ˸ũߴ٣ʩչȫӡ
Ǿʲô
ÿֲϢҼ淢ŭɲʮֱҪ
ֱһʱũӳһƬçŻǵ򣬻صϤԴ֮С
һ̵ǣɫɲ˸Եһ⡣
ԶֱʱҲûһоʲô
¡
أԶʱձ飬çŻȻɢһɿɲޱȵѹٴϯ
Ȼû꣡ũһݺһʹ˼


1682 ͼ
𶯣ɫ䡣
һ̣Դ֮˷Զһɿɲѹ쫷ɢ
ֹũԿһˣԴ֮ж޵ߣһҲ
ʲô
ÿֲѹ
ôᷢ䣿
㣡
޵ǹ˲ѰԴ׷ɫ䣬Զܶȥÿ˶Ծѣ˺¡
ܿ죬Ǿע⵽˷ӿѹ볯Դ֮λû۶ȥ
¡¡
֪ʱܲŤִƥ߰㣬ؼ衣
ħź޶Ĵģһ޵߽Զһľ
̫ˣ
յ蹦
䣡
Ƿ籩ĺĵشһĨٵϼһɺϡ翵Ϣ
ԶԶأһڹçʱڵoоƮؼ䣬͸һֱĵׯ
һʱ֮䣬ԭĲ񷣬ȻȾɫԭ񱩵ҲǻһŤƥƵ磬һϼܡ
ؼ䣬û쫷磬ûǿɲѹûǾĶǵ磬ֻʣһƬµİ
˿̵ؼ䣬ϼ׵繰Ƶоֳһ͡ׯࡢʥϢ
޵һ̶סǰһ̻һĩպƽٵľһȴֳʥǶЩš
ϼǡòǾƷۼĵطɣ˲ڡ
ƷۼԣҲֻȿ֣ŻȺ󣡡
ǣ֮ǰݣǻʱ䣬ʼԴŻ֣ǰˣ
ݶѣ棬Թ񣬳ʼԴĳ֣ɴ޹ؿѭܳƵǿ󣿡
˴γʼԴֵʱȷЩΣǰУɴδйһɿɲѹҲǾ޽У
ôˣϿжԵǰ֣ٴǿɾ̫ϧˡ
۷׷УֲԴ֮ظ޵ǣǲԼͬش˷һƬϼȫٸȥ

ûãǱ㲻òֹɫЩɲ
ھһϼǧ֮ʱһεبǰ޷Խ
˲аͼǿȴһĨɫƾɱ£Ҳһеٮٮߣɾ޷ÿѪˣܼһغ
һĻʱ޵߻ȻеĿʲ٣ԶһϼĿУһĨء
ȿԵȻô׾ܹõ
ǾʹֹڴˣһУֽԶġ
䣡
أһѪɫ䵶ڿգݺݳɱȥ
ǵԿˣɻȿһĨɫٴγ֣صһӲѪɫ䵶þҲɳȥõԿҲܷɣӰɿƵĵɫһһס
һ£˳ױסԿλз֮ʮ޷Խ׳һ֪һķкεȿɲ
ߣҾͲ㣡
ԿɫһҧȥȴһԵũס
شˣʼԭػδ֣ʱ˵㣬ڴ֣Ҳ޷Խһ
ũԶĳϼڡ
ˣʼԭؿɲֹһɫϼǰ򵥣չżأʱɰһԭǵڻеoġܾ֮ۡأֻܹĵۼ
ԣҲ׷
Կüͷһ壺ѵҪȺ𣿡
ũǷһĨĪЦݣƲⲻ֮ڣʼԴʱ̶п֣ܳʱǾǵһֺη

һƬϼ񷹰׵磬Ʈһ޵о֮
һϼΪĵķԲǧ֮أһ֣޵߶⣬޷Խ׳һ
ʱ⸽޵ߣɲֹũԿһˡ
޺ۡȻ𾣵ˣұܷ𡢽һˡ˿Ҳѵִ
ͬжϳһУھĵȺûԸ뿪Щʵ޵ǣҲԸһԵ
һʼԴ֣ɱᱬޱȵĳͻ񡭡ϫȥˣ
ȻžīüЩɻһ˺ƴ󣬰ԣϫע⵽һĻûвĵ
òʲô״ɣ
üԴͳϫǰ֮Ҳѽ˳ϫϫѣ˿̼ϫٳٲҲЩǲѡ
ԣҲԶĬ
ϫս֮ǿӪе춨˼ߵĵλ޺۶ϲϫƷۼж˳ϫɻӰ쵽ǵۺ
ٵȵȰɣʼԴǻûֻҪܹʱִͿˡ޺ЦſڣʵҲЩĳϫ
һ˿Ҳ֪˻ءȻҧҧӨĺ촽ЩԹЩǡ

ϫ˿Щ˼ȴ𾪡
ǰһƬڰռ䣬ռΨλãϥһ޵Ӱ
һƵĹӰ˿徿޷ա
ɳϫһ۾ϳԷˣ
ΪϵϢһçİأԶԭʼζԶԶвƵؾ͸ֳһСϰĸо
ϥһȴһƬף
̫ǿˣ
³ϫ˿Բ磬˿һ޵ӰʱҲӲı
Լģ֪ԼʲôвЩ㷡
ҺãоԼḻһ۾жϳԷȷ˲٣ȴˣһ־ӡĴڡ
ʦϼڴʦѩʦϼҲ̫Ͼʮ֮ϵ̫Ͻϼ
Ķһ־ӡѡ
ǰӰȻҲˡ
ৣ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣأһϥӰһɲǼ䣬ĿһĨ磬̵óϫ궼һ¶ڡ
ͬʱԺкͼƬ͵˵һඥ㣬һĪ
ͼߣçŻԴеĵһoçؾ֮ˣ
ԭСϫͷ𶯣Ϊ֪˵֣ΪԷǺͼߣ
ζʲô
ζţҲԼͼеİأ̤ϵĴ֮۷壡
֮ǰ㻹λ޵˺ͼУ
ϫɸδ
ΪʶУҲ֪Լʦɽ֮ˣƾͼ֮Ӷһϴ


1683 Ľ
ϫ𾪣Щԡ
ǺͼߣôԼڼΣ
ϫоԳѣõĺͼԶƬδƴ̸ʲôڼߡ
ͬʱΪçؾ֮仰Ҳóϫȷ֮ǰһ뷨λçŻԴеĵһλoȻǴܾçŻϵo
֮ب֮çŻ棬ԵԴ֮أǡĹ
һʶһ㣬ϫвпֲúͼƬлḡֳصġġ桱֣ҲֲԼһִçŻ棬ܹȾѪнͼĴС
ԭһнԶΪǰλͼߡ
ϫ뵽ͼƬֲֹһɬģȻġ桱ԼżȻˡôд˭
Ǻͼǰ
ߺͼлܣ
ѣˡ
ڳϫͷʱǶϥŵȻڣº͡ɾһȪ֮⡣
ϫһĬĬ˹֡
֪һ־ӡǻۺʶԼֻȥ㹻ˡ
ϧΪ׷ռ;޷͵ı棬Ψнһѧ˼ڴˡ
ÿһκͼߵʹռ֮⣬뿪֮ʱѧ£ָн𴫳֮⡣
гһգ̤ռ֮;ԵҲҰ㣬ѧʹ⴫֮Ͼ
ùº͡ɾȪˮ쳹ڰС
ϫԽԽ𾪣ףΪԼܹȾѪнĴˡ
ӦȻЦŵһѣء
˵ʱָ̽ңңָϫüġ
ˣ
ϫֻоԴ˵һ׻ǰһڣʱʧȥ֪

һ̣ϫоһ
УһХ޾ʱȣݿࣻʱ٣ȥӰʱ̫޷
Щ޲ֲ֮ۻ֮ԦǺХţţ飬޾ҰеÿһգҲ
еĽٿȻ÷볯Լɱ꣬ˡ
óϫеļ£ҪӶݣȴѾˣһ̣㽫û
Ҳһɲǣϫ͵رѣ۾
ǰһʧϫ̲סһȴأԲһĨ¶
ղŷеһĻʵ̫ɲˣʵģϫԲұ֤Լܷ
ء
ϫĵطһƬҰХɪռŵ
ΨûʬҲûǿҰͷһȾѪн
ǰһĻϫһ㱣Ǵ˿ʶѣΪղһжǼٵġ
ţ
ϫȻע⵽ԼʶУһȾѪн֪ʱУһɻɬ
䣡
Ҳһ̣һɷξеϤо̺ˮƵģȻӿС
һֽ֮ͬؽȴֺ֮ؾһޣΨһĲͬǶһ־ʽ
һĨ֣纣͹°ӯѹİ֮
ϫһеİԼġۺΡž˵ƣֻ⺣ʽһǧ޼᲻ݵζ
Ľʽ
ৣ
һĨ֣⣬ȥ٣һĥ޷׽ζٶȲ˼Ŀ죬ȴֲ񡰹ȥ⡱ǰغһ翲ڤ̵Ϣ
Ľʽ
ʱ䣬½ٴγֲͬĽУһҶţ㾫׼˼£Ϊţʽ
һܻԲĻԲиɻ֮ǿеһʯƾˢȻһΪԲʽ
ˣǰ嫵Ľ򣬻Ϊ򣬻ΪȫͬʽУΪϫա
ֽУΪĽԺͼ֣֮ĥ³һϽ
˵֮ǰϫȾѪнͼĴУˡԭʼľ֮ؽศɵľţô˿̵ġĽһĽ飬佣ļ֮ۼ̶ȣһκν޶ԴۺĿ

һ̵ĳϫһֶС
뵣һԣӳĵϢʥۻʡ
ڽΪϣѴﵽ˽һز˿̻áĽУԽ֪һ¥ͻƽʶļ
ָĴ̼£֮仯ԽԽԲԲ͸
ͷȥпܲ׽񾳵
¡¡
ȣ۽ͷųҫ۵ԣϱڣչѴﵽһֱ״̬Ҫ⣡
һ޵߶ԣֻץסһһԴȫȥˡ
ɳϫδô´˿ӵһƷҲûκδ˿̳񾳵Ĵ㡣
ϾﵽȾ磬Լĵ;Ҫ̣ľһԲȱʹ԰ƷΪͻƽվһ˿ȱ
һ
ϫһɶѹĳʢٿȻֵָȻʡ
ҲڴʱʶһȾѪн쳹һѣһִ｣ʾ쾳ʱԴһᡯдͨռ;ϣгһտԺ͵꣬ء
ƽ͡ɾš
ռ;
ϫһ૵һġ

Ȼϣūȵһ졭
Դ֮⣬һϵԴǰϥڼ̨ϴ˺Ȼ۾ޱȵϷһĨ֮ɫοƼƸп
վӣǰϵĿһĨ
ʼԴҲˡ
ɣƮؼ䣬һԤԡ

䣡
Դ֮أϼ֮أһĵȺڴ˵޵͵ظоµĴٿȻһζ
Բʮ֮ڣʯɽعѳһĿĵѷ죬ɢ
ڲϣǹϼܵ׵磬һȻĹ⣬һ˶ƥзת
һϼǡһеĺģ˿̣ϼҲȻƮ꣬ͻͺ嫣׳ޱȡ
ǣ
ѵ˵ʼԴҪˣ
϶ˣ
λ׼ãֻȳʼԴ֣Ǳһʱж
ĿһĻһ޵߽Զ𺳣ĿнԶƵطһĨܼ
һԤУʼԴֻҪˣ
¡¡
ػζԽԽңؼ䲻֪ʱһѹĵĻɬ
ȻһϼΪģͷųꡢأǹһйճһģĵΣ


1684 Ʊ
ϼڣƮأ˿̱˴˽֯йճһĳΡ
ڳһ޵ߴס𺳣һĻ񼣵㣬Ի͵޷
û˿ڣĿⶼŲ񷣬һգգΨִκһϸڣͻԼһ㡣
κ
һƬʢУһԡɵĵĿ֮£ڳͣ
بǧ֮ϣأͨҫɫԣׯࡢ嫡ӯһ˵ĵۻ֮
ͷ·Զŵۻ֮̾һֻȻɵĴˣѹ˷ļ
һʱ֮䣬Ʈо׹ϼǧڲܣʥ˼¡

¾ǴУǵçŻеһoġܾ֮ۡأ
ǳʼԴλУҲֻϵĴڣܵƷۼϹ屦
һʱ֮䣬мȣ̫̫ⷢййسʼԴĴš
ˡ
ˡ
ڴʱؼȻһض翵ĵ𶯣糿ĺģÿһ𶯣ƬصϢʥһ֣鲼еѹǿʢһ֡
쳹ŴΣȻһһŻȻ󿪣뵣Կ顣
ȻһŻǰ֣£ͨ档
ˣһйڳš
尡
˰಻סһĻʱ̲סһڳȥ

ֹǴˣһ̣ϰٺ޵붯޲ŵһʱѰٴԵ
¡
ɻǿǰܣӿֳһɿֲɫԣزõɫɨ˷
ءһ̣һӰķɻߵķƵģ޲Ѫ׹أҽвѡ
һĻʱԭԾԾԵ޵һ类˴ͷһˮп롣
һȺ۵ļһʼԭ˽ģͣȻԵֱǿЦ˼¡
һЦȴǵԿĿôĻԼ
ɫ粻ȴû˸ҸԿ粵
Ҳ˲аСǰݿأҲһɿֲɫԺɨȥѪأҽвֹ
ⲻоҪ֪ǿɶһһȴһŻ̤벻ãֱǶ޷ܡ
һʱ֮䣬ЩƣһԵƫƫ޷Уֱĥˡ
ȻũվȻڣ֮ǰǶһ£ǾʼԴȵطҲֻ𷽲ܹ̤롣
˻һʱͬУڳ޵߽ԶϨһ˿ңɫ
ڳ֮Уʮ֮˾Ŷ𣬶ҲζţǴ˽Զ޷ȥȡһԵ
ĴǶԿ֪кεȳء
Կһߣڴ˵ؽӦũڷԸһ˫ָ̧һݿ
ҲãʡĽеĲӬ̫࣬ɱҲ鷳ԿЦڳ޵߽Զɫһ䡣
Ӭ
ǺʱȴǸŭԣΪǵԿǷ֮ʮĴڣжպķӡ
û˭ɵȥһҪݣҪʵʵķˡ
ο߻һũ
ৣৣৣ
ۿũ͵ԿҪһݣȻ֮䣬һʱղһķ˲ŲһӰ
ǺȻ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮλ
Ǹһ֣ͺũԿγɶ֮ƣ볯ݿ
Ⲣ꣬޺ǳֺٴһʱղұܷ硢𡢽Ҳ
һӣʱԵޱȣֳ˽ŵĽζ
ڳ˶㿴ס֧飬һǿƥڴ˿̣֣ҪһĻᣬһĻԿݺס
Ǻǣְ
ũȻ㣬б޺۵һۣ󿪿ڡ˿վλãǡڰһ֮أһ֣˭Ҳ밲Ȼͨˡ
ũֵ֣㲻Ǹô޺ˬʴЦ˻ֹ֣˰һࡣ
ʱǹұܷһҲֹеľƣһγңңŵļơ
սţӿ
ûٲȡжⱻһ͵Ϯˡ
ɲǴֵģԽ֣Խķ
ũһֶŪڼϵĻȸ˹ڣԣҿǻ°ɣ÷ɸ꣬ũ۸ˡ
˶٣ĿȻȻϣ¶һаȲȻЦݣȻȻСԸ⣬ɿѡߡ
޺УȻЦȻˣ˱ܵĵǱЩϼһ֪Ե̫ˣΪأ
ũȻ룬ֱӾͱ޺ˣȻţûаķӦ
ˣũȻȥǵһĨЦݣɫ䵭˵䲻Ļƾĸ治ģעһͿأǹǽԶԵҿɸǷϻô࣡
ǿɲáһȻüڡ
ôǻϫǸСӻἰʱũƳһۣȻ̾Ϣϧ淢䣬ҶòˣСδ顭Ѿˡ
ʲô
ԣȻ޺۵˽ԶһũݣȫҪ⼤ŭǡ
ôҲζšٳûеִĳϫпˣ
һ̣ڳ޵Ҳ𾪲ѣϫ˭Ѳİ
һͽ֣һ˵Կȷͷ֮Ѹǹ˴ٲȻͬһȽȽҫǡ
񣬾п٣
θˣ
ұܷע⵽һɲǣԵɫЩ㱣񲻶
üһһĨײδ˵ʲô
ϫƺǰƲ޹ϵɣ޺һڡ
ȻũЦЦȻŤͷһĹұܷܷ򣬶ѵʱѲˡ
仰һȫ˶һ
ǵҰУȻұܷǴһˣũߣĿ뿴޺۵ˡ
Ȼڰнˣ
ڳһ޵߽ԶȻǷƱã˭뵽ڷ֮ǰʮеũ͹ұܷ򣬾Ȼһ
һӣ޺۵ɫԶ𶯲ѣû뵽ᷢıˡ
ɲΣ¾ѾȻ仯ũұܷһһԿ޺۵ˡ
ȥٵķɲ̸ǰһĻͶ޺ǼΪ


1685 
ũ͹ұܷһ˵ĽˣȷڳԤϣҲֳƶȻһ䣬޺ǵĴ᧿Σ
Ͼũǹұܷۼʵѹ޺ߵκһˡ
ǻΪһӪиеԿ𡢽Ϊͬ飬ۺʵϣҲѾԶԶ˺޺һ˵ľ롣
Ƕɣһ̼ǳϫʱֻ¶ȥıʲô
һ̵ũǳΪҫ۵һˣ⣬һڳʼԴеľƷۼؽΪá
ɾʱ޺ۺȻڵҼǵãʼԴеľƷۼֻһ꣬ôˣƺûְɣ
֮ǣʱǽһ𣬿˶ڣȵƷۼʱũ͹ұܷ֮仹ܹѹϵ
Ⲣ䣬һʵ
⻰ũǷһĨЦ⣬˵ĲΪ˱ִѺ̶ܷһƷۼá
˻һȫ𶯣Զ۾š
ǿǾƷۼʼԴҲһѣũľʹ˹ã
δ̫˼飡
˵ǹұܷȻԵǻһЩƫƫũ˾˷ѽˡ
޺Ǵ˿̶ס𾪣û뵽ũΪʲô˴
˿̣ũԿǹұܷһˣԵöΪƽȻ֮ǰǱѴЭ顣
Ƿ飬ҲֻԼˡ
ΣƷչȵز޺۵˶ԣһޱȵĴ
ԷΪһƷۼѾıãǿԶˣԶһԵ־ڱصá
޺ǣ֮ȾԵЩμ穣ʤϣԵã
ֵܣģҲصȴˣһжɡ
һ̣ũٴοڣ綪һذըڳ۾Щֱ
ӰƮȻ֣Ȼģ
Цųũ˹֣㼴һ࣬ȻǺ͹ұܷһһҲѺũˣ
һӣ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮɫ޷򶨣
ĵʵ㲻жǿɱϾλҲũ֮УӪǿʢ޺жסһĸо
Ʊ仯̫죡
Ǵֲ

һ޵аԸпũֱǷΪƣΪ꣬Ƭʱ䣬ȫƿƣһжŪڹ֮䣬ͣɷѰܹӵС
߰ɡ
ũƿһ޺۵ˣתԶһͨϵİȥ
ұܷ˽Զ
һ̣޺۵ɫˮղδȥһ̱սԿĻǡ
¡
ǰɫԱѹ֮ũ˺¡ѹҪֹǰ

ũһӣһĨɫǧУ׽ɫն飬ɢ˷
ǰУ޿ƥеһսǧϹ⣬ذݷҡϡ
ˡ
ֱǰݾͷػûһ޵oӰ
߾ɣͨɫâһ֣һɿֲƥѹȻѹ˷ʱն촷ۣԵúޱȡ
䣡
һһͭꪻӶǣɫףݺݳũɱ¡
һһɱ£Ŀɲ
ũҲһ𣬲Σգʶתȫ붯֡
¡¡
֯һѤ񱦺ͷƬ򳹵ûĿɲײг٣а
޵ߺȻ޵ߣֻһٶ˰ɣ
κһж
ܹũ˽ԶЩǱղκ
һͷƾոֵľoӰ˿ʧȻѾũǸơ
ߣ
ô˻ᣬũĻҵŻУת˲ʧ
һĻڳ޵һпȻȴԵ֮أҲֻЩʹˡ
ô죿
ĿһĻȴɫൽ˼¡
Ҳȥܹ
޺⿪ؼ䣬ܣӿֳһ֮ɫο֪ԳǬ׻ķĪ⣬ۼ¹˭֣δ֪
ãô죡
Ȼˮһ㼴Ӧ
ǳϫأٵһȣ𾣳ɵ
ἰϫһأջ޺ۿڵжްȻ
Ȼ𾣡ˮ˵ͷٶ˵
£޺۴չж볯һȥ
һ·ϣҲѹȺ谭оյػ⡣
ֱͬҲһɸߵoӰƴȫŶȹ
ũһˣԵҪǱһɫ΢΢ףٴϢѡ
һΪʵһҲΪǱϾĸˣũǿаˣ
ԱȣһĿȻ
Һãͬһؿ뵽С

ĿһУڳ޵нԶƽ
˿޺ǵӮɾãĶֻ࣬ºѺũǾˡ
ǿ϶ģũƷۼܹãʲôģ
û뵽Ӯҷǹұܷ治֪ũŵʲôũˡ
۷׷ףԶ޺һˡ
Ҳвʣͼٴδһһͨϵİݣȴ飬һλ޵ߵˣز
һУʱϾڳе룬Ǿʹ뿪ȴвʡ
ף
Ȼ˾Ʒʲôע⡣
¡
ҲڴʱƬʱһҲһεӰ߳
ϫ
ڳ޵߽Զһ㲻Լ۾
һ忡ӣȻʣһԨǳϫ˭
ǣղũԣյˣ
ѵм٣
˾ɲʱ򣬳ϫƮȻһȺߡ
أʵ
棬նӷˣΪûУֻڴ˵ء
ϫʱҲһϲնɿѸղŷһĻĻг
ϫ꣬ʱУҲͬû뵽ũȻ͹ұܷǽˣࡢȽɫҲ뵽ũӪС
ǣı㰡
ϫǷһĨĻȣҡҡͷնˣλһʱЩˡ
㡭Լ
նһæǰΣء
˵ţѸղŷһĻĻһ飬ص˵һoӰĿ¡
ն˵꣬ȴǷ֣ϫչжһȥ


1686 һ·̾
ӻáĽ֮󣬳ϫһ·أû뵽ջһδܺ޺ǻϡ
䵱ţũ͹ұܷˣŵһƷۼʱϫһɽȸС
˴ǰçŻ棬ҪĿıɶŮ۵ĳŵֹұܷȡһƷ
£ϫԲ˷κһ˿ʱ䡣
ৣ
ӰһѳԶһȥ
ţѵҪһȥأ
һδЩˣũ˽ʱԵǱһܿݣУ
ٺ٣Űɣ϶кϷҵҪλϫǷ紫ǰˡ
ƾһˣҪȥĻЩ
ϫһ˳ǰݿʱڳ޵߽ԶȻѡ
˺ɣ˲мȻҡͷֻ̬죬һ㡣
Ͼ֮ǰۿũһˣ޺λڴһʱԶǱ
ؼڣѹصһɸߵoӰܣʵ̫ɲ
£ǿɲΪϫƾԼһˣܰ쵽һˡ
һڿְĿע£ϫǰ̨֮ǰͷ
ڲ֮£ɫԣǵ֮󣬻Ի
һ̨ױֱϣͨŻ֮ڡ
һɲǣϫԺУΪᡱȾѪнȻһĨɬݡ
ϫѾ֪ǡܾ֮أ֮ǰˣ
ȻҲὣļҡ
ճϫĿὣ鱦Ѳƣ಻ܲڣΪӡһ־ʱ÷ͬѰɱȡ
ϫԼܸоԴὣĸ飬ͺԼԴ񹂵ĸһһֿɹ飬޷
һϫûгɣ̧ȥ
һ̣ڳ޵ߵĿⶼһգգΨִκһϸڡ
ǣʼգϫûܵκһ˿谭
ϣžһƬûڶɫԣûٿȻϯĿɲѹһ˿ûУ
ôܣ
˾ӶĿࡣ
в˶ӲݣϻŲƣĿũ޺ЩĴع̣ȴûϫ׵ģ
⡭ֱƽҲûʲô𰡡

һƬžѻȸΨгϫȽĲһֶصĽಽϡ
˫ָɫɽԣŨںڵĳڷзǴأǹʵΣԵ˴ݡȻ
䡭
ҪݾͷʱӿֳһɸߵoӰͨɫ⣬ֳͭꪣƵɲޱȡ
ˣоǰһһ׽Ҳ̫ûˣ
նӷһǲѣ޺˴ʱǲͱһoӰˡ
ʱĳϫһˣܶԿùԷ
ǽһĻȴ۾һֱͶƵŴ
ϣ
ǰĳϫλoӰǻһطһ쳤ХƿЦƸƱˡ
ٿȻһ̣ʧӰ١
Եĵط̫˼ˣ˭뵽֮ǰũ˶ЩǱoӰһ̾ȷ˼ľٶ
ʲôϣ
ѵϫʩչĳoӰ֪ˣ
һͷˮȴĪ
ϵĳϫˣӰҲǶ˶٣ĬƬ֮󣬷̧뵽Żڣʧ

⾿ô£
Ϊʲôһ·ͨ裬ĪһҵȻδֵⷨţ
̫˼ˣԭ뿴һһ﾿кͣ˭룬ᷢȷ˼顣
ϫһ뿪ʱը˹ֵ÷зڡ
˻ǰϵ谭Ѿʧǰ̽ɻδͱһɫԺݺݺɳȥҽвѡ
һ£ȷϣǳϫ϶ȻйŹ֣׵ؾͽ
˳ϫѵļ룬Ļᷢĳ漣նૣȴһ˿ϣ

ڣԳǬ
ϫһִҰоͳֳһƬĿĽȺ
Щ޲ϡֺ롢ߴɣϢׯΡ룬ڲͬ
çʱȻ̾oڴܾӣУ
һжѲڣֻʣһּžߵķΧ
ڳϫµģһֱʯңңͨ˼һ
ʯ࣬һƬ˴˹ͨĳˮɫ
ƮҷУɻѲڣѱ˲ߢߡ
ǳʼԴڵĵطˡϫĿɨܣƬ̺ȴü
ʵ̫ˣԳǬһ磬ܲĹϽ飬Թһ㣬һһȥѰ֪ҪѶٹ
Ƭ̧̣һʯȥ
ûãͷĹУֺޱȣһһʯʯϱ׭صͼơ
һսڵսĺۼ̮İ빡Ʋ¯ˤ÷ͭյ
ĿһУóϫУѵ޺Ѿũһ˿սˣ
ҺãвʬҲѪգóϫһһУӦò
ǣ޺Ǿȥ
ϫͷųԼǿϸѰŴеÿһϢƬ̺üëһﷺһĨ
׽һȻĶϢ
϶֪ҪʶŻһϢҺãԼĻ㼰ʱٵһᣬһϢֻҲҪʧˡ
ϫԺзɿţܿ죬һ򣬲ٳɣʩչʱŲƣٿȻʧԭء

ʱղ;һƬһƬϽ縡ӰʧϧʱϫǺȥЩѰһ
Ͼǡܾ֮أҵ̾Ų֪ٵoЩϽУȻǴڵӡˡ
ϫҡҡͷ뷨ϾʼԴ˲֪£ڼ䣬Ѳ֪ж޵˵أЩвٶرֻҲѱһˡ
յ蹦
ϫٿȻֹھǧ֮⣬ȻһԻ͡׳ֺޱȵ񹬡
ͨ⣬ɫأһ̾ڴ˵ĵķԵüΪڡ
ûԶϫܹܵһϢҲǾ̾ѣԴ⣬òܾ֮ɣ
ܿ죬Ʋʲôɫһ˲ö룬ӰһͳǹȫŲƶȥ


1687 ֮
һֺۻܾ֮ĹڣΪ󣬴ʥǷ
ȴһƬǽ壬𲻿أһսɱ֮ԼһǺǵѪϢ
ϫִʱһ۾Ϳ޺ۡ𾣡ˮ˾ǵѪУ˺ۣɫ԰װ
ΨȻãֻһǵһƬ԰ףü価ƣ
ԣڳϫִ֮ǰһս޺˽Զսˣ
ϫ
ϫִʱʱ޺ע⵽Ϊ֮һ񣬵
䵽ҵزʵЩˣռˡ
˺£
ϫЩǣüѣһ·ܹ˳Դ֮أҲԿ޺۵˰æ˴ҲѳΪѣ˿̿ѣϫҲΪŭܡ
һһƷۼѱˡ޺̾Ϣоǿɬζ
ϫУĿɨܣȻͿǴشһˮأһɫԣ籡һƾޱȵ֮
ϫûв´ˮӦþһƷԴ
ԴײǿյһƬȻ޺ԣеһƷۼǱߡ
óϫһվһ
֮ǰԭȵִ˵أһƷۼû룬Ƕȡʱȴܵũǵ͵Ϯ
Ȼһ龭һ飬зŭҲһΡ
û취ũһȣߵʵվ̫࣬¾ǳϫûгٵҲ޼¡
ΪΡ
ˣɫȻ޺۵ˣϫ죬ջûж˵ʲô
Ȼȴǿ˼סԳһЦΪû¶𣿡
ȳϫڣȻܼ򵥣ɱǣǷصʱҲüΪ⡣
ϫ룬ʱ׹
ףΪ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮǵ̫ͬѰԶһԵĹϴȳȻڡ
κһ˱ɱֻ»һϴŭɣũǻ壬ôˣȻΪ˸ΪصĴۡ
֮Ҳһ޺ռݾƣֻҲũˡ
ݡʵȵȷһ໥ǣơ
Ͼ˴˽ԶԵ˴֮仹˽¶ٺݣҲԲܸɳ顣
ǻһ޵ߣ³еĴҲˣΪۼҪԣǸ޷׵ġ
ʵ
ԳϫԣȴⷽĿǣԵ޺ϵһĻʱвŻ΢΢Щ֡
׹ףϫɲԼ׳ɰǱˣԴˣӲΪԷĳͱˡ

ǡأϫʵ
ֻҪԷδ뿪ʼԴлٰһƷۼ
οϫҲľʹԣӦŮۣҪֹұܷȡƷжȴȱʣɿܻˡ
ԣ޺۵˽ԶĬƲԸ
ɳϫע⵽ǵĿأԶͬһƳƳ
ǸλڴҲ࣬һƬǽ壬һ࿪һŻƽ档
ɵϫĿȥĵһۣʱͷ˲ͬѰ֮һŻһɻɬĲͨһĴŰ㣬ء
óϫһҪǰϸ̽Ѱ
ϫ
޺۳סһ˶ǵģһ԰ɡ
ϫüһô֪
޺ۿЦ֪ҲģʱɲܱŭͷԣУ³ֻ¡
û˵꣬˼ȴףԳϫĳũǾԸҺɱ
ϫȻζ̾˿һĨȻ֮ɫһӣóУңңݸ޺ۡȻˡ
Ʒ뿪ɡϫ˵һ㳯һŻȥ
޺ǵķӦһǿҵֱũһһǽ뵽ŻС

޺۽е֪һŻдʲôǴ֮ţǵڴ˵oӡһԴųƺǧɱ٣һߴһעɵ³
ϫһУŲͣ
֮ţ
ӡһԴ
ǧɱ٣
ܾ֮̾أῪٳһڣ
һɻӿ˳ϫͷ
ԭҵΪ֮žһ翵Ĵ˵˭Ҳû⣬˭룬ȷġ
޺̾ϢдһĨȻһĨʧ䣬֪ũΪλһƷۼ𣿡
ϫüѵΪ֮ţ
ЩţǿǾƷۼκһλǿ߶ԣϻʲôȴϧģ

޺ĿԶһŻ֮ţӡĻԴУпܹȾƷۼиǿĵ
ϫһ𣬵ôܣ
޺۵˽Զ̾Ϣ֮ǰҲϫ㣬ţ⵱һ翵Ĵš
ֱũĳط򿪴֮ţʱԭžȻģ
ƷΪƷΪƷΪۣ֪ĿԴǵۼǿ޷󡣡
޺һǣһ˵ԴУһΨһ˵ϵֻһ꣬߱ۻʹ֮ܣ
߱Դ֮֮Ϊۡ
߱Դ֮£֮λʡ
ºһΪ֮ʣ
һ굮ڴ֮ڵĵҲۻʵųԲϣ߱Ψһ֮ܣڽʱպȻΪϹеһ뢣Х䣡
޺һһ٣ڲһιƾõóϫҲһĨ𺳡
ۻʵ
˭ǾƷۼ֮ϣ֮
ˣũܽһƷۼøұܷ򣿡޺۴ǷһĨ֮ɫ
ǼȻųΨһһֱδ˷־ȡϫüЩɻ
˭֪أ
޺۵˽ԶϾԭǶΪһ翵ĴţɸûʼԴоȻĴϹ屦ˡ
ϫ˵ͷ
ϫĪҪȥգĲũǣҪ֪Ǵ֮гǧɱ٣һߴɵ³
ȫǻһͬذɡ
ƶϣũǽУҲȻżգʱĿܡ
һ̣Ȼ𾣡ˮҲȰϫԸһȥա


1688 ά
ϫĬƬ̣Ц˵ô˵Ļũǽ֮źҲܺ˳ܻһۻʼԴˣ
Ȼӹɵġ
޺۵˵֮ڳǧɱ٣νǲɱޱȣʱĿܣԲô״ˡ
޺۵˽Զа̾ѣһ仰֪ϫѾ޷Ȱ衣
ϫĿһɨˣ湰ֵλһ·չˣлˡ
޺̾Ϣֵ˰ˣȻһ͸Ͻȥɡ
ϫأ
ҪСġ
㣬ǧһҪ
Ȼ𾣡ˮ׷׿ڡ
ϫ˵ͷȻһЦӰһһԾ̤뵽һŻУʧ
һ𾣺Ȼ̾˿ȴ֪˵ϫЩʲôá
ץʱ޸ƣһϫʱʲô⣬ҲԼʱȻӯӯһƬᶨ
ҿϫһ˵пܳɹǱˣ֮ǰũǴԲѵ˵ϫձ٣ǿϫһﲻǻúúõ𣿡޺ȻһЦ
һܴһͨİݣ֤Ĳ
һֱĬԵˮ˿Ҳڡ
һ仰ʱ޺۵ӿһĨпʱʶϫһȷκһ˿ɱȣܹԴһݣ󼰡


һһŻϫ͸оһ½磬ȥϼ죬Ѥʢض
ϫУӦ˴˵صĻ
ǰģɢԶĵ;ǧ顣
ÿһ·һִ塣
ɫľ֮
ɫĻ֮
ɫˮ֮
ڡ
гֳġСǹ⡢硢ȵĴ
̫ˣ
飬޲һԭʼĴϢ籡ԹԵʥޱȡ
˵رǱӡĻԴˡ
ϫĿ⿪֮䣬â뵣ǿգϴܣδżж
ǰһĻ޺ۿԵġǧˣһͳƣʵ̺֮
˵أ̺ǧеɱ٣ƲɱũҪȡһΨһۻʼȻͬҪȴǰһˡ
ϫ˼жϳǰһĻͬһؿ飬ѡκһ;ؽһ;ɱ
ɱȻͬСˣ
һĻȴʵ˳ϫϣжϳƷ
ΪѰٵһ֮һ̤ʱʱ֮䣬ŲƣǰľȻΪ֮һ䡣
еĴ֮·Զʧֻʣǰһ·ѷǴķ֮;
һɲǼ䣬ϫܸܵһϣŲʮִ壬סǳڰ
ֻҪյĴ壬һһֲںһ·ϣ
óϫвһݣ衣
¡
¡
ϫʼǰУŸ͸ܵһ־޴ѹһһɽѹϡ
裬㱻һѹ֮õ˳ȥѪһ󷭹
ϫһסֳѹ
һ·ϣǰʱֳɽ籩Хǳ䡢ⰵȵȿɲ
ϫ֪ûƻģҡ־ѹϵĴ֮õһϢĸо
ϫûֹתȫΪȣȫԸ˷Իѹ
·ֱ޾ͷԽѹԽ
ֱϫÿнһͷһ󲻿ظĦԱŽҲ
ϫӲ֧ʮ֮ãĬĬţһнǧأֱ񣬷ɿ·ľͷ
һ̾ɫȴء
֮ԭʼľһ͵زڸвԴԴϵزԼֵܼڣ
⻹ǻʵԲ޵ߣֻѱɳȥ֪ˣ
ũڴʱʲôţ
ܿ죬ϫҡͷԺʱЩظɲʱ
꣡꣡
ȥһ죬ϫһͷѺۣҪ
ϫƺһܵһֳǵʹ
̧Զ·ƣδܹͷ
ЩüȥԼٲɡ
˼ãҧҧϫٴ̧⻹ļޣ浽Σʱ̣ԻŤͷء

¡
һյ蹦󣬳ϫ͵һ˿Ѫգͷžһ죬Ҫױѡ
һֻ̣㣬ɫȴѿޱȣһ·δ̫ɲԼΪֵֻܼȵزũǰеģ
ˡ
ڴʱڳϫʶУнȻһͷųһɻɬĲ
ϫ϶ʱ쳹һ֮ǵش˷ඥ
ͬʱһɹȶĴ֮ӿȪˮƵĽϫ֫ٺÿһ缡С
һ̣ϫģһȪоɵѹȡʹͻȻ䱻һɨգǼѵĹڴ˿̶类ܴһ飬ɫԡ
ڻԴУڴ˿̷ܵٻ㣬ųϫȫ£ͨͣӨӨ⣬Եʥޱȡ
ϫ˲ö룬ϥתʼ
֮еĿ飬ȻһĥҲһֻԵ
Ȼһж벻нİ

ڳϫͬʱ֮еһ

һӡصĻͭգصͼͷųһѪɫ⣬ɢ˷
ũһڻ֮ͭɫޱȡ
ô£
ũŤͷüһࡣ
˿̵࣬ͷ󺹣һĽУ̾һֻԼĪĴָСͨڣģΪĳӡ
˳Ϊ֮棬ǧ࣬ѾֶδӳʼԴѰٵ
˳ΨһãܹѰһۻʼΨһ
ƺʲô֮澹޷֪ˡྪɲ
˻һøҲɫһ
䣡
ڴʱһڻͭ͵ؾһһ
һܷɣ͵һѪ
˼ˣһɫ
ڴΪѪӣһޱȵ鱦
Ҫǣ鱦ͬѪܹεĴѹ֮Ҳ֮ϣЩһ·˳нˣоյرܿɱա
ɴʱ֮棬ѪӾ뷢⣬ũһ˶ʱеЩ


1689 ʥͼ
ˡ
ѪӰϣͷųһѪɫԿҪɢ
ļֱţʧе֮ڿ϶ĳ䣬ҵıԲ˲
ǱȻģΪһֹ̣Ѫӣе֮棬ҲԷá
ɫ²͸ղ֮оʲô
ȴһʧȥѪӵķ֮·ǾͱȻҪԿһ·ϵɱˣ
Ǵ֮·
һ£ˣÿƿŲ֮ͬҲζţһ·ϣҪյдѹ֮
ǵ֪ϢԹ񣬿ɻûһܹƾʵӲ˵صģ
ˣһۻʼڲ֪ǰͱߣĻȵߢ
ô죿

ǵıɣҴ·
һ̣ũȻһзһĨȻĳ
һȻͿṳ̃ǰһӡ
ˡ
һƤڿգȻ⣬Ʈɢһо
ƤоǸֳӰԶɫϣڵأڳʥ
ͬʱһƮÿһأܻһҳӡһɬģᣬȻԹ⡣
Ľɫܻ꣬ҳĵģһʱ֮䣬Ƭؼ䣬ƮŸּ쳹оԶʥڽ
ǵ龰񼣣𺳣ֱ޲ϥأȥ̻
ʥͼ
˽Զסţǵصһ鱦˱ԭǻеһƤoطƣ֮ˣʥ֮Ѫ֮ǿ󣬿죡
ǰƾ˱һڵ򿪴ټҵͻͣһֱ
йش˱ܣĴţӹɣ֮ӵн֮ҵʹ˱Ҳء
ũǽ˱Яʱ˱𺳣оӿһǿҵţܲѣҲףũΪ˴һ;һۻʼԴҲȫ׼
λ߰ɡ
ܵΧĿ⣬ũ΢΢һЦڷԸһ䣬̤ǰȥ
ˡ
ʥͼ⣬ģ쳹оĺ
һɢ׽ǵ;ӿѹ⣬Եޱȡ
˼ˣһܣʥͼγܴһؿ

¡¡
һƬУϫϥڳȻԣܻһصķĻƲݣʢޱȡ
ɫͨĪһԭʼĴϢʹĵ
УƿأҲǳһͷԾԵò˼֮
ǻԴĴ֮϶ԭʼ޽ӽڱԴ֮ϡ
Ϊһض֣ת֮֮棬쾭γ֮
е򷨣ڻ籾Դ
֮УǱçʱһoӡһƬԴеĴ֪֮кε֮ϡԭʼ
Ϊн춯óϫʱԵɺ֮£һɴ֮壬ΪҲǴлĪôˮǴߡ
¡¡
ȣתڣϵԴһֱʱ
ϫٴ۾ʱ类һ飬ھѨ뵣趼ŽӲӵĹ󣬾֮
ƿصķֻ֮һߣԴӡСɡز롰ɡ磡
磬žСɡɡԲĸ󾳽磬ÿԽһ磬ѻɬޱȣȷӵ졣
һԣ񾳴ڣܹΪɡزѾϾһµǿߣֻӵССɡزΪ
񣬳ϫƾԲΪܰΪزѾ㹻ƵǾס
츳پ޵𣬷дԵҲ޷ִһ
û뵽˴δؾøʵ־࡭ϫ仯Ҳ̾
һж͡Ѳϵн֮ɾ޷ԼȻԵˡ
οǡܾ֮أ
һϫٴǰС
֮ǰͬ˵ʱʱ̿ɳ˷Ŀֲѹ֮ϫǲη塣
ܹԸоԼңʵ֮·ǰʱԼԵøӴݲȡ

·ãã޾ͷǡ֮·Ѱٲյںη
֪ȥ
ϫٴθܵһɿֲޱȵѹ·Ĵ֮ԽԽǿ
䣡
أǰһ壬ɣһƿ׵磬һ֣һ͵سϫ
ǵе۳ΣΪo֮Ҫֹϫǰ
ϫһУ̲ס𶯣֮Ѿ߱ԣδ̫ɲ
ء
֮ԿɽһͱûѪĵˣѪ
óϫһѾ֮߱Ϊ̫ϽҶ֣һͷĹֱѺ֮ûʲôˣ
ǿ
ȳϫӦһͷٴɱƿ׵磬ܻΪǹꪡɽӡױǳأݺѹϫҪ촷ۡ
УƾϫսǺм֮ƵĿѪͷ㱻ɢܣǱ
̫ǿˣ
˵ͷ֮еҲеһڣ
ϫа֮࣬еĿδҲ̫̬񾳴ˣῸסȴѹɣ
ֲԹܶһۻʽԴȲп̵Ŀǰĸܺȥ
¡
׵ϣܻΪױڴ˻ɱ
ϣ
ϫ䱦ͭǮ
ǡȡЧ΢
Ϊ˴֮ʵ壬䱦ͭǮǿ󣬾޷κζԷ
ϫּ˱Ǻųܹ֮ˡ֮켣޷ȡЧǳϫ޼ƿʩˡ

λƵĴڿգһͷʱסóϫһԼҶԷˡ
ˣһ龹ǻһչһ˴
ϫܷɣ͵ֿȳһѪɫò԰

ϫɫǱܣһжɾͳױˣǡλǰһɱ٣
¡¡
һͷ󲽶ûзһ˿ԳϫĴѹ
ϣ
һɲǣϫ͵һҧʶенһȥ
Ѿ޼ƿʩֻнһԣٲУǾ̵ֻͷˡ
ˡ
˵һĻˡ
ȾѪнһ֣Ʈһƻɬ꣬һһΪ룬׵üֱ˺һֽѴ֮


1690 ̨
¡
һ֮£һͷɵԴ鱻һնΪɸߵȻΪɢ١
ϫʱסендΪ𶯣û뵽˽ƣ⼣߲ȴܷӳ˿ɲ
֪˽ӵ֮ܣһ·ǰֺ˼ѣ
ĬƬ̣ϫһ𣬸нǰȥ
κһǳܻ֮ǳӿ֣ƿһſǳ֮ףϫɱ
һɲǳ֮һſǳɱһ˵ƣ̼óϫӲϢû⣬϶Ҫ٣һɡ
ǣ˿̳ϫнһ𣬹Юһɻɬԣһ˲֮䣬ͽһ顣
ᣡôΪλ䣡һ˿̾У״ƾ֮
Ȼӵ˻۸ͼ䣡ϫ𺳣е˵طͬѰ
ûеֽɱȥ
ϧǳܻѲɲ֮ʧӶݶȥӳϫ
Ȼ˵֮һУȻ͡Īˣϫˣ϶ԼĴ⡣
ৣ
ϫתΪֽɱн
ʱͷ֣һ;ϴڵѹ֮׾飬ɢһգ޷Լκε谭
ָоֱƽûʲôޱȡ
ͬʱϫҲǷ֣ԼֳнǰУһ·Ͼδһɴܻ֮
ǵˣУЩѹ֮Ȼ׷ױ飬ȴδɢƹ꣬Լ׾ȡתΪ֮Ե쳣֮
óϫһ𶯣Դ⣬Ī֮ţǵӡ
ˣԼڴ˿̻֮


ܳϫ룬һ·ϣһƱĴϢ޲ȡΪΪһ֡
һУγһĪԵ
ֱϫоԼҪ֮һֱҪĸо
ϫЩ˼ǣ£ԼǡСɡزΪȴٳ޷̤롰ɡز
Ͳһߣ
ȴǵһ㣬بóϫʱףԼȻ߱㹻ֵ֮ȴȱһͻƵ
ȫ޷ģҪȥ
һ㣬ϫЩǰС
ʵΪΪԶѴﵽһֱӯĳ̶ȡ
֮߱Ѵﵽܴﵽļޣͻƣֻһ·ߣǾǽ
񾳣
ȥʵҲһ˿
нĹʶϫԴҲޱȣе޵ߣܹԼȼģǼѰ٣
ǽһУǳ˳ϫϡ
Ϊһ·ǰУȻΪΪѴﵽһּƿУһ̨ȴ𽥷ű仯
񣬱пٳһ̨Ĵڡ
̨ͷŵĿͬ޵ַ˲ͬΣϫٳ̨߱ŵ⣬Ǳ߱ˡ𡱵ǱܡѾеǱܡ
Ƿ֮ǰǿߣ޲ǿٳŵ֮иߵͣȫۺսĲͬˡ
̨֮߱ŵĴڣ̤еļޣĴڡ
Ȼ˿̣ڳϫУϼȡһ֮һһֱ̨ϣŵڵ⣬һںϵף
ŵ⣬ȻϺڰף˴ȫͬңӦ̨ܣѾܡ
񣬳ϫ̨еľŵȴ𽥷ںϣʱƣѿҪֲ˴ˡ
žŹһ
ŵ⣬˿̱γһ֡һƣ
Գϫļʶ޷ֱ仯ʲô
ӹɣֱ仯ĲԸܵԼڲ׳Լĸ֪־õһĪ棡
ʵ֮һɱ䣬һҴĽͻƣѳˡ𡱵ķ룡
һ̣ϫҲסܣһĨϣһб仯ϣԼսεȲΣ

Ѿȥʮˣһ˿ϢҲûУ
ļûũͬδ֤ϫδ١
˵Ļϫɾ̫˲ˣһ˰Ȼܹ治֪һ﾿Ǵðġ
ǵ˵İǧǰͬûڷ֮Уȴһ£Ժ֮Ϊһħϫ뵱֮ȣҲˡ
ô˵ϫĪпܻΪڶ
ÿ˶ÿ˵·ҪߣϫǳϫӹɣԶֲ֪Ŀ
У޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮһ߾ĵȺһߵ̸ἰϫʱɫ֮Զڸп֮ɫ
˭Ҳû뵽·ϲżӪˣçŻչֳҫ۵ĹâֱͬһĨƲǣ޷ȥӡ
ৡ
֮ʱȻһӰٿ֮䣬һ֮ͨ·Żǰ
һϮ°ɫɮ£̤âЬֳֿľȣɫ񾲣žһɼ㡢ݡ͵ϢȻڷ֮λеķʥϣ
ڳϫ֮ʮ֮ڴ˿̲ŵִҹһˣģҲҪ̤֮С
޺۵˲жֻҲԶԶ޷ũһˣԼϫˣΪλ
ϣѾûлˣ°ɣ̲סе
Ե춨һδĻ̸ֺһ˵ƽڣͷҲûء
ǡǿǴ֮ţɱأü
лѡϻ˵Ӱȴһ˲ϢʧһŻС
֮ƫִȻҡͷ
ɱСУɽҪأеӼ̤䣬ϴΪѰҴֻҲ̤ɽţ˿ũʵɾԲСˡ
޺ɫ棬һĨȻ˵ΪϫһУ
˻һҲԶһݣ˼С

֮С
ԼĴǰĬãȻϷһĨ΢Ц
֪ԼĻã
Ȼпľȼ˫ֺʮ΢΢ף϶һţһʼǰС
ӷ𡣡
ӷ𡣡
ӷ𡭡
һһķɫɢ˷Ͻ£һһ̨ʢţƷԡ
һ̨ӰˮٿȻȥʼգȻûκ谭һ㣡
ǵ龰޺۵˿ǲԼ۾ɡ


1691 ޹
ϫȻ֪ԼǷ׷ũǵĲ
ͬҲԼǰеʮԷڵʥϣҲ̤֮Уһ·н衣
ֳнһ·ɱУδͣٹŲ
ţ
һ죬ϫȻоµ·òͬʼߣڲǸߡ
̧ʱͿڵ·ǰֳһɽ
ɽ̫ߴһƬӲӵУڲ֮ϣΡ
ĪǱǵ·ͷ
ϫһԨһĨĹ
ݲɽ֮ߣһΨһۻʼ֮أ
ûͣЪϫʼɽ
¡
֮ǰͬµ·ֹǱöͣѹȶĴ֮ҲȻÿֲ
һɲǣնŤ裬һ޵oӰӸ֡
ǻƿ棬̤𺣣ˮΣ£ǳ
һЩˣеĴƤ£صͼڴ࣬еϼսףʣʥޱȡ
ÿһӰȻޱȣȴ죬һ˾ηϢǣ翴çʱҪĤݣ
ϫһһɲҲľ⵽ʱһȺĴڣ
ĪǣǾǵһڻУܾڴ˵o
ϫע⵽ЩӰԶãԷȴһԭʼϰϢǴôԶ
䣡
ȳϫӦһƬ𺣺գɱ£ҪӰУٻһա
һֲ̫ϣӯϵĻܻ֮Ϊķ˼
ϣ
ʶأϫӶнһХ񱩣°͹̵ĽԽ籡
Ľʽ
¡¡
𺣺ͺХԿԣХʮ
һɲǣϻ𺣱ѹ飬ŽһƿӰû
ᣡʽ⡭һ͸žŭĴ𴫳ţƬ̣ͱһȫûǡ
ϫȻƾԼȻܻǶ֣ȫΪԼенӳ˳ܡ
ᣡ
ᣡ
çס
һǿɲһֳoӰƾŭг⾪֡ɺ޵
һĻóϫһɲǼжϳЩoӰƺǵڴ˵һoǡĳˣ
ǳˣڴˣĪǱѹڴˣ
ɱ
СϿ϶
ɱҵȣҪçűԴеĥҵս꣬ϧˣҵΪսӴԪܹĥģ
Щoŭ𵴾ʮأԵ쳣ɲ
طϫֻĶˣЩӰһһδĥս꣬Ϣȴޱȣµѹ𣬿֪кεǿ
ǽɱϫõһ׹ߣϢС
̫ɲ
˭뵽ؿĥ֮󣬱ΪյԵֿɵʱȴһȺֲڣ
˭뵽Ὣ˶սѹڴˣ
֮ǰϫڸпһ·ѱȵ죬ֲԹδܹһۻʼ
һĻףԼС˴˵صĿɲЩһֱδĥս꣬κ޵߸е
¡¡
һֿɲϵбա
Щѹڴ˵սȻ֣ԶҪɱϫԱѹڴ˵ĳޡ
һɲǣϫͷƤ飬ֻʶƴԼתн֮Կ
ˡ
һԲĻ֣ԲиɻӯӨ֮ѭУһڱĻϫ
Բʽ
Ľǿķʽ
񱻳ϫнʩչһɬصϡ
ء
һһֲײ쳹ʢԱŽԲĻ𶯣ʼδ顣
ԭеĳϫȻһԼЩţоͱһܵ䣡
ڸȷԡԼĽЩսžԵѹã
ǵսѹԼΪнΪĽֻͽκΣ
Բʽ
ɶ񣡡
ӣȻĴˣ
ЩսӰŭУӿ˵˼¡
ɴʱĳϫȴͬеһʯƾˢԿȻ
ǵ龰ȷǿǷ˼˼֮
޵߿һĻǾ°ͣѳϫһλӵͨܵĴﲻɡ
ֻгϫһжǰݡͣ

һ̵ĳϫоһɨգһȡηǰ
ৣ
нãһĨ⣬ȥ٣һĥ޷׽ζٶȲ˼Ŀ졣
ʽ
һȡȥ⡱һ˿غһ翲ڤڤϢ
ۣ
һɲǼ䣬һսӰͱĨɱ̫ͻأѸݣҽжûü˾ͺȻ꣬ʧ
ˣͬʱһƿˮս֮䣬ﶳᣬʱҲͲ
أ
ϫٴһ䣬׼£һ֮£ɴ佫Ϊ룬ӶԷüĶ
ţʽ
Ҷţ㾫׼ڵԵ£ܳߣ
ɱ
һ̣ϫٱУչһ̤ɽ·н꣬һݺصĽ
ԡĽȫУϫһȫóǵɱ񣬷ɱҡ
һʱ֮䣬ɽ·Ͼŭײ
һ̿ʼϫǰеĲûͣһΣ

ڳϫʼɽ֮۲ϵʱһƬУũһҲɽ¡
Žµ·ʼöͣԶڲ֮ϣΡޱȵĽɫɽһɫҲܡȡ
ɽ
Ǵç֮һֵɽ
çʱ˵Ծç֮һնɱǧУЩսϤӡѹڴˣҪǵĥҲ֪Ǽ١
ģ˵ç֮Щ֣ĪӴ˼Ԫһӵжȡ컯֮ΰաȴֵܵסç֮һ
Թԣôǿ
ǿ̤ռ֮·Ĵų㲻࣬ټĵ֮УҲϧΪѰ֮·Ҳǳʧ¹ȥҲδ
˲δżǰУԶ£ũڽ
ŷ֣ũֹ׼ֶγ֣ƶçеһҲϤ֮䣬ǵһǰһ
֣˵һۻʼǷɽۣ֮ұܷ˼
Ȼũͷ˵ţһóһ޹ƣƾǵɽʱԻΣˡ
һӣĿⶼһ޹ơ


1692 
ö޹ԼĪƴСַĽΣͨ徧Ө͸һɴĻ
棬ֻ׭һ֣ʷУ͸һ˵֮⡣
ԶԶһ۾һʹâüģޱȡ
˽ԶһݣƿͨԳԴֱ֮ʣһĨ⣬ɱ˫ֱﵽ˺ŵĵز
żȻç֮лãȡԻޡⳡ֮ƶɣϵġ֣ç֮׭̣ӡһ˿ֵǴ˴ǰçŻ棬ҲǶȻὫϡ֮ｻˡ
ũ赭дһ䣬ܵΧĿʱǲһĨ޵΢Ц
ǵ̣
ڣڳ˽Զ򶥼УⷽҲûȡ
֣﾿к̲סʵ治ѡ
ũЦЦȻ̧ͷָԶһ֮µĹɽϣѹŵç֮ɱһǿoս꣬䱻ڴ£һʵȴǿ߶Ҫǿ֣۾Ŀɲڡ
һȻѣԶû뵽ɽ֮Ͼ˺ŵɱˡ
ǿ۾ڰ
Щۣ˸е;
ƣǵɽʱԻɱ٣ֻҪλЭܹȻ̤ɽ֮ߣ
ũƣһſаȵϾ֮ɫ
û֪Ϊ˶ȡһۻʼ׼̫̫࣬Ѫʹۡ
£ұܷһΪ
еԴ֮桢Ѫ·
еʥͼԼһ޹ơ
һпףɱ󸶳ĴۺѪ˭֪
񣬳ɹũҲǽסӿһĨͼҪɹˣԼȡһۻʼʱ˭ܺԼ
ڷ֮񾳵ڶλ
У
һǿҲһçˡ
һ֮λҹ
ѹԼһͷɵȽ֮󣬿ɲɻˣ
뵽⣬ũһλʼжɡ
˵ţһȣȳɽ·ȥ
˽󣬺ܿʧããɽϡ

һյʱ
һһʢİȻʢţɽ¡
ȻһϮ°ɫɮµķʥϽ̤ƮȻ
ʮ֮ţֻһߣ׷˲
һУһ漣㣬š
ԣɫһ񾲡㣬ž
̧ΡޱȵĽɫɽãŻף˫ֺʮĬĬѡһš
ƲҸ־ˡ
Ȼɫϣóһյơһšһۡһ飬Լһ𾭡
ȼơ
ϥϡ
ʢǰ
˫ֺʮһ鲦ָ֮䡣
һУɫϡׯϣȻɢһ⣬Բ͸
ǰһԶһҳҳͷųһɺ⣬ҫʮأ
һоƮ֮䡪
סΪסӦסġ
޳һнԿࡣңΪ֡
ԵԵԵ𷨣˵ǿգ
ҼңִңңʽղೣפبŴ桭
ԽԽ󣬶ˣ类һֻδסͨɽ֮ߵɽ·ϡ
ܣҡҷԣ鲦֮䣬״ܣ籡⣡
һ·ϣʱһoӰδͱһûڣвҽвݣɢӡ

ţ
ɽ·ϣũﱬһԣƸ֪ʲôɫһߵԭǷʥ֮û뵽ϵЩֶΣλӵλĴһˣ
һ
ǷӦũֵҪģץʱ䣬ҺǾɱ˱ǣ

úķһ࣬ϫһǰһͷսӰնɱü
Ҳܵһ𵴾ķֻǷʥϸϵˡ
óϫһݣһϣ͵ڶһټũһˣȻпᡣ
ֻܼӿŲˡ
һϫʱϣʼȫ̡
֮ǰΪ˼ȡһ·ϵĴϢں̨еľŵ⣬һֱһֺ㶨ٶȡ
Ȼѹ˲Щˡ

һ̵ĳϫ绯ΪһУƿ谭ҡϣɿ쳯ɽ֮߿
һ·սӰԶϫенݿɱɢ޿âߡ
һ
ڵִɽۣһɲǣϫҰбһƬãã⣬һһմƺһԾڿա
ϸȥǺȻһͷһͷ޴ޱȵڣ
ʮͷ̻ڲ֮ϣͷųʢҫ۵Ĺ⣬ƺءɽȾɽӲӵɫ嫣׳ޱȡ
ܿ죬ϫע⵽ǲĽڣһصܻ
һɽ봣ŵһϵĽͨԶǽɫשʯԡ⣬Ʈء
ϫǣϽoѵһƬҩ԰üԶһĴƮƮ
һɲǣϫͨⶼһ泩궼һȸԾɡ
óϫʱһϢӵɷѰܹ֮ӵеġ
ǹϽоʲôĪǱһؼΨһһۻʼ
һ뵽⣬ϫбӿһĨԶƵļĿɨܣֲûǰִҲ˵ũͷ֮ǰһִ˴˵أ
ȾʱϫĿܻԼˣӰһҪǹϽڳȥ
Ȼڴʱ䶸Ȼ
ڵˣ
Ǵеǿ𣬽̿գʮԲ֮ƣܣе󣡡
ţǡϫ
ôȻǰߣ
һӵ˴һӰƿնȻũһˡ
ԭʲôɵԶŵĳϫʱʱĿһ
һ̣ϫҲȻֹа̾ðȻǰȻᱻЩһ͵Ϯˡ
Ȼ
ũԿǹұܷ硢𡢽ģȷϳϫݵһɲǣɫԶӾޱȡ
ǵģеκһˣҪôڳϫгԹҪôͳϫ֮ϸ𣬸Ҳһͳϫ޹ϵģ
ģڸյִçŻʱ㱻ϫɱ
࣬ڴǰ˵صһ·ϣνӴϫҪˣȴϫһδξܾ
ͽҰڳϫУԿҲһνʱϫһˡ
ũ֮ǰһƷʱҲͳϫ֣ȴδκγϫ
ʣµ硭Ȼضᡣ
ԣǿϫŻ˲ƽ


1693 ͻ
û뵽ϫһɱ谭ʵһͨİݵġ
Ҳû뵽һҴ֮ŵġ
û뵽ǣûбǴ֮еɱĨɱ֮ǰɽۣ֮
һжԵ˲˼飬ţʶڿϫʱ鲻ֹ޷ƽҸһȻ˼
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôһ·նɱѾǧ࣬òײƾֶӲɱϫһ˷ǰߣ
޷ƽ⡣
ǣũһУ֮ǰͳϫһìܺͳͻһ̣³ɺ޼һɲƽӿУɫҲø죬֮
Ⲣη塣
һţԽܵ
һߣϫһˣԭȻ鿪ʼһĮȻ

ʮͷչᣬſշɶݣҫ۽âɽۡƺһԻ͵Ľɫ
ɽ룬ϵׯϻֺ룬ԶԶһƷꡣ
ԭ͡ʥɴʱȴЩţһֽŵĽζ
ũüëЦǣû뵽ȻܻŴ
Կɺ֬Ĵڼˣûͺãҿһֱźһأ
ұܷüȻ㣿겻ɢ
ȻѣǵĴμɣɰ
һԹм֣ϫ
һɲǣǼͬʱڣ˵ݲͬԶһĨ⡣
һڣǱ˴Ҳ΢΢һû뵽ԭҲƺͳϫ֮йڡ
ǽԶüǾƲǲ̲ס˴һʶԷͳϫַ֮ĳͻˡ
ͨһ㣬֪ϫһԭֹԼԼҲһǸ
ֻ𡢽ûпڣǰߵɫˮĿеĳ޸Ȼҡ
磬ɫֻʱ΢΢һ£ͻָĬԣһĲɵģ
ͱ˵Ļɫĵ⣬ϫɫδʲô仯ΨĿʱײУ㼴Ų
ʼգһԲͬδ¶κһ˿η͵ӣɫԵĮˡ
һˣȴҵУǸ˵ɼأǿ֪
ũƿڣһʤȯյģϴαһƷƷΣĪ㻹һۻʼ
һ㶣Щ⣬û뵽ϫ˴󵨣ũôັ
ϫǷһĨũ۾˵ϹЩ˲ˡ
ũЦЦĿȴǱһƬҿҵĶòΪƾһ֪ðĶҲʸǽɣ
УѴһŨŨǶԳϫݵһڮٺ衣
˻һ˽ԶݸȻųϫɫĮдһĨм
ԵÿУλ磬ӵǱܣ԰һˡ
Уһ̵ĳϫ͸һֻֻܱƵģεӰֻЦ
ȻϫսȷܲףԻеͽΣ
Ҫ֪߿ɻũұܷټֻ֣¾ڷ֮һҹˣҲֻݱܷâָοһϫ
ԴǣԼɫʵ飬ϫѼʶ˲֪ٴΡ
һʱԵһ֡Ȼ֮޹ʼ֮ŭĴǡ
˵ˣʼտûдǽ
գϫֻҡҡͷƽǾ͸ţûʲô𣬸οҲִ
һ仰ûũǶŭԶһЦƵģôЦ
Ǹоͺһл˵ʵ۲Լƽƽһǲ㶼Ϊϫˡ
Ψ紽Ƕ˶ʲô£зһĨȻ˱Ĭˡ
֣˵ôʲôȥɱⲻ֪ߵغĶ˷ʱ䡣
ԿЦһзһĨѪķ֮ɫϫ֣ϴûܺʹʹһұһӻһΣ˵ʲôҲܷŹˣ
͸֮ɫ
ϫüëȻЦˣһ棿Ҳá
һɲǣϫһ䣬磬һ⡣

ڴʱũȻڣ۾˳ϫһԸͽλ͵Կһ֣ȡһٽˡ
Ը˽ԶЩ⣬оũ̫غСġ
ǵԿǲõߣһ˱㹻ˣ
˵ʱͷ÷սѪڣ͵һ˺ʱգϫɱȥ
Ǻ
һѪɫ䵶ʣѪڿգЮĿԣȻѹȥ
СԿȡ
¡¡
ѪɫܻħŭƣѪĿɲֱҪնƣѪɫг١
һѽΪ֮񾳵ʮƷӵ쾡£ȻԿƽʵҲδ⣬һ֣Ѷȫ
ãһﲢδԴ⡭ũͷԿɱС
һ̣ɲɱϯϫԣȴһƱɵһ㡣
һĨѪɫҪִرһâһ̡
ϣ
һĨն
ţʽ
ֻǰһصһһѪɱµĵȻ飬Ϊ
Ȼ󣬵ԿӰһʮɽݺײһǣһָٶȵɳȥն飬պȻ׹أͷ죬ڱѪ
˻𣬴ʹоŭ˼£ôܣ
Ҳͫһ㲻š
һж̫죬ûϫγģڵĵԿ㱻һɳȥֱ̫˼
ǿɲԿǼʱһҪ

ŭУԿ͵س˫ѪɫһѪħ񣬳׷ˡ
޷һУΪԼǴ⣬ʶƴֶΣҪս
ৣৣ
һ̣ũѣͽҲǻһۣԵĿұ£ϫл
Ҳȥ
ũƳһߵģԸղһҲһ˿ɣҵ
ĽԶɣǿɲΪԼǳϫˡ
죡
ũüҺܷʲô
пһ֪޷ƴǣӲͷƤվսС


1694 ǳ
䣡
һΣǵԿɱ˿ħѪɫ䵶Ʋ񷣬ܻһѪɫӰ
ǧͷѪѻ˻죬ЩݶΪѪѻȾѪצ棬͸һѪ档
ңǶѪɫɱضڱΣƺˡ
ƣ
ϫ³һ֣нԣܻһƬ֮󣬺¡¡ѹȥ
׾٣㽫ǧͷѪѻûͬԿ˶㱻һɽϯǱܶˡ
Կŭһսϴʱǿ̫̫࣡š
ͬʱͽɱ
ϴβҰܽѵ˴˿̸һ֣ѼɱﵣȫԲ

ֳһǾɱǾ⻬͸ӡһɫ̫ڷ⣬ӳճһƴ棬ϫɱ£
ž
һɲ鱦Ī⣬ڳһŽ磬ܹԱմȾͻᱻڹžУýѣ
һ࣬һӻ죬һҡԣɲ֮䣬һҡ󣬺ȻƬ򸲸ǡ
ӻ죡
ͬһ˲õ鱦֮ʢž
һɲǣرλȫʩչΪ֮ɫ䣬ʱհ𵴲ݡ
ɽȻһϽֻⷽԲʮɽѱ촷Ϊˡ
¡¡
ʢϼӿžͷŵɫ棬ӻ칹һٽƬǬû
ۼϫҪ֮ǣʱϫӰʧ
һ̡

һ̶ޱȵ쳹Ȼǳоɲ֮꣬˷䣬ɱ˼£ɫȫиɢ
ϣ׻ȳһѪžһҲȻѡ
ͬʱһҡûüתȻһ䣬ƳԶĽɱȥ
ʣһӾý͹ŭƴƵĻӶеӻ졣
գһնյڰкȻ飬ýһѣֻʱǱ亹͸ͬļ²ѡ
һɲ֮䣬ƶȻãԶũ͹ұܷҲһ¶һĨء
ɱ
ɱ
أȴɱ
ֻʱϫѲٱӦԣɫһƬɱӰһǰ
䣡
һն
ĸǲһûͷ֪ѶٸɳƵģݺݵɳȥʹҺѡ
λз֮ʮĳϫԣֱˡ
֮󣬳ϫûͣӰһۣ̤ߴʱ֮䣬Ƶĳ嵽ǰ
ѣϴҿǸӣŷŹһȴ飬ΪУʵʧ
ĮĻﴫУ̼һ£Ҫ˵ʲôһĨɱ
ŵôһûеֵܶȥҲĺ󳾡
ϫս̫ǿǴμʱֵĻҪǿ̫࣬δս־ѱ塣
ಢδӶݣҲΪһũ͹ұܷ
ֹԿ𡢽ͬûӶݴ㣬ԭһޡ
Ψ̫أ޷ս

սڳ
Ʊûңλ֣ҲǸ޷κγϫ֣ɱĽڽڰˡ
һ̵ĳϫչ¶Լķâ˻ԣܻΪطĲܣʣɱ֮𶯾֮
ʼգնɱÿһӲ
һĻũұܷɫҲﺮ˸ɲ
̫ǿˣ
ԤǿֱʱҲڸȷԷڽ֮·ϣѴﵽһּΪɲĸ߶ȡ
ֹˣΪ磬ǿò˼飬Ƕᵽһ˿ѹ
֮һ̣ſʼӳϫ
ƺڵ
ȻұܷջĿ⣬ƳһԵ磬ղע⵽ưһ֮ǰΪϫڵģ
ײһ΢΢ҡͷ
ùұܷüһзһĨɭ䣬类ŭʨ
ɾڴʱһԵũȻڣὣԭˣֲһ·нˣȻǻç֮佣
У͸һ𾪣һ⣬š
ұܷһǱὣ
Ҳ֪ὣ˿ҲǶݲѡ
Ǳԭɣһ׷ç֮սѳӵ˲˼֮ɾ֪˽ç֮뿪ʱѲ֪٣У
ũɫأâܣԵЩɻ
ɫһܷѣֻҳһ´ˡ
ұܷȻ̧ͷͿսУԿ𡢽ѱϫɱɾֻܱмܣһ˲أȥƬ̣Ȼ
ӡսǳϣȷѾ߱սҵͣȷͬʱ֣ұܷü
սپˣһδȡ֮ǰС
ũһڣϡ
ϣ
ұܷһݣ˵ͷ
°ɣ
ũ󲽶һӣ¡һɫ׵ӿգܰ˷һƬս֡
һüΪͻأǿӵɱǬ֮˲Ӳ
ৣ
Уϫ۾ʩչţʽһٽһйն촷ۡ
ô˻ᣬѿҪ֧ŲסĵԿӰһԶæ˱˳ȥڴϢѡ
ϣǲ壬֮ǰ档
û취֮ǰͳϫսУʵڱˣʱʱ̶̿Ŀܣٴǰĳϫֱܹ⡣
ȻмΪʣϾʵɲǲϣ

һ̣ũ͹ұܷͬʱ򣬳ϫȥ
ÿһϢͱһѹȵΧʱնѡ
һǷ֮ĴڣһھŵĴڣ˿̸һͷųɫ䣬һֺ˵
ũܣֳɫ򳡣һӳ䱳嫣ƿϰ˲ұӡ
ұܷͬʢ⣬ͷٷ裬һ͸ɫԣ̾ᣬӵһɽӣ˷ơ
¡¡
Ƭ񷣬ƳܲסȿɲѹҪݣһ󲻿ظĺ
ǵȳõԿнԶһ񣬿ܲѣũ͹ұܷ붯֣ϫСָζԿ


1695 ͦ
ɫ䣬ﰧ
ũ͹ұܷδ֣Գڸ콾ǣ˷ơ
ϫ˿Ҳòϣ˷ѰɱȣǧԲͨԽԶߵ񾳵ļԿһľ
ʵͨڷ֮ϵԵ֪ܹǰʮ֮еģԲСˡ
֪δϫٸɫȻĮһ˿
ΨһԨУһĨ۽Ƶս⿪ʼȻڡ
ǵģ֮ǰ͵Կһ˵սδóϫӳȫɱ׵˶ԷĴǸֵܼڡ
Ȼ׼ŭϫɲԷ˵ˡ
ֹ֪¡
ǳϫ·

ھϫ֮ʱũ͹ұֹܷӴޱȵңңϫ
֮䣬γ㶦֮ƣ˶ⲻ㶦Ƕһ
λ֮ǰʮĸԿһδڷ֮ϵˣ
ɱš
Կ˹˲ûƣԶܣΣũ˳һٽϫɱΪǱѩܡ
ȣֻһ֣ٽˣǸѰĶ֣һȤ㵥ԾһԲڡ
ũƿųϫԴ赭дͶһ磬ӳĵˡ
˶٣ȻڽὣһƷɽҷǵ̣˵㽻ѣ㡭Σ
ﻰƽȴһ޵ָʹָ㽭ɽ
ϫüû뵽ԷȻϳὣĮȻһ£ǰ˵أһΪһۻʼǶһƷԼˮߵƷ
ũЩϫ˸Լ˵
ڣϫŶһ£֮ǰǻ޺۵ǵ飬Ҳóô˻һ¡
˽ԶȻоԼˣʱһǵˣֱǲ֪
һ£ũҲױЦˣ̾õ㻹ǵһҸ˵ģͳһ㣬ұҪΪһȫʬ㱩ʬҰ
֣ϻôʲôΪһ飿
ұܷ俪ڣɱ֣ɲηŹϫˡ
ΪȻΪ磬ڳϫһַĵ
о񼵺ƵģԲһ㣬ϣûֵұܷ򼵺ޣ
˵֮ǰųԲѷһֱ㣬ȴ֪ôűΣҲһˡ
ϫĿŲڹұܷϣĮڣΪ磬ĵѻһŭȥϫֱͲˡ
ǺǣܺãȻĹԣ֣ԥҿǰˣ
ұܷ絶ޱȣȻѱϫŭоһֶԼϵơ
ũһ̾ʼȻˣҲֻöˡ
һ䡣
һɭȻɲɱ糱ˮ㣬ũɢƬضǣһӿһ죬ڡ
䣡
ͬʱұܷâһɽӵս˫֮䣬ȻһƬƵķŽ͸ſɲ֮Ϣ
ǡ֡һִڹұϵϵһץ˺Ǭǳ
ϣ
ϫԣ֣Ȼ塣
¡¡
δ֣֮ǿɲѹײһ𣬲һĺɢ˷ƬضС
Զ˺Ȼ׷˱ܣΨֱǻ
ǵҲһս³ϫɱƾ֮սҲϹһȻˡ
ȻһԤʱĳϫ¾һˣٴֻϧ͸п

ɾڴսһĹؼʱ̣һ쳹һԼӰһ룡
һϮȹ޳ںŨܳһ֧ľб٣¶һ񾲵ľա
ʴȻ°ѩȻ磡
˽Զüͷһ壬Ů˷ʲô裬ѵҪ谭һսɣ
һֱڹұܷߣǶȥǳ⡣
ϫһԼµʲôȻһĨĹ
һ̣ұܷüͷҲǽסɫЩ磬ʲô£
УѴһĨǳѹ
米ųϫ泯ұܷһʲôɫ֮ǰǰ㱣һĨᶨȻ֮ɫȡ
һܷӣ̧֣ŹϫһӦұ֤Ժһжģһԣ
ԣԶţŮ˾ȻΪϫģôܣ
ѵͳϫ֮仹ʲôϵɣ
ϫĬĬţȴԽԽһֱ㲻ΪβԼֺ⹫ұܷʲôϵ˿ҲһоʲôԵˡ
ԣұܷɫˮеڣЩ΢΢Եúޱȡ
ڵһμСʱҾ͸оЩȻ֮Ȼйϵ
ұܷĿ磬һһ٣м͸޾ŭ
һŬзŭˣҲˣ˭ûһЩΪȻҪ֣δ̫ˣ
类ǳɫ΢΢Щ԰ףüļᶨ֮ɫȴ˿䣬Źұܷһֽ˵ֻҪӦԺͳͳģ
һ̣ϫ޶ۣܱϵĳΪԼǣΪԼΣϧеߣڹұܷóϫܣǸжʹǷŭӵ˼¡
ٰ಻ס磬ʲôԣֻҪڣ˭㣬ҳϫʬ̤
˻һʱڳжϳͳϫȻ֮ǰʶҹϵԲǳ
һȴǿûлͷȥϫֻ˫Ȼ߬Ҳھҳͻѡ
óϫ϶϶֮Ȼ
ɼ£ɷܲҪԼΧóϫԭһ˿ŭһɨգеģֻǸжۡ
ڵִϹ֮ŻԼȾأ
ĿһУܴܵĿ⣬̼ùұܷɫޱȣߡ
㡭ҹһȥ
ٰ಻סŭһһѳץȥҪȥɱ˳ϫˡ
¡
һץ֮£ŭҲǿɲ֮
ɫȻ԰͸վƲҷ㣬һ
ϣ
Ҳڴʱϫˡ


1696 
ৣ
һĨ֣Ӱһֲ˼ٶȣɱŭֵĹұܷ
ʽ
ĽĴʽٶ죬Ҳ䲻һУ
ұܷߣһץָӿɫԡ

ϵֺʽ棬̶ǲּӲޱȣɲܡ
˶ݣǹұϴеĹŷȻԺͷޱȵĽӲ
ԱŽͬδ˼ұܷ
ô˼϶ϫһס磬˳⡣
㻹֮ǰǰңվﲻҪЩһｻһ˽ˣ
ϫԸһӰһ볡С
԰ޱȵһƬżޱȵգδŲư벽
óϫпοѣȴ̼ùұܷŭ
ҲãɱСˣұܷߣ־ͳϫץ
˫ƸǷܲ룬ޱȣһצȴɲ֮ǿ񱦡
꣡
ͬʱһֱԹ۵ũҲƼһɫ񽣣ӨӨҫĿĺɫԣһɲǼ䣬һƬ񷶼绯ҹ
˵һ񽣣
һ˲õ鱦һλӵֶͨεĴգһٵãƾ˽λǲ֪¾˶ǿ֣Ī䶯
񣬴˽ũԸϫһ֣ܻΪҹƥƹɫɱǵ龰ֱ˵˼¡
һɲǼ䣬λ֣˷ơ
޵ߣֻѱøεѣ־ˡ
ϫȻѰɱȣǵ壬̤ʱգֵ̧ɲǼ䣬лһ֮磬ǽһ֡
¡
糱Խ֮ɢɽӣҫ۳ʢ
һ̵ĳϫ绯ƿ򽣵ף嶷ӰдУҿ͹ұܷũ˾սһ
һʱ֮䣬ɽۣ֮绯Ϊ¯ԺɨŽ˷ֱɱ޹⣬Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
УһһܻһֿɲŭѪ裬쾭γ޲ӳ֡顢̶Ϊ񱩵ϯʮҵ˼¡
Ⱦ̫ɲ
Զ˽Զ׷˱ܣ޷ƽ㽻棬Կǿ˸񣬹
ΪǺȻǣȶԾУϫǵûбѹסũ˵ļл
ôܣ
Сӵս˿ֲ
ǿǷֱڷ֮ھŵĴڣųƸ̳֮ͬн޵аĴڡ
һκβһ֪ðļһֱţ
¡¡
һһʼעޱȣ˿ֱɱϾʩչϵײһ𣬼ֱһڻɲ˼¡
Ʋ顣
ʱҡ
Ƭһ쵵Ļ˺Ƭ½룬иųĴֲ޵һУԾɵ³
˶ִܣ
ϣұܷŭ˫Ʋ뷢⣬ڱأȳɲɱ֮
ৣ
ϫɱ֮磬һһɨһб¸׹תܻΪС
ԶԶȥ˶Ȼһֺ̫ƹЮ֮иǺתǵغɨ
Ǻʽ
ֻϫȫʩչƿصϤӿ룬ȿɲ
¡
һǳըɽ͵زһ¡
ȻһӰĵˣЩǱü֮ѴһĨŭ
ǺȻǹұܷ
һĽУǳһгϫ
Ǻݺһ֮ǰս֤˳ϫս֮ǿ󣬿ǻû뵽һ£ϫӲұܷˣ
Ϲ콾۵ĵУмܰ쵽һ
һʵ־ǿ˺εȸ߶ȣ
һɲǣԶ綼סʣаૣԭѾǿˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô£ֱðϷһĨ֮ɫ

ն
κũٿȻһֽնɱһĨԺڰĹ⣬ʱգɱ֮ɲ
һԵüΪɲϾɱд֮裬˳ϫ͹ұܷ޷һɲǳ
ৣ
ϫͫУ͵һݺݽұܷˣӰ磬ܹ֮ȥ޽ȴһƳնϣ΢΢ЩʹɨһѪ
ţ
ũЩ⣬û뵽һδ˵ϫ
Χ˼ˣ򰵽һϧ
ߣ
һɲǣϫһߣ䣬ӿȣӶнɱ
սˣжϳũͬӵнһĽΪս鼫Ϊḻ֮ɴ䣬ɱҲڷ֮е
ڹұܷȴѷũһƿϵսͬС

ũǹұܷ֣ɶóϫе
ɱ
ұܷĿɫУޱȣ˫ֻӶ˺ۣûһɫâк
ͬʱṳֽ̃ϢϢܻɫɱˡ
ȻһǶͬʶϫս̫ȻȫԲٱ
¡
ϫУ¾Ӱ͵һͦƾӲٴһأͷųϢֱ㣬ƣͽƬ񷳹顢촷ۡ
شңϫһ̣ҲȫнһĨӨ͸Ĺ⣬ɬϢ
һܻ֮Ϊصķģӽ磬ӶнһݵĿɲϢȻһӷأգ
أ
һ̫ǿˣ׾ٽұܷˣ㶯ȫҲûռһ˿ˡ
ƾ˿ʩչʲô˶Ҫѹ亱֡
ڣǵһˣ˫Ĳ룬Ѫͷ㱻ϡ
һͬʹУӰʱж飬ǿסһɾ޷ԼӰ
һĻֹԶȻԭɱũҲһЩš
һδܣһطԼǿʢݺһ
һ磡

ɽһɲһĨâէ֣ӲһпΪ룬Ȼ顣
ңһĨƲһֲ˼ٶȳũʺȥ
ɲǼ䣬ũɫ䣬һĨϢɾͳһȫܣܿһĨ
ӰȴԵ쳣Ǳ¿ƵģЦ


1697 Ψһ̨
һգۼ䣬ұܷˣũǱܣӰȴûЦ
෴˿ɫԶͣһƬκˣ̫ǿˣһֱǸ޷Ĺ
Ǵȥ¶û˸Űɣ
һ﾿˭Ϊ֮ǰϹʱΪδû˵֣
ӵɲսƫƫԣ֮Ҳδӳ֣δ̫ˡ
սδ̸ЩδΪʱ磬λˣӿǵĵˣ
ۣɫȴѿиסЩ

û뵽û뵽侹ĳ˵е
ϣũɫ࣬ųϫޱȣԽձԽȥ
УѳһĨȻɱȻΪϫǿӲ֣ѳ˱ɱ֮ġ
վԲ뿪պһɳǶԣһĸ󻼣
һ࣬ұܷɫˮмղһҲ˲Сƣŭ˼¡
ϫҡͷϻࡣ
˵ʱ͵һƣһгʣһ˻֮
һ̣ԷҪɱԼԲˣ
ৣ
һͻͨ콣նУɱɱ˼¡
ն
ũһֳֽӶںâ֮ƣɱ¡
ɱﵡʮ潣ÿһضӵǬ֮ܡ
䣡
ũľǣһֻӲԷ޷κ˺
ɫأɱʢХһٴθɱ
ն
ն
ն
ն
ũͳϫսһ飬ʩչʮ潣ĲͬУ޲Ī⣬ױڣ֮߱ޱȡ
գȴϫһһ⣬ǵδϫ˺Լɱò㸺ˡ
ũͫ£𶯵ԸӣôܣһҲֻǽһؾΪеὣԶԶԼ񽣣ƾʲôǿ᣿

ϫ³һ֣һնһɱĹұܷݺ˳ȥ
һڳϫũĽУһֱʱʱ͵Ϯˣũ׻Ĺˡ
ۣ
ұܷѪɫʵ̫ʣǲֹһϫһֱϰĴڣ뵽Լ᲻Ƕ֣
ԶԿ˿һľ

ұܷŭţٴγɱǰ
ȴٴαϫһλҪңɳƵģݺڵ棬ݶ˲֪ţڱѪ
ʼգϫδۿһۣĿһֱũϡ
ڹұܷũѹҪһЩҲֻѹˡ
ն
һ̵ũдɱղȫһˣһ˭İ
ܻӯƥԣԱңݿ࣬Ҫﶼ촷ۡ
һӰɲ֮
ֱ仯ϫһһ˿ҲѸƴûʲôˡ
ৣ
ϫգнϰǰ֮伤Ҳɱϴս
ܿ죬ǳɱһ磬˴ײӵɱϣֱ˴ɱǰ쳣֮ҡ
۷Ծǹұܷ޷֣̫ˣսҲ̫ɲٷܹ档
֪ƾһĴܸУɫ֮ǰΪϫûʸ񺳶ԼֻܱԼһжתһԾʸûˣ
ȴֱùұܷ
ɲΣһж־Ϊתƣսеũս֣ұܷвս֮ɺȻ˿̵ũҲģԲ쵽һ
䣡
УϫũߴսԽˡ
ϫƿϽϻ죬նĽľǿ֮ӵ쾡¡
òϣƴũȷǿ֮񾳵Ĵڣ뵽Ϊ޵ĵز
Ҫ֪Ѷ޼񹂣ȫ뵽˽֮У֮ΪѴﵽļũ䱻սò˱ܣվǵֵɾͲѰˡ
֮˿̲ǳϫũԶѶްڶԿ
ϫˣ˴αɣ
أũЩͣĳϣ͵شȳȻֳһͷȼհȸһͷӿ뵽С
¡¡
ҹ񽣣һȻĿ⣬һܻһڣ𲢷ĺ
һƬҹȼգ
ȻũȻǣ¡һֽɱ˸ɱ֮ųϫɱ¡
һطԷٻȸ֮Ϊӣȼ񽣵ȫܹӳܡ
Ϊ˸ĴҲ󣬲ֹҪʧһͷȸǣ񽣵Ҳ˶Ҫ޸ɲһʱܹ쵽ġ

һ̵ũֱư㣬ָأХɽӣ̬Զ˽Զ
Ƕѿũطʩչ˳֮ǰȫòһˡ
ҪһоʤҲã
ĮУϫȻֳһݵͷܻΪһ̨
̨ŵ⣬Զ˼ˣԶܣΪϫ˿̨ƴǭ¿
ɽһɲǵЦݶȻ̣ͫţд֮ɫ
ǵҰУϫͷľŵɲǼ䣬ںһܻΪһĿʢԲĹ֣
Ψһ̨
˱ûɳʧ뾪ɫͱˡ
Զ磬Ҳ𶯡
һ˵ʵԶһɲǼɣ۳Ψһ̨󣬳ϫɣһСţʽɱ
һɲʱ䡢ռ䶼סţһʧ
ϣ
Σ
һܣʧȥʱ֮šռ֮Ųơ֮
Ȼ˾ͺȻһ£ũʩչǿһֽһ룬ȻΪ꣬Ʈؼ䡣
ũ˸׻ѪܿƵغݺ׹أǿаȵնΪʹŤ

̲סʹУгޱȵľŭһĨ޷εľ⣬Ψһ̨ȻΨһ̨㡭ȻѴﵽȴ˵еĵز
һɲǣڳҲ壬ܵһж̫˼ǵĶʧء
Ψһ̨
Ϲ֪УҲֻз֮һҹŴﵽȻΪ棬ĸ߶ȣ
Ͼڴ˳һ޳ɡΨһ̨ļһ˸ˣ


1698 Ȼ
ȫԣһƬ
֪񾳴ڣ̨ӵоŵѾƵ԰ͬˡ
ڳˣĪ
亱һϹǧ򾳣ܹģҲֻһС򾳶ѡ
ϾȲѴﵽеļޣƶŽ
ǡ
ϹУһֱһţ˵֮ϣһͻƼ޵Բ֮ųΨһڸ֮
Ⱦ磬ԲʱӵСΨһ̨
⵱ȻָЩӵһ̨ǿߣǽ̨ŵںΨһٳһ̨֡Ĵڣ
Թܹﵽ˵Ⱦǿ̫ϡ٣˾Դ˶δ˵ȴš
ڳЩ򶥼еԣȻףⲢǴţʵڵġ
ڷ񾳵һҹõ֤
񣬳ϫںũ۷ԾУչֳΨһ̨ȻԵЩףš
ټϹԣδڷ֮ϣһԵ˼ˡ
һ̣еĳϫٲȻΪĿĽ㣬һϮֽȻģģȴԶһĨļɵǾ壡

ũѪõѪգĿųϫɫиһƬ
ˣ
ԼȻһĬĬŵϣ
һֱԸ˿ҲһĴܸУԽ
Ŀ⿴˿Զ߱һԼĵۻʼֻҪһԺ񾳣Ҳɲؼɵκ
ǰǣɨϫ谭
ɡ¾У˭ǳϫ֣

Щͷũ˲ϣһ̤ʱյ쳹
Զϫٴγֽɱü価ɱ֮ɫˡ
̫
ѵһﻹɱԼɣ
ũŭųϫɱԼɸоϫΪǶԼһּ̤ɫ˲ֱ
ũϣһɲǣϫҰԼƣǱټһԷƴһ
ۣ
ɱڴʱһ졣
ϫȻֹȻŤͷͿԶԿѪһɷһƬü価ʹ֮ɫ޳Ľڲϲڣڳһޱȵļ尾ʹࡣ
ϫжʱһɫ΢䣬˲üɱУߣ磬˺£
һɲǣҲ⣬һ緢⣬ǡñ˳ϫףаǻһΣ
ΨũʶʲôƳһһĹұܷ򣬹ȻͿߴǷһĨЦĿ硣
ҡû¡ۣ
ڵɷ͸ü֮価ʹ࣬亹죬̲ס³һ̯ѪѪˮֹİ쵲ɫζȴޱȡ
ɳϫһ۾жϳһ־綾
ɫʱһü䷺һĨɭȻɱҧ˭ģ
áõġҡ绨ݲҵҲԽԽֱһʧȥ֧ţϵȥ
磡ϫæһѽ䱧ڻУǽƣǷŭۡ
ʶʲôŤͷһ˲ұܷɫǱ䵽˼¡
µĶ
һһ٣мɫƽϤϫĶѾ׼ŭ
һ̵ĹұܷɫִһĨ⣬ԵЩȻɲǶϿûκζܹɱ񾳴ڡ
˶٣˹˵ھʲôǺǣҹ£㣬
ԴǼӯһɱĵζһơ
ϫУɱѷڵ˼£ԴϹ֮δһɱһˡ
磬һΣһϫһǿ԰еķŭڡ
ұܷЦͷ裬ЦһһĿǵϫ㲻Ǻϲô㲻Ϊõ˴ʬϼ̤ȥڣֻ¶ѣѵ𣿡
ϫɫĮȻ£һȻɱҪ಻ס
ԽұܷоԽǳ죬Ц˵Ͻɣٵʱ䣬Ů˿֧Ų˶ˡ
ȳϫڣȻ֮ҿ϶Ͼʲôʹ࣬һжҪˡ
°ɣ
ϫΪԼϲŮ¹ȥγһ
ҿһﲻǲˣŮ
ԶԿ˼ˣԶ̲סϷʿڣЦΪұܷѾץסϫѨһжɲȥˡ
ΨũüƸоһŮҪЮʧݣδ˵ʲô
ѰֱӼԵУԻڳ˲ܣ˿Ϊ˶ԸϫҲײҪʲôˣ¶ªޱȡ
ԥʲô£ұܷȣͱˡ
Ҫ
أҲ֪˫ֽ߬סϫ½󣬽еϫҪӦǱһֹؽұܷˣ
ؽ
ϫһ꣬ͷһ˵ֶȻ޲ߣ޴֡
ˣٸҿڣŲʦҲһᣡұܷɫһȳ⡣
һ¶ʹޱȵɫóϫһʹѣֱұܷ޵˹
˿ףΪ֮ǰһֱԼˣԭֹϱ˹ؽʦȱҲұץ
£˭ֻҲᱻǹұܷǣűˣֲ˭ӡ
Ķ
ϫȼӿŲƵɱޱȡ
ڴʱеȻ̧ͷһųϫϫ֪ôҡһֱĽ£ϾˡԴӡʦұץߡµľǡǡⱲ١Ҳ޷ˡڿҸоⱲҲ޺ˣ
ϫһʹһ޷ķŭ۽ӿȫҪը
Ҫ˵ˣһҪţϫڣǻм߽ӣؼ䡣
˼ˣԶЩɲǹұܷԼоһ˿ˣΪ˾ܽѣˣʦһֱѺ
ȻûһУϵʹ֮ɫʧһĨȡˮ̧΢΢İƣųϫӣ߽Ƶ૵ⱲӿϲһϲԼˣ֮㱧ڻȥҲ˵Ļϲ
ԽԽֱϢ
Ȼš
ǣأԹһĨĵЦݣ̬һ
ԲţϫǰһУ͵ͷһߵµ˻һĵʹɢ޷



1699 ޵
ߵ˻Ұľʹ࣬޷ʹࡣ
ûһ̻óϫе֮ͱߣһѵݺݵزУ޷
ԼϲŮԼб۾Ȼţָоֱĥ
һ̣ϫݱĿѣͷ糹׷ħ
סʹʧһˮɿƵشӺȻ׹䡣
֪ʲôʱʼϫδЩ˿һζˮֳ¶Ⱥ
һ̣Ϊ̤񾳴Բ֮УԪ㲻࣬ȴƲסˮ䡣
ޣ
ޱȵĺޣ
ǻͷңϢҲǱÿ󣬲ϷڣɢòƱãƶڰ

ɱˣ
ԿһȻһɫͣ޷ŮԸҲˣԸҲǣϫ
ұܷ۾ͬš
ũüԶ״ħĳϫӿһĨĪĺ⡣
е⣬κϵֻǸоޱȵļ֣ޱȵ鷳
ΪֻҪԵģԳϫ޾ŭĴѹ
ó˵׼
һɲǣũϣɿ촫ˡ
ұܷ͵ѹȻһۻʼ
ҪһۻʼҪũšü䷴ʡ
ұܷɫ΢΢һ䣬Цߣ⵨ɱˣ֮ǰҲڷŹԿһˣҲӲĵұˡ
ũɫһô˵Ҫ⵽ˣ
ұܷΪȻҡͷȻѷҲûʲô˵ġ
֮ǰũһƷۼΪŻũһǰȡһۻʼ
¶ԷȻѷԲִȥ
Ź֣Ǽһôʱûũüɨܣջϣͣ
ǧ֮ӣãɲԼȥðˡ
߰ɣ
ũƳһԶɫߣܰ㱧סһĳϫջĿ⣬ɿ촫ˡ
вʣҲʱȥŭǳϫԸûʲô
£Ǹũ󣬾ʹԭ·ɽ
ǡ뿪
ڴʱһɳơĮٿȻ쳹ũ˻һɫ
Ը飬Ƿˣ
ߣ
ũĻҳɣҪȳ룬ⱻѽħĳϫס
Ȼֹ
ֹҲֹ¶Ȼ
ǰ֮أϫӰ֪ʱ
ޱ飬Ѫκһˮļ¡
ϣ
Щ׸ɵ˶ǳѪʱнԶһ󷢺
ϫŮԾɲҵȣϾһ˿ϵΪеһۻʼˡũһɿ˵һΣˣһ
ղŲҪɱôϫĮȻɳƵͳκθ顣
ũüһ˿ԤС
ǡ¹ôϫѪӻŲƣɨԿһˣǽԶɫѿ֮
˶浱㣿ұܷȴüͷһȵ
ϫĮȻٽңңָˣһ˵ɱ𣺡죬ǶҪΪ˸ѪĴۡ
ƽɳƣȴ͸һ˵ľȻ
ұܷŭЦ׳ն˵ܷɱˣĿ԰쵽㻹Ҷ֣֪ôĺɵˣ͸Ͻ·
ϣ
û£һգɱڵ˼£һѹֵµıߺȻն
һ֮ϡɱȻһǣϫ۽Ƶĺ⳹
ұܷȻͫţû뵽ϫȻĸҶ֣һ̺ɱᵽһΣա
ֽһʩչȫֵ
䣡
һ̣˾ͱһɣ类һɽݺѹǻƣѪ˲㱻Ϊ룡
ұܷ򷢳ҽУ׾ˣˣһֱ̫ǿ޷
Ҫһʹŷ֫ٺĽǾȫһĨӲˡ
Ӱ
һȻҪɱǣ
ߣ
ĿһĻǵԿͷƤ飬ðڰ಻סо֣Ȼ˷ӴܣǸģֱ޲õȡ
һ̣ٹ˲ϡ˲ݣһȺֻɥ֮Ȯһ㡣
ǵģǱ޷ṩ˵ͺ񱻰ǹϻ·Ҳᾪֺͺ£ûʲô

ȻǺȻɢһɲǣһĨλðǻԣһǵصĴһƬɽ۳֣е·

һ̣ΪɱЩˣϫ˼ɣһ̻ϧ
¡
ƴɱҪƿȴ޼£ǳ׻̿֡
ৣ
ô˻ᣬһĨ磬ɲǼոһѪͷ­
ǺȻģûüӦͱжʺͷ­׿գͷʬȻ׹أе
һʶϫȷ˱ɱ֮ģŹˣ
Ľеһ˿ңҲһɲǳױʧд˾ֺͷŭԴҲ벻ףϾȻ첻µز֮ˡ
ɽˣ
ͬʱũŭдһĨš
ʲô
ɽ
ֻ춼ҪˣԭǻΪϫ޷ԼȣԼ죬ϫҶԼɱ֣˭룬ԷԷȻпɽˣ
һУϫĮȻһ̵绯һ޸ɱѪֽС
͸ǰЩһ޵ÿҪٲйҪ׷
¡
һӣӳؼ䣬ܻһһغ񹂣˼˴˽ӳ
һɲǼ䣬һγɣһϴһ𣬽Ƭس׷
񹂴Уһɲ󡭡㡭ȻɽӣũױסëȻ׹ߣ
ܰλз֮Ĵŵģɼܵ𺳺ε֮
ৣ
ũ֮ʣϫֳнٴնɱһˣǽƴȫҲδסϫһ룬³ޱȡ
λ͸һȫԸӣȥһñɱ
ŻҳһţֻĹ˵ˣũסһȳ
ԣʱѹ׷׶ũ£ȥ
ۣ
жԳٻһֻǲ۵һСȴҪϫһʺ顣
ǰأԲŵ˻𣺡ΪΪʲô
Ϊʲô
Ц⣡
գ൹أĿ
ϫɫ䡢ĮȻСĽ籧ȻһѪɫͫɨũˡ


1700 ѪȾǬ
ıն
ն
౻ն
ұܷˡ
һ̣ũǻһʱŷ֣ɿսѽֻʣˣ
ĺϫֶ壬޷󣬳ϫ޼ɵ޼ɡ
ѵĲԺ󱻵󶥼
λƵĴڱƬɽۣһܻΪһ󣬽ʮ·
һ̵ɽۣ֮绯һƬ޳Ѫ糱ɱϯ

ϫ磬ʱнѪһ֮ǰǰ㵭Į飬һ˿
Ӱ¾ӿһޱȵɱԨǵأен棬һѪ縴գ˵Ѫ⡣
Ӿһɲǣϫ㲻ٶһ֣
ΪѾûκλܹеıߺͺ⣬ֻѪˮйһУ

ɱ
ũɫص£ȡ
һ̣ͬκһ˿Ľʶһ֣Ѷȫ
˵Σͷѿʼƴ
ΪԳϫȶ֣ٲƴһ̿пˡ
ũɲˣ
˭
ǵһĿľ콾Ƿ֮Ĵڣǰ̹ĵ;޵ۣܸĴʱ˿̽ˣ
ģ
ϣ
ڰڿգһƬɫ磬Юųʢƥڿɱȥ
һʱ촷ۡ񹂴󶼱𶯣Ҳѣɼƴ״̬µũԲСˡ
ৣৣ
ͬʱһĵԿҲǴһҳֺ֣ȫԸ
ͬũˣҲҪʶκѣƴĴ㡣
¡
Ӷžӳ棬ܻһƬ֮ϯȥ
ԿѪɫ䵶Юɱȥ

ϫ̧ͷĮѪв
ˡ
󣬸ֳһʢѤĻԲ֣Ψһ̨Уͷͨ
Ȼ󡪡
һӿնȥ
ضʱţԣٴӳֳϣεĿɲ
֮ǰũ֮¡
˿̣ĿһĻʩչƴȫɲƵһĨ
䡭
һ걬顣
ûκ⣬ũٴαһɣ󻢿Ѫͷ㱻ϣһѪɫѿ˼¡
Ψһ̨
㾳ʵ̫ɲˣڸѹһ֣ͬɶ
ৣ
ǻũͬʱһĨҫ۽âӳϫгƲ񷣬ư׺գͻͺƴ

ͫţֵ˼£û뵽ũҲܵ˿졣
Ҫ
أ
ܻĻ𺣱һ飬ֽһ
ֻоͬһײϣ˫۽걬飬žֶɣǻ͵ȥѪݺݵ˳ȥ
ĿһУԿŵ͵һУɫ򾪿ֶŤ͵Ťͷ˷Ƶģ˺ʱտ񱼶ӡ
һڵšӡƺŵĸ콾˿̾ŵƨ
һĻȥֻ򶼵һȻ󲨲ɡ
Ц
Կûô࣬ȷˣˣ֮ʱŷֻԭһô˵顣
Ȼ޷ѣɽΧ񹂴ؼ串ǵĴͭǽڰ㣬·Ͼ
һ̵ĵԿܵʲôݾޣ
£ɫ԰ףͫţĶ־ѱ޾Ŀ־û
ϫǵĮѪңңʱͺѹյһݰ㣬õԿڿסͨһأЪ˹ź㣬ɱңɱң
֮ǰŹұܷһҪóϫ¹Ҫݺĥϫ
ڣϫһδȴģ֮޳һֵ쾡¡
ۣ
һĨԿȻֹ۾ԶĳϫԲŶԷ͹
գеĹȻţȻ׹أʺһѪѪ糱ˮܿ۳һƬѪ
һ򶥼ŵɱ
УֻʣԶ˵ũ𡢹ұܷˡ
һ̵գɱѪȵ˼£ѹȵֱ
ϫȴδתֽڴ˲ǰУһ߲֪ƣûи֪ľż
ǰ߲ĽϣεδһѪգõձˡ
ϫǿɺ㲢ޣΪҪƣ޷
һ̣ϫ㣬ĮȻǱҵġ
ɳƶͳԴ֮ʱһٻͽδɱ֣֮ǰĶԾʱһٴ𡢵Կˣͬδɱ֡
ϧԷ飬Ҳϧв
񡭡
Ҳˣ
⾿˭˭
һ뵽⣬ϫеıߺͺһ󷭹ơ
ۣ
գ羪һƳʲôҲûͷ­ȴȻ׿Ѫա
һ̣ũɫȻƽ̧ͷųϫҪô
ϫԣж
䣡
нٴγʣеÿһγ֣Ҫһꡣ
һɲǣũкȻһĨԳĹƺ˸С
ۣ
ϵģʼգũûκεֿɫĬ糹׷֮һֱͷ­

ѪȾա
һĻϫ۾УЩ⡣
ҲͬʱȻһŲȻƤڿգܻ鳯ݡʥоȵȺ
ʥͼ
һ֣һЮסũʬף˵һ㻯һĨʢ⣬ʱնȥ
һж̫죬ϫϣȷũֹԼжʺҲ飬Ѻͳױûʲô𣬿ǣΪֻᷢ飿
һƤһйŹ֣
ϫʶʥͼȴԲöԷʹˡ
ৣ
ʶأһӣָ֮ȻӲӵͭǮƷͣݺݳӶݵʥͼɱȥ
䱦ͭǮ
̫Ͻе鱦ųƿ価򱦡
ء
һɲǼ䣬䱦ͭǮâһصĵƣʥΧײԣϯء
ͬʱϫֽʱնȥҪ䱦ͭǮһһٽʥͼѹ
СһҪ󣡡
أһϵʥͼִ
ϵ洫񱦴ŹƱǣǵ䱦ͭǮɣϫȥһ⡣
¡
һ̣ʥͼʧʱУײ
϶ԺҪ
ϫѪ䣬Լ֪ԭпǲԸһƤԼС
ũܷǼǲܵ顣
ͷڳϫԺһĿԶҲ޷Ĺұܷϣ


1701 
һսУұܷǵһܣҲǵһ˵زġ
ǰһб˿ڣƤ׹֣Ŀģδϡ
Ϊ˿ڸأԲһƽ˺ƾٰŬҲǸ޷޸
һ콾ԣվģڵơ
̫ˡ
н飬ѣǻһƬٱ޵ޱȣֻ߻ħ
ڵʱ䣬ֹһεͼȴͽ
֡ŭȻ̵ֻ˼£󣬱λз֮񾳵ھ񿰳Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬ҵĸо
ΪǣĿ˳ϫնɱũԿ𡢽ࡢĵĹ̡
ǱնɱǰԲŵʹ顭
һУһجΣ̼ùұܷɫҰܣɫ־嵽˼¡
Ⱳӣûϫᡢ޼ɵ֮ˣ
󣬶ЩԵ򶥼е𣬳ϫ˵ɱɱ飡
ϣˣ
ұܷں޵óӶˣпܣԸûϫԸһçŻĻԵԸΪвȡ
ϧһжˡ
ٺҲûá
һֻ̣ʣһˣ棬ϫһһʬɽѪ߳ɱһѪ˼ҪϢ
ұܷ˸翴һڳԼͷϽ١
̲סгҪɱңұ֤ԷŮ˵ʦ𡭡
δ˵꣬ͱϫӽɲǼ佫˫˫նϣ֫㶼棬Ѫˮ㣬˲ڵӶ
ͻľʹ̼ùұܷ̲סҽУ쳹ëȻ
նŤͷմȾѪˮð࣬ʧȥ֫ڵ䶯
˭һĻֻ¶᲻ˡ
ϫûУɫĮȻѪͫɲֻǸŵϵĹұܷ򣬿ҽУƲѪֻйеıߺʹޡ
ûʹ޹һˣûĥκһˡ
ڣˣһֻΪ磡
ϫ㡭ĥңܺãܺãһҪΪյΪʮۣ
ұܷӣɫŤ˻˭ҹұϣûܻȥûУ

ϫн̽һץ籡һϼұܷ֡
㡭Ҫʲôھɱң㲻ҪΪǼ˱ұܷŭ£ѡ
䣡
һ̣Ȼֹͬʱ걻ӲгЮϼУأԷŭС
ϧһжδóϫһüͷɫĮȻɣ̽óһƿұܷ˽ȥ
Ҳɱ㣬ǿ̫ˡϫһ仰ͽƿطӡ
¡
һӣһȼգұܷʬ˲ٻΪҽʧ
ˣȫ

ʮͷ̻ӲӵĹ⣬ƺɽۡԼһϵȾɽɫʥȻ
ɽϣȴѪ鲼ǽ壬һ߾ʬУǺǵѪζ
һ֪µɽһƬԹһֱδ̤ľڽոոӭ˵һ޵ߣ㻯ΪһƬ޳Ϊһλλǵء
һУΪ̰ޣ
ԶУأƮһƷ꣬ɻŨѪУȴһֹļµζ
磬ɽۺХ
һƬžΨϫɽۣĬţƻΪһܵʯ
ŻеŮˣ񾲵ľգ̵һĨĵ΢Ц
ԺУ֮䣬ֻصص˴˳һĻĻһ·ķꡭ
գһжǰ
ǣѾ桭
ۣ
أϫſѪɫȻò԰סһоʹࡢˡȻ
֮ǰΪȥһ㣬ϫңʧأһּµС
ϧһеɱУϧһжȫǴ̼ÿ񱩣һжľ䣬ܵһǰδеľҳ˵ȳѪ
ӷ𣬵ѣء
һ𣬰һϮ°ɫɮ£̤âЬֳֿľȵʥϣƮȻɽۣңңϫʮҾ
㿴ôã̲סˡ
ϫͷҲû̧ĮȻڣɳƶͳ
ӸտʼսʱϫѲһɬϢһֱڿƬء
ӹɣǱȻɣͲز²⡣
ѣ˷磬ңʹȥֻ»߻ħ֮Σ
ƲϫѲԼټɫһ񾲡㡢ݡ
ⲻ⣿
ϫ̧ͷĮȻƳһۣȻָԶһۻʼУͶȡ
ϳĬƬ̧̣ųϫѾˡ
ʲô
ȻǷһۻʼ
óϫһ۾ãȻΪλҪǰ
ƲϫķӦս顣
ϫüëһʲô˼
ϵСɮϣгһտԺ͵һս
ϫڵʱ𣿡
ҡҡͷɫһֱ񾲡㣬ҲһֱƽݣûκζܹӰǡ
ѣǷСɮһλȻϻһת˵
ϫжʱһĨɱʲô˼
ٴҡҡͷˣСɮƲ⣬λӦǱұһơ˵Ļһȡ
ϫкݺһ͵κһۻʼøҲ޷
ĪļСɮһۡƽϫŵǴݼɫҲһ˿δġ
ϫһá

ͬʱ

һͨŻ֮Ĺϼ̨ϿգһƬһŽȻԻ͵İ񵥡
ǱǷ֮
˿̣һΰϵӰϥڼ̨ܣգһ˵ز֪µĵܡ
ˡ
Ȼԭŵķ֮͵ؾҷһ첨ŽɫԣƬضĿ˼¡
ţ
ַ˺£
֮ƵƵ춯ɲʲô£쿴һ
ϥڹϼ̨ǰһƵΰӰ۾
һɲǣͺһ״ӳ˯ѹһɹɿֲޱȵѹϯ˷ֱ
ǵĿ⣬ԼͬڲԲͷŽԵķ֮ϡ


1702 Ȼ
֮ͷŽɫʥԣ
ϲͷųϢɬϣӯ֮ϣϵһϸС
һɲǡ
ǰȻһ٣ڲչӡŵһȻ֣Ҳ֮չֶ
ÿһ֣貶Ŀʢҫۣ嶷ţӵһơ
񾳰񵥣
ĪǡǷǰٵϣ
̨ܣһΰϵӰ죬Ǽ߷֪꣬£ɻͷһĿˡ
λǵǰʱ䣬֮ͬ춯ȴһɲǣָҵȽԶΪһ֮ļԪ̽ȴˡ
һ뷢ף׾߳ڡ
Ϊʲô
ܼ򵥣ڵ֮⣬һλµԭʵ֮֮Уȴ֪ںεԵʣȴδ񵥣ʶ˷֮춯
Ŷ֪˭
δ̽һ㵹ЩΡ
һˣ֮޷עλҿǰ䣬Ƿݳʲô
۷׷֮ʣһΰӰԾֽĿɨӲ񷣬Ƿ֮ϡ
ৣ
ҲڴʱǲȻķ֮棬һȻз𣬻һĨ⣬ʧһƵġ
ˣ
˭ô󵨣ɱ֮ϵ𣿡
ʮλģ˿ǵһ̳ȴû룬ʹزۡ
һΰӰЩ⡣
Щ֮Ҳûǿߣȴû춯Īĵ䣬ǣʲô֮񾯾Ķɣ
ü
ৣ
֮ʣǷ֮񾳰ϣһַ𣬻һĨʧ
ڶʮĵĽͬǵҽϵһλ߸潫鱦ӻҲʹãɼжôأ񣬾Ҳ䡣
һΰӰһƬ֮䣬λ䣬ζʲô
Ѱ
ЩΰӰɫԾЩء
ৣ
ݳԵɣٴһַ𣬻ʧڷ֮ϡ
ʮλ࣡
λ䣬ЩΰӰݣɲѴӵȥ

ÿһǸ콾ǧУҲԵһȴڶ̶ʱڣλŵ飬ɴδ
ৣৣৣ
Щػ˵ز֪£ľѳȻΰӰٴ𶯵ǣڽٴһһִӰʧ
ʮλ
ʮλĵԿ

ũھŵĹұܷҲ䣬һɲǣȫһļžУš
ЩΰϵӰһҲ뱻סڶܵһֺȻþ޷ƽ
λͬһ䣬лλǰʮĴڣȥֻ¶һвɣ
ô
Ϊλᷢ飿
ף
ֱãȷϷ֮һ˿춯һΰӰŻعԭ𾪶΢΢͵飬˿ȫ֮ɫȡ
ǺԻһ籩ඥ˶ŭǵȺֱǲ
˭ð֮踣ɱ˶콾ֱǵ죬ɥĲ񣡡
飡˭ģ
£֪ͨЩ˰ɣǵŭֻ»յǿɾ鷳ˡ
ɱƵ֣춯ĪǡϹҪˣɲʲôװ
һ죬һϢɢһֱ˼ٶȴ
Ƕ̶һʱ䣬һȻУ޵߻ȻϵͳΪ֮𶯡

ɽ֮ۡ
һϮ°ɫɮµأ񾲵ϷһĨʥķ⣬ϸãһ̾
ڵȷǱ˺ƣһֹһԪУ񼴱ϹҲƿشߡ
һԪ
ϫüЩԴϣϣϵѣжϣиĿܣ
ѡϳĬƬ̣ŵһʩչܹ͸񣬲꣬ӵֶͨεĴ֣ԴҲ޲ߡ
͸񣬲
ۣϫһ֪νġơȷ̫Ե
ô˵ûһ˿ϣˣϫɫѿӿһĨԵıߡ
̧ۣƽųϫ԰꣬ȷﲢδȥҲһ֮£ô
ϫһ͵һǰԼôһ㣿
ֻҪûʹһϣ
һ룬ϫԽԽлıҲⲻ٣סʵϵѣȻϵôǷҲ֪ν
ǸСɮͣҲֻܹʱѹסһϮȴ޳׽֮ǸȻ
ϫδʧĿⷴ˾㹻ˣֻҪܱ֤粻£Ժܹٵ֮
˵⣬ʶʲôɫ濴ϣҸղ˵䣬ֻҪܰæһеĵۻʼģ
ϲԣĬãȴóһյơһšһ顢һۺһ𾭡
ˡ
˫ֺʮׯϣжģ糿ĺģ
УһʥിİȻţ籡һƷԹԣ֡
һ̣ơš顢ۡ𾭡ʥܻΪ費۹⣬ӿ̨üġʺࡢ޴λãʧ
һ˲䣬˶һʥԲĹΣǺϾգȥ֮ˣ˯һ㡣
óϫܣû뵽Լ߾ʱ龹·ת
ۣ
͵أϿȳһѪɫò԰񾲼ʡ
ѣСɮѾáȱ䡯ʥ֮ڵġơ֮ѹʮ֮ڣٷʲôˡ΢ЦڣҲظ
ϿѪóϫһȻΪʩ
лˡ
һϫ湰֣гм
زʶκνʣɶԷԼһæóϫҲǶݲѡ
ɲ֪ѹڵųơʥ֮ԵλӵλĴ֣֮һ۹ԣֵ֮Ժ鱦
鱦
˭ڳμʱó˴ֱʣ


1703 ֮Ե
ϫ䲻֪⡰ʥѱĥޱȣһ۾ϳ𱦵ĺϡ֮
ʶһ̳ϫв𶯣мѡ
ڳϫĸлֻЦЦ㼴гһգѽϵطǰһΣСɮʱṧݣΨһս
ϫΪηҪˣ
ɫƽ㣬Ĭò˵ΪСɮԼĵ;
Īһ仰ȴóϫУֵʱһǰ
˫ֺʮ׵лѳȫ
˵գֱתҪ뿪

ϫסһæڵһۻʼȥ
ûתֻƽѣСɮһ䣬ʮ֮аս֮
ϫǴ⣬´ࡣ
ϼСɮҪսģ񾳵㣬ڵ㣬һۻʼϳ˵ͷ֮һҹ֮⣬ܻȡ
󣬺شһ˿Ȼ֮⣬ָƽ
ϫüԼµһЩʲô
ĬƬ̣Ȼһӣһиյ˹ȥһƷۼ¡
ӹұܷʬȡģףӦ޺һȻãȴұܷһߡ
Щ⣬ڻƯǰУĬãС
Ȼ˫ֺʮһţƮȻתȥʼδһ䡣
һϮ°ɫɮ£̤âЬֳֿľȣһǰǰݺͼ㡣
ڳϫУȴһصζ
ϵΪ˿ȷܷ˼
ɱ٣ĥѶʵɽĿһڳϫũһ֮ľԾȴδûȥȡһۻʼ
ֱսĻȴϫԡȱ䡱͡ʥѹڵġơ˴ֻۣΪгһտԺͳϫһս
ڳϫֹһҪһۻʼãҲ޶ԡ
һжȷԵ̫˼
Ϊʲô
ǳĿǲЩ飿
ϫ֪Щ͸ϣʶе
гһգ̤ھһս֮󣬱֪һС
ΣϣϫǼΪмģΪͳһƷۼҲĸԸ

磬İɣһȻģ۸Ĵۣ
ϫףŻľգޱݣеֻһ־Ȼ
СĽ𣬷Уֻġ

Ȼ󣬳ϫĿԶ
֮ǰԣֻλз֮񾳵һҹлһۻʼ
ʱϫδ룬ʱϸһƷȴһҲľѵĽۡ
ζţũȽ뵽УҲԵһۻʼ
ģΪʲô
ѵ˵л鲻ɣ
һ뵽⣬ϫüëЩˡ
ûгɣ̧Դȥ

ʮͷ̻³ҽ⣬ʥ
ԶԴϣ˵ز֪£ֺΡ룬һƷ㻯Ϊ꣬
һж˰ׯࡣ
ֻгϫһ̤صɽ֮ϡ
ˡ
ϫӰһȻһ⣬Ӳ糿صһ⣬ʥ嫡
һƣبǰסڡ
䣡
ϫ䣬һϼϯݺݺһɫĻϣƵײ
ȵǣǽɫĻһ㼴ָ
䣡
ϫٴγ֣һΣѶ˰˳һɹЮϼɢܻΪΣݺɱ¡
һɱ𡢽ˣȻȴվδƿһɫĻ
óϫԾһԺȻֳһֳʢѤĹ֣Ψһ̨С
ָΪһţʽɱ
һѶ˳ϫȫ
¡
걬Ƭɽ۶𶯣һΣǽɫĻӲһ
ৡ
ͬʱϫӰһͳû˽ȥʧ
ܿ죬Ĵ±պϣָԭ״ϣȴǲ̻ŵʮͷڡ

Դ֮⣬һԴǰݲޱȵƲʲôǺȻһĨЦ⡣
գ̲סЦ
ЦԽԽֱЦֱʣ˷Ʋ㡣
ЦУ͸ޱȵο죬ʲô´Ըһ㡣
˲СһӦǺͼĵھˡֻϣܹסп飬ŻѪһۻʼժߣһҲһԸպܷԽϣٳԼռ;ͿԼˡ
ૣϵϾǿȻ
㱼䣬˵
ʱټǧoֶοɽ֮ͨɽȻǧ˵սѹڴˣһУվΪһۻʼ
һУҲΪ뿪ʱΨһǣҡ
Ժ߶ԣһϻԵΨ֮Ϊ˵;
ֹΪԼĵ;Ϊܹ͸ռִ֮֮ͷ
ؽ󡢴ǡֱʣ£м˿԰쵽
Ȼüͷһ壬ʲôɱôСӿҲ鷳ˡ
ţȴʲôġ
ĥ´ڵ;ϸ崼Σ߳һȫһĵ;
ԺϫǾʹزۣҲݣҲֻһ޵߶ѡ

Ĵ֮󣬳ϫͣ۴ܡ
һƬԭʼĹ֣ɽˮ׺УޱȣдϼڣصĻϢ뵣ޱȡ

ϼڣ̺Ž͸ķ㣬ӿϫڣůޱ̩
оͺɿҩҩˮУκ޵߶ѡ
ڴԿջ벻Чˡ
ֻ»ֲĵر
ϫип󣬱ٴ·ڹдУѰһ괫˵еĵۻʼ
ĿģǸ֪ſһƷĹ꣬ԴͷѰȥ
ַܲѰ͸裬궼ڸУʱϫ֮
;Ҳ˲ѰٵҩϫľǣЩҩڳʱľѱȡһգֻ˿ήǡ
˭Щҩ̵ľȡˣ
䣡
ڳϫɻ֮ʣȻһͷݷֲɱϫ


1704 ֮ì
ৣ
ʶأϫһն
ֻӰһһĨɫâٿȻԶԶȥͣһɽʯϡ
ˣɲܹ̤ĵطȥؽ֣֮
磬棬һִգͷųԷ
̫ŴУڱһݣɻգ׻֮תļ֮Ǩɲ֮
ڳڣſںȳ⣬Ҫϫ˱ܣԵ֮
óϫ죬оȻӵǻ۵ݽڣֱ
ˣٳɲɱɱ㣡
ڰʯϣᣬϼڣҫʮء
ŶҵҪһԣܷסҵ·
ϫзһĨɱнһĨɬɱĲ
ৣ
һĨ⣬ٿȻʱգʧ
Ľʽ
ͬʱڻһչӰ˸һӻʮӰ
ÿһӰԶ죬ƽɣ˴γһԲƣչڲ̻
¡
ʮͷѭͷųķӲϫһĥ𣬹ɽ
ϫһУв𶯣ʮͷȻãĽݣ
Ȼһ֡⻯ķţǽһɲǼ˾ŵ⻯
ʽˣȻԶԶ棡һ
һ̣ʮͷȻֿһɲǼ䣬ٿȻʮɫߣʱУӲͬλɱ
ۣۣۣ
ƬصʱձһĿĵĿǲĽɫߣٶ̫¡
ԳϫսסһݣӰ˸ſܿһֹɱ
ͣҲҵۻʼЦؼ䣬쳹ݽڵЦ
һɫߺХݺᣬ꣬ٶȿɲ˼£һ޼᲻ݵĶ
أ
ԶӲޱȵʯ˲ٻһգֻҪԱһմȾɵ³
ϫܣɫصǣʩչ޷ͶԷٶȿ⣡
̫ˣ
Щݽڣƿػӵз֮ټٶȣܻʮӲͬλɱǵڱʮұܷǵȼΧ
һУóϫʶһ仰壬ƿΨһ̨Լеѣοǰڴˣ

أһɫղϫһɿɲķٻƤһ˲ս䣬¶׹ǡ
ЦЦ¹ȥ޵߶𣿿Ǩ֮·Ѹ಻ӣ
ǽٴη͸һɸˡ
ߣ
ϫߣɫȷѱһĨɱ
Ųƣԭأһ˲ϢһּľС
ƥǿ糱ˮ㣬ǵɢƬصÿһռ䣬ԺڸֳһֶĿʥࡢĹ֣Ψһ̨С
һ˲ѣϫһˣڣİ罣ֱ죬һԨԾľ񽣣һȻʣ
ৣ
ͬʱһɫ߻ƲЮԷٻǬĿɲ
죡
ױȵĿ죡
ϫ޷ʱ׽ס켣
֮ǰһϫȻѡܣһûô
һ̣۾
ڵ֮ɢ
ĽһϽͬҲһ֮ؽ
ߣ֮䣬ɹŽɺݣ
ɬԶݹ۹Ž޵ߣ鿴¾޺ܹ֮ȫԦߣҲһСˡ

ৣ
һɲʱնᣬﾲֹ
ΨһĨ⣬ǡһƷ磬ӹ硣
۵һȻ飬ΪɢһĨɱĽɫ߷һҽС
ָԭ״ǽɫͬΪһͷڣֻһֻȴն䣬˿Ѫٷ
һ
նһֻ
ڰ׹ǡһմӲ䡣
䣡
ʯɽֻȻΪһŽɫ⣬ɢؼ䡣
ţ
ؼ䷢һŭ
δʹ˽ŵɫߵĹҲδֹͣɲ
һɲǡ
ŵɫ߱㱻ͬһʱն䣬ָģԶʧһֻҽ
¡¡
һ̣һһִ䣬ڱ飬ڴĿĽɫ⣬١
ʼգϫԭأպϣɫȻδŲư벽
Ψен֮ǰնʮնʮֻɴ䣬赭дԶһ޵ġʽɵĽȴǿƾס
ϫ۾ʱȴ벻һĻʮͷڽɣ֮ϣȴٴδһ
ɶСޣʽĺİʲô˲ޣŹģ
У͸һܻζһͷˣ̺ݻƵġ
óϫһû
ٺٺٺ٣ɵ˰ɣǰ׳ô۸ģĿ̻ڴ£Сһ㰡̫ɣ̫ˣ
֮ǰϣ͸һɵɪ̱ζ
ϫüӴɨأȴδԷټһҲһ̣ʹ˳ţƶԷԶȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôֶˣϫüЩ
ҡҡͷϫٶ룬˴ξΪһۻʵ·;ϳգҲ֣
;ϣһƷĹһֱƣδɢԶԶӼƮ
ϫһ·нȴǱñ֮ǰ費١
꣡
һյ󣬺ȻһȾѪͭì͸ʱգͣԵףɱ֮ǵأĲ
ǿϫ˿Ҳ¶궯ɱϮȻܿơ
ߣ
ϫߣӿȼǡһƬڡ
أ
һգʽļ֮ͭìײһ𣬷ͬһڴը
ŵŵţ
ϫľǣǳìȻͬˣһɲǼ䣬˵һìͷԣٴαɱ
Ҫ֪֮ǰϫƾȽ⣬ױնһֻԺһȾѪսì
׳գ֮ì;ȥ޻أųçŵһ֮ȴĽ翵ʽ֮ӲֱȰ׳ջ׳գϣǻɡ
һٴ𣬵󣬼̱һֻζ
ˣ⡱ģǷᵽ˼¡
֮ì
ϫԺиͷһһȾѪսìɱ촷ʱգݿ࣬Ե͵˼¡
ϫ޿ɱܣֻ֮Ӳ
¡һɲײһΣٴεЩ顣
䣡
ȳϫϢʱձ飬һͭսìٴɱ
սìȷ̫ǿӲʽ򵥴ֱٳһ;ݿİԵȴÿ֮


1705 Ǻ
νһʮᣬˡ
ֻҪ߱ԵѹһУ
֮ì;޼᲻ݣ֮Կֱһλ޷ɽ־Բᶨעᱻȡ־ĻʧҲͲԶ
һɲǣϫȼ򵥴ֱĹҲƾһļ£Ҫܣ֮ػء
ɱڴʱһɪζٴ𣺡С׳գԣ֮ìᾡ֮һܣǡˮۣˣذܣ
ղ˵ʲôţ㰡̫ᣬ̫ɣǵԹ˳˵أҲ˶ˡ
죡
ֱ̫òóϫҲһ꣬ɫغȳһ䡣
˵ǱɱͭսìϫȴǲܣʶһСʽ֮Ӳ
䣡
һν棬ϫɱˣȴǻһ֮ì
֮ǰʮͷսʱĥ£ҳƿʽĺİ壬֮ìǷҲһĥ£ǶԺʽƿأ
أһͷϫԺȻһ
ϫһԡ
¡¡
¡¡
ϫնκη˱ͷȫ֮ìԿ
̶̼֮䣬㽻ϰٴΣÿһײӲըһǳɽ
ʼգϫԡʽ֮档
ʽ֮ӿ°֮Ρ룬֮翵ʽսʱһƾɽ飬ѹһеơ
ȻϰٴνУϫϱˣѪǶһ˿˿ѪգȴԽԽҲԽԽ£ԽսԽǿ
ֱһֱָﲻƵ֮ˡ
УʽҲǱĥµԲ죬һǧ̤ɽӣֻҪɨأϯ
¡
գϫ͵һХһս񣬻Юһն
һɲǼ䣬֮ì÷ٴ̶󣬴ì⿪ʼպȻһƬ꣬׷ɢ
һ̣ϫɫޱϲ
ʽĺİѾȫգȷϣʮͷڵĹɱ֮ìӲʵףԶǶԼһֿ顣
˵ǶԼյġĽһĥ£
սʤԿһ·ǰ
ʹʧܡ
ֻ¾ͽ׺һۻʼԵˣ
ף
һٴ𣬿ЩԾܿͻָǹɵɪζľͷڿˣ湻ģ֮ǰ㣬ʽԿ֮ì׳ջоϡ
һΣϫδգɫ棬лˡ
֮ǰȷһԼԼ֮ìĿɲ֮ȻЩ̶ϾҲһæ
ȻҵлţС׳ֱ̫ûиˣΪʲôҺȻеСοأвУҿɲôģҪ̫ûˣ
߶߶ᣬ˲ʤ䷳ֱĳ฾Ƶġ
ϫȴֱˣҡҡͷǰȥ
ʲôأ
ϫЩڴ
ƺûãһȻӿ֣ڱأзƱã׵罻仯֮
ڷӵгȻĳϫԣԡ
ȴδΣգһ󣬼û½룬ѱ·
ܿ죬һֻֻɫͷ׵ѳ֣˱ŸѤԣɷ
תǾһƲȻĹ⣬кƮѰٵټ
ٺٺٺ٣С׳գһɲˣΪ֮һֵ

ԴܵĳϫȻһݣӽǰһâƵĹ⣬ȻײڽϣĽ
ȳϫӦ˷һӾӿǧϰٵâ⣬ÿһæⶼϸޱȣ͸ƱõУԲ
Ϊ˵ǣÿһâڹұܷǵȲεȫһǵѱǵ龰ֱ˸е
޷Χ
һ˲䣬ϫжϳơ
ԭڣЩâ̫࣬µֵסҲָâ⣬糱ˮϢ
ϫͬЩȻЩȸֶһȺ޷ԷκҲ޷ѰٵԷκټ
ǡ
һƳǰ
ϫѾһĥ£Ա˶ԣأɶԳϫ˵һҵľѻᣬԲʹ˴ˡ
ৣ
һ̣нȻһһԲ͸ĽĻ
ĻУ³ɽӹתУһƻɬӨ֮ڷ⡣
ĽԲʽ

һĽĻӨӨ⣬һâ赲⡣
ϫܳ
ǧٵâ൱ǧٸ𷢶ڴ˿ɱڽĻ֮ϣɵĳ֪жֲ
Ǿʹȥϫǰ֣ӵԴԴĲҲһܡ
֮ǰϫһĥ£ԵΣ֮󣬲δҡ
ʼ˼ƽ֮
һУȻҪڡԲʽϣΪڳϫһ飬ԵıԱԲʽոߵϡ
ܽһ⡢ɣΪĻôԼ֧ţƾƿؽļɣڲ֮ء
ôƻľתƵһ
ϫԺвš

УһһâХ粻ӿĳˮϺ𣬲ϳŻԲĻ
ϫ䱻ӰĵˣȴȻδ㣬ȫݡԲʽİ֮С
ٺ٣С׳գȥֻ»ᱻЩǺɱһң˵ᷢȱָһ·
ϫӰǱһЦŪưͲóϫһ㡣
ЦȻֹš
ΪУϫһԲĻȻһƵֹǽһһĹ⣬һӿһ֮ЩɢɣΪ˽Ļ󱻳ϫƿء
ָоͺǻԲĻһɲ̶ϻˮˮԽ̶࣬Խ
ˮǵԳ̶ˮ׼޷κεӰ졣
ǵȼˮԱȳ޵ߣֻѲܹӵС
һ̵ĳϫԵüΪݣ֮ǰǱ
иһĨϲΪһ̣ճ˱Բʽĺİ壡
ǾǡԲһ
УǱɵûԲĻ߱ˡĹԣǹؼ汸
ô죿
һЩܻߣͲβСһ
¡
ʱȻ飬һйһգڡ
Сһʣһ飬ƾԼı´ұٲΪ֣


1706 ϰ
һƳܻЩա
ϫȴҡͷʱѴжϳԷκζ⣬ֻЩ꣬ҲЩǷѡ
ǰС
ʱʱպȻһ󲨶ӳֳһֻ񿥷Ƿ
ѩ˫צƽɣȻԣһǳһ˵ζ
ͷһڣ뵳Ƶ߲ԣҫ֮
˿˫̧߰ϸѩ׵ͷ­ֱ񿥽˼¡
ϫҲһ죬ôоԷһֻëֻһƤңһܵɪɧӡ
ߣʲôǲҵĸǰԲλˣб˳ϫһۣǽ֮ɫ
ϫڻȻԭһˣĺһֻë
һ뵽⣬ϫǲһĨЦ⣬λմ
⡰ëƻȻûϫеĵ٩һ̧ͷС޻òҲ¸㣬ҵçŻУʱ콵ɫƣӿʮ񾪲ǳΪ֮𶯣ʱȻԻˣⶼѳΪçһ޷ĥӡ
Խ˵⡰ëԽ˷ܣĭɣɷٲȻһпǰģ
ϫȴһüδ˺޳ܵϼһճһأǿжˡ
λë˵ǵçŻеһo֮⣬Ǵ˵ãθս£ɨǧ򾳵ģκмֵϢ
óϫһȫû뵽ʥׯУһƷ⣬ͺǷһϲţȻʼջһɪģ
ϫͷһиԵݣһʱЩЦԷǡ
ϰסϫſھ͸Էһƺš
ȴڵһ˲˶ԷǿҲû˵꣬ȳ󵨣ʲôﱾ䣬çʱڣҲȲ㣡
ϫһΣ㡭
󵨣á㡯ݱ棬ֱǴ󲻾
ϫʱ֣̽һץסԷӣסһֻƵģԵ쳣ɣҲȻֹ綼徲ˡ
ͣҲԳ棿ϫٸҺҲһ㣡
ǡëûֱ£۾˵ȴϫסÿҪѪ
գήˣһ޾ɲģ
ϫˣ֡
ɾշſλëͷŭСޣȻ˶Դ棬֪ңҲһʦ㡭
Ȼֹٴαϫһץסʺζը޾ߣȻˣһëͷС޶Լˡ
ɶ
ʵڿɶ񰡣
ԺͽϰˣţùԹҵģٸᣬҿͲˡϫɨһۣ֡
ϫҪЮϰײȻŭҪ˵ʲôɳϫ۾һɣʱɫһͣߵĻӲʽͷһҲһŭڡģ
ңһۻʼϫʱѹסһ棬Ҳһ
˵ʵղҲðһգһôǺȷǲ롣
ҺãĶˣԷʵǿ൱ĳϫУֱǲֵһɹ
ڸղţɻɶԷĳλڴܾӲ֪£ƢŹֵĸء
Ȼϫɲ˶СԷˣܹܾУһΪ˼顣
ƾʲôҪ㣿ϰһ̺ȻƽյԼѩ׵
Ŷȷϫü硣
ϰ׻һһת
˵⣬һӣһּΪ̬˹ˣҶδ㲻֪ҲҲƽˣҲ޷
ϫһҡͷ飬ƫƫװģ湻αġ
ҲýҴԷǸȽαǷȰţϼһˣܼƽϳʲô
·ϫɴ䣬ֱӵ
ϰҪ˵ʲôǿϫɫƣƲƲ죬ȻΪʼ磬һСһûĵģ
Ȼĳ𣬳Զȥ
ϫн
һ·ϣϰķ򣬸Լ֮ǰжϵĲ𣬽ԶңңָһƷƮķ
һȻƷвˣжҲ㿿סϫаֹһ䡣
Сһǰ߾һˣСһЩû㡣κϰ׺Ȼڣһɪģ
Ժҳϫ
ϫɨ˶ԷһۣŰĿңңԶһƬι״ɽͣڴϣ߰һͨͺͺݲ
һʲôϫʵע⵽һƬΣգܲѰ
ϰԵúʹ죬Ȼ˵Ͳ֪ˣƬɽħ룬ÿһɽУѹһ𽣻꣬ǰĽ߻ħΨһƽ곤ڴˡֻҪܻɱǣԿһۻʼӰˡ
˵⣬б˳ϫһۣȻϫ治òһ䣬һʧܣζţڹأǲܳġ
һ仰ֱӾͱϫˣһ˵ʲôܰԼԼһ档
ϫģϰײЦΪŻ㣬ÿһ𽣻꣬ԶĽţʽĺİ壬Ӧһʽжǿ
ţʽ
ϫУһʽɱ֮׼ڵԵĶԾУۼɱԹڸС
ΪɲģһʽֹɱˣҾ׼ޱȣһֿ޷ܡ
ϰԣһѹħеĽ꣬һƿһеĺİ壬óϫܲľ
ãϫһĨȻһƬħȥ
ΣҪһۻʼһΣգҲ˶ֹˡ
ǣЩǣûˡϰȻ˿ϫ˼
µϫǵøղıԲʽ𣿡
ϫӰȻһ٣һָ㣬ͷҲصлˡ
ֵлϫֱ̫ûˣ滹ǺοĽɽ̻壬Ҳ渶һƬˡϰ׸߰ͷ­һп
ϫˣԾԺٸûûƤļһˣ
ء
ħǰ絶ХؼһƬɱΨһݲɽ̾ᣬһͷͷ˯ڴµçޣֻҪκη紵ݶͻһ㡣
ϫԣԶԶһУһ޵Ľ⣬УһĨĹ⡣


1707 ݺ
ܼʮɽ塣
ÿһɽнԶݷһ޵ĻɬϢ˷ˣƹǹȻϰ׿еĽɡ
һ֮䣬ϫжϳħеĴһüȻһĨɱ֮
Щ꣬ƿšţʽĺİ壬ԵϫҲ壬һӵϣǵ龰Կɲޱȡ
Һã֮ǰѰ߷֮ġԲʽİȫգдΪ̣óϫĲ١
ಣ
Ȼ֮䣬Զ类һ鲼һĨµĽпֱϫɱ
죡
׼

ţʽľ跢ӵ쾡£һһϢУ̫ɲˡ
һɲǣϫƵطһɺëȻʶأת𡰱Բʽ
أ
һ̶ײûԲĻ걬ϫ˶ݺɳȥѪѪ
̫ǿˣ
ֱʮɽһ廨ϣݺݺҶһֲֿޱȵĳ
ǱԲʽһԽϫһĨɱ
Ⲣǿţۼٶȣ⡰ţʽ硰ʽۼɱʹ͸ԿĽһʽ
ಣ
һԶٿȻ˺ʱնǱԲʽô;׼ֱָϫüҪ֮أ
浱Լ۸ˣ
һϫ͵ػӽͬһСţʽնɱ
¡һڰжײԱԲǧǬը飬ʱҡ
ϫľǣ֮ԱȣԼġţʽӣпãһٱ㱻ԷѹɷĩҶԷƲأԳԼɱ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ٣ͨԱȣȴóϫʱԼڡţʽϵգȷ̫࣡
أ
нӶһĨն飬ϫſֵģȻǼԶɽȻֵһɫӰ
ԣӰö룬ֱһչ¶Ϸâ
ڴ˵Ľ꣬Ľ߻ħΨһƲл꣬ûǣԳħײϣɱԣǸ磬һƽԻн޷ֻ
Ǳç֮ѹڴˣ޷Ϊ䣬Ϊڴ˵һɭϹؿ
ҪȡһۻʼֻֽҪôɱǣҪôɱ
ৣ
һٴγиһĨӨӨɱɨ
ţʽֱֱô򵥣żΪ΢ı仯ҽǣˮα仯ʼնЮһɾ׼ƣ
ͬʱϫҲˣԣ嫵ܻһطģѭܣӳĵһ㣬ˡ
ء
һ˲䣬ǽ֮㽻ϰٻغϣ˴˽Զʩչţʽ˴˽ײâԡ
Ƚ漫ΪգΪ˴˽Զɱ֮ĽУһ˿Ĳͻᱻնɱ
ǽ꣬ϫԻǰȫ࣬ΪյġԲʽڻΪġ
ϫ˿ȴռκαˣԭڡţʽƿϣвԷս֮ʱòһٶĲȡԡ
ಣ
ȻԶһɽϣȻһ⣬ܻΪһ𽣻꣬ƿն뵽սУһ𽣻һԸϫ
ʱ֮䣬ϫг
ԭԸһ꣬òʱԡԲʽԾȣֶһͬǿĽ룬֪˺εȴѹ
УȥһħʮɽеĽȫǻ˵ã
սپ
ǣƾ֣
ʶأϫ˼ˡţʽϣһĥ£ԵıǽţʽֱʱԳ͸
̫ˣ
Ȳ򡰺ʽʽԲʽҪ̫࣬ǲһжȼҽУϫѶʱȥ׽һɱϣ
ǵģҪʱ䣬Ҫȥݣźǣļл£Ϣʱ䶼ûУҴüΪϾ˵ټоȥݽţʽİˡ
ȻҲͨʵսһȥĥ£ϫɲұ֤ȫ֮ǰԼܷܳ׳͸аˡ
ಣ
أɽϣһ⣬ٴһ𽣻ߺХ
óϫɫޱȣٶ룬ȫӦս
һʱ֮䣬ƬԶƥĽ⣬ݺύХʮأɲޱȵϯɢܡ
ǵ龰ֱĩһ㡣
ũǻţԾ׵һսҲ֪θ룿
ʥѲ²⵽һ㣬ԲŻȻȻһԵɣ
ϾԳϫսնɱ֮񾳵ũɵȴһ·ϴƣĥµִħ֮󣬸ǱѹƵĴУ£֪˻Ĵˡ
֮ȷ˭ġ
ڴ˲֪£δܹȡеĵۻʼԭԶ

룬ϫױѹƣ޷֮
ֻ̡ԲʽϷܣÿһɱڻԲĻϵĽЮһױȵĳóϫѪݣֱǸһѪ
䣡
κ󣬳ϫٴαɣɫ΢΢Щ԰ףɼᶨִšǳ
ܾúܾãϫûֱѹƵĸоˣⲢδе־
ΪԼ֮·һʼĥ¹ģ˶ھ׿Ȼսʱû֪Ϊ˸˶ٵѪŬͺˮ
û֪һ·˶ٵɱٺ׻
һжѲҪĳϫԣԼһޱȵĥ֮õĺôԲԼʧ
ȻΪҪģʱʱ̳̿еպϵĲϴѹ
һ̣ϫǱȴκιǡκͷ졢ءˡ
Χء
ʱš
һۻʼ
ССԺСеȫһսУ¯еһ龫䱻ϴʼȴһֱδۣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Уɽ塢ɽ塢н뵽սУΧϫ
ƥĽɱ֮ġţʽʩչݺʮصĹ⣬޼᲻ݣնɱǬ
ϫԲĻӿԶԶһͬһƤ򣬲ϱɣκм֮
ѾʮŸ꣬Сһôδţʽİ壿
ħԶϰȻƲۣ֮ңңעԶսһﲻϷʡ񡢵ɪ֮ɫ͸һ˿ɻء
֮ܰǰֳ츳ԣڵ֮ǰԲ͸аˡ


1708 鼫
ϰ׺ܿȻҡͷСȻһֱ򣬿ɾȻܿסʮŸѹȷҲƵǧһˡ
Ǻܿ죬ɫ±أһĨĵ֮ɫ

ϫϿѪɫ԰ףԡԲʽɵĻԲĻҲĭʱʱ̶̿ס
ϱһƥĽɣм֮ͬ᧿Σ
Щʵ̫ǿˣ½áţʽȴһʰ㣬ͷųݵơ
ǵԵũǵڷ֮񾳵ֻ¶κһ˵Ķ֣
ʮλᴩʮأݺ˻ϣѹϫһˣ֪ǵƺε֮ɲ
ԳϫԣȾֺε֮ա
ΪҪǣʱƣԶħʮɽУһҲζţһλλ뵽ս֮С
أ
ڣڽĿﵽڶʮʱϫ߾ȫʩչġԲʽظݺݻ飬Ϊӿ
˻
Զϰ׵һĶɤۣһѵһ٣
δ̫ϧˣ
ڴ̫ã˲֪µʴԹȴһֱδܹ̤˼䡣
˵ϫϰĵһ޵ߣϫ֮ǰһֱ֣Ҳʵܲףϰ޵Ŀ⣬Ҳȱ
Ȼϰ׺ܲϫԼֱ̬ȣɵһˣһɲǱվʱϰҲǵǵ˼¡
ˡ
ۼһХҪϫնɱ䲻ݷ֮ʣһԲĻٴӿ֣˳ϫǰ
¡¡
飬٣ɢʮ
أϫٴαɳȥѪȾ졣
ʵ̫ǱҲ̫գϰװһֲ֮࣬Ϊһ亹
Ѷÿ̫ǱСһ̼ɡ
ϰóĴظһ龪һӡ
ܿ죬һ£ֽӲΪҰУϫĴδ˶תұΣա
أأأ
ϫġԲʽϱ飬ÿһζԵǻԲһ˿ɵ³
ǵȲյĴ־Բᶨֻ֮Ǳɱˡ
ϫȴûУһһգһһαΪģֵܹڣֱһ漣㡣
ϰȴǿüΪǲ漣漣޹أϫܹһУȫǿ
ֻΪ־ǻۡ־
뿪ЩΪپޣҲȻҲԼֵڡ
ԽЩȴϰԽǾĺ͵ǣΪʱƣѾʮλսˣ
ĿԿƺˣʮũǿľʣһԳϫǱ˿Ǿ°ͣŲɡ
ৣ
Ƭ̺󣬵ʮλս
ϫɫҰֽȾѪһֱļ󣬿ɼᶨ
ʼһֱѹú޻֮ȴһֱڼţš
ৣ
һɱһٽϫĻԲĻն÷飬ͬˣعݣĿҡ
ʮˣһô޶ۣûţʽĺİ
ϰ׽ŵûȳϫĺͽǣֱ޲ó볡У׿ڸһţʽȫ
ϧôһǰڹأҪǣϽԼ޷±ָ飬Ҳ𲻵κá
ৣ
ƿգʮ
һɲǣϰɫˣͷ߲ųʢԣһּϢĸо
ָоϰѾܾúܾòˣȴĿһսʱָоϰǷŭСһҲ̫ĥˣ
ôˣ
¡
ϰ겻ʱ򣬺ȻԶսȻ仯
һݵķ֮¯ǧ֮ڴ˿Ȼճ
һɲǣȻһţΨһĨ⣬ɭ磬˺ѳգһš
ϸѰٵһĨټֵ̫죬Ҳʧ̫졣
Ȼ󡪡
أ
նɱϫһƥĽͬһʱ飬Ĺɢض
ʮ𽣻类סͬĶղͬ
ǣϰͫȻһ
ۡ
һ죬һ𽣻ֽһɲȻ˺ѣȻ
һУԶһ˲䣡
ϰ׳ס
ħϣɢϸ齣ããڲɢ˺ʱգء
ʮѹڴµĽƬϤûںУʧʷС
һж˶˾Ķǣ

ֱãһвָžΨһһ󼱴ٵĴϢؼصš
ǳϫȾѪɫҰֽסнڲϵĲ
ĿĴϣڴϢţģ֮ǱңһԺȴ֮ǿ貵ǳǸǷһĨظЦݡ
ʤߵЦݣģ͸ޱȵĽĿȴΪ֮ݡ
һսԿԳƵɱƵƵյ˼£Ҳ˼¡
񣬶ֽѷϫЦ
κϰ׺ȻһڳϫǰһּΪӵ٣ڿˣһΪһαء
ϫϢӣղƺһŰɣ
ϰɫһͣߵţһ˲֪£ʲôûܽţ
ϫһֱЦЦϰһ飬ɿתƻôо˽ţʽĺİ壬Ϊγٳٲ϶֣ҪԼǱ
ϫһӨӨԣսܵһۿɼٶڻָš
κĿңңħԶһۻʼ
ϰһգ𼱻ǵ㻰أתƻ⣡
֪
룡
ܼ򵥣ֻһԼļ
شϰ׶ʱסԼļޣԼȥ鼫޵ģ
СһֱǸӣ
ϰֱ޲ƿڴղǽŵҪ뵽ԷһУȻֻǳһԭ
ȻţϫĿȴǲ֪࣬иһ˿ӡ
ҲֻˣܳԽԼռ֮·ɣ
ϰףû˰ɣ
Ȼϫڣ˼еϰףѩһչƲ񷳯Զȥ

ϫһû뵽ϼһξʹ죬ҡҡͷæȥ
ħ룬ǰãһϽɫĳԣӳҰС
ϫһԣȻܣ


1709 ֮
һϽԴ磬߱ۻƮ⣬֮ܣȣĿ֮
ʣϫ֪һۻʼȻϾʵǾˣ翪ٵذ㣬ӿϼڣ
һƷܽ͸̫꣬Ũң񽬣ӿϫڡ
һɲǼ䣬δϵƣǵõһֲ˼޸̶̶̣̼֮䣬ֹƳ޸õ棬쳣ڻȸԾһ㡣
óϫֳһδ̫˼飬ֱȿҩЧûҪǿ󣬸֮ǰԿʮ𽣻µƣҪҵʱȥ
񣬽ȫϣ⻻˭ֻ¶𶯣ˡ
ǱǵۻʼڴѲ֪£ܽպ񾳣Թڸ£ܹ֮֮ͬƥУ
ϰָԶͨϽԣڣȻ˵ȻΪϵ¶һݣ뿪ʱֻҲû뵽һۻʼܹӴ񡣡
ϫüëһ˻
ϰ׺ȻмɵСӣѵ㻹ûףǴ֮ڻǧ֮ĻԴЩѹɽϵһս꣬ڴڵĪΪ˱֤һۻʼܹˡ
˵⣬ȻϾ֮٣龫ǲ˶ֶΣһۻʼֻǴĨɱˡ
ϫ𶯣û뵽һˡ
ϰףңλȡϫһǿ԰еĳ嶯ڡ
ܹһͨϵϽܣһɼΪֲ궼¶ðȻȥ
һֻҪӦ֤׾ٻȡһϻԵӦƾֶͨΣҲ˰벽
ϰ׺ٺһЦӵͦţһ͵ȳϫϹćNɪģ
ϫһĨ⣬ϰȴǴ粽ãŲӽеɱ棬ҲЭ
˵
ϫЩΣһֻ˲֪£޳ܡαаţƤޣȷͷۡ
ϰԣ۾ȻԴ㽵ؿܿڵСһ㲻ҵĿưһѾį£ֻ˻ǵ浱ķɧˡ
Խ˵Խףϫһüϵ˵򵥵㣡
ϰɫһͣԹƵغ˳ϫһۣղһįȻ̾Ϣôȥߣɹô
ϫ޳ϲҪģȻ⵽˼¡
һ뵽ӦԷԺҪһֻëͬУϫһͷ
ߣװίˣç֮ҲһʦߣֱСһһ컯޵ǧǧ򣬿ûȸ֣οǾǹҿɶȥġ
ϰ׼ϫԥЩãģϵһ
ҿԴӦҪ֤ȥ֮һжҪҵġϫãҧ
һΪ
ϰ׵ʱüЦևNɪҾ֪СӲһ컯ˡ
˵⣬һؿ˳ϫһۣɿȵˣһһֻҪӦٲȻһôߵ
ϣ
нһϫɱڵɨϰһۣŵöԷһʱͺʶʱرˡ
ˣѾӦ㣬ڿԸ˰ɣϫԲֻܸɫԷֻűǷ֮
š
ϰڿնѩչһŵĻȣٿȻ˺ʱգһͨϽϼǰ
Ȼͷ߲Ȼ뵳һĨҫ۵Ĺ⣬ɢ
¡¡
һĨ⼫Ϊ죬߲ͷףӿŻɬصϢ֮һͨϽϼܵʱȻ
ƴһȳµĽƣؼ䶼쳹¡¡֮֮䡣
һʱ֮䣬ɫҡҷƵϺХƬɽӳյһƬ財쵡Ŀ
֮䣬صһһ֮ɢ
ǵ龰ȷǿĶǣһǰһһչ֡
һ̵ϰףԵϡׯ֮һţµơ
ϫȴðԺЦֻʲôʱ򶼲԰ڡ
ৣ
ϰ˫絶һնӲпһֱָһϽԵײ
жʱһãٽ٣
ϴϰǼٶصóϫһݣĻҵӰһѻһĨ⣬Хȥ
Ȼϰ֮ǰŵʼգϫδκ谭һٵִһϽԵײ
ǵһʱ䣬ϫͿһۻʼ
ͨϹ٣ųʢҫ۶Ŀ˼£ͷųһĵۻ֮
ϸȥɫԵ쳣䣬ƯһɫâһſŽɫǳѭУԵĻֺ
̫ȻͲ
ͳϫ֮ǰƷƷƷۼȻͬȫǲͬĴڣ
һۻʼһλԴۻʣϢ֮ǿóϫҲ鲻ԽһȻһ˿¶
¡
أ쳹һףһֱĵëȻʲôҪ١
춯֣
ͬʱϰ׵ĴԵޱȽƺͽš
ৣ
ϫһʶһӣһϯסһۻʼӰһԭ·ȫء
¡¡
һУض𶯣һԵĿֲ٣һͨɫӲĨ
ԭؼϼһҲǺȻҡը顢
һʵ̫ɲನɢһգۼ䣬ǽϰ׿ٳһͨҲ촷һա
ǳϫؼʱԲˣ
ܣ
ϫϰ׼ƵĴವһ¾ͳԶӴܶȥ
ϼһӵı˭죡
ϫаһ䣬Ҳæϡ
ƾǿ֪ԼƬأѻΪһƬڰһĳţûһͨɫԣûͷ׳ʢĹ꣬ҲûƵ
еģǺڰĺڶĺ
ţ
أϫһע⵽һƬĺڰһȻ֣һţδֹһ㡣
ϫԸҿ϶ǲǻþΪں֮ǰһֻӣ
䡢䡢顢ûκε̫Ͻ޾Ѫȷġ췣֮ۡһģһ
֮ʱΪͼƬԵʣϫһֻ￴Ѻo
һֻʱ꣬ȻϹ֮çŻУóϫܲˡ


1710 
һֻӣ
ϫ𶯣þ޷ƽϢʱԡ췣֮ۡ˽ɺ١
ʱҲ˵ǡ췣ֻ֮ۡΪ̫Ͻã޷̫Ͻ̿ơ
Ҵԡ췣֮֮ۡϣĪ⡣
ɳϫû뵽Ϲ򣬳Ϊص֮ڣ
ûݴ󣬸ղŻٵһϽԡٵƬһеȻһֻӡ
ľǡ췣֮ۡɾδ̫ɲˣʱܹȡ
ϫҪ֪ʱһƬļµĺڰ糱ˮʧػָ
ǣѾܹۻʼԴҲûһ߱ۻϽԡ
ʣµģֻһصķ棬ǽ壬һ٣촷ۣڡ
ৣ
ǰߵϰȻ㣬Ťͷؿȥһµ˵ĶȻһֱδɱۻʼͷ
˵⣬ŤͷϫСһ֣
ϫ˵ͷ֮ǰѾһۻʼԽƷ棬б
ϰƳһָֻһԵõģٺ٣ôҳ֣ȡһϻԵ̽ȡɣ
һΣϫûԷɫصϰףղһоԵԵۻʼĴ٣
ϰײΪȻص˵ͷçʱһֱͼٵһۻʼڴ˲ֶΣֻѱóˡ
ʲôϫʵ
ϰ׻شԼࡣ
ϫĿɨϰףע⵽ϰ׿ƻشɣɵἰʱȴһ˿΢΢Ĳڡ
ˣⶫԺɾ͵۾֮ʱȻףڸ˵ٶ࣬Ҳס
ϰЩͷƲԸἰ£תƻǻǸϽ뿪ɣҿʹˡ
սʱ磬ʹ˴βͬչֳȫҵ󡣡
ϫҲϰⲻ⣬ɿ˵ʱ̫ϽһֱԸеoΪƿ̫ϽеȻ˼򵥡
ϰ׳Ĭˣ֮̾˿ȷ򵥡
ϫüѵûһЩ˵𣿡
ϰʼ磺ûС
ϣ
ϫнһƽ
ϰŭСһҸ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵ľԲ˵ɱҰǵߡ
ϫϰãջҡͷתԭ·ء
ϰ׼ˣֹͬҲҡҡͷų׷ȥ

Ƭ̺󣬳ϫ߳⣬»صɽ֮ۡ
ԶڵƺտȻ̵Ĳ񷣬ϫһʱҲһظĸо
һ֮Уսʮͷݡս֮ìսǺսʮ𽣻ꡭֱȡһۻʼһ·Ͽνջͬ
ֹǳɹһۻʼҲֹͨһսĽĴʽĺİȫգҪǣڲԳԼļ
֮⣬һ޴ɻҲǰһĽǷ֮ǰġ췣֮ۡ
ϧϰײԸ¶һжԵ˷ˡ
ϫȷһ㣬çֶܹ֮ͨΣһۻʼһ٣֤һɽ֮޷Կġ
㹻ˡ
ϰ׸˹Ƶչѩ׳򣬸пˣؼˡ
ϫôֻ񣬾ֱɽȥ
Сһǵأҿ޷ȷµԵɡϰ׷ڳϫϣٺЦ
Ȼ㲻֪£㣬֪νơϫȻʵ
⡭ϰɫһͣЩ߳ŭǿϸԪŴڵطĿ֪
Ȼֻ̽ϰףɵĻشʱϫɲһʧ
ϸԪ
Ǿһ£Ϊֻᵮơа֮ط
νԪһ籾ԴӵʧḶ́ƣΪ޷
ֱ͡
Ϲųӵǧ򾳣ɹףǽԶǵͬһ籾ԴС
籾ԴӴ񣬾ݱڵϹ
ݳϫ֪ϹӵѲ֪Ӵ˶£㲻㣬
Ҳʵ޷Ϲ֮ǰһԪУ˶±Ǩ
Ͼʵ̫ңԶ
Σʮ֮ڣһҪҳķϫһһĨᶨ
ϣãһ̣ҲԲ

һ·ɽκѣҲûɽʱǰ㣬Щѹڴ˵սӡ
ңϰ׵Ĵ£ϫȷ֣ص·;ʮ౶ûãͷصһȴ֮ǰ
Ҳֻڴ·ϱ츳ˡϫƳϰһۡ
СһǴ·Сආˣֱд֪ҵꡭϰײȻŭ
˵һ룬ͱϫһĿס죬ʵǱϫ֮ǰ߬ŲӽѵЩˡ
ˣӦȥһжҪҵġϫһ仰뵽˴֮С
ǸûòĳСӣϰûֱ£׷ȥԣ֪ʲôнڲһ

ˣ
ʮ졣
ôûһϢ
ϧ֮ǰ뿪ʱ߾ʲô
ϣߣΪ˵Щ˭һﶼоտưˡ
ˣˡ
ϻֺĴУ޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮ۷׷ס
ʱƣϵ޸ȴδϫǽԶЩǡ
˵ϫòʲôɣϾũһҲУϫ⣬˭Ҳ޷֪ˡ
𾣺Ȼڵ
һ仰޺۵нԶһҲһ㡣
ˡ
ڴʱǴ֮Ȼһ󲨶ӳֳһӰ
ϫ
̧ȥԶһظӭȥ
޺۵һֱȺڴˣϫҲһůǷһĨЦ⡣
˶Ѫգܿ죬޺Ǿע⵽ϫȾѪͻͶԾ
϶ũЩһɵģЩĶҧƿڴ
֮ǰڴ˶ȡһƷۼʱũһ͵Ϯˣ˿̼ϫȾѪ³ɺ붼ӿͷ
λصģҲûôϫЦЦ
ũأ޺ʵ
ߡϫŴ
ԣһĬϫǰأζţڶȡһۻʼĽУϫҲʧܸգ
һ뵽⣬ȻοϫûϵϾֻһˣܰȻأʵס
ܻͺáҲγѣ׷װοϫ
ϫʱЦԷǡ


1711 ֱԲ
ȻЩЦԷǣϫǽ͵λصģҿû˵˴жʧˡ
һԶ⡣
ѵ˵ѶȡһۻʼȻӯӯЩŵ
ҲǺݺһĿ˳ϫģɾ̫ˡ
ȳϫڣһȻޱȵ𣺡ǵȻϻԵֵ
һӰٿȻǴ֮ڷɳò£Ȼϰɡ
˫һڳϫϣһˣٲȻһˣָ㽭ɽģ
ò˵ϰ׵໹Ǻܻ˵ģһѩʥһԣצƽɣ䣬ͷ߲߲ʹϼ񿥷Ƿ
һ֣ʱס޺۵ˣԶЩɲشϰףȷԷ
ˣϰ⣬ǴͷԵģû棬ҡ
ۼֻҪԴޣϫɫһƳһۡ
ϰɫһͣƲƲ죬ʼԼëһȴǲźۼش޺۵ˡ
λ
ϫýϰ׵ݣֱ²˳٣ǻ뿪˵
вɻ󣬿ɿϫģҲʱ˶ʡ

ʱ֮һУʱ·˳ܿ߳
˳ˡ
ףǣ
·ϫһ˳֣Щ˷޵߽Զһ궯첻ѡ
һֱڴ˵Ⱥ򣬿˷뿪ּϫһ˷أȴΨũһ˳֣ǽԶΪϫһ˱ȻҲһ顣
ڴˣϫһԲᡣ
޺۹ӣջ񣿡һ޵ߴЦʵ
޺Ƴһۣն񡣡
ĪǡѰһƷۼнԶһ
ἰһƷۼ޺۵˵ɫԶûлӦޱת뿪
ȴ˻ɣÿһ˶¶ɫ
ʧ˰ɫЩ
ǵȻûũһ˻δôһƷۼֻѱũǶȥ
޺һ뿪˽Զ۲ѡ
ߣҲԼͣ³עܶһƷۼǲŽй¡
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ʶ˿Ҳܲѣɣ˵ʱһζ
Ʒۼٺٺ٣һȺС׳գһֻܵӹ
ȻһΪNɪ𣬺εضЩ䳰ȷ
˵ȻϰɣĴųЩͷ̻һȦһЦתƿնȥ
վס˷ŭǳ⣬һֻëƣֱʱϵļ̤
ϰᣬʩʩȻ׷ϳϫԶȥ
꣡
޵̧־һϼʢհ׺磬ɷʱ
أ
δȿϰףһָֻ̽ͷһУͽһĨ顣
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һΪϫ֮ǰĳ̫ˣ赭д֮䣬ͽһĨĨɷѰܹ쵽
ټ֮ǰǶϫһ˴ͽֹսޣǸȥŭ
Ϣŭλʦ鱩ңղֻЩ嶯ˡæԣæȰ⡣
ǳֵ޵ҲһëȻЩ£ȻԵ󣬿԰޵ߣǶϳϫûȥƺͲ
٣ǰ׳գǸҷϡˣϰ⣬ٴγԼѡ
ֹ޵ߣҲһ̶ܣֻݵҲ̫Ƿˣ
ϰף߰ɡ
ϫҡҡͷתȥ
ţũʦڣɸˣ
ųϫһ˽нԶֱʧԶ֮֮ǰֵ޵ŷ߷߲ƽڡ
ˣƲˣΪաԱȰ˵
޵һߣɫѣϲ޺ۡȻǣҲͳϫԿô˵ҲһλԵȴһֻë̤ϣԽܡ
ǳϫҲ湻Ⱶģ֮ǰѳ׵ũʦǣ񻹸˰裬ֻҲҪزۣ޵߶ݺ䲻ѡ
ҪΪϫѾԶȥˣˡ
ԣҲԶΪȻϫȷ̫ӽԴ֮أ𡢽ԿұܷũѰˣֻŵù̻̲գɵã˲
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һ󣬲ϵȻһɲ֮䣬һڵһУԻһƬڵĳʢ⣬ؼ䡣
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ô
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˵ʱôǰôý
ѵ˵һƷۼѱ񣿿ǣΪũһֱδ
òǾƷۼѱ˶ȡ˰ɣ
ʲôʱˣЩʲôߣ
궯Ȼɫæݹ⣬˺ʱӱȥԴ֮һرգⱲӾͱȥˣ

ʱϫһ뿪Դ֮أ߳һԴʶǸ뿪ãѷ츲صı仯
Դ֮ǰļ̨ϣϫһ˳ʱݲޱȣ˯еٿȻ۾һ˲˳ϫϡ
𽥵أԽԽҲǷһĨζЦݡ
ףһȻûϰ׿ˣԴȵؽһ
޺۵нԶһصݣȻϵˣ
̸һ̸ûϰףָָϫڵ
޺۵໥һۣʶȤ뿪˴˵ء
ֻУǲٴ𶯲ѣϫ֮ź󣬾Ϸʲô飬ֹһֻصݣԻ˵ע⣿
ֱ뿪Զ޺㣬ңңԶĳϫˣһƬӡ
ǺȻ֣ԴӳϫӴ֮ڷغƺһˣ͸ˡ
Сһ˵ջ˵ۻʼȴòһ䣬˴ɱ̫뿪˵ֻ֮Ҫ鷳
ʱſųϫֱԲصĴ


1712 δ
ϫɫδеԾ
ɱũһʱԼçŻ뿪ʱȻ鷳
ɣũұܷ򡢵Կ𡢽ࡢǱļ壬ֻ˴¡
ųЩԵĶ˿ѳ񺣱˰ķǰ޵
ϫԴ˲η壬ʱ񣬳ʥ֮⣬˸˭ɱũǡ
ԳϫԣǻᣬֻҪڶԷ֮ǰԱɱ
ҲˣϫŻغһ·ͣ뿪Ϊľץʱ䣬뿪Ƿ֮ء
лǰѡϫ֡
ı
˼ؿ˳ϫһۣ˱ã뿪˵أץʱ佫һۻʼɣһֻҪǵ۾ǿ߳в㡣
۾
֮ϵһ󾳽磡
۾ϹУӵʸ
ѩīŮۣ񱱼´ۣԶȲεĴڡ
Ȼġϫ˵ͷҲ˴ġ
սѲηǿߣϵ۾ԶԶˡ
ʶʵ񾳱Ϊ˵֮
ϫ۳Ψһ̨ΪеļޣŽ񣬹ڸ֮ǰֻȡһۻʼν¾㱸ֻһʱͻƽɾ֮
һֱ裬ڣСô׵ģõģ
ϰߣǲм˵ľٶ
ڴˣһκˣѶϰ׵ָƣ֮Ի
ȻˣжɡѿϫԼԤҪ࣬Ҳο١
ˣ߷꣬ƿغͼеĳϫçʱڵһ;Լϼһָܹġ
ǵ·עκ޵߶ͬʶֻԼȥߡ
ǰϫȴǺȻڵ֪Ƿ֪ƣ
УòҡͷطϸԵӴѰƽֻ֮ǰһ⡣

ϫһһֵлǰָ㡣
ȥɣά裬Ĳ׹ʤ죬ء˵һЦϵϾǹ֮ɫ
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üëһ壬˲ָ
ҲڴʱԴǰġŻУһ󲨶һӰӵг
ǺȻǴԴ֮ӳһ޵ߣֻǶȱũһˡ
ΪǣЩӳ޵ߣֱҲûŪоʲô
Ƕ֪С֮šĴڣȻУһȾƷۼǿĵۻʼ
ΣվǰȻԴ֮صЩ޵߶ԣҲһˡ

ԴأҪһƬçŻǵԽһƬķħִܹçŻУȻçŻ뿪񺣣ղܷصǡ
ִǣǷϹˡ
̣Ҫһʱ䡣
˿̣޺ƿµն«УԥãȻûס˳ϫĻһۻʼ
ԣҲ׷װĿ
ϫ˵ͷûʲôģԺ޺ǱȻҲ֪
õȷд𸴣޺۵ɲ𶯣Щ˼顣
ǡũѾʧˣ޺׷ʵ
ϫƬ̣ջԼذѷɽϵһһ顣
˵꣬ȫǼžһƬѻȸ
˶۾¶֮ɫķһǰδеľκˡ
类ϫŭնɱũһˣѪȾɽۣ֮
Ϣֱ羪Ƶģ޺ǻӲþ޷عǴӳϫ˵ֻ¶ˡ
ϾũұܷڣϫĶֿ߸ÿһڷ֮񾳺պĴڣ
ϫܹǹƥŭնȺۣսǴϹ˭ָˣ
ϫûаԼеľһһϸ˵Ҳû͸¶նɱũһˣսַ˷츲صı仯
ҲҺû˵޺ǷǱ÷ɡ
һΣϰ׵ûгԼյԼһĿɨ޺۵ˣһĽ㡣
ƺ˱𺧵ĸо
ֱã޺ûعϰ׶ʱеȤмеһȺ֮ܣû棬ǰ̫ᣡ
޺۵˶ʱѹϰ׳ɫЩڨڨ
ϫô죿
޺һ¶һĨأɱũһˣ͵ڳ׵Ǳ˴ηطʱֻ¡
ʲôϫԣҲֻʥ֪£Ǿ͵֪£˭֪ǳϫɵģ
ߵҾͲЩ϶ǸҲףͶԳϫˣ
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ȻǺ֮⣬û֪ǳϫɵĴ£ϫֻҪЩ֮ǰ뿪ǣʱݷ˭Ҳκβ
Σգпڷ֮ǰˡ޺ȴ̾
صģΪũһ˵䣬ǱֻҲѱȻҲɳӦǣʱֻҪϫһ˭һɵͷϣ
Ȼ΢΢һЦзһĨ֮ɫ
ڣҲηЩˡ˷׷׿ڡ
۸սȻУǶƴǴ඼ηˡ
ϾҶǳ򶥼˭ܱ˭ˣ
ô͵ڳ׺ͳϫվһϣԺũǱʱȻҲҪΪ˳еķա
Ȼ޺Ǵ˿Ѵע⡣
óϫв˿жѣ֮ǰ֮ʵ棬ҲҪһ˷Ӧ
޺˶ɵԶԼǳϫҲǣֻ뿪еһУֻԺֻ֮İ·ˣѡ
Ȼ޺ǲδ˱㹻ˡ
λһԣһܱܿѹأϾͳĳϵǣ۵Լͱļ塣
ϫһ˵޺ǲϧеհԼжԲôˡ
ϫʲô˼𣿡ɫһŭ
֣ϫֻϺԶϵǻѣһǱ˴˶Խջ⵽С
Ȼȴǿ˳ϫ˾⣬ڽһ䡣


1713 粨
Ȼһ仰˳ϸһ룬ҲȻԭԳϫĵҲһɨա
ϫҲİ٣޺Ǳ壬ɿ԰Լⲻ⡣
ֻҪܴӷʱɣƾԾˡ
οŮߵū棬ҲͬڷеȺӦóϫȫһЩ

ն«ããçŻǵдһ·ǲδʲôա
ֻ·;ңԶն«ٶȣҲҪɳһʱ䡣
ôʱϫҲûţ˴çŻ֮У֮࣬ԼҲһ⡣
ӹɣһۻʼǼֵģ֮⣬аƷ꣬Ʒ꣬Ʒʮ꣬Ʒʮꡭ
ЩУһ붼ɱũһ֮󣬴ѹεսƷ
֮⣬иֿҩʮֺ֣ʮֵ֣ҩʮƿ
һЩ;һҲϰֵ֮࣬϶ԣ
Щջֵ֮Կһ֣޷κ޵߶ۺ첻ѡ
ǸƷĵһһóһ꣬Ϲ޵ߺ
ԳϫԣһСõ֮⣬붼Ȥ
ǾĲͬˣؤУһڵͷһٷʢޱȵļȣڵۻУⶼˣȻͷȳ伢֮
Щջ֮⣬óϫصıЩũһжõˣ
񽣡
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ĳϫԣЩ鱦ȴǼΪ֣ԭǽԶԵ򶥼УÿһպһȻᱻʶƣǺ֮
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޵йͬɻΪ񺣶صֻмǿ߲ܽУҲΪçŻ̫գ½е޵ߣҲֻһСִܹԴ
ҪԴҪܡŻĿ飬ܹԴ֮أҪҪĽ֮
һ㿼顢ơյȥǷڴ֮еһУҲֻʮ֪
ҪǣЩçŻе޵ߣһ˻δأЩ޵ߣΪԵһҲһ֪
£Ȼ˭ȷϣɱũһ˵־˭ˡ
ԣÿ˶ڵȴȴǰçŻ޵ǷأȴǿеõһȷеĴ𰸡
ڵȴĹУ򶥼ϡұϡϡϡϡϡȴҲɳһ޾ŭִС
ֹǣһЩçŻе޵߱Ҳǲиǰ޷ǵԼӵʲô⡣
ϡϡϡȴ
˵ķǣֱҩͰ˵ඥеĴ֮ǿþݡ
һУ÷еձأӿѹ֮
Щ潫һжУҲǲϫ
ϣСһɵġ
̾ϢʵҲţԳϫսܹһɱũһˣһأһĺͳϫйأ
֮Ի뷨ԴЩõһЩϢ
һЩǰçŻзص޵ߣ䲻ȷ˭ɱũһˣȴ͸¶Դ֮ʱϫ𡢽Կˡ
ˣҲˣǺ˵ϫ͹ұܷũ֮йìܺͳͻ
ټϣϫƾ֮ݣ뵽Уһжóϫ϶һɵɫʡ
Ͼеģũһ˺޺ǣֻгϫʥˡ
ԭŻ˵ǡ
ȷЩѻڷеĵǣֻҲѽϫĿ꣡


1714 ͱ
ܿ죬˳⡣
Զ񺣷ƽ˾һ󣬳ӯһļµ
֮ϣֲһӰ顣
һͷβŵ֮ͭϣūƺƴͷ֮
Եұ۷徳﹫ұݣ𯱦

һƵ쳹أһͷ۱󸣬ɽӡһƽɫ״ԣһơ
һλ뷢ɭϵ߰۱֮ϣԵ򶥼ϵĵͬһλȨĴ
ȴѵһɴ£ȥڳ֮ұ롢ȲεĴڣȴ洦ɼ
Ƿֲͬ򣬻ıԦݣ֮ϡ߽ԶϢǿū档
ԶԶһƬطƱãʱͣһϢ֣֮
Ѱˣǿгŵһɹɿɲѹľ˫ϥ
³ȷܿɲԵĴǣһڴ˿̻һǵݣǾܹݡ
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ȻϢ֮ǿȴͨڤ֮⣬侲ţȴ۾һָɽӣƿǬϸУ
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ԭֵգĪرóһĨɱѹֵζ
ߣôࡣ
޺۵һ䣬Ҫ˼ǰУɽ飬ȴһòֹ
Ϊڴʱһͷβŵͭ͵ѹƲ㣬ʱն֮ǰ
ͬʱӱ߳һλ£ͷһ˿

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һֱ֣ˣĿ絶Ƶһ˲ڳϫϣǳϫ
˻һڳĿڴˣһεѹҲ֮Ӷ
ˣȵֻѱ
ϫûУɫݵͷ
Ȼһüһ
γƵģ˵ͷŵ֣һãʲô飬ȷس˵Ҳ١
ߵسǣʱֻ¾ˣÿ²ֹҪʸףڳҲһ
ԴǿӲͱˡ


1715 
£һһ˷
Լǡ
ǿ뿪СӲУ˭Ҳ
һв̽ˣʹ޹أҵҲԲΪ
ЩԶԵ󶥼еĴһһϣ֮쳹ؼ䣬ļ¡
һ˲䣬޺ۡȻ𾣡ˮ˵ɫ٣н׷װĿ߳
λϫֻɶѣɣЩˣĪΪƾһˣɱλ𣿡
üڣЩá
治ųϫܹ쵽һԭܼ򵥣ũ˿һǷ֮Ϊǰ𣬶ϫСһǰ˭˵ˣ
һԵСһçŻкũǷͻƾһ֮ȫũˣ
ߣ¸ϵشɱҪ̽ˣɾ͵ǺڳΪˣ
ߣɫޱȡ
Ӧأ
Ҳŭˣʵ
ˣһԵֱκȻһЦȰˣλ԰꣬ǲ̽𣿵˶ʱ䡣
ͷǱ塣
ȴüͷһ壬ɨһֱΣȴδ˵ʲô
һ޺ȴӦˣõ壬ϫѣŹ飬ô
ֱЦЦΪȻֻǲ̽һѣ԰꣬λϫСģұ֤û˸˺
޺Щκͷ̬꣬ķչƿأЩԳϫ
Լ֮ǰһĵģ֤ʲô⣬ȴ飬Ǳޱȡ
ֹ޺ۣȻ𾣡ˮ˽Զãŭѡ
˵ЩʲôȴϫЦֹǰ˵Ķԣ»ǲΪãûʲô飬һĿ껳ɵͷˡ
˵ţĿƽ֪λǰָܷһ
ǲ֪ϸˣһ̹̹ĻֻҲмǲɡ
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УһǵֻҪϫ˵ѣͻ֮һ㡣
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ڳϫԣȻģҲûʲôԿˣ
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һһ֣ȫеעͬʱһһɲѹϯѹڳϫϣȻһС
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˻һȫ𶯡
֮ǰǴҲǵһ˵ϫ֣ټϳϫδ֮ϣҲɣһԵˣĵǣȻҵ˶
Դ˿̵ϫ׿ڳʱɲⷺһòˡ
һ䣬ũǵǷΪȣ׹գ
ǡϫشԼࡣ
ǺãȻ˵ʩչѻ֮̽һûѣڱ뿪Σ
ƺװɣ
һԵ޺Ҳ಻סоϼһֱѳϫԴ
ȻҲ俴˵峤ڳǿɲηԷˡ
ԲЩСĸŷУĿɭȻһֱϫֻҪԷ¶κһ˿춯ᱻ
ϧֱʱϫҲδ¶κһ˿ⲢδеĻɡ
Ϊϫֵ̫򶨣о²ǳϫҲȻʹˡ
һ䣬ǷԸϷѻ֮̽һ֤ףͱˡ
ϫɫһȻЦλǰһ£һҲͽûѯ࣬ɣҲ㣬Ͼ˭õԿأҿ顣
˶٣ɫдһĨȻǣѻɾ̫ˣĪ浱ĳ˵Ͽ̤
һһ䣬ĪٲȻһί֮ߵģ
޺۵һ̾û뵽ϫϷҲΩΩФֱԼˡ
ɫһͣŭѣֱΡڣֱ޲˺˳ϫͣѹˣһԷӦˡ
ˣµΪֹɡڣҪһʡһ뿪

ȻԶƲдһͳǳھ۱ϵĹұ뿪ˡ
ˣӦѻ֤꣬ΪϷڳ˵棬л
ұƽȴһѹ
ŵڳ𾪣Ϊ˴£ұ뾹ϧΪעɼұܷұ˺εȴ˺õҲòֶˡ
ɶԳϫԣֱЦ̲סЦллֻǵǸˡѴ
л
ȴƵۣùұһˣСһ𲻳ԾƳԷƣǿֱǵϣҵʱϻ
ȻЩУϫȷ㲻ʲôǶԻʸûУ֮Գٳٲ֣޷ǸֱΡ档
ϫҲϣǿֻܲˣ
գһӱޱȡ
Ŀⶼڿųϫڵȴξ
޺۵ļ٣ȹϵϡ
Ȼһҧͦ˵Щʲôȴϫٴδֹ𶯣һнá
һ̵ĳϫԵ쳣ȴĮȻһƬκһ˿
ĿһһɨڳЩԵĴ³һ仰Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
ƽ


1716 ˫
һ
ϫһ仰˶ЩԼĶ䡣
޺ڣҲݺһǵǲųϫĻΪ̫ˣעһЩԵĴǳ˺Ƥ
Ļܹ붯ߵĳȥ֣޷ȵ˳ϫ
Ͼпɻһλϵĵ۾
ǣû뵽һСһͷӲ
Ц
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˲м
һ£ֱΡֻ¶סСˡ
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ڳηӦһ̵ĳϫԵóƽƻȻûвɱ
ô˵Ǵ㸺翹ˣ
￪ڣɭȻޱȣӿ֮䣬ɱ¶һ籩Ȼɢ
񾳵ѹ춯أ쾭γԵޱȡ
ֻںԼϺ͵ߡ
ϫȻ
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Ц˳ζһСʲôʸϷ̸ϣ
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ڡ
޺뿴ϫĿгǣһҲ飬֪Ǻá
λǵ֮ǰԼôʣµľͽˣԺ󡭡Ͼͳĳϵⱻǣ
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ζĺݻﳹױŭ͵һߣֳǰݺһץ
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ʱձ飬һֲֻԣ֣֮ϫķ˼·޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
һ֣Կֲֳ֮桢ΪζƿشΪ֮棡
Ҫ

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ৣ
ҲڴʱϫҲˣָʢԣȻһ֮磬ͶԷӲ
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һĻڳһڴһ𶯣޷ƽС񾳴ڣӵս
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1717 ʶ
ұ룬һλԵұϵʵȨ
ʵǵǿλз֮񾳵ڰʮλ
ۣҪ֪ÿһ񾳴ڣĪѴǧϹ
οܹ񣬱һΪѵ飬ܹϹУ֮ϣ֪жôѡ
۷񾳴ڣսѹͬˣҲδ֮ܽϡ
ֵһǣ֮񾳵ԵøУϵܳʱ䶼ᷢ仯
ԭЩϹʵ̫ǿҼѳɱҪǵĵλֱȵ컹ѣ

һɲұǿﺬŭ֣һʱ֮䣬ʱȼ㣬գɲ
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˸пָԵɡ
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ϫߣ̤ʱգ֮䣬콵ұ·
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¡
ͨ죬̺ǵبڹұ֮ǰҪӰû


1718 ׷׳
һɲұɫ䣬бޱȡ
ݺʵɱһ񾳼ֱһֻϻɣ¾ҲطС
Ŀ֮£ȴƫƫһڣֱһĪ衣
һڴʱѲҪǣΪһСС类ѹƣȫɥʧΪһ񾳵ơ
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ֱɫأ̲סٴѯʳʵϫսˡ
Ϊ񺣶صġѹЩǵսɳϫܹ쵽һҲ㿰ǶŽ񣬾ˡ
һΣ޺ֱӾλ塣
ĿԶսֻϫֵܹͲóϫܹ׵Щ϶
ֹ޺ۣȻ𾣡ˮǴ˿̵ľҲˡ
ɲΣȴһֱһĨ޷ȥǣΪϾ񺣣³ϫ˿ֵܹסһУ޷ӴҲǰ

һ̵ĳϫ֮䣬ֻصصħ뱻ʮλ깥ĴС
ֻĶ֣ȴʮԵ󶥼еĴǡ
Щϼһһսḻֶ±ѹƾ磬ƾյǿ񱦣սҲǺ֮ЩûǵĽɱȡ
һжĳϫԣѲپ߱в
ˣ
أһɳ⣬ܻΪ֣Ժ󣬺ʥࡢʢ
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ΨһһԽХʮأ
Ψһ̨
ӡѵִ֮
ãΣӣ
һɲǣһ޵߱壬Ȼɫ䡣


1719 ᧿Σ
ϫڶһԲʥࡢĹ֣ǹвϳ̨ȫ𺧣ʧ
Ψһ̨
Ǵ˵еļ֮϶Բڸ޿ƥУǧ䣬ǧУܵһλ
ҲΪ̫ϡʶΪ˴˵翣һЩ޵û˵ȴ˵
ߵЩǲͬⲢ翵Ĵ˵ģ
Ϊ֮Уһλ֪𣬴ﵽϵزǾλз֮񾳵һҹ
һλԵԺɫʵˣųơ䡱£
ҹ֮ǰûȷǷеڶӵСΨһ̨ǿߡ
񣬵ϫֳĺ˶ȷţϾȻеڶˣ
һ£ҲףϫսΪλˣӵнһĿɲΪֽΪ۳Ψһ̨ĵزЩܹģ
һ̣޺۵ҲκˣũһǱϫɱǿ񶼲֪ϫԭˡΨһ̨

һ˵ʵԶڵʯ֮ɡ
ϫΨһ̨֮նɱǧٵƵĽʱЩΧĴҲɫ䣬𶯡
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ߣ
Ⱦ֮Уҵ޷֮⣡
ǾŭʶϣϳˣϫӲ
Ͼ񺣣ѹƾ磬֮ǰǶֻܺͳϫƴ൱οڣ
ʶгǵѵľ
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ųϫǵĮɱǧٵХǶ£˷·ǡ
أأأأ
һɲǼ䣬ɲײ˷أһ񱦱ɳȥ
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Ψһ̨ƣ
ǵȿɲսһλ޵߾ˡ
ৣ
ϫƿգô˻ᣬҪһٽЩ¾ѳ׵ʱɱףǲŽ޴
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ҲڴʱһĮͳ𣺡Сףֱ֪
гϣۻʷʥּһһ䣬ĪһֱģĴǡ
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֮򣬳ϫͷļ¶Ի⣬Ӵɢ
Ȼͷ֣Ǻ֮ϣɽͰ̾Ĳ˿̰׶Хϵ˷
λһֱϥڲͷһâ磬ۻʰӰ֪ʱѸ
£ͨţƣȴⷽԲ֮أһŵĿֲΧУʱաߡˮﶼɪɪ׳Ƴ
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ó磬еĵ۾ƿ֮ӵתǬ֮ΰ
۾֮µĴڣǰֻܸ׳Ƴ
ǵ۾ƣһ仰Ծ˳ϫһվǬ
һ̣ϫɫҲص˼£Ȼѹƾ磬ȴѹƲס϶۾Ĺ
֮أϫҲһ˿ȫĸоҲûС
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ô˻ᣬǹұһڴǱذϣ˿̽ԶɫңңųϫĿеɱޱȿɲ
ղţǶ۾ǲɣַذϣָԭΪǽϫ޵˹
һѲǶ֣ж۾ڣҲ޳ֵıҪʸ
޺۵˶ԣ۾ĳһĻǵĶᵽɤۡ
ȫԸϫɿܻڣ
һ̣ȫž¶Цɫ翴һ֮ˣ츳ΣΨһ̨Σһ۾ǰҲһֻϰˣ


Ƕ۾Գϫ˵ĵһ仰
Բá
ǵڶ䡣
һȫʬ
ǵ䡣
ʵԭһĻΪ۾гһݵƣʥּһּΪĸоκ˶޷ÿһ̺
£ƬؼȻһѹ꣬˼Ϣɱ
ֻҪ۾һŭƬضΪ֮촷һ㡣
ڳһ΢΢ɫ䣬ܱ侲򶨵ģҲֻЩԵеĴǡ
Ҳ۾ڣ۾кε֮졣
ɶԶڼﺣĳϫԣһ̣ȴܵһֺȫͬѹȡ
£һεΰѹϣѪҺҪᡣ
ϫͷһѹȣֱ类ʮɽѹÿһͷ飬궼ھҲ
һɲǼ䣬ϫɫò԰ףŤڵ޷ʹѹ
䣡
һ̣һɰӿһֻδ߬סϫһ޿ƥе˺˾ǴɣɿƵسĶ
һĻֱǷ˼
۾δ֣ɾͽ֣ӵħһ㣬ٿسϫݺק
Ƭض۾ʩųϫҪϫˡϡ
ֶΣʵֲ̫ðҲȻѡ
ɶԴ˿̵ĳϫԣµĴֻ;ݡ
޷Լƾ޷һļ
ʲôΨһ̨ʲôΪʲôս顭һеһУһ̾޷ӳκһ˿Чã

ϫŭ𣬻۽ȼ߾ȫһ
䣡
Ƭʱձ飬һơ
ţ
һĮͳһڣƬʱȹ̣
ͬʱһɱ֮ǰɲϫѹǡѨϡ类һѶһ֣
ৣ
һ̣ϫӰͲܿƵһֱȸղŸٶȣǱߺХȥ
һ
ǧ
ǧ

ԽԽϫѾܿǰһڴϵЦɱ
ܹ޺ǽǵ£Բģ
ͬҲܹ֮ϣһۻʰڲͷ­֮ϵӰ

ϫŭޱȵı;۽ϯȫգȴͽ͡
ףһΣΨһʹڣ͹һ۾߱
ȿֲڣκ޵ߣȷֻ׸졣


1720 һϱ
һ̵ĺǰųϫͽ㣬һ󣬳ߴұһڴɫϽԶһĨЦ
һֳ޵йĿ⡣
һ֪ðСһѣղŸǱڳʵɶⱵ˼¡
սΣ
ӵΨһΣ
ʱ˿̣һֻϰ㣬һѹ
ʹ죡
ʵʹ죡
ųϫӰԽԽһڴнԶӿһĨĸо
ЦԵɭȻ֮Ŀһͷ͵׸ˡ
ҪϫӰ
޺۵ɫѽƵ£ǵ˼£вźӲ̶ӡ
⣬ֻǶ۾һ䡰ɵƣ
֮󣬱ǡԲá
˿ɶǵ仰ʶûڴ˿ҶڵȴҪۿųϫԼȥ¹ȥԲã
һ뵽⣬ٴһ󿺷ܣʲôһλս죬츳ڣڸ˹ԼǰԲлģ

һ
ʮ
ˡ
ˡ
ۼϫͽһ㣬ɿƵطɻأҪںϣڳдǿܵ˼£ǵЦԽԽŨ
һĻһ̵ĳϫɫȴԵóĮȻΨһУȼճһĨڵµɱ;Ȼ
ĵıŭŭ´ʱ޷Լȴ¹
Щ϶ǰԲã
վֻ٣ҲᶯѹֶΣһȥɱȺ϶
ϡұϡϡϡϡϡҳϫסˣ˴δѲնöҲζ
ϫĿɨЩǵϡ
أ
һɾϫ׷ںϣҪݺѹء
ɾһɲǣҲ֪ϫӲסѹȣ˱ֱ򵹡
ɫȴһĨŤ֮ɫӿڳһޱȵʹѹĥ
Ŀ룬һۻʰڲͷ­֮ϵӰǷһĨȣó磡𣬳ĳ˼סˣ
£
̲סȳ⡣
£
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һʱ֮䣬Ƭضڻص¡֣Եźɱ
һ̵ĳϫ׹Ԯ裬ʮΪУԵ֮СͿ
Щ϶
޺۵˺޵ݶҧ飬Ŀѣɱ˲ͷأȻҪϫĥ
޺ǲֹһҪȥƾʩչߵ峤ֹֻһзǰδеļ尾
£
ϫٳٲǹұٰ಻סԹޣһƺݺĳ嫣ն촷ۡ
ʱұѻָΪһ֣ǲͬ˵˿̳ϫ޷ǻָɣȫҲ޷סһ
һɲ޺۵˺һϣ̲ס۾̿ϫʹ˹ڵء
һɲһڴ̲סЦ
һɲϫһԨжóһĨѪɫ
ʱһɲǾֹ
Ҳһɲǡ
ৣ
һӨӨƾն֣ͻأ֮顣
۵һڹұ뻹ûӦʱնұۣ
ͬʱһĨէ֣޳˳ϫǰһһɱϫ㱻Ϣ֮仯⡣
һУһɲɡ
˵ЦϫѪɫһһĨѡȫͬĶȴͬһʱ䷢
Ȼ󣬶ϱ׿գѪ٣ұ뷢һʹУȻ˵ޡ

ʲô
Ů˭
ұ뾹һɲ䱻նһۣ⡭ôܡ
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˽ԶȻ׷׾û뵽ʱ̾ᷢһĻˡ
޺۵һ㵣̲ס۾ȴȻ֪ʱһӰ˳ϫǰ
ڝԣδԼ޳һϮͷڣɴ棬¶һ峺
ֻһȴ٣Ѳ߮ɽһϢУˡ
۾
һɲǼ䣬ֹ޺۵ˣڳǽԶͫһϳΪ
ϫҲסеѪɫѸˣָ
֮ǰʩչ߱񹦲һɱЩƴʯ٣ơ
ɺȻѲôΪŮˣ
ǵģǰһͷڵŮӣѩīŮۡ
һλΪ۾ǿڣ
𳺣Ȼ㣡
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ΪʲôңŮۿڣõȻȴ͸һơ
ڳкݺһݣɻǣŮΪθô
ǳϫʲôϵ
Ҫ֪ڳ֮пɴԵ򶥼еѵҪЩΪУ˭ĵӣ
ˣǲָʹɱܷ򣡡ұȴʲô£ɫ࣬ŭ
Ҵ˴ǰɲǺ㹫ұ˵ģҪҲұϡ
Ů۵ȻƳ˹ұһۣ㽫Ŀ⿴ϫ߰ɡ
˵ţǻȻڳЩһʱƿһͨҪϫ뿪¶ǣж𶯲ѡ
𳺣ϷƤ£Ϊô뿪
أһĮ𣬰һƿͨȻɢһա
ڵģȻǸڲ֮ϵĶ۾˿ԣɨӶ
ŶҵǺһԣóкסˡŮУһĨ֮ɫ
λ۾֮ȻڶԻȫƬصȴȻѹ֮ʱﶼ붳УϢɫ䡣
һ̣˸ҿڶԡ
ΪƬأȫλ۾֮Ǻƿأ
˵ǰѾǽ̰ɣϧǻϷɵ֣ǽ죬㽫񽣺Ͱǽ϶ΪһҲ޼£㿴Ǻ
۾ĮȻڣźϵŮۣ߸ϣһ
ˡ
һĲڶ۾УȻֳһȻƤܻߵסʥоȵȺʥ
ʥͼ
ϫͫһû뵽һũߵı˿̾ڶ۾С
ʥͼȷһ˲ıɾƾһһҡ
Ů۲Ȼڡ
ϷȻһ㣬˭˴αֻϷһǰ۾ڣâ绡ܣһ˳յ֮ɫ
ʲô
˻ڳнԶݺһѵ˵⸽۾٣
ŮУڸ֪ʲôƬ̺˵ǻûɣ
óԵú̹ȻѾˡ
ϣϣ
أŮ˫һֳ񽣣ְǽ񽣡
һɲǼ䣬ƶȻɱ𶯲񷣬ֱ֮⣬Ǻ
㾡һԣܷ֮ǰ뿪


1721 
˺һϣºȻ
˵֮ǰŮһϻеľô˿̣ʣչ¶ϷâƵ۾¾£
ء
ذƥɱ֮ŮɢʱȻңش㡣
ͬǵ۾ƣһǬ׸ģΪɶ
߲˵ġ
ؼ䣬𶷳۾̾һɲǼ䣬ʥͼת쳹Ʈع֡
ÿһ֣ԶΪһʥӰ
ǧ֣ܻΪǧʥӰذ˷ׯжϵ꣬쳹ʮء
һɲ֮䣬һлΪһϣⷽԲ֮أȫѹ޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
ڳһ¶֣Լʧȥ˶ƬصĸӦУ
ʥ֮磿
ŮзһĨһ˿أΪɱһ㵹Ѫ
ɱǱȻģҪǡ۾ĮȻ£
ϣ
Ů˫ͷƥ⣬Ѱ಻סҪѪ
ģӦʥܹ֮ƿϹĵ۾Уܹƿ˽ߣҲһС˶ѣв𳺡
۾£ɨŮۣɣĶ̫Ͻ̣Ϸ򲢲ǵĳС
ǣ

ŮĬ
˭Ҳ֪˼ʲô
УֳĬȴΪһЭãͬ۾ԣȻĬƲǡʥ֮硱
òԵеĴǽԶ˿¶һĨЦ
֮ǰŮ۵ִʱǻǴ˴λᷢʣĿ˶۾׼ֶ֮Ƕʱд󶨣
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һУԶݶ۾ͣ
ȻΪɱϫΪũѲκδۣ֣
𳺣ҹұϷһֻѱ̫Ͻɱɿܴ񣬳Ϊѩīһ֮
ұҧԹⱲӰѩīҲˣƫƫȴأִԲ򣬰н֣֮޺ҹұϵϵӵܹұܷ򣬼ֱﲻˡ
һΣҵҪ㻹ѣ
УֹԹһֵ⡣
ŮƳ˶Էһۣ벻ϻȺ޳֮һ죬һɱϹұϣöҲһʹʧѵ³
㡭ұŭû뵽£Ů۾š
ৣ
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ұʱȻŵûһ£ɢ
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ߣ
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ϣ
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¡¡
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Ȼ֮ǰնɱұһֻһӣʵĿģǳôʱųϫ뿪
ã
㣡
һʱңŮ·ϵһЩԶȻܲѣâ
𳺣ϷѾˣϧȴִԲ򣡡
Ŷ۾ĮȻ͸ƥɱһʥӰڿգͷԣܻΪһɿɲŮѹȥ
᣿Լðɣ
ŮһƬһ̧ϣϣ񽣺Ͱǽڿա
䣡
ʥ֮˫棬һɿɲɢ˷֮Ȼ촷۱ƬǬҡ
˵ƬһŻֽ˿Ƭֽͱ顢ѣԵú֮
ǵ۾ơ
ǡʥ֮硱ڱأѹ˷סɢײǣһѣ
ܿ죬Ů۱ɱ˽ǰ
䣡
񽣽һʮ֣Юſɲĵۻʾ֮ݺնǽϡ
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ľǣȫһȴţ뺣ʥ֮硱ֻһҲָ
䣡䣡䣡
ûκγɣڴ˳֣һɲǼնâХӵ࣬ƺ˵˼¡
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ۡ
һʥӰһһٵȴһ㣬ӿ֣Ϣ
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ȼգ죬һ۾߱ڹ͵쾡¡
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ͽ֮٣αִ֣Ϸڣע޷ѵġ
˿̵Ķ۾һ޷ɽƾеʥͼŮ۶˸൱
Ů۲ԣ֮̽档
գƾ񽣺Ͱǽ֮ҲֻܺͶ۾սƽɫ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ůƽɫսʵ˽ȥֻԼͳϫԽԽ
ۣ
أһĨȻ֮ɫſһھѪҲ֪ʩչ˺εطƱǣصһӲ۾˳ȥ
ΪС㾹۾ŭû뵽Ůۻ֮
Ů۲ԣô˻ᣬѷ裬Ź˫㣬ЮһһǰĿֲɱ¡
֮ɲɽӣ
һ̣ԶһڴǽԶȻ׹ߣڵأŮ۵㡣
һ۾ƴ֮٣Ѱɱȣ
¡
һ̣һ춯صĺ쳹ֱһȻըƬʱҵ£ΪһƬ磬ԡ
ڳʵ֮ԶѪɫһ±ò԰ޱȣεѡ
ʮĿŶ飡û뵽óȻı㣬֮Ҳˣ
أǹϼУŮ۳ⲻʵ⣬ƾŭ
ʱ򣬲ſһʥ֮粢δƿԭڣʮĿ͸ԲտȻӣ
ֻӤȭͷСͨ˰ԣϡͷʮĿһǡ󽭣һ޷Со
֮ʮĿŶ飬һʩչһ֮أ˻֮βƣ


1722 
һӣŮ۵ĳȵס
ֻʥͼֻ߽ǶʮĿŶ飬ƴһҲԽϫߡ
ɵǿĪ鱦һ֣ڶ۾ʱȴ޼ƿʩ
ƴУ
ʵɲϡ
ˡˡ
ʮĿŶɢ˰εԣǰ·
۾Юâ绡ǹһĨʤȯյЦݡ
ʥ֮磬ټ϶ʮĿŶ飬ϹУĸ۾ܹȷƿ
۾ŮۣȻ˵𳺣ϷһᣬԹԴһߣϫӽϷá
ֺʮ㡣
Զһڴˣ׷ɣ֮ǰʷ·תֱ˿̣ս䶨Ҳ¿

ϫ£
㻹һ˿֪ĪҪΪŮۣԼԹ־ܣл
ЩԵ򶥼ĴȣǲɵŮ۵ݣɵĽֻŮ۵Ϊ
ϾƾݣѰ۾ڣҲˡ
ټŮͶ·ȫ۾ѹƣЩҲٵǶԷټס
ЩȣŮɫһ俪ڣٸҶ죬ƴҲҪȡ˶ȹ
һ仰ɱϣЩǽԶɫһͣͷŭȴ˸ٶԡ
ֻŮۺͳϫĿУȴѴһĨЦͲмʱˣ̲ģʵ
޺۵Զңڳ֮УǵıֿνСģͲ岻ϻ̸ϳϫʲôæˡ
οŮ۶ڣ˭ܾȵ˳ϫ
ǰһֱĬԹһеĳϫһ˵Щʲô
ȴŮۿڴϣҵġ
ϫǸжǷŭӵ˼¡
һλ۾ȴΪ˾Լ䵽زóϫܲж
ģȴǶԷߺޣ
Щ϶̫ԼӦһУֻܱ˰ڲ׸
֮ǰһĻĻǵ֣ҪǿӲԼѻ꣬ȻұҪɱԼ
ֱ⶷۾ǿӲһ仰ҪԼ¹Բãֱ֮
մѲһһһҪҲһζһϫɫĮȻкⷭݣѲֹͷ
𳺣ǿˣҲע޷Ӵ˽ȥֻ㲻
۾쿪ڣӺݰ
˵ȴҰŮ۱Ƶ̫ݣһԷԼƴǺɾԸġ
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ǵɢ̫ɲʱգ촷˽Զʶ׷ܲѡ
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۾ͳ͸һŭ͵˦ʮĿŶ飬һֱĹ⣬Զɱȥ
ɽһĻȴȫ𾪣ѻȸ
һɶʮĿŶĹ⣬Ǳһֻ޳Ĵһ˵һͱõɻ
ɵģֵһֻӬƵģҪ֪ǲߣԵϵ֮Զһ磬˷֮鱦
񣬸Ǳ۾ŭ֪жɲȴһֻ׵ɳȥˣ
һɲ۾ҲǺݺһɫء
һƬһļžУһӰⲽʱն
һͷѩ׷ɢڼ磬¶һ׾ӵݣһ˫ӿؼ䣬ǳл𡢷ڣӳֳһĻĺ
ͶԷĿӴһɲǣ궼һ¶ƻµܶŵһɶ
ⲻ˺ȻӵΪܰ쵽һ
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ɽ
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۾ɫһˮͬЩţɽĴˡ
ڳУȴֻһСϳѩݣӲɫ͡
Щû˳ѩݵģͨѩͷųƣԼڳ˵ķӦҲ˲ʶ߷ͬѰ
ô㣿
۾һڡ
Ϊ̫ϽЩˣֻһˡѩЦЦԴƽ
ɻ͸¶Ϣȴ۾סͫסӲиһƬκˡ
ڳ֮еĴǣҲֻԼ³˴ǰԸŮ۵ģ̫Ͻ̵
ھ˭ǲȴҿ϶ܶԸŮ۵ģҲӵе۾Ϊɣ
ɴʱȻѩ˵Щ̫Ͻ֮ˣζţǶ٣
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۾ɫһһٵ
ҼСʦܶ۸ģ㾹˵ѩûйϵ
ѩɫһӱ䵭ӿؼ䣬ѭӿһɰ嫵ƣò񷷭ﰧ


1723 ԵĴ
Сʦܣ
ڳ˽ԶȻʲôʱɽ״ӣ
˸ղŵ֮ͨ˴˽⵽ѩݡ
Ҳˣѩ仰ʱǲŻᷴӦ֮ǿҡ
ܿ죬Ǿͼ˸ѩɢ̫ɲԨǺΪ֮һϡ
˾ɲʱѩһٿȻ˳ϫǰ
СʦܣǸ·ϱһЩ۵ļһﵢ˲ʱ䣬ˡ
ԳϫʱѩȴһǸȻ
˻
ڳ˵ͷƤһ飬û뵽ϫȻѩСʦˣ
ֹǣ۾Ҳû뵽ɫȻһ䣬ôܣɽʲôʱһгϫ״ӣ
û¡ϫҡͷ
ѩ´һ۳ϫȻüͷһ壬̾˿ίˣٵǣʦڡ
һ仰ϫвһůܵһ־ñ֮ͬꡣ
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أ˴гȴǹұһзųϫһٶӹһδɱ٣ֱÿҪѪ
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Ҳ޷־棬֮ǰۼϫҪȴɱһŮۣȻŮҲ۾ѹ֮ɱһɽ
ıʣõܽˣ
ղţСʦ¹İɡȻѩת׾ӵһƬȻ
ԣɽӣұ롣
ΣѵɽҺ͡ұӲͷƤڡ
˵꣬͵һһ˫ϥͷֱӱ飬ͨһĿ֮¹ڵأ
ʼգ˵˶ûѩγֵġ
Ȼıʣòɫһ䣬һֱɽͨ죬ΪĪ⣬һȴ˵лҪɲ

ұҽУҪȴһξѹͽȻ
һλз֮ϵ񾳴ڣһλԵұϵĴڴ˿̱˫ϥĿ֮£ڳҲаѡ
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˲ޣڣΪұ򱧲ƽ
ѵʣӾ˺εȴ治飬һζӣɾ̫ˣ
ӲֹɱӵǱʵӵ࣬ũұܷ򡢵Կ𡢽ĵӵܣҲǱɥͽֱɽߣ
ҲȻڣԳϫʷ
ϫһЦЩ϶Ŀֱª˼£֮ǰԸԼʱֶΣʦˣȴͻȻʼˣֱ޳֮
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Ҳ̫ǿˣ
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һɲǣȫŵ˼£˶˺ͫţš
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񣬾¹ˡ
ŮҲסһʶʲôЩ𾪵ؿѩıӰͷ޷ƽ
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ϫҡͷվʦְңгһգгɣɱһΣǲŽʹ졣
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ϫһǡ
ѩЦԺȥʹ졣
˵ţüͷ壬ҲܳϫǷͬ⣬һӣŮһ˲ʧԭء


1724 ̫ʥ
֮䣬Ǵꡣ
֮⣬֮ϣԲ֮أʯ¡ľءȫΪ촷ۡ
ء
ɪ͸һɱ롣
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ղŷ̫ˣ˭Ҳû뵽˴ζԸϫжҷʽĻ
ͬû뵽һΪԵˣǵս֮ҾɽѩСʦܡ
û뵽겻ѩֵ˰Եѹһڴزлһλ۾
һУǸе¡ڡȻš

裡
Ҳ֪˶ãһ쳹ء
Ȼ˾ͿһͷɽĲɫޱȵĶ۾˺ʱնȥ
գ֮ű¹򣬿ν澡ʧ˿̷Ȼȥڳжһ겻ѡ
ʱһƿӵǬ֮ĵ۾ڣᱻȵز
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ˣǵӣɫֱʱأԲһĨɫ
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ֻǣ˴Ϊһϫɽ׵ϡұϡϡϡ࡭Ǽ򶥼Ǳ״Щˡ
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޺ҲΪȻпѣҸҶ϶һգϹֻ¶֪£һƬȻ󲨣ϫ֣Ҳע䶯£

һǺӱԽһϵɣѩųϫŮ۴ʱնС
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ѩڣдһ˿ǸȻ
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ѩ˵ͷһֱڸ֪һЩʲôüͷʱʱһ¡
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Ƕڱչأ⣬꣬Գˡ
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һ·ϣѩ䲢δ˵ʲôüͷȴʱʱһ£óϫɻԼоһ˿Ѱ

ѩͷ֮ǰǰʱ·̫Ͻ̵۴룬ɱǵһЩʱ䣬û뵽γĲֹϼһ
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ϫһͷˮ
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۴˾̫ϽеλΪ߳һϹǳƿ̷̫֮¡
ҪǣÿһܹΪ۴˾ģĪӵе۾Ϊ
Ů۶Դֻ֪û뵽ǣ˴̫Ͻ̾λ۴룬ѵݳԼ뿪ѩī򣬹ʶһɱԼ
ǵģŮ۸ȷϣλѩɱĺ۴룬Ƕ۾еİ֣ǵʵͼɱԼ
ֻײ֮£һﻹûִͺʹѩ·꣬١
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ѩЦЦ˵ʲôȻһУ㲻ǰ
Сʦܣֻ뿪ˡѩڣüһĨΡ
ϫŮ۽Զһѵ׷ˣ
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̫ʥ˾
ƺţŮۻһЩš
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ѩüУ϶׷ˣߣ꣬ʮ꣬һ㷵š
һ£ϫʶ̬Щء
Ҫ֪֮ǰʦֿһѹö۾ز𣬿Ϊ˽һ̫ʥ˾Ҫ嵽ʮ֮ã֪ԷкεѲ

ѩһӣǿжʱƿһͨ
СʦܣҪʮڽƿԶԶλзʥ壬Ҳֻܽһʱ֮
ѩóһӨӨ񣬵ݸϫŴǰϺɽ̫һˣʱｻԻ֮ƵĽ֮
˶٣Ц⣬ʱҲǰϺ㡣
ʦ֡
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û뵽Լ·ֻһĴʦѾ¼ǹϡ
ȥɡ
ѩЦŮ۵һ·ϾͰˡ
Ů۵ͷ


1725 
ˡ
ʱصĲ
ϫһȭʦ֣ء
ѩЦͷȥɡ
£ϫٳɣŮһ̤һʱС
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һɲǣϫ俴һƬڰɢһϵһֲ˼ٶϯ
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䣡
ʱתһɲϫֻǰһǰãתƣٿȻʧԭء

һѩٳʱΪر𣬽УһһֺХСǬĸо
һƬڰ
ϫأԾ£Լµֻ¾̫Ͻ̫ʥơ
ÿһ̫ʥ룬ڵ۾֮ϣĪ⣬ɶ
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ŮзһĨ֮ɫʵһΪұԭ̫Ͻ֮£дˣ̫Ͻеĵӡ˾ϡ
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ڡ鱦ۡϼɽ컯칬񵺡ЩԶµĹϵͳ
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ŮȻѰźһУ˵⣬ųϫʲô㡣
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Ҳôġ
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ˡ
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㿴ƬǿУΣǰ˷ɽλеϡ
ŮңңһָԶһŵɫͷųˮĹ
ȻƲʲôϼתһҡһ䣬Ϊһģ
°ȹͷڣһɴ棬ؾţǰȣһơ
ڳϫеʱ򣬺ȻһԶԶ֪һ˳
֮ǰױ̫ۣ¶ˡŮ۵һ䡣
⵹˳ϫ΢΢һЦģҲǶȻһ䣬һʺģԶͨͨˡ
ৡ
ڴʱһŲʱն


1726 ű
ȷ˵һޡ
Ϊ׵һȷ꣬ͫ׳ֲȻıɫ¶ŵϰӲӡصͼڴࡣ
Աߣһ껨֦ҶչӨӨ⣬ʢŵĻ侹ֳһŽޱȵա
֮⣬һͷ˫ǣ׵ţͷˣԼһֻж߸ߣ뷢ѩף˫٪ߡ
һ֧ص޶飬ϫϲԷĳϢжϣΪ׵ĳȷӵΪ֮⣬޾ӵΪ
ȻҲ˳ϫŮ۶ˣһִǳȷЦſڵλѣҲҪǰǣμǧһȵűУ
űУ
ϫҡͷǸҶ˲޴˴㡣
ףǾΪűжһԵĻڣģŴˡ
ϫЦٴҡͷ
ˣԼȥɣֻҪִܸܴ̽űеڡ
ȷ̾˿˺ͳϫֵ
ܿ죬һ˱ԶԶȥʧ
Ȥһǿߣŷֱ涻塢ţ塢ؿսޣȻҪȥμűС
Ůһ˼
ϫĸ޵ס࣬ĸȺһǹ֮Ѱѵһ
дҲԿϺӵšʥءĳƺš
űô£
ϫ
˵ܸӣ԰ΪһʢĽ׻ᣬÿǧ꣬һΣʱϺе޵ߣԶĽȥ
Ů쿪ڣΪֹűѾٰ˲°ٴΣʱ䣬׷ݵ̫ʱڡ
˶٣֮ϹһЩѰٵġ䡢ԼһЩϡŹֵƷ󶼿űѰٵʴ˲Ż޵ǰ
ϫŻȻνűУ͵Ϊ޵ṩһﻻĳմﵽȡ衱Ŀġ
ȤĻҲȥʶһÿһεűпӿֳһЩޱȵ챦ֹϺе޵ߣе޵ҲвĽġ
ŮЦҼǵһεűϣһżȻ©һٿ񾧣ջһ鱦䶯Ϻ򡣡
ϫȻǼһԵ
Ů۵űпżʡ
ϫЦȴ̫۷ʱʱüǿȥűмʶһ
ûͣ٣ʩչŲ֮ԶǷɶݶȥ

ǣһε纣
ͬǽΪ󣬺بؼ䣬һҫ۵ɫ̫ӳĵ޹⡣
ΪǣܣƯһ½أÿһ½ضһ磬ܲɽУŲٶ츣أܾ˲֪顣
ɽλһ½֮ϡ
һ
ϫŮƮȻһ½ϣ˵½أʵȳϫǰҪࡣ
һУɽɫǷʢ
ûе飬һ·ǰУֻյʱ䣬ڵִﵽһƬƵ֮ǰ
ε̺죬Զ裬ɳ̲һƽ𣬲Ȼԡ
ϣֺں̷һԵޱȡ
˺Ϊ׹Ǻ価ͷɽ֮أǵٶȣԼĪӣԵִ
ŮָԶ˵
ϫ˵ͷǱɡ
λǰ
ڴʱһȻ
ϫŤͷȥͿһߴһҴҶ
λǰҪǰɽ̬ǫ̬Ⱥǹ
أ֮Ķ˪֮ɫΪֻΣѰǳڵײ޵ߡ
ϫ˵ͷ
ɫһϲС֪֪ܷȮһǰ
ϫüëһڣ߱æλǰģȮغ񣬾λκ鷳ҡ
˵⣬óһһ˫ϣ񾧰ٿţ΢ҲµһƬ⡣
ԴǳϿңһĨȫǷԷθϫȫĳ˲δ˵ѡ
ϫƳһԱߵ꣬ĿڣʺʵվЩڣЩӲ
ߣһٿ񾧣Ҳõó
Զ˲мЦ׹ǺķҪȻִɽ֪Ҫն֮أȴóһٿ񾧵·ѣֱǳ롣
߶ʱһΣؿųϫ
Щ죬ֹһˣÿһζܾ޷ɹɾͳ׾ˡ
ӦҲԣܷ֪ôΪʲôϫ
߾͵һ񣬼ѣлã˵ţٹЩӣɽϵڱɽţͽʶȮǰһԡ
ڣ
ϫа⣬̾ɽϵɲֹ̫һˡ
߰ɡ
һ̣ϫ㳯֣˳·һҲ޷
ллǰȫ
ǳϫţ߲¹лˡ
գϫҲûҪϵһٿ񾧣Ф迵Ůһ·
Фͷô˴뿪
˴ǰһɵ
ⱲȻ־֮ͨҸұ֤λǰɾԷѰɱȡ
һ˵
ˣ׹Ǻп֮ͰѶӽȥֱ̫çײˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
һɲǣӾͲҰУϫŮȻһĨԣʩչŲ֮ФƿնȥٿȻʧ١
ֻһɲǣϫŮ۲¶һ˿ƣȴһϣ˫ϥһ͹ڵء
ףԭһһŮȻѰ

ء
ʱձ任Ӱ
ϫ˴׹ǺϣֱŲƶȥ
𳺣֪ڣ
ϫʵ
֪ҲϺеһһҵڵһλ̫ϳϼ棬ʶɽľλãȴǴδ˵ɽϻ̫ˡ
˵
ԣһֱĬФ迻һЩŵؿһŮۣƻȻû뵽λŮӾ̫ϳʶԳຮԣֱ޷顣
δԣĬˣЩ޴룬㷲ҳ
ϫȴû˼Щü૵֣ѵʦָˣ
Ůȥڴ̽̽ҲãϿţ̫۱ɽĳС
ϫ˵ͷ
׹Ǻȷգ;ϵʱХ籩Ѱ޵ˣֻ¸Խ
һȻѲסϫŮۣһ·ϰأ׹Ǻͷ
һبؼΡɽҰУɽƶççͷųȻɫԣȾ͸ƺεΪ׳ۡ
ɽ


1727 ɽŷ
ϫԶɽͷȷһ鱦أ̻ԣʺС
һ۾ܿ
Ů۵ŴɽӴһڰǧ£̾ɽϵڵʷҪƾá
̸֮ʣѴФϡ
ɽޱȣӷ޾ͷɽ룬ççΡ룬ֱһƬ嫵Ĵ½Ƶġ
ڱ޽һɽ֮ߣﱦ뵣ɫǧ
Ѱ٣Ϳһۿɽڵء
Ф迴Ϊ˰УϫŮҲǰڴ̽һй̫۵Ϣǡ˳·£ϫԲᶪ겻ˡ
ټФغһǳຮһ·ϺǾнľګȴϫٺøС
ûе飬ڿնٿ֮䣬ɽǰ
˿̣ɽǰѻ˲ŮŮԼĪˡ
ЩŮȻǲλ߻峤档
ϫŮ۴Ф迵ִʱҲ˲ע⡣
һԽԽˡ
Ŵ˴ֻʮӣ㣬֮һ붼ᱻ̭
ߣҵǲЩҵĵǴ˴ͽǷߺˡ
ͨЩ̸óϫжϳЩŮȻФһǰʦеġ
ϫȻǣЩŮǰŮҲǰʦġ
߰ɡ
Ů۶Դ˸ᣬһԶɽţ롣
Եһ¡
ϫһߵФ迣ȴǳ
˵ʵФ迵ֻ㲻̸㣬֮Ůв磬ټȨƣҪͨŬڣϣԲˡ
ʣǶȻ޷ڡ
Ůƿϫ˼ֱԲ
ФɫһͣЩ޴룬Ŀⶼû뵽Լûأֱӱλǰһˡ
ԣֱһ˶ӿһĨԵĿɬ
Ф迣Ȼһֻû뵽ǸϵЩͣȻܹ͵
ȻһõӴЦԼĳߣһӺͷʮ㡣
λԣƾʣҪڼֱǳ롣
˵꣬ŵسŮ۹˹֣¶һĨȻ΢Ц
ФɫһŭĿԲԪ죬˭Ƿ
ˣǺǣϵһūţһﶼ㿴
Ԫ˺ǺЦУСٸҷͣɱҲ
һ£ϫԪФ֮ĹϵҲֲԪ޼ɵФ迡
Фûֱ£ҧǿţһԲ
ûϫŮѰ
ҲûѪͷԪƴһ
ΪûзڵͷԾΪһС
ɿڸŮУФȴϢˣųˣɫԶһĨм
ϫһжУֱʱФ迵ļȻ𳺣ʼ㿴Ϊһ仰ǳô¶ˡ
ŮҲʼ磺һᲹġ
̬ø˶һͷˮ㲻ǺФ֮Ĺϵ
Ԫ죬æЦſڵλﲻˣФСԭǽ˵Ļɰûм٣ʲôɲģ
Ů۵ȻƳһۣδԣ̧ɽǰȥ
ֻһȴԪĪһĨס˸¶ɫȻɷ
⡭ô£
ԪкȻղһɲǣֱһƬԨУ٣ʧȥԼǣ
쾪ǷԼκ类޷Ųһ磬绯һʯ
һУֻԼЩӾǻȻûв
Ԫ־壬Ůˡ˭

ȥ̫ϳӣ˵йá
ɽǰڵĵŮ۵Ļ˵ʱס
Ů˺ôĿԳ̫ϳϵĹˣ
֮ǰһλԶݣһǰĹˡ
ߣڵ˰Ϊ˰ڣ˲ֶˣȻðǰĹˣֱǵ죡
û뵽λ￴˲ף˵湻ġ
Ů۵ĻҲһôЦһϷʡ
֮ǰ˴ˡѡʾɵţͼûڣձҴɽǰ
û룬һðߣȻǰ˹ϵ
˭
ǿڵ̫ϳϣӵ۷徳ϹŶѲ֪δ䡣
Ů°ȹͷڣںɴ䵭Ȼ羲ȴԵ̫͵أ˺Ѱһ۾ϵ
£˭˵Ļˣ
ȻˣɽŵڵӻΪòع˹֣ǸҼ̫ϳ϶ǰѱչأ¡
û뵽Ҳ˱Ÿ
ϫǰΧۣҲЩЦ
һж̫òˡ
ŮзһĨΣȷݣߵͨ˹ӭǰ飿
ȻһҲΪװݣԼݣŻĴ
ι˵λǰڴ˵Ⱥɣðȥǻᱻģ
ֻؽһ
Ůһ
ڴʱȻһϴȴɽ𣺡˭ڴɺͳ
һӰٿȻɽǰ㣬ɨȫ
һӣȫѻȸ
ϡɽǰһæǰ֮ǰһкг
Ŷ
žȻ˸ð̫ϳӵĹˣɫһ絶ƵģɨŮۡ
˼ˣнԶֻһֵģ
ף
Ȼ겢δŭ֣Ʒʲôɳǡ
СͯǷҪְѱȥŮ۵Ȼڡ
Сͯ
ȻŮ˾˳ƺĪ
ƺĪȴǻһɫ䣬ԲƵģڰǡ
˵ʱͨһڵأͷ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô
ȴǱŮ۴ϣȻȥӡ
ǣǣǡ
Īæƽһһľη
Ŀһʣڳ˳ɵۣŴ͡
и߸ϵĪ˿̾¹ڵأһϻ̳Ͽֵģ˭ˣ


1728 Ϫ
ţ˴ܵ
ɽǰڵӣ˿Ҳ飬һģ
ˣɽţ
ģĪסȳһ䡣
γƵģæɽһǫԶԶһࡣ
ǰ룡
Ī𺧣˿ԻָǣŮ۲й¶ݣʶڳƺʱܻǵûἰŮ۵֡
Ů۵˵ͷ
ˣʼδƹĪһΣһжĪԼΪ
ĪأȴһȻӡ
ֻһͯʱʦһǰݷŮۣȻŮ۵ĵλǺε֮ߣʦӼ棬֮ȥԴˣ
Ф迣ϫԶ״̬Ф֡
Ŷ
Ф迻һ飬æǰһľηһ̿֡
ǰλǣ
Īע⵽ϫסʵ
Ѱͬ顣
Ůڽһ䡣
ԭǳѰǰ
ĪæȴԴ⣬ѰλĪҲһ۾
̸֮ʣϫһĪĴ£߽ڵɽڡ
ֱãڳŴѹֻ˿ǵɫȴǸ֮
ףԭλŮӲװǻƣĪǳϻ̳ϿֵĹ̬УԷֹӹǰ򵥣ͷҪˣ

һԶɽд
ʱ䵽μӲĵɽŵȺ޹˵ԭصȴ
ɽǰһڵӴ
˾һ񣬵Խڶ֮󣬱뵽ɽڡ
ΨԪ⵽˾ܾ
Ϊʲôŭѡ
ΪʲôԼڵޱ
ΪФ迣ԪҲɵӣһӾԼµʲôɫ׿
׾ͺáǵҲΪãϵ֪ФִӦΡ
ԪסɫʧǣһԶƵĻں޺Ȼ
ΪһūŵĶӣԼɥʧһʦеϻԵ⾿ù˭

¥鲼۴αȣɽڣɽпٳһεΪ׳ۡ
ɽ
˵ڽأ̫ϳӱڴ˱չء
Ů۵ķԸ£Īδˣųϫһ˾ֱ˺ɽ
ʦйá
һĪһǰڡ
ˣ
УشһλˣѰ˵ȣ֪ǣеĽҪͷˡܴ͡
ĪεؿһԱߵŮۣŹʦǡѩīλǰѾˡ
˭ѵǡ
һȻأһ̣ƺȻֳһϵӰ
һ£׷ͯգӿ֮䣬ܣɷǺˡ
ɵŮʱͫȴȻһʧԭǰ
ˣȻ̫ϳӣһλ۷徳Ĵڡ
ʱ꣬û뵽ֻһ̤۾֮ˣǿϲɺءŮ۵Ȼڡ
ɫܾϲæ죬һ𡣡
ȰСһﰲһ£ղɽǰΪһ仰ŮһָԱФ迣˵
ФԵüΪҲ޶֮ԣæФ迣ǰ
ţ
ӳФ迵˵ͷɻŮۡ
Сһһ˴ҲԵһǰڣҪС
Ůڽһ䡣
ӰһΪʲô¶أԭֻǰһ˰Уԣֱ¶
£Ŀ⿴Īᣬæʦģ½ˡ
лǰ
Фм͵عߵײѡ
Сһ壬֪ͼǲԺУǰ;
ˬʴЦ
߰ɣСһ
Īֽ̧Ф迷𣬳һһ֮󣬱ФƮȻȥ
ϫƾŮ۵ӣФԺжܵκˡ
ǰ롣
Ц棬ǰЩһЩƾ裬ô˻ᣬƷһ

һ
Ӱ뿪ɽϷɶݶȥ
һôݣ̫ӦþԵϪˡ
ҲΪֻǰԣĻЩѰ
ȥ̽һҲá
ˣǳϫŮۡ
ΪŮ۵ĹϵϫǲѴ֮ʹ̫ϳӿ˽⵽һЩ
ϫźǣҲ̫Ǻε֪֮⣬ɽлˡ
ṩϫ˽⵽ԭɽУҲǳĪ֮أδڳռ졣
ǡϪڵ򣬱һΪյ
Ƭ򣬳һصĹϽƣ֪ƽ֮񾳽УҲ٣ɵ֮
ʷϣҲֹһɸȥ̽ѰȴһҲڳ׷˽һƬռݵ˼
ȴϫһΪǰ˵ʱʦѩһ
Ϫֻĳֹˣ

ϫоŲ˲ǧ֮ңʱڿһϪ֮ء
ӳģһĵϿȣϿʳһ峺ޱȵϪۣϪˮԱߣһƬï֡
ÿһ񶼱ֱ㣬ֱƣҶɫԣƮգһλƵɫʡ
վףֻȶ˵ϪˮϪˮڷҡҷɳɳ
˵գΪһƬԴڡ
ಣ
ϫָһƽʱգϿС
ˡ
ȽȻ֮䣬ԭĵһȻãһĲһƬһƬɫڶ𣬽Ͽȳ׸ס
ϫһƽ֮󣬾ͬţ뺣ûһ˿ʧӰ١
ţ
ϫУԼ޷̽Ͽеʵ
ȷһĪҹ֮ɱƣ¾߱ħðȻУֻ¶ˡ
ŮзһĨ˹ЩأҲ֪̽еĿɲ֮
̫пܲˣҼʶʶһжˡ
ϫһü䷺һĨɡ

ڳɽѽȻ֮ĳϫԣȻ޶ԡ
Ҫ󣿡Ů۲
ܴѰٳһ·Բ󡣡
ϫͷҲشѾǰһ


1729 ǵ۾
һʱ䡣
ϫϿǰһһԲһܵĵƵġ
ŮûдԶ
ȱѾϫɽ״ӣ֪ۼ裬ϹУֻ¶Ҳһܹɽ׵
£Ů۸ĳϫƲǰѳ˳ϫƿصķ硣
ʱһһȥ
ȥϫһΨһԽüȴʲô⡣
鷳
Ϊ£ڳӯķ̺ɣĻɬ¡
ֹˣճϫݣвֹ֮Ƽ֮ԸǷ˼ᾡ칤
һ˵񾳣۾ڽУֻ¶٣Уʧҡ
ճϫķ裬Ҳֻϳ֮ŵصɱ١
ȴԶԶ
ΪΪ
֮һгӯһ񾳲ܹȥƳġ
ϫɣԼָ㣬Ůȥ֣Ҳ԰쵽һ
ԭڣгʵ̫Ԩ֮ܽУ
ɲǵ۾԰쵽ġ
֮˵Ϊڵ۾֮ˡϫзɿ˼⡣
ɽһδ֪֮أѰȴΪλ˾һ
Ȼ֮󣬱Ȼʲô
ڳϫ󷽣Ȼ̫ɡ
оʦѩԼȥݼλˣֻ¾ǲ´֮ˡ
ϰףϵô󣿡
Ȼϫһϰ˳
ֻɪͼ̱һ֣ͱ״Сһ֪ȻвŲʣֱѪп֮
Ů۲죬ϸϰһѩףצƽɣͷһ߲Եڣ񿥣ȴδϳ⾿һֻʲôˡ
ȻϫǴһֻݣǺϹеƺȫһ
ϫüûû˵ϰףûˣ
֣ϰɫһͣҿξԭˡ
ϫа̾һҺõڷʱûų֪ᴳٻ
Сһﶼϲֻҳˡ
ϰ״˿һͦţȻɨǰϿȣƬ̣ɫһֽͣеֻһ£ԹԣСһĪҪȥǵɸҲûʲô𡣡

ϫУϻ˵ֻϳ󣿡
ϰ죬ȴǰҲ˵
ȻҲϵô
ϫûһۣһȥ
һૣϰ׶ϵô󣬿ֻн޼񹂴֮ȥѰٳһ·ˡ
ˡ
һУ޼񹂺Ȼתܻһضͼ
ϫҲԼ֮ǰ֪һУϤ޼񹂴֮ڣʼȫ
޼񹂣ų޼󣬿ݳκ񹂵бʰɽߴС
˿̣ϫ޼֮ʼȫǰһһɲǼ䣬һĸӿͷ

ʱţ֪ʱȥ
ŮޣϢֻӵǵۻʵΪ˰ɣģϰ״Ůһؿ˵
ŮȻƳ˶Էһۣû뵽ֻܿԼΪˡ
ٺ٣˳ݵؿ棬ı»ءϰ׵󣬰Ȼ˵
ŶǸǣ
Ů۴Ȥʵ
˵˵
ϰһصҵ̫ףֻѡ
Ů۵ԣ˿̶̲סֻۣδ̫ᴵˣ߶߶ģֱǸ⡣
ţ
ϰߵŮޣҲ²ⲻĿǵϵġ
Ůͫ׶ʱһ
ϰ׼٩٩̸ĭɣȷһѵõ䣬ԴΪʱȡò˼Чϧ˹бףҲֲΪٳǵ۾ȴ޷
Ůʧô֪
ϰ׵һֱ羪ףУ޷򶨡
Ϊȷǵ۾ãδѰٵ֮ⶼΪһĽᡣ
ϰ׼ŮģͽкѣŮ޻̫ᣬû档
Ůȴ֮ǰǰ㵡һǸʣǷн֮
ϰбһۣڵϻҼȻܵΪϣȻܽ
˶٣ȻٺЦǲ֪𲻺˼氡ҵĶ˵ʹӦˡ
Ů۶ʱһüͷȴǼΪΪʵҪϰ
Ҳ֪ʲôȻ΢΢һЦٴϰס
һ£ϰ׷Щ׽ˣŮޣѷĻᣬѰɾָ˵ģҪϧһΣԺ޻ˡ
Ů۵Ȼˣʱһʳϫܵõ𰸡
Сӣ
ϰײЦ֪ƨ
һɲǣʱסŮ۵Ĵ㣬ŵۣҪСҿˣŮ޺öĻδ̫СҵĹˡ
ʲô
ڴʱһȻȻϰɫһͣʱ͡
˵ģǳϫ
üĿˣŮʵ
ݳһ·ǰȻ󡣡ϫЦŵͷ
ȻˣǱ̳ɡŮһԥ㼴ϡ

ϫĿ⿴ϰףҲ˵ֱϰ׻һڣ̲סֹСһҪ
ϫղ˵ʲôô
ϰ׽еðΪŮޣȻϧ۸ңֱɫǻ裬ҡʹļװ
ϫüٷϻŲھͰ
ϰ׶ʱ׻ˣûһ򣬺޺޵һԹŮʵɶ񣡡
Ů
ϫôǶסһ鴤
ŮҲһ絶Ƶϰס
ߣ
ϰȴչ̻ڰգؽµҲˣ߲ߣ
ϫݸŮۣεϰ׵ĺܣ͵ڰɡ
ŮȴЦЦ֪
˵ʵô׵õΪϰķǾϲѣԲϰ׼ƽôˡ
Ǳɡ
ϫҲǰһͦΪϰһ죬Ůۡ
šŮ۵˵ͷ
ϰ緢
£ϫͷϰϣŮ۽󣬳ɫǵϿȥ


1730 ֮
ڣֲָļžУ͸޾ɱ
һ̣ϰ׺Ů۵ɫҵģϾһµĽƣ̫ɲ

һӰû
ϫȴг񣬲صĲʱػأʱͣ٣ʱǰӡ
Уʱֳ硢ɽХжѵʱԨبԶħź쳹Ѫ£ɭȻ׹ʬء
ÿһ־󣬶һɱ
ڳϫĴ£Щɱһ˲֮յرܿ
һ·ϣоգɼˣϰ׺Ůɫأ赽֡
ǽԶ˴ǳϫӣֻѴһ޾ɱˡ
ֱ
ǰɲʱǿպڶɰ˻ģʱǳ뱬飬ҫۣ֮𡭡
ǲǻʵֻϫһЩ֮ǰձܿУʵˡ
һ̣ϫɫأӿ֮䣬˵Ĺ
һȷ̫ˣӲƴ۾ֻ¶ˣ
ҲֱֲҲδܽһƳͨķΪӵеεΪԽ˵һ
óϫжԽԽغСģʱһʱһʱһ˲н֮ء
ʱ߱δ֪֮ܣɱķľУҪ߳һ·
䣡
ǰسһͷͨӲӵԳߴɣֳһѩ޹ǳìձɱ
ƬʱȻ飬ǿɲɱϫһϣ¶֮ɫ
𳺣֣ʮϢ֮ɱ
ϫɿ촫͸һĨ
ϣϣ
ȳϫ£ŮǺȻ֣񽣺Ͱǽ磬Хȥ
¡¡
ѣҵԱɢȵóϫӰĵ˲ֹ
һ̣Ů۾ҹ˻
һɫԳмЦ羪ףꡣ
䣡
һӣ׹ǳǹ֮ٴαɱ
ŮɫأһѶȫΪͶԷɱһ
һʱ֮䣬ݺᣬǹӰֱҪ顢촷ۣΪ֮ء
Ҫ֪Ůۿһλ۾ڣɫԳ֮ͥ񣬿֪жɲ
Уɱͷϣһ·᳹ʧϫɫˮнơ
һս޷֣һϯУ̱ɱ޷ء
ڴʱϰ׺ȻڣŮޣбǶɺαնʡ
УŮۻһ͵ӰһչбգеҶµһͬʱָ֮䣬͵һ
ৣ
һɲǼ䣬ƶȻǣһӲɫԳõɳȥһŭС
Ů۶ЩţΪ԰첻һˡ
Ӧϰ׵ٴ𣺡ָ죬һ컯㡣
ϣ
Ůۼʶ񽣵ջһߣƽָȴֳһԲɭ
ۣ
һ֮£նɫԳһ۰
ѪɫԳŭӣҲţԵñޱȡ
һ£ϫǿһЩŵϰ˵ģǾʽһһֶطţַţŮ۶ƿأɲ֮һΣҲ֮ǣŴﵽ㾪˵Ч
ڤ帮ɨš
ԪӢ
ƹأͤΰ˼ҡ
ϰٷɿ죬һɬķָ£ŮԽսԽ£ƲɵɫԳɱѪ䣬Ǻм֮
ϫһҲҲ಻ѣû뵽ϰֻɪ񣬾ָһ۾սٲȻһָ㽭ɽˮļơ
ϼһҲŲٶϫ˼
ۣ
һ˻ɫԳͷ­һն䣬УӴɽȻ׹ء
磬ͷɫԳԺ͵۾ڲ߳˷ȴǸɴرŮնɱ
һ̣ŮҲסЩһԼΪ
ߣֻһʩչСǾģǰ̫ᡣϰ׵󿪿ڡ
һɲǣɫԳʬ㻯һ̣ٿȻʧУ˻ɸղŵһǷõġ
ĿһĻϫɫñأ뿪
ৣ
˵ʱӰһǳǰȥ
ŮԲҵæȥ
¡
Ǹһ뿪ƬضȻݣΪһƬԨﲻ棡
֪һؽˡ
·;ϣɫԳ޳ֻȴ
Ʋɱ
һ·ϣϫЩľκεķġ
£ԭϰһŮۣҲǿûпڣŵϫˡ
ֻУǰԾҸһøֻú̸һ̸
ղŶԾһͷɫԳʱȷЩ𺳣ΪϰָķţֹһΣͬԭõΪ磬һɶͻƵļ
Ȳε޵߶ԣֱȻȡһԵҪࡣ
ˡ
Ȼϫһɳ
˵ʱǰһǰʱһ䣬һƬɽ֣뵣ǳ͡
֮£Ƭɽ£ľϸΪӲҰ
ʵǶһ꺱ҩУһƷ꣬쳣ʥࡣ
ϫע⵽ЩҩܽԶнƲǱڴˡ
֮⣬ּһʯС·䣬ͨȻͷ
պܾף͸һľϢ
ϫľǣִ˵֪֮֮յһƣֻǿܸ֪ǧɷΧ
֪ǳϫŮҲˣԭ΢ɵҲٴξ
ǿ󣬿֪̾ڴ˵λˡε֮ǿܵˡ
ܲѰ
һ̣ϰ׶һ̬رޱȣҲ²ⲻֻѲϹУ
ʲô
ϫŮһϹֻ
֮СΪףӵŤתǬֶεģɾѰˡ
ϰһ䣬һԭα¶ȻȻڣǷ׻
ϫŮۻһۣԶֻ񳹵ˡ
û뵽ʱ꣬еܹǰڴˣǰ
Ȼһ𣬰һͷʥ֮İ¹ڿո֣ͨѩף˳Ⱦͷǣ񿥷Ƿ
һ֣㳯ϫһ΢΢ףת̧һּʯ·ȥ
ϫ˵ʱһݣ֮ǰǿһ㶼ûͷ¹εִģ
̫ء
⴦򴦴͸һηϢ


1731 էȻ
¹ͨʥ⣬񿥷ǷŶݣּ̤ʯϣ
Ů۵ƺǴ˵еİ¹ʥܾ࣬ӵĵطĪؼһһʥ֮ء
дһĨ𾪡
ϫҲȻѣ¹ǽޣ
ûгɣϫȸȥ¹ѱκζ⡣
һ·ϣҲ̽źͶԷ̸ȴʲôԷȴǻȻԹԵǰߴ·
óϫüǿɻ󣬼ǰ
ƬľɽֺرУ·;ϲʱܿһ꺱ҩʮ£籡ϼ˱ǡ
֮⣬Խɽձףּȣ磬ƻã˷߽һƬԴȻ롣
Ҳ֪˶ãϫȻע⵽һƵɫϼ⣬ٲƵĴľּ䣬Ҳ֮һĴ
һ˻֮ԴУһȣ֮
ϫ̲ס̧ͷȥȴԾ֣һһɫǳڰգ治ǧɣӨӨӲӣͷɫʢԡ
ЩǳֻȭͷСӨ͸͸ȴӯź󡢺ޱȵĴ
ףһſǳΪӣںϵԴְ֮գջΪһάƬصѭǵڣ޷쵽ˡ
ϰ׾̾
ϫŮ𶯣˭һĻֻ¶޷ƽһһǳΪӰ㣬ְգΪֱ֮ɶ컯
Сһ㾿Ϊˣ
ϰ׽סʵ
ΪѰٽ֮
ϫδ
ô˵òܾһϸԪӴܰɣ
ϰײ
ԣϫȻסϸԪܣԼôû뵽һ㣿
쿴ǰߣ
ȻŮ۳ЩԾ
ϫʶ̧ȥҲסһС
ԶһƬɫ֣ȣɾʱܿ׺ѣԳϷȸ䣬޳ûһ;
ּ䣬һӰ̻С
Ƥΰħ޹Ǵ󹭣ƿһԲȻԵ£Ŀ
һͷ˻ԴٿȻһλţһ飬ּⲽҡͷԡ
һ࣬һλֳһͭŽʯϣһֶصĽƣѭ
֮⣬һϣףлŮӰ̻УԶ£š
еü˼ееⲽеܵһ
һжԵþס͡
⡭
ϫ𺳣Ϊǻþϸϣһȴģá
һ̣ŮҲƿԣһЩ֪ںδĻ֮С
ȤȤ̻˵أҪʵô
ϰƿʲô˼
ʵ
ϫסϰףɿʲô
˵ٿ֪
ϰ׳ãջҡҡͷ޷ȷϡ
ϫüǵִ֮Щ̻еӰǷδ㣬˵ǣûһۡ
óϫһɻЩӰΪλۼ
ʱһͷǰߴ·İ¹㣬˵λѣڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
˵ţҪ뿪

ϫæסʴ˵ؿ̫ۣ
¹˵ͷ
ϫһ񣬵õȷ𰸣˿浣ܴ˵طһƬİ֮أǿɾͲˡ
ѣҪݷùͨһ
ϫֵ
ڴ˵Ⱥɡ
¹㿴ЩѣԶΪݷҼ˶еڴѵȺǧ꣬еѵȺꡣ
ϫһЩš
ô˵Ҫˣ͵ڴŶӵȺˣ
ϰ׽סе
ִܵ˵أҲԵ֮ˣ̫۹أ¡
¹ǸȻ˵
ߣôļӣǲԸأ
ϰߵ
¹ЦЦδԡ
ɿУȴһĨļµϢƣԳϫŮ۵ΪһɲëȻѡ
ֹˣԶУһɲҲŲĿɨӶЩȣϾ˸ڴѰ¡
ǸҵȲӲ˼
֪һΣϢϫĸҳˣæڽһ䡣
ãλѻ㡣
¹

ϫóһӨӨ񣬵ݹȥѣҿ
ԭǹá
¹ʱסĬãſסһ񣬵
˵ţתʯ·ȥ
ϫŮۻһۣԶܣǰȴڴˡ
ף
Ϊλˣ
ã˿ɲ򵥰
ֱϫһ뿪вһ˽ȻҲĲƽ
ܿ죬Ǳָ£¶κβ

ǰһʱ䣬ʯ·ȻֹǰһƬé®
é®ܣӳٲƣ£һֳȻ֮
ֻé®һ࣬һʯʯϣ޾ϴϱӡšּ̫ۡ
ˣϫʱһɫׯʦѩԼݷ֮ˣȻˡ
С㣬йá
¹é®ǰڡ
¹Եȣҩš
һöдȪˮɷǶ͸һɻûζ
ţ
ϫȻһüëԼоЩϤƫƫȴ벻
ôˣ
Ůʵע⵽ϫɫЩ
ûʲô
ϫҡͷЩ޷жϡ
֨ѽ
ûãé®鱻ڴ򿪣¶һϲСһŮɫȹѣɰһֱ˵֮
飬һʯƵһתϫʱʱס
ϫҲסЩš
ô㣿
˼ͬ
һ£ŮۺϰҲסϫȻϵС
˿̳ϫȴĲƽûǴǰŮл۴ϣ
յִĩ֮ʱһ׷ɱҺð;żȻ۴Ϻλصűܿһ١
泵游йػ۴ϺλҪҸᱨԷľ֮
ȴһĪӣֻλͬѰܾϺС
ɳϫû뵽Ī̫ۣ۴ˣֱóϫЩš
ѵ˵۴λص̫۹
ԭСϵλѣСϱ㲻߶ˡ
¹ºһЦһ񽻸۴֮󣬱תȥ
ʱ򣬻۴ҲӦЦ˳ϫһԴС磬û뵽ȻѰˣδѽ
ݰףĿɷǻ鶯
ϫпҲû뵽۴Ϲˡ
ϻôȻʶɵģɲǴ֮ϰµ


1732 
۴һЦƢǱĺܣɡתé®ȥ
ϫ˵¸ȥ
é®֮ڣľ裬ިͥԺ䣬һͨСС
Ѱé®𣬵ϢȴĿԶһƹϵϣԵȻͬ
СһЩ˵һһľ򵥵ȴԳǬһֶΣĺ֮γһɳһ֮УһԴ룬ؽ٣
ϫϴϰصһݣС˵ء
Ƭ̺󣬻۴Ͻϫһ˴һͥԺС
ͥԺҲǼ򵥵м俪һˮα̣ҶҡҷУһȺ׹Уʱ̽Դųϫһˡ
ף֣꣬Ѿҩȿ䣬ƾ֮ʱȡ˼
ϰ׹ֽһһεģ
һһȺ׹ֱŵٲðݡ
۴ϿÿֱЦöһģλЪϢһ
һͥԺǰİǰ£¾һͷɫŹϹʡ񽬹һһʢڳϫŮǰȻವһ£ʧ
ͫ⨺ѽӿһӵͨ仯ɶ֮У۹۰˷֮ˡ
ϰֹֽһ治ѡ
ǻ˲֪£ȴһһէģóϫסһ
дҲ֪̫ںεȲֹһһľǬޣҲǿ֡
ף֪ͦࡣ۴Ҳһ£شϰס
ʲô棡ϰһؾһ䡣
۴Ϸ˸ۣߣҲŲУŲŰץȡ
˵ţݺݻ˻Сȭͷ
ϰɫһͣߵˣҲúСѾͷƬӼƽϡ
»۴ϣǵ̫۵ˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ϰ׳Ա񣬻۴ȴǵһЦŤͷϫС磬Ϊ˺£
ϫҲûԼĿĺг
۴꣬˼ôҵǵһ˵ȶ϶֪ġ
ϫ̲סʵ۴ϹλǰǴ˵˰ɣ
۴һЦѽΪأ
ϫп֮ǰɴδ뵽ڴ˵㣬Ȼû뵽λǰ̫۹
۴Դ룬ţȥһ
˵ţʲôϰ׵ɲ⣬֪ˣҶȲ㡣
ϰɫһͣȻŭ𣿡
㲻ˣ
۴ϿһЦתȥ죬һɻ鶯ζ
ʶСģ
ͥԺˣŮ̲סʵ
£ϫѷĩ֮еһкгĩ˸п˵һǷһء
磿
ϰб˳ϫһۣﷺһĨɫһš
ôˣ
ϫʵ
ûʲôֻһЩ¡
ϰҡͷ
ϫϰãܸоʲôԼδʡ

ʱ䲻֪ţ񷸲һĨҹɫһſɫǳ׵ĹͥԺУԵ쳣ʥࡣ
ѾʱˣСô
Ůü
ϫҲɻѣǱʲô鵢˰ɡ
һ̣ϰ֮ǰһ𣬴ʱſڳߺ˯ǵĿˮУ˯˺ǲĿ
ϼһûûΡ
ϫҡͷˣ̫ڴأһһľǻǾȴΪס
Ů۵˵ͷóһ򣬱㿪ʼĲ
ϰ׽мһЩйеķţŮǷȱġ
ˣϫҲһԺʼ޴
ΪϣѴﵽжŽļ޵زӵһۻʼʱر֮
ϣҲԴﵽˡСɡزͷֻһ̤㡰ɡ硣
ΪҲԭʼľһ͵زԲΣҪͻƵڶ֮
˵ĳϫǴһ¾㱸ĵزͲһˡ
գȴδѡ̳磬Ͼ̫ۣҲΪѰӴơķȷʱѰһƧȫ֮ؽҲ١

̫ۣһԼɾһȾéС
۴ϥϣ˫ĵصȴţЩ˯ˡ
ڴʱһƵȻˮׯ񾲵𣺡۴ϣ㲻ȥҩΪ͵
һʥΰһưɫԵӰ֣գȴԿݡ
۴Ͼһ֪ҽ˭
ĬƬ̺Ȼԭˣҵˣ
۴һЦ֪Ҳأˣ
˵ţһֳһؾӨȻ
ģ
̽ùϸһҲ֪ʲôȻһ̾ˣǹȻͬһš
۴ɻ˭
ɽѩ
ﲢ͸һֱĵľֻ±ʦˡ
Ŷԭɽѽ
۴˼صͷ
Ϊ˺£
ʵ
۴ϵ°йءơһһ˱顣
һУٴĬֱãŵȻ˵ǰκֻҪܰ쵽ģͳͳӦˡ
˶٣ǣĩ֮ʱѰһɱ֮һһǷ
۴Ȼ˼ǣ
£Ժ˵
۴ɻǡҸλظλС磿
Ƴ˻۴һۣǵҵĩ֮˵ģĪ⣬;Ҳݲֺһ˲ǣƱػӰ쵽Լĵ;Ǻǻɾ˵׼ˡ
񵭣ȴ͸һɾζ
۴Ͼ˼ǣԺҺλСˣ
Ȼ̾˿ʱȱһܰɣЩȴûҵּ⣬̤һ
˵գӰ翣뿪é®

۴żҪ׷ȥȴַŽգһƣҲ޷򿪡
գĪҲ֪ģˡ

ҹɫ£һԼӰ޵ĹȻԶԶԶһͥԺ
ͥԺУϫŮ۽Զڴϰں˯
Ȼˣ㶼㲻ˡţ
̾б㷺һĨɫע⵽ϰס
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ʲôһԨĹ֮󣬲תȥ
ͬʱԺ˯ϰ׻һ͵۾૵ɶѵ˸ղ͵˯ô
ҡҡͷſ£˯


1733 
һ硣
һߵ𣬴еĳϫŮ۽Զѹ

ϫڡ
ǣǰĲǻ۴ϣͷ¹
λѣҼڱչأһʱټλλҪ֮£ڴ˵Ⱥһ
¹ڡ
չأ
ϫŮԼоֻˡ
۴ȥձ̫֮۹ڱչأδҲ̫ɺһ㡣
ʵѣҪڴ˵Ⱥã
ϫüʵ
£޷
¹
ǺãǱڴ˵¡
ϫȻЦЦ£ǿԳô˻ᣬԹؾһ
¹˵ͷתȥ
Ҫڴ˵Ⱥ򣿡
ŮüҸоλֻǹܶĻǵȥҲǺ塣
ֻҪߣ±תǻǵһΪá
ϫһƬᶨֻҪܹѰٵ縴յİ취ΣҪһȡ
˵زϹֻĸ·˶ͨ㣬ʱһܷͷҲ
ϰ׳˸Ƿ󿪿ڡ
ϫ˵ͷ
ô˻ᣬҲȰΪͻ˵

쿪ʼϫһռһ䣬ʼչء
ŮҲûţþֶΣҪϰ׿ȡһЩйϵķš
ϰ׻£սȴ൱ΣλŮ۾ƾˣҲأʼһһָŮС
ֻⲻһˬҲ⣬һǻŭ˳еϡ
ûˮ㣬ץһֻճΪвͣ㡣
ܿͷ¹ԴؾϰһǳеһȺϰ׶֡
ȥ۴Ѷ
ʱϫû˼Щ
ˡ
УϥεֱǹƵԣϼͷʥ֮
УƺƵ糤ӣϯɢÿһռ䣬ѭ͸һɱ͡Բףڵ˼¡
ֹˣһ֮ͨ¯תԾΪýΪ˶ȼ
ڡơΪ׼
񣬱Ƿ֮زִ˾ᱻٳһƬԴ磬أݡ
¡¡
һ󣬳ϫ˶Բƣ𵴴֮Хһɽڲײ
һĻΪѰ񾳲ΣȻӵˡ
УȻֳһƬƵ̫ԨƵģһɹϡããϢ
Դ
ǽ񾳵ף
ͣ
أϫף³һɬ
һϽɫڶͨȻһſŽɫǳǧ޾ѭݣͷųһļµĵۻϢ
һ֣䶼ӲһƬ
һۻʼ
һؼΨһϵ󣬱֮ǾƷۼǸ߳һΣڸǹŽ֮ȼߡ
һ̣ϫſһ̣㽫ڡ
䣡
һ˲ѣϫУƻ翪٣쳹һޱȵ֮
ǳڣϡ
һĨϽɫʢٿȻӿУǱٳһƬԴ֮ء
һ̣һж뾲ֹǲѭǳڳϫľһּžС
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ƭ̣һɵ𶯣ӵԼ࣬ڲ
𶯣УһϽɫǣһɹε֮ʼӡ
֮䣬ϫǺޱȵԶ类Ͻ֭ǳա쾭γ޲ֳϽ֮ɫͷųޱȵơ
ƻۼԾţһӾͱúͬˣ
һɵۻʰƣжһɽӰζ
ԴУһƬȻϽȺХеԭʼԴȪʢԣһ֡桱ζ
һб仯δֹʱƣҲԽԽˣԽԽƴ
Ϊ֮֮
ν⣿
˵񾳴ڣӵԴǰ縡Ƽһ㣬ֻ沨
෴ִ˾棬쿹ʱ𣬰˷ϮҲǿȻ˲޵ߵ

ʱ䣬ϫͨ⣬һֱڷžɱ䣬ûоͷһ㡣
ǵ˺У֮𡱺͡Ψһ̨Ͻ֮ɫϢʢҫ۶Ŀ
һеף޲ʾţϫһ־˵ٶͻţѽ񾳿Ϊһ
¡
ڳϫչس񾳵ĵʮ죬ͥԺ⣬֮ϣȻһɲ֮
һɲǼ䣬֮ͷų⣬ҫ죬һӲӵĻ꽵٣һؼ乲
ţ
Сӿߵһˡ
Ůۺϰ׻Ȼ̧ͷȺʱԶֳһĨ
콵ۻ֮׹֮󣬽֮ôЩˡ
̫У¹̧ͷ뵣ʲô
¡
ڴʱһ𵴣ֳ衢ӽ̾ȵ
ֱһɫƸ֣ӳĽ֮⣬ͷųһ
ǣ
Ůһ𣬻㱲ѣ֪ϫõһۻʼ
¹Ҳǻһ¶֮ɫ
̫⣬УһӰҲͣжԶ񷣬Զ¶һĨ¡
󣬾ǺΪ
ڽ֮ȴبźĪǾƷۼ
ԣƷۼ亱ɽ֮ʱȴ޷ƣţУֻӵСΨһ̨ߣڽ֮ʱŻ󣬴֮ˣ

̫УһʥϵӰ֣˫ָ񷣬λصһ̣Ҳ
ƴǡۻ֮ףȻˣç֮ʱº֡
Ҳֻܶһˡ
ૣתȥ
¹֮󣬱ҡ
һ¹У͵شѹһظ
ϵһյʱ䣬ŻΪһϽɫԣٿȻ٣ϫڷ䡣
һӣϥԹ壬绯Ϊһ⣬ϡ嫡ʥࡣ
ֱãһűȡڣڵı仯Ҳ֮Ļ
һУƻָƽ
û֮ǰǳʢޱȵľ󣬻عʵһַ価ζ
ϫȴδʹ˿һľУججȻҡ


1734 ͻͽ
ˣ
ֱ󣬳ϫŴӴƽرжϳԼ̤֮С
ȷ̸ʲôģΪϫΪ׼˲֪ʱ䣬˴Ϊͻƣȫˮɡ
һϫʼı仯
ȱı仯ǻһƬϽɫȻԻͣ
֮أһƬԴӿޱȵϽۻ
ǵۻʵ֮̾ڡ
Դ֮ϣ޼񹂣ѭԴеĵۻȡͨѭɢ
ͬʱӿӷ޼񹂵ת뵽Դ֮Уάϵŵۻ
֮Դ޼񹂡֮䣬ͨۻΪγһԲѭ
ۻһۻʵ
ԳϫΪͲĲ䡣
һжԵþȻ򣬺ɭϡ
񾳲ĿһĻֻ·Ǿ°ͲɣԭڣϫٵԴʵ̫ԨҳӯۻϽܹ֮ȡ
ı仯ϫҲõ׳ɱ䣬۵ı֮Ψһ̨Զֳ˲ȻϽ֮ɫһֵۻʰΡơ
¡¡
ϫȻתΪһɲǼ䣬ƶȻòͬӿ֮䣬һִأתǬơ
ճϫԼݣԼӵеս֮Ҫǿʮֹ
һŵı仯
ԳϫԣҲϾܹ۳Ψһ̨ģΪֹ֪Ҳҹ˶ѡ
ܹӵСۻʼģϹУҲֻгϫһˡ
£񾳣ս벻츲صı仯ѡ
ǳϫˡ
һ·޵ʵޱȣѪսϴܹӵнɾͣҲĸѲϵˡ
ͣϵ۾ڣҲ֮ǰǰ޻֮ˡ
ϫ˵֮ϣ۾һ仰㳹ѹĳкԼɲǶ֣ȴԲ񵱳ǰֻԴС
ƴ״̬£ϫžԿԴӵ۾ˡ
ΪͶ۾ԾĿŮۺͶ۾֮սʶԱԼ߱սʱԴжϳԼںεˮ׼
ںͬԾ
һϫǺţٶϹұ롢ƷȵеϹӲԼҲԽѹ
ճϫ֪εҲǸвͬͬӵеսҲǸͬ
Ҳܺ⣬ڳʱҪԴԴǷŲͬƷġ
£֮ͬԴҲȻǲͬġ
ƷģԳǾ
Ʒģ
Ʒۼģǵۼ
ƷµģղͬΣ۷塢⡢һͨȵȼ
ȻһʣΪ硣
ӵʣֻ񷢻ӳǿսȴΪԶͬˡ
ͺñĳϫոս񾳣ӵԶۼʣҲֻڵΪ
Уϫ൱һе׵ۻʣ֮ƿȵŴ֮ǰӵеȨеϳв硣
ϳȻָ޵ۻʣΪˮ׼Ĵڡ
ۻվǵۻʣֻڣɸϫǾ׵ĻԼǳսҲͬռݼˡ
Ϊƻ᲻ֱѹͬˣ
ӵеۻʼĿɲ֮ʱũҲΪһԴˡ
ֱãϫӵеȫȫӦ֮ų𣬳ȥ
һʱ䣬չѾһʱ䣬֮˼һ˰ݼλϱߡ

ϫӷ߳ϰ׺Ů۽Զ۾һ
ϫˣͬǣϴǦ棬һжƽƽƽ֮£ȴ̺һ޷ӵϣ
Ǻǣֻ㲻ûûµһ
ϰ۾бһϵĿǡ
ϲˡ
ŮЦϫĽٶ֮죬Ҳ޲ѡ
ѩīᡱϼϫʱֱŲһʱ䣬ϫ̤زٶȣκ޵߶ݲѡ
֮ʱ⣬ɫƴɲ˭ӵеġ
л
ϫŮ۹˹֣ϰףֱӾͱˡ
ûϢôϫʵ
ŮҡͷûС
ϫüѵλһֱܶһоΪʲô
ڴʱһߵȻһͷ¹˽ֱϫǰѣҼ롣
ϫһʲôʲô
£ڰ¹󣬾ֱ뿪ͥԺ
ԭϰ׺ŮҲҪˣȴܾˣԳƴ˴ֻټϫһˡ
ϰ׺Ůֻա
߽ԶԼоλ֮ټϫֻºͳϫʱҲֲϵˡ

éڣּԼӯһƵϣƽ͸һɳȻϢ
ϫִʱͿһʥΰ޳ӰУڵȺ
ǰ
ϫ֣һ۾ϳλԼĩ֮ʱλ
˵̫۵Ĺ

һӣһŰʢǰ
ϯضһյƵĲ裬һԼһƵ˳ϫߡ
еպܲ򵥣ǽһлΪ򣬷豹棬˵ľܵӰ죬ü򵥴ʴݡ
ϫҲܵյĲͬеλΪɲ⡣
ԣǰκֻҪܰ쵽ģӦˣӦĩ֮ʱ㻯һɱ٣һһνǷˡ
￪ڣ͸һĨ˾ηϣʥԣԿŵʵݡ
ϫףΪǰЩӶԷٳٲټԼˣ̲סΪǰָı⣿
ԭܶ࣬ʦѩԭ֮һı֮ĩ֮һıԭ֮
ﵭȻڣʲôһһģĪעȻ޷ܿһԵȥ⡣
̹ϣϫЩ޻˵
롣
ȴҲٶԣ豭һڡ
ϫ豭ȴĲɣ̽ǰɷָһ
˵Ƶķţ

ǸҰ첻شĺܼ򵥣ҲȻ
óϫʱסʧ
첻

ʦѩɾ¿Цġ
Ƴһۣȴٴοڣ첻ȴһţԳѹơ޷


1735 
һ仰ϫԭʧ±
仰ζʲô
ʥԡʥ֮ѹڡơȴֻάϵʮ¡
óϫһΪƣ޲ö飬ȥȫԸѰƽ֮
ȻơȴϸԪطΪѲ伸ӵн֮
ʦѩ޲ߣָֻϫǰ̫Ѱƽ֪֮ε֮
ﲢδƽ֮ܳѹơԳϫԣԺҲص䲻ˣԸṩĻȥѰƽⷨš
ǰָ㡣
ϫȻ֡
ĪҪ̫磬ܷЧҪԼȥ׼
ﵭȻ˵
׼
ȴӦҰ£ֻҪɣұ㡣
ǰֱԡ

ϫʱŮۺϰױ㷢֣üͷ壬һģ
ôˣ
Ů۽סʵ
ϫ̾˿֮ǰ̸ݺг
һ£ϰ׺Ů۲ףΪγϫüˡ
ԭλ£ֱһ̫⣬һֱڵȺҪݼһ޵ߡ
˳ϫһϼŽϰֿġҩ֣ԼҪĿóϫȫȫˡ
䵱̫ʱ䡣
£ģˣʱѣֻҪܳװѹơ˵꣬ʮϫҲԸ⡣
ϫͷ۵ǰ¡
ڵִ̫ʱϫЩ̻Ⱥ޵ߣһϢǿеڴ˵Ⱥǧ֮ã
£Ҫ˳˳ߣɲô׵顣
֮⣬ڶҲΪ鷳Ϊе֣һһϫǰδŹȥˡ
ϫҲλǹԼƲⲻеģֻ¶Ϊѹơ׼
ȷЩ֣̻޵У̤۾֮ҲһЩأͷĴڣҪǹԹ뿪
ŮҲü˳ϫѴ
λ۾
ϫͫһһ֪ԭоô۾ڡ
ǰ̫ᣬкѣ
ϰȴǺȻһЦһɸĽģǣЩһǰ˵أΪ£
ʵ
ϫ˰¹˵Ļԥ
ȻʵȻ˼ΪֵıϣʶŲϧǰڴˣҪ̫۹ָ㣬ɡ
ϰ٩٩̸ԣֻҪǽϵ⣬һжӭж⡣
ϫһü۾⣬ܰǣ
ϰƵĿųϫָԼıӣϻСӵȻУѵû𣿡
ϫĻ벻һ㣬ֻԼϰװæˣԼ˵ڣһͳɹһ롣
һĶͷȻô˻λǰڣҲ¿¿ˡ
ϰ׵ʱף˭¿
ϫһЦקסϰ׵ĳͳͥԺȥǰˣܸƽˣʧݣߣϽȰҽһ鷳
ߣСʶ࣬ǿܵˣçʱڣ˭ҶָɣԵ³СӱЦһ١
ϰһĭɵشԼһ߸ϫһ뿪߽Զ
ŮԶԶںߣһĻݸЦѡ
ʵϰ״ˣȻоֻ܆ºܰʵҲܸ˴õġ

ϫϰ׺ġ
֮ǰڴһͨ˵صʱΪϰ׵ָ㣬Ůսһ࣬ɱͷɫԳ
ʱϫĿһС
ϰȻϲţɶҲǲŲٶȻָܹŮۣȻҲָ۾ˡ
һͷ¹Ĵ£ϫһ˺̫ۣܿ߳һƬǰ
ţ
ǰЩģˣʵ˲ֻǲ֪͹ʲôϵˡ
ȷǸ츳Ȼ˫ˣԺǰ;
ϫһǰЩӰδһǰ㲻ǣǽԶԴƵĴ˳ϫһ
ˣΪ£
һ߿ڣѯʳϫ⡣
λѽ󡣡
ϫ΢΢һЦ̹Ȼ˵⡣

˻һһ޵ߡ
ǹǰ
̲סʵ
ϫҡͷһλʵ˴ǰλĿģλ˽ʵ֮ģӴ˷ء
Ǻǣˣ˭ôţҪҵȽ󣿡
֮ǰΪˣԭСһôֱǻЦ۾һָģ
Ƿδ̫Сһ뿪ŭҵȣѡ
λѣûôСһǴ뿪أ
˳ʼЩȻͽסЦ˲죬˲мɹЦѡ
ԶΪϫ̫֣ͳǰݣֽѵһˡ
㷴Ӧϫ׼Ҳգ˵λѣûġ
СһٸҺСҳ㣡
һƤΰħ߳޹Ǵ󹭣ƿһԲȻԵ£ӿ֮䣬ӿâ磬ƼΪˡ
һλ۾ڣ䶢ųϫ֮ڡ
Ůкâһ˳ϫǰ
ϫȴЦʾŮ۲ؽţǷλȻס
ǴҲˣ
ƤӲãƶȻǣƬһɿɲļµϢ
ϫһϰףϰһЦųڿգ߸߸ˡ
Щļһѵ֪ʲôŵȺҵר֪ʲôдΪʦ
ϰ׸һڣʹһɼζ̼óв޵ɫһﺮڡ
ϰȴȻĿбƤӣһмǵͺñһǵ۾벻˰ɣǵһ巨šȴһֱزԭ޷ֻһǱȻܹ޷޸˺ʶ޷۱࣡
ʼƤӱŭݣ߶֣ɱɵϰ˵ʱ˶ʱ׻Ƶģʧô֪ҵܹˣ
ԭΪֻͶ񶾵ıëſڿӣɵƤԾģʱԶһѵ汻˵ˣ
ϫѼʶϰ׵ֶΣɵٴĿ龰ʱҲһֻ̾ȻȻŲٺö


1736 ϰ
ȫȻԶɿϰס
ûٿѵ⣬ԶһԹ۵ļƣҪٽһֻͼǷ沩ͨˡ
ˣϰ⣬ͦţһļƣ㿴һ۾ͿˣѵʸָԽ򣿡
Ƥɫɲβߵ˵кεȷ޸ҵƣ
ϰײмкѣвʮְ취ܰ⣬
˵⣬͵ס죬һת
ʲô
Ƥ̲סʵ
ߣҿһװǻơ
֪͸Ͻ˵ҵȿ㡣
޵߽ԶüԼϰס
ˣҽվʹ󷢴ȱһҵϻԵ
ϰһ̾˿Χ˴Ƕһ鴤
㡭
ƤӸɫһһλ۾ڣߵﶼĤݣһֻëָֻŹ
˵꣬ͱϰ״ϣˣֻ˵һ顣
˵ţ˫ⲽһɸ˷緶ν࣬졢ء桢šԪ֮λסػˮԪ֮ǣԴ࣬Ѫ֮΢ϡ
Ȼ˷ȴ긺ˣʶֻǿ֮ΪһʷϣԶħһдԴ˱׶ˣ֮ų׽ˡ࡯
صУƤԭĴ裬ϰ׼ΪŭţȴǴ
ԺУ׻һ㣬ٲȻȴһУֻϰǼ̶
ɶԴ˿̵ƤӶԣȴ˵лܶɻһ⿪类ͷȣඥéٿ֮С

Χ˶ԣȴϰж
ȴܿƤӾħһ㣬ɫʱϲʱ𺧣ʱüЦʱ˼
ǰģֱУһһ㡣
Χ˽Զ𾪣ڸȷţֻ񲢷ǿ̸ʵѧ
ϫŮۻһۣԶЦЦипѣëϰףһǴ
գգ
ֱϰ׽һнϣƤӾǼԭ㵸һ֮ģ
۾ݣȴȻȻѰֻ·Ǳ޵Цɡ
һ̣ȴ˷ЦΪһƤ֮õ⣬̶̹ڣ˻ˣ
ǵ۾ε⣡
ϹУмΪɣ
ˣƤӺڿȺڴˣֻΪʵ̫۹
ʶƤӻȻ̬㵸ȴû˷Ц
ΨϰȴЦˣһĵؿƤӣе˭㾿Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
Ƥӻһγѣ¶һĨΣһллָ㣬ȴûлᣬʮ𣡡
𣿡
ϰ۾һԺˣھͿԱ𡣡
ƤӶʱһ
һ޵Ҳ¶һĨȻֻ治
˵ţϫ˻ӳ򣬽еСһ
ϫһʱ׹λһŸ˳
Ƥüùһ̽ʱ¶һĨԥ
޵߼ˣԶһõһλ۾ΪѣѵеΪ̲ɣ
ǰĿ࣬һһϡҲֻ
ƤӿЦһƺıˡ
˵꣬ϰ׾ʹϵģҲһ˸ӵЩǱ̫۹
һоźεȺģҲ޷ȫ
Ǽó㱨ˡҪ˼ҵıϰ׶һȻģ
óϫаԸп˲Ҫ飬Ҳֻϰֻɫܰˡ
Ȼϫֻипһ£ϰΪǺͺֵ֧ġ
£Ƥóġ
һӵʮƻݡ
һŲߢڻеĻԪ
һʯ
ÿһǿ䣬Ե۾ڶԿܵջ󣬼ֵ
޵һ۾ϳɫס΢΢ˣִۡЩˡ
ƤӶԣȴǻһɣЩ֮ܹûбϵķţɲҪġ
ϰ״ػ˻ӳ򣺡£뿪ˡ
лǰ
ƤӽķУݸϫȻϰ׹˹֣תȥ
գһʱЩš
һ޵߶Щԥ˼ʲô
ϰȴЩͷ˷ʱˣһһмصģӵеģָ㣬Ȼ͸Ͻ뿪
̬ȣԵúǶӣһļơ
޵߶ֵֻԣҲ֮ƽϡ
ϰ׵Ļ֮ǽԶһ
֮ǰĿϰΪƤӽɵһУõǶϰ׵ĻҲ٣һ˿ϰ̵ͷ
ϾΪʵ̫۹е⣬ڴ˵Ⱥ̫ã˭뿪
£һö򱻲ϴģмصϰʱЩΡ
̫ˣ
ÿһĶع屦Щֵܼ֮޷
ǵҺͣоҪЩȫֱǲܵ顣
ѣЩǿˡ
˿ڣɫЩѿ
Ҳ׷׸ͣΪϰ׹ڵǡ
Щһֱǲ֪ôУЩ֮ʲô
ϰߺȳ⣬ֱѵԼͽͽƵģЩ޵߽ԶɫЩѿ
ģԸһԡ
һǰͭǱãһ⡣
㣿
ϰбһۣߵˣ㽣޷ǲ򽣵ˣ
겢⣬ֻҪеܿһ㡣
ͷǣʿн֮
ϰ׵Ҿ͸㡣
ʹ죬óУݸ˳ϫһ鿴㳯ϰ׵˵ͷ
ˣϰŵ⣬ƾָ޷ģðᡣ
᣿
һŭƭӣҵĴ𰸣
޵ҲãоϰڷܺԷ
ᡣ
ϰ׺Ȼҡͷһĸ߰øƽϣϫˡ
ϫ˵ͷҲڽϵĲ֮
£һӨȻ֦ҶӣУȨһá
ôҪҽ֣
ɫһģᣬʵ֮ã̤۷徳
£ȻѲŸոս񾳵ĳϫ󱲡


1737 ӳⷽ
ϫ΢΢һЦһ̳
ৣ
ɫ֦ڳϫӵһĨɱĽ⣬Ю纣֮ƣɱȥ

ʱ续˺ѳһֱߣֱָȥ
ţ
һû뵽ϫ˵ֱ㶯֡
ʶأνɱ¡
أ
ľǣϫõ֦ȴӲӲ£еͭŽϡ
ߣ
ɫһһȻûռκαˣһĨŭ⡣
һս񾳵˶ѣʹõһ֦޷ǿɾ̫ˡ
ৣ
ȻӦϫٴδ̳һ֦硢⡢翵ķ磬ٿȻ֮䣬ֱָüĶȥ
ٶ̫죡
궼ܣֻܺὣֵ
صһ˱ĵ˳ɫ࣬ѷһĨŭ⡣
ԷͱˣֱûԼУʵЩˣ
ˣ
ͭŽڳʢԣɱȥ
ɽһɲǣһжȻֹ˶Ӳɫ͡
Ϊһ񣬲֪ʱѵʺֻһ磬Խʺ׶
һ޵߽Զһ
һӷĻŲ̶̼֮䣬ϫǽ̳һٻ˶֣
һж̫죬ϫչֳĽ֮ǿ󣬸ǳǵ
ҲҺֻһд裬˫Զƣûöȫǵѡڽ棬ȫսƬֻ¶˲䱻ˡ
ţѻȸ
һελƶƵ亹ͷա
ɫԵ쳣ѿһľ֮ɫѣԼȻˣ
޷ܣϰڽ񣬽ٲȻΪһ֣ɷָ
ҲΪִţǧǰһٽΪ˽֮£Ϊ֮·һ˲ҫ
ΨԼڽ֮ԽĲһͣͲǰ״̬С
εŬ̶ٸǰ޷׽⡣
ǣһλϹŶİ£յִ˵أҪʵ̫
Ȼû뵽ԼһֳսУ
ңԼóĽϣһٻˣ
һУԸӵĳشʼԼһִŵĽ
ô
Ϊʲô
Уϻصͬɻ󣬶ĿԽԽȻ
ߣߣ۲䣬۲ӣ̸أϰ߳
һڶը죬͵ش־ɥȻѹ
̲סڴ£ԼΪִ̫ڽ֪һ˿ħش֮𶯣߻ħ
ϰ׿ԣ侪ѣֻһĵжɢȥ
ˡ
ϫ˶Էһֶۣеһ
Ұˡ
Ȼ
ҲȻϫĿУȴѴһĨɫ
ǶжϳϫڽϵΪҪԶһ٣ȴ˸¶ۡ
ʲôʱʧ߳ʲôʱԽٴͻƣ߲͡
ϰƮƮһ仰㲻ٴꡣ
лָ㡣
ĬãɫȻƽĿϫѣܷΪͽ
һ仰ʱըһѵˣ
ܡ
ϫشĺֱӣԥһ仰ȴĿжȻ
·ҵ·ԳųԽңҵһ١
ãһġ
һɫüᶨתƮȻȥ
ѣһգһȥģʱĽ
ֵǲ
ϫЦЦΪȻҪԽԼɲô׵顣

һߣȴδţ궯޵߶Ȳ
ѣζҩҪ󣬻ͽ̡
ķҪ󣬸οұǰִ˵أŶӣҲ
ҪϷɡ
޵߽ţϰӿȥȿֺ
ƤӺ֮ѾǶϰ׵ֶŲɣԲѡϹˡ
˼͸֮ǽӵеһԽϫѣ裬һЩС⣬µһЩ⣬Цɡ
Ȼģ˳Ϊϰ׵ָ
֣ԽϰԽǵ⣬ͷ­߰˫ָĽ͵ɪ
ҪӵĵĶһһŶӣҽվΪһһָԽ򡣡
ЩûĵĵѣҲذգһЩãֻˣʱһǲָͬ㡣
ϰĭɣһ޵ָֻţٲȻһָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵģ
ģЩ޵߲δʲôȻǵŭϰף޷õָˡ
óϫŮۿһ겻ѣһȺĪ⣬򵥵޵ߣ۾ڣȴһֻëεķʵ˸пѡ
ϰҲʵѧ֮䣬ͽЩ޵ߵƣһѪָ㣬Щ޵еθߡ
в޵߻ָϲϰΪʦǸˡ
֮գԵúׯ࣬ʥһ޵ͬϷּĵͽĽƵؿϰףͲĤˡ
ϰأҲһ̸ЦĸģϫȴֻֻѾĿðˡ

ֻ˲𰡡
ּԶ֪ʱλͻ۴ʱϰָЩ޵ߵ龰۴Ͻס̾
ȷܲ۴ϣ˵һڻУһģԼУԲ֪ͨ£·ų֮ʦ
Ȼ͸һ˿ζ
۴ϳԾ˵ģòֻɣ
䲻಻Զӡ
ﲢδϡ
һʱ֮䣬۴ϲ૵ȻȴֻΪ
֮㣬̫츳վҪʵġ
ﵭȻ˵һ䣬תȥһСһﶼƴҲ׼һЩˡ
Ҫơ۵
۴æ׷ȥ
Ϊʱ硣

ʱ䡣
ƾϰ粻֮࣬ڰЩ޵ȫߡ
ϫǣϰͲͣһ̵ҹǻȻƣֱʱһĻһδȻʧģ
룬ֻǰжį
ϧǿֻ˶ʮģʮûܴ롣ŮһϰġսƷЩʧ
ѾܲˣЩ˲䣬˵һѾѵˡ
ϫЦЦ
Ů۵˵ͷʵǽ
ϫȴ˼𳺣㻹ǵǡűСô


1738 ֮
űУ
Ů۾Ȼһ
ϫЦǷȱʮģֻҪ㹻ĴۣӦÿԴűѼȫˡ
˶٣ȻͿűǷ紫ǰʵˡ
Ů۵㵹صģűлϺ֮ĺͬǰֻҪǶһЩʱ;Ӧò޲㹻ġ
£ϫǰűС

̫λɽУɽλ׹Ǻ˰׹Ǻһ࣬һƬڡǡ֮½ء
űУٰϡ
һнױʢᣬ˷޵ߣϵرĸֱš±СϹ
޵ĵҩ񱦡ġڸֺԶڴѰٵ
ԣֻҪ㸶㹻ļǮ鱦ܰ޵õ
֮󣬳ϫȥݷλ
űУطȷ
֪ϫ⣬һȥһҲ޷¹뿪ɡ
˵⣬ʲôϫԱߵŮ۵ԣɷػһ¯ҩ
ŮĿ⿴ߵĳϫ
ǵһμλĪ̫۹һ۾ͿԷΪɲ⣬ȻԶԶԼ֮ϣʶԷȻ˵Լ䵱ҩͯӡƵĽɫȴΪһ衣
ǣ仰һ¯ҩȻͬСˣҪԼȵ۾أѰɱȣ

ϫ΢Цڡ
Ů۲ӣ֮磬ԶԶϫ֮ϣǴʦѩĹϵŮ۸Ͳغƽཻˡ
ʶԲȥŮǾԽ޴ˡ
裬ǲʹ죬ҵģŮСһжγ²ɣ
ϰЩͷˣ
ϫüɨֻһۣȴλﲢδ˼ؿϰףҲ֪˼ʲô
ұ°ɡ
Ůһ㼴Ӧ
¹뿪
ڷԸһ
ͷһͷ¹é®⣬ѣ

̫⡣
¹ּʯ·ǰУ·ȴǺͳϫǵִʱߵĲͬ
С¹ƬǷѲϹ򣿡
ϰ̲סʳ
Ҽ˿ٵĵ̫ԷֻһС˷֪˵شڡ
ǰĬ¹ȷ˳ϫݣʶʼ˵һЩ⡰̫Է֮
ԭ⡰̫Էλֶͨοٵһ򡱣ԳأϹ򷶳롣
ɽԶλƿأϹеҲǸ޷Ǵ˵ء
Ҫִ˵أֻͨصص
ϫɽϪһ·̫ͨԷص֮һ
֮⣬صִܹ֮ǰЩ̻еӰǴǼصǰڴˡ
ֵһǣλﲻԸ⣬֪صλã˸޷˵ء
óϫ𺳣Ϲ֮⣬ԳǬ⡰򡱾οٳ
ɵСӣʵ֮ȻҲԿԼġ򡯣ң⣬Ժ⡣
ϰһԽ򣬡ǵô֮еôǿҲһӴ֪µĵ򣡡
ϫȻô˵Ϊִ֮Գ֮ˣ
ϰҡͷֻӵܹ֮ˣҪѣҲȡһۡʱӦñ֪˰ɣ
ĻӦǣȡһۻʼȻϰײԸһͷ¹֪Щʶˡ
Ⲣص㣬صϰԣȻǵϫڻһۻʼʱȻһ
óϫһӾף򡱵Ĵڣֻܱ֮ܿĲ̽ĳȻ⡣
ˣһԴԡ췣֮ۡȻܽ٣ҪĨɱһۻʼˡ
ɼˣϫΪֶ֮𺳲ѣ١򡱣֮ܿӵԿܹ֮ͣ쵽һģмˣ
ϫ֪ĵڣҲλç֮ʦѩλ̫ܾӵԼʬΪĩ֮򡱵
̸֮ʣ¹һɽϣƺڣٵɫԡ
ƬƺֱӵִǣǷʱֻ۶һұǰǡ
¹һӨӨ񣬽˳ϫ
ˡ
ϫ֡
ȥɣѿʼ׼۵ǿҪȥٻأĪҪʱ䡣
¹˵
۵
ϰȻг
ϫƳϰһۣȻ󳯰¹˵ͷתƺ֮С

ƺڣ˲佫ϫϰ׵Ӱû

ǣλϺУ˶ޱȣͻգһǳڸǵ޹⡣
ǴڵʷΪƾãֱ׷ݵ̫Ե£Ǵϵ
ЩϿǰ֣ɼݵص޵ߣϹе޵ߡǿԶ
һжΪÿǧٰһεűУѾʱĻ
麽ǡ
һָķ֮ƣһҫ۵飬ããϣŰ˷Ӣ
еűУһоٰ졣
麽ǣΪϵĽֵϣˮӰӺ꣬Ħࡣ
һĺ麽ǧһУһ󲨶ӳֳһεӰǳϫ
ϰף۵ô
ϫֻоһɲǼ䣬ǶתƣããƺһܣʱжϳԶһΡϵǣȻǴĿĵ麽ǡ
ֹ˵һɣɶ˲ģԺǻۣ죬֮գһػã㽫ٶ٣Ϊϲݣ
ϰ٩٩̸çʱڣҲƵҩϧʱʵǳС׽١øٶ˵Ҳˣɴһν֮ضֶ򲻶ϣ̶һʱ䣬аǧ޵ܴǣɵ
˶٣ϰ׿Ȼԭڣ޷ǣһ֮ϲ֮ۡ
ˡ١ϫһ⡰굤֮
λҪƴ˵Ϊ˰Լѹϵġơ֮
һʱ֮䣬ϫҲЩأоЩܲ顣
ôǵǷһ޷飿ߣҿλ֮ôɲһʱѪȻ⣬Ͱİ׼ñ㹻ˡ
ϰб˳ϫһۣ飬ڣʲôɵĵģ
ϰôһƴڻϫľɲ٣̧˿ԶһԡĺɫеĹǣͷ˵ĶԣֻҪܰѣǷһΣ
˵ţٳɣ˫ָⲽʱգ麽ȥ


1739 
麽Ρϣϣڳͷ׶ĿĹ⣬ֱȾλƵɫʡ
Ǳ⣡
֣嫣Ѱ޵߶һۿ˳֮УĿ˵ع屦ܲ
һκ޵߶޷ЩıУжϳԺη
Ȼһֱ˿ŵӶ⡣
ôֱʣöı
δǣϰ׾űе鴫
ϫҲǳѤ⣬вһĨڴλˡ

ʥֻһӤݣ
λҿЩĪ´ؾ޵õֵǷҪġ
ֺţβűУ۱ʵͯŲۣλѲԼһѡҲ١
ѪྦྷƱҶʥ衭ȫֻۣΪԵ󷢲ƣ
һ麽ǣһߺ˷ֵòˡ
ϫ֮䣬Ϊ׷С
ֻǿϵĽֵ࣬ѵ̯λÿһ̯λ϶ĿĸֱѤĿ֮
ˮƵ޵ߴУεΪ׳ۡ
յȷ֡
һɨȥϫע⵽ϰٸԲͬȺ飬ʮΪزĴڣ۾ӰһƳƵģһš
óϫҲ̾űеҲ鴫ʢǰ
ף壡ϰ׾
ԶУһɫεǰУһ޳²Ȼԡ
ͨգ֮˲ע⡣
壬һֺޱȵĹ壬˵ڻУ̥翣սȴǼΪˡ
ҩʦҩƸãҩԶԱˣӵв˼ҩЧ
û뵽徹ţսʱǲδ紫ǰ
ϰ˼ͺȻϫСһҪҪǸ˸ץߣҩʦԺҩ
У͸һζ
£
ϫֻĻһۣǿɲģû֮ǰðһЩ
Щϰ׸Լ鷳ˣϾͿǼ̱֮
٣İɣҿɲˡ
ϰײΪȻ
ϫҡҡͷһŽֵǰУһߴе̯λѰԼҪĿꡣ
źǣЩ̯λϵı࣬Ʒȴ޳ϫҪġ
Ҳ˴ҪЩģһǿ֮Ѱɱȣˣֻ¸سϫжλѽһȫˡ
ʯ׻ʯԪʯѪʯлڤʯϷ̯λֻʯ⼸λϸƣɶϷðžһΣգһħԨٵá
һ̯λǰһɽߺȣ̯λ֮ǰӰ˳ϫע⡣
Ǳ̯λϵĿʯӰ
Ϊһȷ꣬ͫ׳ֲȻıɫ¶ϰӡصͼڴࡣ
ߣһ֦ҶչĻһͷ˫ǣ׵ţͷˣԼһֻж߸ߣ뷢ѩף˫٪ߡ
֧ص޶飬Ȼǳϫǰ̫֮ǰһ֮ԵǼޡ
ûǴǷֱ塢涻塢ţ塢ؿս壬ɽԶǹ֮Ⱥ
׻ʯҪˣ˵ɣ񾧣
ǳȷ꿪ڡ
ǧ
һĨϲɫĵص
ô󣿡
ǽޱȵĻԾŴǺ
׻ʯ֮꣬꺱Ϸȥĵҩǳһ񾧣Ϸ򶼲ˡ
̾Ϣѣһ۵ģ
ȷǶЩԥ׻ʯȷܲǮȴЩԽܡ
ˣϷҪ׻ʯҲΪЩˣǧǰɡ
̾˿
ǿɾͶлˡ
ȷһϲҪ񾧣ɾڴʱһ𡪡
ĵϼһЩصˣ׻ʯϸȷסˣɶеĶĲдƷ
ڵģȻϰףһĵؿߣǲм
ȷһ˶ʱһɫЩѿ
ɽɫһȻŭλѣ㾹ſڴƻƣƻϷ⣬˵˵дˣ˵ȻϷնĲ㣡
ԴǷ߿һԩģ
óȷǽԶһЩɻ󣬸㲻˭ѡ
ףԭǵ㡣Ȼȷϳ˳ϫ
ϫЦЦδ˵ʲô
ӴĲңϼһﻹǲײǽͷ
ϰ׺ȻЦʯͷ׾۴ĥһ飬һһĲֵİҺ͸ð׻ʯֶΣʣˣ㻹óɹƭйҪġ
һӣɽɫ΢΢һ䣬Ѫˣ˵СϷ򲻿ˣ
ʱĶ˸Ŀ⣬Զһֵģֱ޲Ŀϰɱˡ
ϰȴָųȷСһţ츳ɫ桯ȥһʯͷһӾ¶š
Ҳá
ȷ˵ͷ

ɽ߽еϷˣ𣿡
һ仰ױ¶顣
ȷһ˶ʱ׹ĿⲻƵؿߣղδ֡
лָ㡣
ǳϰл
ϰ׵Сؿ
λѣǲ麽ǵĹˡ
ɽɫȻڵڳзԶԸν岻ӣôƻˣ
ϫϰ׻һۣԶһƹأ
ˣǳȷʲô͵һĶͷһѵȷֹأ֮ƷҲֻܹԼܹˡ
˶٣Ǽ©ջﳬֵıҲܺڡ򣬱ҲƻءһƻأͻΪҲӭĶ򻹻𡣡
Сһô˵ⲻǿ𣿡ϰܻµ
ȷʱһΣڨڨ֮ǰҲû뵽
ˣɽߵˣϷҲԸΪѣֻҪóһЩΪߴ̯λϹһЩεð֮١
ϫĿһɨ̯λЩʯͷץһţʯ񾧣
ǧһ񾧣ɽٲȻһԶϫģ鱨Ǯڡ
ѣ񾧻ǳɡȷǸȻڡ
ˣ͵Ǯ˸ѵ
ϫЦЦֶɽһʢһ񾧡
ϫ˺ˬԭΪһֻĻŭŲѵɽ߶ʱһжʱһڣ֪С˷񣬾͸ٺݺһ


1740 
ˣϫʵ
㣡
ɽߵҲǴȵػӻ֣СһסԺҪ˻ɾͲ˰
ϫЦЦٶԡ
أϰ׾ûй룬ĿԴֵؿɽߣƲмֻ
ɽ߻һڣһЩ
λѣǿʯܷ¿һ
ڴʱȻһ𣬰һ
˺ܲ
ϫײС
ͦ㣬ںڳ磬Ө𪣬沿Ƿâ縫䵶̰㣬Ӣ֮һڣųҹһ־סԶȻζ
޶پƣƽƽ򵥵һִζ
ںߣһؾεŮಽԱߣбһĳ߹ӽϻ
Ƕ˸һִӵĿϫǷһĨ紺΢Ц
Χղ֪䣬þӵƬض̴ŵס
ף
ϰһУҲǾһ첻ԡ
ԡ
ϫҲЦЦְһʯ˹ȥ
лˡ
ӽУϸƬ̣Ȼʵѣɷ񽫴ʯתø£
˶һֻ´ʯЩͬѰˡ
ɽߣɵشųϫǺӣȷʲôһ㡣
ǺǽʯһٵãƷ̸ϾˣֻͨϸȷϣҲֻܶһǧ񾧰ˡ
֮ǰϫҪһ񾧣ǽ׿ͣɴʱĿһĻȴסһѵԼˣһʯл飿
ԣϫҲЦѺҪȥ
˵һгһʯ
ʹ졣
ˬһЦóһݹȥõѰæ񾧣Цɡ

һӴסһֵŲǧ񾧵ĽʯƬ̹򣬾۳񾧵ۣ
ĿãǲͲҲԼ۾ˡ
ɽߵӸǾòĿ࣬ôѵ˲ɣ
оҷƽ
Щˡ
ϫ
࣬ɲһĽʯǡ
ӻĪЦЦתȥ
ˣΧ˽סըȻѣڸȷһʯȻŲͬѰ֮ˡ
һǺ
ǺȥıӰϫ˼֮ǰϰ״һʯŲҺ裬ȴؼʶ˳־ͽ
˭룬ӾҲǱϳʯֵڡ
ԳϫԣʯϡҲã˳ˮۣתָǺӣƬ֮䣬ƾն׬񾧣Ҳһջˡ
ѣû뵽˾׼ʵ塣
ǳȷһ˶˫۷ؿųϫѡ
©ѡ
ϫЦЦ
ѣ֪ܷһ̸
ǳȷһȻڣԴϣؿųϫ
Ҳá
ϫ룬㼴ˬӦҲҸ˴̽һйűеƾԼϹҲ֪²ܴġ
£һ˽ȥ
ΨһλɽߴԭأᣬӶˣû뵽Լմ㣬շ۾

ķֵϣӺؾŮС
ӣһʯĺܲô
Ů̲סʵ
һʯҪǿһЩ̸϶ັ
˵һ䣬Ͱһʯ׸Ů͸ˣҲûá
Դ赭дƻȻں㡣
ŮӣȻûãΪҪ߼
Ӷ㣬ĬƬ̣ǵ̰ӢϷһĨζЦݣ˼㲻˺Ȥô
Ȥ
ŮȻ޷⡣
ȴǲٶ͡
λѣǿļ̯λеƷɽԶѵһƷѰѵһѡһ
Աһ̯λ㣬ʱ
ĿһƳ̯λ㼴ҡҡͷһҲ̸Ʒƶ߰ɡ
˵ţŮֱȥ
ɫһһףŭ̫أСӣе
ҹ
Լ֣ԶƮǺӺŮһʧãã˺С
ҹĸҶҹ
Цһﻹðҹλ콾ҲԼʲôģڵ˰湻ģ
УȴĪظоһ˿ףͺԼղŴʲôһ
ӦòᣬҹǷ֮һĴڣǰӸƾ֮ˡҹڿգֻ֡ڵ֣

ү洫Ϣȥ˵Ѵ̽йءŵء
麽ǣһֺĽУӷأһߵǰ
ŶϢˣ
̾ϢŸո뿪죬û湻Ҫȥʵɨˡ
үڴˣŵزŸֵע
ߵͷ
ˣȥ׼ͷء
ӻ˻֣Щɺ

߹˹֣Ҵȥûãʻһɫ
ϫϫòһΣȴʹ˴ˡ
̾˿ҡҡͷߵؾŮһһ

ƿգȻȥûκζ

ͬʱ麽ǡһ¥С
ϫϯض棬ǳȷһˡ
·ϳϫѾĳȷƴϣ涻Ļйõգƴϵĵ¡
ţţͷ˺Եؿս٪ߣֱţͻ
ڳϫԳгѰδ͸©˵ٴҲ˱¶ˡ
ѰѣʵҵЩ麽еҲ˲ٺñȴм޷α˴ǰҲϣܹѻۣҵȼһ
ѹ󣬳ȷƴֱ˵ĿģѷģҵȲæġ
ϫЩЦãû뵽ԷԼ˼ʦ
ҪίܾϰѽеϻôѱóҸǼ顣
ϫƳֻŵһۣȴٺһЦȻ⣬һûûƤģ
óϫһͷۣȻδǰǺǻˡ
ǿɾлλˡ
ƴǽԶһϲûгɣóܷУڰϣһһ򿪡
ʱ֮䣬һͷױҶɷǲ
ϸȥ֮УֱһͭӣһɫȺһöɫͭ顣


1741 ֮
ҲϫֻоЩЩçײˡ
˴ֻǵڶμѣԷԼǼĻֻ֮·ǽǿ᲻ɡ
д˿ɼƴ㣬ֻǶûն֮£ԵЩڴˡ
ϫҲö˵ʲô⡰Ϊʦ˲졣
λ뿴һ߽ӣһϽ׾Ʒǳԡͼ塯֣֮֮Զ֮ɱ
ƴָǵһеͭ˵˷ܣ˵ҵȽʮ񾧣Ҹоȴﳬֵ֪λο
˵ţҲĿ˳ϫϰס
ϫȴֱӰĿ⿴ϰףܿͭӵȴҪķʱȥ罻ֻʡҲʡ
Ʒ
ϰﲻݣһھֱ߽Ʒƴϵ޽Զɫһ͡
ѸòǿЦɣҵ֮ǰһһĿԲȷܲ
ƴǿЦ
޷׷׵ͷ͡
ǣǼȻȷΪλҪ
ϰƳһۣŵֱ˵˰ɣ˱ȷҲȷϽ׾Ʒıȴʵޣǰ
Լã
ƴ̲סʵЩвʡ
׳գ˵زˣСһѵû׹
ϰߵν߽ӣǡͼ塯洫һֱ֮ʱ񡢱ġѪ𡭡ֺΪģ֮С
߽ӣʱõͬģȴȱ֮ͺñû꣬ľûԣǿ
㲻ţԲһⱦɱ֮ǺŪ˵⣬˵ʮ񾧣ʮ񾧣Ҳϡ
ϣƴϵɫЩ䣬ȷϰ׵жϡ
ϼһȻˣдƷƭǣ
ƴҧһǻȥĶʮ񾧣ҪȴֱƭС
ҪҪȥϻ쵰ˣ
һԵţţɱڵ
ˣԹ˭ֻ׾ñ˿ƭ
ƴ̾˿麽еĹأҲֻϵù
ѣٵأǷƷҵµıʱвͬһأձʮˡ
涻ĹõտڣŴ
һԩͷ
ϰ׶ٿһۣǰ̫ᣬһиˣǱٵȣǱٵӰȣ
ϫһ̧̾ۿȥȻͷ֣ƴϵɫһ̣ѿ֮
ƣֻһ֮ɱȴر˵ٵ䣬ٵӰȾͭ
ƴȻףʶһ뵽Լʮ񾧣Ȼ˼ͭŭֱ޲طȥ
һʱЩơ
ϰȴ˼˿ΣٺЦڵ̷湻ģ˵㼿ܰǵϹδҲ̫׳˰ɣ
ϫɫԽԽѿϰһۣʿɶֹ
Ҳʵʵ˵´ٱˣνһǵһǣҲˡ
ϰһɸֵģпѡ
ƴ߷æһתƻǡٿΣ
⻹ÿƾǵֱͣ˿ˡϰ˵ţȻ۾һһ
һչϣϸǵеİɫͭ飬硣
Щ޼ˣʱһ
ϫҲȥֻ鰵ɫͭԼĪƴС氼͹ƽһƵɫ⼣òΪۣһͭƵġ
ϸȴܷ֣ӿһɻɬı֮һֺ纣׵İо
Ǻ
ϫʵ
һֵڻеģΪ̫ͭʱֻһ㣬񱦵ܴ̫֮߱
ƴϵҵȺķѾãƷҲֵˡ
һ̣ԴԵúأֻϣƷǾ㹻ˡ
ԡ
ãϰ׺Ȼڣ֣ƴϵľɫҲЩļ
ƷҲЩ˷ѵľ񾧣ϣûˣһȥǱЦɣ
ⲻ̫ͭ
ϰѿһУ֮䡣
һ仰ƴϵ׻ɫδ̫ˡ
ȴֵ̫ͭ󣬳ĴЩСһڼһ˲ı
ϰһ仰ƴϵ˽ԶסЩǲϷŪԼ
⡭ģ
ƴϲ
Ҳؿϰס
ϫҲ⣬˵ʵûʲôر֮
Ȼģʲôʱ׽Ūǣ
ϰ׺ǲõ
ǡ⾿Ǻεȱ
ƴǿмʵ
ûȻǻ׻ͭɡ
ϰ̽צӣһ鰵ɫͭ飬͵һֻһͭһ⼣飬絰Ǳơ
һɲǼ䣬һĨҫޱȵĻӿ¡¡䣬ʢ˼¡
˻
ƴϵ˵һܵһϢĸо
ϫҲסһУſͭģǴ䣬ͨӨӨӲӣһֻĲɣ⣬â棬ɢҫ۵ơ
һۣóϫһ۾ʹĸо
ȷѰɱȣ
ϫһӾжϳĿͷųжϣҲǿƾ
׻ͭҼˣⱦڻУӵסִԴǿ֮һһ鱦Ҫ󣡡
Եؿս٪߻ʧ
ƴϵҲǼ֮۾һͭ飬ڲڡ
ڼ񵽱˰
Ͻɣ̫ʢʱһãֻ»ˡ
ϰԴĽƳһۣǸпһȺˣ©һ䱦ȷκۺ졣
ԣƴγƵģһѽиסȻýСķһ飬ųһһ㡣
Ҳˣ֮ǰеƺͷŭһ̶һɨգ޾ϲ档
ϫΪǸ˲ѣĵļֵ֮󣬾Ȼһ鱦⵹Ҳû뵽ġ
˴ҵܹұϴ˱˵ѻʮ񾧣λ¡
ƴϺȻһóһƵ˳ϫߡ
ֻǾ֮Ͷѣǻջȥɡ
ϫЦžܾ
ȷǿɲҪ񾧡
ϰζЦЦ
ƴϵһϰǻĪı飬нԶһɫЩ΢΢ˡ
գʱЩ


1742 ̥
ʮ񾧣һʲСĿ
ϫȴҲûͶȻܾˣƴǶԣ͸оЩͻأˡ
ڿϰһĪģҲһݣԼЩľĸо
һòҪȾָ⡰׻ͭɣ
һ뵽⣬ĿнԶһĨ裬нթ⣬ɱ˶ᱦ鷢̫ˣ£Ҳɲǲ衣
ϫεһ۾Ϳƴϵ˵˼סҡͷЦǴɲ˽ţĳޣҲʮˡ
˵գ㳤𣬵ĳҪ£λǡ
ǺǣЩСһȷ̫Щ˼ɵͷˣЩˡ
ϰһЦѡ
ƴһԼЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
æסϫѰ
ϫˣ֮ĲޣĲû
һ£ҲڨڨѣЩ޴롣
ʵǻ̫ǳı֮ϲֵܱۣ벻㣬һϣ˺ױܿǵ˼
ѣˣԵƬ̡
ƴһ˵ʱԸޣλóʲôǷλҪģҲһ⣬λѰװæˡ
жϳϫȷֲ񾧵
ƴһ˵ϫȤδֱ뿪
£ƴǸóһЩ䣬޵һЩֵƵƷʽܶ࣬á
ȻҲ̸϶ء
ѣ㿴ɣǿУȥǧҵ֮ǰľٶЩףҲ㲹ǵ⡣
ƴ˵
ϫĿһɨʹ¿вԼҪģвһʧʹһƷƴǲ˶
ɾڴʱϰ׺ȻڣָһҶ״ӤƴСͨεƷ˵ʲô
ǱҶʱϣħϵá
涻Ĺõæڽһ䣬ϲȥ
ϰЦⲻҪˡ
˵ţһצӾȡ
ϫˣƳϰһۣȻƴϵޱȭˣҲøˡ
ƴϵ޻ҪȴǱϫЦžܾ

ֱ߳¥ǷֵϣϫʵϰףǱҶ
ϰѾͺܾãһ̲סЦɵѾͷ֪ⱦ
˵˷ܵôЦǸģһָָ㡣
ϫæӿŲüǺ˳ӣ
ǵãڼǡ׻ͭʱϰ׶û˸ˣѵﻹܱȡ׻ͭͷ
ϰһĴһۣѹµĲɱǻ׻ͭˣ
˵ţѴ
ԭһƬҶ״ıʵС̥ڻ֮е֮
ϫͷһ֣ɻ⾿кã
ϰԵ⣬Զʱɫһͣһʹļ׵ģϫϫѵ̥û˵湻ªŵģ
˶٣ɿ촫Ӧ鱦Ǵӻɣ
ϫһ˵ͷ
ϰ˷ܵⱦǱ鱦ܹһ񱦣鱦
ʲô
ϫʧģδ̫˼飬˭Ͼ
֪ÿһ鱦ԶǴӻ籾Դ˻һһƾ޵ߵֶΣ޷ƳʶԵüΪͺ
̥ܹΪһ鱦֪кε֮ˡ
ٺٺ٣ôңСĻϻԵ
ϰ׵Цǽ㲻һôǡԽ˻ᣬ̥Ժ󡭡ֶһ鱦
ϫҲ޷ƽջ̫󣬳ȫû뵽ֻǺһȺ޽˶ݵĽӴͻһ
ֱãŻָ侲Уռı̫ҵòһЩǷվʳӰҵС
˵ţתԭ·ء
ô
ϰһ׳յģ
ıһرģ̥ҪҲգ
ϫɫóĿᶨʱһƬͨ͸ľΪһ˿
ᶨͷô۶ԴԵԼģ㹻ˡ
㲹ʲôҪ֪̥ļֵǱ鱦Ķࡣ
ϰʵõǴݱ
ϫ˶٣ĬƬ̣˵һƷԴ
ϰһɫȻøӣӳϫãǰĻëпȻûпˡ
˵⣬Щ˸У̫֮Ҳ̫Ӫȡ֮ͽգȴΪջ̰ɱԼĵģδ̤ռ֮;
˵ĲЩľִŲҪģгһ̤ۣ֣֮ᷢ飬бվֲĴɡڣ
ǳȻ֮أ
ϫȻû뵽ϰ׾ΪԼһ˸п
ĬĬ׽һϰ׵ĻΪȻ

ʵϫƴϵ޵ĸйۺܲ
أܹۣ߳Ƿǹۣ֪ͼֱЩĺѪ޵ǿ̫ˡ
ףѰôˣ
һ¥⣬ϫϰȥƴϵ˲Ȼ
Ҫ뿪ô
ϫһۡ
˼ȥջѾˣʶǰС
ƴϵͷ
£ҵһ⣬뿪麽֮ٴҲ٣ⱻ˿ŵˡ
ϫһвźۼ˹ȥȻ·ҪСģֱӷ壬Ͼϵı̫أǽһЩΪá
ƴϵ˶ЩȻ㲻ϫΪ̬ȴ䣬֮á
㲻лǺܸжģҲǿǵȫ⣬ʶžǰ뿪˵ء
лˣѰѡ
ƴϵޱȭ
ȥɡ
ϫЦЦתȥܿʧãã˺С
λѰ˺֮ܲʱһҪͣҲ϶ܻӭġ
ųϫ뿪ıӰƴϽסп
Ҳ׷׵ͷ
ûٶתһ뿪
ûãɳ麽ǣִﵽǿС
ף
ƴվûסѰһƧ򣬴˳ϫһУڱʱʱ׻
޼ˣסǰһ̣Ҳһ¶֮ɫ
ȻһƷԴ
һʱ֮䣬ȫоþ޷ƽ


1743 ױ
麽ǣױ
һʮźžҡ
ӣ۵ļǧ߰񾧣Ŀ
Ǯ̬ȳɫ˫һϸĽ嵥ݸ˶λˡ
Ǯױеϯʦ֮һһ壬ۣܱϳظļֵ
ˣһϮ忡ʵȻǳϫ
Ǳƴϵ֮㾶ֱױЯһЩ䡢Ķۡ
ЩģЩռ񾳣ЩѺ󣬹ʶҲоϧ
ȻһЩĹ屦ϫɲʹۡ
ϰףڵֻ£ֱӱϫʱС
лˡ
ϫĿɨһ齻嵥㼴˵ͷ
ϱÿһյĽ׼۸񣬻㹫ֻΪֱӺױнףʶһʲƵĽ׷ѣܵ㣬ϫֻ㲻Կ
ӣʲôô
Ǯϫ⣬ҲǰһϵЦȳһλͻ
óһģ޲ƷеƷֵ֮Ǯ
յǧ߰ļ۸Уܿһ˿ߡ
ǧ߰񾧰ʮϽ׾Ʒˣ˺õĻܶһһ鱦
ˣȥ۱
ϫҡͷϵȷвģЩɶϡ֮Բóˡ
۱
Ǯ۾һ鲻ӣҪͬǰ
Ҳá
ϫƬ̣˵ͷ㳤𣬳ȥ
ǮˣҲæಽϡ
һλϯʦ˹ȳɼϫ֮ǰֱʣεȵ𺳺;ϲ
ǻѰˣֻ¸ܲȴˡ

麽еױһֹϺϹҲǺպ
ǣű麽оٰ֮ױٲȻΪ˸޵߱ĳ
ױз˶һ۱ÿһ򣬶һķУС
ͺñ۱񱦡ġҩܡ䡢챦ȵ࣬廨š
ÿһձλƷĲַͬ˲ͬ㲻ͬߵĸ
Ǯָ£ϫֱ۱ķǰ
һֺĴһĻдµٲӨӨ
ÿһĻϣԶŲͬ֡Ʒࡢ۸ֻҪУͿߣ乺򣬺Ƿ㡣
ϫǮִʱǾ£˲Ӱ޵ߣҲԸȺе飬Ϊ֡
һ֮£ϫͷ֣ЩӰԶ֮ϢǿݽԶ
麽ǽֵϰõĸ̯λȣҪ߳һΣ뱣֤򵽼ٻˡ
ӣ֪ҪεƷģ
Ǯʵ
ȽϺġ
ϫһʱҲ޷ݣƬֲ̺Ŷǿ֮ǵȼ𡣡
֮
Ǯкݺһ𣬴ͻǴͻ
۾ȻЦȳһ˿ĵζæųϫ˴
ֻһĻĻǰֻ߰˵Ӱڴ㡣
ȻĻ֮ϵıǼ۸̫ôвȴʽ
ӣг۵ģֻһСױд󲿷ֶѡ
ǮһԵͣЩѽԶǰѱĴڴˣ۸ױнףǿһֻ㹻񾧣ױԻȡġ
ϫ˵ͷʾס
ֳһӿǹĻС
һ˲ѣһĵ֡Ʒࡢ۸糱ˮһ㣬ӿϫԺС
ȷǮԣЩһǺ屦ƿ֮ĿǾˣ벻ǧ֮࣡
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫ۾һĨȻ
ӢҺ衣
Ƶɢ
ࡣ
Դ
ſھͱһ֡
Ǯһ͵һĿȵѣҪģ
˵ʱзɿһ飬ӢҺ裬ۼʮ񾧣۳ԼԳȡǧ񾧵ıꡣ
Ƶɢۼ۶ʮ񾧣ճɱҲԼһǧ߰ٿ񾧡
ࡢԴ
˻
һǮסеһģýǧ񾧣
ɸϵױһµˣ

ϫҡҡͷ
һ֣ǮɫȻ̣类˴ͷһˮ
ֹ֣кܶ࣬ҼǺˡ
ϫһ仰ȴǮǳȵ׵ĺݺһ鴤һɤۣ֮£ԴЩ£ɫƵЩǺ죬ڲ
ôˣ
ϫƳһۣЩɻ
ûʲôûʲôѻԸ
Ǯæ֣ȴˣڰ˵һ˵𣿲֪Ͼ
Σһ̵ǮܵġġѪŵģһŬԼ侲侲侲
ڴʱϫҲ죬ɿ챨һĵ֡
ʮ֡
ʮ֡
ʮ֡
ʮ֡

ǮԭŬؼסĵ֣ȻһԼܴлȡٵɡ
ɵ˺ѹ˲㣬ųϫԽԽ࣬ɫЩľֱ£ֱ޲ñסϫĤһ
Լײ˰
Ǻ𣿡
ʱ򣬳ϫͣĿ⿴Ǯ
һ̵Ǯǳ侲ϫһһ¼УȻӣ£ʮģֵܼơ
ɿһ飬ʱסҲЩΣܼǧʮ񾧣
ϫ˵ͷڵ֮ǰǶһǧ߰𣬾ʹ߿۳ɡ
ʮģԶҪģϧȫɲʮġ
ϫѾˣóԼõģһһ񾧣񾧹ôԼҪģȷܻ
Ǯԣɾ̫߱ˣϫʱɣͷһʺơ
񣬳ϫһôģһʺƣǾ޶ֱǮЩΰ㲻ʵĸо
Ͻȥɣ𵢸ʱ䣬ˡ
Ǯ﷢㶣ϫסһ䡣
Եȣȥ
ǮһѹæתҴҶȥ
λѺôֱʣ֪ܷһ˵
Ǯ뿪ԱߺȻһߣݣӥ
Ϣ֮ɢһλǿߣΪԲ
ˣлֱԡ
ϫһݣԼ֮ǰĵĶע⡣
ױдҽأϫҲĶԷڴͼıˡ


1744 Ѫ
ϫĻشֱӣҲܲ΢΢һУû뵽СһﾹҾܾԼ
󵨣ôҼ˵ģ
һ˳ǳϫ
ϫ̧һƳͿ˲ΪЩȣСӿ湻ŵģԼҲҺǳ⡣
˼ƳһۣаһһֻʶŸš
ԳϫԣȥȶԷʲôũЩӵɱұ롢ϹУĻһвˡ
ҡҡͷϫתȥû˼Ǽƽϡ
㡭վס
һŭеоˡ
ϫֹƳһۣǷһĨĻȣδȻתȥ
һȴȻһɫӲղһɲǣ궼ڼ¶ܵһɱ罣ʺֻҪԷԭһͷɱԼһ㡣
˴ס亹罬ʪ
ͣ
أһ羪Ƶ쳹ϣ׽˾ѹγƵģɫһȻ棬ղš
ݵ߼ˣ۾ߵЩ̫ˣڣٲɡ
˻һ£Сô
ޱһλ񾳴ڣܹģ
ɫ첻ԣȥٿ˳ϫټ
ߣһȥЩʦʦܸһƱˣ
ݵУһĨɭȻһ̣ƮȻȥ


۱ĲִͬͬһͬһĻ
ΨһĲͬǣǹĻϸֵģԶһݣ޲޵ġ񱦡䡢ҩȵȱ
˿̣ϫУ˫ָʱǹĻϵݡ
ȻǣһҪǧ񾧹һ鱦
Ȼ֮ҲûܴԸˣʶ󣬲δעޡ
ӣԭ
ûãǮ˹һظģ
ˣ
ϫŤͷʵ
Ѿף֮ȡģ⣬ʣ񾧣ܼʮ顣
˵ţǮһ˹ȥ
ϫֽӹʲôȻһ⣬ûһһӰ
Ȼ֮ǰݵߣͱˡ
ϵˣϫʵ
Ǯ̧ۿȥͫһɫ΢΢һ䡣
˿ܣ˹עѹɤӴӣǺͶԷг𣿡
ϫü˻
Ǯɿˣ»ϵãѪȴһ۾ϳԹϵġʬѪ塯ǡҹǵˡңˣлѪͽ
ʬѪ壬һּΪаȺҲϵȺ֮һȺնʬ֤ѪУ鼫Ϊ
̫ʱһλԷΪʬѪʡĴߣһҹ֮ɵһľѪȻɹһ̤֮λ£Ϲ䶯
λʬѪɱ¾̫࣬ߣձΧ
ʬѪ壬Ҳʱ㱻壬乶Ӳдȴû䡣
ֱϹûʬѪĵλһ˵ʬѪĺ֣Ϊ޵ߵĹУν֮һ㡣
һд˵ϫҲŹʶЩ⣬û뵽ԼѪһʵʬѪ塣
ҹǵʲô
ϫʵ
һݺŰϺϵеĵԴǿɱ޵ߵĲΪЩ겻֪˶ŭԹ飬ν죬ĺ
Ǯɿͣ͸һĨʹޣҲһ˿ΣϧЩ޶ļһһȥ٣ʵΪǿҲһһ̽ƻҲûнȫ𡣡
ϫԣ۾ԭһȺɱӵĵˣпйǵľϣ
ǮҡͷԳֻһʦѣҪµǿ԰æ̽Ѽһ
ϫͷǿɾͰˡ
ǮЦ̫ˡ

ϫЦЦתƻ⣬ָǹĻ˵ҲһЩ֪ʲô
Ǯʱһ֪׬ȡ񾧵Ļˡ
ӣչأֻһ񾧣Խ˹Ļǡ
Ǯһ顣
ϫ룬ЩûѼʮһһ֮Ǯæ
ӣЩĵļֵЩ߰Ǯ𾪵
Ǽʦܱϳϫʮģһǿع屦һЩҲֵϣ
лһЩĸܹģΪϼ򲻵
ϫȻ㣬ʣʮģҪԵøˣҲѰˡ
ģֻҪԸһǸһЩļǮҲʲô⡣
ϫЦЦ
Ǯͷһ﹫ӽϢȥġ
ϫһ⣬ͰעҪ񾧣ҲԶһƷƷԴ
ʲô
Ǯкݺһ𣬾ǽסʧøĿⶼ׷׿
ǮæһŬԼ򶨣ϫĿȴһĨ졣
ƷϵԴ
Ϲ򶼿ƾ䱦ĴڣҲֻЩУӵܹƷԴ֮أǣû˻ȱóˣ
ʷϣÿһƷϵԴһβĪ䶯޵
񣬳ϫ䱦ͣҪһһЩģǮΪԼˡ
ɣһһˡ
ϫһǮתȥҪԲѾȫ
Ǯ㶵ͷδгѹ
ֱãųһ૵Ƿųȥֻűж䶯аɣʱֻ¡
ǮȥˣҴת뿪ҪȥױˣϾ¸ϵ̫شһʦû취ϡ

麽ǣһ츣УϫһǧһĴۣ˶
еĻֻǰһˡ
ϫϥأ˼֮ǰѾƴЩ޿д̽йűеϢ
νűУˡС͡С
Уָ麽ǽֵϡСױڡȵṩ׵
Уλ麽еһҪУڶѰٲ
ң밵еʱ򣬻һΪ뿪ʱ˻
޵ȴҲˣǰԵĪ⡣
ӹɣűСĺڣֻҪǮԶܴлԼı


1745 
ԣϫֻʮģ԰еѼȫ
ѾɹԶΨֻгϫʣµʮģǼֵϡ̶ȣԶܹס
еһꡰ񡱶ԣҪʮϵģҴڴУѾϹкܾöûйشϢ
ǡľϫ֮ǰǶδ˵֣ϰƶϣϸԪӵеһġ
ʣʮģ֮⡰񡱺͡ľҲ
£Ҫȫ޵֪кεȼѡ
ҲǻֿǣϫŻóԴȹ屦޵ע⡣
ΪľǾ콫һжˡ
Ȼô޷ɹǳϫҲֻȥűеİˡ

˼ãϫҡҡͷԺȡһУСĴ򿪡
УʢһöҶ״ӤƴСͨεƷ
ϰ׿еġ̥
У˱ܹһ鱦Կ֮
һ̣ϫסҲһʼϸ˱
ҶӨ䣬ӡƣصͼڣۣ֮ӯһءϵζ
̽ͻ֣ᷢԼĪӤƴСҶӣƱԨ䣬ԳһƬ磬֮
ϫֳһ̽Ѱã޷̽ҶڲıԵ
һԼϰΪλϲˣƾһ㣬ͷɱȡ
ֱʱ
ϫһȻͣ٣һƬ硢ĺ
Ǻˮˮ͸ɾֳӨɫڳһλƵĻ

ϫкݺһһ׻һɲǼ飬һƬҲȻ飬ʧ
һУָϫеġ̥һƬܹѽΪ鱦кεǿ󣿡
ϰף˱μ
ϫϰٻ˳ɿʵ
ߣ
ϰһﲻһܲģ
ϫֻڹԼǰױʱ
Ҳ֪
ϫ̾˿ˣԼɣ治нȥ̽һ
ûã
ϰбһۣǲм
ϫЦЦóҪḁ̇̄С
ˣϰ̲סеס֣ܼ⣬ѵ̥ɣ
ϫʼ磺˾ͻˣҲ߸μ
ϫһԶԼģϰײСӣ㡭ֱˣ
ϫæЦˣҲǼʶ̫ôǰ㲩֪ͨ
źۼһƨ
ϰ׾ͳһףŭԻߵֹǼʶ٣ֱǹªţ
˵ţһ̧ͷ­Ȼ˽̥ģҸҳƵڶ˸ҳƵһ뵱ꡭ
ϰԴϫǿûд֡
ֱãƺоˣϰʩʩȻƳ˳ϫһۣˣҽᴫһ˸طԴ˸̥ʮ֮ڣӵһԼ
ʮꣿ
ϫȻ
ߣС֪ɣҵطǺķ꣬Ҳ޷ȡκνչ
ϰײмƳ˳ϫһۣȻⲢص㣬صôط鱦ȫͬΪ죬ʹָ磬ӳǿ
ϫɫ
ϰԣΪȻ֪鱦ǴӻĪ⣬ÿһ鱦߱ܽԲͬ
ıܹ׽ˣ䱦ͭǮųƿ価һк񱦡
Ȼ鱦ԶպսУȴ޷񽣹ǰ㣬ַӳΪ
ʵֹǳϫӵ鱦޵ߣͬҲ⡣
Ǿ鱦Ϊǿ󣬿ȴΪԼĵ;ƥ䣬ʶѽǵ׷ӳ
ӵһȫʺԼ鱦һж⡣
ϧҪ쵽һޱȼѣһжΪ鱦Ŀʵ̫٣ʶù޵ѡĻҲٵĿ
£̥ͨһȫʺԼ鱦ʹκ޵߶Ϊ֮ۺѡ

ܿ죬ϰױ㽫طڸ˳ϫ
ѪΪ̥Ϊ¯
ϫЩϰڵطһְѪѪǵطΪϫδţδ

ϰ׶ýˣֱӵⷨŴçħһ㽲ҹҲͲ꣬㻹ǸϽȡжɡ
ϫƬ̣㼴˵ͷ
ϰȻë϶¿ӺԼӹɵġ
ϫһʼϰ׵ָ㣬ŰѪ֮
Ƭ̣ȫȼѪƵĺ쳹һ츣֮ڡ
ֱѪԽԽʢһѪ̣ӳϫֱܹѪ֮оֳһԶħΰӰʥȻǡ
ףû뵽СӾӵʵѵǰҲħ巨ţ
ĿһĻһԵϰҲЩû뵽ϫôš
ɲ֪ʱϫԡ¾֮壬ڤ֮ǽԯ洫ġţһӵǻۡ־ĵڶ
ΪҪտеʾɣǵڶֻҲͻ񾳣Ϲˡ
Ҳãٶȣ֮󣬱Կʼ̥ˡ
ϸ֪ųϫѪı仯ϰײͷ˼

ͬʱױ
Ҳֻܵȴпˡ
һīɫͷڣɷǵ̾һЩεؿ˵
游ûϵģϻԵĿٵ
Աһ˽˶꣬ŨüۣǷһȻɵɽһֺءȡʵĸо
Сӣοˡ
ȻʧЦˣȥһûУ׼׼ȥаɡ
ţһġ
ٺһЦǺӡ
£һһٱ㳯ȥ
ϣ
󣬻һߣʮˣÿһȻӵΪ
ǴʱȴǹɫޱȣಽںߣһȺӣڸŵۻ
Ⱥݣ;ʱױЩˣһĿɿڴٻȻ
ԭֵգҲǱüžѻȸ
˶ڰд⣬һһپǺηʥӵôƣʮλ񹧾ź󣬿ҲֻϺӵɣ
죡۾
ͻأأһ˴гŵգԵ̶
һɲǣ𶯣ѣߵݡ
۾
һ˸£Ϲжĸɫʵľ
йĴţֱǶ಻ʤڳʱ꣬뵽ױУĿ۾ݣ
Ͼȴǿʵ̫ңԶˡ
ৣ
Ǹ۾󷽵һȺǿУȻһĿɨղſڵ޵ߣ˻һ£ľս
ٷӦʱ۾һԶȥ


1746 Ȼ
۾һڵ۾жԶĴڡ
д˵ǵ۾֮һֻѿ֮Уʵɲ⡣
һȴ麽ױУʲô
˶ں档
ϧ۾ƣȴ˸Ҹȥһ̽

ҲǱеĹģҪ󡣡
УʺɽܣҲ֮̾ɫ
ܿ죬ȻʧЦָһĻ˵游˷ͣҪһ鱦Ǽһֱ̫쿪ˡ
һϮī̳䲩ͷڵ۾ΪȻЦЦȳ֮Ǽֲ֡
ף
ܿ죬־ȳ
ʲôһһէġ
۾üоԼ黹ǲȣԺٺúĥĥ
ǣ游
ɫָ֣һĻȻ˷ͣҪƷƷĵһһЩģ
ţ
۾һݣ̧ȥһʱҲЩš
һ̣ЦȻû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
λµĴ۾˿̾Щ
һȴǺ۾顣
Щ۾˼ԾϣҲǴ˿ԱߵǸꡣ
ϧԾ츳ȻȴѳƵǳڣ۾ѪʵŲڷеĵʮλ
ҹũǰĸ콾Ҫ̫ˡ
ڲǰԾԲزҪͻ֮ȴΨֻһƷϼѵԴ
۾ԣԲƷµĵУҲǣЩѼãûܻһʺԼԾĵ
ֱͿΪ۾һĲ
ԣ˴βŻ򾳣ԾǰűУҪѰһϼѵԴ
۾ʧǣڴѰ˶죬Ҳһ
۾ᣬԭȰпȥһأû룬·ת֮£ױĿһͣܲˣ
һ۾£ȴΪѰһѣģд˱֪ƷϼѵԴкε֮ˡ
游⡭òмٰɣ
ԾȴЩɣ޷Դȹ屦óֱ֣ǲ
Ӧòм١
۾һӿؼ䣬磬ܻ࣬ˣ㿴ϵݣҪһЩ֮һЩĿһǿѷ֮屦
Ծüȷǡ
ڡ
۾˻֡
ڡ
һǰڡ
ȥױĹ£ҪһˣƷʧˣ
۾Ȼڣ͸һɴǡ
Ҫʮģǡһ֣ȻǷԷȴԸ֮ţԷȻ޷ܾˡ

ӴҴҶȥ

ʲôƷƷԴ
Բм٣Ҫ֪۾ɶˣ
죡촫Ϣ壡
죬Ϣ湻˵ģУþ֮ƽ̣۸ʲôۣҲҪˣ
̶̲һʱ䣬йױгԴϢ˳һ㣬һ־˵ٶѸɢ麽ǣǻȻ޵Ϊ֮
麽ǣΪűеĹϵ˷޵ߡ飬ֹϺģҲвǰϢһƵģʱȻ󲨡
һʱ֮䣬ӰԶӵױҪһ̽Ϊ󲻵òɳά򣬷ű¶˲
Ϣʼ麽ǣɢϺ򣬲һϺĵطɢš
죬ΪϢٴ޵ߴϺ
ܻ𱬣ġ
ֻϫ޷һлΪԼһ


츣С
˿̵ĳϫϥѪ۽Х֮
ǰҶ״̥գӨӨ⣬һɹɴϵ
͸ɾӨӨλƵģɷ
ϸȥ˿̵̥֮Уȴһһ֣
ϫڶѪ̥֮УΪһںϣһһ
һԵϰ׼ˣ׳һ૵ûãɹˣʣµľͿʱȥˡ
Ҳڴʱϫ۾ſһϼ̥ڡ
κ󣬳ϫȵѪҲ֮һжָƽ

ϫҲ˿ǷһĨϲɫ̲ס˸ϰףлˡ
ߣһⶼûС
ϰƳһۣǲϫɢ̬ȡ
Ƚ׻Ϊ鱦һ죬ٸлҲ١ϫЦЦ
ʣ
ϰֹһ䣬ѵڼ䣬ĪҪԶãй
ϫ˵ͷ˼Ҫʮ֮ãһ׼һֵĽС
˵⣬͵ԼǮԼޣҪǰױȡ͹ֵһġ
ߣȥױ
ϫҲ뿴һ˽һû
Ҿ㣬οɲٰˣ
ϰɫ࣬ݺݾ棬Ȼûϴε
ֻҪ㲻£ȫԡ
ϫЦЦ
ϰ㣬˶򣬺ͳϫһ߳˶
ӣˡ
óϫǣһ߳ͿױļʦǮһĽƣԼʱ¶ظĻϲģ
ôˣǳʲô״ˣ
ϫü֮ǰĵַ֮Ǯһʲôʣ֪ͨԼ
ûУûС
Ǯæ֣˿ܣӣǰкϢҪ
˵ţзһһһ֮ϫص˵۾Ҫټϫ
ô䶯
ϫȻһ뵽麽ǶԼһһƬȻ󲨣ԼЩš
ȥ˾ˡ
Ǯ˵۾ǵ˹ʱ䣬
òѱ¶ҵݰɣ
ϫüǮ
Ļᣬÿһλ˿͵ݣܵױľԱܣһԷġ
Ǯæظ֤
̸׿ԣҿɲֱӺ۾档
ϫ
ӶˣѰרŵķ䣬Ա֤ûκܿŵݡ
ǮѲµϫ˵ԥش


1747 
麽ǣˮĽֵϡ
ױдһйƷƷ쿪ʼ̶ʱ䣬ٴ޵ߴ˷
УŲȨĴһƽ̣һ֮һνǷƻۣ麽ҲԽ𱬡
ǽͷϣǲ¥У޵߶⡣
ʮģֻҪκһģԶһһƷԴ˵λУʮסԴֱûˣ
ģвٴǶע£п϶мˣױҲðȻųһ
˵Ǽһ﾿˭
˭Կ϶ǣǼһ϶ǰӽçŻԴ֮Уӵô
òǸϫɣ
ܣǼһɽ״ӣĿ˼çŻ棬նɱũұܷλŭ˵ٶ۾ҲҪɱ
ҲţɽѩҲƹضΪǳϫڶǵһڵ¹۾Ҳû⣡
˲ʵ˲𣬴ѩô겻أһؾ͸ɳȴ£ʵ޷󡣡

麽ǷĽֵϣϫϸ̽иֵӿС
һġ
Ҳ۵ڷһսġ
ʮĵġ
Ҳ̾ɽѩľġ
֣֮ϫ⡣
Ϊϫ֣;ŵۣʲôݵģƺԼŷֲĹϵ
ʵЩԤϡ
ҲóϫʶǷڷսɢϹ
£ԼҲ֮У£Ȼˣ֮ǰǰԡ
ǺǻϫԼ޷жϡ
£ĸϹеĻȻҲ֪Ϣɣ
ĪأϫԼĸĸѩвһЩȻʧ
βѩһϫ̸ֻҪƾͼƬгһձǸϹطꡣ
ֱ񡭡
ȴǰϢҲޣ
óϫʱҲȻ׳˭ǰ
ǰΪ̫Ͻ֮ʦܣҲΪɽŵˣֱϫЩֲ׵ݾ˭ֺϹĹϵ
ӣϹ֪Ϊ䶯
ǰߴ·ǮȻڣϫӳ˼ѹ
˵
ϫȻ
һɽѩճѹȺۣȶ۾¹
ڶҹҹ̤񾳣󣬱Ϊе˫ǣâ
ǡ
˵⣬ǮȻѹһˣţвɳǿǰҪһ̽
ϫԣʱüȻ
һϢҲܺ⣬Ͼʦѹ۾һĻڳ޵߶Уס
ڶϢȤˣϫûмǴҹֱλз֮񾳵һڶԶũ֮ϡ
ֻóϫû뵽ǣ˾ͬһʱҽԶ󣬺䶯¡
ѵ˵Ҳõ˼Ϊ˲Դ
ڵϢϫ͸û뵽ˣ˴ĺ䶯ȴжȻһƾ衣
ϫһԼй¶ֻЩס׷Լˡ
Һãǰ麽ʱģҲı䲻٣ֻҪˣѻϳ
̸֮ʣױǰ
ϫǣױֱΪˮйͨݣȥǺѹѹͷ
óϫʶԼһͣȷ˳ĺ䶯

ǮĴ£ܿϫ㱻һС
ӣ֮ǰµʮġ
Ǯһϫװŵľǳϫǧʮµһġ
ϫһ̽㼴˵ͷ
ӣѾǰϢ˸֮۾ֻ農ڴˣԺ۾нס
˶٣Ǯָ⾲װΣԺģ˷ױطƣǵ٣˭Ҳ޷ŵеһˡ
лˡ
ϫֵ
ǧ
˵⣬Ǯһһص̸֣ӯӯ⣬ɫһ񣬵ˡ
Ȼ۾ˣ
ϫһݣҲ˵λµĵ۾ںܾ֮ǰ̤ǵ۾֮һ˴ɫʡ
һλҲҵˡ

ͬʱһҶһУһϮī䲩ͷڵ۾Ȼ
ߣԾ
Ǽһ湻СĵģѵǺɣ
Ծü
Сʻ괬Խ϶ԷֻӵвƷѵĵˡ
۾΢΢һЦӺƳһΡϢΪˡ
ˡ
˵ţ۾һҲǸֳһ̣ӨӨ⡣
ѣϷ򱱹Ǭ飬ӵһꡮݡ֪ǷǵҪ
۾ڣֱֱȴͱ˵ơ
һУȻһϫ۾֪Ǭ֣۾䡣
ĿԶһһƷǰԸ⣬̱Խס
ϫһã㼴ڵ
ȤǸСһ
۾ǷһĨЦ⣬ϫеġǰ֣ע⵽Ǹ
²Ϸ֮͵ı棬ȷҪѰһ
۾ڣϷ²ⲻֻ²ֹӵƷƷƷĵɣ
ϫһݣǰγԣ
ϵȷвƷɲһȥˡ
ԣǵЦȴŨȱżܾҲϷΪѰһϼѵĵЩνǷ˲ۣΪϷһĲ
˶٣Ȼ͸һɴǣԸϷһѣֻҪϷӵе䣬ѡҾһ£ҲϷǷһ顣
ֱӣֱֱȴ͸һŷ
ϫĬ
ԵǮ¶֮ɫ۾ʵЩˣҲû뵽۾һڣŵ˾˵
۾Ƿһ鰡ϳ˵ȴڣ˭۾ŵ
˵һĬĬŵ޵˷תֱϣǰ;
ۣ۾óղص䣬Ϊлֱܸˣκ޵߶Կܣ


1748 س
۾ȷˣѰ޵ߣֻѻϲصشӦˡ
۾ԼҲţԼѱ˳⣬ԷֻҪȨףȻܾ
ɶԳϫԣ۾ν飬޵ϲ񣬿ɶȴû
ԭܼ򵥣ĴʦѩһλںһλҲ̫۹Ӵ
£һλ۾ŵ飬Ȼóϫľϲˡ
ϫδܾҪһꡰݡҲܾʹ˷Źᡣ
ʹ˸һ곬ƷĵȻҲǲܵġ
ǰĺ⣬ˡ
ϫڣҲ̸飬ǡǷȱһֵ񽣣ǰԻһǰԴ
شԱߵǮһ㲻Լ䣬һܾˣ
ԣ
ǾܾûҪ۾Ҫһ񽣣
ǮһӶ鴤ʨӴ󿪿һŭ۾զ죿
һɲ淿е۾ҲЩ⣬ԷԼּۻˣ
֣
һԵԾЩ಻סǼһԴô˻ᣬݺթһʣ游ǧ
۾ĬƬ̣ضԣ
̾˿Ծ򣬵ҪһƷϼѵĵһЩҲǱġ
ǡ
Ծвʡ
ûпǣ
۾ִϣɫȻ͸һĨϡ
ǵЩǰϷЩϼһѵţȴһҪеȾָǱĵ̣νҰģ
˵⣬۾ǷһĨ⣬ֻͨһףܹһ겻ĵѾܲˣ롭ɱȴӦЩϼһҪǿϰٱ
Ծ꣬ʱĬˡ
ҲЩܶͨĴҵ游һƷ಻ĵһ游ܾˣԭڣǵĿĲ͸潻游޷̵ġ
һеģΪԾ
Ϊ۾ɲ˴ˡ
游
ԾһҪ˵ʲô
ˣԺŬУ㹻ˡ
۾ЦЦʾضԡ
˵⣬۾ʲô̧óһͭϻ߲һɣеĹׯζ
ָĦһͭϻ۾ﲻһĨп׷¡
游òҪѴ˱͸Ǽһɣ
һ̣ԾȴʧУϳͭϻеı
Ҳá
۾ҡҡͷԥת󿪷ţһݽߣתλˡ

һӣæӹҴҶȥ
游δ̫ˣô˵˾ˣԹ֮Уû
Ծض㣬Ȼѡ
ˣһȥȡ
۾³һ仰Ȼݣȴ͸һ˵֮

۾Ծ̸δϫߵķ䣬Щš
þòӦǮҲɫ΢䣬૵òᡭ۾˼Ҷŭ˰ɣ
ϫΪȻģһλ۾᲻Ϊġ
Ǯ׽Ϊѹأ
ϫЦֲ֪˭Ϊң
˵ǮЩԭ۾۾ͬʵ̫ˣķ˶֮ġ
ҲڴʱȻһ
Ǯʱһ۳ϫųˣ֪ڽ𣿡
Ǯ۾Լȡ߰ɡ
һϵ

Ǯʱһϫ¶ɻ֮ɫæ͵Ϻһ۾ڣͬʱױе֮һһ壬Щ˼򣬲ű˲
ϫȣһλ۾˵أֲ˸ڴ¡
۾ѵû
ǮЩɻ
ȥȡ
ϫȴ˼Ը
Ǯ˵ͷ֮߳ûþһкһͭϻ˽
ϫ۾ʱµЩʲôЩȻ
ȴУȻͿһϸ˲ΣȴֵͨɫƷҩУȻǡݡ
ѵ
ǮһЩš
ϣ
ʱ򣬳ϫѴͭϻʱ֮䣬һƻɬ쳹
ϸȥһŽڽϻָа룬һ磬ְɫ⻬羵ӡһصĵƣտȻ¹ƵӨӨԡ
侲ݷϻУɵϫĿȥʱȴܵһɱȻ֮ҲУһֱʹ΢о
鱦
ԣ
Ϣ⣬񱦶һЩ
ǣΪӵ˴
һɲǼ䣬ϫһĨ𺳣ĻһɻΪ޷ֱһŽǺε񱦡
ȻЩ
һ̣ǮѼ˸ɫ䣬˱һ࣬ǲҿһŽ
ڸȷ۾δŭˬ콻һݣԼһϢ˵ĹŽ
ⳬǮ󣬸Դ۾оġ
ѣ˽Σ
ڴʱ۾ǵȻȵ

ϫ˶٣ֲһ䣬ѰɱȣֵӦò鱦֮¡
˽سԺܶǰһλ̤ռ;ϵͨǿ֣֮鱦ȴһ鱦ͣԺƱܣĪ׹
۾УһĨײĸˡ
س
ϫһֵЩ죬ΪǣΪ˽˲ϧһ鱦Ϊߣ
ȥֻ·ǱɷӲɣϾ鱦һɾԭӵеˡ
Ҳһ㣬Żóϫտʼ˽ʱ޷ϳǺεˡ
ӹɣ˽ǿ󣬳ϫϣֵҲԲһ鱦ˣ
۾Ϊһ仰ͽ˽ͳǳ˳ϫԤϣЩȻ
лǰͽ
ϫһл
˵ʱһн״̬Ǯ鷳͹ȥ
ǮʶӹɫأЩ㱵߳˾ң֮ǰһУҲĿ࣬оþ޷ƽ
һС
һƷͰسͳȥˣֱ̫Сˡ
ԾأԷ߷߲ƽ游۾ֵ
ϻɳ
۾ȻЦЦ
ڴʱһȻһӹһ˽ˣǶԷı
ȥɡ
۾ӹֱ뿪ŴС
ţ
һ̣еƷȻӿһĨâ


1749 ֮
۾˵ӡһֱܳȣ纣ʯΰӿԿȻɽΰ˷Ϯ޿ɺһ˿
һֻ²ĥ³ľ
Ȼ˿̣ȴɫϲƱòħһ㡣
Ծˣס΢΢̲סǰȥȴ֮Уһε纣ƻõ֮ԣƮ꣬ʥǷ
Ʒ
һӣԾͫţʧ
ǰƷ
۾һпѣһ£ǷҲǷˡ
ȴڣǺһƷζʲô鱦Ҳ
ΪƷԴԱ鱦ϡ

Ծһʱԣ˵ʵ޷Ͼ˻ͳȹ屦
һ£㲻Թ游ˣ
۾Цŵ٩һ䡣
ԾʱβѣڨڨҲû뵽ѣһ﾿˭ӵаƷ
鲻Ӧ˼򵥣ӦùĵǣƷԹã֪Լӵеĵȼж೬Ȼˡ
۾â뵣ǻ۰ĹѲµһЩʲô
иòỹһƷۼɣ
Ծһ
۾ЦЦĪ²£ԷǺˣ
Ծһü˼ã͵һţеǼһѵǸɽ״ӳϫ
۾ÿɷ񣬵ҴȥΣܻһƷǷ˶Էһ飬һˣ֮ˡ
˵ѱࡣ
游ģһμġ
Ծһᶨ

ʱϫǴһ侲߳Ǯͬ£ױȥ
˳һݣԼһӵоƵس񽣣Ѿóϫ⡣
ֻ΢΢ЩźǣȻΪԼ˼ĺ䶯һģΪֹȴֻ۾һ
ϫҲżŸչȥʱ䣬ԺкܶᣬǮֻҪ˽֪ͨ
ӣò潻һƷɣ
һ·ϣǮһֱڳĬԥʲô˿ջûסʳ
ȻõǴ
ɲùĵġ
ϫЦŵ˶Էһ䡣
Ǯʱڨڨæֵӱᣬ¾˼
ţǾɡ
ױ⣬ϫǮǡ
Եȡ
ƺȻʲôǮס˳ϫһ˹ȥӣѼйءҹǵˡϣ¡
ϫǮѣ硣
лˡ
ϫ˹֣תȥܿʧãã˺С
λӵһͬСˡ
ǮĿͳϫ뿪ֱãŸпƵ̾˿ԽǺͳϫӴԽһɲظоһĵľηС
Ǯ
Ƭ̺һϵ𣬾˳˼еǮ

ǮæתͿһڴпԼ
αֺܲԺ󡭡͸ϽɡߺЦĿо͡
Ǯһţðβǿ԰млЯ֮
ԼһԾΪһˣһѵޱְλζһ
úøɣҪڽӣ̺λӡ
򣬱תȥ
Ҳڴʱ۾Ծһ˳֣ӭȥܿ죬۾һǰרſĹС
ǮĿһУǼǿϲס૵λӿҵĹ˰̶̼죬ҵ˷һ仯ԺһøڿһϮܺλӽύǾܸҴĪ컯ˣ

סĶ츣֮󣬳ϫȽջһСĲſʼе
ҹǵˣݺϺ̶򡢾򡭡ʮǿ֮һȺǿԽǿ·޵Ϊֶβ̣޶죬ĺ
ҹǵ˵ϴºš۵񡱣أӵ۷徳սı㡣
϶ȼѩˡᣬǧǰ˲̣ӵ۷Ϊ
Ѫ桱ʬѪᡭ
ġɺޡϽᡭ
塰áѼ׳ᡭ
һȥϫףΪҹǵˣλ죬һɫ񾳴ڣ£Ҳֻе۾֣пܽǡ
źЩթǵһֱǿУжȥ٣ҲǼΪأ֪ǵϳǵ۾ǵټˡ
ֵһǣҹǵУǰԭ߸죬ǰЩ꣬жʱ򣬱һλ۾𣬹ʶͽʣλ졣
УһЩйҹǵЩĶ£飬ǧ֮أ顣
Ѫֻ²ưոˣҲã˳ֳЩҲһ׮֮ˡ
ϫüһ˿ɱƣҲΪʹ޶ĶϣԲĴ
ˣղŻõһó
Ȼϰڴߴٳϫ
ϰ׽ױеı֣óϫ⣬ʼնδ˵һ֣Щ
˿Ȼڣóϫ΢΢һ֮࣬Ī˿оϰ׵ĿһԲóϫЩӦˡ
˽ôˣ
ϫóһͭϻ򿪣ϰס
ϰײԣǾڽϻеĹŽϸ
ֱãźȻسһسȷһ鱦Ҳ²ⲻ˽˵ĵΪġԭʼľڰ˶֮¡
˵⣬ϰײȻֻǿϧ˽ջǲһδܼ̽Ѱռ;Ϊһ֮вһء
οģ
ϫһݣЩϰ׾һУͿ˶ණ
յһ츳ѧģѧѧİɡ
ϰևNɪǰȻб˳ϫһۡ
ʱ֮䣬ϫúֻϻˣ˻֣ϰߣִسһһ˽𣬿ʼϥ
ѽ֮ΪʱѺʶ˼Ϊϡ
ΪֻҪԴʹΪɱ䣬ԷΪĽ
ϫĵΪԭʼľһԲز۳Ӥͯ෽֮ϥӨ͸֮Եú졢ʥࡣ
ĴǣʱȫΪȡͻƽڶ͵ز
ʱսȻٴηɱ䣡


1750 ĸº
֪ǰ¹ȥ
Щ죬ϫڶдǰױΡ
ֱһƷһƷһõʮġɰʮġѩ顱
óϫ⣬̬Ƴȥ£ԽѼȫˡ
״̬ϫҲұϣ
çŻ淵ʱϫ˻õһۻʼ֮⣬аƷ꣬Ʒ꣬Ʒʮ꣬Ʒʮꡣ
ȥ֮ǰȥƷƷƷл֡
ĳϫԣȻòЩȴһʱʾ˵ĲƸԳϫԺԲԶӰ졣
ͺñ֮ǰ۾Ľףֹջһݺһسǰ򵥣ԷǷһ飬˵һõϡ
ӣϫǳǱҪһʱ䶼˴Ϊϡ
磬űеȴ𱬡

麽УΧֱÿǰݣ޵ߣԲͬ飬ֶ֮İס
ڽͷβĻ⣬ȴһйسϫ顣
Ҳ֪ǼһожԴ̫˼ˡ
ҹƣ뻹ʮƷƷĵˣϧǼһ͵ʵ̫ȥһһꡣ
쿪ûеĴǰҲΪûзҪģֻ̾
ֻǲ֪Щ˶ܹһõһԴˡ
麽е޵߶۾ױɹΪԾһõһȥ
޵߶ȷţһģǹŪ飡
ȫٴκ䶯Զڷ̽ϢҪѰٳһַϵġ
ֱǰЩ죬ٴ˶һõԴϢһ麽뻩Ȼ֮С
£κ޵߶ԣһűоԿʢǰ
ؼһȻˣֹɢ麽ǣϺϺС

麽ǣһ츣С
һӰ˿һ£һŮϢǿޱȡ
ḻ֮ڴˣһϳһŮȻҹǵ˵λ죡
˿УһĻĻϾǸųϫǾεӰ
ô˵ѾȷСӾǷһˣ
һ룬ţɫ۵꿪ڣǹĻĿ˸
ҹǵ˶죬ȼѩˡ
Ӧòױϸ̽ġ
һ࣬ݣѪŲңܸŵùʬѪɣСӾǱһͷǶеζǲıġ
ˣСӿҲưЩӣűжһòץסԻһľϲ
һ࣬һŮӿڣ欣һ޳۵аһֻ糤ͨѪ죬Ŀĳӣ͸һ˿ĺζ
ǡáҹǵ죬һλѼ׳ɫ
ֹ۲ƣѪ˵ڷ֮ǰǻǧٶ񾧹˲ģһܰ쵽ôǷǶӵУƵϺ
ȼѩЦڣȴȼһԻѣԼֻ̰ҪץסӣֺܳһʱˣðŷĴܣҿ챻׷ɱӡ
ҲôΪġ
ѪЦ
磬Ϊأ
ýĿ⿴һλߡ
ԣҲЦݣĿˢˢ˹ȥ
ϣͷϡҰףˮ۴һɫ֣Ϣǹأ˿һ۾ͽס⡣
ҹǵŵĴ조۵񡱣һλޱȵ۷
ţΪй۵ĴڣҹǵЩӹһһɱ٣ĺ
ڸղŵĽ̸У۵һֱĬԣֱ˿̣˰עʱ°ͣϷֻһ䣬ɴ̽Ŀľݣ
ͳɳơƴԨдҹɽĺ
˽Զһǵǵȷδ̽
Ŀݶδ̽Ҫż֣ǡѵҪ𣿡
۵̧ͷһֻĶߣɨˣǽԶɫһ͡
ǡ˼ǣ
ȼѩ̲סʵ
һСӵĵףǺηʥ
۵ޱ
СͷСأѵǾͷж
ȻһӰڵģִ۾ϥɸһɽΡ˵ƣһӱ¶
ҹǵɺޣºšϽ塣
ģΪǸ
۵жۣ˹ʵ
ɱ
ɺ޴³һ֣ɱ硣
ҲôΪ
۵ˡ
ҸоԸһ㣬Щ˲֪ٳңҲСһ
ǸһƱԶ߸߷ɣȥ򾳲һ帣һܷͷ
һԥҲǷ׷׿ڡ
ˣ۵Ĭˡ
ֱãжЩɲʱſڵãҲУȴ麽ǡ
˼ˣŶ˿ϲɫ
۵ȴһ̾ĿǹĻϵӰ૵Ϊλһ˿סѵҲһλ
뵽⣬ɫû㱣׷һܾúܾǰ£ʱõȴҲģ
գʲôҲû뵽סҡҡͷԳԼȷˣԽԽСˡ

һº
ϫΪ˳ԭʼľڶ;磬Ӥģɱ䣬üɣȴ֮
ΪǽһؾĽΪҲɶֻһ̤㽣ʶ졣
£ĸսҲǵõԽѲκ޵߿ս
º
ϫ½ƷƷĴۣױȡʮģֻ꣬Խȫ
º
ϫȴЩסˣΪ²Ž޵һģʣµġ񽬡͡ƾȴٳ޷޵
ĸ¡
ϫȷţ޷ٿѰٵģʶǮһ
ˣ麽޵߽ԶĪһΪĸУΪ̫࣬񶼿ľ
񿴼ʧǶһȻվҪĻˡ
Գϫԣһжɹֻһ֮ңһȴԾⳡжʤ
գǰһˣ


1751 Ԫ
ǰ֮󣬳ϫ̶ױǮ¡
֪Ҫ밵УҸһ񾧵Ĵۡ
ϫǲ񾧣ֻȱһˡ
Թԣ밵ֻСһ׮ұܰˡ
֪ϫ⣬Ǯ˼ˬӦ
ΪϫĹϵֹһʾ˵ĲƸǽΪױеһܣν˫գ⡣
ټǡʱ۳ϫʲôҪֻǮԥӦˡ
ϫЦǿɶлˡ
ӣֻ»δǰУҪһԴ·𣿡
ԥһ£ǮûסʵĿеؿųϫ
òˡ
ǮϲԵȣȥȥ
ϫ˵ͷ

յ蹦
ǮϫһңȻóһܲ񹂣͵һ顣
ˡ
𽥹ճһŻ졣
ӣͨе·޽һ֮УûǶ޷С
ǮЦŽһ䡣
򣿡
ϫһݡ
ֻеβܿٵĺռ䣬һ磬ܹ֮Ĳ̽
çŻе̫ڵġ̫ԷԶһ
ⰵڵĵǴǰŴнףǰȫ
Ǯһ߽ͣһ߹ֵӣ롣
ϫ˵ͷûгɣǮһ̤һŻС
ˡ
һʧ

һϵĳǳأģ
שĽֵ߲ǽ治ٵط̮ܣʴĺܾã϶ɣ
УԶ£һֺصʷϢ
ǳѻ˲Ӱ
粻ִܹͬ˵صģȻԶǷҲƣǵ̻Ȩ֮
ϫǮִʱһ˲ͿǿߣֻһС񾳴ڣ񾳣Ѱٵ
óϫпȻⰵв˭ġ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬ƬزһͭƲ񷣬۶
űģȻǰͷƽ⥣ˣ͸һɱ
⥱
ս۾Ҳˣ
ֵ˾ȻѣϳǱ˵ݣԶ¶ɵη֮ɫ
ս۾ǿǾңɱϣӵи֮
ûãǴлعһƬȻϼڿգһջҫ۶ĿһֵΰӰ˿ݣȴţɽӣضɫ䡣
ǣ
Ҳ²ⲻӦϺƿյ۾
۾죬ѱչأڽպ
Ͼһ궯
һ̣ϫҲȣһһ۾ⰵУΪʲô
ȻϫֻǰһϸһƬӰա
ϸȥǲǺƣһͷ޵ӴĶԲƲУһƯĴ½ƶͷųޱȵĿֲơ
ֱ޷Զˣڿ䱳һȺӰΪ׵һī̳䲩ͷڵߡ
۾
û뿪
ϵĳǳУױƣȻǶһĻĻ޷ƽ
̶Ƭ̣λĵ۾ɷͬѰ
һһ޵߸е۾ҲԸ򾳵Ȩ֮濰ƾ
ϫֵϣвУͨ˵ۣҲ˽⵽һЩ۾۽硣
ӣǰʱ˽⵽սһڰоٰ죬ʱвپ֣֮ЩǽԶΪ˶
ǮһԵ͡
᣿
ϫһ֪ӺʱѺܾûӴᣬȴû룬ǡʱһ۾ʢᡣ
ӣֻ񽬡͡ƾֺģȥһ
Ǯ
ȥҵҪһϻֺεȱˡϰ۷⣬ԴԵúܸȤ
Ҳá
ϫ˵ͷ
ɵ׼ϣƾ񾧺ºñԴıֻ»ᱩ¶ݡ
Ǯһԥǵ͵
㵹صġ
ϫЦЦϿɲֹԴģ̫ϡһֱԸۡ
Ǿͺãڴ˳ǰǧ֮⣬Ǵ˴ľٰءϺС
ǮЦ
ʱ磬ϫҲżǮһŽֵԶȥ
һ·ϣʱԿһӰͬһȥȻҲΪμһ
˵ô۾˴νԶǡܵߡǿһ˲õ鱦
ֹǴ˱ǰ򵥣Ŵ˴ϣ۾Ҳݵر֣򣬿ôǰ
Ҳ˵ѹ֮һԪ񱦣Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ȱʣһǺʵ롣
Ԫ񱦣˭ɵðѼԪˣ
һ·ϣϫߴԶйģҲǲ첻ѡ
Ԫ񱦣
Ǻεȱ
٣Ԫ񱦣һȺ֪֮ϰڳϫ򣬲мЦǲΪȻ
˻
ϫ
СһŻʲôǼԪ񱦣֮ǳ򷶳룬ӵ֮ıһԣȱԶǴϸԪӴ̫죬ʶΪԪɣһؽϲԽµ޾ѡ
ϰ٩٩ԣȱǵ۾ԦˣһմȾҲᱻǣݡ
ϫ𶯣û뵽Ͼ֮ĪؾԼڤ¼аʣͬҲǽ֮޷¶
Щ׶Ѱ޵߶ԣӵмԪ񱦣Ǳ״׸Լ֮֡
ϰĭɵҲŻ˵Щ޵̫򵥣Ԫ񱦵Ŀɲ֮ףԣԪĳ֣ǡ
˵⣬ȻסʲôһĬ
ôˣ
ϫϰЩȶüʵ
ûʲôǻȥῴ
ϰҡͷɫȴЩ֡
ڽ·ϣһ̬óĬԣЩ겻Ļģ
ڴˣϫҲûʣֻأ֪ϰ׶﾿װ˶ܡ
ܿ죬һϵĽǰֺ롢׳ƽϵһ¥Զʱڣ͵Ĺ̨
ʱһһ޵߷룬Եú֣ȴǺׯࡣ
ϫһ⥱һݣȻЩǶѵִ
ϺУһλűаУµڡ


1752 ֵ۾
Ϻǰרŵ߽Ӵ
ǮƶԴΪϤϫ˵Եȣ첽ǰ̸һ
ûãЦϫߣζԿƣ﹫׼һңͲصı޵ˡ
ϫԴȻؿ˿Ǯаһ˼磬Ǹ˲š
ûжͣ˲ϺС
ϽڵԻͿԱѿռطƹǬ
ӳҰеľһϵһΰɷ˫ָԶ򵥵һһ֮ӭǡ
ΪϣȾһϣһϣóϫжסȻһĨη
̫˼ˣ
Ҫ֪Գϫľ磬һĵ۾ϲˡ
ֻһ񣬾Ӱ죬֪кεȾˡ
Ǯǰ˹תϫߣӣǰ˵ҲǿٳһƬˡ౦伫ӹɣûûűС
౦
ϫһݣһλ񣬾ӵóϫԵ֮˸һ֪
˳ӿĿܶ࣬ϵرǿߣŮ٣һЩԹе飬Զ򵥡
ϾܹļҪô壬ҪôӵзǷսǿߣϫĴڷ٣඼еϹ۾ڡ
óϫˣһϾֺεȾ˶
ܿ죬ǮųϫƹһͨһȰǰ
λֹ˵ǹҡ
һʹڰǰ̬Ȳԣ䲻ȡ
ģһѱǶˡ
ǮǰһƵ˹ȥ
ߺɵش˳ϫһۣδֽӹĮȻǸѱˣλ뿪
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ѵû
ܹϺְҲǴйϵǮżëļһʶԴǺǲ
ղѶ¡ڴʱһλ⡣
󣬻һȺŮ̬һǲ
ү
ԭĮɫʱһĨ֮ɫϽͷѡ
һȺŮǰ꣬Ϻֵ۾ĺ
̬ת֮죬ϫü۴ڰ
ӣΰһˡ
ǮЦϳݣǳֵ۾ӣϺҲһĹӵܡ
Ǯϫһ顣
ô£˵Ȼڴˣ
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ϫˣǮ͵һҧǿģô˵ģ
ɫһͣȻŭðǴˣ
ˣ
üϵڴ˵ȵطֹɺͳ
˵ţȻתͷɨһ۳ϫǮǲһĨмȣɲҰĵطҲԼݣң˵ױλˣƾһ仰Ҳǽ˹ң
Ǯɫ粻Һȳߣȴҵλֵ۾ĺ
Ͼֻױеһ£ԷҪŪֱϻɡ
ˣǼƽϣǸϽ𵢸ʱ䡣
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Ͻʧ
һŮҲڣǰԴǸǲȻѳϫǮС
ЩСޣְְ׳գԼӺ͸Һ޼ˣһȺܼһɫޣ
ϰ׺ȻЦԴǼ̱С㻹̵סЩ˶֪ʲôˡ
ϰһڣϫ֪û£Ȼ£һŮɫԶ
ΣҲˣ
˴ȡ
£ֻë¾Ʋɣ
Ҳɱϰס
ǮȻɫ䣬нп಻ˣû뵽յִ˵أǳȷ粨Ǻãһ̿¾٣֪δðɣ
һ̣ϫƽзһĨɱ
Щ˶ȷϰԣ׳յģ˼ɵǵıɲɵˣ
˺£
ڳϫ̲סҪʱһƵ𣬶ʱһѹס
Զһߺһ꣬ԶӵתǬ֮
ǺȻλ۾ڣ
Ǯһ£ɫϳߣϺֵ۾
ò£Ǵݿ϶Ҳˡ
ףһСʱѣ۵ļһң㽫
ЦſڣϫǵٲȻһԶǵģ
ŮҲ׷׵ͷϫǵЦѡ
ֵǣһ̣Сӷǵûκη循֣ˡ
ԣ£κ޵ߣֻ¶ŵù˰ɣ
ô
Ӵҵ˭ô磬ԭ
ϰ׺ȻڣЦߺʹ꣬ԴǼζ

ֻȻλ۾Ǵ
˶סѻȸ㲻Ŷ䡣
㡭
ŭ˵ףٰ಻סһƳϰȥ
ž
һİƣޱȡ
ɳȥȴϰףֱӱõڵأպףڱѪ
˭˭Ҵӣ
ҽд
ž
һƴȥһʹȥ
һ£ڿľԼĸף
һӣҲ˲òҺˣ˼ؿųֵ۾еף⡭
£
ֵ۾纮˪ﾡŭ⣬һɸֵģ
ףҡ
±ˣ㲻״
£
ֵ۾мŵһ£æӣڵء
һ̣ǰЩŮѴͣ¶ȻȻ֮ɫԲ֪Ϊʲô
ֹǣǮ߶Ӳ
žžž
һ̣ϰ׺ȻƣЦзз
ǰȮ飬һҴˡ
ֵ۾Цȭ
һĻó˳ϫ鶼оԼһЩʲô
һУΪֻ


1753 ɻ
չ죬𾪶㱡
ʵǲⳤֵ۾ߵĴ֮꣬ǰǰ̫ۣҪݷùָ㡣
ûȵȴǵȵϰףһָ㣬ǽ⣬Ȼϰ׸мޱȣٲȻǰˡ
£ۼԼײϰףԴ֮価Ǵ󲻾ֵ۾βŭˡ
۾ñϹϾԴǰȴԼϥµĺڮ裬ֱǴ׵
źǣֱʱʶһ㣬нԶ𺧻ֲ̿ѡ
ϰأŭⲻƽҪ˵Щʲôϫæסˣǿɲµġ
ϰ׺ǰƢǶСӲɣǼһҪɱ¾ƣֱﲻˡ
˵ţһָһӡ
ৣ
ֵ۾磬ɨ˹ȥ
ŵûһ£ѣԼͨһڵأͷѡ
˰
ˣϰҲʱȤ
ˣ°ɡ
ˣֵ۾ϰŭ˻֣뿪۲Ĳ
˭վס
ҲҪ͵͵ϰ׵ʱ۾һɣǳ
ǰСĴˣĴˣ˴ˡСһ⡭߶ʱ׻ڵϣžžžԼգһɥģѡ
뵽ֻëͷȻ֮󣬾ȻϺֻܹԴ
֪ˣĻղǰ
ϰױҪ賰ԷһɼųģʱһͷղŲǹڣֵˡ
лǰлǰ
æҲƵ뿪
ѡ
ˣֵ۾벻⣬Цųϫ˹֣֮ǰð¡
ϫֵ֪߲Ѳ⡣
ֵ۾˵ͷЦἴʼϷ˾иˡ
˵գָϰ׺һźǴתȥ
ߣ۸һЩ׳ƵСޣֱ̫Ȥˣұţûǳֵ۾һʲء
ϰֹġ
֪ɡ
ϫƳһۣȻѡ
ʱǮγƵģعֻϫϰ׵ɫУǱòͬ𾪣Ȼһַĵľη
֮ǰѾһһǺεȲɻû뵽ǾϺֵ۾˹Դһж

﷢ĶϺУһλԸƵƵϫϰǸ߲ټƽϣŷĶȥ
ʱԸʹԷڳϫϰߣɲѰ˿ܵĴ
Ȼλ±ȻǴӳֵ۾õ˷Ըܵ˳ϫϰס
󲻷޲ϸѡԹ
һǽϣڿĿһУԱ;ı
ߣȴǸһУҲһּõı
ڳϫոĻһλԼ̨򵥳һأ㾶ֱóһ
һӣ˳ϫע⡣
һ˳ɫꪣͨԣꪷлһֻ˷裬ҫۣͷųһɾ˵ķâ
ϸȥǺȻһ鱦
ֹǳϫ˴޵ߣҲһ٣ȥ
Ὺʼóһرź족ͬʱҲóرһѹᡣ
Ȼһ鱦ǡź족ر
ɻˡ鱦ȻһɱԴĪ⡣̨ϵ˼Խһ¡
Ѱ᲻ܹͬ޵ߣĪԸĴعܣǱԿǷɻꪵ֮ˡ
һս鱦֮һ鱦ΪǿʢȻûз󣬳䵱ѹ֮ʵ˳Ծ
پ̾
ϫϸãȴǲٹע˱ȷƺϧȴʺ
˱ܼ򵥣׼ǧ񾧣ͬλҲóһ۸ߵá
˿ڡ
δ£Ѵһûã۸ǧŰ񾧡
ˣԭȵղƽ
Ϊ۸㹻ˣٶĻЩǶò˼ˡ
ȻգɻꪡȴǱһλһƿޱȣֵҲޱȵġҺһõ
⡰ҺһζԶһ񾧣һƿһһ鱦Ѿˣʱõٸ֮ۡ
óϫҲףΪ֮ǰǮԼһϣƾ񾧺ºñˣҲȷˡ
ⶫѰ޵߶ԣζŲƸȻԽԽãɶЩǶԣȴֻһְˣ̸ȻҲһõ屦
ܿ죬ڶ㱻չ̨ϡ
һģһУ򾣬ԵһƽƵļ̣ͨȻƽ֭Һɣһƻɬޱȵĵϡ
һģϫ͵һȻǷȱ֮һƾ
óϫҲ⣬ȴǾϲû뵽֮ԼĿ˴
˱ƾ
˽꣬оͷһôЦ
ⲻ֮һ
Ǻǣû뵽ϺйȻǺֶΣȥһԴȴѴĪ˺̧һЩǮ
Ϸϼһ۰Ͱ͵ѰһƾȥıһԴأᵹƣôĿĿЩ
ȻЩӷ麽еһУЩǽԶš
һ£ϫҲסЩεƲ죬ҲֲϺУ˭Լһأ
λѼȻٺòˣҲٶ׸ﾺĵ׼Ϊһǧ񾧣ͬҲһ۸ߵá
ݸһЦȻΣ
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򣡡

ĳ澹Ǳһ鱦ʱҪ𱬣ʵϡ
ɳϫȴǴüͷȥԼûѺεȴۣ´
һ̣ҲЩеǼԼĲԼҲòߴۣʵպޡ
ϫҲû취ԼֻҪѪ´ˡ
һĻȴһ㶡
ֻкȻһƵλϷ־ڱصãԸΪ˸һ캣̵ʯĴۣ
Ȼǳֵ۾
ϫֵģȴһ̣һ𣺡֣Ϸͬ־ڱصã֪һ鿲ڤܷ´
۾
λ۾νͳϫŽӴ򰵣񾹽ԶΪһƾϧһд۳֡
óϫʱЩ⣬ǡҪ


1754 ۾֮
ϫɻ󣬴ȴǻȻһƬ
ǳԳֵ۾һ캣̵ʯ۾һ鿲ڤԶϡޱȵ䱦
䱦Ѱ޵òϵģؼǶԵ۾ڣĪޱȵ
˵һ䱦ֵԶǽƾ֮ϡ
ǾԱ䱦޷ֳֻ˵ǿڤҪ캣̵ʯôһ˿
ؼЩǴ˿Ϊһƾλµĵ۾֣Եļƣ˽Զһٳۡ
ǵģ֮䲻۾ڣ֮ʢ۾ҪԶˣҳãһֻ̤֮һ־ڱصã˭֮᣿
ǳֵ۾۾ԲһЩϺȨ죬ⰵжĵϣ£۾Ծǹռ
Ϊһ棬ȻȫĿע
Ψ̨ϵ˴ǷһĨ޵Ц⣬ԽϺбԽֵλ۾
֣ϷԻṰãһƾУϷٳһӵаİѩ磡
ֵ۾ĴЦԴϣжദһ˿ҩζ
ĬƬ̣۾һȻ֣̾αͱˣʵϷǷһλС飬һƾҲҪõֵġ
Ƿ飿
Сѣ
˽Զ죬ϻܹ۾òǷĴڣ
ŵ޵߶ԣǷһ飬ɲô򵥵飬Ҫһȥ
ܹ۾Ƿһ飬һ鱦
һ£Լ׹۾֮ԶԴ˱־ڱصõԭˡ
ΨϫпЦѣȻ۾еġСѡָľԼǡԸ۾һţ
ΪôƴȥԱ˵ϺУǸ飬ϫûôˡ
۾̾ڴƣֵ۾һ仰ȴڳ˶
ףˣϷҪ´ҲҪһλСѵ顣
УһĨȺ⡣
˻һǳ飬йһλСѡģֱ۾һޣβ𾪣
Ƕжϳλ۾ԵλСѡֻ¾ͬһˣ
֪ǰЩӣΪһ麽Ǻ䶯ѣе֮һ⡰ƾ
һۺζţλ۾еġСѡǷˣ
һ뵽⣬˽Զһ궯׷۲ѣԶλ˵ˡ
ܹóôԴǷ꣬޾Ȼ󲨣λĵ۾ҲǷ飬Ϊ˳ϧԣ
һѰܹ֮쵽ģ
Ǯע⵽ձù̲סһߵĳϫҲǸпѡ
˭뵽һˣһеĻˣ
ϫҲЩΣֵ۾νġ顱ʵǳϰ׵ģûٹϵ
Ȼֵ۾һ㵽Լͷϡ
ˣ˱øˡ
ݵĳĬ֮۾һ̾
ǿɾͶлˣϷصðһϯ磬ְѾԻ
ֵ۾ЦдһĨظȻΪ۾ľҲ˲ѹ
ڶʹĻֵ۾һ캣̵ʯһİѩ磬⡰ƾ
˶ȼǮǿˣꡰƾˡ
ɺȻֵ۾ں

С
ó˵һöڵ飬ӵСͨӨ͸財
ȱȻ䣬Ե۾ԣ԰ںΪ죬Һܺһ㵮ڻ籾ԴУ޴Ե궼Գһö
ʴˣ£оһƬ֣ҲܼңûþһĿۡ
ϫȴֻ̾㱦̫ߣ񾳣£Ҳɲʲôó
ӾߵоԿһЩߣһɫǵ۾ǿᡣ
գһöڵ鱻λԾս۾һ¡
ٵ۾̾Ȼû´˱ҲЩź
ϧϧ
ǺǣĪһǹģǰԶȻиϡ屦֡
ۣǶԽڴ
ʱһߵţһ˳ϫڵĹҡ
һȻǽƾ
Ȼǳֵ۾ǲǰ
ڴˣҲڳϫ֮УƳһϰףεռĹ⡣
ϰ׽غһһµģ
ϫЦЦȴ˼⣬ʣһ֡񽬡ԴˣҲ֪Ƿִ

Σıȷһһ󣬵׼Ҳ֮ˮǴߣôҲԽԽҡ
ϧ඼ֻʺϵ۾ԦıϫҲֻ۰ͰͿţ۲ѡ
ͨһ֣ϫ˽⵽ٵ۾ʱ׼ıҲǿ۽硣
ܿ죬һ鱦֣һߣͨӨףȻѩӡطܵĵƣڳһɾ˵
ܵߣ
ǰϺе·ϣϫ޵һ̣˱ʱĪ䶯Ŀⶼˢˢ˹ȥ
ûλ˶ܣ۱ȻʼĲֹе۾һЩǿߣҲɱС
ȻΪ˶鱦ҲЩ۾ˣдҲԿ޵кεȴ
ϫҲĶѣߵǮ˼μۣϧǵȾʵ̫ңٵ۾ﶼɱۣһ־ڱصõļƣóϫҲֻ˳
ЩϹǣϫŷ֣ԼһǲģȻһԴһ鱦óǾˡ
գܵ߱λϺƿյ۾£ĴۣȴĿɿڴϰֿ䣬ÿһֵļֵ޷
һֻײıֻ¶ҽȥˣƲⲻһֻƿҪ˱ͻƣϧۿɾ̫ˡ
ϰȻҡͷѡ
ϫ̲סƲ죬۸ڶ˵ǿ鱦Ҫӵۣܲ
ı޲Ī⣬еļʦҲԱϾãʱᱨһ׼ۣġ
Ȼ̨ϵ΢΢һЦóһĹͷմȾŰѪգͨ巺һɻɬϢ״ͷǹǣԵù֮
һǺ
ϫҲ棬һĹͷѵһرɣ


1755 ɱ
еЩž
˶ϸǼرʱ򣬾ǿϸʱˡ
ϢɬĪһű
˴⡣
νűǰ̫ʱӴЧĪ⣬еĿ鱦ҲһЩȴ޼ֵ缦ߡ
ңϸ϶ԣűҲһرһЩΪ˵ǳĳһʷĳλµӡһЩرУŶСȵȡ
ȱȴǼΪ඼³УܹӴģ֮١
ǹűһƬմȾѪգⱦֻһױˡ
ҲΪһɱѪȵս౦
ױ˭ͷǹǳ䵱еģܡ
Ҳ˷ԡ
ԽˣӹɣȻһϺǺǣⱦ﾿Ǻεʲôá
ţ
ϰ׶һãȻ׳ϳʲôвš
ϫһϰףʲô֮

ϰȴûлش𣬾ֱҪóϫ´
ĿƣһĨ˵󣺡۸εȴۣҲһҪ֣϶ڵģ
һ̵ϰףԵׯ棬ȫͬóϫʶϰ׶ȻǴǱпһЩʲôҼΪˡ
Ҫ֪ƴһлḁ́ʱϰҲֻϲһռĪ˵ģࡣ
ã
ϫ룬㼴Ӧ
ϰ׵жϡ

λ׼Ϊ˰񾧣ڱԿʼˡ
λ쿪ڡ
£һȻһ;ı׼۾ڰ˰񾧣
ΪڹŪ飬׿͡
ʵԣеġʯûʲôڿʯڳʱû֪ڲŵʯƷʺûҪºи֪ƷʾΡ
£ҪˣΪʯ󷢺ƣҲΪʯѪ޹飬ҵ
Ű񾧡
ݵĳź̲סһۡ
һǧ򡣡
һǧһ򡣡

ϡϡıڸղţԵЩ壬ұʱԵúܱء
Ȼڲȷ˱;֮ǰû˻ȥ䵱ԩͷˡ
һֱ۲쾺ĵĳϫһǲһĨ΢Цźã˵ܹԼ©
۸һ㻺ӵһǧ߰ʱϫԸߵǮʼۡ
һǧ˰򡣡
Ǯ
һʱ֮䣬ճţκģ;ıԣѾһˡ
̨ϵλˣ˿ҲһĨϲã۸ͬԤ
˱֮ǰҲ˾ģǿɾ̫ˣҺãһЩһĴҲûѴȥһδ֪ıооˣǺ޼ֵǶҲء
еѾôûУ˱ͿɹʮŹĵˡ
ȻͲðѴĳȥ˻ǿڣѯһ䡣
ȫȻóϫһˣһ䡢Į
һǧŰ򡣡
ϫʱһ
ֹҲȻ˲ϧ´˱ѵ˵ﻹĺܲѰ
λҲЩ⣬ϳǿھ۵ģǱʮźŹĿˣھ˭ԼҲ
ǧ򡣡
ϫʾǮֱһ۸
һΣͣ٣һٴ𣺡ǧһ򡣡
ϫüԸǮۡ
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򡣡
ǧİ򡣡

Ǯϱۣÿһα֮󣬾ͻᱻԷҧ׷ϣٲȻһâļơ
ʱ˴˲˽ҲȻȻû뵽һıҲ˲ҵɱˡ
ЩҲĶҪһ˻ˮջסˣȼǮȥʮֺĶѴ´࣬ȥһ̫
ǮǵǧŰʱǮҲԥˣӣ
ϫüͷ壬ԣֵضܣۡ
Уȴڷɿݣ˭ٸԼԣѵԷҲϰһǼĲ֮ͬ
۸񲻶
еԽԽţΨǮͶԷĮȻ쳹ٲȻһŵζ
̨ϣλס촽ҧһоǾ֮ɫƻȻû뵽Ͼ˲ں񾧵
ǵģܶ˶ΪǱʮźŹԼʮŹں̧۸񣬷˭Ứôȥȱ
ȻҲų˱֮Ⱦ۸ȣܻһ鱦ǡǸܣ
ǧŰ񾧣
Ǯ𾪵Щľˣ۸ֱԷԽھͺһ۸
ϫüһҲסӿһɺݾҪǼһ﾿ܳŵʲôʱ򣬴ԼصһЩҳ
ҲڴʱǱʮźŷڲٱۣݵĳĬ֮󣬺ȻЦλѼȻԴȤǾøˣϷֻ棬ɱȥ
У͸һĨ٩ǵ⡣
˻һ˶ʱҲɹЦѣ׹һڹ׽ŪԷ
ȷЩ֣ԭһ׼۰˰񾧵ıӲһ˺̧ǧŰ񾧣һп湻ġ
Ҳֻг֮䣬Żɣ
ڼʮŷУϫɫҲǼһ﾿˭ΪҪԼ
벻ͨΪԽ麽ͷ¶棬δ˷ڣǳֵ۾ĺ
ֵ۾˿ҲڳǸһٸֻ¶ôˡ
ǺǣİɣҸұ֤ǧŰҲ
ϰƳһȻ⣬Ϊ´еޱϲ
Ҳ񾧣˼⣬ǼһΪҪҡ
ϫջûףҡҡͷ
ģǳ˵Ļģʱǻˣúóһڶ
ϰڵ
ϫ˵ͷ·Уٶ롣
ȻóһУݸһŮŮеıֵԵֵǧŰˣ鷳ùȥ콫Ǽµı
ǡ
Ůæӹת뿪
ͬʱʮźŹ
ž
һյͭƱݺˤ飬мɽ
Ǹ
ͳڷлصһݲޱȣϢˮɫ࣬һֻ˸űŰɱ
Ȼҹǵ˴۵
ֻ۵ĺɫժ£ۿһźڱΣԵù֮
ҺϷܺãܺãϷ̽ݣ򡭡ɣ
м硣


1756 ѹر
Ȼ֮ǰͳϫɱģ۵
ֻ˿̵Ϊ⣬ҲϷŪϫ
ʱȷǱŭ˼¡
磬˱ǰ˵ã
һԣ۵ȼѩʵ
㲻
۵ҡͷ̾ѣ䲻ٷŭüأ
ȻˣǼʮŹҵļһ뿪ʱֵһɱǼﲻ͵ˣ
ȼѩ˸˵һҲض໨Ѽǧ񾧣ƽױϺС
۵˼úȻ֮ǰΪһƾ۾ͳֵ۾˴˾ۣΪ˳Сӵ飬ĪǡСҲڴ˵أ
ȼѩ˼ͷпܡ
£˵Ҫɱ𣿡
۵ʵ
⡭
ȼѩԥˣҲû뵽˾۾ֵ۾ԨԴ
λ۾ɷѰɱȣԶӵиΪɱСӣλԺܻ
ˣҵľȽǼʮŵĿݴ̽ǼСӡԺҲ١
۵Щػ˻֡
ȼѩвʣɿǵʵҲֻܽȾ档
ȥ֪ͨ죬Ŀ뿪ⰵ֮󣬱ȡж
۵Ը

һֱڽС
˳ϫ͹۵ľɱ֮շˣڽʱ䣬ʱбﱻĳۣһһ䶯
ϫδ֡
һΪЩҪģǾ̫Զģǵ۾ӿϡ
ΪղŮѾأֹһ״ͷǹһرһƿҺ
ʵ˳ϫϣԭΪ﷢˭뵽μӴ˴֮ûԼȥۣԷ˹
ܿ죬׹ΪŮ߷ʱϺи߲ʺ
óϫףԷΪһꡰƾл˲ټϳϫʱıʱıʵ̫أһƷԴʶԷʱһƿҺ
ΪʲôǡҺ
ȻԷҲѲ²ϫǷһˣпѵõֵ۾İʾ
Ͼֵ۾ϺϺ֮ûϵˡ
˲֪ϫݣǺϫ̫ۣλĹϵǱѰ
һϵۺһעϺ᲻ҶԳϫˣҲǴʹԷͳҺԭڡ
Щϫе̤ʵ࣬ԷԵ޹͹һ治ȥˡ
ʱϰоһصıɫרעأԹһЩʲôǳһ㣬Ȼܵһ
ϫûд˼ͬѲһϡ
½ˡƾ͡Һ֮ѳѼȫġ
£Ψһǵľץʱ䷵̫ۣĽλ
λϫѾʣһǳ䵱̫۵ߣǡ̫Էʱ䡣
ԳϫԣȻʲô¡
Ҫǣʦѩ˵꣬ʮ꣬ǰɽţ

һѹرˣλڴá
Ȼλ˵һӾ˳˼еĳϫ̧ͷȥ
ѹָ֮ж
ȿһʲô⡭
ϰҲ̧ͷȡ
һֹ̣ǣ˶Ϣ񣬾ȴš
ռžУ͸һׯζ
һ̣˵ɫҲأЩСģ͸һ˿λѣʱĪҪ
һѰζѡ
£һλ̨߳ϣ˫һͭϻޱȣӡŰ߲ɣϢ
еĿһӱһͭϻѻȸհ˼¡
ˡ
Ŀ֮£ͭϻ򿪣һɬ첨Զе̾Ϣÿ޵жһܵһĪѹ
Щ۾ﶼ΢΢ɫӿЩƲµʲô
ѵǡ
ϰͫȻϫע⵽һ̻ЩӲЩʧصס
һݣͭϻоǺεȱ
ܿ죬˶ͭϻУһʯ¯ͨѰʯĥɣֲޱȡ
㡢¯Բڻɫ󣬾һ
һĹϢ¾ͷɢʱϣ䡣
һɲǣ˻һԿء
˸Ȼɫ䣬Ϊ֮һϣģĿһ˼񼣷һ㡣
ǣ
һ̣ϫҲǸܵһɷͬѰϢԺ˵һֳһֲĻ档
һƬĵĺǿգһԼӰϥʯ¯Уʱղϴ󣬺һƬƬϣɹһһ򾳣һξǧš
ͬĶû䣬ɫ֣ӰģϡܿݣϷ绪
׷ѰʲôһֱڰǰС
ڶʲôòһ·ǰһͻ֮֡
ڲš
ֱһԼӰԽԽģԽԽ翣ƾҪ
ġ޷ô
һ̾Ϣ쳹͸޾į˸С
ϫһ𣬱һ޷ݵĹ¶֣Ʊ٣ҡ
䣡
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ⱦ﾿ʲô֪ܲ͸ҵ񣡣
Ů˭
ϫߣ
ϣϰޱȵ
óϫ˲ö룬̧ͷȥͼϰ׻ڣʲôһֲظϢ
ϰףôˣ
ϫһЩֲֻһѹرֹԼ¶ԺϰҲܵÿɲӰ졣
ߣĶԽԶԽã
ϰҧԵñޱȡ
ǣԱߵǮŮԶûܵκӰ죬˿̽ԶȻųϫϰףȻϷʲô
ã
ϫһסٴƳһǴеʯ¯㲻ٳɣתϰ뿪
ˣǮǻ˵ỹûæ
ǡԪ񱦣
죡
⡭Ȼģ
̤ң㴫һʧ͸𺧣ţһƬ
ϫӰһͣĬƬ̣ջһҧֱȥ
Уȴǻ㱲ѣԪ񱦣ǴϸԪӴıô
ϰ׵˵ȱǽӵ֮һעǱ³
ǡô˱
ʯ¯Ǻʱģ


1757 ¯
أ
ʮźŷ۵һ𣬱ǵȻһ졣
ȻһƷŰɫѪͫ𾪶΢΢԰׵գԵùɭȻޱȡ
磡
һԵȼѩ˾ûȻվ𣬲ʲô
Ԫ񱦣ȻǼԪ񱦡Ǵٵװ
۵δţʧૡ
٣
һĮĹ۵ʧǵģȼѩȻһ
ߣ
۵һ̣ͲõϵѪգתȥ
𣿡
ȼѩȻ
ⶫǺǣҪ뿪

Ϻ⡣
紵棬ϫ侲
֮ǰһĻĻ̫ˣһʯ¯ѣǰɲ󣬾ϰҲʧأδ̫ɲˡ
ӹɣǱһԪɡ
óϫ벻׵ǣ´˱ӵ֮ΪݣԴϰףҲӦʧ̬Ŷԡ
ѵʯ¯пһЩʲô
뵽⣬ϫ̲ס˿ϰףȴɫһ겻ģҲ֪˼ʲôԵúǰ
ӣ뿪ô
Ǯ׷ʵ
뿪
ϫԥ
һΰ֮УѾջˡƾ͡񽬡ģҲʱ÷̫ˡ
Ǯˣóһ񹂣͵飬һŻٿȻС
Ȼ󣬳ϫǮһ̤УٿȻʧ

˸뿪ã۵ȼѩ˵ӰȻ֡
ô
۵üϴһĨ㵡
֮ǰȥǼʮŹĿݣȴû뵽Է֮ǰһĿꡪǸˣ
֮˴ҪԸģͬһĿ꣡
磬Ǹãϱڶ֮࣬ǰеһֻҪɱνһãٺòˡ
ȾѪĿ˸һĨ֮ɫ
СӡǺͳֵ۾۾ԨԴ
۵Щɡ
λ۾ֻھһԪ񱦣ֻҪ֮ǰɱСӣ뿪Ϻ򣬵ʱ˭ҵǣҸƫԶȶһʱ䡣
ȼѩЩż磬ѾԥˣѼҲˡ
۵ˣɫãһҧ֪ͨ죬һԭȼƻж
ȼѩϲˣ

麽ǡ
ǰ㷱ַǷ
ϫǱǮϰһŽֵȥ
ո̿ϴֵϴϢˮ˷
ͰеķΧȣַΧûóϫƽȲ١
Ҫˡ
ĪأһֱĬϰ̾
ϫһ̲סʵ֮ǰ˺£
֮ǰµǼͬҲϸԪһʥͷǡ
ϰûлشϫἰһͷǹǵı
ŲʥױϸԪӵо춯֮Ĵߣĵڡ
ϫȻô˵ĻǱǾ൱һλͷǹǣ
ʥ׵ͷǣıǣӡйļ䡢ԼµģֵϸԪһһµĺƽ٣˲һᡣ
ϰ׵͸һ˿ζԪԣһʵЩ飬˵һּԪҲԣעᱻݡ
˶٣ϰ׺ȻͷȻⶼص㣬صÿ俪ʼȱҲζšѣ
ѣ
ϫüӺ֮ǰؽѣΪ֮˵̫Ͻ̲ˣѶԴϰϰΪЩľ
£ȷЩ޷⾿ʲôĽѣϰľء
ǺǣԭˣҲʲôֶʥױпƳһЩö
ϰ̾˿˭룬Ͼһ¯ˣ
˵⣬Щ꣬ҧϸԪԣǻһԪ˵޿˭ӵ͵ܵıӣܣǡֻ֮ף
ϫоþ޷ƽ¯һԪˣԣֱ̫˼
ǰ˵ȱˣ
ˣ֮ǰɴһ¯пһЩʲô
ϰ׺Ȼʵ
ϫü׷һ¯д󣬿Խ磬Ưǿգˣ¯лϥһŮˡ
ƺ׷Ѱʲô£һˣǰУǺƺҲɱˡ
ϫһ뵽֮ǰһĻĻоͽסӿһĨ¼š
Ҳܲʣҡҡͷһһ
ŮˣԦ˶¯
ϰɫ֣ѰһܼԪ֮ĳ·ϧվ˶¯ԣӦҲûгɹ
˵ϸԪ֮Ԧ¯Ѱٳ·
ϫ𾪡
Ӧˡ
ϰ׳ȻݺҡҡͷٺЦˣ޹أûʲô˵ġ
˵⣬һָֻһĵԣСһ֪һкǲĻŵĺܣ£׶ѣϹӴ񣬿ɲ֪˶ٴ٣ɲ棬Ҫ𡭡ɲô׵顣
ԭϫЩûصֻһۣһ䣬ȴûһ¶
ҡҡͷһжϰ׵ƶ϶ѣԶ϶ֺαȥ죿
ϫҪչһʱ䣬úòʥױǣûҵıӣԼҪСˡ
ϰ׺ȻֺٺЦſڣһȵģұչضһ̣˵ܰһЩϸԪϷʱɱ̫жˡ
չҿ֮á
ϫһֿʼˣһקסԷǴֱؽڡ
ûϰ׵룬ʱ֮䣬綼徻ˡ
ৣ
ûгɣϫӰ˸뿪麽ǣǿɶݶȥ

תǳ˸ƮҷƻõĹ
ϫǿУԶԶһǣһ·ľҲЩп
һ۶ѣʱȥˣҲ֪λ̫۵׼ˡ
ϫóһ֦뿪̫ʱһͷ¹ֻҪ۶ϣǰӦ
ڳϫ۶֦ʱһȻԶǿմ
ɶҹǵɺޣ㡭Ҫʲô
ŭ͸һĨֺ̿ͱС
ϫжһ٣۾Զȥ
һɲǼ䣬ϫ͸֪ڼԶһϵУһ۾Ӱ׷ɱһŮӣȵŮɢ
ŮΣ֮ʱ⣬ӶݣȴѶԷ׷ɱ
ɺޣ
ϫзһĨĹ󣬽е֦ȻһӰ㳯Ǳȥ


1758 ҫǿ
׷ɱŮ֮ˣ۾䣬£ޱȡ
ҹǵɺޡ
ּΪĳһƬԣϺˣŮס޷ѡ
ҲͽͣýｻǱɡ
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ɶҹǵѵͲǴ
ŮӼУ͸ž
ߣȻˣɱ治ˣ
ɺ͵һХ̽һץƷ̽ƣһƬʢԽ֯ѹȥ
ϫִʱͿһ
ûӰһ֣˺ʱգһ̱Ůߡ
䣡
ɺͷųһϫӲ걬顣
ʱϵŮӷٲɡ
лѣлѣ
Ůһ¶ϲ֮ɫɿ쳯ϫ߿Ҫ񣬱л⡣
ڴʱϫߺȻһĨȣ͵̽һץʱסŮʺ
ʵŮϣ⧲֮£ܣʱܡ
һӣɫȻ԰ףǿЦѣ㡭Ҫʲô
ֹɺҲЩ⡣
꣡
ϫСƵĽŮʺסͬʱָ̽Ů˫һʱһ
ͣ
Ůӵ˫ֹǱ飬һϸţëڹıϫ˫Ŀݺݴȥ
ڰ;ͱϫָס޷һ˿
ڹ⾹һֻϸĳӣϸһö룬ͷų˵Ĺ
û´ҹǵ˵嵱ҳðɣ
ϫƳŮһۣú߽ס˸
ɫѱѿޱȣҧȻ֪֮ǰֺαң
ôҪûôס
ϫȻ
ɫױ࣬û뵽һɺ޾Ĳõ壬ᱻԷʶƣҽƾͼƣԼһ
žžž
Զɺعƣ̾ѹȻǻ棬
˶٣ʶȻѾʶƣ˳ãҲһ͵ҽѣΣ
ϫЦЦǸǿɲ䵱ĳѡ
ɺɫһô˵Ǵƴˣ
ô⡣
ϫͷƵᡣ
ɺ磬ӳϫãȻЦʱҲ᲻ɱãȻҲͼıɣղŵȷǲԣֻҪŹãٲһʲΣ
ĳͼĿɲǲơ
ϫ˵⣬ĿһɨܣλȻѾˣֺαٶزأ
ûˣ㼴㿴һУѵΪ𣿡
һ䡢ĮӰٿȻԶǿӿ֣Ȼҹǵ˵Ĵ۵񡢶ȼѩˡѪ档
Сһּˡ
Ѫ΢΢һЦ
СӵıֵǵȷЩҵϣҶ̲סǡ
ȼѩ˹ڡ
Ǹһ֣ͷֱڲͬλɺһ𣬽ϫ·׷
ڴˣϫɲĿһһɨˣˡ
Ѱζ
ֵ̫Ȼݣù۵˽ԶüԼоЩס
˳ãϷΣҵȻ˵ĻǴδʧŹһ㣬Ӧ
۵ڣǲȻ
ȻΣ
ϫʵ
һ֪С
ҪѰ·ˡ
Զڣŭѣǵȷû뵽úһ֣ᷢչز
۵һֻУâ磬ӳϫãȻĪЦϷϣ֮ǰС㣬ϷҲ¸㣬վǵ۾ˣҲһ
Ŷ
ϫüëЦǱҲá
꣡
£һӲŤǳõĲ궼һ飡
ʼգûüһҽС
̫ˡ
˴ֲ
Ȼصһϫֽʬ嶪ȥŵȻˣڣǿΪͬ鱨ˡ
ƽһ΢С¡
㣡

۵ȼѩˡѪ桢ɺλԶŭĻ뵽СӾ˵־Ͷ֣һٽǵͬĨɱ
⳹׼ŭǣеɱڶ
֣
ȾѪ˱Ǻ屩ŰѰ಻סһͼһ˹ɭɭᦡ
¡
һҡһƬƵɷӿԼй񺿣ʬҰѪŭƬһ绯ɭ
ͬʱ
Ѫһ׹ǽͨһſͷƣѪ⣬ʱնȾ죬ޱȡ
һ࣬ɺӿƤϸһӲۣͷǣһ˷˵Ĺƾһӱ
¡
һ̣ǺȼѩһǴӲͬ򳯳ϫɱȥ
Щҹǵ˵죬һӵΪݺŰǿ֮ǧ꣬Ϊ˷ĺ˲֪ѪȺɱ¾
ܹң񣬱֤ǲֹսΪǿᣬҲǲթı㡣
˿̣Ǹһ֣ͶɱУĬٲȻһϾɱģ
ȷǵܣ׺ޱȣսʽҲԵ쳣֣һ־Ҫɱˡ
鲻֮ƣֻ¶ᱻŵøεѣ겻ˡ
һпѲסϫ
ȼѩˡѪ桢ɺһֵͬʱϫҲˡ
ϣ
һŰɫͨϲɣϢ񽣣һ˳ϫС
س
һĪ⣬߱˼Ĵ֮
ɲǼ䣬Ȼһ䣬ÿһëж⣬ֱʮأֱƸʼ٣˻ġ
ৣ
һִͨĽڿգնʱգ龭γһ޿ƥе̬ɨ
һɲǣɫ䣬Ƭϵڰɢҵ
أ
һ죬ǧ飬һ񱦱նΪ룬ᦵȼѩǻֱӱնһѷ죬Ѫʹѡ
һ׹ǽ飬Ѫұ۱ն׷ɰգѪ
ͬʱܲ۵ɺޣֵסһɨȴ㱬飬Ѫ
һĻʵֲ̫
һλݺ߳ڣԶΪˣ
ԶսֵĹ۵һʧ⡭Ǳ𺳵޷
ǿɲ֪ʱϫԵƷɣ͹ұϹͥ
һۻʼ֮֮ʵѱǵһŵĸ߶ȡ
ټǰЩΪͻơԭʼľڶ֮ʵٴ
£ǻʲôͳϫ
ã
мˣ
ӣ
һȼѩˡѪ桢ɺ޵ĵð㶼ɢĻҳɣĥ³ıܣǺԥͲ̶ֻӡ
ৣৣৣ
ɾӶݵһɲǣͻͽʱգ֮Х
Сģ
ԶĹ۵Ŀѣ˻ߴ


1759 ۾
أأأ
һһѪըʢǿе͸ļµѪȡ
һɲǶѣȼѩˡѪ桢ɺ̱ȫʬ³ޱȡ
Ҳû뵽˴Ŀֻ꣬Ϊȴܷӳս
۵һпУһ䣬촽ֹɼܵ˺εȴ𺳡
֮ǰ˵Ҫ̽ĿһУٶҲ٣ϧȴǻ裬ߵһ
˵ñ룬Ƿŭһ̵Ĺ۵񣬾ǳر侲
СһΪ˸ۣ
۵Ȼժڱ۵ĺɫ֣ת˳ϫ
һɲǣ۲ٱһź֣Ǳ¶˿С
һֻ۾
Ụ̃ޱȵĹӿһػɬʱնȾɫ
ǹ۵ۣأҹǵ˵Ĵ죬Щ겻֪˶ɱ
ֻһֱδ˼ۣʹһصɫʣ֮Ϊۡ
۵ֻض̵ʱϫҲһݣһɲǣһֱ˿ŵĵܵĸоһ
֣ɱ͸ŹϢļһɾڴʱ
꣡
۵һֻ۾͵ر飬ʳһưɫѪɷǺˡ
˸ǷһҽУ˫ֱͷʹൽ˼£ڳ鴤
ţ
ϫüĿɨܣѵڰгֲɣ
㡭㡭ȻǡӦ١ߣֲãֲʥͷǡҡúް
۵𣬾ŭƷ˲˼飬ϴ
ȼӰҪʹۻʧޱȵľʹĥö϶
ϫסУЩɣѵΪԼʹǼһĹ۱飬Ӷģģ
ϷҲԶˣ
ĴЦУǹ۵˱ٻʧΨǿлصš
ĿһУϫס˼УȻ
ףԭ۵ǸԼʥױǵļһҲǱʮźŹҵˡ
ԭһﵱǹ׽ŪԼѴڴ˽ɱԼĿȻΪ˶һʥױǡ
ҲܺýˣǻΪڴˣԵȻԼ
ֻǡӦʲô
ֻصӣִԼϿʲôΪλȻжʧ䣿
ǹ۵ϫԵһвмһˣȻ޷˼۵̺Ϣ
һɲǣһ¯ϰ׿еһ
ȻϫüëһĿԶǿա
ҲͬʱһƬȻϼڿգһջҫ۶Ŀ
ϼϣһֵΰӰ˿ݣȴţɽӣضɫ䡣
ϫͫʱȻһû´ԷȻϺƿյ۾
ڰϵʱǵãԷһһ鱦ܵߡ
ʱϰ׻ԼЦԷΪһ鱦ķ˹ײı̫㡣
ɳϫȴû룬Է˿
˲һȫҹǵ죬ΪϹһŶ޵ߵ֪ȻΪСѸ蹦̵£ǧ
۾̾˵ʱٿȻߡ
ҲóϫʱԷݿ㣬꣬һϮӻƵƣɷһ˲֪µĵ۾Ϲһɡ
ǰˡ
ϫ˹֡
ǺǣСĪҪǫ飬սԿƾˡ
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ϫȴüͷһ壬ȻЦԭղţǰѽһпˡ
۾ɫ΢΢һ͡
ڴʱϫһնˡĽɱ֮ǿĽţʽݺݳ۾նɱȥ
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ţ
۾ɫһ̧һӣһĨӿ֣赭д֮䣬ͽϫһĨĨ
СѣǺ⣿
һ̣۾Ӱһ׷ȥ
ϫԣȫӶݣư۾˺ˮһ㡣
Сѣٲֹɱֱˣ
۾ˣɫһǴһĨ⣬ǿпǿҪ׷ϳϫ
ƾŲٶȣܿһ۾һλ֮ĲǺε֮
ϫһ㣬вһȻóһ֦ȻٿȻֹת׷۾û´ҹǵ˱ʹ߰ɡ
۾ϫӶݣҲֹɵ仰ʱٿȻһĨɱһš
һ̣ЦԭСǻˣҲ㣬˭øղűǡɾͳǵսأ
̹̹һģ
ˣϫȴǷһĨڽĻȣˣҵҲỳɣǹ۵֮ǰ˵켴ǵ۾ǰҲȲҡ
ʱҾڻɣ۵˴ģֱʱҶʱ׹ڰ۾ǰҲᱻ㵲ȥҲǣ
۾ȻСѣδ̫أЩˣЩһֱܾƿյչ࣬¿˽֪ܻⰹ಻ҹǵ˹һ𣿡
չô˭֪չأǼٱչأ
ϫΪοʱϺھһѹر۾Ψִһ˿һ۾ȴԵ޹ܵЩ˵ȥˡ
۾ɫһõСѣ񣬿ɱֱˣ
һ۾ƣ˭ֻ¶ŭ֪ˣֻ»ϫ֪ô·ϲɡ
ϫǵһĨȴŨˣǺã۾֮ǰδı棬ʶΪҪң
۾һĬȻ̾˿ЦСһЩˣ֮Ȼǡ
˵⣬͵һֳ̤ϫɱ
䣡
ָ֣ӿɲܻΪһƬȻϼƼֱ˵˼¡
һ۾֣Ѱɱˣο˭õһ۾һȻѣ
һж̫죬֮һɲ֮ɣ˵ǳϫǻһλ۾£ֻҲᱻ͵Ϯˡ
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ϫƱסһδӦһΨɫɳ£ԵЩۡ
أ
һ춯صĺ𣬷Բϵ𶯣ʯ飬ǳҡҡ׹ʱնΪҺɢԵúޱȡ
ȻϫӰȴԭأʼ˿鶼δһ˿仯


1760 ɱ۾
ҵǿգĳϫһһԱȣһǿҵӾ
һ̣Ǻ
Զ۾ȴһͷ񿥷Ƿİɫ¹ݺݼ̤ڽ£ǻӲ¹һֻӶѪʶƾ޷
һĻԵҪΪġ
һӵתǬ֮ĵ۾ڣ˿̾һֻ¹ѹ
ͷ¹Ȼ̫۵İ¹
ڸղű۾׷ʱϫѽһ֦۶ϣϵأ¹ˡ
ıȳϫԤĻҪ죬Ϊ۾̸ʱ¹ѳ֡
ֻΨϫ۾ʼվûв¹Ĵڡ
һõʱĳϫжϳͷǷİ¹ʵԶԶ۾֮ϣ
ʶ۾ȻɱʱŻֵ򶨣˴ݡ
ʱ۾һ֮£ͱ¹̤£ǻƿʱϫȴ޷ˡ
Ϊ¹Եºͣʥ࣬˭룬չֳսȻ˿ɲ
ֲãܹλߵģԲѰ֮ˣһͷޡ
ϫаԸп

㡭㾿˭ƺδɣ
۾ڡ
һΣͷҲǱֵüΪ򶨣ֻǻľʹɫЩҰףǻأѪģΪˡ
ûе˺̫۵Ŀˡ
¹ͬҲһǰǰºͣһֻأһа㣬۾ǻƽһơ
̫ۣˣ̫۹ߵһͷ̵¹
۾ʧ޷ƽȻϳ˰¹ɫһӱûҰ
Ļ뵽˴ҪɱһСһ̫۹Ŀˣ
֪ˣĸô
ѣ֪߲˴εȷǱЩðʧˣԸΪ˸һЩۣܷŹһ
𾪹۾ڣġ
һ룬ܹΪһ۾Ȼˣ£ܱڣȸ㲻ʲô
Ȱ¹ڣϫֱӵܷ
˵ţӰһ¹ߣɫ粻۾ҹǵλĻʹ߿Ԫס
۾ЦСѣֻڸղԷ۵ʱѳֺ֣ȵڣ
ٴϢһŵұ֤ǵʱ֣ɾôɱˡ
ԴǿУҲ
ϧϫȴǲ飬Ϊ֮ǰ۾Ȼ֮䳯֣֤ԷȻҪɱԼ
ǺǣôαҲ²ⲻʱ֮Բֻ֣Ҫ֣֮ҹǵ˰ˡ
ϫô޷ǵĶԷй¶ݣǧΪϹĹС
۾ĬƬ̣̾ϢСѣ˵ΪβǣƫҪȵڣ֮һУ
ϫɫĲмѺΣܼ򵥣ѾƾЩҹǵлõĲƱԼĿģҲһܵߣѾüֵ𣿡
۾ĬˣγĬʱãȻ̾Ϣһ۾Ϊһ鱦һȺܰԼƣСѣδ̫Сﱾˡ
Ϊȷ̫ˣǰľƿǵ۾ٳ޷ͻƣΪƾ£ѾеĻķһգ۾ٱǷծ񡣡
Ͷ·֮£һ۾ҲòһЩùֶȥı
¹Ȼڣ䣬綴Ϥ۾ܣúȻɫ䣬޷򶨡
㡭㡭ɣš
Ϊʲô֪ôܼ򵥣Щǰ̫۰ݷҼ˵޵ߺܶ࣬вٱծǡ˵Щ顣
¹˵
һ仰ѹյһݣ۾ˡ
ƷеǱΣǿ֪޷ʹࣿǿ֪±ζȹģ
ǲ
һ̫۹̵ߣһǹĿˣκ󣬽Զӭж⣬ֻǵƿյϵһ壬ɢޣɣƿ˭˭ܰﱾɹѹأ
Խ˵۾ԽǼʧأзǿգƲ
ܵʹʹܣ⣿Լȥȡб֮ɾͣ
¹Ȼδ
ϫȴЦ֪㿪ʼȡͬô
ৣ
سٿȻն£ͷ­ն䣬Ѫ䣬ŭĿԲԲųϫɱ
ϫ㡭
¹Щ⣬Ҳû뵽ϫ˵־Ͷ֡
Ǵ½һСһߵģұʲôȡɱ޹ԴڸԼУԲȡͬ顣
ϫȻ˵
ǵģһ·ͬԼŬһ·ս񣬲֪˶նѪȣһߵ˽졣
۾һͽϹУ۾ĥ֮࣬ϫ
¹Ȼ赭дһ仰У̺ŶٵѪ᣿

۾һϵıȻΪ˳ϫսƷ
źǣ۾ϺʱΪ˾һܵߣȷ˹ײı˴˱֮⣬ϡ֮
ûٳɣ¹ųϫʱնȥ
ת֮䣬ٴһƬ뵵֡
ԣľףɢʥࡢ͵Ϣ
ش˵أóϫľ̤ʵݣκηƶ֮ɢ
¹ǰߴ·һ˵ֻѼģԿ¯۵ˡ
ϫһҲһĨڴ
ʯ·̫ܿС
ǳϫˣĽ¹㿪ʼеɣڼ䣬мǲκ˽С
һ̫ۣλƮƮ죬Ȼ͸һĪϡ
Ԥϵϫܹɹһ㡣
ϫһǾǰˡ
˵ţѼװ봢ݸ¹ڿУȻת̫߳ۡ
ӦλĵȻǳ䵱̫ʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬λУԻ᲻ϧһдֹۣκ˽̫ڡ
ֱһƬ֣ϥУһ㽫ܵ˳
һ˲õ鱦۾ڼҾۣѰɱȣ۾˹ײıҲ¡
񣬴˱Ϊ˳ϫ֮֮仯ɼֶ޳Դ⡣
ˡ
ϫתһܵ߹⻬羵ıϣʱһĨƵ첨


1761 ͫ⨺
׷ףʥȻ
һܵӳѣͷųѤϼ⣬ȡ
ܿ죬˿˿ƵĹ߽֯룬ճһ貵Сˣеׯϡ
һ˲䣬ϫܵԼԴĸ֪Ȼ綼òͬ
ӨӨʵϪڵҵǣ϶ѻҶϣ޲ӿһĵ
Σȴĥ
ɴʱϫȴ˴ĺۼЩϻǳԣѰɸϫȴ޷ء
ˡ
ܿ죬ϫһյʼתȫ˲ϢһľС
̤֮󣬳ϫƿص壬ϤܻΪ֮ЩѱҰΨп֮Ԧ
Ȼ˿̣ҪϫԼȥƿأЩ֮ѱȺھȻתӿֳ壬ܻͷųƵ⡣
ЩܵϵС֮䣬γһֶϵңӦ
£ϫԲԼĸͨ͸Ҳ̡
ණԭΪȫգڲŷ֣ܸ룬ϵܻкͰ
ñ
ϫо̾ˣ̫ˣһ鱦ȴӵݴܻеܣɷһ񱦿ɱȣƺ
һ£Ҳ׹ȭͷСС룬ׯϣܵеġࡱܹΪΣóϫ֪仯кͰ
ϫͨࡱȡ壬ͬڣʹΪһ壬ܵİǰδе
ȥвϣž⣬ȴбʣﵽͨڻЧԭʱҪ䡢̣ף
ָоͺһз߲ΪɾһɬΣװס
ǻΪ򣬶
һ̣ϫ򣬹ֲ۾Ϊƿ޷ͻƽ֮Ϊλעһһϣܵϡ
Ϊ鱦ȷ̫죬ϫ
ԺڲʱҲһЩһܹᵽгֳкͰ壡
ܵߵãҲ鱦ͺ鱦ĲͬƲκιɵݴܻеãκ޵ߴѡ
ϫһֱӵ֮ܵԼԺڲʱøףͻҲӴݣ

쿪ʼϫȻһˣʼУͬʱ䵱ߵݣԷֹ޵߽̫С
ף涡ϪˮȣľʥϢ
ľ䡣
ϫ׷ǣңǣľǰδеİס
ӽϹЩ꣬һֱڱҪô׷ɱҪôһ粨Уδͣٹ
ڿͣľҲǵͷţҳôʱ䣬Ҳӹҵ;ͬһк
ͳ֡
ĥ£࣬䷨
Ǿޣһܽᣬʴ˷ڴ֮;ߵøԶ
֮۳ԶУ;ͬ飬޶¡
Ϊĥ½ΪǳϫһС

־סóϫ㡣
䣬ȥ
ɽ޼ӣ겻֪ꡣ
֪䣬ǴҴȥ
ӵнԪ޵߶ԣҲָһӼ䣬㲻ʲô
ʱУδʲôһж
Գϫԣľޣȴʵٴη仯
ϣһСɵزɵزԴƿشﵽһȫ¸߶ȡ
ڽΪϣҲʶز֮֮һҡ
ڵΪΪδ̫仯Ҳǵõ˽һĴȹ̣ʵ
ۺһĳϫǰȣսͬն
֮ʷͨ񣬾񡢵ۼԼϫĵۻʼ
ǰΪǳ֣ڡڡڣ۷Բ֮
һʣһΪǳɹΪһࡣ
ϫΪȴӵŵۻʼʣʵޱȣͬǿ֮ϡ
ʶĽΪԭʼľڶ֮ΪԼƿصġĽͬӵвƥ֮
˵Ϲֻ¶ҲܹͳϫʺսƤ۵ͬˡ
ϫҲδĿͬϣǷζԿ۾ϱߣ
֪һ㣬ֻ·Ǹоϫ˲ɡ
ֻгϫԼһ·УΪԼ̵ֽҪ󣬷ӵ˽ܡ
ǺѰ֮ȣԿԺޱȣǡʲô壿
ǿ󣬽ֻһʱǿ
ǿ󣬲һλ޵߱ᶨ׷

ʱУ̫һ㶯ҲûУֹλ۴ϡ¹Ů۶һֱδ֡
ϫҲǣʱ磬ʱأʱȷ֪һ¯۵Ƿɹ
ֻϫֵǣʱ䣬ϰ׾Ҳħһ㣬ڲҹһʥױǡԵúǷ

һ죬ϫϥеһʯԴȻһɫӰһΣǧƵģһ˳ϫǰ
һֻɫ峺ڣƤëȻɢŽӲӵĹһһһȻ
ЩżԭأץؿųϫԥҪҪѳϫ
ѣǰ£
Ȼϫ۾Ѳɫִ
ϵöԷһͷͫ⨺һӵͨ仯ɶ֮У۹۰˷֮ˣӵв˼ܡ
ŭʱһڵӾͻữΪɫһգսᷢ츲صı仯Ϊˡ
ڵִ̫ʱϰ׾棬Դ֮Ķ
֨֨
ϫͫ⨺ϲüЦȻ˫֣˵ѵѣȥпǰݷˡ
ϫüëһ⻹еһпǰ⡰̫Էִܹ˵صģݿɶͬСˡ
ǰ¹ȥӴˣλ̫бչأȲ£Ҳֻڳϫͷˡ

ϫ𣬵СҴ·
Сͺã۴Ϲ˻ҵġ
ͫ⨺鶯ãһЦץסһֻ֦һͳԶӶȥ
ˣϫҲӰһȥǺ棬߾Ǻηʥˡ
ȻϣǰĿǴʦѩ


1762 
ĿԶռطΧҲǼΪ
ϫŽͫ⨺Сһһ󣬷һƬϿǰ
Ͽǧ𣬹ᾣмֻһ᫵С·ۣ֪ͨδ
СӰһݣϿǰʯһβŷɿеѵѣǿִˡ
ϫһݣ˵һ泯ϿվϾ̫۵ߣԵ͵ְ
ˡ
ûãϿкȻһĲһĨɫӰٿȻС·ϣƮȻ
ϫҪԣɵԷݣʱһУЩɣô
ŮһϮȹѣ֫ϸ޳
һŽޱȵ˾ޣüȴһƬȻĮͷųϢ͸һǿζ
̫ϽǿҶ
ڸմĩ֮ǰϹʱŮ˾һ·׷ɱϫüβ١
ջƾʱ󣬷һٻܶԷˣòԶݶӡ
ʱϫΪźδܽԷ£˭룬Էվͨص̫Է
νۺ죬ϫǲ⣬һɲǼ䣬ɫͱ䵭
ţô㣿
ҶҲ˳ϫһȻһЩɲ
Ҷþòˡ
ϫ俪ڡ
ȷǺܾòˡ
ľȣҶָܿ
ע⵽ϫϢӵΪʱһһƬ
СӲŽϹʮʱ䣬ǱԼϴʱһ󾳽磡
ֱЩ˼顣
Ҫ֪ǵãϫڱԼ׷ɱʱŲΪûãһٽ֮
ٴʱԷӵΪβ˳Ծ
գһʱ֮Щš
ϫڿǣҶ̫λʲôϵΪλ֪һصִڴˡ
ҶҲڰȣһɽӣ̫У
Ȼ˽ԶĴһ˿ǣ̫۵Ĵڣû˺֡
ǳϫҶֻѲһж֣Է֮ˡ
ԭϵλٺòˡ
һԶʯϵСһЦ˳Ĭֻͫ⨺ȻûϫҶ֮ĹϵЩԾ
ʲô
ϫһеɱʵ
ʲô
ҶʣüһƬĮ
㲻ɱҽȥˡ
ϫﾡ
Ҷŭȴǵÿ·򡭡ɲܹеģ
أ
ϫ۾ŮˣȷԷδͻƵۻʾ֮еɱЩƲסˡ
գʱ֮ɱޱȣţһ֮ƣƬضš
λǡ
Сʶԣһವһ£ԶԶ㿪еλѣлú˵̫ۣҼ֪ɻή𷣵ġ
С㲻ضܣ̫ۣԲ֮˵ˡ
ϫȻڣ˵ʱĿһֱҶԼɱ
ޡ
СһԵúܹɣЦĻҾͲġ
˵ţӰһܣǻһĨʧ
Ȼһɽӿش˵أǺǣû뵽
Ҷ֮ȴЦڡ
ϣ
ϫسһ糱쳹أҵޣٲ⣬ɱҲˡ
һ̣ҶϸӳϫãȻЦˣЦ쳣ãޱȡ
ȻǳϺ鶼ִ֡
һĪĻϫü
ӦҶ˫ָȻɱңͬ޲ɱ㣬ϧ˴ǰĳλУһº͹̣ÿ˴£ɳе𡣡
֮ɡ
ϫĬƬֱ̣궯ɱǿ԰ȥſڣ
ҶǼ٣ҲöԷʱ̤̫ۣΪλ
˵Ҷһλ۾ǰҲͬˡ
ꣿ
Ҷüһ壬ɫױϫѾ˵ˣ˴£е𣡡
ȻΪϫڹѡ
˵ȥĻҲظڶ顣
ϫˣֲƲסԼɱŮ˻ǲֺô磬ֻѽɱԽͷ֮ޣĻϻڡ
ϫ
ҶȻ׼ŭȻһ䣬ޱȣ֪ҵݣ
仰ԵúĪϫǸоŮЩ׳ˣѵ֪Լ̫Ͻ̴ˣ
һϫֱ飬Ҷ֪ԼţˣнסһɴܸУ촽ҧ޺޵Ȼ̫Ͻ̳֮һͬʱҲҶϴˣǹӻ۴ϵ׽㣡
ηŭм
ʲô
ϫһʲôңҶǻ۴ϵĽʱȴǽסЩԾ
ˡЩ鷳ˣ
ߣ
Ҷ˳ϫһۣͳǰȥ治ţ;֣ܶұ֤ỹ֣
ϫһʱЩ׼ԷѿҪʧҰУʱɫһ
ৣ
һ̣ӰһسһĨҫƥĽƾնɱȥ
Ķˣ
ҶӰһͣû£ļһ̵ֱ˼£
Сӣ㻹浱㣿
͵һ䣬һѩ׳ƿգܻ࣬ʱգ¡ϯȥ
أ
ͳ޽棬âƼΪɲ
ɹǣЩײδɢһſ˸һɫԣͽһлΡ
Ȼǵ̫ԷǵӦűһνƻ
ŵŵţ
ˣҶȴǱõ˳ɫɷŭЩû뵽ĳϫսǿ
ৣ
Ӧϫٴɱ򽣻ԣ˼¡
һ̣սһš
ȻҶѸǳϫ֣Ƭʱ䣬ͱϫɱμ穣Ǳֻǿмܣ֡
ŭɣû뵽֮ǰĳϫս졣
Ҫ֪ǧʱ䣬ӵ׿Խʣ̤۷Բ磡
˭룬κβһڡ
䣡
ûãҶصһɣ棬޷ɢңȹ¶һӨѩĽۼǱˡ
㡭
Ҷһѵʺһ֮أͷŵɱ̼һ㼦ƤкֱðٲҶһ˿
ֻ̧ͿϫֽڸһԨоɱ
Ǹоڸһֻֻܱϡ
ҶһΪԼųеͳ裬סŭеô֣㲻Ǻôɱң


1763 
Ҷ˿ѳŭȫʧء
û뵽ǰԼȫѹһСһ񾹳ɳز
ƾڵΪһٽԼѹʼԼǺ޷أ
޴Ҷһʱȫ޷ܡ
Ǵ˿̣Ŀóϫһʤߵ̬ԼʱҶļֱŭ߳ܵ˱ĵز
ɱң
ҶأԷŭС
ϫȴջسתԶȥڣ׼̤̫һɱҰ
ûֵˣ
ҶʢŭųϫԶȥıӰŭ
ǵѪƬ⾻ΪܻڣʵʵţңһƲסɱ㣬ʱڶ
ϫǵȻԶƮһ˿ɫʡ
ҶҧгݣһޱȣӿһĴܸС
ô
һɳ֮죿
ѵ紫ԣұ롢Ʒ񾳴ҲһУ
ɵʱŽӵΪ
أҶǰЩӵһţ
֮૵һʱȻһƷۼ˵дԵս˱̬ˡ
֨֨
ʱԶһϣһֻɫ鶯Ӱǽͫ⨺С
ͷԵؿҶ֨֨ЦѣЦ²壬ѩ׼֣ɫйǱ
ͷЦʲôЦЦĺԣ
ҶҧݺݵСһۣȻվһ磬֡
һ̣ѻһոȹѡ
˭֪СʱȴһͷԵģ۾ֱҶɫЩС
Ҷһ˿Լȹδ¶ʲôñ¶ĵطЩɻѵɵ˲ɣ
ȵȣ
Ӻǡͫ⨺
ʶһ㣬Ҷüһ޾ɫҧСղš㶼ˣ
С˵ͷлһ̿ˮԵúܳʵ
Ȼ֮ǰһСԼ۾͸Ҷڱεԣ·컾
ǿҶУȴױߣеҪĳӣ͵ﻻ·
˵ʱһӾͳСݺݳȥ
Ů߯Ҫղſ㵱ҵ滻·ģǹֵСˣ
СȴһЦ֦Ҷ಼£Ӵܵ
Ҷ۷徳һǸκβֻͯ⨺
ҡɱӣ
ҶζըݺһţӰʱգ׷ȥ

գҶӰȻֹ
Ϊǰ߲Զϫ俴ĿֱһͽƵġ
̼ҶһǺ죬ֱ޵ҧ顣
գһһʯϥ£λãǡÿԿԶӳּ̫ۡ
кüΣҶ̲ס̫УǵԶϫǾεӰʱסˡ
ִֻ˵ļһ϶Ըˡ
ּΪġ

ڴʱϫ˹
ʲô
ҶŭĿ
ϫ˵ڶ飬ֻ俴ֱëסŭеﻹܣһֱǸʮĻ쵰
˵ǳܲסϫѹȻʯתһϣһ࣬Ϊ˰ݼȥˣĻˡ
ϫʩʩȻһʯϥ£Ŀʼ
һĻҶʱסָųϫ˵Щ㡭ֱֱ֣
һԼ쿪ȻΪ˸ԼһʯԾһƺ谡
ԭҴ֮أ㲻һͰռΪУ˭֣
ϫ۾ȻƳһۣУðһЩŮˡ
ҶоԼҪˣǱϫһ٣Ȼֱһֻĺ͵·Ϊһʯϫ쿪һдֱҶǴݿ塣
Ҷ磬Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬ߵﶼ˾ηȴˡ
һӣһֺͳϫʯٵͷ
գҶסˣҲԸͳϫֱɻ˵ļһһˣ

һ죬ҶΪ˵ִ̫ԷһλˣҲܻӭĿˡ
ڽʱ䣬ϫһֱδȫ˻һŮ˴ڡ
ҶĴ֮ҲóĬˣѾЭһֱϥһ£Զ̫Ҳ֪˼ʲô
Ƭָֻľġ
գ֮䣬Ҵǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ҶüڵһΰĿһʯϵĳϫǵϣһĨӡ
ܿ죬ͻָ
˵ǰЩçŻɱũұܷλ𣿡
ͻأأҶڣ˵ǰЩ귢顣
ϫϥʯϣһպϣƻȻ
ҶʱȴԵúƽδٴα֡ӡŭǵȻ֪ұܷûгһֱš
һ̣ϫ۾ƳҶһۣ㾿˵ʲô
ȴ΢΢һΪֻԼڶԸұܷʱûɱ֣ǳȡ˶Է꣬ѹ
ǲǺʧ
ҶȴǷһĨЦ⣬Ƶ񣬵ұϽԶΪұܷ꣬ǱһŮץˣԭڣŮ˵ʦ𣬱ѺڹұУʦ𣬱ȻԴΪ
֪ϫвһЦȴ֪ʵΪʲôỳɵͷϣ
ϫ£Ҷ̬Եɣ˹ܼ򵥣ΪŮ˺ƣҹұѾȷŮҲδçŻҲͳץ߹ұܷˡ
˵⣬ƺȻʲôŶˣ˵ǰŮ֮ҲһЩ𣿡
Դ֮䣬ѴһĨڽζ
ϫȴûһ㣬Ĭã˵һ£ʱҸûдɱұܷ򡣡
Ҷһ㶣Щţô˵ұܷǱȡˣ
ϫδϡ
ˣҶһò˵֪Ҵ˴ǰ̫۵Ŀģ
ϫƳһۣ˹ұУ
Ҷ̹Ȼô⣬Ϊ֮ǰжУ˺ƣûйұϵĶط޷̫УȴԱסһϣȴСϾλɲǴˣ־һزʶ֮
ϫΪλҪ
ҶƵϣСվһϣһǰ棬òһ棬ҲиҪҪ
˵⣬һЦٶԡ
һ̣ϫȴҲЦˣ֪Ϊλ̫ۣ


1764 
ǰһ̫ۣ
Ҷһ֮ǰû⣬ףͷһϵŭ飬ͺΪҪ⡣
Ϊʲô
ҶѿڶЩڣԼô˲ָñһǣűˡ
ǵģҶǱʶһ̸ҲҪںͳϫҪѹһͷϧ̸ƺδԸԳ
ΪҴģҲӦ֣ѹƵ
ϫֱԲ䣬ͲĻᱻԷ֪
ʲô
Ҷײˣʧôܣɽ״ӣֻҲ˶УΪ۵ˣ
ԵúܼЩʧء
ڴˣϫȴǲٽͣ˵Ѿ˵ˣ̸еʱˡ
ҲӦұܷУȻܹұϵжǾȥǣҪұܷҲܼ򵥣ѵȱˣȻѽƵط
ϫֱҶⱲӿ¾ټұܷˡ
Ҷɫ粻һǿԼЦƾʲô㣿
ϫŲҲҪȹѹڵĺԻǰұһˣʱֻǽȱǰˡ
ҶЦƾ㣿
֣ԴȴǳΪϫһҪ͹ұ϶ԿֱݺЦ
ϫɫƽټɽ
ɽ
֣ͬȴһεħһ㣬Ҷüû˵ʲô
Ϊòϣɽ棬ұϻ濸סѹ
һǵ򶥼ȷ԰ϹΪƸΪꡣ
һǡ弫֮һǺŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺĴڣ
˵ұһ뢣ôɽһްԣǰκζԵò
Ҷɲųϫô
üӦȨУǽƵطǵȱˣɶƿڹұУκһòͶ㲻͵ȱ˵򣬱ؽһֱұס
˶٣οҲˣұϵı̫Ͻ򣡡
ϫȻ⣬ƽֻ߹ұϣұܷУԼŰɡ
ϫβˮֵĵȻģҶĪһ˿ŭֱ޲õϣһǷĲںһС
˵֪ϾûһﲻµĶˡ
ȷ˵ҶǺܿ߳ϫ俴ƵĿɶ
ǺǣΪʲôҪǲ
ҶЦ
㲻ܹұж
ϫʣôƵᣬһ
ҶˣסŭգҧұϼҲרǰ£
ϫŶһûġ
Ҷˣȴգ쵰ѵУҶΪСɫ
ϫü𣿡
Ҷץˣֱ޲һϫðβһһһٵѾ˵ˣиҪҪ죬﹫ұֻ˳֡˳֣ף
ϫ˵ͷԭ
ҡҡͷ۾´ǸоղźҶ춼˷ϻٽȥҲûκ塣
֨֨
Ҷˣ˫Ŀֱ𣬱ݶҧ飬ˣֱ̫˷ˣ
һ£վ塣
Ҫʲô
ϫü俪ڡ
ҶŭЦ߲𣿡
˵ţ˫֣Ϳʼա
ϫüûж˵ʲô
Ů˵ĵ״ޣټ֮ǰ˴гޣʵ޷Է
Ҳ֪۴Ϲһ㡣
ϫ
һ仰Ҷһʱųϫú߸޷˿̵ɫȻòҵЩʧǡ
ϫע⵽ҶһЩԾȴˡ
ˡ
ҲڴʱһĲٿȻԶ̫ɢ
ţ
ϫȻһ
ҶҲпһȻ̧ͷ
һ̣˽ԶܵһѹȣһּϢĸо
¡
ϣһſƵǿʼҲҡҡ׹
ԭľ׵֣ҲȻһεû죬֦Ҷ׹䡣
ܾڴ˵޷˻ھʲô
ﶼһְֵ̿ļ
ûãԭտȻĲϣ֪ʱӿһƬڽƣҹ٣Ϊ֮һ
¡¡
׵翪ʼӿ֣ױ绡˸ڽУ裬ӳֳһֺޱȵ
ħѪд㡢³١޲ֳĩպƽƵĿֲ
һжͻȻϫҲͫһëȻĪʱĿõһĻ
ʱԾȡһۻʼͬҲһƬɫƽٶ£ͬƾˣǰһĻž˵֮
ѵ
ϫԺһʶʲô
ϲ֮١ȻĲϧ죬¯۵
һ̣ҶɫԵЩ֣𾪣Ȼš
䣡
ɫȻһɼϢһֻȻֶ
ĮȻᡢ䡢κһ˿
һ֣ƬضһְУʱңγȣһжܲסѹȣ顣
̫ɲ
ϫжֱðϳֻӣȻǡ췣֮ۡҲϰ׿νġ
ԭ⡰̫Էһ򣬿Ϲ֮⣬֮ȫڱΡ
ȴͻأس֮Ȼһ֣֪֮˳ͷ
֮Ҳܺò²⣬ȻλƵһ¯۵ɡ
ϰ׾ԣ˵һɣɶ˲ģӵԺǻ֮졣
ڵ֮գٶ٣Ϊϲݣ
ףԭڴ˵ǣһ֮߰Ǵϲ֮ۡ
ʱϰ׻˵ç֮ҲƵҩȴٶضֶ򣬶̶һʱУаǧ޵ܴǣɵ
ʱ˿̣һƺҪǰˡ
ϫҲһɫޱȡ
䣡
췣֮۸һ֣Ȼһں磬̫۵λɱ¡
ҝ޾ף֮߱ɲ
ȥ̫۷Ǳ׻𲻿ɣ
һɲǣϫϵһس޷ơ۵ʧܡˡ
ȥԿ췣֮ۡҲϧ

ȳϫ̫оȻһͭɡʢͭӡ⡢顢ơ硢ۡȵȺȻࡣ
һ֣һתǽһҝ׸׻


1765 
ͭɡڱβ񷣬Ÿ࣬ӨӨ⣬
һ죬ܹϢ֮仯ԡ췣֮ۡĽףֱ졣
꣡
һɱ£ƸΪˣɫ䣬ʱҲ޷赲˿
ɽһ˲Ϣرͭɡ⣬ɡ淺һȦ
¡¡
һɲǣ췣֮Ʊŭڷҝӿʱգֶ¡
٣
һĻϫʱҲĿùʱβɳĮʦƺʦἰʱ֣ϫǴζҪ١
ֻϴȣ˴ε׽Ҫɲһܻ֯ɣֱܽнֲޱȡ
ˡ
ͬʱͭɡתɡȻһϻΪһС
˵һĻˣһǱϯУ˺ݻ١ҵײ
ϫһӵкεܰ쵽һ
Ԫɡ
Ҷһڸȷϣ
䣡
Ҳһɲǣһ״ݿ塢𣬶ͭɡֻǾһ󣬱ָ
ɻȳϫһǲ֮ϣɫİ񣬡췣֮ۡҲǱˡ
ƺŭҪɱһͭɡ
һ̣ﶼʧȥһƬֹϫһ󷢺׹ߣѡ
СѾͷȻˣһоͽ㴦ˡ
Ȼؼһʥࡢϵλ
£һͭɡȻ£ʧ̫֮ϡ
ϫʱһǿǡ췣֮ۡλȻ˷ģͰͭɡˣ
ѵΪƾҶ񾳴ڣͿֹһУ
ߣ
ǿϫ˼Ҷһ
һ̣ӨһУһɫطگڿնͷųһϡɬļµϢ
ƺۣܲɵֿУǡ췣֮ۡȻһһ춯Ȼֹ
䣡
ûãϽƱ顢ĺɫϼɢǡ췣֮ۡҲ֮ûʧУҲѰٲ
˻
ϫҲһǺɫگʲôֹ٣
̲סϸȥȴһһɫطگʯһȻķѣ黯Ϊ촷ۡ
óϫ΢΢һ
ߣ
Ҷһһȴǳ˵ζڼЦϫ֪
ϧˡ
ܿüﷺһĨϧ֮ɫȻʧһɫطگҲ۲ѡ

ΣһνͻҶҲһæλﲻΪ˶ġ
ӶҲһ¯۵ٻٵ
óϫҶĸйҲǸı䲻٣ȴ˾ͳԭ˶Է
ϫɲˣŮΪɱԼշתǿղ֪һϾɱģ
óϫĻһӾͻˣ
ɢ췣֮ʧ±տȻһſңƮµɫԡ
ܿ죬Ҳǻָġ׵ķΧ
⣬֮ɳɹϫмĪҪκ̤̫ۣм鷳С
λٿȻƮܿйڳţû˶
ϫع˹֣ʾס
С˭
Ҷȴ
ವһ£һɫӰһϣֱҶЦλС£
ԭӣ
ֻ͵Լ·ĺӣҶʱŭˣһžͳȥҪС¡
ϧն֣Сವһ²ټƵƮ١
ĺ
ҶգԼ׷黫ޱȵС
һĻȴϫ˼һοʼСͯ⨺
ûݴԼֻ֣Ҳ׷첻Сٶȣ̫ˣһĨʱеĹ⣬׽
пǰݷã
գ֮䣬СдвѣϫȥǼһͷĺܣ̤ƣݣˡ
ţ
ҶһƲ²⵽ʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ɵѵˣ
˭
ϫжԲüͷһ塣
һ̵ҶȻû˺ͳϫԵ˼ɫЩ֣Ҵҵȥ˵
С·
ϫƳһҶ㲻ٳɡ

СһĨ⣬ٿȻȥ
£ϫҶԶȥ
ڰ;ϣСͻأֹһʯϣץǼһôأ̫ûˡ
ϫҶһֹǰ
ȻС£ԶһߴߴȸԾѡ
Բֹһееĵͳеļеĳ룬һʥһɺ
ܾƬеһЩݣܵӰ죬
һĻóϫУⳡЩϲ̫ӣһӰ쵽̫λǿɾ޷ԭ¡
Ȼ
Ҷǽޱȵݴ˿ȴĮ
һ̳ϫҲڿԶ񷽵һ磬ٿȻһӢ䲻Ӱ
һϮɫۣͷڣ񣬴ݰף˫ָһٷ磬εģ
ܣһͷͷݣ𽡢񡢵׺סݺ޲һЩݣݳʥӳĵǽ
ϫȴüϢƺ嫹һ𣬿ɳϫȴܵһ˿ζ
Ҷԭˡ
̤£ֱӺ˳ϫⲽҶǰЦѣһɺܸ˵ӡ
˵õģ𣿡
Ҷɫȴ䣬ǲá
ӲżȴɣҶϣϡԼ̫Ͻ֮䣬ɾһˡ
Ҷ䵭̬ȣǽӻ벻ΪȻ˫ָЦοúͱ֮Ļ£λۣá
£
ϫһѵһҪͻ۴ϽΪ£
ǲң
Ҷɫѿ
һЦǵߵҶߣֹ̧Ҷ°ͣǹһĨȣ˵ҶԭǴΪµģƫƫӦ񡭡ѵ㻹ҪõĻôЩŶ
ᣬȴһĨ޵ľ棬ټֹ٬һ˵ģҶɫ׳
գһƿǿסŭ⣬Щˣ
𣿱ԭ㽫ǽΪ檵ģֻȢһ˶ѣ⻹з
һЦ̧žͳԶȥ߰ɣһȥݼ˵Ҳܶû۴ˣҲ֪ѾͷǷƯˣӿǺڴ


1766 Ŀ
̬⡰̫ԷͬԼҺ԰ƵģԵú⣬һְ٬ζ
ʼնδϫСȻǵĴڡ
Ǳ֪޵߿һĻΪǡ̫Է˲ɡ
Ҷɫ粻Ӳ
ȴƲںԹԳԶȥأԹһĨЦ⣬ЦƵ⣬Ѱζ
ܿ죬ֹüë
Ϊϫ֪ʱѵǰɫȻؿ
ˣֲЦˣŤͷʵҶʲôʱֶ̫˸ӣ
˳ϫúͳϫϻ
ҶɫһԲ
Щš
𴽽ǵ΢Ц䵭ʧתͷһӳϫĿȴѴһĨʢ˵ĵĮζˣ̫۵ӣȥͨ˵Ϻá
˶٣ﷺһĨζ֮ɫ㲻ǵĻ㵲סӵ·ɾˣǾ͸ϽһȥסӵĻԲǿЦġ
˵ǽסֹһĨȣڳŪϫ
ڴˣϫҲЦˣȻޱȣȴǺ죬³һ֡

һֶѣƬնȻ̡
ЦȴǷһĨ˵㡭ڸ˵
һɲǣҶüиһĨĪǣջһҧ˳ϫǰ
ѵҪ̫Ұ
Ҷ侯档
ԭ⣬ͲóϫݺݽѵһúóһǰЩܵŭ
Īأʱ˿ȴûһз
ΪҶУڳϫԵҪɺޣֱǸʮ
Ұ
ȻЦҶѵСһȲɣȻϧﱾӣҲҪά
˵ʲô
ҶڽԼŭ
˵һȥ
ɫҲ䵭м£Ҫһָָ㣿
˵ţÿҶһۣĿƵϫһ˵ǿϢˣӲ㻰ôڱưˣ
ϣ
ϫȻֳسȻԼұȥ
Ҫ֣
˼ΪЦ飬ŴЦһ
Ҫԣ
ϫ
ǺǣǺǺǣˣѴŭ˱ӣ֪ô
䣡
һɲǣһ䣬ӿȽâһƽս㣬ֱԵ
ӹ£
һǳ⣬иһصĹϷģͷŰ׽⣬ҫ۳ʢĿޱȣϫǺݺ¡
ƬضʱΪңʯɳܣӳĵǿơ
Сģ
Ҷнסݺһ
Ǻ竰Եʵһǧ꣬λз֮ʮĴڣ
ৣ
Ҷ֮ʣϫѶ֣سӿգƾԨ
ʽ
ڶԸ⧲սʱ⡾Ľٶȿǿһѡ
ء
߾뼫ʮɣһɲǼײһƬȻݣŽâ
Һ̫֡ԷĽٴӿ֣ȹನȻ⣬Ⲩܡ
Ǹ磬һɵƶɽӡһǿղ𶯡
ףܲˣϧ¹СԱ
΢΢һ뵽ϫӲһ
ɲ˵ʱӰһݣü絶йЮɬϵķģٴαɱ
׽磬ȫֱƸս٣Ҫݿ䣬ɽӣԵðԵޱȡ
òϣеĸӵо֮ˣǹұ롢ƷϹȣй֮޲
ϧܲҵ˳ϫĿ
һ̵ĳϫ壬ȻҫۻԻ֮࣬ȴһֵȻĴǣأģҽ
ǽʵڶ֮
ৣ
һɽţʽĽ֣ⰻȻʵ޻ȴ־׼ɱ˼¡
һɲǼ䣬һ⶯ݣɽʮ䣡
ǡ
ȻһиһĨļ¶һֱâʹĲڸС
źǣʱ̫ϫһֱƿصһӲնţ
¡
ʱо类ʮɽѹܿƵغݺݵɳȥڱѪͷһ󲻿ظĦѡ
أ
ڵ棬ʯײ飬ƿһδӣƵģϳ鴤ѡ
֮ǰƽսĸӢȣһ̵ͷҵüֱ˲Ŀá
һеģԶԳϫһ֮
һʼսһ𱻻ܣѣһж̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻ
ҲõԭΪϫĵҶһĻʱֱ׻ɴΪԼ˻þ
ԳϫԣȴЩ⡣
˲򣬶Ϊע⵽һϾһɫףǺȻһ鱦ŵֵסԼһδƿš
ˣһҲ㹻ˣ֮Ѫͷѡ
֪ǻûдһף³ֻ¾Ǳˡ
Ҳȷʵϫɲɻ˵ˣũЩһĶɱҶ̫Ͻ̴˶ҳӣԲˡ
ôܻ
ŭһڵˣȻ֮ͽԼܡ
ţԷȻҶԼº֣
Ҫٴζ֣ǰӰһٴαһݺ˵ϣˤ˸ʺģݶţĿҲ̶á
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡˭ҲҪΪһиʮٱĴۣ
ڵϲҺгԹŭ
յִʱ̤ƣݳݣ䲻ĿˣȻûнϫУһһĪһɸ߸ϵԽУҶŭԣֻ
Ȼʱȴ䵽ҴԱȣ֮κ˶Ŀˡ
һ̣Ҷ͸оԴЩ£֮ǰѾȷԼǳϫ֣ȷĳϫѷɱȣȴû뵽սǿȳ̶ȡ
˿ҲԵòЩ޷򶨡
ϫüɱƣҪɱʱһ飬еҪɱ
ϫȷѼǺԼĻˣҶģʱС
գԸСһﶪȥ
Сವһ´ܹüЦҲ˳ˣúð㣬ϫ
˵ţ̽צӣСƵץס½󣬾ͳԶȥ
󣡸֡ˣ㡭ȻҴ򱾹Ӷ⣿󣡣
ԶأԴǷŭʵŭͬʱһޱȵİԼСֻĹЦ


1767 ֮ս
ϫЩЦЦ
ҶȴѻָѣľϸһĨǣǼһͬСɣֻ»
ϫΪȻղұҪɱģҷ
ҶŭĿųϫֹ㣬Ǻɾ͸ˣ
ˣϫֻŶһתԭ·أһȻģ
ҶȴգҧҧӨӣ׷ȥ޺޵һֱûûΣ
ȳϫڣ֪ϣ
֪
ϫͷ
֪ζʲô
ҶѾ׶ԳϫķӦٶģֱӸйϵһС
ԭǵɲ֮һoһ
̾ȡʮ֮š֮桱ĳƺţ֮£ӵŽһ塢һ塢һ塢һΪӹҸ姬Ϊ֧
ν𣚣ָףϡ~ϡ\ϡˬϡϣֱ˾ͽ˾˾ա˾ܡ˾Ϊϡ
Ҳͬˡ
姬ǵеһ֮ϣȴϵ֧ͬΪ
֮⣬еľâһ壬һ壬Զհ
ҵĵ̣µˣųبų棬㲻
֮ȣҹϡϡұȶУŲԺҿȴ޷ӵҿĵ̡
ˣϫһֲֿҲһִ֪ڡ
ֵһǣǸܻεĴڣеǿĲ˼飬ϣҲеûʽ΢˵ˣȴԵüΪ
ףҾǵƾãһЩ඼ǵڻеo
˵һֳƺţһ
ϣȻΪʢһ塣
ֱϵӵܣӵһϵͳѪɲֻǵϣϵ֧͸ӹ
Ҷһ˵꣬ȴأЩꡣ
Ҳû뵽𾹻ǰ̫ۣһӾʹļƻ
гϫڣȥҶ֪ᷢıˡ
һѣˡ
ϫԵúܵȻº޹һ
Ҫ֪ر˵鷳
Ҷҧ޺޵Ż˽һǵкպİ֮ɱľһħҲǧأΪһֱˡ
ǧꣿ
ϫüû뵽һﾹһϹԹԳƣʵЩ޳ˡ
Ҷû񾳴ڶԣҪ𣿡
ʱѷһƬܾӵ֡
ϫϥʯϣ˵䵱ȻҪҪǣֱϵôʱ䣬ȻӵΪʵǸ
Ҷ۾㱻ϫ仰ҭðβ˵һǷ֮ʮĴڣ⡭Ҳ
˵Ƿδ֮Ϊʲôﶼ
ʮ𣿡
ϫüëһŻȻףǶ̫ΪԼԶԶǣ֪ϵĲ졣
ϫҲף֮ǰ֮λȫ񾳵ͬ
ߵǸ콾𣬶ǰߵİеϹ
ұ룬𣬶ˡ
ԭڣ񾳺͵۾֮䣬һΪԿԽĺ蹵ǵסųǰĲ
Щ޵УҲǷ֮񾳰ϣһϹӰ
Ҫϣӵоۼʣһ߻УЩ۷񡢶һ񡭡ڰ֮ϡ
Ϊ˴ΪѴﵽԲʱƴľֻʣʺ츳ˣ
ҲΪڽʱЩũұܷðΣȥԴԭڡ
ΪԴζŽ֮ʣ
Ƕʱ䣬ܹ֮񾳵ʮ֮λȷѾܲˡ
ͳϫȣȻܲۡ
ҶҲһ㣬һһӵؿųϫȻУȻ̫ࡣ
Уһ˿ʧζ
Ȼ֮УѾԼԶԶϫˡ
ϫȴԸ̸ԼΪתƻڣܸ˵˴ǰ̫۵ԭ˰ɣ
ҶһɫӿһĨκͷߺޣղѾˣҪͨõһҶϺ֮ĺȻ̫Ͻ̡
˶٣һҴ˴ǰЯҶϡϡ̫Ͻͬ϶ĻֻҪѯõͬ⣬¡󹦸ˡ
ϫüѯ۴ϵ˼
ҶǷһĨŨŨĳΪ棬õѯô
ϫһӿһĨ
ڻԼĵȷȷʹ˼£ʱΪһֽԼ̳һĸ
ҲҪӣ
ϫüʵ

ҶҡͷѾǷ̫ˣΣҲصޣҵĺ󳾣
ϫʱȻѡ
벻ɣҲǼ̫Ͻ֮滥ͨƷ۾Ҽ̫Ͻ̣Ϊ
ҶԳһЦЩ䡣
˵⣬һˣϴ׷ɱҲԣҲǱƲѶΪ֮Թң뿪ʱǾ˶ϰɡ
һУϫĬã˵ԣ˴ֹһеģ
ҶԳǷΪѻʯ
ϫҡͷɫ棬һϣҺͬ
һ仰ҶǺܼһֻʵĸо
Ϊ£˹ͱļΪС̫ϽΪСΪеĴ㣡
û־ٶûʱ˶
ܱ۵ΪԼֻ֣ҲŤתõˡ
Ȼʱϫͬ½ֻһͬоȻһֱοͼ
ƫƫ컯Ūˣͬģȴһˡ
β
ƾ仰ԺУҲԹˡ
Ҷһ˵
ڴˣϫĬδ˵ʲô
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬Զһҵ𶯣ɫ䣬Ǿˡ
ţ
ϫҶһݣԶȥ
ͬʱԶһ͸޾ŭԹ
ǸĶӹ
Ȼ𷢳־ˣ
ϫʱüԼоһ˴ǰֻ׼ĳֶΡ


1768 ս
ҶɫҲȻһ䣬һôֻˣ
˵ʱԶһ󲨶ӳֳӰ
Ϊ׵ֻ˿ģȴ쳣ЦֹͷɢȾѪ϶Ǻ࣬ͷֱҲ̶á
óϫ̲סЦǿ϶ǳԽͯ⨺ֱʣֻٰơ
һɲǣϫоһݣע⵽ߣλ۾ڣ
һλҷߣۣ˫ָһԨsŰơ
һǸѪ꣬磬˫ֻסһѪɫսѪҵϢմʬɽѪ߳һ
ľ۾âѷѪӰ۾
Ҷһ¾ϳߺ꣬סʧгɫһӱò
ȻâѷľâϣԽϣ
дƶϣ֮ǰ𲢷ǹһǰǽλ۾ˡ̫ԷȺ
ܲҰ֮Ǵλ۾ˡ
ߣ
һɲǣҲ˳ϫʱŭڣҧеλ壬˶
ৣ
λ۾ĿһɲǼ仮ʱգ˳ϫϣﾡɱ
óϫɫأλ۾ǰǶԼսԸҲܵһǰδеѹ
ӣȷݣ
߾âѷĮȻڣϾ̫Էɱ˹ˣֻ²ճ
ǹˣĸҶԱ˲
Ȼе
âѷ˵ͷȻˣǰȥɱҲãʡĲ졣
⡣
һѪӰ۾ɭȻһЦ˵ͷ
ǽ̸УȻоͽƵģԵ޿֣ѳϫС
ȵȣ
ʲôеֻӣӹģһĺԣ¾Ʋ˲ɣ
ȻޱȵģȻ֮ǰСʰĺܲңʶǺС
ӣ
ľ۾ѪӰ۾ԶһͲΪȻЦЦһֻӶѣǶԸʲô
ˣҶĲ˹ȵףջһ̫Էǲڴ˺Ϊᴥŭ˹
һ̣ҲֻаһϣڹϣϣַͨʽԷͶ
ȴûףΪҲһ¯۵ֵؼʱֻ̣¸עⲻ߷һС
ҶҪСһԿӣ
ɫһ׵ϷһĨ
Ů˵ĲڹƤ¶֣Ȼס
ľ۾Ȼڣһ仰ȴҶ׾Ȼֱ˿̣δĬ˴˼飬ɱСӣҲȫԡ
ӻҪӻػ۴ϡ
ͷҲγɵִ£ľ۾һʱд󶨡
ԼԼԼϣ¾ɱ˳ϫǵù죬ҲȻɱԼֻǽѵһ°ˡ
Ǿɡ
һԵѪӰ۾ЩͣȻڡ
ڴʱһֱδĳϫȻŤͷҶĻҡ
Īһ仰ֹҶһҲһͷӦ
Ц˶֪ˣҪѻܣ
ϫȴǲֻǰĿҶ
ҶҲѹ˿ϫջһҧóһɫگݸϫ
ܹگϣöȻӡֱǴŵҶϵġͼڣϵġҫ족ͼڣԼ̫Ͻ̵ġ̫ϡּ
Ȼһ־γһԼ
һҲһ
ӣҪӽٵ
ľ۾һѡ
㼴ЦϺҶϡ̫ϽһµĻ̺־˵ˣǳ֣ҲȻԻٵ
У͸һɰȻ
ˣľ۾ѪӰ۾һۣԶЩȣҲû뵽ССһϣӵ
ҪȢ۴ϣ
ϫùƬ̣㼴Ŀǵһ̣ɫɳ
ô˻Ǻǣ֮˻ǣұӵĻ£ñͦж
𳰷ڣèϷӣżɱ
ˣ޷ֹ㱳ôȴԽٵʹ˵óˡ
ϫ˵ʱָȻһŻɫگϡ
ˣǵŭЦϫĿоǿ֮ɫ㵹ǸϽٵܰ쵽Ĩɱ
Եð֮Ҳ֮
Ҷοųϫжϫû۴ĸܹٵ۾ܡ
ɾ˶Ϊϫ첻ʱһӳϫ
һӣ׻˶ס
ľ۾ѪӰ۾Ҳһ
Ҷס۾š
ǻֹǱϫٵˣѵҶĨʧһɶ
㡭
ŭָųϫ˵ܵȴˣֱ޷ܡ
㲻ҪĨɱôѵϺҲ˵ƨţ
ϫǷһĨͻȣ֮ǰȷ޷һǣȻһ˿ս֮һжӭж⡣
ֻȻû˿һ㣬Ҳû뵽ϫ֮
ϫ仰ֱ̼׵տҪѪλ壬ɱˣɱ
ʵϫĻλ۾Ҳһڣ˵̫ˡ
ջѾˣҺòԣǿɾ汯ˡ
ˣ뿪ɣ
ľ۾Įڣ˵ʱ̧һץһΰ籡Ǭʱգϫ˳
˵ֱ㶯ˣ
գһɱ˼¡
ߣ
һ̣ϫȴһߣƳһƬȻ֮һ𣬾ǽһ֮ɢ
ţ
ף
ľ۾ѪӰ۾УȻԶû뵽һڵˣܱܿһ۾á
Ҷš
Ҳ⣬ȴǱŭҧԥʲôˣ
Ҳͽͣ߰ɣ
ѪӰ۾ٳɣһ֣ܻһֻѪ֣ЮŤתǬ֮ϫݺץ
ϣ
ϫسҪնɱȥ
ԲԴУƴʩչѹֶΣҲϧ
ǰһɲǣһɶʱգ¡¡ɨһӴһֻѪɫֱȻ
¡
ͷɫԣЮɲһֻѪɫ֮ƲѪӰ۾ɱȥ
һĻ̫ͻأ羲ֹĻͻȻһĨɫ磬޲ܽһж˺Ϊ飡


1769 ׺ĺ
أ
ѪӰ۾εһ̣Ǳһɶĵˡ
ɫȻһ䡣
һ̣ͬϫҶľ۾Ҳһ
һһ۾
жǿ
ҲڴʱڿӶģһֻƤëȻɵĺӣǽͫ⨺𱦡
һ̣Եú磬һһ쳯µӣ֮ǰүү㻹ô
һӣɫͱˣֻĺӣɱɱ
ľ۾ѪӰ۾һۣԶʶͫ⨺ĲĬѡһ֡
ɱ
ӣ
۾һӷƱãʱΪ֮ңһݵĿֲϢƬԵúޱȡ
䣡
ľ۾һӣǧɫзӡһϲ֮ޣųСݺݱ̢
һϷţΪľâһһǺɫմͻȡֵľ궼޷Եޱȡ
ϣ
ͬʱѪӰ۾ѪɫսӰһһĨѪɫ磬ʱգƮһɲѪɫâ⽵ٵѪ£龭γɱϯʵ
ĿһĻϫҶʶͳԶ˱ܣ̫ǿѳܹķ롣
Уϫȴһͫ⨺С
֮ǰȷϹֻֻ񾳵ΪˣղСһѪӰ۾ʱҲ˾ȡ
λ۾ȫɱСָӦԣ
ЩͷֻԺһţϫս֣һСƴһƴ
ɾڴʱСëȻըëˡ
𡭡
һ춯صһգۼ䣬ԭɵС徹Ǳҫ۽â
һ̣ȻǰɣͷۣƤëȻͷŽâһʯƵļţĿֲϢ
һ׻ӲӵͫףĿɫ磬ʮأ
ʱСֱ֮ǰײ̫ͬԳ٣ǿƵ˼¡
Ϊ˵ǣΪһӱǵ˵۾Σ
һ˵ʵһɲ֮ɣУС绯֮һֱֱִӡҰķʽݺݱҶȥ
¡¡
¡¡
ɲĺ쳹ֻɫӲһҵϡãɽ
ֻһѪɫâȻĩ
ľ۾ѪӰ۾֣ӲСֳ𵴿ɢѡ
һĻóϫסĿɿڴ𶯣Ϊϰ׻˵ͫ⨺һˣһͷ
ҶҲǵһû뵽͵Լ·ĳӣ֮׺͡
ɱɱ
ŭҲ֪ǳڿ־壬ǳڷŭƷش
ѣľ۾ѪӰ۾ȫֻ¸òֻˡ

ľ۾˫ӳճһŲӰʥԣһƵ֦ҶӨӨ䡣
ǴӰǴеoâı࣬ľ۾طһ֦һҶУѴһɱǬ
ৣ
ѪӰ۾Ѫ绯Ѫɫа׽ɫ׵˸Զеսϡ
սӳѣƽڽԽԽʢ󣬾ѪɫתΪ׽֮ɫҫʮɱ֮Ǭڡ
ǡսɱ֮˸ŽǽµϵƲɶ
λ۾ȫ֣ǲ
һɲ֮䣬Ƭ̫ԷĽƶһſȻɫԡ
ǿдµɫٲ
ɳϫϵǣһɽǰȥսನ԰㣬ȫӿͫ⨺Сڡ
һӣСǲϱϵ˭׺֮ƺֻҪԸ⣬̾ܽʮض飡
ָоͺСΪˡ̫Էףһнơ֮ȫã
䣡
һɱʮ裬һйһ¶ֽ顣
ٲȻһɨǬ֮ƣ
һĻ̫ɲľ۾ѪӰ۾Ƕһ鴤˹ֲ
ѪӰ۾鵶ܣԱâȻС͵ؿ粽ʱգһٴѹ¡
򵥵ֱҰǵƣȴԿƾ
أ
һѪӰ۾սҷɳȥҰݣ˸ǱÿѪһʯ㣬ݺڵϡ
ֲλ˵Ҫ鷳Сԭӿ̫ԷĽ
ϫɼˣĿСʱɽס̾
һҶѱһĻ
ϸҶ
ľ۾ͷһĿѣȡ
϶ʲô⣬Ҳүүϣ
СޱߣɸߵӶӲȥХ
ľ۾һգĻ˵ϾѪӰ۾͵һҪʱܡ
ɽһɲӰסʱݣޱȣУ
ֱľ۾ɢ
ã
дתȫΪʹ˻Ҫѡ
䣡
ҲڴʱСһƿն䱻ľ۾Եסһɿ񱩵ĳȴͷѣÿһë׶͸Ѫɲ֮䣬һѪˡ
Ȼһڣ粻ظƵģ׹棬һ鴤ѡ
գ֮䣬λ۾󣬱ѹ
һĻֱǾĶǣף˸޷ͫ⨺ﾹӵ
Ǹ
ϫҲס̫࣬ǿˣ޷ǰ׺Ӱ֮ǰɻСϵ
֪С֮ǰչֵϫεȴĳ
Ҷɴһִ״̬
ôܣôܣ
ʱǰһĻĻ̼Ĳ˶
λ۾
Ȼһֻһѹˣ
ȥ˭ˣ
ӣ
Сһָ𣬡үү֮ǰ㶪ȥʱξģ
£ŵƨǿӲͷƤҧô㻹ɱ˱Ӳɣ
ӲҴ򣡡
УСһɨ˶ҷɳȥвҽвֹ
Ȼͨһ׹ڵأƨȴѪģͷ飬
ͷɢ׵ģֹңֱǲܸҡ
ˣľ۾ѪӰ۾ԼԶܣȻû֮ǰִʱǵȰһи߸ϵơ
һ̣ϫЩĿһʵ̫ˣͫ⨺СҲ֪ʲôֱҰ׺˼¡
ϫ˵ɱǣǷߣ
ȻСŤͷʳϫ


1770 ȾѪ
ͫ⨺Ļ£ȫʱһƬž
ѹڵѪֹľ۾ѪӰ۾Զֹͣ˲ҽУ۾Ʋš
һֻӾǷԼ
ĸ
ճϫĴ㣬԰Ͳɱˣȴòһɱǣǰô죿
Ҷֹɫ粻ѾѣԸ̫ɱλ۾Ժֻ̫¾ͳеˡ
Ϊϫͽͫ⨺СҲעΪǵж
ǲɱĻ
ͬ鷳
Ҷ˿Ҳԣԥ֪ϡ
ʲôʱˣپǵ
ϫ룬Ǿһȡһص
ɱô
СЩʧǲʡ
˶Уǻһ£а䣬ĺѵɱԼ񣡼ֱ̫ˣ
ˣȥɷ԰ˡ
գС˳ϫַץСƵĽУɸߵӰʱնȥ
ɷ԰
־˸棬ȻǸ֮ء
ˣһսĻ
ܴ󣬿ɾû̫λķӦҲ֪ûע⵽ĬһС

ڣָֻĿԶľա
ϫϥʯϣ¶֮ɫ
ζлˡ
һԵҶĬãջһ泯ϫ˵
֮ǰ飬ԳϫӡΪĹۣһ˿ø
һһٵˣѵ㲻̫ܵϽ̵𷣣
ϫ˼ؿ
Ҷҡͷӽעٻ̫Ͻˡ
ֹǲܻ̫Ͻ̣ԼҶֻ¶޷ȥˡ
𣿡
ϫʵ
ڣһظĸо
ҶЦЦɫƽǰǷ̫࣬ΪЩ飬Ѿ޺ˡ
ϫ̲סҲӦ»٣һҶϡϺ̫ϽôֻŬҲ޼¡
ҶĬƬ̣˵Ҳ֪
ǵģʱĻ治֪ôˣΪҶϡϡ̫Ͻ̶ԣƾһȥԿǼֱ۵ѻʯ˾
ϫ̾˿ȹʱһ۴ϱϾǹĵӡ
Ҷֵ˵ͷ֮ʲôȻתԶȥ
㡭ʲôȥ
ϫü
ȥұϣ⣬ұ᷵ء
Ҷڴһ䡣
һӣϫȫˣҶǴô˻ǰұϣԼȥһ̸С
̸ݺܼ򵥣ԹұܷĻǣȥȡȱ˵ͽƵط
Ҷϻ̫ϽеһϣҶϵĺ֪ұϺ̫Ͻ̵ĹϵΪУ£Ҷȥ£ʵġ
лˡ
һ㣬ϫҲΪл
㻹ڴܰȫذɡ
ҶһЦӰʧС
۳ɹĳԹȥɡ
ϫһһ

쿪ʼһָ
ϫȻһϥʯϣ֮࣬ҲżλƵһ¯۵ˡ
ϰأʥױǡǷ벻ط
Ѿȥʱ䣬ʦѩʲôʱǰ
ҶǷѳɹ˵ұϣ
ʱεţܿ͹ȥʱ䡣

һ죬ϫӴһ
֣ˣûѵʲôⲻɣ
ϫüʱƣҶٳٲϢЩ
ΪԼ¶⣬ǿǳϫԸġ
ϫٽһɽѧԺ飬ϴ˵Ͳ˵ˣļǣҹ£һҪδЩ̫Ͻ洫ӵġ
ϫͫ⨺Сವһ´Զһ˷ܵ֨֨е
ʱСͳϫ˻ļΪֻҪϾͳϫԾ죬һЩ顣
̫Уδ̤һԳϫһЩԣֱǹ½룬Ȥüɫ裬ĳȲѡ
СܹϫȻȻ˸ȤβʶһԼ飬ɱҽĸʡ
С۾һּᶨҡҡͷвУˣ˭˿̫Է
ϫǶˣνԳԳֳʱľɿƣͺñԳһ㣬ѱö
µСȻûбֳ״̬Ѿּʱƣնֻ¾ͻӰ쵽Ժĵ;
ʶһ㣬ϫвѣ֮Ľ̸С֮ģλֻ֪ҲԼɡ
ϫ㵹ǸϿ콲
Сһץһ͵ӡ
ϫ̾˿ֻһ˼·׷ҵϵѧԺԺ֮󡭡
ȻƽĵƮţ˵£СԱߣ۾⣬ˡ
ʵκ˶ԣϫľǴ棬ӵ޷
Сδ£ֽһţϫӵеȾԣһ˵
ĺԣȫС
ϫ֮У֪ҲеǣԼĺһʱЩȻѡ
Ҳ֪˶ãСȻһеŮ˻ˡ
һ£ϫҲ׷оѣȻظ˵ˡ
ûãҶǴԼӰС
ֻЩ䣬ľϸһƬ԰ףü֮価ƣ֮ɫ
ˣ
ϫһУע⵽ҶϢЩ˥ҡ
û¡
Ҷȴҡҡͷֻǡֹ
ϫһʶЩһɫȴĳǷˣ
Ҷ˵ͷЩǰұʱûвʲôף˵ֻ֮ǺǣҵȴһЩʱ䡣
ԭΪнչɺд̽ԭڹұܷµʱλȱѾˡ
ϫһһʱסþ޷ƽǱ֪£ָûᡭ
ҡҡͷϫȥ
λȱµһ򡣡
ҶһȾѪյóݸ˳ϫ̾Ǹûܰʲôæ
ϫһУĬãŵ㣬ǹұģҪǸġҲǡ
еĵǸζѾˣӦýСۡŶԡ
ҶЦЦ԰׵ĴǺȻһ˿Ѫգҡҡ׹
óϫʱһڵϣϢһ£Ժ˵
Ҷûж˵һ޵Ϣ
һ̳ϫɫǱĮȻ֮ӿһĨĹ


1771 ֮
ұϣ
һеĶ
ûм֮ǰϫѴŮۿе֪ұϺ̫Ͻ̹ϵǳﶼ̫Ͻеųϵְλ
ʱΪܵŮУϫһ̬ȥçŻ棬ҪֹұܷһƷۼжġ
ԵʱԹұ̸жУҲԲκκøˡ
ֱ֮󣬳ϫԹұϵ̬ȷת䣬ʼ
ܹұܷĲ֮һĸоֱﵽ˼¡
Ҳ׸Ϊ˹ұϵĺƣʹ˳ױ
񣬻ȳϫѣ㴫˹ұɱȱ˵جģֱóϫǰѹұϺ֮ǡ
ұϡұϡ
һ̣ϫظŹұϵ֣õϢԵޱȡ
ʳ𣬱븶ѪĴۣ
ʱϫڵϢеҶԺȴֳݡ


ҶӴϢȶңǽľϣҲһĨӨӨ
ˡ
ϴϫҶ̧ͷͿϫԶԼ
΢΢Щ⣬ЩĪĸжû뵽ϫһֱһػԼ
š
Ҷ˵ͷԳԭΪο϶Ҫˣ˭룬쿪ۣһ
ʲô
ϫʵ
ʲôұ׷ɱ¡
Ҷʼ磬Եúɡ
Ϊʲô
ϫ׷ʡ
ҶĬƬ̣˵Ϊһȱµԭ֪ĴڣֱŴʬз֣ʱұҲһ㣬ʱ蹷һ㣬չȫ׷ɱ
˶٣ЦҺãȱ˵ʬұ϶˻ĽҰ룬ڹұڣֻˡ
ϫУüΪһǾ͵Ҷ׷ɱ
ҶԼҲɻüһҲ벻ͨûѺ̫Ͻ̶ϾϵҲô˵վҶϺᣬұȴҶ¶֣Щ
˵⣬ͳϫһۣԶʶһֻ¶һȱµϣ
ϫƲ⵽ǹұ֮ץסʦȱˣֻ¾Ϊһ
ǡôҪĶΪ֮ǰұϾûз֣
ȱ˵ʬʱǻзִġ
ҶƿϫɻԴһ˿ɵ˵ҲǺɣЩǻҷɢѰѰɵװǻҺ֮Щǻ֮ȴγһֶصϵһںһ۳һ򡣡
ϫԣʱҲȲѣ˭ֻ²²ȱ˾ὫԼʬ֮С
ҲӲ֤һȻͬѰ
ϫסóһסûȥеݡ
ǵȱµģȻӦ硣
ҶȻҲûпеݣԭΪ棬ɵϫʱʱ˶Է˼
û뵽Ϊ¿ǵܵҶ
ܵкãֻģһ죬֪ʦȥϢʱܲסȴ
ϫ̾˿Զ̫ۣаλѹڵĺѰٲֻ֮ɲѹˡ
Ҳζţվһգؽұ潻棬һǰ籨𣬶ҲǱ佻Ƶط
ˣһұ㡣
Ҷԥһ£˵Һ͹ұϳ˺֮󣬶Էв㲻ǹұܷ꣬ɽ໤ҲҪشۡ
ԣϫȻЦˣȴЦúκθ顣
һѶһȻţӡƣԼܹһӰڲԵС
ҶһϳһӰǹұܷꡣ
أ
ӦȻ飬һҲ촷ۣΪ곹
㡭
ҶһЩ⡣
Ȼ޷̸£Ҳûˡ
ϫ֣ȴһѰ顣
Ҷȴһжζţұܷλұϵĸ콾ʹ˳ʧκθܡ
֮ͬעϫ͹ұ֮ĳ޻أ
ô
Ҷסʵ
ȡ
ϫԶ̫ۣƽ
Ҷˣȴǰһ浣ĳϫһŭΪգǰұѰˡ
ϫ
һֱһԵȺĽͫ⨺һ̲סڣǸ㻹ǰľô
Ҳ֪ϫʱľôãʶԴ֮и̽ѯʡ

ϫȴЦЦʹҪһʱӰ쵽˿ľˡ
ٺ٣ϣ
СϲüЦ
ϫǰ㣬׷£СԴƽˮСԲѡ
ϫҶҲһһУʼΪϫڸС£Ǿһһﾹɵһ档
ɺ֪أҲˣףԭϫеĹ£ǰľ
Ǿ֮֮ۡ崡ֳѪͳɫʡ
ҶҲڴӲףԭһһˡ

ʱ󣬴ҴҶš
֪ȥ
ʱϫУǺСҶģĺƽˮ
мΣҲȥǡɷ԰㿴һˣȴûнȥֻԶԶڴһһҽԼһЩ񺿰
С˵ǡɷǹרΪĥСս٣ѼؼһǧɷѰ޵߽Уֻˡ
ܹȻҲմλ۾Ĺ⣬ֻȻɷҲǳ˿ͷ
֮⣬һжԵúƽ̫ûжʦѩҲδǰϰҲһֱСʥױǡϫŵģһרĳԵģ
һ죬ϫдʱǱޣڵΪҲǴонڵס
ò˶ãԵִһ
СںҶģյĴ֮ΪӣؾγΪ̣ԡˡΪ򣬱˴˽ɱ
Ҳһĥ£ǰϾ֮µĶСطֻʱСͻ۴϶ġ
򻻳Сͻ۴ϵĽҶġ
ûķ׷ţթһжԵúʡԶƽ
ûãھеĳϫڶеСҶԶ뱻һ
Сǽ
º̫ͣɢȻǰ¹
ɹˣ
ϫһ𣬵ʱ˲
ҶҲɫȴЩԥЩ֪ȥԶ겻á
ǾҪ뿪ˡԺûˡ
Сһ˵ĵģҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
ٲԸǴ壬ųϫҶʯ·Զ̫ȥ


1772 ֻ֮
ʱ̫꣬۵Ĵ¿
ٴ̤УϫѾͳǰʱȫͬһĨϣڴ
¹̫ǰϫִºͿڵصǣ˻ټ㡣
˵ţȻҶƲȶԷڴˣ˵֪Ҷĳ֡
º͵Сλȥիȥ۴ϡ
Сһ˵ͷ
Ҷ˿ɫȴӣЩºͻ۴ı棬ƺܼĿⲻһƳȴϫǺЦԼ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҳ֪ͷС߰ɡ
£Сǰߴ·Ҷܿʧ
̫һǰ򵥡£һһľͨͨȴĪһɴĵϣԵôѰ
Ϊһһ磬һҶһ涣У޵߸޷õ
ͺñһֱһ˵˵һλԷɽżȻɽλ߶ģһ࿴ԣʱеĸͷõٴηؼʱ޶ڣ±Ǩѹȥ˲֪¡
ǡÿ¹塱Ĵ˵
ҲʵζţӣǸԸܵϺеĴڣȴڲ֪бӰ졣
̫еĲ֣ҲˣֻԵȴ޵ߣһҴ³ɱλԷضˡ
ϫ
¹תʼǰߴ·
ϫһСȥãһʯĽǰŽӲӵéݡ
ˣϫˡ
¹ڡ
ɡ
λд
¹ϫ˵ͷ롣
л
ϫ˱ȭһ̤С

ڿտףгӯһľʥϢ
λϥһϣһɫʢԣ˿ݡ
һΰϢبŲ񼣣Ȼһɾη
ǰ
ϫɫׯ࣬
ɡ
ڵ˵ʱһţһŰ빳ڳϫǰһȲ裬豭ڰϡ
Լͳϫֱһ裬ˮ͸һƷƮɢ
롣
һƵϫǰ
ϫҲ豭һڣһٿȻȫɢʡԶˬ
ȻˮҲ˲õˡ
ƵѾѹˣԽСߡ
￪ڣδѣԴǵȻƽֻҪԼȥѾﲻ϶æˡ
Ѵ⵽ϫɽסӿһĨϲá
һлǰ
ؿҲǳǷʦֵһˡ
ʾϫ£Ѿʱ뿪ǰҵмѯ
ϫһǰֱ޷
ǰҶѾͷЯĻ٣ûõӦսɶԣ
ƽϫУȴкݺһʵû뵽һоѱԷ
ζţзκ飬ѱλһ˿ؿУ
Ĭãϫŵ˵ͷ
ս⣬ڤ¼У񣬳ϫֻùȼΣѰǱƲѣʹá
Ͼ̫죬һֽɣΪħݣһ֣ʵ롣
ȻϹѲɱȣϫɲˣڤۺε˵ãҲǱһѹɵ³
սᡭ
ϫϣҲ˳Ĭòһ̾˳ߣӦ˶ߣӦٶȻ
ԣδƷζ仰еĺ壬ϫȴһĪǰ
˵ҹǵ˴۵ǰһĻ
㡭㡭ȻǡӦ١ߣֲãֲʥͷǡҡúް
ǹ۵ǰľŭڶóϫԭžľһɲҲһȦ
ʱϫδ֣۵һֻ۱Ȼ飬յһ𣬱ٻ
һĻ̫죬ϫ޷ǣɬԵĸпоĪ¶
ս֮Ӧߡѵлʲôɣ
֪Ϲ֮˺嫽壬󣬳Ϊȴûֻ֮
Ȼһ仰˼еĳϫѣסǰϹ֮ΪȴΨֻأ
Īǣֻڤ磬еֻ֮أ
ϫ̲ס
ȴһת˵һ£ûֻأϹеԣֻҪ٣ζ㡢ࡢ桢
ϧɲ㲻ࡣ
˵⣬Щͳʲô㣿
ټҲ𡣡
٣Ҳࡣ
Ǵ㣬ҳ档
⣬޵׷ѰĿ꣡
ϫԣֻĳ޷ƽ
ԣ㣬ζĲ಻𣬾ͺñϹǿߣӵ޾ͷԪȴͬ٣ᱻɱɵ
λеġСһ㣬ࡢκνѡκɱ¾κֻ޷ĥ
źǣϲΪֻҪûֻأңȻ⣬ʵֻһɱĽڰˡ
˵⣬ҡҡͷٶԣ豭Ʒ
ɱĽڣ
ϫһǺ⣿
ֻ֪صĺİأ
ʵ
ϫȻ֪ڤ¼вϴֱǱ˰١ս塣
ֱȻ֮սжɺ죬ǹֻ֮ĺڣ
̫ڰϴں϶ɡֻ֮ɱ˰١սڤ߰ɡ
ϫ˵ͷ
ӦúֻصתҲ٣֮þ֮ҲԿٵ֮ƶ񡣡
˶٣Ŀģ޷ΪƵкñΪıͷһǡһڰס
ϫʵЩ𾪣Ϊû뵽λﾹԼ̽йֻص顣
û뵽Էֻ֮˽⣬ȼ仰ǳֱףʵѾֻصĺв
ɱ˷ŻŲ·ʬϹܾӣبų棬ľȴ֪һƬϣѱƿǿУƶ񡢺ڰסǡ˭⣿
̾˿дһĨȻʲô¡
ϫЩ֪οڡ
ȻһжҪ
ĬƬ̣ѻָĵȻϣҪǣϹе񾳴ԽԽ࣬ע޾ѣһɻήЩ޵ͷϣ


1773 ֮
Ļ£ϫȴЩɻϹ޵Խ࣬ҲζԽࣿ
Ǻ⣿
ƿϫɻ󣬵ӦҪԴģҩ񱦡ġڶ츣ء屦䣬Ī޵ߵϢϢء
£޵Խ࣬ζſɹÿ޵õԴýͺñһݣռֻô󣬿ɾסԽԽʱɹÿܾӵĿռֻԽԽ٣ֱ֮صľ档
ϫüϹӵǧ򾳣λ棬£ܳһʱ䲻صĳɣ
㲢ϹһС
ﵭȻںǰϹУʵֻеһ򾳴ڣʱƣ޵ߵĿԽԽ࣬ô޵ߣһЩ㿪ʼţΪľǶȡԴ
˶٣֪ǧ򾳣ֻ޵ٳİˡ
һ£ϫڶˣϹУֻеһ򾳴ڣ
ͷһ˵顣
ǵǧ򾳣бٶΪľǻóֵԴʱϫҲףΪ˵޵Խ࣬ζֻԽˡ
Ϊµ򾳣ζţšȻᡢսѪȣ
ĻҲӡ֤˳ϫƲ⡣
Ȼʷϣÿһοٳµ򾳣޵ΪӶᡢɱ¾ɥС
ЩΪͻȥӶɱߣΪУҪô򷴿ҪôӶΪū͡
һֱڷҲһֱڳֻΨһĲͬڣʱѾٿٳµˡ
˵⣬￴ųϫ֪ûµζʲô
ϫһУζԴעԽԽ٣ʱƣ޵ߵĿֻԽԽ࡭
ȳϫ˵꣬ϵʱΪԼЩͻС֣̲ͨɱ¾ȡԴԱ֤ԼܹӴȥ
ҪǣһֱȥǿֻԽԽǿעΪᣬ˵У涼Ϊһ
ϫüɼӵ㹻ԴЩҲ޷ǿ硭Ǹϵ𡣡
ǵģڳϫһϣӵгԴȴķǧ£ȴС
˶ԣѾ˲𣬿ڳϫУֱǸ
ϵ⣬ȴǼ޷Ϲĸ֣ҲӰ첻һϹĺ
ﵭ϶ԣЩޱ޵У඼ϵȱݣЩӵܶԣ̫ࡣ
ǴϹģӦ˳ѩīУֻѱץΪūδ֪ȥΪЩؿԴˡ
֮Ѿ˵ģ󲿷޵߿ɶûˡ
˵⣬ȻʲôĪοЩϴӵУʲڵ;·ģҲֶͨΣ
ϫ
Ӧ֪ģǰ确תޡİ취֮һ
ϫȻһʶǰλӦ֪һЩʲô
ǵģŵһ仰ʱϫĵһӦԼĸ׳
βһµʱϫ֪Լλײˡ
һתΪ̫Ͻʦܣš̫顱
ڶתΪɽŵˡ
תΪµĵѧԺӡƸ
Ĵתг
תޣ
ǰλ˵ת֮ǰĳȻϹĳĺᡣ
һ̣ϫ㶼̲סһʣǰλصĹ﾿֪һЩʲô
գסˡ
Ϊ֮ǰѳǷ֣ΪϹе޵ߣȴѡתޣ
Ϊֻвӵֻ֮أ
ϫȷ
ֻ֮һҪǡɲǰ򵥡
˵⣬Щɺٶԡ
ϫȻܲ򵥣ˣᵮôྪ춯صĴ
𡢵ڤۣɽˡŮ洹Ů洡̫Ͻ̽һϹУϾˡ
ֻʱλĻϫȴ϶һ㣬Ȼ˲򵥣ôȻ䲻ͬѰ֮ˡ

еһʱЩžƷ̬Ȼŵʥԣ˿ݣ²͸Щʲô
ϫͬĲѣ˼ɡ
ΪθԼһУϹ״ֻ֮ءҪԼʲô
˳ߣӦ˶
ߣӦٶ
һпȴԼ뵽ҹǵ˴۵һ仰һŭʵġӦߡ
һֻصķȴԵԼٵһʹõս⣬Ӷչ˶Ϲ״
һ䡰תޡѰζϫԾ˸׳
ѵǰλص̫۹ѾԼ֪һЩʲô
ϫ²͸
ȷţԼȥѯʣҲעòκδ𰸡
գϫ̾˿ٶ롣

ʵԣ֪ЩҲ޶ô
ȻλвյڵϹ򣬻ԶԶûеֻƵʱ֪Ϲ֮⣬һطܹٳµ򾳡
һطлŵأպҪ۾עҪһģغպܹ֮ռͷ
ϫЦǰΪĸҵЩ
ȴɫׯصСһ֪Ϊеĵ۾ܹΪһ֮Щ۾ȴܣ
ϫüѵΪʵĲͬɵģ
˵Ҳԣȴǹؼڡ
ֱԵҪΪͱΪ۾Ϊ۾֮ȴÿһ۾ܹӵгΪǱܡ
Ǳܣ
ϫȻ
Ҳǡ֮ÿһλִһʱıԴͻữΪͶӰӳУܹв޷
˵Ѱ۾ûȻᣬΪڽ۾ʱûա֮
һ£ϫɫڱû뵽۾оȻ˶ི
ǡָλ⡮֮סʵ
ְ취һӶϹЩⷽѳɹ˵ϣ̫С
һ˵ĳɹӶһӵеġ֮ʵҲ
ֱԲڶְ취Լȥһµ򾳣


1774 ŵ
֮ʲôϫҲǰλĽͣȴһɡ
ȻԱӶ᣿
ˡ
ȻһУһֺ嫹Ӱ֣ӳճǳɽӾγϸȥܿŵÿһϣӵһǴޱȡ
һĻͷ·𿴼һ򾳰㡣
֮ӵеıϺͶӰ
ﵭȻڣֻΪѳ۾֮øĳֵ۾
ϫһУкεã
ʱ籾Դļӳ֣ıԴԽǿԽϣ֮С
һ£ϫڳˣô˵̤۾̤֮֮ͱӵԼУ
ҡͷ̤۾֮󣬶ڽ۾֮ǰҪ׼
ϫЦϹ£Ųǧ򾳣ѱ۾ѿأ£ҪƾΪȥȡһ֮Ȼǲܵġ
ͷˣֳ͵۾Ĳ𣿡
˶٣ӦϹԣܹ۾ģ޲ӵžϵʣѾǺ˲ˣϺУŲʮΪ̤۾εǿߡ
ζʲô
ζŵ۾ǿߣѿϹе۷ڣĿ֮ϡҲͿ֪
֮ԱȵĻܹӵ֮ĵ۾ڣȻϡˡ
£κξʵ޵߶ԣԭ۾ǼΪףΪԵˡ
ʵһҲܼ򵥣һ֮ƿǧƵÿֲ֪Ƕϵǳ֮֮ڶ֪࣬ﵽ˺εȺ嫵ĳ̶ȡ
Ϊһ򾳶ԣֱϵİӵȨ
̸Ϊ۾ڣߵﶼᱻĤݣĵۻʰ㣬졣
ϡΪ
޵Ҳ⣬۾Ŀϡ٣ҲζѴϹĶ
񱱹۾Ϻֵ۾ѩīŮۣȻǵ۾е̳Ϲ˸Һڡ
㶼۾Ƿ֮ǰٵУҲڻϹӰˡ
ȻһжֻڵĳϫԣԵЩңԶһϯ֮󣬳ϫŲСѹ
ԭ֮ΪԴĲͬͨһ۷񡢾񡢵ۼȵȲͬʡ
ڽ۾ʱֱӾ̭˾µĴڣ֮Ҳֻӵоʵ޵ߣлɾ͵۾֮
ǵģֻǻᣡ
ҪΪ۾ҪŬУ
ӵоʣֻǳɾ͵۾֮һǰˡ
۾֮ϣΪ֮Ĳͬ˲ͬĲࡣ
ӵС֮ĵ۾ڳ֮ʱŻϣ󣬷֮ã֮
һƣֲ֪ٵ۾֮С
һؿɸѡ֪ܹ̤۾֮ӵС֮֮޵ߣε֮ϡˣϹ򣬶Ƿëǡ
һϹСĿٿĿ֪һ;жɬˡ
ĳϫԣӵӵеۻʼԵʣѲĳ۾֮
ǲ׼ȥȡֻ֮ԺҲȥ֮ˡ
ʶһ㣬ϫסʵǰӶ˵ġ֮Լȥپȡ֮ʲôͬ
Ѳµϫʣ±ڴһ򾳵ıԴʱţֻԽԽ٣Ϻһλڻеo٣ֱһǧ֮󣬷űһλǿƿأȻλĸƿأֻʱϺ򣬱ԴѲĳɡ
˶٣ֻ֮Ϻҽ֮󣬽ˡ֮ڸĳֵ۾ʱϺıԴѲˡ
£ֵ۾Ȼ츳Ҫ̤֮ƾⲻɵ֮ȥУϣ󡣡
ϫ˼Ҳ˵Ҵʱӳֵ۾ж֮Ҳѳ֮ˣ
ͷűˣ𳺵ˣ˵ѩī֪ѩīһʱԴ֮ĴֱУѼûпõġ֮Ժֵ֮֮۾ϣСࡣ
û뵽һż֮ߡ
ϫ꣬ס̾˿ѣʵ̫ˣоԽߣҪһԵޱ֮ɬѲǸʵǸ˺츳ˡ
ԣȥѡ񿪱һµ硣
ȻڣдһĨݲʱѾδµ翪ٳµһᡣ
꣡
֣ϫסľѣܿͱһ仰
ʲô᣿
ϫ
ŵء
ղѾ߹㣬Ϲܹſٳ򾳵ģֻлŵء
ŵء
ϫظһ飬νּס
ŵ֮ǰҲѰٵλãеУٵӷ
Եúģӽ̸񣬹ڳϫκʣֻҪΪûشģһһ֮δʲô
ֻŵصĽȴѼ࣬⣬ò˶꣬ƾһͨС

٣
ϫһ𣬲ѿڵλٵĵòɣ
һЩȻͷû뵽Ҳ£٣ĩ֮ӳ˻ŵأȴ޷ȫĩ䣬ʬҲΪĩ֮򣬱񡣡
Ȼ
ϫɲ𾪣ϴУɱ٣֪ǻŵкεȿɲˣҲֲδ˿ٳµ򾳡
ǻŵеĽֻ޵ҲѴˡ
Իָ֮󣬳ϫüڡ
İɣƾɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̣ǵԺԺκһ֣ҲȻԴͨǰŵص·Ʋ⣬ʱֻ巽һˡ
ζΪɽ״ӣȻлС
ϫһ㹰ֵлǰָ㡣
ЩԺҲչ֪ġ
ʾضȻɻʲôɻ󣿡
ϫ룬ǰ֮ǰϡ
˵ִ꣬ϵѾҪδǣ
ϫͷ
̾Ϣһɸҳһ⡣


1775 װ
˵һȴֱӳ¹
ڡ
¹º͵
ϫɻҪʲô
ȥɱǡ
һ仰ϫס۾жһ
ǡ
¹һû˶
óϫڸȷţﲢڿЦ
һ뵽⣬вַһϵͳͷ߰ŵĿλ۾ڣ
赭дһ仰ж˶Է̣˭ˣֻ¶޷ˡ
ȻˣǾͳĨ󻼣Ҳ̫Էҡ
˵⣬ȻĿϫСһԺҪעˣܹΪģ޲־޼ɵĴڣɱ㣬ɲںǲɽ֮ˡ
ϫãͷܽˡ
һ̣һȷ˼ĸд𶯣ҲΪһӵοֲֶΡ
Ȼһ£ǲҳֵģϾ䲻κζ֣һ֣ɱһЩͷСĶ֣վ鷳
һ˵ţһ뿪֮ұ᳹׹ر̫ԷصԺ󡭡Ը⣬ߵ٣ܹѰٵ
ϫüΪˣ
ҡͷ㲻ʲô
ھǳʲôԭȴδԡ
ϫˣҲٶʡ
߰ɣȥһ۴ϡ
̧ȥ

ϫѾȷҶӦþǻ۴ϵĽɡ
ҶԣǷ۴࣬ϫԭΪͻ۴ϵļ棬ȻᷢһЩˡ
ǵλһ𣬼Ҷͻ۴ʱȴȻ鲢Լ
߲δҲδսûзϫԤеı˴˲ĳͻ
ʱֻҶϥĬĬ۴ƵģһԸҶο
Ȼ˹ϵѾǢֻҶԵúھΣ޷Լ
óϫ棬ҶǷ˻۴ʲô
Դ֪̫˽ϫҲʺȥѯ
İɣ۴̫۵ӣûҵͷԲˡ
￪ڣƽƽһ仰ȴֳһ۷
ҶĿȻֹæлǰȫأЩʡ
óϫȻû뵽ҶƼǿޱȵŮӣҲ˽һˡ

۴վߣ߷ߵϺ̫Ͻ̶̫ɶˣҶ֪˭ƾʲôҪҶ»
ˣӦøе˲ŶԣҶǵУûΥ־ˡ
ڰοһ
仰۴һŵҶ۵˵Ķԣҽͺ̫ܿϽıȡƷ
ҶЩж۴ϣô˵Ѻ̫Ͻ̷ֵˡ
ҽмһزãһ̫ܵϽ̺ϵжԣȱɣߣ̫Ҳá
۴ϿͰ͵ؿ
С
ԴǵȻȴ͸һɲɵζ̫Ͻ̴Ժ̫ۿɾͲðˡ
۴϶ʱʧޱȣӶ
ҶҲһɷףѳ׺̫Ͻ̻ޣ̫Ͻ̶ԣվһֱѡ
֪̫飬ڱߣǿɾԲĴ
һ̣ϫЩ̡
ǡϾҽ֮ô
۴ૣЩʧǡ
У̫ۡ
̾˿ɽŮ洹ԺԣͿǷˡ
ɽ
۴͵۾һ˳ϫС磬㲻ɽ״ܲܰҽ㣿
ϫһԥ
۴ϲˣקסϫӣС磬ɲܼȰ
ҶĻ䣬˲ֹ۴ϵ۴ϣҪǿѣ֮ɿûҶ֮
۴ȴǺ޺޵ųϫĴ쵰
ϫЦ˵òã˵æ𡣡
ղŻǸӣ
۴أԲá
ղҸ˵ģͱϡ
ϫε
һ£۴϶ʱ˼ˣڨڨС磬Բ𰡣ˣҸ
˵ţҪϫǸϫæסˣҰѻ˵òã
۴ͷԶԣС˵һģ
óϫҲݸԻ۴ϵĸйһֱľɾֱʣ˲ԾøС
ҿԴӦȥһԣȴұ֤ɽǷҶϾҲֻһӶѡ
ϫ˵Լԥԭǵģɽǵȵطټɽ̫ϽһֱͷǴҶȥʦʦ룿
ϫ仰ȴѾ۴ϲòѣȸԾͺãͺãܹûϣҪǿ̫ˡ
ҶȴЩԥ˵ʵɽϫĻеȷܸмȴұϣˡ
ô¾ͽˡ
һֱĬȻڣĿ˳ϫ
Ȼ
ϫͷȴѲ²⵽ղ֮Դһǰ۴ϺҶֻѴע⣬ԼȥҶˡ
ˣղż۴ԼʱʦģֻѰȥֹˡ
ϾۿԼͽȥ˰ԼʦȴﲻʲôæĸʦģֻﶼܱŤ
ȴһӣ󶼲ݳϫܾһȻд˴ˡ
ȻϫɲȥҴһ㣬ҲãͳԷѹϵĺȥɡ
ˡ
ʱ򣬰¹ȻԶѾˡ
óϫжʱһݣľ۾ѪӰ۾˴һ̿ʼѾʧˡ
˵ͷϫڱչأǵ۾ֻ֮޷һ뿪ˡ
ϫЦãܸǰУһĪ󸣷֡
ȴǵɽɱ̫ˣԸ⣬Ҳڴ˵С
ԲУ
£⵽˻۴Ϸԡ
ϫʱЦѾͷǵû죬Ҷ֮ء
Ҹ㣬͹ұϵĳ޹ҲֲϵȥҹұʱԻȥһ֮
ϫвЩݣ֪Ůʵˣȴƫƫ˾ˣȻϫжѡ
˵⣬Ȼʲôʱ뿪
ϫʦӦң꣬ʮǰҷţѾȥ꣬Ҳˡ
ʮꣿ
ü̾ϢˣֻϣʣµУʲôӰɡ
ֻǳĳԭҪر̫ͨԷصױչء
ϫȻ֪νӻ
ʣµʱ䡭
￪ڣһЩʲôȻﷺһĨ⣬Զ


1776 ʥĦ
Ȼֹ䣬Զ
κȻЦЦѾõ֮ˡ
δ£һˬ𣺡Щ꣬շСʦˡ
⣬ʯһĸоʡ
ϫ۾һʦ֣
ҶһӱþнޱȣļΪ֪λ˵еĴ
Ψ۴ϴ˴ȵ˭ѩ
ܿ죬һӰƮȻѩɢڼ磬¶һ׾ӵݣһ˫ӿ֮䣬ǳл𡢷ڣӳճĺ
ɽѩ
С۴϶ôˣի鵽˵ؾ磬治
ѩЦ۴ϵԴǺͰȻ֮ǰϵû۴ˡ
˵ʱѩֿ˿ϫСʦܣõˡ
ϫҡͷЦŲѡ

Ҷԥһ£һ
ҶѾͷҼǵ㡣
ѩ˵ͷɫºͣҶûһɡ
ˣ
Ȼڣдһ˿졣
̫Ͻ̵ʥĦٴһܣû뵽ϼһЩоҳ˸СĿ
ѩЦЦΪȻ
һ仰óϫжʱһݣʵԷֱʦ־ˡ
Ħ٣
֣ҶݺһӿһĨΪ̫ϽһϣȻʥĦٿһλӵֶͨεĵڣ
ЩһֱڱչأѰ̤̫Ͻһȴû˸ҺĴڡ
ΪĦ٣̫Ͻһʥ룬λ֮ߣȨ֮죬̫Ͻ
һ֮ǰɽͻһСĿ֪жǿ
Ȼ˵㣬ѵĦѿˡڽ࡯
˼
ȻûУҲѾˡ
ѩ룬ȻҡͷЦҿɲҺܶ࣬·Һֻ֮»Ҫսʮֳܷ꣬ʤ
ҪҪҰæ
˼Ƭ̣ڵ
ˣһ֣ϼһֻ»ӵһκò״סҿɲˡ
ѩԴƽȻһӣɻȴ͸һĨζ
óϫʱףʦѩǶɱģҪ׽̫ʥĦ٣
ȻϣΪλҪǰˣ
ʵ
ҴӦСʦǰȥģȻ
ѩЦЦȻ̾˿ЦҲ˿ЦźǣҲֻԼȥˡ
ʦֻ֣С¶ѣ㲻طϣǸĦսʱҪСһЩ
ϫæ˵ЦֻǻɽѣֻҪָ·ԼҪˣõѩٽԼһˣ
ǴȥǱнԼ鲻ɡ
ģһĦٿκβʦ֡
Ȼڣ˼ؿ˿ѩ
ѩһЦԡ
Сʦܣ˷ڱͨŵ·ڣ֮Ի˽Ӵ㡣
ѩóһһǳƵģȻԣӨӨ⣬ö롣
ϫæӹһɨʱƵͼϢǾǰɽ֮ص·ˡ
ʦַİɡ
ϫЦЦȻĿ⿴Ҷԥʦ֣һҪ㡭
ضԣѾˡ
ѩЦŴϣСʦܣľֻҪȷǶ֧֣Ͼɽˡ
лʦ֣
ϫͷӿһĨů
һԵҶϫѩ֮䣬ͰԼ;һͽˣ۾һʱЩš
о͸пɽĶ֮ŽԶͬԼĽ͵̣µعС
̫ˣ̫ˣ
۴һԼֻ㵸ˡ
С۴ϣҪҲһɽΣ
ѩˣݸ
۴ϷԥؿһߵҲȥǡ
㲻ȥ
ܸɴؾܾˣгһ۾ֻԼľ
۴ĿʱһȻͷƲ첻ѣʵЩھͺͽҶֿˡ
Ȼھ뿪ɡ
Ŀ⿴ѩϾ˼Ѳڴ˼ˣ˵Ŀɶԣ
ȷĦϼһﻹڵңҿɵȲҸڻӵ
ѩȻЦ

ѩĿ죬뿪Ҳ죬̶̲ӣҴҶȥƺ˴ǰͽֻΪ˼һϫ
ѩ뿪ãϫҶҲ뿪̫ۣǰ
֮ǰѾнӹ壬ִӴʦѩõͨŵͼȻûٴ̫ۡ
ûŻ۴ϡ¹ͫ⨺СϫҶС
֨֨
ۼϫҶҪ뿪Сץһǲᡣ
ͷ
ƳһСвһ̾ľѾ仯
Сܵǳ⣬ʱºͷٶ
ϫ
Ȼס˳ϫ
ǰк£
ϫŤͷȻʵ
µĻôһ֮
ָСҲ߰ɡ
ϫʱһ
СҲһϲѣüЦֻצһ𣬹ڵϣߵס
Ǿ߰ɡ
ϫЦȴҲΪˡ
ȥɡ
˻֡
СɴƵģӵವһ´ܵ˳ϫϣһźϾǿЦ֮ɫ
ǰǡ
ϫ˹֣תȥ
СϣأԲϻ֣¹۴ϵ
ֱȦһ죬ҲҪƵġ
ףиվδ̤̫Է벽ľȾ¶Ӱ㣬񼴽Ȼϲ񣬿һ뵽ʹ뿪¹۴ǣҲΪᡣ
ͺһ̤ţһ㣬Ŷ㽺˷ܣȴֶԹԸᣬľΪӡ

ΪС뿪ҾͲУ
ųϫǵıӰʧ۴ϲЩѹ૵
ǵ˵ĻôϫĪ⣬ѣһУʵϼˡ
̾˿аɣϫպ۾ʱȥѰڴ֮ǰȴٺκǣ
۴һȻΪҪ᲻õֻҽѡ
ҲһǺԳһҲ̫ˡ
˵ţ˫ָתأ¹ȥصӽʼչǱޡ
ǣˡ
¹ףƮȻתȥ

۴ϸߣֹ
˵
ﵭȻ
۾ľͿȥô
۴ԥãŵʵ
ֹĬãʱ򡭡ֻҲס㣬𣿡
֪ҡ
۴ϱסĸ첲ЦòȻޱȡ


1777 
ǿգ׳

һղһͬйͨܿϫҶͫ⨺Ӱ߳
ϫһ򣿡
Ҷֻʮ򾳣ԵִС
ʹϺ̫ԷһصͬϫǴ˴뿪ʱߵصǵҶǰʱߵһص
С۾شΧһУЦͣԵú˷ܡ
һ뿪̫Էʶһж˺档
ϫһǾͳɡ
ʱ꣬Ҫ̤ϵĽϫҲһĨڴ
Ҷ˵ͷж
Ȼߵĳϫüëһס
ৣ
δ£Զǿһ󲨶磬ӳֳһӰ
˫ü罣һϮɺۣ͸һɢζ
ϫ۾ϢǿҲԲһ˿ֻҲǷ֮ӵˡ
ֵֻģѿҫۣΪλԶѵһֱڵȴԼ˳֣
ܿ죬ϫ֪˴𰸡
ãˣˡ
Ǻһߴǿⲽһ̾ϢɫһĨп
ã
óϫʱһݣԷȻҶˡ
ҶҲЩ⣬ȴ޼˵ϲãɫһҶ㣬ôˣ
ҲֹˣڴѵȺꡣ
Ҷ˹ڣԭһΪ̫ˣ˭롭Ȼţ⡣
Ҷü䷺һĨʲô˼
ʲô˼ҵҪ㣬۴Ϻ֮ĻΪλᱻٵ
һӣҶ㴽ǵЦʧĿɨҶ֪٣ҶҿǺܱ
ô˵ʦģ
Ҷһû뵽Ÿ뿪̫ۣ
ϫ򲻽ЩȣЩ͸ҶλҶ֮便ʲôϵˣˣȴǳһš
ҲóϫʶΪҶ̫ʱԸԼǰɽҲԸҶˡ
ֻ٣˱ɱ֮󣬲ֹ̫Ͻ̣Ҷ֮Ҳ֮ء
ֻóϫû뵽ǣԷĶ֮죬ǰŲ뿪̫ۣͱĳһѵȺڴ˵Ҷ㡣
д˿ɼһٵ֮ҲҶвһȻ󲨡
ʦֻȷϣ˭ٵǻ
Ҷ
һ𣿡
ҶЦ
˸˵ΪжʧѾҶ³ŭִԲ򣬿ɱְֳץȥ
Ҷޱ飬Ŀ⺮â˸ȵѺʱڿɾˡ
ɱƣնȻýţҩζ
ʲôϵ
ϫȻʵ
ѪԵ㣬ҵ֣ǣԴСʱҵĳˣֻôΪ棬Ӳἰ°ˣΪ˵˵ΪױֻѱǸӸĨɱ
ҶмɫĿ¡
һֱУ˭Ҳ֪ѳ׾նϺҶϡ̫Ͻ̵ĹϵȻίԼ
ϫʱһû뵽ҶϻޣΪ棬ܹڳǰôֱ꣬ű֪Ǻε֮ʹࡣ
һʱ֮䣬ϫЩҶ˳˳ˣζעˡ
һ̣ҶɫҲȻһ䣬Щ⣬ȳ˵˵Ҷҿǳ׷ˣ
ôҳ𣿡
Ҷɫ䣬͸޾ĺͳ
ֱ˼棡
䣡
˵ʱҶ͵һָ̧֣ܻΪһɫɽѹʱգݺݳҶɱȥ
һ˵ԣҪɱҶ

ϫȣСȴһ͵һУסһԱɨȥ
һ̵СЩͣսδ֮ߣͷ֮ˣһսԵ׺ޱȣսƵģɱǬɨ֮š
䣡
춯صײ쾪׼Բǧǿеʯն촷ۣɢ
ҶܻĽɫɽױұ۶ù죬ָڶѡ
ܼʱͱһ
ϣ
ҶʹɫŤֱţԼһ֮£ͻᱻԷ˺
Ҫ֪Ҷϵĵϵһǧ꣬ΪԲ֮λз֮񾳵ھʮԺһϹﲢ
ڵУҲŵҫȻ
ȴһֻһұۣνܵˣ
䣡
ɻҶعСٴɱ򵥴ֱٲȻһɱʮѹϵļơ
أ
Ҷʶһɫ޸֮Ӳײɫ޸Ȼ飬Ӳá
ҶߵķݣɳȥݺһŻߵϡ
һ£ϫҲݣ֮ǰСɨľ۾ѪӰ۾ǽˡ̫ԷֵĽʶ׺ޱȣ޵С
뿪̫ۣȴܷӳʵϫȲѡ
ǳϫûС߱Ϊδ۾Ҳж۷Ĵڣλз֮񾳵ʮҪǿһأ
ɶ񣡡
УҶԡѪͷسޱȡ
ҶĪΪ˰֣Ϳ޷ˣţӽԺ㽫Ҷϵĳ裬ؽõѪУ
УתĶӡ
СԤϵһĻȻһЦӰһһĨɫ⣬ٿȻѵҶ֮ǰһͷ£
¡¡
ӰɽƹЮ֮ɲ˵˼¡
ҡ
Ҷһھ֣ȴѱ޿ɱܣһֱҵͷ­飬ҳѪĭɽ
⻭̫ѪȣҲ̫׺ֱ˼¡
ϫӣֹС鶯ɣ˭սײУ
ꡭ
Ȼϫע⵽Ҷ㱻ɱ֮ʲô飬һ׹ٿȻʱնȥ
СҪأ֮ס
Ҷش֮ƣһѣͻᴫﷵ壬еĴ֪һС
Ҷɫһӱɷס
ϫһݣƣ
Ҷ㲻ɱǼһɣʵ̫ɶ֮ǰҶȥˡ
Сʱѷأָһ鶯ģЩڨڨͷ˵
ұ˳㡣
ҶǿһЦǲںҶǵҶѶҶϣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ǻץʱɣȷɽ֮󣬾Ͳݻٷʲôա
ϫƬ̣ܿϡ
ԲΪǣ㡣
ҶǸȻ
סⲢһ˵£һһҪɱҲӦɱҲŶԡ
ϫ


1778 ɱ
ڳϫҶƱ飬ϢȻҶڣһȻ鷳ǰ
ʱΨץʱǰ򣬽ɽܱ鷳š
Ͼ³ϫţʵҲȫһǿĲ֪Ӵ˶µҿ⡣
οڻ֮ľ۾ѪӰ۾ɱֻϡ̫ϽҲѱ˵ɳչж
ৣ
ûٵ飬ϫϽͫ⨺СҶһŲʱնȥ

麣һ©ϵ
ҶХӰϥһʯϣž
ǵҶϵϵһ۷ǿߣغطѾ֮á
ĿֻһҶ
Ϊһ̫ͨԷص
أ
ȻһҶХһɫȻӻһյͭơ
ԭ𣬴˿̵оȴȻȼƹܻһĻ
Ļתӳֳ֮ǰǿеһĻĻ
տʼҶҶڶţԻ鶼ֵ
⣬ҶХжʱһһ٣ӦҶֲϵ
Ļһ䣬Ҷ㿪ʼ֣ȴһͷ׺Ľɫӳס
䵱Ҷ㱻ǺӴݿܣɱʱҶХͫҲȻһȻѡ
ͫ⨺
׺Ľͫ⨺
ҶХһƬκˣĿȴǹĻҪŸ
ûãһεӰڹĻϣһϮĺǿհ嫣ʸǹȻһֱֳĵ
һ˭
ҶХüϸȥҲڴʱһӰŤͷĿңңӹĻ
ҶХӦصһĻȻѣһоȫѹ׷ʧ
ҶҹˣɱԼҶˣֱĿﲻˡ
ҶХɫˮ߬Ϩͭƣָڸףŭ˼¡
һҧ૵£֮ЩǣǲȫͨɱҶˣ
˵ʱҶХóһöƼ챦ȻǽͭС
ಣ
һ̣ļͻһĨɫ磬ʱʧ
Ϊ޼󡱣ںεأֻҪ˱ܹһյʱڣԴʱգִҶУ

Ҷ塣
û뵽СѾͷ꾹ǵ£ô꣬ǿʵ˾̾
òУһޱȵһĨп֮ɫ
Ҷ峤ҶӣԼһȨ峤ϣ˿̽Զ⣬ɫׯࡣ
ֻһʱвɫ΢΢һ䡣
϶ɣҴ˴Ҷ⺢Ѳѣʣµ飬ͽˡ
ǲϵٴȴԵĮȻ֮¹㿴Űɡ
ȺУһɫֵҷľˡ
Ҷ϶ɣҶĸףͬʱҲҶһλϣ峤Ҷӵİܡ
һλ۾ڣƺš϶ɵ۾
ֻ϶ԣҶ϶ɲ̤۾ǧ꣬Ϊֻһǵ۾ˮ׼֮ߵֳҶӣȴҪࡣ
ɼˣϾһλ۾ӵתǬɽ֮ҲҶеһԱ۷
峤ҶӿҶ϶ȥϴ´ࡣ
ܿ죬Ҷ϶ɱȥ
ӣο£
ǲϵٴ
ӦòҶٵȴ޷ȷǷ̫λ
Ҷһ˵

ǲһ񶨣նǣͬһ׮£һֽйߡ
ǡ
ҶһЩɻ󣬡˭
˭Ҫ֮ǰѴ¸̫֮Ͻ̺ϣԻɳȥ̽һС
һĨµĲɣУȴ½һǰ̫Էһһ׮½ˡ
Ҷüëһ壺Գ棿棬ǷЩСˣ
Ҫǿɲʸ񡣡
̾˿ȥɣϡ̫ϽȡϵĪҪˡ
Ҷӵ˵ͷ´һ뿪

һ죬ӵҶдϢһ˵ϣһ̫Ͻ̣һ
йسϫҶͫ⨺ǺҶŵĻ棬ҲǱ
٣ɱľ۾ѪӰ۾䣬ֱǶϵĪƣ
ʲôȥ飡
һҪ˭ɵģҪˣҪʬ
һ죬дһȣ͸޾ŭĲѡ
죬вٵǿ߳˷Хȥ

̫Ͻ̣
˱ߣǶԱ̵£ԵĨȥ񽫣Ҷ롮ѪǴء

һ죬̫Ͻ̡񽫡Ҳ


ϫһ˺򣬼ǿճԶŲơ
֮󣬱ǽԨ
ϫǼǵãյִ̫ʱϰָһƺšĵ۾ԨС
ʱλ۾ϫϰףһǰԨͣĲˣջǱϫܾˣöԷΪźԳճϫ·ԨһҪǰȥݷһ֮ꡣ
ϫû˼ȥݻԷˡ
һ·Īһ˿¶УΪ٣˱ɱҶ㱻Ѿನ
Ҳζţһ·ע̫ƽˡ
ʶϫ˿ΨһĴǣɽ鷳ˡ
ǰǺպġϵҪӽԨִһѪ򣬾ֻܺᴩϵ
Ҷܵһͨ·죬˲֪ٴΣʶ·ϫںǿʧˡ
ϵ
ϫ۾Զʲôô
һƬϵԶ߲֮ǣƵվأֻеβŸҺС
Ҷɿͣźܾ֮ǰϵһƬʥأ֮ԻģΪһλͨʱ߻ħٶʬ֮󣬻Ϊ޾սһƬϵ׸ǣ㲻ɢֱ񣬾ͳģ
˶٣Цϵȴһȫͨǰȫ
ϫͷͺá
̸֮ʣԶȻӰȻǴϵǱ
ô£һͨʲôʱ˰ѿˣҪҵݣֱ
˷߷߲ƽ
ˣ˵䣬ȻҰѳϵеһ·Щ˵Բˡ
˸ο
ߣΣ˰Ետ϶ˣ
죡СĻӿڳ
޵һ߷ɶݣһߵ̸ܿͺͳϫǲʧ
ǲ֪ǣȻõǴ̸ȴǱϫԽƵظ֪
ȵȵȣƺЩ
ϫٿȻ㣬Զϵﾡ


1779 ϵ
ϵΪһֻչɵ񣬳ǧǳڻҝ֮У͸һ˵Ĺζ
Գǿвϴ޵߶ԣһƬϵԲİˡ
˵ϵожֲȴܸȷеĴ𰸡
ΪĴУЩðȻϵе޵Уûģ
ʱ޵ҲϵںգֻƵվķɱ١
Ǹģ֪ȴϵԵغˡ
Һãϵһȫͨ޵ߴвϴ
ʱϫȻֹɫأʱҶһ
ôˣ
̲סʵ
ϵһ·Ѿ˰ѿˡ
ϫü
㻳Ҷɳ
ҶһݣɫҲء
пܣҶ֮ˣҲȻѡ˵ãݴ͵ǻƲ⵽ʱڽ򣬱Ȼᾭ˵ء
ϫɿԼƲ˵˳
ǡǷҪıһ·ߣ
ҶüҲû뵽һ֮졣
ı·ߵĻǿɲ֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䣬һҵĲֹҶϣϡ̫Ͻ̵ҲʱĻǼǰжֻҲѾˡ
ϫ
֪׷ɱٴˣȻһ˱ܣͻԼ뱻Ϊ˵ԶԤĻҪǿ
£Ҫƾֻ֣ӭѶϣ˱ܺԥ
ȻӭѶϲζӲӲȷԼĿ꣬þһֶȥʵ֡
˵ô죿
Ҷʵ
ϫƳҶͽͫ⨺СһۣȻЦ㲻ãһж̫ˣ

Ƭ̺
ϫȻһˣһĨٿȻԶϵȥ
ʱҶͽͫ⨺СѾУģҲǷı䣬ǰˡ
ټϡơڸϢǺͳϫ˴˿ֻ̿¶ϲˡ
ܿ죬һƬһƬҝӿҰУϫӰϵԵ
ЩҝУżΪĸʴһҪ͸ϫѪƤĤꡣ
͡
ϫһϢת׽Щҝɢ⡣
֮ȻԵǰֻ¶޷ˡ
ĬĬ֪һ֮ϫҲһݣ⻹ֻϵԵѣУֻ»ˡ
һ
㣡
㣬ʵ㣡
Ųȥһ֮ԶԶ
ϫ̧ȥͿǱҝڸǵǳм䣬һۿɼ·ۣչС
ͺһƬҝУһѤĺһ㡣
ǾǴƬϵġֻͨͨǰǿУȻһӰ
פڡͨУԶȴΧ£֮ƣһƬǿճ׷
֮Ҫһͨ󣬾ͱ뾭صˡ
ԶԶأϫע⵽ͨ޵ߣ£ʮˣȻһɫ񾳴ڣ
ֻʮˣǿɶÿһλڣκУԳƵһˡ
ҶǱѣǱ̫ϽеһϣλԶ洫֮ϡ
ұ롢Ʒȵ򶥼еϹҲŽֻ۷εΪˡ
񣬽Ϊ˿һǿͨĳڣȻʮλǿߣκ˼ˣֻ¶Ϊ֮𾪡
ҳϫע⵽ʮǿ䴩Ŵ粻ͬ½ؿλãԶһͼڡ
óϫһӾжϳǹȻҶϣ
ΪҶϵͼڱ⡰ϵͼǡҫ족һ۾ͿԿס
ĵǺܿ죬Ϊ٣Ҷ㱻ɱҶҲڶŭˡ
ϫ˼ܿоһע⵽ڸղһɲǣһɿֲԼϺɨܿʧ
ϫ֪ĿȴǲһƳʱע⵽ԶһƬУһʯʯϺȻϥһ۾ӰϢɬ֣ϸ̽Ը֪Ĵڡ
۾
ϫͫײһ£ͻָȴǾû뵽Ϊ˶ԸԼҶϾǿˡ
ʱв޵ͨǰҶϵ˼ʹ֮󣬷űС
ܿ죬ֵ˳ϫ
֡
һ׳͵ڡ
Ѱ
ϫɫƽ
վű𶯣
˵ʱǴ׳зһԹɫУʼϸӳϫ
ˡ
һɲǼ䣬ϫ͸ܵһɹı紥ְ㣬ӿԼڣžѨϳԼӶȥ
ȻǴ׳һطֵͨ̽ȫϸ
ַȴǼΪ񣬾ͺñȰǹ˵·ȥһ㣬ǸѰֻŭˡ
ȻʱʮλҶϵǿߣ˭Ҳֻˡ
ߣ
ۼһɹصıҪԼϫвһߣеĽȻɢһϢȫڱΡ
һ£Ǵ׳еģһƬųƿݽһ㣬
٣Ǹùļһưܵģˡ
׳Ŀ⣬¶һĨ֮ɫֵߡ
лˡ
ϫȴǰһתҪ뿪ɾڴʱȻһ𡪡

Į֣ȴǳһĪϡ
ϫһ𣬶ʱӿһĨĸо㲻һжɻжԶձһ󲨶ӳֳһӰ
۾һۣ͸һ˵ϢҶڴˣһͿϳλҶϳҶ϶ɣҲҶĸ϶ɵ۾
ˣҶʮλǿ߽Զһɻѣʲô
Ҷ϶ɸһ֣ĿƵģһʱסϫˣֳԭΣ
һ仰ҶʮλǿһݣʶأӰһһɲǼ䣬ͽϫΧ£·
ϫĿУǴһĨɣԼһɭȻɱ
λǺ⣿
ϫ侪ȴüѣδ¶ʲôҡ
ˣ˿αװΪƭеġ΢澵
϶ɵ۾ݱ䣬ˮһﷺޱȵɱ
˵ʱȻֳһֻԲ͸ͭһ°㣬ڳȻϼ
ʱ˺ȻǾУϼ磬ճһӰ忡Ԩ
һӰݺǰȫһһһһޣ
һӣҶʮλǿɫĿ¶ɱ֮ǰǾ㱻ȥ
ǵģ䲻ϵǰĳϫȴϵþһӰǸ֮ǰҶԼһֻͫ⨺һɱҶ֣


1780 
΢澵
һҶ洫鱦ӵ֪ɿﱾ棬κ۷ڴ˾ԭα¶
ϫ䲻ϵô˱ɵĿǾԼʱʱ֪Ҫ㣡
ȻһɲǼ䣬ҶʮλǿɫԶɱӿһ˲糱ӿԼ
ϣ
Զ϶ɵ۾ĮȻȡ
ৣ
֮ʣϫѼس
һ̵磬ҲǱɽӣһһһλǿɱȥ
ۣ
һĨѪɽǿ߻Ӧͱնͷ­ǿƥĽӲ궼촷ۣײ
һж̫죬ɲ֮ɣ϶ɵ۾µʱǿǱеѪ
нԶݺһͫŭӵ˼¡
ǿͬ飬ҶһΪ۷徳ҶУҲһλϹＶĴڡ
Ȼ˿̣ϲҽУһغθˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һնɱҶ֮󣬳ϫֳͣس󷽱˶ȥ
ǰе۾򣬳ϫɲɵȥͶԷӲƴˡ
ˣӣ
󷽣Ҳͬ˰أһߣϫ͵һֳһھ޸ɱ
¡¡
޸Юڹ⣬ƿʱգ񱩺壬ֱҪɱǬߵС
ߣ
ϫߣسƮ⣬৵һƾʧ
Ľʽ
һ˵翣ȥ٣ƾһƳڤڤƵ⣬λӰ
ã
ǰпһƾɱĥ³ľ飬ʶܡ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ܼʱž޸ұȴӲնϣ׷ɰգʱʹҺѡ
ѾǽңѲֹǶϵһ첲ԱĨȥ
ȱʣѶǷӦ˷ٴνϫΧ£
һɫ͸޾ɱ
һ̣Ҳʶǰ˵ļ֣Ѱɱȡ
ɱ
һϣ
ЩҶϵǿŭ𣬼񱦣һɷ㣬ϫɱ
һʱ֮䣬ᡢ桢ǹꪡԣͷſɲƣкµȺ¡¡ѹʱգǳʢĹ⣬Ƭǿնû
죡
ʮλǿһǵȳ濰Ǿ춯أףǿĲ˼顣
Ѱ֮ڴˣֻѷе

һ̵ĳϫɫȴɳĮɣΨһԨĺȼ۽ɱ
䣡
ƱǣΪصķܣسԽХƵĽӳĵִǿգʮĸ㡣
ৣ
̤ÿһѨ籡ԣΪһɬͼɢ˷
ء
һ񱦺Хɱһ䣬һײһ𣬲ĺ
һɲǼ䣬Բ֮ڵǳԶҲҡҡ׹ǧ򣬸Ȼ飬Ϊ촷ۡ
ȻɲޱȵĹȴ޷ϫͼ
ЩҶǿͫԶһսδ̫˰ɣ
ৣ
Ҳڴʱϫٴչس赭дһն
һ˿̻Ϣ
ӯԭʼ컯Ȼĵϡ
һ֣һּµ񾲡ȻоĿĿôۣ˶̲סС
дԡ
ж
һӳصϵġ̺ġС𺳡
⣬ǽʶ֮ƣ

һ˲䣬ҶһǿнԶһĨޣ֮ıļ¡
ޱȵļ£
ÿһΪ޲̤۷УҶеѰһжΪƾǵΪԸһĶ֣һʦڡ
һΪҶ׼ŭ϶ɵ۾Ҳһˡ
ҲΪƾѹκζˣ˭룬һ棬߾һλǿ߱նһλǿ߶ϵұۡ
Ƕֳ䲻ɵĽ
Ȼ󣬵Դȫ֮ȴδһɱ֣ǳ׸е𾪣Ҳǰ˵Ŀ¡
Ȼһ̣ĿóϫնһѲ𾪣ļ£ȻһĿ־ӡ
ʲô
ҡҷԱ򶨡

ҶЩǿߺͳϫʼʱһֱڼԶ϶ɵ۾ǲһĨЦ
ϫĿ翴һˡ
ΪҶĲõλ۾Ҳ޷򶨣лޱȵķŭɱ
ԣԶ˶ɣҪΪ˸ѪĴۡ
ƵķչЩ϶ɵ۾ϣϫһԶ࣬Ȼ·磬Ҳݡ
ϫ񹂣˷йʱ϶ɵ۾Ҳľѡ
Լµ˶Էȴǲţ˵޷ܡ
ɽ
Сôɽģ
϶ɵ۾нһɲǣʹע⣬ΪӱŲܶԷʲô
ȻһɲǣϫնһʱɫҲȻһ䣬ʧеСģˣ

϶ɵ۾ף쳹ǿգȴѾһ
ڳϫնһһɲǣһݵĿɲϢٿȻɢȫʱΪ֮ᣬΪ֮ʧ
أ
һ̣һֲı쳹Žɢһһ񱦱촷۵
ۡ
ͬʱһһѪɽ񷣬ЩҶǿܣеն룬еıжʺеֱӱһ֮ΪѪĭɽ
Ѫȵ˼£Ҳ˵˼£
ǳϫһ̤֮ںõǿһǵƣѷɱȡ
ˣ
һĻһȣһɿֲϫɱȥ
أ
ϫֽס϶ɵ۾һȴӲе˳ʮಽѪһڡ
ԭһ϶ɵ۾ƲʶǰӪȣȴǿߣʮ˳ױն
µǿҴȴѾˣŵøεѣ־һս֮
С飡
϶ɵ۾ɫ࣬뷢ŭţϫĿ׵缤䣬ޱȡ
ԼƤ£Ȼʮλ˱ɱֱܴ裬϶ɵ۾Ҳ޹⣬ױŭ
Ѱ˱ɱҲˣʮλ۷ڣ
һʧô࣬Ҷ϶ҲһسǵĴ
С飬㳹׼ŭ˱˭ձ븶ĴۣΪһ
϶ɵ۾ʱһɿֲϢư㣬ٿȻְ˻ϣһƬ


1781 Ծ۾
ڱʶһɲǣϫ֮޷ˡ
ʶһ֣սپȡһлΪϧȫ
ԣһɱҶ
ԣһնǰߵһۣȻԭǴȡ߶Էġ
̬ķչǳϫԤϣЩҶǿ߱ԤеĻҪǿһЩҷӦٶҲһõͻΧļƻһա
£ϫϣֻѡնɱЩǿߣȥӦ
ǣһ棬ʩչʶ֮һСţʽն
һҲóϫɥʧӶ˱ܵĻᣬԤеһ㣬Աŭ϶ɵ۾ʱδκλҡ
ͬϫҲκδˡ
񾳽ʱ۾ڵֶΣʱڷ֮⣬֮ϣϵġ۾
ʱ۾һ仰óϫ޲ߣѹŮۼʱȣʵ롣
ֱ񾳣Ů۽ҲϫԵ۾֪̣Ҳ񾳺͵۾ǿ֮Ĳࡣ
۾ڣԿϹеĶһӵƿתǬ֮ơ
۾֮µĴڣֻܸ׳Ƴ
ڣӵеۻʼ͵֮ԭʼľڶ֮սѷɱȣڴ˿λҶϵ϶ɵ۾ʱϫɲòضԴˡ
κһ˿Ĵ⡣

ɲѹգƬ
ŭе϶ɵ۾ȼ£ͨţƣƬǿһŵĿֲΧС
ʱաߡʯǳﶼɪɪ׳Ƴ
۾һŭʬ϶ɵ۾еĵ۾һŭǵѰˡ
һ̵ĳϫɫҲص˼£ӿһݣ
ԣ޼ȫתÿһ缡۽ȼգڣȫԴ
С飬֪ôԭǲɱģϾЩΣֻ£ɱеĿˡ
϶ɵ۾ǻз͸һɱ˵
ǣǧ򲻸ãɱҶôˣղк㣿
϶ɵ۾ɱȣͬ׳գ䶯ҰɽΣֻҪˣ˭֪ǱΪ
ڷϻΪ˵ƬǿҲ֮͸׷·
֮һ̣е۾ǰӭݣϫ޿ӣ޿ɱܣ
ϫУȻע⵽ƬϢı仯δʹ˻ңĮȻɱҿɲô׵ģСİ

ǿɫʵۣ϶ɵ۾סŭЦըף¡¡졣
ɽӹȻ˲ã̤۾ǵһƱģ
˵⣬϶ɵ۾һǷһĨɭȻ̵Ļȡ
䣡
ͻأسˣȵһץ
һ̣Ƭʱݣһɿֲ˺֮ХݺѹϫҪ飬˺촷ۡ
һȷŷ˼֮֮ﶼ촷ۣƬǬҡ
ͷƬسһƬ˿ȴһ˺ѡ顢ݣ֮
ǵ۾ƣ
ѣһ֣ƿ䡣

ǳϫԺ󣬵һһ۾ĺŭһǵȿɲƣҲһ
ৣ
ûκγɣس⣬ȼգҫ죬ЮŰɱȥ
ʽ
ĽΪ嫵һ
أ
һײԺȻɢ
ϫĵ˳ʮಽն̤һһɼһóϫܵ˺εȿɲĳ
ֱ㣬ɫҲ͵һףѪڷݡ
վסһ
ڵΪסһλ۾ǿߵһ
Ȼֻһֻϣܹ쵽һߣ˻Ȼ
ţ
϶ɵ۾ͫһУҲû뵽˾סԼһȻЩǱɱϾ
ֲø˿ʣ֮ǰʮ֮ˣϧֵԽǿ󣬾Խᶨ˱ɱľģ
ɱ
˵ʱ϶ɵ۾ٴγӿһĨҫ۵ɫ硣
꣡
ɫպݺһٿȻΪһӲӵĳìϲԵ֮ì֮߱
һҪȸղŸɲһ֣ͻ䣬ƽƬصĴ֮ȫգһɫìϡ

ʶأϫسһ񣬵תһԲĽĻĻ磬³ѭУһƻɬӨ֮ڷ⡣
Բʽ
Ľǿʽ
ΪĥһУϫбǺѽһеĺİ͸
Ϊ͵ȫͬʩչıԲʽҲΪɭϻԲ޷죬ˮ©
أ
һɲǣɫìɱ£һ羪ըһ˲佫ǽĻ飡
Ҳ˵ϫǿķֶΣֵסԵ۾һ㱻߽⡣
Ȼ󣬳ϫٴαˣһƺߣѪɫǱò԰
һԺȴĮȻĿȼշڵ۽ֱҪٻ񷡣
ѳжϳλ϶ɵ۾սȻҪǿҪǶ۾Ҫһأľ۾ѪӰ۾硣
Ȼһ㣬ʣϫҲ޷֤ƾԼܹԷˡ
Ͼǵ۾ڣߵ𣬹мǿܹ羳ɱԷģ
Գϫļʶδ˵顣
סˣ
϶ɵ۾һɫ࣬ϫչֳǿսȫԤɣǷҹϺҹϺԲˡ
֪϶ɵ۾ɱĴһˣպһɳǾԻΪҶϵĸ󻼣
Щͷеʯ϶ɵ۾û֣ͣٴγ֡

˫һץȻӿһӲӵ磬ҫ۳ʢ򣬽ƬǿնĿ֮
꣡
϶ɵ۾ȣ绯ƿ׵oɫ׵磬趯߿ޣݺݳԶĳϫɱȥ
⾰̫ɲָ߱أ̢ɽ֮ɱ֮㽫ʮǿյһʯը촷ۡ
ȻѶŭĵ۾֮Ҫһ֮ڳ׻гϫԾ󻼡
أ
ϫȻʶһ㣬ͬʱһ
һ͵ɡȻǰſɡԲڣڳһƬȻޣʮأ


1782 鱦
޽ɡ
һϵ鱦çŻ棬ֱϫɱ֮鱦Ҳ뵽˳ϫС
ˡ
ʱ˱ϫʱͷ֮⣬ӵƬض
ϲɬƣɡ治תʥǷ
¡¡
ͬʱ϶ɵ۾ǻӶӲӵɱ߿裬ݺݺ޽ɡ棬쾪װĺ
һɲ֮䣬һ޽ɡͱɳȥ
϶ɵ۾ǣоʧȥ˳ϫټ
޽ɡⲻϵ洫鱦СУ
϶ɵ۾ĿⲻһƳʱһɳȥıע
ţòСǸϫɣ
أ϶ɵ۾Ȼǰһţ˵ɽ״ӳϫçŻɱũұܷλΪ˶۾Ůۡɽѩ׷׳Ӷ䶯¡
Ҳʱϫ֮Ҳ糤˳һ㣬Ϲ֪
޵ߣȻ϶ɵ۾⣬ɵ֪ϫɽ״ӣѩСʦʱ϶ɵ۾Ҳòˡ
ǣû뵽ڴ´˿ԼҪԸС飬пܾǸϫ
϶ˣ
֮ǰսʩչͼɽĲ֮أټϴӵսҲֻɽǵȵطȹ̥ˡ
ЩͷһɲǼ϶ɵ۾ҲЩɡ
һ³ϫֻɽһѰӣҲڻɵ˵ɱɱˡ
ɵϫһɽѩСʦܵʱͲò϶ɵ۾ɵ
ΪҶеһϹŶ϶ɵ۾ǱѰ˶ɽĵжɲ
Ҳ˿һ˿ɵԭڡ
һɲǣĿԶǱɵ޽ɡԼǲĺҶ㣬Լ֮ǰ¾ʮʱ϶ɵ۾еһ˿ɵҲʧ١
ṵ̆ȼյҰɱٴηڣѴע⳹׽ϫɱ
ֻҪ֪˭֪Լɵģ
οСɱԼĺ
˶Ĺ

ߣҲСˣʲô
֪ϫټƾֱ϶ɵ۾һ˲ͽ޽ɡϡ
ңȷϫδӶݣΪⷽԲڵǿѱϢ
䣡
϶ɵ۾̽־ͳһ޽ɡץȥǳô˻һ鱦Ҳһջˡ
ˡ
Ȼһɲǣһӻ춸ȻڿնܻһƬһƬԣգۼ乹һ󣬺ݺݳ϶ɵ۾ɱ
ӻ죡
ϵ洫鱦
϶ɵ۾ͫһ͵һȣиֳһӲӵգ֮Ӳ
¡¡һֲײ쳹ӻܻĴȻܡ
ñϧСУװ˷ƣԺɱܰɣ
϶ɵ۾ЦһѾͳӻץȥ
һѾȷϫڸֻһϢķţɱԼĸ֪ˡ
䣡
ۼ϶ɵ۾Ҫ֣Ȼ֮䣬һص쳹ƴӻпٵش
ͬʱһŲȻԵɫ𣬱ӡصĵƣ֮
ˣ
⧲֮£϶ɵ۾ĤҲһʹԴЩͣѪڣޱȡ
ԪǱ飡
϶ɵ۾һϳԵϵ鱦ŭ֮࣬вӿһĨʢ̰
޽ɡӻ졢ټԪǱ飬鱦ˣ
϶ɵ۾ѰҲֻӵһ鱦Ļ뵽һСһУӵô鱦
Ҫ㾿ʲôֶΣ
϶ɵ۾Цһ뵽ɱϫ֮󣬾ܻ˶鱦ҲĻŭţܲѡ
˵ʱָأ˫Ӷ׼鱦öȥٲȻһҪռΪеļơ
ৣ
һͭӳգһĿɫԡ
ˡ
һڻɫ쳹ɢơ
ৣ
һҹ񽣳ЮϯǺӣ¡¡ɱ
һɲǼ䣬鱦ڿճ֣϶ɵ۾ɱ
ϵžϵѪӣСϵ񽣣
鱦֣϶ɵ۾ľ˿̶ݺݳ鴤һ£ɫһĨ͡
ö鱦
϶ɵ۾ĻɱһСһʱһӿôع屦
ֱ͸ĿһһȻûʲô
䣡
žһɫâƵģӲ϶ɵ۾绮һѪۣƤ׹֡
һ϶ɵ۾ѣҲ۾ˣȻ޷ݡ
ܵǣһսԼɾͼпһӶ鱦
õջ񣬻κεһ۾ڣֻ¶ἵʷ񲻿ɣ
¡¡
϶ɵ۾һظһ˽Ӳӵɶǹɨǿա
һ˲䣬㽫񽣡žѪӵĹȫ촷ۣ鱦ǾҲҡҡ׹
СһƥﻳƾͣǸٶ鱦Ҳ޼£
϶ɵ۾Ц־һӣҪ鱦ȫߡ
ৣ
ǰһޣһɲٴһѪɫսգѪɫ½ٶ¡
ڤѪս
ұϴ鱦
϶ɵ۾ˣвֿ˻ֱ޲ôһóϫʲô鱦ʩչ
һ̣Ѱ಻סпܣ͵һչӰָЮɲݺݳڤѪսȥ
¡
ѪɫԱŽڤѪսҵİӲ϶ɵ۾ץС
˵Цɡ
϶ɵ۾̲סЦһ̣ͫȻһ͵ظоеڤѪսһɼΣյϢӡ
ţ
϶ɵ۾΢΢һӦֻһ춯صڤѪսӲбըһݵĿɲȻɢ
һɲǼ䣬϶ɵ۾ƬǿնըƬݳ٣Ȼγɵڶһ㡣
ǵһĻֱ˵˼¡

ҽһƬѪɫâܣѿ϶ɵ۾Ӱ

ҲڴʱϫǾεӰȻڼԶ֣һӣͽ鱦
һ£ϹӦñ˰ɣ
ϫɫҰף֮ǰԽȫǿУȻһһɱУҲЩԲ
Ϊ˳䲻ɱ϶ɵ۾ڰиսƻڤѪսڲ죬Ϊľǳ϶ɵ۾Դ⣬ƾڤѪսԱһٽɱ
ҺãһжɹʵˣȻʧһ鱦ɱһ۾Ҳֵˡ


1783 䶸
ʵϫһð˼ķա
ȣȷսǷƻ鱦ڲӶﵽԱĿġ
ΣϫҲ޷ȷ϶ɵ۾Ƿϵһ޷ȡóЧǾͰװһ鱦
ҺãڰݺͲԣսɰȻֹ֣ս鱦ȵڻеıҲǾܲסϮ
Ҳϫ̵ʶսǿ֮
ǰһУҲ޲һζĶˣ
ƾڵսҲ޷һ۾ˡ
󾳽֮Ĳ࣬غ蹵ĳϫʱ޷Խġ
ԣҲֻܳ²ߣעһԻٵһ鱦Ĵȥƴһƴ

ƬǿݣҴܣһƬ֮С
ڳϫΪ϶ɵ۾Ѿױ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ͸ޱȷŭ
С飡Ҫ
¡һ£һӰһƬгſɲޱȵɱȻ϶ɵ۾
Ȼû
ϫһҲЩţ˭ȿɲޱȵĺɱУ϶ɵ۾Ȼܴ
ֻ˿̵϶ɵ۾ȻģȴޱȣͷɢݱյһƬڣһֻұ۸ʧ¶ļ˺ۣ׹֡
ԶԶȥͷƿһѪģʬ㡣
ɴ˿ɼڤѪսı飬δҪ϶ɵ۾ȴˣĿҡ
Ҳóϫʶ˵۾Ŀɲ

һ֣϶ɵ۾ħ㣬ֳһɶǹʱգݺݱɱ
ˣ³ңɱϾǵ۾ձ󣬴˿̺ŭȫ֣֮ǿ֮ǰҲǲѶá
䣡
ϫ⧲֮£ֻ֮ӲȴһӲûͷϵ˺ݺݵɳȥ

϶ɵ۾ȳϫӦ׷ɱеɶǹһ㣬Юɱʮΰݺݳϫͷ­
һУϫǿҲ̱вɡ
䣡
Σֵһɲǣ͵һɫӰӳϫϴܳӶӲһǹ϶ɵ۾ĵ˳
϶үүʰˣ
һɫӰһ˲仯ΪɸߣͷۣһԽͫȻգֳһһ˵׺棬Ű˷ơ
ӰȻǽͫ⨺С
֮ǰһֱϫУһܵвϫҲǵϣٻ˳
ͫ⨺ԭɱҺ󣡡
һ̣϶ɵ۾Ҳڿ˶ֵģһʱ֮Ŀѣ۾Ѫ

϶ɵ۾ŭ
𺳵һĻˣƬǿչλϵıԵشһɲǣԶһƬǳһŭ𴫳ֱӱ飬Ϊʯ飬ĴŽ
ǺεȵƣһŭرӲһƬǳʯ䡣
ʱ϶ɵ۾ˣȴһֱŭУԵ֮ɲ
ɶǹԣȼգһ񱩵֮͵ͫ⨺Сɱ
䣡
Ƭʱ뿪һɫǹӰȼգƬضڻһ۽鲼
ȻС𲢲η壬һԽͫзսȼɱ˹ȥ׺֮
¡¡
һ̣սһţɽǿжײĿâֱɱذ޹⡣
ǵ龰ֱáĩաݣǻļ
Ǹܾӵ½ϣ֪Ҫٵ֪ǡɽˡ

ϫϢԶޱȵսɫȴһء
ϣһСܹݿѹľ۾ѪӰ۾ߣǽˡ̫Է񾳵Ϊܵһ
뿪ˡ̫ԷСȻսɿ죬ɴʱҲֻܺе϶ɵ۾˸¡
ǻ϶ɵ۾ȫʢ״̬СֻҲˡ
϶ɵ۾չֳǿսͬϫ𾪲ѡ
һ˴ϼһܷӳȿɲƣдҲɼ۾Ǻε֮ˡ
ϣ³˵ҲҪң
ù£϶ɵ۾ŭͫѪɫڣնŤɢһּıŰ档
䣡
УƾȻٴαһһ˽ǹѹʱգӲСǰɸߵӰõ˲ֹ
𣡡
СҲɱô׼˹׺Ϣһһͨҡ
ɳϫȴǿȥСֲܼסˡ
ô죿
ϫɫ粻ԥʲô
գ͵һҧԨĺзһĨȻ
䣡
һ̣ϫڵѪҺӳиյĻɽ뱬ȼգ׿񱩡
ܹһͷŨںڳһ˲仯Ϊѩɫ˵Ʋڽڱǡ
һһͷԶ޸Ҫ䣬˶ɣ
߱񹦣
һѧ
͵ΪۣӶʹսһϵ񣬷ͷϫᶯô˹
һɲǣ¡¡ɲƥϢӳϫ籡Ϊԣܡ
֮ǰĳϫƾսܹסȫʢ״̬϶ɵ۾Ĺһ̣սȻһǵƣ֪жôǿƬǿնȻ顣
ţ
һĻԶսе϶ɵ۾⣬ҲȻһ
ɻӦͱСҹٲҷġ
ϣ
ͬʱϫֳس׷ѩһеۻʣնɱ
رһ̫
ţʽ
Ľ׼һڳϫУǽ֮УһƬ֮磬ӳ죡

϶ɵ۾ɫ䣬ӿŭѣʶսѷ޴仯вʱ
ʱСɱ޷ֻܺͳϫһնɱĽӲ
һƱƣ貣ƬǿյĹϼ׳󺣺Ȼȼ
׳ѤõǾ
أ
һ֮У˵϶ɵ۾ҲסɣԭѪģһžžžըѪˮ䣬¶ɭɭ׹ǣòˡ
ˣ
϶ɵ۾һǿҵУŭģ֮ʡ
ԭ˴жӵбʤգЯһˣץɱĿꡣ
Ȼû뵽ֻһڵˣԿֱʱٵա
ֱ޷ܣ
ʲôʱ۾Ҳܹ񾳻ܵˣ
飬ձһˣ
ٲģ϶ɵ۾Ҳ̬Ѳɿأ˳ȥԼĴԲ롣
תŲʱգҪӶݡ
ӣ
ϫǷһĨĻȣһӣָٿȻɢһλƵĴ


1784 赶ɱ

ɽ֮е鱦Ī⡣
һ֣ͻΪһƬǿ֣׽϶ɵ۾·

϶ɵ۾ɫһ͵طһХӶнǹǰĴɱȥ
ǹӰշ⡣

ǻԵĴһǹ͵ؽþҷȴδƣʼսںдȺջʱ
ˣ
϶ɵ۾ŭһĨǿޱȵΣУ̼ûһ˿ɣ͵һھѪƱǣٴγɱȥ
䣡
ǹ磬ױӲӶĿҫֱۣҪⷽضһ޼᲻ݵĿɲơ
ȻڴʱһѺХʮɽӲѹ׺񱩡
ʱձ顢̶̮ĺ
һɲǣ϶ɵ۾ɫȻһ䣬ĻټɱǹһתݺɨǹӰ
䣡
Ľס
СǰɸߵӰǱĵˡ
ৣ
Ȼ϶ɵ۾ˣһĨ¶ԭʼȻ⡣
һ̫죬ǡ϶ɵ۾Сһ˲޿ɱܡ
϶ɵ۾ûëðһθܵһַĵĿ־塣
ȡ
ſڼɴн³һ֣Ȼֹ鶼͵͹

ʺȻһѪٲƵѪȾ񷡣
ԭϫһ̫죬϶ɵ۾ӦʱѾֱʺ

϶ɵ۾ʺзһɹԲŻᷢһĻ
һ̵϶ɵ۾ģԵüΪˣѪģ׹֣ĿŤͫ͹ʺ飬ֱҵ˼£˸޷ţһλӵȨӵǬ֮ܵĵ۾ڡ
ৣ
ϫ׷ѩֳسɴն϶ɵ۾ͷ­ն
ˣ
϶ɵ۾ոձɱһɲǣһĨ׹Ȼʬӳʱնȥ
ƣ
նɱҶ֮󣬳ϫΪκϵʱֻҲһɱˡ
϶ɵ۾ϵҲҪߣٴصҶУֻ·ɱٲɡ
ϧһгϫѱϫ裬Ӧԡ

͵Ĺһ£ͽһİ׹ⶵס޷ѡ
Ǵǿ֮Ȼ̸ȴܹ֮˷ֻ֮Ǿһƣ׾١
أ
ϫУֱ飬Ϊ
һУһӣ϶ɵ۾µʬͬһɶɫǹߣŴС뿪

һսӱĻŲһʱ䣬֮գս֮ңԳƵϾס
Ǳ֪Ҷϵʮλǿߺһ۾ԶǲڳϫУȻһ𲻿ɡ
ϫΪҲ˼ۣȾʧһ鱦ڤѪսȻΪɱ϶ɵ۾ʩչ߱˵һǧ˰ٵĹ
Ȼսһӱһɺͬޱȣڣһ֡˥״̬Уһǿ׷ע޻֮
Ҳˣɱ϶ɵ۾֮󣬳ϫɾʹС뿪Ϊľڱ߱񹦺֢֮ǰȳһϵеͨ

ղһսȻһ۾ˣ
û´ӦǵҶϵ϶ɵ۾ֻ󣬾˭ɱ
һʧʮλ񾳴ڣһλ۾Ҳһ£ҶϷŭɡ
Ϣȥ̫أûñؽ䶯Ϲ򡣡
ڳϫ뿪ûãһӰӼԶǿзɳ۶һƬΪ棬ĿǿʱԶסһȻ
ǽԨ޵ߣ֮ǰԶԶ֪һսķ
ھ̫ԶҲǲ˭ں͵Ҷ϶ɵ۾һ˿ս
ȴǸȷ϶ɵ۾ˣһǰʮλǿҲһս䣡
ȾҾޱȵսϹЩпǸûĻҶϵˣ͸ˡ
ӹɣһսעһȻ󲨣Ϲһֺ䶯вɣ

Ҷϡ
ϵ֮ǰţ綳ᡣ
Ҷ峤ҶӺȫ߲ڴ˿̺Ȼˡ
ֻ˿̣ɫȴˮﾡ⣬ͷųƣŵԶһЩŮԶڣڵء
ˡ
һϵ̾ϢдҶӵһҶϴɫѿ
֮ǰյʮƣԶǴ˴϶ɵ۾ǰȥɱĿҶǿߡ
ȴȫ䣬صУ˷ϵһͨǰһС
Ҳõڿֵһڵӣ
棬Ӧɽ˳ϫ
ҶһӾͨͼս죬ԶѰҲֻɽ˲ӵơ
˵һɽӣܹɱ϶ɣ
һϵѱĮȻ
޷ţ϶ȻѾˡ
ҶɫӿһĨıߣ϶ɵ۾İܣȴ䣬βʹģ
ô
ʵ
۸ʲôۣҲҪնɱӣ
Ҷҧм͸ޱȵɱ
ɽ£ֻҪץʱϡ̫ϽγˣҲɲηɽ
ĬƬ̣ǲϵٴ𣬡֮ǰһ°ɡ
Ҷӵ˽Զһû뵽Լ澹һľϡ
ǽԶʡ
棬˼ǾôˣԺϹοҶϣ
Ҷ̲סһΣǿʧһλ۾ʮλǿ߰
˵⣬ҶжҪѪʧôˣ䲻Ҷ˽ǣȴԳƵԪˡ
зҶϷǱȫЦɣ
ٲģҲʱƣҶܹӵҵĳƺţ֪˶ٽѣѵʹܲˣ
˶٣ǲȻǽֻʱͣ԰Ϣϡ̫Ͻ̣ǣҶıѣǵԼпܺɽСһйأԼŰɡ
ҶӵһڴԣԶ۾һ赶ɱˣ
ȥɣҲ²ⲻӡȻҪɽϢҲϺ̫Ͻ̣Ի׸ô죬ǵȵӰȻɽԺҪɱɾˡ
ϣʹ˹ڳš
һ̣ҶҲϣͣͨϡ̫Ͻ֣֮赶ɱˣ


1785 
ৣ
ʱվҲ̶֮Х
ŲʱٶȼЧХʱϫԶʮ֮⡣
д˿ɼ˿̵ٶȴﵽ˺εȺ˵ĵز
ʵҲȷˣԴϳ룬ϫȫٸ·һϵеͨϷɶݡ
Уϫһͷѩӷҿʼ𽥱ûҰʧȥɫʣҲһڼ
ʩչ֮߱ʼɢס
ճϫ㣬ʱ֮Լ㽫һ֡˥״̬С
üΪҶ˵ٶȣ˵ʱһ죬ҲѺһϵеͨ
治еĻֻС·ˡ
ϫһ̾
Сչֳսܾˣ뿪̫֮Ҳ޷á̫ԷƾսԺе϶ɵ۾ƴò£һ㣬ϫЩ硣
ϫС·Ǹ⣬ΪСǵһ̤磬ս׺ɱϾ;ԣһŰֽ㣬ֻ¸޷һЩնթ֮¡
Ҷ·ױ¶ݣʶĿɲֹҶϣ̫Ͻ̡Ȼ
£һע⵽٣ͬ
С
ϫȻ
ôˣ
Сɻ
һ·⣬һҷԸǧҪ͵˾
ϫɿ
ȷЩС鼱꣬ױŭҲױˡ
ٺ٣İɳϫһжġ
СЦ
ϫһʲôȻͫһȻֹ
ף
쿴ǲСӣ
׷ȥ
ڳϫֹͬʱԶǿشһǿ
ڽƵĹϵóϫһ˲˶ԷʱжϳԷʮа˾űǳԼģ
һʶһ㣬ϫĿ⳯һǱ֮ǵһƳһĨȻ
ৣ
һ̣ϫѴСٿȻʧԭأϵȥ
뿪һͨζպѣΪУԹͼϵ޵ߣ񼸺ûܹӡ
һ̣ϫѾ˲ôࡣ
ʩչ߱񹦵ڼϾҪ롰˥״̬Уûʱȥ͵Ӳƴ
ѡϵݱܷգǽʣµΨһѡˡ

¡
ڳϫ뿪ãһҺޱȵĽɫѹʱնԶԶȥһɽںƣ׳ޱȡ
˿ǱϣʮӰŮ٣һλϢǿΪĶΡ
Ϊ׵ӣһһִǬ°ƣһ۾ڣ
СӾȻŵӽϵУǺǣӺ湻Сġ
ǵ涼Ҽӡֻ¾ɱҶ֮һˡ
ҶϴϢӿɼпɽ״ӳϫүľ۾ѪӰ۾Ҳ޷ֿϵˡ
ô죿
Ȼ׷ȥɱӣ
֪ʮο
УЩǿߵĿԶΪӡ
ǽԶԵеٶϸӹе񾳸֡
һ塢һ塢ľâһ塢һԼ𡬘
ΨֻΪ׵ӣˣΪ̩ƺš̩۾λϵʮ˳λĳһְȨ죬λȨء
˴ε֪ľ۾ѪӰ۾Ϣ֮ŭɳ̩Ϊ׵֧ǰɱϫ
ֻҲ֪ɺϣ̫ˣж;ĿӰ
źǣĿ꾹ΣգǱŨŨ֮ǵУǲЩɣ֪Ƿü׷ȥ
׷
һĿⶼԼϣһϮۣտݵ̩۾ĬƬ̣б³һ֡
һ֣̬ȡ
˼ˣҪ˵Щʲôɵ̩۾Ǳ˵ʱԶԡ
ǵǶΪ׼ŭϣ£̩۾Ϊ˴жĸˣԲκˡ
ǷֿжȫѰĿټԡ̡֪ǵķλֻҪκβ⣬һʱȥӦ
̩۾ڣͳϣ꽻͸һɱ˵ɱ֮
˵ʱȻֳһԲ̣ͭԼĪȴСԵ׭ŷޱȵͼǹ⻬羵һõ
ֻ̣ҪһϢӡУôߵᱻ̾׼֪
ǿ
̩۾Ŀһɨˣʵ
˼ˣ֪̩۾עѾϵգҲ޷ıġ
£ǽԶͬ˴ж½ԼһϢӡϡ
Ǳ
̩۾һ֣һɽΡֺĽɫһѹʱգǱ֮ǵǿгȥܿ죬ʧ

ѾȲˡ
ǾжǵһҲ޷
̩Ӧûδӵ϶ɵ۾ʮλϢֻ²³çˡ
ȿɣܸоܹɱ϶ɵ۾ɽСһԲ˼ˡ
ֹǲ򵥣˽еı־ͻףӾɽµһɱﵣѰˡ
̩۾һ뿪ãһƬһ󲨶ٴθֳӰ
˼ΪرŮһŴޱȵϢ𣬻ˮ𣬻򴿺
·Ҳֱֳв֮ͬɫΪĿ
Ǳ̫Ͻ̡񽫡
λбԴе壬ǿoֱ߱ݽľˮ֮ܣ
ŵ̫ϽԳ֣λ齫ؽУָУϷţ״ӣҲǲֹһΪɲ⣬̫ϽеĵλҲǳޱȣֱѿӵе۾Ϊĺ۴˾
Ȼ񽫴ʱڴˣҲΪɱϫѾ̽ҶıѺͳϫܲɷ֡
ߣҲϣ˴λɱҶʲôܽϵĺͼƬ䱦ͭǮһһأŲһˡ
һ̸Ϊ׵Ľ齫ڣɫֵɫü罣ɱϢһɱ㡣
ಣ
һ̣λٿȻʧԭز

ϫԼû뵽ԼٲȻΪе᧿Σ
ӱϳһҽɫΪɱԼǰʱϫѶ϶жעޱˡ
ৣ
ʱ
ϫһȫ֮ǵĻķϣһ۵ɽѰһȻʯߣһ˽ȥ
Сֻ農߱㹻ˣһָʱԻһЩǺúһ档
ϫһɿС˵ʱҲǲһĨɱ


1786 ֮
һΣϫȷŭˡ
˻ԣοǳϫһ뿪̫ۣ·;Ͼһһ׷ɱԷ浱Լӿˡ
һ˷ǡ
Сͷʵ
뷢ǿɲô׵ġ
ϫȻ˵ʱתеĽٿȻɢԼСȫڱС
һӣСǶԺ۶ɴˣŵҡզȻоԼʧˣ
ʱ֮䣬С˳ϫк壬ⷨſʵﴫڵġ֮ԶԶ޷֮⡣
ϫЦЦٶԡ
óһƿƿҩóһҩѡʺԼģſʼϥ
ЩҩҩԶЩѼһֱó֣ΪľⷢıʣԾȡ

ϫһԺʼҩ޸߱˵
ƣҩİ£ҲҪʱ䷽ܳ׻ָȫʢ״̬
С򰲾һԣɨܣȻСơɲҴˡ

ʱ䲻֪䣬ǹȥһ¡
һзƽ˾δκ⣬һֱڳϫԱ߾ܵСҲһ
Ͳ״һֱȥֻȳϫ׻ָͳȥɱķݺʰЩ겻ɢĻǡ
Ȼ⻹Ƿˡ

һ̸ٿȻƲ׽еĳϫѡ
һ¹ȥˣһЩɱ֮ޣСӵëûòϵ˰ɣ
ļʮ峤ϵƶϣСӶȻƬС
ǽô죿
Ȼǰʮ峤ϵĽҵûҵ;ȫݻˣһɹСӶܵĵطҲͻԽԽ٣ֳԭ
Ҳֻôˣû֣ԽϵվԵЩ
ʱ˿̣Ļܵôжɡ
⣬ϫжʱһݣݻ;һſǳ
СһҪ
ûκγɣϫɿ촫һС

ϣӰȼ
һؿ½һף𡬘ͼڣһһ𡬘ͼڣȻλǿͬ塣
ʼְɡ
ףǿ߳ڣ˵ʱָһץȻӿһƬȻϼʱնȼոʴһƬһƬڶ
ϣ
һ࣬ǿ߰γһѪɫ
¡
һ˲䣬붯֣ϼڣһ˲չӣ򶼸ǣһѪɫ£ݺȥ
λ񾳶֣뽫Ŀһϣȷ׽촷ۡ
񾳵ƣǿ߳Ҫ쵽һЩˡ
䣡
ǶֵһɲǣȻ֮䣬ͷ͵ݱ顣
ȻһЮɱ¡
һĻͻȻ⧲֮£ףǿߵͱԴ˱е
ˣ
һǿҲǼΪ˵ãƾɱĥ³ľ飬ʶӶѪɫӦסһ
أ
һеѪɫͱɣұ걬飬ɳƵĺݺݳ׹ȥ

ҽУŭӣĿѣԲŶ̶һɲ֮䣬ᷢȱʡ
䣡
һ̣˾ͱһƬƥĹӰ֣ҳ⽴ǲҽҲ֮Ȼֹ
ʯ֮䣬һսĻǿ߱У
һж̫죬Ѱ޵ڴˣֻ·Ϊۻ˲ɡ
ǲ򡣡
СӰӳڰգЩδҡҡͷҲǳϫԼڱϢöԷδҲɾɱλˡ
ߣû´Էֻͬºܿͻˡ
ϫ˿ſСϣɫɿ촫
δ޸˿ɴһ֡˥״̬У˵жǽʱŲƣȴв
ȥ
Сһݡ
ȥ
ϫĿԶױҝ֮ǵ˾ϡ
ԽԽգʱֹҪ׷Ҫϵеĸֻ׻
³ϫȻѾ˲ôˡ
Ҫʱ޸ƣֻҪʱ㹻ˣ֮ǰɲԸ͵潻龰
£
ƺ̣ܶʱȴԵ
дҲ֪˴ûнͫ⨺СͬУϫ˵ʲôⲻɡ

ৣ
Сųϫһ뿪һ̻ϣȻ飬ӳֳһɱƥӰ
һϮۣտݣ棬ʮ峤ϡ̩۾
˿̣һɨܣʱɫһ
ˣ
Ųʮ֮䣬λ䣡
̩۾ɱҪƲסɫıɱ
¡
һӴƥϯ쫷㣬ٿȻ̩۾ɢʱգ˷ɢȥ
Ƭ̺һɫӰ̩۾һţٴҪԷʱȴΪ̫ңԶѰٲ
Ѿ㹻ˡ
һʱȥټ֣ʧ£̩۾ŭ֮࣬ȴҲ˿֤˴εﲢδѣ
ټ֣ٳϵжس׷·
̩۾һ͸е̣һ˲ʹﵽǿ߶С
һУɣһӣ㾶ֱʱգųϫӶݵķ׷ȥ

ϫһϢĶطţܹɱε۾Ĳֲ̽һʱУͬʧһ㡣
̩۾׷ȥҪҪжǰϵյֻƵɱķʱûץסСӣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
СһЩӦû¡
ǰ̩۾䵱ȷ濪·ʲôգҲԲˡ
Ƭ̺̫Ͻ񽫵ӰҲǳŻϣ̩۾ȥķһ̸ҲǴע⣬ǰ
ֻ֮ǰ˿жʱȴýСࡣ
ΪǽԶϵһжӰ쵽ȫ

һƬһƬХʯȺǿкХ緢ŭoйеŭ
񾳶ʧеʱնѴҡҷͬ͸˿ب֮䣬֡
ﲻɵкڶʱ֣ʱûԶź޵ѪڣҪ˶ɡ
Զʴİ쵹׷Ʈƻá
һ·ϣϫԾ֣룬ϵȻƵֻǱҝ֮ǣϸ̽Է֡
£ðȻУ֪ε֮ա
óϫ;ȵǣСӵδ֪֮ͣһ·ƺֱײŲƣܹ֮յرܿһգԵú졣


1787 
ܿϫͷ֣С֮ܰ쵽һ㣬ԶһԽӲӵ
ӿ֮䣬ɫ磬ͫڳһɬصķţǱ˴ܻӳֳܿУ۴֮Եޱȡ
ǽͫ⨺츳֮ųһ۹飬˷֮
ʵҲǣܹ̫۸Уϰ׶޲ѣɼС߱츳ε֮졣
츳ҲСһƬĪ⣬ɱķзɶʱܹоյرܿա
޵ǰֻ»Ჽά裬Ǳ֮С
ϾƬ޾֮ǣҳʯȺʱնѴкڶ쵹ȵȿɲ֣һŲɵ³
ৣ
Сϫһ·ɶݣһĨҫ۵Ľ⣬ŨŨ֮кֱײ˲Ϣʧ
һ⻹Ƿˡ
СȻֹͣٲǰнâܣ¶ԥ֮ɫƾ岻
ϫһ̧ȥʱע⵽Զǿоһſȼյ
飬ȥͷÿһ򶼸ŹĲɫ棬ļ¡
ǾȼգɫĹ潫ǿȾһƬɭȻţһƬǿշس
ԳϫǼʯԣĿõ졢ɭһĻʱҲһ
ȼգտգ˭ټǿУ˵һĻ
Ŷˣ룬һ˲жϳ˵غգ
ʲô
ϫüʱٷأߴһػأǸͶҲûʲô

СͷǰգĽͫҲԿӵе۾Ϊ϶Կ
ªţǱǵĵֻͨҲδԿˡ
Ȼһ͸һɳ٩ζ
ϰף
ϫһ񣬶ʱֲ֪ʱϰ׾Ѵһħ״̬ѹ
ŸʲôϽҷų
ϰ׺ǰȻ
Դǰһ顰ʥױǡֻ֮ħһ㣬һֱڳϫо˱ʳֱﵽһĵز
ϫĺһֱδǡ
ȴδ룬һѣָֻһɪԵõģ
ϫʱû˼ϰ׿Цֱӽɿ˵һƬ򣿡
ϰ׺ܲϫĴ³ѿϫƣͦţǱǵĵ򣡡
ʲô𣿡
ϫü
Сһ㻹ûôһ٣Ͻɢʴǰƿصĵ򡣡
ϰ̾˿Ҳǣ㶼δ٣Բˡ
٣
һɲǼ䣬ϫҶ˵Ĵš
ǰƬϵԭһƬоһλεϴ٣ƬҲ֮ܲǣ׻ķϣΪһƬ֮ء
ԭϫΪֻǸţɾϰһ˵ʱʶһֻ¾ģ
һ뵽֪ǰһڴ䣬֮ϵĽܳһƬϵΪ֮أϫоͽסһ¶
Σֱ֪λĩ̫֮ˡ
а취Ƭ򣿡
ϫһüԶ˵
ʱȣǿ׷ɱҲ˲ȥ˼롣
ϰ¶ŹֵƳ˳ϫһۣȻŶӴЦ
ϫ۾һɣֱֻ񣬶ʲôʱˣһģ
ŭ
ϰ׼ˣʱеѵ㲻֪ɱһ˵ˣˣ֮ˣһĪ⣬Ҷ޷͸Щܹ˺㣿
ϫȻǴӲһ㡣
㰡̫ᣬֱر֪
ϰ׳̾˵Ī⣬ױˣΪϲݣҲˣȴ޵߶һǾ˲ױ˿źͲݣ
˵⣬ϰ״ǲһĨһ㣬Щۺ첻ѣЩڣѿʼ֮̽νУɱԳһ˿ǻҷ³ͣԱܿɱˡ
ϫţҲⷺһףԭǵȲΣ˴

ң翣׽͸ҲΪߵһֽ
νҲΨС桱죬ܸһ֣Ϳ֪Ǻε֮ɣѴۣ
опԴɽҲ족ⲻ֪־ٶֱǿЦ֪˼¡
ΪǸͲν
ĳϫԿŴĦȴ޷еİ
̫ңԶһܹﵽһʱǼֱġҲûʲôˡ
ڴʱĳϫԣ֮뿪ܿɱȰԼƳ޸˵ʲô˴ֻҪԺлȥ
ҪСģһƬеĽ޷˺㣬пҲա
ϫҪжϰ׽סѵƲⲻƬһػػıλĹ
ϫһʸȻһֲޱȵɨ
ã
ϫһУȵСж
ѣСҲѾ͵һӰųϫٿȻ뵽һƬǵصС
¡
Ǹһ뿪ԭʱȻ顢һգǿպڶƵģɷǺˡ
Ԥ룬ǳϫһ뿪ֻµһٲɡ
ߣСһҲ㻹ʲôʱ򡣡
ͬʱ̩۾ΰӰٿȻ֣Ƶ缤䣬ɨԶ
һɲǣɫҲһɵ⡭ѵǴеġ򡯣
һſǳȼգ˵Ĳ棬׺ǿеһشع𣬹ճһֺ롢ءǿշسĳ
Ŷأļ¡
̩۾ͼʶǰڻеoһ̾ڴˡ
ɺһλεɽʧܶ䣬ƬһܾӵľҲǻΪǰһƬ֮ء
ֻ̩۾Ҳǵһǰ׶֮أĿǰһƬǵĵʱҲжϳŹȻġ
ʬ֮ĹѨģǴеϻԵֻ¾Ͳˡ
һɲǣ̩۾Թǿ޵ǰƬϵΪľ̽ѰеһϻԵֻҲδ˳ɹ
һϻԵҲΪµţ


1788 ֮
Уʱֶ֮ĹѨһһϻԵ
˵һꡣ
˵һɱԴ֮
Ҳ˵һ̺ȫӡ顣
ν˵硡
ӹɣһϻԵ
ҲΪţ£һƬɱҲ˲֪޵ǰ̽
ϧǷǵδҵһϻԵ˶ɥС
ֱйһԵĴѱóţ֪̩۾ԣȴδȴһδš
Ҳ޷϶µһϻԵʲôȴֻѰʬƵһԵ
ΪΣ
Ϊڲͬλһͷڻеo֮롢޵Ѫͳ߹һء
ܹ֮ȼģҲֻݡ
һΪͨ죬ΣµһʬѰˣ
¾ûãҲʬһ
ȻѰõʬֻû˻˱ˡ

ЩһɲǼ̩۾һһƬ򡱵ĿҲһĨȡ
˴ΣܹնɱͬʱܻһϻԵĻǿɾһĪ컯ˣ
ܿ죬̩۾Щԥ
һԵԹѰ٣ɺ⣬˶ʧˣ³ңɣûϢûһա
нУϵֱһƬ˲Խ׳һһ̤עʲô³
ο̩۾˽⣬ڽƬ޵ߣһǾǿ֮ǰպգɵִ˵֮󣬾ûѶ
£̩۾ԼʵţҲǲðȻˡ
ಡ
ڴʱһʱղȻӳֳһӰȻЩԵϵǿߡ
̩۾ʱӳ˼ѹĿһɨˣüͷһ壬ֻʮһˣأ
ЩǿɫԶЩѿüǲһĨ£·;ʲôɲ顣
ʮ峤ϣһ·̫࣬ҵܽҵִڴˣǽˣˣ¡
˿ڣ͸һĨء
̩۾ɫʱһọ́ϸӡеϢʱͷ֣˱ϫɱλǿߣһ·׷Уλǿ٣
϶ûǵϢȻѳױ
Ƿ
̩۾ȳ⣬ȻҲһ·ϳյʯȺʱնѴкڶ쵹ꡭǴ֮أ񾳶żв
һ뵽ǸϫܰȻִڴˣǿֱӾ·ϣδԵҲ̫ҷϡ
ʱڴ˵صǿ߽ԶȴЩίһ·ǺγҲðżղŵִڴˣĿ˵ܿͱܿģ
ˣҪ֮ǰټϧûӽУ
˵⣬̩۾͵һҧһжգбڣҲصˡ

֣һɲǼЩǿɫԶһ䣬ȻҲйഫš
¶һĨɵɲѡ
ϧ̩۾Ѱѻ˵Ѳٳȥܾ
ģ˴εжɹֹնɱĿ꣬˵ǻһϻԵʱ򣬱Բǡ
̩۾ɨһۣŵǣЩǿɫÿһЩ
ˡ
̩۾һ̲Եɽˮԣ˶֡
ߣ
һ̣ѳǿĹС

ûƬ̣һƬһ󲨶ӳճࡢࡢҫ⡣
Щһ󲨶ܻ̫Ͻ񽫵Ӱ
򣡡
ʬ֮أ
Ǻǣû뵽Сײ뵽Ҳ֪˵ǵù̫ˡ
ȴ֮أ̩۾ҴһȺ½УȻֻΪɱСӡ
֮أвһϻԵջֻܾܾˡ
ĿˢˢԶȼգǿգɫ졣
ҪҪҲȥԣ
齫ڣ촽룬款ޣᱡɴȹ̬޳ҡҷۣ֬Ͷ¶һĨҰζ
ˮ齫һֻеŮӣһˮһӳȤ
ȥô
Ϊ׵Ľ齫俪ڣĿƵģɱˡ
˵ô죬Ҫ֪СǱ̩۾ɱϵĺͼƬ䱦ͭǮɶ̩۾У㡭Ŀһз
齫˹ƿڣһֶصĴԣεջòҡ
˵ˣǵȴ㹻ˣʱСӽҷأ̩۾һ˴аȻֻ轫ɱ񡣡
齫ĮὨ޷Ǿ벶ȸںİϷ
ȫô죿
齫üһϻԵʵЩľʹ˵Ⱥˡ
ǸӦңδ̤һƬ֮ء
齫ԥôˣԵãҲȥȡ
λ齫һۣԶĬˡ

һƬš
ƬǵĵһƬΨֻСŲʱյ𣬹ˡ
һſǳȼգͷŲ棬һյյƣһƬû³еǿշڣ
ֺ롣
ء
ˡ
Ƭ󣬳ϫע⵽Ϲе֮ڱθ⣬гһĺĽֻ֮ҪմȾһ˿궼ٶ١
ϫȴǺܿ췢֣ЩεĽ֮һԼߣײɽһ㣬ɢ
Ȼˣ˵ؽκβġϰ׳һƸղ˼ѹ㡣
֮ǰҲȷϫüëһ

ϰɫһͣЩӲҡǰĹ̥ȷҲο㲻ҲѾЩȷκβô
ϫûֻһۣ淢ʲô⣬Ҳˣ
ϫǳǸн
Сɻ󿪿ڣԴƬͳױ̲סһƬԹ㣬ȼյǳǲɫ棬ͷë
ϫһĿɨܣвһҲ޷жκη
òᡭĳֽУ
ϫüɿݡ
ǽƣǡ֮硯
ϰɫָܻĹ
ϫжʱһݣ
ϰȴʧȥģɿȱСӶǰҪ¶κη壬οɾͳˣһУͽˡ
δ£ٿȻ֮䣬䶸


1789 
裡
һƵ쳹Ұػ谵ʱȻҷ
һɿɲޱȵѹҲ糱ˮɢƬǿա
һ˲䣬ϫ׹ߣ̣ѹ̫ǿëȻľ
ֹͫ⨺СҲ͵۾죬ҪУȴϫ򶨣һнϰף
ʱٿȻ֮䣬ǿ̽һ޴ޱȵͷһԳʢգɽȻ֮ӡ
һͷӲԶһƬǿռ
Ϣϡ󡢳һԶŴĺϢװƿƬǿնС
һ˲䣬ϫͷŶһȻǵõϰѣҲסͷӡ
оͷͷųϢκε۾Ҫˣ
衭
糱䵴ҰƬǿƶҪ顣
ûãֻһͷӡ
ϫԾɲʱȻϰظĴȳϫӦͿϰɫׯ࣬Ų̤գһֺʥΰơ
ǿеףĬãзһɬޱȵڡ
ÿһڶ֮ӣɶ䣬ٴ롢Ϲ׾һϰ׷һĿɲѹ

صѹˡ
ϫδŹȴȷһϰʲôȴǸ
ϲ쳹ƬǿգԵʥޱȡ
ǿеԭ¶׹⣬ХֹҪɱϫˣɵϰ׷һʱХȻֹհУ৵һסϰס
һɲǣϫע⵽ϰ׸ڱ˫ײزһ¡
ڱϣϰ״˿ȴԵ쳣򶨡ݣٴηһɬ
һܳ׷һιϵʱ⣬ڲһׯʥ¼
ܹе׹ⲻ˸˼⣬ȷ
ֱϰ£ͷǿվҲǷһϹ׾ףء
ˣϰưһЦЦ̸֮
һĻԵúǹ죬һ̾ǿֻ¶һͷ­ؾһѩףצƽ͵
һףһϣɴʱȴｻٲȻͬͬƵġ
óϫҲԾ̾û뵽ֻȻֶΣ޷⣬ϰ׾θͷص彻ġ
ȴܵŽ̸룬Ƭس𽥱䵭ղǰǡ
Ƭǿնð
óϫҲǰһ֤ϰ׵Ľòȡ˺ܴĽչ
һ֮
ϰ׺ȻԶǿе׻˻ӳڵһ㣬Ȼת˳ϫߡ
ʱϰԭ̸Ц鶸Ȼ¶һĨ֮ɫɿ촫ظͬһ仰ˣˡ
ϫһ̧ͷȥͿԶǿе׾Լ΢΢ףȻٿȻһƬȻϼʧǿУҲѰٲ
ˣϫףϰ׵ƾ๦򣬾ͰǰһΣˣ
ֻ˿̵ϰԵЩǱڶ£մӹŹһ㡣
㾿˵һЩʲôųģ
С̲סʵ
Ǳŵ𣿡
ϰɫһ࣬ϲʹȻ㳤һԿɿĽͫڸˣ
СһЦûһƵģӲһҪӻ
ϰɫʱȳʲôȴϫֱֹˣղžʲô
˵⣬ϰ׵ʱˣ٣ղҲˣԷһͷڻеµ־ӡϧȴ̫ЩͺŪˣҵ˳ˣ
Խ˵ϰԽ˷ܣһԺ͵⡣
СЩ
ϫĿһɨܣѵһٱأǿɾͲˡ
ްް
ϰ緢Ѿ׳˲ܣ֮Ѿκβǡ
ˣϫҲЦˣϰףɵƯ
ߣҵƨ
ϰߣһɪ
һüۺٺЦѽû뵽СһҲʹ뿪֮硣
˵ţĶ򣬳Զȥ
˵ƬΪ磬Ǻܾ֮ǰǷڣ
ɲֹ֮һ֮أҲζţҪҵķڣɲô׵顣
ϾЩǰ޵ߣųɾŶɥڴˣδһܹµĻԵˣɴ˿ɼ˵Ǻε֮ˡ
ȻֻҪǸңԲᷢʲôˣҵ飿
һ·ϣϰһߴ·һᣬһ̶вס
ԭޱȣ֮ɲɱԹ֪پǿ֮ڴˣԵɭɲ֮
ϰ׵Ĵ£ĭɵؽһУԭ˵ҲǵȻ޴档
ϫо֮࣬ҲЩϰֻڣߵٿֲĵطձúܡ졣
һſǳȼգͷŲɫ棬׺ǿշسеĹһƬɭȻ
Уϰੲݵ𣬲ʱһЩЦ˭һĻȷж˼ˡ
ϰס
֮󣬳ϫ̲סϵֻҪһط޸ƣ˭ִҪȥķڣ̽Եˣ
ϰһֽеѵסǿһλµĻԵ˶ԴҪõȻ޶ԣ
ϫûȷƾڵ״̬ܹһԵ
ϰǺس˼õȷЩ֣֮Ī⣬ú׼һðȻǰֻ»Ըͷɡ
ԣҪľǰѰһ֮أʵ׻ָҲ١
ϫһ˵οҺߣǿڸ
ǣ
ϰȴ͵һЦмǿûܹ֮ܿҲûҴ·һ֮УΪжܴģ
洳أ
ϫü
ˣľˡ
ϰƲ
һյ
ϰ׵Ĵ£ϫֻǰҰһ䣬һƬƯ׹ʬǿգ
ЩʬСĶɳبӵɽ㣬ӴޱȣһſƯǿеĴ½
ǺȻһ߾
飬ƬǿգΪ𺳡
꣬ǵΪλһЩǿߣмǣЩ벻ֽ٣
ϰɫȻ࣬洫ѳϫС


1790 
꣡
ܲǿ֮һ߾ǵΪ£
ϫһʵ޷󣬵Ƚľٶ
Ϊʲô

һѳʽ
һУϫԶ޷⣬ɴȴʶһĲ֮
˵գֻҪЩͲݷʲôգҪޣ˵Ϊʡ
ϰ׷ɿ촫
ϫ˵ͷĿһɨѰһΰȫ֮㼴ϥ
㾲޸ʱϰ׺ȻڣһصСһ벻֪Ҵһ顮ʥױǡв˺εط
˵ѴһĨƲס˷ܣƼΪԵá
ϫƳֻһۣ롣
˵ţͱ۾ԼԽǱֵĺ棬ֻԽǻһֱθڣɲóˡ
ϰɫʱһͣ׽ȵȣһû˵أ;ܾδ̫˰ɣ
ϫԣţһԵСЦѡ
ã˵İϧˣȴϸԪطԻ߱µһ֢ϧЩƫƫʶ
ϰһת̾˿
ϫһ͵۾ʲô
ϰ׵㲻ǲôˣŻѪطֻ»᲻ʺ㡣
ϫûϽ˵
Ӵô˵أ
ϰ׺ǲ
һλᣬ˵ǲ˵
ϫɫһ
һϫģϰ׳װûǣϫס³
ðɣҲ޷Ӧһ¡
ϰ޾ɵ
˵
ϫ³һ֡
˴ѰٵµϻԵң
ϰ׷ɿ˵
ϫһϰãֱѺ߿ûһڣŵȻá
ϫʹӦϰЩţ˰ΣȻ̾Ϣʵ̰ᣬһϻԵпܰҶɹһѡ
УشһĨȻ
ⲢװģϫһӾЩȣϰףʲôѣ
㲻ġ
ϰҡͷֻףҪȥֻˣ⡭ʼҵĲܰɣ
˵ԳһЦ
ϫȴףҿ˵ǵڻУһģԼУԲ֪ͨ£·ų֮ʦ
һԵСЦʵӵеͨҲûʲô˫۾ܱ£˷֮С
֮ʦ
ϫһ𣬲ؿһϰףȴһһ㱣ʲôһ㡣
ֲ񾭳˵ç֮ƺΪʦѵⶼģ
ϫгԾԴʶϰͷһ˽⵽йϰ׵
Ҳ˵ˣ֮㣬̫츳վҪʵģҿϰʱȻᾭһЩѣ޷ȹɾͳˡ
С˵꣬Ȼûע⵽ֹǳϫɫ΢΢һ䣬ϰ׾Ҳһصģ
ϰףģ
ϫĬãȻʵ

ϰ׵˵ͷЩͳû뿪Ȼõʲô٣Ͼĵ򱣻ҲԿ쵽ҵĴڡ
ϧҿɲһӶȻԻøԶһЩʲô壿
οлһ׶ˣǾ䲻٣ΪȴһֱǰҲˣֻΪѡ
ϰ״ǷһĨԳ૵ϲڼҰƾյأγ޷֤ϵ;
˵⣬ϰѴһĨϣǿѡԸҪ⸱ģԸ޵һ֮ȥ֤
ϫһʱԶԣΪδϰл˶£ﲻ֪ĴڣҲ˶ѡ
٣ϧ
ϰԳȻѣֻҪΪҪͻʣٽΪԽߣԽֲѰҲˣǡ
˵⣬ϰѴһĨߺޣ̫ƽԸҵĽѣ˵񣬾۾ֻ¶Կסҡɽֻһ񰡣
ʱϰ˵ʱԲԡ桱ԳƣдҲԿ˿̵֮
ϫһУҲпѡ
ϰ㹻˰ɣų֮ʦˣʱ࣬㡣
ô˵ǴµһԵΪʱĽˣ
ֱϰƽϫʵ
ϰײԣĬˡ
ǺãΪ׻ָͰһԵ
ϫƽȴ͸һĨᶨ֮ɫ
ϰӳϫãȻٺٴЦҾ֪㲻ᶪҲܵģɴӦ˰ǧڡ
˵ָֻһԵõӡ
ˣϫȴĪһɣԸϰһֱӣҲԸٿղǰ߿
ģҴӦ飬ɴδڹ
ϫЦЦ
ವһ£ϰ׳һö򣬶˳ϫҴһʥױвһţΪѪϸԪͽŽԶͬ
˶٣˹̸жǿ󣬵޸ƣȴżΪ˼ã֮󣬱ᡣ
ϫӹ˵ͷ

¡¡
һſȼŵǳѭ籡һƬƬ棬ǿвϱڡ
ԶԶȥһƬɫĻ֮ڷһſǳУˡ
ƬǿУʱһڲǰУȻ̩۾ǡ
ͳϫͬǸһִ˵أܵһɹɽϮ⧲֮£һλǿ٣ɲǼ߻ħɵ
̩۾ʱĿɲʹһˡ
ˡ
̩۾ͷһɽˮīԣڳһƳʢģӿһн赲⡣
ѾһƬǿշسĵطãǾٲά裬ÿǰһСξ룬Ҫɱ
ԲӿĽ֮Ҳһſȼŵǳ֮ԼһƬɫ֮
ԶԶȥǴ˿̾ƯеһҶСƵģܾκ˵Ĵ򣬴գʱ̶
ն񴦾ð̩۾ڵɫޱȣҪʳˮ
жѺڲðȻ̩۾ǰڴˣȻҲֻбԹڡ
λҪϻԵһЩҲģձƶϣƬ̣ǱҪɱΧ뿪طʱλǧĪҪˡ
̩۾һ
ЩģںֻҪɱ˳ϫõµĻԵ¸۶ֵã


1791 Ѫ
̩۾Ļ˾Զһ
ûгɣǼǰС
䣡
ǳȼգ纣иһɹɽ֮Եա
Դˣ̩۾Ҳٱ͵ٴμһ鱦չޣֲڣ׭Ż㡢ͼŹϲɣϢ
˿̣չ޸һ֣˵һ籡һƥһҵӣ

һƥУȻһħӰʥϣ˷ϣǽܵĹϤֵ⣡
ʱ֮䣬ֻоѹһɡ
֮ޣ
Щ񾳾̾ϳϵ鱦˱ܹѶֳΪ񡱣ΪԼã˵Ī⡣
ˣ̩۾ҲһԵã֮ɱ֮һ㴸˽һǧ֮ãзӡġĿǧ֮
ЩץͽƣΪͶ񾳲Σռ˽һĿӵܵġĿռ˽ɣʣµһɣӵܵޡݵȵȡ
ʱսġ񡱣ԶΪǱνˮ֣κν֮ڴ˴ǡԷӳ벻á
¡¡
ƬǿղǳȼѭԻص
ʱȴκβ̩۾һˡ
ܿ죬һ˾ʹƬܳ±šɭ
ȼյǳֹɫ治ӿеĽ֮Ȼ١
ʣµֻһƬţĵģޱȡ
ˣ̩۾͵ֹ˸
ţ

Ǻ񡭡ʧ˷򣡡
ѵһֽˣ
ЩǿľҲֹ֮赽˼¡
Сģ
̩۾Ʋʲô͵ɫһ䣬ȣеĹ֮Ȼ
衭
ͬʱһҰԶǿУӿֳһž޴ޱȵףɽƴٲһԲȻգٿȻˡ
һɲǼ䣬̩۾ڵ˻һ䣬ɫұòѡ
ȵΣϢǵض


ϫһƵɫ⣬磬ƻã֣һɾ׿ԶϢ
ڣѪ۽¡¡ϯǧŭںХϴǡ
䣡䣡䣡
ƬѩļžǿϿգ˿̶һɽײĺҰ
ԶɳϫڵѪ֮ͷŶԵúޱȣͬûйԣˣֻƬꡱǱ𲻿Ԥֻɡ
Сӵ˲һѪϸԪӴʥطͽȫ죬룬û뵽ȴ׾Ϳž
һ࣬һֱųϫϰ״˿ҲһĨ͡
ϫһȺ󾭹ɽ¾֮͡Լ֮Ĵڵ̥
ӵʵۺĸŻ⡰ѪʱŻԵɣˮɡ
ϰףⷨѪ罬ʵɲ⣬ܲҲڸ
ͫ⨺СһԿôѲѣ̲סϰֽ
㣿
ϰбСһۣȻҡͷλķţԳƵǾ޳޶ȴϸԪķţ湻̰ĵġ
˵ܲܡ
Сץ
ϫܹ˷ΪڣԱܿٵĿ̽ƿأ㡭
ϰƲƲ죬˷ԼѰνǰ֮Ե֮٣ϸԪĶɲöǺö
һУСһɵؿϰһۣջϨһ˿ϣ
ڽ̸֮ʣϫȻһںڵѪڣȻݷ
ٹһʱңʩչ߱µĺ֢ͿԳ׻ָ
ϰװͷ
ţ
СƲʲôȻһĨӲӵĹ󣬾дˣ
һɲǼ䣬ϫҲʶתƣСϰ׵ӰȫڱΡ
ˣ
ڳϫոһУƬꡱǵǿȻһȦӳֳӰ

Ϊ׵ģȻ̩۾
ֻʱɫѿȾѪ˱ŭԶޣϢɲ
ֹ̩۾ߵλǿߣɫҲޱȣĿʳˮ
죡
Ǳڡ֮硱Уʱʱ̶̿һͷĹ
̩۾սƿ鱦ټʮλǿΪȴȻһͷĶ֣
һս̫ң֮Уоλǿ߼ֲסɱʧ֮أ
ֱʱִһƬ꣬һֲʵĸоļ²ֹ
̫ˡ
ૣɫࡣ
ֱˣͲ֮Թɴδڴ
˻ں޽ӡ
̩۾ˣ侲ĿһɨܣĬĮȻʱ򣬻кڵĿ𣿡
˳ĬǵȻˣ޷ڣֻһʱƽˡ
Ȼ޷ڣͼǰ
̩۾һһ٣͸һĨȻݲǰƬǿձšꡯ֮ƵֻҪԽ˵أǷڣ֮ڡ
˶٣ҲζţһϻԵѾߣ
˻һĿɨܣԭɥľҲһ±û
ǡδѰٵĿټ˼ȫѰٻԵϣƺЩװɡ
ԥƬ̣
һɫԶò
ǰǿΪɱǸСӶȻӰδҵǴȥЩֻ¶Ĳǡ
˵Сӻ᲻ڴˣϾǶʧأСƵԶԶˡ
˳
ţҲעӴ˵أ˲ܱǣűߡ
ɫ
̩۾һüѣǴڴ۵ʲôʱ򣿡
ɫһͣ

³֣̩۾ɨһۣӰһԶɶݶȥ
˼ˣ˴˻һۣҲæȥ
СһЩЩҲȲǣ
ߣǰһɶصϢȥ̽һ
һ߷ɶݣ̩۾һָˣһСıٻܿǱʧããǿ
ʼգǻȻûע⵽ھǲԶһ·ѽǵһһпС
һ۾ĸǿߡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫüҲץʱ·ˣЩһõһԵɾˡ
ϫɴӦҵġ
ϰ׷ɿ
Ȼ
ϫ˵ͷһ߰ɣҵΪѻָĲˡ


1792 Ԧ
ûгɣϫ´СϰŲʱնȥ

ʱɢڿռ
һ߾ӴޱȵУϫǾһֻֻɳƵģԵúС
ʵں󣬵ܾƬе壬ǻһ˼ѳڴˡ
ЩɶǺޱȵĹ屦Ǳ޵Դɡ
ϫԸпҶЩԤϵѣ̲סȥɨˡ
Ǳߡ
ϰһָ㣬֮ǰͷµ־ӡ̸Ȼ֪˴˵һС
ϫȴ֣ϰ״ʱָĵ·ȻǸղ̩۾ߵһ·
Ҳζţ̩۾ǻпѰٵһλµĻԵˣ
뵽⣬ϫвһݣ

͡͡͡
һյʱԶȻһɬ롢޾ɱ
ϫʱһС
Զ뿪ˡꡱǵ򣬳ҰеһƬռŵǿա
ûǳûйâûһƬռ䣬Ψһѩ׹Ǻ͵ĵ·УԶûͷ
һɻɬѶɱǴһǺͨϴ
⻭漫Ϊˣռźڰһ޾ͷĹǺͨУɬصƬǿյ޾ԶĹȥԾǵһɱ¾þòɢ
սХ򵥿Ϊһɱ֣
ϰɫҲأɿϫ㻹ǵõɽϵĳ𣿡
ϫͷǵãһɽϱѹ˲֪ٵս꣬Զç֮ץǿoɽС
ݲһǺ֮·Ӧɽ̤࣬ϣȻ޾ųѹ֮Խһֻ»ԽԽֲˡ
ϰ׵һ䣬ɵСһЩ
ȻˣԵȫԸ
ϫЦЦﷺһĨᶨ
˵ʱѵִһƬռǿ£һǺ·ǰ
С׼
ϫƳһԵСһЦʾס
ߣ
ϫӰһ̤˹Ǻ·
Ȼ֮䣬һɰɱɽѹȶи쳹ǳ޾ɱ¾
ϫ죬ʯתΪɿǰ
ѹ֮ʼǿ
̤ʱҲ൱ǿߵȫ룬Ҳǽڽ
ûãѹ֮Ѵﵽǿ߲ž߱ܣ
¡¡
εѹż̺֮ˮͳϫײһ
Ǹоͺһǿ֣߳Ҫϫɱ
һǰֻѿסˡ
ϫһӣ¡һֱӽǰѹѹһٴݿ塣
ãʱôա
ϫһǰУһ߻εѹ֮
ѹ֮ȻҲĳһؽ糱ˮ㲻ѹԽԽǿ
ৣ
˰Σϫʱüëһسն£һĹ켣һɹѹ֮顣
ִ˵غѹ֮Ѵﵽһֿ۷εܣóϫҲٳֿȭԴ
ǰá
ϫЪЪ
СＫΪսһ·ϫǰУѿͣһٰ಻ס֣Ҷȥ
¡
ѹ֮飬
СһԺֱð⣬ʹ죬ʹ죡
˵ʱһ·ֱײ׺͵˼£ϰ׶סֹۣӹȻһȺöսѱħƵġ
Сæϫʱô˻ᣬֳܹܡ
һƬռţããһƬҹһƬڰԨ
һǺ֮·Եôûоͷ
óϫʵϰף˵·ͷпλ֮أ
˾Ųʮ
ϰ׵ͷҪСģ̩۾һ˵ǰߡ
Աһ鱦ʩչһα߱ҲС
ϫЦЦȴһƬȻڿЦ
Դȷ̩۾һϣ֪ԷȻΪɱԼ
£ɱԷԷҲǧټƵɱԼ
˵⣬ϫȻȻ֣µĹǺ·Ȼÿһΰ㳯ɢ
ѹҲȻ˵֮ǰѹ֮Ǿ̺ˮôڵѹ֮ǧ
ããã
СȴսԽԽܣȻΪɸߣͷ֮״أ׺һս㣬֮˭ļơ
ϫˣ˼
ͫ⨺ǵؼһ壬츳սλ̫۹δ˶ԣڵķԶǵһսţһСȻѶ׺ȴͨսҲһ֡սʽ
ϰһָһ䣬ͺȻЦλҲðߣԺߣɶһѵս֡
СԼĵҪߣҿɲӿˡ
ϫҡͷ
أ
ڴʱȻСǰɸߵӰһģǱһѹ֮ЩǱ
¡
һɲǣһѹ֮ನԽСײ˳ϫϣóϫҲһѪ
ϫСģѹ֮ѿɱȵ۾ˣ
Сһֳȥǵûκμɵ׺ˡ
ȻϰСΪսĴڡ
ȥСҲֲ˶ãóԪǱ飡
ϰ׷ɿԤϵһĻһԵú
ԪǱ飡
ǳϫӵϺжõһ鱦ǰЩԸ϶ɵ۾ʱùһΡ
һϰ׵ѣϫʱӦ־֪鱦ֻºиϵˡ
ת֮䣬ϫóԪǱ顣
ҴһķţȻԴô˱﷢ӳ˼á
ϰ˵ţͽһɻɬ˳ϫʶС
Ԧ
ܰԵһ֣ʵȴһִ壬ķţܹԵʱǡѹǬ
ԳϫԣƬ̣ͽһطа͸
䣡
ʱСٴα˻ƺʹһģһɲǣ໴Ҫȥս
С
ϫֹ˵ʱһתԦȻһɺ֮ܵϢ
һϢӿеԪǱУһ˲䣬һԼĪȭͷСȻͷųȻԣһҲ֮쳹
ˡ
ۿһɻɬϡƻ֮糱ˮ㣬ԪǱɢ
¡¡
һɢ֮ѹȶײԭȵ۾ĺߣ˿ȴ㣬Ȼѹ


1793 ·
ԪǱ龹ӵôɲƣóϫҲЩ⣬ܿ
ԪǱǺ·ϵѹ֮һĿã˷Żǿܡ
ϫͬʱԼڵ̶̼֮䣬˽ɣѰĵ̫ˡ
ϫԦ͡ԪǱ顯ȻԲЧȴޣҪãһסȥס
ϰ׷ɿ촫ѳϫ
˵ԦԪǱ飬ףԶʺá
塣
ÿһͷɽ֮ӴӵеҲȻޱȣԶԶʿ
ĹͱڳϫУĺεȶ
ˡ
ϫȴЦЦ˵ʱƿԪǱ飬ٴǰ
¡¡
·ϣѹ֮ɲĵ۾ӵеҲѷɫѹʱգ׵Եúޱȡ
ԪǱ鷢⣬Ȼһգͷųɬϡ֮ѹ׾ٽһѹ߽֮⡢촷ۡ
һжԵúɡ
ϰȴǿһɲΪһ·ϫǺݽߵļϢһ㣬ԵüΪ־ãҲ̫
СڶȻһԴԴϲ磬ӵܵģƺֻС
ֱϰԼ³һЩ𰸣һӱ
û뵽ֲõСӵչʱ͸оһЩѰԭӵȻ屦
ϰһ̾ԭΪԼѽϫһ˽͸Ȼ¡
ϫ
ȻԶһĮ
ͬʱϫٿȻֹзһĨٿȻǺ·Զȥ
ھ֮ĵطһȺӰȻ̩۾һˡ
ֻ˿̣ǽԶ񱦣ȫֿǰĿֲѹ֮ԵúǳԱã޷
ϫǳʱ̩۾϶ʱ¶һĨϾ
ȻСӣ
̤Ьٴû뵽СӾˣ
ǿҲע⵽˳ϫһԶܣ¶Цﾡɱ
ȡ·ꡱľƣϫδκλңܣڳ˼ʲô
ҡҡͷǰֻȴǴ˺ͶԷǰеĵ·ֱ̩۾һˡ
ߣô˻ᣬȥɱ˴ӣ
̩۾Ǳһλǿ߰಻סɭȻ˵
׳գ
ϵأһ̩۾ɫһȴȥ
һɫò
ʮ峤˵ĲҪ³çڴ˵أҲãҲã£ɱ˴ӣ
Ȼ̾Ϣ
ѱڴã̩۾ܣҲάϵһ˲ѹ˰ˡ
ֹˣǿôСֻڵΪȴӲ׷̫ˡ
¶أɲؿԶĳϫһˡ
˻һҲһʶ˳ϫһ˵Ĳ
ǡΰ쵽ģ
˽סʳ
ϵԪǱ飡
һֱδڵ̩۾³֣ɫޱȣֻñû뵽СӾ崫طȻԳ׷ӳ˱
һ£Ҳ׹ɫҲǱޱȡ
ע⵽ϫһ˵ӰгԽǵļʱǵɫÿʳˮ
ģСδ̫˰ɣ򣬻֮磬δɱСӣƾһӾҪԽǣδҲ̫ˣ
ô죬һ·֮󣬾֮أСǰִһԵֻ¡
ɫѿ
ļۼգ֮ؾҪڸɲСҪһԵɲô׵顣
һ̩۾ԼĿӳϫһƿһһطһƳǰڴڼǰһ

ˡ
ԪǱ鲻ϲͷųһȦȦǰ·һɹӿѹ֮Ϥ⡣
ֱʱϫҲеһѹΪ룬ĵٶҲڲϼӿ죬ȫתҲܹǿܹסǰĲ
ѹֻ֮ӵаǵ۾ˣ
ϰɫҲɿ촫ҹƲֻҪټһʱ䣬ԿһǺ·
ϫ˵ͷ
أɫҲǰĲʼϢʼûǡ
ֹá
ϫβòͣһߵӿѹһ߳㵹ֿҩԴԼ

úϫÿǰһ͵ֹһյʱ䣬Ŀ֪жֲ
䡭
ųϫһǰ͵һɣһƬѹ֮ǵ
㴳طˣ
ϫһߴڴϢһߴЦѣһػϲá
ûһѹ֮һθо·һѵޱȵܡ
ϰ׺СҲϲòѣһ·䲻ȴߵʵ̫ˣųϫһնУҲһֱΪĵΪ䵣ǲѡ
ڿһǺͨʵҲһ
ǺͨǰһƬǿգоӳֳһɽ
ЩɽǿУǳӴ˲֪ٱͨڻҝУԵΡء
ɽ
ϰ۾һϲãͷ˵ʬһƬǿɽУ
Ŷ
ϫҲһ
꣡
ϫһͻȻһ׵ɱ¡

ϫδ֣Сɨȥֱӻһ׵
ϫԾǣСһСȴܿƵصˣǶȳһѪһˡ
׽ף
ϰɫأȲҪǰһմȾҷǵڻеһе
ϫУζţɽ֮ǰǹǺͨգ
ȷΣֻ࣬Ҫƽ֮ȴѣֻҪðһķհˡ
ϰ׳ʲô
ϫˣٴϰףĿȴڴԶһС
һڣѣµΪһ֮֮ȴ˶ơաؿδ̫
λΪҪô
ѵһнֻΪ˱ʬַ
϶˼ˣ
ϫһ˿ֱ֮ڣֻʲô顣
ˣܹ̤ɽϷԭΪһλǿߣ˭֪ȴһСޣʵϷʧϷȰǸϽߣΪһ翵ĻԵԼ
Ȼ֮䣬һɳƵٿȻԶǻҝǿд


1794 
Ȼˣ
ϫһ͵ؾ䱸ע⵽ǰֵһɽ֮ߣϥһӰ
ϸȥֻͷڣȴĮ֮òᣬɳϫȴоֻ»˺ܾúܾá
Ǭǻ죬һﾹǸǵ۾
ϰҲͬһʱע⵽Ĵڣ´һɿѳϫдһ˿ء
ǵ۾
ϫҲǺݺһ˭뵽꾹һ۾ǿĴڣ
һҲܹ׾ִڴ˵ģȻѰ֮
Ҫ֪̩۾һǺͨϣͬΪ۾ڣȻҪ̩۾ǿࡣ
Ǿһλǵ۾ͣɽȥѰµϻԵ
ȻбȻˣ
ף
ȻԶɽϵƲʲô˼ؿųϫһڵСޣȻܹƿ֮磬·յִڴˣЩѰĸеӵܣʦ˭
ʦ䣬ɲ֪ġ
ϫƽȴǴжϳλǵ۾ֻǱڴ˵أȥѰµĻԵˣĿĺԼ
ǺǣСĽ䱸̫ǿˣҶһֱʦẦһСޡ
ȻЦĿȴϸ۲ϫ顣
ϧϫ̫侲ˣϲʲôõĶ
ģ
ֳϫϤȴΪԷһ仰ͷɾˡ
ͬʱԸСС䱸Ȼִϰףɽķˣ
ҪԸ׽ףҲѣֻеԪǱΪʩչһطԻ⡣
ϰ״ĵǣɽֹ׽һؿ
Ŷ
ϫС
ˣȰǻǸϽ߰ɣڴ˵ذǧ֮ãҲûܽһԵŪ֣ʵԶԶ
ҡͷڣ鿴ĮﻰⲢδ¶ʲôмߵ⣬˵һѰ顣
⻰ϰ׶УȴЩܲˣߵ㱻ڴˣǾͻᱻڴˣʱʵĸߵͿɲԾһС
һϰãȴ¶һ˿ɻüʲôֻΪѣȴ˿ʵЩ֪ˡ
ϰ׿ڣ¸ǣɽؽأһر׽ףûǵ۾ͣɺԽ׳һ
ڶؽأڱ££ʮɽʱıԴ֮ɱ֮أֵܹձƶϣҲֻа벽εĴڣһϣܹ˵ء
һǡӦϰ֮ǰƲ⣬óϫҲһ벽һ߳ɹϣ
ǶĿ϶ƭˣǵ۾ΪΪλᱻǵڶؽУ
Ǻǡ
һ̣ϰȴĪعЦǲмڳǶĿʡ
Ϊβ뿪
ϫˣæתƻ⣬ϰȾٶŭǶġ
ġ
ĵȻǵ۾Ҫ֪֮Ҫȵʲô£ȻˣȴǱޣгһջһ˿תһԵ˵ƾȥ֮
ԣϫüʱĬˡ
ϧֻûκϣˡ
ϰ׺ȻЦͬһԵ־ڱصãĵĻеһ˿
Ŷ
һʱϰãȻҲЦֻЦȴ⣬ãҪһ񾳴ڣθ˴Բѣ
˵գպϣ¿ʼϫǡ
һĻϫвһ˼ؿϰһۣ뵽ƽ֮ˣ
ϰһЦʱˡ
ϰûе飬һطӡһд˳ϫ
Ȼ˵طʩչ󣬶ȻԪǱ𣬵ģֻҪһؽƣұ֤鱦ָܲҪñǿ󣡡
ֻҪܴһؽأǻԪǱҲﾡֵˡ
ϫЦЦΪȻ

һ
ϫ׽ϰڵطвһĨ֮ɫط̸϶ȴ˼
ûٶ˼ϫϰ׺Сʼǰ
¡¡
һʼжƬؼȻһҷɱһ׵硣



׵֮оһХŭ𣬹Юſɲɱ⣬׵罵٣һһкԵúޱȡ
׽ף췣ƺޱȣǶԣҪԽһƬأӵǵ۾ʵˡ
ϫɫҲϾ
ˡ
ԪǱڽ֮ǰְգ͵طתҴܣʱն飬Ϊһ˵ĺڶС
ת֮ʵ̫ǿһ쫷磬ҪƬض˺һ㡣
䣡
һ׽ɱ£ױȡ
Ѱ£³ϫţһʱҲԻᱻĶӣ֮Կ
С׺飬˿̶סһȻըë
ⲻô
׽Զɽϵ궫۾ûȴ̾˿

ȻһɲǣһҼײ𣬲ؼص̵öĶĤһ
üͷһ壬ۻȥԶ龰ʱɫʱ΢΢һ͡
ֻԶУһŲȻյӲϷתʱնŤΪһƬкڶһɱµ׽ף˿ȴе߰㣬ײĦȴǱı˹沨Ƶģдת
ԪǱ飡
ѵСǵϺʲôʱ򣬽Ҳľӵˣ
ڶоɵʱֻһ죬һ׽׾Ǳݺ˦ɳУԶݺ׹ȥ
һĪĽף˿̾һìƵı˦ߣǵȳöҲһȻʲôţ˷˼
ĿһĻϫϰסСнԶǳһɹˣ
ϰڵطǽԪǱΪʩչһĻˮֶΣӲ׽׵Ĺƫȥ
һҲϫǺ׽ӲΣգȷǷ˼

ǶģǳϫǽԶû뵽ǣһ˦ȥ׽׻δɱ£ȴһӰ֣ŵλúɲɵؾһ׽֮¡
һޱȵĲҽУһӰеһ
һĻʵ̫ͻأҲ̫棬ֱƵģɺϡ
˵ǶġϫǣһӰֻҲû뵽ᷢһĻˡ


1795 ˮ
ʱݵϫһ˽ɽ֮ǰ
һǺͨϣۼϫһ˳ԽԼˣ뵽ԵУ̩۾ɫ
Ľ٣޷һϻԵɱһСһߡ

̩۾һǿ԰ɱһҲκαʩչһط
ˡ
ڳԣȻĿܻתѭоȵȺؼصݡ
һɲǼ䣬̩۾ȻײһƿǬơ
̩۾ʩƾԽԽǿʢͣٵƣ
¡¡
УǺͨϣһɹ񱩺Хѹ֮ϮԴλǿߵֵסӶΪ̩۾Ӯ˸ʩʱ䡣
ǱϾ񾳣̩۾ڴ޷ǰһָοˡ
ۣ
Ƭʱ䣬һλǿ߿ѪӰģ㱻ڵ·ϡ
һյʱλǿҲ½֧Ųס׷׿ѪɫɷףһҶҶڷ籩ĵһ㣬᧿Σ
ۼǾҪ٣ʮ𼱵Ĺͷԭһ̩۾Ȼ۾
䣡
һɿֲޱȵѹȻ̩۾ɢɨҶ㣬һ˲㽫ӿѹ֮촷ۣ񣬴ݿ࣡
ɹˣ
λǿ߽ԶܣĸоǼֱ޷ݴ˿̵顣
ߣһҪɱСӣԲĻԵӸõˣ
һ̵̩۾ƺ嫣һĿϢֹ֮ǿһ
˵ʱ͵̤ϣ֮ǲӿѹֽ֮㣬׷ɢ𣬺м֮
ʮ峤ϺֶΣ
ûв´ʮ峤õطӦϰ˴ѧ֮һġѪڵɣ
Ѫڵ죬ֲԭǴطǱġ߱񹦡ѷɫط
̩۾Եλǿ̾Ϊ̩۾չֳֶξ޲ѡ
̩۾ɫȴǵⲻѣֱ羴̾ĸо
߰ɣɱСӣĻԵ֮Ҳ١
̩۾Įһ仰͵˫һչͬһһѹ֮ݻ١
Ȼ
ʮ峤Լǡ
Щǿ߷׷ס
⣬ͨǰɽСȻ
̩۾зһĨŨɱͣһ뵽ͨͷС
ˣҲæϣĦȭƣֱ޲ھͰѳϫ̻ˡ
СϷҪǷӵ
ǺǣοǧżɱСĥܲŽʹ졣
ʱϷҲҪúһӣ
һţǸ̩۾ɽС
Ȼ󡪡
ǶδüɽòʱһǺɱ
һɲʱ̣̩۾ͫһУʶһݺܡ
ߵλǿɫ䣬ûɳͬʶҪܣȴǱ̩۾һ˿
䣡
ɱ£Ӳһǿϣ˽ֻüһҽУͱɷɻң굱ͱĨɱ
ĿһĻ̩۾Ҳһ˲ͿԼĪǧ֮򣬺Ȼųϫһˡ
λǿһĻ𺳵ûһ£εѣ֮ǰǻһ˷۸Ƴϫһգ֮䣬һͬͳʧϣǿҵܽܵˣ
ȻǴӣ
̩۾³֣м޾ɱ
ɶ񣡡
һС͵Ϯǣ
λǿһҲѹԶĳϫʱ³ɺӿͷɫһӱɭޱȡ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲϳ̩۾һˣԶ΢΢һ⣬û뵽Էô׷ˡ
Ǿ̲סЦˣÿҲɣһŲƫ׽׾Ȼײɱ˶ԷһλǿߣδҲ̫ˡ
ĻˣȻЦ
һǿ߱ŭҪǰɱϫ
䣡
ɾڴʱһ׵ֵĲ͵ɱ£ŵǿ߻һʶͳһ˱ܡ
ɵע⵽һ׹ǳϫʱвһ߷ߣоԼղŵܾٶ̫ˡ
һ˲ֻ׽٣ɱǸС飿
ˡ
Ȼǣһ׽֮ȴڰ;бԪǱиǣƣܿƵظתƫ˹
ԶԶȥͺһױϫԪǱƿһ㡣
һ̩̾۾Ҳͫһкݺһ鴤㶼š
ǿ׽װ
ܻᱻƿأ
ꡭ
ǷӦһ͵ر˦ɳȥһָΪѸ͵ٶȺݺݳɱ
ʱ֮䣬̩۾һĻɫһ䣬æܲѣԵ쳣Ǳ
ɼˣһλǿ߱ײ壬һ۶ʱ촷ۣΪٽɢ

˾ʹޱȣ̲סҽС
̩۾һ˽Զ־ŭף֮ǰĨɱͬһףȻҲǳԳϫֱʣ

һеȷǳԳϫֱʣֻһȴƣֻɺϰˡ
ҲΪɺкȻһһ˿ݽ׵뷨Ǳڶס
飬ϫҲڷ֣ͨϰڵطٸеԪǱ飬ȫԿƽƫķ͹켣ȻԼֱƿأǵǾԳǿ
һ֣ɱ˴ӣ
ԣȥעʧء
̩۾һ˵ϣӦҪɱϫΨ˲ܽǰ
ϧϫɲǻᡣ
̩۾ǶֵһɲǣϫҲˣֻȴǳ׽׸ǵȥ
䣡䣡䣡
Ȼλǵ۾ԣ׽ǵĵһؽʱ׽ȻÿܼһӲӵ⣬ɱ¡
ǰξ飬εĳϫԵüΪ򶨣ƿԪǱ飬ʩչطܻΪһƬʱУڰշתֹ
Щɱƺ˵׽׸һ٣һؾͱһǣƣŲƫ˷򣬶ճϫ⣬ݺ˦ɳȥǳɱ̩۾ɱȥ
ã
㣡

̩۾һ˼ˣɫһ־ŭֱĻ뵽ϴһλ۾򣬿񾹻ᱻһڵŪ֮䣿
ٷŭȴ£ǻǲκεʶֵܵҺЩ׽ֱӲ
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬Ƭǽ׺һſʯ׹ҵʱձ顢عѡֳݡҵļ
̩۾һСһ㣬ƵƵƵܣǱ˼¡


1796 
꣡
ܣһǿ߱һ׽׻УɱѪ⡢˲仯Ϊ촷ۣ䡣
һĻ־̩۾һɫ粻ŭÿҪѪ
һڵ˶ѣȴ׽ף½ɱλǿߣνܵˣ
ˣ
̩۾뷢ŭţ
ɻжֻ¡һһɱȻֹòٴǱܡ
ηŭֱģ޵߿Цɡ
̩۾ߵǽʣµǿûôˣڽʱУĨɱ
׽׵Ŀɲ֮ɽһؽǵʱ£̺һѰɱȡ
ɶ񣡣
̩۾ѾñףĿѡ
ΪһλȨĳϴΪһӵиĵ۾ڣܵ˴ܺ裿
ֻ׷ɱһ˶ѣ˴δһǿȫ٣Ǵȥȫָο̩۾
ָ彻
̩۾ŭˣߣݶŤŭԶޣͷųɲޱȵơ
¡¡
汬ħ䣬ţԶȥ
Ȼʹʧһ£ʣһˣκٲطȥˡ
£ֵסһɱ׽ףʼɽ
ڳϫһˣ̩۾ٶҪࡣ
ԭڣϫԪǱƻľֶΣһ׽ס޻̩۾ϡ
̩۾ȴֻƾȥӲ£Ҫ׷ϳϫҲǸܵ顣
̩۾ѹ˲ЩֻһͷƬҲҪɱϫ

û뵽ǾȻԵϵ˸ģν澡ʧˡ
Զɽۣ֮һ£ݿĶҲϳ̩۾һ˵ݣһǿ߱ɱҡҡͷ
оͷһĨɫԣϺһԶ̫Ͻ̹ϵǳ֮䲻ӦûԲǡ
Īǣ˲ǵϺ᣿ô˵ĻеԪǱ²ԭӦӵеġ
֮ǰΪԪǱԵʣʶѳϫ˵Ϻᣬڴʱȴ͵ʶԼ֮ǰж
ùŹֵһСһڵΪȴܴعؿ̤ɽУָһֻͯ⨺һֻصĹϵ鱦ҲգһмɾԵ̫ˡ
ԽԽоϫĲ̲סٴΰĿ˳ϫǱߡ
ȴϫһ̬ݵһڵһؽǰУѾҪߡ
ΪƿԪǱԵʣǲϴӿɱµ׽ҲǸ˺һ˿һ
ֲֻǸţƾ˱пִܵڶؽء
֮ǰϰһֱͶԴǽ棬úҲһ˿죬ɵĿһĻʱҲЩݣеһ˿ӡ
ߣʲôǲǺڸղ˵̫ˣ
ϰһ̧ͷͿ˶Ŀ⣬Ȼͦأһ
Ǻǣȷû뵽ǾȻԪǱ飬ɲ˵̫һؽܱǿԽڶؽ
ĵ赭д˵΢΢һЦĿ⣬ٶԡ
ȻΪϫܹڶؽˡ
٣һǸղһ仰첻ǰ첻ƣ
ϰЦ
Уϫһֱδ˵˼һֱڻƿ׽ϡ
Ŀ̩۾ߵһλλǿ߱ɱʱҲޱȡ
ԭһɽжȴЩһ·½أһҪԼɱļƣóϫҲðɡ
ΪˣϫƵӽһƬϵУӶݣֱʱƸղſʼŤתöȻǳ֮
ϫҴ⣬Ϊֱʱ̩۾ǺԻ
ϫ֮ǰ͵Ҷ϶ɵ۾֣мΪҪɱһ۾жôѺա
жϣ̩۾ʵ֮϶ɵ۾ҪǿһأԲκδˡ
£ΨһҪľץʱƬ׽׵򣬲̩۾ľ룬ԴܿͶԷͻˡ

䣡䣡䣡
ʱƣһ׽ײɱ£Ұ쳹˷֮Ϣ
ϫһǰС
ԶɽϵĶҲѱĿһС
һ̩̾۾Ҳѻָ侲ɫɱһǰУɱƣܣԵޱȡ
һ
һϫֻһᣬǵһؽʱһ
߳⸲׽׵ĵһ
ȻϰԣԪǱѾ˲𻵡
ϫеıֻͨ󰵵ϢҲǲ֮ǰǰӨԲһŲȻһЩ߲һ㡣
һ鱦𻵣Ȼ٣޵߼ˣ۵Ѫɡ
ϫѾˣܹƾ˱оյؿǵһؽﾡˡ
ϫƳһۣ̩۾ӰڼԶٶò˶ҲԿһؽ
óϫüɿ촫ϰףڶؽӦԣ
Ƕĵ˵ǵڶؽǰʮɽʱıԴ֮ɱ֮أҲֻа벽εĴڣһϣܹ
ҲˣǶΪһǵ۾ڴ˴ذǧ꣬Ҳɱڴˣ޷ǰԽһ
д˱֪ڶؽĿɲ
ⷽЩðգȴһԡ
ϰ׳ĬƬ̣ɫúıԴ̫ǿ֮ɱµĴڡ
ϫһݣʵʲô
ϰ׼ˣȴЦˣǵ֮ǰ˵ĻôǴ˷Уֹ˳ǵڶؽһܹԪǱ鳹޸ƱøΪǿ󣡡
ϫסüûʲô
ϰβɿ촫ϫıԴ֮ʣȴĪɱҪ͵ǲܵ飬ˣеĴܹԵؼκ֮
ϰ˵꣬ϫʹϵȷҵȥãֻ¸û취쵽һ
ϰײΪȻһԣ֪У˵ķˣʮȫʮİװ취
ϫʱԥˣҪҪһԣ


1797 Ӱ
ԥĳֵǡ
óϫǵľֻȥðԴȥڶؽƣؼԶɽۣ֮̾һǵ۾
ȻԷֵĲκζ⣬ɳϫɲҾʹˡ
οں󷽻һλ̩۾ڲϿóϫò
ǵǸǵ۾
ϰƿϫ˼İɣǼһﱻٲά裬Ҫû֣ȵܿùǽгĵԴ֮
˶٣ֻҪǳ䲻⣬ǰڶؽУעκβˡ
ϫüγ䲻⣿
ϰײЦˣѵûһΪǴǵڶؽ£ݿɲһˣ෴ԹۣһǾʲôֶȥڶؽǵĻᡣ
ϫƬ̣ջǵͷӦ

ܿ죬ϫǱ˵һɽ֮ۡ
ǣҪڶؽ
һϮµĶĴӴ۾ƳۿžԼǧ֮ĳϫǣȻЦ
ôĪ㵣Ǵȥˣλǵ۾Ե̫ܣ
ϰ׼ڣηԷ
Ϳ湻ģˣҲǼƽϣȻǾ㡣
ԵúзȣֻҡͷһЦٺϰ׼ƽϡ
ϰȴǵЦЦҪľЧⶫĲһֹǣǲŽв롣
ʼգϫһжδעɽ֮󣬾ϸԶһС
ǽµɽƣǵڶؽĵһɽȥԶֱʮɽ
ÿһɽԶۻ룬һļµĿɲϢɬأ޾Ԩûһߡ
ɽڶؽҲͨλʬ֮صһؿԹ񣬲֪жپֹڴˣ
׼𣿡
ϴϰ׵
ϫ˵ͷһϰ׵УߵĽͫ⨺СôҲڴعС⡣
һУϫѾǼᶨ֮ɫʼɡ
˵ţһ̤ǰȥ
ˡ
һɽ֮ȥһ̣һɲϡءĲȻؼɢɫ䣬һ̶ٿȻŤ
񷣬ڣҹг٣
ǵ龰ֱĩս٣ҪһжĨԵúޱȡ
¡
Ȼ֮䣬һɾ춯صĺ쳹ϫֻǰһԶоֳһӰ
Ӱɸߣͷ񷣬̤أ֮䣬ƺվ£بŲ
ͬʱһɹϺ嫾ԶϢٿȻɸߵӰϴһɲǣһȻĿӿ֣Ӱÿһ缡¡
¡¡
Ӱʵ̫ˣ̫ţͬ쳹
Ƭһ̶ƱһΰӰ⣬â򣬷ޱߣһӳѵһo˲ԾСã֮С
ǡ
ϫкݺһ𣬵һڶؽΪɲɵһɹӰʱɲеһľᵽһΣϢ
ؾţµıԴ֮Ȼɲȴǻۣ֮ǰԸжˡ
ϰɫҲǳأɿѳϫ
ϫ˵ͷʲôȴԶĶĺȻڵǼһʱµġԴ֮ǡְǧ֮ãʩչֶΣҲδƷǡȥ
ϫŲ˶٣ջûᡣ
ˡ
ϫԪǱ飬գͷųһɹɹϵ
̧ǰȥ
ǸǿСһȻһζҲֱûǡ
ļ˲ҡҡͷԭĿޣջûסĿ˹ȥ
Ҳ棬һڵ˶ѣ˭ôţȻҹһ˴벽еޱȵĽˡ

䣡
ڳϫǰеһ̣һΰӰٿȻŤͷһհ£Ŀ⾹ʵʣ̴ʱգ˲ϫ
һ˲䣬ϫֻо궼һڣεѣë뵹˶Ӳ
ˡ
УԪǱ鷢⣬ֳϫǽܵһ𻯽⡣
ţ
һǻɬƵĴһӰڴƸеЩɻ
ȻˣһԴ֮ԪǱԴһ£һʱ̲֡
ϰ͵ɿ촫죬һٽһˣ
һǻᱻŭ֣
ϫü
㼴㲻֣ΪƬ
ϰû
ϫ۾һҧ͵̧һһǻƵĹɢڰٿȻһŴǲѴ֮㽫һӰס
ף
ͬʱǶĵľԭɽˣ
ϰװһ⣬ȵϫŸʲôж
ѣϫʶƵĽȣ͵תȫΪͷԣ͵һХͽԪǱݺͶ˳ȥ
ĿǱڴеӰ
Ȼ죬Դ֮ӰӦ죬ڱʱһһ̧֣㽫¡ϵĴ߬ס
˺ȻǣֺֻȻһֻܲظ߹צ
צͷŵǿɲֱ粻һ㣬ץ𣬺ݺ˺Ҫ顣
ã
ϫϰɫ䡣
ǵļƻУԴԴ֮ΰӰټԪǱ飬ȥȡΰӰϵ
ϾԪǱıԴ֮Զ֮ԴһֻҪԪǱӰڣԲԷˡ
һͿóϫԪǱȡӶﵽɱԷĿġ
ϫϰ׽Զû뵽ǣӰ˿ֲĹ£ȿ񱦶֮ʱһֲ
ΪҪǣӰδٵȴ͵ٴ̽һֻצճϫɱ
䣡
һֻצܲƻɬ߹ƣ֮Ļɱ£Ʋһ㣬˸޿ӣ޿ɱܣ
ӣ
ϰ׼С
ԼСһıԴԲŻ֮

ͬʱϫɫҲһŤͷʹܣû뵽һ֣ͻޱȵľУܾʹ˶ʧ

ڳϫҪصһɲǣһƬٳʢɫϼȻɢ֮ǰɱצӲһ
⾹Ǿǵ۾ĳˣ


1798 ָ֮
ɫڣЮϵ۾֮ݺݺһֻצײһ𣬲ıԱŽɢ˷
Ƚ棬Ǿ춯أóϫûзӦ֮˵κжˡ
û취Դ֮ӰǴʱֵľǵ۾ģԶ̫ǿ󣬲ֻڵĳϫע޷֮ȼ硣
ߣ
ӰƳʹһŭߣء
ô˻ᣬǶȴһץסϫ˵һɽ֮ߡ
ˣڰȫˣǼһֻҪ̤ǵڶؽǲġ
ưһ
Ҫʲô
ϫ侪ɣɫȴɳ㲻ΪҪְԼ
Ϊ˴
ΪԪǱ飿
ģˣȴ㶯ǿġ
Ŀųϫ˵һĮȻϾһĨЦ⣬пʵӦòµģܹģҲֻɽǵȴˡ
ϫȶԷϳԼֻЩ㲻ĶԴԼ̬ȡ
ǡѩͽ
ȻĿʵ
ϫҡͷöĲһǳϫһ仰ȴ͵۾
ѩ´ʦ֡ϫشĺƽ
ʦ֡
ڴظһ飬ɫȻùƾţջΪ֮ɫû뵽㾹ɽ֮״ӡ
˵⣬һƽ飬ǿѴһĨƵЦݣ㲻ؽţȻǴʦܣǱ㲻ˡ
⵹ϫȻ˻
ĵұʦɽȴδԸһֱΪûܳΪɽˣȴӴָ㣬ҲԿˣҷܹ˳۾һ·񡣡
˶٣˵ʦͽ֣֮ȴʦͽ֮ꡣȻǴʦܣȻͲˡ
һУϫЩ⣬뵽ǰλǵ۾꾹ܵʦѩָ㣿
ԭˡ
֮󣬳ϫҲп
˵һֱܾΪͽУѺʦûʲô𣬰ֱ֣һûһСʦŶԡ
ȻЦ
Ϊһǵ۾˵ⷬϧԾӣ֪Ǳ°Ͳɡ
Ⱳȷˣδ̫Ŀ࣬һǵ۾ƺһڵΪСʦ壬˭
ϫɲôΪˣ֮ô˵ȫΪԼʦѩΪԼжˡ
ҵҳϫá
ϫֵ
Ҳá
ĺЦͷ
ˣǱϻвУȻԼˣǾһȥڶؽʡҹζࡣ
һֱδ˵ϰ׼̲סˡ
ϫԣһ۶ġ
Ц˵ĲȻԼˣԻȫǴ˵أ֮ǰһ˵˴󻰣ԪǱʹҪ쵽һȴһյġ
ϰЩţ˵λѣǿûæ洳ڶؽѰٵµĻԵɲܸ
ϫԣһϰףȴᣬֻǰĿŶġ
ˣĳĬƬ̣㼴ˬãұ֤ô
Դƽȴ͸һĨᶨϵζ
ڴ˵Ⱥǧ꣬һֱͲ뿪Ϊ˻һԵӶԼһ˿֮Ļᡣ
ΪϫѩʦܣȻһԵóϫҲЩ⡣
ȻһжһԵӦһݡϫһ
ϰһ˿ϫ̬Ѿջû˵ʲô
⡭
һ£ķǱϫľЩˡ
˵ЩʲôͱϫЦŴϵôˣ㲻Ӧǿɲæ
Цݣһ۳ϫȻЦȻÿһɽӽԶѰ˿ɱȣͬ⣡
ǾͿжò˶ãϼһɾ׷ˡ
ϰԴ˵ʱƳһۺ󷽣ǵһؽУ̩۾ѿҪ
Ҫ֣ȽǼһ
˼ĿҲԶ̩۾
ʱϫϰ׽ԶĶѣܹöλǵ۾֣̩۾鷳׽ˣǿɾٺòˡ
ˣĶʱᣬЦˡ
ϫϰǽԶǣȶжԶ̩۾ƲʲôԭڿӰȻת·عȥһҪ˱뿪ļơ
Ȼ̩۾ϳ˶ݣĺͳϫһ𣬵ʱʶѡ˱ܡ
϶Ǽÿ졣
ϰЦ
ˣǿʼжɡ
ϫüջǾȲ̩۾
Ҳֻˡ
̾Ϣ
ɱ̩۾ȴԲ£ϾҲһλ۾׽ǵĵһؽУѡ˱ܣҪɱԷϣҲ

ޱ۾ģôڰǧǰѱչˣ
Сʲôϵ
Ҵ˳һؽ̩۾ɫû뵽ֻ׷ɱһڵ˶ѣۿ
ɶʵǿɶ񰡣
̩۾ֱ޵ݶҧ飬ɫòоԼһ·жʵ̫˳̫ù
УܾŹˣǶɱͲһֱ᲻ֿˣ
ã̩۾һҧתԭ·أҪ﷢һи֮壬
̩۾ֻҪϫû뿪һƬϵôϱл᳹ɱԷ
̩۾еֵķǶģˣɿܾʹǱأ

䣡䣡䣡
£һڵɫϼһԴ֮ӰԾһ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭңʱձܣ˵˼¡
ϸȥӰսɿɲ֮ȴǱƵģˡ
ô˻ᣬԶĳϫԪǱ飬ݺͶ˹ȥ
ˡ
һ˲ѣԪǱͳ뵽Ӱڣգʧ
֮ǰʱ˾ǵ۾ĵļ룬Ա˳
óϫҲһ
ҪѾˣͿӰֵܹʲôʱˡ
һ̣ϫܹ֪ԪǱڲϼȡӰӰƻȻûвһ㡣
ǰ̬ƳȥնɱԷƾԪǱҲԽ
ϰ״ڵķţԪǱ֮ǰ𣬿ɱϾǺ屾Դ֮ԴһıڶԸӰʱܹӳ˼á
ܹȡӰ̺ıԴ֮ԪǱ鲻ֹԵõ޸Ҳǿ


1799 Դ
ʱƣһӰϢҲ˥
䣡
Ӻ󣬶ָϼԣһٽһӰȻһѵĹš
ǹ˳ʢͷųĵԴ֮һȺҵգҪɢ֮䡣
УҲֹһλֲ֣δʹ˱촷ۣò˶ãЩΪŵıԴ֮ٴںϸ
û취ȥ赲ΪЩԴ޷ĥ
ҲˣŻᱻڴ˵ذǧ֮ãٳ޷Խ˵ء
Ȼ˴εԶͬΪжһԲԵ񡢺Ĵ

ӰΪһŵһɲǣΪǻԣһԽЩȫ޷ѡ
춯֣һµıԴ֮ǵ֮ܽΪĪ棡
ϰ׺ü٣вѡ
˵ʱĶһͷ˹ȥ˫צסһžͳȥ
ϫˣĻˣҲǰʼϷսƷ
ǹΪ磬ǱòƬ̣ͻΪһɸߵġԴ֮ǡ
Щע޷ںϣǱһ֦ҶϵһſŹʵֻܱȡᡣ
Щġ
ϫŴ֮һĹŻָġ
ҾͲˡ
ȻЦЦ̽һץͽЩȡſ뵽ڣȻϥʼ
һʱıԴȾǵ۾ͬŲٺô
ˣϫûе飬ְСҶٳʼϰһϷʣµĹš
Сʲô
ϰһ߿ܵţһ߷ɿıԴ֮
С죺Թԣļٵģ
ϰûصСһۣϻôʲôϽץʱ
ޡ
Сʱ죬ҲʼϲЩš
ҶڽϵʱһֱʹڳϫУЩ﷢һУҲûʣ˳ϫĽͺ󣬱ץסʱһű㿪ʼ
Ӱΰߴ󣬿µЩţȴֻʮ
ָ˶ġϰסСҶ֮ϫѽʣ
ϫѾˣ˴γǶģָ֮һսƷҲӦġ

ϫͬûеʱ䣬ſڣ㿪ʼȫ
¡¡
Ϊ嫣ӯŴޱȵĵԴ֮һϫڣͻΪϺȻںХ
ĩ֮ʱϫ̫žܾӵأù
񣬵ʼµıԴ֮ʱνǼ죬κοİ
һʱ֮䣬ǳϫϰǣԶУȫЩıԴԵúܰ

ʱ󣬶ĵһӴǾǵ۾˴ıԴ治٣ȴ̸
Ѿˣȴڣ̤ڵ۾۷УҪڵ;һȵ컹ѣƾʱĳ޷쵽һ
֮УҪǰѲֻŬǻԵˡᣡ
ղŻȡԴһԵȻԵúСվһֲ档
û뵽˴ܹƿ֣һǶ˴ʦ֮
Ŀһྲ޵ĳϫвп
ڴ˰ǧ꣬һֱ粽У޲ߣȴΪϫĳ֣ôȻһ˿תβп
һȥ
ϰ׾ȻǵڶѵģЩź૵ϧǲ
öĲЩ죬͸ֻˣֻΪȴи޵׶㣬ıԴ֮󣬾ûн
δҲ̫Źˡ
Ҫ֪Ѱֻͻƽˣ
㡭ĸȺ
̲סʵ
أȰ㻹ǲҪΪá
ϰб˶ԷһۣǰȻؿڵ
ĲȻȴֻֻµȷԵǰͬѰˡ
䣡
ûãһ쳹ͫ⨺СӴһȻĿĽԣµƾǱ
ȻСҲл˲ٺô
˵ĶԣֻǸûҽ۾ġ
Сü
ǽͫ⨺֮·ĥľΪľɱ䣬ҪȴǼΪѡ
ߣ֪ɣĸԲ޵߿㲻
ϰ׺ȻЦӵ츳עĽ֮·ҲȻûҵĽ֮·ȵġ
˵ϰǵ⣬꣬һìܵĸģ
СۣĵǼΪͬͫ⨺츳֮ȷ죬սˣ׺ףΨһı׶˾ǣ壬겻ӰĽ֮·
ˣȴֻҪȥԺ;ע
ȤһֻصĹһͷӵ츳Ľͫ⨺ϫǴҵֵģ
Ĳ˼
ʱ
ϫҲӴ˵ϢԱҪǿࡣ
ʵҲȷˣЩıԴ֮ΪڳڵԲزʼڿһ޵õһȹ̣ʵޱȡ
û뵽δִ֮أܻԵһ׮ջ񡣡
ŻϢı仯ϫǲһĨЦ⡣
ڶؽУʮɽҲζŻʮߵؿبǵ·ϣֻҪϵõǵ˳ȥղǰ㣬ٴλһЩıԴ
ϰЩܵµһĦȭƣ׼һģ
̫ˣ
СҲǻϲѡ
ĲݸƺȾȻҲԽжڴ
ǵҶ˵ɡ
ϫȴԵú侲Ŀ⿴һϥеҶ
ۣ
ҲڴʱҶǾȻò԰ףһ̱͵һѪ
óϫʱһǷʲô
ͣ
ʶʲô͵طһ쳹Ҷϣֻ߻һγƵĴӴ
ֻ˿ȴһµģڸղžʲôΪɲ顣
ǿгؿɲã۾ǰ򵥣ʱǿгֻԼ߻ħΣ֮
һҶղŵľٶóϫʱףԭ֮ǰҶڽ۾
Ҷ˵ͷɬлǰȣ֮ǰȷЩļˡ
ֻҪû±ãԺеǻᡣ
ϫһ԰ο
ˣȻû£Ǿ͸Ͻжɡ
ϰȲ


1800 ͭ
ûе飬һڶĵĴ£̤գ˵ڶɽ֮ǰ
䣡
ǵĵһӰؼ䣬ֱϲ񷣬֮ǰһԴ֮ġԴ֮ǡΪƣϢȴҪǿ
ڴˣϫһ׼ɶӲԷϫһԪǱ͵Ϯ
һʱ
սϫһٴλһЩԴ֮ĹţϷ֮󣬱Կʼ

һº
ϫһ˿ɽڶؽĵھɽ
Уλǵ۾䵱ӳ˼ΪҪá
ȻǳϫеĴԪǱ飬Ҳ޷ɵػһһǿɲĶ֡
ͬʱÿһ֣ҲǸԻ˲Դ֮ĹţǸǵΪ̶һҲǲϽ
ȻķȼСԱȱչؿǧµЧҪ٣
ϫڵִھɽʱΪѽֻһߣڽ׶Σ
һеı仯һ֮ѣٶǱ޵ֻ֪¸Ųɡ
ΨһϫǣϰףСȻӹл˲ٺôɾδֽס
д˱֪һ츳Ǻεȱ̬ǳܹ
ҶΪԲز»ٶĹţΪûܲ׽۾ҲǸá
ʶ׷ŵĴ㣬ǰȫղȴгһܹ۾ʱá
ͬ˲ٺôֻΪǵ۾۷ΣڳϫǣΪĽȴԵü΢С
ˣҲˣǸѰҪȽûµĳû취쵽

ϫһ˾ǣӵھɽʼĶʵʼԽԽǿ󣬾ĳǿֻм֮
ҺãԪǱ챦ʼӳҪãϼȡֵıԴöֻסܣԽԺ

º
ϫһգڵִڶؽصʮɽϣ
ֻʣһˡ
Ŀڣ͸һĨɳƣüһĨεƣ
УϺͶստʼܼס˺ȫ뵽һֱȫѹƵľУϴѹҲǸ
ܹ֣֮ܶȫǰԪǱ͡
˱ܹϼȡֵҲԷƾģöֵ˥հڶС
Ӳȥˣεúú޸һ
ϰɫصһ·ϣûʲôæȴĿս̣״̬Щ⡣
Ǿǵ۾һ·ȴǸ̫࣬ټǰУ⡣
ֻһԿڶؽѲټǰС
ϫͷҲļ󣬲ֹҪٿشһҪʱʱԪǱ飬˵δʲôգɾȴž޴ޱȵѹ
Ҳá
һϥ£ʼ
СҶϰףһ໤
ϫһҲʼ
ʱУΪҲڣڳԲ翿һжǲϱ֮ܲɷ֡
ϸλֵİæֻ»û취ִ˵ˡ
ϫͶ̽Уϰ׽סЩп
ҶСΪȻȷ޾ǵ۾ǣס֣ƾһˣӵдԪǱ飬Ҳ޷ߵһˡ
Ͼڶؽɱֲ̫һԴ֮Ķ֣Ҳһһǿ󣬾ǵ۾Ķȫѹס֪ڶؽ֮ˡ
ҲֲǰϵѰٵĻԵ޵һ飬δ˳ɹڶؽ޵߲Խ׳һ
޳ϫеĴԪǱƾλֵͣעҲ޷ִˡ
ϰ׻һתͽк˭ҲǷ˭ģǿɲضжˡ
ҶСԶЦȻ

ʮ
ϫӴ
ڳϫĵ죬Ҳǳ׻ָ״̬
ߣʼж
磬͸һĨ˵ƣֻҪһعؿǱԿ֮أ
һ仰ϫ˽Զһڴѡ
ϰ׼ˣȴЩǣĵ̫ǿѰҵĻԵһԷ̰ҪռǺʵ롣
ģƴŻٵ鱦ҲҪ޷ԸԳ
ϫƿϰеǣɿ촫οҿⶫĲ˼а֮Ӧڷ״
ϣ˰ɡ
ϰ̾˿û취ǣԹŲƲģοһϻԵ
ޱȵջ󣬿ʲô鶼ᷢġ

ϵǣǵڶؽʮɽǰһ֣ǳǿ
¶ʩչֶΣǸм֮һսͱԷһٴˣ
ǳϫܼʱͱٶ
ΨһֵҵǣԪǱڣԲϼȡ
ڳϫһ˱ܷɽ֮ԪǱһֻ㣬ڲϼȡɶԷ
óϫǶʱһͺãѲöĳֻҪȴţԺĸɶֵ
ֻһ޷ٻȡµıԴ֮ˡ
ϫѹ˲ЩֻҪܻɱ֣˳뿪ڶؽѾ㹻ˡ
ٺ٣ҲⶫˣƴĻ㵹ǿʩչ߱񹦣Ա鱦ֶƴһƴСЩϱǣҲԷһá
ٵȴĹУϰײ⴫ϫ£ϣһﲻҪʲô¹˭֣δ֪
ϫ۾δ˵ʲô

¡һԴ֮ġԴ֮ǡȻΪһƬ̳ɢʧԭء
ֻһŲȻʢޱȵӵڰա
ȣԪǱԵ쳣ҫֹۣ޸Ʊǿ˲ֹһ
һУԶǰݼȡıԴ֮͡
ϫԪǱʱԶľȻʼ仯תƣرá
ڶؽеϢʧʮɽҲ𽥱ģӰʧ
֮䣬ϫǰһҰʱͿǾѾһƬǿУ
ǾͿһĵĻ桪
һͭ׺بǿܻĲȻǳţͷųϡƾáޱȵϢƬ񷣡


1801 ۵
һͭ׺بУǳƣͷŹϲãϢԵúޱȡ
һ߹ײĶѣ֮޴
һƬžǿУϫһǰһУнԶƵطһĨ𺳡
ӹɣⶨȻǴ˵֮أ
һƬϵһֱذĴڣǰ̽ѰԵ޵ߣԶ;У˳ɹ
񣬳ϫǺ֮򣬰ǧ·򡱡֮硱ꡱǺͨȵȿ飬һٴɽؽյִڴˣڿ⴫е֮أҲǸпǧþ޷ƽ
Ƕδ뵽ԭֻǱ׷ɱѣȴײؾȻ컯֮Ūˣ֮޳д˱ɼһߡ
ڵִ˵ˡ
֪˶ãŵкȻ𶫲ĵ̾Ϣ
һϮ£ݿ꣬һȴǷ޾пɣ֮ɫ
Ϊ˳֮ڴ˰ǧ£ڿһ⣬Ҳ޷ƽ
һϻԵȻͲڴУ
ϰҲÿĿƣüɫ衣
ǵڻУһģԼУԲ֪ͨ£·ų֮ʦ
Ϊ̫츳ȴʣʱȻᾭһЩѣ޷ȹ㽫ɵ
ΪҲµϴ񾳽С
˴ܹһԵڽʱٵĽѣ
ʶڵִ֮ʱϰ֪ж༤ˡ
ǶģϰףԶһڴ˵صϻԵ־ڱصã˿̸пպȻ֮΢
У˳ĬС
ϰƳһ۶ĵӰɫҲһһ˿衣
ϫСҶҲǵһʱע⵽һ㣬жʱһݡ
ۼԵֿɵã£ĺȻǶ֣Ǻʵ롣
ձóţ˿ڣҲж
δ˵һǳϫǣǶֻ¶һ·ĺֻ¾Ҫһ̽ˣ
ڽǵѣȫڶһ֮䡣
һɲǣϫʶϰ֮ǰĵȫȷģϻԵȷܹκˡ
ν֮ĲУ֮Ĳɣ³ϫΪԶĵΪ˻ɳӲŵı飬ȴǲҲȥ
ʱƣţѳһɽţζ
ԶһӰϫ׼һ⣬ʩչ߱񹦣Ȼս⽫ԼòϵһЩ鱦ϤԱˣ
֮ƴȫǶĿɲѰ۾ɱȣǾ۷۾ˣƿصԶԶǳϫܹ⡣
СҲһͫн˸
ҶȻӣзһĨɱȻ
ԽԽŵʱ̣Ȼ͵سһתһһɨϫǡ
˿ɫƽȻ˱治оʲô
ɵϫĵĿʱȴûɽԶһĨ䡣
죬Ҫ˵Щʲô˵һʱĳĬ֮ĳЩʲô
ɾڴʱ͵ر죬ȻתĿȻһԣңңǿͭȥ
һĻԵüΪͻأԭѾ䱸µĳϫǽԶ΢΢һ
ǾͬҲע⵽һ˿䶯


֪ʱͭױȻһ糱ˮĻɬӯӯ⡣
ϢΪأӯƣ˲ƱһĨη
Ƭֻ̣˵һԨ쳹ʮأƬǿնΪ֮һ
һ˲ڳϫ˾Ŀע£һӰȻ֮ͭϣ
ϣϥ֮ͭϣһ㵭ɫǻУ˿ݡ
ϢȴԨͨڣϣӵһ׳Ŀɲơ
ԶԶȥͬĿһλϵٰ㣡
ֲ̫
˭֮صͭϣһɲӰ
˭
Ϊλ
һ̣ϫҲףΪǶĻȻ̬ȴ䣬һŲƵͭϡ
ΪǣȻһͻأֵӰöӣòȫԴ
֮ʣѲµгһջ̽ѰܹԽɱٵִڴˣ֤λԶѰ֮ɱȡ
ȻһӰڣ롢ϡִһɽޱȵζ
ȻһҪñԵԵñϿɣ
˻һƽףóϫףǰһӰǵλ
仰˵Էпܾһ־ӡ
һ뵽ˣϫһ𺳣ʵ޷¹ȥ񾹻Ŀλʱݡ
Ͽɣ
ĺȻ
ϫһʱҺ˼룬ʶѾʼȡжıһԵ
۵
һӰڡ
ʲô
׷ʡ
֮۵Ȼǳɾ͵֮
룬
һ仰ϫǶУǽԶһλ䲻֪µѿ˶ĴĿģ
ãұ۵
ĳĬƬ̣ȻǰŲһ磬˲Ϣͭϣ־ӡԶ
һƣѪһޣԴһɣһöܹñϿɣһġ

һ仰һϻԵݣ
֮ģҪľ⣡
ϰԣü٣ѡ
ϫǲνꡢѪԴľӵкεȾӹɣ޵ǰ̽ѰϻԵ
ѰꡢѪԴĶȡأ
ĺȻʵ
һ仰óϫнԶһɫЩѿڸȷⶫĹȻϣ㽫һϻԵȫռ
ǻɣ֮ǰ־ӡͻȻ֣ⶫֻѶǶˣ
Ϊʲô֣
̫ˣΪľһ˾ȡһԵ
СŭĿѣļһҰİ
Ҷһû뵽ˡ
ϫȴԵúƽ֪֪治֪ģ֮ǰȷϺǺһϻԵջʱ˼ѲԾ˱仯
ܹñ⣬δɻһС
ʱ򣬡־ӡӰѿڣҪᵽһɲô׵ġ
ΣվҪһԣ
һԵ侲ޱȣһƬᶨȻһԵ־ڱصá


1802 ֮·
۵ʼ
ͭױ淺һȦȦƵɫԣĺ͡־ӡӰ֡
ԳϫǵͣҲ۵ֻԶԶš
ɶ񣡾һռȻ
ͫ⨺С߷߲ƽ
ô죬һ汻Ƕĳɹˣǰһˣ
ҶЩ
ˣϫҲüѡ
صģԵŬȡǣδԸԳҲԵһԵ
һϰ׷ƿˣֻϫȴϰ׿˵ɣʵҲڵǡ
ҲϾһԵغϰ׵Ľ⣬£ȻҲ޷ס
еĻǱȡжǿƻһ۵
ϫﷺһĨɫ֮ǰ̬ȣѾжϳԷΪһԵϧҪԸǣ£ʲôɽ
ףôֻ»־ӡķӦ
ϰҡͷȻ˳ϫ⡣
ⶫļֱҰģ壬ͲӦָУ
ҶȻѣѵˣִܹ֮ڴˣΪϫеĴԪǱ飿
ϫҡͷô˵ܹڶؽҲ벻ְæ
ڴˣϫȷúܿδжٷߺޡ
֮ǰԣڵִ˵֮ǰԷӦò޶һ˰ռһԵ˼Ҳıǵͷ
ڴصڶؽʱƾ趫ĵܣǰɱԪǱߣӶԼһ˴صִڴˣڵȵڡ
ⶫЩ˼а֮Ѿ˾ˣֻǿϧҲδֵܵסһԵջ󣬶
ϰ̾ϢɫЩӣΪΪʳ˳ϲۡ
ǽô죿
Ҷ̲סʵ
ȡ
ϫԥֻҪ۵δʹǻлᡣ
һǶĳɹأ
Ҷ硣
Ǿ֤һԵԵ뿪ˡ
ϫĬƬ̣˵

Ҳ֪˶ãȻϫע⵽ͭĻɬȻҷ
ȻԭϥĶĺȻһȻݵɫü
Ƿʲô
ϫһݡ
ܣԲ
ȳϫӦƬؼ䶸Ȼ𶫲ĵĴгżȵľźͲʣʲôɲһ㡣
ɫ˿̸Ǿұòѣ٣һģĻһ˿ǵ۾ӵеȺͷ緶
ֹ֪һнԳɿգ
ϵҰ
һɲǼ䣬׻㣬ȻֹӲݴ͡
ԵüΪ˼飬һǵ۾ľΪѱĥµúεȼ̣ɴʱ޷һ㡣
һƺ۵ʧˣһ궼ֻ»òˡ
Сֻѡ
۵ǵ۾ƵֿסǻǵĻ
ҶȴЩǡ
صģ۵ѣַսİ첻ɲҰ첻ˣ
ϰȴܲѣš֮ʦĳƺţǿʶͨ㷨Բηκ۵
ϫˣһ
ˣҵȷˡ
ԶȻ𶫲ĵ̾ϢƴһĨȻ˶еһᣬɫ±ƽ
ۣ
ϫǽԶǣһ̣ľǽԼ˺Ѫ졣
ȴƻȻʹɫƽӿ̰ɱģĥ֮ҵԴ˱Ϊģպٷ˽䣬̣֮
ϣ͸һ֣ϵƴ֮ؼ䡣
λѣ֮ǰδնħϣ˱۱ǸĴۡ
˵ʱĿȻңңϫǣ¶һ˿ΣΪԼ֮ǰΪڣ
ϫ˽Զһ𣬴ѡ
ȥǣ޴˾ٶע޷õ꣬ȥɣ
־ӡӰڣһӣһӲӵ֮ӰٿȻڿնһ˲Ϣӿ뵽˶ڣ
ȻǱȻһɣ
ⲻֹϫǸе⣬ԼҲδ뵽΢΢һ֮Ȼ¶һĨ֮ɫֵл
˵գӰһ뿪ͭףֱϥǿУʼĿһС
ߣû뵽һﾹø
ϰһ
ĽԣҲһ׮
ϫ˼
ô˵Ǵԭˣ
СأԷȻ
ѾˣѵŲ£ϫ̾˿Ժֽ֮ޱãԹᡣ
ϫ¶ĲǸҲκβöԷµĽѶ֮ĶԹ˶ϡ
ˣţȥǼһһ۵
ϰڿնЩȲسͭס
֮ʣ֮٣û뵽ϾȻĴͨ򷨵ˡܹͨ飬һöԵС
һۿϰԴ֮һ˿ȵζ
Ǳ㿪ʼɣ
ϰ׺ֵ
Ը
һӣһɻɬĲ¸֮ͭϣϰ׵ӰȫڱΡ
ˣϫ˶ʱ̸ֹͣĿˢˢ˹ȥ

һʱ
ԶͭϺȻϰ׼Ľ֮޾֮ȼ磬򷨣ռ̨֮ΪŶ٣֮䣬޷ⲻɲٰ֮ˣ
ɲ֮٣٣Ī⣬ݲ֮ȼ֮޷׵ġ
ƽش
Ц֮ͨ£򷨣Ҳ֮£
ϰԵЩꡣ
Ϊ֪򷨣ȴǵδȽѣʶ֪֮£޷̸ֽˡ
һһ٣͸һֱĵ
һ仰ʱϰ׻һ
ϫ˼˽ԶȻһû뵽ϰײںͶԷ۵̽һЩɬԴȵ֮أ
ȷҲǵҲδѣһһС
֮ϰɳƿڣдһ˿Ȼ
֮·ɲߡ
һ仰ֵҪѾˣ߰ɡ
л
ϰһȴǺؿ˵գչ𣬴ͭϷ˻
ô
ϫæʵ
ãɹˡ
ϰײδ¶ٸˣشһתƻϫҲϽжĪҪһԵ
ˣϫҲٶʣ˵ͷԸСҶ½ȥһλ۵
ôȥ
ϰȻ˳ϫһۡ
ٵȵȡ
ϫڵĿȴ֮ͭϣɫƽϰҲһЩʲô
ϰ׽סʵǵ۵ʧܣ
ϫҡͷ۵ҶԲҪ¾ǺһԵʧ֮ҲҪ
˶٣һֻ֪ȴڣ꾿ģ
ϰ׵ʱһ


1803 ֮
һ
С۵һѪ
ϫѯףС۵Ͷġϰ׽Բͬս
ֱԼ
ִͭʱһصĿռ䣬һռźСһģһĶ֣Ǿġࡱ
ԳϫǶԣʱŽֻȥһ㣬ɶԺ͡ࡱսСԣȴȥǰ
Ϊһս̫ңСҪսʤԼġҡͬҪһԼһ㡣
һһÿһͷսӳڡ֡ϣԽҪ֣ܶԽ޷쵽
ֱսҡ֮Уսʤˡ֡ҲսʤԼġҡ
һսϫԸоСľΪһĥºԺоĪ洦
СûãҶҲ̷أͬһԴ۵ɹˡ
ҶԣʼնδһֻϥǣһΣˣһ۵ˡ
ھʲôΣԼҲ벻ԵùŹ֮
ӹɣһжǡֶΣȻһԴҶ֤ҶѾϿɡ
ˣĻһ꣬ϰ׻һöģСһѪҶһԴ
һϻԵƺѾ׹Ϸ֣ٺͳϫûһϵ
ϫΪΪУҪĻԵЩԶͬ

ûгɣϫһͭϡ
һִ͸ܵһͭ׵ĲͬϣһƬУȥǝϣƵ⣬Ե֮
ϫ֮䶼һֻعԴо
һ־ӡӰϥһ̣ϫҲڿ˶Էݡ
񳣬뷢ֳҰ֮ɫһͨԨŻܹ˵궼û
Ϳһλڻеһλ˲֪µˣ£һаƶ޷ӿķۡ
ڳϫʱ򣬺ҲڴһޱȵﾡĻ۹⡣
ãſڵ֮Ī⣬ǸȤСһ
˶٣Ȼ̾Ϣ߰ɣĵ;ֻԼߣ֮ԵҲϤͳκζɴڸ㡣
ԣϫɫƽƲ⣬ϥš˵ǰѿҵˣʵ˴ǰǲʲôԵ
Ŷ
ǳһĨζĻȣҪӱʲô
ֻ֪ǰġ
ϫ̹Ȼ˶Ѱٳɹһλʧܵľֵӡ
˻һλʱɫڣ˸ޱȵĹ
ӳϫãȻЦ͸һĨ룬һĨƸп˸УԵø֮
û뵽һڵСһʼı֮·ˣǻˣ֮ԱǣһøԶ㡭Ȼͬ
κ󣬡ڣΪǺͼߣܹǵһҲ֮С
ϫЦЦŶԷҲϡ
ǵãͼǡ֮³ç֮ڰɽ֮ˣ㡭űǺͼھ߰ɣ
Ȥֻһ־ӡӵǻ̸ֹۣƺͻ졣
óϫЩݣΪҲǵһ֪ԭ֮ǰĵκͼߣǡ֮³
֣ǴδŹ

κ󣬳ϫ˵ͷ
ֲãǵһǰ۵˵ԥһлԵ㣬ϧƫƫ컯Ūˡ
ЩźҡҡͷҲӵ˺ͼУԿϱ֮οվ֮µһʧߣʧ֮˵Ķ̸ж౦ˡ
һǷóϫЩȻκſЦǰЩԷƱˣ֮һǰֻΪԶͬˣκε֮ġ
Цһ֮ͬΨȴҪһ֣ƾһ㣬Ը
˵⣬Ȼһתɫׯ࿴ųϫСһ֮ǰһ䣬ο
ϫһԼ֪
һʱ֮䣬ϫĬò˵Ǹ޷
Щʧ
Ҫʱϫ˵ҿгһգҵ;Ǳ֮ˣֻҪվҪܣɾ֮;
һֱǱ޵ǳһĿﲻɣֱǴ治
ǿ϶Ī⣡
˭˸ΪУܣ
Լ֮;֮ϣԵÿޱȣκ޵߶ԣ˺ԣؽǴ
ʱϫ֮ͬóĬɫò޷ƽ
͵Ц͸һĨƷζ
û뵽û뵽£һΪֱ̤֮Ҳδͨ£ȴһСһˣֲñٶѣֲð
ϫˣУԼ²⵽һЩʲô
֮ǰԣʵ뷨δʲôѰǾԲ˵ģĻǱɥĲķӲɡ
ȻΪһˡĹ
ܹ˵㣬վǿԽѣźˡ
ȻƣһͷҰ׳裬ɢһȻѵζ
СһΪǶ޷ŵԭģⲢҪֻҪִһգ԰쵽޷ﵽһ
˵ʱһӣ¡һµһͭȻһ
һ˲بеͭȻʢޱȵԣڶ̶һ˲䣬СվǻΪһͭƵĶ뵽ˡС
ҪĶУ֮ʱԽ򿪣ҪĶ
΢΢һЦһöƵͭײĸյݸ˳ϫ
лǰ͡
ϫæӹ
ȥɣ֮ʣܹüȤһСһԺЦȪˡ
쳤Цѡ
ӰǻΪһƹ꣬Ʈɢܿʧ
ǰء
ϫٴι֣ӴԺѰٲһ˿ټˡ
ĶҲǾϰסСҶˣԶĿ¶֮ɫΪλᷢȱˡ


1804 ·ɱ
һЦȻţʧؼ䡣
һߺبͭײģΪһöƵС뵽˳ϫС
Ȳ˻õꡢġѪԴĪ棬ȴйʧʱµľ飡
϶ԣԵø󣬿ǿ
ϫִ֮һ죬ƾ˻ľ飬Լ֮·ʧ֮·
ɹˣ
ųϫأϰסСҶסʶѯղŷһУҲ˼𺳡
ϫ˵ͷδԴ˶˵ʲô
䣡
Ǽ̸ƬȻҲбļ
ãʧȥˡ־ӡƬҪ׸ˣߣ
ϰһ
¡¡
ϰδʱܹԶֽһ㣬һƬƬը顢٣Ϊ񱩵ʱպڶɢӡ
ǵȳֱĩմٱһ㡣
һж̫죬ϫǽԶ͵ؾʶҪ·ɶݶȥ
һҶ󣬿ǰȻ뿪
Ȼ֮䣬ԭڴ޵Ķϫǿ˵ɫºͶƽ
ˡ
ϫҲֱӾܾɲٺͶκһ˿Ĺϸˡ
ৡ
˵ʱϫӰһͷҲصشϰǷɿ뿪ܿʧ
Ǹǿˡ
ųϫ뿪ɫӣ֮ǰΪԼһ֮ѳϫʧء
ΣվҪֲһЩġ
̾˿ûгɣӰһҲƮȻ뿪

䣡䣡䣡
һһɲı쳹ؼ䣬ĩѽ٣ر١
һһ˵ز֪µɽʹ̮
һǺͨҲ֮
ȴĿɲУϫȫٷɶݣûκһ˿ĳɡ
ҺãΪ־ӡԵʣһ·ϲδκε谭
һ·ϣǡꡱиǵѱ촷ۣʧؼ䡣
ǡ֮硱ҲڣΪһƬſն֮ء
ϫǷʱѰٲһ˿ڵһ˿ټ
һжš־ӡʧʧˡ
ϫǹ˲øпҲпΪƬ綼ڳ֮УǱУʵˡ

ϫǻǵ͹һĿɲ
ǳɹ뿪ԭ·ʱͷһ·ǳʯߡһеһжڱ
ǵȳֱǾףκĺ
룬һƬϵͺƴӵв֪ǿգ񣬾һֱĹУ
ɶУͺĿһһԼֱһ㣬һĵĳ
ҡ
ǳ䡣
ʱ
ػΪޣ
һϵĻϢһֲ˼ٶɢš
;ֻһƬźޣ

ϵԵش
̫Ͻڴ˵Ⱥá
ڵȴһϢ̩۾һ˳ɹɱ˳ϫּɡ
̩۾һʧܣԻڴ˸ϫһ
ϧǰЩ죬Ѿȷ̩۾һʧˣ̩۾һˣЩϵǿȫ
ԵΪģ̫ϽǽԶδ뵽һֽ
䵱Ŀ̩۾ɫشҴ뿪ʱǸǲһ˿ס
ϵʲô
ֻǶԸһڵ˶ѣ̩۾۽˶
񽫲²ҲƲⲻľȴѾ仯ñΪأٲκ֮ġ
һ죬һɻʼϵɢʱҲǳ׾λ̫Ͻ̵񽫡
Ǵļò˶ãϵᱻĨȥ
ʲô
֮ȷϳϫСǷС
ȷϣٲ뿪һֻ»Შϣ
λ齫ɫѿ۷׷ס
Ǵ˴γԭΪҶıѣ̫Ͻ̾޷̵ġ
ǲŷ֣ҶıѾǺͳϫйأʶŰìͷָ˳ϫΪֻҪסϫѰٳҶ䡣
ǻŶ䱦ͭǮߺͼƬע⡣
ȴû뵽һ׷ɱķôʱ䣬û뵽ƾᷢչһ
䵱ȷϣһƬϵò˶þͻ᳹ױʱʱһֲ
ô죿
һ̣Ҳԥˡ
ţ쿴Сӣ
أ欽ĵĻ齫һϲ
˳ĿȥͿǼԶǿУһȫŲƶΪ׵һϮ忡Ȼǳϫ
ȻŻˡ
ǺǣҪˡ
׼һȫɱӣǧӵˣ
ɱڿڣﾡɱ

һɲǣϫҲͬ񽫵Ĵڣ΢΢Щ⡣
ΪڳϫУһ·Ѵ´⵽̩۾Ȼʹ˸ȥȴû뵽һأû̩۾һȺˡ
ǵģغڴá
̫Ͻ񽫣ôǣ
ҶɫȻһ¶һĨأһɲҲʶΪԼıѣ̫Ͻж
̫ϽȻΪɱԼͽ
񽫣
ϫ۾ͷһ˵˵š
ǵбԴе壬̫ϽؽУָУֻһǵ۾Ϊ֣սɱ۾ǿߣ
Ҷɿ촫й񽫵һһһ֮ϫǡ
λһǵ۾Щ鷳ˡ
ϰЩأе忴ÿֻһǵ۾ΪͬУ˴ڣһԱԶˡ
Ҫ뿪ֻȶԸˣȻˣǱ׼ְɣ
ϫԨ
Ϊͻƽ񾳺ڣʩչ߱սԱ鱦ֶȥԵУҲηԷˡ
ֻĴЩذˡ
ǿɺޣһ·ϴ׷ɱοһҪɱʹ죡
Сҧͷųһ챩սϢ
䣡
ȻϫϵǣжԶĲϣؽһƬȻĿɫϼ⣬ڷڣݺݳɱȥ
һĻ̫ͻأֹϫû뵽̫ϽҲû뵽ᷢȱʣɫʱһ䡣
ã

Ϣ̫ɲһǵ۾ˣ
ô
Ŀѣŭ𣬻ͷųֳʢԣƴȫΪһȥ
һɲǣϫҲڿ֮ˣǶģ


1805 ô
䣡
ɫϼ֮Ļɱ£Բڵǳʱȫ촷ۣɲ
һ۷۾ĹѰɱȣ
̫Ͻ¶ȫܣһĸ֮£ҲشһɽѹݺɳȥڱѪʹвѡ
һĻԵΪģλ۾ȴǸ޷ֵסĵһ
ϫĿһĻʱҲ𺳣һǵ۾;ǵ۾֮Ĳ࣬һӥһ粻һϣ˴ʵ̫⡣
ӣ
ŭ쳹һܴ죬̫Ͻ齫־ŭʱʶΣգĻٶʶͲ̶ֻӡ
ˣȴδ׷죬ǰĿϫǣڣû˻ǡ
ƽº͡
Ǻǣǿû֡
ϰЦɲˡ
ЦЦɫƻȻ⡣
߰ɡ
ϫһ۶ģȴ̾˿תϰ뿪
ʵһ̬Ȼ㲻Ϊһǵ۾Ϊﲻһۣһһ·͵ɺܺ
ϰ˼ĪǣһǵǴʦ鷳
Ҳ֪
ϫȻѾͶĻֽޣ¶ԷղųְԼһΣѣҲ޷ı⡣
ֻǿϧһﾹ̫ϽߣæĿЩص
ϰƲ
Ǽɵ̫ϽҲ˵
Ҷһ䡣
ϫüЩ̽йضĵ顣
⣬ڴʱԶԶĵ
λѣ̫ѰˣǻִԲ򣿡Į͸һ˵ơ
ϫ˶ʱһ仰Ȼ˵ġ
תͷȥϫǾȻ֣֪ʱһѳԼ󷽣Ϊ׵ĺȻ̩۾
ϸȥ£߰˸һ˸ţӵи֮磬Ȼһ۾
ȻЩ۾ڽԶ̩۾Ԯ֡
ϫǰһǣĲ֪ʱѵ̩۾һ֮ǰ
֮Ƕģϫֻ̩ܵ۾һ˵͵Ϯˣ
ĿһĻϫҲףΪζĲȥ׷ɱ̫ϽˣԭѲ̩۾һ˵Ĵڣ
ǿߣЩһͽˣȷɽʺá
ĵԶԶ
һ仰ϫԶЩӡ
ⶫ֮ĹϵͲ˽Ӳɣ
һ£²нҲòǷһˡ
ϫһ̾Ȼлһʺתʦֵġ
˵գٳɣϰʩչŲ֮ȫٶȥ

¡¡
һɲޱȵսײһſǳȻ飬һƬܵɢһƬ֮С
ڵ۾֮Ľ棬ףǬݿ
ֹˣһƬϵһֲϻ״̬Уһԭͼޱȵս
ϫһԶԶȥһսһʤĻ
ǽԶף֮ǰ֮ʱĶԴǵ̬ٲѾжǣҲĴ۳Ĵ
飬Ҳˡ
ʵϸһһеֻһɡ
ƻʵ˫ڵʱδõƣɵĺԲˡ
ʶϫȻѡ˺ͶĻֽޡ
أΪ˸һֻ첲ǸһжȥϫһˣģѲغͳϫǵĹϵľϵһԲ
ʱ
ϫһ뿪һƬϵһ·Ϸƽ˾δκβ
ǽԶеɲ١
Ϊ˱ڽ·;ٷ⣬ϫϰסСҶУòԽڱϢ
һУżһұϥϣʼǿдɶݡ
뿪̫ʱʦѩһݼͨɽͼ򽻸ϫõǰʱʧ˷
ճϫ㣬뿪ϵ֮뻹Ҫµʱ䣬ִ֮ܵС
ֻϣڽ·;УٲҪʲô

ಣ
ǿУʱգϳǰɶݡ
УϫԱĿǱޡ
һǰ׷ɱ֮󣬳ϫΪҲǵõһߣڣڳԲ翿
һУԶڶ̶̼µʱ䣬ǽ٣úݡ
Ͼ񾳴ҪΪϸһͼޱȣѷʱĻֲܹ
ǻԵˣһãһ޵ߵʵ̥ǵı仯
Ϊε޵Ϊһ翵ĻԵҲԸðżȥԭڴˡ
ϰסСҶֱµġѪԴǽԵĻԵ֮ΪƱҲᷢ˵ɱ䣬ӹɵġ
ʱϫսȷҲѺͬն
Ϊϣھ硣
ڵΪϣѴﵽԭʼľڶ֮زӤ꣬Էӳʶ֮ȫܣ
ϣϫҲѴСɵزɱ䣬ɵز
ϳϫǵۻʼǱʣĳϫ߳ƣѹͬˣ
Ȼʩչ߱ƴĻϫҺѰһǵ۾һ
Ҷϵġ϶ɵ۾һλһǵ۾ȴǱϫСɱ
սǴϹ򣬿֪εһ䶯
֮ĳϫڷӳһۻʼƣԲͷųڵۻʼǱʱԿԹڸȺۣͬκˣ
ʱֻ֮ǰٵĴҲֻȻʧɫ޷ϫԱȡ
ǻõۻʼνۻʣǶһ޶ڸ֮⣡
ϫ˶ˣһ׷ɱ֮УĶ̫ǿٶǵ۾ڣǿǺ͵۾һȣԵЩˡ
ʶϫʵκһǿڱһһ۾׷ɱֻ֮¶ӵкͳϫһľˡ
֮ȡץʱΪԲ磬ֻҪִ˵زȥѰλԵġŵءһ磬Ϊۻʾ׼
Уϫһ߾ޣһĬĬݳﻮ
һۣʱȥ졣
һ죬ϫзһ˿Ȼ
ڴʱһȻڱ𡪡
ѣðˣ󱦴һˣ³֮󣬻һʱΪлһ
͸һ˿ȳϫӦһӰһĨƵĴ뱦УٿȻ˴ա
óϫüͷһ壬иһ˿ȻⱦʲôҲܲƣӰܹ㴳ʵЩˡ
ϫ˵ģʱ΢΢һô


1806 ϲԩ
һϮ£ͦ㣬ںڳ磬Ө𪣬沿Ƿ縫䵶̰㣬Ӣ֮
һųҹһ־סԶȻζ
޶پƣƽƽ򵥵³ӯһɴζ
ϫǵöԷӡ󻹺̣űУϫһ̯λϿһʯȴתӡ
ϫȴδ뵽ʱǿٴԷ
ҿģΪЩǱڶʲô
ϵң
ע⵽ϫɫı仯΢΢һһȻһƬİɫһƬҹӳ֡
ĿȻһЦԭ㣡δ갡ѴҴһ˭뾹ڴ˿ı棬֮»ԡ
ϫһݣǸòԽƵڱ˻Ϣ˭룬Էһ۾Ϳݣ
ǰɴδ顣
ȻԷȻĳطԿһαװ
ȷɡ
ϫָܿ侲Ȼ˵ͷȻڱ׷ɱ
ӶʱȥЦݣ̾Ϣ̸׷ɱֻһڿղҰˣҲߣҲߣֱ겻ɢʵͷۡ
ϫû൱Է˵һˡ
ȴҵ߶󣬳ϫɧ˵νлŮǽһԸôǷﵹã䳤µĻԼΪɣһֱҪҳףⱲӸͲװƫƫҲһζҪлԼֱֱǸķӣ
ϫʱȻǻԼΣǰһƺѱƵĿʼӻˡ
Ϊ˺ҳףŮ˾Ȼһ·׷ҼˣһĿĲݵģֱˡ
Խ˵ԽջоΡ
Ȼ󡭡
ϫ̲ס
ȻҾֻˣû취Ҽ˶ͬٲӣ췹ɡ
ʼ磬һޱȵӡ
˵⣬ȻüëһƲʲôɫʱҧ׷ˣѣɵðң׷͵ʲôҲ֪ãӹ˴˽٣һúġ
ټ죬ǲ˵ʱӰһ˾ǻΪһҹɫĹٿȻƾʧ
һɲǣϫ޷֪ԷĴڣͺϵټϢȫĨƾһ㡣
ǱٵķţʵƵǾˣ
Һãһ˲ϫĽƾͲ׽һĿյλãһ˿ԲĻɬȻúˡ
óϫһһҪԼĻ벻ڱǱٵķŴһֲˡ
Ȼһζ޵ƮڿУꡣ
ϫʱһݡ
Ҳڴʱһͳӱ⴫
λѣһӴӴ˾
һԼ޳Ӱ̤ϣֱ˴Уʼոδϫͬ⣬㲻
óϫü̧ȥȴŮӴһƮݵϢɫȹƮ裬ҪѶȥû֮ϡ
ռΪ˿٣ӣü续Ⱦһ˿ָ̻Ǵˣ绪һ־ޱȵ
ϫòϣŮ˺һֶضȻʣһ˿֮ġ
ܿ죬ϫ۾ע⵽Ů˾Ͷ¶Ϣɲ⣬ɬǿ֮
ϫȷԷΪΪ۾ܹӵǿϢҲһλ˲õľ
ʵ֮ǰǺӣǰӵо绪ŮӣԶӵŸ֮ˣϫǿߺһȣȫͲһεĴڡ
ݵĳĬ󣬳ϫȻһЦЩò
ǲ
ǰŮƥϲһӣ׸ϫһ
ϫһھװʮ񾧣ɾһʲСĲƸˣԹһнƷ񱦣
ֻΪһĲԵŮ˵̲ˡ
ϫŮ֮ǲƴ֣úԼ͵Ǹˡ
һ룬ЦˣָһգȻ˵ҺܲӭĿˣԳڣδϽߣߵԽԶԽá
˻һǰŮӲ΢΢һоͷһĨ󣬰̧
ˡ
һƲȻɫ绡֯ҫ۶Ŀָ䣬ٿȻϫָλúݺݰȥ
һ赭дȴһ־޵֮ˣɵϫҲһС
ಡ
ǰŮӳ֮ǰһҹɫӰٿȻƾո֣֮ǰһ˴ա
ϫһЩ񾧾Ͱˣñ̫ʧˣ
⴫ǺԴܻ
һȻϵԼ
ϫһݣЦ˼ڱ׷飬ڱ׷ɱⲨǣҲֻˡ
㡭׷ɱ
Щ
ҹʱ㻹˼˵飿һΣҵҪ㻹ܶ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ȳϫشǰŮӱӰһһĨƵģ⡣
ѩ裡ֱǸۣƻģɶʵǿɶ񣡡
ĸ֮ý֮ԣǸˣ͸һȥ
Цǲ˻˵㣿
ҿӱһһ̣䲻֡
㡭
ҵִǿҰսԵúܻҡ
ϫ߳ʱͿһһŮǿ׷սٲȻһаģóϫһࡣ
ֲãԭһҹ
ϫ˼ҹλз֮һĸ콾ҹϺᣬٲȻͬһһˣ
Щűʱϫţҹһλһ֮һٿ֮ڽʱ˺ޱȵһʱ֮ΪϹֵĻ⡣
ֻǳϫû뵽ҹԼǰӻĺӣвЩĸо
ǸѩŮӣȴǲδŹǿܹҹ׷׷ǱĵزȻҲһλΪ˲õĴڡ
ܲˣ
أԶǿսҹһޱȵĴУ͵һͳԶӶݶȥ
ϫò˶ãɡ弫۵ȾͽĻⱰɵļһǧ𲻲μӣһҪסӿǺ֮ǰһսˣϣñʧ
ԶԶóϫһɵ弫۵ȣ
Ȼ˼Щ飬ʵɶлͱһˣ
ѩ׷ԶԶȥҹʧããǿС


1807 ֮ɽ
һ֮䣬ҹѩʧ
ϫڱ֮ϣĿһзĻЩȻ˭λµĵҹϺᣬᱻһŮ׷׷֮Ǳ᣿
ܿ죬ϫҡҡͷشա
żȻˣδʲôҹǰһϯϫһ˿档
۵ȣ
һʢ᣿
ν弫ŵϵĵͳֱɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺ
һٰ۵ʢᣬǿǰ֮ʢϹ޵ߵĹע
ǣ߱һ۵ȵĿʲô
أϫȻ̫ʱλ̸һ
ʱԣҪڽ۾֮ΪһͱӵС֮
ϹУΨĪġŵءܿٳµ硣
ŵءܱǣǵڣҲԴС
񵱳ġΪ󴳡ŵء
λ˵ʱ£ǡŵءܸǵĽѿʼ˥⣬ò˶꣬ƾһͨС
ͬҲԣɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̣ǵԴԺκһ֣Ƕ޷쵽һġ
Ʋ⣬ʱֻ巽һֿһͨŵص·
ǻ֪óϫȻʶһɡ弫һٰ۵ȣĿĸòΪ١ŵءͨ׼ɣ
⻹пܣ
Ͼճϫ֪ɽ̫Ͻ֮ˮݵĵжԹϵܹʱǰӣЯֺٰһ۵ȣȻĳϴ˹ʶ
˵ܹ֮һȻΪ˰쵽ͬһ£
Ȼִͨŵءͨ£֮󣬵ȷʱһˡ
ܿ죬ϫͲٶ룬Ʋǰ㣬ֻҪȻִɽʦʦԻ֪ͨԼһ۵ȡ
ಣ
ǰУܿʧããǿС

ʮ
ϫͷĿԶҰиֳһΪĵĻ档
ǳƣΪһƬ嫳ʢǺӣڽС
ÿһǳʵʵԣ𣬻ε纣ʤѩīɫͷףӳεΪ׳ۡ
Ǵ֮嫡Ի籾ԴУһƬǿյÿһռ䣬ͷųһĹϲɣϡ
ԶԶȥһƬoȣ񣬲·֮ʴبŶ棬ġ

˼ϫһʱжϳһƬǿգǵ֮ڣ
Ϲӵǧ򾳣ģλϹŦ֮صĵ
һƬبų棬ΪϣУ֪ٸžֹ֪֮ٸɸĴ뢡
̾һһޱȵĵͳǵ֮ǰӵȨ
Ϲ޵еʥأÿһŲ֪ٵ޵ǰʥ
ں֮ǰϫţһ򣬱ǧзֲĹϵͳ
ܹƵǶģֻͬһСֶѣҹϡϡұϡϵȵȡ
ڡ鱦ۡϼɽ컯칬ЩµԳƵǹϵͳ
ڶϵͳ֮ϣԳƵϵͳģɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺֱ弫
ӵ˶̿ɲȨĴ̾һУ֪ε֮ȻͲˡ
񣬳ϫһ׷ɱǿҹʻʮ죬ڵִ֮ԵĿһİǿջ棬һʱҲǾþ޷ƽ
ǵ
ϫڽ̤һƬ˵е֮

ãϫųһǻָ侲
óʦٴȷһ·㼴߶ʱգԶĵɶݶȥ
磬ϹУɽڵһֱԵüΪأڡ
ʵֹɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̵֮̾أҲ
ϫɽ״ӣ˴ʦѩֻҲ㲻ɽڵе֮̾ؾˡ
񣬳ϫȴѲΪš
ΪʦѩУѽŵ·߱ע
ϫµĿȵִǵİǧ֮һġ޼У
ֻҪִƾ򣬱Կٳһʱֱӵִɽڵء
Խǿ򣬳ϫԽǿҸܵһƬǿǵ֮Ϊϣʵһ㣬ÿһռ䡣
ҲؼӯĴ֮Ե쳣ͳ棬Уؽ񾧣ɵԴ
ֲ˽Զ޵ʥأؼӯܹȡ
ϫипЩҲطǰĵһȣʱ˳
һ·ϣϫҶٻ˳
ҶҶϣǰ̫ϽеһϣеΪϤһ··ȳϫȥҪǿ̫ˡ
޼ǵطЩңԶ
ҶŴ˴εĿĵ޼üһֱ·Ҫִ޼ҲҪһµʱ䡣
һô
ϫ룬û£ֻҪ·ϲá
Ҷ˵ͷʲô̾Ϣϧ޷壬ȫԽٵġ󡯣һ֮ڱԵִ޼
󣿡
ϫ˼ܺô
ȷܺͨ˷Ӱǧ֮䣬֪ҲֻЩ̹ޱȵĶзӵС
Ҷ͵˵ʱȻûע⵽ߵĳϫɫ͵΢΢һ䣬ӻȻһ༫ԶǿС
ǡ
ϫӰһ˿أҰУֳһɽӳǿңɼ͸һϵϢԶԶһͽסһĨ¾η
ҶһĿȥǽޱȵİҲ¶һ˿ľη֮ɫ
ǱǷ֮ɽϹ֮Ѵڣŷ̨з֮УϹԶС
Ҷ͸һ˿ζ
ԹһϣҲֻеڷ̤ϣȥķ֮أѰˣǶ޷һġ
֮ɽ
֮֮أ
ϫкݺһԭžȻһ˿
֮ǰʶһֱڳŵĺͼƬȻһ˿͵ֿĳףԭһоԶԶǿһϵɽ


1808 
֮ʱϫ̨̤ںͼƬİ£췣֮ۡɱĿõ˷֮ݡ
ϧȴǾһƳ
ϫڽ񾳽ʱ콵󣬷֮Уͬһ˲䣬ͱͼƬĨɱ
ʱϹ֮ϵУҲѰٲϫ֡
ֱʱִ򣬿Զңɼġ֮ɽͼƬҲٴβһ˿¶һĨǿҵͳ
ϫҶ˵ûǷ֮Ȼڷ֮ɽϣͼƬȻˡ
ֻһ뵽Ƿ֮ɽȻڵ֮ǰѴʱϫһʱЩ
ζʲô
ζԹ񣬷֮һֱϹδ
£ͼƬȴǷ֮һ֡жԡóϫ鲻ЩĪĳء
ʲô
ϫþòԣҶɻ
ûʲôֻ룬Ƿ֮ɽֻеڷ̤ϣʵЩ˼ˡ
ϫ˵һ䡣
ǰнУ֮ɽͬϵ㣬ηֻҪܲϴڵķ֮أرȼ磬ΪĥڣǼ٣ͲұܹȥԴȵˡ
Ҷпзһ˿η֮ɫϧ֮˭һҲȻԵϷ֮ɽġ
رȼ磬
ϫȻ˵һϯ
ʲô
ټҲ
٣Ҳࡣ
Ǵ㣬ҳ档
⣬޵׷ռĿ꣡
Ҳζţ㣬ζĲ಻𣬾ͺñ쾳ǿߣӵ޾ͷԪȴͬ٣ᱻɱɵ
ǵȾǿУ֮Уһ㡢ࡢκεĽѡɱ¾ֻ޷ĥ
˿ҶĻȴϫһǷ֮ɽϴڵġ֮ءǷνġС
гһգ̤֮ҲҪȥǷ֮ɽϿһǷսˡ
κ󣬳ϫһԺٺ˼룬ʻűԶɶݶȥ
ҶҲջ֮ɽĿ⣬˼ָԶһƬǿ˵ǰ߾λӵԵشƬ󶥼̾ᣬֱ塢Ϻϡ
˶٣ӵкǧģȴֻһңֻǿϧҶϺϲκνʱԽһϵĴ󡭡
˵꣬ϫ¶һĨɫϣȻڵ壿
ҲϵȻ
ҶԴȻƵģԴҲԣŮ츳УòǣԶ£ڵӵİĽ׷ߣŹҲ֮С
ϫЦЦҲֹϵǻѡ
ҶһסˣЩ޷󣬳ϫδ͵ϵ֮ŮΪѡ
Ц⵹ǸᣬȻд˹ϵǵǿȥһϵĴ󡣡
ϫͷҲôġ
£ûгɣҶָ£ʱ󣬱ִܿһΪϡ
ǣǵ򶥼֮̾أҲǺպ
㡭Ľ龿ж
һ·ҶһֱڳĬ˿ȴ̲ס˳һϫȻ鷺ͻأȥһһӻǿɾˡ
ðɣһ𴳵çŻ档
ϫȴΪ⣬˵겻ȴԼȥѰæȻ鶨Ȼܾˡ
Ǿͺá
Ҷ룬ûǱ̫ϣȻվ峤Ȩޣ첻ҲĪҪźá
ϫЦѵҲԡ
˵ţȻʶʲô㲻һȥ
Ҷʼ磬޵ϷһĨΣȥˣ͵ڱ¶ټҪֹ֪̫ϽͽҶֻ¶ݲˡ
󣬲Щ
ģĵзݲ㣬ɽһԡ
ϫļʾο
Ҷһůӳϫãûж˵ʲô

ۺɽ
ɽռʮ﷽ԲǹһָĶ츣ءֻɽӲٳһֺǳأۺǡ
̾ڴ˳С
һ󣬳ϫһ˵ִڴˣʱһϮ£ͨѰֱˡ
û취ܿҶϡϡ̫Ͻ̵׷ɱΪԱʱǲ˱¶ݡ
οçŻɱũұܷ򡢵Կġλ𣬵ǳ׵Ǳ
ΪȻĹϵϱȻҲ֪ϫĴڣ£ϫɲðȻʵʾˡ
ۺɽУ޽ûֺţ磬ǳǽһֺѩɣɢԣʥޱȣһֲɺΡС
ϫһ۾Ϳ˳˷޲һؽУͨأܻһɡ˺һȻ˻ڴˣǷ
һ㣬ԳһĵǺˡ
ȥȻһ˵йã
ڹۺ⣬ϫһ龫СɵƵݸһڳǰʹӡ
Եȡ
ʹӲκӣƱҴ뿪ȥ¡
ô˻ᣬϫ⣬ܹϵĴ뿪ôһʱ䣬ֻ¾Եִ޼ˣ޼ѸɽҲûʲô
һ뵽⣬ϫҲڴôȥʦʦǶ
ÿ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣͻȻ֮䣬һɿɲΰһХϢڳϫߣȻһ±ȲٿֶΣֱ¯ࡣ
ߣ
ϫһУɫӿһĨеͰһԱʽ
һɲҲڿֵһ׳ǸմԶŲʱն
ǿ׳֮󣬻һ޴ͭսѹʱգ¡¡ɳ۶
ˣÿ
ϫȻԼһǿ׳΢΢Щ⣬ҲΪɱϫѳϫŪһȥΪͭս·
ϫüЩ׳һ۷εĴڣ֪˺εȹϢԨ֮ԶԶţͺһɽ㣬ʱᱬ
ǿҲ֪Ǻηʥȴֻǳ䵱һͭսĿ·ߣʵЩˡ
ɴҲжϳһͭսݶȻҲޱȲŶԣԼԦ˿׳Ϊ俪


1809 Ժʹ
ۼϫҪͶԷִǹۺǴǰʱһ޵ߣϫһߡ
ѻ뺣ԺӡӹĽݣﲻá
˵ڣһѣһ־档
Ժ
ϫ۾Ҳǿ׳Ϊһ޴ͭս
ͣ
ͭսʻŵʱսдһĮ

ǿ׳ͷֱ̽óһ鴢ﱦңһ졣
лӡ
칰ֳ̬ȵҲԡ
ֱĿͭս뿪ϫŵԺӺôͷ
ŲǹĽͷɲ򵥣䱾ǵ츳Ȼ˫ǧİ꣬λз֮񾳵ʮ¡
ҲֳڣǰԺƸΪӡӣ⣬۾ʱֱӳΪԺеһλͳϣӵȨͳߵλ
ǻԴпڣҲϫЩ汾µģĽһӣԺպġִ¡֮һɱսǿ
ϫܹһλִ¡Ҳǻ׳ϫǵ֮
Ŷԭˡ
ϫ˼Ҳ˵Ϊ弫֮һԺͳżΪɭϵĵȼ֡
ӱ·ˡִɵӡеӡ͡ӡӡȼ
СִɵӡԺʯࡣ
еӡԺеľһԶǧǧѡ̳֮
⡰ӡӡŵе۷ڣĿ٣һԶ԰ŵľ֮ս֮ǿ󣬼Զλз֮ǰʮУ콾
Ҫ֪Ƿ֮ǰУ඼в֪ϹռݣЩԺӡӡܹλϣ֪츳սǺε֮
Ժӡӡ֮ϣǡͳϡʵ޲ɲ⣬ӵȨ͵λ
ڡִ¡Ժһ֧ƻרŷ̡ӡӡͳϡһĹɱ¾ˡ
ǡ弫֮һԺͳĴ¹ɣĲֳͬ˼Ϊɭϵĵȼ
ϫ֮ǰҲ˵ȴû뵽Լһִ򣬾ͻһλԺˣһֵλߣӵмȨġӡӡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳɻ⹫ĽϣΪʲô
ϫɴû˵Ϊ򶥼֮һϣԺܲɷֵĹϵˡ
ǸʵѣԺӡӴ˴Ϊ˺¶
ϫ̽
Ͳ֪ġ
캬شȻЩԲ׼ϫԸ¶顣
ˣϫҲ׷ʡ
Сˣ
С㡣
Ȼһӵ𣬹ۺǴǰһڻԶɫһ࣬
Ȼ󣬳ϫͿһԼӰǳѣ٣ݰ촽Өһɱ˵֮
ȻȻ
¡ף
ȻԭЩоӯӯ󣬿ɵһӰʱ΢΢һԷģͨѰȫԼʶǼһˣô£
Ȼþòˡ
ϫȴЦЦڣģȴδ䣬һڣʱȻȻ׹
û뵽һȻֱ̫ˣߣǽȥɡ
ȻﷺһĨĵϲǰϫ첲ͳȥ
ϫȻӦ֮
һĻЩУȴǱԼҴС佾䣬òٰ֪Ľǰſܾ⣬Ȼ֮ǣ
ֱ̫ˣ
Ǽһ˭
ͨҲϡѰܹõС
һɴ۾Բš

ۺڣ֮̾أУֻǹΡĽֺµĳ޷ӵǰ֮ˡ
һĵʵһ
·ϣȻЦڣһӯӯĿ´ųϫҪЩкεȱ仯
ϧϫѸòҲǿʲôߡ
ܹϫǰԼѾȻϲˡ
ʵ⻹ǵһ̤У˴ǰѰ㣬Ҳһ󡣡
ϫһԥʵڡ
ԭ㲻רҵġ
ȻҧҧӨĺ촽һĨԹʱ֮䣬˵ʶЩ񣬳ƥգֱκӶϧ
ϫʱЦ֪ԷڿЦɸеЩڨڨǺȥ˰æġ
棬Ҹ㿪Цء
ϫϷһ˿ɫȻЦһ˲ٻţ޶ˡ
ò˵Ů˵ȷӵоݣַ飬ʲô¶һֱ
ˣ㾿ʲô£
Ȼʵ
ϫҲֱԵҴ˴ǰֻϵĴһá
⵹Ƕ£ұȥףӦ
Ȼû˼㼴Ӧ
ǿɾͶлˡ
ϫЦ֮ǰҶĽͣ⡰󡱿ֻ߱Ų֮ãÿһοҪľԴȶûнҪ֮£ѰҲ⶯ô
ȻܹˬӦóϫȻҲΪж֪˵겻ȻδıԼ̬ȡ
С㣬峤ǰһˡ
ڳϫȻ̸֮ʣԶȻһҴҶ
ŶˣҵҲȥһء
Ȼ㼴Ц
С㡭
ֹ
壬㾿˵ʲô
Ȼü
С㣬˵˵ԺǲɵʹҲִˡ
ڣ˵һĪĻ
ȻȴһˣʱһϢԱñЩŭ˵ٴˣǶϲԺģôɻӭ
ϫһһԺӡӹĽòΪ˶ɣ
С㣬үһٳɵģ峤ҲƺЩ⶯ûȥһʧǡ

ǣһ
Ȼ޺޵Ͳðͳȥýıȡ峤̳֮λأ
첻ԣȻɲҲˡ
Ȼһָ侲ô˵Ժʹߴ˿Ѿˣ
⵹ûУǱүӭУ˶ãʽݼ峤ˡ
ɿС㣬ǲԸԺǿԳôʱ峤ļܵõ峤Ͽɣ»ӭж⡣
Ȼ˵ͷȥɣұ

깰ȥ


1810 ȥ
긦һ뿪ȻʱԼ¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
ϫһпУ˿̽סʵô㲻ԸԺԷǿɣ
Ȼҡͷ²ǰ򵥣ֻǰԺУҵ˿ܣԺĿĿɲֹˡ
Ŷ
ϫü˻
֮ԺҪӪУΪ丽ӹ
Ȼһ˼˵Ҳ˵ļԺ޹ؽҪɶԣζѴӦԺվͬһӪˡ
ϫ׹üЩοǵģ
ȻЦǣȻͲúԺϾԺǵ弫֮һԺɽּɡ
ϫȻǳ濼ǣôƺ
Ȼһۣ治ףװͿڵ弫УͲпģȻ̫Ͻɣ֮ȣԺҲѶãǺΪ
˶٣ȻֻҵĿԺǺǻÿ˶вͬĿͺñɽ̫Ͻ̡ԺĹϵΪţƲĵ˰㡣
˵ЦˣоһɽĵӣɽδЩֵֹζ
ϫȴûЦΪ֮ǰȷ¡
һ뵽ɽȻֹ̫ϽͬжԣԺĹϵͬˮϫ֮࣬ʱкԺ˽ޡ
Ϊɽ״ӣȻԥѡվɽϿ飬ӹɵġ
ô
ϫʵ
ң
Ȼ̾˿¶һĨȻ֮ɫҼԺҿɾӦˡ
ϫ˵ͷ̫ش֮ĺȻеķ̫ᣬҲܻ־ı䡣
ľϣ㸸ǻͬô
ϫʵ
Ȼյĵطԣ̾Ϣֻһһˡ
˵ţһЦŤͷϫЩС£ߣһȥȥҸףȰ㶨˵
С
ϫһȻûж˵ʲô


ϫȻĴµִʱ㿴ǿֺĹϴУѻӰ
ڴһ꣬Ӣϣ磬ԣɽӵİһ˵ơ
Ȼ˱֮Զһλжľĵ۾
ϫδԷ֮ǰǰʱȴõҶָ㣬λ֮ӵŰǵ۾Ϊ־ͣͨ죬ԲСˡ
Զ·߰˸Ů٣һϢ嫣죬Ȼһ۾ڣ
֮⣬һЩӰڴ࣬ȥǿߵӰ
Ϊһĵ̣УҪһλ۾ﶼԵüΪѣȶУȴżʡ
ǳϫ˿̿һĻʱҲ΢΢ЩԾҲ˵һ߱кεȿɲ
еպɣڳϫȻִʱЦ
ϫȻڴſʱֵնʱһеĿⶼˢˢ˹
źǣϫ˿ͨϢѰδעˣЩĿֻһѲ㼴ջء
Ȼˡ
һºЦȴ峤Զˡ
ףλѡ
Ȼųϫܳϫݣͱһ²ϡ
Ȼ˱ãԺʹ߱㽫ִǷ׼ˣ
˵Զףȧݣһӥ
˱ҴҲǵĸףǸһֱߥҪԺΪĿģͲԺ
˵Ȼü΢΢һɿ촫ϫЩĲ졣
ΪõǣԼϫģʼվϫֱӾĴڣɫҲЩ޹⡣
ҵ˼㻹ô
һ䲻䲻ĻȻųϫһλ£ȻϫĪҪ⣬Щһ˼ںԺһϣЩ㡣
ް
ϫЦЦԭ͸òܹ¶ݣԷ˳⡣
ЩӵĿ⣬ɲδˡ
ȻĻɫ΢΢һָͣȻʧЦѾͷʲôʱ˻ԡ
˶٣ɫ࣬ͬԺʹѵִУȻɲˡ
Ŷ
ȻĲɵŶһһú˵ģúɫ΢΢һЩҲס
ˣ´Ҳ١
ϵԶˣֹ
ĵܣʲôʱˣٲȷ£Ժʹǰֻ»᲻ð졣
ü
Զ֮峤ۼ֣ȴͬеģʶŻֱΪĵܡ
磬ȴǣϵ棬һʱһ̱ܹϣĪҪļܷԺһɻδ֪ء
Զڣһɫʱһ
ϫ̧ȥʱϳǿ֮ˣ۾ɽŨüīȻ
çŻ淵֮ʱǰӦȻġ
ϫûмǴȻΪ硣
ܣԺаһʱץסԺɾûˡ
һڣһζܴ£Щ˴֣ӼΪϷˣ
⻰Ѵһɺǳζôеնʱд˽š
ϫ˿ҲǿںԺϣϸ߲֮仹δͳһ
źԺŷԺ
峤ԶĿǰֳ̬Щ׽͸
۾һɣ˵Щʲô
ͼԶȻЦֵˣǶΪǼ룬Ҫִȥˡ
ĵ˼ǣ
ʵ
ĿҲ˹ȥ
Ժʹǰˣú̸һ̸Ҳ١
ԶȻ
˵⣬Ȼóһ򣬸пҸջõϢϢݿǾףϢɢֻγɵƽ棬㽫д˱ƣ
Զֱתƻ⣬̸ܶԺ飬ԶЩΡ
ֱҲδԼĵںԺһϣһ̬ȡ
ɲΣԶ֮ǰһϯȴɹ˵ĺġ
ף
Ƶƽƣ
ǾʲôϢ


1811 ޶
ϫ仰ʱҲ˺ģʲôϢȻᱻԶλ򶥼֮Ϊס
΢΢Щţ˶ڵȴԶ𰸡
ɹתƻ⣬˺ģԶһڶԴԺϣʵһֱԥԸϡ
һ¡
ԶݸԱߵ̴ӡ
æù򣬴ҴһʱɫƵ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
һĻǡñ˲׽нԶˡ
ǰҶϺᣬλз֮񾳵ھʮҶ㣬бɱ
κһʼеϢݵõĿɿϢƣҶɥɽ״ӳϫУ
˻һ˶΢΢һȴɻϢȷ˳ԾԶԶƲǾס
֪˴£ʶʲôر֮ˡ
ǳϫɽ״ӣɱҶһѣʲôþģ
֮УΨȻϢʱӨĴǲһ˿Ź֣źۼƳһĳϫһۡȴ۹۱ǱǹģһԼ޹صģ
ȻвЦǴЩϹ֪ϫԼƤţҲ֪εȸˡ
ȻҲЩֻ֣ɱһҶѣ˵ҶңǺɽһȣȴɲ˲ֹһأϢ𶯣
λ԰꣬һϢֻǸӣص㡣
ԶڣԸʹ߼ȥ
׹Զһﲻ
ҶҶŭɳ϶ɵ۾Ϊ׵һ֧ǰɱϫ
ߵصڿտĴУԣϫɽӣҶΪһҶ㣬ȴϧ˼ҵıӦɵںɽսɺݿɿϢƣо
⣬˵ĺ޲¹¶һĨɡ
ʲôҶϸºǲһλ۾ȥɱɽӣ
ܿ죬߱𰸣ԭһУǺҶϡϡ̫Ͻ֮һйء
£߱㽫йͻ۴֮һ˵˳۸ӡ
¾Ϊ˴ɺҶϡϡ̫ϽĹ֤ͬ£һһȴǱ˺٣ǵˣִдµҶҲڻ֮󳹵ױѳ̫Ͻ̡
һзһؼɽӳϫ
֮Ϊϫĳֹ֣ǻٵһҶλҶϺᣬ̫Ͻ̳ҲױѣҶϡϡ̫Ͻ֮ĺܵƻ
£ҶϲŻŭɳ϶ɵ۾һˣҪѩޡ
һУ˽Զݣ𺳣ţ˾ɲһ㡣
뵽Ҷǣô飿һҶϡϡ̫Ͻ֮ĺ
ֲҶϻŭԭһоǣ֮档
ɽӳϫֱǸ¾çŻʱͳ׵˵ϡұϡϵȵȴһƻҶϡϡ̫Ͻ֮ĺ湻ġ
ϢȷѳƵǾףɢ򣬶ȻһĪ䶯
һڴ۷׷ףпѡ
Ϊ֮ϵһԹóϫҲǴ£Ϊ֪
ҲǴʱϹ֪ɽԭֶһλ״ӡ
Ϊ򶥼֮һȻҲŹ£ΪȻĹϵǶԵ֮ϵһҪΪ
ʶʱ֪ҶҶıѣҶϡϡ̫Ͻ֮ĺƻһжͳϫйʱǲŻֵ𺳺͸п
һ̣ȻҲǾþ޷ƽҲǵһ£һУһַ˼ĸо
⡭Ķģ
Ȼ̲סϫ
ϫһ޶ԣģֻһûġ
ڵ֪ԶõġסϢǺԼйصЩ󣬶ʱʧȥȤ
ֻҲпϹȻûв͸ǽϢĿ湻ġ
õϫȷϣȻȴˡ
ǵã֮ϷֱʱϫΪŲ۷ζѣŹȥ꣬Ϊǵڣɳôྪ춯صĴ£δ̫ˡ
ǻʣȻ̲סʳϫΰ쵽һġ
е۲δã㱻߽Ϣٴע
˴׷ɱֹҶϲȡжϡ̫ϽͬԴ˷Ӧ
ݵõϢƣ϶ɵ۾һȫûϤɽӳϫУ
˻һնʱһѻȸ
˶ͫһ¶һĨ֮ɫǸϫȻɱһ۾ڣ
ôܣ
ǷǵãǰЩϫһγҰʱŲһλ񾳴ڡ
Źȥ꣬Ϊ½ٿ죬Ҳֻӵ񾳵ѣܿԽɱһλ۾
ݹϹԹɴδ˺֮£
ôܣ
ϢһǼٵģ
ٴϢԹʵ
Ϣԣ϶ɵ۾ȷǱϫɱ¡ѵõҶԼȷϡ
һ̣Զһ仰ôеĻȻʱʧ±óš
Ȼģ
ɫЩ̣вƵһƬκˣ޷ǳϫΰ쵽һġ
ȻȴƳһߵĳϫ಻Ƶֱҧҧӣǿźûʳ
ǳϫں϶ɵ۾ĶԾУǷ˳ȴ޷ȷƶϣƾϫһˣս죬ֻҲ԰쵽һˡ
Զһ仰ò˽ԶĪذһ
ԣԭ޶ԵĳϫǲЩԶƶʱں϶ɵ۾ԾʱûСԮ֣ȷѰ쵽һˡ
ʵЩص㡣
ԶȻһתϢλɡ
˶ʱһ㶣ѵб֮ǰŵϢû
Ҳ֪˴γĲֹҶһͬɳ̩۾һˣ̫ϽҲɳ񽫳
Զƽֻڰǰ̩۾һˣ񽫣ɥϵ˵ɱǵǰǧǰ伣һλ
̩۾һˣ
̫ϽҲˣ
֪һϢһȻҡҷѣǿɶǵһ۾ڣ֪£ȴɵˣ
λ˭
̲סʳ
ޱ۾ġ
Զ³֣


1812 ֮
ޱ۾ģһλľߴɫʵĸ۾Ϲеĵλ֮ߣԺ۾µ۾С
нУйضĵĴ澭кܶ࣬дıǵڡϼеһ壬츳Ȼ˫
Ҳд˵ǵоǵ۾Уϣ֮һ
ܴΣޱ۾ĵʵȷӹɵǿһ˸ȥˡ
ֻʱ֪һƮҰװĶģͻȻº֣ڰǰһɱ̩۾һ˺̫Ͻ񽫣һϴڱ𺳣¶һĨɫ
̩۾̫Ͻ񽫣ɶѰ֮ɶȴȻɱǣⲻ͵ڳ׵Ϻ̫Ͻ̣
Ȼڵ۾λ۷֮λ԰ˣɱˣϿңпӵеϹŶ
̫Ͻ̡Ǿ͸ɲˣǵ弫֮һ飬ֶᣬһ¾Ƕڣֻ¶õɣ
ƫƫأˣǳʲôԭģ
һʱ֮䣬һƬţԶϢ𺳡
λ˵ܶǰɽѰ۾֮ţ䱻ɽܾ֮ȴżȻõ˴ѩָ㡣
һƬУԶڣ˵һ֮ǰҲΪһָ㣬ķܹ˳۾
һܿ첻ԼµʲôԶĿһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ô˵ޱ۾˴γ֣Ϊ˱Ǹϫ
Ȼˣ̩۾һˣ̫Ͻ񽫣ɶΪ׷ɱɽ˳ϫȴɥޱ۾Уټޱ۾ɽѩϵȻޱ۾һУΪ˱ȫǳϫ
ֲãֲޱ۾ôԭΪ˱ѩָ֮
ۣž̾
ΨϫԼޱ۾ôΪʲôΪ˱ʦѩָ֮ǰ򵥡
˷ЩϢʱȷһȻˡ
пϫǸ츳Ǻεֻ֮Ҳû뵽żûԷô࿰Ǿ顣
˻һõ˲ͬ
ԶȴҡͷˣҲֵùעϧϿû˼򵥵顣
˶ʱȻ⻰ʲô˼ѵбϢ
ֹǣϫҲЩɻԶ˵һЩʲô
ܿ죬Զ𰸣ǰĪ紫Ϣ̫Ͻʥ롮Ħ١ɽһɱϾԨɥ
䣡
׻״ܵһǰδеǿҳ
̫ϽʥĦ٣
һλڣղبŲӵֶͨΣ
񣬾һλȻˡ
ֱ̫ţ˶
ϾϹʵܹεģֻһСѣָͷĹ
ϹλнĴڣ÷ëݡ
˵ļУѾ̫ûгֹˣһ䣬ҲѾȥǧ¡
λĵһǴɵ̫ʥĦٱɱȫͬ
ʶɵҲǲͬն
һ̣ϫҲס̾˲ͬ˿ľȴһƬɺϲá
뿪̫ʱ֪ʦѩں̫ϽʥĦٶԾһս֮á
ֻҲû뵽ԼյִʱʦֱѾȡһսʤ
ˣȻٴе䣡ɽҪʲôѵ㳹׺̫Ͻ̿ս𣿡
û뵽ô꣬ΪֲˣĦٵɥУֶμֱǷ˼
һ£ԭƽľƱػᱻˣ
䰡Ҳ֪һĻҡ
ɽɽǴѩǳϫǸòãҪЩɣ
пܣϾҿҶϡϺ̫Ͻ֮ĺɽȻԹˡѩնɱĦٵ£ǶǺһַ
ŵķΧܿ㱻ƣȻһڷʥĦпܻԵӰ졣
ЩۣϫȴЩЦԷǣǺʦնɱĦٵͲǻ̫Ͻ̡
Ϊʱʦ˳ɱ̫Ͻ۴˾Ħŭ׷ɱ
ˣϫѸʦַɽˣƵǰ̫С
ԭȴûͳҲֻĬ˴ǸĴ⡣
û뵽ʦ־Ȼ
ȻҲǸпϫȻҲΪܿ羳ɱ϶ɵ۾ǵ磬ǻ˵ã
ҿûôܹɱ϶ɵ۾ҲǻԵɺϣҳɷ־Ӷࡣ
ϫЦڡ
α
ȻһۣһȴҲ֪Щʲô
Ҳ̸¶ƵӰ죬λ̫ϽҪҶϡϴɺվͬһӪȴܵɽǿһ£ǾãϺԺǷᷢ飿
ȻԶһѹסӵһݣҲǱó
ˣɽԺĹϵͬܽšԶֲһ䡣
һ仰ٽϸղϢôвɫ΢΢һ䡣
ĵܣЩΣˣΪĦٵ䣬ɽѵͬں̫Ͻ̳˺Ƥ£ɽĻһǿУ
ȴȻһЦԴ˲ΪȻ
磬һһҸоȾ£ϻǱȡ̬Ϊס
ڡ
ܣҲˣĦٵһƱؽʣٲԺҪڿɾͳˣ
üõ
ۼҪִȻ⴫һ峤ԺʹٹƬ̱㽫ִ
һ仰ôеִʱʧóš
һߣԴвܣǧĪҪ˵ˣԺʹߣϵӰɲã
ߣ
һȴǲٶԡ
ˣλԺʹǰϸ̸һ̸Ҳ١
Զ˻֡
˵ʱĿȻȻôģĪҪʧ
Ȼҧҧӣջǵ˵ͷ
ϫˣֻǿ˿Ȼδ˵ʲô
ԺӡӹĽЯذϴǰݼλǰ
Ƭ̺һĮٿȻڴ


1813 ֪ô
һȺǹ°ӵһ
ȺŮһԣȫΪͬг͡
Ϊҫ۵ģɵΪһӣһϮüĺ£ɫףͬ֬ʯžӨ͸ĹԺ⣬ס
ӵһͷɫƮҷ֮¶һǷӢƥݡ
˺ܲһ㣬̬ݣһһ߼٣ƽһɽӵİ֮
ԶԶһֱһλoһĸ绪
ȻȺʾԺеӡӣ
еߣɰӾͬˡ
̫̾߼٣ѲӰ˷עǰ;⣬Ȼ̤۾֮У
ҲΪȻ޲ѡ
ǹĽ
ϫѯ˼һ۾ͿΪ񾳴Բزͷų񾳵Ǳʡ
֮ڽʱȻһƷǱѲǾ񾳿
̤۷УھΪǱʣ߱ƣԵɲˡ
Ժӵӡʮλ⹫ĽλеʵȻӹɵǿ󣬴Уڷ֮пλеڶʮģǾޡ
Ȼɿ촫شЩӣҲòϣ⹫ĽǿҲһǿһЩϹﶼֻǰȻʧɫ
ڶʮλȷܲ
ϫ˵ĿȴǹĽһϣ˸òذϴɣ
һϮ£ݹӣʵȻ°һʯһְ˷ϮȻĳơ
ǹĽȣϵҲ٣ȻҲһλ۷徳еİμ
š
Ȼ˵ͷ˵ЩʲôȴǹĽȻĿЦλؾȻˣȻ˫
ͳִԣ죬һֱĵ
ԺӡӣһһƵУЩŮʡ
ˡ
ȻһЦ̬Ӻݣԣ
ĽЦЦڴһ
ʼնһɴȣͥŲ㣬ΰĿ߶ۡ
Ǵ˿֮Ե׿Ⱥ
ߣͬҲܲеƮݣŮ鶯޲ţ˴໥ӳģԵҫۺͰ͡
ԺӣΪ弫֮һĴߣһֶصĽϡ
֮ȣЩ񾳴ڣδЩμ穡
ҲϫоΪ򶥼֮һ̺񣬿ǺԺһȣȷЩǿ⡣

һĽֱԵ´Ŀģλǰ֪λǰϣ
˻һնʱһ׷װĿϵԶ
¸ϵشϷҲʵԾϰ
ԶȻ̾˿һԾģȴǸش⡣
ڴˣĽȴ΢΢һЦǰڵԺĳ⣬ʵ˴¼ȻԺǰȻһЩŵֻҪǰ֣½ԶԴԺ̴Ӧ
仰Եʮ㣬ô˽Զ۾һ
Ժѱ˳⣬ҵԲԺʧ
ԶڣѴЦ
磬ɲ˵ϡ
üЩǼ͵ӡ
ܣ
ʱɫһƵĵһۡ
ˣ¿̸ĪҪִÿ˼Цˡ
Զֵ
Ǻǣλǰδʹ´ͬһµҲż
ĽȻһЦ㻰һתΪԺĳ֮һڱԴӦֻҪȻԺ̳Ϊһӡӡ
˻һʱ𾪡
ӡӣ
ԺĵӵȨ͵λֱԺвŲӵʮλӡӣÿһǾ޾֮Ժء
ϹΪԺһӡӣߵﶼܵ磬˸Ҳˣ
񣬹Ľһ仰ŵһӡӵȻȴֱʿ㹻ˡ
ζʲô
ζȻֻҪӦͿԾţΪԺʮλӡӣӵȨ͵λ
һʱ֮䣬вĿⶼȻһĨ޷εۡ
Щϵ۾ڣҲǸпѣָܵԺĳ⡣
Զƶ΢΢Щ⣬û뵽Ժó˴һ⡱ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ҲЩ⶯
Ȼ㻹Ͻлл﹫ӵĺ⣿һĻᣬԴ
һЦоǹ
ǰȻΪԺӡӣҲɣΪԺѵޱȵҫ
ߵһ꿪ڣӥ߷ƣĵϵǡ
ֵһǣ֮ǰҲǽĽһС
Ǹ̫ش֪ѧǳԳ빫ּ¡
ϵǣѵûᣬȻȴɫƽؾܾˡ
ģƸͶԴ˲Ȥһ㡣
˶ЩȻ㲻Լ䣬ǳΪԺӡӵĻᣬȻܾˣ
ֹǣǹĽҲ΢΢һüͷײ壬ָƽ
ڳ֮УֻгϫһȻ־ϣʶ˵һӡǸ˵ֻҲӦˡ
ȻȷشеѹҲ˾ܾЩˡ
ڣдһĨ޵ĺǳ⡣
Ȼǹ﹫ӺòȡģôôҶѿ
ǲõ
һЩҲоȻ̫֣ټһԵƫƫͲϧһھܾⲻǺʲô
ȻĵҲϾΪԺӡӣֹζΣⲢʲô£ֻҪȻӦЩѹһֵǡ
Ľͳдԣɲ죬ƲδΪȻľܾŭִݵȣ˶Ϊ֮۷ѡ
һ£ôоԺĳ⣬ֱ޲ôȻ̴Ӧ´ˡ
ȻȴüֱԵлֺ⣬ѾĪҪȰ
ˣǽԶȻֲִ˼¡
ֹǣϴҲü
žһһԺٰ಻ס͵һǰ빣Ȼ֪ôδ̫ԺУ


1814 ޿
빷飬Ϊм׷ɡ
նʱţΨԺԴŭڻصš
üȴδ˵ʲô
ϫˣȴЩ⣬Ժȴ˷ɼ֮
ȻԺݣ˶ȹоѡ̡
óϫҲòп˵ӰԺƣƺ߱Ī֮
˾ȻҳȻ֪ôɻϫüͷһ壬ӱ
ηԺϫɲηˣ
λԺϢŭȻһֱȰһȰ
ǼЩԾæԲ
˵ʱĿȻϣһɸֵģȻĪҪٺˣԺλôҶѿ
ϫ㻳Լˣ˰۸Լ˵ģ
һ湻˵ģ
ϫ̲סƳһϵԶȴޱ飬Ϳһ˿
óϫвЩʧȻŮ¾ȻһԹ۵̬ȣδЩˡ
ǺǣǺЦֻǲԸԺҪҵǸ˻޳֮£
һ£ȻҲŭظһΣȻɲϡΪʲôӡӣ
һһ٣Щ˽ԶһЩš
ôĵӣ
ϲԺˡ
̬ȿ湻ӵģʦ֣ǰһˡ
ЩԺӽԶɫһЦȻ̬Ȳ⵽˼¡
Ȼ
ˣжʱһЩȳѵϵڲˣĺ
ѴһĨεķŭ
ȻӣֹȻҲڳһԵѹ
ȻȻԸ⣬ǲҪǿΪã벻ԺϺԺĺƺ޶Ӱ졣
ϫˣвһ̾ջǳڡ
˻һֹһЩԺӶЩ⣬һ˭ʲôʸڴ˿˵
λİĺܣˡ׾Ǻηʥ
ĽƳһ۳ϫĮڡ
λѡ
Ȼ˵꣬㱻Ǵϣʱһ˲ķݶֱǺ֣
˵ţ۾һɨϫԴвλѣأڲ飬ɲһ˾ܹ๵ģ
һ£һԺӱ̲סЦǺǣһΪǺηʥԭֻһµ˵ȡ
ǴǣȻһЩһˡ
ЩȳͲмϫֻ۾ЦЦƵȻȻҵѣȻԹˡ
仰˵赭д˶УȴԵúܿʹ̶
һˣԺһڵӣԶЩţû뵽һòѰѰļһȻʱ̸ǽаˡ
һѵˣ
ѵ֪ϵҪԵĸԺĴˣ
ȻｻѣֱǸ֪Ⱑ
̲һЦ
ȷǸ⣬磬ֻ֪ôġ
һԺҲЦɹЦѣٲȻѳϫçײ֮
ЩԳϫĸڮٺ裬Ȼŭ˵Щʲôȴϫס
غǼƽϣɾԵ̫ˡ
˻һԺһڵӽԶɫһ䡣
֮ǰԼϫԺ͵ĿͱˣųϫǺǣλѶԺˣ
һϮݰ𪣬䲩ǱãԴȴޱȣǿҵĹԡ
̸ֻǿ߰ˡ
ϫڵɫȻ
һ£ϲ˶Щϫľٶס˾ĵҺԺԣ
Ǻǣǵʮ㣬ȻˣλѸҲҺдһ
ԺŭЦһɿɲ
գʱɱ
ϢŭϢŭ˾ͽ´ɡ
ۼһսͽæǰȰ⣬˵ʱĿضųϫȳѣڻ뿪ɱҰȥ
ң
Ȼİ
Ȼٺ֣ɾҪ洦ˣ
ҧ
ˣλһԡ
ȻһֱԹ۵ĹĽڣʱѹסĿⶼϡ
Ŀ⣬ȴ˳ϫĮλѣ˵㿴Ժ
һ仰ûΪ֮һ䣬綳ᣬѹȵֱ
ϫȴδڵѵղûҪظڶ飿
һ£ԸҲɫ΢΢һ䣬ԼоϫַӦ̫ЩԾȴ˵ﲻԾ
Զλһֱ֮ҲδһĿ΢΢ţʳָһûһµߵα˭ҲľһЩʲô
ϫĴ𸴣ĽȻЦˣЦȴκܹҪһɰɣ˵ΪȻ򱧲ƽ
仰˵ĲȻѣ飬ԲԹۡ
ϫȻ
ȻˣҵҪʣʲôʸôѵΪԺһӡӵݣ䲻Ȼ
ĽٿȻһһĨɱζ
ǿѣվǲõġ
ϫشĺƽ˵ҹܲˣȻ飬ѵıһܡ
ܵ𣿡
Ժ̲סЦ
ϫֱӾ֮硣
ˣĽĬƬ̣Ȼ¹Ժ¿Ҫһˡ
˻һôһһݡ
̬չһǺٸԤҲ޷ıʲô
ֻҲأ֣ȻλѾĵѵ治Ժζʲô
Ҫ֣
ϫüëһ
أ
Ľʡ
Ҽ㲻ӦҲˡ
ϫȻԭȻҪ˵ЩʲôȴǱֹ֮ǰԺЩһЦҲѱһ˿
˻ԣϫַǾ֮޷ԺӶԼڮˡ
ǻѰúͶԷƽϡ
ͬΪɽӣΪΪάɽԴӦˡ
ǺǣСӵЩʦ֣Ȼ˾λѵĸаɣ
Ѱ಻ס˵̤Ŀ㣬ϫǾǲм֮ɫ
˼ˣʱףһսǼϣò
һʱ֮䣬ĿⶼˢˢӺͳϫϣսš


1815 ޿ƥ
Ф棬Ժһеӣλִɵӣӡӡ
νее֮⡣
еΪԺľһҲ׿Խ֮ԶѰͬˡ
ФܹǹĽߣΪսȻвͬѰ֮
˿̼սôЩ⣬оЩСˡ
֮УϫòѰѰһ֪ߵغģͲԺӽ֡
ˣٶȰԺʹߺúһļһҲãʡĿˣ֪
ЦǲҪٲָԤ
д⣬ʲôȻѣҿһΪסȻĴȣΣĿһˡ
ҲЦһֵģ
⸸˱ͬ˼кܶ࣬ԶΪϫ̫֪ˣʶô
һʱ֮䣬Щϴǵ˸Ԥһս
ЩԺӣֹһˣ֮ǰϫԣֱǶԺƣ
Ҳʵû뵽һ֪ðļһȻҺԺˡ
Ǹ磬ֻѶɱ˶ԷĻȵڣ
Фս»ԶͲФһѹ֪ļһúóһڶ
ڳ֮УΨȻųĬϸȥѷϫĿУһ˿м֮ɫԵЩŹ֡
Զλһ֮һ˲²͸뷨ĬȻ飬ʼնһﲻ
һ̵ţţһ
еĿ⣬ڳϫФϡ
㣿
һƬžУϫֻƳФһۣҡͷ㲻Удɡ
Դƽ˵赭дκ䳰ȷ˶УȴԵޱȵźͲ
˶üѣһѵ
Ф棬˻ôǶסݺݳ鴤һ£Ķ湻İ
ŭЦɭȻͳ仰¹ģҲˡˣ
䣡
δ£ְ̽ƣƾһӡȻ׹⣬ɱ£ձڶ
һɲФ绯oׯϣ죬һֲеĴǡ
ԺϴС֮ӡ
˾Уһϳȷţʱһ𺳣̾ԺȻ˲ãһ֣Ѷɱ֮Ϸš
ɴҲжϳ˿̵ФѶŭҪһѹϫй֮ŭ
ⷨŵǲѹָš
ϫ۾ФȻб£һȷѹͬеĴˡ
ֻǣϫ⣬۾ɱȻ˶ηˡ
ҲϣǲһЩͣһս϶ҪۣϾԷԺӣսѰɱȡ
䣡
ȻϫϢǣͬһͷѣ
һɲǣȻһ䣬ܻΪһ绷ƣɱεӰͷųһ˵ķâ
ϣ
ָһһĨʯĽХ֮һĨҲָ֮͵籡
Ƭʱ𶯣ҰããǬһĨ顢ݡ𣬳ֳĺ˳
һ̳ϫչֳֶΣȥѪƴͬеҲȫˡ
ȻͬҪһ֮ڷֳ
أ
һı¡¡죬ʱձΪĩŽɢ
ڳ˺Ȼǣһ̣Ф۵ķӡȻ飬ƱиѪŽͷѣ𣬷ҽС
ϫӰһһѱץס˶ԷУһӰѸٻصԭء
˵㲻УƫƫҪǿ˵¹ҲŹң°ɣ
ȻƽУһϫ㽫Фݺڵϣ˫ϥأϥǶֱӱ飬Ѫһء
𺧣Ŀ࣬㶼Լ۾
һж̫죬ڵʯ֮ĻǶȥӦФѹزҰܣ
̫ġ
УФԺеӣ²ǹĽսҲͬҪǿ
ϫأû֪ǴðģģѰѰȴǿޱȣֱ֪ߵغĴֱ֮㣬ĿФ콾֮ӵĶ֣
񡭡Фȴһ֮аˣұԷһѹأضûУ
֮ǰ˭ŻᷢһĻˣ
˵ЩˣЩ۾ǣû뵽ᷢȾתˡ
ԺӶɫһͫ޷š

Ф̲ס˻ڵأͷɢ˫ϥ飬ƤͷѣĿ֮£ܴ裬ֱɱܡ
һ˻𣬳ЩԺӴѹ

һŮӼУ͵سۻӶâͷϫȥ

ϫɨһۣƣһġ
¡¡
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ž
һǳǽŮӶŽѱúףڳѪ˺˳ȥ׹ڵء
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Ժ˰˲
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ôܣ
ʧš
죬ȴ˵ʲôҲǰһĻ𺳡
ֹˣЩϵ۾Ҳǵѡ
ѵ
Լµʲôȴȥȷ
Զ˿ҲǷһĨɫһš
ȻȴԵúƽ֮ǰйسϫ̫ϢԵϫ쵽һʱоྪȣΪȻ顣
һжЩԺӶԣȴһشɫ䡣
ˣȻң
ǽŮӼУһϣľʹպ׵Ĳӣŭ¡
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㡭˭ɱ
ǽŮӻһ£ϫɱ壬ҪʧȥǣΪԺһλᣬܹʱǾŭǿ־塣
䣡
𶯣ͬħ޶ģƬʱ飬ĸѪһڣȻѡ
һ̣ٴһԺӳֳ֣һϽ⣬ʣͷϼǧױȣֱӱգϫ
ʣϽһǿ鱦ܺɱħһɱƿƾ
һ֣ϽɢһɿɲҪ̮
ЩԶԶһ޷ֳĬȣ󣡡


1816 ذϴ
¡
˵һһʵʵԣطĻƣÿһռ䣬ԭҪ̮ļҲǾʹֹȹޱȡ
صأԲˡ
һΪԺӵĳ֣ƻ̫ˣԶֻⳡս֪µǻһɡ
ֱ䶯δӰսĽС
ֳϽԺӣһ֮£⼤ʱƿޱѤɢϫݺѹȥ
ФͽŮӣ˿ֵ̳λԺӣսҪǿ̫ࡣ
ɶڴˣϫһݣĵȻģ

ϫ³֣ôнԶһ
ৣ
һ̣һھĿע£ϫһ̤ʱգֱԺӳȥ
⣬յգʢޱȣԡ֮⣬֣ϽѹȶǸֺ
ǵ龰ٲȻͬ򷨲֣𶯣š
أ
˷Ӧϫ̽Ͻ⣬һӣһӲԺѹء
ۣ
ԺӴڿѪͬһɽѹϣǿɲҪϢ
һֻоǻͷѣޱ߾ʹɫŤ̲סҽг
Щһɲǣ쵽˷Ӧ
˭Ҳ޷󣬳ϫս˿ɲǿưԵ֮ӻФͽŮӣٵһѹԺӣ޲һ֮£֡
ǵȴݿսʽ̬ٲȻֹ֮һǿưԵܹݵģ
ûһ̳ϫչֳȷ̫ˣٲȻһҵļơ
Ҫ֪ĶֿԺӣ
ɳϫȴܹɻ֣ôսָÿֲ˺εȵز
޷
˵֮ǰУϫֻһ֪ðĲ֪ߵغˡ
ô˿̵ٲȻͬеĸӵо֮ɽ֮ƣ
Сǿôᡭ
ૣʧǣ֮ǰڲϺȳϫҪȥ
˭룬Ϊӿˣչֳ˿ɲսܽˣ
ˣû뵽СӾȻ˲ͬѰ
ɫĿ˸ѣҲǲ

Щһ
ϫƳһ۵ڵϲҽвֹФˣȻȻתĿ˹Ľ
Ľݱޱ飬Į˼¡
Ŀһзһʼ𾪣ڵĮȻжϳһεĶַѰɱȡ
ȷϫչֳս֮ǰ֮ˣλҪǰ
ùĽŭ֮࣬ҲЩɲ²͸ϫʲô
һںԺˣұֳս֮Ǹ±ԵЩͬѰ
Щ²͸ЩĽųٳδ֡

̫ĪΪƵ𣡡
ĽһԺӺȳϫƣҲŭѡ
ʲôʱԺܹˣ
ڴˣϫֱӾˣĿһֱڹĽϣȻѾսˣȥݺݴһЩԺӵ棬Ŀˡ
һ̣ĿҲ˹ĽϣҪηӦ
ϫҪסְɡ
ȻˣȴЩǣϫȻϫѽȣͬҲ֪ǹĽΪԺӡӣսǿɲԾʤ븺ʵˡ
صġ
ϫʾȻضԣзִ硣
ذʦܡ
ȻһֱĬĹĽĮȻڡ
ʦ֡
һߵذϴ
Ըս
ĽȻܿذϴʱѯһ¶Է⡣
˶Դ˲ûʲô⣬ذϴȷţͬԺһӡӣȻڹĽ֮󣬿ʵ֮䲢ûжˡ
ԺУذϴΪӵвڹĽʵֻΪΪ˵͵Ĭԣҳһж½ԶȤʶŻЩ
ã
ذϴ˵ͷ
һ£ݺƽȴһ˵ĳΡϢ°ϵһʯɺ
һ̵Ȼͬ磬֮ڣֱޱˡ
ˣʱڣƽ棬Ȼһ񽣳Ԩâأ֮
һ֣
ϫУذϴ֮ӣȴṇ̀嫺ͬһͷݷ㣬ֲòĸ
ǰŹӵһħս֪ܷһã
ȻĽĿԶȻ
޲ɡ
ԶЦЦһӣһٿȻƿն𣬳ڴ롣
ˡ
һͷųһɬٿȻ֮䣬â֮䡣
ֻǰһǰȻһ䣬ԼһƬǿС
ƬǿУһſǳңΧΪһս̨Ǻƴ׳ޱȡ
ϫ̧ȥͷ̨Ϊ죬ֺдһɲ⣬ǳʯͣӡصƣһޱȵѪɱ֮
Ȼսǫ̃Ҳصս̫֮ƣԷһ
ǶħսһλƣרΪĥµսɱ֮á
ϾΪ񾳲Σһ֣ѣ촷ۣ˵ǳǳأǳ¶ᱻݻ٣ƻ̫ˡ
⶷ħսͲٵ⡣
ȻĽղųԶսĿֻһǾذϴչֳսһٴܳϫΪصԭš
ৣ
ذϴһԲӰһһ̱ǶħսУվ磬𣬾ʮأ
Ժӡӵ𣿡
һڵ۾ϽԶһһ˲Ͳذϴ֮⣬ʱҲ޷ӵذϴˡ
ڴˣϫδʲôɵŲһ磬ͥŲƵģǶħսУذϴңңš
ذʦ֣ʩչܣǼһɱ
ߣذʦֳעܱ
ذʦֿԺӡӣλеʮλϹֻ¶ܹ֮ȼ硣
ˣذʦλз֮񾳵ʮλĴڣ
ЩԺӽԶܣذϴǿҵģǿϫ֮ǰֵſ񣬿ҲԲذϴĶˡ
˿ʼһЩƲ⣬ذϴҪбѹϫ
һ̣ԭԳϫȻҲһĨǡ
ذϴԺеӡӣӵ۷εΪսǿɲޱȡ
һ֣ϫ


1817 Ծ
ذϴ죬ЩԺӽԶܡ
ǹĽˣҲͷΪذϴѹϫ֮ǰҾ档
һ̵ķӦȴܸӣȾϫ֮ǰչֳĿɲսֺܲĿſȥ
ìܣԾġ
ΨǸӱȽϿܣǿɰͲذϴһٴܳϫ䳹ѹ
һȱסԺӵ棬ҲɨϫϰϺԺ֮ĺ˳ȥ
ˣ
͵أǶħսǴһף˶һѹ¡
òӣɽذϴžâͫȻɫܻΪɱ֮ϫɱȥ
˴󾪣û뵽һﲻսѱˡ
ذϴһƿ׵Ŀһأһɲ̺ͫӿɫױʵ֮
ԺϴС
˾̾
ڳ˶ʱϫһµذϴȻѽһԺϷŵ뵽ͫУɲѰܹ쵽ģ
¡¡
ձ˺ѣɫ֮ʮأزþҪǬ
ϫָǰ̳ʱնĿޱȣĽţʽɱһƾӨ͸֮磬ضɬһٽããɫն顣
Ʋذϴȥ

ذϴǰȻһƬܼɫ׵ٲܻΪһ׵گ̺һ𣬱㽫סĽ
ذʦ֣ɱ
ԺӺ
Ԩ
һ̱һذϴת˫һչŲʱУŴĿĵ⣬ϫ
һ̣ʱ·ֹ˶ϢһȻֹ
Ϊһ̫ɲ춯أ
Щ۾жΪ֮һݣŹעսҲû뵽ذϴս֮뺷һ֣֮ƣҫ֮
ԺкպġڴʱųԾŵƣȫһǺӣ
һߣϫͬ죬ٿȻΪһͷҡأЮֱ֮ҪһƬն
ԶԶȥͷƿһͷǺУӵкХǬûɽ֮ơ

ѵһĺ᣿
ϳ˷ţԶͫһЩš
¡
ǷӦײһ¶ײʮɽǱɢ˷Ұ
ֻ˫ĿʹۣЩ˸ѪܳһڣһεĶԿʵ̫ˡ
ɫױǵأ
ҡ䣬δУ
ذϴͳϫһɱֲֿħŭ𣬴Ѫױգ㡭
ǿɲĳǻص˻ʱԣֺ̫Уս£˺ϯһƬһƬǿա
ˣ
һ죬ɽУӰֿһƽɫ˭Ҳδκ˭
Сǿذϴûܹһѹ
˺ȻЩ˼飬еϫɲ⣬޷ȡ
ЩԺҲǱ죬ɲǲԸϣǰʵȴ޲֤СӾȻӵԺذʦֿͣ
Ľ۾ɫĮֻ˵һ䣺սŸտʼȥ
ħ̨ϣذϴɫ΢΢ЩأȴǱ֮ǰҪʢ
ϣϣϣ
ŵ֮ĺذϴ־ŵ׵̣Ѥʢͷų
ÿһ׵̣̺ſɲһ׵ȣŸ̵һ繹һ׵ܻ
ǡ̺컯֮ӵ磬ܡ
һ˲ŵ׵̾ʹѤ֮ɫͱûҝһѹֵĻޱȡ
ˡ
һ˲ŵ׵ڿգһֺɫպبʱգɱ¡
ৣ
ϫ̽һץиһ۵ĹŽһԾ赭дһն
һ˿̻Ϣ
ӯԭʼȻ֮ϣһּµ񾲡Ȼ֮УĿôۣ̲סС
дԣ
䣡
ӳ񷣬ҫ졣
һɲǼײسħ˻ʥоȵȿɲǶ֮䲻ϳӿ֣ƥ쫷磬Ϻ𽻷棡
һԡ׵磬ͬƿ׵һΰ˼ƿƥɱһڶħս棬ֱɱذ޹⡣
ǵȾ󿰳Ǿףս˶һĿѣ˺
˽Զ񾳣սȴѴﵽеĿɲ߶ȣͬһжѳƵ˸񣬾޸
ȻСӸòǡɣ
ս⣬֪ʱȻߣһ˼ؿźߡ
˭
ȻȴװͿ
ѾͷѵҪϽ˵˵ǲСӣ
Ц
Ȼش𣬺ȻƳֹԼҲĿʱ͸ĿڵԼȥʰɡ
ʱɫһͣҡҡͷ
УȴѴжϳ˿ڶħսкذϴսˣֻ¾ɽǸСӡ
жϵԭֻһǻФˣǴ˿̺ذϴսϹܹ쵽һɲ
֪ȻύУܹӵսģƺҲֻǰЩǸɽ״ˡ
һ뵽⣬пʼɿһɽһԺСӵĳҲһ

û뵽㵹˲¶ֻ࣬ӵստɱذɣ
ħսУڼսذϴȻڣ͸һĨȻ֮⡣
սһοڣȴƣ˵ζ
˵ʱذϴһŵ׵̵ɫٴһ䣬īһִĵ绡ܶҪضɱϢʮ㡣
䣡
̵գ׵ɱ촷ʱգÿһռ䣬ٲȻֳһĩѰĺ˾
ذʦֲظǻ˿Ͻⳡս
ԣѹȥ
һĻЩԺӽԶܽгΪذϴ
û뵽ذʦܶԴƿؾȻѴﵽزһֱǰ˲ʵ
ĽҲһĨЩذϴ߱ܡ
ذôɲ˵̫
ϫĮԴ赭дͱ֮⣬ǶذϴһֻӦ
һ̵ÿһ缡Ȼ籡ԣʮֲȻԡԣϺذϴ֣κβѹļ󣬷Եࡣ


1818 һ컯¯
ϫذϴ棬ϴ򵽵ϣִӵս֮ϣ˴˾ɱԲϺɢ
ҺǶħսΪһƬǿգսӡƣսܸǣսй
һսУƻʵˡ
䣡
ذϴӢЮ׵ϺɱƺͣѸףҫޱȡ
ò˵ذϴսΪɲһһĪ֮߱ǳϫ֮ͬһǿ֡
ϫòϣذϴʩչġӵв˼ܡ
ÿһιױգ촷ʱգɱʵʵĻ֮Ⱦƻмܵס
һǿֱӾͻᱻɱ궼촷𣬸޷֮
ڳУ𺧵ķǳϫı֡
ѾذϴΪԺӡӣսӹɵǿ䱾Ƿ֮λеʮǿڡ
ʶǶذϴʱչֳľֶβож𾪡
ɳϫͲͬˣУЩ޷һФ˵һĻںذϴսУȻܹƾУͥľ棬ֱǲ㲻Լ۾
Сӡδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ѵҲһλ֮еĸ
֮ĽΪۼΪڵΪҪذϴҪһȴܰ쵽һʵЩˡ
һϵĵ۾￪ڣоǺشһĨ͡
Ȼϫ֮ͨǰһϵб֣Ѳ֪Ӱıλ۾Ŀ
ʵֹλ۾ˣһҲòϣϫǿ޾ܹذϴȿ棬Ѱ
ΨǸɫȴһƬ࣬뵽ذϴֱ֣ҲδӮһս
Ǹļһ﾿Ǵðģ
ֺּޡ
ΨһǰĵǣսڳذϴδȡʤͬҲδܡ
ҲֻϣڽսУذϴܹһٶǬ
ôܣǼһǿ
ذʦѵʵ
Ļˣδ̫Ѳˡ
ЩԺӶüЩܻζû֮ǰĿ顣
Ȼʱǵذʦֲδܡ
ǣһϫȻܹϰʦս൱ǾЩ޷ܡ
һ֪ðĿһѣսϺذʦֲ
죬ȥ
Ľ򱡶ȷĴڣɫǰĮȻΨѴһ˿޷ȥ֮ɫ

Ƭ̺
Ȼ˾гЩԡ
˻һдһͷˮﲻˡ
ֻһСĿ֮ȴһӷӦȷЩԣ
һսذϴƲսҲǲϱǿÿһҪܳϫʱǱԷźۼػ
Щ̫ˡ
ذϴսȴκβóϫζţϫսͬҲսвϽе
ζţʼգϫδ¶ԼսҲֻذϴϼǿʱŻ֮һδͷųԼֶΣ
һ뵽⣬Щ۾жһ𾪣δ̫ɲ⡣
ħսеذϴȻҲʶһ㣬һͨӵݱء
һɲٲȻϫͷžУٲһ˿ĵӡ
ϫǲɽ¶ˮذϴ޷ȷļ޾
ذϴҲƵزһ˿¶ԼҪԸĸѰϵǿߣһ쳣ɲĶ֡
䣡
ذϴҳɣһͭ¯¯ȼ۽Ƶ磬ʢǬ񷣬ҫ˵˼¡
һ컯¯
һĪ鱦Ժ̺Żеһ֮ɱ֮֮׶ѷɫ
Ƶذʦܶ˴˱
ĽһһֱĮޱȵ˿޷ƽݲѡ
䣡
һ컯¯֮ذϴȻٴٲȻͬһλе׵۰㣬ɱ֮ء
ͭ¯𣬳ϫɱ
Ҫֳʤ𣿡
𺳣ذϴѴﵽ£һ޿ƥеΰˡ
ȻȻս˫֣¶ԳϫսţĿذϴǿɲʱҲһĨǡ
һ̣ȫ˶Ϣ񣬼˺ĿⶼǽͶڶħսУ۾һգգΨִκһϸڡ
ͬһ̵ĳϫȻһ˵ĹһĨζĻȻ֡
¾һļˡ
һ˲ϫǲ˷ӭȥȻһƬâһƬ֮ȣݺݳͭ¯ȥ
ˣ
һײ쳹
Ŀ࣬޷󣬳ϫȻҳֿȭһ컯¯Ӳһ
ǺȻǣذϴ۷ȫһϫǻȻ·磡
ôܣ
𶯣ͷƤһ顣
ֿȭԿһ컯¯ذϴζţսҪԶذϴһ
ˣˣˣ
һ̵ĳϫԵǿưԵ֮գһƱһͣһƱһưԵӲһ컯¯һ˭֮ˣڳ˶
ۣ
ڣذϴ͵һϫ̲סһѪɫȻ԰ס
ֹ˶
ϫ߳𣬽ն飬ˣƿ֮ڹҪɱʮأ
ã
Ľ͵ͫţޱȵâ
һɲֹЩ۾Ҳסһɫ䡣
ˣѱһԾס𺳵޷񣬴
ۣ
ذϴҲ̲סٴȳѪޱȣȾ͸գһҡѿ첻֧
죡
⡭ôܣ
δ̫ǿˣ
ȫһ˲ȻŴͣԲţԺӡӣλз֮ʮλذϴ˿̾Ȼбѹܵļ
ⳬǶš
ӡ˲ã
ϵ۾ǿ߸пҲأ𶯲ѣû뵽һԾУذϴǰʧ
ϫչֵսҲʵ̫ޣ
һԲĬĬ֮ˣ
Ľɫ޷򶨡
ЩԺӣɫòޱȡ
ãá
ȻгһһҲȻһƵʡ
ȻΪذϴͽʱأذϴȻѪͨޱȡ
˻ͷ˿һȦΣٿȻһͷޣ
ģȫˣľܲɫƤëƻȴɽһֻͫѪɫ°㣬ͷϳһԾ޴Ķǣ죡
꣡ʧ
ʩչѪеı֮
ǻȻ޲𶯡


1819 ȥ
꣡
һֺų̫Ŵ׵֣浮ڻУĴѪħ
ƻɽͨ帲ɫƤëӵһֻ̺׵Դ֮Ļɫǡ
ذϴһĺᣡ
໡
걾֮ذϴһ˻ƥͷţֱҪ¡
ٿȻϫɱȥٶ̫죬ʱӲ˺һֱѷ졣
ϫУָƥ貽⣬ɱͷֺ̫ᡣ
أ
µ꣬Ƥëâ绡Ȼϫһȫ𵴿
˴󾪣֮ǰϫѹŤתƵܡ
𣡡
곤˻𶯣Ƭħսڲڡ
ƺˣѪеı׼ӵŻص׺֮ܡ
ǿɲĺǽսⲻǿߵĶĤѣȥ⻹սϸŷƣȻĻֻ»Ϊء
Ʒչһò˶𺳣û뵽ذϴӵѹ׵ֶΡ
ߣ
ϫȻ䣬ѴسһٽⳡսԷپȥ
жһ͵쳹ڶħսС
ذʦܣɡ
ĮȻǹĽˡ
˿ޱ飬磬ȻȴһԵơ
ȫ˶һ㶣£ĽΪҪֹһսѵذϴ
δ̫ˡ
Ϊذϴͬһͣ¶תͷ­ѪͫĽȥ
Ľȴǲٶԣذϴ
á
˵һذϴѻָҲϫһۣת뿪Ƕħս
ָֻһͨģκһ˿ɱɫ԰ף˻ɸղ׺ƥ꣬Ƿ
ذϴһӶħսأˣһԺӣɫԶЩӡ
ذϴδװܱɴʱ뿪ս֣Լϫˡ
ȴԴҲ벻ףΪԺӣľʹ䣿Щϰ
ֹǣЩԺӶЩףĽΪҪһһ
ϧĽδԴ˽ʲô
ذϴԼ˳սʱҲһĿңңսеĳϫϡ
òϣչֳսѳҵԤһУɲδ
ĽĬƬ̣
˵գתȥ
ߡ
ͷҲص뿪
ЩԺӼˣ΢΢һ֮Ҳæϡ
ô㲻дһ
˭룬ϫȴǵȻڣǹĽսǲʹ˰֡
żȡ弫ٰ۵ȿʼʱ֮еǻд裬ʱһһĴ𰸡
˶㣬ĽĮڣʼնδס
ৣ
δ£ѴһԺӻʱնȥ
ˣϫ۾
أЩţĽǾ˵߾ˣ
ǸӼˣɫȴһ˼£ޱȣؿڶһ
ǹĽǴ˴ԺʹߣҪϴɺģȻƻһУ
ܵˣ

ʦ֣ǡˣ
뿪Ф̲סڣ͸żȵĲʡ
֮ǰϫѹڵأĿ֮¶棬ǲľ뿪
Ľԣڳ˼ʲô
ʦ֣˵ΪذʦֲǼһĶ֣
Фˣס׷ʡ
˻һʱԺӵĿأҲɻ
˴Ҵ뿪ԵЩ̫ǱȥֹǶذϴһŶЩԺӣԺҲŲСĴ
޷̵ġ
սȥҲ塣
Ľüջ̾˿ˣʼǼһûжκα
һݣʱԼ׹Ϊ֮ذʦսŤתƣȴˣһϫ׷ĳֱ֮ͬҲսøΪǿ
ʼգذϴһֱڳĬδԹĽĻȻҲһ㡣
ĽȴЩԺ޷ܡ
ǹʦأ
ʵ
˵
ĽãĮƴȫĻսʤԷİգһֱ޷ȷϣǼһ﾿˶ʵ£ǲΪס
Ľ˵ЩԺӳԣһ˪ƵģĬȻ
һ֪ðļһȻĽЩԲ͸Էͣδ̫ˡ
ǿԺӣܹĴ
ΪпɬǣֱǾȻϫ˭
Ӧþɽϫ
ȻһֱĬذϴڡ
һ仰ЩԺ͵һϫȻǼһ
ҲôΪ
ĽԵúƽȻҲƲ⵽һ㣬ǷǳϫȻȥμһ弫һٰ۵ȵģʱԻ֣֮
ȻвǵȻҲ˵ϫ֣ΪԷɽ״ӣǴѩСʦܣ
ǰЩ긦һ֣˸ע⣬ͬΪ弫֮һԺеĵӣȻҲԴжš
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ϫȻȴлҪǿ̫࡭
Ǵ˴κϺ£
ذϴüڡ
ʹգҲӦע⵽ԶǸƥٳٲ̬ɲðһпǳϫļһǼȥǿҲá
˵⣬Ľü䷺һĨɭȻϣպ󲻻˶ڣ
УǲƵشһĨ塣

ˣ
ڹĽ뿪֮󲻾ã޷еķŭеúһȴһƻֱǲϷˣ
ìͷһ˲ֱָϫȥ
ѾҲá
ü
ȷѾ޷أ´˴ûκϣԺȴҪƻµ˸ۣЧȣպԺǹǺ˭ܳе𣿡
ҲǱ̼һӻ̲סȣĿ˳ϫһֱ޲ýǧеģ
˻һǻò˵ͬȻϫ֮ǰȻͷսҲޱȣ֤䲻֮
ȴΪԺʹ߷ȥƻϺԺ֮ĺҲΪ
ϫû뵽£Ǹ˾Ȼ쭣һìͷָԼ
һҲһ˿
磬Σ
üͷ
£ԺãԺ½⣬Ȼٺòˡ
ڵȴ仰ԥڵ
ô졣
һ԰ӸͲѡ
⸸˾ǵһ̣أԵźԺ飬ʵϫеһͿЦ


1820 
ǸӽìͷָϫԸӸҪϫ£ԺãغԺĺУ˶ųĬ
ȻҲԥ岻
Ψ̬Դ˱ǿҵķԣͬƺδöֵ֧
ˣȻҲüŭҲȥҵҪ˭ô
˻һɫһȻ֮ǰΪĺ֣Ѿ׵ԺʹߣѵҪȥ𣿡
Ȼ֮겢ʲôٲѻֽޣĿɲֹһˣϣе𣿡
Ҳúȳ⣬ҪȻͳϫֽޡ
ֻ֪ղǳϫҿ类ǱȵüԺˣ
Ȼ˪ͶԷͬޱȵķŭ
һǺ죬ĿԲȷˣû뵽ʱǾȻֵ޳ܣȻҪ³ϫԺ½⣬δҲ̫֡
ϫ
ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ϫ
һֱĬԵ֮Զһ̣ٿȻһĨζظ㡣
ϫ
ҲȻһ仰еġϫ֣סɫһЩš
ȻȻڤ粻飬ﲻȵϫ˭ձҪ
˵⣬͵ʶʲô͵һʧϫĸϫ
ϫòǸɽ״Ӱɣ
Ҳһŵ
һʱ֮䣬ȫžֻʣԸǳžɵؼصš
ͬʱеĿⶼˢˢأڶħսеĳϫϡ
ɫ죬𺧡Ȼɡһ㡣
˭˺Ժԣ
һĻȻʱףҲıҪԴؿǸӣĽΪذϴǳϫĶ֣ȥЩȴƫƫģʵЦ
һ仰ȳ˳ϫݣŶ˽ڿ࣬һ˽Զɫӣò
˭뵽һȻɽ״ӣ
ǣɫһһף׻㣬˶
֮ǰԺʹ߹Ľһ˻ûִʱԶһһ׵Ϣ
ЩϢ޲ͳϫйء
նɱҶϺҶ㡢նɱ϶ɵ۾һˡ
ޱ۾ĴΪ˱ҲϧȻɱ̩۾һ˺̫Ͻ̵񽫣һУ޷Ϊάϫİȫ
ֱǸ˵ɽѩ֣һɱ̫ϽʥĦ٣
ʱһϵϢʱǸҲ𺳣Ϊ಻ѡ
˭뵽ޱȣҪµǸˣȻǳϫ
һʱ֮䣬ԸӸоڱһƹԴЩ£˶ˡ
ɽ״ӳϫ
ѩʦܣ
Ǹҵģ
һ̣˵óϫˣ︸ֱ޲һطȥû취˾ʵ̫ѿƿֲ֮࣬һĨ̿֡
һ뵽֮ǰΪֺԺӣɽ״ӣԸӶһĸо
簡磬ǰʯͷԼĽš
̾ϢȴЩζ
ɫѿȴѸ޷
磬ȥɡ
գԶڣЩĿ︸Ӷѿȥ
ҡ
ɳƿڣȴֹȻһ̾ת뿪
У˿̵ıӰȴЩζ˽סͬ顣
ڴˣϫδ׷Ҳ޷׷ףϾ˼ˣȻĴ󲮣Ҳüƽ̫ࡣ
ܹ⸸ӶǱȥѾͬĬ˴󣬵ԵЩܿɹ

Զ˶ħսصУһɢ뿪ֻʣ˳ϫȻˡ
Ǻǣ˲𣬹Ȼɽ״ӡ
Զ֮ǰĳĬԣŴкԼŮڶĳϫε̾
ǰˡ
ϫЦЦ
ʵϷ֮ǰԼµֶݣȴǳٳٲȷʶЩ㣬¡
һ̵ԶԵú̹Լ֮ǰ֮ԹۣҲΪ޷϶ϫݡ
⡣
ϫȴǺԶ̬ȷת䣬һΪԼȻϵҪȴΪԼɽ״ӵݡ
ϷȴЩշ֮£ϷԸ⿴ҲҺֶڣϻһΣϷ治֪ξܾԺ˴εҪ󡣡
ԶȻ̾Ϣ
ϫһʱԭԶϣκҪԺԸ
ܹλ峤ΪѣҲɼԺĴڣ˺εȴѹ
ףѾҲΪ˾ˡ
Զ̾ȻŮĲЩв̡
ȷˣȴΪ£óϫ䵱ϵĵƣеԺЩӣпʵЩⲻȥ
Զü
ϫԶǷǣԼ֮ǰֶԷЩԺӡ
Ȼ֮ǰ֮ôȫǰȻͷǷ˹ĽһˣɸͲں
ȻˣʹӦϫһ£͵ˡ
ȻһЦ
Ŷʲô£˵ֻҪܹ쵽ģ޲Ӧ֮
Զ۾һȻӦʡ
£ȻѳϫϵĿĺг
ǰ޼ôǼ򵥡
ԶһУסԴֵؿȻһۣԥӦ
ȻԼֵ񿴵ûһȴζʲôסһɻ
ǿɾͶлǰˡ
ϫ½ҲǰһЦŹָл
ֶˣȻȻѣǾͲˣԺǽϷ򲮸ɣ
ԶЦ

ϫҲЦˡ
ȻˣҲлϲϫܹø׵ϿɣȻҲΪˡ
ˣϫʱ̣
һԵѯ
ǿԣڱ뿪
ϫ
Ϊż
Ȼһ
һ·ϵ˲ˣֻ׷ɱңʵڴ˾ˡ
ϫҲʵش𣬡ֻлصţŻὫһг׻⡣
ˣȻԶԶٶȰΪڳϫЩˣԼϵȷ޷˳ϫȫ
ȻˣϷ㲻ֶϷǰ
£Զ𣬴ųϫȥΪ뿪
ȻҧҧӣҲ׷ȥ


1821 
ˡ
ȻһɬĲһͷµȻѹ
ܵĵڳһƳʢԣƴ
ԼԼоʥ̾𣬻صʮء
Ҷ֮ǰǰ㣬ȴѰԶͬԺʱգͨǧ˵Ī⣬
Ҳֻȵۺޱȵĵ򶥼Уܹٳȴ
л
ϫУл
ֶؿպϾǰ̻ʱϷ򶨵ɨԴ
⣬ԶˬʴЦ
Ȼ
ϫЦ˵ʱĿȻȻڣء
ȥμǵ弫ٰ۵ʱһȥΪġ
Ȼ˵ˮϴһĨЦ⣬Դ֮価ף
ϫЦЦͷԡ
ֶء
ԶЦһ
ˡ
һ̣ԱŽֱ󷢳һһйڳʱû˳ϫӰӡ
ˡ
Ȼૣзӿֳһ˿
Ȼ㾿ǳϫʲôϵ
ˣԶ̲סʵ
ʲôʲôϵ˵ʲô
Ȼһɫ䲻ӿһ˿ľɫɿڡ
㰡
ԶȻһۡ
һ̾Ȼ֮ǰʱһΪǳϫ˴ǰϣˣͷϹˡ
Ȼʱѣϼ˫գκ죬յףһߵСŮģ
ҿЦġ
ԶЦִ󲽶ȥ߱й棬˵ܺɽӽΪ£Ǹã
߽ԶȻУȴߺˣԺȴϫӰçŻʱһ¼
һʱ
ֱãȻŻعĪ̾˿ԳһЦҡͷѡ
ǺãϧѽǼһ˼ɴûڶŮ鳤ϡ

ʱתתƣһع½Ť󲻶Ұи֣ǡƸӰ
һյʱ
һȻʧϫֻһһ̱һƬİޱȵǿС
Ӧþ޼ˡ
ˣϫסһһɡ
뿪̫۵ڣŹȥʱ䣬ʱУһδ׷ɱһֱһֽ״̬
Ҳֱִ޼ų׷仹ûеִɽУȴѱ̤ʵ
ûгɣϫóʦѩһ
žһΪ׷ɣٿȻճһƵͨ
ȻӦǷеһֿռ乵֮ͨ
ϫ΢΢һЦһ̧̤֮ͨС

ɽ弫֮һ
ϹٲȻͬһֻϴڡ
Ů洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺɽص͵һš
ԹϹܹɽ˳䣬ɸɽһɴ
ӹɣϹӴУÿ䣬ȻܹɽӰ
ҲˣɽŵԴ£֪
ȻҲֻ֪ɽֶѣɽĴУڵأӵжˣȴֻм
֮޵ߣ񶼲ɽĵж
ˡ
±ǨַƲŽȥһ˲ϫֻǰһһɽǰ
ɽ۾㣬նֱ֮⣬ͨڣǧϼ
ʵ̫߾Ʋ֮⣬ǰƾС֮С
ǳϫһĻʱҲһ˿𺳡
ﵽȾ磬һۿɽӵһɡˡƣƽϽԶڴˣΪȻȺ
ɽϹڵô
ϫһע⵽ֻһɽȴһ磬ӵ޼֮ռ䣬һУֻ·ʧҲ·ɡ
ͳϫġ̫Է񣬽ԶȻ⡣
ֺǲͬΪܹ֪Ϣڡ
ڴεҪףͷһԴ֮ذ㣬ޱȣЩ˼顣
ܹٳһڣԿǹ񹤣ӵ컯֮
ӹɣɽ
һɫʵɽһ˾η޵ʥأ
ãϫջĿ⣬ľԻָƽ
ǰԶһ۵ССľި̦̾ᣬһ꺱ҩУ籡񾫣ꡣ
ϫ˫ָ̧Сϣһ·ϣʱܹ̾ᣬȪϪȣ滨ݵ׺УҰֲǷ羰续ĿԶ
УԾ֮УƳȻ׼ֱҪ˷ȥʹΪ顣
ȷ̫Ƿ
ֱ̫oܾ֮أɼ֮ˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫɽ·ϣȻһԶԶɽϴ
̸ֻʱģѲ֮УöãԻǰϿɣΪͽ
£³ˣõǰϿɣ߱ĵģδЦһЩ
ƽ㲻ִһִˮƼֻ沨ǰ׿˵ġ
ϫȻ۵
ǰͿһɽһƺƺϹҶѻţһٲ㴹£ɽƵˮϤӿһ̶С
Ǳ̶һ࣬ӰԶǴ꣬һ£ͷһҶɣŨüۣ˰أ͸һɱ
һͷ٣ݰף棬һɫȣͬǷ
ϫһȥʱͿı壬ǰһߵıһơ
֮꾹ؼ䵮
һɣһƣȻڴ۵⵹Ȥˡ
ϫȻʧЦϳԸոɱˣΪ̸϶ѵÿɹǣǸ޲͸Ⱦ츳ҲΪɫ
磬ѳƵһ츳ѵĺˡ
λѣΪηЦѵ˵ô
ͷ٣ݰ׵꿪ڣȻҲע⵽˳ϫȴƺԳϫﲢеȡ
˵ĶԣִִܳǱҵģ
ϫڵ㲦һ䡣
λ˵ļǣ֮У³ˡ
һˬЦ
ȷҴˣɶлָ㡣
µһȻϫȭлԵú
֪ϴȻŭ֮⣬ȻɣóϫҲЩȣԿʵѵá


1822 ʦ
һƽһ£Զǵؼ壬Ǵѡ
óϫϷ棬ǽԶɽӣ
ǡ
ҡͷͬ
ϣгһܹǰ¡
ƽ˵Ŀдϣ
ԣǰ˺ܺãʱɽָУЩڴɽе壬ܵǰָ㣬ǿǣҵУĸ㡣
ҲڣоǷĵľĽ硣
棿ɽӣ
ϫʵ
ԣǰĵӡ
ƽͷ
ϫɻˣǰ˭
㾹֪ǰһλΪ뻯ޱȵĸˡ
ƽЩ죬û뵽ϫȻǰû˵
ҵȷϵ˭
ϫԭΪɽгԼ֮⣬ֻдʦѩʦƺʦᣬʦҡʦֲͼʦٵȵʮλӡ
˭룬ԼִɽʱȴƺԼ˽Ĳһ
桢㡭˭
ѣ㲻ϵǰܸϵǰɣ
̲סڵ
У
ϫʱЦʶ̲ס˭
ºƽһۣԶ˵ˣǻûаɽ֪ޣƽʱֻǰҲżŵ㡢е֣ٶǾͲˡ
ϫˣ֪ʲȻǼ۵ȸˡ
˵ţϫжɽ·ϡ
ֽס㣬üëŤͷʵλС磬ѵͲ˭
ʵϫе˼ǣǼһİ˳ɽͲҵɽϣ᲻ԼʣѵͲǸˣ
ֻȻƽ£Զûʶϫеκ塣
˽Զһ¶֮ɫƽǸǸҶһֱδɽ̫öڣʵմ
ϫˣʱһ̾ϫ
˵գٳɣɽ·ϡ
ϫ
ڳϫ뿪ãƽʲôɦͷɻҺ˵֡
žһȴ͵һĶͷеˣǰǰЩż˵һλСʦЩҪˡ
ԶԶԣǰеλСʦͽгϫ
ƽҲӦȻ
ѽû뵽֮ǰҾõ˳ϫǰָ㣬µ컯
ϲ˵
Һôڲ׹֪ǳϫǰҾ͸óûֽһЩؾ
ƽض㣬Ǻڵ񵹺ãʧһᣬҲ֪Ժܷϫǰˡ
ԶĿɽ·֮ϣ¶һĨź
ֻɽϵ壬ɽӣʶҲûԵ̤ɽ֮ϵġ

ûãɽһƬУа뵣޳ûУʱһԽ䣬׿ԶĿ
˿̣һϥУֱ࿡ţüһصĻࡣ
ʱüͷǰ棬רʲôأ૲ѡ
ľʶϢȻȴ壬ΪˣҪںһﵽܶʼĵزɸǺá
ͨϣڣȴȱһƣվȱһϡ
һλϫУȴƾһϤĸо̲ס̤ǰĿһɨȻͷ֣Ǻǰϣ̻һܻɬͼ
£֮ƣ巽ΪԲ֮γһ񹂴
񹂣ľ񹂡׵۽񹂡ۻ񹂡ڵˮ񹂡Ƶ񹂣
񹂳ϫָƣʱڻͨܲϵã
Ŀȥȴǿݵ񹂣俴һȱɣɱ˴ȴ޷ںϣγѭһ֮ơ
ҲǺ˼ڡ
Ӧеһˡ
ϫ˼һ۾ͿǺ꾹Ҳһ䱾һƵؼһơ桱ƿػ츳ʳȺ
޵ΪʵӵڵΪ
ѭ֮˽֪޲߱УҪںϿʵЩѣʦڵķſɲûдѵҲ򲻵䷨
Ǻüͷ壬ڤ˼룬ૣǻȻûвϫ
ˣϫס˵ˣȴڷԷ֮ãԳǱĲ񹂵ķİأһһ͸ȻøμԦУʹ֮ѭܶʼ
Ǻ׻㣬͵һã𽥱
԰ô˷֮
һĴȣϲ
ʶʲô͵طӦע⵽˳ϫĴڣæ𣬵лָ㣬ʵǣ
ϫЦ³ϫ
ԭǳϫѡţȵȣ˵ǳϫ
˵ţȻʲô۾һһ˼顣
ϫ˵ͷȴ֣ѵԼĳֺ˳Ծɣ
ͿǺ͵һ񣬵棬ݼʦ棡
ʦ棡
ϫʱסһڵļһȻԼʦ棿
ȷɽϫ㶼һϴˡ
һƺҲóϫȷɽԼ˽ƺһ
ʵһҲԣҲֻ֪ʦѩʮλʦʦ㡣
ɶһ֪
棿
ϫԼ侲һ£ſڡ
ʦ˵ӣ
澪ȵ
֮ǰɽʱСһ㡣
ϫЦЦȴ㣬涼ԼΪʦ棬ʦǵóƺԼʦ壿
Լı֡ƺһӱ̫˰ɣ
ԭʦ˵ƽСһ
ȻԴ˷֮ܵǰҪлʦָ㣬˵һ˼⡣
ⲻʲôûҵָ㣬ƾԷ裬ò˶ҲȻԲһ㡣
ϫڵ˵ĵʵ˼ʱ㿪ʼ񹂣ʱֻÿ̻еķƣ޷ӳ֮һܡ
Ҳڵִɽ֮󣬲񹂵һЩΰշŽ񹂵һһ͸
ϫҲڳΪ񾳴ں󣬷ܹ׷ӳ񹂵ܡ
϶ԣǰܹڷϲһѾܲˡ
ȻϾһ񾳴ڣڷϵͳϫһȣԵԶԶˡ
ˣôˣϫʦǵһηţǰЩѩʦǵִɽȥƺʦ棬ʱƺʦԻһС
ȻʲôЦ˵
ƺʦ֣
Ϥ֣ϫеһЩɻҲһɨգЦǾͼҴ·ˡ
æֵʦĪҪ˿ǵӦġ


1823 
ɽ·ۣѶϡ
·ϣϫҲǴ˽⵽ɽľڽеɻ
ԭɽ֮ʦλԴӷǰƮȻ뿪֮󣬱λϹŶɽС
Ƿֱǡ˴͡ŵ桱Ϊɲ⣬Ǻɽ֮ͬһʱڵĴڣǻʯϹŶ
ˡ˴ŵˣҲΪ
ЩҲλ򣬼ɽ֮ƮȻȥ٣Ҳ˸Сɽˡ
λϹŶһֱչأڲ֮ǷʣǶȻֵġ
棬ʦŵһĴˡ
ʦ㣬ʦУеʦʦŵ档
֮ŵһĵӡ
ҲΪγƺϫΪʦԭڣΪձ㣬ϫɽ֮һĵһ״ӡ
ֵһǣɽУһϳϫڣֻʮ״ӣ޸ӡ
˴һûͽȻûκδˡ
ΨŵһֹӵӣÿһӵĿԶ٣ɽеĿһ
ϸͳ㣬ֻгϫʦֵʮˣɽϵߡ
ŵһֻ֧
˽һУϫ׹ɽԭԼǰ򵥡
ҲΪɽᱻΪ弫֮һԭɽ֮Уе˴ŵȻʯϹŶ
ֹˣɽеҲҪĶ࣬ȻҲζţɽȱе۷ˣ
һУɶǳϫ֮ǰδ֪ġ
ͬ˽һУҲóϫһ˽ɽĵڡ
ʵҲ̫Ͻ̣еӡ洫ӡϡۼ롢ʥĻ֣һȻ
ԺִɵӡеӡӡӡͳϵȵȲΣͬǵȼɭϡ
ԱȣɽӵϵҲͺƾʦֵʮˣһƮȻȥ֪ٵɽ֮ˣʲôļˡ
Ȼ϶ԣɽЩ޷̫Ͻ̡ԺӵȻȡ
ϫȴӵеĿĶ٣޷Ӱһǿ
ͺñһӵӵţҲƴӵʮ񾳵ӵˡ
ɽ̫Ͻ̡ԺѿϹȻԲȥԱƴĿĶˡ
֮ɽĿ٣ÿ߱ܣԳ
νھˡ

ʦ棬ϱɽصأΪ޷еģһʾʦǰݼƺʦ档
һȻ㣬˵
Ҳá
ϫ˵ͷнˣҲע⵽ɽһɻɬĽȻӿ֣ӯÿһС
ʣȻУȴĸеһѹ
ճϫݣԼܣֻн˶ãҲܲסˡ
ųϫǰУûãһƺϡ
ƺռزǧɣ̸̣ɫңһֻֻѤѷУһ໹һɫŵé®
é®ǰһϪ˿һͷ쵴Ϫ֮ϣβͶŪһֻɫС
éǰһʯʯһˣ轻̸
ʯ࣬һŮӣڷ˳ʣţһһһȻ̡֮
ԶԶȥȴһΰ֮ļ¡
ŮӶģһߣͯպ׷ɷǣһƵ£ƼΪˡ
Ǳʦ㣬ʦ޸ĸһ¶ʦֻʦ׿ڰġ
ԶԶأŮӣһĨĵľηĽ֮ɫϫ
һλȴǲϵãǰݷʦˡ
ϫ˵ͷȴǰԾѣһ۾Ϳ㾹һλ۾ڣ
棬㲻񹂣ʱǰΪΣ
ȻŮŤͷȻƳһ棬ѯ
ѣͽ棿ȻǺøǣ˵ǵڱڤ֮Ԩеһơɫ桯õΣָУԺ;
еڣɷǵİͳ
ˣʱǰˡ
ܳϫݣǰ߾־￪ڵףСһ˭ڣֱǿ
Ŀâ磬ųϫþӣüѴһĨɫ
ҲĿ˳ϫȴİǴδ
棬λС˭
ʵ
ʦλЩһֱδʦŵʦϫ
æܵ
ϫ
һȻԴɵϸӳϫãһ㣬ʦ塣
һλ۾ڣ˿ȴϫ񣬿ڳơСʦ塱
һĻǰ߾ûһ۵һвˮ˳Դεϫֵ˼֮ǰʧˡ
Ϊ֮ǰƺϫСһǸ
ް
ϫЦЦҲЩĸоû뵽Լһ۾Ůʦֶ
Ӳ֪ʦշأʧԶӭʦ庣
ȴһӦģκִһλ۾ܹ쵽һʵĺܡ
ؿˡ
ϫסЦоⱲһߣ˵Щˡ
ˣͷʦ壬λǵԺϷ㣬ƺš۾
˵ţֳǰ߽ܵѣǳϫʦ壬ʦ˵ĵʮλ״ӡ

۾ȴη֣ǰձ㣬Ϊˣóƺϫһǰ
Щв
ԭǵԺĸˣؾ౲֣ԵƱǡ
ϫЦǺ׶ԷԴȵľ
˵Ǻһλ۾ƽ׽̣ҲԵЩռˡ
Ȼ۾ɲôΪ˿Ҳףǰ˾Ȼɽ֮ȡĵʮ״ӣпʵһѡ
ϫκưҲǰһЦãá
˵ţǣҲ
ϫѣлᣬϣܹԺ͡
ǰ۾ͬϫЦǱ
һ
ϫҲЦ
ֱĿ۾뿪ųϫЦʦ壬Щ¿ɶһֱڵȺ
ϫвӿһĨůҲֻзɽ˲ŰԼˣָоȷƽʱ᲻ġ
£ϫԸ㣬ǰݼʦƺ
ʦ
㵹ûе飬±ųϫɽߴȥ
棬ѷɽ¡


1824 ʮ
ɽʱ·ȴѻһλŮ۾һһڳƺԼΪʦ壬óϫӦ˺ܾã̹ȻһС
磬ԺԡѡƣУȴִǣݲһ˿ء
Ϊ۾ڣڳϫǰҲԵӱԾˡ
ϫǣɲѰ۾ڣһλǵ۾ֻһ߱ͻƾǵ۾εǿߣ
磬һλ߳ƵĴ
ʦУһλĿֲڣ
д˱֪ɽежວˣǲԻ˱
һ룬ʵ⵹Ҳ
ʦѩǵΪʦŵ״ӣܹҲ֮С
ޱ۾ܵʦѩ㲦Կ羳ϣزΪе״ӣԲܲˡ
һ·ϣϫеҲ˽⵽ٶ
ŵ£״ʮеһںܾ֮ǰ
ŵһϵĶУҲһӣ£ʮˣλе
ӣǾ͸ˡ
ֵһǣʦŵŮʱȴǰΪʦ
Υ֮ȴŵķԸԭҲֻŵԼˡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪н˶ãȻһεѹ֮糱ˮӿóϫһϡ
ৣ
һӣʢܻΪһĨҫ۵Ĺ⣬ɨȥ˲Ϣ㽫һѹ֮⡣
ʦ壬ɽصأΨе۾Ϊĵӷܹ̤㣬ԺȻɽн֮Ҳںˡ
һ䣬ųϫǰС

һ·ϣϫŷ֣ɽȷ̫߾Լߵɽ·ֻһѡ
һ·ϣ˲ֹһеؾĽͣЩؾԶͬһЩʦֵǱ֮ء
һЩͳӣȴδЩؾУɽһƬС
ʦƺɽһޡ
һ
ڵִɽۡ
ֻƺǳƣ޾ԣɽȾʥ嫣׳ޱȡ
ڴˣһɽСµζ
¡¡
һӲӵٲԾ֮£ư磬ٲȻɴޱȵĵ
֮󣬱仯ΪһɢɽϣԵǷ
ϫһֻӿڣһͨ͸ڣֱҪƮȻȥУǸо˵ĿԶ̩
ڴУԿ𵽲˼Чˣ
ڴˣѳɶ칤֮ˣҪ쵽һΪ붼Ҫڵɡ
ϫо̾пѡ
ӵִɽٵ˿̵ɽۣ;ĿõһУóϫʶԼڵǺε֮Ȼ
Сʦܣˣ
أһޱȵĴЦƲ㣬оϲ
£ϫʱо˱סһֺֻݺԼĴ˼£óϫѪһڡ
ģϫʱҲЦˣЦòȻޱȣЩҲδһǰ˹
ֻ˿۾ֹͭɫ򢣬һ˫ʦƺ˭
ʦ֣
ϫڣ֣ѵ˿еļ
Ȼͺá
ƺЦпƵشųϫԭҴǰȥ㣬ȴʦһֻû뵽ʦֳҲ⵽һЩ⣬ֱŵִţЩꡭʵίˡ
ʦ֣Щҿɿĺܣ̸ʲôί
ϫЦ
ʦֵܶ˽̸㲻΢΢һЦȻתȥ̴ʦֵܶˡ
ߣʦҲѵȺʱˡ
ƺ˵ţʹϫɽһȥ
ʦֻˣ
ϫȵ
ɱĦ϶֮ڷص·;ϣ㱻̫ϽסҺõ˴ʦ弰ʱűһ١һΣʦֿðյĺܣҶû뵽ɱĦ١
ƺпˣʦȴյٵƣҲˣ汻̫Ͻ֣ʵ롣
ϫ𺳣û뵽ڴʦɱ̫ʥĦ֮󣬾Ⱦޱȵ顣
ΪĦٵ̫Ͻﶼŭ֣֪һ䣬ɵӰε֮
Ϲ򣬱Ȼһ󲨲ɣľƱý
Ͼ˴̫ϽʥĦ䡢ɽѩˡ̫Ͻɽʦ˴ﶼ֣ɵӰԳˡ
Сʦ㲻ؽţ»ûеҵʱ򡣡
ϫһüģƺȻʧЦο̫Ͻٺ޴ʦ֣ҲϲɽҰˡ
ϫʱһЦЩ̫ģҲɲ˼롣
̸֮ʣһ츣С
˶˵ϣУһС
ֻԶس룬һɽεضϪˮ׺УʱѤݰӹһ䣬ֱһƬ͡徲׵Ϣ
һ̲ĺϣһԴͤ
˿̣׷ɫĴѩͤУִһͣ

ϫƺִʱѩеһһ͵һͷͨѩףԼĪƴС
֮ףһԭСʦĸ֡
ѩȻһЦ˦ֶУЦſϫ
ʦ֡
ϫ֡
ɡ
ѩ˻֣ͤаһʯһƺ«Լϫƺһơ
ǰһֱδ³̸պòطһԵһʦֵȸһ
ѩٱˬЦ
ҿҲһܾˡ
ƺƱϫСʦܣǴʦġʮơ˲֪꣬ѰҶȲһڣοմĹⰡ
Ŷҿɵúúóˡ
ϫЦţҲƱ
£ʦֵ˾ٱ¸ʮ౭ƣǳ졣
⡰ʮơҲ֪ɺεɣζƻѩΪأķ㣬ܽ͸
ʮ౭ϫ͸оһ̣һɹɷȵůӿ룬¡¡ϴϫĵΪҲǵõ˽һȹ̣ƾϵļ󣬾궼ڻõһĪ档
ϫæһѹסֽĳ嶯ڿɲǽԲ
ʱѩҲ˾ƺ«ЦСʦĪҪŽɳʮ֮ãʦֵұȥһطڵ;ͻơ


1825 ֻ
˴ʦֵһϫʱһǴݺѹȥ
ƾ󡣡
ʦƺЦ϶һ޶𣬾ƾһЩҲȻġ
ʦѩ΢΢һЦȻʵСʦܣ㷵ŵʱԤҪһЩ·;Ϸʲô⣿
ϫЦһͷʦ˵Ĳ
˵ţһ·ϱ׷ɱг֮Ҳκ
Ҷϡϡ̫Ͻ̣ǺǣҲʶд佫ʼֳıˡ
ƺЦһﾡ֮⣬Ǻȴ޶˶˸Сʦ㣬浱ɽˣұɽȥʰһ
ѩֵĪҪ£ھƲʣɽɻõƱøΪӡ
˶٣ο֮ǰɱĦٵ̫ϽֻѺ޵ҪʱɽһϣЩء
ƺȻһЦΪȻֻɱһĦٶѣ̫Ͻ̿ɲֹһλʥ롣
ϫвЦоʦֻǰȻ̫Ͻʥ붼Уǿһλڰ
ѩֱӺƺԴǣ˼ޱ۾㲻ҵָС
ˡȷ
ϫãջǳϣޱ۾֮ʱǷԼ˴վǰԼ˲ΪѣҲǹڹ
ҹƣޱ۾һֻ֮ɺѿ֮Ͼһǣ֮϶ԣڵ۾л۵ĵ̣ԲһЩ
ѩСʦܣоΰޱ۾ɽУǷУ
ϫһȻû뵽ʦ־Լ̸ȴ¡
룬˵ʦУʦκ
Ǻá
ѩЦЦἰ˻⡣
ϫȴԼ׹ʦʣҲǵԼн٣޷ԭޱ۾
Լͬ⣬ʦֿ϶չԼĸܣӶ뷨
ǣϫɲǽƽϵ֮Ļôʦ
ʦּȻǽޱ۾УȻıϫɲ£Ϊһ֮˽ƻʦֵĲ֡

СʦܣӦ˵һɡ弫һٰ۵Ȱɣ
ţѩһתת˻⡣
˵
ϫͷ
Ǿͺãһʱ䣬ʱ䣬һ۵Ⱦͽٰ죬ʱԻᰲȥμӡ
ѩЦᣬɽԲܴˣǳɹСʦԺ֮У̤֮Ҳ⡣
ʦ֣˻
ϫһ
̫۹ûиϹѾܾúܾûٳֹµˣҲζţ޵Ҫ۾ӵ֮λͻѣϣ
ʦѩһΪֹҲΨֻǻŵУܿٳµ磬λץסԺ󡭡Ҫɾ֮λɾ˵ˡ
ϫ𶯣͵Լǰһ۵ȵƲ⣬ʱףһε弫ٰ۵ȣȻǻŵйˡ
Ȼһѩ˵۵ȵĿģǴӵ弫ѡγһӣŵأµ磬һλᣬСʦҪץסˡ
˶٣ЦȻɽֹһ˲μӣʱҰžС
ϫ˵ͷ
۾ͳɾ֮λȫͬĸ
̫ʱλ˵۾ıȡ֮λĻᣬı֮λȴÿ۾ܰ쵽ġ
ԭһ֮ϣ
ӵС̸֮Ψ;ܹ쵽
һֱǶȡϹϵġַ֮³˵ģֹأҼܹá֮ЧҲǲ⡣
ʶںʱͱϫų
ڶ취Ƕȥһµ磡
ַͬһ⣬ǾǾΪֹϹУܹٳĵطѱϷһգΨֻʣǻŵһ
ؼǣŵؿǴ֮أܱǣԹ˸Խ׳һǵȴڣΪж٣һɵ³
ҺãЩǻŵܸǵĽ˥࣬ȫƾȥͨһеĵ·
⣬һľѻᡣ
ϫѳף弫˴μٰ۵ȵĿģѡγһӣǻŵУȥıһ磬ɾ֮еĴԵ
ʦ֣˴ɱĦٵҵһ۵ʱ̫Ͻ̲ưոݰ
ƺȻڵ
صģȱɽƾ̫Ͻ̡ԺŮ洹ԺķǶȻԴͨһŵصĵ;ģȾ£̫Ͻ̾ƲҺΪˡ
ѩѿǵһ㣬˼Ȼ֮ĲɣʱǶһЩ׼ӡ
ƺȻʦаţǾòˡ

ڽУϫҲ˽⵽ԭʦᡢʦҡǣڱչس۾
ϫʵɻ󣬴ʦѩӵеΪʦʦ϶ԣȴ̫ԶδԵЩ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ʦŵһĶ㣬ɶӵаǵ۾Ϊˣ
ѵ˵ʦһӶ磿
ڴˣѩһܺĽͣɽ֮ϹУֻӣǱѩҡ
ѩҡ֮⣬ȥĶӼŵˣƺĵˣԶǷ˺ͽܡ
ҡ֮λе壬ΪΪ;ȱʶǰ磬ֻת´;
ҡ½ɽʱնǰҵϣѺǰ޹ϸ𣬹ʶλе塣
֪һУϫų׹
أ벻׵ǣɽ֮˵ΪҪطУһӣ
ֹˣŮ洵̫Ͻ̶пţʵЩ֡
ϫǵãɽ֮͵ڤ۵꣬Ҳ֪Լ׳ֻת̫гΪ̫ϽʦܣҲԼŵ˵ݳΪɽӡ
һóϫһϸ˼ּĸо
⣬ѩȴδֱشֻ˵һ䣺һжֻйأʼ˴ʱͻһС
ֻأ
ˣ
磡
ϫĳþ޷ƽ
Ѵ̫λ֪£Ψ֮зӵֻء
ϫĻ뵽ɽŮ洹̫ϽпţǺνֻйأ
ֻأ
ἰĪۣóϫһּΪӵ
Ϊյı˰١սִǹֻ֮ĺڣ


1826 Ԫ
ֻأ
ƺ翣̫ɬѶ
ϫϸһ룬ƺԼ֮ǴϽʱԼѾֻ͡ءһ˿
ΨһԭҪڤ¼аϡ
ڤϫеҲΪΪһϣɱϽռҵһʱá
̸̣ʲôԵ
ϸһ룬·ڤڤ㡣
ٽЩľϫҲһ˿㱣ֻأ⾿һʲô
Ϊֻ֮˴֮󣬲ܶİ
Լھͽս⳹ײ򣬺ͱ˰ִںϣǷֻܹ֮ĺ
ǵڤأǷҲΪֻ֮ܵɱ
һ뵽⣬ϫסһǿҵĳ嶯ջӲסˡ
ԲԼǰˣʱðȻȥԣ˵غ

Сʦܣ߰ɣҴȥһǱ֮أôʱ䣬ʵٴβһɱ䡣
ϫЩصӣѩƿһЩʲôڡ
Ŷȥ
ϫʱع
ȥ֪ˡ
ѩһЦ
ȥɣҿܹǹطٲ̤һˡ
ƺˣȴЩֻƵģЦ
óϫüëһѵлʲô鲻ɣ
ˡ
Ӧѩһӣһɰסϫһ̣ѩʧԭء

һʯͨܲ°߲ĺۼϴׯΡ롣
ںƺУһɽգ½ӲӵĹ󣬽ǹʯȾһԻʥϢ
ϫҰָʱƬƺУһʯ
˿ԪʦԿ٣רΪе׼
ѩһ࣬ԴпҺһʱڴйУ˵ܹҵµĴӡ

ϫҲһĨڴ
Сʦܣ⿪Ԫֻɽ˷ܹ̤С
ѩȻڡ
ϫʱӦһĶͷЦǴʦѣ˴¡
˵ţһӣٿȻӿֳҶϰסСߵӰ

ԶɻȻѡ
Ȼɽ
ϫЦЦɿ˵һ飬ҶǷӦ

Ҷһѩ
СЦЦ͵ˡ
ϰף˫ḺһڵģƻȻԸѩǰͷ
ѩЦͷϫһ
ϫһЩ⡣
ѩָָϫ䡣
ϫʱɫһͣԼô˻
䣬СȡһֻдߵСף˫պϣڳ˯
Ȼ̫žС
ڴĩ֮ǰѩīʱΪϫӲҶȫһȴһֱУʱҲ
ҶɫʱЩڣһеס
ҡ
Ҷԡ
ϫȴǻ˻֣ǰ鶼ѹȥˣᡣ
Ұɡ
ѩºһЦӳϫнӹ˰һ㼴ԴȻû뵽СѾͷ̫ž洫ʱΪֻҪһɱ䡣
˵⣬ϫСʦܲصģСѾͷøûд󰭡
ϫ˿ǲɣЩһֱæԼ飬ǲ˰ʵЩӦˡ
ˣͽ뿪Ԫɣ˴ʦУʱԻָЩѣʱɽҲصʲô
ѩЦ
Ǿʹʦˡ
ϫ֡
ȥɣ۵ȿʼʱԻǰ֪ͨ㡣
ѩ˵գһӣǴҶϰסСͰٿȻȥʧ

ϫûгɣӰһŽ뵽ǿԪС
ϫǣǿԪڣһƬǿգ
һſǳУȴǾֹÿһǳͳȻͬĴ֮
Ϊϫ𺳵ǣЩ֮ʵʣֳࡢȡơ̡ࡢϡȵȹʵɫ
ǳϫ
һĮˮ
ϫŤͷͿǿһ࣬ʢһһ޳ΰӰϥС
ҷۣͷϽڣ֮˫ƺبɽͣ׾Ǹ֮ɫ
ԶԶһͷƿĲһˣһɽӵƴϣ
һۣóϫһȻһɾηһĤݵĳ嶯
ΪԼΪͶԷ̫ԶԵɣԾ㱻Է㡣
Ҫ֪Դʦѩȵڣϫû𶯹
ӹɣλϸ㣬ͨ컯ߣɽʦ˴
ӳϫݼʦ塣
ϫһ
ض񡣡
˴£ӿĵϣӳϫãǲһĨЦ⣬ܲСһֲܹ÷ʦֵĶУ飬ѩʦֶѸ˵Ȼѷţ㾲޵Ϊ¶ǡ
ʦ̻ǡ
ϫȻԼƽһλʯϹŶʱЩࡣ
Ҳû취ԷƿΣȴֱģԵ
⿪ԪУÿһǳԶһִɣܹò˼Ч
˴ûйϻֱԵҪȴܴѹܹ֮࣬ܵѹ֮Խ࣬ʱõĺôԽࡣ
ԭˡ
ϫףһвԼǰ򵥡
㿴ԪиŴǳǧԽѹ֮ԽУѰʺԼеһǳӣ򲻿ɳǿֻк档
˴ĿңңԶǿգ꣬ʦѩ񾳴Բ֮ˣ̤ǧ֮߰صһǳУһٽ۾ƹضɾ֮λ
ʦУ̤ǧ֮صһǳУƹضʱͬѳΪһ۾ڡ
ֻڣΪԲмǲ̰ðҽѡǧ֮ڵһǳϽС
˴Դƽ⿪Ԫеһһ顣
лʦָ㡣
ϫٴι֡
ȥɣĪҪʱ䣬֮·ӵԪɹĥȻҪ̤֮ͷ棬һ򲽲עʧٻԵ
˴ѵͺñǻŵأֻΪֻξͶ޷У޷УҲζţԺҪ۾ʱҪ֮ɾ֮λɾûʲôˡ
ϫһĿᶨʦģԵڵ;ȫԸΪ
˵գһתһƬܲһſŴǳȥ


1827 ־ӡ

ǻתϫԻ͡
Щǻȴɴ֮ſɲѹ֮
ϫǰеӰֻһͣͬһֻе㣬ǰ
Щ֮ر𣬴ءԭʼڲŲ˼á
УڴУģ١ʶԶĦϢɡ仯İ
֮Ļд֮Ȼ߱ѹ
֮ԽǴԭʼ߱ѹ֮Խǿ󣬲ֻǶѹȣ޵ߵꡢż塣
⿪ԪиǧǳÿһǳԶɴ֮ƣԽǳ̺Ĵ֮ԽѹȻҲԽǿ
λɽʦ˴ԣڴеȷԻò˼ԽõĺôԽ󣬵Ϳӵжٵѹˡ


룬ͷųĴѹԽԽǿȵĳˮ㣬ʼϳϫ
ġԶܵһ̶ȵѹƣܵһѹ
ϫٶȲδ˿ˣɳǰɶݡ
ֻѿʼתʼͻ˷ѹ֮


һǧ

һ·ϣϫѭͷƵ⣬ܻΪɬķģ£졣
ԶԶȥһ貵⣬ʱգѹˮȥ׳ۡ
һΪ˵ǲӿĴѹתսѹһεǿߣ
ף
λʦǰԪˣ
ÿµٶȣûκ˥ףĪǻʦ֣
ԣʦǰò뿪Ҫٽ뿪ԪҪٵȺǧ֮á
ǻʦ֣˭ɽУ޴ˡ
ϫִƬһǧ˰֮ʱԶԶأһ
ϫĿһɨͿһƬǳϣϥһӰԼĪʮŮһԶ񾳵Ϊ
ȻӦñɽʦŵһˡ
ǿϫ˿̽ԶֹͣЩԶ²ϫ
ڴˣϫֻЦЦδ飬Ӱһȥ
ˣЩӽԶǿǺǰԶƬǧ֮ء
ͺñһˮ룬ǧ֮Ҳһżִ֮Ĵѹ֮Ȼӵо޵ĸǺʵޱȵʵһУעᱻݺ˻
ϫƶԴ˻Ȼ֪㣬ǰУٵӾ֮࣬Щֵ̬ҪһϫǱ
ȻϣǵҰУϫӰǧ֮ʱȻһͣӣٶȳٶ
ǽԶЦˣǵǰʱҲԹֿͷǧ򣬿ɲκ˶ܿġ
ǵЦݽһ˲ͽϡ
Ϊգۼ䣬Ƕ͵زһһ̣ϫӰ֮㣬뵽ǧ֮С
ЩӽԶȻš
һðģƾڵʵȴȻܹǧ֮ʵʵ˲֮
˾̾
λʦ֣մλǰµĵӣΪ֮ǰδ
Ҳ˽סԶԶɢȥҪ֪ϫ
ϫǵһηţǸóƺʦŶԣɣĪҪ˶ġ
ϫǵȻЩӽԶһ
ϫ˭ȻǰʦԾӣ
޶ۣѵˣǰѩʦλϫʦ棬˵ڱ㽫ţֻû뵽λϫʦȻѾˡ
λСʦ棿
ֻǡΪֻڣ
ͲˣλСʦУŲǧ¶ѡ
ǧʱ䣬ˣ⡭Ҳδ̫ˣϹУֻ¶ҲܹλСʦȼģ
˳ϫһӽԶ𾪲ѡ
ûСʦղŵĻôһһէģɺͳģʱܹﵽСʦǰ߶ȣ
˳ǳ⣬ʱѹסٵӽԶѣ׷ײٶԣ´

ǣҵˣСһĪ⣬ʵʵҲ޷Գ
ԪڴϥһǿϵĶʦ˴ĿңңԶϵĹ׾ϷһĨɫ
֮ǰϫǧڵУѡһǳУɳϫı֣ȻЩ⡣

ǧһ
ǧ
ϫǰеٶ𽥷ŻֱѸŲûʲô
ʱɫϾأתȫΪԳʢһǿơ
ѹ̫ˣ
Ǵ֮ڣϼѹֱȺԺӡذϴսʮ
꣬ʦѩ񾳴Բ֮ˣ̤ǧ֮߰صһǳϣһٽ۾
һ̣ϫĪ˶ʦ˴һ仰
ǰԪʱʦѩЦ˵ڿԪʱ¹һӡ
Σһȥʦֵ֮ˣܹ쵽ȻҲԣ
ϫһǰС
ûãȻһǳ˳ϫע⣬һǳͨڣһŴƵģͷųԡ
ⲢʲôóϫȻǣһǳܵһϤϢƺʦƺϢһޡ
Īǣǵʦ֮أ
ϫ˼ȥȻͿǳһɽϣӡһĴ֣֮ᣬɴݣ֮ɵ
±߻һʦһƺ
Ȼˡ
ϫһּȴǴܴΪּУһǿ־ӡϸĦԴвϳ
Ӧþʦڴ˱չغһЩۼֵһˡ
ϫƬ̣תȥǰС
ûãһϽɫǳٴϫע⣬λƬǧİ֮أΪرԶԶȥһɺǳϳͷâɷ׳
ϣһʯʯӡšۡÿһж̺һ˵ġ֮ơ
һ٣Ǭ
ڶڤ翡
ƽ棬·ԣĿȥȴϫһݣѷӵнʶ֮ϣ
ǡŵʦһӻϡ
û뵽ŵУ˰ѽȵزʵ˲𡣡
ϫипɽĴУһģҲһѰϵˡ
ΪǼһ㣬ǿĲ˼飡
⣬ɽĵڣ٣һ߱γ֮ܣ֮ɣ


1828 ʦ
ûйпϫǰС
˿̿УʵſɲޱȵĴѹ֮ϾɫǳٻǰеĲбԿһ˿ߡ
¡¡
֮ѹԽԽֲ羪װĺ쳹Ұ
صһϫֻһʮɽƣһģ㱻õɳȥ
ԽԽˡ
ϫâܣƬ̣͵һҧٴγǰȥ
ѹԽԽ͵ĶܵһɼµѹȣϫһˮϢĸо
һ̵ƴȫǰĶȴԽԽԽԽѡ
ǧ
ִʱϫͷһ󲻿ظĦÿһëԾҲɫص˼¡
Ҳһɲǣٴοһɢ־ӡϢǳ
ʵһ·ѲֹһοǳʦƺģŵʦһӻϵģҲһЩµ־ӡ
һУ޷ǰһǳϵ־ӡȡ
ǳͨѩӨ͸ͷųĿı֮ȥһۣóϫȫһִ̹ǰĺоԵޱȡ
ǳϣһƬεɫĺбѩǣһֻֻаƴСĺɫֽƯںУڱѩҡҷԵúۡ
ɳϫĿ⣬ȴһӱֻɫС
̫رͨҹСޱȣκֻҪһۣͻƾһɻֺ롢ƴϢ
ͷ·ֻҪһֻɫֽԸ⣬Գ㣡
չʮ꣬ԲͬЦ̾޳Ƹۡ
ĿֻɫֽϫԺȻ쳹һ̾ϢһĨȻζ
У
ԥأϫһ¾жϳֻɫֽŵһ¡
ʱ˴޳֮λʦҲһλ˲ﰡ
ϫд
޳
޳ʲ״˵
Уڴӵ󼰵ĳԣʶڴ˱չʱڤ޳֮һͻƵ۾硣
һλڣһʵ֤ӵеبźǺ䳬Ȼ
һ̣ϫǺɫֽҲٸ񣬲˵

һĴȻɢóϫʱһ
ԭѱڵĿɲ֮ѹȵô粽Уͷظ
ɴʱھ»һɻ󻺽ܵѹҲһɡ
ʮ𣡡
ϫʱӦһԼ֮ǰõʮ𣬰մʦѩ˵̺ԼʱĪ档
һĻ޲õ֤һ㡣
ϫԼµֻ´ʦѩѿǵԼ뿪Ԫ֮״ʶΪԼ׼ʮ
࣬ǵ΢óϫҲӿһĨů
ûгɣǰС
һ·ϣĴѹ֮ҲԽԽ󣬵ѹԽ󣬷ʮõһͷţӿΪϫṩԴԴϵ
Ͳӿֹͬǰ򵥣һԵĵ͹̣ԶһĪ档
ǧ
ǧ߰
ϫִ˵ʱ¯ȼգ׷ڣ״̬ﵽһֿǰ۷Ρ
һҪٴοʼҡ
óϫԼֹȥԲ֮
գסˡ
Ϊһɲǣٴοһ־ӡ
һϢһεǳһˮ㣬ӯӯתϢ
ǳһʯ빣빱棬׭һӹ׾ּˮڣв֪أأв֪ʶ޲ˣزɺ
һѩ
֮һǳǵѩ֮ء
ˮڣ޲ˣزɺ
ϫૣڴвظһ仰ӿһ޷
֮󣬳ϫȻ͵һҡͷһи򣬲ٿһǳһۣǰȥ
ǴʦѩĵĵԹ֮֮ȴǿԻΪС
ΪϫҲԼĵ

۴ؼģжִ·Сӱ֮ѩж١
Ԫڴ˴ʦһп
Ȼһֱڹ۲ϫĶ
ԣ
Ȼ˴һУâէ֣Сӿڣһ·нǳѳԽкѩ֮أɲǵĺܹȵġ
ĬƬ̣Ȼһǿϣӿת㣬ͷųâңңȥ
ڵ˴۾ĿУ˿̵ĳϫһڲϳǰ䶯ţ㣬жٻ֮С
ʼգȴûп˺һ
ʱ
ϫִǧŰ֮ء
õ˴۾Ϲ׾ڲһ˿ݡ
˵Ѳ֪£еֻҪǰеģ޲ָܵ
ͬҲĿЩڴеһ
ļУѩӦǾΪֹɫһӣƾһ־յִڶǧ˰֮ء
¼һֱãδ˳Խ
Ȼ·һ޲ѩ¼ѾϫԽˣ
εĸߵͣѲڵ˴ʦУӹɣֶͨԱȣȴʶһηŵСһ̫಻˼֮ˡ
չֳܡ츳־ǣ޲˵˴ʦԤ
ֱ˴ʦЩ͸ϫˡ
ȥֻ»ţϾ˴ʦǺͷͬһʱڵǻʯϹŶӵܡ
Գϫıָе⣬Щ͸β𾪣
ʵһеģΪϫڣɬĪ⣬õ˴ʦԿǳ
ţҪȥ
Ȼ˴ʦüͷһ壬ϫڵִǧŰ֮غ󣬾ûͣ²ǰȥ
ֻ֮ǰϫ˿ÿһʹ˻ޱȣӰҡҡζ
Сһﻹִ֣˵ĪҪǿѡʺԼеǳ㹻ȴƫƫ
˴ʦüͷȴǲѿʼΪϫ˳ȵ׼
Ǻϫ״̬һƣȻܵ޷ķ֮ˡ
ʱ߻ħ״
ʱȥ
˴ʦǣϫѳֳһҡҡ׹֧Ųס״̬ȴÿһζֱּǿĲ˼顣
СӸò̤ǧ֮صľͷɣ
˴ʦһ̼жЩϫ־ǣԿǿ˸ƽ


1829 Դ
ѹܴ
ϫֻоÿһ缡ƱѹһɽҪ
ÿһҪֿסֹʱھӿһůһѹӶ˼ǰһ˿
ǰж仺ѣȴδֹ
һ·ϵǳĿϡ٣ʱܳһ·϶ٿһǳ
ϫûעЩ
˿ȫǰУԼЩ֣ΪҪ˼ᶨִš
ֻһνѣﲻ԰쵽һ
ÿҪͣ½Ųʱȴֲһ˿ǿҵĲʣһƲʣʹһֱڼ֡
Ҳǳϫִŵıԣܹӵ˽ɾͣҲ֮ͬӵ󼰵ս

Ҳ֪˶ãڳϫоԼѾֻһߵʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ǰû·
ֻһǳ
ƬǿУֻһǳͨԲӿŝɫ
͸һɫȥȻܿǳϣһִޱȵ
飬㣬ǳ֣
Ǵÿһһִ̺ڴıԴС
ʵ˺ǳ֮£һĵĻ档
ԶԶȥͷ·ǳѵĴϢѤͷ׵ĴԽ֯һһֿۡ
κ˿һĻһءη
ϫҲ⡣
һǳʲôȴһǳԼ·ЩԶͬ
̫ر𣬶һ޶һ˾ηϢ
ϫһֹ
Ϊ⿪Ԫǧ֮صľͷ
һŶضصǳȻΪ˳ϫΨһĿ꣬޿ѡ
䣡
ϫŲһֻޱȵٶյִһǳʱһݵĿֲϢͷѹ¡
ͨһϫٿסڵأ͵ؿȳһѪ
˿̸Ͼ˼ЩתȫΪնԺһ˲һС
¡¡
ԭʹҪƲסĽһڵõһйȫװĺɢȫ¡
һɲǣеƿص̾Ӥ
һеǺͬһʱת
ܹһ̵ĳϫȼͷų籩İԣƬǿա
֮䣬Ȼһһǳӿһ㣬ϫ˶ڱУҲֳڱΡ

ӡơͷų֮ϣӿϫϥ֮أԵò˼֮
ܿ죬ЩĶҲȥûһ˿ͷϫҲʧǳϣѰٲټ

ǧʱеһˣ
ǿ֮ϣڱĵ˴ʦ̾ڣﾡǸп֮ɫ
Ԫǵڹϻ籾Դеһ鱦ɽ֮á
˱ر֮ڣڳӯǧ֮Ų˼á
صģȴǿԪǧͷһǳ
Ǻܻ֮ϣУ籾ԴУܹԭʼĴ֮У
ʱϫ֮أһǳ
ͬҲô뿪ԪеɽУһ̤ϵġ
ʶ˴ʦĿһĻʱǵȳȻľ˿Ҳǽסпѡ
ȻֻͻԲѣۼ壬ƺ󣬿ɵ˴ʦȴк󣬾ԿԶԳϫպĵ;ɹã
ǹؼ

ϫڶܵһǰδе𺳡
ĸйУʱͣͣȴڲϷɱ䣬ʱϣȻ⡣
类ûڴУܹޱظܵС
ɱ䣡
ϫܵˣһԼ߱ڲһ˵ɱ䡣
һ̵ع籾Դܡ
޵֮;һֲϵĽɱ䣬ʵʵķӶһּ棬ԣ٣ӶﵽĲ಻ب档
޵ߵռĿ꣬ųռ֮·
¡¡
һܻͬ貵ٲȫ̺Ϣ͸ϫڣΪȵڲ
ɱ䣬ңӦ˴˶գӶϫƿص֮
֮ľ磬˳žСɡɡ۷塢ԲΣÿһζһѱȵżʶÿһޱȣд־Ե޷һ
񣬳ϫѽɵز֮ͬУǶٮٮߡ
ϾѰԣ񾳴ھ綼ǻСɵزҡ
ҲֻǵȾܹ֮񾳽ʱӵдɵزˡ
ϫǽԶͬ
ƿصԷΪͳԦʮߴΪģһֵ;
ЩкСסǳ١𡢹ڰ˰컯ࡢɡȵȴ塣
һ㣬޵μ穣޹⣬޷ͳϫȼ硣
ҲΪˣϫҪ޵߸ΪѺͼɬ
ǳߵԺ츳ټһδλԵԲܲŽӵдɵزˡ
ͬҲΪˣóϫڵ;ߵĸΪ̤ʵĵ;ҲҪΪԶ
ؼǣսʱҲԷӳԶͬս
⿪Ԫǧﾡͷ֮أһźǳϣϫ羹ȵõڽһԵɱ䣬Լʼδ
һ̵͸ͷͨȫĵڴĦ͸Լı仯
ЩϣӳԺУܵһʡԭʼӵĴ֮ء
ؼʵʱȴԵøӡܡɬޱȡ
ԭڣǧ򻯡Բ飬ܻΪ׵硢ػɽӺ
ֻҪʱͻ֣ᷢǵıҲԭʼϵģ
һ̣ڳϫеģǴʵĿǹӶԭʼĵϣ
ʱֻȻҵȻš
еһ꣬ϫɱ䣬ԲزҲͬһ꣬Ϊͻƣ񾳴Բ硣
е꣬ϫΪͻơԭʼľ֮ԭͯӵġӤѳɳΪһչɵꡣ
е꣬ϫԽƿأ֮սٴεõͻơ
Ҳһ꣬弫ٰ۵ȵϢ쫷һϯ£ϹĹע
һʱ֮䣬йش˴۵ȵϢҲΪ˸ŵĻ⡣


1830 ֮
֪弫ŵϵĹϵͳϹҲҲҲһܹĴڡ
񣬡弫ͬһʱųϢҪϾٰһ۵ȣϢһֱһ籩һֲ˼ٶɢϹһʷǰĿǰ䶯
һʱ֮䣬й۵ȵۣٲȻΪϹעĽ㻰⡣
ȹģ۵ʢᣬֱǿǰǰδУϹʷŨīزʵһʣ
˾̾ڵ弫Ĵֱʡ
²򵥣Ҫ֪ɽŮ洵Թһֱ̫Ͻ̡ԺͬˮΪȴܷ¶ԹЯһбȻ顣
в˾ɣΪ˴۵ЩͬѰ
˵κһֱڵ弫бĵԺ棬ǣͷٰ죬Ŀѡγһ۷ӣǰǻŵпµ硣
ҲϢ֮ͨԴ˴ε۵͡
µ磡ˣϹûгֹµ磬ֲõ弫˴ܹɺԭһжΪ˿磡
˿˴β۵ȵģȻǵ弫μһǿˣ
ֹˣֻ´˴۵һٰ죬֮ǰǿ߲ˣ
ǿǷƻۣȺӢͰô˵ҶԴ˴۵ȿǳڴ
ۣϹÿУɼ弫һϢɵӰ֮
һЩҪһ̽Ħһ۵ȵ޵ߣѶ˷۶ȥ
Ԥһ۵ĻһգעӴ޵һĦˡ

ԪС
Ѿǳϫչеĵͷ
Ȼ֪ĵһƬ𶯣ϹĿҲһĻ۵
˿̵ĳϫɳУȻʱ֮š
ʱУΪ硢Ϊ硭ȫһʵɱ䡣
Ҳζţۺսвһһεͻͽ
ǲϵֹһΣ
ΪԲ磬ĵβԾ֮սһء
Բزսʱ߱Ҳٴһ
ټϵΪɱ䣬ǿսɿܻǰ
һеɱõĳϫۺʵѴﵽһַ˼׵ĵز
ĳϫжǿԼ޷ȷ
Ͼһν̫ͬѰԶֹͬΪϵͻƣƿصȫ
ϫܹ쵽һҲǽҺ
һΪ̫ʵƿصһѱһּĳ̶ȣѴﵽ˽ƾıԵ
һҲ벻ʦѩ͵ʮ֮
Ҫģȴ⿪Ԫ
˱ɽصأǷ٣ŵ˴򣬵һ㣬֤ԪǺ֮Ѱϵ鱦ܹ
ϫУһ·ؼɬ谭յִǧﾡͷһǳϣ֮ؿֻһ˻õõĺô޷
֮ǰ˴ʦǶ̬֮оͿԿó
֮ϫȫɱ䣬лԵĳɷ֣ȴ޽ҿԡ
Сʦܡ
Ȼһº͵𣬽еĳϫѣʦ֣
۵ȼʼ׼㣿
ʱԳ
ϫش
Ǻã뿪Ԫɡ
ʦѩʹʧ
ϫĿһɨܣȻ̽ץһʯָ絶ʯһ̻ա
գۼ䣬һĵʯ֣˦ֲС
ৣ
һ̣һ񣬱ʧԭء
ǰʱͬ˿̳ϫԭ·ʱδκһ˿ѹһ˲˿Ԫڴ
ڳϫһִڣԭϥǿϱĿĵ˴ʦȻĿͨŵ£˳ϫϡ
ĳϫϢƵȻһȻ񵭵󣬲ر֮ɵ˴ʦȴֻǱֵơ
гϫϷһɱ䣬ɶУȻ֪ĳϫߵһֿǰĸ߶ȣǶŽ˴Щ޷϶ĳϫѾǿᵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
κһĨ΢Цڵ˴ʦǡ
£ָһ˲СһǺǣȴǺǰӡ
ʦˡ
ϫ֡
ȥɣʦ־õˡ
˴ʦ˻֡
ȵӴ緵ʱʦ̻塣
ϫǣתȥ
ǵۻʼ߱ôȻضһ޶֮ôҲ߱ۻ֮ƣç֮ʦµѪûбû˷ˡ
ųϫȥıӰ˴ʦﲻӿһĨ׷п֮ɫ
ç֮Ƿ˽ԶǺͼߡ
ĳϫֹǺͼߣѼ̳˷˵ĴУֻµ²Լһۻʼۼ߱ĵ֮ۺѳ˹Žͬˣ
ҲֻӲſԼٳһȫԽϴɣ
˴ʦĬƬ̣Ȼ̧Ŀ⣬ңңǧﾡͷһǳϡ
УϫڴǳС
ȥΨһĵʯ
ʯϱָ׭һּصһգϣ
һһӴݣȴ͸һɼᶨϡĴǡ־
صһգϣ
˴ʦظһ仰ԺĿõйسϫһУǲ֪¶δһ˿ľһ̣޷Ƶزһ˿
þ޷ƽ
Ȼ˴ʦ˻䣬ǧ֮һǳϣһĨεһĵʯǣͬʯʧڵ֮¡
Сӡ
˴ʦζЦЦ૵Ų֪֪ǻٵġȷںЩ

Ԫ⡣
ʦ֡
ϫʱͿʦѩѵȺ

ѩ´˳ϫһЦȵҿǿ̫ˡ
ϫűӿЦղŵ˴ʦѿ޹һʦǧҪɷҲɡ
˻һѩһȻ˴ʦȻڿ㣿
ϫȻѵʲôô
ѩпɲ֪˴ʦԴԪ񣬿ɴδڳ޹˭ǵһ˼ҳ޵ġ
ϫʱһЦʦ֣ǻǱ̸Щˡ
Ҳã˾õˡ
ѩЦЦһӣųϫٿȻʧԭء


1831 ţ
ɽ֮ۡ
һֺϵĵǰ˿ŲӰŮò䲻ͬ޲ǿʢ֮
Ǿһ̸ڵȴʲô
ˡ
Ȼһ󲨶ӳֳӰѩͳϫ
ʦ֡
ʦ
ʦ档
ЩŮԶǰѩ񣬵ȴȫͬĳƺ
ȻЩŮɽһӣҲжӡ
ѩЦͷλؾࡣ
ʱĿȴ˳ϫϣź档
ʦ棬λСʦ棿ôֻΪ
һ׳ʵĺڣòŨܣһۣͭ͡
ţݵ񣡡
һȳһ
ް
ѩЦЦ㼴˽ܵСʦܳϫ
ϫʦܡ
ϫʦ塣
ϫʦ档
һʱ֮䣬ЩŮԶ׷׳ϫֲͬͬĳƺԵúǶء
ϫҲæ
ʱѿЩŮУʮ۾ڣʮҲ񾳴ڡ
óϫвԸпѣûǴղųԼʱƺԼΪʦģ߰˸۾
ȻЩǶ̤۾Ĵڡ
ԣǰЩŮӦʦŵһĵӡ
Сʦ֣ܲЩͬŽԶһηţҪһݣѰʱǿûһҲֻӣǶˡ
ѩЦŵ٩һ䣬˵ţ㿪ʼϫЩڳŮݡ
ϫȻȴӿһĨůʦַͨʽԼɽУԺԼͬŶʶ
ܿ죬ϡ
ϫҲǰЩŮȷʦŵһĵӣȴֻһ֣һЩڱչУϫصϢ
ţȥ
Ȼü
ϫ³ɽʦŵһĶӣͬʱҲһλǵ۾
³ɽеţͼɣ̫޽ţĺᣬ³ɽ£Ϊɽһӡ
ʱҲͼɾǲһתԶȥ
ʦһȥԭΪСʦǺε˲õ˭룬ʵһʵЩȤ
ͼشֱֱԼеʧԵúǹֱ
˲Ȼ
³ɽɫȴȳȱ۵ţ·ϣɺͳһϽϫʦǸ
ҲŲ
ͼԵüΪǿŲӽеǡʦܺսһӮңţҾķڷ
˵ţͭƵĴۣƵؿųϫ
ţֱ
³ɽ̧ܻ־ҪȥʰԼФͽ
˼ˣæס
ʦֶѵ˽ͼɵƢСӿĺܣĳȳĺܡ
ѩҲЦ˵һ䡣
³ɽЦֻ֪ܲһ̫ȱۣͲͨƳϫʦʵˡ
ʦƣֻǶСʦʵЩʧˣҲزס˼л˵ˣûʲôð뷨
ͼɴµ
㡭
³ɽɫֳЩڴͼݼϫˡ
ˣȻǾ͡ȻȻ
һֱûڵĳϫȻЦ
ʱɲֵܱˣϾǵһκɽͬż棬ʱرֳԼ̬ȣܸõС
ͼ۾һĦȭƵãͳʦһ仰ҾͲ̫ѿˡ
һ仰³ɽǶһ£ȱ۵Ĵţֱҩɾˣ
Ҳݸ
ҲһЩӲзֹͼȻƢֱʵȴӹɵȾǰ۷Բڡ
ʮǰѾ߱˽۾ʵȴһֱʦ³ɽѹţʹ˽˵ǻδʱ졣
ˣͼֻҲһλ۾ˡ
ͼλз֮񾳵ʮλУͿԿʵε֮졣
£һϫͼУǿɾˡ
Ǿɡ
ϫЦЦ̧ǰ
ʦ㿴
³ɽˣҲЩǣĿѩ
ްһдһҲá
ѩЦͼֻ»һֱĻͳϫʦһȥμ۵ȣҲŤ
ϫףԭͼɾǺԼһҪμӴ˴ε۵ȵġ
ˣ³ɽٶȰֻǰĿͼɣԴţעִ磬ĪҪʧ񣡡
İɣʦҿ϶Сʦ̫ܵ
ͼؿڣ˵
һ仰ǵû³ɽģֱ޲õȱ۵ĺһ

Сʦ棬ְɣУ
ͼɴһϾ֮ɫǿ۾һ˵ơ
һɲǼ䣬绯һԶս
˼ˣΣͼһͿ湻˵ģǫö˵ֱ׳
֪ģΪϫء
У
ϫЦеˣǾһжʤΣ
һУ
˶һﶼЩɣòϫͼǼһＤЩ߳ŭ˰ɣ
ͼҲһЦʦ棬ɱ
ң
ϫ
赭дһ仰ͼɶʱеôңȻʦ˵ҿɲˣ
˵ʱȻһɽӲӵķģȫͷųһɰ˵ơ
ңƬʱշƳܲסͼϵѹ
ԼԿͼɻϣֳһصͼڴ࣬ħŭͬΪˡ
ǽţһĴͼ֮ںɽķ֮Զţû˻ģ
ȻΪһ֮ԼͼɲδҴ⣬ѶȫҪһѹϫ
³ɽˣƤһ֪ţҪˣ˵ʲôȴѩЦֹ
䣡
Ҳڴʱͼ͵ţ̤£׳ʯɵֱ̧£ָЮɫģϫͷ£
һɲǼ䣬ڳϫͼ֮һƬʱȻ飬ܲסȿֲ
һȷ̫ˣǰϫеһ˿ѹ񡭡
ֻЦЦӰԭ˿ֻ̽һֻƣĳһ˿̻Ϣ
һԵ̫ƽȻƮƮģ˶ЩǣһǿҵĲ̤ʵо
ʦҪ𡭡
ЩӽԶü
ǻȻûע⵽³ɽǵȵ۾ڣĿóϫһʱԶһ
ѩҲ΢΢һЩ⡣
䣡
һ˵ʵԶڵʯ֮ѷϫĳһʱͼɵȫһɱʢɫĹ꣬˵Ӱû


1832 ۵
䣡
쳹һڳԾĿע£ϫǿ赭дһƣȴɴ͸ɫģʼδκ谭
գһͼɵȭͷϡ
һɲǼ䣬ͼ׻ǿ۾ɽ˿ȴһֻߵķƵģݺݵɳȥ
أ
ͼɵʮ⣬ӰģȻδأܵĳȴ̫ɲٴεŵŵŵ˳߰˲վȡ
ֻ˿̵ͭƵ۾ɫòڱдشϢţһܾȵģ
ôܣ
ͼ𺧣ԲţԷһĳһƶѣȴȻһٰԼˣ
ԼضûУ
ô쵽ģ
ͼɴ
һлͼɣ
ֱǲ˼飬ǿʦõʲôô
ûУһͿԿʦе裬ֻѴﵽһֿǰĸ߶ȣ
ЩӾ̾Ͼ𺳣һͰսλǰͼɻܣ֮ǰǿɾû뵽
³ɽһڵ۾ҲǶݲѡ
ͼǷ֮λеʮǿߣһսƾףȴгϫһĽҲЩʼϲ
𣿡
ϫЦʵ
һ̣еѱòͬ
ҡ
ͼֹðβƲʦ棬ղҿûȫ
ô˵ǲˣ
ϫ
ҷ
ͼæȻȴԿʦղͬûȫ֣ţֻڶվˡ
˵Ǵһ˿ζ
ȻϿ˳ϫʵķڷ
ϫȻһۣЦҿһ㶼
ͼɺٺһЦͷѡ
һܹɽֽһΪز֮ͬǰĿܻһȱ۴ˡ
ֻԴֱӣӲԸԼǰڲԼǵ˼ˡ
ˣСʦй۵ȵ飬Ҳ˽һˡ
ѩЦڡ
˼ˣҲʶȤ׷׸Ƕȥ
ʦ棬ܶһ𣿡
ͼ뿪ǰ̲סʵ

ţȻǫϫȻʧЦ㾡˵
ʵﵽһ
ͼ˻һٻδ뿪ĵӽԶ䡣
ȳϫشѩζСʦ滹ʱɱһ۾ڣжǿǰȥ۵ʱԻס
һʯǧˣ
Щû뿪ĵһ𣬵ѣڱɱ۾ڣ
λСʦ壨Сʦ棩սδҲ̫ˣ
ͼɸǱҪ˵ʲôͱʦ³ɽ½ǿдߡ
ϫˣݸ
Сʦܣһº󣬴˴۵ȱ㽫Ļ
ѩɫ࣬ʼ̸۵ȵ飬˴۵ɵԺǣͷٰ죬صѡڵԺ֮̾ءʥͥ
ʱɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺԶɳܳǿ߲С
Һ͵˴ŵλʦ֣ɽ˴ɳʮӲУȻ㣬ӶʦһӡȳʱԼǡ
ϫȻʮˣ
ѩЦԣʮˣ㣬ӻýŵصѾ㹻ˡ
Ĵɳ˶
ϫ
ӦñɽҪöࡣ
ѩڵҲĴУµĿӴ󣬺ɽȫͬ
˶٣νھ۵ȵĵĿܾսˣһлҪԵʵ
ϫͷס
ο˴ܹŵصֻʮжʮΪ弫׼ÿܹüҪµӵıˡ
ѩ˵
˼ǳԣֻжʮȴƽ̯ҪͿµƾʵȥȡ۵ȣǾ̨
ԤһȻǼޱȣԳ֮ΪϹˮ׼ǿ߶Ծ
Ͼһ۵УɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺ巽ܳĵӣԶУȹ۵ԱȿǰδУǹڸ
ϫĬƬ̣̲סʵʦ֣ʮΪ˭׼ģ
ѩЦЦ˸㣬˴β۵ȵģֻǵ弫ҲеǿߣΪ׼
ҲΪչ޵ߵĸܣǽǵ弫ĵӽŵأֻȫ޵߶Դзˡ
ϫȻ˵Ҳ˵ֻ迼ǶȡǶʮ㹻ˣ
ѩЦȻ
ϫ룬ʳһ⣺ʦ֣˴۵ȵĹʲô
ѩҡͷͿԺΰˣԷģԺƽɽɶӦˡ
ϫЦá
ѩĳϫ򣬵СʦܣһҪץס˴λᣬԺп磬ɾĻˡ
˶ԣǷܹΪƺûʲôΪĿ̫ңԶңԶǶû˼ȥȡ
СʦԣܷΪȴҪΪĵ;˶һ
˵һ仰ѩѴһĨ档
ʦַģס
ϫĬƬ̧̣ۣѩͬһȻĿǻش
ĵ;ȷ˲һ
׾ͺã߰ɣȥһЩһȥμ۵ȵĵӡ
ѩЦЦųϫɽȥ

ԣһͷŨܵĺڷĬԣɽӣ۷徳ǿߣλз֮񾳵ھ
ϣ㣬ɽӣ۷徳ǿߣλз֮񾳵ʮһ
ͼɡ
Զ
һɽ֮ϵĹϵǰϫǾλԼһȥμ۵ȵĵӡ
ŮһɫԲ۷ڡ
ɽʱģоǧ꣬˱ǹԣͬҲеĵһˡ
ɽʱ̵ģҲǧİ꣬˱ǻϣʱݣʵȴĿõǿλеĵڶλ
ϫǵãǰԼ뿪ԪʱͱһЩϳϡ
ҵʱһŴǳϿ˻µۣӣӵ˽ʶĽΪɿƾˡ
ͼɣϫѼ
˹ԡϡͼ֮⣬Ҳһ츳Ȼһľ֮
óϫʦģҲип겻ѣ磬ܹһӼ˶ľ֮
Ҳֻɽȵ̹ƾõУŻһĻˡ
Ϊϫǣ֮⣬вٵͬѷɫ
ϧ˴β۵ȵֻʮԵˡ


1833 ǰ
ϵǰԡϵҲںϫ֮Уֻͼ֮ǰϫ
ȴǾڸոձͼһ֮аλշŲʦС
ʶ˿ԳϫʱǽԶΪ𾴣ˡ
˴ǰμ۵ʱӣ۵еһˡ
ѩһ
㣿
ϫԺвֳһĨ񾲵ӰǰɽʱͶԷһ棬֪Էһλ۷۾ֻһ̤ǵ۾֮С
ϫ˿ȴע⵽ʱԵȾӽԶһϲƵشһĨ֮ɫǼɵ壬Ǹӡ
óϫ΢΢һ
ʦСʦ塣
ڴʱһ񵭵һϮ£磬ݵԶⲽ
ˡ
ѩЦЦ
ʦǷԳˣ
ʵ
ѩĿ˳ϫСʦܣɻ飿
ϫƬ̣ѩһԣʦ֣Ҷϰǡ
˵꣬ѩЦİɣǽԶ˻ԵԱչأԻշǡ
ϫͷǾʹʦˡ
ѩ˵Сʦܣ䲻ݳʲôգ޳ҪСһЩҪ̫Ͻ̣򲻿ɵˡ
ϫЦס
˵⣬һԥ˵ʦ֣ʦһһ󡣡
ѩȻ˵޷
ϫһɽʱҸ׳ĸȻϹ򣬿ֱҲδŹйǵϢ棬Ҵ̽һйǵϢ
Щһֱѹĵף˿ȴ̲סʳ
ѩ꣬ǺسĬˡ
֮˵Сʦܣ½ˡӻŵطʱԻһ
ѩĳĬóϫʶЩͬѰѩӦϫһ
ٶ룬ȭʦ֣лˣ
ѩЦ㰡̫ˣ˵£ҵͬʦһɽִϹ޵УŮ洵ļСһɡ
ϫһʱʦ˵ʯԼŮ洹鹬Ԫաξء
ֹˣϫһӻʦһߵģǺӡա̫ȡ氽ŻڡѧԺԺ
ǣԯλԯܡԯ⳾ԯرҲ֮ǰϹ
һ뵽⣬ϫһ㱲ѡ
ѯѩѿ룬İɣڵִϹԺ󣬳ǺӡɽУҲиԵĻԵ˲ͬʥС
ѩ˵̫ȣǰ˵ϵͳ𻯻˹С
δ̫С
氽Ż򱻵һɡ
ԯܡԯ⳾ԯǣҲѩ棬˵ϵͳ컯ɽС
ΨЩر𣬲ԸκɣһƮȻȥȥˡ
ǺӵĵӣǺӵǵѧԺԺ䴫Լخһ
خɽ֮˵ѩһڵУȴͬʦ塱Ľɫмӡ
ʶǺӡҲɽУֻڱչУ޷ͳϫˡ
˽Щϫ˿Ц˵һȲһˡ
ѩЦԺеǻᣬ˵˴ǰμ۵ʱһˡ
ϫ۾һˣ
ȥɣĪǾõˣ˵۵ȿʼһʱ䣬ɽִʥͥ·ϣɵûϲʱ䡣
ѩЦŴߴٳϫ
ϫŤͷȻͿǾӶԳԼ
ʱͲٵ飬ֵǾɣʦ֣ǡ

ˡ
һ죬ɽ󣬽ϫһŲ뿪̤ǰμ۵ȵг̡

Ů洹
ʦ˵չô꣬Ѿָǰ䣬ǡɻǵԼ˭
һɫԵɽ֮ϣһϺɫ̨̨ǰһŮڣдһ˿ӡ
Ů޳ȹƮ裬˿٣һ»һƵɫԣӳĵӻ߳Ů
ŮӣȻ
˿棬һüնڵأԣȻҵȻң˭
˵ɫȴ֮󣬲૵ģһΪֻʦ˰ֻأ˭룬ʯ꾹Ҳֻˡ
ʯŮ洵ӡ
ִϹ֮󣬱һ·ƺʹŮ洹У㱻Ů洹ءɫءбչء
ֻʯԼҲû뵽˴αչأֹΪɱ䣬ǰ䣡
ҲףǰԼŮ洹ʦŮߵһͯӣʯ
ʯʯһ֮ȴǰͽͬʯ˿̱չضʱЩ޷Ȼ顣
ô
вֹһεزʡ
˵һжʦİţΪ޲ڵ;ϵȱ©֮
һԵ˵ҲΪ˶ᣬʦôҲΪá
֪
ʯ̾˿𣬵ֻЩƣΪƫƫҪֻתЩ̫Źˡ
ʯʦ֣ʦ׼׵ǰٹһӣʦʯʦ뿪ȥμ۵ȡ
Ȼһֻ̬޳İ׺״ӲѶڡ

ʯһ˻֣׺׳һչ㼴ʧ
ʦãѾûʱˣһٸúģʱһʦҽΪµġ
һ̣ʯһ˫ְϣĿ˹ȥ
ֱ׵Ļһ죬΢΢Щڣһȴǲ¶һĨϲ¶ʵ뷨
ǡҵ㡣
ף򸣬ҺʯǻĿӡ
ʯˣͻȻһڣȻЦһת󲽶ȥ
ʦãһҪһ
ޣ
˫շ̣ϼȾһڣȴǳϲãȥˣһԼһŵˡ
ͬҲһ죬Ů洹ʯʮλ񾳵ӣͬŮ洹һǰʥ̤ͥϲμ۵ȵ̡
ֹɽŮ洹һͬչжģԺ̫Ͻ̣ԼϹĶ
ǵĿһ£ǰʥͥ
Ϊٹһ£һϹб÷з۵ȣͽʥͥĻ


1834 ǿ
Ժ
ֺׯС
һϮۣ뷢ɫĮϵĳӸڱһտĺɫС
ڳĬҲڵȴ
ΪԺʹϣӵžǵ۾ĿɲΪųȨ
ѰʱҪһ涼ѣһڵȴһȺˡ

Զӹӻɢء
һһӰ糱ˮ㿪ʼӿ
Ϊһˣ£ʮλŮеŮƮݶˣԶ콾Ĵڣҫ֮
ǣԺʮλӡӣ
Щӡ󣬻ʮ£ϢɭȻ¶֮޵ߡ
ЩԺִ¡һս⺷ֶκڵĿı̷ӡӣΪ
ݼʹϣ
ʮӡӣʮִ£ڽ󣬽ԶɫȻ볯һ˸Ҳ
ԺĹأڵ弫У۵ȼΪɭϿ̵ģԺ
·ϻԱԭ£ԺһĪ£Ҫʹģ
ΪȽ̬ɭϹأԺĵӣԶһִ̡ޱǿĸо
һ󣬱ǰʥͥμ۵ȣ֮ǰ֪ΪԼǿ˭
ӵĮڣǳװڴйصǡ
ϣڵУ˴β۵ǿУǿĪ̫Ͻ̳ǻ꣡һǧǰԲΪһ˿֮ȼ磬ôȥһֱѹƾ磬δ۾ʵֻѴﵽһ޷ĸ߶ȡ
һӡȿڣԴڳһʵκ
ԣͷǻȷǴ˴̫Ͻ̲۵ȵǿһ
˶٣̫Ͻ̵ľͲض˵ˣǵĶӦɽŮ洹͵Ժ
˻һڳ˲⣬ΪϹڵ弫УɽŮ洹ϵǳԺ̫ϽͬҲˣǰߺͺ֮Ĺϵȴһ򽣰ţΪУƲ
ڵԺһֱ̬ȡ
ȴ󱳾£ӽĿֱָɽŮ洹ԺȥҲȻ顣
ΪŮ洹ĿȻСŮ̫ſȸĵϵᣬ۸Ů洹Ψһһƿ֡Сɫ̡֮ڣ츳֮ȻΪ֮ųŮ洹񾳵һˡ
һŮӡӿڡ
ȻŮȷ˵á
ӵͷǻҪעŮ洹һʯĵӣݱõϢǰݿɲ򵥣̫ʱŮ£˲Ѿǰ䣬ŲΪɾԲСˡ
ʯ
һݣμס֡
˭
ʵ
ϣΪԺҹԶǷͬѰ֮ԶǻͿȻ
һ˫üѩӵһͫף쳣ӿڣͳһɶصĴԡ
һڣٵӵĿⶼȥƶЩ⡣
Ҳ΢΢һڳ˵ǧԺڶӡӣһΪѴﵽһֹĪĵز
ǧ̫һλħ֮ĺᣬѪ֮ͨ죬˫
ĴڣΪ˻ŵһԵںܶǰ̤۾ΪԺһͳϡ
ǧ𾹿ڣΪǵԺеҹԶСɾ̫ˡ
֪ҹ񾳲Ųʮ¶ѣĿܺǻȳѾõϹȣ
ǿȻҲǧˡ
£ǧҹǻꡢȻԱȣЩʼϲˡ
ȻڳҲҹ񾳽ʱһֱֱռŷ֮񾳵ĵһڶ
ֱǰЩ꣬˸ͬһƾ񾳽磬ʱ˽ʱһ𾪵ĵΪ̾
ɱϾǲŸոսʮѣΪĿжǿ
һ̣ǧȴûע⵽ΧĿ⣬ƽҹҹϵĺᣬλŶ̫ʱںųҹףһκεɵֵĿֲڡǴŲҹ̳浱µһƷۼ
Ʒۼ
ڳ˵ɫڿʼ
˵ĹâһֱҹڸǣֻעҹĴڡ
ǧɫͫ׷һ˵Ĺ󣬡˽Զף츳ǡλκһ棬ѷɫҹ֮һֱҹ֮󣬾ڴΨҹһ
ԣԶ˼ĬȻ
ǹŰϣ˿ȴǺ¶һĨͣ˵Ĳҹ֮䣬ֻһĲ𣬵Ժ˶ˣעѪܾԹƽˣ½ֻһĲƽҲ֮Ĳࡣ
ϣвͬ
һӡӿڡ
޷
ӵȻ
˵ҹ츳͸Ƕƿվ񾳵ʱ̫̣߱ս
ӡ˵꣬ͱǧϣһԵԺԣ㲻ʲôֻҪӵлԵԴʱ޷һλ޵ߵͻͽ
˶٣֪ԺΪô˶۵лȡ֮ǰѿˡػžУ⣬ΪֻԲزˡ
ػž
һŤת£ʱĹؾǧ꣬Źȥһչǲ˼顣
޵ƿصʱͬʱֻսԼһвĶϡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ÿһ񾳴ڶԣԶƿزʱ֮ʶʱ޷ӡ
ⲢζţǱ߱Ťת¡ıʱ
ĻϹֻˡ
ʱգʱͿռͳƣһң档
˵޵ڶԾʱڻ֮һƬʱգֻʱģսĻµıǨһнԶָֻ
֮ʱ֮κ񾳴ţȴܹӵıתʱ֮ܡ
ʱӳ١ʱӡʱ䳱ϫһеսֶΣվֻսֶΣһʱͷų޷ôڡ
ʶ֪Ժػžҹʱ˶ʱһĬȻͬǧĹ۵㡣
Ҫ֪ǡػžҲ˵ͿģҪλһ֣ķ䣬ܹһζѡ
ɴҲɼԺΪҹ۵лȡ˶Ѫ
£ȥСҹ߱ܣǿɾĹʲԷ⣬ˡ


1835 ͼı
Ŀһɨˣڵһλһϡ
һͷΪβ󣬴ǳһ˿Цݣһˬѵζ
ϵϢͬҲ񣬺ů磬˼ΪǶеȫͬԵúܶء
ԺӡӶط
һλΪԺ㡱ҫ޵ǧ꣬һ·߸ͽδκζ֣
ʣһΪϵϣ̫УһΪ
񣬶Ҳǵкպңܹ֮׵ģҲֻϡ塣
طǵ񶫻ͳ츳׿Խһλһս塱
˿̣ⶫطʱҲһĨ֮⣬طأ
طЦɽĹҲһɣ
Դ赭дϸΪڷܡ
֣ȴǳƬ̣ͷԴɣɽһĵӣȷһǿ֡
طЦЦȴδԡ
ϣ˵ɽΪӦþĲǹԡ
Ȼһӡӿڣӵһͷɫɫ𪣬ͬ֬ʯǷӢǷͶ֮䣬Ƴݣƽһɽӵİ֮
ˣӡӹĽ
Ŷ
˼
ڵӿ˴۵ϣӦþıǳϫ
Ľڣɽ֮յĵʮͽܣҲڽЩűϤӹɣʵһϵǿ󡣡
ϫ
֣ڳ˵ķӦԶͬɹЦ˲мɻȴ¶һĨأһ㡣
ԭڣϫʱ̫̣˶ӡ̫ģΪֹϢҲ󶼺ɽ״ӵйء
йľ飬ȴ֮١
ΪֹڳҲ֪ӵçŻնɱ˲𣬶ʱҲһγڹҰС
ٺϹҲй飬նɱҶϺҶ㣬նɱ϶ɵ۾
һվǴţ˭Ҳ޷ȷǳϫǷ紫ǰǿ
ԶԣڳЩԺӶԳϫ˽ҪһЩΪǰλеʮӡذϴͳϫ֣ܵһܡ
ȻһսĽֹһȴԺϫɽһ״ӣȷӵѰ֮󼰵ǿս
Ҳ˰ˡ
֮еĲ˿ϫԶԶûǻꡢȻҹֵӡ
ʶĽϫʱŻ˸ԲͬķӦˡ
˵
ӵ̬ȴЩ֣ƶԴ˼ȤһЩʲô顣
ذʦܶԾҿҳ֣Ҳֻһܹ¡
ĽƬ̣㼴˵ΪҾǣ¼Ϊ͵ز¶˸ǳĶ־Բɲˡ
ԴǺ࣬ò˶΢΢Щ⣬ɫҲǱ治١
ʦ˵Һʹ˽֣սʱҵѹѾԺͶʦ
һֱĬذϴڣڳ˳ȻԶû뵽ذϴȻǳϫ˺ʹʦֶطͬһεĴڣ
˵Ĳ
ӺȻ̾˿ɫͱĮ֮˴α֮ЩΨһҪǵģʵϫ
ɫȻЩԾ
ǰЩ죬̫ϽʥԳ棬ѺҵԺЭ飬ڴ˴۵Уһа취ȫԸӣֹŵأ
һڣͶһĵϢ
ʱֹԺ̫ϽһҲԴΪĿ꣬ȫѹԳϫΪ׵ɽӣ
羪ף𵴴УһڵӽԶĬڳ׿ʼϫ
ǲԭ򣬵ȻܹԺ̫Ͻһ֪ºε֮ͬѰ
ȻһжҪ۵ȵĹ£ǵĿǽŵء
ӵĮǣˣ
ף
Ӧ
Ǳ汾һɡ
һӣ󲽳ȥ

̫Ͻ̡
ƽС
ʥϥһƬ׹ɽ֮ϣɽ£һƬѪ

ʥӵӰ沿ܲӡ°߲ĺۼԶԶȥһȥ߰㣬޳֮
һһƬǡ
ȻһӰԶӹѪŲƶڰ׹ɽϣʥ룬ۼշ̣ǻ곤ڵʮλ񾳳Ҳշһ뿪
ϢѴշˣ
ӿڣ֮Щĸо
ǡ
һӰش
°ɡ
ӻ˻֡

һӰתŲƶȥ
ӣԺǱ߿Ϣ
һӰ뿪ãһϣڤڤڵٿȻ׹ɽϡ
һʱ֮䣬Ѫֹعڳţһ
ৣ
ԭޱȣߵʥٿȻԭޱȵӿһĨ䰵ڵĹĿƿһͨĴţ
Ѿ׼׵
һ̣һڤѯӾǺ¶һĨ
ܺãǰ̫һº۵ȿʼʱá̡

Ȼһƺ˹ܣڵȴһεٻ
һ̣ӰѻΪһ̣ȥ

Ժ
йŵ
λԺ˴۵ȣɱ֡
Ժϰϻӳڣ׷ׯ࣬һǵ۾ڣ¹˽ڵԺӵż
͵ˡ
йŵУŲԺϰԣԶ׷׿ڡ
λ˴۵ȷͬѰ򲻿ɵˣԺλҪչ£򣬿ǻԺԳֳʹ
һһٶ
һڵԺϰϽԶһݡ
ˣ۵ȿʼһʱ䣬λ׼ĴͬǰλǰӴˡ
ӻ˻֣һ̸
Ȼת뿪йŵҴԺһؾС
ʦй۵ȵһ׼񣬾͵ȴ˴ʢῪʼˡ
ؾУ񿪿ڡ
Ĳмǣ۵ȿʼ֮ǰɽ˴۵Ĺǰй¶
һؾ𣬡ôҲǷֹⷢƻ۵Ĺƽ
ʦģ˴۵ȵĹֻҺӮʦ֪ݻйȥ
ӳ
Ӯأ
һĬˡ
ûһʦĪʲôף
ˣȥɡ
һ̾˿ϣֻҶˡ


1836 ʮ
ಣ
һɫҶıѹʱգããǿС
ʦ壬ֻܰǴ͵⡮춼УǵٶȣӴ˵ǰǵԺڵʥͥʱ䡣
Уͣ˵
ϫ˵ͷЦҽͣ˴ӣȻһ㰲š
ʦ̻ǡ
ϫЩΣָҲûʲôôںλ۷ǵ۾̸ʱδЩŵĸо
Ǻǣҿܹ͹ʦһϳ̵ģҲֻ̫Ͻ̳ǻ꣬ԺӡӶطŮ洹ǿȻҲһڵԺҲһ
Ȼдһ
ˣԺҹ򲻿С֮ˡ
˴۵ȹǰ۷񾳴ڣһЩǺбҪġ
ٺ٣ֶȤͼɿɴӲԸսˣǼֱ۸ǣû˼
ЩۣϫҲЩ棬ǿеǻꡢطȻЩ˾жǿ
룬ʦ壬ҿɲȥЩˣվǴţοеĸ֣ɲҲͬǸˡ
ϫЦ⻰ǲ
仰ȻУ񾳻Ǽ˲õĴڣȰǵ۾Уһ񾳶ֽ㡣
νĸ߶ȲͬĽǶȻҲͲһ
ʦ壬飬ұȥָˡ
ĿƳһ۴ա
Ŷȥɡ
ϫ˵ͷȥıӰǷһĨŹֵĻȡ
Ȼϣ봬֮ԭֵٿȻһһʧ
ÿϫ֪ǰԡϡͼǾŸ񾳵Ӵ˿̱ȻһΣȻӣҶһ˿
ͺñèһ㡣
ԭܼ򵥣㿴ò㣬񾲣ɶԴµʱȴǼΪׯ࣬ҪҲΪϸ˭ӣⲻ˻ᱻسͷһ١
ȻЩҪ󼸺йأʶǶ侴ηҲĴԹˡ
ϫˣһЦϲķΧ֪۵ǰأԿԱһƽģʲôʲôΪǣΪţνÿоˡ
ûٸпʲôϫԼľС

ϣ
һԻǰĵӯȻ֮ϡ
һ͹ӣֵͨɫ񽣳ڳϫǰУһƲȻλƵĻ

꣬ϫϰ׵ָ£űлȡһ顰̥ЧܹΪ鱦Կ֮
żȻôرóϫϣطḁ̇̄С
ϰ׵˵ʮ꣬Գ׼ȡ̥̺֮һɱΪһ鱦
ʱڳϫǰģɱΪ鱦Ľ
ڣĽͨһӨɫӯһءϡ֮
ˡ
ϫָ籡ӿ뽣Уʱ֮һɶĿĽâƬʱȻ𣬷ƿҪܲסѹ
ʦ壬˺£
һɲǣ⴫͸һ˿ɡ
û£ڼһ
ϫһѹסϢȴǰԾֻһϢλǵ۾ע⣬Ϊ鱦֮Ľƿʵͬ졣

ưһҲʧ
ϫ룬ջǰѽ˽ѱޱȣʱȥԣֻ¸ⲻȫˡ
˽֣Խһѧ׷ӳˣһɿ۵ʱһذգس
ϫĿһسϡ
ͽͬ˽ָа룬һ磬࣬⻬羵ӡһصĵƣտȻ¹ƵӨӨԡ
س鱦佣ȴһ鱦ɣͬǿ֮
˽һλ̤ռ;ϵͨǿ֣֮뵽۾֣֮ڻԵɺ֮£Ϊ˳ϫ彣
ˣΣյټýҲ٣Ѱʱ򣬵ǿһֱسսˡ
ϫƬ̣ϡ
سܲҲܺϺϫ⣬ʵþʹϻУʹɳˡ

ת֮䣬Ѿʱȥ
ǵԺڵʥͥ𽥳ҰС
һƯǿеĴ½󣬺بһƬѤĿǺ룬ǹ׳嫡
ţǡ춼翪ʱڱӴһϴ½µıǨѳΪϹ򶼺պһڡ
ԭֻһƬ½Сʥͥ弫֮һĵԺ̾ڴˣ
ʦ㿴˴۵仹ʮʱ䣬ȴ޵ߴ˷
ϣָԶ˵
ܹһѤݹ⻮ǿգӲͬԶʥͥӿȥ
ԶԶȥͷ·һƬһƬХʣעĿ
ࡣ
ϫҲп
ǰϹпǰһʢᣬ˲֪޵߷ҪĿһʢ
ԡϡͼɵȾɽҲ¶һĨڴ
߰ɣȥʮǡ˴βμ۵ȵ޵ߣԶǰȺԺͳһţ۵ȿʼʱʮǱ㽫׷գԷţʱУǲ֮¡
˵ʱԦʱգٿȻʥͥ
һʱ䡣
ԶԶأϫǱܹһεضĹǣǻֺΡĳǰͬˮ޵ߡ
ȥѵͷɽ˺
˵˭ܹʮУơ
ʲôƣ㲢δ˵
ܿ죬һ˱ִʮ֮ǰ
ಡ
ˣܿӰһȳ㣬ӿǳУ׳ۡ
öˣ
ͼۣͭһֱɽУ˳纣ľ
ٶ࣬޹ô
㵭ȻƳͼһۣŵú߶ʱ죬ҶԣǾͷޱȵʦ³ɽһĻҲ֪θ롣
˵仰㽫ĿɨǰѰʲô
ѣϷˡ
أһˬʴЦڳǰĲٿȻ𣬽һлȻѹȥ
һͯպ׷ɷǵİߣƮȻ
ⰫߣڳȺԶֹһ˿ݣȻϳǰߵݡ
ϫҲͬϳߣǵԺһϣƺ۾
ϫһηɽʱ۾һ̸
Ѿõˡ
Цż
ɽǵһִġ
۾ȻһЦһƬƣѣһǰɡ
Ǿˡ
΢΢һЦųϫһ̤ƣ۾ٿȻӿս뵽ʮС
ɽЩɽĴˣ
죬Ϲصϵͳд˳ʱˣ
ϫǸһ뿪ǳǰԭգȻƣը˹


1837 ڶ
Ǿɽˣ
ʮǰ糱ˮ޵ߣһ̶ȷ֮ǰǸ۾һ뿪һˣȻɽɡ
ӴϾͿԿѰ޵ǰʵʵŶӣܼ飬Žš
ɽһȫֹͬһλԵԺĵ۾ϰϽӴֱӾͶݿսˣ
ɽϹصϵͳôȥˣǵĴˡ
˸п꣬϶ԣɽʵ̫ˣǴ˴۵ʢǰ޵Ⱳֻ¶Եüɽ˵ټ
Ҽ˵˴ɽλ״ӳϫҲμӵһ۵Уʵڴ
ǺǣҲ˵ˣϫЩǵ˲ٵѱ̫Ͻж˴۵ϣҿɺڴϫ̫Ͻ֮ĶԾˡ
ߣ֪ϫʮǰŲ񾳽磬񾳽磬ʲô̫Ͻǿսˣ˴̫Ͻ̿ɳǻȿ
ЦɽɲֹϫһǰǻҲ˿Կˡ
ˣʱ۵ȿʼˣȻһ

۷׷֮ʣԶУһ𶯣ӿֳһƬɫƣ˸ҫ۳ʢ
ǺɫϣȻһƾ˵Ӱ
Ϊ׵ģһۣɫᣬϢɱ꣬һԶŴħ㣬ˡ
̫Ͻ̺۴˾շ򣡡
̫Ͻ̵ˣ
ǳǰһڻȻʱȻֹѻȸžһƬ϶ƵӿһĨļɵ
Ϲ޵߶ԣ̫Ͻħ䣬ᡢɱ¾
ϵͳĴˣû˸ˡ
Һã̫Ͻ̺ۼշһ˵ִ֮󣬾ͱһλԵԺĽϰϽߣת˲ʧʮС
ֱʱǳһ޵ųһԶһظģ
ɼ̫Ͻ̵ĵִڸղŴǺεȴѹ
û뵽ɽյִ̫Ͻ̺ž͵ǱĴҲ֪ᷢεˡ
˸п˸֪ͣɽ̫Ͻ̵ĹϵͬˮΪ˫һǳȤĺܡ
ûãԶУٴδһҲһɾϹŽŵͭ¡¡ѹŲ
˭ˡ
ڳһĿ׷˹ȥ

ʮǰע֡
һжͳϫ޹ء
˿һˣ۾Ĵ£ѽʮС
Ӳ񷸩ʮǼֱͬһ㣬ӴĲ󣬽ֵݺύϵĽ۴αȣһ޵ߵӰУ飬ĳˮ㣬εΪ׳ۡ
봦һΪ۵Ľ
ǽһķŶ֪֪ֱ֮ϣ
ԶԶȥӴϵĽ̾ڳеһͷԶޣ޷ͷųηĹϢ
ǱҵԺ֮أ˴۵ȣҲĻ
ָԶЦ˵
ǱǵԺ
ϫţע⵽ǹϽͨڣĽϣӡޱȸӵĽƵƣɢϢϫжԾѡ
̸֮ʣ۾ѴһһƬƧĽȺǰ
վףԺ֮̾ؽаǧ֮أʮǵڳǣǵԺ֮ˣǶ޷̤˵һġ
ѣ۵ȿʼ֮ǰֻλڴ̻һʱˡ
۾һ˽һϽУ˵ҵԺӭ֮أλʲôҪģԽЩʹȥ졣
Ҳá
˵ͷ
۾ųϫǽһϴУֱַԸһЩͯϲˮĿһɨϫˣЦû뵽˴ɽֻɳʮǰʵЩˡ
۵ֲƴҲá
㵭ȻӦһ䡣
۾Ȼͷҵˣɽͬµ٣һԶǸ֮ܳɲܹȵġ
ѣǧ꽻飬Ҫôôʲô˵޷
Ƴ˶Էһۡ
۾ʱһЦȻˣұֱˡ
ɫٿȻ˴۵ȣҵԺɻǰ㣬̬ȣκηУΨܹ֤˴۵ȵĹƽ͹һ㣬¡
㴽ǺȻһĨЦ㣬ҿҪɽʲôæˣ
۾ʱ֪Էˣæѣ֪Ҳ˼Ϊ˴ҵԺԺ۵Υ湫ƽ֮£˼ұؽԳгʹҲһ˴۵ȣһжֻܰչ£򲻿Խ˹ء
ֵض˵ЩҶǵԺһֱôν̬ȣҲɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡Ժ֮ͷΪѰˣ߶ãֲ̬ȣҲֻǵԺܰĳˡ
۾ɫһͣЩԶԡ
㣬Ϊɽ˴εӣֻ˵һ㣬ȻҪ֤۵ȵĹƽǴҶ밴ذˣƻ˹أɽɾӦˡ
㵭ƽȴǰ¶
Ȼ
۾ͷ
Ƕ˽̸УϫӽԶԹۣҲ岻ϻ
ֱʱ㷴۵ȵĹƽ͹أóϫвЩɻ
ѵȿǰʢУ˵ƻ˹زɣ
ǳʱʦ͵˴ŵλʦһ֡ݹִ˴۵гʲôȴ޷ݳʶǽԶСһЩ
ϴĴȻƿ˳ϫɻ

ϫײУаһ۵ȲԼǰ򵥰
ڴʱȻһͳӮصѣɽλͬЪϢ֮أ
ǡ
һˬЦҲ֮
Ӯʦ֣ôˣ
۾һ
һд˿ȴȻһĨ⣬ָɫһ񾲴ݡ
ܿ죬һŲڴ
ʦܺɽλͬˣ̫Ͻ̵ͬǰݷã
һˬһĽ̤߽˴С
Ȼ˱۾еġӮʦ֡ˡ
˿̳ϫǵĿȴֱӺĿԶһˡ
ӳģһۣϢɭȻꡣ
󣬾ǸʮǿߣƺƵ
Ȼ̫Ͻ֮
ϫɫԶ䵭ȴЩɣǴ˿ǰҪ
Ȼѣϸǿһǧʮδıˡ
ɳУǺ˫ָ̤˴һ㡣


1838 ڮ
ۣ̫꣬Ͻ̺۴˾շһλǵ۾ڡ
ͬʱշҲǴ˴̫Ͻ̲۵ȵӣ󷽵ʮλ̫ϽǿߣǽҪμӴ˴۵ȵ޵ߡ
һ̣շһ˲ʲôˡ
еձš
ϫɫ䵭ϥڰǰһȻûһ˿ӭ͵˼
۾ЩɲĿڴǰġӮءƲΪҪ̫Ͻһ޵ǰ
շƻȻûע⵽յ΢˿̽ԶѽС
ȻҲϵշ򣬵շĻͷҲ̧ȻȷѾһûˣֻǿϧʦܣʱΪֻ¾޷վǰˡ
ƽˮȴ͸һĨļžտĴлصݡ
շȻһƤЦⲻЦѹȻüԣԴʦɥ֮ұһֱڵȴһΪʱϧʱ͹ɽһֱδҲǿô꣬оǺࡣ
һϯɳ͸һԹɢУϫǽԶһ
̫Ͻ̺۴˾շʦ֣һǰɥУ
ˣշ˴ǰòѰİɣ
һ㣬۾Ӯص۾λԺϰƶʶ˿̽Զɫ΢΢һ䡣
գ綳ᣬѹֱֵ
ô˵ʦֱģ
̧ͷһԶշ򣬴ȴǷһĨεļڽȣƾͣɸġ
һλǵ۾˿ȴֱһǵ۾α¶ԼĲмδ˸еЩͻأͻ
Щɽȴֵúƽһ֮еģǺԼʦ壨ʦж
ϫҲδе⣬ΪԼ;һЩ羳ɱе飬ټɽһѰϵǿߣԲԴ˸еʲôס
Щ̫Ͻ̵˻ȴԶɫһ
շͬҲˣ壬㣬ɭȻһԣô֪أ
ջĿ⣬ٲշһ̧ۣһˮһڣ˵ȰñԣʦֱΪ߳磬δҴ棬ʦֻҪһЩ
һ仰շɫȻ΢΢һ䣬Ϣɱ
ۼսţһ۾Ҳסæλѣ˴δҽԶΪ۵ȶ򲻿ΪһЩ˽£ƻ˴˴۵ĺλԸ⿴ġ
ЦЦÿɷ
շˣҲһЦѱᣬ˴ǰֻһڵӣʶһ´˴β۵ɽӣõʱ۵ʱϴˡ
˵ţĿŲƿ˳ϫһϣüë¶һĨŹ֣ʮˣǺǣɽǰǰš
У͸һĨ
շʦ壬ҿǲţǿ
Ȼһ̫Ͻ̵俪ڣһϮۣտݣӥǣʱ
ʲôҲǿҪҪڱȻȻ˭ˣΣ
žһͼİڣһͭƵĴ۶ݺݶ˹ȥ
ӥɫһȻЦϹʲôҪս۵ȿʼʱԻ㳢˵ֶΣһΣǿɲΪս
˵ţĿһɨЩɽӣ˭ǳϫվǿ
仰ζԵüΪˡ
ˣʦҲԽеģ
ͼվ۾ָӥӴȵ
ʦ棿
û룬ͼɵĳƺӥ΢΢һȻЦųߵͬôһΪСӣȻΪǵʦ棬
Ҳ¶һĨ죬ٶЦ
ž
أ赭дһ֣ӥӻδӦʱ㱻һεĶݺݳϣպףڱѪݶɽš
Ȼ˷һҺ˵ɳʮɣغ«Ƶڵϳ鴤ѣƵġ
һĻ̫죬˭Ҳû뵽Ϊһλ۾ڣ˵ֱ䶯֣ҶԸĻһλ̫Ͻǿߡ
Ǻ۴˾շʼϲȥȡ
㣡Ǻ⣿
շ࣬ԴСȥԸһӣ湻ģ
һССӣҳڮʦ壬ûɱѾ㹻ˡ
㵭ȻеڶΣշ͵ǿڷʴʵСһʬɡ
һݣԶԸĻԲǻ˵ģ˵쵽
һλǵ۾ڣ˿ȴΪһ񾳡ʦ塱Ȼ֣Щ̫Ͻ̵ɫ΢΢仯֮࣬ҲٲóϫݿЦ
ϫĿһУҲпѣɽĴ·ˣ£Ҳ£ƣұ㣡
˼򵥰̫Ͻ̣ʲôˣմ
λ뿴ҵԺϣĪҪҵЩˡ
۾æٴοڣȴǰԹӮص۾Ϊΰ̫ϽЩһˣѵ֪̫Ͻ̺ɽһֱͷ
ǺǣѲΪѣǴҪҳϫһҾˣ뿪ɲӭĿˣ
ʱ򣬳ϫȻȻڣһӽĿ˹
շ۾ϫ
Щ̫Ͻ̵ӣҲŸָӳϫҪϿһЩʲô㡣
ʧǣϫϢȻӱҲʲô
ȴμס˳ϫģٲȻһģ
һ̣ǵԺӮص۾ҲڴϫɫƽҲ֪˼ʲô
˵ʱɱ̫Ͻ̲ͬţ̫Ͻ̵䱦ͭǮ
Ȼһ̫Ͻ̵ӿڡ
ԵüΪرһͷѪҫۣɫʯͦ㣬һӿȻԣԵԨĻ棬ǡ
һ˳ǹƿͱƲ񷣬ӯһֱ֮һеİ㣡
ʦ壬ӱǻ꣬ǰ̤񾳣ųơһڵǷͷ޶δ۾Ȼĳطѹ˾磬Ϊֻ¾ǵȴ˴νŵصĻᡣ
ϴóϫʱǺӵݣУҲһݣΪ˽ŵأϧѹƾ꣬һ湻̵ġ
ϣȴǵȻɱΪǸɱ䱦ͭǮֻսƷˡ
⻰˵úǺ۴˾շɫһ֮
ǻĬƬ̣ȴЦЦͷ˾ͺãһٴжġ
ԴǴݣȴζ֮⣡


1839 Ϊ
˵գǻתͷߵշʦ壬߰ɡ
շڣȻٴδһʱ죬Ŀȥ
һ̣ҲһˣĿ˹ȥ
ٺ뵣ǣԺҲҪݻһɽͬκͼ
Ȼӵ˵ˣǱɡ
һӰڴ֮⡣
Ϊһߣݸ㣬ǵԺһϰϣٺ㡣
ٺԱߣһϮۣ뷢ɫĮг֮ɫԺͳϳӣ
Ժʮӡӣʮִ¡Ϥڳ󣬷ȥҲǺƺƵһƬ
Ժӣ
һɲǼ䣬̫ϽշˣɽˣԶϳݡ
̫Ͻշɫ졣
ɽɫԶ䵭
ڳ֮УΨ۾нп಻̫Ͻ̸ԺֺŸϵôˣ
̲סһһӮص۾ȴ΢΢ҡͷʾҲԺΪλͻȻ١
۾أо̫֮Σ̫Ͻ̺ԺֻѰϵ
ףˣ̫Ͻλǰһ
ʱ򣬳ӵҲע⵽˴е̫Ͻշˣ׷״к
ӵѣþòˡ
շЦ
̫Ͻ̺ԺԶǲǿԳƵǿˣʱȴɽ֮ػຮǲģΪǲǴ˴ˡ
̬ȣ۾Щȥü̾˿Цѣ뵣һ
㵭ǵԺŲܣȴɽһҿ»ᵣ𡣡
ԴУ¶һĨ۾ɫһͣҲŭѣӮغٺҲ̫Ӧã̫ܰϽ̡Ժ˵أ
ϣһˣһðѽӳԺϰϻӡ
ӷִ˴۵ȣ﷢һУ֪ˣ
ڴʱȻĿ̫Ͻ̡ԺɨŵȻû뵽쾹ô֣Ķˡ
һ仰ԭںѵշͳӽԶһĿ⳯㿴
Ҳ±óš
Ķˣ⻰˵ĿǺȻ˿̵Ѷһ˿ŭ
ֻ˿ɫ񾲵ȻҲǲһ˿ӣ˵ɣΪζ
üѣ⻰ɲǴ֮
ޱ飬ҿɲѣԺͬҲɽѣĪҪˡ
ɫһͣӿȻЦ㣬㲻ضŭ۵ȻûʼھЩˡ
˶٣Ǵ˴ǰɽһλ״ӣ˵Ǵѩʦܣ˲õĺܣҲ̲סʶʶ
һΪϫģ
ԡϡͼɵȾɽӽԶЩ⣬Ȼû뵽Լλʦ棬ֹ̫ϽΪʱԺҲҪһ
Ȼְݼע߲ƣ
ȻҲʶһ㣬΢΢üиһĨģ̫Ͻ̡ԺԶڶνĿֱָϫȥ
־еһ˿ͬѰζ
ΪˣϫȴǺ̫Ͻ̺Լǿ⣬Ͼʱɱ˲֪̫Ͻ̵ӣǽϹУҲв̫Ͻ̵Լ
񽫡
ټԼƻ̫Ͻ̡Ҷϡ֮ĺ£̫ϽԼǲŽй¡
ԺĿ׼ԼϫҲܲµһЩԭ򣬴źԼƻǺϵĺйأֻû뵽ԷΪ˶ԸԼԵȲ
طʦ֣ǧʦ֣λʦʦãǿλɽ״ӳϫѩʦܣǰذʦܱһսղδֳʤΣλϫѵʵǺ˲á
ʱȺеĹĽȻڣЦͬԶĳϫ
ৣ
һӣԺЩӡִµĿ⣬Ҳ˳ϫ
ָоóϫüһ˿죬ͺԼǶ㣬ڱιۡ
ʦ壬ﲻͰǺȥ
Ƴһ۳ϫƿϫЩԣʱӿһĨâ
δдһ֣شÿ˶У̫Ͻ̡ԺЩ˵ɫһ
ôѷǵӭǣҪְߣ
ĮϾ֮ɫЩ̫ˡ
ôӻҲҶ֣ǺշһҲģ
ȻƽУٿȻƮ裬쳯ȥÿһ£Ƭеձɱһ֣оͶһ纮̹ǵĿɲϢ
һ˲ѣ˶ɫһ䣬һ̵ŭˡ
һУһ̫Ͻ̺ۼ˾շһۣղ㣬һ̣˱֮ƣ㡣
սһ
㡢ӮءٺλԺϰϼˣһʶҪȥֹһз
ɾΣֵĹͷȻһƵӴ
ְû뵽̫Ͻ̡ԺĵѶˣôǸòŮ洹һǰݻɽѵİɣ
Ů洹
Ӻշײ΢΢һ
Ҳ΢΢һǲһĨڽĻȣָŴ⣬ڣǿ뿪ˣٵ飬ɽĵˣ
ߣôˣЩ̫ˡ
͵һ˴⣬ΪһϹѣڷ٣ţʥׯŮӡ
꣬Ȼ㣡
˴Ů洹ǰʵ⡣
ŮݣӺշƶЩ⣬ɫز١
꣬Ů洹һλǵ۾ϣ˵ỺʵǸңɱʵҲɲ⣬ӺշǺ᲻ϵöԷˡ
꣬߰ɣǴǴӲμ۵ȵģԹ۵ȽٽҲԡ
㿪ڣȻҲʶ
ŶȻһΣ´ζʱҲҵġ
һЦ
ʱ˵
ҲЦЦ
ʲôеʱ˵´ҲһΣ
۵
˽̸ֱӾ̫Ͻ̺ԺշͳӵɫҲ֮
ǸߵĵӣҲյı仯ü첻ԡ
գһЦٲһԣŸµӷȥ
ˣӮغٺλԺϰæǣȻ׷ȥǸӴ̫Ͻ̺ԺԲҵˡ
һӣӰһ룬۾סгһ
֪յһ粨ƽϢˡ
̫ͬϽ̡Ժձֳ̬˴ε۵ϣֻ±ԤлҪˣ


1840 ʼį
̫Ͻ̺Ժһ޵Ȼȥԭŵնʱ١
εǶлˡ
㿴Ů洹˵
ҲƾֶΣӺշҲƴˣοеԺԱߣȻῴִл
һЦޱȡ
Ȼ鲻̸֮ʣѴһ˽
ϫȻһ
һһȻ𣬴ޱȵļ
һɲǣȻ䣬ԡϡͼɵɽҲɫһĿˢˢķȥ
һŮ洹ӣͦ㣬Ȼǳ
ڴ˴θǰŮ洹УʮòƮݵŮӣǹ°㣬ӳĵôԵüΪۺر
ǴӿڣŮ洹޵Ҳ΢΢һЩ⣬аֹѵɽϫг
۾Ƥײس鴤һ£пɬϫĳδ̫˰ɣϻǵ
Щ졣
ȴƻȻû۾۾ųϫ˳
վס
кէ֣жȴȻ֣˿̳ϫҲһĨŭȻЦ
ֲôɽ뿪ʱʦԣ˴۵ȣܻ͹꣬ȴû뵽һ
ӣȻʯ
Ů洵ӣͳϫһ𴳵֮򣬽ꡣ
Ȼ쵰
ʯǰһȭݺڳϫϣֽסҲЦôȥӿһˡ
ϫҲЦòȻޱȣط꣬һսѣоʵ˾ϲˡ
˼ˣסЩȻŷӦԭѡ
һ£Ů洹ˣɽˣ۾Ҳס˿
û취֮ǰȺ̫Ͻ̡Ժڶìͷֱָϫǿʵģٷˡ
Һãһе֤Ƕġ
ֻǶû뵽ǣϫʯʶҽԺܲͬѰӡ
ʦ壬ȻˣǱһúİɡ
㺬Ц
ԣ
ϫæ
Ȼעֹˡ
ڣ̸һʵٴδӴ
ϫϴΪһЩ񾧣ͰҳˣҵԺĵϣҵҪһʲô͡
еԵЩڣѰġ
һӣ̫Ͻ̣ɽˣԶüѣһѰģ
Ψ۾ɫȻһ䣬޷򶨣վ壬еôСҲ֣
δ£ǴѳһӰһӣںڳ磬Ө𪣬һſ䵶̰ǷһųҹסԶȻ
ϲ޶پƣƽƽ򵥵ӯһɴζ
ȻǵҹϺᡪҹ
ҹ
һ˲䣬ɽŮ洹ҲϳӣЩ֣ʲôʱ򣬳ϫֺҹ϶ˣ
ҹ㲻ڵԺޣ
۾ü
ʲôȻϫļһ
ҹ˫ָ˽
һ̣ϫȴЦˣӻɹˣ
һ仰ҹɫһͣǺȻ̾˿ЩɺһҪһͽҿĵ˰̺òã
˵ţǻȻΧͶĿ⣬һƨһǰ
Թһƣһͣųϫ˵ˣҺȱơ
Ҳѣ
ʯһɻ
Ҳ֣оϫҹ֮ĹϵδԵЩء
ǰɡ
ϫ룬˵
ʲôǣǿɲѣΣŲ档
ҹƲ˵һƣ˵ҲǵˣֻǶ֣˴۵ϣڴıܹ㽻֡
˴ʱѿҹ޶⣬Զɾ裬
ϫҲǰ£ҹ˼Ϊʲôƫƫ֣
ҹžƱ˼Ƭ̣˵Ϊ˴β۵ȵ޵Уֻͬһˡ
ԣ˲Щ⣬ǶԳϫʵһϿ
Ϊʲôô˵
ϫʵ
ܼ򵥣ŶˣüǼһ֮⣬㿴˴βμ۵ȵĵӣ˭ǽЩŽ񾳽ģ
ҹȻ˵˵ʱ䳤̲ܴһУȴжϳһ޵߱츳ʡǻꡢطЩһһʵȷǿ󣬵ʱ̫ˣһϹ㣬ҿúǶԱȡ
ҿҲǽЩŽ񾳡
һʯ̲סڵ
ʯɣǰŮǰߵ̵ͯӣ־˼䣬ϹҲûʲô𣬻ҸϫȣδЩ۸ˡ
ҹȻһЦ٩
ἰǰ֮£ʯʱЩƣ̾Ϣ
أҲеϹˣ
Ȼһ𣬿ڵŮ洹һŮӣɫѣ쾱ѩ޳ɣ¶һ޾ףƥľա
̬ŵӨԸеĺ촽߹һĨЦ⣬Եʶأׯ͸һޱȵζ
Ůҹ΢΢һУ¶һĨײأЦλ̫ſȸȻˣǿȸһĺ츳أ˵Ϲֻȫ˶Ӧˡ
Ȼ
ϫʶŮŮ洹񾳵һˣ
ҹĴ𸴣Ȼֻ΢΢һЦ㲻ٶԡ
ҹȴ̲ס֣վҪڸյʵϣ˴۵ȣΪҵṩһһߵ͵̨ʱܹͿ׹д裬ߴͽ̡
۵ȻδʼȻսˣ
ʱ˵ɡ
Ȼ
ôΪҲĶ֣
ҹü
ֻǰĿ̫Ͻ̡Ժϡ
Ȼҡͷ
ҹüͷô˵ֻ̫ϽǻԺطǲʸ㽻֣
ȻȤѵ㲻֪Ů洹̫Ͻ̡ԺĹϵôã
ҹ׹ε֮ҿ飬ˣ͵û˵
˵⣬ȻϫòҲİɣ
ϫҡͷֻŻȡһŵصû̫ࡣ
˴۵ȵĿģ׻ǽŵأһжҪ
ȻԴΪȻ
Ǿ͵۵ȿʼʱǱһȣλУ˭ܹеĶʮɡ
ҹЦһ𣬡λиǡ
˵գƮȻȥ
һʤͦǿġ
ʯȻ
ϫЦЦûж˵ȴЩд
յִʮǶ̶̲ʱ䣬Ŀ̫Ͻ̡ԺŮ洹ǵԺһЩͬڣõóϫҲǳʶ˴۵ȵĶ֣кε֮ǿ
Ԥ۵Ļһ죬ȻһһޱȵĿˡ
ڴˣϫη壬෴ͬڴ
͸ֶԾŲ̫į


1841 ķ
ʮ
һֽջƺڰڿն貽ԣʮΪϵĳǽͿĨһɫԻһƬ
ܼĿֵϣ˿ȴ֯һƬ޵Ӱ
ÿϣд˷ܡڴ羴
Ϊ죬۵Ļӣ
˺ܶ࣬޷Ҳֵ޷ټһƬϳǳأǱˮйͨ
޵ߣԶǰЩӴϹ˷۶ΪľĿһɡ弫һٰһǰʢᣡ

˴۵ȣڵԺеġĻʱЩˣֻǸȥ
Ҳ˵ֻԵ򶥼еĴʸ롮й񡣡
Ǻǣλصģҿ˵۵ȿʼʱ򣬵ԺῪһĻӳʮǿУͨ⡮ĻԽ۵Ϸһгֳ
ãǿ۵ϷһУǿ̫ĥˡ
Űɣٹʱ˴۵ȱ㽫Ļʱ弫޵ǣʼ½Ժˡ
еĴСϣۣ޲йش˴۵ȵģԵޱȡ

ȻǸˣȥԺ
ϢĽֵϣһ꺬Цü磬ӰΡ룬ǵ峤Զ
ԶߣֹȻ޺ۡ𾣡ˮһӰ
ͳϫһçŻдʱ꣬ǾǾһʮǣȻҲΪ˴۵ȶ
Ҳδ̫ˣ궼δʢֱǿ˸ǰδУ
޺۾̾һ·ϣǼ̫޵ߣвһЩԶĴһЩ򾳵ĸˣҲһۻңĿϾӡ
òȫͷĴǣѻʮ˰ɣղҿǷҶϡϡϡǵҲǰˡ
ҲǶݲѡ
ϧǽٶ̫˵ҲԺͳϫһ뵽һƾʢС
ˮȴ̾˿ЩʣҲЩʧ䡣
ԣȻ޺ۡҲЩӡ
çŻʱǺͳϫһͬΪΪϲԵ
񣬲Źȥ̶ʮ䣬ϫȴе۷ΣԶԶ˾롣
˵Ҳѽ񾳣ɱϾֻڵĴڣۼսǶ޷ЩеϹ׵ġ
ʶȻûʸ뵽һ۵
˲ɿǴ˴ǰΪϫһˡ
޺ȻһЦοʸ뵽һ۵УҲֻΣҲ䲻ϵġ
仰ʵ顣
˴۵ȣһΪ弫ĵ׼£жʮһΪȫ۷徳ǿ׼ֻ
ĵģǵ弫֮۵ȣںߣ򼸺˹ע
ԭֻһ弫ͷʵ̫ˣųϹеϴȹĶԾעܵĿˡ
˵ʥҲˣѲ뵽һ۵С
ȻȻڡ
һͳϫһı̬뵽˴۵Ҳ
޺۲ΪȻ
ǺǣֻǿϧũֻҲʸɣ
Щֻ
ԣ˲ݸ
̸֮ʣԶĴ£뵽ǵԺֺϵԺǰ
ˣ˴˵ĪҪ̸ཻС𲻱Ҫˡ
ԶһɫȻ
Ȼ˶ʱһݣҵͬ˴ܹԺģɶԵĴе޵ߣ

ȷһ죬ֹȻˣϡұϡϡϡϡҶϡȵȶУдЯǰ
֮⣬۷۾ޱۡۡȵһµĿֲڣҲʮӰ
ӹɣǱȻҲΪ˴۵ȶ
֮һ弫ٰ۵ȣٲȻѳΪϹĿĽ㣬ŸĹע

Ժ

һ޴ޱȵĹ㳡㳡֮һ۶ͷʯĵϣӡŷܵĵƣ鲼㳡ÿһ䣬ͷų˵Ϣ
̫ʱԺԺ٣ӴѲ֪ꡣ
ڵǰһΡĵΪԪ۵Ļʱִ˴δȵĵԺϰϻӣǵǰ۵Ĺˡ
ڵԺ࣬Ȼһаϯ벻°ǧ֮
ЩԶΪ˴ǰĴ׼ѰûʸλС
ʱЩϯϣӰУûǽ̸Ҳ˽ԵΪׯࡣ
ಡ
ȻһɫҶıƿնǹϵĹ㳡ϣڳĿ⡣
ɽ
һĿ£ųϫһ˴Ǳ۾ĽӦ£ڹ㳡ϵȺ
¡
֮䣬һƬɫƺն̫Ͻ̺ۼշ˵ִ
Ȼ󣬲˷ӦŮ洹ԺԺһ޵ߣҲ̶
һӣ֧Ե弫Ķ飬Զտĵϣȫնʱһ࣬һ˿̸
Щ޵ߣԶڴ巽޵ߣû˸ҿۡ
ǵ弫ƣǰ˭ˣ
ּžδá
ܿ죬ǰǹԪߴǰһΰ۾Ӱ
һϮۣ뷢ݸ㣬һһִ֮˴۵ȵĵԺϰϻӣ
ڻֱ࣬һеԺϰϣ޲ӵе۾Ϊʮ֮࣡
ȥֱͬһջ嫣ƴʮ㡣
Żһ˳֣ؼնׯޱȣΪֹ֮Ϊ֮š
Ϸ򻴿ӣִ˴۵ȣλͬ
泯ķңң֣ׯϡ쳹ؼ䡣
ѣʱĪҪڣ˴۵ȵ˰ɡ
Զ̫Ͻ̺ۼշȻڡ
ȻˣϷλԸ
УӻȻ̧ͷĿ㣬ңңԶģǣ
ĸ֣ƾ죬ٿȻɢأʮǣȫ𶯡
ģ
ǣ
ģ
ǣ
ڳһĿע£ķǰٿȻӿֳһɣӴӰԶħ䣬ź
ǺȻһĴѪħᣬؼ䣬죬޶ģΣ¡¡𵴰˻ϣ쳹ʮأ


1842 ĸ
ˣˣˣ
ķǰħ޶ģҰƺ嫡
ŹһɹɬĲ㣬ٿȻɢʮǡ
Ӳϸͷ·һ޴ޱȵĵǽǶǣһϹԽǷУԵֵµǿߵȫһ
¡
¡
ΡߴĳţһɲҲǺȻرա
һʱ֮䣬ʮǳױգ֮Խһ
ˣˣ
һӣ˴۵ȱ㽫Ļ
УСϵ޵߽Զۣ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ڵԺУڳ޵Ҳע⵽֮ı仯
֮ԷǣΪֹƻ˴۵ȡ
ڽһ䡣
ϫŻȻʶ˴۵ȵķͬѰ֮
λ˴β뵽һ۵ȵĵӣ£һٰʮˣɽʮˣ̫ϽʮˣŮ洹ʮˣԺʮˣԺʮˡ
ԪߴǰԺϰϻٴοڣʣصء
ǹޱȵĹ㳡ϣϹ˷󶥼е޵Ǹ
ȷɽ١
ϫüëȻɵʱɲЩп
ĴĻɽȷԵЩˡ
ӵ˵ţ˴۵ȺͬΣҵԺйƽԭ˴۵ȵ˳УκΥƽΪܵϿĳʹ˿⣡
ʱһұῪ硯λ۵ĵӽУ򣬽ʱԻṫ
мǣеһУУ򲻿ɺΥߣɱ⣡
ɱ⣡
֣ɱ䣬ڳжһݡ
ϫнҪ뵽һ۵ĵӣһɲǶܵһּļ档
֪һ۵ȣļľÿһӵͬһн޵еܣһ棬ܻѰˣ
㣬ǵǺ
ϫȴһʵ
Сĸǵڻ֮һرһֱƿڵԺԺУĪ⣬Ժɽġ̫֡Ͻ̵ġ֮ߡŮ洹ġʯԺġγͼᲢۡ
˵Ҳû뵽Ϊ˴˴۵ȣԺԺó˱
УҲǲһ˿Ȼ
һֹ̣ǳϫǣڳ޵ߵ硱ʱҲǳԾѣɫׯ

һƬׯŵķΧУһƴԶ
һ˲䣬ɫൽ˼£̤ǰһԣ뷢

һӣһͭգͨӨƻһְգƮǧأ⣬ҫʮء
ͬʱһһֲĻɬɢ̫Ż֮Ĵ֮ʥоؼһƬʥ
ڳһ޵߸һ
ĸ
ǵԺԺ֮ɼΪ˴˴۵ȵĽУԺԺԴҲ֮óĸ۵֮أɼһߡ
¡¡
ĸգͷ䶦ɢһ嫵ľ󣬲ϣܻ
ϫһ̧ͷգڳҲĿ˹ȥ
ȫĿע£ǰеĻĸܻܿΪһ޴﷽ԲĹĻԼԼѾܹе硣
˴β۵ĵע⣬ڱԶ磡
ǳ
ৣৣৣ
£ԭվŵ̫ϽһǿߣĬһ㣬뵽Ǿ޴ޱȵĹĻС
Ҳߣ
ߣ
һ̣ԺԺ̫ϽһڵҲڿնȥ
ֻнв״˴۵ȵĹˡ
ϫЦЦλҲɡ
ѵȴһ̺ܾãֹΪ˺ĵ棬Ҫǻȡǽŵص
ৣ
ųϫǵ뿪գ۹򣬴˴β۵һٰʮԵ弫޵ߣϤʧ
ˣŵ˵ͷ㳡ϵ㡢ꡢշ򡢳ӵ˵λѣһ۵Ҫ֮ãλҽսɡ
£ǹԪС
ʱ֮䣬һ̴ϰ빡ʹ۽
ϯضλ䲻ͬĿȴһƬϡ
ֹǣЩϯǰμӹĸǣԼߵҲĿͬһ


ϫֻǰһһ̣һƬɽУ֮һɽ֮ϡ
ȥԶãã󣬳ӯһƬԭʼϡİϢ
һ˲䣬سĺ̫¡
ǵˡ
ϫһתһűĴ󹭣˲뵽һ۷ս״̬
λڱ㿪ʼ˴۵ȵĹ򣡡
ϣٿȻ쳹𻴿ׯ
һ̣ϫн޵ߣԶϢϸ
⽫غǽж;
ӵǧｮжʮŶôҿԼֵºģԽڶ۵
ȿԾɱҰߣᱻǿ̭֣׺͵ڶ۵Ե
мǣʱֻ£ڴڼ䣬ȼлԵһŶⲢʤΪʱ̱ᱻ˶ߣ
սĵӣܹӵŶĶʮӣᱻ̭
סڵУֹʹһΥ֮˴۵ıǸԵսеһһᱻ޵߿УжΥ֮٣ɱ⣡
һɱ⣡
˶У͸һ˵
һֹ̣ǽеĳϫˣģʮУԶصŻӵ
ˣ˲Ŷ˴˴۵ȵһЩأҲʶԭ˴۵ȾΪ֡
һֱɳϫһٰʮ񾳾磬оɱȡǶʮŶ
ڵڶ۵ĹأȴδȻºһ۵֮󣬲Żڶ۵һС
ˣ
ڻӵ²ãʮϿգȻһҫޱȵԲ
ܿ죬ȫ޵𾪵Ŀע£һ޴ޱĹĻҰС
ĻӳֵģȻǵеĳһĻĻ˺֣ǰ
Ļ
˶ϳǵԺĴֱʣһϹŵϿռܹ۵зһУȫ޵ҰС


1843 
Ļ֮󣬻ӱ㷵شУԺϰ㡢ٺ㡢Ӯصˣдǡ
ȻԼҴҽһת뵽һӯؾС
ʦһ۵ѿʼ
ӹ
ȥɣ۵зε⣬мҪֹ֮򲻿ƫ̻κһǵԺԼ
ǲϵ

ӹȥ
뿪һϵӰããУ֡
Ժ
ǲӰʵ
ǸȥɣǵԺܲˣҲùܣһչ±ӡ
֮һ̾Ϣãã𣬳һɱ˵ζ
ƣ
ӰһЩͬѰ
ϧһ˵ȴҲδ
ǲӰ˼ãҲȻһ̾૵ȷһ棬һŵصĻԵʵ򡭡γһɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡Ժ֮Ĳģ

ͬʱɽ
ѩɽۣ֮䣬ԶݵƺĬԡ
ʦڣҲ˱ˡ
κѩȻ̾˿
̫Ͻֶεȷݣһ棬ɲǻܡ
ȻһһĮζٿȻ
ɽʦ˴̤һǿٿȻѩߡ
ʦ壬ֻЩСʦܡ
ѩüͼ丸ֻתʱ̫ϽʦܣټǰЩɱʥĦ٣£̫Ͻ̱Ȼ˻ᷢˡ
ˣĳҲʦܼŵˣϫܹߵһӵԼĵ;۷£ԣֻҪ֣֮Զĥʯˡ
ֻԽĥԽ
Ҳˡ
˴˫ָƽʵصģǴ˴۵ȣǻŵء
ѩȻһĨâʦ壬һĪǻӻŵб
˴ʦǷһĨӵζɣ̫Ī⣬˭Ҳԡ
ѩЦˣô࣬ʱ˿̣۵ѾʼˣҵҪ̫Ͻ̺Ժ˴ξˣһЩʲô
˴ҲЦˣгϫڣһֻ˷룬ƶϣҲΨĿԴˡ

̫Ͻ̡
Ϊߵġ̫С
˵һƬҰ޼ʡڤڤﲻ棬ʱղڣһжһ֡ա⾳С
ڣʿտҲ
Ƭ̺һܲǲߣٿȻռڤС
ˣȻ̫ʥӣ
۵ѾʼһжԤϰУκ⡣
ӿڣɳƶͳյƮţһ
û⣿ЩѰ
£һ޾ϡĮһ˿ĺٿȻؼ䡣
̧ͷǵһɲȻޱȣ˼˼ǣɽŮ洹Ҳ׼ֶΣ
ģס̫򵥣ôȥҲֻűһ˰ˣҪǣֹҪʱģҪһ
ûһж޴̸𡣡
̫Ͻƽƽּ⣬ֱĵ

ȴ̾˿ЩȻ
һ̵Ȼ֪ԺĲµɽѩԶڽսʱһĪɲ棬̾Ϣ
һ޷ƶϣ޷ƿصľΪεȳߣԶ⡣
νķз˿࣬ɺγա
ţ仹δ٣˴棬ֻһһ˰ˡ
̫Ͻ𣬡ȥɣغ̣һнԿӭж⡣

ӵ˵ͷݵӰٴαͣ±ûǣĺߣǣٿȻʧڻɫؼ䡣

ʱ꣬Ҳöһˡ
Ů洹ʦڽշһп

ϹѺˣ۵СȴӰϹǧأ
ͬһ죬ԺԺҲ̾

һٰʮ޵񾳴ڣȴֻжʮ˿ջŶڶ۵δ̫пᣡ
ǰһӾ̭һʮˣһ۵עǼޱȣҲ֪գУ־мܶȡһŶˡ
˵˵
ҿܹŶ޷жȴҿ϶̫Ͻǻ꣬Ů洹ȻɽӹԡԺӡӶطԼǵԺҹԶ˳ڶ۵
ⲻǷϻ𣿡
٣ǻ湻򵥵ģ˴β۵ȵǿߣûһѰʤܣĪҪ¶ۣ
ʮУĿⶼۼڲϵġĻйһ۵Ļ⡣
ϫأ
ǵԺϯϣȻ޺ۡ𾣡ˮҲӡĻѰϫټ
İɣϫɽѩʦܣӵ֮ˣһ۵УȻǲᱻ̭ġ
һԶЦڣ˵ĿͬҲѰǡĻ
һо󣬶һһĻϣܹ˶ؿзһС
쿴
Ȼ۾һһ
ĿȥȻͿǵһƬɽϿУһӰ
ˣһܿԿһһЩ꾿ʲô̶ˣ
ԣҿ˵Ҷϵһǵ۾Ҷ϶ɣ˳ϫһУҲۼʶʶˡ
޺ۡ𾣵˽Զ¶˷ڴ֮ɫ
һĹϯλϣ˷󶥼е޵ߣҲѰԼˣһڴţڴԼһֵܹ󣬻ʤ
硣
ಣ
ϫӰ˸һĨ翵Ӱӣǧɽˮ֮䡣
ڽûöеĽƣΪһʹڷֵ˵ͬʱҲᱩ¶Լټ
ͬʣأֹݱԷ̽һԲ׽ֵ̸
һٰʮˣŲƵĲͬ䣬ЩѰˡ
ϫע⵽رһεĽõ޷ʹɽеط͹ԡϡͼɵŸɽϵ
ڴˣϫֻΪһ飬ֹӵֻҲˡ
ϧϫ֪ͬʱ̫Ͻ̺ԺĵӣϬһ㣬һִ磬㼫ΪĬسͬһ۶ȥ
Щ
ϧһжļΪΣҲ뵽ǵлˣʶδʲôס
Ψüëײһ壬ĿԴɻɨһԱߵӮص۾һۡ
ɫ̹ȻԺԱߵٺ۾̸
գ̾˿ҡҡͷٶ롣


1844 
֮һѰŶһߺ͹ǻϡ
ϫһ߷ɶݣһԺзɿݡ
һ۵УֻжʮŶҲζţֻжʮܹڶ۵ȡ
֪кε֮ҡ
ճϫ뷨ԼɽһܻԽŶȻԽãֻͬµɽҲɱеӱ̭
Ͼ˴β뵽۵еĸ̫࣬ûһѰ֮ټޱȣɽһ⣬ֻ¶ȥȡ
Ϊ˴жУΨһһλʦ桱ǰϫΨһģǾԼŬɽȥȡŶ
մ˴۵ȵĹأȻһ𣬶ΪŶҲɱˣ˱ȻҲɱң£ƺΨвսһ·ѡˡ
ϫϺ󣬶ʱٶ롣
һ
ϫȻһ
ˡ
ͬʱһɻɬĲԶԶ
ϫȻһĨĹĿԶһɽϡ
ɽƷţççۻ룬һɬĲǴɽɢ
ǳϫˡơԲ
Ǹòǡ
ವһûκγɣϫӰһŲ˹ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫһƬݺϿǰϿϣȻһƬȻڣ֮ɫͷųϡʥϢ
ϸȥһƬУȻһȭͷСͨӨͭ
ˣϫҲЩ⣬Լδ̫˰ɣ
û´ǰһСɵͭȻǶʮŶ֮һ
ĸײƵģŸյִһһЩʱѣѰٵһŶóϫҲЩľϲ
ৣ
ϫĸʲôԥһӣһƬ뵵⣬ͽһŶȡ
ʱϫŷ֣˶ֻȭͷСɾ쳣֮أʮ֮أһɽˡ
˶ӡŻ㡢ɽӺ롢ͼơȵȹӡµϢ
񱦣ϫϸ֮̽ȴŶصĵ֮⣬δ;
Ȼ飬ֻǳϫ֪ˡ
Σܹôôóϫϲѡ
Ҫ˱УʱȴȻ֣˱Ǹ޷װ봢﷨У޷أ
һεŶܣõ޷
óϫжʱһʶЩס
Ȼһ̵Ҫ˶ͷŵĵʱ֣ͬ޷쵽һ
ζʲô
ζţֻҪŴ˶·ͱȻɢһڴ˶еϢֱԼǶһȻҹûʲôҪжۣжۡ
룬һȻᱻĶֵһʱ䷢ˣ
ǶҲ޼£ǶҲԼͲܡ
ԭܼͬ򵥣ŶϢ޷ڣҲ͵ʱʱ̿ɢźţ벻˷ֶѣ
һ£ϫеϲöʱ룬üѣ׹Ϊλ˴۵ȵĹʱ˵лԵȡһŶҲһ۵ʤˣΪʱ̶б˶ߵΣշ
ﻹ֣Я·ζŻҪʱ䣬ֱȵһ۵ȵʱ
ϫ̾ϢǺôԼһ·ϼֱ֪ٶֵĿˡ
ȻҾ֪ôˡ
ϫЦ
ڴʱһٿȻԶϿ⴫
һɻɬǴͷŶ
ж˵Ŷ
ţ
˽ȵˣ
Сģ
һӰƿնܹˣŮΪ׵һǰһư׷Ũī絶ݹ°ӡ
ɫꪣһһһǿѪζ
Ժ
ϫ˿̧ȥϳ˵ǵԺеǿߡ
ϫϳΪ׵з꣬ԲڣҲǵԺһָľ
ŴӵСη塱Ѫ֮ǽҹĶ
Ƿߵˣͬһһ콾֮
֮ܶǾ仰ܹ뵽һ۵ģûһѰϵĶǿˡ
ɽϫ
ͬڵһʱϳ˳ϫݣԶüͷһ壬Ҳû뵽Ϲзͷļһˡ
ܿ죬ϫͶʧȥȤתʹ뿪
ԺеɣǲѣϫҲͶԷ֣Ǵ˴̫Ͻ̡Ժ֮Զ˵һʱͳɱˡ
վס
ϫ뿪ȴӦڳϫһɲǣȻӰһɢϫ·׶
ӶݣϫԷסԼֻû뵽ǣԷҪԼֵļơ
ʱüͷһ壬ĿһɨˣôҪ֣
һԺ͵һЦƺоϫ仰ɣܿЦ
ϫѣӦ۵ȣҽԶΪȡŶ£棬̬ɾͲˡ
Ϊ׵ӷ˵
ϫ˼ô˵Ѵ⣬ҪеŶˣ
ǵ㲻Ըս԰Ŷ£ҵԲΪ㡣
국Ȼ
磬ɸ֮𣬲ֹǵԺҪɽǵԺʦֵ֮䣬ҲգͿ˭ܹù˭ˡ
ĪҪϻҹζࡣ
ϫѣϰɣǿɶˡ
Ҳ׷׿ڣٲȻһԶϫģ
óϫЩпҳϣղŵľٶЩˣǺ˵ô࣬ȴٳٲ֣δҲЩ
˵⣬ϫȻһĨһ˲䣬˶ˣһУٿȻںڰгʣ
ৣ
һĨƸӰһ־׼ޱȡ˫ƣƿʱգͷն꣡
һж̫죬䲻⣬ѰǿҲԵֵסһˡ
겻Ǿǿ߿ɱȣս׿ԴӾᶦս״̬
ʶϫһ֣˵΢΢һ˿⣬жȴʶӶɫꪣ㣬ӭȥ
¡
ɫһޱȵ鱦һɫԱ䣬쳹װĺǰһƬʱ촷ۣԵס
Ȼһ̣ͫ͵һ
Ϊϫһ;ٿȻһۣһֹޱȵĽǶȣݺնһ࣡
ã
пһҪʱȴѾˡ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬âէ֣һƳһһײ
ڷһʮ֮صһԺӣֱӱһһƵģݺݵɳȥ


1845 
أ
һԺݺһƬɽϣʯ顣
ϫһ̫ǿֳ䲻⣬ǵԺӵо֮Ǻͳϫһȣվ̫ࡣ
ǽҪͷһɫͭܵǰֻһҪɡ
ˣϫһ޷Ӳġ
䣡
գʱѣǱɳȥĵԺӶҽУͱһɿֲЮסǿŲƳ硣
ֱ֮Ӿͱϫһ̭ˣ

һз̫죬ӳϫͻȻ֣һԺӱ̭Ųգ۹ѡ
ȥȣ֪ϫһǺε֮Ѹͺ
Ⲣ꣬ԺӺ󣬳ϫӰһܿǷĺȻһ
ָ罣ٴɱһ˷ݺύȥ
ÿһ̺ſɲޱȵ֮ҫ۳ʢƺ嫰硣
Ľʽ纣ȹ̣߱ݿ࣬ѹǬ֮ܡ
źǣ֮ǰһĻ֮Ƿѽ䱸ԳϫĹǸʩչԼǿֶΣ֮⡣
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬Ƭرƥ⣬ʱձ飬ܣһƬҡ
ɶ񣡡
Ȼ͵Ϯ
ţأ
̳УһŭȻ̳ɢʱڵˣȴȻ֣оû˳ϫӰ
λΪ֮´ĳɲ˿ˡ
һȻ쳹ϡ
÷ɫ΢΢һ䣬̧ȥͿԶĲϣϫǾεӰһţʧ
Ļ쵰Ȼˣ׷
һԺҧе
׷ˣ
Ȼֹסˣɫޱȣ׷ȥǡֻҲԴжȡŶˡ
˵ѱЩͳ
ɫòսԶĬȻ
ȷղųϫܹһ̭һͬ飬ǵȺܹسȥ
һͿжϳشֻۣ¸¶Էˡ
û뵽ЩϹļһȴлҪ֡
˽ס̾
Լָо֮ʵֻ±ɽӹҲ١
س
߰ɣЯŶֻˣɽĶ֣̫Ͻ̺ԺҵҪֵܷºһ۵Ƚ
һǿ԰еĲʣתȥ

ʮһɽУϫӰȻ֡
ҪסеŶֻܲȡսˡ
ϫԼܸܵŶ䱻Яϣȴһֱɢһɻɬϵĵ޷ڡ
ǱԺЩӷ֣´ֻ¾ûôˡ
֮ǰϫ֮ѡ뿪˶ԷǺپȥû壬Ҽ޵ߵעˣһԼΧסǺЩˡ
жУСĽѸնɱָܱסˣ
ϫһĨȻ

ϡ
ЩϹ󶥼е޵ǽԶ̧ͷţĿת֡
֮ǰǻΪԼЩ۵еĵӶ˵ãһָǿֶ֮Ҳĸǡ
ƯһУȥϫһԤп̫ˡ
޺һĴȣ̾
ϧûѵԺЩһɱˡ
Щδ
ϫĶֲǵԺ̫Ͻ̺ԺŸտʼѣôǡ
ˮ
ȻûжԣĿһֱעųϫϫߵͶ
ԪС
һԵ弫ĵ۾ֵҪȻƽ࣬Ƕһ۵ȲŸտʼѡ
ֵùעľʱ̻ûе
ɽλϫɱȴǿࡣ
ӺЦڣ¿ԼԺһӱϫһ̭ƺҲδ黳
ˡ
㵭Ȼ
ǺǣλϫȷһŶԺֻ»׶༪ٰ
̫Ͻ̺ۼշЦڣ롣
շ㻹ǹһԼ̫Ͻ̵ĵΪãɽӿɲ
Ƴ˶Էһۣƽ
ڴʱ
Ů洹ķȻ׿ڣЩԣ㿴ĵУ̫Ͻ̡ԺԺӸԽԶڻۣΨɽŮ洹ӣ򶼸£ɢ¡
üͷһȻ̧ȥȻͷԣϫʮλ۵ɽӣɢڵ䣬£ûһ˿۵ס
̫Ͻ̡ԺԺЩ۵ĵӣҲɢڵĲͬ򣬿ϸۿǵж켣ȴܹ֣ǽԶڳͬһۣ
Щˣ
ȥ̫Ͻ̡ԺӱȻܹһγһǿޱȵʱжĳϫǣĿܻǶ֣
Ȼᱻˣ
һֹ̣꣬ҲһĻ
̫ϽշԺӽԶЦһԹֵۣģ
ȴüëӿһĨɣ֮ǰʶ⣬ȴȻû뵽ȻӦ鷢ˡ
ӣô£
Ȼ䣬˻ӣʵζĴлص
ûǴǵԺԹƽ֮ģٰ˴۵ȵģ
ҲڣޱȣԸ˶֪Խ֤ŭ
һЦλѿˣǵҵԺԺеرĸֻܻҪκΥ֮£ᱻһʱгʹûκʧƽ֮
ǰô£
ʵ
㣬۵ȣԼҵӲˣͳɹĹƽԣЩˡ
Ȼӿڣ̫Ͻշƿڡ
䲻𣬺αǰμ۵
ԺȴЦѡ
Զüͷŭѿƫƫװơ
ӣֻһ䣬ƻ˴˴۵ȵĹ򣬸õδã
ûշ򡢳磬ǰĿ˻ӣһһ٣͸һĨɱ
նʱóš
üĬƬ̣ɫǱׯ֮ƽλԿɷģ鷢ҵԺضһ𸴣
ͬ
ˣ㲻ٶԣֻɫȴǱ֮ǰĮ
ǺǣĴ𸴣ҵǺڴ
һЦȴǺ
ԣĬĿȴǲײƳһԱߵӮص۾
˴۵ȵĹˣֻӮΪ۵ʼضݷƻ֮¡
ƺЩԤڡ
Ψһûҵǣб鲼ĹɴڣδκΥ֮١
ҲζţĿǰһ۵ɴһֹƽľС
ֻϣһ˳ȥɣǧҪʲôӡ
һ̾Ŀ˴ǡĻϡ


1846 籩
硣
ҹɫīһԲ¸ҹգԡ
һɽУϪʶϫһƨϪߣϵԲ£סһ
һ죬һֱڸ·Сڵı¶ټδѡڸ߿зɶݡ
ɼˣһ·ɱٶַ֣ԵԺģҲ̫Ͻ̡ԺģΨûɽġ
ϫûкͶԷӲƴ˼ѾһŶԣ֮ǱôȻȥɽӻϡ
ɱУǱƲѣǲѡԷսģϾһסⷢ
Һãڸ·ʱһֱδǼ˽ƣڶԷ֮ǰѲԷת뿪
֣Ժ̫Ͻ̡ԺЩ۵ĵӣͨεȷһģ
ľϫüһ壬ԼᵽһɲͬѰζЩԡϡͼǾ˵
ܿ죬ϫֲ̾˿ʵ̫ˣҪѰҹǣҲ
ˣҲֻһһˡ
ϫҡҡͷٶ롣

ͬҹɫ¡
һƬ߲ɳĮС
ಡ
ڶ̶һڣһӰʱգ½˷ɳĮл۶
һ·ϣǽԶĬһҹɫµ飬գԶɳĮһͺͺʯǰ
ʱһӰϥʯϣһͷѪҫۣɫʯһӿŲȻԣԵԨĻ棬ǡ
˾һͱƲĳǹӯһ֮Ƶڸ¡
ˣȻ̫Ͻ񾳵һǻ꣡ǰӵšһĳƺš
ݼʦ֣
Щ˷Ӱ
˶ˡ
ǻһɨˣ£ʮŸһ࣬һ١
жҶԣ֮ǰļƻ£Ϊһ飬ҹɫ㿪ʼɡ
ǻ곤ʯϣԣһͷѪɫҹз

뻮һУʮŵӰĬ㣬һӣһ
ʣµˣĬĬǻ
һʱ֮䣬Щ̫Ͻеǿߣ˰飬ÿˡ
мǣÿҹĻʱһһ򲻿ж
ǻַԸһ˻֣ʾǿԿʼж
ಡ
һ̣Щ̫Ͻǿ߱ٴηɢ˷ɶݶȥܿʧããҹɫС
ɽŮ洹ǣֻ޻ڶ۵ˡ
ǻ긧°ͣһЦ㳯˵ߣҲóˡ

磬һƬԭʼĹɭС
һ滺ĵҹɫľס
һΪβˬѵӣпһù֦ϣɫҶӣϣƽһݿԶʥζ
ˣԺӡӶط
һ̵п֮ϣһ֧Ҷѣ̬ԵúѴݣûμ۵ȵġ
ڹ֮£ѻӰȻǧ𡢹ĽʮλԺӡӺʮԺִ¡
Ǿôţû˸ҶԶطǽơҵΪﲻ
ֱãͳֱʧطƵһĿһƳ£ºЦֻѵȵĲͷ˰ɣ
˵ʱһԾ£һʱ䣬Ҳʱжˣǧʦܣжˡ
ǧ˵ͷǺ̫Ͻ̵ĿһһҪԸıɽֵŮ洹
˶٣⣬жͬʱĪҪȥȡŶ
ᣬʮ˽飬ÿһˣһӡӺִɡ
ǿף
ף
Ӧŵ
ǧ˵ͷĿʮִ£˴ԺʮִǰĿģף
ס
һںִ³
סһӡӷգҪģǵգǺ͵ƴ
ǧһУĿ˶ط
Ǳ㿪ʼжɡ
طȻһЦ˵գ˫ָ󲽳ɭȥ
ˣʱִվȥ
ǧҲֳһ飬ͬȥܿ죬Ƭԭʼɭбһˡ

磬һƬããƽԭϡ
ģ㣬ҿûкһж˼ĻʲôȤԣ
ҹҡҡͷתȥ
뿪һڵԺӽԶЩ죬ҹЩʲô
ΨΪۣȳȵɫЩ
¬壬ڳһڵԺ񾳵ӵʦ֣ҲǴ˴۵еĵԺߣӮص۾УרְԺڵеж
񣬻һУҹȴתȥɵǷ棬ҲЩʹ졣
ʦ֣ȥ
Ȼһӿڽе
˳ĿȥʱͿҲϢسԶҹɫȥ
ҵĿǲһͲˡ
ͷҲûأƽ
ˮ¹£ӰͦΣüīһɱ̹ǵơ
ʦܣҪҹһж
ˣ¬üͷ
ȴٲ˵һ仰ӰʧҹɫС
¬ɫŭ֮һҲ̫ʶˣ
ʦ֣ǽô죿
˽סʵ
Ȼ֮ǰԼ¡
¬岻˼̲סȻһЦߵ۵ȿɷͬѰһжʵЩǡ
һͷˮ
¬ȴԴ˲δٽͣӽʼǱһжмǣǵĿֻһȡŶ֮⣬Զò֣

һϷһУԪеһУЩ̸ȴ¶ԼжϳһЩ顣
һʱ֮䣬üͷ
̫ϽշԺЦ̸ƶԴ˻Ȼ
㺱سĬˣȴ뿪ɽʱʦѩ˵ġ
ƣһһе¶ȱԽԽĮԽԽ䡣
Щԣ
ϷƺҪˡ
̫Ͻ̡ԺԺѿʼȡжΨɽŮ洹ǶԴ˲δЩӵĴƺЩ
ֹǹԪһϯϵһ޵ߣҲоϢط仯ӿ
˴ɽŮ洹Ҫһˡ
ôЩΡ
־Ѳɱ⣬Ϊ֮ƣͿɽŮ洹ӻλһٵķ籩ˡ
ս٣
ֱ仯̫ԣֻҪϹӣԶԲó
һʱ֮䣬ʮУе޵߽ԶĿӲϵġĻʶӽʼеľƽ䣡


1847 һ
ҹ
ڴĳϫкȻӿһĨ¶
ಣ
ʶأӰһʧԭء
صһͬʱһĨɫâէ֣ϫԭһʯһΪ
һĨɫâ̫ͻףʼնδһ˿졣
ȴޱȣֹ׽ʯпǱһɲѷ죡
ϫ۲ԶͬƥĴֻ֮һͨʯޱȣ
һ£ƻ֪ղܼʱضشˣ
˭
ҹɫ£ϫԶһƬУĿ㣬Ȼɨܡ
һ˲䣬ӴޱȵУͲ׽Ӱ
ǻϢҹɫںϣͬںڰеħϢ
ϸȥ֪ԷǵĴڡ
ȻЩӰԶĳϢطܹ쵽һ
̫Ͻ̣
ϫһУâէ֡
ϳ˶Է¶ԷϢҲӲϫǽƵˡ
̫Ͻ̳壬Բڣλз֮񾳶ʮ
̫Ͻ̳ޣԲڣλз֮񾳶ʮ
̫Ͻ̳չӥ

ϫԺУһɲǼ両ֳԷݡ
ǰμ۵ʱѾѴ˴β۵޵Ϣһһ֪ϫǡ
ôҲΪ֪֪ˣܰս
ȻЩϢ˿̸ϫṩ˼Ϊ׼жϡ
ಣ
һ˵ʵԶһ˲䣬ϫ֪ԷӰʱԷѴӲͬɱ

Ϊһɫ۵ȶһ״ɫ䵶ܻɫ굶â貵УХϫ
ҹɫ£ϵ꣬ܲأʱ类˺Ʋҡ
һֲܿ
ԶѰǿ߱ܣѣһֱȻ֮ƣʼһﲻȻԷѶɱҪϫһ̭֣
¡¡¡¡
ͬʱƬصĶϡĸĸ̫ϽǿҲȻ֡
ֶܻϵ
Ŀ񱦡
Ұ񱩵ħ֮
йغ깥
ͬһʱ䣬ĸΪˣⷽԲʮ֮س׷һؿɲĹС
ȳֱĩս٣һɲǼ䣬īҹɫȻԱ磬ѤĿͻͺƴ
һ̣˵Ѱǿߣֻ¾ӵ˵ŵľȺһĻҲݱܷâɡ
ǡ
ϫûܡ

һսǰǵߣѾв˹עһĻ
Ԫе㡢շ򡢻ǣϯϵȻ޺ۡǡ
ۡޱ۵ȵȺͳϫйʮеĲ޵ߡ
ԶĿͶע˹ȥ
һսѲɱ⣬ӳϫ͵Ϯһɲ˵ľΪϫǡ
Ϊ磬ܹƵķչĿ̫ϽλӵоܵǿǳԡΧˡķʽԸϫһʱûܲľͽš
Ͼܹ۵ȵģĿһѰ֮
̫ϽλǿһȻһԲɱ䣬¶ԳϫʵĵǣҲеһĽš
ʱսʱ̫Ͻλǿʩչܣ㶼΢΢ɫ䣬һ
㶼ˣ˵ˡ
̫Ͻ̺ۼշˣǲһĨЦ⣬һʤȯյ̬
ǣϫķӦʱ˶һЩ⡣
ĿֲȻûжܣӭȥ

ϣ
ɫٹسʣ쳹ʮء
Уϫ̤ʱգӭϡ
һ̵ԣһԨﾡǵĮɱ֮ɫһƳҽܻΪػɬķģƾһɾµš
䣡
̤ƬȻ飬糱ѹʮ
ܹ֮һع˺顢촷ۣͿ˳ϫ˿
ǵ龰񣬴ݿݣ
𾪣۾㲻ԼһжǵԤ
Զ޷󣬳ϫһ֣չֳս
¡¡
սԳʢϼ⽫ûһУֻܿһӰӳ֣Ųתƣӵɱֱɱѡ޹⣬Բ֮ضΪս
һ̫ϽλһǽЩǰϹɽ״ӡ
ȾսѰĿܼ
ѿս˻ǽסһĿѣ𶯡
ǵ弫е޵ߣɽ̫Ͻ֮ĶԾ
һԶǳǿĿ֮ĶԾ֣񾳽УѰ֮֮Ĳ྿ж
˲𣬶һӲλ֣ϫս̭Ҳ٣˾̾
˸п
ҿɽϫչֳսֻѺѷɫǻꡢȻطˡ
óϫѾõİ֮Աȡ
ҿɲϣϫʹ˱̭ԶվЩ۸ˣܹóϫǻһһԾһǲŽʹ죬Ҳֱܷĸߵˡ
ҲΪϫǣ̼ʹܱ̭֡
ڹԪУȴһƬš
ϫδһѹ˿ɫԵõĮ֮
ΪһԾʲôƽƽģȴϫĹ̫ϽıѾõı
һƽ۵ȣıζ˵
ǣû뵽紫ǰǿ󣬵ҲûûɽֻδЩϧˡ
Ȼ̫Ͻ̺ۼշЦڣ͸һĨϧҲ֪ڳֻ
ȷЩá
һԺʹϳƲһ䣬ʱ˲ãҲͽκΰ
Ӵǲײس鴤һ£ջûȥֹ֡ơĽ̸
ʦµֻҪ۵˳ȥɲϡ
üȻ̧ͷĿɨշͳӣ˵Щʲô
ڴʱȻ΢΢һƲʲôǲ¶һĨЦ⣬˹վûʲô³
仰ԵЩĪ
ɵĿٴǴϵġĻʱʱ仰˼
ΪʱǺȻһӰߵķƵģݺݴ̳ս˳
зҽУڱѪʹŤһţԵޱȡ
ϸϣܿ˺Ȼ̫Ͻ̵һǿߣ
һֿɲشϲƵ¶һޱȵľ֡
һ̣˾ͱһ֮Юסǿƴ˵磡


1848 
ܹʵ۵еǿߣضǿ֮Ǻ͹ҲȻѰ
һ̫ϽǿȴޱȵĲҽУұ֮㱻Ųǿ̭֣
˺εȿɲѹ
ʹࣿ
û
û֪֮ܵ죡
ʶĿһĻʱ޵߽Զеޱȵ⣬еһľ
޷ǳϫ쵽ġ
Ҫ֪ǿһĽ棬һ˵ĳϫԭͲãܹԺͶԷʱͳϣֿһĻǸе𺧣
Σ̫ϽǿվǱ̭ˡ
ʵ
ԪУԭԳϫϧѵ̫Ͻ̺ۼշ򣬴һĨ΢ЦȻ̣ͫɫȻ
ԺüҲǷһĨɣ첻ԡ
ˣҲ֮ǰǾ仰˼
վûʲô³
ƺȷӦˡ
Сʦ壬ȷ˲𡣡
Դȵؿһ㣬޵
⻹˵ô
΢΢һЦ˵ʵϫܹ쵽һҲǸһľϲ
ҪǣȻϷŸոտʼ

¡¡
УսڱغһƬҡ
һ̫Ͻǿߵʧܣͷ·һźţԭƾеĶԿƣȻб
䣡
κһĨҫ죬Ǻ
һʵҫۣҲʵɲһ̫Ͻǿ߶ҽУٿȻΪһĨ׹⣬ӲǿŲƳ˵磡
Ҳζţгӯط֮жϳǿ߸޷һҲ޷ܿһУɣ
һˣ
У޵һ
¡
û˷Ӧֻϫһ㣬ִس̤ƥӿգٴѹһˣ
Ȼ
𾪣
˼飡
֮УֻҪĿһԾ޵ߣ޲Ŀ࣬ϫǰԵ׵ֶס
֮ǰڳϫλ̫Ͻǿ߶Ծʱ޵߶ʶϫսһϵǿ
ɻû뵽ٶԶ۷ԾУȻܹ쵽һ
أ
Ƭ̺һ̫Ͻǿ̭֣߱˱ƶǣ֮ʱ֣ǿƴߣһغ
һ£Ԫնʱŵ˼£ѻȸš
Ψૣĸˡ

̳ɢ
ʣµһ̫ϽǿߣʶתʱӶݶȥ
ϸȥܹɫ࣬оǾֺͲʣӶʱ˫ֲܿƵ΢΢š
ȷˣ־ˡ
û뵽ͬһУϫɲһֱ֣һ޷Ρɽƾһɾ
ĿͬһҰܱ̭ܵϫʩչĽ߱Ǽ͵ĵģҲˣ޷򶨡
ָоͺһֻһͷĬչɱжʨ
ָоİôҲֻڴʦǻϸܹ
֮ϫǵڶֽоĴڣ
ӣ
ӣ
ϫ̫ɲˣҲֻдʦǻ֣ſԽѹɣ
̫Ͻǿ߼ٺţһϢƬ֮أԽԶԽá
ã컹ߵô
һĮƽٿȻ𣬿Уȴһס
һɫȻûκγɣ͵ؼеһͭݺɱȥ
ء
һ춯صײһǧɳִ䣬ӡܼƵͭ񱦣һ߰ʧȥ
̫Ͻǿ߻ҪȻоʺһͨһǯݺݹסѪʱһȻѹʧȥ
̧ͷͿһ忡ӳǰ
ʱҡ
˵ҵҵģڱԷ㡣
ϫƽڣвһ˿顣
ǺȻһĨŨŨĳ׳գֻ۵Ϊɱң
ϫüղλͬ³Ҳˣ˵ѱ̭֣͵شҪ޸ɲô׵顣ҲζţԺҪ۾ܻܵӰ졣
ԣͫȻһҧ㡭úݣ
ϫȻٺҲû̫Ͻ̱ȡ
ҹɫ£ĿսϿգϫȻһֻסԷʺԷ
ͷһԲ¡
һ沢ԵѪȣȴ͸һĵ
˳ĬãȻЦϫ㾡ֱܶǣһģβֹ㣬ɽеӣעӲֵ̭³
˵գ͵һȳһɿ񱩵ٲȻһҪͳϫƴģ
أ
ϫɱһзȴδԷʺΪؼһɲǣһ֮ӿϲְ֮㣬ݺݽϫ𿪡
䡭
һ̣̫Ͻǿ߾ͱһ֮ǿƴߣʧ
ϫ۾ǿ԰зڵɱջεҡҡͷ
֮ԡĸάϵתܹ⡣
ճϫƲ⣬ֻµ۾ǿڴˣֻ¶Ժ֮ˡ
ǡǵڳ֣
ಣ
ϫûгɣת뿪һƬս
֮ǰֳĶ̫һŶ޵ߵĿš
һͻأսʹĻ
ɳϫȴӿһĨǣԼ͵ϮǡǾأ
ǷҲΣ

˲ϫеĵǣϫһ̫֮ϽλǿϤ̭֣ʱסȻ
̫ˣɽϫսθǿȵز
ܣΪϫսеޡ
ƾսɽϫԺǻꡢȻطҹ˱ȼˡ
˲ԭһΪɽֻһԿȴЩ͹ɽĵ̡
ϫģ˵ʮǰŽһλǿ߶ѣܹǿᵽز˼飬̫˼ˣ
һսʮе޵߶ˣûܹ뵽һ۵Ȳſʼʱ䣬ͱһʤĿ֮սһӾ͵ȼеĿܺ顣
ϫҲһӳΪһķΪ޵ֵ
һ壬ȡʤⱾһܷ漣ĵ
ͬһ۵Ÿոտʼ¹˭֣ºһ
ҲΪˣǶԽ۵ڴˡ
Ԫ
̫Ͻ̺ۼշ˪
Ժʹϳ첻ԡ
Ժϰϻо̾ҲΪϫչֳķâݣֻȴڳ棬ܱ
ЦЦͷоơ


1849 ǻ
ȷһѾõı
ϫһɽۣԶһһҹһУɫ𽥱õĮ
˿ҹɫţؼ͸һļžϢ
⣬ǡҪΪ˸ۣ
ĬãϫӿһĨ˵ɱһš
һ̣Ӱһ뿪ɽۣǰȥ
ԭֹûѰٵ֮ǰҲʵûٹ̲ǰ
ûãһ⻮īҹɫڲϣһͷݣٿȻΪһգ
ҹɫʾ
µһˡ

µһ٣ϯϵһϹʮ޵ǣвһС
ųϫһʤ۷Ծ
һսʵ̫漣ɲǲӡ
Ǻܿ죬һͻأľַΧơ
ǣ
죡ô
ƺɽĴˣ
Щ˷𣬲ֹʮУϯϣҲһ󾪽ע
ԪС
Ȼһǽס鴤һ¡
㡢ꡢշ򡢳ӵһڵ弫ҲĿˡĻ
Ƭ̺
ŵľƱȻ飬Ϊ촷ۣԼȴƻȻ֪һȴӿһĨ⡣
üЩǵؿһۡ
շͳԭɫһ̱û࣬޵Ц
Ӧˡ
շվûסȻ
ĸ֣ռžĿտлصţõľڹ͵쾡¡

УոȻԻ͡
ȻʱһƬççɽȴΪش꣬عѣʱХ𡢻ҵļ󣬴Ŀġ
ԷһޱȵĴսԲʮ֮ؽԶΪ˷棬
ʱһӰڷϣԡѪ˺ۣÿһ缡Ѱٲһ֮һݲҰ͸˼¡
ԶԶȥһѪˣĿϣϵ˺ۺѪԵʺ죬ľ
ʵںܵôصƣȻܹվ˱ֱһ˳ǹ͸һɲǡ
У͸һɼᶨţ
ϫһϳ˺Ȼɽλеİ࣡

һ̣ڴϢţڸɺԺӵ
ϧ־ˣҲ޷ѹסڲŰĿ
ʱţһɿڲ£ޱȵĥʹࡣ
ûкʹûзŭУĬš
գû漣
ԭվһ˱ֱǹӰȻ¡
òʰ
һ֮ӿԼǿŲƶȥһ̣ĵ׽סһ̾Ϣ
ǰӰһӰģ
Щ̫Ͻ̵ĵӡ
֮ǰܵ˶ԷΧˡ

Ӱʧڵ󲻾ãһӰƾճĿսϡ
Ϊ֮˰ΰһͷѪһһۻ
ˣ̫Ͻ񾳵һǻ꣡
ʦ֣Ϊβ֣
ɻ
ɾ̫ˡ
ǻаһŶƵᣬͨɽһ޵߿һ̫Ͻ̵³Ǹã
λ̫Ͻ޵ףΪ֮ǰǻ겻̭Ǽһ
߰ɣһս䲻վû͹ԡǵȣǲһŶ
ǻЦЦаŶ𣬱˫ָתȥ

ǻֶκúݣ
磬ĿһУ޵߽Զļ²ѣǻĥ˵Ĳпֶ塣
ߣǵԵɽǵӻᱻ̭ˡοֻһ۵ֶ𣿡
Ҳ˶̫Ͻ̵ﲻ
Ҳ޷ģˣ̫Ͻ̺ɽ֮ԹһֱڶţͬˮǸµĴ֮ĶԿȻҲˡ
̾Ϣʶǻ˾٣ֻɱ￴ء
˴۵ȣɽֻʮ˲Уַɢڵأж̫Ͻ̺ԺЩΣˡ
ϫɹһΧˣǰѱ̭֣־Ʒչȥֻɽ̭ĴֻԽԽ࣡
ϸ۲죬Է֣̫Ͻ̣ԺӣԶǷжĿֱֲָͬɽ˶ȥһҪͬȰɽ̭֣
Ǵ޵ߵĹʶжϳľƣɽ˼Ϊֹۡ
ȻҲʶһ㡣
ûж˵ʲôֻĿĻУɫƽ䣬ûܲµЩʲô

۵ȵһʱΪϫٶԶȡʤս𾪡
۵ȵڶ죬ʶǻĲпֶκʼΪɽ˵Ĵǲѡ
һУϫȻ֪
һ·棬ϣܹѰٵɽӵټֱҹĻٴν٣ȴһ
óϫɫĮѺޱ顣
ಡ
ֱҹɫʮ֣ϫӰһƬվޱȵɽʯǰʱȻһ
ڴʱԶĲУӳһȺƺƵӰʮˡ
Ժӡ
ϫУˣû룬մ뿪ʱһڵԺȴͻȻı䷽򣬳һɳ۶ȥ
ΪһŶԭ򣬳ϫɲŶԷûԼԷȴȷӦȴóϫüͷһ塣
ЩһǴ⣿Ļɾδ̫˰ɣ
ϫʶԺ˵ķӦЩԾȴ޷ж⾿
òᣬ̫ϽڶԸɽӣʶԸֽ
ϫȥΪǿһЩ
ȻַһĨ֮ĹΪͻȻʶԺһڵӾȻҲһж
Ѱʲô⣬ǸУԵúܲѰˡ
Ҫ֪̫Ͻ̵ӻһҲ˵ԺӻһΨƫƫɽ֮޷ȡϵԾͲϳ
ԺҲһıˡ
ϫӿһĨ޷ķŭһοʼһ۵ȵĹƽԲɡ
һ۵Ƚһ˵ɱɽӦˣ
ϫһǿ԰еķŭɱתʧããҹɫС

ͬҹɫ¡
̫Ͻ̲۵һ޵ٴλһ
ô˵ʼڣλͬ鱻̭֣ɽǱȴֻһ౻̭
ǻ͸һ˿

ԺǱ߻һֱûж
ǻ껰һתȻʵ


1850 һº
ĬȻ
ǻ˲˼ǵ㲻̭һɽӡ
һ̫Ͻǿߵʦ֣ǽδѰɽӵ䣬ȴ˲Ů洹ӡ
˵꣬ǻϵŮ洹ˣ֮Ȱɽȫ̭֣ǸϫԲڶ۵ˡ
նɡ
䶼еζȴ˸ǻԶֻ

Ǻǣʮһһһҹʱ䣬ȴһҸ˵̫أ̫ˣ
ҹɫµһ֮ϣطԣЦºͣ˹
ԺӵɫԶ΢΢һ䣬Щÿ
ʦ֣ʱ䣬ƾǵʵضɴ˴εĿꡣ
˳ڡ
ʱܳô
طﷺõͳĮȻ쿪ʼ޷Ŀ꣬ͱҡ
˵գһӣ̤ȥ
ԺһڵɫʱҲΪƣֱطسһ٣Բܺõȥˡ
ʦֵĻǶˣڱ㿪ʼжҹɫѰɽӵ䣡
ǧһڣƳա

۵ȵĵڶҹʼйעһе޵ǽԶ
籩Ҫˣ
ҹ
ɽ飬ԺǿΧһ֮ȫ߶֣
ϧһս֮ҲˣҲѣͱһ·ԺΧձѳ֡
һսҲ޵߻Ȼ޲Ϊܶ̾Ϣѡ
ǶƾչֳսڵԵ£ͱ̭֡
пܲ뵽ڶ۵
ϧһжѳΪʵ޷ı䡣

۵ȵ졣
硣
ϰǰеĳϫܲٴһ֧̫Ͻ̵˶飬չһս
һսĿ죬Ҳ졣
գһĿע£ϫһ־ѹ̬ɴȫ߶֣
Աȵһҹһս˴γϫչֳսҪԵøɲʼԵ࣬
ʶ˳ϫǿ޷ļ
Ҳһ죬Ů洹λеŮżȻһŶȴڰ;Ժλ˵Ľɱұ̭֡
ս֮󲻾ã㱻Ů洹񾳵һ˿Ȼŭ֣һ֮Ժλǿȫܣ
սĻ֮󣬿ȻʱΪ޵߹עĽ㡣
ԭչֳս̫޺ҫۣȫѷɫڳϫ֮ǰȡõս
Ҫʤһ
Ͼϫһ壬Ȼһ
ֻһֵĲ𣬿Ҫ֪Щÿһɶӵо֮֮ͬп콾Ĵڡ
Ȼܹһ£أȫ߶֣ɼսǺε֮ǿ
ȻϫҲѷɫ
ǿǳϫ֣ͬҲȻȡʤˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ̫Ͻ̴˶սʱٲȻһѹ̬ӮúȻʵȶԷǿ̫ࡣ
֮ܶ۵ȵĵ죬Ů洹̭ӣԺ̭ӣ̫Ͻ̱̭ӡ
Ŀϡ٣ɶ۵ȶԣȴԵΪĿġ
̫ˣ
۵ȵĵѣƱ㱬㼤ޱȵ״̬У޵߶û뵽ġ

۵ȵ졣
㱻˺ԵĵԺһڵӣһŶʱղɱغŮ洹λӱͻ
Ժʮ߸ӵıǵԺ񾳴¬壬˶ڡ
Ů洹ߣֻˡ
Աȣʵʵ̫һսҲǺŮ洹Ůӱ̭ա
ԺĴֻۣӱ̭
ȴǻȡһŶҲջʧˡ
ĿһԾ粻޵߶Ժ̫֮޳ܣ̫Ͻ̡Ժ֡
ҪôˣҪôˣԺãҹӣһԶˡ
Ծ˰
ӵһڵԺҲĿһĻԶЩ޹ĸо
ֶΣ
̫Ͻ̷һУֻ³֣һԲ˶֮Ҳ׼ŭˡ
죬ҪʲôȻһ̾ûжԡ
ֻǲźۼƳһһӮأдȷĳ£պޣʹģӵ˼¡
Ӷû뵽ֹ̫Ͻ̺ԺǵԺЩ۵ĵӣȻܹ㼯һжЩԾ

۵ȵ졣
۵ȵ졣
졣
ڰ졣

ֱ۵ȽеһʱһգޱȵĽƽ
ԭܼ򵥣һԶһУ̭ӣνʧء
ɽߣһУʧӣʣ³ϫԡͼˡ
ǵģɽеڶλĻϣһλΪʶؾ۷ԲǿߣҲұ̭֡
һ֮Χɱһ̫Ͻ̣ˣӶˡ
һԺˣհԺӡӹĽС
һսڵʱҲ磬Ȼ
Ů洹ߣһʱʧʮӣʣʮһˣʧͬԤڡ
ΪŶ̶һʱ䣬Ů洹۵ĵӣʧˣ֮ǰ˭ţ
̫ϽߣʧӶʮˣʣʮˣ϶ԣʧνң˿ȴ֮е顣
ԭܼ򵥣һζɽ˽Χɱɽ䱻½̭ˣÿһ޲սǿ̫֮ϽҲǳ˲ٿ
ǳϫһУ̭ʮ̫Ͻ̵ӣս
ԺߣʧʮˣеǺִ±ʧʮˣӡʧˣʣ¶ʮˣкִʮˣӡʮˡ
ʧͬԵΪңɶԱŮ洹ɽ̫Ͻ̣ռݲơ
ΪʧĴǺִ£Щִԭǳ䵱ЩӡӡơĽɫ
ΨԺߣʧʮˣʣ¶ʮˣԵüΪڣУǶԵԺЩΪ֮Աǵġ
ԭֻһǻһж˶ڣ£κһսУԶռ˼ƣܳʧ
ϣ۵һʱĴ
з̫༤ҵĶԾҲһĻĻ˵Ļ棬˲֪ٵĻȻ𾪡
ΣϸȥԱȵĻͻ֣ᷢɽŮ洹Դơ
̫Ͻ̺ԺҪʤһ
ǴӲκηĵԺһ۵гΪӮңǵϡ
ɵӿһĻȴҲ˲üһĨ


1851 ֮
ֹǻӸ˲Ԫ۾ͬвʹ졣
̫Ͻ̺ۼշ͵ԺͳϳѾû˼ȥʹɽŮ洹
Ǵ˿ɫӿһĨŭ
һУʧصɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̺͵ԺռŲƣɱϾҲʧ
ǵԤڣʼϲ
ԭһмƻԤڽţȴû뵽£ʧôӣ
ɽŮ洹Щ۵ĵӣ¶ԮΧУɾƵƵΪ˵սʤ̫࣬Ͻ̺͵ԺҲ˲ٴ
ǳϫƾһ֮һо̭̫ϽʮӣԺʮӣ
֮ǰû뵽ģ
ҲֱʱշͳӲʶ׼һУȴΨϫս
֮ǰǽֻΪϫŽ񾳲ʮأսҲֻܺɽԡȵƽ
һ޲֤ϫǴ˴ɽɳɱﵣ
Ŀ˳ϫһеÿһսҲϫ߱սȫѾԺǻꡢȻطȴһ£
ڳϫǿ˺εȵزϼһﶼ͸
Һã۵ȲŽ˲һ룬̫Ͻ̡ԺռԵơ
շͳӲģϫܹ˷ȥ
Ϊһ̫Ͻ̺Ժ䱻̭˲ٵӣģһǾеľǿеǿߣ
շţϫǻ꣬עк³ˣ
ȻҲġ
ʵշͳŭģЩɽŮ洹޹ء
ŭԭԵԺ
Աһµ۵ƣͻ֣ᷢڵ弫ĴУԺʧٵģΪһӮң
˵շͳӣ޵ߣҲû뵽
˲𣬺ֶΣԺһǲǽ̵ְ
շɫȻЦ
ԺЩ۵ĵǣȻһز¶Ͻ֮ԡ
Ҳߵ
½ڣԼĳͷȻûӵһڵԺϰнԶá
λѣϱıЩ¿ûǰ㸴ӣοǵзһУԶǵΪκ棬ȻûΥ˹ƽ֮򡣡
һ
Ǻǣ㲻ᣬҲֻǸпһ£ǵԺεֶοʵͬҲЩʣͬѿУٶ˵Ҳ档
շԴĮȻһϯ㲻
Ӽˣδٳͣɫȴÿ
շԣһУǵԺڵежȷЩϲ̨棬ֻ綼ڶԴ˽з̰ڮ١
ЩԷȻӰ첻˻ӵľΪʹĺͷȻģͲЩ
ǡһжϳʵ
һ뵽⣬ӽסƳһԱϯλϵĵԺӮص۾ʱ˿أһȻԵõģвһӡ
УɽŮ洹һֱĬԣƶԴ޶ԣЩ
ַӿУЩľľ޷ƽ

ΣһУ̫ļҽҲһһ˻ܣ𾪣̾Ϣս
Ӱ֮Ҳȼ仰ܹڹͳ
۵ȣվҪȥ
յʤĶʮλܹӱһ۵Уֻºһ

硣
ǵȷ͹ɽ߱ʵ
ҹɫ£ǻ˫ָãһ̾
Աߣ̫Ͻʣµʮǿ߽ԶĬȻ
ûٿڣֻʵķؼصһƬȡ
һµжٲʣҲòϣɽ˴β۵ʮӣȷһǿ֮Ĵڡ
ˣҲڻʧ˲ء
˴۵Ȼʱ䣬ƴȥˣͷֻᱻռ˱ˡ
֮ǻȻڣﷺĹ󣬡쿪ʼʱһʱ䣬ĪҪٷֿжˣһȥѰŶʱˣٶɽҲ١

ԣԶ

ʦ֣ѾõϢ̫ϽѸıжԣǽж
һУǧڡ
£ݷһʱǵѡҿ˵ԺΪӮңǺǣҶЩԺЩˡ
طЦЦ˹ڣɣҲֻʣ¶ʮˣƴȥˣڽʱ䣬һжɡ
ǧ𡢹Ľذϴ˽Զͷ

ʯʦ֣ʱûпʦǵϢҵġǲ˶ֻ⡣
һȹŮ
֪ˡ
ʯ죬ɫüһɱ֮
ߣŮ洵ŮӣҲֻ˶ѡ
Ѿǽҡ
Ҫ֪һʱУҲǺòײŻһ·;ϲ֪˶ٵպΣ
ʱ޷жϳŮ洹˴β۵ʮУʣ¼
ȴԴжϳֹۣܲ
ΪҲͳϫһһδαΧɱУᵽıζ
̫Ͻ̺ԺıѾãһ۵Уǿ϶ʹĳЩ˵ֶΣ
ĬãʯԽԽǷŭסƿ˳
ʯʦֹ֣ǣԺҲһС
ȹŮѵ
ʯȻһЦô˵ֻŮ洹ڹˣ
˵⣬ҡҡͷԣֻɽϫҲ϶һĴ
ȹŮӵ˽ԶĬľء
ǲصģȻʦ϶£ҪģǱʵרȥѰŶ˵죬ԺͿȻʦǻһ𡣡
Щţʯˣȴǰݣһ۵Ƚһȥָ˵ɣ

ҹɫµһƬҰУϫһˣС
һˡ
֮ɫĮȻ̧ͷ˿ҹһҵԲ£һԨ¹ӳ£ű䳹ǵĹ⡣
һʱ䣬˺֣ܶһһսȴʼնδһɽӡ
ϣѵӵܹŤת˵Ĵڣ
ϫһֱ벻ףԼһµ˻֮ƵƵΧȴһҲûɽĵӡ
̫ˣ
ϫţΪԼԣûܹӰ쵽Լˡ
ȴ޷ȷɽԡϡͼһ۵еǷڲ֪бıˡ
ıˣҪѿʼ˴ĵڣܰ쵽ɣ˵Ļ˭ܹĿ°쵽һ
ϫ벻ס
Խ벻ףоǷŭɫǵĮɱ


1852 Ծ
ͬһƬҹ¡
¬ȴǳ־־
һڵԺӣɿ˵λͬţʵ֤ǲȡĲȷģֱĴǵԺѳΪӮң
Уǽ֮ɫ
һڵԺҲܣ׷׳޲ѡ
ʦԣŲߣҵ̾硣
˴ζʦδѣȡý֮ɾ͡
һ̾Уȴ̾ϢֻǿϧҹλʦֲڣҲ֪ˡ
һ仰ԵЩͻأ¬崽ǵЦʱ̣𽥱䵭
գҲĪر΢
λصģҹλʦܾˡػžеУʵѷͬǼǵжֻҪҲȻᷢʲôˡ
¬һڵȻҸЩ޷˵ΪΣվͬʦֵܣԺжУ;֪Ǿ͸òˡ
һ̹ȻҹӵĲֱĿԵú·
оģû֪ˡ
ʦֻ࣬ϣҹλʦֲҪʲôˣϣǼǵԺһڴǵϣ
˸пһ䡣
ǰҹʦֺʦֵܣԲ뵽ڶ۵Уʲô⣬ǿɾ̫ʹˡ
Ҳ׷׸͡
Ȼûע⵽ЩԴǺ¬ϵЦ⳹ױ䵭ʧ١
ˣĪҪ죬ŻȡŶڽжУϣλٽĪҪ˶иˡ
¬˽̸
ʵҲ¬εĵط
һʱȻһжЧʱΪӮҡ
ͬһ޷ӵı׶ˡ
ǾЩͷжǻȡõŶĿȴԵٵÿ
ϾһȺһжĿ̫һԶԶȲЩͷжˡ
¬ֻϣڽʱУܹȡŶ
һǵԺעΪһ۵ʵĴӮң
һܹɣҲԸ¬֮ҫͺô

۵Ƚڶ֮
޵߽ԶǵеľƱˣ
Ĭһ㣬̫Ͻ̡ԺɽŮ洹ԺǽʣµЩˣԶ
ǼȡͬĲԣݷأûĸȥ档
ȻΪϸµĲҶɱõǶʶ˵ǰǸıжԡ
һеվǿʼԵƽûɱͶԾһжСؽš
ȱ仯޵߶ԣԵЩơ
˲ƽֻǷ籩ǰԤף

ϫһ·ǰС
˲֪ɽ˲֪ٺǴ£̣ϧ˵Ѱҵɽˣ˶û
ܺжϣϫ룬ʶеľƷ˱仯
ں
ںģԡϡͼǾ񾿾ˣô죬־ʣ¶ˣ
ʱţ۵ȽĵڶѮ
ţ
һȻϫһȻŤͷ˼Զһ޵ս׽
ಣ
ϫӰһ㳯Ǳȥ
ſһսü֮
дս
ϫһݣһ˲䱻۷ս״̬
Ȼ˻Ϊһƽ޵ӰϢسһƬսȥ
¡¡
𶯣ﰧʯ飬عѣѤںХڲ֮²ϺХɢǷԲ֮أϤΪҶ֮ء
һսƴҡ
ϸȥս˫ȴ⼫
һʮˣһȴֻһˣ
ϫȻʱһ۾ϳǺȻǷڵԺһڵӺŮ洹Ȼ֮ս
֮˿ݵһĻǿȻһ֮ں͵Ժʮǿɱ
ǳϫһһȻҲһʶս
ò˵ΪŮ洹еĵһˣΪ̫ſȸĵϵᣬȻս˵ǿޱȡ
´˿ԵԺʮǿߣһʱҲκβ
ŵ˵ϹУܹ쵽ȻһģָͷĹ
ϫȴǿȻȻһʱ޷ѹĴֹۡ
ʱƣĴֻԽԽΣգ
ϾǶʮλԵԺĵӣͬѰɫÿһ֮ͬڸ콾Ĵڣӵų󼰵׿ս
Χ¿Ȼ츳ٳڣսپˣҲŤתˡ
ЩԺӣ湻޳ܵġ
ϫоǵĮĳǱս˹ȥ

һս֮ɴ˶ƽԵĿ⡣
޵ţսѣһȾһĻ
һǵԺʮ񾳸ǿߡ
һŮ洹еĵһ˿Ȼ
ͲضԱȣͿ֪ս˫⾿ж
ҲˣŻһսԵüΪ𺳣ڱһ̣ǣ޵ߵ
ͳϫһ޵ߺһսԭ򣬽ԶΪһŶ
֮ǰȻ͵ԺǶʮӼͬһʱ䣬һδŶǷ׷׳֡
õԺǶʮû뵽ǣȾ£ȻȻ֪ѶˣɱõǶֻѡӦս
ǵ뷨ʵǲԸκһĵӽֵģǷǰһĻ
ǵģԺЩֻҪ֣ȻΪŶƼΪأʵһµʱУƾ˶ڵƣ̭˲ٶ֡
Ǽûʧܹ
ʶǴ˿ϿȻȳãµİ֮Ҳ塣
Ϊ˶࣡
˼򵥡
һ뵽˴۵УܰѿȻȼḽ֣̌ǵԺһڵиһĪĿ
ͺ񼴽ҪƷһѰʱַȨ㣬ľһĪĴ̼
һ룬ȻԼܣڵһ۵о̭֣Ǹож༤ģ
ǣսˣһսͽһּޱȵУ
Ȼڴ˴սвҰܣ̭֣Ƕ̫ϽһޱȵĴ
Ȼʮа˾Ӵ˽ˡϧʵǿϧûڶ۵עྫʡ
޵ߵĹʶ
ϾȻĶʮԺǿߣľ£Ȼһ˿ϣȡʤ
ߵ·ƺѱ׶
Ԫ
һͻأĶԾҲдǵĹעһֱĬ꣬˿ҲסĿȥ
һ˲䣬ɫ䣬˪


1853 ȼս
Ԫպܹ졣
һĳͻ̫ϽշԺӽԶһ⣬ԼͬذĿ⿴˿ֿ꣬˿ӣ̲סһĨŹֵЦݡ
Ϊ̫Ͻ̺ԺеǰͲ÷飬ܹԺ̭Ů洹һҪĴˣĿܻ᲻ֻˡ
ǰݣǶ޲һ
ɫһǿԣԸԼЩӲҪһŶҲҪͿȻˡ
һг䵱̫Ͻ̺Ժеһѵ
ѰҲԴ˵ִƫƫѲ˴۵ȳ̫ıζĲ죬з飬֪лε֮ŭˡ
ΪҪǣȻѰӿɱȣ
Խ룬ӾԽͷۣΪ˴۵ȵˣ⣬ʵܵѹҲǳ޷ġ
֮ǰΪԺռƣΪĿǰ۵Ӯ£̫Ͻ̺ԺĲ
񵹺ãŮ洹Ҳ׵ˡ
һɲǣֱ޲Ӳˣûһ̣֮Ρ
ţ
ڴʱȻüڣСʦô
˻һҲһعע⵽֪ʱϫӰѿһսıԵش
һӣӳ״סͷƤ飬пɬ뵽ѵɽҲҪ׵ˣ

շͳãȴջûסЦžĴԵΪ̶
ü㳯һ˵ת̫ᡣ
У͸һš
ףСʦɷѰˣܽԮܻⳡΣ
ЦЦȴһ̾ŴɷװģȾƣԳϫսţҲЩûʧ
Ͼֿʮǿߣ
ĶԻշͳҲ̲סЦˡ
ȻΪҰοȡů޷ıʲôʵ⡣
ڴˣԶѡӣĿս
ҲĿ˹ȥ뷨˶һֻϣЩԺִܹ֪磬þգ³ִ
ʦ֣˽š
һӮص۾Ȼڣͼοӡ
ȴޱغһֱӺ
Ӯص۾ɫһͣڨڨӣٶԣȴЩΪȻǵԺռżƣⲻǸʲôǽŵģ

磬һսС
޵Ʋǰ㣬ʱƣԭǿޱȵĿȻв֧ļ󣬿Ҫѹơ
۵ԺЩӣԽսԽ£ʿ磬Ϊ׵¬ָ£϶ԿȻΧٲȻһԶԷģ
ণ
Ȼһޱȵ쳹أҰ
һɲǣֻǰһԭѿҪѹƵĿȻϳ⡣
ࡢơࡢڡף
ͻͺƴ󣬳ӯԭʼϡĵ֮Ϣ
һֱ֣֮ϣʮɽӣĿ֮
¡
ȻˣǻΪһͷµĿȸɫԣͷų
⣡
ƵÿȻʩչ˿ȸѪĴ֮
һɲǼ䣬粻֪ٻȻ𾪲ѡ
¡
ɫתǺϯһ˲䣬ͽȻһԺӾС
УԺӸͱһ֮ǿ̭֣
һĻ¬ʱɫһȫѹ
ѣЩԺӱʹ˻ȫΧκһ˿ĵ
¡¡
սңڵԺЩӵķѹ£Ȼòȡõһ˿ƣҲǺܿ͵Ȼ޴档
ٴбѹƵļ
û취ЩԺʵ̫࣬һӵоƥܣ£Ȼܹһֵ֮ڣ̭ԷһӣǺܲס
ˣ
粻޵ͬһͷ
ˣԺ¬ҲǲһȻȻ֮䣬һĨ˫ĽٿȻΪ꣬Ȼɱ£
һĻ̫죬Ҳ̫ϣõԺһڵɫԶ΢΢һ䣬ʶѡ˶ܡ
ô˻ᣬȻѳΧ˫һչԶС
ˣ¬˽Զɫŭѣʱ̣ȻƻһɹΧɱβŭ
û뵽ǣȻûѡ뿪ӶݣĿһࡣ
ϫԸ֣һЩ޳ܵļһ
ղųֵǳϫ
¬һݣŻȻԶ֪ʱһӰԣ忡Ũںڳ磬Ȼǳϫ
ϫ
Ȼˣ
УһЩ֮ǰδע⵽ϫ޵ߣһĻʱҲǻȻѡ
У˵ȻŮ洹񾳵һˣôĳϫɽ֮񾳵һˣ
ȣٲȻһͿȻսļƣҲǳ˲޵ߵϡ
ϫСĿɺܲʱ¼һֻҲκЩԺˡ
ôʱͿȻѡ뿪ǵѡ񡣡
ٴü޵ǰ㿺ܣ侲һսľơ
ԪһƬž˿ڣԶעžƱ仯

Ȼ룬ϫҲ΢΢Щ⡣
ֵı⣬ֻҪȻҪЩԺƴһ
˿ȻĻϫʱжϳȻκߵĴ㣬Ȼ˿ѱЩԺӳ׼ŭٸıˡ
ϫʱǵԺԣ֮أֻҲе𡣡
¬һ뿪ղŵ飬Ǳ㵱ûзִ̣Բ򣬿ɱҵȲˣ
У͸źεв
ϫ˫ָĮȻвң
вΣһУǽվͱ뿪ˣ
㣬Ͻʧ
ɶǶѾԭ֮ǰðΪһﾹ飬ʵ֪ô
¬忪ڣһЩԺӴȳԴͱˣȻûѳϫС
¬һʱҪ㡣
Ȼһ̳ϫȻ΢΢һЦȻˣĳǾԵ̫ˡ
ˡ
Ȼ촽³ĸ֡
һ˲䣬սţ֮ǰҪѹ֣ۿ˽ס
֣
֪ѲŤת¬嵱ϣȳ
¡¡
ڻûʱһڵԺӽԶȲȻ
ǧҪס
ˣȻȴԵúƽȥ˳ϫһ䡣
˺Լɡ
ϫЦЦƽУ͸һɰ֮
һǿյĺУ˿ȻһĨɱµâ


1854 ڵ
ս
Ȼȸɫתȥǿƾˣϫּ̧䣬سǧžʮء
߽Ϊ֮һս㶯Ϸţ죬չ¶ɡ
䣡
ڣϷų⡣
ǵԺʮҲ֮ɫ񱦡ƿǳ
һʱ֮䣬Բʮأԡ𡢵⡢ǣ𵴣ӳֳħ˻ʱձϡ촷۵ȵĩհĿɲ
йעһս޵ߣĿȿһĻԶһϣΪ֮𺧡
˵һ۵ȿʼڣûһսܹǰȡ
۹ŽУһսǾף˸
û뵽ȻͳϫȺԺԾһ
Ҳû뵽һսһݳȾһĻ
һ̣УǹԪϯλϣʮУԶһƬţѻȸ
û˵˶۾ĿһԾУ񼤵Ψִκһϸڡ
ԤУһսΪһ۵УΪ۷һս
һսͬҲΪһβļ䣬ϹµʷУӡ¿ɸһӡǣӰ

սУϫһ˶սʮһԺˡ֮ʮԺΧȻ
ȻЩԺУѾõĿȻҪʮĳϫв
ʶǵĴ˿Ȼϡ
ڴˣϫȻ⣬һսѱսپͷЩϸˡ
ϣ
Ȼ֮䣬һԺӰһΪһͷƽ˻죬˫쵶ն£Ǿץϫǣɫ
ϫسһ𣬷磬ԨնɫͬʱɨӲԷĻƽ˫צ졣
¡
һ࣬ͻأɱһڳɫ¯һ鱦¯籡ֺ嫣Ҫ죬ɱϫ
ϫһӣһƬʢĽ֯Ϊ񹂣תݺݽһڳɫ¯һζ˷ȥ
һƬԺ˻Ϊƽ񣬻鱦ӲͬΧϫ
ǻƽҲ̫ʮ֮һƿػ籾Դеġ֮ӵ
У߱ɱڵ̹ϹŶ˵죬Ը
ԺǻƽᣬѾƿеߴУҲǳϫΪеĿǰزŲԷɱ
ԺӵƣͬѷɫƽһлϫþֶΣʵޱȡ
¡¡
һ̣ϫԷɱڣɢʮأѶֶΡ
һ۵ȿʼ֮󣬳ϫͷһн飬Բκε
෴ȱذΧľ£лõķŭҲǳױ߾ܣ棬ԽսԽ£
µƣҲ֮ڽԽԽңΧУܹڸâ
ߣ
һ羪װ쳹ǵԺб¬ˣһͨӿ̤ʱն
޳ָУһƿƿٿȻһ̫ͼۣڰ׶ӿɱϫ
鱦ƿ
ϫУسٿȻһСʽն纣ƺƵ͸ֱǰѹ֮ǡ
صһӲ¬Ĺɢ׷ס
ৣ
ͬʱϫӰ羪ԨسЮ콣ӲһϮһն飡
¡
ȱ飬ܵɣ͵ؿȳһѪĵˡ
ţ
¬ɫһûԤϵϫǿشѹ£з֮һͬ顣
ɱ󣡡
¬屩ȣ˵һеƿӨ͸籡ΪĺڰΪȥ
ͬʱԺһͬλŲͼ˴ϢңӦΪһ壬Ϥ¬ϡ
һ˲䣬ƬرһɿɲļµϢÿһռ䡣
ܹ¬У۳һƬɫĻ棬Ѹٳϫ
ҵ𣡡
˾Уɫ䣬ʮ𾪡
ҵ𣬿ɷһаټΪޣȻҵƸױȣڻУڴеҵ֮
ҝĻϢӿһػɬĲ˲ͽϫ֣һƬǣ
޵߶ǻһ޷󣬳ϫɽһһĴˣȻҪڴ˿ˡ
˵֮ǰǴͿȻɵһĻʱ޵̲סΪ֮ϧĿá
䣡
ȻϣƬȻݣֲϢԿһΰħӰХ
ϫչӰģΪһͼһƬҵϤĥ𣬸޷
ͺñȴ壬ﲻմ
ͬʱϫӰ壬ʩչʱգһسӶãã֮
䣡
¬ʶܹȥһĻƽûôˣɨϣ˫ƣȻɢ

ҽУǻƽֱӱ̭֣

¬ŭǻ뵽ɱ֮󣬷ǵûκγϫһҵ̭һͬ顣

ڴˣϫҲûѸף纣꣬سճ磬ɱ¬塣
¬ŭƿƿӲϫ˻
䣡
һ̣¬˾ͱõɳȥ޷ϫķһ
ô˻ᣬһԺӳ룬նһ˽ɫսìݺݳϫ­ȥ

ԤϵһĻ㣬ϫһӣӲӵͭǮޱȵƷ״һ˲䣬ͽһ˽ɫսìӲڰУ޷˲á
̫Ͻ䱦ͭǮ
Ժɫ䡣
ɻûӦһĨɱ£˸ǣһ˲ʱһ֮Юǿ̭֣
ֱĿҡľ
һ淢̫ˣӳϫĥҵ𣬵һƽ̭֣ٵ˿䱦ͭǮѹԺӣԶڶ̶̼ʱѡ
ɾ⼫̵ʱУԺǱȴֱӱ̭֣֮ǰ˭
ʮһλԺӵΧ£
ϫȻܹһ֮һδ̫˼飬ɵҲ֪жˡ
Ӽ֣ԮȽȫѹ
¬ʶǿȻϫͬԲκСˡ
ಡ
һ˲䣬ΧȻȺԺУطɳӣǰԮ¬ˣһȫлϫ
оȻ仯˵ԺʮΧϫʮһΧȻ


1855 ֮
̭ˣȴһֶǰԮ¬ˣóϫԭȡõһ˿ƣҲǶʱ߽⡣
սƣ뼤ޱȵĶԿС
ƺ֮ǰʲô𣬿ڼʶ˳ϫս¬Ѳκε
֮ǰһ̵Ǽֱʹ˻ƴ㣬ȫͳϫɱ
һʱ֮䣬õóϫѰٵһ˿
ͬģ¬һʱҲκβóϫƳֳҵĽ״̬
ϫǴ˴۵һ֮ǰ˭ܹ԰쵽һ
УĿһԾ޵߽Զпͷ𾪲ѡ
ȷ֮ǰֻĿעǻꡢطȻϣʶΪŽʮʱĳϫ޷۵Ȼˣش
ֹˣҿϫչֳսǻ֮ϵļʱ˭˵ϫǻǣҵһӦˡ
ϫҲ֪ģսδ̫죬ֱǲ˼顣
ܼ򵥣ɽ״ӣǴѩʦܣֳսѵʲô𣿡
ֻ֣䱦ͭǮУǡ̫Ͻеر
۷׷ףĪϫչֳսס޲ѡ
ţȻˣ
ܿ죬Ǳ㱻սеĿȻתע

䣡
ɫ磬ȻĿȸӿգһ䣬ӿֳһɫ׳أ
׳عϡֺ룬ӡޱȵĵƣӿɫ쵵ױ
һ׳ر˴˺ӦȻ˷ݺѹ¡
ʱձ飬һɲɫױϯ֮һж˲촷ۣ
ɫ׳أ
һ˲䣬ٵԺɫ䣬ϳִŮ洹֮
ʶأʩչȫ׷ܣȻӲ
أ
󣬻һԺܲһƬɫױݺе񱦣˲䱻ûС
Ѱ˱ɣԺһ˿ء
Ͼǵ磬Σʱһ֮ǵԺ֮ǰ㽫ǿ̭֡

һɵ̫ˣһһ˲̭ԺһˣЩΧϫ¬ҲԶɫһ䣬𶯡
ˣ
ҲڴʱϫץסʱһӣһӻٿȻڿգԣɲ֮䣬һҡ󣬺ȻƬ򸲸ǡ
ӻ죡
һԵϵ鱦
¡¡
ҡȫתڣƬû⧲֮£¬ȵԺ˽ԶС
ã
󣡡
¬˾ŭѣȫǿֶȫ󣬸һ˿ˡ
ӻУ޷֧Ƭ̣ͻᱻ¬ƿ
ǸڳϫУǵͲһˡ
ɽǿĴʲô
Ƿ
󷨣
ں֮ǰϫѻá޼񹂡Уһֿǰ߶ȣ˿һӻ챻ѷѰɱȡ
¬ͬһ㣬ɽڷϵкε֮ɲʶŻڸһ֮󣬱ʶҵֶȫ
ϧϫĻ৵һһ̳ϫ˱ҲѳС
أ
֮䣬һ֮Ӵӿ֣ҲζţһԺѱ̭֣
ϫȻֶΣ
ǲǵϵӻ䱦ͭǮһ뵽˳ϫУ
һ£ԺЩƺ鷳ˣ
һ޵ע⵽һĻסһ𺳣֮ǰһֱΪϫΪɲޱȣΪɽ״ӣڷϣϫҲǿޱȣ
Ƭ̺
˵һҡУٴӿֳһزԶٴһԺ˱̭ˣ
һ£ԪеһڵԺϰϣҲʱЩסˣɫ䣬üӿһĨ
ãʦΣգ
ȥӪȣ
ЩΧȻһڵԺӣҲǲҡеıʣԶŭ
£Ժӳ񱦣תţݺݳҡȥ
¡¡
һһζѲظ
ЩԺӸˣҽȫ
ȴԭǿȻץסʱȻɫ׳һѹ̭Ժˣ
һж̫죬ԭΧȻĵԺ£ʮһˣ֮ǰɫ׳̭֮һԺˣǾʣʮԺ˼ս
˿̣ΪܵҡӰ죬ʮ˳ǰӪ¬ǣȴΪٶ˿Ȼһѻᡣ
ԸʮԺˣɴʱ־ʣˣԿȻͣĻŹֵ̭ʱˡ
ǣһ˲䣬Ժбһѹˣ
ɶ񣡡

ʷĳ䲻⣬ֿò󣬵ЩԺ˷Ӧʱȥȡ
䣬ŭٲҷȥըҡ󣬶ȫעͿȻսһ
ĿһУסЩĿࡣ
˭Ҳû뵽ԭǼΪõĳϫͿȻȻȶޱȵĴ£չϮ̭֣
ϸһ£ӿսڣϫ̭ĵԺˣȻ̭Ҳˡ
֮еĵԺֻʣʮˣ
ƵԺֻʧˣһжڶ̶̲յʱзʧνǲ֮
˾ƳչȥԺ˵ʧֻ»ԽԽˡ
ˡ
Ƭ̺ҡٴηһ֮һԺ˱̭ˡ
ͬʱҡҲǷֱ߽ɢ¶ϫ¬˵Ӱ
ֻ˿¬ֻʣʮˣһɫ࣬Ŀֱ
̶Ƭ̣ǾҡʧӣȲʧֱ̼
ϣһԸǣ
¬һԵú侲ʶֿԸϫͿȻֻɳ֮
ʱ֮䣬ЩԺӶʱ¬ߣ£ʮˣһɫѿϫͿȻĿֱҪɱһ㡣
ϫͿȻδ׷սֳһ˿ݵͣ״̬
Ҷ
ȻƳһ۳ϫ̾
ˣֻռ󷨵Ĺ⡣
ϫȻһЦ
˽̸ģȻ˵ϫ½̭ԺˣȻ
⻰Ѱ˵ҲʲôƫƫȽŵսУƶһڵԺ޶ðн̸ǵ̬ȣ¬ɫֱ࣬ŭա
һǵԺ˵ʲôˣ
ʵߵ͵Ļӣ
ֱ̫


1856 Ϊı
¬ɫˮ
ԸȻͳϫעѲ֮ǻû뵽սƾᷢת
֪ˣǶȻѡͿȻϫˡ
ѾٺҲ
λһ޵߿ǣһƴȫûҲҪǶˣ
¬ڣм͸޾⡣
ԭǵԺһֱսԣΪǰһս¬ȴǳ׺˿Ȼͳϫ
ԣȻЦˣȻ־ɼΡ
ƺ⿴¬˷ӦдҲԿ֮ǰΪһŶҲǶŭ
ϫ˿ȴüƲʲôȻ뿪ˡ
ȻһһȻһĨâɨ¬ˣξͱǡ
ৣৣ
δ£һȻĿע£ͳϫƾʧԭأԶɶݶȥ
ٶ֮죬¬˸ȥֹ
ˣȻӣ
һԺŭ𣬾Ҫȥ׷ɱ
ȥ𣿡
¬ɫֹ࣬סӡ
һӣЩԺ˽Զɫòѣг˲ʡɥŭ
˴ҹλʦڣɿܻˣ
˺޺޵
仰һ˲ٵԺ˹
ǿȻͳϫȷǿĳ󣬿ȴţҹڣȻᷢȱˡ
Ψ¬壬һ˻ͽסһĨ޺ķŭ̲סЦô˵ΪӣŻʧȲأ
һĬȻ
ô˵ʦΪһжҹʦܵĴˣ
ڴʱһͳݵԶ
ʦǶǺܲˡ
ͬʱһ֮
һĿˢˢȥͿһϮ£̬ҹ֪ʱƮȻ
ߣһӰΣüīӣ
¬ɫһλʦܣѵ˵ô뿪Щͬױ̭֣
ԴԣȻ¬ѲڲԼǷŭ
ˣһڵԺ˽Զ
ڵԺЩ񾳴Уҹ¬ߵˡ
ǾִĸҲˡ
ʦ˵ˣǼʱǰΪǿȻϫͻ׵뿪
ҹȻһЦ˵ˣɿ̫š
ŻȻ֮ǰǿȻϫͻأȥѲҹ˼
¬һ˵Щʲôͱȴϵˣʦ֣ǲܵģȥֻ翴ǵԺЦ
¬ĬƬ̣ã̸ˣȴɽŮ洹ͷϣ
ҹҲ֪ʲôȻȻʦ֣һ仰֪
¬ü˵
ҹĿȻɨ¬ˣ۵ȣȵǸԵʵıǵԺٰܹ֮һʢᣬ޷Ϊƽ֣ʣǡǷһ㣿
һһ٣ֳնʱóš
¬ɫ΢΢һ䣬õҹʦܣΥ˹أֻܳʹĿܻڵм۵
ҹĮȻʦ֣˶Ϲӣ۵ȿʼǵԺԺ̫Ͻ̸´ˣܹһʱһΨɽŮ洹˲ܰ쵽һ𣿡
¬شҹնⲻӦһƾ˶ڵƣǵԺռ˶ٱˣ
¬ɫʦųİţѵʲô𣿡
ʦųѵͲ᷸
ҹȻʦ֣о˵ˣԼȥҹɲ㣡
˵գתȥ뿪쳣
һĻڳٵԺ˶Щɲ
ҹԣһУǻһƾ˶ڵƣΪӮҡ
һֱһ£ôĹƽ
ɽŮ洹µĴҲԻһжǷȡý֮ɾͣ
λͬţΪ֮
һֱĬԵ˿ҲȻһ仰Ҳҹһתȥ
¬ɫѿû뵽˴ҹǰǵǰæģѵǵġ
ֱд
λģǴ˴жΥ۵ȵĹֻܵͷ̭֡
κ¬һοԺˣο˴жʦųţκβˡ
ǡǽô죿
˽סʵ
ж
¬ԥҹĽѵΪ̫ظ

һ̸ʹ˽޷ʲôҲʲô
޵Ǵ˿˷һȻֹĿս
Ϊ۵Ƚڶǰҵһսƾס
³ϫͿȻڰ;ͻأ뿪Ҳ˿Ӱһսɵ𺳡
˭һʵޱȵս󾹻ԳϫͿȻİȻȥĻ
˭󵽣ϫͿȻս֮죬ԶʮλԺ񾳴˵Χ£أ̭Էˣ
޷
ʶŻһ޵֮𾪡
ϫȻˣһӳΪ˽޵߿Ļ
˵ս˭һЩҲǱһ޵߷׷۲ѡ
˭Ҳ޷óһȷĽۡ
Ϊչֳս֮޺ǿ󣬳ԶԾһ޷жϳ
ԪС
г˿
ü䷺һĨظ֮ɫ
շͳȻɫЩͣԭһ赶ɱˡľ棬ȴݱģҲ
ҲԾڳϫͿȻչֳսͬҲԵԺ˵ıָ̲ѡ
֮ЩʣҲ޷˵ʲôһսϾ̫Ͻ̡Ժ޹ء
ǵԺӱһ̭ˣõҲһֻĿС
֮УΨӵһڵԺϰɫΪ
ջӵ뷨ڳϫִս֮ǵԺЩӱӦѡ뿪ǵѡ
ƫƫأ̬ȴչزֹʧӣ׵ɽŮ洹ֱܸˡ
Ӯʦܣһˣ
ȻӳɨһԱߵӮأתȥ
Ӯص۾΢΢һ˸ѣջȥ
ˣ˵ǲδ룬ֻΪ˴εԺ˴ܣõûЩ޷ܣΪʧ̬Բѡʱ뿪һʱ䡣
ΨһЩԺϰʶʲôԶüͷзһ̾


1857 
ҰС
ϫͿȻС
ϦȼͿĨһõ޺֮ɫ
սʱĿȻָֻһģɫѣ쾱ѩ޳ɣ¶һףƥľա
šݡԸУ͸һޱȵζԵüΪء
ǿȻΪŮ洵еĵһˣѪи̫ſȸĴѪǵ֮֮Ů
ղŶлˡ
ȻŻһԶϦдһ˿
ؿû֣ƾʵҪҲ練ơ
ϫڴһ䡣
Σû㣬ҿɳͷһڶ
ȻЦԸӨĺ촽͸һɱ˵֣ԺҲ̫Ͻ̡Ժһܹ֮ǰһҶЩɣԺǷѺ̫Ͻ̡ԺվͬһӪ
ϫ룬һҲ޷϶жϵǣһ̫Ͻ̺ԺıԺӦ۵֮ǰѾΨɽŮ洹һֱڹ
ȻһĨɫҲˣ
ϫͷȴЩأΪĵĲֹЩ
ˣһ·ϣɽӣ
ϫʵ
ȻһȻòֱڣҲδһɽĵӰɣ
ϫȷˡ
Ȼ˼㻳ҲΣ
ϫƬ̣Ȼʵ׹֪кεܹӰ쵽޵ߵˣ
Ȼ촽һָֻ֣񷣺
ϫȻ֪
鲼磬άϵת߷翣޵ߵԶӰ졣нĹʶ
ȻʲôٿȻֹĬƬ̣ȻϫǷΪһ۵УڰʩչֶΣӰˣ
ϫҡͷҲԼǵɽӡ
ȻһŤͷųϫⲢûж޷֪жǷȷȴԸ㣬ϳ֮⣬һв޵
ϫУǺ
Ȼһһٵ̫Ͻ̵̣
̣
̫Ͻ̣
ϫһȻһĨޱȵ
˱̫Ͻ̣Ī⣬ƾ˱ֱӹֶ֮ͨɱǴȵǿ֮Ҫǣ綼дţ˱֮һܹвݺӰ޵ߵˣ
ȻĽͣóϫ϶˴֮Գٳ޷ɽӻϣֻ¾̫Ͻ̵ƣ
һ뵽⣬ϫЦû뵽Ϊ˶ԸɽǾϧر
ȻûжԣҲ˼⣬ԼŮ洹ǷҲȰ㣬˼ȥҲ벻Ȼ
׹ζлѣ飬±иˡ
ϫһԺ˵
ʵԺһߵģһΣգҲݱ˵óѡ
Ȼ
ϫЦЦˣеͬţѰҵǣʵѰ
ȻˣҲٶȰҪأڶ۵㣬ɾЩȤˡ
ϫȻһЦҲһ
˵գתȥ
Ϧ£ǾεӰһѪĺɫεӰֻȴ¶ΪԼ
Ϊ֧ţ˱㲻ٻ¶
ȷǸȤļһ
ȻǷһĨЦ⣬ֱϫӰʧų˸ƮҷٿȻʧԭء

۵ȽеڶеһֱƽһǰƵƵս
ʶϫȻһ𣬶ԿԺʮ˵ĿԾ֮󣬲ŻԵġ
һսĻеٴһĳС
һĴˣԶȡ˼ΪصжԣСнš
ʱƣȴܵһɷĽζ
Ϊǵע£ǶʮŶϤҵûһ֮
Ŀǰɽ˽ԶԻһŶƳΪеӮңˣɽʣ³ϫԡͼˣ
Ů洹Ŷ
Ժ
̫Ͻ̻
Ժ
һԱȣŶϣɽԴһơ
Ů洹ɽ
ԺΪӮҡ
ȻֻǶԱŶĿһ۵Ƚһʱ䣬ĻȻΪ˴еŶޱȵս
ǱȻġ
Ͼɽ֮⣬ĴӲûжŶ
ҲζţڽʱУսɱעɱᷢ
޵߶ʶһ㣬ڽŵعעţڴţĵԵЩƣҲδǵ顣

۵Ƚеºһյĳգձһͻأսƣ
µĵһ졣
Ů洹ʯһ˺ԺطһһҶԾ
գŮ洹ʧˣһŶòѡ˱ܡ
ԺǱߣʣµʮִ¾̭֣ʮӡӲκʧ

µĵ졣
Ȼʯһ˻ϣˣŮ洹һڴ˳׻һˡ

µĵ졣
ɽһĹԣ̫ϽǻһΧƾһ̭֮Էˣձǻܣ˶ȥ
һһ޵߽Ա𾪡
ɽԣΪǻꡢȻطҹ˲Ĵڣȴһߣͱ̭֣β˶ݣ
ԭ򵹲ǹʵĶвֹǻ򣬻̫ϽˣȱΧľ£أܹ̭ԷˣƿΧȥɼʵε֮ǿ

µĵʮ졣
ԺҹԺӷͻطʮһԺӡɱòòӶݶȥ
µĵʮ졣
ҹŮ洹Ȼʯһ˷ͻӶݶȥ
µĵʮ졣
ҹĿ̫Ͻǻһ˷ͻʱȣһ̭Σա

һϵеսÿͱһõеľƱöţҩζʮ㣬û֮ǰĳơ
ĿһУһ޵߽ԶڣֱĿϾӣۻңȻѡ
̾ϧЩ켸ûͣЪд˱ɼеľƺε֮źͼҡ
УΪĿģǹԣҹ
ЩУֹԺ̫ϽսŮ洹Ҳսһ˵ÿζòӶ뿪ȴǳɹ޵ߵĹע
û˸С
෴ۼǰ̾
Ϊ˶˭ܹҹǰ㣬ٶԶ£أܹڶطǻꡢȻֵ°Ȼ


1858 Сʦ
۵ȵµĵڶʮ졣
˵ĹԣƺܲҲ
˵ܲΪһ죬δٴαԺطһ˷֣չ׷ɱ
˵Ϊ׷ɱĹУ·ҹһ־¡
Ժ˾£ãֻܽв
ĿһĻ粻޵߽ԶȻ
֪Ժڵ弫Уһֱ̬ȣǶԴɽŮ洹ǶԴ̫Ͻ̺ԺԶȡĲԡ
£ҹڵԺӵżӰĴˣȻԺطһо˵ɽ˹ԣͲòɡ
ζʲô
ѵԺѿʼı̬ȣɽǱ߿£ˣ
˿̣Ԫеշ򡢳ӶĿһĻҲסɫһӿһĨ⡣
ǣû뵽ǳϫ֮ǰϿȻ̭ǵԺôӣ񵹺ãǵԺӾȻĳɽһӣ˲𡣡
Цڴлصš
ʵֹշ򣬾Ҳû뵽ᷢһĻˣҲɻѡ
ںܶǰӱطԪУ˿ϣֻΨȱӮص۾
֮Ӯص۾ͻһ뿪֮󣬱ʧһ㣬ûгֹ
һȻδʲô
˿̣ǴŨŨζĻȴԵΪƽ
ֻһ˵ֻСһ˵ҵԺ̬ȣֻǲڵڶ۵У˹һλֵصĶְɡ
ԣЦȻϣ˵ĻǻҵȺĵġ
дһĨв
ȴûһЦѴɷġ
һ㲻ٶԡ
շȴüͷ˼Ƴ˻һۣоԴǰЩ췵عԪ̬֮ƺ˱仯
ֹշҲȴ²͸ġ
ΣԱҹ־£㰵һ
Уɽѽʣ³ϫԡͼˣٷ⣬һ۵УɽǳһͿˡ

Ҳһ죬ҹϡ
ϫϥһɽ֮ϣƺڣҹɫԵþ׶׳
ɫĮȻ˼£ٿκһ˿һܵĵ㡣
ӺͿȻֱֿ֮ûѰٵһ˿йɽӵϢ
һ·ֶϡ
Ǵ˴νֻһ˲һ۵ȣȻΪ⿴ĴѻŶֲֵܶᣬֱܸˡ
ϧγϫһˣɽкܶͬҲС
һжζţֻܽΪԼ
̡̫Ͻ̡ǣḶ۵ģ
ϫૣɫȴĮȻһƬӿǵâ
һ𣬾ڴʱȻüͷһ塣
ף
ͬʱԶطһס
ǼԶҹĻ£ƾֳӰǺȻҹ
ϫĿһɨȴһ
󣬱һˣȾѪɫ԰ףήҵ˼¡
ɳϫһӾϳǹԣ
һ˲䣬ϫȻ䵽˼£ϵһνɱ糱ˮǵضңңָҹ

絶ɱȻƬض밧У
أ
ҹͽסЦ
Сʦ壿
ڴʱſϵĻ́ͷϫʱǰȻӿһĨ󣬵ʶϫˣٵСʦˣǾҡ
˵ʲôһһأҲȤˡ
ҹƲƲ죬ʹһ
ᣬʱϵĹԷ¡
ϫȻϸҹãֿ˿ڳԼĹԣسæӭȥ
ô£
ϫԷһʯ£óһЩ鵤ҩߴУü
У͸һĨǣ۲죬Եʵ̫ˣ˵ңʱӵ鵤ҩҲ޷̻Էơ
ǼʱڱԺط׷ɱ
ҹҲ˹
Ժ
ϫкʢ
Ժ֮ǰҺ̫Ͻǻǽʱܵˣܹ̭ӣҲֵˡֻû뵽ƺЩ̫ˣֺԺط·꣬ҹֻ¡
ԴϢڣЩ٣û˵꣬ͷ亹
һλӵо֮˵ǿߣ˿ȴ䵽ز˵˷Ѿ֪ܵƺε֮ء
˵Ϣɣһнˡ
ϫǷߺޣֹۣס˵󣬾ͰĿ⿴ҹˡ
Ρлλˡ
ϫһ˵
ҹЦЦǲǺ֣ΪǵԺ֮˾
ϫ̹Ȼͷ벻һ㣬һ·ϣвٵԺӰС
ⲻҪ
ҹҡͷɫҲǱΪ۵ȣӮҿɲΪЩͽˡ
ϫüëһԴؿҹһۣȻˣΪҪԣ
ҹһۣ̹ԵֻϣɽҪȥӵԺ
ϫ۾˻
Щ˷˴͸ȥֻ㣬ҵԺһֱŹƽ̬ȣһ۵ȣ鷢չһźܶ˶û뵽
ҹ̾ıģǳںεɣӦ۵ʹȲʵֶΡ
ϫܹܵԷ˵ʵжϳҹֻҲ˽⵽ĳЩ飬ʶŻȡȷͼԼԵԺĵӡ
ˣɲֻǲҪΪ˸ӦĴۣ첻һ㣬ˡ޷ԭ¡
ϫĬã˵
ڳϫ̬ȣδҹож֣һ˼ͷţԺɽŮ洹һġ
ϫҿɾĿԴˡ
ǾиˣϫΣ۵ȱҪȥҿǺڴ㽻һ죬´ǾǶˡ
ҹȻһЦ˫ָתȥ
һ㲻
ϫ뿪˼ãҡҡͷٶ룬Ŀ⿴˹ԡ
Сʦ壬صģͿˣ±̭ҲûʲôźˣһҪֵ󡣡
Ըܵ˳ϫĿ⣬۾԰͸ϼһĨЦݡ
Լ۳ϫ
ϫĹԼҲ˹ԷԣСĽԼϣȻ˵ˣڣûܹ̭㡣
Դƽƽȴ͸һɼᶨɵ
кȻӿһĨ޷Ƶůֹûж˵ʲô
Сʦ
ⱲӶˡ


1859 һ
۵ȵµĵڶʮ졣
Ļѽʣʱ䡣
еѱý֮磬޵߶һĵϢѹָо
ʱܹҴڵеĵӣ޲Ǹеĸ֣Ī֮߱һʱ콾
ͬʱеľƣѱޱȣ֮ǰǰ㣬ҪҸֶѡ
һжΪŶ
˱޷ĻɬҲ޷ڸǣжͺñҹɫµһǵ޷٣Ŀš
񣬶ʮŶѶ弫׹Ϸ֣ҲζţЩжʱ׾ͻᱻԷ֡
£ͻսɱ⡣
˵ĵУÿ춼һһޱȵĶԾ

ֵһǣ۵ȵµĵڶʮ졣
һڵԺ¬һ˺Ժطһ֮ս޵ߵע⡣
ԴϴκͳϫȻ˶Ծ¬ӵʮˣϧѾռݶơ
ЩжУԺ¬˲սӮܣʱ񣬼¬ڣʣʮˡ
ԺǱߣ϶طڣʮӡӣֻȵԺһˣսȴҪȵԺҪ߳һ
ԭܼ򵥣Ժֹ߲жط򣬻ǧ𡢹Ľ׿档
ԺǱߣֻһ¬ȻͬӵгսȴҲһܹǧ𡢹Ľġ
ȻҹڵĻȻ
ϧҹ˲ڡ
սδֶյԺӣʧŶʣʮһ˲òӶݶȥ
Ժߣ̭ӡӣʣˡ
һսΪңҲõԺɥʧԭ߱ơ
ʱ񣬵ԺеŶԭ𣬱𻹷ֱҹС
¬ԣһޱȵĴ
Ҳû취һ۵ȳ񣬳ɽ֮⣬ĴΪ˶ȡŶԶɱ۾һֱ̬ԾӵĵԺҲ޷⡣

۵ȵµĵڶʮ졣
Ů洹Ȼһˣ̫Ͻǻһ˱ͻ
һƾеĶŮ洹ߣ̭һӣʣˡ
̫Ͻߣ̭ͬһӣʣˡ
ͬһ졣
̫Ͻǻһ˺Ժطһ˻һ𣬹ͬж

۵ȵµĵڶʮ졣
¬ƺʼĴ£ԺһеӺܲҵ̫Ͻ̡Ժ˵ּл
գʱҹһȫû
һսУԺٴα̭ӣҹ֮Ҳʣ¾ˡ

һҶԾƵƵÿһƾ粻֪ٵĻȻ
ֱԪеһڴﶼ޷򶨣ԶΪеĴĵѡ
̫ˣ
ĻʱȽгױöɱΧӿſɲɱ
һĴˣʩչԼȫֶΣκεı
һУֻΪŶ
ֻҪӵһŶζӵ˽ڶ۵ȵʸӵ˽ŵصĻᣡ
£˭ұ
ֻʣһˣ¹˭֣㽫
ɽʣˣŮ洹ˣ̫Ͻ̰ˣԺˣԺˣɽ֮⣬ĴĴҪڶ۵УϼŶ죬Ļˣ
ɽ˽ԶӵһŶŮ洹ӵ嶦̫ϽӵԺӵ߶ԺӵĶ϶ԣԺռ˺ܴơ
Ժ̫Ͻ̴ֻһֻ»һȫȥŶˡ
һУˣ
ϣ޵߽Զۣڴ٣ڴһ۵Ļʱս
ԪС
û뵽û뵽
̫Ͻ̺ۼշпڴлصš
ֹӡ㡢ꡢڻӵˣҲû뵽˽µ۵ȣᷢչز
ֻǸ˼뷨Ȼһ
շͳӿѾΪһ۵㹻׼Լޱȵļƻ
ǵԤڣ۵ȽеʱɽŮ洹ܻôഫ˼ڵС
ƫƫأ⡣
ԭкܶ࣬շͳӿ󲿷ֱϫϡ
ǵģȫû뵽ϫս֮ǿֹɹܿΣһ̫Ͻ̡ԺҲʧӡ
ѾչȵزΨһϣľǣ۵Ļ֮ǰܹɽ˳̭ˣ
ԣͬҲû뵽ԼµĴ˻ʧ֮ء
ΪһıҲ޷ܻӶԴ˵Ľͣ۵ȽʱǱԺһ˵
ͬأҲϣţǸеĴֵܹ󣬼ֵڶ۵С
ԻӵһڵԺϰ϶ԣͬû뵽һ۵ȣȴݱ䵽ز
ֹǵԺЩʧأУмȵɽŮ洹ֵ̫Ͻ̺Ժ
ԶԴ˿̵ĻӶԣͺòǻżѹ
ΨһϣģǲҪٳκһ˿ˣ

ûз֣ɽǸϫƺܲӽ۵ȵĵ¿ʼ˶ɱ˲֪ٴΣһ·ûһ֣
ţôһ˵Ҳ֣ϫȷõ찡
ϧɽӵôãֻʣ˳ϫˣĴɽһ۵еĳɼЩˡ
⵹ã˴˴ɽ뵽۵еĵӣŽֻʮ˶ѣܹ쵽һѾܲˡ
ˣѵû֣һ۵ȴһʼζЩԣ̫֮¡
ҲЩֻڴڶ۵ʱʶһһ۷ԾЩҵȺսɱ
ϣڵУһƬžеսԶһš
Ĭһ㣬Դ˶ڽѡ񣬶ٳ
Ƕһ۵ȾͽĻĻ֮ǰһʱ䣬ע֣Զ
һˡ
ҹɫ£һƬϪˮԣϫüૣҲûеӣĪǣǶѱ̭֣
һԵĹ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôãҲΪء
ˣ۵Ƚһжˡ
ϫҡҡͷٶ룬ȴǰԾһ̣Ѱͬŵж
ϫҲֵܷͬ۵ȽԼ͹ԶԣͬһϾĿ顣


1860 
ͬҹɫ¡
һվɽۣ֮¸ԡ
ʵ۵Ƚеڣ̫Ͻ̣Ժռ˼ƣΨһźǣʱ˭ûܹ̭ϫ
ǻ˫ָɽ֮ϣԣѪɫ裬Ҫ˷ȥ
Ҳ޿κΣУҿɴû
һ࣬طпһϣͷ˫ϣ۾ŲԲ¡
ѣƲκ·У°ǻȫͬˡ
㲻áЩ
ǻüʵ
ȥҿûôࡣ
ط˵
ǻת˶طһۣЩԷ̬ȡ
գֻҡҡͷϫһг˵Ī⣬ǵھκͼߣӦһζʲô
ط۾ĬƬ̣ȻЦֲ̫ϽжԸԭֶһͷһļһ
ǻҡͷͷ˲һӴеʱ̫Ͻ̱һֱעӣɲֻɽô򵥣Ҳһĺͼߡ
Ŷ
طƺ˾Ȥ˵кβͬģ
ֻܸ㣬ӿܺ͵ڤйأΪϺᣬӦúζʲô
ǻĮȻ
ڤۡ
طظһ飬ԭɵ飬һ̾һ࣬͸һɺޱȵơ
ֻ֮һϵܻкܶ࣬ҿȷǣɳԺ۶ԺǶ̫Ͻ̶ԣԻΪһĸ󻼣
ǻԴǵĮһһ٣ڿЦûп̸طó
û뵽һϾ˶ܡ
κ󣬶ط̾
ԣĻᣬΣ뽫̭֣ɥʧŵصĻᣡ
ǻԴƽȴֳɱ

طһ૵Ҳֻˡ

ʦ㣬Щĳϫ
һƺƵĴ֮ϣʯһʯϣ¹µˮ˱ڷɽȴס̾˿
ѴӿȻ˽⵽ϫĴҲ֪̫ϽΪ˶Ըɽˡ̡
һˣʱ淢ʲô״Ǳȫǡ
Ȼһ࣬Ө˫̽ˮУڵȻǰܹҵ
ҵĵıһ㡣
ʯü
Ҳãһжɡ
ȻĬƬ̣˼ҿϫ˿ɲô׶Ըġ

һ˵޷ƽ
Σʱƣһվˡ
һֽܻմƲɢڰ
죬۵ȵµһ죬һжҹɫ֮ʱĻ

ո
ͼɱӴѹһ³ӭų˸
ҡҡͷ뿪ԭأһ߷һй档
һˣǧҪ¡
ֻ̫ˣôڻûСʦǣѵѱ̭ˣ
᲻ᣬţֵܼڣСʦǿɱǿ̫ˣȻᷢʲô״ˡ
ҰϣͿͼ۾ɽӰӭųأǰǰš
ȴû֪Ƣֱֱţ˿Ҳһӷա
ʵ˽Զע⵽ϫЩܲȴע⵽ͼɲ˵һ
۵ȿʼδ˽ֹ»Ŷ֮Ҳûб˿ŵ
ò˵һж漣һ㣬Եúܲ˼顣
ͼԼƲѣоУͺԼһˣҲϫǣҲһ֣оδ̫įˡ
ȻͼԼ֣ڶַ֮ǰŤͷӵ
ܹ֮쵽һԶԴڴǽţһһطܹϼԶľ룬ᵽԷϢ
ط£һδζ㿪˶֡
ͼս첻µز£ɵƾԼһˣСһЩԲ롣
ԣһһεˣԵú˰
ͼΪԼԲ˰Ϊ֤һУѴע⣬Լɹڶ۵ȣҸֺݺսһ޵߶һͼɾǲ˰
ϧ۵ȵһ죬ͼɵƺһʧˣûãͲһȺڴӼԶԼ߿
ʶأͼŤͷӡ
Ƭ̣㣬ΪһɲǣֲԼĺ󷽣ͬһȺ˸
ͼɫʱһݺһڣָı䷽ӶݣϧȴѾһ
ಡ
һܼƿ˷ʱȻӳֳһӰ
Ϊ׵ģȻǻͶط
ʱͼɫһ
ţȻǳϫ
ײɽһ©֮㣬Ҳ㲻
ǻͶط̿ڣԴҲ͸һ˿⣬û뵽żȻ½صļһͼɡ
ޣ©֮㣿ӵǿһȺ
ͼһ̷ȥˣбǻһۣܲмһڡ
˵ȴȻӿһƬޱȵĽɫԣһ۷״̬һԶսӳ˯ѹƺǾˡ
ڴˣǻֻЦЦȻ⣬Ťͷ˵Ǳ֣ͷţ
˵ʱŲٿȻǰһ磬ָ絶ɱ¡
ৣ
һĨѪɫӿգ赭дѰͼУȴɫȻһ䣬ᵽһΣյϢ
뽵ӣҲԼʲô
ͼɴ𣬼һ޴ޱȵĽɫͷ¡һʱգݺ֮Ӳ
ɫ޸Ϊҫۣһɣһ£Ե˫ӡܼɬĵƣԡ
ǻȶ֣ͼȻȫһ˿
䣡
ɽһ˲䣬ֻо޸͵һһɴ͸ӺݺݴѪڣ˽סŵŵŵ˳ѣɢ顣
һӣͼɫص˼¡
һʶԼսǻ֮䣬˲ֹһ
ǣʵʦֹԿǲ࣬ˣҲú뿪ɣ
ЦУǻٴγǰ̤һһͷѪӿؼ䣬ӳֳޱȵĴĿѪ⡣
ָһץغףγһӡͷͼɱȥ
䣡
Ƭʱձ飬һѪɫִƾճ֣ǧ飬ſɲޱȵѪԡ
ԶԶȥͷ·ѪӿĴֱ֣ҪƬضгˡԵúޱȡ
̫Ͻ̡Ѫ֮ȷһĶطзһĨɫ
˿̣ͼɵһӳȵףһ̫ɲ˷·ȫ޿ӣ޿ɱܡ
һѪɫԼ궼޷ѣ
ô죿
ѵΣҪһ챻̭֣
ͼӿһǿޱȵĲʡ


1861 
ǿҵĲʣ̼ͼĿѣʳѪ
ûзֿ
䣡
нɫ޸ԣ嫺ϯ˻ģƺ˵˼¡
һ磬ǿĲȥֿ
Ȼʱһȴ޷ƿɱһѪɫִ
¡¡ײ춯ص죬ԱŽʱ촷ۣͼ͵һѪ۾ޱȵߵķƵĵɳȥǧ֮⣬ݺڵ档
صһ涼ҵùѣܹͼɻͷһ󲻿ظĴ̶Ħ
˵һһ̵ڱѪǱҵ˼¡
д˿ɼǻʩչġѪ֮кε֮¡
ţסˣ
ǻȴ΢΢Щ⣬ԭԼһԽͼ̭֣ȴû룬Էǿ
ǻ괽Ǿͷһм̾ϢοأҲֻܸʹ࣬ע죬Ȱ㻹ɣҿɲ˷Ѹʱˡ
Уһɾƿصζ
¡
˵ʱٴӿһִѪɫ飬ǵذ㳯ͼֶȥ
ޣ
ͼ۾ѪݺһڣΣֵһ̣Եúܾǿǻ˳ġ
УȴһԼѾ赲ˡ
һҪɱЩ˶
һѪɫǶǻɫ¶Ĳм⣬ͼɷһ춯ص˲ʺͺ⡣
ৣ
ΣֵĹͷٿȻһĨƾճͼǰһն¡
һĨ֮죬֮ͻأͺѲƬԴһǻꡢطﶼʼϲ
Ȼֻһ̶ܼıɢҰ
һ̣ͼɾ۾ҰУЩǶһִѪɫǱӲնϡ顢ΪƮɢ
ǣ
ͼסͻıʣЩӦ
ߣ
һ̣˾ͱһɾЮסϴһϤޱȵ
һ˲䣬ͼɾһУܼ˼¡
Сʦ棡
Сʦˣ
ͼûٿȻͱŲƴߡ

һж̫ͻȻһĨ֣նѪɫͼɣһ˲䡣
ǻͶطķӦ죬ɵҪ֣ͿͼѱһݹŲƴߣڳԶɶݶȥ
ߣ
ǻкâܡ
ǳϫǼһˣһͼɻһ֣Ǻܻ㡣
طǺЦƣȴЩ˷ܡ
׷
Ŀѳ֣ʣµģͿҵˣ
ĪţĪš
ط˵ʱһӣһɫâƾո֣ܻΪһαͨڳ
ۣ
ǴӵС׷Ӱ硱֮ܵ鱦ٶ֮죬
һ˲ϳ˱Զһӵд˱γ׷ǳϫ
û˿ɣڶط£ۣٿȻʱնȥ
һ˲ѣͳʧ

۵ȵһ졣
һһУҲעǣ޵ߵ
ʶͼɱΧ֮ʱͱ޵ע⵽
Ȼֱͼɱܣϫٵչһ׷ս˵еĿ⣬һ̶
û뵽һԾ
һΣ̫Ͻ̺Ժһǿߵ׷£ϫǻֵܼ𣿡
ҿĳϫֹδĹԣҪոովµͼɣֶͨΣʲôս
£ǻꡢط֣ѹˣοǻߣ̫Ͻ̡Ժһǿߣʵ̫ˣ
ôһųϫֵܹڶ۵ȣǿһһһأϣã
۷׷ףԪȴһƬš
û˵
շ򡢳ӣ꣬ڻӵˣ˿̽Զһչս۾һգգûκ˼ȥע
һԾ̫ش
һϫʧҲζţ˴۵ȣɽд˾ȫ̭֣
ۿǰ״Լпܷ顣
Ͼϫֻһˣ߻չ˵ĹԺͼɣνΣ֮
̫Ͻ̡ԺߣȴƺƵֹǻꡢطȾԱ߻һڵӡ
һԱȣһĿȻϫҪֵ۵Ļʱϣϣѱúã
ô
̫Ͻ̺Ժ湻Ҫģ
һҪסϫ
ϯϣȻ޺ۡ𾣡ˮ˵ĽԶΪϫǲѡ
ֹǣͳϫйصĴ۾ޱ۾ǣҲüѡ
Σһ̣缸γһʶ˿̵ĳϫǣ᧿Σ

䣡
ٶ̫죬ʱշҴ̶Ӳ񷸩ͻᷢУһֱʱձĿġ
ʱͼѾܼлָ侲ע⵽ϫδĹʱʱʶء
һĳҧʦ棬ҷ£Źʦһ뿪ɣţƴҲҪΪȡһ߻ᣡ
˵ţͼɾţҪͳϫֿ
죡
ϫɫһôұؽɽ
ͼһɫò˵ЩʲôȴԴϣţĪҪʦˣôǰʦɲðȥ㣬㡭ѵʦ⣿
ҡ
ͼ죬ǸжΣоԼ̫ܣӺ˳ϫ͹ԣõҲܵԼǣۡ
ˣҪģʦķԸ
Ҳͼеĸܣ˵ذúޣˣԺдѻһس
ţ
ͼɺݺݵͷ
ˣϫҲ˿浣ͼɷǿ治ôˡ
ˡ
ȻһʱղӼԶңң
ϫʱһݡ
ĽУ˲ϢͲ׽һɫۣһٶȼ鱦
ɫ֮ϣȻǻꡢطԼ̫Ͻ̡ԺĴˣ

ϫɫϾޱȣû뵽Է׷ٶȻ֮졣
ã׷ˣ
ʱ򣬹ԺͼҲһУɫ䡣
صģñǡ
ϫһԨӿһĨȻ֮ɫĳ
ϫû뵽۵ȽǾֻһı棬֮ʵ޷⡣
طȻѵأҶԣѾ㹻ˣΪ޷ӵˡ
Уһǿޱȵš
䣡
û£ǶطǺȻˣϣ˫ۻӶһɫڿն
ݺݳԶĳϫɱȥ


1862 ֱ
ڿգŹȾһƬصɫ
ƬصɽʯٿȻۻľΪҽ¯УɫˣȣɫĻ֮
ħ
ǻƤһû뵽طһ֣ʩչϷţɲ̽ǶҪ³ϫ
¡¡
գ֮Ϊ٣ٶȼ죬˲Ϣϫͷ֮ϡ
ϣ
ϫһУسȻʣһĨȻĽնȥ
Ľţʽ
صһһձһնΪɽ
һδϫ˺ȴɶݵٶԼһ˿
ô˻ᣬǽƶ
ʵȻٽһ
ˣطȻһЦ޳͵һץһٴڿն
ۿԿһڣ֮ղҪǿһһӳ֣ңɲϢֱҪƬس
ʱ򣬿ɲʺϵ
ǻѪͬһʱ̳֣һ˲䣬۳ǧִѪɫݺύƴ㣬ϫѹȥ
Ѫ֮
ȻҪ϶طսپҹζࡣ
ϫΣӣ
һ޵ߵɫ𶯡
ǻͶطȾǳ֣ȫǿУ˭ܵ
ֹˣ˳֮࣬Щ̫Ͻ̡ԺĴҲ׷׳񱦡ʩչΧϫ
ΪǻͶطԸ˳ϫǺʱ̣ץһʱϫ
Ͼ۵ȵһ죬һϫûǺɾͲ˵ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ƬӿգѪɫ趯һ񱦺Хһкﶼһ󶯵У˵˼£
һɲʱƾֹ
ɫȻ԰ס
Ȼ޺ۡ𾣵˳׽Ӳ
շͳ˴ǣһĨ־΢Ц

һ̣ϫҲܵһĨΣյϢ̼ںѡ
ɫɵĮɱһ˿
ˣ
һΣûʹسǼһɡ
һԵϵ鱦޽ɡ
ٿȻ֮䣬ɡٱԣ˳ϫǰ
䣡
һաһִѪɫһ񱦺һϵ˲䣬ȫ޽ɡϡ
춯صĺУƬȻݣܲסɲײԲʮ֮صͬһʱ촷ۡ
ϫܵһǿޱȵĳɫһף͵ؿȳһѪ
ûеһӲ˵ΣգһٴӶݣٶҪ֮ǰ˲ֹһ
ΪܣȻһ鱦Ҫˡ
̳УһмЦ
Ѵ˱Ǽ׷ӵۣҵҪӵ˼ʱ
طһЦԸ
һӳҪ޽ɡ
ڴʱǻƲʲôͫȻ㣡
㣿
һʱ򣬻Ҫʲô
䣡
һɲһĿɲըȻ쳹ʮأһ޽ɡͻأر飬ɢһϯ˷ûƬء
ԶԶȥͷ·ʮɽ뱬ѣĿɲ粻޵߶ʧһ¡
̫ɲˣ
˭һڻУ鱦ڴ˿ȻԱˣ
˭뵽鱦ȴڣȻԱٵ
ȻһжԳϫֱʣ
¡¡
ܣҰһͻأıըУ⧲֮£ǱըУֱӱ̭֡
Ժӡӣһ̫Ͻ񾳴ˣҽжû³ν֮
ֹǣǻꡢطܿһ٣ȴܵҲԵΪǱ
һеģһ鱦Ա
Ҳϵǰ϶ɵ۾ﶼ£ˣһغ
Աһ£ʱ޽ɡԱܹȻҲ֮ˡ
ɶǻꡢط˶ԣȴ޷һС
˿һĿֱ𣬸û뵽ᷢȱˡ
׷۸εȴۣҲҪ̭ˣ
ǻм͸ɱޱȵĺ⡣
ߣ
ط³һ֣һ̣ۣƿնȥ
һ̣ʵǰѳϫ޵˹

Աһ鱦죬ϫΰ쵽ģ
ֱʣԵĴֱʣǿ鱦
֮ǰ޵߻ΪϫĴǣɵһĻȴһӷˣԶ𺳵ЩĿɿڴ
˭󣬳ϫһΣķǽƫ棬һ󶯾
ʲôֱʣûǿǵϴе޽ɡˣϫܻۣ
ԭˣԶԶԣ۵Ӧǵϡ
һ£ϫǰѵҲ׵ˡ
˵޽ɡò޵߷ӦԶȻʧЦѡ
ȴòϣϫ˾ٵȷˣֻԸ̭֣Ҳһ鱦ˡ
ȻԸôֻҲ첻һ
Ͼǿ鱦ϼܹ䳹׻ٵϫǰ㷢ӳޱȵˡ
ãá
곤һδ֮ǰǰŹϫʱŵҲǷɲ١
ߣ
շͳӽЩʣͬһ׷ɱδʹ˽
ǿɲţϫܹ㿪ǻꡢط˵׷ˡ

һƬɽǰ
ϫٿȻֹĿһɨܣ㽵ȺɽеһϿС
ѱԷӵȻˣֻܶһЩֶˡ
ϫһǿѹסڷڲݵѪɫϾ˵
ʦ棬Ҫ
ͼɽסʵ
󡣡
˵ʱϫƾնָһһɢ˷
һ˲䣬Բ֮ڵɽͱնΪƽء
һУϫٳɣ̤ŲתƣͬʱۻӶһƬһƬܼɬķġ

һ˲䣬Ƭзת飬Ѥԣӳء
ͣ
ϫзһ¡һһƬܼ֯һȻճһͼ򶫷֮ء
ľ񹂣
ԺͼɼˣĿжסһĨ֮ɫָһӣ񹂻Σ
ȳȻޱȵķ裬ɳ̫ˣ
֪ɽУҲֻǵȵ۾ڣܹ쵽һġ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ڹԺͼɾ֮ʣһӳϫзؼ䡣
ͬ콵ּ㣬һ̣һһͼƾӿ֣ӳؼ䣬ͷųͬǿơ
Ƿֱǰ׵۽񹂡ڵˮ񹂡ۻ񹂡Ƶ񹂡׻񹂡񹂡񹂡


1863 ˼
ˡ
ͼذ˼λӳճ󡢻ɬѤʢ磬Ƭȫǡ
Ǳ˴˺Ӧһγһ񹂴󣬸һγɣ㹵֮ͨӳֳһֿɲ
ʥо򶥣ϼɣһƵ쳹ؼ䣬ƬһƬʥ
еġ֮֮ͨûзʵزķ裬޷쵽һ
󷨣
ֶΣ£Ҳֻв󣬷һܿ˽ˣ
ɽķôȻǰѵһɾţˣ
Ǿ񹂣ɽĺĴ֮ϫڷѴﵽȵزǴѩʦܡ
̫磬վ󷨶ѣҿɲΪϫƾˣͿԵסǻꡢطǵĲˡ
ĿóϫõһУʱȻ˾̾˲ΪȻ
ΣܹʱĿɽķ֮޵߾һѡ
ѰлʶһĻ
̫ѵˣ

һ֮󣬳ϫûͣ֡
һڲĿע£óһ磬ı
ǺȻһ鱦
죬ǵϵӻ죡
쿴еϵԪǱ飡
ȵȣǲǵϵ񽣣
ֹˣžѪӡ䱦ͭǮ
һĻ糹׷ˣһһȻ󲨡
޵϶д𾪡֮ɫ
˭ڳϫϾ˶鱦
Щ鱦УԵ󶥼У޲Ǻպ
ô鱦һӳڳϫһУɵ֪ж
ڳҲԵϡұϡϡϡϵȵȶˡ
һĻʱ϶ʱӿһĨԶƵķŭ
Щɶеıﰡ
ȴϫʹãǵĶѪȴ޿κΡ
Щ鱦ǵçŻбϫãϫѰ޵ߣֻѱץסɱһٴˡ
ƫƫأϫɽ״ӣҲֻܳϫҪЩ
óôϫһ﾿Ҫʲô
ܿ죬Ǳ治ѡ

أ
ϫһӣӻٿȻΪһ⣬˻ƵС
һ˲䣬Ȼǣι̲ơ
ԺͼɵķӦ죬ʱͿϫҪ鱦Ϊۣ񹂵ܣ
ء
Ȼһ̳ϫжһ鱦ֱС
һɣ񹂴Ȼ֮䣬ڽ
ˣϫͣжһƨ˵ϣɫЩ΢΢԰ס
ӲڣһпɣʵѺķ˳ϫѪв֧ţΪҲԭʼľ͵ز޷һС
ʦ棬ʲô
ͼɺ
ͽ˼ɡ
ϫڵ
˵ʱһϥ
ˣҪתÿƿء
ֻϣƾܹǼֵ˴۵Ļ
ϫĿ䣬ңң⡣
Ǵ˴ܹڶ۵ȣţһҪ̫Ͻ̺ԺЩӳһ
ͼҧгݣݺݵ
ǱȻġ
ҲĿɱڡ
֮ǰһ·ϱΧɱò̭֣һеսǶԷ̫ࡣ
һһǻꡢطˣҲ壡
Сģˡ
ڴʱϫȻ

󷨣
ӵҲ֪ѲãǴעһˡ
һƾո֣ǡ˼֮ǰһĻʱǻͶطԶ۾
ӵɫҲЩÿ
֪ɽ³֮ȼߣ£һ񹂴˭ҲĲ
֮У˭ܿŵ
ǻʵ
̫Ͻ̺ԺӽԶĬȻ
֮УҲ֮ͨɽǰĸͼȥ
ˣǻüȻĿУϫΪһ󣬱ܻΪģ
һԣô֪
ϫȻڣҲܹǻˡ
Բ
һ̫Ͻ̵̲ס־ͱͷڹ꣬ѵɽ˾ͣ
ޣǻ˵⻰ţδȺ޳֮ͽһ֣һǵƤ
ȳϫڣͼɱݺһڡ
ǻüͷ壬ֹסĶĮȻϫҿһᣬǵĿֻһֻҪ㱻̭֣ǿԷŹͬ顣ΪΣ
ԲУ
Ժͼͬ
ڴˣǻ겢ᣬֻǰĿУڵȳϫ𸴡
磬Ҳһ
ϫƽڡ
޷
ǻɵ
Ͷطһҷ˴۵ȣɺãһˣˣҲˡ
ϫȻ˵
ǻͫзһĨɭȻѶŭ
˷ѿ࣬ȥֻӸõʱ䡣
طһƴɣҹĻ֮ǰԽһˡ
Ҳá
ǻĬƬ̣³֡
һɲǼ䣬ǻͶطȻ֡
ǰ߼һɫߣ߼һͭŽ̳ǡ˼ɱ¡
һ̵ˣڵһʱͼ񱦣Դ⣬Ҫƴȫʱڴݿ
һսͻأһйؼǡ˼ϡ
¡
ܵ˵Ĺ˼ȻһȦȦ磬ӳվʮء
ͬʱϫûκγɣתܣȫһ
ôǿ󡣡
һ֮£ǻжϳǰ˼󡱵ܣǲһĨȡ
һ֣ñ
Ըһٴνй
¡¡
Ӹҵ׷׳֣ʩչԼһʱ֮䣬ƬһУڿգʢĿ֮Ĺâ
УϫɫϾϥأƿŰ˷񹂣ϻǳ
ڣͷųʢԣе翪բˮ㣬ӿУάϵת
ϧǣڵУûпɹԴȪ磬ϫȫԽ֮ΪԴȪѴ֮㽫һй⡣
ҺãвԴԴϵΪṩں̶ֲܴһȱݡ
׶ҲУǾһϫƿصסתģǾΣˣ
ǳϫĵĵط


1864 Ԯ
ܿ죬ϫĵľͲҷ
ǻꡢط˵ȫɱ£˼󡱼һ֮󣬰еһЩĽṹбļ
ȻֻһС֣һͺ񵼻һ㣬ֱӵ
һ̣ǻꡢطҲȻϸ΢ı仯ʱԶһ
ɱҪи
⣬Ѽֲ˶ʱ䣬ʱ˭Ҳˣ
ǻȣѪɫ̬ˣоɭȻ֮ɫ
䣡䣡䣡䣡䣡
˹ɲܼ꣬񱦡кǵء
Ǹ磬һֹֻ¶ԻһƬһɲޱȵˡ
һ̣һ޵Ҳǿһľѡ
̫ǿˣһƾϫս¸޷ֿڡ
ߣԶٰˣʲô𾪵ģǻꡢطͳϫһĴֻ»ϫأ
ҵǸоǳϫֶοʵΣ£֮Ӳֵڣʵϡ
ΣϫվѴУ֮ʱֻ¾Ǳֵ̭һˡ
۷׷ף඼ھ̾ϫʩչķֶΣ޷ΰ쵽һеġ

ԪС
շͳüû뵽ʱ̣ƾǻꡢطսδܽϫ˳׽ˡ
û뵽СʦķҶ޷ǳ
Դȵش
Ұ첻һ
ڴһ䣬ĲɣΪϫǡ
Ϊɽһ۾ڣķȻ˼Ϊ߳ĵزĿ˳ϫĲֶ֮ʱף۷޷ȵϳϫ
޷ڷϺͳϫȽϣȴĳϫȷΣա
һ˼󡱵ķͼУһЩƽṹһ˿ļɲʲô£
䵱ʱǻꡢطǼӽȫǡ˼ʱҲΪ֮
񣬾˴۵Ļʣʮʱ֮࣬ȹ£ϫֵܼ

㲻Ը⣬ҲòϣĿǰľжϣϫ޷ı䡰˼гֵ˵ʮʱһʱҲֲ
㶼磿
һԵƱܿ͹˲ЩĿһӱзһĻ
䵱﷢һʱɫҲء
ʱڵһƬУԿȻʯΪ׵Ů洹ӣҹΪ׵ĵԺչһս
һսһͶʱ˲޵ߵĿ
ڹעǻꡢطͳϫ֮һս޵ߣҲ׷װעŲ˹ȥ
ԭʵܼ򵥡
Ů洹͵Ժ֮ĶԾ浶ǹĶԿƴǸֶκܣʶԵΪʡ
̫Ͻ̡Ժɽ֮ĶԾһʼעһԶ٣ʵսֳΪһɱġսۼʳ̶ȣҪѷɫ١
Ȼֻ޵ߵĿ
һЩرעϫ޵߶ԣŮ洹͵ԺһսıͬҲͷųһźš
Ǿڵǰ£ϫѳ롰ԮĴУѵȲŮ洹Ԯ
֮µĳϫˣֻƾԼȥǰһΣˣ
ȻҲһ㣬ɫһӱޱȡ
շͿȻˣԶЩֻЦ˳
ǵڳЦ㣬ڳЦԺ֮а̫Ͻ̺ԺһŮ洹ĺ󻼡
ӵ˼ˣԶһԲ˿оġ

¡
ǻꡢط˵ȫɱ£ǡ˼ּ˲һӣڳһ˿
һͼУһЩĽṹȻֳ١
ܺã򣡡
ǻзһĨ󣬳־
Уһ˿ʱϫüͷײ壬ɿͼɣҪһ£Ҫ׼
ʦ˵
ͼվ壬ղһֱԹۣȴ޷κæҲޱȡ
˵ȥľǰͼһǧʮ߸ƽṹλ֮ҡƻȥ޸ˡ
ϫɿָ
ˡ
ͼɺϻȥӰܿʧС
ΪɽӣҲѻ񹂴Уеķƽṹޱȡ
䣡
Ȼͼɸ㶨һУһ󣬳ϫʱһУٴзĽṹƻ
ɫһǰٶȳȥͼȥ޸Ҳⲻ˻ᱻ׻ٵ
ô죿
һ̣ϫҲеһޱȵѹ
ԼҪȫתȥĹ޷ȥ顣
ʦ棬ɡ
ȻһֱڴĹԳ
㣿
ϫüһ۾ͿΪأ״̬ȥ޸ͼܻ˼
ʦ棬ңɡ
ԼᶨֻҪ̭֣ʲô
ϫĬƬ̣ٳɣ׵۽񹂣ʮߴƽṹλ޶֮Ӣƻ
лʦ棡
ȳϫ˵꣬ԱһתȥΪ˲óϫģ˿ͦñֱǹ̬ݣ¶һĨǿš
Ǹǿļһ
ϫǷһĨЦ⡣
͹˲ٶ룬ȫͶ뵽תС
ϫƾķҪֵ˴۵ĻҪ̫ѡ
ǵǰ£Ҳֻô
ΪѾû·
ֻҪֵܼ㹻ˣʱ˰Щ񱦶Ա
ϫһĨĺ塣
۵һֱΧһֱһ̫Ͻ̺ԺıУֹ޷ɽӻ棬ٵ̱̭֡
һóϫбһŻԴûǱ
ϵ׷ɱʱҲδ˱ŭ
ʦ棬Ѿ޸ˡ
ԶУͼɵõóϫһ

ԣһôʧˣ
⣬ǻǵȫɱ£ǰһƣǵûм˥ȥлָļ
ֻǣƾϫһ˵ͣȻܰһתزһֵܹڣʵҵϡ
طҲüڣҪ֪ҲȱһԴȪ£ϫ֮ת󣬰յԣֲ̫ãȥʱˣûһ˿˥ܵļЩ
òᣬһϴһܹıɣ
˽סʵ
Ӧˡ
طͷȴһ̾Ȼû뵽ϫ֮Ѳһ֣һʱҲκβ˶Է
ֱǲ˼飡


1865 Сʱ
˶طĻǻҲһĬ
ãȻ˵ϫȷѲ֮ǰǼȻܹ俪һ˿֤ҲڿǿţֻֻҲԼ̫á
˵ţǻһȻҪٳˣΣҹĻǰ̭ӣ
¡¡
սУңƬرԳ⣬Ŀʮء

ȹ£ϫҲκε
ȫתӴ֪ÿһϸСı仯Ψֳκһ˿
ͼɣ񹂣һʮĽṹ¶λ롢ͥơ
ԣ׻񹂣һĽṹλ˸աڤѩơ
ͼɣۻ񹂡
ԡ
սϳ˼гֵ࣬£ͼɺ͹ȫ䵱ϫ֣ͣ޸ƻķƽṹ
ҲҺ˽Զɽ񹂴У䲻ϫȴѹˣƾϫһˣֻѱһˡ
ɼˣʱƣϫҲǸеѹ𽥱ɫҲһޱȡ
ʱֹ̣ҪתУҪָͼɡԶȥ޸ƽṹ֪źεȴѹ
ǼޱȵĵΪҲе˳ǲṩԴԴϵֵܼˡ
ȣϫǵͼɺ͹ԡ
֮ǰѸˣ֮ȥ޸϶ԣҪΪ
û·Ҳֻ翹ȥ

ʱ䲻֪š
ܿ͹ȥʱҹĻ٣ֻʣʱ
УעһĻ޵ߣ޲ѱ𾪵ԣš
˭˶ޱȵĴ£ϫǾȻӲֵܹڣ
̫˼飬󣬾һʵֵ漣ڳϫݣ˷˼ζ
ѵ˵γϫƾһ󣬱ɹѹأֵ˴۵Ļ
һֵܹڣϫֻѱǿ֮ĩıԵûô֮ǰ˥࣬һϫκһ˿ܻغ
ȷ˵ֹǳϫǣ㿴ǻǣʱĺ֮󣬲ҲЩԲˡ
ΣͿ˭ֵܼˡ
۷׷ףΪԹߣǿԱȫ֣սÿһ˿ϸڵı仯ʱǶЩжϣһսԺεȷʽĻˡ


ôԹ򣬼ֱ̫ĹǶӲ
ô죬ֻʱһ۵ȾҪĻˡ
⣬̫Ͻ̡ԺĴüѣԶðɣɫˮ
ɱʱûƵһǶԼֱǸ裬бջޱȡ
ΪҪǣµҲ󣬿ҪԲҪġ
ǵȻѡϢĻͬ˳ϫǵ޸ʱ䡣
ټʱһ۵ȾͽĻĸԵˡ
˿̵ǻͶطͬκһ˿֮ɫ
һսϱ㷢ǱΪʱڱ㽫ɽһڵһգ̭֣˭룬̬ķչȫϡ
һ󣬾һıݰ㣬⣬ʱ֮ǰĿ뵽ˡ
ֻжá
ǻɫ壬俪ڣ˵һ룬ƲʲôرһĨâ⡣
һɲǣطҲƲǷһĨЦ⣬ǡѼֲסˣ
ȫԸ
ǻȣԣ̬ʮȫƵģֶα͡
ֲסˣ
ҲʱӦΪ֮һ

ۣ
УҪȥ޲һƵĹӰ͵һԭأ̲סȳһѪޱȡ
ӰһζֱҪһ㡣
ԣɣ
ϫһ
ʦ棬ңС˶ѣһܼ
ͷҲأһҪж

أһӱϯ˴أڳϫǰĵϡ
سǿɡ
ϫ̾һƽȴ͸һɲݾܾζ
пɬѣ
ͼɣҲ
ϫŤͷԶͼɡ
ʦ棬ţû¡
ͼɴе

ϫɫȻ䣬ѴһĨŭ
ʱ֮䣬ͼɲټ֣ݺһţΪʵطأڵϴͷɥ
ˣϫЦˣѵǶʦôûģ
ͼɺ͹һ
ʱ򣬳ϫѳһѴﵽޣ޸Ҳͽֻͣܲȡսˡ
սԣ
ͼɺ͹һ£ѵĳ·

ԪС
һֱŹעս갵һ૵Ҳãܾ˵Ļͱռˡ
ԭʱĵУŮ洹͵Ժ֮ĶԿڳʱҲڴʱĻ
սϣ˫޳κֳƾУ˭Ҳ޷κ˭ľ档
ҲˣǿȻʯҹԶĬѡֹս
Ϊٴȥܾ֮⣬˭Ҳֲκαˡ
֣Ҳһ޵ߴ۾ʼϲϸһȴҲ֮С
ΪʱŮ洹ʣˣԺҲ࣬ʣ¾ˡ
һս˫ƴһܾˣôܹ뵽ڶ۵еĵĿֻ¾ͻ֮١
ţŮ洹ȻҪȥ
쿴ԺҹߵģǺͿȻһ򡣡
ܿ죬޵߱ע⵽ڶԾ֮Ů洹ˣǵԺˣѡͬһжǳԵüΪ͹ء
״˻ǷѽΪͬˡ
Ǹǡ
˳ĿȥʱͫһŮ洹͵Ժǰķ򣬾̫Ͻ̡ԺɽһƬ
ѵ۵ĻǰʱУͽһ֮Ļս
˶档

ϣ
磬˼Уͼɺ͹ԳԾĿע£ϫ̽һץһҹȻ
ǺȻԭΪ׻񹂡۵񽣣
ʦҪʲô
ͼɶɻ
ܿ죬Ǳ˴𰸡
ֻϫ磬һӣٿȻΪһĨĺڹ⣬Юһ޿ƥе֮ɲ֮
ֻʧȥ񽣣׻񹂵ȴһɲǼ䣬ͼ˴롭
ͼɶһ˲ѵʦѴƸۣˮһսͶԷƴһ


1866 ޹
硣
⣬ͻأأǻꡢط֣ⷢǰ˼󡱵ɲ֮Ȼˣ
ᣡ
ѵĻᣡ
˶۾һһĨļ
һսڣҲǱһӻڿȻ֣ܲˣ
ǻꡢطһ̶һĨпһսʵ̫ˡ
ҺãԷ֧Ųסջʱˣ
һ뵽һƳǿɶĳϫ˾ͽȫ¶Լ֮£ҲһĨƵĿܡ

ǻȣȻոպһ֣Ȼֹ
ΪһɲǣһƥĺڹٿȻʱգ
񽣣
ǻͫȻţϳԵϵ鱦
ⲻص㣡
ΪһɲǣǻԺظֳһĨ桪
ʱ֮ǰһ޽ɡȻԱ⧲֮£ֱ̭ߵˡ
ʱЩ˶㱻ܵǱ
һΣͻأ֣ҲԱ֮
һ뵽⣬ǻ͵һɫ䣬ʶȣ㣡
һ˵ʵԶɲ֮ɡ
ֹǻ꣬һ˶Ƶһ޽ɡԱĻ档
ͲǻѣʶͲȡܵĲԡ
ˢˢˢ
һɲǣԶԶȥ֮
Ȼǣһ񽣲δԱڳ֮󣬾Ѳ߮ĵۻʰ㣬ִظɻУ
һĻʱЩκͻ
õǻꡢط˵ɫһ粻ðɣһǿҵܸ߳С
һ޵ԭŹעһУɵ˻һĻʱԶһƬôЦ
Զû뵽Σֵʱ̣ϫֶȥϷˣ֡
ǻꡢطǵķӦҲδԵ̫һЩֱǷণľԱЦ
ĻˣϷˣǣ
һ̫Ͻ̵ֱ¡
ΣһһҪ̭ӵĻˣĵֶҲãֱ䵱ɽĴˣ
Ҳ޹⣬ֱš
Ǻǣܺãܺã
ǻҧЦмԳϫҲǺ޵˹
ʲôʱǻ˶˹
ûУ
ĪҪϻˣ˴˵
طһ̣Ҳɱڡ
˷ȻԶɣ»һ
ৣ
ʱһʱղһ񽣹ЮſɲĽٴɱ

ǻһ

һ̣ʶֳԶܶȥû취²ȷһǷԱǸʱ̣̭ˣǾ̫㡣

ִҡڵطһȦٿȻС
ɶ
ˣ
ɣ

һӣǻǴǶס鴤оһεĶݺݳϣۣ澡ʧ
޵߿һĻԶЦˣֲ֧˭Ҳû뵽ԭޱȵһҶԾһĻһĻĺ档
еͼɺ͹ԼˣҲסʧЦʦδҲ̫ϷŪ˰ɣ
Щһ湻Сġ
ԪС
㡢ꡢӵ˼ˣҲסݸδЦ
Цݿշ򡢳УȴƤһȣջΣаϫСֱ̫ӣ
Ȼǻꡢطǵı֣ҲշͳΪбҪ˽С
ʵ侲һ룬ǻꡢطȷӦҲ֮УϾһ۵Ļѽʣʱټ֮ǰ޽ɡԱ̫ɲ£ɿܸҲСˣ
Ψһźǣ޵վԹߣһעǴǿֵģһĻһٵطʱ͸еܻЦˡ

硣
ǻꡢط˽ԶĬɫѿ޵ݶҧ飬˹ۿһЩ
ɿϧʱǸ룬֪һ޵߰һп˸
ǶԼоЩ޵ֻ¶ڷЦˡ
һеģǸϫ
һ̣Ǽֱ޲ѳϫ˺ι
ô죿
˴ƳĬ
ǵģٷ飬ô죿
ѵҪһֱǱεȥĻǶ˲ɣ
ǻһŬԼ侲Զ󣬷ɿ˵ǿ𽥼޷ָȻϫ죬Ųòʹȱӵֶɱǡ
̧ȥȻǻǰ㣬ɫźϲ١
£ֻҪһЩôˣ
˵ţǻȻ֣һٴδˡ
һĻֱǻŭһжˡ
ܲˣҪɱˣ
ǻסȴ̲סֻԺһӡӴһ糹ױŭԶް㣬񱦣ͺݺݳɱȥ
ã
ûɵأǻпһҪʱȴѾ
¡
һ춯أıըٿȻ֮䡣
ܹһ񽣻δٿȻһɿֲޱȵâԣһɲǼͱըɢһƬ̺Ż֮Ŀ񱩺ϯ˷
һΣԱˣ
˶ʱЦ𶯲ѡ
ǻꡢط˶ԣһĻʱԶٴʶܶȥ
һŭԺ˾ûȺˣֱӾͱһըУ̭֣
һ£˶Цһþɲû뵽ϫȻٴһ鱦
ȴۣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰϫѸһ޽ɡָһ񽣣鱦ԭڳϫɵǾʹ˱٣粻޵۲ѡ
ǣֻԸ̭֣ûٵȱˡ
̫
⣬ط³ĸ֣絶͸ɱױŭ
ڽ֮ǰԺ߻оӣɾڽ죬ȴ½Ժӱ̭֡
Ǳ޽ɡԱУһǱղ񽣵Ա̭
񣬼϶طڣԺֻʣˣ
ȴʱ̫Ͻ̶Ҫһλ
öط޷ܡ
ˣ
һ̣һϵĻɬٿȻڶطӿ֣۳һعӵ
һ֣ȻһǬ
һĵƴһдʼoоͻ֮Уʥ˼£ӳĵöط̳ڵϴڰ㣬һ˵Ϣ
Ժ̫顯һҪˣֻû뵽ԺԺὫ˱ڸʹá
һǻһâӿ


1867 ̫
̫飡
һضǿ鱦һֱԺԺУйش˱ĴŲ֪ж١
ģǴŴ̫Уӵʮҳÿһҳһ磬̺һܡ
̫ʮҳʮ磬ʮܣ
Ϊ˽ֵǣ˵̫һҳϣйϸԪĴţܲ͸ԴƼԪϣ⴩ȥδУɾĴ֮
һеĴţΪ̫һɫʡ
ӹɣ˱ǿѳѰϵ鱦
ϧǣ̫һֱƿԺԺǵϴУһֱδĿݡ
ʱɫʵڶطʱ֮䣬ǻҲ𶯲ѡ
ֹǣ˱ҲһȻ󲨣ȻѣĻ뵽Ϊ˴˴۵ȣԺԺὫｻطʹá
һʱ֮䣬糹׷ˡ
̫һ¾
Ѫ
ˣԪеҲɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ
Ǻǣ
ЦʵҲһƬκˣΪԺ˱˶ط
ߣ
һٶԡ
ڻӡշˣ˼ͬû뵽Ժ˴׼֮֡

ˡ
ϵĻɬϴӶطе̫ɢ뵣ʥޱȡ
УĿôĻʱϫҲȻһδϳ˱ȴᵽһɲͬѰζ
̫飡
Ժͼȴһ۾ϳ˱Ծ

ϫü
Էɿ콫˱˵һ飬ɫأû뵽Ժó˱Ǵֱʡ
֪һУϫҲ֪¾Ա鱦ֻҲκβ˶Է
Ϊ˿̵ĶطѶŭּ̫ٹʼʩԾǰװ˷Щ鱦
ǵģԭϫע⣬°Լеĸ鱦ˣҲҪֵ˴۵Ļɡ
ɵĿһУʱ֪ıˡ
еȺȥʶʶ˱ܡ
һϫһĨᶨס۷ʲô£Ҳ̤һΥ棬ӽԺǾͱʦˣ
˵ʱ󲽶ȥɲǼʧС
ʦ
ԺͼԶޱȣĻ뵽һ̳ϫҪһȥЩ֣
һʲô⣬Ǻʵ룡
һֱ̣޲óȥͳϫսˣһ뵽ϫȻмֱ尾˼¡
ĪҪţʦзӦһС
Գڡ
ǿ϶ģ
ͼɴе
ʵԼֻҰοˣҲֻ˰οԼ
ϧжԳϫĵǣȴǲ

ϫҪʲô
òҪһȥԿǻꡢطǰɣʲô𣿡
ѵҪԼȫԺͼɶˣ
ط̫飬ҲĪѹһҲòͦ
ϫ̤һ޵Ҳ⣬֣޷󣬾ʲôʹôġ
Ҫ֪һȥԵĿǻꡢطԼһ̫Ͻ̡Ժӣ
£һ˼ֱɶ˻㣬ܸı棿
ɼΣ
շƳ˵ķζ
ɫˡ

⡣
ϫǻꡢط˽Զһ⣬һϲ
ĻˣڰƳˣ
ϣ
ϫ֮󣬱ֱˣسĿ㣬ٿȻԶĶط
Ϊһ̣ƿ̫ĶطΣյģҲǴϫѹġ
ϫˣ
һ̣طЦȴǺЦ⣬Եɱ֮
̧ͷ˿񷣬૵ʱ㹻̭ˡ
ǿɲһ
ϫȻһϣҲð쵽һˡ
仰ƽǻ˶УȴԵüΪţǽԶסЦ
λһӣֽһ
طĮȻ
ǻüͷһ壬ʱ̣ǿɲΪѷʽˡ
ɵĿöطɫеľȻ֮ɫʱǽԶټ֣ĬҪ
һӣ
ϫЦˣЦúܲã䵱ԷҪԼʱ֪˵Էǿ̫š
һҲòϡ
δ£طӿֳһĨʵʵķɱأ˷ơ
У̫ɬϵ⣬̫Żʱʼо
գɱš
һɲעҲһĻ۾Ψִκһ˿ϸڡ
һǶطԺӡӣ綫ͳ츳Ϊ׿Խһλս塱ΪԺ㡱
ЩͷΣ֪һλεҫ۵ľ
̫飬֮ʢֱԹڸǹŽ񾳴ڣ˫
һǳϫɽѩʦܣʮǰΪĪ⣬һһ¼۵ʱУͨһս֤ǿ
֮ͽչһ潻棬עһǰδе۷Ծʱ̣˭ָҺˣ
˿̣Ŀɱһ

䣡
طȳ޳ƾһ̫Ȼ򿪣ӳֳһҳ
һɲǣʢʮأ
Ƭ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣΪһƬޣֻ޾Ŀɲڲȡ
ǵһĻֱ͡Ҳûʲô
ϫͫȻ𣬺âӿ̼Ȼڣȫת
ΣյϢ
⻹۵һ˾Уƽ
ϫȻ塣
ЩѺͬиܵѹ԰Ƕ̫֮Եʡ
ܹ϶طȶ֣δսҲѾõĻɽڴ˿Ȼ籡

طзһХּ⣬ٿȻΪһйϡɬŤּܼ꣬ᣬȻԣֱ嶷ţ
ԵģΪģ
Щһ֣ڰܼϣΪһƪĵճϫɱ¡
һɲǣءγʱաߡﶼ类塢ѹκһ˿
һƪ֮£һжҪѹκΥ֮ڣ򣬱Ҫɵ֮³
ǡ
̫ĵһҳ飬ƽ򷨣
Ȼطһ֣ѶǿֶΣҪ书һۣѹϫ


1868 

ĿһɵĿɲƣǻǣһ޵ߣԶɫ䡣
̫һҳ̺
ֻڶطУܷӳǸԺԺǵУܹӳܣ
ϫܷһ
˵Ķ޷Ϊϫġ

ˣ
سХ䣬
طȻʩչһɲϫҲͫȻһУɳ֡
һɲǣϫȼܻΪطƣʢҫۣ£
УسӶһХɱ
Ľʽ
Ϊ嫡һУһֱ֣Ǻ죬ǣ֮¡¡ʱգȥ
أ
һƬľײ𶯣ƬضƱ𶯣Ҫݡ
Ŀɲǻʶ׷˱ܶȥΨֱС
أأأ
ײδһ˲ͷֳʤʮɽڳײÿһײ꣬أɢʮһ촷ۡ
ͬÿһײ磬ҲЩ޵ߵźݺݲ𶯣ֹ
Ծֱ֮ǿӦӵе̫ţ˼
ŵŵţ
գһھĿע£սеĳϫɿƵ˳
ÿһ˳ʱնΪѷ죬ɢ˿̵ĳϫ˺εǿĳ
ȻЩǱգϫһ̫һҳеġ
һ˲䣬޵ͫޱȣš
ôǿ
ǻȴͫһͬ޷ţϫսǿ󣬾Ӳסһ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʱУϫƾһ֮תһ˼ǵȫȻļ
ɾ£ܰ쵽һǻ˶еһɲ

ãá
ԪУૣеĵǲδ٣ΪһԾŸտʼ
ϫĶ֣˶ط֮⣬ǻˡ
£ϫںͶطֵĵһغϣԲռƣβģ
ȻֻǸտʼ֣̽ĳɷ־Ӷ࣬˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣսˡ
ܵһҲɽ˵ݣҲ˰ˡ
赭дһ䣬ﻰ⣬ʤȯյԽС
ڴˣٴˡ
˿̵ǳϫĻ˼Էǹལ

ýʶؾȥӦԣҪԲһ˿
һ̣ϫȴԵüΪƽ֪е뷨ֻ»Ծ
ΪȻղһУϫδյĽ
֮֮ǰĽ棬Գϫԣһ̽
ֲøҹǰӵ԰ˣҶԣȴԵ̫ˡ
طҲЩϫܹԼһܿ죬͵ĮһЦָƽ
ֱ֣һӣ֮ڣұԽ㳹硣
˶٣طĿ磬ϫ˵ûκλᣡ
ˣ
˵ʱ̫鷢ϵĲ뵣ƮһƲȻԵĵġ
Щ͸ʥԭʼĺϢϻۡϡܻ
ܿ죬ѿԿһҳµĵ۳Ρ
һɲ¹ڳţһʧؼΨһҳͷ
֮ǰġһҪɲõƬһϢѹϢ
ͺһ̣졢ءﶼᱻһٴƣһ㡣
̫ڶҳ⡱
ĿһĻٴ𺳣ΪǶʵ֮ǰһչֵطȫáսռơ
ƫƫأûãǶ˱ȡΪǿġ⡱
Զ綫طԼԣҪ֮ڣͽϫ׽ٲκĻᣡ
һɲϫӿԣ¶κη塣
෴طһʱΪȻǶԷֻиղһչֳܣǲŻóϫеʧ
ˣ
ϫָسϵһ£˽Ҳԭʢʮơ
һΣѴ
򣬿ɲϫķ
սһ
˶ܸܵյĽźͿɲѹֱֵ˴Ϊ֮ͣ͡
ȻĿޱȵĹͷ䶸

һҽУӼԶԵ֮ͻأһӾǻɫ䡣
ã͵Ϯ
㣡
ӵľ𣬾Ϳ̫Ͻ̡ԺЩˣܾƵģŭĴ׷
һƬңõöطɫĮ֮û뵽ȹؼʱ̣ᱻƻ˾ơ
ɾ˷̭ϫĻᣬмΪʣмֱŭ˼¡
䣡
ֻöطû뵽ǣһ̣ϫץסᣬһնɱ
ʱȻпһűֽһѷޱȵļиһĨʵ̫˼¡Ҳɱ׼˼¡
ͺһ£ɽӡγᱻһն޷â
Ľţʽ
Ƕ˳ϫؾ֮ǿһ
⧲֮£طʶ֣ʩչѾõ̫ڶҳ⡱
أ
ɲײѣɣݵĿɲϯܡ
һζԾ֮ԶһҶڸȥɲ˼¡
ŵŵţ
һΣطɫã˳ɫò
ʱȻ
Ǳȡǿ֪ٵġ⡱ȴǵûκγϫطˣ
֮ǰ˭ţ
ζţϫ֮ǰֵǰ㲻ãһս
˶С
طɫĮ˼£ӳϫƬ̣촽תȥ
ϫս𾪣ҪǣʱѸκβóϫ
ԭڣԶһأݣԽԽң
ˣϫδ׷Ŀͬһҡ
ֹˣʱ޵ߵĿ⣬Ҳһǣ
ҵԴͷһ̫Ͻ̵ͻȻ͵Ϯһ˲̭֡
͵Ϯ̫Ͻ̵ӵģȻҹһڵԺӣ
ֹǣŮ洹Ȼʯһ˾ҲϤִںԺЩӶԾ
ȷܻң
ҹǺ̫Ͻǻ꽻֣ȻںԺЩӽ֣ҵ˼¡
ʱϫҲЩ⣬ΪȻˣΪЩԺӡ
ʱ̣Ǻ̫ϽɱԵ̫Ѱˣ


1869 һ
һս֮ǰ޵ߵ񣬽ԶϫͶطһԾ
ʶҹһͻȻһԺ̭ʱ޵ŷӦȻѡ
źΪһдһڳϫͶط֮۷Ծʵ̫ϧ
𾪣޷󣬵ԺŮ洹һж̫Ͻ̺Ժͻ
ظжϳ£̫Ͻ̺Ժѳɥʧ˶Ըϫǵʱ
Ͼһ۵Ļѽʣ²ʱַȻһĻ̫Ͻ̺Ժ֮ǰռݵǳ߽⣬ҪٶԸϫǣҪȶԸŮ洹͵Ժ
֮ĵУΪһͻȻĻսþƳ׷仯
һУ޵߶޷Ԥϵġ

ϫ۾һУܿжϳơ
ৣ
ûгɣӰһʧԭأ뵽ȻʯߵӪУһԸЩԺˡ
ԭŮ洹һڿȻʯĴ£ԺЩѹƵÿҪˣɺطͳϫԾԮ֮󣬶ʱƣŮ洹һ˶൱
ʱϫҲսʱʱЩԺĪѹ
һ࣬ԺҹĴ£ҲǺ̫Ͻǻսüޱȡ
ԶԣµľУԺҪһУȱ仯һ޵߶סЩĿ࣬ԴЩʹˡ
ԭڣһսʵ̫˼ĵط
ͼɱǻꡢطһΧٵϫ
ӳϫ󣬶ԿǻꡢطǣٵŮ洹͵ԺԾ
ӳϫӭսطٵʱһս
һеսյ˼£Ҳ˷˼˼£̫಻Ԥϵıʡ
磬˭Ҳû뵽ϫڱ˵ĹԵ£Ȼܹͼɾߡ
ͬ˭Ҳû뵽ƾһ󣬾ܹóϫǼʱǻꡢطһʱҲδܵ֡
磬֮ǰԺŮ洹ڱͻڣȴĬ㣬һȥ̫Ͻ̣һȥԺ֮УһԳϫǵΣ
һУ˱˵Щ޵ߣսĳϫˣҲû뵽۵ȼĻʱ̣ᷢıʡ
ǲܣ
֮һսڼݣǣ޵ߵ
˶һսĻʱһ۵Ƚһ̡
֮Ȼ

һյʱ
ڳϫĹɱ£һԺ˱̭֡
֮ܰ쵽һҲΪȻʯǰϫֵסԶط˵Ĵ
أ
ĿһĻʱԪУɫѱѵĳ̲סзŭһѽǰĵ÷飬ľм
ô˵棬ʧ̬ģɼǺ֮ջˡ
̫ϽշҲĬԡ
ʵһҲǣһս֮ǰ̫Ͻ̺ԺֶԸϫʱȫռžƣƫƫأۼöãܹϫ˳̭ʱһսͻأرˣ״һУõǳʧȥơ
ֱʱԺһ˻ֱ̭֣óܹˡ
Ȼ޳
㷢һпӡշ˶Уǵɫ˲١

һ
ϵǣսеĵԺһڴУȴһ⧲֮£̫Ͻǻһ̭֡
һĻһʱõԭƾеľƣõԺ˴һС
սеĳϫע⵽һ㣬һӰһŮ洹Ӫ̫Ͻǻɱȥ
Σҹֻѱ̭֡
£ϫԲҹǵĴӶԹˡ
ϫַľٶŮ洹һԺԺ̫Ͻ̵ȴҲ⡣
ܿ죬ҹ׹ϫڱ¬˼ˣɫЩˡ
۵ȽеУͳϫ֮䲻ֹһεطͻ񣬼һˡԼ֪жྪš
̫Ͻ̡Ժһڴ˶ԣϫ˾ٲֹŭǰ򵥣ͷһźţ
õһ˲ͻɣǷԺѺɽŮ洹ڰнΪѡ
򣬵ԺΪλŮ洹Ƕ״ǶԸϫĲ
ֱ񣬳ϫҲԺβ˻֮Ĺϵ
ƣãܺã
ԪУշҲٰ಻סŭЦĿ˻ӡ
ȻҲʼһ۵УԺڰһɫ
а̾Ҫ֪ԼҲЩȻ޷ᷢһС
һ۵ϾҪˣʱҵԺҲϣȡŶϷһвʲôԵĵط
һѵֻҵԺжȡŶͲҵԺǺ޵
շӵѣӦ˵ʲô
۾ȴǲٶԡ
ȥʲôǷֱʮǵ޵߶Уйۡ
û뵽Сʦֶ˸߳ôһ㣬֮٣ȴаѵԺЩ˳װ̫ܵϽ̡ԺĶˡ
괫Цѣо͡
ţСʦûô࣬νͶұ֮ǰǱԺȣСʦԲ顣
㵭ȻʵҲϫ˾٣ȷνһãʶҲδĹ۵㡣

۷׷ףڵУһսڳš
˳ϫԮԺ˺̫Ͻ̴֮ĶԾٴγֳƾеľƣռһ˿Ϸ硣
һʱ֮ڣȴҲ޷̭Էˡ
һ࣬Ů洹˺Ժ֮ĶԾͬһ൱ľУ˭Ҳκβ˭
ʱһһţһڽĿע£֪һ۵Ļʱ䣬ѽʣ²ӣ
ʱս֮ңȴδӱ̭飬ԵüΪ˼顣
ϸһһȴ֮С
̫Ͻ£еˣԺˣԺеӰˣŮ洹ˣɽˡ
ɽԡͼɲδμս
ԺЩ࣬Գҹ¬֮⣬˵ս϶ԣҪԲһ
̫Ͻ̡Ժˣ٣ʵֵܹڵģһǿ֮ĴڣսУδֳʲô
Ů洹ӦۺսƽһΨȻʯҪԵͻһЩ
ʶȻսУ˳ϫ֮õԺ΢ռһ˿ƣҪ̭ԷˣȴѺѰ쵽
ͬŮ洹Ժ֮ĶԾҲˡ
ҲǷ־ڶʱںѱƣһ۵ȼĻһʱ̫ϽǻȻȳ
λһսٽȥѺ壬һͣΣ


1870 ˺
ǻ˵һ仰ʱǼΪʺͷŭġ
ԭܼ򵥣ԭһռݾƵսԭۼϫ˾Ҫ̭֣ƫƫȴһսõƾʧ˵͵Ϯʧȥһͬ顣
һǻ겻ŭˡ
ٲģٷŭڴʱľ£ǻҲֻˣΪԣսȥǺ塣
һΪ˭Ҳκβ˭
ҲΪһ۵Ļʱ䣬ѽʣһӣ
ʱУսѸ޷ıκξ档
ֹǻ꣬ʵһ̰طҹȻʯϫڵ˶ʶһ㡣
Լͬأѡֹͣս
ʵһ˵սȥһдȥƴĴۣҪԳõսˣΪ
Ͼֻǵһ۵ʱ˭Ҳľʹ˱̭֣Եڵڶ۵ˡ

սȻֹⷽԲ֮أȴǻΪ棬Ŀġ
ϦѪȾһĨ졣
̫Ͻǻһ˺͵Ժطһ»һ𣬲δ뿪ѡԭ
ͬϫŮ洹Ȼʯһ˻һǰ˼֮ǰ
һ̵ĵԺҹһˣԵЩ΢ǲδͳϫǻϣǶԴһС
ȻھάϵŵԺ̬ȣ̬ȣ˻š
Σʱûսȴɺܳơţ˴˶ھŶԷҳ׷ɡ
һĻʱһ޵һȻ޷ԭһޱȵĻսΪλݱ䵽һĻ
ܿ죬˵硣׷ڴһеԵɡ
ȻʱѾˣһ۵ȾͽĻսȥûκ塣
ǿڶ۵Ľ֮أ£˭Ҳװ׵
գ޵ߵóһʶֹ֮ͣսԵɡ
ԪС
û뵽û뵽
̫Ͻշ̾Ϣ͸һĨ޷εĲʺͷ
һĳ첻
˶޷
Ϊһ۵ȿʼ֮ǰǱȷĿ꣬ƶܵжƻһжΪ˳̭ϫ
Ȼ컯Ūˣ۵ȵһ죬ȴıʣõǹһܽܵˣ
ϫһڶ۵ȣôʱȡúεȳɼӵ˽ŵصʸ
һ㣬ǾԲԸ⿴ġ
ʶշ򣬻ǳӣһĻʱŻֵ֮ʺͷŭ
ۻŶĿŮ洹˴οǴӮңŶϲˡ
Ȼ㳯ףس
ĵУʮŶ̫ϽռԺռ嶦Ժռ嶦Ů洹ռɽռ
ԴۣŮ洹̫ϽһռһЩƣԺԺ֮ɽס
ҲԿСʦѶһŶ
꺬Ц֮ǰѿϫսУһԺ϶һŶŮ洹
õϣŲŮ洹
٩һ䣬õҲݸ
Ц̣ֱշͳӵɫ֮
ʵۼһ۵ȵĽ̫Ͻ̺ԺĳɼϧշͳӿصĲЩ
ӴʱҲǰһԺЩܹĴĶԿУأܹŶѾˡ
շͳӵķŭֱӱӡ
ӵѣٹƬ̣һ۵ȾͽĻ֪һ۵ȵʲô
ȻŤͷʴ
һ룬㲻Ȼһ۵Ļ󣬻ʮһεϢʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬ҵԺԺԳ棬һС
ԺԺԳ棡
ԣֹ㣬ڽԶһʼϲ
ЩԺϰϣƺûеõϢ˻ʱ¶֮ɫ
Уֻ±ʲôԭˣ
һ̣˶仰һ˿ͬѰζ

ζлˡ
ϫſȻʯˣ濪ڡ
ؿŮ洹ɽһֱ֦ͬҲȻ֮¡
ȻһЦ֡
ʯȴǵ˳ϫһۣһǿ̫ˣ۵ȽǷҳƲɡ
ϫȻ
ֳԶҹлˡ
ҹһҹͻֵ룬ֻΪ˶ȡŶ
ϫ˵ͷס
Щ̸Ȼûǻꡢط˸ɫԵЩÿ
ԺͼʱҲӰ˼߳ǣϫȴ̾˿
ڶ࣬ΨԼɽߣͽʣ͹ԡͼˣҺ߻ܲСƣóϫҲǸ˲
һеģɽʵã̫Ͻ̺Ժһı
ϫɲˣ֮ǰʱУһУ
һ뵽⣬ϫвһĨٿȻԶǻꡢطɨȥ
ôս
ǻü͸һĨ
Щ£Ǳ븶۵ģһ۵ȻĻˣڶ۵ʱҺڴǳսһ
ϫĬƬ̣ƽ
ϲȥвˣһΣҪ߶ԷϫһУ
ҪöԷװףظܵԼķŭ;ģڱʱŻöԷ£֣̿
ԣǻͶط˽ԶһԶŭЦĻˣԼ鷳ѾˣȻҿڳԣֱ޷ˣ
ãҵ㣡
ǻĻشԼ࣬͸ޱɭȻɱ
Թһ£ɲô׽⿪ǡһˣڴһ١
ǶطĻشԵøľȻ۵ȫĻֻҪϫҲһֱ׷ȥݣ
ЩÿȻʯԡͼǽԶü˵Щʲôȴϫֹ
עõġ
һվҪȥ
һ湻ģƢϲĺܡ
ԶҹһпУҲԳϫΪ͡
ˡ
Ϧ䣬ҹĻ٣ڴʱһĲзһȦȦصޱȡ
ͬʱĮȻٿȻ쳹֮䡪
һ۵ĻŶĵӣᱻŲƽҵԺġػžΪڶ۵׼δŶĵӣֱ̭֣Եڵڶ۵ȣ
䣬ϫȻŶĶʮӣԶǰһڣܿƵرһɴЮٿȻʧԭز
ЩδŶĵӣֵڣҲźر̭֡
һ۵ȣʹ˽ˣ
һĻʱ޵߼Զһ׷


1871 ʾ
ˡ
һɻɬĲϫһƬؾС
˵ؾ㣬ӯ죬أʮ־ף
ػž
ϫܹ֪ʱգɬ㣬Իޱȵĸоϸ֪ܲʱ֮ţ
ϫӵǳָоϤһ˲жϳӯʱ޵ӻˣ
ȶʮλ˵رҵԺʥءػžڴһ£൱һ֮ڵڶ۵ȿʼ֮ǰǿڴ˾ޣָ
ϵٴ
Ȼˡ
ϫˣһϥԺʼץʱС

һ۵ȳʱ䡣
ʱУһһƿĶԾ弫´߱սչֵ쾡¡
һУҲ޵ʶ弫Ĵ˵ȷʹǰǿǰ㾪˫
Ϊ۵ģϫԡطǻꡢȻʯҹȵȵӡ
źģɽڶĻϣӵнʶؾľұΧܣ̭֣ʵ޵겻ѡ
˿ջֳսԽڶ۵С
ϧʱ˲ãվȻ֡
֮ʱУ޵ĿһĶԾҲ֤һ弫еҫȻ˳
Ϊ˻𾪡졢ġȻ۵Ƚ£Ǿ͹ۿ£δŲƿԼĿ⡣
ʱ񣬵һ۵ĻŶʮλŶĴ˽롰ػžУһ޵Ҳظһ
һвδ
Ϊڶ۵ȣڲñĻ
ʱ򣬳ϫǻꡢطȻȵЩ֮䣬ֻᱬεȾĶԿ
˶ڴš
ϵǣڵڶ۵ȿʼ֮ǰȴһ˵Ĵ£

쿴ǣ
ǵԺϰӮص۾
ôˣ
ڵһ۵ȸĻûãʮе޵ǺȻע⵽ǵԺλõĲ֮ϣٿȻһӰ
Ӱͷɢȫһִĺɫ˲£Ե쳣ۡ
ϸȥǺȻǵԺĽϰӮص۾
һӣǻȻ𺧲ѣ⾿ô£
ʱ̣Ӯص۾㣬ʾڣ
Ҫô
һЩƲµʲô۾ԶаԸп˴εԺǶ
Ԫ
һĻʱҲһĿ˹ȥ
ϸ۲죬ͻᷢһ̵շͳɫ΢΢һ䣬Щɲ
ɫĮȻϵһĻֻû˿Ҳһ̾ӿһĨӡ
껥һۣԶ΢΢Щ죬һУӮص۾УԶһĨ
ǰй¶۵ȵĹӮأ
һƬɻȻУ֮Ȼһϣڤڤ
һ֣ʱʮе޵кݺһӿһĨ޷Ƶľη
һ˲䣬еĻȻҲ֮ȻֹһƬУΨһڤڤؼƮţֱġ
¡
ڼž
ڳ޵ȴþ޷ƽԭӮص۾й¶˱۵Ĺ
ֲᱻڲϣʾ£

ϣͽӮص۾̧ͷһɳ͸һĨİպͻںޡ
˿̵ɫ԰͸ͫ޹⣬Ļһ˿ڵ۾ӵеơ
ǵģ˲Ŀá
ãԹ
һڤϵٴ
ֻΣ˻ʱӮص۾ɫ͵һ䣬еԺԺĵһ
͸ޱȵľ֡
һ̣޵𺧣û뵽Ϊй¶۵ȵĹأҪһλ۾
û뵽ǣ֮ǰ˵ģȻǵԺԺ
һλԺɽ֮Ů洹̫ϽԺԺϴڣ
ܹԺԺԳ棬ʹ֪Ϊ˺۵ȵĹƽԺ˴˺εȴľġ
ﲻġ
һƬУԺԺٴ𣬰ϣٿȻӿֳһҝ׵硣
׵翴ƽ棬ȴӮص۾ɫ䣬һЪ˹Ĵ𣺡
䣡
һ̣׵£Ӯص۾˶ʱɱɵɢΪޣһ˿Ŀܡ
ȫȻһλ۾ʧԼǰǵô޵ҲĲѣ׹ߡ
ԪУڵеԺϰϣĿһĻʱҲסɫ΢䣬о
ǵģ˭Ҳû뵽ԺԺĳͷĨȥӮص۾Ϊۡ
ǵ۾ڣһΪ弫֮һԺĽϰϣֹǿҵλҲǳޱȣ֮Ще峤Ѷá
񣬾ʹˣ
һʱ֮䣬һƬྲѻȸԶԺԺѪ𺳡
պĵڶ۵ճУΥ֮·Ͳֻ³ˡ
ԺԺ𣬼һѣһ־档
ֻʹһԺϣˣɽڴ˴۵УӺҵģ
أ㳤ڣٿȻ֮⣬֮ص
շͳɫ䣬ŮѵҪ׷ȥ
ӵҲһ⣬š
ʮУ˻޵ǳԾѣԵԺԺɽĴ˻˵ȷ̫⡣
λСѴɷģ۵ĻһԸɽŮ洹һ
˵仰ԺԺ㳹׳ȥ
ˣɲʣȴҲֻˣаҲã޷ôʦλʦ⣬ֻҲʹ˰ˡ
ˣշͳӽԶ˿긦ǿ浣ʱ̣ԺԺһζ׷ȥǿɶ̫Ͻ̡ԺԶܲ
һʾʹĻɴڳ޵ߵĳȴһʱ޷ƽ
޵ףԭڵһ۵УɽһѾõı
ۺ֮ǰķڵеһĻĻ֪һıʹߣȻ̫Ͻ̺Ժ
òߣȴ˸ҶԣǻдҲԿ̫Ͻ̺ԺϹеǺ졣
֪ȥ
ڡػžо޵ĳϫǶʮλ˶ԣȴѾȥʱ䡣

һ죬һׯϵĵ쳹أ޵߽Զ̸ֹͣ¶һĨڴ
ڶ۵ȣҪڽĻˣ


1872 ۵ع
Ʈؼ䡣
Ժ
С
δʱоһ󲨶ֳһӰȻǳϫȶʮڶ۵ȵĵӡ
룬ɫٶЩƻδӾгѹ
ԣŹȥʱ䣬ɶڡػžо޵Ƕʮ˶ԣȴѹȥ¡
ֻչֳϢ֪һʱľУѾָ۷״̬
˵Ĺԡͼɶˣ˿Ҳǻָ
Ҫʼˣ
̫ϽˣԺˣԺˣŮ洹ˣɽˣҲ֪ڶ۵ȣһֱȷˡ
ĿԴС
ϯϣһ˷еĴ۷׷ס
ţǡ
ܿ죬ע⵽УٴγӰһӵΪϢǿۼƣǽԶȻڳϫǡ
ˣѡγλӣˣ˴۵ȿʼǰһǵ弫֮ĶԾյĶʮ
ڶϵͳµӵĶԾյ
Ȼ˱ӱڶ۵ȵӡ
ô˵ҲҪһ뵽ڶ۵ȣ
϶ˡ
ǿУ컯ɽ񾳵һ̫룬񹬵˺ǷʥϡһҲ޲ǿ֮Ĵڡ
˵ǷڽʱһƷۼֻ˷ŷµġһΪԲСˡ
ϯ۷׷ףܿ춼ϳλ˵
ʱϫͬҲע⵽ˣֻ˵ķӦƽ
ֻƳ˶ԷһۣջĿ⡣
ҲΪ弫ĴˣĸǾ֮ԶӵиԵĽƢԲ˶Сˡ
˵ǴУǸûλ߷ϡ
ϣ
ΨϫеķʱЩȻһӦϵ£вЩ
çŻеġǰԷѹڵġơõóϫģмѡ
ʱֻһǾóϫʮǰһˣҪͳϫԾһ
Ϊܶ鵢飬õóϫԼڴʱϣϫȻҲЩⲻȥ
ϫѡ
һǰ񾲴ݣžϫʱ˫ֺʮ˴ܹҲһԵСɮڴڴ˴۵ϣܹ͵дһ
֮ǣǰԼˣǴ˴д裬ҲһԵ
Ҳá
ϫЦЦѰԾ۵ĻٸʥϺúġ
ʮλڿʼҽڶ۵ȵĹ򡣡
ȻӵӰڹԪǰڣϵأ˲ڳ˵ע⡣
ڶ۵ȣعأһأʮһһԾѡγʮ˽
ڶأһӲؽжԾֱӽʮһһԾѡγˡ
أѡγİ˷飬һһԾѡγˡ
Ĺأл˽
أս˴۵ȵĵһ
Լ࣬ڶ۵ȵ³˵һ顣
һ£ڳ޵߲ڸȷڶ۵ȣȻһһĶԿ
⣬ҲΪڴġ
ΪֻһһĶԿѳϫǻꡢطоֳߵʤ
ֻΨһ޵ɻǣǵڶضԱУΪλһӲؽжԾ˳һضԾ
ƿڳ˵˼ڻûڶ۵ȵľʱӱ˴𰸡
λغܺ棬ڶؿ˳ĵ˭ֱԸλɽģ
Ӵ˻һȻΪΣ
ʱڹԪеҲ΢΢һЩ⡣
ƾʲôƾʲôɽӣˣⲻƽ
һԺӽסʳӡǧ
ԺҲͲѣԶܲá
ƾʲô
ɫĮȻڵһ۵УһЩ⣬ɽӲƽһֲ
˻һʱǧɫһͣû뵽Ժóһ
ǣһ۵߶ԣԵòƽˣΪʲôǵԺµĴҪе
ǧһ
ȻԶû뵽ڶ۵ȻûʼͲһʡ
ǱŵģӮѾˣЩ£ѲȥЩС۵ȽʱǿԺúġ
ڴʱԺԺǳϵٿȻ쳹УȫΪ֮һ
ǧɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ЩʲôȴطֹˣĪҪִȥ
ˣϫȴһЦɲϡһͲüȥ
ϧҲ£˭谭۵˳ȥ
飬ڱ㿪ʼڶ۵ȵĵһضԾ
ӳڣʮóõŶ
£׷óŶ
ʮŶÿһӵһֶصܹһŶһϵ
ӳǸԵĶ֣㽫һϵе
ϫֱ˿̲׹ԭŶ㹦Ч˵ǻŶʱǱ˴˵Ķ־עˣ
ţʵϡ
ֹǳϫǣϯϵЩ޵ǣҲ޲̾ѣţȷǷ˼ϸһ룬һ֤˴˴۵ȵĹƽԡ
ϾЩŶЩӴӵлãżȻԣܻᱻǰźˡ

һӣһȭͷСӨ͸ɢŹϺϢͭ︡ڰС
ͭȻǴԵԺԺֵ֮Ļĸ
֮ǰġ硱Ҳɴ˱ܻ
ˡˡ
ĸһ֣ʱһĲϫʮȫС
һ̣ڳ˶ϫеŶڴ˿̽Զ籡һȻ磬ٿȻڿա
һ磬ڰкһ繵ͨ˴˺ӦԵú졣
ͨһĻҲõó޵߽ԶϳˣʮӸԵĶ֡
һ̣ϫҲȷԼĶ֣ȻԺӡӹĽ
ǶŶͷų磬˿ͨӦһ𣬸ȷϡ
Ǻǣˣϫǵõʱҿ˵ڴڴʱһʤģ
ʱ򣬹ĽҲ˳ϫǲһĨȻȡ


1873 ս
ڹĽƣֱӾͱϫˣǿԷǸúͶԷϻ
Ľˣ΢΢һУƱϫ̬ȼŭȻһЦͬٶԡ
ʱֹǳϫڶ۵ĵӣҲȷԼĶ֡
̫ϽǻŮ洹ۡ
Ժط
Ů洹Ȼ̫ϽĲ׺
ɽԶԺذϴ
ɽͼɶ̫ϽѪӡ
ԺҹŮ洹˫
Ů洹ʯԺФԶ

һһֲ˼ٶɢ
ûãֹǹϯϵһڴʮе޵ߣҲڶ۵һصĶ
һӣȫǺ䶯ڵ
ȻһһĶԾ
սʣͺ֪ǻͶطˣ˭һЩ
ҵǺڴȻս绪ףڳ֮УĸŮܹ֮ȼ磿
ߣҿڶ۵ȣйسϫսֵڴġ
λĪҪļڶ۵ȿǷعأŸտʼѡ
зڣ޲ǵһضԵû֮
ȳڵһ۵ȣԸ֣Ҳڴ
ԭڣ޵߿һһսܿһӵеʵ
ټڶ۵еʮˣϹǿ۷ˮ׼ѡһԳƵǿ콾Ĵڡ
񣬷Щ֮ĶԾĿܲڴˣ
ŵ˵һ۵ȣԿ˸ǰδУʷӰ

ڵУٴһΪ֮һࡣ
ԪǰһӣϷٿȻֳһɷΧĹ̨
̨޴ޱȣֱͬһƯŵĴ½ͨ尵ɫӡŷܻɬĵƣͷųһļµĿɲ
һ˲䣬ڳ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ˡսҵԺԺԿ٣ǵ٣Ҳ޷˵أ۵ʼʱĻὫսзһУʮ޵С
ڣһ۵ʼ
ӳڣڶ۵ȿʼ
һϫĽ
ϵ˷ȫĿԶ۽˳ϫǹĽϡ
δ£ϫ͹Ľգսϡ
ϫһҪˣ
ϯϣȻӯӯһգգضսڴޱȡ
Աߵ޺ۡ𾣡ˮ˽ԶЩЦû뵽Ȼӡ
ǱᣬǰЩ⹫ĽһϣҪǿҰԺУʱгϫڡ
Ȼһȣæͣѵϵһг
ô˵ϫ⹫ĽҲ϶ˣ
޺۵Ȼ
Ҳɡ
Ȼڵ
⹫ĽɲС
Ȼһ֮Զڣ˶ʱһݣɫ档
ҲĽΪԺӡӣʵȻӹɵǿᣬȲöطǧ𣬿ҲԲ˶١
һһսСʦǲɵκˣ
ԪУɫݣԳϫġ
ʦսףͨһսҲԿϫжˡ
ط磬ɨ̨ϣ˼
ֹЩδʼԾǻꡢȻҹˣҲڹעһԾ
ǶԣϫһֱԵЩĪ⣬һսʼ֮ǶԳϫʵһΪ
ˣ
ʱʮϿգĻ羵Ӱ㽫սϵһӳֵ
еĿ⣬ˢˢ˳ϫ͹Ľϡ
ԾʼǰǻۣǵڣǶʱ񣬹עصȫ˳ϫ͹Ľϡ
ǹĽԺѧʮˮս֮ǿֻȶطԲһ˿ͳϫһս¹˭֣˵ˡ
ϫɽˣˣ֮ǰڵʱطʩչ̫飬Ҳûκ
һս̫ҴңУǿһιĽϫҲ֮ˡ
˶̲ס˷ۣΪ²͸˳ڴ

սС
ϫ͹Ľңңš
Ѳǵһμ棬˻ǵһͶԷжԾĻᡣ
һ̵ĹĽԵúΪͬտȻɢһˮ⡣
߼٣ȻȺ
û뵽һﾹҲǸ֡
ϫ˼
ͬʱĽҲڴϫǰ忡ӣʹȻɾͨ͸ƵȻѰƽƽ棬ϫ򵥡
෴ڹĽϫԱΪһӵĴУ
Ѵע⣬һսȫԸþֶΣҲҪѹԷˣ
ϴذʦ֮ܽұһֱϣһսˣһƣ㾿жͣ
ϣ
˵ʱĽиֳһˮתͷųӨӨԵĽһ֣ӿһɿɲ嫰صϢȻһǿ֮鱦
ҵͣûл
ȻƽУϫسңңָĹĽ
ߣ
Ľһߣٷϻһ̤ʱգȻתϯˮˣƵǵذ㱼ڶ
ʱ֮䣬սУ类ǣÿһ˻񲻿Ľ
ԶԶȥһؽΣӿڶ
ˮʮ֮
˾û뵽Ľһ֣
ˮʮأѰ֮޷ùʦܶʮ֮ϵҲδСϫֻǲϫܵסˡ
ΪԺӡӣطԴޱȣĿһĻʱͷԹĽʾ͡
ৣ
ڹĽһɲǣϫҲͬʱ֣ԭ˿Ψеسһ赭дһ
һĨɱ
ƽƽһ˿̻
һȴʱգն˾γǵضϽˣֽ㱻˺ѿٿȻɢ
ԶԶȥͷһĨУݺݻһ鲼âֱָĽȥ
ǿ
ڳ޵ľϫһ߱ȴݿƣȽָǿᵽ˺εȵز
Ľͬɫ΢΢һ䡣
䣡
Ҵ⣬ٽӲһԱɲϯ˷ֵסһȴѪڣӰһζĵˣ
ùĽɫһӱޱȣԼЩ͹ϫˡ
ĿһĻڳҲͷ𶯣˭Ҳû뵽տսĵһν棬ڵĹĽбѹƵļ


1874 ֮Լ
ôܣ
һɲĽоɲ
ǰĿ˳ϫذϴ֮սʱԼ֣Ҳһϵİսϫѹ
񣬲ŹȥʱѣϫսƷ̥ǵı仯㣬޷ǳ
ֱʱ棬Էһ֮УƵԼɱУùĽЩš
Ȼڵһ۵ʱҲϫͶطһ棬ɵʱǶ˽ֻΣδֳʤùĽʶΪ³ϫбǿˣҲǿ󲻵
ƶȻˣ
Ҳֻˣ֮ڣעذɡ
ϫȻڣδ׷
ⷬԴԵúƽ˵һѰС£˶УȴԵÿޱȡ
˶࣬ϫǿţ˵˴󻰡
Ǵ˻붫طУõɫȻһĻˣ
ڵһ۵һʱںͳϫʱ˵ͬĻϧȴΪһͻأĻսõһȻֹ
ϫԼʦܹĽ˵ͬĻطĻϫǲƣ
ţ
ʵ̫ţ
ΪˣĽ˻ʱ̼öʱŭĿɱֱҪɱ˰㡣
ɱ
ŭĹĽһ磬շ⣬ʢĿ
¡
ֳ񽣣һƬ嫺Ľâͷϫɱ£顣
һ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳڳϫͷһƬ֮󸲸ǶҪû
̫ˣ
һʱϣ޹⣬Ⱥǰһڽ⴦˵޼᲻ݣɱ˫
ǴĽùϯϲ޵ɫ䣬Ѫѣ֮
ˮʮأطⱬޱȡ
âͷϫɫԾû˿仯س󣬷磬Լ򵥵һСʽƶ
¡¡
ƬؾҺ𣬾춯أһɹڼսû
粻޵߶úΪ֮һϣ㽻磬֪ҪɶɲĻˡ
أ
һƬУĽӰɶе˳ٶɾ룬ſӰ
ɫһһףĿѣ֮ɫ
˻Ȼ
Ľһûκγϫٴα
һѹʣУ䣬ܱһЩ棬ִԲ򣬿ǻԺ泹׶⣬㣬뿪ⶪۣΪЦ
һΣϫͬû׷ֻǿŹĽ赭дڣȰԷ䣬ʵԴоǷ̺ڿζ
˽ԶȻ˭뵽ϫ͵Ȼ˵Ȼ
ԡͼɡȻ޺ǣҲЩȻϫһֵ̱ǿơ
طһԺ˽Զɫһϫ̬ȼŭ
ɶ񡪡
Ľһŭ𣬼ء
Ŀ֮£ϫһٵػˣֱڿ࣬ùĽܵһĪĳ裬ŭ۾Ѫ
䣡
ŭΣԣĽȼյǣٴγϫɱ
һδʩչɫ䣬ʱң󲻿ظİ
ܹʮؾ޴Ľľˣһ𣬻ڹĽ֮ϣƼֱʢ˼¡
ˮʮ֮
ԿǹĽ۵һʩչǿһɵ֮ʢ궯
ɶһϫԵôɫʼնδһ˿仯
ৣ
ٴնӡȻһִɲԣϣζ
һ֮£Ľһйѩˮֱɢ
һô͵һѪܿƵٴεɳȥݺݵǧ֮⣬ɫɷһƬ
ĿһУȫһƬѻȸ
ϫ̫ǿˣ
ǿò˼飬Ľ£ǹĽֱͬһ㣬ȫʼϲ
Ҫ֪ǹĽԺӡӣӵоܣ֮ͬмѷ֣
˭뵽һҫޱȵ˿ֵ̾˲
ϸԣʵǹĽǳϫ̫ǿˣȫͲһεĴڡ
ڶˣ㻹һλᣬӦ׺֮Ĳ࣬˵ݺҲΪ㡭Ҫȥ
ϫȻŹĽУһ˿ڲһʵ
ֻеԴǣ޵߶УȴԵüΪţһ
õöطԺӶ̼ŭǣɫ
һֱ̫ˣ
һ̣ԪйעһսĳҲ㰴಻סŭɫĿ¡
ԺӡӣȴΪ˳ϫеġݡóβŭ
ȴȻѣȴǰԸпҲû뵽ԼλСʦ徹ǿưԵһ档
ϫԽԽ泩˵ɽ˵һ磬Դʱ˵ǿƺͰԵǾʹ򣬴Ϊֹ
ҡҪɱ㣡
ĽѪ뷢ŭţ˼Ѿܶûܴˡ
ûУ
һ̵ĹĽ񱩵˼£绯ħ㣬񽣶Ƴܲסɷŭ
ã
طпһͻȻʶʲôϫһǹΪ˼ŭʦܣò롭
䣡
ȶطӦǹĽǷŭееĽȫڽһ㣬ƽеâԶɵ
ƬʱݣȻܷɢΪһƬ
ɱɱɱ
һ˲䣬ƻΪֳʬɽѪսħźȿɲ󣬲֮
һ֮ʢԶս޵߶ݡ
һ
ϫ̧Ƥͫо˵ķâŷ
һ̣һɼȿɲĽسкӿʱգֱ⡣
һ̣һڳϫѣҪն¾£
¡
һĨư׺գ˲Ϣ֮ͺ͹ĽһӲһ
һ̣սкӿһ춯صľ죬Ǭңʢţ
սֻĿ࣬ҡҷ

һҽëȻ
źȻĽԡѪݺݵڵأŤһ𣬻ԲڳһĪʹ
һȻǳϫӮˣ
ˡûаܡ
ϵǣһ̵ĹĽͬħһ㣬һ𣬿͵˫ֱͷҽгҵ꣡ʹϫúݵֶΣ
һ̣һȻֱֹͦͦأǻʹĥʹȥ
һ˲䣬ȫ˶


1875 ݱ
֮ԼԹĽܱ
һĻйս߽ԶϾĽɲߣ෴ԺλеӡӣеĶ۷̳
ƫƫһλӿܣ֮ھͳװ˳ϫУɵ֮ҲͿ֪
ϫδҲ̫ǿˣ
λûУǹĽ⵽شԺҪ޸ֻ¾Ͳô׵ġ
ǶԾⷢһЩ⣬ֻҪ˾ˡ
ϫ͹ĽһսսʮϿһƬȻ𾪡ϧһڵ۾ﶼ棬оϫӷͬѰز¶
ӮˣҾ֪һ԰쵽
Ȼһݹ
һֱǸ˿ǳˣҲ֪˴۵У˭ܱȳʹȫˡ
޺ۡ𾣡ˮҲϫĿдһĨɵԺ
УǻꡢطȻʯҹʮ۵ĵĿһУҲǸ˼вԼͬѳϫΪһԴĶ֡
ৣ
ϫ̨˹ԡͼߡ
ܹܵܵĸĿ⣬ȴùעɫʼնδһ˿仯
ǰʱһٽĽ£֮ɽԪչ꣬ΪΪ硢ڽΪԶɱ䣬ۺս׷һ츲صı仯ѷɱȡ
£ԸһĽڻ£Բʲôпˡ
úֶΣ
Ȼһ𣬲֪ʱ˹Ԫǰɫ࣬ףأ̺ŭ⣬Ӷó
һ˲䣬лȻʧ٣üžҲ֮ѹ֣Ŀⶼ˱ŭеĳӣľѡ
۵дѣȴ˶ֶҵԺӵ꣬ϫ㡭Ǻξģ
ɴʱŭȴӿɢ֮ϢأԶԶһһִĿ̫޾ѹ
˲ĸش֮Ҫ޸ΪףպвӰ죬Ҳֳӻ˷ŭ
޵ип
ôԺ䲻𣿡
ϫȻ̧ͷϳӵĿ⣬Դƽ
㣡
ŭֱ޲һƽǰɶС
ɾڴʱƮȻ֣Ȼӣ۵ȣԵ۵Ƚдһ
Ŀ絶㣬ɫ粻
λϢŭ۵зһУԶҵԺԺĹע£λĪҪ˶۵̡
һԵĻӳ
һ仰óһݣһߣתص˹ԪС
ˣϫ˵ͷҲ뿪
Сܿ͹ȥ
ûٵ飬ӵڶ۵̫ϽǻŮ洹ۣ
ʱ֮䣬ȫע˹ȥ

ǻ̫Ͻ̳Ѿõ񾳾ǿߣǰӵšһĳƺš
д˵Ϊ˴˴νŵأΪѿһٿ۾Уд˱ƶϳսε֮ǿ
ʶһ۵ϣǻǴ޵ΪעĽ֮һ
϶ԣŮ洹۵Ժգܹڶ۵ȣȻҲѰˡ
˴ĶֱϾǻʶһԾս߲ۡ
˳ԾǣһԾʼ֮۾Ǳսǻɱü֮ѽѷ֡
ʵ벻дҲ۵ӡ
ȻɰǻУ˶һս£ΪϹ֪
ǻҲʵδɱС
һпеĳϫҲһĨȻЩ͸ǻǳ
ǻȻ紫ǰǿ󣡡
ҿǻǼпܶô˴۵ȵĵһ
һԾĻͬȻ޵߶ǻıֶ֮ʡ

Ժط
ͬһ޵ڴõսΪԺӡӶط
Ķ֣Ϊ
Ѳ׸֮һսð˸ݡɴ䣬ʷ׳ʣ
һյʱ䣬ѷֳʤ
ܡ

ĳŮ洹Ȼ̫ϽĲ׺
һսҪ죬Ӹһս̬绪ĿȻ绯һŮսսСݿ࣬Էһ˿Ϣʱ䡣
ڲʮغʱĲ׺ͱһɳս
һսҲʮǷڲѣȻһӵи绪Ůӣӵ˿޵սȻܵĹע̶ҪһЩ

峡ɽԶԺذϴ
գذϴܡ
һսҲ֤һһ£ŻȻѷɫǻꡢطȻս
ڵ֮ˣ㱻̭ȫǱԶٵԵʡ

ɽͼɶ̫ϽѪӡ
һսϫҲ⣬Ϊ֪УͼɵսԽԷܡ
ɽȴͼһ֮Ѫӳû룬һٴܣ
ѪҲǸز¶Ľɫ֮ǰ̫עǻ̫꣬Ͻˡ
ϫһ̾Ҳ̸϶ʧ䣬ͼܣѻһŶԽŵС
ʦ棬ҡ
ͼƲ֣ա
طϡ
ϫοͼһ䣬Ѫսף㡣
ʱ϶ǿ󣬲ζų裬Ϊֻǿ߶Ծ˸̵֪ڡ

߳ԺҹŮ洹˫
һ
ҹȡʤ
һսĿģҹʩչġҹ֮СУҹʧ֪µϾѧӵСۻʼ޷˹
ǡۻʼ֮ѵãǾƷۼϵ¶һݵĴڣҲΪΡҹ֮СⲿϹʧõĸԭ
ʶһʧľѧҹʱŻȫ˶С
Ϊζţҹڽʱһۻʼӵŵۻʼ񾳵Ǳܣ
һĻʱϫһЩţΪû뵽ϻֵڶۻʼˣ
ô£
ϫǵãܶ˶˵ҹһƷۼȻһӳΪһۻʼ
Ǵһۻʼ
һжŰ㣬óϫҲЩɲףԼСҹ
һ￴Ѳʵز¶
ԭŹȻģһϸԪĵۻʼҹõˡ
ҹս֮ǻȻɫдһ˿ɭȻζ


1876 
ϸԪĵۻʼ
ϫһУ˼
ǰ˵Ҳ
ǻ˵ǣҹֻЦЦ͡
óϫʶһ飬һοɲֹԼһЩֶΣ˺γҲˣ
ȷϣǻꡢȻطˣֻҲ׼һЩѹ׵ֶΣ
ڽĶԾУǲٿˡ
ϫ

۵С
ڰ˳Ů洹ʯԺФԶ
ϫ֪ʯתޣǰ̫ʱպһλһֱ׷Ů洹С
ʯչأѳ׻ָǰ䣬սַ˺εȾ˵ɱ䣿
ܿ죬Ǿ˴𰸡
һսʼ֮ǵԺФԶ㶯ȫʩչɱﵣٲȻһʯΪͷŴеģ
źǣʮУͲҰʯУأʯҲӮòѴ֮
һпĪĿɿڴ𾪲ѣʶŮ洹˿Ȼ֮⣬һλǿ
ϫʯĿ࿴ипѣԼǿˣʯγҲ˷츲صı仯

ھųԺǧ컯ɽ̫롣
̫ܡ
ʮԺ¬ʥϡ
¬ܡ
ʮһ̫Ͻӡ
ܡ
ʮ

һһԾݣҲǱԽԽ𱬣Ȼ˷𣬷֮
ڽЩԾУĿģǧҲʥϣǽ񵺵ӣ
Ǳãٷ磬һϮ£̤ѥͷ˫ڣеһλʳð㣬棬׿Ⱥ
ʥϡ̫롢һԶԵϵͳУ󣬵ȴԶԶ޷ǻꡢط
Ȼ̫ϽԾʱŷ֣սǱȴҪǿ̫࣡
Ƭʱ䣬ݿ㣬һѹһļơ
ֻѰҲˣ˶Ϊ̫Ͻ̴ˣս֮ǿĿõġ
ȴƬ֮䣬аܵһͿβ𾪣
Ӻ±ǿˣ
޵۷׷ס
һֱ̾ڶǺ֮УϢֻǵãǧǰӵΪȴһȷΪһμ̳ߣ£ű֪֡
񵺿һϵͳƾޱȣеȷһڵΪһεδ̫˼ˡ
ǰҲ̫ͻأӲһٳֻû뵽ս˵á
ǳ֮˱зǳ֮£ԵҲӵд˵Ŀš
һ̣ӡ㡢ꡢշ򡢳ӵȴǣҲʼӡ
Ⱦ磬һۿչֳֶΣǻȻڳϫǻꡢطȻκһˣ
ȤֶһǿĶ֡
ǻ괽ǷһĨζĻȡ
ӣһƥɱĺô
ط
һ̣ȻҹʯҲΪӵĺɱ˼
һ͸ǳļһȻǵ弫еɺѵá
ϫҲ˼
ΣӾһսȫҰһȻ󲨣˸Һ
ڴˣӱֵúƽս󣬾ͶУĿ˲뷨

ֹһʱڶ۵ȵһضԾ
Դˣʮڳ¯
ֱǡ
ɽϫԡ
̫Ͻ̣ǻꡢѪӡ塣
Ժطǧ
Ժҹ
Ů洹Ȼʯޥ
ڣʥϡ
񵺣ӡ
Ͽ弫ռʮ˴˲١
ϵͳռ̭Զԣܹӵ弫оȡѾܲס
УΪҫ۵ȻǳϫǻꡢطȻҹǣһսҫ۾ȫ˶ֲǾӡ
֮⣬ԡʯǧѪӡʥϵҲ෽עܹȡս֮С
Ψǽ񵺵ӣһƥ㣬չ¶âճӡ̡
ʮλܵĴˣԵһضԾ
ò˵һźЩͬÿһеľȴһȻ˳ڳϧ֮࣬ҲΪܹ֮˵𺳡
Ҫ֪ﵽȲΣΪ߾磬˴֮Ĳ༰֮СԺԲơ
ʮ˻ǰˣ֤ͬȾеĶ۷У˴֮ҲǿһŶۡ

һ̵ʮУޱȣ۸ոĻĵһعضԾԵδ
ģڴ
ΪڶعصʮѾѡγһͽչһµĽ

ڵڶعضԾǰԤʱʱ䡣
һʱУϫԲɵɽֱܹӽ˹ԡ
֮ƾѲؽжԱȣԽ뵽عصĶԾС
ǵԺɽĲɵԺԺİȥɡ
ԳϫԣͼѾȻ˳۵ȣɲڶعص۵з⡣
ϾһĶǻꡢطȻҹȽɫʤʵ˵ˡ
ϫ˹ԡ
ڳϫԼǲ̫ڵڶعصĶԾʧˡ
ʱ
ڿʼеڶعص۵֮ǰԳǩʽǵĶ֡
Ԫǰӳڡ
˵ʱһѶһյͭŵƣоӨӨ⣬ʥിϢ
˵ʮƣÿһƽ̺֮һһ˴Ƕ޷ŵаġ
ڽһóϫʮǰһһѡȡһ棬˿С

һ˲䣬һɫһĻ棬ƾոڳϫͷȻϣ£ɫǡÿһɫ
ϫԼͷɫĿһɨȻͿԼĶ̫Ͻ̵Ѫӣ
ɫ棬ͬҲζǶ˽Ծ
Ƕˣ˵ĶִʱҲѷֳ
̫Ͻǻ꣬Ů洹ޥ
ԺطŮ洹ʯ
Ů洹ȻԺǧ
Ժҹ̫Ͻ̷塣
ԺԺ
ʥϣӡ
һԾʱʱֲһȻ
ȶԾݼֱƺÿһӵе֮ˣ˭֮£һԶԽһ𣬿֪ײεȾս
޷жϣڽĶԾУλܹӱ
Ͼÿһ֮ǿûԾ֮ǰ˭Ҳˡ
ԽԽڴô


1877 ׷׳
ǩѾ²˳٣ھͿʼ۵ɡ
ӿڣۻϣ쳹أһǻޥ
ৣৣ
ͬʱǻޥӰսС
һԾֻ»ǻҪռơ
ɲãޥŮ洹ǿȻֻЩǳȻǰעĿսӹɵǿ󡣡
ˣǻδֶΣˣǺųƵһ˿ɱȼ磡
ȷǻ˵ȷܿɲ޷ǳ
ǺӺޥ˳սУԶסһע˹ȥ
˲Ǹޥ
ϫҲڹעսΪԼһ̫Ͻ̵ѪӶԾʶдʱȥ˵ʵ
һѵõĻᣬͨһԾ˵ʵһһ֪
ܿ죬ս
ϫʱٶ룬۾ϸս

һԾͬʱɽ֮ߣѩȻһ˶֮ǰǷһĨζĻȡ
Ȼ̣̫Ͻ̻濴ɽϧǧ㣬ҲֲһĽ档
ѩ䣬ܹžʮصİأԵޱȡ
Ȼĳ˴ʦ壬ʱˣҴڱǰԺһˡ
ѾֳüĿˣ
ɽ˴ʦǲϵ
ݲǵڶ۵ڽУò̫ã㽫Ļ
ѩ˵
·Сģֻ²ֹ㣬Щ϶ֻҲѿʼǰԺˡ
˴ʦѵ
ףǽ̫ϽٴĵӣҲȻʱҶˣԸЩӽŵء
ѩЦЦ޶ٹǡ
ǵôϾ֡
˴ʦ
׼׵ˣʦ壬ȸˣҲʱɵշЩСһ
ȥɣȥɡ

ʧˣ
̫Ͻ̣̫죬ռУٿȻƮһϵ
ƻʱһ
һϮ£ƣ̫ϽʥɱĴɳƳ
ˣǳϫǸСһ
û˼̫ϽٿȻͼĪ⣬ƾ̣ȷ޷κ
ʥлǵŵؼڴˣǳϫӵʵ͹ˡ
Ŷ
̫ϽȻ̾׵ǱΪ̵ʦܣ˵СһӦһŶԣϧվǰԵʦѲǵʦܣСһҲѳΪеһöӣˡ
кݺһû뵽ϫһˣǸʥ֮ǰһ㶼
ˣ鷢㷢ɽܹŵأҪıԵҲô׵顣
̫ϽһתĮӣš֮ߡǰԺƶϣöãһ۵ͽĻˡ

ǻǵطһĨ
סҪɽִ
Ҫ뿪֮ʣ̫ϽȻٴӻһƤײس鴤һ¡
գ̾ϢĦʦѩУʦֵģ޷пɲᰲˡ
Ϊ˻ŵһԵޱһţף
̫ϽһԵüΪ鵭Į
ӳĬãӦʡ

ϫһСһѣȻһ壬ɽûκ׼ǰϣСһϡ
Ժ
һƽˮһ˿鲻𣬲죬һֶصɣֱġ
ڤһĬ
ڤһλԺϹŶһλԺͣ
νͣһڽͳ֮ϵĳƺţǵϹŶ޷δְλ
̫Ͻ̵ʥһһֵλȨ
ƥ湻ģĨɱһλ۾ǵԺ̬ȣھԺ̫Ͻ̣ɽŮ洹Ǹ⣿
һƽˮٴѴһĨڽζ
ԺֻˣǵԺκηС
ڤ룬
Σ˴жվʧˣһҲֻڻŵзֳʤˡڤšγͼڱǰԺɡ

ڤ˵ͷתȥ

ǣһȫһעڻŵзֳߵ
Ů洹ɫ磬һׯ񾲵ѩᣬʯڱԳˡ
ѵȺѩȻһֻ׺ƮȻȥ

䣡
սУһ죬ضΪ֮һ
䡣
ޥڹս޵ȻѣΪһԾޥһֱǻѹƣɲδ¶κһ˿˵ļ
ΪҪ䣿
еĿⶼŲƹȥֻޥɫݡƽûκηϻת뿪ս
ˣǻҲüҡͷת뿪
ڶعصһԱȣ;ֹ粻޵߽ԶЩֲ
һֱעսĳϫȴǰͷѿսȥޥҪܣΪѶȫǻȴǲࡣ
ȻֲಢΪϣʶѱһۿǳϫһֱעţҲȻһˡ
СԲʱգɾͱ֮ϡ
ԪУ㺱һ䡣
ҲôΪվǲǻһҲû취顣
ЦЦδޥ䡣
ڶطʯ
ܿ죬ӱڶԾʼó±÷
ط
ʯ
һǶеĶ֮ĶԾֻײεȾľ棿
ϫĿҲһӱȥʯѣȻϣʯȡʤ
¡
ûκηϻӶطʯ̤սһɲǣһԾѱǰͻȻսͺذξףԵ쳣֮ġ
һսҲʼ֮
ɱһ𣬸Զ񱦣ֱɱغڡ޹⣬ų緵̫ս£쳹ʮء
ֱ޵Ŀѣҡҷ۾˺
ʱƣսɲսϱʢԳ⣬ϣһƬң󶯵ĩվ
Щս޵ߣ֪һԾĻ޷ԼɵǵȻصʱв˱ûͷƤ顣
ȷԱɲ
սϫȴһɫҲ֮Щء
ʯĴƺһ˿ļ󡭡


1878 ⲻ
һ
ϫƤ͵һ
䣡
ͬʱսУ쳹һײʢԽһû
ȴһ˿δںǰ䡣
̳УطǴݵȻ
˵ˣҴδںǰ䣬Ҿңʯ
ʯҲ֮͸һϾȻ
ʱڿսеĻ档
ֻʯɫ԰ףڵأɫƽδ¶κεĲʺ;ɥ
ʯ棬۾Ķط۶̬ΰ
ʯˣ
һ˲䣬˶жϳһԾĽԶЩ㵡
һԾһʼͽҵĽУɱ޹⣬
˭Ҳû뵽ԭƾаľУʯһٱܣδԵ̫ͻأ
ֻгϫһС˿ʯȷˣʵͶط٣ڶƿϣȴ˶طһ
綫طԣʯѾ㹻ǿ󣬿Ϊĳԭ޷׼ԦԼӵе
ڳϫʯ޷ԦԼʼմӲԸôΪһǰ
ǰʯŮ洹һλӵо֮ͨܣȻʯϡһС
صĵģԼĽʯˣ
һۣԣδҲһ¡
ϫипȻӵд֮ʯˡ
һսطʤʮȻ

Ȼǧ𣡡
ûãԾʼĿҲٴα˹ȥ
ȻŮ洹񾳵һˣ̫ſȸᣬ֮ǰһս֤Լǿ
ǧԺӡӣ̫ħ֮ĺᣬѪ֮ͨ죬˫
֮ĶԾ벻Ŀѡ
ʦʯʦУҪһҲֻ̭ܰˡ
սУȻһϮ޲£ں㷢٣¶һ޳ա
촽͸һζõʮ㣬˫
ôҿɲôΪ
ǧһЦ˰˫üѩӵһͫף쳣ۼɣȻѷɫڿȻ˿
Ǿֵ¼°ɣ
ЦУȻٿȻһɲǼ䣬ɫ棬ٻʱգԷɱȥȻÿɲ֮
ߣ
ǧ缤䣬ӭȥ
˽սһһȸɫ棬ֱҪضٻһ¾ˣƿ׵֮׵
һսݳһֿɲ󣬵Ѫ׳ֱһ޵ߵֹ
ˣ㶼еģ
ϫսͲһŤͷһȴʯ֪ʱ˹
ģ
ϫЦ˶ģҺαؼȥè޺ӡ
ʯݺݴ˳ϫһȭЦһҲ̫ˡ
ϫڵģлǶطԾʱúóһڶ
ʯ۵˵İ
˵ţŤͷߡ
ϫһҪ뿪ȥ
ʯͷҲأȥʮ¶עѺӮ
ϫЩʮп˲ٶľ֣޵߲УԶĵĶ۵еһԾ
ֻû뵽ʯʱ򣬾Ĳ뵽ĶľУ湻ĵġ
ӲҲԿڶطУδʯĵʲôӰˡ
Ҳһ¡
ϫ½ĿսС
յʱ
ϫĿŲƣȫ˿Ȼϡ
Ϊܼ򵥣ѿǧѾذɣѲֵùȥעǿȻֳս˳ϫӡ
˵ɽŮ洹ϵһֱڶ۵ȱϾһһս˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⣬ϫǷͿȻжԾˡ
Ȼϫϣ飬ǰ׼ޱס
ȻӺһԾĻǧƴֶΣҲûκοȻոܡ
һսͬȻ־̾ڿȻսģҲǧϧģһ㡣
ϫѺ鱦ǧҪӮǶطҵļҵ׿ɶҪˡ
Ҳʱʯˣصڳϫ˵һ䡣
ϫʱȻڶعضԾУҵĶ̫ϽѪӣȷһͶطԾģ
ʯʼԤĶľ֣һضԾûϣڽıоͻϡôʼûлͶط֣һľȻ
ϫ׹ЩȻ
Ҹ˵һ̶ľУԣ޵߸öطѺעĶҲǶطӮӮˣǾܴһʡ
ʯԴ˷ܵ
ϫ̾ϢҲƴˡ
˽̸֮ʣĳԾѾĻǵԺҹ̫Ͻ̷塣
һս׸ӵеۻʼҹ洫ġҹ֮Сзӵ쾡£һյʱ䣬㽫ֻܡ
ǷȻߣ෴սѷɫǧ𣬿ϧҹ
ڵ峡Ծʼʱʱȫ޵ߵ񣬰ϫ
ΪһԾǷʥϺͽ֮ĶԾ
ϣһߣһǣӵϻ۹⣬˾Ʒۼŷġʵ֮ѳȻȺѷɫڳκһ콾
ճϫϣЩ͸ǳ
ӣǴ˴۵Ϻɱһƥ֮ǰڵһعصĶԾУȴչֳ˼Ϊĵսһӽ޵ҰУ˶෽ע
ʱڷϺ֮佫չһԾȻ˹ע
˶һֱһԾʤߣصӵԺͳϫǻꡢطȻͥʸ
ԳϫԣȻϣȡʤǸӣͬҲЩ͸ǳʶҲУһԾУ˭ӮһЩ
սܿĻ
óϫľǣӸտʼ֣ϾûռκαˣսϵսͬʱӵսҲ֮ڽ
ȳ棬õһ޵Ҳ֣ǸоͺϱǿӶֶ֮Ӧһ㡣
ز¶
Ҳʵ˶޷жǳ
Ȼϵս֮ǿҲĿõģһӣͺǣʩչεȾֶΣһһԷ⣬˲Էһ˿һ
ʱƣּҲԽԽԡ
ǻꡢطȻ˶ס¶һĨأչֳʵеȻ
صĺڳҲδʶӵеľսЩѰˡ
ϫüսеӣͻأأĪطһĨ˵
óϫʱһݣɴûжĸزʶ˲
֮ͷһΪһȫʶİˣˡ
ⲻ


1879 һ֮Լ
Ե޹ʣ˭ȥһˣ
̫ĪõóϫҲЩɲӾ˭ΪλԼ˷Ӧ
Ź֣
ϫü˼⡣
Ҳ֪˶ãȻһڰĻȻ𣬽ϫӳ˼оѡ
ŷ֣սϣϾѰУ
˿̵ϣһϮ°ɫɮȾѪɫ񾲴ݣһȴһĨȻš
ӣȴһЦһƵģ˫ָһĿע£̨
ʼգδ¶κνԵú⣬ƶսʤϣԤ֮С
ϰˣ
Ӻǿ
һɿӶʲôΪλᱬȿɲȻһٱˣ
ǵȷ̫ػɬƺҲǽ񵺵Ĵ֮๦
һƥ֮ǰǶ͹ܡ
һ̣۷׷ףһƬȻ󲨣۵޲ӡ
˭뵽ʥȷڴˣֲһ֮ǰӣ
ӵѣӿ˽⣿
ԪУշü
ֹշһ̾ӡ㡢ҲЩɡ
չֳս̫ͬѰ˷һ׵ˮ޷ֱǳЩ˳Ծˡ
ǰͬüҽ֪ǽ񵺵񺣵ĹŵӣӵΪ츳Ŀɾһ֪ˡ
ô˵ӿδ̫͵ˡ
շһ
Ҳ˼Ӳǵ弫Ĵˣȴӵͣⲻòӡ
ֹǣһ̵ĳϫǻꡢطȻˣҲĶ֣Ҳɲǲӡ
֮һսõҫۣĶ۵ߡ
ԭ޷һ仰ϣ


˿ʼԾʱ޵߻δӷŵлعд˱Կսʤϣֳ˶Ķ
һ̣ϫͬϾעһԾΪڱֺ̭󣬺Ȼҵ
ϫѣǸһ޷д۵ˡ
ǸȻ
ȾѪɫ΢΢ףɷ񾲴ݣøС
ϫϾĴмģȴǲһ̾ļ򣬵ްԸ⣬۵ȽǱԵдһ
ϱļ΢΢һĬƬ̣˵ϫѣһ仰Ҳ֪
УһĨԥζ
ϫһۣ㾡˵
Ǹӡ
룬ЩΣڽĶԾǧҪ֡
һ̵ɫԵüΪ࣬õóϫжʱһݣѵʲô
ϫ֮ǰԼһĪٽϴ˿ԣõоӲͬѰ
ϫѣСɮȥϢˡ
ϳǡ
ϫһЩйӵ飬ɿˣʱͷȥɣϣҲ١
˫ֺʮϫ΢΢ףת뿪
ϧˡ
뿪ıӰϫнסһ̾ƾϵʵֻҲԽһֶԾˡ
ܿ죬ϫҡҡͷٶ룬ĿսںͷԾ
ֻǣһԾһһҹԵ
ǿѷɫҹǹϵģǸҲȻѷɫչֳ˼Ϊǿʵ
ΪóȻʯ㣬ƾ˷ϮҲ޷һ˿һ
գǰˣǱƾ೤ޱȵȫ֧ŲסҰܳ֡
һս˽ʱ䣬տʼ֮ɵ˺Եˡ
ΪʱѳһսƴѲսֶΣǸԵ
һսĻʱ˶סһԼͬͬһͷһսˡ
߳ԾʱȴһЩ޵ԭͳһӷ
ΪǵڶعصһԾ
ҪǣһԾǳϫѪӣ
ϫ
Բضԣɽ״ӣڵһ۵ʱչֳ˶ޱȵս
֮ǰ֮һٴݿԺӡӹĽУѰԺǻꡢطȻҹ˲Ĵڡ
̫ϽѪ֮ͬǰ۵Уɽλеͼɻܣ׵춨Լ
Ѫӳ磬Ǻǻͬһʱڵƾ
񣬾ͽ֮䷢һȻڴ֮
˵γϫѪ˭ȡʤ
Ȼǳϫ
ǿɲãѪǰ̤񾳣ϫʮǰɽֻ񾳴ڡ
ɣʱĳ̣ܹһ˵ս𣿡
ˣһսעֻ֮ǲ֪һսãϣҪһ
һУϫѪսУңңš
ѪһϮѪɫۣòǱãüȴһĨ֮⣬жһļµϢ
֮ǰںͼɶսʱչֳսֶθǺ飬
ͼɱǽţһĺᣬƤ񣬲ش
һУϫѿУʶһѪʱҲ˲
˵Ҫͼɳһڶģ²һԹǶԷ̫Ͻ̵ݣóϫκκøС
ϫгɼòΪǸͼɰɣ
ѪЦڣƺǹĺĺԴо֮ɫ
Ƕгɼ
ϫԵúƽ֮ǰ֮ڣǹĽУԲ²ԼԵסҼС
ѪüëһȻôĿǣѵ֮Ҳң
仰һԶսǻ̫Ͻ̵ӽԶЦ
ԺЩӵɫЩϫἰĽܵ飬Ҳŭѣоϫǡ
ֲһķӦУϫҡҡͷ
ԼҲܻңôʮУǰ֮ڣһǧУ
ѪӼˣЦ죬дһĨϷʵζ
ϫҲЦЦе¶ȴ³һ仰˵ˣԸ㣬һб㹻ˡ
һУ
˻һȻԶԼˣһлѪӣǿδ̫ˡ
ԡͼɡȻʯǶ΢΢һϫ⾿ôˣ
ߣҿһʧķˣ
ѪɫһΪϫԴԼ
ϣ
ϫ΢΢һЦٶԣسɫķңңָѪӡ
һĨɱٿȻǵض


1880 ǵ
һɲϫüۼ価ɱ֮
续ƥɱ˺ѷ飬𣬾žʮء
ɱ֮ȻһдԨгʣҪɱ£ɱǬ
֮䣬޵أϫһˣ֮ǰݡȻô˿̵һʡâ¶
ԶԶ۾һֱʹĸоһɲڡ
ǣ
𾪣ͷųɱ˿ɲѵϫǿЦһ֮ڣʤ
ؾ
ٴͫ𶯡
ȲεĽ̫ߣųơǵǽһ롱
£ܹﵽһģֱǷëǣ֮ŵ˵ڳ۾δȵز
Ϊһжϫ̤ռ;ڴ˽;һ󲽣
֪һؾųƽۻʣ򽣡
ʶؾѴﵽ豹棬컯Ȼ̴ԵĲΣִ˾ѿ̤ռ;ż
⽣ؾһ˿ռУﵽˡһ롱ĵز֮ǽʶؾѲͬն
ܹﵽһزߣĸǹһľ̳ܹʱƿ弫ж
ʶʱע⵽ϫͷųĽŻ֮𺳡
һĵ𣿡
ǻꡢطȻҹ˴˿Ҳ۾¶һĨء
ȴԵýţΪǵ֪УжϳϫŲֶΣԵһĻʱֻһ֡Ȼˡ֮С
ؾǺǣֲøҿڳԣҪһл̫Ͻ̴Ѫӡ
ԪУշ򷢳һЦϧҿƾ޷Ը
ŶǾĿԴ
㵭ȻԴ֮ƶԳϫ޾š
շһЦȴǲٶԡ

ע⵽ϫϢı仯ѪӸܵһѹɫϾ
ͬû뵽ϫڽȡ㳬Ȼɾͣٲһ˿
ѪȴɸţϫܹһлԼ
ܹȡý֮ɾͣѪԷѰɱȣܹ뵽ڶ۵УһٻͼɵսУܿһ˿ߡ
£һսлѹпܻ᲻гϫԲΪԼϫһжӲס
䣡
ûгɣѪתȫâ磬Ԩ纣嫣ֱһհ㣬Ź
ͬʱȻ۷УѲ߮ɽӣ̰˻ĵ߷緶˫
ϣ
һѪɫͭѪУ˫ߣֲ״ӡ˵ѪɫƣʺΣļ¡
鱦Ѫ˫У
һศɵ鱦Ӧĸ˫ǣѰ鱦Ҫǿ
ѪҲҪȫˣһҲδСϫǰ˴жԴ
£ϫҪһ֮ھͻѪӿɾԵúܻˣ治֪Ǹ˿ºڵġ
٣ţƤ˭ᣬǳϫսԣѪӵľأ档
ҿҲˡ
ѪӵķӦǻһ̫Ͻ̴˽ԶһǿѪƴȫ£˵һУʮУԵֵס
ֹǻǣʱ򣬴˶Ϊϫ֮ǰĻȫţܲóϫ
ܰ쵽𣿡
Ȼૡ
Ȼܡ
ȻԴ
ٶԵúĪдҲԿڳϫĻʵҲΪġ

Ŀ֮£һԾδʼͳɹ޵ߵĿ⡣
һУֻΪϫ˵һ֮Լ
ܰ쵽
ܶ˲š
ӵһڴҲʾɡ
Σһоͽ𰸣ǵҪϫڴţĿ԰쵽
ϣϣ
ϵأѪȶˣնͭѪ羪ԨЮű塢䡢ɱ֮Ȼڿնɱ¡
˫նһʮѪɫâ
ᵶ󽭣ֻ
ƾӣǬ
һһ򵥸ɾȴ͸޼᲻ݣﲻƵĿɲ
¾ʮն
һɲѪٲȻͬ˫ٲȻһϵ˭ȫ
ƵѪʦѹ׵ֶζʹˡǻ磬˹
¡¡
սУâ䣬Ѫɫ纣ɲɱضȾ죬һ
ȫ޵ɫ䣬һ֮ǿ󣬳
ϫܵס
һֱ̣Ӻһ֮ԼΪ£Ƕܷסһ˵һȥѪˡ
ৣ
ڴˣϫԭأһΨسһɨ
赭дֵһϵĳü޼һïܵĻ֦Եƽ⡣
һɲ
սеһжƾֹһֹļžУһл綨
䣡
Ȼʱձ顣
䣡
ȻһʮѪɫâ

ԳϫΪģһɻɢ֮һֽΪ촷ۡ
һ̣ȫ˵ͫţӲ
ѪӵӰʱڰУأԱһɱƣʱȴһ˿˭š
෴ɫ䣬ë룬һסĿܰ㡣
䣡
һɻѲѪѱ޿ɱܣӦ
һɲǣᵽһϢܵһֱĿֲζ


Ѫź˹

Ȼֻǰһڣ˾ͱһĪɵЮסܿƵص
Ѫٴ۾ʱѾս֮⣬ȴʧ˻ǣ˶
ղšʲô
ʱȫžѻȸսУҲûһ˿졣
ΨϫǾεӰϣ֪ʱسȴδ뿪ǰĿ˲񷣬üͷ΢塣
Ұˣ
Ѫɫɷ͸亹͸ĿܣȴǻꡢطȻҹһɫԶһĨ𾪣ԵЩ΢΢͡
ֹǣԶǹϯϵһ޵ߣ˿̾׻㣬
գԵùļž
ҡİˣ
Ѫ˽ӲĿڻϣȴֶԷɫҲǾɲš
һеķգѪӵܵһǰδеĳҪ
Ϊʲô
ղžʲô
ѪʹüͷƴղŷһС
Īأ˳ϫնһƵᣬȻ
һжѪӶԣȴһʣвƵӿһĨֲѣʧǡ
һԾϫʤ
ڴʱһӯϵٿȻӲ֮쳹һֹļžա
ǵԺԺ


1881 ǿ
һϫüͷƽչָƽûгɣת߳ս
ѳףԭ֮ǰǵԺԺˡ
ԳϫԣԺԺԳֻǽһɻ󣬿ɶԣһף޵߶ʱȻ
𾪡
Ȼ
졣
Ĳ
š
ѹõķ籩ٿȻϯÿ޵ͷõ̲ס
Ƭزٳţ÷ڣ˷˳ǵء
ˣ
һ֮ڣѪӾȻİˣ
ղžʲôΪλ˹һĻ
죬һԾ˵ԺԺԳ棬ֱǷ˼
ʲôһУѪһжû£Ʋⲻ֮ǰǵԺԺ֣ѪֻɵĿܵס
һ̣ʮǶһǰȻУһȻ󲨡
һս̫ģҲ̫ס
֮ǰڴ޵߿ϫ˵һ֮Լֱſڿӣ
ټѪӸһսʱչֳĿɲƣԼһгɱ֮ġ¾ʮն϶ϫһ֮ڻѪӡ
˭뵽ʱ˿̣ϫȻİ쵽ˣ
ѪһжδֵܵסͱֱŲͳ֣
ǣȫڣը˹֮ʢȫǹǰԾķͷ

һ̵ǻꡢطȻҹҲ޷ƽ
ѪӰˣѾʵ
ڴˣǸעǳϫλѪӵģ
ؾӦ÷ӲһԭʩչĽС
ǻĬĬ˼⣬ȥѪϧ֮ǰϫʩչһҲܵһֳѹ
ԳϫһĻа취סѱԷûˡ
ͬһ̣طҲ˼ͬһ⣬ٲȻѳϫУڶԱȷ˴ǿ
Խ˼⣬ɫԽ࣬ȻԶκεӣ෴֮УǲԾѰѳϫһضԴǿ֣
շѸղ˵ĲһԾȷܿϧ̫ϽСһһҲûסʵ⡣
ԪУ㵭Ȼ˿ɫƽ֮Ҳ޷ĵϲá
ϫ֮ǰı֣ݺݾһѡ
ԣշɫһ˼£첻ԣѪܣҲɣķ̣Ļ˼Էǹལˡ
ӮˣϫӮˣ
Ȼ޺ۡ𾣡ˮǶϲó˷ܡ
سУ
ϯϣ۾ૡ
һ̣ϫٲȻΪȫעĽ㣬õǿʢ죡
ΪʧߵѪӣɫɷףɫȻһʧǵģ
һ̺֣ȴ·ѱ

ҡҡͷ΢΢˼ѹ
ڳϫı֣ͬԾѣǣղŵĶԾУԺ˼ҾȻԶˣ
ȻԺ˼ѿѪӵסһУΪ˴۵ȵߣȴûܼʱ쵽һҲЩȻͲ
дξԿϫһ֮Ȼûȵ۾ﶼӦ

ӳһѳ׻ָ侲
ڶعֶԾһĻһֶԾʤ˷ֱǻꡢطȻҹӡϫ
УΨԺ˽ռ˲ƣΪع۵Ӯҡ
ȻɽҲռƣΪ˳ϫӵһ˳
ҲֻǵڶعضԾƲʲôĽҪڽ۵У
ڶعضԾУ̭ĵӷֱޥʯǧ𡢷塢ʥϡѪӡ
ϧģʯǧϣչֳսҪʤޥ塢ˡ
û취ǵĶ̫ǿҲûκΡ
һعضԾУܵҵѪӣһжûס㱻̭֣ϡ
ͬҲһսóϫչ¶âͷٲȻǹˣΪȫΪĿһˡ
Σһڴ˿̶ĻϾͽʼһֵĶԾ˳ĳϫ˶ԣһȫµĿʼ

عضԾڿʼ
˴ζԾͬȡǷʽԾԹעôһԾĽУ۵ߣ޷˵ĶԾ
ͬ˴ζԾȡǩʽѡ֣ջǰ˳ˣ뵽һعصĶԾС
ӳڣ۵ˣأڳע
һζԾĹȷԵúڲͬǲȡһַʽԾʽ
ͨ׶ԣǳϫȰڸѡֿʼԾ֮ûֵϳĵӣ޷Ծеĳ
Ȼһ޵߻ǿһеġ
ôЩˣѵǵ۵ĵӣŵʲô
϶ˣһԾУ˭ֻ¶ƴֶΣɱﵣǱ۵߿ڽĶԾУɾ͵ʧȥһ
һӦ֮ǾͲɱˡ
Ҹоûô򵥡
۷׷ס
ڳϫǰ˶ԣζԾĹʱҲһĨɻ
ϸһ룬ǰֹԾԶǸҲԽܡ
ԭܼ򵥣ԼĶ֣˭Ҳ뱩¶ĵƱ˿ˡ
ͺñȳϫ֮ǰѪӵһԾһ֮ȫõǻǶУȻһЩԱȣһЩӦԲԣԼϫʱһֲ
ڣʼǩ
ٴμһյͭŵƣƻӨӨͷųʥϢ
ϫǻꡢطȻҹӡ԰һһǰͭŵѡȡһ棬С
ܿ죬Ǹӿһɫһԡ
£ɫÿɫͬǡðǰ˷顣
ϫӡ
ǻ꣬ԡ
Ȼ
طҹ
Ŀһ۵ĳ¯ʱʱȫ
ƥɱĺ˳ϫ˵ܷٴһ漣˳һǿԾУ
û뵽εԺһҹԺһ˶طһʤʵϡ
϶ԣҿڴǻ͹ԵĶԾ
ϧˣԭڴſȻ֮Ůܹǻһ˭룬Ķȴ
ɱСܹǿ֮еģһһʱľ
ȫ޵˷ܣڴѣΨʯЩƣڳϫѺע鱦˭룬һĶֲǶط
һطҹ
ܿ죬һԾʼ۵ߣǰػžн
˵ţһӣдһصŻóϫ˽С


1882 ԪӦ
һ˲䣬ϫǡػžС
ϴڴ˾޲ͬһ俴һУȴԽ
ЩսߵԾԼһЩ̾ϢпյײȫԱ
һֺܹĸܣһжΨ˽ס˼룬ͷ
ءҲء
ϫһҡҡͷϥء
Ѳػžеʱ֮Ѳӳ٣Ǻһ¡
ȻӦǵԺԺ֣˴˵صʱ֮
䣡
ûãȻһҵײ羪׳գݣĻꡣ
ڡػžУϫܹܵһԾļҺͿɲ
طҹѿʼսˣ
һɲǣϫжϳɵƾЩȴ޷ϳһԾ
ʹõսֶʲôȡսʲôǺͳͳ޷б
óϫüһ̾ٶ롣
Ǵ˴۵ҪﵽЧΪľǷֹЩ۵˿ŵսľ
죡ʲô̫ǿˣ
ǿҹȻסˣ⡭ֱǲ˼顣
ǿ󣬺֮ǰֶԾȣսҪģ
ԭǵս
ûãһȻըƵģȻ˲ݣóϫʱֲü
Աľϵƽȴ޷Լȥ˼󣬿ɽȴʲôҲ벻
ͽСͷֻԼľòκõĶ
ȥֻᱻӰ쵽Լĵģ
оͺñʱħӿ֣ڲ֪иʴصĻһħС

һ̣ϫ͵һһΪ۽һնԼ롣
һɲǼ䣬䲻ӿ룬ȴѱϫʶ޷Ӱ쵽ͷ
Щս޹أֻرҵģӣν˷ϮԿȻĪǡ
ϫٹע磬ɫξǳôʱ俪ʼĴ
һֹ̣ǳϫǻꡢȻԡӵҲͬĲףնţʼϥ
Ⱦĸǻ纣ͷͨ̫̫ͬ࣬ԶܹʶԼǵж
ڡ

Ҳ֪˶ãȻһ
һطʤ
һƬ
ϫ۾±ϣһܵɫž


ޱȵٴ쳹ڶȻʤ
֮ģǷĻȻ֪һս˶ٵľ̾𺳡
һ̣һз̶ͬӰȥ޺ۣûжԳϫһ˿Ӱ졣
δ۾

ʱţֹȥ졣
ԾĻǻʤ
ˣǰԾ
һǻ͹֮ĶԾ󣬳ϫȻ
¹ܣ֪ҹ½˶طͿȻУɫҲһƽ
ˡ
һղڳϫǰӳֳһصŻ
ֵˡ
ϫһһŻУһ̱ʧ

ϧ̫ϧˣͲһ߹Ծȡʤˣ
ȷϧӹɣǻȷ̫ǿˣ˭뵽ĵƻ֮ࣿ
ʣһԾˣ˴γϫĻɽ˽͵ԺһԵһֵǿ档
˵Ӿһƥʵɲ⣬˵ᱻ˳ϫ
ЦϫѪһĿãֻҲסˡ
ϫʱһޱȵһӴӿɽĹȽ뵽˺쳾һ
ȷ֣´˿̳ϫУǵδֹҡ
ڴˣϫɫɣһж޹һ㡣
ţ
ȻԶĹע⡣
˿̵ĹԣȾѪɫ԰֮ϥڵϣڲڳżʹࡣ
óϫһһ˲жϳ˼ش֧Ųס
ৣ
ϫһȥͿǻ˫ָΰ۾ɫ°ֻɫ΢΢Щס
Ȼղź͹ԵĶԾУҲ󣬵ڹԣδʲôơ
ϫ
Ȼһӱ󴫴
ϫŤͷȥͿҹϥԶԼ
Ȼ˴ûл㽻֣ڽ۵УܹͶطԾжϳҾ˭ǿ
ҹɫͬЩ԰ףȴһĨѵЦݣȻǰҪһԾʤ
ϫ˵ͷһᾡΪ
ҹЦеǵǰҸ˵Ǿ仰𣬷£ʵ뽻ֵģΨϫһˣǧʧˡ
ϫҲЦЦǸҲСѹ
ҹһЦٶԡ
úչ
ϫͼߣ˿һĹԣĬƬ̣ͼɵļ򣬵һ䡣
ʦ治صġ
ͼ
ϫ˵ͷĿٿȻԶֶеһλѹӡ
ϫĿ⣬һЦҲ˹
˵ĿڰжײȻûκｻ棬ҲκϵĽһʱ֮䣬ȴһ޷ݵɱ֮Ȼӿȫ
ԭӵգһٿȻð˶һݣиӦһ㣬׷׳
ĳϫӣ
ͬʱڹԪǰĻӳڣϵء
ৣৣ
δ£ϫӰһսУңңš
һ忡ʳȻһڣ̬Ȼһ˲䣬ʮ޵Ŀ
һԾҪʼˣ
һԾǳϫʮǰ֮ǰҲԣͬˣһƥɱĺڴ˴۵һˣҲ֪һԾֻᱬײˡ
ûô۵ȵڣ˵ıֽԶϣ˸˵ĸоһ£Զز¶޷֪ǳȤĺܡ
ۣһԾкܴڴж뿴һƥҫ۵ĺܷٴ漣һ·˳Ǿʹֹ
һУϫںȻں
һִսУ˵Ŀһ𣬱˴ڴŶԷ
ȤһԪӦߡ
һǷһĨĪЦݣȻڵϫעܾˡ
ϫֻȴٴηһ˿ϢԵüΪĪ
УȻѾй
Ŷ
üӳϫƬ̣ȻЦϵķڡͨеȷϿûҪõܡ
ϫһ̾ԭֻ̽ȴδ룬ԷͲϵ
ԽõóϫԽоӵݾֻǽ񵺴ǰˣ


1883 ٽ
ӺأԽǽӴԽĥ͸ǳ
Գϫԣ۵ĵӻҪԵز¶ϫôࡣ
һԾǵعһжκأһսɱ⡣
ϣ
ϫسȻԶӣʼսɡ
ϣ
ȻһЦҲǼһ
˽ָ߶磬ͨʺ͸ֳĻɺɫѪɣͷųɲ֮Ϣ
ԶԶһ˻֮䣬ƿһƬʬɽѪħбʥг٣Ҫ𣬲ڰ㡣
ÿֲѪϢʲô
֮ǰδô˱ѵѹֶΣǽΪ
һصĺ
Ȼ޲һѪиܵһɿɲѪɱ֮
ɲѰ鱦Աģ
ͬʱϫҲ۾³֣ý
ֹǽãҵĽҲҪĵ㡣
΢΢һЦǱãһϮ£̤ѥͷ˫ڣеһλʳð㣬ļѣԵúò
ԽԽ˿͸ǳǻӡ㡢Щ۾ӶЩԲ׼ɺܲѰ
µģδ֪
ӣһΣ
Ҫ֪ȻϫӵнؾĽΪڴ˿ɸ˵һóϫСĵĻԴǼ仹һƵᣬԵĪ
ԱȽҿɴδη
ϫƻȻһ̵Եݣ·һ̿ʼ졢ءˣһУѱ
Уֻһˡ
ĽҲָһˡ
һεĽϢӳϫ뾲ֹ˽Զɫһ䣬һϢĸо
ע⵽ϫƵı仯üëȻȻԽԽǲȡһصĶԱȷʽսپΣ
ϫľž˵
һɲҲ棬Ҫһ
ܼ򵥣ԭزֻ֮棬˭˳ԭʮɷΧ˭סԷʧܣΣ
Ӻԥ̹Ȼڡ
ԣȻ
ȡֶԾʽѶȿɾͱȳĶԾ̫ˣҪ֤ԼԭʮɷΧڣǶžһܵĿܣ
ֱַ֮ӵĿģҪóϫһӲӲս
˭˭Ͱܣ
˭ס˭Ͱܣ
ĵһֶԾʽѵʮɰսʤϫɣ
ϫӦһս˼ˡ
֪ΪΣӱֵ̫򶨣ٲȻһʤȯյģͻȻЩĳϫˡ
۷׷ף˶ھչֳвϫ
һ̣Ҳüõ񵺵Ĵ˾ʲôúõĹѭȴҪһսδ̫
㲻ڹԪĻҲüͰĿͶսУڵϫձ۵ȵĹأɲشӦ顣
Ľ飬˻ӳԤõȫ˶Ƿ׷ײĿѡ
ڴˣֻЦЦĿһֱųϫ
սʽҲ⡣
ϫڣǴӦ
Ȼ
ӳƬ̣ղδٿڡ
̾˿Щ²͸ԼλСʦġ
ãƾһ㣬ڴĶԾУұ㲻̫ѿ
ӺȻ̾ԴȴԵüΪԵǿơ
Ϊȱ̫硣
ϫȻ
˵ĶԣҵȷЩˡ
һĶͷȻһЦɫһ࣬˲ƽ֮κ
˽٣ϣⱲӶ֡
ƽĮУһĨɫ棬ǡ
һɲǼ䣬˱һƬɫ֣һգҫƥ𶯰˷ơ
ء
ܹΪĵķԲʮڣʱȻ顢Ϊתݣ̶ĺ
Уԣ磬罣еۻѣһΨҶİ
һб仯Զһ˲䣬ٴʱ񿴵һİ˰㣬ǰԵϢ˶΢΢ɫ䡣
ҲӵнؾĽ
һλ۾ﾪ
ৣ
˷Ӧһն
ʺ͸ٽգ۽ʵһѪᣬޡѪȡֹЮһһǰݿơ
һ̨֣ϾӿֳѪѪӿֱҪضУޱȡ
ͬʱϫбһĨâûκγɣسΪһĨ⣬
Ľʽ
һ翣źۼһƮƮĲʵС
ɵӿգȴѪп޷䣬Ѫ˺ѣһм
ȻٿȻͷ
һж죬Һײ޾춯صƣǵƽƽչֳȴԵΪġ
أ
һЦƲϫ԰쵽һٽһ񣬱㽫һͷһĨ촷ۡ

̾Уٴնһ
ৣ
˽ҪǿһɱȻܵ쳹ء
ԶһڹսһЩʵģ޲öĤըѣѪڣ֮
Щ۾ڣҲ΢΢ɫ䣬һ֮ƣ
ڴˣϫɫȴǲʼնδһ˿仯
ৣ
ͬնһ籼׹Ǭ嫺ݼʯƺƵ
Ľʽ
¡¡
һν棬ȴǾ֮â꣬ײ㣬쳹ʮء
ǿɲĳţȫ޵߶ݡ
Ȼ֮Ľ棬Ͷ֮䷢ӳԴݿ£ɱǬӵ֮Ǿףǳܼ
۷Ծǧ궼ᷢһ
ʮЩ޵Ҳδ˾ĶԾֱĿɿڴʧ˶˺
Ҳһ
ϫɫŨںڵĳٲȻһʷâ˻ġ
˵ʱسһһɱ׼ƥնɱ
۾ƾҲ֮ǿٽʺ͸ֱҪʳѪ
䣡
նһХ籬ף쳹ǬƸҡӿ˼¡
֮䣬߽벻ϰٴΣֱɱҡض޹⣬һһֿɲ
д㡢Ҳеγңһսõȫ𶯣۾Ϊ֮ڡ
̫ǿˣ
ǳϫӣʼսԶԭأ˿ʩչĽȴѳ̫̫ͬ࣬ǽƷӵ쾡¡


1884 
λؾľʣĿ֮£չһ۷Ծ
˶һԾʤ븺ؽʷϹ
ڽս֮ǰ˭һƥɱӣͬӵнؾܣ
˭һԾȡһֶصķʽУ
˵عصĳԾУΨһԾҪԵøҲΪĿ⡣

սϣսڳ
ϫԭأ˿ʯսȴʱƣڲ
սĻҲԽԽҡ
âܡ
ϯ

սУ׻Ϊ󣬽һ̾ȫ
ǿôǳϫӣǵս񣬾Ǿ˵ƣ
һԾʼʱϫӸûöȫǵսҲһģһԶδױ¶ԼĵƣսĳԼ
Ȼ˶Щ͸ԷǳʶԶȡΪ׵սֶΡ
޵߶ԣսԵø߱
޲а⣬ǳϫĵƶ࣬ӵĵƶࣿ
˵ļ
ûܿóԾ˺档
ܹȫ޵ߵĺģɼһս֮Һ;
д˹֮ϫӽԶǽеţźչֳսȻѲѷɫѽǻꡢطȻˣ
˳ѳϫӺ˶Աȡ
ܿ죬⵽˷
ûȣսмƣغ֮ǰ۵ԶͬƼޱȣ֮Уȴǵսɡ
ԭزÿһӲҪ֪սǲˣóҲóػսڵĳϫӺ˶Աȣ޷ֳ
ۣ޵УϫһԾȫһĶԿǸĽ֮
ȻҲӵеΪΪΪԼյĹȵȷ档
Щۺһ𣬾ͳΪǷԼܵԴȪ
һԾʱжϳ˭ǿ˭Ľ

䣡
һյʱ󣬳ϫһƺԣسЮԣǺӣɱȥ
ͬʱһٽת£һƬѪɫ棬ǵء
ײ׼죬ʢĿԣضҫһƬͨ͸ͻ
ŵŵţ
һںȻĿע£ϫӵ뵹˳ֺ
һδֳܷߵ
ֻ˶һǳϫӣɫԶ桢ϾҲǿʢ
ԶԶȥϫһԨ䣬û˻ģһգȼա
ն
ٶȳͨ죬Ŵ
ৣ
ϫ첻ԣ֮Ӳ
ĿһĻ˶һԾѵؼʱ̣Ҳգҵʱ
ò˶ãʤֳܷ
û˵
Ҳû˷ġ
еĿ⡢ͷ£սУõԵóļžѻȸ
ʮǣһƬžš
ԪеĻӡ㡢ꡢշ򡢳ӵһڴϯϵԶ۾ޱ۾һڵ۾ڣһҲȫע˳ϫϡ
ΨսУײʱձƼ𲻶ϣ쳹Ұ

䣡
һμޱȵĽ棬ϫ΢΢һѪڣ̲ס˳
ͬʱӶͷ֣͵һҧȴ޷ƣͬ˳
ߣ
߼ͬʱһٴνһ
¡
ϰٻغϺ󣬳ϫӰһģһܿɾ룬Ϣһ
ӣȴ磡
˽ԶסͫһѵϫҪѹ
ܿ죬ǾͷԼжϴˣΪһ̣ϫȻͬӻӰӲ˾ɾ룡
˽סһ𶯡
ƽֻǾϵĲ죬λ֮ײ֮գ֪жɲǲɱһ񣬱ܾʹܣ
սڳֻ֮ǰҪպͲҡ
սƣϫɫҲһһƬѪݡ
ͷݽҧкâʢ糹ȼ㣬һƬɫС
ϫ˴ذɣ
ȻӴǷһĨĻȣ͵һХȻ飬ͷͷų˵ɫâ绯ΪһԶŽ
ƣһɲǣȻӲٴαһ
ˣ޵𺳣š
٣
˷Ӧִٽһն
䣡
һɲȻҰһֹŵļУҪڡ
ǿɲϢЩ۾жΪ֮𶯣ʲôУ
޵ëȻ׹ߣεѣ
̫ǿˣ
һ̺ϢѶҪĨɱһжУ˼
٣١ˡѵǸطģ
Уʥ䣬Ż۹⣬ƿʲôɫǺء
һϫͬᵽһΣյϢܵһεѹ֮
ৣ
ûκγɣʩչĽԲʽӰΪһԲĻڱرң
䣡
һȻݺײһԵüΪɲ󣬳ϫֵסȴӲ˳ȥ
ŵŵš
һںȻĿע£Ӱͣ˾ԭʮɵĵطٲһߣͻᱻ̭֣
ò޵ɿ֮࣬ҲȻѣԽ񵺵ĴˣδҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ϫѪɫ΢΢԰ףֻɫĮȻûκһ˿仯
ΨһԺУѴһĨɱ֮Ϣ
ţ
ӼһδܳϫɫԵ䣬ͬӿɭɱ
ৣ
ٳ֣ϫȶˣسΪһĨ磬ʱ֮谭ƾγ֮һɲǼ䣬ʧ
һ̣ʺһ֮أ
һԵùƮ֮Ҳò˼飬õͫȻһɫ΢䡣
䣡
⧲֮£оյסһͬɳȥֹʮ֮ǰ
ɫڷ仯գȻ΢΢һЦ¶һѩݡ
ǿֶôܲǺܿϧɲǿֶΣ
ĮЦУƾնУٴθֳһ񽣣ͨѩӨ͸壬͸㣬ͷų̹ǵĿɲϢ
˫
˼ˣס˫Ľ޵ûУܹǧٱ񽣵ģǽֻʹãܹӳǹؼ
ȴڶԣܹһõޣɱκεˣ
˿̣ȴ˵ڶ񽣣Ҳζţƾӳսֻ½


1885 ת
Ԥǰ㣬յڶ֮˵Ȼֱ嶷ţ
ͷɫ裬ͫıԶħ
˽˪İһѾܾûܱƵҼ˽ˡ
̾͸һĨп
ŸпϵɱҲԽڣõĻɽȻ
ϫڰ˪֮£԰
ĮƮٴչ
ˣ
ʺ͸ٽնһλðѪ⣬͸޾ѪȣҪѪϴ¡
ৣ
־Ө͸Ȼѩİ˪һּ򵥵ķʽ̳һɲǼ䣬˪Ǭâġ
ֲͬƵĽһ̵ӳ֣ɲȫ޵ߺΪ֮ͣͣ
һһЩ۾ڶܵһĪѹ
¡¡
ϮԵĺҪ˳׾ѹԵ޿ɵ޿ɱܵо
˵һӾסɤۣΪϫǵ˼¡
ʵ̫ǿᣬһɲĴԨʩչ˫֮ʱ̣ϫָεֵ

ϫûеֵ
ӳֵһɲǣҲѡ
ৣ
һĨƽƽ̻Ľ
Ľţʽ
һ֮ǰƲʲôҲһ˿ƣõ粻޵߽Զһ̾
ѵϫǭ¿ˣ
䣡
һ춯صײ쳹ϫһĨȺһλðѪɫϣԱŽ
һȷϫסɻӦһĨ԰˪񽣵Ľɱ
أ
£ϫֵֻܱ˾ʮɽݺײһǣܿƵصˡ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ

ϫӰÿһȫ޵һ鴤֮Ŀá
Ϊһ̣һӨ͸壬˪Ľֱɽѹϫ񲻿ظ㣬Ե쳣ֻܲϺˡ
ˡ
ˡ
һʵɲĲٿ£Ϸͷųɲݺѹȳϫ
ܹϫüëϣһɫ˪
ڲϺš
˿־ƳȥòƬ̣ϫؽ˳ʮ⣬ʱܹһɰչأѾǰˡ
ôϫﶼҪ𣿡
̾
һȷ̫ǿˣ˭뵽˫֮˿ɲ
˸пչֳ𺳡
ˣǳϫҲ̭ɽ˴οɵȫû׺һֶԾԵˡ
ѿʼϧ

ɡ
ɡ
ųϫ˺󣬳޵ߵҲ֮𶯲ѣԽţ޲۾
һԾѺˣɷϣӵȷǳϵǿ󡣡
ԪУշпҲֻ̫Ͻ̴ǻܽˡ
ԺطҲ
ӴЦ
˵̸ɫԵЩѿղδ˵ʲôһ̣˼ڳϫϣΪ䵣֮˼ȥշͳӵˡ
Сʦ壬һҪס
ૡ

սС
սѽһֿǰļ״̬ҲΪؼʱ̣Ϊ˿̣ϫѱ⡣
ӣȼǿʢƿһĨ˪ϳˡ
һԱȣֻҪϹӣԾͿԿϫһС
Ⱦ£һ̣һԾͻֳʤ
ϫս֮ǿȷҵϣԶԶδﵽҼɵĵزˣעܻҵĶ֡
ؼʱ̣ӺȻ΢΢һЦƿڣһʤȯյģΪϫ췦ؽܱ
ϫ첻ԣɫһĮȻ
̸֮ʣٴαʮɾֻʣ²һ֮ң
Ҫ翹ȥȻּԪ
ٴοڣ˵һ룬ʶʲôʱ죬ֻǷһЦ
ҲڴʱϫȻ̧ͷĿԶӣȷ֪ĺܶ࣬ȴһ¡
Ŷ
۾ȴΪϫڹӣɲϫκһ˿ᣡ
䣡
ƿһ˪ǿʢٲȻһҪϫ׻ܵļơ
һ֮ңʮɾ롣
룬Ҳζʤܵķֽߣ
һĻ޵ߵĶסŵ˼¡
ʱ羲ֹ
Ȼ޺ۡ𾣡ˮ˶ס¶Ŀõģ
ͼɺ͹۾
˫鲻Խս

ˣ
ʮ𼱰һɲǣһĽٿȻ
һںȻĿע£ϫУȻҲһ񽣣
˽͹ӣͨһɫܻΪܻɬͼƽ
ԶԶȥ˽ͷƷܻһɶ칤컯Ϣ
һ֣ʮأ
ǣ
ȫ𺳣
ৣ
ǷӦϫһն
һɲǼ䣬طգǵأ磬ɱʮƼֱɲ˼¡
¡
һɲǣһĨɽѹȶİ˪飬Ʋһ״ݿ塣
¡
һĶǵĽХһĨʱգնƾγٿȻǰ
㡪
ͫȻš
Ӷ˫ֵɽһ˲䣬ͱϫһݺϣ˲ܿƵصɳȥ
һˣϰɣ
ͨһӵʱɫǱǺ죬ܲ飬ٺһڣȴ̲ס͵³һѪ
һɲǣǺɫΪ԰֮ɫ԰׵͸˳׽Ӳ
ȫѻȸ
ռž˼¡
˶һĿӣ޷ǰݵһС
ȷһзʵ̫ˣĲ˼飬ӸղųϫҪһٻܣٵͻȻֽϮسΧһӣһϵжһ˲䡣
ô޵߶ûüϫʩչ˺εȽУһԾĻ
ǣһоԵøģǰһ˼漣㣬Ǹȥܺ
ǣ˶
Ǽ¾ǣͬҲ˫⣬ҵĵơ
һƬžУϫԶӣȻּžΧ
ԭأҰѪɫĴأԹһ˿Ѫգ޷ܡ
ܣܵġˣҵĶ֣ⲻģģ
УӵɫȻǽ˹͸ŨŨĲʡ
ǣѾˡ
ϫˣҡҡͷ˫ת뿪ս
ϫⲢҵĵƣһкֶܶûʩչǼսһԻģ
״񣬴ȵɣˣҲģΣ
˵ˣѾˣѾ˽ΪλҪһս
ϫͷҲأ߱˵ˣζԾ㶨ģѾһΣ


1886 ʧԶӭ
һΣ
״ħӳסظһ仰ⲻܣܡ
ϫʱ뿪ս
һ̵ӶϣɫεӰֻһʧǵģԵΪ
һпУһǿ԰е𶯣һԾϫʤ
ϵأóЩԭе޵Ƕʱѹ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ𣬷һƬ
ӮˣϫӮˣ˼飬̫˼ˣ
û뵽ĹͷϫһϮ漣һٴӣ
һƥɱĺʹֹˡƾǰı֣£Ϲ֪
ǿ𣬳ϫһ񽣣ǿ֮һ˲鱦
ǰ˭뵽ϫҲ֮ͷԸ˽
̾ڶʮһ䶯
ԪС
㳤һɿ߬ŵ˫֣ǷһĨЦݣɷ
һ仰δ˵ɴʱշͳӵɫǱΪ뵽ԭذɵĳϫһޱȵϮ
С湻Ӳģ
аԸ̡

ǵطĺᣬϫܹɺܲѰ
ʥĿսеӣԺȴڻϫղŵһþõĳ˼С
ֱ֣޵߽ȻͬԵΪϧʱǵĿ۽ڳϫϣȴ˷ϵ״

Ӯˣ
Ȼվ˷֣һƥԵ޶ˡ
Ӯˣ
޺ۡ𾣡ˮҲظ֣ͬоþ޷ƽ
ϫչֳս̫ǿˣѺ͵ˣõЩͬ鶼һ޷󼰵ĸо
Ӯˣ
ͬʱġػžУڴ޵ǻꡢطȻ
ӮöԾ֮˱½Ųƽ뵽ػžУ޷һС
ʶҲϫӶԾľ
ɽֻĻȻһսϫӮúƯ
û뵽ӾҲĶ֡
ǻüӵۺܸߣӵ˱ӵĶֿȴû뵽һĪļһһԾа˳ϫС
һԾϫõԴ
ͬʱطҲüͷһһɫͫзһĨ˵Ĺ
Ҿ֪ۼ̣ϫһӸΪز¶
Ȼչһ̬֫Өĺ촽ȴһĨЦ⡣
ˡ
ܿ죬һղػžɢŻǻꡢطȻǰ
ûгɣУٿȻʧ
عصĶԾܿҪĻˣ

绩Ȼ𣬳ϫȴȻԹͼɺ͹ߣ˿ھ޵Ĺԣʱһ
ãأδ˼
ʦ棬ϽϢϢӰһֶԾķӡ
ͼɹг
ϫЦЦҲá
δˣһӵĶԾУӿʼĻ˲һʱ䣬ĵĽֻĲ
״̬ȥһֶԾȻҲӰ䷢ӣϾһֶԾУĶпǻꡢطȻеһ
ｻ֣Բһ˿ܻܣóϫҲκһ˿⡣
ϥʼޡ
ڵعضԾǰŽʱʱ䣬㹻ϫԼ״ָ̬۷塣
ڴڼ䣬ǰѯʣҪóϫػžеϢĻָٶɻࡣ
ȴϫܾˣд󣬶ΪоκαҪ
ʦ棬ҽعصĳԾȫУжϣƾղչֳĵƣԶԿǻꡢطͿȻκһˡ
ڳϫϢʱͼһ԰ơ
ɲܴ⣬һﶼѰ˵׼ʲôֶûʩչ
ϫţȴǰԴ⣬ǶԱѹ׵ֶΣɲκˡ

ʦ֣ҪСĳϫӣһƸΪǿ񽣣һ˲õ鱦
ԣʦԲϫ˫֮һٻӡ
ʦ㣬ǳϫսΪˣصļһǧҪ⡣
ͬʱǻꡢطȻҲȡԱߵʦֵǵķ
ʵֹǣ˳ϫϮɵ֮󣬴˿ʮУЩ޵ǽԶڷǻꡢطȻϫ˵ս
й˵ĶԾ翴˸ǴѡһģȴԵüΪѡ
˵Щ޵УԶиԵжϣԼΪǿһˣͳһ
ʶҲܴ
ΣǻÿһսӮøɴ䣬ɲܹ쵽ġ
֧ǻ޵ߵ̬ȡ
ߣսߵжϣҵǸоطΪǿսȴƽԽŸ¡
ֶ֧طġ
ȻսҲˣԵǿƣκδϢĻᣬ˭Ϊֲ֣κκô
ֿ֧Ȼġ
ֳ֧ϫ޵ǣһݳϫɲ⡱
֮ԼĻǿԾڳÿ޵߶ڴ˷ţ漫Ϊ
ܿ죬һͬһʱʧ޵УĿˢˢ˲񷡣
ɫУ޲һĨɡ
һ̣ϫǻꡢطȻˣڻӡ㡢շ򡢳ӵһڵ۾ҲһݣȻ̧ͷͬһ
գһ̾˵ļžֻзؼƮš

ãã۵Ļ֮ǰִˡ
Ȼһ쳹һΰӰƾն֡
ѩһǿճɢһֵԶϢ
ż𣿡
ͬʱһᾣ沿ܲ͵Ȼڲһ࣬һ֣ͽһԻǵ֮ǰֵѩϡ
ѩӼˣֻ΢΢һЦ
Ҷˡ
һöŴԵ𣬲һ࣬һֻޱȵѩһλŮѶ
ͬʱһϣϢظֳһλ꣬ݹŰ㣬
һۣķ֮λĵӰ
ÿһӰϢԵöôǿ󣬿ɵǳ֣ڳ޵жסӿһĨȻͫţƲš
Щ۾ڶ𶯣¶һĨɫЩн;η
գžΨĵӰУλףļ֮ء
λǰϷʧԶӭʧˡ
ڴʱǹԪϿգһϺһλҷ߲ĻӰƾն֡


1887 
һλ֣߳һ˲ﵽһǰδе֮С
̫ɲˣ
˭ڶ̶̼֮䣬λ֣
֮
һ۷߶ȣʼ˴ĿֲڣϹУܹ֮ģ޲ӵ֮ͨܡ
ȴڣҲ̫ϡ٣ָ̫ͷĹ
ѰＸ䣬þ޵񣬶δĿùһݡ
ȴһӳλǵֱ޷ݣõڳ˶𺳣ҳ
λѣ˴۵δǰԪУһսΣ
ߺЦ
Ҳá
д⡣
λԶףǻһ̤գٿȻѽǹԪУʧ
䣡
һ˵Ӱʧжʱը׷ˣĻȻء
ɽѩ죬ȴ˵еĴȻڽˣ
̫ϽʥӣԺڤŮ洹ѩᣬԼԺϲ£
弫ֱɳһλǰ̫ˣѵʲôҪ𣿡
ˣ˴۵ȵĿģѡγʮλӽŵأѰٻԵλһֻ¾ͺʹйأ
˴ܹüݣѲУ
ղ̫Ͻʥ˵Ļǿ˵ѩżʱŵһΪҪһ֮ĶԾ
Ǻǣ϶ˣһдŶΪѩǰЩɱ̫ϽʥĦ٣λĦٵӵʦܡ
ԭˡ
쳹һлⶼѩӡڤѩᡢµλԵ弫еĵϡ
ÿ϶д˾̾ηĽõóҲǷֵ˼¡
Ͼܹһ֮ڣһӿλеͨȻ̫ˣǧֻҲһΡ
ʦҲˡ
ϫȴüѩɱĦٵܹ̫֮ϽǶʦ˴١
ѩȴ뿪ɽ£һٱ̫ϽһǺʵϡ
ܿ죬ϫҡҡͷٶ롣ʦȻҹǰȻѿǵⷽ档

ԪС
ѱú֮ǰͬ㡢꣬ǻӡշ򡢳ӣλʱʱӭκΡ
ʦֶȥִ˴۵ȣˣ㽻ˡ
߲·Ըһѩӡڤѩһһ
ȥ
ʣµ㡢ꡢշ򡢳ˣԼг󷽡
λĵˣ˴۵ȽֶԾǿҲѹֱǻꡢطȻͳϫĸСһ
֮󣬲µЦֻǿϧҵԺȴûһǰǿС
УһĨԳ
µԣǿУǡ̫Ͻ̡ԺŮ洹ɽռһϯΨûеԺˣԵú΢
ҿֻǵԺ˼
ɫŰϵڤĮڡ
µ΢΢һЦҲ⣬Ȼ֪λΪĸСһУ˭ܻô˴۵ȵĵһ
˻ԵЩ࣬ѩӡڤѩλ϶ΪµĴ˿ȡʤ
µȻޱ֮ˣȴڴ˿˵һɾЩѰζˡ
ѩЦЦδֱش𣬶óһͨУǰϡ
Ȼ˵˭ܻõһɽĽ
µȤпһ鱦
ѩͷбΪ޼󡯣µΪΪΣ
޼
Զ۾Ź˱
µƾ̾ñǷǰµرѰɱȣΪ˴۵ȵһĽǴ´ࡣ
˵ţĿһɨȻЦͲĴ˱µĴ˸ȥ
ѩȻһЦ͵Ļȥ
µЦԼλСʦܿʮ㰡
˵ţһҲóһУڰϣΪ˴۵ȵĶóɾЩ˵ȥҵԺԺ˭õһеġ鱦¡˭С
鱦£
ԣǺݺһͬһĪ⣬˫
ܿ죬Ŀⶼ̫ϽӵԺڤŮ洹ѩϡ
Ȼλˣ̫ϽҲóһԴ䵱˴۵ȵһĽɡ
̫Ͻӵɳƿڣ˵ʱһɫó˰ϣ̫ϽٵõһűǬ졯λжţϷ㲻ٶˡ
Ǭ죡
ֹһűһպյ鱦
ۼѩ¡λԶóһﵱԺڤŮ洹ѩҲûгɣóһ
һ˴Ժġսꪡ
һŴŮ洹ġ顱
񱦣ͬԶ鱦еƷǷ
ˣ²пһ£ҶЩۺˣҲ֪վĸСһлˡ
ֹǲµһĻʱһ㡢ꡢշ򡢳ӵһڵ۾ҲסŭƵطһĨۡ
鱦
һƷȴһΪһֽõЩ۾ĿܲĽ
Ҫ֪ȵ۾ڣЯ鱦ҲԳˣ
Ƕǵ弫óһ񱦵ɲͬѰڽһԶġ
ĵģվһĴˣܹô˴۵ȵĵһ

ڴʱһڴ쳹ء
һӣеĿߡ
ΪعصǿԾͽڴ˿Ļˣ

ܿͱѹסʧ
Ҳ֮ׯలеĿ⣬뿴ڹԪǰĻϡ
عضԾڿʼ
ɫϣڣ˴ζԾһ̫Ͻǻ꣬Ů洹Ȼ
ڶԺطɽϫ
˴ζҵԺԺȷ飬˲˵
˵ţĿеĳϫǻꡢطͿȻϡ
ζԾȻûвȡǩʽɰŵȴ΢ҲܺϾ֪ɽŮ洹ϵ̫Ͻ̺ԺͬҲһǿ׳ġ
ǻͶطԾóϫͿȻԾǾ̫ȤͿ㡣
ͬһҲȻϫǵķˡ˵ȫڳ˵Ԥڣȫκɵĵط
ȻҲǻͳϫԾöطͿȻԾе𲢲˭Ҳˡ
Ȼû飬ڱ㿪ʼһ۵ɣ
ϫ˷ԣûгɣع۵ʼ


1888 Ǵ֮
սС
ǻͿȻңңš
ɱ
Ŀһ̣ȫϣϢ˵
ԪеһڵҲ⡣
ǿԾĵһսߣԲ뵽һԾĽУȥ˴۵ȵĵһ
ʧߣֹֻڴˣ
̫ſȸѪȫŮ洹̡ɫ顢Сߴ֮һֵӵĶ֣ԽսһȫԸ
ǻ긺ֶһͷѪɫĮ͸һ°İ
۵һڶԾǰ˵д˾֪ԿȻǺεӡ
ŶǲǸøең
Ȼ̬ö֮ۼƣǺǻ겻£ʤ
⵹ڣʧʱѵʶ֮Ĳࡣ
ǻзһĨѪɫˡ
Ǿͷϻ˵ʼսɣ
ȻЦһȻ
䣡
һУ޾ɫâȻսʥڣƮ裬ƿɫַȻ
ɫУָǬ
Ȼⲽգʱգ޾ɫ֮ΪĿķУſնǵذ㳯ǻɱȥ
ͣ
Щ̺ɫ֮ηУɱɲ˼£֮ʱձи飬޼᲻ݡ
ӦòǿȻ֮ǰսУԱ̫ࡣ
ϫ΢Уܵ˿ȻһĿ֮
ֹǳϫ޵Ҳһ̵ĿȻˣñ֮ǰκһԾһͶ֮ɢֱһЩ۾ڶľѣʵֻһλ񾳴ڡ
¡
ڿȻչͬʱǻҲȻӰΰֶһӺ޸飬Ԩļ¡
ڤڤ䣬ֶΪɣѪΪ
ǵĮУǻ˫һץٿȻӿѪɫҫ۵ֶء
һѪɫ͸ļµѹϢһּµֶһǸη塢Ǵ֮
¡¡
ֶǴζѪɫһսֵɫ֮һ롣
ǻһ̷ִ֮ߣƺ˵˼¡
Ȼ棬ԿǾס
ȻƿعɫʥȻ˲¡ǻɱᡢ飬˴ĵľºѹ֡
һŮڴ˿̶ԾսУչֱڳ޵߽ԶһϢĸо
Ǵ֮˲Ϊ㿪ʼ֮Ϊã֮ʣƿ˸񣡡
ԪУŮ洹ѩ磬âӿдһ˿Ȼ
ܹŮ洹󴫳֮ڻ̫ͨſȸĺҲ˲ĺܡ
̫Ͻӵɳƶͳ
֪ģΪӵѩϵжã˽ǵȴԷˣʵ֮⡣
ǻ꣬ȻԶɳһʱĸ콾ʤܣԶֵóƵ
Ժµ뺬ЦڤѣǶλΪأ
ѩЦЦÿɷ
ڤȴɲ˵
µһЦȴǲἰ⡣
ǽ̸֮ʣĿʱʱ̹̿עսﵽȲΣһۿһԾʱֻ¸ֲʤ
ֶǴ
һ̣ϫҲһУʱΪ̫Ͻ̵ɱõֶ֮ҲϤ֮
ǻʩչֶ֮Ȼܲһ㣬лһɴǴ֮ɲõóϫҲȻѡ
Ǵ
ϫûǴӡǴ֮ۡͷųϫĻ뵽ǻ꾹ƿˣ
ǻѻ̫Ͻ洫ԽǴ֮ΪãʵСˡ
ϫૡ

ֲҸеһֲĸоԭǴ֮ҲãҿǴ֮ҵɫиʤһ
սУʶǻֶΣȻҲһͱһĨҵĹ⣬־ǿʢ
ߣ
ǻ괽ǷһĨȣһܵķڷ
¡¡
֮չ˼ҶԾײ壬ɲ֮ĻһָоͺضҪݡ顢Ϊް㡣
ҺһǷսУʵˡ
һԾȷɳƵǿ֮ƴ󣬳֮գԶﵽһȫ¸߶ȡ
õЩս޵߶ȣѡ
۾ڸпǻ۷ʱɾ޷ӵ㾪ˡ
ЩǿĿһУҲ޲һɴܸУϺǻꡢȻ̫Զˣ޷󼰡
ڳϫһֱ侲ս֣ݣԼȻλãָӦǻꡭ
䣡
һʱ󣬺Ȼսвһֲײһ㣬
һ̣ǻӰ͵һģ˳ʮɾ롣
ʱ֮䣬ȫ𺧡
ѵǻҪѹˣ
ţ
һ̣̫ϽӵǻǵҲһ
䣡
˷ӦץסʱȻٴηɫȼȻк
ɵһĻʱϫȴûɷһĨȻһã
ˣ
ȻڿȻһʩչԭǱǻȻ̧ͷüȻֳһֻڱӡ
顢ĮȻļ£һ֣ͷųһҝâһš
һ˲䣬ڳ˶ȻӰ͵һǾƥϷһĨɫ
һ̣׻һ㣬ɷף͵ؿȳһѪ
䣡
ڴʱǻӰȻ֣һĳ
Ȼʶֵȴ֮ӲһɳȥȳѪɫһή֮
ˡ
ˣǻ굱֣ĮȻڣü䣬һֻȻֵʧ
ȫһж̫죬ԭΪǻҪѹƣ˭룬գ֮䣬ȻѰܱ
޵߸ûǻʩչ˺εֶΰ쵽һġ
ֱ̫˼飡
Ψϫһ̾ΪȻϧѣĻûϳǻü両ֵһֻ˳ɾǡǴ֮ۡ
Ǵ֮ôɲܹԦģվӮˡ
սУȻ򴽣̾һת뿪սɫ䵹δжٲʡ
ͬʱǻҲٿȻ뿪
ˣһԾĻǻȻ𣬾Ǿƶš
ȻҲ˱ǻչֳֶ𺳡
οЩ˼ˣõŮ洹ʧһ顣
ԪУ̫Ͻӵǵӣһ꣬ɳƶͳһζ


1889 
ȻܣҲζԵһ۵ĶԾѳʧȥ˾һʸ
ʶ̫ϽӵŻᷢһꡣ
ڴˣѩȴԵúܵȻƽֻȻܣȴǻܶĵһˡ
˶٣෴ҵΪϫУҲﾡã̸ʲôʧ
һ仰ζ
ӵУȻһЦ
ѩȻһЦѩЦҼСʦ֪ѩ˸߿ֻ»˵ĺܡ
ѩҲЦЦ˵ʵ
Ҳ˵һʵϫܷõһ»ҪԺطӦӦ
ԺڤȻĮϣһ˿
ѩЦݱ䵭³һ仰ǾĿԴɡ
Ҳڴʱ⴫ӵڶϫ󶫻ط

ϫһҪСİҿѺע鱦
ʯ
ϫȻһЦ˵ͷӰһݣսȥ
ͬʱطҲչӰӶߵжɴ䣬չֳΪǿš
һ̣ʮ޵ߣڹԪһڵǵĿ⣬Զ˳ϫͶطˣĿƣ¶ڴ
˵һԾ˭ܹȡʤ
ȻǶط
ǳϫ
˶ִڳĬҲò׼һԾУ˭ǿһЩˡ
ֻһܽһֶԾˣ
ȻӯӯĬĬΣȻϣܹȡʤϣܹյĵһΪһ۵ȵĵһˣ
һҪӮ
˿̣޺ۡ𾣡ˮҲɽ
ʦһԵģ
ͼɡૡ

ս
ϫͶطңңš
˿ɫԶƽԽԽܹܵΪһսʤ˱Ȼ᲻ϧһУ
Ͼһսʵ̫ؼ˭Խ뵽һԾУȥǵһ֮λ
ʶǳϫǶطΪһУԼκε©Ҳ顣
ϫּˣϵ֮ǰڵʱ֮һԾƻվǰΣɲᷢκˡ
طڣβ¶һſ֮գѴݣԺǹеĹŰϾʽȻͬ
òҪ⡣
ϫȻԼ࣬ʵû˼ͶԷϻ
٣ǾҼʶʶ˫֮ɣ
ЦУطӰһչȻޱȵĽԣÿһƷ˿ΪɫԶԶȥһƽս㣬ʢĿ֮
ˣ
ӣϢ̫ͷųһɬĵġ
һɲǼ䣬ط£죡
ৣৣ
ͬʱϫ˫һسͽ֣һְɫʥһ϶ء
һ֣һȻĪƥϢٿȻӳϫ
¡¡
δʼ֣ͷųѹײһ𣬲ɲĺʱΪ֮ұ顣
ǵȳ˺ɣһЩѰ֮УƾѹԽɱ
ͻ̫ţУԾǬ
طһХӰӿգǰ̫۳һҳȻ£⡣
ԶԶȥͺССһҳУ£ڽӳʮɽӣ
̫ҳǬԣǧתҫ죬һʩչܹѹ
£Ǭ֮˲ã
طʶϫСһ֣ʩչɱﵣ
һڴ𺳡
䣡
գǧٿ¸֣һޱȿµѹ֮У籩ۣ֮ܿƵرѹҪ˵Ͻ޾Ԩɱ
һɣѹֻ֮һ˲ͻᱻĨɱˡ
ϫˮ籩ɨܵطһĿ£ԥӰһݡ
ৣ
һ̣ʩչҡڤ֮ϣʵ֮䣬Ӱʧ
죡죡죡˼Ŀ죡
ϫӰڲʮ֮һ˲䣬һѹ򳡵֣˫һɱ
سƮ̣׽
ư嫺ȥ
ȻͬĽڴ˿ȴֳͬķԣʱУֳɲ֮
¡¡
ײ쳹һʱ֮䣬Χմ촷ۣײɽХػҡ
Ȼȼҳͻ֮£˾ǲ£˭Ҳûռˣ
ߣ
һߣطâ籡ִ̫飬ԣ̤ʱգٴɱ
һйϻɬĵĸ֣Ƶƽꪣӯϵϣһ֮ȫһ鱦
ڴˣϫֳ˫ʩչ֮ɱ
սʽҲı䣬ӲӲƾչٶϵͻһĨ翵Ӱӣʵʵ֮䡣
ޣٶȡһ
ؾĳϫǽص㷢ӵ˼£ǿǿܡ
طķƿ̫飬嫣ųжȣˮ
һ縡ӰֲݣطĹƽ޹ͬģϫĹҲûܹƿطķ
ƺѰʵһսԲѷɫǻͿȻһսҪԵøΪպͼҡ
Ϊһʼս޲ԼǿֶΣͷųҲǿƾס
£һ޵ѿĿѣ˺
û뵽̫龹죬ҪƿԷֻҪķһЩʱˡ
սУϫһֱѰʱȴһʱ޷쵽һнԶΪ̫̫죬ɣ̺ѱˡ
ϫǲż̫ǿѽΪ鱦Ľģ
ϫȣطҲǰԾû뵽ϫս֮ǰչֳĻҪǿһЩֹ˫ǿĪ⣬ҲƮ֮
һٶȿ죬ҽˣʩչ̫ҳĵҲκβȥֻ»ҵĵϸױ¶ǻǼһŵ
ĻӮ˳ϫһڽĶԾУҲȻᱻǻռȻ
ֻʩչһֶˣ
طӿ֮䣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
䣡
ȻӰһ٣Ⱪӿӳĵһħ㡣
ͬʱжһ֧ߣͨӨӵʣʷУŻ⣬â֮֡
ʣ
ԪУѩüͷײһ¡
һɲֹѩҲϳ˴˱ȻǴԺеһ񱦡ʣ
ô֮⣡
˱ʵʹã죬һ̫һʹãȴԱܣ


1890 ֮
֮ʺ̫ศɵһ񱦣
ѩѩӵµһ񱦷ǱѰԺԺսʱرĪ⡣
йһ񱦵Ĵ˵ǲ֪
ˣҲڶطʱ޵߲Żֵ֮𺧡
Ϊ˭Ҳû뵽ԺԺὫر뽻и˶طʹã
Ͼط˵ã㣬֮Ժеĵ۾λվһء
ȴܻرд˱ԿԺԺ˴β۵ȼ˶ĺ

ͣ
طһֳ̫飬һִʣһգдƪ¡
һ˲䣬һڹġְָգɢһֻɬ䡢ţҪµƣ
һ̣սϵʱա⻪һж·𱻽ֳһֹļž״̬
˽Զһһ֣ȴӡ㣬ӵɲƣ
ˣģ񷨣ӣѻԺߴ֮
ѩüëһֱзһĨζʲô⣬һطɳгһձصԺԺ֮ϯλ
ˣ
ڶطʩչֵͬʱϫнȻһĨĲɢ
񹂷ܼĹ꣬Ϊظתơ±ǨȵȺ󣬲ڽܣƽص仯һһֳ
ܻ֮
һĻһ֣ս֮⣬ҲһĨľޣĿô컯ǨС
һﶼɫһ䣬аԳԾʲô񱦣֮ƣΪ֮ǰδŹ
ǽΪ鱦֮Ľܣ
ԭһַȫͬ߱ܵǱ
ϫԡ̥طһɱ鱦֮󣬽ֿ֮ܣܻɣ
ܻ֮У֮ݼֹɱˣҿͨƷʵ
ȫ鱦Уܹ߱ܵģҲҲҲǽΪ鱦֮Ϊǿĵط
ʱһĻѩжסһĨ̾СʦѷΪ鱦ɽУδӵй飡
Ǻ
Ҳ۾һ˿죬ȻɽķͬϫеķӦý鱦Ŷԣ
Ҫ֪鱦ǵڻУܹƳô£
̥
һɲЩھ뵽ԭнס
򷨣
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һжɲǼɣʱطǳХһתһö֣ѹ¡
ˡ
һڵâɢ֮ʱձӰԽԶһ
һŵϢٿȻսһױȵٶȳϫȥ
Ƕطɱﵣ˿ʩչΪ˴ƽ־棬һٽϫ֮ǰǰͶԷȥ
ৣ
ͬʱϫܻһؽηģܼڽܣԶԶһһ̴ֱļ¸о
ǽܻ֮
ݳϫ⣬̺ƻΪͬ
ڣԷʩչ֮ģҪɱڳϫϫķӦͺܼ򵥡ƽ
ȻȻأܻķľ;߱ǿĻɱ֮ϫǽؾĽΪټĽƥһнţʽǽһƷӵ˼¡
䣡
һɱȥһڽ͵һ𵴣ɢٶȶʱͣ
ţ
طһüתȫеġ˺ݣͷųڽĳӣƺƵս΢΢
ǳϫһδɢܻԽԽġƽӽ֮ϣٴ
¡
һӣߵĹڰнײԣϯ˻ϡ
ˣϫɣسȻն
һкµʱգݺݳɱȥ
ء
˫£һɲǼ䣬һ̶ޱȵı쳹أǰŵġ˲ķѣɢ١
ط⧲֮£ҲǱӰһģѪݡ
ÿɲ
Ĳ޲ڳϫһǿ
ôܣ
ԪУӽסгһ̣ͻһȻֹ
ΪһɲǣڤŤͷĿ⵭ĮϵƳһֻۣһȴóӶʱ
Ǻǣϵ£һнпܡ
ˣѩЦѡ
ߣʤδĻĪҪ̫硣
ڤ
Ǿͼս
ѩЦЦ벻ΪȻʵУҲΪ̾Сʦܵı֣ʵԤϡ

ʲô
طɫأɲ޷ԼʣδѹƶԷ
ɳԤ
ˣȻ㡣
˵ʱϫӰһ˫ٴɱ
ߣΪҾЩֶΣ
طɫһ̫˵һкһصģЩıʼԦдŹ
٣


촣
ն
ŴһĳɱϫÿһöĶ߱ͬ
ԶԶȥһööľͺһǿߣϳͷųܡ
Ȼһ̵Ķطѱŭ׶ɱģһһʽΪĪ⣬ٲȻһҪһϫѹļơ
ֶٶ࣬Ҳͽ͡
ϫ߷һĨȣʮͬҲٱ̤˫ݺգӭϡ
䣡
١֮ıն顣
䣡
֮ıն顣
䣡
֮ıն顣
һھĿע£ֻϫ㣬һ·ݿ࣬ƾطʩչɱУҲϫһһ˲ϫ˿
෴ŽطɫҲһųϫͺһʶԷһ㡣
̫ˣ
ϫʱչֵսȵսʱֹǿһֱһ˰㡣
һеı仯ʱ˶طһֲõҲǾŭӡ
һֹ̣Ƕط޵߿һĻʱҲסĿɿڴ
ǿǶطǴ˴۵ǿĴڣиƿ̫飬ȿ񱦣£һ㶼κβóϫĽ
֮ǰ˭õ
һ˶
ǻૣüëһȻ֣ԼЩ͸Ǹϫˡ
ԭȷ˲
ֹ۵ȵһֱעһԾϫ޿ƥаĽ̬ʱҲסһء
ףԼһԾĲԩϫԤĻҪǿ̫ˣ


1891 ΪѪ
˲ʵ˲𡣡
ȻһĻҲһĨп۵֮ǰϵóϫȴȻûԷ
˭뵽һһŴ漣ʱߵǿԾУ
ֹǿȻ޵ߴ˿Ҳ޷ƽʮǰɽʵ̫ǿˣ

սڳ
Ųϱƽĳϫطɫˮ޷򶨡
߾ȫѧת£ŨŨĳʢ֣֮
У̫鲻ʲϹգͷųһܼصġ
ÿһöģ߱ɲ֮ܣԸѰ񾳴ڣɱ֮
ɴʱڳϫɱ£Щȴһٶն顢촷ۡɢ޷˵ϫ˿
ʱƣϫսԵ޼᲻ݣɱ֮ơ
ҲõöطɫԽѿǲƵطһĨŭ
ˣԺӡӣͳܳ콾ս壬ܻᱻˣ
طȣĿѣŭգҧԼӵ˼£ٲȻһƴģ
޷ʧܣľʹֹһֶԾ֮ǰ
䣡
սУϣ׳գХϯܣʱձң֮
ɾ£ɿϫǾεӰڲǰδҡҲδͣ͹һУ߽ⶫطķߡ
һ̣˭ܿطûиֶΣעŤת档
˿̵һֻеĳΣͷ
Сһ
һΣӲδڤ̲סдһ˿⡣
ܹһͨﶼˣд˿ɼϫչֳս֮졣
ɽˣս
ѩ΢΢һЦ
ߣ
ڤһһĬ
֮ǰǻ˭ϫҪһԾô
Ů洹ѩȴƲŹڤĻᣬƿڣҿϫɲֹܽһԾһҲȻᱻá
ûֱԳϫԻõһ˼Ǳ¶š
ڤüŰϵϷһĨɫգδ˵ʲô
ʤδһΪʱ磬ѩĪҪſڿӡ
̫ϽӵЦɳƵͳ
ǲſڿӣ۵Ƚʱһ֪
ѩΪȻԵúƽ
Ҳڴһ̵
ӵɱĴǵпκ

սϡ
ۼϫѱƽطѳ׻ˣһ̫ת£Ʈǧģ۳һƪΪݺɱȥ
Ҫ
ϫɨ˶ԷһۣسնȫͬĹ켣
䣡
һƪӲնϡãΪ걬顣
ͬʱطܷɣ׻㣬͵صɳȥϰɣһſƥŤ
ⲻܣ
طſһھѪʱʼ͸Ⱦʺ͸ǡ
ৣ
йգ۳һѪɫĵģһѪнȾƥ
Сӣϧ
ڤü
ÿֲΪѪҪʲô
޵߾
һ㹻вѰ۾ˡ
ٵ۾Ĳע⵽˶طһĿɲӦеܣ
˺㣬ΨѪᣬԶ£
͸޾ŭĴУطͫѪħʣն𣬺ݺһ
¡¡
һ˲䣬һƪһܼѪɫɵĵӳֿУƬ񷶼ȾѪɫؼ쳹ʥͱ𡢴ŭƵ𵴾ʮأõ粻޵߻һ𣬲ڵء
һ죡
һϫ۾͵һзһĨ产֮â
س
سλãУͨӿſɲĻ
ৣ
һ𣬺է֡
һĨ̻һݵƣٿȻӿգʧ
޵ûһգʧȥһЩʲôеһޱȵıŤ
һ˲һĸоʧ
Ȼ󡪡
һ˱Ļ濪ʼҰݡ
ѪɫһֹĻûκε˿̣һ֮диѪɫпһֱѷ졣
ѷľͷǶط
һжĵģûײҲûûԷĺʱžĿ¡
Ȼ󡪡
䣡
һиΪľֹƣ飬촷ۣһɿֲĺ
ڳ޵һѪޱȡ
òٴﶼƤһ¶һĨ
ùԪЩڣ۾ɫһ
һУɼµľµĶﵽһǰδеĳ̶ȡ
޵ֻǰһսͱããһƬϼ֣ҲеһС
һУ˭ˣ
޷ϣʼնûпϫʩչһʲôӣ
ˡ
ΨԪУһ̾Ժڤ

ܿ죬̳ɢ
սָƽȻ˾Ϳϫֽ˾ΣһԶѹĳǹ
Զطڵأͷɢղ԰ףأԹһ˿Ѫա
ˣҾȻˣǰС
һ̵Ķطʧǣͫ޹⣬иһĨͻʧ䡣
̾ϢƳһ۳ϫһס֮ܵģ
˵գת뿪
ڴˣϫĬƬ̣ǿ԰еɱųһԶط뿪ıӰҡҡͷתҲ뿪
Ѱ̺žȻ֮вԻԥɱԷ
۵ȣҲֻܽһмС
طΪλ˺ԼֹΪԼƻϺԺ֮ĺΪԼɽˣ
Ͼ֪ɽԺ֮Ĺϵ̫Ͻһͬˮ

Ӯˣ
һΣǳϫӮˣ
˼飬˼鰡طľҲгϫ𲻹ʮɽˡ
һ˭ˣһ̺ʲôһپͽطˣδ̫˼˰ɣ
ֻе۾βܿһЩߡϾȽ֮Ѳҵܹš
ϫǸ˿͸ţ·۵û޷쵽飬ʵ𾪡
ĿһԾĻ޵߳޷򶨣ȻоǾ̾
УͼɡԡȻ޺ۡ𾣵ȵȺͳϫϵǳģ˿̸ϲ֮Ƶػ
һԾĻҲζţϫѳΪһһֶԾĴڣ
ò˶ãǵһλþͻǻ֮䵮


1892 Ƥͼ
Ԫ
ڤĬ֪طܽܣɵۿһĻʱһʱҲЩȻ
ɽСһǿ
ѵ̫ϽԣΪھκͼߣӵų󼰵ܣ
Ī⣡
湻ġ
ڤ̾˿
һç֮µռʮ
ԺµԴû뵽λɽСѵĵΪҲزˡ
ȷĽС
ѩͷ
ߣç֮һˣΪɱֻӵϹ֮⡣
̫ϽӵߵӵĴУɲʲô£
ڴˣѩֻЦЦ֮硣
λ˴۵֮ҪһһǽֻΪ´˷ֳһߵ
ȻµڣǱׯأĿⶼ˹
Ͼͽչһ۵ĶԾһ˭ңҲܿͻҿ𰸣ڴʱ̣λһͼó
µ˵ţóһƹϵƤǰϡ
ƤֻӤƴСͨҝۣܲȴӿһɬ޷ŵݡ
ѩѩᡢӡڤȵ޷쵽һ
ˣѩЦѹʱ
˵ţͬóһƤͬƶϣɬĲ
ܿ죬Ĭһ㣬ѩҲóһƤ
ߣȥɣ
ڤвʣջһóһƤֱӸն˲µ
ȻԼѳԵһ۵ԾǻõһǳϫõһվҪƤ
ΨӵĬãɳƳ۵ȽϷԻύ
µˣҲǿЦҲãֻӵͼǣŵеһڣǵ弫Լһ۵Ƚ۽ΣɶҪġ
ӵĮȻͷȻ

УϫϥھĵϢ
ܶطõҲЩԲҺãδܵʲôơ
񣬾һ۵Ծʱʱ䣬ճϫƲ⣬ʱ㹻Լ״̬׻ָ۷塣
һ࣬ǻͬڴ
ֻȴݳϫ߱ս
֮ǰϫͶطһԾǻУԳϫչֳսͬеЩԲ׼
裬ôʱʼĬĬҪϫжֶΣ
Ϊȫ涴ϫһϫڵеıҲһһϴһ˿ϸڡ
Ⲣ˵ǻѲɵѽϫͷŴпԴȶ֣Ҫһʧˣ
ϾѽʣһԾҪͷСһ򱶣Ҳֵá
ǳϫǻ꣬ԶĿɫƽΪһԾ׼
磬˿ǻȻһƬڶͬ⼴һԾУ˭Ц
ܿ죬һ۾ͱһϢתע
ʲôλڸóһ鱦Ϊ˴۵ȵһĽ
޼鱦¡Ǭ졢սꪡ顭鱦ɽԶǴƾõƷѰ鱦ɱȣ
ֱʣǴֱʣ֮ǰ֣һ۵ôûнԭ弫׼
˴ǳϫǻֻ꣬Ҫ˵һɾͳĴӮңֹ£ΪϹϵ񾳵һˣһԻ񱦵Ľֱգһ˫ã
죬ȷκε۾ۺ졣
ȫȻԶϢ𺳣鱦еƷֵ֮󳬳κ˵
ҲΪϢõ޵߶һ۵Ծڴˡ
ΨʯЩղųлΪϫȡʤ˶طõĶעһӮ˸ֹջѺעʱ鱦ͬʱһѸ䱦
ֵ֮󣬾Բڶ׬鱦
һк۵ȵһĽһȣʱС׼ˣֵһɹ
ҲãѾûбҪٸһϷִ˴ζӮıˡ
ʯԳһЦǱʶΪϫһȡʤͬҲһԻ񱦵Ľ
ǶѵΣûκɡ

ʱ
һ۵ڿʼ
ԪǰԼ࣬ƺ˶ѶһԾѾãʶδκηϻֱ۵ʼ
ৣৣ
ͬһʱ䣬еĳϫǻӰһһսС
ңңš
һʱ֮䣬ԶȻֹճţжһֽɱŵζ
˶۾սϢΨִκһϸˡ
һսǴ˴۵һԾ
һսҲյĵһѡ
ӹɣһս˭ʤ˭ܣؽʷᣬϹʷŨīزʵһʣ
ԹԪеһڴԣһսǷǱѰǣйػŵе֮صƤ
սɣ
ûжԻṳ̂̽սϵһ̣ǻһˡ
һͷѪѪͫ䣬ᡢ顢ĮȻ֮ϢҲ˼£ܹ֮ȣƣֱ֮⣬ǿƵ˼¡
䣡
δ£ǻѺȻƿһɫУɱʱٿȻ˺ѣױڣֶ֮ϯ
Ǻɫա̫Ͻ̵ر֮һĪ⣬ſʥ֮ףħ֮꣡
ৣ
ͬʱϫҲնգģʢĿ
һΣδʹسΪԸǻȼĶ֣سѷһ޷ٷӳ㹻
ʹһͬһôǾǿóϫȫһױ
䣡
߶Աң嫺İ
ն
ʽϣǻӰһӣͣնйЮƥɱ֮ٴɱ
ߣ
ϫ۾ɫĮȻֽͶԷɱһ𣬼档
䣡
䣡
䣡
̶Ƭ̣ѽֲϰٴΣţ貶ˡ
طڣ۷ۣսɱ棬ִӵɱ֮ϣ
һԾһʼսݳһļҳױȣ
ݹ֮ǰκһԾۼҺͿɲ޷һսԱȡ
Ϊստʼǳϫǻ꣬ԶûκαԼɱһһʩչ
ÿһɱУ޲̺ųεܣһɲǼ䣬ɱǿߣ


1893 Ų
䣡
ʱձ飬ǻѪ裬նһЮɫֶ棬նɱȥ

ȣٿȻ֣סһбһ٣ѹȥ
ǻӰˣ޳Ȼһڰ׷Ḷ́תݡ
񱦡̣
ৣ
һöɫڿգһֺɫգ龭γճϫֶȥ
ϫͫȻһУӰ˸ƾʧԭء
¡һӰʧԭվλȻһɫռݡ
ǺɫԣһöɫԶԶȥ֮ͷųɲѹ޿ɺİơ
ৣৣৣ
ϫܶ㿪ǻƲ⣬жͣתһſӡ
ɫء
ɫɱ䡣
һſźڰݺύճһֱʱѺۣɱʮء
ԶԶȥͺǻ껯ΪһʥǬΪ֣Ժڰӷ¡
ϫеܣȴ޷
壬ִڰߣöһ֣УֻܱΧˣ
̵Ŀɲ֮
ৣ
Ƭ̣һźɫ£һֳȹ̡
ʮš
ʮš
һٰˣһٰʮһݺύ棬ظӳͷųɲԡ
ϫѳױУ
ȥͺһƬڰ׽ɭ磬ʧУ޷
ĿһУ޵߶ס𺧲ѣ̫ɲ
ɱ
ǻ괽ǷһỊ̃ԭֲսоֹһſźڰӣȻ˵Ĺ󣬿ʼƶ
䣡
ÿһκڰӽһɿɲĻ촷ʱգǿ˵˼¡
һ̵ǻ꣬壬һֱĪףڰӱƿأɱ֮У϶Գϫѹ
أ
³ϫܣУжܵ˼ľޣ⧲֮£Ǻڰһһɱȵĵ˲ֹδˣȴǱ֮
Ǳò
޵߾ģΪϫǲѡ
䣡
ɽƬ̣һα˵ĳϫ͵һߣнٿȻһƮܻΪһС
ˡ
ٴһԺڰɱλͷƣ͵طһһɿɲ˺סһ˲ǽУʧ
ţ
ǻؼ䣬â䣬һӡ
ʮԺڰݺύ˷ϫΧɱ׽ϫһ·
ˡˡ
ɰŽգһ첨ɢʮԺڰͱĽһһɵ
ֹû˺ϫɣϫеĽǿ󣬽зõĹԨƿû£
ף
һƬš
һܹ鱦֮ΪãƵ鱦
̫ϽӵǻǵȻһУһ˵ĺɫâ
ӵõ鱦ʵ֪Ҳֻڶġ«ӵãǼʧС
µҲȴڣɫɫ鱦ܹϫнǰ㣬߱õģȴԵú֮
һ̥ܹ۳һֶܣʵϣƴ˱ʱиָ㡣
ѩҲ͸һĨ͡
µĲɱΪ鱦ʱϰڵһط޷쵽һˡ
һ̣ѩͬаҲЩ⣬Ȼû뵽ԼλСʦܾӵϻԵˡ
ƾ߱ܣԶԶѰ鱦Կһ֮ͨ

̵
һɲǻҲ˲ףһݣıԡ
¡
ڴʱеĳϫ͵һλðĽУϯ˷
һɲǣеĺڰһȻ飬׻Ҳ֮
أ
ܷɣǻ͵һѪһ󷭹ܵĲѪ
ৣ
ôʱϫֽٿȻնɱ
ǻˣü֮ȻһֻĿĮȻ͸޾ϡ
Ǵۣ֮
ವһĿȻһҝĹ⣬һš
ϫ͵һͣܵһֿɲϮ㡣
ںͿȻĶԾʱǻƾһУһٻ⧲ĿȻ
ʱһĻٴݣ
һӣ޵ߵĶϫܵס
ն
ǻնӿգһֲ˼ٶٿȻгϫʺ
죡
̫ˣ
ʵӳϫƿɱǻ꣬ٵһɲǣǻȻʩչǴۣ֮ȻһϵеĶգۼ䣬Ī⣬˵˼¡
ʱϫӰͣͣǻɱǴﵽһڿǰյĵز
ǧһһߵķΧõ޵еϢӲ
ۼһɫնüޣȻϫȻһ˵â
ৣ
һ̣н糤۾㣬һӲһ
ˣ޵߶סһģǱȳϫš
Ȼһպǻ꾹ƲϲԤϵһа㣬ſ͵һѪɫƥϫűȥ
ѪɫƥȻһϸޱȣͨʺ͸ķɽ
ʷ֮죬֮ͻأõ޵߶Ӧ
ɳϫȴҲѲһӣԽХöӲӵ䱦ͭǮո֣ƷΣһöѪɫɽӲǰ
䣡
ײ쳹ɲϯǻͳϫӰֿ
һϵб仯˵ǱĪ⣬䲻⣬һĻʱһ޵߶ס
̫ǿˣ
̶գۼ䣬ݵһĻĻֱƾף˼
ϫǻ֮ĲɱǴﵽһֲ˼ĸ߶ȣ
˭Ҳû뵽ǻɱвֻǴۣ֮һڿеѪɫɽ
ͬ˭Ҳû뵽ϫǴ֮ţ׼䱦ͭǮΪӦֶΡ
һһնԾֱЩǶסͷ̾ѡ
һսδʹ˽
ѲµǴ֮۵κβң׼һɽͼ䲻Ϯɱң
ϫƽڣӿ
¶һ롣
ǻɫ飬һУпܲ˵㡣ԭҲ޴˴㡣
˵ţкȻһɬѶĵ
Ϳԭڳϫǰö䱦ͭǮܵٻһ㣬ǳǻǱȥ
ҵĿģΪջ̫Ͻ̵أ
ǻ괽ǷһĨŲߵЦݣԵ֮
ԭˣƣֻǿϧδ̫Сĳˡ
ϫҲЦˣ˵ʱ³һ֣


1894 ŤתǬ
һ֣ǻɲǼһβ׵Ļ䡣
ڵһжʱǻһͶطһһ׷ɱϫ
ڰ;ϣȴϫԱһ鱦⧲֮£һٱ̭һͬ顣
Ȼַͬڳϫµġ˼֮⣬ԭǻǵսԽݿ壬ϧʱ̣ϫٴʩչԱ鱦ֶΣһֲ
һбҵõʱǻѳϫ޵˹Ϊܴ衣
˿̣ԭŲߵǻۼͽջö䱦ͭǮɾڴ˿̣ϫзһ֣ʱһɫ΢䡣
ৣ
ǻĸҳɣ䱦ͭǮ˲ջأʶؾͳԶܡ
һ̡
ö䱦ͭǮδը
ϫЦأһ˻
ɶ
ϵˣ
ǻɫһѪͫӿ޾ɱ
Ļ뵽һԾУϫˣСϷֱǿɶ֮

һıʣõ޵Ҳס޷󣬽һ֣ǻ˴Ӧ
עһ޵ȴǺǻôҲ֮С
ϾϫܹԱ鱦ֶ̫ˣɱҲޱȣ˵ǻ꣬Щ۾ڶⲻâ
ߣСͷֶοɲʣ
ԪеӵߣɳƵ͸һ˿á
ѡǴ֮ۡǿԹµڣֶοǸʡ
ѩȻڣλضԣǶ޷޷Ǵ֮ġ
ӵǵȻޱȣѩ˰첻ɲ̫Ͻ̴˰첻ѩ⻰˵̫ˣ
һʱ֮䣬еնȻɱޱȡ
ѩȴƻȻȻǷϣ̫ϽԼӣñ£ѩȻɱʦĦ٣ͬҲɱ㣬ţһԡ
Դƽȴ͸һ
һϯõӵܲĲһ类ŭʨһɿɲ֮ɭȻϢ
һŭǺֱ
ôϷǺһԣѩܷ쵽
ӵһһ٣޷ɱ
̫ϽǰʱһʦĦٸ𣬿ϧȴ̫ϽֹõʱѩˣҲֻס
Ϊѩһϯ񱻽ҿĵ˰̰㣬õӵ޷̡
һ̣Ҳ۾ɫͬ
λĪ˴˴۵ȵĿģһгԹҪ𣬳ǲҵԺ
ȻһӯϵٿȻڴӴ㣬еɱһɨա
ȻǵԺԺԿˣ
ȻǰڣǲҲӡ
ѩЦЦƵᡣ
ߣ
ӵɫòһߣ
ˣµ˿淢ִֻҲ޷ֹ
Һã˵ǵԺԺһλԺɽ֮ˡ̫ϽԺ

Сܿ͹ȥδӰ쵽սеĶԾ
¡¡
ϫǻԾһɱңս˷زһһĩհĺ󣬻ҶһƬ
һ̣ǳϫǻԶӵųԼսܡ
ʶսʱԶκα
գ
ֲ

ң
һԾ޵ֱ۵ӡԶԶ֮ǰκһԾ
ǶطȻӡԵˣҲòϣǳϫǻ꣬ȷҪǿһЩ
ǿ󣬲ָΪϵĸߵͣۺսϡ
˵硢Ϊս־սֶΣõ񱦣޲Զﵽ۷嶥ĲΣ
һЩ۾ڿĳϫǻ꣬Կ羳Ѱ۾Ծˣ
ΣעһǰδУŽĶԾΪ۷һս
ͨսջʤһˣȻҲϹ񾳲εĵһˣ
񾳵һˡ
һҫ
˶û뵽ǣһԾʱ䣬ٳٷֲ

սڶ졣
ǻʩչһΪֶ̫ϽϴУһٻ˳ϫѪȾ¡
ͬʱǻҲϫһˣпѪ
ȫ𺧡
ΪһԾҪĻʱȴ˺ˣսײУ类ŭսҲԵҡ
ս졣
Ʒ΢΢仯ǻ꾹ʼռϷ磬óϫһֱһֱѹƵ״̬һýΣ
һжǻʩչһط
طʩչ֮󣬾ܹ񣬴Ӷ޵ߵսԵǿ֮
ڴط£õǻռơ
۳ϫȴƺǭ¿
ɳϵأ±һѹƣΣɳϫȴڷ˼ϵһʯһʱҲܽݿ塣
ս졣
ϫԽԽΣգ˶Ϊذɡ

սУǻħ񣬴ݿ࣬ѹͶ㣬ͷųޱȵơ
˿̵ĳϫȾѪ忡΢΢ףѱƵӰսıԵ
⣬Ƭ̣ͻᱻ˳սܡ
ϫѱذɣ
һȣǻͣնзâȼŵĻ棬ǵسϫɱȥ
һɲ޵߶ס۾Ķᵽɤۡ
㡢ͼɡԡȻ޺ۡ𾣡ˮ˸ǵǵ˼£Ӳ
¡¡
ɫâ֣ۼҪ׸ǳϫɾڴʱ䶼ôӳϫϱ
һݵĿɲϢٿȻӳϫõһɲǼ䣬Ʊһˡ
˿̵ȾѪɫ԰ףվȣƾϣַ
һɶĿϽΪ꣬ٿȻܣӳĵֱһеۻʣѲ߮£ɽӣ
ۻʼ
˾
䣡
ɻ˷ӦһɲײһƬɫâһ˲䱻촷ۣ١
ڵǻͬʮɽƣ͵رõɳȥнס³һѪ
ۻʼ㡭Ҳӵд˵ȵ
ϵƣԶԶ޷ȵǻе𾪣ԭ϶סһĨȻ֮ɫ
ۻʼ
һ̣ݾеĳϫͻȻչϮһŤתƣǻˣһ޵߶׻㣬
׿ǰս̸͵ĶԾУΪǻʩչġõƣϫѹơ
ڸղһɲǣ˶Ϊϫذɡ
˭뵽ʮ𼱵ĹͷϫһŤתǬΪģ
һڵǻ꣬Ѫ
̫˼ˣ
Щȣȫ޵߽Զ˼ǣϫӵеһۻʼ


1895 ɵ
ۻʼ
ؼΨһԽƷۼϵֻҪ޵ӵͬ޵еǱܣ
˵񾳴ڣֱۻʼ
֮ǰ˽ԶҹϸܵӵеۻʼĿɲ֮˭뵽ϫҲһۻʼ
ˣ֮䣬ֵܻڶۻʼ
޵𺳣޷һоô¡
ΨҹϸԪӴһۻʼȻϫģԪһۻʼ
Ȼˡ
˿̣ҹҲסипһμϫʱͱܵظܵ˳ϫĲԷźԼһϢ
Ȼһжڳϫһۻʼ

ç֮ȷһۻʼֻû뵽ȴá
ԪУµʲôȻ
ӣصĺ
ӵɳ͸һĨ塣
ѩȴЦˣЦѰζ

սУ˿̵ĳϫۻʰ㣬ͨϽ֮һ־µ̬
䣡
ûǻľУһȻչ˷нһϽɫӶͣ˵ϣѹġ
һ˲䣬Ƭط״ŭţǬ˲ɫͬĩ١
꣡
һ׵գϽ̫ŻгγնϣƬ
Уѷ飬续˺һ㡣
Ǿ죬ۻʼ˿ɲ
¡
ǻҲʶأ͵̤նͷѪ裬̫Ŵħ㣬һնת£һ¡
ɽɲǼ䣬Ĺͱѹ飡
ء
ǻ⧲֮£ѪЩնͷ­
ⲻܣ
ǻͷɢɫֶ֮ţ״衣
ۼղžҪһٻϫȴǽҪͷȱʣþƶȻתϫһ٣ٶѹƣĸſԸͬκζֵǻԣֱһĪ衣
ճװˣôɾͳϫ˴۵ȣ뵽ıȻǳϫƣ
ԼΪʯгϫսǺεȵı
ˣϫǾͳͬ޵еĵһˣ
⣬ͬǻ޷ܵģ
䣡
һĨϽɫĽٴɱգͻ
صһǻٴαɣÿһëѪȾ͸½ɫʹŤ
ȫȻ
һ̵ĳϫֱ񲻿ƥУңǸۻʰƣ˱
ΪͿԻ𣿡
ȻѱѹƵǻȻһ֮͸žȻζ
ƺĳ
һɲ˵һͷٿȻһ⣬ɫʺɣ뵣ֱ֮⣬ʮƣ
ɵ⣡
˾Ȼɫ䣬ϳǻʩչģһֵںɻе⡣
Щڻеoڽ۾ǰȻռһƺɵڣΪľڳ۾ʱͳĵ۾
ֻŻ翪٣ţɵҲ䣬Ѳڡ
˭뵽ǻ꾹Ҳӵһƺɵ⣿
ֱ̫˼飡

Ԫеӵһ̾ϢΪǻ˿̼ɵеֵ
ʱѩɫطһ˿ء
ɵ⣬ȿزĵ۾ͬҲͷųһʩչԸǿߴԵĴ


ɵһսжʱһɻϢرڣҹ
һɹӿǻȫȣӳĵֱƴӻ߳һλo㡣
ԭΪ۾ʱ׼ֻҪܻ㣬ϧ
Уǻ͵һӶһɵȻ񶯣һѣش󶯵緢ɲѡ
ҡضսҡ
ãؼʱ˳֣սȹ̣Ӷй硣
սеһУûôˣϱ𡢱顢촷ۣޱȵ粻赲һϯųϫǶȥ
Ǻɵ̫ɲĿʢŵԣʮֵǣ˲ֱ޲ԶԶӱܶȥ
ϫӵеۻʼҲעҪܣ
ǻѪ裬һѪͫѪɫâǧɣںɵ£Եضֲ
ڴʱ̣Ӳٲ㣬Ϊεӿ뵽ǻڡ
֮ϲ֮
ɵһõǻǽõĪϣٲȻһѹ˵ƣ
һӣǻεһֿǰ¾أ绯֮ͽҪþ
ʣ˿̵ǻǿֲģƥ߸ϣ˫ֵ޽ӵдݿһУﲻƵ
ϫΣӣ
˵ĸоиܵǻ˿̵Ĳͬ
򣡡
Ѿãǻһޣ
¡
һĨɵգϣѹʮ
ĲӹܵһּɵЩ۾ﶼ¶죬
˶оϫ鷳ˣǡ
Ȼһ̣ϫҲȻ
չӶ񹂣ͨⱻϽɫâӯϷܵӨӨ񣬲Ȼԡ
ڣڵۻʼǱܳױȫת
һ˲䣬ϫȫ죬ϽͻͣɱӣֱһϽգҫĿ
ৣ
ִϫһնȥ
ãɫ䣬Ӳ޷ʱ̳ϫѡȥӲ
ͼɡԵ˸ǽŵ˼£鲻Խս˫ȭ
˶óϫ˾ٲףҪ鷳ʱ𺳵һĻ
ƻֺ֮꣬ĺɵ⣬Ȼһ㡣
أ
ţһ챬һĨϽĽֱһĨɵ⡣
⣡
˶סôĺɵôƽˣ
ֱţĿ࣬Ԥȫһ
ֹˣǻ˿Ҳ׻ͷųĸ罩̣Ȼ˥
Ѿõǿһֽ㱻һٴݿ壬ܽˡ
ôᡭ
ǻ˷ŭı޾Ȼ⡣
ܣ
˻Ŀѣôô
ǰô
˶޷
ʱϫٲȻۻʰǰδеǿ󣬶һ޶ӵжŽ˭֮š
䣡
ޱ޷ϻȫǻȫɱ
ǻľɫ䣬ٴۺɵ⣬ͼ赲һ
ֻҪһ˿ԭ֮ǰһƺɵⱻ飬۵ٶȣԶԶ޷ֵϳϫٶȡ
䣡
춯صһײϫһǻڿѪӺɳȥ


1896 ޿ɱȼ
ǻ걻ɣڿѪ
ţսҪݣϫͬһۻʣ޿ƥе̬ÿһնǬ
أأأ
̫ɲգۼ䣬ųϫӽʱձ飬ǻ걻⣬ÿֵһ˶ȳһѪ
ңңģҡ
˶壬ŵؿһУϫʮڷ磬ˣһһݿ࣬ûκλڵʽԾԵɱ֣
ǻһһˣѪԳסֲֿɱ
ǳϫս
˶ȻֱëȻ
˿̵ĳϫ֮ʢٲȻǹڳκһ۵ߵı֣Ψһ޿ɱȼ磬˸޷ܹӵȿǰսˡ
ϹУҲһܹϫ񾳴ڣ
ôܣ
Ԫеӵڤѩµ˿̶¶ݣд˲֮ɫ
̩ɽǰɫǴʱȴһ𺳣ɼϫչֳս˺εȴ𺳡
ʵҲˣǵ۾ڷӳԲ˳Ծ
ɹؼǣϫɽֻ۷徳ڣ
̫˼ˡ
ϹŶĴһʱ֮˵ϫߵزֱǶŽǰδУ

ѩҲ૲ѣΪʦ֣ҲǵһμʶϫȫһʱҲǾ̾ѡ

ۣ
սУǻٴαɣˣѪ죬˥սҲ
ȥǱϲɣ
Բۻ֮
ͬʱЩʲôţԶסһĨ㱡
һȱ©޹֮Բ񾳣ɱֵļԪӦ߸ǿ󡭡
磬ɫʶʲô˶Ӳ
ȻȻһɱȻ
ʥૣžϸһĨζ֮ɫ
һ·
̤·ģˣ̫񣬲ϴ·ɺ⣬˶ʧˣ
ң³ܲң޲𶥣ɵڡ
Ϊ·̫գ̫죬ʶʱѼ˸ҳ̤·Ҳ˼֪һС
ЩڶԣȴǼΪ̤·ģ޲ʱžޣһ콾ǰպգ˸Ž񣬿ȴΪϴ·ʹ䣡
˻ɣһ·ͲڣΪ̫ˣǺΪУҪȡ֮
£Ҫɹ̸ףɱȵ컹ѣ
ǣǰһȴ·ǰţȡ˲Сĳɾͣ
˿̣ڴңɱӵкɵǻ궼м֮
һֿ澰оЩʵ
Щ첻ԣ˼
ԪеգĪرѹ֣ѹֵ㡢ꡢӡշЩ۾ڶҪϢ
䣡
սУϽϣѣѪ裬гָֿɲ
ǳϫƣͶ֮䣬ײ𣬴𣬰϶ʥ
Ľ粻ƥУÿһնƱѹһУǬγ飬Բ

գǻҲֵסڿѪֳһ֧ļ
̫ˣ
˶Ŀá
ǻ꼴ˣҧסȼգŨŨĲʣޱȵķŭ
Ϊ޷ܣԼᱻϫܣ
޷ܣߵĵһԼʧۣ֮
ɺȻһڳϫľǰעͽ͡
ˣ
ϫɫĮȻϽѹȵʱձȻըͷųɲ
̫ɲˣһǻ˱ǣͷ֪ɢٸͨһݺڵϡ
û䣬Ҫվս
һĻв޵߶̣̾Ϣѣ˿̵ǻ꣬ĻһϣֱȽлӶҡ
ʱĳϫǴݣ
ৣ
ڴˣϫɺϧӰһֽǻǰпܣڴ˿һٷǻꡣ
ɾڴʱһȻֲٿȻ赲ڳϫǰõ޷ǻꡣ
Ѱˣ֡
֮ԺԺǳӯϵٿȻڳϫ
ϫ۾Ĭ
ϫսɱң´μʱһɱ㣡
ڵϵǻ귢ƵЪ˹ѪɫңȾѪŤࡣ
ϫ߬ŽȻսƱѰ಻סɱ
־õһ޵߶ľһʱ֮䣬վǱޱȡ
Уֻгϫںʮ֮ǻš
ˣ
ȻһɳƵͳ쳹̫ϽӵǿޱȵٿȻڹԪǰ
ֻ˿̵âܣԵúޱȡ
֣ǻУȴһףһ͵شӷŭѹ
ٴϫʱĿг˲ʣһĨӣмɵзߺޣȻ
´Σͬɱ㣡
ϣ
ϫ𽣹ٲǻһۣת뿪ս
һ仰õǻɫһ仯ݶҧ飬͵һӰĵ뿪̨
ԶԶȥεӰֻԡѪϢ˥ģңõò޵һ̾Ϣ
ع֮ǰһԾ˶һ¿õǻֱһգâɣ˫
һԾУȴˣҰܵøɸɾֱ֮֮ǰˡ
ˣǻ꾹ˡ
ʱ˲ðϼȻһǻ꣬ΪҪһϫ
˶꣬пѡ
һԾϫʤ
ڴʱӵ쳹ȫһ۵
⣬ҲζŴ˴۵жԾһ̳Ļ
ϫʤ
ϫʤ
ϫʤ
صھʮأصʮ޵߶ϣֱͬħ㣬õеĿͬһʱ̣ˢˢսĳϫϡ
ЩĿ𾪣кȻо̾гĽţȻԻ󡭡
Ŀ
˿̵ĳϫͬȾѪͬɫ԰ףУϫٲȻͬҫ۵һǣâ
ǵģϫӮˡ
˿̵ȡյĵһΪ˴˴۵Ӯң
ͬһʵս֤Ϲ޵ߣԵ񾳵һˡĳƺţ
֮ǰ˭뵽
ûУ
˿̣ûЩ˶֪ò˶ãһԾĽؽᴫϹÿ䣬һһ첨
ϫ֣עᱻȫ֪


1897 ռ֮
ҹɫ١
۵һԾѽʮе޵߲δʹȥ£һе˴۵ȵһС
ڰ죬ҹɫеʮǼֱֵ˲˼ĵزÿһֵÿһУÿһ޵߿۵ģȫǺ۵йصĻ⡣
˴۵УϵģӣϧӰ˳ϫС
սΪ⺷ģطϧͬ˳ϫС
ڴõһģǻ꣬աͬ˳ϫС
ƺκˣֻҪϳϫ³ôˣЩѰζˡ
ǰϫ𲻹ʮ꣬ȴһٶ˴˴۵ȵĵһ֮ǰ˭뵽ˣ
ҹ쳹ܶ࣬ɼÿмǣͬһ
Ǿǳϫ
λеڶǻ꣬ȴԵð
ἰϫʱ޲ǴžηĽ𾪵ἰǻʱ򶼺һ£Ǿꡢϧ
ЩУԿϫô˴۵ȵһӰж
Ԥò˶ãϹ򶼻䶯Уϫִ£Ϊ֪
Ͼ˴۵ȿɵ弫𣬹ǰʢ󣬻δʼʱϹнĿ⡣
ϫΪ˴۵ȵĵһ֪ܵٹעˡ

п֣пŵ
һЩҪø͸һЩ˴γϫɽս۵ȵһ壬Բ˼ˡ
Ӵ˴ξٰ۵ȵĿоܿͨһ۵ѡγʮˣɶӵнŵصʸˣ£ΪλҪеڶ۵
ⱾЩ
źǣ۵Ļϫڵʮѱٻ뵽˵ԺԪУκϢõЩעĴǣҲֻкƲ⡣

Ԫ
ŵһ۵ȵĻϫȲ뵽ڶ۵ĵӽԶѻڴˡ
һǰɫȻҸ
ΪǰλͨڣԼһڵ۾
ЩϢ޲енҶ
˴۵Ѿˣʤ֮ҲѳΪᡣ
µڣϵһһɨϫˣ͸ޱȵׯϡ
Щ飬ȴȴ˴۵Ƚ֮󣬲ܽȥԵһĽ
˵ţµһ֣һɫѵƾո֣ɵ˳ϫǰ
鱦ҵԺɽ̫Ͻ̡Ů洹ԺóרΪ˴۵ȵһĵ׼ϫ㽫°ɡ
৵һ£ĿԶŲϣĿнԶһĨۡ
ȻҲĿһ˿ʡ
Уֱš޼󡱡鱦¡Ǭ족顱͡սꪡ
ÿһ޲鱦еƷĪ⣬̺಻˼ֵ֮ѳѰ޷
磬ÿһ鱦κ޵ۺ촹ѣԴҲҪõ֡
һнԶΪ˳ϫһ˵ĽβĽ˸ģ
һѳɶ֣˭ҲֻۣҲֻܲġ
л
ϫһķ㽫ɫƽɣҲһĨ
Ʒ鱦
Ƚ֮񣬿ʵóϫԼе⡣
Сһﲻؿ˵Ů洹飬Ϊ̳׼
ѩЦԴ
ɴ˻ڤУȴɫһᵽһ˿ζ
Ϊ֮ǰΪطӮ˿ȻŮ洹һ
˭룬һȴǳȫ˳ϫڤͨҲһơ
ۼЩԾµɿһתƻ⣺ϫЩ֮⣬һݽҪ㡣
ϫһ
һڲ۵ĵҲһɻ󣬻ѵ鱦Ҫ
ܿ죬˴𰸡
µ˵껰óĿ϶ƵƤÿһƤԶһɻɬܹ赲κβ̽˸޷ŵоʲôݡ
ԽԽ˺ˣĿƤУ̲ܣ
µûн𰸣ǰĿһ̫ϽӵЦӵѣֵʱ̣Ҳýеͼ˰ɣ
һƤ
һ㵣ĿԶӵ
˿ӵɫ֮ǻҰһɫûкù
ʱ˲µĻõܲĲԵˡ
ǺǣزµѣϷҲԻύͼ
ĬƬ̣ӵһЦһӣһͬƵĹƤƾո֣˹ȥ
һУȻ̾һпλ£ϷˣǴͼ̫Ҫǣŵеһڣ˭ܽУпܻõռ;£ϷпҲЩᰡ
˻һϫڵеӽԶкݺһռ;
ģƤ̫ˣֵ֮ᣡ
ӵղŵıУԿһ˿ߡ
һѩѩµ򶼲üƲӵڴʱй¶Ⱦ
ӵزᣬͼƴһҲƴһͼ
µһ㲻ΪȻЦοйռ;صĴţԼͼԶɲöʵġ

ӵȻҲֻǻŵУٶ֮ȻŪˣҿ¼пġ
һУԳϫԣҲһһôֺǣϹϵˣ
ϸ룬ϫȻ֣Լнĩ֮󣬾ƺʼŵйһλһС
ĩ֮򣬶ź
ϫĩ֮żȻ̫ž尢ǣӶһһ֮
ֱΪλܾ̫۵Եʣóϫ֪ԭŵУȴΪеġ䣡
ʱ֪ͼԼһйռ;صĴŽԶ£ϫԲӿпһλڣ
ӵأΪҪڴ˿ֱԲذһܶ˵
һ˲䣬ϫжȻӿһĪĺ͵شӳ˼ѹ
ϼһòػģҪȫ¶֪Լͼɣ
Ϸ˴ʮСһŵУƾһ֮¾ѽһ֮ˣ磬ͼƴһ𣬽һһӣҲУƾ֮һжΣ
ڴʱӵȻڣһ顣
һӣϫоЦ϶ԭһ̣


1898 
ӵ飬òϹŶġ
ڤ˼˵鲻ܹǰӣһ޲Ϊ´ܹӻŵлһԵ£Ե֣ͬһжΪס
˶٣ϾǻŵĪ⣬ɲĽƾһ˶жɾ̫ˡ
һ˵õǲµҲһΪԺϣȻҲϣ´˿ǰŵеһ֮̽һ̽Ե
ʱѹסͷԹۣҪһɽŮ洹ηӦ
һ䣬ͼǴ˴۵ȵһĽ
ϵأŮ洹ѩȿڣ磬ɨӺڤλ

Ӻڤ²Ը⣬Ҳòʵ
ȻˣƾʲôҪóϫЩͼóһܣ
һΣ˻شѩȻ֪ˣαپٰǵڶ۵ȣƴȴٶҪϷֵ
һ˵ԣõӵڤüԶһ˿֮ɫ
ѩᣬϷ飬ҲΪеӿǣǻŵرϾ̫գοϫѻ鱦Ƚ㹻ḻѵȴǴǰͼеܷ𣿡
ӵһڡ
ˡ˵һ䣬ϫ޷飬ڽŵ֮ĴɻЩλҲƥĵ
һڤ˵Ѵһ˿޵в
⣬ϫŭЦ϶ԽԽҪҪǿԼеܣȴһɴȻֱ޳֮
һ̣ѩҲüڣȴϫסʦ֣һ䡣
˵ʱϫǰһԺɨӡڤλɫ
Цųλǰ鲻Ƚŵ֮ԻὫܺͬ
ţ
һ仰˶һ㶣ԭǻΪϫŭܣ˭룬Ʋ顣
ӵڤҲ۾Щ²͸ǰСдʲô⡣
ҿֻܷŵùѣŮ洹ͬԺͬԶԺһȥ̽Ѱһ֮ˡǺǣˡûȤ֮Ӵ򹷣µ󻹷ҧһڡ
һֹ˳˳ϫĴ㣬иǼṇ̀˵󣬸Ǻáڿ̫Ͻ̺ԺɳӰ֮¡
ʱ֮䣬в˵Ȼû뵽ϫ˴󵨣λڵ棬˵˻
һɲӺڤλɫһɢһɿɲޱȵϢ
ܵһС˼
һɿֲϢѹڳϫϣͱѩһӣһ˲仯⡣
ͬʱѩȻЦλεݣĪǻҪҼСʦܼƽϣ
ѩɽˣִ֪硢磬ƾһ仰ϷĨɱ
ӵɭȻڡ
һ̣ѳ׶϶޷ӳϫϻͼеܣ˵Ҳ
ӵ˵Ĳϣνŵ֮λĳϫСѿԻŷذɡ
ڤɫϣ͸һĨļµĺ⡣
ۼֱýţµʱٱֳĬЦųˣΣ˴ܹһжǺܲסڴ֮ǰλĪҪִĻɶǴҶ
һ˵ĵҲڳ֮Уһ뿪κһȻ޷ͨŵصͨ
ʶȾ£ִκԣǵòʧ
ӺڤλȻҲһ㣬½ԶȻһߣٶԡ
ֻϫĿУһ˰㣬ȻǰѳϫǺġ
ȴڣһŭǶκ˶ԣǾһ޷ѡ
ϫһ㣬Ϊ֮ǰ̫λ˵ڣϹ۷壬ҲǺ޼ɣ飬ֻҪǣŲ㱳ʲô
Ȼϫηǡ
ԶԶ޷͵ȴڿ⣬վŴʦ֣վɽԲηκˡ
οϼһɱԼɽγɱǣ
ף˫һల£ɱ˴֮ĳޣڲ֪ǰѽ£ͬˮ𣬲ݡ
ȳǰ˭Ҳ˭Ĵˡ
ˡ
Ȼһ󲨶һƬλðĵԹ꣬ӳֳһӰ
ӰͰƽƽ棬ȳϫһͷࡣ
ɵһ֣н̸Ȼֹճоǳӯһϣʥζ
һ˲䣬ϫʮ񾳴ڽԶһһ޷Ƶľη
ӰͰ֮ƽ֮Щ˽ԶһСޱȵĸо
ͺһȺһ޷Խĸ߷壡
˿̣Щ۾ǶһɫнҸ־ǰˣ
Ψѩһڵܱ򶨣ɴ˿ĿһӰ֣
Ժ
ˣȻǵԺԺ
һ˲䣬ϫһ𶯣λǴеϴڣܹɽ֮Ů洹̫ϽԺԺͨ뢣
ȴԺУ֪¶δ˿̣ǰɵ֪ж
һʱ֮䣬ձׯࡣ
ĵͰòĵԺԺٲȻΪ˴ĿĴڣϣ
λ
ԺԺڣӯϣֶһصĵ⣬˸ա
׼׵
ѩ˷׷׵ͷ
Ȼˣ£żλѱ̳ǰǻŵذɡ
ڷԸ֮󣬱ԴʮСһǰŵء
˻һ˽ԶĪҲӡ
ӡڤﶼΡ
ǵԺԺƣܹƽƽģϹҲҲٸ
ӣ㽫ЩСһﰲػžУʱ㹻ǽ״̬޸۷Σ֮󣬴һǰԪ
Ŀ򻴿ӣٴ

ӹ
ˣĿŲˣλԳں´˽һձ㣬˴ǰŵأ꣬ʮϣпܻգ˭Ҳ޷֤ʮСһﶼܰȻأá׼
ڴлصʧ
һʱ֮䣬Ϊ뿪ǰһϯôձš
գ
Щ˴μŵصĵӣп޷ȫȻأ
֪ģỳɵԺԺ˵ⷬǷΪֹһж
˿ɶô롣
ڴ˿˵һȻζţ˴жĺܲһ㣡
пܴڳգʶֵ׼ˣ


1899 ͨ
Ԫ
ѩѳϫԡͼټһ𣬴˴νŵأεΣգǶмǸڳϫߣһš
Ժͼͷʦġ
ѩóһԼĪ߳׭෱ĹͭеݸϫѾѣ˴ŵأʹһжɡ
ϫһף̫žİȻͭС
ΪΣ
ϫסʵ
ǰŵʱҲçײ£׼ֶΣʱΪ̵ģ̫ž岿䡣
ѩֱԲ䣬Ȼڽŵʱ̫žԷʲôãȻôȻ⡣
⣬ϫȻĩ֮ʱǽЩķӡǰ
ʱŻԣ̫žս£ŵض𣬸ɳµĻԻ¼
ɵʬΪĩ֮Щʣ̫žˣҲûһԸȥѡС
£ٽϴʦѩԣϫʱҲԼ˴δϰһжʲôó
Ȼһ˵·ӲʲôãҲ۳ϫˡ
⣬ƲⲻǶȻǧټƵȥȡеͼԽŵ֮Ҫľ̫Ͻ̡ԺĴˡ
ѩڵԺˣ££ĪҪʧȥ˽䱸֮ģһ첻Ժעֻᱣ̬ȡ
ԣϫЩ࣬ڵԺĵϣȻʦѩ̸ԺԺ⣬һֹĸо
ϫһͷʦַģǵѣк
ѩЦЦãˣ⣬ԷĺŮ洹һ
ϫ˵ͷ

һࡣ
̫ϽӵɫĮȻ䴫סͼǣһռ;ϻԵ۸κδۣҲҪˣ

ǻһ̫Ͻ̵Ӧ
ˣӵɫԻȻлɱϫӣǧ򲻿ɴˣͼ͵ڤϵȥΪһˣ
ԣǻкݺһһˣ

ط˴μڳϫУҲػģ۵վ۵ɱ
ͬʱ̣ڤĿ⻺ɨطǧ𡢹Ľˣ˵Ƚŵ֮Ҫץסһлᣬӳնˣ
˵⣬ѴһĨζǻ֪̤˹һ޶֮·Ѿڴ·СгɾͣˣһɳԽԽΪԺĸ󻼡
ʲô
طҲһƬκˣһ޶֮·
ǾǴбݵˣ
طǶһ仰ζʲôһʱ֮ɫǱ
пܣҲ̫ϽЩһڻŵнϫɱˣ
ڤɭȻˡ

ҹ¬塣
ڣ
һ仰ǣǵԺһֱ̬ȣӲǷ֮Уڽŵ֮Ҳܰ쵽һ
µǰҹ¬壬ɫȻ
Ժвٵӣȴгҹ¬̸ԵúѰζ
¬һͷʦģӱضġ
ҹȴ۾ʦ棬ֻҪ̬ȾͿô
µͷ
ҹЦͺá
һ¬彫һпУһ
ʱҹȻĿһ¬壬Ȼʦ֣ɱˣӮʦôġ
赭дһ仰ȴ¬ɫ΢΢һ䡣

ȻʯҵǲǣֻҪСģݻᷢʲôˡ
Ů洹ߣѩڣмǣбҪԶϫһЩ
ԣʯǲһĨȻһﶼˣҪ
ѩͷȷҪǻŵطǱѰ۵һһĶԾȫͬϫӵͼȻᱻ̫Ͻ̡Ժж£ΪѣŮ洹վɽˡ
˶٣ο㲻Ϊͼֻ̫Ͻ̡ԺҲŹϫˡ
˵Ѵһ˿ӡ
ΪΣ
ʯȻ
ȻҲ档
ܼ򵥣̤һǰδе··Թδ˳ɹϫڴ·ȡòСɾ̫ͣϽ̺Ժ޷̵ġ
ѩƬ̣һֱԡеԾӣĳϫһΪݣ£̫Ͻ̺ԺɶŹˡ

Ϊݣ
ۣȻʯԶסɫ𽥱
Ǵ˿ҲףΪѩȥϫˡ

ԪУΨӡʥϡˣڵ弫Ĵˡ
ͨһֵĿ飬˽ŵصʸ񣬴˴Ҳһж
ϣ˼ˣϿûҪĶķڡͨҲͽ͡
ȻŤͷһʥϣǷһĨζĻȡ
ɫ䣬ĬãȻѿԶ϶㲢ӣ
͸Ųɡ
üϷһĨ֮ɫʼңֻ˭ϣ˷ߴСͨͻףԼƲжοҵвףֻѱЩҵڣ
ͨߴ֮һ£һ˲ܣϢʤء
Ӵ˻˼ǳԣˡͨ⵽ҵ˼ҲֻܵóҾӵĽۣ
ڴˣϵķӦɺƽģѲͨһЩأò˶ã֣ʱֻҪҲˡ
۾ãȻЦҾĿԴˡ
΢΢һЦȻ˵һĪĻϹ죬ȷҪˣȴȾָ
˵գתϥһ࣬ĿٲһС
Ӽˣ۾֮ҡҡͷɹЦѡ
˵ĶԻԶԴķʽУδע⡣
ܿ죬µѩӡڤѩλһ뿪ǰŵء
ϫʮڻӵĴ£뿪Ԫǰǡػž
۵һصĶԾǴ˶ѩط˸ءʱ̣Ҳؽ農Ľ޸ơ
ȤȤ
ڳϫһ뿪֮󣬿յĹԪȴٿȻֳһӰ
Ͱƽ棬ȻǸȥõĵԺԺ
ֻʱ˫ָųϫһ뿪ĵطһзһ
ĬãȻһпǽ٣ˣͿһжˡ
δ£ٴʧ
ȥ¥ա
Ԫ׳


1900 鱦
ػž
ٴν˵أϫʱַ֣ʱ֮Ȼֱӳ٣һޱȡ
ճϫ㣬ڴֻ꣬Źȥʱ䡣
ȻԺ˰ţΪô˴μŵеʮӵһ㹻ʱ䣬׽״ָ̬۷塣

ϫһϥ
óͼ
˵ͼʵݲƹϵƤÿһƤ涼һɬص޷ŵаء
ϫָһͼʱһɴƤӿŸ첲ɢõóϫ͵ػһһĨļ¶
ʲô
ϫгԾΪ޷סһɾ̫˼ˡ
Ƭ̣ջǽһƤ򿪡
ˡ
ƤչȻһȦȦĹ꣬ͷųɬ
ϫͫͽסһУƤУӡһвȱĹŹŤİϣɢһçİĲϢ
ӹɣһ֣
ϫȴ޷ϳһֲǲȱģҲκݡ
Ϊ̫رˣϫδţδ
˵ҲˣɹؼǣԳϫǿ֮֮ǲܴݳκζ
Щ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ﵽϫȾ磬˵ͨţԳ֮Уƾܴ֮ƶϳĶ
һƤϵһʱϫҲ޼ƿʩֻܸɵ۾
Ҳԣʲôʦ϶ǰң֮ǰûôȻҲ޷пЩʲô
ϫü૲ѡ
ƤֱԵ弫УͬҲɽóһݣȻֹɽֻĴҲûдвʲô
Ȥ֮ȴصȵزͼбȻŷͬѰˡ
һϫɫָ侲ʼֽĿƤҲһһ򿪡
һ⣬ĿƤҲǲƲϻٽԶӡһЩ֡
ϫŽͼƴһ𣬰֮ŷ֣ƾЩƤ޷ƴճͼ
뻹ȱƤҹؼֵֽԶȱ߲ҪƾЩҵνֻ֮¸Ͳܡ
ϫĿϸţ֮סһ̾
մʦѩԣͼǣŵһмпܲռ;ء
ɴʱϫȴȻ֣ƾͼ˵ȥѰռ;İˣһֻ֮¶Ҳ
ԭֻһʵ̫ˣ
Ҳֻнŵټˡ
ϫΣƤС

ϫֽողŻõ鱦ó
޼һ磬ΣԵУͨȻǹ⣬ͷŻϢɱˣ޼᲻ݡ
鱦£һŲ˿ɫλã磬ɱܷ׵ػ𣬿ɵֽٻ
Ǭ죬Ӧڰ֣ãǿǬ֮ǡڰס֮
顭
սꪡ
£鱦޲Ʒ֮֮УҲԶѰ鱦óϫð֡
ϧϫԼҲսУԼòô鱦
ϣ鱦ӻ졢žѪӡԪǱ顣
ɱ϶ɵ۾֮󣬻õһǹɱ۾õġܵߡ
䱦ͭǮ
ټϽسڤ¼аʡ֮ȵȱĿӴˡ
Щһǿѵõıֵ޵߿һĻֻ·Ǿ°Ͳɡ
Ͼ˭ڳϫһУӵô࿰ƾĹ屦
Գϫԣʶô鱦õҲһ£鱦ȱҲŸߵֵ֮ġ
ͬΪɱ˵Ľ޼󡢰ǹȻǽ޼֮ǹס
Ȼ廮ֵĻʵɺѣϾÿһ鱦߲ͬãڲͬ޵УӳȻҲͬ
ڳϫԣж鱦ĸߵֻһ׼һǶԼдõģһǶԼôġ
ʱ䣬ϫѰǹѪӡս˳
Գϫԣ;
Ȼְӻ졢Ǭ졢žԪǱ顢ȱΪһࡪ
Щ߲ͬãɳ챦һЩ⻷ܹӳؼá
ڤ¼аʡ֮Ϊһࡪ
Щƽɣܱ¶ǽҪͷϫȥԶá
س䱦ͭǮ鱦¡޼Ϊһࡪ
Щǳϫսʱܹʹõġ
ﻮ֮󣬳ϫδʹֹ֣ǰĿ˰ǹѪӡս鱦ϣ˼С
ֿ֮˿нĿһĨȻ

ˡ
Ƭ̺һ쳹
һƻڰһܼɬķͼʢҫۡ
ͬʱһǹâһͷųܼĳ׸ס
һ˲䣬һɿɲӽ籡ǿʼһ㼳ȡǰǹе
һĻ޵߿ֻ¶š
һ鱦ȥһ鱦£ˮȺ˳
⣬Ҳǽ֮һ
ҲǽһΪ鱦֮ߵһܣ
֮ݼƣԼܣ
֮ǰںǻԾʱϫʹùܣһƿǡֵ̡֡
ֻսʱͬ½ɵģһ鱦ĿԶ׼Ϊ
һУԶԳϫľ
ǹѪӡսһԶô󣬴Ҳòϣ罫Դܡ
˿Ϊֱ˷ָܼҵ˼¡ɳϫôҲǾ˼Ϥ
ȷѴﵽ޿ƥеĵزֻ񾳶ѣ󣬿ǻе۾󾳽硣
ϫǵģǳý۾֮ǰһ½۾֮󣬽ҲȫƥԼս
۾Զ
ѾԶˣ
ϫԲ磬Ϊ˽ŵѰٻԵٳԼ֮ڶԱչȥ۾磡
νδѣˡ
һгɾվѳΪȥԳϫԣսʤͬѺ壬Ŀ꣬ڵ۾֮ϡ
۾ۣ֮ӵǧ磡
㾳磬Ϲеľ뢴绽꣬ھӵơ
ڳϫԣĿֻڳΪһ۾Ϊ۾УһСĴڣ


1901 
Ĳ磬ϼȡǹ
ճϫ㣬ٶȣʱ䣬ܽǹ׼ȡһա

ûЩϫһܵƾո֣׷ɣʥȻͷųѤϼ⣬ȡ
ܿ죬꽻֯룬ճһСˣϥеׯϡ
һ˲䣬ϫܵԴ綼òһˡ
Σȴ翣ĥ
ͨܵߣϫȴۼΪ͸ظа
СˣǡࡱܹΪΣϫͨ͡ࡱĺӦͬڣʹһ㡣
ҪΪףҲΪͨ͸̡
ָоͺһз߲Ϊɾһɬ֮Σװס
ܵߵãݴܻУսɵƾܣѷһ񱦿ɱȣƿ屦
쿪ʼϫһεĴУһߵϢһ߾ʱ䲻ԾҴš

󣬶ԣŹȥʱѡ
һ졣
ڴеĳϫٿȻ۾ͬʱػž˻ӵ
ѵʮڱ뿪
һֹ̣ǳϫػžбչصӵҲ׷ѹ
һŻӳǸǰ
һˡ
ϫ𣬺ɣһһŻУת˲˱ʧػžС

ϫִʱʮҲ½֡
ȴǵģȴǻӣһλͰƽߡ
ǺȻǵԺԺ
ϫ˶ʱһݣɫ¡
񣬻ŵصͨѱͨȱһǰɡ
Ŀһɨϫˣ˲жϳǵΪ״̬ѻָ۷壬ûκγɣ˻ۡ
һ˲䣬ϫֻǰһ˲ܿƵرһȻĪЮٿȻʧԭء
ʲôҲ
ʲôҲ
гŹȥһɲǡ
ϫٴ۾ʱʱ֣һƬİ֮С
Ƭ졢䣬󣬼žޱȡ
ͬƬеһſǳֹûһ˿ĶԵúǹء
ڼԶųϫ˵ķϣȻһޱȾ޴ĺɫУبǿУԶԶȥͷ·һѪڣܰǧǳû
ֻǣ˿Ǿ޴ĺɫͬ뾲ֹûһ˿Ķޱȡ
ǻ򡣡
˫ָǰԶľ޴ɫУȻ
ϫһ㵣ǻΪβһ˿ҵļ󣬷Ŀ£
գУǵˣҲԽ׳ذ벽
һ˿п˴ҲԿ˵弫ͨԼԼе񱦣ѹס˵صĽһлҹƽС
ϫŻȻԼ񿴵һУѷһƬĿ
ͬʱҲС˴ж
ֻǴͨһͨŵص·Ҫ弫һ֣֪У˵Ǻ֮գֱһƬϽأ
ǿһͨ
ָԶǿеľ޴ɫУ˵УԵִŵأУзֲδֵ磬ͬҲպɱжҪˡ
˿̳ϫ˽Զɫׯ࣬κηġ
صĻŵأǽԶһ֪ʶܹеõһЩָ㣬ԻԺжޱס
ҪǣҪСеĽǧҪմȾһ˿ǴҲ˵Ϊܽ˸ɵ³
˵⣬תĿ⿴ϫǣлʲôգҲһжҪԼȥ̽ͻ⡣
ԣϫжʱܵһѹԺԺ˵֪ǻŵжغδ֪
δ֪ζգ
ǽŵ֮һͨ᳹ױصģʮ󣬵弫ٴγ֣Ϊǿһ֮·
֣أмǣʮΪڣٿ꣬޷зأκϣطϹ򣡡
ϫһ𣬽Զμס
²˳٣ڱԳˡ
תĿԶǾ޴ĺɫС
ߣ
ǻж̫Ͻλȥ˲ϢʧǺɫ
Ҳ׷ж
Ϊ˴˴νŵأѵȴ̫ãгſɲգδ֪ɱΪ˿ٳµ磬ɾ֮͡Ҳϧ
ǶеĴ㣡
˿ôۣ
Щŵд޵߶ԣֻҪڵ;ȡóԽͻƣһжֵá
Ҳ߰ɡ
ϫһŹԺͼɶˣԶȥ
ֱʮ˽ԶʧǺɫУ૵ϣǶ԰Ȼذɡ
˵գȥ
¡
뿪ãƬУŰķΧƣһɿֲ񱩵ĻٿȻ
Ȼ󡪡
ǳʱҡ޾桢׵硢ɷѪȻϯƬû
أһ𱯺𡢴Ķǡ
꣡
ֱǺɫ޴ҲһкȻ飬׻Ϊޡ
Ƭ򣬳С
һɿɲĽĻƶһз

Ѿȥˡ
ԶһƬǿУѩѩᡢӡڤλԵ弫еĵУԶһƬҾ˸
ΣЩСһٻزˡ
ӵĮȻ
仰ָ
ѩ֪ȴ΢΢һЦӵѿڵ̫Ͻ̴ˣ
֮ǣ˵̫Ͻ̴˻ز˰ɣ
ӵһһԻǵٿȻѩѩ۵ѽʮСһҲѽŵأҳڣսһΣɱ㣬Ϸпʵ޷
˵ʱѲƵشһĨŨҵɱ
һԵڤѩᡢλԶһ
ڴɱɱʮ˭ȥӦЩСһﷵأ
ȻѩӦԺԺٿȻ𣬰ƾն
ˣӵǳ鴤һ£ʱԡ
ѩЦЦǰ˵Ĳʱ򣬵ȷʺɱ
ڸղһɲǣֹӵɱڣѩͬҲһ˿ɱ
ֻΪĵִһвΡ
ʮʱ䣬ָţλڴΪʮж׼Ҳڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
һ仰ʱӺѩϨս˼֮ôȻǷֹ鷢
һʱ֮䣬λнԶһ̾


1902 ͻľɱ
ɱ
ϫ۾Ͼ쳹һĮȻ֮
һף
һɲǣϫͫţ񾭶ʶʩչǿһԲʽ
¡¡¡
ԲĽĻ۶ܵһɿɲޱȵĳȽһɳ⣬һѺݺݺҶ
ͬŭİһ˱һǿԣʱնŤ飬ĺ
ۣ
⧲֮£ϫӲÿѪӰģ֧Ųס
һж̫죬˭뵽մһ޴ɫͨ߳ͻȻͻϮ
ԷѾãһӾʹ˳ϫһ⧲սӦһֹԽɱ
ɱ
ʢ꣬Щ£һɲĹ˷ӵ
ֱ˿̳ϫ˭δжϳ

ϫɫһ֮磬һȣתȫʩչ˼¡
ء
ܼĵײһعǿɲ֮ʹõһǵһĵģһɱ˵鱦
Һԣ־ԲֹˣһȺˣÿһսǿޱȣе۷̳С
£ϫ½߾ǱٴοѪѪͷֱҪɢһ㡣
һ̣Ҳڿ͵ϮԼ֮ˣȻǻһ˺Ͷطһˣ
֮˴νŵص̫Ͻ̺Ժӣڴ˿ȫڴˣչһԳϫľɱж
ɱ
ٴ
ϫǷŭ˼£ЩĶһŵؾͶֱ֣̫
ȷϫ˿ҲͻĹһֲ١
Ҳû뵽ᷢ顣
Ͼ£κһˣһδ֪֮أһӦȻȥ̽һ´ǷΣա
ȻǻͶطûôУץסһлԳϫһ͵Ϯ˭ֻ¶벻
ɴʱһѾˣϫѱգǻͶطǣȻŹһɱϫĻᣡ
¡¡
ֿɲĹǵضõóϫֻܱӲţޡ
ͼʦܡ
Ȼһŭ쳹أõóϫ͵һŤͷȥʱͼɾΧУȾѪʱܱ
һɲǣһ޷ŭڵ۽ӿϫȫ̼۾ѪһƬ
ЩĻˣ
ϫһҧ͵ؼһѪɫӣ˵һն𵴲ݣѪӡ

һ֣ȴѪ͵һȻ飬ɲޱȵ֮Ȼϯɢʮ
ã
㣡
Զһȡ
ôʱ̣ϫӰһǳ嵽ͼߣץסԷͳԶȥ
䣡
ȻһɲǣһڵâȻ֣һݺնڳϫϡ
һʵ̫죬ͻѵȺ͵ȳϫһ
Ȼˣ
һóϫ޿ɱܣʵʵն˳ϫϡ
أ
ȻϵģϫȻһλƵı⣬ǽһס
鱦£
һŭԶ
ʱϫѽһɳ֮ͼɺ͹͵س֣ԶȫŲƶȥ
׷
ҲܷŹ
һǻꡢطĻѼӷˣ¾ȫ׷ȥ

ȻǳʱһŻͭսꪺնͷųɲԡ
鱦սꪣ
Ķֹʼʩ
ˣϹϫٵǻˣĻ᲻ϫʩչԱ鱦ֶΡ
ǲŻǣ˭Ҳ޷жϡ
˶ϵľ飬ǻǵϣһȥͼƹһ˻սꪡ
һΣȻ´ˡƹȥһ˻սǺȻըֱձ㣬ͷųֲˣⷽԲʮ֮س׻ΪһƬ𺣣ȼա
ã

ʱ֮䣬ǻǱһֲӰǱܲѣЩܲܵ˲С˺
һ飬Ƕʱʧȥ˳ϫټҪ׷ʱʧȥʱ
̳Ұãã
һлָƽǻͶطǵɫ䵽˼¡
û뵽ֱļһˡ
ɫ࣬ղžͲһߣǾܹɹ˭ڹؼʱ̣һʡ
˭뵽ϫôݣһԱ鱦
ֶǲֹһΣÿһζ޼ƿʩһͷ
ǻ꣬ղųϫͼɵʱһٴӺϮɹ˭룬ԷϾһ鱦£õһȴû˺ϫ
ˣϫֻѱԼƶ˰ɣ
һ̵ǻֱ꣬ЩˣÿһζԸһÿһζһӵδҲ̫˰ɣ
˴ôӵҲ֪´ʲôʱٴץסʵϧ
κ󣬶ط̾˿͸һĨʡ
˴Ϊ͵Ϯϫϧһ֣ȫûκһ˿СԷ˼
ΪΪϫʵǿǸһ֣Ͷһա
ȴûܳɹ
û£˴νŵأ꣬ʮϣȻлٴԷ
һǿ԰еıͷŭǻųڵ֮ǻǾѰٵµ磬һܼ֮۾磬Ǿٺòˡ
ԣط۾ҲΪȻܳôʱ۾ȥԸϫǲڻ¡
˼ˣɫҲͲ٣ʼ˼ڻŵеж
λҪСģϾǻŵأĪ⣬˭Ҳ׼ж
ǻĿɨˣѡ
Ȼ
طڵ˶׷״Ӧ
ʱһжԱȵҪΪȫϾյԺԺ˵ɶڴ٣
ʶ˭Ҳٴˡ
£ǻһһ飬ٿȻ뿪Զȥ

뿪ãĿսУٿȻһӰ
ãͷڣٷ磬еһλСү㣬ȻԽ񵺵Ĵӣ
ǺǣɣԽԽá
ĿɨܣӴǷһĨصЦ⡣
ͳ˸˫ָԶȥû뵽λܿһϷȤ
ɫɣŵУͥŲ㣬Ȼûһ˿ŵģ
Ǹоͺش󺣣ӥٲ񷣬ҲΪϤĵط
ܿ죬ӵӰʧ
֮ڣһԿĿ
֪ʱʥϵӰҲһƬǷսУλãǡǸղڵλá
Ŀ䣬Զ񾲼üһĨᶨ֮ɫ


1903 ħʬ
ŵغܴ󣬴ĳ
ϫŹԺͼɿʼӶݣŷ֣ڵƬضδ֪ĵطǱԼκδ綼Ҫ޷便ж
ϫֻʱжϣһ㣬ǿзɶݣҲԺϵԽһˡ
ŵУЩƺʲô
ƺû񷶥һǳڲ֮ϣĹ
ͻŵһǿ֮嫣ͬƺûоͷ
ϧϫȥϸܸϸڵ
Ϊһ·ϣʵ̫գһƬ
Űķ籩緢ĻɽѵʱաƮҷ̵Ѫһ·ϣһƬȫ֮
ϫܹһſǳӲХ׹䣬ڵ棬ҳһԲĴӣǿɲĳóϫһľ
֮ܶ졢ء޲һֻҵ״̬Уյ֣ʱʱ̶̿š
ƾϫʵֶӵµĻʱҲò񾭣С֮
Ϊֻƺûʲô𣬿ȴޱȡ
ķ籩˺
۽˲ٻ
ʱѺۣܹһ˲촷һУ
Що綾ޱȣԸʴпԴ͸ۻɷ⡭
һһľ˲һɱ٣ٲ֮أ
̫ɲˡ
ϫ񣬲֪˶ٵն֮أǺǰĻŵһȣʱʲôˡ
ϫҲףΪԹ񼸺ܹ̤˵ˣգκ޵߲ҿ
֮ڴ٣֪ŵкε֮ɲ
ҲˣŻδٵ򾳣δϹнɡ
֮ȫáԭʼģĪ⡱ݻŵصһУ

ֱãϫǿҵһ֮ء
һͺͺᣬݲɽ壬ǧɣͨһ޵ɷ
Щɷȴ޷κγϫ
ͼɣоΣ
ϫ˲ԼƣһأͰĿͼɡ
˿̵ͼɣȾѪǻһڴСѪأԻѪĿġ
һ·ϣͼһֱҧŻʹ࣬ҲõɫԵΪ԰ף״̬Բֹۡ
ϫʻͼɻǿЦʦ棬ţû£ˣĪҪġ
ϫü֮ǰеŭֲ㲻Ƶӿ
ЩĶ´Ȼٱ֮ͣ
ϫҧѳ׺޵һŵأͱԷȫ͵Ϯʱȣͼɲ⡣
óϫܲŭ
ҪǣͼˣڽжУóϫһǿİ֣ǶԣɾԲʲôˡ
ʦ˵ĲһжѺ۵ȫͬϹڳЩ̫Ͻ̡ԺļһҶǽ͵ϮҲؿܰȫɱˣ
һ俪ڣɱ¶Ҳղŵһֲڿͼ˳ģҲʵ֮
˳ȻҪ֮ǻŵдȡ翪ٳԼ֮
ϫһǻָ侲ɿ˵ǻΪ˴˴νŵأѹΪ֮ãûɱǣȻѡ翪֮۾
˶٣ϫǵǶԣֻΪԣǱ֮ǰһˣ
˵ѴһĨȻ֮ɫ
ɫҲϾʦ棬˵Ǹж
ϫ˿ͼɣֻʱίȴҵˡ
ͼЦܹĦһʦţ֮أʲôί
ϫͼɼûж˵
ڴʱԺȻʲôʦ棬˵Ů洹ЩͬòҲ˰ɣ
ԣϫʱһУĬƬ̣˵ᣬǼǰŽŵصģ̫Ͻ̺ԺǶԸŮ洹һˣʱǡ
룬Ҳͬ˳ϫ۵㡣
ߣǳ
ϫĿ⻷ܣһӣսĿ˲񷣬Ҫ֮ȻҪƿһǿ򾳣
ʦ棬ˣһж
ȹ˵꣬ͱϫϣֻС˶ѣӰж·;ϱ޸
ˣԲٶȰͳϫһӰ˸Ųʱնȥ

һ򾳣ÿһǳǺ
ϹУ֪ǧ֮ЩӵиˣǿԳϫǶҲ˴ó
Ϊ̫λԣǿ֮ЩδС
ϹУܹҳҲ򾳵ģҲֻǰĻŵء
ҲΪγϫʮƴֶΣðΣҲȻǰԭ֮һ
ӵ֮͵ӵ˳ɾ֮͡ĸԺĪô
ڳʱӵ֮֮۾ĻҲ
֮Ҳǵ۾һ֣κε۾ܹΪ
Ƿܹӵһ֮Ǻһλı׼֮һ
ϫ͹ԴʱҪģڻŵѰҵδ򾳣ԽԴ֮

񣬳ϫҲҪӵһ֮ҪѰҵһ򾳣ȻУ䡰򾳱ԴΪС
һЮ֮һ̤Ƶ۾żΪʵ
Ҫ쵽һɲô׵顣
ϫ͹һ·Ųʱϸ۲ǿչ켣Ҳδһγɵ򾳡
ǣ򾳵жˡ
һ͵򾳣ӵԼĶϢܹγһƱϰĽ硣
һ磬ܣܹȫһ򾳺ǿֿ
ͨ׶ԣһͺñһǣеĵ͵Ʊ
δ͵򾳣һ磬ǿյķֲҲ£޷ȡ
ֵһǣ򾳣ָһ򡣶֮ԡ򾳱Դе
򾳺֮һǽ棬һȫͬġ
һʱȥ
ţ
ȻϫƲʲôٿȻֹĿ㣬âٿȻԶ
ͬʱԶУر飬ΪһƬѵشһӴޱȵʬٿȻƯ˳
ǵȷһʬɳͨ帲ŲƶϵͭƬ
ƯڰգһƯŵ½أʵ̫ӴˣȴͷųһļµϢ
ӳϫǶȿȥҲֻֻܿ޴ޱȵĽƣ¡ɽ㡣
ƺǻеһħ
ԳԾ͸ţڴˣʬ޷


1904 ȵ۾
ħ
ƺϫҲ͵һ
ǵ̫еĴڣһӵĿɲͨˮ𡢼Ԧ׵硢ɽ󺣡ܡ
̫£ԿԳħ£
ΪȴڣѪһԪ಻һ֮ҪɱǣѰ쵽
УйħĴʵ̫ˣҲͨľг桢Ů洹ç̫֮ʮ桭
ϫȻҲ̫񻰴棬ɻûһĻħ
ʶԶһɾ޴ħʬʱвŻеЩԾ
ǰһλֲڣʬ޷Ϊ
ǷҲǺһ󴳴˵أȴ޷ڴٶɣ

ʱղԶŵĻħʬƮƣһ˿ûУͷųϢȴļ¡
ͷ·ʬڲһЩΪɲΣհ㡣
ˣ
ϫüͷһ壬ǲϿʬûɵطһĨ⡣
ʶأŹһȥƹһ߹صħʬ
Ͼǻŵأ޾գδֲ֪õóϫκһ˿Ĵ⡣
ˡ
ˡ
ȻܹȥһħʬкȻһĲʮأ
䣡
ͬʱǸħʬϵĲͭȻըһڵӰȳʬгǵأư㡣
һɲǣͽϫԶ˵ǰ֮·
ǣ
ϫһݣ˲ϢͿһӰȻһֻֻ䡣
ⶾС㣬ϸȥһӣ˫ͫѪ͸ղҰۣϸһ͸ĳ
һԵùޣļ¡
ֻСۣܲɷɶٶȴ磬ܹʱɴ󣬻ͷųһѪıϢ
ʲô
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ߣ
˵ʱʱ죬Щͷֻڳϫһ˱ʶŹԸı䷽򣬳ԭ·أӶȥ
ɽһ˲䣬ϫֹɫء
Ϊں󷽵У֪ʱٴθֳһɳĻħʬ
ӹɣʬУȻҲġ䡱
ʦ棬ƺΧˡ
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Ҳֻмǰ壬ɱһѪ·ˣ
ϫһͬһԺؼ䣬磬ӿȻɱ
壡
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ȻȳϫüˣЩѪ»һٴ۳Ϊһֻֻ䣡
ƾϫĽΪ޷ǳɱ
һĻõóϫͫһС
жϳÿһֻս൱һλڴڣԸĽɫĳϫԼֱѴ֮
֮ǰɵǣЩĿʵ̫ǵأ糱ˮ㣬ǻڲϵһħʬӿͷ·޾һ㡣
ʱԼһĨɱЩ侹һ˲ͻָ»óϫʱʶ˶ԷĿ£
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ô࣬塣
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ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ̵ĳϫ͹ȻʶأǶԼȫܣǰȥ
䣡
ӿգͷųִͨͻͺƴ󣬲ģѹʱնȥ
ϫɱеۻʼ٣ɱ£ָ
ৡ
ͬʱ̽ݺʱУ١嫺缲硢ɻ𣬻ûǧغ󣬺ͳϫһȫٳɱ
֮䣬˱Ⱥгǧɾ룬Ҫһħʬ
ٶȣƬ̣˱ɳΧȦ
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Ȼǿһħʬվӳ˰㣡
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ϸȥһħʬ֮ԺȻѣΪڣһ
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䣡
Ǿħʬſһ磬һƬѪɫ׵Ǻٲ㣬ϯ£촷ʱգݺݳϫ͹ɱ¡
һ˷ɫ䣬ڣгһǵĻϢ

һ̣ϫǳ΢΢ɫ䣬ٿصħʬͷŵƾȻһλǿĵ۾ڣ
ңѰһǡǵ۾
ϫ϶ɵ۾۾ԾĻ᲻ħʬ˿߱ǵ۾ϡ
½ǵ۾ڲʩչ߱񹦣Ա鱦£ƾϫսҲ֣
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֪һڳϫ͹ϣжء
䣡
һգħʬһѪϯһƬѪɫ¡¡ɱ¡
ͬʱ˫չһѪɫ׵Ƭض֣Ҫóϫ޿ӡ
ħʬʵ̫ߴǰϫ͹Լֱϰ㣬Ĺǿɲ֮Ѫɫ׵ǵأǬɽӶȾѪɫ
ߣ
һ̣ϫҲòݱܷâ͹Գһȥ
䣡
ȻڴʱǺ󷽵һħʬҲȻ͸ղһħʬһǰһ󣬳׽ϫ˵·
Σգ
ϫ͹Դ˿̾еĳλǵ۾ħʬԵü֮С
ϫĻ뵽ŵвֹǻգһЩս֮ɲ
ǵ۾ڰ
˵ˣѰ۾ˣֻ¶޲߰ɣ
ǻŵأաδ֪޷ɱΣգҲΪذĴˡ
һԱһ鱦ΪӮȡһᣬҪˡ
ֵĹͷϫһһĨȻ֮ɫɿ촫ԡ
£Ҳֶֻƴһƴˣ
ȳϫһٿȻڶ𡪡ӹӣŰ


1905 쳣

ϫһУû뵽Σʱ̣̫žСȻѹˡ
Σգ㡭
δ˵ֻ꣬һ죬һƬѪɫױк£㽫ϫ˶ǡ
أ
ܿһóϫͷʹܵĲѪ
ʦ棬û°ɣ
Դһ֧Ԯ
û¡
˵ţϫǽǬ㽫Ա
ӹӣŰа취ԸЩɲѪ䣡
ٴ͸Ž
ɲѪ䣿
а취Ը
ϫͫһУЩɡ
¡¡
ʱɸߵħʬǰǻŹѪɫױϢŰ죬ɢϢ˼Ϣ
ӣ죡

ƽȣ᧿Σ
գϫһҧóһͭУ򿪡
ಡ
һϮɫȹֱڷ磬ͷڣ׵İٿȻзɳ
СУһֻ㣬ɢʥƮݵϢ
һŵ˵ĹϫһѵҪԸĿɲֹһֻɲѪ䣬ҪǧСģһֵ
ˡ
ڳϫУѼһϵƤģ渲ܵĵͼ
ģ
ˡ
ȳϫ£ѿоģеһģǸڰյ͵һͷųһƬʢԣ
֮ģһ
롢ءƽ̤ɽӣŭ𵴾ʮأ
¡¡
ʱձ飬ǹʵʰ㣬˲Ѻݺɸߴħʬϡ
һɲǣϫԾ֣ԭڳħʬ˿̾׻Ӳͣһߵܡ
⣿
ҲסȻû뵽һȡɲЧ
ǿ߿ǵ۾ڵħʬ
ߣ
ѵûᣬϫˣɾҪŰ͹뿪
Īţһлûء
ķӦóϫһ
һ̣һУѶһ¸߹ͨŲȻɫȡ
ȣ
һԶǴ̫ž鱦̫žĪ⡣

ʱ򣬳ϫҲ֣ħʬһƳ׽ɲǼ䣬һɲѪӰˮ㣬ħʬ׹
ЩԭϢѪпĹء䡱һ̾Ҳͬһ㣬ħʬ׹䡣
һٻ飡
Уɫׯʥ࣬еķһ
һɲǣһɫ˻ǵӿ֣׹ɲѪȺȫǡ
أһƬʥİɫ溣󣬲ӿȼա
ܹɲѪƴӻŤ̶֣ļУƾȴ޷溣
һصУǵǽԶٻڻΪһѪɫ
գЩѪɫҲٻ޷ںһ𣬳
һУϫҲݣǺЩɲѪжôɱɰƾеĺͷȣɽɲѪɱóϫβ棿
⡭һｵһô
ҲסЩ˼ĸо
ӣ³װȫˡ
ʱ򣬰ҲظǷһĨЦݡ
û뵽˯꣬һӵ˾˵ܣҲ簡
ϫƳ̾
ǿģЩɲѪ䳹ΣӶʧȥ˶ħʬĿƣ׹˳
Ȼ󣬰÷ȵܣһٽЩеɲѪٻ׶ž¸Ŀܡ
ֶΣɴ䣬һʼղѴ֮ϫ޷һˡ
Ҫ֪ղЩɲѪĲ£ħʬӵǵ۾ܡ
Ų񾳳ڵΪѣȴ԰쵽һȻԵò˼֮
ϫʱЩףƵһֽʲһګګӣǰǰеǡЩɲѪĿǰˡ
ϫȻһ㣬ûаڣȻ񱦷Ļᡣ
ʦ棬̫žĹô
һʵĿдһĨ棬Ҳǵһμ̫žĺᣬֹȻ紫ǰ㣬̫žС綹ܲۡ
ԾԲ˶СԷˡ
ǹԣձ㣬ʦ档ϫЦŽܵ
ԹӡԵúǹɡ
æҹԾС
ϫĿһɨԶħʬأԴܰ㣬䶥أȴ͸һɱ׳ζ
Ϊȴаʵ̾
ϫ̾˿ǰħʬΣȻһӣһƬ籡̶̼֮䣬ͽħʬٻ
Ȼ󣬳ϫֽЩǻСװУ˵¡
뿪ɡ
һУϫԺͰԸһ
л
л
ڳϫһ뿪ʱȻͬһʱ
ϫһȻתĿλħǻҵĵطȴδʲô
ӣλħǰµһִڽѣһִҲ֮ɢԵҪл㡣
ҲԴؿųϫ
ЩɲΪлҡ
ϫЦЦΪȻתȥ

ʱ󣬳ϫһоյشһһնޱȵѰٵһȫĵط
Ϣһ£ж
ϫϥ񷣬֮ǳ˸ȴ£һ˿Ϣ
ҲζţĿǰΪֹһ·ǿУɻûгһ͵򾳡
ϵɲѪ䣬Ǿһ飿
ϫͻȻʵ
ʱİǰǰ㣬ڳϫϣǺЦ˫ҡҷţ̬һƬףһǵģ
ϫĻСԴ룬˵ģ̫žһǰŵأЩɲѪսܶΡ
˶٣ԣɲѪǻŵжеһ飬Բɱϲ޵ߵľǳĴʬУѱ֡
ϫȻü֪Ϊܹħʬӳѷɫǵ۾ܣ
˼ܼѽǻŵԶյһǾǿͨʬӳʬǰ߱ʬǰΪԽǿ󣬱֮󣬾ܷӳӦ
ԭҲ˵Ȼֻ˵һֻºͻŵейء
йأ
ϫһݣڽŵ֮ͬҲ֣˵صУһȫϹͬϢİأ׽͸


1906 ˵Ľ
ŵгȷܲѰһɹصİϢϹͬ
ԳϫͣҲݳԵ
ӲصģеǡԿƴ˵ص飬԰﹫ӻⲻΣ
ϫο
ϫȻЦǿͰˡ
ŷ۵Сȭͷݺݵͷӷģаڣ˭Ҳ۸ˡ
ܵеᶨζϫһůСѾͷʵϲ
ˣϵƤϵ֣
ȻϫһͼóЩȻǴӵ弫еˣȴ
ڵ̫ž壬ǺԨԴ
Ӱһͷڳϫǰһڵʼͼ
ף
һɨӣͲӣǴõЩƤ
Ϸ
ķӦóϫһ񣬵ºɰͼг
ŻȻֲãҲֻܹ̫žشġƹ֡
һ£ϫʱˣȻ˵Ƥϵ֣̫žµһģ
ͷֹģֻ̫žҺ᷽ܹϰϵá
ϫ۾һô˵ҲϵЩּˣ
ٴεͷüһԴֻƤ̫ƣطȱ©ҲֻϳЩּȴ̺˼
ϫüȰϳּ˵
ָһƤϱ£ƹֱ֣̫̳͡
ֱַָĿƤһһ˵ּ̺˼
Ԫ϶ա޶ϡ
ĿƤϷֱڹ͵ݣƲƶʶȥƷζȴȻ
ϫŰǷϣշ֣̫٣Ͼͼõ̺Ҳǲ֮
Щʲô֮ص֣һЩйռ;ص
ϫ˼С
ԺͰˣԶֹûдųϫ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫкȻһϤĸоԼоʱ˾ƺﾭ
ţ
һɲǣϫ͵ԼڻúͼƬʱҲлùһЩɬĪ֣ͬĲȱԡ
ǵΪЩ̺֣ۡõȻ̤ǰж
ͬҲΪЩеʾǰçŻʱͺͼƬйص
ʱ񣬳ϫأǵãͼƬֱַǻġ桢񡢹šۡ򡢼͡Ԫ
еġ֣ۡϹеġ򡱡
ġš桱֣ǺçŻйأҲΪóϫˣç֮Ǻͼĵߡ
׿̸ּ֪ͼ֣С񡢼͡Ԫûбϫаء
Ȼʱͼӡּϫʱһ˵ķ֡
Ƥּ̺У̺ͬš񡢼͡Ԫ֣
֮ͼƬʣδּƤҵӦ֣
ɺϣ
֮ĳֹ
һ뵽⣬ϫҲסһĨ
ݲƶϵƤԶǵϼһйػŵ֮ܣִܵпܻռ;ء
ǵ弫һµĹ۵㡣
񣬺ͼƬԼһвѵζţͼƬŵе֮Ҳһ˿
ͼƬŵء֮ռ;ء
һۺõóϫ˼·ԼԼһЩϸȥãȴ벻Ȼ
һнԶΪĿǰյϢǲȱҶһ˵Ʋ⣬ǷȷϫԼ޷϶
Σóϫеܡ
˴λŵ֮Уҵ֮˵ܹһд𰸳׸
ǣ֮־ֲڻŵصĸط
뵽⣬ϫнסһ̾ԼһƤĻƲ⣿
ͻָ侲ʼȻԼеͼǲȱģô֤뻹һЩȱƤܹҵȻ԰һͼƴ
ǣƤأ
ǰŵʱϫȴûǰ㣬֪һС
ϧ֪һҲܰ쵽ֻҡҡͷɻѹĵ
ӣʲôˣ
һֱ˼ĳϫȻ̾Ϣסʳ
ҲĿ˹
ȷһ⣬ԼһЩԺܽ⿪
ϫһͼЦ˵ˣصģǼжɡ
š
͹ͷ
ûͣϫչжȥѰδǿ򾳡
֮йռ;ĴȻˣɶԳϫǶԣ˴ǰŵصĿģȴǿ֮Ϊ֮λ׼

ʱת˲ţ֪ǹȥʮ졣
ЩУϫգֻңкüβ֣֮
ԭڣŵеĻʵ̫գ硢쫷ɽʱնϲ㡢ɷѪԼϡŹֵĿɲ顭Σʵ̫ˡ
ǰеĺͷڶԸЩɲʱܹӳޱȵãϫԼܷȻؼֵڡ
һ·ϵľҲóϫ֪˴δŰһǰһ֮顣
̫žĹֻڵΪ洫ȴӳ˳ܡ
Ҳֲõŵʱ̫žһж
ʮ졣
䣡
һ춯صĺʥİɫһͷĿصĸߴڻ˻ձٻһա
ѪĿԴ⣬ֻ֪ײɱɺܲء
˿׵СϷһĨ֮ɫ
ѪĿˣŵеһֿɲ飬ܾڷ籩Уӵɽ֮ǿ󣬿ȵ۾ڣ
գǰͷѪĿȴ˰ڵСС
һｵһˡ
⣬Ѳǰɱĵһɲ飬ʮʱУ߰˸൱ѪĿ˵Ĵڣɥڰ֣֮аϫһһޱȵ鷳
¡
ڳϫ뿪ʱȻ֮䣬ԶǿϣһƬǳȻһҡ
Щǳ׹һľ޴ҫޱȣض
ǿ֮ս
һУâ硣
Ҳ²ⲻƬǿбȻһƬѳ͵򾳣սƬйأ
ϫҲǳڣĸ֪ΪǿƬǿվԶɱһɶص򾳵ĽϢ


1907 Ѫ
ŵеû񷶥ȥǶǿգ
Ⲣζţ޵߿޾ŲƳ۳ǿ֮ϡ
ԭֻһ½أŵصǿиΪգΪɲ
޵һУֹСǱϮᱻǿպڶУС
Ҫǣŵеǿ£ŲǰʧѰٲ·
ȻһнֻЩδ͵ǿ򾳶ԡ
ЩѾ͵ǿ򾳣ΪӵԼĶ֮þγȻһȶУ޵߽УɻգΣճ̶Խ̫࣬º½жûʲô
ʶδѳ͵ǿ֮ǰϫһҲֻѡ½ж

ȥ
ԶһƬѳ͵ǿ򾳣мڷһսʱϫһϡ
ǵѣץס˴λᣬȥһѳ͵ǿ򾳾һȥһǡ籾Դ֮һִڡ
ԳϫжҪá
ʦ棬ǵˣǷѹ֣

ȿ
ϫлᣬԵϧһд۽֮ˡ
ৣৣৣ
ûٵ飬ϫ˵±ŲʱգǱǿȥ


࣬һ֮˻У޳Ľŭڡ
λ񹬵Ĵˣ˿̾޷Լ
أ
ɻ£䣬һѪܵͷ­׿գͷ­ŭĿԲأ͸Ųʺͺ⡣
һɲͷ­ͱ顣
Ȼǣһץסһͷʬ壬ǲѪĲ˱
ͺһͷҰڿʳѪ⣡
ˣٴƷ۷Ѫζ˻
Ƭ̺ͷһ̾ϢأһѪˮʣõſԵ쳣ˡ
ѿסͫţ
ɱ컯ɽĴ̫룬һԶ۵ȵһֶԾӱĸ콾
ڣ̫ȴˣ
ڻŵشڵɱУ֣֮
һʱЩ޷ܡ
Ҫ֪ڸղ̫롢˻ֵѹϵ˭һǿıԴ֮
˭룬գ֮䣬Ӿͻº֣һٽ̫͵ϮΪˣɱ̫룡

̫ʬŹʬеѪˮһգԵΪ̱̬
һϵеıʣõҲܵ˼Ϊǿҵĳ޷š
Ϊʲô
ԭĴ㣬˴νŵеʮˣжʮԵ弫еĵӣΨ̫롢ӡʥϡԼһԱӹ۵ĴˣԲͬϵͳС
ʥϰ˶
ŵ֮󣬾Ͳټ
ԭǺ̫һжģӲżǵĽһж˭ν˵ͬУһĺ̬ͽ
һ˵ʵԶһɲɣ˿ǳŭֱ
ӣû뵽㾹ˣ
俪ڣ޵ҧ顣
ԭˣֻ㲻֪ˡ
һףͽѱѪ̫ʬ˲ǣ˹΢Цڡ
˿̵һϮۣͷڣ̤ѥ̬׿Ȼ
ǷĿ˲̫ѪһĻʵںһ۵ϱ˳Ϊҫɳȱ̬
ɫǴӦ䵱ҵŮ澣αһΣ
Ӳδż֣ЦԶһֶζ顣
ֱû£룡
ЦãŵУûܾȵ㣬Ӧ侲ǿҵ飬ǴӦ԰ƬеıԴ͸㡣
Ҳ֪ʲôɫ˲侲ĿӣԲӣǽ񵺵Ĵˣ
ʥڴˣֻ»ἫΪͬжϡ
ϧ仰Ӷԣû鷢һ˿仯һЦģ
ָָͷָָ£ָָԼ˵ܵģҪס仰Ȼشң𲻴Ӧ䵱ҵŮ澣
УѴһĨ˵ζ
һɲǣѴһĨɭȻɱϢȻЩͷˡ
ܣ
͵һЦⲻмֱ޳ܵĶҲܣҲΪ֮ū澣

һ䣬ɱӿָſſɲĴݺ˺ʱգɱȥ
¡
Ƭձ飬װĺԵúޱȡ
һɲһһĨȻԼӶ֣Ǵ˴ƴһս
ϣ
һɫ䵶Уն棬Хȥ
춯صıʱңɲŰԲʮǳ𶯣׷׹䡣
صһĵˣһף͵ʶ˿չֳǱ۵ʱҪɲ֣

ЦһӰһݣٴγɱȥ۵ʱһЩֶΣΪϫӮң
¡
δ£ӳֿȭ֮Ļֶ£ɫԡ
һȴ˷ȫӶݡ
ȻӴսپԸȥ
ɱϾˣ
һХȻλһͷ߹ޱȵˣ𣬴ŹƱǶ˼¡
أ
ɳϵأѹֶΣǲһ֮͵һ͵һѪ»ΪΣɷ֮
ҹɣϿɲ˭ʸ䵱Ů澣ѵ㲻һ𣿡
ӴЦһָٴηճץȥ
һóѣɾͳɥʧһƣ޿ӡ
һɲǣɫ䣬ӿһĨŨŨĲʣѵ졭Ҫô
ৣ
ҲһɲǣһƥĽХȻ쳹ǿգ𵴾ʮء
۾һʹֻԼһҫۡҡƴĽն£
ϫ
ȻǿбŭޱȵĶϴ۵ʱһΣ㻹浱㣿
¡¡
£һޱȵսʱ쳹
ʱҰҲڻָȻԶѱϫסڼɱ
ǰң
һȻû뵽֮ǰزʶ޹ϸĳϫȴڴ˿̳ΪԼľǣԱѱͬӣ߲һĿȻ
кȻһɼΪӵ


1908 ̽ѰԴ
ǿʮ֮أǳϯ
ϫɱһ𣬺飬ɱϣԼ߱ȫӳ
һ̵ȣͶ֮䣬̰߱˻ģӹŽš
ϸԣǳϫڶκӶԾ
һ۵Уϫ˫֮䲻һٻͬƿ˫֮ӡ
һζԾҲóϫӵеսһ֪
ȻһٴκͶԷԾʱϫŷ֣ӳսһҪǿ࣡
ղţͬҲָܣΪϴ۵ʱһЩֶûʩչ
ϫȴôΪΪʩչֶΣŵеγһֶصĺӦΪֺӦӵսõһ
֮Ӵ˿̵ս֮Ա۵ʱǿ࣬һжΪһطõһŵе֮
ԵЩ˼ˡ
ϫ²͸Եɣȴ϶ӵһ㣬Ҳǽ񵺵Ĵˣ
Խϫӵɱľᶨ
۵ʱӲһ˿Īҷ֣ԷͬƺԼΪ㣬ޱȡ
£¸㲻ӵݣϫҲԲκεĴ
¡¡
սңǿУװľ죬ɢ˷
һ̵ӣͬɱʮ㣬ʩչ˫֮ͳϫȫһֱɱû찵أ޹⡣
ϫκβҵģ
ӴЦ̬һƬУһԵħǡ
ٽӶЮڹ⣬ݺɱĿɲܡ
𡣡
ϫһɵۻʰƣڸΨ
һ˲䣬ٴαǣ
ৣ
ϯգϽɫͷųȻģնһɴִĽǿкơ
¡¡֮һſǳȻ촷ۣʱղ裬γɵ߱޿ƥ֮
۵һԾУϫƾֶΣһٻǻꡣ
ӵĿһԾȻȹĿɲ֮ţ˿Ҳ΢΢ɫ䣬ͫһ
ৣ
ӽ߾ܣһͨ콣Ӳһ
ء
һײ˱ɳǧɣ鴤̲סڿѪ
ɶ񣡳ϫȱָ֮գڣ
Ӵʥͷɢһӱɺޱȣòɲޱȡ
ಣ
һ̣ǲսˣԶӶݶȥ
ߣ£
һԵӰٿȻǰͬʱһĨݺݳնɱȥ
ѾãڰһֱӶݣ
һж̫죬һӾʹһֲһӲնϣ˺ѿһѪۣƤɼǡ
ˣ
ʹôĿǶܼʱһҪ
ಣಣ
ͬʱϫҲл
һ˲䣬ͽӵ·׷
ΪͿɱЦ
ΣֵĹͷӾǷһЦü֮ľǷȻ֮⡣
䣡
һ˲ϾһѪ⣬ֱ嶷ţƬǿնȾѪɫǡ
ͬʱһɼΣյϢ
ˣ
ϫͫһУ͵һȣһӣ󷽱˶ȥ
ԺҲʶףپϫѣǼҲʶسԶܿ
¡¡
Ǹձܿ˾ٿȻըΪǧѪ⣬ٿȻ˷ȥ
Ƭǿն붯У𣬿ɲ籩ϯõóϫҲܡ
ֱƬ̺һлϢһգƬԭǧǳǿգǳ׻ΪһƬ֮أ˵ǳһʯҲ
ϫǵţ´ʱһҪͳͳǧУң
һ͸޾Թ쳹ŵǿУʧ
һﾹû
ɫ΢䣬ʱʶղŵӲԱʩչһֿɲطӶݶߣ
ô
Ҳɫòš
һӶѣ˵ּл֮£ܹδҲ̫ˡ
һˣҵǲỳݣڣѾԶ϶Ͳӡ
ϫһкӿָоһﲢϹе޵ߣŵе࣡
Իŵأ
ԺȻһ˵Ļӵݿɾ̫ˣ˭ΪλϹУ
ȤŵؿлҪأץסӣ˵ܴеõһЩмֵϢ
ϫ˼һֱ˼ӵĻоԷ֮˳ԼֻбʲôԵˡ
ϫѣζл֡
ʱǰ񣬸м
ؿ
ϫЦЦһЩУ˵ҲһЩԨԴ
Ŷʳϫλǣ
۾һ
̫ȡ
ϫһ֣̫ȱǵѧԺһλϹŶʦƺǵִϹ֮ΪһĺᣬǰС
ԭ̫ʦá
ǶʱһĨЦ⣬Ȼ̫ȵĹϵΪ
ϫȻȻû뵽̫ȾΪʦãҪ֪ڵѧԺʱ̫ȵıֿǼΪߣϫҲһǰ
ʱǨЩΪݵĲͬѷ˷츲صı仯
ϫΪɽ״ӣѩСʦܣ̫Ϊʦá
ۼֵĻϫҪ̫ȻҪ̫ࡣ
ȻⶫԼŵʦֵܶԣϸִУʱȫûʲôˡ
Թ飬Ǳһͬȥ̽һ̽Ƭеġ籾ԴΣ
ϫȻѯڡ
һײһ
ģֻǿһǡ籾ԴǺΪԺж׼
ϫЦ˵
ϫѲ˿ղǵ㼰ʱȣֻ⣬°⡮֮ãҲԹԡ
ɫ˵
ľģԹﲻضԡ
ϫɲ֮ΣȻȷ̫ȵʦ㣬Բٸɳûٵ顣
ǳϫĴԭ򣬴֮صڣνرģˡ
²˳٣䣬ǻǸϽжɡ
һ̣ϫתƻ⡣
ˣԳϫøоҲмѰԴ⣬ԺлᣬһҪ˵ȴ

Ҳûٵ飬ɫ棬ָԶǿգ֮ǰҺ̫֪̽һƬ򾳵ıԴ֮ͲһƬУ
ߣ
£ϫԡӰһŲʱգһƬǿշɶݶȥ


1909 
һƬѪɫɷƣ͸һļµɭϢ
أ
ȻһѪɫӰһ׹ʯݺУһƬŨѪɫˮ

Ӱһ׹䣬͵ɺͫһɨܣֲΣ֮󣬶ʱ
ʼڴϢ
ܹȾѪɷ͸ɺѪǻǰȻһɼǵ˿ڣĿġ
ˣӡ
ֻ˿̵ȴԵ쳣ǱˣϢң±ѪɫˮմȾԶԶȥֱɵѪƵġ
ɶ񣡸ļԪӦߣȱһ֮ʱ
ҧɫŤдԹͺ⡣
ʵڱˣղŲһغղһУֱѳϫ޵˹
Ƭ̺
ֹͣϢɫԻָͷ˿ǰһˣһʱԼƸ޷ϡ
ܹҵñ䵽ҵĵز
Ҳ֪ʲôӷһ̾ϢɺзһĨ׷֮ɫ
ѾܾúܾûлˣΪ˴뿪ǰϹִòڴ˵ء
ԭڣŵغϹ֮䣬һȻϡ
Ҫ룬ֱȵ컹ѡ
ͺñȴ˴νŵʱΨе弫֣ܿٳһͨ
Ӵӻŵ뿪ҲһطֽŽ뵽ϹС
񷵻ʱȴȻ֣ĻŵѱĿȫǣٲϤһС
ʱǨһжˡ
ǻŵأҲʱʱ̶̿ڷ仯ҪѰٵϤĺۼǲܡ
Ҳ֪һоǶǴȴΪū򲻴棬湻̵ġ
ַһ̾Ϣ˲ʺʧ䡣
ܿ죬ӾͲٶ룬һж仯ȴҿ϶ԼɴŵУ

ȻƬѪɫֵɷһƿơ
ɫʱһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷȥͿһֻ޴ޱȵѪɫʱգԶХ
ͫѪ繳˫һչǧɷΧͨѪ磬ͷųɲѪϢ
Ϣжϣ񾹻Ȼѷɫڵ۾ڣ
ѪӤ
ͷѪɫģʱӴȴǷһĨصЦݡ
Ħǡ
һ̣оͷһɬޱȵڣޱȣϹеȫͬȴ͸һɺׯζ
һ̵ӣɫҲǿƣһλ߰㣬һͷԶѪɫ
ণ
ѪɫһһѪͫȻһĨɻͣڰУɷ
ˣɫϣټӿ죬ɬһЩʲô
Ƭ̺Ѫɫо¶һ˿ηǳ˰㡣
ӼˣȻЦˣ૵ãЩﻹû˵ԡ
˵ʱӰһѪɫϣңңָһ򣬵˵һʲô
ಡ
һ̣Ѫɫһչ˫ƿʧ
ϫţ
зһЦ


һƬռŶУŲƷɶݵĳϫƲʲôٿȻ㣬ȻԶ
ֻԶУһž޴ޱȵĻǧǳΧܣǹ£ںһλߡ
ǻʵ̫޴źޱȵıԴϢһȥͷ·ĿһС硱㣡
ֹȴıԴĺġ
ǣ
ȻƬ򾳵ıԴ֮ɣ
ϫԡ𺳣ڳϫϵİ̲ס̽ԴشһС
ֻҪɻá֮һٳ۾ɾ֮ܣ
ƣ͸һĨĵĿ
֮һĪõ۾ӵмԦ򾳣ƿǬγܣ
ϹǧУÿһ򾳽ԶһλȴڶԵУͷ·һ򾳶Եа㣬֪жֲ
Թسɣȥɡ
ϫһ۾ͿԼ˼ɣֻѲһгȥչжˡ
лˡ
һҪлϫĳȫһимΪ֡
˵գתҪж
ɾڴʱϫȻʲôüͷһ壬ʱгԹ
һбòΪϫıˡ
ԹﲻᣬȿǱߡ
ϫָԶġ籾Դܣɫأһص籾ԴܣһðȻǰǲ롣
һʱ֪Լ˳ϫвһΣлϫѡ
˵ţ̧ȥȴɻѣ૵ʲôΪҾ֪
ǵģУһž޴Ļ籾Դܣǧǳ֮⣬
ܲһ˿ΣյϢ
ʦ棬Ǿʲô
һ̣ҲЩɻͬûв
˵ķӦóϫüͷһͻȻ֪ԼƾеĽƣŲһС
ǵ֪֮ͬҲһĴڡ
ৣ
ûгɣϫָһٿȻʱգԶĻȥ

һ̣͹ԳԾĿע£ͿһĨδȥһƬɺˮУһƬʧ
һ̣ҲڿԭǻֵǧǳܣȻһε
һɫڤڤȴڣԵ֮
䵱һʱõ͹Ҳɫһ䣬һɲƵĺ⡣
ͺֻҪ΢һһصͻɵ㣡
ʲô
Ժ
ϫҲü˴𰸣ȴȷ
ǽ
ڴʱһֱδİˣɫ޹⣬ѻʹйؽһģһ
˶٣ԣ꣬ǲСմȾ˽ӳŵأȴ޷һ˸ɵС

֪𰸣ϫҲסȻˡ
һ̣Ǻ²ѣղǳϫסԼ˿̵Լֻ٣
˭뵽򾳱ԴܣŽҪֻ¾Щˡ
ü
ֹѣֱ֮
ɵ֪Ǻεȿɲ
ϫǲŲ񾳽磬ʮǧ£˭ȥ籾Դ
ô졭
ʱ֮䣬޲ߣԸӡ
һϻԵǰֿɵãƫƫȴһĪɱǰֱĥˡ



1910 
š
ۿһϻԵߣȴ޷һֱܰ˼尾Ըӵĵز
л֮
̲סʵ
Ҳ̲סŤͷղ˼ңֱʱע⵽Ĵڣסһ̫ž壿
û뵽Ѿ³еĹȺӴ
ûС
ҡͷл֮Ҳٶˡ
شԭһ˿ϣʱɫӿһĨ
ѵ˴Լ׺򾳱Դ֮Եô
ǿԳ̽ѰһҳһЩԱܿӶﵽ򾳱ԴĿġ
Գ
Ҳá
룬ȥһԣʹ˷עһӡ
ˡ
ȻһֱĬĳϫԶҸղŹ۲ܲһƬ򾳱Դÿһռ䣬ûκѰ
˶٣ȥտҳһЩԻ̫ྫʱ䣬ʱһֻ»˿ˡ
һϯõùԺԶĬأҲУҲУô죿
Ǳץʱж
ϫɫ֣أٵȥˡ
ж
£ָжѵҪȥһģ
ԺԶɻ
Թ׼һƿǽķɵץס˴λᡣ
ϫȴƲԸʲôֱ˵Լļƻ
ʲôʦҪȥУһǵϮǡǡ
ɫ΢䣬Ȱ衣
ɲԸΪ˰óϫܵʲôΣˡ
ϫѣ˾̫գ˰ɡ
ҲһȰ裬ϫѾȹһΣΪԼȥƴȶ飬ɳܲס
ģҿɲԼЦ
ϫЦЦɫׯ࣬տȻ䣬Թǧˣ
ˡ
δ£һɻɬصĲٿȻӳϫɢ㣬Ϣɢȥ
һжԼˣֻܸɵ۾ǽǽţԴҲ벻ףʦΪҪô
ͬˣ벻ףȴǸжԸӣһ̳ϫȥֻ¶ˡ
䣡
أһɵͳײ쳹ܹһž޴򾳱ԴܣٿȻһƬεӿ
ԶԶȥͺһҼٷɳ۵Сƽĺ棬һȦȦ˳
СǳϫǺɫĽ
һĻԺԶкݺһЩţǽȻıϫˣ
ô쵽ģ
Ҫ֪Ҳ޲ߣ
죬ж
Ӧϫڣһɫͬׯص˼£һĨҵɫӿ
ʱҶ롣
ɫȻתȫһűĹԴϫѰﵽһˣץסᣬԼ޷ԭԼ
䣡
գһ̶쳹ֻԶǲӿĽ͵رһѷ졣
ѷľͷһ޴򾳱Դ
ৣ
ͬʱӰһһ磬ɲ֮һѷ죬ٿȻ˹ȥ
¡
һѷȻʧʱӰ˹ȥʧ
һǺֱ룡
»ָϫ˿ⷺһĨɫ૵Ȼˡ
ʱԺͰѿסȻĳɹˣ
ϫѣлˣκβǲصȫԸǣ
һŻƵ򾳱Դڣ쳹ޱȵׯأһɷĵĸм
ʧ
ܹ֪һƬԭֹ籾Դһ̺Ȼʼתͺӳѹ
Ȼ˿̵Ѿʼ򾳱Դ
ĳɹˣ
ԸпǧһϫĿУ͸һĨľζ
ʦΪǳϣһвܵз·𶼲⡣
ӣΰ쵽ģ
̲ס
ʱ򣬳ϫ΢΢һЦһǡܹԿ
ϫԣеĽơ
ԺͼƬУϫҲ֪ƾԼϢԸ֪׽˵ԿƶֵһֶΡ
񾭹̽ϫȴٴη֣Ƶ֮˼ˡ
ڶԸЩʱԷӳ˼ã
óϫԼҲû뵽һķֺ;ϲõȷԺʱԱ֤Լٶ
˳ϫĻԺͰҲס𶯣Կ̫˼ˡ
Ҫ֪εǿ󣬿ȴ޷ϫȴ쵽ˣ
β˾棿
̫ˣԺҲղǰ޲ˡ
ϲ
ҲǵͷѣΪȻ³ϫŵ˽ӦƾֶΣҲԴӴ˵ˣ
ԹѳװȫǰҪжȡһ򾳱ԴѾȫܡ
ϫԶ۲ãһжϣ򾳱Դʱصıдˡ
Ϊ򾳱ԴܣֹܲŽҵʼƬ򾳱ԴʱٲȻѿʼƬǿյõ𽥳ΪƬǿ򾳵ˡ
£˭ܹŵ
ϫԸȷһϻԵ֮󣬱Ȼ̤۾Ϊһ
ˣ뿪ɡ
ϫһתȥ
˴λõĻԵ̸Ľ෴ͨ£֪򾳱Դ֮ʲôָԼʱĸ
һжжĪ档
οͨ˴γ֣ύѣҲ㲻С
˵ԺϫѣȻԹˡ
ڴˣԵҲδ˵ʲôȻΪĽļʦľ϶дˡ

ܿ죬ϫ˱뿪Ƭ򾳣طŵش½ϣչ˼̽Ѱǿ򾳵ж

ͬʱǻͶطһ˳һƬС
ǰ֮⣬Ȼһ򾳱Դ
ַģҵ޷Կǽȴа취ܿȻֻǼʱ䣬Ҳ㹻򾳱Դˡ
ĬãطЦڣ
ȻˣǾʹֿɣԺж飬Ͱ֮ǰԼķʽϵ
ǻɫȻ˵һ䣬̫Ͻһתȥ
ãһﲢδ塭
طǻһ뿪ưһĿԶ򾳱ԴӿһĨڵڴ


1911 ֻ֮Դ
ŵожѳ͵ǿ򾳣
˭Ҳ
ϫͬ޷жϣԼȥѰңѳ͵ǿ򾳣ҲԼԵ
óϫüǣֱ֮ʱȥһ·Ͼûзκһ͵ǿ򾳡
ƺЩ
ˣϫҲżĵǣж룬һ·ΣԽԽˣ
ֲֹϣһ·ϻϡŹֵ飬սԶǿޱȣһѷɫڵ۾ģ
һ·аеĺͷȳ䵱ɱﵣϫԼֵܷڡ
ʱǱ㱻һƬֲָĻҰɫУŨ̹ɷڡ
ЩɷһɿɲܹϢ֮䣬ʴ޵ߵ꣬۵ģ߻ħɵ
֪֮Ҳֻ̽Բǧɵľ룬񾳴ڶԣһвľ롣
ҲҺãϫյĽδܵӰ죬ããɷУҲ·ʧС
ֹˣɷиɲ飬в֡
ǱڰĴ̿ͣһСģͻܵǵ׺͵Ϯ
һ·нˣϫߴ͵Ϯÿһζ֮գŻΪġ
óϫҲòǰٶȣһ·С
һϮսȴóϫõһĥºʹ𽥳ؾٶȻ֮ɱϾһֽҲø
Ҳͬˡ
սһʵսеõһִ
һй׶ǱƵġ
ԽգǱԽױÿһսһڲԾвɱ䡣
ͬĥ£ϫ֮ҲԽԽĬ˵Ϳչһϡ

أϫǲǰ
Ϊ˷ɷгʴǲòתȫΪȥͷ
£ϫҲϵϢ
֮ããУϫǾҹɫеө棬Ե쳣ۡ
ĴҲǵǱڴ˵Ϯ
Ҳû취顣
ϫǶԴˣҲѼֲ֡
ৣ
ٿȻһƵѪӰһʱգݺݳΪ׵ĳϫɱȥ
أ
ʶأϫ𽣹ɱ£Ӳסһȴĵ˲ֹ
д˿ɼ͵ϮӰսǺεȿ¡
ಣ
ڳϫ˵ͬʱһĹҲչɱϣһת˼¡
ˡ
֮ģһװĹĵȻڴ˿Ҳˡ
ܹһѪɫӰ͹Խ棬ɵʱȴ͵һΪ֮һ
۵һץסᣬһӲնѪɫӰϣһƬȳޱȵѪˮ
𡭡
ػѪɫӰʹŭ𣬱ŭҪɱǰĹԡ
ɾڴʱһǻ԰ĴӰһԸס
٣
ô˻ᣬһİѼȣʥİɫ棬һѪɫӰ׸ǡ
֮䣬ѪɫӰһޱȵĲҽзٻ
һж̫죬ѪɫӰ͵Ϯϫԡ̳֣һϵжԶڵʯ֮䡣
ѪɫӰӦͱɱ
Ĭһ·ɱóϫԡѵսʽʶذ쵽һ
ѪɫӰǿȵ۾ؾսϫʩչ߱񹦣ֻ¶֡
ܹ֮˿ɱԷһϼΪĬһҲΪе񱦣ŵеĸ
ѪɫӰ󣬳ϫֲ֣СľܣŹԡ˼ǰС
ףӵȵȡ
Ȼ׳㿴ָŸղѪɫӰĵط
ϫƳȥʱͿϸһ߲ͭƬԼĪƴСͨ尵κϢѰʯɳ㣬ϸ֪׾Ͱˡ
ͭƬ
ϫǰϸһͭƬϿһֻּ֮Դȥȥ
ּʲݣһɾ־ζ˴Ŀġ
ֻ֮Դ뿪˵ô
ɫص
⼣߲Ӵֻкܳʱ䣬ǲع⣬ֻΣҲ˵׼
ϫǻǼǰаɡ
ԵͷҲԣŵбͳ̫δ֪գһƵͭƬѣ㲻ʲô
£ϫûٳɣǰС
һ·ϣϫȴʱֳһͭƬֻ֮Դζʲô
˭һͭƬ
˺εȿɲıʣŻ´ԣѺˣ
һжգóϫŵصȷ̫أδ֪弫֪֮٣飬ҲݲóϫСġ


ϫһ߳ƬɷǵһƬɽС
һ̣˽Զһһ·ʵ̫գ֪֮ܵ޲˵Ҫʱ̷űϮζɾԲܡ
һǳϫǹԡˣսԶ߲٣ǰƾڵļ
ȽٶȣõóϫȲѡ
Ҹط
ϫһж
£ԻȻ̧ͷԶǿգʦ쿴һƬǿ򾳷ֲŽϢ
ţ
ϫҲһԶȥȻͷ֣ǺȻһѳ͵ǿ磡
ôȥҵһ
ܵϲɫһ·̫գȴٳҲĿ꣬õҲʶ˿̿һĻʱŻԵ˼
ߣȥ
ûгɣϫȳһƬǿճȥ
ȷһƬ͵򾳣ǿгӯһɶصĽ÷ֲƬǿеﶼһȶ״̬Уγ
ΪóϫϲǣƬԻṳ̂㡣
ֻ˽ʱϫҴƬеıԴ
һƬıԴŻޱȵĻϢΧǳʥ
ʦ棬жɣһԵɵףһҪץ˴ʱһٽˣ
һߴٳϫ

ϫҡͷøͼɰɣ˴λһٽײһ츲صɱ䡣
ԶʱһҪȰȴϫֹôˣҲĪҪ黳´ҵһƬ򾳱Դ
ʦ桭
ӿһĨĸж
ϻˣһ
ϫЦЦͼٻ¸֮ͼɣú׼
ɾڴʱƲʲôǵЦʱ̣ϵĶͣ
ʦ棬ôˣ
һɻ
ҪţڴӰп
ϫɫȴɿѹԺͰս׼


1912 ƾͼ
ԣԺͰԶһУԴһģ
ԭǡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫһĨײһš
ãû뵽򾳱Դܣһɽô죿
ϫü״Ƶһηֽ㣬һΪѵģ
ԺͰʱᣬ֪ϫϷ
ʦ棬ǽϻԵ»ȥҲҪƴһƴ
ҧ˵Զ򾳱ԴĿо̰֮ɫ
򲻿ɣ
ϫɫһǳ㲻Ҫˣ򾳱Դ֮࣬öнţȴֻһһ⣬ɲܹеģ
ɫòƼΪΪѺԥȻһ̾ʦ棬˵ô죿ѵһϻԵʧۣ֮
ˣϫжޣȻû뵽СѰĬԣϷΩΩФ
Σֻܷˡ
ϫĬƬ̣ҲȻһ̾г˲ʡ
ǿŹԼ򣬵û£ʧȥһԵһ˻ŲҪ
Ե˵ͷɫ
߰ɡ
ϫٴԶǿ򾳱ԴһۣǼΪᣬջһҧתȥ
ˣַһ̾Ϣæ׷ȥ
ܿ죬˵ӰʧããǿС


ڳϫ͹ԵӰʧƬ̺ƬǿкȻһղֳһӰ
٣û뵽ϫǼһﻹǵСȻôˣҲãǰһϻԵװױǡ
ЦмЦ
Ȼղųϫ͹ԵĽ̸жǿС
һﵹҲǣǽܹģΪ˱ȡжҲ֮С
˳侲
˽ԶΪȻ
ΨǻüĬã˵Ǹоϫ֪Ѷ˵ˣ
һ仰̫Ͻ̴˽ԶԶһԺвԾϫ۵ϵһ֡
ܿ죬ǵɫԶЩأȷϫɿܾʹ˷ˣ
ʦ֣ϫǼһڴʲô⣿
˾ɳ
ǻĿһɨܣĮȻȥѰһ£һһǷ˰
Ȼͬɳϫ˲ûȥǶ˰ڿǣ
ߣ
ܿ죬̫Ͻ̴˷ͷӳƬǿ˷ϸѰȥ
ǻԭأѪͫ磬ԶһƬ򾳱ԴĬ
Դ۵һԾаڳϫ֪֮ϫԲһѰ֮һս֮ǿ֮Ļ֮ǻ궼Щ硣
㲻ɴȵĶ֣ǻٽԸҲκһ˿⡣
ϧϴڽŵʱûһٽɱ
ǻ̾˿
ǸղŶڰ֮Գٳٲ֣ԭֻһǾûоԵİܹϫ͹Գ£
̫ɵϫƾЩˣ˳ϫҪɱϫֻȴЩѡ
Ҫǣһôˣ̫ϽһЩԤϵ˺
ǻ޷ܵġ
ϾһϻԵͽߣ£ǻԸȥͳϫƴܾˡ
˵ɵϫҲǲܵ顣
ǻսԼȷ˳ϫһƾƣֲ㡣
ǻɵģǳϫԱ鱦ֶΣǻͷ۵ġ
ʵ޷Ͼܹ쵽һͬҲ޷󣬳ϫô˻ȥۡ
ǿ鱦
Ǵײˣ
ͱ
Ǹļһ
ǻнס̾˿ҡҡͷЩǽ˼ǰһϻԵϡ
Ǵ˴ο˳һƬ򾳱Դұһ̤۾ӵܣʱ򡭡ϫʲôҶ
ǻһ뵽⣬ҲԼΪٶԸ񾳵ĳϫʱǼֱһֻϻɣ
ʦ֣ѾϸѰˣûз쳣
ʱЩ̫Ͻ̴½أԶûзκ쳣ɫҲ֮
Ŷ
ǻ֪һзǵṳ̂ʵЩɲˡ
Ǽһѵľˣ
ʦ֣ٹǣƿǽ򾳱Դеʱ򣬼ϫǼһﷵҲ޼¡
˳Цǳϫõģ̤֮ʱĴúεأ
ԣʦ֣ǰ㻤ôʱչжĪҪٵ顣
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ǻˣһϷһĨȻ֮ɫȻˣǾôɣ
ˣ
δ£ǻһֳһͭ˾ԲڷӿƲȻһ֣㷢һĺ쳹ʮء
һɲǣؼ侹һţǻ˹룬ӳĵһڴеoƥʮ
ɾ
̫Ͻر֮һŴ˾תߵУ»ݣǬ׸ģӵ಻˼á
ˣ̫Ͻ˽ԶɫȻܣתΪʼǻ껤
ৣ
ǻûгɣкɾһӣٿȻӿһƥȻ糯ϼҫ۳ʢһֲ˼ٶȺɨȥ
䣡
ԶһƬ򾳱ԴܣȻһȦҵǱǽɾ͵ؿʼҷ
ҿ
ǻȣһƥӺɾӳֻһ죬ӲһƬ忪һѷ죡
ৣ
ͬʱǻӰһ㳯һѷŲƶȥҪô˻ᣬһٳһƬ򾳱ԴС
һɲ̫Ͻ̴˽Զŵ˼£ǱϾǽɲǲǻ굣ġ
ৣ
ۼǻҪһѷ͵ظֳһǻǰһն£
һֱѾãȴ̫˼飬Ҳ̫졣
£˵ǻֻ꣬¾ǵ۾ڣֻҲᱻһֲˡ
Ȼһ̵ǻȴԤϵһĻ㣬ǷһĨޱȵĻȡ
ͬʱӰٿȻʧ֮յرܿһͻĽ
ϫҹ
һ̣ǻŲʱգһƳԶպݺȥ
¡
ԺƥƬӲ飬Ϊա
ܹһӰһ֮ǰһӰӰܵһࡣ
һӰȻǳϫ
ߣ۵ʱϸĦеս۵Ƚ󣬴̽һй¼᲻֪һﻹһǱٵط
㾹ҹʼʩδ̫Сǻˣ
ǻɫ飬ĿϫǷһĨŪ


1913 թ
ǻ͸Žš
ȻղŲֹ˳ϫϷͬƾͼƣһϷ
ԸղͻĴɱҲ޷ܵˡ
ڴˣԶĳϫȴǵȻһЦ²㣬ǲ޴
һ仰ǻһУʱ㻹Ū飡
˵ʱ˻֣ʾ̫Ͻ̴׼ٲȻһҪϫµļơ
һ̣Щ̫Ͻ̴㷴ӦԭղŵһУϷ
ǽԶǻ꣬ɶ˵ǹΪƸΪꡣ
ৣৣৣ
ûгɣǻʾ⣬ҪγΧ֮ƣ׶סϫ·
ţ
ȻǻƲʲôסĿһȴֻӷԸǰͬȴԭû
ӰǶǰ
ǻüȳ⣬ʲôʱˣһﻹӣֱǲˡ
ֹǻ̫꣬Ͻ̴ҲһĻԶüͷһ塣
ֻ²ķԸˡ
һ̣ϫȻЦſڣܲµҶڰֺγ֪ȥɱֻͽͣ
һǻɫԶ΢΢һ䣬ϵˣ
Բš
ۣۣ
ɾڴʱǱǻӰ̫Ͻ̴ʺظֳѪۣȻѪƿӿѪȪȾ͸գ
ǵʺȻѱϣֻٶ̫죬ֱʱʺ˿ڲųܲסѹȣȻѣ
ȻѪܵͷ­䣬˵Ҳ֮Ȼ¡
һѪȻ棬ƽ֮ϢȴԵѪˣҰһǿҵĳ

ô
λʦܡ
̫Ͻ̴˽ԶͫʧɫòԲƵġ
˭뵽Լߵλͬ飬Ȼ֮ͱжˣ
̫˼飡Ҳ̫ˣ
һ뵽Լղžͬߣȴǵ޲̫Ͻ̴˾ͻֱð׹ߡ
ʱǻҲ˳ϫе˼֮ǰҪԸĸԼӰˣ
֮ԻԼ֣ȫΪ˻
ǻȴأ벻һ㣬ϫΰ쵽һģ
һ˵ʵԶɲ֮ɡ
ৣ
ǻûдлعϫѺȻӿգֱָǻȥ
Ľţʽ
ˣ
ͬʱһ𵴣羪֮ɢһɿɲϯȥ
һԶǿбӶ̫Ͻ̴ˡ
һ˲䣬ϫ̶֣Ĭһǿľɱ֮
ߣ
ǻȣкɾһգȻϫĽһӣЮסɱͬʬӰ͵һԶȥ
һ̣ǻԼ˳ϫĵΪͬǵƳ׵Ȼ޴档
£ǻٲģҲòʱܡ
¡
һƬײУ̫Ͻ̴ҲսǻӶݵͬʱҲȥ
ߣ
ߣȻᣬɿˣӰһҪ׷ȥ
ȴϫס׷ˣ⹷ǽ
ü룬ҲϿ˳ϫľȷʱҪɱǻһˣҲȻҪһĴۡ
ʦ棬һɱĻ
Գڡ
ʱǻһӵӰ١
ɱãҿǿ϶ðգϾǿͬ顣
ϫƽҲ޲ýǻһ˳£Ǹô
һΪûʮȫգΪһϻԵߣʱȥ͵ƴԱ״
ڳϫֻҪŵУԺеĻɱǻǣǲؼһʱ
˴̫Ͻ̹˽ŵУʧǶԣһصĴ
һЦҲͼʦܳһڶ
˵⣬Ȼʲôʳϫʦ棬ղɱ˵ģ
ϫ룬δһΪʽĽͻϮɱʱ˷ʤֻǻ᲻Ŀɲֹˡ
ԭˡ
Եͷȴ̾ϫĽֶΡ
ʵϸһ룬ղһϵսңҲûྪĳȴáթ仯ˡݡ
ǻһ˿ʱϫϷ
ϫϷʱǻǽƾͼƣҲһϷ
һУֱϫƣչһƾͼƵжһɱԷˡ
ʼգ˴˶ƣѲֻսǻۡĻֶΡԼٳӦ͡
ֻһԾϫҲһ˲ɱԷˣԤϡ
Ͼ˿ɲѰ۵ȣѡγĶ۷ڣÿһǾ̳ӵаͬǿߵܡ
ÿʧһнԣһ𶯣̫Ͻȵ弫֮һŶԣͬһֳصĴ
ȴһ˲̫Ͻ̴ˣǴ磬Ҳ֪εȾȻˡ

ϫûе飬ͼٻй򾳱ԴһСͼɱҪܾȴֲϫ־Ҳƴǡ

£ϫʩչƣӲǽһѷ졣
ͼɳô˻ᣬӰһУһжչüΪ˳δٷκ⡣
Ҳóϫ˿
һƹضʱɾͳΪ۾ˣƿһ֮
ԸпеûмʣеֻԵף
ϫЦЦûж˵ʲô
˲δʹȥڴ˵ʱ䡣
ͼҪƬ򾳱ԴҪ֮ãȫûҪغڴˡ
ϫڣʱУһֱڹ۲һƬ򾳱Դı仯ͼɲֹ򾳱ԴһּΪٶȱȡܵĽҲʧ
ͷȥʱ䣬ͼɲһƾ
ʦ棬֮ǰѺͼʱԻطȡϵ
һ˵
Ȼˣ뿪ɡ
ϫ˵ͷͼɣʱҲûܹŵͼɣĳܹƿ籾ԴȻ⼸ǲܵ顣
Ͼ򾳱Դһ֮򾳱ԴͼɣͬƹƬ򾳵ˣ£Ҳֻе٣ƻһˡ
ȻŽֻǳϫƶϣҲֿ϶ͼɵĴǾ԰ȫġ
֮£Ŀܶʮȫʮģ
Ѿóϫȥġ
ߣ
£ϫ͹ûгɣӰһ뿪Ƭ򾳣طŵش½ϡ
˸ովȽŲƬ֮䣬ٿȻ쳹һޱȵĵ
Х
һ̣ŵϣţΨһڻص



1914 籩ѩԭ
ϫһ𣬻Ȼ̧ͷ
ֻԶһƬǿУ֪ʱӯһʥ⣬ҫգĿ֮
ھʵ̫ңԶƾ֮ϫҲ޷Ǳ߾ʲô
һɲϫԺȴʶظֳһͷ˽۾ɾ֮λˣ
Ǻĵʥĵ⣬ǽʱ
˭
ŽŵزʱѣѰ쵽һ
ϫ𶯣þ޷ƽϢ
ԼжȷĻҲζţЩŵصĵУһ󲽣ԶԶˣ
ѣԲؽš
ǵˡ
Ǻֱ룡
ϫȥԿѰĵ۾ڣƿء֮ȴǸеޱȵļɵûжܹ֮Կ
۾Ϲн۷Уһ뢣졣
֮۾£ƿŶеġһ֮ٲȻͬ۾еף
ȴڣȫµǿߣ˭ܹ֮Կ
жɲϫ޷˵ȴϹһǧУӵƵ飬ܹΪģȴֻǧˣ
ȷĿƲ٣ǷϹ޵УԵúϡ֮ˡ
ϡΪ
޵ͬˣԽǸľ磬ԽԵִľ磬ܹ̤ϵģϡ١
ӹɣȻӵгܣ
û뵽ʱ˿̾ǰһ쵽ˡ
һ̣Ҳס̾˿ͳϫһʶһ̤ز
̫⣬ŵسδ֪գɲý֮󣬱Ժ޼ɣ޷ˡ
ϫһȻ˵߰ɣǼжʱϵԽãǱԽ
Ե˵ͷɫϾ
˽ˣ
һֹ̣ǳϫǣֲڻŵЩԲͬĴˣҲһĻ

ô˿죬־˭쵽һģ
Ժǧ˫ָ
Ǻ󷽣طһƬ򾳱Դбչء
ǧڵԺ˲δȥػ
ǿ뿪ȥжʧȥ˶ط̣ǵĴΪȶط֮ɶطж
ʱжطλ򣬶ѰٸǿԲơ
ʱĿõһĻʱǧǵɫԶأЩɲ
Ǻͳϫһͬ޷жϣǴ˿̽ľ˭־ǵѡ
ֻϣʦܹذɡ
ǧ̾˿ʱ˿̣ǶԴҲ޲ߣֻܰϣڶطϡ

ǳϫҲǶط׿ǣֻʣŮ洹͵ԺĴˡ
ǻɫһĪķŭ⡣
֮ǰһƣϫˣǻҲֻʣˡ
ǲòһƬ򾳱Դ֮ǱӣһжõǻҲ÷ңһǻ޴й
һ̣Ŀþǰһ֤õǻֱƵ˼£˼¡
ǵԺ˽Ů洹˰쵽һǻԣ㲻ʲôϢ
ʦ֣˵ǽô죿
ҧгݿڣͬޱȡ
ô죿Ȼץһʱ䣬ϧһдȡڳϫ֮ǰһٽ
ǻѵΪƾڵκε˭ţ
г޷ƵķŭЩܻζ
˽Զ֪ǻŭ˼£Щǻɺʧ̬
ǻ꼱˼ڻָ侲ĬȻʼжɡ
˵գתȥ
һԶǻϲһݵľȻ֮⡣

˭ԶϻŵеľƸΪţ£ҪģǾҵһ͵ǿ򾳣
Ȼɢһ˵ƣûģ
磬ɨˣ͸һɲɵζжٲκжǿף
˽ԶȻ
Ȼˣȴ̾˿ЩжУһͬΪһͻֻ
нԶЩܡ
Ѿ޷أ¿ȻҪģǼжѰҵһ͵ǿ򾳡
ֻҪгһܹظıǵĴ
ߣ
ûе飬Ȼչж

Ȼʦ֡
һҹһۣԶסһоЩ
죬ǵԺһһһƬ򾳱Դһ֮ջҹòϻԵø¬塣
ȻҹԺһ뿪ȥѰµǿ򾳡
˭룬̶һʱ䲻¬ȻһƬ򾳱Դһƾˣ
û
ҹǿǵƬǿ򾳵λãղǺҲǴƬǿ
£ֻ²ɵӾ֪¬ȷˣ
ֻ˭Ҳ޷֮죬̶һ찡ȥ˭ָˣ
Ҫǣҹǿ¬ʺ͸ǵȷΪ㣬ȴ̸϶죬ûҹеκһ˶Աȡ
ƫƫأɹˣ
һڶ̶һ֮УһԾпУ
ҹв˼飬š
˻޳Ҳ޷⡣
пһ䡣
ҲãΨһĵķʦֽ֮󣬱ǰľ棬ٸɳһЩΥԺ־顣
ҹ˫ָԴζ
˽ԶһݣĬȻ

ǺǣȻ˽ˣϧЩɲ֪籾Դɲô׺ܵģ
һͷѪɫϣӷһЦ͸޾ĳͲм
ʶʲô͵һü˼С
ƺЩԣ£˽ֻЩ񡭡ôûһ˿ˣѵЩŵַʲôʲɣ
ҲСһЩŵվǸ֮أɿصֻʵ̫ˡ
һĿңңԶУٴηһɬΪ٣ڴߴѪɫӿٶȡ

һһķӦõÿŵе޵߽ԶеһĪѹ
û˸ҵȫץһʱȥж

ϫ͹һƬȻХѩԭϣŭ쫷ɨѩ衣
һִԳϫΪס˸֮䣬һ޷ݵɷ֮˹裬͸꣡
ÿһƬѩȣԵУ̺ſɲı֮ѺХؼ䣬ǧλεϯض˺ѳһɲѷ죬һƬ
óϫݵģȴЩѩԭȻһƵıֱ֮ϣͷųһɿɲɱ֮Ű˷ƣ


1915 ױ۾
ʲô
ϫһżԶ룬ܹܵһɱ֮ǣĲ
ͷųƥɱƬѩԭ֣Եޱȡ
ʦ棬Ϣ̫գ뿪Ǽǰ
ɫء
Ƭѩԭ쫷ŭ棬ֹ̫ɷһɱȴɵ
ǰ
ϫĬãԨһĨȻ
һֱȻʲôܣǰһ̽ԼػһЩʲô
ϣ
Լ񽣣ʦġ
ৣৣ
£ӭźХ磬ԶѩԭŲƶȥ
һ·ϣʱ쫷ϯѩϮһһ⣬ǲδ˺ǡ
һ·ǰؼɱ֮ȴԽԽأʵʣ̵˻ۣ궼ܵѹ֡
óϫ͹ԵɫԶأӽŵǻͷһ˵Ҳɲǲ衣
ܿ죬ɾʱϫڿǱײһϵĺɫ̨
̨ΧʹΣÿһϽԶӡ׭ŤķʺѪصļ¡
̨ڲֻԲ֮״һУ
ԶԶһɫļ̨ѪɫġıȻһ壬͹ϣͷųһɱ
ϫ޷ȷ⾿Ƿһ̨Ϊļ̨ȫһ
ǳȻޱȵķ裬޷ϳǼ̨ӡѪɫš
δ֪ļµġ
һĻͳ˳ϫ󣬸еޱȵİһļ¡
⾿ʲô
ҲҲ
ŵؿ湻صġ
ϫסипһ䣬ܹжϳһضļ̨ڴкܾ£̡
ͫȻһ𾪷֣Ǽ̨ܣһɽ
ǽɫ޹⣬˿ȴ㣬ϴӺɫ̨ӿҡϣֱ
֮ǽֹǺɫ̨һҲУ
ѵ˵̨лʲôܲɣ
ϫ˿̵ɫһƬԳƵһֿɲޱȵ
֮ǿﶼ޷⣬˸ɵ³
ϫƾԼĽѲηⲢ£
£һѩԭϵĹ̨ܣȴŽɾ̫Ѱˡ
ˣˣЩ˾ģʵЦҪȡ򣿼ֱ룡
͵أһװĴȴǱдǣؼ䡣
ϫ͹ԽԶͫһоﲻѣǱھˣ
ţԣǡ
ȻǱеƲʲôͬɻͽסеϹСһôܣ˭ǰŵصģѵҪˣ
͸ż
һɲϫȻǱ棬ԼֳһӰȫУȴ޷ա
ʲôߣŵؾǰ򵥣ֻ֮ԴϸԪӴ֮̾أٲߣⱲӾͻͱһɱᣬ
ȣ͸Ž
һλϫ͹ԶУȴһףõǽԶĪ
ֻ֮Դ
ϸԪӴ֮̾أ
ô

ϫĳȣ˼ɡ
ЩϺʱ򣬳ϫϰ׿˵һЩйϸԪ顣
ʱ籦һǰʢϣһѹᱦһϸԪӴʯ¯
˶¯Բڻɬ󣬷·ûһ
ϫԼǵã¯Ϣޱȣ¾ͷɢʱϣ䡣
Ӵ˶ϿһصĻ桪
ĵĺǿգһԼӰϥʯ¯ϣʱд󣬺һϣɹһһ򾳣һΣǧš
׷ѰʲôһֱĺڰǰС
ڶʲôòһ·ǰһͻ֮һ
²ţһԼӰҲԽԽģԽԽ翣ƾҪ
Ȼһ͸޾į̾Ϣġ޷ô
һɲϫٴθܵһֱ¶֣٣ҵ
ʱϰĿô˶Ҳɫ䣬ҴҶȥ
ϫϰ׿֪˶һϸԵӴֱԪ񱦣
ϰ׵˵ȱԶӵ֮һעǱ³
ʱϰ״ϻһʥͷǣͬҲǴϸԪӴıֵ
ⶼص㣬صÿ俪ʼϸԪӴıҲζšѣ
ϰϳһʯ¯ϸԪеһԻһԪˣ޿˭ӵ͵ܵӣܡ
Ǹ¯ֻ֮ף
ʱһУõóϫɣò˶ã¾ͽң޾С
ϰ׶Դȴҿ϶Ĺ۵㣬ϸԪ¯֣Ҳֻһֻףںʱֻ˭Ҳ޷˵
οϹӴ˲֪ٴ٣ܹ棬ҪһӸҲǲܵ顣
Ҳˣʱĳϫŷ飬ûйע¡
񣬵ǰһϵļ̨Ǳʱϫʱ޷ƽˡ
ŵ֮УݷŴϸԪӴˣֻԴͷ
ϫԭأоþ޷ƽҲ˵ʲôԵɣȴеһѹ֡
ŵأδ֪أǴ˴ǰĸĿģҲֻΪ˿һ򾳣Ϊ֮׼
˭뵽ﾹ˾˵ܣ
Ǵ磬·Ϲ𵴲ɣ
׳գ뿪죡
һٴδӱд͸ޱȵ
ϫһӳ˼ѹ
ǰӦ򾳵ױ۾
һ̣ȴǺȻѯ
ףϵñ˭ӵܣ
һ˹ԵƲ⡣
ɽӹԣԱߵҼʦ棬ɽʦһ״ӳϫ
ȷ˶Էݣƺɲ٣ɿԼͳϫҲһ顣
˵ʱͬʱϫʦ棬λӦױ۾ܵѩʦָ㣬ɽ֮ҲԨԴ
ϫŻȻ
ɽӣû뵽ڴһǧ֮֮ǰܹͬţ޺ˣ
ױ۾ȻЦΪˣ͸һɽѰıζ


1916 صԨ
һǧ꣡
ϫ͹ԽԶһʵȷԷӦױ۾һ˽ԶЩ벻
ϾǻŵأأЩܹ̤УǣҲƾ弫ֵӲͨһͨŴ˽
ױ۾ΰ쵽һģ
ȻǴͬţǱһԣڱ뿪ԶҪ̤˵һ
ȳϫ͹ԷӦڱеױ۾ٴοڣͳׯ࣬˶졣
ϫδһȰˣһڵǰŻ֪˴βֹɽ弫еĴˣҲŵУĿıΪ˿µ磬Ϊ׼
ô˵۱˵ʲôҲʹ뿪ˣ
ױ۾

ϫɫ棺Ϊ׷ĵ;ݴ¸ٴۡ
ױ۾Ȼ̾˿Щɺ
ǿ֪Ƚ֮󣬻εΣգ
Ƭ̺ױ۾ʣֱģǿ֪һЩϸԪӴץסֽҪٺεȴ
Ȼشױ۾ñǡ
ǳɾһ㣬Щץ
ϵ򣬻ᱻǰȡ
ϵľ񣬻ᱻɣ
ǵǣҲᱻãΪ˲ħĹ޷ȥ
͸ޱȵĺͷŭõóϫ͹ԽԶȻ𶯲ѡ
ǿԲţһǾˣЩץסᱻġ׼̳ϣ޷޷ѣ
ױ۾ѱڴһǧ£һطܹ赲⡮׼̳ϮֻѼֲסǶھǣ
˵⣬ַһĨŨŨıͲʡ
ϧȷѿҪסˡʱ򡢾ǣԶᱻȡ׳Ϊһ˷ħĹ
ɫ䣬̲סǰЩϸԪӴ˾ж
ױ۾ĬƬ̣Ҳ˵ȷǣ³ɾ֮λҲ޷ǿ⡣
ɫأΪһ·ϴδĴڣ
ױ۾شĺԥֻгɾ֮Ŷüֵ
֮ǣЩ񾳵ĴڣЩ˵ע⡣
⻰Щ𣬿ȴʵ顣
ùãҲҲһ仰ȥ粵
߰ɣΣջû٣Ͽ뿪Ƭֻ֮ԴԶҪˣϹнܹȾָģ
ױ۾ٴγȰ
һ̣ԵҲЩҡ̲סĿ˳ϫ
ҲڴʱһֱĬĳϫȻ̧ͷԨĹֱǼ̨ϣҲҰȳ˵
ʲô
ױ۾򲻿ɣ׼ֽ̨һմȾ˵㣬ǵڣҲɵ
֪
ϫ˵ͷһ̵Ե쳣ƽʹݡ
ɣ
ȻԳϫ־ױ۾ȴԵ쳣֣͸һɲɵζ
óϫһǰңһ԰ȳġ
ױ۾Ĭã㡭Ŀ԰쵽ģ
ϫնԡ
ҲãҲá
ױ۾͸һĨظĽζ
ˡ
һ̣ϫʩչƣΪεٿȻɢȥ
ٶԿϫνǼ죬Ƭʱ䣬ͽǸܵĽӲƿһѷ졣
䣡
ͬʱһĹԺȻ̽ն£ͨ죬ǱһնΪ
һ̶쳹һӰͬʱǱгȻǱһǧµױ۾
һϮī̳뷢ҰףӺݡ
ۡ
Ȼȳϫ͹üӦһױ۾͵ػһſһѪ
ѪޱȣɢһɶĿġ
һ̣ױ۾̱أӲҰף޹⣬˾һӱ㡣
ǰ
ϫһĻ뵽ʱ̾ᷢ顣
ؽţܹԱ֮ҡ
ױ۾ɳƿڣ͸һζܹƤʼѣҰ׳𽥰䣬ϸһɫ
ô
ϫӿһĨ⣬֪ˣȻóȻ֡
׼̨УȻȡȫΪ˲ħĹúһ뿪׼ֻ̨ᱩж
ױ۾һ̾ЦԱȣһԱԣѾĪ¡ԣǶ˶黳Σ˵ҪлǲŶԡ
ϫ죬ӣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ǰһ䡭ɻʲôԣ
һ
ԣ
ױ۾ҡҡͷǷһĨԳ֮£źˡ
˵ţȻ죬һöͭԿףݸϫǱ괳ŵʱżȻֵһϧʱȥ̽а㱻Щ˸ץס
˶٣Ϣڣŵⶫ͵ǱһƬ⣬£оźεܣҲֻпԼȥ⿪ˣסһҪ뿪
𽥵ͳԽԽ΢ֱĲš
ױ۾˴˿ǳʧȥȻţһ۾һǧ֮󣬾ʹȥ
һͭɫԿףױ۾ǰǽѰƽݣϫжµûţѹޱȡ
μ棬ױ۾ʼնչֳΪؽ󣬲Ȱ뿪Դ޲ġ
óϫҲǸжĪΪױ۾ȳҲһ׮ƾ٣˭룬ᷢ飡
һʱ֮䣬ϫҲ֮ɫ
ʦ桭
Щǵؿųϫ
û¡
ϫһǿ԰סеֻ룬лĻһҪȥһЩϸԪӴˣжˣ
ɱ͸һɾȻ
ҲĪһλȴڴˣһǧµĥҲֻ˸ɵ³
Ȳ̵ĥ˵ֶμֱ˷ָѪ֮
䣡
ʱԶϵĺɫ׼̨Ȼһ𣬾ǿʼȻ̮
عѣԲʮ֮أһݣ¶һɲԨĿ
¡
ͬʱһԿ֮ܵٿȻǵݳĿӿһ˲ͽϫ֣ȥܡ
ã
ϫ͹ɫһ䣬ȴܿư㣬һɿɲסϽݳԨУ˲ϢͲټ



1917 ¶
¡
ɲ˺֮ЮųϫܿƵؼ׹ٶ̫죬ǰľŤģһƬ
һɲϫ˼£Ҳ֪͵ͼѡ
ջͽ͡
һ̫ɲˣĳϫܹ⡣
ɼˣϫأƴ׼
ء
ٵƿڶ𽥵أϫȴȻ֣Ұоһſ貵ǳ
صԨ֮£ǳ
ϫ㶼ΪԼۻˣܿ죬ſϫڶ϶ǵȷһƬǿգ
ǳ˸У󣬺嫿
ɳϫأЩȻŵص½ر֮£һƬڣ
ͬʱϫҲ֣һ𽥱ò˶ãԶʧ
óϫһ
ʦ桪
Ȼϴһ͸ŽĴȡ
ԣ
ϫȻŤͷʱͿԵӰܿƵشԼһӹһöƵġ
ҪǣڹǰһƬУȻӿһƬڲӿĽ͸ǿճϫ
ǲʱòƬ̣ͻһͷײǽֲ
ã
һɲϫͫͫȻһʶصһײʱһ˲ڹǰһѾͽקס
ৣ
ͬʱϫӰӣŹԳԶɶݶȥ֮յػһΣ
˿̣ѱŵһ亹ղٲһߣⱲӿɾͳ׽ˡ
ϫͬһǣһɹЮǵ֮ʧӰ١
䣡
ڴʱͷԶУȻ쳹һ
ϫȻ̧ͷʱͿԼղŽƬڣǳײˣ
⾿ô£
ϫüЩɲ
һ϶ġ׼̨̮ٵѿһ޴Ԩѷ죬ֱǶ˱һ֮ЮѷУصǿУһж̫죬óϫӦ
ɴʱϫΨһȷǣΪǡ׼̨̮ŵһϵķ
оźε飬ϫȴǸݲ
Щµĳϫ͹ԶԣԵöѲҪҪǡ˵ؾָ

ȳϫЩԶǿУȻһεɢ
ãǽ
ϫһƾƵĸ֪һ˲Ͳ̽һƬǿеĽ֮࣬
Ǿεĳϫ㣬ǿкХһȺһȺᵽѪζ㣬Ѳ߮ţͼɱһߡ
ͳϫ֮ǰĽȫͬһǱֹһӵһ㡣
ৣ
ûκγɣϫʹŹܣƬǿŲƷɶݡ
ɻ㣬˷ٴһƬһƬХ
̫ˣ
飬糱ϫһŴϫǾ׹ֻܲڼздԵΪǱ
ϫɫʼأʶƬ̫ѰķֲҲ̫أǲɱļ¡
ԣֻίһˡ
κ󣬵жϳΣգϫɫȻ
һϫе֣ٴϹԣδЩˣϾƾȥ֪ΣգǰһŲơ
ɹԾͲһˣ޷֪ЩɫĽʶԵüΪǱ
ʦ棬ġ
Ҳ֪ȥԼֻΪϫ׸
ৣ
ϫûгɣ̽һУ㽫սԼУˣϫųһ
ɫóĮȻһԺӿź˵Ĺ󣬲ɨܡ
ҵҪطһˣ
ϫлһĨ⣬һѡһŲƶȥ

Ƭ̺һƬ˳Ľӿǰ·ϡ
ҿ
ϫһܣͷųеĽƣݺݳײȥӲѹһ·
һ·ǰУһ·ƿϮأϷɶݣӰܿʧãã

ͬʱһƬѩԭϣ쫷ХȴСѩ裬һƬɱ
ԭһ϶ġ׼̨һ
һжʧøɸɾҲκκۼ
ǵݳһԨѷ죬Ҳ·𳹵ʧҲѰٲ
ৣৣ
Ƭ̺ɫӰƿնٿȻƬѩԭϡ
˽Զ£ͷ񣬻һƬɫ֣˿ݡ
ǵϢȴǱɱ͸һɹ϶ĲŵеϢΪһ壬ңӦԵΪء
£ǲϺХ쫷硢а㲻Ͽѩ޷˿
ͷ·ǱƬصˣﶼֻǰ׳Ƴһ˿ð
ƻˡ׼̨
ϧʥ״˵㣬ڴ˵ǼһѼֲһ꣬᳹ױʥȴƫƫ飬ʵź
źôڣƻ׼̨ļһֻ׹롮ֽУò˶ãػᱻʥ״ġޡɵ
˵ǷҪͨʥ״ˣ
ˣֻһС¶ѣ˵˴Ϲһ֣µĴ˽ǶԣһǧѷĻᣬʥ״ڳıƻܹɹǡסһɴӴٲȶصˡ
ϸԪ֮٣ȴɲǴռҲ֪ռ;
¸ԪС
¸ԪǺǣǿ̫ˡʥ״˵ԪпѾ̤ռ;ϾأҲ֪Ǽ١
Ҳ˵ˣʥ״Ӧò޵ķʸԪĺͬɡ
¶һ̸߽һѲ߮ܣ̽Ѱʲôȴһ
߰ɣҸҿ϶ƻ׼̨ļһѱǡֽ١С
ߣ
ؼص¶ٿȻʧԭأײټ


һƬǿУϫӰ˸һ¶Ĺͣת˲ʧ
⾿
ϫҲһ˿ȻƬǿ̫ˣãã
нˣδҵƬǿ򾳵ı߽
һ̵ͷ·ʧǿеһ·ˣһˣҲҲ·
ܿ죬ϫһһ˿ѹס
޷жԼ·ںηһ·һУȴ϶Լһֱǰߣδԭ̤
㹻ˡ
ֻҪǰܹһҵ価ͷ
жϵҲܼ򵥣Ǿһ·ǰУĽҲ֮ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽܼˡ
ֱڽǰУòԽϿٳһ֮ͨ·
ǻ޵ˣǵǵȴڣֻ¶粽УѱӶٶˡ
ϾϿɲ˭ϫǰ㣬ӵСơؼһ޶


1918 ǿӰ
ڳϫƬĵ죬˻
һͷͨ崿ڣһչɷΧ˫ͫѪĴ񣬻ſɲĺɫ棬졣
֮նٻһſǳ˲ΪңԵ֮
óϫһ֮࣬ɫҲÿǰ
һΪһͷ֤ƬвһƬ
ľǣһͷɫȴԵùǿ֮ϢŰȻ
Ϣԣɫֱŵ֮󣬵һһħʬҪǿ
óϫŵǣǺɫ񾹻ȻηܲǿеĽɶУˮ磡
ʲô
ԾϫǼս׼
ণ
һ̶Ǻɫƿնɫڣ׺졣
䣡
һģǧɫ滯Ϊһɹɷ籩¡¡ѹʱգɱƬնȸǡ
̫ɲˣһѲǵ۾ƣֱأɱʮ
ৣ
ϫӰһݣʩչһĨϽ磬ѽΪת£һܶ
䣡
һɲǣԭϫפƬգ˲䱻籩ٻ
ÿ£
ϫһҵ
ǺɫһУ͵طһ˻ײУͷų档
Щ߱ɲķٻϢŰֲиһļµ
ˡ
ڴʱȻһĹ쳹ҰεȻɢ
ģ
ǰˡ
һɲǣϫ񿴼ǺɫһͣУʧȥ㡣
ৣ
ô˻ᣬϫ̧־һͨ콣ɱȥͻֲͣȻϽɫ߱ߵۻơ
صһͣ״̬ĺɫܣֱһƿͷ­˺ѿһɲѷ졣
ಣ
һͷͷ٪СͨѪ죬Űִֻ󴥽ǵĹޣ糱ˮǺɫͷ­ӿ飬һѪȵϢ
ȻЩ
ϫһڸȷЩģޣ֮ǰġɲѪ䡱һԽԶǵŵеĿɲ顣
ˣˣˣˣ
ĺ𣬹ĵܼεصķģˮɢȥ
һɲƬǿնڲŹ
£ԭ糱ˮѳĹޣһҲǻһƵͣǿС
٣
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¡
һ˲䣬һͷɫóϫͰԶľǣʥİɫ渲£Щ٪㣬ŰֻǵĹ޾Ǻ
ɲǼ䣬ǱѹһӲͬ㣬ϫ߳ɱ
ãЩ̫ǿȵҲ޷ǿƣ
һ䣬Խŵһ·Ҳֹһضǿ顣
ǰ龰ȴͷһ
ˣ
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ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ݺ䣬Ͻܣصķܼ˸ҫ۶ƥ
һ̵ĳϫѽȫת¡
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Ľ
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һʱ֮䣬Ƭǿձ⣬ʱҡɢݳһ档
ȹ֮£һͷͷģޣԶѹ飬ΪһһɵѪɫ
ЩѪɫҪںϣȴѲİʩչȣʥ棬һٽǳ
ɵò
ϫһɱУһ߳һ
ˣɱٷˡ
׵СһĨΣЩһЩԺܱϫޣĪҫ㡣
ɱ
ϫЦһХ죬ɨ˷С
ǹ޿糱ˮʵ۸սҲֻ൱ڴڡ
ڳϫԣѹ̫в
Ƭ̡
ڳϫͰ£һжֽԶɱһգһڡ
ϣ
ϫ𽣹Ŀȼյĺɫ壬ģЩһߴʬڱȳǿɾΣˡ
һ̣жϳɫʵȥ֪£ղ֮׺ȫǱЩĹơ
óϫԺ˲ױ۾ǰ˵һЩ
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ǵǣҲᱻãΪ˲ħĹ޷ȥ
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֮ǰġħʬǰǡɫ񡱣Զǵ걻Щץ
ǵ򱻰ȡϵľɣҲãΪ޷ȥ
ЩɲѪ䡱͸ղЩɱĹޣӦýޡŶԣ
ǱЩϸԪӴ޵ߵľΪ
ǻԼĴ޵ʬУݿƵʬӳɲޱȵս
ЩϫüϷһĨһĨɱ
˴ӽŵ֮һ·һ߾߱ݵʬ塣
ԼжģζţЩʬǰԶǺԼһϹе޵ߣ
ǰǻһ߳ƵĴ󡭡ȴ㲻˲ģݡ
һ̣ϫȻױ۾ǰΪλ¶ѰƽЦˡ
һ̣ϫӿһɱµ÷š
һ̣Զڷٻĺɫʬѳʧȴһ翵лѳȫ
һ̣ϫȻЩƲסĵɱ
࣬ı졣
οЩϸԪӴˣȻûаѽ޵ߵͬ࿴
ӣôˣ
ȻЩǵؿųϫ
ϫһû£ֻ룬ЩУǷ޶硣
ӣҲЩȻɾ˵һЩʲôʱȴȻʲôԶǿգɵǱߣ
ϫȻ̧ͷȥֻΪңԶǿ֪ʱһƬ޴ޱȵӰ
ӰͬһƬҹĻԵޱȡ
ߣǹȥ
ϫһӰһ㳯һƬӰǵǿȥ
䣡
ɽƬ̣ȳϫ·;ǵĽȻÿ
˵֮ǰĽֻˮô˿̵ŭˣϯķ籩Ļĺ


1919 ͷű
ϫѹ
ǽһϢ֮ɲóϫЩľɣ¾ǵһĻֻҲȴԽ׳һ
ڳϫŽҲŤͷˡ
¡¡
ӿŭ˿ϯζɫȴޱȣǰ·׶
֮ҪִǼԶңԶǿеӰǰҪӲƬǵ
ϫסһһĨȻ

һ̣ϫκαеĽת£Ȼɢ
ǳϫһȫýƣһɲǣ㱼һִ·ֻҪԼԸ⣬ؼκε⣬ԱԼ׽
ϵ޷ΥԼԸ
ܣ

ָоضɬİޱȣͻȴת˲ţϫʱָֻ޷֪һֶصİо
أ
һ춯صײ쳹
ϫŷ֣Լղһ֮䣬ԶŭӿĽӲһѷͨ
ϫ죬š
ৣ
ѹ˲ЩʶӰһץסᣬһѷͨӶȥ

ԽƬޱȵ򣬻ȳϫüһȻһ춯
˷ǿУȻӿֳһӰ
ɣ죬ʯħ
ɽĿ̫žޡ
𣬻ڣ̤񽣷ӵ޵ߡ

Ϣֲ׺Ӱ˿̾ѹ㣬Ϸɶݶ飬ǧ֮
ÿһӵвǵ۾ƣ
֮ȫ԰ǧӰǧ۾ڣ
ǵһĻֱǾף˾
ȫκ޵ߣһĻֻ¶ᱻŵøεѣ֮زز
̫ɲˣ
ǧȵ۾ĴڣϹУ̤ƽˡ
һ̣ϫҲͫоء
ȴһķŭ۽㣬յɱڣҪƲס
ܹǧȵ۾ĴڣԶǱޡݵʬ塣
Щʬ壬Ȼڴ˵Ϲ޵ߣ
ǧ
֪УЩϸԪӴˣɱ˶޵ߡ
һɲϫԺвױ۾ǰĽ飬һĵл
Щ鶼
ϫɫĮȻɱĵɱѳͷţһǵصȻɱɢʮء
ϫŭˣ
һɲûκγɣġ
СһƬ£ʥĹһλƵԣƿǰ
ˣ
ǴԳ߳һӰԶһ
ˣ
ܼ꣬˻ϣεصĵɢ
ˡ
Ƭǿն𶯣һſǳ飬Ȼ촷ۡ
һ̣ľ
ǧȵ۾ڵӰԶʧȥ꣬Ӳԭء
Ȼ󣬴ǵںȻӿһޣһι״СһϢѪȡ
̫ˣ
ĿǧǵأȳȺ㣬һȥ޷жϾжٸ

ȣʥ嫵İɫӿⷽԲʮǿսԶ֡
һУһü͵һһ˲ʧȥѪɫɷ͸Ϣήҡ
ȻղŵһϵжĹȣѱ
ʼգסһԲֻΪԸŵϫж
ɱ
һ̣ϫɱƣнЮ޿ƥеϽԣɱȥ
¡¡
Ƭңذ޹⣬ɲɱĽϯǵһĻֱĩսٰ㡣
ɱ
ϫĻܵŭɽ飬ӿȫͬȼǿơ
ɱ
ɫ˳ĮȻ侲һּΪìܵӾ
ɱ
ϫ׷ſԼڣԴԴϵṩ
ֻһ֡ɱ
ɱ췭ظ
ɱɸɾ
һ̵ĳϫٲȻѳ׽ԼͷţٲκֶΣսȼɱС
ӽ񾳵ڣ⻹ǳϫͷһ˲һС޼ɵս
ǻꡢطӵڴˣһԷ֣ڳϫ۵ϵı֣һ̵ֱˣʩչսǿ˲ֹһ
ɱ
ϫӰ󣬹ЮԣǿƣȺУɱѪˮɽ֫׿ա
ԶԶȥһļ⵶ݺݵز˵ȺУɱ¾֮޿ƥУң
һʱ֮䣬Ƭǿ绯׳Ѫ˻𲻾ڶ𵴲ݡ
ҡ
Ѫȡ

ɱݺᡣ
⽻
һҾ徵ĻݣĿģ

һʥി׵ȼգʢʬɽѪսУƽһݹضɫʡ
һ߾ʧȥݵʬȼաٻûãսлصһ
лѳȫ
лѳȫ
л
ÿһУ͸һɽѰζ޾µĥһ̿ԺЦȪ
Щȴ̼óϫɱǿʢµûţսֶҲ֮
ʱƣϫȾѪԭĽ棬ҲѪʺ͸
Ƕ޵Ѫ˵ѪŨû
ֱ
ϫ绯ɱ¾ܣȻû˸鲨еֻɱ
Ʋ֪ƣһֱһǿƵ״̬С

вƽ⡪ɱй
״̬£ȻûвԼĽΪһսĴ£һַɿٶš
ĵΪҲѪĥУļ̺ʹͻƵļ

һսȷ̫˼
ǳǧ񾳵ޣ飬ƺƵѹ
ߣֻгϫͰˡ
ƫƫأȴƾܣһϮĻ棬ǡһ޿â
һʱ

һƬŨɺѪˮ֫䣬һͷĸߴޱһ飬ҽж׹ƵʥɫУٻһա
ϫжʱʶѰٲһ֣
һŤͷȥ
ȻͿһƬѪȾǿգơҡĿ꣬ζ
һʥİɫУȴΪһĨѪɫһصζ
лѳȫ
Ҳһ̣һ޵ʬ׷ٻ쳹һѰĸм

ϫһ
ԭĮɱ飬¹ƽеߺޡԶõй
һ̵Ѫˮ͸нأѪȴѷױ仯Ȼ͸ӿһԲƵĻ۹⡣
̥ǣ


1920 Ե
Ҫͻˣ
ϫԼѴﵽǰδеԲزЩҪƲס
ǽ۾ס
ֹˣĽΪһ̶ѽһߣִܵ｣ز
ΪͬõߣϫԤԼ̤һ̣ԼĵΪȻܽԭʼľĶͲΡ
ʵսĺô
ԴڣϫһֱڿޡԲ
μ۵ʱΪڹأһֱδܳ׷ӳԼսЩŵĸо
ڸղţһ򣬳ͷűң׽ԼǱȫʩչ
£ľսõһĴĥ¡
Ϊ˽Ŀ꣬ƾϫڵ״̬ɿżһٳɾ͵۾֮ܣ

գϫǰһɴĽѹסû򾳱ԴǲԸʹƾ
û°ɣ
ϫȻע⵽ϢЩήңɷףסһʳ
ӲؽţֻЩˣЪϢһͻָ
˵
лˡ
ϫ˴С֣һսԼذɡ
ΪЩ޲޵ߵʬսʱӳսǿȵ۾ڡ
ң൱ǧ۾ڣ
ǰеġ˫Щ޳ױȳһսעʤա
ӣĪҪٸˡ
ףƲ˼
ϫЦЦͺúϢɣһнˡ
š
ݺݵͷȻϥڳϫڣĵϢ
ʱϫĿ˼ԶǿУһƬ֮ĻӰ͸˵ɫʡ
ৣ
ûгɣϫӰ˸Ǳȥ
֮ǰһƬĿɱɵĴ˳ִڴˡ
£ϫ棬һƬӰоʲôô赲ǰ
ϫκһˣǰֻ¶޷Լɴһչˡ
ǽĿ򣬶þȴԽ׳ذ벽
ԽԽԵһƬӰͬѰ

ܿ죬ϫҰ𽥹ճһƬǿӰԽԽ
ǣ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫٿȻ㣬ȻһУһâ
ֻһƬǿӰУȻֲһһ򾳱Դ
£Ÿ
ÿһ񴿾ޱȵϢŨʵʣһȥͷ·ĿһС硱㣡
Ǿ
ֹȴﱾԴ򾳵ĺġ
ǿеľ޴ӰŸ򾳱ԴͶµӰӣ
һ̣ϫҲⷺһĨ𺳡
Ÿ򾳱Դ˴ңӦһ壬һ򾳣Żᵮô౾Դ
ʵǷ˼
˭ɱķޱȵУһϻԵ
Ҫǣϫû뵽Ϊݣ֮䱻һƬǿ򾳣ȴڻԵɺ֮£Լôһϲ
ȷ̫ˡ
ǽǳлεȾ˵֮
ϫૣһԺȴ
ಣ
ϫٻ˳
죡ǡ
һԶһĻ󣬹ҲסĿɿڴ𺳣һͬ
һУǶ١
ϫһ
£Ʋʲôʱסüͷ˼⡣
ʦ棬ôˣ
Խסʵ
һƬ򾳱ԴܲĽƺЩöԸ
ϫһһҧȵţȥԡ
ৣ
ϫǰһƬӰǿǧɾʱֹɫһࡣ

еĽƱתͷųɬٿȻɢʱգԶкݺݳȥ
أ
ľǣ򾳱Դܣһͭǽڣ֮ײһ𶯣ȴδƿ
ȷжԣǲͭǽڣʵʰĽ
֮ǰȫͬһθĽһءƥϢ
һβƵĹؿ򾳱Դ֮ǰ
ԳϫƵܣԽƿ

ϫüͷٴ̽˼Σûκһ˿չʱһ
ƲҲȥ򾳱Դˣ
ʦ桭
Կ˵Щʲôȴϫֹһԡ
˵ʱһϵһתĽ֮ӿ뽣֮С
ˡ
淺ɬصļ¡
⻹ǵһμʶƵһɲֻյĵ⾹ɬƱѹư㡣
һʶ˳쳣ʧвԳԾʦյ湻صģ
ৣ
ϫֽɱȥ
ꡭ
ֻһҵײĦǹĽһƿһѷ죬Եúܼѡ
ϫɫʱһҧתݺһ𽣹ٴƽһξ롣
Եúܲۡ
ǽǵǧңԶٶƽҲ֪ʲôʱƿһͨ
ΪҪǣƽͬʱԭѷûֺ
оͺһնˮУһѷ죬ˮֺ
£û취ͨ
óϫɫһϵһջؽһζӲƴ
ô죿
ϫüַȴη֣Ϲһ𴳹ȥûκϣ
ʦ棬һ˵ĻǷӲȥ
ԺȻʵ
ϫ˼⣬ڴȻԡ
䣬ʱ˹Ե˼üҪϹ룬Զоŵ򾳱Դǰδ̫ϧˡ
һΣȴûӳϫķԸֱųϫ˵ʦ棬ȷǧѷ꣬ΪңҲʧ˴λᣬҿǻһӡ
˶٣ץס˴λᣬɾ֮ԺҲٰѰһ򾳱Դڴ˽άȡ
ϫĬ˵Ĳ٣ɾԶ£ȴЩġ
ȻһҽսУһǷС
һӦͱһϯ뵽˳ϫС
ϣ
ضɬĽ֮
ϫֽǰٴγɱ
ꡭ
һѷܿڽС
ɾ͵ϫӰһҪʱֻһߵȻײϡ
Ȼ㲻ܿƵصɳȥһ𵴣̲סſһ磬һ̣ԵӰķ˳
ͬʱڳϫоĵϢİҲһУǱصɳ
ϫȻȻɫ䣬ĿȻԶ򾳱ԴЩš


1921 
ϫɫЩɲ
ղŹǽһܲƬеϢ
ͺϵ쳣ԸһƬ򾳱Դһ㣬Եò˼֮
ͬʱϫиֳһͷһݶ
ͷѪ㣬Īس֣ȴһóϫȷһ£ҪһϷǾŵ򾳱Դûκϣ
ԺͰԶɲղűʱҲ⧲ֱ˿ҲûܷӦ
ղžʲô
ɻ
ܿ죬ϫ㲻ԼƲһһ˵̾˿ԣֻίˡ
Ե֪ԵΪɣЦʦ棬ܽίǸϽж򾳱ԴΪס
ǰӣǸϽȥɣ䡣
ҲһȰ
ϫ˵ͷǱҳ׳ɹһ뿪
˵ţ̽һУϴġ鱦¡ժ£ݸԣ
Ȼһٴγȥ
ꡭ
ЮŻɬĽһ׶Ӳƿǽһƽ
ϫͬһʼƿѷǰС
һ̵һСۣھκУһƽǰУԵΪѡ
ҼΪգΪС۷ˣ׹뺣Уɵ³
һĻԺͰҲĬĬΪϫѡ

ˡˡ
ڲͷųһȦһȦĽڳϫԼϡ
ʱϫɫƽרעתȫΪκһ˿ĵ
ɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
һɡ

ƽϫϢ𽥱ôأͷһſź飬Щ
ܹ֪ԼڷɿţǽƵҲ˴롣
ϫѾ˲ЩҲû˻ͷ·Ϊԭƿѷѻָ
֮һ̳ϫ񷵻أҲƿһµͨ
οϫʼնδҡģǰһϻԵ¸ٴۣҲһҪץסˣ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ

ԽԽһƬ򾳱Դϫ״̬Ҳ⡣
һ̵亹ʪ忡ӷŲ԰֮ɫϢ˥ļ
ΨһԺɼᶨһ˿
һмֱȺһֶԾҪѺգϫɣԼתֻ¶Կ羳ս۾ˣ
񣬳ϫҲֻҧţһ˿и
ҪøĻԵͱҪĴۣеķա
ǰһϻԵԿǿȫ򾳱Դܹȡ
ҲζţϫҪƿأͶȻҪ˸Ĵۣ
ʱƣϫٶǰеٶԽԽǰҰʼģиһֹʹʹУͷ·֧ŲסҪ㡣
Ĺף
ϫ򾳱ԴнɾʱǽѿҪĴ
һʧȥ˽ı֮󣬳ϫ̱ǽ
ǵȺԲ롣
ɳϫûлͷ·ƾһִֶ͵־ǰУգҲֻǰ
ǰ
ǰ
ϫ״̬жգֻһͷǾǽԶ򾳱ԴΪУ
˵Ŀִźרע
ϿʼѪʼңľʼ˥Ҫըѡ
ȴȻǰУԵ쳣֮ݡ
ԶһֱעһеĹԺͰ񾭽зһ޷˵ĸ
𾪣г羴еǡнơ
ȴֹʲôΪͬҲһ̵ĳϫ޻ͷ·
Ҫôȥ
Ҫô
ɱ
ԺͰֻܹȻǧҪκһ˿⡣

Ҳ֪˶ãϫʶҲʼģһԶƵС
ֻҪһɣ̻˯ȥ
Դӽ֮ͷһƴȲҵĵزֱϢƾͽ߰㡣
һ̵ʵѲظȫƾһ׿͵־֧š
˾ǣ³ϫƴȵزʮɷΧĽ赲ǰ
Ȼϫ㣬ȳһѪɫһӻҰܡ
ѵҪֲסˣ
ԺͰһӾסͫ
Ƭ̣ǵҰУϫӰٴƶŲǰУֻȴԵ쳣֮ѡ
ƶԣÿһȵ컹ѣ
˳ȥʦ
ɫص£͸һ˿˵ȥ
ʱƿĿ⣬ٿȥ
ţ
ȻƲʲôͫȻӿһĨ⣬ʦ
ôˣ
æȥԶһĻҲһ
ֻϫĽŲ𽥼ӿ죬»㣬һ˵İȻ
ʱ֮䣬ԺͰԶ

ˡ
ĲڳϫʶɢԺͼƬ֪ʱѴӳѡ
һ£ϫꡢԶһȻָֹұΪǿʢ
ǽƣԭ޹⣬´һ飬ҫ۶λõĹӨ͸ͷų֮ǿһأ
һ̣ϫϲѪ԰׵ɫ»ָģʶҲᶨ

лˡ
ϫĬĬ߶֪һǺͼƬԼһΡ
䣡
һ̣нͷųͨԣһӣǰһнһն¶һͨ
ವһϫӰѳȥһԾ뵽һ򾳱ԴУʧ
ɹˣ
ԺͰԼͬسһԭ׷ɣŷ֣ĽԶһѺסһЦ
ҶԷʲôⷢ
һ侲ʦչض֮Ǳ뿪طˡ
š
ݺݵͷ

ŵѪ죬ռ
һ϶ֺĺɫµϴ񣬳ɣϢ
ţ
Ȼһɲ͵شǺɫֺɢ
ȥˣƿǡ򡯵ĽĻᣬƺҪˡ
ȥһ飬ǵ弫һĴ˰쵽һģмǲҪݾߣ
ৣ
һ£ͷӰٿȻǰ񣺡ȥ
ȻһӰʧ
Ǻǣϲ⣬ϰֻҪץס˴λᣬҵռأ
һɲһпҲ֮ţʧǺɫС
¡¡
һƱã֮䣬ȻһѪɫĻƬ֣ͬǺɫҲʧ
ȥʱҲκһ˿ɫڵļеֻһƬضռŵء


1922 Դ


һһ򾳱ԴУһ˲䣬ϫһξС
εԼһƬǿзɳۣ޾ϾǺķ
ǳ˸ͷųλõĹ
һſǻƺڰǿųĿĻ档
ɡ
һֱɡ
һּΪصĸоһ̳ϫȴУԺκͷ
һճӤһ֪֡Ŀڹ۲һС
ǿա貵ǳХʯһжϤİ
ϤԴľ
İΪȻ֣ʱǿԶ֮ͬʲôͬȴ˵
һֻججڤڤ֪ǵо˵ֻͷ
ǣϫ˼Ҳ޷˼¶֪ĺӣ棬ǿգ֪ƣ֪νֻǴͺ;̾
һ̣ϫԼ˭
˻ŵءߵͬ飬Լһ򾳱ԴС
죬أˣδ·ͳͳѲڣУκ


ǿ󣬳ϫϳǰɣһֻδִţһ·ǰأһƬڰ
տžûǳյġ
ڴ˿̵ĳϫУȴһɫܲƬռУܼݺύ顣
ÿһɫһȻͷųһɽζ
˿˿ƵĹ⣬ţתţһƬտžĿռ䶼ǡ
֮ϸܣóϫסһͣܵһĪ𺳡
֮磡
һɲǣĵĪزһ羪װը죬óϫԺ˲両ֳĸ֣
ȻЩɫӯζһĽ
䣡
ȳϫ˼ǰҰȻһ䡣
һ̣ȻһƬƵÿһжӯһԭʼϵϢ
ȻһųҰУ֮С֮ϸ΢˸޷
һ̣Сĳȴһռ˳ϫҰ
һ̣һεתһųܿͱɳСȻִɳʯ顭
ʯ飬ֱɽ
ɽֱɽϵ
һգۣƹ¡
һָǲ׺ɣ
ϫȥһɲǣ
ֻһųѱһǳĳΣ
ȥ̾һǳѾɢȻϢ
Ȼǳ˷׵磬˴ɽӣҲʱ桭
һųΪһŲȻǳ
һ̣ϫԺٴθֳһͻ򣺡֮СԴΪ磬䱾Ϊǳ
䣡
ȥȥ˼һɲǣϫֻһԭհ׵ԺУȻӿ糱ͷ
ͷ䡢顢еһУһɲǻָ
Ȼ󣬳ϫ͵ؾʹһΰľѹ
ֻУȴļʶضİ
ЩĹɣ֮ı仯ʼĩ嫣һ޷˵ܣֻᣬ޷ڿڡ
ڣɲһΡ
ϫૣɫоĹһֳȻϢ

һȶ嫵糱ˮ㱼ڣϫ˼һʵ
ע⵽ԼһƬҝУȥ糱ˮĴϢ
Ϣ֮Ũʹʵʰ㣬ӿڡһƬӯ
ϫԼе֡ݣ
򾳱Դ֮
һɲǣϫԼжϣ֣Լÿһڼȡһ򾳱Դ֮
ͨÿһ缡ͷţڻһӿ룬ȸԾޱȡ
Ҳһ̲һ𵴣ǳѭʱŤ糱ˮ֮ʼɢ
һ֮֮嫡ͬҲ֮ɲǿ󣬽Ƭʱ䣬ϫоͲһֹͱĸо
óϫʵһ˼͵ȫתΪʼһ֮
¡¡
һɲϫϥգֱɫׯʥ࣬˶ͷųһɳʢϽԣ񱻴ƺ
תΪȼգﵽһǰδе۷С
ܿ죬һɹͱĸо١
Ȼ״˲Ƭʱ䣬תΪȡ֮Ҳ֮õڶ̶յʱ䣬ٴβ͵ĸо
һˮأѾڱҪ
ɳϫȥô࣬Լȫһ
Ϊ򾳱Դǽ۾ɾ֮ܵΨһᣡ

ǳϫ˴ǰŵֱӵĿ꣡

¡¡
ʱƣϫͷųϽʢҫۣõλð㣬һֲʵĴ
磬۶򾳱Դ֮ԽԽֱ࣬ᵽѪȵȺ㣬ӿϫڣȻΪһɸΪǿѭ
ʮ
ٴβ͵ĸоܿͱϫơ
ʮ
״ٴηϫ죬ؼԦ
ʮ졣
һ졣
졣

ӳϫһ򾳱ԴУʱܿѹȥһʱ䣬һʱУ򾳱ԴҲǲϲͱĸо
󣬶ѹ
Ϊϫ򾳱ԴԽ࣬ȽƾʱȡøΪ˼Ч
ǵģһжΪƾ
ϫѴﵽԲеļزԲ֮ǰѸܵ˽۾
֮ԿѹţΪĿ겢ֻǵ۾ǰ򵥣
ν۾ڿٳһ磬ɸ֮ȴ޷֮
Ψܿٳ磬֮
ͺñȻŵе򣬵۾ͺñһƬûг͵û֮磬Ҷģ
ͺñȳ͵Լ֮磬Լ򾳱Դȶ̣γ
֮۾ԱȣΨһһǷܹա֮ϣ
ΪȻҲǵ۾ڣȴκһ۾ܹΪ
ͬĴڣ͵۾ڵĸߵǿҲһĿȻ
˿̣ϫ׷ģԼ
Ϊ֮ǰͲֹһ˵ɾֻ֮ζͬһУӵоԵƺǱܣҪǣڳʱӵиĻᣡ
ǳϫصġ
ʱţλһȥ
ţ
һ죬ȫ򾳱ԴĳϫȻһյĸо
ͬʱӿ򾳱Դʹֹ
ϫȻ۾ŷ֣Լڵһ򾳱ԴȻѾԼˣ
Ȼû˶ƾ


1923 ȴ
ϫչأѾȥˡ
ԺͰһƬ򾳱ԴҲȺꡣ
ѰȾĴڶԣʱҲָһӼ䣬㲻ʲô
ŵУʱȴԵüΪҪ֮ԶѰɱȡ
ΪǰŵʱǾͱ룬˴жֻʮʱ䣬ֻʱ䣬޷зأκλطϹ
ϸһ£ӽŵصڣɲֻȥ꣬ǽ꣡
֮ٹ꣬Ǵ˴жǷԸֻܿǷصˡ
ԺͰʲô
ߣͼѰٵһƬ򾳱ԴڱչأϫʱͬڱչУΪΪԭ򣬹ʶҪ򾳱Դ⡣
Ҳʣ˹һδ쵽һ⡣
ʱԺͰԶĬĬڰϢ۾һգգضԶһƬ򾳱Դ
ܹɫнԶӯһĨڴҲԽһƵļ
Ϊʱƣһ򾳱ԴڲСϱʱʣ޼ܹԼϫӰˣ
һ򾳱Դһ̣ϫܷ֮أ
ԺͰڴš
ţ
Ƭ̣Ծͽסüͷһ壬Щ㵣ƺЩԡ
Ҳôһ򾳱Դѱ˾ųңɹȻûһ˿ƾס
Ҳһü૵ѵʱʲô𣿡
ЩɲЩţĬȻ
Ҳסӣ֪롣
ܿ죬Ŀע£һ򾳱Դǡϫȴδֳκһ˿ף
ôܣ
кݺһš
ճԣһ򾳱Դʮ֮˾ŽԶԳôһԾУǳʶϹʱ㶼
ɳϫȴƺ⣿
ৣ
˻عֻϥŵĳϫ͵һһǿеһƬ򾳱ԴС
ת˲ֻͲӰ
ˣ
һĻ类ͷȣһصУ£оŵ򾳱Դʦһ򾳱ԴѣȻ޷һ򾳵֮
ԭˡ
һҲǳһֻû뵽ֻһ򾳱Դܹ̤Թԣһ򾳱Դ޷ʵϡ

Ц͸ԺҼСʦɲѰ֮ɱȣΪʵޱȣܹ쵽һǻ޵ǰֻ½һ򾳱Դǵļˡ
ǡ
ʲô͵һԣζŹŵ򾳱Դȫſһ򾳵֮
ŵ򾳱Դ
ǺεӴһ
ԳϫĵΪǷܳ׽ȫ
ݹ۹Ž񣬱ϹʷҲһӣ
̫ˡ
ǰδУʷǰ
ϵЦҲʧĪĽ
˵ƾϫܣһĵ򾳱ԴԾԲκһ˿Ļˡ
ŵ򾳱ԴĻԵҲ˶ҡЩ׼
޷쵽һ߹߾УҲֻһ򾳱Դζţ޷һ򾳵֮ĻҪ֮ǡǡ
Խ˵оԽǵǣ˵˵ȥ
һΪпʵ
Ҫ֮ͱһ򾳵ıԴؼġ
ǿ򾳣ֻһ򾳱ԴֻҪ֮
µһƬУӵоŵ򾳱ԴѵһĿԵҪ׽ȫ֮ԶȴҪ̫̫ࡣ
ŵ˵һ첻һֻ¾ͽʧȥ֮
һҲζţϫеһиɾǰˣ
ǹԺͰڴʱΪǵġ
˵ʦ澿һˣ
ԺȻʵ
һСԴ˼ã˵ȻѰˣ
˼ȥܽһۣϸ˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱ
Ϊϫϵʵ̫ˡ
ȴƺ𰸣Ƶǳ˱зǳ֮ǳ֮£ʶ֮ϣʼϲ
һ̣Էֻ˷ڳϫϵһ漣顣
һλƾ˫ĴڣһܷٴһǰδУʷǰ漣
ڴš
ܵĸȾҲƽ̤ʵ૵϶Եġ

һ򾳱Դʶأϫ뵽˵ڶ򾳱ԴС
ܵһϤ򾳱ԴٴԴԴϵӿڣϫ˶һҪɱƮȻо
һͣʶһ飬ٴȫתΪʼרһ
ܿ죬ٴβ˹ͱĸо
ܿ죬ͱϫס
͡
ơ
͡
ơ
ֽ뵽һѭѭС
ֻһΣյ򾳱ԴԽԽ࣬ϫҲ֮ȡ򾳱ԴҲ֮ԽԽࡣ
һУڶ򾳱ԴٶȻ죡
һ
ڶ򾳱Դ
ৣ
ûгɣϫ뵽򾳱ԴС
ٶȼӿһһ򾳱Դʱʦʱ䣬һΣһʱ䣬ֻҪʦܹסԺ򾳱ԴٶֻԽԽ죡
һֱעһеĹԷɿ˵ԽڴˣһԤУʦѣҲڣ
һԵģ
ૣһʱУ֪ظ˶ٴ仰ȴȻһ˼˳ϫϡ
ǰȥ
Ѿǳϫչ򾳱Դĵ롣
ʱУ򾳱Դ
ǵڶ򾳱Դõʱ䣬ٶ˽һ
º
ĵ򾳱Դ
һº
򾳱Դ
ӿʼ򾳱ԴʱϫٶȷŻʲôѰ㡣
һΣ˰ʱ䡣
ߵ򾳱ԴʱϫٶˣһȥŽǵߵ򾳱Դ
Ҳһ꣬ԺͰԶĬȻӿһĨ޷ȥĽš
˶ǳϫֶαˣΪѿﵽܳܵļޣѿҪ޷ɸ򾳱Դ
ѽֻʣµڰ˵͵ھŵ򾳱ԴʦֻҪסһԳɹģ
ĬĬ
빫ӽչʱѾȥʱ䣬ǽŵأҲѹȥʱ䣬뷵صʱ䣬ҲֻʣһЩʱˡ
ĬĬʱ䣬ΪĳϫԣʱĶʵ̫ؼҲ̫Ҫˣ


1924 ڤڤ
ʱݵϫ׼̨֮ǰ
ҲǽǰԺ¬Ϊһ̤֮˵ʱ
ʱ򣬳ϫǸոյִһƬѩıԭϡ

¬ΪڣƺˣϣԶˡ
ȻأȡҹΪ˵Ժ˵죬һչѰǿ򾳵ж
ȥһʱ䣬ҹΪһ¬һ˷ֵ𣬿ʼ˶ж
һͬҲΪһ򾳵ıԴһǱŮ洹Ȼһȷ֡
ҹĴ㣬ǾԸʱ̺Ů洹һ˷ͻģȴȻû뵽¬壬ѲУŮ洹Ȼһչɱ¾
գȻҹĽŮ洹һ˲¬С
ʣµĿȻһ˱Ӷݶȥһ򾳱ԴҲȻԺС
£ҹ¬ΪȻΪͬʱ¬ͬ˱¶ŭͲмΪĹ۵㣬ҹѰһ򾳱Դڱչصʯһ֮⣬Ů洹һ˱ؽȫû
˫ìܳͻң޷£ҹѡ˷ֵ
ĺǣ뿪ʱԺ˲һжѡ˺¬
ȻԺǿѽΪ¬߱ơ

Ժĵһ꣬ҲǳϫһƬʼչصĵһꡣ
طƹضɾ֮
һԺһڴ˸ڶطչѰǿ򾳵ж

ϫչصڶꡣ
Ů洹ȻѰһµǿ򾳣ʼչأ򾳱Դ
ͬʱҲһ꣬ҹҲһ򾳣չУһ˿ʼж

ϫչصꡣ
ǻ֮ƹضʣµ̫Ͻ̴չµж

ϫչصꡣ
һ귢̫飬ȱɽͼƹضɾ֮
ܿ죬ͼɾѰٳϫ·;к¬һ˷ͻλĶԾһֻ
գۼͼɽԵƻɱ¬壬ȴŷĶط͵Ϯ˶ӡ
Ϊζط¬һˣͼҲ벻ףȴѾѵԺ˻Ϊ̫Ͻ̡Ժһĵˡ
Ҳһ꣬ʥѰٻһµǿ򾳣ʼչء

ϫչصꡣ
ŵͻֻѪõ̫Ͻ̡ԺŮ洹ԺķĴ˽Զʧ
̫ϽߣٴһˣһѪɫ籩УǻܣҲǾ֮
ˣ̫Ͻ߼ǻڣʣˡ
ԺߣһһƬУʧȥټ׶༪١
׿̸Ժֻʣˡ
Ů洹ߣͬٴʧһˣȴУɥǻ֮֡
ƹضʯʱһŮ洹ҲؽǻĶ֡
ˣŮ洹߽ʣˣһȻڱչС
Ժߣ¬ߵͬеһڽһ򾳱Դʱұɵ
ˣҹڣԺʣˡ
֮ܶǻŵأǸǺΪٳȻľӣԵ˵ĲпᾺնޱȣɱķĴҲɱᷢ

ϫչصꡣ
һֱڻŵвϷɶݺѰٵӣһƬѪɫٵնɽУʹʧ
Ҳʧһ죬ƬնɽУȻ󣬵ʱѪɫ׵˸Ѫ꣬ҹ֮󣬷ʧ
ͬʱǻһ˺Ͷطһ˻һһƬѩѩԭϡ
һƬѩԭĳϫҲ
ڤڤ⣬ƸոϵͼͬҲһƬѩԭϣײ֮£ǻꡢطһ·ꡣ
һսɱر
ǻ꣬ǶطԶڣ˼л֮£ͼɺԼĴжôա
ѱű֮ƴ
Ȼһսһ룬ͱһơ
ѩԭط·޷ڵĻչݣ¶һɲľ޴Ԩ
˶Ӧʱͱһ޷ľ޴֮Ю뵽һԨС
ͼ˵ģΪһ⣬һɱ١
ͼҲǲҵģЩղһƬѩԭϣΪȻ֣Ԩ֮£һƬضɱ
ֹԼˣǻꡢطһҲˣ
£޷ѱΧɱˡ
ͼǲģӶݣһƬȫŲƣУֹһβ㱻׷ϣҲΪ˸˲ٴۡ
Ȼͼɺڵһ·ˡ
ΪһƬ򾳱Դ򾳱ԴϥһӰӰ֮ϤȻʦϫ
ˣͼҲˣΪǻͶط֣Ҳ޷ƿһ򾳱ԴܵĽ
ڵǣȻ֣ԭԺͰػһƬ򾳱Դ֮⣡
ֱ͵ԼһȺԺͰܵв
ͼֱ޲ðƳԼֲԼһ˻ǲҡ
һƬѩԭѣײ֮£ǻꡢطһ·ˣǲҡ
Ȼ󱬷һս⣬һƬλԨ֮µУӻһɱ٣ˡ
ɵͷȴ֣Լ޷ѱ׷ɱˣһ׷ɱǣ۵˹ԡϣֱǴң

ԺͰԭǶڰɵͼɳʱĻסԶӭ˳
ɵͼɫǱŲʱʱеļϲ롣
䵱Զ׷ɱǻꡢطһʱ˵Ķ˹ȵס
Σˣ
ͼǳŽͻں޵֮󣬹ԺͰԶʶһ֮ʱᷢ
ô죿
Ǹûκϣ
Ϊͼɶ׷ɱǱο
ͬҲָڱչصĳϫʲôæΪĳϫͬ˼ѡ
ڳϫǰģ򾳱ԴδʱأֹǰҵʱصĻûнΪĳϫҲܻǻǵĶ֣
ҲӲãҲָ˳ϫùԡͼߵɫԶÿ
оͷ·ް㣬κ
û뵽ϫһﻹ˲𣬾Ȼҵһص˭뵽ŵ½棬һƬѳ͵˲ʵ˲ҶЩˡ
һЦǻͶطǵĿڹһɨͲԼͬԶ򾳱ԴУɫдһĨ֮̾ɫ
ǹ˿ɲΪǶԳϫ



1925 
һ̵ǻͶطԵúţһʤȯգĿһеļơ
ͬҲһţڵĽ
Ϊ
ִǬתһ֮Ϊãݵ۾֮ϣϹУֱһװĴڣ
ǻͶطԶɹ֮ʢȻˡ
˿У񾳵ĴѺСûʲô
ͼɫ࣬δ˶ŭһ̹ԺͰԶﲻæʶ֮䣬ͽ˼ĲԼС
ڴˣǻͶطԶΪȻǿƾԺͰֻҪɱͼɣǶҲɡ
ǻ˵ĿԶһƬУһͽ͸һĮȻԼεĺ⡣
ڳϫ޵Уǻ꣬ǶطԶ޲⣬ιǣǣ
ϧƾܣڴ˿Ҳ޷κγϫΪһƬ򾳱Դ֮ǰһ˶ɵޱȵĽ
˻ͷһμһƬ򾳱ԴǰǽŨ񣬼ֱʵʵͭǽڰ㣬ʵںϫ񾳵ΪԽȥӶһƬ򾳱Դеġ
һƬصȷܲ򾳱Դ
ɲǣطͫ͵һЩصԣֹ򾳱Դǰ򵥣ۿϫǼһڴ˱չãֻǵִ֮ǰ˲򾳱Դ
˵⣬ɫЩɲ૵Ź֣һƬʵŹ֣˶򾳱Դǳϫһﳹ׽ȫ򾳱Դʱֻӵкεȿֲ
ضط˵˿ǻͬһУɫҲȻء
˵ϹʷϣҲֹӵ򾳱Դ򣬿ǿʱн缫ĺ䶯
ǺǰһƬصһȣֱС׼ףөԣ
ǻ㣬ϫ򾳱Դټǰδ򾳱Դ򾳱Դ
⻹ֻĹ㣬ʵܱЩ࣡
һ뵽ϫһʷǰبźϴԵǻоͽסһ޷Ƶļޡ
һΪܻ죿
ֱ̫ûˣ
֣ٳˣʱ˿̱ɱͼɼˣϫأɾʹˡ
طһӿһĨȻɱŰ˷ơ
ȽЩһ
ǻҲȾ£Ƚͼڲǵ֮
ϾǵȳϫأʱƾͶطκһ˵ֻ¶Ժϫ
ǻȻԼӵеսΪţҲһϫԼܻˡ
ҲֻкͶطһ֣ʤ㡣
£ȻҪȽͼɣһ֮󣬶ԸϫʱȻ

ৣ
һ⣬ǻͶطĿһֱԵͼϣԼɱ
ҪôѵȺʱҲһ汳ģ
ͼ磬͸һɷζ
ԼĴȴʹԴˡ
Ǻǣ֣˵ǵųϫ棬ɱͬ飬лθ룿
ͼ¶ģǻȻһЦա
ǻ򾳱Դбչعڱչأ緢һҲܹ֪
ȻͲŭģ˶߻ħ޷
ط赭дشԴȴǶޱȡ
Ҳôġ
طЦ
ɣͼɷ侲ҧһ˵һУΪ˸ųϫľĿνǴ֮
䣡
ͼɲٳɣȻ
ָһץʱתһӲӵľ޸ƾո֣Юƥݺݺɨȥ
һɲǣƬǿңһɿɲԵɢǵأ
֮䣬Ǭ׸ģ촷ۣĪ֮
ߡ
ǻһߣͷѪһӣǧѪɫڿն𣬳ͼȥ
ء
һɲǣͼɵĽɫ޸סѪɫ𶯺ͼӰһģо޸ֶɡ
ৣ
ͬʱһĨɫܶ۵һͼɵ磬һѪ
ǶطֶΣǻͼɽֵһɲǣҲһືȻ
һٴδ˵ͼɣ
ͼƺһĿѣ۷״̬ʱҲڸһ־Ǳ
ؼһ·ϱǻ׷ɱ˺ۣ˿ȻԵλļл
˶ѣͼɿɲʹ־ˣ
ɱ
ͼҧأٴγɱħһ㣬ȼգԵ׺֮
ɿǻͶطУ˿̵ͼɾ̶Ѱ·˵ĿЦ
¡¡
սλƬǿջΪսݺأɱþ춯أȺǱ飬һƬҡ
ϫͬϾҪɱģѵһ
սУǻأԴЦѣ͸Ϸʱζϫڱǻ췢ģԻͬһ·㡭Ը䵱̫Ͻ̵ĹҲһ·Σ
ɶ񣡡
ͼзŭ£˻𣬡ʦ棬ǧĪƨ̫Ͻ̵Ļÿһöֱ磡
ۣ
δ£ͼٴθˣһĶطһʡݺݴڱ˺ѳһɼǵѷ죬Ѫ죬Ŀġ
ͼ۵ɫŤȴҧһֲҲԸΪԼŵϫ
ǣͷͦӲġ
طЦϧǳϫʦ̫ģĥҲȡ
䣡
˵ʱֳʣٴƿɱȥ
ҪżҪһһĹͷһֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
һǻҪͨĥͼɣ̼͸ųϫıչء
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ڽʱ䣬һһѪͼţ͸ء
ͬʱǻͶطһһͣþĥĴʻ㣬ϳЦڿࡣ
һУ޲Ϊ˸ųϫУ
ֶΣֱǺݶޱȣ˷ָ
ʼգͼɳ˷һʹƺߣ֮ǿǻͶطü⡣
ӰѾܻһĵǿɱɱܡ
ǻ壬ĮȻޱȡ
ˣ֮ٷǹԶˣɽ˽ԶΪȳϫһʱ龰һȤ
طЦ˵ԴȴǻΪ

ʱǵڰ˵򾳱ԴУϥĳϫ˫鲻Խָ߬УѪʣȴƻȻ
䣡
ڣŭڵ۽ҲƲסغȻϯȫ



1926 
ڰ˵򾳱Դʱϫȷѡ
ѿҪѹƲסڵĹһֿҪơ˺ѡըǿҸо
һ飬ữΪһƬҲ򣬶޷ӵ֮
Ҳζţ䲻߻ħΣգҲֻܳΪһ۾һٺԵ
ǹʣһ̳ϫĸһ˿ģ
ɵһбʣͼɺǻꡢطսľ죬ԼǻǴޱζĴԴʱϫҲӿһĨ޷Ƶŭ
ļһ
䵱ò̶ֶһĥͼɣҪͼɳĨɱʱϫѸ޷Լ
ŭȼգӿȫ˶һ㣬ɱƣ͸޾⡣
ǻԣϫŵ壬ͬպʱĿܻ޶ԣ
ŭˣ
׵ŭˣ
ɳϫʶȴδŭ裬෴ȴԵ侲
һԼȥҲ޲෴ẦͼɺԼһ
Ǵʱжò˶ãͼɱ˶
ô죿
ҲУҲУѵҪһҾͼǺԼǰ

ϫǾġ
һ˲䣬ͰעԼϣԺȫŸֿܡ
գֻ뵽һ취ƾ߽ܳһҾ緢
ֻ򾳱Դһƾϣż
״Ҫ֮ǰİ취쵽һ뻹Ҫʱ䡣
Ȼвͨ
ǲָγ׽⣿
¡¡
ڳϫзʱڵӿڵõһͱըĸоǿҡ
ҲõóϫסڳһĪʹࡣ
ڱչʱ˼ֵΣ֣κ˶ԣֱһױȵĥѣ
ϫҲ⡣
˿̵ڶеһǰδеļ尾
ֹ򾳱Դһޱȵ⣬ǻҪȥ˼λһҪĲҾ硣
Ѱˣȴֻͱˣ
ϫȻûбҲûԶˣһͻıʣյĽѡ
һòãͿܻóϫ
һССĲܻһ
ǺǣԱʦصĻᣬȺĳ֮ʲôʸʦ棿
Ҳգ֣ĥһûʲô壬֣ô˻ὫһﳹĨΣ
ãҹζࡣ
ȻٴδһǻͶطĽ̸䵱¶ɱҪĨͼʱϫֻоҪը㣬ӿһĨ޷ķŭ
һ̣ĳΪðյľ͵һҧȥѹ͸С
䣡
һ˲䣬ϫը
һİ̺ˮ㣬Ȼ˷ɢ
ܹһţһƬҲĿڳϫ¶Ρ
һг׳ȹϫⱲӾ޷ɾֻܳΪһ۾ڣ
Ϊȱһ֮
һ֮Ͳδ򾳱ԴС
䣡
ʮ𼱰һ̣ϫ͵˫־籧գͷҡ
ȻɬĴӿ˲ϢΪһ޴ޱȵУȻת
һɲǣһɿɲޱȵɨʮ
һ̵ĳϫϽʵʣŹ忡ϵľǷȻζ
ԶԶȥͷ·ڻеһϽգڷȼգһƬȾɲȻϽɫ
¡¡
ǵڰ˵͵ھŵ򾳱Դ˿ҲңΪޱȵһֲ˼ٶȣӿһ޴УȻݺݳϫڡ
һȻס𣿡
磬ǻȻŤͷĿһзסЦ֪ϫѳױƵͶ·ˡ
Ȼ˹ֶ򾳱Դ޷˵ܱϣ󣡡
طҲע⵽һУסЦϫ˿ֳķжͲÿġ
ǻ꣬ǶطԶ򾳱Դʶϫһ̵ֹǹֱǲҪˣԵ޴׳֮
ҲӲ֤һ̵ĳϫȷƼˣŭͷԡ
Ȼɳ˷׳յˡ
ȻһжǺӺͶط⿴Ľ
ʦ桪
һ̣Ѫ죬˺ۣѸ˼Ϊصͼɽסһ𣬷ŭ˼£ۿѪ
Ը⿴һĻǷˣں޽ӣܵһǰδеĥ
Ը
ҲԸϫΪ˶һĪĻԵ

ϴǻͶطЦ˵Ĵ̶⵶㣬ݺݴͼϡ

أ
ǻͶط˵ǰ㣬򾳱Դ֮ܿɲϫôֱͲҪûʲô
һɲǣѪը׹֣Ѫ޷һӿڵ򾳱Դĳ
أ
ܿ죬ͷҲʼѣ˶޷һ˿ԭȵģһĹǺӡ
ããã
һ̣ϫһжģõǻ˷ܵѣ̲סƴЦ
ȥһϢͼɡ
طҲͬˣϴǰϫ˴Ļ档
أ
ܿ죬ϫȫըѣֻʣһ֮ȼգĿġ
һ̣ͼɺͣͣӲԺһƬհףʦѵҪʹٶ
һĻǻͶطмֱ쵽˼£ֱ޲쳤Хһ
۵ڳϫг̫వѽϫ֮ǡټϳϫʣսԶԶһͷõöҲѱޱȡ
ʶһ̵ϫɺ޵ͽ٣ɿܲˣ
ʣһˣܾһһϫɣ
ǻૣ˵̲סЦ
ӴԺɽͽʧȥһ״ӣϢϹҲ֪˻θ롣
طҲЦڣٲȻһʤȯգָ㽭ɽģ
ɺܿ죬ǻͲԣסԣƾ꣬Ƕ޷򾳱ԴĳģΪһɴš
ҰУϫһ֮ȼգʢҫۣǵһ˿Ϩףʢ̵һۡ
ȷЩԾ򾳱ԴڳۣǷʲô
طͬҲһ˿ףǵЦݽ̡
䣡
˷ӦһݵĿֲϢٿȻӳϫһӿɢʮأ
һɲǣ򾳱ԴͱУ
ˡ
ˡ
֪ʱƬҰǿУȻ쳹һһĵƮҰֱġ
̫ʥо
ͬʱһʥϡϢ


1927 
ը飬ֻʣ֮һɲǣϫоԼʶ룬ٸ֪κʹࡢ˷ܣûκһ˿
ʶУֻʣһѩ侲
һ̵һԹߣһĮȻ侲ĽǶȣԼһС
ԼǱѪ⡢ǡǻΪϸĹ꣬ȴδɢһֶضķʽ飬䶯ںϡ
һɹɿ񱩵򾳱Դ˿ȴȪˮӿЩѪ⡢ǡĹУϴϴʹ̺ɱ䡭

صľ˿̶˺ֵسУȴһ˿
˺Լ֮УȽȽһŲȻϽɫǳ
ǳ͸Ⱦһ˿һʥϢ
֮ϿգͷųλðϽɫԣԼ궼
һɲͨ͸һʯԡ
䣡
Ƭ̣ϫֻʶ׻˲ʹһּµ侲״̬
Ȼ͸ܵԼѪ⡢ǡǿʼ顢ָܿںΪһ
ڣһƬڲţ
һƬԭֻʱһСɽգۼ䣬һ
ѾתС
䣡
ɲޱȵ򾳱Դһֲ˼ٶţõóϫҲ֮չӡ


ı
屶

һ̵ĳϫӵռ䣬ϱչµԵò˼֮
Ҫ֪޵ڽʱҲֻǽͻƣ仯Ϊһ򣬿ܹصΧȴɺûʲô
ֻһ֮ѡ
мƾһ֮Ȼпٳ
ɳϫȴԵȫһ
һ̵ֹƾ򾳱Դ飬ķΧҲһֺŵٶȷɿչ
֮䣬ķΧͱ˾ű
֮һ̳ϫڵ򣬸ӵԶűķΧ
ȥֻ·һ䶯ɡ
ΪԣķΧԽ󣬿ɵԽ࣬սʱӳܾԽǿ
£Զű򣬿֪ܹӳô׵սˡ
Ҳһ̣ϫŵűΧʱһɫӶΪ磬˷
֮磡
ڸյִ򾳱Դʱϫһξʶ
ʱһ鲼ÿһ䣡
ζʲô
ζѳ籾Դӵ̤ʵĸ
䣡
һ̣ϫȷƾˣȶȻͷˮɣȻûһ˿ɬ
ͬʱӿ֣쳹ֱģ쳹ʮأ
ڳϫУһϽɫǳȻԣŹʶ
飡
ǵ۾һڣͬΪؾ磬һΪһҲͨϵһǵ۾ǵ۾ǵ۾ֱǵ۾
ǡָҵĵǣ
Ȼϫ۵ǣ޵߽ԲֳͬϽ֮ɫ͸ߣ
Ǵ˵еġϽۻǣſգ꺣

ϫһϵб仯ƻʵڶ̶̼֮䣬ɡ
֮һʱһƬǿУƮһֺϽʮ
һɲսԶһʥϡϢ֣
ţ
ԭں޽ӣŨŨеͼ͵̧ͷһĻʱԭĿȻӿֳһĨʦû
ͬʱǻͶطкݺһɫ䣬ԭޱȵ˲䱻һĨȡ
ã
һɲǾͿϫһ֮ǵûбĨ𣬷һ־ɱ䣡
һɱ仹һƴʥޱȵ
ô£
ļһѵֻΣΪˣ
ǻͶطɫһӱޱȣĿоǾɺͲ˼֮ɫ
֮ǰǻֻ䳰ȷΪϫ˴αɣϱؽһ
˭룬֮䣬һо˾ת
ǻͶط㶼޷ܡ

Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ɫ粻ճԣټֵ飬ҲԱǵľ򶨡
һȴȻѰɱȣڳϫݵһĻĻҲʵ̫ţֱǷ˼õҲһʱ޷һоô¡
µľݲٶ롣
ʶأǻ㱩ȳ죡ɱͼɣȳϫһһжǰ
УӰһһҫ۵Ȼһͼɱȥ
һ̣ǻһĮȻɱȫٲһ˿
ѳ׸ı䣬ԼĻᣬѾʣ޼
ʱͼɱȳϫ֣һоͳˣ
ɱ
طȻҲʶһ㣬ǻͬʱҲȻ֡
ৣ
ʵһնһǧɳɫâ˺ʱգԶͼɱȥ
һɲǣɱ˼£ɱǵء
ͼɫȻһ䣬ٲҺ˼룬ӰһҪԶԶܿ
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¡
Ҳͬʱһ̺Ŷطƥɱɫâɱ
ͼɱ޿ɱܣ
ԭѸ˼أ־ˣֻѱǻĥ
·ֱǻ곹׷һĿϣܹȥ
ͼѾںЩȷϫ֮Ѿо´ʱȥҲ޺ˣ
ɱ
ͼɴһ¶Ȼʮ𼱵ĹͷҲϧȫһ˵汳Ǿ͸ˡ
أ
ɻͼжֻԶӶɫУƱһֻεĴ߬סȻ飬Ϊ
ţ
ͼһ
ء
ͼɷӦΧ˷ЩѪɫҲһ񲻿ظ㣬һѣȻɢ
һ˲ѣͼܵͱ߽⣬ɢ
ţ
һĻǻͶطɫ䣬ʶҪٶֻ֣ǰһоʧȥͼɵټ
⣡
һӣǻͶطĳȵףɫòѲµʲô
ԼͬأŤͷ
ͿԶ򾳱Դڵ򣬴˿ǿյһƬƬܵĽǰһεӰȻ
忡һͷŨܺڷ磬һϮǿհ㡣
ȴΪһƬףȻУһִǬϣ£
ˣȻǳϫ


1928 ˶
ϫ
ϫӰǻͶطͫԶȻһɫдһĨ
ѿһ̵ĳϫѳɹ֮Ϊ˺һĴڣ
ֻǣأЩ벻ͨղųϫ٣ֻʣһͷɹˣ
ֱûˣ
ΣһжѷǻͶطԶһҪɱͼɵǲܡ
ãǸͼϢ٣ԺͰϾڣͬ߱в
ֵģȻϫɣ
ʱǻ꣬Ƕط㶼ҰڳϫУⱻΪܴ衣
˴ԭΪض֣ϫҲؽ˭룬ϫһֲ˼ķʽһָ˴Īв
˵ǣһΣǲһˣλһʶɵϫ
ɱһѵܱܲɣ
ǺӺͶطĹ۵㡣
Խɲǣ˿ϫĿнԶ´һĨĮȻ֮ɫ
û뵽һ湻Ӳģźˣעûʲô³
ط΢΢һЦдһĨţһƵζ
˵ʱѺǺһ𣬷ǿּ࣬л֮ƣԶĳϫ
͸һϢɱζ
εĶţһƣԾǬҾγ
ڴˣϫȴȻ
һӣվµͼɷ˳˺ۣѪȾͼɣúÿţʦ㱨𡣡
ƽһ˿
֪ΪΣһ仰ͼɺȻһůۿͨ죬̲סҪᡣ
Աֱֱ꣬ç˴ξһޱȵĥܵޱȵĴݲкʹһϢ
˭룬ͷȴǻ˾һתΣΪֱԵشֻһǼÿҪ޷ơ
ʶŻϫһ仰ʱ¶顣
һĻϫѹֵɱŨңɫȴĮȻƽ
ͼɼûж˵ʲôתĿԶǻͶطˡ
һɲǣϫһˣһεɱ䣬һ˿
ǵĳޣ˶ϰɣ
ĮһƮǿ֮䡣
ǻͫ΢΢һУȻЦ˶ϣ˶鵹ǲ
һΪ֮󣬱޷죬Ŀһˡ
طҲмЦ
˶ϣ
ϫһﻹ˵ڣ
ǻЦˡ
طЦˡ
ϫûЦɫĮˣһֲĿˡ
֪أϫĿⶢţǻͶطнԶЩǸоͷ·Լڳϫгһ㡣
ЦˣҲ·ˡ
ĮУϫԣſն죬һۻѲ߮Լء
ˣҵҪ˭ĵӣţ
ɭȻУǻɱڣȶ֡
䣡
ǻѪ裬ΰиֳնУɫķɫڿն𣬽ʱն顣
ݺһɱ£
ʱ֮䣬״ŭƣǬ˲ɫĩ١
꣡
ճױѿ϶ޱߣ飬ɢ
һ̵ǻ꣬ͷ֮أһԲĻĻӨӨ⣬縡һ򣬻ǳӳĵưϣ֮
ƣ
һԲĻյġ֮
䣡
ͬʱϫҲˣԭزֻĳһƣȻϽɫ
һɲǣǻƿɲһ㱻һ촷ۣΣ
ɱ
ǻͫһնٴնɱƥ֮ΪȼյĹ⣬ڷ֮У粻赲һϯϫﱼڶȥ
ɱ
һ£ǻһնһɲնǧٴΡ
Ѫ裬˫ĿѪɫĵâǧɣԵضɲ
֮һ̱ȫͷţǵƣǿʮѹһȻϡ
ʣһ̵ǻ겢ûκСϫ෴һѶ
䣡
ͬʱһĶطҲȻ
ʣ̫飬һһǧģͷŲȻ⣬
һ̵ĶطͬҲȫϢֲˣ֮ͨЮ֮ң
¡¡
λһֲ֣һƬǿնҪ𣬷ҵĺ
̫ɲ
֮߱һȣֱ֮԰㡣
Զͼоһ̫ɲ˵ֵһ˲ֻ¶С
ʦֵܵס

һ˲䣬ϫ˱㱻޾Ըǣ˱ûڸֿɲĿɱС
˶ѰٵӰ
⣡
ͼɫ䣬ô
һսԻδס
ǻЦɽӣͷѪĿհ㣬ƥ
κһλڣֻҲԵסҶ˵ѹˡ
طЦ
˵ȴЩ̤ʵΪǵ֪Уϫֵ˲ˡ
꣡
Ȼһ̣һȻϽٿȻԵҫۡ
ܻΪһԲĻĻһӴޱȵתУһѭǳ˸عֱͨʵڰ㣬ͷųһϣ
ǣ
ǻͶطкݺһš
ͷͬӿһԲĻǱǡ֮Ǻǰһ֮һȣֱС׼װ㣡
ûȣ
ǻ˲㶼ɣ⾿ǲǡ֮δҲ̫ˡ
ͣ
ĮУϫӰһƬҵУζΰԡϽԣһۻʣϰ
֣һֺޱȵġ֮ҲתһһӦóϫԵ

ǻͶطɫһ䣬ڸȷţϫһǵûбˣӵеȫǵԤ
ɱ
Ӽ֣ȫԸ
ʶأǻͶطٴκȻתȫΪԶսͷųܡ
һ˳ףϫһ²ǰǿһǶɵޱȵĸ߶ȣ
һԲĻӳֳһƬֺ뵽˼ġ֮õ֤
䣡
ǻֳնУһɫƿɱתһ۷壬ȼա
һ֮ղţǿֱ̫࣬ͬƴһ㡣
أ
ɽһ˲һײ쳹һֻϽɫԵĴֱ֣͸һɫһնϣ
Ȼ󡪡
ǻ׻һ˺ݺݵɳȥ



1929
赭дһƣ㽫ǻɣ
ĿһĻͼɣǶطԶסһֱš
ǻʱӵˡһĳƺţ츳͸֮׿ȻɰӾ޵ߡ
Ϊ֤ϧѹƾ罫֮ã֤ɹ֪ƺε֮ǿ󣬾Ѱɱˡ
ȻʱȴһƱ㱻ϫɣ
߿Ǿһص򲻿ɡ
䣡
սڳҲݶط룬ǻ걻˵һɲϫȻתɱ
һ̵ĳϫµĵۻʣϽɫ磬ĮȻ
أ
ط𣬽֮ӲһɲǣҲϫһɣͷϵ
ôܣ
ܣ
ǻͶطɫˣţ͸žŭ
Ǹ޷ǶѽһֳɾȻǳϫһ֮У
δ̫ɲˣ
˲㶼޷ܣΪʲôΪʲô˴˽Զڣɲȴ֮
䣡
˷Ӧϫٴɱ
ƬǿݣϫһƬǿյףһ޿ƥеÿһ̤
ˡ
ǻ곹ױŭͫѪ졣
̣ܻһڰ׹ɲܻΪ֣Ҫϫסݺݴһ
أ
ϫһӣҲƣ¡һһ̶𵴲ݡ
ǻٴαˣпѪ
ৣ
һ̫࣬鷭ӿһģͷʥ֮۳ƪ£ǣţҪϫɱ
͵Ϯ
ϫüȻת͵̽һץǽһƪصƪӲ˺飬
ط鶼ò㱬
뵽ϫͽֶԿ̫ʵҲ̫ײ˰ɣ
䣡
һ̣طҲܷɣĵˣѪ
һ̣ǻ꣬Ƕطֱ񲻿һ㣬ϫѹ
ǲǿǺͳϫ̫Զ
ȴڣϹУҲԳƵһ򾳵İ뢣
ǺͳϫһȣԵ޹ˡ
ϾĸܹϫҲһŵ򾳱ԴٳΧҲľű֮㣡
ű
⿴Ʋ۵֣ΪΪĻǿɾͺˣϹݹ۹ʷֻ¶ҲϫĴˡ
ǶŽبź
ɶʵǿɶ񣡡
ǻбʣ񣬷ɱϫ
һ̵ѧĸϵյĸ񱦶ĳȫսޱ
ľѹƣ
֮ԭΪֲͳϫ֮Ĳ࣬˭룬ǵûֲԽԽˡ
һֱŵǻܽܵˣ
ɱ
طͬˣɫ͸ޱȵķŭһϫȴ˱ȵǱֱܴ裡
¡¡
Ƭ󶯵ǳ촷ʱұʢɲĵܣײ֯һһĩհ
λ֮Ľ棬Ͷ֮䣬ɱ£Ǭγ
ȿԾǷϹУ֪һεȾֻˡ
ҲҺŵһصУűһɢȥ
䣡
УϣѣѪ裬ֳֿɲ
ڳϫƣͶ֮䣬ɳʯ񺿣Ŀ¾
ɳֿȭÿһĳȴɽХ㣬ǿնҲããϽԹɢ˺գʮԲ

вʱǻͶطĲҽУ͸ŷŭʡ𾪡Ȼޡ
Ǵ˿̸޷赲ϿѪгϫƥơ
ϫĶǺܿ죬һǰУͬѲ߮ɽӵĵ۾
ÿһǿֲģΪ̺ң
ͬսʼ񣬳ϫɫһֱĮȻ
ǻڲҽУȴš
Ϊ
ϫѺ޵˼£
۵ʱ˱һֱһδþӵֶҪ̭֡
ڸսŵ֮˸̫Ͻ̺ԺһڴչɱǳϫӦ죬ʱͼɾͱؽ٣
ֱղ򾳱Դʱ˸Բֶȥĥͼɡ
һϵеĳޣѻڳϫУ۽㲻Ϸͣڣ޷⡣
£ϫĿܻˡ
Ѻ޵˹
ɱǻͶطоԼ޷Լŭ

ˣ
ϫɫĮƽѹȵձƥϽˮкɢ˷
̫ɲˣǻ궼ܣͬߵķƵģݺײѪͷ֪˶ٸ
һ̵ǻ꣬ٲ֮ǰɣϿѪͷɢԡѪģ֮
Ϊ̫Ͻ̴һǱɽȴĴۣ
ǳϫĶ֣޷мܣ
ԳϫʱһСĸо޷
ǻŭ̫಻ʣ

ǻ𣬽߾ܶԿǱϫһƶţƿһѪܵĴ󶴣Щʹɥ
ߣһյ֮ǵľűУ
Ҫͷطһ±ɵǻ꣬ҪӶݡ
ߣһƬ򾳣ҵĵ̡
ϫ磬ĮȻӶˣ߸ϣɱ⡣
ǿڣһľŵ򾳱Դ֮һƬ㱻ա
£ԲʹųӶݡ
䣡
˵ʱϫ˫һƬǿյ˷ȻһɫƬس׷

طɫ䣬ǷˣڣȼգʼƴҪƿǰɫ
գȴͽ
䣡
ڴʱϫٴɱָӶһ˿̻Ϣ
طһҽУͷѪԭޱȵմ˿ѱŤ
޿ӣ޿ɱܣ
һ̣طڵһᵽʲôоʲôָо̼
Ÿսѣǳ־Ľ׶ΣĻľʹ˱ŵУ
ϫŹΣǷԺΪΣѵηҪϾɱ
ᣬǵ弫˴˴ֽŵأɾΪ˻ɱ
طǻһߺˣһߴУѴһĨҺͿ־塣
֮ӣ֮Ըɴ´˿һɱ٣Ϊȴϧģ֪˿Ǻε֮
в
ȻУ
ԲǻͶطˡ
ǵ弫ĴˣһӵȨǰ;ҫۣ
ĴڣȻԸʹȥˣ
ڴˣϫӿսڵһοڣĿĮȻɨǻˣȴָԶͼɣ֮ǰǿ᣿
˶٣ǻͶطУϫȻõͳᣬˣڱأҲˣô


1930 ƹ
£ϫٴζ֣ԷϢĻᡣ
䣡
ϫָЮϽԣһƬϽѹ£ʱն
ɶ񣡡
ˣ
ǻͶط뾪ŭȣĿѣû뵽Լ踺أϫͷԷɲ顣
ǽֵֿܵסһ˲䣬˱ٴαɣͷƣģޱȡ
һ̵ĳϫ޿ƥУ
ûκһ˿֣ƣþֶΣֹҪݻٶԷҪݿԷ
Ϊ֮ǰͼҲĥʱϫֻ֮֮ˡ
Ѫˮ
ҽ졣
ɢ
һʱ֮䣬ƬǿһƬңˡ
λսڣ˿ȴϰ㣬ϫȫѹ³֮ң˲Ŀá
ԶͼɶסԿ֮ĳϫսѱǿ֮ȴû뵽ϫ֮ǿ
λ֣м֮磬˭ˣ
ѹ
Եѹ
ϫǵ񣬴ݿֶΣͼҲѪȣг졣

Һƴˣ
أطһЪ˹ŭ˵ƾһɲǣڽ
޿ӣ޿ɱܣֻܱľУƺѷ񣬴עһͳϫʯ١
䣡
һɲطΧһƬһƬԡԵսǳⱻʢϼû̫ˡ
⣬̫鲻ܻһصĴƪ£֣ȻĿ
꣡
Ťѣܲס
֮
һɲǻҲݺ𶯣ϳִԺϷţȻطҪƴˣ
طʢΣգóϫҲһУеĶȴδָ֮ͣУٴһơ
Ȼ
ϵһĻˣطһӣӰٿȻƾճ֣˳ϫĹ֮ǰ
һطܻĴƪ£ȴôʱݺݺԶƬصɫϣ
Ȼβƴ͵Ҫûƿһϣȥ
أأأ
һһѪըȴӰһ֣ͱϫһĨɱӦҶʣ
ϫȴǿӰȻǧ𡢹Ľذϴ
֮ǰ˶طڣȴʲô£Ѳ
ֱǱ֮
˭뵽ΪͬţΪطǵ䵱ƣ
Ҫ֪˿һԺеӡӣ츳Ǿѣӵи֮ˣԺĺ
ȴ䵽زֹͬųں֪¾ͳױǱԺһϹŶ֪̲ɡ
һɲǻ궼סаһúݣ
طֶΣֹǺֱᵽ˼£ǻԡ顱Ƶ̫Ͻ̴˶Ծ
һ˵ʵһɲɣǧ˱еʱطľɱһҲǺݺݺԶɫϡ
䣡
Ƭ𶯣𵴾춯أеɫ˿̱Ӳƿһ޴Ļڣ
ৣ
ͬʱطӰһʹһӳһգ۾ʧ
̫ˣ
óϫӦһ˿ԭڣͬҲû뵽طȻ˱Ӻǧ𡢹Ľذϴ䵱ڻңʵ̫ˡ
޷󣬶طȽҫ۵Ŀĳȴ֮޳ܣ
ৣ
һӰǰ֣ʶأϫӰŲƣٿȻһӰ֮ǰ
Ҳӣ
ϫ䶢ŶԷһӰǻ꣬ԭҲҪûӶݣȴһģϫס
һӣǻңٽǿˣһ̣ҲȻеˡ

ϫ֣Ͻɫ糱ˮۣɱ硣
Ѳӣҹζࡣ

һɲһĲҽдӼԶȻǶط
˺£
ѵԶڶطӶݵʱһɱ
óϫһݣǻҲ⡣
ϫѣǶطѾɱˡ
һö𣬰ǴԼ޳Ӱ֣һɫĻڴ
ǺЦȴһʬȻǶط
λҫ۵Ժӡӣӹһ٣ȴУҲп޳
ϫ˵ͷлˡ
ǻһطһҲˣԺǰŵصĴˣѵȫû
ǻԼĴҲ
ϵԷ˵ۿչ¶ϢҲѽ֮
ټǰĳϫǻʱաԼֻڽӣ
ԹԵȣλ̫Ͻ̵ѣɡ
˵ʱϫĿǻ꣬ɫĮȻ䣬һ˿
ǻŵأؼɵɱǻ֮Ҫеʲôˡ
ϫ㡣
΢΢һЦŲʱգһսɾڴʱٴη
䣡
һѪɫƥٿȻƾն֣ɲǼǰһѾסʺ
죡
̫ˣ
ӦѱͻأһѪɫӰסţ
һɲǣɫ䣬ʧ
һӵܣܹ£һɲǾƷ֪ߵΪεȺˡ
ӣ
ϫȻŤͷͿһѪɫӰȻأεӣ
ֻʱӣһϮѪۣ磬ü絶ɢһɲɣĿɲϢ
ֱˣ
ƣɭȻأֱһԶħ㣬ɱȡ
ȻѰٵġӵܣ
ϫּˡ
΢΢һЦ͸һĨ˵⡣
ৣ
ȻԭһֱԵǻôʱ͵ӰһҪӶߡ
ȴϫһѾסСƵõ޷
ʱ̣Ϊһô
ϫĮȻһĨɱ
ǻʱȻһθܵʲôΪΪ⡣
֣ұɱŮˣ
ָɫʱǺޱȣһֱϢС
һ仰óϫеɱʱѹȥĿ㣬Զӡ

֣͸һǵصѹȡ
ȴǲΪЦϫѵΪڵңǰһô¸㣬ŵأҡעܵģ

ϫüͷɱȻ
Ƭ̣㼴ЦˣҲԣǻ꽻ңһΣ
óϫ⣬û´ӺǻǺ޹ϵ˿ΪҪǻꣿ


1931 Ƶ
ֹǳϫǻ궼סһ㶣Щš
Σ黹ǻһԭľƾһ˿ϣ

ڳϫУ
һ̣ϫĬˡ
񹬴ˣ̫֮ԨԴղŸЭԼɱ˶ط
ϫˡ
˷Źǻ꣬ȴЩʡ
ճš
û˵еĿⶼڳϫϣȴš
֮󣬳ϫĿ⵭ĮؿԶӣϴʱ˵ҪѰڶʱҵڣ仰ǵã
ЦҵȻǵãҸıˣɱ㲢һʱֻҪ㻹ڻŵУʲôʱ򶼿ԽĨˡ
Դƽ͸һԵüΪš
ϫͷҺһҪɱ㣬ǵȷ̫ˡ
˵ţһҴӦ
ЦҲãʵ͵ıһ㣬顢塢еҲʧˡ
˵ʱһͽ׷ɳȥ
ৣ
ָɣӰһͶУɫ͸һɺ⣬ӡ
ڴˣȴȻĿһֱųϫڣгŵˡ
ѵͲҳھɱ
ϫȴδʹ˷ǻ꣬ɫȻؿӣڡ
㲻ôġ
һĬٴЦҸ˵ôˣڵıض㡣
ŶԼã
ϫ΢Уƽ
أԽ߬ǻʺõɫýϣ˵һ仰
ˣֳĬƬ̣ҡͷ̾ϢҿˣϫǰԳУҲֻܿܿһǸα֮ˡ
ˣԴѺͶԴģǵˣȻ᲻ʹκֶΡ
ϫĮȻ
˵Ĳ㣬϶Ҳľʹˡ
ӾǺŭһΪȻģ̾ȷ֮עֻǵˣҶ̲ס㽻ˡ
Դ棬Ȼ˵Ц
ֻϫԴȴǲм֮ΣֻºǴϸԪӴŲСϵˡ
£ϫɱԷѾʴˡ
ȥһֻ¾Ҫˡ
ϫƽָǻʺƿҪŤϡ
ˣɫڱ棬һȻһƹϵƤŻɬ˿ݡ
Ӧʶɣ
ƿڡ
ϫһ²ⲻһƤȻԼеƤһԶǣŵĳһԵ
һԵпܺռ;йء
ˣҿԺһصƤǽ֮
Цһţƺȷϫܾˡ
˵ɱ㣬ٶһƤΣ
ϫȻʵ
ӴЦôƤؽ٣Ҫǡûϣܹɱңţ㾡ԡ
ϫĬˡ
˿̵ӱֵĺţƣóϫһִͺһлĳɱûչֳһ
ԣϫջǿסɱóҪʲô
Ȱˡ
ָųϫеǻꡣ
ϫ˿еǻ꣬ɫŤ࣬ȴһĨ⣬ȷϣʱ̣ϫԼô
գϫƵĽǻ˳ȥ
ЦһԤϵϫô̽һץͽǻС
֣
ȻһɲǣϫȻϵһ㳯ɱȥ
䣡
ͬʱһҲȻһлӡ
һж죬ϣӶţڴʱ˿̣ϫҶˡ
ѵ治㽻ԼһƤˣ
ףɱ
ߣսһһǾԲˣȻˣҾ㿴һ֮Ĳ྿ж󣡡
ɭȻЦУڿն𣬻ԡѪɫâƱǣħ

ȻսһɲǣԭеǻȻһĲҽС
һɲǻȻ顢Ϊ꣬ȻЩ˲Ϣ𣬳׻Ϊޣ
֮һɲǻڣ̫Ͻһľƾʧˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
һˣһ˿׵ػΪޣǵ龰ȴκѪȲ̵ĺ
ͻȻıʣʱЩֲͫһ˿ҡ
䣡
ҲڴʱһĨִͨɱӲɳȥ
ৣ
ͬʱӰǰһ㼴ʧһһƳ㣬Ĳ˼顣
ٴվȽŲʱʱͷ֣еһƤ˿̾ԶУ
ˣ
ӵɫһ
һж̫죬ӳϫǻ꣬ٵһȻֱǻͻأһƤߣһϵжԶ̫ͻȻ˱
ﶼʼϲձֹֿûܾǻ꣬ʹʧеƤ
ܲŭˣ
ֱ̫
ĿɭȻ䣬絶аϫһһٵǡѾŭˣ
ϫ˿ȴ΢΢һЦֲ֣ѾˣΨһǣȷñǿˣղһûɱ㣬ʵЩź
ղţһֱںӶԻʵ򰵵Ѵúս׼
Ȼֲźۼؽһս뵽ǻڣ׸Զӡ
£һжɵƯ˳
ףܹһУ޷֡
ȣӾ벻£ϫȻҶ֡
ΣǻӶͬҲһ⡣
󣬳ϫһʱյ̫׼ͬʼϲӦ
һϵеı֮£ȡЧֹɱǻ꣬һٶһƤ
ֻǳϫû뵽սɱǻ꣬Ҳɱ̫Ͻˡ
ΪͶطһǻͬͬУսĨɱЩͬҲ֮𣬾Ϣֱޱȵˡ
ǧ𡢹Ľذϴ˸ң
ʵҪ͹ܡ
ˣŵص̫Ͻ̴˺Ժȫһڣ
һϹ޵֪Ҳ֪ˣΪǶ̫Ͻ̣ǶԺԣһޱȵĴ
һ콾Ĵˣڻŵȫѣһڣ
ĸֻ¶Գˡ
ǵ˲δʹ˳ʧ
ΪǰһΣصӣ



1932 ĵ۾
ܿ죬ϫעԶϡ
ܹʧ֮£˿ѳױŭɫࡣ
ϵǣӲδŭֻ֣ĮȻӱˣҲ֪һЩʲô
ϫʹһ񣬴ô˻һٽ¡
ӲֹԻŵϤޱȣһܹһƤõԵѰˡ
ܻӣ˵ܹлһЩмֵĶ
ǺǣǺǺǡ
ȳϫǶ֣ԶӾȻȻЦЦҹɰɭˣԵüΪء
ϧڻǷֳʤʱ򡣡
̾˿αˣò˶ãǱٴʱɲˣ
ĮƽƲٶŭԵ
֣
ӿ˵ʱϫЩףʶ˵꣬һȻ
ȴ˸գ
ԭڣӵӰٿȻƾʧ˰㣬Ѱٲһ˿ټ
ΨǵĮǿƮţ͸һݹ˵ζ
óϫһݣ̫ˣɶѽһȫ䱸״̬Уȴûܷ뿪ģβ˳Ծ
һ˭
ΪҪڴ˿ͻأ뿪
֮ǰͻȻҪزʶǻ꣬Ϊʲô
ϫ벻ͨ
Ҳоϲ⣬Ϊ޲һɹصɫʡ
оͺѶԼһУԼȴжһ֪
ಡ
ʱͼɴһһ񱦣磬Ȼʢ֮
ʦ棬ɱǻ֮µı
ͼ˿ȴ˷ܣճϫеķŭͳҲй졣
ϫ£˼ĿһɨЩ񱦣߼֮࣬һ鱦
նС
̡
걦衣

һ޲Щ̫Ͻ̴õ񱦣Ʒ֮ѣ鱦еƷ
ҵˣⶫطϿҲŲٺñ
ˣȻ΢΢һЦһطʬƾոֶ

ҲǵһѹսƷַ죬̶̼ʹӶطʬ
ΪעĿģʺ̫ɣ
磬˿ô񱦶ѻһ𣬷ǴֲɣȴǿҲֱӾͽЩ񱦵ݸ˳ϫ
΢Ц˵ϫѣܣֻ˳ֽɱЩսƷΪס
ʱ֮䣬һ񱦸ڳϫǰ磬óϫȼߴ˴ԵĹˣҲһۻҡ
Щ񱦷ֱ̫Ͻ̺ԺĴУɿܻѰˣۼֵÿһǿ屦
Щ˳ϫǰ޵ߣֻ¶ϲޱȣΪ֮񲻿ɡ
ϫֻɨһۣͽ񱦻ȻսƷȻҲһݣϾǸղսĪҪƴǡ
˵ţҲܾѡʡ̫顢նС걦ļȻʣµļ񱦵ݸͼɡ
ļ͹һŵ̫գһЩ񱦷ޱס
ϫͬͼɾܾͽЩ˹ȥ
ʦ桭
ͼǸжǼ˵ʱϫȥֻ¶һüͷˡ
ϫļЦЦûж˵ʲôԼҪôס
Ǻãұˣȷ񹬣Ὣһ̫ʦõġ
ЦЦҲˬ³ϫ
ӵһγϫԼٵʱָԼսƷϫܴһԭǿ̫ȵϡ
ϫͷЦѾˣôá
ˣͼģ
ϫȻʶһ⣬סʵ
ͼɱԼһ·гЩ귢ڻŵеһЩʣҲ޾ϸһһ˵
ſЦʵǻͶطһֻҲʦˡ
ϫ˵ͷһ㼴˵ұչصЩ꣬ҲʣѲصЩǵ֮ǰѰһ򾳱Դ
˵⣬ĿԹкδ㣿
ԳһЦʼԴ̫뱻͵Ϯɱ֮Ҿͳûͬ飬Ҳǹ»Ұһֻȥﶼ޷
˵⣬һתϫЦϫѣ㲻ҸΣ
ԴǿɣʵѴһĨڴ
ŵ̫գɱһҲеЩΣգܹϫһжҪȫࡣ
Ȼǻӭ
ϫҲЦˣܹ½ԼĶ飬Ǽõġ
ܹɽǰһ״ӺҲǱҡ
¶һĵЦݡ
ȻˣǱ̳ɡ
ϫ˵⣬ĿͼɣѹԺͰҰɣʱҵˣѲٵġ
ͼ֪ԼˣǵﲻϳϫʲôæܻΪϫ׸
£ͰճϫԺͰٻȻԼԹԵض˳ϫС
ʦ棬û°ɣ
ӣ
ϫԼǰԺͰԶΪˡ
ϫ԰Ѹղŵһ飬ʹŹԺͰһת뿪Ƭ

֮󣬳ϫѺˡ
ȱٳΪ򣬲򸲸ǷΧ֮ľű֮࣡
Ǿף˸
α֮ϿգֳһŲȻհϽۻǣ궼ͷų϶ߵϢ
ǵ۾ı־³ϫһʵ־Ļǵ۾ڡ
ϸԣһǵ۾ˮ׼ֻϫһǵ۾Ȼ˿Աġ
ͬ۾ȴڣһԶӵԼĳƺš
۾ޱ۾ȴڣ䡱ޱһֳƺţһΪһ۾ķš
ϾﵽȾ磬ȥֱǵðˡ
ϫȻУԵ̫ۣ飬ʶҲԼһƺšġ
رģ
֮ǰڴϽƽʱϫԼеɽΪķ塣
˼Լĵ۾ƺʱҲ룬Ժо͸ֳ֡
ƽͨȴųϫһּᶨ̬ȡ
Ǿʲôʱʲô飬ҪѭԼĵģ
ʱϫԡһɶããǿС
Լĵ۾ƺŸʱȴȻ۾Ʋʲôͣ½Ų˼
ţϫ
ͬʱԶǿУȻ쳹һԴɵһ̾ʧ
ӣ
ϫǷһĨѰζĻȡ



1933 һ
ৣ
һ˲ϫһӣһʧԭء

ô
ѵǻͶطҪԸǳϫ
أ
ΪγʧȥϢ
¬оɲȫŲǿУκһ˿
صԭɲպɱ٣ΪǽͬʵʵĽˮƬС
ųϫǾŵ򾳱ԴЩҶɱȶþγȻѺѰٵڵĽ
һжζţһ򾳣ѱǻҶ
Ҳˣ¬ܹȫŲƣڳϫִƬʱУ¬ɸûʲô

ҵʱղ̶ĺ¬֮ŲʱյٶҲõһɱ䣬һܹԽǧǳǵٶ֮죬񾳴ܹᲢۡ
ɼˣ¬һ˿֮ȥĲ̤ʵоһ˿ɡ
ȷĳϫȻѽɣļһ¬ɾԲκСˡ
Ͼ۵ʱǻꡢطﶼǳϫ֡
֪սַ˺εȺ˵ı仯
¬ܹӵнɾͣȻ޶֮෴Ժ˶ҪһЩʲôȨơ
֮ǰһƬȫΪյԶطǻϢ
񣬵ִʱȴȻ֣ǵʧȥ˶طǻϢ˳ϫɱǣ
һж¬ᵽһΣյϢ
ǻͶطֻ⣡
ȻҲֻǻɣ˵ĻԼҲˣϾ̫š
ǣǻͶطǶ˾ȥ
¬еǲԽԽо̤ʵ
ţ
͵أ¬вһӰͫȻһʱӷ˼ѹ
ৣ
ʶأӰһıһӶݡ

һƬɫٲ㣬һƬҲ׷ס¬ǰ·
ɫһ䣬һҧٴθıһӶݷ򣬶е
ȻٴӶݣһεӰƾճǰѲǧɣ
ѣΪҪӣĪʲô²ɣ
һӰǳϫɫȻƽؿ¬壬ȴһĨɱ
ͼ˵ͼɽ֮ѰԼ·;ϣ¬ĽɱʱͼҲһͷˮ㲻¬Ϊλô
ʱѲͼɶ룬Ϊսûãطͻأɱһشͼɡ
ͼӵÿ죬ٶ
ʶڸղ¬ʱϫʱ˴ʱ䵱ԷδԼı棬ŤͷӶʱóϫȷһȻ顣
ԭǳϫѣһ˭ء
һ̣¬巴侲һظģЦ
ͼ˵Ǵ飬ƾ¬ڵı֣ϫỳʲôˡ
ڣ¬ȴóϫеЩЦһﻹ浱ԼʲôҲ֪
ŶղΪ˭
ϫȻʵ
¬ɫһͣһģؿڵʵղҲѵ㵱ܾŵеˡ
ˣ
ϫȤؿŶԷҲĻԡ
ԣ
¬ɫϾųϫ㻹ŵпܾŲٴϸԪӴ࣬һսǿޱȡ
һóϫЩ⣬ΪҲû뵽¬һȻҲ֪Ϣ
¬ƺԷ
ɾЩͬѰˡ
Ϊϫ֪֮Щ飬Ǳڡ׼̨еױ۾
ڳϫԼҲ֪ϸԪЩ˵ĴڣûԷ
ô˵ղŵǰҲЩˣ
ϫ䣬ܿεܣ¬Ҳֱë
ʵȷˡ
¬Ц̾ϢҲֵЦѽΪɵЩˣУ³ǻʹ
˶٣ɱģ֪㣬Ļûӵ
˵һĲ
óϫипһϷҲݵǣҲһϧ·
ϫȦӣֱӵͼʲôһԣ㻹һףֱӸǻꡢطĹϵһһĻᣬ㲻
¬ͫȻһأӲͷƤЦϫ˵ﻰҡôЩף
ϫٶԣֻǾŶԷ䣬ͨһŻõ¬ӲɫҲ֮ԽԽȻ
գɫȻһޱȵĵģԭʵǴζͼɵѶ֣Ҳǳһᡭ
ϫȻһĨɱ͸һ˵סĻᣬǧҪϧ
һ˲䣬¬ɫòĬãȻһߣųϫҵȷعͼɣϫξҺǻꡢطᣬǿɾԩˣ
ٲȻһ˵ģ
ϫ۾ӶԷҹϣѾһλˣϧȴϧ
ĪΪܹɱңЦˣ¬Ҳ²Ķ֣Ҫ߿練ƣ
¬ЦоǰȻ
ʱԲҸϫ˵ˣдҲԿ֮¬̬ѱúε֮ţֱˡ
Ȼˡ
ϫ𽥱䣬ɱһ

ڳϫҪʱԶǿкȻһӰҹ
Ӱ磬ϢˣȻҲѽ֮
ϫУȴ̾˿֪ΪԺˣҹºԼϵٺãֻҲԼɱ¬塣
ٶ¬УȴúΪϫͶ
¬ŵһڷŻضУͷȻλʦãϫӾҪɱңֱǶǵԺ˵Īƣ
ǵһң
ϫԭסɱзڱס
ʦ֣ĪҪˣ
ҹȳ⣬ʲôˣڳ˭ɱҺ;ʦ뿪ˣ
¬ɫһͣ߳ŭҹʦܣղŵһĻɶˣѵ㻹ųϫʦң֪ǱǵԺЩϹŶ֪Σ
ѳԶ£ϫԶ֣ҹ֮ͬϣҲԲԹˡ
ʶ˿ԴǺʦԾӣֹҹŰѳϫΪ˶ĵˡ
ҹԣɫһպ֮࣬ҲЩΣ¬Ʋǰ㣬ʱҲᶪ¬岻ˡ
ϾҶǵԺˣ



1934 
ҹìܡ
Ǻ˽¬һˣҲں֮ǰڰк̫Ͻ̡Ժϵ
ֻұϾͬţټ¬ϣ츳䲻ǣһֱһʦ֡
£ҹºܲ¬ҲԹۣɳϫ¬ˡ
¬ƣϫϣƷвһļһúͶԷ
ϫֻǿҹλϣҿԲȥƽɱͬͼɵ飬ֻһ䣬λ֪˼пѰͶ̫Ͻ̺Ժ
Цֻ۾ͶǵģϫĪҪѪˣɽҵԺҲǣ
¬ȣһƺΪҹĵʮ㣬ԴΪͲָųϫıƿڴˡ
ϫֱ¬壬Ŀɿҹֻȷһ𰸡

Щԥ
ҹˣȴ̾Ϣ˭᷸һЩͿ£ϫҸӣҪټƽϴˣԺٷ飬Ըһǡ
Դ֮УǼӳ˴¡
ҹɫҲЩҲסϾǵԺеĿ̬ȣ¬ȴǸɳ飬Ҳо޹⡣
ãˡ
ϫͷɫĮ
ҹʦܣʲô
¬ɫһû뵽һҹ
ʦ֣
ҹɫñ䣬һһٵ֮ͬϣѾȡһλᣬĪҪ˷ҵĸ飡
¬ʱɫһͣĿ˸ãճĬ
߰ɣҲٿ㡣
ϫĿȻ¬ϣԼ´αС
ߣ
¬Ц´ʱɲһ˭˭Ӯ
˵գҪתȥ
ɾڴʱһٵӼԶǿ𡪡ϫܷ
ʯ
һɲǣϫжϳˣסһС
ৣ
¬ȻҲݣɫ͵һ䣬ȣȻԶӶȥ
Ǹģӱʲô㡣
ȱߣ
ϫһɲѡʯӰһӣͳ¬ץȥ
ϫղſǴӦŹʦһģ
Ȼؼһ̣ҹǺȻ֣Ҫסϫж
䣡
ϫһһӣһӿƥϽɫ籡Ӳҹ뵹ɳȥ
֮һ֮䣬ҹλ½Ӳˣ
˶ʱȻ˼飬ֱһС
ô˼϶ǿѲ˳ϫӰ
ৣৣৣ
ͬʱԶǿУһӰȻŮ洹ĿȻʯޥˡ
֮
һɲǣҹֽͫסһȻʯޥ˽Զ̤
Ρʦվһ١
ҹһ̾
ǰΪһ򾳱Դ¬ȻɱŮ洹һˣɱȻǡ
ҲΪ£ҹŻ¬ֵ𣬶չж
һжΪ¬ȫΥ˵ԺּǺŮ洹˳ޣ
ǵԺ£ʼգԺϹŶ棬弫ĴС
ɺȻ¬Ѵߣ
ʱҹҪȥҲ֮ΪвֹпȻǣһϫ
£ȫ濪սܹӮˡ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻܼϣ¬ܹӳϫаȻ˻ܻһΣѡ
ģѲκ
ʵ˵ҹҲǽ֮ȴΪһ¬壬ȴǵĴΪΣõҲŭޱȣ֮
úһԺλѣȥԮϫ
Ȼһִ㣬ɨҹһۣȻԸʯޥ¡
ৣ
ȿȻչжкȻһӳֳϫӰ߸͹ԣȴû¬塣
ÿȻһ
ˣ
һʯȻʵ
ˣҹʯ䰵һȴоЩ޹⣬Ĵ׷ǵͬţоܹ鲻ܺˡ
ûС
ϣϫҡҡͷһͶһ񱦣ݸҹǸɱ
ʲô
˺ݺһ𣬽Զԡ
Źȥ೤ʱ䣬¬ѱϫˣ
Ҫ֪¬ѽΪ׾ͱɱˣ
ȻʯޥԶɫȻ𶯲ѣƺŵϢ
ҹɫǱø֮һǺϤ¬
һ㣬Ǿжϳϫδ˵ѣ¬µȷٶˡ
һ̣Ƕ֪òȥ޳ϫӵ˼¡
һɱ
ʯʵ

ϫͷԱɱǻͶطɱ¬ֱ練ơ
һڸսŵصĵһʱһΪڣԵò˼֮
ɳϫȴ¬򾳱ԴֻҲ̫ǿˣֵ˲

ҹȻ̾˿͸˵Щ飬ͻúӮص۾һ³ȴƫƫִԲҲԹ˭
ĬĬͷҲã뻹ԱһЩڡ
ɲãŮ洹һλͬ鱻ɱܹڳϫУѾˡ
Ȼ䵭˵ɴһ˿⡣
ֱŮ洹ŵصУʧһ룬ֻʣˣÿȻҲһŭ޴й
ҹûб粵ԩͷծٲҲʱͿȻǳ˺Ƥˡ
ԣ
ڴʱϫȻʶʲôüôǶһƬ򣿡
˻һõ˵עʱתƣ˴˻ţԶеЩɲ
ȷܲѰ
Գϫԣ췢һжһεζ
ͼɱ׷ɱǻꡢطȻ½
ֱ¬ˡҹˡŮ洹ĿȻҲ
һδҲ̫ˣ
̶һ֮ڣ弫Ĵ˶ͬһƬصУβ˾ɣ
ŵغ֮󣬺֮գΪǻ½
żȻһ¶ˣһ·׷ɱײϧȴʧһټ
Ȼü
ף
˻һҹ뾪
òᡭҲһɣ
ˣȻҲһɲĸоסʵ
ҹͷͬҲ׷ɱһ¶ʱ뵽
һ£ϫɫҲ࣬૵˵жƺѱ˿У
˻һ˽Զûɵһ˿⣬һڣǻȻ¬ȴˡ



1935 ͼı
ϫΣ
һ̣˽Զһεζ
ŵغ֮󣬿ƹ󣬿ЩɢڸصĴȴͬһ˵ɺϣɵӶˡ
һı
ϫһԵüΪ侲Ҳ²ⲻ֮ǰǰĺ¶ˣȻЩϸԪӴˣ
ϸԪˣ
һݣɫ졣
ϫǣǿȻǣҹˣԶƺ˵йЩ˵飬鲢Եö⡣
ԭˡ
һ̣Ȼ˼֮ǰһضĹϼ̨Ҳһ¶ˣ
Ҳˡ
ҹͷ
ǿ֪ԷΪҪյ
ϫסʵ
Զҡͷʾ֪ǳϫѣһ̻ڹ
һʱЩţ˿ڡ
ÿһԶ츳ǻ۳Ȼ֮ϫĵѣһ˲жϳп뵽һУ
ɶ־Ҫͼıʲôȴһ֪
ϫͬԴһ֪ױ۾йһ֮Եе֪һЩмֵϢ
ЩϸԪҪͼıʲôһЩԷУԻ
ǳɾһ㣬Щץ
ϵ򣬻ᱻǰȡ
ϵľ񣬻ᱻɣ
ǵǣҲᱻãΪ˲ħĹ޷ȥ
ûɵأϫԺٴλױ۾һ棬𽥱óء
Ϊ֮󣬾ͻᱻЩץ
仰ϫ֮ǰɴʱһڳˣϫȴԼЩˡ
ΪǿȻǣҹѽ֮
֮ǰһλ¶ˣͬһյ
ǷζţЩϸԪˣѾչжҪǽץ
ϫɫ粻ͼɡǻꡢط¬塢ӵ˵ִƬʱбȻҲЩϸԪƲ
ϫ㣬˴νŵеʮˣȥЩˣҴģ
һжһıЩϸԪΪҪǶյƬУ
ѵƬлʲôܣ
˵ЩôĿģ
ؼǣǾŵ򾳱Դ֮һƬصǳϫĵ̡
óϫһִΪǰһУƺԼ
Ȼֻǳϫĸоû취ȷǷģҲκ֤֤һ㡣
ҿ϶ӽ쿪ʼЩϹǰĴˣֻҪøΪˣ
ϫ㡭ǲµһЩʲô
ϫɫòٳٲڣʯסʳ
˻һ˵ĿҲ׷׿ϫ
ϫʱӷ˼ѹһҲԼ֪һкƶϳһЩ²һһ˵˳
ϫ£Ǳһļž˵ɫأ˼
ı
һı
ѲĴκһ˿ңʼ⡣
ô˵ֻнΪŶüֵˣ㱻ץ򡢱ɾ񡢱ռǡΪһ˲ħĹóȥ
ҹૣ˵ѴһĨζЩϸԪˣ湻ݵģ
Ҹоͼıֻ²˼ˡץǣǴɲذȫյ
ȻӨӨǻ۰Ĺ
˻һʱõ˵ͬҲо˴ЩͼıģȻͬѰˣ
ǾҪͼıʲô
û˲µõ
Ǽɵ;ĵĵط
ϸԪ֪٣Ϊ̫ԶС
Ƕ޷֪ЩϸԪӴˣжˣǵսжֲˡ
ץסǼһֻһжˣϧջǱӵˡ
ϫȻ̾˿Щڵʱûȫ׽¡
ڳϫһȻЩ˴йųЩеһԱ
Ϳأʲô񵺵Ĵˣһ²ҪһЩ
ӣòЩܾŵصˣϹеһϸɣ
пǵġ
ˣһıЩˣ˵󻹻ᲨϹУ
˷׷׿ڣǴ⣬޷ȷжϡ
ڴˣϫĬãĿһɨˣλ׿һв̸ǵ֮׼ԱӦԽпܷΣ
˶٣ʮ֮Լнʱ䣬֮һʱУǸûκηϹĿܣ
νʮ֮Լڽŵ֮ǰʮ֮󣬵弫ٴһ֣ͨһӻŵзϹͨ
Ҳֻӳʱ䣡
һʱ䣬ҪطϹǼûκϣ
ޣʱ䣬ԳϫǶԣͬҲζţһʱУҲûطϹ
£ҪǵģȻǸο꣬κ⡣
ϫ˵ô죿
ȻĿϫ
ҲĿȥǶĳϫ֮սǿһ
Ҳ֪ǻꡢطһҲϫС
֪ĳϫսǺε֮ˡ
ȻδĿһУǸղȴڶ̶Ƭʱ䣬¬㱻ϫһĨ
ʶǴʱѸỳɳϫǿ
еǣĳϫǿֵز
û
һвҪҪڵǰ£ϫֹսǿҶһЩ˵ıҪ˽ĸࡣ
£ȻҪسϫٲȻͬѿʼԳϫհ
ҹ˿ҲϣͳϫһжΪǰ£ЩϹ޵߱뱧һ𣬻ܻµΣ֣ٵһ
ϫȻҲ˶̬ȵı仯Ȼ֮࣬Ҳеһֳѹ
ֻһ顣
һϫ³һ仰ԲӦ䣡
˵ţӰһ㳯Զһǳȥλһ¼ǽж
һɸ˹ȥ

һǳ½ϣϫһӣһͼƾո֣齨һ󣬽˶С
Ȼ󣬳ϫͷųԼĽÿһռ䶼ǣһֻҪκη紵ݶͻᱻһʱ
һУ˺Ŀע£ϫóƶϵƤһͭԿס



1936 Ƥ
ƶϵƤŻɬز޷ݡ
ȻǶϵãЩƤǣŵеһпܴѰٵйռ;壡
ֻȻǣЩƤУԵ弫ģֶһ顣
һƤǴж
ϫڽһ䣬ͽһƤ򿪡
һƤҪȳϫƤҪ࣬״Ϊ֣Ǳƴġ
ͺ߰˿ԭͲƤƴճһĲƤ״Ϊء
ɵһĻʱϫʱһӻһƤʱԲģ
ҲѼ߰˿ƵƤȻһһƴһƴճǰģ
óϫ֮࣬ҲЩɣǴôƤ
쿴ϱдһЩʲô
һԳ
ޡ
ӳϫһĶһƤǰ
ͳϫ֮ǰõƤһһƤͬ׭ضŤ֣İڳ
֣Ҳֻаϵã̫ž߲ܲһġ
ȻǽԶ棬Ȼû뵽ϫ߻һ̫žĺᡣ
û뵽ǣ弫򲻳֣аСԣȴƺʲô⡣
ϫһ׼Ŀ湻ֵģ
вԼͬͬһп
գնޣУ֮ʼ
ѿʼƤϵģ࣬һӰ˵ע
գ
һ̣ʯޥһֺѰɴʱȴ·һħһɲǵ𶯣Ժӿֳһ˵΢о
Ϊ֣һ˰˵ģ
ȴȻδκδҲ֪һΪ֣õʯ𶯣ͷȡ
նޣ
ܿ죬ʱȻҹҲ׻㣬һֻɬ
ΨϫԶԴȴȻ
Եú죬ֻѰѰֽڣɴʱһصֱģڳͬĴ˲ͬķӦ
У֮ʼ
˸ʱϫͬһ𶯣ܵһİϢ
һɲǣϫʶ͵زһԭһֱŵĺͼƬڴ˿ѣ
⡰У֮ʼ̺Ϣ˺ͼƬڵĳ㣬һϰӦ
ַӦȴóϫһĪļ¶Уʶأ͵еƤȵĪҪˣ
һжȻҲûܵκ쳣ϫͻȻȴϣʱһ¶һĨɫǱŵˡ
һ̣ϫҲʱӦԼղžٶЩæ㣬Լԭ򡣡
ƷɣͷӸղŵģˡ
ղôˣ
ħһ㣡ù졣
ϫĴȣͬҲ˿Ȼǣһһ״̬ѹǵɫԶЩˣղԼӦЩΡ
ûʲôһƤУİʲôǽԶĶ
ϫһ
ȻҪ֪ѽʵǿ˲֪١
ڸղһɲǣȴΪȼֶַӦЩˡ
ȰЩƤƴһ˵
ϫɿ˵һ䣬ͽƤƤһһһƴ
ͺñƴͼϷ㣬ԳϫԣȻ練ơ
˵Ŀע£Ƭ̣ϫƴϣеģһƤ
֮״ԼĪȴСͨڹϣϱ龡Ťġ
˸ϲƤһϡ
ɵϫĵһۣʱһʶϤУͺһ
Ƥ״ƺ֮ǰһ̨ģһޣ
Ȼüһȳ
ֲҲеϤԭǺļ̨״ơ
ʯҹҲ׷׵ͷ
һ£ϫҲ׹ױ۾һ׼̨
һصļ̨״ǳֳ֮״
׼̨ĹƤѵ֮仹ĳֹɣ
ϫ졣
֪׼̨ȻЩϸԪͣݵ弫ЩԣһĹƤϱ׭̵֣̫žһġ
֮ĳֹǿɾ̫Ѱˣ
ϫһɲЩɣһƤǷʱµ

ˡ
ȳϫףеһƤȻһĲ
𾪿ƤԭŤ֣˿̾˹Ƥ䶯ٶޱȡ
ɲǣЩľϣܻΪһ۲һܸӵͼ
ٿκһģ
һĵͼ㣬۷ܵ·ָĳ
ǡͨһƬ
˾ɣȫû뵽һϵƤƴᷢ˷츲صı仯
˵ǣϫԼʼϲ
ڴлǵƤ֮ǰϫѾֵƤϲһЩ
һЩɬģֱǡ̫̳͡Ԫ϶ա޶ϡ
еġ񡢼͡ԪǡöӦͼƬֳһЩּ
ʱϫͻɣͼƬŵء֮ռ;塭⼸֮˵ĳֹ
ڳϫֻҪܹѰٵһƬ֮˵ܹһд𰸽ҿ
ȻʱһƤϷı仯ЩɬľʧʱЩֲĸо
ѵЩĲԼ֮ǰ²ǰ㣬ֻһΪܻһƵͼ׼
һʱ֮䣬ϫЩȻˡ
һԺȴǺԼҪһУֻ·ǵҵһƬ֮ˡ
ϫ㿴Ƥϵͼʲô
Ȼʵ
Ҳ²ⲻӦָһƬ֮·ͼ
ϫ˼ʵܺò£Ϊ֮ǰƶϣжϳ
˶ʱ۾һ֮пɼпܲйռ;壡
ʱմƤϵж
ϫȻĿɨˣܸоһ˰յͼııȻͬСɣʱȡжֻһжᱻǿС
˶٣ɫȻأþںȻЩɣ֮ǰӡƺǹһƤ


1937 ٴԨ

ӹһˣһֺ롢տĹϵУŲ̤ڼӲڵĵ棬ͳĻڴƮš
һϮѪ£磬һǣ֮ǰ˿̵һֲɣϢµϴ
ܹϣҹΨֻмһѪ̺Ļ档
޵һֻѪݷڰžĵС
ճУһļµϢ
ԽǰУɫƽҲݣƺԴ˵غϤȻһ˿
ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻһĮϡɳƶͳ𣬻صڴУڤڤԶ
ٿȻ㣬ĬƬ̣һˡ

£ƬտڵĴ࣬ȻһӲӵ棬һԾĻѣڰɢ
һ˲䣬ͨȾһʥĽɫһоҲޱȡ
ȷܿտҲܻԻͣһɫשʯ͵ֱͨչ룬ͷ
ֱͨ࣬һϵʯÿһʯһͷն
ͨУʯȣȣһֻϰС
ϸȥһʯϣֱ׭һѪɫͼ
˱ۣʯ˫£̤ǶХħ
ɣҹžŸͷ­Ĺ񣬿ʬ衣
ɽӣ֮ϣΰӰüĸ⣬Ǭ
г˲ۣ֮֮ҡڤĴԼŮӣ˿٣Ʈɵ⣬λá
һѪɫͼӯŹϲãζϹȫһȫһӦ֮
ͼеһӰҲɫʣݺһİĹϴڡ
ЩѪɫͼӡʯϣϵͼڣӳֳǧΪƽһεʥϢ
ͨϣǰУĿ⴩գңң˴ͷ
ͷһ̺Ѫɫ棬·һŰ׹ΣϣһѪɫӰŤڱã˸ģ
ش
ɫ档
ͼʯ
׹
ѪɫӰ
һһʥдһɹضļµɫʡ
ԶԶһڰ׹ϵӰ俴ݣȴ翴һλףϣ
ˣ
һɳƵٴ𣬴Ӵͷİ׹ϴ
ʣµʥ֮ƤԪӦߵУ⣬Ӧѱ¡ʥ֮
ӵͷԶ룬һ׹ϵѪɫӰԻ
ûǰУ·Ϊɵһٿǰͻɱ֮㡣

һѪɫӰ֮̾Ρʥ֮ƤеİأҲֻܹصˡ
ɫҲǼԪӦ߸һ̫žĺᣬֻ޷еġʥ֮ġ
ǫѷ£ҴӲᵣʲô
ѪɫӰõͳпΨû뵽ʱǧ£㻹ǵôϹзأЩҵԤϡ
ԣӻȻ̧ͷԭĮƽϷһĨЦΪū򲻴棬ִڣĸҲ
У͸һޱȵԹտĴвϻصš
ģ³ɣҲֹỹɣ⡮ʥλý
һѪɫӰŭ
Ŷ
ȻһУ˵ģʱ첻ɱȥҡʥ顯ӦƾӵеֶΣֻҪʥԸ⣬ҿ԰Ϊµʥ
ʥ顭㾹ҵʥ䣿
һѪɫӰЩЩ𾪡
δʶɼĴ¯УԸ㣬ѳϹУ
ΪҪ֤һЩʲôᶨϡ
Ǻǡ
һѪɫӰȴȻЦδʶ޷ѣʱһҪɱĿ¾ˡҲ²ⲻδ¯ԣҲֻܻҺ
ɫһĬ
ˣ̸Щǵļƻֻһ˳УҵŵҲģʥ֮λԽ㣬Ҳ̤ռ֮
һѪɫӰׯ࣬͸һɲɵζ
ã
Ĭãյͷ³һ֡
һѪɫӰˣЦ𵴴
ЦȻֹ
ԣ
ѪɫӰƲʲôѴһĨŭ⣬ʥ֮ʧˣҮ㾹ƭ
䣡
һƬɲˮɱһѪɫӰɢѹȵѡ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ⲻܣЩڣ޷סʥ֮
ʥ֮Ϣȷʧˣ
ѪɫӰһһ٣ɱʵʰ㣬ɲ
㲻ң
еһޱȵѹ
š
һѪɫӰĬƬ̣糱ɱȻʧһɶ
ӰһɫȴЩѿʥ֮Ƥϵʥ֮µģʧȴͷϣ㲻Ϊ޳ܣ
ˣѾˣͲˡ
һѪɫӰĮȻʥ֮ʧǱȻѻͨٴԨͼоźã
Ȼֻиıƻˣ
˵ţתȥ
Ҫ
ѪɫӰ׷ʡ
һЩһȺڡٴԨߡ
ã
ĪΪǿǰ㣬ٴԨУ
Ҳãֻǡ
ûֻǣˣֻǲܿٴԨеҲֻǵǣܴƿŵصıϣһ֮裡
ãһаԵȥҮò㣬һλѾȴ̫ˣͷκβأʧˡ
ʧˣҵȥ
̸ϻصؿտĴУӵӰʧڴ⡣
ܿ죬ٴλָš
һѪɫӰһ˶ڰ׹ϣĬ
Үοǧñʧ
֮һ͸һȻζ

ϫһĹƤӿеġʥ֮Ƥ
ҲڰգնޣУ֮ʼһʱܵ췴ӦһΪʥ֮ط
ͬҲϰһ֮Ѱ˻һ١
һƤͼָġٴԨ͸֪ˡ
ʱѽһϵƤ²֪ٴԨ֣Ҳ㰴Ƥϵͼȥж
Ϊ֮ǰ¼ɵһƤӹߵģ
˿̣ϫĿеһͭԿס


1938 
һöͭԿ׹ӱ䣬ϱܲǵױ۾ȥʱ
ױ۾ԣöͭԿڻŵдʱżȻãҲ֪вʲôܡ
ϫʱҲϸ̽ȴͬһ񣬵ֱӦúǲ
ô䵱ʶЩ˵ı֮󣬳ϫȴСĽ
ŶһöͭԿ׶һ˿ǡ
һƤӹԼߣôһöͭԿҲǷ
Ͼױ۾ڻһöͭԿ֮󣬲ͻȻץǡ׼̨С
ϸϸãҲòɣױ۾٣ǷͺһöͭԿйأ
ţҲԿף
ȻȻųϫеĻͭԿףԾ
Ź֣
ͬʱһҹһ
ôҲһԿף
ϫɫϾ
Ȼҹ˴һۣһǸóһһģһĻͭԿ
ʱ֮䣬ϫһɲõԤС
Ҳһö
һ̣ҲóһöͭԿס
һӣ˽ԶĬͳϫһʶء
Բɺϡ
ϫһɣ֮ԻЩǰĺ¶ˣֻ¾ΪԿף
ɫ両һĨҲµһ㡣
ɺޣû뵽֮ǰͱˣ
ʯҧһѶȻеԿףҪٵ

ϫæֹס
һӣ˶Ŀ⿴˳ϫ
ǷƲǰ㣬ǡԳô˻̽һ£ԻһЩмֵϢ
ϫǷһĨѰζĻȣǵĻͭԿ׶Ұɡ

ʱ
ಣ
ƬããǿУȻһղһɫӰ߳
һϮۣͷӰһƬŨŨУԵħ㣬Ϣˡ

˸һ֣ͷųԼ糱ˮɢȥһ˲͸Ƭǿգ
ţ
Ʋʲôһס
ৣ
һ̣Ƭǿеһǳϣ̽һץ㽫һɽ촷ۡ
ɽײȻһͭɫԿף
ǲˣ
ƺΪŭһͳǽһž޴ޱȵǳ飬ΪĩƮ
ಣ
˲ٳɣӰ˸Զȥ
£ʥˣ
˺һжǣ̫Ϊ׼̫ãҲȴ̫ãһ©ֱ롣
䣡
Ȼں˸շжƬ̣һƬɫ֯ɵĹĻǰ
ã
ϵˣ
һ𣬻ּһƬ棬ǵأʱնٻƿɲ
¡
һƬɫĹĻȼҪƿ
ɻȺһٴη
ৣ
һѩƿնʥŹ
ˡ
һֽյգվʮأѹ

һƬҹ֮Ļӣڰ䣬͸գҪҹС
һɲǣڿգϵͷţ˷ɱ
Ƭǿն𶯣Ǳ飬γңɲʢԽﳹû
λ֣֮ɵĻ֪кεȿɲ
λȻǳϫǡ
֮ǰճϫķԸǽЩͭԿײȻ˰Уһֱڵȴš
ȻһУԶ֤ʵͭԿ׹ȻЩʹõıӼ
Ҳܺõ֤ˣΪǿȻǣҹˣͬһЩˣӶյһƬС
һжЩͭԿף
ϫȷ֮ǰܹҵԼȻҲΪԼһöͭԿס
һɻӭж⡣
͵ʱˣ
ֻҪץסͻأֵĺˣԿԻøмֵϢ

һɲǼ䣬ݾУǺ˽סأ͸ŷŭͲʡ
¡
һ˲˾ȼһƬصĺɫء
Ҫץ룡ò˶ãЩһĴעҪģ
ԹУǺǺȻ飬Ϊޱȵϯ˷
㣡
ϫ˶ʱ˸⧲׷ܲѡ
Ļ뵽һս˾˸ҺͲκλᣬ͵Ա
һָƽѰٲǺµһ˿ۼ
ಡ
ϫһ˵Ӱÿ˵ɫЩÿ
˵ʶǻͭԿصƣһ͵ڶϵѻκһ˿õϢ
û뵽Щ˿湻ݵģ
ʯҧ
һһֻ»˵עˣǽжȻһЩӰ졣
Ȼ
ʱѾʺ뾡תơ
ҹҲü
뿪뿪ܹ֮ȥнʱ䣬ǲлطϹһʱУЩ˱Ȼ᲻ϧһдץǣʱȥֻ¶Σ֮
ʯɫ
ǵηԷֱ֪־жˣսжһжδ֪ǵĴǱñ֮
Σ뿪˵
ϫһɫ侲֮֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ԲӦ䣬ֻҪСжʱ䣬һΣ㽫ӭж⡣
ĬȻҲͬ˳ϫĹ۵㡣
ϫǽƿһжÿ˶ǲˣҲġ
Ȼһ˵
ϫƿһУǾԷġ
Ҳ͡
ϫĬƬ̣Ҳұ֤Ƿɱ֮һ߾ܴطϹ򡣡
ƽʲôϼȴнԶ̤ʵ
ʶĳϫӲʲôȴжǻȥŬһС
ˣɿġ
ߣ뿪
ϫĿһɨܣѡһ򣬴Ųʱնȥ
ѡȫǺһƤϵ·ۣȻϫɶһƤָһĴ澯衣
£ȥðˡ

ŵһ֮
¡¡
罬
ԶԶȥǡһƬڻ𺣴Ӿ֮ϴ䣬գӿһƬԨС
һƬԨɲ⣬һѿ϶ͨĴš
ٲк£ȴһ˲ʧһԨУûһ˿˻
֮ʼֻ֮ĩ
һ̣ʧڻŵضķʥϣһƬԨԶ䣬üһĨ˵ζ
ӰȻԣϢӨ󣬱ׯϣ֮񾲡
ĩٴԨֻҵȻӦˣϸԪҵ٣վǲɱس˽
һ̾üѴһĨ֮ȥɫ


1939 Ļ
һڡٴԨܴ޷Ĵ
ڷʥǵʱ򣬻ȻһڴԨ棬ʱҲŲӰ
ЩӰԼĪʮΪ׵ĺȻѪۣϢŲɣϢӡ
ЩӰԶۣңһϢţûеĹǡ
ʱڴԨ֮ϣԣһͷŴԨ˼
¡¡
Ĳ֮ϣͬк£Ӿ콵Ļٲȼգӿƺ嫡
ϸȥкµĻУȻһſž޴ǳУ׹ԨС
㳡ǡǡ죬ǳ׹Ԩ
һſǳ׹Уգ۱ûʧ֪⡰ٴԨ֮
󣬹ʶ
ΣֻҪܹɹϹĩʱҪˡ
Ĭãӽס૳ǽٴԨĿвƵشһĨȡ
ӱȻתĿɨЩˣΪ˴˴λᣬѾȴ̫ã٣ӦӦô
ͳ䣬͸һ
˽̻壡
ЩȻӦ
жǳֲҲܺεȺҲٶ˵ʲô
תǽٴԨȻһüΪλûϢ
Щ˽ԶĬͬɻѡ
ء
ڴʱһɫٿȻӼԶӿټ
һɲɫǰصһըһƺɫܻΪһĻ
ĻϣʱȻӳ֮ǰϫһΧһ˵ĳ
ء
գĻӳֳԱĳ֮󣬱Ȼѣ١
ĿһУɫһϢޱȡ
Щһ궯ָֻ֮һĬģ
ճţѹֵ˼Ϣ
ãӲųһ૵Ѳǵж
һɲӡڡʥ֮Ƥϱƻġʥ֮Ҳ˳ϫ
ֱӣǱƻġʥ֮ǰһĻֻ¶ͳϫйˡ
ϫϫСֶΣ
зһĨ壬ΪͿӵóģ룡

ת䣬䳹ǣɨЩˡ
Ӵ˿𣬷ֲڻŵеʼǵļƻ
Ҫ޿ӣֻǵļУ
ȥ

һ죬ŵÿУȻӿֳһصĺɫ⣬ҹĻ㣬ǶڱΡ
ŵأһֺڰС
ͬʱƬؼʼңһжһ򶯵ĳС
γ
ʱת

޷ٱϡ
һжʼңһֱУ

ҹĻڿգڰ١
ʥ͵̧ͷǶʧںڰУԭ񾲼Ǳ֮
վǲɱҪʼˡ
һ̣ĳϣһɾȻϢ
һ̣ӰһһԾһɲġٴԨУ


ϫһŲʱգܿ뿪һƬ򣬳ڻŵ½ϡ
һŵǲɱķ
ɳϫһ񶼺ͬѽ֮ʵ޲˷츲صı仯
ʵɱ䣬ĺôڻʱҪɲ١
ⲢζǱ԰ˡ
ŵ̫಻Ԥϵɱ٣Щ֮ڣҲԽ׳һ
һ·ϣϫһ߹۲;һ˷ɶݣһŲ֮ϵ
һУΨֻйһ˻δ֮óϫʦģԲӲˡ
ǵĴҪΪգϫΪ£޷ԻһƬ򾳱Դˡ
ϾطϹʱ䣬н꣬㹻ܶˡ
ţ
ܿ죬ϫȻһУͣ·ɶݵӰ
ôˣ
˼ˣԶһݡ
Ǳߡ
ϫĿңңżԶ񷣬ûз֣ӸղſʼŵеϢƺʼ仯ˡ
˴ʱҲǼԶϣһĨɫ󣬲ӣī֭㣬ܿڱһƬǿգֺɫһֲ˼ٶɢ
ҹĻٰ㣬ѰһĻɸŵУȴ̫͹ء
ٽϳϫĻ˶ʱȷŵеϢڷ䣡
ҡ


ﶼһҸӵı仯УָоͺתƵƵã˶Էֱ
Ƭʱ䣬֮ϣǺڰһƬеǳһƬĻǡ
ɫԶأᵽһΣյϢ
䣡
ϫָһͨ콣ֱϣͼƿһڱǿյĺĻ
˺˵һĻˣǽ֮ڽһƬĻ֮󣬾ţ뺣㣬ʧӰ٣ûκһ˿
һϫսǿ󣬾ȡκһ˿ЧǺĻָǺεȿֲ
޷뵽Уֻŵжˡ
ϫüԼµʲô
òЩϸԪ˸Ķɣ
ҹ
Ȼˡ
ϫͷŵеһжڷ仯Ҷ򣬱̫֮࣬Ҳ²ⲻЩֻѲһЩʲôѿʼǿʼжˡ
˻һнԶһ
λڿʼǱҪս׼ˣ
ϫһӿһĨɱơ
ϣ
˵ʱ˽
ڶԸǻꡢطʱϫҲδ񱦣˿̻δսѽɼԽҪ飬ҲǾ֮κһ˿Ĵ⡣
˼ˣҲҵתΪ񱦣ȫ䱸
䣡䣡䣡䣡
Ǹ׼׵͵ɽ飬ʱպ
ǧڴӼԶطڶư磬أɫ䡣
ǣ
ȻԾԶ
ֻǼԶߣȻһƬӰ糱ˮ㣬߿Ӷ
ЩӰУɣħгǧ򣬳ȺɲѪ䣻а׹ɭȻõʬѪģصĿɲ顭
̫ˣ
ֱһ֧ɻŵеɵĺƵǵشԶ
ɱһ𣬼ֱʵʰ㣬¡¡ʱգŰ˷ƣޱȡ
ãЩһƺǱģ
ʯɿ
ߣ
ϫһ˲жϳǰıɶݷˣΪԶǰʵ̫࣬Ƴˮ޾ԶԶһסͷƤ顣
Ȼ
ǸתļԶȻ쳹һ쳹ļ
ণ
һͷʮɷΧͨڣžŸͷ­ľ޴ݣԶֳ



1940 ƾ
ݾͷƣ
ϹκһݶͬİϣŶе档
󣬻һƬǧĿӴĺӰǺȻһֻֻι״飡
һӣǰϣԶӿǵصڣգ֮
䣡䣡䣡
ɽҡضѣŸ˻Լձ飬ǵ龰ֱĩٰ㡣
ϫɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ΣٵĻ֮죬һ֮Һ;һ˲䣬·̫սһ㣬ȥǵӰ
𣡡
أԶǰߵһɸߵħ쳤Хһ͵̽بɽĸ첲һ
䣡
ֹϾ޴ѪɫԣһѪս٣Ҫѳϫһɱ
ʱղظ׷ױ
һ֮Ȼǵ۾ε
ৣ
һִͨϽɫһɨ۵һѪ豬ֻ־׾ٱնϣ
һȻԳϫֱʡ
ߣѾû·ˣֻɱһѪ·
һ֣ϫȴһ㶼˲෴˿ɫأü֮価Ȼɱ
ЩսܿɲЩġޡʵ֮ǿȻκε۾
֮⣬л౻ޡٿص޵ʬ
Щʬˣǰ޲ݺһĴЩץ֮򱻰ᣬҲЩɣҲòݣĿ
ЩʬǱЩ޲ţȴΪ˳ɲĵˣ
ϫµĴѾΣ֮޷ͻΧǼпܻ١
ʶһ̣ϫһ˿ˡ
ɱ
δ£ϫת򣬻Ͻԣ۷Σۻʰ㣬ɱ
ͷȳǰ˴ȥҪɱһѪ·ͻΧ

ӿգУ籡һǧɳĳʢɨȥ
һ˲䣬ɱϰ
糱ˮҲӲ˺ѿһӡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱȻʯޥҹҲһȻϫ
ڿա
ͷš
ҫ۶Ѥɢϯ
һʱ֮䣬սױ춯أǬɫ䣬ƬΪһƬɱ¾أ̫ʱս
ս棬ȷǿź
ϫλȳ棬ϹѾܾúܾûгֹˡ
ǵĶ֣Ƶƥ飬㣬Ƭÿ䡣
Ⱥ˵սϹжһԤĻƽˣ
ɱ
Ѫˮ
ɱ
˻졣
ɱ
ͬ

һ̵ĳϫǣսȼһݵķ磬Ю޿ƥеķâӲɱС
֮֫ɣѪˮ裬һѪȻ档
Ƭң١񹲷ߡѪ𵴡ָľ
ⲻսս
Ѫȶпᣡ
˾ĵǣ³ϫǰݿɱ֣ɴɲֹۡ
ԭڣЩʵ̫ˣ
飬˷ӿɱһӿһ޾ԶҲɱһ㡣
ǵսͬˣûһڵ۾ڵģ
Ǹڳϫǻδ֮ǰֻͱǵص޴û޷ֵڡ
ɳϫû·
ǱսףֻɱһѪ·ٵһ
Ψһҵǣһֱǰţƽûбԭء
ɱ
ϫ磬ӿ˵âн֮ոһһꡣ
ѱ˵ѪˮȾķҲ˵Ѫգһ֪ƣ̫ս񣬵ͷǰ塣
䣡
գϽâڵȺкݺһѪ·
˴˿Ҳͳϫ࣬ɫɱȫͶ뵽սУԺֻһͷɱΧ
ڵĿɲ֮ˣ˵һȵ۾ڣҲѵֵסǵĹ
ΪҪǣվĵ۾ڣҪôЩġޡҪôǱݵ޵ʬսǿս顢սֶΡս־ȵȷ棬ȴûĵ۾ȡ
£Żᱻϫɱöס

һȥˡ
սڳҲ
ʱȥˡ
ϫڵ˴ƽûͻΧ
һʱȥˡ
ǵ˴ĿӴɱ֮ӿ֣
ָоͺϢŵе鶼ȫӿ
ϫͬһ㣬ɫϾɱκһ˿ͣ١
ȴıսԡ
˵ֲпյĴǲòȥıսԡ
̫ˣɱ֮˳ȥǿɱĶֻ֣Ҳᱻ
ʶڳϫƿ£˷顣
Ȼʯޥһ顣
ҹһ顣
ʱΪޣսһսʱһʼָѭȥԱ֤־öʱս
ȻһǰٶȱȻԻ٣Ϊ˰ȫҲֻˡ
ϫûз飬һֱ䵱ͷĽɫɱǰһ·ǰС
һȻΪˣĵΪǿҲвԴԴϵز
ټ൱ű֮õսмֵøá
ԭ˻ΪϫǣΪ̫ϧԼʱƣǽ֣ϫʼյս״̬ǻȻûһ˿˥
ǳԾ֮࣬Ҳ
ΪϫֳƥõԭĽǺͳҲɢ١
졣
졣
ʮ졣

¹ȥϫһս
ͳƣһʱǾɱ˶ٵĵˡ
ʱδܿһ˿ͻΧļ
־֮£Ķҡɡ
ϫûС
սɱľɱͷޣҲȥ˼
ΪҪǱս
ˡ
ˡ
𶯣羪ףɢ
ЩҲһֱڰæĺͷЩ޵˵Գϫǵս˼ĸá
ɰϾΪսô죬Ҫ;ƿݣսʼó
úϢĽˣָսҲ١
ϫ״̬ҵϢ
Ȼ󣬳ϫһĿзǵƣ֮ɫӿһĨ˵Ĺ
ϣ
ƿգϸȥͿԷ֣ս֮󣬳ϫеĽͬûһ˿֮𽥱ǿʢ
Ҫͻˣ
Ͳһߣ
ϫӿһǿҵĸоͺץסһֻʱ죬ΪͻƵһȫµĵز
زǽ죡



1941 Ԩ
ɱ
ӰϽɱʮһͷһͷ˵˫
սʱϫѲ߲սʱ䣬ڵ˴ɱһ׹ǵѪ·
еӵв֧ţ̫ĵȴѾҪٿݽߡ
֮ϵ޵߳־սǿ
Գϫǡԭʼľ͵ĵΪЩԲ֪ʮսУǺε֮ҡ
ּƳȥ⣬ò˶ãϫٳսȥ
ʱϫδЩ
յɱõĽΪڳһɽúץס˴λˣ
ʵӽŵؿʼս࣬ĽΪѱýԲҪ
µĳսѪϴõĽΪڴﵽؾ۷Բزץסһ˿
£ϫԲ˷ѵޱȵĻᡣ
ǺΪزҪһ¥жôļɬͲס
ֱȵ컹ѣ
Ͼؾѵռ;ϴﵽ˳žΣҪߴߣҪ̫ࡣ
ŵ˵Ϲ򣬼ڵ۾УҲаѽزߡ
ϫ۵չ¶ؾսʱڳһڴԭڣ˵ǽؾǽؾȲΣܹﵽ
д˱֪Ҫ뽣ؾȾ磬Ǻε֮ɬѡ
ҪڽгȻޱȵԣҪһ
ζſ
񣬳ϫֹսвɱΪҲõϴղץסһ
ڣǳϫץסʼͻƵʱˣ

ˡ
һĽϣսĿȻһ˺ȻһзһĨľ¡
΢䣬̧ͷȥͿһϽɫâա
һɲǣ۾һʹë׶סһĨǿҡ
˭ҲûвͬһɲǣƬͣͣţΨֻһĨĽ쳹
Щɱڳϫǰ˿̸Ǳĵܰ㣬Ÿֵĳɱһ˵Ĺ졣
Ȼ󡪡
꣡
ϫһͷӴȻըƬ
һźţܰһҲһ˲Ȼը飡
ԶԶȥͺһƬ籩ϯһݿ塢˺飬ɷĩġ
ꡭ
ܿ죬ֻһֱһֲ˼ٶȥ
;ݲ
ӲѹһɳĿհ׵ش
˻
Ŀ⾪׵һĻȻѽ֮Ҳ뵹һ¶ɫ
̫ɲˣ
һ֮ǿֱ޷
ⳬвһɾޱȵĳ
⣬ǽؾ
һ̣ϫĽΪ˳һնɿհ׵شһƬΧЩ˿̽ԶΪĩ٣
һ̣ϫΪһǵ۾Σȴ̥ǰ㣬սٴɱ䣬ﵽһֺ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ǽ֮һɱ֮
ɱ
һϫûκγɣô˻ɱȥ磬ףɵɱ֮ǿ̫ࡣ
Ȼ˶ʱѹûгɣæ׷ϫ󣬼ս
ʱξޣҲиˣϾսУκʧ
ǴʱϫĽΪٴͻˣﵽһȴĸ߶ȡ
ʶʵ̫ˡ
ԭ֮ǾѾֺͳϫĲٴ󣬴˿̳ϫٴɱ䣬Ļ˼ȥͳϫԱȡ
һǸҲûȣ


ݺᣬͷųһϽɫʢͻͣӳĵóϫ嫣֮˭ˡ
һͷͷ̵£Ϊꡣ
УϫӦȫµĽ
֪һؾųƽۻʣ򽣡
ʶؾѴﵽ豹棬컯Ȼ̴ԵĲΣִ˾뵽ռ;żС
ؾռ;гžˡǵǽһ롱ĵز
ִܹһѿԳƵǹѵһľ̳˸Ž
⽣ؾڽؾĻϸһ¥ʼռ;ĵУң
֮ʶؾռ;ż
ؾżгء
ؾżż󷽵УҲνĵң
ȣؾҪɲɵĻҲǿ
ӵ㽣磬ѾԿǾˣ

¡¡
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һº
ȻҲڶеһԵƣ߲ݣϵɱһ£оǴǰɴû
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˶ʱһ񣬷ȥȻܹڼԶĵطһһٲɽӶ֮
ϸȥܹһſž޴ǳУ׷׹䣬׳Ķǡ
ǣ
ȻȻ
죬ǳ׹ԨȻԵ̫Ѱˡ
ȱô࣬ͻΧ˵
ʯɿʵܹЩɱ֮
λĪҪɣȵһ̽ȷǷȫ
ϫһ䣬ʹһ˷ɱȥ
ʵϫǽԶһսʼǱɼ뵽һС
ڱǿյĺĻԴԴɱ֮ԶһԤıѾõж
ؼǣϫǻȻһսУǴĸɱնᱻһƬ֮ˣ
һյʱ
ϫһɱΧһƬȻͿһھ޴ޱȣԨ
𺣴ǳڴ׹䣬ϤһڴԨûûһ˿˻
ϫǲδʹ˷ɣʼ̽Ѱܡ
ǳԾǣǺ޴ȴƼΪ´˵أ׷ɱǱ㲻ǰһ󲻸ʵ˻
ˣ˽Զһ㲻ֻҪܰЩΧѾǸеһѵõɡ

ȻɨܣԶһĴԨУɫдһĨء
ܵһݵΣϢϸȥ̽ȴ̽ȻԵúĪ
һ̣ϫͬƲʲôԭɫϣһĨɡ
ৣ
һ̣һóһĹƤ
óϫȻǣ֪ʱһƤӡķ·ͼٴη˱仯ΪһڴԨ״
һУʼնһ֪



1942 ڱ춯
ΪϫüǣǹƤǷͼ仯ֳһڴԨ״ȻָľǰһڴԨ
һɲǣϫʱףԼСģɲɱӵƣ
ùŹ֣ԨףûһУɱϹеľŻ֮ԨҪˡ
⡭
ҹʱҲע⵽ԶһڴԨ쳣֮ɫжһĨɡ
Ǵвռ;֮
ϫһڴ
ʲô
𾪣š
䣡
ϫиֳһ棬һƤȼ֮䣬ͻΪҽʧ
ˣ˶ʱףϫԿ±ģ
ֻǣأ벻׵ǣһ·ɱԵ޹ʵؾ
ϫ֮ǰ·ʱߵȫ۵ķ
ô
ԼһɲõԤС
мˣҲ²ⲻһѡĸֻ¶ִ
ϫһѻָ侲ĿâӿΪŵеһУѱһصı䣬Ҷκηʧȥԭ塣
ô˵Щ˹յģ
ʯɫЩѿ
Ӧñˡ
ϫⲽһڴԨǰŴĻٲԼһſ׹ԨеǳĬ
Ƭ̺ȻЦҲãǿԳô˻ᣬȥ̽һ̽ǷĴռ;ˡ
˽ԶһЩϫ˼
ϫȴʲôָŽһڴԨҪ̽Ѱһйռ;ϻԵµýһˣλǿԸһǰһ̽
Ȼˣȥһɾ̫ϧˡ
ûгɣ΢Ц
㡭ѵͲЩ˹µһı
Ȼ̲סʵ
֮ԳɣҲΪһ㣬ϾЩ˱ȻԵ޹ʵذյ
Ҫ֣ɲطۡ
ϫڵȴûоʲô
ȻϫˣҲ֮һҲ޷
һȻͷӦ
أ
ϫĿҹ
̶ѨȥһⱲֻ¶ˡ
ҹЦ
Ҳôġ
Ҳͷ
ȻˣǱһָˣ̳
ϫЦ˵
˷׷׵ͷһǳսľƣѿҪԲʱȻðȻжˡ
£˷׷ϥʼĵϢ
֮ǰѲ̽⸽ʮ֮زκΣա
ϫϥڴԨԣһ߻ָһĬĬ˼ţɫ
ʱѾԶ϶Щ˲ֹǰЩ˵ǰ򵥣пܻҪͼıһЩʲô
ЩͼıģͲһشԨУ
ѵҲͼȾָпܴڵйռ;أ
˵ı
ϫЩ޷жϣȴԿ϶ֻƾЩ˵޷ѰٵһڴԨпܴڵĻԵЩϹ޵ߵ
ҲЩΪλ۰Щյ˵ԭڡ
һϫûи˵ǾѴжϣЩֻ¾ͲŴԨܣ
ھϫƵҲǲ̽
ԽҲԽóϫ裬˻ͲڰУƫƫȴ޷̽ҲɲóϫСġ
ڣϫǲĻЩ˵ϮϾ²ⲻЩ˿ڻָҲƲˡ
һжԳϫ֮ǰǸжϣЩ˻Ҫͼıһ׼Ѿõļƻ
ţ
ȻϫһʶеĺͼƬԼصаʺڤ¼һɲǽԶһ˿춯
ͺӦĳϢҪӳѹһ㡣
һӣϫкݺһ
ͼƬʱʱӳѣֲ֣ǳŲ֪ʱаʺڤ¼Ҳ춯ͲòóϫеͳԾˡ
⾿ô£
ѵǰһشԨͺͼƬаʡڤ¼֮䶼ĳϵɣ
ϫСĸ֪ͼһȷһһоʲôġ
ʧǣһɲǣţһ˿졣
ǳϫղвΪԼˡ
ͼаʡڤ¼ǰڴԨǱ弫ϵ֮ǣһйռ;ܡһм̫ͬѰˡ
ϫзɿݣԽԽоһεжͬСɣҲԽоЩϸԪӴˣͼı
óϫ˾ϣһǷһıҪȥشԨ±һ̽


ϫȻָ˵״̬´ﵽ۷С
ȻҲ½ӴѣһУԲϢ֮һǰǿ١
Ȼһ²ϵս֮õÿȻǵʵҲõһԵĴǳ
λ׼׵㿪ʼжɡ
ϫ䣬ᶨ
װԴȻ
ৡ
ûٵʱ䣬ڳϫ£һӰŲƣƿճһشԨгȥ
ܿ죬㶼ټ
ԭڣһԨ˼ĴףϫǽУͺһȺݴ׺УԵС̶֮Ƭ̾ͱûټ
һлָƽ
һڴԨΧЩ糱ˮ֪ʱȥʧããؼ䡣
ˣǺǣжѳɹһ룬ͿҪʱˡ
һЦһ󲨶һϮѪ۵Ӵһк۶˴߳
˫ָԨ֮ϣһת˵Ĺع
ðβ˵ٴԨȷ򵥣һĩ֮ţ͵סµƽ⣬޷һΣ¾ҪΪǳˣ
˵ѴһĨȺ˷ܣһ˿
ĩ
ֻأ
ҵ٣
ֻҪţ㽫ػԪвһµɱ䣡
ƻĵµĿͽҪʵְ㣬õӶһĨĹ
ֱκԻָƽ
ˣǷѿжˣ
һ˳һ˿鲨

ӶȻֵٵȵȣĩ֮ŵϢδɢʱжǻشݾߵġ
˵⣬ס̾ϢһЩᣬͶһݰգǧ򼱲á
Щ˳Ĭ
ˣЩ꣬Ǹϣ
Ȼӳʵ
Щ˷׷ҡͷ
üͷһ壬૵Ϲŷڵͳͨţ֪飬񾿾صȥˣ
Ӿҡҡͷٶ۵ȿʼͺԼһֱԵļһ
Ŀ⿴һصĴԨȴһʱȻüëһбһĨ˵â촽³һ仰
жʱˣ



1943 ׹纣
Ԩɲ⣬
ϫһ˷ɶУ;ǺڰκζյһƬ
Ҳܼžһİ硣
ֻһص㡪ա
ûнޡûоγҲûκοɹοĶ󣬿նš
һгɿգ
ϫǻǵһ˹ĵط;ûʲôΣգȴκһ˿ɡ
෴ʱţԽԨŲƣĪӿһĨ¶Ϣ
ͺǴԨĳּΣյĴڰ㡣
޵ߣδ֪صĵطֻŵŤͷˡ
ϫûС
һУ־壬ֻʶӡ
ԽԵغδ֪Խеĺ棬﾿ǷĴռ;أ

ϫǲϷɶݣѹգһƿžеԵΪ̶
һյʱ
ǰߴ·ĳϫٿȻ㣬Сģ
һݣ̧ȥͿǼУ֪ʱһƻҝ
Щ˿ϸܣΰ룬вȣ
˿ЩҝĵһۣᵽһݵĿֲΣϢ

ܻΪʵʵĽ
֮ǰÿһ򾳱Դ֮ǰҲʶƽĴڣǶɫ޹Ĵڣۼ
ȻǰֵЩȴΪʵʰҝ˿ΣᣬȴǼ˵գ
ɫϾ˭Ҳû뵽ڽһشԨ֮һΣգһƬĽ
ᰲÿһƵֻ¶ԵĨɱɵ
һ̣ϫеЩ֣ԽƵ̽һ£ǿԺЩҝĽҪһ𴳹ȥȴǺѰ쵽
жϣǰЩԼǾŵ򾳱Դ֮ǰһͭǽڰһƬҪǿ
ţ
ϫüʱһƳȴȻ֣ǼԶһƬҰУֵһƬм䣬ѿһ϶
һ϶ۣڻҰУϸ鿴Էˡ
ৣ
ϫӰһһѷǰϸãͫղƵһ¶һĨء
ʱ򣬲ϫ쳣ȻҲ׷׸һڻҝеѷʱסҲ¶һĨԾ
λҲ֮ǰѾһƬֵˡ
ϫһڡ
òЩ˰ɣ
ҹ˼
ᣡ
ϫشĺԥƲ⣬ЩֻڰŻжЩ˳䵱·ȷˡ
Ļ˭
˽Զɻ
˭ȥһˡ
ϫɿղѹ۲ֻһѷǰУ԰ȻһƬ򡣡
Ǿжɡ
˼ˣҲֻȴǱñ֮ǰСģЩƮ˵һɹͬеѷ죬СһЩԲдˡ
ڳϫ£һһѷСǰС
һ·ϣ˽Զ񾭣赽˼£Ψֱһ˿˿ðĻҝմȾˡ
ҺãһƬǵķΧ󣬽Ƭ̺Ǳ㰲Ȼȥ
һƬ֮˶̲סһմӹŹһ㡣
ˡ
ˡ
һ翶ׯķٿȻӼ֣Զ͸һɱζ
ţ
һɲǣϫ˽Զһݣ
ɲشԨУз
һ̣ԺнԶ븡ֳͬһӰòǷϰɣ
ûн̸ǼԨɶݡ
һ·ϣûκգΨһׯķԽԽԽԽ
ֱ糿ĺģߵ
ʱڳϫǵҰУҲ𽥸ֳһĶǵĻ
һƬ׹ʬأ׻ѩһأ÷ƿͷ
̫ˣ
ͷ·һƬ׹ʬ󣬸ĽԶɭɭ׹ǡһƬƴսӢ飡
˭һڴԨ˶ʬЩʬǰǺηʥ
ǡεȲ⣬Żڴˣ
Ŀģ
Ⱦȫ˳ϫǵԭΪһƬйռ;صĻԵ֮أȴ·һƬ׳
ʱǰ׹ʬľͷϥһӰһϮ°ɫɮ£ֱʥķ⣬ȻǷʥϣ
ֻʱö˫գжɢһɱ˵Ϣ
ϫ˶ʱס
˭Ҳû뵽Ͼ֮ǰشԨ֮¡
û뵽ǣϴ˿ϥڰ׹֮ϣзΪڴ˵Ӣ鳬㡣
һжԵЩ˼飬óϫǶЩӦ
ڴʱĺٿȻʧԶڰ׹Ƕϵ
ϫǵӰƺ֣ɫ͸ׯ౯
վˡ
̾һ˫ֺʮϫһһš
˵λͬһ·ˣɻСɮ֪ޣҲԸΪλɡ
ˣϫ˽ԶԷɣϻǴǰǸϣ鲢δκθı䡣

ʯһ̲סʵ
֮Ԩ
ϹȻʼһ˿ش𣬡ţռ;أҲӡſԸԪֻ
֮Ԩ
ϿԵĴţϫнԶһ𣬻ǵһ˵ռ;أԸһԪֻ
ǽԶеЩ
һԪ
Ϲ֮һ𶼻ᱻ
ֱЦ
ϹӵӴ񣬲֪˶±Ǩų֮򣬲棬ܻ˵
ȻžǴţ̫ĵ档
ҹȻҡͷѡ
ڴˣϲδĬȻ
һƬ׹ʬ֮ô£Ϊλ
Ȼʵ
һӣ˽Զ䣬ҲԴ˸еĺɻ
ǡĩ֮š֮ء
ָЩ׹ʬͳƽ
Щ׹ʬ붼ϸԪĹ׺ᣬһСϹ޵ߡ
˶٣Щ׺ᣬϹ޵ߣԶΪĩ֮ŶͼлһЩĪ״ļԪǼûܰ쵽պ޶
ĩ֮ţ
ϸԪĹ׺ᣡ
һͷİ׹ʬ渵ţϫнԶЩ޷ƽ
Ϊĩ֮Ŷȴպ޶ڴˣĩ֮ڣʲôܣ
ʱ򣬳ϫȻ̧ͷԶϣϣܷ֪Ķǣ
֮ԨԴδϵȴǱѰǷһ顣
Ϊϳ֣رűסһ
ʶʱ̣ϫԲϻƭЩˡ


1944 ĩ֮
ԣ˽ԶͷͲѡ
ȷÿжʣһһȥѯҲ̫鷳
ڳϫҪϲûоܾ֮ǰȴ˵λͬ뵽ԤƲöãЩ׺ֻ¾ͻ
еĹᣬǴϸԪӴЩˡ
ϫһ㣬ԽԶȻûоܾϵ飬һƬ׹Ǻϡ
䡭
һִϫǶʱܵһ˼Ϣӽ°׹ʬڶǻһڣС
۵ʱұǸ⣬ȴȷݡ
ӿһĨ׷֮ɫʼԼ֪һкг
ֱŵأѴ¿жϣӲӣܾڴ˵Ĺ׺ᣡ
ҽΪͨط֮ȷжϡ
λͬױǶϸԪ޵һֳƺǽС޵ߡСס
ףнеħ߲ͬҲ͵е̫ʮҲֻͬһνˡǵȷߡ
֮ҷڵĵ伮УסǶϸԪߵһͳơ
ӣһλ׺ᡣ
ǴϸԪĸҴȴΪ޷һԪ֮ձŵСЩ޵߶ԣǡȻ˰Ĵڡ
ҲȷŵлڹˣֱһڡٴԨȷţҷ֮µһﾹȻġ
ʲô
ʯ̲סʵ
ĩٴԨֻҵ
˵ϲδ⣬෴˵һʱɫǴһĨ޷ȥǡ
ĩ򷨽֮⣡淢飬޵յĵͷ㽫ͳͳᣡ
һ飬޵߱㲻޵ߣʧȥ˴ڵ塣
ֻأҷڿһһԪԣĩ٣ע֮·νֻҵ٣
˵⣬ϵѱЩء
λضѿٴԨ֮£ĩ֮ţζһֻҵپͽ
⣬ѲһĨ⣬ëȻѵϸղ˵Ǹģ
һĩ֮źִһԪͽ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ԼƲ⣬˱Ȼ֮Աˣɵһз֮һ֤ʱݲ˲ȥԴ
ϫȴüЩͬ϶ֻصĶ塣
Ϊӻаʺڤ¼һ𣬾ͿʼӴйֻصУ
ʲôֻأ
һһ
֮ǣڰףһǬ
ֻأձΪƱΪж񱨣һлҺͶһ־ȻѭС
Ϊ̫ɣŻڤѹ䡣
ϫչֻ֮ı˰١սĵ֮ҲֻصĿɲ֮
Ѳֻһô򵥡
ǳϫֻص⣬ʶ϶ֻصֻ֪һʱȻͬˡ
ϫûзվ̫ɣһ˵ڣȻᱻй¶ȥϡ
ЩϸԪӴĹףںܾ֮ǰһֱͼĩ֮ţΪֻǲܹŵҲܹһԪһС
ѼڣΪ˴ﵽĿģѳı˲֪£񣬱ǿʼʩչƻʱˣ
ѵĿģΪ˻Ԫ
ȻЩš
ֻǵĿ֮һΪֻǱ¸ԪУΪһеĴڡ
οĩ֮Уɼпܴռ;İأЩ׶ԣջ󡣡
ϸԪռ;İأҲܼԪ٣Ԫˡ
˵⣬ȻԳһЦȻֻҵƶϣǷ˭Ҳ˵
Եúܳأõóϫһʱ֪˵һЩʲôźá
ԭֻһŵصжĿҲܼ򵥣Ϊ
˭룬ִ֮һжòˡ
֮ǰǿû뵽ŴϸԪӴĹס
ͬ뵽ŵСٴԨ֮пܴռ;أǣһܻٵԪ
һжԳϫǶԣԵ̫˼˻ɫʣһʱҲԳЩϢˡ
ǣ飬弫ЩϹǣĿܻӲˣ
ҹɹЦҡͷһгֻ̬ȡ
ϫȴʵϣЩڴ˵صİ׹ʬÿһǰҪһĩ֮ţնδܳɹΪһЩȴΪضԳɹ
䣬ʱ˵ע
ǰûгɹ飬Ϊһξͻɹ
Щƾʲôʼһȴõж
һ̣˳Ĭò̧ͷ˿ϫ˵Ϊ㡣
֣óϫס
Ҳ㵣۾ΪϫҲ̫˼˰ɣ
ϴ˿̵ɫȴ֮ڿЦ
Ϊʲôң
ϫüʵ
Ϊǿֻܴĩ֮š
һһٵ
ͬǣǿܹɣΪû˵ЩΪλ϶ϫܹ쵽һˡ
˶ȻЩţϫĿУǴһĨ֮ɫ
Ϊʲô
ϫüͷ׷ʡ
ȴҡͷԡ
˽ԶЩĪʧ
Ȼˣȥһĩ֮ţЩ׵ļƻǾʹ˹һˣ
ϫȻ
һڽٴԨһѾ޷⣬һȴţ򡭡˶Ϊһذ׹ʬеһԱ
ҡͷ˵һ˻Щ
ۣ
ȳϫǷӦǰɫȻһף͵һѪˮ
һ̣һҡΣ˫ʱð޹⣬ƺҪ֧Ųס㡣
ߣ
ɳƣһӣųϫһٿȻ뿪һƬ׹纣򣬸ԶС

ͬʱһƬİ׹ʬ֮򣬾ͬΰ㣬ʼҷ
һݵĿɲϢҲ֮ӶÿһС
ϫкݺһɫ䡣
Ҫʲô
䣡
һ̣һ춯ص쳹ǰ׹Ǻ룬ٿȻӿֳһ޴ޱȵĹŻϰθߣ
İ׹ʬҲһһֻδǣӿ뵽һعŻϡ
̶̼֮䣬纣һİ׹ʬʧǰģһʮɸߣ˰׹ʬŻ



1945 
ʮŻεض۰׹Ƕ棬ֻϰӡ
ʵ̫Ρߣѹ˵أ͸һ˵ѹ
꣡
УȻ״裬һһִ磬ŻܣĩףƲɲ⡣
һʱ֮䣬ƬÿһռУ·һĻϢĲ
ĩ֮ţ
˼ϫ˾Ͷ϶һʮɸߴŻǴ˵еĩ֮ţ
أڽٴԨ֮£Ѳ֪Ӵ¡
ĩ
򷨽֮⣡
һĩ֮ٽ٣еĵͷһգҲʧȥĸ
ڴУĩ֮ڣһԻһԪĽ֮
һ̣ϫɫأңһظߴĩ֮ţЩ
֮ǰͼ֮ѹһУϧֱʱҲŷ֣Լ̫ˡ
ϿѪɫҰף޹⣬͸һŨŨıΡ
ʶԭ֮ǰϥڴˣзΪֹĩ֮ų֣
źǣջʧˣѪֹģ㲰
λٰͬﲻʲôæˡ
ϿЦ̾Ϣ
ϣѰǲæ㣬ǸͲһˡ
ϫһʣµľͽǰɣΣұص㾡ȫһطϹ򣡡
Դƽ
ֻгϫԼ֮ǰԣҪ뿪ΨһϣǴһĩ֮š
Ļ
ֱ
ô죿
ϫгأĿԶһʮɸߵĩ֮ţһʱĬԡ
ĩ֮űϣ۰׹ǣȫǣ˸ʵĿ
֮ǰ˵ֻϫܹһŻǴ˿̳ϫԼȴһͷҲޡ
ϫǲ뿪
ʯ
ܵġ
ȳϫڣϱҡͷٴԨֻܽܳһֻٶ
һô֪
ʯü
㿴Щ׹ʬô֮Ҳôն˸ɵ³
̾Ϣһ֣Ψһĳ·Ǵĩ֮š
ԣľأ·ûˣΨһĳ·Ҳĩ֮ڣֱ˽ѡ
Ͼһĩ֮ţǺ֮أ˭ܹе
οԹ֪жͼһţɼʧܸգЩˣɲñܹ쵽һˣ
˵ĲٴԨɾκ·ѡˡ
ڴʱһЦƴǴԨϿմһӰ̤գⲽ
Ϊ׵һϮѪۣϢ񱩶䣬ӣ
󣬻ʮˣͷ񣬻ŨŨУϢһ˿鲨
һ˲䣬ϫԶһ
֪ЩϸԪӴĹ׺ִɵһĻʱϫɲЩء
ΪǣӾΪЩ׵ף
ճɱţֱ
һ̣ϫһУһʮɸߵĩ֮š
Ƕǧ֮أһˣγңң֮ơ
Էʮˣߵ࣬⵹ص㣬صһÿһʵֻ¶ˡ
һɲȻӿɿ촫ˣ˵ĻҪɱǣصһѪսˡ
Ҳʶһ㣬ԷȻ˴ҡڵȻ޿֣׼ȫֶΡ
λĪҪǣȾ䡣
ϫһԵüΪ侲ɫݣˣĩ֮Żδֻ²żˡ
һõÿȻнԶ̤ʵ١
һ˵ʵԶڶ̶̼գۼ䣬ﵽϫȾ磬Ҳǵʯ֮顣
λѣּˡ
һִ˫ָգһϮѪڷ޹졣
ǺЦĿɨӳϫһˣһλԼ㣬͸һɸ߸ϵ֮ˡ
Ψʱ΢΢һ˼Ѿٽǵˡ
һ仰óϫǽһȷ⡰ӡȻϸԪһף
ӣװǻƣ
Ӻܿ߶Էǽ¶İ̬סȳ
аҮɲַɱȵġ
װӡİҮЦ͸Ųм
Ү
Ȼǡӡ֡
ҮΪʱʯɫһ˵Щʲôȴϫס
Һ֣һĩ֮Żδ򿪣ΪȴȲˣ
ϫɫȻİҮ
ʵǵִ֮һжѳɶֶ֣һ
Ү˹ڣ͸һɾƿصζϫ²ǰ㣬ʱƺż֡
Ŷζ϶һһԴһĩ֮ţ
ϫɫ
Էż֣ͬҲżܴӶԷл֪һЩϢǾ͸òˡ
ҮǺȻһĨŹֵĻȣųϫϫϫû뵽ֱڻףһĩ֮ŵĹؼô
˻һȻнԶݺһڸȷţԭ֮ǰ˵Ļģ
ϫǿһĩ֮ŵĹؼ
һ̣ϫɲΪλң
ʹϣȴҡͷԡ
Ү⣬ȴͬҲҡͷԣֻЦȻ㲻֪ǾһӲҪ֪Ϊá
ϫüѵ㲻ģҲô
ҮЦˣЦƸоϫɣðβסЦֱڻûǵˣѲԼƿˣ
˵ѴһĨʤȯյζ
Ц
ΣֻƣЩ׺Ҳˡ
ȻǽԶ֮ԱǣԼˣȿ֮ԶԷ˵óڡ
ҮˣЦָ˵ЩϹ֮ӣ弫һеһȴ޴֮İ׳հ㣬ټĹȻᱻЩ׳ռݣֱۣ
ԴҲûʲôˡ
ȻܵˣһʱɫһһĨŭ
ˣǵ׸￴ˣ
λСթһֻڹ⼤ŭǡ
ϫˡ
ҲڴʱҮɫȻƽЩĮϾͽȥķݶϣ̹׸ǣһжǹһѳı̫ãҲȴ̫ãƾЩ˵Ǿ޷ġ
˶٣ǲţһжѲҪ
˵⣬ҮǺȻһĨصЦݣĿһһӳϫɨż˵ȻΪ˱ҹһĳ⣬ķʽȴǿѡġ


1946 ս
ѡʽ
˶㻳ԼǷˣ˭ⰢҮ˴ģ˵˴󻰣
Ц𣿡
ҮɫĮʵ
ֹǿЦܻ
ϫƽ
ΪҹһԺļƻ˳ʩչڽŵʱӦȥˡ
ҮɫĮһ̵Ե֮һ˵ơ
ĬƬ̣˵ʱ򣬱Ҳٺڣ˴֮Դ۰Ǵ˵أֻһĿġ
Ǿһرķʽǵˣ
һһ٣ɱ֮
ˣ
ϫǽԶһ
ˡ
ȻҮһһŹƤڿգ籡ڰ׶ܻһȦȦλõĹΡ
ϫ˶ʱԴս׼

ƤȻҷǺڰ׶˲Ϣ֮䣬һݵɢȫ
ã
һ̣ϫֻһҡضͷĿѣǰﾹʼŤá
һ˲Ǳѹǵܾ󣬶ʱɫһ䡣
һƬ磬ֻкڰ׶ɫ
һҹһ硣
ҹͰ֮䣬һֱߣƬ绯ΪȫͬƬ
˿̣ϫһ˱ǺҹУǰʮ֮أһֱĽߡ
һ࣬УȻվŰҮһˣ

ϫɫȫû뵽һɲǣ˶Էƣ뵽һƬС
ǲ²ⲻӦ֮ǰһعϵƤܻ
ǻǬڰִλСģϸԪΪġս
ϳ͸һء
ս
ԳϫǶԣһȫİĴڣܿ죬ϾʹһС
ϸԪ֮䷢ͻսΪ˱ս磬ҲΪ˱ⱻ˴ŵЩױѡڡսнжԾ
⡰սУżΪ̵ĹƣںڰͬеĹףɱеĶ֣ܴӡս߳
֮һڡսжԾһ޷쵽˫ᱻԶУ
ҮսϫǴУȻѴע⣬Ҫɱǡ
ϫȴԴ˸еЩɻֻɱǣƺضһ١
ѵ޷սˣ
˵ҮսᲨĩ֮ţӶһЩԤ֪ı
йȻ֪Ĳ٣սһأսִ£һԪһഫĴȴǲȴġ
УҮ̬磬һɽӰİ֮
֮ѳǣ֮ǰǰ㱣
һ١
ϫ³ĸ֣ѹ۲⡰սвʲôա

ҮȻ񶨣ֱԵֻսŲᴥĩ֮ŵ
˶٣ǷһĨҪǣ㹻ʱȥǵˣ
仰˿̱Үٴ˵ȴһĨֱĵɱ
ϣ
ϫУȻŰҮƽǾͿһ˭߳ս
ȱż
ҮȻЦȻȲɱȴķȰһ䣬սеĶԾһعơ
ʲôƣ
ϫü
ǾÿһԾֻһһУôǲǶǺ
Ү̾ϢζŶǲƽ޹ؽҪǶҪġ
˵ȴһĨصЦݣƺȷƶԳϫˡ
һһս
ʱϫǵȷЩ⣬ϾԷʮ֮࣬һӵϣԿռݼơ
ȴƫƫƣѡ⡰սнһһսóϫЩš
ϡĵˣ
Ȼܣ
бȻʲôˣ
ϫǿɲ˶ɾ衣
ôռһЩˣЩҽˣ
ϫɫҮסмЦЩ۶˵Ϲ޵ߵĵԣ
ˣӺսһ
һ輥õʯҲ಻סȻ̤ǰȳ
ɲҪĶ֡
Үһӵ̬ɨʯڸһֻϣû˻ȥ˭սֻѡ񣬶ǡֻܱܣ
ǿɲã
ʯɫһϢŷ̤ʱգҪǰҮɱӰһһǰͱһεݺײһĵ˶ȥ
˶ʱһ
Үһ˲δ֣֮ʯ֮Աˣܵˡսĳ
ҲӲ֤ƺҮԲǿڣ
ʵʵȴѡɣˣǵˣڽձ㱻ȫᣡ
ҮЦѡ
ʯɫʱ粻ݶҧ顣
ĪҪʤܻ˵
ϫοʯһ䣬ȴأһ˿ɻܸоԷַʽսԵ̫
ˣ
ѵ⡰սڵĶԾУֹǰ򵥣
ϫ̲סϣҪѯйءսϢȴҲҡͷʾ֪
ǱϾϸԪĶҲֻڵ伮Ͽ֡
ȴǿԿ϶⡰սսУ¾ǰҮһˣҲƻ
֮ǰ˳ϫһУͬɣҴ棡
óϫĲ٣²Էôʵͼ֪һ㣬ҲѾ㹻ˡ
˭
ʱ򣬰ҮĿһں۶ˡ

һ۶̤ժͷ񣬽Լʵ¶˳
һͷ˫ͫѪͷڶǣߵһϸͷ²
䣡
һ˲䣬ϢɢϹŵһϮҲ˺飬¶һɫƬűĹ
ǣ֮²βһ˫Ƭȣ忴ʮˡ
Ĺףһ֪ǳǿһѪϢ
ƣ
һ˲䣬ϫһ˾жϳĹʵԲЩˡ
ӤҪ˭ˣ
Үʵ
ȻǹĹӤ
һɲϫ˽ԶüһĨŭоֱͽ㣬ѡ׸
ֺүүսһ
ʯЦơ
ҺһԣһͷһָоûԸ
ҹɱơ
ڴˣӤȴһѪͫһһɨϫһˣϡ
ȡ
Ӥ¶ѪϸͷϸɭȻϲŮ˵ζ
ҪѡΪ֣



1947 
ݵĳţ
ԹһСģ
ϫһ涣֪¾޷ı䣬ΨսΨһĳ·
ԹһҪɱ
Ȼ̳ĺϣʤϸԪˡ
Է̫ɺޣЩϹ޵Ϊ׸ֱ޷ˡ
Ϲŵͳ񹬵ĴˣһϷֽ֮ѷɱȡ
ɳϫһ亹ǲѡ
ɲ۵Ծսһʧܣζпޱȡ
ټ϶ԷǴϸԪӴĹһ֪սεȲѰˡ
ϸԪˣЩȴӴ̫˼飬ԲС
һ̵ɫƽݣ޳ҡҷˣһͷں˿Ʈ衣
һУһսȼգ
ףŮţ̺ʢϢܽ˰ᣬԿںҵ
ȻЩ۶УƲʲô̲ס̤һĨ
Ҫǰ߳ġӤΪ֣
Ӧ𽣡Ǳ
ӤһĿ֮ɫ͸һĨв
ֻ߸ȴʮˣҪη֣ҿɲ˴λᣡ
ǱӦĺ˺Եúǿơ
˻һЩһ궯ҲЩ˺
Ӧ𽣬
ˣҮüͷһ壬ɫĮȻ
ҮˣӦŮ˵򡢾ķţ޲ϡ
Ӧ𽲻̲ס֮磬ҳ֣ȫԽһȫںˣ
һϫǶУȴһ𶯣ףЩνġˡֻɱЩô򵥡
ĿģҪϵ򡢾ţ
죡ɱ־
ҮȻҲӦĻй¶ٶʱɫһ͸һ˵ζ
ң
Ӧһһ亹Ϊһȼɭϣ򲻸ǰҮ
ЩҲĬ궯
¡
Үһӣһֺڰıֱ࣬Ȼӿֳһɫ̨
Ǻɫ̨ȾѪ߲ϣһ֣һѪɱϢԼԼսĺ𣬽꽻Ʈء
ɫȾѪ̨󣬼֮䣬ʹʮɷԲΪʮɷԲ
ԶԶȥֱһս㡣
ȷսһڰһںҹ򣬵ȾѪ߲һƬѪսµӡ
ս̨ϽУжԾ˿޷ԤģҲС
Ү˫ָɫݣأԹһĨʤȯհ΢Ц˹˵ԣǴԷսóеֶȥǧҪ֡
ְֿ̬ʵϫŭȻǷС
ڴʱҮ͵غȵӤ񣬻ϼ̨ս
ৣ
δ£ǸƬܲһףϢѪӰһ̨ϡ
˶ЩȲˡ
ӤѪͷ¶һĨ̬ĿԶĿ綢һζ㣬ޱȡ
⻰ϫԣҲסһĨŨɱЩ
𼱣ҲȲͷ¾ƣ
ɫ䣬ⲽ̨ϣƮ裬һʵʵɱͶӤңң
һʱɱ˼¡
¶ţһҲеţΪǡ
֪ʱжϳԷսڣɾжȴ˿Կ
Ǻǣúãúã˶Թˣ˵һƤҡ
ӤϢ䣬һѪͫĹ⣬͸һĨȡ
ϻƪ˵ģھ͹̨ܸɴĵ

ӤѪͫһĨâӰһһͳ˹ȥһұ۾ް㣬ݺݳ
ৣ
ͬʱҲˣһλεɫ񽣣绯һŮɱŷ
䣡
սһɲǣʮɷΧ̨һεĹ︲ǡ
һսನ޷йͬҲ޷ŵ֮ս
ڣƥһɫգնգɱǬĿĹ⣬ҫء
һ̵յڹ͵쾡¡
ϫǾĵǣȹ£޷κӤ
Ӥսܹ죬Ƭܲ˫һޣɲ
ʩչεǿĹ޲Ӷ˫ۣһһ黯⣬Եࡣ
Щ˶ӵսɾЩΣˡ
Ȼૣһü֪ʱѽһ
ҲɫأһսǶЩ˵սӵһΪֱ۵֪
ž
ž
ž
̨ϣϲ춯صıһδι߽ʱĲԵüΪ̶õòҲһľ
Σӣ
ϫӿһĨơ
䣡
Ƭ̺Ӥ͵һָ̤͵һ˺ӲĹ˺ѣ˸Ǳĵˣһס
һӣϫ˽Զһ
Ӥδûº֣෴ǷѵлᣬЦ˶̫ˣǱ㣬УԽɱˡ
У͸һĨŨŨӺԽС
࣬һǰΪĳУ͵һҧͷųʢԣٴγɱȥ
¡
Ƭձ𣬻Ϊ𺣣һ󺣣֮
̫ˣ
ӤҡͷΪʧ˵ʱһץһƬѪ䣬̺ž˵ĸʴһ˲ͽķŭһ⡣
ɫһһͷԼӵеļȫɱ
һܣ˴βֹǻᱻԷԼһ
³ɾԸ⿴ġ
䣡
սޱȡ
˶е
Ǻǣͻɱ˱ʵЩЦˡ
ʵǿѵϹеڣ𣿡
սУʱӤ͸ŨŨŪͲм̼ɫ࣬зŭ˼¡
սĳϫˣҲһŭգˣˣڼ̤ϣ
۰ҮһˣԶһյģƲӤ԰쵽һ
ȤȤȻˣͽɣ
ȻӤ죬һ
䣡
һɲǣ׻ҡڿѪҪ
̶ܴһɻǵıӤֶΣ˵ǿޱȡ
ֻһѣһλˣѿ


1948 
˫ͫѪ
ϸԪӤҲһ߹Ĺףԡħס䡣
ħǿıͨħ֮һԺǬǺӵĿֲѧ
ħУ³
ղһӤʩչġħ֮һٻ꣬١
Թ
磬˴УĵԺ޲̳ȥ̨йƣ˭Ҳ޷
ټ϶һȺڶţõǲж
ڣѪǿţٴγĵȴ
䣡
սڳֳǿӤҲ΢΢Щ⣬Цѡ
ԷǴšΪ鲻Ϊȫͷ
𣡡
ûãӤٴηһħ֮ʮɽ㣬ݺݳϣڿѪͷ˲֪١
˿ش᧿Σ
ǣǿţּ
óϫǶݣ֮࣬ǽ˶Ѻ޵ҧ˫Ŀֱ
ҪɱһһҪɱһ̫ˡ
ҹૣо⡣
Ҳˡ
ۣ
̫أѼӤĹ£ֲϱѪ
ֱͷѣԡѪƾһǿս־֧š
鷳
һ̣ӤҲЩüˣû뵽һǿ֮Ķ֡
ȷɱԷȴԲô
ΪһսһʼӤͲΪɱԷҪַͨʽһٰԷӵеһУΪã
Ҫ쵽һͱþԵսԷֹҪʵѹҪݿԷġϺ־
ΨܹõԷ
ɱֶΣҲǹһˡ
ҲΪսʱӤͳŪΪ˴̼ԷΪŭʱһٴݿһ־
ߣ
Ӥҧٴηһħ֮
۵һһû漣ħֱӳһߣõһȻ׹ء
ˣ
˴УĿѣȥȴ̨ܵĹݺˣ޷

Ӥһӣһɺɫƹ֣һ˲ͽУӤţ̨
Ҳ
⣬˱ߣƽϫǺ޲ϳӤɱȾѪ
Ӥ񷵻֮󣬾ϥҪطлһЩʲô
ûͱҮסӤ񣬶Щﻹδɱڿɲǳװ˵ʱ򣡡
ӤƼΪʣһͳȴδжǳ𣬵Ǿٵһȡ
Թƺδȥ
ĿһĻԭŭĳϫȻ侲ɿ촫
Ȼһϸһ̽Ȼͷ֣ԡѪƼأʧȥʶΧȴһ˿޵Ϣƣδ
ÿȻǽԶһ֮࣬ȴסŭա
˵ȷûȴ㱻У˵ֶΣɱܡ
Ӧ𽣬ڶԾѡְɡ
һΣЩҮֱӿڣ˳֮ˣǸղźӤִӦ𽡣
лˣ
ӦȲδ£̨ϡ
͡
һƱޱȵɫӦֵĺۺͶ񶳽ᣬȻ飬Ϊһм׹һأӦʵҲ֮ҰС
һŮӣ̬޳ͣһͷֱ䣬䡣
ΪļµǣӨ˫ϣһɫ绡׹㣬˸Ϣ
ৣ
Ҳһ˲ϣ󴽽ǷһĨĻȣ³֣
֣չֳһ֮ƣ߸ϵŮڷ
֮ղӤÿһɢһɱζӦҪɲһЩϧ𣬺ϻ
ѡΪʱóϫЩ⣬ÿȻʯҹһ
ս¶ǿҲԸһз
ʵǣȴֻܵȺڴˣ㣬ֻܱѡ񣬶޷
ֹǱһֳ裡
ͬǳĬԣԣбһƺâһ̨̣ϡ
䣡
һ˺ɫìûκηϻܸɴغȻѶƾǿ
ͨղһս˴εĶкεȿɲʶԲκαˡ
ΪԺˣžԲҹսֻĬµ͵ʶвҹ
ӹɣǺڳĿȻʯޥȣҲԲѷɫˡ
ɱ
һ˺ɫìЮΰʱ飬ɨȥ
ϧһӦ̫ǿˣӤҪɲⳡսһʼ㱻ѹס
ǵȳ棬óϫɫ֮࣬ľء
յʱ䣬ڽֵʱһѧϧʩչطȼ񣬽յӵǰļ۷壬աǰˣ
ӦƮ裬޳սַȴǸɴ䣬ϣһɫƣִ鵶һն
ۣ
һɺѪţӲǣͷüĴֳһѪۣȻ¡
Ӧü䷺һĨ̽һץͬһУ̨
ǿԡ
ӦתȥĿⲻɨ˳ϫһۣ˵Ĳм
ɶ񣡡
ҹ˫ȭգҪŭ衣
˵ɫҲÿԼͬ鱻شߣƺ裬ǿҪƲסŭ⡣
ɸģȴǳأսԶʧܸգδ̫пᡣ
ܿ죬׺ѡҹΪ֡
иޣɣţűը
ӡܵĴͼ϶Ĵ࣬һļµĹ
䣡
һ̨̤Ѻƽҹ㺷Ȼƺƴ󣬼Ԧҹ֮ԣʩչϴͨ
ˡ
иһָȴһĴ֮Ȼţҹ֮ǰ
ɽһɲǣһ֮ͱݻ٣и˶Ѫ飬ɽա
һУͱɱˣ
ϫ˽ԶһЩš
ҹҲ΢΢һ
ΨǰҮһ˴ǷһĨЦ

һ̣иޱΪѪٿȻ䶯ںһ»ָ
֮ǰȣϢǵû˥һأ˺ᡣ
Сģ˼ϸԪصĲ׺ᣡ
һɲϳʲôɫݣʧ



1949 ϫ
ף
ϸԪΪǵһȺӵн
ҹ䲻Щɵиޱɱ֮˲͸ǿ󣬶ʱ˶ԷĿɲ֮
䣡
ҹٴγڶ̶̲Ƭ̣ٴνԷɱʮΣÿһΣƺͽ͡
Ϊòһ˲иޱָÿһαɱ֮ƾͻһ
ʱи޵ƼֱѴﵽһֺ˵ĸ߶ȣ
˶㤣ⲻ׺Ҳ̫ɲˣӵ㲻˭κ
Ϊľǣÿһαɱ֮Ҳ֮ڽһֱȥǻ˵ã
ҹҲʶ⣬ɫѱأżϸ۲ԷͼѰ㡣
ˣǾͻְɣ
иƿҹ˼ϷһĨɭȻ
䣡
һ̣Ӱ磬̺űը¡ײʱգֱҹǰ̧ƣһ使ޱȵĴ֮ҹֶ¡
ǣȴʩչһ使᲻紵Ĵ֮ȫìܵƣȴһǿҵӾ

裬һƬƬƮ㣬ޱȣճҹϣȴһ˲类ס˶Ӳ
ܹҹѪתһƬƬɣһ˲䣬ѪҺƱգ֮ɫ
һƬƬ໨ֳ꣬ε̺֮ɫиһϤ
أ
ҲͬʱҹȻ׹أ֪
ĿһĻϫɫ˼£ԾУҹҲˣ
ǶԣһޱȵĴ
Ͼҹ߱սԺͿȻȼˣȴɻǰˡ
Ķֶǿ󣬺ֱ룡

ܳϫγءŭܹҪģڵԾ󣬵ĸ۹׳
һͰŰִֻ۰ĹףȴһüĿģ֮
֣ϸԪġ˱۹סһ塣
ÿһ첲ݰһȫնɱޱȡ
ѡĶֿȻ
սܿչ¿Ȼȫ׼ɵֶԾɶʱΣУ
һսһʱ䡣
һ
ȻһüԶĵ⣬ƤɼǣѪʡ
ɿȻûˣһֱս
ʼգδһδһüͷ䱻ɱñˣԼȴȻ㡣
ĿһԾϫ˽ԶһĨ룬Ŀã̿˷绪һλˣΪģ
̫˷ߺޣ
Ҳ̫˾ĺͱ
ৣ
գڿգݷаĸ첲趯˸˺ʱա
ٺҪǴһɿֲ֮޼᲻ݣ衣
նΨѩķâ˸ء
̫ɲˣ
𶯣Ŀѡ
գȻһɱ˺ȻɳȥѪС
ȫž˵

ǰˣѵЩ޷սʤģ
һ̣ϫɫҲɱ˼£ҪƲסеɱ⡣
ſȻҰܵ£б̨
УѿҪ
ĳʧܣλϹҫ۵֮ӣȴ֪ѺС
ʣ
ʵ˲пѪܣ
ֱ˾
ʣµͼɡޥ˶ЩȻǶǿ˶ˣϣ
ϫһ̵ɫѱĮȻ֮עһУȴδйŭ͡ޣ
Щ˺ǿ󣬲˼ǿ󣬵ϫ޾壬޵ģֻ˰ڲĴ
ᣬҪɲԼֻȥȣȶԷѡԼ
о̫裡̫裡̫裡
һУİҮһ˿УǽסһĨЦ
Ѿ۰ѳϫһ˴ҪľЧʱɱϫǣصȴڡ
ЩϸԪӴĹףҪþһֶΣȥϫǣȥŭǣþ̵ֶδݿǵϡݻе
ΨܹõǹһҪģ
һ
ҮڣҪһԾʼ
ɻδ˵꣬ͱĳϫϣһս
ҮһЦôѾʼżˣϧʱûϫѡأ
ˣұ֤Ҳٵ̨
ϫ俪ڣĿ⿴һʯޥ
Ҳһ࣬ˣڿս֮ϫǱûϳս˼ʶûаڡ
ϫݺֱףҮӵиֶɱϫǣɽסü
ˣԸһս

һ˾򾳱Դ֮ֵһɣ
Щ˽ԶٲȻһѳϫ̬֮
ҮˣĬƬ̣ȴǻֵǶ£и޳ս
˻һЩ˽ԶȻ
иҲЩ⡣
Ҳ֪һＬ֣ɲǳʲôˣиѪӦһС
ҮĮڣҲᣬܽϫܣֻܹ鱾У
һʱЩϨ˳ս˼
ұٳһ棡
и޴Цһ㽡˶ƿնٿȻ̨ϡ
Ŀϫ㲻ҪôڱԸ
ϫŲܳս˭һֻҪս㹻ˡ
ʶи޳ʱûκγɣӰһսС
һ̵ĳϫԣɫĮȻһԺоƥɱ
ƣղŷһаʲôˣĿ⡭ء
иɫ٬Գϫ䳰ȷ
䣡
ϫûзϻӰһȥ
һ̣ѹõķɱѿƲס۽Ȼõÿһ缡ȼա
ɫȴĮȻ䣬û˸鲨Ϥ˶šϫѺ޵£
ɱ
磬籼ף
ϫڷڣںڻҪ͵Ѫ
ĿһĻиﲻһĨŨŨĲмͿ޴ļһԱŭͷԣѵղûԼɱģ
׳գ
и޶ԳϫۣЩʧԭΪһ㹻ǿĶ֣˭롭Է֪Լɱģȴ޴سɱֱ޿ɾҩˣ
һ̣иԭûжһ£ôųϫɱɫоǱĺͲм
ɵһĻҮбܵһ˿ף̲סȳСġ
䣡
ии˾ͱϫһĵñ飬Ѫ
޴иܻᱻѰֶɱ
Щ˽ԶЦ
һ̣ǵЦͽ̣ΪиǱڶݵĳźȴûлָ


1950 й
ʮȥ
иǱѪҲûһ˿ںϵļ
ðҮһ˵ɫһ
ֵʮˡ
ðҮһ˶ʱеЩ
ӳϫ̨̤ٵŲɲʱ䣬սĲν졣
ҮǱ׼Ϊ׵ĺᣬи޶ϲˡ
෴ÿ˺ɱһΣƾͻһⱾǲ߱ܡ
˭룬һκˣ

ٹǿüɲ
ҮɫҲЩи޸ղŴˣСһЩϲᷢˡ
Ǹ
Үаһ䡣
ͣ
һ
Ү˶ʱи֮Ѫ⣬һһʧ̶̼֮䣬Ϊޣʧ˼һ㡣
Щǿߵʱͫһš
ֹǣʯޥ϶㲻Լ۾ŸտսѣиޱѱĨɱˣ
ǿǵã֮ǰи޺ҹԾʱս֮죬ôɱɱ
˳ϫȴƲһ㣡
Ҳ̫˼飡
ʼգϫ̨ϣɫĮȻ;εӰƥɱƣһûиɱ
Ȼɱиޣе⣬һ˿
ڵȣһϳ
ΪĻѹõķŭͺ⣬Ÿոձͷţȥй
սᣡܹɱ׵ģֻս
ʶʲôҮ͵سĿһ㱬䣬̨ϵĳϫ㡭ս
УѴһĨɡ
ò˵Ү۹ⶾ֮һ۾Ϳڣֻϫɲˡ
ֻ俴ŰҮĮȻڵһ֣ñٵʱ䣬ֻΪˡ
һϯҮɫȻñ֮ӳϫãȻЦԣսϹֻ¸ݲ㣡
˵⣬ҮȻŤͷɨһڹǿߣŰֻ۰ϣȥиޱ𡣡
ֵ˵ͷӿһĨɱ⡣
иˣԼԴϣϣòҪٷ˵޴Ĵ󣡡
Үѵ
ֵ˵ͷȻҲи޵ȫǱģսϫ޷׻
ಣ
Ӱһӵ̨ϣֻ۰ҡֻޱȵѪݣͷųɲϢ
ϫһҪɱΪʦ㱨𣡡
ʯ͸һɱ룬ղſȻֱǧа㣬һü׹֣䵽ǰҵزҲߺ޿Ҫ
ã
ϫĻشܼ򵥣ֻһ֣ȴ͸һɲɵļᶨʵ
ƾ㣿ɱ˱ʵЦ
Ц˵δСϫΪԼºиͬĴ
ԣƾң
һ̣ϫȼգͷڷ裬ͬһս׿񣬡գֹ㣬Щͳͳ
˵һǵصɱϯء
Ǹֳһͼͨգ˸죡
һƣʩչ
һ̵ĳϫȷһˣ׿ɱڣʮԲˡ
սɱǰУйͷޣ

ּˣȴǴЦ£෴Ϊϫѱڱǣһӡ
ǿЦڸղţһϹ޵߲Ұڴˣץֱһ㾹˿ڳԣЦ֪
дŲмһָ߸ϵĽ
ԶһЩǿҲЦ¶ϫΪɱиޣ޷ˣ
Ц𣿡
ϫˡ
ȻЦһ޵ߣֱ΢ޱȣʲôǿ֪˿ĻһֻƷвһеʥףֻԵû΢Ц
ԴǴ̶һԪ޵ߣֱһĪ衣
õʯޥöҧѣЩĶȻ˱΢ϣ
֣ٷϻ
һЩǿüЩȲˣоֺһϷϻô࣬Щ
Īһ㽫һнݻ٣̤ʧȥӵеһУ
ָֻᣬζݷаĸ첲ңңָϫ΢˴Ӵ˿޴ڵκ壡
Ը򶨣ܴݣһ־Եǿ̬СԷҲ˶ɵͱ

δ£ֱ㺷Ȼһֻ۰裬Ȼ棬Ŀƥųϫնɱ
һɲ֮дӵӳҪո꣡
ֻʹһۣǵȾâ֮ҪĳϫնΪ롣

ϫָ߬ЮƥϽԣݺһֻı۰ϣԱɱգƬضը
һԾױ
ৣৣৣৣ
һ֮£ȷ˳ϫսıԵӶֻâֱۣƿɱȥ
һʱ֮䣬춼ҫ۳ʢâ⣬ѩƥ֮Уն˺ѳɷĩ
֮ǰȻǱȹѹڽڰˣһĿĵ˺ۣյز
꿦ꡭ
̨ϣɲıձγңʱնƥâгɷĩֵսȷɲ֮ٲȻһ޿ƥеļơ
һ̵ȻƲ赲
Ϊǳϫ˾ŵ򾳣Ϲ޵߽ԶͬҼпƿս֮
ʶһѶǿɱУҪһѹϫ
ϣ
һ̣գϫ֮ͬʩչɱС
ãҪڴ˿йҪԵ֮Ѫϴˢ֮ǰ֮裡Ҫƽйݵĺ⣡
ͷһֻԲĻһƬһƬǿӳֳǳѭݣ
⣬ھ񳹵תܻ֮Ͻԣ֡
ԶԶȥ˶ʢû貲ֱӣʥ嫣ɢװơ
¡
ƬŤȻըֵһйϫͷųĥ
ৣ
ͬʱϫնһ
һ
ɲת˲ƽһйâǣ֮ߣ
ǽؾ
ռ;ҵһϾأǾʣ޷ʩչ
һɲѹֵ£˶սһգգΨִʲô㡣
ۣ
һĨʧһƬѪˮһϱ˲䱻촷ۣʧ
ٿ֣˿ʧȥһ۰ɫŭһŭʹ˻
һĻʱȫЩǿͫţȫ޷־ɲǼ䣬ͱնһۣ
ôܣ
Ǽһ
ԭĽ֮ʯޥһһĨ޷Ƶļ


1951 ս
ѪϫȻ
Ťʹһ첲ӲϣѪˮɽϱһ˲촷ۡ
εȺˣ
Ϊ˱۹סᣬֱֵʺųƾ֮Уʯκ鱦ȴһϣ

ֳ׶ŭţԷս죬һȻԻٵһ첲
ĿһĻҮһ΢΢һܿԶ¶һĨüѡ
ȣ֣ɲķѵ𣡡
죡
ֱȣһŤ
һ˲䣬˾ĵһĻˣֵ˿ڴɲһµı۰򣬷˫
⡭
ʯɫʱһԭļһĨȡϱѵǡסиӵһܣ
֮ǰұ˵ȻһħͬЩ׽Զһ
üѣߣѪһɸϵǿޱȣοЩ׻߱Ųͬͨ
ԣһߣЩ߱һֲ˼ǿܡ
񡰲סиޣӵС֮Ѫɱ
񡰰˱۹ס֣˱У鱦ܡ
һߣͬͷۡءɽӵȵͨǺĹԶԣͺ͹һ١
һ̣ϫȻҲʶһ㣬ɫɵĮɱ
΢ѶɱҲ飬һеΪֹ
֮УһӰ첲֮УתƬƬɱϫ
â̫ܼ絶󣬽Ǭ˺ѣذݡǿɲܣֱҪһж
ϧһжԳϫԣѹв
ৣ
ֳһɲϫнȥ赭дƾһƳ
أ
һ춯صײݣʢֵĿɲǱһ˲߽⣡

ѪֶӦ첲뱻նϣΪѪ걬飬˸Ǳݺɳȥ
ĿһĻҮһ˵ɫڱ֣ʼӳϫս
ɶ񣡱΢Ķɱģ
־ʹɫŤ

Ƕϱ۴ٴи첲
ǹһĿɲ֮ӵŲܹϸԪӴ޲Ǿеľ񣬸еĸ֡
ټǿɲ޵ʽ֪߱Ǻε֮ɲ
֮ǰȻҹҰܱܣΪǲŶոս֮սʽսֶνԶɱ䣬ǿޱȣɱϾһȫµ޷쵽ƿء
Щˣɶ˲֪£׷ݵϸԪ£ҲʵѺЩ˿ˡ
Ȼϫڡ
˾򾳱Դ֮֮ϸ۳һŶһ޶Ͻۻǡ
ټΪɱ䣬ȻΪһǵ۾ˮ׼߱սѳֱ̫̫ͬ࣬ݣ
οϻһֽɰսᣡ

ɱ
ŭٴαɱ̨ϣͷŵķâ֮⣬ٲȻһɱﲻƵļơ
̫ɲ
ȴڣǽϹУѹѾõڣ
ɴ˴Ķȴһ޷óһԾҲעͬѰˡ
ৣ
һĨڶ𣬳ϫӰȻֵһֹٴαƳ

ϱ۷ɿգѪȪ
һٴαɱһۣ
ɱ
һ̵֣ȫˣ䱻ܣϱ۲ȫûһ˿˱ѹļ
һĻκ˾ģϾȥϫ߱ƺҲ̸ˡ
ʯǿһľǲѡ
ҮһԵüΪݣעһУȻκ
ͬۼսֵȷ˳ϫ٣֮߱ͬҲǳϫ޷ģ
ǹһĿɲ֮Ҫɱǣôˣ
ڴˣϫȴȻƺûʶһսĲ֮ͬ
ֳֽɱϽֻϽ۰ն촷ۡ
üΣֵͷ­Ҳնʺűƿ˫ȱƽ
գһһεػֱָɱ㡣
Ҫɱ㣡
һδαԺֱָܿףһֿŭУѡ
޷־棬һ΢ޱȵѣȴԼһδѿԼȴκβöԷȽɲܹܵġ
εǣϫȷ̫ǿˣõȥı־档

һʱ֮䣬̨ϣϱ۷裬Ѫ䣬Ŀģһְֽ״̬С
ɱģɣһйԱã
ִЦԵޱȡ
˴ʱҲܳϫͷıսҪƾԼǡɱƺϫ
һ
ҮȻʧЦһڹҲЦˣǶɳġ
ɱ
ҲڴʱսĳϫȻס֣ӰУǷһĨ͵Ļȡ
ⷬٶԵúĪͻأҪ֪սУһٲľС
ɳϫסˣ
ɱ
ˣĻŹȾޱȵĻˣЦһ˱ۻ裬һƬâ
ĶҲ͵Ȼֹ
һƬâδͷţ˾񱻶סӲУ鶼̡
һܡ
һĻԵ̫ˣϫһסָ֣ճ־ҲӲõ˶۾Ȼѡ
ôˣ
һ˵ʵԶһ˲䣬˻Ӧʱһ쳹ܼĵ㡣
ǾͺȻ类ǧи첲˫ȡͷ­塭һ˲䱬ΪģѪ⣡
߶ԣ٣ֻҪһͷȫָ
ȻʱǻһѵѪȴǵûںϣһʧ׻Ϊޣ
ľҲȫʧûκһ˿ĺۼ
ĵģһλԹһĿֲڣϢʧˡ
һĻֱðҮһ۾״ͣš
ֹǣʯҲһһǰδеС
Ǽһôģ
û˿
ҲˣԵø𺳣Ķǡ
ֱą̃ûһ˿ʧҲûһ˿ٸֵļðҮһڸȷţֵȷˣֹǣͷĨɱһһɶ
սᣬȻսᡭһﲻֹս⣬һսﵽ֮ĵز
ҮૣзһĨޱȵѪɫ
֮ǰɱиʱ㿴һ㣬ֻʱ


1952 һ
ֻʱҮû뵽ϫսƿأѴﵽز
սսȫͬģ
һֻǵ⣬һǷ򣬲һ򣬱˴ͬͬԴȴʵ
ڰҮϫƿصģֻս⣬ΪϹоսᷨȽɰڵģ
ҮΪϸԪĹףҲϹ꣬һ㼫Ϊ
֮󣬳ϫһΪϹһʢľ콾
ԪӦߡͼսᡭһֲ˶ܣΪλӦ˲ͬ
һɲҮһθܵԭԼԳϫ֪Ե̫Ƭˣ
ΪϫֱǸԴȵĹ̥

սᣡ
ޱȣʯ˶УҲвƵһƬκˡ
ǸȴܣǺЩϹŶͬΪսжôˡ
෴ڳϫܹǳ𺳣һ־ްĸܡ
սᰡ
һ񶼼ɵֵһ붼˼
ȻֻʯޥĸܣǻϹЩϹڴˣķӦֻ¾Ͳˡ
ĩٴԨֻҵ
һֻ̣ܴϫӿһĨ˵ĸӡ

ˣ̡סи󣬡˱۹סһҲս
һžҮһ˶ľѽܣһʵǿ־Ȼˣ
ʯܣޱȡ
ֻгϫɫɳ̨ϣֱͬһ̾أ˿
֮ǰһսʵɱ֣ûôһδںͶԷɱΪıЩϸԪ˾ʲô֮ˡ
Ѵжϡ
һ
ϫĿ磬ɨӰҮһˣء

Ү⡣
ٷϻһս
ϫ͸һǿƣԼࡣ
ȣЩֺЩϹ޵ߣ½ȻҹǣǼͳŪ
ʶһ̣ΨѪѪΰϴ̳裬йзߺ޲ƽ⡣
Ϊս֮˿κ𣡡
ȰҮӦ˫ͫѪġħסӤȣӰһʱգٿȻ̨
䣡
ӤӰһչ˫˲仯Ϊǧޣ⣬˸˵ĻϢ
ɣ
ֱӳ֣ϵ̬ȱɱģһ˲䣬̨ɱ졣
žž
գϲе̢֮ǬУ첲ǧɳޣӲͷųһɻصĩվ
ৣ
ϫδܣֵñӤҪǿƣգϽͻ
йһ򷨣
ħɱ
Ӥ𣬶츳ͨһɿֲĺɫɢضȾ֮ɫ
ܹһɢӤ˫Ϊܣһ˲㻯ΪһɫմѪ
ڣХѪʥͱﶯȵȿɲ
ǡħס츳ͨħ
Үһ˼ˣԶӤһﾹһ㶯츳еľɱ֮
ħһɱĵԽ࣬ƱԽǿ
Ӥħ֪ɱ˶ٶ֣ѻ̫ѪлꡢԹ
˿̸һʩչ֪ƺεȿɲ
䣡
ɫȾѪ¡¡ٶ£ҪϫɱС
ʲôƷҲҼۣƣ
ϴɱֵľ飬ϫһԵ쳣ԵǿƣһϺȣϽ⣬нȾһϽɫӨ͸Ю
ৣ
һĨ
ˣ
ڳϫͷһתǳ⡣
ţϿգϽۻǴŹ˵ƴ߷¡

һգʱѣϫһӡ̫ͷųһһؿɲܡ
գֻһһħѣΪ룬Ѫ꣬ױ߽⡣
ۣ
츳ͨʧܣӤڿѪһģɫɷ͸һɣܵˣ
ৣ
ϫɲԥԷһ˿ᣬѳȥնɱ䣬ȫɱȥ

Ӥ񳹵׾֣ᵽһϢ뵽Լһ̤սҶԼǿֶΣɲгϫ
ۡ
գӤ޿ɱܣھбɱ˱̴ѣѪģȾա
ͬߣȻûôˣϫûиһ˿ĿܣֱӱУͷĨɱ׻Ϊޡ
ȻһУϫͬս
ˣ׵λǿڱ
һƬѻȸճƵֱ
ɱи޺֣Ӥɰ̫ܵˣ̤ϼ̨ʩչ츳ͨѣͱɱüֱ˶Ӧ
һУӳĵóϫսˣֱ޼᲻ݵĸս㣬ָ޲ˣ
𺳣ôҮһ˵ɫ
˵иԴϣô֣ӤɽԶԾУϫѹɱ
ΪߵĹһǽ޷ɱĻָҲڳϫսǰʧȥƣ
һ
ޱȵУϫĮڣǿ˵Ҫһɱȫˡ
Ű
ҮһҧɫĿȫ˳ϫϣŭ
һ̣ҲϫǰԵǿƵ̬ȳ׼ŭ
ôһưˣ˵ЩѾˣ
ϫ
һ԰Үһ˶ԣֱһ裬ʱЩ΢ĴڣҲҶ㼥ˣ

һͷɫ͵Ӧ̤޳⣬Ʈһһɫꡣ
Ӧ£˴ӣ
һ˵ͳٿȻȼշٻ¶һ㷺Ž塣
ģɣŵ򾳱ԴսҵθڣɱҼȡġƻ
ͬʱһ̤
Щ΢ϣвɱҹһ
Ҳ
Ȼѱ׼ŭ޷֮ǰǰ޶ԡ
ڴˣϫֱӣûֻǵĮڣظ֣һ
̬ȣֻֿǣ밢ҮһУȴˡƣǻɱӿҪ಻ס
ʯǼˣԶһޱȡ
ӽսʼ߲ʧ½һһͬ飬ʮңԶ֮
񣬳ϫʤֱƼհ㣬һɨͷѪš
ˣҮǲײ鴤һ£кâʢԥ˾ϡ



1953 
Үһǿ԰ŭ𣬳Ӧ𽣬ȥɱ˴ⲡ
һͷɫ͵Ӧޱѵ仰ܾˡ
ǰУƮ裬ͨ巢Ŀ⣬һһֲַȻ֮
ɱ
۹״ȣҪӦʩչֶΣɱϫ
ӦһڹеĵλԺܸߣٹ׽Զ¶֮ɫ
ϫ̨ϣĿ䣬Ůӱƽ
֮ǰǰ˴ŮУԷսǿ󣬽ֿȭԺ
ڲٻغϵʱһƿüģҰܱ
ڴʱĳϫӦ֮֡иޡӤҪǿһЩ
Ӧⲽգ޳ӰɫԹţʢĿʥϣƼΪˡ
Ĳձ飬¡¡죬ؼƮһɫ䣬һ£ӳ죡
֮ǰԾʱͬһ̵ӦȻչ¶ܣⲽߣӳ£أһɲĲߴ³
ɱȤϧ˺ҷ壬ֻܰøʹˡ
Ӧ𽸦һֱ̨̤ӿڣ䵭Į죬˵һѰС¡
ϫǷһĨĪȣˣﶼ޷ԼˣŮȴԳƺԼ˷壬ʵЦ
ϫСģŮǹһеᣬʥѪȻӵв˼ϴͨ
ȻϳɫأƴӦϳʲô
᣿
ϫƾһ塱֪䲻
ߣû뵽֪ĿɱȱҪö࣬Ӧҹһġʥ塯ӵйߵ֮һӦϡһԪǵЩңҲ޷Ӧĳ
ҮЦ͸һĨ
ӦϡϸԪסʥĺ᣿
ɫ΢䣬óء
һжóϫʶӦƺԼлҪǿһЩ
һվϸԪţԳϫ̫翣𶯡
ȥҫվȥˣʥҲϸԪС
ϫȻɲᱻһ翵ĴŸסˡ
󵨣
ٺ۹׺ȳ⣬ԣʥƺŶЩ壬κ˲
ϫĻһĪð
ͳ仰ձ
Ӧâ䳹ǡ
䣡
δ£Ӧ̤ӰɱʵʵɱΪһƬɫɱϫ
жɴ䣬ʱһ˵ϣָ֮䣬ƹЮһƬǿգſɲ
ৣ
ϫֱֽ֮ӲӰŲʱڤҡϣЮ纣֮ƣΰ˼֮УǶ

һ쳹ӦĹ飬ɢ޾Ȼԡ
ţ
Ү͵һУϳϫںܾ֮ǰҲٴԨ֮£Ҳ⣬Ӳƾյ츳ͨӳٴԨϹ
Ȼ޷ϵĽɵȴΪԹһӳٴԨĴڡ
ƾģ
񵱰ҮϳϫʩչĺȻͨʱԲЩɡ
һѵҲϵɣ

ϣ
һ֮Ӧɣһɫǹâ֣ǹӳֳһͼڣʢ
óϫһݣһɲǣͲһɫǹܲѰӵйĪ֮
Ҷ治
Ӧ̤գΧձ飬ֳһԷâɱ졣
һɲǣһǹ𵴣ɫŤ
һԪĶѣҫѲ٣ѲЩ˵£
ϫɫȻûһ˿η塣

Ӧŭһǹƿգݺݴ̳
¡¡
һɲǣԶӲӵǹӰµձâƣƿɲ˼¡
һʵˣһ㹥ɱȣһֶΣһָ֣
ˡ
ٿȻϫת֮䣬ſһԲĻ
ĽԲʽ
ֻͬؾ֮󣬱ԲʽԲ磬һԲĻϽ¸ѭһķ֯Уӳֳһֺ
أ
ЩɫǹâɱɱڻԲĻϣһܼİײ
ܶɫǹâ촷ۣɢ಻ɱȻĿ³٣ɱ
䣡
ֱԲĻʼҶҪѰ㡣
ˣٺ۹׽Զ¶Цݣȳ
ã
ɱ˴ӣ
ϴ֮ͨâ£СҲˣ
Ȼսķչϡ
ֱϫһԲĻҲû𣬷һ̶ޱȵĽһ˵ɫâĿⶼʹ
䣡
һ̣ǻԲĻ㻯ΪһĨµɫâͻȻͬը㡣
ӦеĹȫһ飬Ĩ
ãһղŵķҵĹȫͷ˳
ӦͫһףղһĻ֧ŲסŬԼĹ
ʱһһĨɫâֹ̻ųϫ̻֮ǰĹ֮˿̻һɱƼֱ޷
ۣ
һ˲䣬Ӧ˾ͱɣѪȻ͵زһ£
ôܣ
Үһ˻һ
⣿
ԭΪϫĵʯǶʱĿɿڴ
ͣҲҴԲѣֲ˻ᱻϸԪС
Ӧӹɺǿ󣬿Ҳܲסϫȼˣҧٴγǿ
ৣ
һΣȴǳϫȳգɱԵðԵ֮
ɱ
ӦӶǹ֮âϫǱߺɱɲޱȡ
ȻһйѵסϫÿһնԷն𣬿޼᲻ݡ
أ
գӦֵסٴαԡѪɷס
ôܣ
Ӧһڸжһ˿֣̿ζ̫ɲֻʱŻᷢսԤлҪˡ
䣡
Ƭ̺ӦֱѪֹͷɢݲҰޱȣһ˿֮ǰʥϡ
һҪʧˡ
ĮУϫ罣еۻʣ̤н籡ҫƥϽâ
Ѿһнս
ϣɱӦ𽣬ЩͬҲɣ
ҲڴʱҮޱȵ
ϫȻŤͷͿǰҮ֪ʱѱܵĿȻҹǰ
Үֳһָ˿Ȼǣвʮ㣡
ǡȻû
ĿһĻϫȴظڸȷţԼ֮ǰ²ǰ㣬ĿȻǣδȥ


1954 Ѫͫħ
ӿȻҹ½Ұܱ֮󣬾ͱƾУ֪
հҮ˵ҪһĻȻŻȡһжȡЩϹ޵ߵˡ
νȡˣҲǰȡϵ򡢾ǡ
ʱϫǸ޷жϣȻǾǻ
˿̣ҮÿȻǵвʱϫŸȷţȻǵȷû
ԣһϢ£Ϣ̸ʲôϲ
ΪͲһӦͽڳϫУ
ʱвԳϫսԣԵ֮

գϫһֻ俴ҮȷҪвң
ƽ޸鲨ڰҮУȴûɲһ˿¶
ЦЦⲻвֻһֽ
˶٣ҮӦҲˣûгɱЩͬ飬£ٶԱЩɱĿɾЩ˵ȥˡ
ϫ۾ô˵ĽǣսʤΣҶɱЩˣ
飡
ʣðҮƤҲ鴤һ£ޱǰ첻ֻɱЩͬˣ
ɣ
սĹΨзֳʤһܴ˵İ취ʱֳܷ
ҮвʯޥԶŭɫ޵סг
һʵ̫ˣڹؼʱ̴˳ϫĽÿȻǵвֱ޳ܵ˼¡
ڴˣҮȴƻ벻⣬˹ģսȻǿԷֳġ
ڽսУϫһʧأ
ʯס
Ȼᱻɱ
Үԥ˵ЦˣζԾûйƽԣɱǣʱѱĨɱˣɿȻ᣿
Դǲ죬ݲȡ
ʯУȴԵÿɶ֪ܣֱӵ˼£
ʯ˵
ԷɱϫϫȴɱԷ
ֱ̫ˣ
ãҴӦ㣡
һֱĬĳϫȻڣֹסʯǣǲٶԡ
ϫԸЩޱȵ飬ٶ˵Ҳá
Ӣ
ҮƴЦϫӵģһĳ졣
һ̣Ц
䣡
ֻ̨ϣϫӰ͵һָ磬Ӧ⧲֮סĲݺ
ϫ㡭
ҮȻŭΪϫҪڡ
صһȴϫһףƵİӦ𽶪ʯߡ
סȥ׹ǣ
ϫɿ촫
һ£ʯ˳ϫע⣬ȻҪ֮֮ЩǿߣԷҲҺ
һĻȻðҮ־ŭȴǰһӦû㹻ˣ

һսӦҰܱܣ
ѾǰڳϫеĵλǿߣӦ𽲻ͬǣλѱУΪޣ޷
Σһϵбʶ԰Үһ˶ԣһޱȵĴ
Ǻϫ˾򾳱ԴҲӵսƫƫأ߳ǿߣȴһһҰڳϫ֡
ǲǿǳϫս̫޷ȣ
һ
ܿ죬ϫĮٴ㣬ҮǽԶŭܵһǰδеƣȴһľ
֮ǰϫѲֹһ˵һʱǿ߶Դ֮ԱǣΪϫ֪
ͬˣĳԾԶԳϫսʤգȳս˭С
һµ޵ߣ
ɺޣƣٲȻҵȷУʵŰ
ӵһ㷺ŽĹǿҧɭȻһֱ붯֣йˣΪɵϫ
ӦʥᶼҰܣʵס˲ٹǿߡ
ֻϹ֣ȴ̨ӦսǱƸεˣ
ԶʯЦ
ȷȻûгȥټӳϫ½ȡʤ֮ʯҲܹ裬֮ǰǰѹ֡
ȳʱ֮䣬Щǿɫ
һֻϰĴƣĪľ𣿡
ҮɫȻһƺڰеħ񣬻ĮȻδȴľѡ
Щǿ߽Զһɫò

һ̤һûΪһɸߣͨ彡˶ɽѪɫͫĹ
첲ϲڴִһѪܵİ׹ݣԵޱȣԨ֮µħ㡣
һѪɫͫУֳʬɽѪľ󣬻𲻶
Ǹ֣
ϫɨһۣ£֪ԷӦñӦҪһЩɳȡ
Ѫͫħ׺ᣡ
üɿ촫ϫһƿһֲ˼Ŀɲͨƻ̺֮ϸԪġƻ׵壬ǧҪСģһƻûлָĿܣ
ƻ׵
ϫ
ĿħĹǿ߳׽Զһ¶һĨɡ
ΪֻҪ˳ǰ㡣
ΨҮüģһ˲
ţ
Щǿ߶ʱסѵҮΪƻ֮ġѪͫħסĳκβǳϫ
ʯǶЩ⣬ƻȻû뵽Үһ̾˱ؽ֮ǰǰ
ġĹǿ߳ҮˣĪҲģ
ҮҡͷĮȻǿ㣬ʱСǳϫ
˵ţ̧һָԱһˣڣһȥɱСӣ
һ䣬ʱóϫüͷһ壬һϣ
ɣչƣ̨ϿֻһһսѵҪƻ򣿡
ʯ̲ס
ʱǱڵĺ˹ժͷϵĶȻСϵĺۣչһ֫ͷȻҮ˽СģҰҲûв֮
һ࿡꣬ӵһͷȻ̫Ľ𷢣ƤʯǹһĨ޺Цݡ
˿һ޺ӣȻûһ˿ֵļơ
ɵ֣ԭЩġѪͫħסҲʱ졣
ƻսĹ򣿺ǺǣƵ
ʱ򣬰Үд󶨣Ц۾һǿɲһս
˵ʱԱߵİҲȻҲЦЦӰһΪһ׹⣬ٿȻ뵽ڡ
䣡
һɲǣħϣӿһɿɲޱȵĴɫ棬ֱնٻΪޡ
ͬʱǿļһ࣬ӲһԴݿ𷢲ȻǺЦȻǰڡ
ԶԶȥ÷·Դһ㣬һѪɫͫħһſʥ࣬޺͸һɴζ
ƶ˫ǣһǣ
ѵõǣ˵Ϣںһ𣬻ͻ໥ӦȻһء
һĻʯʱסΪΰҮ˵ղǷ
ǿߣһ˲϶Ϊһ
⻹Ǽ򵥵ںϣ֪˻ĺͰԭһˣֻ꣡
Ҳ̫˼飬Ϲġ塱֮Ҫˡ
ϫһĻЩ⣬ܹܵĺͰڵѾ϶Ϊһһˣƫƫֲǰ򵥣͸һɹصζ
ϫЦû뵽Щ黹ȻҲãһҲɱҲɱϲûʲô𡣡
Үһ˽ԶŭĿ¶ɱһԽԽˣѵΪԼȡʤ
ǺǣȤҮˣǰҪ˵ã˴ⲣ˽Ұڵġ
ڵͷ­зһЦŤͷŽߵģ𣿡
ɫ³֣ûУ
ã
Цһ̣ͿһħӴ󲽶
䣡䣡
ÿһ̤һƬ۽İɫ棬նٻΪһɫɢƻ֮
̨̤ʱǵѷڵ˼£ɫ䣬γңһƬҡ
Ȼһ˲Ĺ
ˣϫ䳰һ䡣
һ仰ҮǵɫԶһͣŭգĶֱˡ
ɱ
һ̣ںĶϻһŭɱ
䣡
ͿһͫһƬѪɫâһƬưѪʰ㣬ƻһС
ձƻǧٿף޷ָһжֳһִƻļ
ϫһУǡƻ׵Ȼԣһƻ޷ٻָ
ϫ£ſվͷϽۺգʱ򷨲֣죬γһ񻷣
ս֮
ৣ
ͬʱֳֽӰȻԭʧһ̣˶ǰеɱ¡
䣡
ʩչһƬѪɫâһӲƿɢ
ɻȳϫһþǰڴ͵طһȣ
һɲǣĵһƬڵİɫ۽أγɰɫľΣĴ񷣬֮
ԶԶȥһƬɫ۽ϯ죡
ϫһɲǾͱУ˷İɫ˼л



1955 Ʋɵ
ɫ۽Ϊ𺣣أʢɲ
¡¡
һһϯݺݴ˷ϫ
ʯɫһ䣬ǳϫҲЩ죬û뵽ĺͰڵ֣Գ˹صܡ
УѰٲԷټ
أ
ϫâƥ߾ܣ۽ϣ캣ˣ޷ҲδΧѹס

ϫȣнѸɱǽؾƷӵ£ֱҪһƬ۽顣

ͻȻִڵڿն𣬷Ĺһ˲㽫һƬ֣ϫҲ֮С
ǡƻ֮ԡѪͫħסĵ洫ͨƻ
ͨӵв˼ƻһմȾƻ޷޸˵ǿɲޱȡ
䣡
ϧ˳ϫƻ֮һڳϫգͱһϽɫ񻷵ס
Ͻɫֳϫս֮
һɲǣ֮ս֮ײһɿɲ籩ϯ˷
ܹǡƻ֮һѡջΪޣʧ
Ȼڴϣƻ֮սĶ֣޷
ðҮһȻʶսǿȫǵ
ʯҲֲ࣬ս֮ᱻɣȷ죬̡
ɱ
ϫǿʢս壬Ͻ뵣ٲȻսʤĸһɨ˻ġ
ܿ죬һƬɫ۽Ȼ飬ײƽʧ
ͬʱĺͰڹõһħ帡֣ĵ˲ֹɫԶò
Ȼͬû뵽֮£ûκγϫ
䣡
ϫ˿̸ûκηϻ̤٣ɱʮ
ǵƣ˵Ǹ춯أ
ۣ
ûãĺͰشǧٿףѪֹһƬʶŭĲҽУϫһѹ£
ʯǡ
һȡʤϫһѰ㣬һŽĺͰ߷ɳ̨ʯ

ĺͰֲҰܣ
һԾҮһɫ˼£󣬾֡
ôܣ
ôôǿ
ǿĺͰ֣ȻҲκβһսļһ
ҮǴԴҲ벻ס
š
ӿս񣬳ϫǱ½Ұĳλͬ飬ɴӵ峡Ծʼϫû
иޡ֡Ӥ߱ɱӦ𽡢ڡ߱ܡʧ֮ѾȳϫǱ߸أ
һ
ϫ̨ϣɫĮ顣
ϤƮأ밢Үһ˶УȴԵ̶֮ɫ
ֹ֣һεس֣ÿһζȫֱͬʱģһ־ԵţһҪһ˺ɨ˷еľģ
ðҮһ˸еŭһޱȵĳ裬ܵһǰδеļ̤
һȥս޷ܴⲣҲһ޷ܣҲصģЩڣҶº֡
ҮһǿԼ侲ɿ촫ǿߡ
ڱʵʱһɱӣ׽һս
˵͸һĨɱ
Щǿ߽ԶһɫнԶһĨȻͷӦʡ
ƺɰҮĻһҲԿǶ԰Үʵ;һ־Եš
ȻǰսУʧһжδ¹˭֣δ֪
䣡
һһǹӥ۱̷һԽɫ˫ӡ
ס磡
ৣ
Ӱ磬һ̨̤ʩչɫ˫ʢԣ˸ŲƣƮ
ٶȼ죬˼飬磬ÿһη֮󣬱ٿȻܶȥٲȻһɲù޹ļơ
ȻȡĲԺܼ򵥣Ǿǲȡսԣͳϫһս
츳ͨΪһһʩչƾĿ⣬ټ޷Ӱ
Ϊٶ̫ˣ
Ŀ죡
Ҳսʱţ޷ͳϫԿǲȡ֮ûܹκԼ
ĿһĻðҮҲͷ֪ȡĲԣǵѡ
ϧȴʧˣΪĶֺͬ
ȷϫƾ۾Զ޷ԷɱˣϫӵһִԺͼеƣ
ڽƵĲ׽£˵ǶԷӰϢᱻ˺ֵס
䣡
ʶһսûãϫץסᣬһնɱӿȣ嫼촷һ赲Ӳϡ
أ
׻űƿһѪܵĿ˾ǱһĨӲ˵ϣ
һ
ϫ³ĸ֣̽һץͽԷץ˦׷ɳȥ
һԾǽƬ֮䣡
ҮʱѲˣеһ־㤺Ȼ۾ԲŰ㡣
һĸѾĸսˣɱ飬˰˳ϫС
Զʯ˹͸һĨֻڹ̼Է

һβȳϫڣһǿ߰಻סеŭ𣬷Ȼս
һˮ飬ˮۣԵüΪء
ǡˮסĽȫһΪˮ׵ˮϢѱɱ
¡¡
ĽΪһˮУѹʱնſɲϢϯƬ̨
䣡
һɲǣͱϫĽ飬Ϊˮ飬ɺܿںһ𣬼ɱΪ˼顣
ǡסи޵֮ͨͬԶɱĪ⡣
μƻ˳ʩչϹ㽫Ϊĩ֮أ޵߶£ɱᣬ
һ߳ɱĽһųϫľ뼤ŭҡ
𣡡
ϫɫ䣬һʧԭأһ̣һϽְ˷ϡ
ϫƺŭˣ
ʯԾ
ϫȷŭˣЩˣֱ˿أЩϹ޵ߣūֱͣˡ
䣡
ò˵Ľͨǿ䱻Щһ˲飬ɺܿ»ָ
ʹս֮ϫԿɽһУΪ˿Ȼǵİȫ޷ɱ֡
ĽվܵӰ졣
սȷܿɲȴƫƫûã
ĽЦЦúܲΪȾ£ϫҪԼѼǲܡ

ͻȻһλðĴڿն𣬽˷֡
ǣ
Ľͫһ
Ӧͱϫһˮ飬ЩˮںϻָͱһŴȫס
󡪡
ݺһգ


1956 
λðĴȻǴ
һУĽָƾҲ޷Ӵѡ

ŴĽڸܵ˾֣ĴУ͸ŨŨĲʡ
ŻΪһϸСˮͼӴܣǣͭǽڰ㣬ܲɲһгԶͽ͡
䣡
գһھĿע£ĽӲǴΪһȭͷСˮ򣬶󱻳ϫݺݶ˳ȥʯ
ˣĽҲҰܣ
һ
ϫɱƣԼɱģԣŲȴһɰµš
ϫٴԨУҲעУοٸ翹ȥ
һͳдԵһӳӰһͻΪһȶˣѩףޱȵŮӡ
üӡһƿգ롱ͼϵͼڴ㣬ϼ
ϫŮ򵥣ϢĺͰֶҪǿһ
ӦòһԪߵ˾ͷĩ֮վ£ʱһж㣬鲻棬ΨǹһܹӴȥ
Ů˲δżսһֶصɤ쿪ڣںǶԿ̫ǡ
ҮüЩãղδֹһС
Σ
ϫǷһĨм
㲻ǹһܹϸԪĸӴȻһС
ŮɫƽԵú̹ϣڣҿһᣬֻҪͶǣֹٴԨлԺĩ٣ҲԱܿԪ֮٣ҹһһبųȥ
ϫȻЩԷڴ˿̻Ȱ
Цҵ˿ɴӲύиκˣ
ϫοɱЩҪΪµˣǻŻʲôԣ
Ůҡͷ̾ϢˣҲûףԪжֲǴƣ赲Ԫǰ˵㣬˶޷ʱͲΣˡ
˶٣֮ǰҲһĩ֮ţ֪һζʲô
ϫüЩ㲻Ů˾Ҫˣʲôˡ
˵ˣԪٲ޷ֵ
ڴʱȻΪԪûгֵռ֮·ؽһԪУֻҪ̤ռͷԻһжѣȫµļԪ֮
ռ֮·
һԪУ
ԣֹǳϫЩ˶һɫ죬˼
˵ġ
ŮһʱϹҲûһ˰쵽һ𣿡
ɫһвԺû˿԰쵽֪弫еһЩϴڣѴһżˣ
ܣ
οڵģȴǰҮɫ䣬͸ŲмϹһǧأȷЩνϴڸһ˰쵽һ
ȥ𣿡Ϸʡ
磿
ҮһȻЦǵĵطϹ֮һ磬Ѿ˷
硭
һ̣ϫҲһ̫š
ûȥԣ㲻
˵⣬㲻ٶԡ
ߣ
ҮмߣΪڹŪ飬Դƭǡ
ϫɿΪָ·ҪΨһĻᡣ
ʱޱȵŮҲٴοڡ
ҿˡ
ϫɫĮȻ
ˣŮüͷһ壬ʵأ
ɱЩˣȥνļԪǷУ
ϫ̤һƽ𶯹ѣӳһɲѷ졣
治ٿһ£
ŮӼ׷ʡ
ϫжش
䣡
һĨڿգͻͳʢ϶顣

ŮȹҡٿȻһɫ٣ӣÿһ㣬̴գϫ︲ǡ
츳ͨ콣ǧǵأޱȣƬնըױ
ϫת籧̫ٿȻγһУϽУɱɡ
ԭЩ콣ɲգÿһУ޷
ڸһ֣ͱϫƵٽԶн촷ۣɲıը
¡¡
죬ˡ
ôೡսսǿ
Ү˾ɣľͳ
ۣ
Ƭ̺ŮӿпѪӰģܵˡ
ϫ̤գʢ֣̫ͬһսʣ赲
ͣ
ŮӺ촽طһɬХ
һɲǣƽһ糣Ҳûиеκ쳣ɳϫȴоüһʹ类һĨصҪ㣬ӰҲ֮һ͡
ͣ
ˣŮХңһһΪһε֮Уƥϳϫꡣ
ֱ̫ͨɲʣضˣԵֵ
ϫüӰ΢΢ӲͣУ˿Уаһ㡣
Ĭϵġ䡯ǿˡ
ҮǼˣԶһ
֮ǰϫսˣʲôֶҲκβðҮǶԽܡ
񿴼ϫڰĬϵ깥³Ա񣬰Үɿܲˡ
͡͡͡
ĬĿܴȾʱʤ׷вϷɬɢȥ
ʯǽԶɫ䣬޷֪ǰĬ깥ĿɲɵϫǴͽӲӰʱǾϫµĴƺЩ
Уɱ꣬ɲΰ㣬޷
ǰĬҲΪϿڷ䣬һҲǱɷ͸亹ʪ
ĬƴҪһսһٻܳϫ
һ۹׷ɿ
ˣǸã
ҮѷһĨοȣȲҪϫɱ
ûãϫüٿȻѪӲʯһ
ৣ
ĿһĻԭѿҪ֧ŲסİĬȻһĨ
һ̣ӰһָиֳһȻĿ٣ϢسϫϮ
Ŀֱָ꣬ʺ
ʯһסгҪѳϫ
䣡
ɾʱͻȻ֮䣬ϫ͵н֪ʱ𣬺ɨȥ
صһ죬Ĭը飬˸类籩ϮݺݵɳȥпѪֹȾ
ȫȻš
̫ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽ȹؼʱ̣ϫǴ״̬зӦһش˰Ĭϡ
ⲻܣ
ĬϵļУ͸ޱȵĲʺ;
Ͳ֪һжֻǳϫΪ֮ǵȷɲκγϫ꼫ΪǿнƷԺϫһ˿
ϫüһѪգǳϫʩչ۷

һ̣ϫüĿ磬飬һӲǰĬķɳȥʯǰͷ֪˶ٸʱͻ˹ȥ



1957 ս޲
ĬϱܣҲζŹһߣо˰˳ϫУ
Ÿ
ֺѰɴ˿ȴһħ㣬ȫ
һʱ֮䣬ȫյսһƬž˶УǸսʰ㲻ƥеӡ
ϫɱǿߣλһ˺ɨȫս޲ˣ
ǷϹ򣬾Կһ䶯¡
ɺޣ
йǿ߳ҧ˫ȭָ߬ڷף޲Ĩɱϫ
ǣпޱȵʵǰϫս̫ˣ޷û˸ұ֤Ը
ʯܣϴǴ˿ҲһĨȻɡ

һΣϫĻ˵һеȴһ
㣬ݺݴЩǿ߶Ĥһһ裬һƵķŭ
ֿɽֻһˣȴᵲ޿ƥУνܵˣ
ȳ֣ԵüΪ̶ˡ
ϫ£ɨӰҮһˣɫĮȻȴһڸһֳǵӺĮ
һõðҮƲסüһĨɫ֮
ôǲǸеܱߺޣ
ϫǷһĨƾ̤ͣƽһԪӺͼ̤޵ߵϣʵЦ֪飬ҲŵУ޷
ƽĮȳȫйǿߡ
һ̣ϫкȻȥױ۾ЩŵһС
ǳΪͻһ㣬Щץ
ϵ򣬻ᱻᣡ
ϵľ񣬻ᱻɣ
ǵǣҲᱻãΪ˲ħĹ޷ȥ
ױ۾͸ޱȺ;ٴλͷϫɱʢ
࣬ı죡
ЩϸԪӴĹˣԲᣬϹ޵Ϊϣͼ£߸Ԫ
ȰػģΨ²ҵ飬ϫɿܱƽˣ
޲ھͽЩȫɱ
ϫ
ϫǳⲻмĺȳҮŭˣ뷢ͫڣֱҪٻ졣

ϫȻⰢҮǷŭ̬֮ȡ
һɱ˼£˶ΪҮ಻סˣͽ֡
Ȼһ̣ҮҲ֪ʲôϣĬΣǺȻЦЦʵڿЦѳɣң㣬Ԫ飬һгɿգ
ʲôˣʲôƣͳͳܣһֻ̣Ҫɱȫ㹻ˣ
ϫǿޱȡ
ϰĶΪŤתǬˣȱʱʲôв࣡
ҮЦȴޱȡ
˵ţһӣȻתǽʣǿߣձ֮ǰ˵ģһȥսƵ˭Ҳκβôⲣ᲻ϧһɱ
˷һϫüͷüһζñǹһķ񣿡
뼤ŭҮȳ׽һ
ϧҮȴȻ㣬һԵüΪ侲ִٶ෢һ
óϫԼоҮ͸һεζѵһԥʲô
ɱ㣡

ȳϫ˼ף½дЩһţɲηս
գһͨ棬ϼһ̫ӳʮֲãҫޱȡ
ɱ
̩بԡסһ𣬷󺣣
һ̨̤㺷Ȼ˻Ϊһλεգ棬Ҫϫٻ
ò˵̩بǿ֡Ĭ϶ѶãϳϫȴԲһ
յ蹦
䣡
һĨҫ۽âգӲ̩بǻ˶ɳȥҰܱܡ

ϫһ
ҮƳ׳Ϊ˾ˣԹۣĮȻ˭ҲоЩʲô
ҮԱЩǿߣҲ˾ģټɵŰҮķԸһǰս

ʮһ
ưԣչסᡣ
ͨ̽𣬱һͭףױӡܵƣ쳣Ŀ·̺ϡ
˫ִӲ
óģȴǷ
仰˵Ϊչסһĺᣬưǿ츳֮ͨ
ڳ֮УܹưԵķģҲһ
սʱưԵȷһ㷢ӵ쾡£ϫһɱнԶ޹
գưǰˡ
ϫԽɱǧٴΣÿһζڹһطӲƿһ壬޷

ʮ
Ѯ޾̣һԡѪסһǿߡ
̬Σһͷɫͬ֬ʯһƯޱȵĽɫ
һ渲һ͸ѪɫѭһѪɫ磬֯棬
Ѯ޾̵ٶȺܿ죬ƥһԽɫӵһֲ˼ܹͨһй˲˿
Źȥյ蹦򣬳ϫͽܣõսֶκܼ򵥴ֱ䱦ͭǮסԷ˫ǯסԷһӲһ˺ѪѮ޾̵Ͳҽл˹ȥ

ʮ
ҹκۣһԡڤסһĺᡣ
һ󣬱ϫ˫ۣըһͱղҰܱܡ

ʮĳ

һԾݣսԽԽңЩǿ߸ʹ˻ϧƴ
գ½޲Ұܡ
̫ǳϫֵ̫졣
˭Ҳ޷һս֮󣬳ϫܱŽ۷սȻûһ˿Ĺ˥ļ
ЩǿԳϫʱԶһԺľУ֮
ǿǴϸԪӴĹףһ˸ŽĿֲڣ
ƫƫأȴϫһˣһɱòҰʯǶֻˡ
ϾһжԵ̫ף
ɴҲԿ˵Ÿս֮ɳϫսȴѴﵽһĿĸ߶ȡ

ʮ峡
һֻ߸ߣǶͯס
ˮ壬ԡסһƿСͨһһ򷨣
̨֣ϵӰǧ⻯ټ٣ʵʵĪ⡣
սֶҲΪˣƿ׵ǳϫսѲһ֡
սУϫҲһСĿ˺ۣƤϵ
գƾƵϫץסᣬһشԷ壬Ұܱܡ
ˣһʮֲڣԶҰڳϫһ֣֮нʣ°Үһˣ
սѿǱǧԺţ


1958 Ԫ֮
ʮλǿ߲Ұܣ
ĿһһսĻʯѴԭȵ𾪱ЩľѲе档
̫ǿˣ
ϫһˣһΪ̨ϲɺһ羰ȫ
֮ǰֻ˭Ҳ벻ĳ
ϾϫҲֻһڶѣۼΪŲһǵ۾Ρ
ƫƫ£һһȡʤһһνԷܣһжԵ̫˼
ǴϹֻ¶û˸ˡ
ֻܿڳϫĹԣֻгϫԼܹӵսΪ˸˶ٵļŬ
ҫı̫¶͸
Ŀһзһ̵İҮǺ侲ĬˣȻûһ˿ķŭʡ
ֱֺܷ˵ҮԤϵᷢ飬ʶеԾ
ϫûЩսʤģͯӰˮ֮Ŀ˰ҮϣɫĮ
һʱЩ˿ڡ
ʯǿ˿ϫֿ˿ԶİҮĪرЩš
ΪֻܰҮһжǡҮô׻ܵģ
ΪЩǿߵ죬ҮһֱԵز¶ǴʱҲδ¶پ˵Ϣ
ԽԽ˾ģС
ϸҮð䡰ӡʱѲֹһεĺͳϫսÿһζʧܸա
ʯҲǡӡֻǰҮһݷѣڰҮŵ֮Ѳǡӡ
ֹں˱ΪЩǿߵ죬Ѱɱȣ
ʶ¾ͽֻʣ°ҮһˣʯҲκηɣ෴ΪҮͳϫսõҲýţܵһѹ֡
϶⡣
۵ʱϾͿ˰ҮĲѰֱ֮ŵأٵ԰ҮɸеЩ͸Է
¼ͨͨ޷ŵҮϸһжϾ裬Ҵ⡣
һԾʼǰһֱ룬֮о˭˸ʺϱ񣬱ȷϣֻҪɱϫ˰ᣬΪãصȵ¸Ԫ̤ռ֮ͷˣ
ĬƬ̣ҮȻڣɫƽĮԶ̨ϵĳϫںһ㣬ͱˡ
ϫüĪҲս֮ǰȷϻһҿûȤ㳤ƪۡ
Үȴƻ벻⣬ѵͲ֪Ϊα϶Կĩ֮ţ
ϫһȴ𻰡
ҮȴԹԵܼ򵥣ӵкͼζѴͬ
ͼ
ʯǽԶȻǵѾ֪ϫӵкͼҲˣŻᱻ̫Ͻ˳ӣ޲ýɱ
ɴʱҮ˵ƺںͼ飿
ȴʲô촽˶ƺЩ޷ȷδԡ
Թ˲ֹһμԪ٣ݱ֪һԪ֮ǰа˸ԪѸһա
Ү˫ָû̸йغͼĻ⣬ǵӦÿһԪһһ־õֻظִ֮£ƾΪͨ죬Ա֮ҲվڼԪУײ档
˶٣ΪÿһԪɱ븲𣿺ܼ򵥣ΪЩԪУܹ̤ռͷ
ռľͷʲô
˭Ҳ֪
ռ֮·ȴǴڵģ
һ㲻ֹǳϫڳʯҲȷ
ֻǻȻû뵽ÿһμԪ𣬾Ǻһռ֮·йأ
Ȼ˵ЩԵú翣ֹǣ޷ȷǷˡҹһɿܻ䵽زɿܻһԪ֣
ҮȻһ̾Щ
ϫü㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
ɲͰҮ̽ʲôԪ٣ʲôռͷЩڵ޹ء
οҮĵˣ
ϫûȤͶԷ̽Щ
ܼ򵥡
ҮɫһϫһĨ֮ɫΪÿһԪ֮ǰǺͼӵߴһĩ֮ţ
˶٣֮ÿһԪĵߣԶԺͼӵߣ
ʲô
ʯȻһɲ
⴫ǻͷһֱ̫ˣ
ǳϫ˿Ҳݺһüͷ塣
ˣνġԪӦߡӦٶԤĩʱ٣
Үһһ٣ƣųϫ͸һĪĿȣڣܸױΪλ᲻ϧһдۣ뵽ٴԨ˰ɣΪֻ㣬ܿĩ֮ţܽĩƽٴϹ򣬴ӶһԪ
ϫȷţԷ˵ĲǼٻȴɸеΪЦ
Ϊ֪ԼɲǵһúͼƬĴڣ֮ǰɽ֮ˡç֮ҲԶǺͼߡ
簢Үԣζŷ˺ҲǼԪӦˣ
ҪǣϫɲûлһͼƬ̸֮ϸϵĺͼߣ
£ҮԵһУԳϫԶΣζ
ʯǣסһ𺳡
ƿ˳ϫ˼ҮЦ˸㣬ÿһԪؽ־λԪӦߣţ֮ζ֮ޣԪУζһԪľͷϫǵھλԪӦߣһĩ֮򿪣ϲԶӦ
ϫüĬԡ
ʯɲǲҮΪδʱҪ˵ЩȴԼжϣҮƺûбҪʱŪ顭
ֵǣϣ˺ԪӦ߽ԶȫͬϢĪ⣬㻹ӵս⣬κμԪӦ߶޷ӵеġ
һ̣ҮҲüƺѲкܾãսסڴ˿˵
˵ˣ
ϫ俪ڣһδٲ
˵ˡ
ҮЦΣȻ᱾ɱ㣬֮󣬱ܹ߱һУʱǼԪӦߣԽĩ֮ڣȥİأ
˵ѱһĨεɱޱȡ
Ǿһս
ϫޱ顣
ս֮ǰǻҪһס
Үҡͷ
ʲôף
ϫ
ѱЩ·ˣҲЩͬ黹ȥ
ҮָԱ߱ĿȻǣ˵
ã
ϫ룬Ӧʮ˻ȻˣҲֵˡ
ڳϫȻǵҪЩǧٱ
ǳϫԴ̬ͬȣ񣬴δıҲֱԣΪӮεյѣ
һΣǰҮǳϫûڽʱʲôֽţսȻǾȻأʯǿ
ҮҲͬȻЩǿߡ
һԶĽһжûн
Ϊս
ֳע˭Ҳ޷ȥ
һʤһսϣ˼ڳϫͰҮ֮һԾС



1959 ʥ

žķΧУҮ̧ţһ̨ȥ
˫ָӰͦ㣬ⲽʱһȻʥڽչһƬʥ嫣ϼ뵣ӳĵս
ˡ
ƬؿʼҮ
ܳҮһɲǱһˣʥ£һֿɡ
ղεƴƬսǣãʥࡣ
ʯȻһ
ҰУҮȷˣڲɱ䣬ÿһһΪ磬̫˼顣
ֱҮʥʥ˫һֲַϡ
ʥ֮ǹһʥĺᣡ
ϻȻϷһĨɫʥϸԪΨһһλﵽװλĿֲڣ֮弫ִ߶й֮޲
ʥ
Ψһף
ԣʯҲ΢΢һ䣬Ļ뵽ⰢҮݾ˺ˣ
ڴˣûϫһ˿ȻģǴ˿̰Үչֳơ
˵֮ǰİҮƾһλһǵ۾ô˿̵ڲͻƣֱѾóϫеһѹٿ͸ǳ
̫ˣ
ϫѲ²⵽ҮЩǿȫͬĻ뵽ӵе˿ɲ
ϫһ̫ΣգǧСģϸԪУҲ֮ͬӰĿɲڣӵŲ˼ܣ
ϴϵõóϫҵ
ѾһսֻҪɱԷ͵ɱ˶Էˣʱ̣ϫԼκһ˿©ˡ
˵ҮʱչֳƼΪɲϫȻ壬ͬһЩɱûʩչ
ˣ
Ү̨̤һ̵Ѫԣÿһ缡籡ʥ⣬֧֮֮һĺ۾˷ϡ
뿰ȾεƣһսνУ
һӣɫ䣬أжϳ˿̰ҮƾѻȻھ
ǵ۾һؿϣǵ֮
ԱȳϫŲոսսٹ죬һ֣ȡʤ
̫ˣ
˴˿ɲֹһΣ˸Σ
⻹ô
һ£ʯҲΪ֮ǰİҮֵ֮ţ֮ݣԭһֱս
ϫȻҲע⵽һ㣬סȻһУ¶һĨء
ڣȻת˶ȼȳϽԣ
һ̵ĳϫٲȻѰԼ߱ʩչ
ɼˣԶİҮʱóϫܵһԵѹ
ǾϵĲɵѹóϫԽһѹ֮ȫ⡣
֪һսҮֻᷢӳεȿɲˡ
ղѹ۲ӵеսϹԺεǿ棬ƴԺн𣬾Կǿѵһֻ¶ҲһԺȼġ
ҮЦڣݵϧ죬ڱУҲ߹һֻѡ
˵ɫѴһĨԵţĻꡣ
ҵȷû뵽ôһսɲ˭˭Ӯ
ϫĬƬ̣ɫǱ侲ޱȣ¶Ȼ֮ǿޱȣȻ塣
˴αɡ
Ү̬ƽһʤȯգµģ
䣡
ѣ񺿡
ҮȻ֣һȭʥϣ̨̫ǿˣԶǿ߿ɱȡ
һ̵İҮһ־ɣŶһȭѣʹһ޵дƣ
ʯɫ䣬ҪϢ
ˣ
ϫ½߾ȫ֮ԿȴӲһȭõɳȥͷѡ
һɲʯǻ׹ߣ⡭Ҳ̫ɲˣ
̫ˣʲôֶξʩչɣòƬ̣˿ɾڱˡ
ҮЦ㣬ȴʥ磬תһ
˵ʱڴ̤ǰָУһ

续˺촷ۣƥʥбŷ¶ʱձϣ޿赲
ϣ
ϫҧ⣬Ͻȼգͼۣҫ죬ؾƷӵ˼ޡ
䣡
ɽһɲǣһͱ飬ֽ㲻һϫʮɽƣٴαݺɳȥпѪɫȻףѪݡ
̫ǿˣ
ֱǾԵѹ
һսνУ
ʯֱĿѣ˫ȭ߬޲óȥͳϫսˡ
̫ˣϫղŵأҲҺͱаô
ҮЦãƣͥŲȴŨŨϷʺͲм
ɵƣ
ϫѪĴ³֣Ӱһɱ

ЮϽâҪǬնˡ
ɵƣ
ҮУƺݺһ
䣡
һʥ⽵٣صһϫ綼һѪϵۣ
λףʲôв࣬ʲô
Үһһ٣ɱء
䣡
̤ʥ䣬ΪʥͼڣһӣǬ
һ̵İҮֱʥһͳԦ޷
ˡ
һ̣ϫҲʶأϢȻһͷڳٿȻѩ˪˵֮ǰǿһ
߱񹦣
ΣͷϫҲϧʩչһһ츳ͨ
ৣ
ٴγѺ֮ǰȫͬǬɱʮһ
ء
Ӳһ̨ϴԾ˴˳ʢޱȣ⻪ûء
ȶԾѳʯܹļ£ѲѰĶԾȫ޵Ŀࡣ
¡¡
춯صıը쳹Ƭͬȼգϯ˷ֱĩսٰ㡣
ˣʯԿŵоԭɤ۵ĻԷɣĿǰʩչ˱֮߱ĳϫǿԺͰҮ⡣
Ǹ̫磬͵شҮһߣһ̡
ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬һʥؼ両֣·ɱ飬ѩĽ£̫ˡ
ƾճ֣ƿڰҮ֣֮ƾƶֱҪǬն֮
أ
һϫ˱ˣнݣиǿѪϡ
һɿ񱩷ƥŰң
˲ı߱񹦣ܹñʥʵܲȰˣǺһ´˹
ҮֽǷһĨ˵ЦݣȻĿһʤȯյģ
׳գ
ϫٴ³֣ɫ԰ףüɳһִּᶨ֮ɫȻ塣
֣ҮƤײس鴤һ£ٶԣʥ̤ʥͼڣֱָϫȥ


1960 췭ظ
䣡
ƿʥ֮󣬰ҮƱǿĲƥУѹһС
ϫԭʩչ߱Ӯõһ˿ƣҲ֮Ȼ޴档
ϱˣɣֻܱϣѪѪ͸
ޱȵģʯǶĿãнƱǵ˼¡
Ү̫ǿˣԭӵпȾܣּһĪʥǵȿɲƼֱ˾
ˣϫƻȻ֪ʹʹܣÿһαٴȻվ֮Ӳ
ѽȴǵȼ׿ģʯǷߺޣӵ˼¡
սҮеЩ⣬ϫֳս־̫ǿˣ޷ݿһ㡣
ҮɹЦЩ
ǳϫԽеĺ֮Ҫһٴݿϫ־׽ϫϼ̤ڽ£䳹ױ䡢ΪԼµı΢
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڰҮľѹ£һһΣϫѪȾգ˺ۣһ˿
־Ʒչȥϫ²Ҳᱻ״ˣ
ô죿
ʯԺһƬհףȻ޴롣
˭Ҳû뵽½ȡһһʤ֮ĳϫһսУҮһ־Ե̬ѹ̫Գܡ

Ҫܹʲôʱ򡣡
ôͱ֮Ĳ࣬ӵкͼΣǵǰҲɣ
ɣǽٴԨҹһĵ̣ڱƿ£û˭ܹҴ棬Ҳ⡣
ҪйϲľˣΪֻŻڰ֮ñӵôһɾ͸С
սҮϳԣԳϫгڿ࣬ԴǼ֮ܡ
һЩʯǶУǶҪը̲ס԰Үк
ɶһУҮţĿϫһֻɱϫ£ܹȤ
սң
һսһʼעһԲƽĶԾ˴սʵ̫ˡ
ֱʱϫݶѪոǣɲΨһɼᶨִ֣ҡ
ûɵأʯǽԶܵһֱ׳Ī޵ֱ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ѵһΡϫҪ
ʯȻһθܵһ;һκ޵һԼ޴Ȼĵز
˺ޣ죡
УʱҮĳһļ̣ʯͷĶҪѡ
ǲ˿̰ҮҲһĨ⡣
ͬû뵽Լľѹ£ϫشɾȻֵܹڣֱ漣һ㡣
ƫƫأҮȴڴʱɱ֡
ΪŪϫΪҪڳϫˣͱƳϫĵķߣݿ־Ĩɱϣ䳹׳Ϊһ
Ψһİ취ֻҪ쵽ܹ˳ڳϫľԼյ
ͽаˡ
ɺȻ˿̳ϫ־ûбݿ壬Ҳûбķδҡ
ðҮҲüеЩ֣ҲƵطһĨŭ
һϹ϶ѣΪһԪĵھŸͼߣʵļԪӦߣվ̫ˣ
һһԼľѹ£ȻֵܹڣðҮܽܵˣ
䣡
ûгɵأҮݣսֶĥϫ
ɣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ʯûɱ˲ͷأⰢҮȴһޱȱӵֶβĥϫֱԭ£
ɰҮĻǵĸܣѱһŭȼգԳϫ֡
ֱϫ˶ֳһѪģ֧״̬ҵ˲Ŀá
ţ
ȻƺʲôȻһĨɫ
ʯǲͬսʱһֱŬ侲עųϫһС
ƺҪһЩʲôϧȴһֱһҲеһ־ЩȻ
ɾڴʱȴ͵زϫ״̬Щԣ
£κһڣܵ˴ѹֻ֮ѿס
ƫƫأϫˣһȷΪս־ޱȣһ棬ȴһ֧ţ
һţҲܲ״ȴȷǴڵģ
ֹˣڳϫţϻۣ׳󡭡
ÿһγϫ£øǿһ֣ҲΪһĴڣõóϫÿһαղܹһδվ
ʲô
ϳԾšܲδҲ̫ˡ
ЩȷΪͨһЩ˿ݳ֪
⾿ʲô
һӣ񶼱ȥ
սڳ
ȻϫһһαòҲһαһңδ¶һ˿ܷļ
ðҮеķԽʢԭݶҲ¶һ˿塣
ԣ
ܿ죬ҮƲʲô͵شһɷг侲
ٿȻֹ֣Ŀſɲʥ⣬ϫϸӣҪһЩʲô㡣
ͻȻıʣõóϫʯǽԶһ㶣һҪʲô
ϣнסһѵһҲһЩʲô
ԣ
ҮûܲʲôȴĪӿһĨ̤ʵĸоͺò˶ãͻʲô˵ıʻᷢڳϫһ
һʥâʢ˼£Ű˷ơ
ֻɱĶȻٰˣ޷ܱȷҪǿһЩ
ֱ߰ҮٲɱϫضвԤ֪ıʷûκԥȻɱ֣
䣡
ʥڿգֳһ϶صͼڣʥ뵣ضȾһʥĹ⡣
һն
ʱձ㣬һ֮ǿʢۣ֮սʯǻһѪҺƱᣬðҪϢ
̫ɲ
һҪһɱ˳ϫ
һӣʯɫ䣬Ҳ޷еĵǣǼ̨ȥ
һ̣ϫԭأԡѪ𣬷Ҳһ壬ٶ
ֻĿ⣬ᶨɱһ
·𡭡ڵ
˵֪赲ʶ
ҮһжӰɱϫľģһ֮󣬸ûջصĿܡ
¡¡
ۼһ̺޾ɱɲ˼µһĨͽǳϫ
ۼʯ״س̨ȥ
ۼҮ¶һĨʤȯյЦ
ۼ
ʱһɲǣ½ĻڳϫǰȻĮȻᡢһ˿
ͬʱǰȻһϵĵ伮
񷭿һҳԪ
һֻء
һɲ췭ظ


1961 ڤƻ
伮ʯĥɵᣬ͸һׯࡢϡϢ
ڵ伮棬ӡĴ֡ڤ¼
ˣ
һɲڤ¼ٿȻת񷭿һҳԪһֻأ
ӳֵģһƬѪĻ֮գҡҷˣʺ͸͸һ֮
˰
˰ֱɳ֮лɶڤߵķ֮һ
һɲ˰ʢأѪƿ˵֮ţˡ
Үնһɱ֮ɲȻһһƬ˰ѩˮ㣬˲ʧδκһ˿
һ˵ʵԶһɲɣ˭Ҳû뵽ΣޱȵĹͷᷢȾˡ
һƬѪɫ֮Ϣ֮䣬԰Үıɱһˣ
ţ
Үɫ΢䣬ͫк¶һĨ¶˰⡪֮·
⡭
ʯǵӰȻֹԭҪ̨ϫ˭룬ǧһʱ̣ᷢתˡ
ʲô
˰֮
ʯȻӲԭء
˰ӳֻ֣ؿڣ
мþ޷ƽһɲϷ·ֻص浱µһĩٴԨֻҵ֣
мžرһƬ˰֮Ⱦ֮ͨɫһļµĻ档
һ̵ĳϫԡѪ֧飬Įᣬһˡ
ǰڤ¼ӨӨ⣬ׯ䣬͸һɻɬԨĪϢӳĵóϫȻһ䣬һֱĵǡ
񳹵ûΪƿڤo¾ͷڸ䡣
⣡
Ү𶯣ԸıʾǷˣ
ȥڣʶأֳʥͷųʥ⣬һٴնɱȥ
䣡
һ̣ʥΧӳֳһΰϵӰһϸԪͨף
лɬ䣬쳹أȫһС
꣡꣡
̨ĵ涼Ƴܲסʼѣ𵴣޲嫵Ľ壬ݡ
һ֮ǱȸղŻҪɲ֣õų̈ʯǶһͷƤ飬ɫɲɷףһ޷Ƶľֱ֣޲õͷӡ

Үȣֱ̬ҪƾһһƬس
ȴûһ̵İҮУʵѲһĨ޷ȥļ¶
ˡ
ϫԭһΧһжȻΨĮȻԶİҮ
Үʩչһʱڳϫǰڤ¼Ҳٴηһҳ
һɲǣ˰ʧһƬƺƵ󣬻ǲĴȡ
Ǻˮ嫣֮зħźʥڱ𣬱ѹ޷ѡ
ٿຣ
ຣޱߣͷǰһ룬Ϊ٣
Ȼڤڵĵڶߴ٣
䣡
һ׵ĻˣҮһԭӳֳһΰӰɸһһƬຣͱһ֮ݺѹ׳ڿຣ
˻Ҳ޼£
ҮһҲգ֮䣬ͱຣϳС
ǶܼʱҮ˶㱻һƬ嫿ຣ֮У
̫˼ˡ
ϫսãҮӵвھܣ֮ǰһ־Եѹ̬ɱóϫм֮ٶ
ڣȴȻתˣ
ҮĹ֮ǰɲɱޱɾһһڣǵ޷˵ϫԼҲܲ
һжʵʵڷǰʯǲ㶼ˡ
ܿ죬ǾжϳһеıʣԳϫǰƯһ伮ϡ
ڤ¼
ǵڤ֮
ڴ˿ĪԤһЩʲô
٣
Үǻм͸һɾŭ޷ţɵޱȡ
֮ǰǴݲȵģȣ˿̵İҮֵüΪ겻ŭӣƺηʲôһ
ɱ
ûгɵأҮٴγ
һ̵ȼգʥ绯ʥһĪϡ
ʥ򷢳һ̶𵴾ѱ߷˼¡
ǵģһ̵İҮޱƴԼȫһУ
䣡

䣡
ѡ
䣡
һƴʱգᴩ¶һʷʫĻԻơ
һʯǶĩս٣һжҪûڴֱУ׻Ϊޡ

ȻһĨƻ֮ӿ֣ӣȾ͸ǬһжΪ׳ĺɫ
ϫǰһڤ¼ͷƻʱһѪգƻ裬ʱաߡһеһĺС
˿̵ĳϫԡѪ飬ȴһĨŨޱȵĻƻ֣֮ĺɫУԻƻΪڣü֮䣬һƬĮȻ
ǻƻ֮ƽҹ͹˺ѣȾĺƻ裬׳ۻ롢
սᣡ
ƻ裡
һֹǿɲǰ򵥣ƿʱĻսᣬһеһеһֲþС
ƻ֮󣬾õĳţõĺڰΪһ̵¼Ԫ
أ
һ쳹ҮеʥһմȾһĨƻ֮ɫǴѣ׻Ϊޡ
䣡
Үˣ׻˶ɳȥпѪ¶һĨȻ
ȫһƻĺɫУٴα촷ۣ
ս֮
ǹֻصĺڣ̫£ΪȽ֪˶ȷѪ꣬ﶼŭԵڤ۱ѹա
ԺȽ֮Уڲ˭뵽һ̣ƻٴγˣ
һɲʯǶͣıû
촽ظһ仰ҵֻ֣ҪӦˣӦˡ
ܣⲻܣĩ٣ֻѲ棬㡭Բƿֻ֮ģ
Ү˺ѷΣŤͷɢ͸ޱȵľֺͺ⣬һ̵״޷һа㡣
ٷŭȴǲҿٴһƬƻĺɫУǻƻУеΣհ㡣
ɾܰҮٽڤ¼ȴڱ仯ӳ󣬹½롣
ʢѪĻ֮·嫵Ļǿຣ˾þƶɭ޵޾ʮصѪ
˾Ķǡ
˴Ŀģ
գڤ¼һҳ
Ȼ
һҳϣȴǿհһƬԵüΪͻأյģƾһȻ
հף
ִʲô
ֻأֻѲˣûֻأһɿգ
һĻԭ״İҮ֮͵췢һЦظĵĿ־һɨա
ϫĿ⣬ٴαñ̡
ţ
ʯȻаһá
зݣô
һ̣ԭһֱһĳϫӳ˰㣬̽ұۣв֪ʱһ֧ڱ䣬Żɬıʡ
ʼ⣬ڤ¼һҳĿհϡ


1962 ֻӳ
аʣ
ʷУõĹ⡣
ڤ¼һҳĿհϣһݵӱʷٿȻȾ
һʻ£㣬ӡǿհҳϣͷųһɶصϢ
һʣһԿףֻ֮ţ
һɲǣ̨һּžһ޷ݵׯࡢС
ʧ
ʱ̡
һжһɲǾֹ
ҮĴЦҲ֮Ȼֹ类ľżԭأͫչݽӲü֮価ǺȻ
ҪȴŲ
Ҫȴһص򳡽ָͷ޷̧
ܼ
һ̣ҮֻԶ޷ԼѲƿأ
жȻһɴֲϯȫѪҺ类ᣬһľС
ǡǡܡⲻܣ
ҮͽޱԨзź͸޾ľֺͲʡ

ʯͬסʧǣﵽȾ磬ѿԲϲԼ
ڡ
ȴһĨռ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôֻǸоƬأͷ·Ҫڳϫзһ䣡
־䣬Ժδģ
ˣҪӦˡԪȥ޾šҪӳˡţȻ֮ϲۡ
ɫϲϲƱǱ֮ૣԼ֪Լ˵Щʲô
ͣͣ
һоֹһмžķΧУΨгϫڶеаʣ类ϲ֮ţڤ¼һҳĿհϣһһۼ
ЩۼɾѰȴˮһɶضϵϢܹӵС
һһڿհҳϣһҲ֮ʼӳ֡л֮·гٿຣսƻ裬ɭ˾еʮأлȪ·Ųþ
Щ󲻶Ͻںϣһҳհ״һадıʻС
һнУصžׯ࣬һ޾塣
̫ɲˣ
һ̣ûܹٶһ£ʯǲУϲУʵȾİҮҲС
κڴˣֻ¶ȥһЩʲô
һַΧ
ֲеĴϣеĴ˸£بδ֮
ˡ
Ȼϫаһ٣ڤ¼һҳջأͬһʱ̣һصɢ
һɲǡ
ʯ쾪
ب¡ǰһжһܡܻɱľС
ָоͺ¾ͷڸǳ䡢󽭶ȥ
ֻأֻô֣ΪʲôΪʲô
һ̣Ҳ֪ðҮһŭ־嵽µĴ󺰡
ɽһɲǣ˾Ͳ仯׹ֻУļľӵеڼ
·£תյڻݣ߱ڻعԴͷ
̶̼֮䣬ҮѱһͯСϾȻ
ľѲڣʧļҲص̫̫ǰ
һֻ̣һͯټǲǰһУڶⶼܵһȻһֿհף
ɲеǰȴһУع鵽ͯڣӵпȾܣȴţ
䡢ŵܣһлΪУ
һУֺ֮ɱ
δԸתͷѻûɿգ
ֱɱһ˶̣룬ǰ֪˭вʣзߺޣǣҡ
һжƱˣ
ⲻʱתΪʱҲ߼;顣
Ҳҵ֮·Ϊ֮ǰ;ѷӡ
ǡ
ֻأ
һɱ˰١սߴɵϵ;һ𶼼ɵصĽ֮
ֻ̫Ĵţֻصģм
Ҳ
ʯͬδһȴȷǾֻصڰҮϵıʣֻµĺۼ
¹ȥˣٴһһţһֻ̣أ䣡
һɵʯǳʧԺпհһƬ
ֻأ
ֻأ
ԭĴڵġ

ս⣬ٴԨϿգȻ֧飬׹䣬㣬򲻴档
ԭĻ𺣡ǳһһֻε߬סȻ촷ۣΪޡ
Ƕ̶գۼ䣬ҳһƬ磡

䣡
һ̣ŵÿһУݳ¸桢±ǨĿɲ
Щ֮£һжģŤ


ٴԨһ۰׹ǵʮĩ֮ţһ̿ʼҲ
Щ׹ʬʧȥ׷״ĩ֮׹䣬ˤڵϡ
գ¶ĩ֮ģ

ŵ⡣
УԭڴĵԺԺһ𣬻ȻĿת󣬷˵Ĺ⣬ƿԿžʮصİء
֮һɲǣԺµɽѩŮ洹ѩ̫ϽӵԺڤλҲȻ
ڴ˾ֻ꣬ʮ֮ڵִٴοһͨŵе·Щ˷ء
ɴʱʮ֮ڻδȴʲô㣬ӴԵĲѰ
о䷢
ʲô
ѪˣΪٲ
Ǹǻ
ѩǽԶĬ׷ȫݣǳԾǣݳһƬģ磬Ҳκ
ɫ棬΢΢ЩأܹﶼԿŵܣǺ֮
Īռ;ˣ
µ²
ƤҲ΢΢һǿɲʲô¡
Ӵ⣬һǣֻ̫࣬´ӽԺϹҪˡ
ԶһƬҲãȻһ̾
ƺʲôҲƺȷ͸һɻĪζ
Ժɽ֮Ů洹̫ϽԺԺȼϴڣ˵õѩǽԶĬУ˼
ЩС޷ʱף
仰ϥǿУ״̬С
ѩȴǾþƽԶڴղŻеĺ塣
һǣ̫ࣿ
һָʲô

һ̣ԶϹ򣬷֮ɽϣͬ䷢
еķ֮ͻأӳ֮ϣͷȻʢԣ类ĳŭ˰㣬þòɢ
һĻʱһֱϥڷ̨ܵһΰӰ
õǷ׷״ӴȻĿǷ֮
գЩΰӰԺвԼֳͬͬһͷд併٣


1963 ϫ쳣
ս
ֻתӳȫ
ʱİҮѱһͯȻԭأһΪһա
һ̵Ե֮޹¶ãȻ޴룬ʯУȴκ
෴жһִñĿУ
ȻʯΪ𺳵ģǳϫʩչֶΣõʶֻ֮Ŀɲ
ת֮䣬ϢͰһλȾĿֲڵһм䡢ȫᣬһ޸֮ͯ
κһ޵ߣ˭Ϊ㴦
ҫλ;ԶΪУһƬհף⡭ֱԽܣ
ΪʯǺȻǣֻ֮ڰҮϲϸıһС
գҮ˾ǻΪһѪ
һʥ֮İɫѪҺ
̫⣬˭뵽ҮȿɲڣһѪҺ۶ɣ
ؼǣһΰɫѪ飬Ժˣ
ʯȻ͵֮ǰ˵ⰢҮϸԪʥһΨһʥ֮ĺᣬݳޱȡ
ζţǰһΰɫѪλزɲʥ֮
һ뵽⣬ʯвһѪΪһ𿰱ȾĿɲڣʥ֮ʵָкεȿɲ
ҮܴϸԪĸдζţλصʥ֮Ҳпܴţ
˵ݷŵУ
Խϸ룬ʯоԽǾɲ֮Уǳ嵭жֻ֮𺳡
ͣ
ڴʱһΰɫѪҲʧΪޣʧ
ֻ֮֮İҮһ̳һкۼڡ
ˣʯǶʱͲƬֻȻʧ
Ҳһָ̻ɣ֮ǰǰľż㣬
ǽԶһҲ˲ȥ˼׷׽Ŀ̨ϵĳϫ
˿̵ĳϫ֮ǰǰԡѪǽ֧飬ϱѪոǣΨĮᡣ
һֳаʣһִڤ¼³У³
һʯûһİĸоͺǰĳϫѱú֪һֲͬǺǰǰȥԴһĨηɵĸ
ƿֻصĳϫǴǰĳϫ
أ
ʯǻعһը쳹̨һ࣬ԭ˵ǿߣڴ˿̾һжջΪһƬޣ
⣿
ʯȻ
֮ǰʱұһ˿ս֮
ʱ̨ϵĳϫȻڣ޸飬ҲɱҮ֮󣬵һη
ݣܺýЩǿ߱еԭõʯǻȻ֮࣬Ҳϫԭ֮ǰѾԤıһУûŹЩһ
ͬʱϫҲõʯĪһͺһϤĳϫ㡣
ǿɲΪһֻأóϫױİˡ
䣡
ܿ죬սѵѣȻΪĩ
һۣϫٴγǽٴԨ
ҲӲ֤˰Ү֮ǰ˵ĻսУԾ˫ȷ÷ֳܹ

ˣ
Щǿȫ
ԭѳı̫ãƶжƻϧøֶΣϫٴԨУĿıΪ˰ϫǵˣĩ֮ţӶΪ£һԪ׸
ɻһмƻеǱ˳ϫУֻ֮£
ʯȷǳϫڣҮǱض˳ɱЩˡ
ǳϫĹؼʱʩչֻ֮һͬȫû
ϾǰҮʵ̫ǿˣȾƾһ˶Ժɨȫ
ʶȷе˵һܹ֮Ҵȫǰݳϫֻ֮͡
ʱ·ٴԨУʯһ·գǶһֻĸо
Ǻܿ죬ǵĿԶԶһʮɸߵĩ֮
֪ʱһĩ֮űѻ۰׹ǣ׹ڵ棬»ΪһƬ׹Ǻ
ĩ֮ţҲǵһ¶ݣ
ڵı棬بǰĻʯͶɣһɲãϡϢ
Ż棬һƻɫĵ绡ܣȣ˸ݣͷųͷƤĿֲϢ
ĩף
ò£ʯԺо͸ֳһʻ㣬Ļɫ绡Ȼĩ֮
ϸȥȴһƬģΪһɫ绡˸ĩ֣֮Ŀ⿴ȥסʹĸо
ʯпЩˣһжΪ˿һĩ֮ţеͷųΪ£źǣ޷ﵽĿˡ

ҲڴʱʯȻע⵽֪ʱ𣬳ϫԶĩ֮ſȥŲ̤УһƵʯʱһľ
һҪʲô
ʯɫ΢䣬ҪסϫȴѲһĻϸס
Ҫ
һ̵ɫԵЩ죬ڳϫϣڵȴʲô
Ϊʲôһϫһĩ֮ţǳˣ
ʯüнһɲõԤС
ӳϫʩչֻ֮Ͳϫһ˰㣬ʱϫԲسԶĩ֮ſȻʶһΪص⡣
֮ǰǰҮ˵£ܹһĩ֮ŵģΨгϫһܹ쵽
ΪͼһԪеھκͼߣʵļԪӦߣ
˸ԪУΪϫһδδĩ֮ţŵǰ˸Ԫһδθɿա
һУǰҮ֮Իô֮󣬲ŻȻѡʱչжԭڡ
ҮҪϫˣҪϫΪԪӦߣһĩ֮ţ
ǻ֪õʯһڿϫһĩ֮ʱŻ˴ķӦ
ɣϫѱɱԼʶȫѱһٿҪһĩ֮š
ˣĩ֮ŵĴţܹĩֻ֮⣬пܲйռ;أ
һ仰ʯס
ԱߵޥҲγѰ㣬š
ô˵ϫǴȥѰռ;أ
ʯ磬һҲڼһĩֻ⡭Ǻã
˵⣬סŤͷϣȷĲ£
ϳãŵ֪ڵǵڼԪ
ھŸ
ʯ˼֮ǰ˰ҮĻ֮ףһԪ֮ǰа˸ԪѸˡ
֪ϫһԪеĵڼͼߣ
ϼʵ
ھŸ
ʯɲ˼
ţ֮
ϴ³֣ԴԵúĪ


1964 
ţ֮
ʯһƿڴʲôɣ
ɵһȻڿЦջӲסûپ⡣
Ǹô죿Ǹϫһȥھ뿪
һޥʵ
ȷһ⣬Үһ˶ѷճԣǴٴԨʱ
ɴʱȴΪϫͻȻжʱһУõǽѡ
ܼ򵥣ȡ
˵ʱϥڵ棬ٲȻһ㳤ʱȴȥģ
ȣ
ʯޥһۣԶü
°Үһ˸𣬵ƾǵҲ޷뿪ٴԨ
ܿ죬ϱͣͬȥĩ֮ţеҲܹ⡣
һ£ʯˣԣµȷֻеȴһ·ѡˡ
£ʯɻҲֻҷ£һԭأʼȴ
Уʯ̽һ¿Ȼǵ״ѿʼһ޸ƣɲ١
֮ǰսУȻҹ½Ұܱܣ֪õʯʵһ亹
ֹȫȻҲʼһ޸ƣѾǺܲˡ
ΨʯǵĵģԶĳϫˡ
һĩ֮ţҪʲô


ϫ죬ⲽУɫȻһ˿
ܿ죬ĩ֮ǰ
ʮɸߴŻȣһֻϰ㣬ԵüΪС
¡¡
ɫĩ׻Ϊĵ绡ĩ֮ű治ܣͷųɲޱȵϢ
ϫȴһΣջȻֻǾţ˭ҲһЩʲô
һ̵ĳϫȷԵ̫ѻԡѪǽ֧飬ȴһ˿ע㡣
ɫͬžѪյϣһּµĵĮᡣ

Ȼϫиֳаʣָʷһ֮У̽һƬĩС
һɲע⵽һĻʯĶ𣬽Զĳϫˡ
ǱϾĩףѰɱȣ
ʯǣЩĩĻɫ绡ױ㱻ƿͺ˺һ鲼ɣûܹ˺ϫһ˿

ϫаУնĩ֮ϸǵĩ˺ѣɢ
գĩ֮ű棬¶һԼĪɷΧ
ǣ
ʯǽԶһ𣬺ȻһƬɷΧУӡһޱȵĵƣ
ЩȻɣĩ֮ű棬ֳҝĹ֮㣬ɢһ޷ݵϢ
һֿɲѹѹϷԻ籾Դеԭʼۣһ
һƵһɲǣʯǸоĿݣĶڣһ޷Ƶľηֱ޲ùȥĤݣ
̫ɲ
Ҫ֪ʯڣϹ򣬶۷Ĵһ򾳵İ뢡
񣬽ֻĿһĵƣסηԼĵģ侪ˣ
ΪҶؽݻ٣Υҵ־ؽ
ңϣ޼
ʣڣ
һɲԣб˹󣬽һĵƣз
һһ٣ÿһ־䶼ħ񣬾
ˣ
ʯ׻ԺһƬհףȫ񶼱һɾκɡ
һ̺־
־˭£
ΪҶؽݻ١
Υҵ־ؽ
ÿ
˭Գϡ޼
˭Գڣ
ֱǰԼˣ
޷һԴǶУ֮˵̺һħʯǳ״þ޷
¾κˣһԴʱֻҲ޷ƽѡ
ԼһּµľУȻ֣ԼͲϵЩƣƫƫȴԼ˵޷ֹԼȥ˵һС
δ̫ˣ

һޱȵУ˭Ҳûע⵽ϫаʣһһӾĨһգ
˿հףѰٲһ˿ټ
Ȼ󣬳ϫʷתͬдһޱȵĵƣȻɡ
䣡
һƸһγɣЩƾȻٿȻ۳һУһƬհ׵ش
ȻͷųһĪɵ֮һ˲䣬ǰѳϫ˶̽ȥʧĩ֮ڣײ
ҲһɲǣʯǴһĪ״оѹٴĩ֮ʱﻹҵõϫټ
һƬհ׵شѻָһƬĩĻɫ绡ǡ
ղšʲô
ʯȻ
ǵãղųϫĩ֮ƿһƬհ׵شͻȻʧˣ
ޥЩɲ
ȥˡ
ϳĬãһ³֣Ҳشһ˿Ȼ
Ǹղǵÿһĵƣôһ㶼벻ˣ
ʯüڿ˼
ԣҲˣǡǡҲһЩ̺壬⡭
ޥɲ˵Щڰ
Ҳǵô
̾˿Զĩ֮ţ૵ǵļ䣬ֻѾϢ֮䱻Ĩˡ
ǵģҲͬˣղŴ˵һƸûзһ㡣
ǲõģԺйһеļ䣬һصĨ
Ϊʲô
һ̣ǶһԵȻУһоһ޷̽ѰţǸеһ
һжǽɣҵܹ̽ףǵ̫Զˡ
ѻָƽ˵ѲٿЩȷǣϫѾĩ֮ڣҪıһ֡ȣ
ʯޥĬȻӵ˼£ΣҲֻ˵ĬĬȴ
ȳϫĩ֮ڷء
ֻʯǶû뵽ǣʱƣһȥ֮󣬳ϫһѶҲޡ
һУٴԨһƬžκαʮɸߵĩ֮ҲĬһ˿仯
ڶꡣ
Ȼָ̻ѹɳϫûй
ꡣ
ʯǽԶ޷ֳĬΪһ꣬ǽŵ֮ĵʮ꣡
Լ弫ٴ֣пٳһͨŵصͨЩ˷ء
񣬳ϫѶ
ô
ѵϫĩ֮ܵ˲Ԥ֪ıʣ
˵жһĨǡ
䣡
ֹȥ£һ죬ŵкȻѿһ޴ޱȵķ϶һʢȻͨѷչӡ
գһͨӵǻ۰㣬ǽٴԨϿգ


1965 ѪӰ
һͨţӻŵͨٴԨ֮ϣĹ
ӹɣȻǵ弫ٳһͨ
ڴٷأ
ͨУԺԺǳϵأɢٴԨ֮¡

ৣ
ٴԨײʮɸߵĩ֮ԶȻҹϵ˻Ȼ̧ͷɫ両ֳһĨܣڿԷ
ɫͱЩԥ
Դϫĩ֮ڣѾȥˣѶ֪
ʱ򣬿ȻĻᶪ³ϫܣʹ뿪
뿪ڱ߰ɣȺϫ
ʯһɫᶨ
ͳϫŹ飬ʱ˱ʱ̣Բ뿪
ǳϫֻٶʱҲ뿪
ϵأʯ֮ȱԼ̬ȡ
αǣ̫࣬޹ؽҪΨܹĿһĻ
ϿڣɫžȻʱͬ뿪
һӣ
ǽԶʯ˾Ǻ֣Ҳǳһʱľϡ
֮ôΪǽĩ֮ŵģκˣǳϫ
ƾ֣ǲ˼رԼ̬ȣ
Ҳ¡

һ
ޥ
ΨһܹıǵȴˣȴȨᣬǼ㰲ȻأⱲҲվҲᱧ
ҹ
һӣҲϡ
ȻһϹͨѳ֣ܹĪĻŵطأһ¡
Щڳ˶ԣϫİΣҪΪҪ
ΪǺһܹ֮ɱҴ뿪˳ϫԲܣ
һϿɡ
ڻûнŵʱϫȻӵôõÿȻЩ֮Ƕ۷
ͬ˻ŵеһУϫһ޿ȡš
ֹѣľõÿȻһĸԸ£ûκһ˿Թԡ
֮ǰԼһͨп֮ãȴȡһЩжȥǷԺ͵ȴڻŵЩǰǿԻǵָ㣬Ըóϫء
ȻȻ˵
˷׷׵ͷ
ৣ
һ̣Ȼʧԭء

ǰϫĩ֮֮ٴԨϢط˱仯
ı仯ǣܲڽٴԨÿһĽʼʧ
úԨзֲɱҲʧӰ١
ֱ仯Զڳϫĩ֮֮ȴһоΪʲô
ЩѾҪҪǣٴԨı仯ǰȻ뿪֮ǰǰ㱻С
Уȴһ뿪
´˿̿ȻԨҲȻûһ˿Ҫ뿪˼
һͨ磬Ԩ֮ϣһƬҝԵ쳣Ŀ
ȻӰִʱĿһʱ㱻һͨܿ죬һɫ档
Ů洹Ȼǰ
Ȼ񣬽ԼһͨУͼͻŵЩϵ
ͨк޷ӦžڿȻЩʧ֮࣬Ȼͨ˵ԺԺǷ⣿
Ȼһ𣬻Ȼû뵽ƾһ仰ԷƺѲ³һЩ
ϸһ룬Ҳܺ⣬ճԣһϹͨʱֻ˭ϻ͵һʱȥˣĻȻٷġ
ǿһ㣬Żһʹ˿ȻǵĴ
󣬿ȻҲû룬Ժһ˼·ͽڽٴԨڵһһ˵

һյʱ
ȻأɫһĨ޷ȥ֮ɫʼղһĬԡ
һĻܿͱʯҹע⵽
ˣ
ʯ̲סʵ
ǰ˵
Ȼԥһ£˵ϫţһסģٶǼһӣҲ޼¡
˶٣һҪǣڿʼڣȻѡֻһ³
ʲô
нԶһ

Ȼ³֡
ʱ֮䣬˽ԶסĬ
ϫġ
ϼᶨ
˶ԣһϻͬ˼ᶨΪ
ǣϫ֮ھͿԴһĩ֮зأĹؼ
ô죿ϫȻأⱲӶʳѰ
ʯü
ǿѡٵ꣬ϫûܷأǾͱ뿪
ȻȻЩԸἰ⣬һȴһ
ǰ˵֮ŵضһֱУʱٲ뿪ֻڴ˵ء
˵⣬ȻĿһɨˣΪأ
һĬȻ
գ˽Զ˿Ȼ飬ȴޱΣУϫԷء

ʱϢš

ٴԨϿգһᴩеͨȻһ˷ǵһ˿޾ʧȡ
ʱ񣬳ϫûзأ
ٵˣǸ뿪ˡ
ȻЩѵؿڣ֪仰ʱԵЩ̣ȴò˵
ţ߰ɣϹһѡǰɽţȴȥ
ʯһ첻Ҿһ첻뿪
ͳȴᶨޱȡ
ԣҲԶĳ޷ƽ
䣡
һͨȻһҵ𶯣ʼòȶ·ʱбļ
ߣ
ȻˣɫȻ
˼ˣҲٳɣſȻһһͨУʧ
κ
һްѪӰٿȻڽٴԨϿգûκһ˿Ϣ˶ԲĴڡ
ɵȴһĿֲƣͷƬŵصװ㡣
ЩС뿪ˡ
һѪӰૣϡĮ͸һ޾ĲɣϸԪĲã
䣡
δ£һͨȻɲıըƬҝء
ͻȻһֻŝԵĴ֣һͨһɲǻΪ֮״ݺݳһްѪӰץȥ
䣡
һɲǣǬ촷ۣ︲һֻ֮£Եÿɲ˼¡
ϸȥܹǴֵƶ̺ϵУƿʮһͨƴ֮ܣ
ţ
һĨѪӰЩɣһӣٿȻǽٴԨУʧ
һֻ־޷Ӱ
ߣ
һߴһͨдһͨĸʧ
֮һʧģһֻ֡


1966 ֮һ
һĨѪӰڽٴԨײ
˫ָԶʮɸߵĩ֮ţ˾þõĳ˼֮С
ֻؾȻĳˡ̤ռͷһԪѾĻˡ
Ҳ㹦ܴɣһδһµֻǿϧ˰Үӡ
£ֻܵȴĩ֮ʲôʱˣ
ѪӰૣ͸һ˿пζ
һ̣ٿȻʧԭء
һ죬ŵ跢٣飬һ޾ͷĻС
ɲĻϢ쫷磬ʼŵŰ绯һƬ
ܹ̤У

ŵ⡣
ˡ
ǿһ󲨶ӳֳһŻȻʯޥҹϡһ˵Ӱ
ˡ
ѵȺŮ洹ѩӭȻʯޥ˽ӻء
ͬʱԺµҹ˽ӻء
Ψֻʣɽѩ̫ϽʥӵԺڤ
ΪصĴУǸµĵӣ
ô£
̫Ͻӵɫһӱ䣬͸һ˵ƣĿ⿴ϡˡ
ϹžĬԡ
һԥȴǿڵ˳ϫˡֻ¶١
ʲô
ԣӵԺڤһһɿɲ֮Ϣ
Ψдѩ˼
ͨ飬ûҲԷˡ
ʱһ̾Ϣ𣬵ԺԺǿݵͰӰ֣һ㽫ӵڤͷųĿɲϢɢ⡣
ⲻܣ
ӻǵоǺ˹һͷŭԶޣ͸޾ŭ
޷
˴̫Ͻ̹˽УӵĻǻȫû
ֹӵ֪һУڤɫҲԺиֳطǧ𡢹Ľȵȴ˵ӰǾŭš
ʲô
ѩڣѯʵ
룬ҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪ӵݣϸԪһǿߡ
˵ţйӵһкгڽٴԨеһգҲһһ˵
Ȼйسϫֻ֮飬ȴһδᡣ
ϸԪ
һ
һıѾõı
֪һУѩɫҲϾоĳ˼֮ɫ
ʢŭеӵڤüͷһ壬ɫ΢΢ãĬС
ͬû뵽ǻŵо˶գǣϸԪһ
ЩͬѰˡ
Ͼ֮͸µĴ˽ǻŵУĿʵܼ򵥣Щܹٳµ򾳣򾳱Դ֮Ӷ̤֮С
һĿģΪ̽ѰŵеһƬ򣬿һоǷĴռ;ء
˭룬̬ķչȫ
ԣ
ȻӵԣǰҮӵвھΪȴհ˳ϫСУ
ɫһ͡
ѣ
ӵͲشʱ䣬ȣɱõһɷס
һڣŸո̤Ŀܿסˣ
Ϊͼ
һֱĬڳһεѹȣλǰӦϫЯߺͼЩ˵˵ͼвǡ
ͼ
֣ڳЩĬأںܾúܾ֮ǰ˲֪ɱ١
Թܹӵˣȴ֮٣ҲõúͼԵ
ʶϿϫԺͼ֮һ԰Үɱ֮ʱ˶ѿʼŽɡ
ΨϺ֪ʱܰҮģʵǺͼ
Ȼǲ˵ȻҹͬΪϫܡ
Ͼֻ̫֮ɣһй¶ȥ³ϫܹһĩ֮зأֻҲ˲Ϊжд̣ǵȺɾ޷
Ȼˣϫأ
ӵЩɣɨϺǰڳֱ޲ðץ̱ˡ
ϫĩ֮ţ
Ȼʯޥѩ£Ҳ߹
Ȼ֮ǰǶʱУѩѾӿȻǿ֪һС
ĩ֮ţ
ʱѩӵڤҲһŻ
ʶϫǽУҲδʱѩ˫ü𣬷һĨɫ
ӵڤ򶼷ҵƽһ㣬Զһͨѻ٣СⱲӿҲز˰ɣ
λǿ֪ղſ˭
һ̣˶˽ǷڻŵеһУԺԺſڵ
˭
˵Ŀϡ
һϸԪпΨһ׵Ĵڣƺʥ֮
һһ٣Щͳ֮ǰͶԷ֣ϧȴ޷˵Էһ˿մƶϣǼһʵ¾ѷɫڱˣ
˽Զһݣ޷ƽΨһףʥ֮ͨﾹϸԪӴ
ȻϵԣҲ𶯣ޱȣΪǿӵоʵİҮֻһλʥ֮һѪ
ȻţΪǵȴϫЩȴδ
һ뵽⣬ȻнԶӿһĨ⣬λʥַ֣֮Ӷɱǣ
ƫƫȴδΪʲô
ѵлʲôı
޷
ںܾ֮ǰһЩݣһΪϹؽһֻû뵽һǴӻŵ
ɫԴӣȻʱˡˡˡˡյвһ䡯֡ӽԺϹ¾ͽһˣǸǻ˭Ҳ޷ƶϡ
һ£õѩȵڶһĨ𶯡
ǸǰһϹзһĵطֻ
ѩ̲סʵ
Ĭã³˸֣֮ɽ壡
Ȱ֣ȴ·̺һħõȫţѻȸþ˳
ãҡͷΥɲ⣬վҪġ
˶٣Щɺ߰ɣڴ˵Ҳûʲô塣
һĬٶɻͲʣٶźͲ⣬Ҳֻˡ
ǵģ뿪
Ҳ˸뿪ʱ
Щйĩ֮šϹʥ֮ȵһеϢ̫ţǱ뷵ţΪǰĳı׼
ڳϫ
ѩֻϣгһգСʦطš
ΪһͻأıʣΪѩҲֻѡȥȴȥһЩʲô
ͬҲȴ
Ϊӵڤһ໢Լп̫Ͻı
Ͼɱ̫ϽĦٵѳ׼ŭ̫Ͻ̡
գѩ뿪ʱɫһֱԵǴһĨص뿪ġ
ֹ˴ҲˣͬľԶһĨ֮ȥѹ֡
ӵڤԶߺƽǸµĴ֮˻ɺŭ⡣
Ȼǣһ뵽֪ĳϫҲ

ʮ£һλŵ֮оʹĻеʮˣڷʱȴѽֻʣˣ
ʧٵʧ١


1967 ˮ
࡭
һݴӻǵĳˮӿŹֵĹһͷҰ˯дࡣ
ϫڳˮУ飬׹¶˷ƿҪ֧㡣
˫Ŀգ˥ޱȣ˿һضȻУʶģ

һĩ֮ţϫ˾񲻿ظȻһֻجج״̬С
֪Լǻ
Ҳ֪εء
һ֮УΨһĲͬڣǽУһ˿ʱʱơ
ȥ
ȥ
ȥ

ĳϫԣʱ·ѱú壬جج֪£ҡ
һ״̬ʧȥУ֪ϦǺϦ

Ҳ֪ãһƻɬᵽѪȵ㣬Ȼӿ뵽һǵˮУСӿ뵽˳ϫ𲻿С
һƻɬΪ̽۲ʲôڳϫǽ״İ׹ãſʼж
һֻѪˮΣϢ˷ʤ
ųϫĽӣһѪϥǹǣһӿϫĸǻ
գͣ˳ϫĲһڹ۲ʲôƺڼɵʲô
һȣһ࣬Եüġ
ˡ
һޱȵ㣬ڳϫǽ֣ʧ
ৣ
ҲڴʱһƻɬץסһʱٿȻһĨ磬ϫٿȻ˳ϫüʶУ
ʶУҝһƬ
Ƶ֮𰵵Ϩ𣬷űϢ֮ϣһϽۻǣֻȴ޹⣬ͬһ˿һŻķǡ
Ȼע⵽һУһƻɬȴԵüΪѣһͷ֮Ķǿһʢ㡣
ʱ̣ԵüΪСģϸ۲ãϣٿȻһͳϫȥ
ڰ;֮УٿȻֹֿͣʼϸ۲
Ȼ֮ǰжһ̽ҪжճܴڵΣգ
һƻɬ˻һӵзḻƻ֮ˡ
ʶоһƬնţκζ
һƻɬ¶ģ˲ϢΪһöŤģϫꡣ
ɹˣ
ϫһɲǣʼͷΪһɿɲ֮ҪϫѰռݡ
ˡ
ȻʼͷһɲǣһصϢٿȻӳϫӿ֣һֻδְ㣬˲Ϣͽ
Ȼܵţ͵ؾȴ޼£Ȼ飬ΪƮ
ͬʱһصϢҲʧš

ЩƮ񴺷绯꣬ڳϫǰУһĨ㣬һޱȵл֮
һ˲䣬ϫǲƵ͵һš
ɴʱǻججʶȴһõóϫʶһ˿ݵѡ
Ȼ󡪡
ʶиֳһ档
жսҮʱĳ
ʱҮͷųĿɲޱȵĻŰϫоԼͿҪˡ
ͼս֮ɲĻȴԶԶͼȥѺͼԼȴʧˡ
գֻأԼյı˰١սߴ
Ȼ󡭡
ϫֵںϵһɲǣʱоԼһˣûûĮ
Լִڤ¼аʣһװ㣬Үһδι⡣
Լڤ¼һҳհд¡ֻء֣Ȼ󣬰Үֻأ䡢Ԫ
գҮͯͯһΰɫѪҺ

һʮɸߵĩ֮š
ϫԼа˺ĩ֮ϵĻɫףӡĩ֮űһơ
Ȼ󣬳ϫԼаʽһĨȻͬһơ
ϫóк壬ȴƫƫ޷䡣
һֺìܵĸо
óϫһɲǣƾһķơ
䣡
һ̣ϫʶٴһֻجج״̬Уʧȥ֪
ɲƣҪ֧飬˫ɽգֻʣһ˿ˡ
˽ǻǵĳˮУȻ֪ʱ֮ţ֮Ǩ
ֲ֪˶á

һɻɬٴγ֣һεҪǿҲСġ
Ȼһɻɬ֮ǰһγֵĻɬͬһԴȻһεʧܼΪģʶٴγ֡
һΣᳵ·㣬ӿǻǳˮУųϫǣһ㳯Ӷȥ
һ·ϣͬûܵκ谭ܿ죬˳ϫʶС
͵һβͬνĿ˳ϫʬ֮ϵһŰޱȵϽۻϡ
ա
ʧˣ
ϫϽۻڵһɲǣͱһصȻͱ촷ۣΪꡣ
ЩջΪһϫɡ
ϫٴβһ£ججʶƬ̵ѡ
һΣԼĩ֮֮ĳ
ĩ֮֮ڣһƬҝ磬޼ޣ޷󣬳һħηĿɲϢ
ɻȳϫһУ͸оһޱȵľʹõ׻㣬޷Ƶ׹䡣
պȻ׹һǲˮУ
һˮǺɵʱȴĪеһİ˽񾭳׷ɡ
ȻһԵƣ糱ˮӿͷõʶױģһֻججľҲ֪κζ
˿̣һгϫȻˣԼԭѾҪˡ
һɲϫ͵һǿޱȵĲʣ
ʾȥ
Ҫȥ磬ҪȥһظĸҪȥ̤ƽ̫Ͻ̡̫̫Ҫȥܡܾʹȥ


ϫźһޱȵŬԼѵʶŬȥԼŬ
գϫֻʶһʹʶʱһƬӰ±ûجج
ֻһΣϫȻûвԭŰ꣬ѷһ˿ĹȻޣ䲻ۣɱϾʵڵģ
ͬʱǽʣµһ˿˥ޱȵҲƵõ棬ʱʱ֣ǿʼľѨϲѭ
źǣڵľѨ̫أһƬǽ֮أƾһ޸֪²ָ

ֲ֪ȥãһɻɬ³֣ǰһͬһԴС
ǰβһǣһεĻɬԵüΪ񱩡ȣǿʮֹ
һ֣ͻΪǧٵΪϸСһɲǷѳǧٸ
գǻΪһƬƺƵĴϢӿǻǵĳˮУϫӿ롭


1968 ɱ
ǧٵϸСĻɬһ֣ӿϫ壬ŹǺѨϣӡ
һ·ڣڣǰεСĽȫͬ
Ƿ·ţƾ˴εǿ˳ռĿꡣ
ܹЩɬӿ룬ϫؿʼƱܵزա
ˣ
һΣǴϫʶУһصĲ͵شӳϫ
һɲǣͻΪһŴЩĻɬȫ֡
¡¡
ȫͬڳϫչ𣬲ɱˮݣԵÿɲ֮
һĻȷ˼
ǴӿЩɬԳϫز̺żΪֲϢȫͬһɱһ𣬶ԳϫԭͲƲ˼ƻ
ۣۣۣ
ڽʱУܹϫÿһ򣬲ʱըһѪĿġ
̬չȥֻ²ֳʤϫᱬ鲻棡
ƫƫأΣޱȵʱ̣ϫȴƶһк޲һֱһֻجج״̬С
ǵĳˮʼ죬ðһƵݣҲȾһ˿˿Ѫ⡣
ûã˰㣬ΪһѪأϫ𲻿Уˡ
䣡
͵أϫһͷ­֮⣬ǺȻըѣΪģѪ⣬ΪһѪصһ֡
ͬʱһƻɬа㣬ѳϫʶУ񳯳ϫȥ
Σգ
һΣӣǱЩɬóѣϫֻ޸յĿܡ
ˣ
ҲһɲǣʶУֳͼƬӰӣһĲ
ͬһ̣һ޵ӰһӰ֣ǺȻڤ¼аʵ
֮һ̣ͼƬڤ¼аرڳϫʶУ
ǡ
һžŭޱȵһɬз
ЩɬͺȻ飬ƬƬ꣬һŭҲ֮Ȼֹ
һУڵʯ֮䣬ò˼飬һĻĻҲǳ󣬺š
κڴˣֻҲ޷һɬǺηʥƵúͼƬڤ¼аһŽ䳹ɱ
һвûн
һɬɱΪ֮ǺͼƬڤ¼аʣԶδʧͷų
ˡ
һ̣ѪضڷڣһɹصѪۡ
ϫһɺ޲
Լֻʣһͷ­֪
ʱƣѪطڵԽԽҲԽԽǿʢˡ
¡¡
ֱѪϿվ쫷ŭơѪܵȵȿɲ󣬾ʮ
ǻҝĲϣһԶߵĴ׷׹䣬ƮһѪС
Կƾף޷ΪЩ̫أӵС
Ҳֻĩ֮ڣܿü

ʱƣԽԽ춼ǿɲĻɫ磬һƬ򶼸ǡ
һĴ㣬׹һڵѪУЩѪˮںϣΪС
Ҳ֪˶ãܹڳϫһͷ­֮£ֳһ޵
һѪˮУһɹзڣһĴϢСǿʼһֶصķʽںϣɶһ㣬ỺС
ЩѪˮԶǳϫԭѪ
һɹϢںͼƬڤ¼аͷų첨ԼǴĴС
һڽںϣܳϫǣԵò˼֮
ʱ䲻֪ţϫԭƵҲһʵʣڽһɱ䡣
һɱ䣬ȫɳϫƣһϵбϫԼԴ˻Ȼ
˿̵һֻجج״̬УʶģȻ֪緢һС
˺硢Ű쫷硢Ѫ⡢ԼһƮµĴʼ𽥱ֱʧ
أָֻһҝӣžһƬһѪضٷڣ»Ϊ˻֮ɫ
ΨһĲͬڳϫ
˿̵ӵһ壬ͨ弡ʯ͸ʥĵ⣬Ȼ
ϸȥÿһ缡ϵۼ㣬ӯصĵϣ籡ԣС
ЩͷĿĴ㣬ϸԲ
һУѻΪϫһ֣ġ̥ɡ
ڳϫڣһĥɣȻԣȥô򣬻ᷢĺİĴ̺֮
֮⣬ھڣͨ͸ȣȾһʵʵϽ֮ɫתڽһĴѭ
䣡
ڳϫУǳѭͻʥһƬûԻ͡
УһƬ㣬ӯžȻ򣬻ԴԴϵĻ
֮³ϫͨ⣬ֱǻȻһ£һ츲صɱ䡣
һжڳһľ
ʶУϫ֮µȼ֮⡣
֮ϣϽۻգŹʶ궼յͨ͸ӯӯ⡣
һУ
֪ʱԭʶеĺͼڤ¼аʽԶʧš
ֱ񣬳ϫʶûһ˿ָѵļԵù֮
˶ѷһ̥ǣǿ˺ֹһ
ƫƫأϫʶȴδܹһ仯лɻججһƬ
󣬹֪ϫɱ䣬ֹȥʮ¡
ʮУϫδһˮУһ˰㡣
ֻ
ʮʱУ֮ϿգȴϽۻǣ
֮ĳϫΪѾһλʵ
㺧˵ĽٶȣǸ磬Щﶼ𺧲ɡ
ľΪϫûȥһжȻȻˣ֪ԼѾһˡ
ֹǻ˵ȥ˻ˣ
һжصĩ֮ڣһйһŵྪţڳϫϵı仯ҲͲôˡ
ʮ꣬ϫΪؾ磬ȴûڻˮгԶ޷㡣
Ҳһ꣬һ͵ĲӰӼԶǻҝ
˶һϯ֣һľȣǣÿһԵ쳣ѡ
ɵÿһգãã£ûκܹ赲
գ֮䣬һˮǰһĿ⣬͸ۣ˸ˮеĳϫϡ


1969 ƽ֮
ں֮µͲӰӳˮУֳģӡ
һľȣϢɬһ磬ˮеĳϫãȻ̧֡
ֻֿݡֱָ̽ᣬԵòޱȡ
ģһصĴͼڡ
Ǵͼһ֣ʻܣּԶͬޱȣļµĹ⡣
ˡ
һâĴͼ籡а㣬նգлǵˮݺնϫ
һɲȴ͸һ޼᲻ݣﲻƵĿɲƣһ̣ϫ㽫ᱻնΪ롣
ȻһĻˣһâһϫţ뺣ǵû˵ϫûȻʧ
Ȼˡ
ૣ͸޾Ĳɣζ
䣡
̲ģһɿɲϢ޳ƾץˮеĳϫ
ͷ·һŴҪӳд̳
أ
ˮŽֺֻݺ߬ס˳ϫĲ͵һ࣬Ҫѳϫ
ɾһɲǣһȵӳϫһб
䣡
ֻұһʹһɿɲޱȵ룬һֻҰ˺ҧס޷ѣ޷ֿ
һ̫ɲƾ޷ѣڡ
ôܣͬǼԪӦߣΪȴܹźͼĩ֮ڣ
˷˻͸žŭޱȵζһΪɲ㡣
ʮļ¡
ܹ˵أ߬ųϫĲȴڲܿƵؾҲţڳޱȵʹ
ɶ񣡶¹ȥѵҪһУ
˲˻ϵһϯ۶ը¶һޱȵ塣
Ұףɢ˫磬ղϣܲΨ˫£ɣ֮
ƺܲ͸ųȻϡԭʼϢһԵơ
Ȼ˿̣ȴ¶ŭоǺȻڲڣ񱻽޷ѡ
ˡ
һصɲӣݿһλɣߵڣɢҪ鲼ȫ
⡭ⲻǺͼ
أɣƷʲôһЪ˹ŭƣɲ顣
𶯣ҝĲãϿɲϢϢ
ˮ֮ϣɣ߻ŭ죬ˮеĳϫȴȻˡ
һԵ˴Ŀģ͸Źɫʡ
䣡
գҲ֪ǲɣߴ͵ػӶеĺɫľȣݺԼұϡ
һұ۱飬Ϊ촷ۣķݰ㣬ݺݳ󷽵䡣
ۣ
ڿѪڵϻ鴤һĨٺļ¶Ե쳣֮Ǳ
һ̵ֱһˣһ˿ƿԡ
ɺޣû뵽Ԫðһ˼ֵĹղһʲôΪξܹȫѹҵһֶΡ
ɣڵϣڴϢɫòü֮һĨ޷ȥľɡ
գȴȻһЦԼǱĨ˴룬ѳ˴֮
ǲ޸֪жôء
Ĺ
ɣɨһˮеĳϫƼΪģջһҧתǶȥ
վס
أһ䵭ӱǲɣ߻һ
̼ܵް㣬ȿɲϢȻʱգҪԶȥ
ˣ
ɾжһɲǣһֻϽɫ۵Ĵƾո֣ݺ߬סСƵģק˻
ͨһɣߺݺݱڵϣðǣһҳǱ˼¡
̧ͷͿ֪ʱһεӰһˮ֮ϡ
ǹˣ
ɣпһĿƣ׿˶Էģ
һӰһ忡ӣŨܵĺڷĮţһԵƣƲɺ
ⲻǸһֱԲѵĹ
һӣɣһ䣬Ŀ˸

ǾӰȻǳϫ֮ǰ߬סʱʶѴһɻجج״̬
û֪ҪΪƽ֮ء
һ̣ɣԵüΪ侲һһƨ˵ϣĿ˳ϫɫдһĨڵĸζ
ƽ֮ء
ϫૣ˫ָĿɨķȴֻܿһƬҝأ磬֪ж
˭
ϫջĿ⣬ǲɣߡ
Һһ
ɣߵȻԽס
ƺҲ֪޷κγϫԵüΪϡ
ף
ϫƳ˶Էһۣô˵ϸԪУһĩ֮еļԪӦˣ
׵ͷ
ƺ֣ΪγϫһͲµЩ
õ׵ȷ𸴣ϫȴΪƽĬƬ̣ŵ֪ΪϸԪдһĩ֮ţյԪĸ𣿡
׵ͷƵ᣺֪شƣ赲²ҿһĩ֮ţҲɱ
˵ţ̧ͷųϫǷһĨصĻȣ㡭Ҳ𣿡
Ҳ֪һֱóϫʶҡͷˣҺ㲻һǰһԪȻĩ֮٣
Ŷ
Цˣ͸һˣԪӦ߿ɲǵһԪס
ϫɨ˶ԷһۣδͶԷ粵תƻ˵˻ԸһԪĩƽ֮⣬йռ;ء
˵꣬׾ͶȻռ;Ѱ£ҲһղףһжǸԣʲôռ;еĶҲܴڣ
˵ɫѱüĵ޾µķߺһͳͳ
ϫƽףֱԷָ侲˵֪뿪
һŪЦܹ뿪뿪طˣĿܻһֱ
ϫһĬȻʶԵЩǲӶҪҵ꣬ռҵ
׻һɫòյͷ
¸Ͳˣʹʹϣ˵ܹһ
Ϊʲô
ϫʵûκζֵס
װаһõ˵ÿһԪӦߣ϶һصļԪӡֻҪܹȫ㼫ϣõ
˵⣬ױԥˡ
ʲô
ϫƽŶԷɫϲһ˿
ռ;أ
һҧ³һ仰
ϫﷺһĨɫ㲻ǲϴռ;ô˵ղѣ
ҡͷطľˣܹҪԼһ߼ȥϣ򡭡ɾ̫įˡ
У͸һĨ޾ı롣


1970 ֮ӡ
į
ϫԴ˲ΪȻ˼׵ĻԪӦϵӡԻõռ;أ
⾿Ƿģ
ƽ֮أûûзֻһƬţյš
Ȼɫ͸һĨ㱣Ժ֣ᷢţжôġȤįΪ˻ȥֻּį
ϫüûд϶Է
ϧոһѧȴֻͽ㱻޷Ҹ˵˶ѡ
׵ͳ͸һı룬֪ˡɸһԪһҲȻˡ
˵⣬׵ĿϫȻ¶һĨŪЦݣ᲻Ժˣҿ϶һֻ޾ͷּįĥ
ǣ
ϫһۣﻹ˴ڣ
׵ͷȻѵԹܹа˸ԪʷУ
˸ԪҲζаλԪӦĩ֮ڣ
ϫȻһ㡣
֮ǵھŸƽ֮صļԪӦߡ
׵͸һĨ

ϫĬƬֱ̣ʵ
ÿһλԪӦߣԶӵԼأһ¾뿪ˡ
˵⣬ָԶһǵˮأǾأһˮءҵˡ
ϫȻüλֵģ
׶ʱĬ
ϫˣȴһˣ˼ҪøأҪӵиǿˡ
ȷƽ̫֮أ׶ֻ֪ܽƺΪƽ֮ء
ͬʱûûз֮أȻ޹ԡ
ûйǿȡ˹ã
Ҫҵأ
̧ͷסʵƺЩš
ҿɲһ
ϫҡͷƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ɴ˻׶УȴЦܵģǰڴ£ѱƽ֮أҲδûϣ뿪𣿡
ѴһĨζ
ô֪
ϫȻ
ô
ɫеĳŨңڵſϫЦ㡣
Ͱղ˵ȥ
ϫĿףɫ
˵ģ
ƺʶʲô͵ɫ䡣
䣡
Ӧ˾ͱһɿɲϽɫû
ΪʲôΪʲô
׷һ޲ҽУ͸ޱȵĺ⡣
գȻ飬Ϊһöޱȵķţһס֣ʻȴޱȣ̺ذ㣬һֶصϢ
УϫһֱֳĬɫûһ˿仯
ֱʱһöġסַţ¶һĨɫſھͽڡ
䣡
һɲǣһɺƴޱȵĴаը㣬ȻӿϫʶУΪһظӿͷ
֮䣬·𿴼һƬļԪ磬֮Ԫ
ǸԪУ޲С׵Ϊ;ȥѰ㲻֮
Ǳʿ顢ʦڡɡʥ
һȫڡסǴǣѪߵʥ֮·
֮ԪеϢ˿̽ԶӡһöġסַС
ʶУɢ
һöס֣ǡ֮ӡŵ֮ԪĶϢشУ
ŵ˵ֻҪϫһö֮ӡԿŵй֮ԪһʹС
գϫֹסԼ뷨
ϫ·һˮ֮ϣϥء
տ˵Ļҝؼ䣬ǹž忡¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԼģҲԼеģЩ귢ԼϵһС
ֱ˿ѵһУϫŷ֣һжһΰ㣬˵Ĳʵ
㲻ΪԼһеȥһĩ֮š
Ҳ㲻һĩ֮ӡһּʲôΪʲôʱԼóаʽһּĨȥȻһԼּ
ͬǻˮлԵЩУҲΪʲôϻᷢһ츲صɱ䣬ֹõһܺΪһٽز
һжԵ̫˼ȫɳϫƿأõ˿ʱ˸о̤ʵ֮⣬һļ¡
ֲƿصı仯ģгһջ᳹ɥʧңһȫİԼ
ϫָо
ͼڤ¼аʡֻءĩ֮šУܣ
֮󣬳ϫסһ̾ղŵġסˣƾԼɱԷ
ôܣͬǼԪӦߣΪȴܹźͼĩ֮ڣ
⡭ⲻǺͼ
ϣ·ֻˡסǾŭޱȵ˻
һжóϫжϳס˵ģҪôԺͼҪôԡֻ֮
뵽⣬ϫૣǰΪʲôԼԴźͼĩ֮ڣ
˸Ԫĸ𣬽ԶΪԪӦߴĩ֮š
ÿһλԪӦܹ֮쵽һ㣬޲Ϊӵźͼ
֮ǸסڵԪӦߣԶһλͼߡ
ǣƶϣЩԪӦ߿ĩ֮źͼʧĩ֮⣬򡭡ͼܴഫ
ϫƶϲͼ˽ŸԪ
£ƫƫȴͼ뵽ĩ֮ڣûʧ⣬ԺܲѰ
ΪԼĺͼǲƵģʶܹ쵽һ
ϫԺвðһͷӵеĺͼģһ鷽ܹƴ
ȱĺͼܴһĩ֮ţ
ֻ𣿡
ϫзһĨĹ
ֱʱûһУȴҶ϶Լϵ쳣Ȼֲֻ֮ϵ
һ룬һӵвȱͼߣͬʱֻ֮ⱾԵ̫ףܲ
ҲΪЩŵһıڳϫϡ
һϫһ·򣬳ԶǻҝطӶȥ
˵ֻԪӦϵļԪӡϣռ;ء
񣬳ϫȻɱףһö֮ӡɲȷһ㡣
ȴһԡ
ֹΪνռ;أΪ뿪һƬƽ֮أ

һֺ롢Ρ롢ľ޴ǳأǻҝؼ䣬һͷԶ̾ͷųһơ
ǳأ
ϫĬ
ڻˡ֮ӡҲй׵һЩ䣬һ۾ϳһֺǳص
۳ǣ
˳ǣǵ߸ԪӦٵһ磡
Уɵڽ뵽˵λԪӦƿصأԶԷѹܱ


1971 
䣡
ǵ߼ԪӦߵġ֡
Ȼ䡱͡סһǵһֶص塣
ף֮Ԫ
䣬Ȼ֮Ԫ
Ҳζţڵڰ˼Ԫ֮ǰĵ߼ԪһȫԡΪ磡

ԳϫԲİϸһ룬ȴԼǴһսʽһ־񣬶ϵ
Ȼһк֮Ԫϵȫͬġ
׵ļУλ߼ԪӦ߳˼ɵη塣
׵һ̤һĩ֮ţƽ֮ʱҲ˺ͳϫһûϮͼĨɱ
ջǱ׻Ϊġ
ʱױǺ䡣
ֻ޷κ䣬ʶҲֻȥ䷢ͻ
便ж
׵ļУȴԵúģΪҲ޷϶
ױϫĨɱ֮ӡϫУһмҲϫ쵽

Զ۳ãϫӰһ˫ָ쳯ǳȥ
һУʱ뵽һƬȫͬ硣
տȻաĵաİɫƶ䣬һĽͨ˴ĽֵϢȺ
Ⱥֵˣؼ䣬Ϊǳһɺ쳾Ϣ
ɺ쳾ϲŭԹУһࡣ
һУϫһʯֵǰȥ
;˴󸹱ĸһǧֻΪ¥һΣһЦ
Ҳݹ׵ֽϾľ
ŭ߳ȺӺХͷɷĿоǶδ㽡
Ҳ˿ĺ߶¥У輧ᳪһ֪˸ҥ

ƽ֮صЩλ䡯ȡסҪį
ϫڽֵͷǺ쳾еܿܿɫԵõȻ
ֵͷһϲɣĽѵӳڽϣһϸİ׻׺֮Уҡҷˣ͸һɲ
ϫĿһϽŻϣһ¾ɵЩľңдݡ
һͨЩЦԷǵ֡
ܣһִϲ˵ֲʱᱻŮӵ֣ȴƫƫݴһ𣬾ԵЩ΢ˡ
ϫȷƾֻ֣¾ͻᱻ·ЦŪ
̫ˣ
ǳЦɡ
ݣҵ֮أ֮ڣȡһСұ֣
һ̳ϫûЦһľãƿһȽյĴţ˽ȥ
֮·ԶҪߵøԶͱλɺøԶ
һأƤִ֣˵ز̤ߵż
ڶأѪ罬ףִ˾ɳΪʿ
ͥԺУһȺװӢ˲Ůׯɫһ˿רע
֮ǰһλڴ
ϦɫĹ⣬һƬͥԺһðĹׯʥ
ϫ֮󣬾ĬĬһ࣬ЩŮλ겻ϴй֪ʶ
ֵǣ˭Ҳûע⵽ðȻǰİ˰㣬һжɵĽš
֮ߡʿʦʦڡе󾳽磡ÿһǵԽߣԽǼɬѣûκνݾߣеη壬ڱ뿪
͸һ˵ϣĿɨЩŮ
˳ĬӦɫԶһĨᶨȻûԸһ뿪ˡ
вֻԸԼˣһĻӿʱϸһĨο֮ɫ
ˣһڿα㵽ˡ
ӻ֣Ҫȴһϡ
ʦһһ⡣
һ꣬üۣĿȴᶨӥɫݡ
˵
ü
֪֮ϣиľ磿
˵仰ʱ۾͸һĨȺͿ
У̤ǸزʱȻͻˡ
Щ⣬ջǵ˵ͷ˵գתȥ
Сʦ湻ģȻ˱󾳸ߵĲΡ
ûʦʱ˵ɻøԶСʦ̬Щˡ
ٺ٣Сʦܣһ˼Ժﵽǰ㲻˼ĵزǻô˵𣿡
ƾߣйҲܰ쵽ţƣ
뿪һȺŮҲǷһôЦһ٩Ҳ޶ٶ⣬ֻһ֮ǿʤˡ
ʼʼգһֱЦţ۾ǳƻȻΧ˶Ŀ
գͥԺֻʣһˣֵҲ壬žġ
ҲҿЦ𣿡
ȻԶĳϫɫһ˿ѯ
أ
ϫʡ
ԭӱƽᶨϸֳһĨį֮ɫ
ã̾ϢЦֹǿЦɡ
˶٣ȻЦˣһҲڣǿԻصȻôʣô
У͸һ廳ˣǷͬһλɣ˰㡣
ϫ˵ͷƺ⣺Ѿزȥˡ
̾˿ǰزȥˡ
УѴһĨ˸С
Ŀ⿴ǽӳһƬ٣Ȼ֪Ϊλݣ
ȳϫشԹԵΪʦ۰ŮͽܣǸߵĹģƯǰԲλ࣬еһĪԱ
ֱҴеˣΪµףÿһ˫ʱɻеţо۸Ŭȡöߵ
įૣ͸һĨ˸С
أ
ϫʵ
ˡ
شúƽκ
˵⣬ƲԸἰ⣬Ŀ⿴ϫлˣѾܾû㣬ĹЩˣоܲ
ϫ֮͡
ЦЦ˫ָ͵ֱͦ
һӣƶȻһ䣬磬һɿɲޱȵϣһɲǳΪƬصףһɽӣ۰µƣ
ӹɣǡ䡱ڵ߼Ԫһĩ֮ŵӦߣ
ˣǸһˡҲ²ⲻǵھλƽ֮صӦˣܹɱף֮ӡҺܺ棬ƾչֵͣΰ쵽һģ
磬ȻϫɫĮᣬ͸ղǶƸеģȫͬˡ
ɣϫʱشĻԥһʱɱ˳ϫ


1972 ɱ
ı仯δóϫе⣬ֻЩԾһչֳƣ
ϣĪϣĵ
һɲǣõóϫʶؾжϳѺϹеĵûʲô
֮ǰԿһλڵĿֲ
׵ȷǱɱġ
ϫ𶯣ɫȴһ˿ƽԭһô
˳ϫһۣҲ֮ǰΪβ̳ɱԭ򡣡
ǵģܿϫʵԶԶ޷Լȣȴ²͸ϫɱסģһֱţûж֡
ϫȻ綼ҪֵģղŵԥѾܲˡ
ЦЦǶϵġ֮ӡ־ڱصˣ
ϫͷδϡ
һΪռ;ķӡ
ԣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ֻ뾡뿪
ϫƽ
뿪뿪ȥ̤ĩ֮ŵһɲǣĩƽѿʼڵļԪУĳɹˣտҲֻһƬޣѡˡϤһжͳͳ𡣡
ųϫֻڸʹ࣬˵أ
ţȥ
ϫδ粵Լ˵ϹԲᱬĩƽ٣ҲԲˡ
ͬûжԳϫĻзֻǾųϫĬãȻҿ̹׸㣬ֹ㣬ڵӦߣʱ޿̲ҪϵļԪӡʱ񣬻û˭ܹɹ
֪ԭ򣿡
ԹԵܼ򵥣Ԫӡ̫ӴˣһԪԼһԪĶشУûܹǳںϣ
˵⣬Ƴһ۳ϫŻ֪񣬵ڶġλƽ֮صļԪӦߣѱһλļԪӦɱϵļԪӡϧǵһλԪӦûܳɹΪҪЩԪ֮ӡٶ
ϫһݣ׵ļУѾƽ֮صλԪӦߵ
һԪӦߣš֮ӵеһԪĶӡ
𡱣ڶԪӦߣš֮ӵеڶԪĶӡ
ġ塢ԪӦߣֱǡ塱ħꡱáĸȫ֮ͬҲӵȫͬĶؼԪӡ
ټǰĵ߸Ԫġ֮Լȥĵڰ˸Ԫġ֮Ƭƽֲ֮ȫˡ
ʱ˵ǵڶġԪġ𡱡塱ħáѱһԪӦߡɱʱϫҲ𾪲ѡ
ɱ֮Ҳ޷ЩԪӡˣҺҲ类ɱˡ
ɫĮһж֤Ϊռ;İأΪ뿪һ·ȫ߲ͨġ
ϫĬƬ̣Ȼһԡ
ԣɫ䲻һĨмҲ²ⲻ֮ӡȴһֱûɣ
ϫһУδϣ߶ԷԼδȥ֮ӡ׼ûȥ
ʵҺһɱá֮Ҳͼǡ֮ӡϧһԪȥҲֻһС룬޷
̾˿
ãǵԪӦߣ֮
óϫû뵽ǣ侹ȻҲѿʼȥ£һɹɱ˻ã
Ƭƽ֮УԼ֮⣬ֻʣһλ
ȷ˳ϫϣȻû뵽ƾԼԤеĻҪп̫ࡣ
Ϊһ·߲ͨЩҲȥԸףΪƾܹڣ
䴽ǷһĨȻƳһ۳ϫȻҲΪһ㣬Ҳûɱ㡣
ϫһȴȻЦˣô˵ɱǸ̻мԪӡˣ
ͫȻһ̲סЦһﻹǲİϵףҵֺαر֪һԪŶ£֪Уǳ˶ַ
Ȼ̾˿˵ôֻ࣬ǲһԽ̸ĶȥˣĻɾ̫įˡ
ϫĬ
䣡
ҲڴʱȻָ֣УΪ֮״͵ؽϫ˸С
һ֮ͻأ֮Ѹͣ˸ͷʤ
˭ȿȵĴڣһ̣Ϊĳϫ͵Ϯ
ϫԼû뵽
ʱʱ̶̿ڷŶԷɵԷʱŷԼ֮Ĳ֮õȥӦ
ˡ
ָзɲĽâȻʥӡһɶصƬضƱ޿ɿ⡣
ǿȵóϫУʩչ
ͺһֻ߬סϣֻܵȴ
ؾȣղŵĻңɱֻ֮Ըһ˱㹻ˣʱӵһĻȡʤ
ɫĮȻᣬųϫĿ翴һˣлɱ˵ұеļԪӡʱ򼴱޷ȫһ߳ɹĻᣬһԣ˭֪أ
˵䴽ѲһĨЦ⣬Ϊڴһ١
ǣ±סһ̵ĳϫɫƽɣȻûзһ˿
̫侲ˣ
ֱͲһ֮ˡ
һ˿Ĳ̤ʵо
㲻
ʵ
¡
ϫƽɱҡ
ԴǴݵȻ˵һѰС¡
ˣвһĨɱٳɣָ͵ط
䣡
ɲĽɫ񱩵۽Ȼڣϫ˶ûʧ
ˣų׷ģ૵ͣҲܹɱף滳һǲԼȥġ
ȷԼģҪСĽ
ȻһĮƽһƬ۽Ľɫд
䣡
䷴Ӧһصƾո֣ڣõ޷ȥ⡣
һɲǣɫ䣬δңֱۣ̽ٴγϫɱȥ
ȻΪֻҪɱϫֹסһС
ˣ
ϫӰһƬ۽Ľɫ߳һӣһصһֻɱֱ۶ڰա
һɲǣ͵ؾҲڳһޱȵʹ࣬һĻ͵ġסֱһޡ
ΨһͬıڣԸסʱϫʶδһΣϫֹʶѣȥһУ
⾿ʲô
Ť˻죬͸޾ľźͿ־壬类ƵƤ㣬һֲ˼ٶȼ
ڵġ֮ԪУѵֻô
ϫԶۿһС
ֻأֻأܣֻأҲ޷ӵֲ
ɫ͵һ䣬ֳһĨ޷ȥľɲ㡣
ټϺͼأ
ϫĮĶУȴһףңױ
ôܣͼܴĩ֮ڣⲻģԲǣ
䳹׷˰㣬Ť޾ľû
£˾ͺȻأƤǱ顢ڸ촷ۡѪ
գۼ䣬λȵĿɲڣǻ˳ϫǰ


1973 
¡¡
䱩жһͥԺȻɲನɢ
ֱһɻӵ۳ǣֵˡ񷡭һжʼ
Ƭ̣ټһ۳ǾʹʧعһƬҝ״̬УŶ塣
һжܻ䣬Ȼɢڡ
ϫԭأһʧҲһĨпǿͨ죬ɽƽ֮غֻܿԼܻһǳǲįȷ겻ѡ
ܿ죬ϫĿǰöȫͬţͷȻͬϢƯ
һǡ֮ӡһǡ֮ӡȫͬļԪС
ϫſһ̣㽫ڡ
䣡
һɲǣϤĳʶӳ֣ȫͬļԪϢԺУͷų糱ˮ嫵Ĵ֮
йء֮ĴУȫͬϵ
ټ֮ǰȡġ֮ϫּԪӡ
ܹǳѸּԪУڳϫӳ֣
ʱʵֻᷢ츲صı仯
޷
̫ɬ£䡢ͨµ̽̽δܽǳںΪһд˱֪Ԫӡжôǿ
£ϫҲδȥǣԵüΪ侲ΪԼû׼õʱȥһЩ˷ʱ䡣
ʱĳϫԣȵġ
ΪҪ뿪Ƭƽ֮صģҪطϹ򣬻иȴȥ
ϫҲûоʹ뿪
ϥأ˼С
֮ǰɱʱóϫȷһ£ûûзûκԵĺƽ֮УƾԼյֻ֮ͺͼƬȫѹסЩԪӦߣ
ѹƣھϣһϵľѹơ
ճϫƲ⣬ס䡢áꡢ塢ħ𡢵λԪӦߣڸԵļԪУͬҲǺͼߣ
֮յͬҲͺͼֲϵɵǽĩ֮ں󣬱ʧȥ˺ͼ
ԼͬΨһһźͼһƬƽ֮صļԪӦߣ
£ӵкͼԼںǶսʱƿһʵе߱ѹ֮ͣ
ˣɱԷϾ壬ҪɱǣƾΪǶȻ޷쵽ġ
£ֻ֮һҪá
ΪֻأЩԪӦ߶ԣȫӵв
֮ǰϫȷһ㣬ɵɱ֮ȷţֻ֮ڶԿǿʱԼռݾơ
ڶԸЩԪӦʱȴܹ𵽲˼֮ܡ
ֻ֮صĴڣǿƺɱԪӦߵģ
⾿ΪʲôϫԼҲ벻ס
׹鲻ףȷֻصܹƺɱԪӦߣѾ㹻ˡ
һ룬ʵϫԼҲһλԪӦߣȴӵкͼֻⱾԵúܲѰ
ţ
Ȼϫʶʲôһڤ¼Ǹֶ

Ȥ˺ͼֻأλͬɲѰ
ھϫΪңԶһƬҝУһϵĵۣ֮ǰ˿һӰֶ
棬ɣһϮۣϢɬĪ
һӣԨƿ仯γ֮΢ǡ
ͷڣ޷ʴֱԺ㣡
һʱ䣬ǡǵھŸԪǡһԪĵھŸԪӦߣžŹһ¡ô˵ռ֮Ҫˣ
λૣо»ɬĹ
ãüͷһ壬ҡͷѣԣһδֻ֪Ȱ˵һУݳһ
뵽⣬һѻָžڹϵǰ˫ָԶĻҝ񷣬òɣѵŸԪˡ

ˡ
ڤ¼⣬ֳһƬõĹĻ
ĻУһƬֺ磬лȪ·˰޵˾Źȵȣ罫ڤеһоӳֳ
ϫĿһУڵĹԡͼɡסһãǲδ¡
ڽĩ֮ǰϫԼǵãԼҪҮɱʱΪ˱ܲȻ˶ڤ¼С
ֻǺĩ֮źʶģУǲ˴¡
ȷԡͼɡ˰ȫ֮󣬳ϫŽڤ¼С
㽫﷢һи߶ԷԷģϾƽ̫֮أһʲôգϫȥǡ


ϫװ·Զǻҝȥ
ĺƽ֮У˳ϫ֮⣬ֻʣһǵһԪӦߣʵɲ⡣
ͨѰļ䣬óϫҲ˽⵽һλĿɲ֮
֮ļУֱͬһսʤĴڣֻҪģûа첻顣
黹ҪһƬƽ֮صʱ˵𡪡
ʱһƬƽ֮еջƽ͵á塢ħǳΪѡ
УǱ˴˽̸۵
۽ӦУĵλǲɶҡģһλ֪ЩӦƳ;η
ʱƣٶĻҲÿζЩڿʼеįꡢġ
ȥ˺ܾãһ죬һ˵뷨ϵļԪӡǷѰٵռ;İأǷ뿪һƬƽ֮أ
뷨һӦ߶𺳣Ծ˼ˣ˴Ҳ֪гѺۣ໥¼ɣ໥໥ơ
գǸԻԼأײ
ԭǿల£ɺһϵʵȴ׹ߣ׵
ΪѰռ;أΪ˴һƬƽ֮ʼһѪȶ̵ж
塢ħꡭ½УϵļԪӡҲһһߣ
һУֱ伸ɣò˶ԼҲؽڵУҵǣͻȻֹˣ
ĴǵЩӶᵽļԪӡʱ˼⡣
ˣӹһ٣
˽һʱϫԸܵļУɶԵޱȵľηͺ£һֻսʤӥ㡣
һУҲóϫ֪˵Ŀֲ֮
ܹɱӦߣܹȿȵĴڶηģλѰ֮
ǿԣϫԸȥһ֣ϧѾû·
һƬƽ֮Уֻʣ͵֮綼ᱬһͻʱȥѡ˱ܣ̫ǡ
οϫɣĵֻҲѲԼĵˡ
£ϫɲԥȥӵʱԽãȻĴԽ


1974 Ȼһ
ıǵһԪġ֮
˵Ǳ˵һϵһԵΪļԪ
ͬʱһ֣ҲԿһԪߺǿ󣬸ԵԾӣ
ΪһһԪӦߣʵ֮ǿҲ֪ˡ
ʶչжҪȥɱеļԪӡϫҲһ˿⡣
ƾֻ֮ͺͼƬҲóϫұκξԱʤġ
ⲢηսҲ̫أֻһֶԵ˵֪ΨˣܲȡӦսԡ
ڳϫԸֲͬѰ֮ԵȡͬѰ֮ԣܹ𵽲˼Ч


ҝУϫŲƣǰС
£δκξ󣬵ǻҝŷΧȻһĨȡ
ɶãã޾ͷĻɫ磬֪価ͷ֪ԭ㡣
ϫҲᵽΪס䶼Եôįˣƽ֮صһУ֮նţʱˣΪٸҲе㯡
סޣ俴رһ޷Ƶļ
һƬƽ֮ؾβģǳĿĶӴġ
ŸԪܹⱾһ˼顣
ϫ޷ЩҲ˼Щ̽һƬƽ֮صܵģֻ뾡뿪ԶҲҪٻ
¹ȥ
ԶԶأϫҰԼһģԭ;񣬱
ۣ
ˣϫڿһϵĵۣ߲¾ɣɣ
ǻҝУͺبһִԣɲԭʼϢ
λ֮̾أ
ԴɱλԪӦߣ޷ЩԪӡ֮󣬴ʱ𣬵һֱû뿪һۣԵ쳣Ī⡣

ϫһֻ֮ȻתʶкͼƬûͷųκζϫֻҪʼսԪӦߵϢͼת
Сѣѹʱ
ǳϫִ˵أδһʱĵһλĻ
ɡӹģ崺磬һλδ꣬һԵĸο
ɳϫȴȻиܵһԵļ¶һּΣյϢ
ͺһ֮˲ʺ㣬ë׶һ
أ
ȳϫӦֻǰһڣ类һֻδ߬סȻ飡
һɲǣѪ׷ףȾء
һƬˮʶԵЩ꣬ϫҲֹһΣգһ飬ֻʣһͷ­
գɻָ˹
Ȼʱڸһִһǰڸոһλʱϫ˶Ӧ˱㱬飬ΪѪ꣬ͻı仯Լ󲻵
̫ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ͳϫһ˿ᣬ٣
Сѣֻǿϧ㣬ڲ㵽һ̣ûдκλᡣ
һ̾Ϣ쳹һӰֶ˳ϫ֮ǰפĵط
棬ۣϢɬĪڰ㣬ǵһԪӦߡ
ָ֣̽һƮѪգһ£ǽסһĨȣôѪϧʱպ󶨵Ϊһλͨ
˵ʱԨһɨͿһƬѪУֳһ뵣ྪ
Щǳϫ֮н䱦ͭǮȵʮ
һӣͽЩУһַ꣬һ̾ñЩӦñһԪе鱦ˣԺ뿪ƽ֮أǿΪá
˵ţĿаʺڤ¼ϡ
ֻصϢ
һɲǣӱһƺ˵âǼΪãȴδȥ̽Ѱ
СĽǸ˵ϣͷ·մȾһ˿ڤ¼аʵϢ㡣
ȱ˴ӵһУƿֻˣȴŸԪڵˣ
Цʮأ͸ޱȵϲúͼ
ֱãԻָƽȥ̽Ѱ
ѪƮΪһƬҝȾһĨ졣
Ŀ⴩͸Ѫ꣬ܿѰĿ꣬öȫͬķţֱš֮ӡ֮ӡ֮ӡ
ৣ
ɣſһ̣ͽּԪӡڡ
ʱ޷ɳһ죬ǵΪãŸԪа㹻ñȥ̽Ѱռ֮·ˣ
һ̾Ϣ˵СһﻹǱĸǡ
ţ
ܿ죬ü૵ԣͼأСһϵļԪӡأΪβˣ
һɲǣһĨ˵ƣŰ˷ƣɲ㣬һƬ֣ϸѰ
ãǲŷһĨЦ⣬ĿһƬѪꡣ
ҰУһƬѪڲϷڣһ䶯ںϣγһŵ
Ȼģɵһ۾ͿǾһöԪӡ
СѣҲףԪӡɲôںϵģǵ˴˳ͻȫͬôںϣ
һ࣬һߵȴһ
ķԪĹǿں˷ּԪӡħ֮ӡʱǲ߻ħжţƾǵͣܰ쵽һ
Ⱑ
ǰ˸ԪӦߣԶڤڤΪŵĻԵֻҪǵһУһؽΪ㲻֮ڣǸҲ̤£
˵ɫ͸һĨ֮ɫ
ЩУʵ̫įˣһӵĿȤһڽɹĻܲˣ
ȻΪͨ죬ͨ죬Űĺƽ֮УҲ޼ƿʩҲֻּį
ԣһ̵Ż˼ϲɫ˲һ
ˡ
һõԻָ侲ע⵽ڳϫһöԪӡֳΡ
ɵһöԪӡʱȴõ΢΢һΪһöԪӡ̺Ϣ̫Ѱˣ
е֮ϢҲз֮Ϣϸȥ֪ܹܵħ塢ꡢ䡢׵ȵϢ
ôܣ
ͫȻһš
һԪһֶصдУǺԪԲһģôΪһöԪӡУֳ˶Ϣ
ˣ
һöɳϫļԪӡһڳͣȻͷųһɻɬޱȵĲɢʮ
¡¡
ƬУ֮
ЩɳϫѪ꣬һ̾Ƿת԰㣬׷ԭ׹Ĺ켣أƺҪںһ㡣
˼һĻֻõ͵һʶһ˿ûȥ˼ʶҪȥֹһз
õ׺ȻһĻˣһ̾޷ƿԼһ˿޷ͷų


1975 ˼
ˡ
Ĳǿʢ糱ˮƬظǡ
ܹϫһöԪӡͷųصĹ㣬һɹѪ۶
ЩѪ꣬Զǳϫ֮ǰԭƮؼ䣬񸴻׷׳һöԪӡۣԵ÷˼֮
˿̣Ǵϵɫ䣬ͫţһŭС
޷Լ޷ͷԼ޷
һ̵ֱ񱻶̼ϵͽ޷һ˿
ôܣ
ţƾսָĨɱһУɨκδУޱȵ֮⣬ϸĶ֣
Ȼȴһε첨һָͷ̧βŭ
⾿ô£
ԲţȷŸղѳɱ˳ϫǰһб仯ȴ޷ݲ
ˡ
һĲʢ𽥱ô̶أõõֻʶһʹʶ·Ҫ㣡

˻͸޾ŭȻΪʲôΪʲôԼ˾ŸԪΪʲôᷢȱʣ
ɽһĻȴӿһĨ޷ĺΪȻ֣Լ޷ɢȥ
һεܵƣ
Ȼ󣬵ױסˣҰУϫһöԪӡ˿̾һѪ㣬һɹѪ
Ѫ򲻶ϹĶ㷢صɶһа㡣
䣡䣡䣡
ֱѪ򷢳ɶԽԽ󣬼ֱo޶ĴģأԵǿޱȡ
ɶ£ԼԼأѪھǹճһģӰڲϼȡѪܵѪ
СһҪ𣿡
һ̵ĵɫѲƵظֳһĨ֣ĿѣƾǳȻޱȵǻۣ޷ᷢ顣
ˡ
ؼ첨ɢһѪҲڲɶѪڵһģӰʼ𽥱
λͨĴһλ˽ŸԪĻʯĴڣȴ񱻼ͽֻһзɫ価ǾֺȻ
һԵ˷˼˵ľĶǣ
ͼԣһǺͼ
أƺʲôɫ͵رü
һһܹܣܹѹסģҲֻˣ
ɶΪʲôΪʲôͼᱻСĩ֮ţѵһԪһ𣿡
˻ƾҲ޷ֱ޵ݶҧ飬״ħ
һ²͸Ϊλᷢȱʣȴҿ϶һжԺͼã
ƾϫǵʵ޷쵽һ
ҲֻкͼŻõ˾ŭΪ֮һеԴͬҲͺͼܲɷֵĹϵ
ǵһԪӦߣͬҲһλͼߣ
񣬻ΪͼĹϵȴõƣȫ䵽˴ĴУõмֱŭ˼¡
ѵѭ
ͼҪջԼ̳еˣ
Ҳ룬һģǾ̫ˡ
䣡
ڴʱһ춯صı쳹㣬һֱĵ
ͿһɼԪӡѪһ̾ȻըһεӰҲ֮߳
忡ǿգһͷŨܺɫɫȻƽžȻǳϫ
ôܣɱˣܻ
źֵ˼£׹ߡ
ϫɱģɿܻ᲻Լɱ£˵ǳϫһλˣҲɣ
СһȻĻˣ
һжԵԣֱһޱȵĴ˶Щˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
һʱУֹһεطʣֱ񣬵Լɱĳϫãˡ
ƾǾŸԪļǻۣ޷һС
𣿡
ʱԶĳϫⲽɫĮŵк
һѪѾʧѪ˿ҲʧΨһĲؼ䲻ɢ
ҲһĻõһӿһɽԼزԳϫϣ
һɲǣǳ侲ſĳϫΪͼ
ϫͷԵú̹Ȼ
ڵִ֮ǰʱУϫһֱ˼ζԸλضǿĵ
ڻļйصһϢ֮õóϫҶԴκһ˿Ĵ⡣
Ϊˣϫ׼̫ӦԲԣҲ׼ֶΣΪ̵ģǺͼֻ֮
Ϊ˱ⷢԤϵ״ϫѽԼĴ˺ͼС
ʶڵ֮ǰɱʱ䱬黯ΪѪ꣬ȴѲͼС
ʱͼڲλԪӦ֮Ҳڿʼתͷųѹס
ȻһУǵģͼ֮ϫתԼʬܣջָ˹
һ˵ƽʵʱȴĪ⣬ɱķһԴ̽³
Һãͼıֲδóϫʧ
˿̵ĵɫ쳣ӣĬã̾Ϣû뵽ûаУȴ˺ͼ£¡Ȼϰ
ϫƽϡ
ԣȴȻЦˣܹӵһԪӴҲκβñοڣ
Դ֮Уš
ϫüЩķӦ
²ⲻͼҲֻѹס޷ɱ
һ̾ٵһԵ쳣ƾǵΪվҲ˲һ˿
˶٣ЦŨңҪǣͼ˥ʧʱ̣ʱɻΪʤߣ
ϫ꣬ҲòԷƶϣûκβԵ쳣ǻۡ
ϫΪ˶Ը׼ֶοɲЩ
ϫҲЦˣǷһĨѰζĻȣʤѷֳˣֻԼ֪ˡ
Ŷ
üӳϫƬ̣ЦҡͷΣСһ˾ŸԪĸԽ˵Խ֤Ѿǭ¿ˣ򡭡᲻̶ɱ˱
ϫȻʵҲ֮ǰɱǰɱ㣬ɴ䣬ԣƾҵǶ޷˺ģԣֻܵȡ
ʲô
ϫǵĻǳǸпѵڻû
һ仰õпһܵһĪļ¡
ɫȻ仯ͫ룬ͷס
⡭⡭
ǿֲ˼£ΪȻ֣ԼڵϢʧ
ѪԪһеһжڲ˥
һɲҲ˳ϫڵʲô


1976 
ϲ鴤һƵƤ򣬻Ϣ˥
һ̵Ե֣̲֮֮ס˻ֻأֻأ
ϫͷ
ڶ׺ļѰ֮óϫѾİ˸ԪУȫûֻڵġ
ʶ־ֶı֣Ҳʵ
ǡ㾿ʲôʱֽţ

ҵЩʱ򡣡
ϫƽȻûڤ¼аʣȴ̰еıܲɣҵִ֮ǰѾֻصӡЩС
һɲǣˣɱϫһ̿ʼһѽԼͷϣ
Ҳ㲻Ϊֻ˿ֲΪνƾܹһһСһӵתǬͣ
ֻأ
ʲô
ȴܹܵԼڵһڱʴ˥ò˶ãԼͻ;ƿݣţ
֮ǰܷ߱Ϊλǿ󣿡
Ҳ򾪿ֶԵŤо¶һĨ֮ɫ
·ѾԼڽӣʶѸϫ飬ΨΪġ
һͼһֻ㽫ȿǿ˫ͨﳹѹõܸˣ
¶Ŀ
ϫĬƬ̣ԼҰв˥ϵĵҡͷҲ޷͡
ȷֻ֮ΪλǿѲǿ羳ɱֱ֣ѿܣ
ϫȷǣֻ֮磬Բǿɱ֮ˡ
֮Ҳֻĩ֮ڣһƬŶصĺƽ֮Уֻ֮űȿɲ
һоΪʲôϫҲ
Ʋ⣬ԭһƽ֮زͬѰõֻ֮ӵ˽ܵɱ֮
ڶԭǣֻ֮ڶԸЩԪӦʱŻᱬԾѹܡ
ҲпԭУֻ֮֮ǿ
ֹֻأͼƬҲͬˣõóϫƽ֮УƿɱȨװ㣬ڸһС
ȻһƶϳϫǾԲ͵ġ
Ҳ֪ȻҲ֪
һ̣Ъ˹ĴЦ׷ħһ㣬ŤϾ
һʲôҲ֪СȴܹЯͼĩ֮ţһǰδеֻŪ𣿡
죡֪ˣ㲻Ӧ̤˵أŪϷˣŸԪ˾ŸԪļįȴһ³ǡͳͳú
װ㼤ؼ䣬͸ޱȵķŭޡʡȻ
䣡
أڻصȻѪ⻯Ϊޣױ
һ̣ϫסһ
ˡ
ҲζţһƬƽ֮УͽʣԼһˣû˿вԼ
ˡ
Уһһķ֣ÿһͷųϢޱȣȫͬ
ǺȻһԪӡֱǡ֮ӡ֮ӡ֮ӡħ֮ӡ֮ӡ֮ӡ֮ӡ֮͡ӡ
£˸Ű˸ԪĴ
һһڳϫǰõóϫҲһ󼤶
ܷѰٵռ;أܷһƬƽ֮뿪ϹһжҪ˸Ԫӡˣ

ϫȽԼЩߵıһһջأֽڤ¼аʲڡ
Ȼſʼȥǰ˸Ԫӡ
֮ǰԣҪЩԪӡȫͬ㣬Բô׵飬ԵǿɲޱȵͨΪԪ̽ѰʵҲǿˡ֮ӡ֮͡ӡּԪӡ
ħ֮ӡʱ߻ħɵ
ʶ£ϫҲκС֮ˡ
ֲͬļԪ˴壬޷棬ģǷ֮ӡ֮ӡģбȻзѭˡ
ãϫĿˡ֮ӡϣٳɣſھͽһö֮ӡڡ
һ˲䣬һӴ嫵ļԪϢŵһЩ糱ˮӿϫʶС
ϫĸһУѰŵļйԪӡķš

ϫлȻӿһĨĹ૵ԭˣԪӡȫ壬ɽԶһ̽Ѱռ׷㳤֮λϵǿҵ֮йеһԣͿǱ˴Ϊá
֮ӡ֮ӡʱѰٳõ֮ȥķţҺγˣ
桭δ棿յУóǷͽǰݣɱҪȡԪɾЩвˡ
ô
ϫ˼УԺвݣħ˰㣬Ȼʱ֮š
ʮ졣
һ¡
һꡭ
һ˼Уϫ㣬ʱ䣬ʱҲûһ˿ѹס
ԭڣԪӡȷ̫嫻ɬŲͬļԪ̺İغ֮ϫͼһһںϣΪԼã֪кε֮ѡ

һܵһĳϫȻ૳
֮ӵе֮ơ
֮ӵ֮
ħ֮ӵħ֮ơ
֮ӵз֮

ߣ֮ۼɽ֮У֮ڣҶҶ֮켣ǵ֮ۼ
ߣ˵֮飬δΪΣдԾģԵ⡣
ƿΪ֮磬ν֮ƣԷ֮״ν֮
䲻ͬȻкۣԻΪƣԳɷȡ֮
壬ȻԿԾĲ֮Ҳȡ֮
ʣ֮أԿԷ֮֮
૵ԽԽԽԽԽֱֱӴ㣬쳹ʮء
ϫڴ˿㣬üһƬξͨһƬͨ͸ׯϡ
һУԶν֮ơħơơơơơơƣ
һУԶħ徭𾭡꾭þ侭ġ׾
һУԶԷڣ
˵󣬳ϫſ͵һ̣ͽһֱеʣԪӡС
䣡
һֱ˴Ŀɲ֮һؿɲķ籩ȻϫʶС
˿ɲ³ϫ׼ҲɸоʬһʹԴֱҪը㣡
ãͨȴ޼ԦּԪӡ֮һȥ·ǽʶٵ߻ħɣ
һɲǣϫʶʲôɫ䣬һǧ㣬©һ
Ǿ޷ͬʱȥ˸Ԫӡ̺У
ϫĶȵףʶвľʹٲһУԲˣ

ע趨УԹӵоŸԪÿһԪԶᵮŸӦߣֻÿһԪĵھλӦߣܹĩ֮ţƽ֮ء
ϫǵھŸԪеھŸӦߣСžŹһ˵
ˡھżԪеӦߣеߡڰλԲûлĩ֮š
⣬ĩ֮šƽ֮ءֻءͼߵĹϵԺٴдŻǰԣȾȳϫɱӦߡ
ΪʼգսǺͼֻһ£һȺӦߵս


1977 
ʹ絶۵óϫʶҪը
ȫͬļԪӡ˿Ұ㣬ײʶУÿһײϫһԵľʹ
Σգ
ϫʶأ߾ȫתȫҪһӡʶа
ˡ
Ȼжԭʶеĺͼȶˣ
ͷųɬĲһ˲ͽǰȫͬļԪӡ֡
ϫʶеľʹԻָǣԾǣͼסȫͬļԪӡ֮󣬾һӽȫˣ
⡭
ϫһӽӲһĻ˸ֲ
Ļ뵽ԼİּԪӡ񾹻ᱻͼ̵ˣ
Ҫ֪ҪЩԪӡȥѰռ;ȥѰƽ֮뿪ķأ
ˡ
ͼЩԪӡ֮󣬲ûоʹ˳ţͷųǿʢ첨
ܹͼһ̾ɱ㣬Ө͸ȻԣһƝΣ֮âһ־Ķǵζ
ϲϢóϫһɲǶȴһУԺһƬհףһֳ԰ε״̬С
̫ˣ
ԣ
һֱ˵޷Ʈޱȵ㡣
䣡
״̬£ϫȻûע⵽ƬҝأȻ쳹һ𶯡
ֱƽ֮ж𶯣һִصȻӿһĩ׽٣˸ؼ䣬ͷųɻصơ
һʱ֮䣬ҝƹ쫷ŭƣ裬ƽ֮Ⱦĩ٣㡣
һУϫȴ粻
ΨʶУͼƬڲϲȻӨ֮⡣
꣡
һƲ񷣬а㣬ݺݳϫڵλɱ¡
̫ɲͷųϢֱ٣Ҫɱ£һУ
˵ǳϫ¾ĵˣһҲòâ֮Ӳ
Ҫǣϫֱʱһɷԭأһ
ˡ
ΣֵһɲǣͻȻһһɱµ֮ǰ˳ϫͷС
һ֣ͷųһĪɵĿɲ֮һ˲ͽϫٿȻʧ
䣡
ڳϫӰʧͬʱһɱһٽһ÷飬Ƭܲر飬ʱ촷ۣһо𣬻Ϊޣ
ɲޱȵһĻϫֻˡ
ϧٱһص֮󣬳ϫʱѲһС

ٴԨײ
۰׹ǶѻһƬ׹ʬ۵ĺһ
ڰ׹ʮɸߵĩ֮ţһ̺Ȼһ棬ĩĻɫ¡¡ӳֳһؿɲޱȵ
ৣ
ʱ͵ѿֳһѪɫӰ
˫ָ°ӻȻĩ֮ϣ˵Ĺ
֮ĩ֮ϵʧ֮УһѪɫӰͬ˼Уþòԡ
ȻǸֻǿϧ޷ŵзһС
ǸСһӦѻռ;أ
ΣһλᣬһҪץסˣ
һ뵽⣬һѪɫӰ͵һƾǱΰޱȣһٿȻһƬãã׹Ƕϡ
£ֻһʱ
ѪɫӰʥԣٿȻһ֡
ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣬һɿɲɢһƬãã׹Ǻȫǡ

ûڴ˲֪µһ߾߰׹ʬһ̾͵زҪѹһ㡣
ᣬѾˣǧ֮󣬱δɵԸȥս£ȡյ֮أ
гϵУһѪɫӰʧ
һ죬ŵУ׻Ϊĩ֮󣬻֮ܲÿһռ䡣
ŵܵĽ֪ʱȻѿһϸСķ϶
һĨ϶䲻ۣһƬҶе㣬ûڽУ˸Բ
ңһּ仺ٶȲӡ
˳ȥֻһ죬һѷữΪһ޴ĿӣΪһɹŵصͨ

ϫоԼھκгһݣһɿɲЮţֻ沨
۾񱻳գڶܵһޱȵƣ
㲻֮ǰһС
оͺֻص˸սĩ֮ڵʱʶ˸һƬǵĳˮУΪ
ΨһĲͬڣһγϫʶûг׻ʹȥ
ɼˣȴֻƾԼ񵾲ݰ㱻Юţ沨š
˺ϫѳ侲һУʼ˼֮ǰʲô
ͼ춯˰ּԪӡͼһɱ䡭ٺ
ϫԽ룬ԺоԽǻң޷Լʱʲô״
ô
ȳϫȥһԵֿƣ糱ˮӿͷʱʶʱģһƬڰС
Ҳ֪˶ãôŸոչȥһɲǡ
ϫһ̾Ϣ
С㣬ҿ˰˳ǲѹˣϢʱʱ˥ޱȣƾιʳ鵤ҩǸãɾǻ췦ˡ
һŲԶ
壬ҪٵȵȰɣǼȻܲܰﲻܡ
һö
С㣬ǵʱѾˣܼʱУ¡
Ǿʹһ·
⡭ǵ鷳Ѿˡ
壬Ͱ˵ɣ鷳ٶ࣬Ҳһ
á

⣬ϫĪ˿Ȼ۾ȴжϳԼѾ뿪Ǻƽ֮أ
óϫжʱܣȻû뵽ᷢľˡ
ħ

ϫĬĬţѰϣԼ֮һúúñεľˡ
䣡
ȳϫٶ룬һϤƣٴӿͷ
ġ
ǳϫʶٴڰǰ̲סһ̾Ϣ
ֲ֪˶ãʶл㱵ĳϫֻһҲ֪͵
Ұϫŷ֣ԼһһϣⱦװżԼʣһƢ㡣
ⱦǸŮӡ
ϫһӾжϣϴһöȻԷǡħ뿪֮󣬲ûжԼܡ

һ̶ƿóϫжϳȫбۣڸ·ӱƵģ͸һɻ𼱻ǵζ
ӱ
ϫͲЦ
һѳ׻ָѣϧȴǿյһƬ״̬ɳֳһּµ״̬


1978 ѩ
ϫȻ֣Դӽĩ֮֮Լ˾˱仯
Ӷԣһһε޷Լˣͻıʱȫûκεֿͣ
ֱȷѴһƬƽ֮ɳϫȴη֣ԼһּȾȵĴС
ֹݽߣϢֱ֮ķһ㡣
ȣϫԼʶʱһԼʲôΣգ¡һغ˰ɣ
ʵףϫҲԼǿ󣬶ĩ֮ڵһУ̫ףڵǷ˼ǿ
ֻ沨ȫûκεֵ֪ͣĩ֮֮еһкֲ֮ˡ
ϫɣ¾ǵУֻҲˡ
ϾЩԪӦУס䣬ǵսҪôȵҪôȵǿ
£ϫܹѾǽˡ

ϫûж룬ǿʼ̽Լ״
Ϣ˥⣬õҲԵõָ޷תΪ
״̬Ҳζţʱϫ͸ûʲôȫûս
ϫҵǣԼ˥ޱȵϢһ޸ֻҪǿɵԼתӶ׻ָԼ
ָḶ́Ҫʱ䡣
ѰʱԳϫȴڶԣҲǵָһӼ顣
ͬսʧȥǷһЩ⣬Ǻֱ룡
ʶϫҲֻһʱУǧҪʲôˡ
ףˣ
ȻĴƿһö֮͸һɾϲ
ϫ̧ȥһžӳҰС
һòڵŮӣ촽Ө󣬺ᣬӨӨơ
һϮȹѣŨڷԺ󣬾Ͷ֮ɢһɶׯ羲Ķʡ
ԭü£ĳϫ֮üʱչһ͸һĨϲɫ
Ȼ֮ǰϫģŮˡ
ϫҪȴһָͷ޷ſ춯˶ȴ˵һ仰ûС
ʱЦѡ
ȹѵŮҲ˳ϫľȻһЦѲضԣ岻ʣ㾲ĵˡ
˶٣ҽһȻξϫľҲһһг
ԭŮѩܿѩᡣ
֮ǰеһλǰһǰǷħʱżȻˣеĳϫ
ڳϫ̫أƾξҲûлָļѩܿеλǰͬ⣬վųϫһ𷵳̡
ڸѩ·;ϡ
˽һУϫڳȷţԼǺƽ֮뿪󣬾ͱײŲƵǷħС
һʱ֮䣬ҲǸпѣѩܿƾԼ״ֻ̬¸޷Ƿħһˡ
С㣬Щġ
ʱһӱ⴫һµƿĻ˽ѹĳϫʱߵʱ죬ٶԡ
㿴λѹˡ
ѩܿЦӯӯ
ߵ˵ͷ㣬ɨųϫ¶һ˿⡣
ʵǺηϣǷħУ
߿ڣ͸һͱ˵ζȻԾϫ֮ͺܿܡ
ϫȻܹҲ⣬˭ͻȻһİˣҲɱͷˡ
壬λѸѣ֮ڣȹһٽ̸Ҳ١
ѩܿһЦֳϫѣλҸ׵ѣ孽ƽ̩ƺš̩۾
͸һĨԺ
ѩܿǣϫȴʶ̩㣬ֵúƽκηӦ
ֹѵ˲ģ
ѩܿԣ̩ȷһλĴ޵ߣһΪ۾ΣУҲƵһλ绽Ĵ
ϧϫû˵ˣ֪λһС
ϾϹӵǧ򾳣ÿһа޲֪ٸÿһУֲ֪˶
ϫ˵ϹѾв£ҲܽϹμˡ
ף޷һ仰Ϲʵ̫ˣ˵ǳϫһЩϹŶֻ¶֪Ϲеһˡ
ѩܿ߾һλ۾ǿ໤ʱϫʱжϳѩܿڵֻҲͬѰˡ
ѣȻٺòϷ򲢷Ѫ֮Щ»뵱˵С
̩ɫϣһЩ鷳Ϊ֣ڽ·;ϣֻ¸޷չ˵İΣԻָ֮󣬾뿪ǻҵҲĪ
˶٣ͻȻȻҲһЩϷκζС㲻쳣ٶصһʱ佫£
УѴһĨεľ档
ϫвЦҳ׻ָҪǲʮ㣬ҲҵĶְ
ѩܿ˿ϫЩ˼Ҫʲôͱ̩˱
С㣬֮Ĳޣ͸һɹŹֵζԺɵСһЩ
壬׵ģˣղ£
֮ǰЩļһָֻ
ԼԼأܹ˵Ľ̸ϧǽнԶҲǱãҲ
ϫһֱһ߲ᶯʬ㣬ȴڷɿ˼ѾȷԼ֮ǰжϲûгѩܿһӱǱƺһ׷ɱǡ
Ȼ̩û˵ѣһ˵ȷ鷳£ҲԾԼ˿ˡ
ԭ鷳͹ˣټһ·ϻҪչԼİˣ˭ųˡ
£ѩܿȻѡԼóϫ浾Ůмˡ
Ȼָһóˡ
ϫһٶ룬ʼȥһޱȵϢ
ϫѩ̩ܿһ˸·˥ÿֻܴڱУһһسŸֿٻָķ
һ·ϣѩܿҲżϫ졣
ϫĻָڿԿ˵ˣõѩܿҲ˲ѣǸоͺһΪ˲õ㡣
óϫżȻҲпѩܿһλӵĳĺùóϫɣĸ쵰ҺĶԸһλĵŮˡ
ĳҡ˭
ϧƾϫѯѩܿҡͷԲԸóϫģֻϫóϫ˾ˡ
ԽԽóϫйⲻȥоԼ˶Էһ
գϫᶨҪԷһѹص˼


1979 
ããǿУͭȫٷɳۣϳѤ쵵ĳ硣
ΪһУ̩мС㣬ϫǺεСӿɱȵģĶȥСӶǸģˣĿܺɽλϫȣ
˵̩ҡͷȻѡ
ϫ
Դϴε弫־ٰ۵Ƚֱ֮һҫ۵ǳΪϹʢһ콾
ͨ죬˫ѹ̫ϽǻꡢԺطһǿߣڸǿߣٲȻͬһʱŪ
Ϲĸ֪ɽ˳ϫһλľ
ϴ۵ʱ֮ãйسϫĴнֵĻ֮һ
̩ɿ֪ܲˣ
д˵ĳϫп̤֮
ͬҲд˵ĳϫѱĪĻŵУطϹĿܡ
ڴˣ̩Ҳ׼ΣгϫһֵصĴڡ
ΪһУڸղѩܿ˵ǾԳƽгϫʱ̩ŻԵ˲м
һǾϹɽ״ӣһȴϢ٣˵ļһĿܻһˣ
壬ҿɲû˵Ǹϫ
һԵѩܿһЦͬҲΪ˾Ǹϫˣֻһˡ
ӦòǻˣȻǵĴЩûκξɥҪǵæء
ѩܿЩӺͳϫĽӴǾͲһĨЦ⣬ܹܵϫҪԼġ
ƾ
̩̲סЦоǲΪȻҿԼѱҿºڰǣ˿δ̫ˡ
˵⣬ɫ֣صؿѩܿС㣬ԺҪٺֻ컬̸࣬ļһӴȾһЩϰԣν߳࣬īߺڡ
˵꣬ѩܿͷƵĸϵ˺ˣҼסˣЩ˵˺ܶˡ
̩̾ϢҿŴģȻ;ˣҿѡ
ѩܿ΢΢һЦ壬֪ҡ
̩ЦƵĸһѩܿԴǵж˳ҴӷħѰٵˡݡһ·⣬ԿԼʱ壬㸸׵ƾκˡ
ѩܿ˵ͷһɨԶããǿգɫȴЩˡ
૵壬δܼʱϻ壬ǲҸ͡
̩üǳ˵
ѩܿ죬üȴһĨ޷ȥգһ壬˵֧ŲסһӲҪ̤һߵԽԶԽã⡭Ϊʲô
̩üͷȴǲδ˵ʲô
壬һǲǶ͹ұйأ˵ҪȾָѩ֮ѩ
ѩܿȻڣɲ˵꣬ͱ̩ȳϡ
һ̵̩ɫԵüΪâתѩܿС㣬һж޹أԺҲٶ˵һ֣
ѩܿһ̩ģסðβŵͷҡס
̩ˣȴӿһĨ޷ʹϧƵİѩܿڻУС㣬İɣڣ˭Ҫ˺㣬ͱҵʬ̤ȥ
ѩܿͷ̩Уһе͵ȴδʹʧ
Ϊ̩ǼҵķӦõһУһˡ
ȻһХӺ󷽼Զǿ쳹ħ㣬¡¡ɢ
ã
̩һȻӱ߳
ɫһ̾Ǳޱȣ͸һĨ૵ĺÿ죬ǲǰȻˣ
Щ˸ˣ
ѩܿʱҲϾǾɡ
С㣬Ǽ·ЩĶͽˣס޷أҲǧҪͷң
̩һ̷ƻȥɱƣٲȻһľȻģ
ѩܿһɷף߬ס̩䣬壬ҪץңҪսһս
䣡
̩һ𣬾ͽѩܿ𿪣˵ȥҲĿ
˵գӰһѳǿгȥ
塭
ѩܿһʹĴ󺰣й̵᲻ػӡ
εĵжô£Ϊץסϧλ۾ֲ
£̩ǰȥӭսֱûʲô
֪۰ԼҲȥ޻أһӣѩܿȻо綼ûҰܵһ޷ݵıסϥҧأҲֹסʣ͸½󡭡
Ȼѩܿǣһ̩ӰӳУ
⡭
ѩܿһӴסݺԼڸȷԼûۻ
ʱ޷࣬˽̩У壬塭
һ̵̩ҲƺЩ⣬ɫ£૵ޣС㲻ޡ
ֱãѩֹܿסԼ̲סʵ壬ղžʲô
̩ҡͷһȻģҲҵִʱЩһﾹȻ类ɱˣ
ʲô
ѩܿһӾš
ֱֹ̩˿̶Щ㱣޷һУֱһһ
˾ˣ
⡭˭ģ
壬˵᲻
ѩܿʲôһ
˭
̩һ
ѩָָܿԶĵڶ
ܣԲܣ
̩Ժиֳһʬ˥Ӱסҡͷ
ȵȣȥ
ѩܿȴģӰһͳǵڶȥ
ˣ̩Ц૵ЩһɱҲŻġǴˣҹسͷУԲ

ϫ
ѩܿ˳ڶȴʧ֣ϫһϢٵģ
һ̣ɣԼǲ̫ˣпе۾¾ǳϫ׻ָĿܻǵĶ֣
˵ӣЩ˿ڶ̶һھͱȫɱˣ
ѩܿôˣ
ϫ۾ɻʵ
ûʲô
ѩܿһɿղŷһЩ⣬Ѿˣ֪ͨһ¡
˵ţųϫƺҪһЩʲôƵġ
ɳϫı֣ȴʧֻһͳԾ⣿Ǹղһ̶ѩܿû°ɣ
ѩܿˣģҡͷûû£úϢȥһЩ顣
˵ţ뿪˱
ĲҲԣôܻ࣬Ǹϫ
ѩܿૣţȴĪЩʧ䡣
ڱУϫȴһһ˿Ц⣬㣬ͼɣζлˡ


1980 ȥ

ϫδ£һУٿȻһĨ޵ճһӰ
ɽӴüһʯǿʣȻͼɣ
ϫĻͼæʦ棬ӦģԺǧô˵ˡ
ϫЦЦ˿Ļ
ʦģѱҲ½ƣǵĽ̸
ͼһӾͲ³˳ϫ˼˵⣬ȴЩʦ棬ΪλҪݡ
ϫεҶģݣ˵ȥ˭ˣ
ͼɲȻʦ棬Ѿǻһɱ٣ڣұŰɣ
Ȼ֮ǰɱЩѩܿһ˵ĵ˵ģͼɣ
ڻŵʱѽ֮͹ԡһ𣬱ϫڤ¼֮С
ЩУϫǿָһЩ޷жȴ㹻ȥڤ¼ʶѰͼٻػԼԣڸղţղŵΣռʱϫ̾ɳͼɣаѩܿһ˻һɱ١
ʱ򣬿ϫ˥ģõͼҲǵĲѣǳҪųϫ뿪еָ
飬ȴȻܾˣڻʱ򡣡
ͼһ㵣ͷɻʦ棬òῴС˰ɣ
ϫЦ²
ͼɺٺһЦԼɵֲѡ
ѩܿǰһæ;֮Ҳûʲô̫ұ뾡ȥǣԺֻⲻȥ
ϫһ˵
ǳϫ˶ãʮ
ţҾʦһ⡣
ͼɵͷԳϫľӡ
ʱ䣬ڰбǵȫˣҪһȡָ
ϫϣû˷ʱ䣬εľС
ͼɼˣҲӰһȻΪһ޵Ӱӣ˱䰵С

顭顭
ϫڣһϢһϪˮתڣѭ
֮ǰЩУڿԵֻһ̫ǣҲٵĿ
ǰٶ޸ȥҲʱ䣬ܹתڲ
ϫδʹ٣ЩУһֱڹ۲ʶеĺͼƬ
Ǻƽ֮еʱǵãǺͼ춯һǳײϵİּԪӡ
ҲΪʣʶһľУ㲻ʲô£˾ͱһɿɲЮߣһķʽ뿪һƬƽ֮ء
ϫ޷еľԭ򣬵ѴжϣԼ֮˥ģֻ¶ͺͼйأ
Ҫʲô
ǳϫĵһ⡣
ԴӽһƬƽ֮غ󣬺ͼƬˣƵƵ춯Ե쳣֮óϫеЩ̤ʵҪ˽һС
źǣƾϫֳԣҲûܹӺͼ̽Ѱκζ
ٴţǰһõóϫû취
˿ͼƬǡ˰ּԪӡ⾿ɺϣĳֹ
ԼѰٵһͼƬʱԽһɣ

ô
ڳϫչؾ޵ͬʱ̩Ҳںͷصѩ̸ܿ
Ѿȷ֮ǰְɱЩ˵ģ
ѩܿЩ䡣
˵ɽǸϫ
̩ЦҲǰһղڵȴʱ򣬿˵ǳϫģؿͷһüͷˡ
õѩܿȷд𰸣̩ʱ׷ɡ
壬˵ղ˭ǵģЩļһɶԹұϣУ˭ôӸҶԹұϵ˶֣
ѩܿüɻѡ
ҲЩԲ׼
̩̾Ϣȷǣλ˿϶Ͼܹڼʱھɱλ۾ڵģжҲһ
᲻ǹұϵĳˣ
ѩܿȻʵ
̩пܰɣ֮˭ѽһһɱ٣֮ǳôʱץʱ·ȡ緵У㸸׵κˡ
ѩܿ˵ͷٶ룬ȴ̲סֻһ۳ϫڵĵڶճĬԡ

º
̩Ĵ£ǿգʻһƬ״ϵС
ƬϵСϵѩ̾һϣӴ
ִ֮ѩܿԱ
һ죬ϫڱУѣٹʱǱԷˡ
ʱĵϢ֮󣬳ϫɿж˿ϥյݲ衢衢Ʒ衣
ԣϫЦѩܿһ裬ŵҿҪǰϲѩܿˡ
ѩܿȻһЦȷ壬һЩͨҽĳ㿴һϵơ
ϫһůЩѾѩܿ˼ŮˣȻԷѰ
ˣȻѾҪأܷңǾʲô鷳
Ѿǳϫһѯһѩֻܿ룬ûپܾ԰˵һ顣
ԭѩ峤ҲѩܿĸѩգڰǰͻȻˣ걻һ״̬У³ѩĿֻš
Ҫ֪ѩտһ֮һٶѩԣһ
Ϊ˻һֶѩ̩ܿͬѡǰħУȥѰһζСݡҩΪҩ֮ǡԽѩϵƻ⡣
ҲڷħУǾ˳ϫ
ϧҲ֪˭©˷õѩܿһڷ;УͻȻܵһɵж׷ɱ
˽һУϫʱȻͽסʵѩܿ֪Щ˭
ѩܿԥһ£ջ˵Ӧǧ򾳵Ĺұ壬ǧ˵ȥ
ϫ˵ͷȴһĨɱұϣɰ
Сơ𣬱ǰݹұܷͣʳϫɻûҶԷأ
ΪָҲʱȥұһˡ
ϫѣ
ѩܿϫþòɻ
ϫʱӷ˼ѣˣ˵㸸ϵƣ᲻ǹұµĶ֣
ѩܿɫЩҧӦú͹ұϷֲϵ
ǾΪʲô
ϫȷұֻ²Ե޹ʶѩնˣȻʲôͼ
⡭
ѩܿɡ
֣ʱ£ǿˣ
ڴʱȻһˬʺٿȻӱ쳹
壿ôˣ
ѩܿһüմҴȥ
ֻ³ϫһǷð˼ԽԽȤˡ


1981 
ϫ߳ʱͿѩܿںһòãǲĽӽ̸
ǽӱѩܿġ塱ˡ
ǵ۾ѩĵ̵ҲѰɱˡ
ϫһ۾Ϳ˶Էʵ
Ȼҵˣ
ǽӾ¶һĨ죬ҿһҩ
ѩܿȻͷ
ɾڴʱһ̩ȴȻףҩѱڿɲǴ򿪵ʱ򣬻ǵȷ壬ֵʱٴҲ١
ЩӲȴɡ
ǽӶʱɫһͣðβЦ̩˵ǣ̫ŭһʱ³çˡ
ѩֵܿؿ̩һۣƺЩɻԷ̬ǿӲ
ܿ죬ͱתעֻǽŤͷųϫɻʵλǣ
壬λǳϫ
ѩܿɿһ䣬ȻֳϫϫλҶ壬ѩӳ
ϫ
֣ѩӳͫȻһɫ΢䣬Щ¡
Աߵ̩ˣвЦԼһʱҲɣ
ͬʱѩܿҲ֪ѩӳˣǰĳϫǸɽ״ӡ
æѩӳһԼżȻϫľһһ˵
֪һУѩӳɫԻָƽ
䵱ϫޱȵϢʱǸҿ϶һﶨȻܻɽǸµĴˡ
һ뵽⣬ѩӳҲôԷһ˵˶ѣǱԼֶŮһ־µģֵöע
ǣƵĸϫ˵ͷͽ˼ѩܿϡ
ϫĿһУнסһΣԼĲǳϫҲβѰɣ
˵Է֪ԼĳϫʱǷ˷̬ܵȶԴԼ
ȻϫںЩСڣֻΪѩӳղ̬ת̫죬ֵҲ̫ܣõҲҡͷɼﶼȱŷ쿴˵ļһ

ѩӳȺڴˣΪ˽ѩܿһ˷أȻٶ
ܿ죬˱·ѩ֮̾طɳ۶ȥ
һ·ϣϫڱϣĻ·;ϵһƬǿշûвϵѩܿǵļС
ѩܿǣϫվһˣѩӳУֵˡأֵһɹĵزС
£ϫԲȥûȤ
·;ϳϫżȻһѩܿѩӳĶԻ˳ϫע⡣
·׷ɱǣ

ɿǺη

ǡأ
ˡ
ˣ
ţĪؾͱɱˣʱԭǴƴģȴⷢ飬Ҳء
δҲ̫˰ɣ㡭ûһЩʲô
壬ѵΪһƭ㲻ɣ
ֻ̫ˣϾʵЩ˼һЩ

һλƲûʲô֮ȴóϫѩܿԼԼѩӳЩ
Ҫ֪ǰЩ죬ѩܿǸԼˡ˵Щ׷ɱǵпԹұϡ
ѩܿȴδѩӳ˵һ㣬ԭЩѰ
ѩܿλĹϵôܣһЩҡ
ϫ˼
ûãһѩѻɣӨӨ˶ӳҰС
֮󣬱͸һ˶ı̫㣬һȺӳĵ޹⡣
ѩǣ
ѩ֮̾ڣһжĸʢ

һһصǹ죬ѩϵһƬɽС
һƬɽӺƵźһѩ̾ڵϣһ̫ѩ㣬Ρׯࡣ
ɽȻһʯɵĻֺ뽨۴αȣ׳ƮҡУӳĵһƬѩȰ㡣
ѩ֮̾أӴѲ֪ж£ѩǣء
ѩˣһֱܾ棬жա
ִ֮ѩܿԳ׷ɣüһĨҲɢһա
ڵˣ
Щӵļգѩܿסһֻĸо
߰ɣֻѵȺʱ
̩һЦŴߴٵ
š
ѩܿ˵ͷһ˱㳯ѩȥ
ô죿ѵҪһ𷵻𣿡
ѩӳȻָŸĳϫ˵Դ֮ѴһĨ䵭ų֮⡣
Ȼóϫš
̫أоͨҽĳһ
ѩܿڵ
˵ţϫЦЦ߰ɣҪ⣬ͳװȫˡ
ϫҲЦЦװûѩӳĻȥ
ѩӳˣƤײس鴤һ£ϫӰĿ͸һĨ䣬Ǹ֪ˣ֪Сһ

ϵıѩ۴αȣӨ͸壬ϲɣУһʥׯС
һ·ϣѩܿҴңųϫǴһ֮䣬յʱ֮󣬷ѩļǰ
ǼߴǧɣͨͣΡ룬ƾòɣͷų͵ѩ⣬ƬضȾһʥϢ
ѩ峤ѩԴˣ걻֪״̬֮󣬱һֱСıС
ͬʱҲѩصأλȨصĴǶ޷̤˵һġ
Ȼ˾͸ܽС
ϫһԸ̴ӴϢţôЩ֣
ԭѩܿǴȰѳϫϾѾǼصأʺϳϫ롣
ȻһȴȻ֣Լһ·ûпһ̴ӣһ˶ûУ
ǿտյģԵ̫
Ҫ֪ѩп֮򣬵е̴Ӷʮˣ
ڽ죬ЩˣЩ̴ӣʧ˰㡣
һ£Աߵ̩Ҳ͵һУ֮ǰżȥѩգǻȻûע⵽һС
ϫˣȴ̾Ȼ
Դӽѩ֮ͷЩԾԭҪѩܿģһѩ壬һвʲôټѩ̩ܿû˵ʲôֻܽͷС
û룬һеȷǲģ
壬ô£
ѩܿȻŤͷѩӳ͸һĨɫѵҲЩַʲôʲɣ
ѩӳͽ͵ЩΪ˵Եʣһֱ겻ϣҥ𣬸д˵дǰַѩ塣
λϺһʱ˶תƵѩУҲΪǵ尲Σǣѩܿɱ롣
Ҳ˵ͨһ̳ϫܸоѩӳֵЩﲻ˵
ѩ񾳣
ѩܿɫ͵رüǿʥأûҸ׵Ǿ򿪵ģǡ
ѩܿ
ʣѩӳɫҲʱһȳʲôʱˣ㻹ƽЩ֦ĩڣ㸸֪ģضʹļˣ
˵ţֱûͣȰο߰ɣǿɶڼеء
ѩܿؿǿ԰еķŭѩӳãһ˦䣬תȥ
壬Ҹˣճ
䵭޸顣


1982 ڵ
ѩܿ˺ȳ⣬ѩӳɫҲһѿòԭذΣæ׷ȥ
ЩԾ
ϫૡ
Ҳˣ
һԵ̩Ƴ˳ϫһۣ˼˶ԿĲˡ
ৣ
û£̩ӰŲգ뵽ǼС
ϫӣԳѡ
̩ĻȻûһ֣ȴӲ汩¶УϫǸصСɫѡ
ҡҡͷճϫҲȥ

ʥѩļУһаȴֳһƬ֮ɫ
ڵĳȣڵʯڵΡУӰҹׯ͸һѹĵϢ
ϫУһۿľһ񶦣ѩྻߣڴ룬Χĺɫ롣
񶦱׭ŷܵԿһЩ㡢롢ճ׹ȵȹصͼ
񶦾͸һѹϢǲһ𶦣һͨĴ㣡
һ˲õ鱦
ϫһ۾ϳ񶦵ȻѰɱˣԺԼеĴ䱦ͭǮ
һеӵóϫҲеЩ⡣
Ҫ֪еĴ䱦ͭǮɷֱɽ̫Ͻ̡
ѩеһ񶦾ӵв񱦵ƣжôˡ
ɽһɲǣȳϫȥпע⵽еЩأ
䵱еһʱס
ֺļУѩܿһ棬һˡ
ģһų룬ִһѩȵӡ
£ǺЦɻϢȴǷһڴԨɲ⣬¶һִɽӣЦǬϢ
óϫȻǣӾһλ
ֱ࣬ŰˣŮ٣ò䲻ͬһ޲Ϣǿʢ֮Ȼǰλ۾ڣ
ϫԿ϶Щ˾ԲѩˣΪȵִеѩӳ˿̾ǫʹӰһ࣬˫ִдġ
̩ɫ࣬һ࣬ɫڷŭ
һ˵ʵ򵱳ϫִʱеľƱֳֹص״̬ϸϸҲգʱѡ
ৣ
ϫ룬вĿⶼɨӶһϢ˥ʱԶҡͷջĿ⡣
Ǹо񿴼һֻϴԼأȥע
ϫһѩֹǷ˱ʣֱصĴ鷳
ϫɣѩЩʧ˺̴ӣֻ¶Щڴеļһֲϵˡ
ѩ峤ѩյĸˣЩһйˡ
ֵͬûɵǣһϵеıУѩܿĶѩӳӦǳ䵱˵˵ġڼ顱
һжóϫЩпһйȻ򵥣ѩ̩ܿû뵽뿪һʱУھᷢȾˡ
˭ΪʲôǻǵļУ
ѩܿһУ͸ޱȵķŭصС
ȻԲһС
ϧϵЩӰûлش𣬷ɫгϷʺͺ˿һֻԹͶһ㡣
ѩܿɫѿ飬˶Ҫŭ
壡˵˭
絶Ӱ㣬һѩӳϡ
ѩӳɿһɫׯصѩܿЩɶԹұϵĴ
ұϣ
ѩֻܿ˵һ˶ҪըЩɶĵ˾ѳԼҼУǸǡ
µĿֻźͷŭѩܿ롣
ұϣ
Ȼǣ
ϫԨﻮһĨײһĨɱȻͷ
ʱ̩ɫ˼£ٰ಻סеŭָѩӳƿڴû뵽ѩоһͽңͬ壬Եѩ𣡣
˵أѩأ
̩ף
ʱĻ᲻ףһıѾõıֻҲû뵽ʱ䣬ұϵѳ͸뵽ѩ塣
ͽ
ѩӳü̩ѩڲ飬ɲ๣
˶٣ҴϣҲ޷֮ǰԣΪ尲Σǣ˶ѱѩУûгҴҲͬˡ
ԣ̩ưһѾޱȣݺݵΪҪһУΪҪң
ܼ򵥣뵱峤
һ̣ѩӳڣӦҴڣûҵĻᣬԣֻұЩѵ֧ˡ
һΪȨϧֳĿɳĻ˶
ϫһУвӿһĨѩӳ湻޳ܱӵģ
ƾʲôҴ峤֮λãʵҲͬƫƫȴ峤
ѩӳЩе˵ǲǲƽ
̩ɫ࣬ú磬ѿѩӳΪ˶峤֮λѵɥĲĵز
ԣΪ˶峤֮λͰжҸ֣֪ΣյزΪ˻ùұϵİͳˣǹѩУ
ѩܿɫر侲
˵ʱĿȻһֱ￴ϷĹұϣҲ²ⲻΪѩӳͽѴӦѩ֮ѩǰɣ
žžž
Ӹ̾ôϻ۵С˵Ĳȷһ
˶٣ҡͷ̾Ϣʵ㸸ǴӦѡѩȫͲᷢôˣϧƫƫṆ̀ӣҵȡҲֻкʹ˺ˡ
ϫ޳ܵģû޳ܵģҪǿ˼ҵıȴƫƫһȫ˼ҿǵģֱӵ˼¡
ʱӺȻɫһ࣬һ˵ƣСϻ˵Ѿ˾ƣЩ˶ѺѩУҪǻŷأͽѩ
˶٣ָǴ񶦣㿴ڵ񶦶ˣ˱ķʮ֮˶ˣʱ򣬿ͬҲܻõѩ
ѩܿɫãǷŭģ˶г״סԺһƬհס
ӵΪȾˣ
οֿһԹұϵֲںͰλ۾
ϫһཫһпУѴжϳνѩȻʹڵ񶦵ıֲϵˡ
ܹģȻ峤ѩգŮѩܿ
Щϫϡ
Ϊϫɻǣѩʲôùұʦڣɳ˶ĵ۾֣


1983 ͦ
ճţѹġ
ѩܿһɫҵòʧȥ˻ǰ㣬
̩ɫ࣬ĿѣѿҪŭǰھƲԣѲһгˡ
飬ѩӳǵһ˿ΣΪͷؽеѩܿˣ㻹˳ӰɣִԲɶȫ
ˣұЩ۾Զ¶Ϸ֮ɫյؿϷٲȻһƿȫ֣ʤȯյģ
һ̣ѩӳĻѩ̼ܿܵһ㣬ʧأڣָѩӳҧгݵͽ㱳ѵĲֹҸףѩ壡һ᲻úģһ
˹͸޾ķߺ޺䡣
ѩӳɫһѩܿɱֶˣ
ɱң
ѩܿһӿһĨȻ֮ɫұ壬Բܣ
ѩӳʱЩܻ˵Щʲôȴһλõס
ºһЦƳѩܿȷҪôôˣѩɶѩУˣֻ¡Ҳͻˡ
仰赭дȴǴޱȣѩΪвֱһ׶Ƶģݺݴ͸ѩܿ࣬׹ߣɫһɲǲҰޱȡ
һλᣬѩߣٲѩ飬ǲ
˵⣬ɫǱõĮᣬȫ˶Ҫһȥ
ѩܿɷףӣҧܵһǰδеļ尾һ̣޲Լʹȥ
ȴƫƫ֪ԼһˣʧĿɲֹԼһ˵ѩġ
ô죿
ѩܿԴ죬հһƬ
С㡭
̩Ҫ˵Щʲôȴһ仰ס
˵һ孽ڵˣǲһᣬ͹ԹԱ죡
һ仰̩Ҳɫ䣬ľҳͻȷЩұϵĻ˾Ըôˡ
ѩܿһУкȻӿһĨޱȵľɫҰܣ޹⡣
ƺѴˡ
ʵһ룬Ⱦƣ˭ѩֻܿ¶ңòӰɣ
ѩӳҲѩܿı仯æȴѩܿͶˣȶ峤֮λΪһμ̳ߣúò㡣
ǹұһ˼ˣҲ¶һĨ־ЦݣѪУҪ֮оҲΪܡ
ҡ
ѩܿڣͳɳƣĿܣɫȻЩ˾ǰɡԼȴоǷأ
ڴʱȻһڴ𡪡ѩܿˣһнҰɡ
ƽɸȽޱȵʱ̣һװ㣬ע⡣
ৣ
ұһ˵ĿаɨӶ˵ǸһֱԵϰʱסԶɹЦ
Ҳŭѣȹؼʱ̣ۼѩܿҪ¶ѩһУȴһصСһƻֱ·
˭
һұϵ۾ʵ磬ɱơ
ϫһʱѩӳҲŭѣԣæ͵Сгϫ
ϫ
ѩӳ˵֣꣬ǹұһͫһһ
֣ǼֱϤˣΪܳһ콾һ峤̳˹ұܷ򣬱ǲڳϫС
ɿ֪ܲϫ
ټЩϫǰ𣬳Ϊ˫һȴ֣
ϫ
ֶԹұ϶ԣһ޷˵ܴ裬ٹǿʢ죬ǺͳϫɽһȣʱԵð޹ˡ
Ϊһԭõǹұ֪ɱұܷľǳϫȴٳٲչж
񣬵ղſڵ˾ȻǳϫʱҿЩұĵ׵˰ƵģõǵķӦŻԵ˼ҡ
һѩӳʱ֪ˣæ͵λˣҡ
ܿ죬ͰѩܿξϫĺгȷеϫɽǸϫ
óϫΪˣĿһʱҲЩˣĳϫҲûʲô
֪һ£ùұһ˽ԶԽһ
ǵɫͱòƣоϷŪһ㣬Щѿջ
˭󣬽һ֣ͰһȺԹұϵĴģ
ȷԵЩ
Ǻǣ֣ǲ֪
˭ֻҪ֣ͳͳɱ
֪ηһϰСȻҵǵųֱﲻˡ
Щұϵ۾ڷ׷׳ɱ磬еѹֵ˼¡
ʱϫվҪԼʱѩܿǸжǽš
䵱ЩұϴԳϫɱ֮ѩܿʶеѣҶһëҲѩ
ϣ
üЩؿһ۳ϫŵһֻ϶ѣȴҪͬķģˣѩķݶϣԸ
ɳϫȴӦˣ̾˿ǰһֻ̩軤סѩܿİΣ㹻ˣĽá
̩Ȼ㶼ԼĶ䣬Сӷ˲ɣѵûƣ
´˿̩ٱߺޣɵĿһĻĻʱɸоԴЩã㶼̲סϫԿǣһôģֱǺ֣
ɵϫ飬ӣûɵأ̩һеһԵѹȸУõһϣ˾סԹԵذųϫѩܿߡ
壬ϫʲôҪˣ
ѩܿҲһĻһͷˮգǾĶˣʲôʱˣǻ˺֣
ֹѩܿұһҲüѣϰСҪʲô
ԭѽҪɹһ£ȴĶƻգһΣû룬һﾹ֪ˣʼűˣ
ǿ벻̣
һӣһұϵ۾Ҫɱ˳ϫ
ӹ
ɻ֣˱ָ죬ѩӳϫֱ÷ζըһﻹס
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ѩӳһƾͳϫƷ죬Юſɲĵ۾ơ

ѩܿһޱȵļУԺˣĻ뵽ΪԼ飬ȴѳϫˣ
ڴˣϫȴȻ㣬Ǳסùұһ˽ԶЦ׳հСֱ̫ˣ
ɽһɲǣǵЦȻֹͫһı顣


1984 ǳϫ
䣡
һ춯صײԱ䣬ʢĿ
һɲѩܿס۾ȴƲסԼĻ뵽Լ¿Ĵ£Լ׶嶼ԼһʶõѣһȴΪԼͦ
ȷϫޱȣЩһϣƫƫأΪ˾Լȴվѩܿβж
ԣѩӳ֣Գϫɱʱѩ̲ܿסˣˣסҲ
ʦ棬ɱɱϻ쵰
Ȼһ쳹ѩܿһʦ棿ϻ쵰ô£
ʶأѩܿ۾ͻһ𣬴һĿɿڴı顣
ֻѩӳ˿̾һֻСƵģһСɽƵУƾҲ޷ɫоǾֺ
ǿ֮ӣ˿ȴ˳ڳϫǰѯϫ
ô£
ѩܿЩԼǲΣǰֵһмֱ̫˼ˡ
Լһǵ۾ҪԸϫֱֵ˭룬һɲ֮䣬ͱѹƷˣ
ǿ˭Ǵðģ
һֹ̣ѩܿ˶ס
ղŷһǶУѩӳʩչɱʱϫһֱԭһɵ˰㡣
ɾʱǿٿȻƾճˣһֱۣ̽ͽѩӳһйݿ壬ȻȰСָһץͽѩӳ׽У޷
սʽǼ򵥴ֱ˼£Ҳĵ˼¡
֮ǰѩܿ룬ѩӳһǵ۾ǰֽһ㣬һ
ɾ̫ˡ
̩ϫܵǿͷųƣһ£ѡ
ڳ֮УΨϫһɫ糣ݣʼձͬĶûѩӳһۡ
һ£ףϫǱɵˣӵ̣
ʱ֮䣬ǹұһɫ΢䣬˿ϫֿ˿ǿӣЩɲ
ǵĻῴǿͷųϢһܹӵеģ
ȴгϫΪʦ棬⡭ʵЩˣ

ǿӣȻͼɣ
һ·Ǳ٣׷ڳϫߣƾɽڵĴУԼĿɲΪҪЩˣҲ׾ٵ顣
Ҫɱ
ǳϫĵһ仰ǱסѩӳаһֵԻ⡣
ȷύѩܿá
ǳϫڶ仰һѩӳϵѪɫʣò԰͸ɫӿһ޷εľ֡
꣡
ӦֻһΡɽѹͷһ˲䱬飬ǰһڣʱʧȥʶҽжûü
ͨһͼ˦ֽѩӳ˳ȥƵģϧѩӳѾˣѪ׻ʣҲǷһκΪ
ѪȵһĻǹұһƤһɫ𽥱ء
ѩ̩ܿҲֻܵһޱȵ𺳣ԲƵġ
գ֮䣬һλǵ۾ˣ
ͻıʣձţһϢѹָС
㾿˭
ӵĿڳϫϣ
ҲͬˣΪǶǿӿڳʦ棬ԳϫƴӣǽԶʶϫֻ²ͬѰˡ
ϫ
ϫ룬ڵ
ϫʱˣ㻹Ҫƭˣ
ѩ̲ܿסһ˿ֵζ
Ȼڷص·;ϣЩĪɱĵˣҲǳϫǲǿӳ֣ڰаԼһΣ
һ£ϫʱЩЦãһֲ֪ν͵ĸо췢ģʼʼտɶûݣôԼˣأ
ѩܿ仰ţͲˣĸ˸ðҼʦ棿
ͼһ͸һɵĽ
òǸɽġ״ӡϫ
̩ʶʲô͵ɫһһڸ˵һĻ
ϫ˵ͷⲢûʲôġ
ɵõĿ϶һӣ˵ɫԶþ
ϫ
һﾹȻɽ״ӣǸ£Ŀĸӣ
ԼȻһʼûϳݡ
ѩܿͫţ˶µֱ޷Լ˿̵ˡ
̩ͬҲˣ뵽Լһ·϶Գϫ䵭м̬ʱоһ󷢿ֱ࣬޲óԼǶ⣡
鰡
ұһһɫ䣬ôһﾹɽǸϫ
ô
һɲֱ޲ðǻڵصѩӳһļһ֮ǰ֮˵ԷǸϫô£
ԣд˵ϫɥصĻŵУ޷𣿡
һұϵ۾ʲôڡ
Ҳɲѡ
仰ϫвһĨԭϹΪԼ˻ŵС
ٲ²⣬ѾԿ϶һȻǳϫɡ
Ȼӻָ侲һĨ΢ЦĻȣΨһɻǣһϢ湻˥ģѾҪ
˵⣬ѴһĨ˷ܣȻϫЦλһǧѷĻᣡ
ʲô᣿
ȻɱϫĻᣡ
һӣұϵ۾ǿҲӦϫ˥ģսضһ
ʱ򣬲ɱϫΪұܷ򱨳ʱ
һ룬Щұϵ۾ǿ߽ԶҲ˷ͼɣǲɵ
˵ͼһ߿ɲֹӵһλаλ۾ڣ
£ϫʲôǶ
һӣȻһ䣬еìͷֱָϫ
ѩ̩ܿҲʱһϫѩУǺֱ룡
ȻΣֵʱ̣ϫȴȻûһ˿ŵģڳ̩ǵҸղŵĻɣػѩְܿ鲻ùܡ
̩һԴ벻ףϫš
ϫȴǹ˲ֳͼɵսپ治УҲֻܶˡ
仰˶УԵÿޱȣõһ˽ԶŭЦĻˣڻû
ʦ棬ǧ֣Щͽţɣ
ͼƺΪţԸóϫ״̬ж֣˵Ҳüᶨ֮ɱ֡
֪
͵Ӱһչӿһɿɲޱȵơ
˽ˣȥɱ˳ϫⲣ
Ӵȣ˵ʱָһץΪһϹ磬ݺݳͼɱȥ
¡
ж֮ǰͼѴһâգһħ㣬һȭݺݳȥ
ͬʱһֻ첲ɨʮɽƣ¡¡ʱգǹұϰ۾ǿҲС
һ̣ͼɾǴһ˶Կұд
ֹǰԵ˵ã


1985 սȺ
䣡
ɲײڼ쳹ɢϯʢɲ
ŵŵţ
ͼ˱õ˳ÿһ̤飬ѳѷ졣
ƲδռκαˣȻǣƾһͼɾӲһ˵ȫ⣡
ǿһλͰλ۾ǿߵ֣Ȼͼһ˸Ӳס⻭ֱǾĶǣס
õԶԵǲѵѩ̩ܿʱɫһͣĿɿڴһδ̫˰ɣ
ɺȻϫԴȴ⣬üͷΪͼӦÿøɫ
ƲϫĲҲԼղŵıָеЩѿͼһƱǿʢ
䣡
ףֳһ˻ƽ޸ݺݻȥֱһͷ̫㣬ʱգ̤ɽӣǿƵ˼¡
Ƭռ䶼ͼɵһɱɲɱ糱ˮЩұϴȫ
һ̵ͼɣȷʩչսΪɲԸԼʦ濴ˣ
¡¡
Ƭ򱻳ʢԸûͼǿɽӰкֱײԵֳһƬ󶯵ҵļ
ɶ񣡡
ŭ𣬼һƵ񽣣Юƥâ߱Ƶ˼¡
ͼɵ̫ʢսϵǿõӵ̶ʱա
ӺҪŤתƣȴѹͼɵ棬ܹΪȡȥɱϫĻᡣ
ʶһսʱͬҲʩչ˻Ҫݺݴͼɵ档
ˣ
ƵĽӳֳɲĴԣݺɱͼɶȥ

ͼɴҰлƽ޸ƣصһ㽫һ顣
ͬʱͼ͵һץһػɬڿգǰɱİ۾ǿѹȥ
ۣ
ǰһ۾ǿ׵壬һϣͷѣ͵һѪ
䵲סһɵĿͼ˺ײеļƣɲɫ䡣
˵ս˿ɲ
Ļῴͼֻһһս죬ѰҲȻǾ˵Ķˡ
ƫƫأͼˣ
ⳬһĻʱðڵ˶־ŭʶ˴εĶ֣ûó
ǲٵ񱦣һʩչϷţɱͼɡ
¡¡
һɲǣ𶯣ʯعѡǽֽ߽⡣
գһ춯صıըУһڴ˲֪µĹϵǳױΪһƬĿķ档
ʱϫѼƲɶݵ磬Զս
ɱ
ͼź쳹ǵ񷶼飬һƬɲɱǣƱãϡ
ԽսԽ£ƣħ񣬻Ӷƽ޸ָأɨʮ˵ǰԵ񱩣ǿ˫
£õһ˱ǣס޷ȥԸϫ
սʼγҡŰƬضΪǧٿ׵Ŀɲ
Ⱦ׵۷Ծֻѩ̩ܿȫסС
ǹľɲĶԾ
Ҫ֪ǽս˫ɶһɫĵ۾ڣиλ֮
ÿһ߱󺣣תǬ֮ܣȴһսһǵȳǾ
Ǹ磬ֻһ޷Ĵֻˡ
ҲҺѩУܽԶнƷѻɢ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͼɵĴֱ㣬쳹ʮأһ̵񳹵׷ħȶڵɱ¾УսԽԽǿʢֵѹҲ𽥱
һɫƵƵãҲʩչ˳̾Χͼɡ
뵽һƳϫΪʦļһս֮ǿ죿
ѵɽ˶˱̬
һ̣һľ֮ŭͱֱûˡ
û˼ȥɱϫǰеעǰͼϡ
һ̫ǿˣɱƸ޷ˡ

λλѼֱֱ̫ǿˣ
Զս̩һ̱ýͰͣ˵ԴЩΡ
Ϊ孽ɵƽ̣̩ôҲһλǵ۾ǿߣиָ۷ǷΪƸΪꡣ
Ȼ˿̣ͼɺ͹ұЩ֮ĶԾȴȻ֣ԼǸûκһ˶Աȡ
̫ˣ
̩סһĨŨŨĴܸ
ϫ
ѩܿȻĿϫֹɫоηҲ֮
лֱ˵ǲôΪһݾ͸ıѵ̬ȣɾ̫ˡ
ϫЦŵ٩һ۾Ϳѩܿ룬ѩܿΪԼɽ״ӵݣںԼԻʱѲԾһЩǡ
Ҳ˼ֻǡ
ѩܿæͣ˰죬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϫ򣬰ҵľˣ⣬ҿɾûȥˡ
㣬紺棬ڿųϫ飬ѩܿûһů磽ⲻ١
գգѣҿǽˣ˭Ҳߣ
ϫݸ˵ͷ
λ˭
ѩܿĿսУײеͼɣס̾
ΪϫߵĹϵһѱƽ֮ǰǰʹࡢŭȻ
ͼɣɽеٮٮߡ
ϫڵʵͼжЩұϵļһʵ̫ƽӹˡ
һƳۣѩܿ¶ŨŨĺ棬Ҳɨ£ֽ
㿴ͼȻһһδٵ򾳱ԴЩұǿеλȻΪϳͼһأɰݣ򾳱Դ̫ϡ˵Ǵǿģ޷ͼȡ
ǰ۾ڡλѱͼɱˣҲա
Ż֪ͼڵ۵ʱ뵽ǰʮУϹ򣬶츳ޡ̳ȺЮ֮սѰԲܻĶˡ
ٿǵսֶΡ
ϫһ߹עսһ߽˫սһһѩܿƽȻȴħ㣬ѩܿ
񾳵ΪǸ޷֪һ۷Ծ΢֮ģڳϫ£õһĴţܵһǰδеʺ𺳡
һ̣һ̩Ҳϫ̺ԽԽԣһඥͷȰС
ָо̩δӵйģ
νһϯʤʮ飬ˣϫȻս˫ʵԱȣǻۺӵеΪͳݣҲ˿Եġ
̩ԣڵõһѵõĵ㲦ԺкսԶɹӰ졣


1986 
ϫӣ۾ڣۼ̺ûͼȡ
ȣͼɱǵ弫֮һɽӣɽУǸǡ츳ԶԶѰϵ
һε弫ٰ۵оͿԿʱܹеĵӣһǰţ֮ͼܹӱǰʮ֮Уɼ츳͸Ǻ֮ɫ
Σڽŵ֮ͼһδԴһ㣬Ϲв硣
ϾŮۣɶûһ򾳱Դϫ֮࣬ðżսصĻŵУΪڽʱӵԶѰ
£ټͼյɽϴУ֪ͼܹӳսǺεȿɲ
ǹұһˣȻڶ࣬ۼۺȴȫҲһܹͼᲢ۵ġ
ʶһսһʼעֵսơ

һ̣˳ϫսֵķ̩ѳȷԷ϶ɽǸ״ɣ
ΪܹһԾ͸֤ϫ߱ȻѳԽ˶Ծ˫ӵеǶ޷쵽һġ
̩ɻǣǰϫϢüֱһô£
ϫأ
ѩܿҲɻ⣬סʳ
ң
ϫܿѩܿе˼ʼεϷһ⣬ܿԻָˡ
ȫʢ״̬֣ܷɱЩļһ
ѩܿ׷ʵӯӯޱȡ
š
ϫ˵ͷȴû˵ĻɾԴ޵ˣȻȷǻԼ֣Ƭ̱ԽһսͼǰѾ
ɵѾͷûλͼɵѳƺϫΪʦ桯ôϫѵȻҪǿ󡣡
һԵ̩пһ䣬ȴЩɬ
Ǽǵã۵ʱǳϫͼɣҲŲ۷ԲεĴڶѡ
ɶ̶ȥǾѳɳزԼ۾ڶ磬ɾ̫ˡ
ɽĵ̰ɣΪɽˣȻһ޷ó
̩

أдһޱȵĲҽС
һұϵ۾ǿߣһ̱ͼһͷ룬Ѫɲ
ʱ֮䣬̩ѩܿ𺧣ײУ
۾ǿߵһߣûã½һһ˲ͼС
߱Դֱ߱꣬ӱȫͷж
һʱ֮䣬սѪȾգʵĲҽڶ
ͼһѪħ񣬻մ˵˵ѪҺӳĵˡ
ɱ
ͼźϣսԡѪս޸֮䣬ֱҪǬƿﶼ١
һҲڴ𣬲ǵȴ˷ŭޡǼɵͿֻš
սһ̣Ļ᲻ƾô˵ҲǰֱײмһĶ֣
һλλͬ鱻ɱ֮һֲڲ󡭡
䣡
ûãλ۾ڱͼһǻѪɽûüҽУͱе
ˣʣµӺһ۾ǿ߳׸еһ־
޾Ŀ־糱ˮ㣬ʼȫ׹ߣð
һ̣Ǳ˵ȥɱϫҲ˵ȥѹͼɣҪסԼòȷ
ɶ񡪡
ĿһԹޱȵ˻Ļ뵽ԭһɱϫľѻᣬȴΪһͼɶز۵
Ļ뵽ͼһܹӳǿս
Ϊû뵽ԵԼЩͬһȥӲŻ˷ŭͲʡ
һޱȵĿ־壡
ֱĿ־̼£Ӽûκγɣ͵رӿһҫޱȵڹ⡣
ڹֱʱͷųһɻذơ
ͼ͵һüʶܿ
䣡
ͬʱһҫڹȻըΪ׷׹ɢӾʧԭأƾһ㡣
ˣ
ѩ̩ܿԶһĻ뵽λ֮ǰӣһ̶ͬĶӣ
赨С
ͼɺݺһڣһͭۻȻǽʣµһұϵ۾ǿߣɫ価Ǿֺ;
䣡
ûзϻͼлƽ޸ݺݻӶͽһұϵ۾ǿɱ
һУͼɳһʶʲôƵģԴһڨڨϫߣʦ棬ղš
߾ߣ㡣
ϫڵ
һĻѩ̩ܿͶŴ󣬶ɱô๫ұϴͼɾһ°ģ
ǿϫ赭дģԴһΣ֪ݴ˿̵ˡ
ղţˣʦ㲻𷣣ҲЩⲻȥ
ͼ̾˿üչΪûӶѡ
ˡ
ϫͼһۣûûɱ´μɱҲ١
ޡ
ͼɵͷһģ
ѩ̩ܿˣһȻ⻹ǸղǸսԵǿƥ
ѩܿѽȥЩ˰ɡ
ϫȻڣѩܿѹͷ

ѩļѱȥԲ֮ڵһнҲ촷һգعѣһƬǽ塣
ϫһƨһѵʯϣ˼ͼһ࣬СĽϫ
ѩܿѾ̩һǰѩȥˣЩѩڲ飬ϫԲȥ¡
ĵǣһܣǹұϱزưոˣǲҶԸԼǱȻŭйѩͷϡ
Щ鷳
ϫ̾˿
ʦ棬ղŵȷˡ
ͼɵ
㣬ɱǼһò˶ãҲұϵע⡣
ϫֵ
ǿô죿
ͼü
ֻٵһʱˣô˻ᣬҲ԰ҵ޸
ϫƬ̣㼴˵ûʹ뿪һұǰѩ壬ʵ롣
ڳϫȻԼѰѩܿˣԲܰ;ϣôһ̯ӡ
ȻֻȨ֮ƣʵָʱǰǹұһ⣬ȥĨһ
ϫһƽ
ֹΪ˰ѩ壬Ϊ˽һѽµĳԹ
ǱұܷˡơʦȱˣпܻڹұС
ϫɲһУ
ʱԶȻһõóϫ͵شӳ˼ѹ
ʦ棬ӦЩѩ˶ȳˡ
ͼѵ
ȥһЩѩˣסҪǰҳѩϢй¶ȥ
ϫڷԸ
ʦأ
ͼ̲סʵ
ң
ϫЦȻҪһʱ䣬ˣһá



1987 Ӻ
ۣ
Ϊ˵ѩӳ߸߹ڽ̼ϣѩ˵棬ѩܿһ
ѪˮȾա
ڳЩѩ˽Զû¶κһ˿෴ѩӳ˶еġ
Ǻһѩܿɽ״ӳϫѩ嶼ܱˣ
һУȻΪѩ𣬿ѩӳ
ʶڴѩӳû˻ȥͬˡ
һУѩܿѩѩ̩ͬ£һͼ

ȺԶֿһ·еĿҲ׷׾ۼԶͼϣɫǲƵشһĨ棬غ͸м
Ƕ֪֮ǰһУҲͼɵɽˣͼ֣ŰǻһΣ
ȻֵǷԷθȥغ͸ж
ͼɵѣζлˡ
ѩ幰ѩĴϣ峤ѩջ֪״̬У£һȻѩѿˡ
ؿʦѩܿѣЩҲӦõġ
ͼȻЦ
ǲ֪ɷ԰лһϫѣ
ѩԥƬ̣̲ס˵
һѩԳϫֿҲ׹йسϫ¼Ը䡣
֪һλɽ״⣬ѩҲǼѡ
ǸҼʦչˣѾʱǹұϵٴ
ͼڵ
һ仰ѩһ¶һĨԭҲڵ⣬Ͼοаλұϵĵ۾ѩС
Ȼϫǻһѣһϫʹ뿪ұô죿
ͼɵĴ𸴣ѩԣֱ콵ذ㣬õֱԳϫмԸӵĵز
ͨ
һ̣ѩ徹ǺȻ¹򣬳ͼߵ׵ллԺκβǲѩصǣ
ͼɶʱסĻ뵽ѩԵ۾ᳯԼ¹лˡ
ɺܿ죬ͼһĻˣѩ֮󣬰ѩܿڵѩˣһͬʱأ
ǣ
ǣ
ǣ
뻮һ쳹أһ̵Եׯ϶¡
ͼæѩ壬ȴԿЦ¿ɺˣҲ߲ˡ
ĵһĻʱͼҲипѩ嵹Ҳ֪ͼԼʦһ⡣

ϫȻ֪һУ˿ͼɵбչؾޡ
֮ǰ֮ԷԸͼɣѩй¶ԼϢԭҲܼ򵥣Ϲĳ̫ˣ״̬һѶʵϡ
ȻϫҲȷ֮󣬶ȻҲй¶ЩϢϾϫ̫ˣһɽ֪һУǹұϿ϶ˡ
ҲϫƲǰ㣬һս֮һϢѩĵϣһɲҵĶԾ
ʱ󣬴Ҵš
ڳϫչصĵһ£ڿƾ
תõŵĲҲѣ籡֮
ڽʱУϫʼһֲ˼ٶȻָţ̶̲ʱ䣬ѻָ˴ս
һʱУѩҲָƽǹұ徹ǺسٳûǰõѩһѩĴǶԾһ
Щӣǿһֱ񣬵ǹұϵȻɱˡ
Ϊܵǣڷʳѩܿߢġݡ֮һֱ֪״̬ѩ峤ѩѹڵƣò˶ãɸԭ
ڱչصĵڶ£ϫʵ׻ָȣٲȻѻָ۷״̬С
Ҳʱϫƾǿ֮ڲʶͼеһЩܣ
ʶУͼŲһ
ɵϫУȴ֣ⷢ˿ƴһĺͼƬϣԽһԪӡ
ЩԪӡԳϫԼģ
óϫһжϳΪԼصĺƽ֮֮󣬻ˣԭԼǱͼƬȡˣ
һеĿģȻΪ˽ǰ˸ԼĻԵӡ
ǣͼΪҪô
ϫԼһԤУ˸ԪӡԼʶڲϳײԼ߻ħȻձͼƬ⣬ôĿģԲ˼ˡ
ϫȥ֪ȴһ˼С
˿ͼƬּԪӡ˴һһϣĪǲʲôϵɣ
ӵһԪʼѾǵھŸԪԼҲǵھŸԪеĵھŸԪӦߡôԼϣȻҲһھżԪӡ
ˣǷûҵĵھſͼϣҲԼϵļԪӡһϵ
ţ֮;ϣšǷζռ;ľͷ
ƶϣ˵ԼѰٵǵھſͼʱ͵ҵռ;أ
ϫݣ˼ȴԽԽľ·𲦿ͽȥһɰ㡣
Ǹָе£һּΪìܵĸоóϫʶû
ǵھżԪĵھŸӦߣӵǰ˸ԪĻԵӡԼ˿ͼƬ
£ϱȻҲŵھżԪļԪӡȻϫԼļԪӡ
ҲȻŵھſͼͬϫҲھſͼ
ƶϣгһҵھſͼʱͻᷢһЩ飡

գϫһӳ˼ѹ
޷жԼݳĶǷģȴܿ϶Լƴյĺͼʱ϶ᷢһЩ飡

ûãϫء
ʦ棬ѳ׻ָˣ
ͼɾϲ
ϫ˵ͷע⵽Ǵ˿һֺ뻪ıѩУټĵֻͼˣԵÿյġ
ûɣ
ϫʵ
ͼҡͷȥˣұǱһֱûжʦ˵ǻ᲻ѳˣ
ϫһҡͷܣʧλ۾ǿߣκε򶥼ԣһޱȵĴұϿɾˡ
ͼüͷһ壺ѵ˵ڰһһ
ϫ룬пܣΣٵһȰɣѻָҲ̷š
ͼɵ˵ͷʲôٺһЦһȻһӨӨ񶦳
ƣʲô
ǡѩһڵ񶦣ôУ
ϫһ۾ϳһǼ룬һȴ䱦ͭǮĺ鱦
Ҫǣ˶пܺǡѩйأ
ͼУô£
ϫɨͼһۣɻ󣬸òһǿдѩҪİɣ


1988 콵ʬ
ͼпһ֪ϫˣæʦ棬ѩ峤ִҪ͸ģƴҲƴǲ
ϫüǺ⣿
ڵ񶦿һ˲õĺ鱦ǡѩйѩҪлԼͳЩ̫ˡ
ͼɵѩյ˵ڵмֵĵطڷӡġѩŴ˱Уӵв˼֮ã޵߳ʱԷӳɹĲã
˵ѴһĨȡ
ǵģͼɵ֪һʱҲ⣬ڳıﰡֹ󣬼ֱǿ
ϫһ˼ȻˣֲǹұϻʦڣҪǿˡ
Ѱ޵߶ԣѩ󣬵ȴõϣɶЩ־ڳ޵߶ԣȴһֿٵϡ屦

ǰϹϵĴڣ£ܹﵽز޵Ҳ֮٣
ǵ򶥼Уܹ֮ӵȨƣԶΪӵеǿ
ɽŮ洹ԺԺ̫Ͻ弫УͬһֶĳȻڡ
ΪȾͻѰϵ֮·ʼȥ˴ˣ
д˱֪κһԣܹӵһλǿǶôѵõ顣
ѩȻӵܹԳ𵽲ɹãҲ֪˱ֵ֮֮
Ҳֲùұ֮ǰǲһλͰλ۾ǿһ˭֪Ϣֻ¶̰ɡ
ֻ׹ףϫɻЩţѩվѴԼ
Ҳ֪ƾǶ޷ٱôģˣãԻƽ
ͼɰԼƲ˵˳ͽƥûӵбǵѡǰͳȥ
ͨ£ǲֹǳǵĶ飬ڼӺɽ˹ϵڱס
ͼɵķϫʱȻؿͼһۣ͵ò
ͼͷЦѡ
̾Ϣ˵ǾǿǿλѩܿϣɸûʲôˣôԵЩ˲ˡ
ϫĪҪЩѩôҲɷѿģΪѩ峤Ȼؿ棬ӦκζֻҪմ棬ζȻҲͱˡ
˶٣ϫЦ֮飬ؼƽ̫࣬Ǿ͵ǰѩܿıˡ
ͼɵ˵ͷ

ҹ֪ϫչضѩ峤ѩյİ£صΪϫһ¡ʢ硣
á
ѩӭ˿ŵƽʣͨһƬ
ѩһڴϯλãֱųϫѩաѩ塢ѩܿͼɵȼˡ
ѩеѰˣûʸϯеģд˱֪ϫܵĴ֮ˡ
ƹѲ˹ζǱǢ
ѩƳȴǲϯһʼƵƵϫƣ̬ȳ֮
ϫҲ̷˶Է⣬߲ܣõһѩ˶ϫˡ
Ϊɽ״ӣϫ̬ȴܹ֮ǫ񣬺ưȷøС
˺ѩܿҲʼϫƣʢװһˮʤѩҾ¶ǣϸǷһĨ죬ĵ޶Ŀ绪
ϫοлˣЩһֱڵģԺ󡭡Ժѡ
ѩܿһƣ룬Щ΢͸һĨˡ
ġ
ϫʾο
ѩܿգգȻѣԺô
ϫȻѩܿ˼ˣԷǵгһԼ뿪֮󣬿¾Ļˡ
İɣ϶ġ
ϫЦЦοҲ㣬ҲǰɽҰ
ѩܿ۾һϲӯӯ˵ġ
ϫȻȻ
һֱԱ߹עһѩռˣЦ״ƲؿЦôȥˣ⵱׵Ļͷһ֣ⷢѾͷ⣬ǶκӶٴɫģϫĪҪꡣ
֣ҧüء
ѩԣԶЦϫѩܿĿѲԾһĨ
ϫüͷײһ壬˿һѩܿȴ̬䣬ΧһԻȻ
óϫûж˵ʲôȴѰԾȽ˹ұϵ󣬱뿪
ΪģѩշѩܿԼ²ɣɲ˶ʧȥѩܿѡ
ʦ棬Щ԰ѩƺѩܿĻѩͳ׺һˣԺ۷ʲô£ɽҲӲˣϼһﵹǴһֺ̡
ͼɺȻ
˵꣬ͱϫɿϵ֪ض˵ˡ
ͼһϫЩãʱ첻ԡ
˿̣ϫҲ̾˿ȷԲѩܿ⣬ȫѩҪһ¡
ѩ֮ô²ֹǿеǳϫˣл˲˼
óϫʶһų⣬˿ߵѩܿϫջסˡ
ѩܿĵ磬Լ󣬸һ·ϤշԼóϫһֱмģѩܿϣҲ˶ѩõĸйˡ
ˣôѣ
ϫתƻ⣬Ȼ֣һ·ѩ̩ܿڴС
һϵ孽ڵͽͽհѴҴ뿪
ѩЦŽһ䣬ϫתƻ⣬ҲټղŵĻ⣬þա
ϫ˵ͷ
ʱǴ⣬͵صײײһӰִеˣˣе
һɲǣԭޱȵĴУʧͣжĿˢˢһӰϳԼеһʹӣʱЩɲ
ձó
˺£
ѩüȳ⡣
ˡ˴ˣö࣡
ѩʹӽͰ͵
ˣ
ѩ˵һòǹұǰ˰ɣ
ߣȥ
ѩճɫ󲽳ȥ

һӣҲ׷ӿȥһԭޱȵʢᣬʱͱһͻأϡ
Ҳȥ
ϫԨĹЩͲǰĵǹұɳ
ϣ
ͼɴЦϷһĨײеݣΪ˷ܡ
Ҳȥ
ѩܿľʱѹųϫһ𣬳ȥ
⣬һƬһֱ£Ĺ
ѩѻ
أ
ϫӰ߳һӰ͵ش׹ɳƵڵϡ
һʬѪģûзκ͸
һʬģϫʱͫһС
ǺȻ̩


1989 ӭս
ʬѪģ˭ϲȻհ뿪̩
Ϊһʵ孽ڵƽ̣Ϊһ۾̩ɱʬ
һɲǣѩڵѩ˽Զɫ䣬⾿˭ģ
䣡
ҲڴʱԶУȻըһ޴ѷ죬һӰӳֶ
Ϊ׵ģȻ֮ǰߵұӣ
ߣһΰӰŮʮһ֮ࡣ
һӵĴ¸һ֣ƬضһɿɲϢѹϢɫ䣬
ǺȻһɫڣ
ȻǹұϵĻˣ
ԣϡϡϡϡϡ죬òЩ򶥼ɳ˸еǿ߰ɣ
ôô
ǰڲ֮ϵʮΰӰȫѩ˶ʱ궯УȻɫ
ʮλ
Ժɨˣ
˭һٳٲıѣһ˾һĻ
ԵĿ־忪ʼڿУõЩѩ˻ȫһľС
ȱɿл·
һ̣ѩյһѩĶȵףһִͷĸо
ѵһѩڽ
ѩ壡
ѩѩ屯һ̾Ϣɫ޹⡣
ѩֻеһһʵ䲻۾򣬿ɸҲһǿ
£ʲôʮλԵ򶥼еǿս
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
˶Ȼֻ̲
ΨϫͼԵüΪ侲ȻҲʮλڡ
䵱֪ԷвֹԹұϵǿߣлϡϡϡϵȼ󶥼ǿʱϫʱףԷǳԼģ
ΪçŻʱϫһնɱũұܷ򡢵Կһ
ЩһɶֱЩ򶥼У
Եȷһ˵ݣϫ̾жϳ˶ԷĿģΪɱԼ
ֻǶԸѩ壬ʦˡ
ϫԲ²⵽֮ǰʱУұ֮ԳٳٲǰڰϵҪɱԼ
ǿԼ
ϫипȴĮȻһƬ

սţ
Ƭضɫ䣬һ־ԵļžУ綳ᣬһϢĴ
Ǻǣû뵽ûѩվѹˣЩϣѾҪ㣬ѩ壬
ϣЦһɨȫѩϣ͸ޱȵĺ⣬صؼ䡣
ѩ˶ɫ䣬ɫҵ˶סɪɪ־޷԰Ρ
ЩڶԣǼֱϰ㣬ûС
Ϊ˴ʵ̫ˣЩǿ߶Կֱѻʯ۵ûʲô
ϫǴѩܿѾͷ߰ɣƾǵԿģֻϣܺúչѩܿұҲ޺ˡ
ȽޱȵľУѩպȻϫб룬һ־Ȼ
ȻӵʮλǿߣѩնԳϫͼҲʧȥģ㡣
ףҲߣҪʹһҲҪһ𣡡
ѩܿһȻҲõѩյĴ̲סеı룬Ե
ߣЦ
ӻȻĿɨӹ絶Ӱ죬˭Ҳ뿪
ϫ߰
ѩսϫѴһĨ
һ̣ϫסһ̾ǰѩܿļȻѩյǳģһɡ
ʲô
ѩһ㵣㶼Լ䣬һ˲ɣǿʮλ
ֹѩգһѩԣҲһޱȵı顣
һУϫȻûϣһ̤˼Զһϡ
ʦ棬Һһ𡭡
ͼ˷ܸˣɻ˵꣬ͱϫϣ£ˣһսͽˡ
һ仰ͼҲҪȡһ£ɵϫǵĮʱʱϨ˼޾ɵ˻ȥ̾Ϣѡ
ϫòǵİɣ
һ£ѩڸȷϫǿЦһȥԿʮλ
ҺǵĶԹԵԽ
ϫȻ˵һ䣬δ£ڿն𣬸ڲ֮£ңңһˡ
ǣ
ϫ
Ҫ廯Σ̫ˣ
˵̫磬ǿʮλϫһˡĿǶ֣
ô죿˵ĻǸҲûʲô𣿡

ϫڲ֮£ԶѩҲ׷
գȴû˿óϫǶԳϫûţεĵʵ̫ǿˣ
һʱ֮䣬ڳ˵ĶסǵǳϫҰܶųϫܹһ漣˼ֱìܸӵ˼¡

ϣϫһվӲ΢΢һЩ⡣
Ͼ͸ֳһĨεĺԹ֮ɫҧϫԭһΪ֮ززˣж˿գû룬㵹Ǹһϲӿ湻ģ
ǳϫ
ԭĶ
ұֲûƭҵȣСȻһǧѷľʱ
һ̣ߵһǿҲ׷׿ڣЦ˷ܡ̡
ϫƲǰ㣬ЩԵͬϹܾ֮ۼһȫԳϫһ˶
ȻϫɽУһٸҲ˾ˡ
֮һ޷ǿϫ䵥ɱһʱˡ
ϣ
ϫָŶڵУȻһԹҲʱһˡ
䣡
һ˲䣬ϫӿһƬȻɫԣֱ֮⣬ţһֵȻ
ͷϣֳһƬͶӰһתУǳѭϣͻ
֮䣬ڳ˶һ·ϫһˣǿʢ˼£õò˾̲סη޲ùȥĤݡ

һɲǣһҲкݺһ𣬲ϫͷųϢѾ߱ƣ
ôܣ
ǰ۵ʱŲ񾳶ѣ̶ʱУǵͻƣΣﵽļٶδҲ̫˰ɣ
ֹǣͼɶסŴֹͣҲǵһ֪ʦӵɲΪ


1990 ֮
ҹɫ£ϫһˣӵһڣ̫Ԩһ򵱹Ī֮ơ
һ̣ϫͷųƣ𺳣š
꣬һλǿɱΪһλȽٶȣֱǿ˸񣬾ף
ֲţԭʵѴﵽ˿ֲĵز
ѩૣɫиֳһĨ֮ɫ𺳣ȴܡ
ͷ·ھѰٵһϣ⣬ѩԭ۵滺١
ɽˣȻұܹġ
ѩҲпѡ

ȿֲΪϹУ֮٣

һ˵ɫһϫչֳƣͬϡ
ã׼֣ʮλǿߣвϵĴڡ
Ӱ֮࣬ᶨɱϫͷСٶ̫ˣȥԺ󻹲֪ɳεȳǿĵز
λçŻʱЩûб񡭡Ҳܹӵɾ˰ɣ
ͳ͸ޱȺ⣬ɥڳϫеĹұܷ
һ仰õǿҲһĨ⡣
ǰũࡢԿǵûȡõĳɾܻǳϫ
һɲǣؼ䱻޾ɭȻɱ⣬һϫĿУԶޱȣ޲˶ɰ㡣
϶ǣٷϻɱҲǻˡ
ϫҡͷɫһĨЩϻ˼ֱԽԽͿȥũǺԼȣʵЦ
ϣ
أһһ̤͵ظֳһɫ񽣣һɱ
¡
Ʊ˺ѣɫĽ۽𺣣һɿ񱩵ܣɱϫ
һɲⷽԲڵأУҰƵƵ飬ѿһһ޴ѷ죬Ӱ˷
ڵƣǧߣһѾõڵУҲһŵĴڣԶ
˿̺ŭһͽչֵ쾡¡
ȫѩɫ䣬ĩս٣ӲԼҪٶ
̫ɲˡ
ǿһ֣Դݿǳ£֪жôء
ϣ
ͬʱϫҲˣ죬һĨӨӨտȻĹӽ籡ͶԷӲһ
Ƭر飬ʱӿɢѩ֮̾ض䣬Ŀǽ塣
ҵǣײ֮ǰͼѼƲʩչӲЩѩ˶ߣܵԶԶģűܿһ١
Ȼһನɢ£дѩٲɡ
أ
УǧӰȻһĺˣνУϫˣ
ɫ͵һкȻѣСǿز

ʱϫѴʱգÿһ缡ж籡绯һƬ֮Ͻǵأˡ
ɱ
ũٴγ֣гɫ񽣿񱩣Ϊ潣Ժɨ֮ɱ
ӵҲûеӰ˸˷ź͸֪ϫѰһɱĻᡣ
ǿӵǧߣԸһ½ĳϫǴ´࣬ѹ
䣡
ɾһ̣ǺȻһĻˣϫٽ赭дһӲǧߵĹٴ飡δ赲һ֣
䣡
˷ӦϫٴνнӳֳһصĽ󣬺ݺѹȥ
صһǧеĳɫ񽣱飬Ϊ˸ʮɽƣݺɳȥпѪɫȻò԰ޱȡ
һɲǣȫȻ
ν棬ǧߣǲгϫױ
ôܣ
ͬǧ߱ȳϫ磬ٲȻͬһϹĴڣȴ֮Уͱ񱦣˶ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
һ˶ʱɫ䣬Ÿտսѣƾᷢ˾˵ı仯ϫʩչƣҲ̫Ҳʼϲ
ৣ
һУϫȻᣬڻǧ֮ûκͣ׷ɱϣϴȾѵʱ
ǧɫ԰ףᵽһΣϢ
Ļ뵽εĶ־˼֣ȫԤУ֪ˣȻ˲ִٳս
ɴʱѲȥڣΣͷʶһ˹Ĵؿڳֳһͭԡ
أ
һɱݺնͭϣײͭʱȻ顣
ǧ߻ͷѱѪһҽкݺݵ档
ҲҺһͭǧһ֮£϶ٶɣ
һ£ͼɶס૵ʦҿ̫ˡ
Щѩˣ˿̶ǳͣɫͣһĿģ
ԭǻڵǳϫǵ˶֣ȴĻ뵽ϫսǿֲ˹
ˡ
һɫ«ڿգ»⣬ס˳ϫĲǧ߻һѡ
һ˳ˣĿһУĻٹȥ׷׼񱦣Ȼ˷ϫɱ
һʱ֮䣬Ƭؿŭţʱձֳֿ֮ɲ
һǿ֮߳ĩս١
ѩ̾һ򣬶ʼҲеڷ׷ײֻӴܣһƬҵĳ
ͼɫأЩǣʮλּлõҲòĳϫİΣ
ЩѩѺȻʧ룬𺧵ԺһƬңսеһжֻϫ
ֻ˶ŵǣϣϫȻһˣȴδѹֳһƽɫ൱ľƣ
˶ֹǿʮλԵ򶥼еκβóϫһˣ
̫˳Ծʱ䣬ϫһֲ˼Ľٶ̤زⱾ˸е˼ȻӲʮλļлܣֱǿÿˣ
ϹУܹϫмˣֻ¸Ҳڶ˰ɣ
һˣ˿̸𵴣ĪŭȻѡ
ԭϫ֮Уǧʶϫһǿ󣬿û룬ʮһʱ޷ѹסϫβ˺Ȼ
Щ޷ܣһСģӵս
ɱʩչȫɱϣվƿв⣡
ӴʶƱء
ɱ
ѣҲʶһ㣬ʱ¶׹⣬ʩչ˻
ս֣һӱտɲˡ


1991 
Ƭ𶯣񱦷ɴܣкһըɲս磬ŰХϯʮ
ѩ֮̾أʱΪһƬ棬Ŀǽ塣

һڵ񱦷򣬶ʱգϫʺݺݴȥ
ϫһӣ㽫һ𿪣ǧ׷ɱ˸ղˣսûɱϫоⲻȥ

أһԲƵ񱦵ո֣ӳճ꣬һʴá

ϫףһȣХ¡һ㽫һԲõɳȥϡ
죬Ӱ֮䣬ָأ
һ˽Զ־ŭƵƵʩչѹֶΣΧϫκһ˿
̫죬ղԺ½ܹѹ
¡¡
սҿͣƬضһֱĴ֮С
£ͼֻܲϴЩѩ˱ܣ˲ܱⱻС
ͼɵѣôʱȥǰԮϫһһУ㽻ðɡ
ѩպȻͼɣѲɳϫսǿ󣬵ȴЩĳϫĴǱϾʮλ֣һһЩ⣬ʵ롣
֪ͼɵսҲǿ֮һ֮ɱĶӣǽұϰλ۾ǿȫɱ
ʱͼȥЩˣɾЩСˡ
ˡ
ͼһԥջҡͷܾˣȻͲǰʦϫսԼְǱЩѩˣʦɲȥΥ档
ѵͲģ
ѩһסʵ
ġ
ͼɻشĺԥţʦȻôͱȻʮİȡʤ
ѩ

սУϫѹȴȻ壬෴ԽսԽ£ԭž˿Ҳӿս档
־ȼ
ӻŵطϹ֮ĵһսҲ׳Ծ
Уһ˲ֹǵˣһĥʯǡͨսԼսﵽ˺εȵز
Ͼÿһ󾳽磬Զһȫµοϫʱ˾򾳱ԴǰδУŽ񣬵ֻ֮µҲһ֮ߡ
ҪǣϫѲһֻΣƿصȴرĲࡣ
֮ƿصУҲѴﵽһַ˼ĸ߶ȣʶҲؽһƾеսһ
һֹǿԼսӵһ̵֪ͨսĥؽһȫƿأ
ԣǰһԾɳ䵱һĥʯóϫսмңŶյ죬ʩչҲԽǿ
ϫս𽥱仯Ҳһ˴ѹ𽥱ǿԭƾеľ棬Ҳгϫкļ
ǵɫأҲѿԴ޷󣬳ϫս죬Ȼսֱ˾
ɶ񣡡
أһҲ಻סһһӲɣ飬չգٿȻƮһصĵģܻΪ׵֮״ݺݳϫɱ
ȻҲһΪǿ鱦һչֳ˷ͬѰơ

ȻͬʱöӲӵ䱦ͭǮ͵شӳϫзһ˲ͽһ
ã
䣬ϳ䱦ͭǮ
ɳϵǣϫûгûɱӰһһȥ
Ҫʲô
һ

ڴʱһޱȵĲҽԶǧ˱һĨ飬Ѫ꣬׷Ʈ
ȻϫȡĲԣǧ߻ûӦ֮ʣһҪ
ˣ
֣
һ䣬ŭѵǵΧ£ǵûɱϫûɱ˵ǧߣһжǶԣֱǸޱȵĴ̼ˡ
һ
Զطѩ𺳳̫ǿˣ̫ǿˡظţҲʻݴ˿ľˡ
ѩ˼ˣԲƵͱһ󻶺ѡ
֮ǰ˭󵽣Ⱦ£ϫɱ˶Էһ
ûˣ
ʶĿһĻǶԲԵøġ
Ҿ֪ˣʦ첻һǲŽвء
ͼૣɫоǽԺɡ

λƴˣ
ѳɣٲƴ˭ˣ
֮ɽ֪ԺҲûǵĺùӳˣԣ۸εȴۣ
ΪǧߵǱ̼ó׷ˣ类ŭһͷͷԶް㣬ٲȻһƴļƣϫΧɱ
ϧʵҲˣǾͽսɡ
ϫˣȴ̾˿Էչֳս޷ܵϢѹǺҪͨǶԾĥսǲˡ
ϣ
ȻһأȻ͵һն
һͷһĨƬ񷣬ʢ˼¡
һɲǣǬžʧһɿɲޱȵļ¶ڳÿͷõǽԶɫ䣬ð
⾿һ
޷ݣƶᾡ컯֮ɱ֮ڹ͵˼£һֹףﲻơ
һ˶ԣһһУҪǵո
ʶأǰԼת˼£ʩչǿֶΣұ
䣡
ƬʱոһƬհ׵شһжУһĨ̫޼᲻ݡ
Ȼһ˳ɹܿһһǱƵǱɫ粻һƬ
һ̫ǿˣĿһƬհ׵شõҲ²ѡ
䣡
ǷӦϫѳֽٴɱ䣬ʮǬУɽӡ
һһһһɲֱƵһ˲ܣǱ˼£Ǹâ
ۣ
գһûܼʱܣһããԨĽɨУɲǼ䣬Ȼ飬촷Ĩɱ
ѪǰĲҽأȫ𺳣Ŀ࣬һ

һ˷ߴԽǰʦʱĻ뵽ԼѾ׼˳ˣᷢ⣿
ȵĲʺ;ŭݺǵģõĿѣ뷢ŭţɫŤ˼¡
һжԳϫԣȴһлȻɫĮȻûи鲨㣬ɱ֮󣬱ٴγˡ
һսһʼϫûŹκˣ


1992 ˫
䣡
սԱңʮ
Ϊͬһ˳񣬽ԶĿѣʩչ˻ѺƴҲûʲô
ƬؿʼݣΪޣһ֮Ľ棬Ѵﵽһֲޱȵĳ̶С
Զѩ˺ȻҲңгϫڣֻѶһˡ
Уս̫ǿʢƴȫ޷Ťת棬в
Ƭ̺һ멵˻ϫȫѹƣҪ֧Ųס
ֹ˴˿ҲˣϫһһѹƵѹ޻֮
һֱȥע׶༪٣
ô죿
ѵҪ
ͷԼͬӿһͷ
ηսǳϫֵ̫ѣչֳսõٷŭͲʣҲòһΣˡ
ۣ
ܿ죬һƮ̣ڤڤĽȻƾո֣һһ멵Ӧ֮ʣһٸ䲱
Ѫɽͷ׿ա
һǿ߱ն
һĻѹյһݰ㣬һ˱ˡ
Ǻ壬һλǿƥ֮пһһĴڣ񣬾Ǳϫնˣ
˲Ȼ
嶼նףοЩˣ
ӣ
ٲߣעɥڴˣ
ɺޣɺް
ʣµӵȾλ羪֮񣬷һ˻𣬷Ƶĳ˷Ӵܶȥ
һ̵ǣĻһ˿ϵ̬ɥ֮Ȯ㣬̶̻ӡ
ȻϫԤϵᷢһĻ㣬һ˸Ҫ֮ʣĽŲ͵һ̤
¡һʱձ飬ƬȻãһ񹂰εضƾո֣ȳ޾ģңӦһƬصİ˷ȫ֡
Щͼܺǿգضˣһ֣籡޾Ϣԣƿɲ˼¡
񹂴
ˡ
ͬʱϫнڿն𣬽죬ָأһɵĴ룬ͷų꣡
ƮΪصĵƣӿУõƱʢ
һ˲䣬ͽһӴܵӰУ
ԶͼɼˣסǶһ鴤ףԼʦȣֹΪʮǧڷϵϣԶԶ޷֮ȼ磡
һ֮䣬ܻһ֮ɲ˭ܹ쵽ģǸɽ֮Уܹ쵽һҲָ
һ̣ЩѩҲڵһʶɽķУסһҡҷþ޷ƽ
һ֮䣬أ
ӵȷܣγ
תɢʮء
һ˱УӰʧһӳţٷ
ǸоͺǲǱһУ׹뵽һƬԨУ
ϣ
һ̣سڳϫУӰһҲͬУʧ

һӣƬضž
ֻһתԣʮضû˸ղŵĻս
˶սûֹֻͣǻһС
ԭҪһ˱Уɵڱ׷·ڳϫƿ£֪ǻεȺ
ͼ磬һ󣬱첻ԣһлûĻҵġ
ͼһѩյһѩҲĬһĳȣѡ
ղŷһУǶһΰĸо̫˼ˡ
ԭǽ֪ͼɻӺͰ۾ǿߣ廯һ֮Σ
Ϊˣ峤ѩջó˷ڵеѩ˳ϫԱȴ
ͬҲ֪ϫ˥սʶǱʶΪϫսָֻҲͼǿ
ȻǰһսʱǲʶԼˣشף
ϫֹǱͼֱˣ
˭˵һһ֮Կʮλ֣Ǳض֮Աǣȫˡ
ڣˣΪһУǰţ
Ǻܿ϶ϹУݹ۹£¶ûзһսˡ
ֱһǰδе漣㣡

¡
һһȻһҲ׷ɢʧ
ȫвһɵʧطһ龰ʱÿ˶׻㣬ɫһƬ
ȾѪһƬһ߾߲ʬУ򱻶üģնɱֱͷ­
ǿһÿһӵѹһ֮ܣ񾹶ڴˣһڣѪȶġ
ϫԴһƬѪ֮طأ忡žԨȾѪȴԶǵ֮Ѫǵһ˿Ǳƽһ˵ơ
ⲽһѰС£һӰȫѩ˶סһĨľηҳ
ơ
ϫȺУЮ޿ƥ֮ӳҰУɵ֮ҲͿ֪
Ͼǿʮλ
ϫܹһ֮ɱǣսԿǾ˫Ž
ǴϹҲ֪һεĴ䶯ˡ
һжԳϫԣȴ̸жɾ͸Уںƽ֮Уʶ̫ȵǿĴڣĻΪɱһЩǿ߶մմϲˡ
öˣ۽͸ˣȻȻҲϰˣű
ǸսһҲˡ
ϫѩǰǸȻڣѩ֮̾ѻΪ棬Ŀֱ꣬Ҳ̶á
ѩæҡͷֵ££̻˿ؽ˿ɾͳˡ
˶٣һϫζлˣ˴֮ѩģ
һ̣ѩҲγѰ㣬ɫнԶ޾ĸмͳĽ
ϫ֣һεѩǷ˵ѽˣҺͼɱ㲻߶ţʹ˸ǣԺϾӭλǰɽ̻ĳصɨԴ
Ҫߣ
ѩ̲ܿסѿڶ
ϻҪ£ڴ˾
ϫЦЦţһ£ǹұϣԶٲǰð
Ǹһս֮ǰϫԲұ֤һ㣬ɱʮλǰַǿߣ£ٸǰðǼֱǲϫˡ
ѳϫУ͵ǲɽУֻҪһ㣬û˭ǰѩ鷳ˡ
ѩȻҲһ㣬нԶӽ쿪ʼǵǱɽ֮ˣԺķչŲɹ洦


1993 ֮
ֻǡ
֪ϫڱҪ뿪ѩܿЩᣬһĨ˸С
һѩռˣвһ̾
֮ǰ϶ἫߥԼŮȥ׷ϫɵĿ˸ղһԾʱףϫ԰˫ľ֮ԼŮֻǸ׷ϵģǿȥȡҲֻһԵ޷ֵĽ
ѾͷĪҪˣϫϼ縺ΣɿܳϫѣպȥѰ
ѩѩܿȰο
ϫȻҲԼѩܿһЩ˼޸ˡ
ҲΪż뿪ԭ֮һȥҪһծˣ쵶ն飬һжɱѿ״̬С
㡭ء
ѩܿһųϫ
ϫȻЦҲء
˵գͼһ뿪ɾڴʱ͵һɼΣյϢõ͵һʶȻ̧ͷ񷡣
ţ
˼ˣһ˳ųϫĿ⳯ȥռһƬκ쳣ǲɻ󣬳ϫôˣ
ΨͼҲʲôɫ͵һʦ棬ƺ
˵
ϫִϣɫǱ
нԶһڸղŶսʮλǿʱϫɶûбֵأ⾿˺£
վһ
ҲʱһޱȵٿȻƮؼ䣬Ʈڤڤ˸޷жߵľλá
ȫһëȻܵһԵĴֲ
ʵСѩ˸ǻҲɫ԰ףڵأ
⣬ֻһ壡
ǵˡ
ϫͫȻһɫص˼¡

֣ͼɡѩաѩ˵ɫҲȻһ䣬ӿһĨǿޱȵΣ
һλòǰİɣ
ɱҹұôˣСһǱ븶ΪۣԼȥӢ꣡
һٴֻʱѴһĨȻɱ
һɲǣذﰧڣһƬǬһɿɲɱס
ǵƣһһУԶһܡ
ѵͲµɽ
ͼȳֱһ̣ûԷľλȫڣƽ
¾ȥһµʱɽʲô
ǲЦ
һɲǣͼɫҲ粻û뵽ͻȻɱĹұϵ˺޼ɡ
ʱϫҲڳ˵̫λ˵һ仰
ﵽĴڣÿһԶĺ޼ɣҪȥɱһˣжʲôʲô
񣬳ϫڳᵽ仰ĺ壬ҲеһĪѹ
ʶأɿ촫ͼɣΣգȥȫƴһ£̴š
£ʱɫ䡣
ҰУ֪ʱһֻĺĲϴ֣Ȼڲ֮ϡ
Ǵʵƺ嫣֮ȫǣҪڵһ򶼸У
Ǵ̺Ҳ̫ɲƴӡ߷֮ͷųϢѹȵƬضڱ顢ݡ٣
ϫֻоһϣѪ类ᣬһֱĴ
ͨͨ
ϫˣοˣһɲǣЩѩодֻʹȥز
ЩأܼվģҲɫɷףüһĨ޷εĿ־塣
˭һԹұϵıǽӶķֱɱһ𿰳ƴһйĵ
¡¡
ھҲ渲ǵɽԶƲظȻ顣
Щܾе飬һ̲֪٣ֱĩսûʲô
иͻ֣ᷢһֻϴֵĸ£ϫڵһֱͬһŵСҪֻϴֳץס
һзֹһᱻ飬ųϫȫУ
ǵ޷ǿ󣬺ųϹеߴڣÿһӵһ磬̤ƽʮĿɲܡ
Σգ
Σգ
ǳϫһȥһλɱ֮ǰںƽ֮УΪֻ֮ͺͼԵʣ޷иܵһĿɲ
ܵˣҲףԼյȴʱԵ֮С֮һ
ɳϫʹ˷Уû˵
ϣ
ӿϽɫԣתһֿǰĸ߶ȡ
ɼˣϫһȫưϢУĻκһ˿ԥʶ͵س
սɣ
ս
ҲھбĨɱ
ʦ桪
ͼɽ˹𣬱ŭ˼£ʱȥֱûʲô
ͼһҲɲʦһȥҪҲҪһ
꣡꣡
Ȼڳϫͼ½ڰ;ʱȴ֣ⷢԭǶµֻ֣Ȼһ̶֮Ĺ
ǾͿֵָֻһ飬һѪգȾ񷡣
ǣ
ϫͼɶס̫ͻȻҲʼϲ
䣡
ǷӦֵֻģҲʼ飬ɽ˰㣬Ѫա
һ˲䣬һһѪ꣬ŨѪϢǵأĵرͨ죡
ֻϴֳױʧˣΨѪкȾ硣
ʼգһλԹұϵǿߵδ
⾿ô£
ϫͼȻȾ磬δκζߣԴ벻ᷢˡ
ѩյˣѴղžԵһ⣬˿̿Ѫ꣬ɫû㱣ԺһƬհס
˭Ҳû뵽ڴʱ˿̣ΣֵĹͷᷢһˡ
ֲֻˣһλԹұϵҲ񳹵ʧһжԵ̫˼˼飡
龪һ
ðΣϫǷһĨӣȻ龪һȴͨղŵһУԼ͵֮Ĳ྿ж
ûͺãûͺã
ͼɾ긦˿ҲסЦ͸һĨٺζ
ǣղžô£
ϫૡ
ͻһбһĨ֮Ĺ
ΪҰУһΰͦӰ֪ʱȻڼԶǿС
׷ѩƺƬµװ㣬İκһ˿ǡ
ֻҪڣҲʲô
ˣȻɽѩ


1994 Ȼ
ʦ֣
ģϫԭžľ͵طһ˿ѡ
Ļ뵽Уѩ֮̾У⿴ʦѩ٣
һ뵽Щ귢ıʣٿһطĴʦѩϫһֻ㱵ĸо
Ѵͼɿе֪Դӽŵȥ˽¡
֮׿ڻŵдʮʱ䣬ϫ㱻Ǻƽ֮ٶ£
ʱ򣬳ϫԴʱûκθϾƽ֮غʶһֱУҲһֻ״̬УõΪ½ͻ
ڰ˼ԪӦߡסͻȻ֣ҪȡϫϵļԪӡһִ̼ãóϫһֻ״̬ѹ
ӹɣںƽ֮лԵʱ䣬֮࣡
񣬵ڴǺƽ֮طϹУղһľ֮󣬵˿̿ѩ٣ľ֪жิӡ
п֮֮֮һ㡣
ǣ
òᡭǸղֵֻ˰ɣ
˵ԷλԹұϵĵ
ѩҲѩļ٣ȴʶԷ˭ѩϳ˸ղλұϵڡ
õò˶ɫ䲻ѡ
ԭϫľԲѣɵЩۣʱЦԷǣһ
ҲԷϾδʦѩڸղַһʣѴʦֵݸҲ
ͼɿͲסˣסʲô߰ģҼʦ棬ɽѩ
羪ףء
ѩ
֣ѩաѩڵѩ˽Զһ׻ͫ׶סš

ɽѩ
ѩյ˶ԣֱһ޷ȡĴ棬ʵ̫ˣϹУҲٸ֮ߡ
һڴ˵еͨԼǰ֪ѩյ˺εȴ𺳡
һʱ֮䣬ȫͣ˵
ϫȴǹ˲Щѹ֮Ӱһѩǰʦ֣ôˣ
У͸ޱȵϲ
ѩĿ´ųϫòŸпĻ֪СʦѰΪزˣ
˵ţѩǺ˳ϫһӵ⻹ǳϫͷһִһиж֮࣬ҲǸеһѵõ̤ʵо
Ĳ
ѩĳϫЦ
ʦ֣ղǹұϵϼһ
ϫʵ
˵ұѾˡ
ѩڵ
ϫʱףղֵֻǴʦֿеĹұȻֻڹؼʱ̶Ȼ飬ȻΪʦڰгˡ
һ뵽ʦϢ֮䣬ɱһλڣϫֽסһ̾ʦǿʲô̶ȣ
ݼ
ʱѩյһѩ˶ǷӦ빪ɫоǳĽη
ѩͳϫһЦɡ
ѩһӣƬؼʱһԹ꣬Ȼ󡪡
ԭѴĴػָ
ԭΪĽҲһεض𡭡
ԭΪǽɽһ̶縴ֳ
գۼ䣬ԭѩ֮̾أǻָ֮ǰģȣϢ
赭дһ֣Ϊ֮һ䣡
ǬʯɽֶͨΣʱЩѩһĿ࣬𺳵Ըӡ
ζлλշСʦܣм֮£ǰɽ
ѩɫȻڡ
˵գŤͷϫСʦܣ˼ˣһŰɡ
ϫ˵ͷĿⲻһƳȴ˿̵ѩܿҲ̧ۿԼɫЩȻζ
óϫвһֻ̾ȭǡ

ѩһ䣬ųϫͼһٿȻʱնȥת˲ʧ

»ָƽȴ޳ϫͼɡѩӰ
һѩ˿ǻָһµ彨ղһУҲסһΰĸо
췢ʵ̫ˣʮλɱٵϫһɱȺУһֻԹұϵִٵλұϵɱɽѩ١
ÿһ£һԤϵľʣ𺳣˾˷ߺޣܡ˼
䣬˶һֻĸо
ʱһз粨ڷƽ˾ѩǵľȴһʱ޷ƽ

ҲǴһ쿪ʼйسϫϹϢ糤˳һ㿪ʼһֲ˼ٶȴϹ
ʲôϫˣ
ȥΪһɥڻŵУ˭롭ٴγϹУ
ֹˣţϫƫƧУƾȻһɱʮλѩ廯һѣ
죬Źȥ£ɱǿ󣿡
ȻǻŵлһϻԵ˶ʱڣͽΪһͻز
ϫɾ˼򵥣ƾȻԶһɱʮλɾ̫˼ˣҪ֪ʮλɶֱԵĳУһѰ֮աǻǲϫˣ֪ĳϫսǺε֮ǿ󣡡
˵ѩҲˣұΨһһλڸɱˣ
죡

ڽʱУһһڳϫĴŲϱھϹһƬһƬȻ󲨣¡
˭Ҳû뵽ϫʧ伣꣬һһ粨õþȻ
ڶ̶нһ֮նɱʮλǿߵ¼ǳΪȫΪֵĻ⡣
˻ϲ˳ܿ죬йɥڳϫеʮλҲҿʱ𶯡
ΪЩǿߣȻԵһһĶУұϡϡϡϡϡ
ɥڴѩеλұϵǿ߹ұݣҲع¡
һӣַˣֱǾĴʣԵеľƽɹӰ죬һϵд䶯ʱ˭ܲע
ҲעһϵбʱԶԶ̾еѩ壬ɳΪߣԺɽı£ֻû˭ȥˡ
һ㣬Ҳ˲ĽĿ⣬ڷ׷״ѩ徿ͨε;ŸɽϵĹϵ
֮ʧĳϫˣҲһϵвԤĴʣ
ֵ÷зʱϫŴʦѩصɽС



1995 ŵ
ڷɽ·;ϣϫҲˣΪδʦѩܹѰԼ
ԭιұǲʮλһʱͱѩ
Ͼ򶥼һֵжһɳʮλ
£벻עⶼѡ
Ա˶ԣһжر𣬵ԶԶֵùעɵѩϢ䵱жϳЩ򶥼ʱʱġ
ΪѩǵãϫçŻзʱܵЩ򶥼Ĵѹ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ϫçŻɱũұܷࡢԿһһ
ʶһЩٴһжʱʱѩľ
ֱڲ̽ʱǷұϵһұҲһжʱѩеЩΡ
ٺѩǹұҪԸĹȻԼСʦʱǶڰеȻѡ˺Ȼǹұ⧲֮ʣһɱ˶Է
˽һУϫҲ΢΢ݣǾȴʦɱǹұЩ벻ʦһСϸзֲӶʱԼһΡ
γζţԼʧЩУʦһֱڼǹйԼСģŸܰ쵽һˡ
ϫݵĹؼڡ

ɽ
羰ɣɽɫģ֮
ٴ̤УϫҲпǧпܣһӶڣϧϱ̫࣬Ҳֻлһ¡
Ӵ滹Ϊ˭û룬һˣ
ϫѩͼɸһ̤ɽۣ֮һȻ
һֻ񿥷Ƿİųڿն˫ųϫȻڳ
ϰףþò
ϫһЦˣǰȻǺųơ֮ʦϰס
ߣŹȥʱѣԣҲָѡ
ϰװһһֱˣͼ̱ϲǰԾӡ
ϰ׻ģûκα仯סóϫȻʧЦ
ϰҲŸ¸ЦͳĴ˫еϫһڻˡ
һӣؼ䶼İļ
˭
ǳϫ
ˣ
գ۹ѣһӰ˷ƿնȻʦƺʦᡢҶ㡢ϵˡ
һЩʦŵһĴˣҲѶȻǳϫʱԶϲòѣ׷֮ʺһʱ֮Եúò֡
ϫһϤףҲ˲ѣ֮һֻؼҰľΥо
ϣɽۣ֮ϫһͬšϯضƷ̸ű˴Щ顣
ʱҹɫˮһ̸ֱԲɴΡ
ϫǶƣ̸Цڡ
ԡҲѱϫٻϯУһ̸졣
ʱ䣬ǳϫԼһڽϫЩһЩ
ϫ˵һĩ֮ʱȴʦѩϣת˻⡣
ϫʱף̫ɣڿڣʶֻһʴ
ϫҲ˽⵽뿪ЩУҶϰһֱɽбչУӹ徻ǣ⵹óϫЩĽ
һϯһֱҹ˷½ɢȥ
ϫѩ뵽һؾС

ؾһƬ磬յһƬΨλһϵĵ̳
ǵ̳ӡ°߲ĺۼϴ񣬹϶ʥ
ϫѩĴµִ˵ʱ㿴ǵ̳֮ϣϥΰӰ
·ۣͷϽڣ֮˫ƺبɽͣ׾ü価ǳ֮ɫ
ԶԶһͷ·𿴵Ĳһˣһɽӵʥϣ
ˣɽʦ˴
ڵһνɽţȥǡԪĥΪʱ򣬳ϫԷ
Ҳˣһ뷢Ұף񳣬ͦɣһɷģߡ
һ̡һȪһˮһĨ԰㣬͸¶һȻȻԭʼӵϢûһޱȵо
ϫѩһִӣһ˲˳ϫϡ
һ˫顢󡢸һͯĴͺ棬κͱ֮ɫӴһʱϫûһеһεľн
СʦܣʦѾλʦŵ档
ѩһԺЦܵ
ŵ棡
ϫһæӳϫʦ塣
ϴ㷵ʱҲڱչأûܳӭӣĪʦ塣
ŵ΢ЦԽӰ崺磬
ҡ
ϫæ
ض񣬿ɡ
ŵЦЦ徲һԵĶʦ˴ȫƣóϫ͸ǳ
£ѩųϫ̤ǵ̳һ£˵Сʦܣ˴ΰҲһѯ
ϫͷʦֵ޷
ʦ˴ʦŵһõԼѲµһЩʲô
ȻһѩֱԵСʦܣڽһĩ֮ź󾿾һЩʲô
˵ʱ˴ʦŵʦӶ˳ϫ¶ǶԣͬҪ
ϫһ˼·ſڵڽĩ֮ʱ
յʱ䣬ϫŰѽĩ֮źһϸڶгͼѵֻ֮ı仯Ҳ
Ҳûʲôģںܾ֮ǰɽһʦֵǶϫͼƬڤ¼аʵ顣
ҪǣϫвɻҪ˴ŵλʦʹʦѩǻԼɡ
Ȼһ֮ǵ˴ŵλʦǴʦѩԶ뵽ĬУʲô
֮ɫϳĶʦ˴Ȼ̾Ϣû뵽ʵû뵽ĩ֮ڣһƬƽ֮ء
ʦ壬֪һƬƽ֮صľ
ϫסʵ
˴ҡͷʾ֪
ŵȴһ˵Ҳ⣬ϫ񡭡Ѿֻصȫˣ
ϫͷʱΣҲò
ŵ룬Ҳһ̾ĩٴԨֻҵ֮һȻġ
λʦ壬ô˵ĻǴеռ;أĻᵮһԪУ
ѩü
Ӧûˡ
˴ŵͷȿԵʱ»಻Ԥϵľʡ
ǡʦ°ɣ
ѩ
һɲϫ͵һ⻹ͷһʦ˵йɽ֮˵顣
ʣ׼δ
ŵ̾üģ˵ֻĩ٣ǧһӽԺҪٴпһЩأֻѲˡ
ͳ͸һĨĸ֮ɫ


1996 ͼ
ϫеЩѹ֡
˴ŵ桢ѩ˵Ľ̸ԶΧšչóϫˣϸһ룬ȴָеʲôҲûס
ʲôֻĩ٣
ѵпһĩ֮еĺƽ٣վɱήٵϹ
ˣһԪĪҲҪһգ
ϫ²͸
ʲôֽǧһԽԺ޷쵽пŵأ
֮䣬Īǻʲôɣ
ϫɲ²͸
ԣڵ˴ŵ桢ѩ˽̸ʱϫֻܳĬţ岻졣
һ̸ȷԼλʦҲɽ֮ɻţ
ϫԼ²⵽֮ʧֻºȥѰνռ;Ųٹϵ

һ
ɻĳϫѩĴ£Ǳ˴ŵλʦ뿪һؾ
߳磬ɫϴɽģ֮óϫΪ֮һ
Сʦܣвɻ󣬲λʦ忼ǵ̫޼ɬʱûϵҲΪķ
ȳϫѯʣѩ˵ҵǿ԰һЩйغͼ顣
ϫĬƬ̣ͷЦٺòˡ
ʦֵһƧ᾵ɽС·ɢվף֮ǰ͵˴ŵ潻̸ʱǰнѹ֡
ʦ֣ͼһεȱ
ϫ˼ȥһǳԣҲѻش⡣
ǰϫûǹͼǴģΪ֮ء
Ҳ֪ʱΪͼħɱ¶Ѫϡ
Լӵкͼʱŷִأֹ̲˵طӵһ
ԺУͼֹһβ춯ϫһһƷ˼ֶ
ֱǺƽ֮зأϫףͼԭڵһԪʱѳ֣ѽŸԪ֮࣡
ɾ̫˼ˡ
ΪϫǣÿһԪĸ𣬾͵ھμԪӦйأӦߣȻҲǻźͼܹĩ֮š
һеʵúͼԵˣõóϫʼò濼ǣͼǺε
ϫ⣬ѩ㶣ðβŸп⣬Ҳһֱ֪ʦʱ˵ͼӦǵУʱ֮ǰѳ֣ھǺεʱ䣬˼Ҳ޷жϡ
磿
ϫһ֪ɡˡڤ絮֮ǰǺʱڣʱ绹δֿһƬֱ硣
ںʱ֮ǰ򱻽̫ʱڣ̫ʱڣħʥ͵ʱ
ǰǻʱڡ
磬ڣ޵أزɲ⣡
˵ǺͼУ˵֮ǰĻɾͺͳϫ˽һзͻˡ
Ϊ磬ͬһԪݳϫ˽⣬ͼڵһԪʱѳ֣
һ뵽⣬ϫԼɻ˵˳
ѩЦЦƲ֣ڵʵ˵Ĳֻһ£ڵһԪʱѳˡ
ʲô
ϫкݺһЩš
仰˵ͺͼһͬԪıǨһֱӴ浽ڡ
ѩõͳ͸һɿԶζΨһĲͬڣ֮ǰİ˸ԪУһֱδΨһԪУʼһɱ䡭
ܻΪ죬³Ϊأڻеش򡢴
ʱħԣʥ۵Զͼƿ£һƴս£Ǳ̫ʱڡ
̫ʱڵһЩͳ磬ŷ֣ԭģֻ磬һʺܾеϹ򣡡
֮Ϲӵǧ򾳣ԼĻ緢Դأ׷ԴϹ㣬磡
ȷ˵翪ʼݱһ̿ʼҲһԪ
ٺϹ糹׷ֿ˲ͬķչ켣ǰ֮أһֱδ̫仯һֱݱ䣬˺ɵıǨķֻħ䡭ݻ֮֡
˵Ϲ򣬸ֵһɹ鶼м磬Ϊ͵λ棬ΪϣֻûɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̣ǵԺԺ䷢ԴأԶ磡
Ķ֮в̫ܣԶǳ˽ǰ򵥡
ͱֻأ£ҲֻзŵϹ򣬻˸ԪУɶûֻأ
ٱϵĺͼҲͬˣһжޱȱΪһԪķԴأԲκεطԱġ
һϯ̺Ķ̫࣬õóϫֱ꣬÷Žһ
ϫֻ֪ܲɾж಻Ҳ˿̣˴ʦֵķ֮ף֮أ
֮˸Ԫ֮棬һԪʼݱ䡣
ݱ֮ΪϹ磬Ϲ㲻䣬ʺܾС
ӵԼĶرǨݱ䣬ųΪˡڤֻӴľ档
֮ڣΨֻУӵжһ޶ǰδеֻ֮˵
ϹȣϵȷܲϾһԪ֮أĸ屾ԴĴڣϹеĵ弫ǷԴ֮У
֮󣬳ϫüǣȻҪΪȴϹһ㣬û˴Ϲз֮С
ѩ̾Ϣܼ򵥣κǶ޷֮еġɽŮ洹Լ̫Ͻ̣Ҳֻƾصطѹƾ磬αװΪɵߣطУһб¶ע٣
ϫһɲǾ𣬵ʱʦƺǣԼԼɱ̫Ͻ洫գԶΪ¶֮ܵĳͷ
һ£ϫˣ֪Ķ֮
ҲˣŻᵮͼ֮ɣ
СʦܣԣѴ˰˿ͼƬֻһӵĺͼ֪ͼģ
Ȼѩ˼
ϫȻҡͷ֪
ѩЦЦҲ֪ӵһԪʼͼһֱֳ֮״ΨֻÿһԪĵھλԪӦߣܹĺͼ
˶٣˵һϫĿܡ
ΪҪǣһԪеǰ˸ԪӦߣÿҲֻȡһͼƬˣʦҲ⣬㣬Ƕͬ


1997 ǰλӦ
ϫױס
ʱخ˵ɽ֮żȻúͼմӺͼݳУӶ̤˴۷壬ɽͳ
çŻʱҲç֮µ־ӡ֪ƾͼռ;ʵ
ںƽ֮ʱһλλԲͬԪӦӴƾͼһ̤֮λӵ˸֮ܡ
ɳϫû뵽ǷˡõĺͼֻеһƬ
⾿Ϊʲô
ϫȷţƾˡǵͨΪȥѰٸĺͼƬΪȴֻȡһ飿
ѵʲô޷֪Ʋɣ
ϫʶһ⣬մʦѩԣΨֻһԪеĵھλӦߣſƴճĺͼ
Ƿһڤڤеƣ
ôΪλƣ
ѵ˵Ϊƴճĺͼܹһصĩ֮ţ
Խ룬ϫԺԽң˼ӿͷõ˶ħһ㡣
ֱãϫſЦͼδҲ̫ˡ
ѩһЦųϫղǸ⣬ɼסˣ
ϫͷ
ѩЦݣгһգõһͼʱһУҲݳͼģ
ѩ˵ϫҲ£ĺͼƫƫƬʽⱾԵúܲѰ
ʵСʦӦѷ֣֮·ܵͼӰ죬ɽĶǺܶࡣ
ѩ̸һ⣬⵹ǲɽ˽Ը㣬ΪɽͳʦڿɽʱΪܵ˺ͼƬʶԣӵкͼƬӵΪɽС
ϫ룬Ҳܿ
ѩЦЦҲֹˣõĴУǺһԪǰλԪӦӵеĴС
ԣϫ⣬̲סһԪǰλӦߣ
ѩͷԡ
˵⣬ѩЩˣüѵ񻹲ǰλԪӦ˭
ϫһգֻ֪ڰӦʦ𣬵Ӧç֮ǰλݣȴһ֪
ѩȻʵЩУнӴһУֻδⷽѡ
͵һӦǻŻʱ֮µа
ϫʱһ˵аҲԼõһ֮
ֻǣȫû뵽ǻһԪĵһλӦߡ
ڶӦǲڲ֮Ԩʱ֮лһͼƬ¡
ѩڻص

ϫһֹǻȡһͼƬµһɱԴ֮Ҳǲ綼һֱڡ
ֻѣһƮȻȥǰ׷Ѱãռ;ֻ˱񻹶ڳϫУ޷á
ӦǺϻʡ
ѩ˵꣬ϫȻλ˭
ѩȻɨ˳ϫһۣѵ㵱ڲ֮ԨʱûǲĺѣһֻͨСϣƾ־̤۷塣
ԭ
ϫһˣǲ𣿵֮У¹һֻСϣ˭룬ںֻСȴӳСһѹһİ׷ʥʣ
ʱϫ㱼ĦһйСеĻ棬Уٵ̤ϴ۷壬һжϫõóϫҲǻǳ
ֻǳϫͬû뵽ǱʦѩΪϻʡСϣǵλӦߡ
ѩϫӦ͵ġ塢λӦߣԶڤУֱǵһΡڶκ͵ڤۣͬǷֱӺͼв˱˰١սߴСӦöİ
ϫ⣬ԿԼǵһڶڤۺİı˰ִ壬ɶλӦߣ
ڵڤۣ͸Ϥˣֹڤ¼аʣս֮
ˣǰλԪӦߵݶһһҿټϵӦç֮ڰӦ߷ˣǡǰλ
ϸȥѷ֣ǻϻʡһڤۣˣٶͳϫһֶصĹ
йλӦߵһЩк͸򣬶ϫػõж˲ɹã
ˣϫ˴ʦѩǾ仰ȷܹӵнгɾͣǰλӦҲǴй
ֹԶںͼϣ
һУϫȻ֮࣬ҲЩȻһɺ
ǣ
ڤڤз·һεõһеΧųϫΧźͼչ
ϫ˵Լ˿̵εģ̫ӣȻףŷһϣβȻ
ʦ֣˵ǲѳ䵱˺ͼĿܣһеж֪ѱӰ죿
ðΣϫſɬڣһֳ嶯ҪѺͼװһС
Сʦܣض룬̤֮·һ̿ʼմȾҲܳΪʦֵܣɽҲܶһλˡ
ѩƺ׳ϫ˿̵ľļͬĸĸѡˡԼÿһ£ûʲôѰ֮ϸȥݣȴ֣ᷢвǧ˿Ƶ֮
˶٣ѩ֮ܶⲢǻ¡
ϫĬãľ滺٣ҡͷ̾ϢҲ̸ʲô£ô
ѩЦͷԣҲϡƽ̸ϴС֣Ҳִ̫ˡͺñУرģġô
رġرġ
ϫظһ仰ԭüͷչҲǱԽԽ±üᶨȻ
ǵģһ̳ϫͨˣԼȥ±㹻ˣԼľǰʲôʲôͼʲôܡͳͳѲҪ
̸֮ʣѲ֪һɽ·һΡĵǰ
ˣѩȻ㣬һСʦܣǵô
ϫȻ̧ͷĿ˹ȥܵʦ֣ѵѹˣ
ѩҡͷǡơҿɽⲻˡ
ϫһܵľ١
ȫȥһˡ
ѩЦųϫ
ң
ϫȻ
ԡ
ѩͷ
ϫ˼Ƭ̣͵һĶͷЦˣ¿¿˶


1998 ֮ӡ
¿¿
ѩ̿ЦŴϫһǴС
мž壬ֻλãһӨ͸Ĺײġ
ϸԣǲǹײģһͨԵϣƷ೬Ȼ
˿У壬ں㷢̿˫պϣһϣǰ֮ɫ
ǲ԰ӣƵĴأԹһĨЦ⣬һΡ
һϤӣϫζӳ£Ρߺޡѹ𡭡
çŻʱϫŵһ֪类ǹұвȣϸ˴ޱȵġơ
ʱǷϼʱ֣ϫ㶼ΪɵԼȥ
ٺΪ˾磬ϫ޾Ϻ̫Уۣλ֣ѹסڵġơ
Ҫһȴ޷쵽ҲΪδܹѹĸԭ
񣬳ϫӵа취׽⣬ʶ临ӣȴܺϣ
ãϫһľƽ
ŷ֣֪ʱʦѩ뿪տĴֻʣԼһˡ
硣

ƣһϸԪӴع㣬ԪмŹ
ˣֹ֪ʱѩλ̫۹ԶЩ޲ߣ޷Ĩڵһɹ
ʶһʼϫԭĴʱҪǰұУȶԷƵķŵġ
Ӻƽ֮з֮һжòͬˡ
ĳϫԣؽκȥ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ϸԪĴӡ֮ӡ
ףϸԪеĵھλӦߣӵ֮ĴС
ƣ֮ͬԪУ£ϫֻ賹֮ӡѰٵƽƵķţ
ҲΪڸղųϫо¿¿ԭڡ
һУһڳϫǰǾǸȥǡ֮ӡ
Ϊ˿̣һּԪӡںͼƬУҪЩ鷳

ϥһʯĹײǰ˼ãϫ˶

һöתһҫʥϽԣӳĵȻ
ʶУϫ糱ˮ㣬ʼеĺͼ̽Ѱȥ
ûãһ֮ӡĺͼƬ
һ̣ϫС֮˳Ⱦžձ̿գһּµ侲״̬С
ʼֳһСĽ֮ӡУϸ̽Ѱϸ֪
ˡ
֮䣬ϫ·һƬİУ׺УŰ¶ԭʼصϢ
ͬأ߶ϵġ֮Ϣ翵ư㣬ܲÿһ䡣
ϫǡ֮Ϣġһϣַ
ܿ죬ڳϫǰʼӹһ縡Ӱ֣ʱ֮ƻá
ЩУдļ̨սɱսĶɽ֮ٶɵ֮桭
Щʵ̫ˣһͬԶǳϫδţδǧٹ֣½롣
ֱϫоǰһۻңЩ󶼿ʼŤһƬһƬ쵹Ĺ⣬кХ
䣡
Ҳ֪˶ãϫֻ׻㣬һл͵ըѹ
ʱŲԼ̽ǡ֮ӡһǱ߽⣬ʧ
Ӧþ֮硭һе޲ֳһԪıǨҪ̽ѰеĴ֮ƾһԶԶ
ϫૣϲΪԼ֮䣬Ѳ׽һֿ֮ӡķ
ԣӦ˵δӺͼ֮ӡķ
Ϊںƽ֮ʱѾݳȥǰּԪӡķ
֪ÿһּԪӡһȫͬļԪ̺Ĵп֪жô嫻ɬ
Ҫȫ˲ܵ飬񵱳Ǻƽ֮еİλӦУ̽Ѱ֪£֪ķ˶ѪҲֻеһԪӦߡŰ쵽һ
ƾ衰ǻۣҲּԪӡּԪӡʱ߻ħٶ
д˱ƲЩԪӡ̺İغ֮ӴҪһһֻǺε֮ѡ
һжԳϫԣѲ⣬Ϊҵһȫеķȥ
ǾǷ
ǵ֮֮ħ֮֮ǻáꡢ䡢ԶӵСơ͡
һнԶܻΪơħơơơơơƣͬһҲܻΪħ徭꾭þ侭׾
֮һ֮أԶ÷ڹͣȡ
ǳϫݳķ
ϧּԪӡȴһ£ӵзȴ޷ԦּԪӡ֮ղ١
ҲҺúͼʱѣаϫһѡ
ѱòͬ
ּԪӡںͼƬУղųϫ̽ƾ֮Խ֮ӡУ֪ӵеĴС
£ϫֻԼġ֮ΪֶΣȥͲе֮УԽ


ûٳɣϫٴηֳһ֮ӡС
ϴβͬһΣϫѼԼϤ֮ӡڡ
Σգһʣشص߻ħ
֮£ˣҪʲôͱеӦķա
ϫѾԲΪ˶š
ܿ죬Ϥġ֮ٴγ֣ƸӰʼڳϫԺӳ
ֱЩʼ𽥱Ťɰ쵲ʴľʱϫ͵ת֮ʼȥһмԪǨ
䣡
һɲǶѣϫԺгֵһƬ쵾ȻըΪϸСܼĹꡣ
Щ̫ܣ飬ǵأ֮Ƭ
ÿһƬһֶضϸСĴУƬ֮ͬ
˿̳ϫҪģԼյķ֮ȥÿһƬ̺в͸ԷƵķʽȫȡ
ৣ
һ̽˲סһƬͬʱϫԺӳֳһȫİĴаء
֮ԪеĴУضɬ
ڸսӴִеĳϫԣҪ÷İسݳԷȡԺܾ߱սԡ
ϫʲôûסһƬһɲѿʼ˶
ˡˡ
һܻΪ΢СķƣĴְ͸ƬУܿ㽫ȫǡ
ȻЩƿʼ⣬ת˴˺Ӧ
ͬʱϫпʼһָİɬ糱ˮС
ֻһƬ׺һڰС̺ĴаȴǼΪˡ
ķʱ䣬ϫŽİȫ͸
ˣ
գһƬȻһ䣬ΪһķƣವһûһƬĹС
Щ꣬Զ֮ƬǷǿգ飬ǵء
񣬳ϫ㻨ʱ䣬һͼƬ֪ҪЩƬ֪ҪķѶء
ʱĳϫȻѹ˲ЩһƬ֮ͣЪȥڶͼƬ˷κһ˿ʱ䡣
º
ϫ˵ڶƬ
һȥ
ϫĿƬ
ȥ
ϫ˾ſƬ
ȥ
ϫʮƬ

ϫԼû뵽ֻ֮ӡķ¡
õƬŲʮѣǵصƬһȣֱеһ˻ƵģͲֵһɹ
ˣֻͷˣϾٶ㣬ҪȫƬûϵ£¶Ȼ޷쵽ˡ
ɳϫûô
ûͷӿʼ÷֮ЩƬһ̿ʼеѳУκͷ
ꡣ
ϫٴ߿ӡ
ꡣ
ϫٴ˰˿ӡ
ꡣ
ϫٴ˾ſӡ
ı仯УϫÿһƬٶȣڲţϧֽԵú΢СÿһűȥһƬѡ
ɵִʱһпʼ˾˵ı仯ת۵ݡ
Ϊ꣬ϫʮӡǵı
˵ڰ꣬ϫӡĿٴηѴﵽһٰʮ֮࣡ǵ屶
ھ֮꣬ڰ
ʮ֮꣬ھ߱
ʮһ֮꣬ʮ˰˱

һһ귭仯ϫƬٶҲ𽥴ﵽһֺŵĳ̶ȡ
ܹѲٽȥһһƬͬʱȥƬ
ͬʱƬٶҲԽԽ죬ʱҲԽԽ̡
һУֳһͻͽ̬ƣ𺳣
һжΪʼʱϫ֮һжȫİȥʱĿİ⡣
ӡԽԽ࣬𽥶̺֮һпʼϤ֮ǰǰİʱȻǵӦ֣
ͺñѧд֣տʼѧϰʱҪμǸƫԺͱʻҪǧٴϰÿһд
ɵдĶˣϰöˣİֻ֣Ҫμ˱ʻԶд
ԳϫԣЩƬˣЩƬһ֣ôϫ˿̾һֹ֣ͬһʱȥдʮϰٸ֣

ʮꡣ
顢ǵصƬд붼ϫһķģǳ˸
ʮꡣ
ϫٶֲһɨԻһƬ
ʮꡣ
֮ӡķƬѽʣ²ɡ
ʮꡣ
еƬ
Ҳһ֮꣬ӡһԪӡڳϫԺеģױˡ
һƬǿյķģЩأȺѡ
ȻǿǷģ̺ȴΪ֮У
ʮꡣ
ڳϫ£һƬܼķĿʼ˴һͼ
Ȼһͼһһ㣬ʼ˴Ӧ
ڶʮꡣ
ܼķܻȻһ䣬ܻΪһ󣬿ʼϱǨ
Щ󣬺Ȼʱӳֵġ֮硱Ǩ
ֻЩȫȡڳϫԺеľȻͬ
ͺһ¶ʵľкһλŮѹ·ÿһ缡˺¶еİضϫ׽ԺС
ˣķѶʮ֮֮Ĵӡȫϫ
䣡
ͬʱԭϥĳϫȥˣ͸оһ𣬻õĻɽ¡¡𵴣һֲ˼ٶȿʼ
һ̣Ϊı仯һ־˵ɱ䡣
ɱһ£Żָƽ
ϫʱŷԼΪٴεõͻƣ



1999 Ů
һĻӳڳϫͷ֮ϣԲȻתǳѭࡣ
ϥֱɵĳϫԡ֮£Ͻɫׯ񾲣һֳ֮ˡ
ڣ̫ԨХУװĵ¡¡졣
״̬£Ѫꡭһе÷ڰ㣬Եޱȡ
֮ϿգһĲȻϽۻڶ𣬺Ͻۻǽӳ籡Ͻ֮ϫ궼Ⱦһʥ֮

չضʮأϫԭֻΪ֮ӡУȥ磬˭룬ڻԵɺ֮£һͻƽͨٴηһ츲صɱ䣡
ٴţٴ֮ٴΰθߣҲŨҷڵ˼£
ͳϫԼЩţ̶̶ʮ꣬Լʵٴһߵ̨ףȥǱ˵ﲻɡ
ϫҲܹ쵽һԺԼǡ֮ӡзֲϵ
֮ӡлһļԪУ嫣Լĺôǳ
ٶȳȥԼֻ轫ּԪӡһһʵҲ֮ڽ
ľϲ֮󣬳ϫľָƽ˼
֮ͨӡѾͨ÷ȥﲻͬԪеķ
£ϫȷţԼȥԪӡʱȻκ⣡
ϫͽסҡͷܹܵԼΪѴﵽһֱͰ״̬Уʱֻ¸ļԪӡ
ͺñһ͵ˮأҪˮԴҪˮصݻű
³ϫΪˣѾڱͣȱˮԴȱĽǽһϴչɸһ¥
ȻҪһԳһǲܵġ
ϫЦһ£Ҳκһ˿ʣ֮ӡУƿһ´ţջ࣬ϲ
ȣȷЩԪӡںͼƬУѾϰҲ޷赲ԼȥЩԪӡĲ
ΣԪӡĴڣ׼׵ĽԺʱϫѲȥѰĻԵֻȴһԼΪ
ԪӡĲֻΪı仯ҪǣԪӡ̺ĴУȫԱϫƿأ
ǳϫջ
ǡ֮ӡеĴУйء֮һϵзš֪ʶ
£ǰѳϫϸԪУҲԿԿ֪ͨĴڣ
͡ϰס֮ʦûʲô
ԪУϫյġ֮СҲԿԷӳá
ͺñǰˡơѩ޲ߣƽط
ɶ֮ӡĳϫԣ⡰ơҲֻһϸԪײ䡱еһطˣҪƳҲзѭ

ܿ죬ϫ𣬽ĿԶһʯ͸Ĺײϡ
ꡭ
ײı򿪣ϫСĽбȻһϡ
ϫһԺĬĬһơķţȷκһϸ֮ſʼж
ˡ
˫ָ⹴ճһضƣһϪˮ㣬ӿڡ

⣬ͼϥ
Ӷʮǰϫʼչһ̿ʼͼɱ㱻ѩŹֻȳϫҪͼȥ֪ͨ
ֻͼǣһȾǶʮ
Ȼͼڶԣʱ㲻ʲôЩɻǣʮУʦѩ˲ʮΣ·ʲôҪ֮ҪѰʦϫһ㡣
ֻΪϫٳûжѩÿζζȥ
ʦʲôʦ棿ĪǺһŮйأ
ͼɸ档
ʮϹҲϢԶϹеľйء
ͼעıǣʮǰҲǳϫչصĵڶ꣬ϹзһϵѪ¼½λ
ͬһˣһ֪֪ðŮˣ
Ϊ޷ǣŮɱλֱԲͬĴУ˴˺޹˺ƶϳŮӾΪ˸𣬻ǳԭȥɱˡ
ΣһϵѪ¼󣬺ܿϹ𵴣Ļ̻̣Σ
ЩԶ˽䱸űŮ
ţ̫Ͻ̡ԺŮ洹Ժһɳ˸ȥ̽£˵
գûв̽һ˿
Щ̫Ѱˡ
ֱȥ꣬һλԺĵżȻ֮ŮӣǺȻ֣Ҫ
˭룬ȴŮˣ
¸һʱϹ𶯣Ȼ𣬽Զ޷һŮӾȻԴһλǿֵ°Ȼ
˭
ΪͲŹһλɫ
û֪
йŮӵĴţȴѩƵԽԽ࣬õٲȻΪϹעĽ
ȣԭͷĳϫĹâڸȥ
ϾϫɱʮλȻ䶯Ͼɽ״ӣںܾ֮ǰĸٲȻһ㡣
ʶĪŮȣǸעȻǺߡ
ΪҪһڣŮӵеȻԴӵǿѣ̫ɲˡ
һ㣬ϫƺ޷֮ȼ硣
ټŮĪ⣬½ɱڣ˭ҲȷǷʹֹ֣õĹעٲȻǹ˳ϫ

һƽĽŲ𣬾Ժ˼ͼɣ̧ͷһˣæ񣬿ڳʦ档
ˣȻѩ
ûô
ѩǽյĴ飬ü
ͼҡͷʦһֱû
Ҳֻܵ´ˡ
ѩ̾һҪת뿪ڴʱһֱյĴŸ֨һ򿪡
ʦҺ£
ϫǾεӰ߳ɻؿѩ
Сʦ¶ˡ
ѩЦ´˳ϫһۣ־̶̶̾ʮ꣬ΪֽһΣ˲ã˲á
ͼһһɴ۾айԹԣʦ湻̬ģٶȼֱ˻ˣ
ϫӣʼЦҲǻԵɺϣײѣԼЩ⡣
ͼǿס۵ĳ嶯ײΪɶţû֮£
ѩȴǵ˵ͷôϵĺƿ
˵ϫʱ¶һĨЦݣɴʦֹģѱ׽ˡ
˶٣ֻǣԵ̫ã˥֮µûָãܳѹ
ѩЦްֻҪ㹻ˡ
ϫʦ֣£
ղǡѩһ̾ϢԼо˴δʦǰԼȻֻΪ˿Լ


2000 
ѩδżش𣬶Ǻͼһųϫֱ뿪⴦
Сʦܣɼǵõ뿪ɽǰμ۵ʱӦ飿
·ϣѩһ㼴Цſڡ
ϫһ͵Լ뿪ʱҪӴʦѩ̽йظĸϢǴ˿̱ѣһ硣
ϫͽסһʦ֣Ǵ̽ҸĸһЩϢˣ
ѩ˵ͷй㸸ĸϢʵں֮ǰұֻ֪ʱʱ죬ʶ
ϫԭʦˣΪٳٲϸԼ
ʱСʦӦñ㸸׳ݺܲѰ
ѩдһĨп׷һ¡
ϫһǿ԰ɻ󣬵˵ͷ
ȻԼ׳ݺ⣬һжΪ׳ɲֹӵһݣ
ݳϫ˽⣬ֹһнֻתһг̫飬̫ϽʦܣȨ죬̫Ͻһ֮£֮ϵĴ
ڶתΪɽӼŵˣ¼ţͬ硣
תΪƸΪ˵ѧԺһˣĺͨ졣
ĳΪ̳ǳĺᣬҲǳϫͳ껵ĸס
ˣҲˣɹؼڣϫβĸѩʱŷֻ֣֮ǰĸףе
ҲΪγѩͻȻʧǰϹԭ֮һ
ϫԼǵã׳ĸѩ뿪ʱµһ˵óϫرܺúͼƬϫִϹʱ֮ա
ʱ񣬳ϫȴη֣ԼϹдټɸĸȴǻȻ㣬˵ǵټϢҲһҲޡ
ɾЩ̫ˡ
ϾľϹУȻйسϫϢƫƫأֱҲûϵϫ⵱Ȼܲ
ʱϫɣ᲻Ḹĸʲôʡ
ȻֻǻɣԸһЩĸҲԸκεĲˡ
Ϊ㸸׳̫ѰҲŲòҲʱһˡ
ѩãɫ֣أСʦܣŹ壿
壿
ϫһУҡͷѡ
壬ףǱǵڻеo֮ȺǵĺḦһ壬ӵв˼ܣѪ֮߹ϹҲǶһġ
ѩΪϫ󣺡ȺϹֻһطԼõǾǷ֮ɽ
֮ɽ
һɲǣϫʱԼһνʱһɽ
һɽңɼ嫵ǿ͸һϵϢԶԶһס¾η֮
ǾǷ֮ɽ
ʱͳϫһͬǰҶԣϹ֮ɽѴڣһ̨еķ֮У֮УϹ򶼸ǣ
ԹǷ֮ɽһƬϣҲֻеڷܹ̤ϣȥ֮ء
ϫǵãԼǷ֮ɽĵһۣʶгĺͼƬҲ֮һ˿͵ֿĳóϫҲǳȷǷ֮ɽϣȻŷ֮
ΪʱͼƬڶԿ֮ʱ춯
񣬴ʦ־Ȼ˵ֻڷ֮ɽܹǴ˵еĻ壬õóϫоЩͬѰˡ
ʦ֣Ҹòᡭһĺɣ
ϫջûס˳

ѩ̹Ȼͷ
õȷд𸴣ϫжʱޱȸӣ֮ɽ塢׳һкȻϵһжʼĪˡ
֮ɽֻеܹ̤һƬϹ֮ǰѴڡ
壬һֵڻеooӵв˼ܡ
׳Ȼһĺᣬóϫβ⣬β𾪣
ѩ˽Ųż㸸׳ֻת֮ǰǻ֮һĺᡣ˵Ҳɣڻʱ֣ͬҲǳˣҵҲ޷ͻϵ
һóϫһ׽һϢ塭ֻһ壬һֶЩڻУӵв˼oͳơ
ʦѩԣ֮һĳᣬ֤˳֮⣬ͬϵĻ壡
ܿ죬ϫЩһж޹أĵĽֻǸ׳ˡ
ϫһʵʦ֣ô˵Ҹڼпܾǻ֮У
ѩͷڷϹ֮󣬱㷵ǳڡ
Ҫȥ
ϫԥһֻ붪һУǰǷ֮ɽȥ
СʦĪ
ѩһɸοĵһ仰óϫǽеľʱƽ
ȻѩżСʦܣ֮ɽɲ˭ܹȥõģͬǳҲ㶼ܽġ
ϫšüѵﻹ̶Ѩɣ
ѩЦЦˣɺܲһ㣬һֱܾڷ֮ɽ£ٻ䣬ӹɣǵĵ̺ǿ󣬳ǿ󡣡
ϫһУɫĪǣǻܱɽ
ѩ̾Щ࣬Ҳ˶٣ؼǣбҪɽǵ弫еԶԸЩΪС
ϫȻףԭǻ˿ɲ
ǣνֻȥףַǺΪС
ȳϫ˵꣬ͱѩϣСʦܣˣҪǰǳУȻ⣡
Ϊʲô
ϫһ
Ϊ㸸׳
ѩԥһ£̾Ϣس֮󣬾ͬĸѩ֮޷
Ҹֻ֮ǰǳĺ𣿼ȻУΪλȴ
ϫɫ΢䣬ʶǱԼлҪࡣ
㸸ʱ֪ˡ
ѩĳϫ򣬡ǰ˵ЩΪʱûɽȫҲѱǳԹԽ㸸ĸ
˶٣ȻЦͬˣʱѾ죬ҲΪżǰԭڡ
ʲôʱ
ϫȻ
ٹãǳġ䡯Ļ֮գܷ㸸ĸͿһλܷסˡ
ѩǷһĨζЦݣȻСʦ㲻عൣģһжڡ
˵ţѩӿŲߣȴȥһˡ
˭
ϫæ׷ȥ
ʦ´ӡС


2001 
ɽһ£еʮˣΪ״ӣʦ˴Ƚرδȡκδˡ
Ψʦŵһ֦ɢҶĶ࣬ĴҵĴˣɽͽͽһ
УŵһһӣλҲǼΪ磬ѩҲ˶١
ڳϫһ̤ɽʱ˵е֣ԷͬҲһλĸɫʵĵ
һ뵽ϴʦѩͽԼȥݼһλϫҲЩڴ
յʱ
ˡ
һղѩͳϫһ޾ɫؾС
ȼعȵ۽ӿ֮
һſհǳ֮ѭ꣬ХǬ֮䣬׳ˡ
ȷһƬ֮ȣĪϻǣһУֻоȼհ㣬ѹȵֱ
Ѱ޵ϣֻ¸һ̤˲Ϣ㱻ۻˣ
ѩϫԣЩ޷κǡ
ǻؾʦܵľ֮أʦܱǻһĺᣬݻ֮ʵ֮ǿҲ岻ѡ
ѩɿһ䣬óϫʱһԼλʦ֣һλԻеo
ʦ֣Сʦܣˡ
ʱһװһƬ֮ٿȻ𣬰һƬ۽˳ٿȻΪһɫΰӰ
෢ӨɫƵۣһԳһʵ֮ϡ
һհ㣬ŹվʮأĿҫۣ۾һʹұӡ
һӣȻɫʯ籡棬ֱҪٻһ㡣
ǣȻУ
ѩЦ˵ͷ
ϫȭʦ֡
Сʦܲؾ࣬ʦѸ֮ң˴ǰǷ֮ɽԻȫЭ㡣
е˵ͷ꽻
һɴ֮ϻһ˵꣬Ӱһѩͳϫǰʦ֣׼׵ڱɳ
ѩҲ֪е鱾ˣҲٷϻЦ͵·ˡ
ߡ
еͷ³һ֮󣬱ȥʼգûκһϻ
Сʦܣһˣ𣬹䣬ϤˣͻףʦֿɽΪ̵ġ
ѩЦ˵һ֮󣬱ųϫæȥ
ˣϫףѩжλʦ־ǶԼһǰǷ֮ɽĿȻΪ˴ǳУӻԼĸĸ
ʶһ֮󣬳ϫҲжĪȻû뵽ԼԤϲ֮ʣʦѩڰΪԼһС
ͬʱϫҲежĲͬѰ֮
ϾѩУɶһһĵڣӵе֮ǿ󣬾Կͨ
񣬽ֻΪǰǷ֮ɽȥǻнӻԼĸĸλʦ־һǳд˱ƶϳǳǺεȲ
Ϲֻ¸޷öλʦһȥˡ
塭ǳ徿ж
ϫнסЩӣЩԼ׳˾ˣǻǣϹϵ
ԼͣɽƣǷȥӻظĸˡ
ֲø׺ĸһֱϵԭǱǳСǣΪλأĪлʲôܲɣ
ϫૡ
һ죬еĴ£ϫûоκˣȻŲ뿪ɽ

ء
ʱղ쫷Х
һɿǰ߽һ޾ʱУõóϫȻ֪εء
֮ɽرڵһ֪֮أҲΪǺĵطҪǰƾֶζ޷쵽
һ·ϣѩϫйط֮ɽһС
ãʦֳ·˳ִҵֻͣ¾ҪһЩˣĻ¾Ͳܼʱǳļ俪֮ǰִ
ʦ֣便ô£
ϫ˼֮ǰѩ˵֮ԲԼйظĸ䣬ֻΪʱ졣
ʱȻѳ죬ʶڳϫʱ¾ͺļйˡ
ܼ򵥣˼壬ǳȵһʢ£ÿǧһСÿһ˴εļ䣬ǡʱһδ
ѩڵеļΪͬһڣ˴εļϣ彫ֱϵУѡγһλԼ̳峤֮λĴˣ
ѡμ̳ˣ
ϫͫһУȴڴ⣬ѵʹ˴ԼжҲйɣ
Ҳٹ˶ãϹоͻᷢʶѿʼ׼ˡ
ȻһֱĬԵг˵һĪĻ
ȻˣϾ˴δѺѱݳǰ·δ֪׼ҪӴ˴μѡγһδļ̳ˣԴӦԲԤϵıҲʵ
ѩһóϫԼ׹ǳôǺԺ󼴽һйء
ֲҪѡγһ̳ˣһʲô䣬ҲԲţӵиӦֶΡ
ϫип
Сʦܣ˴жܷɹؼ㣬Һʦֻܱ֤㰲Ȼǡ
ѩȻĿϫɫȻϾǳڲ֮£ҺʦǿԲ֣ζЩˡ
ϫ䲻˴жʲôɿʦѩɫֻһ㼴Ӧ
ʦ֣СʦΪĿУ
ü
֮֡
ѩƬ̣ŵ
һĳɹϣ
ϫͫһе˴жͬѰ
ϣ
ʱкȻһһĳ磬ӡܵƵ񽣸ֶ
˽һ֣ͷͷųһļµĿɲϢȻһ֮鱦
Сʦܣ˽ͨ죬ȥðɡ
Ŀ⿴ϫ
һӣֹѩϫ˼ȻԳϫжЩģҪԴ˱ϫһ֮
óϫжʱжѣλʦֿģʵȣֻǱ﷽ʽһˡ
ǺǣǺ˲ҵ˽һãʦܿһھ;ܾˣû뵽˴Сʦܣ㻹Ͻ£
ѩԴȵɨһۣЦ
ѩжǣϫһ˼֮ȴҡͷܾˣλʦ֣˽Ƶȷǿƥù˽ʵȥر
жʱüͷһ壬Ϊϫڳǿ
ѩȥȻЦСʦܣĪҪ˼ʦֲˡ



2002 
ԣϫЦ֪λʦˡ
Ҳ˵һѩǰλʦ뿴
üͷаֹѵСӼķܱԼĻɣ
Ŀ˹ȥһɲǣ汦ʯӱȻһһס
һѾùָḧϸ̽þò
ѩˣ˿һ̩ȻĳϫĿҲ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ҳüëһһ˼
ֲÿҵĻ
нݸѩĿʦ֣Ҳϸⱦɿ٣źһͷһȶһ޶鱦
졣
ѩһ󣬾ͽϫЦӵд˱ȷѲҪˡ
ϫЦЦС
ӽŵؿʼʱֻҪս״̬һֱĴڣȥɺ鱦ıԴ
ǽ֮ԭֻһɾ̥ɱΪһ鱦
֪ӵ޳ɳĿܣҲܺõر
Ҳõý鱦Եòͬ
ףΪӵɺ鱦ܣüֱǹϵ¶һң鱦Աġ
Щȥ϶أ˾ż鱦Ҳ֮ɱ䡣
ʱ񣬽Ʒ֮Ǵ䱦ͭǮҪʤһ˿еĻȣҲǸʤѷɫ
ʶϫŻܾеĺ⣬ǲǿϻ
ѩеĿ̺ʱʱҲǾ̾ѣ׳ϫܾˡ
ӵд˱Сʦսռݲƣ˴жĲѰСʦ㻹ӦСΪס
ѩ룬ѳϫϾΪ԰ͬǺЩһЩĻȣɲ̫ǿˡ
ϫ˵ͷȴǰⲻѣЩдʦԵǰ
СʦҲعڱأֻҪս۶˭ֻȫԸ㹻ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôߵվֻռưˣع⡣
ϫѩһۣԶȻ
бҲһλĺᣬȴ˵һʵϡ
ţ
ڴʱͻȻѩƲʲô㣬ͬһ
䣡
жûκγɣָһһаƿնȥնһɳѷ졣
ѷ֮أǳ顢裬һĿֲ
ಡ
ϫӦǱ߲̽ȥʱͿһƵӰӣһڴϣһţȻܿеһ
ǵĺȻһɲɶԷܶȥٿȻʧɾЩ˾ˡ
һӰ˭ѵҲӵеزΪֻ
ϫ΢УкȻһ˿ϤĸоͺһӰһ㡣
һоЩΡ
Ůӡ
ѩȻڣ˫ָͫо˼
Ŷֲá
е˵ͷü͵͵׷ǣĪǻΪвɣ
仰˵ɱڡ
ĿģЩϹɱλ𾪣Ļ̻̣Ժڤ֣ҲֻǽΪˣûܳɺܲѰ
ѩ
ȷŮӵеսԲһڣȴܹڸղűܿҵһʵܲ
˵⣬ʶʲôӵеһŶйء
ҲģһڹŶأһȻĪشˣҿɴû˵Ϲĸӵȱˡ
ѩ䣬ƶһڹŶܸȤ
⣬ϫһͷˮסȻλʦϵøղˣ
ͼڴˣһжϳѩпеĪ⣬֪ðŮӡ
ڳϫչ֮ӡǶʮ꣬ŮϹһƬȷѪ꣬𾪣ͷ֮ʢٲȻǹ˳ϫΪĿĽ
ֻʱҲܹ⵽Ů
ѩ°Щ귢ϹЩ¸ϫһ¡
ϫҲ׹˼ȻܹӵǿŮ˵ȷܲ˼顣
˵⣬ϫͻأðһͷŮӡѵԪģ
óϫĪ𣬵Ϻ緻еһʱһѹᱦһڴ󶦡
ʱֻǿ˴˶һۣõóϫԺȻֳһĻ桪
һڴд󣬿磬Ưǿգɹһһ򾳣һξǧš
Ǵ֮УϥһŮˣɫ֣ӰģϡܿݣϷ绪
ƺ׷ѰʲôһֱڰǰУƺڶʲôòһ·ǰУһͻְ֮㡣
գӰģʧ
ġ޷ô
ϫأԻǵãһĻĻʱһ̾Ϣ쳹͸޾į˸С
ʱϫֻоһ޷ݵĹ¶֣Ʊ٣ҡ
һ컭Ȼʧʧأ߻ħ
ϰ׵ʱķһڴһԪ񱦣ϸԪУһԪˣ޿˭ӵ͵ܵıӣܣ
ǸһԪУԪȴһֻ֮ף
ͬʱϰ׷˵ƿش˴󶦵ŮˣȻѰһܼԪķš
ʱ򣬳ϫһже˼ΪԼ޹ء
񣬵йŮӵĴţϫȴûɵر㽫ϵ
Խϸ룬ԽǸоŮӿ¾ǼԦһڴ󶦲ʱдƯӰ
ͬһ˵ĻΪҪϹУϧɱôǿߣ
ʲôĿĲɣ
ڸղţΪλԼһ˸
ϫ˼֮Уͷ׷ɣþòԡ
ѩҲע⵽˳ϫ쳣Ϊϫ˼Ůӵ飬δ롣
ղŵıʷ֮󣬺ܿͻָƽʱ󡭡
ԪӦߡȻûںƽ֮Сյĵ·ĻһԪС
ڼԶĺǿһԼٻӰһŶϣૡ
һƻɬУ˿ݣƾ޳Ӱһ־ĶǰС
¹ȥڵ˳֮ϣǧʧˡ
УԦһŶᴩʱգʧ֮ǰͲڹ㣬ûκһ˿ۼ


2003 ĸ
֪ȥ
ϫȻû뵽ֻǰǷ֮ɽ·Ͼ˶ʱ䡣
Ҫ֪ѩλĴ£ŲٶȺ֮ɲɼˣȥˣһ··ûоͷ㡣
е˵ϾǷ֮ɽϹͿԵִġ
Ҳõóϫòпֲ֪ĸδԼϵǷ֮ɽ̫ңԶѰ˿¶ԵִοǻڳУǾ͸޷ȡϵˡ
УϫҲûţʼȥŲ֮ӡⲢǲУһֻҪ׳͸أʱһٽ䳹
֮ӡŵ߼Ԫ֮֮ӡһ̺ͬźޱȵУҪسײ͸Բܻһ򵥵顣
ϴ֮ӡľ飬óϫڲ֮ӡʱʡ١
̶ʱ䣬ѽаز˽һ룬Ա֮ӡʱĵʱ䣬ѿ١
ȻֻǲضѣʱͬҲúķѲٵʱ䡣
λƣʱȥ
һ죬ھĲеĳϫֻһѹɫδ㡣
ͬʱеˡ
ˣ
ϫǳѹ̧һͿǴʱһƬء䡢տޱȵǿС
һſ貵ǳѭУܶ嫡
ǿȻһޱȣ߲ɹɽ
ʵ̫ߴǳУƬǿյļ֧㣬۾Ρ룬ԶԶһƾС֮⡣
ϢҲأԡͨһٲ㣬飬ɽǣͷųһϵϡ
˽סвڣܵһѹϢУֱ޲ùĤݣκһ˿֮ͷ
Ƿ֮ɽ
һϹ֮ǰѴڵɽҲǾһƬԹҲֻһСڷܹ̤ϣȥԴ֮أ
Уڴɽۣ֮Ϊصһ֮ڣϹɲ⣬Ȼ֡
ɽһɲǣϫֻоһֱᣬҪѹȹصϢоõ궼¶ݡ
ҲֻһɲǣǳʶĺͼȻһȦĲͽһ״⣬ʱϫһɣָ糣
ϫǺͼοԼᱻƵùĤݲɣضûУ
д˱֪֮ɽ֮ˣӵſɱơ
ֵǣ˴κͼ춯֮УֻǺͬǣһεĺͼƬûвκų֮⣬ڰԼһѹ֮󣬾ٴ뵽˳֮С
ȳϫ˼ףͱкѩţԶǿŲƶȥ
ܿ죬ڳϫҰУͿǷ֮ɽ·һ޴ޱȣƷ䳲Ļ֮
ͷ֮ɽȣ̸ж󣬿ǺǳȣȴԵ쳣޴
ܹǳ㴩һ䳲Ļ֮ܣͺǹ°㣬Եò˼֮
˿ֱƿһ㣡
Ǳǻĸ
ָԶǷƵĻ֮еĻԶܾУÿһȺռŲͬĸλ棬ڻֻеȣ߲ͣס֮ǻĸеġ硯
ĸ
֣óϫгԾѣ˼壬ǻ絮֮ڣ
Ȼһѩ͵Сʦܣ֪ĸ翪֮Ψһ֮гӯΪԴĻܾУſǺᵮʱһٳΪo
֮˵ǻĺܹ֮ڵʱӵoĸܲɷ֡
˽һУϫвһпЩһȣЩνżֱֵһɹ
ڱ˻Ϊ׼ʱڵʱΪo
ܾӻĸڷ֮ɽܹ׵Ĳֱϲ֮֮࣡
ڳʱռݾƵĻ壬޵Ҳûȡ
ǵ̣
ȳ޲o
ԴסڻĸһƬĽ
УӴ񣬲֪µĻۣյط֪жô嫡
£޵߻ʲôǱȣ
ӲҲͻ֮ǿѩжСҲûԭġ

ĸƽߣʵҪżΪңԶľ룬Ϊʵ̫Ӵˡ
ɽ
еĴ£ϫŲƷɶʱ䣬ſǻĸǰ
ʱ򣬳ϫҲ㿴ĸλǷ֮ɽ·Ʒ䳲һǿպڶľ޴ŨĻ棬ӳĵ
ЩڻĸܵĿλͨҪУУ򲻵ȿͻܲԤĹ
ڽһ䣬ʹųϫѩֱٵһλͨǰ
˵ͨʵ޴ޱȣǿպڶ籡Ī⡣
ৡ
óһӵͭƣһͭƶʱΪһ⣬뵽һλͨУʧ
ǽλܾͨ̾УҸղѽƣò˶ãԷԻǰӭ
˵޵ǰҪп¾ˣΪЩֻǵͬ࣬Щ޵ߣ벻ǵķۡ
Ȼ紫ǰ㽾
ѩЦЦ
ʲôҿڤ粻ʲԷ⡣
ɹЦͬ壬ȴƺԻܲԴ֮оǲм
ϫһȴûʲôǰһͨͨĸͱĳأоͲһ󲨶ֱ޲̳ȥ罫ĸӻء
Сʦܣʱ򣬿Ҫס
ѩ˳ϫһ䡣
ʦַģס
ϫһǱ侲֮
ԭĵã
ʱһʵһλͨԭͨܵĻȻֿһȴƵġ
ߡ
кͳϫѩһڿնһ뵽һͨУת˲ʧ
ĸǰ˵ءЩ鷳ˡ
ڳϫǸûãһԼӰҲǴӼԶǿƮҷ
̤һ󶦣ƻɬӳϫʧķãһ̾ûмȥ
ৡ
Ӱһѳһǿȥʧƶڵȴƺĳ뿪ˡ



2004 ٹ
ড
һͷޱȵݱϷѣտϴһ㼴ƿնȥ
󣬾ͷɳΟѲϣŲתơ
ϣһͷˮں֮ϣ۾ɹ̫̬Եá
һȺƺŲɫƬһ籡ϼҩˮͣરા׽̵
Զɽǳ֣ӵ֮ͷ

ϫͨһ֮ͨ󣬵һۿľһĻ棬ɽ࣬ݷ裬̻羰续һƬԴ㡣
ϢҲΪºͣڣؼӯۿɼ
ӹɣһƬʥأνĶ츣֮һȣֱͲֵһᡣ
ϫƶϣһ޵ٲֻҪܹڴ˵УҲ޷ͻƵ⣡
Ǿ磬һڻĸеĶλ棬ǻܾ֮̾ء
ಣ
ڳϫǸյִȻһ󲨶ֳһͷӴƥޡ
λĵǰ£
ۣͭȻĿΪ׵ϣǿɲޱȵΪɫжʱ¶һĨʳ
ȥ֪ͨգ˵á
ڷԸ
̫ϳϵѣԺȥȥ
ƴһһٿȻʧԭء
գ
ѩȻɨһۣҼǵôˣƺǡ
ĵܵܡ
ֱ˵˴𰸣˱֮ĳɲ˲١
ʲô
ϫ𶯣׵ĵܵܣ
Ǹ׳ĵܵܣҲֻǳֻת֮ǰˣͳϫûٹϸ
ɵϢʱϫɲԾΪղſһͷ޳ƺΪ̫ϳϡ
ǻһӵ˳ߵĵλֻ֪֮ǰĳڳеĵλǺ֮ߣ
ʦ֣Ҹֻת֮ǰоںεȵز
ϫסʳ
ɾ͵ʦˡ
ѩĿС
мˣҲûʲôģ̹Եĳǳеһͨͨ죬ҲǺպ
ţбйسһЩ¼һ顣
ԭĳ츳Ⱥ˫ųƳеĵһǿߡ
ĳԭֻǻһΪѰµȲ壬ûһƬԼλ棬ֻܺһЩµȲ干ڻĸеһС
ųǿһٴԭĸ֣ȺսķӲĸдһƬ£⡰硱׾ΪУΪܾ֮̾ء
ʱ໤Զпг֮ͷѲ赲ΪгһգڳĴ£弫ϣ뻤еϵȲС
Ȼʱƫƫ⣬֪ΪΣһرѡֻ
һֹǳϾ𾪣һҲе˼š
Ѿ벻ţ޷ء
ʱ𣬳ͱó֮ǰǰ磬ţ𽥳ֳûļ
ʱ񣬳Ҳֻǿסеˮ׼ҲֻһЩµȲǿͬΪеȲ

һУϫ˳õĳĬУ֮
û뵽ĸ׾Զ˸һ֮ŤתǬҡϣӲڻһдһء
ʱǨȴΪ֪֮ȱ仯óϫЩԽܡ
Ϊʲô
оʲô
ĸΪλִ뿪ѡֻת
Ȼֻתˣֻѡ񷵻У
ϫ벻ףȴȷһĳԭˣ
ʦ֣֪ΪҪҸץ
ϫסʵ
ҡͷҾͲˣϾǳڲĻ飬У֪һеĿҲ١ȴ˴νӻ㸸ʱһʱ֪
ϫЩʧһᶨ˴˴жľġ

ԶУһ󷭹һնبؼ䣬繰һ㣬ߴ䡣
֮ϣʮӰһɣƳȺΪ
Ϊ׵ģһ²뷢Ʈݣϣ˵ӡ
˿˫ָ̤侲ŲȴһִǬϢ
ԣһλ
ˣǵĴϳգִȫ֮£Դӳʧ֮һԾΪ˳ȨƵһˡ
зɿ촫ӵݣȻֻȨ죬ɻм˲ĻʯϹŶǲʯ
֮ǣȨ죬ʵȴ̸ǳһ
ȷϢ̫ϽĦһˮ׼
ѩЦһ䡣
̸ʱǳѴһ˵ִӭ
û뵽еϡͰ
մЦһǰкѡ
겻ɷɣʵϲɺء
ƽһ䣬ͽߵѩλɽʦ֣ѩص˵
üëһЩȣЦŹֵԭɽμ棬©֮һ
ѿˡ
ѩЦЦ
λǣ
βнܣվͽĿ˳ϫһɲǣϫʱײһ£ָϸ۲죬Էˡ
΢СϸڻǱϫΪز׽еʱһݣѵԷϳԼ
ס
ɲнܣǳպ󷽵һŮӾ;ɳ˵ģϤ
ԣҲָо
ôоģ˳ѩһЩƣ
Ůһ仰õԱһЩҲ׷׳ϫĿдһĨ졣
ɳϫѹ˲Щ˳ʱϫֻ׻һķŭٿȻӿͷõ޷ƣ
ڴʱһְֻ˳ϫϣ͸һůõóϫʱƽ
һƳۣͿʦѩЦԼ
ˣϫ侲
֣ڹǰɺͳ
ǳһüǳЩһ䣬ŤͷкѩЦС֪ڣλĪҪ黳λǰӭһΣ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ǲȥʳϫˡ
ˣкѩźۼؽһŵͷ


2005 Ϻ
翪ڻĸ֮У㳬ȻɱȣǶ֮컯֮ݼ
̾УӴѲ֪µϴ񣬵֮ͬ
ǳյĴ£һ·ϳϫͿɽࡢƬޣҩ̸ɽ续ۻ롣
ǹɽ֮УһϽ۴αȣӷ޾ͷΪ׳
ϫ˿û˼Щһ·ϣһֱԺ˼һ⡣
˳
꾿ʲô
ϫ²͸ͨղŵĶԻѾȷǸ׳ĸѩȷ壡
ۿǳյ̬ȣѴ²³Լݣȴƫƫ֪ЩѰζˡ
Σ˴һҪӻظĸģ
ϫૣ̬ѱüᶨ֮
֮ԸѰٵĸΪ˴Ըշתн粻֪£ССһ̳ǣնɱϽڴ̫ս̤벨׳Ȼִ𻯷ɽ磬ɽ紳Ϲ֮С
һ·ϣ֪˶ٵѪȺͿ֪˶ĥѣһиŬΪ˵üĸžһ죿
ϣѾߣֿɼϫԲٴѰ̫õĻᣡ

յʱ
ǰ·ĳպȻ㣬ЦָԶ뿴ºһε㽫Ļ
ϫʱӳ˼ѣ̧ȥͿԶطͨ߷塣
߷־֮λƣӲ񷸩ǡγɻԲ֮״̫
ʱ߷֮ϣһΪΡļ̨ʮɷΧգĲɣ̡֮
Ǽ̨룬ȼһҫޱȵİɫֱյһƬ貣ʥޱȡ
ԶԶأһĲãƴǼ̨ɢصʮء
ǳļ̨٣ϳӯΰͼ֮ųϺʷ
Ѱʱ̨ذ㣬ҲǶ޷һġ
ô˵ĵˣǡԳô˻ᣬĦһڳϵĿɡ
ѩЦȻڡ
жԴ˲ÿɷɫɡ
ˬһЦдеһǰҳҲǱҡ
˶٣źۼؿ˳ϫһۣųѩЦˣ֪˴μϣҳϱ㽫ѡγһ峤̳ˣʱ򣬴ҲڹʱæһһμܻôǾ͸ˡ
ѩЦŰ֣̫ˡ
ȴǸп˵Դֳ겻ǶƵƵһЩ⣬Щҳ峤λһֱţٳѡһˣҳҲû
ѩͷ⵹ȷЩס
չһЦٶԣһٴγǰɶݶȥ

ûãڳյĴ£һװεţׯĻֺС
˷ֱ֮òŮĿ䣬ΪѩСϫ赹ˮ֮ܵ
ɴҲԿѩеãҲ֮κε
⵹Ҳѩɽ״ӣһλ֮ͨ컯ĵڣۼλõóȻеĴҲ֡
еͬ⣬ֹɽˣ⻤һĺᣬͬóղҵд֮
ϾǻеϵȲ壬ۼ̣վһ
ʶ£ȳе̫ϳϣҲǲʧ˶Է
ӭУ˳պͳϫѩ֮⣬һЩ㡣
ЩŮһƳȻɣǵڣһ޲ڣ߰˸֮ࡣ
ҪǣǽԶǻᣬȻoϣѹǿһͷ
һ֮󣬳ָ߰˸ˣЦλ뿴ЩᣬڰºϣҲ뵽̳˵ľС
УԺ֮⡣
ѩЦɨЩһۣȷһ׿Ⱥ䲻
ܵõͣĳҲɰմЦ
߰˸ҲЦ⣬ɷ
ڴʱһֱɫĬȻԵȴǺȻڵ䲻վδɣĥһЩʱ䣬ִƴΡ
һ仰ôնʱһ͡
ɽˣҲǻһᣬȴ˵һζͱЩһˡ
״ģΪڿ೰ЦԷ
ɼв޴⣬һ˵֮󣬻óյһڳ΢΢Щ
ǺǣеԼǣڳĳδɣպ޷۴ƣĥ£֮·ʱ޿̲ĥ£ЩϺԣºļ䣬δҲһĥ¡
ճƬ̣ȻЦųοֻҳϺһٮٮߣһЩһЩڱչأȼĻʱеѱԼˣʱԸеһϲ
Դǲ̲ԣһķ緶
ȴҡͷѣϲ̸ϣһ˲뵽ǼУҿͻᾪϲˡ
ȻŶеѿҳһλˣ
߰λҲ׷׺治ѡ
Ŀ֮£һָߵĳϫ

ǳϫյг˶һ㵣㻳Լ䡣
մǾͲײ鴤һ£ƺ׹ɫ΢΢Щ
ʱϫԼλʦֵ⣬ƺҪԼҲ뵽ϵļУ
˵ĻǿУϾԼһӮǳϼ̳˵ʸҪӻظĸϣɻ࣡
ΨһڣԼɲĳϺᣬǳת֮ãòҪпɾ޼ƿʩˡ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣޱ飬ڣеѣòڿЦɣ
üҿɴӲЦ
һ仰óɫһĬԼµ˴˴ѩǰĿġ
ǰɴ˴μҳڲ֮£ҲԶҳˣ˿ǲġ
ղ˵һ̲סڣʣӢˣϣָҪǳ֮¡
ǰǰ˾ٿЩˡ
Ҳ׷׿ڣЩϫǵĿѴһ˿⡣
ˣ
дǷһĨζĻȣǴŻСʦǳĺᣬ뵽˴μУѵĲ𣿡


2006 ν
ĺ᣿
һӱóţЩϺᶼ۾һ޷ŵӡ
˳ϫ֮⣬˿һ˱򶨣ǾǳգеƳϫݣסüЩãջ
ˣвٶԣδȥȡʲôƳԶղҲӦ
κѩȴƳţѣʦܵĽΣ
У´˾˳ĺᣬҲûʸ뵽̳˵ľУ
ȳտڣһʣӢ䲻һϮµȰ಻ס߿
гǳһΪĽɫӵΪ
ȴڣвΪ츳Ĺϵۼĵλ֮һЩ߲ﻹҪҪ
˵Ĳһ֮ƾʲôʸ
ҼǵóתޣȻת֮ãϸӵҳһѪһһҳ̳֮λʵ
ҵҲӦ
һ˲ֱһϣ
߿ЩҲʱס׷׳
䲻ѩУɶԳϫȴǺԴ֮оڮų֮⡣
ϫһпУвЦЩڼΪoļһΪԼ̰̳˵ݣ
ۼһƬõѩеʱüĿ˳ա
ǵݣúЩƵĳϺƽϡ
ѩĿⶢţҲٳĬȥʱɫһȳͳͳ죡ڹǰɺͳ
ʱ֮䣬һ죬ɫأд˲ϫĿиǳ˲ơ
ͷ·𿴼һԼĵҪƿȨ㣬õͬ飬һ¿ʼ⡣
ڴˣҲϫֱӺˣøЩһƽϣΪ˳Ȼظĸ̤һ
λѣʵҲϫֳתãҳûһѪԵϵ˵ȥֻ嶼ѴӦˡ
̾˿һΪѵģ
ѩȴ΢΢һЦףǰ˼ĳҲתǰĳˣȻˣΪҪˣ޹
һһѪҲǳϫ˵ĻǰȻѪԵƾʲôץҸף
ƺѲµѩ˵ɫΣ̾ⲻһģֳѻָǰ䣬Ҳζţҳӵедкţѱ֪£վǺҳϸġ
˶٣οֳ֮ԱҲҵȱ⣬ǣһЩĻҪ£ݲҵȲˣΪܣɿܻĽ
شȻóϫ⣬ڣѩѻȻ
ɫ䵭ֹ֮ϵ֣ĳСʦܵĸףȴΪһЩһЩδ̫ˣ
һϯõóɫ΢΢һ䣬ֹ
еҲΪѩ̬ȵı仯Ȼýһɽŵζ
ҲڴʱҲ֮ԭϣĮȻһƬѣѿҵȴ˴ǰΪǳ̳˵ֻҪӦ򸾣ҵԻмȻֹɽӦҲӦ
ƽȴһĨв֮⡣
ҲֻСѩ⻤һĵ˵֮ˣˣǸûʲô
š
յɫҲ
Ĭãһλѻ£ʲôǺú̾ˡ
ֻɽջȥҲ׳ŵ֮аˣټһ壬ȴóոҲضԴ¡
Ҳá
ѩЦЦʾһ
Ҹղ룬ڿûֳ뿪ġ
ճþҵǿҴӦóϫ뵽һεļ
£ǳһ˵ʱüƽΪԷͷ̫衣
ѩҲЩ⣬нһ֮󣬱ͷ⵹Ҳ
ռˣưһϫѣ뵽̳˵ľУҲƲκβҲֻ顣
ЩɱҪ˵ˣһСʦڴ˴ξȡʤǿɲȥڡ
ѩƳ˳һۣЦ
ԣڵг˽Զһ㵡
ȡʤҲζųϫջΪ峤̳ˣ
Ȼܣ
һѣɽˣܷӳܣ
ǸͲ뵽˴ξеĳ˾жֲɣ
һ̣һɫж¶һĨŪЦǿЦ
ԼСʦܺ
Цų
ǿ϶ģЩûзʱ򣬻治ùȥǹ۶
ѩͷ
ˣƤһüãŵóϫ룬һ淢飬̳˵¡
˵꣬ͱдϵѣ㾿ʲô˼
ԴУѴһĨ͡
պ˴ϹвһŭȴǿЦѡ
ٴδϵ̫࣬Եúûг⣬òǷҵȵİɣ
æ֣ңҡ
ѩʱȻһԽСʦĶ˼̳ұСʦӦʱ˳򸾲С
յȻһУ׹ԭԷȥʵͼҪȳ򸾣
һֹ̣ǳϫһ˵ĿҲ˳ϡ
֮󣬳̾һãλϣĳӦˣ
ԣѩУǳϫнԶһжѳɹһ룬Ѿǲ
ϾԷǳ壬Զ󣬲ܱƵ̫Էĵִͷ
ĳҲҪλһ䣬Ǵ˴γϫûߵһԺ󣬿ĪҪἰֳˡ
һȻ˵Ҳһ־档
ѩЦŵͷȻ
ֱʱö
λǰλϫģʵǺĺܣڣдд裿ҶܣҿҲͲȥμǼ̳˾ˣ
һϮµĳһҲ಻סɨųϫڡ
صƵζ


2007 ѵ
Ȼϫսʱ˽ԶЩ⣬ҲЩصζ
Щ˿ϫĿдһĨϷʣһֻεģ
΢΢һ֮󣬴ҲһĨȡ
ܹڴ˿̱ԷݺݴһԷѵںϫʧȥ̳˵ʸûʲô
ڴˣȻּɡ
ΨкѩһۣԶüǿɲԸϫʱͱ¶ʵ
ðϫѾˣʣ黹Լ
СʦܣΣ
ѩʵ
ֻǸоȻ³ѾӦҲһ̳˵ľУΪʲôҪһأ
ϫ룬üڣο˿Ӯ˶ԷҲҴκκôԣսҲա
ǵģϫúͶԷƽϣֲ̳˶ԾҪһٺͶԷд裿ġ
ˣѩЦЦͷѡ
ɴ˻ǳУȴΪϫӣһսסмôɽĴҲֻҶڳӻ³ǿûӭսɾЩ̫ʧˡ
ԴͲϫΪӲСˡ
һôЦ
λϫѣ㾿Ҳһս
㲻ңͷϼˣȻԹ뿪ɣǳɲ˭Ұĵط
ȻʧԭΪ֮УҲֻɽȼԺǻᲢۣ˭룬ſЩʵ
ʼڿϫ䳰ȷ
ռˣ۹۱Ǳǹģһ޶ԵģƺûҪȥֹһС
ǳһƺ׼ѩ˲Щ˼ƽϣ޿֣ìͷȫָϫ
ϫҵҲǱ㣬ûһսǾͰˣҳΪᣬҲȥˣ
˫ָȻޱȣӰɨ˳ϫһۡĸ˱ҧüء
ȻжѩиղšơմӦóϫ̳˾ҲΪǳôʱй˳
ָɣžˣϫˣ̵ȻѩеƣȻŰѩҲˡ
ɵӣȻܹó̺˼һʱ֮䣬ѩüͷҲײ塣
СʦܣҪҪҡ
ѩ˵꣬ϫЦſڣʦ֣ͲعˣҾСҿͱ˵ˡ
˵ţϫĿ⵭ȻһɰȻ֮ɫĳ񣬵ղŲսúƽϣȴ֪ˣ˵Ҳִ֪磬Ҳֻҳֽѵѵˡ
һ̣ϫȷӦսˣ̬Ȳ֮ǰǰĬ෴һӳĵǿޱȣ
ڳϫЩһȻţӦñֵøŲУЩһﻹ浱Լӿء
ϫصЩ˵ɫһﾹ֪ˣִ֪磬ʵ̫ˣ
ҲüѵôĿǳҪһɽСһѵ
һɲնЩѹƲסŭ޲óݺϫһ
㡭Ҫѵң
ϫӦսΪ˷ܣɵ˳ϫһʱɫУݺɨӳϫ
ԣû
ϫɫɣ
ǺǣǺǺǡ
ȻЦɫм͸һĨɭȻãƾֵұ飬̫ܵѿ
֣ϻϽսɣѾȲ˫ˡ
ԣǰӸհѡ޵ԲزҵȿҪúüʶʶ
֣ǿͣľǶԵģÿ˰̫ܵѿԵǳ̫ûˣ
Щ˷׷׹ΪģҲ̳ϫġ
ڴˣѩлûȥƽϣǱϾݰܺһЩСһƽˡ
ҲΪ׼һ㣬Щ˲ŸԵ޿֣Դ޼ɡ
ڳգɲʱֹһУͲóܹݺݱϫһ١

ֺ룬֮ĶԾԣֳδЩš
ںԼΪoΪӵΣֻƬ̣ѹϫȫѡս֮ء
ϫȻں뷨ҲˣԸһѣȥ̫ࡣ
һﶼԸˣԼҲȥμһ̳˾ˡ
ϫɣҿһ㾿ʲôͣҳԽѵҡ
˹ָͷǷһĨɭȻ˵ĻȣһϮ£̬ʣԵˡ
ˣϫ̤
䣡
һɲǣϫ˶ˣٶȲ˼Ŀ죬նѹ鱬ӰʧԭأֻһӰ
ţ
ͫһȻ֣о޷ϫӰ
ΪһλսķӦҲ֮ʶ˫һţһֻԲȻҫޱȵĽɫȦݺƳȥ
ԶԶһͺһǰƣƺƴ󣬾߱ݿ࣬ɱǬ֮ܡ
䣡
ɽһɲǣһֻԲɫȦ룬ͱһ޳ָƣһ
ԲȦ֮ѣȻ飬׷ɣ쫷Хܡ
ء
֮ǳֻоն͵һʹ˶ܿƵصɳȥݺݵ棬ҵα飬涼ѿһĿĵѷ졣
ٿʱǴǿѪͷɢģǱ֮
һж˵ʵ̫죬ӳϫȻٵһֽɫȦ飬ɶȥһɲǾɣò˼顣
һЩ˶ֻоǰһѱɳȥȥϫγģ
ٴοϫԭأɫȻ·ղŷһж޹һ㡣
һɲǣȫ𺳡
˭Ҳ޷Ÿտʼ棬񾹲ǳϫһ֮У
Ҫ֪ڳУڣҲһλ͵ɫoΪ֮زǵ̣Ϊȫǳϫɱȡ
񡭡Ȼˣǰһ֮䣡β𾪣˸ˣ
ΪȻһУͬû뵽ӵΪĳϫһսᷢǿ
һʱ֮䣬жЩɲ
ˣ㾹͵Ϯ
ŭĴУһܣ޷һУɫס֮߳ܵ
ŲųϫôǿΪԼղⱰӵļһû͵Ϯˣ
͵Ϯ
ϫҡͷúһƽϣתҪطλ
ɾڴʱ͵طһŭ𣺡վסɵĻˣȻ˸һűӳ֮Ѫսûߣ


2008 
˸һ
űӳ֮Ѫ
һŭԭתĳϫһԭȻ忡Ȼһ֮ɫ
һհŭ𲻿ƵӿͷϫһԨжȻһĨɱ
֮ǰϫӶԼ׳һִֵʹޣⲻ˾ͿԵĸף
ǣ⻹ڳУ⻹ǵ֮棡Է޼ɵ͸ף
һɲϫɫĮȻûи鲨Ϥ˶֪ǳϫ׷ŭס
תĮȻĳ񣬵£ҿԭһΡ
ƽһ˿ϳϫĮȻ֮ݣôûһ
üѡ
Щ಻סȴѩĿֹʾ԰ꡣ
ԭѷŭ֮ɵϫĿ⣬ͷ·֮סһһĪļ¶
䵱ϫĻʱӦֱ׻㣬סһޱȵĳ裬ڵŭǻȼգɫ
Ļˣ͵ϮԼ˵˿̾ȻҪԼ£
ֱǸɱ
㡭
ŭһȻָһץһűޱȵĽɫٿȻۣΪһ˽ɫ֮ì
ǳìâܣһֱأ촷ǬĿֲϢ
һ֣ʼҲбļ
һĳѼƲһӣʩչʱƬȶ
ˣֹ·ԲƬضܲһɡ
д˱֪һ֮ɲѶɱУ̺һǻķŭҪѹϫ

Ŵ𣬳ֳֽɫ֮ìݺݴʱգìЮ޿ƥеķâףƾ磬ֱָϫüĶȥ
ء
֮ʱձ˺һֱĿհѷ죬һߡԶһ֮»Ϊޡ
ҲòϣΪĺᣬӵ̵ȷӵŽıǮս֮ǿһͬǿȻʧɫѰɱȡ
һɲմǶһĨ͡
Щˣѱһݺݾ޵ɫп֣һ֮£ǳϫɿлĻ᣿
һϫĮȻɣӰһ̾ʯϵɣ¾ͦΣһ
УȴΪϫһ壬ͣױɵˡ
ԭƽѩҲ΢΢һЩϫ˷Ӧ
䣡
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һ˽ɫ֮ìѺݺݻʱնìķâóϫŨںڵĳɣ졣
һ
ۼһ˽ɫìüޣϫüֻʣ²һ֮ء
ɾΣֵһɲǣһֻ޳ֺȻƾճ֣һѾͽһ˽ɫë߬סõú޷һ˿
ôܣ
ȫȻͫţţһԴɱ£Ǭ飬ɴʱһֻƸ߬סˣ
⺧һĻ˭ˣ
մǵһĨͶȻ̣ЩеĿܶʱɢһĨȡ
ˡ
ɫ֮ìҲȳâ򣬿ɲ죬Ҫ
ִƴìĳɫǾŭӣĿѣʩչȫ
ĸţԼΪһɱﵣϫ֮޷ƿ
Ǵ־ͺ͹ޱȵʯõһ˽ɫ֮ìξҲҲ޷һ˿

𣬷ߺ޾ŭ˼¡
꣡꣡
ɻһ˽ɫ֮ìʹ类飬Ϊɫ
¡
һɲǣͳױһգҫ۵Ĺâϯõòٳ˺ĵܲѡ
ܷɣסȳһѪҪܣ͸оǰһʺһʹһֻ߬ס
ʱҰУͿСƵģϫסʺǣӶѪƾ޼¡
˺Ȼֹ
˵֮ǰϫһ͵ϮǽңɵһĻʱ˭ô룿
ֻǣ˭޷ǣĳϫǿ죬ĳУǺ֮߹㲻һ
㡭㡭
ǻ߳ܺͷŭ˿̶ѻΪ鶼㱬Խ档
䣡
һ̣˾ͱϫݺڵϣ˫ϥһ飬ܿƵعڳϫǰ
һĻ䲻⣬̫ͻȻõ˶ȥֹͿѱ˫ϥڵء

һǰδеĳӰݺݴУõǿݶŤͷһ͸ޱԹ
һλᣬӵа˫֮ӵйڸµ̣ӵ龴ηĽȨ͵λȴȹڵأ
һ˺ǰ
裡
ޱȵĳ裡
һ̵ĳ񣬶ҪɱϫĶˡ
ס֣
ڷӦȳ⡣
ͬʱѩЦ˹˸ĸߣ˺֮ҲСʦܻϢŭĪҪһʱߣƻǱ˴˹ϵ
Դºͣɻ˼ȴǿӲ֮õǳɫһò
ЩϫţĮȻӸŹԼǰĳһһٵǽѵԺ˵ٿɲǹлǰˣ
˵գתλ
ۣ
һ̵ĳ񣬾üŭģ͵һѪֱͦͦɵڵأ˹ȥ
ˣЩ˶һߺǰ£ϫĿУǴһĨԹ֮ɫҲһ˿ɻȥļɵ
ڴˣϫɻȻ⣬ѩλʦڣҲЩ

Цǳϵ̣ǳţˣϫɱ˳ɿܻһ·

һ£ѱýӲ֮ǳǿǻŭ˴ѩСϫһ뿪һרΪٵĶУ
ɶʵǿɶ񣡡
ϫһ뿪޷зŭ͵һǰ빣Ȼѡ
һЩղŷһУҲǱ߽ӣеޱȡ
̫ϳϣѵЩһȥ
һ˲ʳ
ǰɽ̫ţֱǳʵ̫
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ˣԭŭĳշ侲ĬƬ̣ų˵ˣʲô˵ģ
Щһȴߺ
˵ǵΪȷ̫ˣȴ˴μ俪ʼʱԻСһϲ
ޱ飬䳹ǣȥйϫ̳˾ˣԻô


2009 ݷ
ΪϫǰŵĶУһƬɽˮ㣬ӯ֮Ȼ
лһ峺׵Ϫˮ˿̣ʦֵϪˮ֮ϵı̲ݴϡ
СʦܣղΪûɱ֣
ѩЦʵ
ϫſЦɱͻüˡ
̾˿ϾҴ˴ӻظĸģЩ̻ǵһЩ
Աߵɫ㼴ɱҲ谭ǵжǳ廹ûôӣҺ˺Ƥˡ
⻰Եðʮ㣬ϫҲݡ
ѩˣ˵֮ǰ֣ȵóҲòòټСʦܸղչ¶ʵǿ϶ʹ˸ˡ
гĬƬ̣ĵǲģΨһĵģСʦڲһ̳˾ʱһʧɾЩѰˡ
ѩΪȻͷϾǻһǿƣ֮УȻһЩ޳Ⱥ֮Ѱɱȡ
˶٣ѩСʦΪǲһЩǡǣǾǲεǿߣǿɾЩˡ
˴γļϣܹ뵽̳˶ԾģԶӵϵܡ
Ҫ֪ڵУһλڣԳΪһˡ
Ǹ⻤һĳУһ̳ͶҪηܹУ֪һ֮ߡ
ϫƾΪУΪֻеҵˮ׼һߡˡȲεǿߣҲȷ˻ᵣĲѡ
Ҳֻǵģ˸е
ѩпɶԼСʦΪ߱սɿ죬޷Գ
ʶڴ˴γϫ뵽һ̳˵ľУ˻Ǳкܴϣġ
ϫĬΣ˵λʦַģʱһȫԸģ

˳֮̾أкԶܾУʶϫܳϢһɢܿ˵ע⡣
ڳհƲ£йسϫݣԼ˴ǰĿģҲ֪һʱ֮䣬ನ
Ǹ˳ĺ᣿湻ģǰ̳ֱ֪
һoǵˣֵһɹ
ɴ⣬˾Իܳ񣬱ʵɲС˵б
бߣΪˣɱˣµԪƣˮλһĸѹϫ
ưɣһﾹҵļ̳ضȡ裬ȼʼʱһ
ЩۣԳһУЩ߲ԣǸĵģǳϫǰĿģ
ɽһɽֲôӸ˲ⱣҪ˻ᣬ˳򸾣ʵ졣
Σξǵóˣ
˳£¹谲Σ˭ˣҲܷˣ

зУѩ뿪ܾ֮أǰݷһЩϵĴ
֮ǰԣΪڣڳиǵ̫ϳϵְ񣬵ҲֻܳȨ죬ۼʵȴǳǿġ
ΪУмƻʯϹŶǡʯ
ѩ뿪ϫ㲻žޡ
ļʣʮʱ䣬ʱ޷һΪɱ䡣
ϫЩĥǹҲ󱧷ţжԣͬһ㣬ѳΪһ֣£Բ˷κϾʱ䡣
֮ӡеаѳײֻ轫Գ
ϫӴ
ɽǰĸ·ϣķ˳ϫǰ£ڸ·ǰ꣬ϫ£֮ӡĴаز˽һ롣
ںߵУǽ֮ӡʣµİز˾ųɾţֱǽŵ߼Ԫеġ֮ӡȫ
ֻһḶ́ա֮ӡȫ
Աȵһβ֮ӡѵʱ䣬֮ӡʱࡣ
ϫȷٶѾԼļޣҪǲܣԼԷ֪ͻһ󾳽硣
ʳϫڲڣ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣȻһӶ⴫
ǰ
ϫü
³ºޣǰݷõѡ
һٴ
ºޣ
ϫʶˣ룬տʼһԷ

⣬һӣݸ㣬ȳһ⺷ɵϢ
ϫԷĵһۣжϳΪֻ񾳲Σκв
ϫѣðţ
º޹֣ԡ
Ѳؿ
ϫЦЦԷӭУΪ෽һˮŵ֪ǰҳĳ£
º޵ʵ游ᵱӲһս游ͲֵܣŲ뿪游һֱѻħ̫ʢ御
ϫʱȻȴ֪˵ЩʲôãϾǵĳδֻת
ºҲһ㣬ܿתƻ⣺游ǰȴԣ֮뿪ش飬ݺʱҲδ˽ҿࡣ
˶٣ֻҲ˸ʵʹ
ϫ۾ѴΪ˸˵Щô
ºҡͷֻţ˴ǰΪ˾ȻزǼڴѣʶصǰһ
ϫȭˡ
º̾˿ԳģҲֻŲ޲ˡ
˵⣬ɫȻ࣬ѣѾ˵ܳ飬ޱҪСģЩУйϣ˶ڰ׼Ҫʱһѵ澡顣
ϫĬƬ̣лѡ
º޼ϫӦ䲻ЩƣԥƬ̣ŵѣҲΣǰ֮ǰ˵λڣѽжҪ֮죬Ϊ񱨳ѩޡ
Ŷ
ϫüѷŭΪʸ֮ˡ
º޵ͷҴ˴ǰҲѵصģ򲻿ɴˡ
̸ˣºޱҴҸ뿪һصģ
º뿪֮󣬳ϫԳ˼ãҡҡͷٶ룬Щ̫Ҳûá
ͬʱչһһڹϵĵС
˵ġ
ֲףȴĽأΣѺģԶзˣ


2010 ֵܷĿ
ĴѰĴڲʵϵٳĽӿռ䡣
ÿһӿռ䣬ԶһС磬һУ֪κϢ
һӿռС

ѩһͳɢ
һ£ѩٺ󷽣ḧң̬񾲣ˮ
һ࣬ϯض
׷ɴѩ򸾶˸һ쳹⾳Զ
ܿ죬һͱһϡ
ѩ٣ĳɩˣ
һӰԶ̤ѩ̾Ȼǳա

ѩһң
ĳҡͷѩޣ´ٵ
ѩͷҲá
ʼնȻûһۡ
ɳȴƺ⣬ֱǰһƨڳ棬˼ˡ
Ƴһۣ˼ͲӦͽ˲졣
չһЦһĻ١̾˿ϧȴǲò
Ŷ
ѩͳһۣԶ¶˼֮ɫ
һʱ֮䣬վЩţΨѩƮ裬ص֮
ǳȴƳĬ統˵ĲȻͼǰ뿪ˡ
ѩͳԣֽס˴˶һۣĿнԶһĨ
һĻ֪Ƿ򸾶˸ؽ̸ѿͨ²⵽˴뷨
δһԡ
óսסüðΣǺȻЦˣԹ˵֪ǰЩڴˣǵǲֹǣôһ룬ΪҪǣ
һҴ磬һҴɩǱƲѣֵܷĿ飿
ؼڣ㵱ꡭ̫ˣΪνռ;ϧ˽Դرôȥѵûһ˿򣿡
˵󣬳ѴһĨ߿һʹļף޷ͻıģ
ʼգѩɫ·Դţƽ֮
ã̧ųգ˺ܶ飬һҴߵرԼãڶѾͳ޹ϸԣԺٽҴ磬ҳûĵܵܣ
ԣȻЦ磬ʱ㻹뻮ֿϵܣļӵǰӡӵڳдУƾʲô˵ͳ޹ϸ𣿡
üûж˵ʲôִ꣬ȥִѸûκ塣
˵ɣ﾿ǺĿġ
һֱԹ۵ѩʱȻڣ͸һĨ䵭ٹң뿪ǿûϻ
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Ƥײس鴤һ£κ˵ܼ򵥣һʽס
˵
ѩ³һ֡
ˣշ΢΢һЦһ̨ģ¸λǵĶӳϫѾˣСһΪɱǿ̫ˡ
ϫ
Ȼ
˵ǰʱѩԼµǳϫֻǵõȷʱɲһ֮οΡ
Ϊĸȴ޷չ˶ӣ񷴶ҪǰȣóɿܲΣ
ֹˣСһɲı֮˴ǰЮɽ֮ƣõҲòò뵽ڲĻļ̳˾С
һԵú̹ϣڡ
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Ϊ˶ձȻʹˡ
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ü
磬ĪˣǳϿǻһǿƣǶȻףãΪܶü̳𣿡
˵⣬ѷһĨмûoĵ̣ҳһѪԵһСһҳݣ
ȻˣΪ
ѩ˭˵ԼӲҲᶯŭˡ
˵ˣһ׵ġ
̾˿Ѿ̫꣬Ҳʱһˣ˵أ
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ˡ
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ڴˣȴδ¶ʲôȻôʱҽ棬һ濼һ
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ճ𣬷뿪Ӱʧѩ֮С
һ
ոһ뿪ѩϱ㲻һĨǡ
ģ˽գòִϵȨĿܸʯٵжˣϫ˴οɲֻһǰˡ
䣬ɽ壬ɶĳҳ׵ġ
ѩ룬ԭüͷҲ滺չͷֻҪϫû£޹ؽҪ
˵ϫǲһĨЦ⣬пǰңĽǴռһ硣Ľӵ㣬ĺ
ѩɫҲ૵ҺγҲˣ
ѩڻУѩӦϫͼɽԲµģͷİɣһԤУò˶ãһ˱žһҲֿˡ
ѩڳУɫд㽡

֪ʼֻʣʱ䡣
Ҳһ죬ھ޵ĳϫȻһӵѣȻ߳
ԶһĻʱɫʱ䵭


2011 ɱӺ
⣬һƬտƽ̹ĳء
˿̣ǳһͷƥԣնȼա
һӰڻ֮ϣһɫã֮ͽ
ϸһӰͷɢȾѪʹ鴤Ťɲѿ˺Ȼǳºޣ
ǸݷóϫѳϫСĵˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ϣɫ˸һа磬ݺݳڳºϣ۵ҳ鴤ѼͣҲǽסӺзһƺߣҰ޵ĴϢĿġ
ټǻϵգֱѳºĥƤʹൽ˼¡
ϫ߳һ۾ͿһĻסɫ䵭
Լʱܾ֮ºȴ֮ͨϣ׵̷֮һ˭ģ
ϫĿŲƣͿͨһУһȺӰһɫǰǹ¡
ɫӨɫ٣ʥ˿һ°Ӱϡ
һϮɻĽۣɫ磬¶һаĿݡ
˫УӨףţճһĨĻȡɫУƲȴһļµơ
˺ܲӵܣ
ע⵽ϷӣϫУƾϢжϳԷʵǿ󣬱Լɱǿ߶Ҫʤһ
Ȼºޱڴ̷ϷָʹѡطԳº̣ȴƫƫѡԼĶǰⲻԶԾǸԼģ
ɱӺ
ҫ
ϫɫ䵭ܶԷʲôĿģ߲֮ơ
ৣ
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һΣº޲ٳĬŭĿǽϷӣһҰް
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ϫԣǽϷӵݣº˵ǿУĴڣսԶȺѹͬˡ
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ɱ㣿̫ͽˣ
ԭɫеĳվ˫ָ˵ºޣ㲻ϣҲ޷㹴ˣʵͽҼɱ㣬Ҳû˭᲻Ӧˡ
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Щ˺ȻӦŵ׷׽Ҫɱ˳ºޣЧȡ
ʱϫɫѱõĮʱĻῴºԼǣۣ䵽ز
ȻΪºްǰݷԼǽºͽ
֮ԼǰԳºʩ̣ĿȻңɱӺļ
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ٺ١
ɭһЦǹ֣Ӱһͨǰ޴Ľƣº޵Ӻݺ̤ȥ
̣һޱȵ裡
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Ӽˣǵûֹͣһźݺϫš
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һǱʱնһŵ飬֪ʵʵڳϫϣɺεȿµĺˡ
һĻԶĳһɫнԶ¶һĨϷʣһˡ
ǴΨһĿģͨԳº̣ȵóϫվֻҪϫվǾ͵˽ڳϫ֣ĻǱѩ֪Ҳû취
ž
ɻȳǸ̫磬һޱȵĶӴǱӲɳȥ
ڱѪݶ֪ٿţһĲҺľ
ͨһ׹䵹أǺͷҲ̶á
Ҳһλڣ񣬷ǵûһ߷ɳϫϫһƸɳȥ֪ϫһƣε֮
һӣһͫЩǿӾֵ˲
ǷӦͼϫ俪ڵվûȴҹҪҶ֣ɱҵ˼ȻˣҲȲ㣡
ৣ
𣬳ϫӰѳǿӳȥ
ˣƴǶסݺݳ鴤һ£æȵ
һΣϫͬˣһ̧֮ޣݺǿӡ
ղţҪֹԷԷȴȻᣬϫһĿܻԷˡ
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¡
ӸҪܣĻüֻ֮ӲɽһɲǣֻһȻĪĿֲݺײ˫˲ѣʯݺڵϣҳһĿĵĴӣ
ĿȫǣԡѪŰ۳׻ʹȥ
һĻЩһĿѣɫѿ

ĴУڶˣӰһĨâٿȻʱգϫɱ


2012 Ļ
ɱӰȣٿȻڳϫǰ
ˡ
ָһâƲۣȴ̶ХͷųһļµĿɲ
Ϊǿǿλ֮һΪͻΪ̣սӹɵǿ
󣬵ƾǰһ綼Ĳâ
Ҫˡ
ԶĵطƾӰһ£㣬͸һɸɾӡȻϢ
һһŮӣһϮȹѣü絶촽ޣһƥϾǱ°֮⡣
ѰнһжУ˿̿ƺȻʱԭƽϣԶ¶һ˿ڴ
һϳһһŮȻǺΪĳµԪͳˮ

ƽţһ
ԳƵıɱϫҲٿȻתȻơ
ȻϵǣһȻûһ˿赲˼ûȥܡ
ɫĮȻһԺйžȻΣѾٰ㡣
ţ
ȻһУɱ֣ɾҪͷͬϵٿȻֹơ
һâָ˿Ѿϫʺ磬£ֻҪԸ⣬ɱϫ
ûж
ȫ˶Ȼһͷˮ㲻״
ô֣
ɫ䣬ӶųϫС
ô֣
ϫʣɫɡ
ƳĬƬ̣ΪҲɱ㣿
ϫȻЦЦַԷǵʺָ⣬ȥһĨưȻȻ˵㲻ң𣿡
ɫһɱƣѰ಻סҪ֡
ɳϫȴȻ㣬ÿһۣתǰºһɫ顭
Уһֱ俴ţüζ嶯Ҫûɱ˳ϫգȴûô
´Ҫ鷳ֱұԣͬҪЮĺ޳ܡ
ϫ³º֮ת˿ƣҡͷ̾Ϣȥ
һӣɫ粻Ŀųϫһﲻ
ֱϫӰʧڶڣкâӿ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ƴ磬ΪʲôҪ
Щ˳Ĳʣ޷ƵһѵĻᣬΪʲôҪֹأ
ǲ
ƺȻ̾˿Щ꣬䷵ɫУٿȻڿնȥ
⡭
ЩðνԶȻʵ˼ԵĿתȥ

ӵǵʮ㣬ԶƲʱ
ԶطһϮµĳµԪЦֻǿϧûʶӵ͡
ʲôǣҿ֪ƵĶ֣ʶưˡ
һĳˮΪȻЩɺ˵ˣһѣֵʦڡ
ˮˣ˿ɽ״ӣܹѩλͨһǰɲ˭ܰ쵽ġ
µԪ˼˵ҲΪȷһӲˣս죬ǳϵļ̳Ҳûϣ
߰ɣҪĻǿɵǰ׼˵˴οвͬǰ񡭡ˣϴδʱҲûô
Уˮתȥ
ˣµԪЦЦҲ֮ȥ

ºأһЩƤ֮ˣδ˼ֻһЩӱԳ׻ָ
óϫһ
ղΪβ֣
ºʵҲܺղųϫı֡
ûҪ
ϫڴһ䡣
ûҪ
ºȻ˺ܶ𰸣ȴûµһ𰸡
ǳǰ޷ΪҵĵϸѣܻԸˡ
ϫĵ
ǡͲĸղųºˣ
º̲ס
ҡ
ϫ˵⣬̫Ǻȷǳļʼ֮ǰܵκ˺ˡ
Ϊʲô
º׷ʵ
Ļλʦֿɲưոˣһˣ͵ڸλʦһ쭵Ľڣ˵£˭ô
ϫĽһóº޻Ȼ
ºûжයƬִ̺뿪أУû˭ٺΪˡ
ϫԽͳתأº游ǰĳֵܣͬ㣬ǰЩǰݷóϫϫṩһЩҪϢóϫҲΪмѴע⣬պлᣬһúñˡ

óϫǣºȥûãʧյѩҲǷء
ǶǰЩǰݷеһЩʯϹŶþò飬ϫҲЩǣڷأǸ˲ѡ
ѩУԶûиϫ͸¶ЩӰݷЩϹŶݣϫΪơ
Сʦܣƣļ̳˶ԾУ㾡ܷſֽȥ򣬲κιǡ
ԾǣξһֱԵгοϫõúҲ֮ܳС
ϫԼͲλʦȥݷЩϹŶҲջ
Ҫǳհһ浣İһƼˣʲô鶼ɵó
ѩ
ĪǡҸĸ飬ǳһֲٰģ
ϫԺһʵ
䲻಻Զӡ
ѩĳϫ򣬵̫࣬һ˻žˣʱ㸸׻֮һС
ϫ˵ͷ

һ磬еܼĳˮ㣬ֱӾĲͬ򣬳̨ǰ۶
ǹϼ̨գʮɷΧΧ壬в֮ƣεΪ׳ۡ
ϫѩһִʱͿӰʮɷΧļ̨ϣ֮ڡ
һɫ¶ϣһﲻԵÿǰʥׯϡ
̨룬һɰɫȼգ֮ǰһΰӰ
ԶԶһЩӰֱһհ㣬âɣҫ۶Ŀ˲ұӡ
ȻЩӰȨһ߲
ǳյӰҲȻС
߰ɣȥϯ
ѩǰߴ·ֱһۣ֮ѰϯλͰ빡
ʱвӰУȻЩҲǰġ
ϫǵִʱв˶һ궯׷ѩм

еѡ
óϫҲпλʦֵ治ǸǵģĸĻУҲʢ
ѩкЩӰһһȻųϫһϯ
ϫ֣ʼղĿⶼڰдԼõЩɻѵҲ֪ԼҪ뵽һļ̳˾У


2013 ȫĿ
ء
ȳϫףһĺŽƴǲ֮µĹϼ̳ϴʮء
ǺŽԶŴׯࡢʥһʷʫ˵Ź϶Ի͵Ĺ
һʱ֮䣬£ϣ񣬳Ǽ̳Ĥݡ
ǹϵʽׯصķΧֺĳ棬õóϫҲ𺳡
ǳ֮ʽÿһδ֮Ӣ֮꣬У
ʱƣϫȴоΪǼ̳ģԶһЩѵһĹƶȣóϫٲκδ
Ͼ׶ڳԣϫվǸˣ޷ᵽе̡
ʦ֣ЩıͶУ
ϫʵ

Զ̳ȴǷɿ촫Сʦܣ˽һЩйػ飿
Ըꡣ
ϫģԣȤ
Բض׸Զǻ翪ʱo
еҲ֪޲ԣĽ͵ЩoѪĲͬҲǻΪ˲ͬȺ֮һ
ĸУСĲͬһ£ϵȲеȲʮµȲ峬һ֮
УµȲķֲΪӣȺӾڲͬλУǧֻʮˣѾ廮֡
еȲʮÿһԶռһλ棬ĿԶ֮壬еȲеһʽ΢ǰۼ޷ʮ࿹⡣
ϵȲ壬лһΪӴģÿһռݵλϣʢǿ֣˲żüãŵ˵ÿһϵȲȻ֮弫ԲһЩҲԲˡ
⣬ϫҲڶ⻤һһ֪סо̾ѡ
Ǵ˴ǰ֮ɽµĻĸУ޷Ͼ˶ֲһֱš
ϵȲ壬еȡµȲ壬ȻڲݣɱϾͬڻһڶԿʱӳǳǿ弫ɵѡ
мˣĸ֮ɽҲɻһֱţϹһֱ޷͸
ϫͷԭˡ
ʵһףһвԺɨϹˣӵȥط֮ɽҲֲԹﱻ˸Խ׳һ
⻤һϹĹϵΣ
ϫʵ
ѷǵС
룬ŵԣڼΪoȫмϹΪģҲ֮жԣΪУĸµһȵ޵ʥأǾĵطͶϹûκȤ
ϫüëȻֲԴ֮Щһ̸ֹ֮䣬һɸһ۸ڶģ
ҲǵͨµĳѪУҲĲӹɣȷǿһҲϣҲȻһֱռŻĸһֱӴ浽죬Ҳܹǵĵλ
˶٣֮ԸǿʱԽıȫˡ
ϫԣпһȣȷܣ츳̡ѪС֮ң޵߸޷֮Աˡ
еû˭ܱȵù壬֮¿ɾ˵ˣ㣬ʦ֣弫еĲٴˣɶȫѷɫڻ塣
˶٣мҪǣ絮֮ǿoû˭Ըһһĸ޲ˡ
ϫԴᣬһɲųͨϵģƺ⻤С
ɽ֮ˡŮ洹̫ϽԺԺԺԺǣĸͨϴڣ
ǿǿ󣬿һҲ޷ˣǳҲҲǵõĶ̫࣬һƣҪȥʵռ֮ͷϣԵüã
дַһĨϤĳŪ֮ɫ˽˵̫ϽеһҲڻϣڴˣڴˣԺ֮ɽΪΣһŹʲô𣿡
ϫ࣬û뵽߳ԵʦʱԼô࣬û뵽Уǻ徹Ϊ˿ŹĽɫ
ϫЦԷǵǣʦҲһλᡣ
ǼһҪ׷Ѱĵ;ⱲҲֻܴĸˡ
һҵģ
ϫһЦɽȻһԶУȴһԣǾرģӲЭ
̸ˣȻһϵ쳹أȫע⡣
λѽһʢὫĻ
ڵڼ̨ĳգ˫ָԣɫо֮ɫȫ
һΣҳ彫ӵΪУѡγһλ̳ˣִȨ
֪Ϣɵ׿ʱҲȫһ궯
˷׷¶һĨ˷ܣ۲ѣΪȻѡμ̳ˣⲻ˻һǶԴ˿ڴѾá
ЩҲ¶ע֮ɫԴӵ޹ʶȥѡת֮峤֮λһֱţٳԾһλ
Ҳˣӳ뿪󣬳ҲܴӰ죬統ǰ߱ʢ֮ƣʼû
񣬳ϣҪѡγһλ̳ˣ峤֮λȻͬѰ
ڣ˴ξ£뿪̨
ճ
ܿ죬ʮɷΧĹϼ̨ϣ糱ˮ׷뿪ΨʮӰС
ϸһ£ʮˣһɫԶڣΪϣ
ǸϹУ˵弫֮⣬ĸܹӵʮλȲε
Ҳһ
ɴ˱֪ΪһеȲ壬ĵҲǵܹ
˿̣յĹϼ̳ϣʮλǿ˲ΪȫĿĽ㡣
µԪˮλĿҲȻվС
⣬˴μ̳˾УһλǳԨԴĵҲС
ʱջһתĿǻȻڳϫߣϫ׼׵
ৣ
һӣȫĿⶼŲƹ۽ڳϫϣҲʱ΢



2014 ֮
ڳδʱϫվ
ܹܵԼĿоȡвмгŪϷʡкɡ
һУ޷ҡϫģɫѩλʦֹ˹֣̤գԶ֮µļ̳ⲽȥ
ԣϫһǰУȫĿҲ֮ƶ·ÿ˶ҪһϫǸһˣ˭ôҲ뵽һ̳˾
Գϫԣһж·𲻴ڣ˿Уֻǹϵļ̳Լս
Ѿȴ̫ãΪ˸֪˶ټѪһΣԼʧܡ
ΪΨгɹܹĿ֮£̶ѨĳУȻԼĸĸ
ԣս
Ӯ

ǼһǳϫҲûʲôġ
ߣһϹС飬ͼȾָǳļ̳ֱǲ֪
Һܺ棬̫ϳΪҪӦһ˲ѵֻΪ˳ĺ᣿¿ɺһ˿ǳϵѪ
ǺǣɻһٲϾɽĴˣǲӣҲվøɽһӡ
ҿȡ裡
ҵǺܺ棬սжǿˣϾǰЩӣһƾӵ֮ĳɺܲͬѰ
Ȥ̫ˣҲ޳ɾ͸УԵǳ̫۸ˡ
ųϫӰһϼ̳Ҳ֮һ
Щ̬Գϫ䳰ȷų֮·һСѰ·㡣
ҲһС¶֮ɫǿϫܹܳսȻˡ
ģҲǳϫܹһ̳˾мֵʲôʱܡ
ڳϫܷʤǶȥ룬Ϊǿ˴μ̳˾УȻгµԪˮλ򣬳ϫѶȻûκȡʤϣ
֮ڴ˴γϫ뵽һ̳˾У˶һֺɡų⡢м̬ȣк棬ҲֻǺϫΪҪǰѰ衣
ڳг˵̬ȣǶԣϫȻɽվǸ˰ˣ
һ˾ҵǵ̳ⲻ
ЩıͶԣҲܺׯϣΪγջӦһ˲ˡ
ĪΪɽƣò
˵Ϊϫѱĳ֮ĸӹϵһУԵúܷѰζ
ԽԽǺ棬һоֵһ

ܿ죬ϫǹϼ̳ϣʮ̳˾ĳһࡣ
һĻȤһԱһȺˣμƻţʵ໥ţˮ֮ơ
ڼ̳ĳշ·ûпһĻϫִ㾶ֱ˴̳˾Ĺ
˴ξѡΪ֡
һ֣飬ÿһ齫ѡһ˵ֱ̨ͬһ˵ս˭̨ܹϼֵ󣬱ɽڶֶԾС
˵⣬һӡ
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ĵʮɷԲĹϼ̳ϣ̨
ÿһ̨ԶĻʯĥɣܲɬͷųɲսɱء
ɱĻԱ֤սನɢ磬ͬʱҲ֮ܵĸš
ʱĹڿ̨ȫסȻ
ѡˣ˵սǾǵڳսˣЩƽɣ
ϸԣǡޡ˭̨ܹϼص˭Ӯң
̨Ҳ͵һ־ѡУջᵮλʤߡ
򡭡ɵȷܲƽһ̨ģǳԿһ̨ģռˡ
۷׷ףٳ˶û뵽һμ̳˾ȡȶصĹˡ
գֶεǺСʦܵһ̨ɾҪ½ˣܹһȡʤ뵽ڶ־С
üЩ
ô޷þֶΣҲҪСʦְܳ߳ˣֶ䱰һЩҲ
ѩ
ֹǱӣֱ޳ܡ

ѩЦЦٶԣʵҲһ˿ŭֻʱȥŭҲ޼¡
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻмϣڳϫԼıˡ

ྲ
ȫ˵óղüͷһ壬ȣ㼤أ˲ȫһѻȸ
ҪΪǳ峤һж࣬ɨǧĸܣ̸ηڣ̸壿
ճȳ⣬Ȼȿ鶼ܲסԺص
һɫĻٳ˽ԶԲǰҪΪ峤ô׵ģ
ΨгϫЦһǿҵԤУ˵ĺʵѡȻԼ
ȻһУ֤˳ϫ뷨
ոûͨκιƽķʽֱӾͰѳϫʮ뾺ѡ֮˻Ϊ顣
ϫһУûгµԪˮеκһ
ڳٳΪ⣬ǲΪնԳϫչˣһֶԾУµԪеκһ̫ܵѿ
ΨϫͲʲôչˣбȻʲôˣ
ϸεķͻ֣ᷢµԪˮҲͬһС
֮ϫµԪˮˣǱԷ˲ͬС
ڣһĳ󡢵ڶĳ䡢ĳ¾ĳϫУ
ճ˽ȵ̨ͬһ˵սʧֱӱ̭ʤ߿̨ϣսֱÿһ˶̨ս֮󣬵һ־ѡ㼴
Ȼ
ϫЦ֪ԼȻᱻһѡˡ
һֹ̣ǳϫȫ˶һ㣬ЩˣסЦЦϷʲѣڿһЦ㡣
кѩһۣԶĬȻ˭Ҳ˿оһЩʲô
ৣৣৣ
յˣȳ̨ͬϡ
ˣϫҲٳɣмΪĳȱӵļȴҲòѡӦˡ
ৣ
ӰһϫҲ˵̨֮ϡ
УĿһɨʱͿԶĳµԪˮƵĿҲ׷׳Լ
Ʋڴʱȥս̨ϵĶ֣һɴݲȣյģ
ˣϫһʱµһֿܣǳ˰ţòҪô˻ᣬóµԪԹԼսԼĵϸ


2015 °
϶ˣ
ϫɲǼжϡ
Լһ־ѡʧˣôһжض˵
Լһ־ѡʤˣôУµԪ˱ȻͨһսԼսһжϡ
һ˵ڶ־ѡʱٶԼʱǱȡרԼս
ϫµǳµԪˮˣȻڵһֶԾеһǳһȫԱȥӦԵڶ־ѡ

ʵҲϫƲǰ㣬ݹһ־ѡľƣѷ֣ϫٵգ·֡
һΪһ̨ѡ֣ϫλͬǿߵս;ûκָʱ䣡
Ҳ͸սɡ
룬ܹ뵽һѡеģһǳеĽܳһΪϣ
½ȥԿλսߣһЩԣѾˡ
ɴҲ֪һֶԾѶȺ֮
ڶһ˵³ϫܹ½λֵսɱؽ¶ƣµԪˮƸһһС
ҲζţڶֶԾʱϫĴֻò
ǵһ㣬ǵڶ㣬ܹԳϫǼΪģ˵ڶԾûпʼʱϫĴѱòֹۡ
⣬ȻǳյĿģΪľǳ׻ϫ̭֡
ԳµԪˮƶԣռ̫ơ
һǲǸеһ̨ģҲζţȫΪͳһһ̨սߣֻһ֣˳ڶֶԾС
һǲֹǱʵҿԼ޶ȵرⱩ¶ĵơ
ڳϫռ˺ܴˡ
ڶ˱սӹɵǿڳμλ£ϫ½ڶֶԾУҪ˵в
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ν֪֪ˣս
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뾺ĳˣǷװԼԳȫµԪˣ
Ȼǿ϶ģڵһֶԾУϫͱ̭Ϊ˶ԸϫǱȻµԪ·
ǳյĲ֣һ򵥵̳˾Ӳ֮㣬һרԳϫж
ϫܹһ㣬ȻҲԿЩ˶ԣİţֻǸϫκͬ顣
ѩвһʱ޷ȥıʲôϾǳĵ̣ҲȥƻԷĹˡ
ôһŭˡ
Щˡ
һЩͰüѣ󣬳վĿŵһɽĴˡ
ҿǳ̫ˡ
Ҳ˲ΪȻԳյܲ⣬ΪֻǶԸϫѣذ˶ֶΣδ̫Сʧ˷ȡ
ΣԾѾʼ˭Ҳȥıʲô

ڶԾʼ֮ǰҲòѶһ䣬̨еսֻҪɱԷʩչֶΣ
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̫ϳϣܷܲ˶ԷΪ
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ȻǶѲµԳϫȥģ
Ͼ˴ξĳ˳ϫ֮⣬ʮȫǳˣԼ֮ɾԲ˺ˡ
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һɲϫһĺҲУһĨײ
ЩˣûԼ
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ϫõĲһȫΪŭ⣬õɫĮȻ
˵ˣֻҪɱԷͿԡ
ճĬƬ̣³仰Դƽ
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ʻ֮˸ƳޣɫܶһϮۣ˫磬һ˵ĿŲ֮⡣
һָ̨ϵĳϫϫս㣡
˵ţһ̤һʱգһӰѾ̨֮ϣͳϫңңţһһһһʣ޲Եÿ֮һ
һʱ֮䣬ȫĿ⼸۹ȥ˳ϫϡ
µԪˮҲ⡣
°꣬û뵽ǵһȥսǳϫģЩСˡ
˭˵أ°ǧǰ磬ս뺷ͣǺϫ˵׼ᱻΪ
ǺǣһǳϫԸ䣬ҲԲ÷ϵΪˣϾ³ɾ̫ˡ
𣬼һߵزóϫ
Цǣһ̨̣ϣҲѼʼչԾɾǺȥע
ȻΪϫĳ֣Ѿһ̳˾ζ˱仯
һУʼԳϫ

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ɲˣ̨սԼ°꣬ǸղųﻰҪϵԼΪǼһ
ϫ̨зսǸ治ãһҰˣǧɽޱӣĻǻ˿ġ
°ЦɫԴ޼ɵ·УӵΪĳϫٲȻһֻֻܱŪϰ㡣
лѣֻҪûܹԤǾٺòˡ
ϫȻ
ƽȴ֮⣬ó°ȻһЦһӿȻɫԡ
һɲǣ绯һΡޱȵɽưɺ
ɣСһҿѾȲļˣ
У°˫һչܻһɫ޽ܷܲ򣬻ͻͳʢɱӡ
¡
Ȼ飬Ƴزסһɫ޽ƣȷ̫ɲһλڹ͵쾡¡
ȻмΪмϫΪһս鼫ḻĶǿߣ°겢δСϫһ֣ɱ֮У˫
һ˲䣬־ȫһȲյһڳϴҲף֪°ûнУѾ㹻ˡ
Ͼ°ΪսţֻҪûԴ⣬סƣܶˡ
ˣ
°ֵĿ֮ɳϫǿƣԵڳ°ճһɲǣϫҲˡ
ڰƵĽȻڳϫУһ̣ϫӰƾʧԭء
ৣ
ͬʱһĨ翡Ȼ赭дѰѰĽٿȻӿ֡
һĨۣ֮ʼոûκζ˺׾ͺԵĴڡ
Ȼһ֣һεȻչ̨ϵϢܵԵѹƣһһļžС
°Ĵˣǿƥɫ޽ĺХҲƱᡣ
ʱգҵȻֹγһֵľӳ˴Ŀľ


2016 ɱ
ţ
°ȻһҰУ޷ϫټƾһ㡣
ͻһĻ͵һ
ã
°Ϊ֮Ӵ󣬿ȴֵӰ޷β衣
룬ʶأһ޴ɫâȻֽ⣬ΪϸСţëĽ꣬˷ϯȥ̨֡
ԶԶȥһƬλõɫٿȻÿһζɲĽۡ
ȫλ£ԽϫӰȳˣ
°ôġ
ȻʼϲǣһɲһĨ翣ᵭ̣ѰѰĽƾո֡
ۣ֮ɾһֻףʱ̨ϵһܵѹƣʱաߡȫһ綳״̬С
ɫ꣬ҲͷųκƣٿȻ̣һ
һĻ֮飬֮죬֮ˣ
°ֻһĺӿͷõÿһ缡ڣ׹߰㣬ᵽһļΣϢ
ÿ£
°ϵĿˣһ˷âˣһǰδеϢС

ôֻһϹǰС飬ΪŲΪˣʩչ˿ֲĹ
һǻþ
°źŭӣԭĿ֮£һٴݿϫ̤ϫþһֶĥϫȻ󳹵׷ϵϫΪ
뵽һսѣᷢȾ䣿
°޷ܣĽʵѪoϣ޷һС
䣡
ͷӣһжǧ֮һɲǶѣһ̣ޱȵΣ°곹ͷųԼȫܡ
ȼգ񱻼ŭԶѪе֮Ϊҵɫâɢ⣬ֱʮء
һɲ°ƾһ࣡
ò˵ΪǿܳһȺǿ֮һӵΪĳ°ȷѰɱȣֹǵ̻սҲԶͬ
̶һɲǼ䣬ֱӣȷķ
һصɫͼӳ֣˳°ǰ
ͼ㣬ŤĵƷĿĺ
ȻȻǳ°ѹ׵ֶΣǴ˿ټΣֻҲ׶ˡ
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û뵽ԼѹֶΣɵסԷһôܣ
Ϊʲô
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°ʶݺն飬ʧȥκθ֪

һ˵ʵԶڵʯ֮ɣսʼϫƾʧһ赭дĽٵ°չʩչһɫͼڡһϵжò˼顣
ڳ֮ʵģȥһУӦ
ɶЩΪ֮ϵǿ߶ԣղŷһĻĻֱǾĶǡ֡
˭Ҳû뵽һսԭǼĳ°꣬ȴܵһĨľѹ
û뵽ϫʩչһĨ̺֮ɲ
Ƕȥ˼ͿһԾѽ
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üĴһѪʣʺѪ򾪿ֶ԰͸ӣԵ쳣ˡ
ϣ
һƽڳ°棬ϫӰ֣ԣںŨܵĳɫһԾ֮ǰǰĮȻδйһ˿ı仯
У֪ʱѱΨһƽŲ̋Ʈ
ĿһĻȫѻȸÿдͣȻоо¡š
һ̣Ƭؼ䣬ǳĳţΪղŷһ̫죬õ˾þ޷ع
䣡
Ƭ̺󣬳°ǿȻڵϣʬһһ
ʣһźţԭŵķΧȻƣȫ
ˣ°ȻˣܣԲܣ
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һӣȫһȻʶĴ֮أһϣѵͷɣ
Ժܹ޸ҲżӰ졣οܹ޸ʶķţǿ٣
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ֱɱ˳°껹ֱﲻˡ
һЩߣ׷״ָϫԴޱȡ
յѣƶ׿˵ֻҪɱ֣ʩչֶΣСʦȡʤȴҪָĪ浱ɽˣ
ȻѩɫĮ俪ڣȴһװ㣬¡ÿͷõȫȻʱʧ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬һϢŭһЩѣ⣬ĳԲһеһ־
˵ţɫ䣬ϳϷԸ̧ҪԾ
ϳɫһ粻շȻ°뿪̨
ʼգϫɫʼնδκα仯ԷҪΪԲԴС
ǸԷһͷ
˭Ҫǰսĳ̨һս
ϫתĿȻͬΪˣƽȻȴһ˵
һֱ̫ˣ
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ϫڻصɾһʱӦõóһʱЩơ
еĿⶼŲƣǺͳϫͬڵˡ


2017 ǿ
ڵһֶԾ֮ǰϫһ𱻻ֵ˵顣
ϫǵеһ̨ģҪڶֶԾͱ½ˡ
񣬳°Ѿܣʣˡ
һгӵ۷εΪ£ʾһͻƲĳǹ㣬Էâ¶֮С
һгһ뷢԰׵꣬ռӤϸӨ󣬻©Ϊȡ
Ȼ˿̣ϫսɫԶ¶һĨԥ
ղų°̫ܵ죬³ļ£˶嵽䲻η壬ɶԳϫչֳĿɲսҲһ˿ɵ֮ġ
ս
кȻһź
ս
ս
֮ȫҲŴ󺰣ǿ޷ܣԼ֮ͬηսˡ

գ͵һĨٿȻվڿշ̨
ˣг˽Զźɫ±
֮ǰĳ°꣬ΪҪһЩҪǣӵżɫս飬ԼƳսš
վսϫֻҪСĽһЩȫϣȡӮ档
г˵뷨ǿղųϫܳ°ֶ产ֻ֮Ҫֵܹסؽᱻѹơ
˳°սܵӣų϶ٷͬĴ
Ͼֻһߣ̤֮۳ϫվֻһ
ֻҪսʼʱ򣬾ͽԷѹסһսȻȡʤ
Ȼֻǳ˵Ŀ
Щԭź̬ȥĦһֶԾĹͶԣ̬ڱ
֮ǰϫչֳս̫ޣЩԻһǿҲ˶Ա֮ġ

ղţǿɿһЩʲô
µԪ˼һϮ£㣬һֹԭʼϢԵüر
ղһз̫죬ѿʲô߳
һĳˮüȹ𣬽ףһʢŵĻƥ
۽ϢӵнؾΪЩ˼飬һɽˣóĲӦǷ𣿡
һĳૣЩ⡣
˷ֱ𱻻ڲͬУѴĬھȥս֣ǳôʱڹĦоϫսͼϫĵƺս
߽Զʧǣղų°̫ܵ죬ҲʼϲûܿмֵĶ
ҲΪϫղűֵ̫ޣõ֮࣬ҲǴ֪˳ϫĿɲ֮Ϊֵô򵥡
ڶԾϾҪʼˣһΣǶҪϸˣҪһĵƾʲô
µԪ
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ˮͳƵͷ

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˫ĸꪣ
һԵе鱦ƴݿ࣬ﲻƣУʹߵսƽƣ
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һ̣ٶԣӶһԻƽʱգϫ߱ɱ
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¡
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һ̣ȫ˶ס۾ϢҪһһγϫζԿ
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۾һʹٿһУһ̫ʢԻͣ޷ӡ
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д˱֪ǵڶԾɸһսʱĶ֮󣬺ֲ֮
Ȼ˳°ǰ֮καڿʼʱѶǿֶΡ
䣡
һɲǣһ춯صײ쳹ֱݺݶײһذ
ҺǷ̨УǸ磬νĿֱֲ
ЩܵǣһУȻһĨ״ݿ壡
ȻǸˣһ׵ĻӳҰС
һĨݻ֮󣬳ϫֳָֽӲһԽӲӵ˫ĸǹϣ
˶㲻Լ۾ǵȵе鱦֪ж£ɴʱͭ㣬ϫһնˣ
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أ
˷ӦͿϫһţһӲƿͬұ۶նϣ

ѪӳǱƿкԵ쳣Ѫˡ

ҽУ޷ʹ࣬޷ţԼȻҲһ֮б㱻ϫ塣
ĲҽУһĨȵĲʺȻôܣ
ôܣ
صһһ̣˾ɳ㣬ϫһźݺ߷ɳȥݺ棬ԴֱðǣǰһڣҲʱ˹ȥ
ȫ𺳣һĳţг˶۾޷һС
°걻ɱˣ񣬾ȻҲһ֮ھͱ塭˭ܽܵˣ



2018 Ĺ
ȫԣһƬ
ûܹ뵽ǿһ񱦣ᱻϫһնϣ١
ͬҲû뵽ûֵܵסϫһƿţұ۶ѣʹȥ
һжԵѪȡ𺳣˶Լ۾
ô
°걻һɱҲ޷ӹ˶ˣϫһӵΪoܹ쵽һҲɹؼͲoΪֻˮ׼Ͳò˷˼ˣ
ʵΣ̸ͺΪγϫܹϮ쵽һ
ӶԾʼһжת˲ɣ־ǵֵסһ
̫ˡ


ɫѱŭ£һγ°ĲҰֻܻżȻڶγĲҰܣɾûκνҵĳɷ֣
һҲóȷԼһʼƺ͵͹ǸϫһΪֱǸ壬˲ԾͺˣΪʵܴһ˵ս
ãֻǵһ־ǰԾһμ̳˾֮ǰ׼֣ʶǰʧʧ
һ̳ԼЩңԼ簲µ֣Ӷڱͻıʴһֲ

ܣԲܡ
ǼһֻΪսǿ۷εĳ󶼲һ֮У⡭ֱûˡ
ɶʵǿɶ񣡡
ѵˣһɽ״ӣ̤壬Ⱦָ̳Ȼб֮ǰɶСһ
һڳ˻Ȼз߿оţа̾һ㡣
ΣͨԾõҲףϫΪ䲻ߣս֮ǿȴ޷ó

˸񣬿죡
ɽˣȻ鴫
Ŵ֮ת֮ĳɽɽϼ̳֮λͼıɲС
ҪȻ丸ϴ̳ϵ
ϯϣһԻһı͵ۣԳϫչֳսԶһִ۽֮С
ͬʱҲڴ⣬ϫȻбȻͼıˡ

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գ
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ټյĺͼֻ֮ȽɰѩжЩԲ׼ĳϫǿʲô̶ȡ
ϾǶӵֶͨΣɱϾǼԪӦߣûϫǰ㣬ٳоŵ򾳱ԴͼֻصҲδԸ֪
£ԺѾжϳĳϫյսﵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
һУҲζţĳϫΪɲǣڵ;ϣѾһǰδУһ޶ͨ

ǿ
µԪĬãŻ𾪣̨ϵһӰ³֡
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µԪڣһӿĹ󣬡ʱ򣬲ֵǳ֣

ܿ죬еĳŲƳֻ̨ʣ³ϫһȻɫʼճĮȻ
ˣͬһˣ˿ĿȴȻ˱仯мɵоɣзߺޡ
Ȼһ̬ԵúܲƣȴѾû˸տʼֲмӡ
ȻͨԾϫѾʵ֤ԼӵغݺݴѹЩ˵棬õٲҹۿ˵͡
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ϫٿȻڣԨԶĳ
뷢԰ףɫӨӤҲǿ֮һɴݳȵǡ
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ȻЩ˶ԣԲϣϫټǿȥ෴ϣĵֹ̨ܹһУɱһУŤתǬ
ȻΪԳϫչֳսĸĹۣһ˭ҲҶһĶԾԶۡ

ϫսɫ˵ͷֹ̧̨ݣԵúܲѰ
ǲĳƣڳٳ˵ľҲܵӰ죬ƽ
ĿһĻղ۾һԳѣԭУҲȼһĨ
ȷ˲ãɣȳȺΪǶ˲٣һȴʵޱȣҶ岻ѡ
ųϢµԪҲǲп۵㣬Ҳ˳ˮͳƵһͬ
һǺܲ
кصһ䡣
ûиоһ˵Ӱӡ
ѩ˼
˭
Ȼ͵һĨ󣬡˵ĳֲãҸղŸоչֵЩϤ߳·
ǰ·Ҳ޿ɺǣֻźǣÿ˵·һʱһζ׷˵·ʧҡ
ѩпһ
˽̸֮ʣǳѵ̨Ŀξˮƽ˳ϫ
㸸ףұ羴һλǰУ޿֮ߣǳˣȴĪϵֻϣ㲻̫ʧˡ


2019 Ѱһ
ƽˮͱ֮
նУȴüͷһ壬ͬͽ㱻Ѻɳȴ˵һҲһ
Ľһˣ
޿

ǰھƣѺȳˡ
ֹǳգ˻Ҳ΢΢һ㵣Щ޷⣬˳Ľһˡ
ҲĽǰĳתޣΪ˵ĳһŶˡ
ϫҲôģԲδеκһ˿ĽΪĸףΪͽǵǸ
ְɡ
ϫңңָһ֮ٿȻӳϫ
еˡ
䣬ͬһĴ磬ͨâȻλãҫۡ
䣡
δ֣ɱ˴ͷųϢȴƷ籩Ȼײһ𣬽ʱ飬޹⣬ġ
һɲǣϫ磬绯еۻʣӵи֮
棬ͬһ䣬ѩ̫ŴԨɲ⡣
ңңţֱλƣ
ǿ
۷彣Ľ棬ע˫
˭뵽ǳϫƾΪȻԺһλڽ϶Կ
սʵЩ͸ˡ
Ŀ̨һĻжʱһ궯𣬽ԶЩչ¶ơ
ؾܲڽϣѷһ
΢УһĨâ
ҲΪֲ㣬ռݲơ
ϫȻž
ƺż֣˵˶ھ۲ԷѰѵĶʱ
տƽȴһɷ֮ƣڳûɸеһţ֮䣬һϢĴ
ͺ̨ϵһУѣһؽ췭ظ֮ƣ
ȫž˵񶼱ȥϢ񣬽ע̨ϵһУΨִκһ˿ϸڡ
һжʤΣ
ȻڣҪһзֳɰܣ
˶ݣΪҪͬķʽܳϫΪ°ꡢ˱ѩޡ
ΨֻһСΪ֮ͨһЩߣһ۲죬δҵϫһ˿ʶŻȽ飬Ҫ书һۡ
ɣðգȴҲΪǣֻҪ֣סϫĲ׽̭֣
ܹ쵽
޷϶ȴкܴϣ
ϾһӵнѷϫһĽΪһ޷״ܳϫֻҪռһ˿ƣӮһԾ
һͬԳϫãֻҪܹһ֮ռƣͬӮһԾ
֮鿴ƶԳԲռϫʲôˡ
Щ͸˶ԣ£ʶΪϫȻҴӦˡ
ϾһģΪĳϫɿеӦ
ɳϵһĻˣڳĻûãϫƽͷҲġ
ȫ죬ΪϫӮ̬ѽ֮ܲס
Ҳ˵ǿʼЩϫĵˣ뻻ǣȻãȻðȻӦˡ
ã
¶һĨЦ⣬ͳ
ɫһ࣬󲿷ԭزȴһ̳ǻ֮
˶ǲۻˣΪ⶯ȷӶֱ̫࣬һֻţһƶ㡣
ˡ
ƶȴԽԽ߿ֱ糱ǵأ֮䡣
ֻĤ𵴣Ѫһ󷭹ƾ֮У񶼽ס
ͨͨ
ǽǻͻףڤƴɲ˼£һЩΪԲĳܲס壬˫ϥһʱͻ˹ȥ
˻һȴƾ֮Ͳ˿ɲƣֱǾأ񣬳
һ£ҲûٸСһΪ仺ȴǧϻУ
Ϊ֣ϫҲУͻָ
ৣ
ϢأڹӵĽҲӳһˮƽѰǰȥ
죬죬һ˿̻ϢȻȻ·һӦˣ񻨿䣬ˮˮ䡢³һжȻеɡ
ȻȻһȻѰɼ̸϶ྪ춯أҲ̸϶ྪףôֱ׶򵥡
ȥһͯľϡѰ֮
һĻͬȻʲô
豹һ
ԣһȻûС桱
ɶ컯һ
ԣһûСɡԣޡ컯֮ζС
ѵֻѰѰһ
˲ɻѣΪϫѱĽ㣬ңʶŻʩչ׾ӿЦһ
ЩΪ֮ͨԣϫ̳һʱĿԶһ
һܲѰ
Ϊ̫Ѱ̫ƽҲ̫ͨԷԵ̫Ѱ̫ƽ̫ͨˡ
һֺڹ͵Ľƣ֮ȻȻƾ桢ľ档
ȻҲע⵽˳ϫһġءƤײ͵һ
䣡
һɲǣ̳һϣȻâʢŵ̻ȼյϼξ貵˼£Ҳʢ˼£ǳ޹⣬ﶼȻʧɫ
ϣҲҲһޡĿĴڡ
ʢ

á
һƣ˲䱻ȡɫôͣԨһʧǣܵģ
ã
дޣϹŶҲײѣһˣᾡǦ
ڴˣϫδţɫɳ̳ȥһѰѰƽˮȻȻûΪԷƵı仯κһ˿ı仯
һ
ҽһա
һ̣ǳ̳һǳϫ̳һѿҪ˼Ҫȫ̳
չֳĳȴȫͬΪһ̣ϫѰȻͿѻһѾʢ󡢹õһͷųĹû
һ֮飬֮ڸǣȻû˴ڵļֵ
˿ܣΪϫǭ¿һ֮Լбɣ
Ȼ
һ̣üͷȴ壬Լܵһ˿˵Ĳ̤ʵ
̫ƽˣҲ̫ݣִ̳һҲͬˣƽ˽סȥɣ⾿ǲǶϷ
϶ǶϷ
ϫڽϵΪ֮ߣУҲ
Լ֮ԱȣѷһΪԶԶԼʩչĽĿܻǶϷ
б
ٴһ̳һƾ̶һɲǼٴһ䣡
ʢâĹƮɢõĽٿȻŶҰ
һУ緱価ƻɺ


2020 
ˮȻš
̳һҲʢ󡢹Ȼľ󣬷ùӡԭʼȻ
ͺϴǦ棬ƾɲ
˾֮̾ǰǶΪѾӮɣ˭Ҳû뵽Ľȹؼʱ̣Ȼһ䣬ǿ
ѵҪһһ֮䳹״ݿϫ
Щܡڴ
۳ϫѰѰһƽˮѶζȻûһ˿
ӱ䣡
˶סֻԺлϫʱģ
ڣߴ̳һĿ֮ײһ𣬿ǣײûвκһ˿
ž
صļž
ȫͬĽԭӦˮݣģɱҲؽס
񣬾ûһ˿
ô£
ȫȻ
ΨѩСȵڣԼһЩΪ֮ƿʲôߣǵɫһɲǽԶݡ
Σ
ϣ
Ϊ̫ǿ̫޷κξ֣޷κȥڹ͡
һν쾡µһ㣡
˲ףһУֻΪû侳ʶ޷ᵽһĿɲ
Ժŵ˵һ̻һЩǿ̨߽ȻܵηɣɥС
Ϊ̨ϵѳײ˼£һ籩ۣ֮ƽκֻҪУ˲ͻһУһжʧȥƽ⣡
㽣棬ԿǾ
˸п겻ѡ
ֻǲ֪վ˭˭Ӯ
ҲеȴһĻ

ϣϣ
Ƭ̺ԭŵ棬ǲԼͬ𣬷֮״һɾԵļž
ٿ̨ʱֻӰȻѩ뷢ɫһݣΨͷһ˿˿ա
ڶ棬ϫͬӰΣԣݳĮȻֻüһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
˳ֽԶĬ
һĻȫȻ㲻ţһ֮Լо˭Ӯ˭䣿
òǴ˸ƽɫƾаɣ
һʱ֮䣬лȻ𣬷׷۲ѣԶЩ޷ľ档
Ͼղųϫչֳƣʵ̫ϡѰ˶Ϊɣ˭룬󣬾һ൱ľ棿
ЩɣǳǲǹˮˣᷢһĻ
쿴ǼһֽѪˣ
Ȼע⵽һƼ䲻۵Ѫӳϫֻڴ£סϲг
һʯǧˣһ̣Ҳ׷׿һĻҲ˷
ȻȻһˣ
һ֮Լϸ΢һ˿ƣҲжˣ
һΪһ쵽޷赲ĵز˭룬ҲˣһֶԾûֵ󡣡
Ҿ˵ƾΪĿƷһֻΪļһ
ϧˣһ֮ԼټսȥĻ϶ܰСӵΪҲˣ
Ȼ죬г˶ڻ
֮ǰΪ°ꡢĲҰܣбһίڿйܲüˡ
ɳȴһҲ˲üͷɫҲԽԽڼŭ⡣
ֹһЩϴ˿ҲĬü両ֵľ
ϧǣ˿ЩԿϲǼע⵽һĻ
ѾȲָ̨ϵĳϫȣСӣϽѵ䲻𣿡
ǣٹ


ţȫҲ壬ԳϫͳŪ
óնͷ͵͹ǶܿƵس鴤һ£ڣڴʱ̨һֱĬĳȻ̾Ϣ񽣣ˡ
һ仰ԭֵնʱһͣˣôܣ
ǵɴ۾Լ䣬һȺͷƵģֱ
գ±üž˶ɲ⾿ô£
ڹС𣿡
ŭе
ڴˣδţɫЩįЩɺתһ˳̨ȥ
ÿһ˻һɽޱȣȫ˵ûһ
ۣ
Ӱ̨Եʱ͵죬̲סһѪɫһɲǱòҰޱȣҡҡ׹
Ȼ
˶Ļ뵽ˣܵ˼ΪɲˣȳѪ
Ӱʧ̨ʱЩأûܷӦһж̫˼ķ롣
ǸûǼȥӮˡ
Ҳڴʱϫ𽣹Ŀ⵭ȻɨһȫˣԴƽͱˡ
Щ˶Уȴһİƣһʹ
ղǻšϲšóϫ̨ʵȴ˳ϣϫû䣬ȴѪȻ˳õ
ۣ
̫ˣ
ģκηϻʵĶ⣬ľЩ۵Ķ
Ҳڴʱѩ¶һĨЦ⣬ܻظ̾
һЩҲʶ븧ƣΪϫıޡǾʶʱǳԱ־ٶЩס
һĻǱյһڳ˲סһŭо涼ˡ
Ծϫȡʤ
ٹ˲ҴͬʱϫҲǵΨһһڶ־ѡ֡
£ȴûΪϫأţг˵ɫһƬ
ڴˣϫҲȻ⣬˵Թ̨
ʱ̨ϣҲڷԾǿɲϫһѸ١
սУսپĵ䷶
ϫע⵽һ̳µԪˮ˻ûл̨սֻܸɵš
óϫЦȻһ˼޷Ϊϵ󣬳ÿеʱȥۿԼĶԾͼѰԼ͵ơ
ϧ޷쵽һ
ΪϫӵһԾʼʱѴ⣬һиɰܵĶ֣;ԲõڶУĿľΪ˲óµԪԸԳ
Ļ֪ռ˵£ȥӦһ֮ԼֲѪͷɵӡ
һ£ˣһƺһʼԾûĵƣֻû뵽ܹ쵽һƾһ㣬ֵԴ
µԪп
սȷǿֻҸĵǣ̨ԾʱҲҪУ
üһһսǵս񣬿Щס
Ҳսپܰ쵽ģȻҲ԰쵽һƯƯİ쵽
ˮն
¡ǵĵĶˡ
µԪȻЦƳԶ


2021 ̫
ࣿ
ˮͳһ˳ųµԪĿȥͿϫ̨֮󣬱㾶ֱڼ̨˸䣬ϥأĿ
ʼգǻȻһУڷ̨ϵսҲȻûκȤ
óˮ˰һ֮࣬ȴӿһĨŭоϫ̬̫ǸûǷһ㡣
߰ɣȵڶֶԾʱݺݴ
µԪЦһ㾶ֱһ̨ȥսѾΪһսߣҲõǳˡ
ˮͳ̲סְĿ⿴ԶĳϫȴʼһµԪ̨ʱƤû̧һΣ
óˮ˽ԶסһȻѵһûаǷУ

ѲӿһĨŭ⣬Ծȵ˵ڶ־ʱһҪϫһĽѵ

ܿ죬ˮƶҲ̤ϸԵ̨ϣͶչս
һʱ֮䣬еעҲǱתƣ˳µԪˮϡ
Ͼ˿ǳеİڣӵиĿӡ
һУҲƵ׿ˡ
УµԪӵžܣսǿɲųƳһˣ޿֮ȼߡ
ճһЩϹŶۣĳµԪֻҪвʲô⣬պȵ̤У
д˱֪µԪε֮ǿǸУﶼԳưԣ˵֮⣬˸ûʸ֮ˡ
һУµԪĽɫҳһСֳġ
һЩеȲ壬ԼϵȲУҳһЩܹµԪȼġ
ǻһĵ̣Ŀɲ
˳µԪ֮⣬ˮҲӵŰΪ˱츳ͼɫͳµԪѶãֻΪһЩԵĹϵϣԲ˳µԪһ
ˣƾǰսڳаȺۣҲᱻͳµԪһ𣬱һ
ʱµԪˮλ̨չԾĿܲעˡ
ĶȳϫҪ󣬳еΪźȫ֮
һ̣ϫղɵ·ٲڣҲ·𱻳㡣
ȻǴ
ϫɻڼ̳ϣֻϥأĿޣȻ޷ע

ϫȷھޣŵ˵˿̸޷ֳȥ緢һС
ںͳһԾУȻǱ˴˽ԶԴ̳һͨһֳʤ
Գϫԣܳص㡣
صǣУõĽΪٴһͻƵļ
Ǻǿ߶Ծ洦ѹԽܹǱܾԽټϳϫĵѴﵽһֺŵĳ̶ȣΪܴﵽĳɾֲֻ
ɼˣڳѹ֮£м˳ϫǱܣõ˽ż
ȻΪѷϫһκζԷΪ̫ǿȳϫ߳Ρ
£ϫҲֻƾ򾳱Դƣֲ־ϵĲࡣ
Ҫһ֮л֣ܶȴЩѡ
Ҳѹ£ϫǱܱ̳һܹ֮ȡ˿ɲƣһشˣ䡣
Ȼûһ֮ԼϫҲеѹôȻҲܱǱܡ
ʱϫץסһʱ䣬Ŭոһս׽һɽƾ
£Ȼû˼ȥһС

Сʦʲô
Щ⡣
ھޡ
ѩڵ
ҵȻ֪ھޣʱʲô壿ѵͻƽף
Щȷ
ɡ
ѩҲЩ׼һЩվʲô¡
˵ʱ̨ϵս½ֳʤȫһһ󻶺
ȻǺֱԳµԪˮ˻ʤӮúɣȻû˷κζ
ˣһ־Ļ
䣡䣡䣡
ɫѻָ٣һĻһۣһɢ
˲Ϣ֮䣬̨̳УȻʧֻʣһ̨ϡ
ˣȫһ궯˶Ȼһ־ѽôڶ־ҲĻ
Ȼڶ־УεģǳµԪеκһλ֣һٴܳϫ
֮󣬾еĳϫҲһپȥֻó
ϫµԪˮƣȹϲλڶ־С
ɫϣĿڳϫһһɨҪΪ̳ˣǻһΨȡʤߣɻҫ
ԣµԪˮ˵ĿнԶ¶һĨ޷ƵĳȺ㽡
ǶԣܳϫֻǸСȡ̳ͷϷ
ֻҪﵽһԺ󡭡ɵ峤֮λִ֮Ȩҫϣ
ԳϫԣЩֱϻûʲô𣬶κȤΪ˾Ȼظĸòμһĵľ
ΣҪ˳߸ĸҲֻܲ뵽УһҪȡյʤ
ڣڶ־Ĺ򡣡
մ˻һʱȫע
һֶԾĹ֮رڶֶԾĹֻǷϴǰ㣬һս
ǳսĻȻǳϫȥԿµԪ˵½սĻȻװȫ̫ƽ»ɽǿҷˡ
ϾµԪУûһѰ֮ÿһ걬Ǹϫˡ
£ƶȲƽĹԵЩ˵ȥˡ
ʶ˶жϳӦòŶԡ
ʵҲȷˣյȷûвȡȹ򣬲ڶ־ĹʱȫеЩš
ڶֶԾĹܼ򵥣ͬһ̨лսΨмֵһˣյĻʤߣ
ǳյԭƺܹƽֻҪϸһ룬֪ԳϫжôĲƽ
˻ս
˵ĺʵóµԪһȥԸϫһʲô
һɲǣѩжԼˣ޳ܵģû޳ܵģ
һ֣ȥԸһǳΪõΪ̫ϳϣȻ˵óڣ
һӣѩ˵ɫѴһĨ⡣
Ѿǹƽƽ⣬ǶԷǹΪѺŪˡ
ֱ̫


2022 Ӧս
ĵڶ־򣬺ֹѩиеŭЩԼеЩš
֮ǰǻڴ⣬նȻٲȡһǰĳս򣬱ϾµԪˮеκһɻܳϫˡ
ٲȡһ־Ĺ򣬾Щ̫۸ϫ
˭룬ûôȴһȵһ־Ҫ̵Ĺأ
˻ս
񲻾óµԪһԸϫһˣ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ȻЩǲΪϫģⲢпԽء
̫ϳ̫߿ǳϫˣóµԪһֱֻӥȥɱһֻϣδ̫Сá
ôѵ̫ϳΪµԪеκһ޷ѹϫʶȹ涨
̫ϳѾʧȥģҪԾƳ׽С֣߳ټȥ
ǡôĻȥվԵǳЩ۸ˣҲӰġ
𣬼г˶Щɣ͸յ˼֪ǳһֿǣŻôġ
Ǵ
϶ǣô϶ʲôĿģ
Щ˵Ĺ۵㡣

ôʧȣڹŪǳϫɲһλ̫ϳϵȡ
һֶԾзĲҾ磬Ѿ׷˰ɣ
һ̣ЩҲüΪմ˾ʧִ磬ͳ
վǱͣԴҲö˵ʲôֻаϫ򱧲ƽˡ

⡭
µԪüͷ𣬶ڳյİţҲõЩ
һŽΪļһѣս죬Ҳһɣ
ҿЩ޷ܣǴȥӮСӣҲܲʡ
ˮְͬš
˭֪̫ϳ˿̾ôģ
һĳૣеĽϣõְҲǲ
Լ־
ɲΣ˶ԴҲɣĿ֮£ȥɳյȨԲС
͸ӰǸ֮ûʲôǿɲô

ȫۣɲһʱޱȡ
Դˣȴδ㣬ʼɫƽޱȣԤϵʱĳɡ
飬ڶ˱̨ʼڶ־ĶԾ
ճڣ˷
˶ʱףһγҪôˡ

ʱѩȻɫ䵭ѣǷΪɽĺ۸
ƽȴһ˵ƣȫʱʧձѹ
ɽŭˣ
һҲ£ٲվԣǾԵɽ̫ˡ
۸
ޱ飬ؿǹƽĺܣ˻սƾ¾յĻʤ۸ԣ
գô˵㳹˺ˣ
лȻ̬ȱѩǿӲԴҲһ㶼һĨв
ȫ˶һ𣬸еһɽ֮Ҳδ̫ˣǵĵϳв̫ϳϣֱ̫֣
¹ٲƽΪǳ˶ƶ˭ɽϽˣ
ȻϽˣ͵ýֹأ
λϢŭĳɶκɽ˼̳˾ҳڲ飬ԵҳƶȻϫ͵¡
Ѿȥˣ̬ȿƲ²ʵ粽ãǿӲ֮
ѩеɫ䵭ѶŭҪ
λͨһŭϢ֪кεȿɲ
һʱ֮䣬ƬضڲڣһĲĿֲѹõڳÿһ˶еһϢУ׹ߡ
ɫҲһĿ˸һԲƺ㡣
λʦ֣Ͱ˵İɡ
⽣ţҩζʮĽҪͷһֱĬĳϫȻڣȫ
ѩжʱü
ڳҲȻƶû뵽ϫȻĻӦȹؽеڶֶԾ
Сʦܣȷ
ѩüɷģ˿˳Ҳ֤ضʧ
ԡ
ϫЦЦɫݣκηŭ֮ɫ
á
ѩĬƬ̣һ¡
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ϫʱջĲƽأⲢ˿Խܣ

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ӰΣɫĮȻûһ˿ɫ
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ȥսҲͽ͵ˣע޷ı
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⣬Ҳѩ˳׶ŭԭڡ


2023 μ
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ǺǣԳµԪˮ˵֣СҲе˼ѹϧһսĽעȥҲͽ͡
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һЩʵܹ֮߳һսһʼϫʹ·磬һֱѹһֱˡ
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սԽԽңϫĴҲϱϱɣμ穡
⻹ֻһƣѹĳµԪˮһǺֱ룡
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Ҳ֪ϫȡʤϣ󣬿ɵȫѹʱлǽסЩϫǡ
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Уǲʱһ󻶺ΪƵıֺȲʲѡ
·һԾУƺȷسµԪˮٳ֣ϫͽܱˡ


2024 ͻ
ƹǿʢϫٲȻѱȫѹƣϱҪֳơ
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ҪٸᣬһԾСӻ쵰ɣ
죡
ۼϫ᧿Σƫƫһʱ޷ѹЩ˶ͣ׷״󺰳
ǻΪǹˣèϷӰ㣬ڳѹϫҪŪԷ
ΨԼ޲̾ͱ˶֣ƾʩչɱУ԰쵽һ
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ɼˣϴѹĳϫǿԿţÿÿΣգܹڼ䲻ݷ֮仯Ϊġ

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ƾɾ޷ޱȵĶԾмֵڡ
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ƱûѪһȴ޷еķŭͳ衣
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ԽߴԽǼѣΪһ̼׽һ˿ƾǳƲʩѹ޷ٳνˣ
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ǳϫУ»ܳƣҲػᱻһ米״üģǺɲ룡
䣡
ϫüƣһתâǺ籺ݺݻȥײһɲĺԱ䣬ûȫ


2025 ᧿Σ
ಣ
ײһ޳ĺɫӰֳУȹݽޣ룬Ȼһѹĳˮ
绪޳սȫѷɫڳƣǳеһŴʵ顣
˿ִ̣һĺ籣ڼ䲻ݷ֮䣬һپ³ƣֶθɴ䣬ʱӮȲʡ
ˮڳˣ
кϷˣƺͳˮһǳϫעκŤתǬĻᡣ
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˶ܣ׷׽ȫ
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нסЦ
ѩûпڣüͷ΢壬ѣˮĳעսַޱ䡣
ŸոڽͻƵĳϫȡõҲؽȻ޴棬ʵǣ
ʦ֣صģСʦˣһսҲ֮ҫ֮
һڵƿѩ˼
ףһɽ˱۸оЩʹ졣
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ްһҲЩ֪ܵĻ˲ʹһ
䣬ɱڡ

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ϸȥһʺ͸ʵ壬ɫȴŽâĻ湹ɣڼƵĳһĺ籡
飬ʵӹ׾ɷ˫һĵ·԰ش򷭣ǿշٻ٣ȼ
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һӵв˼鱦棬һǿߣҲ˲䱻ΪٽԵ֮

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Ƭ̺󣬳ϫ˱ݺɣʯϣסڿѪɫȻ԰͸
ʱȾѪ¶ļ˺ۣ۸ѱϣĿȫǣԵޱȡ
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Сģ
Ҳڴʱһֱ̨ԵѹĳµԪƲʲô͵طһȡ


2026 Ϯ
Сģ
µԪһͻأĴȣõóơˮ˽Զһ˿Ȼ
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Ҳһɲǣԭǿ֮ĩԡѪ˵ĳϫǺȻһնɱ
ͬʱһĿֲϢõĻɽ㣬Ȼڳϫ緢
ǲƵļѵĽǡƷٵѪ⡢ľ괺㣬ɱ䡣
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ԴǶ벻ףΪʱ̣ϫٴηɱ䣬˾Ϯ
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յ˫ֲƵزͷ͹ԣҪʧأΪʲôΪʲôᷢ飿
ֻһܳ״ݿСΪΪٴͻƣ
ңʼվһ˿ͻƵļûУսаһ˴֮˰ᷢȻ飿
֮սעʷУΪĥһӡΪ̣
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޷󰡣
ϯϣһڱҲסпϫǾϮľһĻޡ
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ɽСʦڣٲصǺˣ
ѩЦ֮
ÿÿɽˮȴܸ·ת֮ʵİо
Ҳƣ̾ѡ
˵ܴ󣬲δΣǳյĶУֱŭգб˼¡
ŰɣΣˣлһڵ
ҧ

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ϫΪ֮õһȫɱ䣬սֹ֮ǿһ
˿̣ȣڣ֮ϿգȽȽһոµϽۻǣ
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ܹ֮쵽һǻԵǳϫսʱڰнѲ͸ġ֮ӡг
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ս֮ӡУΪٴͻҲˮɵ飬κνҿԡ
˵Ҳǰĸ·;ϣ֮ӡеаض˸͸Ҳ޷쵽һˡ
ƽʱ۵ĺôƲ۵׼ڹؼʱ̣ܱԸı

ǿ߶ԣΪϽһΣı仯ܡ
ϫͬӵžŵ򾳱ԴΪÿһΣɱҪǿҪˡ
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սƲ仯ơˮ֣ҲԺϫ෴ٲȻϫѹƣ
ѹɫϱ任ֱӵ˼£оŭȻţ֮ǰĽ⡢һͳͳʧ
ৣ
ۼԸı棬ֳǰ֮ƣҪϫȫѹƣһֱ̨һѹĳµԪڳˡ
һԲһʵءɫ󴿺ڵľӰһͳϫɱȥ
䣡
췭ظʱյ󶼷Ťڲ𣬷κζֻҪУ᳹
ǳµԪʱͷųƣһԾĿɲ
һ˲䣬ΪµԪĳ̨ϵĸһ䣬ϫոȡõƣһεȻ޴档
Ϊʱ˿̣Ѻ֮ǰȫͬ
Ķֱһ
ִѹ֮£¾ǻһλľҲֻ˱ᣬâ
Ϊոͻĳϫԣ֪ѹǺε֮
䣡
̨ϣսϣ˽һݳһ۷Ծ
ܡ޹⡢ɲ񸡹Ӱ㣬ӳ֣ĵأڶ
ԶԶȥֱڷһĩ֮սľǴҡ󶯵ֲľ
ʧѩСյڵˣϢ񣬽̨ϡ
սһѾǽӽڶֶԾβͽĻֳһ
ͬʱһبźĽ棬Ƿһλһ֮ĶԾ
£û˸ȥˣûԸ̨ϵκһϸˡ
һ̣ЩһֱӲĻʯϹŶҲһǿƥĹͶŹ



2027 
ϣܣʱձɲĩ
ɲս쫷磬ɢʢҫۣļ£һһȷ̫ˡ
˵Ϲ򣬼⻤У۷ĶԾҲبδУƿǰ
ΪһԾ˫̫⣡
һλһλһֻһŸոսǿߣԱȣһĿȻ֮ࡣ
ǰ£һԾԵ̫أݹ۹ŽУѰٵһˡ
Ϊ˾̾ǣʵ⣬ɳϫһˣڼţûб̻ܣⱾԵüΪ˼顣
սƣڳ˻ϫٴαѹ
һжΪһµԪļ룡
ӵоΪֻһ̤֮ųǳǿеĵһˣ޸ױȡ
壬ͬĶµԪʵҲǶһ
һӵгΪսľȥԸŽΪĳϫ֪ϫɺεȴѹ֮
οµԪһˣһͬԸϫĻгơˮλ
һе޲ϫҪӮȡһԾϣã֮
սƵķչҲˣڳµԪ˵ִѹ£ϫ±þȡ᧿Σ
ʵϸһ룬ڶֶԾʼڣĳѾֹһΡ
һζԸʱϫҲѹҪܱɺƾͻȻͻƵĽ磬һϮ˾档
ڶ˳ˮļ룬õóϫȡõֱ뱻ĴУ˴١
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ֱڣųµԪļ룬һƾǱ괵ȥ׶ɱ˳ϫϮͷõ뱻Χյز
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ΪʱȥЦһھ£ܹսǿߣǼֱȶ⣬˵ֻԼ
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һ̾ЩУһֿʼϫǲͬϫ޷ϵǣϫһֵصǿߣ

һ˶ڷű仯սţٳʱҫԭΪǴ˭룬⻤֮⣬ǳһλҫʵ˾ޡ
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ĳûдǰ죬ȥԱϵȲеľӢҲƺҲܺʹġ
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ֻû뵽ǣսƵķչǳϣɲɱط˳ϫһľ档
⵹׼һУⰲŵһ
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϶ǡ
ֻеĻʱùϯϵһֱ鲻ԽЦ
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첻ԣ̨ϣѾöĶˣڿ೰Ҳںˡ
һԾ޷ֻһطȥˣ
ҺãսѾʣڳµԪ˵ѹ£ϫѾǻ췦
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µԪһʵأִ֮ɫľڿգͷųƥ֮ϫٴλˡ
һ̵ĳϫѾ˵̨һ䣬·ٲı棬²ѹҲᱻ׻˳̨
ĻҲûʲô
ƽȣ
۶ԳϫǶԳµԪԣƺѾһֳʤĹؼʱ̡
ʱԳµԪΪףơˮлɭϿͣƣٲȻһҪϫһٻļơ
Ҫиһӳ̭֣
µԪһ
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Ҫֳʤˣ
һ̣ȫ˶鲻Խս˫ȭĶɤۡ
ΨѩкɣѿƣʤνһԾͲƽϫܰ쵽һѾø̫ľϲѲʲô
ӮˣҪӮˡ
Ҳ԰˿ľļһսӿʼڷ̫ͻ˾ġ
ãһڵ˽ʱ򣬶ԳնԣֻҪӮˣֻҪϫ֣Ѿ㹻ˣ
Ȼɽһɲǣյɫ㽩Ӳǣ˼ľҲ׻㣬ѡ
Ϊڴʱ̨֮ϣٴηһ䡪
һɿֲϢӣԭУҪԲҰճĳϫʱٴαǣ
㱩һ
һͷŨܵĺڷٿȻΪѩ֮ɫľ糹ȼգȫ򡢻Ѫõƿǰǣֱ֮⣬ҡǺ
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գһ㽫µԪ˵ֳ׻⣬ͬǵˣ
ǵֱʼڣ
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ЩͣһֱڰйעһĻʯϹŶҲһ
߱񹦡ҵˣСʦѹֶΡ
ѩлһۣԶȻѡ



2028 ˫
һɲǣϫ׷ѩӰЮʢϽãأȫ𺳡
;ĩ·£սٴɱ䣬ǿһһٻ֣ԾţХ̨֮ϡ
Щ˽ԶɫͣڶֶԾʼǾϫչֳϮ𾪡
ֱѴﵽһֿǰĸ߶ȣԴ£հס
̫ǿˣ
һж֮˼飬һϹܹ쵽ģ
꣡
£е˫ָֽ߬죬ǿе𶯺ͽꡣ
Ϊɹ˭룬ֶȻתֱۣһԳܵĥͼ尾
ЩҲһģκһԾ鿴¼κһλܣƺԺһԾǰһʼϲ𺳳ƺԺͳϫıᲢۡ
ֹǾףֱδţδ

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ս˴˿̣ʵǶЩϫǿͿɲû뵽ڳµԪ£ǵûһٴܳϫɱƳΧˣ
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һѵһ޷ƷĹ
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νġ׶ˡȻѲסϫܸ;ʲôʵӰ졣
Ҳֻʩչ˹֮һһ״̬С
ʶζԾֻҪȡʤϫԲЩϸ֦ĩˡ

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ͬʱϫشǳˮеһĨ籶ƤһƬ
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Ƭʱ䣬ѽԶˣңͱѹ̭֡
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һжóϫӵų󼰵սս־
⸺սУơˮǾ͸޷ͳϫȣ

սԽԽңȫ
һ̣˶˳ϫȡսҪȰѳơˮ̭ȻȫԸµԪһˡ
µԪȻҲһ㣬Ҳеֵǣϫ̫ˣֹǶԵ˺ݣԼݡ
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źǣϫݣȡõЧҲޡ
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ûãȫһ󾪺Уǳ˾Ǳһݺɳ̨Ѫڵ棬һ鴤Ƶġ
Ǳ̭ˣ
˺Ȼ
ڶֶԾճĹأһ˻սĶԾ̨ܹϼֵһˣյӮҡ
һս̨֮֮߳Ҳѳʧȥ˾ʸ
Ȼ𺳵Ĳһ㣬𺳵ǣһ£ϫܹ̭֣֮˼飿

̨һƣڸղţƶԳϫԿʼһЩ
䣡
յ蹦һײǳˮһҽУܿƵصɣݺڵ棬ǰһڣǳ׻˹ȥ
ûǰ㱻֣߳ݻУҲǳʧܣս
ȫһȻ˶Ŀ࣬Ȼţϫ˹͡
ѵһҪϮɹ
ɫĿ˸ѡ
ϯϣһڱԣΪϫչֳս𺳡
ѩҲȻԭѲʲôѿһԾʤ
һжǽڳϫȡʤĻϣԵܵȻÿʼʱҲһȻ⣬⵹ʼϲġ
ҶҲСʦˡ
ѩжһۣԶЦԴ֮ȴοԺ֮С
ӥս󣬲ա
ս⣬ˡ
ϫѰ֮Уӵдܻܣȥ
Ԥ룬ԺͷųεȾķɣֻ´εȴ𺳣


2029 Ըܷ
ƺͳˮҰܣȫ𺳣ⲢһԾʹĻ
ΪһµԪ
̨ϡ
սȻֹһݵĶŽ׶Ρ
ϫԡѪѰٵһļЩطԿɭȻ׹ǡ
ЩƣԶǸղڹơˮʱܣأҲᣬѰ޵߶ԣҲѾˣƱػԽսӰ졣
ɶԳϫԣȴȻ㣬һԨоǳĮɱ֮
ԶԶȥһѪɵһĵ

һ࣬µԪɫƽ񾲵Ͽһ˿̨һ࣬СĽеĳˮȻͳ̨⡣
ϫ֪ԷǵĽսˮδȥֹ֮Σ
˵ϫҲͶұɡ
һԾһʼʱעǲƽģɳµԪַܱȣûһȫ֣óϫҲû뵽
ӿսʱ˱һοŤתǬˡ
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һжҪҪǣϫΪһԼҪ㹻ˡ
ƽĹעƽһУϫӲҲԼǰ㱰Ӻ޳ܡ
ҲΪһԾֶֹͣԭڡ

ʼɡ
µԪһУϫŵȻڡ
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ͻıʣҲȫ˶һ
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һλڳ岻֪µϹ翪ʱһӻ߳o֮һһΪɲ⡣
棬޷ʰɡ
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ԪСһĲûдˣѵǳ⻤һ֮Ҳ䲻𣿡
̫ѱЩ䵭һĨɫ
ǳɫһ䣬˶ĬУɫӲ֮
˳򸾣һž۰ɣ¡ԭǳˣȻˣ㲻һٴȥ
֪ʱߺȻһĨĽâ𽥱ճһðΰĲȻӰ
Ӱһ֣һݵϢؼ䣬ȫгһ
ȻһӰǳ̫壡
ⲽ磬â뵣˸ݡ
һ̣ѩеɫҲ֣棬ڳ̫ĵҲòӡ
ΪһλԺɽλʦȼ
ֻת֮ǰĳг̫ڱ֧֣ҲѴټһƬɽ


2030 ֮ս
̫ĳȫҲóѻȸ
Щ˵϶д˾;ηһʼϲȻ顣
Դӵѡתޣ̫ѡ˱չӣδͷ¶档
Щˣ̫ʱû̫壬˭Ҳû뵽ʱˡ
û뵽ǣԷյľ˳򸾣Щ˶Щֲ֮С
ô
һϫѣֵó̫Գ棿
һʱ֮䣬нԶ𶯣޷ƽ
У磬â뵣̫Ӱӳĵ񻰴˵еo
λбߣʵҲɲĻʯϹŶǳյҲ֡
ɫòòҧ˵ǡ
̫Ȼûпǡ
һӣջһ˫ֲƵزһ£ʶ̬ƺȫԼƿء
ǡ⾿Ϊʲô
벻ס
лǰȫ
ڴʱѩȭ
ؿʵǲҲ˱˶ϵʱ򡣡
̫̾Ϣһ
˶ϣ
пһ˶ʲô£
Ӧ̫Ըգ˴μ̳˾ѾĻƺ󡣡
ֳѩеλỹǰһ𡣡
˵գӰûΪһȻ꣬ٿȻʧ

̫뿪Ҳζһļ̳˾ʹ˽յĻʤߣȻǳϫ
ֻȴû
Ϊ˶֪ϫֻˣ¶ʤĿʸļ̳ˣ
ڴˣϫκβʤѾ㹻ˣֻҪܹӻظĸŲϡʲô̳ʸ
һ뵽ǳ̫ѴӦԼĸϫľҲüƶˡ

һĻˡ
ɫصشҴ뿪˭Ҳ֪ȥ
ЩҲȥ˸пꡢδ
췢һϵսʵ̫ģ֮ʣǱīܹݡ
Σͨһ̳˾г˶׼סһ֡ϫ
һ֮ǰų⡢ЦߣΪһע޷ӣصҫ
ЩԻһıҲ½Ǳ𣬶Ƕԣţͬһѵõ飬̫𺳺⡣
ò˶ãЩ͵ȥйسϫһЩ¼ҲȻᴫһС

СʦܣϲˣǸҺһľϲ
ųϫ̨߹ѩӭȥɫоο͡
ɵò
Ҳһһ䡣
ϫЦЦ̲סλʦ֣ҡ
·֪ϫҪ˵ʲôѩֱָųϫЦģȥ㸸ĸǿǻܵĵġ
ϫһͷ˿ԼѪպ˺ۣסЦһʦ˵Ķԡ
߰ɣȻȥһȻҴȥ̫壬Ҫ˳ӻ㸸ĸɱ뾭һأãϼһѾӦŵŲٶԤˡ
ѩЦŷԸһͺһųϫƮȻ뿪

һ
ϴԡĳϫһոµͷѩһ٣Եˬ
ΨԼڸµϣŶٻδϵ˺ۡ
½ֶԾõóϫҲļʱ޷ϡ
ΪĸϫĻЩˡ
ܿ죬ѩеĴ£Ųʱգһ
ƬֻǷֲɽԼһЩϪľףɫ续
Ѱʵǳеһأǳ̫λʯϹŶڴܾС
ϫһɽ£Ϳһªԭʼʯ
ʯǽϣأһž޴ĺɫƤһһѩ׷
ǺɫƤѩԶѰʲôϡ֮ȴԵúܹϣӯһϢ·¡
ªԭʼʯݣֲµƤõһԵòã˷·һӻص֮ǰç̫ʱڡ
ʯţֻһŲڵ
ϫǵִѩֱƿǲųϫС
ʯһƬİռ䲻󣬰ҲΪªûʲôֵùעĵط
֪ǳ̫֮̾أϫ㻳Լֻ׽ƧвеļªũС
ϥʯеĳ̫ʱϫʱоӶòͬ
̫Ӱ񳡢ƽӣ׾ղʱǰҫۣҲһ˿֮Ȼâ
һֳȻ⣬ʥϵϢϢİʯݱòͬһʥã϶ԭʼζ
ǰ߶ˡ
ѩ˹֡

̫˻֣ʾѩŰĿϫƽǷһĨп֮ɫ
Сһʵϣ֮й֮޲ֻϷû뵽ǣһСһҳйϵȴɽˡ
ɣɳơ
ߣ
ѩȻʧЦҡͷǰԴɽɴӲ顣
̫һĿȴڴϫڼһʱѵһĹ屦㣬ֱóϫһڡ
ֱϫЩܲסʱջĿ⣬̾ϢһǵĻӡʵ˿͸Ҳ
ϫһ
֪Ǽ俪ʼ֮ǰѩλʦݷùһλ棬ֻҲ֮便һЩʲô
̫̾ϢԼµ֮佻̸ĻУȻԼйأ
ֻ̫²ǵڶ۵ԾҪʱͻȻ
ȻǰˣǿɷھСʦȥͳ
ѩЦ˵
Ȼԡ
̫ӦĺԥЦҲؼһʱ֮ǰϷһ󡣡
˻һϫвһ̫εѰ֮£
ѩڣϫΪ̫ڹѣֹȥĸ
ǰ뽲
ѩڵ
ܼ򵥣ôӴҳ壬ȥμӻ֮ս
̫Ц˵
֮ս
ϫһͷˮ̲סߵС
ȴҡͷʾ԰ꡣ
ѩ˼Ƭ̣õ˵֮սֻлĺܲμӣɡ
ƺ֪ѩҪ˵ʲô̫ЦŴϵصһ㣬СһȻճ£ĺᣬȻҲǻĺᡣ
ѩȻô˵ǰѴСʦһԱ
̫ߵСһﱾҳϵĺᣬ֮˵
˶٣׾ϷһĨ֮ɫӦμӻ֮ս峤֮λպ󽻸Ҳǲԣ


2031 ٴ
̫Դϣ
ˣֻ˲ͻᱻԴǹĶѪȼˡ
ɳϫȴǻȻûһ㷴ӦԱΪеһԱûаϲøУԺΪ峤ȤҲޡ
̳ϣǸװԼġҡ
ԭ̫һĿڿųϫʧǣϫķӦ̫䵭õʱʶԼ뷨ƺ޷Сһ
̫忴˿ѩֿ˿Уס̾˿û뵽û뵽
УǴһĨʧ䡣
忡ҿǳµԪ㼫ʺϽ峤֮λǰΪأ
ѩ΢΢һЦ
ӵȷѵãϧȴһɴ
̫ڵ
㣬ʱȥĥ£ҹ۴Ժ֮ǰڳ֮ϣʵѵá
һ
Ȼ
̫ɫѻָƽһ۳ϫֻǿϧǰСһȣԪ⺢ӿɾЩѷɫ
Ȼ̫ԳϫмӣΪͣϧҪС
źǣϫ̬ѱ¶һУõó̫ҲĸеЩź
ܿ죬̫㲻̽⣬ֱԵ֪λɴӦϷ󣿡
ѩжһۣĿ˳ϫ
Сʦܣ»Լ⡣
ѩ
Ҳ⻤֮սʲô
ϫЦ
ȱôֻ࣬ҪӦϷ֤žۣΣ
̫ɿ
ϫ룬ֿ˿λʦ֣˲κηԣһ¶Լԣʲô£λʦֱȻһʱ䲻Ӧˡ
ã㹧ˡ
ϫһϡ
ã
̫üϷһĨο̲סСһ治ٿһϷղǸ飿
Դ֮УУȻ̲ģϣҪѳϫС
óϫһԥܾˡ
ˣ̫һ̾ϢգӦʱųϫȥ򸾡
ˣϫûٶǱȥ


ڳϫǸ뿪ûãһªԭʼʯУһһԡ
һһӰֶϥȻԼĵƵġ
Уڳ̫ܾ֮ģҲֻλʯϹŶˡ
ϧˡ
̫̾Ϣ
С޵ȷȻԸ⣬ҵҲǿ󡣡
һڵ
ǲչֵսȻ̸϶Ժĵ;עؽԽŽ񣡡
̫տȻɫȻˣһԪĵھŸӦߣһζʲôӦñ
˽ԶĬü̾ѡ
ﵽȵزȻϫΪһԪĵھλӦߣǺε֮ڲͬ
еĻǿȥ̸һ̸Ѵ
ӽ
²ףһɽҲӦˡ
һҡͷѡ
ҿλ̫߹ͣûѵҳ廹޷Ӵˣ
˲ΪȻ
ˣ̫岻ҡҡͷĬã˵ˣ̸˻⣬ӼȻѾӦǳ壬뵽Ļ֮սУѾ㹻ˡ
˵ţ߳ʯݡ
Ҫȥ
ȥգҵһЩ¡

Ĵǰ
˫ָһĬԡ
ɫüһĨ޷ȥĽͷȻ֮ɫ
Ϊʲô⾿ΪʲôһԲѵһر
ѩ϶ڱ⣬ǵʱ̣ᾪ
ˣȻ˾ҲˣΪ壬ǱһЩֺգ
磬ɩ˸öӰϧⱲǿԲˡ
ĳͻãĳϣȻ̧ͷĿĴ
գ̧ȥ
ڼʼ֮ǰһҲ˳һ棬Ǵ̸ܲ죬ҲĿһա
һڴ˿̡ѲҪ
ȥɡ
ȻһӰĴ֮ǰ˳֮ǰ
񳡢ƽӡ׾Ȼǳ̫塣
棿
һɫȻһ䣬ԼµֻԼĿѱʶơ
ĳޣȻѾټƽϣֺαٹһģĪǡ㺦һλ뺦ڶΣ
̫ɫȻȴһĨײĸӡ
棬ֻȡһرӦҵԸгһܹϲȥıϵȲλã
һɫѱ侲Ӧʼմûйһ˿˽ģһжΪ濼ǣ򡭡Ҳɳ
ҵȻҲȻ̫ϳ֮λѳȨôꡣ
̫üɫЩ䵭ֻǿϧЩıֿǺʧ
͵رüҧΪȱһرҿ϶ȵ
̫üʱҲԸ𣿺ã˵һ飬һرԼģǳģ
ЦѵǳˣȻǳϵģ֮ҲӦǳϵģ
硣
ˣ
̫бһĨâЩҿɲŷµڶΡ
˵ţһӣԶȥ;֪ڱ뿪򡭡
û˵꣬ζȴǱ¶ɡ
׻ԭأɫ粻ֱãſɬһЦ૵Ҵ𣿴𡭡
ʧǣһʧȥеĶ־ϣų
£˭дҡ
̫ͷҲأƽԣЩԶһֱȥˣֻ塣
𣿡
ʬ⣬ڳ̫ն
޷󣬾һһλģ
ҲǴ𣬳շ·˼㣬Ӳδ˭ҲһоΪʲô

ʦ֣ǻ֮սô£
һضУϫ̲סʵ
ѩڵʦܣ˵ɡ
ɾ˵ˡ
ϥ룬˵֮ÿ꣬һУв嶼ѡγһλϣΪľǻһȥǷ֮ɽǰл֮ս
һʱ䣬ǡ֮󣬱һλ֮սʱ䡣ʱСʦ㾡ȥμӱˡ
һԼ࣬ϫһЩȴϸһȴɻӿͷ
ΪʲôҪл֮ս
ΪʲôҪѡϣΪľУ
ѵʲôɣ
ؼǣԼɲ˭ָұ֤ԼһԽΪ
ȻǽΪʱԼǷϣΪ
һУԵ˷ѽ⡣


2032 ѩ
ѩУԶûپйػһս飬Ϊʱ磬ǣĶҲ̫ӣһʱ˵
еǸ߳ϫӦΪ⻤֮սȫ׼⣬ĳɵĲߣԶԶһϻԵһ̤֮
⣬Ҳһڻ岿֮˻뵽֮սҪԭ֮һ
Ҳͨ뻤֮սķʽһͻƵ˵֮
֪һУʱϫĲѡ
֮
ųϵ֮ͨزԹ񣬲֪жٸ˾գܹɹҲһС˰ˡ
ԭڣ˾漰˵У̫ɬɣһŲٶ䣬⣡
ʱ񣬼ǷϹУܹ֮ģһǹڸһµͨײβؿɲ֮
˵ȴڣϵ޵۷壬ڽ߸ϣӵвɴ֮ܣĿηĽ㡣
ҲΪ˾̫ߡ̫ɬҲ̫ѣҪ˾磬ɾô׵顣
ֻҪǻ֮սУмϣжһϻԵóϫܲģ
ȻϫֻӵΪ֮ĸΣǵ֮һǵ蹵Ĵ󾳽硣
ɱˣΪӵԪӡĹϵõóϫʱκαϺ谭
ֻ֮ҪϫЩԪӡһһΪֳڽĽͷ
οǻ֮֮սֻҪһʱڲ⣬㹻ϫΪ֮زˡ
֮սһϻԵɾԲݴˡ
ϫһ૲ѡ

硣
ϫȺڶɫƽ˼ȴƮƽ
ѾܶûָоڴȼЩûʧ
Լʱ̫ϫȥͳһžۡ
ԳϫԣȻͬѰ
ʮɬ꣬꣬Ѫĥµɽ״ӡ
ӵСС̳ǣ֮ȵϹ
һССķӣٵΪزΪϹ½֪ķ
һ·ϲŭԹһ·աۺ͵崣ҲֻгϫԼܹᡣ
ʹһУʹǰиһԭǡӻɢ֪꣬ٵĸĸ
Ը˭Ը˵룿
ĿѼɣò˶ãԺ͸ĸı棬óϫʱ˿̵ɿƽˣ
ѹõĽᣬǱŷĻɽ㣬޷Ƶӡ
ʱһһţϫɫû㱡Ȼ̫̫ºͻ䡣
ȥүү裬ܾӵһƾɼªķݣԼΪͽӻϰŴܵİۺͲˡɨǡųŪζĴºš
ʱڳϫ£һӡȴ
ҲǴʱʼ̤֮·ΪֻΪѰظĸ

мžѩнԶھƶ˿̳ϫûг
ֱ磬һãڶ𡪡λɽѿڣ
̫ˣ
һ£ϫ͵ȴԼԸƽ֮סЦѡ
ȥɡ
ѩǰĳϫ
š
ϫ˵ͷ߳
Сһõ˰ɡ
⣬񳣬ʵȻӣ׾ĳ̫忴ϫӰ֣вһĨӡ
ʵȷЩ֮С
ϫʼ
֮顣
̫ЦЦתųϫԶȥ

һ·ԣܿ죬ڳ̫ĴĴǰ
ִʱ̫һԥɻûסƳĬϫ治ٿһ£ʺֻͣҪǳУò˶ãԵ峤ְ֮ǿһҫ
УѴһ˿޵Ŀζ
ϫԭ£ԵʱһΣû뵽λ澹̲ġ
Цлǰ⣬ĲڴˣʵѴ
̫̾Ϣһ治ٿǿǣɲھϣֻҪڻ֮սʼ֮ǰһ𸴣峤֮λϷضţ
ϫҡͷؿˣѾ
̫Ȼɫ¶һĨ޷εʧ䣺˸־Ҳ޿κ֮¡ܹӦϷҲΪ֮¶ǣֻǿϧˡ
ҡͷ̾ٶԣֳĴȥ
ϫˣһԥ˵ǰĲڴˣպвǲԲԹۡ
̫Ӱһ٣ȻתѴһĨ󣬵˻棿
ϫԡ
̫͵ЦƼΪοͻϲã仰Ϸ룡
ǰ롣
ϫֵ
£̫ųϫ뵽ĴС

ݷХѩ׷ɡ
տȵУһƬӨ͸塣
ء
ķѩУһεӰ֣ⲽԶȥ
ѩԺһ٣忡㣬Ԩ߷ѩУһֻ翵Ĺº裬Ѱٹ鳲
һ硣
ճ̫ԣڵ򸾷ʱһֱڴˡ
䱻ˣûʲôŰĥֻǱڴˣ޷ϵˡ
óϫһֲ֮࣬ɻ󣬸ʲô飬ᱻˣ
ѩãһƬ絶ķУһ̸
ϣ̤ѩû飬ʵЩ֡
һöŮǷУһ޵Ŀ֮⡣
ϫһŲͣŲһ
ɫüзһĨ֮ɫ˵һδĸµ׹лǳʱĳ
ʱһԼӰ֣һϮ£üĿ续ţ峺͸һ˿Ƥ鶯
ʱһ˿Ц⣬Ȫˮˣ죬һĻŮ
ɳϫ֪ǾԼĸѩ
һ棬һӡϫĵδ
ѩУһ֮Ů͵Ļ첻ͬɳϫȴһжϳеʹʱ֮ͬһˣ
һɲǣϫеǧòʧгֵľԷӲס
ѩеһܣ忡ǷһĨĵ顣
Уѩĺ硢ȵط·Ҳһӱġů
ڣҪˡ



2033 
ѩϯ׷
򰾢ѩϥڹ£һֳ°ͣңԶѩУЩĲɡ
һĳ˫ֱԺпڹ۾˵֣ʱ㣬ǳѽò˶ãǱԺϫˡ
ѩһָֻƽֻ̾Щġ
ЦϫôģҳĶӣȻϳ壬Ŀܻᷢˡ
ѩһۣѩĶأ
Ц㻹ʲô
ѩЩ̽ץһµıѩűѩڻʱ뼡⣬ҵĳգҲ˳̫־Ӻ㣬һΣѱȥϫӦһʲô鶼
ĬƬ̣Ӧòᣬճ̫飬ȻһٴȥֻҪг̫ڣһжóԸˡ
˵⣬ǲһĨζѩİɣϫ϶µġ
ѩƳۿ˿ﷺһĨϧ֮ɫˣ
δϣЦ̾Ϣѻָǰ䣬ȿ̹ĵĿ˵ˡ
ѩӣץס֣ȻѲƽϵ飬Ǿͳһаɣ㣬Ѿǻһĺˣô
ͷȻǰ֮֮ҴֻǷֵģΨһԸһžۣͷ
ѩ׿ڳļϣ૵ҺγҲˣǰ֣Ҫʲô
ûж˵
ڹ£طѩƮҡȾþ׶Զ
֨֨
һŲԶ𣬲ڴѩǵĵϣһ֨
ѩ̧ͷĿȻԶ
ֻǲãؼ䣬һӰѩЩ飬Щ١
˿ľǰͼ
ǳǳأһӰΡͦ㡢һͷѩԺ¶һ忡ӡ
ĺǿգԨѩУһλӵĹˡ
Ӱѩһ˶ƽסһŵģ
Ҳ͵΢ţѩһޡ
ͬʱһѩľӰҲͣͣ忡ϾǸӡ
пϲȻмһ㡣
ء
ؼ䣬ѩХȴܰ㣬˴Զǧ
ԣȴڼ
ı룬ѩ꣬Եһؼѩ崲ݣ
飬˵

ϫ
ãѩŷһѩУһѱס˳ϫ򼤶ڲڡ
ϫӲʺĶ˼ΣԥãżѴӴзһĸס
еЩİΪʱѾӲٽг֣Ҫǣױүү踧֪ʲôʽȥĸ׽
ǣ֣ȴһװ㣬ѩĺʧأʳйᡣ
סϫָò԰ףһΣһСľͲˡ
ϫˣȻˣЩõģܵ޷ˣ껶Կࡢ
ѩૣѹõһǻ˼֮кˮҲǲܿƵţ͸˳ϫ½
ϫɽӲͷŻʧᣬ૳ŮӣҲǲƵӿһĨּ
һḧѩûд˵š
ȻЩӦɳϫ˿ȴǵһθܵһޱȵṳ̊ʵо
УԶĳһֱţɫʱοʱʱϲʱΡ
ΪףҲ֪ʱһַʽȥͶ˰ɣ

֮ѩŽƽأԲɿסϫ֡
ʱ򣬳ŸɿһǰĿ⿴ųϫһϫ
Ŭάһλ׵ϣȴΪ̫ԵЩӲЩ
ס
ϫɫҪԵƽ٣ʵĿƽˣֻͬҲŬԼ
Լʧأ̲סʹǰǶ𡢶үүܵܲܵˣ
³ϫԭһУ֪ôҲȲѵĿԣ飬Ŀôģ
Ʋϫ̬΢΢Щ䵭ɫе֮ɫŨңЩ֪롣
ֹΣȻһ̾üԡ
գһʱ

ѩҲյ̧ͷ˿ϫֿ˿ĳգסҲ̾˿ɿ˱סϫֱۡ
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ѩã˵ЩʲôȴϫЦŴϵĸףǰ鲻Ҫˣǽ뿪ġ
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һæЩڨڨЦţǰһλĸдһƬټɽִȨ˫
ԳϫʱȴЩηηš֪룬ʵ
㡭ǣ
ѩȴǽסʵֱֱųϫ
֡
ϫڵǰԹ޹Ҳ⣬ͻˡ
˵ţϫЦףĸףôòǼȻҪ죬Ҳɵѩаɣ
ѩͳγѰ㣬æԶԶԡ
ѩסϫ첲ǿŹȥͬʱȥѩ裬ȺϫúģЩ귢ϵ飬׵ľһ֪ҡ
˵ţ̲סᡣ
ϫæ£ŵĸףȱޣͰЩһһ˵ˣʲôҾ˵ʲô
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ǺãСһֱڵ飬κС¶Ҫңô
ѩ۴ϣؿųϫһģ
ۿ΢죬ȴڶ鶯Ĺӳĵµһֱ
ϫһ˼£ѩУʼ̳ʱ˵𡭡
ƽȻûκΣѩȴʱϲʱŭʱʱԹò
Ҳųϫ˵崣ѡ
֪ʱ裬ڳϫѩǰϣҲϢƵһ࣬ţζӳ£˼ǧ
ˣ裬һһѩһԳϫ
ʱվףñط֮΢İУҲʱУųϫһܽ⡢ɢ
̫òв֪֮ϲʴӣ˴˽Զ޷ƽ
ű˴һʱһЩ־õάϵȥѪˮؽǱĬںϡ
飬ע޷ºͿĥʴ



2034 ھſͼ
ڽԼЩľʱϫһֱͼԼࡢκεĸɫʡ
Ͼ̳뿪֮ĴССʵ̫࣬ǶһһϸҹҲꡣ
ɼˣҲʱŰһж֮ѩͳ
˵գϫЩڸˮ
һУѩݱãվ̲סᡣ
ʵû뵽ЩԼӾ˶ĥѺգһ뵽һжԼ뿪йأͽסھΣȻ¡
ϫˣæסѩοһöԷԻָƽ
һУ뵽˾þõĳĬУͬΪϫЩ۲ѣעģȴǳϫЩ鱳
ǳͼƬڤ̫ۡϽ̡ȵȵȵȡ
ֱã̧ͷ˿ϫлҪ˵ֹ
ôˣ
ѩע⵽˳
ֳĬƬ̣ǺȻһ󳩿֮ĴЦ𵴷ѩС
ֻ̫ˣû뵽ǲֹŮŮˣ
üɫ裬Ͳ㵸ˣַĵϲãѩܵȾ¶һĨЦݡ
ϫʱȻղҲ԰ֶ褡ӳ°Ůŵֶ±Ů֥ܿһһ˵ˡ
ֻҲû뵽֪һУø׳˸ˣֱϲɫԽ
ܿ죬ϫҲοѣΨЩźǣʱ˿̣޷͵ܵܳžһ
ˣűǢ࣬û־ñ֮Զİ֮С

ϫȻѾУҲ˽һЩйҵ顣
̸֮󣬳ɫȻࡣ
˽һЩ
ϫ˵ͷѹãҪ֪
ʵһжҵǰһЩϵ
Ƭ̣ǰңϲеһᣬΪһЩԵɺϣҲ뵽һ֮սУҲʱҴӷ֮ɽϻһرҲΪر׸ıҵ켣
֮սһ֮ƾһر֮忪ʼսѪƴڴһƬ磬峹׳ΪһеȲ塣
ʱң緢־ܵ˵İӵ̫ҲƴӣνǷ
˵ǰ£ü䲻¶һĨ֮ɫӡڼеľ޷ĥġ
˵⣬üȻȻһ̾ɫѱЩįʹࡣ
ʱ嶼ȫ֧ңϣҴǼսҪóĸһٳΪϵȲ塣
ɵȴһ⣬һرվɱһЩţ֮Ҳ췣ۣ֮Ҫرߡ
ߣԸˣ
ɫУѴһĨ֮ɫգƴɵ֮Σգ䱣סرȴѡתޡ
ֻҲû뵽ת֮Ƿ֮ɲŹңǿʼƾ̫Ͻ̵Ըҡ
תΪ̫Ͻ̴˳̫飬ҪƾݣܿΣգû룬ȴ̫Ͻʶƣʧܡ
תΪɽŵˣɽԼֻû뵽ɽʦ뿪ɻ̫ܵϽ̵İ㡣
ٺתΪѧԺƸϧǹһ񡣡
һϵеʧʶһ⣬ܽһرȥתٴΣվһֱȺ
˵⣬ǺȻһĨζЦ⣬һľ֤ôȷġ
һرȥˣ
ϫסʵ

Ŀ⿴ϫЦѰζûа̫Ͻ̣Ҳûнˡ
ϫȻǾ˭
㡣
һѩЦ
ϫʱһ𣬳Ծң
ʵ벻Լʲôʱһرˡ
ǳ𣿡
ϫ²
ǣǳǷ֮ɲǷ֮ɽϡ
ѩҡͷ
ڤ¼аʣ
ϫ׷ʡ
Ҳǣڤ¼аǵڤ֮
ѩٴҡͷ
ǸòǺͼƬɣ
ϫšü˼ãŲȷ
ѩЦЦĬˡ
ϫǴ˱
һĳٵθڣЦǴ˱ȴͼƬһ
˶٣ϫӦϹоſͼƬ֪ͼѵģ
⣬ҲųϫõһɻΪǰ˸ԪУͼһֱģֱһԪУΪ˾ſ飡
ôѵģ
ĿƣֱԵƾ޵֮Ƕ޷ѺͼģǱģ

ϫ𾪣סһɴû뵽ͼǱϣ֮飡
̫ˣ޷
˭ţһﶯ֣
˱Ƿкͼ޴ӿ֤Կ϶ǣ֮ԴУκζҪϣһ˸ԪıǨ𣬴УƾѰҵռ֮;
ɫֻ࣬ô¹ȥҲδѰٵռ֮ط
ȥŵأӦǰ˸ԪӦߣԶӵкͼһ˳ɹ
һԪͬͼҲòͬΪſ飬£һУȻǰݵ֮͡
翡鲼£άϵԪתΪҪͼҲ
һһɣѲʲôʶ顣
Ϊڷ֮ɽϻһرʱԼ֪һͼƬ
͸һĨɣ˵ĳ
ʲô
ϫҲЩ޷ƽ
һ֡
ĬƬ̣³һɬ֮

ϫʱҲһĪУһڷ֮ɽϵĺͼƬΪһررһ֣
⡭ֱ˼
ϫ͵ʲôʧѵǵھſͼ
˵ͷ
ˡ
ϫ׻֮ǰһֱ˼ھſͼΪʱԼһ˿û˵
ʹѩСҲʹɽʦ˴ʦŵ棬Ҳʾ
һУóϫѰǵھſͼƬһϣã֮УΪһĽᡣ
ʱŵ길״ӷ֮ɽϻõһرȻǵھſͼƬʱõóϫһֲ˼Ļ֮С
Ҫǣ֮ǰ׻֮˵ںܾǫͰرԼ
óϫ𺳵ĵط


2035 ǰ
𾪣ϫ˿ҲˣǰĳΪλ۷ʱ̣ѡתޡ
һУǰǵھſͼ͡
뻤֮սżȻӷ֮ɽϻǵھſͼӴ˷ɱ䡣
ƾ˱սĸһռ磬һԾ̤еȲС
ҲΪ˱óɱҪжߵھſͼȻճס˴˱ȴȲòѡתܿļ
Ȼת֮󣬳δܱܿһת֮󣬷ֻҪЯŴ˱Ʊػһֱ׷ɱȥ
ǣս˱ԼĶӳϫ

ֻǣϫأ벻׵ǣԼʲôʱھſͼΪԼ֪
δ̽£Ǽ˵ҲǺҲŷһͼƬ˿ȫͬѱһصΪһ֡
ֲʵ̷̡ˮˮ转ҺȴֲѪҺ¶ȴֺʵ˿͸
дһ˿죬һô˱ʱȴȴ̺һõʱ֪й౾ԴУ򡢵⡢򡭡ݣ
ϫһ𵴣㲻š
޵;ĸƾԼǻȥйУҲֻԼ֪ĵ⣬ҲΪÿһ޵ߵĵ;ǧǧ򣬸вͬԭڡ
ܹŵԴУ֪жԣεȾ˵Ӱ졣
Բɱ䣬ֻһ·ȥͿһٴ۷壡
ֻǿϧת֮һͼе㱻ѹԱ֪򡭡ҲɲпУҲȻα̫Ͻˡ
̾һ
ܱѹ
ϫȻ
˻ܣһͼȴ԰쵽Ҳ˵ԭʲô
ȻҲ˼⣬ԺԥһҲֻѹһСְˣ򡭡ĺͼĿܻᱻΪſˡ
ϫԣס૵ֲãҵ췣֮ʱʶеĺͼƬһ޵ĲԭǱ顣
飿
ϫɿѵԼڷ֮ԨʱͼƬͻȻ춯Կ췣֮ۡһһ˵һ顣
ԣȻ⻹һԳɱ
ϫʼ磺Ҳôá
룬˵һֱһо֮ԻͼҲҪ̲صܾΪУֻǺͼ϶Ըʶ֮󣬻ΪſƬɢ£ΨֻһͼƬãҲҴӷ֮ɽϻõһͼƬ
Ͼʱһô˺ͼƬʱѾۻΪһصġ֣ҵʱȡߣɵڻڶʳ״ŭ
ҲΪˣҲֱܹӴпŵԴУҵΪͻͽ˴һƬټɽ
ֱҽתޣһ鱻ۻĺͼŻָڵ֮ѹ
˵⣬ֲһ䣺ȻһжԼĲ²⣬ǷˣҲֻ֪ˡ
ϫ˼β˵²⵹ҲҪжǷȷȴǺѡ
ȻЦЦĿ⿴ϫԣʵѣϾӵĺͼ
ϫüëһЦףʲôʱǵھſͼˣΪһ֪
һŽ𰸣һһ٣ɫ㻹ûʱ뵽УΪһ֡
ˣ
һӣϫֱ׻һڣûʱԼӵǵھſͼ
ôܣ
ΪЩԼһֱһ֪һоûУ
ǵҸղ˵ôھſͼƬѱΪһ֣أˮѪκﶼȫͬ
ףǺͼһƬֻڶһˡ
Һĸһڤ֮ƾڶŵµļ䣬ҵɽʦµһǳ
Ҫ뿪ʱȴܵһЩ׷ɱЩԲǣֻû뵽ǣ̫ϽҲɳǰʱΪĸѻ£֮£ֻѡ
ʱ̫ϾҺĸҲòĴ㣬Ǳ㽫ǳӡһ׹УǵھſͼġĸײڣҵʱϣҲҪסĸΪڣǵĺҲˡ
ֻǶû뵽ǣһصġ֣ĸڲ춯ˮһ㣬뵽̥Уʩչκΰ취Ҳȡ
˵⣬ȻҡͷʱɰŻˣΪ޷סֻǺһֱûʲô쳣ǰġ
ٺǷ̳ǣûĸױ㣬ҲǵھſͼѴȡʱͳ׷κ뷨
˰ɣûͼƬҲԲҵټзһһõɱ١
˵⣬Ŀ⿴ϫڣӦˣǵھſͼƬѳΪһ֣˭ҲԽȡߡ
һУϫȴ޷ƽ
Ȼû뵽һȥۣ֮û뵽ǵھſͼԼδʱΪԼһ֣
һжԵô˼õóϫһʱȫ
ɺܿ죬ϫɻûסʵǣΪֱҲûиܵھſͼĴڣ
ʵѵû֣һʼʱ֮˭Ϊεͨ죬޷͸񣿡
ϫͫȻһԭҵ񣿡
̫ˣ
ԭΪԼڻһЩͼƬ֮ƾǵԼ˱ڱΣԱݳ
ֻû뵽һԼǰѾעˣ
Ȼֻǵھſͼ֮һΪʼ֮ʱԳ׸ܵĴڡ

˴
ϫһ૲ѡ
˽̫֪飬Ҳ⿪вٵɻ󣬴ʱȻ֮࣬һֲʵĸо
ھſͼ
ͼѵԭ
Լھſͼȥ
һж̫˼飬˭һʱҲѳ׽һˡ
ֱãϫŴӳ˼ѣɫѻָƽע⵽ĸһ࿴ԼĿйػ֮⡣
жʱһůЦûµġ
û¾ͺá
Цĳϫ
ףȻѱ֮ܿɱ٣ΪҪĸط壬ǵ˹Ѻ
ϫȻһ£̲ס˳


2036 
ԣһĬ
һѩˣסȻ˵Ҫ£ֺαһֱģοҲûʲô˵ġ
ϫȻµıԭֻҲǸ׳һ޷Ĩƽ˰̡
ϫԭҲ޷һжǰ£ҪסҪȥƽ̫ࡣ
һŵһǵھſͼ֮˷仯ǵλΪȨͳͳ˳գһжЩ
ΪʱǣǿĽϹŶϣ峤֮λˣ˿֮ȼ磬Դ̤õھſͼ֮һжˡ
ĹâȫڸǣûȥעĽдҲһмϡ
գΪھſͼԭٵɱʱһ󡣡
ңֻתϢ̫Ͻ̣
˵⣬ɫڸ֮ɫʹࡢȻʧ䣬ǰǳձϾ׵ܵܣΪֳܶԴ˲ʹģ
ϫжʱһĨâǰĸ׵׵ܵܰΪ޺ʧ䣬Լֳ
ֱˡ
һɲǣϫ˴βμǳ̳˾һĻĻǳΪ˶ԸԼϧõһбӼֶΡ
һʱ֮䣬ϫɫҲ䵭кⱼڡ
һжѹȥҲѲˣǰ£ȥɡ
̾˿˻֣ЩɺԸἰ¡
ףȻˣΪҪִⷵ壿ǿǰĸ׵
ϫü
ˡ
ЦЦζҺĸ֮ԷأֻΪ˱ȫˡ֮ˣκˡ
ϫʱһΪΣ
ԭܼ򵥣̫ϽŹҵġ
ҴβĸʱСй¶٣̫Ͻͽɱ٣֮£ֻܱ硣
˶٣ϹУ̫Ͻ̵ɲⱣΨһܹ뵽İȫ֮أȻˣã̫忴ǰĶϣҺĸף򡭡ֻء
˵󣬳ѽסһĨЦ
ϫ뵱Լβ龰ʱ˸ĸʱĴ
ΪʱʦƺʦἰʱȣСʦ붼㱻̫ɱɱ
̫ɱձ𣬿ƺȴ޷ɱҲη׷뿪ǰϹС
д˱֪򸾵ʱĴҲˣֻܱ֮ȶߡ
ֻǣóϫǣ֮ط壬ĸǾΪ˱ѡ
룬Ҳʱ̫ϽΪ弫֮һ죬֮ģֱָ
ǳϫԼҲǰ㣬ѡλڻĸеĳΪ֮
ɡΪζˣ
ϫɶԴ˺ܲ⡣
ʼҲû취飬ұϾѲˣΪҶ̫Ͻ̣壬Ҳֻܳ䵱һ˽ɫڴˣѾǺ廮ֿϵһ̫Ͻ̼֪£Ҳϲȥҳ鷳
ϫŻȻ׹
ȻֻҺĸףԼ̫񻹶ڹ
ڲһ䡣
ϫüף̫ϽΪҪִȥԸ
֪̫Ͻ̺Ĺϵ
ʡ
̫Ͻ̲ǰһˡ
ϫЦ
ȻˣӦףҶǷ֮ɽϵĵھſͼƬ֮ޣôԡеԾӵ̫ϽȻŹҡ
ҲЦ
ӶЦȤʱԱߵѩ̿һЦ
ǰͱنЩԹˣǺòһԵ˵һЩĵ飬ĪҪЩɨ¡
ѩЦ
ϫͳһۣҲݸ
ֻУϫᶨ˲̫Ͻ̵ͷʱ̫Ͻ̾һֱþֶҪԸ
֪׳ЩҲһֱڱ̫Ͻ׷ɱóϫɿܻ޶ԣ

ϲһžۡ
ʱѩһã̫ӰƮȻ
档
һֵлȫ
ֵ̫һжСһԼȡģϷûٹϵлҡ
˵⣬Ŀ⿴˿ϫȻЦСһǳս뵽ǻ֮ս˰ɣ
ѩȻϫµ棿
ϫ˵ͷ
ʱ֮䣬ɫЩӣų̫ǰȻѲټƽϣΪλҪҶӲϽ
̫üȻϷҲˣǡĳУ˭˿ɿΣ
ʱĬȻ
ģϷ򲻻ͬĴٴηο⻤֮սСһԣγһѵõĻԵ
̫
̾˿ųϫ㡭
ϫ룬ŵһԣץס˴λ֮Ǿٺòˡ
ʱȻʶʲôЦҡͷҵˣѾεΪҲԣﵽһԵץסһлȥǺųͨĵ֮
ѩҲ۾͵ʶԼΪزղֻź̸Ȼһ㡣
ʱϫҲŲĸǶ˵Ϊֻ񾳵ز񶼲ǡ
һֲۣøĸǱҲֲֻݶСЩ̫꣬Ͻ޿ײ׷Ҳ˲ٿɣ
ֻǿϧСһҲԸӦ壬ϧˡ
̫Ȼ̾˿
ѩһۣĻ̫˼˿ɲԼˡ
̫ˣüҡͷЦѣҲԼĻҪóϫСһ壬ϣãˡ
ˣǼɣϷиǡ
̫תȥӰܿʧڷѩС
Ŀ뿪֮󣬳ɫӵΣվǴҲֻǿϧҲΪ
ϫˣȻףܾ壬ѾӦλ棬ԺʲôǲزԹˡ
ͷãð
ѩЦѡ
ףĸף뿪ɣλʦֻߵȺ򡣡
ϫ˵
ѩտȣΰ㣬ɲøĸˡ
ɳϵأѩҡͷڻ뿪ʱ򡣡



2037 ҴҰ
ڻ뿪
ϫΪʲô
ѩһۣŵҺĸǰʱӦ̫һ£һֵĻ֮ս֮ǰ뿪
˶٣񡭡ʱ䷽Լ
ϫüͷΪ
ͷʼȻ̫ðôգϧΥԸҲ⻤壬ػĿ̫ð˴ϣʧԼ
ϫ׹ס̾˿֪ĸǾĵطĸɵڶƤ£δ̫Σˡ
ЦЦ֮£ȫ֮
ϫ޷ȰסĿ⿴һѩͼȰ
ʧǣѩЦҡͷٲȻһҪͳͬͬ˵ļơ
óϫʱһͷۣĿģΪ˽߸ĸĿѾɣû뵽ǣĸȴΪһԼʹ뿪óϫβ᣿
ϫü̾ϢǣǵΪҪӦʲô֮ս֮ǰ뿪ѵлʲôɣеĻȥһǳ̫Σ
ҡͷϫΪǺãǵľ
Դƽȴ͸һɲɵ
ѩһϫ㸸Ҳڳǰ飬ѻָǰ䣬ӵĸִУһЩطֻԼһʱ򣬳̫ҲӦ㸸׾ʹ뿪
˵⣬ѩһȰһιǰ鳥ˣҲǺͳ峹׻ֽ޵ʱκιϸ򡭡㸸һӿ»ĻݣʳѰ
ϫһУ뵽˾þõĳĬС
ڸĸԸ;Ȼأһ뵽ɻҪﱻˡ֮ãоΪζ
ϫĪҪ飬㻹ҪǰĸУ뻤֮սʱһ˾Ϳһ뿪ˡ
ѩЦ˵
뻤֮սʱҲԸһЩָ㣬ϾҵǰУӵйػ֮սһо޷̫æԿܿա
Ҳһ
ϫˣ̾˿ЦʼҲӦˡ
ѩһЦοѡ

Ĵ⡣
̸Σ
ϫӰ߳ѵȺĳ̫庬Цʵ
ǰȡ˵ԼҸĸھ뿪ұصм
ϫ˵һ䣬̬Щ䵭
ǺǣԼԣĿȡȥ㸸ףִ뿪߾Բ
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ϫ̲סߵ֪ҸϲҳΥԵ°ɣ
ЩӲ̫岻̾˿СһӦǳ壬Ϸ򲻹֮ҲȻ̳ȥǸĸǸ뿪
̫ʱҪԼԸõóϫסһ㶼̲סۡ
ðΣһһٵܣ
˵գתȥ
һǿСһ
̫Ȼૣ֪ϷΥԵĻ֮ͷǷӦ
˵̫廹׷ȥСһʹ뿪𣿡
Ҫ֮ãƳ׻ָˣҲ١ǰòҪ뿪ɣ
ϫͷҲص
֮ǰһ̳˾УһͳµԪˮƼɱҲۣټϱ߱񹦵ĺ֢õóϫ״ֹۡ
Ȼ֮ѡ֮ãҪĿĵΪˣֻһ㸸ĸˡ
ꣿ
̫崽ǺȻһĨЦ⣬а˼⣬ûãʱٶȰ⼸ΣͲСһﲻӦˣӦٸһЩݿܵĺô
Щ֪ΪĻʯϹŶΪóϫоϧɷѿĵҲ֪θˡ

Сʦܣأ
Сʦܣأ
⣬ѩ볯ϫ֡
֪ϫҪʱ鸸ĸ֮ѩеѡȥ
˿ɲʲôˣܹͬϫһһĸѾǺܲס
񣬸鶼ѽҲͲٶȥ
ǰ˽ӻĸзϹ·ͼһݣϫԷ·;ʧ
Ͼĸλڷ֮ɽ£ʵ̫ңԶټһ·ϳգ·ͼָ㣬ǳϫڣҲȻˡ
һѩ뿪壬ϫѡ£֮࣬Ϊ鸸ĸ

Ѵע⣬ҪСӲ뻤֮սеĳµԪ

СҲӦˣ

ҲԴ˲޷

һտĵУɫӰЩðβ̾Ϣô˵ڻ֮սĻ֮ǰֻܽڴˣһˣ

̫ǰһƬĮκ
ΪʲôСҳϺᣬƾʲôҪԪȥμӻ֮սֱǻ
ɫȻüȵ
ûܹǳϵĺᣬֻǶǷֳܱ㹻Ľ̬ȡ
̫ɫȻ˵ѾģͬҲĪҪˣĴȻȥˣɲ˭ͻԣʱĪҪһٴ
˵գȥ
źȻպϣһƬİС
ԭأɫ粻žޱȵֱã૵ǳϿڻһΥ鱾Ǵˣô
͵һĨȻʱģǱҡȥɣ
Ϻ󣬳Ӱһƾʧͬʱһ
ūȥЩӷеһУͳͳҴȥ۲κκͳͳɱ𣡡

ʱˮҴǽȥ
ĸ⣬һԼӰһĨǿеӰϢس֡
޳ɬһŶ֮ϣ俴ݣȴһ־Ķǰ֮
Ѿȥôãô֡
һ̾ϢȻЩį
ʱһ̸͵شǻĸеһλд
ǰ͡
Сһ治̻һЩʱ䣿㲻ӦϷҲɲ˴Ҵ뿪
߶Ҳ١
ˣˣȥɣһ·Сģأ
ǰǡ
δ£һεӰǴһλзӶһƬ
һϮ忡Ȼǳϫ


2038 һ·

ֱ߳ĸϫһһ뵽һУһЦѡ
УѾƳ޸ʵָˮ׼
ңôʱѾʼȥڵԪġ֮ӡУǳ
ֻóϫεǣǳ̫徹ʱУÿ죬ͻǰѰþְ취ͼóϫ塣
Ȼһⶼϫܾˣʱ䳤ˣõóϫЩͷᡣ
ʶʱ仹ûͻ𼱻ǵ뿪˳壬ٲԸ̫һۡ
ԷǱԷħִ̬ȸŵˣڸղ뿪ʱ̫廹أੲݣͼ³ϫ£ϫĿܴӦˡ
һ̣嫵ǿУһ뵽ӴԺڲټ̫壬ϫʱóĺá
ηɽ㿪ʼչֻҪʲô⣬ǻ֮սʼ֮ǰ̤뵽֮
ϫĬĬ˼Ƭ̣óλʦ·ͼһȻӰһɳԶǿȥ
ǰ֮ɽµĻĸʱΪѩж˴·õóϫһ·˳صִڴˣˣǸ·Ҳķʱ䡣
ηֻʣ³ϫһˣճϫݣƾԼŲٶȣʮҵʱ䣬ſطϹ
ʮ꣡
ֻΪ˸·һ붼ΣҪǣһ·ϻأ
֮ɽͻĸ֮ҲᱻˣԹڲ˽·;£ǵǿߣϲðȻǰ
д˱֪һ·ϵպͼ
Ȼӵ·ͼĳϫԣջУֻҪСһЩоյطء


ʱղתơ
ϫȫŲǿУһĨ磬һţٶȿ쵽˼¡
ڸ·ʱҲûţԺĬĬйء֮ӡеİء
ڳһ̳˾õóϫʶЩԪӡļֵڡ
ֱΪƾҩ㣬ֻҪǵİسײΪУóϫһͻƾ磬κνƿ
֮ǰ֮ӡ֮ӡˣõΪ½ͻƣֱΪز
дҲԤϫ֮ӡĴȫ͸ΪУΪȻٸһ¥
ţ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫȻü̲ס̽Ѱһȴûзκ쳣
Ź֣һص·̫أСһЩΪס
ϫһԷŻ˷ɶٶȣΪڸղһɲǣвطһĨȻ·ڱһֱڸԼһ
źǣָоһţҪ̽ʱѾѷʲô
ɶʱ䣬ϫüëٴһȻֹǿУһԺɨܡ
һȻɱҲ֮Ӷ
ѣѾβôãβһ
ƽȴ͸һ˵ɱ֮
ܼžΨгϫռǿлصš
ϣ
ϫذνɨһȦ嫽ԳϫΪĺȻɢȥ֮ǳ顢ʱݡԲʮﷶΧڵһУ촷ۡ
ǵ龰ֱһ籩ŻԵĿɲ
ֱһĻûκ쳣ûκε˵ټֳ
óϫüͷѲƵһĨ衣
ָ˿̣ѾȷԼȻһ·׷ţƹ֮㣬˦Ѳ
ʱķɶУߴθܵһ˿Ϣɶһš
Ե̫Ѱˣ
ϫĬãһ૵Ȼ㲻Ǿͱҵʱץס㣬㲻ˣ
ৣ
ûٵʱ䣬ϫٴ̡

û뵽ӵĸ֪֮ڶԿƵطȴʵ˼顭
ڳϫӰ뿪ãһԼٻӰֶȻһŶ֮ϣԵ֮
ɽһ˲Ӱٴʧһ˿Ϣû£ֱһ㡣
ҲڴʱϫӰٿȻأɱһǹȻղŵ뿪ֻ˶Ŀˡ
ֻóϫʧǣεжʧˡ
Ұ㾾
ϫɫ䵭ɱʮ㣬ӰһٶŲƶȥ
ĻҲֲܹΪĩ֮߳ĵһˡ
һĨԼӰ֣֮ųϫȥĵط˼Ƭ֮ٶ׷ȥ

졣
ϫһֱ񾭽ʮ㣬׷Լ˭ˣóϫСĽ
ϫɻǣʱûи֪һ˿ͺԷƾʧһ㡣
Լľ汻
϶ǣ
ϫɲΪһܹμԼĶ֣׷׷Լ
һֻ֤ԷͬҲʼС
ǵˣʱҲöˣϾ˻ĸķ룬ɱԼԲõڶ֪ˡɶԷȴƫƫţٳٲж˵ѣԷΪֲЩˡ
ϫ벻ͨһ·ľҲЩͳ
ò˵һӻĸϹ·;ʵ̫ңԶһ·ϳǿգǸֿɲ˵䡣
ʱճϫڶⱬƷǺӷ籩ÿһ䶼һֱ䣬ԻһеĿֲ˵ǳϫڣǵǿ߱Уֻº
ǳϫλʦµһ·ͼ˵һ
ȻһȻֻԶֹĳϫɵɵģһһֱ׷Լ粻׽Ķ֡

ŲƷɶʱ䣬һ·ƽ˾κ䷢õóϫҲӦһС
ȶڻɣһδĶǷѾ뿪ˡ
ĵֱǸ߳ϫԷһֱڣֻδԼˡ
ţ
һ죬ϫһƬµϵŲƣȻͫһȻŻٶȡ
ʱǿУԶںХſɲġ֮硱֮ǳΪĩ٣ʱձʴΪһƬһƬɲĴѷ졣
ΨнһǹϱһƬƽδƻ
ϫȴھԼ֮ңǿУȴһΣյϢ
һ޵ߣ
Ϊǿ̾ƬǿеߣԼǿơ
ʵҲˣִܹһƬبϹͻĸ֮ǿеģĿһѰ
ͬʱܹޱߵǿżȻһλ޵ߣȸʿʵ̫Сˣ
óϫòɣԷƺѵȺΪľԼ
Ȼڳϫͷ˸֮ʣԶǿȻһĮгϵ
ϫܾˣ


2039 ڶ
ǿգֱϫ֮
һ˲䣬ϫͫײУжϳԷȺڴˣȻΪԼ
ԭأзɿ˼⣬¾Բɺϣô˭й¶Լټ
ƬبϹͻĸ֮ããĪ⣬ǰϫλʦ뿪ɽǰǻĸʱɽһڵӶ֪¡
ʶжϳ¶Ȼɽй¶
ңϫ˴δӻĸ뿪ʱ֪Ҳ٣Ϊ˱֤ϫİȫҲֻг̫֪¡
̫ųϫܹǻ֮սȻʱƻϫˡ
Ҳų̫ɡ
᲻ǳգ
ϫ˼ȥ˵Լ֪ԼһٵģƺҲֻǳĳˣ
ôǷ
ϫ޷жϣѽΪͷˣѾ׳ǰʱܵй¶ܣõóת֮Ҳð̫ܵϽ̵ķ׷ɱ
Ȼյɹ飬ѱٸɳڶΣ
ЩͷʯڳϫһţΣϫѿȷ˿̾ھԼǿ֮һֲϢȻ߲ƣ
ңϫȷһֲϢڱһֱ׷ԼǸ֡
ǰлǣ׷
ϫ̾˿һԨȴǷһĨ֮ɱȻתԴս׼
ĪҪñԳȥ㣿
һϣ羪װٴ¡¡ǿС
뵹ǲˣԲлһм
ϫԭأȻڣȻûһ˿ǰе˼
Ȼ˿УԶںХſɲġ֮硱һк룬ڴˣǰһˡ
жûԷӦһΪεĴڣ
ϫڤ˼룬Ҳʵ벻ϹУԼʲôʱҲһˡ
ϾϹУĿҲϡ֮ǵеĶУҲٸҲֻе弫УŲȱȼĴڡ
ȻһвҪƴϫȫɵԷĵһﲢǹһǰ
ðȻǰ˵ͻһѾĲúõУǺǲ
ԲлСӺôĵӣԭһȫʬȴıˡֹҪɱ㣬Ҫңɢ
ЦУ¡һһֲϢȻչж
֮һֻϯ·ϵǳʯʱն׷ױԵðԵ֮
䣡
ûһڹ⻯ΪԣɢһƬǿնǣϫݺɱȥ
һĻ̫ɲǰĸ֮ǰĳϫҲֻܣâ
ڡ
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ĶԾǵײ֪£˲䣬ɢƬУǺŰϵġ֮硱һ˲һӦõƬǿնȻһĳС
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һҲ˲ǰ·ǿأΪƬǿյƽѱƣǿɲ֮ѿʼӣһУֱûʲô
ʱͱˣ룡
ȡ
ˡ
ͬʱǧڴִ˷ӿ˴ݺύһǵصĴһٽϫ·Ҫѹɥ֮С
һɲǰǿй֮ɢõüĳϫһ뵽һ᧿ΣĴС
ı״òƬ̣ͻɥУ

ϫһӿڻ棬ӿϽ
һͷڷٿȻΪѩɫ糹ȼһĨ貵Ĺ⣬ǿգһ޿ƥ֮ţ
߱񹦣
Σʱ̣ϫǺɣٴζһ츳
ҲǱƵģΪ̫ǿ󣬶սУسſɲ֮磬ǿ߶ɵֵĿɲϫĸκαˡ
䣡
غǧȻһĨ貵ĽƿΪ
Ҳһɲǣϫڿ˶ֵģ
һѪۡĻҷӣڹ磬ڳɲ˵ֶ֮
һλ̫Ͻ̺۴˾
ִ磬Ϣʵóϫ̫Ϥˣϲѣ
̫Ͻʵ֣Էͽ洫ӡϡ۴˾̫ʥȼ
ܹΪ۴ģҪôǵ۾ڣҪôڣȻ־綼һΨһĲǷӵС򾳱Դ֮
һλӵоΪĺ۴֣óϫĻ᲻ף˴ҪԸԼģ̫Ͻ̣
һ뵽ǰ׳һֱܶԷȺԼҲͬܲԷƹΣϫоͽסӿһɲƵŭ⡣
䣡
ƿǻҷӵ֮󣬳ϫӰֽͣٴɱȥ
ţ
ƻȻû뵽ϫսһ˲䷢˷츲صı仯ǻҷӵҲȻһ
ȥ
ҷХָ͵ؼһտȻ͸ĺɫƣоֶڹ⣬һڿգͷųɫֶ棬ˮ㣬ϫкȥ
ڶƣ
һ̫Ͻ̵鱦
˿̱ҷԾ֮ͷųĺڶ֮Ƭǿնٻ
أ
Ȼһ˲䣬һĨǽһյڶƤɳȥ𶯣һƬ߲Ѻۣ
ۣ
ǻҷݾ䣬ܷɣ̲סȳһѪ
Сɴ˿̳ϫ߱ڳļ̳˾УϫܹһԿλһλļлսܻѰ
ʩչ֮߱󣬳ϫһϮڳµԪķ񹥻£أܹǳơˮһٻ壬֪ϫսɱĺεȿ¡
µԪǺһеһǿߣӵ̣ƿعϴУۼսλ̫Ͻ̵ĺ۴˾ҲҪѷڳµԪ
£Բܵסϫķâˡ
䣡
һڶ֮󣬳ϫٴɱϽֱԷüĶȥ

ǻҷɫһ䣬ʶѡܣӰǿб˶ȥ
ϫɲʹ˷ŹԷӰΣҧŶԷټ粽ã
͸̫Ͻ֮һζԷɣҪطϹ·;ϽɱóϫҲǳ׶ŭ
νۺ죬£ϫɿܷŹԷˣ


2040 
ҷһˣصľ롣
ǾܣŲٶ֮죬ֱǼʴҪǿ󣬾Ͷ֮䣬ܻһϵ
УϫӰΣͣʼŶԷüģѽҪɱڶԷϡ
ֱǱ˵ĽâңңԷüĴ̳һ˺ۣѪʡ
ǻӵҲвϱ任ʼľŭȻţѱ˺Ȼ㤡־֮ɫʶϫǳǿ֮
ۼϫҪ׷Σʮֵʱ̣ϫüһٿȻֹ׷
ԭɱƵ忡ϣǺطһĨء
ͬʱһ̸𡪡
û뵽ľǱСһɱزʵñһ
Ȱ죬ͬѰƫƫҪһ˽ɱڴӣԵͷ˰ɣ
ĪҪֻӵȷϢǰ㣬սһֳĵزٽ
ǿٿȻֳӰ
һ꣬ߣԶһϮѪۣͷųԾĿֲϢȻڸղǻӣȻλ̫Ͻ̵ĺ۴룬εǿߣ
ǱĵĻųһɫͱѿ֮
ξһУֱ棬һ뵽ղһߵľ㤸УеһԵļɵ
ʱһ˶ǿУԶһϮѪۣƸ죬ȴ޲ԳھǿϢԵüΪˡ
ڶ棬ϫɫ֮
ȻһıѾõҲͬһˣλ
һжƺ֤̫Ͻսɱ䣬Ŀɳλ
ȲεĴڣֻһλһѹǿˣοʱλ
ȴֱʣҲֻ̫Ͻóˡ
ô죿
ϫͷӿʶһǿ֮ΣС
ֻǶԸһϫҲɵ̫࣬ĿԽԷɱ
ǶԸλǾͻˣҪߣԷȻҲסԼ
ǶԸλǾͱ˵ԿӶݵĻᶼãѿþһݡ
Ȼһ̺ͬλѾ㹻κе
ϫ˿ûоѳȵףʶ̫Ͻ̴˴Ϊ˶ԸԼ˱ɱ֮ģ

Щ˵ʵԶڶ̶̼֮ɡ
λ̫Ͻ̺۴֣Ǳѹɱ֮˼Ϣ
̫ɲ
λֻΪԸϫһȥû˻ˡ
Ͼ˭Դ벻̫Ͻ̻ʦˡ
û뵽Ϊ˶Ըĳλ۴뾹һ濴ĳ
ϫɫȻƽڣ˵ʱһֱ˼֮ơ
û취Ѿǳеı֣ĹҲò
һģĺ۴˹ڣģ٣һģʵ̫ϽеĵλҪߵλҪһЩ
ΪھУսҲʤһ
һ仰óϫһȻڳеһУѾ֪ˣһбȻڰйܣ
Ҳ²ⲻӦǳոǵһаɣ
ϫ
Ǻǣ̫Ͻ̶ԣҪ֪һЩ飬ǿ̫򵥲ˡ
ЦȻô˵϶ţԼȥԣѾҪˣô
ɲãƴһƴһ޷ɱȫȴұ֤еκһˮ
ϫɫûвգκһ˿
һ仰Щ̫Ͻ̺۴ԶײУͨղһսѾжϳϫսȷͬѰ˵԰쵽һ
ˣǴʱ䣬ϧǣ˴νѾ´˱ɱעһ٣ɡԣȰ㻹ĪҪˣֻһ˲飬βѣҲܸĥ֮ࡣ
Ц˵˵һ޺ģʵĳ顣
ѣûֻأϿһܹ׵Ľѡ
ȻϫзһĨ֮ɫ
ֻأ
ͫƤһʲôš
ְɣѿڹʱ䣬ȲԸʹǾԹ
Ц϶ȻֳһĨŨɱõ˵䣬ɱ壬Ѫʮ㡣
䣡
޳ָſ͵һƬǿպȻݣΪɲ˵ĺڶ¡ϫ֮Ӷȥ
֣
ͬʱλ۴Ҳ뺷Ȼ
ˡ
һΰ״ӿգоγɱͷųƥķâ
ৡ
һ࣬һѪĳɫ߸֣Ѫ۽ǵɢ
䣡
һԾ˸ĺɫ״ײһƬ߲ҵĺɫ绡ݺݳϫȥ
һӣλʩչֲͬϵɱϫǵ龰㿰Ǿסɲ˼¡
Ƭǿն𶯣ǳ顢ʱ׷ױ飬ΪһƬһƬĿĵǿѷڶ
˵ǳϫһλڴˣҲᱻŵøεѣκء
ϫ㣬ɵһĻʱɽסľëȻܵһΣϢ
ΪҪǣΣ֮ʱ̣͵һĵڶը
Сѣּˣϧıǰһˡ
ǱǵĹ֣̺ƸһͨõóϫԭޱȵĵĶ͵һ׻Ҫ
ͬʱϫڲڼԶĵطٴθֳһޱȵӰ
ܲ˫ǣ׷ϡ裬һλߣֻгϫ֪Էһλڣ̫Ͻһλµʥ롪ӵ
ڵ弫־ٰ۵ϣϫԷΣǰŵʱԷҲѩѩڤµһ
ϫʦѩɱĦٵӵʦܣ
ֻóϫû뵽ǣһ̫Ͻֹ̲λоȻһλųͨĵֱͬ޷
¾ѩǶ벻Ϊ˶Ըϫһˣ̫Ͻ̾˿ֲ
Ȼһ̫Ͻֹ̲ǶٲȻǰѳϫͷŴпѲϫκһ˿ᣡ
һ˵ʵǧ֮һɲɣһӵһõóϫףԼһοڽˡ



2041 ڽ
εȷڽˡ
ȷóϫԭܼ򵥣ݡģ
¶ԷӵλΣ
¶ԷһλΪͨĵ
ƴһ̣Է
ɱ
һɲϫꡢ糹ȼƥϽɫӳأƬ
ڹӵĽԽѪź
ɱ
λĹɱϫĽҲѾõľȻʣ
䡭
һĨʢ¡ҫ۵£Ҳ貵µĴִӿգƬǿն𶯣ɲĻŭΣһĨȻɢ˷
һ𣬾ʮǣ
ǵ޿ƥе̬޳Ȼƣ·بһ޸裬һʷʫúƣ
һɲǣϫĹͶԷӲһ𣬿ɲײ춯أֳҵ۽ͿĨƬǿա
Ƭǿձһ黭εĹŨīزʵͿѻѤáԻִ͡Ŀģ
һʱ֮䣬Բ֮ڣǱһײһգΪһƬش
ۣ
ͬʱϫӰһ޴ݺݺУ͵س󷽵䣬ղ԰ף̲סȳһѪ
û취λһ֪ǵȹǺεȺˡ
ϫܹΪϱ߱񹦣ټϽĽ쵽һѾƵǾף
һĻͬλ̫Ͻ̵ľ죬û뵽СһﾹӲһ
ǸеһԵĳ裬ˣ󷽻һλһ֮ھ޷һǴȥǱȫ˳Цɡ
óǵ汾£ĪҪñʧ
ԶУӵɳƵͳһ˿
һ仰պһ㣬յĿнԶһĨŭ
ɱ
Ǵλǿսִϵ鱦ʩչԼֶΡ
ɱ
ͬʱԶĳϫ촽ҲһХȻ
ͷɢݲҰףأһ˿Ѫգڸղһܵ˲Сơ
ȻʱǻȻٴγվȼգһǿľʡ
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Ƭǿ类򱬣޷סֲεĶԾѳֳٱ׸ļ
գںһУƬǿճױ
ϫ򱻶Է׷ɱһƬУ᧿Σδκһ˿ı䡣
УϸˡѪѪȫ͸һͷѩ׷Եޱȡ
ˣϫɱͦѹĳǹ侲䣬̫Ԩɲ⡣
ɱ
ٴγɣü纷η˵Ѿȴ
һУλھţԷֻһڣ
ǿ¶ţϾӵļһˣֱ˳ʶ˼顣
ߣ
ӵĪǴñԶô
˻һõ˵ɫԶѿԶ͵һҧأǿʢ
һ̣ͬȫͣ
λ뷢֪ǵȳǺεǿɲһɲǣϫͱɣһʯ㣬ͷһ󲻿ظĦҪѡ
ѿҪұ
һսɱѪսͳеļ̳˾ȫͬ
ͬһѩҲ¸ȣϾǺبϹͻĸ֮һƬãã̫̫գԹ񣬼̤˵ء
Գϫԣ¾˿̱ɱ¶û֪
ȳӦһ첻Ӧеصز飬ľҲκĻᡣ

ϫٴϢɢüϾѪգѪнһ飬Ҳһü
һս̫⣡
ƴҲһ֮ȥλֹ
ѺŤתĻᣬϫҲȻ־ܣԴС
ƴһԷ
ɱ
ٶɱڣһɷϾɱļƣϫκء
䣡
ϫһӣһͭì״鱦ڿգȻըֲĳõӰԶһ͡
ɽƬ̣Ǿɱ
Ա鱦ɱѰĵ۾ڣҲɱһЩѰǿߡ
ɶЩԣȴЩǵĽ࣬ȴ˵˿
Ȼһ̳ϫѹ˲ôˣԼ״жô⣬ֻҪٱԷӲһԼ˲䱻˺촷۲ɣ
䡭䡭䡭
ûκγɣϫԼЩѼ鱦һһս⽫
һʱ֮䣬ƬǿһһĢ״̻財ҫۡʢŻصܣ
һ鱦Աܣвκһλһ鱦ԱǵֱﵽһԸӵĵز
λ뵽ϫϵ鱦֮࣬һӱһֲһƬըУһŭĺ
ϫĺǣûɱκһˣ
Ƭʱ䣬λ̫Ͻ̵ĺ۴ǱըȻӰЩǱһͷģɾһܵش
£
Ǿ۷壬ֻһ̤Ĵڣ
Ҫɱô׵ģ
ǶԣϫһССֵزֱõӵǰ澡ʧѳ׶ŭ
ɶ񣡡
Сӣ㳹׼ŭˣ
ϻ˵ҪƤʬΣ
Уٴγ
ֻֻܶصһˡ
ϫаһ̾ȴǻһĨȻԼѾ;ĩ·ˣ˵һ̱㽫

һ˲ļԪӦߣûñһˡ
ԶǿУӵһпǲϵͫо֮ɫ
һɲżĳϫӵǲѩеĦٵ
ѩɱĦʦܣȻʦܿˡǺǣǺǺǡ
ӵɱĴǷһĨЦ⡣
һɲǣһĨЦͽ̡ᣬһԻǵиǱһĨޱȵ硣

һ̵ĳΪء
˵ıɱһϫѾȻֻ֮ʯٵĴ㡣
Լĳϫӵһпʲôɫ΢䡣
һУʵ򼸺ͬһʱ䷢
ۿųϫͽɱӵԤ׵һɲ䶸
һŶب¶ͷųҝڳϫǰ˵ĹͬǵӰȫǣ



2042 ԭ
ɫضɬ
һڹŶֵ֮ͻأ֮ͻȻڰãѣһ־ͷųһɶµ
óϫʼϲڼԶеӵҲЩ⧲

ɶʲô
ãĴɱ
ǹŶУ˳žŵĴ𣬸һҵײ
Ȼ˶һû֮ʶչ˼ҵķͼͻ
ৣ
û£ͼһԼӰ֣һקסϫӰһͳ뵽һڹŶС
һ˲䣬ϫ͸оһƬУֲָǻɬĻ
õڱƤ¾ˣ֪
һӵˡ
䣡
͵أϫֻоһҵײ˷𣬶ѣټ֮ǰ̫أһɲǽסǰһڣ˹ȥ

ϫоԼ·һΣУԼƯһƬҝУһּȵĿУ·Ưƶ䣬һͻ˲ɢ
ûãһԼӰǻҝУ㷢٣ɢ޳Ӱƣ˿ݣɽֻһӰ͸һ޵ĳ
˭

ϫҪȴоԴʱһξˣʶٴڰС
Ҳ֪˶ãϫڴ˸оԼһϤУֻһΣһԼӰϥԼߡ
ɱһƻɫ֣ݣΨһˮĺͫԼ
һӡ˴ĺʯһ˿ʣһֱĵ˵ֱ޲óС
ûɵأϫһޱȵɽһɲǣһξľٴʧ

ϫһʱͻͬһΣǴƬƬĻɫԶһԼӰԼԼһ˫ڵͫ
ֵǣϫÿһҪÿһҪſڳÿһҪ˼Ķʶͻ飬ڰС
֪Ѿȥ˶ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ںεأ˶Щл㱡ججĸо

䣡
һ죬ϫ͵ظоһֲײҡض˶Ҫ˦ȥһ㡣
ʲô£
⻹ǳϫϤξеһθе쳣
ʥٴ׷·ӣ
͸һĨ˻֮ɫɳϫһӾ̫Ͻ̵ľ
ɽһɲǣͱþ֣ŮˣʱҪִԲ𣡡
û£һޱȵĲҽ쳹óϫһҲ֪õ͵۾
ȻͿһĻѪʮĻ桪
ڵϣߣһԼӰһѩ׹ǵϹ
ѩ׹ǵƥҲ֪ɺͣǴԼӰУʷһ㣬ƿѪ⣬һһдʲô
ϣѪ飬ɺޣʱʧȥΪһ߱ʬ
ѪΪǴԼӰī֭ʬΪ˱ͿĨдĻ
һȷ̫ˣǴԼӰְֳ׹ǵʬϹգϫ²͸ʲô
ԽԵ
䣡
͵أֲޱȵײٴ𣬶̶óϫʺһ̲סٴοȳһѪ
һԼӰƶһлȻרעùǵһδƿѪ⣬׼죬ˮ
ˣٲıؽͬһ˶¯һٵ
أӵ˷͸һޱȵɭȻɱ֮
ৣ
ͬʱһԼӰͣж
ҲһɲһԼӰȻɫ֣ϡܹӵݣϵķ绪
һŰ׹ǵչһʳȻġտ
˷·ɣϴ񣬵ƾʴҲһ˿绪
ϫЩҲ˲ǣ֮ŮӣۼʣȴǺҳһǰһλŮƵġ
̫غͳȻ·Ӧϡ
ƫƫأŮĵһۣϫһʶϤС
ʱȻѵԼǰ
ѵЩ磬˯һɡ
һ̣ŮȻҲϫһӣʱһֳϫõǰһڣٴ˯С
˯֮ǰһɲŮӵ֮󣬳ϫŮˣ
ױԪ񱦡һ¯ԼϥһڶϵĴԼӰ
ʱǿաɹڿѰʲôڶʲôֻ
ڰУԵ֮Ȼ¶
ϫǵãֱһ̾Ϣ͸һ˿įȻġ޷ô
һóϫףԭǰŮӣϥһ¯ϵӰ
ֻǿϧӦٴ˯С

һλָʶʱϫǱһҵĿѡ
۾ͿŮϥԼԶؿڿԣǰһѪա
óϫʱжϳŮܵش
㡭ң
ϫȻڡ
һ仰Ů͵ػһʲôĬƬ̣ҵģܱɱ
ϫʱȻͷһ˹Źֵľɡ
ʱŮڳޱȵʹһڣס־ҿǿȳѪ
ϫˣסҪһɲͿЦѣŷԼ״ޱȣǿֻѵϥ
ɺܿ죬͹˲ЩŮӵôأ羲ĵһɡ
У׷ɱҡ
Ůҡͷɺóϫŵݣ޷֪
ϫȻһӵɲģ
Ůӵͷ
һӣϫľҲó
Ѿ֮ǰŮӳȣԼֻɥЩ̫Ͻ̻С
ֻû뵽ǣУŮҲشƫƫӵ겻ɢأ׷ɱǣóϫĻĴ⵽˼£
ȿȡ
ŮӾҿţϢã˵ģһʱ׷
óϫһ֮࣬סü˼
ڡ
ŮԼ࣬õóϫһβףһ¯С
Ǳ׷ɱ˶ã
ϫסʵ
ʱ񣬴֮á
ŮӵĻشʵóϫһ꣡Ů˾ƾһŶһλӶʱ䣡


2043 
꣡
ҲζԼ˯֮ã
һ뵽⣬ϫвһĨӣðβ˵֪εأ
£ȴӦ
ϫ̧ͷȥͿŮӾ˫պϣϥһ˯˯뵽һ״̬С
Ȼ̫ܵأֵѱ;ƿݣ
֮ǲɴ⣬˭뵽̫Ͻ̵Χ£ҾᱻһŮȣ
ϫૣ͵ҡͷһʼĵϢ
ղŮѾ˵֮ã·;ϣ˵ʲôʱ̫Ͻʥӵٴ׷ɱ
ʱŮ״̬⣬Щʲô£ϫҲֻץʱ޸Լƣκһ˿и


һƾӲ籡вɢתѭ
ǰϫ̫Ͻ̵λشɵ»˯֮ã״Ѿ˥ݡ
û취һܵʵ̫أһߣŮȣȻѺⲻ⡣
ϫҵǣĵδشȻأֻҪĵԻָ


ϫǿָһЩж
Уָֻٶ̫ˣһ϶׷ͺ޵ֿ
ô죿
ϫ˼С
ŮϥһʵʵĻɫ˿ݡ
һܣѵļ
ϫûо˼ãסһ̾һĪչ
һλڵ׷ɱϫеȱο״ֹ̬ܲۡ
ô죿
ϫҲ벻һͷüͷⲽ
һƬ¯ڵ磬һƬҝռޱȡ
ϫȻ𣬵һμһ¯ʱϰԣ˱ϸԪһԪˣĪ⡣
ϸԪУӵд¯͵ӵϲԾˣ뱻ɱܡ
һԪУ˱ȴһɣһԪݣһ֣ԤֻͶ
һУõóϫвһϸԪ˵Ůǵڰ˼Ԫġ֮У
ѵЩŵеһԶǹ׺᣿
ܹӵһ֮˵¯ڹһеҲͬһˣ
ϫɫʱ΢΢Щ죬ǵãЩŵеĹ׺ᣬ޲Ϊ£һԪ׵߸֮С
ΪˣϧıãҪĩ֮ţеĺƽ֮ͷų
ԼȴƫƫһƺͬԹһŮȣ¾Ե̫ˡ
ΣվҵľˣЩ׺ᱧһĿģǵʱҲֻѡ֮Ϊˡ
ϫ˼Ƭ̣ûа¿̫أһŮ˶ѣӵĶ֣ҲƲʲô˻ˡ
ܿ죬ϫעΰӵ׷ɱϣ˼λһɱ١

ţ
֪ϫⲽһƬҝĿⲻһƳȻһĹϼ̨
Ǽ̨ͨڣϱأԽ͸һƬѪգЩĿġ
¯֮ڣһ̨
ϫסǰϸһ̨ܹϣĲɣϡ
˵ǣ̨ÿһУӡĻɬģܸӣϷһص
⡭ǿ¯࣬һеĹ󣡡
ϫ֮ӡУй֮аأһ֮ϳЩһ󷨣
Ҿƶϣ˼̨֮ģֻƿش˼̨ȫԦ¯
һ£õóϫˣͷһĿһȻɣ֮е̲סǰϸо
ǳϫóĴ֮һټȫй֮һУõоʱδκ谭
֪ϫǳУ޷԰Ρ
һ̫죬ֱܹ֮ǲ˼飬õóϫҲסЩ𺳡
ֱãϫȻü૵Ź֣һûмȫܣֻת˲һΪΣѵŮӸûܳ׼Ԧ˱
ճϫƲ⣬ǳ׽һתȫͷųȫֹһ
ʶһ㣬ϫ͵һ˵ĻƺԸ̶ȵػӵ׷ɱʱв
һ˦ѶԷҲпܣ
ڳϫ㳢ŲһʱһȻ
ʲô
ϫŤͷͿŮӲ֪ʱ𣬾ѹһԴڵ䶢Լ
һֻӳһ
ȳϫ˵꣬ͱŮӴϣ֪
ϫȻȻ֪Ϊβͷų
Ұ첻
Ůӻشĸɴ䣬û
ҿԡ
ϫ
㣿
ŮӵﷺһĨɣȰ㻹ĪҪһһ˿أҶܲӹ˵׷ɱ
ȻųϫĻ
ǣȥĻǳᱻ׷ֽκ𡣡
ϫĽ͵οڵ״ֹۣٲı䣬롣
ŮӶȻҡͷУ
նûиκεĽͺɣ˵оǲУóϫʱһʧ
Ҫ˵ʲôŮӵȰĪҪ󣬷ұ֤һʱɱ㣡
ϫüŮδ̫Źˣһ뵽ԷվԼľˣϫҲֻܾʹա
ˣһαҪһ㻹Ҫӣ
ҲڴʱһĮϡϵ¡¡˷쳹
ӵˣ
ϫŮɫ䣬û뵽Է֮죬֮ͻأ
䡭
Ӧ¯͵ؾҡضǬõеĳϫ㵹ɳȥѪһڣܵòѪ
ŮӸǲ͵һҲڣ۵һѪ״ήҵ˼¡
갡ѱĹ⣬һΣŵԣͬ¯һˣ
ӵпȴǱɱޱȡ
䣡
δ£һĿֲϢ糱ˮ㣬ӿ¯Уõóϫɫ䲻ѡ
Σգ
Σգ
һзһκأ
ˡ
ûгɣϫ͵һҧһϼ̳ϣָɿܲϷɿ카
ʲôס֣
ŮӾУʱή˥֮ɾͼֹϫ
ڴˣϫȻᣬоרע֮ɫҧӶ˫֣еƲϱ任


2044 ڤ
֮ǰϫݳаأһһ֣׼٣ޱȣϰ㡣
ܹһϼ̨һȦһȦһƬһƬܶɬ
Ҫɱ㣡ɱ㣡
Ůӷŭ⣬ѷŭ˼£޷ǳһĿģִȥϫ
ɳϫѾںЩ
ϾҪ٣ٲƴһԣĿɾ̫ԩˡ
䣡
¯綼ھ𵴣һĩպƽٿҪ٣жϻĿֲϢ
ܳŮٴοѪ羪κеһҶݣҪû
¯⣬쳹ӵɳƶſĴЦƺйлõŭ⡣
Цҹɰ㲻ϻصţ̶
䡭
¯·һɿֲʴ۽УҪڻѾΣյ˼¡

ŮӾƶһΣջȻĺż̨ϵĳϫ͸һĨȻʧޱȵĲʣġ
ˣɣ
͵أӵһȣ¯Ȼһͣͣƺѱ֧飬һ̾ͽ
ͣ
ͬʱϫҲǷһɬڣӵħ㣬һ˲䣬ǧʢĹٿȻǹϼ̨ӿɬ̻š
ˡ
һ̣¯һޱȵĵ̥ǣͷųƥĹ⣡
⡭
ӵһŭޱȵĴƱһֲ
䣡
ϫֻһ˶һֱʱеĴһԪôַ·һ˲ǰݡ
һжָһְ׵УûǿֲϢҲûӵĺ
ϫһƨڼ̨ϣٴϢԣղżֱԵһ⣬õ˿̶¡
㡭Ŀʹ񶦣
Ůӵ͸һȻƺš
֮ǰѾ˵ƺš
ϫڴһ䡣
ŤͷȥʱȴŮӰһҡΣ˫һգ׻ʹȥ
óϫһæŮߣһ̽ΣգŰһ
Ů˳ӵ׷ɱ֮ã֪һ·˶˺ʹ
óϫҲӿһĨϧԼ˰ɣ
ҲڴʱϫĿⲻһƳסһڳ׿Ů˵գ
һżŵ䡢صӣϸʯ絶丫̰Ƿ䡢֮С
촽򣬱ͦͷ౥ڷɢƽһɾްȻ
ֱȻĹ񹤣ӻܹ߳ӵУϫ΢΢Żعв̾գԹڸ£ֳȻʥࡢ͵ʣֱκŮԲλ࣡
ܿ죬ϫһҲʼϢ
ղһͻأɱѾ⣬ϫ޷϶ڽ·;ϣӵǷٴ׷ɱ
ʶʱҲκиˡ

ʱˮҴš
֪Ѿȥ˽һ£һʱУϫҲǻָ߰˰ˣԷӳ˳ɵսò˶ãԳ׻ָ
ͬʱϫԡ֮ӡصĲҲͻͽ㣬֮ڣԽ֮ӡ̺аȫ͸
ʱͻƽΪҲˮɵ顣
ΨϫЩĲµǣһʱУŮһֱδϢ֮ҪʢһЩõóϫôġ
ȻҵһʱһֱǷƽ˾ûκգӵҲʧһ㡣
ճϫӵ˽⣬ȴǸҿ϶ΪһλͨȻľʹ˷ˣ

λƣǰʱȥ
¯Уϫһϵļ̨ϣϸʲô
Ʋ׻ָǰǽǡ֮ӡгΪһͻƵΣսٴη˷츲صɱ䡣
ʱ̫Ͻ̺۴ˣ޷ԿԷ㹻İӡ
ֻǶԸһȻڻ£
ʱϫͨһϼ̨۲磬ϼ̨һȻֻܹ龰
ڣϫ͸֪һƬǿзɶݣƬǿȺ財տţκա
ϫĵǣϵƬǿգ
֮Ӷݵ·ߣѺѩµһ·ͼƫơ
ҲζţǾʹĿĵطɶǰУпܻ᳹ʧƬǿУҲطϹĳ·
̫Ͻ̡̫Ͻ̡һգһҪΪ˸ѪĴۣ
ϫһ뵽һжǰ̫ϽͣסһɲƵĺ⡣
ʱһֱ˯ŮӺȻһ˹
óϫһ񣬶ʱϲѣ߹ˣ
ŮһԴڵͫƬ̣͵һ˯˶ã
һ롣
ϫʼ
һ롭
Ůૣһƻɫӳĵƻá
㡭֪Ԧ񶦵ķţ
ŮӻȻ̧ͷһԺ絶ϫȻ˿ѳѣ˻֮ǰһĻ
񶦣Ǵ˿ڵ¯֡
Ǹ㣬ͨһ֮еطǷţ
ϫʵ
Ůһīü𣬺ðβ˵ȻԼԦ񶦣ԱȻˡ
ɾ˼򵥣·ܹԦ񶦣֮еĸְضҪԵøҪһ㡣
ˣ³ϫδ̹䡣
ϫЦ
ڤ
Ůڵ
ڤ
ϫЩȻֿЩأһԷһԪ֮УҲͲˡ
֪㣬ӵкͼļԪӦߡ
ڤĬƬ̣ƽҲ֪ŵأŸԪΨһһĩ֮߳Ӧߡ
ϫײУгԾѣû뵽Ů˾֪Щ顣
ƶϣһֱҪѰҵһˡ
ڤȻ˵һ䡣
ңʲô
ϫȻ
һԪĸ׷Ѱ£׷ģһѡ
ڤ䣬õĹ󣬡ԭΪսţȴû룬ᾹͲھżԪУ㣬ǿΨһѡ
㡭Ҫ˵ʲô
ϫü
ڤٴĬУ֮Ȼ̧ͷӿһĨᶨִ֮ɫҵռ;Ҫֻ֮죬·صڰ˼ԪУתΪӣҲϧ⡭ҵĳ֮
ϫжʱһ


2045 ǿԺ
ռ;
ֻ֮죡
طڰ˼ԪС
ڤһֱһװ㣬óϫļԺвƵزͷ
ϫֻΪھżԪвӵֻصԣֻ֮ҲֻڵھżԪʹá
ûƾֻ֮ԺԪ֮ϣطǰļԪУ
ܹ쵽һ
ǰ˸ԪѸƾֻ֮طȥܿʲôЩʲô
ʵϸһ룬һìܵ⣬ļԪѿտҲطȥ
ֻ֮԰쵽һζţĵڰ˼Ԫδ׸
ܿ죬ϫעڡռ;ֻ֮족仰ϡ
ڤȻô˵Ȼܲ⣬ֻҵռ;Խνġֻ֮족УӶʵطڰ˼ԪеԸ
ô⡰ֻ֮족ʲôӵ˲˼ã
޵߼֪ռ;أڤô֪⡰ռ;дšֻ֮족
ɻˮӿϳϫͷõδع
һжôɬѶ⻰̺˼̫˼飬ֱ˳ϫԺеĹйܵ˼

ĬãϫջûסЩɻ˳
ʧǣڤδٶֻͣ˵ҵռ;ʱȻһС
óϫ֮࣬棬Ů˵ƺԼлҪء
ǡƾʲôΪһ㣿
ϫ˵ڣһЦűӵҲԣһҲӦԵ̫塣
ڤĬƬ̣л
֣ȴþȫԵ֣أδκ˵֣Եúׯࡣ
ȱżлңԼɶ޷ȷܷҵνռ;
ϫ̾˿
ڤ˵ͷٶԡ
䡢͡һֳȻƻãӵУҲԵЩ˿߽硣
֪ںδ
ϫĴסʵ
֪Ҵδ
ڤĻشܸɴࡣ
֮ǰôҵҵģ
ϫȻ
١
ڤ³֡
һӣϫȫˣԼӻĸ뿪ʱо֪һƱ׷ٵϢȻǰڤ
ֲһ·ϼȲ֣Ҳ
ϫֹһ䣬Ͱעһϣϸ۲һо
ѲָڤܹطϹϰԼʲôæҲֻܰϣԼϡ

ǿзɶݣƺѸ֪ʱŵĺۼ
ÿһ죬Ķضδ֪һУİţѳʧѰҲ·
ǻѰˣǱŵĥý겻ӿ౯ɡ
Գϫڤȵļᶨ֮ԣʲôֻżеһĺȻˡ
ָоһԷɳ棬׹뵽˺ǿУʧ˷ֻܺҷɶݣҲ·ĸоܹ˸еȻ㯡
УϫҲʹڤӵڰ˸Ԫ֮󣬾˶ټգŰȻھżԪС
ڤֻҡͷ˵ʱ̫ԶˣҲǵãֻ֪ԼһֱڷɶݡһֱããڰѰ٣δ
óϫȻһ˿һŮˣᴩ±ǨУļįȻж٣
Ҳֻһ֪ˡ

˭Ҳû뵽һǿŲ֮ãֹȥ˶ʮ£
ʮУڤѳ޸ϫҲûţ춢۲龰ǲĿԪӡС
ȥ꣬ϫǽڵԪġгײΪٴͻƣﵽΡ
ΪͽΪҲֱͻ˵͵زͽؾС
ʱǳһ˳µԪ㲻ñ߱񹦣Ľѹˣ
ֻźǣΪͻƣɸããδ֪ǿУҲ𲻵á
ͨʮĲ̽ϫȷһ£ǡȷʧˣ
ΪĹ㣬ƾλʦǰµһ·ͼʮ꣬˳طϹ
񣬼֮ǰ̫Ͻ׷ɱЩݣѾȥʮ꣡
³ϫԸ⣬ò߲˵·Ƭصʧˣ
Ϲеǿ߶ԣ˵ǻ·ǼֱЦϾǿߵƾŲ֮ͿԺһһ򾳡
ϫǵĴͬڵһƬǿոǺϹҲ̫ͬ嫡Ҳ̫δ֪޾׼·ͼָ˵ǣǵͨˣҲעʧɣ
ҲΪԹ񣬼ܹϹƬִĸԭڡ
ԳϫԣֻʧҲҪĵһ⡪Щɶݵ·ϣʵ̫ƽˣ
ûǿշ籩ûкڶСҲûʱնѴûκйļһжš塢ߡ
ƽ˸еʵеļ£
ѩԣƬӦǶġҵġյġɱٵġ
ʮȥϫǾǻȻûһ˿Σգɾ̫ˣ
³Թ˲Ƶĵ
ϫȻһ㣬ʱƣҲǱԽԽĬǲƵظһĨأվ
ڤƺҲʶԣʱȻһüͷ𣬻ƣ˭ҲһЩʲô
ԽԽĬһ죬ϫ̲סЦڤ˵϶Ƿ׷ɱǣ
ڤ˵׼
ϫЦ˵ǷҲһʧ˷򣿡
ڤü룬ɵ˵׼
ϫ૵ǰһжδ֪ģ˭˵׼أ

ϫȻû뵽ӵȷδ׷ɱһֱһط׷ųϫ·;µĺۼ
ֻǣ¯Ųٶ̫죬µĺۼҲ٣õһλͨĵǿߣֻǿ׺ں󷽣Ҫ׷ȴһʱ̰첻
ŶʮţӵҲʧȥģľгһ˿ꡣ
Ļ뵽һ׷ɱ֮·ֻֽ֮δСһ
ɺޣ
һ죬ӵŲʱУһ·ĲۣԭͲ֮ǲ
ԣһ·̫žЩ졣
ûãӵҲʶͬ⣬סЩɣ˼ǷҪԭ·أһ׷ɱж
ţ
ӵԥ֮ʣкȻһ˿ĲһŶĻԺһţ
ӵ͵һϵһɨգǷһĨޱȵɱ
ϣһαҲһǻӵ
䣡
ŲʱգһХڰеҫ۾ףɲ֮䣬ʧ


2046 ֮
ãã
ϫϥڹϼ̨ϣͨԦ񶦲ʱнŲơ
Щ죬һֱ˼޷һƬضδ֪ǿָô죿
һֱǿƯȥ
ѡһ淽ʽ
ϫ֪Լ²͸ıһˡ
ţ
ȻϫһĨĪļ¶סüһ˫͵鰴¡һȫŲƵͣС
ôˣ
һֱڱĿеڤȻ
Щԣ㿴
ϫͫ΢УɫЩأָһһֹĻֶϱӳֵģȻǿյľ
ֻǼԶǿһѷ죬ĺب
ԶԶȥͷ·ڰǿһֻļ¡
Ϊصǣ⡰࣬֯һƬ財ҫۡλðĹ⣬һԳںڰǿ裬˼¡
ѷ죬ѤóʢĹ⣬ȫͬľΪһ𣬾һֻһԹӰӣǺڰǿУţҰһǿҵĳޱȡ
˵һֻʵѷǵ蹵بǿУΪңԶҲ˿
˵ĹӰʵջҫۣϼãλá
֮ݼĵŲƷɶ˶ʮ󣬺ȻһƬضδ֪ǿпһ˭𺳣еһֲͬѰ
ѷʲô
ʱ
λðĹӰǺε
һ̣ڤҲӹһĨɫһĻ
ƯҲΣգһֱٳһֻ֮Ǳؽ޷Ԥ֪ĺ
ϫԽǿľãеļ¶Խ·ѷвɱ㣬ֻҪͻ˶ɡ
֮ƺ
ڤ
ϫһʼⶼҪҪǣǱƿһƬǿգҲζţҪıɶݷˡ
ڤĬƬ̣˵һ·Ѿ޸һʮߴηɶݷÿһζʧܸգô̽ȥҲԡ
˼ǣ
ϫü
ƴһƴǺ֮ѷУ˵ʲôתԸıǵ
ڤ˵ڿЦ
ȥ
ϫȴоԼˣΣգҸеļ£֪һֻεΣյ顣
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ڤŤͷϫһѵõĻᣬǳɹˣʱطϹ򡣻˵ѾһӾ
ϫʱԥ˼С
ڤҲû˫ϥͷһĻĺͫȴ͸ĻǺبǿеġ֮
ҡ
֮󣬳ϫ̾˿
䣡
տڣ͸о׻㣬Ȼҡ̶ޱȵİ
ǿɲĳóϫڤֲһҡΣѪݺݵڵϡ
һжͻأֲ֮óϫڤɫһ䣬ʧ϶
Ȼͬʱһϵ𡪡ⲻʺɱˣ
䣡
û£ַҺƿҪըٵõóϫڤһתܵòѪ
Ȼʮ׷ɱӵĳױĹ⣬һѴ㳹Ĩɱ˳ϫǣ
ȻϻĲ
ϫ͵һҧǹϼ̨ͿǿУ񡢲ޱȵӵԶ
λ̫Ͻʥ˿塢䡢оǱŰɱ˫ƿƥֶԣԲϹɱ񶦡
ȹ£񶦾뾪κеһֻʱ㸲ա
еĳϫڤǶԴ˺޵ֿϱǿɲײɫò԰
ֻܰ˵ȥˣ
Σޱȵʱ̣ϫһٳɣԦ͵سԶǿеġ֮ȥ
ӣ
ӵȣָ͵һץһȻĪ֮ңң񶦿סߺݺק
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ϫпһû뵽϶ʩչֶξ˿ֲĻᶼûС
ƴˣ
ڤɱڣ͡ȻɲʹԴС
ˡ
ڴʱһĻˣԭޱȵǿУ֪ʱһĲɢ
ܹǱϫ֮ľ޴ǿѷ࣬һλóҵĹӰһɲǷ
ԶԶȥͺһֻ¡ѤǿպĴģȴһƴޱȵǿշ籩
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬Ƭǿһֽǿɲݺ༷塢ҡҪ
⡭
һ̣ӵж͵һĪΣʹʶԶݺܶȥ
䣡
ͬʱӵƿأɽһ˲䣬һҶݰ㣬һԡ֮ķ籩У˲Ϣͱһ޴ǿѷɣʧ
һжļ죬óϫڤӦ͸оǰһڣʧȥ˸֪

ɶ񣡡
ʮǿ⣬ӵϵһƬ࣬˫Ŀֱ𣬺޵ÿҪ
һʧˣ
ѵС޷ɱģ
ʮӵǵжٴɱϫǵĻᣬնԷһλβŭ
ǴȥǳΪϹһЦɣ
Ǻܿ죬Զָƽǿʱӵʱӱŭѹ
ǿУûκζһƬͺղŵǿշ籩ûзһ㡣
һֻѷɺبǣһԺĳʢӰҫ۶λá
һпӵУȴƤ͵궼ܹνУ˿̾ĵطһ˿ǵļ¶
˵﾿ʲôΣգֱȴȵڿȥҲ˲䱻˺÷飬ʬ޴棡
Ǿʲô
ӵɫأзݣƾĥ³ķḻԼȻ׵ǻۣûƶϳκһ˿

ͨĴڣûܴǿеһпŵκһ˿мֵĶⱾԵ̫ˡ
Ĭ˼ãӵһ૵Ȼ¯УСҴĻᣬҲʱ뿪ˡ
˵գϵϷһĨȻתȥ
£˲֪ٷգʲôʱߣʲôʱ¡
Щδ֪ٺ棬Ҳţ
ಣ
ӵӰʧһƬصǿճ׻ָһļžС
Ӱѷ졢λöҵĹӰҲӡδ֪ء
˭Ҳ֪˶ãǴʲôʱģΪԹ񣬳ϫǵһĴڡ
ԺǷִܹڴˣٴĿǾľ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ



2047 ʧ֮
أ
һӲޱȵĵϣһظײ¡һһӱ飬ԣȻɢ
ಣ
ͬʱӰǱг˵Ǳһɿɲıը˸ݺɳȥġ
ۣ
ϫӰݺ׹أҳһӣȻѣ̲סȳһѪ
һ࣬ڤӰҲΪǱڵϹãֹסһȻҲǲ԰һƬ
˶˲ʹһʱ佫ĿԶ񶦱ĵط
ȷ񶦵ȷѱ׻ٵʱ˶ɫò
˭Ҳû뵽һ֮һԪ˵رʱ̺Ȼ顣
ӵͨﶼκβõıȴһб٣ɴ˱֪ڱһǿշ籩֮˺εȿɲĳ
ĬãϫŵڵǸûƿغá
ڤҡͷңҲһ
ЩȻ
¯һԪڰį¶ҹȴѾΪеһ֡ȴΪһʺȻѣһʱҲѽܡ
ϫƺڤľ̾˿𣬳񶦱ըĵطȥȥܲܰƬռԺлܹ޸
ڤֹˣ޸ãҲǴǰˣɡ
˵ţͬһԴĺܣЩɵùŹֵĵط
ϫһĿ֮ܣƬ̺Ҳһ
ֱʱŰһƬİС

γɾһ޴εˮߣԶ
ϣľިɽܲгӯԭʼϡçİϢһͷ
һƬδֵԭʼأԵúܲѰ
Գϫڤԣעص㲢ЩǳԾ֣Ƭİ̫Źˣ
ľÿһ궼ɸߣÿһƬҶӶһݰСЩѰɼҰݣҲʮɸϣ
УͺһȺϽ뵽һƬʯУֻʯһشصҰݶѡ
ЩԶңңɼɽվĲز뵽֮ϣһ嶥
ϫԼһƬ˹ȣ˵û䣬ֻǵСˣ
ֻЩ󣬵ҲˣϹҲˡ
ؼǣİоȻܲһ˿Ϣ˵֮Ҳͳͳܲ
ûҲζİ޷֪Ϣ
û֮ҲζһƬİʺκǱޡ
һУƺʬġĩ֮򡱺񣬵ϫǺܿͲ˲֮ͬ
ΪƬİУȻûû֮ȴһּΪŹ֡İ
άϵƬİתͬʱһϵķ綼ȫͬ
ʲô
ϫȥһЩͼƽһİİأԾǣƾΪ޷ȡһ˿һ
ؼ䣬޴ڣȴ޷ɺͲ̫˼ˡ
ɷʲô
ϫɫѱЩء
ܹŹ֣δδš
ڤüȻҲһƬİĲ
Ҵ¿жϣƬİ磬ֻ¾λǡ֮ѷУ
ڤһ˵һƬδֹ硣
ϫ˵ͷֹδֹһж粻ͬǰ˸ԪеҲȫͬ
ϫӵǰ˸ԪĴӡȻжϳڵİ磬㣬κμԪڵ硢ûǺϵĵط
Ե̫ˡ
İʲôʱֵģΪδ֣֮δܹǹ
ˣҵ޷ʩչ
Ȼڤʧеԭɶ֮¾һƬ磬˭룬תȴ޷Լɶ
ϫһݣʶҲת򣬽ѭͬԾǣһͷųȴƾһ㣬ʧһɶûκһ˿
ô£
ϫڤľֲֻͬǵҲ̸϶˼ɵƬʩչʵǺֱ룡
һԣ
ϫһԲġ

һյʱ
ϫڤ綼Ĭɫƽüȴ붼һĨԻȥ
֮ǰԹΣڸȷһƬİУǵһΪѳ޷ӳκ
ˣǵҲƣֻܸ֪ɷΧĶ
ԭϫΪİƵĽֻΪɵ̽öõ֮ʱͬҲܵƣԷӳ
ڤҲͬˣϸԪһ׵Ϊǿĵزͬ޷״
֮һƬİУǳϫڤѵںѰķûʲô
ҲζţһİκΣգǺ֪жô
ãǻһЩһЩս飬ѰҪǿһЩ
ĬãϫʼЦ
Ҳֻˡ
ڤ̾˿૵ʵ޷İ˹Ź֡
ԼӵԼġϵҲζţתע޷߷ӳʲô
ϫ룬ҵһƬİ編;ԻһƬˡ
˶٣𣬾˫֣ӵƬأĿƵӦҲܵˣƬһֶضİڣƿԸıǵĴˣ
·𱻳ϫԴ¶ǿŸȾڤڲô䣬˵Ĳͺԭֿʼһȫµ;ܱǷ֣˵Ժĵ;Ҳ棡
˵ڴͫһĨ㽰Ĺ
ϫЦˣͷԣһƬȫµ磬ǶҲһȫµĿʼ
˶٣кȻӿһɳ嶯ڤƬְɣ
ڤһ΢Ƭ̣˵Сʧ֮Σ
ϫʧھŸԪ֮⣬Գأֲ֪
õϫͣڤǷһĨЦ⣬ȻƬһжİδ֪ģͳͳΣ
ϫʱȻԾԾ֮ڤҲ̷ĺ飬ЦȻԡ
ڤǵЦȻһԴڵͫгһ״Ȼʱ¶Ȼ֮⣬ȴΪһ֡ͬ˿ģʵóϫЩ⡣
Ҫǣ⻹ǳϫһοڤЦݣضȻʧɫ



2048 
ϣϫڤʼ̽ѰһƬʧ֮硱ж
˿ɲһӶҪ뿪ҪһƬضδ֪һȫ֪

ʮɸߵҰڷҡҷһŲеĳҡΣս
ϫǰߴ·ҰݴУֻڴһƬĲ֡
⡰ʧ֮硱κζԵþ޴ޱȣóϫһԼСĴ
УһҲˡ޴󡯰ɣ
ĪأϫףֻߵҲ֪Լ
أ
Ȼڤͣ½ŲֿߵһҰݡ
һҰݾڴֱ֣糤ìʮɸߣڤƺҪնϣΪ޷ʩչƾ޷ڵһʱնһҰݡ
óϫ֪꣬ڤﾹһҰݶϣҲ֪θˡ
ͽסʵҪʲô
ڤһ߼նҰݾɣһ߷ɿǵһֵΣգͽֿȭȥɱվ̫鷳
Բ٣Ϊ޷ãѰҲʲôﶼԼʹã£ƾֿȭȥӦпܷı̫Σա
ϫȻҲһ㣬ǰ
˵ţӵһǷʯͷݺݳҰݾȥֻһײҰݾɾֻǱҳһǳǳĻڡ
óϫЩΣܹΪһݽ涼޷
˵⡰ʧ֮硱һһľȷ͵ò˼飬磬Գ䵱ʹˡ
գһʱ䣬ڳϫָĥƤʱӲһҰݾҶϡ
¡
ʮɸߵҰݺȻһľڵϡ
ϫѾһƬҶӣִһ䵱⣬ڤһҰݾɱ˾ţ֮иؿɳ䵱ľǹ
ÿһľǹһɳڴϸгģһ˾İٽƵġ

ϫһľǹоӶ˵ͷ
ҿһֻ˼ѰĻɱ
ڤ̾һ
ϫʱЦȵزˣĻࣿ
ûжൢ飬ֳľǹǰȥ
޷ɶݣϫֻѡصͽʽʱǾû߳һƬҰݸǵ
ΨһֵҵǣΪ޷ͷųȴܹάϵǵ˶ƣ̡

ֹʱҹĻ١
ϫȻ㣬ֹͣǰУɫЩصŲ֮ϡ
ֻڿն𣬳ʾŹ֮״ֲĻ֮ϣһƬһƬõɫ꣬Եʥס
ͬʱϫȴǸܵؼӯġʧ֮ȻŨ
ʧ֮ҲܲƬеһİصڣƬ
Ȼڤȡġ
ϫһֱͼȥȡһʱҲûһ˿չ
ԭڣһȫͬǰ˸ԪһԪеһȫͬ
ȫԳơʧ֮ΪƬ֮
ҹĻ٣ֱ紿ʯڿգӼ򵥵ľŹֲƮŨޱȵġʧ֮ʱ˳ϫע⡣
ûǳֻо˵ʧ֮ԴȪǾŸ
ڤһ˵
пܡ
ϫ˼Ƭ̣ŵͷ
ʶʲôɫ͵һ䣬ץסڤĸ첲Ͳ˸һҰݸĿ϶С
ʲô
ڤЩɡ
꣡
ϫʾڤСģҪ˵

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ǰɫ״ӰʮɸߴͨѩףȻһֻģӣһԼɰСɽӴʱԵЩɲˡ
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ϫڤһ㶣ͷ֣ͨëѩףɽĹӣΪĶͷһ֧͸ϸǡ
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ͷǾƺѰʲôûãͣһݴϣſ쿪֫
ĵһ֧ϸȻһȦɫΣٿȻ
ܹЩӾƮµɫʧ֮ܿͱһɫǣţӿ뵽ǶǾڣѩëһӨĹ
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ϫڤжһһۣǽԶһĨЦ⣬һĻȷţȻǴ;ģ
Щʧ֮ҲǿԱȡģ
ֻҪҵһţֻǾһ㣬Լʵ
ֻҪʵҲζǴһƬİĻҲǿ
ء
ûãҹɫµؼȻһǺҰ˻ؼ䣬ڶصİԵ쳣ˡ
ϫڤһҹɫ£ݷ⡰ʧ֮硱ĸ·Ҫ㳲
䣡
ȻڳϫиͷһӴӰ͵شӼԶڿն
ӵɽ㽡˶۾ϸһȻƽɵϸۼף޴֮֫Ϊ˵ǣоŸ޴ޱȵĽɫʨͷ
ԶԶȥͨƣȻʢֱһͷ񻰴˵еʥް㣬죬Ƭҹն
ϫΪ޷ʩչڣһӾжϳͷӴ󵽾ľͷƽʨӵſǿߵϢ
óϫвһ𺳣ǱƥԼأͻ˲䱻С
ণ
ȻȳϫӦһã˻ٴһͷǧɷΧīͷ­ףͫ°ľ޴ݣȻХ֮ϡ
ͷųϢǻȻһͷͷƽʨޣ
һɲǣϫһ⡰ʧ֮硱ȻԼô򵥣ƽףʵ̫಻Ԥϵա
Ǹ磬ϫԲһУΪƣʩչմֱʱ̶в
ϣɫңǾͷƽʨ޺;޴ڵݸһ֣ռһλãţ뿪ʼǴӾƮµġʧ֮
ȻҲ
ϸȥ֣ͷ԰ռкġʧ֮Ψֻʣ±ߵĿţûбռݡ
·ǸλһƬ֮أͷҲȾָԵúǹء
֮⣬ޱҹɫгû޻кֱܶ࣬˷ȴһȥϵͷ
ڵҹصһȺҹɫʧ֮ޡ
ȹضյĻ棬õóϫڤ綼ľѣϢ񣬸һ˿⡣


2049 
ⳡȷ̫ɲõóϫѵʶԼĴǶôĲ׸Ҳûʲô
ڤҳΨ־ŵЩޣɱ֮
ҹɫˮȺ˻²ֱ֮һжԵ֮ء
ȻһԴڿգ֮ߣ֦Ҷ֮ϯ뵡ʢĿ
һ֣Ƭضƺ㣬˻ţؾһƬ
ԭռžλõľͷƽʨ޺ھ޴ݶƺеһ˿ɵŲһ£óһƬĿհ׵ش
һԴ߰㣬Թֱ·չ֦Ҷʼ
ǣ
ϫһһԴϢɲһϢѹȸУĿһλǿ߼ٰ㣡

ƺʲôǲԴ֦Ҷ͵һҡҷͷųһǿƥɨأϫϯ
һɲǣϫڤɫ䣬ҪֹͣԷ룡
ˡ
ҲڴʱϫʶеĺͼƬȻһ˿Ĳõóϫеġơ͵һ󷭹ٿȻӿȫ
ϫһϲʶץסڤ֣һɽƵҲڤϡ
ৣ
һǿɨɨϫڤȴƺδʲôһɨδκ쳣
óϫڤԭʱɲ٣˴˻һۣԶһµģ
ղһʵ̫ˣһֻҪԷһͷɱǡ
ҵǣҪͷͼƬ춯һΰϫһɱ֮١
ٴ̧ͷȥʱһԴѾרһʧ֮
ؼžҹɫ¸ǵգΪһƽԵúǾס
ϫڤɲΪκһ˿Ķ¾ͻĻ

ֱҹɫȥʸֳһĨ⣬ϵľ𽥿ʼʧ
ԭ̾еһͷͷƽʨޡһֻھ޴ݡԼһԴ뿪
ԭֲ˷Ҳ׷ȥһжð
·ֻҪ٣Щܾڴ˵ͻУݷ
ˣܰվһҹĳϫڤųһһͽӲԶЦ
ʱҲ䵽ز
񣬴ѾжϳǾͷʨޡɫԼһԴȻһƬǿλڡ
һϫ֮⣬лֲνΣأǰ㰲
˶٣Ҫǣʧ֮ȷǿԱɣеģ
ڤ˵ͷô
ϫʼȻʱݳܹʧ֮ķţԴʵ
ڤֵ˵ͷͺȻʵ֮ǰõʲô㿪һ̽
ϫ룬ҲһԺͼƬ
ڤ˵Զúͼս
ϫЦûô򵥣Ҳֻܱܺͼ޷ƿؼԦ
ֲһ䣺̤Уʼ˴ʱԳײͼİˡ
ڤͷһ϶ٵģ㡣
ڰοϫõóϫЩȻЦҲôһ졣
أ
͵أԶĲݴдܹһӴɽİӰڳϫڤǰõ涼һҡΡ
ϫڤһʶľǹ
ȻſһɫӰȻһͷǾã
Է˳ϫˣڵͫˣĿвκ֮͸һɺ棬ƺСǴðġ
ɳϫڤɲκδ⣬ŶԷʮ㣬ֻҪԷκһ˿Ǿͻɡܣ
ǾÿƲΣգɱϾӵΪʱҪɱǣֱܸס
޷ӳΪĳϫڤԣǰҲֻʣһ·ѡˡ
ҵǣǾòû¶κεɱڴƬ֮󣬾һЦ¶һѩŰƵݣԵЩ
ʲô
ڤ̲סʵ
ƺǱ⡣
ϫ
⣿
ڤеľǹһء
ȻڤǶǾƺܸˣЦ̽һֻëѩ׵צӣһҰݶһץץһ͵Ĳѣݵ˳ϫڤǰ
˵ǲѣʵϰСͨԲӨ͸ɢһɲľ㣬ʮš
ʲô
ڤЩ
һı⡣
ϫ˵ţǰ˫ְһŲѣſھҧȥ
һѱƤѣӿһŨƽƵĸҺ壬ϫУϪӿȫ
ζҲ
ϫһĿ⿴ڤ
ˣǶǾƺ˷ܣСҵԷʳһһڴ۾Ҳڤ¶һ˿Ρ
ڤһԥҲǰסһŲҧκҲͷζȷ
ǾٶһЩ
ϫЦЦһŲѴ̶̲Ƭ̣ǽʮŲѳ˸һɶ
ϫŰ֣һδģ
㡭
ڤЩˣ֪˵Щʲô
ѵû֣̺һ˿صȻ΢ȴܺܿڡҲ²ⲻӦþʧ֮
ϫѹԴ˵һݣֹѪУǡѨϡꡢȵȵطҲԽȡ
ԣڤһȻһϸ֪һȻͷڵȷһ˿İȻ΢òײȴʵڵģ
ô˵ǶһЩЩѣ˵Ϳʧ֮Ӷˣ
ڤҲ
ϫЦ˵ͷĿ⿴ǶǾãȴǸпѣһԼѷ֣ԭַȡصʧ֮
ϫһ԰ԼͳĲѶԹ⣬Ǿƺȳϫˣ˷ܵؽһԳĶڶŰƵѩݣԵûɰ֮
½ڸݴץһЩѣͳͳ͵ϫڤǰԵúÿͣ·дԼƵġ
ڴˣϫڤҲ߲ܣԳٿŲѣͣЩԲˡ
ۼֻĶǾҪǲߢѣϫڤֹ
лл
Բˡ
ҲܶԷܲƵƵлѡ
ˣǾ˼ص˵ͷǸʾóϫڤ
Ҫһߣ
ϫ̽
ǾЩȻƺʾһ£ƺЩꡣ
ϫڤһۣʱٳɣץסǾϸѩ׵ëıϣһӾһ޻
ಣ
ǾЦЦӰһųϫڤԶȥ



2050 
棬̵ĲݺǰӹԶɽΡ롢ȣ羰ʫ续
ǾõıٶȲ죬ȣϣһϣ֮
ϫڤҪԼǰⶼѲҪΪܸܵÿ͵޶Լ޶⡣
ʱ򣬳ڶǾǸСɽƵıϣϫڤҲڿƬ硣
ܴ󣬺ܹ󣬷ޱߡ
һﶼԵø޴ӳĵóϫڤСƵġ
ʧ֮磬ضδ֪

ܿ죬ϫڤԽעԼڡ
֮ǰ˳ԵĲѣİصʧ֮
һƵʧ֮һ˿˿ů㣬ڳȫÿһطӡ

ϫǣһİݣתѪС뾭Ѩڡӿʶ֮䡢
һʧ֮תϫܹ֪ǰֻܹҲ巨ǰ㣬ֻܹҲķǰ㣬ֻܹǿ
෴塢ꡢǶԵĵĴżΪá
̫˼ˣ
ֱһȫʺϴȫ⡢Ϊ㣡
ʵںӵһضǿҲΰ쵽һġ
̶һյʱ䣬ϫ͸оӿԼڵʧ֮ȫɣԼʵҲ
ճϫ㣬ԼѿԷӳ൱ϸʿս
ȻĳϫԣͲֵһɹɶԸ̤ʧ֮ĳϫԣһ츲صı仯
ϫͬʱҲ֣һʧ֮䱻ԼȡȴԼԭӵе֮Ѫ֮δںϡ
֮һģ޷ںϣҲᱻų⣬ȻѳΪԼΪһ֣ǺԼеȫͬ
ͺִ¿ʼһȫµ;һ㡣
֮⣬һųϫǾƾʧ֮ȻԷӳսѧĸϷţԺʧ֮ʩչ
һЩս͵ķţ񽣵֮йشصķţȴ޷ʹá
Ϊʧ֮ЩŸǸ롣
ͺñȥʩչţȥʩչߵͨһ޷ʩչ
ˣϫѾˣֻҪսܹ֤ʧ֮л뿪һжȫҪ

Σ
ûãڤӾдһĨʡ
ֻܲǳһЩ̺ʧ֮ӵ˿ϸʿܹø̺ʧ֮챦Чˡ
ϫЦ˵
ڤ˵ͷҲġ
ϫ˵ңУӵεͨԳǬʶص޷ȡ⣬ֻҪһֱȡʧ֮ڽ
ڤһƶϣڼȡʧ֮ʱȫûΪıϣ
ϫЦˣǽĿǷָ̺ʧ֮ıʵʵն߳ʧ֮硣
ڴʱǾ͵һԾ˵رһ޴ĶѨУʱóϫڤǰһڡ
ⶴѨۣ֮ðζǾòͣ½Ųһտĵ³ѨС
ⳲѨԳϫڤԣֱһտĴǹĽɫݽ棬ŽӲӵĹ󣬽ڰɢ
Ѩ룬ѻһСɽƵĸֹӡѡԼһЩϡŹֵҩݡ
ȻǶǾѼġʳ
ƾ֪ϫ˾ͲһѡʳԶ̺ž˵ʧ֮
磬൱һ
Ѩ֮󣬶ǾʾϫڤȻһЦ齫һСɽƵġʳǰʾǾá
ֱӾץһѹӾͳ̽Ե죬һֵģ
ϫڤȻһԼĳѨУǷʳˣ
֨֨
ǾüûжɻؽһƺЩ⡣
ϫ²ٿһƨһǰѧŶǾõģ̽
Ǿõʱ۾һУЦ¶һŰƵѩݡ
ڤԭЩ˼ɼһĻҲʱٳɣǰʼ
һʱ֮䣬տĳѨһһ֣صݡ
ʳԽԽ࣬ϫڵʧ֮Ҳǻ۵ԽԽ࣬һͻͽٶš
һʱ
ǾƺԱˣһգͺ˯ԵúûûΣƺͲ³ϫڤẦһ
⵹Ӯ˳ϫٺøУȻǳμ棬ÿ͵ĶǾ԰ǵѡ
ʱĪͻأ˻ζζ

һʱȥ
ڤȻ̧ͷһɨˡ
ϫһһ국ɫӨ̽ڣŵôˣ
ڤָǰǿյʣ޼ЦǿʳԹˣһŭô졣
ϫЦЦӦòᣬӿǺġ
˵ţһۡͨӨѩҩݳ
ڤ˲üһأ
ϫ룬˶
ڤ˼൱ǵھżԪ˼ڤʿ
ϫͷҲһ
˵ţָһ˯ĶǾõ൱ʿѼ˶౦ǳ֣Ҳ԰쵽һһˣҲԲ
ڤ룬ͷãѾܾδ˭˺ùˣҿɲ˺
ϫһЦǱȻġ
˵ţֿʼʳǽʣµһЩٲȻһҪɨɾģ
ڤЩģջסˡ
ûãǾ˹ѼʳѱԵһɶʱöûж
ڤЩţӳܲסױˡ
ɳϵǣǾòûзŭȴȦһ죬
ĵĿˣ
ϫȻһǿҵĸУڨڨѡ
ڤص˳ϫһۣʹǰŶǾõˣǴһȥʳ
ȻǾҲܸܵڤڰοʱ֧ë׵˶ͷ­˲ڤЦƺ˵û£⡣
һĻڤзһĨ飬ֵ˳ϫһۣھȥѰʳ𣿡
ϫʱҡͷûС
Ǿߡ
˵ţڤͳѨȥ
ǣǶǾȻ㲻״ɻǺ˳ظڤ
óϫвпʱԼҲᱻһֻӸиˣ


2051 
߳Ѩǰʱһģݴ纣羰续
ಣ
ϫŷɶݶ˲Ϣͳݴʮɸߣȴв
óϫЩɣ˼УǿڤʿԷݵˡ
Ȼʧ֮Уһȴֻɶʮɸߣϣͷ·һεĹԼͻơ
ʧ֮УǷܹݿշҲԿսı׼֮һȻɵԽҲζսǿ
ϫ˼⣬ȻҹһԴľһͷƽͷʨԼһֻھ޴ݡ
ڿն֮̾£¾֮һϢǿֲ֮ʧ֮еλһ㡣
ȣ·
һ࣬ڤϥڶǾõıϣָǰС
ȣ
ϫȻðβʶڽֻǾãзһĨĸоһֻ̬СɽСޣȴڤȡһ֣ⷴɾ̫ˡ
ɿǶǾȴƺܿģѩ׵ŰЦͣڤһ̾ͳ뵽˱Ĳݺж硢ý
ϫҲ˲ٶ룬æȥ
ӰڲݴԶӣͺ˼緲ġϷɡṦһٶȵҲ
·ϣϫҲ˷Լȵıϣ;ȷ֣ڤһֻѩ׼ĶǰֹһЩʲôҲʱ֨֨ŻӦڤ
һһ޾ƺڽ
ϫʵ
ڤڵܸܵ¿жϳͷ˵ʲô
ϫЦ˲𡣡
ڤɨһۣģҲ԰쵽
ϫæҡͷһˣɲһֻ˽
ˣûסʵǲҪѰʳôҪȥ
ڤƺЩϲã˵ǰǧУһС潬ĹʵʮҶӡ꿪ǧ̺ž˵ʧ֮
ϫ۾һ̾ǳԻԽóԣԽ֪ö
֮ǰȵĳѨʳһϫԷ֣ԼﵽڤʿʱȥʳЩѾûá
ҪٴͻͽԵҪѰһЩıȡ
ͺñʿճĵҩͬľҪĵҩƷȫһġ
ϫ˵ǳԻڤüȿɲǳԻ
ϫʱ죬ѿڤǳϲֻ̬޴ĶӣƵĺǻš
ʱͻȻ֨֨һͣ˽ŲȻ۾ؿǰʮĵط
һƬݴԣݴһƬĹϼ뵣޳죬һƬϦϼ
ϸȥǺȻһʮɸߵĳ֦ɺ㾧Ө󣬶Щ֦ĩϣ򴹹һſźͮͮȼв۴СĹʵԶԶȥһſŵĹʵŵһС̫ƵģͷųȻĹ
Ȼˣϱ߽ŵĹʵȿеġ潬
ñ
ϫв̾ܵÿһš潬̺żΪʧ֮ƮɢڿУΪһƢķ㣬һڣóϫһ̩ͨ
£ʮţǡһ
ڤӯӯһ˵
Ⱥݺݵͷôж̲סʳһƾӨˮƺ޲ھȥá
ڤ¾Ҫжȴϫס
ϫƺʲôɫѱЩϾзһĨ֮ɫ
䣡䣡䣡
𶯣һ뻮һĽŲ˷𣬷·ѹƬһӱýš
ϫǾͿһͨɫϴܰΧ
Щɫһɸߴͨ·ͭɣ֫Ƿһּ᲻ɴݵС
֫УŰɫı˺â˿̼Ϊжɡ롢ɭϣƬ̣ǽϫΧ룬·
ȥЩɫϾϰֻ֮࣬ÿһϵͣȳϫҪߴͣͷųϢȻڤεĴڡ
ˣȻһڵɪɪһ¶һĨ־֮ɫ֨֨
˵ЩϴһƬԭϵаЩǿ˺ܶĵ̺ͱҲΪǡ潬ʵ
ڤɿϫһ飬˵ţīһü֮ǷһĨɱ
Ǽ𣬶ȱųӣڤеܷŭ
ϣ
ϫҪ潬ֻɱЩˣ㱣ȣЩһ
ৣ
˵ʱڿնֳľǹɱ˹ȥ
һĵɫâٿȻľǹ籡ǳϫʧ֮
һȺϴû뵽ϫСޱȵġСˡͣǽһӾͱһֲ
أ
ľǹŵɫķâ׼ޱȵغݺݴһֻϣһҵײ
ֻһ˲ͱɳȥݺݵʮ⡣
óϫľǣһǹûɱԷֻڶԷͭİɫһǳǳİ׺ۣ
ǿڤʿȫһд˱֪ЩϵǶôļӲ
¡
ȳϫٳ֣ȺѾһ˻ŽϫΧסɱ
ǵǰ֫ıУŰɫâƥ涼˺ѿһѷ졣
ǵжѸ磬籼ףɭϣսֶǧľӣɲ֮
ǵķǾˣͨ¼⾫֣ѰĹֻϽһ𻨣޷˺˿
ৣৣৣ
һɫķڿգݺύܼɫϫΧ
ϫҲǰп࣬ΪԷӳȻʧ֮սʽȴĵʱһֲ
ƾսķḻ飬ϫҲڱһӳѹʱƣѿʼӦȫµսʽսҲʼһһشǰĸо
ͬʱһЩϿʼڤȷڤȻҲͳϫһһʱӦƾս飬ʱǿάסȵİȫ
¡¡
ƬݴбսҶ顢عѡն˺һյش
أ
һ𣬳ϫץסһʱ͵һǹб̶ǹЮſɲĵɫâݺͱһֻϵͫУͷ­ᴩһƬںڵѪˮȻеء
ϫһľǹҲ֮ѣΪľмɡ
û취ľǹֻһҰݵľɴĥɣӲޱȣɱϾսԸЩԶԶ
꣡꣡
Ȼϫ׼ɱֻϺ͸ȥԷʬһԷеǰ֫Ӳ


2052 
ϣ
ϫϵǰ֫оһķꪣۼľǹǿֹ
ûгɣ˫ָһֻǰ֫趯ꪣɫâ䣬ؼ䣬սԵ
䣡
һ˲䣬һͷϱƿǣӲأ
֤ƾеϵǰ֫ƿԷǼޱȵķģ
ڳϫУʧȥ˷Щϼֱһ
ͻֱײƾų˫սɣǿɱһѪ·
ǵȼƣֱ񡢴ݿ࣬ңȻûκ赲
һʱ֮䣬ѪˮоصײԼһͷͷǰļ˻
дҲ֤һ㣬ӵһֵǶôҪڣϫѿʼŤתǬ

һӺ
Բ֮ڣһƬǽ塢Ѫˮʡʬ鲼Ҳһֻõϡ
УأŨ̱ǵѪȣϫһƨڵϣڴϢ
սҹϫҲеκƣˣõЩ֧
ãѾȫߣʱѾǰȫˡ
ڤ˹´˳ϫһðɣ
ϫʼû¡
˵ţָԶڿȥЩ潬ߢˣȻ뿪ղŵս˲ע⡣
ڤ˵ͷתȥ
ûãڤͽźͮͮӨ潬ʵ˹ϫͳͳС
¡
һȵʧ֮Ϊӿϫȫ˴񡢰磬óϫò
ͬʱܵԼʵͻƣ̶̼֮䣬˿ȵɾؾĵزֻһӵпɾܣ
Ǹ磬ȿֲĽٶȷŻ޵߲ɡ
Գϫԣ㲻ʲôΪǰزڵʵޱȣ֮õûΪϵıϣֻ輳ȡʧ֮սͻһֱȥ
ͬʱڤҲʳ潬ʵսҲͳϫһŷ츲صı仯
ΨСĽ潬ڿУδʳ
ͳϫڤͬʧ֮һ飬籾ͽֻпʿĲΣ潬̺̫Ӵʳ
ϫʼսЩϵ֫嶼һһЩɶǱΪ
ϫòҶӣЩޱȵıһ𣬱ڱϣȻڤһת뿪ûκεĵ顣
Ǹ뿪ãһӰһƬսУе¹򢻢ۡĿе򼣬ȴһԶƵǹ֫ڡָԶûе顣
ǳ֮󣬱˴˲δͻΧսʼϸֱãŸȻȥ
·һжδ㡣

ϫǷȵĵ³Ѩʱǰʮ֡
ȸһأؽɴʳһ潬Ȼ󾲾뵽һ״̬С
ϫʼһЩԼյֶΣЩռǰ֫һһдһؽذɫϡ
ڤһ࣬ţһƬ񾲣ƺѵõΧ
˵뿪Ժֻ
ڤȻʵ
ϫһδͣжڵԺǿԽƬʧ֮ܳײ͸һĶƿأٲΪǡ
ڤʵǷ
˵ʱһųϫƺżΪҪ塣
ϫĬƬ̣ȻЦΪʲôôʣĪѾϲˣ
ڤ򴽣̾ѾƯһԪ£ټƯˡ
ϫɫ࣬ͣж˼ãŤͷڤ˵ѵѰٵռ;ֻͨе֮طڰ˼ԪУ
ڤش𣬳ϫ¿ʼжһߴϣһ˵ǿ׷ѰĿ꣬ҲĹ磬㲻ԸƯȥҲӦõʱڣط
ڤأ
ϫɵұҪ뿪ҵĸĸʦšͳͳ磬ҲܶǶ
ˣڤƺЩɺǶԵģȥȡ
ȵȡ
ϫסʵҪһʲô
ìһĳߡָìΪ״÷һЩ
ڤͷҲش
á
ϫЦӦ

ҹĻ١
ص־Ź֮״ϡ
޺ããҹɫ쳹Щܾʧ֮еݷһٴγҹɫ㳲ʼظ˲֪µ
ϫû뿪һ³ѨɫͷųܸȤԲھȥж
Ϊûҵһɡʧ֮ţֻһЩʧ֮Դ䵱;
ڤҲû뿪Ȼ˼ʲô£þδκζ
ֻǾãʳһ潬ʵ֮󣬾һֱԵúܰ
ֱҹʮ֣ϫƺһʺڤʹõĳì
ìְͨɫìֲ״ìϸǱϫһЩܵͼƣƽһصɫʡ
ˡ
ϫŴ߶ìʱһԽìİɫ󣬷ɱ·ӳл˹һɱ˵ԡ
ϫ˵ͷһìòĺܼ򵥣ʮϵǰ֫ɣϫõֶΣʧ֮Ϊõôìκαﶼȫͬ
̸ӣڵʧ֮ʹãԷӳ֮

ڤ֪ʱ˹һ˳ì˵
һԺϲ֡
ϫЦŽìݹȥ
ڤи֪һ˵ԤҪ̫ˣл
ͺá
ϫЦЦֿʼȥԼĽ
һжƻ
ڤһ࣬ʵ
ǵʵҴѴ˴һʱܾ֮أȻרѰҼȡʧ֮ķӵ˿ǿߵʱ뿪Ҳ١
ϫ
⸽ƺûж潬챦ˡ
ڤü
峿ǾȥϵϳɨһҾͲѲһЩ
ϫƺ׼Ц˵ɨϵϳǾͼȥطʧ֮֮󣬱Ȼδֵıˡ
ڤ˵ͷҲã
ʲô
ϫɻ
ѼĶҪָһݣܾĳѨܿ
ڤ˵
ϫЦʼǾģҲһݡ
лˡ
ڤϫ֮ԴӦȫǿϡ
ϫһۣЦЦûٶ˵רΪԼɫרע


2053 
һ磬ҹɫȥϵľҲ֮ȥֲʧ֮еҲ¹ݷ״̬С
ϣ
һƽڵ³Ѩ͸һζ
ϫϵĽǰϸ
˽Ĵ硢ָͨܲŷܵķͼİɫ
ϫһʧ֮뽣ͼâ뵡硢籡һɶĿ֮Ľâնи͵ı
ãһʱˡ
ϫ˵ͷ˽˸֡䡣
ǷҪˣ
ڤ˹̬޳һ£һͷŨܵڷԺ󣬱һ˰ɫìǰĹգΪƽһɲӢ
Ҫһȡ
ϫֱڤѨ⣬ȻתԼһ̫ȫҴһ󷨡
˵ţѿʼ֣ȡһЩѴõĲϣһѨרĲ
ЩϽԶЩϵǰ֫ӯһ˿˿ʧ֮
Ȼ޷÷ɳϫյķ󷨣ǿԲһЩ͡
Ȼ̸жԤãһ⣬ҲǰӶ
ϫܵڤЩ⣬ǲƵطһĨ͵Ц⣬һš
κ󣬳ϫһЦˣǿԳˡ
ڤʵ֪ϵϳ
ϫǷһĨζЦ⣺ɱôϣйǵϢӡУֻ谴ͼҵǡ

˵ţϫӰһͳԶȥ
һϸ緢Ųߡ
ڤһҲٳɣ׷ȥ

ʱ
ৣ
ϫӰͣһïʢֵĲݴУǰԶͿԿһ߸¡
аɸߣһСɽˣͨһĨɫ
ȻһȻ𣬶ǱɣԶԶһ͸һּ᲻ɴݣ޷ι̸С
·򿪱һͨͨ࣬̾ͷӴ󣬻͵ϡ
Ǿְصͨ
ˡ
ϫһзһĨɱ
˵ϴǧ֮ڣһλЩ꣬һ֧ϴĴɱӣ޶ѹ˲֪ٱνǳĺ
ڤһ˿ǽҲеˡ
ϫЦڳԺˣҶѹεıȤ
ڤݸ˵ҲȤ
ЩڤЦƺ𽥱֮࣬ǰǰͺȻ
ߣ
ӰһϫȻïܵĲݴԣһȰ˲Ϣ֮¡
ϫǣͷϾǼΪһִͱԷ
ͷ͵ػӶ絶ǰ֫ɷȻϫɱ
ৣ
ͬʱһĨɫӰ羪һš
ͷϵͷ­ֱֽ㲻һ
ϫӵ˿ȵɾؾսټе佣֮ɱЩ練ơ
Ư
ڤǰȻ˳ϫһۣϫսףȴû뵽սֶҲ֮ɴ䣬һɱ˷κε
ȻսȻǴѪĿвĥ³
ɻǾ˶Է
ϫʼ硣
¡
Ȼڳϫ£һͨȻ쳹һ˻糱ˮɢ
·ǧڴͨڣ֮
ȻˣǾֱɱȥˡ
ڤıֱȳϫɴְ̧࣬γϵİɫìӰ磬ֱһͨС
¡
һʱ֮䣬ͨ쳹һޱȵײ֫顢ҽе
Ҳֻš
ϫЦЦ佣Ҳһͨ

СɽȷϴϳһͨϫͿһȺһȺ糱ˮ㣬ͨӿ
˻ţӶŷеǰ֫ηĳ̵׺˫
ÿһͷӵſڤʿսһʱҲΪĵġ
һжĳϫڤԣԵѲپ߱κв
ϫʱͿڤȻһˣһìͨ룬ìЮɱǽõĹ
һ򵱹Ī֮ƣ
ǽüӢˣóϫҲ̾ѡ
ʲôһ壿
ڤƺϫڱûɵطһ˿ңЩڣסһڡ

ϫȻһЦ佣ͳȥ
أ
һն£ʮͷӴֱ飬ΪмȻɢ
һನɢǺһЩҲײ䡣
ϣ
ڤˣƺ˺ʤģɶìЮٵâһ㣬Ȼɨȥ
һ˲ǰʮɷΧڵȺԶȻ飬ըΪ׷

ϫһ
Ҳ
ڤǷһĨ
һЦղأһ۵ͨ
δϽ棬ȴڰнϾ˭Ҳ䣬һսϤΪɱУǲӿϴвϳɱǰ
ֱ֮ҡ֮ߣ
һ¿ɿЩϣһֵľ²Ƶģһһո
һӺ
أ
ڤӶìǳ߰ͷɱ֮ɱ¾ȴȻ֣ǰǿյһƬһˡ
ЩδԴӱ϶׷ɱѾܾûʹˡ
ϫпҲǡ
ಣ
£ͻȻһĨҫ۵ĽâԶҫƥ֮ն飬֮

ʶأڤìֵײһֲıڤеĳìȻ飬˸Ǳõ˳
ಣ
ڤӦһȻâصƿǡ

ϫ΢У佣һԲУһâһ𣬲ޱȵĴ̶ײŽ
䣡
һĨâղУȻ飬ϫֻ˻Ρ
ǲ㡣
һڤ̾˿
·ͻȻֻǱһֲѡ
ϫڵ˵ʱĿ䣬һâٿȻͨȥ
һտɷΧĴʯϣǶһſųɫ飬յһƬͨ
˿̣ǴпյһƬΨڴͷʯ֮ϣ̾һͷͨâϡ
̾һߣϢ䣬һɽӵİ֮
ȻȻϵ졪
ղŻڤгìĽâȻҲͷų
üһϢѿɾǿˡ
ϫסС


2054 սƷ
տʯ֮ϣһԱͫԶĳϫڤ
ȻϵϳֻɱԽЩѹεıΪС
ϫڤԲȻᣬͷӵпɵսҲȻ塣
ǸĻһͷһͷ
ɱٰһοһЩĳì
ϫ˵һ䣬̤Ǵȥ
ǿɾͶлˡ
ڤ˵ͷͳϫС
ٲȻһӽģԵø֮򶨣ɹǣǽȴδٷ
ͫ׷âעųϫڤ߽Ҳ֪оһЩʲô
飬Ѿ߱˾˵ǻۣ˼ͨ͸㷴ľٶϫü
ҲڴʱȻڣɳƣĦ˵ҲǻɬѶ֮
óϫɻ󣬵˵ʲô
ڤ˼Ƭ̣Щȷƺ˵ѿǲߡ
ϫһݣЩš
ʱǽٴοڣ˵һλɬڣͫеĹԵ
һΣسϫʣڤɿ˵˵ͶΪŹһΣ򡭡
ϫüɱǣ
ڤ˵ͷ
ǺǣһôĿ
ϫЦϵһ佣𣬽ңңָԶʯϵĽ
Զֱӵսʽ
һĻƺŭǽ͵طһ߿˻ڳϹ⣬ɱ֣Ƭռ䡣
ǲ֪
ڤƺ˻˼ϷһĨŭ
ৣ
ϫȥֽΪһ磬ǽɱȥ
䣡
ͬʱǽҲȻǰ֫һԻƽɵľ棬˺ʱգͳϫս
һʱ֮䣬Ƭʼ𶯣ıڱ顢ѣɲսನɢֱҪﳹ׻ٵ
ڤ㶯֣ٽֳĶԽ󣬾ͶԽ
ϫȵ
ಣ
ڤչжӰƮҷָ̣ӡҫ۵ĵɫâͳϫһлǽ
𣡡
˻ƥһǰ֮֫УʮͷųƣóϫһʱԿ
ϫȴ޵սֶκܴǳͨκĹţǿһս
óϫвһ˿ɻѵʧ֮еϵûγĵͳУ
䣡
ţϫĶһսϤõ¡
޷ͷų֮ɵƾֽɣڵʧ֮ɱҲǾ֮
Ƭʱ䣬ƾսϵľƣټڤһϣϫѽռƣʼѹǽ
ȻҲʶһ㣬ʱñ˻ԽԽ񱩡
Խ¶ıҲԽԽ࣬õóϫսʱࡣ
أ
ûãϫץסһᣬǺӵȻڽָϣƿһѷ죬ѪȻʶ
ӴǱһõɳȥʯڶҳһ
ৣ
ôʱڤһԾ˫籧̫ΪһӡЮųʢĹ⣬ݺڽͷ­ϡ
꣡
Ǽƽɵͷ­Ӳұ⣬沿ٶѹѣԵ쳣
ɼˣ˻ҪΧ
ϫɿԸˣѹסԷһ˿ϢĻᡣ
ڤûϹ̶ʮ֮䣬ǽǽû˺ۡǰ޹⣬Ҫױ顣
ɱ
ϫХ׽˶Է
ɾڴʱǽȻһɬѶļټõڤɫ͵΢΢һ䣬סϫѾһ
ֻһϫһ˽ͷ­öԷһͺȻأжʧȥ
㡭
ڤЩƺɱ֮󣬲ûκһ˿ϲãЩ硣
ôˣ
ϫһ㣬Щɻ
ղ˵ǼɱҲ˶ˡ
ڤ
ϫȻΣˡ

ڤɫ˵ˣǵĳ֣ѾһƬĦע⣡
Ħ
ϫɫű֣˭
ڤҡͷ̾ϢұʱҪɱһʾɻһ
ϫʱȻҸˡ
ڤ˳ϫһۣ㣬ɱ˾ɱˣȻȥһȿǷ֪Ħ
ϫ˵ͷתƻڽˣҲʱսƷˣҿЩȲˡ
ǾͿʼɡ
ڤЦһ

ţ
һƬΪĿտѰãϫһﶼûѰҵЩȻ
ټһȺĳѨУһﶼûУ
ڤҲЩɻ
룬һʬһı԰һϺõĳìˡ
ϫǽʬǰ̾˿
أ
˵ʱһնǽʬСĽ֫һһи뿪ʱĿⲻһƳ͵ؾͿ¶ʬһȭͷСͨӡ
һϫ¿жϳһǽһ֡

ϫŽһʧ֮עУʱʶиֳһƬռǿռУѻһɽĸֱҲиɫҩݡһЩϣ飬ⱦĿ֮
⾹һ౦
ϫһʱϲѣʧܹ֮ҵһֵ޷
Ҫǣϫһ²ŸȷţЩϴѼıȻⴢУ
սƷûһˡ
ϫЦԼķָһڤ
ǸϽ뿪ɣղֳĶ֮󣬿»вⷢ
ڤɿ˵
Ҳд⡣
˵ţѺɣȥ

ಡ
ڳϫǸ뿪һϴ񷼫ԶٿȻһӰ
ǺȻһԼĪĴָϸͨܲϸƬһѪɫޡ
ΪصǣһڵĳʮɷΧô
һڷһϿ̻ãշһ˻ٿȻڿնȥ
ڤһ˻һó˼Ȼǡ˭ҲɱףĦһŹǵģ

³ѨС
һأϫͺڤһսƷ
ЩսƷ̫࣬ѻʮɷΧСһСɽһʱ֮䣬Ѩб磬Ȼԡ
һ£ǲżжˡ
ϫ૵
ȵȣҪһݣɱˡ
ڤһѵ
ĸҡ
ϫȻ˵ʱȻһУһѱеһ񲯣ŵɫƤ


2055 ط
ɽԡ
һ񲯰㷺ŵɫâƤۣǺһȣȴԵüΪر
ΪټһѱУֻһƤ
ϫ̽־ͽзֻƤĩ߳һ߿һֲִڵʸС
ϫĿʱʱһŤַѪ֮
һֳϫȫûм֣ǹϡԭʼԵüΪر
ϫ²ⲻصֱȻһƬʧ֮еһ塣
ôƤϾдʲô
ϫüϸãҲûƲʲô
ϵߵ֡
ڤһȻҲע⵽һС
һˣϫһĶͷȥȣΪʧ֮飬ǾñȻҲֲͨŶԡ

еȱ֮ɫЩȻڤֹһ֮ܿ׹
ԴضųϫݹĵɫƤʱƣһ۾һ󣬵Ǽòҡζ䣬֨֨г
ģʲô˲õĿ㡣
óϫ棬ڤ˵Щʲô
ڤ˿ƺҲЩ޷ƽӯӯòòһ˵һԴķ
Դ
ϫһ˼׹¾ǡʧ֮һֳƺˡ
ܿ죬͹˲˼Щܵģ
ڤ˵ͷҲܲѡ
֮ǰʧ֮һ֪⡰ԴĴڣҲҲȥ
ҲֻƾʳЩ̺ԴʵַȻɶȥ˽ʧ֮ȴûκΰ
޵߶ԣֻ˽شֱӵķʽ
ϫҪ֪ʧ֮תȻҳ˵ķš
һԵɺϵذǰóϫɿܲˡ
ܲȰƤϵһһ˵
ϫһָ侲
ãԡ
ڤ˵ţѾʼȽ
ϫһྲȴţһǿҵֱֻҪԼҳһЩϵľϣƾԼо飬Լյĸţͨһ
ȫԳΪԼԿٳһʺԴľѷų

ʱ
ڤ˺ȵĶԻɫЩʱϲʱüʱȻƺʲô⡣
ôˣ
ϫסʵ
ùŹֵš
ڤһͷɿ콫Լյķһһ˵ԴʼڷѪԨ϶ͨ顢¶лжԡԨšͿ춼
£ǧֻ֣ɬ֮ԳϫǳԣһʱҲʱü
ȷŹ֡
ãϫ૵
ݣԴΪģ;ǴѪ⡢ǡѨϡꡢȵȵط֣塢ꡢĵȵϵ
ڤɫרע棬˵ճԣκηƺ԰쵽һ㣬໥ͻ֮Ѫ֮֮Ƕ޷ںϵģǻ֮͵֮ͬҲǱ˴塣
˶٣֮ܶһɣǰմ˷мķջ߻ħ
ڤ˵һҲ٣ϫͬҲΪɻ󣬵ȴвͬĿ
ڤ㻹ǵʳЩʱȡԴô
ϫʵ
ȻǵãԴԭӵе޷ںϣҲδͻ
ڤ˼
ӦҲǵãЩǼȡԴֹڴǵѪƤĤѨϡҲꡢĥµġת֮С
ϫõԴƶϣԴյ䲻ͬȴǰ󣬼ݲΪԣŻõԴķҲú˽ȫͬ
ڤһ˵޲֮
ϫ˵ͷҡҡͷȷǣⲿʺȥҲȥ
ڤɻΪΣ
ϫܼ򵥣ʽЩϵʬڲָƣղҽ˷ʽԱһ£ŷ֣һרΪһе˹·ߣҲֻϵϡ
ڤʱ׹ҲζţҪ˷ţȻͻˣ
ϫ˵ͷ
ڤЩʧ˵һǶԣһֵҲޣ
ϫ˿ȴЦˣЦѰζֻҪ֪ľϣ㹻ˣ
⣿
ڤȻ
ǿⲿİأԼһʺе;
ϫĿƣԵ쳣š
ڤҲƱͷȣȻԣⲻ

ûгɣ˵жжڽʱУϫûһֱ³ѨС
е񶼱ݺͿԴķϣûκһ˿и
ڤԭҲôɵ֪ϫӵԶ֮ԼֿѰʱʱͷˣʼרĳ䵱Ľɫϫ
ʵҲˣҪ֪ϫ񣬵յŶǺ̺಻ʤ
οɲֹЩͬʱ˵ڰ˼Ԫ֮С߼Ԫ֮СԪĻ֮У
ÿһԪĴУһƴϵԼʽط
ټϳϫԭʦɽóľǷ֮£ϫʺȥһȫŵѡΪ۵ĵ̣Ѵﵽһʷǰĸ߶ȣ
ȥһȫµţɳϫɲκһ˿Ĵ⡣
һȫµʽҲʹһȫµѰ;һһ;гκһ˿ĲأȻ;߻ħɵ
Ⱥ˭޷ܵġ
ڳϫȻҪһȫµʽǾҪºΨˣܱ֤;УԺҲκε
ǻ˼ϫδżжǿʼԼյĸϵзţٽԴԣʼݣȥ̽Ѱͼҳһķ
Գϫԣһ飬ҲһûгԹһʽ
֪һУѾǣһϽɰİأǸ磬֮ɱˣ
ԭܼ򵥣һȫµʽҲζһȫµϵһȫµĵ;һɹˣҪ߸򡢴عеĸֲɣ
һλڴһȫµй򣬿֪ε֮ɣ
ϫһӰ죬ĽֻԴԴ˽ԴӶﵽƬʧ֮Ŀġ
ȶԺһǰĴ籩
û֪


2056 
ʱҴҶţܿǰʱȥ
ЩϫһֱǱУżеƣʱʳһЩѹ챦
ЩϳѨѹεĸɫѱΪ֣ϫһݣڤһݣһݡ
ÿһݵı֮࣬άϵųϫһʱڲΪսġ
һº
Ǳ״̬еĳϫеһƣӿͷʱֳһȥ
֮ǰͽܹԼʳıһ࣬Էƣ֮༰ʱ
һΣȴһա
ϫȻΣʶԼ֪ѽЩﶼʳһɶ
Ȼʳô౦˽ƣ֮⣬ĺôҲԶ׼
ڳϫսѾӵɾؾͻȴ޽ɾĵز
ʱȥԸǽȷһֻҲûʲôˡ
ΨһڣʱٸϫһЩ֮ǰʳıҲóϫսٵõ
û취Щ̺Դϫ
һжóϫʶƾЩ֮ԴԺֹûʲô
֮ǴһֿԴķţΨҲͿĦԴһȥԾеԴ
֮ǰϫѾȿ˽⵽ԭʧ֮У£λߡ
ĦҲһֻǧɷΧͨڵľ޴ݣʱҹɫռԴ
ͬʱĦҲһƬߣϫɱĽĦ֮һ
һͷͨƽоſͷ­ƥʨޣĦһƿʧ֮һƬ򣬺Ħˮˮ
ԴһͨߴͨԴ䡢ϵĹϴ
λʵɲ⣬λҲ߳һλĦɵ֡
ͬԴҲƿʧ֮еһƬΨһλ߲ͬǣƿصƬΪʧ֮ʼԴ֮أɰ㣬ûйԴκ鶼Խ׳һ
ĦǰһƬУ
д˱֪Դʧ֮еĵλǺ֮ȻͿɲ
ڳϫԼҪ˽ʧֱӵһаأӶҳ֮ԺƱػλʧ֮߷ˣܻᷢͻ
ԣսûдﵽԺͶԷĵزʱϫҲֻܵ͵£ĬĬƣԼ

ϫȻЩƣȴ֮һµǱݣѾԿԴķһµ
ʣµľǽŵľϸһһһΪḶ́ݲκεĲһҪѲٵʱȥĥ
ϫѾˣĴУȷһϵĹǼܣʣµϸҪѲٺķ̫ľ
ֵһǣϫѸһδһ֡Դ
ʷ֮ȺӣԴ֮أʳΪԴ
ţ
ϫȻ֣һֱػԼһڤ˿̾ǲⳲѨС
ȥˣ
Ҳڴʱһ΢ŲԶڤ޳Ӱ
ڤ֣ϫ˿ͳԾ֣ڤһ˿ɱ֮͸Ѫȵζ
ղƺսˣ
ϫʵ
š
ڤڳϫһ࣬˵ͷƲԸ̸⣬ʵôнչ
ãѾһЩüĿ
ϫЦЦ
Ǿͺá
ڤ˵ͷƺЩĲɣһīü䣬һ˿εɫ
óϫüڤƺʲôң
ڤƺЩȻϫĶҡͷ飬Լһ㹻
˵ѷһĨȻ֮ɫ
Ⲣδܴϫеɻ󣺡ЩӾʲô˵ҿʵİ
ڤˣ̾˿ֻһЩС鷳ʮǰƬʱʱؿʼһЩ飬¹أƺڿ̽ͼǵĶ
˵⣬ѾóϫУֱӵǲĦģ
ڤƺҲԤϵϫܹµֻǵ˵ͷץһ̽ӱһŸȷһжĦָʹ
ô˵λĦǴҪΪȥĽˣ
ϫ˼
ô򵥡
ڤҿֻһͷѣԶֹĦ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ļǵݡ
ݣ
ϫԺһѿڵΪߣһ磿
ڤҡͷӦˣĦڴʲô⣬Ҳжϳ
ϫ˵ͷĬβŵΣվһƾ޷ͶԷ⣬һԷҪץסǣЩˡ
ڤҵĵҲһ㣬ЩѾɱˣԺ»иĵ˷
ϫ̾˿Ǹ鷳
˵ţѳ𣬵Ǳ뿪ˡ
ڤȻ뿪
ϫͷǵܾ֮ѱ¶׳Ϊʸ֮ģ̫գתأһԷɳɱʱתƿɾЩˡ
ڤ룬ҲΪȻأô죿ˣ¾ͻΪйŭĶ󡣡
ԸԸһߣԸ⣬ǾͰѰһȫܾӳѨԸ⣬͸һ·ǻգ޷ȫԼ׼
ϫ
ڤ˵ͷתȥˡ

峿
ϫڤһϢ뿪һ³Ѩ
֮ǰϫڶѨ߲һط壬ЧԷҲһʱ䡣
ھ˼֮󣬾ִҪͳϫһ·⵹óϫ֮࣬ҲпȻΪҲ壬һЩ޵߿Ҫǿϲ١
ಣ
ѡһ򣬳ϫŲʱնȥ
սȴ޽ɲ֮ϫڤʩչֶΣŲʱձ֮һ
ھҪǰϫҲ֪뿪һƬˣΣ֮

һԭܾӵĵ³Ѩǰ
һͷڷ߾һɷХѪͫ䣬ǳѨڣһ㶯ҲûУ
ˣҹӴ˵أȷδκ쳣
һֻܡḥ̂ͨ巺ű֮ɫ޴һĲݴ͵سɽš
Ź֡
ڷһ޴ĺɫһͷųһƬɲɫ磬ݺǵ³Ѩڡ
䣡
ȻһҵĹһƬɫɱ£ǳѨھԣһй⡣
ţ
ڷͫһ͵һĨɫſһڹ⣬˺ʱգݺɱȥ
һҡضĺǱϫڵ³Ѩڴ󷨺Ȼ顣
ˣڷߺɣΪһӰٿȻ˽ȥ
κһıŭٿȻǵ³ѨдˣѾˣȥ׷


2057 ɫ
ৣ
ϫӰٿȻֹͣԶһǧﷶΧľ޴ˮα̣̲죬Ϊ׳
һв֪Ĳɫ֮ϣһƬ䡣
һ£ָٸ·Ҳ١
ϫ˵һ䣬ͽǺһ࣬ʼܻ̽
ɶŲ֮ãһ·ϲδʲôգճϫҲЩԲ
ڤȻҲЩƣǲ޷ԡ
شһУһôԶδ˴ĺ˷
ãﻹ㰲ȫ
ϫȷܲΣ֮󣬳һϥأһ
ڴʱԭƽĺϣһŽһˮһɳͨ帲ӨӨƬżƳĴ˳
ӯȻޱȵԴβһڣ羪β¡һǧˣݺݳϫǸǶȥ
ϫĻ뵽Σûڸˮ֮У
һӣͱһ͵Ϯ֣æӰһܿ

ɫ㷢һŹֵƺڳЦӴƮҷУҡͷβģԵú͡
ϣսŲ൱ɲζѣҳЦǡ
ڤڿնзһĨɱ
ɻжǾ޴ޱȵĺУ㣬һһζ
ըһӳǧϰɫ㣬ڿгգڣȫڳϫϣԵú֮
ǵȼƣһȺˮеĺƵ㡣
⡭
ڤҲЩȻû뵽ǲŸյִƬѣǳôˡ


ЩɫУ춯أ·սǰĲãŽضɫ䡣
ǺһȺ顣
ϫڿնЦ˾ҵθڣΪһٰΣ
̸̬ЦԵ쳣֮ݡ
㻹⿣
ڤȻ
㳢һ֪ˡ
ϫЦһ䡣
¡
̸ʱǳǧϰ١ǵصɫѿʼһɲΣЮԴԣϫǺݺѹ
һɲǣƬ绯Ϊˮ֮磬ããһƬƥɱʮ֮
һȺɾڵ飬һʱɵƿ֪εȺƴ
ɶԳϫڤԣϵѸ޷κεв
Ƭʱ䣬ѳɫȺɱ˼أɱѪգȾˮ
ǽʣµһЩɫŵĶӣˮգ۾ʧ
ϫҲû׷죬̧һӣЩɱɫȫ£˺ϡ
Ȼ佣ʼһһʽɫ㡣
㡭òҪЩްɣ
ڤһ࣬Щš
ϫЦЦЪţȻ֪ˡ
յʱ
ϫȼһ𣬲ľһʧ֮ıȼĻʢԵ
Ȼһǰ֫ƶɵļª¯ϣ¯źˮԼһЩϫѼϵģҳԴ
ˣϫһѶõӨŽ¯
һУϫóһϸɫ̣һЩ⴮ʼ˿㡣
ۼϫֽ䡢׼һУڤãڸȷţղųϫûпЦĶ⿡
һ˿һ޵߻Ȼϲ֮
ڤֹһ
ɲ֪ڵ꣬ϫҲһλڳ賬Ȼʦ
ڴʱһ࿴һ۾ֱ䵱ŵпʼƮζʱеĿˮ˳һ֮ģ

տȻϴǰˮ̲죬羰续
ˮ֮ϣڡ¯ðݡɢޱȵ㣬һ࣬һ֬Žһⱻϫýͣζ
ζʵݣ·ܰθе׹޲ܴá
ڤѲʳ˼֮ᵽζʱʺҲһ£Щ⶯
ȣһֳ԰Ĵ״̬УӨĿˮڵأԼȴȻ㡣
ˣԡ
κ󣬵ϫһʢ󹦸ʱ˵꣬ͼһһһ鿾ϣ˺ҧ
ģһֻӣһͷ۾̵ǡ
ˣϫݸһ鿾ݸڤȳ
˵ţһ¯ȡһ˶ͷһ룬˺õʢ˽ȥ
óԡ
ڤһڿ⣬ϸϸ׽ãв¶һĨֲͣһ䣬ܺóԣ
ٳ
ϫЦһݹȥ
ڤֽӹӣһڣ̲סͷһ´ǣδƵ޵ԡ
ڣ˿̼ǰ̬Ҳǳһķ飬óϫһ
ðΣЦһ£ó˰ɣ
ڤæͷˣˡ
˵ʱ̲סٴγ
ˣϫЦЦҲһƨڵϣź磬ʼ
Լ飬Զ续ʳζ˾ʵޱȡ
ѵа
ϫвпһ·ϵıϧǰĶݰ

һ
һʢĻȳԵöƤԲɳϺ˯˯Уצﻹأ߬һ˶Ŀ⡣
ϫڤھޡ
ɫ̺żΪԴô⣬ԸܵսԷű仯
ϧûҵţ޷ֽһԴܻõĺôֻࡣ
֪ɫǰҹĻ١
ϫӾʣɫ㶼һһʰװһŴӽڻõɫС
ȻڤһѰһƧ֮أһ¿ռ䣬Ȳ˽ȥ󷨳׽һƬطڸ
һУҹɫ񷣬ɫȻֶ
ء
Ϥ޺ʧ֮˷쳹ããޱߣЩݷڸе鶼ѳʼҹɫɾкµԴ
һϫûоޣҲûǱȥлδƵġԴǶڵ¿ռڴ۲һС
һοĦԴϣҲ˸һӰ
ҹĻ֮ʧ֮ȷòͬˣһУԴϵľɫ
Ǿߵתزɲ⡣
ԳϫԣҪġԴƱػǾˡ
ΪǾ̺Դ֤ԴСĹؼڣ


2058 
ҹĻϣɫƮ꣬ء
ĦԴλ߸԰ռλã޷ЩкԴȫȡ
֮һֹɢƬʧ֮ĴϣЩޣڼȡЩ©Դ
񣬳ϫѾܹ֪ЩԴĴڣŨҺ¶Ʈҷ£дһԿܵջ
źǣϫûܿġԴҲζ޷ͨķʽȡЩƮµԴ
һɽǰȴֻţ޷ȡߣоȻ̸жˡ
һУóϫᶨ˾ơԴͷ

һ磬ϫٴ̤·;
·ϣϫҲûţǱйءԴľϸڣ飬ͳͳڤ·
ɶŲʮʱ䣬һ·ϵҲоգͨ̽Ƿųû뿪Ħ߽ķΧ
νĦ߽磬һƬĦƿص
˵ʧ֮繲ΪĦƿصĦ߽硢ƿصľ͹ԴƿصĹԴ硣
ճϫ뷨ǰǾ硢ȥǹԴ硢ֻҪܹ뿪Ħ߽ˡ
ͬʱǷɶ;УϫҲѼ˲ٱʳԴʵΪ
ڣϫڤսﵽʥɾǿߵĵز
ϧʱƣϫҲǽ֣ѾѰٵʺսı
Ħ߽еıϡ٣ڳϫڤսɱ̫죬ʵҲ̫ߣҪıƷȻͱԽԽ
ڴˣϫǲδֻ̫࣬ҪܹԴҲһҲԿս
ΪҹĻϵľʧ֮Ҳ˵
·;ϣҲֹһεغܾĦ߽е鷢ͻкüĶ̫ǿ󣬳ϫǲòĶӡ
ȻһжԳϫڤԣȻǲֵһɹΨһ˵ǵǣǵѾһδսй¶ȥˡ
һĦԼ٣ǿѵĻᣡ
ϣܹĦ֮ǰ뿪һƬɡ
ŲŲƷɶݣ·;ҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿóϫƾһĨΣС

Ħ߽硣
һɽۣ֮һΰׯࡢͨīĵ
ơ֣͸һɲַϡ
˵أĦ֮̾ڣ
ˣ
ͨڡǧɷΧĦڴ룬ס
ϣȥ
һͷڷڵϣش
磿ߣĪΪͷƢľͷʨɱǣ
ĦЦת˲֮䣬ǻΪһ멣Ӣƥӡ
ͫ磬âһִɽӰĿɲơ
ߵģУɽԶܹΪ١
ĦԼ仯зһпôȥͷһʶ࡭
ڷڵأɫ֮Ҳԡ
׷ɱǣס޷ɱǣҲҪǰĵ·
ĦĮ
ϣһǸı䷽ǹԴǺã
ڷһԥӲͷƤʵ
ǺǣܹУֻǸˡ
ĦҲ֪ʲôǷһĨֵĻȣȥɣ³֮ٲĺô

ڷȻ˳ĶɫٿȻ񷣬ת˲ʧããƺС
еı٣Դ˾ŸԪĸǷᱻأ
УĦૣͳصУþ÷Źڳš

һº
һƬޱȵС
ಣ
Ӱʱգ͵شгת˲ʧ
𡭡
ͬʱڣֳһǧɸߵĿɲӰһΪʵŭ
Ȼŭ˼£һӴӰǲ̤һ㣬վ˻ãŴŲʧ
ۣ
Զĵطϫɫ԰ף͵ؿȳһѪסڴϢ
һ࣬ڤɫҲЩüһĨ޷ȥļ¶
ڸղţһƬи·ʱͻȻ⵽һͷǧɸߴ׶͵Ϯ
ԳȴֻܲһɭȻ׹ǳ̣Ե쳣
սǿǿߣ
ͻȱʣʱ˳ϫڤһֲֻתĶӡ
ҲҺǹŹֵû׷һƬ󣬷ϫɽܷӿһˡ
㻹ðɡ
ڤһʵ
û¡
ϫҡͷüǱҪıгˡ
ڤһΪΣ
õϢһƬٷһƬƽ𺣣ִܹǾУʱı䷽ֵ̫á
ĦȻѲҪǾ磬ʴɳǿ½һ·ϣһУֻԽԽࡣ
ϫ
ЩѲֹһλɹ⣬Ϊһ·ѲֹһգǰԽԽĿɲ鶼Ƿ׷ȫѹ
ⱾԵЩΡ
ھһеɱ֮󣬳óϫȷǰȥˡ
˼ǣ
ڤüʵ
ƵȥԴ磡
ϫһڶԷѾ󲿷ͨ·;ϣǰԴľʱֻҪץʱ䣬ԷӦʱѾ̤Դˡ
ڤ룬ҲӦɲⵣģǹԴһƬ֮أûǹԴĦߴڶ̤С
ϫƺڤҪ˵ʲôϵԽΣգǶԷԽȫ
ھͳ
ڤʵ
ϫʱʼ磺ڻУȰϵ޸С
˵ţ̧ͷ񷣬οҹĻͽˣʱȺ޳ɲʺȥ·
£ϫڤһѰһƧ˵ʯѣһ¶ѨһС
ܿ죬ҹĻ٣ɫӳϡ
ڤҲٵˡ
ϫͻȻڣЩѾˡԴһصͳһ
ڤü̫Σˣ
ϫҡͷϿûо԰ȫ֮£㲻صģǳκβףһֹͣ
ڤס̾һϫ֮ðվٶȫǱƵġ
ԭֻһǣ̫Σգѵ˱Ҫƴʱˣ
һ
ϫ˵һϥء


2059 񹦸
ҹɫס
ɫƮԴʧ֮еר

һɫĹкۣܲںԸ⻨˼ȥȡ
ܿ죬һԴĹѿҪٴϣ⣬ΪһڴУȴеĲľʯ
˵ò˶ã¾ͻᵮһ̺ḻԴ滨ݣһϡ
ʧ֮еıģܾڴ˵ѶԴϰ֮Գ
û취кԴֱ̺ԴԴϣ˵ĦԴλߴڣǰƬеҲѽȫԴɡ
һΣһƱԵԴҪ׹ʱȴ͵ͣ
ͷ·һֻֽ߬סһ˲䣬͸ı׹켣Ϊһƹ⣬ʮһʯУʧ
һĻۣܲԶҹɫжûκһ˿ע⡣
ȻһԴĹ겢δʹʧ

ʯ·εѨУϫϥһޱȵɶ
һɶ糱ϫΪһֻɬתڳϫ£ͨ⡣
ļѪ⡢Ѩϡꡢġ򡭡һеһжһɶС
ǡԴһؾţϫϾŸԪĸţķ飬˼ڤ롢ŻѪ飬տһȫз
߸׼ȷǣӦһԿٵبδеһϵ
ȻֻǡԴһֻҪϫǱȥгһһȫµϵؽᱻ

һɫĹ⣬ٿȻڵѨС
һƱӡԵü䲻۵Դֻϫǵĳϫɶǣ˹
ڤһֱԱ߾۲ţһǰϫҲҪ濴һϫһǺεģ
ʶ˿̵һɫԴʱڤȻһƺĿԣ
ĻῴǳϫתǿԴһţŽһԴӵر֮ϸȡ˹
һɲڤϢһգգһâŲƣϫͷһ㿿ϫ
ৣ
̿ƻʵת˲֮ɣڤ׼ֻǰһһâٿȻӿϫڡ
ɹˣ
ڤһ
ˡ
һĨٰĵɫ㣬ʼڳϫ£˵λãһ޷ĴʥϢ
ɺܿ죬һĨɫĹʧû˳ϫڡ
ڤܹ֪һɲǣϫȻһֶصڷŷ츲صı仯


һۻӳڳϫԺУȴԵЩģ̣С
ȴ֪ʧ֮ĶϢ
쾭γת֮켣ʱ֮Ǩ֮仯֮
֮ǰϫԸܵʧ֮еĶأжϳӵеϢȴûǰ㣬֮ܵǿңֱۣ֮
ϫһֺʧ֮罨һֶϵܸУİٱų⣬Ѫˮڰ㡣
ϫ֪һ̿ʼԼϿʼ̽ѰƬʧ֮صĵ;
һУֻһ΢΢Դ
Ҳóϫȷһ²⣬Ƭʧ֮ģҹɫзӳֶľɫУ
ǲֹάϵתƬԴȪԴ֮أ
ûٶ룬ϫеͷУϸϸ֪ı仯
ԴһأϫΪ䡱֮ȡƼɵ֮⣬£Ų㡣
ֱؾ
ճϫ㣬ʧ֮дδй飬ֻҪܹ⡰䡱ؾײ͸ʵɱĴڣ
硢Ϲеϵȣϫϵƾף󣬿ֻʱȾŲ㾳磬ʵȵ컹ѣÿһͻƣô׵顣
ϵȻޱȣɾ̸ϻɬѶ෴̤еżǳ֮򵥣ֻҪûȱݣԶ˽̺ⷨС
ǳϫ˷ŵĳԺȥȥߴݼһȫµĵ;ȫµϵֱָģ
⣬ҲǿԴļֵڣ

ȷ쵽ˡ
һڤૣ
ڽʱУȻһԴɫâһֻδǣϳ¶ѨУȻ󱻳ϫһһɣΪڵ
ʼգδκεıա
෴ʱƣڤܹţϫתŵֶԽԽ죬ͷųҲǽڽǿʢ
ͬʱǱϼȡɫԴԽԽ࣬纣ɰٴϫȫ
˺ϫѷڵ˼£Źɫԣҫޱȣʥ֮
ǿ
ڤסݣ˵֮ǰھ̾ϫڳɹһȫµţô˿̵Ϊһչֳ𺳡
ϸԪ˲֪±ǨҲʶ̫̫ţȴҲһܹ񡰿Դϡ˫ģ
ֱ̫˼顣
ǻʱڤ»ᵣĳϫ˹̫ð߻ħɡ
ڣڤȴ֣ϫһ˿߻ħļ෴Ե˳˳ˮȡԴҲԽԽࡣ
¡¡
󣬳ϫڣɽڲײÿһ缡϶ҫ۳ʢޱȵ֮⡣
ȴԴͬһλߵۻʵٻ˳ޱȵرϫû
һǾŸԪһĩ֮߳ӦߣƾһţԿһͳ춨֮ҵˣ
ڤױϫı𺳺;ޣЩʧ
Ҳ֪ʶʲô͵ɫһ䣬ãϫĶ֮󣬿»λߵˣ

ʵҲڤԤǰ㣬ϫȡԴԽԽܹ࣬ҹɫУһԴܵٻ㣬˷ӿ
һĻʼֻ˸һЩע⣬ǵĲϾԴԽ࣬ɵͬڰԭԼȡԴˣ
ɵ˺кµԴһƬ貵ɫȺƵģϫڵĵ¶ѨλóȥʱЩܾڸѿʼе𾪡ֺ̿Ȼ
ΪǺȻ֣֮λߣһĻȻֹͣ
˭
ҴĦԴжȡԴ


2060 ֮
Դ꣬ҹĻк
ĦԴλʧ֮еߣ̾Ļ֮£ռк֮Դ
ȻˣҲأһЩԴɢ޷λǿȫȡ
ЩɢԴͳΪЩ̾ʧ֮еĿꡣ
ĳѾ£δı䣬Ȼڽҹȴһ
ЩɢģûܱλȡԴһ־ǲܿƵأͬһȥĲ
ֹˣ󣬵ԽԽԴϳһȥʱܾʧ֮еԶʼе𾪡ֺ̿Ȼ
ĻµλҲֹͣ
ৣৣৣ
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䣡
ɻǲ״͵һ𣬳ԾĻϵľڴ˿̾һ˿ӳ˹㣬ͷųһɹݵϢ
ţ
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һ̣ʧ֮еĸУҲһһ˻Զ͸һɾɺͿ־塣
ȻЩֲʧ֮飬ҲĻϾ䡣
Ǵӹδ飡
ô£
ѵҪˣ
ͽ꣬籩ʧ֮ÿУסڵɪɪ
Ҳ֪˶ãһе춯ʧĻϣٲָֻبŲľ״̬С
ɫԴ㣬Ӿкλáʥ
һжƽ·ղŵһжδһ
Ȼ֪룬ҹı̫أǰδУһʱƽ
춯بδ֮䣬Ҳ֪ȱζʲô
ʧ֮룬һΡɽ壬ɽۣ֮ĦԴλǿߵӰȻϡ
⴦ɽ壬ʧ֮Ľ֮أκһλС
ʶ˷壬ֽж壡
˿̣ĦĸпһͷͨȻƽɵľͷʨ޾ȻһЦǺǻվҪˣӡ
ĦƵǰ䣬ͨԴѾǵĲٲ䣬һҲֹֻڴˡ
˵ţĿȻһĬĹԴԴɿ
ʡλһֱڴģ
ԴһԴ֦ҶԾȻӨӨԣʥ
һ仰ĦͫԶײУԶĬС
ʱ򣬱Ҳζɱ٣˵ǵ޷ҪģԼѡ
ԴĮϣĪϡ
˵仰ȻͷųԼǿƥĿɲȻɨȥ
ʲô
ĦͫһĨ裬ԴǳԼƿصĦв̽ȥ
ղžԴ·춯֮ǰһɼΪر֣˲ٵԴǲ֣
Դһ˵ţһ߽һƬУϸ̽
ԣղһɶصȻСȴΪǵһʱԴ¿ʼ춯п±йˣ
ȻҲ漴ԼͷŶĦɨӶȥ
ߣ
ԹԴЩĦҲ֪˾޵ķʸʶҲֻһͬ̽ȥ
һʱ֮䣬λʧ֮ߵز֣ɲϯת˲֮䣬ھԶһƬʯϡ
һ¶Ѩ
Ѩлһ˿һɶصϢ
ԷѾ֮ززˣ˭
Ź֣ˣӹҵĪһλֲ飿
κĦԴ̳ԶһЩɲȻܹܿǵĲ̽ʧ֮ĸܰ쵽
Ҫˡ
ĦȻпһ䡣
˿Ħֿ˿ԴҪ˵ʲôȴסˡ
ǺǣǾ͵ơ
ڴʱԴǷһѰζЦתΪһƬȻޱȵӨɫ꣬ƿնȥ
ҹɫδȥԴأкԴɹԴȴû˼ƮȻ뿪ˡ
ⷴһĻõþһȷЩͬѰϼһҲľˡ
֣ϣԴһз仯ġ
Ħ޵Ѵһ˿ϾԴļޣҲֻһ̤֮۷壬һΣǶһ޶ĵλ޶ˣϧһѲɱעҪˡ
㾿֪һЩʲô
Ħ΢΢һЦٿȻӰһӴǧɷΧǻΪһλ멵Ӣģ
棿
ͫһùŹ֡
Ħ˫ָƵô޵ߵģṹֱϲԵĽ
һ𣺡˵еࣿĪǡԴѾˣ
Դ磬ӵ֮һֱһȫյ磬ӵԼ
ɾ˵УԴһʱҲͨɺȴΪһʣֳ׷
ҲǴʱйһЩŲŻŴой޵ߵĴš
һʱ̫Զִ˵Ҳ̫翣ԶҲֻţ޷ȷ١
ʶ˿̵Ħ޵ģŻԵ˳Ծ
ǰЩӣ޵ͻȻĦУϧѱҲ޷ҳǰڣͺƾճֵһ㡣
Ħڵ
ûץסǱһ

ץǣ
Ħҡͷǿһֹı仯
˶٣ǺȻһĨζ֮ɫȷղһɶص޵𣡡
ʲô
ͫһ˸ĬãʵΪҪѴŹԴ
ĦŤͷͷž㻹𣿱ѾˣҪƷԴĵλ̤ԴߵλΨһĻᣬҡҪĺ
Щ⣬ðβųƾ޵ߣΪͿԸıԴĸ֣
˵ˣǽֻһֻҪһЩԴʼϲı仯㹻ˣҪԸԴʱҪһ֡
ĦĿ䣬ͳ
ƾʲôҪ㣿
˼ãƺЩ⶯


2061 
ĦЦһģֻҪһɱԴұ֤һԴ֮ģ
Դ֮ģ
ĸ֣͵һƵƵ˸
УԴǻһԴ֮ĵһ̤㵽Ƕһ޶۷ϣ
ȻҲΪһ㣬֪Դ֮ڵģ
Ĭãųϣ㲻Ҫʧ
仰֮ͨ屩ӿһƬӲӵԣȻڿճȥҲȥˡ
ĦĿ뿪ѲƵطһĨĪЦ⣬졭Ҫˣ

Դ硣
һƬŨɽУ϶ԭʼԴɫĝƻãʥء

ԴΡɽԴɡǵ֦ҶĻڣ
ڳ˼Ĭ
һֱıĳ֣û뵽һվǲɱˡ
ˡ
ԴȻ̽һӨ֦Ҷһֻһ貶Ŀ֮ɫٿȻӿ֡
ɫʯεγ͡ԭʼϢ
һ֣ƬɽȶȾһϢԶԶһ˽סȻһɷĵľηֱ޲ڵأߵĤݣ
һ̣ԴׯࡢϡһĨȰĳ羴С
ͷ·һλϵͽڳʥ
һɫΣأһɱ˸еӿȫ
ԤƺҪˣֺʱ
Դ̾ϢһĨˡ
ūʧˣЩū֮Ѫδ洫²ƿԴ֮ʵİ
ˣ˴α治أūصԴ磬ϧ
ūԣ
ɡ


ҹʮ֣Ħ߽һߵɽУϫһӰУΣѾʧŽסһ
գ
ϫૣأЩ¡
֮ǰһ¶ѨʱȻңУǳĶõʧ֮綼Ϊ֮𶯣ĦԴ
ڤһ༰ʱѣǺֱ롣
Ҳǵȹؼʱ̣ϫƾԴһٴ߷еĽڤȵټϢرܿһǿĲ̽һɱ֮١
뵽⣬ϫһڤ˵лˡ
ڤ˿ҲһЩ£ԣʶ˵ղžô£
ϫЦʼҲû뵽ֻԴһֳ֮ĶʵЩ
ڤ˼һĺһйءΪ˹̫죬Դе֮𶯡
ϫ룬ҡͷӦòǣѾܹ֪Դرе͹򶼴һ־Եĳ״̬УǸоͺѾʧȥһ㣬һ˵ζ
ڤ飿
죬ڣɴȣͷһ˵һ򣬾ᴦһ־ԳС
ϫͷ粻ֹһκ̫Ͻ췣֮۶ԿҲʶĽѣԴ֮֮ȣֱһּС
ڤһƺʲôˣԴҪôҪҪôǱӡˣ
ϫԾô£
ڤͫзһĨ׷֮ɫò˵֮Ԫʱ֮ҲֹԾԲŸȷ
˶٣Դ֮ԪͬӵԼĶȫȴܹӴƶϣΪ֮ӡŵӴ񡣡
ڤ˼ɳϫأЩ޷ƽӡ˭ܹ쵽һ
ǿ
޷
ðΣϫŸпô˵ҪԴ뿪Ҫƿӡˣ
ڤ룬˵׼̸ЩЩˡ
ϫʱѹԳǰǵܺλԴ࿹⣬ЩȷЩ졣
ڤȻһתȻԴô󶯾Ժ㻹𣿡
ϫЦԺ󲻻ˣһҲ֪飬ԺʱԻע⾡ʲôˡ
ԴԼ죬ȻֻҪԼһЩȫԴЩ⡣
˵ʱϫֱԴһصڤȳʲôľҡ
ʱҹӳգк޾Դ
ڤҲɣ÷֮ĬĬ˼һȷûʲô֮󣬱㼴ϥأʼ
ϫһӣһƬܻΪһ󣬽һƬȫס
Դ֮󣬳ϫԲԼȫõԴĹ
ûзζŷڣͺñǰ˸ԪӡʱõıǷ
ԴҲ͵ԴĺģȫԱϫӦֵƿء
κеķţ罣Сסڰȵ͵ԶԱõԴ֮УӶͷųֿɲصƳ
ǲԴ֮Σ򣬲ǹؼڡ
ͨԴҲõóϫйԴϢ
磬ԴӴʱ䣬Ǻ翪ʱȫƣԶǰ˸Ԫ
óϫɣ翪֮Ӧòֹһ
ԴӯĶǴģ
磬ԴӴ£һֱһ־ԵĳУõйϵҲеĴǳªޱȣûγϵ
ҲζţԴ֮иܴڵͳˡ
ûеͳȻ̸ӵиĿš;ȵȵȵȡ
֮Դͬһֺɳδ״̬УһйеĻԷγɣԵûҲ
ͺñܾԴеĸ飬ܹȫһѪе츳ԷȥУûпǹҲһϵҲǿѧϰʹġ
ȻϫҲһͷжһճϫĿ⿴ǲֱǴª֮ҪǣרΪ죬ʺȥ
ҲζţԴеһС飬ӵһЩʶԶԶܹγϵ
оͺ񿴼һƬϵϣǿԵֶʢģȴľԳ״̬õһƬ񶼻δϵ
ϫ֪һʱЩʲôԴģӶԴģ


2062 ˶Ŀ
ֱ߸һĨǰףڤŴ
صһϣԭʥ͵ԵȻ
ô
ϫһֱڹעڤ̲סʵҲܺ棬ԼĿԴʲʺڤ
á
ڤǷӨ󴽽ǷһĨĻȡ
ϫʱ˿

Ȼڤһīü΢΢ʲô⡣
óϫЩţôˣ
ڤ룬Ӧҵ⣬ǰֻרע׵Ѫ֮ͻȻȥһȫµĵ;һʱЩӦ
ϫЦ𼱣ͺˡ
ڤ˵ͷʵأΪεȵزˣ
ϫڵھؾҲ൱ֻǿϧֻǿԴһؾڶؾŻûоƳ
ڤȻѾ߾ˣ
ϫʵѵ㲻ô
ڤҡͷֻڰؾ
ϫȻһҹʱѣܹﵽһѾܲˡ
ڤҲ⣬ܹ֮⼫ʱھһزؼıڣԴ֮ǰǵʵӵ˿ʥɾ
Դ֮ҲֻǶһԴֶΣԴˡ
ټʱɶǿǿߣҲζʱȫûκΪϵıϣֻҪԴʵ᲻
ˣĿԴܹмķ
ڤʵ
ء
ϫɿһأǵ侳ΪŲ㣬Բ൱ǿߵơ
ڶ񾳣Ϊأֽ죬ȡɱΪ֮⣬Բ൱Ρ
˵⣬ϫʼؽȡ֮⣬Ҳֻһ뷨ڻ޷ȥʵ֣гһյ̤ʱķƳ
ڤ̧ųϫһ԰쵽ġ
ϫЦϣɡ
ûٽ̸Ҫץʱ·ˡ
ΪŰ·һϵĻǾͲòٴݷԱܿλߵĲ̽
ǰ·ҲóϫЩģΪܸоһ·ӱ·һֱһֻε۾У

ಡ
ʱշϫڤȳŹԴķȥ
Ҳֻ֪ĦʶΪߡݣʶŻ᲻һҪ⡰Ħ߽硱
ûз֣һ·ϵκжƺѱ˿У
·ϣڤȻڣƺѾãʱڻûס˳
Ҳˣ
ϫһɫûиоǸı䷽ǰǹԴ磬ҲڱƲΪ֮
ڤ΢У˵ǵ˹ⲻ˳ǰǾģ
ϫͷһ·һֱڹ۲죬ȴûܷκ˿Ҹҿ϶˵һжһııʹ߱ȻĦ
Ħ
ڤһѷһĨɫôƶϵĻǼһ²ֹʶǵݣһ·ǵκξٶѱˣ
ͲüǣΪβ̶Ƕ֣ҪǹԴ磿
ϫͼǺǹԴΪУ˵ǰǹԴ磬ܹٺô
ڤһʱҲ˼κͷ뵽˳ĬС
ϫȻʲôĿƵڤ˵ûпЩ;飬й¶ǵټжҪ֪Щ䵱ĦĶĿĦ߽ӵᱻĦһʱ֪
ڤȻ̧ͷǿץһЩһʡ

յʱ
ಡ
ϫڤӰӹһƬɽϪûãһͷһʮɷΧİɫ׿ǣһ߲βȻһɽϪ̽Դ
ԴһС߲顣
ųϫȥĵطƬ̺󣬾һԾ˰˻һ
һͷֻзСĴƾո֡
ͨһϸС˿ĵɫ绡СȴΪ
һͷֹ߲һ󣬾һٿȻΪһɫ磬һƿʱնȥ
ˣ߲ưһ̻֫³һɽϪȥ
ͻһһ
ΪϪ֮ϣ֪ʱһһŮӰǺȻǸոȥõĳϫڤ
𡭡
߲һ˻͵ſڣҪϫڤ
ৣ
ɻжһİɫѳĲʺɱʮ㡣
˵ղʲô̰׳ˡ
ϫȻڡ
ڤһסݸ׳ˣһﵽʱ鿪Ц
߲һԾ޴¶һ־Ȼģϫ˵Щʲô
ϫʱЦԴԴĹ󣬾Ѿһ齻ԣĻῴͷڹͿ
ۣ
ûκγɣϫһֱ̣ж߲ĲѪעк
߲Ȼأױ
ôɱ
ڤȻ
Ѿˡ
ϫڵȻǴҪģҸղŴһϵļ׿ǣȫԳ䵱һϣ㲻ȱһֵĳìôôŽǰ֫һȫԴһƺǿı
ڤ˳ϫĴ㣬нסһůԭһжΪ˸С

ϫûżȥ߲ļ׿ǣһӿֳһŵɫ硣
žһһŵɫͻΪһ̵ֻڳϫȴͽ
ǺȻǸղ뿪һֻ
Ҳ³ˣֻʡ
ϫĮڣɱ磬ɻ˵꣬ǴǻһеСıض֪޲ԣ
ⷴóϫû뵽˵СвһʵҲһ·ᴫһš
ǴҲ֪˳ϫ˼ûУȳϫ£æͷɿĦˣСҪйǵһжһһ
ϫڤһۣԶһȻ˵ģ
ϫٴʵȷǵٵģ
ԥͰĦˣ֪Ħ߽У鶼ѵõĦֻҪټһ֣ҪһʱĦ
ϫͫУȻѲµһ㣬ɵ˿ȷһʱɲЩľĦʦڣΪʲô
ϫ˵ʱǴҲҡͷʾ֪Ӧò˵ѡ
ϫȻжϳĬãŵô˵뿪Ħ߽磬ᱻĦһʱ֪ˣ
ݺݵͷӢˡ
ϫȻЦЦЦѰζ㡭벻һ°빦ķţ


2063 
ǴԴһ飬ɶٶȿ磬óţսǿ
ϫĽ飬һһ°빦ţʲô˼
Եһ𣬿ɴû˵飬Żܹڣ
⡭
һ£ˣС޶ۣܷ˵һЩ
ϫڵ㲻ô࣬ҾӦӦһԸı˵Ļᡣ
Ϊϫвһҧ踺ذ㣬˵⣬СĸҲӦ
˵գ˵ʧ䣬ͷ·𿴼һҪԼûɡ
ϫû뵽һ龹ôŹŹֵֹͷ
ӦͽԴһص侳һţΪһڸ˶Է
һ˲䣬׻ðβżеһţ̫ˣ
Ȳȥ֪ܿͱв԰Ρ
㲻ΪҪô
ϫ̲סһһֱĬڤ
϶Ŀģô
ڤʡ
ϫЦЦڤ棬ȷڳһַܹɹԸıǵµĴ
أ̫ˣţ
ãǴһƿЦļУ״Ʒ񲣬ȻǿԴ侳һţ̫𺳺ͳ
ϫˣ֪ʱ죬ֱӵţҶΨһҪǡһŴȥø鶼ܹ
һð֮󣬾һĽؿųϫˣҪطȥ
ϫͷ
͵ؼе̫˲ˣ̫˲ˣ˾ټֱǹǧ£ԴԶμסΰģ
һֻ˳ޣǳϫҲЩԲɿȵֻܼذԴͬһЩѡ
ԣж۷Ứؽеˣʵ̫ǫˡ
ϫʱܲˣϵ죡Ǵ˷ţˣ֮һὫڶٴڸ㡣
͵һиķţͷİɣСĻټеĺѣһţһҪԴ磡
˵ţȲٿȻΪһĨɫ磬Ҫչж
ˡ
ϫסʲô֣
ˣССͺˡ
ǴͷҲصشһ䣬ٿȻʱգʧ
С䣿
ϫһ֡ǡְ

ڣǷԸԭˣ
С뿪ڤ̲סʵ
ò˶ãԼˣȻʧˣٶ˵Ҳ塣
ϫһЦ
ˣڤסһۣҿɵҪһˡ
ϫȻתʼʰһͷ߲ô˻ڤһֵĳì

Ħ߽磬һƬɭС
Ⱥܾ֮أ֮ҲĦ߽ġڱӪ
ԭܼ򵥣츳ʵġڱͨ籨šǴ̽飬ܷӳɹá
峤СѾˣͿξˣԸıһ˵һᣡ
һ꾥аٶɴִĹϴڲѱͿգٳΪһ޴񳲵
һأʷԶ
˿̣СǵУһͷģ
ڻһԳϫֵ֮֮С㾶ֱصУѴ峤ˡ
ϾȺȻһҪԼ˷һϣС仹Ǻ˽ģûвҴš
Сյǣ峤Դ˾أõһǻ鶼Ϊ˷ꡣ
С䣬˵˿Ħͨĵˣ˵أԴ磬ô˵ʲôˡ
峤˵һͷͨޱȣзŲɣ֮ɫ
ҿ㻹ǾѴĦˣɼпĦ˵Ĳɱ֮ʱùĿɲԼһ壡
һ˵õСӿ˼Ĳʺί͵ؼеˣˣǲı䣬ҾͰøˡ
˵ţѻΪһĨ磬Ȼȥ
ǸѪ򵥵Сһﰡ
峤̾˿˺ܾã߷꣬˪᲻ףƽ޹ʵڱĵ
ֻȥݼĦһˣˡ
峤ⲽҪ߳Сղһ
ıȺ˵Ļ᣿
٣ȿһţ
峤ԥˣĬãûסеĺ棬ʼĦСµһصš
죡
Ƭ̺󣬰峤һһ̾
죡
úλ˺ܾõһ峤ûסе𾪣ʧ
죡
ֱÿһʱ䣬տĴоͻһ԰峤ľԵûֿЦ
ڴֻӶһȻ峤ôˣȻûɵСһСУ̫˼ˡ
λӾɲʱ򣬾͵ڴ峤𼱻ǵĴ
죡ټȫʿҪᣡҪһԸı˵һ£ޣ졭죡죡죡
һӣλӲΪ峤ˣڶ峤أǻʶչж
һ죬һԶһضصȫܣ·𿴼˸ı˵⡣
Ҳһ죬ڰ峤£һɳһӶ̽ʼһдȥ
ǷĦ峤ѾںˣǸıȺ˵Ļᰡܴ


ԴҲˣ
ǰⲿ֮Ըоʵĸı䣬ֱ̫ˡ
Զԣ˵⹦һĴͣĺء
Ħ߽УĸȺ֪λˣ˵ⲿиķء
԰Ժɲܵλˣлúúñλ˵塣
Ҳ뷨ǧĦ֪ˡ
СһйؿԴ侳һصķҲһʮʮ٣һ־ޱȵٶȺܿӵĦ߽Уܾڴ˵֪
֮㣬ѳֳԭ֮ƣ޷赲ʱĦԳ棬Ҳؾ档
ˣˣ
һͷڷֻ߲̳ĦڵڴУеˣˣ񡭡
˵꣬ͱһĮϵϣ˵ˣѾˡ
УĦΪ멵Ӣģޱ飬
ˣȻףʲôָʾ
ڷ߽Ƶ
°ɡ
Ħ˻֡
ˡ
ڷһ
£
Ħ
ڷ߻һæ˳˴
Ҫ뿪ʱ͵һЦӱĵд
ǱǡǸ˱һľϲ


2064 Ԥ
ҹɫīɫӳ񷣬ضʥࡣ
һƧϪ֮ϣϫһҶ񷡣
һ࣬ڤϥһɫɶìب˫ϥϣԱĿ
һ࣬ɫ棬תԴһص侳ķɿƮԴ
Ȥǻûг֡
ϫȻڡ
ѾǡԴ侳һķȥĵ죬ҹУĦԴδԵúǷ
ڰԲߣҪֹһб仯
ڤȻ
ʱУǲδͣ²ֻǰУҲԸܵԴյı仯
һжǡԴĴ
̫ˣ
ϫǶû뵽Сж֮죬õáԴ̶ʱһŰķ籩㣬ӿؿ
ϫһ·УѾ֪ǿԴ侳һš
ȴٶȣֱǾףɴҲƶϳ⿪ԴԴǺεܻӭ
ͬʱйسϫҲ֮񣬼еԴ鶼֪õһķԳϫУƳ絽˼¡
ϾԴУɻûһžܹԴǰ㣬ʺȥȡõĳЧ֮
ֱǿʷ֮Ⱥӣبδ֮ʢ£
ֱ仯Ҳǳϫڴġ
֮ӽԴ侳һķڸСһ̿ʼϫѾԤһŵĴעԴиϵĸı䣡
ΪѾֻһô򵥣һǰΪϵԴĴϿʼȸѿˣ
⡭Դδйı
Ҫ֪ݳϫжϣԼִԴ֮ǰɸûϵҲûеͳûĿź͵
ϫ˾٣һδѹĴŮϲһӣԴԺӰ첻ɹ
Ψһϫû뵽ǣСĴٶȵȷ̫ˣķӦҲ̫
ڣһϪˮ֮ϣϫܹ֪ʮ飬תԴǴԴ
ֻǺͳϫԴʱͬЩԴʱδʲô춯صĶ
⵹Ҳܺ⣬ϾϫȥĲŽֻǿԴ侳һķѡ
ò˶ãһЩ᲻侳һķʱСȻطҡ
ϫЦ
Ŀģ
ڤʵ

ϫ̹ȻԴоĿףܾڴ˵ԣֱųߣҪıǵĴֻȸıǶǵ̬ȡ
ֻҪǽǡмǡĽǣԺԴежȻܿ಻Ҫ鷳
ǺĦԴΪУ֮еһҲ֧ǣ㹻ˡ
֮򣬴ӮĺøкΣĦǣ˭ΪУ
Ҫ뿪Դ磬ҲƱ벻Щİǰռ̽Ϣȵȵȵȡ
ڤ٩٩ԵĳϫһڴﲻһĨԵ壬ɴûǰ˾ǰһ֮Զ
˵⣬ϫȻüȻôĦԴǵľ裬ǵӣҪԴҪԼ
ڤΪȻ˵İҲǰھԵʵǰҪԼʵ˵
ϫ̧ͷĻϵľɫ˼ڣλѾûҲǱǵһϵжһֲ·;ϣǲܵţһΣ٣Ȼ֮
ڤɫҲࣺԣô
ϫʼǰԴ磬ֻ֮ǰȡǿԴڶ񾳵ķƳһǱԽԴµԼսٴͻͽ
ڤ̲סʵأҪһЩʲô
ϫһЦͰչ˺Ⱦˡ
ڤЩεһǵһη֣ԼʲôҲﲻæķһ
ϫæؼȻҪؼʱ̳ĪҪԷƱϾԺԴ磬͹ԴɱطͻҿҪ㶦
ڤбһۣû뵽㻹ͦᰲο˵ġ
˵ԼѽסЦҹɫ£ɫ¹ӳĵǸɾԵ쳣ʥ೬Ȼ
ûٵ飬ϫǳҹɫ·
ѾȫͬĦԴλһ̬زټܾԴϵһԶܵϫݣѲ֪ı˶Դϫ̬ȡ
£ϫȻǰһҹݷ

ڶΡĻֺС
ĦһϮ멣ϥأһƤϸģżᷢһͲŵ̾
ͬҲ˿Դ侳һķΪϸо˷ţһƤķ¼ȥ
Щ㲻һֱоķ
Ȼʵ侳һķѲʺⲢĦȥǱо顣
ϾҲͬǵһοһԴκ鶼ܹķš
˲ǳ׶Ͻӵ֮ͨǻֶ֮ۡΣ¾޷طˣҲ֪߾ΰ쵽һģܹԴķе֮͸
Ħסٴ̾һķѾжĦ˲ϰٴΣÿһηܹһЩ¶һֶĿһ£˼ĸо
ѵԴ֮ǣѾﵽȲ˼ĵزˣ
ĦżҲ꣬ЩԽһķȴһ
еı
ڴʱһӴĳװ¡¡Ǵ⴫
Ħȴ֪һУɫ䣬еƤôǲͬԤ
û£ͿһƬ貵Ľӿڴ⣬ٿȻΪһɸߣСɽͷҽ𷢣֮
һĻĦȻû뵽˽ļһҲѧŻΪ޵ߵģˣ
Ȼǿ͵ĽӣȻǾͷʨ޾
ӡâպգĦ֪ԴҲѾδˣ
Ħ𣬸Ŵ⣬ϡԿŸԴµ
ҵȻ֪ϼһĵıѾˣҪܣҲ²ֻǷң
ĦȻתзһĨȣҲζǵĻѾҪˣѵ㲻ڴõԴ֮ģ
ĬƬ̣Դɱ޵ô죿


2065 ˭˲ʶ
ĦȻЦˣóһſԴ侳һķƤ˵ܿȷļһױԴɱ𣿡
룬ĬĦĹ۵㡣
ں棬Ǽһ﾿δŵģʱҲܹӵطӵɱԴԴ֮ĵˡ
ĦпҲ֪Щ겻ֹң͹ԴһͼΪԴ鴴һЩϧҲûܳɹ
˵⣬ҡҡͷԣţֻʺһȥ޷鶼ȥУΪǽзţ֮һ
üƺЩڿⲿԴˡ
ĦϾ㲻һȷ̸ʲôĳ֣ȴһȫµ֮·пƷԴԭеи֣γɳһϵ⡭һµĵط
ЦʲôչҪ츳ǡԵģƾһıԴи֣δ̫
Ħ̾˿ѵĿף޷ֳһãɵЩԴ˰ꡢǧꡢ֮ãԴֲᱻƣ
ȾشĦնҸұֻ֤ҪԴȥȥԺԴȻӿֳǿڣпܳһЩԺұȼĴڣ
ɫڱЩأüƺҶԣ̸ʲô¡
ĦͷǵȻҺãҲԺ飬ѲصȵǸʱ򡣡
˻
ĦǷһĨĪЦݣˣһŽտʼѣλɻء
Ŀ˸ãŵԼã
ĦָеƤķֻһ֣Ʋⲻ޵Ӧûиûд
һӣһ𣺡Ҳˣ
ĦƳһۣȻӽҵĴ֮һֱװͿȥǿûˡ
ȻһЦͫһĨ֮ɫôҲֻЩԲ׼̬Ȱˡ
ĦһһĴ㡣
һ£ŵһô
Ħͫ΢УӾãЦˣ㲻ֹҪԴҲֹҪҹԴ֮ģҪǣ㻹޵еġ
˵꣬ЦԴУ֪ߣΨĦһ˶
ĦȻȰһ䣬ڻǶԸ޵ߵʱ򡣡
ΪȻȻҪĿԴȻҪһЩġ
Ħ΢΢һЦ׾ͺá
˵ţλԴеǿ߽סһۣͷЦ

ͬʱԴ硣
һƬŨУһϵĸпʱѲɿˡ
ǹԴĹǰأԸһҫ۵Ĺţͷų϶ԭʼϢ
һԴѾ߱Դ֮ȺӵͷȱūʵΪ֮ƣֻ뷽跨ɱߣ׷֮Դͷһ
Դ͸һĨڵ˸кͷȻһĨȻ֮ɱ
ʱū
˵꣬һ籦ʯĹУȻһ˿ײ
Դεϸ΢ı仯ȻӲķۣʱȻֹһļ
ūˣ
Դһ˿̫ˣҲ̫ˣȻû뵽Ѿµϣһ̲һ˿

û£һĹξַһȦȦƵĲͷųϡԭʼ֮Ϣ
Դ״סģȻģ
Ѿ޷ҳκδʻݹԴ˿̵ľˣȻϲ𾪸µĻɽ㣬һ̺Ȼ
ΪѾ̫û֪ϵĴˡԶʱǷѳײˡ
񣬹Դڸҿ϶û뿪һֱڣ
ڹԴ񼤵Ҫʧصʱһ΢ѰӿС
Դ֪һеݣס͵һ׻㣬ʧΪʲô

һº
һƬڻɽӳڳϫҰС
һƬɽͨ죬ȼ㲻ķڻ棬Ƭ񷶼յͨ죬ʱնյŤҡ
ԶԶ˻еһֱ˵Ϣúѡ
ڿҪˡ
ϫһƣһµıڿһɽֻҪԽȥͿʼԴˣ
ֻû뵽ôʱȥĦܹסٳû֣ʵЩ
ڤ
֮ǰ˵˵ĦԸ⿴ġ
ϫȻ
ҪԸǹԴУ
ڤʵ
Ѿû·ˣ˵׼ǾԴʱĦԳֵʱˡ
ϫʼȻ˵ĸоܲ˭ڻ޷ͶԷأҲֻˡ
ΪԴ̤У
ڤʵ
һԾ֪ˡ
ϫԵúνֻԼգҲֻʣһ·ѡˡ
бжĸоȷ˺ܱΨһϫҵǣһʱУѾԴڶ񾳵ķȫƳ
ҾԣδʲôΣգԳϫԣһֵص顣
Ϊڶ񾳵ķ㹻ڼʱ»ָս
ʱѿԲȥη壬㱻
ڣսѻָ˿ȶ΢ĵز
ڤҲȰڿ۷ĲΣֻһ߱ɻָǿߵսС
һУһµʱУƺףʵһֱ·ĳϫڤԣѾǼΪס
֮⣬һԴѳ׷˷츲صı仯
ſԴһص侳һķĴϫ½侳ڶھصķС䣬С½˳ȥ
һʮʮ٣ʱԴÿе飬ѾõĿԴ侳Ųķ
ģԴе鼸ס˳ϫ֣ĳĽ𾴸Ǵﵽһʷǰĸ߶ȣ죡
ʱĦԴķͷǹȥ
һĺôǣ۳ϫߵûĸٻȥĦͨ籨ţû˭ȥͳϫΪС
ΪóϫǾԴ磬·;ϲ黹аϫָ·˸챦ԴԳϫƳл⡣


2066 ʶ
ɽӣڣƬضպ졣
˲øп̫࣬ϫڤŲʱգɽǱȥ
䣡
Ȼǻɽ͵ظֳһɸߵĻӰͨ۽ɣ籡
һͷ۽ޣ
ۿϢս벻ڶǿߣ
ৣ
ϫȻֹɫأδ¶κλ֮ɫ
ǵִʱѾ̾һͷ˲֪µ۽ޡ
Ψһû뵽ǣûɽ۽޾Ǻ
ԴǽأȰĪҪǰ
۽޿ڣ룬Ӵبɽ֮ϣһƬӳأˡ
ֻϫû뵽ǣ۽ǲҪǰԴġ
Ҫִǰأ
ϫƽʵ
۽޳ĬãȻ̾˿ԴдԲ
һ仰ͱ۽ȻҲ֪˳ϫݣҲ˵˽ʱԴз仯
ǾͶлˡ
ϫһ
㵱ڳԴȷġ
ڤһഫһַĵζ
ϫʼ磺ֻ˵ԴЩ뻹֪֪ͼһЩ޵ǿ̫ˡ
̸ʱϫչжǱ߻ɽȥ
ԭϫ΢΢Щģһ۽ͻȻıעô죬ɽȴֵ֤Щࡣ
Ǻɽֱһͷ۽޲ԷһֱڳĬδκһ˿
ڳϫǴһᴩƬɽʱȻ۽޵ĳ
ߣٱ֮ʣһ仰
ϫһȻŤͷ޷
Ȼ£ֻǻܹı£ϣܹúûȥ
۽˵꣬ӰΪ۽ʧǻɽ
һġ
ϫˣЦЦתڤȥ

ʱ
һƬïܵɭֳҰУ졢Ρ롢һ
ڵˡ
ϫӰһһƬïʢɭֱԵ㣬۲ܲΣ֮󣬱һƨһһ
ǹԴˣҲζѳĦ߽緶룬ٲõĦ׷ɱ
ԴǹԴĵֱ̣ԴĽƺܳ׷ɾ衣
ڤڳϫԱߣ˿ɷ٣ѩ׶쾱ϸ޳¶һŹգһһһ˿ȻʣԵø⶯ˣӻ
˿̣޳˫ֱϥңԶǽ丫̰ĲһֽĻС
ȷˣԴλУԴΪأͬʱҲԴ޿ɱĵһǿߣĵ̱ѣ³ᱻˡ
ϫ˵ҵǲʲôֻҪץʱָսֻԽԽȫ
̸ʱҹɫȻ٣һ㣬Դڿգӳʥ֮⣬Ⱥ޳˻ϡ
һɲϫڤܸܵһƬïʢУʮڶɣĺȻԼȥĿԴ
óϫڤһЦûе飬Ӱһһۣ֮ϥһƬʴ̵ҶϣҲתԴʼ
֮ǰһµҹУĦԴλδ
ǲ֣ҲζϾԴкԴȫкԴϡһܾڴ˵ȡ
ϫڤ˵ս֮ɱ֮죬Ҳֱ仯ֲϵ
ǵĳʲôΣգͲó񷣬ռݾλȥȡЩԴĻǵսָֻĸ졣
ֻȴԵúЩͬˡ

ڳϫڤտʼûãһƬ̵ĹӿҹĻϣǵأҫ۳ʢ
Ǵ̵ĹܻΪһ֦Ҷ򰾢ӯŹϢĹ
ǺȻѾʧһδĹԴ
ôͻȻˣ
ϫڤһ𣬵ֹͣԶЩԴ˴ʲô
ֹǣһ̵ԴӰ³ҹĻϣԴ鶼һ궯ɲ
Ϊ˼ǣԴֺ󣬲ûǰȥУĬãȻһĮ֮
Ħߡ飬ǳɣѾףһѾʱ˶һˣ
쳹ԴУĪϣõжһеһϢѹ
˶ϣ
˶ʲô
ϫڤɫأоԴ˴Ҫ飬ºйˡ
ؼҲǱýš
Դ㾿˵Щʲô
ݵĳ֮߸һƬȻâٿȻΪһͷͨ磬ƥžſͷ­ʨޣǾ
ͬʱһͷ޴ǧɷΧͨڵݳ𣬳˾һ࣬ȻĦ
ڳϫǵִԴĵһҹһδҹɫгֵԴλߣһϤˣ
һĻԲͬѰ
ֹǳϫڤеһǰδеѹܾԴ˷ҲʶֹͣЩ㷲
⾿ôˣ
֪ԴٻǰҪ˶Ϻ£
Ħ͸һ˿裬ȻҲЩ²͸Դ˼

ԴĮն͸һɾȻ
ʲô
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲԼоһ˿
ǲҪԴ֮ڱ͸һᣬһ
ԴɵĮûκε
Դ֮ģǺ
ϫڤ綼üԭǻΪԴǺйأԱлҪӡ
ǵȷԴ֮ΪԴˣǿûͼȡԴ֮ĵκͷ
ĦЦ˵
ԴĪҪ룬˵Դ緢һЩ仯ɲˡ
Ҳһ࿪ڵ
ȻĦǾԸ˿̾ͺ͹ԴսΪ˵ļƻһŽտʼѣûʺϺ͹Դ˺Ƥ
عͿˣԴ絮֮Ѿʶ£Դеκζס
ԴĮȻɣԭһЩ·ϾЩҲﱾάϵ˲Դ򣬿źǣһñȻʶǣֻԴ硣
һɲǣĦ;ɫһ䣬ЩŴ˴ιԴҪɱǣ
ǳϫڤһʱЩ΢΢һģԴȴìͷָĦ;
Ϊʲô
Ħڣһɲѳ׻ָ侲
ΪԴ硣
ԴĮȻһ䡣
δ£ֻһʱ𵴣һ֦Ҷ㣬ڿն𣬳Ħݺɱȥ


2067 Ѫ¾

һԹԴϵ֦Ҷȴƿɲīҹɫ˺ѣһƬα̣
ɱң룡
ĦЦһ˫һչ֮ĻЮǧɫ쫷磬¡¡ѹȥ
أ
߽棬ֱײ춯أҰҵԱŽһſʯ׹䡣
λǿ߾ȻĿսˣ
بδ֮£Դ𶯣ܵĪ֣̿ӴܣΨ־뵽ǵսನС
¡
ײԴһε֦Ҷҡҷǧӵǵء
ÿһ֦ҶϣԴԣӯϵĴ졣
ϫ˶һܹصĹԴȴû뵽Էսǿᵽز൱ڵڣڹԴжǿ޷ƶϳ
óϫʶؾʹڤȷɿΨй¶ʲôϢǹԴӶɱ֮
㻹֣һұ϶ɱˣҲ˶ˣ
ϣ쳹Ħǳžŭ˻˫ſ£ƿʳ
һ̵ȴΪɵǧԹԴϵ֦Ҷŭ֮
ߣ϶Ȼ飬Ǿͱһˣ
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һƬޱȵĽâӾϱŷֱӳĵʥ
Ǿſͷ­𣬷ֱֳϲŭԹ̰ա޾̬
ÿһͷ­оͷųһҵĹ⣬ɫ쵣ҫ۹ɨ񷣡
Ǿı֮񷣡
⣬ֹ˺أԶĹ֮
ء
֮ɨ֮Ƭ񷶼ըΪһһ繵Ԩĺڿ֮
֣Ħưһһ񣬻ɱʼžȫлԴ
һʱ֮䣬쫷ܡϯγϡʱңӳֳһĩպƽٰĳ
ˣ
һƬ
Դϣ̿ӱɪɪ޾Ŀ־û
ܾڴˣڴˣеĲ֪˶£ɻûмλԴе֮侹ᷢս
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ϫǣԶԶͱܿһƬ񷣬ͬɫޱȣһУҲʼϲ

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ԴսõԴƿصԴ֮սʽͬɵƻȴһľˡ
ܿ죬ϫע⵽һЩȤĵطҲһ֤еĳƲ⡣
ĦǹԴսʹõķţȫѪе
ͺñĳЩе츳ͨѪеĶطţõܹ쾡µͷųԼܡ
ҲΪһ㣬֮սֶԵùڵһսƵӣȫҪյǿսŵĸߵ͡
һжóϫףԴ֮УȷûеϵҲζţͳܴڡ
ûƵĵͳȻ̸ӵеؾ
Уһŵ̵һҪǣеĵؾж٣Ƿǿ
ȻһԴжδ
ϾĦԴԴλǿ飬Ƕûܲճֵ֪Դе״Ǻε֮ªˣһƬߡ
Ϊƾɶ߱Դ֮ģ
ڳϫʱ͵쳹ԴǵĮϵ
ϫͿ֪ʱ𣬹ԴԴµλá
ԶԶȥֳ־Ź֮״ɫԴ绯ΪӳĵǹԴߴɲ
䣡
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ǹĻǵأӨ͸Ͼһ֣ǾԴкԴȫǣӿ뵽˹Դڡ
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⡭㾹ѿʼ֮ˣ
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϶صĺ
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ʱǧɷΧ˫ϣȻȼںɫ棬ݺһϯһƬ쫷硣
ɱ
𣬾ſͷ­緢ľŵ⣬ںһγһִĻɫ⣬ɱȥҪֹԴ֮
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һɵ֦ҶЮλð֮ƿʱգһ
صһĦͷųĺɫ쫷Ȼ飬Ϊ׷ɡ
ĦӦһ֦ҶѾסĦʺ
ɫһ֦ҶʼĦӴޱȵӡ

Ħ֮Ѳã׸е˿־壬һ˺ѷΰļС
ӣõȫҲϴݿ壬ܵ޷޸ƻ
䣡䣡ҷĴٲԴΪУŹһΣ
Ħ͸һ
һ̵ĹԴԵ֮ĮȻӶһĦ֦Ҷһɲǣߵֽһ㣬Ȼ飬ΪƮʮ
һλԴеǿߣǾôɱˣ
ҪʩչͼıջȸʵɥȪʵɱ
ǧ㣬վֲԵѹ
½ֻԶԶţϫҲסһԴսʵ̫ǿˣ
¡
ϣĦõǾҲǳɫ䣬ëȻð
Ļʶؾתӣٺ͹ԴΪС
̫ˣ
ܾǰʶԴȴû뵽ԷսǿȻЩУԴ̫ڲ˽֮档
֪ˣǸһٸҲðȻӦĦһԸԴˡ
ϧϸûкҩһιԴ˱ɱ֮ġ

ھӶһɲǣһ֦ҶЮӨӨɫԣǾľſͷ­ϡ
ֻһըǾſͷ­뱻յñ飬Ѫ׷ɣ
ֱʱҽжûü
һĻŵԴӲԶסͨأݡ
ϫڤ˿̶ǽסֹɫǰأ̶Ƭ̣λǿ֪߱ǹԴ֮ɲ
ɣ»ָǰսҲԶԶԴĶˡ
λûУ
ڴʱϵĹԴȻһװ¡¡ڳϫڤĶϡ


2068 
һɲǣϫڤ׹ߡ
Ȼ֮ǰǹԴѾǵĴڣ
Ŀ˸ղŹԴһ֮ɱĦһĻϫڤʶ˹ԴĿ¡
񣬶Էɱ֮󣬺ȻעǶϣ̫ˡ
Ҫʲô
ϫ֪Ǽʶؾÿһ缡һĹƴ
ϣ
ڤǸɴ࣬ϫΪ¼һɫì߬Уڵоɱ֮ɫ
ϣأƮžʬѪ꣬ɫ¹£Ѫȡ
ϣڵأɪɪ־岻
ǽԶͨ飬ĻղŹԴĻָĳϫڤˣ
һ뵽忪鶼һ¹ΪʥġԴɳϫڳϫȴƫƫԴˣЩԶЩǡ
ǳݳϫĽϫԳϫԴǸм֮ʱǿ϶޷˵ȥվڳϫߣȥֺ֧Ͱˡ
ȴû취ô
ΪϫĶֵǹԴԴΪغǿһλǿߣ
ڸղţĦȴڣƬʱԴնɱ£˭վ
ȡ
ϣԴǴִľǧεïʢ֦ҶʥԴϢԶԶȥһֻΪ죬Ϻѹȡ
Ȼˣ֮Ҳʱ˶һˡ
ԴٴοڣһղŰ㵭Įᣬһ£ȫԴһ
ѵԴҪɱǳϫ
ڸղţԴ˵ΪԴ磬Ҫ˶һǺԥɱĦ;
ʱٴοҪͳϫڤ˶һ£ǵҪɱǣ
ϫڤȻҲ仰סԶһͫƴ׼
գ±ɱһ

ʱ̣ϵĹԴ϶Ȼӿԣҫʮ㡣
鶼ΪԴҪɱϫǵʱȴȻ֣ԭһвǹ
ֻһƬҫ۳ʢУȻ߳һΰƳ롢ͷɫߡ
ͫα籦ʯŲɣ֮һһĪһϡ
Ȼ෢ǹԴ
ֻЩԴû뵽ǣΪԴߣԴһͻȻû˺Ƶģ
ϫڤҲһ²͸ԴҪʲô
ৣ
ܿ죬ԴӰʧϣѰٲһ˿ټõԴԶȻѣ⾿ô£
ΨϫڤһΪڴ˿̣Դһ෢ӰѳھǲԶ
ɣ˶֮ǰġ
ԴɫһϣһԳα˳ϫڤ
ڤһڵüһšҪ֣ȴһĳϫֹ
Ȼ󣬳ϫҲһƨڵϣʲô
ɫȻֹݣδ¶һ˿ĻңƽˮһжԴС
ⲢδùԴ鷢κα仯
ͬʱڤһԥҲ򴽣˳ϫһ࣬ŹԴ
һȻûΪ޵ߵģⲢ޷ڤеΣУϾԷղչֳսʵ̫ǿˡ
֪νԴģ֪еĵڣɶܹƿԴϡ
Դʵ˽ˣ»浱һ졣
ǱƲѣҿɲԸֵط
ϫʼ
ŶǱƽģ
Դ˼
ϸԣǱ׷ɱʱײġ
ϫ
׷ɱ
ԴЩ⣬ðβ˵ô˵Ҳ֪νģ
ϫͷЩ֣ϼһΪִҪ⣿Īǻʲôɣ
ˣܹ޵߶һܶأҲñ͸
Դ̧ͷα̵ųϫͳɣܷ߱ݣ
ϫȻЦЦԵɣϫϹɽ
ѿʱ̹Դƺ㳯Ƕ֣ʶǲԾһ
ԴѹԲڵԺԺóϫ棬ϼһʵﵽ˺εȿֲĸ߶ȣ
Դҡҡͷʵݣ㾿ʲôˣ
˵⣬һ˵ɫ⣬Ͼͷһμ޷ϸһֶصϢϢͱʶʱһһģһ
˵͸һĨƵĺ档
һõóϫһϼһ۹öѵѿԼͼˣ
⣬ϫ˳Ĭ޷شҲ˵Ȼ
ԴˣɫзһĨ֮ɫǸпǻ㱣˺ܾúܾǰ¡
֪ʶʱҲԴ絮ʱ̣ʱؼӵÿһֶȫͬǱ˴˳ײԶҪѶԷںϣһ֮䣬Ͼֻʣ
ԴѴһĨ꣬õóϫڤ綼ЩȻû뵽ԷΪҪ˵һ
ȳϫףԴǼ˵һͳԦϹ졯ǴӻеǱ졯ܡ̲ںˡ
һͳԦһƬԴ磬Դʼ졯Ҳ졯ܣȴδ̲ںϣһַյ״̬У
⣬ϫɫǱþɡиӿһκˡ
֮ս
ͷһȾ
ң뵱Ĳֹͱһȫͬ
Щȫͻĵˣ˴ɱ˴̲˴ںϡ
գ硢Ϲ򱻡족֮򸲸ǣܵԴΪ˷աԴʼ족ĵط
Դ˵һжģζţǰ˸ԪıǨеı仯Ϲеĸ֡һжڡ족֮ݻ
ǻػġ֮ɽػǡ족
һǣˡܣϫͷһţʶһʱ𺳵Щ
ʵݱ䣬ֻڼԪǨϣ˵һ֮սϣ
ֹǳϫһ̵ڤͬ뵽˾þõУ޷عֱ̫ˡ
ΪʲôҪЩ
֮󣬳ϫһĿ˹ԴѾȷԴȻҲһλеһλ飬С
Ȼ֪ôˡ


2069 ΪԴ
ԴΪʲôҪЩ
ڤҲԴ˸еɻ
ѵԷɱǣ
ԴֶңŲɫԴ£ĬãһУΪԴ硣
ΪԴ磿
ϫڤԶһǵþڸղɱĦʱԴҲ˵ġ
ԴŤͷƳһۣǵĵԴµı֮ǰػڵһʱ佫˻ɱֹһķڡ
˵⣬ǵĮϵϺȻһĨį˸УɱǣҲԸıһˡ
ϫһЩɲʲôԭ򣬲ŻùԴȴڸı⣿
ɷĿԴȫһ
ȻԴĿ⿴ϫѯһ
ڤһʾϫҪô
ϫȴЦЦʾڤؽţȻ㽫񡱾ͨ˶Է
ʱ֮䣬Դһֳ˼УڹĦԴеİء
Ϊʲôô
ڤϫЩ⡣

ϫɿһ䣬ϼһҪɱǣֻϻףҪ뿪ֻܲʽˡ

ڤЩǡ
ˣֻƴһƴˡ
ϫʾ԰꣬ƾֱԼоԴӦòֲŶԡ
ţ
ʱԴǹžϺȻһĨɫͻΪȻһɲǣֱȻ
ֱ㣬üѲƵطһĨԵ֮ɫ
ֲáˡ
֮󣬹ԴжȻӿֳһĨâпһС
ˣһԴӰ죿
Դųϫɫ档
һȫµϵΪٵͳټγɵͳ򷨶ʢʢ
ϫ˼ⱾĹǺԴԴִ֮ı仯
ټͳ򷨶ʢ
Դһһһ٣ĿҲһóʢ·Ǽǧ
λ汾һͬǰһطΣ
ԴĿƣųϫڤ
С
ڤҡͷùԴüͷһ壬ܿڤ˵Ҫһ𡣡
ȣ
Դһ
ϫָŶԶԴڵϣɪɪ㷲˵

ǹԴͨνġȡһֻǾʱҲסЩȻЦԷǡ
߰ɡ
ԴһӣҲѯųϫڤһٿȻʧԭء

Դ硣
һƬ̵С
һղȻֳ˹ԴͳϫǵӰ
Ǳܾ֮ء
Դڵ
ϫǲЩɻ󣬹ԴҪʲô
Ҳѿǲ޶⣬˴ǰһϻԵ
Դ·𿴴˳ϫڤеһ˿ǣȻ˵
ϻԵ
ٴۣѾóϫ̫ನЩ̫飬ҲһġϻԵѽһп͸ޱȡ
ԴȻ˵ǱȻӦŶԣȻƽ޹ʵһԵˡ
ȻһԵ׻ãҲóϫûȤҪģǴԴϽ뿪ˣ
Ͼӻĸ뿪ٵ̫Ͻʥӵ׷ɱֱԴУȥʮʱ䣬Լٳٲ飬õôʦǵ
ǿƯһԪ֮ڤ˵еϻԵֻһǾҵռ;ֻ̤֮죬طϸԪС
֮⣬һжĮģʶԴеϻԵͬûκζݵĵط
ΨȵӿֳһĨȣɺܿȻţû취ΪԴеһͨ飬ԹԴʵ̫η壬κεΡ
ϫڤķӦ򶨣ԴһĨ⡣
Ƭ̣ԴӵꡮԴʼ졯֮Դͳױ򡢹Ҳһ־ԵĳУӶԴʱͬһƬç֮أûϵûеͳҲûеָĵ̸ӵԼ
˶٣ԴɫдһĨǱ޶꣬ͼı־棬ʱҲûܳɹ
ͳдһĨʹƵȻ
ϫڤ綼ܹܵԴԴ¶Էθ˵ѡ
ֻû뵽ǣԴͨὫԴ翴Ҫ
ĿԴ֮ñʶҪָԴʼ졯ƾ豾Ǹ޷쵽ˡ
Դ˵⣬ǲ˸УɫзӿһֽƽѰĻ
ֱʱϫҲԼһЩʲôסһ˼ǧ
ǿԴ֮ģ
ԴȻʵ˼еĳϫѹ
Դ֮ģ
ϫڤҡͷ

ԴһӣһŴ͸ҫ籦ʯŸУͷųϡԭʼϢһɲǼչȶȾ֮ɫλù
⡭ƺ
ϫڶݣһиܵһϵ֮
Դ֮ġ
ԴӿֳһĨĽĹ󣬡ϸԣӦýԴʼ졯һָԴǱһ׷ϣ
Դʼ죬Դ֣͸Ϲ족һ
ֻϫû뵽ǣԴԴΪˣֲ˿Դ磬ΪԴ磬ϧɱĦ;
һڤҲסþ޷ƽ
ֻǿϧԴӵͱ֮󣬱㳹УҲδָ
ԴɫиֳһĨӣͽĿϫɫһӱׯ֮
ˣԸ⽫Դ֮ĽƿأԸ⣿
һ仰ֱһװ㣬óϫ޷ƽ
Դ֮ıԴʼ죬ԴʼԴ򣬹Դ˻ζҪԼƿԴ
δ̫š
ǸڽԴ֮ǰ˭˵ȥִǱĨɱɣ̫Ͻֻ̣֮ܽΪãųơеִƣ
ֲĴڣҲԺΪΣһ˿ð֮ġ
д˱֪Դϫ˺εȴ𺳡
ڤǴסһУֱִɣ붼룡
Ϊʲô
֮󣬳ϫԻָһ˿侲ͳ
ЩȻ㲻Դһ˼Ľ顣
ΪԴ硣
һ̣Դٴظ˵ɣĸ֣ƿշ˭֪м˹ԴУ


2070 Դ֮
ΪԴ磡
³ϫҲܹԴ̺ĸ顣
λԴһǿ߼һǻѪԴ磬˼ͷУ޲Դ֮ϡ
ϡԴʼ족ΪٲȻѵڰѴµ˱׷Ĵ
ҲΪʶƾ޷áԴʼ족ӳиգŻȾɣ
ֻǣΪִҪ
ϫĪþòƽϢɺһС
ˣоһԵΣ
Դʵ
󡣡
ϫ̾ϧ֮ȸԵˡ
ˣԴ磬УҲһʵѡ
Դ˵ģκμӺǵͷ
ô˵ҲӦҲɲˣ
ϫʡ
ô⡣
Դ̾ϣܹĵؽһУɲԴ֮иһˡ
ϫЩε˵ʵĳԴ˲Ȥиǰˡ
Դüͷһ壬ͺȻЦû뵽ĦµĹ屦ȴһҲϡ
ϫĳֻ뾡뿪롣
뿪
ԴкȻһĨ֮ɫóϫȻһڣ̲סʵǰǺ⣿
ֻ֣뿪·Ͱǰȴһζܾñܻɣ㾿Ƿ뿪
Դ
ʲô
ϫһ͵ؾͷӦǰ˵Դ֮ģͿҳԴ뿪·
Դ⻹Ҫʣ
ϫ룬ȷԼղЩˡ
Դ֮ģԴγմ򿪱ϣ뿪Դķ
ĳֻܴӦˡ
ϫЩԳ
Ψһ·Ψһķ֮ǰһֱδܹ̤֮ԴУҲûһԴܹ뿪Դ磬ԭԴ֮С
ۼϫѿʼ𽥽ԼĽ飬ԴɫҲǱûͲ١
ΪԴһھԵĳУͱӡҲûʲô𣬲ô
ϫ̲ס

Դͷ
ƾʲôһԴ֮ģ԰쵽һ
ϫ׷ʡ
ΪѾԴ˱仯УԴʼҲȻԴӳŷӡ
Դԥϫеɻ˿Ǻѳ׽һС
ãҴӦ
ϫĬãմӦ
һ̸һʼעһɲԼӦãⲢһ£һѵõĻԵʶϫеҲ޶ٴܸС
л
һ̣ΪԴһǿߣһΪ֪εȿֲزĹԴĵعϫһɫׯ棡
һĻ״˳ϫĵһ˿ɵԴôȷΪԴ硣

쿪ʼϫڤȽԶһƬԴչУʼ
չԴ˵ǵΪ̫ƿԴ֮ĵΨоָʵܰ쵽һ
ڴˣϫҲ⣬Դ֮ıϾĿִƵģ
Ϊ˾ơԴʼ족ĳŷӡ״̬ϫԴڶ񾳵ȫɹԴΪ˳ȥ
ڶ̶̲ʱУԴ鶼ǻ˿Դڶ񾳵ţͬʱ֪˳ϫǲδɱǺ͹ԴΪѵϢ
ԴԶеܡοǶԳϫǳݡĽ֮еĵλҪڹԴһ
ϾǹԴҲϫ㿪һԴϤڸȥɵڸıǵˡ
º
ϫսָزֻһɻָ
֮ԻָѸ٣ڹԴİ£ÿҹɫ٣ǲҵľԴ¾ͳ˳ϫһĵ̣ԴûȥΪóϫԴʱ߻ⱻɧˡ
ϾĳϫԴΪֿȵĽѱв˸ɳһЩ
֮⣬һʱУԴлһΪĺ䶯顣
һͷϢھеĺľͻȻ򣬴һΪ׶ĵһʩչͷųǧ罣ı׶ǵأɱˡ
ڳϫڤԴ￴ȻǴֱɲֵһɹ
Ҫ֪ԴԹͷһⷢ飬һͷľȻܹһ
ֱǲ飡
·󣬶ʱԴһ໩Ȼ
֪⺮ľǴӿԴеõУһſⲿʱԴֱԳϫĳݴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ΪˣԴԳͷľа佱ʹ˶Էັı
Ⱦٴ󼤷Դ飬׷̿Դ
ʱƣԴпʼ𽥳һЩǵܵͷľļ
һʱ䣬ԴΪ֮һ䣬ʼһҵĵʢǻ׿Խ鶼ԴΪʥ䣬еķأٳʽĵ
ȳٲȻͬٻţһƽԴ鲻ϿĵҲԽԽࡣ
࣬ƱػγһϵĲֲָͬͬĵͳ
һУԶǰݳϫһԴͣ
ⲿԴΪʥطѳΪȷԴϵһܸ٣еĿԶǴеİ
ֻΪÿһĵ;ͬõĸҲǸͬ
һеı仯ԴУҲǸпο֮µԴ磬Ҫʼ仯ˣ
ҲùԴȷһܹԴ֮иϫԼһǵľϡ
Ϊ˱ԼĸмԴԼصһЩó˳ϫڤȡ
ǰȥ
һ죬ϫӾȻһĨɫʵ׻ָˣ
ӵεսΨһĲͬڣԦĲԴ
Ҳ֪ܷҳһԴյ֮Ѫ֮ȫںˡ
ܹ쵽һҵΪٴεͻƣճһȫµ
ϫһ˼
СѣѾָˡ
ʱ򣬺ȻһɣϵĹԴƮȻԶ
ǰкָ̣
ϫʵ
ҲʱԴ֮Ľˡ
Դ˵
ϫһһлǰȫ
ȫԴ磬л
Դ˵ţһӣһһŴ͸ҫ۳ʢɫ¸С
Сѣʼжɣ
ԴĿƣڡ


2071 
䣡
Դδ£ϫ͵رӿһƬ貳ʢɫԴԡ
Σã˫
ԶԶȥϫһƬȻȼյɫ⣬ХţһƾԴ֮ġ
֮ǰԴѾںԴ֮ĵķŴڸ˳ϫʶһ̵Ż˺ԥسȥ
ˡ
ڿԴ֮ĵһɲǣϫֻһɺõȻը飬ޱԴУеͷһ˲仯Ϊհף
Ҳ֪˶ãֻһɲǣϫǿհ׵УʼһĻ档
һƬӿ֣򡢹һصʼݺύΪһȫͬ
ЩһͿʼϳͻײ̲ں϶Է
涸Ȼһ䣬ֻʣײɱˮĽ桢ڰĶԿԵ쳣ҡ
ĹΪ˴ɱ׷ɣǵȳԵ쳣֮غʢ󣬳
˿̣ϫǶһ˿ϤϤʶжϳǡ족͡Դʼ족ڶԿ
죬硢Ϲ߶ϣɱͶԿѾ̲ں˳Դʼ족֮ٲȻѳΪ翪ǿһ
Դʼ족ԴеԶȴԵƵɼˣɲ˱̲ںϣһ͡족ĽУһֱڷɱ
գԴʼ족վǱˣƻһ־ԵĳС
ۼô˻ᣬ족ҪʧȥֿġԴʼ족̲ںϣҲڴʱһǰδ첨Ȼ֣ᵲǡ족Ľ֮ǰ
һɲǣϫֹͣ񼤵ΪȻֹ֣족ȻǺͼϢ
ûһǺͼ
ֻƾϫȥѰ٣Ѱҵͼټ
䣡
ȳϫӦֵĻǷһʷǰ춯صײ
˺ƴϣû棬ããһƬֱãϫԼŵɬصĹ⣬ΪͬĹ켣ǰããһƬĻ棬ʧȥ
ǾŵɬĹ⡭òǱĺͼɣ
ϫвƵزһǿҵͷɸղֹ족̲Դʼ족ʱĺͼҲƻ׻Ϊ˾ſƬ
һлԼ²ǰ㣿ǺͼΪſƬԭڣ
ϫ޷ȷΪղųֵһĻĻ컭棬˿Ҳǳʧֱÿհ
Ⲣϫ޷˼ԼѸоҲˣֱգ족Ҳû̲Դʼ족ԭɣ
ڻĸʱ򣬳ϫ׳߹ͼǱģ
ʱϫɻΪҪѾһ𰸡Ϊֹ족̲Դʼ족
ɺͼΪҪֹ족ô
ϫ޷⣬ѾͨЩ飬Ѿ𽥲ҪѰٵͼ࣡
ԣͼ޿ɿӹɵǣͼ籾ԴУκζҪϣһ˸ԪıǨ
ţǺͼиѰٵռ;
񣬳ϫЩ֮ǰһĻĻй֮սĻ棬һ̣ͼֹ֣һ̲Դʼ족ĺƽ٣ԼѶ
ͼΪλʱų⡢첨ΪǱ족ģ
ͼΪҪֹ족ȥ̲Դʼ족
ϫ²гһԼܹ⿪ʱԼ˽ͼʱ

ڳϫͷʱǿհ׵ʶУȻٴη仯
һΣһġԴ硱Դеɽ¡쾭γ飬ҲԴʵԴϢӰ򡭡
·Դ硱ԼУһһľһһܹ˺ֵرԼ׽
оȷϵġ족ûʲôﶼԼƿأ
һʱ֮䣬ϫЩĸоУͷЩ治ӣɢԴС
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磡ɱ֮׹һͬƿ׵磬ǵ츳ơȴɱΪʲôǿ԰쵽һ첻
ӵ˳ʦڵĿԴ忪ȫսĴʱһȺԺķչֻȺ״λ˭Ը⿴
СѾһЩ˼͸򣬻Ҫһд裬ͬһս
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峤һɣûס˵飬ǻԵһִڴˣ»߻ħ
ȺĳԣҲ׷׵ͷǸоСԴӻÿԴ֮󣬾һģ˵һЩʵʵĺ
СˣɫһͣһУЩűصϼһǣʲôʱˣҪһֱȥ
ˣֻǣⲿΪ֮绷˴¹˼
С̾˿Ըٶ̸ȥ
ɻ˵꣬ͱһЦϣ֮绷Сòⲿɣ˵˵ⲿδĵж
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Сһ㶣ɫò֧֧ãȴ޴˵нסһա
Ҳڴʱֱʶһ¶类ඥͷȰ㣬ƾһйء֮绷˼롣
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С䣬´οɲҪţƤˣǻǳЦģܹ쵽һ
СһϲЦѡ
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ڴʱС˫һչƾոֳһԲ͸Ĵ̹⻷Ȼԣǹ⻷棬أһĿ֮ɫ硣
һ֣ƬտʼڣһɿֲɱޱȵĻϢ
һɲǣЦȻֹϼһ׻㣬Ŀɿڴɫ͡


2072 ͱʦ
꣡
̵绷裬绡ܣ͵һĵâݺһͷϡ
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СԼһĻأૣֲãƼˣҲǻῪ϶ѽ
ֻԼ벻ԼղǾοϵġ
һ죬Сɹһġ֮绷սţ𺳣찢峤С佫һ峤Ӱˡ
Ǻ󻰣Ҳ
СսӮȫ֮󣬳ϫջһʼ۲Դط״

Դı仯ܴ
ųϫԴ˷ӣһ֣ԭԼĿԴĸԴһǰδеľ˱仯
ܾڴ˵飬ԶԿԴΪʥ䣬̿У޿ǻ۾֮ݴ˿ĵεȻ
һУóϫʶŵĲϱԴкܿͻᵮͳ˵ͳǳγϵı־֮һ
Դ̬չȥһջγԼеϵصʱ򣬱Ȼֳټʢĺ󳡾
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ΪʦһҫԴӵͷˡ

ĲӣܿϫһԶһ
Ϊһ̣ܵ˸Դܵıڣ
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ǰֻҲܴһϣԴ֮ˣ
ϫţԼɹաԴ֮ġʱԴ򣬴뿪Դ硣

Ҳ֪˶ãϫоԼʼ׷ױ룬ԺеĻҲʼ׷ʧ
һԵ𶯣ϫһǴһ״̬гѹ

һŷԼУ֪ʱѸֳһŴ͸ҫ۵ɫΣͷųԭʼϵĺϢ
ǺȻǡԴ֮ġ
֮һŴԴšԴʼ족ѾΪ˳ϫ֮
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ԴЦˣЦЦҰ˿οжѹõһʯͷ
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ԴԴʼ졢֮սͼѵԵɡһжóϫһֲ֮С

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ţϫҲΪ⣬ԴԴΪߵһλڣշͲصԴ˭ˡ

ˡ
һ죬ԴкȻһĲģǿǰֳ˾ԴµӰ
һĻʱܾڴ˵顣
ΪԴ磬λһҪء
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˺꣬ÿһ٣ԴԷΪ֮һֱͳԱʦ֮⡣


2073 
ɽΧǧҵ֡
͵ɽɽŴһƬܾӻҰһЩֵ١ݣԶŨ֮
ϫһƬǰһſгӯ֮ڸȷԼȷѾ뿪Դˣ
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˿̵޷ֱطһ򣬻һƬ½
ݵʧ֮󣬳ϫָܿ侲Ŀ⿴һ࣬ڤǴԼȻӰһʱһ
ǵģǵȷ뿪Դ磡
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ȻһĿֲϢϣĪϣһ˲ѣϫǰ͸߷˲䱻һ飬Ϊĩ
һɫ֮ϲ֮УſɲǴ֮
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ϫһԺֹĸ֡ơ
ڡ족֮£ƾƵϫ˵һһ׷ɱҲһһβ̽
ڽ롰Դʼ족ǵԴʱϫڵһԼġԴʱһԴľ
ʱϫҲƾƵ㿪ĦԴλǿߵ̽
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ϫãͻȻͷ֣ȻƵڡ족͡Դʼ족򸲸֮¶ܱãôǷҲƾһڵ״
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ʱ򣬳ϫĻ˼ô࣬һƣתСĴɢӵˮ㣬ʼ£ͨɢȥ


2074 ʵ
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ϫ벻һĻˣɢԭڳײ͵һͣʼ˱ܣ·Ψֱ
һĻȤèƵģԴǳϫԭӵеһơš״̬
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Ѫ硢ÿһ䣬ֳҵĺۼĿġ
ҲõóϫͲڤܹøԼһΪͻͽܹ޸ƣȹ̵Ѿ¡
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֮׽٣һɽɱɲ֮
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Ȼ޵ǰˣ
ϫ΢΢һУ˿Աή֮ڤջǾȰڤڵճ׽
飬û˼ȥᡣ


2075 ̫
ƺҲʶʲôήңɫ԰֮ڤȻϢڣСģƺˡ
ϫڵᣬȰڵںϡ
˵ţϫתƵʼڤڲߡ
һ̵Ҳʵ޷֣ΪһͣڤžֹеͻٶѣȻҳͻĻڤֻܸʹĥ޷޸Ĵˡ
ʶΨһڤڵ׸ƽںϣܹһݡ
һ̵ĳϫڤͬܵʯϥأƽ˾ʵڽһ֮Ľ
ˡˡ
һ󼱴ٴ̶ղԶУƾոֳһӰ
ЩӰԼĪʮˣڣϢȴ֮붼ӵ񾳲εΪ
Ϊ׵һɣ˶ӴĹͷӣӵŵ۾εƣ
һ鼡ͭ˫ͫ뷢ꪣʯĴִ첲ϣһڷŽѪɫ
ǣһӺ׶ˣһֱŰѪϢ
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ôһһŮ

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˻һ˿ϫڤĿⶼòһˣ˼־ɣ˼̰ͺ塣
ǿǶôˣһԹŮ޶ԣ˵һʱ֮ˣԹ˲Ͼˡ
ɭɫ˫ͫоѪϢ
˼ˣȻͷִǵִﵽڣһһŮһƻȻûв㡣
ǹ֪ɭǰ㣬ܵˣ
ȥץ
ɭڣһֽǿ԰סԶֵĴ㡣
ҲǸԣԥһ£źȻЦСд⣡
˵ţӰһݣڿնָ͵һץͷųһƬںԣһŴ㳯ϫڤֶȥ
ৣ
ڴʱԭܰһĳϫȻĿӿһ磬˺ʱգصһһƬں촷ۡ
һĻʱɭһݡ
ĪҪѰ·
ϫɨЩһۣ±
һ仰ϳϫһĮޱȵĿ⣬ò˶ɫһ䣬㷡
ŵļһ
ɭɫһٶץǣ
ˡ
ԥˣղųϫƾһĿ⣬촷Ĺеһֲ⣬̤ܲʵ
죡
ɭ۾һɣͫлȼҪղ񷡣
ã
͵һҧӿڹ⣬һ˾â˸ĺɫᦺݺݻӶ

һ̰ɷг񺿣ײк壬Ƭʱնʴۻ
ɻһЧԶϾǶȻʧȥ˳ϫڤټƾһ㡣
ðвһ鴤ʶð
Сģ
ϣһ󾪺ܣ͸оһĿֲݺײϡ
һ̣˾类׷תԴǰһڣʱʧȥʶ
һиУͿչܵѳڰһӣȥһҳ㣬˶ɳȥʧ˼Զߡ
˼ǣʼգӾһֱһִֻŮӵļϣ˿
˻
˵һǿ
һλ۷񾳴ڣȴת˲֮䣬һ㣬߾ͷʧδֲ̫
Ӿ˭
Ϊִﵽ˺εǿĵز
һɲǿɭͫһױò˭Ϊδ̫У
ĲҰܣʶ˳ϫĲͬѰ֮Ҳûż֡
޵ҲĿȥ
УϫڤϥԭһƶΧһлȻ
һ̣ȴû˸Сǡ
û˿ڣֱ˿ɭʻɫЩѣٲڣɱҵȲˣ

ڤڵԴѾںһ룬ϾҪ׳ɹϫ˼ȥ顣
Ǹͷӿɭֻһǵ۾ڰˣս벻˳ϫۡ
ˣ͸ֵһɹˡ
Ŀ֮£ϫڤ޶ԣõÿɭ㣬˵ĹغΡ
һУǼÿɭŭպ֮ٴɭȻڣѣ̫ðȻѾɱִԲ³ǱҪ£
һԶɭŭˣ¶ɱ
ɼˣǣϫڤһţȻģ
ˣɭĿñޱȣһ֣㷢һȣһϣ׽ԹŮ
Ӱһչȳɸߣ˶СɽȻâ
䣡
˫һץת籡ǧΪɲԣɱϫˡ
Ҳڴʱͬһܰĳϫڶˡ
ڤϵƣһԨĺǿɭϡ
֡ۡһϵжˮȻȻȴޱȣһɲǾɡ
Ѿˣ㲻ϧҲֻ·ˡ
ĮƽУϫٴһӣ赭дһ˿̻Ϣ
ǿɭȴ׻㣬͵͹ŤӲʲôΪɲ㡣
䣡
ɸߵӴȻ촷ۣΪѪƬնȾ죬ҡ
һλǵ۾ڣȻĨɱˣ
ЩԭͿɭһֵ޵ǿһĻŵûסһ飬׹ߡ


2076 ͻž
ؼ䣬һƬȣΨصķںХ
һ޵Ӳı־û
˵֮ǰǰһ⣬ô˿̿ɭûκνҿԣ
һ䣬Ĩɱһλǵ۾
кεǿΪܹ쵽һ
Щ޵Уһ̵ĳϫٲȻͬһɲĿֲΣա
ǲҶҳô˻ΪڶԷƤ£ܸҲûʲô
ڴˣϫķӦɺƽһѰС¡
ô
ϫת߻ԭʱͿڤ֪ʱѾһڴͫԼ
лˡ
ڤԴ԰ףīü֮һ޷ȥƣή֮ɫ
˵ղųϫһգʱ޷׻ָҪһʱ䡣
ΨһҵǣںԴ֮ǽڵ޸ϣٵǻ˼
֮䣬Ҫ˵һллô
ϫЦЦĽ£ڤͬ˽еĽ顣

һУϫĿһ޵ߡ
ЩһȻΪܲףһӵ񾳲εսڣ֮һȺܵһ㡣
ϫڵڣһЩҪ̣ش⣬ͷһ·򡭡
ǰ뽲ǰ뽲
ȳϫ˵꣬Ⱥ޵Ѿ׷׵ͷӦһϻ̳Ͽֵģ

ϫֱӵ
̫󡣡

ҵҲֻ֪̫֮ΪܼĵطᵮһЩ֮
Ŷģ
ǡ
ʻе⣬Щ޵ɫԶֳ֮ɫаԹޡз߿пɬ
ڳϫ֮࣬һ˵ǰҵȶǱץĿⱲӶ뿪ˡ

ϫһУ˭ģ
̫Ͻ̡
Щ޵߼ͬ
ϫһû뵽һƬصġ̫󡱾̫ϽС
Ϊеǣڴӻĸ뿪ʱǱ̫Ͻһ·׷ɱӲƵýԴС
ڤմԴû̫Ͻ̵ĵϣ֮棬д˱ɼһߡ
ϫΪһжɺϣ
ӻĸ뿪ʱΪ˱֤һ·ϵİȫǳжֻȼ֪뿪Ϣ
ƫƫ̫Ͻȴδ֪㣬ڰ;ԴһõļƣȻ˰й¶ȥϢ
ճϫƲ⣬й¶Ϣ˾ǳ̫ϳϳգ
ͬһ뿪Դ֮Ǿ̫Ͻѿصġ̫󡱣ȻҲʲôɺˡ
뿪Դ磬ڤˡ족µĽףⱾԵúܲ
񣬵֪̫̫Ͻ̵ƿصأ̫Ͻǡ족ǰһ߹ϸһ룬ϫ»ǲµ˼Եɡ
ԴĴڣȻѱ족ʶܲԴܡ
νġ̫󡱾֮һΪе̫Ͻ̣֪ԴĴڣ϶ԥȥִ־
Ȼ󣬾ͷǰ顣
Щ޵߿˵Ŀ񱦣ʵҲܺ⣬һƬ򸲸˶Ʊػ񱦳
ֻóϫû뵽ǣ̫Ͻ̾ץЩ޵߳䵱ȥھͷ񱦡

ۼϫĬоþòԣõЩ޵ҲЩɲ
һ޵ûס˵ǰղɱ˿ɭò˶ã̫ϽЩ˾ͻŷ
ס
ϫֱӿڴϵǣ̫Ͻ̫еж٣ǿ˭
Щ޵һǳϫղչֵս̫ǿǶԼˡ
ǰλǰܹ̫󣬾Ȼ᲻֪̫Ͻﲼ˶
һֶ̫û˵Щ޵ǷЩ׹ʶѳϫ󴳽һǿߡ
̫Ͻ̾ӵжҵҲҵ֪һλ۴룡Щ̫Ͻ̼붼Ϊƴˡ
һȾλƴ֮⣬۾ۼ룬ͳԦ̫ĸΪ򣬱ץͬУûһܹŴѳȥġ
һһڵ۾ڣ
ϫЩ⣬㿰ǿ֮ˣ̫Ͻɳر
ѵֻΪھ񱦣
϶˼ˣ
Ƭ̣ϫٴʵ֮У˭֪ǰ·

Щ޵һӾжϳǰλǰȻԵеĴ
ǰֻҪܹ뿪֪ǰ򣡡
ʱͻȻһվһ˵ڣɾֹȣԴǰҲһλΪǿߡ
ˣ޵Ƕʱ׹һǴûλǰһѴ˵ذ
һ뵽⣬Ľ˲ΪȻ̫̫Ͻ̵ĵ̣Թ񶼴δ˻뿪λǰǿ󣬶һܹ̫Ͻ̿⣿
ôǲҪˣ
ϫеϸ΢仯۵ףδ˵ʲôֻǿǻӵŶʲô֣
ҹ󡣡
ӵ
ҹҹϵĺ᣿
ϫ˼
ǡ
ҹԵúƽϼΪأоֻҹһң˲µݡ
ϵҹ
ϫʵ
ҹ֡
ҹ˵⣬ʶʲô̧ͷǰϵ֣
ϫͷѡ
⣬ԶһĽĻ뵽ǰλǰҹҹѣϵһ
ҹҲȻԴҲ벻Լʲôʱһλӵֶεǿѡ
ʱ򣬳ϫüͷһֵ̫Ͻ̾޼ɵҹҲץ
˻һ˾һֹŹֵĿ⿴ųϫƺоɡ
ǰ֪Ϲ򶯵һƬɱϣǷ졢ĳѲǰƽ
һҹһ͵һҿʷǰ򶼱̫Ͻ̵Ʋ£ɽŮ洹ԺԺҲ޷⣬뵽һ粨С
Ϲ򱬷ˣ
ϫкݺһ𣬲㲻ԼĶ䣬Լ뿪꣬Ϲͷ飿
Ϊʲôˣ
òʲôĩƽ˰ɣ
һʱ֮䣬ϫԺҲͷЩȻϢ̫ͻȻЩֲ
ƺûע⵽ϫ쳣ҹҵҲһУ̫Ͻ̰͵Ϯұץ˹
޵߽Զɫߣ͸˵ĺ⣬ݽ棬˭ܱܿһ粨
֮󣬳ϫһ૵ˣͱþ뿪ˡ


2077 ɱȥ
Ϲ䣬óϫȻһֽȸС
䵱ɽ޷⣬һ粨ʱϫʼԾΪʦǵ
·ߡ
һϫѾǼᶨ֮ɫ
ôߣ
ҹȻ̫󣬱̫Ͻرѳ֣Թһܹ뿪
£ӦƶһЩƻúóıһڿʼչж
˵ǰλǰѾƵƻ
ܣ
ֶ̫֪̫Ͻﲼ˶ٸֶĿһӾһƻ
ҹеȻ
޵Ҳһ£û뵽ϫ˸ɴ࣬˵߾Ҫߣѵ֪һ̫ϽЩǿ߷֣أ
ڴˣϫûκηϻϵһѾܾδõĽ磬ֱԵôߣȻɱȥ
ƽȴ͸֮
ɱȥ
һ£ҹԼжһ˿⣬ԼղôðȻӦһӵҪ
֪ˣٽһЩˣ
ǵģ˳ϫĻҹʶѳϫɥĲ֮򣬻һˣ£˭˵Ȼ׳յĻ
ɱȥ
ѵΪЩ̫Ͻ̼ǿ߶ǰ費ɣпɻһλأ
ǵ٣˭ɱȥ
ǰһǵ
Ȼǣ
Ϊθ˵˴󻰣
ȻǷˣ
ҹһ̵ڰղѡ
ɸղѾӦʱ򷴻ȻǲˣֻǿеĸõǰǷҪٿǿǣĻɾ͡
ৣ
˵꣬Ϳϫ͵̧֣һץס½󣬶ʱգԶŲƶȥ
ʼգͲҹκء
ǰǰôֻẦңҷˣҡ
ԶУҹǹǺİЩ޵ǽԶݡ
ɱȥû뵽Ǽһﾹһӣ
ǰôͶѰ·ҹҪӴ˵뿪ûôǰ
˵Ǽһս湻˵ģ֮䣬Ͱѿɭǵ۾ĨɱɲѰ֮԰쵽ġ
Щ޵۲ѣԶóϫ˴εжǱϫץߵҹͬ
УҪȥһǼһɹɱȥˣҲܸṩһ
Ȼһ޵վϫŲƵķ׷ȥ
һĻʱȻһҲʼ˼
ǰǼһһɹˣǶԿҲһѷᣡ
ô죿
ҪҪȥһ
ǼһʧˣֻҪԼҲʲôɱ֮
һ뵽⣬Ѿ̲סЩҺҹϵãվԹˣˣҲȥһŻжܰȻҲǼõġ
˵ţϼ磬ǻһĨ⣬Хȥ
ޣôɵĽڶ˵ĳһҲ߯Ҫˡ
һ޵ߺݺһڡ
ǣ仰û£ٴ޵ȥ׷ȥ
ǡҲҪȥ
޵߽סĿʣµļˡ
ȴǼ˶ôһ𼱻ǵģ׷ȥ
⡭
ֻʣ޵ߣɫãҲһҧŲʱնȥأ㬵ˣҲȥˣģ֪ǶҲ׷ȥ


ʱղΧ󸡹Ӱ
һ·ŲƣϫȻ֣һƬνġ̫󡱾ǹޱȣ㡣
̧ͷ˿񷣬ȴһƬҰ£һϡܼޱȵ֮ǡ
ǡ족Ϣ
óϫһݣԭ͸µĽƵת˼£Ψй¶һ˿Ϣ֮ٶȽ½ɱԼˡ
ȻѾںԴɹؼлһšԴ֮ġǡԴʼ족һ֪жɲ
ǰǰֵѣôһ̫ˣ֮
һԱϫСƵеҹɫɥһɥİ˾ģ
ǰֵѣҲž㣬㷴飬ʵЩ΢΢ʧ
ϫһ߲̽ǰ·һ˵
ҹԣʹ飬ˣһɣҿɲôҼиĸС
꣡
ڴʱϫȻסŲ
ҹһԶʱɴͫëȻ
ֻԶߣֳһӰһպҫۡʢ
ͬɫۣȻһȺפ⡰̫е̫Ͻ񾳼ǿߣ
Ϊ׵ģۣΰ죬һλΪ۾̫Ͻ̺۴룡
ҹѾʶϫսʶһȺ̫Ͻ̼벻ܻǳϫˡ
ĵǣһĻķҲζǳױ̫Ͻ̷ˣ
ΪǣǺͳϫһģһϫˣôҹҲȻۣ
һ뵽⣬ҹͲ
ҹ󣡴˭ղַʲô飬ΪοɭϢͻȻʧ
һȺ̫Ͻǿ߷˳ϫҹ󣬳ߺХΪ׵ĺۼûĮǴ
ˣҡ
ҹ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô͸оһĨҫޱȵĴִո̵֣۾һʹҲκξ
䣡
һһɨƽԭѩǲ񷣬ʼղκɱײҲûκεĲҽ
һʱ䣬һжָƽ
ҹٴʱҲЩ̫ϽǿߵټҰУֻһƬΪѷգ
ҹʱŴֹͣΪһ񾳴ڣĻ᲻ףڸղһ֮£Щ̫Ͻǿ߱ѾĨɱˣ
ʼգֿضûУϲһ˿ҽûз
һֱ̫ĺˣ
ҹ𺳡
ع񣬳ϫղûзκ㣬ǰȥ
ƽģҹһ㱣һ﾿˭
Ϊжǿ
Ҳҹ飬ǳϫƵȫ֮󣬱˵ǰ¶Բ̽ʵˡ
Σҹ𺳹𺳣һ뵽̫лһֲûʧ
һׯǰЩһԣֻССϺ̸ʲô˿֣ͣһ˿أǿ飬ƶһϸ׵ܼƻһЩɫ
ৣ
ҹ˵꣬ͱϫͻȻ٣˶ҵĿУǺԲֹҲ˵


2078 ݶ
ܿ죬ϫͷ̫Ķ֮
һ½ܼɭϵգҲζţҪͱҵڡ
ǣ
·ϣϫҲҹ󣬺һ־ĿǸ߳ϫ̫ĳӦв٣֪Ψһȷ԰ȫ뿪ĳڣһλ̫Ͻ̾ݶ֮أ
֪Ϣϫԥ;ʹɱȥ
֪ϫʱҹ˶
ǿһλ֮ذ̫ĺҪ˲֪صأɱȥǸ뻢ʲô
ɺȻҹ޷ıϫľʶڽ·;ϣǳֳһľģٰ󣬲ٻûʧ
ⷴóϫо徲٣û뵽ҹһ￴Ƴȣɱֵȴ˵С
⵹Ҳҹ󣬻κһˣҹľУҲˡ
Ͼ̫Ͻƴǿоۼ򣬵һ㣬þ˾
£ϫȴִҪɱһѪ·ȷˡ
ǰûãһ̫Ͻǿٴγ֡
һƬԿڵ޵д
ϫҹͻأԶɶݶʱһ̫Ͻǿߵע⡣
ৣ
źǣϫûиκѯĻᣬ̧һɨȥ
һʱ֮䣬Ѫʱѣһ̫ϽǿͬûüӦͱϫĨɱ
һУϫٶȲҹǰȥһ֡ʮɱһˣǧﲻС⺷ǡ
죡
Ǽһ˭ɱ̫Ͻ̼룬Ҫ𣿡
ˣгһڷ̫Ͻ̵Ŀˣߣһȥ
ÿǰЩں̫Ͻ̶ԿļһĸղǱɱ޶ˣ
˵Ҳԣһץ̫УѱעκҲͽ͡
ΣվǽЩַһ£ûʲôϣǻȥһˡ
Уһ̫Ͻǿ߱¾ʱЩ޵ǵĻȻ
ǺҹЩͬһҲ׷ȥҪһϫֳĶǷҲʹǰЩһһɱ

һʱ
ϫǲһ·ɱ˶̫ϽͽֻҪעǱĨɱ³
һ̵һļ׶һ·޿ƥУһ·ѪȷȻ
̫Ͻ̣ϫѺ޵˹ͲκɣҲٶ˼̫Ͻ̳ײ޷ԭԼ
ϾЩ֪̫Ͻ˶ٴΣȺ˶ٴΣ
ѪϴѰ
ųϫǰУ̫ƽױƣʼö
Щפڴ˵ص̫Ͻǿ߶ʱ꣬ҪƼзˡ
ֻ겻ͬǣһֳĶƺĴһʱ֮ãһͽǻûбƷ
Щˡ
ȥݶˣ
⣬ټֲеȫ۹
Щ˭ʱڰƲ˷ˣɱ⣡
죬ж
ʼƵس̫ÿһУЩֲе̫ϽǿߣᵽѪȵ㣬㳲Ӳͬͬһط۹ȥ
ͬʱЩץ̫г䵱޵ǣҲ½֪ϢһʱԶȻѣ̾Ϣ˲ΪȻ档
ʷϣ̫вֹһεط飬ÿһζѸٵѹûһܳɹ뿪ġ
һεĽòͬ
û˸ȷ˶Դ˲κ
һֺͿֵ̬е޵߻Ƿ׷׸˹ȥҪȥһֳһļһ﾿ǺηʥһǷصޡ

Ǵ񷸩ܹ̫УӲͬڶ糱ˮ㳯һλû۶ȥ
Щ̫Ͻפڴ˵ԭɢڸ򣬿Ϊһʼ۶
۳ϫǰеһ·һֱѪߣӼԶɱʼϳ̫ȥ
ٲò˶ãһѪ߾ͻУʱɾضˡ

̫󣬺ĵش
ƿտֻһֺϵĹУԵúĿ
̫Ͻ̺۴룬ݶ̾еĵط
Դӵ̫󱻷֣ݶ㱻ǲƿ̫ת
ݶƿ£ֻҪץ̫г䵱޵ߣûһܹ뿪
ûУ
һʵɴӲ֤ݶһλֶκʵǺε֮ǿ
˿̣ǻֺϵĹУݶһָһִʣһϸӨ׵ֽдʲô
ʷ汥պīˮīɫѪѪǴЩڷ޵߿мȡ
Ө׵ֽϸ˳õƤνƤȻҲǴЩ޵ϰƤĤ
ѪΪīƤΪֽԵޱȡݶȴɫݣϰ߲Һ顣
ݰ𪿡㣬üĿݰףںŨܣ䴩һϮѪۣɻȴһɹŵϢ
ݶʶģֻ»Ϊһλʫ飬ڵʿ
˽ݶȴ֪λһѪ飬ɱ˲գ۵ħ
ɳɳɳ
ݶʷӶһƤƶɵİֽϣֳһּ
ҹʱףʵԳӦо֮
д⣬ʷһ٣ݶüͷӦбﵮѵ»ûв̽
ݶϲģĴ𰸣СҪǾ׼ȷĽһִ⣡
Ͻ̬ȣݶŻܵһ־ԵƿظУ޷κһȷ鷢
Եú΢
Щ»̫ˡ
ݶеıʣ̾һתһ࣬һܣһдõƤ
Ƥϵݺܼ򵥣Ǽ¼̫е仯κα仯Ҫ¼
̫ϽҪ󣬴ݶɵ̫һ쿪ʼһֱ¡
ôΪʲôΥ־ֻһֱ£Ե֮ġ
Ҫµı仯ˣ½ò
ݶһջĿ⡣
Ҳڴʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲڹͬʱһ͸Ž
ˣٴγһΥҪܵĿͽ
ԣݶüͷһ壬˹ȻǶ̫ˣС¶Ҫͨʵñʧ
ºƽȴһֱĵ֮⣡


2079 еǰ

磬ʮ֮޼᲻ݣ
ϫһ·ǰУһƬƬʱձ촷ۣΪ֮أһ̫Ͻǿ߱ʼ
ԣںڳ裬ɫĮһԨĺһ˿
һɱ֮עѪȷ磬Ƭײ棡
쳹ؼ䣬Ѫź
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ûѪȣûмźʼգϫһֱĬһһĨ͵ķУһ·ɱС
һˣһһ¾

ϫھжǿ
Լ
Ϊ̶ʮУʵԳֳһֲɱḶ́ɱٶȱҪࡣ
ڻĸʱѽزѾǰһϵеı仯ŲʮУ
˶ݵʱУȴܹ쵽һκһλǿ߶ԣһֲ飡
У¶Ҳһϫɱ֮ľˡ
˵ϫٶѿǶŽ񣬿ǰ
Ͼÿһ㶼ѱȵ죬һЩ޵ϣܹǧ֮һΪѿǾžˣһҲǽܳ
ɳϫȴʮʱѣһһ磬˰ز
βţ
ٳһеԭ޷һǼԪӡԴ
ÿһԪӡ̺УܹóϫΪɱ䣬κɬͱϡ
ȵĿԵ޵߸޷ӵеġ
񣬳ϫѾˡ֮ӡ֮ӡ֮ӡԪӡͼлӵԪӡδʹá
ͬʱԴóϫӵӴԴЩԴϤںϣΪȫһ֣ӶʹΪٴͻƣİز
ȻԴںϣֻ˼򵥣ԳϫΪΪΪȵȷҲ˲ɹãóϫȫλľɱ䡣
ʴˣѸɱ䣬ڽʵ仯ϫԼԼǿᵽ˺εȵز
һ£껹ʱϫƾ豬߱񹦵ƣΪĳˮͳƣǺ;εĳµԪս˸൱
ӵаΪܷӳεǿս

ҹԺһƬհס
һ·ϫ½ԵúܱҲѲãɵϫ㣬ն޿ƥУ𺳵õʱ͹˲ʲôˡ
޷Щݵ̫Ͻǿߣô˲ֱ²Ƶģһһոֱ̫˼顣
ΪҹϵĺᣬΪһλսߵ񾳴ڣҹǺʶЩ̫Ͻǿ߱ˣǳϫսʵ̫ǿˡ
֮ȫһĴڣ
Ȼһлҹ𺳵Ժհף𺳵ǣѾȥһʱ̫Ͻ̵һֱûܹѹһУϫĲ첻
̫˼ˡ
ҹ֪ЩϫҪ̫޵Уܹ̫Ͻѹ¼õһҲŲӣ㱻е
ҲΪʷϣӳ̫һλ޵ߣϧջˡ
ǰĳϫһʱһ·ңâβ𺳣
ѵ˵һһϣɱһѪ·Χ
ҹһһ뵽̫ĵشһλħľݶԭһ˿ϣʱϨɫҰ
ɱٶΣ
վǲɱʧܵġ
ҹ̾Ϣ

ʱƣڳϫǰ·ϵĺ󷽣β޵ߡ
ǽԶǱץĿųϫʼսõҲҪһ̽
ɱ˶ٸˣ
ʮλǿߣλ۾ǿߡ
Թԣһֱ̫ˣ˵εжܷɹ
פ̫е̫ϽУǿ߿ɻûгء
ЩһݶԴݿһϣˣ
ΣһɱЩ˶ҪǿһЩҵϣܹɱȥ
꣡ˣ쿴죡
Щ޵۵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ͵طʲôɿˡ
̧ȥֻһƬտĵشҰУǿտش֮ǰ֪ʱѾ£Ӱ
ЩӰԼĪʮˣһѪۣ죬һִɽӰ̬
۾ڣ
ʮ
Щβϫǰһ޵һëȻ̫Ͻܹ۵ģĸӵе۾εΪ
˵һЩڣ
ֻЩ޵ûǣҲǵһʶԭ̫Уפô̫Ͻ̺ۼ룡
Ǳץ䵱ǿǲУʧȥһɣʶ˽⵽̫ож̫Ͻ̺ۼ롣
֪ģҲֻһЩëǵϢԼĸִ⡣
ʶ˿̿ôһȺ̫Ͻ̺ۼʱŻԵʧ̬𺧡
ҲʶΪԹδһ޵ܹŴˣ
һ̣ԶϫıӰ޵вԼͬظֳͬһͷ
һҲˣ

տĻԭϣһûɽͣûкֻһƬְɫĻ߾
Ѿ̫ĺĵشˣҹ͸¶ϢУǾݶһƬеһܾС
ϫҪ뿪Ҫɱǹɱݶҵһͨİȫڡ
ִϫŲ˶٣һԺɨһѵȺԶԭϵһ̫Ͻ̺ۼ롣
һɲҹ̲ס̧ͷϸ۲һ³ϫɫȴֳϫһĮӣ·ûûиս㣬ʼնûһ˿仯
ҹȻɱѾˣһôֵܹ򶨣
ѵ
ৣ
ҹӦϫ¶ǰȥ
Ȼһˣֻһﲻæҹȴ·ûвǰհ㣬һ·ǰС
һĻʱõǺһ޵߿۾ֱһδҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȥ
һˡ
ɱôˣοɲô׷Ź
ţҲԣԽƤ֮У֮࣬˷ܹЧȵ塣
ϫӰ֣ԶЩ̫Ͻ̵ĺۼԶ¶һĨεıɱ
䵱ϫһԲʱɫԶ䡣
һƣǶӣ
һǲ֪


2080 ո
ಡ
ʱղϫѽƶ
ҹѽס۾аҪˣҪˣҪˡ
ϫӣһ̫Ͻ̺ۼҲ಻ס͵ϣͣ¡
ۣ
û˵꣬һƾո֣ᾡǦһĨ⣬翲׽
ۼʺֱӱһѪ͹𣬻촷ۣе
һλ۾ڣɲ֮䱻նɱ
ϫһ·ѾֹһΣɵϫȾ£һֶּ̬ĨɱԷһۼʱǺһ޵ߵһĿࡣ
һɱδҲ̫ɴˣһк򡭡
Щ̫Ͻ̺ۼҲһʶתȫΪ񱦡
ϫ̫죬ǸղҲ⧲ûüֹһУǽԶŭѡ
һۼ뱩ŭ󵨿ͽµ񣬾ִԲ
ۣ
һ֣硢¶λáӰһ˿̻Ϣ
ۼͬڻûʱһжϲͷ­׿գѪ٣ʬ
̫ɲˣ
һնһˣ飡
һҲǴ̼Щ̫Ͻ̺ۼĿѣɱӿĻٷϻȫ֡
䣡
ϵԣ쵳ʢɽӡ
۾ڳָ֣֮䣬ɷɽ󺣣ɱ£οڲֹһλ۾ڳ֣һȺ
ǵ龰ҪֲʮǸУһѲɡ
ΪҪǣЩ̫Ͻ̺ۼУɲӵе۾ڣǿ߷ֲУ
һ֣ʩչϵɵ֮ɲǼ䣬ͽƬضǡҪݣ
ã
ˣ
󷽣һβ޵Ŀ׵һĻʱðæԶܶȥ̵ֻ˼¡
Ͼʮλ̫Ͻ̺ۼһ֣һЩսನ룬ɵж³
ɺȻǵĵԶˣΪ˱ܵһɲǣսУ͵һ󼤰ԽĽ쳹ʮء
һĵ
һ޵߾ͺȻϫȺУ裬
һɲǣͷ·콵һҵĽ꣬Ƭأ
ܹһϵһﱻն飬һۼ붼ܣͱٰĽ궴
ǽ֮֮ɲ޼᲻ݣ
һһѪȼı۱ŽɺУһ貵Ѫɫ̻
ⳡˣ
ǿʮ۴룬ÿһӵе۾֮ܣεĴڡ
ڳϫĽâ£ȴԵֽ֮֮ĵˣֱκ֮
Ѫ
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ʬϵ¡
һɲ绯һƬѪޱȵִĳϫһλ¾ո꣡
Щ޵ȫӲӿһĪ״ĺӿȫõǽסͫҲ֮š
޷
һ·ѼʶγϫɱֶΣɵɱЩ۴ʱ˸ɴ䡢ʱѺҵκδʻݴ˿е𺳡
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ս־ǿᵽ˺εȵز
һ̵ĳϫЩ޵Уһӱءϡ
Ƭ̣ͣһۼ룡
ǵϣ͸ȾѪѻľǲ֫Ͱ׹ǣɢľ񱦡
ΨгϫֳֳȻһУɽԣһֻֻأץסҹ½
ȻȾѪѷ
һƬžһ޵Զ޷һС
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ȷǱŻˣϫɱֶ̫̫ԵһȺҰݰ㱻ոǿҵӾõҹԿԼǡ
˭뵽
˭뵽ϫȻܹ͵ɱô۴룿
ⲻɱɱ
һֵľѹƣѹ
䡭
ҲһļžУԶأ͵ӿһƬںǦɫơ
ڣ˸ſɲĻϢ˲ϢأÿжһɼϢѹ֮
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ǼԶʣֳһĿհĵâϸȥһϮԿһΰӰ
ԡâ绡ⲽգһǧ棬ʱ޷赲γษ׳ƳԵ֮ʥϡ
࿡ţһϮѪۣɾͶ֮䣬ȴһֳ֮ǳȻ
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޵߻һӿϳһɴֲݶ֣ģȴһᡢħ
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ݶǼһǷܻ
û˸ȷ
һ̣ҹңĿгݶˣζ
һ˵ʵԶת˲֮ɣ־ʱݶԡ
Ǳǣ̫̫Уһĺ
ݶźâɨȫһ˲жϳЩ¶Ѳ
ĿϲӿһĨ⣬Ŀаڳϫϡ
һɲǣɱݶϱӿذŰ˷ƣ
ϣ
ݶĮڣ´ּߵ
ɻ˵꣬ԭĳϫȻնһ
ৣ
ԼᵭӯԭʼȻϣƼ򵥣Ȼûκơ
ɵһն羲ֹ붳УΨһԽĽڻص
ţ
ݶһ
̧һֻ޳Ө׵ƣҪ˽߬ס
ף
ɽһɲͫһʶʲôգָ͵ظֳһӲӵľͭܡ
ԣ
ۼһĨҪնݶɫ΢΢һ䣬·ʶʲôס
ɣʶسһܿ
ɾͬʱһĨɱĽ͵طһХٶȶȻӿ죬һš
ৣ
Ŀ֮Ľâէ֣ݶͫҲУһĪļ¶
еЩԾȴ˵ﲻԾ
ϸ΢֮ıݶеһǰδеĲƿصľУһȦȷ
ô£
ѵԼС˶֣
һɲݶиͷʯ֡
ۣ
еһԼϣѪȹ̣͵صͷŷ֣һͷ׹䡭
һ˲ݶɫ䣡


2081 Ƥ
һͷʬ塭Լģ
ݶʶһʱֻԴ˵һҪըޱȵľʹ糱ˮ㣬ĥʶ
ŭ𣺡ܣԲܡ
У͸ޱȵķߺޡȻͲʡ
ݶʵ޷ŸտսֻֽһѣԼնͷ­ˣ
Ҫ֪Լһλֻһ̤֮ȴȻһֵס
ôܣ
ѵԷһĵڣ

ݶڳ֮ǰϸֵ֪̽ϢȻ͸ǳԸұ֤Է϶ǵ
ɼȻǵս˿ɲ
ϹеľǿУ˭ǿԼһж޷ֵ
ݶ벻ף򾪿ֶȻ޷ʵ
£ʵ̫˼ˣݶ񶼲֪жˣǵһȹض˵顣
ҺȻҲעݶһ顣
Ϊ
һŭ֮Ժнһ˿ʶѾǰһڣʧȥ֪

Ѫ׷ףͷʬ׹أݶһͷ­򱻳ϫС
ݶϣأԲǰľֺȻͫţŤԵޱȡ
ݶˣ
˳ϫһ֮£
֮ǰճ֣Юǧʢ嫣ʥ֮ס
ǵǵƿһе̬ȫ޵߶е֣޲ܱͷӡ
ȴڳϫһ֮£һ˲֮䣬ʬ֣ʱûܲԼαɱġ
һУԵ֮˼飬֮ţ
ţѻȸأŨѪϢ˵ŸղһУǻþ
ɺڶʱڽһУɫͬ𾪶еȻ
ԭǱʶϫҪ̫뿪ûκϣΪӽԶ֤κͼܵģ󶼻ᱻɱһ⡣
ɳһֵֿ̬˵һ˿룬õЩ޵߶ҪһҪ̫ӳȥļһ﾿˭ж͡
󡭡ֶܼòŻᱻɱ
ǣǴ˷۶׷ڳϫ
һ·ǰУŷ֣ϫЩһﶼҪһЩҲǿưԵ
һ·ǰУسɱûܣҲûԥһΡ
һȥļʸ޼᲻ݣ
һ·ϣЩ޵ҲһĻĻ𾪣𽥿ʼıԳϫĿвѿʼһ˿ϣٶԳϫ˴жôۡ
Ȼһиı䣬ʮ̫Ͻ̺ۼ֮Ȼֹ
Ϊǿʮλ۾ϵĴڣƾϫһˣ֮⣿
ɽȴǳϣʮλۼ뾹ֽһ㣬ϫһ¾Ƭײ
һУЩ޵ޱȵ𺳣̲סʼ룬һΣϫĿԴ̫ɱȥ
ʵȴЩ޵߽һˮݶˣλľٲȻͬһʣЩ޵̫ӰͿֲ
ݶĳ֣ǳ׸е֣̿еʶΪ³ϫսǿᣬҲƱػᱻݶѹ
ɽ
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̫ˣ
һһɲǣһλľأǵһĻֱ𺳵Ըӵĵز
ֱʱЩ޵߶ûܴһĻɵǿҳѹ

ݶˣ
֮󣬲૳˳š
ˣħˣˣҶΪⱲע޷ħӰѣ˭룬ˡ
˼ϲ
һ˶һλλǰΪѾֲ˺εȵز
Ҳ˾̾ĿоǳĽ
ݶһҲˣ
˶ЦйлѹõԹͿƣǽԶǱ̫Ͻץ䵱Ǽֱڿһ⣬ɿܲˡ
ţλǰأ
Ȼһע⣬ŷ֣֪ʱûλǰӰ
˷ȥع
һ޵ֻ꣬ǿϧǶ֪λǰʵź
ˣôʱӰɣȴ£Ʊػᾪ̫Ͻ̣һǵԮ˭Ҳ뿪ˣ
һﾪˣЩ޵ǵʱ˲пһѷ㳯ԶӴܶȥ
ֻУⱲӶ˳ϫնɱݶһ
һ˫

̫һ϶ֺĹֻȴѲ
УϫһǰǶѻһƤᡣ

һƤᱻ򿪣ӳֳѪдһ֣ϱصģԶЩ̫е仯
ϫȷ̫ȷǾԴĵطǡ족ҲȷһֱڼԴ磡
ҺȻ̫ϽҲ֪ԴĴڣϲǲݶһλȴֻΪ˼¼͹۲仯
һ࣬ҹɫףڵϣһ£ģ
һɱݶ
һɱݶ
Уظһ仰·ֻܼܵ𺳳
˵ҹûϫȻĳɹˣȻĴǧɱһѪ·ժ˵֮׼
һжһѪȶ˼Σҹ޷ѹ
ţ
ʱ򣬳ϫȻüҹסһ飬ʶôˣ
û¡
ϫͷҲڵڷһƤϱߺȻдţǰ̫еһ䣬类ʲôŭ¿ɲѹ
Ҳʱ̫Ͻʥӵ٣ݶһϢҴҶȥ
ϫûмǴǰԼӵ׷ɱӶ뵽Դеʱ
֮ʱڤԴʱ⡰̫е䣡
ӵѾ£ҲԼڤ뵽ԴС
ϫУԼӰ죬̸Ϻˡ
ϫַ֣һƤһλϣעһ۵ּ
£Ҫˣ
֣ϫĪһ֮ǰҹе֪Ϣ˵ϹУǱң弫ȳȻ޷⣬С
һУòԼԴйذɣ
ʶһ㣬ϫԼеЩϹĻҺԼйأ
ܲ
ϫʶؾҪƲ⣬ȥһ˿޷ȥӰ
ǡʱ뿪
ʱҹȻ˳ϫĳ˼
ڡ
ϫһһӣһƬӿ֣һƤܷٻһա
뿪ˣ


2082 
ǰϫһв̽һȦȻ޵˿ƺı
ЩѻɽǺϡ֮ģ磬ⱦеÿһһۣ
ҲǣݶΪһ̫ж꣬޵ıȻ಻ʤ
ܹ￴еıҲһͨɫˡ
ȻЩϫصģǴݶʬѹε鱦
һͭӡ
һٱޡ
һâܵĵ紸
ԶеƷƷʺϲˡ
Ľѿǿ֮Ѱ鱦޷֮ȣɶѽΪĳϫԣҪһЩܹԼս׷ӳ
ǸһЩ
ϫҹɫ԰ףأһµģȻ־óһЩ˶Է
ǣ
ҹһ㶣һͷˮ
񲹳
ϫ򣬡Ͼһ·㵣µģҲЩǷˡ
ҹɫʱþбĪⲹ湻˵ģԼʲôʱ򵣾ˣţ
䲻ޣҹǹԹ԰ЩﶼڳϫɱǰɲȥԼĲ
Ҫʲô
ҹ͵ؿϫСƵİԼе
Ȼ뿪
ϫڵѾ˴룬һɬͼһŲ
ܲȰҷš
ҹżܹ˱Ŷ޷ĸоˡ
ˡ
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ܲһЩ
Уҹǳʵİͳ

ϣռ壬ݶһͷʬڵϣһɹѪˮʶȾ͸档
ˣ
ͻȻһѪݶʬгֱϾԵùضء
䣡
һɲǣ񷶼ҷɲΪһɫؼ衣
ɽʼؿʼѡʱΪ֮ҡγΪ֮𣬿ɲĺƽ֣һŭƵ쫷磬ʼ̫Ű
ҵǣǱץ䵱޵ǰ֮ززĻעᱻһɲɱˡ
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գһƬ󣬱ȫֵ̫һ춯صĺУױ𣬻ΪһƬޡ
˭Ҳûע⵽̫ʧ֮ǰĻϣһĮȻ顢һš

ͬʱ̫Ͻ̡
̫Уһϵ
̫ˣǸϫѾԴ֮ģԴط
ԸȥضԴӶ֣ҪܹŲ뵽һչġ֮սУ

ǿ貣ԣض
ϤľϤϢϫ̲ס˿ڻˡ
ӻĸ뿪׷ɱԴ磬ٵ̫շתշصϤǿУһʮȥ
ʱ޵߶ԣƶݵòֵһɹɶԳϫԣȴѾǨ
ӵ׷ɱòҲԴмʶΪҪǣףԭԼеĵطϸŵһΪ족

ðΣϫſʵһ̣Ѿɿҹ½֡
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ҹɿóһƵĻͭɫһ̽;Ϲߵһ򾳣ǰ紫Ҫ֮á
Ҵ·Ҫã
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ҹ͵ʶλһһɱһλļһԼղŹʱ䣬ԼΪġ
ӦҪ°ɣ
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ҹȻ
ôˣ
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ҹԥ
㻹Ұˣ
ϫһ۾ͿһƺԼЩġ
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ϫֵͲˣֻǰӡ
˶٣ϫϫɽ
ԭǳϫǰ
ҹ˵ţ͵ؼеȵȣ˵ʲôгϫɽ죡ȻǸϫ
͸ޱȵľȺͼš
Ͻ߰ɡ
ϫĿⲻɨһۺǿգٴץסҹ󣬻ӿһƬϽԣȻŲʱնȥ
Ǹɽ״ӳϫܣǰЩŴӻŵзأʱŸ̤ɣôڶǿݶĶ֣
òƭҵİɣ
㵹˵
һ·ϣҹǳԾĽƺ̫ˣҲƺ޷һУδЩ롣

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ԭλǰȻλµɽ״ӣ
ǡսʱ죿һŵеĿȻʯҹˣŲӵжҵΪȻѾһ֮ɱһλˣôܣ
Ҫؼð˵ݣ֮˱Ȼǳϫˣ
ǣĿԵܹΪ˶ʱ㺧˵ĵز
ϫϫû뵽ȳ˵ģɽ״ӡ
ڳϫմҹ뿪ãԭڵƬǿУһ£Ӱ
ǺȻ̫ͬӳЩ޵ߣ
ҺȻ֮ǰϫҹĶԻҲУʶŻᷢһ̾
ûãǱ׷ɢȥ
Щ޵ǷϹУй̫зһҲᱻ
ʱйسϫһֲ֪Ҫεȴĺ䶯Ͳˡ

ʱҴҶ
ҹָ£ϫѾʮ嫹֮磬һǿա
һ·ϣϫǴδЪϢˣҲżΪ۷״̬
һжԴǰزĻΪһѰܹġ
Ͼĸܹϫǰ㣬һɱһλѾõľģ
㲻˵ϹңǱҡĳ𣿡
һ죬ϫȻüڣһ·ŲҲ˲ɱսɶһЩСС֣ģ
սûӵߣϾǿǴϹߵзصġ
ҹ룬ɿ
Ѿȷ˳ϫݣһ·϶Գϫκν䱸෴ΪأֹΪϫ̫оȳΪҹͳϫȷĪ֮ĺѡ
ϫŶһǰŲƶȥ
ܿ죬ٴ㣬㣬ȻңԶǿУðβ૵˵ʲôʲôȻһҡ


2083 ս
ԶĵطһƬϵưŽҶ׺ǳ
ҹָ·һƬڷ硱ͨī򾳡Ψһͨ
Ҫʱڵִ򣬾ͱī򣬶ȻҪī򣬾ƱҪһƬڷϵ
ڷϵΪֶʢڴˣȴΪһƬս
һڷϵսݱչ
¡¡
ǣХײǺڷϵС
һϵͷţʢըգʢš
޵ߣѹѹƣźһƬȷѪꡣ
һƴޱȵս
Ѫȡ
̡
ս˫Զӵл֮ܵǿߣ
ĿӴ֧ӣɱϡĽ棬ѪĽ档
ڷϵΪսѪȣ
ɱ
ʱݡǳ顢񱩵ŰضΪ֮ɫ䡣
ɱ
һ߾ʬ䣬Ѫҽ죬һ̣ϣɼ
ɱ
绯޳ѪɷҵԸӵĵز
ս񾳴ڵս
һϵΪսݵһѪȳһ̣ݽ棡

ϫ˲֪ٵսҲʶ˲֪ٵѪȻ棬ɻͷһμһƴս档
һϵǧв֪̾˶ٵɣ֪ܾ˶顣
һƬϵȴΪһƬս֮أ£֪ж޹鱻УΪսеһ꣡
ϹУȹģսԲᷢˣΪһȹģĴս֪ԵĴŭԹ飬˭Ҳ޷еΡ
ǰˣ
ϹȻʼˡ
ϫһ˵Ǳŭֻоûţ񱻿ݶסǻ
ϫǱ֮ɵĿһһսһ뵽ʱ򣬲֪жڲֻ̾мΪζ
һУ˭֮
Ϊֻᷢȹģս
˰ɣսǰϹѾʼٲƽҡ˭¶ֹһзò˶ã¶սУңͿ̿
һҹ겻ѡ
Ȼûע⵽ϫɫǱõĮһԨиӿһĨ֮
ϣ
һƽ
ҹһȻ̧ͷͿϫ֪ʱڿն𣬻һƳҫ֮Ͻԡ
ִڹӵĽϽ뵣ε˱һʥΰϢǡ
㡭
ҹڣͿһĨִͨĽϫһն
ৣ
財ʢĹ⣬ٶȲ죬ȴһηƣ嫡
˽֮ƣֱһĨƺڰĹ⣬Ǻӣѹʱգһ֮ƣǼԶĺڷϵն¡
䡭
رɲĽңңȥƬǿգ
һɲǣںڷϵмɱ޵ߣԶȻһͣжȻ̧ͷ
ȻǾͿһبǿննɱ£
ǵƣƿ԰˺飡
ʶأս˫۵ңԶðֻ̳Զܶȥ
Ӱ
ѵǵڳˣ
ÿֲ
ֵļӺڷϵвܹһޱȵĺƴսǱһ֮壬ЩԡѪɱ޵߽Զܲѡ
ǺεȾһ
һϵһս޵ߣһ̣Զһ֮壡
սòжϡ
޵ǣֻܡ
ټһڷϵ룬һĨһֱޱȵǿյ;
ȫžѻȸ
вս޵߶ѴסܵһֲִղһԼϡǺֱ룡
һУϫϽԣⲽ
һٳıֱǿյ;ϣɫĮȻʥԵΰˡ
ӰǷֲڸһ޵߽Զ壬翴һλ׼٣оη˼¡
˭
ΪҪһս
ûҲû˸ѯһ˿Ĳ
ŵУϫӰһ㣬̧һץһʮɳıץ
ϫĿ⿴ȥͿǱСĿռУӵˣ
Ů٣ΪΪһֺͯδʼ
ǵȴдͬһֱ飬ǾǾ֡Ȼκһ˿Ŀ
ò£ϫҲⶨȻһõıЩӵڱеǣȻΪӿһսϧɲ
һԭǵսȴĵطϣǡ޹
壬ܲܲɱǣ
һͯȻڣСдϣ
죬㲻Ҫˣ
һ꾪ţһסС죬Ψֳϫŭɱǡ
һ̡
ϫˣµûţûгɣһӣһεһұȻʱգԶǿŲƶȥת˲ʧ
ղų֣òͽΪ˾ǰɣ
һҹ
ֹһ޵Ҳеսܲ˵ģ
кβɣ
ϫü
ҹЦ֪սҵжٸڼƣƾһˣܾȵ˼
ȻˣǾ͵þȣһҲǾȣ
ϫƽ
֪ʱܾȵǵɵ뿪ˣɲսҲ
ҹӲͷƤ˵ֱ׵˵Ķû飬ܰϹսҽˡ
˼ԣƾ޷ֹһеģԾͱЩûˡ
Ŷô
ϫԴ˲ÿɷĿɨʮ޵ɨմ³һ֣
һ֣羪ףڷϵ
вս޵߽Զһ£ɴհ㣬ֻ̳˷Ӵܶȥ
ղųϫһж־ֲ֮£ĻϽˡ
˵һ㲻ĻҸұ֤뿪֮ЩһٴξǲҲỻǰ
ҹɿ˵һ䡣
Ųţһҳģ
ϫĬƬ̣Ȼ
ҹһ㶣оЩĪ
š
ϫԼԴƽȴ͸һĨȻ
˵գҹǰŲƶȥ
ڽһʱУϫһ·һһģƴսеսƴһսҡ
һѪܵʵ޲֤ϹȷҳһţƮҡ
һ·ϫľҲԽԽأԽԽĬԣ˭Ҳ֪оʲô


2084 Щʦʦ

ǳبеĹ켣ѭӳճ貵âֺԻ͡
һǰǰء嫣ɵϫִʱһ۾Ϳĵͬˡ
ɴ£ɱ֮
ϫǰԴ֮ĶԴʼ족
һܹظ֪ǿص
Щɱ٣
ȻҲˡ
ϫвһˣҲζ弫ȳȻҲ޷⡣
ϫѵҡ
һԵҹԥڡ
лˣǡ
ϫһ۾Ϳִ֮ҹǹƼ
ҹû뵽ϫӦʹ죬ðβһһǡתŲʱնȥ
ҹʺá
һ
Ŀҹ뿪֮󣬳ϫҲٶൢ飬һŲƶȥ

ɽ
ˡ
һʱղӳֳϫǾεӰ
ڻˡ
ϤΡɽ壬ƬгӯԶϢϫԭصľƽ١
ʮ£ڻصԼϤ֮أͷ·ⳬȻ֮ΪսҶġ
ϫһжֻʱģһϹĻҵòֹһ죬ǰҲᱻơ
ʱͻȻһϸ΢ʱղں󷽲ϫ΢΢һУסˡ
ž
һֻϸڳϫϣϴһ͸Ϸʵηôɽ
ϤóϫвƵӿһĨΥļů⣬ǸǷһĨĵЦݡ
ȻתͿһǰ
ݰףü续ŮװȴһȻϣ
˿˫ָӯӯЦ΢¶һ鶯֮Եøġ
Ůװ꣬ȻɽСʦ㡪룡
ʱ꣬ٴοСʦһϤװ磬ϤԼǰϫ˼Ҳû㱣һʱ
˵ҲʵΣϫںܶǰѾɽУΪСʦչԵʣֱǲһط
估֣ϫסĵˡ
ڳϫͬʱҲڴϫĺϸӳϫͷ£翴ʱ仯·Ҫʶһϫ
ߣͼѰҵϤǸǿĬӰ
Сʦ㡭
ϫȻ֣̺˲֪У¾ϤϫˣһĻҲеˡ
Ͼ¡ǰϫûһֲֹ֪ôӺ˵ģԵЩ׾ɬ
ҲӲ֤ڳϫУСʦռһΪҪλã˵ǰĽ֮飬ȴȫǣһǡĽУΪӡ
Ͼʱů䣬ʱСʦ룬һ⣬ǳضյһɸϣ顣
֣ųϫľګĴģȴһü⣬Сʦܣˡ
ϫ۾Щ⣬ˣ
˫ָųϫⲽƵӿųϫðΣ̾ϢǱˣΪȻҶô࣬Һܲġ
ϫʱȻԭΪΪԼЩ϶һЩСʦ㲻ϲϢлΪ㷣˭룬ȴȻһɡ
ųϫģҲ̿һЦЦö⶯Ц󽿻Ŀ
һ£ϫҲȻʧЦѾ֪СʦڿЦ޷ҪŪԼһ¡
óϫֲпСʦȻû䣬۵Ը
߰ɣʦǿɵܾˣͲ̲סɱĸȥӪˡ
һץסϫ֣תԶɽȥ
ϫܹܵһϸ۵ů͸ű¶ȣ
óϫ΢΢ЩʣɺܿͰҡͷڴǰСʦɲֹһԼһǰеġ
ɽɫԴ䣬ɽ·ѣ򰣬ᾣҩ¾ϼ
ϫ벢ǣ֣ʰ׶ϣɫľѾǱȻʡ
˽ԶԣƶʱŻѵǢ
ֱ˿ҪɽۣȻһ𡪡ֲøղСʦһգ۾ͲˣԭСʦܻˣ
ϫʱһȻľоѣźۼذִСʦг˳
̧ͷȥʱȻͿһΰӰԶЦݵؿԼ
ɫڣüƵĺ룬ǣһһ򵱹Īƣɽһ״ƺ
ʦֻ˿֪Ȥ
ԶƺһۣҪץϫ֣룬ջ㬷ˡ
СʦԶأգһף
ʱһģƾճƺԱߣһһžƺҡͷ˵һ֮ͨ󣬾ͷһھƣһ󺨳Ц
ò£Ȼɽһĵᡣ
ʦ֣ʦ֡
ϫæǰ
ɻ˵ʲôһӵٴδ
Сʦܻˣ
죬ҿһȥˣҾͷһСʦܣʵ
ҲǣҲСЩѷأΪβһ
СʦܣģÿɱȴʦֻΣҿһʦֵУҲֻʦҡܹСʦܱһ˭Ӣˡ
ӵڶһӰ֣Ů٣һ֣ԶĿˢˢ˳ϫϣĿоϲͺ档
ϫʱһЩȻԼʦŵʦʦˣ
ĿɨȥһϤӡʦҡ
СʦܣҸܣʦֲͼȻ֮ռĺľʯЩȤȥҪ
ָһòͨʶغƵ˵
ʦ٣вٿý١ġҮ񱴵ȵȣؾţ˳ȾӲɱЩҲʵ˷ѡ
˵ţָһ£˿磬ռΪׯŮ˵
սָ꣬һһݵĻǰʦֺܸͣɾ˿Ǻݣһ˯ǧꡣ
Ǿʦ硭
ʮʦľ㡭
ʮһʦԨ
ʮʦ
ÿһϫæǰֻ֪ˣһҲ֪ɽһһ״ӵģ
һʦֵܼüһãһʱ֮䣬Եúò֡


2085 ɫ
ɽԵø֡
һʦִֵ֮ܵ½ӰҲ׷׸߳ƺϫΪСʦ棬߳ƺϫСʦ壬ҲƺΪСʦܡ
ȻЩɽʦŵһĴˡ
ԭϫΪϹ򶯵ɽҲɱⱻУеʦֵֻ´ѱɳ磬˭룬Լ֮󣬾һֵĳ
ôˣ
ϫЩɻǣʦѩԼвûȺС
ǡȥˣ

ֵʱţȷϫȷǰȻɽ֮ûãɽһڴɢȥ
ųϫǰɽһȥ
ʦأ
·ϣϫ̲סʵ
ں̫Ͻ̶
ڵ·Ѿ˽⵽ϹѾǶһƬҲϣһƽǣɽҲ޷⡣
˶٣£ѩλʦǰЩѾ˴ʦŵʦٻȥʼһ̫Ͻ̵
ϫüһоΪʲô
㣬񷣬β˵λҵԭ򲢷𣬶

ϫһ

ϷһĨ֮ɫǰϹе䣬ǰƽһ˿񱩵ζʱήһЩɲ֡
̶̼Уʮ޵ƾʱǴзֲϹڵбƽ٣׸һա
Ǵδ䣡
˵⣬зһ˿֮ɫ˴ŵλʦݹһ䣬ȴֻȷһ¡
ϫ̲סʵʲô£
ϹʷĪһҪױˣ
һһ٣͸һĨء
ʷĪ⣿ױ
ϫҲЩɣһ𣿡

ҡͷϹǰһƽѵֻϣƮҡʵ˷ѽ⡣
⣬ϫĪԼ̫еһЩ⣬ˡԴʼ족͡족֮ĶԹԼڵġԴ֮ġ
һ䣬òĺԼԴйذɣ
ϫһʱǳˡ
Сʦܣ
ϫþòԣ벻ɻɨһۡ
Ŷû¡
ϫ͵شӷӵ˼ѹ
һѣ㲻̫⡣
Ц˵̫Ͻ̽һֿʼ˷ˣѴ쵽ɽŮ洹ԺУе˴ŵλʦڣʱڣɽǲڻᱻӰˡ
Ժأ
ϫ̲ס̫Ͻǰһ߹䣬Ȼ̫Ͻ̵һж绢һҳȥǺɲ롣
ӳϫãЦ̾Сʦܣȷˣǰ㣬ɴӻῼЩġ
ϫȻҲǸд࣬Լ֪ʲôʲô䡣
ԼѾǰĩ֮ţʶĸҲԴ磬Ϊ̫࣬ʶĸ߶Ҳòһˡ
Сʦܣֻܸ㣬һ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˳ȥɽȷпָܻΣա
һɫرøӣ૵֮£ΪϣҪֹһУã
ɽҲпܻһи仰ϫ类شݺһǣһ˵ܡ
Ĭã˵Сǽģұ֤ɽḲģ
ƽ͸һɼᶨ
㱣֤
ݸ֪ϫڰοԼҲΪãЦСʦܣѾʦ˵ڻĸе飬ȻѾȫأרĿʼǰΪǡ֮ս׼ɡ
˶٣ķ꣬ɽֻҪȫᡣ
ϫüѵμǻ֮սܱȺɽİΣҪСʦ㣬ǰȫΪŷˡ
ż⣬ĳϫЦˣҳСʦΪ˰ɣҶ߳üͷأ˲𡣿񻹲ǵɽΣʱܹӵһս֮ģֻӵеΪС
ǡ
ϫü˵꣬ͱϣǵ˴ŵλʦѩλʦһľСʦܣĪΪľǴģ
ϫæҡͷ
ʵӦǼȻҪ㾲Ϊ֮ս׼ȻΪ±鶼ҪҪ
ϫһԣСʦ㻹ǰ˼ڴϲҪġ
ϫ˼ãοЦѡ
̸ʱɽһϵǰֹ˵Сʦܣӽڴ˵аɣ޽Ҫ֮£û˭߶ġ
ϫ˵ͷ£ܶ˵ʲôҲֻܽһаˡ
Ȼ쿪˫ۣӱס˳ϫСʦܣ㲻Ϊ˾ᣬԺɽĳΣʱϣǸˣ
Ľ壬һǶˣλĵףһ̳ϫиʣƽǰδеļᶨ
ûгֻĬĬһġ
κɿסϫ˫̧֣ͷųϫӣЦȥɣпɻвڵ㡣
ϫʱһòҶϰסǰɣ
һ֮ʣȻȥأһƮ죬𽥱䵭Ϊޡ

֨ѽ
ϵĵűƿϫ̤УȻͿҶϰסѵȺǡ
ֻлһóϫϲˣʱϫвӿһĨϲ
ֻһϮȹ쾱޳ѩףںŨܵĳһ֧ľб˸٣׹Ժ¶һף񾲴ӡ
һĨưȻɢһԵõϢ
űƿϫǾεӰʱҲ̧ͷһƵһȻ
㡭ˣ
ϫϲ粽´ǰԼ˶Ůӡ
ŮȻ硣
ܡơУ˰㣬þ޷ѹҲǼۣűϫԡ֮ӡеĴ֮ǡơ
ֻʱϫΪҪǰĸδ֪ܹʱ
񿴼سԼǰϫܲϲˡ
š
ҲǾϲĪȾЦ⣬ǱϫȵĿⶢʱЩԲסףϸƵһ
ϫˣҲЦ
ߣ֮ǰô˵ţСһˣͿ϶ǵĴڣͽмɫ壬˵أ
һϰ׺ܲõֹһ
һӷɵϫԵ£Ŵ˵ӲŲǼɫ塣
Ҷֻʼ磬ңҿɲϽ


2086 ɥĲͷ
ϰסҶһϫҲЩ鲻סɿһЦû뵽ط֮󣬾ôྪϲʵ⡣
شӣ㰲ȻҲܿء
ϫݸ˿磬ֿ˿ϰ׺Ҷ˵ñط꣬ǲҪһ
ϰߵƣɫļһ￪ʼתƻˡ
ô˵ϲųżе죬ϻˣϽþƳҶľƳѾ˺ܶˣ
˽ԶȻ

£ϫóһЩض𣬺ϰʼѾԻｻڡ
ϰǽԶܺ棬ϫЩ꾿һЩʲôϫҲûǰĸֱ񷵻ص鶼һһ˵ˡ
Լ࣬ƽЩϰǶУȴþ޷ƽ
ĸ
Դ硣
̫
˭󣬶̶ʮ£ϫô࿰Ʒ˼飿
˭еж٣

ƹѲ΢
Ҳ룬رϥбһͭƱϣɾС˵ģɷ
ϰף֪˴Եɣ
ϫȻʵϰ׺ųơ֮ʦ֪ͨ򷨣ϫҲ֪ϰ׶Դ˴οġ

ϰ׺سĬã֪̾࣬Ҳҿģ֮һ
Ŷ
ϫ˵ǺСʦ˵Ϊơ
Ҵ»ǿжϳһעԶעϹɲɹӰ졣
ϰֲһ䡣
ãβܻһ
ϫ̲סʵ
⣿
ϰҡͷ֪䣡εϣܱȵģǡ
˵⣬ϰ׺ȻȻЦЦܰˣһͻˡ

ϫֻһԺе˼·⵽׻Ƶģܡ족ԼΪδû⣿
بǰձһڲ֮ͬսա족ںȡʤ
УΨԴʼ족úͼ֮һ족̲ںϵΣա
ʱ񣬡족Ѿȫ硢Ϲȵ򣬿ݣΥ
ϫ񣬶û˼Ƿܱܣ˵ǱʶδԴ˲һ˿ͷ
Ͼһӵͷ͵ǡ족֮ϣκ޵߶ԣƵַһͷעҪǴģ
ĳϫѿһУνҲеˡ
ʶǼɵǾη
ʱϰ׿ƿЦһ仰ѣõóϫ͵ؾͲһǰδеͷ
⡰족䣬ϹôΪβܽܣӶžһҼɢȥ
ܷ죿
ܷ죿
ܡ
Խ룬ϫоͲһԽǿܺͼͷ·ѹĵĿ׼
ϫҲ˵ΪԼ˷ܣܵԼľұãԼеЩԾ
ܷ졭
κ޵߶ԣ¶һ治ĵĽɣ
һҲǣһôɵȥһµԾȷԵ̫ͿЦ
죬ôǿԱܵģ
ˣˣ
ǡ
˭֤޷ܵģ
ϫ𵴣þõĳ˼С


Ҳ֪˶ãϫŴһ˼ϵһ̣סһԨĺ±üᶨ
ϰһ仰ͬһףƿϫĵıϣһӣȻѿ

κһ޵߶ԣȷ̫ɥĲ񣬴治
ɶԳϫԣȴһԣ
ΪӵСֻء֮ӵĺͼӵһȫµԴ֮ġҲǡԴʼ족
ȻϫԻܡ족ûһ˿գ֪ξжţһ죬һжٵģ
ˣ
һ񾲵ڶ𣬳ϫ̧ͷע⵽ټĵУֻʣԼˡ
ʱԼһ˿ʵһ˿֮ɫ
أ
ϫȻ
´ŵ㣬ϰձѾ뿪ˡ

գ
ϫЩԾѾȥһˣ
˵ͷ
óϫЩΪһͷԼһ죬Ȼûй˼ϰǣʵЩ˵ȥ
㡭ðɣ
ԥһ£ջ̲ס˳
ųϫһһҹܰһһ뵽һжΪϰһĻƻܲĳϫ״ˡ
û¡
ϫһӳױ˵صģҿɲͿҪھȥս
ϸҶƵüԺأ
ϫЦԺ£˭˵׼أ
Լĵ׵뷨磬ൣģϾ¶˶ԣֱǻƵ˼¡
û׼֮ǰǲͿµġ
ЦЦĹƺ˳ϫ˼ȴδԴٶ˵ʲô
磬Ȼǻ۳Ȼȴ˲׽
ˣʦȱΪλᱻұץ
ϫȻ
ûпҸһ򣿡
Ȼ
ϫڵԼӹұܷоʱһȾѪ򽻸ԼԳʦȱ˵һҲǹұҪõġ
ʱϫѲµһȾѪ͵ȱ˴ɱ֮ɳϫûȥһ
ǳһֶأҪǣʱϫȫȥġ
ȻȾѪǵȱ˵Ե䴫ģɲԸԽ޴ˡ
ûС
ϫҡͷ
Ϊʲô
̲סʵ
һѹġ
ϫڵ
һ仰糹˵ϫ˼нסһɱů
ǰӣĥ£أԻһ΢ģ͵ڴʱȣɴûз仯
ΪԱ仯ԪԱ仯ǻҲԱ仯˭ϫ㣬һͨ͸ᶨıֵڣ
ԼһμʱǱһɣ
뵽⣬紽ѽסȾһĨĵЦ⡣
ڣųϫã˵һУһصʦԣһһռ;޵ǰĵطͬҲֻ̤ռ;޵߲ܹͽУ


2087 ĸ
ԣϫͫһһֻ̤ռ;޵߷ʸ

ݹϹ򣬻ص
İϷһ˿ӣΪʦһڵľλãһɱ֮ϧ˼ûȥһһƬھʲôӡ
ϫʾο
翴һ۳ϫȻ֪ʦȥ
ʦ
ϫһȻɽ֮ˣ
ںܾ֮ǰϫʱѾ֪ɽ֮Ϊĳ˵ԵʣƮȻ뿪ɽδ
ϫżҲ棬Լλһֱδıʦ𾿾ȥΪֱҲδһϢ
񣬵ĻõóϫѿڶòȥԵһ֮ذɣ
˵ͷӦˣֹɽ֮ˣŮ洹ԺԺԺԺ̫ϽһЩǵλ൱Ŀֲڣ뵽һƬ֮С
ϫֲһǴصطʲô˶ͨ뢽У
òҲռ;йذɣ
ԣ
϶˼ˡ
ϫϸһ룬ŵͬҲռ;йأȴûôǰԱȣԿ֮Ǻε֮ˡ
֮ؾ
һ뵽⣬ϫǽסʳ
硣
粢δֱԵʦ֮һֱеĲ֪֮أΪ˲̽һڣ˼ҵΪѿԽϹˡ
硭
Ϥޱȵĵطϫһ㱡
ڴǰһֱûиоʲô֮ڸսϹʱ޵߲мؽƺΪ͵λ棬Ĵڡ
ɵΪһ˽˸֮ŷ֣Լ˽ȫͬҲ޵߿еĵ͵λ棡
̫λصԣ£ΨвŴֻ֮ʶ¡ʦҡʯֻתʱҲֻܽнС
֮ϹжҲֻ֮ڣ
ֱĩ֮У˽ǰ˸ԪĸǨ֮󣬳ϫףܹ˸Ԫ棬Ӵ浽ģ˺ͼ磡
֮Ϲǰ˸ԪԶУ
һϵʵҲһ֤ڵĶ֮
ͬʦѩҲͳϫ˵ɽŮ洹̫Ͻ֮ԶӴһɵͳͬҲΪӵصĶ
ָͷһͨ뢣ҲܿǺε֮Ȼ
𡢻ڤۡˡŮ洡̫ϽȵȴڣɽԶǵУ
ؼһڣġ족ǡԴʼ족ͬҲУ
һУѾ㹻֤жôĹϣǶôغͲ˼顣
˵һ֮ؾλУϫ֮࣬һҲˣⱾ֮е顣
һصط
ϫһѹзҵ˼ʵ
֪֮ء
罫һֵݸϫϱʦµһЩйһ֮ص
ϫӹ૵֪֮ءȻǲ֪ڡ
֪֮أһʿΪ˼еġСɽ硱ֲضϵĵͳ
𻯾¡¹Ժȱ˺ڵһԪڡģȴһЩɵĹϵͳ
Щͳжλˣٵֻһˣ
һˣˣյĽԶһȫ֪ͬжء
ȱڵһԪڣڻ֮ʣܹŮ洹Ĵڣ
Щǳϫʱ֪йء֪֮ءϢʹš
ϸһ룬ϫŷ֣ԼСˡ֪֮ءһУ
ƽһָпǿɽɽˮˮǿɽɽˮˮ
ɽˮʵû䣬ֻԼɽˮˡ
һ̳ϫ𣬵Լ׳ͬҲǽ֪֮ء𻯾ܹϢ͵͵Ǳ뵽ɽУ
ʱ򣬸׳ѻָֻתǰļ䣬ǰǻĸе䣬һλ֮սĵڣ
׳Ҳ֪ǡ֪֮ءĲ֮ʶŻַʽɽУ
Խ룬ϫԽо಻˽Ķܿмֵ
ͬЩƬ˽ҲƷһЩµ뷨֪
ӵ򣬿ºطˡ
̾Ϣ
ΪΣ
ϫü
˵ԣϹκһλǿӵеѳļޣʶԹܹϹطҲָ
һϸͻ׵ģǿУѱϹں̲ˡ
⵹ȷǡ
ϫ˼ȻʦѩǿԷУºʯܹתޣʦ̫ϽŮ洹ܹ˵֮ءһж˵ҪطҲûа취ġ
û£ͻȻһº͵ˡ
Żƿ߽һͷѩ棬̬ºӡ
Ȼɽѩ
ʦ֣
ϫϲ˵ʦѩʦֶٻ͵˴ŵλʦһں̫Ͻ̶Ϊʱ޷ٵüѩû룬ѩһ̳ˡ

Ҳ
ѩ߽֮Цʾ˲ؿ٩ԭѵִһ̸Ҳ̴ţʶߣǾͲСǵĻǿɲҪƷвˡ
ϫֵĻᣬʦҶԴʦֵĵ֮ء
ѩЦЦһ˵Сʦܣ䣬֮Ƶڿɲطʱ򡣡
ϫ̲סǾʲôʱطʱ
ѩ룬ӡ֮սзصʱɡ
Ǵʦֿ֪֪֮еһ֮أ
ϫʵ
֪絮ĵطųơĸءһЩıԴܣֻ̫գҲûаܹдʶһֱδ̤С
ѩ̹Եܻ˵ҲóȻ
óϫȻšĸء֮Ƶ֮رԼ˽ҪΪɲ
ʦǽУ־ΪѰʲô
һ̣ϫѾƮȻȥʦˣͬĸеŮ洹̫Ͻͨ


2088 
ѩ룬Ҳûش㣬ӵнĸصʱ˽еԵˡ
ϫʼ磺Ҳֻˡ
ѩһСʦܣСʦ˵˴δӻĸʱԴ磿
ϫ˵ͷⲢûʲôġ
ѩһһ˿ڴпʲôصļ

ϫЩȻĵʦ֣˵ĻҸоԴеһжԵΪء
˵ţԴеһмһһгڴʦѩҲûıҪ
һУѩɫ΢΢Щ֣Ĭ˼ã˵ȻԴʼҲδӳлָ
ϫȻʦҲ֪Դʼ죿
һڣϫ֪ԼЩ࣬ʦѩȻ˵һȻԴĴڡ
ѩЦЦûٶ˵ʲôֻǶϫСʦܣȻԴԴ֮Ľ㣬Ҫúñܴ˵
û˵꣬ϫ˵˵гһգԸɱﵣ
ѩкطһĨӣоȣοͬһ˿ĵǡ
ðΣ˵Сʦܣûȫ׼֮ǰĪҪٸκ̸¡
ԭϫ˵һΪ̽һ´ʦѩķӦһشĻ
ϫһʦַıǡ
ѩЦŵ˵ͷ㳤𣬵СʦܣͰɣǡ
ϫæ͡

ȷһλӰ˿ؽ㲩˲ĺܡ
ϫѩסпһ
ѹЩһֱɽУҲԿѩϤշڲʲô֮Уϲɽ侻ĵط
ǰЩ䴳˲ãҺûдʦֵշҿºߵһ
ϫԣҲЩ귢һЩ顣
ԺҪúñ

ϫʱݸ˵̫ˣҺڴгһܹϴʦֵæ
ʲô

ϣгһҲ㣬ȥչ
ϫһ˵ȻҲɽеͬš
һԵġ
ӯӯϲϫıԣżյҲһ㡣
ΪʲôһʺͳϫЩŮ˾֪ˡ

𣬳ϫʼչ
Ķͻң·ٺ޹ء
뻤֮սʼİʱ䣬ԳϫԣʱԵΪԣ
ϾΪӵԪӡԵʣȫû˽ϵıϡ
֮ϫֻ谴ͰزһԪӡԼΪڶʱɽز
ϫȴ˿и
֮սһڷ֮ɽϵĿ֮޵ҲԶԻĸΪǿoÿһӵŲھܣ
oԭѹ޵һͷټϲ뻤֮սĽԶԻĸиеǿߣ֪ʱ֮սʱúεȲпᡣ
Ҫǣһʢڷ֮ɽĻģ
֮ɽĵطϵġ֮񡱱بϡ
بܹ̤Ŀݣǵڣ
Գϫԣ֮ɽһ֮ĵطǾ롰족ĵطһƬ
£ӵкͼԴ֮ĵĳϫҪеŸ಻Ԥѹ
һϵܱ¶ǿ¸޷ӷ֮ɽϻŻˣ
ǳϫΪɵĵط
ɵɵΪƾΪɺͳ̫ԼϫǱȥ
ڳϫһǰ֮ɽ˳Ļ˵ܹԼŵйء֮ɽĸܣ
ͬҲϫĸԸ뻤֮սԭ֮һ

ʮ
ϫ֮ӡƿڻ֮Ԫ֮ʵҲ֮ˮǴߣͻƽز
ʮ꣬ϹֻƵ˻Ϳ̿ĳ֮塢ɶܲ
һУϫȻ֪
ڽزһ߼ȹΪһ߽˼תġ򽣵ϡ
Ҳǵִ֮óϫƾһǰδеĸ򡪡Ҫ֮ƾѺѰ쵽
֮ЩδļԪӡһЩع屦ֻ𵽸ã޷ԳϫκʵԵͻá
һжóϫʶҪȻҪסμӻ֮սһϻԵ
ǰϹĴڣ¶ǷëǵĴڡ
ڵУӵһλϹŶ壬ѾԿ붥Уд˱֪Ǻ֮Ȼ
ɽȵ弫УǿߵĿҲֻһСˡ
ϡΪͬˣܹ̤ȳȻߵزģп¶Ҳһ
䣬´ңֻƵۼһƽϯϹܹϫʱȻѾ
п˵˵ɽıӻĳϫܹķˡ
ϫҲһ㣬ѽزӵ˲뻤֮սʸҲһ˿һи
ӵоΪ֮󣬶ʱѺͻƣⲻս޷ٽһ
ƷʡΪ򽣵ΪԶԴӲͬս

ڱչؾ޵ĵһꡣ
ϫΪӡԭʼľĵ͵زͻ߶ͣ̾ڵеһӰѴһͯɱΪģͳϫòȫһޡ
Ӱǵĵ֮ڳϫ־սŲɹ洦
ͬʱʦѩϢϹеĻѾױÿһУÿ춼ʧ˻С
ֵһǣһҵվǲɱ˵ЩԼϣһʱ֮䣬ҲҳһƬȷѪ꣡

ڳϫչصڶꡣ
ϫĽΪͻؾսٴεɱ䡣
ϹսϣֻϵͳΪ棬òʼѡӪԴѰӻ
Ϊ弫ɽŮ洹ԺԺ̫ϽɳΪΪǵͶ
һʱ֮䣬зɫ䣬ԭеĸֳױƣӪ𽥿ʼγµĸֺ
УԡеԾӵ̫Ͻһлģ


2089 ƹ
̫Ͻ̱ǵ弫֮һۺϣи
Ҫǣ̫ϽһֱǡķߣȫΨһһܹµĿɲ
Ҳˣ̫Ͻʱɽһڴ˼Ϊǰһ߹
ΣһϹĻұ˶֮ΪѰԱΪѰӻͶ̫Ͻ̵ֱ֮꣬ʤ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ¶ڷֻΨ̫ϽûУټ̫Ͻ̺͡һصĹϵõΪֻͶ̫Ͻ̣һƽջ
ȻҲкܶһ֮Է֮죬֮ңȻ̫ϽƲ
Ͼһ֮һֱСе̫ϽĿܻ޶ԣ
ʵҲˣЩ̫Ͻ̳һҲ֪̲˶һЩһ¶ܼ̫Ͻ̵˼ͻ⵽̫Ͻ̵Ѫѹ˸³
̫ϽֲпѪȻඥĲɲ鲻ǰҲֻˡ
ЩԭɽŮ洹ԺԺļԣԲݹൣĻ̫ܵϽ̵ѹ
ȴòģһ˳ȥ³Ҳᱻ뵽弫֮ĶԿͽС
弫֮ᷢײ
ᣬһʷǰĿǰƽУײȻᷢ

չİꡣ
ϫħ֮ӡƿڵļԪУΪͻƣҲеԲز
֮⣬ĥºʹ½ȡʮ鱦֮Ѵﵽһֿǰǿĵز
ʱ򣬾䱦ͭǮϡ鱦Ҳֻڽǰ޹⡣
ԭڣ鱦ȫͬӵŽ޵ռ䣬ܹȡ鱦ľϵ¶һݣǿ˫
ͬʱڵΪ棬ϫٶͻƣԭʼľڰ˶͵ز
ΪһʹʦѩĽлͻƣؾز
̸һʹʦѩĶԾҲǳһżȻϫΪԼսѾõһȫɱ䣬ΪĵҪսһزĴʦѩ
ϾڰʱѾܹɱ̫Ͻ̾ݶΪزΪͽҲõɱ䣬ȻܿĵдһһԼսﵽ˺εȵز
֪ϫѩҲȻܣһдڿʼˡ
Ȼǣѩһָֻͷóϫ粽УʹҲ޷һ
Ǹоͺס˵ϣκεԵ˵ͽ͡
óϫЩܸУʱѩȻҲ˳ϫľ仯ǸȻ˵һԭҪοϫûȴóóϫĻ
ǸСʦܣΪѾԺĵ棬ʶս
仰ƺƽϸһƷȴһ˾֮С
սѹƵóϫãôȫĻָúεȿֲ
ʱϫһӾҲʶ˴ʦѩʵı̬֮
ãѩѾڵнãѴﵽһֿҪԲĵزԸѰڣһֻᶯսٶ˷ˡ
óϫ΢һЩϾʦΪڣȴǵеĶսѹסԼҲ֮С
ȻѩͿʼսͳϫд裬ҵǣȲεսȻɰѳϫȵǱɱϾóϫӵһ֮
գϫֿɲĶԾѹ£ڽΪȡͻƣĵزһٴѩ
ϸԣǴֻսѩ
ϫԼҲһʤû壬Ǻܸмʦֻ᲻䷳غԼд衣
ѩ˵ӵоΪĳϫڽΪͻ˽֮Ѿ߱˺Ѱڽͣ´򲻹ԷҲӵмϣסԼ
ȻҪɱһϣãϾȲ̫ȻѾʼ˴յһܹġ
ˣϫ߱սҲ㿰ˣ
Ͼݹ۹Ž񣬷ȫ£ĸܹϫ㣬ܹӵкѰͣ
ǳϫչ֮ʵȡõľɱ䣬Ʋ˼飬ʵһжˮɡ

ڱչİһʮ֮ʣϫƹض
ΪǼڷ֮ɽĻĻ֮սѾʱ䲻ˡ


2090 
ϵУϫ
꣡
Ѿ񲼰ڵϵںڳϫһĨն˴룬ͷԺһ̣һβ¶һ忡ӡ
ԨǿգǧתУ¶һĨļµϡ
ǣεӰһ̾°ͦ׿ȻΡ벻ɺѳȻ
Ǳչİ֮󣬽زΪؾΪԭʼľڰ˶Ͳεĳϫ
ϹУҲԳƵһλ뢣
Щͷѵޱȵϡģ磬·һҵ᲻ɡ
ڤ嵭ˮһ˿٩ζ
ϫתͷͿڤһ̧࣬ףһԴڵͫڴԼӨ󴽽ǷһĨЦ⡣
ϫȻڤĻǲ٣ЩϷϸ΢ɶǴÿһ˿ж̲ž˵Ѫ֮Լһ޵Ĵϣ
һͷͶȣУ
ôһϷһ𣬸޵еȷһЩûʲô
Ҫˣ
ڤҲչһ޳Լ֫һֹŵ侫µʥ֮ü죬Ʊʯϴ˿ģչֳһ־Ķǵ
ڳϫչصĵʮͷڤѾ޸ƣӾлָ˹
ԭڵ֪ϫѴɽʱڤ΢΢ЩڣһƯ̫ãϰȻһ˶
֮ǰܹ֮ܳϫĴڣҺͳϫһ·УҲǳһѰռ;˼ʱƣѾ𽥽һϫʵ
ⲢڤԺദˡ
ǹ°Ȼ飬ԼһƯľעܻӵкܶѡ
оԼܹɳϫһ㣬һ⡣
Ժڤɲٽɳϫ֮ĵڶѡˡ
ţӦѰɣ
ڤʱҲ㲻ԼͳϫĹϵѾöЩֻҪܳϫ߾㹻ˡ
ҺãʱгϫһֱڱչأҲδڤɽϵͬţڤŴеĿܣһֱС
Щģڤôоͳϫһͬ˴ŵİʱ⡣
ǻ֮սʣʮʱ䣬Ǵȥĸе·;ϣҪķѶ£Ҳʱˡ
ϫ˵⣬̲סڤҪһȥҿɲұ֤жһЩպ⡣
ڤܹɽȻõģʦշԲʲôա
ȥҾȥ
ڤǺԥƽһȻģ
óϫðβЦҲá
ڤ˿ϫԥãջǵҲǹ㣬ֻϰһ˶޷ʱһİĵط뿪ˣҡĲ֪Ҫȥˡ
ԽԽ΢ڤʥϺ¶һ˿Ȼ˸С
óϫвһ΢΢Щۡ
Ȼ͵ŮӣϸԪĸпʼƯϵԽغڰһ·׷Ѱ֮ռ;
ԼϿһ˿ϣʱͻȻһƬİĻУȷʴˡ
ϫָоʱ̳ǼЦΪɨǣõ鲻֪бóĬľګʱͬҲܿܺİ˽Ӵ
룬ҴӦһҵռ֮·֮ǰԲᶪһˡ
ϫЦڤļְ˵ܵľٶȴڤ΢΢һͷһڴһĨײĻϲһš

ڤԸİˣϫҲǿ뿪˴
׼׵ˣ
һУǰݷõĳϫʱѩ֪⣬Цʵ
ţˡ
ϫͷ
Ǳɡ
ѩԵΪѣûκε飬ųϫ߳˶뿪ǰȻҪɽϵһͬһһǱ
ֻΨϫû뵽ǣһǰĸμӻ֮սֻдʦѩһͬǰ
ʦأ
·ϣϫ̲סʵ
ͬ˴ŵλʦһԿ̫Ͻ̡
ѩڵȻ˴βһǰҲΪ˱ӣϾĸеϲ壬ҪսһĻվһЩҪ鷳
ϫԭˡ
˵⣬ѩȴʲôɫЩ֣дһ˿ɣβ˵СʦܣӦЩ岻һǴӵһ𣬱Ϊ˺ϣǴӲϹе飬ʵǺͳ䵱߹̫ϽҲûʲô𡣡
ϫüʦ֣˼ǣ
ѩЦЦһԵȻȴǷһĨɱ֮ɫֻ㣬ڻ֮սʲô⣬ȫع˼̫࣬ɱɱ
ϫһʶһλ֮սƺԼԤлҪһЩ
ˣʦֻҴһ仰
ѩ˵
ʦʾ
ϫ
ڻ֮սϲֵַҲȫؿɱ⣬ǲġ
ѩЦ
ϫУϲǿ֪ҺʦֵĹϵӦ鷳ɣ
ѩҡͷʦֵǸӳϲ壬ʱϲҲв˼ǺŴ¡
˶٣濴ųϫȻ仰ʦԣͲپЩ˭ԣͰԴ򲻿ɲ
ϫ룬յͷӦоģҲֻԼ֪ˡ

ķһʱ䣬ϫźɽеһͬһһǱϣȻҲٲ˺ϰסҶǴǱ
ڳϫ뿪ΪᣬջѩĸԤ£˵Ĳаѳϫˡ
ˡ
һŲɬĲ˸УһƬƮҷѤ
ŲǰѩϫڤѵȺ
ڤĴڣϫѸ֮ѩѩҲֻ֣ǵ֪ڤϸԪʱѩ̲סڤһۡ
ŮӼϸԪУҲȻ򵥣СʦҪС
ѩڤۡ
ϫȻҲһ㣬ܹԦϸԪ¯¶ӴⱾ֤ڤܲ˼顣
ϫڤΪԷȹһΪͨôʱĽӴڤһˡ
ϫҲţԼǶȻῴڤġ
ѩǰڤһֱųĬɫƽɳϫܹоڤЩڣƺַΧ
óϫҲû취ֻһЩڤ죬ͼԻһе
߰ɡ
ۼŲѳױѩЦųȥ

ڴʱһԶ


2091 
ϫŤͷȥͼһٻӰڲԶ
һϮȹƮݳ֬һͷں˳ĳʣȻӣ󣬶ͷӨףƥ
翴һλӻӣƻãǷǵֱܹӵС
Ůʵ̫Ƭض޹⣬£䶼·һֹ̾
ϫĿһЩš
׼ŲеѩһĻʱҲ΢΢һ˼ؿ˳ϫһۣɫЩ֡
Сʦ㣿
ðΣϫŻعԾ
Ů°°ͣһͶݺݵ˳ϫһۣʲôûôٿٳ
ϫɫһͣЩڨڨղŵȷˣĻ뵽߳ϲŮװСʦ룬ȻָŮӴ磿
ǣ봩һϮʥȹһͷ㷢ɢʱģֱݣʵҲһ˿覴ãʱסԲλĸо
Ҫǣ⻹ǳϫһμСʦ˴磬ȷ̫ˡ
ϫģ΢΢Щ⣬ɵϫߵڤʱʱüһ壬ⲽڤߡ
ִʱڤֻǿһۣջĿ⣬ϲİ˽Ӵ
ˣƥƮȻģʱҲһ˿΢΢Ȼû뵽ɽϾȼ㡢ǻһŮˡ
ϫƺԷΪСʦ㡱ʱڤŷӦԭһʦ㣬ֲôƯ
ڤͲٶ룬ֹȻ飬ܹĶɲࡣ
ǣͬŮˣĵֿҪǿڳϫ
ֻǣϫλСʦ㡱ǰһӰĿڴ
ڤ΢΢Щų⣬һīüҲ΢΢һڴѴһ˿⡣
һһĻϫʱһСʦʱҪʲôɵȻڤʱЩĪĵġ
ѩƺһЩʲôãǷһĨ޵Ц⣬˫ֱۣζƵشǰһУƺоȤ
룬ϫʦ㡣
Щţһ˿˿ŵʱȻ΢΢һЦģӨףһԼ
ڤҲЩ⣬ջǴӴ³һ֣ڤ
Լ࣬ûһֵķϻ
ڤ
һĨõĹ⣬ȻǣҼסˣһҲҪסҵ֡
ö
˵ţתЩĳϫûСʦܣʲôϽ߰ɣ

ϫ͵ѹҲƵĴܽŲУҲ˵Ϊλ˽ţЩĪ顭
Сʦãǡ
ѩЦЦʾһ£Ҳ֮Ų
ڤŽʱϺȻһõסˣԺСʦܴһ𣬿Ҫһͬⲻͬ⡣
ڤײؽһ£ӿŲ뵽ŲУûͷҲ֪⻰֮ڡ
ֻɻǣΪγϫСʦԼ˵һ
ʦ֣СʦܣڤǱء
ЦŲ⣬ŰֺǴǱ
ˡ
һɬĲȻŲк𣬳ϫǵӰҲ֮ʧ
ֻǣŲתһɲǣһҲӿУСʦ㣬
ʱ֮䣬ԭЦֵɫ͵һͣһƥϷһĨ֮ɫ
ĳСӣ͵˵´λһҪÿߺߣ
ðΣݺݻ˻ȭͷҧгֹһЩ㬵ظڱתȥ
ûȥ·ˣܱ˿磬˲ɡ
ԣλʦֿˡˣһˣɶ񣡶Сʦܣ߱ˣΪҪһŮˣֳЦʦָ֪ˡ
µȻûз֣һ·вĿ⿴һУһʱ֪˲֪°͡
ɽϣ˭ָŮӴ磿
ûУ

ϴ뿪ɽǰĸһǼ֮䣬ϫǱ㱻Ųƴ͵һƬС
߰ɣ֪뻤֮սʼʣ²ʮ꣬ǵǰС
ѩĿһɨܣҪųϫڤһȫٸ·ҲڴʱͫȻ΢΢һУһǿпȥ
ˡ
ͬʱһƬǿзһܻһʱ߳Ӱ
Ϊ׵ӰͣܲԵòޱȣȻ̫Ͻʥӣ
ʱϫڤõĮϴδӻĸʱ϶׷ɱĲʹ
ܿ죬ϫעͱߵȥ
ӵߣֱһһŮŮһϮȹʤѩЦٻ⣬Ŀ⣬ҡҷˣͶ֮ɢַ飬ϫʶ
óϫӣһϮ£Ӣᣬ¾Ǳɱ֮Ȼǻ꣡
ڵ弫ٰ۵ϣǻ걻Ϊϣõһѡհ˳ϫС
ֻóϫоɵǣǵãڻŵеʱɱǻ꣬Ϊһֳˣ
ѵǻûгȥ
ܣ
ϫǵɱǻʱõĿսֹ֮촷˶Է꣬ǽԷʬҲ׻ȥһ˿Ŀܣ
Ϊֳˣ
ϸһϫһݣΪǰǻ꾹ӵ˾ܣ
ҹۿϢоԲ֮ף
ô£
Լٶ֮죬ȫڼԪӡԴ֮ǻأ
ѱĨɱֹΪһͻزδҲ̫˼˰ɣ
һɲǼ䣬ϫͷԨĺҲ΢΢
һ˵ʵԶת˲֮ɣӵǻһŮӳ֮󣬱Ŀ뿴˹
û뵽ܹɰ
ӵƤЦⲻЦǻǵӲһɨѩ˳ϫϡ
һɲǼ䣬ĿһĨâӿ֣²Сһǿּˣ
ӣ˵ϴСʦܴӻĸʱĶ֣
ѩźۼص˳ϫڤǰɫȻڣһԹžĵȻӿһĨ
ˣԽԽͿˣЩ¿ǲˡ
ӵ̾Ϣɳƶͳĺ
ŶҪҪҰ䣿
ѩɫȻ֣֮ͷѩ׷޷ԶͬʱһƬǿնĿֲϢȻ
԰ꡣ
ӵ֣˹ҴĻйЩǰǻĸμӻ֮ս
˻һóϫǽԶһ̫ϽҲҪȥμһ֮ս


2092 
ӵ򶨣չֳȫͬ
ǰΪʦĦٵѩɱֹһκ޲óֺѩһս
ɴʱȴȴһγޣ̬ݣٲȻһ˳ᢵģȻΪ
˵ӵҲҪǻһŮһǰǻĸμӻ֮սʱϫڻ׹ΪӵԵˡ
ǵģΪ˲μǻ֮ս
ӵѾԶѩʱ֣ΪһսɲǶ̶ʱֳܹʤģƱػӰ쵽ϫǲμӻ֮սг̡
ֻ֪ǣܹ뻤֮սģԶԻĸеĻһᣬǳϫҲΪͳ۸ӵĹϵԳ巽ܹ뵽һ֮սС
ô̫Ͻأ
ƾʲôܹǰμӻ֮ս
ϫʵһ̫ϽЩһµ䣬֪ڰ˶ٳȷѪ꣬Ҫֵ֮սУЩѰζ
ⱳ˵ʲôı
֮սҪܹʱɱ㣬Ҳûʲôźġ
ѩǿʢһɫհܣӳǿգԼš
һɲǣӵԭĲ΢΢һ䣬ͷϡĻɫ裬ͫǧƣâܡ
ձýѹ֣ԲʮǿУһƬһƬǳססֿɲѹϢ촷ʧ
ʱտʼˣûصĺڶӰǿɲϢֱҪһƬû
ϫڤվѩ󣬹ʶֲֿܲޱȵѹ棬ɵƬǿгֵһĻĻ𡱾ʱɲһ¶
λǿߵһӵзٻǿգʱ֮
Ѱ޵Ǳ֡šУһ˲ͻҷɵ
ϹңԶԹ˲ϾһѻյɽǰȷҪڴ˿̿ս
ӵޱ飬ɱĴһĨĮɱĻȡ
кβɣ
ѩȻ
¡¡
˽̸֮ʣƬǿ绯ΪһƬĲʼҷŤӳֳһĻĻ½Ļ档
һжڱ߸𣬺֮
˫һǿվУңңţ·𶼺޹ء
˭ȳգ
λһսȻǻأɨ˻ĵĿֲһĻ
Ǻǣ㻹ԺѾȫ̫Ͻ̣ԺԺվͽ̫Ͻ֣ʲô⣬ƾ˴ŵλѺٻɽȫ
ӵȻ΢΢һЦ˵һξ˵
ϫһκˣû뵽ԼչصУһϯµĻңѱȵɽ֮ǰò˶ã̫ܵϽ̺Ժִѹ
Ϊʲô
ʦΪβԼЩ
ϫζӳ£֮
ʱȻоֱһסĴһů⣬ۿȥͿڤԼڴﾡǸο֮ɫ
óϫҵƽ١
ĬƬ̣ѩǺȻҲһĨζЦ⣺̫ϽֶιȻȻԺԺƥҲ׳Ƴʵ˲á
ӵüѩķӦЩԾ
ȻһѩѾЦҲҲһ£Ů洹ѾŲɫ磬ɽͣҪʲô⣬˵˭˭Ӯ
һóϫԭʱɻ֪࣬ԭԼɽ׼
ҲǣΪ弫֮һһϸǹھµɽһƽ޶ԣ
ϫղ֮ңҲΪ̫ɽ¡
ϢӵǵһĨЦһ£ðβɽҲ˲𰡣ϧǣԶվǱߡ
˵⣬ȻһĶͷ̾ϢȻԽԽͿˣôˡ
һٶԴԵúĪѩҲüЩⲻ͸
ӣӵʱѾˣٹŪ飬ɱȥʦĦȥ档
ѩȻǧɱΪһʵʵģ¡
һĦ١֣ӵͫȻƱʹһ޷Ĩȥ˰̣ǲϵݶ
ȻЦѩ¸㣬Ժµһ־Ҳֲʱ䣬û־ӡ򣬵Ժؽһգʱ򣬱ֵɽŮ洹ˣ
˵գӵתǻһŮӳԶŲƶȥ
Ҫ뿪
Ҫ֣ھɡ
ԶӵǲɳƵ
ѩһκسĬˣǹ𣬳ϫӿӵ뿪ĵطãǲһ˿
óϫвһǵһμʦģ
ʶʱΪܣϷҪһˣ
ӵɳƵٴκԵ쳣͵⡣
ϻˣ̫ϽһϢĿƽƽ뿪ˡ
һֱĬѩȻһ˿ЦɫǱòȻݡ
̫ϽһϢ
ϫȻһ˵ղǴʦֺ϶֣п̫Ͻ͵Ϯ
˵ز˾뿪
ȳϫعѩһӣųϫڤһȥ

ʦ֣ղžô£
·ϣϫסʵ
㲻ʲôֻϻ˹ǰҫˡ
ѩڵһ̫ϽϢȴǲǻϣЩ֡
ȻѩҲЩ⡣
ʦ֣ǻȷ֣ҵڻŵѽնɱȷ޴ĿܣȴȻֳˣʵһٴﵽ˾ز˵һл᲻̫Ͻйأ
ϫɿ˵
޷ʱֻһƾѪһƻǣһ»ָ
ѩã͵ͫһʶʲôˣ̫Ͻ̵ġ顯֮
һӣɫǱ̧ܻһΪһӰٿȻƿնȥ
һУѩƺƽϫСʦܣǻѾǴǰǻ̫꣬Ͻط飬֮ǣսѷѰɱȡ
˶٣Ҫǣط֮󣬴ѿԽ֮ս֮ɽ뻤֮սԷӳǿܣ
ϫͫһУȻ֮ɽǾĵطǻֿԽ֮ս֪ǲ뵽֮սУӵкεȴƣ
û뵽Ϊһλ֮ս̫ϽϧķѱԴ־֮һ
ѩƬ̣˵Ǳץһʱǻĸˣһλ֮սĿԲͬ


2093 
ǿŲƣǰ󸡹Ӱһš
һ·ѩüͷһԲڳ˼һЩʲô
ϫͬ޷ƽѾԼչصʱУϹҳһࡣ
֡
˻
Ѫȷ磬Ϳ̿Ĳҳ
һΪİٶʱ䣬ңȻûһ˿ͣĺۼ
ʱҲѰһ˿
ֲڵеĶҪôҪôͶڵ弫Ӫ£һЩѰɺ壬ΪеĸƼݣ沨ɼֻվ
һжԭеĸֳױƣγһȫµ֡
ɽŮ洹̫Ͻ̡ԺԺΪ׵ĵ弫ΪһĶٲȻҲԵ弫
֮һϯµĺƽУ弫Ҳ޷⣬òԴ˻Ӧԡ
У̫ϽΪڣ֮һаȻȻȻҲͳΪ˴ͶĶ
ͬЩ˳̫Ͻ̵עܵѪѹѾз̫Ρ
ɽŮ洹ԺԺĴȻҲӻ£˲Ѱӵ̫Ͻ̶ԣҪѷһ
¸֣Ϲطս졢һƬҵһͿѸ̸и֮ˡ
ϫ֮ǰ˽ЩֻҲû뵽ǣһսȻѾҪյɽͷϡ
֮ǰʦѩӵԻϢĵУԺѾ׹˳̫Ͻ̣ްһ𣬿֪ƴεȴ𵴡
ͬʱ⣬ɽŮ洹ҲһӦ̫Ͻ̺Ժ֡
֪Ժһֱڵ弫б̬ȣĵԺǵ弫᧿Σһ
Ϊӵԣ̫Ͻѽָ˵Ժ꣬ԳĥԺԺڵԺеһ־֮
ʱʧȥ־򣬿֪Ժ³ˡ
Ժһ̫ϽƱػתƷâЮԺһɽŮ洹֣
һзȥ±ؽΪ̫Ͻ֮Ǻֱǲ롣
ֻóϫɵǣǿ½һ־ԺҲʮȴܵ
ϫɽ֮ˡԺԺŮ洹̫ϽԺԺģںܾ֮ǰѾϹУǰλе֮ءĸءڡ
ɽ֮⣬λͨϹеģҲǵһ־ˡ
𿴽һ־ӰҲǰΣ
ڵԺе־ȴܴѹҲֻ̫ϽԺԺĲͰ쵽һ
һпƴ۸ӣɳϫȴϹľƶɽŮ洹Ϊ
Ϊһ𣬶̫Ͻǰһ߹˵ܹ̫֮ϽһУռ˼ƣ
£ɽŮ洹ҪӴΪף˵ȥݿ̫Ͻˡ
һƽ֮£ֹһ˵ã
ãϫס̾˿
ƾԼһƽ֮£Ҳȥʲô
ҪıŤתһУֻԼøǿǿԿĵز

Сʦܡ
һֱ˼ѩȻ̧ͷĿ˳ϫ֮ǰǺ϶һɺ𣿡
ϫһͫͽסһУǰǸմɽŲƵһƬǿУӵǾҲ֮ˣȻһɺϾܹ͵ġ
϶ɺϡ
һ·һֱδ˵ڤһҲʶʲôĵؿ˵ϴγϫӻĸʱ·;Ͼܵӵ׷ɱǰĸʱϼһٴγ֣ɺϣǾ̫˵ȥˡ
Ŷ
ѩ˼
ԣϴ뿪ĸʱӦǳеĳй¶뿪Ϣ
ϫҡͷ
Ǳй¶ģ̫Ͻȴܾ׼سǰе·ϣһõļƣǸܹй¶֪ģ
ڤɿ
ϫԣüһ˵ȷЩ
ϡ
ˣѩǹžĵȻȻһĨâСʦܣϿЯʲô쳣֮̫Ͻ̵Ķ
ϫϸ˼Ƭ̣Ȼɫ΢䣬˵һֳöӲӵͭǮȻ̫Ͻ鱦䱦ͭǮ

ѩһӣöͭǮУϸãȻһĨɫ꣬ӿöͭǮС
һɲǣϣö䱦ͭǮͷų貽ɫ꣬һɿֲϢ
ûʲô쳣
ѩüͷһ壬𽥼Ӵö䱦ͭǮɫâɣҪۻļ
䣡
ҲһɲǣһƻɬϢٿȻһöͭǮ״ӿͷųƣóϫڤһ׹ߣһԿܵļ¶
Բ䱦ͭǮϢ
أ
ѩһͽһƻɬϢסָ͵һ߬һɢǿɲѩӰҲҡһ¡
Ȼ̫ϽϢֲ϶ܹʱ
ѩٴϸö䱦ͭǮãûʲô쳣֮ųһ
˻ϫУȴɫ΢΢Щѿ뿪ʱ䱦ͭǮһֱϣĻ뵽ⱦо̫Ͻźۼֽţ
һ뵽ԼЩټп̫ܶϽһؿУϫоͲһ¡
͵ץö䱦ͭǮݺݶ˳ȥʧããǿС
Ҳá
ѩЦŵ˵ͷ

һƬҳС
ããһƬɫ֮⣬һ˼ϢϢ
ѩĨɱһƴ䱦ͭǮͷųĻɬϢ֮һƬɫУȻһס
һڹϴ䣬Ϊһΰ֮Ӱһʵʵܣ֣˸Ϳݡ
ȼ磬һϣ
ڲŷ𣬿Щˡ
һⲽԶĻɫȥһңʱղ裬ڴеס
Ƭ̺һΰӰٿȻ㡣
ԶǻҝУһӰϥӰӰݡͰƽƽ棬ԶԶһһ޷Խĸ߷壬СޱȵľηС
̫Ͻմݹ٣Ī뵽ɱĳ˵ķ
һƽӰһֱպϵӣһɲһƬԻͲȻ쳹


2094 Ȼ
󣬳ҡ
һӰֶڤڤ
һӰϥأͰƽ棬ȴӵΡ֮Ϣ
ǰߣ̫Ͻ
ߣǵԺԺ
λɶǿͨϵľ뢣ڹŽв֪¶ٴĴ
ƥ֪־֮Ҳ޷Ӱ죬ֺαڴʱ̸
̫Ͻ̵翡ͳһ˿鲨ϡ
ʱɱĳˣԺٲ֮ء
ȻһЦƽƽϹžֻǿϧ»Ѱ쵽һ

˽̸ʱһΪӰƵϣȴֻܱŽһĹ𻨡
ƻȻûעһУԹ˵ߣѡͼһ֣ʮ֮ڰ쵽һֻĳƶϣͬðգϾɽŮ洹ڻ񡣡
̫Ͻһֱţδϣֱ˵꣬ŵĮ˵Ĳ
ǷһĨ޵ĳ˴θòΪ̸ɣ
̫ϽⲽǰһУ緱ܵǿѭصĹ⡣
Ĭã̫ϽſڵЩϼһУƥƽӹҲ̣ƫƫȴܹȵزʵñ⡣
ЦЦɿ佱
ڴʱ̫ϽȻĪΪ˴ο԰Ȼ
Լָһʱ䡣
һת˲ţļעͽͰˡ
̫ϽĮһλ
ת˲֮䣬γת
ЦЦ
ˡ
̫ϽⲽңԶɫ񷣬֮սֻҪһеıĨɱ
Դƽڳһʵ
Ŷ
Цԡ
ĪɽЩһһΪϣһһСһϣͿֹһз
̫ϽȻ
δἰǸСһ˭ȴһ׹סȻʧЦ˻
̫Ͻ䣬һ컯ĮƥĪΪһֱδעӣ
˵̫ϽǶˣӴӵһ̿ʼһжһؿС
Ͼֻһ˻˺ͼڤ¼аʣҲֻһ˿Դĩ֮ŶһɴԹ
Ҳ֪ģֻǵͷϫСһȷܲ
̫ϽԴ˾ΪȻظпȻܲӵһ̾ӵһѱΪһֵĺͼƬϻԵɲ˭ܹӵеġ
һɲͫײһ£Ȼ㵱֪һУΪβһУ
̫ϽҡͷĻʵȤĺܡ
ȻЦҿͼıɡ
̫ϽԴ˲ÿɷ񣬵Į֮ܶȻò˶ãҲֻᱻϳĨˣͳʧˣô
ĬƬ̣ǰΪ˺˵Щ
̫Ͻҡͷֻ㣬˳üǵȵĸ߳ʱһпɾˡ
·ûеĺ壬ЦЦǾ͵ȵĸ߳ʱ˵
̫Ͻã̾ϢȻڤ粻
˵գתȥ
š
ԶȻڡ
ˣ
̫Ͻ㣬δͷ
ֻǸ㣬ƽӹ֮ҲܱһµĹڡ
Цصʮ
̫ϽԭسĬǶԴ˲κŭͷ
ã̾˿о˵įȻЩһﶷô꣬ʱܹ˼ģȴǲһˣʵ̾
ڤڤʧ
һϵЦȥüͷò૵ѵ϶ĳıɣ


룬ӵΡߴķ֮ɽ˳ϫҰС
ɽبĹϡضϣӯ龴ηϢ
ֻǺͬķ֮ɽ棬ӿһɹɷͣĻɫơ
ЩŨʱ˸һ˵ĵ⣬ڷ֮ɽ£ӳĵٽ֮Դͷ
һµ䣬òǴİɣ
ϫһĻʱͫһܹܵ족𶯣񱩵ĺڷ֮ɽ²ڡ
һɲʶеĺͼƬҲհ㣬ֳһɬϫȫ¸ǡ
Ӧˡ
ѩԶǷ֮ɽã˵֮أȻҲ䱬֮Դͷ
ô˵ܹǷ֮ɽпһ˵Ϳҵ䱬ԭˣ
ϫ˼
òҪȥ
ѩü̫֮ɲðȻбȻ
ϫȻò˶ãǻ֮սͻڷ֮ɽϿʱȥҲȥ
ѩһ˵֮սʱǷ֮ɽϵͬɡ
˵ţǼǰŲƷɳ۶ȥûãͿǾ޴ޱǿеĻĸ
ಡ
һγϫؼһƣΪһ뵽ǻĸһʱʧ
ϴ뿪ʱֻ̫ͣ˳ͨڵġ硱С
ܿ죬ʱڸĻɫȻȥ¶
ߣ
ѩһӣųϫڤٿȻ뵽ʱУʧ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫԭڵƬһ󲨶ӳֳӵǻһŮӵӰ
ȻǰСսˡ
ӵǻǵﷺһĨâӰһҲǴǻǲŮӳ뵽˻ĸһʱС

ձŨĻ֮ؼ䡣
һεִУϫоѾǺʹǰȫͬжһ˿ڴ
ڴܹıԴ̬ȣڴһκ͸ĸط꣡
ҪǣֻҪܹλ֮սȫˣͳ̫ԼͿԴŸĸ뿪ˡ
ȻǴͳϫСѡ
һˬʴЦӼԶط𣬳̫Ӱƾն֡
ϫѩʱϵЦҲڸǲסƺοϫܹԼ
ߣ롣
˴˼֮󣬳̫ǴųϫǳԶŲƶȥ
·ϣ̫ǰ಻ס˵йػ֮սһж׼ϷѴ˴β뻤֮սóλһһĿȻúһսˡ


2095 
ĸ
ݻ硣
һƬڻһϵȲϵء
ˡ
ϣһɫ뵣ճһԾӰһ֣ѹ񷣬Ҫʱհ㡣
˱ǵ峤һλӵͨΪǿڡ˾
ɫӨ󣬷ƲȻ棬˫УľǷڻ棬ֱҪٻ񷡣
һ̣˾ϣԶһƬǿգƬǿһƬ٣ǳ𣬱纣һƬһƬ֮ǿա
Ƭ̣˾ڣʱˣ
Խ֮쳹ǿķ
ãһƬţӦ
˾üͷһ壬һƵ˷ȼյգһơ
һλ֮ս˵ʱҪٱչѰԲ֮һλ֮սѼ٣Īʱ
˾ٴγڡ
ֱãӦ
˾һߣЩŭβ˵ϣֻҪ뵽˴λ֮սУɴ˳λһ̳˵ʸ񣡡
˻δ£һƬƵǿжȻһЦһͷ̫޳ºĵһ¡¡죬ʮ
һƬǿٿȻһſ費ǻһ𽥹ճһӴޱȵӰ
Ӱʵ̫Ӵ󣬸ǿգǧǳһͨ»磬âֱ֣һǿջɽиչ
ϵĻ治ڣޱȲóʢһУǸǿյӴҲǲϱС
գΪһһɶߣͨ帲ǳɫף߳һλΰӣ
෢ɫϸ⻬˫Ԩüӡһɽͼڴ࣬ǣһ°˻ģȼµĿ֮
һۿԺоͲ񣡻֮֮ȵʻ㡣
ӳ֣һƬǿΪһƬҽյһƬ
ˣ˿
һλ֮еĿϲеһλɫʵ
ǸĸϵȲеǿҲһһҫ
˿Զ˾ﲻѵطһĨԴȵ֮ɫпֱǿˣ治֪оﵽ˺εȵزҲ̫ࡣ
ߣĪϻһ˳λһ̳˵ԶԶҳزս
˿ߣԵϲ죬һλĵҲԵú
˾Ƥƺδ˴λ֮սبδУشƾ֮ܣԴоȡһϻԵʱɾ͵֮Ҳ練֮¡
˿ɫ΢䣬ƻ벻飬ֱԵ˵
˾ʱЦһ૵㻹ҲգһʼȨȥɣ
˵ţһһ߳ͨڣԼĪָϸ罹ľľȸ֣ٿȻΪһߣ˿
䣡
˿һùָԭò۵ڻȱ涸ȻһɹϲãϢһܻ࣬ʮ
һɲǣ˿һʼµôã
˾ˣЦڣɴӦ˴λ֮սˣ
˿ǷһĨЦݣȻͳ˴οɲսˣ
˾Ԥϵһʣ˼ͳȥӦ´¡
ͳ裬һλϲеķԳʱ㱻ϹǹѡΪ̳ˣʱѿϲеľһˣ
֪ϣͬҲǻһϵȲ֮һͳܹȾһ֮λ֪ʵǿ
˲õ˾ܲˡ
ⲻ£һķӾȻҲӦˣ
˿ڣգͻͲɱӣҲãһڣ̫ġ
ʱ˾Ȼֹͳ裬ڤϵıڤ׺ϵԨϵССѾս
һ֣˿ðβ͵쳤Цã
һ֣һɰӰ˻̣֮𵴾ʮأ
˿ս⣬˾ҲΪοﻹһеȲµȲһЩҪҪĿ
ߣЩĲʲô񣬲һЩ߹Ҳգ
˿¶мЦܾ
Ҳã˴βսȴӦȥɱһˡ
˾䣬˿
˭
˿ü
ϫ
˾ɫĮ³һ֡

ϲ塣
ȾѪŵ˵ϲһأרŹӵСϹǹеͳһá
˿̣ͳһ˿زһѪɫǹˮһĨĵĳ硣
ڶԴԼ۰ú㡣
ͳһϮ£Ҳһ·ˣi֮ͦ
һƬɽˮ֮飬˳ȾȻ˫
ָȶ޳񣬿һ˳ǹȴԵôѪȡ
ǹһĴ磬ۣǹ٣ȾѪҺĥ¶ɣǹ֮һĨްĿѪɫһֻѪͫ㣬ҪѪ
ǡϹǹһʼڻ籾ԴɱǿеȾѪɱ
ǹһΪ֪֡Ѫ񷡱
һˣһǹһƬ֮ء
ͳϰһɱ¾һһ˲ǹ֮Ѫӡ
УҲ׷ġ
֮⣬κһжĮġ
Ȼ죬ͳȴòȺΪѾӦҪμһڲĻĻ֮ս
ϣ̫ʧɡ
ͳӡѪ𡱵Ŀ⣬һ
ʱһŲԶͳʼеġѪ𡱡
裬Ѿȷˣ峤ҪսʱɱıǴˡ
һϲִͬһλɵרĲѪͳʱɫвֵһĨĵľη;н
Уһᡣ
ͳͷҲأһȴܵٻ㣬ƾն৵һ򿪡
ϱֻдһй֡еȲϺϫ
ܹԿͳüͷ壬Щ⣬ղδ˵ʲô
裬ϫеȲ壬ȴһ࣬˴βֹϣĴϵȲĲսߣҲͬһֶԸˡ
һ䣬Ψ־ŵԷ
֪ˡ
ͳڵ̸ʼڣһֱδԼĿӷѪŲƿ
ѵͲ֣ΪҪԸһеȲĺ᣿
ţȴǲٶͳ˹֣Ȼתȥ
ͳ裬һרԼ磬һдӲĵĿ
ͬԳϫ˭ΪλᱻϵȲһͬҲġ


2096 ս
硣
ƹ󣬴˵ǳ̫Ǳ֮ء
ӵϫһ֮󣬳̫ûоκˣֱӴ
ϫǷֱ̫óһˮĹ׵˰С
ˡ
һ͵εɫӹȾܻһ档
һƬĺããˮģΨֻһӰں֮ϡ
һͷ˳ɫü沿Ƶ丫̰㣬һͫӳ죬Ŀ¡
ããϣСۣɵȥʱȴоǻе񷶼׺ӰΪҫ۵һĨ⡣
ϵȲ山ڤϵıڤ׺ǰѳӵ洫׺֮顯ԴԴΪṩ޷սϳѹ޷ܣͬҲǴ˴β뻤֮սǿ֮һ
̫忪ڽһ䡣
ڤϵĴеȷСӷȻ̤Ʊϣٵ֮ţȷǾеĳȻ
ѩڵһ䡣
óϫЩȻһϾܿôණд˿ɼѩǺεȾˡ
ڤ׺ֵǴ硣
ϫһʲôӦڽνԷݼס
˿Σա
ڤһͻȻϫ
ǰɡ
ϫʼ磬ΪƽʵĻ᲻ϵȲ山ڤϵһ֣ĿܻѰ֮ˡ
ˡ
תȻһ䣬ֳһ۾ɽ壬ɽ֮ϣһֱ¸
ɽ֮ߣһСӰ°֮ϣ񷡣
һϮλƵɫѣһͷںڳ̳һӣʣ¶һɡ񾲡аס
һӣɾһˮɵӳ̬
һκһۿͽס۰Ů˽Са
Уȴһκ˶ĺľ޴䵶
䵶Ҫͨ帲һٵԣһϲߢ£ء財ű˵ķâ
СаŮһϮλƵĹɫѣӭɽۣͷԲ£ձ޴䵶
һΪĵĻ棬һĻʱѩȻ֮֡СѾͷ
ϫȻʦϵ
ѩЦζѾͷССϵȲϵĺᣬͬҲʦһĵϵ㣬ʦֵֶŮ
˵⣬ѩȻСѾͷǺ˲𣬵죬޼ɣ巴ԣ˽ӳĸǰɽҪʦУջǱʦߣ԰ͻ˼ҡֻû뵽ӵʵʵЩ⡣
һУϫŻȻԭССʦֵֶŮǰҲԼˣ
ʱһĳ̫ҲΪƽȻҲСССѾͷΪӳ壬ϧֳĶʮλǿߡ
Ҫ֪ʱССŽӵ۷徳Ϊǣ
ս죿
ҲһУĸлȫ֪СС֣Ҳ֪ƴаĽСŮʵӵżΪֲǿս
ֻó̫û뵽ǣССִӳ壬Ϊǰɽ׷С
δЩ뾭ѵζˡ
֪Ϊв˷뿪壬ǰɽʦ£ѾǴŭеҲֱɽеλߣڵһִ˶Դ̬ȡ
ⲢζžͳԭеΪ
ССȴͬЧΪ֪䶯ŭ
ҲܺýΪγ̫˽⵽µԭί忴ССоҲһּҳ󲻿оɡ
ˡ
еĹתٴֳһ
һһѩɽӣһͷݿޣֱŮҲȻʧɫ
һƬսУͷܲ˸ºʬҰѪƯ֣һɺѪͼսڷ죬ӳĵиһѪζ
˭
ϫ΢С
ϵȲϵĺԨΨһһܹ̳桮Ѫս²ĸ⺷սǿͣս˲á
̫ЩпϵȲĵ̣ҲֻϵȲ
ǳ壬ȻǳµԪҲɳǽܳҫۣǺԨССڤ׺һȣҪԵѷɫ١
̫ҵǣ˴λ֮սУгϫǳҲԺԨһ¡
ϳйŷ磬ս޲սӵѪɱ֮ǿԨҪܹزгһպпܳԽ桮Ѫս
ѩȻһ¡
ԣϫһڱһѵõѪѾܾûйָоΪЩУѾͬȾѰٵһƶֵĴڡ
£Ǳڤ׺ССԨԶǿѵõľڡ
ǵĳ֣Ҳõóϫڸܵһδйս⡣
ٴֱ֣ӳֳϵȲϺ˿ϵȲϺͳӰ
˿ѩֻаۡ¶ç
ҲǴѩгϫ˽⵽ԭʱɱ͢ʦ̫Ͻ̣ʵҲϲС
óϫ͵ӵǻŮǰҲҪ֮ǻŮӲ뵽һ֮սУ
ͳۣѩسƬ̣һ;֡
ѩҡҡͷ̾ϢʳڵҲɱ
ϫѩۣ̲סʵΪΣ
ѩȻ֮һν֮дֲ󣬱һ֮桮ۡ£޿âҲɱ
ϫ˽һУвȻԽȿ֮ӵеԽǿɲͳҲδߴһ;ɼ츳ǺεȾ
ȶ֣Ҳպͼ֣
ˣĸϵȲĲսһĿȻֱͳ衢˿ڤ׺ССԨ
ˣŻĸo⣬ҲǿλҲһ뵽˴λ֮սУóϫҲеһ˿ѹòԴ
ʱֹ̧̫סһŲϱõĹԥãȴֹһ岻ģ
ַ̬ʱ˳ϫע⡣


2097 
̫ǳ棬һλõͨǿߣܹԥݵģ֪ȻѰ֮ˡ
ѩ˳̫һۣĪʲô֮
̫Ȼһ̾һʵϷõϢ˴λ֮սϣϵȲλսǿ߽ԶѽϫС󡣡
ѩüëһ
һֱĬڤüʲô
ǳ̫û˵Ϣʵ̫ˣǿλ֮ߵǿߣ
ÿһoеϲԳǽԶìͷָϫһˣѲô򵥣ҪĨɱ˳ϫ
ϫУȴǳĬԡ
Ѿڳ̫ãںʱ˵ҲʲôֱԵϷ֪ԳϫСѺܲƽˣϷҲȥıʲô
˵⣬ɫЩǳϫСѲԸμӣڻͷϷõԪսЩҲᷴˡ
ѩǵ֪ⱳ󾿾˭ָʹģ
̫üͷɫЩҲϷɻģϫСѵݣҲӦûһµŶԡ
᲻̫Ͻ̣
ϫȻڡ
̫Ͻ̿ûô͡
ѩ˼˵һк̫Ͻûйϵȴȫܡ
˻ν⣿
̫Ȼ
һлԴСʦ̫ܵ⣬ǼԪӦߣͼԵԣһ
ѩҲԼƲ˵˳֪ݶζʲô
̫ͫ΢΢һһĨâò̾ϢϷʵףֻδ뵽˲˶ʼϲӰ졣
һĳϫסΪʲô
û
壬ػǷ֮ɽ򣬶ԣԪӦߣһˣſΥϣƻǱΣա
̫һ㣬һشڣЩףϾԣϴڵʵ̫ˡ
ֵͬ䣬ֳبδ֮ƽ֮ټ̫ϽڰƲĻϵȲ彫ҲͲˡ
һ˵֮󣬳ϫųףԭΪԼӦߵݣŵһв
ʵϫԼһҲ⣬ػģȻ⡰족Ϻ
Լӵкͼֻ֮Դ֮ģԡ족ԣɵһȶˡ
£Ҫ뵽һ֮սУ벻ܱ˵Զѡ
֮սϿ֪һսΪ˺족֮
ϫȥһսԾԵúˡ
Ȼһû̫ϽڱƲҲϵȲһµľˡ
Ͼϫ⣬ҲһӦ߰ˣУɲֹһϫĴڡ
񵱽ɽ֮ˣҲˣ
ç֮γҲˣ

ϫϣ
̫ʵ
ѾӦ飬ҿɲηܲǰ
ϫڵΪ׼ֹΪ˳ҲֹΪ˳ӻظĸΪ̽Ѱһйء족ܡ
㡭ȷ
̫ЩЩ̡
ȷ
ϫЦЦоǼᶨ֮ɫ
ã
̫һĴȣһڿİˡ
óϫսҲ˲ѹѵͲĳΪʸ֮ģĵжԣ
ѩ˼
̫ȻһЦֵϷ׼ƽٵͷĪ⣬ٲƴһƴԺʲôˡ
˶٣ں٣һ֮սĻʱȥҲ١
ѩԣЦͷԣ˴䣬بδУһƽپһʲôʽĻ˭Ҳ˵׼
ԼľõѩϿɣ̫岻һЦǰһܻ֮Σ壬ͬҲӭبδ֮һɳ죡ƴһƴϷģ
˵ϫʱ̫ܵѹȻһĴˡ
Ϊֱڶģ
ΪעĵľһȷĻһʧܣ֪εء
̫˾ϣ֪ܵѹ֮оֱҲǡ족ˣ

ֻ̫һŹ򣬿ʼӳֳĲһ֮սǿ
֮ǰϵȲǿߣʣµЩнԶеȡµȲеľǿߡ
УеȲսǿʮλҲϫ
µȲĿģҲǻһִڣǲսǿʮλһɫľڡ
ȻͬΪеȲµȲսǿĿϵȲʮֹֻҪԴһЩףЩеȺµȲеľǿߣЩϵȲǿ߶ԣͲһĴڡ
ˣϫǽЩֶһһμǣ׼СκˣΪÿһİֱ󣬶һֲȷķա
Ȼʺã˭ҲԣЩµȲлһˡ
οеȺµȲ壬Щǿ߿ɶoӵе̣֮ϹеѰҪǿ
ϸ˵ǵֻϵȲľǿ߶ԣ

֮󣬱ǻ֮ս֮ա
ʱ̫ųϫǰǷ֮ɽ뵽һ֮С
ڡ֮սҪνУĻʲôָδӲпᾺжȡԼϻԵ̫岢δֻིǸ߳ϫԼȥһ丸׳֪𰸡
ϾתǰĳҲһλ֮սķ
һ̸ϫڳ̫ͬ£ǰݼĸ
ѩڤƹȻûʸμӻ֮սҲȥųϫ͸ĸıĻᣬҲֻ

ٰѳϫȥͳ򸾼֮󣬳̫岢δƹ󣬶һƬڳĽС
ϫѾӦˣϻõ˴Ͽɣ֮ڿʼѾ·
̫һƬؾУããؼ䣬ڡ
֣һʧܣǳ㽫ٲ֮أҪִˣ
һ׵¡¡쳹ؼ䡣
ͬʱҲ֮𣬻ǱͬǱﵣǣһ㡣
λضԣڵʱǳϿǼϣϵȲģЭˣֹʧȥҳһ겻ûҲϣͬٷڶΣ
һ̵ĳ̫壬ɫ죬չ¶һλڵǿӲ͹
һʱ֮䣬ؽԼţһ
ˣ̫תȥ
ǰʲôһĨɱһλ֮սĻʱϫܹȻأֻһ£һʱ˳̫˽̫ͨϽ̣֪ڸĵͽ


2098 Դ
ѩװع
򰾢£ѩǰϱȲ裬죬뵡
빶棬ϫڽԼЩľ渵Լ࣬ɳȴú档
ֱϫ˵꣬Ȼһ̾䣬һبδ֮ƽ٣£ѿʥݽݡ
ѩһۣʲôʱˣ̾
Ȼſʼ˵£Ѿ̫˵ˣһλ֮սԶͬϵȲ̫Ͻ̼ȻѴһ£Ҫ㶯֣ȻȫԸ׽նɱڷ֮ɽϡ
˵꣬ѩѽסǵˣܲμ𣿡
첻ԣĿȴǿ˳ϫ
ϫЦѾˣء
ѩסһǣȴû˵ʲôվӵԼ׷־ԲԤֻһ뵽һ֮սգܲϫˡ
һ˼⣬ʵҲû̫ˣ⻤֮սĿɲΪûһɱ
ϫɫʱ棬֪Ҫ˵ĶԼ뻤֮սҪ
֮սػȻ˽Ϊϣ޿ɺȴһЩҲǻƻش
¶һĨ׷֮ɫ˵˵⻤֮սĿģʵǰȥݻЩ
ϵȲ̫Ͻ̵ǿ߲뵽һ֮սУҲȻҪȥЩ顣
⣬ϫ̲סףЩʲô
Ҳ򡣡
ǷһĨ޵ĳŪֻЩǵе֮
ǣɲǰʥ
֮ԭһһֹͬҲź뻵𡣡
Щʹ򡮻һ棬ڷ֮ɽϵġԴУ
򵥵˵԰ǡԴеаһ棬һǡ
ڡԴе㱻ˣǺĸеĻһӵ̣ƿаط֮ǿ֮ȫڻ֮¡
ЩˣֱͽȻǻǵĳƺǿԳơ֮ʥᡯģʥ᣿ǲǺܿЦ
˵⣬ЦⰻȻȴһ˵ļζ
ϫЦһ֮ҲⷺһЩԾ
ճԣػֳӪ
һӪǻ壬ܾڻĸУӵ̣ԺΪʹ
һӪڼΪ֮ʥġͽܾڵԴУаǵһ档
Ӫʱһֱڣ˴˶ţˮ𣬴بѲ֪ٳս
Ӫ֮ĶԾ񣬾ͱÿſһεġ֮ս
óϫʵ޷ǣ⡰ͽ֮ǿǻȻڡ塱кš
ȫŵӪȴԶһ£ڰ͹֮㣬ǡ족Ŀ

ͣƬ̣ȷжԣ뻤֮սĿģȥЩͽᣬܹúֶصĻܹԼһЩ
ϫ˼ص˵ͷ
üΪֻоܲ뵽һԾУ
ڵȥȾѿʼˣӵ֮һУɣϾǿǷ֮ɽǾĵط
˶٣ͬС޵Ҳṳ̂УǷ֮ɽɲ˭ܻġ
ϫ˿ͽһҲͬɳ൱ھȲεǿˣ
˵ͷҡͷ֮ս򣬱λǵԴУͽĴӪҪٵĶֿɾԲˡ
ϫʱһ˵Ļһ֮սɾˡ
ҲˣҪȡһ̤ĿԵɲô׵ģҲ뻤֮սʱλɱԴУܹŻսزģҲʮ˰ˡ
óϫʶ⻤֮սĲпգһʱҲǸеЩء
η壬һֶΣյľ衣
ʱ򣬳Ȼ̾˿ף˴βμӻ֮ս㲻ֹҪϵȲ̫ϽеĵӣҪСĲɥڵԴУҪǣ⣬»ҪСĺ;в
һ˵õһѩ΢΢ɫ䣬еĵ֮ɫŨ
ǺǣЩеȡµȲеĲսУҲвٻжҲŶԡ
ϫȻЦЦԨĺﾡԽԽڴˣҲµ̫࣬µ˲ǿǿɾ̫ˡ
˵Ѵһ֮
óһãҳ֣裬Ĳη㹻ˣ
ϫ΢΢һЦ
ԱߵѩԸģʱһͻȻЩڵóϫμ⻤֮սˡ
ָϫһЩйػ֮սм֮£Լ뻤֮սʱ۵һЩ͸
Ҳ̫ԣҪ˽⻤֮սõһѡ
һ̸ҲóϫջĶࡣ
쿪ʼϫ˸ĸߣ֮࣬Ҳ͸ĸһ죬úƽ
֪ȥ
ƽǰõĳ̫ƣΪ֮սʱѾȻˡ

Ǳĸϫͳ̫һ𷵻ƹ󣬺ʹʦѩڤһ֮󣬵̤;
˴ǰ֮ɽμӻ֮սʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ϳսˡ
ʱ䣬ѩڤǵȴ𣬹ʶҪȴϫȻʱһ뿪
ৣ
̫ųϫһ⣬ٿȻʧڳУǻĸ
ϫٴοһ룬֪жߵķ֮ɽ
ء
һãĵبǰսģԶķ֮ɽɢ쳹Ƭ꼤Ѫš
֪ʱǷ֮ɽϵľһ䣬財ʢҫۡɫ֮ɽǣϫ
һȥ֮Ŀݣһַǿ𺳡
ǵȷڡ족ֻǰ翣޷ȡ
Ȼֻڡ족һСǵȺԻ͵ĳҲ𺧾ηˡ
ġϲ֮
άϵת
ǳϫһĻʱҲһԼԴ֮пڡԴ硱


2099 ʮ
ĬƬ̣̫ųϫֱԶķ֮ɽȥ
ԽǿܵԷ֮ɽɲĻϡ
г̫ȵڴţϫɸܵһĪѹ΢΢ɬ
ֱһѹɲ·ܽ͸Ϣ
ϫòתΪŻһɿֲ֮Ƿ֮ɽʱĿѴһĨɵ
ûã˵ִ֮ɽ£һƬ財УͿʵ
̫彫һƵݸϫȻָǰֻ輤еɽ̤Уȥ֮еʹټ㣬ʱһʹ˰žˡ
ϫ˿ƣֻɫƱ׭һپĹϳ֡
̫ϫмһСģĪҪ̰ð
ϫ˵ͷͽһӿУ˵һԶУٿȻһһֱĽɫᴩڳϫ¡
ǰǡ
ϫһ̫幰˹֣̤һ磬ת˲Ӱʧ
ڴһˣСһһҪŻ
̫ԭãתȥ
˴λ֮ս˲սǿ֮⣬Ƕ޷֮ɽһġ

ͷһƬտɽ꣬Զ
ڰ֮ϣгľһء財ɲ㣬ǽ֯ͷų˼Ĥݵ֮
ɢһϢóϫһ罣ֺļΣոУһëȻ
ȫػɣɶݸ߿գͼŲʱգǼֱ͸ûʲô
˿̣ɽһ࣬ͣһҰɫԼĪʮɳͨ󣬱渲һ㷱ơ
ڱ֮ǰһӰһɫ𪣬ɫĮꡣ
ৣ
ϫӰ֣ȻתĿһ磬ʱգڳϫϡ
һɲǣϫҰֻܿһƬҹ⣬ް磬ƾһС֮⣬̼ѪҺ綳ᡣ
ͼȻתֳһƻɬĲӹϫǣһʱʧ
ϫҰָͿǺջĿ⣬һݵƽ档
ɳϫȴԼղԼܵĳԶꡣ
û´֮ɽϵһλͣ
ŷ֮ɽӻеʱʮλϣΪģԱΪۣ֮ɽϡ
ʮλ㱻Ϊʮ͡ÿһλӵͨǵ֮ܣǿ֮
ǻĸеĴǣ⡰ʮ͡ǰҲκβ
Ϊʮ͡ǺͻĸಿͬһĴڣ
ǺȻǡʮ֮͡һˡ
ϴ
ϫִ괽³֣ûκζ·Ѻʲôܹע⡣
ϫˣҲɣֱһҰɫ
бж죬ռĴ󣬵ϫִʱͿѾʮС
ϫһɨϢϾͿԿǶͳϫһҪ뵽һλ֮սľǿߡ
вûϵȲЩˣȻʮӦеȺµȲС
ϫӰʱĿͬʱϣ̽ѯֹ۲죬ҲƺʾһĿһɱ
ϫ΢΢üȥǱһǵӰһ䣬ɫ͸̵ͫӡ
òƽƽע⵽һ˫ͫͬΟ֮Ȼǹͫ
ϫƺЩ⣬ǹһĨͻȣųϫһն׵ơ
ϫһУӴɲ£ǱͫӵһϢΣϫ˲Ϣ졣
˾۷徳ΪϢɬȴһľ۷ҪǿһЩһнԶǵ̣Ҳѹư
ϫһ﾿˭Ҳ޷µһΪθһͶԼ¶εɱ⡣
ӱϫĿⶢţȻоȫ类һһëȻʱУʲô
ϫȻû뵽һ˳ס˵һ̫ȻûԼС
һ֣ڳϫԵúܴҡҡͷֱһطϥ£ʼնٿԷһۡ
ֻУϫѾ̣Ͼͽʼ֮սϫԼĴжôպ⣬ԲǰǰĴ
֮һ̿ʼκζĶ֣ΪɱϵĶ


2100 
ϫԲ£Ǳͫ㲻м㵨Ҳμӻ֮ս
һõóϫ۵ɱĿɨӹȥһ±һϵľ۷ǿҲûʲôµġ
ۼͻһ𱦴͵ҡһ£㴫Ǻӵһߡ
䣡
ϫֻ˫ⴸԴ˵һ裬ܵĲѪ
ǱͫӸǲһڣһͳƺߣͫһţһСİ
ԭԹһе˽Զһɫзһ˿ɵ
Ҫڶھ뿪
ӵ͸һĮȻһѹϣ˻һ𱦴ѻȸš
ϫճĬԣ˽⵽֮ɽϵġʮ͡ƫ̻κһ壬֮ɽϣһԺΪΣһλ֮սУϫҲصġʮ͡ᰵж
Ǳͫһ˳ϫһۣԼǱɱ
ջĿ⣬һƬ̵ԣ֣һ˿
ڳϫֱߣϥһĵŮӣһϮװ٣Ըǻ֮ŨŨѪɱȴʱΧˣܲǡ
ʱŮˮͫգգ˳ϫƬ̣ȻûпеȲϵĳϫɣ
ŮӵĿڳϫѲҲˢˢȫЩ΢
ĸеϵȲеȲʮҲΪˣеȲеȴܿ
ֻһԳľԲô΢ķӦ
ؼ˽гϫ
˴ܹ뻤֮սľԶԻĸеĶ
ǰչ֮ǰҲͳϫһо˴β뵽֮սеǿ
ϫвڣԳƵر
Ϊĸĸ嶼֪ϫǳĺᣬһλԪӦߣ
ԪӦߣһһ޶
ⶼص㣬صйϵȲԳϫľߣڻĸѲܡ
һ뵽һеȲϵļһȻǵϵȲһȾߣоͲЩ֮С
˷ӦУϫ͵ʱףԼѲܣйԼһУҲѱȻġ
ϫƳĻŮһۣ̬ʼ磺
ҽӰܽеȲӰϡ
ŮԵΪ󷽣ҽһ˵˵սǿѽֻɱҪһЩ
ϫӰܽŮһۣлѡ
Ӱܽ΢΢һЦԸеĺ촽һĨҰԱĻȣϫϱһ
ղǼһеȲϣвҰ֪ϺϵĹϵһֱܲ
ϫŶһȴһת֪ͬղλʹ˵
ϫתƻ⣬δעҰӰܽЩ⣬ЦŴλǵߵʹˣƺš
ԭ
ϫȻҲ˽ʮͲ䣬֣ߵ֮͡һϢȴ޿ɵ֪ѩ̫Ҳֻ֪ˣ֪¡
ʱ򣬰𱦴ٴνһЩӰԶӵžΪȻͳϫһǲμӴ˴λ֮սǿߡ
ûãҲǵߵ˰𱦴С
ಣ
ߵ͸һִ𱦴ٿȻΪһ貵Ľâ߿гȥ
ɸ߿֮ϣܲŷܶɲ㸲ǣ˭ҲŲƷɶˡ
Ȼʱⰵ𱦴ڵߵ͵£ȴǳȥ֮δܵκ谭ֱͬˮ硣
óϫ˼û´ⰵ𱦴Ȼ˵о̺ĳ
ڵߵͽ밵𱦴֮˶̸ֹͣΣߵ͵ĿнԶһĨηͼɵ
һϮۣѰɽѹȶµϢо

֪ʱ𣬺ͼȻתӿһƻɬڣ·ʲô˵ڷĳֲ̽
ϫѼֲ֣һ¡
˴β뻤֮սǿУϵȲеȲʮµȲʮ˸ƾʮˡ
ʮλսǿڽ֮ɽʱԶɢֳʮÿһԶһλʹţ˵սǽ֮ɽܡ
ʱÿһĲս߻ʮ͵ָ£֮ɽջʮصн롰Դ
ʱϫǱǰԴ·;Уǳ𱦴õóϫ޷ŵڷ֮ɽڲ
ⲻò˵һССźϫ֮ܿԺ󣬿ʼ˼˴λ֮սж
һҰ𱦴ϵĲսǿ߹ʮˣԻĸڵеȲ壬ȻϫӰܽǸҰ
ʣʮһµȲ塣
ϢϹ۲죬ϫδʲôرΣյļһӰܽҰѾٮٮߡ
ֻǴϢϹ۲쵽ĽֻܵƲ⣬ܵʵ˵ĳЩǿΪĳĿĹʩչطڵһʵ
ˣϫЩԲ׼һ̩Ϳ࣬ݸ㣬ɽһзѩһɫԲ԰׵ľŮӡ
˷ֱԡ̩ϡ͡ϡеȲУϢƺûʲô𣬿ȴϫһ׽ζõҲһЩ
Σһ֧ɵߵĶУûϵȲǿߣóϫЩңҲЩϧ
ҵǣʱغ͵ı棬ϧǴһܹƽദĻᣬ´μʱȻսϣĳɱУ
ʱڷɶеİ𱦴͵һ£ٿȻֹͣ
ˡ
һ·һֱĬԵĵߵ;ӳѹޱɨһۣ㾶ֱȥ
ϫһʮ˽
һƬѪɫӳҰУؽȾѪʣãһƬ͸һɼȱ׳Ϣ
ϸһѪɫɳѪˮݶɣ·ʴʺ졣
ˡ
ϫǸһ£͸оһɿֲѪɱϢսļƴبдǰƿʬɽѪ׹۵Ĳһ档
һʱ֮䣬ϫнԶ𶯣ܵһݵļ¶ͺ⣬ɫԶ΢΢һ䡣
ǻָʱͳԾ֪ʱѪɫѴһ޴֮ĺɫݣռĶۻϣط߲ܿѪա
ߵʹ˿̱ںɫǰֻ˿̵˫ָ񷣬ͷųɽХͨϢֱһo¶ϡ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬ѪɫϣӲ˺һѷ죡


2101 ص
˵˷֮ɽеһƬǾ
񣬽ƾϢǵߵͱӲ˺һѷ죬֪ȳ产ˡ
ԣߵ͵ĮͨһȻԣĿ֮޷ӡ
ðΣ£ȫϢ»ָǲģ֮ϵѷУӿֳһŻ
ŻɽУܲſ񱩵εѹУӳֳ
⣬ͨԴص֮һ
ߵ̧Ŀ⣬ɨڳϫʮλԲͬľǿϣȻƽȴǻһ·Ҳŵòɫ΢΢һ䡣
ҺãĿֻͣһ˲㱻ջأߵָűǹϻֺĺɫݣӪأԴ֮ÿǿطһΣսϴ
˵ţָһɽŻһŻλûӡЯĲսУ¿ԿһΣ԰ȫǷӪС
˶٣ߵЩ翣ȻУҲû˻ȥʬ
ԣϫɫ糣һǰʱѾ˽
νӪأǴŻһפ֮أߵͻУȴÿ·أֱһս
սǴɱͽȡõĳɼսԽߣõĽԽ࣬Ǹ˵ģǱҲмô
ȻսвĻԵ
νԵҪսԼڡԴȥѰ٣Ҳ䵱
ΨһϫעǵߵͿԵġϴ
ճϫ׳˵ԴǴаһ
ǡͽоͻӰ죬ܵа֮ĽȾ
ܼʱϴӵӰǣɥʧԭ־ΪͽһԱūۣ
ؼǣɱġͽԽ࣬ܵĸӰÿ£սǿĲսߣѡ񷵻ӪһһǽսҲΪϴ
ڣǱչжˡ
ߵ仰ת뵽ǺɫУһ㶯
ѪɫУֻʣ³ϫʮλսߡ
ߵ뿪һЩսǿѾʼͷӶ˴һЩʲô֪䣬ѾȺһ
Ψֻʣ˳ϫһˡ
ҲǡԴмգһо͵ڽ뵽ͽĴӪ
֮սľ飬ս߽һж԰ȫһַʽ
жΣյġ
ǰľ棬ȻڳսǿûԸҪͳϫһжǽԶϵȲ֮ĵж¡
ϫԴҲνû֣ԼеΣա
ΪϫǺ̫Ͻ̼ȻܹĶϵȲһԼǾͬԹĶĲսǿԼ
ǸԼĲҰһܺõӡ
֮ԳϫĴԣڡԴжȻΣգҲȺݵĲսǿ߽ҪȫһЩ
ûгɣЩսŽ˵ʱ򣬳ϫ׼ɾڴʱ洫һȵȡ
ϫͷͿеȲӰܽҴҳԼ
Ӱܽɿ˵ôҪҪһжҾһжȫһЩ
˻һʱ˲ĿԶһģû뵽Ӱܽϫ
ԭѾӰܽ˵ļ˸ɫһ䣬Щ䡣
ڴˣϫҲ룬ֱԵлˣϲһж
ӰܽؿһԶĲҰһ˵վ޵ģӦҪһͬ㿴ű󡣡
仰ָ
ϫЦЦұݲӰͼӱӽҵģʬ
Ӱܽüһ۳ϫټ֣ףˣ·ϿҪСһЩ
ϫȻҵǾҪСһ´ˣҽˣѾ
û˵˭Ӱܽ˳ϫָǲҰԸеĴǲɷһĨЦҿɲ
ϫ˵ͷٶ˵ϵŻڣת˲ʧ
ӰʧԶĲҰȻ̧ͷɨһ۳ϫ뿪ķĿɱ
λ֮ǰڱеҲˣϵҲǸݽɫȻ˿ɱҲǹ֣ͬϣһ·λĪҪ֡
ҰɫȻƽĿ⵭ȻɨһԱŵˣɫ
ǳϫһϳǱ̩ͷѩ
ڲҰĻҲ֪ûУһԶ񷣬һʹŽż⡣
òҰüδ˵ʲôһֶжɲҲ׵

˴λ֮սʮӪأֱʮλ򣬳ϫڵġѪɷӪء֮һ
ڳϫصŻͬʱһѩǵġ˪ӪءУͬ߰˸սѾִ
Ե쳣ĿֱһһŮ
ӳ෢˫Ԩüӡһɽͼڴ࣬Ȼһ̰˻ģٻµĿ֮ŤճһȦڶ
һŮ˽СһϮɫѣ˳Ũܵںڳ̳һӴʡ
ӴɡаһɹСƵģƻã̡
ս߸ͲҿˣԶԶһ࣬˵ĿнԶļɵ
ΪˣһϵȲϵĽ˿һϵȲϵСС
СС˵ǳϫеʦܣ֪ʱСʱǷµ֣
˿ܿ񣬲һĿ峤УССʱɫȴЩأ̬Ѿƽˡ
Ҫҵô
ССһЦɵһƬаͫڶ峺
˿üëȴǲײ͹Цֻ㣬²֣Ұ㣡һɽ𣿵ֻϺٺһ£˭̤
˵գ͵ӿһͨûΪһͼڻƣٿȻеŻС
ҵ¶ҹܣҪҽ˺ġ
ССӣ˫ָһһسԶȥɫĹڷҡҷһڷϷ
ţȴʧٿȻҲˡ
ֱ˿СС뿪սǿŽԶһܵѹҲʧɫȴǱΪӡ
治֪ǳϫôϵȲ壬ǵ˿ССҲĿꡣ
ֹˣͳ衢ڤ׺ԨҲͬжʱϫ
Ӧߡѵɣ
²򵥣˵˴λ֮ս̫ͬϽҲĵغһţ˲˽
ΣοһҪСһЩ
ʧЩսǿҲ׷չж뵽ͨԴصŻС


2102 ̸
Ӫء
սչж뵽ͨԴصС
ֻͳһϥأزеġѪ񷡱һĴĹϳǹѪٵĹǹһɺ죬һֻѪͫ
ͳȴһ·ˣi֮ͦһƬɽˮ֮飬˳ȾȻ˫
ֻͬһȴһֺ֮ɫ
ָоΪϰһһɱ¾һ˲ǹ֮Ѫӡ
֮⣬κһжĮġ
ڣȴòȥȡ
ʲô
һº͵𣬱Ӫءĺɫǰ֪ʱһߴˡ
üĿ飬񳣬ɢŸɾϢһ⣬ʢȴĿһº͡ݡ
ûͷͳ֪ǳƺΪĵ͡
ɱˣ߽
ͳƽ˵һϻҲԼľͬеġѪ񷡱ǰֱֱһǰ
仰ȴԵЩĪƫƫǵȴˣºЦȷǸѵ⡣
ͳ첻ԣðβųеġѪ񷡱б屳
Ҫˣ
Цº͡
š
ͳ˵ͷ
ϣ
ûС
Ըһָ㡣
Ц仰ǱսǼʵۺ첻ɣġ֮ɽѲ֪£ӵǻۺ
ܹһλͨڵָ㣬֪Ǻε֮ҡ
ƫƫأͳ輸û룬;ܾأҵĵԼߡ
˵գ̧ͷһϵһصŻӰٿȻΪһֱĹ⣬ʧص֮С
ܻһۣǸӦǺǣȤ
ͳȥĵطãЦЦתʧǺɫС

ɽӪء
һХ̺񷣬һڲս߷׷ɫã˺
Ϳһһͷ˳ɫü沿Ƶ丫̵ӣ̤һУٿȻȥ
СɽΡ嫣޷֮С
ʧһص֮ؼ𶯲ŹƽһڲսȴأЩļ¡
һڤ׺
ΨӪرǰһӰһ̾ǣ̫ܲϽʥӣ
׺֮ǵѹаһʯܹò׺֮Ͽɣɼ츳׿
֪ʱһ߳ڱǰݣӿƹ⻬ɾȴһĲɣϢ
šʱƺŵĵڶͣ
Σ
ڶͳ֣ӵջĿ⣬ĵ
Ӧ߳ߵӪУӦֻз֮ɽ
ڶ͵Ȼͫоʱ
ߣϷɴûʮλ֮УҲӪ֣֮ҹϵ֮ӡ
ӵüһ
ʱһڲս½ϵصȥ
뿪ڶȻõĮ㲻֪黹кܶ࣬ԣ̬ܹǫһЩϾ㲻̫Ͻ
ӵ΢΢һͣһһԻǵһĵڶͣͷղŵȷϷˡ
ڶ΢΢һЦãҲЩϸڣǻɾͲһˡ
ǵĵ͵ĳƺţɱϣ޳ӵȻ֪һ㣬ʶɫԱЩ
ðΣӵ˵Ϸֻ֪ʱ񾿾жλվߣҲӦĸУĵıǴ¡
ἰ̫Ͻڶɫö٣ȷ߸͵ߵһԴ²Ȥ
ԣӵǵͫһĨâʣأ
ڶޱǿɾ͵ǽԳȥһǵˡ
һ仰ӵףʣµǾܾ̫Ͻ̺ģ
߸ߵģģܾģƿЩ΢֪ˣ»ܲ⡣
ӵƽѴһ˿޵Ĳã췣Դѵûп
췣
ʮһĴڣҲ֮ɽعϵһλ
شӪ򣬻ȥһʡ
ڶڵ
ӵԺвԾֳһΰʷʫԻͶӴӰסһշȥݷõһ͵뷨
ͻһתҲ̸£ؼľǴ˴λ֮սȷƾİţǷܹС޷ŷأ
˵СʱѲƴһĨ⡣
õڶز׽Ƴӵһۣ㲻ǻ߽ԴרŶԸӣ
ӵޱϷԲˣϷĵϵȲĲսߡ
ڶ˼ÿһ߶̫ϽߣȴأЩǣĪǸӦѾԶԿߵĵزˣ
ӵǲײس鴤һ£̾ϢӵȷǸ޷ԳƶϵϷԳ׷ɱȴѡ
ڶЩ΢΢ݣͷȷѰ
ӵߵֹǲѰô򵥣ͼֻأبĩ֮߳ĵһˣѰӦç֮ɽ֮ˣ¶ûдôˣ
ڶƺ֪£Եúƽ֮ɽϣɲһȥ
һ֡ͿԿڶͶԳϫ̬Ǻεӡ
ӵĪظеЩϫôݵ֮ɽһˣ
Ȼӵһ˸㣬ǳ
һõڶɫײһܿͻָƽɻǱӵ׽УסȻһЦ
Ǻμӻ֮սʱ̸жƫƫһһȴ˷֮ɽϵһرŭ¿ɲ췣
رֵʮҲǸжΪѿϧչֻתˣһֻУǿҲ޷Ⱦָĵط
Ҳͳʮһ޷Ĩȥ˰̡ӵһƣõڶȻеһ
ðΣڶͲųαȻСһŷˡ
ӵʱЦˣҪľ仰
ʲôüظղŵĻ㻹ûиңϵȲĲս߾Ƿɿ
ڶüϵȲ飬ԼȥϵģѵԼҲ޷ȷϣ


2103 ˫
ӵɫ΢΢Щޣòŵͳɳ˵ϷһֱսһıƺԹ԰¡
ڴˣڶ˵һζĻܹ֮ڵ;ϲϽΪǴԸϼһĻ
ӵɫޣϷģԶ
ڶͳȻ˵ģΪβɱӣαضһ٣ҪȻ뵽֮սУ
ӵߵԽ־ɲϷܹɸıģ
̫Ͻľ
ڶһ㱣Ĭ
΢΢һЦȻ֪˴θǰսУһǻ꣬һŮ˭
ӵĬƬ̣ŵա

ԵΪգһֽɣ
ɾݵڶ֪ȴһϣǾǡ
뵽⣬ڶͶʱֹס˼ٶȥһּɻ䣬Ƕĳ£
ֻĿ⣬ȴԾ˲񷣬ɫظֳһĨӣ̫ϽôҲ֪ǶǴ
ӵȻĿԴӡ

ۣ
ӪأһѪ֣һλսӴȻأͫ͹ŤȻŤ˲
ʱһ󾪺𣬸һڲս߷׷˱ܣ¶һƬյأյϣһѩɽӡ
ݿޣôŮȻʧɫһͷɫ̷ڷзɫڷ衣
վͳֳɱѪ֮ӳֳʬɽѪɭɭ׹ǵĿɲ
һɺѪͼս죬ӳĵиһѪζ
ҵ·³
Ӵ³һ仰羪ףʮǸһڲսһɫ䡣
ˣ
ӽż̤أһȾѪ׶ȥת˲ʧһŻصС
ȥѪڡ
ǺڵصĲսʬս߾ŭ֮࣬ĵֲӿһĨԶƵĺ
Ԩ
ϵȲϵľһˣֱһ޼ɣϲŭ޳Ķħ
ֻһҪ롰ԴУһŭɱˣֶκ̡֮
һ뵽ԷԼǿɲѪֶΣһڲսȴǸŭԣиǰԾЩͽУҲԲȥԨһ£
Сܿȥһڲս½뿪
ֱǵӰԶʧǸӪرУȻ߳һһŮ
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ѩƲǰ㣬ǻѲǴǰǾ̫Ͻ̡顱طɵһߡ
νߣǿԽ֮Ϊսֶεһֿ´ڣ̫ϽУܹطһλߡģҲֻ̫Ͻһ˶ѡ
ǼһѪԲսսɱ񡣡
ǻ겢еĲŮڣЦٻ⡢⣬һϮ£ӳĵ欶ˣ崿дһߵġ
ǻĮȻһֲ
ԼѾˣļȴ̫ϽԼʱܵһС
ӿʼ뻤֮սһ̣бֻһͷΪȥԼ

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ˣ÷С
ѵһε˶ԣ
ԼĻûõԤеӦ𣬲ŮϸīĶüһ˹˵
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ǻ͵һĨɱ
ôˣ
ŮӺη̧ͷǻ꣬أԹһĨ޵⡣
ñҡ
ǻһסзڵɱˣҿɲж£
Ҳš
ŮһЦɳƣ͸ַ顣
ߣ
ǻŮת̤գⲽϵصŻС
Ҳ֪Ӧ߾ʲôֶɱģ޵ƫִ
ǻ뿪Ů˼ӯӯһЦתıŻһеĵϼһ㲻֪ҽʲô֣ƫƫӦ㣬С
סڣ
һȴӱ𣬳ϣǿɲϢ쫷㣬ݺݽǲŮӾߣ׽ϵصŻС
ܹ׾ٰ쵽һɽĵģȻšƺŵĵĵͣ
ޡ˫
ǲŮʧȴһԼԼд֮
ɼ㼫Ϊ翣ȴΪﵽͨزĶУȴԵ쳣
ʱ֮䣬Ӫر͵һֲޱȵأ

ԴһƬ֮ɽϵĽǻӪͽ֮̾أ֮󣬲ڻĸ֮¡
ԴУеһ棬аǣĶڰ
ͽǻЩڵԴеĳƺѡ֮ʥᡱԾӡ
ʥᣬһּ佾ҫԳƣɼЩУһҲͬһϵˡ

ɭ֡
ǵԴеһ
˿̣ϫУɫ裬ɱεĽ߬С
ѪأһƬ϶çĵɭּ֮󣬵θӣϫδֲ
һصŻ֮󣬳ϫͱŲƵһֽϫδԭعය
ղŴŲƵʱղƲ󣬿ǿУȶѾԵ̫Ŀһ̫ͣã¾ͻ˵Ŀš
ǧ֮ϣ˷ɶݡ
İޣа֮˲򡣡
֮񣬼֮һ˿˿аϢԼȡСġ
֪Ϊǧɣ˿н
һһƬããɭСķɶݣϫһ߷ɿ֪ܻóֵӦԡ
ԴһȫİڣԿһ֡򡱸µ֮ء
ϤһУսʱֻ뼫ΪղĴС
Ϊϫǣݸ׳ԣһ֮սͽͬս׼һǷֻĲսǿߣȻһа취ȫɱԷ
֮һƬİսܾڴ˵ͽ֮ռ˵֮㡣
ЩԻһĲսҪɱսȡһϻԵƱػͽͻ
ϫһ㣬ʶԵòôţսɱѪϴѰѳϫս־һѰ󼰵ĵز
κӰͣһͨ巺ŰĹϴǰȷܲ쳣֮óһƣһ顣
׭һϵĳ֣ڲ뻤֮սǰ̫彻ģͬҲǲ뻤֮սһƾ֤
˿̣ԴУƱȴȻһ˿仯


2104 ͽӪ
һֻĴָǴСɷܾµƹɵصŻͼȻƱ档
ϫϳӦñǵӪصصŻֻ꣬갵޹⣬ֻҵʱܱһΡ
һö֮⣬һ໹һݱֱĲۿڣ˸Ѫ̽оͻ֣ᷢۿڲมơս
ȻǼ¼սǿɱͽ֮սĿСĵط
սԶһսԽ󣬽ԽࡣЩԶʮͷţȻѰ֮ˡ
ڴˣϫδ⣬Դ޷Ϊ£һǳɳԸӶ˳ӻظĸΪ˽һ̽ڷء
𣬳ϫµԴﵽս״̬ȫܾΪһ壬Ȼǰǰ
ԴеΪأǧ֮ϸſɲϢ˷ɶŲơ
ܵƣԳϫӴȻ֮Ҳֻܲ̽ǧɷΧڵľ
һжעڵԴжֻܲΪӪðȻͻ֮
Һãн֮óϫжϳܾƣκξӲĹ۲죬˺ֵӳС
ҽһóϫȫϢ٣ڱŵ

ûǰжãϫͻȻ֦ѵһƬããɭпɷͬѰ
ɭֹϡļţΪع죬һ˵ʵĵɫ漸û
һƬɭеľǧٹ֣͸һζ񷶼ڱΣУߺڰС
ղһֻпʲôɭƶСĲȵЩʲô
ϫȻķƶ
κھ֮ǧɵľֹٿӰһӵڶ͸֦ҶԶ̽
ҲֳϫпǸ壬ڵԴУǰ˷ԵУԮֹҪͽɱҪսߵв͵Ϯ
ϫƣĺͫзĹҰеһоʼӰ֣𽥱ת˲ǧ֮һ
һʱӪأռʮɷΧͨӡŤŨŨĻɫںһ
Ϊǣһɻɬȥֻ̽ܿһƬհ޷Ĵڡ
óϫͫУȷⲻǻһֶΣ֮һӪֻͽġ
룬ϫźۼ´ǰھǧʱͣȻһľ֮ϡ
룬óϫһ࣬һ鿪ٳĿյأ˿ʮǿյѲ߮
ϸȥЩӰȻһȺ顱͡ѪþĻ飡
飬һֵе飬ƾȮͷ­鱩Ѫͽ԰ҳۡ
ѪþһսΪǿ飬ѾûʲôÿһѪþԶǧѡľ񣬺ųơָߡ
ͻĸеĸһԴеҲżΪɭϵĵȼ֡
鲿µѪþе
ЩϣڳϫǰսʱѾӸ׳һȫ˽⣬Ǻ顢ѪþսӦòȡεսܹһץסԷ㣬
ԶӪĵش߸ѪþѲ߮óϫһжϳеıȻĳĳɫ
һ֧ȻѾפãһЩԱҵԵδЩ꣬ղžһѹֲס궯ý˵ϵһɡ
һһѪþǳ⣬鰲
ʱ߳һ۵߳һѪþ̸˼䣬Ͳüɨһ۸ղΪ궯顣
Ȼ⻪Ҳղŵ
˴ǰսģԻĸˣ˭ٴ⣬´˴ж裬ɱ⣡
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Ҳ̧ͷһɲǣͷ­ͱһѪ
ţһ̶֮ļХʱֽһֲ֮ϢԶ
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ѪþðһںѪ⣬Ϊ磬ϫ߱ȥ
ǷӦٿ죬ҲûгϫĽ죬ӦʱһϢĽõĹ⣬ݺ
ۣۣۣ
һһѪڲͬطըһıʢһɺѪɫ
һգۼ䣬߸ͬѪþԶкʬ
һУļ죬ʯ֮䣬С
ϸȥЩѪþȴǲͬ
ƾȮͷ­ϣмһͷ­ü֮ؽԶһѪ
֮أͳϫЩһҪһƿɡ
ͼնɱͷ­ͻ֣ᷢͷ­ǿԲģ
Ѫþ򶼱ʿź֮أѪ֮̾أ֮
Ȼ˵ɣʵǳϫսѹ̫࣬ҲȻɵذ쵽һ
Ϊ߸飬Ѫþսһ֮ǻ
ԸȽɫĳϫԼֱ練ơ
ǸղŵĻߣҲŲһεĴڣ磬Ǿ춯صĴڳϫҲ߹Ĵڡ
ʵϵľ޴ࡣ
ѪӪȴһ˿ȴãϫӰŴǧһƮȻ£Ų
ɽ߳ʮɾ룬͵ֹԴɵؿһԶӪͺٿȻΪһ翵ӰӣԶȥ
䣡
ͬʱԭӪȻըһͨѪ
ͬʱһĺɫ̳ԭڵĵط
Ǽֻ̳ʮɷΧͨڣȾһɰɫѪ⣬ŲɣϢļ̳ŷŤơ
˿̣һͨѪǴӼ̳ͷŶ
ˡ
ܿ죬һΰҫ۵ѪɫӰ֣ɣŵ͸԰׵úѪɫͫһѪ죬ͨ弡Ө͵Ѫ⡣
һϮѪɫ磬ѪеһۻʣϢɲ졣
һӰӼ̳Ѫ飬Ƴˮ޾
ϫһϳǲϴӼ̳ӿӰвֹ顢ѪþħߡѪʳȵȵԵԴеǿᡣ
Ϊ׵һѪܣĿӣȻһλλѪᣡ


2105 
Ѫ壬ԴҲһλźͻĸеϵȲ൱
ѪĿӦӵŽľս
ͬʱӦҲǴ˴νɱһеһλ׿ʥ۷ʥ֮һ
ν۷ʥߣָ̤һδ̤Ĵڡ
Ӧһ֣һѪͫӪܵЩʬϣ԰͸һƬĮȻ
޶ԣ˼ʲô
Ƭ̺һϼ̳еѪʧκӰ߳
ʱڳӦѻǧͽһǿߣֻΪвͬСĲſΪǿϡ
ǧǿߣһ֧ΪӴȥһƬϢڣء
ڳӦߣȴһ˸֣ԶĬӳĵǳӦͬѰ
ǵ˸ãѾǵĵ̡
ӦŰ°ͣɫдһλߵĸ߹͵Į
ʡ
ڡ
һ޴Ȯ״ͷԽڶӦϢһɾʡ
鲿Ķ飬ȥѰµټ
ǡ
һǿ߻ΪһɫһƬɭӶȥ
飬սǿȴױȵ׷츳
ֿж鲿󷽣һ֣ɱ⡣
ӦٴηԸһǧĵԴǿߺȻɢȥ
ܿ죬ֻʣ³ӦԱߡ
һۣһۣݾһģһɫֳ֮ͭɫü۴ϣָڴִ󣬻һɱѪ֮
ͭħĺᣬͨ롢ġ׭̷ȵط
Ӧⲽǹϼ̳ϥ£ֳ°ͣ԰׵ϾŴ֮ɫ
λ˼̳Ҫòٴμã
ӦĿɨߡ
ʮ졣
۵̳ԱߣϸƬ̣ŵ
ʮ죿̫ˡ
Ӧüóһɫһƣ죬֮Ҫô˼̳ŲƵ߱ߵء
죿ⲻܣ
üҡͷ̳Ǵ˴ο֮սҲã˵ʮ֮ٴ˼̳ˡ
Ŷ
Ӧ̧ͷһѪƵͫߣһεĿɲѹҲ֮ӶƬ绯ΪѪӳֳٳٵ
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һİæϢŭ㹻ˣ
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ֻҪܹɭе֮׼Լ̳֮룬̳Ų֮
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ˣߺͺ߶һۣԶٶԣʼΧǼ̳ж

һƬص򣬳ϫżڲһϴϵϣ޳ָⲻϹա
ÿһιգһһ˿̻ϢĽϢػʱʧ
ۣۣۣ
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һŭĴ𲻶ϴ˷лһĲҽС
ȻЩͽҲ˳ϫĴڣʼ߻۶ֻÿǿϫǧ֮ʱͻᱻһ¾
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ϵ΢΢ЩȣǴšսĻƴһɳĹӿ֣·ɫ
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񣬳ϫսɫѾʮɫɫĸ
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һУϫֻɨһۣͲٶעȻЩսõ磬ԶԶһ
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Ϣ۵һ̶ȣͱ뷵ӪнϴӣͻԤĺ󻼡
㵹㲻ʲôϫڲսʱǣЩаϢֵ̫ͻأûвνԼڵģ
һԴУѾʼ֪Ӱˡ
˼ãϫѴƶϡ
ȻţеĶȴδͣ£һȻĨɱһ
ֻϫǣ˴γֵĵ˾ɱһֹ顢ѪþҲħߡѪʳȵȵԵԴеǿᡣ
ȻղһӪеļ̳һ󣬿ԴԴϵذͽŲƶ
óϫüͷһ壬жϳԷȻôڻҽɫˣǿ߻ûҲ֡
ֲɭУͼϫǱΧ£ͽǽԶļ£̫ɲˣÿһγ֣Ȼһʱֻжϳ˾ƬУȴ޷ԷλãͬҲ޷ȥ
֤Ǵ˴εĶżΪǿսӵųǱֶΡ
ǵӡУǿǿߣɭеĸ֪֮ҲֻǧɵķΧ
εĵ˵ĸ֪ԳΧЩԶɱСܣȥÿһȥǻһͬ鵹¡
չصľƣõЩͽҲеһ˿־壬жʼøΪСģѿʼźţԮֱתӴܣٿ
ٴɱ߰˸ͽ֮󣬼ٳδһ˿óϫһ˿Σգٳɣת뿪ԭĵطѡһطȥ
̫࣬ʵ壬ɲΪ׬ȡսͲһȥɱ¾
ϫһƻɫ̰㣬ɭдУյʱȻǰһµһһ
óϫʱһУһﲻɱģ֮ɭлԻĲսߣ


2106 ֮
һּΪصĲ飬ԶԴѪ֮С
ûʲô𣬵ȴڶһֻ֮ͫ
ͫΪһʩչͷų֮⣬һմȾԶᱻȾΪһ־ġū͡һжᱻݣãܡ
һԣѪþĴѪþߵ츳֮þ֮СӵпɲĽ֮֮ϣԶԵ˲˺
һʬһ֮£ʱϫע⣬ǰϸ˿Էƣжϡ
һԸãأһĨȣɱӦ͵ϮһŻɫгֳȻ顣
͵ϮɭУȷһѵɱֶΡ
ϫԺ˺ԼһͨӪؽ뵽Դеʮսߡ
Ȼ֮вֹֻгϫһ˱ŲƵɭڡ
óϫֶһ˿裬ûǸԼɵĲҰ
ϫǺϣһɭУͿԳûĨˡ
ꡢꡭ
һϸȺڿʳϸ΢
ϫͫһУǶʬڲ䶯СϵѪˮҲһʧ
ϫʩչƵȻͲ̽ʬԱߵĹУһɻɬȻ䶯
һְͨɫڸƣǷ֦һζ
ϫɣһƽҲ֮ӽڲڳϫԺйճһڴһֻҰռ䣬ڲһϢķʽɶ𶯣ֻû
ɶһƻɬ˿߰žɣ뵽ǶʬУϼȡڵһѪҺѪ
óϫвһݣЩˡ
룬ϫýһʿɵײƤʱһ糲ѨƵĶӳֳѨܼĿ׶һ׶ڣһŨ罬Һ̥״
ȳϫϸȥ͸оһŨҵѪ֮лŽʵʵаϢ
Գϫľ磬о΢΢һΣûκγɣһǳѨݺնȥ
ಣ
ͬʱһ֮Ĺ糲Ѩһ׶ϫüģٶȲ˼Ŀ졣
ϫһ񣬽ȻϽԣһ֮⵲ס
أ
һ֮ⱬ飬ɹδɢΪϸ΢˺ţëĹ⣬ݺݳϫ
⧲֮£ϫҲòˣһתϽȼհ㣬һƬӰٴλ
ϫľǣһƿ΢֮⣬쳣ǿ䱻룬أʮݺ˳ϫ򴦡
¡
ϫתŽЩϸС顣
ɴʱϫɫЩء
ղһϵбȻ̫ͻȻԳϫȻһУľǣЩ֮ǹǿ֮ղķܹɱڣڶԸЩʱβŽǳ׻ɱ
Щ˼ˣ
Ҫ֪ǸղɱЩͽûôˣصʲô
ճϫƶϣڴˣһ͵ϮҲᱻֵΪǱˡ
ϫ룬ٶǰһ걻ƿĹײȥͿ糲ѨĵطĿ׶ڣһŨҺƵ̥״䶯ƺЩƺʲôҪ
Ψһ׶ڿյġ
óϫ˸ղһͻȻ͵Ϯ֮⣬жϣȻЩ׶е̥״ڣǹޱȵ
˿̣ԱߵĶʬѱȡһգʧʣһ̯ޱȵʬˮ
ǳѨƵײȻһ̥״䶯ȴٳһ֮
Ȼǵƺ԰쵽һ
ղһϮϫ֮⣬Ȼڼȡ˶ʬ֮󣬲ӵͻϮ
һĻóϫӹһӰ
Դգɱͽܾ֮أɳϫû뵽֮ˡ
ãϫһĨɫһӣʩչһɽ֮׽һƬѨĶӡýаȡ˳
ĥ̴СƷ䳲Ŀ׶һŨҺƵ̥
ڰȫǣϫΪ쳲Ѩýٶȷӡһ飬
ҲڴʱǱȥ쳲ѨĹƺǳʹȻһļУ
ԶԶ￪ͬӦһ㣬ԲǧڵʮְͬɫĹϴ׷ײ岻
ڳϫĽƲ̽£ЩײһɹɻɬѸٻۡ
ϫϣתȫżһ棬ͻΪһӰת˲뿪Ƭչĵش
ڳϫ뿪ãһ갵ɫĹϴŰ
һĻͬƬɭеڡ
ЩϫɱͽʬܿʧͬʱһǵĻɫӰ㣬һײʧС
һƬУһѪɫӰͥŲɭдɺڻɫ֣˸Ļ档
ȻӦ㣬һѪͫзһĨ˼֮ɫ֮ǲ԰׿ϷһĨ˵Ц⡣
ϷѾʼˣɱɣɱԽ࣬ɭеʳ߾ͻԽԽ࣬ʱӵ
ӦһƵ̾ϢٶȲǰУѪɫӰͬһĨ飬ʧ

أ
ɭһУҰѩ׾ӨĹǵγһѪ
һͷӴħȻأѪɲ
һսϧֻǵ۾ˮ׼
ҰԴźҡҡͷ
߰ɡ
ҰһԱߵ̩ͷѩתȥ
һ·ѾɱٶͽȴȻֻΣʧѵͽеǿ߶ˣЩڻ
Ұҡͷ̾Ϣ
ûиֲǸã
̩Ȼ
ʲôиãѵǾ͸׬ȡ㲻۵ս
Ұü
ǵĿӦߣսǴҪġ
һķѩ˵㣬Դһ˿԰ףһľĸо˵ҲỺԼ˽סϧ
Ӧߡ
ҰһıͫͲмһٶԡ
һһ·ǰУȻûз֣Щһ·ϱɱͽʬʧɭһǰĻɫӰ
ֹǣɭеĻһսߣɱһͽ֮ͬԴ˲޶ٲ
ɱͽ֮ķӦͲҰһоԴƺôա


2107 
˴γӦǰɭ֣ǧͽƵǾжǿߵģȴֻһˡ
ְţԵúء
ΪͻһսµͽһΪÿһλ֮սʱһӪɳ޲ÿһǿһλǿߡ
֮һӪսУһиҲһµ
ɾ£Ӧ֧ӴУȴҲڶҲЩ;ɭеĻǿ߶ͽһеɺͲм
ͽһҪʲô
ѵΪƾһӦһڲһĶɱЩ
û˹עЩһЩɭжĲս񻹲ӦĴڡ

ಣ
صɭУϫȷһֹ֮󣬾һϣϢ
Ȼóһ˶󡰹䳲ϸã뵽˳˼С
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫʲôϣֽӡýСĴ䳲һ׶С
͡
׶ͬһŨ̥һƣͷһʹļа㡣
һƻɫ֮ӣӿ˽档
ϫûֹǾ۲ţ֮ǰ͵Ϯһ֮ͬһ֮˥ֻܻ֮ڽӡ
ȻֻһƣȴɢѪϢиһаһڽ棬Ͳ䶯ͷųһ־ޱȵĸʴ
Խȫѹƴ鱦һͷıҲһ˿
ϫˣٳɣָ貳ҵϽԣһ֮С
ʼһ˻ǻһ㡣
أ
ָ͵һ֮飬ȴΪٵΪϸСĹ⣬ϳ˷ײͼѳϫơ
ȴͽܿͱĥһա
Ȼ֮ȷǿԱĨɱģϫȴһҲ˲Ѿжϳһ飬׶ΣȴΪ׺ǿ
ϫղŲһ£ɱŽֻܽһƴ״̬Сɱ֪һɳжɲ
룬ϫֿʼһ䳲е̥ԣÿһβԣһֲֶͬΡ
֮֮÷֮˲֮ͬ
ֱɱǡ䳲еĴ̥ȴûзһֶΡ
Ųԣϫᶨһ£Сȷģֻȴڣȱɱ
ǵģڰɫײġ䳲
ϫһʮ̥
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㣬עһĲ֡
ΨһҵǣЩ̥ҪɱҪӶǳǧϰٳֵĿܡ
֮ǰϫ͵Ϯһɱ̥ڵ֮⣬Ǽȡһ߶ʬ֮󣬲ŵɱɹ
ԣ
ܿ죬ϫʶһ˿һ·ɱʮͽиλڡ
ЩʬɭУעҲᱻ䳲ȡˣ
һͻָɱɹ̥
һ뵽⣬ϫһĨӰ
֮ǰɱһͽ֮ҲһȻΪһս˲
ɴʱȴһֱᡣ
ЩһļһпܽһڻңǱɭֵĸĿģɱУΪЩ̥ṩɱ
ֻҪ̥ɱͻ쳣ǿսֶιѱɱ
ͽǺģķʽȡǿսһλսȻǰ򵥡
ϫ뵽ɭ֮⣬ͬҲ̥ĹڣԸЩսߣעһѡ
Ȼϫû˼˵ˣһУ޲Ϊ˸ӦӶԡ
ҪǣͨЩ֪Ҳֱܹ۵֪ԴеһУŵС
ϾԴеȻаڰޱȣɱϾҲǡ족һ֡
ȥ˽ԳϫԾ޺

ͷϫеĶȴûţ䳲е̥ʮһЩûȥ̽Ƿ̥ܶ
С
ڤ¼ûӦ
аûӦ

ϣ
̽ãһѪŽڳϫʱʱһݵĿ͸ӿϳϫͷ
ۣ
һɿ֮ǿң֮ڣبŵִźһʱ֮䣬Ѫһʣ̥ɲǼʧƾһ㡣
һУóϫЩ⧲ԳԾĿŲѪɫŽϡ
˽ĳߣͨ죬ѪڽڲӡһӰȻÿһжһƻƮٿΪ߹ڹŷŶоٿŮ裬ǧ˰̬
ɵϸȥʱͻῴһƬƴѪսŭʥưѪ꣬ضʬ׹ǣ
֮
Իֵ֮һرŻɣаִͬơ
ΪһλᣬΪ˳ϫ֮
˽Ʒ֣֮͵˶սԶԶһѰ񱦣Ҳһࡣ
ЩҲΪԭ򣬴˽ϫѩδټù
ϫǺ˽ڶԸ̫Ͻ̴ʱȴӵųѹã
ǰ㣬κֶ֮ᱻ˽ɱȡΪ
е̤ۣ֮Ҫռ֮ʱ̫ܵϽ̵İ㣬ܴ󲿷ԭǴ˽
ֻϫû뵽ǣ֮ڴ˿̲춯ˣ
ûղʣ̥Ǳ˽ȡʧ
ʵҲϫ˿̵֮һƺΪڻѪ磬ʺ͸ǡ
Ȼȡ̥
أ
ʧȥ̥ǡ䳲ʧȥ㣬ʱΪ촷ۡ
ɳϫѹ˲ùעЩ˼ȫеĵ֮ˣܵ˽ŨҵĿޱȵĻϲ
ڶԸ̫Ͻ̵ֶ֮ʱ֮û˴ķӦ
ѵЩ̥Ǵ˽Ҫ֮Դ
ϫԺиֳһͷȴо˻µ֮
ͷˡ𡢵һڤһͬҲһԪеӦߡ
УӵͨܣһλµرܻѰˣ
ȷܲѰ޷ȣȴһֶصԿ̫Ͻ̴֮


2108 ժ­
˼ãϫսĳ߳ͨʺ͸ĵ֮
ಣ
һӰϢس
һѪʳᣬעĿɫ촽һԷѪɫ乳Ӵ͹ϸɫƬǵý
ֻҪսѪʳµƬͻữΪѪܹɲ֮˵һѪɲǼɡ
ѪʳĶ츳СѪ֮Ӷᡱ
һѪʳŲʵϢȻͨһǿǱط
ɭУͻɫںϣһ֮Ͳ̽Ĵڡ
ɶӵн֮ĳϫԣһһжΣױ¶Ĳ̽¡
ܿ죬Ѫʳ˳ϫĹ֮£һɫͫ¶һĨɻ֮ɫ
ڸղţ֪һ˿ͳĽ𣬿һȴʧӰ١
ζδ¡
ҡҡͷתʹȥʱһѪɫâէ֣
ۣ
ѪʳüıһѪȻء
ǰֻһεӰִ֣һѪɫĳ߹Ž
ǽѪɣʺȼ
ȻѪʳȥ
ϫҪνȥʱע⵽ѪʳʬһƻɬϢ֮ԴԴϱȡ
֮䣬ѪʳʬԱøɱ񣬰һ˿

һ紵Ѫʳʬ廯ΪһƬҽɢһء
ʱ֮죬һ˿ɫʣ͸ޱȵĻϲͿ
һĻóϫȷһ£֮Щ̥ѹƣҶЩܾڵԴеͽҲһɿֲɱ
˽ԳȡԷʬе
˿ڵ֮УѶһ΢Ѫ飬Ѫ̺һִޱȵ
ѪʳԭżΪŨа֮ɵ֮ȡ֮ЩаϢһֲƷ㣬֮䳹ȡȻʣһ̺ŴѪ顣
ϫҪһѪóɾڴʱ֮вһǿҵĵִܲõóϫʱһ
Ըоһ̺ѪԵ֮ѾûʲôãɼȻԷԣϫҲټʹ˰֡
ֻȴǰԾ첻ѣ֮ķӦԾˣӵǻ۰㡣
Ǵδй顣
ûٶϫʧɭС
ضյĵԴУһطԴһЩͿζɱѡ

һȥϫһ·ɭд½նɱ߸顢ŸѪþߡʮѪʳߡ
սĿ¼ϣٴζ֮ӦսΨһźǣвûгǿߣʶսҲֻͨ
ͬʱϫ·;½ʮŰɫдġ족䳲ʧʣһС̥
ϫõ֮Щ̥ȫȡżȡ̥֮࣬һ̺ŴѪ˱仯
ѱӤȭͷСͨ͸ӨλðĹ̺ģһƾ
ҹĻ٣ϫжһ֮ڣʼϸ֪ڵ״
ʵĵΪٸԲṩǳսһ£Ҳеƣ
ϫͣΪΪ˸֪ȾһаϢ
ԴУԶаһʱչӰжʱͲɱػᱻմȾ
⻹ԶԶвϫԻһĲսߣܹвģսʱɱͽ
ÿɱһͽھͻһа޷ԳϫͣҲԴ޼ƿʩ
аһصԵԴУ̤ʼ˴뿪ƬأܻӰ졣
ڳϫѾʮа֮ʣȴʵʵڵġ
ȻµĳϫԣаϢͿԺԲƣǵǻ۵һ̶ʱͻв
һϻԵֲսУĳط
ϫ˼еԲزֻҪܹץסһԵԿһȥ
ɹؼڣԵ
ǻ֮սͽ̾ϳаһǵ֮ء
ЩԻһĲսǰĿҲѰƾˡ
ҪѰٵȻô򵥵顣
ڳϫһͷҲûС
ã֮սŸտһʱ䣬óϫ㹻ʱȥ̽Ѱ٣ǰǡ

ҹɫīɭ죬绯ȫڡ

ɭһƬУһڼ紭ϢԻһµȲе壬ǿһλ
μӻ֮սΨһͷǽ
ֻҪͿԻȡһĻԵܹڻĸдһƬԼأȫٺµȲͬһλϡ
Ȼʱ״̬ȴܲãȾѪɫ԰ѿսϱ˺ѿһ󶴣Ѫ˺ۡ
ڴϢţղɫӰӣͽסһļ¡
̫ˣ
ǹҲ֪ʲôطðģ׺ݹܣǿޱȣǵļл£Ҫ
ɹɱԷѾصƣѾǱ᧿Σ
һȻЩڣڲõжӦú˺һж
ڴʱһĴ̹Σոдĵ𣬴̼һҪͣ١
ɱ
ŨɭȻޱȵһɱϣǿɲޱȵѹᵽһɱζ
ûκγɣ͵һХȻ󷽱˶ȥ
ХûӰûŲʱ˾ͽӲ类Ŀܣ޷һ˿
һ޳ѪɫӰҰУѪƵ˫ͫ԰׵ӡŸ߹ȡԼһɺѪ硣
λѪӦ
һɫ֣ȴ޷һ£Ҳ
ͫ¶ȵĲʺ;
ѣؽţֻǽͷ­һá
ͳĮĻ𣬳ӦһλעĹ壬ǹһĨŵЦ⡣
Ȼ޳֣ժͷ­ŶĿժһƬҶǰ⡣
úϢһ£ʳ߻˯ߡ
ӦתȥʧУһĨɺĵĻ֡
ۣ
ͷʬһѪȪȻء
ûãǵĻɫ֮ʬС
գ֮䣬ʬѪˮͳͳ˰㣬Ҳһۼͷ·ղŵһûзһ㡣


2109 ɵ
ͣ
УһƵǻҹܳʱգһֲ˼ٶȺݺݳϫ
ϫͷҲأѪɫһתһƬٵĹ⣬ܹһͽʳߡ֮ⶸȻһѩˮ㣬һĨٽӰһա
󣬵֮һĽ
һж赭дѴ֮һ֮ǰϫΪֵڡ䳲е̥ɡ
ⶼ鹦еĵ֮Ȼֹ
ˣԳϫսҪɱһֻʳߡҲ÷һˡ
ϫǰȥ
ѾһƬɭֵĵ죬·;ͽˣ֮ġʳߡĿ
һ̽ϫȷţһƬɭյĵطЩ䳲̥
֮⣬ɭԭʼ顣
ս߶ԣЩʳߡһթ׶ǿǰԶԸɶӵе֮ĳϫԣȴѾ̸ʲôв
жϳһ㣬ϫѲһƬɭжයҪǣﲢûгϫҪĽԵ
ţ
ϫǲǰеӰȻһ٣ԨһĨɫ
ԸǵǧԵ˿һҵս
ս춯أƬضɫ䡣
ԴĶƣһսѹһСΧڣǳϫ㹻ǿ󣬿ҲһС
룬ϫǰȥֻϢ绯ΪһƬޡ
ˣǰȻʣһƬտش֣ϾȼĹҽ
ǿհ׵شϣ˿һս
ս˫ԻһĲսߣҳϫʶһӰܽΪ׵ǿߡ
һǲҰ̩ѩˡ
ȻһԾĶĸֻ֣Ӱܽһȴȫѹס
һǸˣ᧿Σ
ͬӰܽҲòսҰȫѹƣԵǱ
ҰΪ˶ȡս⻤֮ս͵ϮͬһӪǣ֪ôĺ
ӰܽԸеϴ˿ȴ䣬һ̺޾ŭͳޡ
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Ϊʲôǣ
Ӱܽҧͳ
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Ұ˵⣬̵ͫ͵طһĨɫзһİɫӰܣͷųֲ֮
ҹ֣
츳̺ʮִΪ۷εĲҰУѾ߱ɱУ̻ҹĿֲܡ
صһһҹըʱңԲڵһȫ촷ۣ׻Ϊա
ӰܽҽУӰݺݵɳȥڰ֮⣬ǿѪ
Ϊ㲻úͳϫӦ߿̫
Ұƶ̹Ǻ磬¶ɱ
ʱӰܽͬҲ᧿Σ̩ͷѩѹסҪ֧ŲסҲ
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Ӱܽ޵һƬҰףɫȴһ־Ȼ⣬ǵĳϫǽˣһĵӿС
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ң
ӰܽҿһѪҧͼȴȻء
ʲôң˵ӰϵŮģѪҺ۽ȵҰԣѱ㣬Ҳһ׮¡
Ұһ̰Ц̵ͫѾڵ֮
Ӱܽ
ۼֻɾҪóѣȻһĨƾն֣һִĿĹ˺Ѻڰ֮財
Ұ͵ɫһ䣬Ӱˣƾޱȵսܿͻһ
ͿһεӰӰܽǰ忡ͫԨһϮƮҷһֳȻ֮ǳϫ
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ҰͫһУ¶һĨЦ⣬ѾѰܾãû뵽ԼˣҾϲ
ʱԭԶɱ˫׷֣ͣĿ⳯
ӰܽЩͬûæ嵽ߣ˵ϵӰܽ
ֵǣ̩ͷѩ˶Դ˾ûκǲҰߣ׷װ˳ϫϡ
ˣϫһЩֻû뵽ǾͲҰΪͬˡ
ȻҪɱңΪҪǣأ
ϫȻƽȴ͸һĨɱŨңȴסҰˡ
ܼ򵥣κҪˣ⻹⣬ĨƬս
Ұɫ䣬̵ͫиһĨĿܣ·ڵȵǵ
̫Ͻôģ
ϫɫƽ
̫Ͻ̣
ҰһҡͷӦߣˣǺЩͽһϣΪһĺᣬԹۣ
һ仰óϫЦˣĲλ̫ͣʸ̫Ͻ㣬Ҳ²ⲻô޷ҲΪ˰ͽһϵȲеһɣ
ҰɫʱһȿڣϫͽĿɨ̩ͷѩϣҲҪһô
̩˵ͷ˶üĿɽͬҲһλеȲ߳ľ۷ǿߡ
ԱߵķѩȣԵø㣬һҰС׻
ֻ˿̿ϫĿȴԵüΪƽһ˿òˣϫ⡣
ɱҵĶ
ϫסЦЦȴһƬĮսеһЩǱ﷢ͻֻû뵽ô죬Ž뻤֮սѡ
ȻѾϫɲǳΪߵˡ
һʵʰɱӳϫǰһѹȰϢС
֣
ҰͫзһĨĹ⣬Хȷ
һҹлۡڣٿʱգЮһɿɲĻϢϫͷɱ¡
ͬʱ̩ͷѩӰһչơ
ֳ̩һɳĿ񳤵ɫ׵磬һɲ绯ִս
һ࣬ѩһǧѩ׾Ө͸ıȽȽ𣬻ΪһصıͼڣƬء
һɲǣλԻһľ۷ìͷֱϫһ˶ȥ
ͬʱϫҲˣ֪ʱ˵֮˫ֿյģһ̻磬ƮȻǰĲҰȥ
УɱЩһﻹԼĽ
ɾնһɲǣ͸о˿˹ͬʱϫ
һİ·ĳɣƽͣƽ͵Ҫһ
һȴóϫ͵һӿһĨǿҲΣոо


2110 ֮
ۣ
ڳϫΣһɲǣֻһдӱԼ߲ᴩ룬ݺݳԼȥ
̺ſɲŰޱȵķѪ⡢׹ǡ糹״ݿ壬Ʋɵ
һֹǿ£ֱѿԳ˼飡
ϫȾԲ磬ͻĴɱıҲתǿзͬǿߴɱҲпƲϫķߡ
ǻһЩǿߣδϫͻᱻڳϫݺɳȥ޷дɱ
ǿ²ߣƿصĵѪѿһ֮ɱʹɱģ
ڣһĨȴǴݿ࣬ûκ谭ƿϫߣݺڣƲɵسϫȥ
ƿǳϫ͵ڳױϳ˵סΪѣ
ǰΪҪǣһĨͻȻӱĴɱǰҰ̩ѩߵֹҲüޣ
һǰһγһľɱ֣
ûκԤıжκһǿߣȾɱ֮¿Ҳ޵
ϫܴɱһɲѪɱĥ³սܳ׷ãóϫͻϮһɲǣһݺһ
䣡
ǽԼ򱳺ĵˣ͵رˣϱӿϽԣһƬɷ֯ǵ֮ǽѸ͸վһֺµš
ͬʱһ浹תܻһԲ͸ҫ۳ʢĽĻ
Ĵ̿ƻȻû뵽ϫôһ˿ɬͬʱ̿;͸оһ类ʮɽݺײϣסһʹྪӰܿƵصɳȥ
¡¡
Ҳͬһʱ̣Ұ̩ѩ˵Ĺɱͳϫʩչһֽ֮Ļײһ
һʱ֮䣬ϯʱңԲ֮صɭ˲촷ۣΪһƬ潹
ȶʵ̫ϸǵ򣬲׵֮
ҺԴУǷ磬һ棬һĿֲѣ
ܣڣɭеĹΪأõЩĸ֪ΧҲơ
ݵƽ֮ȻҰСӱɱûУ
һһ𣺡
Ϊ޷Է
ҰЩɡ
Ѿˡ
ǷѩԼ

һХ˲Ϣؼϼȫɢһգ
ӳֵǲҰ̩ѩ˵ӰԾʮ㣬˷׼ֳһһս״̬
һ֮࣬ǰҰܣ˵ӰܽڵϣЩͬȴǷɢڲͬλãԶͲҰһʮ㡣
ֻ־裬ԲҰ˶ȥԵЩ֡
Сˣʬأ
ҰĿɨȫѻΪһƬ֮صиҲϫټʱɫʱһ
ңô֪
˳ԾһĻˣشҰľȻڵϵӰܽ
ֻҿԭ޵ǲ԰һƬž޴ʹࡣ
㲻֪˴жؼľе̡֮ǸСȴˣȻ˵㲻֪
ɫǰ̵ͫӰܽ㡭ò˰ɣ
ң
ӰܽĿһĨŭ
ˣҪˣǳϫӦûûҲζǵжûнҿɲϣھͱڶ
Աߵķѩ˵Ǳ֪ˣӦû׺жء
ἰϣǲҰӰܽԶһĬ
Ǹղŵļƻһ˿ƾ߸֣ɱκһͬˣȴϫˣôζŴӵսԤĻҪǿ󡣡
һֱĬԵ̩
ߣֻĳûжȫ
ҰؿӰܽһۣμƻʼǰǱ㱻ӪУǻ̫Ͻ̵ġ̡֮֮ȵȣ
˵⣬ҰɫȻһ䣺е֮أ
һ仰Ӱܽһʧãǳϫڣ

Ұ̲סһ䣬˵ɫҲԵЩ
ϵش󣬲ʧ֮Ǳ뾡ҵ䣬䳹նɱ̡֮
ѩԼɻȴɱʮ㡣
ҺȷûɱѾ̻֮ˣе֮ɸܹģҲζֻԽԽأֱҪ
ӰܽҲָ侲ɿ˵
Ǿ̿ʼжҿɲϣСЩͽץˡ
Ұ

ʱȻûע⵽ǧ֮ĵطһӰĮȻעһС
ȾѪɫ԰߲֮һĿĵѷ죬Ѫʶ
Ϊ˵ǣһɲ˿ڴһϸ׶С
һڣֻʣһС¶ߣһ޵ĺɫڸʴ˿ܵѪ⡣
һӰȻǳϫȴ·Լϵƺʹ޸оֻĮȻؿԶ
֪ԭԼ̤һҰɫǰμһ֮սʱѾ뵽˵˵С
ȻӰܽؼһ
ĬƬ̣ϫתȥʧУһƥ˵ĹǣļͺͳĬ侲ؿԼŭ𣬵ȴ˺֮ĸʱ

˼Ȼọ֮́Ǵڻ֮е֮һ
Ұһ뿪ãһѪɫ޳Ӱտ˵Ĵ֮ϡ
˫ָһսУƺڸ֪⴯֮µսϢ
ϧرȴԸԼӪͬ飬Ǻǣѵǻһ޷ǿԭ򣿡
Ӧ¶һĨ˶ŵЦݣĿ񷣬ҡҡͷתȥ
ʱ䣬ٲֻԶˣժǵͷ­Ӧÿ԰ȫŲƵ߱ߵءɣ

ʴǵʹģϳųϫѱĥ񣬷ڵľת·ֵܵס϶񻯵ƣȴ޷赲һ֮֮
ϫʱûаγ̵֮Ĵ㣬Ϊһγڵƾͻʧȥƽ⣬ȻĺϫҲ޷ܡ
˿һĸ֮£ȫڣڲתͼһ
ϫ״̬⣬̫أӰܽһε͵ϮҪ
ֻڵƣϫиһ޷ʧ䣬һֱƭζ


2111 ʱ֮ӡ
ϫӰܽȷһ˿øУȴΪԷԴҰ԰
һ˿øнֻΪǰμӻ֮սʱӰܽΪ̹ϵظ˳ϫһЩҪ˽Ϣ
ͬڼǰԴʱӰܽҲܻĶС
Ȼһ˿øкܲοǰμӻ֮սʱϫʶԼգĵ˲ֹͽͬһӪսߵв
ԶӰܽһ˿ø֮⣬ϫͬҲŽ䱸;衣
Ψһóϫû뵽ǣԷһֻܺ
ϫȷӰܽͲҰԾʱˣȻһʵ塣
һжԳϫԣͬʲôشģʵӰֶܽжһ̣֮
һȫһзɾƿ˳ϫߣصĴ
ûһ֮ϫȫĻΪģ䵽ز
ȻѾ˵һҲˣΨһϫ벻׵ǣԷ֪Լ·ģ
ӰܽͲҰһԾһնֻҪϫνնҲ޴̸
ƫƫأȴϵϫսʱҲŪٵζȫ浶ǹӲƴ
ЩϫԼǱٵֶκģҲȷԼһ·ϲδ׷١
ȴˣȻбȻĳԭ
ʶ⣬óϫŽ⿪Լܣܶ㲻ԷĶĿ
ûгɣǿɵľʹϫʼϸ̽Լͨ״
ϸܵ㣬ڽϸѰͨÿһط
ֱ󣬳ϫһ
üʶԣԼûжԷµӡôθ֪Լټģ
أϫнԺ͵һģ뷨ȻԼϣ֮ϣ
ûκγɣϫһ¼սӪϣ
ǽ֮ӵУԲܻᱻֽˣΨһ׭һϳֵƣɳ̫
ݳϫ֪Ʊһ뻤֮սƾ֤̾ڷ֮ɽϵʮԷųֹϫӵУֻҪ뻤֮սǿߣԶӵһ顣
ʮ͡
ϫУʼϸ֪һƣҶ˽Ƶ
Ƭ̺󣬳ϫһĨ˹󣬹ȻƱ˶ֽţ
һϸɲӡںڲ޲ǽƼΪ죬޷һ˿ӡĴڡ
һɲǣϫһһ˿ӡȥǿҳ嶯סˡ
ܻ٣ȥͻԷһʱһУɵڸ߶ԷѾеı
ֻǱս֪Ҳ޷óϫɵʮͣ
֪еһ˿ӡȻҲ£ôһУǰЩжɱԼ
ʮ򻤵֮ս⣬Ƿ֮ɽǿʮλͨ£ϫԲöԷ֪һУһԷ߳ŭ㲻Զֻ֣ѳϫԴУóϫٲ֮ء
̫Ҳ˵ˣʮͿɲʲô˽֮ǿѺ̫Ͻ̹һ𡭡
ϫЩأʮչֳ̬ʶա
ͬأһıóϫҲһɺԣǾͿһ˭Цɣ

ϫһƽƱ棬ӰһʹӹײܳʧɭС
ţ
ϫУȻһ
ʱΪ׵ĲҰֹ˵ĿҲˢˢԸһͬ顣
һӰĻӣ˿ɫЩĪ⣬Ŭ֪ʲôβųԾãѾ֪ǼһϢֻֿܣҪôѾȥҪôѾˡʱ֮ӡ
ʲô
Ұͫһ
ûҿԸ֪̻֮ϡ
ʱһӰܽڣá
ܷ֪λã
Ұ׷ʵ
ֻܸ֪һģķΧ
㹻ˣ
Ұһֵ·ȫ׷ӣ
£һӰŲƣ˲Ϣʧԭز

߲˿أѪʱ˱ȻӰ쵽ϫҪǣѪҺʣóϫ޷Լټ
²еһ˿ӡֻҪѭԼһ·µѪõʱ׷Լ
ϫɭдһ̵ɫ԰ףɫǳĮ֮·ȴڣ̵֮֮Ծڲʴƣԭص״̬񻯡
ಡ
Ȼһɫ֮ǰӶԤıð㣬ݺݳϫɱ

ϫɫһ񴦾Ѿ֮û·;ֳ֡ʳߡϮѩϼ˪
ϣ
ϫ֮ƴŽʣĳɵսڼ֮䣬ͽʳߡɱʬҲ֮ȡ
ϫҪ֮ʱ͵ע⵽ʺ͸ĽϣϢͷųһɻɬϢԼȡһƺɫ֮
ѵ֮֮пã
ϫһ֮Ľ˿ڴ¶֮ϡ
䣡
߸һɲǣȫͬײһ𣬺Ȼһɿɲҵ𶯣˺ųϫ˿ڣ۵סƺһӰĲԵڵء
ΪҪǣһвδ֮˿ᵽѪȵ㣬˷ܵѪ磬Ϻ֮ͷųĺɫ֮ɱ
ϫܹܵԼ˿ڲ϶񻯣һɹɻ籩̳֮ԼڣݲԭƻصľѨϡ
ۣ
ϫ̲סȳһѪĻ뵽ᷢˣʱΪ̣֮֮ټԦ
óϫɫһӱѿ֮ʹǷŭʱǳһˣǺض룬ɣ
Һãûһͽϫܵһ׶ľʹҲ֮ʧ
ϫͷȥͿ֮ʺѪĽϣȼһ֮Ѫɫԡ
ڲЮһ˳׶ıǺȻ֮׶ֻ˿ŨŨѪɫԹЮڱһɣ
ϫȻƬ̣͹˲ЩԼ˿ڣȴ˿еĺɫ֮ѱһգֻʣǴĿĵѷ˿ڣأڵѪ
ڣͬҲѸ֪κƻԭޱȵڱһ޸
óϫ͵һֻҪ̵֮ʴصҲѲסϫ˿
ΪҪǣսҲٱӰ죡
ҲʱԶȻһϸ΢ŵƿ


2112 
ƿϸ΢ȴӲϫĲ̽һ˲䣬ϫԺо͸ֳһ˵Ӱ
Ϊ׵ĺȻӰܽ󷽻ֱвҰ̩ѩˡ
˿̣һѾϫǧɾ룡
ϫһԨһĨɱ˾ٿȻʧԭء
ƾһϢҲû¡
Ӱܽһ˾˳ϫԭפλá
Сģ̵֪֮Ϣղžֹڡ
ӰܽϷһ˿ɣҾ޷֪ˣ
Ұһ䣺ʲô˼ѵ̻֮ƾʧɣ
Ҳδѣ
Ӱܽüõ
Աߵ̩ڸϸɨһȦճղսƺЩʳ߶СӷϮֳֵûʳµʬ
˻һ˽Զһ
Ǻȷϫ̵֮ľɱ֮ܵصĴˣ֮ʴ£һﾹֵܼڣǺʳҲսɳϡ
أ
ܵˣӵȥ
Ϊ̵֮Ϣʧ޷֪ˣ
ƺЩϲнԶһĨӰ
ȻҼΪӣò˵ΪӦߵȷԵЩ֣ˣϵȲĲսҲЭ飬ìͷָӡ
Ұһ˸ǿشҲԼֶãֻץסʱδָǰҵؿԽ䳹Ĩ
˵⣬ҰɫһĨŨɱȵˣǿλκβһ˵Сǿɾ̫˵ȥˣ
ɫнԶ¶һĨɫǰ߸ѵԸһܵشĳϫ
еľɱһɨգ־Ȼһ¡
أأأ
ȻڴʱһȻ飬ͬʱǧƥϽɫâ˷ɱ
һɲǣƬرȾϽɫʢҫۣ񳱣籩꣬ЮķâͷųɱǬĺϢ
һжͻأҰһ˵ɫ䣬ʶתȫΪ׷״֮Կ
¡¡
һʱ֮䣬оײıϯʮ
ҰǾ޲սҲܱμλ֮ս
ͻأĿϮȻϣƾսķḻ飬ڵһʱӦԡ
ɻɿ͵طִ˴εĹǿɲޱȣÿһ֮ƣϴͷųеĲ˻ڣĵˣס
òҰֲɫ䣬ʩչ˻ٲκһ˿⡣
ۣ
ɺȻǵ͹һϮĿ£һ˵ľǿ߻δվӰһͷ­ͱֱɳȥһѪˮȾա
ҽжûü㺬޵
ݣ
ӰܽУŭӡ
ȥǿݣǻһµȲһǿеĵһˣ˴βμӻ֮սɿ֮ͬһ˲ͱͷ­еӰܽβŭ
Ļ쵰Ҫɱ㡪
ӰܽĶԸеϾŭɱսء
ֹȻ֮͵ز𣬾òҰҲһɫò
еĶǿʢǴ˷Ͻȴûоͷ㣬¡¡ѹ캣쫷硢ѸסһִɽѺɱʮ޼᲻ݵɱ֮
£ǱƵòҰƾֻ֣ܲϱ֮Կ
ۣ
͵أһƱӰֻܽһƬɺѪˮӭ͵һܿſԼߵһͬݺݵɳȥʺһĿĵѪ
룡
һµȲеĵһǿߣΪϣһλҫڻ֮սĵ죬ɵ
جУض޷ܵĳش
ɶ񣡸Ķҹ͵Ϯʲô£
ӰܽŭˣһͷڷĿѣ࣬ɱŭ
սڳû˻ӦӰֻܽϯϽܼͿ񱩡
꣬ء
ϽΪƣɱ
ǽƲܹӵУ֮ͬУżΪɲĶɱ
£ӰܽļкŭܿͱޱȵײûһƬҡ
ϸȥѷսҰѽһ𣬷õˮ©˷ϮɱϽѽѷ֡
ܿ죬һ־ͱơ
·һɲ֮䣬ԭ羪ױϽȫʧͻȻľֹ棬õòҰ˲㶼ûӦɫҲ֮ɲ
̳أԳҵʱԲڲľԳɻҽعѣ¶޴ѷ죬Ŀ꣬Ŀġ
һУ·˵ŸղһοֲϮĿ¡
Ȼʱȴһ˲ʧʼֵټδͲòҰ˵ɫǱޱȡ
һϮȻʧλͬսѣȴ˭֪ԲҰǶһޱȵĴ
ӹɣ϶ǳϫ飡
Ұҧгݣǻм͸ޱȵĺ⡣
ѾشΪλܹӳսҪ֪ǿ߸ˣ
ӰܽɫѿһƬ
߸ˣλ£һκĲһϮǵûͻΧȴԷ½ɱͬ飬ֱ޷ܡ
սлҪǿࡣ
̩߳̾˿üͷһ֣ͨһսᵽһ˿Ϣ
Էڱǣ϶ûȥԶڰڿ̽ǡ
ѩԼɫȴ˪ϸҲͬΪһĨУһɱ˵ɱ֮⡣
һ仰˽Զһڱ֮ǰ֮͵Ϯ
һʱ֮䣬ղЩš
˵ز˾뿪ж
գ̩ڡ
ҲѱЩգ±ڲҰ´Ҵ뿪Ƭ
ֻͷأһ˿ǳϫǷڰȻǣ


ڲҰһ뿪ûãһѪɫӰȻһƬսС
һͷͷѪɫӰߡ
ˣǼһԭһԪеĵھӦߣץʥһĻʼؿԴӳ˯ѹ
ͷͳ͸һ޷ڸǵ˷ܡ
һĹͣ˵׼˱ƾ˹ͣһ̤֮زܳĲѪ


2113 겻ɢ
Ѫ
ۣӦѪﷺһĨһš
ûһͣò˶ãҲն̤һƿ֮ϲѪ
Ӧ˫ָӰƽˮԴȴһ־ڱصõ֮
߰ɣĪҪЩ߶ˡ
ӦⲽǰȥѪɫҡҷйճһĨʺĹ⡣
ˣҪȥѵȥԸǸӦˣɾ̫ϧˡ
ͷһŷֳӦ׷Ѱķ򣬲Ӧ뿪ķ
һ仰ӦٿȻ㣬Բ԰׵ϷһĨͣ죡
һڣӦʱһŷԼƺһ˿ꡣ
ͷŵûһӴȮڵأֲ̿ɲӦΪηŭ
СӺΣգȻˣֱңȥɱػᷢϲıʡ
һӦľֹ±Ŷ߹ƽ˵ѪһѪдԤ֪츳Ӧ߸ҵĸоܲѰ
ͷȻǺλѪһ츳˵ѪһԤ֪δݳ֮֮
񣬳ӦȻһ˵ӦԤ֪һ˿ͬѰΣգõͷҲǸеⲻѡ
ģ֤ԻһӦһ˲õǿ
߰ɣոһЩͷ­̱ǰ߱ߵءֻӵ㹻Ѫҿ˵İ壡
ĮƽУӦӰ˸ʧ
ͷҲæȥ

ϫӰ˸ڵɭУ̫δ֪գڽĲ̽£һо󶼱ޱȣ޷ϫκжϵϰ
ʶУһֱңңԶĲҰ˵ټ
һ̵ĳϫһĨƮӰȻ׷ţûзκһ˿졣
ڽĸ£·;һЩʳߡҲûвϫĴڣȻ
Դ̡֮֮֮󣬳ϫ֮ܵѱĨ
Ȼ߲˿Ե쳣ˣò˶ãһжᱻ޸ϡ
ڱ˵ľѨϡѪǣȴҪһʱ޸ˣϾǵ̫أ˼򣬼κգɻָȴǶʱܰ쵽ġ
ˣղϮҰһʱԲֻܽɱô򵥡
һ뵽£ϫвһ˿źղŵĻܲȫʢʱڵȫаɱĶ֣ΪƣϫҲòرȫս
ϾɭпɲֻвҰһˣܾڴ˵صͽԼʳߡ
һ߷ɶݣϫԺиֳйػ֮սϢ
ǰμӻ֮սʱ丸ԣ֮սսߡ
һսλڵԴΧս߸ǷΧ㣬಻Ԥ֮أͽʱ˭Ҳ޷ȷڵһսߵһС
ɭ֣ϫδἰȻĳԴʱδŲƵɭڡ
һսߵһУеĲս߶½ǰ߱ߵء
߱ߵأλڵһսߵĺĵΪһսǻһĲսߣһĲսߣԶ߱ߵϱģѪս
بÿ㿪һεĻ֮սѾ˲֪ٴΣ߱ߵϵĴģսʤ
УһƬѪʬȼӢ֮Ŀֲ򣬳Ѫȷ磬ؼ価սŭʹİ
ûս־ᶨ֮Ƕ޷սѪ֮ѹȵġ
ͬս־ԽǿսֶԽǿᣬ߱ߵлñĿԵ񱦣Ҳнƾ
Ҫǣܹ߱ߵսһֶԲսսĿ϶һѵõ
ΪֻҪܹ߱ߵл޷ͻƽ뻤֮սĵڶսߣպ󷵻ʱҲΪһָĴ޺ʹ͡
νϫأںΨһһͽ
߱ߵϣϣܹѰٵ
ʶϫѾϣȽ˲ҰһˣͿʼǰ߱ߵС
ţ
ϫȻüͷһ壬һĨӰٿȻֹȻһĸߴ
ھϫǧ֮⣬Ұһ㣬ɫԶЩɲ
ս׼Ѿȷһ·һֱ˸ţ
̩ڡ
һͣĸԭ򣬲ֹ̩ҲһĨӰ̩һ֪˱׷ٵϢ
ǸС飬ֱ겻ɢѵΪڰǾκβˣ
Ұɫݺѡ
֮ǰϫһ͵Ϯֻնɱͬô򵥣ҪǶǵʿ˼һ뵽ƾλ֣ûκγϫϫӰӶûоͲɱظеһݳء
ǶѰˣսǷḻ֮᲻׳ϫܹ쵽һζʲô
ϫأҰǶȻκһ˿ȥ׷ɱϫ뷨
˵ҲǱųϫпֲܿסͷҰǲûжĴ㡣
ȻڣƵķչȴϣϫƹ֮㣬겻ɢ׷һĲֵļƣòҰҲһɻ
ԭǴҸƧȫĵطһ¶ԲߣȻٽһж˭룬ϫǻȻһ˿ϢĻᣡ
ֱ̫
ӰܽȰ಻ס߳ϫͳαزͷβˣ
˷ԶԶɢ
˽Զս׼Դ
ɳãûһ˿ӦһƬ
ϫӦߣ㲻Ҳãȴ˴λ֮սһҪһ𣬽ǳ峹ײˣ
Ӱܽ޵һƬ࣬ϴȣֱܹ׷٣ʱĵĸоͷ·ͷһУ֪ʲôʱͻֱһּ尾
а취ܹӰ
ҰĿѩ
УǷϵ츳֮ġԿŵһñ漣ȴû취ŵϫζӦһżΪǿĲ䷨ţҪڡ֮ġ֮ϣ
ѩɿ˵ԸϣҲò˵ʵ
ʲô
˽ԶһǿǶϵ츳С֮ġжôĲ˼飬ȴطҲ޷׽ϫӰβģ
ѵû취Ƴˣ
Ұɫޱȡ
˽ԶĬԣһʱձóޱȣ·̡
һƬУһŶͳƴԶŨдѾ;ǣǱ΢ͷ­ȥѰǸӦ߿ɺã


2114 
һ޳Ӱ߳
Բ԰׵գ͸ѪȷĴһĨǳǳ΢ЦŶݡ
һ۷ʥ֮һλѪĳӦ
֣ҰֻһĲһˣһƬǿдµѪѪΪһƬѪɫ磬
䣡
Ұ˻һѪܿɲ׻궼Ϊ֮ڡ
䣬޲һǿҵΣС
ͬΪɺȻͳӦһȣԷֳ˼Ĳࡣ
츳ʵƵĲ࣬ͬһУԲͬĲ
Ҳֻͳ衢˿ССڤ׺ԨȿܹͳӦԿҰǣȴԵ̫Ȼʧɫ
ǳ޷ԣ
һ̵ĳӦһգԻޣ£Ұ˵Ĺâȫڸס
Ӳˣ
Ұ˵ѽ˼£ܵһŨҶѪȵĿɲɱϣһֻҪһ˿иעһ
ǲԴÿ˵ɫضĻ뵽ûаѳϫƳһͽһеĿֲɫ
˵ԭǱʶΪ׷߲ǳϫһ
Ұ˲Ҷ룬ٷģӦǵѹ̫ÿ˶ᵽһв
Ҳһ̣ǲźȻ֣ԭΪԼѾǾеĶǺͳӦһȣȴԵ֮ƽӹ
ȷǾϵĲ࣬츳ơ־ɵľ룡
ӦһֹݶţǵЦ޿ޣͷ·һλڸ㡣
ÿһҰǵı㲻Ƶس鴤һ£ܵѹһ֡
ȥɻ᳹ױ̲סȥ֣
ȴǣʱκһ˶֣һܵԳӦǿ
ؼžʧʱ綳ᣬֱ羲ֹĻУӦɲ쳯Ұǿ
ڣھҰֻʮɾʱӦ㲻ǰһѪͫһһӹͺԼ㣬һֵĮơ
Σ׳ͷ­ȥǸӦߡ
Ӧ˹˵
һƬҪ˶ɵѪƿʮ
Ұ˵ѿһ֣б޾֮⣬λȴȫԷѹƣָоɴδ
û˿ڣڱζпܻḶΪصĴۡ
óӦЩȻҡͷЩϼһ˵öԣǻһĲսУȼ֮⣬˶ֻñʧ
ϣ
Ӱܽв֪ʱһǹһ̷һѰ಻סŭź
һǹԽֱϢиԵüΪ̶òҰ˶пһһá
ӰܽƺҲʶףȻɷס
Ҳһ̣ӦһѪɫӰܽϣĿͨѪͨź˵Ĺ⡣
Ӧ͵ͷ֮ʯҲ֮ҩڱУٲûһЩʹͣڣͷ­Ǳܹҫ
˵ţҲͼһֻԲ԰͸һ赭дķʽСժȥ
ͺҪժһƬҶһ˵ȻȻζ
һĻҰУȴǻѪҺܵһֲִ
һȷƽȴһ־ڱصõƣ̺Ŀֲ֮⣬Ƕȥܣ
Ӱܽ˿Ȼ㣬ɾ䱸֮ȴƺûע⵽һĿɲ֮
Σգ
ҰĶɤֻۣҪֻ£Ӱܽؽڽӣ
Ȼʱ̣ӦȻüͷһ壬̽ȥָȻڰ;ջأ͵תֳԶȥһѪѲƽһĨŭ
䣡
ڳӦֵһɲǣǧɭУһϽֱ񷣬ͻͺƴ󣬹
Ͻʵʣܻطͼڷ
ͬʱһƬѪӳӦϯΪѪɫǳ֮ϣʺ죬޷ԶһƬϽԲԿĴơ

Ұ˶ʱоһɣŨɱĸоٿȻõǽסһŸо½Ѿ亹͸
Ǿ͹˲ЩĿ⿴˿ʮⱳǵĳӦֿ˿ǧһͨϹ⣬нסݣɫò
ǺղԶļһͷųϢóӦӦвʶɱӰܽж
ͬҲˣӦŻǵɱһעԶǼһϡ
ز£ǼһȻǳϫ
ΪҪʱڹؼʱ̻ӰܽһΣѵһ֮ǰĳޣ
Ұ벻ףҲеЩ죬κһˣ˺ͳϫһ¶ǱӦɱƫƫأһȴس֣ҾӰܽһΣֱòҰǶеЩͲ˼顣
ˣҰ˿ɾ˶мϫˣʱΣ֮ǵ˼ʱͲóӦͳϫչһɱôЩ˱ˡ
һ뵽ַͨʽɱϫɱһλͽе۷ʥᣬҰ̲סЩ
˿ӰܽѹԼղһɵĽѣס׹ߡ
ھĳϫͬеЩЩȻһΪʲôҪô

Ϊʲô
ӦƽڣŴݡ
ҵ
ǧ⣬ϫǳĮ

Ұɫ䣬֮ɫԭһֹ֮ӦȻǰר
ӰܽҲ΢΢ҧء
һԴϵļһɱǣǵڰȥһҪֻ֣豾ɱ֮ٶҲ٣ʱܼһˣϾɱ֮ҲпܻˣһЩ𣿡
Ӧ˵ѪⷭҵѪɫǳ貣ӿſɲѪȡ
ɼˣԶͨϽɲҡҲʢ嫲ɱӡ
óӦУԷִҪˡ
ҲҪ˰ҽ
ȻϫĻشԥƽȴ͸һɲɵζ
ӦסЦѪƵͫоѪס̾Ϣ֪Ǻͱɱһտ»ᱻЩ˼һˡ
˵ţźۼƳһĲҰˣϽס΢΢һ䣬䱸ʮ㡣


2115 ƹ
ݵĳĬ󣬳ϫٴ𣺡˵ĲҺҿսǿ϶ǻѡһԸ㡣
Ϊʲô
Ӧü
ΪǲֹԻһĲսߣҪǺܵжء
ϫشƵᣬ£ɰһɱ㣬ҲһԸҡ
һҰ˶Уɫһ䣬ΪǸղҲģֻûϵϫһ̹̾Ȼ˵ܻԼ˵ʵ
ӦسĬƬ̣ǵЦȴŨˣһĨ̾ζѪʵԤ֪츳߱һֵñԴһ֡
ǡ
ӦѪɫͫȻһĨɱ̧һӡ
䣡
ԶͨϽƲʲôȻʱգߺХǧɵľ룬ҲһɲĹ
ɾһɲԳӦȲεĴڶԣȴѾһġ

Ѫƾո֣һֲƥеķʽҰһ˵Ӱȫû
ң
ҲڴʱϽԺȻϮ˺ʱգݺݺڳӦϡ
ء
ӦֵӰȴǱĵ˳߰ɡ
ֻһǵûκδܸУ¶һظЦ⡣
Ͽûбҵ飡
ӦЦһָһ࣬һѪܵͷ­ǺȻǲҰһеһǿߵ׼
ϫϣ߱ߵм㣬ɵûţһλ֮սǻٺܶȤ
ЦУӦһĨѪӰһ˸ƾʧѰٲһ˿ټ
һжļ죬ӳӦ֣ѪӸǲҰһˣٵϫֱֹӦһͷ­ߣڶ̶˲ɣò˼顣
Ѱڴˣֻ·Ǹоۻ˲ɡ

ɶ񣡡
һŭһƬѪӺȻ飬¶Ұһ˵ӰֻǵɫȴһƬһĨԻȥľ¡
ڵϣһͷʬ壡
ǵͬ飬һԻһµȲеľǿߣȴת֮䣬ɥ
һ뵽ղųӦʱǾǶ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܣֱӱһƬѪӸǣҰоͽסƾһɴֲ
ͽһ۷ʥ᾿ǿ󵽺εȳ̶ȣܹɰ쵽һ
Ǻܿ죬Ǿ͹˲ö룬ΪҰУһεӰѴԶ
Ϥ忡ӣԨԼǳȻʣΨһͬǣһ̵ĳϫɫĮú
һལᶨݣ޾֮ÿһĿɨеˣס۾ʹ类и
Ұ˴˿ѺԼľŭ¡Ȼ֮
ǵɫ쳣ѿӦǿѾʶˣϫܹڸղźͳӦϿ⣬ƵóӦòݱܷâתȥɴ˱ɼϫ㸺ˣҲлҪǿһЩ
ΪҪǣѾȷһ㣬ΪǰãǵͬɥԳϫһϮУ
ΨҰɻǣΪγϫ⵽̵֮Ϯ֮ȴֵܹڣһܹӳǿս
֮̿ߴ֮һ
˵һǵ֮ʴҲƻʱڸ޷ָ
񣬳ϫȴɺúõģδ̫˼ˡ
ΰ쵽һģ
Ұǲ²һϵе쳣Զ֪ҪԸĶΪλϵȲ̫Ͻ̵עˡ
һ뵽ҪԸľһ̬ӦߣҰЩڵΪλӦ´¡
ɺȻʱѾˡ


ųϫⲽĽŲûзκڲҰǶУȴװ𵴣Ϊ֮
ͬʱһɼϢɱҰǻһֱâʹĸо
̩͵سϫ֮ǰһжᣬҵȽԶԻһԴУԵһ¶⣬ȥЩͽɱֻЩͽ
᣿
ϫĮԣ˵ǺЦǶôס
ǰС
ϫ޶ԣ̩סһҳϣ֮ǰһ󣬾ǲϺ̫Ͻ̵İţϣ㲻ҪƽЩ󣬵ȴӻ֮սغǻΪηµĴ󸶳ӦĴۣ㣬Σ
˶٣ҴӽԺǷٲκβ飬ûнⲻĳԹͿĴǷ㹻ˡ
ȷһ˵Ľ飬κһֻ¶ؿһϫûС
ɱź㶨Ĳһš
òҰɫǱѿֱ޲ʲô˾ͺͳϫƴˣǸǣôĻֻ㡣
Ѿʧͬ飬ȴѾˣѵ㻹⣿
ڣӰ̲ܽסڣдһĨŭ
ৣ
һ̣ϫֹĿƽӰܽǺӿӰܽһڣɫһһס
ǵǶ𣬶Դӱƭôһø֮ѾԸеκһˡ
ϫĮڡ
һ仰Ӱܽɫװȥ
֪һƴ»˵׼˭˭Ӯһ˵ȫĶ֣ҲضΪ˸صĴۣ
Ұ俪ڣյɭУѵͲĸղǸһɱûҪ
һԾ֪ˡ
ϫشĺܼ򵥣Ұǿȥ
֮ǰĳӦھԸҰһʱͬҲˣ죬ƺż֡
ֻҪϸ۲죬ͲѷֳӦ֮ôȫΪлһϫڡ
񣬳ϫͬ쿿ҰһˣΪʲôѵпɱĳӦ
һ̵ĲҰֻʣˣѿǲô࣬ųϫĿϵѹѾòȫ֮š
ͬʱѾκͼһͻ뷨Ϊӳϫϣѿ޻ء
ƴÿ˶תȫĹңȴһʱ١
Ҳųϫһ
ͬڳϫʮʱҲٿȻ㣬Ŀ⳯һȥ
ѾܳʱˣȷҪһֱ
ƽȴشﵽԶ
һɲǣҰһ㵣ĿⲻԾǱȥȴֻܿһƬʲôҲҲ֪κδڡ
Ҫô֤ûˣҪô֤һλȫܹŵǿڣ
ǣҿԸһҹƽĻᡣ
һȳϫƽҲĮȻԶ𣬷ûʲôֵģʶһ˿㡣
ͬҲԲǳӦ


2116 ת
֪ʱԶ类һֻδֲ
ǧ֮⣬һӰһϮ£һѪǹǹ̿գǹӡһĨѪɫһֻѪͫҪѪ
ǣһ·ˣi֮ͦһƬɽˮ֮飬˳ȾȻ˫
ӰҰ˾ǲһ¶һĨɫ
ͳ裡
ô
ϵȲеķӳһ㱻ϹǹѪ񷡱ѡΪ̳ˣҲΪΨһһáѪ񷡱ϿɵϺᣡ
ʱͳٲȻѳΪеһˣһս֮ǿϵȲǿУҲֻ˿ڤ׺ССȼ˲ܺȼ磡
Ǻҫﲻͬǣͳ輫Ϊ͵ӲٳҰС
һˣһǹһƬרٵġȾѪŵսɱսǿ˺εȳ̶ȡ
Ϊ𾪵ǣͳгԼĴ֮⣬鶼Įġ
ֹƹضμ˴˴λ֮սʱȻɭУìͷֱָϫȥõòҰ˶һεĸо
˵һͳҪӳϫоһΣ´ػĸУûһ˻ˣ
Ͼ֪ͳһֻרԼ磬һжӲĵĿ
ܿ죬Ұ˾ϲǿǺڻ֮ս֮ǰϵȲһͬһϫ
ϵȲ֮һϵĲսͳڴˣȻΪնɱϫ
һҲ͵ڼӵذǻԳϫв
òҰβϲ˷ܣ
ҲֻסֿϲΪ˿̳ϫֻʮɣͳ軹δ֣ǿɲʱκβԼľٶ

ͳ裡
ͬʱϫҲϳߣֻУͳȴԵúܲͬ
һϮۣ·ˣiͦӣЩ磬ڣȴݷһԨ纣ĿֲϢ
Ǽᶨִŵս־һֳȻ˫츳ԣһڷ籩ۣ֮ƽʵһŭᱬأʮֵĻ
ǿһλ֣
ϫУǺǳӦԱȣƺͳһ˿ԼҲɵϢ
ϫӦͳȫֲͬԸҲߵȫͬĵ;ҲֻͨĽֳܷߵһжϣ档
Ҫҹƽ
ݵĳĬ󣬳ϫƽʵ
ǣұλᡣ
ͳĿһȻͨƴӿɱϫ
һ仰ͿԿͳ䲻һУרעԼĴϣɲζͨʺԴǽеǻۡ
һҲǣܹزģһѰ֮ˣ
仰ҲòҰŵĳ׷£֮ǰԳӦµĳϫһձâڱľ¸УʱΪͳԴ¶ľȻ̬ȣڸеһ־ΥİȫС
ͳǿĳֳȻ̶ʱһһжԲ޷ԤӰ
ɶڴˣϫȴǺԥӦأ
ͳƮҷ̧Ὣͷ˵ȻĿƺУֱ˺ѳա
Ҳھɱ㡣
εɱս㣬ȻƬأһʱ︩֮ףǬױ䡣
һУϫָеĽһͳֹڳС
ʵԺЩһϣֱЧ
ϫüƺЩ⡣
Ұ˽ԶȻǸղҲģֻҪͳ֣ҲȻԹˣĻԿϫκһ˿ء
ղûͽɱǣͬʱ̶ǿ
ͳԴֱӣֱܣƶڣҵĵߡ
ϫ˵ͷˣ´ʱһһϵ
˵գתȥǲҰǣͬҲûпͳһۡ
ˣƽݡ
ֱϫӰʧԶУͳֽ̧Լĳ⿪ֱóȻƽ
Ϊʲôûɱ
ǰǼһƣʱԳӦߣ
ҰЩľôųϫ뿪̲סʵ
ͳɨһۣȻеʧÿнԶһɺɫ΢䡣
ͳͬתȥ
Ƿһ飬⻤֮սУͼϡ
ĮȻƽһ˿鲨ͳӰʧ
һӣҰɫһãǿ͸ͳôģЩҲֻš
˭һͳ裿
Σһվǻˡ
ӰܽԳһЦ
ô죿
̩ȴü
ԳϫжҲˣǡǼһĶ֡
ҰһЩɬεȷòϵС
˽ԶĬȻ
һ·ϵպѪȣϫ֮ǿĲսҲȻѡ
һһҲֻͳܽɱɣ
ðΣѩü̾Ϣǣ֮սûн˼ƻζųϫʹ˷ǡ
Ұɫʱһ顣

ɭϫСĽӰųһü֮¶һĨ
֮ǰͳӦԿȴԷ⧲֮ժһͷ­ݶȥ
ȻֺͳԿȴòɱҰжת뿪
һжоգһжһƽķʽɳϫԼӵ۷ʱڵսˣ
ȻӦǿͳҲǿ˽ԶǾ׿ȻȺĸɶԳϫԣȴ̸жôֵüɵˡ
Լսģ
û֪ɽչصУϫѾߵ˾еԲҲûĵΪΪһֿǰĸ߶ȣ
Ҫ֪껹һλʱѾ˳еľһ˳µԪ
ֻźǣϫܲҵڸոսɭֵĵڶ죬͵Ϯһٱ֮شս죬Ҳ֮ǰĴûжٰ
ܿ죬ϫҡҡͷٶ룬֮Ѿ֮ɣڵ֮Ҳһɶڣò˶ãȻԳ׻ָ
ʱϫҪӦͳﻹҲԼǰţ
ˡ
ͬһʱ̣ɭضļ̳͵ӿһѪ⣬ӦŤͷ˿ԶЦӦߣ߱ߵص㣬һҪ
˵ţ̤ѪУȻʧ
һϼ̳¹ڳš


2117 ߱ߵ
أϫֻһС
أ
ȻһʳǻҹӰгɻδͱһĨʺĽΪ꣬Ȼ󱻽ϸǵѪ⼳ȡ
ϫͷҲأǰȥ
ϴͳ֮Ѿȥʱ䡣
ʱУϫһֱһƬɭдһսһ޸ơ
Ƭɭеʳкܶ࣬ʤթûӵŲѷɫܡ
ڳϫĽ֮£ȴԵֽ㲻һ
ܹ쵽һ֮ҪãȻǡаϳϫսɱȻ練ơ
ÿɱһͷʳߣ֮ͻἳȡһֵ֮Ȼһƴ潣֮ڡ
񣬵֮һξӨ͸Ѫ飬ڼȡڶʳ֮ѱòȻһʥĽɫ
δ󣬵̺ȴǰЩ̡֮һѪԲɱ䣬ԼԿϸ˿ĽɫѭԵǳ
ųϫɱԽԽʳߣ֮ȡԽԽ֮һѪһֻͷɱš
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Ѫȷأǵ֮а֮µһɹɴں϶ɡ
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Ҳóϫжϳֻ֮ɵ֮ɱЩ̺а֮ʱܲϽɱ䡣
ҲӲ֤һɻ̫Ͻþ취ͼȥĵ֮ȷӵŲ˼֮

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ճϫƲ⣬ͽԻһĲսߣԶѾ߱ߵءȥ
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֮䣬˷ͳһӰܿƬжͷ顢ѪʳᣬҲѪþħѪһĺᡣ
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˺ӣبȥδ֮䣬ԽبŻԪʼĩᴩ뾭γһмдķ룡


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෢Ůૣһ˵Ŀܺϲá
ȻһɲǣϾ͵һ䣬ԶĳϫͻȻʧˣ
㻳ԼǲۻˣһԼз
һڵľʹӿȫ̲סͷһͿһѪɫԼŹᴩأѪ
ô
෢ŮȻҲǰһͷ˾ͺȻأΪƬսϵһ߱ʬ
ں󷽣һУȴûпϫʲôʱԼߵģʲôʱһ෢Ůӵıġ
ֱһĻ͵ؾѣȻëȻ׹ߣ뵽ǸղԼҲô³ҲŮһ
һ뵽ͽס˸
߰ɡ
ϫɫ֮ǰĮһѰ飬ȡŮµıתŮ˵ʬ峯ǰȥ
ޡ
γѣæȥֻϫӰĿѾˣһɵ
ʱƣϫһ·ٶնɱͽһľɱˣѾ޷ϸ㡣
Ψһϫϲǣ֮ٶһ̺һ˿Ϣġ֮顱
֮⣬һ·ϳϫû෢ŮӵӰ죬½ִӵоͬһӪĲսߡ
ҺãûٷҪԳϫͼı顣
Ҳ֪˶ãȻؼ쳹һޱȵս֮𵴾ʮء
ͬʱһɿֲ񷽵٣ɱ˫Ӫһݣͣж
ܹһʵʵΪĻ߱ߵϣټһǡ
һ̣ϫҲܵһѹޱȵϢõһֲжľ¸С
ͣսʱڵˡ
ˣĽȴǳһظ


2121 Ӫ
ܻΪĻ߱ߵ֮ϡ
һĬ㣬ɱ˫Ӫֹ֣սһʱԵΪž
Щ޷ʴӣϾ֮ǰսƴź죬սףһƬ֮ԱȣͻأֵļžЩ졣
ϫԶһһĲսһһͷͷ­ɵĻʱʱһŷϣջǷȻսתȥ
һĻƬսÿһС
ǻһǿߣһǿߣսٷڣٲʣĻ֮£֣
˫Ӫǿ߿ʼ糱ˮ׷׳Ժȥ
óϫȻʵǼսᷢʲô
Ĩɱ޽ҡ
ɿ
ԭˡ
ϫУŽ˳ڻһȥ
Ҳʱ򣬳ϫŷԼɭŲƵƬ߱ߵʱǳһĴأһ·ĳɱǵڿ˻һڵս
ˣ´οսȡȹ
Ӽסˣ´ƬţӲɱ޵Ĩɱ
ǺǣôĿ
Űɣǣ
·ϣϫһ˲ʱһЩһͽ˴䶼һɱ޲ھ˶ԷȴֻܶһԶԶ֣ղ
ЩáϫȻᣬԹǰȥǵûзɣ
ȣϫɲԸʹ˷ڻһӪУɴʱȴòˡ
Ϊսһ·ϵĽͣͣսʱκͼսеǿߣ췣ɱ
ҲֻܺǼһˡ
ϫһĨԺֳһӰͳ衢СС˿Ҳбڤ׺Ԩ
һӰԶϫԺ֮⣬κһ˿뷨
ڳϫߵĽȻüԴɻؿһ۳ϫıӰһɲȻֳϫƺˣ̫Ԩɲ⡣
ûãԶƽϳһƬϵĽһƬʽϣÿһԶǧɸߣһɽ㡣
ͨڣԶԶһһİ߲ɣϢب֮ǰѾ߷ѪȣʶԵ쳣֮ׯΡ롣
ǻһʱӪأ

˷вϷһһʱղӳֳһǿߵӰ
ЩԶԻһĲսߣһ֣㲻ԼͬԶĹȺȥ
˴Ҵʲô
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ڴĹ£ʮÿһнԶӵһأ޸ƣԶܹ𵽲˼á
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ɲһһЩµȲĲսߣȡսռƣĸҺЩеȡϵȲĲսṬ
ͻȻԱߵһ߿ڡ
ǱϫµĲս֮һսϣԻһµȲϡ
սϫµĲսߣϽһ£ˣ˿̶ڳϫһǰӪظȥ
սϵ͸һɲһΣȷռӪϣµȲĲսߣҲû취ЩеȡϵȲĲս߾
һȥȡĿɲֹһˣһ壡
Ҳô˵ϵȲĲս߹ʻռеȲʮҲ͵ռʮһ㣬ʣʮȥᡣ
æһϫеȲϣʶе㵣սϵĻŭ˳ϫ
ȻֵĶˣϫԴ˸ûʲôӦ
ϫĿһֱһƬҰбӪأɫĮ˭Ҳ֪˼ʲô
Ӫд˿Ѿ˲ӰһմսзأأԴŨҵѪȺɱ
ƣڵչ֫Ҳ˷ȻڱԹմûܶɱһЩͽɫɫһ㡣
ϫǾεӰӪԶʱȻӪĿע⡣
ЩĿоȡк桢ҲɱһЩǿ߸Լ˼ϸڵЦƿŰ㡣
һĿ⣬ϫƻȻ㣬ԹԳǰȥ
ɽ˾ͲˣӪշ΢仯һһԥ
ǳϫսϾȹǵǾԻԥͳϫľ룡
ǲΪѣҲΪҶҪߣڱ뿪סûκв߿Ц˼
ǰߵĳϫȻ㣬ͷҲص
һ仰˶һҲû˵ʲôҴƿϫһ뵽ǰӪС
ǻ˿ԼȵЩһһûйԼȥŲɣϫȴԵúƽƸûнһзϡ
ڳϫЩһֻҪҧһѾϲˣ治ȥȥǿ
óϫһôߣ
ʵΪʲôҪߣ
ϫͷƳһۣϣ㲻Ҫڡ
ʼѾ൱һΣȻȣȻΪʲô
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ǳϫƬӪزӭ㣬ԣ㻹ǸϽʡñ̲סɱˣ
̧°ͣȻ
һƣһвΣԵͱ֮
ӪظһЩս߽Զ¶һĨϷ֮ɫֻһɿֵģ
Щս߽ԶսһľǿߣϹУǺ绽ľ뢴ڣǿȻ̫ˣ෴һһ˼ܣı㡣
ǴʱϫʵʶѡϹۡ
еȲӦɽϵӦɽ°ֶѪᡣ
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ӦɽƣǽĽͣϫƶδ㣬ɱһֶеĽ࣬ǰȥ
ϫٲȻԼĴڣӦɽɫʱһüѣҲǴ֮ȫҲ̽һ³ϫķӦǱֳκһ˿ηԻԥɱԷԷֵǿޱȣͻ·ұܿͳϫĳͻ
û뵽ǣϫʼʼնһĮȻģȻûһ˿
Ӧɽһ˿ס


2122 

ϫĽŲ죬Ƹûп֮վһеȲľǿߡ
ɫһʼû¶κһ˿ɱ
Χȴ֪ʱ𣬱üžޱȣѻȸóƣһִϢС
Ŀⶼһ˿΢仯һĻƽȴյ˼¡
ϫӰӦɽʣһɾʱӦɽɫڷһ˿仯һĨɫ
һȻɱӦɽƣڲһͷѱŭԶޣҪ˶ɡ
һɲǣԭŵεɱ籩ǰҪ
Χ˶סĿһգգڳϫӦɽϡ
֪ʱӪжӰԶɫ䵭עһĻž
ڳϫߵĽȻоЩڸ΢΢ЩܵһĪѹֺͽš

ϫĿɱź㶨׼Ķؽ࣬һɵľ룬Ҳѡ
ȴ籩ۣ֮գɱ٣
ϫ̤һɾĵһʱӦɽͫʳһĨŨҷڵµɱ⣬һĻɽ
ڴˣϫƻȻԹ̤˵ڶżصһɲǣע⵽Ӧɽָڲײضһ£һϮ޷졣
ʱ򣬾ǿ߽ԶϢΪϫӦɽ֮䣬ֻʣһ֮ң
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ѰһǿߣԶκ˿
Ϊľζŵģգ
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һУϫһ㷴ӦûУԹԵسǰȥʼնûбۿһӦɽһΣ
ƽݵģѶһָĪζ
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Ȼ⼸֮Ǳڵɱͽ棬ȴһԾˡ
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ܿ죬ϫͽһǰһѾӪʧҰС
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ֱʱҲ͸ղһĻо̲ȴһֱӦɽδܣȻǽˣ
ûãɢȥֻʣӦɽһ˹ǣӰѪɫԵ쳣ɪ

ð֮Ӧɽ͵ش˸ٴϢϺɫϤȥһĨ԰ȡѲӿһĨ¡
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٣Ǿ;鳰ŪɣԼᵽһĿ£֪ʲôкڣ
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ֻУѾûκһ˿ȥƳϫͷһ̫ΣգԶԶܿΪ

һƬӪռؼΪؼ䣬κڣʮϺɫп
УϫʱоĻѾʧ֤ʱƬӪвȫ
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ϫĿĵƬӪǰУղ·Ӧɽʱҡҡͷ
ڸղţȷɱģֻҪӦɽκһ˿ȫչһһɱˣԴɱӺ帽սߡ
źǣӦɽҲһֲ͹ϱܿõóϫҲֻһɱ
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ǽӲߵ˭ˣ˵ţҪ˦ϫ
ɾڴʱϫͫȻһĨĹǽӵʱһܵһԵĴֲжԽͣɫò


2123 Ṭ

ֱϫӰʧҰУǽŷӦɫޱȡ
ڸղţڳϫĿע£вһֱǿҸоȴ̼֮£ʶ˵˳ϫҪ˽顣
Ҳǲʱ򣬽ӲŷԼղűֵľ˲Ȼֱӱס
һ̽ҲԼ˸ղӦɽΪλֵʧϫȷ̫ˡ

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ڳϫջûסʳ
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ˣ
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ݺҡҡͷٶ롣
ܿ죬ϫһŽյĹǰ㣬ԼĪǧɸߣͨڣŹϰ߲Ϣ
Žգζѱռݣһվĵģռݴ˴ǿ߼Ϊû˸ǰðȻȥĹȨ
ڣϫˡ
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ˣˣˣ
󣬴һɶصĽ࣬ڶоһΪĸо
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Ұǻ˵Щһͳϫսǿ޷֤ܹռסһ
ΪսܶϫߣǴȥŽж˵ˣҲ޷ܵġ
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ʱ򣬳ϫֱӽ׸Ұǵݺϣһɳġ
仰ƽȴ¶һĨζ
ҰһӹϫƣʵѾ̲סЦϫǽɱսȻҺǱƴѵӻ˲ɣ
һ̣Ӱܽѩ˵ĴҲһĨ΢̵ĻȣҲ̩̣нס岻ѡ


2124 ɨس
̩Ľܼ򵥣ҪͳϫƴսһĹ
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ΪӰܽѩҰǶ֮ǰͽɱսУɱ˲֪ٵĵˣлλͽеľǿߣ
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ڴˣϫ޶ԣֻǽĿƽشҰ˵Ӱ˺ߵĹС
˵ĸоͷ·ԼõսƷ㡣
̩нסһգһﻹǲײĲᣬ˼£
ɽƬ̣Ǿע⵽ʱ䶼ȥʮʱȻ㲻ʲôɶԲҰȲεĸֶԣֻȥ˶һЩսĿòôá
ôˣ
̩˹˲ȥͳŪϫĿҰһõҲһ
ֻ֪ʱ𣬲Ұɫѽͫ룬ܹıϢü罩ӲǣųϫƵָѾ΢΢ס
̩еʱһӰеЩ
ԶЩԹ۵һǿʱҲյĹŹ֣вֹɣѵڱƴսϣҰĸҲܱȲϫ
ĻǲҰǿɶ˶ˣ
֣ôãΣ
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̩ƤײߵĲҰȴѪɫʣֳһĨȻͲʡ
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ȻһֱһԲĳϫĿڲҰϣˡ
Ұһɫòղŵȷһǿҵĳ嶯޲ܽƻٵ
ɴʱϫĿⶢţҰûɸܵһϢǿΣգõǲҶ
Զ˼ˣԶסȻѾ³˽޷󣬳ϫȡ˺εսòҰ˼һҲûȣ
ˡ
ҰȻɬ͸޾ʡ
ˣ
ѾµɵҰʱ̩׻޷ܡ
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ӰܽһһѶƣϵսǽ޵ҲȻɷףͫţأૣôܣһôӵôսⲻܡ
ಣ
ӦѾϫ޷ĶԷ߳ŭ֮£׻ơ
Աߵ̩ͷѩһۣԶһ֪̾ȥ޻ء
ֻҲЩȻϫ˶սȻ˼û֮Աȣ
Ȼˣ
Զͷ𶯣˲ȥЦҰǣǷ׷״ϫսĿ
Ƕԣսһбô򵥣Ҳһֶһٵƾ֤
սܹһǿӵеսǿ˺εȵز
սԽ࣬ζսԽǿǲʵǹϵһ׼
Ͼܹ˴λ֮սģ޲Իһе̳ÿһӵžʵ
ͬһУҪжϳ˭սǿսĿĶٱֱ۵֡
ϫܹһ֮սʤҰ˼սĿôʱ˶ս
òǿ߶˼С
ڴˣϫķӦȴǲֻɨ˲Ұһۣ;ֱȥ
æҲȥ˵ӰʧڹʱϫǵȻƽڴʮϢ֮ڣǲԶ˴ᱻ֮ˡ
ˣǼӵ˴Ӵ˿̿ʼϫĵ̣
Ұɫޱȣбŭ˼£ǼԶԻһееȲ壬ƾ֣ӲռʮеһⱾһϵ
ȴرɨسţϫһ˰ռǵĹоֱɱǶܡ
룬ò˶ãӪж֪˱ϫǿռʵҲעΪһЦ
ڣҰǾܵͶһɫĿ⣬ֱĶݺݳϣֱۣ޲һطȥ
ߣȥݼ˿ӣ
ҰҧԹؿ˱ǽյĹһۣȻҴҶȥ
̩Ҳϡ
ǺͳϫսĻǺʤ㣬ƴսѾˣҪΨȥ˿֣

ܿ죬ԶΧƬһǿҲ׷ɢȥһǰƳϫ
˶ֻʱģϫŸյִƬӪضѣ͸˿ǿӲٵķ籩ɾ˼ˣ
Ϊ˶ϵȲ̫Ͻ̵Ĳսߣɶڲҽл֮սǰһ½ϫΪ˲Ŀ꣡
һ죬Ļ٣һƴ֮սʱͣ٣ս˫ԶӪؽ
Ҳһ죬ϫ̤Ӫص飬һ籩㴫Ӫأ


2125 
һӪؼΪһֺϵĳУֻûгǽˡ
ʮǧɸߣͨϰ߲ĺɫУʮλѩˣɣׯ࣬
ӪλõһǰԻһĲսߣɫׯϡ
ɺȻǴ˿̳䵱ȴĽɫ
ܹλԻĸеľǿ߳䵱һһĹĸԸģɴ˱ɼռݴ˴ݺ֮Ȼͺˡ
·˹ĲսߣλͬʱǵûȥЦʶرܿһƬ㣬Խ׳ذ벽
ΪӪصĲս߶˿һλϵȲϵĿ
˿ڹ˿ȫڻУͨҫȵˣǱȻڹ֡
ΨһһУתٻ֮
ŲʮһսѣͰǴӹɨسţһ
˿һмԼ峤ǰҲͬˣʶ˵ӡǿԵš
˿̣ҰӰ̩ܽѩԶ⣬ɫнԶһĨļɵ
ǸղѾйسϫռݹϸ˵ֻû뵽˿ȴΪʱɫЩѿ
ôǾȥɱСӣΪλҪң˵ǷѾ̧ˣ
˿ߣװ㣬¡¡죬͸һ˵
Ұ˵ʱһͷֵηǺ˿ıԣĸٶ˵ʲô

У˿һл۶ɵĺ멣˳
һɲǣһo߳ϼ䣬ΰѹȵʱն簧
ǵҲ֪˾ҡ
˿˫ָڹⲽ°Ϻ˵һ˵Сӵս
ҰæӣõʮһսУʮ߸ɶȺսۼһãʣʮһսУʮɱ˾µͽ
˵⣬͵ر˿ϣô˵ɱ˶ʮĸ
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пͽһе۷ʥ᣿
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˵⣬ƺЩȻֵˣ˵ЩǶţ٣ȥɣʱˣԻȥĨ˴ӡ
ӣʱնɱӵʱһ¾ͻᱻ˸ˡ
ҰĻľʹ뿪ˣæ˵
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˿һߣòҰһ£ٲҶԣҴҺӰܽתȥ
ߵǰʱȴ˿ǰһ£˭һȳСӶֵģҪ֪
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ǵӰʧڹУ˿Ц૵˿޼ɣҲ䵱˵ĵˣҾͲܹһֱȥ
仰ԵΪѰζ
˿ûи߲ҰǣʵӳϫӰսеִӪǰʱйسϫһоٶѱС

һС
ͳϥأزеġѪ񷡱ɫרעü価׵Į
ӦһƽĻᣬڵʱƽ
ãͳŰĿӡѪ񷡱Ųƿ̧ͷԶŵһӣɱ飬Ҹ֪ʲôʱִܵ߱ߵأ
飡
һеᣬһλսƴ۷ʥᣡ
һУܱϡ۷ʥᡱֵģ޲ǾеĿΪͬһеİҲΪ
ʵϷ۷ʥĴڣȫԺͳϵȲľǿᲢۡ
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ͳܿͰעתƣȻ񾲵ﷺһĨĹ⣬ֵʵԽǿԽá
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лӳȫ
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ԻĸеȲеġϬ塱鿱츳óĲսǴ̽鱨

ͬʱڱڤ׺ռݵĹС
һϫѣһֶԽΪλҪ鷳ңҿɲѽƾʱ˷һصļһϡ
ڤ׺üõСǿЩһҲԸʱҲŻȥ֣ҵľȰ
ǣӡ
һЩεҴתȥ
ڤ׺ѱ¿ʼһ˲䣬绯һƬ󣬽ظǣηĽǴ
Уȷûѳϫ̫¡


СС峤ּ⣬ֻģǳϫѾ֡

ССѵΥ־

ӪһУһ͸޾ŭĽһӰӹкݺ˳׹Ѫֹ
ǿ߼ˣסһԶԶܿ
УССӨ˫°ͣڻرߣīüɡɾаƯСϾǿơ
ð֮ݺԼԴ̾Ϣѽһϫ𣿿ĺ鷳ɱжɱʹ죬֪μ⹷ƨ֮սˡ

ԨڻһɲǣɱŨҵѪȣڹÿһ䡣
ΪʬɽѪ
Ԩڣ꽻ɱ֮磺ܹӵһնɱ۷ʥսֵԶ֡
ԶһŮӻҪ˵ʲôͱԨһѪĿⶢסھ뿪
ŮӻһɫɷףתҴҶȥ

һ죬Ӫвӿ粨ܣֻΪϫһ˵ĵ
ڵӪƫƧһǰһһŮ橶Ƭ̣һǿ߱㱻ӹСߡ
ȻҲͳһһŮĵ̡


2126 η
С
һһŮϥмһŰ빣ϸһ
мŽշӪеһϢ
һϮۣһͷɫ磬Ӣ͵겻ĺĮȻ
ŮһϮ£޶ĿЦٻ⣬⣬͹һױȵȻ
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Ŷ˵˵ϫˣ
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ӳĬã˵һΣͻˡ
ôһ˵ҷһˡ
Ů˼
ĮȻΪһͿ޼ɵȥһԡ
Ůɫڱ㲢ûб޳ͷԡ
㲻̽ûմս֮ǰҲ⶯֡
Ů͵Ͷˣ˵ˣҲȲ㡣
ײУɱ˳ϫҲôġ
Ů𴽽ǵЦݣʵڴʲôȣ
ӵͷȡ
Ůӵȵʲôʱ򣿡
ӳĬƬ̧̣ۿŲŮӣĿ͸һĨɫʵӦñҸɱϫŶԡ
ŮֳԳЦЦû֦ҲĶˣˣҵ˱ѡеһ̣Լ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ջĿ⣬ĮȻͳϫʱͻҪʲôˣ˲²ȴҡ
Ůգգ۾Цյ˫ɴûʲôѽ
ͫȻɫǺر仯һ£ò˵աϲԸģñˡ
˵գ𣬳ȥ
ŮƬ̣ȻЦǻ꣬ȻǽģɹףȴǰϲͣҲˣ

ǧɣڿκΰ裬Ψλãһء
زŹˮĻֹ֮Ų˼ã޸Ҳž˵Ч
ϫ빬󣬾;ֱǰƬ̣ջĿ⣬˵˰ɡ
ĽһĻ뵽˺¾ήԼͷϣɵЩš
ȷˣҲᱻϫһ·սϴӪУֻǺضһǶôһֿ֮
ʱлڤ뵽Ի˰أ
ɳϫȴƺȤȻøýǾǸж
𸴣ϫתӹһأȥ
һʯףֱͨ
ܿ죬ϫӰʯʧ
Ȼ̾˿һӦߣǸöð
Ͳٶ룬Ŀȵأץһʱ俪ʼ޸ơ
ʯ׹ϣŰ߲̦޺ѶϣϫʯʱŷһʯϿණ֣ҲͼһЩµĿ̺ۣԶ͸һɲɣζѾԶ
ϫжϳЩӦμӻ֮սǿµģвٶԴĸ򡢶ս֪Լֻ򱯷ߡ򼤰ȻһЩľ־䡣
Уص
к·ѡɷ֮·
ֻǵһսߣͬĵѽԶڴˣò˼գҲаĴ߰ɣ˴ұܹš
ɱɱɱɱʲôʱǾͷսٶֳܻ֮࣬ʲôƾԵͷм̤֮
ϫʰ׶ϣĬĬʯϿ̻һЩּɫϲ
ֱҪߵۣ֮ϫȻ㣬Ŀ⼯ʯһϡ
ͬһּΪʲݣһһ͸һ޾Ȼͱ롣
죬ң
տͷһ仰һװ㣬ϫݣܵһıߺͺ⡣
ͬΪ֮ɽһᣬΪл֮𣿼ͬΪoͬһΪΪҪɱ
ΪˣӱΪˣ˭ˣ
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ãϫ૵Ҫʸô
Īأϫһ˿ӣðβҡҡͷʯϡ
ֻУأԻصһ仰죬ң
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˿ǺսϣܻĹĻϣصĹ󣬼ž
ս϶ʬѪɺӣıͰ׹һأԶԶȥֱƿһƬѪɫġʬɽѪ
ЩԶʬѪɢĽԶǸ䣬鸲ƬսÿһС
һĻϹе޵߿Ƿ˷ᣬЩʬ׹ǣǲ񱦣κ޵߶ԽԶǿĲƸ
ɶԳϫȲεԣЩƸֵһɹ
һ紵ǺǵѪȺ˿˿Ƶɷлصǰľź
ϫɫĮݶƽ˼£žԶѪɫս绯Ϊһܵĵ˿
ţ
Ȼڻ޸ƵĽ͵һһɲǣоû˳ϫӰ
ͷ·ϫ˳ʧˣоֻʣһˣ˵ľס
ȻеЩѹֺͻңٹ˲޸ƣӻվ𣬴Ҵʯȥ
ִ﹬ۣ֮һëȻĸоһȱ򿪵ĴǰϫǾεӰǡ
ڽУȴһƬյģֻܿһȴǰյûκӰ
ýסһݺݱ۾ȻȴϫӰǣϢȴڣ
ò˵żɣ
һĨȻУ˴ż˵˾ͻᳬ֮ϣ޷˿ŵ
ͷ·ĴڣѰܹ֮̽
һȻΪоֳָйسϫӰϢ
ѵԼղǻþ
ҲڴʱԭܰһĳϫŤͷƳ˽һۣ£
æҡͷһȻһ̵ĳϫϣһ޷˵ϣסһɫжһĨ޷Ƶľη
Ǿη
һԳϫĸоȫͬһλ޷ͨף
⾿ô£
ڳϫַʲô
Ҵת̨ףмþ޷ƽ


2127 
ĿͽӰҴ̨ʧϫջĿ⣬һѶһƤƺ«
ͷŨҸʴľˮ£Ϊȵӿȫ
ֱ«еľƱȿգϫԨĺǱ֮
ž
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һֳȻƽԶͬ
ϫڱ̨£ߵ;Ȼ㣬ָһʯ⹴
Ƭ̺𲽣Ӱʧʯ֮¡
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ʯٶȶһ֡Ψرıӡ
ڳϫʱоһֱŷġرġ˳׷ɱ䣡
һֵĲεȫаΨгϫ֪

ʱϫһֱץÿһʱ䣬ÿһ˿ȥǿԼ
һ·߷̤꣬ˡɡڤ磬Ϲ򣬴ǿգŵأĩ֮ţնĥѡ
ѪϴĿ飬óϫӵԶɱ䡣
ǿͬи֮ƥߣѾվ˵֮µ۷֮ϣ¡
ֱμһ֮սϫɸеһֳѹһֻ沨޷ƿһеΡ
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ҪǣѾǾߵͣʵǿ⣡
ΪֻҪɾܹĸѩʱȴԭ֮ҲԸ
ΪֻҪϹ򣬾ܺ͸ĸžʱȴּΪ񾳴ڣԶԶ
л͸ĸط꣬ȴҪ߸ĸҪ顣
䣬ɽλս᧿Σ
´ң죬ϲԵĺƽ֮£˭Ҳ޷⡭
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һͷֹն֮󣬻й
ԣϫȫһʱ𺳺;ηȷǻþ

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ǿǵй˵ͨͱ򵽣
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ʼȻУǿǻһĳ裬˭ҲᣬԶԣĻ֮սУǻһӮĴҪһЩ
˵Ľ̸ԶΧơ߱ߵءչ֮˶һ֮սλڵһսϵսѣֻ֮սһ֡
Ҫ׽һ֮սҪôһĲս߳ײҰܣҪôҪͽһսߣ
ϫĽ򣺡ˣﰲ˰ɡ˵գŴȥ
Ҫȥ
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һʲô˼
Ҳʱһϫѹﲻܹռݵģ
˲˳ϫ˼Ƕס鴤һ£Ǹǻǻ㲻û뵽Щһô;ˣ
æҲ˲޸ƣҴҸųϫһ𳯹ȥ
ɴҲԿȷһ嵨֪ͼһЩϫȹһĲս߿Ҫǿˡ

ϫһ߳ͿҰӰ̩ܽѩĸϤӰ
˸İףһԶžսȻԻһĲսߡ
ʮλһ𣬵ͷųƶɵη
ɺȻԳϫδʲôӰ죬ĿһһЩɨΪ׵ĲҰϣɫƽĮȴһεѹ
õóڱ˴˽̸ĲҰһ˵ʱһɫһĨɫ
ôˣҪжع
ϫȻڣԴƽҰ˶УȴԵ̶
һȻ˿
ϫóﲻʸռݵĵطҵ㣡
һͷƤɷڣ˶ڣԴǺɱڡ
ϫ΢΢һʱñͷӻһЩӡԼսоȻصЩǿеһ
ֻóϫû뵽ǣһﲻ֪жͼҲͰˣȻ𱨣ͲҰһԸԼ


2128 һ
ϫĿɨӣͷ͵Ƥһ˿ˣʱһ׳ʲôϽ
಻סŭ𣬺ȳ׿ŲϫսϾ㲻֪ж𱨣׿ѵ޳ܣ
˻һĿԶЩȻƻû뵽¡
׿ŲĹͷɫ͵һеӿûȣУһӦߣˣΪݣȴһ˻һ𣬼ֱǴ治õ
Ĵأһ¾ԶһЩǿҲ׷װͶ˹
һЩǿѶԶԶԹۡ
Ӫض֪ϫѾִһռһ˶ѿһԳϫɱٿѲɱ⡣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һɱپᷢô졣
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ɫһЩŭ
ЦοϫҵҰ쾭֮£ôһļһȴ˴治
׿ŲɫɭȻ˵ЩʲôȴҰüֹǴɲĥƤġ
ϫͬҲʮϢʱ䣬ǲó˹׶༪١
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Ұ£ʮλǿڴˣԶвĿעһսĻ֪Գϫж಻
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ʱ֮䣬ȫ𺳣ɫͣͫܵһ޷ݵǿҳ

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գͷʬȻء
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ܹ׵ɱһλеȲϵľôϫһָöֲ
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ӰܽһڸҰǰǿɫףӲ׹ߡ
ûһ̣ǻо֮
һ뵽ϫܹɱҰȻҲܹɱԼǾͽסеֺ̿η塣
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ϫɫһǰƽͷ·ղʲôҲûз㣬ĿɨһӰܽˣ͸ת߽˹С
Ҳ֪˭һһӰܽع񣬷׷ɫ䣬æȻӴܣһգ۾ʧøɸɾ
ϫ뿪ǰһ仰еĺ壬ԭڰйעһеĿԶ¶һĨɫţԶջҴ뿪
ղŷһ̫ˣشɲǲ¿ʼ˼йسϫһС
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ǵ֮棬һնҰ׼ʼն˿γֵģ
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ҰΪһǿȲʤȯ˭Ӧ㱻ɱֱ̫ˡ
ΪӪһǿ𺳵ǣϫǵҪȥǰݷ˿ζţ˿֮עҪһ
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ӪУܹ֮ȼǿҲָ
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һյʱ䣬Ӫض䶯֪˷ڳϫǰһУҲ֪˳ϫݷ˿£һʱ֮仩Ȼٶನ
һȺ׳գ֮ǰѷԸʱĪҪȥǸϫȴãΥͼԶ٣ǺǣǿЦǾõѹԷ
У˿ɫмװ𵴡
Ӱܽɫ԰ס
֪ϫ˿£ĸȥðգɴʱٶ˵ʲôѾˡ
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˿ͷૣԺȴӿֳһ棬оǳϫڹǰͲҰ˶ʱ龰ֻϫֲΨָᲦһ¡
ȻһĨѪɫâէ֣Ұͷ­ն
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Ӱܽ˽Զҳ־ŵ˿ˡ
ã˿Ƿڵ˼£ֱٻ񷡣
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ŤͷһƳӰܽˣ˵սңǺǣȨɲˣȥ߳ϫѾԼ˺ͽе۷ʥͨԾҪս´Ļʱʱ͵ص㣡


2129 粨Ϣ
˿ĻӦܿ촫ӪأԭһսΪڴǿ߽ԶЩʧ
ظԴǿǿӲޱȣʵԳϫġս˿ԵЩغͽ
ɲ˿ķ֪˿ⲻԵ裬ĿӣȴնսȻ޷⡣
ϫ֪Ϣʱֻҡҡͷʼûκһ˿
ȴýһϫҪȥݷá˿ʱҲʵһסʼûʧ
ϫɱˣȻҲ֮ܲȻվ˳ϫһߣ͵һϵƣϫˣҲܲˡ
Һã˿û̴Ӧ
ȻһĻ٣ֻʱ䣬һ˿սϳأ
˭޷ȷ飬ϾףǶǻһսٴοʱҲȴЩͽɱ
˿Ļظȷ˵Ҫͽе۷ʥͨԾ
ͨͽһѪʳеĿֲɫһսǿƥܹΪһ۷ʥᣬҲɼʵкεǿ
ڽ˿ܹɱͨձȻΪ˸СĴۣ
Ͼͨ˿ٲȻͬһεĴڣ߾սһ𣬿˭Ҳ޷֤ܹȫˡ
˿ˣôĸҺͳϫ
۸ҲңֻľŻԳϫ

ӪƫƧĹУǻޱ򣬵˿ô嶯
£欵ĵ˫ڻ֮ϣ͸һʵȲεģûһɵϡ
ǻ˵ͷʱ̣ȷͳϫ֣ӴӪأṬնҰһһɱ۷壬ңҲȻóȻӦ󡣡
˫Ц߿߿ԣ˿һϣĥһ³ϫȻЯնɱͨƣԼսϫ˳֮£Ȩ˿С
˶٣£һ˿дһĨ䣬ΨһĹؼڣܷڲ˵ɱǸͨ첻һ㣬ƾ͵ʧˡ
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˫һЦѩ˫ֱϥˮǻ꣬˵ĺʲô
ǻޱսϾ˲Ϣ䣬˭Ҳ޷ȷǷ۷ʥ뵽˿ͨĶԾУ
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ǻɫȻ䣬Ĭԡ
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ʱһȻƾճڴУǻʱѻΪһö
ǻһ̽ӽס΢΢һ૵һôˣ
ֻһ֡ԨѶǰսϫ

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ԭӪʧ˿ķӦûãйԨ뿪ǰͳϫϢʹֱһذըӪضˡ
ԨһѪ飬ɱ˲գ۵Ŀֲڣ
ϵȲеϣΨһһܹ̳桰Ѫս²ĸսͣɱս㣬ɲ֮
ڻĸУԨֱּѪȺ̸ɫ䡣
񣬻˿ͳϫ֮ĽݣԨȴһ̬վìͷֱָϫȥβ𾪣
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Ǻǣӻ֮սʼһ̣ϫ˱עûϵȲɶһ¾ϫĿꣿ
Ԩ֮ǰΪβ֣ΪȴҪѡʱ䣿
֮ǰûѳϫУȴΪϫնɱҰս˿һĻ󣬳ԨȤ
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УϫǹǰΧ£Ӱ޲Իһľǿߡ
ΨֵǣһԾͳ衢ڤ׺СС˿Զδƺע
ܿǾͷӦνġﵽͳȲΣԲǰڴˣôˣзеǲԨ
Ͼ֮ǰɵЭ飬ϫ˶ȥĿ꣬£֮ǰԨûʱҲû֣Ԩˣ̸ζԾͱˡ
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ˣ
ҡضһսİĽŲ쳹ҰһĿֲϢ
ֻǰһ㱣·𿴼һƬʬɽѪƶѪʵʣʮأɱΪ֮ɫ䡣
һʱ֮䣬ȻѹϢ˵඼סеһĪη塣
˶Ҫܲסѹʱһΰ޳Ӱ֪ʱ˳ϫ֮ǰ
һѩɽӣһͷݿޣҪŮӶȻʧɫ
һƬսͷܲ쫷ºʬҰѪɺӡ
һ֣ڳǿֺݺһ¶ɵη֮ɫ
ˣԨ
յĹűϢش򿪣¶Ӱ˿֣һֲִȻУҲһֱŭζ
ȻԨҪͳϫԾ£Ҳһ⧲ʱ޷һС
Ԩʱɫеһʧޱ顣
΢΢ĮȻɣϫѵȺʱ
ԨҲûһֱ̧ۣ߽˴ֻ·ʱŶ˶㣬Ϊˣɱ˳ϫԸߡ
˵գΰ޾ѪȺɱӰ߽˹
źȻرգҲߡ
ֻȻѵõϫڻˣ˿Ҳʺڹڡ
ֻиӵǣԨеĺ塣
ϫˣ³ȷú⣬Ԩ˼Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪߣ㲻ٷв
Ȼ̾˿Գૣ֪ͼҲǻ뻹ᱻ͡ϧǳϫģˣҡ
˵⣬ͻȻ죬ֻǰĿǽյĹš
ͬʱЩڹһǿȴը˹ԶһȻɡȻģ
ôһǿ֮ĶԾôڹڣѵ±˿ɣ
ϫһ϶ڹ˼ˣ
УǱжǹţԨӹһգ
ԣ͸ˣ
ЩԻһǿ߷׷ױﲻ߿ޱȣѴҪǹС


2130 ʤ
Ⱥ鼤ܣƶʱҼ
ף޷Щǿڱﲻ֮ԴҴҸΪһԨķɣͬʱҲǽһжһ³ϫս
Ͼ֮ǰϫɱҰһĻʱûмܹҲǶԳϫʵɵͺ档
һ棬Щǿеȷв˻һЩ˼ͼңˮ㣬Գϫ
ԭͬ򵥣ֻϵȲһҪϫӪҪɱϫĿɲ
£ȻûԸԨͳϫսһŽյĹС
⹬بأܱģ֪Ԩͳϫн֣Ҳ˹˿
ҲӲ˵һȹţܹһԾˣ
ۼңʱɫһǼǿҪУԨͳϫ֮ĶԾѵıУ׶
ǼǿһЩԥˡ
һߵȥ򿪹Ųˣ
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ŽߣǳļǿߣԶԴǿߣһҲԥˡ
ǿǺԨս£汻սУǺ治˵ġ
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һǿĿ¶׹⣬ͽҲ⣬û˳ϫӻ㻹˿񣬼ֱ֪
˻һǿߵĿԶŲƹԶҵйŭբڣɫò
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ʱǼȻ˹һǻŭȻй˽ͷϡ
ͫ΢΢һͲмһȺӲ˰ĪԨղŽʱ˵ģ
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ȷһѵľ档
ϫɱͻõԨӻ
ԨɱͬԼõϫӻ
һ˭ҪԸɶõϫԨ³
һǿ¶ԥٳٲжЦѡ
ѲٵԼİΣΨһǣҵľһԾУϫ⣿

ӪһУ˿෢ܳĿˣնٻ
˿̷Ʊŭڹвⲽü価ɷ
Ԩ
˿ԽԽգסͳһ
ͬҲû뵽ԨʱͳϫԾ񲻾͵ڼӵ˿С£
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һһĻ¾ͳϫսʱӮˣҲ̸ʲôʿԡ
ϾʱԨѾͳϫսһ˿ȥ֣Եڼһˣ
ǰҼڻϿöֶΣЩĴãҪǲҵȥƳϫɿܻᷢ飿
˿䣬ֱ޲ڳȥȺԨݺսһ
ʱ򣬹ȻӰܽӣЩԨͳϫĶԾѡ˹ڣһܿŵơ
˿һ侲˼С
ãʲô˼ȥ̽һմӹ߳˭
ӰܽӦȥ


ССŸɾɵС̾Ϣƺ˷°㣬һԾü
׸ô죿ô찡ЩɶϼһһǹΪѵģھͺˣޣǼһʦ֣ˣ϶Ӳܣҿɲô
ҡ־ô찡
ССû֣ԼΪһ˿գֱָ̫оˣ

ͬһʱ̣ͳרĲԼġѪ񷡱·ķĮġ
ڤ׺һƬطɻе
ǻ͵˫һŰǰƺڵȴʲôϢ

ʱƣЩڳϫ֮һǿ߽Զ¶һĨ
Ѿȥһʱˣǹɽţһ˿춼ûзǹڵľˣ
ʵ˶ľȥֻ֤Ԩû취ڶʱɱϫ
ǷζţϫսǿԺԨĵزˣ
˲ȥ
ͬԽԽɳϫսǿ󣬿ʱѾȥôãһ㶯ҲûУԨ֮ľУ˭ռƣ
ճţ˽Զ˼ȴš
ܿ죬һֱŵĹڿһ̹˶סĿˢˢ˹ȥ
һΰӰ֣ɫ̷ڷзұһǰ
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⣬ȻԨ
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ɵԨǱѩɽӣȴһ˸

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ʼգû¶κһ˿ԹԵ߳ԹԵ뿪
ԭܵ˽ԶһͷˮԨȱֿЩһѵʲô

ȴ˲ЩԨʱĶʱȵף׻˳ʧأ˰С
ɾ޷ųϫһˣ
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һڶ𣬿ȴ׼ŭ˽ѵϹˣûԨ뿪ˣĻ˭㡭
ʱŤͷȴһЦԼ忡˾Σǳϫ˭
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ǾӮˣ
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2131 ʼ
ţ޷⡣
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ԨŵɱϫȻӮˣΪҪ뿪ѵֻΪ֮սҪʤ벻һԨ
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޶룬һǳϫˣԨųϫһ·
ᣡ
ȻˣϫΪҪô
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ǳϫģҲֻԼơ
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ϫˣЦЦƺ˽еƣȴδʲô
ôȻĴɱԨ˿ɱ˿ͳ裬ɱͳ裬бڤ׺
ôɱȥûЩһ򣬻һûܹһ۷ʥŵмȻаЩͽԳϫжֻк档
Ȼϫûи߽Ԩ֮ԺٲԼ鷳Ѿ㹻ˡ

Ԩˣ
ûãӪڸȷһͳϫĶԾУԨ䣡
ϢһӪغ䶯ǿߺȻţһƬȻ
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ӻĲͷˣ
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˿̣ԨսܵϢʱ˿رóĬˣڹһ죬˭Ҳ֪оһЩʲô


СС˿ȴǳһһŴɵƯСǳüչ
鷳ˣһȻһҴ򲻹ôأ
ССͷ۵ץС˿

ԨսܵϢʱԭרĲáѪ񷡱ͳ΢΢жͣ١

ͳ贽³ֿ֣ʼרͶ뵽ԼġѪ񷡱УֻԼ硣

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ڤ׺ֺܻ֮ΪһƬ󣬼ǻе
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⣬ҲǱڤ׺ܹӱӵн֮ҫԭڡ

ǻЦˣЦѰζ
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ǻ벻⻰еĳŪζԹ˵㿴˰ɣСϫ³Ѿ˵ԶҪ͹ϫĿ£ҪɱΣյĵ˿ҪƸۣ֮ʯٵ׼
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Ӫеķ粨ԨսܶĻҲһ˵ܵϫĹǰҰ
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ͬʱߺȻӿһƬ󣬲׳¡¡ЮŰƣսϸǶȥ
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ϫУٶȣҪɱЩ˱ܵͽȻѣַľٶȴϫһ˿ס


2132 
ȥսɱ춯أԵǻһǿߣһЩֻΪͽҲǺηųɱȥ
ǳϫߣߵͽһɢ׷˱ܡ
սεͽҲԶԶһϫŤͷӣһ˿ԥġ
óϫüץͽһʾôµʱ򣬺ȻԶʱһ󲨶ֳһ޳ѪɫӰ
ݿԲ԰ףͫһѪˣһһȴ¶һϢһϮѪɫڷп衣
˺ȻλѪ۷ʥӦ
ӦһͽĿڳϫϣһǵûż֣˵۷ʱڵʵѾ޸ơ
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һһУһһ޲¶һŴݵζǸо·һƬѪսϣԼһ԰ͥŲ˵ҳ㣬ԵúΧո롣
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˿̣ԳӦΪĵķԲ֮أǿյһˣеͽƺԳӦɵη嵽˼£ҿ
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⸽ɢļԻһĲս߼ˣȻɫ䣬ûһ˿Ԯϫ˼ĶӣԶԶܿԵ쳣Ц


2133 
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ͳ辪ɵľǣȾ£ϫƾǿʢ޷ڸס


2134 
һ֮Կλ۷ʥ᣿
ͳһ˿΢Ʋݣ޷ȥһ޵רעԼ磬δйһܡ
ĸУҲκһܹͳеѹͬ֡
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Ҳһθܵһѹ
овȴͳ΢΢Щų⣬һֱᶨΪԼѾ̤˾۷ΣԲ磬ЩϹھʱҲܺᲢۣ
ԼѾߵھļ֮زһ֮ͬԺԼ⡣
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ϫչֳƺͳľ֮زҪʤһ
⡭ôܣ
ͳȻûвԼšѪ񷡱ѲԾָ߬΢΢Щס
һֹ̣ͳ衢ֲƬƴսͬе˿ڤ׺ԨССˣҲͣжĿⲻԼͬͬһ
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һƽꪰˣ
һѪɫ򶦾һζݣ


2135
ϽԴŹա
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2137 
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а֮Ȼãһɺһޱȡ
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2139 
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ৣ
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ǵᵭȴò˼飬һ˲Ѹأն£
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ڤ׺ૣ罬սϤɱȡ¶һĨظĵ⡣
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ɾһֻ֣ȴץסһս֮ۡУ˱ɫ̺ÿɲ¾֮
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һĻֱһñڤ׺Щ£ʵ̫ˡ

սɱĥ³ս־ñڤ׺û˶ܡ
֮ʣٶХָȫϤתݺеıɫս֮ۡϡ
ԤеϮδ֣ɫսһޱȵİһֻ޳ץסҲѣһֱٱļ
⣡
ʵñڤ׺һʶԼηǵûмһˣײˣ
ƾһֻ֣Լȫһ޼ƿʩϫսǿᵽ˺εȳ̶ȣ
ڤ׺룬̲סһ˿ںͼ¶ǿҵΣֱ޲ھ͵ͷӡ

ʱ򣬻ˮʣһӰվһǹֱҪͱƲ񷣡
ⲽ뿪أأץסһĨɫ棬һöҶ硣
ɢȥ¶һ忡ӣĮƽݣһԨĺжһڵϣ
ϫĿ⣬ڤ׺סһͷ·һʶϫ㣬ĸܵһǰδеϢѹȡ
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£ڤ׺ֻǰһһԵĿֲݺײϣ类ʮɽư㣬̲סһҽУܿƵصɳ֮⡣
ʼգϫһֱվԭأ˿δΨץסһĨɫֽ㣬ȻڻΪһѱɫҺ壬ӳϫָк£ƻá

⣬ССŭȼ˿սһֲ£ÿҪ빬ͻᱻ˿סֱƹ֮㣬ССɵСϾŭ
һ࣬Ԩ˽ԱߣһҪһڻһǿɱһҪշҲԷȥ顣
һĿȻһʱֲ¡
˿ˣ⣬ȴǱޱȣͽֱʱԲ֪ڸģȱڤɱǸӦߵʱ򣬱ǵڣ
ҲҪһ
СС۵Բֱ
˿ɫһͣͺȻССͳ軹ûг֣Ϊһз
ССͳˣƴΪ԰Ȼˣ
˿ЦѾͷͳҲټ̫Ͻ̵λͬһأ
ССͫһУ͵شŭѹע⵽֪ʱ𣬼ԶĵطǳһһŮӰ
ûмǴ˱Ǵ˴̫Ͻμӻ֮սǿߣ
ӹɣһһŮսȻǿ󣬼ԶԶţССһɾ衣
ΣյϢ
ϧʱѾˣעΪԼѱ丶ۣ
˿Ц̬ſһִգȲʤȯ̬
һ̣ССԨԶһ
ƣˣ
ͨ
ڴʱһӰǣӹڵɳݺڵϡ
һޱȵĲҽ֮
ڽɱ˫һ𣬲ԼͬؽĿȥӰǸղų빬еıڤ׺ʱɫһ䡣
ֻ˿ǵĺȻ鲻һССԨ˸Ȼ
ô£
˿͵ס֣ս֣һ֣ͣЩΧԨһǿҲ׷׺ȻֹͻһĻзĻ˼ս
Ҫ֪ԭǻϣűڤ׺ܹɱ˳ϫ֮طһԸССԨ
˭룬ڤ׺ȥҲ죬Ҳ죬ֻȴǱɻģ
һĻֱ̫ˡ
ССԨҲûмսԶԼͬһһ࣬ͬĿ˵ϵıڤ׺ϡ
˿̵ıڤ׺緢Ƶڵϳ鴤ѣŤһĨޱȵԹȻ
ԡѪͷ棬һǧɣ˥Ըӵĵزڣϣױѻٻ궼ܵһ޷޸ĳ˺
֮һ̵ıڤ׺Ѳ֮ǰǸҫޱȵĿΪһˣ
顢١شһжעӽ𣬱ڤ׺ĵ;ʹȻֹܹסһѾܲˡ
һУ˿һľɫǱޱȣֶΡֱɱ˱ڤ׺Ҫ񶾰
һڻһǿҲһУסֱ£ⱱڤ׺ϵȲ山ڤϵĵϵᣬսһľڣ񣬾Ǳϵˣ
Ҳֱð׹ߣ˭ģѵǸӦ߳ϫ
ôܣ
Ѿ״̬
նȻأ˿ҪϢΨбڤ׺ҽڲõ˿ɫò
ССԨͬе𾪣ֻ𾪵ǳϫΰ쵽һġ
ʱһŲӹ


2140 ־
Ų𺧵˿ˣССǣԶԼͬԶĿ˹ȥ
ȻͿϫⲽ
һϮ忡㣬ԨȳȻɺȣȴһɻɬϢ
һϢ֣翣ȴȫ˶һһɲڰļ¶
ͷ·ϫݷһ̫Ԩһͷųû
ΪһɻɬϢõóϫͻȻһİС
ô
ļ֮࣬ЩȻ
ǵã֮ǰϫλ۷ʥᱬһԾѾһ״̬ӵʱϢоͿжϳ˼١
Źȥãǵѻָ۷״̬ñǰӿˣ
ΰ쵽ģ
޷󣬼˿˿ҲɲжϳϫûнϫƣҲеľѡ
Σϫһ̣˶ʶõñڤ׺䵽ҵزģȷǳϫɣ
ת˲֮䣬һλϵȲеĶϵ˵;
ô˿̵ĳϫָǿᵽ˺εȳ̶ȣ
ʶʱ໤һǿѽסɫ䣬ĲǾƲֱ޲ھʧڳϫǰ
ŵУϫڹǰĿĮڳһһɨ
ſڵҿʼμӻ֮սе˾Ϊжд̣ҲǣϾҲǷ£һҪıǵ̬ȣǰЩ죬սϾȻʮѡ
˵⣬ȺЩɫ΢΢Щڣǵϫ֮ˡ
ǣҷô޲ǲ֪жҲˣȴͷҪɱңδ̫ˡ
ϫƽĮҳϫʴδӹκˣȴһٶðңҳնɱ˵˸㣿
˶ɫò
˿ɫϫһ£Ӧߣˣǻһĺᣬ֮ȴǰһ˴
ϫĿ⿴˿Ŷ˵ҲȻΪǰԲһУô˾վǰǷҪɱң
˻һ˿ʱɫ࣬ϵıڤ׺ûأǰ˿ĸðˡ
ң
ϫƽ޼ȫ˶Уȴ˶˿ϵļ̤衣
ССԨˣжһ˿˿ɴ˿̾ǲֱϫ
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˿͵һɽųҷڵɱ
㲻ҡ
ϫƽôڱĮ˿ڸһֻϵĽ
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ϫȴѾջĿ⣬ָӪԶս㲻䵽ͱڤ׺һ³ҿԸһᣬھȥսɱУʲôʱɱĸ۷ʥᣬұ̡
ڳϫ˿ɫһĿѣҧҲ᣿
ĸ۷ʥ᣿
Ծ˿ȥ
ϫ㲻Ӧ
һɲǣһΣޱȵĺӿ˿ͷ罣ֺë׶ԼǸҾܾȻҪԳϫɲһ
һ뵽Լıڤ׺Ϊһõ˿ٹ˲ʲô棬͵طȻ˦䣬ӰΪһĨ⣬ԶսкХȥ
˿ֻҪ˳ϫߣԺлܹһ棬Ǳ˵;һпɾͳˡ
Ҫɱ۷ʥóϫԭ£
ͱ룡
˿ɲڲ

˿Ҳûж֣߷ޱȵػܳϫʧԶսУڳһǿ߽ԶһȻ
˿ȾﶼڳϫǰͷˣЩĻȥԳϫ
Ҹղ˵ҲЧ
ϫĿɨЩһǿߣƿеĻ֣̿סҸǵᡣ
ԴвκвЩǿ߶УȴǽԶһ£ܵһɾȻɱ
£вǿ߻ҴҶȥûãԭڳϫǰȺʧһɶ
ΨֻʣССԨˣԼϰıڤ׺
̵ǣЩͱڤ׺սļһ뿪֮ǰûһȥ뿪
ɱңɱҡ
ϵıڤ׺̧ͷĿоǴһĨ
ˣ֮ľֻʤѾԸɲٰʲôæˡ
ϫƽ˵
ڤ׺ڲڣųϫԹޡҲȻʹͲʣ֮
Ȼ͵ЦϫҲˣһӦߣܹŴ⻤֮ս뿪ʮͣǻһĸ̫Ͻ̣ͳͳŹ㣡ʱҲվһ
Ȼ£ѪȻأһ˿˶ϣԱе
һﵹҲмֹ
ϫһӣͷųһƬ潫ڤ׺ʬٻյȥһžӨ͸ıɫӣŨȵĻ
ǲ֮飬ϵȲ山ڤϵ洫ŵڻ籾ԴУܹԴԴϵΪ޵߲Ī⡣
ϫһ
Ȼ˱ڤ׺֮ǰΪβûɱ˿
ʱССŴյϫǰɻ
ԨͽҲԼĿ⿴ȻҲССһԴ˸еЩɻ
ϫ̧ͷ˿񷣬òջĿ⣬ղмҺܲ־ղŹעû취ͶԷ⣬ҴԴʱԻһˣ
УѴһĨ
˻һССһ𣬸ղ־עòפ⻤֮սʮͰɣ
һ뵽ϫܹһУʼȴȻһ֪ס𶯲ѣĳϫսǿ˺εȵز
ΣҲΪγϫղŻ˿뿪ˣԭǰдע
󣬵ʱǳϫȻ֣пܻһɱ٣
ζлλˡ
ϫתССԨ˵
վԼһߣѾΥ䱳־ɾ̫ˡ
ԣҪŴ뿪ŶԣǿɾͻᱻͽԴˣǿɾ̫鷳ˡ
СС˵һ㶼Ҵš
ϫ˵ͷصˡ
ʵСС˵ϫҲôԴѣϧһи
Ȼ֮ǰδССԨйӴɴվԼһһ̿ʼѾϫԴ
ڽȻҲ⡣
ͬʱڵԴ⣬һ𡭡


2141 
شӪء
š췣ƺŵĵһ֮ء
˿̣ӪĹŽգȴѻӰ
ϸȥӰкȻеڶ͡ʱ͡
λȻģ죬ۼƣȴȻѷɫڳκһˣͬҲλɽµĵʹ
췣ղŵһĻҲѾӦѶս߲вٲָ棬һλ֮սɣ
ڶͳڣݣݵݿƹ⻬羵ȴһĲɣϢ
ŵڶλ͵ĿҲǴŽյĹ
췣ǶԵһ͵ơ
ǲѳԹ֣
õĳĬ֮󣬹һϵ
ҵǰԭ֮ǰұҪ֣һĨɱǸӦߣ˭룬ȴ⵽˺ս뷴ǰ棬ѱһս
ڶƽȴ͸һ˿ŭζ
ǵ͡ǵʮһ͡սǵʮ͡ս͡
췣ҵȿѾʱˣ
춯ƽͷֵΣͷҵȼȻѾ̫Ͻһ𹲶ѹأȫԵ¾ģһ

λҲ̳
ʮϼһ֮ʣѾڴˣ빲˪ȴΪһĪƽ٣Ҫɱǿ֪һϣζʲô
֮󣬵һǲϳ͸һ˵ĸζ
ͽԶһĬ
ǼȥֻþԽԽҡ
ڶüڡ
ʱ仹磬һӦ߶ѣЩһĺɱˣҲһ
һεһͻشȴǺԥҪǣǸòˣЩͽΪʼӳиչɲŹӵģ
ʼ棡
ɫ죬ʶʲô
һҲζλ֮սУɣӦһУֻӲ
ڶͳ
̫ϽҪﵽĿģʼվһ볹ĨȻҪѹӦߣʼӳѵĹؼһ
һ͵Į
˻һͽԶüһж̫ϽİţΪ֮ǰԼ֪
λ̫Ͻô꣬ڵһǰδеϻˣͼıģɲֻһ֮սʤ
һ͸п
ѵҪȾָǷ֮ɽ
ƢΪ񱩸ҵĵĵ̲͡ס
ӷ֮ɽΪ̫ϽУȴֵһɹ
һͳλٲ²⣬³֮Իס
˵գһ˿
Զ˼С
ֱʱŷ֣ԭӺ̫Ͻһ̿ʼǶδ֪̫ϽҪʲô

ͬʱȾѪӪء
šеƺŵĵͣšƺŵĵߵͣšѪԨƺŵĵڰ˵ͣĬӪĹڡ
ƿʼ΢ˣղΪǸӦߣЩϼһ֮䱬һս˶ԣɲǺϢ
ȴƳĬߣǷҪıһ
˵ʱĿ˵ߵ͡
ء
ߵǰɫĮȻ÷ûи鲨
ΪΣ
һĵڰ˵ͽסʵ
ߵͳĬԣƺֻȥκζ
ˣǾάϵ̬ȣôڣֻϹۼɡ
ͻ˻֣ϡ

һ\ľӪءС
͡ʮһʮսͬһ
ɫԶЩ
ȷԺ̫Ͻ̺λ̫ͣϽһ쿪ʼһֱų;ֺܾ
ֻû뵽ǣƻδ᧿ΣĵزЩϼһѾʼҪ滤֮սˡ
Ǿ޷̵ģ
ǵͣΪ֮ɽȻ޷̫Ͻ˷ˡ
ǲںǸӦߵںϡ
췣ս;Բȵڣֻҿ͸ǣǾҪʲô
üǵĿĿ϶ɱǸӦô򵥣ڸղǳʱ϶ֲĿĲݵƢѺǶˡ
λҲǺЩһ̫Ͻ̺ȻҪһͼıһЩʲôȴ޷ݳǾҪͼıʲô
ΣҵȽԶҪսһ׼һԤУһѾԶˡ
һն

۸ۣһɱǸӦߣ
۷ʥȫֻҪǸӦߣ뽫
ս
ս
һӪУɱڵĿֲһӪض𶯡
ûãһãĺŽ쳹糱ˮǵصͽ̤˺ƴսϡ
֮׳֮ǿʢ˲ֹһ
ǵȺ棬ضΪ֮ɫ䡣
ͬʱһǿҲϤǱϫȽս˿ǣսǿߣԹͬĵʱԶһ
ССԨҲ̳ս
ԴӷӪ֮δͳ裬Ҳطսɱ˴
ֱϫ뿪û뿪ӪأӪƫƧ䴦Ĺǰ
λҪҪһȥɱУ
ϫڱȻڡ
ڣǻ͵˫һЩɲһҪʲô
֮ǰҲĿñڤ׺ϵһĻҲϫƾ˿սɱеģֻǻȻû뵽һ̳ϫһֵĽ顣
˻һۣԶѡĬ
ȻλԸ⣬ҾһˣҲòλ´δսϷʱ˭޷ɱǵľģ
ƮƮ仰֮󣬳ϫתȥ
Ķ
ǻɫһɱӿ
Ҫȥս
˫ü
ǻʱԥˣɫãճĬԭأʱ졣
˫ԼļѾԽԽǿˣǵȣµȵһ죬ҲȲκλᣬˣǰ˵սϷʱҪɱҡ
ǻɫҲˣһΪʼ渴գɲóϫʹ˻ŷˣ
˫Цһأ
ǻȻ޿ܣǽԲµ֣ϫעڽӣ
˫˼ǽõҲһЩ©أ
ǻĿһ䶢ŵ˫Ļеˣ֪İţյҲע
˫ʼ磺ؽţֻˡ


2142 Ϊ
ãĺŽ죬쳹ս
ʬɽѪѪƯֵһĻĻһٶݡ
ϣϣÿһУԶɱͳͻҵĵ֯ҫۡ
ϫȻһˣʺ͸ĵ֮ٶ̤ս
̧ͷ˿񷣬ĺӳĮĹ
ЩעӴ־Ѿʧóϫк֮ǣ̧ǰ

ⲽÿһ£ȴŲƶҪ죬ʱ䡢ռ䶼ڳϫĲ¸׳Ƴ
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ܿ죬һȺͽӰҰУǿϫģͶȻըһ񱻵ȼѪɽ
գ֮䣬ѾʬѪˮ
ϫҲûǰȥ
ֻŵ˲ڵ֮ڣһɹа֮۳ӨܻΪ֮顱̬
һİӯһϢ֮󣬳ϫףԼѾɱúͬˡ
ʶУʱʱ̶ܹ̿Ħһبȥδ֮䣬ʱͿռĽޣʰ˳ӡ
˳ӵ籾ԴγɵԴʼ֮أ
˳ӽߣֿɵã
ȻϫȴǾ
ԸʹƾΪҪԶԶ̫ˡ
ֻսɱвܻã
ͬʱϫҲףԼȡľſͼƬѾں뵽ԼУΪ˺Լ˲ɷָһ֡
ֱ仯ϫһǰδе飬Ŀٲ磬Ƿ˺ͬĸ߶У
һ״̬ͷ·Լ߱ȼ磬ݵ
ƫƫһǺųơͨɼأڵĵ
ϫȷţԼ㹻̤ʱκεǿߣѶԼپ߱в

ããսϣϫȻһǰУ֮һƬһƬͽ£еѪȾ졣
ʼգδκأϫδնһ
սУҰ˻δ̷ﵱ
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
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һµɨս˴˽̶Ƭ̣ԭֲսͬе۷ʥᣬᵽѪȵȺɱسϫ߸
ΪѾӵ۸κδۣһҲһҪϫɱ
ֶ˺ƴ󣬲׳˻һǿߵע⣬ò˰ңгϫеĶǿߣǶԣѹҪСϲ١
ͬҲ˿ʼЦֻͲóϫʹɥЩ۷ʥС
սϵľƲ΢ı仯һӲϫķۣɫɳĮԹǰţδɹҲδ˱ܹ
ǰĲ󷽣Ѷѻ˲֪ʬɽ˶ƬѪӡ
֮۳š֮顱ܻΪһ͸ȻΪһİ̺һϢӿϫڣȡ
Ȼ󣬵ֿ֮ʼ۷֮顭
أγһѭɱΪֶΣа֮ΪԴȪӶ̺ϢϫԴԴϵؼȡա
ûںϾſͼƬ֮ǰһóϫڲظΣյĳͻ״̬С
Ѳͬһ޵״ԨƾȡٶǻȻûб
ϫܹǿҸоҪ̤֮ƾЩԶԶ̫Զˡ
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꣡
ն֣һֻ޳ĴѴӱ߬סĲһʺ飬Ҳ֮ҷ
ʬȻ׹ء
һ޴ɫһֻ޳ĴУֵǳϫ
˿ɫ޼Ͷ˵֮ȥɺ
һУϫǰУͷ·ղɱĲһλ۷ʥᣬһֻӬ㡣
һĻǱ˿ͳǵ￴Ҳ֪лθˡ
ǿ۷ʥᣡ
赭дĨɱˣ

ս·ͽʼ𽥼٣Ƿ·ܵĳ赲ڳϫǰеĵ·ϡ
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һжĺ׹ߣԷһˣһδ̤ΣȴӵֲսУָжֲ
פڸѪϵͽųʮ֮ڣҲ񾳲ΣȹģĴֻҪǿ߲֣ɺɨϹ
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ˣħλ۷ʥ᳹״סʧǣˣɽ£¾λǰҲơ
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Ѫ
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ɵһУλ۷ʥǵû˶ŭһظҸо
ǵģظȻԵúܶˣɡֻҪǼһʱǺܺ


ǰ㲻ʲô


2147 ֮
顭
֮ڴĿѪ⣬ɸѪеаΪ̺ϢĴϤӿϫڡ
˿̣Զɢϫδ׷졣
ɱЩȡѪеҪΪͰ硣
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ŵĮУҲӦ˳ϫǰǧ֮ء
һѪƵͫĮ˳ϫϡ
ϫɫĮɣڲӦΪ֮ɫʼնδһ˿仯Ӱͦǹ˿
ҪлҲܼ򵥣¼ɡ
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ǺǣУͨݣϲҪ᱾ˣҲô׵飬οһ
ĸ֣Ӧһһ³Īķ̣һָ߸ϸζ
ǵģϫսǿᣬֻһӦѺͬΪﵽһȫµĵزųͨ죡
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һ̣ϫǺЦЦЩпƵ˵Ӧ㣬϶ㆪºͷϻҵЩˣѪǷ񶼺һɱжȆ°죿
ӦɫײһѪͫײӿһ˿ŭĮҲգȻִԲ򣬱·
˵ţ̧֣޳ָ֬ϸ壬ŝƵĹ
䣡
һĶϫͷȻݣʱѿһڶȻɶ¡
һɲ졢ءﶼ类⣬óϫһֹԮĴУƱ
һּΪɲִ򷨣öȫƿصĴС
⣬Ҳǵǿ߱һܡ֮
Ѱ޵һУȫݣҪɲ֮
ܹ֮ԿģҲֻͬΪεǿߡ
Ӧţƾһóϫٲ֮أʱóϫһʲôɼֻԼ׳Ƴ裡
Ȼϫֻ̧̧ͷһһɶµʱպڶͺȻ飬֮С
ͬʱڳϫ˷ҲػȻңڡ
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һ˲ӦǵⶳᣬѪͫһǵȫ£ĸֵܹ
˵ϫ׾ƿһˣֱõóӦ򶨣Ҳе˼
һһ
һ̣һӪһֱעⳡԾǿ߽ԶһĪ
ǵ˵ͻˣСӡΪλ쵽ز


2148 ȼѪ֮
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۷ʱڲμӻ֮ǰ񣬳ϫںϾſͼƬ֮˲֪ٵ̺ϢĴսҲ֮˶ɱ䡣
ֱʱӦͻأϫҪѪ
ϫԼѾȷսǿ˺εȵز
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оЩ⣬Ӧһһλ۷ʥᣬӵž޾׵츳͵̣ƾΪһڣսӦüΪɲŶԡ
ǣղһôˡ
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ӦǺȷţ;֮䣬һ޷Խĺ蹵
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ֻҪУˡ궼ܵԵѹƣɼȡᣡ
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УÿһλӵԼġ֮򡱣һ֡
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βȳϫڣӦֱԵܹ֮ΪҪ

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Ѫȥеʥʼ棡ʮ͵Ŀģ
ӦɫĮ˵Ϊһܹڣ
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ȻˣΪҪɱңôǵڰʮһæ
ϫʵɫѻָĮƽ
Ǻǣɣ
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ϫ˵Ҫҵܣ
ӦƺЩ⣬û뵽ϫڵ֪һ֮󣬾ܹ򶨡
ǻ޵ߣڵ֪ԼԼӪһն˵ĵУñס߿ޱ˰ɣ
ƫƫأϫȴƻȻӰ㣬ĮЩ¡
óӦЩʧ˵ôγҲԴϺݺݴϫһһ߿ĿģӶһĶȤζ
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ӦЩ棬һһһУʮնֱʥһɱĶһִУѵһŭ;ûУ


2149 
ѪȼգƬ֣γһȫɳӦһ׵ġ֮򡱡
ԶȥֻܿһƬҫ۵Ѫ⽫︲ǣǵΣ޷ŵһС
ҲҺòᱻ֣ǱһӪеһǿ߷֣Ӧǵûж֣һֱںͳϫ죬·Ѫɡ
ȼѪ֮УϫȷԼĴȫŶԷһ֮ʡ
ڷŭ񣬾񣬳ϫɴδ⡣
һΪУҲĲ
Ϊں˾ſͼ֮󣬳ϫȷǰһˣ屾ĿһֱĿ꣬޲Ϊƾ
ϫȷţֻҪԼ̤ˡˮ죬޷вԼ
ڽ֮ǰ㹻һΪܵԲ͵
ʹԶ
ϫеֱֻҪڶսߣöͿѰٵ

ǰѰ֮ǰϫҪٵǰӦ
ûгɣϫ̧ͷԶĳӦ̹˵ԭû˵ôϻ˵һЩҲвôԣҿԸһᡣ
ӦһԭڴǵЦݶʱ̣ɫõĮ䣬һﶼҪˣȻԸԼһ᣿

֪
Ŷʲô᣿
Ӧϫһ﾿ǷѾɥĲ
Ļᡣ
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ӦѿڶֹǿЦֱһ׳ղŻ˵İ׳ջ
һ̣Ƕײݺݳ鴤һ£ɫҲգȻ㡭
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˵ʱϫǰȥ
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ӦЩɣϫôˣô˰׳գǸһ۷ʥᶼĹ
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ҪźݺݳȥͳϫһսԺȴĪ˸ղųϫ˺ѡȼѪ֮һĻסһ£ɫһһס
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ܣ
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ֻӦ˿̵Ķȴ֣Ŀ⿴ųϫ뿪ķأԱһӶĶ
һۿȥͺӦڻϫǱȻأЩĿͳϫ뿪
һ£ħλ۷ʥҲɴ۾鲻Խðһ뷨òӦϫɣ
˵̬ôԵˡ˵
һɫͥŲƵ뿪һŻͱĶܲ᣿


2150 ˵֮
ӦһʶЩԾ͵ؾʹӷҵ˼ѹ
㡭Ӧߣ
ʱħλ۷ʥᰴ಻סеɻ󣬳˹
˵ʲô
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Ӧɫ͵һĿӿһĨɱ
ħһܵһϢѹأҧôϣΪӦ޷죬ƾ£͵Ǳʥһ
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ҲôΪ
ӦĿ⿴λ۷ʥᡣ
λ۷ʥȻɵ֮ɫȴҲĬһС
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2151 ֮ŭ
ৣ
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2153 ֮
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2155 ʼ
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еĸҲδһ̰̣ƿ䱾ʣ䱾ԴһнԶġ
㱼䣬ЩеľۻӳԺУЩ鶼ȥ»еϲŭԹաޡ񲡢࡭
ЩԶ˵ĺۼ
ϤϫһһĵĨȥҵϣ
һУϫ£޲ֳһֿϣڤڤ֮С
Уʦֽʱĸǰо顢ǰ˸ԪӡһзӶ嫵ĸ糱ˮۣϳֳϫС
Щнĸж֪֮ݣҲвͬϵԵĲ⡣
˵һ̣ħ塢ꡢá䡢ǰ˸ԪĴУԼϫһ·õĸֶԵԶȫڳϫͷţ
һ׷ݹȥؽδḶ̺́˴֤Ǳ֮ģ
ģɱ䡣
꣬ɱ䡣
ɱ䡣
ɱ䡣
;ɱ䣡
УϫһУ޾޾ϴ
֮䣬ֻһϫȻըΪɬ꣬ͨ⼤ݡ
һ˲ʶе˳ӷ⣬˷򡢰塢Скˮڳϫڡ
ľѪ⡢ʧֻʣһƬ磬ΣĪ״
¡¡
һ̣֮ϣǧܵٻ´Ԩϫ˰
һĻǿ߿Ǿ°Ͳɡ
ΪԹ񣬸ûһ޵ڽʱܹϫ㣬˶ɱģ
ңһɱֱڣûֹͣ
һУͳϫӵеܲɷ֡
̳ǰ˸ԪУһԪǰλӦߵ²ںľſͼִֻȽ
ڼȡϢѪĥ֮Ȼڳϫڵһһ𱬷֪ɱǺεȾ
¾ݹ۹Ž񣬱鿴ȫµڣҲһϫصĽˡ
ֻ֮ڳϫһ˵Ľ֮·һȫͬˣȫͬڹĵ;
بδУ˫
ڴˣϫȻ˿̵״̬أججڤڤл㱡
硣


2162 콵
Դ֮ء
ս죬ɱźϡ
ݱԭ硰ǿչȡԴ֮أҲѱսյĿꡣ
ǵεĶԿĻ֪жôֲ
أ
һųʢը𵴡
ҲζţһλʥһԱ
һսһʼʥһͳֳڽڰ˵ļһһϹŶ޵ԱģҲбɱġ
־һֱڳš
ԭʱ⡢λսֲ̫һεĵڣҲ޶֮
ֻˣȴֳһ·ѹǿֱ̬𲻿սʤף˵
Щʥһǿ߽ԶѲ֮ǰܣΪֱ˿̣Ҳûеʼˡ
֤ǳԴ֮ʵ򲢷ʼ
Щʥһǿ߶ԣһشľ롣
ɼˣսʱȴһ˺ˣһ˱һĻĻƵ
෴սԽԽңλͳɹɱԴ֮Уǳ׷ˣ
񺷲ηķɶ˻
Ǹ磬áɶ˻ݵսԻ˷񲻿ɡ
ϾÿһλɶͨӵĪܣǱɶֱ꣬ǻ֮
Դ֮һĻȷǡɶ˻𡱣
֪У֪ɳϣ޾ĳޡ߿Щʥһǿѳ׷
ֻһ뷨Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ

ؼ䣬ѪȾǿա
ɱźǰĲʺϼ͸޾ı׳;Ȼ
ʱ⡢λͣһĻҲе֣üѡ
ԭԤƣֻյ蹦򣬱ɱһѪ·ִԴ֮
˭룬ȴǵ͹ʥһƴһսľġ
˲£µǲĵˣ
һ̣ʱᵽһ㣬ЩһֱӰ㲻õǰĲҲܵӰ졣
һȺӣ
ƿһ䣬ɫЩˣֱʲôҲˣһ԰Դ̤֮ƽˡ
ҪģӿٶȣԶʧһõף
ʱüɫ䡣
һ̣Ҳע⵽Դ֮ǧڴ䣬Ҫʧ
˽Զһݣٹ˲תȫǰ塣
ɱ
սңȹģս˭ֻҪΪڵ֮µģ˵ˣǸԶԶģҲؽܵ
˿̣սȻǱλͺʥһһڵǿ֮䣬һսನȴϯɢŰԴ֮С
Դ֮ؿʥһܾ֮أ˲֪ٵ顣
һսǰǶ㣬߼УҲ޷ܿһսನ
սʱѲ֪жٵʥһȥ֪жٲڶ̶Ƭ̾ͱһգ֮ػΪһƬ֮ء
ս֮ǰЩʥһǿԤϵһһսغĲֹʥһϣغ˵
ʱƣһǿٶɥ䣬ʼÿʥӡ
ʱ⡢λѾɱʮλǿߣԱĸʮλ
ʥһѽֻʣʮλǿߣʱˣǻȻûյ˺㣬սԽԽֲ޿ƥС
ѵ죬ʥһҪһգ
ʥ˱߶Ȼ޷һ֮սѣȴݱӡ
޷ǵʼ˸һգǶȥͳû٣ʥһ
񣬾Щͨڣ޷赲ǵĲǷζţһΣʥһѾߵͷˣ

Ȼ
ʡ
롣
ŭ
ÿʥУһԳְֵܾսϰͽʹ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ֹЩʥˣ˿̾ЩɱսĵڣҲһ˿
ֻλսŻǵսжֲ
ֻʣʮǿߣĪҪƴ󣬽ʥһȫ𣿡
ʱȻ¶һĨм
ʥһֻʣһˣҲҪѪսף
һŭ𴫳ǳӦ
ֻ˿ɫ룬¶̹ǵĺ⡣
˵ĺãʥһԹʼ˱ӣܹʥ֮оܾӣʼȥҵΪߣ̣һأ
͵ʲô𣿡
սò
ʥһǿҲȳɫȻһɿģ
Ϊȴ֪ʲôдȥҲͽͶѣ
ʱȳһ㲻ٶԣ̧ܻһʱⳤӣٿȻӦ
һɲǣ
ӦԺհף֪Լ޷ֵסһҲԼעҪˡ
ǡ
ҲҪϵ
ѪƵӿһĨȻ
ʱüͷ壬Ӱ˺ĻῴһɥĲļһҪԱˣ
еͷۣԱ̫֮ǿҲòܣһ·ɱԴ֮ˡ
ϣ
Ҳʱ˱ܵһɲһƽңԶ𣬲ãƣƴبǰĹж
һ˲Դ֮Ͽգӳֳһһͷ貵Ө͸񷶼ǣԡ
Щ籡ɫɫɫɫɫɫɫȾֹԣضȾһĨƻõɫʡ
ͬʱһݵĿֲϢԭʱվֹҵľγָȶԭǳӦϵʱ֮ٿȻ߽⡭
гѪȡɱһɨգһׯࡢ֡͡
绻һĻ֮ͻأ֮죡
һɲѣ׸ģһѪٿȻһٵׯ໭ȡ
⡭
ʥһȫס𵴡
Щǿ߸ǲ㲻Լ۾ɫ֮ʼ˲ӵеϢ
ʼ˹Ȼû
ʥ˶סӯԿء
˿̣ʱ⡢λɫ򶼱ǻһĿâܣ̽¡
һĻĵȷ̫죬ǵΪûмʱЩͬѰˡ
ѵʼ沢ʧǹֻղʥһ𣬲òˣ
ˣǾͺðˣ
ʱǴΪ˴ʼжֻ֮飬ܹʱʼ棬Ҳһ
˻ʼ棬ǿɲ£
ΪǽԶһһգ͵ڱ¶μûǱڵΣա
һɫ׹䣬ʥƻãׯྲס
һ̣۵ңԶΡ


2163 
شӪء
һԲĻӳ֮£ĻԣܻΪһĻĻޱȵս
ǺȻǷԴ֮صս
սʱ⡢λͣǵĶǽλʥһǿߡ
ֻʱǽλʥһѱɱ÷ֱĿֻʣʮλ
һĻɵһ͡췣ܻҲֻӵ㾪ֶΰ쵽һ
һĻ֮£һڵϥĿ⿴ŹĻӳֵѪսɫ졣
˳ԾǣЩУֹк͵һڶĵվͬһӪλͣб̬ȵĵߡڰ˵ͣԼԺ̫Ͻ̺ĵ塢ʮһʮͣ
֮Դ֮սɱλͣԼӪشбŲĵһ֮⣬е;һȫˣ
ͬҲǵһ͡췣ֱʣҲֻȴڣܹǱͷ̬ȵͻһ
˿̣ǹĻӳֵѪսֺ֧̫Ͻ̺ЩͽԶ¶ο־
Ժ̫Ͻ̺λͣɫĿòֱһ̲ףԭ֮ǰһǺ̫Ͻ̺ǽֻΪɱһӦߣҪӦΪնʼ棬Ӷֻ֮飡
һӣ͡ʮһ͡ʮ͡սλܡ
˿ҪȥΪʱ
͡еߵ͡ڰ˵͡ѪԨλ̬ȵĴڽԶĬ
˵ǲ֧ҲԺ̫Ͻ̺ɵǹĻӳֵһĻĻսʱҲжϳһѾȥ˴μǳָԤҲԶˮȲ˽
вһĨӣһǡΪҪ̫Ͻ̺
ѵΪ˴ʼжֻ֮飿
ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬һ͡췣ǲϵͳ
λ˴ټǰǽֻΪ֤˭ѡȷġ
һ͵һĨпֻλΣʮ˽ԶǱ˶Ժ棬֮ɽʮ֮δκγͻҲϣһֱҪ
˻һֺ֧̫Ͻ̺ЩͽԶ׷׳ͬԴΪȻ
λɳĬԡ
Ψַ̬ȵλɫЩ粻
գ͡еûס췣ͬĻȴͬǵӦ̫ϽһΪĿģֶεļһǺΪ
һ̾˿䣬ƽϯ£˭Ҳ޷һƽ٣Ƿ֮ɽҲ⡣ôҲΪ˳Ӧ֮ˡ
ңȡֻ֮Ϊʲôֻ֪֮һɣΪݣôֱʹҲûʲô𣬻˳ӦʵЦ
һͳĬã磬˵һսҪˣĹۿɡ
һҲٶԡ
ȻڴʱٵͽԶһͿǹĻ֮ϣȻӳֳһɫԴ֮ء
貳ʢĹ󣬳ȻʥϢڳһڵͽԶһݣʼڰ಻סˣ
䣡
ҲڴʱĻ͵һһζȻΪһƬ١
ͬʱһҲǷһףҲδ뵽ᷢȱʡ
ڳͽԶЩɣһĻɵһ͵־ȴͻأ飬޷֣ĪһжΪͻأֵľɫţ
б䣬ҵ־ʱ޷ٲ̽Դ֮зһС
һٶȳжϣƾʱ⡢֮Ըʼ棬ҲӦòʲô⡣ףʼվֻһ־ˣıѱĸС
ԣȻоȴأһ˿޷ȥľɡ
ʼ桭ɲѰһ־ôױɱģ
ˣ֮ǰǾͶֽԷصȵʱˡ
п»ĳֱ

Դ֮ء
ɫأλƵĹʥׯϢԴ֮ȾûͻͶĿ
ׯࡢס
ʥһˣʱ⡢λԶԼֹͬͣսڵȴʲô

ûãѻȸׯžķΧУһŲ翿飬بǰڤڤȻҲ֮Դ
ɽһɲֻǰһ֮£ǧɫ룬ȻֳһӰ
˾ΣһƻɬĲƽһƻõϢ
һͷܣ籡ʥϢֳֳһߣƣ
һӰʥһ˽ԶЩ㵣ͬʱҲͫһУЩ⡣
⾹ʼ棡
˸еԭ֮һ
ͻأֵӰƺǡǸӦߣ
˸е㵵ԭ֮
ӦߵϢ֮ΰ̤֮ˣ
ԭ֮
ݵĳ֮󣬳ѹõձʥһ˽Զסɫò
ԭΪ콵ɫȻʼѲЩѣʶȡ
˭룬ֵĲʼˣǸӦߣ
β𾪣
޾ķŭȻʡӿͷӦ֮ǰɱʮλڣֶβ̺ǵûʼ˳ŵĵطŷˣ
Ϊͻƽ֮
ټʱ⡢أԻڻȾƿǰǺл
Щʥβ
Щڴ˿̶׹ԭ֮ǰԴ֮ֳ󣬲ʼ𣬶Ӧͻƽʱɣ
һʱ֮䣬ͬҲǾŭӣļ٣ƿնѵʥһעҪ
ͬʱʱ⡢λҲΪƽͬΪ߻ʼ棬ʶԴͼô˻һɱԷֻ֮顣
˭룬ֵȴȻӦߣ
нԶЩʧЩŭӦߣʲôʱֲãƫƫʱ֣ҳʱ򻹹Ū飬ɫӰ쵽ǵսչֱõ
УΨӦĸЩ
ڸղţ㱻ûʱ֮׼ԱͶԷƴʯ٣ȴû뵽ȹؼʱ̣ԭΪǱʼȣимѣȴû뵽ԼľȻǳϫһ
һʥһĳˡΪʲôҪԼ
ӦȻֱ֮࣬ȴϫĳ֣ƺǰ⡭


2164 ɫ
ϫĳûʲôʯ쾪˫𺳳棬Ĵ㵺ͷŭ
˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵġ
ʱǿ԰еջ֮󣬾ͽĿɨһڽʣʥһ
ȻĲʼ棬Բѹעڳϫϡ
Ⱦ£ƿȥԴ֮̽Ѱʼ䣬Ҫġ
ȣһӦ߶ѣ㲻ʲô
λû뵽ɣεľǣȴɱڶ˵Ӧߡ
ʱĮڣǴ翹ǹԹÿһ·
˻һԶһʥһԶɫòѿ
ʥһսҲ˵ͷ
һλ뷢ŭţХ
ɱۡ
ڤ粻飡ĪҪٷϻְɡ
ɱһ仰͵һָԶĳϫСһû£ھͷӪȥ
˻ָ𣬵ԴȴΪǿƣһָʹɲ㲻ӵļơ
ҲΪϫվλãǡõ˺Щһǿ֮䣬ˣ
ҹף˿̳ϫվǻһӪеһԱҲöԳϫ֡
ǳϫִԲ򣬲ԸȥҲ˳ǱڵĻ
ӽ쿪ʼҳϫִƣһУҲõҵıӡ
ֱʱϫ̧ͷĿ⿴ʱ⡢λƽݡ
ܵһɫΪʵԣӿϫ֮УõȻһ䡣

Ԩӳ졣
˫ΡԲԡ
ڤ
£ͬԡ
ͻͲ࣡
һεΰѹȵذ뱯
ȫһ
ʥһ˽Զ㵣ţһ˵ʲôҪִʥһ
ֱôĿ
Щŭѵ֮ǰǵĵϺ޼ɣɱ¾һӦ߶ҿڳԣҪȾָǵһУֱ̫
ѵΪ֮󣬾Ϳ޷ˣ
ЩʥѲʲôʱʥһܵȳ裿
Ѱ಻סҪȥͳϫƴȴΪϹŶסĪ嶯Сȥ͹ҧ
ɽۻ
һɲǣһʥǿ߾ȻģȻأԷһ뵽ӦԼͶԵУǵҲֵÿһְĺϷ

ϫ֮ԣʱ⡢λҲΪԼˣСѵˣ
ɵϫƵı仯ȴһݣ˲жϳһԲڿЦ
ҳϫ¶ƣõҲЩԾһսΪСһܹӵƣҲʵƺˡ
֮ǰҲעϫս֪ھʱܹ羳սɱʮλʥһϹŶڡ
Сһ˳Ϊ֪սַ˺εȾ˵ɱ䡣
ɱһСһƣɻŭѣһʱϽԶһĨ֮ɫ
˭
֮ɽµĵͣ
֮ǰеʥһ֪жٸɵһ½ĵˣ
һ֪ôСȷҪΪУ
ʱޱѴһĨɱвζʮ㡣

ϫҡͷ
ȵ㻹Ͻ
ϫƳһۣҵ˼ǣǲʸΪУ
˻
Щԭӿֵʥһǿ߽ԶһӦߵĿδ̫˰ɣ
˵λ֮ɽ£ϰĵͲʸΪУЩʥһǿ߶еЩ
ͲʸЩʥһǿʲô
Ҫ֪ղŲеĵʮλ⻹ʸ
СӼֱǷˣ
⻹ʥһǿߵķӦ֪Ǳһ޵ߵ֪仰ֻθˡ
ΪˣϫͷһӾɱ
СһȻ֪Ǳھ·
羪׵ĴУΰӰ͵һָЮֲɫ׵磬ݺһ¡
䣡
ܻ֮ĳɫֱʱգ˲Ϣֳϫͷɱ¡
̫ɲ֮ǰ֪жʥһĵһ֮¡
һìͷָĳϫ
ŸոսΪĿֵܵס
ʥǿѽס¶һĨЦΨӦһĲ̣ϫղžһ⣬ӣ
һ˵λ֮ǰԴǰԵҲǴʹ졣
ʶӦһЩ嶯Ҫȥϫ
¡
һ˲ϫ˾ͱҫޱȵĳɫǣƺ㡣

Ӧź
ʥһǿ߽Զ¶һĨʧǻָϫܹλƴһ˭ȴ˲
ղŵĿ֮ֲһһһͼȾָƿʥһ
С󣬲һ
мԭΪϫܹһû뵽һﾹǿиɣʵ˱ġ
ʱ⡢λҲЩ⣬Ӧ߱ԤпҪܶࡣ
ҲڴʱԭǳϫȫĳɫȻһҹȫע⡣
ǵҰУǹɫڰ㣬ȫһգӳֳ˳ϫǾεӰδ
ָ⣬أһ貵ĳɫ׵磬ѱޱȡ
˼һĻõȫжһһȻû
ãӦд󺰣ѵӦ뵽ϫԲܻôױɱ֮ǰϫ״һʱⳤаԼ£
ϫĿɫƽƸղŸ˼֮ЩͲ飬ҲǵڻеoҲ²ⲻӦǴ
ͫȻһƲųϫܻƺǲԼһ׻
ҲƺǱϫһܣӶЩɡ
ЩԾСӱлҪ鷳һЩһֵ׼
ԱߵʱɣƵƵ˸ǰϫ̫ϢԶһսΪǿ߱ȫһ
ȷЩΡ
˵ͷɱ֡
Сٽӱһ
ǿ޼ɣϫ׻һõܵĪƣ͵һɫΪһƬҫɽ
ɫ
ƿص֮򣬿ƳȻĿֲ
ȻѾһгĨϫκ֡
ͬʱϫɱһָȻֳһĨɫĽ档


2165 ɱ
һλǿı־յ֮Ƿǿ
˿ʩչġɫһӿ֣ؽԻΪɫڣɱ١
ǵȿɲһĻõԶʥһɫ䣬˱ܲѣǿɲ뱻С
ϫûж㣬ǱȾ룬ǡɫС
ҰУҲڡɫеһС
ʱ⡢λҲֻܾһ޷ŵһС
Ϊһλ۵̺֮յ֮Լ־ܣԼԸñ˿Ƕϲ˿ŵġ
¡¡
ɫ׵ؼ裬ʮƬضòȶʱŤǬһݡ
ֻܴ֮ͷųĺ˾жϳǡɫڱһҵɱ

ʥһЩӣǼȺ޲óϫɱͬҲ޲ɱ
˵ͬھһĽ
Ҳֻ룬ǸǣȴڣϫʤĻͲ
ʱ⡢ͬЩûǰȡֻ֮·ϣûбЩʥһסȴϫСסˡ
ϫķ֣һ˿̤ʵĸоǲò
ȥԶһʥǿߣ񶼹עһսϡ
һжΪϫ̫ˡ
ǷԸ⣬òϣϫӵеսҪԶԶǿʥһκһλǿߡ
Ͼϫھʱƾһ֮һֵʮλȫɱˡ
ֽΪսȻַ˷츲صı仯
һжʱ⡢УȻѳϫѰ˿
˵ϫǽԴ֮֮ĵһֵһĶ֡
Ҳ֪췣ǿһĻлθ룿
ʱһڹעĵһ췣ǡ
ֻʱ벻ڳϫһ̣췣޷ŵ﷢һУ

ʱһһţǡɫһ˿Ҳޡ
ʥһǿнԶ⸡һ˿죬Ӧ߸ոսȻǿᵽȵزˣ
ǾһܣҲãܺƴܾˣǾٺòˡ
ʱ⡢˴˻һۣһ˿̤ʵĸоԽԽǿˡ
۳ɰܣǱ̲һսȥ
ü
ҲΪ
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ֻ֮
ǿʥʼ˵ӦУ
ѵʼǱӦɱԴ˽űӦᵽֵģ


2166 ֮
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˽˿һĻ»ΪڶԴǽ棬ֻͨ춥ڲŶãԽɱԽǿֲ
һ̱˵ûܹǿԴ⡰֮䡱ڣܹһ˲Ҳᱻɱʬǲ棬


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2167 ҳϫҹ
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ڶ͵ٶѳһɾҺԩ޳ǵĴϣлܹһ·Σ
һʥǿһ𣬼ݣڶ;ȻϴˣȻһսΪӦ飡
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2168 ٶ
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ѿҪڶط߸ѪֻҪִͨԭڻһӪأҪط硣
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ͳĬã˵һֱרעԼĵ;һжĮģɵʱҲŷ֣ԭҲἵʣ᲻ʣԼҵĵġˡ


2169 һͿ
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ڵһսߵսУһοϫһ֮նɱһ۷ʥʱͳ֪Լĳ⡣
һΣᵽʲôдܺȻΪ֪Լȥһ۷ʥᣬ޷쵽һ
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ͳʶԼͳϫ֮ĲʱĬãҲȻãججʧȥһ;Ķ
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ָֻ˴ǰĳȡݡƽòi·ˣ˵ϢԼأһ˿ǣ
ͳȥһ˿ǣȻҵǰĳϫ

ãһ˵ġ
ͳĿƽؿųϫԣĿĺܼ򵥣Ψһս
ϫͳ辭һЩʲôǿŶԷƽᶨִŵĿ⣬ʱףӦһԻס
ü˼Ƭ̣˵һһĵ;þҪֳߵͣĶ֣ʵԼ
ͳͷס
ϫӶԷã˵㲻ס
ͳü
ϫתȥ
ߵȻȻûһ˿ɣ·ýѾýѾôֻʣ뿪
ʲô
̫Ȥ
ͳüͷһšԶϫıӰջûס
ϵһбġѪ񷡱ʣѪǹһմ̳
򵥡ɾһǰ
ⲻ֮һǹѻͳǿܡ
ƽһл֮ǰûʲôΨһѪɫǹӰٿȻڳϫ󣬶
һǹ֮ޣԹھţ
ɵͳĿһĻȴǳǣпɬԭѵִﵽĸ߶С

ʱ򣬳ϫǱһǹӰ㣬ٿȻʧΨһĨѪɫǹ¶ؼ䣬Ʊ
ȻǳϫӰ
ͳҲĿһĻ֪Լӳһ̣ѾһͿء
ǿһǹȴһӰ
ͳ
ǣΪʼգδֳϫʵѾ뿪
ϫʲôʱ뿪Ķûпȷ֤ӳһͳȷѾˡ
ǲࡣ
һ̣ͳҲڿһ࣬ȴ޷֪྿ж󡭡
ڸѪ֮ãͳһ̾Ѫ񷡱ҲҪˣԹĿĶȥ
ɪӰڿտؼԵ쳣¶

߱ߵأڻһӪС
ССԨϥӪǰ˴˳Ĭԡ
ڵȡ
Ӿϫһ̿ʼǾԼؽᱻһͽ

ҲʣõĴ𰸺ܼ򵥣ڡ
ǵĵĸĴ𰸣޵ߣ޵ľ˳⣬Υοڣ
ֻǣһ뵽˴γϫľ⻤֮սУвһ̾Ϣ
ϫˣǵĸɾûˣû飬δȻ
γϫزô죿
ԨȻڣɱңһȴЩɡ
֪
СС˫ɸɾС˵һ䡣
أ
ԨһĽ
ҡ
죬һݣҧҾʲôʱˣȥһݺɱһϫȻٷ壬ҵҪʱΪͽЩһҲҺ˺
Ԩ˵ͷ뷨
ٺһЦ̲סʵأ
Ԩ˼ࡣ
СС̧ͷΪĵбԨһۣûֵܱܲòһһЩ
ԨȻҸô죿
ССʱƲƲ죬ң㹻ˣӽ뻤֮սʼͷ۵֪ͲӦһ˻ˮ
Ԩô˵ˣ
ССʱ񱻲ȵβ͵èƵըˣе˭ڣССȻһȥɽʹûкڹʲô
Ԩͷͺá
ССȴŭδأԷ߷ߵȻҼңһܣ
䣡
˵ʱһѱ䵶ƾո֣Ԩͷһ
Ԩʱһ͵ܹȥŭʲô
ССܣ
ԨƤ͵һߣսⱩӿŶҵҲʶʶˡ
ˣʱѣæеλλл˵˺
죡
ССԨԼͬȳ⣬˴ĿһԶսȼ
ϱ죬Ψֱ֪ԶԶ㿪
¡¡
սܣһƬҡ
սʮ㣬Ҳ飬ֱɱû찵أɳʯ޹⡣
ˣȴ̾˿ԨССʵԶڷйеĽ
ϫٳٲ飬̷ֲ磬õǴһʱάȣ˭ûһЩƣ
ǽʱҲ޲ʲôҲˣʹɱһϳȥ
һյʱ
ս
ССһͷģһȴģ͸һ˿㣬һе䵶һ̾Ϣ
һ࣬ԨҲͷڣΪǱɫȴǱñƽࡣ
ʲô
һ
ܡ

ССԨڴһ䣬һĿͬһһεӰԴɻؿǡ
ϫ
˻ȻüԶһĨϲɫһȻŻˣ
ϫѣˣ
ԶĽ۴УһϲģʱССԨһģһֱ̫ˡ
ɲòϣʵҲϲüѡʶҲóȥЦ
һˡ
ϫ˵ͷ¶һĨ΢Ц
ҲӽԴ֮սɱǵĮϵһ¶Цݣɾ㡢Щҫۡ
ССԨˣҲӶЦ
ͬʱԴ⣬ȴһȻ𡪡


2170 
شӪأպء
һӳֳԴ֮սĹĻһ̿ʼӪеվͱЩĬ
һڵɫ죬ŸԵ¡
Ļʱǿ˶ɫԴ֮أζʼ
Դˣһ͡췣ֱԣʼ汾ѻٵֻʣһ־ʱ⡢λ͵Ķ֡
ֻǣڴ˵Ⱥãȴδʱ˴ֻ֮طԲⷺһ˿ɡ
ѵԴ֮л䷢
û֪
ǵһ͡췣Ҳ޷ŵԴ֮еһС
ʵԭЩʼֻʣһ־Ϊܹ赲סһ͵Ŀ̽
һû˵ԭҲöʡ
ֻʱţбԽԽ
ǶԺ̫Ͻַ̺̬ȵĵ塢ʮһʮͣ˿Ҳһ˿ǡ
Ǻʱֻ֮ϣìܲǳ˺Ƥ
ټʮʹӵһ𣬾һֱһУ˴ֵܣµĿĥ£βƣҲǽһìܣǳΪ˵ĵز
ԣٳٲʱ˳֣ǵҲʵҲ
䣡
͵ӪԭյĹٿȻһްΰӰ߳
Ӱ޵ĹӰۣݣȴǿˣһһ޲һơ
ˣǵһ͡췣
ִƵģе֮
һ;ʱڳһڵͽԶһݣƺЩ쳣
Ȼһ͸һͳλս׼ɣʷյһս
͸һĨɱ
ʲô
λͽԶ΢΢һ
ս飬һֱԺ̫Ͻ̺ҲǣǱ׿ɼһս
һĿһɨ塢ʮһʮͣ˵һֲɵʵ
˽ԶĬòͷܹʶһͲڿЦ
ˣһƺɫԻĿһĵߡڰλͣһֱҲʱһȷľˡ
͡е͵ڰ˵͡ѪԨԶ˵ͷ̬صزԲԹۡ
Ψߵ͡Ĭãŵ֪ԭ򡣡
һƺ˽ߵ͵Ը񣬶Դ˲δա
˼Ƭ̣˽ԶĿ֪޷һʱ⡢ǡѾˡ
϶ͳ͸޾˸С
һɲǣȫž
еһԿصӿ㾪ô˭ܹɱЩͣ
ܣ
ʼ棬ƾֻ֮飬Ҳ޷쵽һ
ǡ
һԲ鿪Цʱˣ˭ɱǣ
ӿ羪κˣХڳÿһλͷõɫҲǱò𾪣б
֪˭ģ
ߵʵһǵĮʯϣ¶һĨᵽµɱ
ܿͻдˡ
һͻ
˭Ϊ˸ۣ
ߵնɱء
Ҳ¶ɱʱǵбѣ޷ܡ
Ѿһ֮ɽ£һ꣬һ𹩷һ֮ɽ
ûһߵͬ龹Ȼȥһλ
һ̣ҲʶһΪλ˵пʷٵա
ڶ͡͡ĵܹ½ɱⱾ֤ص˺εȳ̶ȡ
֪ͨӪеˣ̴Ӵ˳룬Ը
һʲôȻ

ӪعʮֱԶͨԴشӪ֮⣬˿ӪнԶ̻һЩԻһĲսߡ
֮ǰΪڵһսϵıʣõð˿ڵвսߣ׷״սгأطӪС
ǲδоʹ뿪Ϊ껤֮սľ飬һ֮սδʹ˽뻹óµʱ䡣
һӪС
ӵȻüͷһ壬Ȼãƺ쳣
һǻ͵˫һݣ˺£
ӵǵ˸ɫϾЩ̴ӷ֮ɽ룬û˵ԭ򣬿̫ˣѵȡֻ֮жʧˣ
ǻ͵˫ҲʱЩɲ֪ǰȡֻ֮ĿλͣʧܵĻƵȷѱ
ߣȥһʾֻ֮ǣǽص֮κʧ
ӵһϡ

һӪС
ȥôˣҲ֪ϫǼһ﾿ǷѾˣ
δ̫ˣһ˴ǸѪԾȥˡ
ûô򵥣һΪأ
ƨô׽ҵһȥˣֵһӦߣ
һ˵СѽΪɱˣӦߣЩݷԴ֮еһϹɿܻ뿪
һԻһĲսڽ̸ĺȻǳϫֻǽԶΪϫ޻ŵĿܡ
òˣСӼŻҲ˴
Ȼһʱԭڽ̸죬¶һĨɵ
Ϊ˵˿
ֻ˿̵ɫÿüһĨ޷ȥطӪ֮һֱˣһ۳ϫɫͻΪѿ
˶ԭ򣬵Ҳȥ˿ùͷ
ֻ˿ƺЩֹס˽̸֮󣬲δʹȥǣ˼˵ͽССԨܵγͷ
˵ʱ˵Ҫ̽ɱģҲ˵Ҫú
ҲԥССǵݿɶ򵥣ͽҲܹȥġ
ڴˣ˿Ȼ˵ҵ˼⣬ӣǡǰǵΪȫˣЧȡ
˵ʱƤһɱɱǶĥˣ
ڴʱһϵȻ𣺡б䣬˴λ֮սˣ뿪֮ɽԸ
ȫȻֲ⾿ʲô䣿ΪҪǰ֮ս
вǾ仰еĺ壬ɻ󣬿ɻʶˡ
ǵʹ˵Բд
Ҳ˺ܲľʹ뿪˿ڵȷϳϫǷϢųССԨͽĻľʹ뿪
һӣ˿ɫüΪѿߣ
ҲڴʱĿⲻһƳ͵ؾͿ񷼫ԶĵطһϤӰ
˿ʱͫţĺݺݳ鴤һȻûôΪʲô


2171 ʽ
ϫ
˿Բῴ»Ϊǻңܹϳ
Ӧôܹŷأ
˿޷ܣ߱ߵصӪʱĿ֮±ϫһ仰ŵĶӣĪɿܻˣ
һɲ˿ɫ࣬ɭȻ˼£Ӧ߾Ȼһ
ѵΪЩͽɱһǿҲû취ˣ
ϣϫӰ˫ָһϮڷ죬ͥŲ㡣
Ʋ죬ÿһʱ¸׳ƳõǰеٶҲǿ쵽˼¡
ϫվס
ۼϫӰͽʧ˿Ҳ಻סȡ
ʲô
ϫӰ΢΢һ٣ĿĮȻɨ˿һۣڸһֻϡ
Ŀ˵Į˿类̼ɫˮŭҪջ١
һӦ߶ѣ񷵻ʮλʹӪУȻſֱ
ʲô㣿
˿ȳ⣬Ե޿֣ӪһжѾʮ͵Ӵ־ǣϫ֣ͲҳԼ֡
෴£ϫѵͶͲȥһλͳ֣ת˲һֻϰɣ
˿ֱʱûʶеĳϫѺȫͬ
֪ϫ֮ǰոɱʱ⡢λͣŵٴĶӣĻ
ϫȻ˵ЩȫûҪֻǵĮɨһ۲֪ԼǰQͣ˿ҡҡͷתȥ
ǰѶĨȥԷ
ͬϫһ˿޷ĵزøԷƽôࡣ
һֻϵ
ᣡ
ǳϫ˿̵̬
վסվס
ϫԹȥʼԼ㣬˿ŭڣɫŤƵľͳȥһҪͳϫƴĴ㡣
ʵ˿ǣϫӦ߶ˣʮ;ȻӲ辿ô£
ðգжȥԷ£Ͳʮͻͳϫ֮䱬һս
˵˻ᣬһͰѳϫӦĨˣ
ò˵˿뷨ҲȷһֺܺġơжѰΪ˱ӻλԻһϵȲеĿʮȫԥɱϫˡ
ڡ
Ѿȫͬ
ϧǣ˿֪ԼµΪжôЦͻ
ҪϫʱͿԷٿȻֹ͵һϲһԱ嵽ˣ
ɰڶԳϫսļɵ˿δֱӶ֡
ڵȡ
ϫǣҲûһ˿Ʊסһ㣬˿ϲһĨܣȻһѲΣգױɵˣ
Ƭ̣ԶϺȻһϵͳӦߣû뵽Ȼġ
ϣϲԷּ⣬˿һܵһǰδеѹ֣̲סҪء
һϲǵʹˣȻǵʹ˳ˣϫɿܻл·
˿ͷʱԶߣƾոֳһΰӰͨɹӰ۶ɣޣͷųִơ
ͨ
˿һ̾Ǳ˫ϥһУȴ벻⣬ɫܶϵؽеʹˣϫˣɱֶͨαѪȣﵱʹ̳֣˵ɱһǬ
˻͸Īķ߿Ȼ
˿Ȼǣһ̣һƬȣΨ𵴣ȴκλ졣
Զĳϫ㲻û
Զĵһ͡췣ͬûע⵽Ĵڡ
˿һɻҰοʹ˺ε϶ԼĻӲġ
ǵȷɱġ
һֱĬĳϫȻ̧ͷ˿񷣬㽫ĿɨԶĵһϣɫĮɡ
ȻǴӣ
ԣһӦߣܰ쵽һ
ʵˣӵõʲô˲õϻԵߡֻ֮
ֻ֮ǵȷпܣԶԶ
ô࣬ɱ˴ӣؽף
˿ӾȻǣڳϫǾ仰һ£Զߣٴ½ӳֳһΰޱȵӰȻһλλʹˣ֮ǰĵһͣ˿ʮλʹ
ô£
ֻǶԸϫӦ߶ѣΪλʦڣ
ʮλʹ˰δ̫߿ϫˣ
˿ȻоԼԴЩʹˣǰľһ˿ףȴ޷˵ﲻס
ǰȴд󶨣ģ˵ʮλʹһϫѷɣڽӣ¾ɽЩϹŶʱԸȣҲ޼ƿʩ
λʹˣӵȷǸˣƾӲ˻һֻͬҪɱܷвŵܣ
˿಻סеĿܣٶߵ׳
ʼգŹ򵹵ƣԵޱȡ
һ̣̲סԺлϫɱʱҳǶһĨЦ
аૣϫҲĶ֣ǡȻңôȴע
룡
͵أһװڶ˿һ£ڲѡ
Ȼ̧ͷ룿ʹ˵˭룿
͸оһʹһֲޱȵ־һôˣ
ϫԶΪҪ־Լϣ
ѵ
䣡
˿Ӧֻ׻Ȼ飬һľʹӿȫõ˿סһޱȵĲҽУס鴤
ףԭЩʹ˵Լ롱
˿̲סһ࣬ҲڴʱϫתͷͬƳһۡ
ǵĮĿУ͸һ˿

˿Ȼǰһڣʧȥʶ
ûףΪʲôΪʲô
Ҳ˿޷ģ˳ϫУ˱ϣĵʹ£γһỊ̄

˿ˣʬɳƵ׹أɢͫأԲһĨȻ
ϧȴûȥһۡ
Գϫԣ˿̸ʲôҲһ˿
ʮλͶԣ˿һ˷СɱɱˣҲûʲôˡ
⣬˿֮ܵĴûͬ飬ûбʲôûκһ˿
ڲμӻ֮ǰһλһĿ۷ϵȲϵֱϵᣬҫ˫ϣΪĿ
վΪһʬ
ʽ


2172 ֮
ؼȣš
Ƿ֮ɽʮ͵ĵ̡ӷ֮ɽһ̿ʼǱڴˡ
ֻʮУȴѾλ״ʧʣ˾λ
֮ɽԣǾλͶԣԶƵһʷǰĴ󶯵
һеġԶӦߣ
һ̣λ͵Ŀ־Զڳϫϣɫ죬ԶĬ
ص˼Ϣعš
֮ǰǽԶΪʱ⡢˴˴жؿֵֻ֮
ȴû뵽ʱȴһȥ
֮ǰǷŭΪʱӦʼС
ȴû뵽־ȻǸӦߡ
֮ǰǶδǸӦ߷УǰһնΪճеʼ档
ȴû뵽նȴһжף
벻Ľ֣λҲ޷е򶨣߿ѵɱӿ޾
һӦ߰ڲμӻ֮սǰӵоΪѣЩУϰ㲻˭ҲδС
Ȼ޳˭Ҳû뵽һĮӵϣڽ뻤֮սȴ˶ѪȲ
ֹһ֮ڸһ۷ʥᣬͳ衢ڤ׺˿˶ǰȻʧɫ
ˣҲˣϾٹҲֻһѡ
ɺԴ֮е飬ȴЩͶݣڵһοʼӦߡ
ǿӦԾΪ½ɱ桢λʥһϹŶڡ
ǿӦʮλǿߵΧ£һɱΧȫʮλ
ʱӦǾΪ
ޱȵսɿܲ𾪶ݣ
ҲǴһ̿ʼЩѼס˳ϫѽˣֻ䷵ʱͽɱĨձسɴ󻼡
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ϫһηʱȴѽ֮ɱ˵ڶĵͣ
ţ޷ܣȲпʵǰȴòԴ¡
ϫǿǿò˼飬ܹɱЩ͵ģҲ
ֶһϫ
һڽ֮ɽʱǾΪȴӵɱЩ
Ǹӳϫ
ڣԶȻһ˵ĳϫǽʣľλȫˣÿһԴ䵱Ķֿǰǰӡ
ֻǡ
أɻǣӦߡΰ쵽һģ
ǲ֪Ҳʱ⡢λǰҲ벻ͨһɻ
Щһ̶ѲҪ
ΪֻҪɱϫ֪𰸣

˶ˣǱ㶯ְɡ
ͬʱϫҲڵĮɨӶԷˣƽһ˵
һȫԵȣȻ̬ȣͲ˭жǿԺ޼ɣ
֮ˣǾλȻܹܵ¾ò΢΢һУɱŨ
䣡
УȻӳֽ̣ľˮ֮λÿһ̣ųһâ˴˽ӳܻһ硣
ǵ͡е֮򡪡֡
УǹһĻʯڣν⣬ڳ䣬ʵ˵ľΪѳȻһ֮⡣
еġ֡ͬƿصܻۣ֮ǵ˸Ž
ϣ
ͬʱһɫӳϫӳ֣һš
ۿҪ۳εġ֡ǴһʶȻ顣
һƵе֮
еɫʱһɫȴǿǰء
һ֣
һ취³֡
Ȼֻһȴǳϫȷӵвǵ
ҲӲһ֤ʱ⡢λǱӦ
Ͳصһѣĸսӵ޾ḻĴڣͬһʱ̣жϳơ
ʶڵһʱԭĬǽԶ붯ˣһõĻɽȻ
ˡ
һƬɫۣʬɽѪ׹ɭɭΪѪɫ̢ء
֮֮͡򡪡ڰ֮;

ӰкХһԸ죬콫̤˻ġ
ʮ͡ս֮֮򡪡ս顱
ֻһ˲ڰ֮;͡ս顱֮򣬾һ绯Ϊһȫ֮
ֻĺɫУսʬɽѪУ˻ϣɱ֮ʮɲ˼¡
ֹˣһ˲һƬ֮УÿһռԶȼһҫ۵Ľɫ棬ǿռֱҪﶼУ׷ٻ
ǵʮһ֮͡򡪡֮⡱
ֻȻ֮⡱͡ڰ֮;֮ս顱֮Ҳһ
Ҳ˵ڶֵһɲ塢ʮһʮͱ㽫˴˵֮ںϣͼҪǿһɱϫ
˵λΪԺ̫Ͻ̺ĵͣȴΪʱ˵٣ìͷֱָϫȥ
һ˲ϫ˶û֮ں϶ɵС
Ѫɫ̢սڳɱһɫڿռȼգϫԭء
һл㣬û˳ϫˡ
ܹﱵϳˢǱ顢Ѫһգ۶ѣƺͽױĨС
һĻٵͽԶ¶һĨЦ
塢ʮһʮ͸һ֣Ѷǿһں֮ȫɱ£ЩͣҲסȹˡ
սḻĺôһսκ֣һɱ
ͬģû˷ɾ裬ȷϳϫȥǾԼ¶κһ˿
˿̣岻֣ȴԴֻҪһ˿ףǱ㽫ǿԮ
֮Իغ;裬ҲΪϫչֳսᵽһ˿в
Ҫ֪ʱ⡢λͿɶڳϫУȻ²͸ϫΰ쵽ģʵȴѷⷴ
¡¡
ɫУϫ类һռ䣬񱩵Ѫɫ̢ս鿳ɱ˵ĽǴ𣬼ҲӰ
һĻȷǾףźλһܻѰɱȣ
κһλ־УҲһ˿Ļˡ
ȻЩͽԶȻǣƬʱȥȻϫƺ׻ٵϢδĥ


2173 ֮
٣Ϣ
Щ֮ɽѲ֪˶飬ȻҲϢ𣬲㳹ȥ
Ƕһ˲ְ취һ٣ʣһϢǿ߾Ȼ
ϢվϢϫѱٵѵ䱾Դ˴Ҳûʲô޶塣
£ֻ轫һĨϢĨ͵ڳɱһ˿ܡ
塢ʮһʮȻҲһ㣬Ͳѣһת˼£ȫȥɱϫǽʣµһϢ
ת˲֮䣬ǺɫУɱɲһͷųԵߵ죬Ŀֲ
̫£
޵߿ǱøεѲɣ
⣬λ͵ֶΣ
ڳϫеʱ⡢λͣǵսûǿ٣ɴһʼսǾδ¶һ˿δκСϫ
෴Ϊ˶ԸϫڵһУñǿ֮ʶȡǰЧ
ֻǡ
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ôܣ
ͽԶһУʶ˳ϫǿͿ£ǸղûܹϫһסƾԲᷢչ˳ˡ

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֣͸һɲɵζ
塢ʮһʮͽԶһ͵һҧǽԼȫ뵽֮϶ɵС
һɱ˳ϫһϢɾͶˣ
Ȼһд۶ֵһɲԭϫӰ׸ǵУһĮٿȻ𡪡
磬˭𣿡
һ仰ƽһɶᾡص֮š
һ仰̢µѪɫ类߬סߴߣһҲУȻ顣
Իս쫷ϯƵϯգ׷׻С
һɫĿռ䣬ҲٿȻϨɢӰ
һ仰ϫӰ³֣ԣ˳Ⱦһĺܹӳ죬Įһ˿
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һڵͫ΢΢ţԶͻһĻһЩš
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ڰ˵͡ѪԨ֮֮򡪡Ѫ֮Ԩ

ͬʱ͡е۳֡ӳվ֮ϣܻת
ߵ͡Ҳˣڳϫ£̿һ··᫲ƽܲңң֪ͨη
ǡ֮·һֿѰʵɱ˿ɲޱȵ֮һ̤У;ıɱΣ类㡣
Ѫ֮Ԩʱԭĺɫضʱʼȶ
֡ʱϫٶȱѹľˮû
֮·ʱÿһ߾УһֱĴС
Ѫɫٶȿ֣սٶȷӵһɫٶȼÿһռС
֮һ̣һƬסϫأѴʼ֮ںΪ֮
λһ֪Ȼεȿֲˣ
ڵһͿѩ˴ŵЩһһǰӪȣһʱ̴֣
ѰͲֵһɹУ˵ϫˣԱ첻

ȻһΣϫ䱻ûӰȴ綨룬ǵûٶ˺ǿʢ
⣡
һڵ𺧣ôλһ֮ǰλһ
ôܣ
ѵ֮ǰǳϫһֱδս
һֵԭ侲ģһҲ𶯣þɲٴС
ףΪеڶĵʱǣΪλᱻˡ
ƾǰһĻԿϫ֮£Ҳ޷ó
䣡
ǻعһ̵ĳϫ֮ǰǰ㱻չ
һ̤һ֮·Ȼ飬ֽ㲻һ
ߵ͡͵ɫһס
ϣ
ɫĹֻ֮ںģ泯һ̣һġѪ֮ԨȻݣ顣
ڰ˵͡ѪԨһʹƺߡ

ɫɨһ˲ǡסǡս顱ǡ֮⡱ǡڰ֮;
еһУȫȻ飡
ͬʱ͡ʮһ͡ʮ͡ͽԶӰһΣһ˿Ѫա
һ˵ʵӳϫչٵһɨı߰˷ĹԶһ˲⾰ɣ
һ˲һ֮ںһأʹ˷ֱΪ񱩹ɢ
һĻþ춯֣һֱѴ˳棬Խ췶룡
һڵͺȻĮ侲ɫڱã粻ӿһ޷ѹƵľκˡ
⡭һսΪӦܹ쵽ģ
¾ɽ֮٣Ҳ˰ɣ
ǵڷУս֮£ɴȴ޷ռ֮;Ҳȥռ֮أΪôˣеᱻջأǵˡ
ĮӰУϫⲽĮ忡ϴһ˿޵ļڽ
һڵɫϫе˼ǵȻֻǿһи׷ռ֮;޵ߣԶˣΪݵģ
Ӧߣضԣڣע޷뿪ɽڣ췣ɣ
ʱһֱĬĵһһڣ͸һǰδеľȻ
ͬʱλɫ䣬Ҳ¶һĨϰľȻ֮ɫ
뿴񷡣
һ˲֮ϣȻӳֳһĮȻӿ޾϶ɲ
һ֣֮ɽ͵ؾҲµĳѹ
Щδ뿪ĻһսߣԶֲڵأɪɪֲ̿
Դ֮أʥһ˽ԶȻɫ䣬֪˺ε䡣
ĸһǿһȺϹŶԶһĿͬһ޲д𺧺Ȼ
췣
صһĳ̫һץвյʧǡ
췣
һѩૣзһĨء
һ̣֮ɽԼԷ֮ɽΪĵĸУԶһֲУһϢǡ
һ̣ϫҲ̧ͷ죬һֻϤġ췣֮ۡɫĮȻ


2174 
췣ۣ֮
ϫһֻе֮ʵ̫ϤˣۣԵ֮ϡ
ʱϫ췣֮ۡ
;УҲ½мĿù췣֮ۡ䣬޾췣
ϫϤΪÿһĳ֣ȻͼƬ춯Ӷһǿҵų񲨶
һΣ֮ɽϣʮλ͵Χ췣֮ٶȳ֣ͷų
𶯣ţԷ֮ɽΪĵУ޾𺧡
һ˲ϫͬһ˿
ſͼϫڣúȫͬ˿ϸֳġ췣֮ۡϫȻûľºͺȻ
ĵĳγƽɫĮɣһλγе޵С
˺ǿ󣬵ϫȻ塣
һ˲ϫջĿ⣬Զʮλ͡
췣֮۳ֺЩɫ϶ׯ࣬Ʊ֮ղžǿ˲ֹһ
嫵ԣӯϣϲͷɢõһ̺Ǹϵϡ
ͷ·Ǳڵףе
ǵһ͡췣һ̵֮⣬󡢹ͨ񷣬ʮ
ߵߣִ췣֮ҪʾȻ֮
ֲ̫
췣ͷųѲǵܹƿأһ
ʱ򣬿»κһλǿڴˣֻ¶ầȻɫ䣬η֮£㣡
ƿˣ̤ͨվ޷򿹺⡣
һ̣ʮλϫĿУûκξɡ⡢߿ȵֻһɼµĮȻ
ʮλ֮ףһɾԵ֮
Ȼһ췣ۣ֮֮ͨʮλʰţӵɱϫıʤ֮ġ
ȷ췣֮ۺճǰ˭һս
ʥʼ䱾ͬҲǱ̫Ͻɱ
εʱɲ⣬οǳϫһӦߣ
ʮλ͵ĵڣ֮ɽԱΪΣǵУǺεǰҲǲһ
ϫܹܵЩͷųĮȻϢδ˵ʲôֻǽеĲɫңңָ˹ȥ
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ˡ췣֮ӿͷųޱȵϢ
ƾ췣֮ʾһʱ޷ѹסϫͷųһɻɬϢ
췣֮۵춯ʮλҲܵӰ죬Ʒ·ҪնϺ췣֮۵ϵ
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췣ں˵ȫںеܣڴ˿̽䣡
֮ɽʼƱ仯һƬҹĺڰУ˵˼¡

ϫһתֱָ񷣬³֡
ȻһгѹʱգѾγһƬڰ˺һҫ۵ѷ졣

ϫٶ³֣Գ棬¡һҵĹ籼ڵ۽ʱպХڰ塢աΪޡ
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һ춯صĺ类򱬣ԣϯ䡣
ͬʱһʹൽµĲҽд
ǺȻǵ͡
λɫȻ΢΢һ䣬ԭźڣ˭Ҳû뵽ںˡ췣֮֮ۡ󣬷ǵûһɱϫһ֮Уͳ䣡
Ҫ֪п̺һƣܹ֮ģ
ȻһУϫ֮ͷٻ췣򣬸һɱ˵ͣ
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˵Ǵӷе壬ģҲһˡ
ϫĮɫĽһɬ£Ե
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һ˲͡е͵ʮһ͡ɫȻ̤ٿȻ͡췣֮ۡںϡ
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췣֮۷תĮӿ֮ԣſռ֮أɲںУ۳һͷ׶Ŀɫǹ
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ռ䣬֮
ںϣΪ췣֮۳һӵšС֮ܵĿֲ
֮ɽ𵴣ʥһĸ壬ǻĸеڶ໤ᣬԶһɲ𵴣а㣬һڽӰĻ̿С
һϫǲһĨȥδϵ£ΪҶڣͨ࣬޶ȣ˭£
Įƽһ仰ȴһɶᾡµʥϢһ֮ǹȴڳϫü֮أǰһ˿
ϫһ£֮ǹһ˲ȼգΪɻңʧ
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⣬Ҳζŵ͡еʮһ͡Ѿʹ˳ױĨɱҽжûü
ԭ֮ǹʧҲ֮ʧ档
ֱȸղŵ͡ˣϢ꣡

ôܣһӦߣӵڮٿ
ֻ֮û˿ֲ
ת֮䣬Ŀλͬȥõǽʣµλ֮࣬˼¡
ɫԶ࣬Ŀѣдţ˭һӦߣȻ޿κΣ
ˣ˭ɱ
һ̣ǵһ͡췣Ҳɫ䣬ʶǰӦѲһǰ򵥣
˭ܹԿ
ЩûмǵУҲδĿù˾׵顣
ǵһᵽʲôϵġ족


2175 ֮
ϣ췣֮һǰǰ㵭Įᣬӿڡ
ϫ£һΣյλãɳϫøղŵɱ¾֤Σա
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ľ顢ʶ·һ̶Եò԰ף޷֪ϫΰ쵽ġ
ȻϫѲǻᡣ
ϣ
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𶯲ѣŵһǻ˶¶һ˿
ʶϫһɲһҲˡ
λͬʱѱ֮ʣΪ֮ϣΨ֮ף֮ɱⲣ
һͳȡ
˵ʱԻͻͷţ绯ΪһĨҫ۵Ӱӣؼ䡣
ͬʱλͽԶ¶һĨȻ
֮죬ѪӦ̫ģᵱֻɱС
ɱС
ɱС
һһϡȻׯУһλһλͻȼ
ȴƲһ֮Уׯൽ˼¡
һ˲һֱĮȻ췣֮ٿȻգһ£һضԭʼڳ֮գ
ϫ͵üӰѳ嵽ЩǰɾһɲܵһΣա
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ֻ֪ʱǡ췣֮ۡûȡ֮һʢĽ˺ƻ
ͬʱһϢȻ񷽵٣ڸ¡
Ϣ˺ϣֻܹĤݣϳʥ޼
һؽɫԵľᣬڲ측֣˳ʢҫޱȣ֮ɽǣƬضȾɽӲӵĻԻɫͷųϣ
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֮
ĸУһһȺϹŶ׻ʧǡ
֮
̫еĲǿҵ˼£ѩǹžҲؿǰ
֮
ӵϵ粻оޱȵĳͻգ͵ڣǡھͷأ﷢һȫ֮
ǻ͵˫һɫأûκγɣתҴҶȥ
֮ǰڷ֮ɽϵһĻĻѱǿУʶΪ췣֮ۺͷ֮½֮ɽʱζʲô
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ϫС
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ɵ𡢼Ԫת֮Ҳӡ֤ߵĺۼ
⴫ŻģϫļʶȻ֮Ȼ˼򵥡
˿̣ںϾſͼƬΪһĵڣĿһķ֮ʱɸеһѹֺΣգ
ϫ֮ڵ壬˭С
һԼٲչжͻ𽥱Σ
䣡
һɻɬȻӳϫͷţ쫷Űʮڡ
ɽԣŨܳһ粽Щ׼Ȼȼյĵ֮ǰ
Щȴ粻϶ׯɫδһ˿仯Ͷҡûκζ
ɱС
ɱС
˵ׯϣһֱĵ
ۣ
ϫûκγɣֻ֮һɫâէ֣ٿȻһ͵ʺ
ʼգ֮ûܵκεֿ

һͣǰ¶һĨ΢ЦٿȻΪɻң֮С
ǵûóϫɣУ˿ϣһ֮ȻңӲӵĻԻ̳֮񷣬ϡ
ۣ
ϫ̧֣һɱһλͣͬûܵκεĵֿ谭׵
ֻչķ֮ϢǿʢɫĹʵʣϿɲϡ
ڵأɪɪţĤݣ׳Ƴ
ۣ
ϫĵΣոоԽԽǿңûκγɣ˸һ˲ٶնɱλͣ
ȻնɱһͣҲǵһ췣ʱȻͫһʶٿȻӶȥ
Ҳͬʱһͷһ̾Ϣ͸޾ı˸С

¡¡ϵܻһ̡ڡʥ
˺嫣ϣ糿ĺģؼӳ֣ϫУȴסƺһüͷ͵
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Ƿ֮
ϫԺиͷֻǰһʹٿȻһɫϯס

ͬʱһ̧ͷϫӰЮס뵽Ƿ֮С
续չķ֮һ̣ʼվ
һ֮񳹵ʱɽ֮ˣҲ죡
һ͸ȷϣϫ֮һ̿ʼѾ޸ܡ
ΪǷ֮
Ƿ֮ɽǿҲֲһ
磬ϢκʧȥֿĴڣΪƿغͲ
һȫıϲԵ־
ʮͣҲֻƾ׼֮񣬶޷ȥƿش
ϧӦˣҲѻǵ
һૣӰԵ쳣įʮλʹӵһ̿ʼһֱͬţͬ±Ǩйκθı䡣
ȴΪһӦߣõʮλ½ȥʮλֻʣ˵һһˣ
Ⱦ޴ı仯õһܽܵˣ
ϣʥԻ͵ķ֮ڻ£ѿҪױպʧ
ؼžԴ֮صʥһˣǻĸһᣬ˿̽ԶɲȻ֪롣
Ƿ֮ɽϵսͽˣ
ǵģҪˣ
һͺȷһԷ֮ɽԣʷΪյһսҪĻˡ
ȴһ㶼˲ӦˣʮλͬȴҲ޷õһҲû취
һ뵽һֻΪһֻ֮𣬵һ;ͲЩȻһִ̫ϽǶԻǴ
һ̾˿Ȼת뿪
ҲڴʱĶ͵һʲôһٴ˰㣬Ѫһ󷭹
ͬʱ֮ɽҲ𶯣ƲظİһǿߣԶֻ׻Ĳ㱻ʧأѹüѪ
Ƿʲô
һһɾ㤺Щѵ̧ͷĿ֮ϡ


2176 
غ
֮ɽҡζƿҪ
޾ľֻ籩ϯɢԴ֮صʥˣǻĸеĻᣬ˿̽ԶĪ־壬̻̲
һĻֱ콫ݣĩս٣
һȴƻȻĿȻ񷣬ҲһɲǣͫȻţ˶Ӳǡ
ֻϣԭѿҪ£ʧķ֮񣬾һ̱Ӳ˺ѿһ϶
񱩵Ϊɫԣһ϶бϯ񷣬ʮ
֮񡭡Ȼܵƻ
˵һ£һֻԴµӿһǰδеľκˡ
֮Ƿ֮ɽǿҲֲһ
磬ϢκʧȥֿĴڣΪƿغͲ
һȫıϲԵ־
ͬҲʮ֮ɽڣ
񣬾һ㲻࣬ϲϵȻ˺ѿһѷ졭
⻻˭Ҳˣ

һգۣһεӰӷ֮ѿķ϶߳ԡɫԣȴһ˿ֺԶԶȥͷ·һ˵ʥ֮
һӰһ͵ĺݺһ𣬲ͱ
ϫ
һﾹȻû
˵֮ϱ˺ѵһ϶Ҳǳֱʣ
ǡ
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һͺȻɫ䣬޷򶨣ʵ޷λ͵ķ֮񣬷ǵ޷ĥӦߣɹѳˣ
ôܣ
ôܣ
һ͵֮ͣи֪˶ٷ˼飬һ̣ܵʲôо޴룬ʲôоף
֮ڱڷ֮ɽ֮ϣдڣζĹԽ㸲ڴˣΪη
ȴ˺ѿһ϶ֱ͵ش˷֮ɽĸҪݿ֮ɽеߵλ
ô
һȻʧǣһӷ·꣬ʮλͬȥ֮Ҳ޷ȫõһƾһ޷ı;
ѵӽ𣬷֮ɽҪƷʧ㲻ַ࣬ĵλ


һڵѪźɫŤ࣬ĿѣʳѪ
һ̵ֱһͷеޣĵĲʺͷŭ̼
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Ϊ޷һУ
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ϫҪҪ
ޱȵ˻УһͺȻΪһͨƱǣƺȼңעɱ¡
һʱ֮䣬񷾪ŭӿ㣬ܻΪֲ췣򣬻ڵһϡ
Ƿ֮ɽһĵͣƺš췣ʵǿ֮۷µĵز
Ϊһ䣬ħעһҪɱ֪ǵƺεȿɲ
һ˲ϵĩգʱձ٣һǰδеĴ󶯵С

˾ҲȷبδУ٣ʷʫ˵ҫۺͻԻ͡
ϫӰӷ֮֮߳󣬾ͻأܵȿֲһϣֻ˲ͱĨɱ
ɳϫȴûУԤϵᷢһĻĿֻɨһԶ췣˻
ͬʱһĮƽ䣬ΪҶ𣬷ڮҵԴǣ֮֮Īǣ
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ƽ
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ղĩհľûз㣬һּµİΧС
ϫأⰲؼصݡ
ͬһʱ䣬һ类𣬲ϵдȻ
һλ֮ϵͽֻĹˣããȻ˺յֻʣһƤҡ

ǰһУ˻ĵʵһجΣԽܣʶȻ
ʲô
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ϫӰԼҰųϫǵĮ飬Լһ˫ܹӳĺɫʱһ֪һǳװˣ
ʮ֮ͬ͡ɽڷ֮񣬶һոսΪӦС
һڲμӻ֮ǰĮӣӵϰľȴ˻Ʒ֮ɽϣش֮Ŀֲڣ
ʵγһỊ̄
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Ϊһ棬Ҳò̫Ͻһգȴɽ֮
һУ˭֮
ѵһб󣬶ǰһӦĳֹ
ȵһףȻ֣Լʶ𽥱ģ
ζ
һͷǵûоţ˿һֳ׷ſգ׽ѵɸС
ԭʱ򲢲¡
ǵһǰһͷϢûκε͵ִ
ͷ·Ѿȴһ̺ܾúܾˡ


һӰΪ꣬ҷ
ĿһУϫκζݣ̧ͷ˿񷣬ǳʧ򣬿Ѳټķ֮񣬴ǲһĨ
֮ɽȻǡ족Դ֮أֻ¶һϰˡ
ԼҲӦǰǡĸءһˡ
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ķ֮ɽھηֻеǿ߲ܿӽη
ڵķ֮ɽѳΪһƬɽһķ紵ȥ

ӵૣϵϾǻֺ̿ͺȻĴݺϡ
ֻһͷһдۣҲҪʱ뿪جΰĵط
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2177 طĸ
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2178 ҫź
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ʮ͵˴̫弫֮⣬еʲô˸У»һһֱԺΪΣʮ͵վͬһӪС
վֻһֻϵĹϵ̸жٽȻҲ̸ʲô顣
Ψ̫벻ǣϫΰ쵽һģ

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ǰŸ뿪žһȺһȺ˵ִЩȻǻһеĴеĻһ֮
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2179 Դ֮
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ǵϫԴлõһڡԴʼ족
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ҪȴоѪңʹһ˿Ȼأ̾Ϣѡ

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ҷۣͷϽڣ֮˫ƺبɽͣݸԶԶһͷ·𿴵Ĳһˣһɽӵƴ
ˣɽʦ˴
ĬƺڵȴʲôֱǺӵӰԶԶɽϣŵȻȻ֪֣ΪλҪ֣
ЦЦɲ̫Ͻ̴ˣûɱѺܸˡ
˴ƽҪʲôɽǲˣҪɽƺҲǰһ⡣
ӵͷ˵ĲҴĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫһǰ֮˳ҲҪ߼ˡ
˴ǳϷһĨĮȻʦַ˵µģֻһɽѾˣҪ˭µȹһء
ҡͷ㲻ʦ֣ʶҲԶԶʦ֣ҪңֻԶԶ
˴ĮȻˣֻһ־
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һԣ˴ָ̧֣⸡ֳһУӨ͸һļµϢ˶ɡ
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һеɱƽ֮£絽ˣȻܹᣬ粻ƾδĦҲ޷ס
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2181 ŵ
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Ϊ˺˵ǣʼգ̫ϽĹǵ˴ķδκβΪκʳ
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ŵüЦĪĪһ졣

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2182 ͽκ
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Ȼܹ̫Ͻ˿ʹõѲǽ衰֮ǰ򵥣ƿأ
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£̫Ͻֻһ־ҪԸҲԿҲûʲô
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ң

˴ŵ泹ױɫҲ֪ȻҪ衣
ֻǵʱ̫ϽӰʧããƺС
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ܣִ֪Ϊã˭赲䲽

ƺһؾɽΪصĵطɰĴڡ
ؾֻһƬǿգԼһСɽ壬Сɽֻۣ֮һªĲݣǰһʯ
˿̣Ӱڲ֮ǰɫ֮ɫԶĬԡ
ЩӰУзһ״ƺᡢҡͼ١͡硢ľ㡢Ԩ롣
Ҳŵһӣ㡢桢ϡͼɡԵȵȡ
ҲкͳϫйصϰסҶˡ
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񲢲ΪλᱻɽԶɽϱȻĳ־ʣ
ʦŵϲ˴ҴҽһؾС
羿ʲô
˭ҲԽδ֪Խǵǣʶ˭˿ɫԶޱȡ
û˵ͬأ˼Ժ
ϰֻ룬˿̶죬һûʧģ
ʱһһȥȴЩ˶꣬ܵһǰδеļ尾
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ѵɽҲҪ٣
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Ů洹˵Ѻ̫Ͻ̴ͬˣŮ洹ڵ磬ѱ̫Ͻ̷ܷ̫Ͻ̹Ҳֻʱ⡣
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2183 ʯ
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һӣһУɽһڴ˻ԼһЩĿȻһ
ԭһеĹؼǲ֮ǰһʯϣ


2184 ޷
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˳ߣܻᵼ·ʦжʧܡ
һɽĶԾɤۣǰĽź͵ǡ

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෴֮ǰ͵˴ŵ˵ǰ㣬ɽȷĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˴ʯ˳ٴ߼ˡ
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ѩУһ򵥵ĶȴܻƿԺ˼沢£ƺߵʮبʱ֮
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֮У޽һصͼԶӨ͸̺Ī˹Уţԭ֮㣬̫ϽӶȥ
һɽֻǰһʹ͵׻㣬ޱȵʹҪըѡ
ǺȻʶر۾ٲǽսĵطٿһۡ
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ŶʮͶѱˣֲãֲá
˼У̫Ͻȴѩһɲһӡ
ͼһӶͼٿȻΪɻң٣ͬʱһΰڶײѩϡ
أ
ѩһζͷѩ裬ѱò԰ףһѪա
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⿴ƴҰһȭ̫Ͻ΢΢ЩݣѶ֮ٸһЩˣ˵һˡ
ͣ
̫ϽָһһĨУƵâ翣źۼ
һ˲ѩҳһȭһĨУָһѱ֮ѪŽ
ۼһĨҪƳֱۣȴѩޱƵģ۰һ𣬾Լұ۸ж

ϱۻΪʧѵı۰һұֻѩɫѱò԰ޱȣء
Ҫս
̫Ͻʵ
Ϊβս
ѩʣ俴ˣһȡ
ãҳȫ㡣
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Ҳע֮սȫͬƽƽĽУ̺Īɱա
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һɽ˲δܲȻȥǽֳȴܹ
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һսûз㣬ûзԼߡ
ʵȻˣǶ֮ԻԶΪʵ̫֮ԵʣԿŵһ˿Ķ
Ψһİǣʱƣǲʱܹѩ̫Ͻŵ

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ϧʵϧ֮ʣܹǱ޵ǰ˼շͺɽϣֻӵз˵ĳɾ͡
̸ͬϧΪԸӡ

һյʱ
㸶ĴۣҲŤת棬ΪλҪ˾
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Ѿ㿱ƣȷӵִ֮վֻһ־֮壬Ҫɱ㣬Ұ첻
Ҳ첻

һ
Ѿˡ
һԱ
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˵ˣٵһУþܹٵɽУˣʦʦԼСʦܶڡ
㲢һخҲãɱ練ƣСʦܣСӵȷǸò˶ãұԼһ档
տƾԺԺ˵
㲻ҲԣҴ˴ǰɽϺСһϵΪܵ˴ߣҼһ棿
ҪЮ
ֻҪһǰһöҪҺγˣΪһһ·ߵڣ˵Сһϵ飬۾ϸԶȻģɱֻΪдðˡ
ӣСʦܣɽˣ
ˣٱ塣
ҲڴʱһɽֻһĽƱư㣬ָ
ʶ۾һ֪ʱѩӰǰŨѪˮʶ£»۳ѪһͷѩȾѪա
Ѫɫ
˴ۣ


2185 
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ѩԡѪѪۣ졣
İ׷ȾѪɫѱѪ͸أѪʶ¡
Ѫȷ̫ۡ
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ѩ֮ǰսشص޷ֹסѪҺʶ
һλɽһ״ӣһλڵѵǷ켫Ȼǿڣȴƶ޷ֹס޵ţȻˡ
ǰˣ
Ҳɴ˿Կѩں̫Ͻ֮һսУܵ˺εȿֲش
ѪֹѩɱֱһĬ̵ĵػһɽ֮ǰ
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ҲϾʹ˵£
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ڳһλӣӵһ̤ɽɽŵһ𣬾ܵѩշ
һλºͿ׵ĳ崺硣
ɽУѩһֱս޲ʤܣ·ȫ¶û첻飬ֻҪܵκգѩͻһʱվԼǰ
ı񣬿ȴβƵͭǽڣڷ絲꣬ǻΪġ
񡭡
ѩƺĲˡ
ɽ˱ĿһĨỨ˶Ծ߬˫ȭ
һ̣Ǿ翴еһ֧ޱȵʹܲƵӿͷ
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ǰʯ֮ϣ̫Ͻδٶֶ֣粻ڣȴڡ
ղŵһսҲƺδ˺
̫ϽǶȿȥܹѩ棬ܹѩѲҰ͸֮һҲѪˮҰ׵գԵ쳣Ŀ
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֮ǰѩȻţѾȥûʲô
̫Ͻѳײٵġ
ֻҲЩݵǣȵزУѩҲ֪վǣǣһ
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ػɣֻ趯һָͷƺһ˲佫ѩվ
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ѩһҲ֪͵³һŨѪĭ˺󣡡
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ԽԽ֤ѩһ׶༪٣ԽԽˡ
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Цޱȵĳ㵣ԱҪȣԼټֲסʱŰġ
̫ϽͷҲԭ֮һ
ԵüΪ̹ȻȻûһ˿ŭļ
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Զȱ漣漣֮漣עǷؼһɲǣѰ֮£漣֣
Ҳ̫ϽһɲѩأЩź̾Ϣʱһ䵭Į֮ȻƬը죡
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بŻеŭں֮ŭڼ

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Ȼѣ
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Ȼһ룬ȴģʱ̫Ͻָ类ϣһͬʱ粻ܿƣȻɳȥıˣӰڵء
ң
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ҲһңǾ͵ųŭйɣ
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صһ̣Ҳ漣Ļ


2186 
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һɽ˶ԣŴܵο֮Ϊ֮һͨ

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Щɽ˶ԣֱΰ㣬ƾһƻðĲʵо
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Ⲣû˵һԭ֮Уûʼϲ
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ڴˣϫĮȻԡ
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գ̫Ͻǹ
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Ȼ˵Ȼ֪Ⲣı壬Σɱһ־ԻǰĸأϵһȫĨʱ򣬼죬ҲȲ㣡
ڵأһŲͷ­ϣκһλԣֱһĪĳ裬ɱǶܡ
Ȼʱ̫Ͻȴƽ¶һĨЦݣСһıҺ⣬Ҳڴһ쵽ʱһʲôס
˻˵ƽȻ͸һĨζ̫Ͻ˾Уܱ鵭Į̬
ֹԵ飬Լ飿
ϫĮȻףΪҲЩŵһУ޲ΪִΪʱܣ
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ϫĬƬֻ̣ҳϫڣһԶᷢġ
δ£̫ϽȻ飬Ϊꡣ
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ʧعš


2187 ֮ıϣ
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ЩɽҲԶɫ㱣ȻĳȻߺޡĸ
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ԼִǷͲᷢһУ
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Ψгϫһнֻǿʼսѳ֣Ǿĸأ
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˴ŵһ

ϫͷУܹ֮ģΨ̫Ͻ̺ͷ֮ɽطʶ̫Ͻ̷񣬶Ƿ֮ɽǱΪʥأһ޶
ɱʮͣǷ֮񣬵ѽǷ֮ɽֵĹ⻷״飬ٲٹ⡣һ̫Ͻ̷ΪΨһһԽĴڡ
ͬʱҵΪѾʶΣգ޷̵ģ£̵ܹģȻҲ̫Ͻ̡
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ϫɫɣͨҲѿƣ˵ɣһΪºƽ٣̫ͬϽֱʣҪһ޾Ҿ棬Ӷﵽͼı֮Ŀġ
˶٣ϫɫ䷺һĨ˼֮ɫȻֻ̫ϽһĿģ֮ǰԼҲϣҪģҲ޷


2188 ֮ı£
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ϫ·𿴳˴˵˼λʦ뵣ǣΪУӵͼõ޷̽ҵĴڡ
˴أЩǣȥĸأֻҲѱ̫ϽУ׼δ֪˿ǰ
ϫʼɫһֱԵƽȻ֮羮ӳգˡ
˼Ƭ̣ջû֪Ҫʲô޷ҪӵеնȡĸеԴ֮
ĸء
絮֮ڣ֮Դ
بǰǷ졢ԴʼһҲͬǴĸصԴе
һϫɵĺͼ֮˲Ȼ
νռأ֮ĸеԴ
룬磬򣬶ǴĸصԴеƿԴָúεȿɲ
νռԴ
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Ҫ̤ռͷҲֻĸвܹѰٵһ˿ϣ
̫ϽˡŮ洡ԺԺԺԺȵϴڣںܾ֮ǰĸУȻΪԴ֮
֮ռǧǧ򣬿ҪռͷֻһƿԴ
Ϊ˶֮ӶƿԴ֮
˴ŵͬҲѲһ˿ռأȻδĸУȻҲϫ˼ζʲô
ʶһɫ֡
̫Ͻơ
ϫɫ䷺һĨ׷֮ɫ˵̫Ͻȷ˲ãҳһ̿ʼѲ֣һ·һУõһжֶ֪ΣҪɱҵĻڵȵڡ
˴ŵԶЩȻЩ⡣
ϫĽ͵λʦӦ֪Ҹ׳ֻת֮ǰǷ֮ɽжһر
˴˽Զͷ
ϫǼرһͼƬһδʱڡ
˴ŵԼʶʲôȴ޷ȷ
ϫ֮ǰҲΪͼǸƾԵãȴףɺϵ飬һеıʵҲ̫Ͻ̵ֱʣ
Ҹ֮ǰһУʱ̫Ͻ̱ȻѶһڷ֮ɽϵĺͼƬʶҸ׻ô̫֮Ͻ̰ìͷָҸס
ȻҸֻתĵһܡɺϡسΪ̫Ͻʦܡ
ҸԣʱѲףɺϵ飬Ų̫Ͻͼܿ򣬴жһͼ
ϫ˵⣬˴ʲôȻˣ㸸Ϊ̫Ͻʦܣ̫飬ȴһͻȻǰɽݷãʦַ̽һҲǴδ뿪ɽã㴫ɵϢ
ŵͷҲǵô£תʦַ£Ϊڶ״ӡŵˡǰ֮ʱһʣ̫Ͻɱʱһδԭһֻ̫ϽֱʣΪıǶеĺͼƬ
˵⣬ǵ˴ŵ棬Ҳ׹ٺתΪƸڵѧԺδܶ㿪̫Ͻ̵ɱ١
Ψõ˴ɻǣΪһתʱΪ˼һСе̳ǳϺ᣿
ϫ˴𰸣ʱҸѲǼŵˡƸǱɽ֮£ٴתѡɽΪת֮أ޷̫ܿϽ̵ɱ٣˱ӻԼѡһ
˴ȻֻתҲѡ񣿡
ϫͷƾҸԼȻ첻һ㣬ɱˣлŵһͼͼбйֻصһЩءʶתԣ̸϶ѡ
˴ŵ׹
ϫ˵ҲҸһתУĸףɲɱ̫ܵϽ̵ɱ٣ҲһΡڤڤעδʱһͼƬ뵽ҵڡ
˴ʲôȴֹס
ϫһ۾Ϳ˼ʦʣΪһҸĸû٣
˴ͷ
ϫȻ⵹̫ϽĴҸֻ֮ѾʶȥһͼֻҸײתȥӶҲ޷Ը
ʱʦҲѶԴȻģȻ̫Ͻóѡ
˶٣£̫ϽȻҪıԣһζǲ׷ɱԹͼƬҲʦ˿϶Ҳ֪ͼļֵ
ԵҳΪɽ֮ʦȻǲıһЩͼƬ
Ѽĺͼ̫ϽȻԹȥ
˵⣬ϫһ̫ϽĲ֣ҸȡһԷ֮ɽϵĺͼƬʼ־Ѿ£ҳһ̣Ѿʼɽ֮֮ȥͼ
һУ˴ŵԶȻ
̫ˣ
˭뵽̫ϽΪһУںܾ֮ǰѾʼȥƣȥ֣
˭뵽̫ϽЩʲôҲûʵڡ衱ɽ֮衱ϫ֮Ѽͼ
ֶμֱֲ޷ݣ
¾ı;ʧˣ̫ϽԣҲԲȡһЩֶȥȺأ
ǺȻıʧܣΪıвֹгϫһˣɽ
ȫ£ܹƻɽжм
˴ŵԽоԽǺ䣬ԽǼɵ̫ϽǿƿֲֶΡ
˴ɬ˵û뵽ɽ̫Ͻô꣬󷴶һѡ
ŵҲ̾ѡ
ϫȴҡͷֻûֳʤģȻϿû޷飬롭̫Ͻ֪ͼ
˴ŵһ񣺡˻
ϫλʦ֪ͼ
˶ʱҡͷδӵйȻк
ϫ̫ϽҲδӵйͼȻͼʲô
˶٣ĺͼҵУֻʲô̫ϽҪҪҴӦӦ
һ仰͸ޱȵľȻͼᶨ



2189 
һƣϢı¡
ӵӷ֮ɽǵһͼƬٵϫſͼƬһ뼺Ʋ׳ѵĻʱ̡
Ļ֮ǰʤȷ֮硣
ϫԼԣ̫ϽһƵһǽϵߣƾͼ֮أȥȡĸеԴ֮
̫ϽһѱϫʶƣȻ̫ϽԸԳˡ
˴ŵλʦԶһ㣬ʶ԰٣ʱ˿̣һڡ
һǳϫӵеĺͼ
ϫʵںϺͼ֮Ƿӵһٴ̫Ͻܣ
ȷܲ˵
ɱϾһϣģֻҪϫܹסͼ̫Ͻ޼ƿʩһճ־õľƣȻ裬һ
뵽⣬˴ʵȻˣΪλҪִǰĸأ
̫ϽѵȺĸУ͵ȳϫͶƾ̫ϽǿƿֲĲֶΣֻóϫ׶༪١£粻ȥ
ȥ̫ϽֻܸɵۣһǾ͵ˣ
ȳϫڣԱߵŵҡͷ̾Ϣ̫ϽȻ˲֣ûƵһ֮ǰϫɱ̫Ͻһ־ʱ˵Ļ
˴һɫ΢΢һ䣬ĬȻ
ʱ̫Ͻԣϫǰĸأˡخڳϫеѣ⣡
Գϫԣһв
Ϊ˴ʵ̫˽ԼʦֶˣΪ˼㣬š塢飬ѰȷǼΪ˳ƵıƷУɶԵ˶ԣǳϫһ
̫ϽΪǿ
ԭֻ־ͿԽ͡飡
飬ʶ֮飬ʶΪĿģ伫
ϫ֮ʵѩƷзž˵֮ǾΪ壬ڲϧ
ϫȴҡҡͷҲȻˣǷΪĿģһҶǰĸء
˴ŵԶһһ˿ɻ
ϫһ̫ϽҪȡҵԴԸͬҲҪɾҵռ;
˶٣֮һ̫Ͻңٴᣡ
Դƽ͸žȻ֮⡣
˴ŵˣ˳ϫ˼
ȥ
ڱУ

һ죬˴ŵ뿪󣬳ϫ½͸ĸѩڤ硢ϰס˼һ棬̹ԸԼҪǰĸһˣȥѰռ֮·İأ˳öñɷء
ǰĸпգԼһ̫Ͻ֮ƣûиκˡ
ȻˣɺϫбȻ֮вⵣǲѡ
Ҳ֪ϫһǾ޷ı䣬ֻĬĬܹƽ
ͬʱϫֺСʦ롢ʦƺʦᡢʦҡ˼һ棬ǴĿģһΪѰռ;ΪҳȻشʦѩķ
й̫Ͻ飬˵ЩʦʦҲס
ڳϫȻҲΪǣɽʧȥ˴ʦѩСʦٷһЩ⣬ǵȳصɲܹܵġ
ɺȻҲãҲֻɽĬĬȺ
䣬Ϲңƽϯ£Ĺţų϶ҪôҪô̫Ͻ£һˮȵľ档
ɽҲԶ
̫Ͻһ־Ѿϫɱ̫ϽԺ޼ɣһƽڳϯǶɽԣûв
ټе˴ŵλʦ򣬳̫ϽȼĴ٣Ҳʵһʱ֮ͽɽٵ
óϫ뿪֮ǰҲ̫ʲôΪ˰ȫ뿪ǰǽһ־ɽ
һ־κǿսֻҪɽ⣬һ־ͻᱻϫһʱ֪ʱֻҪûȻȫɽ

һа֮󣬳ϫԼһȻȥ
ʵһ˵һЩֽĸУҲǸܵ顣
ԭڣǸ֮ڣǵǿ߶޷룬ҲΨЩŵռصĳȻڣʸ̤һ֮ء
ǰĸ֮ǰϫһҪ

ĸء
絮֮ڣ֮Դ
˵λ˼еУš֪֮ءƺؽС
ʦȱǰ̽Ѱĸء䣬һЩмֵɵΪʵԵʣ޷УΪ
ЩȱµһЩϫã⵹ʡ˲鷳ʱ䡣
ճһЩʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ȥһЩҪ顣

硣
֮أӵ˼硢ڤ硢ɽλ棬ǧ磬С硣
޾ĺϹȣ練ԵЩۣһ·ϣҲԶԶҪϹ
ռ
Ϲȵһλǿߣɱκһλ
Ⲣζƶĵزһеĸԭ
أһֳεͻܵɱʶϹеһҲ޷ȥȾָƻĴڡ
ʵ׷ʷͻ֮ᷢڣһĸԴأںܾúܾ֮ǰ̫УҲͨ뢣Ҳӵ財Իֺ͡ޱȵжʢʱ
ǰڤۡڷˡŮ洡̫Ͻȵһ񻰰ĴԶ¹Լĺۼ
ͬҲӵϹûеֻ֮ڡڤ
£ϹеĶҪֻҲֻǰУܵóԸ
ҡ¡ȵĪˡ
֮磬̫δ֪ҲϹ޷Ĺϵ̡
ڴ˵֣񸲸µķҲɴܻ
رɽ̫Ͻ̡Ů洹Ҳпٵͳˡ
ϫҪط磬ƱҪȹһأҲǿֻܽԼһ־УսҲֻܱˮ׼
ͬȫںϾſͼŵԼռ֮·򡰷족Զ˵˽Ͷ졣
ʶԳϫԣطѲ߱κв
֮ϣĩ֮
˵֮źϫƾʱǴӴ˵ؾս뵽ѩīС

һ죬ĩ֮ϿպȻһӳֳϫǾγӰʼգܾĩ֮е飬Դ˻Ȼûһ˿
ϫһĩ֮ʱĵطʼ̽


2190 ʦ弾خ

ϫʶɢԽؿռ䣬˲Ϣѳĩ֮ķϣһƬãã
Өһ˴ݺύתѭͷųеϡ
ϫǸΧ֮ڡ족
ҪУͱܿЩķһǴ
ǴͬѰǵڣ˲䱻ɱ޻ء
ҲΪϹǿܹĸԭ
ȻĳϫԣȳշѾ޷в
ৣ
ʶĳ򣬳ϫʱӰһһĩ֮һƬݺύĵط
˫ָⲽУȻûһ˿õ˼
˾ǣЩӨӨع򣬾ƲϫĴڣƾ⴩ʼնδκζ
Щһ˿ռصͨڣȻҲʩչϷţڤڤд󣬿ɷȴ֮һСı٣ʶû˸ҵˡ
ɳϫͬ˿̾ͥŲһ·ƽ˾ûһ˿һĻǱ˲ﲻɡ
ףϫܹ쵽һһΪѲռİأҪǣӵͼ

ܿ죬һ׳嫵续ӳڳϫԺС
ɽ磡
ǧŰޣ޲ҫ֮ԡ
뵣ɵϢصɵϵɽĶƪ¡
ɽ֮Х飬ʮͳԦɵΰ
ص£ɽ磬޵ʿռ
ϫʶײֳһĨ㱣ɽеһĻĻۻƵӳͷ
Ĵޡ
ɳǡ
ѧԺ
δԺǺӡ㡢ա顢ԯƾ֪񡭡
һϤĵһϤ֣һĻĻ佻֣֯óϫĿҲһĨȻ
ȥ꣬˿ɺã
ãϫһĿ±óγƽӰλƵĹ⣬ȻʧС

ɽ硣
ɳǡ
һ죬ɳǧ֮صһУٿȻ߳һεӰ
ϫԶǻֺϵĶɳǣĬ㡣
ɳһǰ㷱ʢд󣬳ˮ֯
ԶѧԺ̾ڳǣ֮ǣ֣͸ʥϢ
ϫϡǵãԼƾǰĩ֮ǰǷֲɽ硢ڤԼ˼е̫ϽѾγ౻̫ϽѪȷҲƽ
ֻҲû뵽Լ뿪ô֮󣬱˵ɽ񲻵ָ̫ƽʢұñҪ֡
Ƿٵ͵գóϫҲһο֪ⶨȻǵѧԺĹ͡
ϾԴ򵱳̫Ͻ̸𣬵ѧԺٲȻΪɽΨһף˿ɺڸ¡
ڵѧԺڶǿߵ£û̫Ͻвɽ̫ƽȻϡ
ϫԼҲɽ̫ƽʢֻҪ̫ϽԺ̫ϽƱػ
ţ
ڳϫ˼֮ʣȻһϤޱȵϢǵѧԺңңɨӶ
ϫǶʱһĨŹֻȣҲûκζٿȻʧԭء
ͬʱѧԺһؾУһεӰӴüѡ
ãҡҡͷ±Ŀ⡣
һϮ£üĿ忡㣬һɳȻ֮Ȼǡ
һϫ

ɳ⣬һ͸߷֮ۡ
ƺڣɽԡ
ϫǣڵȴʲô
ûãһӰƾն֣ͷҷ񳣬һﱥɣ֮
ϫЦֲҴ˴ηδ״ԭмخʦ򡣡
ҷߣȻǼخ
ұΪ̫Ͻһλռ֮صͨоɣȴû룬Сһ
خȻЦǰĳϫϵϾοϲ֮ɫ
ȥˣǸɬǿ̤꣬ռ֮·İأβοϲã
ϫ˿ҲǸпǧ̼ǵʱһǳخʱɱԷһ亹
꣬ϫףԼܹخɺϣҲǰ򵥡
һУڤڤע
خʵȻΪβǰѧԺһ⣿
˵ʱϯضʾϫҲ£Ȼóһƣݸ˳ϫ
ϫһ˵Ҵ˴Ŀĸأ֮طɽ磬ҲǵЩܾڵѧԺеʲô⣬Ҫһ̽ãмخʦ򣬵İ١
˶٣ںҴĸл˵ɡ
˵գͷƣĿ͸һĨȻ
خһ˲ˣϫ֪գʶԸڴ˿̺Щı棬Էġ
خϫǰϹ飬ϫҲԼЩľһһ֪
֪ϫЩȻôĪ֮£خҲпá
һ˵ɣ˭֪ζ
֪䣬ɽҲ٣خɫֲࡣ
ʦ壬ڵѧԺҼǵ뿪ͥС֮󣬱ȥѰռ;ˡ
ϫʵ
ʦġ
خڽһ
ԭǰĸеķ˱㵽Ҫ٣ǴŸخѲ߮磬Դⷢ
ȻڼخǰѧԺûãͲһЩ̫Ͻǿߵټ
Щ̫Ͻǿߣ޲ӵԶȴδĳͷǿ֮
ǰѧԺĿģȻҪϧһдۣץߺͳϫйصһѣ
Ǽخͱǵóѡ
⣬ϫҲң֮ǰɽɱ̫Ͻһ־֮ΪԼеЩѵģʶ˴θһ磬͵һʱִѧԺ
ֻû뵽خǰִˣһԼһѣʵЩ⡣
֪̫ϽЩһΰ쵽һģ̫Ͻѿʼִ֮£һЩ񾳵ǿ߽Ҳ׾֮¡
ϫһ䡣
خͷҲµһ㣬ֻû뵽̫ϽѾǿز
ϫҲʦ²롣
خȻЦЦСһסһڹ¾ս㱳ҡʦԼɽ
ϫһůͷס
خɫɽܹ̫Ͻ£Ȼ̫ϽҲɵֶΣʦԳ֣̫Ͻͨ죬Ҳʱ޷ĸ뿪
Ǻܿ죬ֲҡͷ̾Ϣ̫Ͻѱúͬ־³˶ˡ


2191 ֮
̸ˣϫѾףԭֻԼ̫ϽһƣʦҲѶϤһС
ϫҲ˵̫ϽƿǴƽ⣬ĸУʦҲǣס̫Ͻˣ
خͷˣȴĻҪһЩĸУʦŮ洡˻һ𣬲ǿ̫Ͻ⡣̫Ͻִ֮֮־ֻԽԽȡ
˵ѴһĨɫ
ϫһʦģûеִĸ֮ǰ̫ϽȻʹɱ֡
خһΪθ˿϶
ϫƽܼ򵥣̫ϽʦˣұȻ;Ҳ̤ĸһǰĸأͼıĴ¾ͽʹزۡ
˶٣£̫ϽȻ
خ˼ãԽĸصжаգ
ϫʼȥ˲֪
˵ţѳ𣬵ʦ壬ѧԺѾ޺֮ǣҴ̱ǰĸء
خü治ȥѧԺǼһ棿
ϫ̧ͷĿƴʱգ˼ԶĵѧԺò˵еڶҪ֪Щ귢һУֻһͷӡ
˵ţӰ𽥱ƮҪʧʦ壬ǡ
خһأҵ
£ϫӰʧ
ɰܣڴһˡ
خૡ
ʦ塣
ȻԶһӰ忡Ŀ䣬ǳϫĵڶ
ôˣ
خŤͷźͳϫһģһĵڶϫûкԼĵڶȡϵ
֮ǰʱȻУһ˿ϤϢת˲ʧʵ֡
ϫڶü
йǰŸո뿪
خڵ
˭
ϫڶȻʵͳϫһ壬ǻۡͷë޲ͬԴֻΪϫ岻Ը˿ǹʲδ
ò˶ãͻģʱˡ
خԴؿ˳ϫڶһۡ
ϫڶʱסĪһͷòǱɣ
ҡҡͷǱ壬ֻѱԼ֪ǡˡӦˡ
ӳϫ뿪ɽЩڶһֱڵѧԺУǳ£ȴڵѧԺе鶼С
ôҲΪ˵гһձ巵ʱֻһͷ˽⵽Щ귢һС
߰ɡ
خӰһͳѧԺķȥ
ϫڶһĿ»ָƽƮȻȥ

˼磬
֪֮ء
֪޷ݣ֪˼ɸƬ򸲸һصϢ
Թʿһֱ֪֮ءСɽ硱Ϊɽĵط
Щʿ֪֮أʵ硢Ϊصڣ
ֲͳʥ¡һԪڡħڵȵȡ
ҲʧµϹŵͳˣһͬԵüΪء
ĳϫⲻ֪֮УΪصǡĸء

ʱʱղϫǲ֪֮дٶȿ죬ֻҪһӰ˲ϢʧԲĴڡ
غر𣬲ãԶçĶԭʼɽһһݣԶһɺع֮
һƬδԭʼ֮أУ·̫ʱڣûһ˿ӵе̻
һ·ϣϫ֪ΪΣһԵƾҪعĸУڿʲôȴ˵Ȼ
ûͷĪϫأǰУֻɫȴǱԽԽƽԽԽĮԨƵĺУӳȴûзһ˿
ģأڤϡ
ǰУ֮ãһ·ϣϫҲֻϹʱڲӵеޣҲǵһЩ޵߲еϢ
һУδע⣬ͬ·ҲûκεĶ
ֱ󣬳ϫ㡣
ʱҹɫī񷣬ǳ˸кԣ΢ϰϰؾģԶȡ
ڳϫǰһĺˮ峺ʲϢö
ɫǻں棬ƻõƽһء
񷸩ͻᷢǻ֮£һ۵ĺǡγһϵġ֣бڣܶʼѭݡ
ϫһӿͨʲôϢҲûУĿ
Ĵڣֻпŵռصͨǿ߲ܿ޵ǰֻܿһƬޡ
Ϊһӣһ޵ŵ֮֡ӡ
֮ӣ
ϫԺĦ˳ӣ˴ͷųһϢ
ǰһӣ˳ӣ
ƽѰܶʼţܹģҲҲٸ
ϫڽ벻֪֮֮󣬾͵һʱһ֮ӵĴڣǰɽˮ
ʦȱ˵µһϣûмһ֮ӵĴڣȴһֱָƬ
ɴжϣĸصڣȻͲһ֮У
ϫȥݣѾȷһ㣬Ϊ˿֮ӣڵһʱ俴ڡ
˺硰²λһڡˡڡԵִĸУ
ಡ
˲ϢϫӰһԾϿգһ̣˾ԡɫǻУƵģʧ

ĸأ絮֮ڣ֮ĸأ
硢Ϲڡ족򡢡Դʼ족򣬽ԶǴĸе
˵˵أ˻֮Դ֮Դ֮Դ
ͼͬҲǵС
˵ͷͬҲеȥδݻ
һеԴһеĿʼ
ռ֮;֮ҲԴ֮ڣԴռ໥ֻصһ̣
ȵطҲֻӵֶͨΣŵռصִܹ
֮䣬ϫȻ֣Լ֮ݣ׷ѰԴͷ
ĿɨӣȴããһƬ
̽ޡ
Զȴֻ沨
һ̣Ӥعĸ壬ӿֵģ;裬һ֡ع顱ƽڴ
Ҳ֪˶ãϫǻججл㱵ʶȻһ𡱣Ұʱָ
ӳеģһƬĻ磡
ռ䲻棬ʱ䲻棬ﲻ棬Ψл֮翡뵣ޡ
һּΪصĸоϫҲٻĿռ䣬ȴȫû˿̰㣬̵ظ֪ʲô磡
˿̣˿ܹڴˣΪƿſռȻȻпٳ֮ء
ҪǰУƱҪƿصĿռһ·


2192 ֮
ĸأ
ĸ֮ڣԴ̡֮
˵ػ磬ʱ䡢ռ粻棬ظڣضء
˵سĬãϫȻһռ֮ӿ֣ǣʼƬߡ
ʱ֮ӿ֣óϫÿһȥ˶á
Ҳ֪˶ãδκֵעĵطǻҝյ龰
ʲôûУֳһ֡ա֮
ա
ȷ̫ˣ
ãϫǻ龰ȻʶԼʧһ㣬Ŀĵȥֻ´ҵ

ϫһǳӿ֣ʳ貵ԣǳؾγ֣۳ǬĳΣطɽεض𣬺ڲϢյնաз
ܿ죬һӳ֡
ʼգϫûжκһ˿ֻͷһĵطܻԼ֮
㣡
뷨ء룬տޣҲУ
ϫкȻһĸؿƿտҲʵ򡭡ݣ
˴
ĸ֮һ֣Ƕõڹ͡

˼Ƭ̣ϫָһ㣬ոջΪεһƬȻ飬»ΪУղŵһжǻ㡣
һУϫзһĨɫԭԴʼ֮Դ֮ĸ
׵һ㣬һƬȻת˲֮䣬ʧһɶ
ȻһƬնޡĵطҰС
һƬûǳǿա
һƬûص޼֮
ա

ĸĿ
Сһˡ
Ȼһڤڤ𣬳Īϣϲڷּ⡣
̫Ͻ
ϫһУͿԭնļԶٿȻһƬƣƶǵأ֪֮ԱȣǡƲ׺һ
ӨӨһǻܣ飬һеϣޱȡ
ղ̫ϽǴһƬ
Ȼ뼫Զϫһ˲ͿӨӨǡ족еϢ
Ǻأ⡰족֮ȴһصΰ֮ƿţԵ쳣ѱ
Ȼ̫Ͻѿʼȫƿء족֮
ζţ̫ϽѾǸ֮ϣ
ڽ££
ϫͷһͻָԼ̫Ͻܹ֮쵽һĸѾٵһԴ֮У
ⲢҪ̫ϽȻȺ˵ѻһԴ֮УɲδƿԴ֮
صȺϫִֱɱĸأ¾һܹ֮Կ
ϫһ㣬̸κһ˿š
ݵǣһƬУʱֳһ貵ĹΣÿһεϢΪأϢҲϢ嫶
ϸȥһ貹κȻһλ磡
ڤ˼硢ɽ硢Ϲ򡢷֮ɽŵءԶеӳ֣
Ǵ˼ĹУܿǧ硢С硢Լÿһеɽ
ϫݵĵط
һƬƣ磬ǡµӳ֡ڻ֮ܣܲӨӨġ족
ǷζţԼǰģǽֻһƬƣ¡ݣ
Ȼһ̫Ͻ͸˳ϫҪĴ𰸣ûп£ڱƿ֮Ƭ¾ѱƿء
˶٣̫ϽкȻһ˿Ц⣺Ϊǻ󣬱ڱԽһ֣ɽĨ
ϫֲУĨɽ磿ҿ²ô
̫ϽŶ㲻ţ
ϫš
Ĳţ
ġ
˵ĶԻѰ˿ԵüΪɿЦ¶ִ㡣
ɺȻ̫ϽͳϫڿЦ̬ƽֱӡ
Ƕ֪ζãԴǽԵЦ
ϾǴ˿̵̫ϽǳϫѴﵽһֳϵز
£ƴľǸʵĵĺʵ
ˣʲôıֲ֤̫ʵ̫
ȷҿ԰쵽ȴôϾҪĲˡ
̫ϽڤڤصŴĵطϡ
ֱʱδֳ
ɳϫȴƶԴ˲עֻĿһƬƣĬã˵ʦǡѱˣ
̫Ͻ̹Ե
ϫ˵ͷʵζԸң
̫ϽһЦȴ޸鲨Сһִĸһ̣Ѿˣ㽫׼ʹǱһᡣ
ϫüҲӦأ
̫ϽĮܼ򵥣ᾭ޷ܵʹ֣ܹᷢھͽѣδһ¡
ϫȻЦˣ˵˵ȥվһвˡɱңֻѶ֣ȴƫƫϻƪδЩ㡣
̫ϽΪ˵ĲԲȱɱȷܲףܿͻףע
ϫƽһԡ
̫ϽЦԸ
˵ţһƬȻһ󷭹ٳһ·ɲ⣬ͨԨ
ʦǾͱУ벻ȣ޷ıǵˣȻţȻˣǷԸһԣ
̫Ͻٶ˵һѰ飬ûһ˿Ĳ
Ĳ֣
ϫʵ

̫ϽشüΪֱס
У
ϫ
һᶯһֱֲ֣ƿеһ˿Ҳζŷѱɡ
̫ϽĮȻ
ⲻıı۳ϫӦ񣬶̫Ͻƿ֮£
ںܾ֮ǰϫͼΪִ˲ݣɼĸоͬҲǡ
һ̣ϫӿһĨԵɱ
Ŀʼֲˡ
̫Ͻϫ仯һĸп
֪ʲôģ
ϫȻʵ
ɱȳǣƿԴ֮
̫Ͻ
Ҳ˾̫ˣҪ㣬ҴС޵ľǱƣ
˵գϫӰһⲽǻѿһͨУٿȻʧ
ѿһͨҲֺ֮
һɵСһΪӵͼѿ֮ȻѶԼţΨ֮⣬˭룬վӵ֮
ǿնУ̫ϽȻĸп
ģ
Ƕ
Ҫɾ㣬Ҫкã
գԴ֮


2193 ߱ʦ
ǰһϫѳһƬǿС
ǳŲͬĹ켣ܶʼѭЩ켣֮ۼ򳤻̣ƣֱǹԲٲȻͬķĹ켣
ϫ·𿴼һֻδ֣ΪֽǳΪʣԳƷַڹĪԡ
һĻϤ
Ϥóϫһ㱣صʱڡ
ʱһ̳˼ЦɨǣѧΪҲǳٳ޷ͻơ
ֱĳ׵ҹżȻ˲ڳеһ׹뵽صǳ
һ̣ڤڤеת۵㣬Ϊϫƿһͬλð㲻ʵš
Ǵ֮ڣһοǳˡ񡱡
ʵʱʼϫһɽˣʦ˵ĵӡ
ˣ
ֲ֪ٴγڳϫ켣С
٣
̳ǡϽϹսɽ硢Ϲ򡭡ĸء
˵Цֱֱϫ̤ںͼռ֮أδͷһ棡
ʦͽȴȹϵʵԵò˼顣
ȻϫʦʵӰԼ̫࣬켣֮·󼸺з˵ӰӴڡ
ɽǷˣʦѩСʦ롢خʦ塢˴ʦ塢ŵʦ塭ͳͳٲȻͬ˵ĻǱԶڷµӡ
ϫ֮ƿ֮񹂡һеıҲڷ˵ĺۼ
δı棬ȴڡ
׹һУϫʦѳΪԼĵ׵һ־֧
Ƿ˸رġ
ҲǷ˴ǳӶϰ
һӰ죬֪Ѿı˳ϫ̫̫켣
νˡ
֮򣬳ϫĸգҲȻȻˣǾȳǸδıʦ
ǹ
޷Ĩȥһֻء
ϫѿһ㣬Ե֪̫Ͻ´˾֣֪ɱķϫѡ˽С
ϫ̫Ͻ֮ôΪ˽ƿԼĵģ
壬ǳϫһȱݡ
񣬷˵˱̫ϽѹѲɼأҲ֮ǰ̫Ͻ˵ǰ㣬ϫ벻ȣԸı֡
˱ϫԹۣıȻȡ
˱ɱϫܺ޸дͬܳ
ʶϫ벻ȣ̫Ͻԣ𶼲Ǿ֣֣Եľǳϫġ塱

֪ɣΪҪ
һ̾Ϣ𣬻صǳ֮䡣
ϫĿһңңǿУֻǳ֮ϣϥһò׾ߣ£׷أǿ֮ϣ£͸˵ĺϢ
ˣ
ںܾ֮ǰϫһֱĦ꣬Ļϲ˿Լһֱδıʦ
˿̣˾ϥǿУǳӰܣΰׯ࣬ϫĿУȴ¶һĨȻ֮ɫʧ䣬Ҳο
ȷǷˣ
ϫȷǲһӡҲһ־Ƿ˱֮ڣ
һ˲һĪ״ļӿͷõóϫӱ
ӳϫʦ𣡡
˵ţϫѸڵأɫׯ棬ݾߵ
ʦŴ񣬷һ֮ʦ޷ͬҲǳϫһд˴
Ȼϫˣȴһ̾ϢұΪѿ̫Ͻ֮ģʶðȻ˾֣˭롭
˵⣬ҡҡͷ׾ϷһĨȻЩɺƺԳϫʧ
ϫ첻ԡ
׷ԣԣ֣Ȼ֪ΪȻı·
ɳϫ첻˵ȷǱڴ˵һѲٿ顣
֪ҺŮǱѹһ̣û֮·ȻˣΪλıʣ
ʵ
Կ͸ҵ޷Υ
ϫƽ˵
ɫһӣһ֪̾ẦԼҲẦЩѡ
ϫ̹Ȼףһ̫ϽԸƿԴ֮磬ܿܿŪڹ֮䣬ҲһַϣΨһף㲻ࡣ
ӳϫãȻˣΪҪô
ϫĬƬ̣ʵʦ𣬵Ϊռ֮·ʲô
üռԴܹĸ֮Ĺʶ̫ϽҲһֱͼƿԴ
ϫͷԴȷ̸ռ֮أӲΪԴռصȫ
ĿһĨɫ˻
ϫԣ̧ͷԶǿеķˣĿӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ĬãҲ̾˿ʦ𣬵Ҵ̫Ͻ֮һ֪
˵ţϫⲽԶǿȥٿȻֻǰ֮ء
ü׾ϵһ˿⣬Ʋ׳ϫҪʲô
ʦ𣬵´ʱͻ׵ġ
ϫɫӣһӣѭݵǳȻ飬С
ͬʱԭöķ׻㣬ɫ͵һ䣬ŭȻ㡭
û˵꣬ٿȻأȫޣΪһ߱ʬ
ϫǰڵأʦ𣬵ðˡ
ͳһ˿Եļɬ
忡ϣǸ֮ǲ֪ʱʳһ˿Ѫգһš
ɱʦ𣿡
͵أһ͸Īϡ
ͿԶĵطȻӳֳɫԣبɫ֮ϣһʥĴԼӰ
ǣʥĻ죬Ĥݡ
Ů洣
ϫӵվ壬ŶԷʥϢһ˲֪˶Էݡ
ھʦ𡣡
ϫҡͷü֮أԳһĨ޷ȥĻ֮
ȣҪȣͲӦǵ˼֮ȴʦ´˶֣Ŀ
Ůŭƥ
ϫɫ΢΢ò԰ףĺзһĨ֮ɫð˵ǰʦղ˵Ƕѿ֮ʡ
ŮⲢ߱ʦ
ϫҡͷˣֻ˴ҿԻ̫Ͻ˿Ƿ԰ң
Ů活ɫʣʮʢ嫣ѶŭҲ֪ʲô
ϫ˵
ŮĬ
ৣ
ڴʱϫӰȻƾʧһ̣ѳŮǰ䲱һġ
ŮӦʧ
һУϫһҡΣɫ԰ףסüģƺǿ԰ʲô
գɻûסȳһѪ
óϫһЦ̾ϢȻˣ֪޴վӲ֮Ǵ𡭡


2194 Ѫ
˺ǿ󣬲˼ǿͬŮҲѷɫ
λԶӵ֮ͨܵϹŶݺ²֪£ХǬѷ֡
йǵĴ˵ǲʤö٣ɸʷʫ񻰣ͻͣ
Ⲣޣָͷ㣬ԹܹȵزģҲ˶ѡ
λϴȴת˲֮䣬ͱϫɱʼδκһ˿
߿ȻˣΨгϫԼɱǣԼ˺εȴۡ
˿̣Բᶨĵһأڲ𶯣Զʱڻָƽ
Ϊ˸ƽ֮𶯣ϫܲͨ⾳һ˿ɣɫ԰ףѪѡ
ﵽϫȲΣӵлΪ֮ΰ֮춼κβ
Ⱦ磬ռ
ռıǵģ
νΡִߣΪΪԷΪȻ֮ϡ֮⡢֮ͷνΣ
ʵ졢ڵء񡢲ڷ֮ΨڵĶ
ﴦΪ
֮硢ãã򾳡ҲһɳӰˡ
νһһ磬һҶһᣬˡ
Уܹӳ죬ܹܹز֮ΰռ֮;
ʱһ޷ۣܽģǬ顢
ǰֶΣûκ
ǲռܹ֮ӵ֮ܣ
ռ֮أԴԴ֮ʣڵĶ֡
ǹʣ̫Ͻ´˾ֻ֣Ϊɱϫ֮ģ
һϽҲΧšġĻ

ϫնˣնŮ洣ΥģȴΪ塱֮ʣܲ޷⡣
ͬҲ̫Ͻ´˾ҪĽ
Ψ̫ϽǣϫԶҪݣҲɴ࣡
˺Ů洶Ǳ̫ϽѹȻϫҪɱˣȻ練ơ
Ҳˣ̫ϽҪǣϫ棬ɱԷ
һоܿһĻԳϫĵĳǺε֮
̣ΪУΪģģΪ̣
סҲã̲סҲãԵĶԣעɲ
̫Ͻ֮ǰӦԣϫ̶֣ıضͻʱԽãԵĵ˺Խ
ֱ̫Ͻɱ˺Ů洣óϫȲҾǰ֮Уױ
ϫ֣Ǿ߱ʦ
һͽܣɱԼʦ𣬶ڳϫȽӡڹеļһԣɿܻûһ˿Ӧ
ʱĵıȻᱥʹࡢεȵȸ֮
̫Ͻľ֡
һУΪƿϫĵġ
񿴼ϫɱˣɱŮ洣ɫ԰ףοѪɫ֮иȻ̫֮ϽԼǰ㣬ѿʼ
£͵ȳϫĳһˣ
̫ϽżֲŸոտʼԶԶûнֻҪϫĲȥбʱ


ϫһС
һƬص֪󣬳ϫ˼ЩֻҪ֪̫ϽƿصġơٳһƬ㹻ˡ
ϫҲţԼɱˡɱŮ洵һĻĻȻҲѱ̫ϽһС
޿ɱ⣬Գϫͬں
ϫɫɲ԰ףƽÿ£֮أڷڲϢ
߱ʦ˵˵ǰ򵥣
²ԼԸʦѩ˴ŵ桢Сʦ֪
Ǳʯ֪ԼɱŮ洣ֻΣ
𡢲֮ԡ塱ֵı̢
ò˵̫Ͻһ˺׼׼ÿ£ƾ衰塱ֱ
ڱˡ
Ѱ
ϫס̾Ϣ֪Լܲȴֻȥô
ֻܵø죬ף
Լˣ˭ȥֵ̫Ͻ˭ȥȻشʦѩ˭÷ˡŮ
ԣϫֻôѰҲô
ûãһⱯ̾Ϣ𣺡ΪΣ
ǰΪΣ
ϫҲ̾˿̧ȥͿһ֪ʱڼԶ
֦Ҷ򰣬絶ƽӨԣǣͨŽ񣬳ڤΡׯࡣ

ϹʱԵɺ֮£ָǣԼϫԼƮȻȥǰѰռ֮·
ҲĸС
ȻҲѳɹռ֮أͬҲͷˡŮһѹڴˡ
̸һǲҡ
룬ʱ˿̣ܹͲط꣬Ӧϲܵģɳϫȴһ㶼˲
𣬿ԶĲ˵ǰҽΪӦߣһͬ꣬Ӧ֪ҳϫΪΣŵùңڴ˿̽˽ƿء
ĮȻʵ޷š
ϫüͷһ壺ڵʲô
ֶι飬߱ʦ֮ٶᵣǷѱ̫Ͻƿء
ϫüͷֲεĸоܶΣɵֻɲ˵ʱĪһʹЩѹ
ΪΣ
ϫ̾Ϣ
̫ϽȵˣԵСһЩ
ĮȻ
㲻ңкְ취ܹӹһ٣˵һ֮ҳϫ֮ǰҲᱻɱȻˣΪβһѣ
ϫһ˵
Ĭˡ
ϫˣһ˿ӰһٿȻ֮ǰ
ҲһɲɾȻ飬Ϊ촷ۣ
ҡš
ǰһɳ;Ȼֹδ˵꣬ȥ
ϫ۾ȻǣһǿޱȵĿɬվһ
һѪˮ԰ףѱ͸
ϫǣһûĵܡ
壬ȷǳϫ޷ġ
ҲΪ壬Բȥʱ޷ٿԼĵķŭ
ɲԼУҲԸ̫ϽĨˣ
һĻǷˡ
ɱˣν֮߱ʦ
ɱˣν֮߱
ɱν֮߱ѣ
ϫĿյģһ˵Ϣоŭ𡢳ޡΡ𡭡ɽХ۽㣬ٱıԵ
Ѫ˫ţҪ޷ңѾҰѣݣ
ϫ֪̫Ͻ⿴һĻȴ޷Լĵġ
һУΪ壡
һ̣һŶҪóϫĵĸ١
ѵǴ
ϫҧǶԼصʲôģ
ԼıѵҲǴģ

ϫȻ̧ͷѪͫɨܣһһٵгһգҲҪ֮ͽ֮ĥ
纣죡


2195 
޾ڻصȴӦ
ȻǼԶطȴһ棬ϼı˰ţ̳һ֮·
˰
һڤ֮ڤߴ֮һ
㡣
һɱ˰Ļ֮·ϣӳֳһΰĻɫӰ
֮䣬˺֡
ɳϫǾǵһڤۣͬҲһԪӦ֮һ
һ仰ĸ֣ȴϫһůԭݰĶľԸƽ١
ϫһ񣺡л
Ȼ£ǻ֮·Ȼһ˰类ϨĻ棬ޡ
ͬʱһڤΰӰҲ֮ʧϫ
ϫӲǣŻ̬ɽХ¡¡죬쳣
˵ĺޣ
䣬ϲ󱯣ϣ٣𣬹ѱڰû
Ҳ֮䣬ٱ
ۣ
ϫٶȿѪ
޳ֶ֮ΣƵΡ
̫ϽֶΣɱǣȴѵʱĨǵĴڡ
˿̡
£
ϫۿѪɫ͸Ŀ£ָһ߬ͫгѪɫٿһС
ڱܴݲкͼ尾
֣һ絶УѵһޱȵɽԵ
Ƭ̺һƬǿຣӳ֣ġ
٣
ǵڶڤߵ֮һ
Ω裬ġ
˻һڶڤҲĨ
ϫɫһƬ
ţ٣һ䡰򣬴Ĳ΢Ҳ֮Ĩ
ç֣֮һԲֻǳϫ΢΢˵ͷ
ԺԺ٣̾һȻЦ
һֻڴ˵еһֻʷʫݵͨ뢣ȴڲյʱһһڳϫǰ
ϫϿѪɫԽԽ԰͸
֪עǸ֣ȴ޷ֻ֪˲пᣬ˱ң
Ρ𡢷ߺޣҲȻͳͻһУΪ塱
ĿһλλɸĴԼǰοԼóϫһسصԺΣ
ΣʱҲͬ޷֮ѹһ˵ı
˿̣ϫԼˣǺΡ
ˡ
ŵķΧУ̫Ͻڤڤᣬǵñ֮ǰԷ񣿲Ӧע޷֮ʹ
˿̳ϫǰȾѪ͸Ѫͫʧȥÿն
һûб
ϫĮڣɳƽ
ĵľҲֻһ߰ˡ
̫ϽЦҪǣֲŽеһ룬ۿЩȥǧҪˣǵɲͬġ

ƬȻΪʧ
ϫֻǰһǴնĸС
ԶϤľ޴ޱȵġơܸӨӨڻڣӳ硢Ϲ򡢷֮ɽλ档
ˡ
ǻȻһ󷭹ӳֳһ磬Ϲ򣬺ܿ죬ӳֳɽ
Ӵ˿ȥλھ֮ϸɽһжܿеĽƶ޷ڱֿ죡
ǸϹеġ족
̫ϽƿأȻ練ƵܹɽеһС
⣡
ϫӿһĨǿҵĲ
̫Ͻٶ𣺡㿴ɽǰֻҪԸ⣬Խ٣һٽҲԲɽÿһ
Ϊ֤Ļһ콵¡һɽϣӲɽȥһ룡
ɽһӰ֣е˴ŵλʦҲСʦ롢ƺϰסǡ
ϫɫʱ࣬Ѫͫȼؿڼ
ֻҪԸ⣬˴ŵ֣֮ŵɥ߻ħ֮СҼǵŮ°ɣѡܾ߱ǣ뷲Уܰ˿֮ĥ
̫Ͻ͸žԵƿضĮȻ
ȻԸһУǱҲͬ㣬ɽѧԺеѽһɱ¾
磬ﱲɱҲĵڶȥŮˡѡȫɱ
ᣬ飬֮񶾣
ϫ۾ѪסڲڣҧţԵŤ
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ͺñĸؾһ˳죬̫Ͻƿݱ˳Ͻ棬ֻҪԼ̤˳ʱҲͬᾭһС

ĸоһƬûãӳֳһεӰһϮ忡ǳϫ
Сһˡ
һڤڤ𣬳Īϣϲڷּ⡣
ǴյٿȻһƬƣƶǵأ֪֮ȣǡƲ׺һڡ
ӨӨһڻܣ飬һеϡ
ղ̫ϽǴз
һеĳѻصǰ
ϫһУ̫ϽǷ㲻ĵĮȴǷһĨѰζĻȡ


2197 ϫĳͷ
һжصϫĸʱĳ
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̫ϽһĮ𣬳ϫһֱĬƺ˼ʲô
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ڵͬʱϫԶĻƣҲ֮ڣûп£ڱ֮Ƭ¾ѱƿء
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һж͵һ֮ǰһĻĻ类һֻδĨصȥ
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ֻǴ˿̳ϫķӦȴһ˿ףͷ·һжѱϫ͸ԼĵܺͲ֣Ҳ˺ֵرԷ
о̫ϽΪʶʱŲδ֡
ҵĵ;
ϫƽ̫Ͻһ޷Ĵ𰸡
·Ҳ֪̫Ͻ޷˽⣬ϫУΪִֻأԴ£Ϊ֮ΨһĴڡ
֪Щñȣ֪ЩñС㡣
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ϫûᣬԹ˵Ϊ˴ﵽĿģնģ֣ϧþֶΣҲòǰ˵ء
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̫ϽЩˣȷϫܹ³еĲ֣ȴ޷ţϫ֪ѡնġ
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ϫûУӵͼңһʯֻҪƿҵĵģȡϵͼĿıԴɡ
һ̣̫ϽĬˣоԼ˿̾һ¶֮µӰӣһж޶ΣһеܶԷһؿָ̽оΪΪų⣬ּΪġ
뵽ԼµǸ֣סеɻ󣬵˵ĶµΣȻ˴˾֣·ѱע
ϫͷʵϣȷɹˣ֮ǰΪ壬òɱʦˣҲòŮǰĨϽͣҵɱһڤۡڶڤۡ
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ֱһɺԣ
ǵϫƽ޲ʱһθܵһƿصĸо
ٺҵĺͼԴҲˣҵĵ;
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һ̫ϽһУȴЩҡ
ĵնǻڣϳϫʹһ
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һĻĻĳǳϫһνĸʱһУŽڣɱˡɱŮ洣Ųһڤۡڶڤ۵ȵһͨǱĨ
Ȼ̫ϽĨɽΪвȣͼض
ʼ̫ϽԴ˲ΪȻΪǳϫԼֶһĻĻ棬ɾٵġ
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⡭ﵽģ
Ĵĵ֮
Ȼܿ죬̫Ͻɫ΢΢һ䣬ĻеԼȻüͷһ壬ͱûңһֲģ
ֱĻеԼ㣬һ˻𣬱顱֮俪ģȫ
Ƿ񡢾֡ʡߺ޵ģõô˿̵̫ϽҲͫš
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ˣĻȻʧ
̫ϽĬǣɫòĮͬҲò
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ģΪȥĳϫܹվԼǰ
ʧȥ˺ͼʧȥֻءʧȥƿԴĻᣬѱԼĨһɶΪأܻţ
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ϫˣƺ⣬֮㿴ЩֻΪһʧܵʱʹһ㡣
̫ϽߣСһѾûʱ˷ѿࡣ˵ţָĻƣʦǾͱУ벻ȣ޷ıǵˣȻţȻˣǷԸһԣ
ˡ
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Ǹ硢Ϲ֮ϵġ족ͷ·𱻶ߣٲԼ
̫Ͻܽܵˣ
ܹӵн֮λֵĹؼڣһʧȥƿһеںͰϻҲûʲô
һ̣̫ϽȷˣˣеһǰδеĿ־塣
Ҳڴʱ͵زԼǡ顱֮һ˿Ѻۣ֮
ǣȻȻղĿõһĻӳֵһУ˹ĻԼͬҲȱʡ
һ˲̫Ͻһ𣬻Ѫңٽס͵ؿȳһѪ
㡭㾿ΰ쵽ģ
̫ϽٴϢѪŰ
ҵĴ
ϫڵУĸرռԴ֮أ絮֮ڣıԴ֮أɶҶԣ֮;ļ֮ء
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նȥ˵ģϱûܹٻ㣬ɵͼһ̣Ѿһģĸءĵġ
ϫƽʱĵĶԣһǣס˫ֻۣܿһУ޷ٿĸ֮ĵط
̫Ͻĸ֮⣬ѵ硢Ϲ򣿡
ϫҡͷ㣬ĸεģԴ֮γֵģ
һ仰羪ף̫Ͻѣ
ԴΪԴΪ֮ĸ˭룬ԭĸ֮⣬һƬڡ
ΪʲôΪʲôῴһУ
ƭӣǶƭӣ졢ءһж۷ǡǺ˱
̫Ͻͷɢ࣬˻;
˵ܹ֮;Ҳ㽫ͼϰȥҳʧȥ˶ԺͼصģȴԼģ
ϫ
ʵҲǸпޱȣûеʱѾ͵һͼϵһȻľУѼͼϵؽͼն
ڵһεִĸһ̣ͬΪռأƿĸеԴ
ɵԼĺͼߣʧȥ˺ͼٽһɲǣϫڿԼռ֮·ԶԶĸ֮⣬ԶԴ֮һ֮·
Ǿ·
ڱҵ·
ңңûкͼҲûֻҲûԼƿصΪ硢硢꾳硢磡
һ̣ЩᣬҲΪʧȥһУóϫһӳֳһա״̬ڴǰϣ֮ķ羰
̣һ١
֮һ֡ǡȥĹ̡
ȥعտձģ
ǳϫĵ;
νռԴƿλĸ֮һȴţ
һţ֮⣬֮⣬󼰵ķ룡
Թδ˿ƣ˿̣ϫΪ˽еĹŽһˣ
˵ĸرһӣôӷѿʱڣ硢޾׳ɳһ껨Լϵ֦Ҷǻϵܿܿ
һһ磬
һҶһᣬᣬĸ֮Դ
ǣĸһӣôǷӴڣ˭
ûܹ󵽡
һвģһ֮š
񣬳ϫƿһţԼıҵ;
ǾĲͬ
̫ϽΪռͷԴˡŮ洵Ϊռ;ͬԴ
Ψгϫ֪ǲռͷľͷһ֮š⣡
һ㣬һ㣬ƿһ㣬֮ߵͣһĿȻ
ϫ˿̣˹硣
ֻҪԸ⣬ֻأͼ磬ʶڡ
ͬһ޷Ϊϫ֮谭ȥƿأЩѱѣ
֮

̫Ͻױˣͷɢ֮֮尾ΪҪǣĵѳױ
˿̵̶̻ϵϡȣҲͨǻۣ
񱻰һУ뷲ؤؤҲ磬ΪѾʧ
ͬȻûвϫʧһ˿ۼѰٲղŴڹһ㡣

һĸϫΪ塱ٰ֣ܰĥնúͼִԴ̫Ͻȴշ裬ֻء
ڶ̫ϽĿùĻӳֵĵһξյʧأٶȷ裬ױ
ڶεҲһƬĻֻ
˿̵̫ϽǰĻһĻϣӳֵǳϫһνĸء
ڶĻϣӳֵǵڶʱһУΪ̫ϽȻǣǵڶĻϵԼͬҲڿͬĵһĻ
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ͺñȳϫԸǣϱȻһŴڣһžϫֻȥݣȥָȴ޷ȥƿţС
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ɸ֮ϣֻڳϫУѲ춯ٽٺƽ٣ƽ
ϫûȥ˼ν죬վˣûУ֮䣬ȫǱ̫Ͻƿضѡ
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ֶɽԣѲİй¼ֱҲһֱֵ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һһɽ磬¡ּ⣡
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ϰǲڿΣ׷׾£һ˷ųϫѧԺеһ¼
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һЩ֪ϫĽϰɡҶƵˣѵõظпΪµĵӽŵ귢ڳϫϵĸ顣
ǵͳϫһǵѧԺĵӣֻʱǨǶȥ˵ݣΪѧԺеĽϰΪһɫС
ԭһֵý飬ǺͳϫһȣǼֱ֮Ҳûȡ
ѧԺְ֣ٱ
ֵֻķΧУȴΨԺ顣
λɽһĵµڳϫ֮󣬱ѿʼִƵѧԺΪһԺ
ֻʱȴһ⣬ɫ飬ԥŲ̤Ǵһ
ֻǴвʱһڳƵġ
ڶ㣬ҷΪγٳûлⶼȥˣʲôæģҶأ
ڶҸԴһ壬ֻҸ׵䣬ĪҪˣЩӶĽ٣Ҫ߻ħˡ
ڶֻ֪ܿүүѽòǶ˰ɣ
ڶ
ڶ
иõҲǾٲά裬һ
û취ǴеÿһﲻҲҵ
ʵҲҪһʣϫʦ˿̾


2200 
УһϮӻƵ۵ĳϫЩͷۡ
һ߷ʶǻۡԣѪԶͱԴһ壬ûκ
ЦõǣԴӳϫ֤ǰϹ֮ЩйصѣһΪֻһ߷޷ȡϫĵλ
¡ᰣɶĵ£ЩԶһʵЦԷǡ
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Ҳûı״ʶѧԺЩУڶڴжȹܹܵѵ֮֡
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ϫڶÿʱȲҪóϫ𷵻ýһ֪ϵĴ档
·˳ϫڶǰãɽϿպȻһ⣬䣬ڳϫһɽ𶯣޾Ȼ
Ҳ˶֪ϫֻò˶ñطɽ磡
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ܹϫڶܾ֮صģҲֻ̳ЩҪ
ȥǣһЩ̳ܲɷֹϵѣ֮ʸ꣬ƽ̫ϳϱ⣬ƽӵȵȣҲӵȽϫڶʸ
ʱ˿̵ĴУЩ̳ϵĺԼϫһЩѣԶڴˡ
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˵ʱһεӰⲽ˴һϮ忡һͷŨܺڷⴹʣȻ
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طɽһ̣һ˲ͺԼڶȡϵ˵ڶЩеļ;ѾЩ귢ɽе顣
ڴʱ˿̴ݵ־磬ϫҲ֪˵ڶܵδҲһЦ
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Ըһأϫ˵ڶѾԺ֮Ϊ
ʱ˿̣һϮĳϫӴ˶һ˿ĸоͷ·𿴼ĳϫأȴ޷϶Զ
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һĻĻ糱ˮ㣬ӳڳϫͷҲǼݡ

Ȼһ˱ǣһٻӰѽסԼϫͷһһǰĽգ˫üīӣһȪˮת峺ӯӯѩϸ壬һ־Ķǵ
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Ƭ̣ϫ˾ͱΧɢȦȦԵúò֡
ס׿СǣȻҪǰܼùˣԶ۴вѡ
ѩʱͿһֳסԶ۾Щš
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ǽյĵڣ˿񷢷˰㣬䵹ظѰңòҵ˵ϫʱ
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Уӳֳһ޳ٻӰİ׳ϸ䣬üĺɫǦʿ㽫һԱֱ޳Ȳյ߾ԣӨ׵һĸ߸Ьڣǰ˵ڹ͵쾡£һֱһ
ٲ΢ĽɫԺ¶һűգ촽Ө󣬱ǡ
ɶļһԴ㵱뿪ҿɺܾöûױˡ
žеԼ૲ѡ
˵ʱһڿ۾̵ͦıϣ˶¶һ֪ԡ߹󡢽Ůǿ
⸱磬ȷؼһģɽҲֻһϲ˴ˣֻǵϫ뿪֮Ѿװ
ߣϢЩŮǱȻѴ˴磬޷ģ
žԼشһڣת߳˽յĵ߸ЬڵϷһ˿ľ֮á


2201 
ϫɽʱط˼磬ʾݶڵġͥС硱ŻһУ˵ѧԺ
֮ϫѣԶڵѧԺܾ
ʱ˿̣̳Уׯࡣ
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ϫͳ򸾶ϵãΪ̳ϵĺɾ̫˵ȥˡ
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Ȼϫͨڶļ˽⵽һУȴҪеġ
һ壬޹غ򣬱Ȼ޷ȥ
οҲѷأǶϫ˵˲̳ϵı仯վδĿùʱ̣ȻӦǶλԸˡ
ԭճϫ˼Ȼ׳أ峤֮λԵɳִƣɳȴҡͷܾˣԸȥȥǵĽ
ǣϫҲֻܶһ֮λ
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񣬷ˡŮ洡һڶڤ۵ȵһͨԶĸв̽һ֮š
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Ϊһ޵յԶУǿսҲܵѹƺ
ͬЩ崳УսǿҲòȥͷ塣

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˫ڽһ䡣
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磬ÿһ½ϣܾһȫͬ塣
˫㣬ָԶ˵Թһţ˵Щν壬ʵ̫ʱΪڵͳ֮ʧܣһЩʧߣʦһ塢ʥһ塢ͫһȵȡ
ŵҲ٣ֻƺһ£ԭѾڣЩͳ֮ʧܵٳ
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Ϊʲô
˫ݲ˿Ҳ˲ôˣֻһ뷨뿪


һƪ ֮š¡
ܴ󣬷ġ
½Զ޷ܾӵ֮⣬һƬء
һ·ǻһֱڹ۲˫ɫɵ֮󣬿˫չֳ쳣ٶ֮󣬾ͶʱףŮ˵һˣ
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˫һ̾ԭϸֳһĨɬҲֻӵֶΣܹȫĨϢһ˿ۼû¡
ϫȻˣûɱЩ壬ֻʱǲףЩеһȺҲе飬ΪµߣԲῴ⡣
˶٣ϫЩԭе飬Ҳɱǣͨǣҿ˽йϢ
ԣ˫ɫһãѾµҵݣ
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˫ŭЦΪƿ֮󣬱Сˣ¸㣬絮֮ʥӵԼף
ϫɲãպֻɱǱߵףνʥ磬ȻͳΪҳϫĵ̡
˫ɫѿޱȣʵ޷󣬳ϫ񾹱֮ԴˣôΪΨһ׵ģ
һ뵽ԼĴ˫еŭʱϨ𣬱޾ľȡ
˵ʲôһ
ϫƺҲú͵˫̸ĿȤؿǻ꣬νߣԭһţȷЩС̫ϽֶΡ
ǻʱȻ˻ʲô˼
Աߵĵ˫ˣɫʱһ䣬ʧ㡭㾿֪һЩʲô
ϫֻؿǻ꣬ԼԼĴ
㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
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ƺµһЩʲôȻڴ˿ֻ̣Ժʶ͵һʹ类ʰ㣬Ҫ
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κǻ궸Ȼһϵʹ֮ɫԶʧĮȻƽһˡ
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ڤڤ֮ǰѾȫòͬ
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ǻ꣬˿Ӧý̫ϽŶԡ
ֻ̹Ȼͷ֪ĸʧ֮ұѾһᱻ㷢߷ֻû뵽ô졣
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˵ţһӨӨٿȻӿ֣ΪһĨ⣬ңңԶ̫ϽĨɱȥ
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ԴԺΪ粻ݷָһƬ

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ףгһһҪȥʥȥһ
ҳϫĶӣһ֮У
ڴ緵ص·;ϣϫǣһ߰Ск֣ⲽǰС
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ף˫̫Ͻô£
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һɫŲڷѩҡҷСһ뿪һף΢ߣִǰаɣҲҪ׷ѰУѾ漣

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΢ҪûȴһɱֵͫȻһС

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ģ֮У죬Ϊɽ˼̻̣֮˸̫¡
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Сƿ컯̥֮ڤ컯Я̫ţշת磬δһܡ
Ϊ𡱣Ϊ

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ţ
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΢΢һЦ
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ЦЦ˵ôʲô
ӵҪʲô
ƣ
ã
飿
ӣ


ܾúܾԺ
һӴһڲԨУͣһǰ
֮أԱ΢̫֮ԵĻԻУһ֮컯֮Уʮʥ͡˭󣬵뿪ϳһֻѰϣ
˵豶Ҫס΢ߣִŶУͬԣ档
һĿ˵ͷ


ƪ ӣ¶ɡһ
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ĵѧԺѳΪһһΪɽĽ޵еġʥء
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ʵ
ЩӵױųԴ峤ָ࣬ټҲΪףһ֮ӣ˫
ЩӵһȣЩ΢ƶӵܣעֻȻ˳޷֮⡣
ҲÿһεѧԺյӣܹ˳ߣųɾŽԶݺպյĹϺӵܡ
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ʱ뿪ʱ仹磬еĵĲ࣬ȴѾ׼
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ҪǣҪڿεĽϰ֪λµԺԺ
ںܾ֮ǰ֪Ժָλ֮ϣУ
ԶһÿΣɳڴ
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Ȼǰ빱û£̧ͷһӢޱȣһ˿аϢӢЦվ˰ǰ
пһ˫ʮָײ߬УҲѡ
Ӣңɽ϶ң߹츳
һ¼УҲǺպķ
ȻɶԣȴһʰĴڣҲ֪ǳʲôԭһֱɵ˰ʹ˲赹ˮȴɵľһЩ鲻΢ĩ顣
˵㣬ǰֱʹӶ磡ʹӻȡһЩٺ»ɲʲôôҲòʱҵѵ衣
һΣϷŪѧԺһŮӣźۼ͵͵ȥŮѧƨɣȴɳģɲ㱻ѧԺִɵĽϰ
ҲԹȴ֣ЩϰһЩͬԴԹۣû
һʧ˼£ʱµѧԺֹƶȼΪϽƣɶԼֳƶ޿ӵܶԣҲ̸жٱ
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ϾҲͷ˼ΪѧԺ֮󣬹㽻ѣѧԺϰҾжǰéֵΪܳ㡣
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Ա߰빺ߣһü续Ů㷢Ũ٣Ժ¶һľݡ
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ŸոսѧԺãƱͳΪ˷ѧĽԶһȾԺӺͽϰ
Ҳ֮һƱ֮»ҪӭȢŮˣ˭Һ˭ĵˣ
ϧǣҲû֪ƱйһкһգҲͨƱȴʲôмֵҲûѰ
ǵûдҵ飬ͳտƱԽأԽ
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ҲǸˣֻҪܲƱȷ绪Ůܲǰһӡ
вĻõһʹԥվҪ뺯ݸԱߵƱ
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ǫѷºͣԴƽݣ崺硣
Ͷ⿡˺øУ̫ཾĺӵܣҲ̫Ŀ˵үǫѷº͵̬ȣɶĿһ¡
ȴߵ粻ƫƫʱʵᡣ
֪Ϊʲô⿡ĵһҶһøҲûУҲΪԷĵƻİţ


ƪ ӣ¶ɡ
ݵ
֪ڿν֮һڵӱ²۵ݵ˴д۵Ϊ֡
һһд裬ԴʵսĥΪǵѧԺһ˵ĴͳĿ
ΪһķݵеıȻҫ֮ͷһŮӵΧչʾһһľսкȲ
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ҹϵȽϺõһЩŮԶΪֱսǰΪ
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ЩԭЩ˷ͷĵӣԳ豵ΪҲΪ
ӳ豽ս뽲һ𣬾ǰһܾλԺԺ֪ͬЩڲͬ˭֪ҵƣûκԥ;ܾˡ
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Сܿȥ
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ԶԶأѾһԼȻӰǣӻ߳ŮƱ
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º͵΢΢һתͷŷֲ֪ʲôʱվߡ
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ЩڨڨҸղš
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ţһλǰմ٣ҸϾ˼£ֻԳȥףˡ
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һͭ۶һƯĻȣɴͣƱǰ
ݳһĿͫı̵Ļ꣬뷢糤ꪣ֮
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ԴЩ£㲻״ڰҡҪȥͳ﹫ӻϡ
ң
ȻƱˣ߿߿ú֮үӦԯС
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һ㶼Լ۾ͭȻƱģΪ豶
Ϊ˼ǣƱһ̾һλŮ㣬ְ豴򿪳ţҿгƺΪү
죡
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׵İϾרע֮ɫţɢһ˵ĳС
ڰ빶棬ЦŽһɫ࣬Ĳյݹ
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Цʣܿɺܾн

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Ǹо񱻴֮ˮϴȫ⣬ѪꡢΪÿһطԶڻһȻƥ
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죬ԯϹŶԯƾǧٳ޵߶ԣٳԭ㲻ʲôԯɽеĵλ̫ҫۺͳȻٲȻǵɽһҡ
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ܹһ뺯ȷ˺ܴҲֱϵ͵ѧԺӵ˫ݡ
ԭƾһ뺯һԲ뵽һɽ綥⼶ʢչһԼ˼ʹϵҪҲΪƱǰ֤Լĵ̺ʵȡ˷ġ
һУҲΪֻû뵽ǣƱɴľܾҵ룬ȴͬһǰμˡ
һ뵽⣬ҲЩֻһĻֻ·Ѫɰɣ
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ƼһɽԶ½
ÿһλɽĴڣȨ죬˷۶֪ǵȳε׳ۡ
ԯӭǰڴΡ
ţлܹμӵһɽʢУĸŮӿ¶ܾˡ
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Ȼܣ
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üͷһ壬ôѳһҲˣʲôʱӦҲ豲μˣ
ƱǴԼӰŴӱ߳ҵʱ˲ЩϸֳһĨЦݣǰˡ
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ԼвȻӣƱʼһԳΨǴӵģõҴǶסݺݳ鴤һ£аȵϷһĨࡣ
һ豣ҪүշҪ˵棬úýѵһ
ǳһӰٿȻͳȥָݺݳ豵ıץȥ
ĶһӾ˸һڱע⣬ԶЩȻտԯƾİǧ磬Ƽ˲֪ɽպĴ
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ƪ ӣ¶ɡġ
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һҲǣǰĽһŮӣΪһӣϧ֣
Ϊѿǣһ֮оͰˣ
ҵĴ֮󣬼ֱԸӵĵز
ٸҶ֣Ψһ³˵
ƱȻһϮȹƮҷȻƥľϣ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ôģĻΧﶼһ˿⣬ͺ˵óܹõ
Ҳǽסһ
ԯǰһǰʢͽĻ˲֪ٵɽƱȴʱ̣سвңֱ޷
սƱҵϵᣬҿɽ綥ţƱΪ˳豣ȴҵֱ˵һѵͲұ
ʱתͷЦԭңվǱⲻˡ
ƱףүҵְǱİȫĵط𷣡
Ȼй˼߰ɡ
ʼվǶҸˡ
˽ԶһпУȷòף̬Ůӣߵһ̴ʱ˵ĿԶ΢
ܹԯǰִһƾŮģ²ˡ
ֻ豺ƱҪʱȴв۷֮鷳ˡ
ԭһֳ֮Ѿ˲ˣҵݰǺܿڶ
һȺˣΪ׵һòϣӣл֮䣬磬ˡ
Ǵӭ߳Ȼݺܲ򵥣Ҳǽյԯϵ뺯ʸɽ
Ȼ˳Ҳˡ
˽ӶϳӵݣǵҼ֮ܣһλ벽Ĵ˳٣
˳ˣһò䲻ͬȴѷɫ˳١
˳ٸһӰڳɫһ䣬һĨη
ҵϹŶ𣬽ϹŶ̫ӣ޳ѧԺԺϰӡ
ÿһɽһľ뢣
ʵҲˣ˳ԭںЩѽ̸Ȼ˵˷飬ǴҴҶ
Ϊ˳ٵЩѣҲһֺ⣬߳һֺ棬һǰˡ
תۼ䣬ӭǰôһóҲѹ
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һĻһֱ޺㣬ǹһĨЦݵĳ豣üȴδ˵ʲô
Ͼԯϵ磬ԷȻִˣֻҪԵɣܹƽͻȾ㹻ˣȫûҪִ
Ʊһ࣬Ҳδ˵ʲôֻһȴѴһĨײ⡣
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˳ٳ֣ԭ߷ߡŭ֡ԺһƬհ׵ץס˾ݣ͵طһ
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üɫڱףٵģҵģλɲףһζŲţ¿ɾֻˡ

˳һһɽԣԶüСһĿǿ湻񰡡
ղŶȻȣң
ΪһϯЩǾһΪˣԭ˳ϡ
һֱԱ߹עһеɵʱ̲סˣҲ֪͵ǣղȳˣĿǳ豵Ĵ
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һʱ֮䣬Ҳп࣬ɫò
Сһû˵ĵط
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һɬҲ̸ϣֻǡԺ¾ûкڵĻˡ
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豿һɣüͷһ壬Ŀ⿴ԴѴһĨʡ
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ĪҪ˵ˣϾԯҵĵ̣ԶǿͣԵ档
˳ٻ˻֣һɻģ·ѾܶòҲԯϺڳ˵档
ҼˣֻգĿ⿴ų豣·˵ǸҲԲ꣡
һĻĻУɽסһ̾ԭƱ֣ôȴ˳ͷϣ͵ʼգҲδ粵
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Щϲˡ
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ԯ㷴ʣζ
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ʱӭǰѻָ֮ǰֻ֣ıͿԶ˳ʱɫԶЩ졣
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ֱʱǰμӴ˴޵ߣ˳ٵ˸ղܵĴܡ
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Ψ°𰸣ǵûգ¶һĨͣͷǶԷأ
ЦǾֻʣһ·ˣȷˣɨϰٸǽ
°ˣ׷ģ˽ģ͸ײͬҲһʱͷѴ̫⻷;֮·ȴԼһߡ
˶٣°ͺñȸղ֮£ʱݣȻû˸㡣
ԯƾԥǲЩˣСһմȾЩϰߣԺ»;Ӱ졣
ҲƱģֻݣȻҵȥɳ°
°ҡͷⲻˣĵôֻΪ˽һҪ鷳ȥΪһ
˶٣νλĵԭӵе˭ȥһ㣬ȻˣΪҪЩãѡһָ޴ķʽȥ⣿
ͺñȼвһ˭֪˫鷳Σյʱ͵ˣѡԼȥɣĻҪкã
һǳ׶ʲôУȴԯƾƱԶ˼
ȷһԭǳ߱ģΪʲôã
丸ϫളĥѣŵĻԻͣһУΪ˹øã
λݡƸеһУɶ֮£
˵ôֻ࣬ĵܣһҫͻԻͣȥúƿغõģȥִ;ܾп˵ǵĳעǺ˲ͬ۱ôʵ˭޷ı䣬еѹ͸ҪǵǣԼǷȥƿغһеһ飬ŬҪܿԼݺӵеı
°Ŀ⿴ų豣ƽ˵
豳ĬƬ̣𣬹ֵл̻塣
°Ц·ԼߵģҲֻܸôˣ֮ǰҿԼݣһȻٷľȥѹǡͷĽҲˣ˳ٵˣֻǵãǳӵܣµģҲ㣬㱳塣
豵˵ͷ
ױܳ磬Ǹ׳ϫ磬衢游ĸѩڳеԶǻ֮
Ļ³ʵֻܸܵλݸԼһֳѹ
䵱Ĵ澭֮ԼҲıӣԼһ˴һƬ
񣬾˸ղǼ£óԼȷǲһġ
ǳϫĶӣǧ谮һһжעĵ;˶ȫͬ
ЩƸλԶӵеԴȻˣΪҪִͿһУ
ôˣȷԵ̫޴
һ̣豺Ȼ뵽Լ͸˵һҪȥ֮⿴һҪ쵽һעҪߵĵ;Ҳȫͬ
񣬸ѾԼһþ棬£ԼΪλȥã
ʱԯƾȻЦʱѾˣߣϷһȥһμЩ͡
£°ͳ豳Цŵͷ


ƪ ʢ֮顾һ
ԯƾϣַǷ
Ȼԯƾûнܳ°象±ݣʱﶼѲ³һʱǵĿжһĨн;η
ϡ
У˭˲ʶ
еһ룬һɽһĴ°ǾʱԭֵȻ˶ݵļž
Ķ
Ȼ°Ȼٱ֮ʼղ޾ܾ߲õļʱЩĶסأҲʼ
Ȼ󣬴еĴҲһˣ׷°Ǿƣͬģδܾܾ
һʱ֮䣬°ɳΪ˴ĿĽɫͷǹ˽յԯƾ
ڴˣԯƾȻ֮࣬ҲΪȻһ˵Ժɡ
ɽУĸ޵ڹʱܹˣ
ϵ¶һݵҫ
ԯƾԣɿܲˣ
ҲһȺһֱĻ㷣ΪΣǱ˳١ҡ𡢽̫ӵˡ
ǵҲܵ䣬ֻΪ֮ǰһ粨һֱȻʳ֪ζ񲻹
ۼһڴƵƵ°Ǿƣ˳͵һҧһһקסҵ½󣬵ߣȥǸ
һһɫ粻ԥΨôȥһܾܾʹǿɾͳ군ˡ
ɿ˿˳ǾȻޱȵɫҲѲݾֻܾӲͷƤ˳˹ȥ
˳ٺ߹ЦЦҲûȥƽϣ°ٱ֮ǰֻһСᣬλĪҪ黳
˵ţһ
˳סˣҲסˣӿһĨĸԭñ䣬Ǳܾ׼뵽Ϊϫӵĳ°Լǰӣ
ܵùϷ򼴱ʱȥҲ޺
˳ټһоƣ
Ҳ֮
ˣ˲ֶԳ°һµʶ˵֮ǰǶԳ°˹Ϊӵܡͷô˿̣ѿʼĵ𾴶Է
ʲôзȣ
ʲôе̣
ˣ

绹ûн°Ȼ뿪û취Щʵ̫ˡ
°ЩԲ
ʱ°ͳֵܶ˲ڶɳеһֵϣ±ƱľȻԶԶġ
磬ǰֻ²ǽֻΪ˸ԯƾүףٰɣ
Цʵ
ڳУϴ󣬳°϶ŵŵС
Ȼǳ껺֮ӣһֵ˴˲ʲô𣬼ڳƺϣҲ֣ǰյϵϵ
°˵ţҲ֪길뿪ɽǰϹʱӦ㰢̣ҪΪٰһ񡣡
豻ȻЦҵȻǵã㰢ʱ˵Ҫ׵ȫ˵Ȣ˿ҲѾϲȥˡ
һ˿ζ
°ҲȻҡҡͷԸҲĵ;أΨԸµķծеЦԷǡ
׻
Ҳ̸ϣЩԸ죬òԼΪڵġ̡Уȼ⣬ƺǵ׷׵ġ
׷
Ҳ̸ϣӵ֪ȴֻĸᡣ
̸ϻģ̸Ϸ°֪˵ʲôãΨҡͷЦ
Ҳ²ǰ㣬ϫѾϲȥˣþһĽеŵԡ
ô˵˴ζǰΪ˺ԯ˴θ׺㰢̵Ļ֮£
豺
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˼ֻܵ͵ˣ
°̹Ȼ㰢Ҳ׸׵ĴҲԴ̫Ϊѣֻ˵ȻҪٰԵѡһ֮أԱѡѧԺ
Ҳܺ⣬ϾԯϺᣬͳϫڵѧԺһйѡٰ񣬵Ҳ֮С
룬ʵ磬ȻҪ͵£ô˴λ֮ǷҪȥ
°ԥȻܣո׵ֻһЩѱӣֻø׿յǣһύʵ̫࣬ǰμӣֻ͵ѡ
°ˣЦû뵽Ҳпյ飬һΪܵ
˽̸֮䣬ѾִѧԺ֮ǰˣ°Ǳ𣬵ĵܣŻҪﱸһʱ䣬ʱ㰲ѧԺаɡ
ʵ磬ҪҰæô
°ҡͷЦǸ׵İţֹ㣬ŵŵǶ޷֣Ϊıǵ͵¡
豵˵ͷȻˣҾѧԺеŲμӻˡ
˵⣬Ȼ˶磬˵˴θӭȢ㰢̣̻᲻
°ЦȻǿ϶ģᰰ̡簢ǣɶûк͸׾й䣬׺㰢ĵؾٰһλ䣬ȻǳζﲻƽȻⲻ˵ģΪ󱲣Ҳﲻʲôæֻܽһȥˡ
ֲˣЦôһ˵һ뿴һ׵ı飬϶ܾʡ
°һۣٶ˵ͳ豴Ǳ֮󣬱ų±ƮȻȥ
ƱֱѧԺ
ľ˼Ӱȥ٣Ҳسȥ˼

ԯϵĻֻйس豺֮һ粨ȴδɢ
·һֻδֻ⣬Ψв߷֪ⶨȻǳ˵ֶΡ
һҶԣǳһϾһ粨ɢȥѵõ˳°ǵ½⣬ҲȻͲҪ鷳
һжָƽ
ڵѧԺУҲδʲôЩѧԺҲӿݣݵɣһ
ҶԴ֪иҽҿһ㣿
ڵѧԺż豣Ҫôü˳۵شҴ뿪ʵڱܲǿеǰкһ̬Ȳνǫѷ˳
Ҳһ㣬ͬҲȥˣ˲ɵȻ豼ȻԸἰԼĻԽ޴ң
ֻɸоһƵģȻû뵽ΪһʻᣬԼһƶӵܣǸȻϵύһϵʵЩ˼ʱҲֺ̿ǰǰһƽ̬ȥԳ象
ֻһȴó豲ЩΣɲԼߵһ֪ԼݣηϵѾԱζǰ㴿⡣
ã豲ûڵѧԺж೤ʱ䣬˴֮ѡǰѧԺУ޷Ҫһ鸸׵߹·ȻŬƸ׵µһԻͼ¼
ǳ豵׳־

ʱ󣬴Ҵš
֪ϫͰ֮ĻеѾ졣
ڵѧԺУҲѧԺеտʼ΢ЩʸϵĽϰɫҴңüԶһ˿޷ȥܺڴ
ȻǴҲϫͰٰĵַѡ˵ѧԺС
һҫ
֣ǳԺڽЩҲʼƵƵ¶档
ҲʣټȫԺϰ͵ӣӼеӺͽϰֹ


ƪ ʢ֮顾

֮ǡ
һƶɵݣ֮Ǵ£µġ֮ݡ
Ϊ֮Ư֮£֮ϣֱ֮ǡ
ȻΪ֪ģžǡʳ֮ƺˡ
һһϵ壬ϲʳҲʳ϶ʦ඼һĺᡣ
֮ǷɣҪΪƻͨĽֵϣɫʳ۴α̿ĽֵˮĦ֮࣬ǲġ
ʳȷǹھ£жŸָޱȵ
Щ֮Ϊ˽ֵĻ⣬Ǻʳ޹ء
ǣһλ̻֮һʱ䣬һ˿ڵĶȡԳһ䶯֮ǣΪƳ硣
λǵ׳ϫ
ҲΪ˵õȫŷõ֮ʢ
ҹɫˮ죬ͷһֱԡ
֮ǵĽֵϣŵƽʣ޺⣬ѤãߺЦˣڸ˱ǵʳУ֮ǵÿһ䡣
һٽְСУһվ̨ǰ֒һβϺˮ죬һ֧֧һ߳βϺ͹зͮͮһЩ۵Ҷޱȵζɢ˴ѡ
С̽еһľǰһȹŮţðӨĸ첲֧°ͣЦ⿵ӣüī촽Өپ㣬续ü˿̾Ҹζ
ܿ죬һβϺʢȹŮǰ
ŮžͿʼãԵͣա
Ӽˣ΢΢һЦ߻̨ǰʼ⿣⿵һɹ
ϫʵ˵ĵط϶֮ǣ̫̫óԵˣǳȥŷֻ֣Ķҵθڡ
ȹŮԵӹĹĵģһߺſ˵жһ˿ζ
ǣȻҲѧˡ
ȻȻǳϫ
˵ĻѾʱˣȴвסֱ֮ǡ
ųϫ֣Ա˳иɫʳأЩ㣬ǾóϫΪʳ
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֮ǰͰһʱǱ֮ǣķֵϳԱ˸ζ
ʱ򣬰һߵӣǡ
ʱ򣬳ϫŸոɶǡ
׷䵱ľʵҲһֶضõӡ
ʵɣܹǵĻٰ϶Ȥʲôʲô⡣
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ϲǾѡٰͺˡ
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ҡͷвУȥ˽صĺõطܱ˷ˡ
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ѽǲЦ̫˽ˣ
ü
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Сٽֶ裬̨֮⣬ֻʣһò͵ľǿֻ¡
˿̣ľֱϫͰռסȻû˿յأʶ߲дһʡ
ۼԷ̬ͣϫҲһǸȻǸС겻ˡ
Щʧ
ˣһ̴̲סˣǳ˵֮ǵĵһֱӪģʱŲҹ룬ȴģĪƲǣ
ϫüͷһ壬ȴ߻ֵˣٻһҾˡ˴½ǰϷԭλڴ¹һԳĲȣѰУȴδһܹ⿴˲ȣʵδЩɨˡ
˵ţҡҡͷʹȥ
һȴ̴ˣ͵һָϫ׹¶
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̴ӻһŵɫ䣬æٲҶԡ
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ϫֵް
ߵ˵ͷתȥԶһǲ⣬ǿ³һա
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ϫЦһЩи䷹ǵδϧ֪黳黳
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һȴŭˣһʲô˼һЩʣǣʵɱ
ɻǷ쭣͵һЦȤʵȤϷ񣬻һǰ֮ǣҲС
˵ţʩʩȻȻľһһ˫ӣЦϷͲˡ
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һ̴ӽԶס֪룬ôΪδأԲ
ȥһһŮʱʧΨСˡڴãɫ価֮ɫȻûһ˿쳣ĵط
ˣѵЩиôζ
ֱЩ̴ǵġˡʱ̾ʱĬʱ꣬ʱȻǻȻûϣ˿̵һλʳͣĵζ
˼ȣʵϷƽӽԺֻҲȸඡ
գ߷һ̾ϢľϻûгĲиãɫӡ
ˣ⡭
һ̴ǰԥڣȴ֪һЩʲôá
߻˻֣ĪҪ˵ľʣµʳȫߣҪСĴ
һ̴ӵʱԾԴЩ£ʣȻҪЩʣߣ
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Щ̴һɵģ߲̾ϢЩһϷ죬ͱǣʧһϻԵ
ϻԵ
һʣȻͻԵǣˣ
Щ̴ͻȻоԼǲǵȷ̫޴ˣΪֱʱҲ벻е
ǰ
ҡҡͷЩɺתƮȻȥ
Щ̴æȥأɻѡ
ҲִѧԺʱǲڳ׹һУʱ˶ˡ

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ϫʼԼģֲұȵġ
ʵûи߰㣬ڣȻ壬ǿٲȻϣҲ̭ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ̴ӳԲѷϫٲ¶ԼĳͷԺԷϳԷз㷲ĻȤ
ôʵҲǱرԼ̬ȣҳϫĳͷԺԲƽϡ
ǴˣһһжᱻԷϴĦǱ¶⣬ҲöԷô£ǱԷⲻɡ
ϫţڿ϶һ㡣
οһʣϫ⿵ģ¾ǳʣµģҲ˭õģ
Ȼϫô룬֪Է϶ô룬˵ʵҲ
еĻʵۣԼڿʹ͸һλ󳼣ԷҲԲΪ裬һڿ㰡ĸܹӵУʲôʵ۰ҵԼ˿ˣԺ˭鷳ڿ㶼Է
ıʵŵһֶԾľηͳĽ
ǻȥɣ
ϫһǵƻ買ˮ֮ǣͷЦſ㡣
š
˵ͷ󼴽ٵĻ䣬о΢΢ЩЩ˵ۡ
Ĵϲ֪ʱúأҹ
ⶴҹԣ밢ŮӣҲס
ο׿ݲ̸ΪһŮӣɾ֮εģһô
ôΪģԺǣڳϫ֪УȻǵһΪϫģȴǵһͳϫٰģ


ƪ ʢ֮顾
ѧԺ
ε̵ƶ䣬ϼɣٲĹش£Ǭء
һĵ䣬ƳӹĵƮؼ䣬͸һɻϲĴϢ
ԼԼأܹǵѧԺϿգ貵ĵ磬䶷ţ̸Ǿʮء
ɳǶ޵Ĥݣ˿󣬼ֱبδУδţ
ơ
ء
ϼ

⡣
һ𣬹ճһԻ֮
ǵѧԺоʲô
ɳе޵߽ԶһͷˮԴǰѧԺ㱻Ժһ£׷ʱ𣬾ûκϢ
ⷴľٶõöɳе޵һΪѧԺʲôشʡ
ֻǽĿһԻ;֮Щ޵ǲȻ򣬵ѧԺشʣھĳֿǰʽ
ǣ˭ôܹͣõѧԺԺǰ׼һУ
˶ں档

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һѧԺϰԲûһУЩѧԺӣ򶼳䵱ӵġ
Щӵ飬ǵûһ˿һϲ֮ûһ͵ġ
Ǳ޵߿Ҳ֪лˣʲôʱһ֮ӰĴڣȻϲ۲Ÿɵӻˣ
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ڴǰĮ̇ϣźһ㡰ɫ𣬽Σͮͮϼɷ
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ڹ㳡棬һ޴Ĺţȫɴܻ磬ߣܵһȻƥĴϢ
ֱͻһԵ컯Ҳûʲô𣬶һŵʵܼ򵥣ӭõġ
磬Ҳֻг¼˴ֱˡ
ֹˣ˴λ᳡ϲõһƷԶнһŰ빣Զľ͡
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ҲȺУֻԵЩ£û취æʱȴ֣ܹĶȥˡ
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ΪѧԺӣҲҲ˽ֻʱǲŷ֣һλ֮˫
Ʊ΢һЩɾЩˣһޱȣĴ˿ȴһʹӰȥɵҲһЩмƥС¡
ΪȥһЩС¶࡭
Ҳһ˵û˵䡢񱦱һһڻ᳡ϣôڷţɶľЩ񱦼ֵж
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Թԣʥƿƹʵͼʥ⡭
һλڻ᳡ֽУһһէģԵΪ
ʵλǰ˭ؽʧ̬
ƳһۣЦǼҸһλѣϹţĪҪЦλһλ

ɵԱߵƱʲôεĴڡ
ƱҲ֪үѣҲǰǰ㲻Է±ڽһ
֪ĵλ֮ɳ״ˡ
ʱһͷѩ͵Ȼ֮ϣһ°ӢİСˡ
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׳ֶ֣￴һƯСܸʶʶ˵ܽһԵ
ɫ͵һͣʧȥ壬˵ʲôҴҪҽܶ󣿡
׵ͷǰǹҲˣģƯѵõǹɶ£ׯ㸸׵ĳŮ
ɫ粻ҧ˵һⱲӶȢޣΪλҪôҡ
˵꣬ͱһץ˰׿ϣ٣Сӣֻģɲ͵ġ
Ҳݳתȥ
Ʊˣæһקסɣͽȥ
Сܿȥ
ʱƣ᳡Ѳϣڶ⣬һû󣬻Ի;š
һڽϰ͵ڴ⣬ӭ͵׼
ЩҲڳ껵Ĵ£ֱڻ᳡
ڣ衢ѩ¡ᰡһŮӣԼ°褡ŵŵ象±֥ܿһں󱲣Զϡ
˵ϫ˴λҪ͵УǶǴ˴ЩѵĿѿӴ֮ԴЩͳϫĪ֮ĺѣǶϲȥдģʧ
Щϫ޶ˣȻҪæһмˡ

ƶ䣬ϼڣشڤ£貵ԣƮأѧԺԡһʥķΧС
ʱԽԽ᳡ԭֵʧһׯµȡ
ʱ
͵أһ񷣬ǰϰףֻų֮ʦ񣬽䵱˾ɫ

һһ֮쳹أ쳹ŴΡ
һӣ᳡ˣԶɫһׯĿԶԼͬԶ㳡ͷһ޴š
ӭ
ϰ׸߰ͷ­ѩ˫֮⣬֣ӲǱгһ׳֮⡣
ЩѧԺӣԼ̳нԶӿһĨڴΣ죬жĴǰμһ˫Ļ䣿


ƪ ʢ֮顾ġ
ӭҲйͰŵġ
˴λ䣬Ǿ˫ӭⷽȻҲżΪ꾡Ĳ
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Զ̻貣ҹգеƬӴǧ֮õĺͬ
ʮźԺĸķԺһ̸ڵϻ֦ҶïεȻ
СҹԺѹһյյͮͮĵƽһϲζ
ש߲һ³ʷظС
ĽಢǰУһ·ϵҲЩ΢΢Ȼ
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ΪһֱĳеʣĽһ·϶ڲ׽ųı飬һ˿΢ȻӦȻҲС
ͥԺֵһ˿ȡˮζ
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仰ʵһɸ߸ϵĵζĽȻó־һ˵źۼԴ룬Ҳû취ֱȥˡ
ڳֻǵ˵ͷû˶
ûһ˿ƼŭķӦ־ɷЩһȭյУвʣЦˣҺȻλͬѧڻʼҵ۹ѧԺѧϰôôȥоˮˣЩҵˣԺҪģǧ·ˡ
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־ͻȻԼĽԼԼһЩʲôסҲһͷۡ
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׵һ꣬׾Ķţ۽һЩβƣһǡ
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أƺԺ˳
ĽཫһпУһʱΪԭѾ׼ĸʳһЩ⣬ͳһһȥ˭뵽һξ۲;ֳ־档
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´رƪ ŮѧԺӡ
ĽѣȻǳ
ĻԪ򸾴ĵͬһ㣬ӵĻ֮󣬻ǽסһ

ҹһУΪһ㲻֪ôĴѧ
ĻԪЩΣ̫ܣȫͲϳõǶо
Ȼ˰Ŀ⿴ʱȴûеõԷķ񶨣вһɡ
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ĻԪüڣ֮ǰίһЩ۹񴦵Ѱæ˵ͱ޷ʲôס
˵ţתһǰȡһݺĵϣǰ
⵵ϸųĳڡͥ״ѧϰɼòڳԸȺáȱ㡢СʱﳤĸѧУ飬ɼʦ˭ͬѧж١еһж޾ϸرд
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Ϊһزţֱӹ۹ҹϽֱӶԵ۹Ψһִ߸ģ
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͸ŵĲƣ˽ԶѹЩЩɻ󣬲Ҫ
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˵꣬žһҶϣ˫ֲ嶵ſ߽˷ѩУĲҪҪġ


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ңɫѲڣ糾ͣཬľ˸٣ʻسǡ


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ˡ

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ΪολҪ磿
һ㣬ȴǲ͸¶ģҲǵһμλ򣬷ҲżϦҲʹҴꡣ

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ϫЦ裬ݣȻɳɢСµ飬¶ӿһٳŮӣֻҪǱ˴ϲģϫҲȥ
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λҪнԺܾһˣ͵Ǽһɡ
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Ľӯӯ˷ܣȫû뵽ԼĸȻҲˣһһ̬ȣԼͳһ
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Ľ͡
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