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嫴½ǿ
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׼ߣ֮
ߣ֮
̤ߣ֮
̤֮졣


һ 


001 
峿ĵ⣬ϣů
Դڣһڴͷһʯ棬ãȻԶգ֪Щʲô
˫峺ˮǣ񣬿ݲֻЩ
ѾʮˡĽɰૡ
£ҡͷЦЦдżԳ֮⡣
漴Ŵȥ
Уһܡ
ʵˣδһɫ
ʮӦµĵطµĻ̶һµķܶĿ꣬ǾǳΪеһʦ
ÿ˵ڶǱһܹԦʱ򣬾̤ʦż
ߵ֮ţ֮γɵġ
ʦǿڵ֮ţӶǿƥϿɾ£׽Ͷرɫ
ʦ֮Ƚ׷ߵ֮Ŵ߸󾳽硣
һΪƾΪΪ컯ĵΪ侳Ϊ׹Ϊ˥һһգʦ޷ĲΡ
ҪؼˣȻĸָѵˡ
ĽϸһĨǳЦ漴ӿǰĲ
ĽڴպգΪĽɵĸǴ峤Ľ˳µĳΪ˴峤ӡ
үү͸ףǰһԣ˵˸߽ޡ
ĸױ˹ȣһ󲡲ȥһЩҲȥڴĽҾʣĸĽΪˡ
磬кʦͬȵ
޷ΪʮǣͨͽޣһǣʵûκģͨԻԶԸ
޻ӵһЩ΢ΨϲŻӵ
ȻҲһЩ⣬ͽױӵгԽͬ׵ʵ
ιĽɣôҪؼ𡣡
ʱһ
ĽתһԭǴʯͷʯͷõѣ˴С浽󣬺ĽγԱȣʯͷǿ׳ѾǴﲶԵͽ޵Իˡ
Ľû˵ֻĬĬĵ˵ͷתǰС
ٺ٣Сӣ㻹ôĸ
ʯͷȥıӰû״Ц
ĽЦ̲סЦһ£ĸǴ﹫Ϊˣ뵽̣ĽŲٴμӿ켸֡
룬һЩƾɵլԺլԺҶ֣Ľҡ
ĽɵļˣҲǴһ˼ҡ
Ľǰ̧ͷźɫҶƾɵҶ֤µţɢһɲɣ¼ŵϢ
꣬ջĿ⣬ƿ˽ȥ
ԺڻһɫƮƬҶǽưܲ
Ľû̫ȥЩǿãмһš
һλӾݵţһϮ£ɢһɲŭƣĬ˫֪Щʲô
վһӣĿ࣬òͰмƣ˿վߵ˵ʲô
Ľɿ첽߽ãתͷĽɣºЦ
Ľɣ˰
Ľɵ˵ͷĬվĸһߡ
ĸףջһλʦ˼ٱ壬ʱ򸽽ϵˣԼҺӳԼΪʲôóɶȥһԣǲĶӶˣĽܳһʦǼλҲ
Ľɵ常˿鼤ŰٲͣȰ˵
ˣɫĮûſ˫ۡ
Сᣬſڣ˵һ䡣
Ľң
ԣɫ΢䣬üһ£ϳΡ
ĸףҪؿǰˡ
䣬ӿĽһۣҡͷ̾תˡ
ֱӵӰȫʧĽլԺĽɵĸ˫ۣվӡ
ɶղŵĻ㶼˰ɡڡ
ǵģĸȥμʽĽɵС
֪ʲôʵ
˵ǼǱڵΪһʦĽûаԥĻص
֪Ҳȥԭ𣿡˵̬˼Ȼ
ĽԣĬ
ǱĻô׼һٸҲһʧȥĸ̲ٴܵҡˡ
ĸԼЩ̾˿
ȥȥԼסʧˣҲҵ
£ȥĽɶվá
ȥǲȥأ
ĽɻȻ̧ף
һ롢зܶˣµµΪĶȹһԼʧ
ҹǿ貣ᡣ
ĽɿڴһСɽϣǰƻͨĴӣŨŨĸӡ
ǳ֣Ƕ֪ʦʮ˴͸˶ˣڵԴ嵽һƬ
ĽɾɽϣԱɫĹĹãּɼ
תͷĹ˫ĸš
үүסĸףѾˣǻҺ̹ĺܺãǲù
ǵСʱ㾭˲ΥģҪĿ꣬ˡûʲô츳Ҳ֪ƽҺȴΪҺã֪пܻʧܣ뿴ܵ
ùöΪĽҵδ룬ȻЩ˽ģҲûд
Ľɻһ٣վӣ·ϵĳ̧ͷҹա
Ҳ֪δ֪˵һƽƽŬһΣֻŲź
Ľͦţ˫ȭ˫֮ŨŨļᶨ֮ɫ
ԾһƬҲڲӣԽԽ
ľѣһĬĬŵСЩȻȿֺĸ
Ȼɹѵļã֮һĻᣬҲԸһԡ
Եʮʮ֮䣬ʮ޷μӲԡ
ҲΪʲôŵԭˡ


002 
ڵҹ˷紵֦ҡΧһƬž
ĽбĹԱߣŵƻ˸Ĵׯ˫˯ȥ
峿ԶյĵһƳĽɵϣ˫ۡ
ˡ
Ľɰૣ漴վӣ΢˼壬Ŵӵķȥ
ѾһƬɽ˺ͣһò֡
ĽɻصʱĽҵźܶˣĸõλãһЩùá
Ľ˹ȥÿλȻĬվĸߡ
ĸףٹʱʦ˾ͻˣĽҲμӲԵСаˣĽɾ;ˣ֪Ͽǵôˣʵ
ҲʣĽԼɡɫ糣̬ƽ
Ľ֮󣬳Ŷ΢΢ͷ߼ˣ˲֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳĸһ̾Ϣ
ڸλùõĽ̸Уʱܿȥֻ治֪˭һ䡣
ʦˣ
ùȻڡ
ȥԼҺӴٶһҪ죬Բܵʱ䡣
԰գ˵һ˳ȥµĳլԺֻʣˡ
ΪʲôӦվӣת׿Ľɣʵ
̣ȥһԡĽɲ̧ͷȥĿ⡣
ϣãʦУôΥġ
̾˿۾
ȥɡ
Ľĸૡ
̣ʧܣһһֱ
һ̣˫ȭųȲȥ
ʱѾû֮ǰüΪ
ĽɸһţȺпԼùãʵҲǺңĽǸļ壬Ȼ٣һ۱ܿ
忴Ľɵ¶һĨοЦݣĿһת˴ڷ
ĽҲĿȥڵѱǣˣһƬտӰ
ǺԵĵȴţƺ֪
֪ʲôȽ׵ʦţȻ֪Ѿð˴Ƭˮ
ĽʮָӣԼѡ֪ǶǴ
Ϊʦüȴ֪ΪֹңԽ̻֮һԵɡĽɿԶ˵š
ˡߺȻ弤
ֻԶһģӰžĽɽ˶Է
һݰ𪣬Ʈݣ۵ӡ
ޱ飬Įһʰ쵵ԲʯͷȻվڴڡ
ϲҪ˹µ˲ظ
ɨһۣü΢΢һЩ䡣
£һЩŮŽ飬ȥ
ĽɿǽԶ˿ӡ
һᣬҾҪȫһ۳ɹʧܣⶼĿĵһ뵽Ľüļᶨ֮ɫŨ
һᣬ˶ˡ
ĽɨһΧμӲԵԼˣȷܶˡ
Ŀˣڡ
ԺһǲԣܼܲͿȵ츳컯ˡ
ӻһͣͷ˼
ΧһƬž˭Ҳ˵ΪСġ
Ϊʦͻ̤һ֮··ϻᾭѣ;֮಻ʤ˳ü
Щʱ򣬲ʧҲδһ¡
̧ͷ̾˿Щƽ
ڳŮˣиΪţһãȻĿӣĻк塣
һ֮·ô
Ľɵૣ˫ٴսȭͷмᶨмڴ
ʮϢǵʱ䣬Ҫ˳ĿԻȥˣ˳ľͿʼʽӵ˵
䣬գ˫ֱվ֪Щʲô
ܵŮһҲҶǴԼļ˳ȥȻܵ𷣡
ʧˣȥҲһʮֶ顣
ʮϢȥӵĿٴϣָ֮ǰ̬
Ȼ˳ʽʼ
԰գĮɨһۺ󷽵Ⱥ
˿Թۿʧǰ
صԲġ
󷽵ԣ֮£һɢ
˲ÿյģġ
һӣԲʯ͵һģһ
ʽ
һЩ׵ĺͯͻأһɤӣŵû
ӵһģԲʯʱųһʹâƯ
Ľ˫һգգĶԲʯ
ӵ˫任̶ͺһ
һ֮ţѣ
һ˲䣬һƬƬˣӵĽɢ
еԲʯŵĹ⻪ԽԽͬϵĽޱȡ
֮ʯת
һָԲʯָһɫ⻪ԼٶȳԲʯ֮С
ԲʯתգۼԽԽ죬ĽɷƬռ˺ɫӺ˶ʧˡ
ԼվΧһƬܵĺɫƺȥһЩ
ɫĻ֮Уʼ߿ǵ㣬Ľ߿ǵ㣬гãȻʶ̧֣Ҫȥǵ㡣
ʱǵԽ󲻶ϵķܳµǵ㡣
һᣬǵסƬգĽҪȥǵʱ򣬶ߺȻһЩϤ
һ֮·Ҫѡ𣿡
֪Ѷ˰ɣΣص·ʺ㡣
ԥˣ
翵ɢȥͬʱǹ˲߽⣬ָ֮ǰһƬڰ
ɹһ룬ϧˣûܶɹԼĽᡣ
ߴһ̾Ľǰһڣ˹ȥ
Ľٴſ˫۵ʱԼһŴϡ
ܣԼĸԣ̵г˹ĺʹȰ
Ľһů˵ȴĸֹ


003 Ҳ
ɶʱ赹ˡ
㣬ڳĴ󲿷ֺӶȥˡ
л赹ȥĺӣǴ˴ʧߡ
˵˴̾˿˵
λʦ˵츳ֻĲⲻᣬ޷ɹ
ĽһԼʧܣɫ˲Щףӿֳһʧ֮⡣
ЩĸȻУ̾Ϣһվӣһ仰
ڷںúϢҪȥ̫࣬𡣡
˵꣬תȥ
Ľɾڴϣ
Ĳⲻᣬѵһô
˫ϸḶ́Ȼſ˫ۣʱ򣬶ϡһЩ
ҵô
ĽɽסȭͷľᣬܳΪʦ
ţ˫գָȴܲʹ
˿ЩŤȥЩɲ
ãԼݻָ˿ʹԼƽһЦԼѪܵ˫֣·Ьӣӷ˳ȥ
ãĸѾ֪ȥĽ߳ţѾҹ
ϵ˺ܶ࣬˶ѾȥûȥҲ׼Ҫߡ
֪˭ɹˣҲûзǵӰǶѾˡ
壬֮ǰѾˣһлָƽ
Ľ߳ӣСɽ£ȥүү͸ĸĹȥһԼ
ķ磬ĴһƬƬݻƵҶ
ĽɵЩߵٶȲ죬ǰϤķĹŨŨ
ţĽͣ˽ŲվԭأһǰһݵӰվĹǰ棬ǵӰĽϤˡ
Լĸ
վĹ֮ǰ촽֪˵Щʲô
Ľɿĸվûйȥڵϣĵȴ
磬ںХ͸żֺ⡣
ҹ¹ĸϣ˼ֱ¶
ƺ˵ˣתӣ΢ͣɽȥ
Ľɴһ˳Լĸ뵥үүĸһᡣ
վĹԱߣڵϣбĹԣڡ
үүסĸףʧˡ
ɶܸԼҲڣΪŬˡ
ʦһ֮·ûܳɹ˵Ҳһְο
䣬ԳЦƼžҹ
Ѿϰոһ긴һ꣬ƽƽӡ
Ľ΢΢գֽҹɫһǻ䣬һǽ
ĽɿЩǣлһĨ׷֮ɫ˸׵һδĳ棬¶ȻЦݡ
ףˣ𣿡
Ǻ٣ֻʮţȻ˵㣬ȴ
үүĸףǿôһҲˡ
Ľ΢ЦſǣһͻȻһǿҵĹâһ´Ӹ߿еĺ棬ŷ䡣
ĽɻȻĿ΢ƣ׹ķ
Ȼովʱ򣬴ؾ
Ľɫ΢䣬ǻλãȷ˴山һƬ֮УĽ֪ɭ֣һЩԻȥɱһЩͽޡ
׹䣬𶯣һĻ˴ﲻ˵ע⡣
ѾвٴŵصȥĽҧҧ첽˹ȥ
ҪϵĿصʱԶͻȻһװ
ɽڴ˵ذ£ȷ˲ÿΥɱ⣡
صƬռ䡣
Ľɫף̲סһ
дһǿѹ˲ҷǿ߷緶ơ
ѵʦô
ĽɿЦૣһݣͣĲţ֮вްη壬ŨŨĿȡ
񣬴ɱ¾һ鿴ϣԭνʦٴδһ
޺󣬷ϻ˵ħͷ˵ö֮δУżͬһöȻһŮӡ
䡭
𣬴𶯵Խңһ㡣
Ӵˣȫ˻ȥ
Ľɻ˫ǰûаԥǰȥ
ʧܣעһƽ޲ʣˣۿһʦ֮ս޺
һˣٶȸ졣
ǰХԽǿ籩ԽǾңĽɵӱߵΧ޷ǰˣֻſڵǰС
ԼһСɽµ棬ĿԶʱͫ͵һһĻǰδĻ档
Ű
ɱ
ǰģӰԽ̤޶վ
Ӱһ۵ӷҹÿιһ籩һ˴·磬ŲĵˣۿҪ
ӿƵֵסʱһӰӴ˵ڳֶ˿źӰ˼ɵ̵˼
޺ǿ֮ĩαؼǿɽڻһ·һ˿˵
Ľſڵϣ׿еӰǰƶ
һֻϣȥɱ⡣
˫ֵʱ򣬿ɽڵ˷ĽɵĴڣһ˷һȡ
ĽһվԳһЦ
ûоʹߣǰһ󲽣ͦţֳһָ
Щ߸ϵʦУϣǱ΢ķˡ
ɱɱˣϧҲˣҲԼϣƾʲôÿμǶҪΨǴӣΪгǿʵô
ЦʵЦ
Ľɫˮ̬ŭ⡣
԰ٴǰһͦˣ˫
һҲǣ


004 ǺˣǱ
ĽɵԵüΪС΢
ȷһ飬Զײʦ³עǸ硣

ɱһһƴ
ɲǣһɴСķ籩֮ȭֱĽɺХ
ֲѹ̩ɽѹĽɵ塣
˫Ŀ죬ӱѹ֮£ֱſڵϣȫĹƿҪһ㡣
ȭδѾǿᵽزòˡ
Ľϲްη壬˫ۿźȻµľȭ
ΣӲ˰벽
Ҳ˫ۡ
һɲ֮⣬ڱ촩
ۼ籩֮ȭХĽɵԺиֳȻСԸ򣬲˵үү̡ĸ׶ãܹί뵽ĸĽɵ˴ʹ
̣ټˣТĽɣ̷ˡ
Уȭٵһȥ
ʱرѣȭؿʼݣڵȫϷ
ׯĴس¡
޺ħͷҺԣСӣȻס㣬Ὣǣܾĥ
ɽڵ԰գĽſ˫Լһ죬ΰץУ¶ĵЦݡ
С㲻йɷ죬ҪΪһʱ嶯ɥȪ
Ľɫףֽٺĸоǳ£ڸղԼһС
ھӹ޺һ˿м
ֻ޺תĿڶϣĽͬ۲ˣֱһŮһߡ
ӾòãɫȴЩ
һŮɫȹӸòͶ֮͸һ׵š
ۣɫͷ׷˿ɱ죬ĶԼԭϼһĽ֮ǰ֮ˡ
޺ȻЦ˿ںߵĻгŨŨڽ
ģץסĽɣӷɿȥٶ磬ѸףĽɴ۽磬ȴ˾ɡ
ΪʲôҪԼ
Է֮ǰĻΪԼйųȵġ
޺ѾشǿѹߣֻǴˣٷ󷽴öλȹŮӵĿϷʵζ
ߣѾͷ˲ȥǿɽһˣʲôûõ˵Ǹˡ
ӴˣҪҵĻ꣬ҵǡ
ҪܵĿ죬Ѿóˡ
޺ɫҲͷǰƿڴ˼䡣
ôɽڣͼȡڷӵĺǣҲҪץȥܳͷޱ飬ĿⲻʱĽɵϣио⡣
޺ץĽɣƴǰɱٶٴ
󷽵˽׷ᣬٶһ㣬Ҳࡣ
Ľĸо޺ĺԽЩץԼԵĻζ
Ѳɱ˾Ҫڿɽ⼸ϣֻһˡ
޺ЩСֹš
ͷԼеĽɣǹճһĨЦ
СӣαˣҪȥ˵ѪɾͰװ˷ˡ
޺˵ţŨŨĲᣬһ˲һŻɫӣͻȻͣ͡
Ľɻ֪Ϊͣ£Ѿ׷ɱ
޺ٸǻȥһһ·ġݺĽɵĶУ΢΢Щ̶
ȹŮ¶⣬һָ߸ϵĿ⿴Ź޺󣬺ڿһ·ӵﷸ
׷ߺ꾡ȻĿвԣ̷ҹ
޺ŻɫӣץĽɣɫȻĿŶˣ˵
һȺɽڵķҪǱɱǲڷ֮䣬ǵǰ׷ɱңֻΪ˵õǲǼӡ
˵˴޺ϵƺȻ̶ɨԲɫ䣬ȥվԶһصŹ޺
Ľɾ빬޺ŴӶԷɢȻƣƿɻأƿɷɫ䣬һ̣У޺
̲ס΢΢·ԼϵһŷǣС˼㡣
Ľɫ԰ף񲻶ܵʱҪһ㡣
СӣǼ˸ˣұܺôһȡġ
޺ת׿ĽɣЦһ֮һѽץ
Ľûа㷴ֻ֮ɶԷڲ
ǿ
ֻҪϸÿһ˶ϸ
ֻҪƣȨ
ûжֻǿߺߡ
Ľﲻϵĳ˼ţһ˫лһĨ֮ɫ
޺ȥı仯ץĽɣһƴĸĽɾĿУĵ
һ΢¡

ĽʹĽгӲϵӿѪԹ޺Թޣ֪ԼֻһõĹ߰ˡ
ĽɽԼʶģѵҪһغ
ǰѪҺĽɸоһڣٶԡ
޺󲻹ĽɵĸƿһѪ֮󣬲Ŀ˼еĻɫӣһҧһüֱӷڡ
ᣡ
УֻĽɵĸ仯ѿ忪ʼָ
ôЩȫڼһƱȽϱա
˵ͷ޺ʳָĽɵ年˼£һƵĳ֣ܿȫͲĹ硣
һ̿ȥʵˡ
濿ɽڵˣԶԶȥ޺ĽõֶΣкò졣
ãħͷһǽʲôؽ˴ӵڣ֮ҵٳֽ¡׷ɫ䣬æ˺ȵ
ԣɫһûаɣͬ׷ֱ޺ɱȥ


005 ˣ
޺ٽˣһĨЦ˿¶ɫ
ȱ˰Сˣںú档
޺䣬ŻԲѵĽɣ
ûķϲģ˾ڰһΣΪ㿪һ֮ţҲԱ֮δȥ㣬Ѿˡ
޺֣Ľɵͷһġ
һɰ纣ͷڣһ΢ĺ
ûˡ޺¶Цݡ
漴̧ͷȻٵĿɽˣץĽɣ͵һף˫ַ仯Ī⡣
˼޺˫ɫ䡣
˲̾һӡ
赣ģŸıӲǵġһԵŨŨ
˲֮Щ죬ٳֹ׷߿Ź޺ʩչ˲֮ǿҵĲ֮У̶˷Ըһ䡣
Լһֱ޺ɱȥ
޺ɫĿˣһ
ȷ֪Щˣ޿
£Ȼշɫ䣬˲˺ѿһ޴ĺɫѷ졣
źɫѷĳ֣Χһ޴ķ籩Ű񷡣
޺ɫһлһĨȻһץеĽɣٵİѷ֮С
һ֮󣬹޺ֱָ죬漴ͺһ
˲

ѷʧ֮Уֻһĺۼ֤֮ǰһĻ
޺תɱˣ䣬ȻЦ
׷ɱôãһǺú棬Сආ

ϪأλڶʤݱһСسǡ
ΧˮΧƣ徻ͨ˶ｻף˵һȽϸеسǡ
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˵ʦڴ˱չ˵ŵرе˵ң֮ҥ𣬲Ӷ̽ռңһЩʦ˱أϪص˱˺ܶࡣ
ά죬ͻȻɢˣ˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôд󲿷ֵѡ£ȴԵ٣дһЩ̽ռҺСͼӵܣʦǶѾˡ
ϦǱصһСҽʦʮѾõүүȫ洫ڳڿһҹģСҩ̣βͳҩģڳҲǹܻӭ
ϦӳҴææԼҩ̸ȥϱһ޴¨ɫҩġ
ɫҴңſЦ֪ʲô顣
Ϧֲ̧һѶͷðĺˮһһСֹ
ˡˣҲȥɽûҵκαһֵĲˣ⼸˷Ҵҩݡ
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ϦкһСͽܣҩĽ˶ԷӿŲ߽Լ˽СԺСԺϦרоҽѧĵطû˭Ҳڡ
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΢Цٴα˫Է
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ĽɽĸоһԼĸӿĺɫԼԵЩⷢһѽܡ
ʮպҩ̳һµԱС²ҵע⣬ϪسԾɺһָƽӵܺ̽ռҲ½½뿪ˣƽйš
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СسѾһˣΪ˲ôɣϦ˵ԼԶݣҩ̣еҲͻȻֵİˣȻҪΪϦ
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006 һת۵
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ù󣬶ߺȻһϲЦԼһҴҵĽŲ
룬һϦ׬һʡ
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007 죬ҲҪ̤ڽ£һ
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008 죬ҲҪ̤ڽ£
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009 ھСӵһԱ
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ô˲ʯȻѡ
һ̣һŮһСľз׷˳һʮˡ
̶Ƭ̹ǾվִǰĿȴһԵĽϡ
˧һˣеһԱ
ӱھһ䣬˭ҸҶҾͻһ˭
ˣǸһסĵط
ִ˺ɤӺôҶ䷢ʹ
˵꣬תȥĽɶ
ʮĿ⣬Ľɵϣǵһαô˹ע
ڴ˿̣һ㣬ӽ˶ĺڷ꣬Ľ¶ֿ΢Ц
µѣӭ˧£ھСӡ
ĽԣЦͷ
һСľС
Ľڼªľ崲ϣɱ¾鵺ơ
ھСӣֻһСӵļƣ˺ܶСŶӡ
˧¾оŸСӣɱ¾鵺ÿһСӵĳԱÿҪľǷ˧һɸָΣʧܵˣ³ֻ
Щ飬ģǵھСһԱÿһĳԱйɱ¾鵺һ顣
ھСԭʮһˣȴڽ˶ʮˣνأ˵ΪһͻȻ޿񳱵µģֻʣʮ߸ˣĽɲʮ˰ˡ
ڵλôڵıԵһƬɭ֣ÿյǽɭ֣ȡ˧ҪĶɹ˴ʧܵˣسͷ
֮һ仰ҪôɹҪô
ΪʧܣӻˣҪܵĳͷҲҪ
Ľɾţ˼Źڴ˵һС
ͬʱһСľУԼʮ߰ꡢŮΧһ
࣬ȷôһݿεĻʵ
ٰףҵôΪĺڷ꣬ɫ΢䣬̬˼ֲá
ٰڣȴȺмһ췢꣬ʾҪ˵
ʱСһƬÿһ˵ƺż¡


010 Ǽ
ˣʲô˵ɡ
Сᣬ췢국һ仰˰
磬˵ɣǴġԣæЦſڡ
ˣ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ˣ֪еɻһûʵûбˣ͵죬ǻΪѰ·
һ٣ü΢˵
ǣѾûʱˣ˵ĵǴʮʱ䡣
ҶǵãÿµĳԱСӾʮʱ䣬ʮҪŬڴÿ˴һ죬ܻܲȥҪԼˡ
Ȼ˵ھСӣǾһˡ
췢˫üչƽȴŨŨļᶨ
໥һۣͷӦ
״ͷŴһ˻֡
Ŀ¶Ȼ뿪ӡ
ʱ䣬˵ܽǸ𣿡
֮곤̾˿ƽ̸
㺦ôһ
ⲻǺ£ǵģϾһôãѾΪһˣҲٿҡͷЦ
ʱһǰ
ɫ԰ףɫӣҰɫüëȥЩ졣
ɨһ˵
ֲǣÿ˶˽ģ˧ڿ˵Žᡣ
Ц֮ЩΪǵСӣΪԼʵǿᡣ
ôôԱ
̬䣬˵лһĨɭȻŭ⡣
СӣսˣȻﲻæҲҪԱԾɵĮϲŭƺκҲ޷
̾˿ĬȻȥ
Էߺ
ʱ䣬̫ݡ
峿죬µһˡ
СɽУĽվʮ߸˵ǰڵھСУֻСֻʮꡣ
Ҳ˼꣬ƽ˫ʮҰɡ
ĽɾĬվڴǰ֪ЩҪʲô
ǳЦ

ġ
ǲԼСɱġ
꣬ڶĽɵǰ
Ϊ˵ھСӣΪǣҲΪԼ
ǻ㰲һЩܱܲǿܻܲţͿԼˡ
ԷģѾ˵ھСӣǷϲĻţǶ㡣
԰գĽɵļ򣬵һЦ
Ľɫ΢лһĨɡ
ÿ˶˹Լ֣Ĵк
¶һĨЦҺĽɴк֮˲
ˣҶ໥ʶˣпʼ
ҶĬ㸺ĽһЩ죬졢ٰ׺Ͱմڡ
ˣ߰ɡ
ϣŴ󲿷ֵ߳ɽȣԭֻʣĽɺͰҶĬ
ҶĬԾһĮģղŴкʱҲֻǵ˵֡
ҶĬעĽɣڡ
ҪΪǿߣҪܻȥ
ҪȥҪӵɱ˵ʵ
ҶĬ˵꣬Ӱһ
һ˲䣬ĽɾͷһѷĶ̵Լؿڣ̵ϴ⣬ֻԷ΢΢ҪȪ
գҪٶȣո˵סɱ¾鵺ûͬ飬ûвֻ̣ɱ¾
ĻصĽɵĶߡ
ҶĬջض̵վԭĽɡ
ĽɫףͷðƬˮղŷ飬Ȼӿ졣
֪ˡнţ̬򾲡
ֻܽһ죬ѧٶҪԼˡ
ҪķӦһᷢҪȫܡ
ȻڶܵͬʱչҲǿԵġ
ҶĬĵͷЦһ˵
䣬ҶĬһȭһǿȭֱĽɸ
æУĽɽŲˣֻ󱳺һܵһǿײӶʱǰ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
о񣬲ɷģҪܹվͲҪ˷ʱ䣬ϣ㻹кܶණҪѧ
ԶҶĬȻվȻڡ
ǿ֮·Ҳһ
Ľҧҧ͵վӣᶨ
Ҷ磬Ǽ
һȭХĽɸշӦֱݺݵĻ˵ϡ
ءվ𡭡
һĻš
ķӦ̫ˣҪ˵ٱ飬ס
񣬲ɷģЩվǧΣ㻹ǻᵹȥ
Σ٣ҪڵһʱӦǰԤֻ֪һ㣬ڵ˵Ĺ»ȥ
Ľɵĵվ𣬶߲ϴҶĬָ㡣
ҶĬû֣ʱĹĽѾɫ԰ףˣһĨʺѪ𣬵ȴû¶ϵĽơ
ΪƵԭĽɵ·ܺԼʵʵǵĺƱ˿֮ǰϦ෬ġ
һˤڵأĽɻʹޱȣȴûзҽС
һǿҶĬһȻŲȣʧȥƽˤˡ
ҶĬߵĽɵǰĿڵϵ
һʱͲ𣿡
ɱ¾鵺ϱ㹥ҪǧٱȥͱҪԶ˵
ڵиΪѣȣ̫Զ
ĽɽҧأվӣڴϢš
ҡҿԣǼ
ҶĬƺһ۵͸һĨ΢ɲ֮ɫĽɲûвΪٴαˡ
һȭһȭһνһεĵء
ܵƣѾĽܹܵķΧʱĽɫȻͦѾվˡ
ҶĬݱ䣬û˵ĽɷСľУȥ


011 
ĽɾĬڴϣĵ֮ӿֳһů
ůɢȫƽָһЩ
о֮УĽɱ˫˯ȥ
һߣɽ⡣
һɽ֮УŸָ滨ݣһա
˿̣һȺʲôϸһˡ
ˡ
ڣͻȻһ٣Ȼ̧ףԶ˵
һ̣һɫ԰׵ԶҶĬ
ôˣҶĬӽ赭дʵ
־ᣬʱգΪһǿߡҶĬĮĻص
ǵʱɲˣˣѧپѧٰɣҲҪʼˡڡ
СľڣĽſۣ˿ܣԳһЦ
Ϣվʼ磬оȫ³ްʹ
ҵڳָо
Ľɵૣȫϣ
ÿλָ嶼мĸı䣬һıǿȻԭ򣬵Ľ˵һ£Ծȥ
߳ľݣѾϦ¡
ͣɽȣӳճһ׵Ļ档
Ľȴް˼Ź⣬뵽
ǻûлҶĬҲ֪ȥӦȥҴȥˡ
Ľɶһɽ߶ȥɽ濴Լôˣ˵һЩΣ
ɽСռݣһԽ룬ᱻΪ룬ԷȨɱ
㲻СɱʧҲһǳΣյ飬Ľڵʵ޲ҲҪˣ̫ˡ
ĽɽУеЩµƱһ㣬ҪΪǿߣҪϵǣ˿̵ȴǲ֪Ӻ֡
ĽֻܻŰҶĬÿһζԷٶ̫죬׼ȷжϣֻƾоȥ
УȥÿһܹܶӶչ
Ľɱ˫
ڿտɽУĽɵӰţȥЩٶȴԽԽ죬ϵ˼ţҶĬʱӣȻΧһС
ɫҹ١
ŵھСӵ˻ˡ
˵϶żƣȴ˼ο
ǻصɽȵʱ򣬵һʱ俴ĽͬȵӰڶʲô
ĽɵٶȲǺܿ죬ȴǳһƮš
ʾͣ£ھСӵĳԱǲĿĽɣ֪ʲô
ҶĬĽɵĶ˫üһƺʲôЩ㵵Ŀڡ
ڶҵĹ
ĿĽһۣת׿ٰףߵ˵ͷȻһЦֱĽȥ
ôЩװɡ
ʱһڷ٣ľɫŮڡ
޷˵꣬΢Ͳ
ĽԾɳ֮У˵ĵûע⵽
ٰĽʮҵλãȻЦ
СӣСˡ
£ûаԥֱĽɻӳһȭ
һȭ磬Ѹף
ĽɱУȻ³
ۼ͵һȭٽٰ𾪵ĿУĽɽŲ΢΢ƶ㿪˶ԷĹ
ٰһȭգǰȥĽɻȻתſ˫ֳƣٰ׵ĺһƣһɾ޴ʹٰǰȥ
һĻڳ֮˺òԾ˲ĶöԷĹԣչһϵеķȻûаɱȴΪ
ҶĬȵĲķĽתʱĽɵϣȻûа˺ۡ
˿ڲˡҶĬͫɵ˵
ԣ˫üڳ˼
ٰ׿ɾͱˣĽƷ˳ȥȻǿվȽŲûеڵϣɶˣǿ೰ЦĿ⣬оͺòջ
Ľվԭأƽȴ˾棬֪ԼôģֻƾŸоչĶ
оһΣϮ˼Ķ㿪漴
ٰɫЩѿǰѵĽһ٣ؼ棬ЦһĽ˹
һʱ䣬Ľ㲻򵥡
˵꣬Ľ֡
ĽɻعЦͷĬȻ֡
˫һ֮ĽɺȻоһ΢Լֱۣ֮ڡ
Ľ΢䣬ĮĿ
Ҫʲô
£Ҫơ
ƾĽҲ˦
ԶˣԣҶĬһʱ̬Щš
Ҫʲô
˵ţҶ˹ɿ֣΢΢ͷɫЩأ֪ڳ˼ʲô
ҿˡĽĿĿ
ۼЩأǰһ˸
Ľɣˣ㲻жģôȻĵͲҪˡ
Ľˣһû˵˼ֲ
ѵʲô
һƬֻ΢ķ
лһĨɫƺ뵽ʲôĿĽһۡ
ĽɱôһвŨתȥ
ûʲô£Ҷɢ˰ɡ
˵꣬ĽǸȻһЦ
ĽɣղҶˣǸԭ¡
ˣ¶ɻĿ⣬࿪˸Ц
û뵽û뵽
ٰ֮꣬ܿײ㹷ʺðõ볪衣
򣬴򣬴򡭡
ĬĸҶУеЦ
ٰɫһ죬֮£ƺתˡ
ҺܿɢȥˣֻҶĬ֮ǰֱĽһۣ漴תȥ
˶ˣǿԺú̸̸ô˶ɢˣȻڡ
Һ֮䣬ûʲô̸Ļ⡣Ľ䣬ɫ˼ֲá


012 ˵
Ǻǣ֪ղҶðٴǸ
Ҫ˵йأѵҲô
ֿ̬żϢ
롣
Ľɿһۣתˣ¶̶̵֡
ˣһܹΪǿߡ
㽫ѣһӶ޷̤ǿ֮С
û׷ȥǿĽɵıӰ˵
Ľԣһʱͣ˽Ų
תһЦ˵
Ҫ˵ʲô
û˵Цתɽȥ
Ľ˺档
ߺһСľڣһĿ⿴ʧæ˵
ս㣬ٺĽɳˡ
飬ǲҪˣĵ
ڴϣ͵Ů˵
Ů˵ͷ˵
㾿Ҫʲôѵ㷢ʲôô
ҳôһ콾Ϊ֮𡣡
Ҫ͹콾ʵ
һ
Ҷӣ֪СӸʲôȥ𣿡һСľڣٰ׿ҶĬʵ
֮ܣȻ˵ҲûҪ²⣬˯ɡҶĬص
ȤǺٰԣ»ˣȻ
С쵰ԭӦúǸĽסһģҪסҲܣһԼ˯ӣûط
ˣҲ˵ɣٰ׹ȻĵջҪϢɡҶĬֱӿڴǡ
ԣĬƺһһŴ˯
㵽ʲôľٶҲ⡣ҶĬҡҡͷ˵š
ÿһСľڣۣ޶йĽɵġ
ɽ⣬һƬƲݵУǰ棬ĽСں棬˭Ҳû˵Ĭš
СᣬȻͣͽŲ
Ľɵһ٣վԭزĿ⣬ڶԷϡ
֪ν£Ҫʱ̽Сġ
һƬ̵ĲݵأͻȻ֣һҵҲ֪
Ľɣվš
Ľûпڡ
ģȻʧˣĽЩ㵣תѰҵʱԼǰͻȻһ˫ơ
ĽȴһؿڵѾ˫Ƹǿˡ
ɫ˲䱩¶⣬ʱֳһɫ˿ںţȥò졣
ڽƣ˾ƿ˼顣
ĽɻæˣæڵסЩƣڼΪڣ¶˵һ˵ܣҪסܣֻлһ
Ķ֣ҪܣΧǲݵأɫѺڣѷַ
ֻԷһľ룬ߺ޵ĿԴе
û뵽ϴڽ֮ƣ
˺һӣŻ˵ŨŨľȡ
㵽ʲô˼ĽվԶŭ˵ŭǡ
֪ϺƵô̬Լء
Ľԣ˫ü΢أһ㵡
ǽơ
һΪ֣һ÷չƣڶõҩ
һ֣ʦʩչĽͨ
˵ţһ٣Ľһۡ
ǿϵĽƣħͨ
ҲǴҶĬĻģʱΪʦµܿٻָơ
ҷ֣鲢ˣҲʦҳ̽ʱҵȻһסˣһʼһΪӵп˿̽ıȴû뵽ơ
˿һ˵ô࣬ĽһʱЩȻ
Ľɵκˣԭ޺ԼƣȻһҪĶǾǹ޺еĻɫӡ
ɫйء
Ľ˲ɣ漴ԼĸоиڵﴦĽɵɵüӿ˼֡
ϢһõģһģҪĸĽɣЩء
ġĽɵ˵
ΪˡɫһĽ˵
õأĽ֮ɫЩףЦڡ
ҿȷĵһ֮Ѿ˿ˡ
ڵֻҪŬͿȫڵǱˡ
Ҳ֪˭ƣЩƶڵ˵δزһ£ΪĴڣ𵽷á
һ˵˳һ
ҵĵһ֮ѾˡĽԣЩš
ûֻпһ̤ƾˣܿٻָƣڵ֮Ŵڰ뿪״̬Ҳ˵ڰ벽ƾ硣
Ϊ廹ûдﵽһŵڵѪֻҪͣоͿˡ
ֿ̬Ͽңα
ΪʲôҪЩ
Ľ֪һ֮󣬲ûзɾ裬侲
ƽ޹ʵĺԼ˵ЩóԷһĻ֮
ΪҪ
ȻЦˣ漴˵
ȲҪžܾҪϸһ£ΪҪɱ¾鵺ȥҪǺ
ڵ㻹һߣȫΪʦҪһЩʱ䣬ǿ԰ʱ䣬ΪҲǰ̤ƾ硣
ңҶĬҲƾΪ˱ȽĮٰ׺ͰҲҪˣʱǺ֮£ͿԽҹء
ҹأĽĿ¶ɻĿ֪Է˵ҹʲô˼
ҹǱ֮һأûмأҲ֪ģҹصԶԶΣǧٱȴӵԵΪǡ
ҪҹأҪμɱȣֻǰСӿԽ룬֪СеĶУǰʮȥ
㣬ǾлǰʮΣʱ䣬Ҳʧܡ
˵꣬΢΢ףԶգ˼ᶨִš


013 պ
ԸƣʲôΣô
Ľ˽һ֮󣬳ڽһ䡣
ƣϹţڻ½ƣ붼Щ¡
ЩڼĲ￴ģûйܣܹ֮ϵóΪżһЩͼϵЩơ
ҼǵãʩߣһӦ
Цҡͷ£ĽһݣʩһĸӦϵô޺һܹҵԼ
뵽޺ǿʵĽ˼֮Уڱ̾Уٶȿڡ
ҼǵںйڽƵĵ伮
ôĽԣһץһһ㡣
Ҳ峤ᵽǼ٣Լȥ֤ʵĽɼӣЦ˵
Ľָƽ΢΢ͷ˾
һҪȥһڡ
ôͬˡʵ
ţһᾡйϵĽƣ㲻ԸκˡĽŴӦ
û⡣
ɫȻûаԥĵ˵ͷ
ˣǻȥɣһ㣬һᵣĵġ
Ľû˵ɽȥ
˻صɽȣԻصԼСľڣȥûзκ顣
ĽɾĬڴϣ˵Ļૡ
ĻھСӵ˶ҪСġ
һˣĽɰֶΣСӵĳԱܷʵǿᣬҪй˵ǻۺӵĲŻȷ߱Щ
Ľֻ԰ڵ̶̤ƾĿǰġ
Һڴ̤ƾĸо
õһȫ㡣
Ľ漴˫ۡ
ĽɣҺܿ㣬ΪãΪҵһħƿһɱﵣɲҪʧСڣŴҹգǹճһĨЦݡ
һҹ޻
̫µһ콵١
ŵھСӵĳԱ֮ľĽ⵽˵ķԣļᶨĻ£ֻĬĬĸҶĬȥ
ҶĬ֮ǰĿĽһۣ֪Щʲô
ɽ⣬һٲ֮£Ľվٲм䣬ٲµľ޴
˫޴ʯĬվš
·ѽʪ˫Щǿš
Զϥһʯϣе
֮ǰѵ·ﲻģɲصϵĺƻᱻ¶
Ľ˲ᣬͦɽվһĽɲ뿪ڣ˿ľҪ߶ȼУзľͻܲס־޴ѹȥ
ٲĳ㲻Ͽ£ֻƾѹ޷ڵȫǱܡ
ϵǧʯǿܣ뼫޻һЩ
ļ޾ǳԽܹܼܵڵǱ
԰գȻһΣ˲ʧԭء
һ̣ٲĶˣһԲСľʯ
һѣ
ĽԷ˼ֲ
䣡
һ죬ʯͷ䣬Ľصĵ˵ϣһĨʺ졣
ֻҪûлȥҪվֻвϵĳԽޣͻƿĮٴδĽɵĶС
УӴ˿ʼ
ɽУһӰ֣ɿƶţÿһطһӰٶȿľˡ
ãӰͣһٲԱߵʯϣϥĿ
ھˣµҪˡ
ſ˫տȻૡ
겻ǱˣĽɡ
ļ˻ת䡣
ǷӦٶȣһͻƣڵѾҪȫ򿪵һ֮ˡ
ĽɾĬʯ棬Ĳпϱ֮ǰǿ׳һЩһȭһţԿʩչ֮
һţҪӵʮֻ֮֮ҪŬ
Ľ˵ţüһƺӦʲôһӰ˲˰ٲ֮⡣
һ뿪֮ǰµʯȻѣʯ䣬ƬƬˮ
յУĽСȻǰӦҵĹʶúǿһɫӰĽɵǰ
ôûǲǳʲôˡĽɿǰɫ԰׵ʵ
ҶĬĳָĽɴ˼⡣
εЩ֣ǻȥ˵ɡҶĬɫһ̬Щ
Ľԣ˫ü΢΢һ¡
˻صɽȣҶվĬ
ĽɵĻֵͳƽǰһŴ˵
˶ˣ˵˵ס
˵ţ̾˿漴˵
СӺҲ˵ǵھСҪСչֱǵߺ͵ڰСӡ
£ڳɫ䣬ʱһȻ󲨡
ⲻܣߺ͵ڰСӵļһǷǺֻǰװһ
ɶսҲǺٰ̬ᶨ
󣬴ҷ׷׿ڣ
ĽǵۣҲ˳˼
ߺ͵ڰСӵҲ˽һЩսϱǿϲ٣ӵĳԱһЩſһ֮ȫѵھСӵ˷У˵Ǻ˵ȥ˼
ˣҾһ
ҶĬЩ䣬˻һȻֹֻһЩ
˫üһ̬Ϊࡣ
֪ҶԸǺҲ֪ƲǣǵʵȷǣһεǱҪɣҵȺпȫ䡣


014 콾
صɽȡ
ˣ˿һƬ
Ľɿ˿Ц
εΪΣգ֪Ǹǻ
ҳĬٴοڡ
ΪҪɱХǡ
ƽȴڳɫ䣬ĽҲɵͫһ
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˵ļƻռ󣬵ǿжȺܸߣֱ˵궼ûκһ˳Էԡ
ƻǣѡΪնХǡ



015 кβ
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ľٶȺ˵ˣʮҲɻһҵ
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018 ħ
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Ŀ£ĮȻŲԶĽɣ͵Ļӳһָ
һͷڷ޷ԶвϵѶüĴĸֳһӡǣ˫Щ졣
˫һƬʱ򣬾ֹͣ䣬˫͵һؿڣһХ
漴ݱаüĴӳһɫ˿ȥΪ졣
촽ĿԶĽɣЦһһƻӳ
ĽͷϿյĺɫԽʵۼǿͨްңһָһ˻һߡ
ЩĽɿżٵĹһ
ȭһӡ
ɫ䣬ħӿ֣һֻʮɴСĺɫȭӰ۶Ũħ⣬ַԲ
쿪ָɽֱѪâӭȥ
䣡
ͨȻײ
ʱֹͣ
籬ƶ䡣
γɵ籩˲˺Χڵһ
ɱ¾鵺һŵĶ¥ڡ
һѪۣ˷Ůӣеһſϡ
پ£òں㷢Ȼ䣬ü΢΢𣬽С˵ĺ촽һջ
ģƺӦʲôŵ˫ȻſЩ䣬ȴԾɶ
ִ˵ˣûҪ飬Ҫҡ
һķ֣һϮ쳤۵ӣŮӵǰɢһ׺ԵϢص˵
㲻ô˴Щ𣬿㻹Ǵ˵䣬ΪʲôǰƲ
Ʋ۶ߵ鷢˹˵
Ҫˣɱ¾鵺ûаϵֻǰʱ鵽еĲпͳɹԣûд
ִԣ˵תŴ֣֪Щʲô
ֲǱ󶼽㣬ŮȻ顣
СᣬִȻڡ
Ʋ֮󣬿ЦЦݺ˿̲סĽ֮⡣
ִﲢΪûа㷴Ӧ
ллǵźҺϲƲЦˣ˵
֪ԺܲЦóִ̬˼ּڽ
Ҿ㣬ҵǰҪһɱˡƲһΪ䣬캮һ㣬˻
˵ɱ˲ٿɽڵĵӣѾ˲ݵľ档ִȻһЦǴص˵
Ʋһۣ͸ַУû˵
ִﻹ˵ʱɫ䣬ƺӦʲôһΣʧ
һ̣˸¥֮⣬ͷϵİ쳤ۣĿصǰ
Ʋ̤ޣһһ


019 ŮƲ
ǱЩԾ
ִɫһЩء
ɱһֻХǣûʲôɾġ
Ǹ㸺ɣҼǵ콾ɱһֻ޵Ҳϡ档
ƲΪȻƵ˵
ɱһͷХǣͶϹͨЩ߹ˡִüͷҡҡͷ
ܶ˧ܼ֮£һ̳ɱȣָ÷һˡƲЦڡ
ִԣ˫üչĬ
޻֮ʱһǿϢٴδִɫһĿԶŨŨš
һԵƲҲһ˲ȥ
ܣԲܡִʧɫ˵
صģǿǱ֡Ʋƽ˵
ԶϿգһɫӰ𣬽Ƶɫĩһ㡣
⡭ĶͨܰƲüһ˸ӡ
£һɿֱֲ췣һ㣬Īɵֵ
һġִﰵૣת׿Ʋһۡ
ƲʼԶա
䣡
һа
ո磬Ű񷡣
ִеˣƬȥһˡ
Ʋü壬һ
԰գǰƣӰһΪһѪɫӿնȥ
ֻΪȥ˿Ҳﲻæ
ִЦһ԰һΣһɱȥ
˿̵ɫҰף͵һѪ̱˵ϡ
䣡
һӰ߷ɹĴϣҳһ޴ӣɢ̡
ȿȿȡ
ƮɢУɿ
磬ҪڷˣǸĶ֡Ц˵
ģЩ˧ôûȥǵѪ̬Ρ
ԶһͦӰ
Ľɻ˺ѣ¶ϵĺƣһâ治ϵ˸ȥΪ졣
ɫЩѿĿ߱˵
С֣˷ѱôñʵǿᣬ˵壬ɾˡ
ڣǿ԰Ϣˡ
䣬â֡
Ľٶȳ֣֣ǰһӡ
ʱ䣬ӿ
˷꣬ΪԴԴϵ֮Уܱǡ
Ľ׼֮ʱɵһ֣ͣ䡣
ȻˣΪڰ
ԣϾ¶ϲɫ֪һ˧ˡ
һѪۣ欵Ůӣĳ˵С
ĽɿŮһۣлһĨ΢ɲɫû˵
ɱ¾鵺ıŮ˵
˵ͷ˿ڵϣڴϢš
þòƲҧҧ촽˵
ĽԾûпڡ
ų̲ס¶ֿЦҷ
һȤĿ
ֻһӣŹɡƲܵͺСеĿ֮⣬¶š
ԹɴߣһδĿĲֶΣֻϣʲôĽЦһ˵
ڵʵҵĶ֡Ʋ̾һ
ȻƲ͹޺һЩĪϵ
û뵽ôȥ㻹ûиı䡣
֪Ϊʲô뿪ɱ¾鵺ôΪ̫Сˡ
Ҫ۰ݣ½Ҫµˣȫҡ
ĽɫЩ˷ܡ
ʤݶͨ㣬֪йϵһɱҪһ޹ôƲüɬ˵
֪ұܣֻҪɱС¾Ͳ֪ˣֻʱ壬˺ġĽɺȻһЦ˵һתһۡ
ԣǿվչˣ̾˿ٴڵϣƲҪɱǣֿҲһ
һΣҲڰˡƲ΢΢ҡͷᶨ
Ȼˣϻ˵Ҽʶһ£ôȥ֮ʵǿ˶١ĽŮӡ
Ʋ˸ӣУ̧֡
޺󣬶ԲˣҲܿһٴ
ּ䣬һѪɫӣƮ
ĽڿնӣΧͬһŮһ㣬ϡ
û뵽ѾͻƵ컯
ĽһĿŶԷֳ̧ƣ͵һĵ档
ֻƾʵ̫ˡ
䣬£
ɲǣرѡ
һž޴ĽɵɢִƬѿڣһĨĨѪ
һ־޴¸ĽɷЦ
ҪսǱսʹ졣
ѪɫӣƬռ䣬һž޴£֮ƣ뻨֮С
زϹѣŤ˲両ĩվ

Ц쳹˷Ľɳ
ְɣҺڴ
ͳζ
Ʋû˵˫һӣӣӿ£ֱȥ
Ϊ˰ȫǻ뿪˴ɡ
ưΧ˵壬ƯڰС
ͷƴǷɿ뿪Ƭ
Ʋȥ˿
޺󣬿ຣģͷǰ
ǆ£ԹǿΪ㲻𣿡Ľɲм˵
Ȼ޻˵
Ʋҧҧ촽лһĨŭɫ
ӣ
Ʋ˫ַ¶ȡ
ӣɿ裬գۼ۳һʮɴСѪɫ޻ֱĽɳɱȥ
Ľһ̤һָ޹£·ɿת˰С
ÿתڷ硣
Ľɿ³һ֡
˲ɢһĿââ£˲仯Ϊʵʣɫʸһ㣬Ѫɫ޻̼ȥ


020 ûгҵʸ
䣡䣡䣡
ɫʸѪɫ޻ײ籩Ű񷡣
Ϣɨ˷ܵٶѡ
ӣ֮ƣ
ƲĮٴ쳹˷
Ѫɫ޻˲һֻѪɫƸֱֶĽɺȻ䡣
úݵŮӣҪְ
Ľɰһ˫̧ӡ
ֻ£ȻɿתӭѪɫơ
ٽѪƵɲǼ䣬屩ǣͬһɫУѪɫС
˿Ľɣɫ԰ףѪЦڡ
֮ʵ̫
Ʋû˵˫ӣƣѪâʳָһָ
еܵǣһ㣬Ȼ䣬Ʋָ۶ȥ
Ľɼ״ͫ΢ɫ˲Щѿ
ǿٿ֮ѵѾﵽ˰벽䣿
ĽüĿһߺ޵˵
̫޷սֻˡ
£ȻתԼٶȣһȫߡ
ܣЩˣƲܵĽɣ¶һĨЦ
֮Ѫɫָ񣬾Ө͸Ŀҫۡ
һѹһָɢѹ
һָ䣬
һѪɫֱĽ׷ɱȥ
ٶȼ죬֮޷˺ѿϢ䣬׷
ΣϮĽɵͺһ
ŮˣҪɱ𡣡
ͺУϺһɫַȫ
ڹУһɫſڣӭѪɫ
ѪɫɵĻֱĽɳȥһѣϡ

ĽӵѪɫҰףش
ƲҼסˡ
ҧҧŵȻһһĳڵϣɲǼ䣬ɫâ
Ľվڷм䣬һ
һģҵš
޺󣬸ͣ£ѵҪȥ𣬽봫֮Ὣ뵺ġƲ䣬гţĽɺ
ˣôǺڰ
ֻΣˣܳΪǿߡ
ĽɺƷ˷һ㣬Ц
ķɿ˸Ϊһڹ⣬Ľɵܣ񷣬ʧ
һйƽԭֻһƬưܻ߾
ƲĽӰʧ԰׵ϣ¶һĨЦתȥ
պɱ¾鵺˧ֱС´׼й¶˴¹ʣ;Ϊ˵ԭ򣬸Էؼ
شѱκ˲ڣΥȡʸ
α֮󣬶ʤݷһ£޺뿿ɽڵĳԹԽԽңɽڷǧɱֻҪܹɱ޺󣬲Եõһʷͣܽ뿿ɽڵ֮ۻϻԵ
һϢ˲䶯ʤݡ
ʦ̤׷ɱ޺·;ʵΣһϣʼѰ
ľ¥ڣƲڴߣ֣֪ڳ˼ʲô
ôȥûҵѾˣôصƣûɻȥһصƲ
ұսֻʹǰǣС֣ϧǸ꣬ܺߡƲ̾˿Ρ
ⲻܹ㣬Ҫֻܹãʤݵ˶
ǰ˼ϼһʩ˲Сѹ
ϸ룬ǺҲãҲЩ˵Уܾĥ
ִﻺ˸¥ο˼䡣
Ʋԣû˵ԶĬ
Сڣ˰
СᣬƲȻڡ
ָо겻һš
ɣɱ¾鵺֮أжǺޣǻǲҪЩˣӦһµɡִվŮ󣬿Ц˵
Ʋ΢㣬רעԶ
һƬһȾѪ꣬ڵϣ
ȫ˺ۣϢήңȥѾˡ
Զһֻɫϻ˹εοˮǰѪ꣬¶֮â
ǰƬ֮ȷѾûаɵȥ
ſڣ¶ʱһֻץסĲӣ˫۵ɴûвҽУûʹ࣬
ûгҵʸ񣡡
һ¡£껺ſ˫ڻһĨȻ
ҵԼУ
Ľվӣƣǰδйʹࡣ
ɫ԰ףϢ΢һ˫˫֮䣬·޾ǿգޱȡ
ĽɿΧһУް㾪ǰ֪ԼΣ
ǰĽɵʶʱ޺ʶƿ壬ĽɼΪŭ޺壬ƻĵزȫÿһλ˺ۡ
֪޺󵽵ʲôԷֻǸҪΪǿߣƬڻȥȻҹأɱ䡣
ĽɶƿȨʱ֪Լˣһֱڵ֮á
յʱ䣬Ϊͻ˼ޣһ֮Ѿ򿪣Ļָ˲٣Ծûȫԭ
ĽԻ˼壬廹̫Ķ˿ڻٴѿ̫ˡ
ŵϵĶʬ壬ҧҧץϻʬſڳŲҧȥ
Ѫźڡ
ŨŨѪζĽЩ˳
ŴѪǣĽܲסˣ͵˳ȥϵĻѪϵĺѾȥмֿɲ
һѪĽɻһĨɱķͷ
ȻȵĻѪͨ޵ѪҺһֿ񱩸оɱ
Ľ˫ͨ죬ҪɥʧǵʱһůӵﴦӿȫŰɱ¾֮⣬˲䱻ѹ
ĽһоޱҲһЩ
ããֺЦһ
Ųһȥ


021 С
ڵĽɣҪҵһȫĵط
ΪɢѪζʱޡ
֮ǰϻֻһͷһޣһλͲôˡ
ɭдС
ĽбֽвʱصҰ޵ĺУСľ赽˼㡣
ãǰһˮ̶
ˮ̶󣬱ˮƣΧ鲼
Ľɫһͣ½ŲתߣоһǿϢȻ޵ϢأܹռһޣҲǶǴڣڵ壬޷֮Կ
Ľȥ˲䣬ˮ̶浴㲨ƣһ׺ѹ̶ˮɢ
ˣ
Ľ˫üһ룬ȫߡ
䣡
ˮɽ˷
һӰˮ̶г˳ĽתһԷֱԼ
ٶȿľˣҪ赲ǲˡ
ӰԼǰͻȻͣĽɫף亹ʪǰ֮š
һСϸİɫˮߣסԼȣȥǡ
ĽɻëһǿҵĸоСһＫΪΣգһţӵʶ֮ĸӦ
һ˫С飬ĶĽɣĿӵһ̣һĨ׹СߵĽɸоԼ͵һͷĿѣĸоһ
һ̣С˳Ľɵȣ˼漴˫Ŀܵļ粿
ĽɻعСԼ棬һݡ
а㶯ȫ֪СߵҪʲôĬֱվš
˺һᣬĽᶯ˶Щľ壬粿С߲ް㷴ӦȷСһ޶⡣
Ľˮ̶ȥϥһʯϣĿתʼָƣʱǰȫġ
һ˿˿ůĽɵڲĸо֮ǰɽеһǿˣů࣬ƵĻָٶҲ졣
Լϣһööɫĺ֣ԱһŻɫ建תʲôֻǸоѾڣΪһ֡
ùĽſ˫ּϵСѾ֪ȥֻ¼ˮ֤֮ǰ
ĽҡͷЦѰҰȫ֮أָƣһ޵أС߶޶⡣
֮ǰСߵľٶĽЩ˼
ѵиС
ĽɰૣЩ벻ףҡҡͷ¹ؼҪʵ
Ľɻ˼ӣ漴ɿĶٶȽϱ֮ǰ˲٣оһ紵ͣӣš
ٶȷ˺ܶ࣬ǿȣҲ̫Զ
˫ֹˮĸоΧĲľϢɹС棬ʵ̶ˮȵһС
ĽɸоһЩЩԴڴȻȥٿأһ˿˿֮£ϵľۼһӿ˫֮С
Ȼ˫һĨâɿǰ
һ˲䣬ǰľ󲻶СԺƷŵӰһ㣬ĽЩһգգĿš
꣬дһ˺ѵʹ˲˫ۣѪ۽£˺ۡ
Ľɱ˫Цڡ
֮󣬲֮һŬ
ಣ
һ󼲷紵һ΢΢Ķļϡ
ĽɲȥҲ֪ǸղŵСߡ
С䶯壬β쵽Ľɵ˫ϣ˫Щˬ
βƿĽɵ۲ۣ˲ˣżϵСߣ΢Ц
СſСڣţķ˿һͷҵĳɢ䣬ĽɴΡ
˻˻
ɫС߷ϲãƤĽɿ
Цûн䱸ֻŨŨĿ֣Ѿܾûйָоˡ
ҾͽСװɡ
˺ļգҪһˡ
ɱ¾鵺Χɽȡ
һڣ۵ˣվ࣬λһɫ۵ӣɫƽƷŲˮ⡣
վǰһŮӣѪۣ欣ŮƲ
Ѿ˵ΣûǿɽҪҵˡƲӣ顣
ҪֻǹΪﲻǰ˹޺Ϣĵ˵
ҲӦȥʣϾʱǵڳƲһ˵
ԣɫһû˵
ǲҪΪɱ¾鵺ַ壬ܸʩѹƲЦڡ
㲻ҪᣬֻΪˣǽԹΪ뱾żԹңƴӻȥһʦۼʱ޺һһ𡣡ӳ˵
ǵ£֮ûУˡƲһâת˲š
֪㻹ǣҺҲǺѣҲΪ˰ģôȥ˷ǣౣء
£ӻȻ߳ڡ
Ʋˣź촽Ĭ
ˣɱ¾鵺Ĵȣкܶǿ߹
ǰ׼ɡ
ҹ߳ſڵʱһ仰
Ʋ⸴ӵĿĬȻͷ
޵ɭ룬һϥˮ̶֮ԣݿ㣬
̶ߣһһӰȻ꣬ٶȿ磬޷ֱ棬ֻһץӰ˲ϣϸһһɫСߡ
СףƤˡĽڣһֻĸСߡ
ѾСˡ
ʱڣĽÿ춼ڲͣΪʵΪֹԾɴƳڣǲ⡣
Сǵţſļϣһ


022 
ôʱΪʲôΪް㾫
ĽḧСף̾˿
԰գת̶ˮ峺̶ˮУӳԼݡ
ĽɿˮеԼü͸һĨͣ
Ϊʦһ֮·ֻҪӵмᶨһԳɹ
£¶ǳЦ¼Сߣʼ˿﷦ζ
ƾҪٶȣıǿȣӵ΢ʶ֮
Ϊ޺ԭһݾ˵һ֮ţ̤Ƴڡ
ΪҿȥȱˣΪȴӦǹ޺ƣѹҵĳɳٶȣ޷Խ
Ľ侲ķţܵļƻԹ޺
ʶͶӰѾһΣΣΪ˷ֹ;䣬µķֶΣҲãҿ޼ɵ
֪һֵܲܵסƿȨ
ĽɻХǵ飬΢΢һ䣬ļǵХɱһǿϢڱֱӳĴ֮С
˲оͷʹѣƬ̣ʶɢ֮ǰֻһ仰
Сӣ彻ˡ
ǹɿֲĽеΪһЩҲǲްֿЧ
֮Ĳ̫󣬾´ԤҲֻǶһˡ
ĽҡҡͷȥЩ˿ʼ
ʱ䣬Ľÿ춼ؼڣɾ塣
Ĺ̼Ϊоڣʧ˺ܶ࣬ĽɸȷһǽƵãжԹ޺Թ޸Ũ
ҹҹĽɸԶ˶౶Ŭ
ˮ̶棬̲С¶Դſ۾ĽɵĶлһĨڽСת˼Ȧƺڳ˼ʲô
ᣬ˾βнİڶ
ĽоһϢӽһΣɿ
СףҪҪˡ
εĿڣСһûа취
˻˻
Сٴγ̶ˮϣĽһкڼֵ⡣
Ľ̾˿ᣬ׼
СһԾֱĽɳ˹
ĽɻȻ̧ףʱ򣬶ʱסˡ
С׵ͻȻգ۹һʮɣɰϸľ޴ߺȻվĽɵǰɺӣҫ֮⡣
ĽסˣûмС׻ֻ֪Сܹ˵ƣ
һ˫۾СϵĽɣ˦βĽɹ
ÿ죡
Ľɫ΢䣬Ӧͱβʹȫ
ĽɲС׵Ҫʲôʶʹȫֿ
ôˣ̽Ҫɱң
Ľһ߳˼һѣԷԽԽӿ
ʮ֮Ȼ
ͰۼĽɾҪѳȥ˵Ц⣬β˲սΰס
䣡
һ̣С״Ľ͵̶ˮ֮С
ˮصԲ
Ľɸоһɱ䣬˷Ϯ֮ǰˮ̶ڣ̶ˮֻһᡣ
˿С״ɿ̶ȥΧ⣬
Խ£ˮѹԽĽɸоԼ壬ͿҪ˺ѣ
ڵͿҪľˣٲȥ
ѵҪù޺ʶ֮
УҲܵƿغв
Ľͷת˲񶨵ҡҡͷ
źԼദôõСףͻȻӺ̫ϳ
ˮʤ
ˮѹǴﵽһֲֿز
ĽѾֲ˶ãѾҪʮ֮ˡ
ƣڹ˸֡
СʮУžҪϢĽɣɫް仯
ĽȫʹЩδĲλٴѿѪ
һεεʺѪҺΧȾ̶ˮ
ĽɵʶԽԽ˻ɢо˿ؿںƿҪһ㣬ǰȻһڡ
Σʱ̣Լٶȣϳȥ
䣡
صɢȥԼѾһϤʯϡ
ĽɸоĻָһЩһſԼļ򣬾һ
Ľƣ˫Ŀ˹ȥ
ٴſ˫ʱһƬʣƽ
ʶԼѾ˺ܾãվӣȫָҲ֮ǰ˲٣ָоΪ
ĪСڰң
С׵ľٶĽ˼
꣬һɨСײ
Ľɻ˼壬ڴ˿̣һ紵ٴαһ޴βͲ˱̶ˮ֮С
ĽɽӦַ塢ٶȡԼ־Ե
ٶԽԽ죬󺣣ޱߡ
ڣµĲп֮£Ϊﵽڡ
һСΪĽɣ˵˼ı䣬վˮ̶Աߵüļᶨ֮ɫŨ
Ĭ̶ߣ˫ۡ
ಣ
һޱȵβͻޣֱĽϮ
Ľ֣͵ץסβݺݵһһɫ߳ǰ
Сֹͣ¶ֲãĽɿβͣͰҡһ䣬ٴαһСߣɿĳĽɣļ
ˮѹѾܰΪˣллСס
ûİ񻹲̤ڡ
ԭƾҪףҪԽԼܳܵļޣЩ߹ңȴˡ
ĽɿЦţҡҡͷ
ǣڵң֪βܴﵽޣֻҪʱ䣬̤ڣٶʵ̫ˡĽɵ
ϵСףƺܵĽɵ˼βĽɵĸ첲ʾ̶


023 ʬ
Сףлл㡣
Ѿʺˡ
̶Ѿܲѹˡ
Ļ̌С׵ӣЦڡ
С׻קĽɵĸ첲СῴĽɲȻԾӣӷɿ󣬾βץĽɣˮ̶
Ľ¶ЦСٴˮ
Ϥ¶ȣĽЩиš
Сˮпٵζ濴ȥˮ̶󣬵̶ȴǱж졣
ĽɿСףǰȥԽԽԶдо档
ãС״Ľһûĵط
Ľɿǰ£лһĨš
ǣ
ǰһɽɽʮεһ
ʬ
Ȼһ߸ʬһ˼ĸʬ
ܸʬ壬ͬһŤն˫ۣȴһɱ⡣
ƣ
СβƶĽɣǰȥԼȴȥ˼η塣
Ľƽһ飬Ÿʬȥ
֪ΪʲôԽǰˮѹԽ󣬵ͻΪĽ˵ȴǲް
ˣԾɸоһɿֲѹꡣ
ſѹҪԼ뱾Ϊ޹أһµȻơ
Ľɲ֪ݣҲ֪ΪʲôڲϵĽӽУǰĸʬԽ
Ľɿһǹƹ
һһĽ̤ˮУٽ˸ʬȫһ˸ŵİ׹⣬һѺɫǹβһβǹͷͬͷһۿȥǷ
ĽɳŸʬȭһݣԱء
ˡ
л£־Ҫȥǹ
Ľǹʱһǿĺƣɿȫһݡ
ʬһ£ɿݵԴ΢΢̧ĽɵĿ˶ӡ
һ˲䣬һڹӸʬ۾м
Ľɫ䣬д󾪣окһ
Χתѿһ޴ˮУ峹û
УĽʧȥ֪
ٴ˫۵ʱ򣬷ԼվһƬտ֮أǰһ䣬͡
ĽüĿһΧһУૡ
ڡ
ǧɣ޷Ϊǿߵġ
ڴ˿̣һϵĽɵĶУĳ˼
ĽɻȻתԶһλߣѵһڵϵ꣬Լʮ꣬ĽɿӣԺ˼ʶ
Ľɼ˹ȥǿʵ
ϲʲôط
߿һۣƸһ㡣
ĽüЩߵߣ֣ҪȴԼƾֱӴ͸ȥˡ
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Ȼ
ţ
ĽɵȺֱֳ飬캧ˡ
⡭ôܣѵֻһꡣ
ǧʮ꣬ҲһģҪ˷ʱˣɲʦǾ͹ͨ˵ΪʲôҪִš
һһ䣬̵߽ǰꡣ
ӵվɫףˣȴĥеļᶨ
үүһҪΪʦҲ߳ɽ磬Ȱˡ꿴ߣ̬ᶨ
Ľ¶ЦǰһУ֪׷ʲô飬ȴһ㣬ǾǱ˿
Լֳİĵطעǰ꣬Ľͫ͵һڳ֮ɫ
ò͸ʬЩƣѵҵ뵽磿
Ҫʲô
ĽĿǰһУд죬ƽ
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꿴үүȥıӰս˫ȭ㣬˵
үүһΪǿߡ
һԸϤĻĽɻԼ֮ź֮ܶ
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ռѣܾٶת䡣
ΣĽվһɽ£ǰһʯһп֣ڡ
ɽǰһ꣬ĬĹš
ˣƣ껩¡
ˮʪԾɹţһ
Ľҡҡͷߵǰ
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ĽɵĻҧ֡
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ҡҪڣҪʦڴЩ
һȥ˵ţһؿڣʮֱӽ߷˳ȥصײһŴϣ˵ϡ
ߣһҲڣǲ֪ߵغ񡣡겻м˵԰ת߻ɽС
ĽɿǰһУŨŨķŭΣŴŬվӣȥһ£ȴ
εˤվɽлһĨߺޣŭָʯ
һ죬һΪݺµǿߣ
ͺСȣ΢ȴĽɶС
Ȼתһһǰȥ
վԭصĽɣ˫ȭ
һ죬ĽҲҪ£
УһڳЦ
󣬻ٶת䣬ǰһƬ֮ء
ĽĿӰ˷ѰӰڣǰɳҵ
ϥ˫Ŀ΢գ
Ľɿľٶ֪
ǧյչΰʱһĻĽɵı
Ľתһһλɫ۵ӣվԼ󣬿еꡣ
ʦյ٣Ϊĺ껺ſ˫ӣһݡ
Ϊʦ㿪һ֮ţǿ־ᶨܹ֮·ļįѾΪˣԳЩҩڵΪҺ⡣
˵ֽ꣬˼䣬ӲŻȥ


024 ǿߣ
ʦҲɵαػҪƭҡ
㲻ΪС
ôĿģҲ֪һҪʲô顣
꿴ȥ̾˿̬ԳŨŨ⡣
ȴ֪Ѿҵ˿Ϊķүүʦĵ·ұʦ·˿֮ıƣĲΣѲġ
Ľɿǰ꣬ԼʵıĲԸ
ֶթӣĽֻпЦˡ
ǣ
ռѣٱ䡣
Ծ˲ı䣬Ľϰߣÿһ궼ɳһֱ
һΣͣһƬɫȻﻨСԺУ˼ɾһ㣬ĽɿǰľɫҲ̲ס¶һĨĿ⡣
꣬ûѾ꣬Ӷʮ꣬һѺɫĽͫһд󾪡
Ϊһ˺ǹˮ¸ʬŵȫһ
֣ĸźǹǰһ㣬
ѾҰ֮ãҵõһ̣Ҿͷԣڣ
ᶨĿ
ʦǧǣһҪץš
ڴ˿̣һͻأĻﴫ䣬¶ȡ
Ľת׿Χʮʦڶգۼ䣬㽫Χ
Ϊ׵һͷףɫһߡ
ǧϷȥ𷣣һ·ɫ˵
ʦ壬ҾųԸ㶯֣߰ɡ
ǲύģҲɱͬš
鵭Į£ͷкǹ
͵֪߱ڸġԣɫЩѿȵ
кδ
˱С֮ǰҵģǺҴӦС費ȥ𡣡
ȴǱ䱾ݣ˵˵⵽˭Ĵ
ص˷Ϯˡ
ԣŭȵ
Ȼˣϻ˵ְɡ
԰գһһǿƣںɨ
ǧ̾˿׿ǹһ䡣
С裬Ҫҡ
һ̣ĽɸоһƬѪ죬ǧһǹӳ
ĿǹâĽɲɵñ˫̶ۣ˲书򣬵ٴ۵ʱ
Ѫ죬Ⱦء
ĽûпԷٶȣʵѾﵽһּΪֲĲΡ
ǧĬǹڡ
һ㿴𣿡
ǧĿĽһۣĽɿŶԷĿ⣬һ
һۣ·͸һУޱȾ
ѵԿ𣿡
ǧջĿ⣬û˵гǹ֮ǰĻǶԼ˵ġ
һθı䣬ûκξĽվһƬɫռڣֲ巽
˰ӴʮҪΪǿߣ߳ɽ硣
ʮʧܣ͹ȣ֮ǰڣ˵ϸߡ
첻ˣʮʦΪʼ̤ǿ֮·ȴϱãЩȪ
ʮ꣬ƹȣŴȣΪŽ
ʮ꣬С裬Ϊź˭Ŵ䣬һ֮С䣬֮ǰ崫֮ҡ
ҵĴʹоһƬҰӴ˿ʼű׷ɱӡ

УɬĽɵԺС
ĽתѰԴȴǲ˿ջ
֮ãҲ룬̤½Ϊڴﵽһ߾磬ұΪԼ£Ӳֱһ죬
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վڲ죬Ҫ
ˣ͵Ļӳгǹǹâޱȴۣ޷ֱӡ
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ֻʣӵķŭʵ
ʧĽԭأã
ǧأȴֿЦʵЦ
һ֮·Ծ˳飬꣬޵ʲô

ߡεЦصĽɵĶߡ
Ľ˼ֱϧþǿߣ³˸е޾
ɢ֮־ڡ
Ҫ죬ҪԸ𡣡
ҵ־ҵĴС
ӵƺ£ĽɵС
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ĬãȻ̧ףΧĺڰ
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Ҳ뱻˼̤뱻ãΪ˻ţŬΪҲˡ
ˣֻԼУ䲢֮˵ǧ㻹ǿߡ
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ҲߵĴУţһ죬һ֤ǿߣ
Ľ˫У͸ŨŨļ֮ɫһ緶ƣڱ
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Ľɫ΢䣬ооϲŨŨľء
İɫϵ룬Ľɵ߱ɫסˣγһ޴ӡ


025 һһ
̶ףˮС
С׽ȥվڸʬǰһĽɡ
ȥȴҽӽ
һ׹ĽɵɢСҡҡ޴Դǰı仯Щ֪롣
׹ԽۣĽɵ壬ˮУתţ˫
Ű׹ԽԽŨʬʼЩģһʧеĺɫǹ˾𶯣һɫâڷйеıʹ
𶯹󣬷ƯĽɵߣһ
Сҡβͣźɫɵ
Ľһۣ䶯Ӵ뿪ˡ
ʱζÿС׶̶ף
ǣҲֻǿӲҽӽ
ĽԾƯˮУһ׹֣ûаѵס
ȥɱ¾鵺һɽУʮŮΧһʲô
Ҷӣµʱ䣬ɱȾҪʼˣ뿪һ֮ãûлҲ᲻˰ɡһòͨ꣬ԱߵһĮȻʵ
Ľ⣬һϵóĵھСӣһЩ˼µס
ӦòˣҲȥһȥҹأδزһ£ϾΣأʮֻңٰף֪ЩʲôʵͻԵȣҪˡҶĬһ۵ͷ˼ٰס
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δ˵̱꣬ҶĬˡ
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ڰɫԱߣƯһѺɫǹǹʱ˸ǿҵĺɫâ͸һɹŨŨɱϵ𵴳ˮƣ
ĽɸоȫޱһһΣÿһζʮоԼľһδε
ƶϲϲñˡ
Ӻͯꡢꡢ꣬һֱϣÿһεްź
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026 һǬһС
ʤ֮һƬɽУһɡ
ǿɽڣ˿̴ڣһӰڵϣ˵ʲô
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˷ǰȥǽˣţǻΪһëͷСӺԡ
ˣȥ׼ɣ˴ֻɹʧܡ
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վţ鲻һ˭ҲҳΪǵǰ̨棬ȻվһȺ۵ˣЩ˵м䣬վһλŮӡ
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027 һǬ
ƽ㣬Ȥˣ˶ˡ
С΢̣ƽˮ㲨е
ܿ죬ԶĵӰ˵С
ǰλߣһɫۣͷĿ࣬ݡ
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Ȼ󣬵ߵȴ
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еˣ֪뿪ɱ¾鵺ڼμӴȣ˵飬ġҶĬҡҡͷ
ʱ仯ľǻƷ߹꣬ɫʮѿ֮ǰĿƣʧ
ϼһʲôѵҪͱԣӣ
üͷ˵
ҹԣӣߡ
ԺûзСӵӰֱǰɱ룬˵ʲôҲҪҵˣ˵ˣҪˣҪʬ㱻븹УҲҪڳ
վһԵҹԣͷ
Ʋƽһϸ̨λ׷ԲԵ߹ʩ
Ʋλǰ֪λǰν£
ߣСڴ˵˴ˣϷΪԵΪͷСѾͷСӸҳߺ˵
ƲпЦһۣߵ˼Ρ
ǹʲô£ֻ뿴һĽɣЩҪ˵
̧ͷƲ̬
䲻δ֪Ʋص
ˡ
ˣɫ΢䣬һתһϡ
游ǻȥɡ
ԣû˵ԵĻ˵
˵Ϲʧˣ֪һˣ߰ɡ
룬˵
ˣͿεɱ԰ɣ磬Ҹط¡
˵꣬ߴž磬һλ
ߣҲ¡Щãһӣƺһ
ԣзЦ֮ɫŨ
᳡üУôʱ䣬·˴Σǣ˭Ҳұ¶㣬Ϊˣǲ
աˣλöȴ˭Ҳ˭˵
ʮ˵ָ£ӴȺֿˣǧСӡ
ִվڸ̨棬·ء
һС֮нÿСֻϳˣ油ʮˡ
£̨µٰɫһһɻһԵࡣ
ʲô˼
ÿСӣֻɳ˲μӱԣ;ˣ油˿̨Էһ˵
ְŶһҲƽСӲμӱԵģһֻʮˣ油˼һ룬սǾˡٰԣüͷЩܻӡ
ֻڴĶʵɣֻ˾ܴܶԷһ顣̾˿ε˵
ٰˣɫȻĬ
ˣҶˣôл˵
ǩУÿһֽһٳ
ִʾҰȵ
һâʮھ޴ȶ̨ţһĻۣӴʯֳ̨ɰٿ顣
ÿ򻮷֮󣬶׼ȷ¼
ڱԿʼ
ִ￴Ǽ¼ɣҲ£ֱȿʼ
ȶ̨ϵһȺ˿ٳ룬һ·ĵıȶء
ʮСӡ
ʮСӡ
ʮСӡ
һʮ
ʮ

ִܿ챨˵һֳսСƣһһӰϵķȶ̨
ֱһٸִ֮ͣ˵
ֵСӣǰ򣬱Կʼ
޴ȶ̨ϣ˸һٸ޴ĻÿĻڶʮˣŶվĿ
ҶĬ˱ȶ̨ԼҶԱ˵
ȻϴƣҲҪǵֶΣҲ֪Էĵƣ
ͷɫأĿ⾼ϸ۲ÿһս

ֺٶȼ졣
һĻʧ󻶺Ȳʺ;ɥ̾
һһĹĻɢȥʤߣаߡ
ֱһĻɢһŵ
ߣ˷ѱʱ䣬δΪһ
ٰԴͷȥͫ׶ʱһ
漫Ѫȣ֫أѪ죬źϴ
ֻһСӵгԱǻȾѪȻվ¶Ц
Ϊ֮ɫΪ֮ǰĻǴдġ
úݶˣٰ׽˫ȭ߷˵
ֻҪѶɱͲΥȹ򡣡ҶĬ˵
Ҫˣɱ¾鵺ѪȳǾˣСȻЩ֣ȴɱ򡣡̾Ϣһ
Ҳؽ˳״аɣѾˣΪʲôҪôٰ׽ҧŭǣ޲óȥѴʬΡ
ˣҪĵĶ֡
ҶĬһתĿٰһۣļ򣬸һȻĿ⡣
ǣùͷǡ
򲻹Ȼ˺ǰ㡣
ҶĬֿ̬ᶨ
ǣҲҪͬھٰĿҶĬиж֮£˾Ȼ
ҶĬ˵ͷ
Ѫζû̫˵ע⡣
ִü˰ѻԵ̧ƣȻ˵
һֻʤСӣѾ¼ڿʼеڶ֡
ֱȶ̫ȥ˵ҲҪ죬Ϲ㲻Ҫôðɡִﻹû˵꣬Щ̫ͷĺ
ִ۽һ£ŭ⣬ȴǲҷֻɶԷ˵ȥ


028 һǬս
ȷЩȴܿ콾ͨĲ𡣡
ǵȷûôʱ䣬˷
ӣɱȣҲе𣿡
˵ͷת׿Ʋʵ
ǰһֱԵģ֮ԸõϣԼĳǣǰñԿһĻҲûа취ֻ˷Щˡ˵ƲһЩˣǲԸ⶯
һתЦڡ
ӣһһǰģϷΪ߳һСΣͬƾͺãôн
Ϸˣֻ֪Խʵûôʱ䡣
ԣһΰɡ
Ʋԣü΢΢һ漴չڡ
ֿˣȻˣСŮӱǿһЩ
ĵ˵ͷԱߵƺһƺЩߣһΣ游ĹŹԸʮͷۡ
ƲһӣʾִĶߵＸ䡣
ҶĮ̆£ǵĶüڳ˼ʲô
ٰޱ飬ŭŸղŵĺСӡ
Ҫô𣿡ִɫ䣬۵һĨɫ
Ҳûа취ȻЩˣЧʺܿ졣Ʋͷż޿κΡ
ִԣĿһۣת̨ȥ
ˣڿʼȹģ֮ǰʤʧܵСȫЧڸĳս
£滩Ȼ
ִŨüʱһ
Ұ
Ȼֹ̨еŮĿ⾴ηĿ
սĹܼ򵥣ȥһСӣµСӿ㷢սʤվ̨ϣֱٸսΪֹԾÿʮˣϳˣ油ʮˣҪȶСӣԵһ̨ˣǱǩ
ִһ˵̨꣬´ƿ
һ̣һӰѾվ˿տıȶ̨档
ǡǣٰĿЩӰҧ˵
վڱȶ̨ϵˣ֮ǰֺݶ챯Ѫȳˡ
˿̣ȻվΪ׵һɫĽꡣ
һ̤һɰȻƴɢ֮ӣԾ˫
˭뱾һս
Ż쳹Բ
ƣ촩
η
ôĿȥٰȥҶĬһסˡ
Ҫ嶯ѾȥˡҶĬƽ˵
ҽʮһ֮ʵһɭͻȻӰ˽Ķ档
£ʶһ¼ȻһЦ綬
ˣ̲סüͷͬһʱ䣬ߴζĻ
ҵҲˣȤˡ
꣬س¾򵥣ҪȥһҶĬˡޱ˵
㻹ĵھСӵĳԱת׿Цڡ
һЦû˵
Ȼվ游Ķ˵˼䡣
ƺεĵ˵ͷߵƲԡ
ǰҿɷȥͶ˵仰
Ʋû˵ͷĬ
ˡСڿЦһ
һЦת̨ȥ
ִﲻľٶվڸ̨Ե˵
׼ʮϢʱ䣬ʮϢȥȶʼ
ȶ̨ϵСӣڶ۶Գֹһ֮˲䱬
ҶĬٰףСӿ첽ӭȥ
ֵǣþòһðɡЦſڡ
С㣬ܺõȥʵǰˡҶĬҡͷЦ
˿һŭٰףε̾˿
ҵģҪ̨ǱȶҶĬ˵
Ϊʲôٰһһʵ
ǿһ֪ˡתűȶ̨ڽСӣ̾˿
Уսһ
ʮСӣ״·磬ȶ̨ϣһɫӰشٶ֮죬˾̾
ÿ¶ʩչֶΣʽ͡
ʮһһϷ֮ɫСϷһɡ
ʵûȫʩչûв´ΪӦѾﵽƴԲֻѾżֻƾһ˵ʵȫСǰСȫ黤Ǽص콾ӮˣҲҪСĴۡ۲һᣬŴ侲ķ
ѵǶŬҪսôٰЩЩʡ

һ̾Ϣ֪˵Щʲô棬Ҳ޿κΡ
˼İɣǻؿǵġҶĬ˼˵
ҲܺһսҺź˵ͷֿ̬
磬֪ĵģҶ֪ôġٰҲٷŭ˵
ٰףԸǿ̫嶯Ҫһ£˼Сļ
ٰĵ˵ͷ
Ŀ˴һۺת߻ظ̨
һԣްˡ
ʤȻǼһû˺Էκһˣȴ˶Է衣
棬ͷһݡ
һ֮һСӣͬеֻǸͰˡ
ִ￴̨ϵļ㣬Ũüһܿſ꣬ȴòԽ
ʮСӻʤһپʮСսʧܣûȥսʮϢ̨֮ǳΪδʤߡ

жʱһƬž
վ̨ϣз紵ڷƮ裬ԣȥһһ㣬˴ﲻ
ʮСǰ̼ʵ
ڴ˿̣һȺ
һ˲䣬һٻӰ˲̨ϣȻʮŮ
ЩŮǳ£òƮȻףһΪŮ顣
㿴ŶһȺŮг˼ڽŨŨĻȡ
ִ֣Կʼ
˲Ϣ䣬ɱ˷


029 һǬģھСӳս
쳹
ύ棬սȻ
һΣҶĬϸĿżĶ
ĶԱȸղſ˺ܶ࣬ҶĬѲ׽Ӱ͵ĳڳһصļƣȻⳡԼĹΪ
佻Ķ飬ȻһʵŮռһڳһ󷨣Ϊ׵Ůվ룬ֵżʦÿһι
һν޹ʦֳΣɫĿ¶ŭ⣬ɭ䡣
ûʱˣȻҪٳȫ
䣬ü䱬һƬɫâһΣͬһ㣬˲һŮߣŮĿС
Ƴɽǿһֱն϶Էһֱۡ
СȽΪŮЩŭĴһ
漴ӰһǰȥԮͬʱһӰ赲ǰǼʦ黤
һȺŮӣҾһʲôǾ֪֮ƣʦϵѪ̺˼㡣
ΪСȽŮɫҰףԹȥ
̨һŮ̳ս
ʦӰڱȶ̨ϷɿţÿһԷһŮѪˣ̶Ƭ̹򣬵Ѫ߰ߣֶΣҲ̶á
񣬶ֻʣΪŮӿ֧ˡ
ҡҶԲңҺǡΪŮɫȻ̱˵ϣʣ¡
ִ￴ţ̾һ
ʮСʤʮСӰܣûϳսģ
˵꣬˰֣ʾ˵̧ȥΡ
ɶʵɶҶӣȥٰ˫ͨ죬
ʵ̫ǿᣬٶȣҲұ֤ܹܶԷҶĬɫƽ˵
սųһսˣǹ٣ٰ׷ߺ޵˵
ȭҧǵھСӣڳе˶ȥ˭Ҳȥ
ǲΪΪȴų򡣡ҶĬš
̤;Ϊʲô
Ҫһηηų򣬻һ˾Ӣۣ
仰ĸģҶĬһֱУǡ
ᱲʿֻΥģΣҪǰԺγΪǿߣҶˡҶĬૡ
лл㣬ס
ٰסࡢա飬ǡ
һֵǵھСӳսˣߣ
ҶĬͷͨѶкâһӴƣϯ̨
ǿߣҶĬлһĨ
ҶĮ̤̆·һƬ̾
ִ￴ϳĵھСӣ۵˼οϾµСӡ
ھСӣȷֻʮ˲ȷԿʼ
ҶĬˣִ﹧ĵ˵ͷ
ֻʮҲս泵սҲˡŵĴЦг֮ɫ
ԹʤӶ಻ʤǵǲ٣Сආٶ࣬ҲûаôҶĬɫĮ˫͸һ˿м
ôͼܼ򵥣Ϊ˼ŭ֣Ϊŭʧȥ侲Ӽʤ㡣
ԣɫһŭǣһԹĿҶĬ
֮ټסˣһһһ£ʲô
Ҷĳʱ㣡ҶĬִЦ
ɻش𣬺⡣
ľٶ׼˼ŭ
ȶδʼսѾȼ񷡣
ȻᣬһĿȫǣĸϲٰĿż㣬ݺݵ˵
ٰףҪУǵʵǿҪһʱԷĻԷܵԷ͵Ϯڼ㣬ңҶĬɫһһ䡣
ʮϢ׼ʱ䣬ʮϢ󣬱Կʼ
ʱվڸ̨ϵִ￴ȵ
ٰסࡢաϳµΪ油ǰܾѶǾͲҪϳˣءҶĬ˰š
Ҷ磬һˣһϳҪһսһͨķᶨ˵
ʮϢѵʼ
ҶĬ뿪˵Щʲôʱִֿ
ҶĬ˻֣ʾ뿪أȶ̨ϣÿˣ۶š
㿴ҶĬ˳ЦгϷ֮ɫ
˵ǵھСӳһĽɣǲڳϣҲ޷սЩźûⳡȶȤ
̶ţһ
֮ϻ̫࣬ȴ˵ɡҶĬ治ɫ˵
ﲻһֻϣ㲻֮䡣ϳЦŨ̬˼㡣
С𹷣ǿͣȻᶨҪڱѪ㻹ôкٰҧҧŭһ䡣
ɫ˲ȥɭȻ¶ȡ
԰գһâҫӰ磬ֱٰ׳ɱȥ
ҶĬһһΣɿӭȥ
˷׷׳֣黤ս˲䱬
ҶĬƽɫӰӳȭһȡ
֮ȭ
ȭͷ֮ϣɫƣŽɫӰ䡣
ҶҵͨȻ鴫ٶȵǲǲ֪ΡһЦ
һ̣һӲҶĬһȭ
䣡
ͨײ
һɿϯԲ
ҶĬεŵŵź˼ɫЩףֱ˺ѰʹĿһµļ㣬кâŨ
֮
Ӵƣɢγһɿֲɨ˷
ǿƵüŲˣһĨѪ
е˼̫Ϊ˻ر㣬һóȫСˡ
ȥѪĿȣȵ
֮ҿ
һɰ纣ƣȻƲ˲ѹҶĬֲ֮
С޵֮ǿѾǰ벽ˣĶΣˡ赭д˵ȤĿ̨±ȶ
ǲ棬ҶĬЩɣȻẦ˴ҵġ
üĿһųоƵı仯е֮Ũ


030 һǬ壩
ս仯ɱ𵴾
翴ųо棬üͷ˼
˵ʵЩ֣ʲôúԵľʵ
һؼ壬ȻȲʵۺ񣬵ҲСӣǼĹԪΪۣʱڻǿ
ǣͨżı׶ˣ֮˻ԽԽŰϲɱһ飬ԣֹҲΪ
سѾ˹ȻСҲš
΢̣˹˵
ˣĬȻͷ
ΣҶĬʵǵļ㣬ʱ˼ɫأૡ
ֻΪ޷ǿУΪѾԽƴԲѵѾǰ벽
˼УЦһӰɿɱ
˫ƺɱʽʽ
ҶĬӱʮԶɲǣȶ̨һ޴ѷ졣
ɱһһŸ˳ɱȥ
ҶĬۼ̴һ
࣬Сģ
ڷ಻Ӧؿһɾ޴Ϯ͵һѪӵԵ
ҺƴˣٰײȻŭӰһٳ㡣
δٽһ׳Ӱǰסȥ·
ٰ׿һ٣˲չ񹥻
ս㣬Щ黤̫Ѳˣ޷ȥ֧ԮҰŵ˵
ɫףһЦӿʼڣӰϴҶĬǿܹ׷ٶȣȴֵס
油һ꣬һȥͱһȭȥȻû̫ܵƣȥܾѶ
ҶĬɫҰףڴŴĵֵĹųԱԽԽ٣ŨŨɬ
ȻԼǿƹҲöԷ油ԼСӵ油ԱѾûˣȶ̨Уֻʣĸ˿ֿ
ͣ½ŲȥԼǵѪų
һô黤ҶĬǵһȻֻආආûˣ뱾
ҶĬĬվţĿû˵
ҪĥǣֱΪֹ˫ۣڻһĨڽ
Ƥƨٰŭһһȭǰ黤Լ˫һڵϴϢš
С֣ɱһΣٰǰȭ䡣
Ȼǰȥȴһֻס첲
游Ϊʲôȥüʵ
㶯ý֮ʵֻƺΪȥûа壬˳ЦüȻڡ
̾Ĭ
Σʱ̣һӰٰ׵ǰҶĬ
һȭȻؿڣһɼǵȭӡֶ
ҶĬҧûѪûвҽУȴݺݵĴɳȥ
˵ٰ׺˫ȵķŭ壬ֱȥ
䣡
һȭкޱȡ
ٰ׵زһֻصĲϡ
ҰףǰȥԮȴ黤ס

ҽУһԵİ鱻һȭɳȥѪԲѡ
ȶ̨ϣֻʣԼƴֿ
ǰкٷ㣬֮䡣վٰ׵ϣ̬
ھСӣû油֮ˣûУⳡȶʤ߾ǡ
ִ̾˿˵һ룬ȴϡ
ӣһˣ
źˣ
ͬʱһ信ĸС
һһǰǿƲɷ˵ǿ٣ؾš
ףһΪأȤˡСϣǹճһĨЦ⡣
ʱ㲻ûƲü壬ޱȸӡ
ĺãʡȥϷʱ䣬СӣҵġɽڵĹ곤ϣ˫۾˸
;羡Ծ֣ϤӰЩš
峤ֻ΢ЦĿţ֪Щʲô
˧ˣ
΢΢ףŸ̨һִƽǳǳ΢Ц
ĽɵĵһƬȻҶڵۡ
˿̨̣֮Ĺϵ˲΢
ҿȥôĽɿִЦڡ
ִﻺоЩ棬һΡ
̨Ҫ
ִƽ֪ǰľ棬ĽɴΪųѡ
ڱȶ̨ϣֻʣһŮԼǿУִΪĽɻ˻ԵҲûаʤ㡣
ĽɵͷһΣӰ˱ȶ̨ϡ
ǰĲҾĽЩ䣬󲿷ֵͬ鶼ڻ״ֻ̬ҶĬٰסջһЩʶ
Щص㣬صǿսֻаһˡ
ߵҶĬߣնѣ΢ʹ
㲻ġҶĬЦ˵
ҲǵھСӵһԱĽɺЦֽһԡ
Ϊϴε£˳Сӣ֪֪Щ˶㣬ĴʮΣաҶĬ˵ŨŨĵġ
ҶϢһᣬ齻ҡĽɵĵ˵ͷ
ٰױڽ£ĽһĨɱ⣬ĿŶԷ
ԭĽɣȥҲôСආٶҲı䲻κξ档㿴ĽɿЦ
Ц̶صʡ
ĽɿżЦݣлһĨڽ
Ǽ㣬Ϊ벽ʵǿҲĶ֡˵ҶĬ벻ʡ
ƿĽţĽƽ˵
µٰɫȻвѪȴް֮⡣
㲻ϵļӴĥ˴Ȥ
һȻҪ͸㡣
Цڣ漴ŵУҽţ͵߳
ǿʯٰ׵ԼٶȣĽɷȥ


031 һǬķϻ̫
ಣ
ŷɳ۶ٰףĽɽŲƶ֣һѽס
ͬʱɵıܿ˷ʯƮȻһǳɡ
ٰʹ֮£һ˺ۣŭż㡣
㣬ĺħҸƴˣ
ǿ˵壬ҪĽɵ֣ͶԷͬھ
ˣϢһᣬ˽ҡ
Ľɿشʧȥǵٰף˵
ٰ׿ãȻ彥ɳŨŨķߺޡ
Ľɽٰ׽ҶĬȻİͬ鶼͵ҶĬߡ
ô鷳һһڱٽ¡Щм˵
һϰɣһ˲ҵĶ֣ĽɰúöѣȻתŶԷ
ÿ
˾̾
ҶĬ˶ͫһЩš
С֣ôİɣٻ㳢һĸо
ɫˮŭЦ
ķϻ̫࣡ĽɵĮĿ˵
㿴ĽɣɭȻЦţ黤ѾɿΧ
쵰Υ油˶ˣ黤̫գ̫Ҫٰ׿Ųƽ黤վƿڴ
ٰף侲һ°ɡҶĬΣޱȽţ֪Ľӵнȴʩչ
Ľɿŷɱİ
̫
΢̧ǰ̤һһ˲䣬һǰ
һȭǿֱӰѶԷݺݻɳȥһˤ䣬ȶ̨һѺۡ
ٰ͵ĿţЩţΡΡ˵
ֻˣһȭ
ҶĬɫһȭֱӴһֲʵȫ
һ˭Ľ˵
Ӱϵڱȶֶ̨ȭƻ֮䣬ǿ߱ɫһһĻز
̶Ƭ̣Էֻʣ¼վ
ĻһĽޱĿż㣬̬ƽ֮
ߣԾɻᵹҵĽ¡
ɫ̬ɭȻǿ͸
ٿǰ벽Ϊʶһҵȫʵƿ֮
ͺɫ쳣
԰գһ˴ӼĽɢ˷ֱָ֣졣
˲𣬺Хѡ
СģǿжҶĬվĽɺ
Ľɫƽżľٶް㶯
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ųб仯ĶĽɣΪġ
Ŀ⣬ĽɵϣȫӼĶһ̣ǵֻĽɡ
˫ַ˿˿Ѫȴ޷ֹĺʤ֮ġ

Уϵٶȱǣһɹɽɫâҫۡ
ˣĽɣҶĬȻһ뽹
ּȫתš
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ĽһΣɵĶ㿪˹
䣡
â졣
׿Цʯɽ޼ɵ˵
֮Ĳ࣬蹵ԽٱػὫʬΣ
룡һƽ̳У߳һݵӰ
ɫһ漴Хһâ˸
ҪƴˡƲ˵
ôСΪ˵
ˣ㲻ôƲʵ
С¶΢Цû˵
УΪһŽӲӵĹ
ĽɣǱٵˣ³ֻ
ɫ԰ף˫졣
£͵׳й
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ֲܿĽɫĽͦˣɽ֡
㣬ûʸҪĽĳΪĺ
£һƣڱ
𾪵ĿУһץɫĽɵУΪ⣬ɢ
⡭ⲻܣ
ɴ˫ۣŨŨľ塣
ˣĽɿƽ˵
бԣͣ١
ĽɨһĿɿڴ岻ļ㣬̾˿
ߵ뱰΢
ԣһƬȻս˫ȭ
Ľɣһ죬һ㣬㳹ײڽ¡
ⳡԣ䣡
ͳĻвʣм㡣
˵ѾڱˣڣĽĳҪǺú̸̸Ľҡҡͷ̾ϢУȻ̧һʹУȴһڳǹȻӶǺǹɢͬϹһ㣬Ĥ֮⡣
Ľ̨̨ϵˣ
ûǧĴ֮ڵңӦֻһߡ
Ľɸпࡣ
һǰĽѹӴĴ֮ڵǿҲﵽһĵز
ϵֱӴ֮ĸĤһ嵽ڣʵĴǣʶԼΪѶȣҪóԽͨʮͻƾ硣
µʱ䣬ദһӣС׸֮󣬵һ飬뿪ɱ¾鵺ǰڡ
ҹأĽûӹ޺飬ѾﵽΪֻ˷ʱˡ
ҹأֻһ˻ĵطĽΪ˵͵˵ûаô
һһ̤ϸ̨СȻһЦ
ĽɿŮЩ⣬ֱҲ֪Էֻ֣֪ǶŮΪŮˣ̤ɱ¾鵺ڵĳɾ͡
˵һԵŮ͸ġ
ĽɿĿ⽻֯һͬʱЦˡ


032 Ц
þò㻹ðɡ
ǰΥδò
áĽɺЦͷ
ϵ΢ʦѣʶڣԼĿģʮֲ㷢Ǽ£ĽɵУԾɰѡ
ȣȣ
θɿϣüһ
Ǵ˱С𣿡
һ͸һӣһΡΡ
Ľ˿Ц
游ҲǺ˵ô²Һ˵ˡæڽ͡
ߡߣСӳˣӲˣүүˡԹһ䣬˿Цá
һͯĽȻᵽ˿̵顣
磬ʲô£˵ɡ˵
ʲô㡣ĿһĽɣ̾˿
֮ǰѾҽˣһȥһĽص
ԣüһ˼
ҪȥǸطҲұ֤һջ񡣡˫ü΢壬˵
ֻһ˿ϣҶȥ˵ʲôҲҪĨȥĽؿڣ̬ᶨ
ţȽǰ鷳ɣһᾡ㡣Ľɵļ򣬻ֿϿңްα
Ľɵ˵ͷƹ˹ǰ
¾ǿɽڵˡĽƽ
Ϸǿɽڵĳϣꡣ߻ȻĽɵĿŭ
ΪζŭĽƽʵ
ϻ͹޺ɱҵĵӣ˳Ϸرҧгݣŭǣƺʱ֡
ĽˣĮһЦü͸һĨڽ
Сǰƣ곹ŭˣвͣͻᶯ֡
СӣЦʲôͺһ
ĽĳЦһͷ
ֻһ䣬к֤˵ɱĵӣ
Ľɫƽްη塣
һƴӻĳϣ͹޺һ𡣡ֱ׳ĺȵ
ˣܴʲô
ǰһһӣʲôʵɱĵӡ
ֻһûߣѾɱˡ
Ľֱͦ壬ﲢް⡣
Сӣǿʶǰף㲻ɱģҲѲ˸ϵһؿɽڣ򴦷ɫǺ죬ʧ̬
ĽɿЦЦڽмֱ
꿴ĽɵЦݣ¶ŨŨжĺŨ
һڳϣȴ˵Ц˫ۣϸʲôĽЦݣ˵
䣬̧֣ǰ͵һץ˲˺ѳƬ
̫嶯ˣĽɣ𣿡ľٶɫ䡣
鲼ƬƮأĽϵĹɫģ¶ǰ
ǡɫ䣬Ȼǰ꣬˺Ȼ
ҲվĽɣͫһڳ𾪡
СĽɵüһſڣû˵ֻһ̾Ϣ
Ʋźɫģҧź촽ૡ
޺̫ˡ
εڼŭ⡣
꿴ǰ꣬˲ƿԣΪй޺µħơ
̨һƬţ˶Ĭˣиип
ķģ˸źɫâһɫ˿ĽɵһִĿ֮С
ħʽƣ벻ϹŽȻĴڣε˳еĳ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿĽɣȻ
ֻһܺߣһõĹߣһѡ
곤ϣ㻹кλҪ˵Сڣһ˿á
ߣ³Ϸϣӣ߰ɡһ֮ǰİԵƣʱʧ
ʦ壬ôȥǱǲýɡҹӿһ䡣
ε̾˿û˵
һ̣ҹĽɵǰ˵
ħʽ˼޺㻹
£ͻȻ֣Ľɵؿڡ
ҹӣҪʲôƲлһĨ⣬˵
Ľ˫üһĮĿŶԷս˲ý
ˣҹĳֻϸѡ
ҹȻһЦͣжת˼ٴͣ
СӣŲúͻᴫ£ԼСİɡ
ĽɺȻڡ
ôҹɫһ
Ľĳ󣬻԰ݷÿɽڣ͸½£ת棡ƽ𾪵
ãһתҹһ٣˵ͷЦһ
ĺ񣡡СĽɣ¶ŨŨૡ
ЩطҲǰ꣬̾Ϣ
ţǺŬС
һ콾磬ĽɵĿⶼأǶԴǿߵ
ߵĽߣЦ˵
ĽСӣпǾһˣõҪĶٺ١
οŻߵľٶЩõ˵
ϷĻˣǸˡ
˵꣬һӣץҲܶԷͬͬ⣬£Ӱʧ
Ӧúú̸̸ˡСߵĽɵǰЦڡ
ĽĬȻͷ
ᰳǣ츮¥ڡ
ĽɿǰŮŮ΢Ц
ûʱȥǼ顣
ĽɿڴƳĬ
ղŵĶԻĽдΡ
С֪Լȥ֮󣬾һͷ۵
Լȥڵʱ򣬰æչһСá
¶˵ֻ˳ΪֹѰ
ֻǵСίϣܴӦ
˵ˣڲ£ҵƼţɶˡ
Сڣ̧֣££ϵ˿
ҵСúܶ£޹Ǳˣһƽˡ
˵͸һĨ
ֻܴӦ㣬ڵǶʱ䣬ᾡտĽ˼ͷӦ
СȻЦˣǶĽɵĻش⡣


033 ˳ɳĲʱ䣬Ǿ
Ϣһգǰڡ
СЦĿĽɣڡ
ûбҪ˷ʱ䣬ɱ¾鵺ѾϢˣ߰ɡ
Ľҡҡͷֱӷľ
Сᶨ֮ɫŨûаԥĴӻͳһƣӸ
һɳǰȥڣκһӼƣȥš
˵꣬Сߵ£Զգ˼
Ľɽӹƣ̣ͨŮ㣬뻳Уת߳¥
ֱĽߺСջĿ⣬ૡ
ͬԸ񣬲֪ڵ㻹𣿡
£רעԶĬ˼
뿪츮Ľɣڳ޵ıϣǰɳޣ˸п
ʱ䣬ָһӼ䡣
һγݵʱ򣬷գĿ
ɳ޿ĽɣĿЩӡ
һڳϵʱ򣬲мֵӡ
ڵƽţɳ硣
òδ䣬ȴ͸һɲɣϢƾ̫顣
ʱ䣬˲١ɳĽɵǰ˵
˳ɳĲʱ䣬Ǿ
Ļ̌ͷһۣҡҡͷ̾˿
ҾǿߣԶ
ǿߣֻдﵽ侳ΪɾͲ֮겻𣬼԰գɳ޿Զ
ﵽǸ磬һ𾴡η壬ݺµľ硣
ĽԣԳһЦ
ǧ꣬ΪԶٱջǻΪһѳ
𣿡
ûС
ĽɫƽĿǰâһ
ǿ֮·ˣ޺󡢿ɽڣչΪҵ̤ʯΪǧٱһᳬԽǣԽ۷塣
һɰ纣ƣĽɵб־
һԵɳƺоĽɵӣЩãȻĿʱоǰ겻ʵǿԼһεƳԼ
޵ٶȼ죬ٶĽɵУţֵһᡣ
ھǻңԶɳûΪܣֻǸǿơ
ڰȥɫ
ѾһһҹĽԶյĳ˻䡣
үүĸףϦȵȺܶˣܾûȥݼүү͸ĸˡ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
ϦǲǻСسﾭӪҩ̡
ʯͷǲѾʼԵͽˡ
ѾԸΪһʦ̺;Ȫ֮µүүĸҲοˡ
뵽ĽɺӣһᣬǶ˵˼
ɳûȥĽɵı飬ĿԶɫ¶ء
ǰǴɳˣһǱٶȡ
ΪʲôҪٶȣĽɻعüЩ⡣
ǴɳصĹأ츮ҲҪأǰڵıؾ֮
ҪǣĶһЩҪļһ츮Ǻô
ԣڽǲð
ɳûſЦһһʮ˵
ȻˣǾͷһЩɡĽ͸Ȼһᣬͬ
ɳ޵˵ͷĳ޵ͷŻٶ·ȥ
ĽԶһƬɳأĳҰС
ɳһ߼ʡ
Уʱ̶ܿӣæŸ·
ЩĽɲް⣬ȻȽϻң˵ͻһЩҲԽࡣ
ڴɳأǾܲͣڵٶһֱɹȥԼһյʱ䣬Ǿ뿪Ƭ򡣡
;Ҫ޹һЩʳ˸պɱЩǲɶʲô
һЩҪ鷳Լɱ֮
ɳ޿Ľɣϸĵ˵
˵ʮϸǶ˽⡣
Ľɿ˵ͷʾͬ
ҪӺǣҪô죿
úĽ˵еĹǡ
ﵽɱ¾˺ˣֱɱǡɳ޳˼Сᣬ漴ҧҧݺ˵
Ľˣû˵ĬȻǰ
ѡĬǿɳ޶Щη壬ηĵطжôңһʵǿӦþ츮Ҫηֵԭ
׼˵˼ˡĽһĨЦ
ɳ⿴ĽɵЦݣһݣ
֮ǰĹĻЩˣﱾһƬңֻҪǼϹӦòʲô⡣
º͵⣬ɳء
ɳϿ裬һ޴ĺɫǳأĽɵǰ
Ͽһġֺ֣˫ơ
ڳſڵߣֱһŲѪܵʬ壬γһӾ
Ǵĳǣſڵŵʬ壬Υй涨˵³
ĳûгǳеİ
Ҳ츮ûгֵԭ֮һһ㣬شƫƧѹЩ˷ѣСģĴѹֻǰ׷ʱˣҲͷˡ
ɳ޳һ˵ķǳϸĽҲϸš
һĵطȴΪɱħͷãȤĽ
ȥſ߰ɴ¡

Ӵ䣬硣
ϣⲻ츮רﳰôֻλ˴ݹٰ
ʱһŨŨζĻĽǵĶС
Ľɫƽû˵ɳԻᴦ
츮ɳޣֻ·˵أû飬и㡣
ɳ֮ûаԥֱӴص
ϣ⻰˵ģѵ·ǻܲ˭û츮Ĵֵǣ˵ǲǰ
һʱһȺ󺺵ĴֿЦ


034 ߣɱ
ֻ·ͼǹȥ
ɳɫѹסŭ̬ƽ

ЦУһӰĽɵС
һòŮ˵ӣһŲҰ׵ϸüۺ촽Ͷһ֮С
˿һһĽ
߽ɨɳһۣĿһתԱߵĽϡ
Ľݵʱͫ͵һɫ䣬漴ָ
ˣǿԹȥˣ˵ûǣǧҪڱ£³Щϵһ
˵꣬һת߽˳ǡ
ɳ޿ޱӰƺһ߷˵
ҵҪǻЦãһ죬һĨȥ
Ľϵܣ߰ɡ
йϣת׶Ľɵ˵
ĽĬȻͷ˼Ÿղŵ顣
ǸӿҵĿ⣬ЩԾǲʶҲδ棬һ⡣
һˣĽиӽ
ᣬɳ޺Ľ߽˺ɫǳУ޳߿գӰ
ǽ֮һӰ˺󷽣Ŀǡ
һƬ־ǰһЩƴ
Ľɺɳ޽ںɳȥ˳ҪʳĽĬĬĸϸĳ˼֮ǰ⡣
ܵˣǵĵûа⣬¶̰Ŀ⡣
ÿİ˵Ƕɱ˶ᱦͷǿĽ֮ɫʱһᣬɫƽ꣬ͻɵ
ĽɢϢ޷ӵеģǿߵ֮һǿѹ
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ĽϵܣˣȻǾͼ·ɡ
ĽԵͷ뵽һؼֱӿʵ
ҵ飬ӿɽڴҪա
ҰɡɳûаԥĻش
֪ǸӣΪʲôˡĽ΢̣гȻһĨ⡣
ɳЩɻĿĽɣȻʲô
ˣ˷ʱˣǿ߰ɡ
üͷصʾɳ޲ġ
Ҫ֣Ǻ뿪䣬ĽһתĿǰȺ

һ˺ëЦٴδĽɺɳ޵ĶС
Ǹӳǵǰ󻹸һȺŸɷ󺺡
Ǻ⣿ɳɫһǰˣһ䡣
Ľħ޺ɱٿɽڵĵӣȻ֮󣬿ɽó´ͨ͹޺󡣡
صˣܲ
˵꣬˴ĿĽһۡ
˵˵ǴģɳŭӶԷһ
£Ͼͻᴫʤˣֻλ꣬ȥǸͶѡаŮĴ
˵롱ֵʱ˼أĴŭĿӣƺʱ֡
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֪ĸˣĽɵĮĿǣ¶Ц
ǹˣǴ󵱼ȥ͡ӿĽһۣм˵
ġᡢǴĳǿ
ɳ磬ĵĴ󵱼ʲôʵĽɿſԵı飬һԵɳ޵ʵ
Уڵ׵ĴڣǵĴ󵱼ֻ컯ΪˣҲǿеĴڣĴʼˣΪֵͬܣ໥֣ҲǲǵҪԭ򡣡ɳ޿ŶˣСص
Ľһ漴Ŀһתǰˡ
ͣǻûʸǴ󵱼Թ
ƽȻ˫
Сӣǲƾʵһֻ־ܽСɫ䣬е
󺺣Ц
ģΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ˣϲϷͷϷ
ǲ֪ڵʵĽҡҡͷЦڡ
Щ˽ңȥſڣѳ޴Ǿȫˡɳ̬ص˵
鷳߰ɡĽҡͷֱӷ񶨡
תһһ̤ǰС
ɳ΢㣬漴æ󣬽СĵעΧˣֻҪԷаٶͻȫ֡
ĽߵվλãԷһĿǣΪѾˡ
Ⱥд
Ȼ𾪵һĻˡ
ĽɿԷһֱۣӴ˹ȥ
Χ۵˶ʱ㶣׷
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Сӣҡ
ӶʱŭһֻδڣһָüĴоǰһڣʧȥʶ𵱳
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ĽĲȥָϵѪѪеʬ壬鲢ް仯ƻһҵˣֻһ΢С¡
ߣ³һ
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ǿ
ǿǿ޷š
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ʵ֪Ľʲôʱֵģֱ̫ˡ
ΧĴɫ԰ףæÿһ·
Ľɺɳ˾ĿУԶ
ߺһĿ⣬Ķǡ
úͦӰ뿪˴ĳǣڼ
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ڳޱϵɳޣĽ¡
ҲˣȻ£֮ǰ˵۵ˣɱ֮Ľ赭дĻص
ɳЩĻشԼһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
ˣʵ
ɳĽɣԽԽ͸ˡ


035 ˻䣬Ĳ
Ҫĥѡ
ĥѶ˵һ޵Ԩǿȴһɹ̤ʯ
ĽɿԼ֣滹ŵѪζãȻƺЩʶԼˣһɱˣȴûао
ĬãĽɵ˵
ǻ䣬Ĳ䡣
ڱ䣬粻ڱ𣿡
ɳԣЦͷ
ٵʱҺ֣ܿиĸ˻ųţֱɹҵõ
ұ͵츮ʼµΪұֵĺͻ͵ɱ¾鵺֪ʲôĥѡ
ǿ棬ûͬ飬ǶѣΣٵʱҲѡ㡣
ĽɿɳޣԷ鸡ֻ䣬Ρߺޣмֲ⡣
ɱ꣬һȥڳܲסѹҲĥѣΪһеߡ
˵ɳЦˣЦԳз
Ľˣкͬ飬ɳȣԼ̫ࡣ
ҶĬٰסǣСûıƣûбһϣɳ˶ˡ
ɳĽԼľһֱ˵˶֮󱻶ãΪСս֮
ʹСҺܺãнճɾͣǸģ֪Լһֹڴˣ֪ˡ
øж֪ˣ㲻ΪǿߣҲһҸ
Ľɿɳޣû˵Щʱһ߸Ϊʡ
һԣٴΰߵһĨ
̣껪һû䣬Ҳ֮޺ˡ
ȻĸĻһ̤֮·
ĸҶĻˣǣڱ䣬Ҳڱ䣬ΪӦ仯磬ұҪһƬԼء
ĽɿԶգǳǳһЦ
ɳĿһ͵һ𣬷ǰδһĻ
һ죬̤꣬񷣬Ӳ¡
з紵
ڷƮԡ
Ľɿһ޼ʵɳأ˼
뿪ĳѾˣû߳ƬããɳأɳЩ⣬ַٶȣӦôﵽһǳˡ
ĽĬĬţڣû˵ÿ춼Ŭ
ˣлЩơ
ôùȥû߳ƬɳأĽ˲͡
ڳ޲ܳڷУ;ϢΣιһЩʳһЩʱ䣬ڵٶȣĽɽѾϰߡ
յĲƻΨһܹӿΪķĨȥϵħʽơ
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ǳˣǿ߳Ƭطˣ
Ľԣӳ˼ѹԶȷһģСӰ
ڳǣֻҪյʱܴﵽˣʱǾҪֱˣĽϵܱˡɳ޳˿˵
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ӽڳǵѾɼ
һģĳǳأᰳСһЩ
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Ľ񣬿Լұۣ׼
޺ɵԽڳǣų򣬼ǰС
ǴﵽڣҪ೤ʱ䡣Ľɿʵ
ڵٶȣ컹ʱɳȻص
Ľɵ˵ͷĿӰ˷۲춯
߿Уţãûа׵Ļζһ£һ̶С
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һѰɫķɵޣһּΪֲٶȣƽɳ޵ؿڡ
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Σʱ̣Ľɳ磬һץסɳޣǿĳϮһŲû˺֡
Ȼ㲻ȥóȥɡĽɫһ˵
ɳɫ԰ףͷ亹æָӳ޷ɿ콵䡣
ղĽɳ֣Ҫ÷ǵ³
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Ľϵܣ㱣أӦǧҪ¡ɳҧҧһѾ
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ٴγֵʱѾɱ¾鵺ħʽƣʵǣ̤ڣɱȣһǬһ
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ߣھȥҺȾƣҾ͸СЬԣô졣
˵꣬һЦæת߳󣬺ʲôϲһ㡣
Σ

Ľ̾˿һ˼ڵΪͷָۣʦ壬һֵĵط
ߺ󣬴ڵˣ鼮ʱҲмĿϣԵСֹʲô
ĽɲȥЩ飬ǰһڣһӴܣ鼮Ǵﵽˣĵز
ĽɿЩܣ̲סüӵһܿʼɨһһһһΣйؽƷĵ伮һķ
ﵽΪҲڲϵӣϿĿ鼮ٶȼ졣
ˣһĺ鼮̫ˣ滹ж㡢㡣
ˣҪȥֻѡ
һʾųԼıֻʸ
ڶǿл󷨣ǿʵ롣
һ㣬Ľû̫ȥǣΪ˿һ㷭Ÿйؽ鼮ٶȣҲֻǷ˰ٷ֮һ
ȥУһ鼮˷ôʱ䣬㣬˵ҲҪ߰꣬ôãܵȣ޺󲻻ᡣ뵽ĽпЦ
ΧˣĽɵٿ飬˾档
ΪģۻĿ鷽ǶûгԹ
ΪֻĿܿ⣬ֻ˷ʱ䣬̣鼮ˡ
ƻ轫
ڵ˽ɢȥˣΨĽɻڷţѰš
ܿ죬֣ڴˡ
һˣͣķһ鼮ٶȿľˣ֪ʲô
Ľɵܣ鼮ѻɽ
Щ鼮һ⣬Ǻͽйصģ󲿷ֶǻûᵽϹŽϢĽЩơ
һ鼮Ѿʮ֮һңһ͡
Ѿˣڵƻͨͬ硣
յĴУֻʣĽһˣϵǸֱҲûлԸԳȵˡ
ĽɲںЩֻҵԼҪĶйħʽƵ鼮
򿪵ڶ֮ڼƣ˼ĵֿ廹ڿʱ廹ڲͣĻָ֮С
ڷһ鼮ʱĽһҵ˼ħƵ䡣
ħʽƣϹŽ˽ӡ֮ϡ
ʩչΪѣڣѾʧ
ȼ䣬ĽЩƣô鼮ҵôһ
鼮Ľվૡ
йؽ鼮ǲ٣ǶֻƤëŮ֪ϴħʽơ
Ůһ֮֮ϣڵĶһȻûиңһԭ򡣡
ǰ㣬涨ȻûҪĶҡұˣˡ
ͷͨĽкâһһΣֱӳ˶㡣
ϱһ˺ܶ࣬鼮ȴһҪ١
һۣ֮ϡ
Ľɴݵܼ䴩ţһԶĹ飬
ͨһ꣬ѧʮ꣬꣬Сɡ
ſƪܣĽء
Ҫʮ꣬ա
мޣ߼˵Ҫǧꡣ
ϹŽԼһЩؽƣǽͨ޳ɵġ
޺ϣʩչϹħͨѵڽѾﵽ۷壿
ˣҪôƣѲҲҪǧ
Ľɽ˫ȭߺ޵˵漴˼
лһĨȻ
о츳Ҳ޷ڶʱ޳ɣֻһ취˰ȥ
ĽɷеĹ飬ʼѰϹʿԽĵᣬһЩȻϣãҲҪԡ
һҹԣ峿
Ľ麣֮УͷѾԼҪȥе飬ûҲȥ
Լʱޣһ̲˷ѡ
ߵһڡ
һȺӣÿӶƲĿ⹧ĿǰһλׯŮӡ
ʦ壬ҡҳٵˡ
ʱһͷ󺹵˽
Ůӻ˻֣ʾ£漴̨һɨ
Ϊʲôܸоһأ
̨ڵԣ˿ڣǵģǺ£̨ϵŮ˶˵ֱһħǱȶħҪµ
СңĵӽʲôЩą̃ϵϣָܷܷû档
ʦ壬ʦ˵ˣĽɡһĽСһͷƮݳŮվص
ĽɣΪʲô֣һЩϤء
̵ૣһô棬һЦӯӯ˵
˭֪ûε꣬ģ
ڵˣ˭Ҳ˵
֪Ͳ˵³һˡһ΢
ڵɫ䣬꣬һСܵ͵̨´
󿴼һˣӦþǡ
˵һ룬̧һӣȻɫˮ
ҲҵΣԭ£ڣǸһȥ󡣡
ڵӽУŮһѾſڡ
˭ҲȥԸ
ԣһݣæ˳ȥ


041 ҰŮ
Һʲô顣
ڣڿеĽɣüһ
Ƭ̣ҡҡͷй飬˼
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһ¥ڡ
һòŮվڴߣķ򣬵
Сӣ̣Ǻصİ
ǺǣҪȤˣְɣڻмֻ֡
˵꣬ŮһڣһĳУϸϸƷζ
ʮ˴Ӵ˳ƺƵ˷
ڵųˣһͷŮӣ˭ҲаЩ˻ں棬ſϷ
ϿεĴʦˣȻں棬ԽԽࡣ
־飬һֱܲˬһѵȴȥһķ˯
ֵѣó½з֮Ũ
Ȼ̳˳ȥƿڴԷһ١
һŭ𣬵¶һģԼһʿ
⡭Ҫ
ǰƵȺ־Щɵۣδ
ʦŵʾô
־ҡҡͷЩ̫ףܵȺǰ棬ʱ
Ҫʲôվס
ȺͣΨǰŮӼǰС
Ůӵò־ЩΣСֹһ䡣
ģ˭
ڲǰһСҲҵ²ðˡ
ȻЩƣ治ɫʵ
ʦãڿʱ䣬ôӣҪȥİ
Ϊʦôá
ٸ҆£ûմ㣬Ҫȥҵĵӡ̿˵
ĵӣ
ĵӲô㻹Ҫ˭
ңˣҲôôһȥɡ
־ԣ˫üһ˵
΢˫ۣ¶ЦݣЦ־оʶ˺һǰŮӣЩɵġ
ʦ֣½ڣ㻹ǹ˶£컹һĵӷָң̶һյʱ䣬ȫ𣿡Цһ
ǰЦеŮӣ־ɫ΢䣬ͷڳһ亹
췢飬Լȷһ꣬ȥ˴㡣
뵽־ͷƤ飬ֹš
ѽȥСһͿΣ̵Ρ
һСǼˣ˭ûкùӳ԰
򾲣һҪ򾲣
־תɫ˵
ʦãʵ¹ңǸε׼ȷʱˡ
Ĳ£ʦô˴ͲҪƽˣˣҶɢ˰ɡ
ʦףʦΪʦҪһʦ󡣡
Ҷģһǵĵӡ
İɣһҵġ
ੲ˵˺þã˵꣬װģҪȥѰҡ
־ıȥĴȥ֪ģͷġ
һ̬綬
ȥҵҪҿε꣬ʲôģ
־һĭǰŮӾҪ˲䲻˵
ңһҲңѾˡ
Ҷˣһˣһˡ
ǣҰŮӣҲûơ
ֹţȻ˵ĻЩȻ

ĸ꣬£ƭü̳ʮĺþơ
£־ĺòʹ
һλҰŮҪȥ󣬳½˴ϲ
ҰŮȥһһðҳ
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ÿ
־ǸȻһЦŲƣÿ·
ȻˣʦһȥɣϾʦҲдǰɡ
ڳ־Ć£ϰߣ˿û˵ƺһǰС
־ں棬ڲӡ
һһſ棬ŶСƭ˳־һپƳԣԽ
С°ȫꡣ
ţСһƭƵļƻ
ڴ˿̣һװŵ
꣬ҳ
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ﰡĸҪļһС̰
εʱ䣬ô
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̾ϢУ첽߳ţľ󣬲㾪°͡
һȥɽ˺
꿴ŮӣǿһĨºЦݣӭǰȥ
ⲻʦôôпﰡ
԰գĿһתɿ͵Цĳ־˲͹ȡ
ڣûˣʵ
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˵꣬һ۶ĳ־ﰵһ
С£̫ˣҲƭ˵ƺȣ㾹ȻŮ̫ˡ
˼ˣһҪ㣬쵰ˡ
һ٣ȴǲ԰ŭ⣬һֱºЦݿ̡
Ҫȥһޱ飬лһĨȻ
䣬
ʦܽȥǰֹ
û˵ߵ
ʦòҪᣬΪֲ˼㿴ôˣȫȥضὫһ㣬㿴ܲһ˽ȥæĽš
ԣһʾȺԼ߽һ
һ룬ɨһ۴յûаӰ
ʦãΪ˵ûɣʱôءں棬ŵЦ
ûҵȻߣҲôţæȥɡ̳˵
Цŵͷϳ֮ɫ
ľٶŮ֪ˣ᲻
ʱ־˹ֻĿߣ˵
ʦܣ⵽ô£Ҫ𣿡
һۣҧҧС˵


042 αغο
ģɲҪԩˣ
ô飬ԼҲѲ˹ϵ
Ǹ꣬ˣ̫ˡ
־ЦڣһⶼƵĽɵϡ
귭˷ۣ׼϶̣˽
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ģһ졣
ѵܵˣ
ɫ˲䣬־ȥһ¶ȴ͵Ц
ʦ֣㻹ʲô˵ǧҪߣԼڵϵģ̿ߣ΢̣͸ּڽ
ƿԣͷϲˮֻ֮ŻζƵζˣûϸ飬ڶǷˣ֪
˵ˣʱ䣬ôеǲοΥŹģѵԷԴ¿ˡ
벻ףɫ粻
־ĬվһԣɫĿлкȲʡдЦ飬Ա
ģû뵽Ҳн찡ң⵽Ӧ˰ɡ
ȥ֮ú̸̸ʦ֡̿ߣζһЦ
㡣
̱Ӱ߽ɫòѿĿһתڳ־ϣ
ʦܣ½ڣһҪΪһΡ
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ʦ֣Ҫô˵Ӱ಻ãö濴أΪһ𾴵ִ£Ҫӡ󣬲ȻγΪҵȰ
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Ļɫ콻ӣֱͦţʮ졣
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ΪڵӣȻħɱ
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ħʽƣῪ
һǿϢ˲
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ⷬⰡ
Ľɿ֮ΪѾԽԲʤҪǰˣɨء
Ұ椰ħʽƣֲǽۣôܿ컯ڵΪҪ֣ǾĽడ
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ģԴż˰ɣô飬Ůô᲻֪ڻûһģǻǲҪûȤˡ־¶Σ˼Գ
ѲĿǰˣǵϲȥֹüչ˵
־ԣ˲ûƢ֪òǰֹ
ԥ֮ʣĽɺѾʼˡ
Ľޱ飬ĿĮĿŮӲ˸Ӱ
ϹʿµļԦ֮ȻǿʱȬʵҲ˱ǣǣôķЧʵЩֲ
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ڷйؽƴʦĵʱһȻ˶ĽɲΪ˱һЩҪ鷳ԣĿ鼮
һżȻڶһܵĽ䣬һƾɲĹ飬沼ҳԱȣЩ롣
Ҫ鶪һߣһҹ紵¶֣ӡ
Ľ΢΢һ㶣ַһҳһƬҳĲȥҳ¶һŹּ
֮ͨ࣬Ϊãӡ
ǿƪĽɼ󷭿
ÿһֽƣһģҲ֮Ϸоͨʮ꣬ΪӵҪơ
ĽɿüĿһϸ¿ȥ
ƣʩڻ˻½ƣȫ۶ɡ
һɹγɽƣӱս
Ϸǧ֮ãһ߷ջǳܲס֮Ӷ߽⡣
Ľɿӿһɺ⣬еϹʿɵǧһ߷ʧܸգԼܻá
ת֮Ϊãżķգƺ㡣
ʹùΪҪܳʱ䷽ָܻ
ʹƣͬȪ


043 Ľĳξ
鲻Ǻֻܺȼҳ
صĶȴ
Ľ벻ףΪʲôôĵ伮ڹط
ȻǰڷܵС䣬ǣϸѰһܹõġ
ĺҳԿⱾѾܾû˷ˡ
ĽвûҵĨȥƵķȴμԦ֮ӡڵ˵ʮҪٱʲô֪ĺá
һҹʱ䣬ϵչϵĽ⣬Ѱڽƺڡ
ʵĽ֪ģԼԱߵһ䡣
Ｔ֮Ҳ޷ϵ̽ȥҲֻģĸӦĴڡ
ԽƺΪӦȫѪеĽƣĿô
Ľɰૣϥڵϣ˫ӦΧ
ܿ죬һҹȥĽɻ״̬
峿ʱһü΢ſ˫ڳһƬտȻ⣬мڵľϲ
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֮ǰսĽɲ޺
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044 ·
ػ赴޹⡣
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ܹҶȫʵڱһУŽǰҾʶһ컯֮Ĳһ޷Խĺ蹵
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ߣ־ɫһ죬֮ºݺݵһۣ漴һתĶĽɡ
ĽɫһصĿˮ۶ɵˮвް㾪ţ;оͼʶǸŮӣ֮ٴμȻ𾪡
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̿žĬվŵĽɣлһĨһ
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ʦ԰Ҽǵϴ۳СȸͲС˿۱ʺӣһ֮ɫ
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ĽɿԽԽˮ¶ǳЦұһƬ⻷ƣƺֳ֣ȭպ
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һֻʮɴСɫ⻷Ƶȭͷ˲䣬Ȼײˮϡ
ˮӴһһУˮβϲɢ
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˵ݺݵĵһۣó־ò˿ڡ
־ƺһȻ˵ˣﲻֹͣš
Ϲܵġ
ڱǰɪҰ椱ʱһѩϼ˪㡣



045 ħ
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֮һ˳־

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046 
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047 һϢһϢ
ôĽƣϧˡ
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ڵÿαȶҲǵڶΣԴ֮ڶסʧȥһЩϽСɨǴ


048 ɥʧΪ
ŮԴ֮ĽСʲôϵ
ǰΪɢֻһ鷲ˣʱ䣬컯
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ʲô˼Ľüʵ
ڣֱڣ̫һţǺӵһ춼Ĵÿʮͻһʢȶһŵλã̶øԴ
һ죬ڻõڶһ̫һڸˣαȶΪҪڶ˲콾֮ӣڻӣڵӽ󡣡
ӵн֮ΪƣԣӦ֪Ϊʲôˡ
Ů̾˿豭ûкȣֻĻζ˼¡
ڵ˿أûôߵ츳ӵн֮Ҳ޷ԦĽɿǰŮӣ侲˵
ѡţͲȥƽϵʧֻҪܾ͹ˡŮЦһֿϿҡ
ĽԣĬ
ˣúϢɣβҪٵ̿Ǻܲǰ
˵꣬ĽһЦ漴߳䡣
ĽɿЦҡͷ˼һ
Ȼűˣöٴδ


049 
ˣԵʱһֱӶ
Ұڴˣ˵ôдɡ
Ǻǣ˼
Ů£ٴιرգĽǿЦŨ
æܵ£ŵĺɫǹ˿
û뵽ϹŵһɱȻ˶ڴ׽䣬һּݺһͷȴǸ䵽زĽૡ
ˣ
ͻȻһâĽüĿһæгǹ
֪Сܵ˴裬ɱҲȥŭ𡣡
һȻԵͻȻ쳹Ժ֮С
ôͲ±¶Լôô죬ѵڵɱйô
ĽĿɢźâ
һ˲䣬оԺһͷʹѣѪ˫£ʶģҪ
ʹֻ˲䣬ʧˣĽصĴŴĿ˵
ɱҰôɱˣҲһˣøܵ裬ȫѰס㣬Ҳ㡣
һȴ³ǧȻȫľǰ׷
ҴӦǧ׷һһССʦһһ۷塣
ǿǿһҵһȻҽ㣬Ҿͻ棬ҲΪǣֻһ¡
ԵŭĽɵԺкȻ
ֻ޷ɡĽƽĿҡҡͷ
ܲɣҲֻ֪Ҫһŵϣͻ˾Խ۷Σһȫ㣬벻ɣ޻ڡ
ֿϿңްα
ĽɿǰǧŲһ
˿һ˲ȫ
Ľ˲ָֻΪѾˣֻһˡ
˵ɫâʧĽɻ˹ȥ˵
лл㣬һᾡ
԰գ˿ڵİ裬漴˳ȥ
߳ӣһϤĻӣվǰĽ֡
ٺ٣С˧磬㻹ǵ췢ô
ʦ壬ˣʶˡĽɹĻص
ǾͺãŮ˵˵ˣҴȥ̣ô˵ĴʦβҪȥˡ
־˿һ˧ƣͬʱа⡣
ѽȥˣСʲôˣҪķŰһƾ͸ſˣǶ˶ˡ
ֻһͨˣ޷ֿ˵ˡĽɿЦڡ
СӣҪ£׿ȺָΪ£ڿǱڵķʹʦսǰ󰡡
Ľû˵ĬĬĿ
־ĬٸЩȤֱȥ
ţĽͻȻͣ½Ų־ЩɻĿҪѯʡ
ʦ壬һȥɣ컹ЩҪŮ˵ˣҿȥĽͷһת˵˸ѡ
ȻˣǾˣҪǵȥǧҪٵҰ椺ҪСһ㣬۱ǻСء־ʼ磬̬ЩΡ
ĽɺЦͷ־ವһʧԭأҲҴȥҲҴҰ
ڿʼĽɿΧһУ¶ġ
ǰΰĽ¶ǸȻ
ʦ壬Բˣзʽʺҡ
ҵĿҪʼˣҪˡ
£ԳһЦתһȥ
һ磬ڴһŮӵŭ
Ľɣץ㣬ȻҲϿΣ
񱩵쳹һëȻ
˿̵ĽɣվһְɽϣԶڡ
ķĿôϾѾʧܾˡĽתӣڴʯɽʵ
⣬ϹŴʵģ֮ǰͬ˺ܶ࣬ΪʧȫΪᶨԺС
ɱԼԪΪΪ̫ݶ
ǣ˵ȴѡ񡣡
Ůṩķ̫ⲻʺҡ
Ľգ
ƽƽϱͨ˻һЩûŮ˵ô츳ȺЩοĻֻ˵ȥҲߡ
ĽɻȻг˼ᶨŨŨľȻ
ӦǿΪΪūֻǿӵиıʵĶҪɰԵ
Ҫô
Ľɫأɨһǰ֣˺档
źɽôӦģ˴ȷһصĵط
Ϲʮ㵱㱻˴𣬵ǣָ֮ãΪҲﵽʦν컯Ρ
뵽ȴϼѣ컯ֳܷ֮ǧʶӦ˷һдڣʵǿҪ¶ױԷ
ҲǳλŮ˯ʱС̽鵽ġ
˵
ʲôǱԴ֮Ľʳв⡣
֮ǰƣʩչħͨʱ岻ܿƣʶѣԣǵõʱһ顣
Դ֮ʦӵбԴ֮ʦ̤ǿż
ʦʲôĽţ̶˼
ǲڿԽӴģֻдﵽ侳ܳӴԴ֮仰˵ӦԴ֮޷̤䣬һЩ쵤ҩǿΪҲֻеߣ컯û𡣡ϸ˵
֮ܲΪáĽɴӳ˼лعԼ
ֻҪţֻҪŬûģ˸кѣοһħƣкεġЩͷ˵
Ľԣ𺳣ˣ飬Ҳô


050 ȻһƷϲ
Ľûм׷ȥѾ֪ԼҪʲô
µĿʼˣ̤֮·
ɱ˽졣
˺ڣÿ춼Ҫ޾ʹ࣬Ҳڲϼ١
ڶʱͻΪֻʮɻ
ûд˵е֮ͻ֮ҲһԪ
ܴﵽ׹磬ܽ״ķá
ܸ˼䣬˵ЩʱʵҲһ˿ģ֮ã̫ǿ;䣬еһ޷ﵽ컯е޷Դֹ֮䣬̤벻׹ε֮١
ǧΪﵽˣм䲻֪Σɱ˶ٵˣ˶ҩ֮·Σأϣܹﵽ۷˼١
Ľ΢΢ͷΨһĵ·ֻǰû
һһ֮ȻʩչͨԪӿ쿪һ֮ŵٶȣܽϸ˵
˵꣬ʧԭء
Ľɿʧûо棬ܸоķĳŶԷڵλȥ
ɽߣȴܴλ
λŮס¥ĺ棬ԶҪڵķΧ
ɽ˻أҪˡ
Ľɸ󣬲ϵ룬ԽȥľԽԽܣֱһƬɭ֡
֦ҶïʢҫһƬ
żһĨ⣬͸֦Ҷ϶䣬ȴܲů˾ɭֲ
Ľҹգǲסʱĵ·о̾ɽֵ֮˿ѷڡ
֪˶ãͣ˽ŲǰһشƯڰе
Ѱ˺þãڽԶһЩȽƫƧǸŮҲ˵ʲôϾڸˡ
Ľɸո߾ʹ
Ľûа˵Ϊǹؼνġ
ǿʼɡ
˵ͷȻ˵
ԣһһɫâ͵غ˴ϡ
䣡
رѣʯɡ
̳£һӳĽɵǰ
㲻ҪɡĽ˫üһЩɻʵ
⣬ģ
ѵܴĶñ˶֪Ԫô
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Ծɰ˫
ôĿӣôȥĽ̾˿̬Ρ
ϻȻǱȥͷĻһ
£ǹһĽ׼ȻоһϮʯ׹һ㣬ֱӷ˽ȥǿһ
ಡ
ٶԽԽ죬޿ס
Ľɸо߷ХۼҪڵʱȻͣͣ˰գ˵ϡ
΢΢̧ͷֻܿһСĹ㣬ɵõһ
һ˲䣬ޱȴۣΧâ˸δĽϸ۲죬Ե
ϥ񣬽״̬Ҫʼˡ
Ľƽ飬ϥڵϣרעǰĺɫǹ
һɵѹɢޣĽͷת
Ҫʼˡ
׼ˣĽƽ˵
ͻȻͷתٶԽԽ죬
Ľɼо񣬲аɡ
һɺɫǹɢڡ
ź壬ĽɻȽ棬ȫƤʱͨ죬ʱࡣ
ߣҽ˿ʹ࣬޷ݡ
һ㺹ˮϵµ䣬Ľɵɫ԰ףһϸֳɫ磬˿ȥֲ
תٶٶȱǣ޾ĺɫ뵽Ľɵڣϵʹ֮ɫŨ
ʹ
ֻмᶨ־֧ûлԹȥ
ʱĽûκѡֻм־޴ĥ
ģĵɢһâǿȫɫȫ뵤֮С
һ̣ʹʧǿҷĽɵһȻڵϡ
оһ֮š
ԵĽɻһһϢڡ
æϥã˫ȫ
˷ӿܵ˾޴һ㣬ڡ
ֲٶȣĽɻǵһθܵ
ĸоԼʵڲ
֮
ǧ֮
֮
̶Ƭ̹򣬾ӵʮ֮ôﵽ˿һŵı׼
ڳﵽҪ󣬿ʼ俪һ֮š
һţΪͨǿӶΪڶ׼
ԴԴע룬Ľɵ彥ﵽͣڷĹţоԼľѪ˾ʹͷٴðƬˮ
һţĽз˵
һ˿˿ڵڲϵѹںϣ̫죬⶯ÿ˹ؼʱ̣ͻᷢͻ
ò꣬һʱĽɿ˵һţŸտڵ˲䱩꣬Ϊӿ֮С
Ѫ
ĽɫƽҰ˺
Ľɵ沿仯ĺ˿
޾֮£㻹ʧܰ˴ΣֱھŴβųɹò˵ȻһƷϲġ
Ժ֮·ҪԶʮٱŬܽס
ãѰһЩҩнϴ
Ľɻſ˫տȻһվ
һŵʱΧ˲ɢڵѾƳڵΪ
ҩֻҪлұضŹĽɻһ壬˫лһĨȻ
ֽҪǣѰһʺ޹͵˵
Ľ˫üһ֪޹ҪԣǿĲһʺԼ书ƣ󲿷ֶǹ˴ԼֻƳʵ޷Դֻнǰ֮ϰ


051 ǲ𻹶㲻ô
ҼеĹȱȫֻģļסʽ
ԣⷽ汾ﲻ㣬ֻܻſϣջ񡣡
Ҫʱ乮Ϊڼ䣬ϸѰңһһĽ顣
ԵȴǴΪ롣
Ľɵͷž޴ӣһԾץסһǽ壬ٴһԾֱӡ
֮âصұ֮С
ĽɿܺɵһƬԭѾҹ
Уһ֮á
һʱ䣬һҡһ䣬ΪһʦֶΣֻϹŴܲ
ҹɫ£С
͸żľء
΢ķУһɵζ
Ľһһţǰƻ˸ڣ㱼˴һܶݣȴʮʵ
ϰӡƿؽ֮
֣̽ӡħʽơ
ʧȥȫΪ
ĽɿЦѡ
СᣬȻ̧ףǣڵķȥ
ΪɽŮסȽϽԣûʲô˸⸽ɢ
ŮĿֲʵͷԣη壬˵Ƥˣʱҿһۡ
ĽߵŮסʱ򣬸ȷˡ
ֱͣȥû߼ͻȻұһ
Ľ˫üһʱͣ½Ųܡ
˵û㣬㽻ֵǸŮڣҿԸоõЩҪҪȥԼζЦ
Ľɫһ¶Цûаɣתסȥ
ûʱ䣬ҲûʵŮӾȥԣֻѡ˱ܡ
׻˵ĺãǲ𻹶㲻
־ԼλãĽ߽Ժ
ԺڣһᣬᣬһЩ¥ͬӣҲǲһ
Ľ߽һ¥ڶĽҵԼķ䡣
ް㶯ĺۼϸһͳһƣǽڵһУԶˡ
ĳ档
Ľɷǳ⣬⾪ΧˣԼһЩҪ鷳
Ҳ࣬䣬Լģһĸ䡣
ܴ󣬲úһסĻȷЩ˷ѡ
ķڣƷȫŸ߹ݻķṹĽһʶĴ
ЩݵĶеĲð裬ģǣȥޣרѧϰЩ֪ʶĽɵƯ˵
ʦ˵ȥĴݣרѧϰķĻŷݵĸĽһְŵġĽɻߵߣ
һ׳գȻѧôûõĶҪ֪ÿһϱڴ򿪣ʤݵΪ֮ǰѧϰĲЩǵͨм˵
Ľԣ˲˾񣬶ݵ飬ܸȤͬϰףͬܵһ硣
ڵ㣬̤̤ʵʵɣйϱںݵ飬㻹ûҪ֪ʤݽǿܹʤݺݵҲͲԶˡ
һưˮĻȤ
Ľ΢΢ͷ˵ûΪǹؼÿǵġ
˫ڴϣ˼йع飬ڽ䣬֪Щʲô
֪ĽЩˣ˯ƣƣģ壬ˣؽ硣
ᣬҲߣԶ˯ģΨһҪֻ¡
һάϡ
ڶػ˰ȫ
ЩʹҲΡ
ǧϣ֮ѡ񲻻
꣬ҲˣҲɵ˯һΡ
һΣһƴһУξҲҪ֮ԼԼ
ᶨ£ǹһþòƽ
·ڻʲôһɱϢɢ䣬þòɢ
峿һĨڷڵʱĽɵ˿Ц
񻰣̫ˣȥҲǰ취
ѵҪ泣סôһҹȥȻûߡ
˵СӣﵽûʺĹ⻹һ⡣
ڷڷȥΣᷳ
ĽҡҡͷϴѰйؽ鼮ʱ򣬸ûⷽĶ޹ǷڣҲ̫
ΨһҵĵطΧ޴ͶǣǾĶʤǣҲҪһ·̲ܵûôʱ䡣Ľ̾˿
м·̣ǲʲôԴȥ
ǣ˵طѰҹҲ£мȻ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣
ңһ뿪ţڵŮһȷЩѰ졣
Сᣬ侲ķ
ֱԣҲپҡĽɳ˼СᣬһȻ¶ġ
ǰ΢΢һȻڡ
ףǸŮӺ鷳ˣû뵽˸ȥݡ
Ľɫһβ˵ȥ
̫ˣǸŮˡϲ˵
Ľɵͷľѻᣬܴ˵߳䡣
һƬʱ䣬Ƕȥ˴
ĽɲԼˣͬŵУһ࣬һ
߳˺¥ԶͲˡ
ܿ죬Ľһյģֻһߣ㶵ע
μǰĽһǰһݡ
㡭㻹Ǹץ㡣
ҰʦúòױǸСߣҺò徲һᡣ
ǣˣүǲҰ
üͷŸε˼㡣
ϴζлǰҽ󣬻֪ǰγƺ
ĽɫƽĿߣЦڡ
Ӧòˣʱ·ϿŮסķˡ
һ˫ɨɨȥ˿ĽɵΪ֮ǰһЩҲ˸ı䡣
СһЩʦøĵӣӦóƺһʦúС˵
ӽʦ̻塣Ľһæ˵ͷ


052 ȷܺ
İɣ´ʱһǰ֪ͨġ
꿴¶οЦݡ
ֿⷬϿҵĻĽɵĶУȴЦ
ԷĹԼǵ̷ͻʱ޴ƻ
лʦ
Ľɹֳл漴Ҳ£ֱӿżɽ˵
ӽǰһ޹Ůҹġ
Ҫ˫ü˼°ͣ۾ϴת
ùϼһµ˵
޹ȷУŵǿģǡ
ʦѵ£ΪôĽɿֹæ׷һ䡣
ǸҲûʲôѴЩңЦͷһЦ⡣
ûʲôģӿʱԻĽһԾɹ
ĵ˵ͷתŶȥʾȥ
񻰣̫ˣϲ컯ΪҲڱǰðǰ
СӣϼһٸҹĨֱӸɫ
㲻
Ľɸߵ¥ݿڣоʹŭɵͣ˽Ų
òҪ嶯һ¶Ǵ鷳ΨһҪľΪһ̰ɡĽ˿Ц
ߣƺһ˵
ĽʦֶûôɣһʦҪȥ¡¥ϵߴһ
ĽԣͷӦɿȥ
ϤĵطܵλñŲޱ仯
Ľɿһ䣬˫ȥѰʲô
˹ȥ߿Щ˵
ǸĽʦֶԵһ£ذťλˡ
Ľӣ
־ޣżڲô
Щ鼮ĲˣҪڶһңźҶŸɡ
ҵˣСӲصôأȥ˳ϵһ㴩СЬ㲻Ҿƺȡ
Ľɾ˶Էੲݵ
£֣͵İһհǽ档
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ǽܣƶһصʯųǰ
ˣ޹ˣʵҲʲôҪ֮
һӵϰƿԼ嶼дй
ԣЩţҲûʲôôѻˣٺ١
Ц˼Ȼڡ
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Ľ¶Σʼ˵
£ľ֮ǰ򿪡
֨
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Ľһӣҳȫɢ
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⡭ҲҲǲСݣ
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ǰӴɽĽ˻ɡ
ô飬ȫ޹ô
Уѷ˳ȥӴ麣вϵѰš
ûȫǹҶһЩΪͼĻɫм˵
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ȻһЦһĽ顣
Ľԣ΢ðһƻ
ôЩհ
鼮һͷۣ΢̣͸һĨǳЦ
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ſڴվһŮĿ濴ĵӡ
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ǳ־̺ꡣ
ʦְֳ֣ʵټ֪ЩӶڷʲô鼮ܷ͸¶һЩأǰҾ󣬳־ޱ˷ܣ˰ٵ˵
콻ӣ͵͵һ£վĮ̣ɿ
Ҹոȥϵύ鼮ķΪҷֱڵù̫ˣҪһǣͳڵĳ档
Ҳû뵽˻ᣬԽһЩ̭Ҳõ֮佻ĵãٽŽᡣ
ԡȿȣҵľǺǵġ
治ɫת̽Ƶ˳ϵͷϡ


053 Ը
־ƺһ
֪ȥһ˳ϵҲȷ鼮
ǣո룬㳤ͬˣҲôʵʩ
ԷⷬƱ绰νʾ֭޷
ʦ֣ȥ˳ϵ٣ǳϵû׼˭Ҳ֪Ѿ˲Сĺ䶯ѵѾͬˡ
ʦֿɾΥŹ涨ʱػܵϳͣȻʦǲôġ
ˣҲȻЩԭ򣬶Բ԰ʦ֣
־ɨһۣһȻ꣬˵
ԣ͸һĨȻת˲š
־꿴һݣðһƬ亹
λҰʦÿ¶񣬶һĿֲƣԷ˶һۣԿ˴еĲ
Ȼڵ鼮ȻҪȥæûʲôˣҲУסԶһ㡣̺Ȼڣ̬Į
־ɫһ˵תˡ
꿴ӵ˿ʹһתȥһ
Ľʦֶʦˣɺˡ
СǶ˵㣬󲿷ֶûõģҲܱҰϾ滹ǴϹŴĹȻһ㣬ϹŹô׵õ
ˣһж
˵ţӰԶȥֻԼվԭء
ĽɣʧȥȫΪָЩ飬Ҫһ޹ô
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057 ʼĹ
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ԭŮ׼ģô֪أ
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벻ݺᣬ߰ԵǰȻһĹרҡ
ʵһˡĽɻһתɫ˲Щء
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˵ʵڵģܾãǿŻɫӣĽɵڶ֪ΪΣµʦΪ֮ᣬǹ޺׿ڸġ
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ԷĻشĽɵĶУЩЦá
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Ľɣһȫɵˣÿ춼ϵš
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һ˵侳ʦͬʱ컯ƴɱ㽫ԷȫɱԼҪòȫԭ
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һĹ֮Уغ⣬ԣֻɹʧܡ


059 
ɫȻް㵣֮ɫ
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ߣ鲻ˬܲˬղǸ֪Сɱ
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Եżַ߷߲ɱ
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Ľûȥֱ߽䡣
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062 ǸҪг
һȭ֮شƺڵ˾껡
飬Ҫа벽ʵǿ
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ĽɵĮĿżˣлһĨڽһȺļһԼǲ֪
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Щص㣬صǴһͽ棬ǣȴǼȿҰ¹ϣСڡ
ĽԷսԼȴû뵽ʱ
ƽȴֿ˻Ϊ˽Ը񣬺öΪö⣬Բƽ
ʦֶսĽɣվԼΪ˾껳ͷƽĿ죬ſʵ
Ϊͣ˾Ⱥ˰ķУҵɽҲֻǱװװӣĻҪηʵͲļˡ
һȻЩľںΪĽɣɨء
δشĽɱ俪ڡ
սĽĳӡ
˵꣬ȻתŶȥ
ЩյĿһٰ
ģҲ̨ӣҾͲս죬ôõĻᡣ
Ȼϣ콣ü΢أȻ˵
ĽʦܣǸ˵ˣڹϣ˾ʦǣѵûô
ŵΧҩζԽԽŨ
ǼŰҵǰңĽĳӡ
˶࣬ҳ֣Ľĳڷַ
ʣкδ
ĽɶһͣȻתЦ˵
ƽЩ֣ԴˣֻܵǸεĿ˾껣˵
Լ˴£Ӧ̲ܽϣǸҲҪó⡣Ľɿ죬̬䡣
βг⣿ʵ
¹Ǹɸң
˻һ𾪵
̶ʱ㶣־ǲţԼĻ
콾¹
ʵԶĽһˣ¹Ǹ
ĵ뷨˵УǲܣԲܵ顣
ң¹Ǹֺηɫ䣬˵
𾪣
죡
󣬱һȻ󲨣е˿Ŀ⣬š
һӣϥأûаԥĵͷǸ
ĽüĿһĽû뵽߳жȻĹˣûаԥһ㣬ֵ˾塣
ӣ˸ӡ
֮ɫһ˵
һ֮˾ްϸ𣬴ӽԺ޹ء
԰գΪе˾껵ˣʱɫ䣬ʧȥɽԺڿɾûˣһңޱѿ
̺ͳ־꣬¶΢ЦĽǺ⡣
ĽɵĻ࣬Ӧ֮ܵԣ޻ڡ
컰һ٣漴
Ľɣʽ㷢սΪѪж¹򶼸ңѵ㲻Ӧսô
۹ĵ֮£һȻƺȻֱĽϮ
мŨŨս⣬ʹóеܵȾѪݡ
죬ܲ򵥣ˣԲһͽô򵥡о˸ૡ
ĽɿźȻѹµϢɫƽ
Źڵϵ죬һ̤ɫâӿȫ
кβң
һͺصء
һɲ־¶Ȼûкƴƣȴһ֣죬µصȻ
ƣȻײ
ԡ
Ũս⣬
̿Ľɻڹнɻеһ˿졣
ϵĺڹǹ죬ȴһ˿ͬ
꣬һԵĳ־ʵ
ݺڹı̶ֳȣ뼸ֹЩƣǶ̫ܡ
ҵ֮Ҳɢڹ⣬ȴӵѪϢҲܵı䣬÷ŰʧȥǣĽɵӣĮƽȻ֡
оǶҵħ֪ŹңҲǶʤݵ
־ĽɣĻ
ǲ֪ɱ˵뼧ҵ֮Щƣȴȫȡ
Ľڵ壬ûȫüȵһ֮ɡ
˺ÿ죬Ҫ˺ѷεʹ࣬ҲΪĵ顣


063 Ľడ
̳һᣬĽɵϣ档
վԼǰͦӰ̫Ϣһδε𾪡
Ϊȫʧƾ磬ʵǿᣬȻǸĴۡ
ȻĽɵĿУ˿Ⱥ˷ܡ
ãܺãйҺڴһսڡ
˵꣬תȥеȻ
㡭Ǹʲôˡ
¶죬ȥȲ⣬ַŭ
ĽȻ飬Ȼס
ԷҪһƾеĶ֣ڵʸ
ΪΪ⣬ڽ棬̫ƽӮˣҲʤ֮䡣
ĽɣҪʧ֮֮սһһϸ¡Ȼͣ½ŲڣսԼ
һΪĽ˲ŶԷӰƽ
԰գˬһЦͷҲأȥ
˷׷̾ҲһЩиеˬ
ҰỤ֮̊һһͷϷûˣкˡ
ʱ䣬ʱڣ㿴ڵٶȣֱһ
˵ͳˣʱ͵Űɡ
ɵӣٷ֮Ǹɵӡ
ҧгݣһ
˾ǣڳƵڵɥ֮Ȯʧȥ˿ɽԺӱȻùǰ˲ˣڶ棬Ժÿգͬŵȳжȹˡ
˾ҧҧ˫Ŀͨ죬Ÿ߸ϣ˫Ľɣ׷ŭжĺ⣬ѾＫޡ
ûĽɣȻڣֻҪܣһҫ
뵽һǿӿֱԺ˾˲ʧȥ侲ָĽɴȵ
Ľɣս䳡̨ۣ
޴صԲ
˾껣ʧȥǣȫ˸ղܵͲҰܣֻĽƴһս
Щмǰֹ꣬һ䡣
ƾʵҲֱ̨
СֻһԵĳ־õ
㲻ҵĶ֣αȡ衣Ľɿͨ죬ͷ˾껣赭д˵
ҲսҾͱϻǲǶ֣սһ֪˾ɥʧǴ
ĽĳԾڴˣȻҪ̨ҵ㡣Ľɿǰĸߴ̬꣬
䣬Ȼ˳ȥ¶˷ܵĽȥ
䳡
һΪտĵطŰСͬĮ̇Ǹڵ໥дõġ
һС̨شһģİʯ̨һ޽ʯ̨棬ķģ£˿Ȼ𾴡
̨˽شԹĵطһ̨ۡ
Ľվ䳡ſڣΧһ̨ɢӴѹİʯ̨͸ֲ졣
˴ŨŨ˷ܣ䳡
ֵ˺ܶ࣬ռһһ½½Ľ
Ȼ̨ˣڼΪټ
ⳡûа˵ۡ
̿ڵӵı飬Щε˵
鷢չزҪ̨׼һ°ɡ
־̲סһͷۣǲɫ
һγͻʲǫ̂
Ǹ˾ѵԲôۣĽడ
̨Ҫڳͬ⣬αҪˡ
־ɫһһֹ
ʼ磬ߵ޴ʯ̨棬¶Ȼ
볤Ͽ̨еҪ
£ûκλӦеĵӶĿţҷ
䣡
ȻǱ쳤һ£һȻ죬쳾
޴ʯ̨һζÿζһΣᴫ֮Ϊֲ
־ɫأ˼˱仯ʯ̨лһĨľη
̨ܾûпˣÿοҪ鷢û뵽һΣȴΪ֮˽˶Թ
޴ʯ̨һᣬֻ¡һ£һйƽ
Ϊ¿̨
һ翵صӴ䳡ϵŲɵϡ
ƹ̨ĳϣһλʵɲߡ
ʦ壬ڵӣҪ˽˶Թ־һݣ̬
ʯ̨һ£ٴδ
ΪͬŵӦ໥ɱǲݣǺ֡
ϲŭ־̲סͷƤЩ飬ֹ
ϻҲǳԱ˳ŵû㿪̨
Ź涨ֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ǿԵ̨һ
³ϵѾĬǲĬҲ˵һµͷӡ
Ļ룬һ˵ˣ־Ҳûˡ
СᣬĿʯ̨ڡ
ҲȲѣѾ۵ԣҲ鷳ʦˡ
ߵͣ˺ܾãŻ˵
ȻˣСɣս۽Σƻ˵̨Ĺأ𣿡
־ͷǣתŲԶĽɺ˾껣
̨ɡ
Ľɿž޴ʯ̨ǵ翵˺ܴη˵첽ȥ
˾ߵļˣһң˾Ŀ⣬ġ
һ֮ɫ˫̲סŪһҪˡ
һĽɣٺƴˣ
ҧأĿͨ죬ɫ˾껣ͺһȥ
ĽһԾƮȻ̨棬ովȣһȻƴ˷ֶ
˲Լһַľ⣬ļ䡣
ʯ̨ͬһͷϹžһ㣬ע
ѹ˫ȷкȻֹĤݵͷ
Ľɿֵѹʱ˾Ӱһ͵ĳ̨
һ̨̱סˡ
һܶɫ˲԰ףͷ亹ֱð
˾껵ӣֻǱˡ


064 ʦ㣬û
ͦˣΡȻվ
Ľȫֵѹڹ⸡⡣
ü֮룬Ȼ֣һӡǡ
Се㱾¡
ϵһ˿ͣȫڹƣͦĽɡ
һֻ̣ͨһ˾껻ĹڵϣһƬȻ֮ɫ
ߣǷһʶѹֵסûʸ̨̤Ϸȥ
Уһͺȡ
һ֮ȻϮ˾껵˲䱻ɳȥ
һ𣬴صˤڵϣѪԵ
Ľɸоѹ٣˿ŭٴδ
ôʵҲֱ̨̤
ⳡȶҲûа
ս̨УѰص㣬˷Ϸʱ䡣
£Ľɸоһȫ漴ƮȻ볡⡣
ϱ˾껵ֱӺȥһĻˡ
ʦ˵һЩͲˡ־ǰһǸȻ˵
һް
̨Ծɣ˵Ҳ֪ʤˣ˾ʦֶ̨ʸûС
Сᣬ־ȷѾȥĶ˵
ǸСǰȥȼס´ûʵҪ¿ԡ
˵̺꣬˹ȥҰŮ¶ãһתȥ
Ľû˵˷ôʱ䣬ҲҪȥˡ
ֱڣûлҲ֪ȥЩġ
˾ǣĽֻߣĴڣȤ
ڳһ꣬¶ڽĿ⿴˾껵ˣһȳмá󣬷׷תȥ
ĽɻصסԼֻϥ
˿̵кܶ಻⣬ҪΪ⡣

ڣһƫƧ䣬Сʲô
ʱһӻȻЩ͵˵
ǻҪȶã
аԽԽˡ山꣬εҡҡͷ
֪ɣǼһûʧȥǵˣӼһЩҲǿ⡣Ī̬ƽ˵
ЩҸصǸ顣׿ӻһת
ڣûʲôֵģǸĽɣҵǺսһʵҽ档а̬м
ߣаֵܱɣϾ˼ɱݺݵĽˡ山ƺһ¶һ˿ֻ֮⡣
ʵЩҪΪ̾һ㡣
ĽɾȻڶ̶̼գڣܲ򵥡
׿ӻ䣬ԶȻһĮ
а׿ӡ山Ī˵˰ɣ˵˾ͻȥñ˿ǼһҪˡ
£Ůվűȥ
棬ĽɣǸȤɣϾǧһ׿Цڡ
ͷҲأĮ
ûȤҵ飬Ҫܡ
ǻǽ˼֮ɣòǼڣް塣
Ҫ֮УҪĶУǺʹա
Цѣαô棬˵Ķԣǵȷñ˿ͬŻɡ
ŮڵϢֻǼ֪ڿжʱ
ΪʲôҪȥ
山˵
ŮڣҲϹӣ֧ŵĲֻһССһЩЩǼҲҪɵ֣ԣڻʱ򡣡
ˣǵʱҲˣΪԽϣǵļƻԽǲа˵
ôΪȡʱ䡣
Цڣ֣ӻóһӡ
˿֮η֮ɫ

ڣĽɻſ˫տȻ
˿Ŵº⣬ûκ
ȥˣ
£һӰವһ£Ʈ
ĽɾĬڴϣƽû˿š
ӰߣԳΣһƯŵĺɫǹ
죬ֵĲȻˡ
ȻˣЩźȴһȤ顣
ԵĽı֣Ϊ⡣
Ľû˵ƽĿŴ⣬վӣߵԱߡ
ΪʲôҶʱüĴǸӡǡ
ɱôס˵ĻɣϾǰĹȻ֪ûǣ֮ƵĹ٣ǽһЩΪáһ䡣
Ľ΢΢ͷ֪ˣΪʲôԼӡЩ죬ԭɱԵʣ뼧Щƣȴźܴ֮ͬûжԷôŰѪ侲ͷԡ
շʲôȤ顣СᣬĽɺʵ
ϷһصķУ񻹷֣ڵｻ׶ĺȻЦĽɵУ˵š
ĽԣüһЩ飬֪
׼ϸѯʵʱ򣬺Ȼûķš
ĽɵһʱӦʵ
˭
һͣһ͵
ĽɣŲԶ϶У˲ٺö㣬ҪҪһȥ
Ľ˲ˣǸڵռҶС㡣
˫üһĿϣɻ
ΪǣΪҵһصĵطȻ˽֪˷ҵʱ䰡Ϊε˵
ʦ㣬ûգ˼ˡĽɿЦһ˵
һ䣬̷ŭ
ãҶ˵ˣĽɾһľͷֳӲûаζ
ӣҪһȥɢ㶼ѡҪ
µã˼һûգֱӸǴˡ
㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
һۣдһ˿Ρ
ĽʦܣˣǸҪĻ


065 ʯж
û
̵ĽȻ⡣
϶УﵽЩʲô
ٺ٣СӣЩĶ˰ɣ˵ˣ֡
Ҷ֪ãûпôֵĳˣ컹͵͵ȥġ
Ϊﵽ䣬뱾壬ʱҲˡ
һߴЦһ߼ֵ˵
ȥһ°ɣǣװһⱻϳĽɵͷӦ
Ǻ̰ɣǸŮӣȻƢһ㣬˻Ǻܲģ㲻֪֮ǰŮӣ类Щŵǿߡ
ϲĽ¡
ĽɵһηȻô̸ӡУﲻ࣬ȴƽʱȻ෴
ǺĽˡ
ҲļįöԷ˿̳ױˡ
˰죬һͣ
ǻǱ߱˵ɡĽɼæһ䡣
˵꣬ڷڣɨһȦ
ĶЦ
СӱˣӷˣҲҲġ
ĽЩεվԭأȷҲһڵòĶ
һ˲ǰһâһɫɴĽɵС
Ľɿкɫɴ˲죬΢һظо
˱Ϊ⣬ǰǧùҪҡ
Գɿռ䣬ǧ壬ǧǰùĶ඼
Ҳûʲô֮ˣҩûҲˣϾʱ̫ˣҪȻЩȫ԰Ϊͻͽ
ͳᵽǧ¶һĨ׷˼
һǹһˣ֮ã
Ľû˵ɴϣһĸо˲ȫ
˿˿޵Ϣڡ
⡣컯Ϊʦ޷ݺΪڵ㻹С޷Ӵ˱ֻдﵽ컯ΣܷôֻڸòˡĻһ˿ϧ
Ľû⣬ڵ˵ȷһƷ
׼ˣǾ߰ɣѾͷģʱһ赲ʶ̽飬ȷһʧˡЩȲӡ
Ľ΢΢ͷȡɴ߳䡣
ſյȣȷѾˣ߳¥
ڣ˽Ҷڵ̸й϶е顣
ԭ϶УڸܣһӶ֪˴ڣΣơ
϶Ҳտģÿֻ⿪ż¡
ڷĶһЩƷڵĵӣ󲿷ǼӵܣҲƣץסᣬǰȥչһЩ֮
ǣһЩʦҲǰÿζ쳣֡
뿪֮ĽȲĴ⣬֮ڲǲͬע⣬ˣˣҲϲ˭ˡ
ɫɴۣϡ棬Ϊǰе;Уɴߺװε˼࣬Ҳ˹ע
ǰе࣬ʲôôˡĽɵ
СӰһû棬۵Ķ廨ţ෱࣬ҩʤĵرҲǾԻУȻÿۣˣûʯȻڡ
ʯʲôĽԣĬʵ

һ仰ûȥ
ʯ֮γɵʯͷֻΪŨĵط
ʦ磬ûз˵ǮҽףЩûаôΨһĻңʯˡ
ˣעֶˣΰ
̲֮סԹһ䡣
ĽɲɵһЦԭǿҪǰУΪйƷʯ
ûкһȥȻĻ̶ݺԼһ١
һ̾תһ룬Ȼ˾
ԶԶԣô鱾ҲûٸɣһҲ޷
δĽɿѯʣЦ
Сӣָһ·ٷְΪǡ
ʲôĽüЩ
һ߼Цһ˵Լļƻ
Ľ֮ϿЦŨ
ôһ˷֣³Ȼ硣
ʲôôԵ岻סһЩСֻ֮ҪȫϾͺˡ˵
ðɣġĽɳ˼Сᣬεĵ˵ͷ
һʱĽվһƬƽԭ֮ϡ
ǰԶһ˶ĳǳؽڡ
ûоֱ߽ȥͣ½ŲʼʵʩǮƻ
ļգһ£ķз
ǰеˣŮʯƵƵʧԣң⡣

һգһƬ߿յϣӰֶվ˭ҲԸ˵
ǰһۣĽ˶һͷɫӢӣĽһЦ
»ǳϰɣ⼸ǰеˣ󲿷ʯʧԺͱᣬһİɣò֮ܺ˵ĻǺϡ󣬺üһʵ
ĽɿЦһ£ΪкɫɴڵԷݣֻĴ䱸ж̷
СӣҪϻֱһӴ裬ʯˣ㷻еǻݺû֤ݣǲغ¡¶һͷӡ
ֻǴӦ㣬ÿһʯͿˡ
˭ȴͻȻԣԷϵʯȫչθɾЩˡ
ңЩʦȥȷܲףǲôǵע⡣
Ľҡҡͷкܲͬ
רҵҽᣬ˵ˣܶζǸɵġ
һҲͽ˰ʮˣʯһҲ飬⣬һЩƷʸߵ鵤ҩ򲻵
˵ˣ˶װ磬ҸһȡϵʯСӷŻǣ˵ʲôҲܳϡ
һѪļΪλ


066 СǷ
ǲģǰУԻ֤١
ԣ¸һˣҲ֤֮ס
¶ЦĿĽɣ˵꣬һơ
ȥǵĵ̣⣬ҵɵӡ
ûûִݡ
ôϻ˵붯ְɡ
ĽЦһ˫͸ּڽ
԰գվԭأͦˣһöɡ
Ī治⼸ǰеˣ֮࣬дźɫɴߵĲӵʵƽƽҲҽѵԼҴˣͷתһ˿֮⡣
ĽΡȻվԭأ¶ŨŨȻް֮
һʱ嶯̨ڴ˵Ǹ½⡣
вٴŴ֮ˣʦ˲ʵ飬˷ߺޡ
ר䵥ʦ֣ϣ̨Сģ͸ˡ
ҧҧǸȻڡ
̨ˣ²С֮ˡ
˵˵һ࣬˺ݶʧʦݡ
л̨ģԻСģȻˣҾͲԶˡ
Ľԣ˿ֱȭ
ЦͷӰһֱǰȥգ۹򣬲Ӱ
Сû뿪ڰм㣬᲻¶ţӵ⣬ΪһΪһͽʦԾͷŹ㡣һ¡
Ľɲɵ̾˿󻺲϶еķȥ
⣬֪˶ʦѹ˶ٿʯȻͬ˵ʵǺĶġ
ôʯ̺ŴľȫȻһЩΪ
Ľ׼һЩʱֱֹж
˷ʱ䣬ôһʯֵʲôǻЩõĶ
˵ˣʯʱܸ㵽ȵͻΪʱȥգҲԱ߻ħΣա
ȴӷлֱ֮ӽɱ󲿷֣ʱʯóˡ
Щʱ˵ģⷽ棬ֻӶԷĽ顣
һһǹڷиŴ䵥ʦж
һȥһڹ⣬Էֱӻ赹ڵˡ
ĽҪģֻѹζԷϵʯ֮ڡ
Щ˵ϣʯƷĴԼһЩ˽Ʒںֱˡ
ԼŵĻɫӣĵ˵ͷ
һӵ߰˸ʦϣµһ
ʱȴֱˡ
Ϊʦʶ߱ȻᱻԷ֣ɾ͵òʧˡ
Ψһûаʶڣµһϡ
㻹һӣûмʶҲ֪ô꣬ôġ
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ôһȥ
һ𣬶ˡ
һ·ϣੲݵĽֻޱš
ʦﵽ֮󣬿ԷֳһʶڴӡΪʵԽǿӡԽԷΪ㣬޷򿪴ȡ涫ģδٶᱦûбôôջ˵
ĽûлشʲôĿ΢̧ԶһģӰ
е𣿡
ˣһֱ㣬ǰ˼пֻСӣϡ˷ܵ˵
Ľεĵ˵ͷСǰȥѾΣĲˡ
ŽӽģӰ
һһӣǵؿڻ֣̫һ
̫һŵʦĽɵ
ڵѾǰǸʲô֪ˣں󣬶Զʤݵļһ˽⣬ֱ̫һšǺӵ춼пɽڡ
⼸Ѿãŵ쳣һ˲ǡ
ĽȴǺͿɽڣ˺ܴĳͻ
˵̫һŵ˼Ϊ̣λǲҪˡĽͣ˽ŲὫֵʰĵز
ร
ŵĵӣϵʯһ٣СӣôõĻԲܷŹҵģֱӴǣѹ֮ˡ
ȥΪȻǣʱ򣬼̫һŵˣҲҪ㡣
ֱӷʾĽɸϿж
ʦ֣Ǳи˹ˣʲôͼıɣǷʦǰ϶չǼʲôɡɫأЩӵ˵
СʦܣʲôǴ̫һŵķΣ˸ǵģǶԷû۾ʦ𽻴֮ڱصãûܹǡĵ˵
Ľɲӵһ
˭̫һµӣ¡
δ˵꣬ӸоһӰǰ˵ĻȻֹ˫һڣ
꿴ʦֻ˹ȥҪ󺰾һ˲䣬оһͷתͨһڵϡ
ޣ벻ŴɣҲַ֪߲ˣҽܣɵˡƯԣĽɻ˼£ʾ
ĽĬȻͷ첽ǰڶһǵĴֱӵݸ
ˣСӣηˡŴʧе
Ľɸеɻʱǿд򿪴һۡ
Ľɫ˲䣬˫гɫ
ǰķˡ
ɣʮɫʯͷĽһҹĸо
ֻڵʯൽĵز
㷢ʲô㶣ˣٿ䡣ԭصһ
ĽɻعصĿΧһУץ̳Զɱȥ֮ǰóס˶˵塣
̸ķʱڸǶᱦۼԸȡʱ䡣


067 Ǯ
Ľ뿪󲻾ãһӰֳ
ڳ֮µˣ¶һĨЦ
û뵽˸Ҵ̫һŵĵӣ֪˵˭ʲôģ
ΧۼӦø߲ã׷ȥơ
Ǻǣη֮УԽԽȤˡ
˵꣬תĿԶգһ˵
ٶͦ죬ϧˣһΪϲߣⱻǿһЩҪ鷳
ֻԭһ̳ӰʧĪ⡣
Χһлָƽʲôûзһ

ֹһʱ䣬ɫӰ˴˵ء
Ϊ׵һ꣬ųԵˣ̬
˱ϴˣң鷳ܴ󣬼㲻ǷڷڣҲѲ˹ϵ̫һűϾŴɣܹǵģǿȫѲ飬Ҫ̫һ֪֮ǰҵ֡
ǣ
󷽼ԣȵ
󣬼˷ԵĶˣɿ뿪

Ľһ·ǰУٶѾﵽޣñ˿Ϊ׷ɱ
ˣˣһصĵطϸ˴εջ˷ܵ˵
ڴ飬Ǹˣִ˲ƣ
ǰǧкóһʱ䣬ڴһЩ߽ʦõı಻ʤ
Ľ΢΢ͷʱĿ񱼣Щƣȴ޷ϲ顣
Σյĵطȫģֱӽ϶аɡ
ܵĻأƽ˵
뷻еỹյʱ䣬Ѿ׵ֻ򣬵ȷҪðմȥãھͽȥҲ˻ǡͬľ
ߴһ£Ľȷ׼ǰУͻȻڣֹж
ȫȿ
ĽԣãȻȫ֪⻹ʲôδѯʣȻһһɫâ˲伤ɿĽڣָ꣬ƽ
˿̣ĽɸоһԼڷţٶȿľˣ˲֮С
䣡
ԺһĴһƬհס
Ľ˲ڵأдʹ˫ְסͷʹ
ģʹһºůԺʮ
һƪѶ֣Ժ֮С
Ľʶ˵˳
һһƪղֻǴڸһ㣬еѾܲסɵӣʵ̫ܶͨ޷ε̾˿
ĽصĵͷվӣԺ΢΢Ĵʹ֮С
ת˫ֱһʼַ裬ٶȺıĿ
Ƭ̺ٶԽԽ죬˫ַÿתһΣµӰٶ֮죬ɼһߡ
һ˲䣬ɫɴȻڰУâӿ֣Ť֮£һɫ߸ǰ
γ֮󣬹âһϣڹ˸䣬Ŀݣȫסˣ֮ǰĺɫɴȣأӹ졣
ãܺãôˣ´δ٣һʧЦ
ڵʵһʩչΡ
Ľɴ˼˵꣬ǰУֱȥ
һᣬ϶оͳڡ
һ޴ǳأƽԭ֮ϣǽ˸Զȥλɫʣ龰֮ͬá
ſڣ˲
Ľ·ϣȷ˲ͬ·ˣǳȺǰУĽɶһˣеЩ졣
Щע⵽ϵĺɫ֮ʱðһֺ⣬η壬ǰ֮ͬС
ڵˣϣܹҵһЩ֮Ľɿ纣Ⱥ
ϻ˵طǲǮϲʲôʲôʯ١ֱףԵ˫
ĽһЦƢԸ˽ˡ
ţſѲ飬ȥǿ˽䱸
Ľɫһȵ˹ȥ
ǵˣԴԴϣÿһ˶Ҫϸ󣬲ͨ
⼸գֺܶʦĺ򣬴Էѹβֱɱ˶ᱦ̶
ԣ϶жڴ¼Ϊӣ˵ÿ춼ᷢ¼ǽϱֻ̫࣬ɳԱص̲顣
˷ʱ䣬ǰ˭ñŶӵȺ򣬼ֱ
ǰĶ飬̲סЩŭ
»ǽСһЩɣʵ㣬ֻܵ͵ĽɿЦһ£ĬĬ˵
һ
ķӦĽҲ⣬ƺܳĶ飬ֵܿˡ
ҪʲôһλߴĽɣʵ
μᡣĽɵش
ΪʲôߣôժߴĶ
Ǹ˽Ȩ˵Ľ̬ƽ
иɱ˶ᱦ飬ĴװɣҪϸ̲һߴɫ䣬˵
գ˲ء
ߴһ̤ǿϢֱĽѹȥ
Ī϶еĴ֮ĽЦڣ͸һ˿ڽ
Ӵѹްη֮⡣
ڻͼɱ˶ᱦ¼йأһˡߴȵ
ʱȺһ󱩶ӵпֵ˼
ǲȥأĽɿǰһ䡣
ߴɫ䣬ṵ̆ڳһȻƣһ
Ŵסˡ
ಡ
һƿ£ŵӰ˲Ϣ䣬ڳſڡ
չȺ׷ȥǺԼܵ
ڷڻüʮ˶֣ΪҲ³ߴŭָĽɣһ䡣
϶УԭһԶٵĵط֮ʵȤ
µҪҺΣ
û¶ȣ쳹Բ
Ȼɫ緶Ϣɨ޼


068 Ư
ʮŭĿǰΡȻվĽɡ
໥һۣһǿϢֱĽɺȻϮ
γɿֲѹʱΧ𶯣ʼ
һЩΪʦ޷ܣֱӻ赹ȥ
Ľɸоѹ£ЩǿѹѾԽıڴ˿̣ͻȻһȻڣо˱ǣ˲ﵽһǰδеĵز
ͺһһ̤䡣
Уʮ۶ɵѹȻ߽
ڣֵҳˣ
ĽڣЩ
˾ĿУһһǿƥϯֱ
Ϊ˲䱩ǡ
ƾ
ڡڡڡԲ
һ޽ӽ컯Ȼʮ˲ɫ䣬תߣԶ
ô
ڤ
ƣǰһӣһ޴âޣֱʮϯȥٶ֮죬
䣡
УԲ֮ڣһɿֲʮȫѪˣȻڵϣɫҰףʡ¡
ĽȻվԭأĮĿڵϵʮˣû
꣬Ųֱƹʮˣ߽ڡ
λСѣΪ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ЩȷЩ֣Ϸûй̺ܽãСѼ¡һӰ˷޴
ĽüĿһǰͣ½Ų
ԷǿĽɵ̶˼ɵ
޷Էʶ̧٣ǾͺƴˡԾɰԵ
λԶŴ˵ֻа¡
ĽĿصĿǰһλۣɷǣ׷ͯյߣ̤ޣ
ߵĵΧһ
ղĽɵʵסǣǲҳˣ
ߴӿǰĽɣ¶ºЦݣһֺøС
ôĽɵĿŶԷûо£޾塣
Ϸ޻ղŵðСѰһ
֮⣬ҪллСѣϷѵһ·ӡ
ΪлϷСѣȥ
ߺЦڣĽɸղ֮٣ȫް֮⡣
Ľ˫üһΪźɫߣı޷
£ԷΪҲ˼ɵĵط
СӣҪᣬֻϺﲻһֱˣԷݣôֱӳ֡Ȼ߷У컯֮£֡
صѺ⣬ˣֻҪпȥݷáĽܿڣ˵꣬ȥǰߡ
ȻˣСԱ㣬ʲôҪʱңƾСѵʵҪҵϷѣֻǣ֪Сɷ֪޻Ц˵
Ư񡣡Ľڱһ֣漴Ӻ޻˹ȥ
ƯƯ񣬺һƯ񡣡
޻ĽԶȥıӰУлһĨɭɱ
Ϸµӣңڣǿ͸ΪղűȻֽɱˣ϶ֻҪΪҪ㣬¡
£һΣʧԭأͬʱ˵ϻеʮˡ
ſڣһ󣬷׷׿ٽǣ˿û̲飬ǵ˲䱩ǡ
Ľɽ֮һҿջһϷ
뷿䣬ϥϢЩҵ
⣬¶԰ݣŤ亹䣬żʹࡣ
ãĽһѪڴϢ
ղڳſڣʮ˿ֲѹĽɵ޷ֵ˲ܵش
Σʱֳ̣ȫΪ˲˰벽컯ǣҲǼΪ߰
һսңȫƲסѹڱ֮ǰ޻̸Уͻ¶
һֱѹڣ֤־ᶨ
´ΣòҪ˷ͻǶԷǣҪѺҲȲѣǵģôǵȻᱻ𴩡Щε˵
ȻͰԵȴʺңȻҶʱڻÿֲսǣºüڵĸϱͬʿȹֻ࣬ѾΪˡĽ΢΢ͷȥǵѪڡ
ηнǱ뾡Ϊôʯȫؿǽ֮ʱҪĴӦܹõһЩϡеΪ͸ûˣڣǿԲ鿴һ£νŴɵӵĴˡ˵ŨŨ˷ڴ
ĽҲͬҲǳ棬浽ײʲôղ棬⿴һۣͿ˴ʯûϸ鿴
ó̫һŵӵĴ򿪣ʶӡѾǿĨȥԣֱȡĶ
֮ɫŴʯ֮߰࣬Ľɶһ˿Ķ
ʯ֮⣬һЩСƿװҩõģ򿪣ȴֹ
ЩɫԷЩЧʦ˺Ч
һֻ˵ʯ⣬֮ûκôǣĽɴڴһ
һѤâ˸ʯĽɴΪ𾪣ʮֻʯһ𣬽ʮʲƸĽƾʿ
ʮʯ㼤Ϊ߼龧ҪֱŻȥˡЩڽ˵
ĽʶԼЩʧ̬æһ飬漴ȡƷ
֮ǰĴͬʯһľУһ顣
ĽɿǱ飬дż֣ˮ
ֻһͽ׹ѣȥ棬˵ȴãⲿˣһ֮Դﵽ䣬ԴҲǲȱȫŹ飬м
֪˹ףȫǴľ顣
Ľ΢΢ͷ¹飬һתֻɫľ档


069 
ɫľУһЩ硣
ڴһƾɵĻɫ
ֻľУĽִ·Լ꣬һֹŹ֮š
Щ˼Ȼн˿һźö
ǣľϵĽƴڸӦ֮ǿд򿪣Ǳ߾ͻ֪
ԣȲΪãպΪڴҲ٣ڴ֮ǰʶζԷӦȻʼһ
˵ĽеľУ˼ֺ档
ɵľϷʾĽӳľУĽɵ˵ͷֱӽľС
ſľлһɫ⼤ѹ֮£γһСУľаΧڣһתľбɺɫںľУͬһľ̿ƽ档
ˣζԷаˣжľ֮ϵֻҪǲ򿪽ƣԶ֪ȴ˼ˣϸоһ¡󹦸ɣ˿
ĽɻһЦǰʯ˶Цġ
ˣǿԺúϢһ£ȻչһôʯǱȻջ񡣡ЦݣҲǹЦ
峿䷿䡣
Ľſ˫ۣ־ңԶ䡣
̣֪ôˡ
һƬ뷻Уա
˿̣Ѿۼ֮ˣȻܿᡣ
ѲԽԽ࣬ںܶСڿ쳣֣ȴҲǰӿ
Ȼỹʱ䣬ЩѾȲһڣԼƷչԼ֮һʱ֮ڶǼΪ֡
һۣźɫߵӣڳ߶š
Ĳ죬˴Ʒͻͣ½Ų֮󣬼ǰȥ
Ľɣʩչһ۴ϣۿɷʴȻЩ죬ȴ޷ϳ
óװ˲Ҳû̫ע
ϵĴһ̯λƶһ̯λѰԼ֮
ԭΪҵһЩöû뵽̼ң۵ĶһЩ⣬ֱڻˣǻǻȥȴɡм˵
һ·ֻѾظ˵˺öˡ
Ľɴ˺ü֣֪˶̯λ޶ûһ۵Ķ΢õĻɫǾ۸Щ͡
ʵҲ̷ֲ϶бģ󣬳۵ƷҪԵͽʦ߽ʦҲ˷ʱ䣬չ
ԣϺõƷĽӵһʯҲҲĿֻ꣬оˡ
̫һϵõʯմٶģ㳬ʮ֮࣬ҾһЩӵܣҲǴ硣
գͿʼˣڴ֮ǰɴÿһᡣ
˴ĵرֻûѣɱ׶Σһʼҵÿ춼٣ͻƵҲֻʮԪ
ԣΣҶҪץסÿһᡣ
ĽɿΧȺ
ЩС֮ôĵرõĶѾ͵ȥˣЩһЩƷ
ЩΣĽɵִźͼ֣⣬ûмֹ
Ľɵ˵ͷ·һ̯λ֮ʱȻǰ
ڿЦô˵ҵĶǼٵġ
ðΣգһϹżҵġ
Ȼ֪;һһϡ䱦㲻ˣΪʲôô˵
һżŭǰ
Χ½˹ȥԣҲһȤ
ΪһƷִҪҪȥĽɿǻ۵ķ򣬵һ䡣
ȻҪմܱйðɣ˵һϹҲ˵ϾϹűܿ˼١һ˿Կ䣬ûаԥ˾
ĽһЦ˵ĺܶԣйôãô·һ۵Ķûȥȥո֡
ǰȺĽɻȥ
˿̣룬վһͷӣһꡣ
ӰŶվһ¶ŭһĿ⼥ڽ¶Ц
ųеˣĽɸоЩЦ
ͷӣԴһ㣬໹㲻ɢһɱ뺷ϢŨüۣĸߴ󣬿ȥΪʵ
òǾֲ֣Щ죬ҲǺص㣬ЬӣôСۣü΢էһϸһ
˿̣һĿŴͷӡ
ͷŭȻվһһĶͨںģЩӹ죬ȥͺû
ӹԲ򣬵ǲҪѪˣͷӷ߷ߵĿŻ꣬ŭ˵
Ҿ˵ˣܰôǷȵˣҶô
ҲĨǣ˵ҿˣ͸һʯ
ٽǆ¡
һЦ£Χ۵һ꣬׷׵
ͷҧҧɫһƬ
Ľ˫üһ˵ģ̫һŵĸ
ʤݵļ涼кܶ฽СɣЩССŴ˿֮⣬ԺٻôȡһЩӣǣÿ궼ҪϽϧ̵λ
ȻǸǣŹģСʵףһЩͽɢȻǡ
Сӣϧһдۣ
Ľɳ˼֮ʱͻȻС
Ľԣеͷٷְš
̨֮ʯĽƽĿǰˣڡ
˻һΧ˾Ȼ


070 Ҫ
֪ȵ˿˴ҳᡣ
һʱ֮䣬Χ˿ĽɵУ˼š
ֻҪʯ̨Ҫô
ͷȥ̿ȺУһĽɣгϲɫ
ɫ粻Ŀ
Χ۵һ𾪣һ;Ȼʯ
ʯȻ࣬Ҳͨʦӵеģ˵ˣʲôô֪ʯʵЩ˷ѡ
Ľûֱӻش𣬶Ĭ
ͷӼˣͷðˮЩż
ȷһõģȴ֪ʲôô۸ȷʵЩˡ
λѣɶǣǷȵˣǷȣһ˵ɡ
˵ɣҪ£׸ڲԹųϣ˼ڷϢ
ԣ³ȫһ˺
ɶЦڣ̬ſв֮¶š
Ľɻתף˶Էһۣ̾˿
ȣȷһǿ
ɶǿҡͷ̾Ϣޱȵ⣬ª¶Цݡ
ûаϵҪˣ
նᶨûаɫ
԰գһӣһֻޣͷӵУߴһ϶ʱ¶һϲ
λ̨Ȼˬ죬Ӧ죬ԺʲôҪӦĳ
£ûаԥһĽɡ
ɶǼһĻɫúòѿӦ콫׳кâ˸˲һ
ң
УһһѷڴС
𳤽Ľն䣬ٶȿ磬Ʋɵ
Χ˴ʧɫæתҪ˴ܵ
ԺȻһĽɫƽȻվţĬĿųն䡣
ɶǼһЦһٶȱǡ
һ£˷㾲
Ϊ˱ɵʱһĻŵĻˡ

һ죬Ƴ
Ľָ֣ɵļסɶŵУڡ

ָһһѡ
һ̤ǿƣ͸ֱϯȥ

ɶǿѪ嵹ɳȥ¡һصˤ˵ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫĽɵУηĿУĮĿڵһȻɶǡ
ֻһڽߡ
תһȥ˵

϶Уϲջһŷڡ
˿̣ǵŮߣ˵ʲô
㣬Щʲô
һɴȹСɰŮӣŲĽˮ˳
豭ȵҡ
΢ЦŶŮӣʵ
õĲԽԽտˣҶȲˡЦ˵
ȡЦˣҪ⣬ʲôҡҡͷĽһŵ̵ǰ
˵Ĳҵȷ顣豭͵ߣһڡ
ɣЩ޹أĵЩˡˣȻ
գץ˲ˣΪ׶Ĳˡ
˵ˣѾץˡ
Ψһˡ
ָ̧֣ܷܷô°ͣ¶һ˼ģ
Ǹźɫߵӡ˵
ʯе޷ץ
˵̫һŵĵӣϴˡ
첻µز°
ʼ磬͸һĨɫ
㲻ϲ˰ɣ棬Ī⣬ʵǿᣬһд֣ˮһԡζһЦ
ѾͷҿЦҲúýѵ㡣΢죬üһЦеû˵
䣬ȻֱԷ˹ȥ
һЦС˼æ
ˣˣҴ˻𡣡
ˣͣ¶ߺ
˼˵ңǸĽɻһ
˵Ľɵûҿϲʵ͵ˡ
ϳ棬װ磬ͷҲܹϵó
Щɬҡҡͷ̣һЦ
һҵһ˵
ûǲ²ʵ϶пӦһ˵ģϾĹ֮УΣذ
治֪㵱ΪʲôҪѡҲɫ˼ΪΪ˿ɿ󷨴ʦû϶ѵĿȥ󣿡̿ЩεƲƲ졣
̾˿תӣűա
̿ӣû˵˳ĬСݰ

ջС
Ľڴߣеĺɫͣ¶˼
ﵽʲôʲôֶΣ޷ƻ㡣úĽɾ˵
֮øַܲܽ뿪ǻٻ
һʼĽЩɣִˣֻǳһ£ʼûգˮݣҲ޷ƻһ㡣
˵ʵҲ֪ʲôԼǵôһЩƣΪʱ̫ãѾǣϸ롣
˵꣬ĬС
ĽһΣк飬Ȼ֪ʲôƾ޼᲻ݵĲʣܿóǷƷѹִͷӦҪʯļ۸֪ļص㡣
ǣֲַôƷȴ޷룬޷ƻȷЩˡ
ɶӦҲǿ˴Ż֮ģ̶ֳһĻȴĽɼ˸ˡ
Ľɵȴ𸴵ʱһȷѪ꣬Ϯ


071 ƨ
һӴլԺڣһ°ߣϥ֮ϡ
߱Ŀɢƣη
ǰһˣһȻĻꡣ
Ľɫ͵ģȵɶǡ
ʱɶɫףĿ¶ηĹţʹͷȥߡ
Сɣ˵Ķô߻ڣ˫ĿԾɱš
ʦ壬ǧȷ֮ˣţֺȫǷȷ¿ԣʦҲ㡭㡭
˴ɶ£˵ȥ
»Ȼſ˫ĿһӴƺȻ£ǰͷ˲ð亹ѣɫס
ߣ˺ҳִ˱ȵӡ
ԷȷЩʵ׾ٵסĹֻѹܽشأӵΪ
ǣСҲҷԣ治֪˱һżĿɽ
̬䣬ǰϲ꣬лһĨм
̾˿һӣһԷ
ɶվԾɲ̧ͷȥǰߡ
ȥɣ֮̽ԻǰȥΪ㱨𡣡Щ͵Ļ˻֡
ɶԣ¶ϲһݣ˳ȥ
߿뿪һ
ǶҷȵǿķϣϷʹһˡ̣ȥ̽һǸ֮˵ݣҵҪʲôӱڡ
޲УһӰֶͷ֮󣬹ʧ
¼ȥٴα˫Ŀ䣬ž

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̬䣬ɱ¶в֮⼫Ũ
ԣĬȻݶһۣöԷɱ
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Ȩǰͷͨݶת̨ϵĺ߹ʵ
ȨԣһĨɻ󣬲֪ôһʣ˼Ҳ͵֪˽
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ݼСӣʱ䣬ڸЩ޹ص⡣
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СôôˣԼòôʯΪԷҲòǰ׳գա˶Է⣬дΪмԴ˼㡣
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ںҽмۣò㹻ʯˣжϳͣСӣ㲻طģⵢḶ̌ԼλˡȨŶԷ
żֲ֮⣬һ˿Բɱ
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ôٸʮһǧ
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ԣ뵹һ
زҼмۣƶԷ


077 Ц
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ݶףӼۡ
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ԵŮӣһһ֣ŮӵԸн˷ܵ˼㡣
˼ˣһ壬ضڡ˵
ķһʧôУǱҪ뿪Ľѹŭ˫üһЩǵʵ
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078 ⣬
õѼЦˡ
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ȨһЦĽȻ˵
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߶ʱȥһɱҪ죬߼˶ʱϲ۵ŨŨ֮ɫ
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һңе˶ǳϻ̳Ͽ֣󺰴УޱȻҡ
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һվͺһɽѹȫ˴η塣



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ǣ˲Ϣ֮䣬չĻһ֧顣
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ĸоһ̰ȵĿ⣬׷ϡ
ⳡңһı磬Ϯÿˣ̹ǡ



080 ֱӻһҵ
϶ڣƴɱе˿֡
ҵ˼㣬ϯǳء
Ψаеˣ˼ŶԷ
ǰᵽıԴϢʲô
ĽվƫƧ䣬ƽĿűȺʵ
ڵ㣬û֪ıҪȻˣ¿͸һЩ
ĽɵʻЩȤĻص̶
ıԴϢϹźʱڵ򵥵˵سΪ֮ӵֻϹʮ
ʮǺʱӵеǺıԴ֮Դ֮ǿʵڵıԴ֮Դϴشֻ֮ʣǿͬıԴ֮ʵ
֪ЩʲôıԴ֮ΪҪغʦ̤˾磬һЩԽʱյ飬ЩҪ֪ģ˵ˣҲǺѽԺΪˣȻͻˡ
Ҫ˵ֱӿֹ¶һ˿ɣζ
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ĿصĿǰ治ʦᶨ˵
ҲˣǽΪҵĵˣҲڣҲԼΪһ˿־ɱħͷ
ѵĽɼʱһֿĴһЦ߳ɱ
СעܾˣŴү鲻ԹԽֵǮҰƨɴ򿪻
󺺿ŽĽɣһ䡣
Цݣ̬ȣһĻʶĸо
ĽĿ⵭ȻŴ󺺳ªҡͷ̾ϢҪ֣ȴԴϡ
Ҫɱ棬ʵսлܶ౦ֺҲֵѧϰĵط
Ľɵ˵ͷŴ󺺣赭д˵
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ȻѰ·ôȪ֮ѹ϶
һŭӴڱŭһ
У˲գ۹ϱ֮ǰһ
Ӵͬһɽռ䣬ҫԶԶȥһͷɫޡ

󺺵ͺһһĽ͵ػӳһȭ
ȭɽԶԶʮ֮
źХľȭĽɫ䣬͸һ˿棬ǳǳһЦһΣʧԭء
ǿᣬ󣬵ٶȽЩԸ
СӴѷӡ
ɱ֮Ȼֻڣս벽ԪõĻر
ĽૣŽ󺺣
󺺼ȻʧȻĽɵŭһǿй
֮Ѿջأֻзʧ
ΪһʵսŻ˲ϵϮĽɡ
䣡
һ¡𣬽˫Ŀͨ죬ŭתʹýǽںȻ
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Сȥɣҵˣ³ֻлȪҲ⣡
һŭ𣬽ɫȭȻ£ֱĽؿڡ
һȭһȭͰԵ
Ľɱһ㣬󺺷Цţȭͷ£ƺѾһѪģʬ壬Լǰ
һû˿ͨûаѧϰĵطֱӻһҵɡĽɵУǲм֮⡣
Ľޱ飬վڽ󺺵ĺ棬ŶԷĹյأ֣кڹӿֶ
һ˲䣬Ľʧԭأٴγ֣Ѿ˽󺺵Ϸ
һжˣ㲻ңҲɱ㣬
Įɱ
ûвҽУûк
ڽŵĿУĽֳƣ˶ԷĲ
һ̣󺺻ֱصĵ˵ϣ˫۵ɴвʣп־塣
ÿζеĻƸɾ䣬Ǳ׶˼ǿ߲ĻᣬᣬҲ޷Ϊն϶Էӵʱ˼Ѿ͸ˡ˵
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¶ãȴû
˼о洦ڽ״̬
ڵϣһƬս˳϶ǣҲᱻ׷ϣ̶һƴɱ
̰һ棬Զ֪塣



081 ˻᲻˵ڶ
λѣ̫һŲʲôΪѴҡ
ֻҪһϣ۵һƷ
̫һΪһǰƬռ䡣
ʮƣûав֮⣬ȴðеɫ䡣
û뵽Ϲ϶УȻ̫һšȣǺӵһֺڳԺڵĹѵǾͲ𹫷𣡡ĪаŶˣЦڣгм֮ɫ
Īѣγԣ֮£ͷв޹
̫һŲĪΪУĪѿԳȫ
ɫһƬڣȴ̫һŵİκ˵
˭֪̫һûͷû뵽öʤݾͷ飬ġĪа䣬ߣ¶ɫ
ĪģҪôߣ˵һߣҪִ£򡭡
һŭӰߵ˵һ룬ȴֹ
˲أÿ˸˼ĿŶԷû˳֣Ҳûȥ˫ٶ뽩֡

䣡
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ѪƮ䣬Ⱦ˵ߡ
һŨŨѪζԲġ
̫һţǡ
ãܺãȻɱ⣬ȻˣĪĳҲͲٷϻ
λڵȣǲκλڣԴУƴһս
ĪаһͺȣսѾȼ
һǿıɱʼϿա
ĪаҵȲΪУ֣жʤ㡣
̫һţԸ޹ʵǿߣҲƱϡ
˵ˣͬЭôˡ
κĹһЦһŭĪа̶ɫһ
㡭ǵ޲磡Īаŭǣҧڣ¶һ˿޿κΡ
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µˣȫһģֶԿǿУǾԲܵġ
޹أھҪȥѵȻĿ䣬Ŷˣ˵
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ŰߵľٶȻһЦЩζ˵
ĽĿǰһӣһΣ͵ĻӳһƣâƣԷûа㷴ֱӺ䵹˵ϣ΢һϢ
ǰˣĽ΢΢̧ףɨһۡ
ȥҲûаٷ֮ٵİվǣðգ羲ɡ
ңǵʵȫԼһʱ䡣
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˿̣ǰңŸĴ󺺣Ŀͬٴһ㣬Ͼ¶ŨŨη塣
ĽɵԣһƬСտУһ߾ʬ壬ѪɺӣȾ档
ƴ϶ȣλúۣܲȴһɴ̱ǵѪζ
˻᲻˵ڶΣ
ĽɫһΧǰļˣ˵
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λѣһϣɱƽ֡
Сһвٱ
ƴɱôãȻʣ࣬ұԥɱ
˵꣬ͺͷ󺺸߰һȻĽɳɱΪΪʳǺŲĵο޴ƸǰջȻʧȥǡ

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ŨҺڹ޾ڰ˼ˣĽɿˣûа㲨ȻΧһӡ
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г壬ȴް壬Ľû˿ݣս֡
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ը֮Ѫɫ˲ȾƬС
յĺܺãﵽ֮󣬿ԽʱͨᱩǣɱආںʲˡĽɵı֣͡
һǾ仰˲ңҲɱˣƾʿ̫ˣʦѿţôԿʤ˿ڶ಻ʤĽɻǰȥűʬ壬ƺϰߡ
ΨһӦģΧŨѪζ
κģҪôߣñ֪Ů˾ԲŹȣ̽һ̬ŭ
ٺ٣ӣŮͲˣһѾǰ֪
ھϷ֣ɱռСҲеκηա
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ݶ׷һЦŰеİߣǹ֮ɫ
˵꣬Ļ˻֣һȺڡ
ȫֱκǰΪֹ
סؽҪ֮ûл


082 ˣɱ֮
䣬ҽ
һƬƬѪȺʮӰϵȺд
ǻɷ죬ɱ˻һ㣬ոһʻ
Һ֮صƬռ䣬ĽĿһЦݶףŭȼкâͳ
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Сӣɱֱӹȥ˭֮ŭ˵
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ǹһĨЦԶĽɣ֮Ũ
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Ľͣ½Ų΢΢̧ͷգŶߴĲҽУԼڵ϶ǣѾ޼һ㣬ɱ¾Ѫʬ壬ŵƴߣӭȻǻȪ
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ĽɸоԼ壬ƿأָоѾϰߣȫ֮УԼһ㣬ֻĬȻĿһС
ȫƿ壬һĨаЦݸĽɵϡ
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083 ǵԴһ¿߹
У۶ţս֡
ѣ²ò˵һ䡣
棬̫һƿ֮С
ҵҲƴɱ˵ɣô
һ˳гš
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ǰϢŭ̫һΪʵ࿴÷ҲֻǴһ¶ѣǰȻҪԻ˫ַϣֻǰҪ˺ҵ÷Цһް⣬ӴȡһɫԲʯС
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վԵ꣬ݾ˲֮ɫ
ǽ˸Ϊ̤ڿС
û취ⶼǶԷԤıõģҪֲֻܹ㣬û뵽Ϊ˴Ȼ˵ھŵĳϣʵǿ֣ǹһˣǸ˺ģ°£Ҫܵĥ̾һϲ֮ɫŨ
ֻεĵ˵ͷĽɵĺѾ裬·һֱûжֵķ֮ˣԽŭ

ʦȻǰ̫һŵָʾжŽ񡭡һɫ۵ӣԵһλߵ˵
ұ죬ǲǲˣ̫һŵֻЭӲûаᣬֻ̽Ϣ׼ȷԣ㶫У˵Ҳ޺ȻʲôҲҪ˵Χⷢʣʱҿûʱ㡣ߵһۣ˵
ŵĻһ˿˵䡣

÷̾һ˵ĿУĽ֮׸κġ
ɫԲʯУκĿ֮һϲֲͣĸм˼㡣
Ѿ㣬ҵǲǿˡĪаͳߵĿ⣬
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ðɣȻˣϷҲǷϻΪ˷ϢȫҪ𣡡κɫ˲䣬һǿ˲ﵽһֺȻز
Īаɫ䣬κˣԷһ롣
̫һţǹȻҰģӣĶ׸ˣƽʯջ˴֮˵УĪаͺһɢһƴӡ
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Ӱû˵׷׳ǰȥԷչһƴɱ
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ɫµĽɣ¶һĨЦ⣬Χˣǲм
Ще˵޳ܣɱ˶ᱦĶˣɱ֮ǰöԷģټǵԴһ¿߹Сӣ˵ǲǡ
սپɣ̫ãûʲôôĽɿһ˿
СˣòҵӵĸоǼ׳ְɡһĽɵ壬һЦ
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ͬ޹Ȼȴ㡣
ȱһ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼ룬ñͶһܣ



084 ̫
䣡
ͬʱŭһɰ纣ʱϯǡ
еˣɿֲֲ̿
֪Сɣ
Цһ֮¶š
¶ɭЦݣ޼ɵĿΧˡ

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ʱҷ֮˲߽⣬ұػһɢ
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ҪսپܸԼһߵʱ䡣

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ţһٻӰȥ÷
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£죬һ˲ǰ
찵һһֳצһץסԷӡ
ȥ
һ¡һ쳾
챻ݺݵİڵ棬о壬һ˿
ſʦܣ
ͺһŭ𣬲һֱĽɸȥ
ųɱߣվԭأЦ죬һâͺ𿪿ڡ

һȭѪ꣬ƮȻ䡣

һУ쳹˷
ܵȫסˣ˭Ҳ޷š
Ϣ䣬һһ裬һߣɫҰףɢĿⱯĹڵϣ˲ʧȥս־
ʵе˻ǸеһΣϣԷһĿԼôȴԼĽǻȪ
Լѡ·ֲñˡ
ĽɻɵУ·ߣ䡣
ɨһ۳ˣûа֮ͣ⣬תҪȥ
˵أѾûȥıҪˡ
ģһͻأĺɫ
ݼСֶιȻ˷Ϸôʱ
գϷҪܵ޾ĥܽȥŭ𡣡
ҪǵѪϴˢϷ裡
ŭ֮һһӰ˳
ǾݲȻһǱ


085 Σ
λѣȫ֣ĸ̫һŵˡ
һָǸûаʤ㡣
÷Ȼһ輸¡
һɫ⻪Ϊһ֧֧Ŷ˼ȥ
˫ֲϱãεˮ۳ˮ˻һֱ̫һŵɱȥ
䣡
Ĺʹ˱ˣԽԽأвѪԣѾˡ
ȣϷ̽ǰ֮ˣͳͳɱ÷Ǹ£Ҫĥ
κһǱ֮ɫưܲȥһؤ
İ׷쳣ңޱȷŭɴŮӵĿУɱ
⼸³ңЩʵ΢ʦ
ǺӵĶ˻ѪɫҰףڴŴƼΪء
ڷȵɶǣѪɣֲ˼㣬»ţ˿ڴˡ
֮ǰıըԺɱԲʿȻܻһҵ컯ǿߣҲҪܵˡ
ɫѿɱڣܾ󣬴زѺۣƬݻΪ棬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʦ֣һҪɱ˴ˣʦܱ𰡡
·һߣǰһԲѣһȫ޵ߣŭָžҪȥĽɡ
ԣݱ쳣ϱһǿƣ컯ڵսȫͷųĽɵĺޣѾ衣
Ҳɱ֮ˣ׷ĺǣҲҪɢֻأŭһ˲ʧԭأֱĽɳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬λ߷һŭɫĿڵϵ룬Ǳ֮ɫӴڽȡҩԷС
Ҫȥôͬ޹ҲˣȻô̵ʱ֮ھͱȥһȺȽǰ飬õƽʯǹؼκĿŭĳɱȥ͸һĨڽ
һҽдϷһ̫һŵʿܵش˲䱻ڵء
κɫһ۹ĵ֮䣬ɢΪϯ˷
ҪˣλСġ÷˫ͫһŲˣ¶ּɵ֮ɫ
һŭͺӺ󷽴Ľȼս
żս棬´Ѿܲסʼ˾̮
һϴһȫĽƯڰա
Ľɺ񣬾Ҳһô
ʵ̫࣬ĽɣҸеء
ſеĺӣ˼֮С
˼֮ʣһ紵οƿһ˸ʱҪɢ
ݶףʲô˼
¶أǰһЦӣ
ӣΪʲô˼ôõĻᣬ˵һЩʲô
ٰĽܾˣǣ˺ûȤҰװ˷ôʱ;
գôõĻᣬȻ
ݶ׻ȵĿ⣬Ľϣ޼ɵɨɨȥ˼Զ
üһ˲˪һ˿â
ӣҪ˷ˣ֮㣬˾֪顣
ʱʱ̶̿ʧٶԶʮ
ս֮УյĻҪ죬ôҶǹԹ־ܰɡ
ݶһЦĿΪһзͽ͡
ݶһڵģݼҲΪ㣬ܵǣ˵纮һ̹ǣһķĸо
Żңٲһףˮ֮ʱ㽫Ϊռҵĳ裬ݶһЦǰɫЩЦУֳץ˹ȥ
һһɫɿӿγһ赲ݶ׵Ľ
ݶ˵ĺܶԣ֮кܴ㣬ÿʱÿ̶ʧӵʵˣֻвֲʧٶȡ
ƳѾļˣû֪˶ʹ࣬ڼ֮УܾЦҪˣԣҪ˾еҪ
޷ֵݶ׵ĹԷӵƺڵʵԷֻǳڣҲǶ֣Ϊս̫죬ֻӲȥȴ̿
ȫֵ̫һʿķ񹥻ģղſݶ׺֣ȥȣǶֵĲȴǲᡣ
ݶף쵰һͷҶȫ塣ţϹԽԽͣİ˲Ϻˣ֧š

һžķŭ
öʤɣȻ͵ϮֶΣǵݶ
ĪаɫؿڽѪѹŭ˵
شһҺĪаоؿһʹѪ˳ڵһ㣬˳Ƶɳȥһξ֮ǿסΡ
˿̣ĻУ֣һʢֶϷ÷Ȼվ˫ֲϱãŮһȣԽʵʣҽת
Ҫʩչͨûᣡ
κĿŶԷһһָӿֶһСг֮С
̫һŵĪаɫ԰ףڴϢţһ˿塣
ҽУٴ
һ˶ȻεѪɢ䣬λӿԵȥ
²ȥѪһһĿȥ
Сķʿ͵Ϯ
̴һ䣬죬ŭΪİΣ̲סЩģһ󾪺һǿṥϮȫϡ
ۣ
ѪȾ촽ǣһףйҲͣ
ߵֽ𰣬׹䣬һˤ˵ϡ


086 ˭ɵ
㣡
䣬ŵڵϵ̣һ
ݶЩĵ¶Цݡ
˫ֿٱãһɹ͵˲ȫ
ˣˣ
ݶЦһֳǰһָа綾һ㣬Ϯȥգۼ䣬ǰһˮƻε֮˲Ʒϡ
ͺһһĨʺ죬岻·׹䡣
ɫ԰ףǰһڣֱӻԹȥ
ݶ׿ĽӰ׹ȥл֮ɫŨ
ˣһ
ͷ뱾УҶҪܾ衣
ʱռҵˣֻأ
£Ц̶Ų׹ķȥ
Ʋ椺Ѿͷˡ
û뵽ǵʵôñʧ
شΣ̺Щʧ˵
ǲҲҪǡ
ϻйʼĹϢ˵Ҫ
Ľüͷ̬أ۵¶һ˿ġ
Сӣ㲻Щô
ҿϲС˰ɣ˵ʵȷ
һˣʦ˵༸˫޵£ҲǺ顣
ڿ˸Ц˵꣬ſڴЦ
ͷЦĳǿ
ҽץУҪǣ
񷿴ǰͻȻֵĺӣŭֱ죬޲ýʬΡ
Խÿγ֣޷һ㣬ĺ쳹˷һɫâȫϹսһ㡣
ôʱ䣬Ҳʱˣʲôͨʩչ򣬿ɾûлˡĽԷĹżϷʣҰڳһơ
ŭױλʦ֪ȻѾȥ˾Ԯ£ȫΪǰ֮ģɱ֮ˣشֵܣԣ˱Ҫ
˫͵һ˷Х
ͷɣ۹ĵݣţҫۡ
Ŀ⣬Ľϣ˫˲ʮдʣâ˿Ӷ
һ˲䣬˿ıɢѹ˿ѷ˹ͬʩչһ
޷࣡
ͺһâ˸֮£øӴۣⲨһ㡣
СϷҳ̫࣬Цˡ
ЦһǰһУԷɢĿֲѹ
֪С֮࣬ҵҪ㻹ܲЦóŭһ˫־ۺϣһƣĽȻһָ
˿ʼֱĽλóȥǰйУϽ֯һһѾͽɫȻγɣҪվĽɡ
е˼ǣԶԶ
Цһûη壬Ӳ˷ϺɫֳȭһɺɫΧȭͷ棬Žɫ޽Ȼһ

Ľɵľٶ͸â¶Цݣһеƾһȭ֮Ǿ޷Կġ
Զκģ˫üһ壬ж˲ͣŽɫ޽һɫӰŲʼȥ
ͬʱеˣ׷ԶǣͨԺ䣬ֲԻء
ɲǣɫ޽ٽĽɡ
ȭһ
״ЦһһȭӳͨȻײ
䣡
һĿâƬռ䣬˲Ӳӵģ
˴Χ̮зȫ߽⣬ҳ˷
϶ǣڽâ֮£˲һԨ
ڼԲ֮⣬ΪһƬޡ
ݳŹһЦܡ

ЦУ̤ޣѪ۳٣˺ۣѪ죬ʱ˿̣ʹվֹסĿЦƷ˷һ㡣
֪ͽЦôЦˣ
һֻϣҲ뱾棬治
һȭ֮Կֱ֮࣬ԾĹһǸɵӣ
·һƬ棬еķ֮ɫ޷ڡ
ѱ˴𣬿ϲɺأǿЩָƣϷһǰ鷳κЩǱĳ˰У˫ۣЦݡ
÷ĪамˣԻκġ
ݶס̺ӰѾ֪١
һЦûа⣬Ӵȡö˵ҩ׼֮ʱһֻĲ֮ϡ
һƣȪ
һı
ڶԷУĶߴһĻ
ڣ˭ɵӣ
ɴ˫ʣһ죬Żں벻
κɫ䣬һƬأԶûаƵĺӣһĨŨŨľ壬˿ֲ֮£ܺˣʵѾԽеˣԼ
Ľ䣬ɨһ۳ÿһˣŽ·棬һΣ˲ʧԭء
ݶףӲ
ף̺صƬա
ڷߵݶףȻоһζʱһͣ˫ɴǰϳ˾壬š
ǰ֪ʲôʱһͦӰȻվ
ĽƽݶԵŮӣ¶һĨǳЦ
öһ⵹ǽʡ˲ʱ䡣
Сˣԣ·ڻˡ
δȶԷģݶ׾ıУĽһһָüģѪӿ𵱳
ǰˣһӣŮ˲ڰУ漴̾Ϣһ
ΪСӣų־ǵġ
һҪúñǧñʧ


087 Ϊʲôǵ˼·
ƽʯҲһöȥϱڡ
ȻϣȻܴպ΢һó
һˣһХһΣ˲÷ǰ
ֱ࣬һеŮӡ
ƽʯҿ㲻ɳв
÷üһһʱɣǰɫ԰ףĿ⽹ˣҧҧ˵
ǰԳȣҵȰȻӳؽƽʯ˫ַϣްٻ֮⡣
Ľԣ޲ãתκĶŶվ
κļ״ɫ粻ǰĺӣ˵
ѵµҪ̫һΪôؿǡ
Ϣ֮ڣආʧҵУɱ⣡ĽɳƣŨŨɱԶ
κɫ˲ȥ
ûɣصţҲҪܵطԣվ
Ǻӵͷȵˣ˼֮⼫Ϊԡ
ˡ²ܴӦѡ
κͳδ˵꣬һһֲѹϮ
ţһֻʮɴСĺɫȭͷ֮Ȼϡ

һҺУѣΪһ̲Ѫˮ
˵ʵߣҲŹ㣬˭ôš
Ľɵһ˿ϷʣһУĴ뻳С
ǺӵĶ˿֮һæóϴϣһ̵ˡ
ȵ³ϣɫһ󣬶´ת뿪
÷ǰһĻûаԥӻͳһɫʯ͵ĽУЦƮȻתȥ
¼˾ˣȥ
ʮֻȻһЦߵˣ̬˼ڽ
Сӣǿʵľ޴Ƹ
˵·ңԶ
䣬з紵Ѫȡ
˲ƸʵѪܵɱ¾
һ̾ϢԶȥ

ڣԺ
ĽԼķڣЩεĿǰŮӣƽȴǷһ˿Ц
ĽɣҲ⼸նû뿪š
껹˵һֱ飬һǴͨˣһƭң
üһĽɵϣš
㣬߰ɣʦѾ֤ˣһֱ顣
˵ʵ⣬ġ
ңķУ˿ָǷˡ
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СӣһǸУʲô
ֻôΪҪҵˡ
̫һŵҲỳɵϣϾڵĵҲˡ
һӰǰһԵԺ֮С
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ĽпЦЩɻʵ
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գ̣͵źԶĵطֱ֮Ӱǹϵв£֮ֱٵˣ֮ٵķţֱװ鼮
ʱһ͵˯ϢϢ˶㣬ǣװһܳʱ䶼ӡ
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̣аΪƽϢŭֱӿڡ
Ľʦֶ̿飬ҿ֤
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ĵӣǴѧϰİпҪ泤ϣν
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νˣȥɡ
ĽɵĮ˵ӻȡʮֻСһĴ
ǿϸ鿴һ£Щжʲôˡ
ǹճһĨǳЦĴ򿪵һɫڴ

ͬһʱ䣬ڷڣ̸
ãһݲȵӣ˵ѡ
һɵģȥ϶УʵΪ
ǣΪôСӵʵҲЩֲ̫˰ɡ
ڴߣǿ϶˵ͬʱ͸һ˿¡
¶΢Ц΢΢ҡͷߵ̵ߣ裬ݸԷһԼһڡ
ôҲãҲãǶûа㻵
ΪĵǰʼĹ֮УܷҴϲ
ָоĿ԰ҵ˾
˵꣬Ż˼е̣Цڡ
ˣ㣬ҪˣҲûʲôʧ
ȴ£Ӧö̫һŲȡһЩжѾʼˡ
ԣ΢΢һ䣬Щ
һεľٶ̫һȷʵЩ֣κμҲҪ̫һųʲô˲飬Ѿ˼峤ŮδұȻҪת
ҲѾ˽㣬츮Ҳ˷Ӧ
ŲñóͬҲ˶
ͨңһ̫һŵĶΪ
ˣ˵ͷ
ĬĬԣ໥һۣͬʱЦˡ


088 Ϊˣʵɵ
ʣµĶʯûʲôˡ
Ľڵϣҡҡͷдһߡ

ڰգǰһɢСƿӣһЦ
ĽȻ˸¶ϲվϸĿȥ
â֮һɫƿһɹɾɢһͳ쳹ĶߣĽϲøŨ
û뵽ݶĵõ˴
һǷԸ»һҵ´˵ˣ̶ᵽеġ
벻ȴǱǣ˭Сɫ̫أ³
ŲмݶûаøС
Ľɿеһ˿˿оУ˺档
˵Ҫηã
йϹŵҩ÷಻ͬһĽ֪ġ
ʱ򣬾Ϳصҩķ֮಻ʤһͷۡ
һ˵׳ջֱӷãжգַҲǲȷģֻղֹЧǿﵽ֮ǿȣ׳ꡣ
ϸĽ⣬Щֻ֪֮ˣ˼ֳЦ
̤磬֮
ԽҩЧȫ̶֮ڣ÷
׳ģֻΪŻὥǿ侳ʦԴ֮ӵв֮Ϊ쳣ǿȻҲܴȥ
ϸĽĽҲǼΪ档
ѾΪֻһӵôʯȫԽɱ׶Σʱ򣬱ضͻƵڣ֮߶֮
ĽĻ΢΢ͷ¶һ˼֮ɫ˿еСƿ
²˳٣ھͿʼɡ
ԣǰ˻Σ˵
ȵϣٳȥʱȥ֮⡣
УһЩʣϾʮʯ֮ҲһܲС籩
У˴ʩչɱҪúܾõʱ䣬˵ҲҪ£Ͼͻ֮󣬻ҪΪЩҪӦɱ壬һλ¾ҪֱǰʼĹˣԣǵʱܽȡ
һһ˿ء
ĽˣɵüͷһҪȥʱ䣬ȷЩ̫ˣֻԤƣܲܰʱ˵ΪʼĹҪϻ
ǿĹؼ֮Ϊ˰ΪԼ
ǿҸо빬޺ԼӣԽԽˡ
Ŵº⣬Ľ˫УһĨء
ҪģΣ߻Ұ
ƮߣأŰοһ䡣
ҲԶҵߡ
ԼӵǱǿĹؼһ㣬Զ޷Ϊǿߡ
ԣұ뾭ΣĿ飬һһӡᵽ۷
Ľҡҡͷ˫üչ䣬͸һĨִš
ǿ֮·ûֻ
ůůϣۣһʱ޻
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ûȷڸǣǸС椹Ȼˣúܽ
ûйϵѾϢ޷ȷǲ㡣
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֣Ľɣ·߹ȥѲ͵͵ܳȥԼĵӣ
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¶һĨЦüͷչ˵
û뵽ĽСӻ͵סӣڷôãҲգһҹ㲻¶
ԶȥӰרעע·䡣

Ϊ˰ʵɵġ
ֻһЩ֮ɢԺŪһʱ䡣
ʣµ·Ҵߣⱻ˿ڶһЩʡ
Ϊ˵˵ĽɣΪһɫ磬ӿնȥ
һ޴Ѩ֮УĽɵ建£ΧһУԸо档
طǷԲǧ֮ڣѵĲ֮ɢҲע⵽ģԣ˴ʺĵطĽɾȵı飬Ľһ
ѨʪҲûаζ
ҹ磬ȥоʮˬ
ڶѨһªʯңĽ˵ȴΪʵá
ˣڵһ״̬ȻҪɱһٶȣҪס˺ÿ춼Ҫܾ޴ʹ࣬ܲסĽΣԶԶҪԪʧֲٱص˵
ұ뾭Ḷ́ʹ඼ܲȥҲûмȥıҪѾ̤ǿ֮·ұ㲻ڡĽƽĿ㣬ûа⣬ΪԼѡ
û˵ǹһתâ
䣡
ʯ֮ڴ¡֮˲Ϣ䣬һ򵥵̨Ȼǰ
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Ľ˼䣬ʾĽϥ£ǹһâӿ֣ʱ׼ʼɱ䡣
ĽɾĬ˹ȥϥʯ̨棬һƬ͡
׼ˣԿʼˡ
Ŀƽ˵
£һâХֱĽü֮С
üĴһɫӡǸֳ²ðѪâ
һ̣Ѫâ˲ѨɭȻɲ



089 ɱ
ҹţѻ֦
찵ڣİâѪˣϯѨ
ѪâԴԴϵĴüĴɢĽȫ
̶Ƭ̹ĶͷðƬˮݸ˲԰ס
ʹϮҧ֣Ʒ֮ˮһ㣬񱩶ѪâʼĶͷ棬ֳһѪͼ
һͺ𣬺ǹȻǹ֮ϣǺɫӿĽһӶ޾ͬ˳˲ȫ
Ľɻ뼫ʹ֮Уҽ֮г֮࣬ʱ

һͺĽͲסĽ˳
֮Ķɽʯ׹䣬ѪâЩʵԶԶȥȫðѪ
ɫѹѪââĽڡ
Ѫâ壬Ľɫף˲üĴĹӡǣҲԽ
˲ǰϼӿ֣ĽɵΧ鲼ʯ
ĽɸоѪâÿνڣ֮еͻ׳һЩȻԺ֮һ֮﷢ζæʹ֪࣬ͻƵĹؼʱˣ
һŴڣݲֹΪܹ޹ĽȫΧǰʯһͺȣʯȻѣһɹŨΧ
Ľ˫һŨʮճʼ
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090 
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Ľɵʱһ˫̤䣬Ȼѹѡ
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һУٴγҰһ㣬޴ȭӰٴκ䡣
Ľâһͦǰ̤һȻ֣Ѫâӿȥ
գۼ䣬ĸֳһСУͨѪ죬ת
ȻǾٿһ㣡
ĽڣһǿĺȻɵñ
׿Ӵʧɫ޴ǣǰȥԼһסΣһȭ棬ҧֵ
Һƴˣ
׿¶Ȼâ˫ֽƣĽɿ񱼶ȭѸףһ¡
Ҫƴˡ־˵лһ˿͡
ʱ˿̣Ҳŷ֣ԼĽɵĲԶ
ԳһЦҡҡͷ˵
ܰ׿ӱƵϣ޷аҲ
ܹ˼٣ĽɵʵԶԶңҸʰ·硣
ǣԽǿᣬԽǸˣһĶ֣ź
԰գг˷ܣŨŨս⣬¶ʵôֲҲ¶ֵıƣֻ¶ԷʧսܣߣҲųܣȴߡ
ʤܿҪˡૣƽûа㵣ǣⳡӮû˿ϵ
׿һȭĽɵϣһҫĿⱬ˲ûЦݡ
ĽһĨЦٵĹϣֳƣŶԷһץ
ս˭ˣ˭Ͱˡ
Ӳӽâٴ̨־ȻʧԭأӰҲʧˣΨվԭأĿƽĿһС
һ޴ӽâ׿ӵķŭд
Ľɣȥɣ
ߣӦԷֻһмߡ
ǲǲ
ޱȴ̶
䣡
һ̣һ޴󵹵֮ص䳡
ĳ֣еרע۾һգգĿž̨
Ϊڳÿһˣ֪ʤߣ˭
־վھ̨Ͽգ·޴̳¶һ˿ɻ
ߣһЦʾҪҪȥ鿴һ¡
ʱʤҪֻҪ˵ӻȥƾͿˡ
־ҡҡͷ˵
ԣε̾Ϣһųб仯
⽥ɢȥǣ̨ŨŨ̳֡
ᣬ̳ƮɢһģӰӣ֪Щʲô
һ󼱴ٴϢǵӰȻһ¡
̳ȫоеˣЩ°͡
ĽɻѪȴƽֱӣջ֡
ˣ
Ľ£׿һȻţ˿ֻ΢ĴϢ֮ǰƣ֪ȥ
ˣ
һƽƽĻ䳡ʱһȻ
е˫۵ɴһĻʵġ
콾׿ӣˣܸһ֮㡣
չб仯һʤ֮УĽɡ
Ӣţʤ


094 һս
ĽվӣһѪ
Ϣ˲ήңӲܿƵĵȥ
ʱ̳ˣѾƣ˼㡣
ˣȥ˰ɡ
־ųı仯̲ס¶Ц
û˵һ̨棬˫üĽɷ
ȥ׿ӣŶԷƣɵĵһ
̶ĿһԵĽɣ˵
СĽݡ
һץ׿ӣɿ뿪ء
ΧһƬݾ󣬳־ͷ۲ѣԴһԹ
ģǴˣ̯ӸңҪҵĽడ
ԹУֱתȥ̣ϿЦŨŴãеĵǣɫһһ
ӣˣȫ°ʰ
Ѵ󲿷ֵӣֵȺתһ̵ɢȥ
ȻҲ˻ԭվţЩȫ澪ˣû־Ļ
ֻÿŸڳ½ڵָʰս
һսĽһڣ̵һս֮
ʱ䣬ٴսʤ׿ӡ

һչһ¥ڡ
һŮΧһԲţÿ˵϶һ˿Źֱ顣
׿ǸȻˣаһӣһм˵
˵˼Ƿ׿ӽ֣ѵаٷְٵİʤôͳһ˿Ц
山˵ʲôһ򲻹ôаȻһŭԱһڽӡ
ǰһ㡣
ڣв豭£Ŀɨǰһۡ
ǹǳܵģ׿սܵȷЩԾȴΪռһЩҪϢԼĽɵʵ
ĽɣΪĮӴ˾̣Ψһһȥε
츮ԭӵڣƣһս֮ɥʧȫΪֻµʱ䣬ٴλָԭΪٶ֮˾ǣЩص㣬صʧ¡
ǰĬˣŮվһתŴա
ʧٵʱ䣬û֪ȥ֮ʵǣ׿Ӷܸµʱٶȣʵ˾̾
սΪȴܻܺڣǷǳֵעĵط׿ˣǶԷеƣڶܺӴ˵Ĵڡ
ǧҪĽɷͻ˵ԸҺ˽⣬ֻҪȥǣǾͲ˿鷳һ׿ֻϵùˡ
һ˵꣬΢΢תףĿ˼аһۡ
׿˺ˣȥҶԷô죿аŶԷĿ⣬һݣæת˻⡣
ҪȥǶԷôǵĺ顣
ңĽɺܲǣһӦñ
ƽ˿
ɽҷô죿һֱûпڵļĪȻʵ
׳յֵزˣҪ˭˭Ҫۡ
£ĴһĨЦ
˿Цݣͷðһ㺹ˮ׷׵˵ͷĬȻ
˵Ķ˵ˣûʲô£ǿˡ
ٴϣ΢΢̧һˮƮС
ͬʱ˵ͷ߳䡣
ȥŮΧһУ̶
Ľɣϵʲôܣֵôӡ
Ҷ㣬ԽԽˡ
ӣ΢¶һĨ΢Ц

ϣĽɴӻſ˫
δϸ۲죬һĶС
ˣоô
Ľûпڣٴα˫ۣ֪˵ǣ
ʩչ֮ڵ״ȷ޴֮˿
лл㡣Ľ˫տȻ
ˣӣӦòǺأúϢɡ
ҳȥһټ
һɫɴȹһֻÿɰϢվĽȻһЦ΢ƣ˳ȥ
ΧһУĽ֪ԭԼס
ߺ̾˿
ɡ
ĽڣϷȻ
һӰ˲ߣһԺ֮С
սı֣ܲ⣬㲻ʵȫڲ˵´
ɱȷǳǿ󣬵ҲһЩ
ҵ̫࣬ҲܵӰ졣
ңƱ¶̫࣬ûаô
Ľɿڰеĺɫǹ˵
ɣҳʲô°һתʵ
ܲǰʼĹɣмԼˣ㲻ƣҵ˵ҲҪ²ȫָĽϸһ˿ΣЦˡ
֪ڣαص
ƺһһâ˲Ľڣϵ˺ۿɼٶȿϡ
ֻܰô࣬Ϊ˲˻ɣǷôڵĵҩɣѾ׼ˣֻҪʱã֮ڻָ˵Ļɡ
԰գǹһΣ˲ʧ
ĽҡͷЦһӣһ޴ʹȫ
üּѵһڹһһɫСӸǰ
ĽɿŻɫӣȡһɫƿ
Ԫ
Ľɿƿϵּûаԥεƿһöҩ
һöɵСҩУɢŨŨһֱۣӶС
ɫڼһůӺӿ룬תһȦ֮뵤֮С
̣ʮĽоʹ٣˲¶ϲɫ
öԪȻЧ



 Ϊ


095 
Ľɽƿеĵҩȫֻʣö衣
ԥȫУ˫ȫҩ
ҩֶĽ˺ܾõĵ
ҲΪڷõҩĹУϸҩյĸɸɾĻжڵĳһ
ԵĵҩʱڲĶγһɿֲۻһ̶ȣǻᱬƻϹʱڣвʿֲ״
ʱȥĽɻſ˫󾫹ⱬ̶¶һ˿ǳЦ
ЩԪȻЧʡȥյƻָʱ䣬ҩϡ٣ҩЧѾγɶڼȥЧǿʲô֮
Ľɵૣ֪ҩԶˣԻָƣҲм
ǣʱޣȥպΪ׳֮ȫ԰ڶѹɢ
ӴȡСһɫĴƿЩƿĽɫ΢΢һ㶡
ǰʮƿĽɲɵЩɣû뵽Լô൤ҩ˿Լƣ̾˿
ҵĵĵȷЩˣѹûа⣬ԼƹЩҩͿȫָ˵һЩʵֲõҩԶ˻ô˲ͣãϾΪջ̫󡣡
֮ǰᣬΪչᣬº󻹷ɱ˶ᱦɴ˿ɼҩʦҪ֮ƴɱжһöҩ͵ڶһűƣȣµЩֵһˡ
鵤
衣
ɢ
Һ
ǰָƣĽɸеЩͷۡ
ȫϸӦ̺ǿ
󣬷ֱ˼ƷʼѵĵҩµȫŻشУеƿҩĽ£Ȼ˫üһ
һ˲䣬еҩ봢֮УҲ
ЩſˣһİӰС
һ׽£ֻ˿ףٷ̣ĺ覴á
һͷɫ㷢Ȼ˫磬˫񣬾Ͷ䣬ɢһɰȻϢ
ǰ˫̣ͦΪһӡ
Ľڿʱ򣬺Ȼִˡ
ŮмƣѵҲҵˣ
һ˿ɻУĿ⵭ĮĿŶԷûа
ҽ棬ͬΪˣáŮߵĽɵǰ΢Цڡ
򵥵Ľܣݡ
ңʲô£ĽɿŮӣɫʵ
˵ɱ¾鵺ʶ֮ǰæһֱûʱ
֪׿дˣ㡣
ЦӴȡһ°ɫƿ˵
Ҷеʥ˺ЧҲҴһ⡣
ĻĽûаܾĻᣬղҩʱĽɱܣǶԷ˵һ仰˫üһ˿ڡ
ѣһսжԼܾԷҩ൱ڲӡ
˼Сᣬ鲢޶⣬Ľֻ΢΢˵ͷ
תһ䣬лˡĽɵ˵
һģúҾͲˡ
˵꣬´ƿ΢΢һЦת˳ȥ
ߵȻûаߣûκ
ֽĽɴɻ󣬶ڴŮ˺ܴĲ⡣
Ůҩô򵥣ǺĿģֵ˼
ǰСƿһɵҩƮĽһţٸл
ȥľһŨŨɢ
ҩȻûƭҡ
ôĵҩֱͳ֮ûκ󡣡
ûж໰ﵽʲô˷ѽ⡣
ĽҡҡͷмƷҩԥ

ͬһʱ䣬صԼ֮ڣڴߣղŵľ¶һ˿Ц
΢΢̧صĿŴ⣬
ĽɵʶȻǿ󣬿ӱȻǰҵĴڣŻ㷴Ӧ
Ϊٶȼ죬ǿʶ֮ĽΪãһϧһ
ӦòΪƻȵҵļƻɹʱҼλöң
Щȫû֮ǰĴݡ
գлһâ
һ죬һ֪
ңֻһμļ̳ˡ
һӣԶûʸΪ

պһС
Сӣѵ㲻÷һ飬Ƿζ𣿡
ȴǳΡ
Ҵ𰸣ҾͲˡ
ĽɿΧӣЦڡ
ѾҰʮһˣҲش˰ʮһΣ㵽׻ô
ӰдȥֱײƾҪһ㡣
ȷشҰʮһΡ
ǣÿһζĸ֣оڻûо
Ľɲȥᱩߵεҡҡͷ
޾¹ȥôܼǵǸýָʲô˭ùʲô;
ͣӰĽֱ׳ĺ
㡭ĽҪڡ
ȻһͨľС
治ʱ򡣡Ľɿ̾һĿԶ
һŮӣĽɵУŮӵ˲䣬һĿŮԲ
ʱˣ߰ɡ
Ůǰ˵԰תһȥ
ϣǿԼסӦҵĳŵ
ĽɿŮӱӰ˵
ˣȻҲ
ͣ½Ų˿
ĽɳĬȥ


096 ̫Ž
ӭųӰһǰһǰС
ӡΣѲơ
˵طƲˣɾ鷳ˡ
ĽɿǰŮӣ˵
СӣںͱЦô
һֻҪ㰴ҵķȥѡ
ҪñԳҸұ֤ʮϢܸ㶨
ŵԺ֮С
Ľԣεĵ˵ͷֻţƾԼʵʼĹ֮Уûаְա
һֱǰţĽɲ֪ҪԼȥģѾ߳˺ɽڵķ򷵻ء
һƽ̹С·ֱͨţС·ԣĽ˾ɣ·ôûзֹ
ǲǰٳģ˴ֱ֮ͨһط߰ɣǡ
£̼ӿ˽Ų
ƽвͬĽɸоõЩ
ĽĬȻͷû˵󣬳ǰȥ
߳ŷΧ֮һӣһ˻ΪХȥ
ɵĺܼʱȻûľٶ֤һ£¡
Ľû˵ʱ˵ʲôûаôֻ񣬲õĽ
һʱ䣬Ľɸ·һϤŮӰ
·ŮӿǵӭȥĽȻһЦ
Ľɣǵˡ
˵ţ̴Ӱлȥ
ǸһֿɰоһϺɴȹԵʮʥࡢׯء
ڣûϸ㽲йʼĹ飬Ѿ֪ӡҲͲôҪˣǵҪʹ˲䵽һط
΢ЦĽɣڡ
£ָ֣ܷܷǰһָ
ʹǰ¿֮ǻֱӵִʼĹΧ
ʲô֪ˡ
ûж˵ʲôĬУн֮Ũ
ĽɵĮͷ󣬳ǰš
ǰУһƬƽԭǰѾԶ̣ԵЩ
ŮĽһɽ֮С
ݻӲݣضǣһƬɪ
վɽڣ̶һۣ˫Ȼͷ
Ů̧˫֣ǰͬʱɬ
һ̣˷ӿգۼ佫ɽȰΧ
쳾裬һɳһ㡣
Ľ˫üһͻȻı仯ĬĬԡ
ɽ·ġ
ǣҪôĴҲҪӵ龧
ǰ仯̲סЩ档
̳ɢȥĽɿǰ΢
ɽ֮£һ޴ͼǽ£ÿһ綼ɢžű鲼ɽȵͼĽɸоһɵѹ
Ǵʹ󡣡
Ž󷨣̶һת̵ϡ
㣬óǼɡ
һλᣬУǿ·ûˡ
ɫЩ䣬ĽһۣӴóһʯͷ
ʯ
ȻĽɵԺС
Ľͫһеʯͷκˡ
ںγɣӦҲ˵
ǣǰʯѾҪľֻܿδʹ󡣡
֮ͻͨʯͷһλᣬٴʧܣֻзˡ
һƬᶨǰ΢ƣȻվȥ
ɹʧȫˣ԰ˡҧź촽Ľɣ
ģһᾡΪĽƽ˵
һ㣬ʯͷһλȥ
ĽɿŽµĴʹ΢΢׳ǰȥ
֣ʾȥ
ָоʼĹ֮УһΣءΧΣ˵
ʯСǰܼӣôõı龧Ҫǧٱ֮ǰҲǿ֮̺һ˿бԴ֮νΪӽıԴĶ
һпܵĽеĲ̻һתΪŵ˵
СӣôǰǺ»бڣصġ
СѾͷˣб󣬰ٷ֮ٿõ˾
һγ󣬻еͷתģһûˡĽɣЦ˵
ĽɻػվڲԶֶ̣һ֮͵Ľɫʯͷ˽ȥ
䣡
ʹʱһɫâǵĽ±
ɽ˻ζһӴĻһ츴ӵķģڹĻ֮Ư󷨡
̽ʯӰаγת첽ߡ
һζΧĿת
շʧĻ׹ʢܾ˲ʧ
ĽɸоԼ޷ƶһѣθϯȫΧһжڲͣתЩŻ³
ǿס񣬺Ȼһ޴岻ܿƵĳǰȥƬ̼䣬һͷԵ˵ϡ
˻ԴЩѵſ˫ȴԼһİط
ĲԶ԰ףҲһǶڵϣɽȥЩ
һδЩȣӦʯܲµģµӦûǴһΣðȫ˵ط˿ϸ˵
ĽվĿһɨΧһƬɽ塣
ڵλãһɽС·ɽΧƣ֮⣬һ޴ʯ
Ľɻȥʯϵּһ
̫Žأ
Ȼתף̺δѯʣ̱û˵
ǶʤĴ׵ص̫ŽأʼĹ档
Ľԣë˲
ڶĴ׵Ҳһ˽⣬ĸطΪıǣ̫Žء


097 һ
ڴ£ѵӦýһ𣿡
Ľڵϣޱ飬ǰŮӣĮڡ
й̫Žص飬ûȺ˵ȷǲԡ
ǣ¸ˣҲȻɡ
һᣬӵվص
ĻشĽһʱ޷Ѿȥ׷壬ҪôȥҪô
ȻĽɿԻһҵǶˣȡʯ뿪ֺֻݶ飬
ңҲʧȥйʼĹϢȻŷḻ飬Ľû㹻İգǲóȻȥģϾΪҪġ
ڿ˵˵йʼĹ˰ɡ
ĽƽĿŮӣת˿ܾ󣬵˵
û⡣ԣһЦõ˵
Ů𪣬೤Ѿ˴ʹĲʸо
ȥ̫ŽأͬʱҲʼĹڡ
ָ֣ǰС·˵
߽ȥ󣬿ԿһжƣǰεжУѾȥһЩΧƣڶһĹ
˾ڵĹΧĹΧһӴ󷨣һֱ޷ͨ谭
ӡ󣡡Ľɵૡ
Щ飬վӣ§ڻ
󣬿Ľɵ֮Ũ
֪֪Ĺ˭
Уô֪ʼ漶Ĵڡ
Ľ˼Ȼʵ
ΪĹΧţ˵طʲô֪ˡڣ˵һͣŻе
Ľ˵˵ͷתǰȥͷҲص˵
߰ɡ
԰գǰУĬĬĸں棬ͬʱĽҪעĵط
̫ŽأҵԽˡ
ǴжʤΪյĵطΣ˷ʤ
Ľǰﰵš
֮ǰﲻ֡
ǵĳλ˵ľס֮أ֮飬ˡ
ʲôա죬Ż˵ģûκι飬Ϊġ
ο˻䡣
Σ˵طʲô֪ˡ
ʼĹһصĵط
ĽૣǸһ˿ǳЦ
ǰеʱͻȻ
ˣ
Ľͣ½ŲΧƽ̹С·˽ϱ֮ǰһЩȫûпκڡ
ʱɫһȻоǰһԼϯ
Ԫ󣡡
ĽɵԺУͻȻ
Χǻ仯ģʵĹǰֱ߽ȥͿԡĽЩɻ󣬿ڽһ
£ûаԥǰȥ
߳ʮ֮ʱ޺Ȼһ󲨶ǰ󽥽ģһҹӿ֣գ֮䣬ʧĽɵǰ
ΧٴλָƽĽɿǰС·˫üһԥҪҪǰߴٵصԺС
Сӣ㻹ڿʲô˼Ҷȥˣôȥ
ĹڣһűԪˣֱ֮󡣡
Ľԣҧҧ̳ǰһһ֮ǰˮŤģһҹȫһ˲䣬ʧ
ûʹûд͵ѣΡ
ֻǸоԼ壬Ʊһ˫ƣ˽ȥ
ǰһ׹˸Ŀޱȣһ׵ڳǰ
Ľ˿ΧһУڲԶĵط̺ڿ
ٶ
ƲƲ죬̬Щá
󣬲Ľ˵ڡ
ͨͨʼĹķˣںܶƣСһЩӦòᴥϾ֮ǰѾȥ٣µĽƣ˵Ӧòɡ
䣬ֱǰȥ
ҰŮ˰ĽҡҡͷһΡ
ˣ˼ҶĿ飬谭ȥӵƽӡʵһӱָӣСƣǺɵġ赭дԺ֮С
Ľ˵ͷųȲǰȥ
ƶҪߣһƵĻء
Ȼǰ߾Ųܱܿһˡ
Ľɵǰƶţ裬þǰٶԽԽ죬Ѿ׷ǰ̺
̿ƽӴض֮УлһĨɫ
˴ƺܶ࣬Ҹӣ鲼֮ͨڣǰеʱǼΪСģû뵽Ľɻɡ
ĽߡڣһĨŨŨľ֮ɫ
Σ޷ĽǵһĴУ֤Ľ裬Ѿʦ
ಣ
һ紵ʮ׶̺Х
΢䣬̲סһڹ۲Ľɵʱ򣬲СĴ˽ơ
˫ֿ۶ߺȻĽɵƽ
ǲĽƣòҪ
˵УĽһȭǽ͵ĺ
䣡
֮һɫء
֮컯컯ǿҲҪܵشĽɿǰɫʸ˵
ҧҧջɢЩ㵵ĿǰһС
ѯʣĽֱ˵һ䡣
ҵĽŲǵٶЩˡ
˵꣬ǣǰȥ
ͨ죬Ҫߵ̣һЦ֣æȥ
һʼĽɵٶȺܿ죬ͻΪҪȴ󷽵Ůӡ
̽ĸں棬֮ͨУĽɵӰȥʱӿŲʱŻٶȡ
ŮѾپȣͣٿһݡ


098 Ԫ{ʼ
ģǰ԰Լжô
ɺޣ̫˿ɺˣеʲô˲ġ
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Щõ˾һµԺ˵
ĽһΣڡ
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100 ֮˴飨
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ͻȻ׷Į˵
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101 ֱһ
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ôһˣ㿴ĶֻһЩװƷ
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֮ǰκĳܵ÷͵Ϯ˲Сơ
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صԭ㣬Ȼڣ±ضйء
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һ̨׵ĻѾʧѾͨ顣
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һ޴УĽɫҰףѾȫվ˷ܣΪǰٴοԽһ̨ס
һ죬㽫Ϊҵ̤ʯ֤ҳΪǿߡ
һͺֳŵ棬ƣӣȻȥ

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˿̣ĺڷɢ䣬ǺˮΪѵվ̨档
з紵һ˿⣬ڿϡ
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֪Լ˶꣬Ψһ֪ľԼŬ·;
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ƾϵǮƺʣһᱻҹѡУǱġ
˵꣬ҡڵĳǰȥ¶ŨŨ֮ɫ


106 һŴû׳
Ⱥܼǰ
һʱĸ̨żλɷǵߡ
ǵ·һƬ˺󣬺ѹѹһƬ쳣ӵûа϶
ɴ˿ɼҶҹͽӳ̶ȡ
ĽɾĬվȺ֮УԱӵȺΣü
ûκξٶﱩ¶ʵĵ͵ƻ
ȫΪֻǱһͨ˳һѣ֮ΪҹڵĹע̶ﵽĿġ
Եһ˵ѡεʱ򣬶ѡһЩȽϳɫȻĻҹܳΪĳ
̨ϣŵǣʵǿĲƺڡ
ΪĽɲȥʵԷҲ͸ս
̨ϳ̨·
·˾ݼĿתĿϷλߣǶɹš
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һ̨˲һƬž
һλ̳۵Ĵߣվ̨ˣ¶һ˿ȺЦݡ
ֵһΣҹյ֮գͽ׷Եһ˵
֪ڳĸλжҹԵء
֮󣬱ɽ
԰գ֮ͬһ䴢һ¯С
ĽͻȻ֣ͬߣòҲм֮
̲סðһ뷨ѵǱֵܲɡ
¯֣֮ǰĴߣһЦ˵
ˣҲ֪ڹء
ڳ٣ٽУţһ졣
ǷģԵ֮ˣǶŽʦˡ
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һĻĽɵУһ˿
֮·УΣأȷѪꡣ
ʱΣգ·;Ϊʲô
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磬һʱʿ֮թɱ
Դ˸ˣѹգͬϣǵ
ԣǶܿõ
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¯һ㣬һ̴ܻȼ𣬽Ŵ¯֮£ðƬƬӴ
ĽɿŨȺΧлһĨɻһȻ
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΢Ⱥ֮в
ÿ˵Ϸÿˣɫò԰ףԼʹࡣ
Ľɿųб仯̾˿
Ѿ֪¯ôɢԲ鿴֮ڣǷ߱ΪʦǱ߱˵һӡǣͿȷӵԵһ˵
ڽĹУʸУ˵޴󰭣ʵա
һЩ곤ˣ֮ǰûпţڿˣи߽ʿԷǿпӵʦַڼգһ˵Ըȥ
˵ˣɹѾʱڣ̤ƣҲһԪˡ
ᣬƮĽɵϡ
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Ľ˫üһȻһǹ˲һ̶һ
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һֺ꣬ģһغ֮ɫԲԲСΪЩ죬˫Ȳվ棬˿ϲ鲻Զ
һӰǰ̨ĽɿŷӰ̾һȥ
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̨ϵλߣ׷Ľһۡ
Щ˵ķӦĽɲе⣬̨ϱȦѡеˣûһ꣬Լ⣬ȫ֮ˡ
һЦǰŮ˵
ǶҹԵ֮ˣ˵ڶܼ
úǾͻ뱾֮ǻῪʼµ
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ǰСӸĸΣֻʣ̣ҷָԶ
ûκˣֻҹڿ̿ȡճͷء
ĽɿŶԷ΢΢һ˵
¶һ˿ǸȻЩĿĽɣ¶һĨͬĿ⡣
Ľˣ߼٣޸ĸÿһͽЩ˽֮ʱ޿̲νһִŵġ
û˵ʲôȴŮ˵
ܿ죬½½Ļˣÿ˵۾죬ȻǸոտ޹
Ľɿǣ̾һʦ·;Ҫһůļҡ
ݸһĨָ꣬ƽŴĻ
ĶֻһʽˣŶԷϲĳ
Ľףһ¿Ĵ첻ǰģʵ˵
ߵĻ̨˶־Ȼްδѡеʧ֮⡣
һŸ̨ϵĴߣг


107 
Сʱȥڽˣļݽ
תλߵ˸һӣһ쫷Ͽϯ
һ̣һ޴Ӱ˲㳡е¶η壬ȫϥڵϣ飬֮С
ſӴӰ̨ϵŮŵɫף̹ڵأ̧ͷȥеȻ
ĽƽյӴӰ˾棬һĨȻ΢Ц
Цת˲û˰ע⣬ſдѾ֪Էʲôˡ

һӴޣ뾨ơ
ǣһԾ޴ɫ׳ª˿η塣
;Ҫ䣬ʵǿֻ۷ˮ׼һЩץȦѱ֮Ʒ
ĽҲǵһӴ󣬳
֮ǰпޣʱû̫ȥ⣬벻վȻ˱
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ϾСûмʲô棬˿̺Ҳ
ƺ׼ӻóһ«еһſŰɫ衣
ҩŲϵζˣһǿ壬ҹڶƵ鵤򲻵ġ
Ůһȿֺҩõֱ֮ӷ£ȻЧҲŲϵȳζ
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˴˿̣Ľɲ׶Էк壬ΪԼһֵˡ
뵽һΡ
һǰˣЦ˵
ʦ־ӣǲҪ֡
Ѿʦֵܹϵˣǵʦ֣ҽг
̬ɣûаӣ˲ܵȺϲ
ˣҪ˵ˡ
ڿʼֱΪʦ֮ǰǱΪһЩ񡣡
һҪĽ׶Σϵպĳɳ֪ǶһЩʲôա
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ţһһ½½ĺΨĽɾĬĿһС
ǰӻԾڵ꣬ЦһƣʾҰ
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˵꣬ӴڣȡһģƼ±һĶ
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108 
ҩ԰ʦȱһڵǻ޷ʤΡ
ã﷿ȱˮģҩΧҲȱһЩˡ
УɽȱһģӦùˡ
о޴ӣ
һЦӺ𣬿ǰˣָָһŵꡣ
Ǽȥ񴦱˵ǳʦġ
˵꣬ӻͳһ뺣Уûʣֻ˵Ȼ˰ǡ
ŽˣŮʣµľһĽˡ
ɣŮȥɣϾʦ㲻̫ϲеġ
԰գϴһŮһ뺣ָϷǰ
ˣھʣˡ
ӿǰĽɣЦ˵
ʦ֡ҿԡȥɽô
һ֮ɫǰӣЩӣ˵ʱѾЩˡ
ͷɫЩ죬̧ͷȥӡ
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ţȷֻһˣϾɽǸطûԸȥģǰǸģΪܲһ˵Ĺ¶ˡ
λҲеģʵ̺ܼ򵥣ǿһЩȻ󶪵һطºȡ
˵һȽɵĻˣ֮ңһѡ񿳲񣬱Ͼ徲˴š
˼һȻЦ˵
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ʶΧ̽飬Ȼᾪ컯ʿʱɾ鷳ˣԣֻ취
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109 ֹ¼
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ʦ֣Ϊڵӡ
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Ľôһ˵̧ͷɨһ̶ۣص
ţƳڣǿΪڵˣʲô֣Ҳһֵ
ĽɡĽɻص
Ľɣһ꣬ƳΪһֱںɽֵһʮ㣬ҪΪʽڵӣֵҪﵽһٵ㣬ԣ㻹Ҫٿһľ񡣡һһҵ֡
Ľɫһ벻Լһۻֵֻôһ㡣
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ͬеŮޱʵҲڣɫϱŵѷһЩ˫ܴ鶯񣬿ʮֿɰǳϲ
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ӹȻԲ֮ԣôʵŻôá
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˾ǣӹʵƽƽ˵ıȴǼǿĽΪ˵͵ӣȻ֪ңг֡


110 ׽
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ŵͱޱȻԸ⣬Ҳûа취ֻܸżŲͬķȥˡ
ǰŵĿĽһۣиһ˿΢ɲĹġ
ޱֱӶĽ˵˾䣬СģҲ֪ĹУǱĿġ
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ÿÿĴϣһյɫŸָķЩԿǵĿֻźͲ
˿ЩĽһĨЦַԸһССܹһЩãЩѾγʶ˵˵ַûаôˡ
Ľͣͣܿתһ飬ʱԶһĨҲѾʧʣҹĻׯ
ڹ֣Ľ֮ǰڵУһЩܣԼûӴԣϤ
Ľҵһ֦棬ŴڵΡ
ѾоˣӳŨŨֹҲ
ԼʱѾٽҹ
Ľẉָ̂ͻȻ䣬ʱٵת


111 ŮСٻ
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112 
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żĴĽ꣬վԭأҹգ˼
˼ˣ˭ҲҴţֻԶԶվһߣЩѳеʹˣҲѹԼĿ´ŵλʦˡ


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114 ΪֵܷĿ
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߽ʬѾ൱ƺڵʵɴ˿ɼѾ˺صĵز
ʦľ绮һʬﵽŽ֮󣬱̤һΣȻͬ׵ʬûôǼгĽɣûһﵽģ˶ʬȷǼΪ֡
⵽ô£һô߽ʬѾܳܵķΧˡޱƺܵ˼ţĶж˾塣
˱ޱĻ¼Ҳ׷׸͡
εѾܹɵˡ
ĹѾԽ˳м߼
ǽҪô죿
ӹΪ˻֮⡣
Ҳ˼ֱӿڣֻýƸˡ
ʱ˵⣬˼ϣʼʱԱµĵδӣôȻҪˡ
вϰò׵һζӳ棬Գûһ£ɫļѵʦã˭뵽ûȴôһ̯ӡ
ڣе˶ڵɵ
ѵһִ;ȥûа㽱ȥֵ
ǿɾͲˣŵĹ涨ִʱԶԶΧıʣŷ
֮ǰµһǧﴫɣɣҲõֵ
ȻһֵͻŽĻᡣ
ֵŽȻҪûСʲôǰ״
Զ󣬼ܻܿΣա
ӹ˵
Ը£ѡ˳ʱһʵϱµ߷ߵĿӹ˵
ʦֱᣬҲ˼
ֻǾӦýСһЩʦֵľͬ
ǣڵȴԮʱ䣬ǿʱ뿪ׯǰطȴĻҲܰȫһЩ
ӹ˸εЦ
ԣ˼֮¶ͬ顣
󣬿˿ƣͷ˵
ǷضسǰɣׯԶһ㣬ȵԱ㡣
ԣȫްɼǧﴫ
֮һ˳Ŷسǵķȥ
ڼȫʩչ˷£ʱѾ˶سǡ
Сͣ£߽سǣ⾪ķˡ
ǻһЩͨ˵ӣС֮С
˿ֵ̣磬ַǷسһؾ
ɽļˣ龰඼мֺ档
֮УĽɺӹ֮⣬ᣬŮԣǺܺöġ
Ĵι䣬ȻȺ֮У˴һ
ͷͻõˣִˡ
ҿҸط㰡
һһƬҡ
˾У׷Ÿ¶ȥԵʹͷڵϡ
ԣ飬Ѿϰˡ
ĽЩȻòϣЩջԾ
˶ʦ£Ȼ
ǣҲʩչ̶ͨ¶Լݡ
ǣֻ˵һߣ棬Ĭһֱ̣һƬտ
ʦУַ˴ܣ缦ҧһ㣬޷Ǿǿ֣ûһľƣ
ûãһɱС
һȺĴ󺺣¶һ࣬ɲиűɱڵ˹
ǼΪ׺ݣ˲Ϣ󵶿棬Ѫ
ǵƴɱûʲô·һǹ⿿Ӳģûʲô书
һֱƴɱ˰ʱѾʮ
ǣսȴԽԽŨ˫һпԹĶŵ˻ɱ档
ڴʱ˵ĺ棬߳ˡ
һǻ̵ĳ󺺡
һµİ
ԣ˶˫쵼ɫɱ
ǵĳ֣ƴɱеĴͣ˼λϴ˵
һʱ䣬ֻʣѪеߣʹҲ̶á
ç㣬Ҷ㣬Ψ£Ҳð㡣
ǸŮˣҡ
󺺿һСǰİɷ졣
ߣѾôʱ䣬ǲ£˭ҲӮ˭
һ㣬ǸŮȷֵģӦҡ
Ȱһ䣬ٲ֣˫ṇ̃ԴҶá
çһЦ̬ǿӲ
˵ĵǺ±̵ǸŮøңҿ԰ѳָֻ㣬ҰԺͣȻֻвݡһм˵Ц
ܶ˳ߵĻһȡ
û뵽ȻΪһŮӣֵĹϽȨ
ΪǳߵĴ󲿷ֲƲΪһŮӣԼҶҪˡ
Ůӵ˭
ߣøңҵе̺ȫ㣬ҴŮ뿪Ը⣿çмЦ
ˣ뵹һ
çҲΪһŮӣԸԼƴĻҵֵ
һɱ˲գۣսթɱħͷΪһŮӣԼһС
Ůӣʲôħλϴ
֮ܶǻã˭ҲϷŮӡ
ңԽǸŮӣеĻȡִ̰ԽŨء
󣬶˵ı飬Ѿﵽĵز


115 ħŮ
çõֵܣһƴ˶سǵݻҵ
ǣΪǲòһˡ
߷ŭָŶԷЦڡ
´磬һôƺ㣬֪ǰ㻤ҡ
û㣬ɥȪˣǴƬҵ֮ңһĵ̣㣬Һܸм
һֱҲ໥ûзͬĺֵܣǽ죬Բ˴磬Ůұõԣֵֻһ˿Իȥ
ç̾Ŀųߣֿ̬
ĽɵԽ⣬˿ӣǰǸεյĺֵܣôΪһŮӱء
áá
ç˵꣬״Цһ
ֵܣֻһ˻š
ߣӵͶسеĻҵߣͰʶǸطɡ
һΪɡç˵ţһȣˢһ򿪣ӱɢâ
߷һ̾ϢѿڼϵС
һ̣˶ݵĳţ˭Ҳûг֣˴˶ӣ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǣڸӵıһļᶨ
ֻΪĿеĺա
ɱ
ߵͺһȷо޴鳣ç͵䡣
ç״ƣӿһֱԷɨȥ
㹥أ˲һкԱȫһöԷصӡ
ֵΪһŮӷĿΪУƴܶնһ̾Ϣ
վһԣ̶ֳȵƴɱСèСּû𣬿ֵܣΪһŮӴ֣һĨмЦ
Сͷӹ˫ۣ˵ɱܸȤϣ˴ĸΪһЩԼʧ
鲻̫עʱʱĿһԵıޱϣϵŻ̸䡣
ŵΪŮңȴüһţһʲôŮӣֵܷͬĿɳ
Ľɣ뷨ŵ࣬ȴȶԷһЩ
һ˵ȻǵŮӣҲ֮ƴһ
һ㷲ŮӣԶ϶ŮӣпʦĳĻ֮ͨĿƣ÷أɱɱѶ
˵УŨ񣬺Ļ֮
ǣĽͨʶ̽飬˵ľ񶼺̫ܵ˱˵Ŀơ
ԣһ˺Ƿѽ⣬׻һʲôŮӣ
ؼʱ̣һƥɱ˳֮С
ţһ󺺴Ϸڻƴɱˣе
磬磬ˡ
һЩˣǿҪ˹ߡ
Ƕһֵܣס
˵ĻѾ˵çͳ߶У˾Դһȵ
ĸ֪ļһ̫ͷ϶
󺺿ǣЩԥ˵
ʼһӣԼжʮ꣬ƺ˹ʶǣ˹ԲԸһߡ
һԼѮɷǵߣȥӦĳ˸һ棬ʱԣĿɳ𣬶Ҫ˹ߡ
Ƕֲֳ˵ɱȥ˼һ㣬ͲܶˣԣСļæͨλ硣
ţߺçŭǣȻ˵ҺŮˣֱǲˡ
سǾ˸ҺǹȥҲýأǼӡ
ģҶǵŮˣֵܣȥһҵ쵰Ȼһ£㿴Σ߿çŭ˵
ãȥĸ֪ĶҺʹȥç𼱻ǵ˵
һ̣һǣƥ˶һۣӣݺݵĳƨɣ˻һǰ񱼶ȥ
֮ǰǲݵˡ
תۼ䣬³Ϊսĺֵܡ
겻ѡ

Ľ£΢΢һ
һת뵽Էһʦ
ȻĻֱֲָͨ¡
ңͨ£ȷֵŮһҲʦ
£ǣĲǽԹʿ֮顣
ʱسǸСׯʢеĶ֮Щʦпйء
Ľת׿⼸ˣҲ¶˼ҲºܸȤ
һҲµˣղһһʦʱʦȻ϶Ҫȥ鿴һ¡
ӣһһʦ
¼йأǲòȥˡ
ȿ˵
Ľɵԣ׷׵ͷͬ
£ٷϻƥɱķȥҲٸϡ
Ϊаղ٣ǰ죬˲ʩչ˷⾪ףԣֻһЩݾС·Խǽ׷˹ȥ
Լ˵ٶȣƥȻѴ֮
Լʱ䣬Ѿƥһլǰ
çͳ͵һ߿ţڵĳȥ
լݻɣſֻ׾ʯʨʾڶسڵԺյλ
ĽɵߵһɸߵĺɫΧǽ£һԾƮȻǽͷ档
ԺڣçͳѾ͵ԺȥҲĵĸں棬Ժ棬ֱڼϣһվԺԱߣĬĹۿ
˿̣ԺУһȺΧżˣΧսš
ΧһЩֱֳĴ󺺣һĶǰһѮߡ
λɫɫļѣͷףȻѾͣȴްƣȡ
Ľɵ˿ߣ԰ٷְٶ϶Էһʦ
ңߵΪǶߣѾﵽڣһЩĽɵϡ
ǰ߰ɵĵطվһʮӣüĿ㣬޳һһӣֻ˿üͷһ𣬿ߵ⣬ŨŨĳ޺ɱ
Ժһ£һǳɫȹһɫõľŮӣȻü΢أ£һ˫ˮɣ·ҪΡ
侹ȻòŮӣ
ŮӣĽɫһ̲ס̾һ
һ˲䣬ܵ
ô޷ƿֱھŮӵ档



116 
ĽȻһݺݵҧ⣬Լѹ
ʲôȻ
ԣⲻҲħͨǣܹǣѵǴ˵еĺ塣
һǵģѵһĺ壬κ˼֮󣬶ҪУ޷԰ΣΪ֮ϧһ
Ľ֮󣬶ʱӽһתˣ¶ŨŨĻȣĶžŮӣͬħ
ͬΪŮӵŵͱޱڿŮӵʱҲΪԷòסˣһš
Ľ˫üҲ˵Ůǲʦ˵ӵɱһ㣬һΣ
ʲôˣ
ʶţŮһɨ
һ̣ȴǾķ֣ŮûаȥһͨŮӡ
ʦ
ĽЩȻʦܹӵԻʵǾֻ˵Ůӵĺ̫ǿˡ
һ˲䣬ŮӵһССٶ뷨
ΪŮӲ䣬⳯ڵķһ£Ȼֻһϸ΢ȴҲ޷ӹĹ۲졣
Ľڴ״̬Ϣʶ̽ʱҲǼΪСģˣǱŮӷˣȻŮһʦ
뵽иΪ𾪡
ΪŮӼȻʦֿԷʵ
ôֻԭҪôԷΪ֮ϣҪôʵΪ
һ㣬Ľ˵һ־޴вǰŮӣΪΣա
ŮӵӦħˡ
ȻǸħŮôеĻ֣п
̶Ƭ̹ĽѾ׼ȷķһԵɣˣȻŮӵò֮У޷԰Ρ
Ůӣӵ컯ʵߵΪ
Σʱֻ̣÷ˣѡԼˡ
˿̣ԺУһһٶڳߺçĵȫް㷴Ӧ
ͽ˴治õ
ĿĿ꣬ŭһ
ߣϼһ㻹֪ʦʦ͵Ů˵𣿡
Ӻͦ壬
㡭
һʱŭָԷȵ
ʲôʱŮˣ
ߣ޳ܣǰӺҽĵãб㿴
ȴ̰ͼòҪǿаռɥĲ£Ϸ͵
ֱ⣬ҲԼ㳤ôϣôôῴ㣬ĵϼһͽϱգȻҪԼռΪУֱµһʦߵĻЦ
˵ѾĿҧгݣ޲ýߴж˿顣
ͽٸҺҲ㡣ͨ죬ŭǡ
ңǿЦҵҪңЦ
ʱ򣬳ߺçʦͽҪǵŮˣҰǵɿԲȻŭ󲽳ȥ
ϼһʲôҲҼҵŮˣçȣָߺȵ
ҹϷûͼֻϷϻٲߣɱ⡣߿çһۣ̬м
϶ҵĵ̣Ҳſ治֪
ϻ˵԰һ
ŭЦȻ

һ⡣
һ˲䣬ߺçһԭأȻ˶Էͨ
һЩ¿ϴ˲䱻˶ס֮·׷˼ǽڱԵ
ǣûһԸߣĿһգգעǸŮӡ
߶ס֮󣬲꣬תžŮӣ˵
ӣһ㲻Ƕк
ټ֤Ե춨ԣǺһȥɡ
ʱǹͬĵãһɾ£ա
˿ߺç߶סһ˫ˮʵУ¶һ˿Թˣ˿˱Ҫ
ߺçӣΪΪżһҧۡ
ǣǶҲ޷㡣

һ̾Ϣ˿д
һ̾Ϣ֮һ㶯ڳ˾С
һ̾ϢѾ˶ˣ֪ζ
û˵̫ãֻ촽΢˵
ԬѣǿˣҲϣʦͽΪҷĿ
һŮӣעһ¶ûиǣϡ
㡭ȥɡ
ۣģֵģ͡
Ľס񣬰Ůӣֱˡ
Щ޹أͽˣŻģҲͲΪˡֿİߣԬŭȻһƬԡ
Ǻαأĵ̾˿һתӡ
ʼգһܺߣĵ˺κһ
ǣĽÿ˵һһŮӵƿ֮С
ң뷽跨ЩɱͺϷһ㡣
ӿĿԼ¶Цݡ
֪Ϊҵġ
ǣⱲӣǲܺһһʲô塣
ŰɣһһģһЯֵϡ
˵ţһóһתͷߣȻڡ
ƥⶼҵģȻ㲻ʣݹҲ塣
ŵĶԬɫȻ䣬һ
ͽ㾹Ȼ͵ϷǱʦı
߻δ˵꣬Ѿ
Ԭд󼱣æ䣬ʱ泾˲۳һСȰϸɳԣ˻һ˹ȥ
䣡
ԺݺݵײϣһΪʹˡ
ǣһ̣ȴǷ֣ԻΪɳ׹ȥ
ٿһӲӵĹĻţԸ޷㻤֡
ԭʩչ˷ֶΣȻһʦһͽΪࡣ
սǣʵڶԷ֮¡
߿Լʧܣɫ˲ѿȥһãοߡ
ܣˣ
꿴ߵıӰЦһ
£зȻǣΪһɴС˸ש顣
һУɫשߺݺ䡣



117 Ѳ̫
¡һ
ԬɫשУ˳Ƶ
˿̣ɫ԰ףȻӵΪȫǸС˺

꿴߱Уصڵϣ޼ɵЦ
ڴԼʦڿİŮճɾ
ǣһ̣Ц˲ʧ
һ޴ɳдĽ¸֣ӱ˽ȥһǣԾĻں棬ֻһش̴г˲䣬ͱش̴УѪӿ
СϷ򶷣㻹̫ۣΪһɱ𣿡
³صڵϵߴԣǿЦ
һͻһѪȵ֮ɫҰ׵˼㡣
ǣʼմЦݣΡΡߵ˵ǰ˵
ӣͽѾڿһˡ
˿߻ѪָոջһҵԼĵӣûа㾪壬ֻЩˡ
ǡΪʲôҪ
Ż£һϺпֱߵڣΪ߾ֻܽһ֮ңһϺ˵Ȼ޷
Ľ⣬˭ҲûпϺ

ߺҪ˵Щʲôȴ˵
ĿˣгŲ⣬һĨŨŨĲ
ֱȥԬ߶ûаޣֻаĵӺ衣
ַסߵȥӣƺڲǣһ֣ڵѪ⾫׾ٵԼڡ
ϼһѪ⾫͸Ҳͺ˷ʱ䡣
ߵĶߣૣ˵꣬аʹ֮ɫŨ
Ϊߵ嵲ţĽǿŮѪ⾫Ҳĵ
ǣĽɿԲ²õϾѾ߱ħŮɱȥߣ϶Ϊϵʲô
Ѫ⾫ߵʬڵϣȥǰˡ
Ϊʲôôɵ
ߵһϢԣдˮ
ҡ
꿴԰׵˺ҸοҲǰĻعⷵա
˵ĽĽǣڵǵߣһϺ˫ĿȻɴɿɢ
ǣʦһ˵ŨŨİ
ĽĿãŮѾԼ֣ɽʦ֪ҪԸԼˣ⼸ˣϿߡ
ǣ֪ڲᱻ˻ɣԣֻþĬٵһᣬб䣬ֻñȫΪߡ
ɱߺֶĽɶ϶컯ǿߣô鷳
Ȼ컯ʦô㹻İȫˣͬеļˣ»֮Σ
ûжκʵһʦͽΪ߶ԷѪ⾫ʹתӣĽڵλá
ߺçˣԼլԺڵˣۡ
ԣ϶ҪһЩǱڰʦʲôˡ
ĽĲͬ˿һۣûʲôٶԺһѻۡ
˲䣬Щ󺺣ߺçȫһ̱˵ϡ
ʱ˵ٴĽߣ˵
λѣҪð
ħŮôһ˵Ľ֮⣬˾Դһ
û뵽ΣܱԷʶƣ˼״֪ûҪȥ
ԼΪףһȺֳ
ĽҲȻѾ֪ħŮݣҲĿˣŮɱߺһĻ
ûзһ㣬Ƕ˵òԻʱ¶ްô
е˶ɣ΢һЩֶΣ˻ԥĶ֡
ʵһϣҲ
ǣұϾһţһִܶԼº֡
ԣĽɾӦ䣬ʲô쳣ߡ
ǰַǳΣյĸоָо컯ǿ߻Ҫǿ
񵱳޺ʱһԿĽɵʵѾȣӵн֮˻ָо
˵ħŮӵĿ³̶ȡ
ʱ΢ЦŲĽɵ˵ķ
һ
ŵ£˿˵ʬ壬˫ƺڹĵʲôһĨ΢ɲĽ
񣬿
ԼⲻͣŮӵϣ̶¶һǫģЦӭȥ
Ϊ˵䣬ʱȻȥ
ǣδȼ˵ŵһŨŨ
ƴ˷ֺӽµĴ
峿Ũһ㣬ŨɢԺеˡ
ã
ĽɰһһʱӴڣȡһöⶾԥķŽͬʱɿԶߡ
ʱŵŨŨζ֮ʶģ̱ڵϣ˹ȥ
ӶУĽɸеһѣΣŲһģһ٣Ȼԭء
ðԵĶ㣡
ĽɿϵóһʮǿᶾҩΪԻ㡣
ֶ㣬ɫͷ֮˵ΪԽߣԻЧҲԽǿ
ĽƾǿʶͲ־ǿԼѡ
ǣ֮Ȼκġ
ϵĽⶾҲ֪ǴĸùϵõģƷʵ͵ҪԣǳȥҲ޷˶
գۼ䣬һӰѾЦĳĽɵǰ
ʱˣϻһ˿İˣ¶һĨƤЦݣԴʮָȤĿ񿴵ԼѾõĶһ㣬ĺǼ
Ľɫһ޵ĶУСĵȻ˴ŮƣղǶʦͽĲ״ԼҲҪ³
ѾܽСˣڵһʱӦ
ȴû뵽ԷȻӵϹʮ涾֮һԻ㡣
Ļʵ򲻹Ȼ߻ûġ
ףѽ㾹ҺҶӡ
ʦ˵¼䣬ûκҶ֮󣬻ܱѵġ
ѲŮˣֻ̫ࣿ
һ˫ˮ崿ں۾ϸĴ
ĿͣĽɵز¶һǺӡ


118 
ħŮӣ
Ľ˫üһǰŮӵĿ⣬ֻëĸо˿
ˣͷһᣬŵ˵ͷ
㻹Ǵ
ĽﰵԼȻûв´
˿˼ν⿪ԻĶ֮ȫߡ
ڵ״̬ħŮûʤ㡣
ҪôɱǣѪ⾫ĽĿ
ôģǣҸıעˣǻҪšͬһһ㣬Ľɣг֮ɫ
ĽеĲɢȥһ֣ϲŭ޳ħŮ׵ķԼ
ô¾Ͳˡʱ̱־裬˹֣漴ת
δŲߺȻһ̹ǵ
վס
Ľɰ̾һֻͣ½Ųת
֪ӣʲôԸ
һЦʱ棬ʱаȣָо֯һһʹһħһĪĻ
Ҫ£ҵ˫¯޳󷨡
СħŮȻ˵ҪԼ¯ʲô󷨣Ľ̲סһëȻ
¯ôܣӲҪ˵Цˡ
ͬеʱҺöˣҲ˧Ǹʺ㡣
Ľ˵ʲôҲܳΪ¯ǿǻ֮³һ㲻ȳǲָŻ赹ڵϵļ
Ի㣬ʱûʲô취ֻúϹһЩʱ䣬ȻЩΪѣΪ˻ţֻˡ
ֻҪԻҩȥаƾԼʵߣΪؼǣסħŮ
ǿɲУһң̾ͻߵҵò֮У޷԰Σȫɫһ˼ûС
ֻңȻܹôѹԵֵҵĺ壬ԣҿصġ
󷨣ĲɲͬһŴϹŵħʮѣؼĵطǸ¯
ƺĽԻҩɢЦݣ˵
˵ţĽɣƺһϲѾõޣƤĻ£ŪĽһ
¯ôˣΪʲôֻҿԴﵽĽвŨ
󷨵¯¯ͬ
¯ֻҪòɼ֮ɲԷԪԪ֮Ϳˡ
ǣ󷨣ȴҪ븶氮İ¯ȻɹԽɾԽ󡣡
ԣûаЦȻ
ԣ๫һ°
ҵ˫¯ҲԪ֮ɡ
úõչ㣬㣬ͻݵӡ
˵꣬ЦĿĽɣһԶӡ
ԽɾԽ󣬵Ǹ㰮ˣҲǾ¯ôĽ˿Ϊ̬Ȼ䡣
ҵķȻʮִһӾ뵽µĹؼϣ˿ûô
ʵǴ˹Դˣν󷨣Ҫȶ飬ȻŹһὥĶ飬ֱľ顣
򵥵˵̤Ȫ֮գӹ֮ʱ
¶͵Ŀ⣬΢ƣĽǰ˫ЩС֣ĸһա
ĽСħŮޣȴִһɭȻ䣬絶һ㣬ʹĺһ󷢺
˿ڵĴΪϱ֮ǰȴҲһЩ
ϾҪ¯ʱڲɱֻҪסܻߵĻᡣ
뵽ĽԷſһЩһĨǳǳЦݡ
Ի̫ˣе߲ˣܷһô
ѽ๫ȻϵԻ㣬Ȼͨʦûпѽ
ó๫ʵʵԲֹڰɣϵܻ࣬ϲǡ
̧֣ȻĲס
ͬһСޣ˳ºͣ΢
˵ĴǱһǣĽûкκŮйܳƺӴ
˿̣СħŮķ̣ƽˮģȻһ˿

ⲻ飬Ҳǰ
Ľ̾ѹеĶ
ʱһ¶пܳΪСħŮū
Ӵ÷Ūˣɱ
Һ֣Ϊʲôܹأ
˿ΪĵŮĵط
ĽҸ⣬תԼע
αôǫ飬ЩܹŮӣû۹⣬ֻı棬ȴŵں꣬κ˶㣬棬һκ˶硣
İһˣԲΪǶԷһЩֶصһδʱ򣬾ͻ֪ѾĿ̹ģڤڤ֮е㲻˦ˣ꣬ǻİԹ޻ڡǴ󷨵λǰдĻǰôӣȴûһֵȥ̽ˡ
һЦ˶٣˵
Ϊһң̾ͻҳ꣬ȡˣ̫ǳֵȥ
ҲѰһЩΪܸߵʦ컯ģ侳ģǵ꣬ҲûһĶ
ǵһֿܹҵĺӣҲǵһҵģеĸоӡ
ȻҺŸոʶǣôر޾һ㣬˿ףԡ
ˣԵ꣬ܵĸ̣ԣΪ๫һֵȥˣҺĶ
࣬ɬ΢죬˼ˡ
ĽԣûажһΡ
ЩǴһϲŮӿ˵ܿĺܿ֡
ǣСħŮ˵ȫζһʱʱ̵̿ôɱŮӣ˭ȥ
аҵȨǣҪҰ㣬ûôס
ΪһĮˣκŮӶġ
ĽɳĮȻ˵
ˣûа㲻ãͷĿļϡ
һͷں㷢ɢŵζƮĽɵǰЦӯӯ˵
ûϵ㲻ðҰֻҪҰˡ
ˣҪĺҡ̹ġ
Ľɫһ
ôϣʱһףħŮ
ߣغȻѿԨʧǰ


119 Ϊع
Ҳ㶯ģôܰң
̫ˣ鲻ǵԾ
Ľ¶ΣҪ̶һ䡣
˵Ĳԣⲿ棬ҲǿవһӣǣʼӶûаԹ֮°ɱˣԴ󷨡
ʦ˵ⲿ󷨣עصֻ̬Ҫܹᵽ浱ʱ̬ԺɣȻĻమͻ˫˫ݰӣ԰ΣľȻ޷󷨡
ԣҾǿˣԲᰮħŮҲŸӿģȻҵɫϺ壬Ҳ๫ľˣ˼Ҽֱˡ
Ľɵ仰΢̧ԣΪ˵
ĽԣкȻðһҧԾͷ

ǸӲ͸Էɱˣⲿ󷨵ǸŮӣһв
ǷҲˡĽ̾Ϣһ
ѵ๫Ը𣬵õһôӣ㲻úҸ𣿡Ľɵϣһ£ϸ
ÿ춼һˣȥΪһҸ𣿡СħŮĻĽƵ˼㡣
ῪЦôأ
Ϊ˴ﵽ۷壬ֻصĻᡣ
ģȫȫ㣬Ҫһʱ䣬ԣʱǲẦģҪһܾã׹밮֮󣬲ŻĻǡ
עҡҡͷһЦ
Ľ㰵СħŮһΣҲѽͷ֮ޣֻͣܺͶԷ˺ƤֻҸ⡣
ĵӣôô
Ů޵ĶǾĹҪһˣ֮ɱҲԴ򣬾ͲŵĵˣҵʦҼԣҾܹ˼ҡ
ǣڱ֮УܶӶǲȡٳɶķոϲһɱһ֮ȥһĽȥʵЩӸֵ⣬Ҫһˣ겻ʸ־壬ֻٵθʱ򣬲ܴﵽ顣
ԣģⱲӣֻһˣһΪعѡ
һ㣬ĵ˵
Ϊعѣ
ⳤһĽЩЦãƵ˵
ôһ˵һҸˡ
˵ĻУ˵
ѽѽ
Ҫ֪㣬ÿ춼ҪһЩ
һΪ˰ӶҲˣΪֲΰһһú÷ġ
Ľ۽΢΢һ£ǿһĨЦ
ζ治ܣһֱΪԼǿ٣ÿʱ򣬶һ
ӹ޺ƿأٵ{ʱһδεᵽ
Ѿܽܵ͵ˣκ鶼˼У侲ΣңӲ׽Լյأȴû뵽һͬΪħŮӾȻ
Ľ˼֮һ׷ˣȻΪʱ̶ΰСħŮ
Ȼ˲ɱôֶκʵҪ߲ǲܣǣһ߾Ҫһγɹ֣߿ɾϼˣԣĽҪһȫ֮ߡ
ҪɢСħŮע̶ɣʧȥ衣
֪󷨵λǰʲô֣
Ľɳ˼СᣬȻڡ
Ҳ֪֣Ϊ̫ңԶҪ׷ݵǰϹʱڡ
˵λǰǵʱħ֮һħã˳Ʋӡ
̸Լɵ飬£ĵĽ
ȻħķѣС಻ʤǲŹģħΪħһǶĺ󱲡
ĽҲһ˿Ȥ̲סʵ
ܲϸҽйλħ¼ħ£ҺܸȤ
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ħϹʿϹŵһ壬ӵ۷֮УʵǿħͨڵħǸʱġ
ħ־ѡɱħعѪ޽ȵȡħ˴ûйܼ˵ΨһһܹܵˣһĪܡ
ЩһЩʷϼصģϾϹʱ飬ȥʮ꣬˭Ҳ˵
Ľ˵Ļɫ΢΢һû뵽־ѹλħԴġ
ʲô
˿ӣ
Ľ˲ָƽһĨǳЦֱֱϡ
ûʲôӲضģպĺǣΪ򶼻ߡ
ʱҲѲСħŮƿأһת˳ӶԷһЩҲԼʧȥһЩ衣
Ʊ䰡ղŻ㲻ԸôͻȻ֮ıԡһ˫Բ͸һ˿ɡ
㲻˵ҺܴôȻãֿ˾Ҫ˳ӵĵ
ü̾һĵҲ
Ľʳָ˵üĴһ£һЦ

˽εһЦ
˵֮ڣҶ᲻ɱء
Ǻܺðÿÿҹн飬򸴺󡣡˵꣬ĽԼеޱ飬ֻһ˵ҲһΡ
ãһὫ̵
¶˵Цݣ԰գ˿赹ڲԶŵˣ˲һ䡣
߰ɣЩˣǻȪɡ
̬ƽ֮ʣһµħŮ˵ɱ˱ɱҪ򵥡
Ľ뼸Ȼ޸飬ĵ̿ż˲Ǽæֹ
㶼õˣͷŹ⼸Сɡ
ô˵Ҳҵͬţҳ֮գ̫Ѫȡá
һıӣƲƲ죬Ц˵
α֮ͬ꣬ҿǷŲСѾͷɡ



120 ˼ĺܰ
ˣҺֻͬţûʲô顣
ĽɿһԶŵͱޱε̾˿
ҲܣԺ㲻ϲκŮӣֻһˡ
Ȱһ䣬ԺһЩ
С죬Щõ˵
Դ㣬Щӹ֬׷ۣȻۣԣİɡСħŮĻĽҲЦڡ
ϣ˵ҲңбŮϲ㣬ϲģ˭ֻҪ֪һһʱɱ˵
ĽۼСħŮһɱŵļƣҲżΪ֪żҲûãɱŮľġ
Ҫɱȥɱɡ
ǣɱ֮ҲζʧȥΡ
һ㲻εˣҲΪİ
ԣҧ촽ͺһתӣڿ
Ľһɣ֪СħŮɱŵˣһǰһվߡ
ˣһϧҵԵ֣ϲŮӡ
ۻȻ٣ĽɵĿ˵ȴħŮеһ˿ֿ
֪ںƭңҺܰտʶķϣҷŹЩˡ
תĽ಻һ֮䡣
ôҺοһúúǻġĽɼ
СħŮĽɵļһ㣬ġֵģĻŽ
ĺܰ㰡
ҡҲǡĽɺǼѵ˵ô֡
һۡ黰
ǣзǳֻһϷˡ
߰ɣ뿪ȥĵط˵Ҹ
˴Ļгת䣬͸ŨŨ⡣
áĽɲɫĵ˵ͷ
ܷܷһӣϹһӴڷɳһƴСɫ̨
ֻСħŮһ⣬ڿն𣬼̶ӭǣ֮ƬƬСһɫҶϣɢϹħʵˡ
ĽȻһɫ̨һзҼпԴϹš
벻ȻϹŷз̽Ե̾һ
ǺһӾͿһϹŷ
űΪһλϹǰƵģ֮á
̨ԷУԡܣÿմ˱һĻ¶ֻ¶󼡷ӻ˥ϣա
˵У֣һ̨̤
ô棿Ľһ̲ס˼ֺ档
ǲţԡһΰɬָܷܷĽɵؿڻ˼¡
ǸšĽһһ䡣
˼״һЦ߶ɫ̨߿գȻһȥ
Ľ̨֮ϣо˱ٶȣϱлҪ죬ﲻЩ࣬СħŮ߿ɾˡ
˶Ĳˣ̨Ļһֻ˳СһɣĽɵУȴһֱƤǣʱпܰԵ
̨ӭУΧŵ㡣
˴ﵽִ࣬Ӳൽɽˡ
һĻСħŮ׷߿ҪĽƴ
ǣĽȴ޸֮УΨһͷߣСħŮƿء
֪˶ãĽֻǸо̨䡣
¿ʱѾһɽ֮С
˿̣ȥɭɭ
һɹŨɽ֮УȻһ֮
˿һۣȻ߶ֱ̨ɽеһ޴ѷȥ
Ľɿž޴ѷǹ죬Ҳǽǣδᵽʲô֮ӰѾûѷ֮С
һλҰɽ·С͸֣ԿǰһƬ̺
ԶɽصӰ羵һȺںȥ沨ưڵӶСԾ𣬾˿˿˵ɫǺߵլԺɫʡ
ɫ̨ȵլԺԵĲݵϣĽɿŲԵĴҫ£ĿĹԣˡ
ΰվںߣ֣ʵ
ţȻ˼ɾǸоȱЩʲôĽĿܣ˵ͷ˵
˵ȱʲôϾȥ˵
мӣϥ£ˡĽɻһЦԴӺСħŮһʲô˵ˡ
滵һ㶼ʵ˺գһ
仵ˣͲϲ𣿡ĽζһЦ˵
ôأ۷ʲôҶϲ˭ѡء
Ȼ㣬ҾͻᰮһУʦ˵ʱ򣬰һӣǸ꣬ɱ
Ƕʱ䣬ǶĭİԼһ˵ӣȻǸкܶȱ㣬ǣһֱֱɱʱ
һЦ˵
ӦʦѧϰĽɺЦ˵
ѧϰʲô˿¶⡣
ʦ֮ãɱķȴ׼һͰɱˣʦԪܳβҶ㼸ꡣĽɵ˵
㻹ǿɰҷԽԽϲˡ˵꣬Ц
İɣһԽԽϲҵģϲɱңǸʱŻʲôİ飬֪İʲô𣿡Ľתæʵ
֪˼֮ǰûаκˣǵһ֪һ˻ʲôоҰɡĸ첲档
Ľɿ˲Ȼ
İһˣΪһУԼ
ȵһ죬ĸԸΪһ˸ʱ֪ʲô氮ˡ
˵ĽɺȻ𲻾ǰСٻͲɳɳΪˣȻԾ
ԭӦûİ㣬ҾԼҪˡ˶Ľɿ˺һᣬգգ
԰ûңԣɱҲ顣
ҪҰȥΪſԳɱҡ
Ľɳ˵
ģһúð㣬Ϊʱ򣬾ɱ㡣ĵ˵ͷ
ĵһ죬ɱ



121 ħŮһ
㻹ܸҽϹʱڵ𣿡
Ľɿǰ峺ƽĺ棬̶ת˻⡣
ϹܸȤ
΢ƣ˵
ǰϹʿʵ쳣ǿᣬҵȺ󱲿Աġ
ǣͬΪʦΪʲôǿԴôΰĳɾͣȴ޷Խǵĸ߶ȡ
ԣͨǵ˽⣬ҳһЩܣȻȡʤ
Ľɵ˵ͷ˵
˿һ࣬ûаЦӣ̲סһ
ȻѰ֮ˣͨʦԲ뷨ȻͨľԺ̤侳磬ҲǴлᡣ¶Ŀ⣬˵һ٣̶̾ϢһֻЩϧˣ
̣ܶȻﵽңɼ侳ʵҲǧѡ
ߵĸԶǣ֮ϵĴδţģҲ
ϧǰʱ⣬Թ޻ھˣΪҿϧҵΪе³ɱ˾Ǻˡ
󷨣ѵ޵𡣡
ֻһ䣬Ϊʲô
ĽȻ̾Ϣĺ壬ںһƽʵ
һ𺳣û˺̸Ҫ֪ĽЩȥͨͨȴ̺һǿΪΪūֵƾˡ
һΪʲô
׵ʹૡ
˼һᣬȻ̧ͷĽɣ˵
˵ЩȻΪ˷ɢҵעԼȡߵĻᡣ
ǣӲòϣЩҵĴܴ󡣡
ҵȷûѡˣһܰ㣬Ҳˡ

Ľп̾һ֪ƺЩ˵
Ȼѩ˲˻⣬дɾ͡Ц˵
ɾͣ벻ἺΪҵľ񰡡ƤЦˡ

ʱҴңĽɺСħŮںլԺУѾס߰ա
ÿ˶Ļ⣬йϹʦ顣
Ȼ⼸УСħŮҲǧټƵѯĽɵݱǲţҹڵŵӡ
ĽɱûʲôȻҲе顣
죬Ľ׼һܰͣһһιͬһСްᡣ
ҪһˣһЩܻ
һﰲȻҰɡ
˷꣬ʵ
һ㣬ɢĽĵ˵ͷ
һǵĻ֮㣬ԣҪһЩƣ޹ϰɡĻЦĸӲãĵ˵
Ȼᣬϼӹ̡ܽĽͣЦص
ãϻ˼Һú÷һҹϲ֮£һ˵ĽɵĻɬ˵
˰ɡĽЩε˵
ᡣ̧ȭͷĴؿڡ
ĽεӣôһŮӣҹĹ־ᶨʧˡ
ȵ˳Թ緹Цӯӯ˹Ķ˵
ͷصԷȥɣ˽ơ
úõϢҺܿͻ
ĽɿЦͷСħŮص˷䡣
ļգֻҪ˲ڵʱ򣬶Ľڲӡķڡ
ĽҲ΢оһ£ȴûа취ȥΪСħŮΪ˿ÿ춼ڷһЩԻ㣬޷Ҫ˵ȥˡ
һߣȻڲŻ
֮󣬶Ľһ࣬ҪĻ˵ӴԱհ
뷨ĽпЦѡ
ô˫మ
Ȼûоʲô󰮣ָ֪˵ġ
ֻ˵һ𣬲˶ԷǼĿ
Ǿóʱڳĺĺ
ĵ˲ףȻ츳죬ǣڸ鷽棬֪ϾһŮֻڶԵĺѡ
Ľ֪ʱСħŮɱԼҲͺίߣ˼֮
һ¹ȥˡ
ƽжȹ
һһŮں˵Цһɾ£ɷˡ
ʵϣ˸˼ʮ־ķŶԷ
ʱ䣬˳ȥĴ˲٣ÿվͻȥһΣȥʲôֻǷ¡
ĽɴɫвѿСħŮȥһҪ¡
ʹˣسǸׯֹ¼ǲģȴҡͷˡ
ĽûбҪѣе֣ѵһħǿߣ
˾Բ²⣬ǸħǿһڣҴһ͹ʢейء
֪ͬеǼСҹԮ˵ûУ
ЩĽɶûʲôϵΨһĵǣԼôħơ
գ˳ȥĴԽƵĽɷÿλһģϸڣĽɶ϶СħŮһǺʲô˽ˣңԷʵ֮¡
һ죬Ľɺˣںͤ塣
ĽɵΧ幦ⶼСʱүү̸ġ
СħŮΧҲΪϲĽɶ˵˵ЦЦ
ÿϲ£ǺĽ塣
УҲôߡ
˱ĽųӣʱЩˣĽɲ
һҪ¡
Ľɵ֣ҡͣҪĽһ
壬´ˣߴһҲûĻᡣ
ÿֻһѡʲôĵ·Ҫһֱȥ
ԣ¼ûҩĵط
Ľ΢Ц˵
Ļ΢΢Щԡ
ĽɵĻ̺źܶൽ˼֮С
ЩûģĶĽɸ
ˣһˡ
ĽɿСħŮˣСƢĽԵӷ˻ȥ
У˵ģ壬ҲӮ㡣
죬ſĽɵ֣߷ߵ˵
ĽɿСħŮƢģһĪо
ⲻϲֻһʸС
ʱɫȻһ̶Զա
Զ˳߷ٸֻǲ֪Էʲôˡ


122 
Ȼ˵ΪĽ࣬ʶȴ̫ࡣ
ֱĽɷϢ֮Űͣ˰գüһ
ãȻһƬɫͬһ̲ѪˮȾƬա
ޱ飬ŰеѪƣһƬ䡣
ˣȻǰѵһ콾Ԫͻ컯硭
һɭɭѪд˳ȴԷӰ
ԭʬڵʦְôпչСúᰡ
һЦ֮ˣĵ˵
ߣô
ȴҵİٹҹдɡ
ΪҲ֪ʲộǼƾҲõ
Ծɲ¶ݣһ˵
ʦ˵ЦˣС΢ʵȥħֵ֮⡣
˽һȻȻĵĽɵǰЦݲ㡣
СħŮȻ֪ħ֮ϣ
˵ħ֮ĸ֣Ĭ˵
Ȼʬ͵ߣ˭֪ңֻħ֣֮ħѾѾãͻȻһʦó˭ģ˭ۺ죬ֻû뵽ôãȴкˣѪ⾫ͼͻ컯硣һЦ
֪ҶԪһ̤컯磬Ȼܳħ֣֮ҵʵȻǣﵽ컯۷壬Ҳǳ£侳磬¼仹˭ƥУʱɱʬڣЩҵȫˣȻʬΪʤݵһѪеһȻ˵
Щ˶УͬһЦЦ
ͳʤݣʦֻῪЦħôǰ֮öûΪͿ
Ϊûмħֵ֪֮ˣͲᳰЦԴˣֻҪﵽ컯ںħ֣֮Ҿ֮ͬ޵еĴڣǿĿֲ󽼲мĺһ
ΪҲ֪ʲôħ֣֮һڿݹǰˣʬڰػ֮ãûоô򦣬Щм˵
ˣ֪ļƣҲִǳңҼȻ˾Ͳ֪ʬûоħֵ֮ôǣҵʦڲǰȴоܣϧ͵˱һңΪ˷ֹй¶ȥֻ֮ȫӵȫںħ֣֮ҳɾͺͼҵ֮ʱ󽼸Ц̬ɭȻ䡣
ʦֺݶĳСʵ
ʦѾںħ֣֮ʵǣŸˡ
˶üһ¶һĨζЦݡ
Ȼûдɣ´ࡣ
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лֳȫ
Ľɹֱȭֿ̬Ͽҡ


123 ӣȥ
վһԣĿĽɺ󽼶Դ
ʼմŵ΢ЦСħŮǳ˽ĽɵԸ
ԣиţҪѡһ
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ĽɺͶԷô˵ѵʾ̶סԼһС
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˿ֺ̣һ˫죬ͻȻǴ
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ɫȦɢһǱӲĳƣʵֲ
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һ죬ص˷
լԺ˲仯Ϊ棬Χ
ľʯ׷ɳȥںУƬƬˮ
̳ɢȥԭزû˵Ӱ֪СħŮȥ
󽼼ҲżٻأΧԼߡ
ĿɨܣѰ˵Ӱ
ৡ
Ϊղʯˮ֮У
ʱȻһȦȦŴŴ˼ޣγһ޴Уת
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ˮڰУʼŤΣΪһűƽͷѪڣ¶ĺɫߡ
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·У׹úȻſڣһɫ緢
ɱմȾ׷׻ɫˮ飬ȥ
ǸոЩƽĺ棬


124 ħ֮
һ۳ˮߡ
㲻ĵӣһɵ£ͬͳζʤݡ
ϧˣԪƱҪߣҳ컯ƿֻһűƾΪ޷֮⡣
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ȻЩн֯һһ޴ˮУĳ·
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СħŮһֱȫ䱸ֻѪɫγɣ̸оѪ֮У̺ħ;޴ܡ
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ۼЧԲаиӶ죬ʮɭ׹â֮֯»ΪһɫֱѪƺȥ

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ħ֣֮֮


125 

ħ֣֮ܣ˿ɵ
ΪĹɫҰףڱ֮Ѫ
ǣȻ֮ɫΪԼǿʵеԺ
ľˣоõȫħ֣֮ѾһЩ컯ǿߵĹ̶ȡ

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ҵĺø磬㿴ʲôһЦ˵

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ǣ˺Ȼó˫̵ɵùԲںȻޱȡ
Ȼƣߣæ߶ħ֮֡
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ΪԼǼɽӡˣ
󽼼ԦѪƣҲ𵽷ãϾרŵķңҪȫ߶ħ֮ȫɱˣѷֳʶٿѪơ
˵ɽӡͷʵС
һλ컯ԲʿԪʱԼȫǿƵģ˵Էֻʦ컯ǿߣӡһѹҲҪ׹Ȫ
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󽼴ʧɫǿȫѪеĻ꣬ô˱ǣͬʱٿħֶ֮˺ݺ䡣
˼ͬһʱ䣬Էһ
ǣ˹ļƣ׼˳ʱ䣬Ȼռ˼ֱˡ
ڻͷһϴ·硣
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СħŮļ㣬ԼӦ΢ܵˣ󽼶ᱻɽӡڵأ㲻ҲܽУʧȥս֮
ǣ㲻㡣
ΪˣʵΪ޴
Ϊؼʱ̣һ
Ϊⳡ񶷴ʲôĽ


126 Ҳ

һ
˿ټԦɫ̨ħ֮׷ɱʱ
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СħŮͻȻ֣𱦼Ȼ˲ʶƵļ
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ǣڵĴǵĶ֣ôж߱ء
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133 
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ŨŨĺɫƣÿһΣϾͻ¶ʹ֮ɫ
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ҵȹӭλ˼٣
ڵڵϣߺ춯أγɹ˻صݡ
ҹڣʱһƬ֮С



134 ȹ⹬һ
ĽĬȻеķɴ
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񵺣һΪصĵطǺ嫴½ǿߵĻ֮أ˱Ϊ
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ǲ֪֪ҹʦмأΪ񵺵ĸҲûʲô
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ǧ̾һһ˲Ʋ࣬˻֣ʾȥɡ
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˵ĳ֣Ľûа㾪ȣŮӳ֮ǰѾˣһֱڰ۲ŸֱŮ֮ʮʦעʩչֶΣͳͳɱ
˶컯Ϊ
ĽɿԶˣ˵
ܵǿʶ쳣ǿ
Է컯֮ϵĴڣҲԸݶԷжϡ
վڴȹ⹬ڣȴǳٳû߽ȥһĻĽɻ
ɴŮӿǰӴ󹬵֮󣬴ӻóһƣûаԥֱӶ޴󹬵
һ̣һɵâӹ˸
ɴŮӿâ֮󣬽ɨһΧһΣ̳â֮С
󣬺һȥ
ǵӰӴ׹ʱ򣬶ʱסˣһ˲䣬ʧĽɵ֮С
Ľͫ͵һûаɣӰһһ㣬ƽȹ⹬Χ֮ڡ
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ಣ
һӰƮĽɵӰѾ˴ȹ⹬ſ֮ǰ
żҪĹâȻ˽ȥ
âһ˲䣬һǿȫ
Ķ̱ĳٻֻǰͻȻһģ
ϢӰʧˡ


135 ȹ⹬ֻط
׹ɢһлָƽ
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ܣŸֵ伮еҩ㣬ڴ֮С
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ĽɲûнȥĿԷͬҪǲ鿴ҹʦĹ伮ԼйƵƽ֮
ڣһͦӰٵƶţ˷һһ룬ҪٶѰҵõĶ
ϷһƬûаŲĽĽЩɻ󣬵ûóȻȥ
ԼȥᱻԷϳ̶鷳
Ͼҹڵĵ̣򲻵ѣǲðյġ
һе鼮ܶ࣬ʱںѿ꣬ãһЩҹʦƽ¼
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Ľо˸ԥĽ봢ڡ
ⲿҪߣеİ޷Уֻгȥ֮ϸ
û뵽ҹھȻĹ飬ûнƣ󷽷ķЩԴˡ
Ľ߹֮󣬷ЩףһɴŮӻȻ֣ԼѲ˸ϵҧҧٴδһӣһƿǧ衣
һƿ⼤ŭ˺ɴŮӣ̶չ
ң˲̰ᣬºʮʯƿ
˲֮ҲѾ뿪˵ˣƿǧ裬һҲܳɹͻ컯ˡ
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ãһҪڣǽɴŮӵķȹ⹬ġ
ڷѾʧҪ취뿪ˡ
ܷտռ䣬Ľɰ̾һͷ۲ѡ



136 л
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ʱ򣬱˵ˣԼҲҪΣ֮С
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û򱦸Ĺº𸳣



137 ҿɲ
죬𸳴һɫۣǴºЦݡ
Ľɵĵһƣֱȥ
Ư֣ĳǵþˣСѾǧȡˡ
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Ľ΢̣һԶļƻγɡ

ٴλصţҹ
ǣɽûʲô˿أҲʡ鷳
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֮һİȴЩϤӰ
ӵĳ֣Ľ˾棬ݲȵ˹ȥ



138 ټŵ
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139 ù
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ǣֻǱԶԶûô򵥡
ĽһתӶԷϣƣһƽи¶ڽ֮ɫ
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140 ˵е
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ʱŵһ֮Ҫһ㣬Ľһ
ͻȻС֣һץסȲĻ̌üĴһ㣬һ͵Էڣͬһʱ䣬ŵСҲ˵ϡ
ܿҪˣһΪϲߡ
ȻԼѽ
ĽɿŻеŮӣૡ
һ֮ûаֱӳԶȥ
ŵ֮飬ȥˡ
Ѿ֤Ϊ˾һҵЩѾ㹻ˡ
ڵĽɣֻһͷҵһ֮չس컯
ΨһҪ飬Ҳ֮·
Ī޳ǶһдСƵɽ֮С
һȻ𾴵ĵطΪ˴һҹڡ
ҹѾûˣѾǰҹڣѾΪǿģһ֣ڡ
˿̣ڵĺɽһľ֮ǰ
һ۵ĿϥԺڣ΢΢ףԶĬ
ɫƫף˿ԶĬ֮̾˿
֪ˣͲþ
ô鷳£
¶֮ɫ̬мӼԹվת߽Сľڡ
겻ǱˣĽɣòģһҵ˶ԷĴŵ֮󣬾ֱȥ
˭룬˴Լʮ룬ȻճһƬϼɫ֮Ľһ̶òš
ΪϼҹΪһЩ콾ר׼ȱ벻ŵոսڣӵ˴û뵽ǣԷȻǰѹҶ˴˱Ľɱ⸽չȴΪ;һʱϻš
׷뿪ŵԼһᱻɣʱһЩҪ鷳ֻûȥˡ
ȻĽϣ콾䣬ȫ
ȴûв鵽ϣΪոսڲãʵΪ
ڸȻ˷ʱ䣬Ǳչص飬ֱˡ
Ľվľڣ͸ѻɽľ֮ɫŨ
ڵӣڵӴͬڵǰһ
ڲԼʦָȫƭ˵ģ治ѡ
ֱҸطչأ̤컯ˡ
Ľ¶һ˿Ц
һ̣ʲô첽˳ȥץһľֱ֮ɽȥ
ڵʱһϤӰѾǰһӡ
Ľû˵ľݸԷ֮תȥ
ӽӹľƺһľСõĳɽȥ
Ľɿߺ˿
һ۽еţӰһʧԭء



143 һҪȥ
Ŷڵӵĳ룬ܵĸˡ
ǰԭһؼҿĸ²֪ܻȥˡ
˵Ϊڵӳ˴£Ͳ֪ˡ
꣬˵С㣬ǻʵŰɣ˵Ĳ˵
ţ˵ĶԣһˣǸϽȥɡ
һɽȵٲ֮£ˮͰһһߵۡ
ĽվԶǵӰ˵ɵüͷ
û뵽Żڽϣȥһˡ
ӣֻһС·ȥˡ
Ľ¶֮ɫĳٲȥ
ˣˣˣ
ոߵٲ·Ľɿˮ̶еĵӰȻһ
Ȼ̧ףԶ˿Ӱȥ
ôֳˣ
ĽаЩͷ۵˻ȥ
£Ϊģڵҹڵľ˼Ļ⡣
ڵӼ
֮еڵӣһʱƫϣвߣػܵ𷣡
ᣬĽɾƫǰǰȺߵһߣйԵʡ
˺ܶ࣬˿ʼжʱһƬ
ͻȻǰ̨֮ϣһâ˸ѹɢ
ţ˲һƬһ¶Ÿ̨ϵı仯
һλɫ۵ߣ˲˸̨棬ȻĿųڵӡ
ݼӳϣ
ߵĳ֣ʹóе
컯Ϊ
Ľɿ̨ߣ˫ü΢΢һ
һ۾Ϳ˶Էʵǲ֪˵⡣
ڵӼȻ컯ǰôһ򵥡
ˣл˵ϷӵټҹһҪ˵
߿ǰڵӣ˻֣ʾҰ
ҪѡһЩǰɭϵ
£һȻĽ֮󣬶˳˼֮С
ɭϵأŵӱ뾭һ֮á
ÿǰʮڵӣڵǰ
ÿʮһΣдűμӵ
ԭֻһνΡ
ȻҲǴڡ̫һĳȣǲ˲٣ÿǲ⣬˵˵ȡ衣
ңʱŵĵӣԲа֮ģÿڶȫ
Ϊʲô֮󣬳еӻķӦˡ
ΪǲɵӣȻȥ
ȥˣҲȡõΣһҲò㽱
ŬȵĻԶȳȥðգЩ黮öࡣ
Щڵӵ뷨̨ߵ˼˲ȥĿɨųеӡ
Ŀһɨͷ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
״ӵݲűĺÿһЩ
ˣϹأһԵɣ
ſڷһͺȣ̧֣ٹͷ
֮УȻһɫССڲɢɫԵΪ졣
үһҰɣССȥ
ңңһҡ
ҺûԵûԵ
ĽɿͻȻ֮ʱĶߴ
ֻԵڵϣ˫ֺʮüͷ˫ۣвͣ߶š
꣬ĽɷȥֺܶŮ¶벻׷Ľ˿Ц
벻ôڣҪŽڡ
뵱ѰԵ˵ķһģһ
Ÿ̨ϵ˫Ľ
תһ룬ȻһĨ⣬еʱһĨϲɫ
Ҳɭϵ֮УһҪȥ
ý˻ᣬֱڵƿأʱұչ֮ȻҪڼࡣ
ұթˣҿ԰ĵ
뵽ĽһĨЦ⣬ŰӴûа¡
ɫСɢĺɫ·ֶ
壬ǵ¶ʹ֮ɫ󣬻ָƽ
ĽϸеѾѡ˶ʮˣЩѡеˣΪڵе̳
˿̣ǵüĴһӡǣ֤Ե֮ˡ
ɫٶȺܿ죬գ۹򣬾Ľɵߡ
оһɱ֮ڣ֮չԿҪһ㣬һԴԴϵ룬һȦ֮󣬲塣
Ľɾķ֣ɫ뿪֮󣬲û°ӡǡ
ĽЩɻʩչ֮һɻɫһ㽫Щ
ǹɻɫĽɲɵЩͷۣ˻ʴеȫƿأֻԼõʱŻԼָӣƽﶼתû뵽˻֮еֿá
Ľɲ֪ôźõʱߣһſڷʹһɫӡڶԷü֮룬г壬û˿ͨһ˵ϣڴϢĬ
ĽɿŶԷӣ˼ΣһתüĴӡǣкȻðһ󵨵뷨͵ץ꣬¶صĿŶԷ
㡭Ҫʲô
¶֮ɫĽɽԼץʹȫҪѣȴûаá
ĽɨһΧȺִҶǱ˫ۣ߶ʲôûעߵı仯
Ҫ£ҿɰ㣬㲻ǰɭϵء
ǣҪ侲ҪС
ĽĶ˵Ļ˵Ϊ
˿ˣȻѣЩɵĿ
Ļ֣֮̌лӿ֣˻֮һ
֮ʱԸܵһƽϢһΪֲ
Ľɿǰ꣬ʳָᰴڶԷüӡ֮ϡ
ɴ˫ۣϾ֮ɫԽԽŨΪ˿̣üĴĻӡǶˡ



144 ǵù
ɫף˲
Ľֹͣȴ˵仰
Ľ¶֮ɫŶԷü֮ϵӡǣлһĨȻ
˫üȻһ壬ͻȻ𣬺ʲô
ҳ
Ľеͺ˻֮Ȼ
һ˲䣬üĴӡǹʧˡ
̨ϵ߶ϣ·Ĺ㳡һ֮ɫ
ǣһ̣ͻȻһ˿쳣ȻЩɵĿһط
ҡҡͷϣ˼֮С
ĽᴭϢţͷð˿˿ˮԱߣһԲѵꡣ
˿̣֮ɫΪü֮ϣһɫСºȻ
û뵽չ˻֮ĿԶ߱˵ӡǡ
˵˷һЩʱ䣬ǵҲֵˡ
Ľɲȥͷϵĺˮ˿
ղΣա
ҼʱջأҪˡ
Ľ΢̧Ÿ̨ϵߣ۵һ˿ɵ
ԻԹȥ꣬̾˿
㻹˯һɣ֦ڣѡν֮Ҳ١
һˣӴȡһöɫ裬С
öӦÿ˯һˡ
òϣֵҩĶǲ١
һԷһ޳ܵСˣϵʯͦġ
ĽһЦЩ֮һ˿䡣
սһҵ֮˶ԷĴʵСһʣʯʮ֮࣬ڵеĸˡ
ʯиָ쵤ҩ˻Բѡ־塢о綾ĵҩЩҩԸһЩͽʦЧǣԸʦôɾûôˡ
ȻһЩƷʽϸߣϴĵҩ統նԸŵ鵤һǿĶҩֵҩֻһٲ֣Ľɿ֮иΪˡ
֮⣬һӵ鼮
ɽš
Ȿһ鼮صĽɴδ˵һ㡣
ԴˣĽЩɻ󣬵ȴûжպпо
Ľڳ˼֮ʣΧĺɫѾƮɢȻѹص̨ϵӡ
ѾɫСϿʧ١
Ȼվڸ̨֮ϣɫȻɨ·ȺĮڡ
ˣüĴֻӡǵˣٸϷ
˭ҵʱ䣬ڹ洦ã
䣬ӰȺг˳ȥվӵǰ¶֮ɫ
Ľɿ֮󣬻Ⱥȥͬʱעı仯
Ҫʱʱֽ̱̿¶öԷ͸ʵΪ
Ľһϸ̨֮ϵģӴۣ漴һתɨһµˡ
ΪھӢӦ֪ԼʹҲܶڵ档
֪ɭϵ֮У˶ŵ档
Ż³Ҳ·һ
£ֻ¡һ
ӻһƣǰʯ÷飬Ŀɨˡ
պ֮ǰϣʱ˭Ҳ³һ
ˣ°ɣһȥú׼
˵̤꣬նһԶȥ
·Ⱥһɢֻ¸̨ϵĽɣʮŸӣĬȻվ
Ǹ˵ǲӦҽܣ໥ʶһء
ʱһˬʵȺ֮
һϸƤ꣬΢ЦŴ˵
곤üĿ㣬һɫԳĲԣŹӵܡ
ùȥ˻ش𣬴㿴ңҿ㣬̾Ϣһ׼ɢȥ
ιι˵λͬţҪüİ
¶֮ɫü˵
ΣأܷǸδ֪֮
ڴƨģʵսʱϡ
ڽԼûаôֻлȥΨһѡ񡣡
һмĽ˳Դͷȥһɫڵꡣ
ڷ국ĮĿһΧֱ֮תԶȥ
ԷĻĽΪͬ˵ʲô̸ֽ˵еôǣΣʱֻһΪ˭Ҳűˡ
뵽ĽȻת߿ˡ
ĸ̨棬ֻʣһٲˣĶȥ׼ˡ
ĽֱӻصɽСľݣպɭϵ֮Уء
֪û컯ǿߴڡ
ڵսϼʦԽԷȫһҵ
컯ʿý֮³ֻȪ㶯ãʤ˵˻ʴе
ĽϥԺУ˼Ӧ֮ߡ
һ֪ܻܲ˵
ԣҪԼ׼㹻·ƻб䣬ҲðȻߡ
׼ʱ䣬ȥ򱦸һЩ֮
ǣʱǲȥΪãŻɣֻоȴˡ
ĽɿЦһվЩɻĿź󷽡
󷽵һƬïУһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ߣʲô
һֺӰĽɵڣ֮ƽʵ
ϻȻǹǰɭˡ
ǵùһڵӰôƫƫѡ㡣
治֪Ǹ˵㵹ù˰
ǰһߴڴϢһߴ󺰵
ңҪ˵Щ𣿡
ĽɵȻĿŶԷתľȥûаСӵ˼
߿ıӰɫ˲ѿȥ̾Ϣһ
ʵͦõģЩĮľͷ
һߣ֪Ժ󻹻᲻ټˣұ밲οһµģǣӣ治֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ǧһɣĽʦ֣أһҪš
˵꣬ٴ̾Ϣһתɽȥ
Ľ֮һĨЦԷĹ֮⡣
ΪĽɲԸԷཻ̫ΪСӡ
ߣһˣȻ磬˵³಻á
ǣʼռź˻кñǻ᲻Ҳ֪
֮·̤֮޷ͷϣеΪ·ʺ㡣
ģӰĽĿͬš


145 鰮
չɽ֮ǰ
һվȻĿǰ
Ⱥһ֮࣬дɫһˣʮ˺ۼ
˿̣ǵǰվһߣӡ
ӱɨһ֮ڡ
ܺã˶ˣȸϷһǰɭϵء
ǣ

̫СϷüͷһ壬˵
ǣ
ȣˣص˷
һȻƣϿ۶ɢһϢ
ĵ˵ͷȻתĿԶȵ
һڿն̤ޣĸ·Ⱥ
ȻƺƵȺ̳ǰȥ
Уһ꿴ţ̾Ϣһ
Ȼз紵˷˿ס˫Įۡ
Ľɣǰɭϵӡ
ɫڵݣڵӵɰڵӺʮ콾ɵĶ飬̤һ֮á
ӴĶ飬Ѿ߳Ī޳ǣڼûаͣɭ֮طǰ
ĽɿŶǰеķ˼ء
ŵۣ֮ǰɱ̫һźͷȵˣɽҲˣȻ̫һźͷȲ֪ҵʵݣǿɽڱȻ֪ģʱһװһźá
ĽĬĬǰ·;۵һ˿֮ɫ
ɭϵأг·̣ȫǰеٶȣҲҪʱܴﵽ
ʦﵽƲ֮󣬾ͿΪԱٹһ֮á
̤֮󣬳ײýʳԣٶԽԽ죬û˿ͣ
峿֪УѾϦ¡
ƴ黹ǰУЩĽɻǣΪʲôɳֱӷԾȥɱȵ汼ɵöࡣ
ǣ˿ԻشֻܸӼȥ
Ķߣʱһ䱧Թ
ӳǿš
ŵӶǳȥɡ
һ·ǿˣҪǵĽడ
һ߷߲Ľɵ
ӣ˵һʦǾˡ
ҳϴ˻ڰпǣСıܵ𷣰
һӵƺ֮ǰʶ
һʲôµģǵʵɭϵ³Ҳ硣
ǰĴβǵ׵Ĵڣһ̲Ϊ˸
ʱɶһЦúһӡ
ӵ󣬵Ե
ܶ˳ĬУͬĵ˵ͷһĻĽɲɵҡҡͷ
֪
Ľ̾Ϣһ
δʼ˵ֻҾģƴ˱ɡ
Ľɲûпڷ̧ͷһۿеߣΪɻΪôõͽǰɭϵأľЩѽ⡣
ҹڣȻ񵺵˼ȻޣǣҲһּΪ̵˵˵ڲҷ񵺵Ӷ֤ҹЩһĲ࣬Ͼ˼ûб̲
Ľо˸һֱɻ󣬵ȴûаͷ
¸ߵЩ⡣
ɭϵ֮Уǰ˵طᱻųЦ
Ͼ糾µµǰУɭЩǱûаôǣⲻص㡣
뵽Ľǰʮ۵ĵӣǴ˴ʮ콾
ʮ콾ΪĶڣҪɳݣڻʲôԲʵĴڣֵ˼ˡ
ǰΪ׵һӣĽٴһĨ⡣
Ϊһﵽ˰벽컯ĲΣĽһ۾ͿˣҶԷͨİ벽컯һۺѷɫһ컯ʿ콾Ӧôǲμһε
ڣﵽ컯ֱ֮ӽΪϣŴСڱص
ڿȥڶ࣬컯ǿ߼٣ֻʮˣ侳һûС
Ľ˽Щ֪֮ΪʲôҹڳΪ˳ΪûǿǼΪҪһ㡣
ڡ̫һţɽڶǿߣҹ޷ģ˵ǧǰҹҲԻ͹һӣȴֻ꼻һְˣǧֻ컯ԲΪ˵ֻѾ̤䣬ǣﵽ仹Զ
ͣϢһ֮ǰУ
ʱǰһ
˵ˣΪ׵ĺӡ
ǣʦ֣
ص˳صޡ
ӴĶͣվԭɫȻĿǰΪꡣ
ͦΣӢȴЩ䣬кܶŮһĽ
ԴˣĽɲ⣬ںֻǶԷʵ
ͣϢ֮Ľ߿գߵӰʧһ㣬֪ȥˡ
ֻһϢʱ䣬ǲһڵ
˷Ϊ棬;Զõöࡣ
Ͼ·̻ңԶʱܲϢʱ䣬һδ֪֮
пͣϢ֮󣬿Ѵһ䡣
ϥ£ĿǲԸ˷Ѱʱ䣬Կ֮ļΪᶨ
ĽûаնԷĻȥӵа벽컯ΪԼ˵·̣ʮ£ҲĲ˶ƾǿԼֵɭϵأҪ׼һЩαװԼĶ
Ľϥڵ֮ʶĵɢ˷ʮСģȻ˲ľٶΪ˷ֹʣǽ̽Ϊá
Ƭ̹򣬷ԲڵĽɿνָơ
Щ֮ſ˫տȻ漴ԶС
˿̣еߣɫļѵŮֱĿƷ˻һ㡣
һĻôеЩмЩĿ⣬˼ɱ⡣
ĽɵУһɫȹŮӣĳ˹ȥ
һһӯƮȻ
ȹŮӸոߵеԡ
ü΢΢һƺ֪һ㣬˫ĮȻڡ
˪ʦãʱ仹ǻȥɡ
˴ɭΣذ
˪ˣź촽ֱӵߣȫںΧӵĿ⣬ĬĬԲ
αء
̾Ϣһ˫վӣŮӵĿһ˿ӡ
˪ΪɭϵصģҲ֪ΪʲôҪμ
ֻ֪ģҾģ档
˪ǰӢ꣬ҧ´гᶨ֮ɫ
ŮĶԻĽдΣ벻Ů֮鰮ߵﶼܿŵһŨŨĻҩζк˪ĲԶһһŭ֮ɫĿǣȻƺһһȥ
Ľɼˣۣһ̾


146 
Ҫ߶òܵ
һĽɵĶС
Ļһ·Ѿ֪پ䣬Ķ䶼Ҫˡ
ΧһȺڵӣϾ¶ƣ֮ɫް㶷־ΪΡ
ԴϴϢ֮˵һްϢʱ䣬ҹȻڵԹһƬ
ڵ˵ұԹΪǱʵԶڵӡ
Ƕк˪ΪףǶ˲ڣ˲
ʲôұ졣
߶೤ʱ䣬ǾͱԹûûˣڳһŲӻһҵ㣡
ǰһɫ۵ĳȻתһŭɫĿڵӣȵ޲ýЩڵȫɱһ㡣
棬Ըǿһ·ûвȺڵӡ
ԴˣĽûаоӸоʮֲˬ
ˣʦܣϾҪˣôڼһɡ
еǰ߷ߵɨһۺ󷽵ڵӣƺһתǰС
ڵ֮˾񣬼̶ݹ
ת֮ǰƣ󣬾ΪһϾҪˡ
Ľɿǰѹѹɽ΢̣ճһĨЦΪɭɽľѾǰ
ҿʼȫٿ񱼵ʱһϤӰ˲ǵǰ
ӭϴˣ
ͣ½Ų
ţϥأһĿǰߡ
еӼ֮еķӦһ׷׹ڵϣ鹧Ŀߡ
ǰ·ϣʧӡ
ĽɿԷûа㾪ǰȫ֮УǿɾĳЦ
Уĺܺá
һҪҺţԼλʧ
ΪһεɭǱȡʤ
ɨһˣĿеϣ̬¶֮⡣
жȫԸź
˲˵
ĵ˵ͷź󷽵һȺӣȻȵ
ȫҴѾﵽɭɽ֪Ǵ˶ܲ⣬ΪʲôҪжǳǣΪûʸ񣡡
ȴ羪һ㣬¡¡
óеӣʱоͷһɾ޴ѹ£òܡ
Ľ˫üһоһ֮Ȼڣһɵĵϥ¡
Χڵӣһ⣬ȫſ˵ϣƮ죬¶ʹࡣ
û뵽컯ʦչ֮֮󣬿֮ǰҵ͹컯ǿߵʵĽܵ޴֮ƽһڵĲ֮УԼǰʶ˺ܴĸı䡣
ʵҲֲĽɣǰо컯֮޵ǿᣬֻԼᵽˣܸоǹĿֲΪ컯ΣֻƿϱҪǿֱ˿ŷԼ뷨Ǵġ
컯ԽҾԽڴ
Լﵽ컯֮󣬽ʲô
뵽Ľмᶨ֮ɫŨһɶĿ֮С
˿̣󲿷ڵӶſ˵ϣӼˣһ
һȺƾĵӣȫר
ôֻ֤ˣҪ֤ԼҪóͬս㲻
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ߺվԱߣ˪վӣе⣬֮ɫ
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147 ԽεˣԽ
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ԭֶе˵淢ƴɱԷ˻һҵˣе˵ǲСһЩֲܿĽС
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ֻһһˣڳ˲μĵ֮⣬ʣһˣûжѡȣЩᡣ
Է֮УǾ޴ռݡ
춼һͷһޣӵԲΪ½ٶȼ졣
Ǻӵһͷһɫ
̫һŵһͷϡе񣬾˵ϹᣬĽɲ֪
ɽڵһͷɫͷɢ׺Ϣ˿ĿɨΧȺϵĺš
󳬼ˣΨȱڣԭĽɲ֪
˿̣վȺ֮УĿĿſɽڵĵطһ˿ء


148 
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ٿɭڣҲЩС
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սֵӻôֲ̫һŵĵӣÿζջС
սֶȻ׼ɡ
Ż󺺵£ٴδһߵĴЦ
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ڰУӰȻǴ˴δŵӲμĳϡ
֮ǰ˵Ļ̫һŵĳϣԻߣĽһ۾ͿˣԷǿɽڵʿ
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ǣȴʼձֽ˭֪ɽڵӣû˼ǵò
Ϲǿɽһһ˿̾ˣ㽫ͨ򿪣̫һŵĵӣѾȲˡսŶİߣһ֮󣬾ء
ˣȻˣҪλһֲС
ȻҶûǾͿɡ
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ĽƽǰĺɫͨȻ֪ͨδ
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ڵӣ׼ȥɭ
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ԣǰ̤һ˾Ҫɫ֮ͨС
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ãˣ
Ľ֪һʱӦ
һΣȻɭ֮У



149 ˭ң˭Ҫ
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λ˭ܰ´ˣɽڱк
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ӺϴĽɶУǰĵ·ѾѪ
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֮ʧʮ꣬ٶȳڲμĵ֮УʵΪǿᡣ

ĳ档
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ǺڵģǺڵģеһжǺڵġ
طƺڰ㲻ľ
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տռɭϵУǱȽϳġ
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ĽֻοԼСͷտռ䣬ôڵĵطһ֮ء
ڿռ籩֮УһСĿռ䣬ԼҲܰȻˮεûв´Ӧһķտռ䣬Ҫ˴򿪣Լ߳ȥ
Ľ⾫һͷ֮ͨϥڵϡ
ʱҲȥ簲



150 µһ
֮Ľ̾Ϣһ
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ȫⰲ컯硣
̤컯֮󣬻û˰Ҵ򿪿ռ䣬ֻǿдȥˡ
뵽ü͸һĨ֮ɫԺðһݶļƻ
Ҫ̤컯Σӵ컯ʱû˰򿪷տռ䡣
ƾ컯֮ȻԴȥЩص㣬ص֮ǰһս
ɽڵ˵ϳԼҴӲķӦ;ٶԷҪץԼ
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ĽɿΧޱߺڰһкȻһɫʯ
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ЦмڽŨŨĲʣѾˡ
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Ȼ֪ЩվһߣǣµĻҾ棬Щ
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152 
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һʽɶ޼䣡
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УͼĿâ
˲䣬ĽУһɹɾɢ
Χԣһ̣յǣһ㣬ϵĳĽɵӿ롣
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153 
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154 
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ʦ֣Բ𡭡Բܷܷûãʦֵˡܷܷʵ˵
ˣˣûˣʦֲãðԼ棬ǲǰҵĴˡһЦŮӵգ͡
£һЦŮ˲ա
ܷܷܵĵĸȾ̶η壬ĻվȥϵˮĿһۡ
߰ɣʦѾõˣǳ׿ڷԸġ
ֻҪǽţܵõϴ˵ķ͡
΢΢һЦ̳֮һɫӣָŴŮ˵
𣬴ﵽʲôȻǽΪŵӡ
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ܷܷһ¶ϲ֮ɫǣ˵󣬾Щ
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ײһ𣬶ʱγһ籩
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¶ŭɫ籩һ߳ǰһ
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˿̣һһŮ˹ûа֮С
ĸɵˣ
ɫһͺȣһ̳Уһļơ
ܷܷһֻɫԲУһ˫Ķǰ֮ˡ
˿ǵľٶ̲סһ
ΪЩľٶ𣿡
չʮ꣬ɱС֮䡣
֮ԵȵڣΪղеǼｻ˲ĻֻлȪ·δԵˡ
˵꣬˾ĬվǰŮһۣƶԷ˵ѾС
ɫһ粻˵ĳûаܹӦһ˲䷢˹ϮĻ˵չֵ뷴İʦˡ
ǣڳԽ֮ܴȥһ죬š
ȥ㲻ûҪܵ𷣣˿ѡѾ
ܷܷȻĵǵǵĿΧϣܹһЩ취
ͬŲһʱҲ벻ʲôð취ֻܽСĵԶĺˡ
ǰһԣʦö̫һŵĵӣǰҵߴºڳϴ֪ǰҲкǰ˼ĳ֮ƽ˵
֪С̫һѹҡ
ޣٲǾ͵Ȫɡ
˵мڽɱ⡣


155 ΥӰ
ɭû¶ȡ
һɭϢϵĴӺɢ
ĸоһǿҵΣ֪Լڽˡ
ܣ
ĵͺһ˲佫֮ﶪİŮӡ
ţȻһƳŮӻӳһĻܷܷʱһ㶡
ߣҪңһҪ뿪
ܷܷԲʦһˡ
ƿеŮӣּ䣬һɫ
һɹϵ볤֮УһʮɴСâ˲۶
һֱ̣ˣȻն䡣

һž޴âȻ£ȻˣΡȻȫް֮⡣
޴âǰ̧֣ž޴âһƻӳ
飡
һֻɫƺȻŽâ͵һץ
޴âǱӲץס͵һȭâ˲߽⻯Ϊʧ
ܷܷߣ
ķһ˻¶Ȼ֮ɫֳֳź˳˹ȥ
ʦ֣
ܷܷһ󺰣̶֣ȴץ
ԶԼӰ䣬ġ
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Ȼˣͳȫǡ
䣬ŷ꣬Цһٴ̧֣ǰһӡ
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ķһŭɫһָ
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кâһֳ̧źһָǿὣʱɨƬ
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룡
˴һӣһǿҷ籩ϯ
ܷܷһ˫ץǰһתһɫĻ˲˶ϡ

ҺŮӺӾԵɳȥصˤԶ档
ǣ
һѵĵϴʱһҽС
Ը㣬㣬Źǡ
ܷܷһĺУʱһС
裬ųصĽżѵĲȥ
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㽫ｻķϣԼѡһ
˿ŮӣǼڽ֮ɫЦ˵
ո˵꣬ŮǰѪӿʱһѪ
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ˣ˷ʱˣⱻ˷֣֦ڡ
С˰磬Ȫ·ټɡ
˹һЦ̧֣۶ʱһ硣
ڿ֮һ޴ӰȻŮӵͷϡ
ͬһ·Ůӣ䡣
£һХգۼγһ޴籩
ɣ
˿γɵķ籩һͺ𣬾޴Ȼ䡣
ƾҪŮӶͷϵʱһȻ쳹ʡ
ƣ
羪ףص˷ޡ
޴Χķ籩һȣɢļ
ͬʱںУһɫâ
â˲䣬ƬеľȫΪҽһұȻ
һ˲䣬ԶâһΥӰ˺˵֮С
ĳ֣ú˵ɫ䣬ɵķĺ
ǸӰǸӰôôƣⲻܡ


156 ˭
Ľɣ
ʧег֮⡣
ǰӰָŶԷ֡
ﱾ޸ߵ֣֮Լ֪ģֻûг԰ˡ
ռ䣬Ҳˡ
Ľ뵽ΧĴأƻĽ
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ͻȻһѹžɵĿ⣬ԶָԼĺˣ˫ü΢΢һ
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ȻԼͻռʱһս
ȻоǽĺȴǿƽСĵĿΧڿ˺Բѵˣ֪
ӶԷϵѪͻԵ״̬ĽȻ²õ˫һ֮һһûƴɱ
˵ûа˺ۣ۶ΨжԷǰһһŮŶˣĽһתȻ֮ǰ̸
ڵϵĶˣǳִ򿪷ӡռһһŮ
ǣ˭Էгҵ֡
Ȼ뿪еõһЩõϢ
Ľɳ˼֮ĮĿԶĺˡ
ĽɣĽɣȻ㣡
Ŀ¶֮ɫһȵĺС
󣬺Եһ㣬֮£
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ԷĻĽкâһɱɢ
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׳գ
ŶԷŵ̬ĽƽĿڡ
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ɫɫչ˼ҵĶԿĽɺͺ֮䣬ʱһ޴籩
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ɫ籩ްɫȻײŶԷһʱ䳾
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һ̣һɫӰ̳˾籩Զĵطǰ籩һ֮ɫ
ͬʱĽɵֶƽĿԶĺˣиǶһʯ˲顣
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ĽаӸղŵĵһν棬ܿԷΪһԲĲΣҰֻѾ̤컯Ľᣬһν֮һʯ
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飡
һգһʯѿΪһ˿˿ߡ
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Ҳ
ĽƽĿŶԷ˵ĸ֡
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˵꣬˷һЦһ
һ̣˲ĽɵϿգȭȻһȭ䡣
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Ľɷһͺһưأһ޴ɫֵʱεض
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޴ȭͷʱײ˹档
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һϢҰ޼ͼ˲γɡ
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֮䣬ﵽ۷״̬˲䱩ǡ
΢΢ףϷ۵˫֮û˿η֮ɫ
ҽµʯΪɶ޼֮С
ĻԷһͨ޷ֵ
ֵҲҪش˵ʵȷǿ
ĽɿŰеӰ֮ɫŨ
ԥһΣʧԭء
Ľɣܣ
Ľɸոƶεһ̣һǿҵΣȻϯ
Ľ˼Ӱһٴʧʧ˲䡣
һֻʮɴСİɫȭѹ֮ƣȻ¡
¡
ȭ䡢ض
Ľԭվ֮ѾݣγһɴСľ޿ӡ
ھ޿γɵһ˲֮䣬˵Ӱͬ
һǣվܲģ



157 ûǸ
޿ӳ֣죬쳹Բǧ
ø˷׷׸Ӧ΢仯
˿̣һĿһ¶֮ɫ
һߴ֮ϣһƮƮӰȻ
¶֮ɫԡ⣬紵С
ģüһ΢΢ԶգһĨЦ⡣
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£˼֮УЩյĿǰ
СᣬȻһ磬ӰʧԭأӰ
һƬʪ֮УоŵӰǰС
УһͷԵ꣬ӿŲΪʵ
ʦ֣𣬸ղź¡һ
ʦ֣㿴𣬾Ǹ򡣡
ʦ֣˵ҪҪȥһ¡
Ϊ׵ĻӣһۣεĿڡ
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ɢĿֲǿԳܵġ
˵꣬Ϊͣ˽ŲĿ
ĻΧͬŵͫһ׷̧Զա
֮ǰͷ꣬˿ɫһ죬̧ͷûټȥ
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Ϊ׵Ļ꿴ǰ֣Ȼ˵
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ڱըͬʱɭϵвμʦȫܵǹɿֲܶ˺֮£Ŵ˴ȥҲһЩ֮ˣûóȻǰɭȴǷһСģıҡ
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Ľɣҵˣ
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˷һɭЦ޴ȭӡٶȱǣֱĽɳȥ
죬ƺƴ޿赲
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ǿǿԻ꣡
Ľʶ˶Էͨǿᣬ¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
ŶԷʧȥһ㣬˱߼
Ľ֪ҼΪϤʧȥƿصı֡
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ˣĽĳҲ޾塣
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Ľ˺ͬʱſڵͺһ
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ն˫ĨѪâŨŨϯ˷
ɫԲʼҡӾҪֲסˡ
Ľɼˣˣ˰ٲ֮⣬ֱָ̧֣񷡣
ɱ¾ͨһָ𣡡
Ľɷһͺ𣬰˷˲ͣӿ
ָ˲ľӨ͸覡
ȴûаɱȥǹ졣
Ľɿ֮û˿ȣҽ͵һ̤棬̱һɹѪâڱͬʱüӡǣҲøʺ졣
ۣ
ĽɷһѪâϳָ۶ȥԭӨ͸ָѪâ֮󣬱ĹʶĿɢһɿֲѹ
䣡
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˺ɫԲĽĽȻȥ
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Ľɿųɱ꣬˲£ŶԷһָ
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£һѪɫ̴Ľָⱬ
޴ĳ嵹ɳȥѪɫٶȣ˲ϡ
һѤѪɫΣʱƬø˷е˾һ


158 һָ
ɭϵϿգѪɫâӳƬʡ
вμʦȫһѪɫâ
ѪâɢĿֲѹ˵ͫ׾Ϊ컯
ԶڽսеʦţȻͣԭء
Ѫâ֮󣬷׷˺ǹѾܳܵĴڡ
ÿﶼ컯ΪʦͶ䣬ܻһҵС
Ľһͨȫﵽ컯ˮ׼Խ컯ʦȫһ
ĿֲսвμˣԸܵŨŨΣ
컯ʦߣ
â죬˺Ѳ񷡣
У˲ѿһ޴ɫС
ϵתţпֲ֮ʹһƬҡ
γɵһ̣ԭʵգʱڹӿ
䣡
Ȼһ𣬺ɫ˲佫âһգٴιƽ
˿̣Ľûа;飬ȻѪâģǣڵһΪΣյľ档
飡
һƻӳǰʯ
Ľɫ԰ףʯ˳
ӺǱƮƬʺ죬һ޴İɫȭӡı
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˵Ĳᰡ
Ľ̾ϢһٴѪ
΢΢̧֣ȥѪĿܻ
ΧʯأưܲԲһȥѾΪһƬ档
ĽɴӴóһöҩУϥڵʱ̱棬Ϊ֪ģΡ
û뵽һָɱ¾֮ħֺ֮ѱܸ֮󣬵ǣħָ֮ԼĸҲǲСͨȻԵΣʱ̣Բʩչ
Ľһҩһ߳˼һָܺգ¶֮ɫ
һָԴɱ¾ͨĽʩչԺɶ˺
ǣڸղŽսʱԺȻһԼһָеɱ¾Ϣܻ᲻ǣҲֻһ뷨ʩչħĸȣԸðһΡ
֮ǹ޺ڵǹ̫Եͷ֮޷У֮£ħ֮ʩչһָȴΪҵһơ
Ľվɨһܣ¶֮ɫ
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ˣҲˣѾҵ°ܽˣҳҲ
ڵĵӶһȺǺӵȣ̫̫ࡣ
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161 
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ڵѾ𣬸ȥ˽һЩʱˡ



162 Ϊ̽ϢΪ㻤Ϊ㡭
һƬ֣ȴŷ죬ŶĬա
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˿Լ˼˵
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Ľţɵ΢΢üԷȻûע⵽һϸڣ˵š
뿿ɽڵ飬ķз˾֪ڵȫɭʱͻȻ¶֮һ·ɱˣɭϵ֮󣬾ǿɽڵĳϸ´һ
ʲôĽ̲֮סʵ
Ľɣ·ɿ˵
ң
Ľ˫üһ׶ԷΪôһ
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ѵԷѾ֪޺󽫴ҵڣԲŻ´ΪʲôһҪңǻһЩԼ֪顣
ĽлһĨ⣬Щͷ
˸ڷһ֪𣿡˺þãĽɻڡ
һɭ˵⼸Ӧò֪ǿɽڵĳߵĺܼ֮󣬱ǲ֪ȥ֮Ǿͷ׷ײμˡ
·ɵĻĽɵ¶֮ɫѾԲµɭɽ֮ľˣɽڵ˶Ȼռݴ룬컯ǿ߻кܶ࣬Լ˲һ·ӵĸо
ˣ߰ɡ
Ľϥڵϣһʯԣ׷ѿ
һʱ䣬ŨŨϵΧջָ
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Ľ˵ԼԼУԼ˭Ҳ᲻ߡ
컯ԽԽˣһʱͻƣǣ֪᲻ᱻɭѹ˿ɾͲˡ
ĽͻȻԼʩչһָ컯֮󣬵ǣܿͱһϢֱûһ㣬ʧ٣һ㣬ʱû̫˼ǣȴֵȥע
ˣǸʱ˭ҲֹͻΪ
㱻ɭѹҲֻԼʵʱ͵ԲĲΡ
뿪֮ȫԻָ컯ΪҪҵһرչ֮ȻûץǸĿɲĺ꣬ţò˶ãҺһټ
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Ľ֣¶һɭ֮³ֻ·һ
ԣһͬУھУҲĿˡ
·ɿĽɣ¶֮ɫ˵
ҶһϰˣϲͬУִңĻɱ㡣
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Į£ĽɳһȥڵҪҵһ֮أûжʱ˷ˡ
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кܶණЩҪģҾԲһβ
ҿԳΪˣΪ̽ϢΪ㻤Ϊ㡭ιȵҰǺú̸̸
·ɵϵĴĽɵĶУȴûаô
Ľɺʲôûһ룬ǣǰȥ
Сʱȥ
Ҳ֪˶Զ롣
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Ľ֣Ҫɱң֪Ҫʲôɭĵͼ
һͻأĽɵһ͡
תƽĿЩǱɫ׵·ɡ


163 ôָ
деУɭɭӳӰ
˿̣໥ŶԷȻһҶƮ䣬ڵϷ죬ƾס
еͼ𡣡
Ľɳʵ
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˵꣬Ӵȡһž޴ĻɫƤͼֽչĽɵǰϸۿ
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·ϸĿŵͼΪϸĽš
ۻҵĵͼĽü̶·ɵ˺ܴĸı䡣
ŵͼǴŪġ
Ľɿŵͼƽ˵
£Ϊ棬·ӵеͼһ㣬֤Էһ֮ڶԷĽɸܵһϢ
Ľ֣ÿ˶һЩܣЩڸ˽¿Բ˵𣿡
·ԥ֮ǿЦƺܲԸһЩʲô顣
Ľɿ˶Էһۣûȥ׷ʣǿеӴͼѰһԱչص֮ء
ɭϵصԶԶĽɵ֮һĵͼЩĿϾӡ
кɻΪʲô·ɻ֪ŵͼֻ֮һɭһ㣬ĶԴ˸עһЩ
ʲôصıչ֮ء
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չ֮أĽԵȣҿһ£Χɭֻ֣һطȽΣһտռ䣬ӦûкܶǰȥѰ
ԣǷԲڣûһǿԱչصģڴɭȴǶ
ڶк֮ܶҲǰţ̵ĻԼҪյʱ䣬ܴﵽһҲǵͼϵط
·ϸĽţָŵͼ·ߣĽ˻ɡ
ǰĺ꣬Ϊʲôɭ֪ϸѵԷô
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ڵطҵˣİҶԼˣǹӲŰ
˵·ɵȻֹΪѾʶԼĴ
˵ʵֱҶ˽㣬ɭҲڶ
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ṩ֮ЩطĸӦôŷտռ䣬ĻɭεϤɲطѾ˼ѡԥ
ΪֻұչصʱſԶǰȥѰһΣձܻʱΪԼİΣҲҪִɱƣõѵĽĳ벻𣿡
·ɣҾһһչ֮һǷҶǳʧûиı֮ǰ߰ɡ
Ľ˵Щ֮󣬴ӻȡһֻǺӵģڵʯֱ֮Ӹ·ɡ
ͼҴˣЩΪ
԰գתŲĳԶȥ
֪·ҲҲᣬЩȥ˼
ΨһҪǣͨ·ṩ·ߣ쵽ﶫ
ٶȣȫߵĻֻյʱܴﵽǽߣҪյʱ䣬Ϊ˰ȫĽɻѡ˺ߣΪڵڻδȬ
ʵлǺ·ԼͬеģǶԷ˼ӣ͸żֽƻڣĽɺܲѣֻܾܾһΪԽԷĿҲԽߡ
ϧˣ˵ȷȵͼǿˣ˵ҵһЩϹűϧʱޣҾɭٴοԽԽٶȣȻͻ컯̤컯֮ȴҪԿɽڵȫ׷ɱУҪʱ̽
û츮ΪңԼκӦŮССҲûʮʱ俴ƺ̣ܶȴԸıܶ顣
˴ɭϵؿ֮󣬵ȴҵǸǻһδֱ֪֮ɽڵͼ֪޺ûǲ֪ԷƺûУƺˣ뿪ɭ֮󣬽һΣ
뵽Ľɫ΢΢һ䣬ħ޺Ϊɵġ
ΪԷʵֲ̫侳Ϊ
ĽҡҡͷԼȥЩΧɭ֣һһǰȥ
ֻһһ̤컯磬֮·Ŀʼ
Ľ׼ӿٶȵʱɫȻһ
ŵŵš
˿̣һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ɵ˫üһͷҲأʵ
ôָˣ



164 ҵӰ
ҵӰˡ
ҿԷģδйӺ֮ġ
ΪȹҵҸĿģΪԼ
·ɵĽɵĶУڴϢſſıӰڡ
֪й¼ıӲ뿿ɽڶԿǸʱҰΪԽĿꡣ
ӺҪĺңηηҵĸ׸ҵģǣȴûʵⲻҵһβμˡ
ҹУҵгһֱңδֹͣɭ
·˵ʱ¶һĨԳЦ⡣
Ľɵӣ˵ϣһ˿䡣
һС֮УĪ޳ûҵÿ궼ҹ֮УҲμɭΪгһտһ죬ҽ֪뷨̫档
һδεÿһζҪشۣûдʲôֻһһĵϢЩСʱѾľˡ
Ҳμӹɭÿһζ֮˺һģΪľܹɭ֮еõһЩУҵļ֪ǲɵĿꡣ
ֻ֮һЩ棬ǶǷˣңʦˣοԵõһЩȴǺӵ˶ˣҵ֮ȴ־Ȼһٵġ
ֻȥȻص֮У̤磬Ӵ˹һ˵
·ɵĻЩ򣬵ĽɿԷ֮С
˼ĸѹزް㶷־
Ψһͷǻţȥ֮ƽƽȹһ
Ľ΢΢ͷƽĿŶԷеʱĬκΰοﶼҪǿöࡣ
·ֻһСͼ峤һֱ֮·ܶţ·;ȴδһδεŬֻʧľĽҲй
Ҳʲô֮ĺٽһ
ĽɿſЦе·ɣڡ
仰öԷʱ˾·ɻȻ¶֮ɫ
ҪһЩһЩʵԱĶ
ĽɿǰЩ꣬˵
ҪЩҲŬѰңȴûаǷտռ䱻ǰչһգǶǼٵģһЩϹűﶨȻǿػλõͼûмء·ɳ֮󣬿ĽɿЦ˵
Ľˣɫ䣬˵ͷ⣬ֻһʡ
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ǿѰңǰ·ϣһЩεķտռ䣬ǿȥ
·ɵ仰Ľ˫һȻһǳҪ顣
ɭϵôγɵģ
Ľ΢΢ףűգȻʵ
ǼλϹǿߣǿпٳĿռ䣬ӡһ޴ħ
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Ȼ֮䣬·ɺʶʲô̶ĽɵĿ˺Ȼ
ε亹Ķͷ滬䣬һĭû˵
ħڣôӡĶȻһϡ
һ󵨵Ĳ²⸡ĽɵԺ֮У֪ԼΪʲô뷨
ǣоһᣬһܸԼ컯Ļᡣ
ǰ
ĽɿԶûаԥǰС
·ѹĸں档
ïɭڣӰٴ󣬹ãǾ˳ȥ
ħֻһ˵㲻ᵱ˰ɡ
ǰе·ϣ·̲ס˳ǰҴǰеĽɣͷϵ亹ࡣ
Ǽ٣Ҳֻ֪֪ҵʱʣࡣ
ԣҲ˷κһαǿĻᣬҪߵ·
Ľɿǰãã·;˵
˵ֻ˳·̽һ£ĴڣҲóȻ֡
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治֪һǶǴԼͬУڿȪˣÿɭһѪȷ磬һĽΪɽҲһ£ܱǿǧ򱶡
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ڣѾ߳ɭ֣̤һޱ޼ʵĻ֮·
ǰֱӷ뿪һ㣬ֽȻͬأĽ̲ס̾ɭϵص졣
ȻףһƬ̲ݵء
ǰȥȴһɫ
عѣƸɺһ㣬ض̡
󷽵ľγɼ˶Աȣȫͬ硣
ѾɭڵĶĴأǵٶȣٹվܴﵽһطչҲڸѰһЩ֮
·ɿǰĻߴأЦ˵
Ƭûʲôֵעĵط
ĽɿǰɫʵԼԼĸܵһ˿ΣϢ
ӦûаѣѾɭ֮ƫλˣ˻
һȥһƬߣûаֵ֮˵ˡ
·ɳ˼СᣬһһСͼȻУйɭϢ
ҿδأ
Ľڣ̶˫üȻһ
󣬿ǰĳһطһΣʧԭء
һЩ
Ľĸ֮ѲӰ
·ɼͻȻȥкȻ˲ૡ
ǰɣѵطҲҵӣȵҡ
˵꣬˸գۼʧԭء
·ɵӰѷ֮ϣСʱͣ½ŲԶ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ǰѪȾأѪζ˱ǡ
ʬѪˮ֮Уǿֲ
·ɿһĻ֮󣬵סˡ
ںʬصǰĽɫƽվ
ȥָϵѪͷ·һۣ漴Զȥ
찡ѵЩ˶ɱģ
·̲סһǺ֮˲ʶԼ̬ȣݶʱȥĸȥ
Щˡǲǡɱġ
·ܵĽɵ֮󣬿鵭ĮЩµʵ
ԷҴĽɣΪ·ɺԼûʸΪʲôҪʣֻҪһ𰸡
ǣ
Ľɿһ۶ԷƽĻش


165 ǿԳ
ЩˣǱɱģӦûá
£Ľ˫üһڳ˼ʲô
·ɿӣһɣ̶ĺ˿
ղŻЩɱ˵ûɡ
Ľɳ漴һ̧·ɺȻʵ
Ļ·Ĭ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
ΪǰԷȷģԣĬĬϡ
֪Щʲôɱģôѡ뿪
Ϊ㲻һɱħͷͬУĻоԼΥġ
ʵ뷨ûд
Ľͣ½Ųͷ·ɣ̾˿
Ҳ֪ǲǾӣҺ㲻һСˡ
ûС˵սƻ̹Ϻ͵ǣЩûаô
ҪѧӦͬĻһֻɱ¾ıĵطֻͬΣ޾ź
Ľ˵Ļǰļ́ͷһȻĿ˵ͷ
ףܺá
ΪпܷһѪɱ¾Ͼչ㣬ԼСİɡ
԰գǰĻߴأȻһ󲽣һָ
ǱôãǿԳˣ
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·ɿǰͻȻһĻ̾ѹ̶䱸֮⣬ͬʱһĴȡһߣڷԼǰʱ׼֡
˭
ĽƽĿǰŵӰʵ
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·ɵУԷĻĽ˫ü΢΢һǺӵˣ̫һţôǲֵɽˡ
λǱڴˣ֪Ϊ£
ĽڣԷվԶſۣ޷Էò
·ɵѣ֪ԷݣֻǸоԷͼ졣
ŶԷûа㷴ӦĽɻ
˫ţ˭ûг֣˭Ҳû˵
ʦ㣬Ϊ׵ǸСӺǿӣҾȻʵΪ
ǰʦ㣬ԷǳǴ򲻹ô졣
СѾͷ˵ʲôأǿǾˣѵô
ûһ֣ȫԽ˲ɱ
ˣҪˣôɡ

ĽɿԶһľŵӰ˫ü΢΢һԷˣҲóȻ֣Ϊ·⣬Ҫܵı϶Էȫ˵ˣһԼϵƶأԣؼʱҲԸⷢƴɱ
λѣĸŵĵӣ
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Ľ̬ƽ˵֮תԷԷͻȻ֡
˵һɭ֮Уڴӵ콾У֪Ǽ٣
ٴδĻĽЩ⣬֪ԷΪʲô⡣
ڴӵʦ֡
Ľû˵شԷ·ɣ۶е˽⣬·֪ԶĽҪࡣ
ǣǻҪ·ǲֱӳȥ
Ľ˫֮͸һ˿âѾûаģｩȥˡ
̫һŵӣûʲô飬һˡ·΢΢ͷԶӰ
ȵȣǻһҪѯʣʹ֮λ߲١
Ůӵ촫Ľ˲ĵݣʱ׼Էһս
ʰɡ·ɵһܵĽɵı仯ɫ΢䣬æں
·ϣûпһɫ۵Ĺˡ
ĽԣкâŨ֪Է˵ĺ֮˭ǣȷһսһûв´ĻԷӦЩ
һ·ûпɫ۵ĹˣһҲûС·ɲĽɵ˼ֱ֮ӿڻص
лλʦǣ߰ɡ
Ů£ŵӰ֮£ʧԶ
ôˣҲ̫˰ɣǲΣ̫һŵʵȻ翿ɽڣǣҲǺӵǿڸ֮⣬û뵽ǿУҲôͨˡ
·ɿʧӰ˴ϵ͵
Ϊ˺ãȥ׷ͬУҲ⡣
˵꣬ĽɾֱŶȥƽˮûа㾪ȣƶԷȥȫ֮ڡ
ҵӰ㲻ҪᣬֻЩɻ󣬶ԷΪʲôֱˡ
ѵ˵Ļ𣿰ϣȵҰ
·ੲݵ˵Ľ˿ᣬһֱڳ˼Ÿղŵ飬ǶԷᵽĺɫ֮ˡ
ϵĻôһжԵĹϵԷ뿪᲻ȥ˼ǵĻشǼ٣Ҫûв´Ļɫˣ֮Ӧöˡ
뵽ĽɫһǸ꣬ΪɵԷĿֲЩ䣬Σʱ̶ħ֣֮ʩչһָĻǴ˵Ķ֡
ڸղ·ϣЩߺʬ壬Ȼ֪ǵݡ
ǣȥЩ˺Ĵŵĵӡ
Ѳɭ֮лˡ
Ľһʱͣ½Ų߆µ·ɣȻڡ
Ĵ֮⣬˴ɭû˲룿
·ɱ䲻һ仰һ˵
ϸ˵˲ΪƬѾĴŵ˷ˡ
ɭɽԭһأֻʱŻῪ
Ļ˭Ҳ޷
Ҳ˵֮ǰЩ˶Ĵŵĵӣ
ĽʶĿ˵˵ĻԼоЩ֣ĴŵĵӣĻ˰
·ε̾ϢһӴȡһɫݸĽɣ
Ҹղ˶ҵģڵӵ
лһЩǺӵӵĴһİʮˣÿһһʮˡ
ĹأղŵȷһЩǣҿȷǶĴŵˣܹ߳ȥģᳬʮˡ
Ľɿ·еûнӹ
ǵĵ˵ͷû˵ǰŲǰС


166 ·
߰ɣǲ˷ʱˡ
ǰУȡһ֮ڣﶫ
Ľɿǰһ߼ʵĻߴأƽ˵
һյʱ䡭Ǽֲסûôǿʵ
·¶֮ɫҡҡͷȥĽɵ񣬱ϾһܶĻ
Ϊɣ
ĽƽĿǰȻ
һ̣ӰѾ˰ٲ֮ĵطתӿһԶ·ɡ
ҵӰѵǴ˵зһ𣿡
ðɣ˭Ҫıأһϵ𡣡
ûʲô˵ģҧأƴˣ
·ҧҧӴȡöСһĵҩһԵС
ŵҩڣƤʱͺһٳĽɳȥ
ߴ֮ϣӰ漱ٴ
ûаͣЪֱȥڱ˭ܵĸһ㡣
ֱջƻ裬Ӱͣ˽Ų
˿̣ѾԽ˶ߴصı߽磬һƬڰ֮С
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169 һ֮˷
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ĽɱȭΪƣʯһư£޴ʯ˻ζʼת
ûͣ£һһƲϺʯʼһζתٶҲԽԽ졣
˿̣ʯ֮ϣǰɵһƬȥĿ
컯
Ľɷһͺصߡ
ȭʯ֮һȭӳ
䣡
һ쳹صĺһɽȶŲضɽҡ
ţɫʯ֮϶ʱһĿâ׹ĳ֮ء
ͬʱĽɵӰҲɫâûˡ
򣬳ΪһƬɫء

˭Ϊף
һʵʱ쳹
ɭϵеɫ䡣
Ϊһ̣ͬʱܵһǿƥϢΪ֮ɵ
һ֮ƣɭ
вμĵӣ˿̷׷һصĿŶ
˿̣ڶһҫĿâ촩
˺Ѳһ㣬ֲܣɨ޼
䣡
챬
ɭϿգɫӿĳŰ׹ϮȥغҪˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɭɽ֮⣬Ⱥӿҵ¶֮ɫ໥̸ЦţΪ¿
ǻԭֻһȴɭٴοѰһˡ
ǸǵУǻԵ컯ҲһأŨŨջ
ǧΪץ
Ľɣ



170 
׽ĽɣϢɽѾѸ¡
˭ֻҪץܵõɽڣֻŲĴй
ɽڵʵʤҲһָĴڡ
һϹŵĴţ޾꣬ѴﵽĲΡ
ŵ޹ÿһĶÿһΪ֮
ʦɭɽܱߣǿкܶϷģΪ˶ûм䶯һݵĽɵʲôӡ
ÿɽڲϧһдͨ
ħ޺ŸӵĹϵ
ּ棬ϱضʲôء
УĽɵӵпɽڵرŻöԷһҪץ
˵빬޺Ĺϵܣħصһ֪
ִȺзɿɢţԽ
˵ӵлص
Ȼң֪صҲв٣Щ˶ĽйӴġ
ɭɽţһӪ֮С
˿̣˫ϣһ򾲣мг֮⡣
һ࣬һ欵Ůӣ⡣
¶΢Цڴ֮⣬ƺȤĶһ㣬¶һĲɵӡ
⣬ɭϵؿʣ¶ӡ
󣬹ȻڣĻŮε̾һ
ѾھŴˣȻвֺαװһȲʤȯء
ԣȻſ˫һȻ
ֻ˵ɱͻҷˣ
ǰŮӣ̬ɭȻû¶ȡ
ųҪףСΪУ׽ĽɵģڿѡһȥҲ˿벻ҪҺЩᲢۣ֮Э飬ֹ
ۼ̬ȣɵһЦᶨɡ
˵꣬ḧһԼ˳㷢һۡ
ˣһ֮ˣڵͳΪˣڹĳǰš
ץĽ֮󣬿ôʰ㡣
һǱȴǻһЩŮ˵
ղŹĳȷЩˣӶ֮Զѯʱ䣬ҲץĽɻȥϾԱ˵һ¡
ųϻˣο֮ʱŶάһδԵСŮڴǰףˡ
ھɭԼ߸£߸֮УӦòκ鷢
ʱһջ󣬵Ǹʱ򣬻Ҫֲܿһ㣬Źųϱˡ
ŮЦڣߵȫһ㡣
ӹˣԶϷ֮ϣѾﵽ컯ڶΪˣ΢Ŭһ£̤ڣϷҲƽཻˣϷһȣΪָλȥ֮ܵŵָ㣬ȡٽһϷ֪֮Ҫ̤䣬ްϣ
¶ǫ֮ɫǰŮӣ˵
ԼĿҪ;ƿһ㣬ȥһֲɣ֮С
˵ƽû˵
һʱ䣬˳
ģɭɽҵĲ֮Żζ
һ㣬ļΪͻȻ
ô£
ʧڣ¶һ˿֮ɫո¡
ٻӰһ̳˳ȥ
꿴֮ûаɣ棬߳
ʱһƬҡ
꿴ǰĻҾ棬̤ޣڿնſڷһ
Ϸ򰲾
ľһ㣬أ𵴰˷
ʱ·ҵȺһĬվԭء
һ˲䣬һӰӿնվڹߣһʮˣȫ컯ǿߡ
ǵĳ֣·Ⱥףһš
ΪǾǿĴڣ˭Ҳ޷ֺ
ʮλ컯ǿߣţ˿ǿǰϾ¶ɫʡ
ɭɽϵĻζţֻͨĵһ㣬ûз˿
ô£ûɭӣɭɽôı仯
һϵĻôҷ׷˼֮У˭ûлش
ֻͨ𣬴ҲҪˡ
һͳ˵ƵۣȻǺӵˡ
ûô򵥡
֮󣬿ڷһ䡣
ɫأ˫ǰζɽкâ˸ݣ뵽ʲô
ڵĵطԶԶô򵥣㲻õضɽҡŪġ
ı˵УôĽɾһΣɭ֮Уܺľ޴ɽٶʵֲ
ǲ֪ڵôˡ
а⣬Ľɾһ̾һ
ϼһԼûаٷ֮ٵİգ߸ºĽɴš
ŵѣ仰ʲô˼ѵɽζΪ𣿡
ǧҪ˵ɭеȺСĶ
˵һŨü󺺣̫һŵս
˿̣սǲţƶԷĻֻǲ²⣬ûаݡ
ֻ˵Լ뷨Ǽ٣̫һſԼ飬ûĻǿɽھȻȥˡ
꿴һۣһ仰֮Ҫתˡ
ʱɫȻ䣬ͻȻͣ½Ų
Ϊһ̣ɽζضŲ
һɹӳ̶ɭɽ
ʣǹһͬվڰеˣɭɽķж¶֮ɫ
һ̣һɫâǿԵϢʱϯƬռ䡣
ֲܣ񷣬е˿һĻȻ¶֮ɫ
⡭Ǵɭ֮бġ֪˭һ˳
Ӱ˲ɭɽϷǰĳ׹⣬ɫһƬء
ѷ֮ϣ׹⸲ǷԲҪƺɫѷһ㡣
굹һĸܵĿֲɱĴڡ
Ű׹ֵһ̣һɱŰϢ˳
ɫһ㣬ֱʣɫâݺᡣ
ֲײƺ˭Ҳ˭һһδεĽš
䣡䣡䣡
ÿײһ£ɭɽҲһ¡
ıʣǿЩͽʦˡ
ǽ´˷ѣƲסΣ˵ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ҽ


171 һ֮
ЩӣҪҪȡ
ڹɫأâսʱ
һ̾ϢĶУˣɵü˵
ЩҲǻã־Ҳ塣
£תɨһŮӣӰһΣʧԭء
Źȥ̾˿
Լʼ޷Ѫ顭
·ƴȵȺ֮ɫûжֻǾվš
׹ײ֮
ܱߴر֮
ͽ׵ӵƴ
һɭɽѾѪɺӡ
⿴ԶһӰгǵӰȺвϴţÿ֮üĴһѪӡ˾ǹꡣ
Էľٶȫûйȥֹ
û뵽ѪȻʦѪ⾫Ϊǽ
⿴ŹӰͫһ
һ˲䣬Ȼתü΢΢һİߣЩõʵ
ѣʲô
ٺ٣Ӽʶ㣬¹һ£ɭɽԵɣָһ淢һˬЦ˫ĶǰŮӡ
ǳһЩ⣬ûµģ׹ȻǿȴɫΪط֮ڶԷע£оһתƴеâ˵
û뵽֪֮Ϸʵ壬ʵźһ棬֪ûʱ䡣ԣ˫һ˵
֮󣬼̶ݵĳ˼֮С
Ƚ¾ʰһ£°ɡ
Ҫȥ׹ֵԭˡˡ
˵꣬תȥ漱æڽס
һ£ʵ㣬һ¡
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йɭ֮дħһ˵ǲġ濴üĿһȻʵ
ħֻһ˵ңô֪˶Էһ֮ƮȻתһȥ
ֻ²һεվڿУ֪롣
̫һŵЩŹ֣ȻħĴ˵
Ӱڹâ֮󣬿ǰսе֮ɫͬʱĬĬ
ˣȴǰɡ
ҡͷǰսĹâһĨЦ
֪ĸСһģǿƲס컯ڵʦҲҪܵشз֮ǣţĻڰ׹ϯ֮£ɭɽʲô£ǣܱߵľﶨữΪһƬ档
Цһ֮󣬴ӴóһɫС
ĸź棬¶һӣƺܲԸ
ˣӾʹһΰɡ
ҧ¶˾ģҪеʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǰâһ𶯣Ȼ
⿴Ļ֮Ȼ䣬Ӱ̳ԶȥͻȻըİ׹⣬֪ʲô顣
ɫâıըΧĺɫʱ飬ɢޡ
ڰ׹ɢһ˲䣬һɫâѷ֮Ȼ
ţһͺ֮д
Ϊף˭ң
޴صʡ
һͻأ˵Ȼһ
Ľɣ
¶֮ɫŭһһеĳŻɫ߳˹ȥٶ֮죬Ϣǳ嵽˻ɫâǰ
ŭڳ֮˵ĶУʹǾһ
ΪĽ֣˭ֻһͷ׽Ľɡ
һ̣ӰŻɫâȥǰʲôΣգ赲ǵķǵĽŲһ̣ЩѾʧȥǡ
ôܣûɭӰǿгǡ
⿴·Ⱥ˷ĳŻɫâӿȥֹ֪ѾôȺеĸڳϣҲ׷˶
⿴ԶĻҹ⣬һΣԼ侲
գûгȥΪ֪ԷĽɣôЩ˳ȥ³ֻܹɭƵѾԽ컯ĲΡ
Ľɣ
귢һŭ𣬿ǰĻɫâ
ڹâ֮УһͦӰһϲĿꡣ
˿̣Į˫ü΢΢𣬺ʲô
ĿĹ곯лһĨâŶԷȻӳһơ

Ľڣһֻ޴Ӱ۶һֱӳ˹ǰ
䣡
¶֮ɫδӦ
޴Ӱ֮ݺ˶Էϡ
¡һڵһ㣬صײɭɽ֮С
޴̾һʦЩ˿Ľɵһ֮ûаԥתźߣ֮ǰķ̰֮ɫʧȫޡ
Сߣ
һװ
󣬾ŵӰ̤նһصĿŻҹӿĿ꣬а֮⡣
ˣˡ
Ϊǵ֮ǰۼһ֮
һͽɽڵĹڵأδ֪
ҹ
ͺ޲
ĽϺɫӡ֣Ǻɫ⻷ơ
һͷڷ޷Ʈһɫԣˣ¡
䣬ſеľˣһž˲ȥ
һоţ
Ϊǿ͸⵽ʲô
ϵĺɫӡʲôѲɴѾʲôħȻ͹޺һΪаħɱ
ɱĻҾ㣬ڻ취סɣϷţǶʮŸ컯ǿߣסһС
ʲôʮŸֻоŸˣǾ˶Ķ֣ٶҲǺô
ˣҪˣٳ֣



172 ˭
Ľޱ飬ǰˣ˫кâһ
̧𣬷Բ˲䱩
һ̣Ľɷ񵹾ٿȻ䣬ұۣѤæֶ
Ҫǹ
ͺ£ɱ֡
ΪȭŷϮľ͵ĺ
ʱХ죬˻𺳡
һɴСȭӰɫһ㣬žϯ
̺Ŀֲܣþɫ䣬ԥתߡ
޴ĻɫȭŴɽ֮һٳǿʱײһ𣬺ûаһ㣬޴ȭֱӴ͸ǵ壬󣬾˷׷һѪȫӰз׹䡣
һ֮һˡ
һȭ֮شˡ
ʵǬ壬Ƶ
⡭ôܣ
һȻ⿴ǰһУ¶һĨЦ
ӸտʼʱѾµ֣ȴû뵽ԷʵȻеĻҪǿᣬһȭһȭþ컯ǿˣս֮Ľɱضʤһݡ
һ֮Ľɫ΢΢һ䣬͵һԼؿڣһںںѪ
̧ףΧһУɫЩ񣬿Լ˫ӣƺ˼İС

ЦԾ˫
СˣǵĻˣλѣܲһ죬ڴ˿ˡ
ɱ˴ˣɽڱػһԵǣΪǵδΪϹŴйΪ˷
һɱ
֪ĸһͻȻһԭѾľˣ˿ٴ̰ʼŰеĽɣչ˷Ĺ
⿴һУһҧ֪Լòó֡
ԥʱɭɽ֮УͻȻһȻӰ
ĽСϷ㲻ݣ

ɭɽ֮⣬ѪƬƬѿ
֮ʬ壬󣬿ֲɭȻ
ɱ¡ɱ˿̲ɱǵĿֻһ
Уһɫ̤꣬ޣȻ
ɫ˲԰ףΧĶʮӰĶÿһףԷ
վǰĶʮӰһǱģ
ϴѪۣͬһ䱸ĿĽɣгŨŨɵ֮ɫ
ĽɣǲӣʵΡ
ͷǱڹԹԸϷȥ
ҵֻ÷ϵ֮Ϊٴˣ
һ֮ɫĽѾ֮ǣΪıһ޴˺ۣһֱ쵽ɼǣĿģ˿ȻѪҪܾ޴ʹࡣ
ɱĽĳǻûǸʵ
˵꣬Ľ͵Ŀһ̶ںɫѪ
ɫӲ԰ףһ󱩶ᶨ־ûеȥ
ʧȥˡ
ĽɽĿȺ˼Σʱǿʯһǿ
֪·ôˣؼʱ̣Ұ˳ȥ
˵Ӧûɭ֮УϣܻȥҪһսˡ
ĽɨһۣΧԼȴǲǰĶʮλʦ̬һ˿ڽ
˶ڣȴηηţĽУֻһȺ
Сݵÿڳԡ
㣬ûá
ҿ㻹Цʲôʱǲϵġ

˵ĶУĽɿǵ׿Ц
Цóеɫ˲ȥźɫӣ׷Ĭ
ǵȷǳˣʮλ컯ʦԸһˣȴٳٲҶ֣ΪҪǣǲԽս
ĽɵʵΪǲ֪ǾԲﵽ䣬Ϊ֮һʽԴ֮ǾֱӹڻȪˡ
ͬ״ڣʮһˣ鴫˳ȥȻᱻ˳Ц
ǲóȻ֣ΪĽɵʵ̫ǿˣͻȻսֱشŴ컯ǿߣ֮ʮԿҲûֵˣֵֻȴĽȡ
Ϊ֮ǰսУĽ˲ٺںѪԣΪĽɿҪˡ
ǲΪĽĳֲ˶ˣ
ĽЦݣһѪΧˣڡ
ˣĽĳǷϻҪʼɱˡ
Ľкһı仰еɫ䣬ʶ˺󼸲
Ȼ˭ҲԸΪ汳ߣΣʱֻ̣бסԼΨһѡ
ɫΪأĽɵĺѾ裬ԼСȣȻǺҪۼĽɵɨһԼ˲һ󷢺Ȼ׹뺮̶֮еĸо
ѵҪҳֲɣ
зһͺ˲
Ľɲûжϼһ΢΢˿
ߣɱ
Ľ£Ȼ̤һһɾ˲ϯ
һһϣһ˵ǰ֮Կ
ĽһΣʧԭأһ̣Ӱ˶ʮ˰Χ֮ĵط
ߣٳץסˣ
һɫΰָĽڵķȵﻹδ£ͷ­ӣֱӵ˳ȥѪ꣬Ʈ¡
ѪȣĿˡ
عʦˣҪΪĽɸ
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һϢϢϢ
Ϣ֮󣬴ȻѣѪȾ¡
̶Ƭ̹λ컯ǿ
ٿԶĽɣΡȻ˲ɽɨźˣĮ˵
˭
ɾ䣬̺ɱ⡣
һݣһ˸ҿڡ
ǵսɢһա
ǿʵֶΣѾ˱ıԵ
Ѿѿ˼㣬ҪڵȴҿڣΪ
ʱ˿̣ϼһڷԼСᵽˣƿС
ΪŽ뺰
ΪԼıĬˡ
һվҲ˰
ΪȣһлԵ컯΢ġ
Сӣߣ
һͻأһĿ۵ֱֳֳĽɳ˹ȥ
ѵɽڵ˲֣ҾͲ𡣡
ɽѾŵץӣԵõϹŴ
Ȼͻ侳磬䰡˵룬̤䣬Ҳ޾壡
ߵͺһֳֳɱڣһۺǺ֮
ĻջʱΧս⸴ȼ̶˶
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Ľڣ˫֮кŨնĳû˿ֵ֮⣬ֳצ͵ץߡ
߰һ̶гοٵˣȴûаôĽɵٶ̫죬
飡
һֱӲߵؿڣһһ
ѣ߾ĿУȻ·䣬
ɱ컯
Ȼ˳
ǣȴϢܵ󣬿ĽɵŨŨľ壬ĽʱϼһѾǰиΪߣ̶ǰˡ
Ľĳɱ䡣
ǣȵĻɾ͹ֲˡ
Ľɷһͺ𣬵Ȼһץɫ£¶ϰħʽơ
Ļеɫ䣬еҪߣеҪƴɱһʱԥ˫ٴ뽩֡
ߣ
ȺУ֪˭һ
һ˲䣬˼ݹ⣬ԶӶݶȥ
գ֮䣬ֻʣˣаꡣ
ɫûµ˶ǿɽڵĳϣԣܣ׽Ľʧܿԭ£֪Լӣȥܵ𷣣ûߵҪԭ
ĽɣǵĶԹձҪһ˽ᣬϷܷţ֮սɱ⣬ɡ
ŭĽɣһ𣬴˿ϼһѾȥˡ
ҵһս
ڹͬ¶Ȼ֮ɫĿĽɣͬҪĽһ
֪ĸңҿԸһ·
ĽȻǰˣ̧֣ƽ˵
ţüĴһѪɫӡǺ֡
֪ҿɽΪʲôͨɡ
Ȼ֪ĻǾȰҵȴ֮˵ɣ
꿴Ľɵӣû˾£ֻŨŨŭ̬ᶨûаЭ֮⡣
ߣԲͳͳɣ



173 ռҽ
ʱǣһƾµĹųǡ
ǣڳšǽ棬ȴǿµİ߲ۼ
һոսɲõ³һ㣬ԻѤ
ʱڣһ壬ν˲
һ壡
ռܹ֮Ϊ֮ףΪʱǵȨС
һƹܾ޴ǳصļ壬ӵǿĲʦĽɵĵط
ڼ֮һָŵУ˼󳬼ռҵʵǿռ˶콾ӵһ˿ѪԵϵˣһӴ֣Ҳռԭ֮һ
ڵռҽϱΪ֮гһλӵмĵϵѪ֮ŮԭռǲŮӵģǣΪĳ̴֣Ĺأƶ档
֮ռҷ˷츲صı仯ЩŮȫٻʱ֮Уڵʱǣּˡ
ʱڣ¥ʤ
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ռΪʥĵطֻ峤콾Խ롣
˿̣ڸ¥㣬һȹŮӣԶգ͸˼
֪ڹúòá
Ů̾¶һĨ֮ɫƣ·ӿȺ
û˾İҸûʸվ˻ǻ׽Ū˰
̾תӣ߽¥֮С
¥ڣһƬ
ŷУڷż滨ݣɢһ˿̾ȡ
ȹŮ΢ƣߵһɫױ̨ǰ£žеԼ
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һöŮӵ
Ů֮˲ϲɫת׿ŮӣЦڡ
ôˣǸ뿪ˣǶҵĸ
˵һ仰ʱϲɵ¶һ˿Ц
һɫȹòƵŮӣ΢Цߵǰָ̧֣ܷܷ֮üĴһ¡
˵׵ĻǲТΪม
ݲһˣΪˡ
ղôʲôǲˣ
ȹŮӿ̬żֿЦζ
ĽĻһ۱ϳڵλŮӣռҽãС
ˡԣ죬תӣȥװһӡ
ֻǿЦѣСòҪ氡ιһҪ㣬֪벻Сӣü΢΢һأһ䣬Щ
ʲô飿Ҫԣæתʵ
Ľɴɭϵس֮ܵ˽ʮλ컯ǿߵΧɱ
С˿һ˵һ䣬ɫĻ
ôܣɭٴοһʱգһ׼븸״˹ȥһˣ⡭
¶֮ɫ˵һ룬С˰֣ʾ侲ȥ
ĳ֣úܶ˾֣ͻɭѷķ֮û֪ģҲû֪ΪʲôҪ
״ҹ㣬Ը㣬㵽ʱʲô󶯾
ѾˣһҪ侲
СǰŮӣο
ʶԼЩǰĽ㣬΢΢һ㡣
֪Ľɳ֮ʲô𣿡
һ嫴½飬һ˶Կʮ컯ǿߡ
ʱе˶Ϊˣǽ˲š
С˿Լ侲ƽҪ飬ԼЩš
ֶΣһȭ֮˲شλ컯ʦСǼѵİѻ˵ꡣ
ˣлһĨ⣬Լ˫֣
ԼԿλ컯ǿߣڲǹ£ҪһشԷЩѡ
Сӣ¶һĨЦ
󣬺ʲôǰŮӣ˱仯
ڣһɼΪֲǼһ֪֮˵Ǹǻ֮ܶ˼ֵǡ
ţ뵽ĽɣԷͻȻǵʵһɨߴ컯˲䷢ԼʶˣôĹŹ֣ѹԼûϲǲ֪Էû˼δء
Ľܵ˶ʮʦΧǣǿƥʵŵĳɱһɢֻʣ¿ɽڵ
֮Ͳ֪ˣ֮ڵĽɣѾǸͨɭɽѾѪɺӣº˹ȥ鿴ʬ壬Ҳ̶á
аɽڼڣĽɲ֪ȥ򡣡
˿ƽһһ㣬׷
ȱôģʱĽɵĴǳΣգ˵ʲôʵͻȻǣʵΪ֪ܹɱ컯սһΪ֪֮߰ʤݵ˶Ҹ㣬ڵռҲǰٰˣֻѼһйصϢϾڵ棬Ǹˡ
ССã̾˿֪ԼõԸ񣬱ϲ˵ʵһֱΪôܾ裬˿һ죬ܶ˶Ǻܲĸ׹츮ҪĴС񣬸Ѿأȥͷˡ
㣬֪ˣҲȥͷˣ츮Уһ°ɡ
һЦǰ¶֮ɫĽ㣬ڡ
û뵽Ľɸ͹ȥԷҵ˾͵ģ֪ԼľǶǴ
СҡͷЦǰŮӣ֮ɫ


174 ϲϲ
һжԵ֣۶ԴҶڣϲԼ顣
ҿĳϲңֱתȥʱҿûҡ
Һͬһ磬·;ҵ㲻һҲԹ޻ڡ
ΨһҪģǱڵѾǰСѾͷˡ
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΢΢һЦһξӨ۽ǻ˳˼
վ͸գڴбˡ
ˮ࣬˳ջ䣬
ĽɣٴǧҪǶ𣬲Ҫһδ
СǰŮӣ΢Цᣬ̶
֪Ľģֻ֪ԵĻҪСá
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СĬŴεյʱ
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ħѪϹħѪҺ˹ħıԴ֮侳ʦֻҪħôѪԴﵽԲлͻƲ׹޺˳ħħʿӵ˹ħѪ޵£ԣõġ
˫üһ˵¶һܲԸӡ
Щص㣬صǹ޺ȡħѪʧܣȴǱ¶һܣܷĽɵϣһ㵥ƾƽƾͿԿóԣԷϧһдҪץĽɣΪľ֮
һ侲֮󣬳˿
Ľϵʲôط̿ڣ̬Щż
⻹ɣӦ֪ƺش⣬ָָС
ǹ޺ĻһᶫĽɵĵԱߣڵѪ˻ڣ𡣡Сһŵӣҧҧ˵
֪飬ЩܲˣҶԸš
޺һħһСϣԼĵĻָƣˣҲòûĻԼȥȡ
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Сüһǰӣ˵
ģ飬ѾһʱǵˣĽɿͶռңһԼ̰ĳףʱĿɽ˵һɽڣ㼸󳬼ȫˣռҲ޾壡
ͻȻһͺȣ߷緶Ϣ첻¡زµƣСĵ˵ͷ
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ڵѾﵽ컯ԲΣԼż̤侳ѾԶˡ
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̾һ˵곤һ֮ĿС
ͺãҪǿԼͻһΣյ飬вͻ߻ħҪʱʱֽ̱̿
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˵˲ΣֱɽУ嶼޳ˣû°ۼ
콥ˡ
䡢ҹ
ڿշ֮˴顣


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175 
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һСӰԣ֮˵
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˭ȥ˭ڹ˵顢ͬ
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ղֻе㲻ںˣȥȥ˭˭װһ򾲵ģ˵
԰գ˹ȥȥ
ˣϽ㣬ǡСָˣһȥ
¹ҫصһƬš
һС¶˳ÿһС涼һȥˡ
һƬӲݺɭľ޴ص棬Ӱ̳ˡ
Ǹ֮ǰģҪ߶Զš
ӿΧĻһһѣСĵ˵
ǰٲͿԻȥˣϸ簡ܲүһ㣬ҿɲ뱻˿顣
С忴Żӵӣɵӣʧ
һ۲۵ĵСһģղŻСʲôţͷ̬񣬱˵û㻢ӣСʺġֱ˵˵
ƨСʺˣǷǼңס
¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫתһԶŮӣаĽ¶š

̾Ϣһֻüǰȥ


176 
صһƬ¹ҫĵط
ǵĿ꣬ﴫŴʬĵط
ӣǵȵǣ֪ʽ㻹ôҪ𣿡
ڴ˿̣ȻСĺ
ˣ˲ͣ½ŲתƨƨߵĳС˹ȥ
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СͬӵĿ⣬м֮ɫ
ӿٵ˹ȥɫףŮӣɻ˵
ԽԽˣǿѾת𡣡
ʲô򣬷һƭӣ˿ƭǴǮῴСҧҧĶ½š
ǰǼҵǮˣ˵ҽҩҩҺˡһŭݵ˵
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ͷ̬֮⣬̧ͷȥҡ
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СǲõĿΧɫķ飬ǰȥ
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һУһУҪˣ㣬

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ʬ

ӺСʧеΪ־ԭһӽ鶪˵ϣȾܡ
Ľˤڵأҵʹ־壬˲ӱ˿Ѿվֻźȥ
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ȥǰ취ԣ龭߳
һ˦СԼ֣תŶԲߡ
ڣһ֮뵽һöԲߣæתŴӷȥ



177 ʬ
ӣ׳աһô֪ˣǾ군ˡ
õİ취ǻȥһˣʬڳ˯ӦòΣյġ
С塢ӸߣСͰ˵Լġ
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Ҫһ˰ɣҲ֪ͨĴ֧Ԯ°ɣСֽţˣҲܿҪǻزˣȥ֪ͨ峤ǰҲиӦС갢˵
Уҡҡһˣ¡
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ʲôҼСǸͷƨôܣǸСһʲôֶΣҼСƭȥˣĻСھԲŻ
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С֮һͨһſڵϣǰһϵĴϢš
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ľôһɻȻʲôɫȻ䡣
˹ȥԷСɫףΧȺǰһڻ˹ȥ
С󣬻ӡС壬ȫһƣſ˵ϣ˲֮С
ֻʣ°ܣͷ󺹵ĿˣڴϢţһ仰Ҳ˵
죬콫ͻؼң֪ͨ峤ˣ
ССѰﰡ
СֻǻˣҪˣȥɣˣܷȥ
Ϣ䣬
һһֱƻͨе˶æµʲô
˿̣峤ҵſڣѾۼʮ
Ƕѹ𣿡
ϴ峤ˣ¶֮ɫ
ѹˣھ͵ȥˡ
ǰһĿȻ˵
ãǹȥ
ϴ峤˵ͷֱ߷ȥ
󺺵˾һĸ˹ȥ


178 ҹ
룬һȺվаӡС塢Сˡ
ˣǰ龭˵һ°ɡ
ϴ峤˹һ۴ߵǰ
С˵ɡ
Ӳ˼˵źȻСıĿ⣬ŵüæ͡
С˵
ϴ峤Сһ˵
ģǼ˴ģǰصѰʬ
Сϴ峤˵˵һ룬ȴ߳Դϡ
ֱ֣Ǻ֣ѵңǸŮǲǹҶŸɰ
ϴ峤üͷ¶֮ɫ˵
ˣ峤ˣѾˣð˵ɡ
꺺ۼˣĶߵ˵
ϴ峤һ̶ۣĬ˻֣ʾԷ˵ȥ
֮˳صҲûпʬǣǷһ޴ĺɫʯȥֵǮӣΪǼû뵽ʯš
˵˴СĬˣƺʲô飬˵ȥˡ
ǰڴĴ峤תŸλס
˿̣ǿСĿ⣬ڴ֮ɫСɵһ죬ڡ
ʯ棬һˣһΪֲˡ

صĺóеɫȻһ䡣
Ǹ˿ȥᣬǻ²ɫӡǣֲܹܿǴûмˣͲˣʱǾͶˡ
ȫעţܵʱ򣬲ɵһðһ亹
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һᣬΧĴ񣬽Լеľ˵˳
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İɫļѣ簡ҹŮתˣγȥ˵Ǹǻ
꺺ӿŰɫȺеһӣ΢Ц˵
ϵصʬʬˣȻɫתһЩҲ˵ʬẦ˰ʬʧʱֻаڳȴʲôǲסˣ¶Ǵ˵Σհ
СվһԣΧľɫЩߵ˵
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СǰһУ̾˿Ȼ΢Цף֮С
峿ĴУһƬǽ壬
вٴڵϣ˯
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Գ쵰Ҿ֪ûģͷ۸ͷӣҲʰˣ峤Ӳˡ
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ڿһľ֮󣬳ԳŵĵطݺݵĴȥ
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ԳƨһʹͻȻһɷɨΧƱˡ
Ҵģզأզأһ԰
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峤˰㷢ӷ谡Ϊʲôңû㣬˼лú˵
ԳһεȰ
ľڹ˵㿴ڶʲôʱˣһȺ˯ҹǴ峤ѴӸģҵķš
ϴ峤꺺ӣŭɫŨһĲݵӡ
úúã֪ˣİɣϴʰ
ϾҪˣȥҿɾˡ
Գ֣ߣһǸ
ãҿô
ϴ峤ľһӣŭת߽֮С
飡
һ죬˷š
治װˣȴһ°ɣͷ鷳
Գε̾˿ΧһУһĨЦ
յգ絽ٴλȻһ¡
û֮ǰû֮ǰһжҪ鹦Գ
ʰˣҾɣĻҪ˷һֽţ˽ǳ˵ӣﻹһЩԷٻȥ
Գ㶨һ֮󣬺ȻʲôҴҵĳһ߷ȥ
Ѿˣ½½˳ÿ˵϶΢ЦǵŲͬĶپۼ˴ڣ·ڵȴʲô˵ĵ
οҪ໻һЩףĻԼֵׯڸ԰ռҵ̻ÿ궼˹ôƶĵطǶչˣǺ˰
ɲôռҵ˶ǻЩǵİǴӿͲˣʺĹطҲֻЩ˲Ż
ǿ峤ˣһǣעעʷĻ



179 ׳
һһɺɺС
һλɫӵձߵȺǰ
ŴŲͬĶɤӣȻڡ
ˣϻҲ˵ˣעʡòһҪռҵĴӡ󡣡
˵꣬һ˦תˡ
еˣͯڣһĿԶɽ·ǽΨһ·;
ԶһģĺӰĳʻ
ˣˣעˡ
ϴ峤̬࣬Զɽ·ڴ֮ɫ
һ˵УǼ˲ɵķһ̾


ݳޣ
˷׷׾ϴ峤ҲĿ͵ĿǰһʱЩ
עˣעǵʡ󡣡
ǴĲǸˣǷ壬һҪ˼һӡ󡣡
ϴ峤ſںĴȻ򣬾һĿźʻ
ܿ죬˴ڣڴǰͣ
嵽ˣȥһЩȻ뿪
ط̫ƫƧûеͼҵѾ´ܷŹκһӡ
ҵĻŻӣΣǱ񡣡
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ţ峤ּˣһκһôʳռ̻ǲǵġ
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Щ˸һ³ӴУϵóһƷĴһĿɿڴǴûмôĶǰ궼óģξȻһСӡ
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»ˣԷҲûʲôô̫ƫƧˣǸòǵ֪ͨ¾ʹգһ֪Щôġ
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һɫ꣬ɫ԰ףӺһ·
˿̣վڴڣһˣһЦ
ˣסһʱ𣿡
˵Ļº͵΢Ц˲ɵĶֺøС
ԣһɹ󣬷׷תŴķȥٶȼ죬գ۲
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ǣ˵ȴһĵĹ̡


180 ҽ
ĽǳǳһЦǰߡ
̧֣ڶԷһĿ
֪λγƺڼ粿ӦǼ׷ˡ
Ľſ˫һƽĿеߣڡ
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˼ҲܣУҽаɣҪޡ

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ˣȥ˯һþˣȥɹɹ̫Ϣ
ԼĶͷٸоȣæл
ллллҽһˡ
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һ
һһһʮ֮
Ľɳ˿󹦸һ㣬ֲȥ˶ͷϵĺˮ
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ҽôҪټɣϾѾһˣĲСҿŶۡţϿӣһ䡣
޷ܿͿˣΪҵġ
㣬ôˣ￴ôãʵһҪࡣ
Ľ֮ǳǳһЦ¶һӡ
˴뱲ˣ಻ʲôԸϣԸԣ֪һǳңԶΡ
ԣΪ峤ҪΪǸҵΣҲǴôҵԭ򡣡
ΪǸܵõҵļŬ
ţҡҡͷ԰գһ΢ЦĿŴҡ
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ĽɿǰһУһЦվӣʾһ˹
ȻѾ¶ƣ֮ɫûлȥϢΪһУֵã



181 С
ƻ轵١Ѫ
տУƬƳֳһ̺죬ɫˡ
ĽһϣΧȺڡ
ˣҵⶼѾˣǲǿΪҰһϢĵطˡ
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Ľɿǰˣεʼ磬߷ȥ
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ĽɿǰһУͻȻ־Υܰо
ڷ֮⣬ߺдײ
룬ĽҲ֪һףԼĵ
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Ľɾڴϣ˼⣬ſյСݣ̶˼֮С
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еʱһΪȥѧʲô׾١
Ǹʱ򣬸ĲľǱԴ
ȻеëʣһʹվСɵĿЩԡ

Сĵĸ̾ħһ㾲վĽɵ󣬿ǰˮīɽƣ¶ֻ飬ȥҸ
һ֮Ľ˿һԵСһ
ȣ
ܽĺѧ뽫ľɫȫ
С˲ǰ꣬˾ϲݡ
еʱҪ츳ȴҪŬԻõĶ
ûþһûܻԼҪЧǻһֶź
ʵеʱ򲢲ǿ˻ĺÿҪäĿȥѧϰǲԵģѡʺԼĲȷġ
ĽɵһЦǰһݵŮ̵
ôǷˣˣ첻ѧˣԭֻһȥҵĺýã飡
Сһ˲俴˲٣ҡҡͷĽɣ̬
飬ǲϲŮǸˣҲգʱ仹ܳԣȥһ˰ɡĽ΢΢һЦ赭д˵
ĻСĻ֣ȥ


182 ǲǿ
ĽɺСոߵǰһʮӴ˳
еģķӣĽϵöԷ˭︻Ů
壬áĽ˸к
ԣ¶֮ɫĽɵ֣ǿ˵
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Ľɿǰӣ΢΢һЦ˵ͬʱǸӵ֮Ůӡ
֮ܵţͨ˶ಡģܳΪʦ³ֻ·һѾ˵һ֮ţǲ֪ǿᵽԼ֮ǰǲͬһˡ
Ľһֱ߽֮С
ӷڣû̫İ裬ֻһЩũרõĸֹߡ
Ľһĺ棬һòŮڴϡ
Ů鲼ɫȻЩףȴβס
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ҵһۼʱ򣬾͸оУ֮ǰļһ΢΢˵ͷڡ
𣬰飬Ҳָоû˵ôţֻǾƯ죬Ǽǲסļˣ˵֮аǲǿˣŶԣѾʮˣ˳׵ˣĹֲӵǶҪˡո£Сһڿ˸Ц
Сô˵ҽء
Ӧ˽۵ģôһ˵˶ΰ
Ů޲£ҽǧҪְ
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ĽߵԣǰŮӣַڶԷ֮ϣĿڵı仯
Ľһ彥ĳʦżڵȥЩȫ֮£ֻҪϢһʱȫɢ̶Ϊһƾʿ
ڣҪһɣһ˵˵ɡǣ֪οڣе֪Ѿ޴󰭣Ľʵͷۡ
תΪʦ
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Իһ˵һԼЩ̫ŵ˵
ҲֻˣȻܲףɻأǿԵġ
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СĻԭء
Ѿ˺ܶĽͣ˻Щ̫ţС
ȻҲţǿĽһӣҲȻˡ
󣬿Ŵƽûа㲻ʵİ飬Ųɡ
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СվһԣָŴϵİ飬¶ŨŨĻ֮ɫ
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ˣҲǹİ飬ҽҲСѾͷһʶģǰɡ
ĽɺȻһЦԵúǺ񣬵Ľﰵ̾һ
ţûʲôˣԷһ΢Цڡ
ȻᣬС⣬ڰûˣҲû¶ȥߣһʿһ磬кô
˵꣬Ľת׶СһЦ˵
һһЩҪûʲô£ˡ
壬һЩ嵭ʳڰӡ
£Ľɾֱˣȥ
ıӰɵ̾һ
ΪǿҪǼҵŮԸһֻһǧֻ
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üһأһۺ꣬¶֮ɫ
ѽҲûĻϣǸСӿ׸ǼҲ̸ۼ޵䣬ұҪúһ¡
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£һѰӣɱȥ
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183 
ûҿǸƯûʲô°
仰Ͱ㸸׸סˣҾǲô
ҪҲڴӣһᵱҴƭ˰Ϸߡ
СŴϵİ飬һ̬͸ֲ
Ǵ﹫ϵҽٴκ˲ȡ˿á
Ҹ춼ڿ֣䶼ˡ
鿴һСЦ˵
һôôı£ƯŪúǸҽһģҿǶˣǸҽƭȡǴӵĶӣ⼸ҪˣʱһҪ취Ưͼҽһ£ɾͺˡ
СζһЦ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ű棬Ц
СɲҪƯҽĺģ˵ûҵӵȷ˺ܶ࣬ϴηصûǵĲҲԼģ֮ǰ߲˶ãͻ۵ĲˣߺԶˡ
¶һĨ΢Цƺ뵽ʲôõĻ棬̵ġ
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˵꣬С¶һµӣð鲻ɵڿЦ
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СܣһûΪ㱣ذͰķڶɡ
Сǰİ飬ظһŵӣһִҲ˵ȥĸо
ˣ¶֮ɫǰķС̾˿
ôõĻᣬôء
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ˣӻ֪ġ
ͷ֮ͨС˵ͷȻڴϱ˫۶Է˵ЩʲôҲᡣ
ߣȤһ˵ҵĻɣΪһǰһȥһҿĸ㣬ãҾԻؿƿģϾһιϵҸҪǹ۲ǸƯΣԷûȤĻҲֻܷˣ˵ˣҿҲûʲôŵ㣬ΪĮ
Сħһ㣬ָͷĽɵĸȱ㡣
˿̣һطһ߷ڡ
Ľվţ峤ǰȻ䣬һ磬̶ü
ǰĭɵߣ¶֮ɫִ϶Էĳ嶯
ǣһ˼ҵӣд峤ϣֻüˡ
Ľ峤һЩԼũ̶֮УȴԷһڷˣҷ˵ţΪԴӵҪԡ
Ľܾ޴ĥʱһͻأ洫˽
峤Ǹˣ˺ܶ࣬ǵļƣҪռǴһ㣡
ѽںҽ̸Ҫ飬ļһ粻ƫƫʱ˶ôǷѾҪˣԷҪĻԼҾܰƽǣǴʲôȱΨȱ׳ӲģǻòͷˣǸҽϽˣǴѾҽˡ
ţϺܲͷ˵ƺصĺĴͲм⵹ǸĽһ뿪ĺûᡣ
Ȼ峤˻ҪҾͲˡ
ԵĻҾͲˣϾ˫棬ᷢһЩͻ
ĽڣͬʱҲӦ֮ߡ
ס壬ҪԭشƫƧԼݱ¶ˣҲҪһʱɢȥ㹻ʱߡ
һ㣬ڵĺɫӡǣͬʬߵĹ֮һֱ޷Ϊֵǣ뺽֮ԼĴڣҲĽڷԭҪһƧĵطȥ̽뺵ĸԴڡ
Ѿ̤컯ˣΪҪľˣľԽߣʵԽǿ컯һḶ́ʦǱĿŬһ޷ͻƣΪʲôֻ侳˷Ϊˣһݺ£컯ʦԶ޷顣
ţԵ˵ͷ˵
֪ˣ鵱ȻҪˣһ԰ƽģĺĴƭǶǮǡ
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һ̣Լķ֮У治ϾۼȺ
ĽԥջǾڣʶɢϸ۲̬ķչ
ķͻֻðг֣Ƕȹһ١
˿̣ڡ
׺ᣬԲĴ󺺣Ȼ
ǵһСŰֺӣһмĿǰĴ
ȻȫѴҷ˼Զţϣ
ţͷӣϹأҸǿǰѽ֮һճɸңѾʴˣǲôңϾǴӻв˶ҾȻģ㲻飬ҲÿԼӹǣ뿪ңܻȥҿҽ
ֱ̱޷
£վԵ׺󺺹Ц֮¶š
ҽҪ㣬ӽԺӸǴһĶ
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Ļƾʮˣֲˡ
Ѿܾˣǿҩ˲ǣŻ£Ҫʵͱ㺦ˡ
ҪʳֿԣӽԺƭǡ
ţվȺ֮УָŶĻ
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ڹ˵ѹեǣǲҪˣ
ɥӹҽǴӣﲻٻӭ㣡
㣬ӵȭͷǲ۵ģڲԸ



184 
һʱ䣬ŭ֮ڶ
ǿƣöԷһɫȻһ䣬Ȼû뵽ľ档
ǸŰֺĻŭҪһ㡣
áܺãû뵽Ҷ̶ûǵĳͱӲˣиˡ
ǲһҽˣҪ̸̸
ָŴڵǺɭȻû¶ȣв֮⼫ΪŨ
ǵҽ̸㻹İɡ
ǴҽҽΪ˼ЬʸûС
ߣҪҽȹһأ˵ҿܾˣǰǴ峤ţͽѵˡ
ȺУһĴ󺺳ŻһŭȣȻѾѹƲסŭ
Գ˿ֳһѾ޴£ŻһȻ޲һԷܽһ㡣
ԣɫ˲˪Ѿ֪ȥԶԷҵһԼҽֱȡԼĵλ첻óһ㱾£ЩǺúƣԼԺô߽
ãܺãǹȻһȺӲţ֮
Ҳ⣬Ϊҽĵǣ첻˵ǲưոݵģǱһ
ֻҪܹ֤Էҽ֮ϣҾķڷҴӽԺ󲻻Ƿ塣
ǣ˵׵ĻҽҲһӣ󡣡
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ŭŶ꺺ӣһм˵
࣬ӽݺݽѵһ٣˵
Գʱðɣ³ȥȴһ˫ֺݺݵסˡ
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ثַſңȥսһ˵첻ϷߣҪݺݱһ٣
˵꣬ĸ첲һҪԷսٻغϵӡ
ѽԴ磬㿴ԷݣֱӳȥһǱ˼ȺŹģ侲һЩȴ峤ָʾʱһȥһȺ࣬Ҫܺͽ⣬ڶҲֻٰʮˣ߼һǶԷ屶ȺŹǶ޾壬ʲô
סԳĸ첲ĿŶԷĳ˵
Գ֮ѹŭ𣬿ŻˣȻĴָ͵İ¡
峤ɣһ߲ƣӽһˣΪ˴ӣΪҽΪԼҲûȺȥˡԳ̵֮ͺһ
ţԣһ˼֮У֪Щʲô
ι˵ǲû°Ҷ˵ˣӽԺǷûϵˣԺ󿴲ҲҪˣǲҪˣ˵ˣô꣬Ǵʲôʱ㣬ѹեǴ꣬Ҳ˰ɣҸһҲֵ̫󣬵ʱ˫á
ţԶĻˣֱ׳ĺ
Ȼţ峤ô˵ˣҽҲһˣǲҪˣǾȡ
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նĺǿӲɣʱߵһȺ׳Ȼŭ
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һҪߴ֮ʳĸǣǳѣ˶Ǿ飬ԣԷǸܴӦ˫̸Ѿʼѡ
ڹ˵ҲԼжͣҪôණǸʵҾ͸˵˰ɣҪʳԣʮף֮ⱲӶҪˣ
ţϷŭ֮£
Ļʱǵһ壬վ
ϿؼҳʺȥɣøƵģǵҽûñȰ
Ǹ˵ʮףһߣҪʮӰæ
峤ǱϻˣûУҪǸֱӴǵĹȡ

˼ߣϵĳŻƿڴ
ʱûһ˵ɫޱȡ
ƴ磬ȺҵһɽеνҽЩ£ҪȻǵ̬ȲǿӲԷʵ⣬һǱȻҪԿ
ڻԣһδ󺺿ǰľƣĶС˵
ԣɫһƬأ̶Ĭ
ӣǵȷҵһʵĴֱӰҶˡ
ڶʵʲȥڵľ棬Ķǲûаʤ㣬ᱻԷݺݱһ١
УҪһȫ֮ߣסǣΪȡһЩ˼ʱ䡣
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󺺵˵ͷ׷ǰһӰں棬һļơ
峤쿴ǸͻȻ˵ȥˣǲܰҿԷһˣǲģһԳЦţ峤ĶС
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ţ֮󣬺ȻһԳĺ档
ǸôĽˣ㿴𣬴˿̶Էһ֪ҽǿӲ̬ȣӲıضҪԿԾҪˣУһСˣһӻˮһῴҵж˲¶Էʵڲеպˡ
ţ˵꣬¶һĨɫĿĿԶˡ
峤Ǵû飬ѵҪɣ˵ǻһ㣬ǣûеɱɵĵزôе²ȥ֡Գԣͫ͵һ˵
׳գΪҽΪ˴ӣһ鶼ֵõģҽܵ˻ֺʱǾѴʬҲйߣԤΪá
ʶĻǾһ˵ˣԷʮҲǳصģǵǶǿ׳
˶࣬ԣһսǻһƵġ
ţһƴԳĺ֮ϣ꺺һʹֻصĵ˵ͷ
һ䣬߻ǲߣߵĻ͸ϽǷ顣
˫ĶҲҪһԼʵ֪Сʶ˲٣ǣǷҲһǧŴ壬Ұ
ǰĿʱ䣬ҪôˣҪôǰǴߣԼǰɡ
ţϿԶûа㶯Ļˣ¶֮ɫֱӿں
ĴҲһ󸽺ͣ޲ֱӳȥԷһ˺ݺһ


185 г
峤ôżҪһ㿼ʱɡ
ǶҲʲ壬ҹҪ֮ʳΪļ۸񣬷Ļһ֣ŲţŲҰǴӵҽߣҿǻҲҺԡ
ߣ˵ǷǱ˵С⣬ʲôʱȡǮǾҪԹԵĸ׼ãǻһôͰռǴˡ
ʲôǧŴ壬һʺƵطߣڣҸѡ񡣡
һʵʵʳڶֹĵҰɡ
Ӵǵ
ⷬʹţŭ𣬵ûг嶯˳ɱȥΪй˼ɡ
࣬ʵƻ˵ʲôҲˣǣϣ
ţ͵һҧֳǰһָ
Գ֮ûаԥ³ȥ
Ҳһҽϡ
һ̣һȺ꺺ӷ׷׳żһԶʮ˳˹ȥ
ȻǴˣ벻ֶˣĻһˣҪҳȣˣһ£ʵڹţóһӻˮţֻӴ޾ˡ
СڣĽջʶ̶һ̾Ϣ
󣬴ӻȡһɫƿӣƿڵöɫ衣
еĵ裬һĨǳЦ
մջһЩҩտóˡ
һˣĽȻе裬һĨɫڰ֮С
һӣɫ˲ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬңŭײһƬ
Ӱζ
˵ҴҿǻֶܼãǺƴˣ
ԳӰԵЩǱ˿̣ѾҵͷƮ˫£ǰҵȺ̴һ
ո£Ⱥ̳һӣҲһǱӡ
ԣҪ˵һ֣һܸȫŵڵأŲԶԳ
Գˣصĵ˵ͷºȻ˽ȥвߺš
ץǸ˸ӣһҪƨɴ򿪻ĺĴܾˣ첻ڶĲݡ
ԣʱвӦŶԷһ͹ҵ˼㡣
ףǸ˸ȥˣôӰأ֣ѲѾˣ
ţվڴڣǰĻҾ¶֮ɫɨܣϵѰŻӰȴûа㷢֣кɻ
ʱ˭Ҳûп̳֮УһĨɫƮУת˲֮ʧ
Ľϥڷڣ˫վ
Գ棬鷢չԽء
ٲȥĻǻᷢһЩص¹ʡ
ѾҩԷڣ뿪ӵʱӦþͻᷢˡ
Ľɰૣֱ֮ȥ
ոߵſڣһӰ˹ֱײϡ
СΪʲôôǲǷʲôˣô˳֡
ĽɿŻеŮڣ֪С
ΪԷһֱ濴Լһ㣬飬ĽĸΡ
Բµ˭˼һţϷԸôġ
ǣڷǰֻαװȥһֱȥ
Ư㻹ܳȥһȺˣ峤ҹһȺ鷳ԣȽһӰɣȥ峤ǱߴôˣȻЩңǲõģǴӾ飬һͺˡ
Сں΢΢һת˵еԭɣԭһص飬Ŀ˵˲ƽ޳ˣ֥Сһ㣬ֵһᡣ
ӲһС°ɣôĶһǹȥһɡ
֮ǰڴ峤֪һЩӦǰǸĴˣȻĻ˫ô֡
ˣҰɣȥȥͻء
ĽǳǳһЦһĶͷŴڷ̣˵
У㲻ȥҪȥˣһᱻǿģһС¶㲻Сɶˡ
ƯҽӢҽͲҪȥˣ㲻֪ǸΪˣڼ㣬ͻԼˡ
Ҫǿˣˣģˡ
СǰһĽɵǰһ˵еԵɡ
ĽɿǰŮᶨģһʱΣֻͣԭء
ôôЩ꣬ôǿģŶԷǻһЩҽģȻĻô꣬Ϊˣһ޷ƵĿȻԷҲǾһĽ֪ʱ߲ˣǻһתй顣
ѽ㲻֪ǸǴӵʱ򣬸һֱ˰
ʱǴӵȷûд򣬵Ǵǵ嶼ܽǷ񶼺ǿ׳
㿴ңϸƤģҿǺģӵĳƨҵĶ֡
СĽֱӿڮƶԷĵûаô
Ľɿੲݵӣûпڣ¶һĨ΢Ц
˵ĶģǸһĴÿθǿҩһЩںҩȻЩôȴкʵɺޣСĽɺȻЦˣͻȻʶԼĿŻЩ˼ͷ
ÿζһЩɫҩβܲÿζһɣǰ飬ͨϣóǰӺ˵ĺҩк鲻֧ŵڡĽ֮˼ǰСٴʵ
һ㣬Ľһֱɻ󣬰ӵ֮壬ʦĶʣΪʿȫ磬ǣûгΪʦô֮˵кô꣬ðάȥģһʲôء
ȻˣȻԸϣǸȷЩ£ΪԽԽ̰
Ǵӵʱ򣬴峤ʱһʼǴӺܻӭ
ʱһĺβ;¶ˣҲǷȥԭ򡣡
С¶֮ɫѿУֻԹޣû˿顣
Ǵӵʱ򣬵ȷΪٴ˲ǶҲܺãһ߷ʳסǺþһ޳ܵСˣȻϷǴеһЩδŮһβóѣָֻһ¶ѣǺԷ䱾峤ֻýϳӣٻˡ
ǻûоʹȥ֮ļУÿ궼һΣǴ峤鿴⣬տʼֻҪЩʳ峤Ϊ˴ҲͬˣΪ˻ܻģܲΣԷά˼Ĺϵ
ڵʱ򣬰Щͦסˣץסһ㣬Ϊ˾ΰ飬ӽ֮һʳ
֮θԽԽҲʹҪԭһôʳǸ䣬˶ҪŶӡ
ռҵİûռҵľȼãǷͻΪһƬˡ
ֱ̫ɶˣǵ˿
СԼЩ̲סȥͶԷƴɱһˡ
Ľ̾˿ûԼ֪һЩ顣
磬ɫҩʲôάְҩʲô֪Լûô
ˣѾˣȷɶ֪ǲҳԭ򣬶ҳȥܵԷв̶뿪Ӱɡ
ĽɿСҪ˵ȥӣֱӻ˻֣ʾͣ
㶼֪ˣ㾹Ȼ֪ˣ˵ôãˡ
ʵҶҵд峤ˣǷҪ￴㡣
һ۾Ϳˣһʮִˣҽ̫ˣҼġ
˵СԽӣĽɿڴ
ˣ֪ˣҲȥˣҿѾˡ
Ҹߴ峤ʱǲ뿪ӵģǸߡ
˵꣬СһЦתȥ
СĽɵıӰҪڣȻʶʲôȻתԶѾƽϢ̳¶֮ɫС죬
ǵģһ԰˼û뵽ôͽˡ
Ժȥɣȥڿʲôˡ
԰գֱڷȥĽһۣûа


186 Ļ
㻹ʲô˵ҪôԼҪô
Գڴ𣬵Ц֤˿̵жô
ʶĸϽĸȥһ°ɡ
ȻǿɾͶȲˣʱԾȵĻᶼûˡ
治֪ӹҽԼʱʲôӣ᲻ԼҲƭأ
ţϵЦҲ˳ȫǵʤ
СܵڣǰľĵԳڴϢƤͨ죬վӱжˣɢͷǱ̬Сһġ
ڳĴϣٶܵһЩˣЩ޴󰭣ĻҲòȥÿһ˶ǻڵϣһ˿Ҳûһ㣬ǻ˿첱ӴֵĿŴǣ˫֮иŭ
ǣ峤˸û˵㻹ôŲһȥԴ
Գ£ڻǰһƣһӣץζž޴ȭͷڶԷһȻʱöԷһȭ
ޣԳбʹ򰡣ҿǻʲôͣһԵˣûк³Ҳ⣡
ڴϢţǰ׺Ĵ󺺣͵һĭǿ֮⼫Ũ
˸ӣΪҲҴǲǣҽʶһӵȭͷʲôζ˵ثǰɣҽ㿴ʲôдүǣ
Գȭͷǲ죬ץ׼գһȭԷĳ嶯
ԳһȥڲǴʱ򣬷ſлҪ˵ţϺȻڣ̬Ȼɡ
ԳһеĻһɿһŽߵһߡ
ĶŶԷʲô񶾾ٶ˲һҵԷ
ţŸ˹ǰ׵Ļ˵
˸ҹжԶԶԶҪҼ㡣
ٸ̤Ƿ벽һԶ
˵꣬ţϺݺݵĵ˶Էһۣⷬв֮⼫ΪŨֻҪԷɵӣеɱ⡣
̧ͷţϵĿУŨŨԹޡ
ţϣҶԴ˵һвĻøϽ֣ҵΪˣδĿĲֶΣұһСˣҵòĶҲõҽСһЩǷΧɶǻ֮أ˵һͻȻʧˡ
ЦһǰߣԲĵ˵
˵вǣҿǻˣ峤Ҹɵ˸Ӱɡ
ԳŶԷģŭǣ첲ҪȥԷһȭȴţסˡ
ллѣԴ˹ˡ
Ǻڣ
ţɫȻĿЩĻ˵
󣬻ȻתŴӷȥʾԳ˹
Գ֮ǰڻǰ˼ȭͷ߷ֹ߲һ
ߣҪǴ峤ţһΪֹ
£Ȼתˡ
ƴô죬߻ǲߡ
ֵȫˣʹѣȳ˰ɡ
ţϺԳߺڻߣһ¶ʹĴʵ
ģȺݰ﷭ˣ벻ԷȻҵһһԶҵϣôһʺĹطҲڴͣе㲻š
˳ٳûг֣ҪôûǷҪôǱϵ˱ˣǱӳ顣
ҾͲˣԷһӣҪҵУΪ˵ĵһݵء
˵꣬ŵ³һ̵
ǣȫûзԼ̵ˮ̺˴Ѫ˿ЩѪ˿Ѿˡ
ô죬Ѿˣܲȥɡ󺺳ٴʵ
׳գҸղŲ˵ôȥӳ飬²ܾôˣһҪ֪˵㣬Ȼȥ񣬷µʳǳһӣ취ǱУˮµҩҵҪǸҽܲܽⶾߣ
һ£ˣһȺɥ֮Ȯһ뿪˴˵ء
ǵȥһ󻶺
ȺˣһΪǻǼȥأˡ
ҽʵ̫ˣһȥιֵأҲˡ
Ǳӵ̫ÿˣ̫ˣ
Գ׹ЦһԿЦ
ſĲ߽˴֮С
æܵԳǰ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ϵҵˣǲǿ԰Ǹˣ
СίЩŤĿԳһʱЩͷԡ
ʲô⣬Ҹ㰲ʲôˣ㿴Ѿͷ˵ôĥĥġ
͸˵˵ҪԷҪڣźˬ
㿴ڣʲôӰ
ԳСǲĺ
ԳҹؼȥôѵԼŮ𡣡
ޣ˵ڳԷôûжء
ʹؼҸҹϴ°ȥСһȥһŮҪʲô
һԶŵԳ̱͡
һ긾Ů˹һԳĶ䣬һȥ
һº
һԺڣһ³ȹŮվ
¶΢ЦǰһɫĿ꣬˵
Ư磬ܽ𣿡
ֻһãѧҿԽ㣬ڲСĽɿǰŮӣһЦ
ŮӲǱˣӵ֮顣
˿̣Ѿһڴˡ
һµʱڣҲûгֹһΡ
һ㣬ȻЩɻ󣬵ϸ룬ҲȻˡ
ҪôǶԷķˣҪô֪ǷĶ֣Զˡ
ԵɣֻĽһ֪ΪԷѾȪˣӦʬ嶼ҩʴɾˡ
ĽȻܵ˵𾴣ÿ˶ǼΪݣֳ֮иΪǻֵܣˡ



187 Ϊ
ĽɿеʱܻһԺУϵĻʲô
еʱһ춼ڶһܶ˶ǲ⣬ΨĽԼ֪
Ĳǻľÿһֻ̺ʦܸоõֻͨܿı֮֮⣬ûа㲻ʡ
ͬʿĽɵĻ֮󣬶̶ѪΪ̺Ĳһ˿ʶ֮ʶǿᣬ֮ͬкҵǿĴڡ
Ľһµʱڣһ
һͨͨɽ棬ûаʱСڳĴŮ
ڶһˣħ޺ܹһţȴûһܹɣ޷ڻԷĿֲȱٵĶ
һ빬޺ʱĸܵ˶ԷʵƿأȺۡ
ܵĽһֱ޷еľ裬ʶֻһƷǣǰƷ̺ĽɶЩɵ
ѾԵһɱ֮ͬ˿˻֮󣬾޷ֲֿѹ
ԼΪϾ޺ӵ侳Լֻ컯Ρ
ĽɵóĽۣԣĵһŮӣһɫŮӡ
Ůǰڵ·ϣɳһˣһֱĽɶûнԷǡ
һɫٻӰԺ֮вϸ֣յһĿ
Ľɱ˫ţһ
һƬ֮УһŮŵվгڽ֮ɫŪһ㡣
ĽɵʱΨһоԷһϷʵŪԼӵѱԷץˣԼǷܻţһδ֪֮
ɵʱĽһ졣
ڼ䣬е˶ľٶе֣˴չһ𿴡
ǣ˶ûпеŵеĴΪеˣһеġ
ȻҲ˿һŮӣһۿˡ
Ůӵֱɡ
СĽŮ֮һ֮̾˿
鿴֮лһĨ֮ɫ¶һԸŵӡ
ǵ뷨ĽȻ֪֮󣬱ǽһ붨֮Уһж޹ˣȥʣȥܣĿŻ棬Ѱһеһо
һḶֱ́չĽɲ
ʱѾΧ˴񣬿Ŀ⣬˵ġ
ܼ򵥣һ˲Բҹһͨ˿ġ
Ľ֮󣬶ΧǸȻһЦǽ˺þãŰȺĴߡ
һʱ䣬ÿ춼ĽɣԼͬʱҲһЩε⡣
Ư磬ǻеŮ𣿡
ȻݣҸоõ
鿴Ľɣ΢Ц˵
ˣʵֻһİ˰ˣֻڼ֮󣬲Żġ
Ľÿζʵʵ˵˵ģⰡ
һƯҪɣҪȻƯҲһֱŻҹңҿûʱһȥ
΢΢һЦԵЩĲɵӣĽһΡ
Ůҵ˼ǲ⣬Է˵ûд
ͨ˾Բ飬ֻвˣǳ֮˲Ż飬ѾĽɵΪŮӳԵˡ
磬Ϊһɡ
֮ĽɺȻڴ˳
ôأ鳤ҲÿƯ续ˣһΪҵЦ
һ죬΢ףԵЩ˼
ĽɵһЦû˵ֻǾĿ
ʵ˵ҪҪģ
ʱһľҲһ˵ڡ
㻭һʱͿԿԼ̶š
ĽȰŮӵգܶŮӣһǳ㣬߻ȻǰİȣɬһЩǰǵĸоһ
鿴Ľɣ¶֮ɫˣۿдתȻܵ˼ĸж
Ľɿӣһ̾ŮӹȻǰ޵ġ
ȻԼʶŮ˵к˿޹ϣΪ¡
̧֣ŰºһЦȥ˶Է۽ǵΣƽĿ
ԲЩʧ̬ˡ
ĵͷȥĽɵӣԼһܶһ㡣
Ľɵǰһ˴СŮҿ
ˣûµĻҪʼˣҽҲûʲô
ÿ춼ǿţҲЩ̫Ӧ
Ľɺ˵һµԼļжȹ
ÿ飬Ϊڵĸӻȥɡ
ЩţϷԸģҲǳͬɻȻ
ƯˣӵӻǺܶ࣬ԼĹڵݲͬ峤˰㵱ɹҲĺ˿ǲ࣬ȻҪϧˡ鳯ĽȻһЦ
ǺðɣȻ㿴ңҲ˵ʲôˡ
һǰһɣ֪ܻܲá
Ľ΢΢ͷкȻһֻëʣóһŰֽǰϣȻչ
һƣðԼǰ
˿ȫעĻ
龲Ĭʼմ΢ЦǰһһʣԼò
һ̣еǳҸ˹ţΪԼѾϲĽˡ
һ˵ŮӻһЩ˽ӳ棬ֺĻԽԽ
Ľ֪⣬ǣ֮䲻ʲô
ΪͲͬһ磬գҲߵһ



188 ҵĻóȥ
磬ķ
ôôƮݡ
ĽɿǰŮӣڰֽ湴ճա
ÿһʶˮһ㻪ûа覴ãû˿ͣ͡
ֻ˰ΣŰֽ滭ա

͡
΢Ц飬Ȼ˻浱С
ĽɻһʣëŮһЦʾѾˡ
Щ񣬶Ľ¶һĨɵЦݡ
죬æԣװӡ
ۣҶ֪ԭԼôƯ
鿴ŻеŮӣⷢһ̾
΢Ц۾Ľаһ̾
֪ǰŮ˼֮ߵһ
ΪĽҪߵ·;עһȷѪֻ꣬ʺƽ
ţҪ㳤ĺÿĻҲЧ
ˣȻԾ͸ɣԺҪȥ峤һˡ
ʲôɣⲻȥ
ĽɳŰ΢΢һЦǰĻİװһ֮ԷС
һϲɫУĽɬĵ˵ͷ
ʵƯȥζһģ峤ǸƢ
һЩģũҲͬġ
ɣҸһ취ȿ¿ΪһЩף㿴ô
õ֮󣬶Ľգգ۾˵
¿׳԰״ǵģһ⡣
ҼȻһˣҪԼ˫Լ
ȻʱˣִܻᷢģȻа취Ǿ˵˵ɡ
Ľɲÿɷĵ˵ͷʾԷ˵ȥ
Ư紴Ļôÿ໭һЩȻóȥ
㻭ôÿıһЩһȥղء
룬һ߻ζԼеĻһڴ˵
Ľԣ˲ء
ۻ
ôܣЩʦˣһӴ˵ģһص⣬ÿһ棬̺һ˿֮ͨ˿ˣе飬棬ʦˣһֽˣͷĿѣش
ĽɱҲľԼĶȫ뻭֮УѾΪÿ޵Ḷ́һһԴԴϵĸȥ侳Դʱ򣬻ְա
ҵĻóȥ𣿡
ܱ߲ûгôѵ˾ﷷ𣿡
Ľ֮ɫһŰ飬ʵ
ܼɵʦһ¶ԼݣΪеʦĵˡ
ûб¶ɽڶȻҲͨͨԼ֮Ĵܲ
ûܱߵȷûг򣬵ǣÿ߶˹һЩһһεĸϼ֮ǰûȻ֪зǳ֣Լǰһֱûȥʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ϼˣʱƯͿȥԼĻˣһȥ
鿴Ľɣ˵
ΪĽɵĻһȥͿºõӡ
μӸϼˣûʦ
ĽڣС̽ţеĻȥûеĻǿȥԣʤ˿ӴһЩֻʦУΪͨʦͲͬһ磬˫ٷ
ʦǿǴ˵еʦЩûмǰЩռǰȼǵʱ򣬺˾ʦ
ǣܶ˶ûмʦʲôԷ¶ˣûʦģЩˣ۵ĴʳһЩӰ˵Ķ
һΣҸ׻˴Ǯһƿ˵һ䱦ҵĸ׺ݺݵһ٣˵ϵƭˡ
΢Цǻ˵˿ûпĽеɫ
ϼ˻ܶɣϾһһΣʱһкܶȥɡ
Ľ΢΢ͷһĨǳЦӦһ㡣
ţÿζҵĸ״ԴһǸȥģΪÿׯճɲǺܺá
Լ취ֻռҵľȼ޷ӵģһռҵһΣǾͻкܶ˶ˡ
ԣֻóһЩʳƯĻܹʱȫ˶мģϾһЩʳͻܶ˵±
˵ͷĽɵ⣬ڴ
ֻҪĽͬ⣬ٴγΪĿеĴӢۡ
ĽɲҪʳ컯֮󣬿ȫﵽٹȡ
ǣÿӵˣָĳԵģһУ
Ⱥĵ紾ӵķˣĽɺǡ
ĽɵʵǲѣֻҪȥһΣΪӴʳ
ǣôδЩףǵֻһƽˡ
ˣеȣԼԵһЩ
ֻһЩ;ˣȷһѡ񡣡
ĽૣŰڴ⣬ǽŵӣЦŵ˵ͷ
Ҿ֪ƯһӦģȥϢ߸׻д峤
ͲˣŹһʱ䣬Ưͻᴴܶ
ʱøȡҲõʳˡ
鷢һ鼤ĿĽɣвɵһиš
ǣ֪һ졣
ҪĲֻ࣬ҪԱů㡣
˵Ұʵ̶ıġ
ʵҰģͻѪȷ硢ı֮С
ͷȫ˰׹ǣТհݼ˶ûС
ߺĽɵһëٴγС
˿ǰһŰֽ̾˿
ԭ컯֮ȴǱıֶΣ׽Ū˰
ȻˣҪȥҪĲһõĻÿһεĸ򡣡
ȫ޺ӣôҾԴ֮ҲͲԶˡ
Ľ͸һĨâһֽȻУһɵѹֽɢ
ɫصĿֽĽչ
һδɵ棬һȻƴֽȻ
Ľɿ֮ɫȻͷðһ亹ڳһɿֲѹ
һϤݳĽɵУԶǡ
ΪˣŻ̤֮·
ΪˣŻڵӡ
ΪˣŻᱻͨ
޺ĽĳǵҵһУΣ޾׷ɱЩҵģҪûԼĶҲҪҸͬĴۣһ죬һվǰЩ˵ǸʱƽңĽĳֻԼС
뵽ĽкŨеӣĿ˲мͼڽڳЦĽɲһ㡣
µİ˫üһæ˻
ԼȥеҲҿյģòҶǰձģ滭ģÿ˵ƶһ޺ΪԼ컯ڵʵֻܻ֮һµǿл滭һˡ
ĽɫصĿеֽ
й޺µƣǶԷĶдգ޺ˣڻҲˣĽ޷ıԭǸģһԣͻ鲻Խ뻭֮УЩǲɿܵء
ȻˣǾͿʼɣʶÿһ˶Ϊҵ֮
Ľ̾һֽ봢ڣ󵭵һЦóһŰ̷ֽϣëڰֽ棬ٵĹһϤٻӰ
ڵڴˣһϳճӰǵµ֮Ů
ĽֳëʣǴݵڰֽ֮Ͽ趯˫Ķ֮ʣаɫֽţ˿̵Ѿ뵽һ⾳֮УһԼľ磬һҵ硣
ķϢĹرգ֪ܶĽϰߣʱϲ˹ţҲղţֻҪĽһղţǾͲǰΪò
ȻҺǺ棬ȴ˴ֻżǰתƼȦ
󣬿ӰĬվڳ˼Բû˹ȥˡ
ö֮ĹŹϰߣѾֲ֡
齫Ľ飬߸ţϻԼĸףȺѵ䡣
˵£ôĽΪӸôأʼ̾Ľɵĸŵ㡣
ţϸκ˹ȥͳͺȣҪ׼ʱȥ


189 ׼
ʱζϼӿҪˡ
ÿʱ򣬷ڶǳ֡
ΪҶ׼óȥĶæľˡ
ǰеҪԱȻææ⣬ͳƷ¼ҸƷļ۸
ˣҲûкۣй࣬ÿζЦǺǵĽĶ֮ĸ߶Էһ仰
İɣ°ˣ㶫ٷ֮ٸȫ꣡
ţͻţϵһٴָıӣſڿ
ʲôգЩȥ𣿡
ҲռطʹͻȥһºƷ
֮ļգţϿһƷɸѡᣬڴӵش
ô½ÿ˶ǴԼҵĶϸֳͬı顣
пɫϲãнţзŭ
Ըָı飬ţɫ糣˿仯Ȼ
ԱŸʹͷ˵
ţ峤Ҫɶ˵ȥŻʲôð洫ĹŶԻʵٿԻ߰˴ףΪʲôأ㻹˵ƭ㣬Ҵ𡣡
ٵвţվţϵǰ¶һӡ
ţɨ˶Էһۣ˻֣ʾһȥ
ȥȥȥȥĴȥҪǵʱ䣬ʲô洫Ŷһ裬߰˴ףҰ˴ΪѺȥҸʮΪߣƭҡ
һγ۵ƷǱϸѹأƯҽѾ˵ˣԼĻ׳
ûУ˼ҿǲҪ㱨꣬ȫʳôҪ飬ǲɵ
˵꣬ţϿһԵ֮ɫһæϵĲˮݸһڡ
ţ費ҸǰδĶܹȥģǲҽǷʧ֪ǵ˲˿վţ֧㡣
ǰҪ˼ˮƽĻƯҽĻ˵ðĻһᱻһЩ̻չģǸʱǾͲΪʳˡ
һµĿʼǱϸԴÿһƷĶͲҪóˣȥҲֻǰ׷
ţϿе⼣߰ߵ裬ԥĶвš
ߣôõıȻʶˣûȥұ
в裬ƺһ˵תˣոһߣһˡ
ţԾһ飬ϵɸѡÿһ˵Ʒ
ֱ˿̣棬ֻ
˵˰˰죬ֻʣô㶫ʱҲòʳԴǣʵЩȥˡϡϡļƷ¶֮ɫ̲סСֹһ䡣
˵һΣţüһȵ
ԣ̱죬ʹͷҿ
Сӳ˳Ӳˣ˶˵ˣҸ㣬ȱģֻҪƷҪƷ
㶮ƨüһ⣬һЩܹģǰξǺӣĳĶ֮һδζ˵ʲôð
һҪ԰ѹأĶֱ˷Ѿ
ţ֣ݺݵĴһưһɸֵӡ
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ţϿٵĽ󼸸˵Ķ֮󣬱Ŷ
ӣȻһƯҽǱôˣҪˣڻŲôʱ䣬Ȼÿ춼ʳ͹ȥǣһ˶ж첻ţǻ
ţһ̰֮˹ڶԷĶ˵
ǰ˰ɣҲ֪ÿ͹ȥʳƯҽ׳ûУӦǳˣϾˣ˵˰˼ΪǴõ˰㲻˵ҶðÿȥСѾͷƯҽĵģЩҶ֪ˣ֮󣬵˵ͷ
£ȻָǰһӰ˵
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Ưҽôˣѵǳʲô⣿
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ѾˣҪĻһһ󡣡
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󣬴ӻͳһεľֽС
װһʵô죬ֻôһҪĻסǧҪЩ̻ᣬҵĻǳһЩҪ鷳ЩڱУܻһЩһЩС̻ᣬǲɡ
Ľڣϸ֮󣬲Ž֮ţϵС
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԰գţϵĸ첲ֱԶȥǶǾˣȻСѾͷ˼Ϊռ䣬Ľɵദ
Ư磬ү͸˵ʵϵ˶ڵ㣬绢ӡСҵܵܣǼղţһƻˡ
ЩŤŤվţƻһ㣬΢͡
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ǣԴ˵岻󣬲֪ټǮܻʳ
֪ǶҶܺãһ֪ˡ
ĽǳǳһЦǰЩɬŮڡ
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ҾҪˣһø׺úģĸ֣һĶУϲļ۸ԣͲҪˡ
㻹ǹһԼɣô죬һۻˣһȥȣҰ
£תȥȴĽһץסС֡
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ôˣôֻöԷԽԽ
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ȻҪϢĻҾͲˣͻȻֻҪ
ƯɣɫˣϢҡˡ
£ŻŵתˣٶȺܿ죬Ľһ˿Ρ



190 ˭
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ȴʡȥܶ鷳Ů֮顭
Ľ̾˿ԶıӰһЦ
ת߽֮Уš
ڴϣĽɿڵһƬǽ徰ɫɵĿЦһ¡
µʱ䣬һһٶŻĶͬĶ
ǣһֱûдﵽԼ̶ȣ֪ΪʲôԲͣĻȥֱ֮Ҫľ
һŻĽڻҪĸоɵһ̣ĸоԼʵһ˿
һõĸоһ̶ԼѾѳԴһƬռ֮С
ϣҵһùޣ
ĽջĿ⣬ںĹֻһƷ
뷷ôˣȻԭкܶ࣬ΪҪһ㡣
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ܿҵ˼
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ˣҲû͵ϰߣʱֱɣܻʳ
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Գվһ֮ϣ¶һҫӡ
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ĽɿԶȥһ̣Ȼ˲ƽ
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֪һҵľǶǴ

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¶ԥ֮ɫڰеС֣֪ò¡
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ʱĽڳɱ֮࣬ʵﵽ컯֮ɱʹѾôˣֻ΢ʹƤ΢Щ࣬Щκα仯˵仯ɱʱ沿
´Ƿ֣ΪʱǲԼģĻĽɲԼҲ֪һܲòΪԣŻһֱվԥ
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ĽɿǰŮһЦ
ԼӦøɫһɾˣȥֻŮԽԽ
Ľ֪ԷһעˣΪ֮ˣԸһеĺù
ûûʲôҾǹ㣬ЩˣԲ𡣡
ͬһ˴µĺӣͷҪõĽɵԭ¡
飬ɵüչ
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ѣ֮䲻Ҫ˵Բ𡣡
Ľɳ֮Цڡ
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Ľɵİ̾һǰŮĳ飬֮Ũ
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ʵûʲôҪ飬ҪΪ˶飬ţϼġ
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ִȡôֻһսˡ
ĽɱݺᣬɨΧ˲֮ӡ
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˴Ǿ֮أҸ뿪ɣԼֻӴѡ
ĽɫһԼӴѵһ졣
ҽ죬Ѫɺӣ仯ΪһƬ档
ʦʬ壬ֱԼɱ
һͱĽɹžľٷһ˿
ħ޺ΪһħħԴ֮ҿԶˡ
ĽЩڽ˵֪ԼΪʲô뷨
ΪԷһ죬ʳȡ
վżӵķݣתȥ֮ʱȻһĶ
ţϵĴ֮УĽʶоһ
ûóȻȥȡǾĬվԭأ˼
ţԼķ֮УһɫӣܸоĶ
Ϊһ峤ô飬ϣԷǮΪ˴ҡ
ˣǵ飬޹أǲҪˡ
Ľûȥȡ
ΪһЩǮƣʲôĶ
תո߳ţȻͣ
ΪʶѾ׽ţϵӰڼҴҵĳ߸



191 һŴǧĹͼ
ţ˻
ͷ󺹵ţϣĽ֮󣬼æ
ѽƯҽΪﲻ˵
ڴͷ鿴ׯڳʲôë˵ڵңϸϻˡ
ʲô鲻úֱˣǶᶦ֧ġ
ǲǵ˺ܳʱˣǸѾͷҲǵģҲǰһ
߾ˣдһ㰡ѾͷԽԽˡ
ţ֮󣬿л糤֮ˮϲ
ŶԷĭɣĽɲ϶ԷֻƽվԭأЦš
㿴ͷӣֻԼ˵ˣЩʧˡ
Բס˰ʹˣӲʹˣƯҽ˵˵ɡ
ţϿĽɿЦӣȻ̧һԼԴЦ
ʵҲûʲôµģǹϣղ˵ׯڳ⣬Һһȥɣ˵ܰһЩæôˣûΪ˴ӸʲôôһֱңҲܲ˼ĽǳǳһЦ̬ЩΡ
Ļţһҡͷ̾
ĽɼˣпЦһ֪ǰҪԼˡ
֪˵ЩҪæˣǻͷӰҽͷķǿҲˣɻоˡ
㵱ҪæĻһһҪͷ㡣
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һʼţϵ޿κΣʲôæ߽С
ĽҲĸ˽ȥţ̹ţ¶һӡ
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ţһصĵȼ֮󣬳һȥ
Ľɷ֣Է˴֮ǰȻ˫ַڴߣһƣ̧
֨һ
ľˣţ϶ĽɺȻһЦѴֱֱĿǽϣ¶Ļɫء
֮صĺأΪǺˣҲŸġ
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ǰϱϼҵ洫һֱģǷǧʷÿһĴ峤ϱϼҵˣ£Ҿ͸еޱȹٰ
ţ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵ԼҵĹʷ
Ľɳ˼ܺԷᵽĴ֮ʲô
ڷƾʷǲö֪ˣûǧ֮ãĽûȥ롣
ˣ㿴һ°ɣ˵һǵ̫үүүүû˿ˣѾʧ֮ãϣܰҼᶨһ´ﵽǸʲô⣬ֵֵǮҸо˻һЩʳȽʵãʲôģȫûá
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ڴĶʱҵıһΪһŲرͼҵĸ׸ңǡ
һˣ˳۹ǣǶ˵һƭӣȥ֮Ҿûˡ
Ưҽʶ㣬ȥĵطҲ࣬㿴һͼϵϢǲǼʲôء
ţָŵͼ¶΢ŭ֮ɫڴĿĽɡ
ĽɸеȻԷõһЩذ
ðɣҰ㿴
Ľ΢΢ͷЩķݣţڴЦڡ
һŵͼѣظأŴ򿪰ɡ
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Ϊ峤ЩûбҪġ
ǣǣƯҽ˵еʵҲܹң㲻֪Щ񶼳һŴֻͣһС£ҲᱻĺأԼҺҵˣˣǾͻҥ£ӵ飬㲻֪Ļкܶ࣬Ժ㡣
ţҡͷЦ򿪷ţȻһȺվǰһɻĿ
СϣΪʲôҪҽҪʲô
˵ǵĻҶˣҪʲôۡ
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ţɫȻһ䣬δȿ˵
ȺУһѮվ˳ָţϵıһ
˵尡ָʲôָҿǴ峤ҾǻҽҲԲģ˵ˣҽҪҼһʲôûҪ֪֮ܣǲҪ˼ҵ˽˽㶮ϵͷӣ֪Ϲ塣
ţŭǣָǰҲһٴƽϱҪǰĴһʱ֮޷
ǣܲеӰ֪֣ׯǱ߲ôӲôǻŸʲôȥɻ
ţϿǰĴ񣬵ͺһ㡣
һ˲䣬ǰһɢվںĽɣɵһЦ
Ϊ֪ˣŻţϳȥǴߵġ
ǰЩƾɵֽȥϺܲһ㣬ɢһƾµϢ
һ㣬Ľлһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
Ĵ˺ܾãֽĲϺ⣬ϸ塣
֮ãŵͼǷƷ
ĽૣľеֽУϸ۲



192 ̽
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ǺǣƯҽЦˣǾԣ˵֪ԽԽá
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ҳȥȺһûкúøɻŰɣʲô£һ˵
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ĽɲûֹԷľٶǿеĹϵͼϸоš
ͼ֮ƽ档
һ̣һ˶ĵͼ֮С
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Ľɿ֮˫üȻһ
ʲôط̫ʤݵģĶûһʶģЩʲô
ĽɿŵͼüĿһڿ˼һ㣬þû˵
ѵǺҹģĻһŶԽͨˣΪʲô˼һ˵ǽƭӣΪʲôʼûоаأضǱŵͼˡ
Ľ̾һһ㣬ǰĵͼ˲ûȤ
ԭΪһرͼȻһϵƭĸо
һҪθţϢͼǼٵģߵģô˵ʵڿͼİأҪ˵ˣֻ˵Լʶǳ޷Էˡ
Ľε̾ϢһѾ뵽ɵϵͼĵȴţϻ
Ľ׼ʱȻֵͼϽǵĵطЩ졣
ϸĹ۲һᣬɫȻ䡣
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ͫһ뵽ʲôһ㣬ŵͼϽǵͼкȻ֮ɫŨ
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Ľɷͼķ棬һֵ̫ͼʲôɵĵط
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Ľ֪ʤݵԼûȥĵط̫࣬ΨһһΣ֮УμɭûвμҲͲ֪ɭɽò̸ڵĴԼݹϵͼˡ
ֻȥţѯһˣǲǲرͼֻ˵Լ뷨ŵͼʵ򵥰
Ľɵૣ̵ʶŵͼĲйرصϢûаͷȻͼܹôʱ䣬жȻŲΪ֪ܡ
ŵͼȥţϣȴǷֶԷѾ첽߸ϻˡ
ãһϵӰĽ֮С
ţͷ󺹣˻
ѽˣȺ˸ȥʰׯˡ
ǸͷһˣҺҶŸɣǷˡ
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Լ˲ˮһһཹེ
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ԣҿǰϣȫˡ
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еĻܹһ˿
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ףһƪھʱô˵ˡ
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Ҿͼǵôˣ֪Щûа
ţȿڴߣǲϵϣ˼֮ɫ
˵ĺģȴĽһ
Ϊ÷ӡЩʦ漰ĶѲţϵһλʦ
ĽĬĬţһ˼飬ٴ˼
ţ峤ţңûʦ
Ľ֮ʵ
ʦǿһĴڣǿġ
ǣǷǧʷҵȷһλ߸ϵʦ
ǸüʦʱôãûлģҾͲ֪ˡ
ţ˼һᣬĽΪԺ˵
ҹȻûв´ŵͼİҪ⿪ˡ
ǲ֪Ӻ֣Ҫûȥоһʱ䡣
Ľе˵ͷţһЦָϵĵͼ˵
뽫ͼûȥо죬֪峤ܷ
֮һһ𸴣ûбأ޷ȷ



193 Ԥ֪֮
ãҪʲôʲôҪôֻһſĹͼˡ
ûȥɣҪʲôϢһҲżģ㲻Ҫ̫ۡ
Ͼոմ˻ҪͷҼ˵ʵǺܲ˼
ţԣûаɣָŵͼں˵
ţϿ󷽵ӣĽɷЩΡ
ǸȻһЦСϵĹͼ
ȻûʲôˣҾȻȥˣϢһ֪ͨġ
Ҳﲻʲôæھסһʱ뿪ʱ
Ľɳţϵ˵ͷһƽȴߺò졣
ʲôҪߣҪ
Ҫˣ˭ǿѲɻҪܵѹ
ʲôҪֻҪ˵ĳڣǶᾡľȥġ
ţˣʱһ̲ס
϶ˣҲ˼
ûвɢϯҲһ
Ϊҵ룬һ֪ģҲ壬ˡ
ĽĻҡҡͷֿϿңûаα
ţԣʶԼĴ̾˿Ľɵļ
ף˶룬ʱΪһʦۣ޷ǸʲôţͳӣҵĸҹôӣԣҲûлȥ磬Ҵź֪Щǿģ˸Ҫ֪ĵҪи׼ˣ
˵ص̾Ϣһƺʧһ㣬תȥ
һ̵ţϣˣأһӲࡣ
Щע飬ҲΪҵ£ֻǴ޾ѣһõطһԶסģÿһҶ
ڳıɱ¾УһжǱģûа취ΪѾѡһ֮·
һѡĻᣬһһͨ˵ȢӣҸһ
Ľ̾˿ŲɣıӰû˵ڡ
ʼջ޷ѡ񣬸޷ӱܡ
Ľ뿪峤ֱ֮ӻصԼ֮С
ϵͼƽϣ˶ӵĵͼ˼ء
ţûиԼ׼ȷĿھǴ̬Էûа˵ѵļӦˣϾѾȥô꣬⿪аأҪԼˡĽɿ֮ϵĵͼ
ַĸţһϸỬĸо˫רעĸŹͼϵı仯
ģ˿˿ӿ
һɻɫâ֮ɢϢȥŹϵͼ
Ľ˫üȻһ˿̵ʲô鷳һ㡣
ſ˫Ϲͼɻ֮ɫ
֣̽ŵͼûа㷴Ӧ
ţᵽʲô˼ѵɡ
Ľɵૣɢɻҹĵͼ֮ɫŨ
˼֮ʣȻֵͼ֮ϵһ˿΢ı仯
ǰһģӰ˹ͼ֮ϡ
Ӱĳ֣Ȼ˫һգգĶӰ
Ȼ²һŹͼǹŹ֣
ģӰ񣬽оЩϤϢȻ
һ˲䣬ֱӽͼתĿźĹ̫ͼ
û뵽̫ͼĴ֮ǰԵˡ
ԼһôƽͼܣӦǡ
Ľ¶ϲ֮ɫǰĵͼȻתģӰһӡ
Ȼʱϯӵ컯ΪĽɣ֮䣬ܻ޾ڵս֮ͬк֡
Źͼ֮ϣɫâڵͼ治תڹͼ֮һֹ̫Ӱ۶̫γɵһ˲䣬ĽɵɫȻһ䣬ĸо˵ͼϴ΢
Ϊűʣ޼ˡ
ǣһ˿΢ĽɸоһǿҵĻϢ
ǿ˶Ȼһλ
Ľɷһ̾ͼ˼ɵ֮ɫ΢΢˺˼ͼһ롣
ͼϵĻ濪ʼƶһ㡣
һ粻ͣԽԽŵͼ˲һƬҡ
ĽɿǰһУ¶ϲɫ֪ԼӦˡ
ͼ֮Խң̫ͼȻתͼҲŶ˰֮С
һ貴ĿĹâ˲䱬״Ľɫٴδ䣬ֶʱһӣһ޴ĺɫ˲֮С
Ǵ񿴼âɾˡ
´½֪һˣ彫ܵΣ
âһ̣ͼڰпתһ߲˲˿С
ʣĽɲ˿⣬Ÿֳ֣ͫ͵һ
ǡ
Ŵӹͼ֮иֳ߲֣˰գ˸߲ʹâĽɵɫ˲ѿȥ
Ԥ֪֮˲
˸ɢѹĽЩ޷ӡ
ɫѿͬʱи˾캧ˡ
֪˼֪Ԥ֪֮ʲô
Ϲʱڵʮ֮һЩ֪ġ
ڵͬʱֲֿ֮оԤ֪֮
Щģֻʱû̫ȥ⣬ΪǸʱΪԼûнӴЩĻְ߲ǰȴңɼĸо
߲ڿдϢ򣬱ɢˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͼĹâҲİ޼ĻȴǻȻһ¡
һĻĽУɵһ㶣Ȼ
һӣɫ֣ǰϵĹͼ˼ɵ
Ԥ֪֮ȻԤ֪̫֮˼ˡ
ĽɵŲԶĹͼɫԽѿ
ҡҡͷڴϣǷһ˿Ц
Ԥ֪֮һּΪֲ
ǣǰҪӵԤ֪֮ģӵԤ֪֮ģܾ߱Ԥ֪δ
֮Ϊɵ
˵֮ǰǺþ
Ԥ֪˷ǿߵ׷ɱһȷѪ֮ʧˡ
û뵽Ȼڷ֮УõԤ֪֮ϢţϵΪ˵õͼȻ˲˼ȴ֪ͼаֻһĴȥ
֪˶ٴȻûʦˣһʧ㣬ţϵĿоھˡ
ҪĽɺ֮µõͼǴｫ᳤ˡ
ǣõͼûаϲãеһΣͷ
Ԥ֪֮Լӵ˵һ
ǣñ֪ĻȴҵĽǣɱ١
Щɽ֮УòϹﶼʱȻ֮Ҿ·
ĽԽŨ֮ΪɵĿԶͼûаȥ˼
ڵѾΪ˲ĵˣҪɱҵ֮
Ԥ֪֮ȻǸûĻҸ޷֮⡣
ˣƴˣҲҪŬһΣҲŸġ
Ľ͸һĨ֮âȻվߵ˹ͼǰ档
˶ͼѾȫӣһӴĶʤݵγǰȻкܶطĽɼеĴͬǣ󲿷ֻһģ˵ɭɽ
ڵɭɽѾĳ˵ͼ棬ǸһСǹǣҹڵ֮
û뵽ǧ֮ǰҹڣֻһСš
ĽɰૣѰеİ˲ġ
𣿡
üɻָŵͼһɫǹǣǶʤݵλá
ݵϱںܽĴԤ֪֮𣬿ԼӦȥһˣܼˡ
Ľ̾һ󽫹ϵͼϵÿһλãϸ֮󣬽
ҪҪ黹ţأ˶Էһ¶ȥ롣
Ҵ˵ûаôҵϣҴ߰ɡ
һ֮Ľֱӽͼ봢ڣ߳ᡣ
ҪţһͣһҪöԷŷԼܴ߹ͼ
ȻҪ˵һ¹뿪ӵԭΪԳͻˣĻһóȥһĽŲɣǣҲ֮һ
ǻ֮գҴǱ֮ʱ
Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬Ǹȥʱˡ
Ľ߳ӣգԶ泯ĴһĨǳЦ
ţϼȥʱһٻӰԼʵ֮С
ĽɿŮӵĵΣӭȥ



194 ߣ
Ư磬Ҫ뿪𣿡
촽Ľ¶֮ɫ
ΪŵԵʣ˫ֽץ½ǡ
оɢ֮һ뿪뿪֮ǰһһЩҩ
һЩԾμҩŹʱ䣬ӾͻµĴ
Ǹʱĺܺá
ĽɵһЦǰŮֻʵʵ˵ˡ
Ϊ뿪ǱȻˣ˭Ҳ޷ı顣
㡭㻹𣿡
΢ͣƺȥЩ¡
һĻĽɲɵü˲ָûöԷ
ɣʱĻһٻҵġ
ĽЦڣ磬ŲԶȥ
鿴ŽԶȥıӰ֣ЩҪ˵Ǵ˿ȴǿ˿ڣһ㣬
ҪˣΪʲôӣһûжס
Ϊʲôڻ޴Ҫˣٲ˵һӡ
УһһʵӵĿĽɵıӰ
󣬽̧ķ¶һĨԳЦ⡣
һξӨ͸۽£ϣĺۡ
ѾģӰԼȻתķȥ
һһҡ
ĽŲ΢Ľ֮⣬ûκ˵ע⡣
ҵѡ˫˵кôϾԼҪΪӵĺƽ롣
Ϊҵԭ򣬸ѡ
ҲΪŮ֮飬ħڡ
ĽɵţæµӰԥ˹ȥ

չĽɽѱ֮࣬˴򿪷š
ڴڣܶ˶ѾˣڴĳŴȥڻӭʲô
ʵĽ֪Գǻӡ
˿̴ڣţϺеĺ裬ΧվһȺ񣬾Լޱȡ
Ľɫƽ˹ȥĵʱһȻ
쿴Ưҽˣοһоӡ
ǰûţ峤ѾЦʱ𣡡
ˣǰһɣ°Ưҽһ£λӸ㡣
һһĻĽˣûа㲻ͣһһش
ţϵָ֮£ٵİһӣĽţϵԱߡ
Ư񰡣ϴκ˵飬ʵڲ֪ôʹǿڣǺú̸̸ɣΪ飬⼸춼û˯þĽ֮ţĶ˵
ԷСĽɱߵĻȴú󷽵ǴΪ
СϰСҽֹʲôأʲô鲻ܴ˵ĹģǲҽʲôˣҸ㣬ٶԽ
δĽɿڣһѮߴĽ֪Է˭Ǿţ鷳塣
ĽɳźºһЦվʾ⽫ǰøԷ
ǣոͱţһס˸첲ŴҺ
Ƕ°ɣԺһһ顣
һţû巢ִȻڡ
ԣȫȥæµˣɼţϵĻﻹǺš
ã½½ӻˡ
ţ̾˿һڴĴǣȻĺ
ǣ˵һӣҲһӡ
Ҷ֪ǿǻӣҿ󵽣ִʳضľѾߵˣǣⲻص㡣
صǻһǾ飬Ϣʱû˯þ
ţ˵ĿĽһۣɫƽͷ֪Щʲô
ΰƯҽҪ뿪Ƿˣ
ո£ʱһĽţϵ֮С
һƬ˲ĻҲ
ôܣƯҽҪ߰
СϰЦðٶˡ
ҽҪ뿪ӣô찡ѲɻҪܻвô
Ưҽǲʲô֮˵ǴҶġ
ǰֻҪߣʲôҪǶᾡ㡣
಻һ𣬻صƬռ䡣
Ľɷûһ㣬Ĭһ
ʱ˻ȻҪ嵽ǰϸѯһȴţֹˡ
ʲôӣȰһᣬҰѻ˵꣡
ţЩߵָųд񣬲ɵĵͺ
Χԣǲı˿ڣǣһЩֹЩٶţϵɫ˲ѿȥ
ҿǵ飬ϢǧȷƯҽҪ뿪Ƿˡ
ҽ˵öԣûвɢϯ˸־ǿҪʵ
ƯʤأԣŻƫƧСɽ塣
ţϵЩɫ΢죬ԽԽ
ĽɿŶԷͷᳯߺһһ˿ע֮ţϵ˲ƽ
ţΪмĿһۣĽ΢ЦͷʾԷ˵ȥ
˿̣ţû֮ǰı˿̾һ˵
֪ǲᣬʵҲ᲻ߣǣЩ޷ǿġ
˵޵ģһӣĸλһʱû𣿡
У˭Уڣԣǲ̫˽
ţ̾Ϣһ֮󣬿ǰĬˣ֪ԼĻá
ѡǱأضǺͻʲôֻһ˽СˣԸƯ뿪ҲԶͻ˸һһСˣƯҽľȥûа
ţϴ˳ǵһ˱
ҲûҲСˡ
Ҳǣ˵ѡͷӾ˼ҵɣ
ͬ⣬ǸղЩˣƯҽ¡

˷׷׺˳
ţϿǵı֣ĵ˵ͷ
ͬĽɵһĨ΢Ц
ˣҾһƯҽ˵ɡ
ţϳŴǻ˻֣ʾྲȻһתһ΢ЦĿĽɣļһ¡
Ľˣվǰˣڡ
ʵҲǺ뿪ô˵ҶΪЩαûϵģԼıɡ
ȥܶطΨзҾûıûзֻкҶҺܺãЩҶ֪
Ժлᣬһصһֱȥ
˵꣬Ľû£͵Ŀˡ
Ưҽ̫ˣҪĵǻҪܵвѹե
ǣǣôʲôα˵Уһˡ
ˣǻۣǲǿҪסԶļң˾ͻ
ǵ⣬Ľɺòжۿȴûᡣ
ѾϵһЩҩӦÿάһʱ䣬ŲúǾͻҵµĴˣԺ󣬴עⱣԼ壬Ҫ̫ۡĽɿˣ˵
ûȺп飬Ѿ֪ԼҪߵϢˣϾѾǰ߸ţϣ֮ͻ뿪ʱ塣
ټˣûĻˣ鱣ء
Ľૣһת˴еһ֮ϡ
Ǹ֮УһŮϣỬգؿڣʪ
ԻվһŮĿЩӵ˵
ҪˣĲȥͱһ𣿡
Щʱ粻ʹͻһЩƯʱҾ֪ǲʲôһֱڴӵģѾˣͬһˣŬҲ޷ʲô
¶һĨЦžеԼ־˲Լ۽Ǻա
ǣôܹİƯҽ粻أκͬʱȴ͵ģʲôûһǺöǻ쵰
С֮£ſڴ֮¶ϧ֮ɫ
飬Ҫ˵ˣӦÿҪˣ»ҪȥӭӣϾүǶСҪǲȥһᱻүѵ⡣
ǳǳһЦЦݸ԰׵棬Լ
ˣǵǸƨҽ֮˵ɣڳȥԷʹϼʹģ飬ҿǿȥ
˲̣˫ֽ鱧ڻ˵
΢΢ͷ˵ЩʲôʱȻһ󺰡



195 
ǰ̳
ԶԶȥɳһ㣬溧ˡ
һģӰĸ˵Уʮ֮ࡣ
ǰģӰȻϵĳŴһ֡
Ŀȥѿ꺺ӵӰ
֣ʲôôô
ѲСӣ˴ҽĹɣ
ţϻȻվӣһ㶵Ŀż۶ɻ𾪣ŨŨĲš
һԵĽҲ˫üһǰľҲ˲⡣
ƾڵƷܻôѵΪһ
뵽֮Ľһ˿˵ֲӺζǣΣֵĸоһ־ףԼòһЩ
һǵ˴֮
쳾Ϯǻæ˼

ϱϰεջ㻹ɣ
ոͣȣԳЦ˲䴫˳
ôǾһ񣬷׷ǰȥǾϲӭȥ
λףãԣǣЩʳ㹻ǳ֮ˡ
ĺҲϲɫ˹
ղػطԳˣȻǴ⡣
˴ոɢżֻϢֺ˹
ԳͦվţϵǰĿߡ
ţϿӣֱӻָ˶Էһư䲻ĹԳ۵ľһǳԾĿߡ
ϱͷʲô
ԳԴţϴֿĺ
ҴӦãôôʳմƷĻܹʳˣһӸʮ֮࣬ѵĲɣģôʳӣǽǵʲô顣
ţüͷŭĿǰˣһƣԴ档
ѽҵ׾˰ܲܲҪ֣֪εʳһЩ
ǣԭģҵõһ׼ȷϢռҵڲȼˡ
ǵ˱鲼ʤݣѰһˣ룬Ǹ˵֡ˣǽĽɣ
ʹ֮£Լĺףǰߣ̬޹
ĽԣͫȻһһϸڣûǰ˵ע⡣
ٸҷϻʲôĽɣҲʶҲʶ
͸ʵôʳġ
ţһƳ˹ȥȴԷֱӶˡ
ҲʶǸĽɣʲô֪εʳƯҽ
ĻȽӻҪذԷֱӸǶʮʳǣǲɵӣȻ֪ˣԶʮ峵ɽ
ĶҲԷһˣһΣܹջ˶ʮ˳ʳ㹻Ƕȹˣҽ̫лˡ
˵龭֮ǼĽɵ֣һмĿ
ĽһЦû˵ڵڳ˼һ顣
ռҵΪʲôҪԼ
ѵĹϵҲ֪Լڣӵй޺ı̶֮ģʲôԭ򣬼ȻռҲˣ֤ʤݵҡ
ĽͷͨһĨ亹Ķͷ֮䣬ѾоΣҪ١
ǰѻ˭
ĽɿŶԷƽʵ
һС̻ᣬǸ̻Ǯӣڼϳ֣ǵһμ̻ϰ嵹ǼΪˬ죬֮һϲԥĴӦǵˬ˰
ΪԼзǳɹɵĹЦ
ǰǵЩãʳ󳬺ǵϰڻоЩ˼飬Էһֵ⣬˭ģƺҽһ棬Ҿ͸Ƿˡ
Գæһ䣬¶Цݡ
Ľˣɫ˲ȥ׿żĴӣ˵ġ
Լʱˡ
пЦ̾ϢԳ˻ˡ
ڴ˿̣Զƿ
ǵǰһŴŽ»ˣٵĳ߳
ˣ߿˽̤ޣȻĸǣټһ㣬֮ⲻԶ
Ϣ󣬽µˣѾ˷Ĵڡ
һɫĮһŨŨɱϯʱѹϢ֮С
Ľкâһչû֮ʱ仯Ϊһɫ£źɫߵӡ
һԵţϵˣֻȥ󣬸ûע
ҵ񰡣ʦһ
̫ˣⱲӶûмҲֵˡ
ԳûܵѹӰ죬һŰеˣʧе
찡ʦʲôӣȻʦǷ壡
ǰҪ۾úÿ˽գֻ¾ûлˣ
ԣӴˣǺ߲ư

ӴǵĿд
Ƿ壡
УһҪ˺Ʋһ㣬Ȼ
ǻһ֮ڵأһĿſˡ
УΨûй£ĽɡţϡԼԳ
˴˿ɫ԰ף۽ѪᣬЩڵϵĴˡ
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Ľɻּ䣬һ˿ڣţȷӦæĹȥ
λʦˣԲСĵʧˣҰû棬ʦҪ
ȷǷ壬СĴ峤ҽţϡ
ţϱϹϾ˵˵ߵ
ĽĮĿſˣǹ˼ɴӣͳɱȥˡ
ʵɶΪʦȻԷչʶͨҰеֵţϵ˶˵أЩ˹ȻһȺĺ֮
ĽһƬȻΧİˣ˫ɱ֡
ɱ⣬Ѿ˺ܾúܾá
ǣһ̣üĴѪɫӡȴֶ
һȻڲвԣҪԷ֮ƣһˡ
㣬ǵõһǲĽɴ
УٴδȻû֮ǰѹȴԾ
С˲֪Ľ˭ȷǷ壬ǣĲʶĽɰ
ţϲ˼Ļص̬Ͽңûаα
˵ʱ߿קһԳˣĽһѣĿһۡ
˵˵ƭɣ
аٻǷ彫ữΪһƬ档
ŭΪˣص֮䡣
ţ·ʦȻǰһͬʱſڷһȡ
Ǿ֮£ȫ˵ϣѡ
ΨĽɫƽվԭأûй¡
ء
ݹ
Щˣûʸ¹
·Ȼһֻ˿վɼΰ
ǽǰĿģϹͽĴˣ
Ȼһ䣬һˬʵЦ
ͽҲҪ׼ʱ䣬ʲôʱëôء
׽ĽɵĴʱ·ϣǣǷǴӺεõģ
˵һŮӣĽԣɱݺᣬ׼֡
ţһ˵Լʱݶᱩ¶ԼȷˣǺѰȻߡ
ʦˣǡ
ſˣ̬˵
ǣ˵һ룬ȴһԵţϺݺݵĴϣ̶˳
⻭Ǽģ
һĿԼĴˣ֪ԷΪҪ˵ѡ
ǣûмǶԷȻĿ⡣
˲ʲôվŵĽɣһ˲䶮ࡣ
Χе˷ˣЩ׵ģҲǲҿ
ĽţϵĻشһů⣬֪ԷѾ֪ԼݣˣҪԼ
ǺЦʱǾȻ˵ѡ
֪˭ģҲ֪Էݡ
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199 Ȥ
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Է̱죬ֹͣ



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209 Ѹɱ
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211 ɱ
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ȻˣҪ뿪ʤݣڹʱϱھͻῪˡ
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е˶ʱĳĽɣʦһ̳ǣĽɵȴǳ̰
Ľ̾Ϣһ޷ıЩδĻ֮УｫѪɺӡ
һжҵģֲĽĳ
Ľεҡҡͷ̧֡
һ˲䣬һɫâӿɻɫâɵ
˱Դ֮ԼĹȻ˻֮
Ҫ׸ϳԼڣһʹԪ{Ҳóѡ
Ҳɹģɱ֮Ҳ׹˵յ㡣
뵽Ľûаԥ͵һӣһ
䡭
غȻѿγһ޴ǰ¶Ȼ̶ͣ˽Ų
Щ˴ûмֲֿĻ֮˸е
ǺµǣѪǵǰĲ֫ضǡ
·Ѿһ޼ɭȻֲ
վһɽۣ֮ԶѪȾأ̾˿
ǿĽ֮Ĳ𡣡
վ󣬿Ѫɫʣü
ĬĬĿԶ˭Ҳû˵紵
Ѫȵĳ棬ˣ޴ɫ籩ϯ֮󣬱ҫĿâ
һҵıըƬغ
䣡
޴ը̳һӰ֡
һжǲңҲɱǡ
Ľһ仰֮󣬾ĳǰˡ
ģɫһ䣬ǰ˫ͫ͵һ
ôܣô
һ£Ľһ׼һ֮ӰȻʧԭء
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޺ӰϱڵΧǺԶ
Ψһˣδ᲻Щ棬֮ĽɲаʧһԤУδǿԸıģǣһֹֿ뵽һֶ
ع
鶼й򣬸Դʱ򣬽ٵĹǱԴ׽١
ɭɽѷ֮УҲй֮Ĵڡ
ֹħѣħĽ뵽ǿص뺡
ϵĺڰӡǣڽԤ֪֮͹ʧˣû°ۼĽɻ˺ܾãǣûжԤ֪֮ȥ̽ԭ
ĽɷǰУĿֻһǽϱڵλá
ֻе̵ʱϱ֮Уؼǣֱ֪ϱڵ
߳ǰϱڵĵشˣرء
û֪Ϊʲôһؾ֮ãеĶʤʦƺΪ֮
ܿ죬ĽɾͿǰһ޴ʯ
޴ʯһ㣬ĸ֣ǰԾ˫
ϱڣ
ʯĺ󷽣һȾ޴ʯţǰʯ
ʯ֮ŨŨɢĽɼˣɵü
ǿϢ
Ľˣһ˵Ļ
ʯ֮ǰȻеĽɵǿʵɡ
컯Բ
Ҳͨİ벽䣬Ľɿʯмɵ֮Ũ
ûаջܶԷ
һ֣Ľɵʤʲ߹㡣
ǿǰǣû˿֮⣬֪֮Ե޹ʵĹԼ
ߵ޴ʯǰͣ½Ų
ֹ
ϣ쳹ء
һȻѿһǿ׳ͣɫ׵Ĵ󺺣Ľɵǰ
Ҫȥ
ĽƽĿŶԷûа֮⡣



212 ħ
Ҫۿϱڿ˵Χɣﲻĵط
ʮϢʱ䣬ȥĻݹֱǿкߡ
״£Ľ͵̤һ̱һȻơ
Ľԣɫ˲ûоɫ
²ҪᣬҲҪҪǰݡ
仰£Ľ̤ͬһһԷͬƺɨ˷
״ɫȻһ䣬ĿĽһۣһ˿ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬״󺺵ԣһͨһ
һƣɫս׵Ĵ󺺣̤˳
Ҫȥݣ
ڼ״󺺿Ľɣһ֮
Ȼһת״󺺵˵ͷ˺˼ɫƽĿĽɡ
ǵģ
Ľɵ˵ͷĮĿŶˣҪʤã
ԹȥˣҪϸǡ
ϱڿֻʮϢʱ䣬ңʮϢ֮ٴοҪȵǧ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵ȥ֮пԶزˣȥ˼С
ڼ״Ѽ֮󣬱Ǳ˫ᡣ
л
ĽɳŶ˹ֳлһΣ̤ʯ֮С
ʦ֣Ϊʲôֹϱڿ֮ʱǧŻٴοÿݵʿǵжԹϵȻǧʱ仺˲٣ǣǶʤݵˣݲܻӭȥﶨᱻɱ
״󺺿һԵʦ֣̬˲⡣
˸־ǿҿóᶨûаء
ڼ״󺺿ʦܣ̾Ϣ˵
󣬶ĿһʧʯеӰо˻䡣
ǳ˼ʱͻȻ䣬Զһɫħ˼ɫʱȥ
ãԷʵǿȻ֮
ڶʤһպǲ֪˭
״󺺷һȻǰһ췢һ

ǿϯ޲ƵΧȫѡ
ʯɣ֮ǿ
СҲڱǰ治
ǣҪȥĵط˭˭Ҫ
һ֮д˳һɫӰǵǰ
ߺˣֵܶ˷֮ڴػ֪꣬ǰΪ£״󺺻æʵɫӰĿ⣬ŨŨļɵΪԷһϢ
ħ޺󣡡
ɫӰȻڣЦ¶ò
һɫӣƮĺڷ˿ʮ㡣
ħ޺󣡡
ֵܶ޺ĴǸոճΪʦʱ򣬾Ѿ׹ֶζ覴ñر뵽Щ֮о󺮷ಣ˲ްս⡣
Ͼʵ̫⣬ƴһҲǺ塣
ղǲ˽ȥˣҪҵˣȹ
޺Ե̤·ˣкŨ
ʱ˿̣֪ղŵҪǰݵԭˣһ֮׷ɱ˭ѡ뿪ʤĻֻ·һ
ոսȥˣϱڿʣһʱ
Ϊ˻ֻ̹档
ǵһ£޺һӰʧԭء
һ̣һ󱩷ƾնûаֵ֮Ȼɳȥϸ¶ŨŨĺȻ֮ɫ
һ󱩷磬ܽλ벽ɳȥû˿أʵֲ
޺ʯ֮˸ոסΣͻȻӰ̤ն
λǰʸղŽȥ֮ǲǹ޺󣿡
߲Ǳˣ;硣
ؿˣʵɫһ粻ΪܵĿֲ
ѵҪȥ𣬾ǽȥҲûá
ֵ˹޺󣬷ᶪ㶯õҲûа취
Էʵ̫ǿˣĽɶ޷⣬ȥҲﲻʲôæ
һԵľɫصĿųб仯ΪǸղſ˹޺Ӱ
ױȵƣе˵ʱһǲ֪޺ҵģǣΨһȷ޺ΪĽɶ
˼֮ͣ˽ŲûóȻ룬֪Լʵֻվʯ֮ⰲȴ
ʱʯ֮ڱһ񱩵ϢֽȻͬȻײһ
Ľɣɣƽ֮жֽţüĴֵӡǣħƵò֮ǰ鲼ȫĺƶһЩ۷ѡ
ܹ֮ҵ㣬ȫڵǼűʶ֮Ȼ΢ֻҪڶʤݣӲ֮ġ
޺ĽɣһжԼƿ֮УЦ
ĽɫЩѿΪüĴһǰδйӡǣһѪɫ棬ɲ˿̣֪Ϊʲô޺ô̵ʱҵԼˣһǸܵԼϢ³Լ뷨Ż᲻һе׷ɱƱҪֹԼݡ
ϻ˵ְɣ
ĽɿǰĹ޺˵
ƾ𣬼ֱЦɱ㲻Ѵ֮ϵħ֮У̺ҵһΪԤյıʡ
֪㲻һԸ˰ŪˣǱɵôûкأֻҪһͻȪ
ǣΪ˲ٻҵĶһ΢Ѫǰȥ
޺Ľɣ̬Ϸ֮⣬һжƿ֮С
Ľˣɫ˲ȥԷȻź֣ܶ벻˾Ȼ˺ֲð֮ǰͱ˳Ϊħȷʵ
ȵȣ࣡
Ľһвɵһ
ȻԼ֮һ
Ԥ֪֮
Ԥ֪֮һۣ
δעĽɵڣںһ
ӵԤ֪δȴֵ֪ܲܵס޺ħơ
ǿԵĻһս֮ù޺һ
ھϱڿֻʣ°ʱֻҪֹȥԼ
δ֮УˣԼû
δԸı䣬ô޺ûɱԼҲ˵Լ¡
Ǿ֤һ£Ԥ֪֮еδ棬ǿԸıġ
Ľкâ˸ں¹޺ˣΪ֪һ£Լ
ηηĺ¶ԷöԷʶһԼʵ
Ҫȫµ֪Ľ˿Ū



213 ħ
޺ûвĽɵɫ֮ϣħӿ֡
һɫиֶĽüĴѪӡ໥Ӧ
ĽɫƽŶԷľٶû˿֮ɫ
Ԥ֪֮һʧ
޺һֳĽ͵ȭ
һ̣Ľɶʱоһǿڱ
ǰһɹԼȥ֮ǿĽɫȻһ䡣
ĸоǹѾԽΪԤ֪֮ǿҲûκΰգֱײĻȻ֡
޺û֮ǰ˵Լƿһѷ죬ԼѪҺʧֱ˴ݻٵͷĽɶԹ޺Ļ˼ɡ
Ľɣɣ
޺󼤶֮£һĽɿһ㡣
ҪĽĳ㻹ûǸʸ񣡡
Ľ˪һͺ֮󣬲ڿ񱩵ȫҪ빬޺һƴ

޺һŭ֮ĽȻһһѪ˳
Ļɫâ˲˰˿̣ĽɵӿȥǱ
ǣһ˿ϲɫȴǳУڹ޺Ȼ
ܣⲻܣ
޺󾪺һĽɵǲš
˵ƾ㻹ɱң
ĽкŨһѵĻᣬҪʤ޺󣬵ȵľǶԷĵһ̡
˻֮
ĽһʱһҫĿҹ⣬̵޷ſ˫ۡ
һĻɫ޼ͼͷϿա
纣ѹ˲Ƭ
޺󣬴ӽްϸ𡣡
ҪĶǾóʵɱĽĳ˵ɣ
£ָ죬Ӵ޼ͼȻһȻը
һ޴ĹȦ̱ħ·ܵһ㣬˲ɢ
޺ˣϺȻ֮ɫŨԭء
ǣۼɫâҪٽԼԵʱһֺɫԲ̳Ӳĵֵס˻ɫâ
ɫԲٽҹһ̣ըչײ
γ籩ϯ˷·ƬƬѣȫԨֲ֮֮
һһңײϱ֮Уȫţ뺣һ㣬ް㷴ӦϢ
ɴԿϱڵķ֮ǿ˿¡
Ľɫ¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽ؼʱ̣޺Ȼܹʩչһͨ˻֮Կ˫£Ľɲ֪ľٶ˿˾°͡
޺ʵѾˣǴﵽڣ֮ΪΪѣÿһС֮Ĳ࣬ʮǧ
ĽȻֻ컯Ϊڵ˵컯֮޵֣ս֮ŲСѹ
컯սԿڣһʽֵͨڣ¼Ϊˡ
˲ѹס˻֮ͬʱ޺ٴδ
ĽɣƽҵʦΪĵط࣬벻֮оȻ˷֮òĿ࿴ˡ
ѾǰСͷˣڵ㣬ԳΪĶ֣ǣʵԾ޷ҿ⡣
ϵĹҵĶħԣһ·
޺ĻĽкòԾû뵽ԷȻҪõ˻ѹԼȥʱ򣬶ԷĸԸİԭ޺ƣĽɵȷСƴˡ
ԵĻҺ㣬ûа취
ĽɿЦһ˻֮Ҫ顣
һҪδ淢֮ǰڵ˻֮ȫ
ǣ֪ôſԣΪ˻֮ЩʱԼĿơ
·ԼĽʱ̸оһ˫۾ڶԼ
ȻˣֻǿжȡˣĽݹֱ飬ϾسЩ꣬ûɱˣʤݵ˶Ǳ¼ˣֻѪɱ¾£ˡ
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˵һ֪ǽһúʺһģ
޺ŵٴ𣬻ħǣ̶ֱ
ϱھͿ쿪ˣֻҪڼһʱ䣬̤ݡ
ʱ򣬹޺ȻϾϱǧ꿪һΣôһ˷ġ
Ľ¶ᶨ֮ɫûа㱣ȫ
Ҫ֣ҪƴֻҪһϢʱ䣬ͶԳһ˿ᡣ
˿̣ȫδֻܿԼڡ
˵棬ְɣ
԰գĽһ̤䣬޲֮£ɫâڡ
һ޴ɫŹ޺Ȼ£Ľ
һʽӳݽһ㣬ӶЩҡҡλΡ
Ľɿź󷽣¶֮ɫͨݵϱڡ
ҪȵϱڿȻӵݣֱ룬ڱǰԾһֻССϡ
ˣ񲻳˵Цһ컯СȻһ֮ǰȻߣ˵ȥ»Ц
ԣڱħǰܷ
޺ŭһ˫̧һ޴ħӰȻ
ѪɫͫףȻģһϢĽɫȻ䡣
ħӰǵ÷ǳӵжʶħӰһ
ڶԷٴٻħӰ̶ȣ֪ġ
ħӰʵϱ֮ǰĸǿᡣ
ĽɣħӰӦúϤɣǷǳԹģαٻı壬ԶǷɱȣϴķɱˣҲǰңԣɣܹħУɲһܹеĴĻǣ㲻ֻأ޾ĥħԳˡ
޺ЦӴħӰ̳Ľڵλûһָ
ħ˲ʧԭأĽɿʧӰеʱо
ħǼڽĿգۼ䣬һƬڰĽڡ
ĽɸոշӦ˾ѾһƬڰ֮С
ޱ޼ʵĺڰĽ֪ħһ͵ϮֶΡ
ĿΧǰĺڰ֮Уһ˫ѪɫȻſ
޴ͫɢĽɵ˲˻㱡
ֻһϢʱѹæ˫Լȥ˫ͫס
ǣۣԺ֮УѪɫͫơ
һǿҵΣУͷ
꣡
һɭȻĽɵԺ
֣ĽɵԺƱһ㣬Ծһ
ţ۽ĨѪա
ıӡȫѪ̼䣬ĽɵȫѪȻ



214 ݰ
֮У޺ֵ˻֮ǳЦĿѪĽɡ
ħ֮ΪǿǱ٣ױȡ
ȥɻɫâ֮󣬻ǿжչѻ˵ھ
ʱҿ뱾Կ뱾Եֻһ³ǾȪ
޺Ϊ˷ܵĺ֮󣬻ħӿʣ޼Ļɫâչҹ
Ľ¶ʹ֮ɫϵҡԴҪԺ֮еħϵĥĸоҧ촽촽ҧƤѪϴ˳
ģſ˫ѪͫУһĨ߲ʹâȻ档
һ˲䣬üĴ̳һѺۣһֻ߲ۣ֮ĽɶԤ֪֮
Ժ֮еʧĽ˴ϢĻᣬ߲ʹâĵֻۣⷽڰ磬ž޴Ѫɫͫףްη塣
Ѫɫͫ¶һĨɫúȻһ쳹ڰ硣
ܣôܻⲻܣ
ž޴ޱߺڰȻѪɫͫʧ١
ʣĽԤ֪֮¶һ˿֮ɫ
ħĲʺͺȻ֮Уһֲ֮УԷʶԤ֪֮
ղΣͷֻöԤ֪֮ҪһЩ̶ѳȥ
û뵽ոʩչΣʧĽɻû
ħȴʶˣ¶־塣
Էϳˣ
Ľૣ룬޾ڰʧԼٴλصϱ֮⡣
ħһŭ𣬻ص˹޺󣬺ƲҼĽɵߣĽù޺ɫ粻
һδεıʣŵÿζ޹ù޺˲
Լ˽Ľɣôȥˣû뵽ԷȻӵʵеĻԵǼʡ
ħع飬ԼڣɫĨȥǰһɫâ
ĽɿΧ˻֮ʧһգ֪ǹ޺Ϊ۶ţԿ˴еļɵ֮ɫһʱ䣬˭ҲԸ֡
û뵽㾹ȻѾɳ˿ԺҶԿĵزһֱڵȴһĵܺãһУȫȫϣȷҴһɹĽɣǣΪ֮Ľ޷ԽģڶΣʼնһ컯СվҪ֮С
޺ŭˣһԼܵƵŭ𣬺ȻƲ
ĽصĿŹ޺ʱ򣬺Ȼоˣ˹
Ľһϲ֪ԼȴϱڣҪˡ
޺ҲΧı仯ɫˮΪֹĽ붫ʤĽȥܸȥΪʤǧǰһս
һΣϱڱһλǿǿп֮˷ɱǸʱǿչһƴɱ֪ԭҲ֪ʱ˶ˡ
һս˰֮ã޺ⳡɱ֮У˵һλԵ
֮ϱٴιرգʿòֹͣǣȴǳΪ˵жԹϵݵ˴뱾ݣֹ׷ɱֱԷΪֹ
һ㣬޺֪ģĽ¶ϲɫɵһ֪ĽɵЩʲôȻѡȥ
ĽɣȻôżȥȫ㣬ǰݣ׷ɱڱУİɣĳһĹġ
޺ЦĿ
ĽĮĿŶԷû˵ǹעϱڵı仯
ѾˣǱȪ
޺ͺһӰȻʧԭء
ĽɼˣƽһĨŵǳЦ
Цɣ֮󣬼Ц
޺ŭĽЦŨöԷŭǡ
˿̵һͷŭһ㣬ҪĽʬΡ
һ̣޺һŨħĽɵǰ
ĽɵһЦһһ£̧֣һټƣù޺ɫ˲䡣
ûаԥֱһȭѹĽϯȥ
һȭĽˣ𵱳
ĽɿźȻµľ޴ȭӡûаη壬ֻǾĬĿţһӡ
ŵӣĴ̼Ź޺öԷɵһ
Ȼˣһ
䣬ħΪȻײĽɵ֮ϡ
ٽһ˲䣬һɫĻĽ빬޺ȭӡ֮䡣
ɲǣȭӡײ˹Ļ֮ϣţ뺣һ㣬ûϢ
޺󣬰ݰݣ
ĽɿŶԷٴЦݣԼƣ壬һɫĻ˹ȥ
һ
޺󲻸ʵŭ𣬿ǰһУ޷ܡ
봩Ļ׷ɱȥǣ֪ô£ͻȻֵĹĻ׸ǶˣƾҹҲ޷Ļ˿
ĽɣҪ⣬ƤѪġ
Ļ쵰һ
޺ȫ״̬ϵĺǰ߲ʹĻȭͷ֮ѾѪ
޺󣬷İɣĽĳģһ졣
һʤ֪˲֮
ǸʱһʤݵʷΪҸдŰɡ
ͺΪˣص˷ޡ
Ź޺޾ս⣬ȻתŰɫĻȻ˽ȥ
˲䣬֮гһ޴ĺɫУд
ɫâ񷣬ʱݽޡ
˿̣еſо˲ɡ
Ľ֣ףһ·˳磡
վɽۣŸ߿еİɫĻ
㿭һ죬ĳҪսһ
翴ſʧӰȭ¶㡣
˿̣֮Уһͨ׵ĸ¥ڡ
һŮվڴǰԶеİɫâһĨ΢Ц
չ黹ˡ
Ů֮ķſ֨һˡ
һŮ˽ŮǷһ
С㣬Ҫ㡣
΢㣬İɫâ¶ף֮ɫ
ɫ䣬Ƶһ˭ڹע澰
ǣֻ֪⣬̤ݲŻᷢ
һµĿʼǻԵΣ֪
ʮϢȥϱ¹ƽǣ޺ȴǸӷ
ʵĽɣ㡣
ֻҪһҹ޺ħģҪǣ޾ĥ
һŭ£޺ĳʯ֮ȥ
ػϱڵֵܶˣ˵˲ɱѪƮҲ̶á
޺ˣȫ𵱳
ʤݣٴһֻɱ¾֮С



 


215 
һصĵط
ǽǴţĲ졣
һµ磬һܳʱУǳ˵硣
֮ûʦĴڣÿݵϵǲͬġ
ʤʦ磬ݣֻһ֮
һϰףҲһµݵˣ
ĶһЩʵǿĴЩ˱֮Ϊ
𣬻ȡÿһһʦĴڡ
ǵϵܸӣЩ붫ʤݲͬĵط
ʦһﵽһ֮󣬱һ֮
ݣѵܶ࣬붫ʤʦѿγĶԱȡ
ȻݳԾɴڣǧȥѾ˺ܴı仯
ݣϲ
һһڽСĵǰš
һƬħɭ֣ݵ˳ƺ޲ޣħޣΪǵ֮Уħ޵ڴһֵֺǮĶΪħˣݵ˴ħ档
һˣŮУǰɱħޣȡħ˵һСӡ
ƽ䶼Ƕʮ꣬Ϊ׵ӣȥԴһЩ
Сǰ쳤ۣɢһɷ淶ʡ
磬֮ǰ˵ĸּϬţħأ˺þöûпǲѾ˰СУһĽСŮЩʵ
ŮƤװɢһӢһװȫ׼
С骲Ҫ˵Ϊѧܣȫǲܳ޵ģɱֻħޣÿ˶ջٽҡһ꿴Ůһۣ̬˼ֲ
Сôô˵ң˵ˣںͲ˵ֲǺ㡭
Сüһֱ׳ķţδ˵꣬ͱΪ꿪ڴˡ
Сģ
ԨsͺһӰ˲ſ˵ϡ
˸ͬĶȫ䱸Ŀǰ
ǰǸּϬţˣҸӦϵĶϢԭһѾռħ޵أûв´Ӧˮϵħ޵ĳѨǷһɱ˵
ԨsſеζȻڡ
С΢΢ͷû˵ʲôǰ˲˳ȥ
ǵǰһƬɫںԱһ޴Ѩ֮д
СͣźĶѨüһϾһŮȳζʵţСŻ֮С
ǣͬеļ˶صĿֻҧҧȻ˽ȥ
ݳУסС骵ӰУһᣬûа㶯ü˲ɵðһ亹

һһɫâӶѨ֮м
Ԩsɫâֱ֮ӿں
ޱ̿ϣ
꺰֮ٻӰûаԥ̳Ѩ
һ̣Ѩ֮У¡֮ٳ˳
СЩǱӰ˳Ӱβ
ǵӰոճ֣һͷ޴ĺɫϬţ͵ĳ
Сϣ
ԨsٴκһͺһȻȥһͣ˲䱬һɫ޸˫֮УֱּϬţնȥ
ФΣѰ㣡
˵꣬һʧԭء
̷һ׹˸ž޴ϬţĶţϵѰҶԷ㡣
ŮվԶ¶Ǳ֮ɫǵѣй
һĿźɫϬţСӰг뵣ġ
СваüζϬţˣҪʹһЩûФδҳ㣬ǾҪˡСǵǵĿСɫϬţĳ棬ɵıԹƺܲСһ㡣
СֻӺּϬţעˣֵĻǲ磬ûĻĴڣСסˣȡʲôħ˰
ԣһϷŮЦڣ¶һܲĵӡ
ǡǡǣ˵еޱ㣬Ƕ֪ϲ磬ǲף񲽴ôٲŬɾñˡ
С骿ޱζЦ
ǱˣڲǿЦʱǻ׼һ°ɣһСĲˣһҪȥȡһЩʱ䡣̵˵ŮͬʱӻͳһֵĶ
Щ״죬ɫ죬ȴ̺һ˿ըȻһƷ
֮ȻĿԶսһһţ
ܿ죬СЩֲסˣվԶФҲĶϬţһ֮ɫ
ҪͦסˣФҵûа
Сһ˺۵岻Ϻˣʱʱת׿ħޡ
УּϬţͭǽڣû˿㡣
磬ʱʩչͫҲЩֲסˡ
Фλæڣɫ԰ףͷðˮľˡ
ɫϬţ۾ˮͫõ˼ɵġ
Ф֮˫֮ϵİ׹Ȼʧˣ׹ʧ˲䡣
˫ۣˮֹס£һʱ䣬۾޷ˡ
ФΣûãؼʱ̵ӡ
ˣʵڿסˣС骣ǹֵһӣҴ
СţʱϬţ͵ײȻײϣֱӻ˳ȥ
䣡䣡䣡
Сص˲䣬Ȼ
Ůæ֮£Ʒ񶪳
챬ըźɫϬţúţһŭĺС

̳ɢȥţȻվǴ޵Ѿʼ죬Ǳŭļ󣬸ղŲʹĹĴŭ
תӣ˻һٳŮӳȥ¡¡ı֮ǰŮŵûʧɫ
ˣ
С骾һ֮ŮźȥǸûСķƴһǶǾҪˡ
磬
С骺һƣٶȻŮһƬȥθӣһʱ䣬ȵԨs־Ԯ֪ΪʲôԷٳûлӦ˼һ㣬Ӱ
Ůֻƴǵһͷ˶ĺɫϬţ׷Ŀ׶ޱȣҪȫһ㡣
ϬţһײݰҪҵķ㹻ǿᣬҪײˡ
Сһá֮Ĵһ֮Զ׷ŮľϬţɫȻһ䣬󿴵ſڲݵ֮ϱ˫۵ФΣͻȻʶֻʣԼӲţˡ
ԨsÿζҪץſϳ֣ǵҵ֮С˶ȻУΣͷҪָүϲ̫ˡ
뵽С֮˳ɫ޸źɫϬţɱȥ



216 ֮
ͺţȻ˺Σʱͣ½Ųת
ԶԼĽ꣬׷һȻȥ
С骣С֧ԮˣڿԴˡ
ôûгְڲ֣ǿɾͲˡ
ޱ˿ʾСͣӣŮӲһƨ˵ϡ
Զֳ־޸ţսеСǵǡ
Ǻڵľ棬ԨsԮĻȴǵֻ·һ
С֧Ų˶ãѾ˵ƣӣҧسȥϣôСǾΣˣĽԸ
ϾһСӣΪӺֻͦʣһҲҪƴһս
ͺţһһǣСײȥԷоյĶȥˣͷħޱŭĹٶȼΪˣСɫ԰ףһƣ̬ž޸˫˲Ǻţ͹ҲҪȥˡ
ϲȾҰɣ
СһһԾ˫־޸źţ͵һ
꣡
һ촫޸˸һ㣬ǿķСЦѡ
ͺţŭһ֮󣬷𣬾޽ųС͵̤䡣
ؼʱ̣һɫӰȻ˺ţ·źţһָ
һâָӿ֣̳źţ·ȥ
һֱڰУȴʱĲԨs
ôãΪ˹ĸò˵һϸ͵Ϯߡ
侲Σң۶Σգһ̣֡
â罣ţڣһĨʺ̴Ϭţ
Ѫʧٶȣٲһ㣬Ȼй
ϬţһʹȫѪĳŲԨsײȥ
Ԩsɫһ䣬¶Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ţܵôصƣܱǿĹ˿̵æȥֻҪһӣͷħ޾ͻԶѪ
κۺɫϬţ׷ҲײӰ
ţȻͣ½ŲɫһŭС

ŭеɫһȫ֪Էʲô˼
ڴΪţҪ̵ʱ򣬺֮ϳһ޴С
ѵ
Ԩsתĺɫ˲ѿȥ̷һȡ
ߣС
Ļ˵һ룬ǿˣֱ񷣬ˡ
䣡
һòǴ̵Ĵͷǰ
ͷƣªһ˫ɺɨˡ
ԥӶǱߵľ޴룬Χļ˺ɨȥ
ˣ
ԨsһСԶ
С骿ǰ˾壬ŲԨsһ֮Ȼץ¶ŮС֣ı
ͷ㴥һ㣬ϮԨsӶٶȸ޷֮ȣ֮ͱ׷ȥ˲ϡ
ž
һ£С͵һѪıһĿĵ˺ۡ
Ԩs֮󣬻ûз󺰣һžž֮
ԶС˲Һһ˲ſ˵ϡ
С骣ޱ̣
Ԩsʧе̬֮⡣
ԶŮĺͬһ޴Ѫۣ֮˵
䣡
һײФε˲ڲԨsǰѪԵ
ܰҪˣ
Сһ˲ԨsһѣöԷϿܣԼٴһѪĵڵϡ
ԨsһĿǰ֮УֻʣԼһˡ
Ϭţ˷ܵ˹Ѫء
Ԩsħޱ¶֮ɫԼӲˡ
ؼʱ̣дһĮ

Сȴܴÿ˵ĶУһ˲䣬޲һ
һɫµĿ꣬һ緶ʣ˳
ǿͻȻֵİӰо¶֮ɫ

ǿڣϬţѾ嵽ǰ
ڶޣڵϵˣͻȻֵģŹ
£͵̧ǰȣſ̤䡣
ѣСİ
ԨsһǰͻȻֵˣٴοϣ
ǲԨsеˣһŵĿſꡣ
Ϊܹ߳ˣȻһλ˲Ĵ
ǣԷ·װ֮ǺȻһִ
ǵУӵһǿϢ֮⣬Ż棬ûΪطԴŴźܴ󽲾ǿݵʿŵȷӵĸо
ĽĿĺɫϬţƽûо⡣
أɱǰͷţԾɷ֮䡣

һһΣͦӰȻʧԭء
˼˵ʱһǸ֪Ľȥ¶ԷֱȥϬţǰͻȻʧӰһʱ֮䶼ԭء
һ˲䣬ĽɵӰ˺ţǰ֣ȻϬţ֮С
ԨsĽɵľٶü΢΢һ˳ЦΪԷһǰΪǰȻּ֪Ϭţǿķ࣬ͽֹǰ׷
ţ𾪵һĻˣԶ޷һĻ
ּϬţֽһ㣬ĽɵĲ˽ȥûа
ͣ
Ƥѿÿ˵ġ
һʱ䣬ȫסˣȫ֪ġ
Ȼ֤һ£ԷʵѾﵽһΪֲĲΡ
һͷɱ˵ħޣԷһϬţǿķ֮ء
ô򵥣ôǻһ㡣
֮𣡡
һǴ֮гʦǡ
ʦҲ޷Ȼˣ̫˼ˡ
СһãȻ޷ǰһʵġ
Ľɻ֣ջֵһ̣ͳһöɫӣˮһ㾧Ө͸Ľɿ֮ֱ봢ڡ
֪ʲôڽ֮ǰ˺ܶ伮ȻʱܾãЩ޷ıģħ޺ħˡ
ֶԻɻңĽҪģµĻ֮УҪĹ
Ľħ˵˲䣬һɫӰԼȻϮ
Ľɼ״ɫ䣬ԷһۣȻһץ
ϸһһ޴Ĵ룬۴ô޷ġ
еĴͷ㿴Ľɣɺ֮¶ŭ֮ɫ¼ٳĽɻƽϱ֮ǰҡ

ĽɿŹĹлһĨڽ͵ץд룬һӡ
֮ȻĽһ˦дͷΣȻ뿪ˮ档



217 űڣǿ

ĽɵͺһȫץŹ㴥͵һ
ǿôͷܿƣֱĽ߷˹
һ˲䣬Ľǰһ̤䣬ӴӰȻɿ
ȫҹӿ֣ģŷײĹ㣬һֱӲԷڡ
꣡
һ죬ڴͷ㾪ĿС
Ľɴڣͳһöϱ֮ǰɫħˣһȭ˳ȥ
ֶΣɾ䣬ˮе˵ɫ¶֮ɫʵҲʵЩһ޷ﵽ
ңʲôط
ĽתӣǰĲԨsʵ
óԨsǼʵǿģϢжϣԷӦӵڵսµĶںͺڡ
֮ǼˣĽɵɱ֮ģֻ̽һЩϢ֮뿪
Ϊأ޷ʩչԤ֪֮Ļα򼸸С·
λǰϲҹԸɭ֣˴ֻΧϾǵʵֻΧȡħˣղҲˣ׼ɱּϬţȴͻȻһ㣬ЩʱȣǼѾɥȪˡ
ԨsվĽɹ˵տڲղſ󣬱˵һЩй¶ԷݵĻΪǰ֮˲ǲ
ݣҹȻڻҸط˰ɣ빬޺һսԤУԼ磬ֻһ
ĽĬȻתʧԭأѾõҪĴ𰸣ıҪˡ
ɽղŵ߱ˣ򼴱ҲɱǣҲܶ鷳
Ľʧһ̣Ȼÿ˵Ժ֮С
ԣɫһ䣬໥һ֮󣬷׷Ĭ
磬𣿡
ùФοΪ̬꣬˵ӡ
Ҳ֪ǸλǰĻжӦ˰ɡ
Ԩs¶ЦĽɵʵǣͨԷɱħ޵ٶȺ߸һϵŨŨļɵ
ĺǿ
С֮µ˵
̫ˣȻǣȴּϬţʹͷħ˶ˣǰҪĿģĽǰһˡ
С骾˾죬¶֮ɫ˵һ룬ͱݺݵĴˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ嫴½ǿΪѵ𡣡
˵ĻһղŵǰˣǾһǿɱɡ
Ԩsü¶ַ꣬ĽɻδȥĻǵĻǳĽɱ˵ɣԨsס
С΢ͣЩίŮĶСο˼䡣
ˣܹţѾˣֻҪǽħʬ˻ȥȻһЩңҲɹˣСФһһߣޱ԰æСԼú÷ʡһ°ɡ
Ԩs̾˿ָӴæµ
ĻеǰȻһΨС骺ۿЩʡ
ȻίΥԨsķԸΪŶӵĺġ
ʰ֮󣬿뿪
ƬΧһֻŨŨѪζɢȥ
ҹԸɭһĶѨ֮С
ԭһͷħ޵أȴĽǿռˡ
ڶѨڣһĺӡǳü֮Ϻâϱ֮ǰ˲١
Ľɫ԰ףͷð亹żʹ࣬вϵ
޺ݣħƴƻ֮Ȼû˺ҵ࣬ڵĹѾ˶ѣԷȻ಻ҵ㣬̶תƵ˾档
ĽȻſ˫֮£ڣԹ޺ĺȻ졣
ھѾƻҪָҪķһʱ񣬵ǣĽɱ뾡ȥӾˣΪһˡ
޺󣬵ҹ֮գὫܵʹ࣬ٱ
Ľɵͺһ΢΢̧ʯ
һգ
飡飡飡
Ũ֮УĽɳ˿Լƽ
֮ʱа㸺ȻĻʧ߻ħ
ƽ֮󣬿ʼΧľһһֹһ㡣
ָƵʱݷ˷츲صı仯
һʱ֮䣬еˣ֮еһ
֪صǿߣۼһԻ͹ű֮Уչһܻ顣
űеǺܶ࣬ȴͷĴһɫ֮
Ļ׹֣Ϸûв´Ȼ˽뵽֮С
λСϡûб仯ôֻһܡ
֮ˣΪʹ޵Ķʤʿ
һϵϣ쳹֮С
ڣеˣԲԼͬŸ̨ϵߡ
ڸ̨Ϸһλѩ׳۵ΡȻɢһΨҶơ
߿ڣ·ѻȸ˭Ҳҷ죬µߣڷ
ϴεݴսԾɼ£һпսȻʤݴ¾񣬵ǣҲûʲô³
ԣݽ뵽أͻᷢ׷ɱҪǵ
׷ɱǷŹ
ƽĿڣȻһŽɫӡ
棬ĬĿ·ˡ
Ѿȥǧ֣꣬ҿȻݣҲδػǴѣźƽͬ׷ɱȻԷҲкգһһȥץȻ̶ԴΪ˸ʹۡ
һīŶ̷ȻڣĻ˳в˵ͬвٷߡ
˻ҲͬȵԷкݰյʱ򣬾ʲôˣ׷ɱˣϱ֮غôã˾Ȼûгʱ򣬷һЩңλ˸ı䣬ΪǶʤ֮˵ıҶǶʤͬŵӣǼֵܶụɱԣʤûкˣֱӷ׷ɱԾ󻼣
һΪص֮С
˵֮ˣһͷ꺺ӣĻնɡ
ǲҪˣǻֵôɡ
¹ϵս𣬲ǿġ
һŵŮڣվڴĽ䣬еˮ



218 ý
ȻС˸ӣϷ˵һЩԼĽ顣
ĳô꣬λӦûϷӰɡ
ȻΪϷĽֱܲӡ
ºһЦŮӵ˵ͷڡ
ϣ̫ˣʵʸ񣬶ǵ֮ĵһѡ
˲Ļǲʶ̧ˣϾһǿߡ
ڶʤݵ˽⣬ǿˣ˵ɡ
·ͬո£˵Ĺ
ûξҶͬ
ֵľϷľ
ϣ˵ɡ
·˲֮ͬ
ڸ̨֮ϵһЦ˻֣ʾҰ
֪ǵ뷨е˵Ѿȥǧ꣬ž޴ޣҲһǿ֮ĶԹڵ޹أ뷨⣬Ҳͬ
ǣԣ׷ɱ֮ˣȻ뵽ݣΪǵһӣȻӭ֮һܱȶһ˺õöࡣ
ǵѣϷҪ˵ֻһ£ڶʤݵһУһ˿ӴĵطǵʵҪǿϺܶ࣬Ҳǳ־Լ磬һʵ
˵˲䱬
ǿʵеȻһ֪Ҫʲô
ʵҲһʤݵˣλٶ֪֮ݣǧǰĴս֮УݺΪ˻
ѿȻܵã˵һУʤÿ춼ɱ¾εˣҲΪһ㣬ɱ㣬ǲҲҪܵʵ
ڱһݴսݽһΪã޷ȣͬ硣
ߵһЦ˵˫Ϊ·ᷢһۡ
µ飬룬ֻҪԼ뷨˵Ϳˡ
һ㣬ԼĽ飬һӣǲΥԼľ
Ϊһǿ֮⣬һηݣʥߡ
֮УûĹ򣬵ǣȴһһάһݺƽĴڣЩ˱Ϊʥߡ
ÿһʥ߶ӵмΪֲʵΪҪ䣬ʥ߹ˣ֮ϣд˵еʥߡ
ǿж޷ԿĴڣͺʤݵʦ޷Կһݵǿ
Ȼھһ֮ûһ˵ԡ
ǿһȻĿߣ߻˻֣ҷ׷ɢȥˣٸ¡
һߣһ޴ĳ֮ǰһصվ˳ſڡ
֮ϣһЩƹĽ־ѧϰĶһģһ
վǰףȫ£ͷԷòǣһӴѹʱɢ˲ַ
վڳ֮ǰӴĳУǹճһĨЦ
Ľɣ;˵һС
˿̵һɫ鲼ݵ··ϼģΪʲôҪ·ΪʲôΪĽѾΪһͨˡ
ʦˣ޷ı֮ûɱʹ࣬û˻ʵ¾һͨͨķˡ
֮ԻӣȫΪһΪΣյ顣
ָƵʱ򣬾ǲ֪컯Բչ˳
һ㣬Ľ˵ʱҲˣʱû˿죬ΪԼľΪӦ׾١
һǣؼʱ̣ͻȻ˾ޱ䣬ܿٴΣ֮УԤ֪֮һĻΪԾĻ棬Լһͨˡ
֮һ뵽ԼܾõĶֻط񹦡
Ϊͻ׼Ķ벻ҪǰˣδĻ棬Ľûаɣһʽչӡ֮
ӡȫӡʶӡȫԼȫΪһˡ
ӡ֮ʩչ˳ֱԼɹ֮󣬲Ÿо֮ǰĲͬ
ΧһУоԼжţһ㣬һ˵ᡣ
ôʦһӱ˷ˣڼ䷴֮һʱ޷Ӧ
µ·̣ߵһôԶ·̣;Ϊ˹͵ʳһЩץܵÿ죬Ҫ˼Һݺݱһ٣˵ٴιĽΡ
վڳ֮⣬̤֮Уȴݺݵסȥ·
ҰСӣҪó֤ݵĽңǽǵıƷҪΪѣ
һͺĽɲɵ˺һЩԵڵء
˷֮ӺĸоЩĽɽʱ䰤ɵģǰû
ӣǰסԼȥ·ͻȻе
ûܹǽûһ˸Һ˵
Ľսȭͷһ˿ɱӿҪһҵǰ
ǣͻȻԼҲʩչʱ֪ԼѾǴǰԼˡ
ֻط񹦣ã
Щǹżһҳдģһôֻ֮Ϊﵽ䣬Դܽǿ
ԼԪţͬҲб׶ˣʩ֮ҪԷ֮ԴеĵʧǺصġ
ûУûȥҪ˷ʱ䣡ǲĺ
ԷĻżв֮⣬Ľɲɵٴ˺һҧҧתӡ
תһɲǣȻԼħˣ
Ľʩչӡ֮ǰͽħ˷֮У˿ѾûһͨĺɫӣĻУԼĺ֣СеҩöħˣΪ˲ע⣬ֻЯЩĶڴڣ޷ȡ
ڵСӣΨһĶˣһóħˣԷǿжô죬ǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ĽΨһĵĵطΪطʲôǣȨʵֻԴ뷲֮С
ǽȥǣ޷ʼµǰì֮ɵͷ
֪ܲܽǣ
ĽȻתӻͳּϬţĺɫħˡ
ħ˵ĳ֣ʱΧȺĹע˶¶ĽĿ⡣
Ľɿ˵˲죬ΪҵֻĽṵ̂ȡ
ѵݵ˶Ǻƽദⲻܡ
һƽ磬ҲĻˣŲĵ
ĽɿΧȺ


219 Ʒħ
ħһٿȻһĽ¶֮ɫ
ôӵ˸߽׵ħˡ
Ȼ̺һ֮󣬶ƳһƷס
һ̾ƺҪõӣĽɫ΢΢һ
ȻϲǾ͸ɡ
Ľ̬ƽȻܲԸͳöħˣԼϻһöġ
ҴȻȥܶ鷳ҪעĶ
ǰԣһϲ֮ɫǼĿĽɡ
϶ӣĽɾܿóԷǳ˷ܡ
һһ£¶һĽı飬˵˼䡣
ǰѴ͸ңҲǣһЩ֪飬ЩΪ׵ĳ룬㿴ô
ĽɵĶڣͻȻת̬ȣĽٴʶħ˵Ҫԡ
ԣ
ĽɲԥֱӽУԷ˵ֱӴ߽˳ǡ
֮ĽɿȺбһĽ붫ʤżĲ𣬲ҲвֶʤݵĽΪδĻ֮УǸŮӾһɫĲ¥֮С
Ԥ֪֮޷ʹˣĽźʹã߽֮ڣɲ˷ħˡ
ʲôطԳħˣǴ
ţĽɵʵСһԵ
ǳ򵥣һֱǰߣܿͻῴһ̣²ʲôܡ
ÿһħ˵ļ۸񶼲ͬȥ֮Կ
ҵöһֱû򵽵ģллˡ
ں˵ƺܣĽ׽˲١
лʹ˱
ĽɹֳлѾ֪ҪĴ𰸣ҲûбҪ̸ȥ˲˸֮⡣
ȱ߰ҵڻ֪أҽ˾ͽϡ
ôᣬͽϸɣôһ𣬲һЩ𡣡
ڵһҶ֪ҶƺңСͨԣҪϧᰡ
˾ͽϿĽɣֺ̬֮⣬ǰĽɵ˸үҪùϵ
̶øĺôģ˵˼ĽȻ
ˣռ˵ɡ
ĽֱӴǱ첽Ⱥ֮УԷиĽĻһ⵽˵ĵǣʱɾûˣӡȫһͨˣûа㷴֮
˾ͽĽɵӰѾʧȺ֮У״ֻÿ̾һźҡҡͷƴһԵһ㣬ޱȿϧ
үԸ˽ѣҲǣϾҸղźݺݵóħӦڱԼҲҪۿ˵ͣʱҾûǺڰԷ̸ף˼ҸӿԼʧ㣬ʧ㰡
˾ͽһ֮󣬳ųſȥվԼĸλϣһɥ
ĽɵӰȺ֮󣬹۲Χ˺;
еŮһϮɫȹȫֳһִ˵Ϣ
ĽɿЩ㱼˺ܾ֮ǰļ䡣
ģļǰ磬ȻЩģȴʵ
ѹл䣬ĳǰȥڿԼҪҵĵط
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Ⱥӿе¶ϲеһ̾Ϣͬ
Ľɻ˽ȥһ֮УͿһ޴ӡ
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һħˣֱӷչ̨棬˸Ӧļ۸
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ħˣֱǰ¥йԱΪԸ߰۸չ
Ľħˣǰ¥ǳӴ˵ħˣ۸һöԷ⡣
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ħˣõóҲ޷չϾǴ˵еĶ˼
߽ħˣ˵Уôֻһܣ˵ѡ
֣ĽЩЦõĸоҲ֪˭дȥģǷȤ
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ĽͷԲĽħޣǵĻԼʵôɱ
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ĽɼܶŮȻᾪȣֻƽĿŶԷڡ
Ҫȥ¥ħˣ֪ȥ
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΢Цſ̬֮ĽɶøС
˲ĿУĽɸŮվһ׹˸ĹȦ֮ϡ
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µĹȦ̱˲˵ϣоԼ壬ڲͣĳϷƶһ̣ǰɫȻһ䡣
һֺƴĶĽٴθܵݵ֮ⷽԶǶʤݿɱȵģЩڶʤݼΪϡ٣Ȼ֪еİأǣׯصʽܵһرĴǱ̬֮ͨһﶼ档
գۼ䣬һŵĴԼǰ
ڴ֮УȺӿϵĹͳʲô
ӣ¥Ѿˣ֮ǰҲħ˵Ĵʽˡ
óħ֮󣬻רҵԱȻһļ۸ж
ŮĽɵȻ΢΢ͷСͳ˻еɫħˡ
ոóħ˵˲䣬Ůͫһʶķһʱ˵Ĺע
ǿ쿴ǸӾȻӵеļƷħˣҽǲǺȶˣþˡ
ҵţȻˮԵħˣħ˿ǼΪϡٵĴڰҪ׬һˡ
УҪٹȥǸСһһҪڵ֮ǰߴ

һ˲䣬˵ˢˢĳĽ߿
ɷ֮󣬵һܵ˵Ĺע˲еܲ
รԲʧ̬ˣĶʵ̫ˣǻרΪ۵ģܿͻ˹
ԭй۵ģǣħ̫ϡˣǻɡ
Ͼ˲ɾ޴ʧġ
ŮǸȻһЦԼʲôһ㡣
ĽԣԼеħˣ˼ء
벻ȻеļƷħˣͷȻ֮ӽϱȸּϬţǿˡ
ĽΧȵ⣬еʱһ
ֻһˣЩˣ汻Էˣɾˡ
ڳħ֮Ҫ̸һЩ֤ܰȻ뿪
һһŮĽɵǰ֮ǰŮӲͬ
ɫȹԵø߹ţɢһʥϢʥŮһ㣬˲ַ
ĽƽĮȻĿûа仯
ı֣Ůӵ˲ͣĵһӡ⡣
λҪħ˰ɣ׵ļƷħˣһˮԵģֻӵУܹɱ㣬ӶȻǿʵ
ǣˡ̶ҸаǹӰ˳۵İɡ
ŮһЦܴΧ
Ľ֮˲Ůô⡣
ڰԼƷħ˵Ρ
ǰ˷ħˣôԼõǮҲһʱ佻Ǹӵħ˵ˣһЩĻ֮ĽɣҲ鲻ʲôһƹȻ밡
£ӦС޹ذɣħ˵ģ̸óɽ
ڴ˴̸Ǳĵطء
ĽɵĮ˵ȫŮһ̽Ļᡣ
ŮӲ²һǰ˳۵ģΧˣɵһꡣ
һΪԷһǿأҶʵû뵽Ȼһˣ˷ʱ䡣
ɲҹ۲ôã벻һðƻ֪ҸղžӦùȥв˽ħˡ
ˣ̵Ѿˣﵽ̵У۸񶨻ᱩǳûлˡ

ܵȻһ䣬ı仯ĽûзУ˿
ûбֳʼƽĿǰŮӡ
빫Ҹطϸ̸̸ļ۸񡣡
ȻһЦһƣ۶Դ˭Ƕ΢Цһͬʡ


220 ռ˽һ
˵ѵʱ򣬱ֽŻ᲻ȻҲظ
Ȼʼƽڸղţпˣһ˿΢ɲӱܡ
ŷڣϣĽ¶ЦһжԷ
ĽһΪͷ۵ŮӣǾڵŮСС
ǻֻݣÿٶ֪ʲôҪ˵ʲôָƣǰ̣ٴָܵоֱ˿͸˼ܲĸо
ǳħ˵ģĵģֻ֪ҵöħ˿ٽҡĽ˫üһǰŮиĽŮʵ̫ˣ˸е¡
ħˣڼƷħˡ
Ȼܶ࣬Ǵһֱںʹ֮УҪ׻ɱѡ
ԣöħһǰȻһҵļ۸񡣡
̳˵öħ˵ϡԣĽԣɫûа仯
ǣֻܸǧң֪ΪʲôΪΪչһöĽħˣѾó˽һʽԣڴʽŵ״̬
¶һ˿ЦĽɣļ۸ѾΪˡ
֪ĽһתˣϾһֵĴ̫ࡣ
ѹ۵ΪҲ޿κΣҪ߼Ǯ̸߲Ѿƺ͹涨ţǰħǸ߽׵Ĵڡ
ǧңɽҪӦһ¡
ĽƽĿŮӣɾĴӦ
ԣ¶֮ɫû뵽ĽɾȻͬ⽻ףû˿ڵ˼
ֻҪǶк飬Ȼᶦ
˻㣬һȫĵطû˿⣬ЩǷΧ֮ڡ
Ľ΢΢ҡͷԷĻﶼǰȫʩЩҪġ
ʲô֣
ĽɵĮĿŶԷеħֱӶŮӣڡ
ѲɵСܵܣ׷˺ܶ࣬Ļɲడ
ˣ󷽵İħǣССҪȻܾ
̣Ҫס˰
̽ЦһȻĽɵ⣬һ˿
ֻʰˣû˼Ҫᡣ
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ǰװռһ˰ˣ˵һҪʲô˰ɡ
ôֻܾ㣬ǸһЩ顣
̾˾죬¶֮ɫƺĽɵĻܲ⡣
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ŻĽ˵Ϊ棬һæµеŮӡ
ҵĽΨһĿģߣȥһۣҲҪ֪δ֮УΪʲô֣֮ǲʲôҪϵ֮Ҫҵ¥Ůӡ
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һǿʶ֮ӻ֮ϯ֮ǿ͵һ
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ĽɿŮǸȻڣḧһ»档
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̺֮ʶԼΪˣǿһЩ飬磬ʶ֮ʧһʱ䡣
һʱˣҪĨȥҪָȫʵ
Ľɽ֮ǰھ޴ľ棬ġ
ŰĻ棬̵˲
гʮֱ棬æµеŮӺƻһ㡣
ԼǰĴ㾰Ĵߵ˭
һĽɣӶԷϣЩص㣬صǶԷֻһˣȴӵħˣǿĻΪһɱĻֵס̺Ŀֲ
ǣǰĿ꣬ȴ׾ٵȥѹĽ̿Ľɵһ˿ɵ
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һصŮӣڻæµš
ܷҵŮӣ
Ľɿ̣̬֮¶ֽţǲԾɢġ
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ȻûаʲôæǣǿԸһ񡣡
ǣǿǰݵĵش
ЦڣĽ۵һ˿⡣
̵飬ʵĵشģ̵֪˰ٶȵĿĵأм仹ʡȥܶ಻Ҫ鷳·һЩٵģĽ޷֮ԿģϾֻһͨˡ
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Ľˬĵ˵ͷԽʡʱķȻܾ
ھǧҽ㣬ǧҿɲһСĿһ·ҪСһЩΪĴ˲٣Ȼ֪еŮ˭Һ֪ǲġ
̵һ仰Ľ˼֮С
˵ǣҲӲŮӵĹ۲죬˵ǣ̺޷͡
ѵҪԼʩչһȫӡˡ
˵ˣҲš
֣еҵġ
һˣģħҲǶԷġ
ԭ˵ҵŮ֮һб֪
Ľɳ˼С֮һȽϷʵʵɡ
ո˵ʱȻ
ɡ
εĿ˿ڣŴˡ
߽һɫ۵Ůӣ֮ǰӴĽɵŮӡ
ӣĽ𿨣һŽһǧңܹš
ŮӿĽɣ¶һĨְҵЦݡ
жŽɫƬɫ֣һǧ



221 
С㣬ûʲôˣȥɡ
Ҫλ̸̸飬һġ
̿Ľ½֮˻֣ʾŮȥ
ǣ̽㣡
СǷһ΢ȥ
ûаϻɴ˿ɼ֮еÿһˣǾϸѵѡεġ
󲿷ֶŮӣҸò绨΢Ц񣬸ÿһ¼õӡҲ𱬵ԭ֮һ
֮Ľˣ׼ʲôʱ̡
̿ĽɣЦڡ
ԽԽãҲ뵢ʱ䣬ԵĻ뼴̡
Ľɳ˼֮һ˵
û뵽ߵôԭһأȻˣҾͲˡ
ҳȥ֮һС㣬ſڵš
ò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻгˡ
ԣ̾һվӣ֮󣬾ֱ߳˷䡣
ĽɿĶҲվո߳ŵ˲䡣
С㣬΢ЦſԼ
ӣ̽ѾԸˣɣû뵽һι̣ܵ̽ԽӴǻúܶĽʵİ
С˵ΪĽɵɲһĺá
Ϊʲôô˵Ѳ̻ʲôرĵط𣿡
Ľ֮һ˿ɻȫֵ˻ӭ
ԷǻĻ㶼ôĽԼء
Ȼˣ̽ǽӴ¥ĴҲĽħ˵ĸˣǣȻ˶¥ֽף㲻֪һ뷿佻ħ˵ʱ򣬺ܶ˶¶ĽĿ⣬Ϊ̽㳤ĺܶ˶İĽߡ
С˵ţ̬¶һ˿֮ɫĽɴΡ
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Էߵ̫ܶ׷ߵıΪȫǱ־Ϊá
ԭˣĽĮȻĵ˵ͷ
С˲⣬ĽÿζţǰɵĻشš
Ҳܹǲ̸ֻڷʱ˵ܶĻ
ǣʱĲ˵ʲôֻǿӦԷ
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⣬һȺţ̵İЧʵȷܿ죬¥ʱ䣬ѾźһС
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Ȼ֪ʵݣǣ֪ǿҵһۼʱҾͿˣһǸ˰֮ϵǿߣܹӵлеľΪ򵥰
ڵ㣬ȥֻһͨˣҲ²һʩչĳµģķǳڴĳɾͣʵô࣬㽻ѡ
ɹˣҲܸŽ⣬ʧˣҲûʲôʧٻˡ
˵֮ĽɵĶߣᴵһ
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ѾΪӵĹˣϾڳڵСһС̸ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˡ
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Ľļǵ˵ǣֱԾԼԭֻ
һԼͨˣ˶Է׷顣
ǶԷûȤԼ鷳
˵֪ԼĵǲܵģĽɽٵǵɫâ˲ݣֻҪϹӶܿȻܶ˲֪׹̺壬ǣ֪ģȻݵǿߡ
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ȻͣûоѪϴˣ޷ӵǹƵġ
ЩǿҪһˣһԸǴɱ¾ˡ
Ľɷ뵽ʲôɫȻһ䡣
һԷһ֪ԼǶʤݵˡ
Ϊֻ֮жʤݣɱ¾صһط
ݵĸ߲㣬ȻǴ֮һȺƤǡ
ĽЦһ֮ڵǿߵ׷ɱ
ĵʵܱĸ
ιֵܣʲô֣ҽк̴ܹܵԽӴһ˲ĴĻɣһ·ϻЩȤ
֮⣬ӶԷ֮вĽɺܸȤ
Ľɡ
ĽƽĻصڣʵҲʶԼ
ԣû̫Ĺ˼ɣϾһȫµ硣
ĽɣְҵĺǿˣϵûĻ˵˵֣ǶˣĽ֣ˣ
̬ΣȻǶԼֺܲ⡣
ĽˣɵĸоЩЦöԷȷЩȤ



222 ʥ
һңԶĵطǵһ̡
ǵ̴㣬Ǹոʶãǿͨѡ
ǰĵشֻҳħˣһѡ
Ľֱ˵ԵɣúҪںҲȥϾĬǺܷḻġ
ʲôһΣɣһξܺǵ̴ĻҪǴ˳ȥ֪Ҫж鰡˵ĺˣǴ˵еһ鰡
⣬Ծ
һ飿
ĽɲɵĿЦһ˵
һ˶иоҶ̴㲢а㰮Ľ֮⣬Ҳָоˣֻǵĺϵ
ǰɣҿǵһμ̴˿Ľְ˰̴㿴ˣҪ˵һҪջᰡ̸ɲһ𣬼ȣ췹Ǹʱϣ޳ǡ
Ц˵ԷĻĽɺ
û뵽˾Ȼ˿ţ޼ɵ֮˽ܻ⡣
ҸһܣҰĽһɯɯŮӺܾˣҿ˭ûиߣҪΪСɯɯûǸ˼þ˼ĽܴܲУϾһӾݵ̴㣬һ鳡ϵˣСֵܴܰ͸һаʽСɯɯͻԹԵ˳ˡ
ǵЦЦżа֮⣬Ľɲ֪Ӻοڡ
鳡һ񣬻㲻ϣһϲͨ
̵ľٶĽԷֻǶڵеˡ
棿
Ľૣ֪ôشԷˡ
ϲһŮӣһҪԷע
һ㶼ĻֻԵ޷ˡ
Ľ̬ƽĻʱõ˺һͬ
СɯɯһֱĮƶûȤӣһҺǷա
ܼ򵥣ֻҪöԷоˣ֪˵ԣһҪ˽һʱ򣬺ǸץסĻͿ˽㣬Ǹʱὥϲ㡣
ĽЦڣҲ֪Լ˵ĶԲԣǣҪԷһ顣
ԵʲôãԵȻԳɹ
һϯʤʮ飬Ǽʶˣʲô鳡֡
̶̼仰ҶٿéĽ֣ллˡ
ҳɹˣһϲǣϲơ
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ڵˣùĽɺȻʵ
Ѿ뿪ϣ޳ˣڳݵĵشǰУϾҪһƬ֮У˵ﾭкǿû
ڵ˵һˣԸǰˣĻѧõ֪ʶء
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Ҳǣ׼Ʒħˣ̴ҲԽӴǱôˣȻҪڸˡ
ûڵĽɲɵһЦ
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Ǻôûôõء
ԹԼ
ĽɾĬ棬ٴ¶Ц֮ɫ
Ϊûɥʧ֮ǰȻ˵Լɱħ޵õġ
ǣʵûˣֻ˵Լˡ
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˵ĺϸûаɣΪĽȫ֪һ㡣
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׳ڵħʦ̵СӵĶӳҺɣЩص㣬صڼǰճһҫĿİâݣҴûп
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ĻĽɵĶУЩء
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ȻûпòģǴһ㣬Կӵвɸ˵
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Ȼǵˣôѡ
ĽɺͺΪˣˬֱףǸӣûаα
ַ棬ͣԣǳԸͺΪѡ



223 Լ·ñ˵ȥ
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ʵܿӰ飬˶ţҺơ
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224 
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226 
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228 Ҹ˼
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ĸȥϹҪѯһЩĽɵ飬㻹ʵɣҪƭǷǳʱڣ֪ĽɣǣҲҪأھ˵ûаΣա
ΪܵһЩǣ˾ѣҶܵСĴȻļҲòȥǣȻ壬ΪҪǣǸ֪Ľɵվһߡ
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ԳӰ߲ʹ⻷ٶȣ˲١
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ԼѡģĽĳûйϵִԲҲˡ
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ղŵľЩ³çǸĽɵʵɲ⣬ոսĽףǿıԴ֮Ȼ֪ʲôǣΪʲôûбԴ֮׽أһɻ󲻽⣬ƽ̫ˣѾˣӳǻһ޳ɣֻļҴĻˡ
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κһۣҲϾܵ˼Ĵ
СػȥɣϾļҵˣȻûʲôΪѪԵϵڣԺһ˳磬£ļҲٹܣһкԼе
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ǣ飬ȴӡ˵Уĥ
һʲǵУ֣Ľɡ



237 
һ磬̻ص֮С
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˭Ҳ֪Ľ֮䵽׷ʲô顣
ǣһŮ⣬ǾĽ㣬롣
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԰ձ絤ҩµʱϡ
ⶼһˣû꣬ѵʲôⲻɣ
ǧڰɫܣϸ۲һ֮Ӱٴʧ
ΪĳĽɵ״̬ãû˿߻ħļ
֮£ֻüȴ



238 
ת˲ţƽ˾Ȼڡ
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239 ֲܰ
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ĿľΪɸ߲㽻ĽɼˣΪʥߡ
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ܴɱˣ޹ʲɱħʦֻܶ׶֮˳֡
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򵥵ĵ򵥵ĹЩʱӵһЩƵ񣬱ʥ߱Ҫݷе˵ҲһȽȤ顣
ʶܶѣԹκŮӣҲṴ㣬ǣ÷ǿݣÿ춼һˣҪȥɱûУֻҪ˵ĻҪȥִС
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242 ǽڣԼ
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ûУһҲʤôɡ
һĨЦݣ߽һ֮С
ǣƶҤһƧ䡣
һСľݣȥªľ֮ڣȴǬ
Ľһ֮Уĸ֡úһģһ
һĽɫ̨һʯû˿
Ľڸ̨·еĽ飬Ľ򿪡
һҳйõϢѾˣȡ֮֡
һ̨̣֮ϣⱬ֮£һɫӡ
ĽĽʮöƷҩ
ЩҩΪ侳ôǽЩҩ棬˷ǿǣĽУȴû̷¡
εĻеʥ߶ҩΪȫͣԲ磬ٳ޷ͻƣȻǵҩ֮дʲô覴ãһ覴ö涯ֽš
֪Լһ鲻ʲôΪʥߣ֪һ࣬ȻҲĽķ֤ʱûа취Խ
ĽԥС֮Ȼҩ̷ȥδΣȣʵΪؼģûпʼȵˣǲһӺ硣
ϥ£ҩĽɽ֮С
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Ǿٰӡ
һӿһƬæµ
ǶȥλӵģкŹ壬Ҳƽա
ǹ幫ӻͨˣƽȵģҪݳҪԼλӡ
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ٰص㣬ڱ֮
һԲεĳأ羺һ㣬ֺ
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ǱǵˣеѶҲ׷׸˹Ƕķ˿
ڻ᳡һ̨֮ϣһͦӰĬȻ
Ľɡ
ûڻһҵõʱ򣬶Է͸Լ飬ԣһ
ŮӣѾܾûпˣ֪ԷΡ
̣ȻĽ⣬ǣĽѾ˺ܶŮӡ
ԭֻһһкõĽ
оǣԷ֪Ƕʤݵˣ֪ĻһԼ
Ϊ֮Ÿң޷ıģǧĳԹһȥѸٹ̡
վ̨֮ϣ·ˣĽһĨǳЦ
û뵽Ȼ𱬵ֵز
·һտĸ̨֮ϣһȹƮƮľɫŮӳ档
ΥģϤӰ롣
ĺŮһ㣬ֻԶۣ¡
ĳ֣ʱһ
ĽɿһĻЦݸŨ
лл룬һλӣ֪һ᲻롣
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ȻĿʱݣţǲġ
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ĽˣòΣ벻ʱ򣬶ԷȻԹԼ
˵ĸϤٴֳ˲һƬ
쳾гߡ
ĪЦ̫տ
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ǵĵ˱㡣
Ϊ
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̨֮ϣ֮⣬һɫ۵ӡ
Σյ̨֮ϣǲСˤȥ³עǡ
ǣΣնĽ˵ȫԺԲˡ
Ϊﵽ컯֮󣬱̤շУĽĿ˶Էʵ컯Բ
ɨ˶ԷһۣջĿ⣬ڹע
һ֮󣬽ҪˣȻЩɨˣҲġ
ԵĻԸΪһֱȥܻġ
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ŪӰ˼䡣
ת󣬵粻ߡ
Ӧкޣ³ʱԲ
бϣԲȱ¹ȫ
Ը˳ãǧﹲ濾ꡣ

û뵽̰ӽ̸Ľ㣬֪ô
ĽҡҡͷЦм֮ų̵һζԻ
ҪһߣȴĽɾܾˣʱĽɸһɡ
ʵСܸһΣ޷Ȼȹ
һǿˣһ㡣
һܣҲһڣȴǵˡ
Ľ֪̻ص֮󣬱Ǳչؿޣֻһ顣
֮Уһ˿
ӣıݣ뻯һ㣬Ľһ̾
һˣĽſ˫Ҫˡ
ʱĻȻһ
Ľɫһ䣬һΣʧԭء
һ˲䣬Ӱ˸߿֮ϣСĴӻͳǱ顣
򿪵һҳհ֮һּ
ɱ䴵Ѫ
˵ĽܣûдϺ
ǣĽ֪겻Ծֻ·һ
ṩϸ꣬Ľ˳ŷȥΪһɫ磬ʧߡ
һ֮УĽɴ˳һ󺺣˿ȫޡ
ĽɿŴ󺺣˫֮Уû˿
ɱ˶ᱦǿŮ˷ߺ޵ŮŹʵ
Ľɵ˵ּ䣬һŻ򣬽󺺵ʬΪҽ
ͬʱ̸ֳ֣֮ĽȻ֪ҩѾ͵ԼĴ֮С
ӽ֮Ľɳй֮⣬˷Լȡҩ
ӷظԶֹͣһ㣬˵һʥûɡ
ֱĳһ죬еĽɽӵһʷѶߣΪΣյ



243 ص
ɱǣ
ĽɺϽɫ鼮֮Ӱ˲ʧ˴֮С
̷ͨҩΪѾﵽڣ벽ʼֻһ֮ң
ݽϵʾĽ˱֮⣬Բǧ֮ڣĹϽ
һƬϪˮԵʱ˴еĿꡣ
һΡȻӣ䱳һ׻ͼڡ
ͷܳһСӣŻɫ̿㣬ɢһɷŵϢ
Ļֶ֣̌Ȼֵʱ򣬶ԷȻˡ
λʥߣż֣ĳ˵ɡ
תӣŨü۸߱Ӣʼѣ˿һ΢ЦĿĽɡ
֪ҵݣ
ĽˣͫȻһأǿҵĸоǰ֮˺ܲǡ
۷ΪĽɿıʵΪһ򵥵
ǣԷ˵֮齥ò
ûΡǧꡢȥî꼻̡
ԼĽɣʮʥߣҿ˵һ֣
ǿĽɣһЦ˵
ĻĽһ̶ӽ
ԷȻ˵ʮʥߵţ˵˽⵱治١
ȻҪɱңڿԶˣҵ֣Ѿ֪ˡ
ݣǵǽ֮˵ɡ
һЦĽɵ⣬֮ɫ
˵꣬ǰ˼⣬ǿ
Ȼˣˡ
Ľкâһɱˣ³ֻлȪǱִе
һˣȻ֣߲ʹâӿ֮ٶʩչԴ֮
һķչռ䣬㶨Ȼ̤벻׹Ϊʼ档
ǣڵʵûɱҵʸ񡣡
ǿĽе߲֮أһ˿ɵ
ǣȻЦ˲ת䣬Ľɲа֮⡣
ԷʵҪսپȡһֳʤܡ
һ߲ʹâŨ
̧𣬻ɫâ֡
һɫУ˲֮С
Դ̤һʩչ˻֮
Ȼܲ붯ǣǿǰòó
Ҫһ֮סԷ
У뷨ɱǣҲ޷ɱԷ
ΪǵʵԶ֮۷ֻһˡ
ĽкâŨͬʱ̧˫֣ɹâʱ
߲ʹâɫâ֯һڿпں˴˼ûаҡ
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˷ܣǧ꣬˶һ㣬˷ȴĽһء
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ǣǰĲ꣬ȴû˿ܣҪӲ
׻ͼڣ
ǵͺһ׻ͼͻȻһʡ
һ޴ĻɢһֻͰ׻Ӱ׹֮˳վ˹Ļǰ
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Х˺ѵһ㣬Χءľ׷״ݻ١
ƬؿʼѣʯΪĩϪˮĽ˷

һȻЦˬ֮⣬˳
Ľɼ״ɫ˲ȥΪʥĵһ
ĽɣǿһͱҶ˰׻֮ʵϱǿˡ
ҲƢһЩǣֻܹҵս⡣
ǵĻĽ˵ǡ
ӶԷĻУеһ˿Լûв´ԷѾ˽˱ԣҶʤ֣ˣôĶʲôѲҪŪʥߣˣԷһʲôĿġ
Ľ˫üһͺһȻóǱ顣
ôҪ֮һΪ㻹ʲôֶΣԭҲˡ
ʮʥʵ̫ǵȣ֮ǧ
ȻôսҲ
ҡҡͷ̬ǳЦζĽɵΪǲм
Ľû˵ǰĽɫ鼮͵׳
ʱǰɢɫâַԲ
֮ԴĽ֪÷֮󣬴ûжù
Ϊ֮ǰҪɱ֮ˣʵϲԴ֮òϡ
ǰʵǿ⻹ص㣬صʥߵݺʵָơ
֮鶼֪ӶԷĻ֮Уһ˿ء
ˣ׼ȷ˵ݵıʿ
ģĽȷе뷨ΪԷõĲݵ֮һ
ܵõԷİ׻һƻǣǿ֮ǰģӵǰһЩ
ǵĽ뵽һݣݡ
ݵʿӵͼڵ֮Уйؼأں֮۱ͼڡ
˿̣ĽɿŶǣأԷȻݵˡ
Ľû㹻֤ݣҲ޷˵ԼоҪ̫ƽˡ
ΧƣĽɿһУ˫֮лҹ߲ʣȻӿֶ
ɲͬĽȫʵһΣҪʩչǿһ
ȥˣԷͬ᲻롣
˻֮
Ԥ֪ƽδ֮
֮
֮һ𣬺
ɫһĸоĽҪʲôʱζĿ⡣
һصĿĽɣ֪Ľûеô򵥣ٽϱ֮ǰľŸʥǿϲ١
һ̤䣬޲
˫һӣ
ɲͬĹâ۵˽ɫ鼮֮ϡ
һ̣֮鱬һɫâȫ˽ȥ
漴ıϸ΢ı仯һɫ鼮Ӷɫڽɫ֮Եøۡ
ǿһĻ֮ϵĴݡƽ֮ɫ˲ʧ



244 θ
û뵽ڵʵȻԿ֮һ˿֮ĺǿϱǾŸǿ˲ֹһ
ǣҿӵеһ˿֮ԾɲҵĶ֣ҵļ磬ұס
ΪףܸܰһʿǵĿݣ㣬ĳ֮ˣֻһĿģǾռݡ
˵ʥߺߣ޷ֹǵļƻܿ죬ϱھͻ´򿪣ͼ»֣ʷд
ʿΪݵף
ףһЦƺѾ׺嫴½ĻԻ֮ա
еĽʩչ֮Եúг
θˡ
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Ǵϱڣһսˡ
Իʧܣ޷ͳ嫣Ϊûп
Ľ̬ƽĻɫ˲һҪ˺͵ӡ
סڣô֪ûʸֻһĵط˾֪ȵӡ
춼ɱ¾֮жȹֻжʤݣǣǲŽᣬеֻ໥ƺͶթûаΡ
ݵʿΣڤѾΪǵĸѾռݵԴѵԤ֪δɣߣһ֮˶ѣǿ
ǲмĽɵгЦвš
˵ûҵȷԤ֪δԣʸô˵
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ĽһŶԷȻһָ޾İ˲ʹâŽɫ鼮ֱǺХȥ
ٶ֮죬˲ϢѾǵ֮ҪһһҵԷ
ǿſֲ٣ŭһĽɵ͵Ϯ׼ŭ

һ컢Хǿз
Ϊˣ𾪷ƣʹð˲ʹâ˲͡
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һ˲䣬˲ʹâײǵ֮
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ըԽԽ󣬾˱֮вˣܶ˶׷׳￴ȥ
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ը籩Ľɵ¶֮ɫ˿̵վһߵ֮ϣԶĢƣ˼֮С
ܲԷϢˣǣһʱչԷʵԶԼ
ĽɣҪɱ㣡
ŭȻĽɵĶС
ɫȻһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷϷ
һ̣̳һɫ鼮
֮飬Ѿȥˣ˿̾ȻصԼС
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ܵ£ܻǵʵϱĽɻҪǿһЩ
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Ƿһŭ֮𣬻һ׹ӿһӴĻͷ
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Ľжнɫ鼮ʱһȣЩɻĿŽ顣
û뵽ؼʱ̣ᷢıʡ
˼ٷ鼮һ֡
Ѿ¶ٳ˵أԶǣԷʵΧ
ڣ̻صԼĴ֮Уȴϲһָʾ
ݲΥɱ⣡
֮Ľ΢΢̧ףϿһŭݵǣȻѹȻתűǿٷȥ

Ƿŭһֻ޴צ֮ӰȻ۶צӣ˲
Ľûлͷӿٶȣص֮УϲʾѾǵݣѾֵܲˡ
ң¶ԼԤ֪֪֮ǣԼ˵ϲûпǿˣôֻһѡ뿪ݡ
֪Դܱ֮ܲ˶ȡǿԵĻ޾ΣС
ΪֻҪˣԤ֪֮ڰѰµˡ
ڵȫĹȫ뱴֮С
ĽɵӰڣͻȻһʵŭ𣬶ԷӰȻͣ˳⣬֪ǲҽ룬޷롣
Ľɸо˳⣬ǵĲŭԼЩ⡣
ǣû˿ͣһΣʧ˱֮С
ú󣬼ӰĽɸոʧĵط
˶һۣԿ˴е֮ɫ˿Χ֮תȥ
㣬ˣĻˣ벻ĴԾȻġ
ôöûңĲҡ
һŸ¥֮Уһ۰ȹԳһЦڡ
ԣվһʤѩŮӣ롣



245 ɷ
п԰ɣٴλʵ˲١
ڻûгΪĽħʦûа취
֮ǰ˵Ļֻһڰˡ
̾һҡҡͷɬ
֪ĺһ棬ҳǸʵĺǿ
֪ȥֻΪ׸Ҳȥ
ֻٿһۣҲ󡣡
΢ͣɫįҪĽɵӣֻһۣҲ֪ˡ
ɵѾͷҪˣЩǿġ
㣬ͻģԵһ˵
ο˼䣬ΣԼСã֪˵Щʲô
ĽɣĻǶԻǴΪʲô
ѵʲô𣬶ң㾹ȻΪ˵ʥߡ
û˵ΪʥΪʥĴڡ
κ˲ۣΥ
ĽɻصԼĴ֮Уϥ
µͬʱ̨֮ǽӿ֣һŨŨҩ˱Ƕ
þŨҩ
ĽоһȻ̧ףŸ̨ϡеһöɫ衣
ڴ˿̣֮΢΢ȣĽɺԥĽ򿪣дż֡
´˵
ԣ
Ľɿ֮ɫ˲ȥڰеĵ裬˲
öҩҩǿֻһţĽǡ
ţֻҪ´˵Ȼ̤Բ磬Ϊ벽ʼ档
ǣͻȻ뵽һйʥߵҪ⡣
ʥߵΪֹ۷壬Զ޷ͻơ
εʱģĽɼǵ
֪ǰĵҩһͣΪйء
ǲԣֻ·һ
ǳˣҲѡԶﲻ׹
Ԥ֪֮׹ôԶֻܿԼ׳ûС
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ߵ̨֮ϣǰĺɫ裬ƣŨŨҩɢħ
ĽһȣƸոƳһ㡣
ڱǼ⣬һ֮ûаԥ븹У漴ϥ
Ϊ˻ȥûѡأ˵ʵǣĽȻᷴԡ
ΪҪľʵ̤벻׹ʼڵġ
ŵǸʱԼһнͻƵķ»һһɡ
ҩڣ˲ΪŨŨĽɵţʵһּΪֲٶš
ûı꣬ûҩķ
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һ뱾ǩЧԼΪʥߣԵõͻƲ׹Ļ㽫һ޷ͻƲ׹Ϊʼ档
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Ľɣѡʧ֪ߣֱˣĸоǣǹǿԭǶʤݵˣˣҲҪˣȻѡԷΪôڿʼ֮ǰ̣ȥڱѾݵˣŵʱһڽյѡ񣬺ˣҪȫȰ㲻ҪĻһֱɱ㡣
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ϵŲмӣٴ
ȻûƾԪǣӵ޷һϲϲŭ֣ΪʵĶֻоһˣ⾳̶̤벻׹ΪǿͻƲ׹ܳΪʦ档
һ޷ﵽڵĳɾͣǣӵһζĻᣬǷȱĶܳɹҽӵԼЩңҪȥɡ
ĽĳֻҪԼԼ·㲻ס
Ľɻվɫ԰ףڴϢΧĴǳЦڡ
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һʹ࣬Զɱ㣬Ϊʹ죬
һڽЦ£Ľɵʧ˴֮С



246 
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һ꣬һƬݵ֮УĽɡ
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ģѣ֮кȻͷһʹ֮˲ǰһڣԹȥ
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ĵ΢΢һЦߵǰĶһ仰
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ʵĽҪ˵Щʲôȴ˵ֻĿŰĵ΢ЦʧԼǰ
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Ҫѧ֪㣬ѵͿԱ̵ֿ֤֮һһĽ𣬼㣬ŮҸ𡣡
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Ϲ̬¶꣬԰˼֮С
ĸ˵ҴѣǣȻ֪ˣΪʲôӦСóء
뿴һԵŮӣ¶֮ɫ
չ㲻ȥģĽɲһһ죬»ָʵﵽһǶҪĲΡ
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Ľɣ㵽׻᲻һϲء
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Ȼй涨ҲɽǣǽˣΣǣҷǽɣյĶ־ȻһˣǹȻѪ顣
ȻǶƣҽ֮ƻһ˿һԾûޣΪηݡ
Ľɣлл㡣ҿδһĻҾȥϲƣ˭ҲסңǱϾˣܲһݴء
ǴЦſӣǵ˽ȥ


247 ɣ
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ܿ죬һѾ׼һ˵Ӱˡ
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ǲŴţĽıһˣ˿ۿЩš
ˣ˵˼ףȻֱϯλá
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һĺһϵӰӣ߽֮С
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ĽɿŶԷ¶΢ЦϿҡ
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ĽǷԸȢΪޣ֮ǰΪһ壬ο㰮Լһ򽡿лƶʼֱ뿪磿
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ǰһˣȺһЦ֮󣬻ȥ



248 Ҳ㣬㲻
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΢ЦУĽɿһɫɴ̣ڡ
ҵɡ̲һЦӣĽɵĶƤ˵
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ĽɣƽĿһǸλӣһӡ
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֪㲻ûԵɵĹǣ벻Ϊʲôҡ
ѵڵңʲôֵõļֵô
Ľԣɫ䣬ǣ˫˲⡣



249 
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ǵĻĽƽˮݣһ˿
û뵽ԷȻ֪Ԥ֪֮ĴڣϾǲǶʤݵˡ
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ңǼµʲôʱģǼ´󳬺ǵϣȫǲܷ顣
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Ϊδ֮УǷ档
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253 
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аɫòѿһתԵͷĹ޺ϡ
ҵġ
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޺Ķͷ֪ðһ亹Ϊ˻ֻʵʵ˵
Ľɵ飬ڶʤݸܣе˶֪ˣȻ˵
ԭǹ޺󣬺ųħڶʤСȻ񵺣Ǹаٺôǲ֪񵺵ĿʲôĽǸСӵλãҲаİɣˣаôɳڶʩչŲǰǸΣյطءϾЦ
аˣ˫üһҪӡ
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ڣУ޺ֻһṩϢĹ߰ˣֻҪԷͻֻһҵԷ
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̤侳֮ΪٶΪ뿿ɽڵȡһûгɹ̫ϿͼҴˣͬʱ¶һ˿ϢԷǲ컯ʿչ׷ɱߵĹУһϷĽɡ
ʱ뵽ǽսΧ֮ڣ뿿ɽڵһʦײԷŭ֮ҪɱǸʱһƣԼŷ棬ܼΣգʱϣպʵָȥȡأҽĽɵĵԱߣʩħ֮󣬽͵һԶĵط
Ժʱ֪Ĳֻ֪࣬ɱ¾鵺һЩԵΪٱǣȻȥڣЩĽǰ飬ԷλԤ֪֮ģҲ֪ǣȷϡ
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ˣѾ֪ҪĴ𰸣Ԥ֪֮ͷ涼ĽǸСӵϡ
ڷ棬һ뷨ҲǺҪҿԴӦаܣ»㱨ȥҪһ
ת˵꣬һаԷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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ǶϾ˵ôиõĶܾǰõˡ
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255 Ƿ̫
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256 һԶ
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257 
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ȭʤϵ顣
ڵ޼ŵĿУǵһȭ˶Է֮ϡ
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һʲҺ£ʥߵ޼ǰһڣȻڵϣȫޡ
̶ʱ䣬˾Ѿ˾Ÿʥߣʲôࡣ
ô󣬴ͳвֹһƵ˹ЩԾ
ԭ֪ϲȡһЩֶΣ֪Ľɣ㵽ʲôʱ
֮󣬰̾˿ŵϵʬ塣
һ֣һ㣬ʬ廯Ϊĩޡ
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ʱ䣬Ǻæµÿһʱͻʥ߹
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һ⣬ȫУɱˣʱͻµʥ߲ϣһǺǲ⡣
Ƕǣʱ֮࣬ѵʲôʣ˵ݱ¶ˣܵϲע⡣
ˣôɾΣˣ˵ϲע⣬޷ȥ֧Ԯ
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һ飬ʵԽǴ鷳Ҳûа취
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̾һ֮һΣ˲
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ʼ棬ᡢϾаǳӡ
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Ԥ֪֮ȫ޵ʱ򣬻֮䣬ȴܾһʱŻ
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˿̺Żɫ«Ĵţ֪Щʲô
ʼ֮УΪɵľϾˡ
ûеĹˣ߳ǰ
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֮УͨʯûǵУֻһ֤ͨˡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ݡ
һڰе½ء
ϣһϽ𹬵ֺ룬ΡȻ
ףˡ
ʤݵʲôѲҪս𡣡
ҿֻʼ棬񵺵ĺᡢϾаǶˣ˭ԸȥӴһ¡
ȥɣϾڵĵطҵĹϽ򡣡
ǳȥˣҪʲôϷڴְ
ˣһȥɣкʧǰ
ͬ
£ڵľŸˣˡ
ʱ˿̣ǰеĺˣ׷ͣ˽Ų
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ʲôˣ
аüɻ֮£ѯ
һЩˣǺ񵺵ģ֪Ҳ
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Ц˵ǰޣȻŤ
ǵǰȻ۵ӰȻƣǵء


258 þò
Ʈ˪â͸ƶ
Ӱ޴ȫ
ԷòģϢûа¶ȡ
ᡢϾλѾ¼񵺵аɡ
ɳƵЩ̶ЩɭȻвϡ
ԣû˿Ц֮⣬֪ǰ֮ӵȨ
þò
ͬǾԹʩ
ǹֵһ̣Χ˲Ťۺɢ
Ͼü΢أ˼ʼ֮ײֻƣҲżĶ
üĿһȻâӿǿٶȱǡ
߻۹ĵݣĿâи֡
ɲǣɺ֮ײʹ˫˷׷׺һξ롣
аҧҧųо棬ɫЩѿ
ʱ޷ֳʤܣѵҪһֱȥɡ
ǳȥǵļƻǲ
аʶصĿԶдˣжԺһ˿䱸
ǶԷһףһףҲõĽڵķ棬ʱɾˡ
ǺĶ֣Ҫս
ܹ֣ܾˣ뿴һĻ
ûô򵥣ֻǼ򵥴кѣͷϷں棬ȻݵʱڣǶԶʤʿĳ޻ǺģöԷйߣǸûн͵ĻᣬҪ뿪ˡ
Ͼҡҡͷƽˮû˿ǡ
аԣаһ֪ĽһıʱϵԽãԽǵǡ
Էں˷֮»ָΪʱɾǰˡ
ѵû취𣿡
аڣΧŰȫ£â֡
ǧҪ֣Ǽս֣ôݵϲǽ׷ɱһǲݣǸʱ򣬱˵ִܻܲŻȥ⣬ĳۻϹô޴ԵģϾݵΣʱ̡
Ͼһ۱ǿа˼ҡҡͷаֻ֮
ǵŶĳޣҵȺôҲǶʤʼ棬ﲻӦִܵ
Է˳ˣû𡣡
аųеˣ޵籩ϯ
ǵϿգȻѿһ޴ɫѷ죬ںɫ֡
һ̣һ㣬ֲѾаûԡ
˶Էһȣ˵˳󲻴󰡡
ڲŶԷԷ㣬ҪȵۻҪŭ
ϾԶĶˣ¶һ˿ζЦݣºû˿ϵȫڿ֡
ôãѵҪǳ𲻳ɡ
̬ȻûʲôΪΪһû١
аˣ̬˲м׹֮ľҪѡ
ۻ˼Ǻ޺ᣬôľͻֹڴˣľͣͣҲʹΪ
ҿһ
ϾһЦųԵˣΧ֪Щʲô
аǸˣѾǣס˶ԷȥĽɰɡ
Ǽȥûиֲʤܡ
ǲ֪ǵ뿪Է˻᲻ͬ⡣
һڶа˵ֺ
ΧɫոŲһ£һ̣ǰһ֮ˡ
ǻˣǲ֪ܲסء
Ͼǰİ֮ˣ赭д˵
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ϡɳƵӶԷİ֮дȻҲһߡ
ϾЦݣһǰߡ
ͬһʱ䣬аǰͬһ֮ˣסȥ·
Ե޹̤ڣûһֵɣǲжġ
ۻɳƵĶС
˵ʱ򣬻죬икâ˸
㻹ӣʱ֮ãҵĳޣûз¡
㣬ΪҵĶ֣ΪǸһεˣľΪ̫
ڣǼڽ֮ɫۻԣûʲôӦ
ÿ
Цɫ˵
˵ɣ
ۻӲɽһʾӡ
׽öʤͽ
̵ĻشǷܣҲʵ
ߣΪһɣ˵Ϸ𣿡
ۻһȻԷ˵ǣš
˵ʵǽӵϲ׽֮ΪĽɣǶʤֵĺס
ӵ֮У̤һ̣Ѿˡ
ԣ˽ǣĻҵֻԼѰˡ
Ȼǰۻڼȥ˼ҵĵ̣ٿĵ
ǹȥ
ۻȻڣ˵꣬ӲһˣлһĨɫһ̣ΧŰɢȥкɫѷϾаһۣԿ˴еĲ֮ɫ
ǵ˻ص˵ۻߣĬĿźˡ
ȥɣҵˣ뿪򣬷ĻݹϷ顣
԰գۻĿ˺һۣתУʧ˰ա
һԵߣ׷תӰ
ЩԾ
ڶԷʧһ̣˫üһϾаڡ
ǲԾǼΪ
Ͼһ䣬üһ֪Щʲô
Ҫôˣȥ׽ĽɰɣֻҪץȥǵˡ
ʱ򣬼Էǵ鷳Ҳȫˡ
аˣ˵УĽɲΪҪġ
ûô򵥣ڸܲĽɵϢ
ҡҡͷε˵һа
ǽһ̣ĽɵϢûˣ˼һ㣬ļֻֿܡϾ֮ٴοڣһѾˣںϷ档
Ͼµ˲䣬аɫȻ䡣
ôܣһСôεʱоܡ
ⲻܣԲܡ
аŭһ̶ŤŭȻ졣
ڲ׹ʼͬΪҪаܲԷһ˿ϢԣмĿĽѾ˷棬Ľġ
ûж÷棬Ҫνͣѵȥݲɡ
ĽײģϾԤ֪֮ػ
Ͼҡҡͷа⣬ʧ
һ취ҵĽɡ
һ仰һŭаеʱϲ
ʲô취
аȲʵ
ȻԷ˷֮һ֮չء
ǸطػسΪǿػԲҽ״̬
ڣɫһƬ䣬΢΢ףԶ
ǰǣϸѰ
£ֻĽһʧԭء
ٶȣﱴǣ
һ̣˵ĶС
ϾаɫأΪ֪ᶯˡ
˶һۣ׷׵ͷһӰʧ˰ա


259 ֪
Ϊʲôǣۻ
ںᡢϾаߺ֮ǰߣٴγԭء
Һ뿴ǵ׺ĽʲôϵļǵãĽɵǲ֪Ѱһˣʲôô
ۻɳƵһҲˣԷˣɵ¶Ц
ҪһˣҿǸҲĽɡ
Ľǵһܾ׹ջʥߣüֵߣʵǿ
Էѡ˵һҲǱ֣֮ΪڵҪġ
Ȼ˵ôСǣֻһ˿ʵҲˡ
ϾЩϼһΪ޷ˡ
˵ҧгƺǷߺһ㡣
˵ĽӦˣǣԷһˣжȻһԭ򣬵ݵʱҾ֪Ӿ򵥣û뵽Ϊʥߣֿס˲׹ջԸϵΪΪһˣԺҪкϷˣţ᲻һ޴֮
ۻЦһһߵ⣬һ˿Ȥ
ǲҼʲôʱһҿǽĽڵȡĸɸɾıԴ֮Ҷϵˣһڣһ˼ĶĽɾԻꡣ
߷ߵ˵ȫΪԼʧ֣һ֮󣬶ͬĵ˵ͷ
ˣҲ˵ʧ֣Щ޷Ԥϵġ
˭֪ʱ䣬᲻ᷢʣЩʱһЩԸı˵һ
ۻ˼һ֮Ц˵Զһ˿Ц⡣
߰ɣϷҪʼˡ
˵꣬Ӱʧԭء
ԣɫصĿǰ

˭
ǲȥǵѪǰˣгȻ֮ɫ
ǣûԾſˣղŵһν棬ǸܵΣӦ죬֣ڵ𵱳
ȻûǵȷҶ˵ط
ĽɵĻҲһǿ
ǰСȻ֪ĽɵĲ֮ˡ
ḩ·꣬Ǹոյﱴǵʱ򣬾ͷ˶Է
Ϊ֮УֻҪǵϢΪǿᡣ
ΪҪǣԷԼһ֮£Ȼû
СʶĽ𣿡
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Ҳ׹ʸ䣬Ǻĵ
ʶ
ԣɫûа仯ſˣ̬ᶨ
ʶǾˡ
ˣںʼ硣
һԵϾа״ùŹ
ڱǰ˵ѣ֪ʲô𣡡
΢иһЩʱ򣬺Ȼ̤㡣
һɼΪǿƣǧȻ¡
ɫһףѪӵʱſڵϡ
䣡
ſµһ̣ͬµĴغȻѿ
ǲʣҲ޷վֺ
һ̤֮ѹסǣöԷû˿֮
ңĽģ
̳ǵǰſڵĶԷʵ
֪
ǷһǰӰ񣬸зŭ
ı󣬾޴׻֮ӰֶƱһ㣬Х
ף֮ˣǾݵĲˣںʿеͨȻ㲻Ը˵Ľɵ䣬ðɣȫ㣬ÿԳΪ֮е֤ͨ㣬ǵĻʱˡ
̾һ֮ǰıɫȫȡ֮ϷŰ
һԵϾˣ˲ȥ
аһ֪Ĳ̡
ƽԷһĮģٿһĻ
ǣԷֶμΪѪȲпᣬֲֿ棬ӲܺߵϿ
˵𣬺ãܺá
˺ĻһŭݵĿû˿ش˼
ˣɫ˲ȥȻһŲǵϡ
׻ſڣҪһȥ
ǣкâһȻһ̤䣬ǿҡ
һ̣׻֮ӰŲŭ˲飬Ϊޡ

ʹɫ԰ףƮ죬Ϣ˲ήȥ
ĺ󱳣ȻһѪɫӡ޴˺˼ˣҪһ
˵ǲ˵
̬ɣһ㡣
ɫѪŭĿӣĬ
Ҫֶܼá
ῴǣɱһû˿ŭһţȻ̤ȥ
һλãǶԷ֡
ǲһѡ
ƺһܾ޴ʹ࣬ûкӲҧס
ָһ°ɣ´ˣġ
㣬һȫһ飬Ϊһˡ
ָˣһȣȤѾܾûᵽˡ
˫¶Ц֮ɫƺʲô
Ҫһᣬһɱ㣡
ǿŸ߸ϵĺᣬһŭ
Ĭܾ֮һοڣԺѾ裬˿纣Хһ㣬Ʋɵ
ĺᣬɣֱһħ
аŲѪȵĳ棬ͷ֮ϲɵðһ亹
ⲻܹҪֶֻܹԷʶ̧٣Ѿûпŭˡ
ѾҲӷһ㣬˼£޷ǡ
Ͼҡҡͷڣһĺᣬη塣
˿̣ǣҺɽ˿ų֮ļӰ
ſڵϣشҲ̶õĳ棬Ծﲻѡ
ô죬ҪҪȥԮʵ̫ǿˡ
ȥˣȲǣ᳹׼ŭԷڵô찡
¿Զľǽ֮ɫԷһܽǴ
ǵʵǣ֮Կ˵
ֻţԷʵѾԽ䡣
ǵУͨûǵʵҺ
ֻĽʸΪĶ֣Ұ֤ܵǡ
𩿴ԶĺɫӰɫѿ
ʼ棡
̶֣ȴ˺ܾãŴĿУѵ˵˳
£ȫľһ㣬ɫ˲԰ס
һԵ̡롢¡Ϲʤԣɫ˲ѿȥ
һʱ䣬е˾ԳĬɽһƬ



260 Ľ
һ䣬˵ǲ˵
һ̤䣬ȵͬʱһϤ
ûбҪ˷ʱˣݵϼһڰмǵһһ
ǾҵĽɰɣչ֮ڸ׾ҵ
Ǻαظһֻϣ˷ʱء
Ͼ𣬺û˵ȴͣ˼̤ľٶ
ɫҰףֱڣȫĹѾѡ
ϾĻЩˣЩ飬֪ô
סԺҪȤʱͻȻ죬ĺ
̬ǿӲŨŨв֮⡣
Ͼ˶ʱƿԣԼʵᡣ
ͬвͬģֻ˭ʵǿ˭յľȨ
Ͼû˵ʲôῴԼ²ϴϢǣһ֮ջĿ⡣
ۻԴֻˣҵݣ͸ǵ
ȻתһƬޣ˵
һϤӰ̸ֶ˵ǿߡ
ֺ֮α˿Ϸֻлˡ
ɱ˱˲ʥߣҲһΪ²һֱûг׽á
˷ͺˣ˴߰ɣ֮飬ǲڲ룬Ա㣡
ۻЦ£һԵļ˹ȥŻѪǣһݡ
ʶܶĥ˵ķصķʽǼΪټ
һ˵̵ܹˣһ̬Ժˡ
һץǣûаսӣûж˵ʲôص˵ۻԡ
ھǰʱ򣬼񾭽Խ䱸¶ԷͻȻѣǶԷһɱ֮⣬û˿ֵ˼
ۻ˴ˡ
֮󣬵ڡ
һеǣûа㵣ġ
Է֫ˣȫѣû˿Ҫ޸ӣĶźᣬɱЩ
ιСĽʲôϵΪʲôҪǸңԴӦһ·ع
ۻǣʩչʶ֮
֮û˵һưͣ˿ڡ
ۻҪʲôΪҲ֪Щʲô
˽ϲһġ
ɫһ䣬˵ۻķæȰ衣
һֻ϶ѣᾪϲģǰС֪һЩǲ֪飬磬˵ͼжȻѰζԭҲҪ䱸ˣСһֵһᡣ
ۻǣһЦ
ԶĺˣѾۼһ
ŶԷһʱ˭Ҳûȥ˫ٶ뽩֡
ϾԷеһ̣ɵѿ˼֡
޷ѾõҪĴ𰸣ۻ֪ΣǸ֪ĽɵĿġ
¶һνӣ԰һתűڵһҵķ
Ҫع⣬а֪ܲܶȡɹԤ֪֮ڱصãʧܣҲҪϲŭ𡣡
䣬аɫѿ˵ʲô˵Ҳûá
ϾҲʼ棬ڴ˿̷ڧĻôһһ
һԸŹֵĿֲаǲĴڣֻڴԼһЩȡڽս֮Уõ棬òĻǾֻϵùˡ
Ҫ춯ˣ֦ڡ
˵꣬һΣһӰҵϿա
ᣬĽģ
ɭȻ䣬ɱ𣬼̶صڱϿգòɢȥ
һʱ֮е˷׷ȥźᣬ¶η塣
ҵ˶ʱ˷׷˺ɽ
̤ޣȻ۲쵽һ㣬Ȼһ˿Ц
Ȼ⣡
ϾаתףźɽĿ˲졣
ɽ֮ϣֻһƬде֣Щ
ǣ۷ں˵ֻСϷһ۱ܿеĶߡ
ǿźľٶûаԥ˵Ľɵ飬ΪҪ˰ǰΨһİ֡
ȻںǵжԹϵΪĽɣΪֵܣҪˡ
ˣĽɵһҲ֪ǲѰҴġ
ǣǼ֮⣬벻ԭˡ
Ǻ٣ڴϢ˼㡣
ڴ˿̣һ΢עڣϵļ
˵ȥֻҪĻشܹ⣬Ҵɷ㣬ϾֻݵһöӶѡ
ҿԸһܣΪ˹ռݣɳһȷ棬Щȷ棬ֻϲеڻҡ
ǸǷܷɣǶΪǵ뷨ֻЩڻǵע
ۻǵļ򣬳ŶԷһЦ
ԣɫ˲ѿʵԷ˵
ǣһеһжѾνˣֻҪĽɵԼػ
Ľɵӵз棬Ѿںе濪֮󣬻˽״̬һһаϢйʼҲǣԷʲô
ǳ˵ɫ˺ǵۻİ
ģѾȫںϣϱ֮ǰҪࡣ
ĽɵĲ֮֮аɣֻһˣֻƭΪ֮ˣʼ˵ûаôѾʼˡ
ۻ˵źľٶ¶ζЦݡ
ԣʶԸĻӶԷĿд˳
ȵĲǶԷ˻󣬶Ǽ˶ʼ漶
ʼ棡
ͬʱ֣Ժ䶯һݣǶǱĽɶ֪ĽʲôȻʼ֡
ŶԷӣȻ뵽һؼ֮Ԥ֪֮
ǰİ߸ûгֵ˼һֵ̬ȡ
û뵽Լ˵˷棬öԷġ
ȥֹǣǿǶȡ棿
ŵۻ̽Եʵ
֪ۻ뷨ֹᣬ̶УöԷɹߡ
ȿ˵ɣ񵺲Ϊһ棬һɳʼ棬жȻԭұֹһб䣬̷ݡ
ۻɫƽ˵Ļٴһ
ݣ
仰򣬾ʼͬʱ֣ǿһݣΪֲͬΪʼĺҲ޷ƳǴӵ˥ΪĴ
һ̣ʶˣ֮˵ĻеĻҪֲ


261 ս
򡣺Щףûгɣϲ㲻ͬġ
ôֻñԣ»Ҫؿǡ
֮ҡҡͷȻͬԷ顣
ΣҪСܲ˵ҪĴˡ
˵һһܣΪҲ˺
ۻЦڣ漴һۣҪӶԷıеõ𰸡
˿̣ѾҺɽ֮ϣ·֣¶һĨмЦݡ
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ڹâͬʱɽַһ㣬˲߽ɢ
һʵ˺ǰһɫ˺ɽÿһ䡣
ǣǵĿֻһǾ֮ľ޴壬ڲУ浽ʲô
˷һ˿Цڡ
ʱϾаӰҲԣɫصĿ·Ƶľ޴塣
ðԵĺ
Ͼ˵ȻܽԾɸܲĽɵ˿Ϣ
Ҹܵһ˿ϢĽɾ֮С
алһĨâǺڴˣͳˡ
ۻûߣҪڶô
Ͼһ䣬뵽Զ˵λʼ棬ɵЩǡ
֣֮ǰΪҪôĶ˵˶ǰֻҪϢߣǰԤеĲһһǵ͹ǸС֪Ķ
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Щص㣬صݵĴʿԼĵ棬޼ɵѰĽɣȻ֪ڼ˫ûн档
ڿǺһЭ飬֪ĽɵĿľʲôǣһԿ϶ǶԷҪȡ֮
ǿǰļˣ̬֮ء
棬ǿĽɱչ֮ǿжߣĽɾԻ
ˣɵĵһ
ǣŰеˣûз̫±Է
Է֮ͨȫӵʼΪ
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İɣСãһƽµġ
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뿴СõĽţ˶ԷС֣СһЩů
ⷬԼţʼ棬ǿμڡ
ΪĽɣȻһλ
ɴ˿ɼĽϵǼжôҪ
ΨڴĽɿƹضûκΰ취
Էǿг֣ǸﲻæΣ
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ڼڵĵ伮֮УȻйԤ֪֮ļأԤ֪δδ֮зĻ棬֮Ϊ֮˭õ
Ԥ֪֮ϹźģǼ֮ΪֲĴڣû֪Ԥ֪֮أδ޷Ԥ֪ģǣҲδƽһЩػᷢ飬ǰԤ֪֮ҵ˵һˣ֮ݺ嫣£޿ƥУݵһǿ߳ƺţʵ顣
ǣ̰̫ˣһα¶ʱе˶ɱȡԤ֪֮һʹսˣǳս֮Уܶǿ߶ˣǸʱһ֮ʮǿߣÿһһ˵ȥ̶Ƭ̣ʬҰѪɺӡ
һѪ̤ʬ֮ϣȺۣɱ̫ˣֻ֪֮ǴԤ֪֮Ǹ˷ֳ֣һΪԤ֪֮Ϊƽ֮
ۻ˵ǰĺᣬɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ԥ֪֮ٴγ֣ҾСϣҵնԷʱ򣬾Ȼûз֣ײԵҲɶʵɶ񣡡뵽з
ΪҵȽһ£ĽϵԤ֪֮ĻǲȱȫģǺߣǲڸ棬ǶȡϾΪ˲ȱԤ֪֮սֵ̫ˣԤ֪֮ζʲô֪
ۻǰǿͿ˵˵̬һ䣬ޱȣɱ
öԷԤ֪֮һģôݾû֮ԿʵҲһʱ򣬶ʤݽһͳ嫴½
ܵ˵ۻɱ·м˵
Ԥ֪֮
һ仰ʹϾаɫȻһ䡣
ԭΪ᲻˵˿̸߶Էȫư
ʵᣬûʵ
ɫ綬ŵۻûаɫ¶ŨŨļڽ֮⡣



262 ģģ
ߣ
ۻһ˲仯Ϊĩ¶ıĿ
ɫݣһͷڷƮ衣
˿Ȼߣһꡣ
ǣȴǳɣɱ
źһ̤䣬޲Уħӿ
ӡҲϻһΣ˲Ͼаǰ
˫۶ŵһʱ֮䣬˭Ҳûж֡
Ǵˡ
üĿһſ籩Űʹɫ䣬ƾɢ
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һ˲䣬֮ǰ
ǰлһĨɫȻһȭ档
СҪ𣡡
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ٴƮ죬ɫ԰ףû˿
ῴǵӣĵ˵ͷȻֱӵۻ
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Щʱ򼴱Ϊͬʵȴǲ֮ǧ˵ĶԲԣۻ
ῴŵۻǼڽûнԷһ㡣
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Ϊʼ棬һС֣Ͳ±˳Ц𡣡
ۻԣûжŭһ䡣
ǿΪУʲôֶΣֻҪܹﵽĿģǳɹˡ
ۻ㻹̫ˣʱ㣬ȫԳΪǰ
ΪٿΣҿԴ㣬ԡ
һǽУĿз˳

˹ϯ˷
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һͷ޴ӰȻ˸߿֮Уʼľںһ𣬻Ϊʵʡ
ۻţ̤ޣӲѪǣɫ˲
һѪûи飬ȴаǡ
ѪǺߣվڰУе˸ܵ˿ֲѹ
˫Ҫսһ̣ǵָ΢΢һ¡
͵һѪͣĴϢţɫ԰ףһ˫ƲϵĽעǵڣʤҲ׷׳ˡ
֣Űǻѹһ
лл
Ƿ΢ƣָǰ
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ǼѵĿڣĻЩ⣬ȴûаԥȻһȭ
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˼ˣɫѿǿ֮󣬲ɵ¶Ц
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ۼһ޹æͳһöɫǳȥ
û˿ԥվͬһߣ˭Ҳ˵顣
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벻ؼʱó
Ͽս죬ῴһ·ȺһûгȫԿۻ
ʼ֮սɷģֻҪһ˿ͻܵǾǿһ㣬ŸóȻֵģЩˣǸʱ򣬺͵ۻû
ҽ˵ۻȥʰǼֻϣҪ֮˭Ⱦָġ
뵽ǰɫףЩǱĵۻһЦ
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ľһ˵ĸһݵʿҪľ򣬾ݵϵͬľĸͬģ֮ľҪӿ̣Щʱ򣬻Էľɱ˶ԷҪ̣ΪľˣͻһӰ˵ΪͣͲǰ߸߻ħ
ۻΪû˿Ҳû˲ЩһֱչؿޣΪһѩǰܣܹɹôľٶԲǲܵĻٴζԿʱʵ֪һ㣬ʼմϷŰ֮ɫõۻеӰ
䣬Ҳɱ㣬ֻ·һ
һľʵķ޷ҿġ
ָŶԷŵĺ
ۻԣɫ˲ȥеʹ
Ϊʼô꣬Ψһһ޷ʩչľʵģһ˿תĻᶼûС
ʵǿᣬͨʼ޷սʤҲ֮УΪ׵Ҫԭ
ľʵ˵Ѳѣ˵ײףľɱḶ́׹ʼ˫ʵľ֮ıƴûǰһսڵۻʵں֮ϡ
ϻ˵ҪԤ֪֮Ҫһأ
ۻһâ̫һհ˷ǿϯƬռ䡣
еˣԻڵϣĿĹâǲӡ
ڻָеǣҲǻȻſ˫ۣϷİɫӰһ֮ɫ
ʼǿĿ¡
źӣɵЩľ
ǿУ̩ɽ侲ݣԷʵԶڵۻ֮ϡ
߿У޴ѪӰϹһ㡣
˫Ѫӣ˲ӣӵĻػʧȥģǲ塣
Ǳ˫ץʱָ
ĽɵĵҩȻʱҪá
ڵԴǰˣȻǿѾ㹻ˡ


263 塢
˺󣡡
ٴſ˫ۣȻ˴һ
¡ʤ졢̴֮ҽһξ롣
ǿǰɭ˿б亮â֡
Ľ֣Բˣӷ֮ѹ
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к˸ǵľٶɱй
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㣬ҵòĶҲõ
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촫ɽ塣
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һ̣ûаԥ̧֡ۡȭȻӳ
ϾаֹǸСҪĽɣʡ
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໣
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ۻҲǷһȣӭѪǣһս
ϾаһۣԿ˴еĿɬǶԿͬʼ棬û˿ᣬԷҩһճǣһʱ䶼ûУȫǻĴ򷨣ʱȥɱ·ǡ
һ֣
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һԥĳѪǡ
ῴԷһۣһƺ

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ۻѣǸһĨѪ鲼˺ۡ
ܹʼ棬ʵʵǿĿֲ
ף벻㻹ܻЩŬûа׷ѰΣѾش㣬ҵĶ֣ûʱ棬Ľڵһ̡˵
·Ʒһ㣬ȻתӻȡһѺɫ䵶Ȼźȥ
·ͻȻٶȼ죬Ǹתۼ䵶Ѿ˶Է֮
ɱ֮𲻹죬ʵǿӵĺǣҲҪҲҪɱ㣬ͷѪҵĸף
Ťźĳ˹ȥ
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̡룬¿֮󣬷˹ȥ
ĿųǣȻ̧֣ŶԷһץһǿʱǰΧ

ֲ֮㷴ӲܿƵķɵ˺ǰԷһץס˺
ƻҵ飬ֻû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ôܡ
ˣ·ɣһۻҵĽƣҪ鷳ˡ
Ľɳʱ򣬿ʬ壬һܾȺܷŭģ
ῴǣЦڣе
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˫΢΢ͣһ£ȴѾպϵ˫ۣٴμ
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̣
ȻԵŮӲˣ̳ź˹ȥ̴
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ƴҡͷްת˼
ֻһͷΪ֮ˣһУ


264 
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ûõģΪĽɣʲôˣȴû˿ֹļ󡣡
ʤˣ˻ԣҲʧȥսֻҺվ
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ڼ֮УܹΣʱվȼ壬ΣǣڵĸоһԼŮ޷
վ˺ʼǰûаɫ˿̵·ŷ֣Լˡ
Ľɵӣ޸ҺҸʲôΣգҶһԡ
ΪҵΣҪɱҵ๫Ҫһء
վڱ֮ǰźᣬ̯֣Ȼ񣬴ҡġ
ףСе˼
ԣûжŭ̵ӣ¶Ȥ
ñģĻô֪˵Ǽ١
ɫͽȻһ䣬ɭȻĿǰŮӣ׼˶Էؿڣࡣ
쵰ҶһͷĽǲŹģҪܣ
УǷŭĺѪٴվ

вУû˿£ͬЦһ㣬Ц
̤֮·Ļֻ˵ǶѾˣһӲĳˣûɱһһԼţڶһһγɰ׹ȥҿ⽫ͷ­ĸܵη塣
ɫĿǣûж֡
ϣֵñ֣˿Һ뿴СŮ޵ģʲôӡ
ĽɵģǲֱǼ겻壬ǿԼŭĽɣ͸ˣһڶʤݱΪħӣʲô˾̾ʵء
ǣΪָ˴Բʲô壬Ծֻһֻϡ
ῴǰ޾ɫ̣¶һĨЦݣ漴˵
ŭޣΣȻ๫ͻ¶ı飬Ŀȥȴ޷㣬ͻᵽôɱ㣬һһߵ֮ǰǾܿ˫һָ̣оһ
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ȻҪԭǺʵǿǵģԣֻ϶Է

һɴĿ̹˲Ƭա
ź¡һ죬аɫ԰ףƮ˹
һֵļһᣬ֮УֻС
аźᣬ˵Ƹ¶Էһ㡣
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ˣͰаһҵˣڣ䵱Լ
ʼ棬ͬʱǰľͱףб֮ǰΡȻ̣¶ͬ顣
Ͼҡͷ̾¶һ˿֮ɫ
аһͣҪ˲ɱԷǺûпڣ
˼֮Уʱ¶һĨЦ⣬û֪̬ļһЩʲô
еĵۻɫĿˣһս˳װˡ
Ҫһʲô
ЦڣĻϾҪϣ룬
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Ȼڣдż⡣
ҿģû˵ѣĽɵİġ
ᣬҵһɡ
Ϊ뵽ӡ
Ͼ̾Ϣһ֮һϧĿ̣Էû˵
ΪĻ䣬Ѷ㡣
˵㿴ģûп㲻ɣҪ
̬ϾһۣöԷҧ촽ҡͷ
СŮޣϢ֮󣬸߱Ҫôȥ
ɫ̣ƺѾ˼ޡ
ôҲҪҪΪ˰˶Թ޻ڡ
Ȼǵǳһ̣Ǹʱĺ棬ɡ
Ǹ֮ϣһңҽһ׸衣
쳾гߡ
ĪЦ̫տ
һǡ
ǵ÷˱㡣
Ϊ
ֻ
˼ٹ¡
̤졣

䣬Ͼ⸴ӵĿ̣ڡ

ˡ
ü˵Ϊ
һԵϾ̾Ϣһֹȴֹ
˲֣¾֮УЦ
ЦдŨŨҸ֮ɫЦһ졣
Ľɰ꣬ÿ춼滨䣬εһ졣
ȻֻǶݵļദǣ˵Ѿ֪㡣
һ̣Ķٴˣϣͬ˵֣Ը⡣
ܺħצѾԼ֮УԾɱŰЦݡ
õĻ䣬ʹ
һҪӡ
Ѫૡ
תıףЦɲá


265 ϣ
԰ףѪ
ٻӰתıףһЦ
ЦݣĶϡԼ׺ͽ
Ψһźǲ̷ĸϣһˡ
̵ĽĿ˱֮ϣѪ˲ȾһƬ
ħצȻ̵ڣ͵ıһصĺ˱档
ͱ׷ڻһ㣬ʼ߽һϤӰ˵ǰ
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ο磬תۼĽɵǰĽɺûзӦӡ
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ǰĺѾһͷѪҰޣֻɱ¾ϾòԷޣźǵԼǵΣڶԷУԼҲһǱ֮󸽴ɱ
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ΪѪǵĺᣬȻԡ
ĻϾ¶֮ɫҡҡͷȥ롣



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𩣬ԲΪңʧȥ˸ס
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Ľɫ糣ɨһ۳еǿǣ˵

һ֣һ̤㡣
һԲεɢʹΧǿǵӣȫ˳ȥ


269 ʲô
ֵܣ
һȴдһɫӰĽɳ˹ȥ
ĽɿԷһۣͦΡȻԵ̴һ
ҹȥ˭˭
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Ħ޴粽룬΢Цſû뷨
Ľɿ·һϤӰǵ˵ͷ
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ĽૣԶĬˡ
Ͼں棬ţĦûжпƣҲûйıѣֻǵʲô֪һ
Ľɿǰȴ˼Ħ޵ʵ
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ָ֮ˣۻһͬΪʼĴڡ
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̵˵ͷԼ컯ԲΪͺһ
ֻһ֮ңһȴǼΪңԶ



270 㺦ô
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ͦεӰһһѵأĦǿƶ



271 սĦ
Ħɫ䣬˲ɱʼ棬ŭǡ
ĽɼȻǰȻҪúĥһйŭ
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ħ˲ȥĦлһĨȣ漴ɫȥҲһҷ۳һֻɴСƣָ߲˲飬֮֮ȻĽ䡣
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272 
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ĽɿԶɫĬ
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֪ݵıǵۻͷģʶ֮󣬺ԥѡĽɣĿֻһ񵺡
Ϊս֮ް֪ԼĵܵܲˣΪ̤䣬彻£ҲǸ˶ԷһЩοʱ򣬻һ
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ҲܣңҪҲҪǰУϾҵĺֵܡ
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ڴ˿̣һ޴쳹ʤݵϿա
Ľĳˣ
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¶֮ɫ֮õĶʤݣȻ
ΪеħĽɹˡ
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磬㲻һֱźͶԷսһڻˣΪһЦء
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һֱͣ۷壬治֪ʲôԵ
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ʤݣϱ֮⡣
Ľɵ˵ӰȻ
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Ľһ۱ǿˣѾﵽԲΪ
պѣѾΪʼ棬׷׿Цһ
ںɵʱһٻӰ΢Ц̤ޣ
þò
þò
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ǰأһŮӣĽɵĻ֮ȻһЦ
ҴӦ飬һɵģһΣҵĿ񵺡
ĽɿǰŮӣ̬Ȼ
ǰŮӣ֮ǰػ⡣
ôùȥԷԾɰæտƬСɽ壬νǾľԴĽΪм
񵺵ʵǿһǿߣȫ֪ԷǴðġ
˵꣬⻪ת·ȫһոɫȹϡ
˵ģҺȥ֮ǰҪȥһط
Ľɵ˵ȫһ㡣
Ҫȥģ
⿴ɻ󣬲ɵĵʵ
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284 ѩ·ϵĸ
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287 ֮ͬԴ
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йèĴţĽɵԺ֮УХ
һЩ˵èײгԣ޵ҥԶǲȷġ
ʵèһܰȺ֮ܵĺºͳӣȫΪǵ̫ǿᣬ޷츳ܹ˸򵽲׹֮ӦǲԭĽɿݴӣ̾һ
ǶǲĳЩ涨µĹأ겻䡣
ص飬ҵõڰ׼򽻵
¶ʧ֮ɫܵĽеı仯
ĽԣɵһƣղŵԼʵǹڶƸˡ
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Դһ磬ôܣԴġ
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ǣе㣬֪õģһҪѹҪҵõһ棬ܴԴ֮ӳ
ֻ֪ﵽ˾ĽΪ֮ˣȥжᱻԻԶ㶼޷ҵٵһ档
Щǵ飬û˿Ը棬ҲΪ
ݺĵĽԴеһУĽɵһʶ
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288 ҵѡ
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ҼܶˣǽԴ֮󣬱𽥽÷߻ħ
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֮۷죬Ϊ֮𣬷嫴½ҲǰμڣԷûаǷԣڶ˵һᣬҪ׷ɱǵĻǸûܵĻᡣ
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һˣѾԳ֮Ϊˣ񵺵ĵ۷֪һ㣬һУһǾϹʮԣҲܷ룬ĻᣬͬҲãͬҲգҵѡ񡣡
Ľתӣź󷽵Ůӣ롣
Ѿˣһ˵ЩʲôеʱЩ飬ǲͬ⣬ҲҲģΪǲŻ㣬ΪÿζܴǾϲߣû˿η壬Է֮Ҳδ¹֪һ죬Ҳᱻڽ£Ƕκ
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Ҳ֪ԼôΪʲôҾСĺҸΪһˣһֱİÿһŮ˶õģǣʵ޷ԸնʱԾվԭأǸʱû뵽¸ҡ
վ׹ʼ棬־Ȼ޷ģֱڣһ룬ΪʲôʱԼûгȥһһҲãʼҶûжҳȥĻ־ͻıˡ
ҹգ¶һ˿Գ¹ϣɢһɰ֮⡣
վȥģûаů
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Ľ˵֪θ˾գһ·ÿһεĸǼΪգԽƿԽͻƣͻƲ׹ʱӵԤ֪ͷ̵Ĵ̼Ļ޷ɹͻơ
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ĽɱʵѾȲ׹ԲȻ֮𻹺ңԶҪһԡ
Ϊʷи˵ľĸԽʵԽΪ
ʷкܶӣǴ컯Խ׹ڲ׹ֱӿԽ˵Ĵδй
ڵĽѹɽ󣬶ǻûдӱչг
ȵǳʱ򣬿ĽҪôԴ֮и
ҪôǳܲסѹУˡ



289 
ȻһʩչԴ֮УһУʼһµ
һУҪסҲٵһ棬Ƿֱ治ʵô㽫޷ѡ
ң˾ĻҲ޷һ䣬𡣡
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ѾˡĽԣɫƽصĵ˵ͷ
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ܷܷ֣ʱʱָӡۻҡ
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˫ֲϱãģüĴһԲӡǣĿһ㣬ԡ
Ľû澰ΪݺȻһۣ˫ֿٽȥʱһɫĹ㡣
ӹ֮УĽɸܲʱݳĽһָһĨĽӦʱȻü֮롣
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ǼĶһһðöӿһ档
ݦ˵ԵúŮ緶ʡ
Ľˣһᣬжĵ˵ͷ



290 ΪΪ
Ľɿǰת䣬΢΢һЦϲ
֪Ҫʲôܹʵ֣ϲָо
ǰӣԼĸףĽЦˣɵġ
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֪ԼôˣǸоЩطԾȴ˵ֻǵĿܵһУ֮ɫԽԽŨ
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ǼеģһǸӵܣǮƱȻ٣ˡ
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Լ磬ĻľһһжҵһͷöǿźʵʵٵĴڣΪҶĺ˱棬Ļô̤֮ôܹΪ嫰μڡ
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298 ʧ
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299 ˯
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ʱֻΪƽû˿ǡ
ԣֻֻܹ취
ĽɽԴ磬ºǵģǸʱֻ֮Ľɵߣһ룬һ㣬ʱӦʲô֪Ľ֮ûи㣬㵣ģ̶е鷳ݺҵһʦָܿԲڹһʱ⾳̤벻׹Ϊʼ棬ǰϲˡ
Ľɵѡ񣬶Ϊ룬ΪԿ۷죬û˿գֻʵΪӽȥԣҵһЩй˵㣬ǣǸεĴ𡣡
ǲ֪ĽҲ֪ûܹشǣڵֻһ£ĵĵȴϵ緢飬ǱҸ嫴½ѾˣҪǵʱ򡣡
è˵Ҫ󣬻Ҳ֪ǵĴôԤ⵽ģǣǼȻ˼ҵĶݣһҪ𣬰æػĻĽҲԭǣԣǱһµǰơ
ϱڿٴαңЩص㣬صһֱûж۷һҰĲϺ꣬Ҫһͳ嫴½һڵȴʲôţٹһжḡˮ档
ķú޻˵ˣҲûȥʲô
ΪĵĺǶֻ࣬ڸҰˣֻеȴ
λСѣ˵ĺǾ٣Ϸܽˡ
һϵ˽ԣȻĿ¶֮ɫ
ϣã
Ϻã
˷׷ӭ
Ҳô֪Ľʱ״Ρ
ԵŮӣʵ
ˣ¶ɣȥˡ
˼״ĵʱһһֲõԤС
˵ɣǶѡ
īɣЦ̾һº͵ĿһԵŮӡ
Ľɺ뵽֮С
΢̧һҧ˵˵
ʲô˼
üȫԷ֮⡣
֮ǷԴ磬Ը״ֱȴ޷棬Դ֮еһУһ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬Ҳ޷ѣֻҪѵʱǲܴ֮гΨһİ취һ֮УͻʧңԶֲʵ١
˿˵ʱٴεͷ
ʧҡ
ૣ̶˼֮С
һԵǵ֮ɫЩ겻ӡ
Ҳһɫ˲ȥ
ûʲô취Բһ¡
Ψһһ侲ģݣʵ
īɣԣҡҡͷһص˵
Ҫ֪һ磬һԸ˵ĵطӵһУѾȥˣҲǿ԰쵽ģ˲ͻԴ磬޷԰ΣԶ֮У
ΪѾֲʵ֪Լʲôģһ죬ΪףѵûаźеĻͻŬȥֲﵽÿ˵㣬׷ĹУʧң˳ġ
ԴΪµĵطҲΣΪӹеǿߣûпԽһأԣȫˡ
ⷬ˵˲
ǣʵˣԽ֪Խǲпᣬʹ㲻òʵ
޷𣿡
ֱ˵ʵ
ûа취ֻܿԼܹڶʱԼ̶ٵһ棬мǣǲȥҪѵʱԻΨһıǡ
ȴ
Ȼͷɫѿˣ֡
ȫǲĽɣôھɢɣһԼȳ׷Ľɣûʧ
ÿһζܴҾϲϵľϲһҲһҪȥԼ飬Ľֻ֪֪磬ʹǶݵʧҲȥһӦȥ顣
ϸһ룬Ϊźʲô
õ
ڣ¶һ˿ƣ
г׵򡭡
Ļʹ˶ʱ˾
Ľ˼˾̽㣬ҿԿõĺΡ
֪һԴ֮и̶̣Щֲ顣
֪Щٵģ̽Ѿˡ
ݵ˵зȨˡ
Ϊӵ֮ͬԿĵ뷨
ǿԿһܣĽɵܣӣ̡
ҿȥĽ𣿡
ʵʱû˻ܾһĵŮӡ
ͷˣȥһĽɰѡ
֮
ԣ΢㣬ߵԣŶԷ˳ȥ
ˣϣ˵֮ˡ
ݺȥ֮ߣȻʵ
ˬ죬Ϸϲˣãҹһص顣
èȷҪǰæػΨһĵطˡ
ǲǨƵطİиλǣллˣ
ֿ̬Ͽңûаα˵꣬ȴ˲סˡ
д˴ǻᾡģ˵Σ鵽ʲô
ɫƽߣ֪ԷҪ˵һʲôĴ¡



300 ҵ
˵飬ǰһξޱ䣬ǳޱһ޴籩ϯ嫴½Ǹʱǿȫˣû֪ΪʲôǸ߽׵ʦȫܵȻͽ֮ȴƽ¡
ǲز죬Ϸѻ˵꣬ڲҲ٣ΪǳޱҪϮˣǾǴǳޱ֮дģȻѰԴͷڣ鼮ϵļأһֻһǰ࣬ڶβĻݶҪ
Ǹʱ½
īɣɫȻ̬УԿЩʵڵġ
ԣƽٴϮ嫴½
Դͷʲô
¶֮ɫʵ̫ӴӦͺ
֪Դͷʲôǣûܹȣô嫴½ᱻ˵Ͻ񣬿½粻³ֻҵɣȡˣ鼮֮в޼ء
īɣ̾һҡҡͷȻҲǲ֪
ΪʲôԴͷ֮˵ûнİ취νƭ˵ģֻǾļжѣ鼮֮пǰĻȷҲԤʷݣʱܹӵһ챻ΪĩգЩСʱ򿴵ģΪֻǺĴ˵֮ŷ֣һдģǲ֪˻ڲڣѾ˰ɣϾѾȥôꡣ
˵¶֮ɫĻҡҡͷ
ⲻԤԣʵڵģǧ֮ǵѾˣڱҾϽ֮ŭĿʼʼ½һС
īɣһţ̬ᶨԣ¶һ˿ԳЦݡ
֪è뷨˵ǶԵģΪҲĸ֣ҲһͳͳȻһµ磬ڵɱ¾թ˴֮ûаΣǰͬһȫҵǰǸʱ޷ǣҴźֱĽɡ
Ľɵٴγ֣Һܲ죬ǣǸʱܹҵǰĺܸжΪһʿ׷ɱˣվǰ㣬һֵܣҺ㣬һ̵̣֪һ£Ľһӵĺֵܡ
ԣصʤݵʱҾ;ˣһǲĩգҶҪĽһֻҵŻԹ޻ڣκʱ̣Ҷ֪վҵʹʲôһҲϧ
˿̣˵Լ˵ԼĽɵԭ
Ŀصĵ˵ͷ
еˣĿ⣬¶һ˿𾴡
ǶǺˣǿԸıǸĩԤԡ
ԣèļ԰Ͱиˣлл
īɣǸмĿˣ΢΢ͷ֮תȥ
ûΪѾ˵һУҲˡ
ô죬˵滰ǵʱǲˡ
һǧ꣬ĽɻûѹҪһֱȥ𡣡
ڣ£˵Ŀ׷ϣĬ
Ȼĩռ٣޷ҵԴͷȥﶼһģܺ塣
ֻҪĽɲѣһԶ빲
Цڣԣͬĵ˵ͷ
һŰķڡ
뿴ŴϻԲѵĽɣӣƽݣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ߵʱ򣬽ҵӣҺϲϰ˺ܾòѧᣬǣˣʵĺĽСá
ҺڵøˣǶԵģҸܱԼĵ뷨ԣŻᰮ
ҲͬûĸҵֻĬĬףǣǣٸһλᣬһ˵Ұ㡣
뿴ų˯еĽɣڿһֿ֮ˣ¶Ҹ΢Ц
һԵݣӣȻ֪ʲô
һĪı֮ӿͷ޿κε顣
ܸıʲôһ䰲οĻҲ˵ڡ
վһԣĬĿţΪԴ飬治ˡ
ģЩڵӦĽɣԴ֮ˡ
ȥ֮飬޷ƣ޷Ԥ֪ģԾɱһ˿ҡ
ֱĽɵ巢һЩ仯֮󣬲ŻĪ
޷԰Σʧҡ
ૣ֪һʲôĸо볢һΣ֪ǲͬġ
һ֣ջĵе˶õĶ
֪ջжһ飬ǿԼĸ˫׵ӣһǵůǣʱ̶ҪԲпʵ
еʱ֮УҪʵϺܶ࣬ΪʵĲпᣬ޷ܡ
ܹһУջ޷ܾǣչҪʵ
ܶˣԴ֮֮ȴַˡ
Ϊ޷ܲпʵЩ˷ӣЩ¡
ʱһߣݴӳ˼˻
뿴ĽɣĶʲôݺˡ
δΣڿ
ϴһЩΣڱ
δΣʱǰȥ
Ԥţδ龰硣
һţһɵë¡
˭˭ļƷʲô䡣
һݺ۾ϲֻʣ˻䡣
Լû㣬вС
еİ顣
пʵðز
㣬֮㣬Ȼ˼㣬ԭǻزȥС
װģ㣬Щ飬ڿϸ

δ޷Ԥ֪Ҳǿʲôֻһ۾ͺá
ૣݿ̵֮ο
㣬֪ģǣĽǲԸ⿴ӵġ
˵ˣҶ˵ˣĽ˵İͳԽĿꡣ
һˣᵹ£Ϊñ֮һ㡣
֪㣬һֻҪʲôˡ

Ȼһ꣬һ죬һĽ˵һ仰
ûУȥһ
뵽ЦˣĵЦˡ
ҵ㣡
һͲŵ¡
վԱߣŻеĽɣĬˡ
һ֮С
Ľվɽۣ֮·ٲ֣һĨ΢Ц
ߣһŮӣĿĽɣУֻĽһˡ
̣һĽ鹹ӡ
ӦңԶҪٷֿ𣿡
뿿ĽɵļͷĶС
Ľԣͷû˵ֻĬĬע



301 Ըһģײ
ӴԺǲǷǣûɱ¾ıֻҡ
Զһǵ๫лл㡣
Сһ㣬ĽɵĻУǰϦ䣬ɷ
ǵģЩĶá
Ľ̾Ϣһǰɫ֪άֶá
ʱʱ̿һڸԼЩٵĴڣʵ
ÿɢʱ򣬾ͻῴԷʹĽ˴ʹʼ޷
๫˵ˣһжʵġ
ңеأɽˮһУǵġ
ǣЩҶҪֻҪ㣬ҵϣҴ޺޻ڡ
̿Ҹ˵
һ̣Ľʲô̶¶һ˿΢Ц
ֻ㵽Ͼͺôǿճϰɡ
ǸʱˣҾˡ
ĽɵૣԶɽϦ¶һ˿䡣
Щ꣬һ̵ֱߣ粽롣
ɽˮԽɽԹܶζ
ǰδ飬˿̶Ѿʵˡ
ΪĽɵΣǾչԼ֮á
չˣĽ˵һӶ塣
ǸʱԲѣһڶ߿ţοš
̵΢ľչˣԹ޻ڣֻΪ֡
Σ
һӵΣһշްն
Ըһģײ롣
һһĹȥĽѾǵԼ̣˶á
ĽɺһҪ飬У޷԰Ρ
ǣһֱи΢
ÿ֮᲻ĿһԵŮӡ
µȥ𣿡
ĽÿζԼİŮʧԼǰֲ̣ϱȵɱ̻Ҫʹࡣ
ΪԱ
Լģ˭ء
֪ѾˣվԼǰģֻһѣԾɲԸô
ɡ
ĻĽ˵ٱ顣
һΣΡΡѾǲˣֱһ죬ȫˡ
ڣ׷ԲԵˣС
ǿΧã¶΢Ц
̽ϵС֣Ľɵ֮ϡ
һ̣Ľ˽⵽ˣʲôִ֮ϡ
๫һʱ䣬֣Ҹӡ
ллߵͷǲóģҶԹ޻ڡ
ΪҵҴڵļֵļֵ
̿Ľɣ˵
Ľԣû˵ܰʱ̡
̣ӡ
˵ĳһ̸һˡ
ҵ𣿡
һ仰һ㣬ϵĻصĽɵԺС
ڣȻԼԣȹһ
һҲãǼҲգһ̣Ľɶ̵İԲˡ
һǵһӣҴŮӣҲΨһεˡ
ѡһΣȻѡһ𣬰ײ롣
ĽɾĿѾ׷ѩŮӣ˺ܼܶǣԾԹ޻ڵİĽɡ
ģʱţ˳ĬſŶԷ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ľɸо̵СͻȻһķؿڡ
̵ͷļ֮ϣһ̣Ľɱۡ
۽Σջ䣬²ĺۣ˵ĺۡ
ˣߵô꣬ĽɷΧֻǴ
ſۣ˿ΧһУۿ졣
Ϊİͷϣһ̣޷ܡ
Ľһţһ߲ʱǰ
еŮӣԵ̫ų༫Ϊƣ˵ƣ˵ͬһˡ
Ľḧűվ
һ˲䣬Χľɫ粣һ㣬ȫʧ
Ĳղϵתţꡢꡢꡣ
»ָǰòͬһʱ䣬һɰص֮С
Ľ˿ΧɫȫɢǸŮӣҲʧޡ
ԥ׼һ֮һ
˯ôõʱ䣬Ը̣һ
Ľһ֮󣬴һӣǰ߲ʱ
տȻһʱ˿̣֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ҪɽԴʹˣΪ𡣡
ǡ硢𩡢⡢Ͼ룬һڵһȥ
һжõĴڣǣܿνһء
Ľ֮һΣȻʧԭء
ˣǶĸ򣬵۷ô˵ģǣΪʲôԿ۷ʱ򣬸оôʵأû˿٣ÿ˶һģҿٵһ棬еֻʵ
۷˵ҪˣҪ֮У֮еһУĻ̤ˣ֪һжٵģҪôԼ뵽֮ء
ĽɵӰһֳӵļ֮С
ΧϣҶæµԼ飬ߺڶ
Ľɿ־󣬼֪ǶǼٵģǣǺѪˣӵԼʶ
ǣλˣʩһԵİɡ
ѾûгԷˣҪˣλˣкá
һ˳Ľɻ˹ȥӰδһ׺
Сһȥﲻֵĵط
㣬ٲߣݹˡ
̱ŨŨв
Ľ֮΢΢ҡҡͷʵ٣Ծˡ
ǱѾ㼯˺ܶˣǱſֵ̬ȣĽɼ״˹ȥ
һڣСֻʮӣͷңڲȻѾ˺ܾá
Сǰվһǿ׳ĵ̻ƣһŭݵĿСҪǿиߡ
Сӣô£ô컹ûнǸؤߣ㻹벻ˡ
ʵڲУһߣּͷһǾͲˡ
һϵڴ˳ԣ̵ͷӦ
֪ˣƹģİɣСϴá
ֽ㣬ǻҪأ
ƹһ˿
С֮󣬺ԥһľɷĿСŭ
ڸϢʱ䣬ʧǰ
ߣһȥɾ͹һˡ
СڵϣûаҪߵ˼ĽɿĳǶ߲ˡ
ΧˣһĻоڴ
СۼСһʱоӡ
˲ӣ͵ȥۼ޴ӾҪСϡ
һֻƺȻСͷϷɵץס˰ӡ



302 ֪㳣
Щˡ
ĽĮڣԷһۡ
һ̣Ȼ˶ľ˲ѣΪĩ
СӼ״ǺȻ֮ɫŵһҶ
ĽֽСһӿԷڣվߡ
ߣҴȥԷ
˵꣬Ż𾪵ݣȻת߽¥
Сӣ˸ӣ벻ˣôСˡӴλ͹룬еǳԵ
ɫȺǺóԣλһϲģǻס޷䣬ϴԡʩŮӦоУȻ鵽ؼҵĸо
¥ķּǹ˿ϣֻҪסһͻ᲻ߵġ
ĽɸһһŻķӣչЦտӭ
һٳĽ֮󣬶ʱת̬ȡ
һ׸ɾ·׼ϴĵطϸϴһ
׼һϯЩǮӦ㹻˰ɡ
Ľɵ˵һ֣һӰ֮ϡ
ƹǰһӣ¶ϲ֮ɫ֪Լˡ
ڶ˵ʲôкƬ̹򣬱㽫һаŵ׵
ллл
Сµ˵ʹͷȥĽɡ
ûʲôҲ˳ְ㣬⡣
ĽЦڣڵѾ¿ĵز
ܿ죬ˮѾ׼ˣĻòŮӽӴ£Сһɬ˽ȥ
Ľɾֱ˶¥Сʱ󣬲ȫ롣
һŻ꣬վĽɵǰ֮ǰС
Ľɿݣ΢΢һЦ벻Էϴ֮󣬻ͦӢġ
ʲô
Ľʵ
ҽ֡
ֵ˵Ծɲ̧ȥĽɡ
°ɣϷԡ
ĽʾԷ£һ˿ӡ
֣֣
Ľ̾һ䣬漴Ŷ꣬Ҷ꣬ҡͷһЦ
Ϊʲôԣ
Ľɿ꣬˲⡣
ҵĸĸ̵ңҪйʳ֮ʳǣȴû
ҳһûϵֶգǶҵĽ̵ԼĹ
ǶʱȣڿѾͷһжҵˡ
ӸĸȥһҾ֪һǡ
ԶһɣϾҺõ˶ˡ
ֵͷ˵˵ţЩˡ
Ľɴ̬֮Уһ;ⶣԼȣ˲֪ٱ
㸸ĸڣһ̴Сչ
ȻԼѡһ̲ߵĵ·ǣڵްڡ
˵һȻҪҪ¡¡Թ޻ڡ
ڣǰһ;ˣĽɣӲ
ǻģֻҪֱ£ͲǴģܹ˵һ֤ûǸĸĽ̵еʱ˵ǲͬģҴСĸ˫ǣұǿһЩǸʱһֱչңȻ˺Υ̵ԸһΣصĵ·ǣΪҵѡȷġ
Ľ̬ƽ˵΢΢תףŴ⣬¶һ˿䡣
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ֱ£Ŀ𣿡
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ңԼʲô鶼Լġ
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Ҫô
ֵ˫ץ½ǣĽ֪ܽš
Ҷ֪ôҲ˼һ⣬ҪôҪô뵽֮У˵ףѣ㲻˵ʲôûйϵֻҪסԼͿˣһЩã飬ҲҪһһһӭж⡣
ĽɿЦڣԼﲻˣܰء
ֻ·׼СһµĿʼѡ
Ȼˣ˳ְһ£ģоԼЩƸˡ
ʵҵ߹һЩ飬ԶУңһʧʱһҪЩúõһ̬Ϊò͵ʱõģʹֻһͷҲܳԳһȤȻѾˣǣÿһٷҶᵱһµĿʼȥµһͻ١
˵ֿ꣬ζȣû˿˼¶һĨҸ΢ЦԼĸס
Ľղ˵Ļľһ̣һ˿΢ı仯
֪߳֡
Ľɵ˵ͬʱа̾һ
һ֮·ǰû֪㣬ԽǿߣԽܼеĲƵ컯컯䡢һֱĲ׹ûܹʲô֪㡣
Ƕʱ⣬ҵңһûûɱ¾;ɽˮѾȴԼãʵ
ڸ磬һ׷Ḷ́۷˵ʲôԣΪ󣬲ŸЩΪ֪ܣһ̤ˣΪ𡣡
Ľɳ˼ǰѾ˿ӣƷһȡ
ĳţûз˿
Ľڶ棬ĬĿţֳԷʱܣзնɢ
극һµĿʼ뵽֮Уʲô£֮ǰȫΪҵһڸԼһжٵģ̶ҡ
Ҫתһ˼άδؾһ磬ǱʶͬԣԾ˽硣
뵽ĽЦˣĵЦˡ
벻һٷһİˣܻһθʵѵá
һ˲䣬ĽɵӰȻʧ˾¥֮С
ֻһ֣һЩԪȻ֮ǰһ¡
ƹӣϴһ顣
Ǹһţһֱڶ֣Ŀ䣬Ǵ⡣
һ㣬Ľɿ֪Լߺܾá
֮󣬶ᷢһ飬ֻΣգԷһ֡
ԭһΪϵĲΪ˱
ǣĽɸϴӣΣյ鲻ᷢ
Ϊֶ˵һĻԵ
ĽڳϣΧһС
Զһ棬һһ˹ȥ
һ£𣿡
Ľߵһ˵ǰòʵ
йԣɫһĿĽɵϸһԽԾ
Ųôأ
˵ļҵĹӸҳߣѰȤġ
С˵ͲŵĵزĽɻˡ



303 
ȷйǹǳֵۣܼ𣿡
ϸƤģǲУ˰ɣǸĹǮҲǺܸߡ
һ˵йһ߷е˱ָһĽȥ
ӹҪ˻֮ӻ٣ÿ˶ҪһƬ򡣡
ڿȱʮˣ֮ǰ˾Ϊ̫̫࣬ǮߣŻ뿪ġ
ֻ֮λȱԣܼǮǡ
йǽһԭɣĽûзӦ˵ȥ
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ĽԣзЦʲôʱɹؼˣһССӹ
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ĽɿΧһУ˿Ϲװʰ
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˵ˣĽѾ˺תļת䣬ֻèܹо޷оġ
ڣյһ˿ǡ
ǵϿգһһ̫ȥǹ졣
ɫ̫ģǣɫԱߡ
û֪ʲôʱֵģֵ֮ʱ嫴½ƽ
Ϊ۷췢ر񵺣ݵĸ߲㣬Ҳͬľٶ
е˶֪һеһУΪĵתġ
ãɢĩԤԵϢ˵ܹѡ
جģûҵ˲ƽһʱ䡣
˫ͬ죬ѡ
֪ЩɱĴڣĵĽɡ
ʱ䣬ƲȴԤһεΣг
ʷԴ֮ˣõһҲֻǰ˰꣬Ǹ֮˲˷ӣɹˣֻ꣬ƽ˵ѾһҪѵʱˣĽѲǸɹҲһӡ
գܶƵèΧȻǶʱڷֲè壬ǣһ飬ѾҪ¶ˡ
֪èʱ̵ˣǱػַǴӦèģҲĽɵԼ
ԽԽˣǶȻһĿģǻСΪá
ٵĻǿɽһ࣬뽩ֵĻ
ôèˣ޷ȫչ˵õ
翴èˣȻڡ
ҪèôһǿȺԱûġ
ֻҪܹסһЩǿߣǾͲ֮Σ
ԣǶҪ߾ȫԼ°źΡ
̬ᶨжš
ǻᾡġ
ԣ׷׵˵ͷ
ĽѲ𣿡
Ȼڣ֮⡣
Сǣȴ



304 

ǿŶԷǸ֮ɫ
˵˴Ҷ֪ȴǲԸԵ顣
ģôԼõѣ᳹뿪ǡ
ָоܲܣһͬô꣬˿̾Ȼܲںޡ
ǣϣǵȷﲻæΨһľǣȴػ
ҡҡһ׳գĴ˵
Ľɻûµģÿһζǣԣ졣
ĽѹɣҪ
ǵ˵ţĻ֮Уһ˿ʡ
Ľɻѹģ֪ԼӦʲôΨһŲµġ
Ǻ˵
Ƕģ÷֮¾ˣ˳ȻɣֻЩǰһ޷ֹģĩգδսлԵĽɣǿƿصģľֹֹȥǻǵõĽɵǸ𣿡
ЦڣԣһЦΪǶ֪˵Щʲô
Դ磬ڡ
Ľɲȥ˶ͷϵĺˮǰʰɾһУ˿
Ѿȥһ꣬һʱ䣬Ϊ֮еһǡ
һ֮УΨһûܵûнпۣûԹֻһ
ͬΪĽһŰôֲĴݲУ˵ݲеĲ壬궼һˡ
һŭ漴һӰٵĳ֪ȥġ
ھʮһˡ
Ľ΢΢һЦһ֮УյӹԼаˣǣѾ˾ʮһˡ
ĽɵһεʱйȡһĽһӹǣǸ˼վˣߵʱ򻹶һٴҪһµĹǮſϰݣҪֿˡ
֮һӣˣһ˶ʮˣǣ֮󼸺ܹˣԭһ˸һƬһƬְʼǹǮտʼЧǣһʱ䣬ȥ
ԣһȡˣԶԶûܵĶֿ࣬ʼˡ
ΨĽɶԸƬûз˿䶯˲Ϊеһ⡣
һΪĽǹľƣΪÿοᣬ֮佱ѵ⡣
佱һĹˣѵΪʲôҲڶ
Ϊ£ƶԴĽοԹ
һĽɵĹ⣬ĽɵıЩڳɫˡ
Ľ˶һЦֻԼķ֮£ȥܡ
æµһȥǵϢʱ䡣
һ̣Ľɺûʱ̡
ԼΪױһˣϲŭ֣ƣҸһе͸жԱǵĹĶǣĬȻһЦΪΪ͵ˡ
٣Ľɣһȥȱɡ
ĽʰʱһϤ˹
ĽԣЦһ˻֣˵
´ΰɣæһ죬ҡ
Щˣ´ΰɣҾ֪ô˵
һˣ㻹һֵˣһһ㡣
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㿴ĽɣЦڡ
ʵѾܺˣʱ򣬻˺ܶࡣ
ǶӶֹˣڵĹȻо̫ۡ
Ľĳһˣһ֮⣬ʲôҲᡣ
˵꣬Ľߵӣָ档
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Ľɼ״תˡ
ǰͻȻĽɣɺܼ򵥣Ľɺȱ衣
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һһһ̳һ̳
Ľɸмܲס¶Ǿˡ
ؼʱ̣͵͵һԼʼձѡ
һ̣֪һڲͬŮӡ
ҰʵҲܿȣǳһЩӺŵˡ
ĽΪ·棬÷ҪԣŻȱ顣
֮ĽҲûȥһһо
ΪһΣһźĽ𻨣صסȻԷ˵ĺģĽɻҵˣһ·ϣæʰ˲ʮСåһ̣Ľ̵ˣһˮңо֮ľЩ̫ˡ
˶ǣǣ˭Ҳûеõ𰸣Ϊһֻ֪ɻһǳƯԸŮӣ߸̸һ𣬽ģҥҲƽϢˡ
Ľɻʱ򣬻Ѿ֪ȥ򣬶ԴϰߣһԿףһӵĴš
ߺŷ䲢ûݵôţܼ򵥵ĲãһŴһһΣЩңĽɵһνʱŨŨĳǺܾû˾סˣڷֻůû˿ζͳʪ
ԼͶɹĽɻһЦʼϵ漴һתȫһ̣ζȫʧϴһˮ裬ˬ졣
Щ֮Ľڴϣ˯ȥ
֪ôˣоԼǳƣÿ춼һûжֻ˯ˡ
һߣСڣֵԵƻֺ룬ΧһƬס
˿̣¥㣬𻨾Ĭһ䣬žƣһһ
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ʱһвŮŮ˹
һŻۣŰֺ˹
һЦ¶ŷݣһּĸо
ң𻨵⣬лȣ̰
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Щȶˣ룬ɫȴûӺ
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ֶĵĵطȥ㻹İɡ
£𻨺˿ھƣһۡ
ԣپԼӣɫ˲ȥ
漴һת뵽ʲôһ㣬аɨǰŮӣתһȥ
ȻԭϵĺžƣоԼȵЩˣһЩǮ֮󣬽Ųҡεĳȥ
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ĳˣȥɣ
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С㣬ҿȺʱˣߵĻ
ȻˣͲҪˣǽú̸̸֮顣
һǻǰ֮ˣ֮ǰӡ
̰Ŀ⣬ڽ𻨵ϣ˶ܿóԷͼ졣
ԣĴ󺺣һ׺ĿŽ𻨣Ҫһ㡣



305 ǻ
ɭҸ㣬ҲȥģҲȥİɡ
ˣٸɧңһ飬߸ȫǵˡ
Ǹʱе˶֪һʲôˣ˵
ĺΧ˿ߵ׷Χ
ǣǿɭʱС
Ϊ˵ΪС֮˾֪
ΪĺΪɫרŶһЩŮ֡
вŮӶܵɭַԣ֮˲뵽˶ԷҪʲô
쿴ǽС㣬С˶ҪԽС֣һɥļһ
βСӵóˣǱͦ½С㡣
һЩѵպиŮܵ쵰ĴݲС
һ߷߲Ⱥ֮áǡ
ɭԣɫ˲һã̶ȥ
ӹĻһʰˣҸǣϼǳеİӾ죬ܰôһȺӶѣվҵǰңʲô¡
Ҳ¸ǣҽΪ˽СģԵλպյĵմˣ˼ҿ컯ʦϢ֮ҪǲߣҾǼʶһµմ˵ȫҵҪмļһ
治ɭ˵תˣǣ͸ұϹ죬ȫңҶûУҵҪʱǻ᲻ڵϿҡ
ɭΧˣɫ˲ѿ
ΪûԸ⵱ͷ˭Ըԡ
£һƬٸ˵ɭ״ǵ֮ɫ
Χˣ¶Цݣ֮ԽŨ
ԣվһλɷǵĻߣ˿ߴȤĿŽ𻨣ȻûɭôаҲòȥΪɭŵֻҪõ𻨣һһܣĻ컯ǿߣͬɭ
ߣһȺ˵˰ɡ
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Сˣٺ١
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Ϣ֮ڣ
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Сϣ˿̣֪ˣԼһֲˡ
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ոо֮ܵļѹ޷ƶ˫ȸĹĽɵǰ
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ңչֳǿһ棬ǿη塣
룬ʱ˿еˣԻĹڵϣֻ֪ʲôԭûй¡
ǰĵգһ塢ĽɣδſڰֻĽ֣һüģ߻ۣһձԶ
ɭѻԹȥĽɿԷһۣһŽ߷ɳȥ
ԷҹУһ֮գۼ䣬Ӱ
³޶ɡ
ЩתŽ
𻨿ӣЩİ
һʱ䣬֮Ĺϵ
Ҫγƺˡ
߰ɡ
ĽֱԷС֣һ޲Ӱʧԭء



306 
ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪߡ
һɳ֮ϣ𻨿ΧһУĽɵ˵
ΪϣҵһЩһֱѰҵĶ
Ľɿڡ
һֱҵĶʲô
ԣ΢΢죬ϸʵ
ʵõĽ硣
Ľɵ˵𻨲˵Щʲô
ǣĽɴӽ𻨵ϣ֮вʵһ档
ʲô˼
΢̧¶ɻ֮ɫ
ϿҲӦÿĶҲϵһ㡭
˵˴Ľɻһ٣Ż̵Χ̧֡
ǵǰһ²Ͻ棬ǳΧ
һвܷ飬һ̣ȫˡ
ǳҹвӦյ飬Ҷˡ
ЩҴϸܵõһ棬ǰʱ䣬㲻ϵҺȾƣǿһġ
ϣҿ˵ӰӣȻҲţǣǻǳˡ
Ʋĸš
̵Ұ
Ĺ¶
ССĵ
ִţϾǡ
롢̶ҵİ
ݡǵڴ
ʶŮӵĽ壬Ҳ֪ôһģڸղţ˫۵һ̣ҵͻȻˣԣҲһ˲䣬ʱߣҵ㣬㡣
˵ЩԶף֪̫ͣˣҪȥˣﲻҵ磬ҵ棬ҵҲң֪һжٵģǣͬʱҲģһʵ磬ֱҶţΪҲĴڡ
Ľڣ֪ܲܣܣνˡ
˾ûиҪȥˣΪ棬Լʹ
û뵽ҵԴٵһ棬Ϊˡ
̬ͻȻһ䣬ʥ
Ľлһ˿ɫ
һ̣ҡһ䣬ϼ˸Ѥʡ
ı󣬸Ƕʮɫͬβ͡
èԴеػߣǽ֮һڰпǣһЩԵ뿪ǣǰܹһУֻܹƣҵȥ·
ʵÿһ֮УҶУע㣬ʧңӣ˲ᣬ㻹ǳɹˣ㿴˵һУȻ֪ôģǣ֪һϵܹͻˣΪ𡣡
ǣĸ𣿡
Ľԣҡҡͷûи򵽣ȴһ㶼ûи
֪ԼΪѾﵽٽ㣬ֻһ̤ˡ
ҳΪ·߰ɣδĴʵ֮Уһĩպƽ٣ܹ˾ףǸʱҪһ㡣
Ľ֮ҡҡͷڡ
ҲʥˣȲ
ģȵģܸоõ
죬صݡ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ľϥڵϣ˫ۡ
һߣʵС
ǧˡ
żֲɣ
ǰضʬ壬վʬ֮ɽ棬·ˣһĮ
ԣվһȺɫ԰ףѪˡ
硢𩡢ǡ⡢Ͼ롣
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ǵվһȺʧèˣݲϵİǡ
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һȣԶȺ֮д
ԣβһ˻ش𣬷׷бս졣
ǷֻһˣĽɣǲ䣡
ǲ䣡
ǲ䣡
ǲ䣡

˸˷ֱͺһûа⣬Զˣɱɨ޼
ڣǰѾ֪ɱ˶ˣѾ޷սļҡ
ͳͳ
ԶȺһŭһ̣˴гɱ
Ծû˿ôΪȶԷٽͱһ籩˺ѳƬˡ
ǣԷʵ̫࣬ĸǲ١
ˣްη壬
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Ϊ˳ŵΪΣ
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ԶèݿһУ԰ףĬĬţϣɱ¾ֹͣ
һȺҪֻ֣ڤ粻ϡ
ҵ۷ǽèʥŮĻǺè˶Ҫ𡣡
һ
ˣɫ˲Ÿ߿еȻӰо˼ɵ
۷죡

ͺһȻһȻ壬ͬˡ
Ȼȫ
۷ŭˣΪĩԤԣŲè塣
ΪĩԤ˵ˣèʥŮſµܹҵԴڡ
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˲һƬ
۷춼˹һĿĹâ
ʲô飡
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312 ն

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313 ɫ
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314 
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ιǰ㻹ҡ
㡭ҪΪ㣬ϼһң
ĽüͷҪ
˵ΪҪİˣ̡
Ľһֱϣδʧαߣкǽ
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ЦǺǵ˵аš
ĽһΣ磬
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315 ͷ
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Ľ׷Űţһ·ǰɭ汼˺ܾá
Ϊţ֧ٶűɹץ
ʱĽҲòȥɫף죬۸
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𿾰ţòϣ鲻ٴοҪԼĶȴԷľܾˡ
ǰ˵ܲܽ㽫ҡ
Ľɿߣܲͷ˵
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Ķ棬һϢ󣬳ߡ
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˵꣬óĽɵ߲ʱǰȥ
˵ҵҪôﵽ⣿
ĽɳߵĿڡ
İţ̫ˣôóԣ컻ζ
˵꣬˸Ƿݣͷ˯



316 ץǵĻ
һ磬̫
Ľɺٴɭ֮С
ţڣôóԣλϸһЩ
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СҰĽɵĽŲ˲䣬ųŪһë
磬뷲ȳԽࡣ
ţٶȡľļӲһܺõӣֻҰҲǷĹĸԱ⣬ȻСٶȲţȴʮͽСҪ׽ӵмķӦԼԤ
ӴӴСôÿζôһֻСҰץס
㿴ңץôֻˡ
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Ľܣͷɣ׷Сʧ֮齥ƽץһֻ
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ΪĶ̺ԣŻ˴ߵĸо
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ȫߣһˣ˵߾ߡ
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䵽һ֧֮УҲȥȻ֪ˡ
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޺ȻһЦ䣬һɫǹ漴ת߽С



317 ħ
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лĽ֪Ϊãֳл֮󣬰˽ȥ
µ˻ɵɵڵӡ
Ľǣһ߸ϣĽɼƽ˿ŭ⡣
һһ֣һһߣһԻ
ιҰСӣƨţû¹
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͵һţȴС赲߷һɵ˸߸µǰ
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һپʮߵ٣ڱŵĶԱ֮УĴڣֻڶ浣ûк֮ǳ䵱Ա񹤣ӵĽɫĽɲȥ뵽˵һӵ֮С
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˵ħ֣ǰɽɱħ񣬵ȻͬС
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󣡡
䣬ĽһǺɨǧ˲ɱֻħ
һֻħ񵹵صʱ򣬻ڲϵȶ򣬲Һ



318 
ãղħ񺿽ٻͬ飬ǾӦ֮ߣΣ
Ƕ˸ҪڻǾΣ
ΨһỤ̊
ԣʾͬĽҲĬȻͷ
˶Ǵ½ɵ̳ܲеŽһģΪء
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Ľ̤ն䣬ڵ֮Ϸɿ챼ܣһȺħ񸩳ʱǡǹˣɨǧ磬ħȺ趯
״ҧҧǰΪԼĽȥ
˵ʲôҲͬһĽɣֳֵɨ޼Ѫء
򣬱ն˲ħԴ
ȻĽɡҲֻǷˮ׼ħȻҲǳʵˣԵֵ̿ƽСٶȼ죬ֻ䣬˲©֮㣬ǰĽǺܴæ
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ҲΪ˵֮зһ춯ص顣
ǾħΪ׵ħڱȳȾ½˫Ѿˮ𣬴󶯸ɸꡣ

Ľ˽̤ʬڴϢղŵսΪ
Ϣ׼ǰɽħѨһˡ
Ľɡ
ڴʱǹڴһ΢
Ľɲ֣˱ӵʶҲ
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ħһ֮дһħ󣬴ħʵǿҽǹһʽ㡣
úᣬ֮սܹ֮һЩ
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ĽԵͷ¶һ˿ϲ
ұһֻԳ編ȫӵԼÿ˵ͬ޺ɵҲкܶ಻ͬһὫҵͬһתǹ֮УʩչͨԳ
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ĽеͷԼһɫȷʵЩѡ
֮Ľûڼˡ
ˣǼִɣ
ĽתŲԶĶ˵
ϢһɣϾһὫһս
˵ղźĽɱƴɱħʹԼĹȡ
ԸΥǱĽɱ˼ֻ
УħȺڳѨ֮еħһܶࡣ
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Ľɼᶨķתŷɽɽеһ˿
ǸϽжҹζࡣ
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˴޴ԲΣֻѾ񾳽磬˿ĽȲҪԣתϣԼŬͻΪ
֪Ľɵ뷨Ҫ°ͣͻôףһٸʿҲһͻƵ񾳽磬Ϊ֮󣬱ɳΪһĴϣλ磬Ծš
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˵䲻ģڴ֮ǰUοŪĽɣUεǰֻ赯ָһӣܻһҵڲˣﵽ񾳽ĽʵǣǹڵԳҲʱͻƵ񣬶ңԲһӵд˵еԤԵ壬һӵϹѪĴԳ

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һƵűͷ磬ƺԲСľͻȪ˱ʥ档
һֵܣƣ׳˶üĿ񣬶˵һӣɲ޺ʥ档
һۣĬһĮ֮УΪصģȪʥ档
λı嶼ǿޱȣټͷԣܳΪ˴ʥ档
˴ʥ֮Уʥ桢ʥ桢ľʥ桢ʥʵǿ
ǿľʥ桢ʥ棬Զľ٣ò²ӵʲôĵ
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Է쳣޾ԣϸһĽɳһ
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ʥĽɵĶУ˶ԷĻŭǡ
ǵʲôˣץҵĿʲô
Ľѹŭ⣬侲򶨵ʵ
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˺һӵԤԵ壬磬һ·ԣΪ𡣡
ħս֮ǰһսħ³
ʥԣҲֱ˵˵˳
Ѿ䣬ץһкã
ĽٴοڣҲ֪ʥôˣȻӣ
Ȼ䣬ȴһԤ֮أԼ棬ҵȰ˴ʥħɽ꣬ѰӵԤԵ֮ˣ̶Ԥ֮أҵȽ׳֮Уͨ׳شһͻƳΪ
Ҫ֪˿۷ΪԶͨԱ⣬ҵȰͻƳΪʱ嶼Ҫ̲񣬴ﵽ𾳽֮绹˭ܵסǣ
ʥ̬Ľˣɵ˫üһ



330 ܣûô
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˵ĽʱضԿ̳֮ֻٶһЩħѡ

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ĽɿѪɫ΢΢԰ףʱɫǵת֮⡣
ܣûôף
Ľһһǹٶ۶źɫ׷ɱȥ



331 ж

ɫҽһʱĽѾǰ
͵һץɫץУϡ
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˺ɫ֮ĽѾȫָʵһ˿ֻȼСﵽ硣
Ľ֪˿̵ԼǰһֻҪˣȫ̤봫˵еΣ˵սΪѵĿֻ𾳽ˡ
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332 Ϲ
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ʵ磬¹塢塢һҲᳬʮˡ



333 ĪĻȪʥ
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ЦһȻһգһɺϯ׳أʥȻϮȥ

ϱŷ߲֮뱱Ȼײ
һȴͬϺʹʹֱӵɳȥ³컹Ҫҡ
ڣע֮У
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336 ״壬𾪻Ȫ
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ħ޾ϣ֮Ȼײ
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337 ϳϵĽ
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һǿһγһ򣬳Ϲը˹ȥ
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ֱһѪţ֮еӿħȥ

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֣͵£ħۣΪҹ䣬ͬһк
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ಣಣ
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ϳϿһΪҵĴϢɫЩ죬бֲʩչ
һܹʩչģ׵ۡǺҲȴڳϳš

һϯ׵ǺѹƣѾѵıԵˡ
ڶϯѪʹްֿ֮
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һ˲䣬ͳϳϾԾһεıը춯ʹ׳Ϊ֮ҡ
Ϸռңĩѣֲ˼㡣

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ĽɱĴÿϢǧٴΣһαһҡ
ڣȴһ֮࣬飬òеɻ
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Щһһǿᣬ֮ͨ˵أһֿס
׳صıӦþڸϸѰң
Ȫڣ¶ŨŨڴ֮ɫ



338 
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Ľɻһǰɨɾ
ͻȪ׺֮дôãԾûзִ˵еıء
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Ȫ˵вϱ任һɣϢͭǮ֮ɢ
ҵˣ
Ȫ¶ϲɫһΣһӶȥ
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ʵĽҲЩԲֿô֮ڵļ졣
ȪҲǸеħ˿ݽߣɫ԰
Ҫ֪ȪҲֻǸոսѣ˵һ䲻ģ綼ûȹ
ҪֿˣֱӳȥΣ
Ľһתһ顣
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֮УϺըԼ壬Ľɸо̹ʹЩҪ󺰳
һԵĻȪҲһȻΪϱĽɸ߳һΣԶ
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ĸ֣Ľ˿˵֮еȻڿսǿߣǰԾֻһֻϣĲأ֮УϰٸҲһͻƵ𾳽磬Ľɵļ֮У𣬾ҲҲκˣȻѾ䵽޳⡣
ԸܴУ
Ľɼһ˲˾ܴС
ܴУƾڵʵܷ㶼˵Ҫ֮гɳϼѣԣĽҪԼʵԼٳɳ
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һ̣ԴԴϵӿĽɵ֮С

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ħԻӣɨһۻȪƺڸ㲻С

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һ̣Ѿţͷģ̤Ż𲽷ħ޹ȥ
»ȪֻϣĽܹȥҪһغˡ



339 ҵ
ڣĽȫ˵Ĵ֮
޾ӿһڵĺޱȡ
ģĽɵĶͷðȺȺλۣϱӽʪ
Ȼſ˫տȻŷޱȣΧ˶ݵĹ
ڳɹˣ
Ľ¶ϲɫܿǻָ糣վ
֮Ѿ˽˵ĴУֻһ˿֮ĴУ̺޾ĵرвϡбһжŴУ뵽֮УĽɵڿһضѨЩ档
ʶ붴Ѩ֮Уâ貣ŨŨɣϢ
һѳȥƽ棬޻ǣע֮Ľɱǲ˴Ĳ̺޾ġɣϢƺ޾µݱ䣬˽֮󣬱÷ޱȣնӿ֣ƺն񷣬ء
һ֮ĽɷгϸѰŻȪĹž
䣬һûڶ౦֮еһѳǹ
Ľɵǣǹ̺޾ɣϢЩͷ
ǹԼһɣǹͷޱȣǹǹ֮вӧơ
ǹֺɫĺɫǹ壬ƺ֮޾

ץǹ̽ԵĻӶ£һӳǹ֮бС
⻹ĽɿѹܵĽ潻սʱȫʩչ̶ֲȾ

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ĽɵһЦ漴̤ǹ
ıѻɽϸµĻ֣ԣҵ˾֮ƷĴ֮ϸ˼ۣҴ˼ʮƵĹž
һ滭ɽˮɫĽһҪһĸо
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ĽɴһȻЦˣ˲ֱ˳
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𣡡
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УĽɵŵŵħҲͨһ˵ϣȴû˿ƣֻǶһЩҳѣԾſѪڣĽϮ

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˿̣˫ֽץħ޵Ĳӡ

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һ̣ҽһԭħ޳ûҧһڡ
ĽɺħڵϴƴɱеˣˣĻ飬ΣĻȪһĿɿڴȻ
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ĽһŲħ޵ؿڣȻ˵
Ľ£ħĴϢţʧ֮ɫ
ߣԺҪҵߣһëҾͽСҰɡ
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ħĽ˵ֱۣ˵Ĵ⡣
ı㽵𣿡
ȪĽɣǲ֮ɫ
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Ľɵ˵ͷ漴һӾ˹ȥ
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ĽɺЦͷڻȪĻûе档
߰ɣ˴Ѿûκôˡ
ȥ֮ǰǸȪΪһжҪ˼ҵ˼
֮ҡһ䣬ȻΪ죬һ̤ǰȥ
ո߳ȥʱݹХգۼ䣬ĽɺͻȪǰ



340 
ˡ
Ľɿߵ˵˿ĻУһ˯еСޡ
ֻС޿ȥΪɰĽɴһ𣬶˼עĿϢ
Ľѣ˵ַѾ̳УʵС޷罻Σ
һ̤Ľ¶һĨЦ޳ܵ˼㡣
뷨棡
ĽһЦĻϹɫȥиɱݺᡣ
Ҫᣬɳ֣ôһŽڡ
ϳӣѵҪ֣ȡҵĴ֮𡣡
ĽһתڳϳϣжԳϳֱܵ׽УҪѣΪˡ
ϳԣԥ֮У˵ַΪḻǰԲмһˣڳϳʱض˵ΪҪ
ߣϻ˵ұɱȣ
ƱΪĽɺȻѹ䡣
һϮĽĻȪϹԼãҲߡ
ڵѹ֮ǿȻֲ֮ʵǵĽҲеһ˿ѹ֡
ս
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ĽɶڻȪıַǳ⣬ԼҲǺη˵
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ϳ͵ص˵Ķ֮Уöżġ
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ĽɣбŵСޣȥƽ棬Ϲ֪˾ûôƽûеõ˴еʱϹܿĽɵʵӵгսȴ͸ˣһ
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ϳϻ˻̶֣Ϊһ磬Զȥ
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ԲΪħ޶һԣ̤նеĽɣ

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ĽɵĲ룬ʱѾӽɭ־ͷUε˵һĿռ֮УҪȥҵе󷨡
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ɽæãĽһơ
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Сʱķ֮ĽȨڵµ֮С
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һŴ󽫣ɫȻĿɽ˵
ȻλǰUʦϹͣҪλ׼
ɽ˵̬֮гмֻССִ߶ѡΪһְһЩǿ߳룬ģԼøִ߰ߣҲֱ׳
ŶUʦţȥͨһ
ŴԣƳĽһۣ漴ת빬֮С



341 ΪҪ
ĽǰĪϽ䱸ɭϣһжˡ
ɽĽɣǸȻڣǹ
޷պĽĳҲ֮УǻҪеġ
ĽЦЦ˵
ɽľٶʱһŴ󽫣Ҫ֪ɽޱȣѷʵڳִ֮УҲǰéûм˵ΪǿıԺɨϳԱ
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Ŵ󽫴Ӵ֮УҴҵ˳Ǿ֮ɫĽɹ˵
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343 ˵ˣȾҪ
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345 ѡγϡ
ڣһΣĽ棬ִȨյĸо
һ̣Ľɽıȫй˳·ˣһ
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ڲɢ˲䣬Īϣһ㣬
һɹɿֲϯ˷ޣʹѨ˴顣
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ĪüĿһֲڱŷ
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䣡
Ѩ֮Укɫ˷
գɫΪһ䣬ôĹ֮ż˺
ը֮Уͺëѻȫֿ
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Ҫ֪ĪʵѾԶԶԽ۷壬ͨҲһս֮
ҪһĻĪԾ׼
飡
Īȭͷңһȭһȭͺëѻؿ䡣
Сͺֻǰһֿͱˡ

ͺëѻҽУĪȭͷֱӶ壬ߣһĹȻ
Īһսȭͷͬ꣬û˿ƫȫСͺӵ֮С
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ڶѨ֮Уͺëѻ֮ǰĽ
ҿӣ벻ӵӵӣҲôǿû
СͺӵĽûвʣֻȴ˺ǲ⡣



353 ħ
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ĪˣɵĴЦĻɽҲǿһЦ
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ĪеĿڣȻΪ˿ǣ˿̴ҶĽ
֪䣬һŶУԸԼͬܵ˺
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Īһ֮ӳȭͷŽʮȥ
ʮгһ˸̶һâʱĹֵȥĪɽ롣

糱ˮһ㣬һصĻɫӰӣϸȫ

ɽߵļҽһסԴһ󼫶ʹ֮
ǵ˫۱ɻɫɱʩչԼҵֶΣɽĪչ񹥻
ͬɽһĶʮˣʮ˱ػӰƣ䣬֮ǿ⡣

һ˲䣬ЩûܵƵˣҪôֱ䣬ҪôӰռ壬ʧȥǡ
ǵ˭Ϊ͵Ϯҵȣ
Ī￴ųΣȻڡ
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Īԣ˲ˣɽҲǺ֪ǰĻɫӰӣħ
ħ⣬һص壬ӵǿʵڶ࣬ԿǱ壬һ˿ֻе񾳽磬ӦõħĴڣǰЩɫӰӣħ
ħ֮г֣ԣû֪ĽʲôֶͨΣŪħǰħѾԾʵͨ񣬸Ǵħ֡
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ĪͫһԷɢϢϱĻҪǿٱѵǰ֮ħ񰡣ֱӳֻһҵǡ
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Ī̬أôһ˵ɽɫҲ˲ѿĶŽʮ
ǽʮԾһģƺһ仰ҲԸ˵
Ȼ㲻شǾ㡣
ħʱ䣬һƽ١
Īкâһ֪ԣһħ߰˸ͬǿߣմﵽ𾳽磬ǹ塢塢ͷħǣһսǿ޷ͳƣѪ뵽Ī̲ס󱳷ĽɾȻȿֲڣڹؿ֮
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ʮ԰գâɽɨ˹ȥ
֪ħ֮ɽӣϾԷǰǿߡ
ȻѾûʵҲԲ⣬ͻ䡣
ɱ



354 Ƕ֣ҲĬֵ
飡飡飡
ɽӳ񷣬뽣ʮĹײһ
ʱĪҲ˽֪ɽԲǽʮĶ֡
ֻĪּ䣬ȭӰԴԴϣŽʮȻ˹ȥ
ͬһĹƣʮûа㾪ţԾĵֵš
ħǱ䣡
ʮЦһѪ
漴âȻȥɽĪĹȻײ
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̧˫֣ȭᷢĪ˫ֻΪϺڣֱͬ۶ɡ
һ˫֮ƣŽʮһٺɱ˹ȥ
ʱʮоԼҪ䣬ӵǿʵΣԼܹ͸ĪĹΣԼԾûеֿ֮

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ħ½˼Σ˻ش֮Χٶš
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ħ䣬͸ܹǽڣ˿̿Կ϶ǣħûߣڰעǣҪľĵȴԷֵ֣Ļֱǰһء
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ɽһն䣬͹缲Ϯ֮âɨ˼
Īȭͷͬÿκ޶ѣ޾Ĺֱħӿȥ

ħʱסˣӦʱҪֿѾˡ
ͣ
ѾΪӰħεˣѪΪ
ɽĪһۣҹٴγħըȥ

һҽУĪȭͷֱжԷ塣
֮֮£ħһСΪޡ
һҵħ֮ɽĪƣ뵹ڵϣڴڵĴϢ
벻ԵˣϵĵͦĬġɽˬʴЦ
˵ҲǣպҪˣȵսʱǵĬȾͻߡĪ⿪˸Ц

ǿ߷ЦЦصѨ
һһĽɵļ֮УɽĪɱħ¶ǳЦ
ԭҪնɱħģǺ룬һŴ
ǵصĿˣǰѾвǿ䣬һֱȥ֪ع󣬻ʣ¶ˡ
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˿̣ɽĪҲУֻʱ˳Ĭǵʵ֮ΪμĴڣ벽ħɱηʲô
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ǰӷ˾裬ϥڵϡ
ҲˣһϥеĸǺ˯

ģһŨѹϯһЩֱһѪʵգ۹ǻָ˹

һҽУֻһʸϯЩʸ磬ǿ߲ϸ۲죬ҲѿĹ켣
һЩ⧲ˣʱʸ̳ѣ˵
Ȼ˼٣˵ֻֿһЩơ
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ۣ
ҽУһЩȫ˵ص֮С
Сģ
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䣡䣡䣡
һ߾ʬȻǸղЩǿߣϸһѾʮʮ˲СݵصףȻд˶֮еߣԲֻ֮һΪԴ⣬Ҳȥ
ҪͣҸȫǰС
ɽڣ԰Īһߣ˽ϡ
ݣݣݣ
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Ī˲֣һȭа֧ʸѣȻƣ춯ء
ƬƬļʸɽĪֱӵֵ˵ǿʵٴ

ͻȻýһȿһ㣬ϸһ·Ȼ޵Ԩ
У񾳽ǿߣҪֿĻ׾١
˿̣һɹ̤նУȴԼҵܵ˽
ͨͨͨ
һһȺȥ



355 һ
Ѩ֮УһƬڰ
ʹ
һǿߴϲ漴۳һŻ棬ȼգ˷
ҿΧŷƽ棬ܳɽ֮⣬
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Ѩûоͷ˺ܾûûзʲôڣһԹ
ˡ
һ񾳽ӣԳѹһƨ˵ϡ

ʱ˿̣Ӳ֪ʲôֲ˲Ϣ䣬뷢ܼ꣬һգ֮䣬ѾʧΪѪ⣬һء
ѹϱҪǿἸ֣ĽʣӵֶΣ
ɽ˿Īһͬ񣬶ǿѹǰС
һϮ˹ѸףȴɽĪһʱֵ
ԽԽ룬ѹԽԽŨҰϮҲԽԽ͡

ʱһĲҽЩҪôˣҪôһֻӵ̽Ĺץסһһ䣬Χ˲һƬš
е˶СĵģһСһȪľԼ
ಣಣಣ
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Īŭһ𵴣ɢ֮ʸͣͣ漴ڵء
ȻɽĪʵǿᣬȴԵֵ֮ĹҲһЩ¶֮㳯ϯ˹ȥ
飡
һ֧ʸֱӶһؿڽ룬ܳһĨѪ
ιҵȷ
ɽڣԣɽĪΪģʩչͨ漴⻷ɢ
⻷ʸײѿսôһֱţеļʸȫѣֹͣ
ͣǰߣ
ɽһһΧƣǰһһȥ
ԽԽ죬ѹԽԽأһЩʵ֮ټϳ;սѾƣ
Щǿߣɽɵüܵǰλá
ͣ
ģ˷ܳϸСâֱɨ˹ȥ
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ڵֿâʱǻҪԸ֪ʲôʱŻֵĲ԰֣֮Ų԰ƲðһЩסˣ漴޾âХǳնɱΪһƬѪꡣ
Īͺһ˿̴֮лһɫ֣Χڣâ財
һע
ɽһһɰɢ̶ĪڣԽԽ۶ɫâʱʢЩâն䣬ȫֵסˣڵص֮µĲ԰״֣Ҳ޷Īķ
Ų룬ĪоѹԽԽأ˶ݵʱ䣬ѾȺֱɫԲ԰ס
ѹЩ
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ǰ벽Īﲻ֪ɱ˶٣ẦΣ
ռ֮УͥŲȿռ֮еľ
ԤⲻգԼͿ뿪طˡ



356 
ˣ
ռ֮УĪҵһ˿ϡ
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һ̤貽ڶ𣬰߿
ʱĪ֮еѪ׾ѣ˿̵Ѿʩչȫ
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ŭһ漴˫죬һɹɻ˫֮лۣԲСԲ򣬴Բ֮дһĵޱӴֱɽĪѹ˹ȥ
Ӵ󹥻ײһɽ񽣲УǿǶˡ
Ҷ˺һ
Ī￴ɽһȣԵͷ
ţĪȫ޾âкɫƣһȭ޶Ҫѡ
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ӭĹ˫Ȼһиֳ漴һڶӴǧɣۣ᲻ɴݣצ繳ޱȣǺûһӰϹ
ӰӴӰֱײǿɢͬʱĪȭͷ䣬ǰл֮£ӰǱ
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ɽճΪһһǰһҪѺɱ

¶Цһ̣
ס֣
һĮúڵƷɿɢ
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Ľɵһ˿𱸣úĪɽͷ˿̣Ѿвǿߴɽ֮߳һרעĿǣԵĽɷ׷ױ죬һƬ
ˣҿж˳ɹ߳ɽȡ
ĽǳЦһתڳڡ
ʱţ˴˳
ÿһƣеǻѪЩ˶ǾսѾûж߳ɽȵʱһ˷ܲѣһεǵʵ˲١
տѾȥͳƣһ˴سɹ
߰ٶ˽룬ٶͨҲһĳɼ
ԣ߳һλǿߣѡĽŶӡ
°˲ػģȶܵõָ㣬̶ͻΪ
ĽɵĻӵħڳˣѪڡ
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԰գתһӰʧ

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˿̣ףʵĽɽԶ
ûģǸոѡʮӳдɽ
ɽʮλӳĽʣ
ɽĽɣһݡ
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Ľɵ·ʮӳϣǱˣûһܹ侲
˻ŶӸոսΪӳĪʢ
¿ʷҰŽҵ
Ī﹧ڣԿóĽɵĹģްα
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ĽǳЦĪΪϲµԼ룬˵˳ҲãʡԼ鷳
ʲôҵȾƴǣ
Ī̬ᶨ죬ûаɡ
ãǾͰҽɾԸ˳ĽģԭԸģɱ⣡
Ľ磬Ī˵

Ī˵ôӴҪòɾ
²żҪʮꡣ
ʮ꣬Ȼϣǻɱ䣬Ȼܹá
˻ŵĳԱ֮󣬲̫ϳϣԾĻ󣬻׷ңΪ
Ľɵ˵֣ʾȥ
ǣ
ʮͬγˣصڴ֮С



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357 
ʮĪʮӳ֮С
ڰ˻Ҳûţͬõ˼ָ㣬Ŭ
ʮ֮ʮӳƹضν춯ء
ĽҲ΢΢һԭʮӳֻԲΪǳ֮һɫ׼ĪѾ޽ӽޣͬǰ޹ˣߣҶ󸱶ӳҲǽĽŲ
úĽɽ˳ȥִһ
̶գ֮еĹ塢塢ħ壬һκˡ
ÿвѱ䣬ֱ䣬һôֲ飡
Ĵɳǿǰȥ飬գû˿ջһߣʵֲ
ûֲֻܹĽɵİ˻š
˻ŶӣÿһСӵʵǿޱȣÿһСӳս֮ͨ£ӳĪ⣬ֶΣͷ֡
ӳӷæǵǾǣҵԭ֮Ǳڸĳǿߣǽ̸ҪôصĽҪô
ÿ춼ҪսеǿߣѾˡ
֮⣬ǻһ񣬾ǾһЩɢǿߡ
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ԼϣҲѰһɽѣΪΪϲҼû뵽ȻɳҪɱԼȻûдﵽ磬һʵǿƥȻˡ
кðɣֻŮս֮С
ң񡭡򣬴ͬھ
¶֮ɫݣ˼ֲ
Աвǣбͱɡ
ŮҪôʹﵽ۷壬պǰ;
ǼĽ֮УձضܹΪ
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治Źǣ
ȻһѹʱΪչֳ
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ĪһЦʶ֮󣬱ҶҲЦˡ
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ΪʲôĽ˵Ľһܴ
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̫ˣʲôĽϵԭֻ˸ֶѣһΪܣĻȨﻹҳԶײǼȥһᱻ
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˿̣̰Ȼǰһ䣬צƿ˺Ʋ񷡣
䣡
ؿܴ͵һѪ
һߣƶ֮£ѾһƬде֮С
ڣ޵޾

һ޺漴һͷ籪ӵޣɱ
ͷӵдΪ˵һֻͨڡ
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һӵ۷ʵܷܷһӣһϼ˸ֱӶ޵Դͨһ
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˿ֽ̣ţֺ£ûзʮָʩչͨȺ޺Ȼȥ
һһ޵ȥûɱһѪ·
ʱѾմѪЩģΪϧһЩСﶼ˺£ȥĵûʵͻʧȥȥʸ
ģһĸ֮С
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һ˲䣬ӵͷܵ׻һ
Ȼųز˫⣬ĶŮ
̣



358 û˵ʱ򣬰
Ů̵һģһûа
˿̣ɫ԰׵ŮĽˣΪԼ̡
˭
Ůü΢أɫһɻ
ķӦĽɺǰŮӣûмԼ
ģջĿ⣬̾˿֮治Уֻǳơ
ô
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ҡҡҵĸ˽ս²Уܲܡ
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Ľԣ˵ͷ
Ͼ³ߣĪ׷Ҳ
ȻɴǸоŮЩϤǴĪﲻؼ׷ˡ
û뵽ɴŮӵòȻԼһֱ˲š

̰ǵսѾ뵽˰Ȼ
ָ̰ſһѪȻ˳Ϊһͷֲľˣ˹ȥ
һǰһڶգȻ
ڣ˲ĹȻȴ˼ְԵ֮
ײһ𣬺
̰ЦһΪһ˹ȥָ濪צֱץ¡

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ɣ
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һ̣̰ǵʱоһȻѹ֮УԥΪ̰Ǳ壬һ޴󹥻ϯŽѹֿһӱϿްƣ̰֮Ѫ𵴲ѡ
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ҲΪĴڣܰȻ䣬κƣǼϳ֣ĻĨȥһߡ
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վĽ󣬴ϣĽɿԸоõ亹Ȼ̣Ҫ¡
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ǰ
Ӳ֮£Ѿ˵
ǹ
ҸϢʱѡ񣡡
Ľɵ˵ƺһҵ˵ǵָһӼѡ


һ
һһٻ



359 ֻת
ս
ţһ漴׷ʩչֶΣĽϯȥ
ţһأΪ
˫֮еӿ֣к
һӣһֻȭӡƾո֣֮ƣɱĽɡ
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һֲܿɻأع硣
ź嫹Хо
һ˲䣬µʱԼͻ䡣
ĽЦƮˣ޾֮С
ٿȻһߣ͵ָſħ֮
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ۼĽ׾ٵĽɣɵĵһֲÿֲ
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ʵ֮ҲͨڣϽʱ䲻ȥţֻȫԱ
ĽһţϣȻѿ

ţһ޴˽ȥ
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Ľһƽ棬ȴܹᴩء
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лǰ֮պõĵطҵȱض
˵˿̣λҲǱϹϾͨһεĽ棬ʶˣĽɵʵܿģɱҲɽ֮Ǳ޵ļλɴ˿ɼĽɵʵҲǰ𣬶һǰ֮еĵһˡ
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ڿĽɵȷӵгưһʵһһҵˣĽڵĽħ塢塢塢ɲʵǼħĻҲߴһֱħ綼ûԣĴŲࡣ
Ľʣʹ˱
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˼ˣĽתȥ˺Ȼڡ
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̾һĵ˵
ûм˵ȥΪԵ˵ҲǰŰɡ
仰ĽɶУȴһصͷ
ûаԥתӣü˺ѣ߲֮۸֣ȫʩչԤ֪֮
Ѿ޳ԤԵ壬Ԥ֪δԿһ˵Ĺȥ
ҵ飿
ҴӦ㡣
ļԽҿһô
Ѿˣһܾܾô
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Ը⡣
ãǣ֣ߵͷ
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̵ĳ֪أһĻһĻȫǰ
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Щ棬ĽɿˣһԵҲõ
ҵķһλӢۡ
̤߲ȢңĽɣ
Ůૣ˿̵Ҳ̡
̡
˽ӵͬᡣ
ʱ䣬δޣδȢطꡣ



360 ԭһ蹷
Ľܶ˵С
Ҳ𣬵ȴ
ӿвǿҲΣա
ħǿʢҪɨ壬Σʱ̣ħ徹Ȼֹͣԡ
ž˹塢򣬺ԴϢ̶ֿͬǿС
ħֵֹͣģԶ󳬼ǺճԺɨǧ֮ƣռ˴ƬһЩСɷ׷ѡ񳼷Զɲ⣬ɳȫǿߣһЩСȻҲȴ޷֮⡣
Զħʱѹʱɡ塢ҲǷֱɳʹߣϵħԼĽ˷ǰԸ񣬶ħѹû˳ֱ֣룬֮£ֻܽϣĽ֮ϡ
ĽȻûаǿߣڶ࣬ԲСӣɡ塢֮գɳĲԹţĶ񺣣ɵǰȥ̸֮¡
УĲԹǽڹŻʵĴڣһʵѾﵽ˺ΪսʤܣȻЩ٣ǣɴ˿ԴԷȷӵԶͬ׵ʵ
£һе̳ĸһλΪڶǿߣᣬΪδǰ;
ǲض˵˷ǰ뷨;һΪĽɾһܣĻˣѾﵽ۷壬ֻһͻƺڡ
´䣬ȺԭëǵҲö
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˿ٷУĽ֮УȻо󷨴ڡ
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פڴˣϷԹ
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£޲һ𣬴߳ӣΪӣ̬ǫ
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˿̣Ϸϣɼһ˿ɷȻѾﵽ벽ĲΡ
ϷСѣұǹĲԹţλĶɵҵĽʡ
Ϸ磬˿ˣԣԹ̬ҲΪºͣûаӡ
ǰԵȣǰȥ
Ϸɨ˲Թš񺣡һۣü֪²ƽԼƿء
Թ˵ͷϷתһʧ
λСѣפش˵أǷۣ
ԹŶӣº͵˵˿˲δ뿪ǿش˵ء
˿ȥʮ壬һʵҲﵽڣ벽ֻһ֮ң
˲ŵľǣҲǰλ֮һڻ֮Уǰʮ
ƽǾԼǿߣɶĽ̫ϳϣİԻǵһΣвЩţĽй涨ϲڣػ˵˲ԥ
ǰϻδҵȲ˵½⡣
һҺʵӣֿڣͷѾðƬˮôӴ˵ƭˡ
ĽǲҵΪѯʼҲ⣡
üͷȻһѹ˵ʱоһɽȻԼͷ
ߣ
󻤷ƺһûж˵ʲôҧǿֿ
Ҫܹŵʲôʱ򣡡
Ʈɱ˵һҵͬһֻô򵥣ͽȻ䣬Ʊǡ
λѪʱ򣬲ԹźͶ񺣲ûж˵ʲôƺҪĽ֮еŴкʵ
Ƭ̹λѾͷȺҪֲס
ҵ˲£λѣؽ⡣
Թۼ˾ҪˣȻ֣һӣѹʱɢȥ˿
üͷƺһ˿̲ɨ˲ԹŵӣϾ˼Ϊס
Ӵ߷羰
Żһڣһ̤룬ϸ͡
ԹżˣػȣûֹҪŻδ
Ľڲַ
һŭȴпСȴżּᶨȻ
ϸһԴŵλ
˿̣󻤷Ѿ˻һս׼һ䱸Ŀ⡣
ߣֻǹһѵһССҲҹҲɣ
ɫ࣬ΪԼڲԹšǰʧӣǿֱŻѹ˹ȥ
ػĽҵְ𣬻ǰҪͱˡ
󻤷ͬʱڣ̬ᶨɡ
Թ˵ͷһĽȷûаɢ
ҶԱ˵ձҪĽɣѵһȡ
һŭݣѾ޿̣̽ҫĿâֱ֮ųǿ֣̫ǿɨ˷
оĹŻУоԼȪԽԽ
ҵ˭ԭһ蹷ҲĽͣ
һ仰ʹ˶졣
˿̣һִֻӶȻ԰ףȴ޾֮֡
һ£˷ۣΪһ޴С
ޱȣһֻҪȥͻ޵Ԩ֮еĸо
â֮ϣֻǼգ۹򣬱㱻ȫոɾ
ɢƽ
һӰȻ֣ͦ罣˫ǡ
һɫԣһͷƮݳ衣
һ̧֣һ̤㣬ԸһȻҵƣĽɡ
ԭĽŲԹš񺣡ϰݷãҲǲµ˼֣ҵ
ǵԳӭӵʱÿ۸ŻһĻ
֮ĽΪϤ׿ԽڷŬսǱȻ
˿̣ȻԼſڱ裬Ľװʲôû
Ǻˣ֪˭ڱǰֱ
ȵɴδĽɣȻ֮󿴹Ļ񣬿ȴδ⣬˿ŭ죬뵽ǰ֮ˣĽĻʡ
ûԹźͶ񺣿λаĽɶô֮±ضˡ
ΪżͬʱԹźͶҲΪĽɵʵе
ɢϢҲѣǸղŵһư磬Թ޷쵽ɴ˿ɼĽɵʵǱô򵥡
ڱʵ̣˭СС⵹ǲ񡣡
ĽҲҰͷûкúù̡ܽ
Ľɸֶ޵ϣûֱӶ֡
޽Լ£֮·ݶ飬Զ



361 ұ֮
㡭
ŭҪڣȴԹһס͡
ղŶеĽֲҪ
ҵȴɡ塢ǰĽ´¡
Թ̬ȹĽĽɿԼƽΪֳǸˡ
˿ĽɻȥЩںܷŭΪŭ
ԼԼҵ̱˴ˣҪպμˣ
Ľ
ұĽɣĽҪͬĴۣ
Ļһ̸
նݰɡ
԰գһ̤ռѡ
˲䣬ĽһΣֱȥ
ĽڿһӰⷴӦæʩչͨ
һɫ֣ڳ罾һۣڡ
޴ȻʱɫֲظȻѡ
漴ӿֱӴؿڡ
ȣȣ
͵һѪ˿оȫλҲһ˿ѷ죬ûֱӴУĻȻ䵱
ڴ£Ľ֪ܲ
ǿ޵ӣʱɥȪ
Ľɣֻһֻϣ벻Ȼɳز
뵱ʱһָܽ
ŭ죬ʵãֻڿͷֵ֮üֺô

ĽȻԷҲ͹ֲˣһ̤ƣ촩
һ̧֣ŵһ֮תܣ㵽˲Թŵ
ĽҵǰֻΪ̸£ƣˡһ
ԹǰһæڣĻ˵ϴ
Ȼ㲻ԸʱҲƨҷš
ǰ޷Ϊ֮£²ض˵
κԼһֻ͵ķ蹷ˣȿˡ
Ľɻ˻֣漴ת֮⼫ΪŨ
ʱϷոðͷۼƲԣæ˻ȥ
ڳŵλ֣ԲСľͻԶʧ䡣
˿̣ŻκˣĽɳݵ˼㣬ΪˣȻܾ˴£ɴ˿ɼĽɵУĵλѾԶԶԽ棬ܹĻʣһôҵ顣
⡭
Թɫ粻ʱҲ޻˵̾Ϣһ
ҵʵãûкĽ̸۵ʸȥݷá
ȥɡ
ĽĵԸٶ˵ʲô
ԹźͶ񺣶һۣ漴˳Զȥգ۹ʧ١
˴Ȼͣ
Ľʡ
󻤷Ľǰһݣ档
޷պκ鷳ɸ߸ҡ
ֻҪ۸֮ˣұ֮
ұ֮
ĸ֣쳹˷صݡ
ŻеǶѹʱĽѾˡ
ղŷʲô
Ϸ˳Żʵ
ղĽʡ
λ龭ϸһ飬Ϸȣϸߺ̫ˡ
Ľ٣Ӧ֪ǵĻǶôΰ󣡡
Ϸһ㽵գĻ֮УûĽɵӰΰ
ܿʹ˳ȥĽĴĻʣպ˭۸ǡ
Ϊ£ĽͨӵУһĴڣܶ˶òɻ񣬻ߵܣҹĤݡ
УĽȻЦˡ
֮Ծܾ˲ԹţһΪԹŵĵλһҪ˵Ľɣδڼ򵥣ҶԷַĽ֮ˣ㲻ҪЩ棬ҲҪծֻ
ϾĽɵ۾ݲԼ˱ģ˫棬ľܾ˲ԹţǴǾģֶΪأ
ƣԹȻҲ֪ͷĸ߲㣬̶ɳǿ֮ˣϲ֮˶ǰ𣬼пǹŻʡ԰ݷãޣĽɶӦΪǷ̫࣬ûл᳥

֮ϣ¹Ľ֮⴫һЦ
ĽСӣ㻹ҳ
ӣ𵴲񷣬һ
ȺˣĽ󺰴У
һ̣ϷŻͬʱһ
һߣʵɲ⣬･һЩǻ֮ģȴް㶯ҡ
δĽ׼߲̤룬Ҳ⣡
ϷȻ߶ŶȻ塣
ááã
˵֣ɼм
ޣݻĽʣ
ߵĻȴŵϷ˻亹ֱð
ޣ
ǿ֮еİμڡ
ԹǰȻһھȻ٣ֱš
ޣǴﵽ𾳽ǿߣһ𣬴ѹ塢ħ塢壬ΪһȻڲȴҲ۷֮һ԰ݷãºͣòϷ级Ȼ
Եȣҡȥ
Ϸ֮£˵ĿİͰ͡
תȴǱָûһš
£
Ľɣ˿ĽɿޣۣỨӿ
Ľɣݼʦ𣡡
Ľɼǰվǰȭһݡ
ȻѾΪһ֮ȴǲɶʵ˸ж
벻ٴѾɳز
̾˿ĽɵϣܵһɼΪǿԲԼ֮¡
ȫʦ̵
Ľɲȥ۽ۣǳЦڡ
ããã
ôҽȥ
ĵ˵ͷ漴˿ΧЦ
룡
Ľɲһơ
˵Ц߽Ľ֮С
Ľûһס
ʦǰӦҲΪ˽һ°ɣ
Ľɸһǿżɽֱʵ
ǵġ
޵ʼĽϣУĽѾ׳
ѾԼһĴڣǽ棬ȻԻȴûаտ
£ħǿʢԶʵ񡣡
ɡ塢岽ѣĽҪչҲܵ谭
ϴǲԹš񺣡ǰìܣϷǸͬʱҲ붨½֮Լ
ǷһµǰƣȻᵽϴ飬ǸȻڡ
ʦˣ֮¾ʹ˽ҹ
ǣ˵飬ͬСɣһ˿Ծģϸ֡
Ľɳ˫üһίܾ
˴νˣ˵ʮּ򵥣ֻĽɳλԹҵȲǲֿͬǿС
ͬʱ塢Ҳɳλһˡ
ɹŻʵΣ
ת̽Եʵ
ˣ²ض˵
Ľɰ˰֣ܾ
ĽĻʣһоҪΪΪɽ˽˸ڡ
⡭
Ȼ֪Ľɻܾȴû뵽̬˼ᶨĻᡣ
ڹŻʡ뷨Ľ֪ܲǰΪԼڵڶ飬Ҳã̶ȡ棬ĽȥɵӣȻӦ
Ϊʦ𣬱Ҫ𾴻еģȻ˻˵Ľ塣
ʦǰͣĽԶӭ
֮²Ҫᣬƻҵʦͽ塣
Ľɿޣ̬ᶨ˵



362 ս
˫üһ˼֮С
ڣ޵Ϣ˸оһɳصѹ֡
һΣ޺ƤǰĽɻһá
ڿҪǲܵˣǿԸ棬Ľˣްܡ
Ľͬڹ塢塢ɣһ˵ûռݶĵ̣һħðɴ䡣
ɡ塢ħ˫ضһʤһڣԣҪʱҪκϵһ
ǣҲħĶ֣ħǿʢ𾳽֮⣬ǿ߲ˣǿʮ֮࣬һɿֲ̤ƽκԶŵ콮סҹس˼ɵ˿̣սȼ
֮¡
޻δ˵꣬㱻֮Ӳϡ
ѵһҵݻᣡ
Űѹ˲ѹ֮ϿԿ߱ض
ɫ΢˲о˲ʮ˵ĿֲԼƽ
ûʮˣ
ʮ˿ȷʱ
һͫ΢΢һݣҲҪһ
̣Ůǰ
粡걣Ȼƣѹ
ǧʤ˾ħһŭݣǡ
ĪҶȡɽ̳һһ̤ȼޱս
ʮλͬʱ
ʮ֮ͨ˵ǴɢѾͨô򵥣ٿ԰ͬףԽս
ĽߣʮܣĽɵİ֮£Ѿ̤۷塣
һ纣޶Ϊ֮̾սҪϡ
粸˵ǰѾͻΪΪΪĵط
걡ǧʤ˫˫ڣһװƽۻҡ
˾ħĪҶȶѳΪ
ĪҶˣ˿ʵո̤ڣһҲҪߡ
ɽʵԲǴϢȻֻǳȴޱι̣һǿͨԲ
ʣʮλһ򽫻˲
ʮֵ⣬֪ܲ˿˿
ޣþò
粶ʺһ䡣
Ǻǣ벻ӣѾΪǿϲɺذ
޹ֻˬһЦ
ΪԽߣԽǸо޵Ĳƽ粼ܾöԷʵֻԼǿôһ㣬ټϳĺ֮Լɰʤ֮ڿһ㶼ûУҪޣֱ˵Ρ
ĽĿֲʵ֮Ҫ£뷨ʱɢ
Ľ˴ʲôܹùó㹻ĳ⣬ͱ롣
ĽСӣ˵ɣҪʲô
޶Ľɣ˿̲ǹؼ֮
£е˶ǿĽɣȴľ
Ľǻʣû˻ΥȥҲû˿Υһ֮ϡ
ҵҪܼ򵥣ÿɳλȻΪ
Żʡ֮֮£ҿԴӦ
ǣջõ棬Ľռĳɣ
Ľ޴ΪԾ粵ҲһȻ
ĽСӣҲ̫˰ɡ
ΪҪĳ棬ʲô𣡡
˿ݵ˵
߾޷ӦŻʡӲ˵֮Ҫóʵҵŷ
Ľĳ㣬ȿɷķڷ
Ľɵһ仰ڳɫ䣬漴粵޸롣
ÿһ˶ϣصĿޣֻҪĽһ¡
һ˲䣬Ǿͻһӵϣôλһ֣ҲΣ
ãȥһսûٻĴ
޴ЦһΪһ磬Ÿ߿շȥ
ĽɻȻ̣ϡ
֮УƵ֮䣬ɫ
籩꼴ϮŨѹ˴
Ľڣеͷſб仯Ľɵ֮󣬲ɵź
ĽʣַҪһ£ҵɱˣ
һ죬ս׼
񡢴Ѿжÿһ˶죬ֳɱûһս׼
ɫһһԿĽɵжǿǴսĽһǿˡ
ĽޣٲŶ
ʮλվԶҿĽ棬񷣬ԲСľͻС
ҲصģʦдһЩɢȥɡ
Ҫۿ˵֮⡣
ĽɵΪˣ·ÿһ˵ĶС
ԭҾ˵˸֡
ǲôԭĽʵʦ𡣡
ҲˣϷҿۿҵʵкܴİ
˷ĽɺεѵһҪ˵ˣ˷Ҫϸۿɴһ˿һ
ǣ֮⣬ǿ߻ۣһЩûĻִҲ˳
Ľ㣬۰һˣ
޻˵Ǵһ˿Ц⡣
ʱǿʢʱҲ龰ȴ˥ˡ
ʦˣӿҪˣСģ
Ľɰף䣬˳ƾָ֣ſ
һ߲ȻܳһԶžڿӭǣ

޵˵ͷмɫأаӡ
ֻ˫һ꣬һɫȻޣɨ˷
ɨ֮󣬷׷׻Ϊҽգ۹򣬾Ѿʧһ֮ࡣ
߲ӣɫԽԽŨ߲춯ء
һʱ䣬ĻУԣɨ䣬ǳ
˿̣ʮλˣսʵֲֻ̫һν棬ǾУ綼˲仯Ϊҽ
һ˫һգգĿųеĽɣаΪġ
ħ䣬£
Ľɰһȣ޾һһ֡
ɸߴɲǣһ
ǧɣڸƬգɫۼޱȣҫ˷
⣡
޳ЦһɫֹͣɨȻſĿâۡ
Զֻһ߲ʾһƬĿֵĵط˹ȥ
һײ޳ѣռѹ£سִĹѡ
ڴ˿ֻ̣⣬ֱ䡣
Ľһ̤ȼս𣬱գһȭ֮
ľľֲ֣һն䡣



363 Żʡ
䣡
ľȭͷֱײ
УӰԳź󷽱Ӷȥ
Ľ֣ɫƽûа仯
һȻĿľ˽Ϊ죬ǧ֮á
δܹˣһֱ޵ĵɱ˿Ľȭͷֱײûֱܽնϣһ˿ѺۣȻޱʹ
ò벻ѾɳزվҰ㡣
֪ʲô죬ˡ
ʱ޼Ӽŭ𣬲аСӣջľ
һ̣ϣ޾ڶҫķԵϢɨޡ
ĽΡȻƽޣҪԷܸʲô
ֻ󣬺з֮쭣˸ըһͷ͹ͽȻ֡
ͷ֮Уƣֻȫëһ׺ᡣ
˫ȼյĻ棬һɲƿԶϽ
һ̤ձѣĽɺȻѣԼļޡ
Գħ
ĽȻ𣬵ڷʱڵ伮濴벻ˡ
ûԳħҵĻޡ
ܹҾΪ֮
޴ЦһƺԳħʵġ

ԳħһԾ֮䣬кȻһ޴ӡ
˿̣Գħǧɵúʣ趯ⱬ䣬ĽȻ
һӴѹϯ˹ѣΪռǿĹĽҲаСӣתϸֵڰ׹ħڰ׹󽥽ŨҪ۳Ϊʵʡ
ڰ׹ܣĻһƬڰ׺ͽȻ֮䣬ڰ۳һɫʵһ㣬ſѪڣĿԨֲ֮
飡
ԳħİӳŻɫ䣬ֱײֱӽҧסƾԳħӵ֮ҲǺ˿Գħֻӣȭͷžȥ
䣡䣡䣡
ٴδȭһȭһȭͣһȭһȭϮ֮£𺳡
ɫҲȴûаɶԳħЩƣ
ССԳħҲҲ񣬲
ĽɵĻ¶ȻҪӦȴˡ
˿ֻ̣¡һը죬ɫ˻һȻѿ
Ľռһ𵴣ھ޴ܱĽɾһطĻĽ㲻٣ҲҪ˷ǡ
޴ըУ
ֻͨһһ㡣
һϵӰѪˣʤ

պ˼͡
һۣŵУ֮
һͷ޷Զɱ»֮㣬ִ֮ʡ
һһ̤նȥû˿ʵ
ȴλɴ˿ɼĵλ硣
֮ͬһӣ
һϮۣлë׺˸߹ݡ
ſӣʽͷڣ԰
ͬ˽棬ΪҲΡ
֮׷˺󣬹һݡ
Żʰã
ݼ
ˣǴ˵֮еĹŻʺ
Ż֮УΪμĴڣ
ͳһ֮۷ڣǵͨԿ⡣
ŻʡԼ٣ʧԶӭ
֪Ĵ˳һЦ⣬ǰ˵
ߣ£ٲҵɻȥˡ
һۣƮ˵ĹŻʣһĿ⡣
ǣǣһжϹ˽ûаϵ
Цһڱ㽫еΣƸޡ
ǷǺڰףоϣض˵
ȻڣףǿصĶߡ
˵²Ҳֵģ˵˵
治ɫ˵ͷ
ߣ
üջĿ⣬Ŵȥ
ʱ˿̣ڵеȴ
ͷҳ
һ̤֮УǴùһҡΡ
Сӣôп
һϵһΰϤӣӳ
ޣ˿һӵƶ겻ĺһ㡣
ɫ˲ѿȥԼޣڶԷ֮С
λ룡
һƣ漴ŻǰУ
λ񣬹Żʡֱ࣬еǿվ
⡢衢׷׵ǣλӶǸոսãЩǿʵޣҲ;λ塢嶼Ҫϲ٣ɥʧʸ
λǰӦΪĽɵ֮ɡ
ֱԲ䣬ֱӽ룬˵˳
Ҫ֪кʵҳΪĴ֮
ңʨӴ󿪿ڣһ˶ռĳ档
Żɫһüͷһá
ĳɣҲ˵ֻ㣬Ľʲôʸռݴͷ
Ȼ˽վڹҴǰѡ˹Ϊء
Ȼ˵ûô̶ⲻӣһڣ̡
ҿĽĵӣ˲ٵĺôɡ
Ŀޣ̬Ǽڽ
ŻԣǰȻһʶ˵
ߣѵȡ˻ؿۣ
ޣ㻹ˣô˻ʦͽִ֮лȡ棡
ŻһţȻѹִյʱѹ
˿̣ҲŭѣһޣȴĻش
޳Ĭûж˵ʲôΪЩԶ׼飬Բ̰ͼ档
ĽƾʵңҲ
Ľʵۺ񣬾ҵȿսʤ
ļսʤ֮ĳΪ֮λΣ
治ɫŹŻʡ˵
ôһ˵߾üͷ
ȷĽʵڲƭҵȣ
Żʳޣʵ
Ϸλཻ֮ãʱ䵽Ҫƭ˵ļˡ
ҡҡͷЦһŻԣòż֡
ҵȾĽ֮Уһ
ۼˣ˵
飬ͬǰĽĽɱһȣ
Żû˿ԥİ塣
˫üһЩǰĽĽһԲϴֵĻĴһ£ްܣǼĽȻĶʱĽɽ棬֣ȻĽɲһƴɱֻܾˣⲻҪĽ
Σ
ŻʿѯʶԷ
֪ϵܺãȻδǵĬ̶ȣѾﵽ˺һĵز˿̣ͷӦô飬ҲͰ϶ˡ
¡
ˣ֮С
޼״˵ͷ


364 ħ
ðɣ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ󣬵ͷӦ
¾ôˣ֮ǰĽ
ҵ֪ĽʲôʵԳΪĴ֮ף
ŻʰȻһЦлصݡ
Ϊ˵ľˣһֱԼȴʼ޷Խޡ
˴ǰĽһᣬܹյסᱩǣԽ޾Ρ
ֻˡ
̾ϢһֻϣĽܹӵסŻս
ڴ˿̣һ죬ڶ֮лص
ʲô飬ȻΣ
ŵ⣬һȻ˵
Ÿ߿գ䣬Ҫ޿
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Σʱ򣬲Żֵľӹ񣬳ֵĴΣÿһζٻΣͷսһΣһȫһ

֮⣬һٵĺ

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κˣ֮ǰΣ˵һδ֮бɱδ뵽ճһﵽ硣
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ٺܿ죬һһӡ
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Ҫ֪սʱ򣬶Էһʱ䣬Žƣ˲Ϣ͹ˡ
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ǺãǺð
꣬˿̻˵ϷչԼܹӹپˡ
ӭսͬʱǰĽѰԮ
ʱ޺ȻڣﴫС
ԶԶԣսףǰĽѰ֧Ԯ
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һ̤ҪߣȻҽС


Ȼ˶񺮡
ȻתֻһӰ˸ֻצֱ𶴴λࡣ

ʱӰЦ
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һ̬ᶨɡ
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365 
֮зƱã򣬴˿̹塢֮ҲΣ
ǿޱȣĴ£һȺޣŹһٿըԹǿޱȣϱ֮ͨӿ̿࣬ӵһǿߵǰǲһ˭˼Ӵ
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ˣħ֮һƬܣߣȴһƬš
Ȼʱˡ



366 
֣֮ûһ˻᲻֪
˾֪ΨһһӵΪǿߣ𾳽ʵ
սҲֻܽӡĴȴ䣬޵Ϊ
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ǰֻһƽħ֮ǶԷȫĽɻһ˲֮ܡ



367 㲻ɱ
ǹ
Ľɳһָ޿ŭɽ
һĻ֮УŨ֮ǹȻۡ
գ۹ǹûԲܡ
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375 Ҳ
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ʧҲʹԼһѾʧܣǳȥ³ֻлȪ
ɴһͬ꣬ħӿա
ҲǲʾӶӰ֣ŭ
֮⣬˸ʩչͨǽϱɺỹǲ˲١
죬ʯǿߡ
ÿһιǽСģ³ΪԷɱĿꡣ
֮֮ĴڣҪǿһЩ
ʯ˵ʵʮϡ
ÿεֿĹ춼һ־ҪѪĸоܵش༸Ҫѿ
Ȼڴ˿̣һĹ˹ǿ
ʱоԼôĽҵĹƺһľԼ
Σʱ̣Ȼ֣һѸ׵ĹȻĹֿ
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ս
һӿȻϯ˹ȥ
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оһĿȻʯռϷ磬䵱λȫֿ
Уһβû˿ԣеʱ򣬻Ҫ˾
ʵĲ࣬ɡᰵԽп࣬ʱ˿̣ߵͷ
ֻͷ˲ɢȥߵĻ֮ǰһŬȫһ
Ϊ˵õ𴫳У̶̽أѰͻơ
飡飡飡
һʯȻ֣Ŀ꾹Ȼ졣
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ңһҲ޷һʯ֣Ҳǲܵ顣
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ѪŽŨصѪζ
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ʣµɡᡢ¡Ԫڤ𡢳壬ռƣǣսϣñһӣһ߼Ӳ̶ر
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ӰһֱڣһһУȫĽɵС
ЦʯȻܹõƵķԼսᱩ
ѣְæѵҪȵҵȫ𣬲ųô
ؼʱ̣ޣȻڡ
ĻɺҲһ
ǵʶȻޱӴ󣬽ϱҪǿ󣬵׺ηʥܹǵǰԲ¶˿ϢҰй۲ôʱ䡣
²ȻĽĳĴڣ
޲һĽһ̤ȻƣȻ
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Ľѿôõʱ䣬Ҳÿˣβҵһѡ
ȫ֣նɱʯȻȡڰ𴫳С
üͷ˵
һۼĽɵʱ;ĽɲƽڿԼĲ²û
Ľɲ򵥣ܽ֮ãܲ˷֡
Ҳܣ
Ľҡҡͷ̬Į
Ľĳ֣Ǽˣ
㡭˵ô죬ĪҪһֱţ
ɫһ¶֮ɫ
ˣɱ㣡
ԣ
Ľ˵꣬ͦˣΡȻ֣ս֮⼫Ũ

ŭһ̧־Ҫչ
ȵȣ
ĽɺȻһʹٶһ
ô˾͸£ҿһ
ῴĽɣЦڣϳ֮ɫ



376 Ҫ£һȫʬ
ᣬôû˼
ҶһҰˣԸ⸶һС
ȰˣҪңȻǿһϣ
ĽɺȻЦˣЦȻЦİ¡
ĻԳһû뵽˿
Ϊʵ󣬾Ϊ׵ļʯҲ޷ս
ÿһӵһĵƣңŵð֮еǿܵв
Ƭ֮ѹ漴Ц쳹
Сӵǲ֪ҵ˭
ȻҪȫ㣡
ŭһɱ
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͸սʵǣһУͬһֻϡ
Ľһ̧ӿޣ֮ѹ¡
ʱסˣֻǸоһȻѹֱԼϯëΣʱ򣬲Żֵѵ
뵽᲻аɣǿֶʩչ˷˲һƬħΪһľſѪڣʵڣȻ¡
䣡
ǿ󹥻ײһ
ʱоԼ弸Ҫѿ

һҺѪħҪɢ
Ҫ£һһȫʬΪá
Ľޱ飬ָ濪繳˹ȥ
˲䣬̽˳ȻһѪܵࡣ
һʵıۣȫޣȪ
ʧɫʯƺ֪ڧҲ֣վһԣ֮
Һֻ·һ
ɫأû뵽Լ൱Ȼһ˲֮䱻ԷһҵԼ³һϸһ룬òƲ̫ܣѾܾûгֹ𾳽ǿˣֻһʱ⡣
ɡ¡ԪڤͬʱĽɳɱΨԭأһ
ȻǾɡ
Ľڣ磬⼤
ڿһģĵֱλ𣬱Ӷȥ
ʩչǿƣĽɵܿġ
¡ԪڤֱӶüģ
ɲ֪ʩչʲôȻֿסĽɵĹźȥ
ϧһ˲䣬ĽɺȻɵǰʳָüģħ
λ𼸺գ֮䣬Ľ󲻵
һҵ֮Ľȡǵʬ壬
ҪƺΪڰ𣡡
ĽһתڶԷϣһĨǳЦ
Ŷòͳɳֵزܺáܺá
ڵǺڰҲôƺС
ڵʵ֮УѾеˡ
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ǺǣԺϸ˵ڰĴУұҪõ
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Ľɵ˵ͷֿ̬Ͽңûа١
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ؿռ֮󣬾ֱһ̳֮С
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ĽɻȻſ˫տȻȻʮչأʵ˲١
ڴ˿̣ڰͽȻǰ˿̵ĺڰȻǺ׷ͯա
һͷѩ׷֮£һ
һ֣һ̤㣬ɢһȻѹ
ĽĿźڰ³֡
𣡡

ڰЦһƺϲ֮У˵
ڵңӵΪڽľ֮УҲΪ״ڡ
֮սҲҵһݣ
ѵ𣬾ͻǵ׵Ĵڣ֮սʲô
Ľ¶ɻ󣬶Щδš
㲻֪Ҳڽ֮Уһձ飬ΪҲ£Ҳŵȣ֮е֮еİμڡ
м䣬һ磬ǱʥߣΨʥߣڽ֮иһ
ҲҪŬȡջָʥΪ
ڰûа֪飬ͳͳ˵˳
ָΪѵ֮ǰʥ֮ϵľ磡
Ľɿźڰ˫֮¶ǰδеĺȻ֮ɫԽԽ飬
ûΪۣ
ڰͷ˵
Ľԣ̲ס˼
ǰĺڰ˫֮УֻŨŨĲš



377 پ߿ܡǧ
ȸ֮ϣһ꣬վǰڡ
պ󣬶Ľͻ׵ˣԵõʹ͡
Ľһ֮УãƬĽ򡣡
ĽĵһպĽ벻ǣٻҲȴǡ
Ļħһ֮лصѪڣ԰Ρ
ĽʺĽ֮Ծ
ʱаȿڣҲ˼Լݣ
ĽʺĽ֮Ծ
ţ˵
ĽʺĽ֮Ծ
ͬĺ죬쳹˷

ʱţգۼ䣬ʮ¡
ʮ֮Уȸǵı仯ڴ񣬼һΪĽ
Ľɨ֮еڶͳһ
ռȸ֮ĽʵչҲ½½ռ죬Щ֮вǿߣҲмĽǿʵǰǲòͶѡ񳼷
Уľаӡʯ
ʯѾĽɽǲаӺ˲ǲ
ʮʱĽһֱڲ֮ҲһЩԭ󷨷棬Ҳûж˽⣬õ󣬲Ľ뵽󷨵ĵ֮УĽɣ֮УҲǶСɵĴʦˡ
֮ĽĹؼڣ֮ҪƼʯĿܣĽ˵ΪҪʶ֮⣬󲿷ֵʱ䣬֮棬ڵҸо֮ѾСɣʼֳ
ܣһľһʱȥѰңǶĽ˵ȴǲѣһ£аѰңһЩϡвϣǳԭŵˣеǿ߲ʮˣǶģʵǣĽɵİҲǼ
ȻΪ˵ľˣԴû뵽Լһ죬Ȼܹôֲĵز
Ľվڵ⣬Χˣ˭ҲҴ׷ȥ
̨ڷŵĸϡвϣĵ˵ͷ
ľҺѪ
ѾȫͿҵֶΣܷɹƳˡ
Ľɫأּ̧䣬һȽȽڣֳɫʣΡ
ųһȼաӣ漴Ϊߣһ˹ȥ
˿̣һе˿֮Աǡ
һʼҵĴգңΪҪǣȻȫһ𣬾ʦҲǴеƳɹȻеһ
ĽеĻ棬ӵϵȼţЩڻ֮УһڻΪҺ壬·һ֮ϡ
˶ӷǳдһɹϲɣϢһʱţЩУȫҺ̬ڴ֮зɿ
һѹƶڵıͬʱҪƻ򣬲òϷϵһ̣Ľɲ֪ƿܵѣرǾϵģΪҪĵط
ĽɵһԴԴϻ۹ȥЩȼյĻ֮󣬷׷ױùƺԤԵ壬ηӣģҺ壬ֳһ˿Ρ
ھ壬кܳһξ룬۳ҲûȫɹΪֻеһ򵥲裬ҪĻǿܵĿ̻ⷽ棬Ľо˺ܾãֹУҪѧϰ֮ˣڿ̻ܿ˺ܴĹ
һ߿ܵжǿ˲֮⣬뻹ߵĻ棬ߵĻһҪ೤ʱ䣬ͿƳһǿĿܡ
Һ壬̣һʯͷʯͷ̺֮Ӵ

Ľ˿Ķ۳͵ʯͷһ̽ſָ
ָ֮УɿתһѰѷɨ
ಣ
ȫʯͷ֮ϣֻõôûʯͷֱӱѿ
ĽɵļһһģĶȥһܡ
ǰ֮ĽɫȻ˴ȻûʧܣɹˣҲΪͽ׵Ĵڡ
ǣûзģĶԼף̻
ĽɵļղϽǸģĶ˼ɣ͸ԡ
֮󣬵һǳ̻ϡ
һɽĸо뵱ܣû
˴˿̣Ľɲ֪߿ֻһƷлûעꡣ
һע꣬ǲŽĿܣӵвѷ˵ս
Ҫл꣬ǺҪһ㡣
ĽɵѡǷֳԼһ˿ʶΪ꣬ơ
һˣԥֱӷֳһ˿ʶ֮֮С
һ̣ܷ˴һ㣬ǣȻ
ɶ񣬾ҲҵĿƣô
Ľɴһˣݡ
֮󣬵ʱ
ĽȺֱȥע֮Ӧµ壬ֻҪ˳һϾʹ󹦸ˡ
˼֮󣬲ûгʲô⡣
ʣһƣɹˡ
Ľɲȥͷϵĺˮ¶ǳЦ
ȻɹˣƳĿܣֻܷӳս
Ҳ˵߿ܹܲһ⡣
ԴĽѾǳˣϾԼĵһƣ˳ɾǲס
ڽʱĽɳڷ֮Уƽһһߡ
˺¾һߣʱȥƳһپߡ
һٸܳ͵ʱѾӵ˺Ŀֲʵ
ưٿķĽϰپʬ壬Ĳϣʱаˡ
ʬ壬ڱΪȱٵĶΪϰٸ壬ϹҲ޷ڶʱڴ룬Ľȴǿԣ֮ǰնɱôǿߣ˵Ҳ٣ټϣռ̣ͶĻ˵Ƿģ³ֻлȪԣõʬ⡣
ôܣĽɻЩʧ䣬ϾûƳʯֻý뷨£㹻Ľʵһ֮ˡ
ʱ䣬ĽҲûţаӵˣϵ̲һЩЩʵȫΪĽء
棬ޱߣĽռݵĵطֻǱɽһǡ
ڱɽһ֮УȴӵǿߣÿգͿһ
µսĽɵʵܿʹﵽ˰
һҪͻֻʱԼ𣬻ңңڡ
ڵĽѾӵǧˣûȷǧ֮ࡣ
ҲζţҪǧǿĽУУмβǿߡ
Ľٷչ֮󣬴ʱ˿̣ǿߣѾǧ
ǧĽϰ֮⡣
а£ռ֮࣬ǱҲռ㡣
ģɢɢͶ
ЩеĲеȴǲֵΣá



378 ƨ
һգĽһλǿ߱һлܡ
棬ȫۣλһлܣ泹ɨء
Ҫ齵䣬ҸһѡĻᣡ
Ľڣڵɱ¾ѾһǾնݳ
ǹ齵ĽɿڣһūӡԷպ䡣
ǲӦĽֻĺһЩǵ
ߣҪɱɱԣ
λ̬ᶨǾķ꣬Σţëѿ͸
һ˲䣬ǵʱһϯĽɵͨϮ˹
飡
ɲǣһɲ֪ͻȻ˳ĽԷԵ˼
Ǻˣ
ĽĿˡ
ߣϷвգ𣡡
ǰһЩֵߣĽ˵
٣
ƨ
Ľ뵽̲סЦˣԷʵ̫졣
ʱаӡЦǺռӴ󣬺ò׻һҵ˲ȴû뵽ȻǿߣȻ֮е̳һܲסĿֲ
һһӳޣѹ¡
Ľƽһݣ˿̣ǺǰĹ٣Էֻ֮еĵ״ڣ˵䲻ģĽҪɱ£ǣڵĽȴһ뷨һҵնԷ֮ͻƵ׼ľ硣
ĽһⱬŹϯ˹ȥ
⣬һ빶ֱײ
ڶȴֱؿڻȥ
𾪺δ뵽ǰȻӵôǿʵ
ԭΪĽֻһСʵѡ
ǣڿĽɵʵѾﵽ𣬶ҲԼ֮¡
˫һϼۣΪһͷͷޡ

Ȼײ
һ̣𵹷˳ȥʺ졣
ĽûмĮĿŶԷ
ͬʱսԼ۾ȷԼûп
һûֻһѣ㽫ܡ
˵֮еǿߣĤݵĴڣһܲס˲ˡ
õĽɵʵֲʲôز
˿̣аӵ˿Ľɵ񣬱òͬˡ
ΪĽɵƽ׽ˣΪֻһͨѡ
ʱദеʱҲҷһЩû̫ܵ
ڿĽʵɲ⣬ľ绮֣ǲ֪
Ψһ֪ǣĽʾ򵥡
㡭
ؿڣһ仰˵
һͼȡĽĳʵ֪
Ľɿ˵ĹлһĨڽ
Ҫɱ㣡
ŭû˸Һô˵
ŭһĸ顣
ʱǿʱʹ
Ľҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʱʲôҲȥ͵վ˹ȥ
Ҹһλᡣ
ҲֻҪܻңұ·
ĽɵĻ֮ʱȴ˿ڷ
ֻĹĽɵϣƺһ̣ҪѪŽ
Ȼ˾̾һĻˣĹϣûаѪĽ
˸оͺƴһƬ֮УĽɵӰʧ

ڹ𾪻ŵʱĽɵӰͽȻ֣һһ䡣
ֱӱɳȥһйƤ򣬵Ʈ衣
ĽӰһٴʧԭأһ˲䣬Ȼ˹ǰֱ̽Ӷ˶Է塣
ҲŹ㣡
𾪺֣һǿҵĿ־ʱ򣬾ȻҪԱ
ֻǿϧˣҪԱҲû˿ᣬΪĽѾ궼ûа
Ľ䣡
˿̣Ľߴ޴󻶺ϡ
еˣʱǴսһʣĽ߶ȫʤ
ĽϣҵȣԸ⳼
µ˵֮УӼֽš
Ľ΢΢ͷߵ֮ҵһ֮չ
һΣ壬ܹɹʵܴǡ
̺ΪӴȻϣʱҲ޷ȫ
һĻ۵Ľɵ֮Уܿ죬Ѿ֮һ֮ࡣ
֮һľʮű壬ǶĽ˵ȴûа⡣
ԴԴϵľڣһ̣ĽɸоԼʵڲ
ٶ֮죬޷ݣһ֮£ǿ߶Ҫݱܷâ
ȫĽɽǿʲôز
ĽɵѾɰɸߴ⻷ƣһ־Ҫĸо
һվһ趯һһʽ÷ǳޱȣҹͬꡣ
УȻ䣬ֳĽɵӰӡ
ÿһӰӶǿޱȣһʵڵĸо
ʱţѪ⾫ȫմ˿̵ĽѾﵽǧɴСǿƥ
ôľĽɻûа취ʱȫʱֻħһЩ
ĽʩչģħͨÿһŶǿֲǳ֮Ȼ¡
飡
һȭȻ䣬޵ʱѷ졣
ȭ糱ˮһ㣬ǰûȥ
û֣ͣҹʩչʱڵһġ
оԼͨӸˣͶ֮䣬ӵĪһɾء

һƴħۣ֮Ϊһŭ졣
֮УһĽɵĲӰö֮ӰѾ衣
Ľһָ£Ȼһգ£̼صڡ
һĵĹ֮Уʣ֮ࡣ
õһ𾳽Ѫ⾫жôĿֲ
µľĽɴȵԺսʱá
Դӻһҵ֮ԽԽѡ齵Ľһȥ
һЩϢֻѡһǳǨƣĻȴǵΨлȪ֮·
һ죬ĽɻŬʱ뵽һּΪľ硣
еĶһ㶮᲻ʧȥҪסˡ
ƫƫؼʱ̣Ȼս
ΪĽķչٶ̫ˣռôĵ̣
ϢܿʹһЩĶ
Щһ۰һʱҪǳǲܵ顣
˵ˣĽʵڹڿеˣѾ
ԣŻ׼ɱĽɡ
𣬷ֱͳ
𡢸
죬ǧɨѾ˲Ľռݵ
аӲ䣬㣬֮󣬶һ١



379 
Ľʣ²ã²á
аӴҴҸ
ʱɽ֮⣬ɽ֮ھĽĵط
Ǹط˭ҲܽȥţаҲ⣬Ľٻ
Դ룬³ֻ·һ
ʲô飬ţ
ĽɵĴ˿̵֮УֻǷֳһ˿ԪѣǱ
𡢸ΧĽ᧿Σ
а̬٣˵ص㣬ûһƪۡ
Ϊ֪Ľó֮ϱҪٱ
ĽʩչԤ֪֮˲˽ǰ
˿̣ûа㾪ţڹڱչصһĨ΢Ц
صģɳһ߷ܣһͬܵˡ
Ȼûнš
ĽɵĻа˿һ߷ܣܹ
Ҫ֪ǰĿǴ˵֮е𣬲ԱĴڡ
תһ룬Ľʵɲ⣬Ǹаϣ
ǣĽʣ
аӵͷӦһ̣һâƾո֣ǰ˸ݡ
âϱ֮УΪһʲ꣬Ľɡ
֪ΪΣڵĽɣϲԼո̤֮·ʱӣǴ档
߰ɣ
Ľɻ֡ʧԭأаӴ·Ҳ֪ġ
ĳ֮ϣλȻѪѪ֮һֲֿо
ǵ󣬸ǧȻӣʵǿ֮
˿̣һѪȣȻеǿߣѾ
һԴˣһأǻϾͳɹˡ
ģһ͸ֻҰɫʵӣȻڡ
ε˵ĲֻԴǽ䱸ɭϣ˵Ľɻפء
ҵҪ׼ʱȻһս
һ׳˶ɽӿڵţӵ޾
Ѷˣҵ֣ҲҲ񡣡
ĽֻһСС𣬶˽֮еİμڣûз֮
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û˵꣬ĽȻ֪ԷҪ˵Щʲô
ģ˵ó𣬲Ц
ûʲô⣬۰ɡ
Ľɽϣ˿ڲ裬赭д˵
˼ڿˮô꣬˴ϵĲΣǰεǴжҪɵѡ
һιҩģܶ඼мУһλҲܹӵһ˾ǧѰҰҲܹȫ
Լһ£ҲҪǧʯЩϳﱸ
̬أĽòǮӡ
ҲⵥɣȻ١
ǧʯô㿴Щֵʯ
ĽǳЦһ̣һâ˸䡣
ţ㶵ΪһĻΪֲĻ档
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ǻƼɱǻƼÿһޱȣܹ
ʱ˿̣ȴϰ֮ࡣ
ˣ㹻ˣЩɱֵʯʣ࣡
л֮ɫһһɵĻԼٿ׬ʯ
ʯɲһСĿҪһλܶǧܻ꣬
Եȣ̸ﱸ㣡
ײײ˳ȥĽ̩ɽĬȴ
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ҴԵһ£Щɱֵһǧʯ
㹺ҩģһǧʯһһǧʯ֪͹ۻҪƷô
ˣ
Ľɰ˰֣ʱӻͳһŽɫƬ
ֻٲʸӵУһ¡
պˣܰŻݣʣµʯȫڿУԼһ¡
ĵ
Ľͷӹ𿨣
Ǵ˳ȥˣ˶ᰵʶ
֮еĹΪ֣߲ʡɫɫͭɫֻйһĶߴﵽ𾳽ſԵõӵйܰ˾۵Żݣֻа˾ۣΪӴ
ܾۣɫͨѵõΨйƷһ֮Żõе裬ϵĽɫޱȣӵд˿һλ
߲ʹδΪѾʹùˣҲֻǰӶѡ
һºһᣬӭ¹٣
Ľɣ¶һֺõӡ
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ĽɵͷӦҲ뿴֮Уʲôö
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˿֮⣬ʶˣܹƳĽʵԷĽ֮Уǿǧ֮ࡣ
ĿܣҲһǧҲһɿֲֻȴûһǿߣĽΪƵĵط
һιУҩĶ𵤵ģֻڵˮƽǿ󣬷Ļֱ𵤣𾳽ˡ
֮У׵磬죬ž
ÿһεĽƵҩĵ١
Щ˵ûаӰ׵ֱӺԼ
ĽƵĶ붼ǿܣϵĲϣ㹻һپߺڿܣڼʯЩ֣Ľɲԡ
ڵĿܣĽɵĳɹѾﵽ߳ɣ޽ӽ˳ɡ
ʧܵҲûл𣬶ǽΪܣҲޱǿ
Щ֮㿪ʼʶ
ʶĽɵ̶ȸߡ
һʶܶԻȡ
ǣĽҪ𵤣ԣ֮˺ܴĹ
һͽȻ֣·ȼգһҺ̬Ķ淭ڡ
ĽɳŬƵУʶ֮ϣӵԼһףޱȣʵܿ죬ŨŨҩ˱Ƕ
ʱ֮Уܲ߿裬ĽȻ䡣
Ľ˫üһÿʶʱ򣬶ֵ١
ɵҩĽĵ٣Ϊǿˡ
䣡
һȻը
Ľ˲Ҳֿը
֮Уȴû˿оನת¶һ˿ǳЦ
һϵĺըһαһʱ䲻ϵţѾа˵
ǵھŵǿƥлһ⡣
¡
Ľɺըһ֮ƣֱԿǿߵһˡ
ȻĽɵʱȻûаֿԼϡ
׽ڶȹʱĽɿеĵҩ֡
Ϊ˿еĵҩѾﵽƷҲ˵ӵоųɵļʽ
ûдǾųɣ
ųɵļʣǶôֲ
ֻҪ˲ǵù´˵֮󣬻϶̤硣

Ҳǰμڣվڽ
ĽѹеľȣųɵĳɹʣȶĻԼɵĻܹƳ𵤡
ȻֻɣǣĽԼۺƸܹƳһöǣƳ𵤣ֻɻ
൱ھŷ֮һļʣŷ𵤵ĲϣƳĵҩһ𾳽硣
Ҫ֪𵤵ĲǶôֵԣĽɻҪԼˮƽٴ
̤𾳽֮ƣĻʾ͸ˡ
ʱĽɷʶ
ȴ֪ΣѾƽ



384 
ףôоǸСӵϢ
Զһϣһü˵
Ȼˣڲ֮ǰͶԼ֮ʱҪ
ǱˣȻһЦֻҪ뵽ͱٳȥ
˲ͬѾ˽׵۷Ϊṳ́ؽס
ʱҲһСԣҲԷϡ
ʱ򣬸оϢļһģһ
ˣұȥ
ӻΪһ磬ֱĽĵطӿնȥ
˲ض˵ֻ˿ֻһͶӰѣǱ٣ı廹˴ֻ˵֮лһˡ
С֣
һŭ
ʱ֮еĽɣپһɳѹԼȻ£Եֿ
˭
ĽֹͣΪһ磬˳ȥ
飡
Ľɾֳƣһ֮£һֻɴ֣Ӻڰ֮âȻ䡣
Ҳǲʾһһ͸ľֱײ
ĽƮ죬ˣǰӵ񣬻һ˿Ȼ
ºˣΪô˶
ĽɲȥѪڡ
ǵã֮ǰһս
˵챾ȡ
ЦĽǼڽ
ԭǣ㵽˭
㲢޳ԹҪΪСŪôҶã
˿̣ĽȻܵΣһЭ
ϻ˵ȻӦǣȻҪˡ
һ̽һħȻĴ˳ȥ
ڿŤۣΪһħֱӺɨ˹ȥ
Ľԣһ

û뵽Ȼ
ţ֮ҲǺպתŲйĴš
˵ܹһ˶սλǿߣնɱԷ
ǰûôȻֻһͶӰѣһʵȴס
ڵĽɣܹս𣬵ǣȴκβãܹ߾ˡ
뵱ǧҶ̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬ɴ˿ɼ֮Ĳࡣ
ôĿΪĽĳô
ĽɺҲûаôΪˣֻ֪ս
ͶҲ·һԣĽҪսʤԷҸߡ
¡¡
Ľһȭǧɾȭֱ֮ϯӵޱѡ
һϱĽɻҪǿᣬ֮ʩչĽɺɨ˹ȥ
ĽɵȭͷܿͱԷֿʱֻȫ赲
һʵңתΪޱȣб
Ľɵһ֮£һиУ˷
գΪһżΪӴУƬգֱϯ˹ȥ
ֳ̧ȭ裬ȭӰХ
ɲǣ˫ٶײһǿɨ˷
ȣȣ
ĽӺˣҵĹƾһ֮ѿ⡣

Ľס֮ٶȳ
һֲͨޱȣ籩һ㣬ԴԴϵĺ˹ȥ
к¡֮ʱĽѾȫʵ
ӦԾ׾٣üչĽɷʤ಻ԡ
ҹ
ģ˼ֲͣ任֮촩
ͬʱĽҲʩչǿ֮ͨ⣬ȣǲ̫Զ
ٶƮ죬Ųˣʵֻÿֲˡ
䣡
Ȼ֮䣬һֱӴеĽɡ
ֻٺˣڵһ㣬֮УѪŽ˵Ĳᡣ
ǣĽɲûߣ񣬺ӵ޾ս֮ȻϮȥ
ͫһĸоĽɵʵÿܴ֮󣬶Щ
ȻٶȺǻȴʵڡ
ڵľĽѾˣֻû¶ѡ
˷ʱ䣬һȪ
һȣ֮УΪ֮ɫ
䣡
쫷裬ŭš
飡
һ䣬һֻ̽ԵĹѡ
˴ιĽܹɶһӥ죬ȻĹһ˲֮䱻˹ȥ
ǿޱȵϯſֲܣȻѾﵽȫһ
Ľüͷ˫ַϱ仯֮£Ƭգںһǿͨʩչ
飡飡飡
£ӭĹǱֿ
һЦһ˲䣬޲𣬶ԷȻǰ
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䣡
ǿɢ
Ľһ㣬˳ȥգۼǧ֮⡣
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ĽսⰻȻս׵Ʊתħ֮Ϊϯֱը
״֮ģ˿̣Ҳо˼ѹƺǰĽҲмԼɵʵ

һӣһⱬĽɵĹֱײ
ĽɱˣסٴηһαһңƲɱĲݡ

ŭȻ죬˫ӣ󹥻ǿޱȣն䣬Ľɿ⡣
˫ȭײһɲǼ䣬Ľɾ͸о˺ѷεʹֱһƬ飬ƺҪϵһ㡣
ǣĽɲûֹͣҧʹ࣬һͨͣĵĳը˹ȥ
ûа£β˷ͬʱһӴ
һ֮ע䣡
¶Цһ㣬һɭȻϢ
һ
֮ɨǵصѹ޷󷢺
Ҳ䣡
Ľᶨһ̤
˫֮䣬üѿ߲֮ۺȻ֡
£ӳϣ֮ס
ʱĽɼԤԵ壬ʩչȫҪһս
ըȫɸɾ
飡
գۼ䣬Ľɵǰָſ繳ֱӲ˽ȥ
ָող֮УĽɾ͸о˲ʹæˡ
ʱ֮УһŷĽɺɨ˹ȥ

ĽɲҺһͻĹԷ
ҵϯ֮£Ҫѿ
ȡȡ
ĽѪ˿ɼǣɭȻֲ
ƽڰ֮Уȫǿվսⲻ㡣
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ħת죬ɢһӴơ
˿̣Ľɣ֮к֮ٴ
Ľһȴ˲Ȼ֪Ҫʩչһ
һǿҲҪ



385 
죬˭Υңضɱ
գ͸䣬պҵĺպս֮Уضһʣ
ףĽ̡
ּ䣬ڹţһɫ裬Ľɱ˹ȥ
ôħÿһǿޱȣ𾳽䣬ֲܣԶ
ʱĽɸû⣬ȫʢʱڣҲ޷ֵ
ҪҲҪһ
䣡
Ľɵͨײգ֮䣬ħ֮ɵĸɸɾ
˿̣ϯĽɣӭĹۡ
ǿ֮·߱ڵԼѾˡ
ȴĽɣѹʱֻо޹ʹȴûзֵйȻţΪһɫ֣Ȫһ̣Σһ˲䣬Ľʶģε飬ʲôҲ֪ˡ
˭
ۼԼĹֿŭ֮࣬мء
Ǻǣۣþò֮粻갡
ȥһλ뷢԰׵˳
òͨ壬ŶЦ
㡭ǡ
˿֪ԼǴӺɽת˲ֻ࣬һͬתĺѣǰʶԼˣǰԼûмǣԷȻԼȫһȻԷߡ
ͨϹߵͷҼһΡ
ʱһòģԸᣬѼǰ;
߹һЦ˵Ļʹɫͨ졣
㡢ǣ
δ뵽ϼһȻ֮У˵ͷܡ
¡һ
ָ΢΢һһ˲䣬Ȼѿ
СӣϷɳ֮ǰֻܰһˡ
һΣҪԼȥӦˡ
ЦЦΪһĨ⣬֮С
ԭʼϹӳһҵ㣡
ʱ֮дŭ
ͬһʱ䣬͵һѪǿжһ񶾵Ľڵķ

ĽʱѾ֪ȹ˶ʱ䡣
оԼ֮Уʹò
ҵʹԳܣ亹ֱ˺þòǿ
ʱ˿ܣԼȻڶ֮С
ףôҲô
ĽɸоԼͷͣһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ҫоЩۣʱ˿̣֪Լû䣬֮С
ΧĽǿվ
ʣ࣬Ѿҵʹռݡ
Цһȡö̷ȥ
㵤ҩûаЧڣȴɳĮ֮еһˮȼü֮
µҩĽȫתɫ˺˿Ѫֹͣʣϡ
ĽϥһĻָơ
һʱ䣬ת˲š
ʱ֮УĽһֱڻָԼʵ
һ̣һɫâǰ˸ſۡ
ȻɫȻЩ԰ףǣЩ˿Ѿȫˡ
ǰĽâĻ֣̌һ㣬洫
ѣУἴʼ
ˣǶԷֺԼ˹
ֻҪһķΧ֮ڣͿԽյԷĴ
һʼĽҲû⣬벻ʱ֪ͨԼ
ҵҪϣʲôö
ڵңֻһ֮ңһս֮֮Ѿ򡣡
Ψһȱٵľ㹻ȥĻֻҲ޼¡
Ľ̾˿
̤ͨ𾳽ˣʵԽǿҲ͸ѡ
ĽҲһΪʵ̫ǿᣬȻΪز֮
Ҫߵľ磬ȻҪܿ顣
һս֮Ͽͻˡ
ϧǣһսڹ𣬻дõѾȫĴͻƵֻʱ¡
Уһ۵ӣеſڡ
֮ǰв½½ǰȥ
ɫͭɫ
˶ǳɫĹ
ģȺ֮һɧȻһóһŽɫ
꣬Ľһ˿ɵȻλǿߣѹܹӵнɫ
󣬸ĸؽ⵽ǶôǿĴڣӶ𣬶һǵؽס
ţһò˫׵Ůӻ
һˣѩеĺ÷ˣɴסգȴڲס
Ů˵Ŀ⣬кüʵģӡ
λӣŽȥү߰ɣү
ʱһȥһλ
󣬸۷ߡ
ȻǰϣСӣλҪùˡ
ȺУһ곤һЩ̾һ
ϣ˭
һԶ𿪿ʵ
ⰲϣĸףΪ̫꣬һλ֮Уպա
ϣҲ׿ȺСС;ʹﵽڶأؽס
ֻʱ⡣
߳˼䡣
ԭˣѹְϣ񡣡
Ȼͷ
Ϊĸ𣬶ʵҲǲ
ΪҪǣĿɽĵ̡
ߵĻĽ֪ϣļλ֮һλ磬Ű衣
˿ϣֿ˿λŮӣ¶Цݡ
ž
һµе˴һ
һһ¶ŹֵĿŮӵİϣ

Ůɭ䣬û¶ȣһ׹ߵĸо
ϣŻŮӣǲ֮ɫ
һֻ̣ŮȡһŽɫ˾У߽˶֮С
ŮӣȻҲһλӵн𿨵Ĺ
ȻΪʲôŮӵĵ֮󣬾Ȼ̫ĶӶҵ
𿨹ﶼ𼶱ĴڣǿߣҲӵС
ŵһĽ𿨹һǿݱǰŮҲһ
ңӱϿŮֻΪ˿̣òһ¡
ֻ˽ô
һΪ
̶Ƭ̣λ𿨹ֱǰδŵ顣
СӣôĥĥĿȥǻأ
ڴ˿̣Ľɵһŭһ
ĽϸһԭѾŵԼˣѹִ󺺻᲻
Ȼ⣬ô󺺵ʱ죬󱳸һ󷢺
һ˲䣬Ľɵһٶô󺺲Ѫε
𿨣ǽɫ
ʲôʱ򣬽ɫôֵǮˣ
ҪϹ˵ɫǶôĴڣ
۷׷ף˭Ҳû뵽ĽɾȻҲһλ𿨹
һ˲֮䣬ǿߵȫϡ



386 ħ
Ľɽȥ֮󣬹˲ãȺٴλȻ
һΣǽɫλǿߡ
ԶǿߣһĽɶΪɵ
δ뵽һͶӰնɱ֮һξȻˡ
һλߣȥüĿƽ׽˵ӣΨк˲֪Ŀֲ
ǿߣӵ״ԲΪģϡ
һһۼԶޣϢ
ӵòѾвϳˣڣ
һ֮նɱλħͷǿΪ֮
˵߲ʹڣҲа
˽ʱ򣬳סܹѾܲˡ
УĽ֮ǰĽ꣬òŮӷ׷˹
ڰϣǵʹͷǿߣɱ֮
޵ɨĽһۣ
λǿ߷׷£ԣǶΪ
Ὺʼˡ
ˣһѮϼһȻҲһλ޽ӽ
ܹͻƵĻĵλͻᷭΪ֮Ҳ׾١
ϷӣǱˣٵҲʶˡ
˴ᣬһʮƷÿһޱȣӭλѾᡣ
վ̨֮ϣǰ񣬵Ц
˵һƷһѴϹıڻƼɱ
ڻƼɱ֮ҲպգɹԪ񣬵ޱȣԾ𡣡
ۣһʯÿμӼ۲ʮʯ
ò˵ϵƷǰ󣬸ո۾һٿʯ
һٿʯһͨĻƼɱˣֻǸոյļ۸ѡ
һһʮʯ
ҳһٶʮʯ

һ֮ѱļ۸ʮʯһλǿ߻á
λޱȼԼһõóֵɱˡ
֮УǧλΪһ졣
µĶǼϷģûоʵ
вɱ̨棬֮УĽȻûмԼ֮
ڣһ֣ǰȻһ
ΪħǷ֮󣬿һΪ
ֶ˵ò󣬿ĽоԼͻΪйء
ұõ
Ľȭ¶˾ġ
ʮżƷħ̺ħ֮Ϊǿħ֮Чá
̷֮ͨ󣬿ֱ̤ڣǰ𾳽磬Ҳмֿܡ
ǣʲôɣ׼ʯÿμӼ۲ʮ
ӵž޴˻һסˡ
һֱͨӽڣ벽⽫Ƕô顣
λ𣬴вٺ󱲣ЩǱԼĶԣҲ˲Ϲֳ֡
ʮʯ
һʮʯ
߰ʯ

۸ڷ֮Уһ֮һǧٿʯͣ
˿̣λǿߣչ˼ҵľۣǵϿԿʵӵӴ󱳾˵һǧٿʯҲһСĿ
һǧٿʯһɱˣɱ֣նɱ
һǧʮʯ
һС裬΢ֵӺ
ҧгݵĵŲԶģһλͷ׵̡
һǧİʮʯ
Ҳǲʾ۸һֻࡣ
һǧİʮʯѾܳܵļˡ
ǼӼ۵ĻҲҵġ
һǧٿʯ
ʱ΢ӿڵ
һǧʯ֮һ԰ףԼĴ󲿷ּҵףΪöħֵˡ
һǧٿʯ
׷ҧڣ֮дŨŨķŭӵĿ⣬˵⡣
ͨһ΢ֱ̱棬һǧٿʯѾܳܵķΧˣǼȥɾ͵òʧˡ
иߵļ۸ô
ſʵܵߵջҪڡ
ϸһ룬ȴ߰ļ۸ˡ
һǧٿʯͨ𼴱ڿ㣬Ҳ
һǧٿʯһΣһǧٿʯΡ
ӵĻλͷ¶֮ɫƺֿɵá
ǣһ˲䣬ʱѿ
ǧʯ
ӴĶߣص
һ̣е˶Ľɣӣдǧ
񾡽Եһǧʯһοھͼİ֮࣬ôֲ֡
׷ŭĽɣкǻɣûóǧʯ
֪ĽɵˣһǷ˻ɵ뷨ΪǺĽǽ𿨹ϵҫǵﲻ
ĽɵΪǺǿǵУĽɼпʵΪĴǴ˵֮м֮Ļûʸýɫ
ǧʯ۸Ѿﵽǧˣĵѣ˸ߵļ۸𣡡
ӵ쳹ڴ֮С
˿̣е˶ǵʹͷĬ
ǧʯһΣǧʯΣǧʯΣɽ
ף֮й
׷ƺһһԹ޵ĿĽһۣ漴ɫȻ
ڣħĽɵõˣЦЦǧʯ
˵ħ֮ԼʵһΪͻһжֵá
вƷԸ߰ļ۸ĳ
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ڣ˵ʮ˼Ʒˡ
ȻΪÿεǼֵ֮
ÿһƷһ磬һȻҲˡ
պյλ𣬶˹֪ѹжô졣
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ӿ֮Щ
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֣Ľһʱ䶼ûзӦ
漴ڳһ¶Ҳй̫µĴš
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ʩչǵ֮ɽ֮Ψһһȱǡ
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ӻɾ䣬û
òŮˣ¶һ˿΢Цʯ̫£Ҳֵˡ



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˽ҿû˵ʹߣȴ˲֪
ǵ߳ƵľȨۣ˱λ۴Ƶġ
ӵлصܣ᳡׼ֻҪʯ
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Ľħ˼ּʣȻϣЩãٿ˼ת
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һƬžûκ˵
Ȼˣͳɣ
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飡飡飡
һǿޱȵͨޣɨ
˿̣ĽҲоһɳصѹЩ
׷ɱ֮УֻˣΪ
ǰսܶĽһЩвڣȫˡ

䣬Ȼ¡һŰ˷ϯӡ
ħ֮Ϊһ޴Уϸֲֿ֮
ʲôͨ޶ħֱɸɾ
֪ˣԭģ
Ľһţ˫֮УһĨڽ֮ɫ
ƺеһϣҲֺᱻɱ
㡭Ȼӵǿʵ㵽˭Բ磡
һ֮Уһλͷ۵˵
һ̤һƺȻѾﵽ۷塣
˭ǲ֪
ѡ񣬵һҡ
ڶѡȪ䣡



388 һϰ

Ľɵһ㣬лص
Сӣﲻܲĵطħ
ϵвǿԷһ·
ЦĽɣͱˣ˲Ϣ֮ܶ
αѹп־壬˵˵Ĵʾ䡣
ˣһϰɡ
ĽһЦ֣̬˼㡣

Ļȫŭԭ»СС»޵һˣʱٴɱ׷ʩչǿͨĽɺ˹ȥ
ۼͨ䣬Ľɲ˷ڹ֮ͥŲգ֮䣬һΣһط˿̣̽ſָһתɨ˷֮ЩǿȫУѪһҡҡ׹ӡ
𣡡
һλ۳ΩΩФſڡ
ʱ򣬱Ľɵħ֮ɨӴȻѿȻһֿס
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䣬ζȻ֮һǰһָ䣬λü֮
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ʱǶʵԽˡ
ڣֳʵѾԽ
ǣϺܹоõʥ߻һЩ롣
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ͫ͵һ־ɡ
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ʵǿᣬ˵ʼմżڽ
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㵽˭ڵΪûдﵽʥߣȴʩչʥߵ
׷ʵʵ֣òСġ
Ҳ޷ұǺɽ֮У۵ת
պ涼ͳΣ
ЦЦصݡ



389 һս
ת
ĸ֣ϡڡܺ׾ɫ԰ףҪȥӡ
ֻһ˵˵֮Уת֮С
ڣ𽥷չÿһλ۵ת֮󣬶ӵоʵ
Խսսʥ߼ǰ϶顣
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Һ𣬾ϡڵ˳ȥڿмؿסΡ
һ̣ھϵǰ̽ſָתֱӲԷࡣ

ϲҽһܹģֻоԼ걥ܼ尾ʹʶģ
Ϣ󣬾ϳʧȥʶ˫նʱֻϻΪһ⣬֮С
ͣƵʱ˲١
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޴󹥻ɨʱоһɳصѹ֡
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˿̣ٴһħڱӴޱȣǵء

УĽϯ˹ȥ
ӭĹĽɾֳȭȻ䣬֮⡣
һ̣оԼȻԶ֮ʣͻ
Ŀһ⽫ԼסˣҫĿΪĲգӭħֱӶԿȥ
䣡
һ޴캳أѣ˷Ϊҽռӿ
ѾԽܳܵļޣʥߣȫʥߵ
Ȼʱʥߣʩչʵȴǽϱʥ߻Ҫֲ
㣡
Ķǰߣ¶һĨ΢ɲɫ
ĽҲǴһǰͻȻֵߣһּΪǿѹ֣ѹº͵ģûжɰ˺
ǰߵʲôĴڣҶû͸
Ľһૡ
СӣٲݹϷ򲻿ˡ
߰˰֣һƲӣһڽ֮ϱĽɸʤ
ϼһΪҲ֪ڵֻ֮ҿ⡣
֮ڣܰ㣡
ʱ侲ǰߣûаη塣
΢΢һЦɫһתĽɵϡ
ĽСӣϴϷһΡ
һΣϷٰһΣպĽҸǷ
ߵĻĽ΢΢һůʼ֪˭
Ψһ֪ǣһξˣ׷ߡ



390 Ԫʼ
ɣ
ƶһת
ڼٷ֮У˫ֲϱ任һֲɨ
ǿֱϯĽǰߣȻ¡
оĹĽϢоԭ֮ǰԷûóȫʵ
뾣ϡڵ˽սʱҲһߣȴǺޱ
ɴ˿ɼǰߺǼɵаСӡ
飡
̧֣һȭ͵Ĵ
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ײһ޾ɢ˷
ˣ˳һץϮȥ
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ΪǰĴڣ̶Ⱦʮϣǰٱ
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ŭֲϻ裬һɹ籡
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ڶȭݱ䣬˷ռ䣬»ص֮С
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ѹ£Ľɫ԰ףѪ
ߴһӣѹʧȫޣΣʱ̣߾Լһ
ԪʼҲɸߴ롣

֣Ȼǰʹôʱ־
ֱץסͷ­Ȼһͷ­Ȼѿ²λ֮С
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СҲӡ㣡
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лǰ֮
Ľǰһһݡ
ˣǻĽһѣҴʱ䲻ˡ
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ģһˣʱڲ鷳
ڵΪֻһ֮ңһһӡ
Уҵ򣬴֮󣬶һǧ
ߵĻո˵꣬ӰģͬʱһĽɵü֮ȥ
Ľû赲룬ֻоԴһʹʱ߼Ҫȫɢ
סϷԪʼۣպ˺ɽ磬ң
Ԫʼһ仰ĽɵĶлص
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Ľʹٴιһݣ԰֮󣬸оʹŨʶһɨһ֮ӿնȥ
֮ӣ֪պܷ
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Ľߺ󲻾ãԭسһߣԶȥıӰ

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˿̣ĽûЩһ̴֮
˫˷Ԫʼӡǣ־
޾ڷڣӿޱȣҲ֪ôܹƽϢ
һĿ޾ӿĽɵľѨ
оڵʹڲϵԪʼĶΪأһЩĽ޷ͨ·ߣȫͨ衣
Ҳ֪ǶǴһѣ˳ӡǵָȥ
糤ҵĳľ
ʹԺ֮УʹѾϵĥǾϵġ
һֱĽɶǼᶨʹǰ̲סƺһ
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ڻﲻ׼ΪĽҪˡ񣡡
һϵĽɵԺ֮лص
һ̣ĽȻѹ·ӵ
Ҫ֣ɷ



391 
ĽɵȫˣһƿȨϵĳš
˿̵֮ͣΨһҪľǳ𾳽硣
˿̣ΪѾﵽһ㣬һս֮Ľ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˲һ𾳽綨ܳɹ
𾳽磬뽫Դ֮ٴӵмԦԴ֮ϵ˵ӵд챾ԴĶ
ĽѾ߱һ㣬֮ǿߣǵľ֮𾳽ͻƣѾء
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Զ콻ӣڰױãɫϲϱ任
֮Ѫʱ֪ԼͻƵĿֲһеľȫſһЩȻֻһ㣬˵ȴϲ
ϵĳ֮УըĽɸоԼڲϵѨţľĴ棬תٶȡ
γ֮󣬻ʹѾߣ˿Ľȫ档
ԭյѨӴ֮£һЩѡ
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һʱ䣬Ľɲ֪𾳽ĿֲڵʱؿݻԴ֮
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Ϊ֮Ѿ֪Լʵ˵ڻǴ򲻹ǣӶԷаȻߣûʲô⡣
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ĽɵĶ֮Уһ

ԴаӴĽɹĽľһƬ١
񶼽磬Ľ֮УѾϡ档
ĽڣǿѾǧء
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ĽչѸ٣Ȼܵ˵죬ЩҪռĽӶһС
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ǵǰһӴ󷨣֮УŮ
λȻ𣬿ֲ˹
ĽѾֲ˶ˡ
ʯҲٵ˲٣ʣµģѵֿס
̾˿ڳоǳֻϣܹŵĽɻ
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𾡽һʩչֶͨΣǰӰչԿ
ʱһɫ׷Ʈӣ̽ȻһץӰֱץסһǲһͷ­ѣһ߿ܷɢ
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׷껰˵һ룬¶̰֮ɫ
ߣĸˣֱŮ
һ޷üߣȴźͯۺһȻǡ
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˶𾳽磬У׷ʵǿѾﵽ۷塣
ư纣ҲΪаӡֵܹôá



392 һ
ˣֱǵ졢īħ
ǵģѩ
֣һ֮£һƵ󣡡
ʱ򣬵һۣ˵
ãһԣܷƣǿԣѪϴĽ
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аһΣһ֣һȫֿ
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ž
һİ
е˾գ֮䣬һơ
ʮ㣬ϣһѪɫӡ



393 ҿĳ
˭ҹ
оӴʧ
֮дŨŨŭһҪ˻һҵӡ
ĽʴʣĽ
ƾһ𣬲ֻأܾ֮࣡
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һСǰ롭Ҳа
Ը⳼Ľʸ̧֣ҵС
ҡҡͷ
Уҿĳ⣡
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˵꣬˷׷׹ڵأĸԸΪĽɵū

ôˣҲǻȥʱˡ
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޹һЦһΣʧԭء

ʱ֮У˾κˣŵƣȻﵽ¡
֣ħ塢ħ硢һĽԭĽ֮棬˱仯
ħ塢ħ磬׷׵õԶ֧֣Ľ᧿ΣѾ˾Ҫ׹ĵز
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¡
ȪһͭǮȻ֣տȻҫĿǳ
һâɨգ֮䣬һƬǿ䵱ʮˡ

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̽ħϣΪһ޴ħڿһֱȪ˹ȥ
ССҲҲ񣬿ܷһУ
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ħԣʱŭٶȸ죬ҪȪնɱ
Ȫ׳ͭǮ޾â֮£춼ͭǮӰӣɿתһһ㣬ŨŨԻɫʣһֻ̣ЩͭǮ缲꣬Ŷֺɨȥ
ħħ˲ͱܼĹħһţ˫任ħӿڳһɫ֣λУƾȪϺը
飡飡飡
һ䣬ڻ֮ϡ
ֻɫֵĹâ漴ѷ졣
ѷԽԽ󣬼Ϣɢǿ˲ںħϡ
ħѪ磬ڵһ㳯ź󷽷ȥȻҧ⣬ϧľѪʩչݷʧԶ
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ֻʵȵ۷壬ֻС֡
ɱȪᳬʮࡣ



394 Ľˣ
ɱ䣬սƼҡ
λӰʩչͨĪ
֮ǰĪһλ𽻷棬ѹģԷ
𿴵ˣæֲ
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ոȹΪһ츳죬ҲǼ֡
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֣ܹȻѾϣϣã
¹ܲôˣΨһҪľǽǰ˻ˣԼԱסĽ˿ԥ

Ī֮УһȭһƲģ䡣
ѾﵽޣֻܹɱǰǿС
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ħ塢ħ硢ڣҪĽĵ̡
ûоԮ֮˸ϵգĽͻȪ᲻ڡ

һƬ֮УһӣԼǧˡ
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Ľһϲ֮С
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顢ѩ¶֮ɫ֪ĽΣǲ˵ֵģһ³֣Ҳζд·
ĽܲΣգǰ
Ľһ˫֮кâ
˭ҵˣ˭Ҫ

ս֮УĪ粡Ȫ֮һѪ˵˿̣·Ѿƴɱ˼㣬󲿷ֵѾ䵱ʱ֮սҲ֮С
Ī粡Ȫλ𣬼ֻаˣԷȴǶʮ֮࣬ƽÿ˶ҪԸλ
ܹ֧֮ŵڣ뻹ǻȪʵǿᣬΪȻֻ𣬿棬Ѿȵټݻ֮ľͨٹͭǮֵ
ڵз֮УΪֲľ³ĮˣȻֻǷȴӵеս³Į۷壬ֻѾżǵĿֻһǾǻȪ
ڻȪʵһ԰ܼˣĽͱˡ
ಣಣಣ
ͭǮ֮У޾â籩һ㣬¡
״˫任һħ
һʼʱħ΢ɲ飬գ֮䣬ͱȻޱȡ
³к˫һͷͷ޻û
Щޣÿһֻ׺ޱȣ̺Ͱġ
Įֳս⣬նޣֱȪ䡣
ͭǮ֮³ĮԿ
һǿ֮ը
ͭǮâܵѹƣͬʱȪȻһѪ
Ȫп˵Լܵѹƣ˵֣һԵֿ
ֻҧǿӲš
ս
Ȫη壬ǰҹٶʩչ
³ĮһۣԿ˴еϲɫƺټӰضԽǰĻȪնɱ
뵽ӿֲж޾ħۣħ֡
³û֮춯ء
Įâˣǹɨ䣬ŻȪը˹ȥ
ʱ򣬻Ȫһۣ类ѪȾ죬ɫ԰ޱȡ
ǲѪǣûһǿֿ

зͬʱ֣ǿǵС
ֻһҽУڹ֮Уֱ
ɶ񣡡
ʹԼã꣬ԼȻûǸ뷨ǣΪ飬ȫУǣ˿̣ѱնɱڵѪԼҲΧɱԱ
˲ûֹͣɱײĽ֮ǧǿߣֽͬһ㣬һоͱˡ
ǿߣм֣ؼʱ̣ǱȫŰ˷ɨ֮ûмֿܹסġ
ŴƬ䣬ʱ˿̣ȪλҲһΧɱˡ
һ䣡
粡ȪĪﳹ
λҲһϧ׾Ѫʩչǿͨ
ֻ֮ǰܹնɱĵˡ
¡
һص˷
һλǿԱˣΧȪᣡ
һ̣ĽͻȪǱذܵľ棬粡ȪĪȫѳ׼
սף
粡ȪĪλ𾡽Դһ˹ܡ
һ̣ĽͻȪȫ¶Цݣ¡¡һ쳹ϡ
ڶ֮ǰѡԱ
ֵˣ
粡ĪһЦноȻƺĳ־
Ľˣ
Ľˣ
Ľˣ
ȻһԶƮ
һ˲䣬Ա粡ĪȪ˶¶ϲɫ
ʣˣ
Ľɣǵȵĺÿ࣡



395 ֪
ಣಣಣ
ƿһХ
ʱ³Į˺ȻѣȻ̧ףա
һǿϢɨǵصѹϯ
ĽͦˣΡȻһ纣վǰͷ𺳡
󣬻λ飬ÿһλǿޱȣʵϱͨǿ
ǣǧ棬ÿһɢƶħ塢ɡ塢岻ͬƺԳһɣӹɵǣǵʵȫԶͬס
棬֮УΪܹȥҪϵĳԽˣˣԳһɵǰǵķչȥպȫԴһɡ
Ľɣˣ
ȪһΣǰĽɽһ
粡Ī˷׷ǰĽɵߡ
һ̣ɵˣû˸ȥĽɣ롣
ڣʲô飬صģ
ĽɿѪɺӵĽʪӡ
һ˲䣬ɱҪΪʵʡ
Χе˺ëһЩΪϲ֮Ҫʩչ֣ǿֿɴ˿ɼĽɵķŭѾʲôز
Ľɣãʡȥˣ
η壬ڴЦ
ϸ۲죬Կ˫˲Ȼһ߷ηĽɡ
һ߷Ҳǰ֪
֮ԹĽĳɱ֮
Ľ˫ͨŭĿԲɱŨ
Ȼ䣬رãعһ㣬һ̣˷Լһ֮С
ʲôط
˻⣬ڡ

ţҽ
ֻһϯܡʯܶߡ
зȿռ䣬ʵС
һʽͨĽɵռں֮ģ̤֮ߣʱضʩչҲջأ֮УŲϢǿ߲
ͨʩչܹס𣬿ĽռʩչȴǿҪʧң̶ɱ
Ī粼ˣȻ֮Ľ֮˼°͡
ΪǿںĽɽ̸֮Ȼ֮УնɱԼ֮ˡ
ǿҲһЩһ˲֮䱬ѿನӡ
粡ĪĽʵĿֲͨ
ΨĽɣʩչ˾˵
ΨĽɣ֮ǿߣ
ĽʵǣԽԽ׷棬粡ĪΪԼѡûд
ǵûиĽɣڵǲһ켣˶ѡ
ս֮У䣬ǸĽɣȴΪ

Ĵڣ
ӵڽΪʥҲûпܡ
Ų˵ħ塢ħ硢ˣѾʣ޼ˣʣµˣڲϵƴɱ֮С
ǣҿһ
Σͷһŭȴ
ĽȥֻӰ˸
Ϊ׵һӣһͷѪ磬Զֲ
ü֮䣬͸ŨŨѪ֮䣬ɢһ䲻ɷϡ
󣬻ˣһˣĽϵãȻˣһŮ
һǸߣձͷѩףҪһ㡣
һӣ£ɢһϢ
Ůӣһͷ׷ɴ棬
ȫԲ³һŮ˿һּջ
ⲻص㣬ص˺Ȼ
һλԺɨϰ𡢵ʵѾ룬޽ӽ˵֮еʥߣͻʥߣҪֻһѣеڽʱֱʥһٳΪʥߡ
粡Ī￴ǰˣһϢ֮Уɵֻ֮ܽĽ
ȵǲ񣬴Ľ֮УҴʴʣ
ĽȻ壬ɱδɢ㣬Ŀ˵
ĽɣĽȺ֮ô
Ϊ׵ӣĽɣһӡ
ԴĽĳ̤֮·û˵Һô˵
֪ˣģ
ĽǳЦһգĿռ֮еˣȫ䡣
漴Ӵ󹥻ǰ˺ը˹ȥ
㡭
ɫ˲ѿȥ˵Ȼ䣬Ľɳɱ˹ȥ
һ̣ǿͬʱɱĽɡ
ˣ֮⣬ÿһǿƥ֮Ҳǰμڣһһʽȡ
ӣһץܾУһǬĸоһȭɨ֮£¡һձѣĽɺȻ¡
ձнţɨ޼ûǧӰ˸ϣЩӰֲ̺һһ֣Ľɺը
ӻϣ˫̽Ȼһ꣬һ֣һ̣ΪһڿնĻһֱĽɱ˹ȥ
׷Ůֱ任֮£˷Ϻ֮Уռ䣬޾С򡢺Ȼ䡣
һ֣ħһĳǿϯһƬ֮УֲĽɲϺը
Ļ֣̌ħ֮ӿΣ׾ٵĽӵ¡
֡ȭʳָ˼£籡ձ߻ˡ
ҽһ̤һɢ˷޴֮ʹð׷ŮӺͺֱӵ˳ȥ
𣡡
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ĽɴڴϢһĹҲʮ־޴
ǿ
üĽɣлһĨɫ
λ𣬶붼Զˡ
ԹףΪ콾ǹ״һ֮е
һĺӣҲǹ׵ˣ콾ԳңΪ
ձҹ˳ڤˣһڤ֮Ϊֲںɽ֮ҲС
Ů˳Ʊӣǽϳϣ֮й콮
֮ǰֻе۷ΪΪãű
ԭ߻һǧҶֻǧҶųϳˣԣһ
ǲȽգվҪҵУ
ĽЦ԰һΣɱȥ
һᵽ˻Ȫǵøҳ콾У
콾ҲЦһη壬ֱĽӭȥ˫任һʩչ
ڤˡӡҲɣ׷ʩչͨĽɺ䡣
ӰڿУ˸ĽɵӰΪģѿӰӡ



396 һ
˫սԽԽá
˿̣粡Īȫ뿪սܵ
ʱ򣬳콾ˣйĽɵϢѵ
Ҳһ𣬿ڿʵѾԶһԾɲ԰ܼ
Щص㣬ص㱻ܣֱֽ˲š
飡
Ľɾֳƣһ䡣
һƻеħ֮Ѹ֮ƣΧɨȥ
һ˲֮䣬˷ʱоһȻѹ
䣡䣡䣡
׷׳֣ʩչǿֵͨһʱʮɫ
ȣ
ʵɫһףһѪӳźȥ
ۼˣĽɵӰһΪ壬УһȻХȥ
һţһʩչϣܹһʱ̡
ͬʱ콾ڤˡӷֱʩչҹҪĽɵķ
콾ΧĽɵķ̽ſָ籩ɨϣԲͬĽǶȴһַʤĸоȻǿᣬȴĽ׾ٵ˹ȥ
ȭ޵УÿһȭޣֱĽɺȻ䡣
ڤһϣڤ֮ӿ۳飬ĽɷΧס
һ֮ڶ𣬻Ϊһ׶絶Է֮ƺɨ
ͨϮĽܶ㣬㲻ȥıֿ
˿̣ǵΪǿķѾԶ
ֱ֮̽ѹȥ
Σͷֻƴȥֳֿȭһ
䣡
УٶһѪڵһ㣬ź汬ȥ
ĽɼûͣЪƸͣһΣȭƲϱ任
˲䣬һɳһ㣬ҽ֮
¡һ
ֱӱѿɢȫޡ
ŵһ䣬ĽɵȻںΪ
Ҫżǣ
û¶ȣ԰˲ȥ
콾ѹкȻ˫䶯һɹǿתΪֱĽɡ
һ̤һȻƣŷ캳أ漴ӱǣΪɾˡ
ڤкâ˸ſһ磬޾ڤ֮ƺӾһк
ַռȻ½һѩ֮Уڱѩڣ޾ĺ۳һֻֻ֮ޣĽɶȥ
ۼ繥ϮĽɫƽڰ׹âţ֮Уڰ׹âתħ֮ڣһڰ׾ŭ˺ޱȣ֮ޱѣ糱
ɲǣײһ
콾ڤˡȫˡ
ĽҲ˸˼²סΣ漴ӿ糤գһֱ켣ɱˡ
콾ڤˡû뵽ĽɾȻǿᵽزովȱ㽫ͨʩչ˿ҧҧ˲Ǳȫֿ
˶ԶĹԴϹţٶڣؼҲпܡ
콾һзɿת״
֮Уһһ
Ȼ˲䣬ط·Ҫ

죬ֲ˹
ȫɨ˷ĽҲеһ˿ֲѹ
ħ䣡
Ľɴһ˫Ȼ
һ̣һֲɢһƣû񷡣

˫ײ콾ˣһѪĽҲ
ʱҲˣ⣬裬ûһ
һڿ󣬻һ𣬳ĽɲϺը˹ȥ
Ļ̌ұۡȭһȭ֮ƣֱѹ
ͨȻûг콾ôۺǿޱȡ
˵콾Ϊ֮ϣǽϱ̶ȣԶǳĶ֡
ȭײһ
Ľɸо귭ڣǿԼ֮Ű
Ҳһ˼û³Ѫǿĵط
ǧһһӡΪǿ̶Ƚϱȳ콾Ȼǿöࡣ

һǺ»ɭȻޱȣ˱Ҫ
ԭҹĽĳҪһ£м֮
Ľһָֻһһ߲ʹ˸֮䣬Ȼ
漴ӭǣΪǧ֮ɢֲϢҹڤ˺ըȥ
ڤ˵ͨĽɵһ˲䣬߲֮ŶԷϯ
ڤ˾ǳδ뵽ĽɾȻ˿ֲһĲ˵ڻ
룬ڤ˫ֲͣ䶯ΧȻһɫӰӡ
Щ͵ӰӱһǺȻ˵Լı
ĽɵͨЩɫӰ棬Ȼը
ǿϯ֮£ڤˣЩɫӰӼȫɢ
Ľɺڤ˽ֵͬʱӵͨϣΪ콮֮ˣӵʵԶϳϣֻޱӴ۳ĺ֮ÿκըһɿֲϢĽֱӿ⡣
һɽըĽƮ죬˫֮б磬űӼ˹ȥ
ֱ任ӿ֣ХԿһ˲䣬ҲһѪȻĽɵĹ̫ǿᣬԼԿ⡣
һν棬˵ƽɫĽ˵ĴĹȫֵһЩơ
ԶˣȻյһսĽĳҡ
ɱĽ֮ˣ˭Ҳ뿪
ĽȻ̬żƣų콾ڤˡ˵
Ϸݺµʱ㻹ûأ
ڤԣдŭڴһ䡣
Ȼˣ͵һɣ
ĽӰ˸գ۹򣬾ڤѾٲ
ڤ˸оһŨѹϮа⣬֮£ǿɨ
ʵһ֮вǿȴΪģһ˷ĸо
һʱ䣬֣һ˲ͻڱĵطĪ⡣
㣡
Σʱ̣콾ͳͬʱڣڤԼĽɵĶ֡
콾һǰʩչԼʱ𺳡Ǭת
֮Уʱ˿̣ѾһƬ硣
Ψһⲻ˸Щ⣬ǽս֮еļˡ
Ľ˫֣ǿѹ֮Կһ
ڤ˱ֱӻ˳ȥȫ³ֵ˿ڣѪӿ
һ˲֮䣬ȫλ㱬ѿ
콾νֶþֻܹǰĽɻһҵ
Ľɵʵ̫ǿȣһĴڡ
һ֮ĽɽŲˡ
֮סΣɫƽ糣Ʋ̫ء



397 ߰

Ľŭһ֮
̶Ƭ̹ǧɴСһ֡һ㣬ӵ쫷˸
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ĻУһ۵
һȭӿŰ˷ϯĽɡ
˿̣ĽѾԼԤԵ御չֳǷˡԾ¡
ԶԿӴӰһ޾֣ǰѹ
콾ڤĿɿڴҲһ𾪡
ٽ콾ҧҧ֮һ̣ڷ·һɿֲգΪһϯĽչ⡣
Ҳɣ˫һʹ࣬һӴھ֮Уǹ︽ϣױȵ
콾ѾȥˣϧһдۣҲҪĽնɱ
ڤѹоֻУ鲻ӿЩ鷢Ъ˹ĽһַĵɭȻ֮С
ݵԥ֮УҲ֪ΪΣٶȺȻֳ࣬Ե©ЩĽҲǴɻ󣬶콾ڤ˾üΣͷҲö˵ʲô
顭
޾ײһ𣬼̶ϯ⡣
ʱĽҲоһɹɿֲ˹Լֱһʹ
ǣ˿̲ܷΪʱеĹԼϡ
ԼһսҲҪذˡ

ԿУһˡ
һ˿ɶţѹȥ
һҺ£ӴȻը
֮Уֻʣ³콾ڤˡӡ
ʱܵѹ󣬶ĽɵȴǸӿֲһɹɺڰ֮ըϯӡ
콾ڤͬʱһѪŲĺˣп˵Ȼͷϸǲܣֻǿֿ
ն𣡡
콾һԾȻģĽȻն䡣
飡
һ֮£ֻ콾嵹ɳȥĽվԭأͦ˲ɽ
ڤһƬ֮Уһ̣ĽɵȭͷѾ˹ȥ
飡
ڤܵشź󷽷ӣѪ䡣
Щ鶼һ˲֮䷢Ȼֲȴʵڣ콾ڤ˰ˡ
Ľɿ˱һۣǽһֱ˿͸ĸо
Ľɲûйһȭһȫ˳콾ڤ˵ϡ
콾ڤ˸оԼѾԶ˲䣬ǲϧΪ֮ȫŷֻܹס
һϣѹ
ƿֲĽɵУȴСĲֵһᡣ
Ľֻȭͷ䣬콾ڤ˶ֱӻС
ڱе˲䣬ĽɵһѾϯ˹ȥ


콾ڤ˷ҽУһ˺ѷεʹ֮УǸоԼ弸Ҫѿ

Ľɽ߲ʡڰ֮ȭͷ֮ϣһȭ
һ˲䣬¡һ콾ڤ˵ֱӱѿȫʧ
볯콾ĲͬڤȻ֮ǰһֻɳ֮вӰĽҲ޷ץ
콾ڤ˶Ľɻһҵˣֻʣһӡ
ԾĽĳ֣
ĽɻȻתڱǵϡ
ǺǣѵɱҲô
ӺȻЦˣЦݱ䣬ȴһصջ
ֻջĽ˵ȴûаô
Һܲ⣬ղΪʲôûг֣
ǼʩչǿмϣҴɱ
ɱңĽĳҲش̶Ƿӡ
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ڣ˵ȴ١
߰ɡ
Ľ̾˿˵뽫ַĽȫɱֻڱǵǰʵ²ȥ֡
ſһգգĿĽɣ·Ҳˡ
ɱ˳콾ڤˣ׺ҹŹġ
ǣδ˵Ǽ鷳
Ϊ֮ɣӵ˾Եʵ֮ҳϳϰɡ
ӽһȻʧԭء
˲䣬ǾȻֲĸоɵö࿴Ľһۣųȥ
磬ΨҶ𣡡
һ죬Ľĳ̤죬ư棬˭ң˭Ҫ
Ľȭ񷣬

·Ⱥ֮У˸߲ң
þˣڵþˣǵĻʡ
ΰĽɣΪĽɣ»
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Ľɴ֮УһǧǿߣĻ֮ĵطռôĽ֮ĽﷱϢ
磬ѾĽˣ֮УĽҲռ˲Ľ֮ڰ˷֮Уպա
һЩعϵҲйĽɵĴţЩֻһЦûмƽʲô
´Ҵңǧȥ
ǧ֮Уƽ˾
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ĽɲȥƣȫĻʱǿ߿²ˡ
֮УĽҲڷٱ֮Уϱȵǿʮࡣ

һգ֮еĽɣ³һ
˿̣ڰףںһ
̤ˣ𾳽磬ÿһҪǧʱ䡣
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Ľɿ̾һ֪ھڱ䣬ԼʵҪɿĻ֮гưԡ
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ף
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Ľ漴һΣһӰ
һ˲䣬Ѿ֮С
ĽڵʵȫҪѰڣʱضɽ֮ڡ
һ
һɱײĽɵĶС
ȥϸһһδ󺺡ͺͷֳִ󵶣˸֮£ǰһʱնɱ˹ȥ
Ϊ֮䣬ֻڴ֮ǰˣ˿Ѿ·磬Է׷ɱ



398 
վҪҵУ
İɣһһĹţ°֮ܽĹ
ͷ״Ц漴䶯â˸ݣǰ˹ȥ
ɫ԰ף֪Ǳŵģԭ
Σʱ̣üĿһ֮һ޺ȵ
ѣȣѵ֮ô
Ļʹõһ㶣̶ֹͣ˹һɻĿܡ
һ̣üͷһƺҲʲô

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ǿ֮Ű˷ǿĵâĽӲĵֿ
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һеһУɺϣã
ССҲҷڽһУ
˿̣߸оڳЦԼŭȻ졣
д󵶣Ӷһ쵶âֱĽɺȻն䡣
ʥһĽ˵ҲΪΣգʱȴûаη塣
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䣡
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һ̣ʶɢļԼֵҲˡ
Ҳ䣡
ͺһֱֶ
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ĽɶսȭͷֱӴؿڣ̶һʹȫ
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߷һݻ漴ʩչΪһ⣬Ӷݶȥ
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ոռʶĽɵʵ֮ĳƺҲ˸ı䣬Ľɵͬһ
Ǻǣֿˣﲻ˵⣬ҸۡһΣ
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ԭĽӵһΪɢޡ
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ĽһᳬԽԶΪһ
ĽЦЦ˵
ԣƼ˹һĽɣ漴ҡҡͷ
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Ұ֮УǿһûУ֮УֻǶѡ
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ʲôطڸ֮Уûмʲôǿ
ЩĽĲ֪һֱΪԼѾ㹻ǿ
ҪĻһʱܹڿ֮лиΪֲĴڡ



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399 
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طĶһЩʵƽƽˣڵĵطҲʵС֮Ҳڶ֮еһ
ǽ˼Ҳұ͵ϮҪɱӵҵһС
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漴һӿʩչǰ͵Ĺֱӿ⡣
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һ챬£ʱĽɺͰԱǿðȻ֮ɫ

һӴһ˲䣬һӴӰĽɺͰǰ
ӴԼǧɣĿͭ壬ް
һƤīצƿץһС
ȫһּΪ뺷ĸоǿ˼ҪϢʥޡ
ĽɡΧȻڳһ㻤֣Ĺȫ赲
СʥעҪɣǾɡ
ʥ̰⣬ĽɺͰϡ
ʱжһ󴥶Ƭ֮󣬱Ľһͺ
룬Ҳ㣡
ĽһΣΪһ磬ޡ
ðȻ˹һ̵İҲǻһ⣬ʥ޺ը˹ȥ
Ϊǿᣬ˿ѾͨʥޣкΪľնɱǰ֮ޡ
ǵȴǺ⣬ֻʥһ
УͽȻһ籡ƥһֱϯ˹ȥ



400 ٣Ҫ
䣡
֮ͨһƬ
ĽɺͰʩչĹǿԷ
ֻһ˲䣬˾ܵơ
Ľʩչħ֮סڵľƣҲǺޱʩչͨ
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ܲʱֻúԿһ
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ĽɺͰȥֵ˲Ϣͱ˹ȥ
УĽɾԼҪȪ漣ˣ·׹뵽һ޵Ԩ֮С

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ʱŷ֮ȻһѪܵĳӣĽɵƣ֮

ĽһѪѿһ̣ȻΪһ֮С
壬Ľɸо֪ݣֻ֪ԼҰ·һЩԼΪһ˿ûüϸϸƷζʱѪ˹
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һʱ䣬Ѫܵǿ֣ɰǧѪɫС涼˹ȥ
Ľ˳һ֮У˿̵Ѿ˼㡣

ΧϢӿĽ˫üһǰ
һֻӴӣſǿףŴƺΪŭ
Ľɾ㶵ǣֻ޴ѪΪȻﵽ
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ĽһקǳӶʱоһɾԼҪȴû˿취
˿ֻĽɰڲΪһɹԴԴϵ֮С
ʱĽɲ֪Լڣʲôˡ
¾Ǵ˵֮еʥ֮
ЩѪ棬һЩǿħޣȻ棬Щ澭໥֮󣬽ǿޱȣҳڣѪ⾫֪жôֲ
ǰֻӴѪֻһˣĽȫգ㲻ֱӳΪʥߣΪٿͻһΡ
Ľϥ£Щ̶Ƭ̣оԼٶЩţӵһֱ˵ԲЩգ֮䷢飬ö֮ĽɵĸӿֲֻȻżǷȱģһͻ

Ľ˿̶ſ˫տȻ
ڣл֮ɫһҪѪȫɡ
뷨ҪȥĽɿʼ
˿̣ڶ֮УоԼһһֱԼĶ۲һ̼ȫˣȻ顣
Щɣţֻ˿̵̫ˣΪĽɺͰ壬˵ʵǿȻ̺ޱȵҪȫɾʱġ
˯֮УĽǼѰѪ棬Ȼա
һһɣһһ֮УѪ涼ոɾ



401 
ףʲô
֪˶ãڲѰѪĽɣζ
߽סˡ
Ļ̌ƣһ˲ѣǰ
벻Ȼҵ
ԼĽһʹʱѾȾˣǽУֻᱻ׿ƣȻöԷóѡ
ȻˣĽĳˣ˭ٶȸ죡
Ľ˫֮УһĨ֮ɫ
һ̣Ȼ˹ȥչᡣ
Ľɷ֮УҲˣֻ˯֮еȴûвںᡣ
ʱţܿͱɵһɶ˿ĽɵѾǿᵽĵز

һĽϥ£ڰѭʼ𾳽硣
֮УȻѣ
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ԣ֮ϵͻƽѣڵĽûΪڣЩصģֻܷͻƾͺá
ɿת۳֮еľ˹ȥʹʹӡ
ȺðأĽɵľţһɹϯЩĵط˹ȥ
ʹĽɵľ漴ȥʱţľԽȹ̣һЩԭľҲ˿
𣬻ȫҪƣڵĽɣоûгƣųʣ
Ľɵ֮£ȥһ˲ͿԹƵӡ
飡飡飡
һεĺ纣һĽɳɹˡ
һγƷǧ࣬ķû֧֣ڵֻ״̬ϱԭһһЩԭͨʽҲ޷ʩչ
ĹؿøѣڵĽɣ֮ѾûжıԴ֮ʹãΪغһ˵꣬ǱԴպѻָʥҲּ֡
˿̣Ľһ󵨵ľſԼ걾ԴȫΧԼ
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Ľɹ˲ô֮࣬ӿһжƿ֮УһЩڵҲ˹
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ţĽѾռ徭˵ȫ֮С
ԿĽɵ걾Դںһ͵Ѫɱкüﵽ𾳽磬˿ȫˣм˵㹻֮꿪ʼջأĽɵʵһı֮С
ջصʱڸоԼڵĿֲﵽʲôزʥ߶ûԼôǿ
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ӵ㹻Ľٴη˳ϣޱȡ
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𾳽磬ڲ֮Уһֱ۷壬ʥֻһ֮ңʱ򣬲ֹͣ
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Ľ˫üһ˾졣
Ӧһ˿ϢԭΪѾˣڿԷĻţƾĽɵֱûдģһڣûڸղŵĳ֮бĽɡ
뵽ʼϸѰ

˿̣֮Уŭ֮⵽˼㡣
оյģ֮е֪ʲôɵһɶ
࣡
оȫܲܣⲻص㡣
صǣʱۣ֮ⱬ
һ̣֮УѾһƬ·»ع֮С
ڿϤˣ׽١
̤𾳽ֻ֮һλ׽٣ڸոսʱ֮ͻƵʱ׽٣ߣͻʥߵʱ򣬻١
ͻʥߵʱ򣬾˷٣ٵĿ̶ֲݣ׽ٵټûʲôΨһͬľǣϢûзôŨԭ֮лᵮ󣬴˿Ҳûг֡
Դ⣬Ӧһ֮ӣͻ֮ʱŻĿֲ޽ӽ١
һ£ڳ֮УֻĽǵ𾳽磬һӳ𲢷ûпܣ뵽һȻĽԼ֮ŭŨ֪ôйźá
Ľ֮У׽Ȼɽ֮ˣļ룬׽ٱøǿſв˸׵磬Ҳһļ¡
һ𣬵Լɹʱ򣬾һĻ棬ڼҪһΣɵһ󵣾¡

ڣĽڲ˰Ĵڡ
˿̣ͷ­֮ϢŨ
֮ǰĽۻʱ򣬲ûжͷա
ԭжһۻ٣ۻȾԼԴһʱϴ
ͷΪеĵطĽɷų֮չգǻᱻԷ̲
뵽û䣬Ľɾһ˷ܣɳͷ­λ۶ȥ
ĽȻڶУֻûᡣ
ʱںֳԸԼΪе׽ѾԷˡ
׽ٻһ˵ʵǱźըǿȣĽ츳ϱҪǿᣬΪѾﵽ˵֮еʥ߾磬׽ٵĿ̶ֲȣѾ޷ĵز
ͷ֮УʱĽɲϵѰҰĴڡ
ʶɢӿΧۻ֮Ѫ⾫ĽȻ
úоһǿϢ
üһĽһ˿ȣһΡ
ԼٶȣϢɢķХȥ



402 Ӧóȥ
ಣಣಣ
һźһ㣬Ľɺɨ
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ڣĽųڶѣһɫġģΪĵԲųǰ
ԲСϵͻȻֱ֮Ľ˹ȴϵ赲סˡ
Ľ˫üһȻһ𣬺һ֡
˿̣Ҳûй˼ɣ̧֣͵һץźɫץ˹ȥ
һ
ʱһ̶ֶ
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ڴ˿̣һĶ֮С
ԭֲҿ㣡
Ľ¶ϲɫһһ߲ʹâ˸ɫۻȫɢ
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ˣȲ˵ЩȾָһЩʵ
Ľ΢΢ͷ漴ɫŷ˳Уӿע֮С
ǰɫ֮йâţҫ˷Ƭ̹󣬹âɢȥһǰ
ʱİɫ԰ףһӣ忴Щ鸡
䣡
׽ĽɺͰĶ߻صĽǳЦ
һ׽£֮еһ˺嫣춯أǵһ׽˲䱻޵ֿ
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ڵڶ׽ʱ𣬵߿裬ŭš
Ϣ󣬵ڶ׽ȻϣȻ֮併
¡
֮а׹һԼɽСĻɫף
ûĽǻףһִںɽ֮еĿֲǿߵجΡ
˵ͻΪѣΪҪǳƾ֮ʱ׽٣Ϊǿıǻס
ŭ֮صһ쳹
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ֵ˵ڶ֮任֮Уϻۣ塣
׽ѾȺˣȻһ̣Ȼûеֿ׺Լ֮ϡ
ĵ



һһֲ˵ߵʱ򣬿Ѿ׵硣
˿̣׽ܽϱȿʼʱѾǿ˰ٱֹֻüë΢΢һ£Ƭ֮
䣡
籩꣬׹ҫȻ䡣
屻׺ըһ㱡⸡⡣
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漴˳һѷ죬Ȼ˽ȥʼը塣
һſһѪЩѪȻҲǽӲӵġ
ԣľѪһԱȵǿǧꡣ
Ȼ̧ףޣʱ򣬾֮еڰ˵Ѿʼ
Ϊǿľ˿ѾܵˣǼֿȥǺѰھŵˡ
¶֮ɫŭ׽٣Ȼƣɢ˷ƣһ
ʱ֮Уڰ˵Ѿ۵Ĳˡ
޾籩һ㣬ֱӺɨ£ÿһԺɱһȻʥҲҪ˱ܷâ׽ٵĿֲ
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޷򶨣֮еâתһӰֲ֣ޱȣϱȱӴݻһۣ˿̣ںһʩչǿһµ⡣
飡
һ̣صһһɾ޴
ʹ̳عѿһ޼ʵѷ졣
ٿ֮УĿУеεѪɲ
ǷӰҲǻһ漴ģһЩ

Ӧóȥˡ
ڣĽɿŰ˵
£ĽһΣŰ꣬ȻӶ
һڹ֣ĽɵӰͽȻڸ߿֮С
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ΪĽɵȥ׽ٲû׷ȥǰ٣һΪͬС׽٣һΪӴһСһЩ
ӴȻϣ΢СĳĽɺ䣬Ͼڵֻ״̬ܵӡ
飬׷ԴҪԼĽɵҲ׽ѣˣҲûãֲɱ¶ŨŨȻ֮ɫ

ͺһ
һ̣ͱ׷ʩչǿͨȻײ
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ڻ֮Уݻǹɱ׽ӭȥ
׺ըؾĽʩչȫƣǽ׽ٵֿסˡ
ȻѺۣȴûѿϣɪɪ
е壬ûԼϡ
оյĶɹ׽٣
˿̣Ľɻʥ޾˿
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ģҪɱ㣡
ףһ
˹ƺӾһ㣬Ľɷɱȥ
ЩٶĽɿʱȴûа£Ȼת˫Ȼһչֳӵ
ಣ
ͬһʱ䣬ӰŰȫط˹ȥ
ⳡڵ״̬Ͻֻķݡ
飡
һһײ
Ľſƣָ繳ޱȡ
һ߲ʹ⻷ϣ͵һץ¡
˿̣ǷֿģˣһټһԿƣĬ̶˵
ֻ任տȻſɭɭݣޱȣĽҧȥ
һŻ棬֮»ΪһƬ𺣣ںһ𣬿ֲҪĽɴɱ



403 
ʱĽɣѾͬ
֮ǰûгΪʵһĲࡣ
ڣΪѾͻƵ𾳽磬ʮ౶֮ࡣ
һһʽǳϱʥҲǲضãĳЩʱ򣬱ʥ߻Ҫֲ
ǰո⵽׵Ŀը׽ֲ֮ޱȣһŵ
ڵھŵһΪ˲٣ǰըȫһ
ͻʥҲǴɺϣʱһŨĵطϱŨ򱶡
ٲʵǶɹ׽֮ҲûеǸط
ǸطĳλǿߵǴ֮أ֮һֱΪľһ½뵽֮УȫԼΪٴ
ȻҪĽĳȫ
Ľкâ˸ӿֲ׼˿֮һ͹
ԼˣĽԾûаη塣
ĽǿҲֻһѣʵͨʥߣҲԼ֡
ǵĽɶν֮Ȼ֪Ŀֲͺ嫴һ㣬йϣûвӰңĽ翣Զ֪һ̻ʩչʲôͨ˷ʤ
ŵŵš
Ľһ̤ŲŲ£ͽȻһŷߡ
һ
Ľֱײ˫ˡ
ŭβһڣӴ󹥻纣һը˹ȥ
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һ˲䣬ʱĽѾΪһģһԼ
Ԥԡ¶ħ
Скޱȣɱȥ
ͬʱſڣһֲ׼Ľɷը
ȻҲԿƣķӦ̶ȴ֮ͬԿһж˿ֳû֮ķӦٶȸһһʽ˲ɡ
ԴԴϵĺըĽɰԽп಻ѡ
ӵһʵԭĽΪѡһ˳ϵǣȻȫĽɵʵͲȵֻٶȺѣ˿̣һΪ壬ٶȴҲΪݡ
䣡
һ֮С
ͬһʱѿĽɵӰٴʧ
زˣֳһս
üĿһɨܡ
Ľɲȥ˿̵ԶþԼϢ
ѾܵشѹţʱԼɵĺɫţ֮дҪ
ЩĽ˫üһһ̣ҲͲסһѪ
ȥ
Ȼ˲䶯һֲޱȣƿ֮쳹ֱĽɺը˹ȥ
Ľɷּ䣬۳һǹԭǹޱϤ˿̽ʵʥߣǹӵӦ֣һһʽֲǳǹϱ֮УȻһ̡
飡
˵ٶȺ
ԶȥĽһ֮ս԰ܼӰһ㣬ҵķλһ桢ʯںը֮лɳ֮ǿȪ
ಣ
ĽɻǹһţȻһԾǹһ̣һƿ𣬶ֱӲ롣
һ
ʥ޵ƤһӲһ˲䣬ֻһŽɫ棬ֱĽɷն
Ľ㿪Ųƣ漴һ

ǣŰ˷ǹȻ׳һʱƿ
գۼ䣬ڿһӰ˹ȥ
ԥ˱ǰſڣٶһŽ档
桢ǹȻԿ
ǹĽɻȫ۳ģһŻֵܹģֻԽԽϵ˺ĽЦ˲ӿ
һ̣һѪǹֱӶʱɢΪһصڡ
ǹٽټԼ˼ӡ

ףʱŭӴɨ˷𶯣ǹӲıסˣ̶Ľɵ˻ȥ
Ļ֣̌ǹڰ֮ͣ͵һӣǹٴ׹ⱬವһХܽϱȸղŸʤ֡
ʱ֪ԼĽ֮Ĳ࣬ԭʵԶĽ֮ϣԴӶԷΪȴܹ⣬Ҫǿᡣ
Ѿ·ˣԼڵ壬ֵסĽɵĹƣ뵽ԥ֮С
ҡҡͷ˿룬һǣգۼɴСһޱȿֲɢɿֲѪ֮βһɨǹ˹ȥ

βһɨ֮£ǹȻѿβȥƲֱĽɺը
ĽЦһǿ֮ĩֻҪ˶ԷһԷҲǭ¿ˡ
Ľ˫֣ԿһץΪֻƣֱץ˹ȥ
˵һĻˣβһ̾ȻץС
Ľɸо˫һľҪѿȫת˫֣һۣ͵һ
Ľץסβͣŭ籡ȥ
Ľ֣ӿֱֲӽק˹һ
پĲȣܷӹȥ֮вϴ
ĽɵǿᣬȻԤϣʶʱǾ֡
˿̣ĽûֹͣȭƱ任ǿ͡
飡飡飡
оԼȫʹĽɹ缲һ㣬ûаͣЪ
𣡡
ĽڣһȭȻ߲ʹâϣ漴Ȼſͷ䡣
໣
ʹȫŭ˫Ŀ֮УҪһţɭɭݣֱĽ¶
Ľɫƽûа㾪ţһֳ̧ȭʳָӭķݰȥ
ʱסˣΪĽɵʳָԼʱ
ֻǲ죬ѿ̶ʹӿС
飡
ɲǣĽȺɨĿǻȻһߡ
ʱҪϴڣѾˡ
һ£˳ȥڿ֮סΣŵϴ󣬵εѪ˳䡣
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ĽɵͺһŲһڿһӰֱӶȥ
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һйʱ˿̲ȥֿĽһ
ˣҪ壡
Ľɱɱ⣬Ķ߻ص
һ˲䣬Ȼɱ˹ȥֲ֮֮Ϻը
˫˲֮࣬ʱĽɵֱӳ֮Уƻ
գֱɱꡣ
Ľ֣Ȼǰ塣



404 Ӱ
ɱҵĴۣ壬Ľĳˣ
ĽɴһУӴȻʧ
˿̣ûмȥգΪһս֮ޱǿգɡ
ΪҪǣڵĺɫţ
ЩĽɾƴΣգҲҪʵ
ԶУһɫӰ˸ĽɺХ
Ű׹⣬Ľӭȥһ̣ǰ

һȻʼʱûϸע⣬ڿĽɣưͶ֮䣬ɢ޾ϢΪʥߵҲһɾηоǰĽɣʵѾԽʥߡ
Ѿˣ
Ľڣ漴ųѪ塣
⡭
Ŵ˿ڣǰһĻţһĽͬٿһ
Ľ֣ǻǿ뿪ɣ֦ڣ
֮顣
Ľɵ˵ͷջ壬ʮºͣһĽҪľЧҪʥƽƽֻƽˣܴӶԷ˽⵽Ķ
֮УӰ˸һ㻮񷣬ĽɺͰ
˿̣Ľɾɫ٣һ塣
ɫȻмֲ԰ףֻ֮ǰ鸡һʵڵĸо
Ҽǵǰһܴвǿߡ
٣ʥ߾ҲмλǽȥһЩ
ָָǰһƬת׶Ľ˵
Ľ΢΢ͷı⣬ҲԼ˶Էһ
ǰƬҲͣƬ̣ϾԼ֮еû
ǽȥɡ
Ϥ·̣ǰ·Ľɽ
һ֮УĽɸоԼë˲ſһ¸о
˷Ũ˼㣬ͨˣɾ͸ˡ
Χÿһ˶һΪ۵ˣɵӣҲǴ񾳽硣
ռʮ֮һʮ֮ˣǿߣʮ֮һȫ
ѾϡУֵ֮ϣҲλ֮ࡣ
ﵽ׷ʲôزܹ֮ǿߡ
Ľһ漴ǰȥ
˵ĵȻ˵ĹעĽɡ꣬ϾȻһ˿һֻֿܣһǸûһΪߣ޷͸ǰֱӷΪ㲻ҲܿͻƵ񾳽磬ԣΨһĽֻһǰʵԶԶǡ
һ·ϣǿĽɺͰ񶼲ͬ
й졢оȡлȣм͵͵ߣ֪ʲôȥˡ
ĽɺͰŷӦԼڿ״̬δЩš
˿ЦһƫƧ䣬һòҽΪ磬ͲעĿˡ
ĽɱһüĿۣʮҵ꣬¸һײо
ҲһΪһ۸߹󲻷ĽɲǰС
֮Уӵ̫֮ϸ鿴һ
ĽɻΧڡ
á
ԣ΢΢ͷ
һˣǰУʱǵȻ˺ܶࡣ
·ƷĿϾӣһһǳǷǳʵá
飡
ԽԽԶҲ֪ߵ
ڴ˿̣һĽɶУ̧һȤ
˿첽˹ȥմ֡
Զһ̨̨棬һڼұȶ
б趯ǿޱȣನֲ
̨֮ϵˣкȡһþȫûа㱣
Ľһתڶʮ˺̨֮ϡ
һӣֳֳ趯
һâޱȣâɨŶĿն䡣
Ǵֳ˫趯Ѹף͵һ
䣡
˫ֱײ
ˣ¶ֵЦıóһ㡣
ţв˸һȻ̳ʱ򣬿󺺶ֱܲС
͸壬գۼ˻ѪŽһӾ
Ұˣɱң
ؼʱ̣󺺺Ȼڡ
ˣ
Цһâһֶ
ڿлһȣһ£һ̣󺺵ͷ­ӷּңѪȪӿһ˫ӻŶݺݵӣɱˣǧٴˡ
Ӱʤһ֡
ǰѾǵʮʤˣ
̫ǿˣ֮Уܹսʤˣ
Ⱥ֮۷׷ףֳǲӰ
ǰ;պΪʥҲǼпܣ
ĽɿŲӰ˵ͷ̾һ
˵£ʥ߲˵
ŵ˵ͷΪΪֻʥ߾ѡ
ڵĻҲԤܴܲﵽ
ɱҵܣ
ڴ˿̣һȴͬ˳һּ塣
漴ֻһֻͽȻ̨֮̽ϵĲӰץ˹ȥ
һ̨̣ΧмҪ֣ȴһֹ
ƾ㣬ҲɱңʵЦ
ӰЦһгϱãȻһ˦
֮裬漴ʢһǧɴСĽӰֱ֣֮ն䡣
һײӰˡ
һ̣һǿ״ţĴ󺺳ǰŭĿԲһȻƱȻλǿߡ
ѹӰ⣬ԾɱһӣǸ¶мЦݡ
ܵܣúòң
˫죬ŵϵĿӣʹ˵
ĸ磬ްɣʱҲǺպô𾳽ͻȻˡ
Ӱӣ̬Ǽڽ
ڼǰ޵ŽϱȲӰֻֻ߲ͣǽ𾳽֮ҲûйĴţ˻Ϊˡ
Ҫս㣡
һƱŷȻѹŲӰѹ˹ȥʱϢо
۷壡
޾Ȼﵽ۷徳磡
·Ⱥ֮Уٴδ
۷ΪսһСС㻹治֪߳ܣ
Ӱɫ䣬̬Ǽڽ
ߣһ㣬Ϊ֮ұɱ㣡
Ŀ棬ŲӰҪŭȻ졣
õôãһʱ䡣
һ֮󣬾̽ս
ӰЦһ֮мΪ
ãҾ͸һʱ䣬ҵҪʲôˣ
ɻһû̫ȥ⣬һ̤ҲԼĶ֣ͨ۷Ĳ࣬Ƕʱڿֲġ
еˣ˿˷˱ȶܹۿղŲӰ޵ĶԻǶ÷ǳ
ʱֻӰϥ£Ҳ֪ڸʲô



405 ֮ս
ĽЦЦóӰͻƣΪȻսޡ
ڱǸո̤𾳽ʵս۷ǿߣǲɵ飬ǣĽɿȴϡƽ
𾳽ŵ֣֮˵Ȼֻ۷ΪսͨԣΪ֮󣬲ֻΪĸߵȥж˭ǿ˭
ӰҪʱͻƣһ֮ڣһΣյľٶǻѳڣѾûа취ջء
Ѱ֮ˣͻƵҲҪȻҵһϣղмֻ̤ż
ӰҪһ֮ͻƣ֮ΪǰΣ³עǻȪ
ʩչɹ绹ûȹ̣ҪսޣǱɣԣУûм˿
ʱĽɷ֣м˲Ӱϣƺǹע
һսӰʤŽ쳹򣬳Ϊһ
һ£Ըոͻսһҵһλ۷ڣʵǱûô졣
ʱ䲻ţڲӰϸֳһƱĶΧһ˲䣬˷Ϯˣ˻䣬ڳйս֮˶ЩϣҲ첻ʲô˺
ĽԸоõΧĶӰ֮УѸתӴ˾˵ĵز糤ƺӣڲϢʣѾ˽Ҫͷ
Ӱ콻ӣϱãȻ֮䣬
飡
Χ˿̣ӰѾﵽһ㡣

ҳ֮£ţͻԭһ졣
ŸСʱĳӰȻ̤𾳽磬ֲʵֲ
֮УܹھŸСʱ֮ڣɹͻ𾳽ģνǷëǡ
𾳽磬ޱ
ӰоԼڣйӿӵ֮һȭޱȣ¡һ޶Ҫѷ졣
ʱ仹ܳ㣬սٴԼ֮еΪȹ
üͷǾ֮ɫû뵽Ӱһ֮ͻ𾳽磬뵱ԼǱչʮ꣬ųɹͻơ
˵ӰͻΪ޶ԼʵģˣоŲİܽǰĲӰܣɱ
Ϊţ޵ĺպս³֮ûм˵ˣĿ࿴
۷ǿߣҲƽཻΨ𣬲ʸη
ĸʵ츳Ҳ߰޼һλʥߣλʥߵʵ۷ʥ߼ֻ֮˵ĸ֣ǰ;
ǰ;
ĸֿȥޱȼ򵥣̺ĵܹͨƷλ
ʥ޵ĸҲҿڶײˡ
һֱֻһܵܣ棬Ϊʱһƴ
ֻ̤𾳽֮ܵܵĽӴԽԽ١
λ˺ܴ˲ٺöֵֻõܵһЦδ뵽ȴ
ܵһֻ棬ĿŵӰһ㣬Ժ֮
ʪۿһϢӿҪʵʣıʹֳ
֪һһҹѾȥ
ս
Ȼ䣬̤һŻĲӰҪ֡
ߣ
ӰһȻſ˫ھţӶԷɨ
һ̣üͷһʱԴĪһʹҡҡͷɢȥʹ
ɣ
עΪҽ̤ʯ
Ӱγ汦ָڡ
վ̨֮ϣͦΣΡȻ
޴һһ˲ŷϯ캳ء
һɺŨصѹŲӰɨ˹ȥɽһ㣬һޱȺصĸо
ӰپһϢͬɽһӰϯ·һ̣ԼҪ
Σ£Ӱ˫ãһʩչǿޱȣ裬貽â䡣
ڽâĹ֮£ûие˿ѣս˫ȭϻ䣬Ī⣬ϣһ㱡֣ϸ۲죬Բ˷֮£ӰĽâѶ˺
飡
޴̽ӿޱȣְ˷ֱӰը˹ȥ
Ѹףһ˲䣬ͻڲӰϡ
ƿ
Ӱһ˫ͽȻ֮䣬ֱӴ̳ӿƿɴ񷡣
Ӱķ˫üһӹɣӰʵȻ
޵УҪóȫ֮Կ
漴֮УһɹɿֲתֻϹսһ㣬֮׵ƣֲͨŲӰȥ
ײһ޺ͲӰԺˡ
ȫоһ˷λ
ǣؼʱ̣ûаɣͬʱǰ
Ӱг趯ȭ޵Уɨ˷
ǿߵʵǿֲޱȣನ֮£ĳ֮һѪڡ
޵ʵϱȲӰҪǿǲʵǰͻƵ𾳽֮ã֮УԽսӰոͻ𾳽ѣ绹ûȹ̣ҪǿĶ֣ԸȻޱȼѡ
Ӱ츳ʵ̫ˣν֮ѾϤ޵·Ϊɣչ
¶һ˿ЦݣһΣ߲һ͵һȭŶԷȻ䡣
Ӱüͷ壬޻ʩչ˼򵥵ʽôԵʱҲ벻ܣֻӰӶһȻ̳
һ
ȭͷײһ֮ײһ㣬һײ
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㡭
Ӱһ޵Ϊֲȫȭͷ֮ϣʤ
ߣ֪СܵܣҾҪ㱨ˣ
һһĿŶԷȻޱȣһ㣬Ļ˭֪ʥΪƣ֪ɱ˶ٸĵˣΣ·ѾޱϤղŵĲӰΪһ
һգ֮䣬ŲӰϯ˹ȥ
ԽԽٹһͿӰǰ
飡
ֻߴһײײ
ϸһȻһȭӰʱ򣬻ӽһն
ȭٶײ
ӲӰϣԿĮ飬ûа¶
˿̣˫ѾΪһƬѪ죬ɱȻĿŶޡ
ǲ
һ𣬲Ӱе澹Ȼ˿
Ӱˣ
ûдİˣ
ΪɽȻѣӰװˡ
ʱ򣬾ͶҲûаô֮սݡ
գֻһˣԻ̨



406 깫
ս
ȻɽѣɲӰսԾɰȻ
˫任Ȼ۳һ
̤ޱȣϹһ㣬һӣǿᲨɨ޼
ɵֿУ˿̵ĲӰֻǴѡ
ܵܣڿԸ㱨ˣ
ȭĬĬ˵ֱ̧ۣһȭ

һ̣һҽдȥֻڲӰؿڣһֻ޴ȭ
һը֮£ӰȻ˳ȥ
ս֮ˣ˿ʱһգգĿ̨֮ϵһĻ
Ӱˣܵĺܳףһ˲䣬ͻᱻնɱһ콾䣬˵Ĺעһս֮󣬲Ӱֽ֮ʧ
кâ˸һ̤ӿ̩ɽһȻѹȥ
һҪոӰ
ʱ˿̣ӰоԼԽԽƺһ룬ԼҪ䣬䡣
ĽɣʱҲü˫֮У֪˼ʲô
һԸоõһҪ
Ļ棬ܶܶ࣬ʱȴһ˿
ͷͻڳ˶û뵽ᷢ顣
˭ɱң˭Ҫ
ףģһɭȻֲ֮С
ֻӰ֮ϣһɫ⻷ƣֲϢ
ĽҲеһ˿ɵʵǿᣬǿеֿ
˾Ͳһˣǿߣʱڵأһ
Բǧ֮ڣе˶ܵһɿֲѹ֣ԽǿԽŨ
Ϊ˵ޣȴûܵѹֻ֣оһӴԼˡ
ţͿһŵڵϣǿҲ⡣
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ҡҡͷ֮¾ԲᷢԼϣ漴һתĲӰһʱʲôˡ
Ӱâ˸ʥϣһ֡һ㣬и߰Ϣй
ʣҪĤݣƾ䣬鶼ҪͳΡ
ղڳԣ˵Ҫɱô
ӰЦϣߵʱ׹ӵĸо
ңΣ
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ǣӰӵɲǼ䣬ȴҪܵĸо
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ص˵꣬Ӱһץ֮䣬һֻƾո֣ץǵ֮ƣ˷һ޴УҪֱɡ
˫Ŀɴ󣬲֪ΪʲôȻûа취תȻԼֿȴΪһǰδеΣӿͷ
ģӰĴֽӽʱ޵⣬ӿʼĺȻ˾
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ҲΥ棬Ǹоõ˿̵ĲӰȻֻΪһսȻԽ𣬴ﵽ˴˵֮еľ硣
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Ӱ⣬ڳ˵һɨ񣬾˵ͷ
ҲһΨ⣬˿̲ӰǶ˵ϡ
ĽɺͰ
֪λתѾѣպǰ;
ĽɵĮĿŶԷֻ̬֮ƽûа㾪ȣƺ֪
㲻ʵƺҲΪΣ
ӰЦĽɹ˹ָ
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Ľԣ⣬΢ƳŲӰһطȥ
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һ󣬶˲Ϣ֮䷢ʱֻһֻ֣֮֮̽
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ֻֿȴĤ֮Уƺ˯֮еʨ֮󽫻۰¡
һѾԽķ룬˿̣вΪ֮ſд֣һ¶Ȼ漴ܱӶȥ¶ܵ
ʥߣ
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Ӱɫ΢䣬Ȼ̨֮ͦϣ۵ɵ֮ɫһ
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䣡
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ת֮δɳ͸֮Ұ
ѵ̫Ϸ򲻽׹Ȫ
Ӵ𵴲ݣ漴ֻ޲һһӰ֡
壬Ʊ˪һԣ׳Ϣ
һĿ棬ŻȼգŭӲӰ
ڣʥ֮һ깫ɣ
ӰƤգһ£ߣ֮ǲм
Ϸ깫
֮ɱĪǲʥ
깫ɫŲӰ
ȣϹǺ޳ܣ
Ӱɵʱ򣬿滹ûгأҪҲ壡
Ӱ磬깫档
깫һݣִоһȴǴϲ
ãȻ㲻ʥñһӰתмʵ
˵꣬깫һƮƮ˸ϢȻ˲Ӱǰ
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ʥߵȥĪ⣬ͨǿһ֮£ֱ䣬ʥ֮Ĳࡣ
𾳽磬жôǿᣬʼնֵͷϱʥԶҪһء
ʥ߲Σ֮УѾһʥ֣ԳʥҲδɡ
ÿһλʥߣǴԵǻǧΣ޳λʥߡ
Ӱ¶أͬʱ֣ۺƾ깫ֱײ
¡һ
ӰϢת
깫ӻײ֮£Եˡ
ӰɫһףһѪɲǣ깫ĹٴϮ



407 ʥ
깫ڿв˸任
һȭһȭ꣬һһѸס
޾ɽ֮ƣŲӰ˹ӰӲÿιϮ
˵ӰΪ棬û깫ôֲ֮ϣԽԷʮࡣ
ۺʥ߲һεĴڣǿ۵ʱĲӰͱһҵˡ
깫ͨԴԴϣƲ֪ƣһ㣬ĲӰ಻ԡ
Ӱո̤ûôӴȻͨ𣬿ϱʥ߻ѷһ
ͨ˵У֮սѾԺ̶
һܹսѾƵϺţǧҲҵһ
ϣһȻֿʥжܣպΪԻᳬԽʥߣǰ;
ǰĲӰΪսʥ֮һ깫棬ӳоӰȻЩѣȴûݽߵĵز깫治ϽĹ󣬴˿ѾȺ䣬һƣ
һУĽɵУȻһӰ̶ѾԶԶ˵Լ
Ϊʱǿʥ߽漸У̤ʥ߾֮УҲкܶԼǲ˵ĴڣǰĲӰս깫棬Ҫ֪깫ɲͨʥߣʥ֮Ҳǿߡ
ʥ֮УΪһλʵСɭ깫֮ʵϱ깫Ҫѷʥ֮УΪСģҲʥߵȣ깫Ĵӡ
Ϸûˣ䣡
깫оԼƤ˲֮Уתһ룬ָһ㣬Ȼ
ಡ֮УһХ
֮УֻʥڣвɢޣҲʥߴڣ˿̵õϢ½ٽӰǻٿ䣬Ҫ֪֮У깫ɲǿĴڡ
깫ĹӿֲɨӰϱãգ֮䣬һХٶȿףŲӰը˹ȥ
Ȼżұһ̣
ӰȻһЦɫһ԰йâ˸
һ̣֮УֳӰһӰֱԷɱȥ
깫溧Ȼֳ̧ȭӭӰײ
䣡䣡䣡
жʱһƬڰ»ع硣
ʱ򣬲Ӱ˸̽Ǭתޱȡ
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һ˲䣬Ѿ깫ǰ˫ƿ˺Ʋ񷡣
飡
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漴깫Ӱź󷽵ɳȥӰһΣ׷ȥ
깫ҲţԼȻһոճΪһ춼СУʵǰɲţ˿̣깫ֻһͷǾߡ
깫߶ھѪʱǣһȭһȭХĲӰˣ漴ȻתΪһ磬һӶȥٶȿ磬ڿһɫӰӡ
ܣˣ
ӰЦһһգۼ䣬ʧԭء

Ҳȥ
ôõսĽȻȤ
ŲӰĽŲΪһ׷ȥĬȻϡ
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Ӱߣ̽ǿת֮£УտȻ
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Ӱһ߹һ߱ƽԷģ깫Ѿ޿ɱܡ
깫ҧ촽Ȼתһһ
飡
˫ײ깫Ѫˡ
ΣͷԶУӰͻأ֡
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һ꣬һЦ⣬а֪˼塣
Ϊ֮جΣȡ
֮ɱռŮӯ
ţŮ֮Уϱʦ깫滹Ҫ
ȻǳʾӹɣΪ𣬲һ̤ʥߣΪ깫沢ǿߡ
ңʵڲ֮Уò˶ãٶͻƣԽ깫
ǿˣ
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ӣҵһִͬɱ
һĿǰĲӰսԽԽŨҪԷһ
ߣΪ־ͿԻô
ЦӰһɱȣ
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ս
깫桢ɭȶһۣ໥֮üƻ
һ̣˵ͷŲӰӶȥ
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ֲͨǷǶʥߣ纣ɭȻû깫ô񣬿ȴӰ˼ѹ
Ҫ֪ӰȻӵ۵񡢼ʶܶʱԿٷֱ򣬿ûдﵽӻĵزʱʱ̶̿ҪģڵĲӰȻûеݽߵزѾʣ࣬Ҫսپ
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Ӱ˫ֱ任ѹɢ
ôʱãѾܹƿѹļۼӴ󹥻ϮʥϹ֮УӰȻûκιܹ赲סĲ
깫桢ɭȣʥ֣þ΢תΪһֲͨŲӰϺը
أӰγֶҪؿǣֻһεĺըż깫桢ɭȴ˲鷳
飡飡飡
Ӱӳȭڼ֮Уʩչ񣬶ȭǺ˽⡣
ʱʩչȭͷȴ̺޾
ƺһ˲䣬Լȭͷ֮µ˾Ҫ



408 ʥ
ֻ޴ȭӰֶ깫桢ɭ־
Ǻ䣬ۼȭӰƽԼ˸ʩչʽ֮⡣
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һ쳹깫ֽ붯֮УʵΪǿᣬܵĺҲӾ޴󣬿ǻδȾ޴ȭӰӽ깫ͱˡ
ɭɫһʩչͨں裬һȽȽڣϰһ󣬾ȭһֵ
ȣֳꪣȻһһɨ纣ޣӰȭͷֱײӰĹƣչֳʥʵ
ߣ
ӰЦһıóѵӡ
˫ֱ任գ֮䣬콣âǰ
һӣâ׼ɭɨƥƿŤתǬ𺳲񷡣
Ӱ֮ѡɭҪΪԷһֿ͸ĸоȻ깫ʵҲָƣڵûа취һ˲֮һҵԷʣµȣʵϱɭҪѷһǴ˸һֿ͸ĸоΪӰԣɭΪΨһѡɱɭļƻ
âƽԼɭ˵Ŵˣۼ깫ȳԼԮɭ˿һʱսⱩǣҹ꣬ȻԿ
ǿߣȻײ
ʱɭ֪ԼӰ֮ĲǶô
ӰĹһԨƺĸоԼÿιᱻԷȲȻƽ⡣
飡飡飡
˫ͨٴײɭĹ̼߽⣬漴ӰĹֱӻĻ֣âŶԷն䣬һ̣ƺҪ֮Уһ׵ĺڶǱӰǿĽ

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깫ҲޱȺȻȻ߾ȫҪɭվˡ
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ʥ䣬һƬը⻹Ϊͽ׵ʥߣǿһЩģͲֲ֪ʲôزˡ
ɱ
깫桢ȶһۣԿ˴еľ֣ʱٲ֣Ҫ˻һҵˣͬʱΪһ⣬ŲӰɱ˹ȥһǿޱȣ֮м캳أߵǬ̺֮УЩѵȫۼֲѹӺԶĵطԸоõ
깫桢ȵĹӰҲСӣ׼任¡һǿϯŸը
깫桢ȵĹӰԿ֮УǰͨȻֲޱȣڲӰǰȴǲظ
ӰռϷ磬ֻԼ֪ڵ࣬Ҫ֪ڵĲӰֻѣʩչֵܹ֮ͨѾܲˣԸоõԼڵʧ֮У𽥾Ҫݽߣ浽˿ݽߵز깫桢֮߶һ⡣
Ӱ죬ô䣡
СΥ汾
Ӱһһת֮䣬ٶȻΪһӳ
һ̣һԾվͷ֮а衣
𣡺𣡺
֮Уϯܱ޶Ҫѡ
֮ϵĲӰ磬ΰ̺޾һӣϯ깫桢Ⱥ˹ȥ漴ֱ任Ϊֲͨըÿζޱȿֲ
깫桢ȿ಻ԣû뵽ӰȻǿᣬֻÿըһϢо֮£ֻǿ⣬ľ޴󣬽ϱڵĲӰҲòȥ
ڴ˿̣֮дһ⻮ʣչֲֿϢһϢо
ģԶХӰ˫üһʥߣʥ߽ӽˡ
ããλһ֮ɱӰۣ
깫ҧҧ˿Ҫ̲ӰǲˣǴȵ
깫Ϲ˵Ҳôɣ
ڶ߻ص漴һֻϴִ̽
֮ϣ˿˿ɫƣֲǳϢϱ깫滹ҪǿἸ֡
ߣССʥߣ˼ѣҲǰ񣡡
ӰߣѾ˼㣬ʱ򣬰Ծɲ㣬֮жǲмһ̤ӿ罭ӱڣ̧һȭӭĴֺ˹ȥ˫ײֻԶһƺߡ
ߣҵҪӰתжʵ
һߴ߳߳෢һ˸һ񺮣ħ೤Զ⣬ħΨ֮ɢ̹âֲף˿̣߲ûͣЪһħתڴʲô
̶Ƭ̣ħѾΪһ壬ֲϢɢ𺳣漴һ㣬ڿһӰֱӰը˹ȥ
Ӱ֣ʱڳ෢һֲͨ
ɱ
һȣ캳أ䣬ŭţ˶
һ˲䣬ֻһ޴ɱֶָ޾ɱ⣬ŲӰѹȥ
һ֧ƿնٶȼ죬һӣƲʾɱ׷ȥδƿ֮ƣ̹տտâϢ˷ġ
֮һ˳ì˳ìԼǧɣ֮пΪСɳĴСһ㣬ì֮ɢĹâȴҫ޾֣Ϣƿͱ񷡢ŭתǬֱӰɱȥ
ļɱһѱޱȣֻǿţҲоԼ౻УĪʹ˽ͨ׹˸ʥޱȣ֮飬й档
һһѴ󴸣ٶ֮ûǰ漸ôݣ֮ϣȴǿֹ·֮ռŤǿѹԭΧѵƬ˿ȫ˹漴鿪֮Уʹô˴ӵǰ漸ײҪһ顣
ʥϳӰüͷλʥߣÿһǿޱȣ깫桢ȣԼɭ깫ܺ磬ɭϱ˶Ҫ󼸷֣ȸ˵ˣ֮ʥߣǸΪֻһΪӰԵǵĿľնɱӰõɽӰ۵ĴС
һתۣ˼֮ӵԼĴڤڤ֮еĹ涨ۣЯκαʥ߾ĶǷַԼӡ
Ȼںɽ֮۳⣬ӰۺԾǴɽģȻӵԼĴУֻҪնɱȡӰ۵ļ䡣
һ㣬ǳһ۵ļ䣬̺޾еʥ߶õ



409 ȭͷ̫
ŤתǬԾϣҪڱ֮£
Ӱһ𣬰纣ͬһƯ
Ȼ֣ɱһһֵ
һץħ֮ץУǲһֱ飬ޱȺ嫣ڲӰǰȴ첻ɰ˺
𣡡
ӰһУڣһӦ˶
֣̺ȻûɱôֲɴӸоϣƺɱǰһ
ַӶӭɱײһһʱ̹ܵһϴΡì󴸶ǲһ£漴ŲӰɱ
ӰָһһХ֮ޱȣգ֮䣬ѾٽΡ
ƺСȴֲ˹̺ֻһ㣬ʥ
ûԵʥߣһҲͻ۵ķա
ֽ֮Уʥ߾·һյ㡣
֮ͣ漴һը֮ԴʧһӺϮ˱Ҳ˹ȥ
Ӱ˫ٴһֲ̼䣬۳һ֮
˽ͨѩףԼɣ̺һӱŷڿݺᴩ
ޱȣգ۹ѾǧɴСХĳìࡣ
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һɱӰɫ˲ѿȥҪݽߣӭͷµĴ󴸣ȴûаͣơ
ƣ
Ӱҧҧһ̤һȭըȭͷ޾󴸺Ȼײ
飡
ȭײһ
һ̣󴸵ʱâһֻԾĴֺȻ֣Ŵ㡣
ʱ򣬲Ӱɫ԰ף̲סһѪ
ȣȣ
˿̵Ѿ˼㣬֮еݽߡ
ʱ򣬾Ըκһλʥߣû˿սʤĿܡ
ĵӰ֡
һɫ۵ˣϺۺѪȾɵһ㣬ʺޱȡ
ݿ㣬ţϣȴһŨŨѪɷ֮
ԣһŮӣǧ˿ڼϣǣ΢Ц֮ʱ¶أ׹롣
ŮһɧϢʹѪڣڴϺ˶Ҳ޻ˡ
ֳֳìģһˣƵòȻһɫۣһº͵ӣ˸оΪ飬ϸ۲죬Կ֮дɱг̰
һ󺺣׳ɷһɫۿɷʴȴ⣬нɫ󴸣ݣ֮£Ψ𣬲ңҪȻơ
ʥߣص㣬ǻħϵߣһ֮ǿĴڣʵ»깫֮ϡ
һѪɷӣʱʱ̿ɢǿϢŨѪɷ֮ѾǣϵˣѾԶѻɽ۳ɺӣ֮£ɱ
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ӵһɷâ֮ŤתǬ񷣬ֻڷ֮䡣
۴󺺣һƺ󺣣뺷֮⣬亱˺ƴΪһȭһѣռ
˾Ӱô
ףôôСһָͷ㣡
۴һЦȿڣ̬Ǽڽ
ߣ
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ͬƻ֮оˣΪҪľնɱӰۡ
ӰӵͨˣҵȽտɾͰһˡ
ϻħ˵̬֮йɴȨյƣ֮УȻΪ
ã
깫ͷ˿ҪʥҲ÷ʲô
ϼһ֪һҵӰ֮һ֮սɱ⡣
ȺСҲնɱۣ
ӰЦһ漴Ȼתףޣһ
»ѵҪô
ˣżԨƺĸо֮ص
Сһˣʲôˣ
һ̤״Ц
Ӱɫͨ죬Ҳ÷̧߼֡
ǰңպͬˣɱǰ֮ҴȥҶ֮С
Ӱ۴ΣʵԿĳûѡ
˿̣ӰѪˣ깫桢ϻħҲǳ⿴ȥɫ˲
̫ˣõ͵Ϯᣬ˵©ˡ
һʵ֮쳹
һ̣һͦӰǰ
һ꣬˱ֱƿɳز졣
һ޷Զ죬ƽ֮дżֲֿĽɡ
Ľԣһʲһ纣
ȻûеôֲͨʥҪѰ·
һΪ˭أһ𣬻һʥߣֻ״̬
ֻʥߣôһʵҲսǣֱ˵Ρ
ΪתʲôȻ˲񣡡
Ľɳ֣ϻħ˿ŵҲɳ
ħҲǷԭΪǾǿߣڿڻҶѣ֮ɱ
ֻСèСҲĽĳǰк治֪
ĽɫƽĮû¶ȡ
ãҿеˣ֣
˿̣ӰЦһĽ˵
˵ڵĽɣΪֻ𣬿ǲӰΪתȻóĿֲ粻ΨһЩǿߣԿսϹ֮УʥΪսۡ
ң
ϻħŭȣ˹ͬδ䣬ħƶٶȿ硣
գ֮䣬ѾĽɷӶ͵һץ̩ɽֲֿ
ϱȸղŶԸӰʱȴҪϼ֣ȻϼһǿĽɡ
ΪֻһСϻħһͨʥ߶ҪشΨ䡣
ȭͷ̫
ĽɿЦϻħʵѰѾޱǿᣬУһЩڵʱͿսʥߣλ𣬵ֿϻħһ׾ٵ顣
ȭһ
Ľһȭ޴ͷ籼һը˹ȥ
һʱ䣬׵裬һɿֲ
ֻȭͷײǿĳ֮С
ϻħˣƣֱۣоһ顣
źһ˸֮ϣʹ˺ѷΡ



410 
ǿ
ϻħһȻ֪ΪʲôӰῴĽˡ
ĽɽסԼһȭĽɵʵ²ڴˡ
пܸӿֲٲʥ֮£пӰһǿᡣ
Ҫĳŵһһ룡
ĽɿŲӰ˵
Զţ˵һһ룬֮ıк档
ҾΪ𣬷˴ʱ䣬ŵͻ۾硣
Ӱ˵ͷˬʵ˵
˶ԷĻĽĬȻӲӰԸ˵Ǹ߰ޱȣеģŲƭԼƭˣĽҲˣһҡ
Ϊƾսʤߴʥôǳ˵Σ
깫ڣȻĽɵʵʥߣǣǿ̫
Ҫ֪ǿӵˣʵǲö˵
ڵܹսʤȣʥ涼ҪŨ
ԣĽɺͰҪǲʵġ
ҿû˵Ҫǣǡ
Ľ˵¶һĨЦݣ漴һ
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촸Ȼ趯һɹɿֲϢÿκ޶ҪѣֱߵĲӰ׷ɱ˹ȥ
Ľĳڴˣľٶ壡
Ľ˵꣬һһ߲ɿת󴸺Ȼײ
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ʥߵٴμڲ֮һ̣Ľɴ˹ȥ
¤ʥһ˦гìȻɳ̶ӭǣǧɴСɨĽɡ
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ߴʥߵһ𣬼ֱԵߵǬǵܾͨȷһ˲ʩչĽɾҪˣˣĽҲо˿ֲѹ֣ѹ֮£ѡ
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漴һܹͬʱʩչֿͨһʱߴʥ߾޷ֺ
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һ仰漴깫桢ϻħĽŲ׷ȥ
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Ľ¶м任һǹȻС
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¤ˣȻĿŹʥ䡣
Ĳȳ֣һ̤գ֮䣬Ľǰһնһ콣âȻ֣ĽɺȻն䡣
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Ĵʥϳ֣ò˵ǿĽˣʱĽȴû˿壬ֻһЩѣӰ֮£ڿвϱ÷λڳ֮Ĵʥûа취ƶ켣ֻоĽлӳͨһһֲޱȣŰ˷ը
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Ľɵٶʵ̫ˣʼǱһ룬۹ʥߡʥߡ¤ʥߡʥμ٣ûаô
ʵĽڶ֮УҲǼΪղܹ֮һģһ𾳽սĴʥߵĿֲսҪǿһֱܵӲӰ깫桢ɭ˽սʼĽɵڲϻ֮С
ˣ֮ʥޡغɫŵȻûȫֻʱĽҲһЩźԼһգɫſ¾һʥߵȫڣ֮ʥ֮£һ˶ҪΪ֮Ķ
ĽɾԼԽԽԶʥߵļ٣˿̣һٶȱ٣׷ɱȥ
λʥߣĽĳһˣ
ĽһоӰʱΣ漴Ҳ˲ô࣬ħ֮˲ŷĻ֮Уһڰ׻ߣ˳˦ˡ
ĿĽɵӰ˲ʧʥߡʥߡ¤ʥߡʥ߶ʱסˣΪĽɵٶѾﵽޣδ뵽ȴգ֮֮죬ٶȣѾԽʥߡ



411 ѩ
һתӰߣͰڲϵı֮С
ϻħ깫桢ǽ׷һ·֮Ϻ֮
ǿɨ޼òӰе˼вüβòֵֿ
ΪЩǺķ˲ʱ䣬һ̣ϻħɨޱȡ
ҹ
ӰȻתһĳ
֮гĻӰŨҷǳȻγһֻӴΣӿײ
һ֮ϻħֿ˿̲Ӱˣͬʱ깫ҲʩչԼֲͨŲӰɨ෴ڲӰߵİֱܵӡ
һ
һڲӰǰкȻ۳һѽɫսꪣ͵Ͷʹޱѡ
С㣡
Цꪻ磬ʽ֮⡣
깫Ȼ֣ԾĴȻãӿ̮֮
Ӵ۳Ľɫսꪲʵ壬ڹ֮ȻѣನɨһѪ
һ̣깫ӰһŲӰɱ˹ȥ
ʱӰͰκֵڳ֮УǺϻħ깫滹ΪСȣһҲսʤˣҲʤãҪ˵ͬʱսʥˣ³ֻȪ
Σʱ̣޲һһֻͽȻ̽ϵ֮֡
ַֻ·Գ죬޾֮ϣ˿ʩչ캳ء
һ
ǿ󹥻ըֻĽ任һ߲ӿٴγ֡
һεĹӿֲΪʩչһĽɺȻһѪ
ʱֻһħ֮ӿӰ˸ݡ
ߣ
Ľ˫֣ŲӰͰ߷ȥٶȼ죬գ۹ʧ٣·뵽һµ֮С
Ľɴˣϻħ깫桢
ʱ򣬲ʥߡ¤ʥߡʥߡʥ߲Ÿ˹
Զĺϻħˣæ׷ȥߴʥһͬ׷ɱĽɡ
ĽɴŲӰٱ֮УʵǿޱۺҲ֧Ų˶ʱ䣬Ҫ֪׷ɱĿǴ˵֮еʥߴˣ֮ࡣ
ڵʵ֮ʥߣǱľ棬û֮ǰҲսˣһֻǿƽѾˣһһǿᣬȫʢʱ򣬶ԶԸڰֻ֮ʵޱȣĽʵȻǿᣬôʥҲΪҪľǶǵ׷ɱȻһᱨ𣡡
Ӱ̾Ϣһ˵ǰơ
ЩǶ֪Ҫи취ܲһֱ֮Ӵܰɡ
Ļ㲻ǴɱҲ⵽ǿߵϮ
Ľɳ̬ء
¼򵥣ǰĶ֮С
ֻҪˣҲ壡
ӰȻڡ
ǻûеͱ׷ɱˡ
ƲƲ죬̾һ
µҲֻܰ˵ˡ
㵱
˿̣Ľֻƴһˣ붴֮УõӰһ봫УмͻʥߣͻƲˣҲΪ۷ڡ
ǰеĽɣȻо׷ĺϻħˣǵϱĽɡӰĶ࣬һ·ȻҲΪƣһ뵽Ӱ۴УһǴʮ־
ʱ֮е¶Ⱥ½˲٣˵֮Уǲֱ仯ġ
ˣĽɶָоҲһĪĺϻħҲоˡ
ҪõӰ۴УΪǺ𺣶Ҫһ
ԽǰУֺоԽԽŨģȻڱ֮еĸоòʩչֵ֣͵ĺ
ӽʱ򣬳˭ԺȻ
ΪǰֱһƬѩ磬ûѩ硣
Хѩе˶촽ϣƺɱˡ
ʱ˿̣ĽûаɣŰӰ˽Ƭ֮С
Ľɽѩʱ򣬺ϻħ˷׷ͣ˽Ų
ҵȽǲ
ϻħü˼

һᶨ˭Ҳû뵽ľȻǣȣ
Ǹδţδıѩ֮У൱Լȥƴ
ȵĲη˵Ķ־Ҳ˳
Ҳȥ
깫ҧҧһ̤롣
漴ϻħʥߵһһ˽ȥ
ȵѩ֮еʱ򣬾ǱĿʼ
䣡
ҵּҪˣ
ʱ¤ʥڣ˵Ŀϣһ˪۳͵֮䣬ɱ˹ȥ
¤ʥ߲ϵֿЩ۳ıޣһǿޱȣͼĶʥҲУ˿ȫӹﵽʲôطʥ߾ʲôʱôֵǮˡ
飡飡飡
һͷͷŭţа׻ʨжԸ޲
ǵĿֻһǱ¤ʥߣһһ˹ȥ
¤ʥߵ˷׷ʩչǿֿ֮ͨʱģӰǰӹ
ǣ
¤ʥǰһһȭ
һͷ޻ˣ漴Ľɶߵķ׷ȥ
깫Ҳһᣬ޳֮¤ʥߵĽŲ
֪ΪΣȾȻҲҵһ϶ȥ
ɶ񣡡
ʥŭʱжʮͷ𾳽ıΧǡ
˵ʲôﵽһ̶ȣǿԶʥв
ĽɴŲӰнһ·Ҳ˲谭вӰڣоյĶ˼Σ
˵ӰΪǺǿڵӵмߵԡ۲ԣԼĽɵԤ֪ܹ֮ӦʲôطʲôıޣЩӲǵ۾ҲΪӰĽɵĴڣǰûбʥ߼ı޽ɱ
ĺϻħ깫桢Ⱦûôĺõˡ
׷Ľɵ;УıÿһǿޱȣƺĽǵʥ߱޻۵ĵطһΣʮʥ߾ıȺֻޣޱȣֲϢúϻħ깫棬䣬һ·Ƕɱ¾֮жȹ



412 
֮
ȱһһӣȻ䡣
޶ʱѣк£ڵӣǰһͷʥ߱޺ȥ
һһǿ⣬ֲ֮ɢϢ
飡
ײһ֮з˲䣬һΣǰһ󲽡
ͬһʱ䣬깫ͺϻħֱüͷʥ߱޵Χ
䣡䣡䣡
ϻħ˫޵ħѩ֮ʵϱ깫滹Ҫϼ֣ħͨףһһʽ޾ˮһ籡ƲţȴŨϢɨ޼
ܣһЩܵشе𾳽ıħ֮¸û⣬Ψ³ֻʥ߲βܱһЩ˲䣬ϻħΪһ磬ǰӣһ١
깫ûôõͷʥ߱Χɱֱһӵľһտ˪ƣһּΪǿĸоޣֱԱǡһͷ
ǶƱޣٶȻԶ֮ͨڱѩ֮УԳһ磬ĸƱ֮ʥޣ·һС͹ҡ
ڹ֮УӵʮҵĹ񣬱ֻʮ֮࣬ʲôȫΪҪһ㣬Щ𣬾ոյıޣҲˡ
⽫һôֲ磬֮УѾǰμڣڴ˵֮еʥߣ˵ֻҪ۰ͬԿԽʥߣֱ̤ۣ־طͼĴڣ֪ѩ絽жôֱֲ޷
ͷʩչ߾βһɨѸ׺ɨ
飡
ǿը֮£깫оһ顣
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깫б任ֲףӭĲײһǽֿ֮
ʱԱӶԱԭóٶȣֿٶ֮£깫æ㡣

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깫оԼҪ屻ֱӴ͸ѪȪӿȫʹ
Ҫɱ㣡
깫ŭȻȥ˵ʱѾûжô˵Ҳʥߣһ֮£죬Ȼͷ­ѿԽŽѪûͷ­껹ڣٿˣ漴һâͷֹסѪ
˿̣ߡǡԱͬʱ֣ͷͬıޣſѪڣѪ̰ģ˱󷢺
һʱ䣬
깫һȻʩչǿͨҪֿͷ֮£ûа취ֿ漴ֱ֮Ӻըʱ˿̣깫һ㻤֣Χ֣ԴԴϵĺըϵĹâ
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һһڣ깫ķѣһģĶɣʣСѪ⣬޵ĿС
˿̣ںԶطȣƺоʦ䣬һʹȴû˿취ȥֻе

ĽɴŲӰڲϵķɱ֮УԽԽԶı޸ǿᡣ
ʱ򣬺ϻħȾȻ׷
벻ǻЩʵ
ĽЦڡ
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ĽԣȻͣ½ŲӰͰ˷ֱվԡ
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⻹УҰɱˣŽǿߡ
ĽЦ˵˵һ̤ӿˣѩ֮УףͦΣһƿɳнء
Ľһӣɨı֮Ԫأֳ˱֮úޱȡ
Ľһϻħ¶֮ɫ漴˫任ħΪһĽչԿ
Ȼһˡ
һ̣ʩչꪣȻһƿ֮쳹ޣڱ֮֮иѤá
Ķң
ꪳĽɺɨȥʱһӰͽȻ֣ǲӰ
һ·֮ϵϢ֮󣬲ӰѾָ룬˿̣оţȻ֡
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ս
ȴһڲתȻ嫣֮Ϸɿô̵ʱ䣬ȾȻ˱֮Ϊһʵһ캳أźХ˹ȥ
ꪱȥͷ룬β漴¡һѿûаͣನɱȡ
ϺȻ֮ɫŨãһһѪǱֵ
еʱȸоûʲô仯鶼֪ղŹԼˣ۵֮һ
ɱ
ӰͬʱһһΣŶԷɱ
ĽɺͺϻħսǼ򵥵ö࣬Ľÿγֶǿֲǳһת֮䣬ضҪΪ֮𣬺ϻħʱĽ棬ħĴ룬Ľ֮սȻ·硣
Ľ̽ޱȣֱϻħȥȭͷ֮תһУҪ
ȫʢ֮ʱϻħûħըȥĽɹֿٿһЩƣڸֻܷβܣֻӥצһץ˹ȥĽɼ˫֣Ҳᴩ͸Ľɵ࣬ɱһǧ˰ٵ

һҽ쳹أҾ御
Ľɵһȭ˺ϻħĿ֮Ȼǲһ
Ƕ˶һѪӶԷ
ϻħ֮ΪҪĵطһƣ˱
ħצӴĽɵʱȴͻȻ֣Ӳ˸һ˲䣬Ȼɢ
ϼһ棬Ϣɣ
֮ʱҲע˺ϻħ
Ľɾֳƣźϻħͷ­Ȼ䡣
䣡
ϻħͷ­ѿѪŽ
ʱĽɺԥæʩչħ䣬ħ塣
һʥߣʹ䡣



413 ɫ
Ӱߣȱˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰӰһһһɼ򵥡
Ȼô㣬Կ϶ǣȵĴʮΣա
ҸовǿϢڿߣ
Ľ˫üһŲӰ˵
Ӱ΢΢ͷҲˡ
һ̣˫任ֲޱȣը
䣡
ǿᲨϯϮ
ȣȣ
˺Ŀ¶ȻһսѾˡ
ʱ򣬲Ӱͨȴͬһ㣬ϯ˹
㣡
Ӱһ̽ת֮䣬ֲϢȻѣӰ֮
˿̣ʥϢԽԽӰԤõһ˲䣬ԷͻԼߡ
ߣ
ĽɹϾŰȫӶȥӰһۣһ
뵽ǣһ֮ǻ׹Ȫ
ĽɡӰȫǰУŰȫطȥ
ϵʱ򣬲û֮ȵӲûбѿ
ֻ֮УһɿֲϢȵǱ֮ɫ
飡
˷ײӳԶĽɵ˶оˡ
ǲǸղ뿪ĵطô
üɻĵ
ĽɺͲӰһۣĬȻ˵ͷ
Ӧȳʲô⣬ڲЩʱ򡣡
һȫطϢһ¡
Ľɳ˵˵ͷһ·ɱʣ޼
ѩޱȣҪҵһЪϢ֮Ҳ顣
Ҫһ㣬ǺЩһ𣬱ڱ֮ŨĵطĽɡӰ뷽跨ͱһ콨ϵ෬֮£ڳɹˣҲҵһΪȫĵط
磬һƬƽûб޹ţĽϥ֮С
ǴӱҪһأĽ֮ʵΪҪĻڵĺɫţһǷμȥĸضܵһӰ졣
ĽʶǱԼ֮вߣʱغɫȻԼĵ֮ƽ棬ȴ͵Ѫ
ߣҲ㣡
һˣĽͷŰźɫϯ˹ȥ
ϵĺһαһοֲĿֻһǱǽɫͬΪԼ֮еһ֡
գɫŶ˿ƺˣö֮Ľɽ뷨ûİ취
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417 Դ
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Сŷ·ڹˣǣʹ˴󲿷ֵĹ
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ǿԵĻǺ뽫Сסݺݱһ١
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أ
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¡
ɫһЩޣȫΪСŵϣС˸߳ɱ
СըͺͼȫȻѣԼĹԵֿ

졢ͼԲҽһһ̣СʩչĺɫǱǴֱֲӻУ˷λ˲䣬Ҫѿ
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󱩺ȣ쳹һ̣졢ͼʥߺȻ˱塣
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ͼʥߣǱһƥɴСĶǿýˣš
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˿̣ٶȼ죬һѹɨռը糱ǹСš
СɫȻȻһɢģû˿η壬ʱ˿̣һãһƬڣһֲֿо漴һޱȣֻС˸Ŷ졢ͼȻӣգ֮ʧ١
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оԼͷһʹʹԽԽŨò˿ǿס
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ײоһͷĿѣһ˲䣬ԼڴʹѪʹ֮
ʱһ紵΢ţȴ󤾯֣ȴܣߴ֮ѾȻѿ

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ʥһж֮£һܲĽһָüġ



418 

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ӰһӣʥֿڴˣûжᣬҪľɱΣȻרĶԸ飬һһƲĽ취뵽ɣ̽ޱȣ纣вΣ޾۳һɰ˻ġ
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ҵһطĽɶС˳ȥҵһЩˣСţĽɺΣŮԣǸĽɶ棬СåΪӰЦ
ԼСʲôִģⲻǶԼô
뵽ӰСŵǲҲ⿪ˡ
ĽһĿơ
˵ƹ飬һһǿӵУǱѩ֮еһǿߡ
ӱ֮УֻһˣȺÿȺʹһ鱾ԴƣȺ
Ⱥպգʥߣǿ߶УΪˣ˲ˣһֱ˺ƿնȥȺ˥ܣһλҲûˣʥҲҲǼΪϡ١
ĽɵһƵʱ͸оޱȳЩ壬ϴ壬оԼ֮Уת޾ò泩ʵڲϵʥ߸һ
ǣһ飬Ľɲ֪ķ˶ʱ䣬һ֮оԼ·ҪѿҪֻ֪ǵһ顣
һ鱾Դƾӵ˳ǽأжôֲ
һڲܳԸӣǳԵԣʼһ
Ľڷɿת壬̶һɫۻ˳ëųޱȡ
Զȥ˿̵һɫۻЩۻ࣬µȱݡ
Щô֮УĽɽʥߵһ谭



419 Ҳ
֮󣬵һ鱾ԴƲȫɾ
ƣĽɵʵﵽ۷壬޽ӽʥߡ
֮У̺޾֮˿̵ȫ֮С
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ʱţճɹЩķĽ̫ʱ䡣
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ĽɸоԼѾﵽһ㣬ٽһһµĲΡ
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תĵطռÿһϢ
ÿһϢȥԲɰǧʥߣͳ˧ߡ
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˵ĽɵʵѾﵽֲĵزԼãڵԼȱʲô
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ӰѵĻӶ貽⣬ųһ̣춼ǽââ¶
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˿̰ޣ֮һɨա
˼սģֳǹһһ裬ɨ



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СŵĽŲһƬ֮ϡ
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Ľɰ˰֣ʱСһӣǰ·
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ԽԽԽԽԶʬϡļҲʥߡ
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ԶŹϴС
ȻԶĽȻоõ洫İϢ
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СԼ۵˵
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СһЦӰ˸ϣŹӶȥĽɵ˽ں档
ԽԽֺо̣˲
⹬Ҳ֪ʲôģȻȻͨʥ߿¶Ҫֱ롣
䣡
һУԶԶıܸоõ񱩶
СŵͺһâһԲСľӣڹơ
ֵɫһЩ΢⣬漴ڵһĻĻչǰ
տʼʱЩģ壬ֻܿһɹɿֲں
ԽԽ룬Ҳ
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棬һº͵ߣ׷ͯաһƮ裬˼ֵòȻ
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һ
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ǰ߸ֱ˵ֲޱȣٶ棬ȴûͼô
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飡飡飡
ȻһԺ俪
ʱͼٶȱŷӡ

һҺѪˣ֪ԼѾˣϼһԥӳһתߡ
ߣǱϼһˣ
ͼһвʡ
˿̣֮Уһտɫʯһӡ
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422 
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֮УһӰ˸Ѹһ㣬գ֮䣬Ѿͼӵǰ
ſѪڣŻδݺתɣһּΪֲĸо
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Сźη壬׾ٵĽͼӵĹܹȥ漴ֻСһڹ⣬âܣֱͼȥ
ͼӷһӣڹ̼ը漴Ȳʾ缲һ㣬ϵĳСź˹ȥСű任λһ˲䣬Ҳ⵽µĹɨ
Сźһ𵴣ζ޾ŭһ̣Сһ˸ٶȻ֮䱩֮ࡣ
飡飡飡
ͼһʱԶܣȻǰСŵס
һ̣оѹȻײ漴ͼ͵һѪ

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ͼӸо󷽴⣬֪СѾ׷ǣʱһϮѸףȻһѰ׹Ƶǹ
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ĽɴЦһ飬˻֡
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Ľ˫üһѯʵ
˶һۣջǰڡ
飬֪ܲڱϵʿ˵Ǿ
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Ľԣɫ΢䣬ڰĻҲΪȡ
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ջ󣬺ñһֱͻһΣ᲻õ
֣һҪ㣡
Ľ΢̧ŷϣǳЦڡ



423 
˵
ϣһ飬΢ĽɣкȻ˽š
˵
Ľɶ˶٣漴Ц
͸ˣ
˵꣬Ľɽеտ˹ȥϣæֽס
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лĳΪպõõĵطǣ
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Ľ΢΢һЦæϣһ䡣
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飬ֱɣʥ߾磬Ҳᱻǿű塣
õķǺѩ޻һ̷ֹܷ壬ܴﵽЧ
ϣҡҡͷ̾һ˵
ϧǣѩ޻ȻûôϡУȴҲҵһˣԾʥ߶ᣬôܹǵУ
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Ӱôһ˵ϣļʱȥһ롣
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ңǰѾ֮ԴȪˣǿƣѩ޻ѱ˶ˡ
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ӰһգһһۣĽ˽ȥ
һĻܶ˶ˣʱ򣬲˶Ǿ̾
֪һ壬ʲôʱλԾʥߡ
Ҹ֮ˣǿᣬǱȻǰ



424 ʼݵ
֮ͨһ㱡
˫ٴʱѾһ硣
һһ޼ʵı棬ڱ֮УһƬɭϳǽ
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˿̣ȨȻ֣һȣŭһɹɨ粨ӿĴ󺣣ԴԴϣȻֱ
пžȨҲչԼͨһУһд֮ӳϸһһѺɫþ죬ޱȣһ˺Ѳ񷡣
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428 
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мԼĶ澳в̣кɫӶα任羪κһ㣬ֱϯ˹ȥ
ſڣһ磬źĻƺ֮һɹڣչֳľʵ

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˿̣ǰߣǾ壬֪Ҫô֮ǰ顣
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ĽһɢŨ纣չ⡣
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ӵ˵ͷȤĿĽɡ
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ĽɣһȺ֮⣬ʮۣ˿ҲۼȺ
ֻĽɺȣԶˣҪߵ뷨



437 ս
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Ц漴ӿʹⷢ仯ڶְ˷Ŀǳ
һ̣һɫӿڰ۷˹ȥ

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漴һѪɫ̳εضЩ˵ȫ뵽˼̳֮С
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Ц˿̵ִȨյĸоƺһж֮С
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棬ȼյĻ棬۽𾦣Χȫӳһ㻤
һСŵֱͨ䡣
ӵĻһŤ̶âֻǿά֡
ϢһѪָǵıԵ
Ůûôõˣ֪ԼĻֵסСŵһֻ䣬һҹСźȥȴСȫ漴СӿֲһɽֲȻѹ£ŮҪ
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ӱһȻϢϣץ㣬нҫһƬʥޱȣСŵֱӶԺ䣬һ£˾ԺƺһȻһЩƣ漴ɵŮߣ¶֮⡣
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Сŵһӱۺӡ
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438 ʮ
СС̤۴УֻһɵѣҲҺͱ档
ӵĴлûпǿˣ֮һ֮㡣
СҲǲʾһ˵ţһչжڹţͽȻ
˿̣Ѿǵĺģһͭ塢䡢һëβ͸̣һȻƣ𺳣СڵӣȻûӴ٣ϱȴ޶ҪС֮ܶ࣬Уȴһӵ޾ĸоֱӱӶȥ
һȻֻС˸һ
ӻһƣСŵͷ­ײһɾ֡
ӵƣʱΪ̻ңͬʱʹ鷢ˡ
Сһ漴ӷ֣Ŀ꾹ȻԼһԵıŮ
˵Ůֻǰۣɱͨӵв٣Ȼ֮䣬Ϊһ⣬Ҫߡ
Сܷȥ֮䣬ǳԽ˴ŮڱŮУֱӽɡ
ɶҪɱ㣡
ӳԼİŮӣԼǰɱԼȴûȥȡ
ΪСŵٶʵ̫ˣټԼӦʱѾˡ
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һ̣˴ҽУĽ֮ŭ
ҹ񡢻ԳϺͲٰ۶ˣʣµֻвӰʥŮСš˫ӡdӡߣһʶİۡ
˿ֻ̣ʣһֻҪһ䣬

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Ľʩչ׵̺ͨһʱ䣬ĴѹȥЩޣȫڵأʥŮˣ֮£ҲһҪĸо漴ֻһѰǹƿնȻĺɱ˹ȥ
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ӿСֱԼӶоޱȣ

ӵСٴײСźη壬ֱͷȥͷ­˵ϱȸҪӲôεײ֮󣬾ûа顣

һѪȻӵ۴УСŵҲҪܣ⻹ûоѴ֮СţСž˴ôֲ
СһʱǱ߷˱仯
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ʵЩתۣ붼ƭˣЩתʥ߾Ȼ׾٣ǿ¾ֹڰۣһģǰ۷壬Ҫﵽ̤쾳һ

СһӰһ˸ĽɵǰһͿʱ˷
ɢѪâҲԵֿ漴һҹը
ڰѪײԺˣСȴͬߵķݵ˳ȥ



439 ȭ
ʵڰ֮Ҳǰμڣ̤ͨһǿߣҲһս֮
ϧˣң˿̵ʵնɱ
䣬˫ֲϱ仯һѪɫֱ֮СźĽɺɨ˹ȥ
С漴һӰֿѪɫ֮ײ
Ľɣ˿̽ξ֮Уõ˴˵֮еʵڰ۷壬̤һҲԿ⣬һޱȣ缲꣬ɨ֮䣬ͨײ
ĽɡСŽ棬ʱȫ岻֣ΪԼʵϽȥǻֱӻҷ
ɶͻ̤жã
磬סҵΪ
˫ȭ˿̣޲ϻһҵĽɣΪİŮӱ
ĽɡСźҵƴɱͬһʱ䣬·Ⱥ֮Уκˡ
Ϊʱеȫɱ˹ȥ

һҽУȻʥŮһƬ˺ƣѩ׼ء̻¶
޲ϧ֮⣬˲䣬ҵĹ
漴ʥŮֱˣͬһɸɾ
ȥĻǱɣ
ص˵
ǰǵǿԿġ
Ӱͬĵ˵ͷˣҲ뷨
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˿̣Ľɵͺһһӣһиֳ
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ʱ򣬾ֱӳƺˣӲ֮УǿΪ
һľ磬ʦͽܵģ飬ʱз
ԣ֮УҲͼֲˡ
ӻΪ磬㵽˺ԶĵطڵӣҪʵûǿʵʲô鶼첻ֻҪӵʵͿնɱĽɣΪԼİŮӱѩޡ
ڴ˿̣޲һһֻԾͽȻ֣Ϣ䡣
ڽս֮еȻһѪ漴һ֮лص
֪Ҫˣһݴ񣬲ɡ
ɶ񣬸ʥһҪնɱ㣡

ʱ˿̣ĽɡСۼˣʩչͨ
СŻڰ磬漴֮ƣֱɱȥ
Ľƹ˿̱ɵħ˽ӣһƻӳֱץȥ
һһ˫ֱ任͵һġ
ͬʱΧѹݣһ¡֮캳أ˵ײ

һһĳ̬ʩչĲ۴֮е壬ͨ
壬ڱѩ֮УҲһһ壬ĽɿǲֵһᣬҲ֪ԷΪʲôô
ǵʩչ֮Ľ֪Ϊʲô
֮У˷ΪطԭĵطͻҲڴ˴ԣɱһ֮£γһ·ޣ˿̰һͬʱ׳һԵĳ˹ȥ
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Сαãʱڹƣһ˲֮䣬չǰȻֻǷÿһ֮У̺ǿ
䣡
һҺըĽɺСˣһѪ
ǿ̤һ׵ô
ϧҵΪûٴͻƣĻ޾壡
Ľа
˿̵սѾ߳ʱаͣЪ
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һ̤ɣ˫ֳצֱǰץ㣬ֱ˺ѳһƬƬϯСѹͬʱĽһסˡ
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