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һ丮ʥصͨ꣬־׷ѧ
ȻԾҵĿˣӵܵĽѹˣССƽ㣿
ŴϸܣĹŲ⴫ڹѵܴ½丮ţѧѧ̸ף
ССħչһǿߵ硣
Ҫѧѧ⡣
ְҵҪѡѡ˶ġ
ѪĶԾŵľǹâǧֱ££


 ħ
һ޼ʵıԭϷѩɣıмڿн⳹ǣ·Ҫ˵ꡣ
ڽеѩ磬ѩ糣Ʈѩˮɱ
ߵıԭϿգĳһʱ̣ʮϸСı·ܵĳǣתһ𣬶ɢһУе룬һˮһĹĻƾճ֣һ̣һλɫɴŮӴӹĻ߳
Ů׿Լ˿٣͸¶һʥϢ·ѩԭʢһֻŮӵɫ԰ףǹһѪ˿ƻԭ֮
ĻʧŮȴ³һѪήҡ
㣡
ƾһŮһɫĹŴŮϷɳ۳һŮ壬û°ɡ
û¡ȹŮӰ˰֣˵ǿƿռ䣬ԽңԶľһ磬ϼˡ
ȹŮʵ
ŮóʶУ˵㣬ѩ硣
ѩ磿Ůһ̾һǧ磬δԽգȴӵѩ磬ұĽܷѩѩ磬ѩѩҲҵ֮ˡ
㣬ģǡŮ˵ʱдһҵһ̣ռ·һ˫εĴ˺ѣһµӴ߳ն
Ůˣʱɫ䣬ԭĻҲ˵ȥˡ
Ǻòݣֻ˫ͫѪһĺɫʹЩĽܷѩЦʥŮ£ּˡ
Ľܷѩɫ㣬ȻϵԷ׷ȴû뵽׷ô졣
ӵʥŮ£鷢չһҲźٵܷʥҲǱΡΪֵزؼѾûʲôòˣ׷ֻļºĴڣʥŮħң˫ޣͬħܣͬ٣Σ
Ľܷѩתڵ˵һЩûĻˣڤӣܷʥأɱҲʹĴۡ
ôֻһˡΪڤӵӲΪ⣬һһιӵıģǻĺ鱦ԷħҲΪսʿǰӾƾŽЯͬһǿͻȻܷʥأ
ڤӽ׵գŽʢһǿƾճѩ磬һʱƬȫӰ
һնűԭϹԮŮӣĿĮ֮ɫ
ĽܷѩһĻǷһ˿ЦȵıһˣڤʥءԪʥء˹Ѫɷֻܷʥأô죬ұԼΪۣȫᣡ
ڤ˵ĽܷѩҾ㣬Ҳʵ츳ڣˣһǿߣûаʤ㣬ħ
Ľܷѩţһһֻһ沼˺ɫĵĻɫĽܷѩĻ֣ⶫ򶯵ħ
ĽܷѩȫȫעħУȻħвһ꣬ǲһħİ壬Ҳһ˵еµᾧӵзĿֲȻĽܷѩʵвƿԼҲᱻħɷӡ
¶Ҫֿ
㣿Ů֪ĽܷѩҪʲôʱ屻һĻƿյĴ֮⡣
ĽܷѩҪԼãΪħĽһΧ궼ᱻ飬Ҳ޷ܷʥʹֽԭ
ǺǣߣԸڤ˫ֽӡҪ᷽ԲʮգȻʱɫ΢䣬ĽܷѩеħУƺһΪ֮ս־
ǡڤͷһӡĶɵĻоһвΣ
Ԫһɲǿħ֮һС
Ϊ֮
ĽܷѩĮ³仰֮ƾջɵǹ⣬ʶȫ뵽ħ֮УһĻڤɫ䣬ԥ˺ռ䣬ҪܣʱħϵĿֲˡ
·ıըܵĿռֽͬƬһ鿪ѩһǿʶΣӵɴĴǷ׷գȻȴѾˣΧĿռ䱻ֲ˲𣬾޴ķ籩нֽƬһ˽ȥǵ廯ɳʧ걻籩ƬЩƬתɵħ֮С
ռĴΧ̮ʹѩһȫΪŻһеĿռ籩öħеƬ֮Ҳռ籩˽ȥƮա


1 
丮λ˹˳ǣɽӵ괫еѧ
Ϊŵ丮丮ӵഫѧѧʦִ̣ȻΪ˹־ĿеѧʥأȻӦģ丮յѧԱżҲ൱ĸߣһҲΪ
գɽɽţһּݵϣһʮ꣬˫ȭŲվһúϱϸĴǰһȭһȭصĻɡ
Ƶּ䣬ĴƤԵİȥһ飬¶ҰɫľʣľϴŵѪ
ΪӵƷѧ츳
˹һȫûѧ츳ʺ䡣һа˳ֻһƷѧ츳ҲκΪʣʮһдžųжƷѧ츳ڷܵĻǿСΪΪȴϣã
ѧ츳˵ϵˣǿǰһѧ츳ȥ丮˲٣
һ㣬һ𳤴һŮһӵƷ츳˱һԼ˿ȡ丮˲ٵ丮
丮˹ڲʮѣС̶ޣѧжҪûкõѧҪ׶Σ۾ͨѧ졣
ڶľ磬Ҳ֮ĵһˮ룬һӣҿԱΪ壬һʳ
ߵ棬丮丮̫ࡣ
һ䣬ȻҲȥ丮츳Ļֻܿڷܺ򶯿٣ϣǺܴ󣬶һ丮ĿʧܣҪ˷ѰʱȴһΣ˵ʱܱͬġ
һ㣬ټµԭ丮
ôһһ֣ȻΪСûе̸ۼ޵ĵز֮Ѿʵ㺣ĸĸҲϲǳµгԷ
֮һֱкøУֻ֮ʣһĴֻֽ˫ٳһ㣬Ὣֽͱơ
˼Լӣ¶ģ丮ҲҪ
Ȼ丮ſԵһ죬ȴûг֡
ΪΪĳЩû֪ܵ½丮Ϊ丮ӵıɣǵһҵүס
Ȼֻʮ꣬游ĸ洳ͬ亢ӳĶ࣬ױ½丮ζʲô
ĴӵѡӲҪŮòʣҪѧʣʸߵĺŵĿԺܴȻһ㣬Ʒϵ츳ŮѾǷǳˡ
ȻʸߵҲûУ±òʳڣԣϲҲ
˵丮丮ǻҫպȡõĳɾͣ߶ûпɱԣ̤ഺӳʮջ󣬸Ů޷ܡ
ջ󣬿²£Ůͬѡףױòǰ;Զʤ
Ȼף˵ûдǲܵģԼڷ죬߳䣬Է˯ıǰӿ̿ࡣ
뿪֮ǰ־ͻڣ׷ߵѧ磬ˡ˵֮ǰлĻô뿪󣬷Ӽᶨ֮ġ
Ŀ丮ء
Ƶȭͷɵּ죬ΪľƤͣкǿѧ߶ѡľ
֪˶ȭںľȫһʯͷϣӵϵıȡҩͿĨ˺۵ȭͷϣ֮˱Ҫʹҩݣͻ°ˣ˻۵ĶˣͿܲз
ֲҩΪ߲ݣȡ֣Ϊ߲мɫ֭ҺȻ˹Ч˿Ͼˢһʹġ
ҧסʹӰȡµİײһȦһȦĽȭͷ
ʵϣ߲ݸЧҩºͣʹҩкܶ࣬һļ۸񰺹ļҾ޷
ĸɣǾӪһҹģľ¥¥ʲȴĸĸɣϼ塣
ȻҲ֣ϼ屾Ѿ˼ѪףҽһֲҵϵԶ״㣬ĸĸӪ¥ÿù̶һɣͨͥѾ൱ɹۣԣϰ׽ˡ
ĸĸϣܼ̳мҵһ¥ƹ񣬿ǿһ䣬ó˼еȫΪҩġ
񣬼еĻһһģȴʼͣһء
ĵһ׶ΣԪ壬ܹأһ⣬࣬׽ض͹ǣ̤֮߱Ԫ׶Ρ
߲֭ҺͿ˿֮Ϣ˰ʱ˿ڳղҩҩվ׼ȭʱһֵģһѾ³߳Ц˵磬丮ſ˱ӣ㲻˰ɣȭ
ΪСͱССһ𳤴ǹϵֵܡ
Сʵּҵĵϵӵܣ˵ǵϵӣϵڼҲеλߵͣСǡǡĩģСĸĸ̣ͬסĺܽ
Сһ۱ת׮˵տʼ˺ܶ࣬ŶӶҪһʱɵҲ˷ʱ䡣
ʱ䶼Ź㲻ڰɡСЩŵ˵߽׮׮ϵȭӡͰ߰Ѫֿ˿Ǳ˫֣һ˵ǹ裬ľӣô⿿߲ݵĻҪˣ㲻ûϣ
û˵ϰһ;Ʒ츳Ҫ̤صںѣʱƴûϣƴˣȻܻ°˲зϣҲڰ˻۷ǰɹһɹ̤ڣԪ壬˱ʧ
˵ǱˮһսҲһѹĶĲ
С̾һӻͳһһĴ򿪣˵磬㡣
ͷһȴһʺѪѪξڲУѪοȥһݵģѪľƷҩһһƬ㹻ҩºͣҩǿ󣬾ΣֵҪһʮӣ൱һ롣
Ӷһ£ҡͷѪҲҪ
ֵֵܹܣѪ̫أСֻּҵϵӵܵĩҾȻҪҺúܶ࣬СĻҲԣĶȥ
СȴѪӲ˵ѪξǸģɹģϵİƨһ㣬˷ѣ㲻ҿɾͰˣƻû˼ˣʵҰֶҲûʲôҪ󣬾ϣⱲܱסּҵϵĺͷһͷ˾ͳˡ
ĬһǰѪ˵ãѪˣͳòΣҲó
˵ĻҪҪɷǸף⹷ģͿ˳ˣ
𡭡һԼ츳׵츳ȴǾˣѾ丮¼ȡ֮ĸ߼ӣʵﵽ۷壬ˣȻΪԼ˳Խ׵Ŀ꣬Ϊ£׷֮ƱҪһһżһһĸɽ׷׿Ҫʮ꣬ʮʱ䣡

ڴɽɽţһƬʮĽȺ丮丮ڵأ丮ſԱӣ丮ǰĹ㳡ϣۼȺ
СѾӳʱ䣬ߵ㳡ʱǷֻǵ͹˱飬ÿмʮ׳ȥôҲҪʱ
ȰɡС̾˿εվ˶β
˵ͷ
ףǱ˺ٰСָָԶһСţֻϡϡļˣҵ滹˺̺
ǹע⵽д֡
丮Ȼ˹˹ءԴôȻʵĸȨ׼һЩӣܶ丮ҲύȨ׼ȥ죬ѧ
Сˬһ䣬ҪҲ⣬һϮҫּȻǮȴǹ塣
Сʲôҵƽ⣬ʱűƿˣӴ߳һ£徫³ͷɫڣòʮֿ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ס
ҵŮңΪʵ۵ĳҾΪΪɣǺĵһ壬ұΪ壬ײ½丮
ûײˡСˬ
겢߳ڹȺӸ˵󣬿ΣǴȥģһ·߹ôȥȻײ
ĵλʵһײ˵ԿҲûж㿪ôƽĿ߹
׽Ų΢΢һ٣Со㵣üΪˬȻѾ֣ȴܾ֮ǰһǶȻȻװһЩΣѡԼΪ丮ԭûĸԼδװһˣҲˡ
ǰɣû뵽㾹ȻһصΪ뿼丮
еķζԣ丮ʵ˵ֵһᣬֻҪһ丮һ죬ôҪͲܡ
ҿҵ⣬ҲǸ˭ŵ丮ֻΪ׷ҵ
һϵȵ츳СҲ˵׷ǴԲѣ˵ָڵĹһ죬ĳ·һѿǶսһնĽƿһԼɼĲƷٻֱ˲Զһİڡ
֦Ҷ˵ϣΧ˷׷׵ɴ۾ϾǴͲ࣬СҲСϼ꣬׵ȴĪ
׻ӳһҪһ֮ĲࡣƷ츳ʮϰ䣬鵤ҩõò丮֮ڣΪ۷壬Ҳǳż㲻һأ
˵ʢˣСˣģ㲻꣬קʲôקһָֻɷ㣡
üͷһ壬תС̤ǰһԪ˭
ҡСѹȣһ仰˺һһڿˮظ˵СүСǺˣ
СߣּӵֵҼסһֻĹһСʲôʸ˵㣬£ûͬҶԻʸҷȰһ䣬֪֮²ġ
ɣʴﵽƷòʾѵŮͺ٣ּ˴壬֮ͻأŮ޵壬׳ѪҪз׸ײŻ˵
һǧƽԺҪǰ֣˵ţͳһƱ
Χ˶ʱզ࣬һǧƽһΪŵĿ㹻׶εʱڸ߼ҩá
һǧƽҪأСһѽƱ˻ȥʵҲǴӣһǧƽ˵Ҳһʾ޶Ƹˡ
һһǿķֱӽС˳ȥĿڵĴ𰸡
һ˵ף츳Ҳ㣬ۼҸ㣬俴Ĳ츳Ͳ֧֣Ҫġ֮ģ
ΪƸλٶ䣬Ϊ׷¶䣬֮ǵ츳ߵҲȨǮߵһ֮˵һ죬һᳬ㣡˵һ仰һһ٣ڳȫ
Ʒ츳׷Ʒ츳Ҽ޴СǷˣ
仰һ£Цãõúܣҵ㣡˵Ʊ˵һХʣĿһۣתȥ


2 ʯͷ
磬ˣ·ϣСһ˵š
û˵һȻ˵ҪԽףȴһʮּѵ飬ΪҪŬ
Ŭûʲôµģǰȴǹ⿿ܽ˵ģҪҩģÿһҩĶ۸񲻷ơ
Сƺµʲô˵磬ŬͺãǮ飬취İɣҼүȻʵڼﲻôǾ̻ˢӵģõó
Ų΢΢һ٣תͷС֮Укܶ࣬Ȼѩ̿ȴֻôֵ֮䣬˵ʲôлĻԵý飬ȴȻͣ˽Ų˵Слл㡣
ˣסܲⱲûɶ׷󣬿丮ҲΪ˸ϵѣ磬ҿ㣬Ժгһ˸֣ʱҵˣ
ҲˬʵЦЦţͳֵܣ֮·һȥġ

صסʱѾˣķӣ丮Ե˳ǵסʮֽΣõ걬סҪϸһ룬Ժܶ࿼ͻѡⷿӣȻҲˡ
һ䣬ֻʮƽףĲúܼ򵥣˴ҪϢʱš
򿪷һǷһʮ긾ŮļΪӷףƽʱⷿһװͰ͵ӣ̱֮ȴһֺõЦݣоЩѰ
ˣô
Сӣ˼㿴ܸⷿܲڳ
ţ΢΢üΪʲô
Ǻǣ˼ⷿˡһЩ̶̧ͷȥȴһüӴӴϷʵЦ⡣
һ㶱ϳˣǰ׺һһˣƺǸ֪ˣʱûв廰ǿСȴ֮ɫ
ʣΪֺףԼֻҪԼΨͼķŮȻҪԼˡ
丮ӣԴΣҪط̸ףҾ㻻˵⹷ֻеҡ
ɫ΢Ŀƽ̱ķˣ˵£ҲԤȽ·⣬£ߣ
һЦҵȻ֪ˣ㿴ûסҰ㣬ô
ǣ£̴Ŀãŭˣⷿ˱ƣô뿪Ҳ뿪һΨͼһɻ
ô˵ǣ֮ǰǿͷ˵˵û־ݣⷿҵģҰ˭˭˳Ϊ˹˳ǵķǱʶһԽУΪĶˣ˭ҲƲ˵úܣολһǮƵ˼ˣһ˵ȻӲͦĺˡ
ʱǼҲŵЦʶľͿ¸㣬СүҶˣҵ¼ңСүҲбٰϳ丮Ե£ϴɾƨ˯ְɣ
ЦĵΡ
Ȩ׼ȻȻγһԽУԽжʵʽֳʧ̬Ҳǰ㣬ȻʢˣҲ壬ʼάλߵķȡ෴Ȩ׼ˣҪǾǳţĪˡ
ǺһӣĿ⽥䡣
ʲôˣ¸㣬Ҽү˳ǻĴӣҪǸҴСүĻСү㡭
ͺһһȭкӵıֻá顱һһ㵹ɳȥŻһƹľƼҾߺ͹ưһأӵƬͷɢѪ
ܴľȭͷϵĽ֪ӵıֱˡ
ֱסˣɴһ˫ۣ˺üϢʱűһɱĲҽУɱ
һȥȻһ˫ʽŲô㣬߰Ƭһ裬ͨһˤ˵ϡ
һӣڵһأȻֻ𲽣ڵһؿɲǴײˣϾ˹˸ʺ䣬츳ǰһڷܣһǧͬδҵһʵʤֻһӵˣԸ͸Ƶġ
Ӳϵû뵽ȻҴȾѪָָΡΡ˵㡭Ҵң㡭ˡ
Ժ겻Ҳ֪֪ˡһӵСϣӲҽһһķ˳ȥֱײľţ߳˷֮⡣
һ仰˵طʰԼĶ뿪ѾһƬǽ壬˵ĶڵѪ׳ŵ˵㡭㲻ôˣ㡭ҪҪ⡣
Ųһ٣ǸڵһŮһۣ⣿
⡭⡭ԽԽûеоǰĿԨ
˵ͻȻһȭǽϣźһ죬ϱһǶשǽֱӱһȭˣ˾һһֱ˹ȥ
߳˷䣬ûڵϻȥĺһۡ
ˣ˲ưոݣԼ鷳ڡ
˵ȻҪѧ̣һ֣ԼǶ֣ѡͣ£ֻһèˣ̵ֻ̣ôϰã
ⲻ֮ġ
뿪ƬסլְѰ£ʼס⣬ҪһסùݻˣҼ۸̫¶Ұ⣬ȻҲνС϶ȥҪȥԼĵطס
ǹȥˣǾӱȻʱСҲסˣ˿һ˯ˡ
ο˻˵ǾĶֱɴЩ˵˲з϶ûʲôϡģɲС
ôԼס
룬뵽һס˳ľ¥֮һ
Ѽߣ˷Ǹ󣬱ıҲʵһĶȻǶˡ
ȥȻܻǮסޣǴ򹤣ĸĸǿ¥ģζɲΪԼܱȵ˳ǵĴʵϣ־ˡ

ʱ򣬴ȻһƬƻͨӪҵ賿˳õľ¥
ʵͨŵʱд۹ЩΪ⴩Ŵ绹ŰʵڲڴԷģҹؼԷҲʮҡ
дĺã߹ȥʵλСֵͬĸô
ҡҡͷ˵һݹ
£дܺҲüһʮĺʲôҪʮ˾ŵŮдҪʮĸ˧磬ڳʦһʮĺʦô
һȥ֡дͷİڰ֡
ȷʵҵԡ
дˬʵܸʲô
΢΢һЦ˵ǡ
ɶдסˡ

һƫŵְҵÿ¥⹤ʵǰ׵ɱ֫顣
Ҷţһ˵ʦĲٵ߿Ľһͷţ֫⣬ϺõĲٵȻҲܽţ֫ȴҪһ껻һѵһĲٵһ¾ҪһѵЧʼͣһͷţڴ졣
ܶʱ֫ĲţޣܶζۼסƤΪͣͨ˷Ѿţ֮Ҳ֫һС飬֣ԵԶҳȻ˽϶Ū߰㣬Сһ޷µʳ
ʼӴǴӽǿʼģڸĸľ¥УǾÿձһ֮á
Ǹǳ˵Ļȴ׮ɣӲΪԼʲô˵츳̵ֻԼڷܣһһϰѧʵһһġ
дʵڸϲֻð
㣬СֵҪӦ֡
֣ڴһۣԼĪʮŮ´ԷصţһСӣŮһ˫ü΢΢ĶǸд˵ʲôʲô˶ӣӣߡ
ŮȻǰѵĺˣǱѵдһɬʵȥģȴ˫һƲ
޹ǵһʱֻ۾һһᣬԭ޹ǵȻˡ
Ϊӵ˻ûô£ҲҪģλС㣬ҵҲٰɡ
Ů΢΢һСӻ˶һۣ治ãһӸ㲻ȥ̧һͷ˵תҪǰʱ㶨ڴ
֪ˣڨڨתȥ̧ʱˣǸˡ
˵ָָԶһͷԽޡ
ŮӳһԽǶޣ࣬ЩΪͣˣǼضҩģĻҹ᰾ζʴŨ
ޣǽǸҲѶԸ껹ǿ
ʲôЦԽ޵һٶӣŪôӲ޵˵鹢ڻ
ŮӰ˶һۣû˵ٵõô
һͣʱ˵ˣԽ޿ɲţͨ˵ƲۼףŪɲһõġ
ŮתУ
ͷ˳õһ޹ǵԽֻйΣζּʵȨϣϾ޲һѵġ
һϸĸԽ޵ۼף͹Ľڣһʱ䣬Ժγһͼ⸱ͼǰԽ޽ͼһһӡ֤
ĵȴУЩ˲ͷˣʲôУ
Ūˣ춯ְɡ
ҲЩ˲ͷһʮ֣֫ĶǶޣôǶ硣
ЩɳţʱѾüΪרעǵͬ
ӡ֤ýͼڳˣûøͷõֻһԷ޹ǵ
ͨذףб÷쳣˲䣬Խ޵ۼױһʿ
һĻԭɵ˶ʱˣһ㣬Ҫϵٽƽʱ֫Խ޶ҪøӿǾӾġ
Žļ϶ޱȣֽһ㣬ֻ৵Խһһİ׽Ѿ¶˳
Ǿӣжӵʹ۾ԼۻˣСеԽޣ
Ķˮż޷ܿ޽ʱϣСʱĹͷԽޱг飬Ա߷ŵһζΰ˿ԽֵǮ޽Щ޽һ£ʧûС
һĻʵզ࣬һпɣȴ֪֫ԽһôƴḶ́ͨҪ󺺺С죬ȴֻɫ΢죬Ūһͷ⣡
ϴѾôæˣĺܶ˶ڿһ˼龰Ǿĵģʱµ˵ҿôÿ칤ܳʱһ¹ƽһһҪҳס
Ů˼һ£ͷУ
ĲͣǾֵãٶʱѾܶˣҹؼʳĵʧ٣Ҫ
ڴʼ˹ʱ˷ʱ䣬ΪҲ׮Ǻݾıɾˡ
ϣһֱڿⷿһͷһޣʱѾͷ󺹣ֱˣ׼һͷȥסϢ
һͷѡһͷޡ𱳴ɽףݾҧʯͷɽ궹һ㡣
ΪԪĵ̫࣬˾ţ֮п˽𱳴ɽ׵ĸۼףѡͷ޵ĳԾǱƳԼļޡ
пۼ׾˺ܶ࣬Ž϶ڽ𱳴ɽ׵ĸʱоһ٣ƺһӲӲĶ
ͷǣǻﲻйͷ
ôʯͷҲԣ𱳴ɽȻżʯͷҧˣ㲻Ҳǿθḯʴôһ飬ôѵǡ
ڵ
뵽һ㣬΢΢һ޵ڵǺֵǮģȥĻҲкô
ףСĵıܿθᣬӲӲĶȡ˳Ȼһʧһε壬ȻڵΪڵԲġ
òʯͷʯͷЩŹ֡
ɫ壬߽߱ǽǹеˣǵгģʯͷ涼ĺɫģһصϢ
ģ
ϸĹ۲һ£Ҳ̫ʯͷҲһ


3 
彫ʯͷϴԥһ£ϵĸͷö棬ôʯͷ˿ˡ
֮Уʯͷڽ𱳴ɽ׶˵ƲļΪӲ𽥼Ӵȫңͷ趼ҳӡˣʯͷȴǶûȱ
ҿ
ˣϵʯͷӲû뵽ôӲʲôģ
벻ȻʯͷʮֹŹ֣죬˵ʲôĳּӲϴأֽʯͷڴʵڸ㲻׵ĻװƷҲá
ѵʰصָķ俪ʼϢ
һȭָʱĽǣʵЩˡ
򵥵ĴϢһ£·ҲѣڴϺܿ˯ṩԱĴ̺˯ǾĶӿûµҡ
һ˯üΪһֵΣпһƬ¥Ĺÿһ¥Ȼɣզࡣ
ƮݣòѵĳȺŮڹдʱ޻ʣٲȻɾ
ûĹڻ϶ûʱһתĹȻ̮г˲ӰЩӰ֮Щ⿴ڴ֮ϣǧɽ˲
ر˺񷱻ħȾ죬һﷶΧľ޴ƾո֣صķŲƬա
̶ֳȵĴսֱ󣡸֣޷侳ĸ֣ԲʲôڣԪܹģ
ϵÿһ˶޷ӵĴڣôһ
תһƬѩص磬һʳòΪ˵ŮֳһһС壬նӰ
ŮӾȻվǰߵľ룬ȻЩǻӰȴȻܴŮĸܵΪǿʥ͵Ϣ
ԾǣŮеڽ𱳴ɽ׸ҵʯ飡
Ůӿ˵һĻǼΪģֻ֡ħ
ħ
֪ΪΣֵһɲǣ뵽ʯ飬ѵʯ־ͽħ
䣡
͵ıըռ䱻˺ˣƬվ˾޴УϯƬأ֮ɽ飬ռ̮˲ΪޣֲУӰ廯Ϊ걻һƬħ֮У
վ籩룬ۼϯһУߵһлΪɻң⣬ָо޷ݣһһҲ޷ǣ
о亹ʱԼһޱȿڿռ䵱У龵һĹ㣬дСаƴССֻС룬һһߴСİɫ򣬹򷢳ʵĹΣͶʥࡣ
֪ôģоϢ֮ǰʥŮӵϢʮƣӦ˵һģһ
ѵʥŮ
ǵãڿռ籩֮Ůӻһɫ뵽ħС
ɫ⡭ĪǾôѵħڲôЩ㡭
һѲЩӰ걻ռ籩󣬱ħɵƬ
оޱȵ𺳣
ںѣղŷоĿȻǸԼΣȴ޷Σеһжޱȱ棬صķ籩ȻԺԼһֶû֪꣬ôôӴ𺳵Σ
ôѵЩģΪħʯͷʵǿԼܵǿߣ
޷󵽵ĸһӵôƾϢǿߣڿռɢŵɫĹ㣬֮ԥԥ֣ĴһžԼСͬʱâΪһŹ㡣
֮һɲǣǹٿһûָ⣬κηӦ˲о·һشصĻԼͷ­ϣƺһֱˤڵء

ıסԴо·ʲôƴԼӣ˺ѷεʹ޲ԼͷǹǣǶȡ
޷ܣоԼ·Ҫˣ
ɣ
ˣѾƬܵҪԼľ֮

ʶһ㣬жݵľţܿƬֻʣô΢Сһ㣬ȥԼôôһСʶ
Ȼһ˫ȭսָǶѪ֮Уסģҵ֮ģ
־׷£ȥ
֪ǵĲֻҧأӲַӵľӿԺ˵ʹʼҧأסԺһסᶨƵ֮ģ
ַ˵ĥ֪˶ã䵭ڴ˯ۣѾ亹ʪ͸ʪıָ׿۵Ѫ죡
龰԰ٷְٿ϶֮ǰΣûĸجЧ
һ룬Ժ£һ˵ɣһǾӡһǼ䣬ӡĨȥֻ꣬бܣԼֻаСһƬҹâΪȻ㽫Լˣʵ̫£ǵһϴƬҲѾ˰׳գ
ħʵ̫Σˣ
ţͻȻɫһ䣬סԼԺС
˺ܶණ
󡭡ġԿֹ̡ŹֵķţصַֹӶɢǿϢͼס
ʲô
ѵгصļ䣿
뷨һʶݼ䣬Ҳһ޷ĲƸ
ӵļ䣬ȻѾԺȴԼļãҪһںϡ
󷨡֮ԹȥܣЩЩȱЩңƺԴһԿ̵ְҵ
ʱоְҵҪĶһֱȥסֱĳһһ巨
й
丮ΪԶԶ丮ǱΪУ


4 й
丮ֻаʮ꣬丮괫ʷƷ丮ڶĴйѡ
丮Ĵйϣã丮ĴйֻҪƷ츳ͻڲ£
û幦ֻһšÿ׮ȭÿ޹ǵǣ֮·
⼸ƾЩԼİ취ƾڷܣһһصż
Уʵ̫Ҫˣ
ޱȵļ缢ƿʵںⱾй֪ʶܿ죬⡶ٴδϲ
򶥼幦˵ǶǱϾֻ幦Ҳףԭҵν򵽵ʲôط
һ߲ε磬ǸѾ꣬塢ʹãܺ󷨶Ѿչ£ߵ磬ͨ챾ֽ׶εģ
һⱾļֵ޿ɹħд洢˸ƬȵԼʵ㹻ʱӦÿںϸ࣡
뵽мޱȡ
ںⱾ;ȱʧϾԼںϵƬֻһС飬ȱʧ˹ĻʹϧˣһֱĶںȥʼ⡢࣬һֱ׽͹ǡȫС
Ѿ㹻ԾˣΪܴ½һ幦ֻһ׶Σר׽ġ׽澭רŶ͹ǵġ͹ǽרġ񹦡ȵȣֻһܴ֮ȵ鷢ˡ
ڵܴ½־׶ν̤Ԫ׶ΣԪ׶ηΪ쾳쾳磬һܶ˿ڶ͹Ǿһ޷һ
ļޣǳʶڡУ֮Ȼһ硪裡
ڴ֮ϣȻаŶݼף԰ԷλӦ󣬿ڰţǣɳļޣ߾磡
軹ǰŶݼ׶Ӱ߿졢죬൱ڱȱӲ˼磬еĺôԶ
Ѿ𾪵˵Ȿ
ѾȲˣ֮ǰȼһǰڴħȻһȴסˣħʧˣ
һ亹һȴؿڴеһ˿ƿ·һȴؿڴƤһķţǷħϵһġ
ħԼˣʱʥŮٻħƺҲǴĵٻֻ֣Լƺȫٻħķˡ
һ£ȻУЩʧħǧǧƬԼֻѡһСıõĶܽںϵǼֱһ޷ıء
뵽ͻȻԳЦЦԼģһС궼̵ԼʶĸǿƬֱɱԼء
ħܣЩƬҪԼΪߵʱоˣڻûʧ羡
ǣʼⱾƾʷ򴫳й
ıʾǽ᲻ɴݣˡ
ˣɣǵһ봫ͳкܴͬ
ͨǧСɣһȭľ׮УҪҪϰƿضȣɿƽ׮ϸ˿
ЩѣʣҪһǿĶ࣡

󡪡
ڴɽɽţ¸ĻĿվڲݵ֮ϣһƵɶţվ˲֪ãһµĵһ㣬һ
мصһֶصԪתԪ׷һأԸõԪ壬ǣ֮ͳ̶ȶߣԶͬˣ
ҹĴ£ϸݲҶ粨һĺƺҲɶ·ΧĻȫΪһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
¹ңһκ¶ͷҶᣬҶһ¶Ϣĵ
ԭһȻ˫ۣ¶龫׼ָ⣬ָ䵽ģȻȭ¶ץģһȴȻһȭ
磡
һ죬ǰϱϸľľм׷ɣƾճһСߵȭѣ
һȭ֣һ¶龹Ȼšžડһ죬¶ڲҶϣɢѿ
һĻϸֳһ˿Цݡ
Ҫƿ¯ľ磬Լһȭӳ¶û飬Ȼ롶ҪԶҲеɼˡ
ҸղһȭڼӲľϿСǳȭѣҪǰаͲˣȫǡԪĹ͡
ʱ޿̲ϰԪżĵһСɻԶ
ʵϣô˳մλǰܵĹ⣬λǰеྭкôתѾλǰ꣬ҪֻԼȥǡ
ΪҩĵٶҲ죬ѪѾõƬҪ¾Ҫˡ
Ȼˣҩĵ⻹ûеõ
ȥʵԽԽǿڴһѾѴ֮ǶħޣҲͷȻɡ

һ峿Сҵ֮жλĴֻǸСԼڴûԭ
һһȵ׻᣿΢΢һ׻СҪȥĵطˡ
ǰ֣Ź嶼ᵽ۵Ķûϡֻиϡ
ʼ磬˵ֶôϾʣʮˡ
𿴿ô͵ʶˣ˵ˣҪ丮ˣܵһֵıɣƷıеƫϵľһǻġ
СѾ˵ϣҲɨˣȥʶʶҲá
˽ǰУСһ·˵ֹͣڽ׻İԼ䣬׻ڵؾ丮Ͻǳǽһֱ;һСʱͻȻŲһ٣һִСļϡ
ô磿Сԡ
˶ǡ˵һ䣬ԼڴһֱõýذףЩԪ֪˺ܶ౶
һʱͲµ˭ǰϵʱ򣬴һļһڣһˣһ̵ĵ׼
עŶݼԴҹͳĻС


5 Ķ
ͣʱһԼС𣺡ǺǣûԺܸ߰ǰɣһµ˫ֽ汧ǰϴϷʵЦݣһƽ滺Ƴ󣬻ʮ߰꣬ЩһأֻһأҲء
ƣСʱˣϳ꣬Ǽǰ丮ֳһֵǼһɵҲһҲġ
һˣأĸһأֻһأҪǴǱŰǽ϶˳ǵĴӵܣȨƣŪ̫ܣŪоϡƽ
ҪʲôСһ˿ŭ⡣
Ҫָָĺܰҵ˴Ѫ߹߶
Щӵ˵˵ʵںǷǳҪģ䵱һѱһ˵ԼѾţȴȻƨʱ곹׷ŭˡ
ͣ˵Ҫ߲ڽŵǰɣҽ쵹ҪôҲڽŵµģɫ˵
֪ߵ֣Ҳδ˵ҪڽŵµĻΪߵķŭģҲýͣһ̿϶Ҫġ
ȻϾֻ˼ѣͬʱԸôˣصǿʮǿο߻СһЮסǾ鷳ˡ
һ˵ƴӮˣպҲ鷳ϣ鷳ԼߴĲˣǿ϶ǣߵĸף˳ǵľɲָּԼһСսڵ˵ǲ
鷳
룬ͻȻһ뵽һµİ취˵ôô
ô΢΢һЦ˵Ȼô
ļҲŴЦУһ׳գˣǵôǼƷ
Ц˺һֹסЦ˵治֪˵ǴػǴأȻôˣүҲһᣬ˵ү棬ɣڵϰҵЬɾȻԼһֽһŽ¾ôˡ
Сô˵ʱл𣬡ݣ磬ǷʲôƴˣɣּҲӣǸô
С֪ǳԶˣֻܰѼϣܼɵһ¡ЩƤ֮಻ҪǱŪˣǶ˵ǺصģϡҩݣҲһܻظ״̬
ɣּңߣΪһɵּң㵽Լ֣Ҷ֣
԰Сү㰡Сǰһһֻסʵŵúܣȴ˵ѼӲ͵ģµҪ˵Ӳܶˣ
סС˵ղ˵ľҪ󣿺ãֻҪӮңҿ㴦á
磬㡭СˣȻպгɾֽͣ׶ֻһصҲ򲻹صߣ֮ҪֽŽ
İɣзִ硣
Ҳû뵽˹ٸһ㲻ߵΪܲˣ֮ìķʽֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ԼӮĴۣôȹ֮ìܲ׷Ͼ˵ʮҪġ
ʵ߳һȻΪԼ䣬ֻǾԼʵλʧݡ
û벻䣬ֻи벻ҡ
˵ҲңҽЦЦܺãȻ㲻֪ҳȫ㣡
ãȥ㳡
С̫ƫƧûΧۣ߳˵棬ƤٺҲû취ˣԺ˳ǻˡ
߱Ǻܺÿģ㳡ϴȱֵˣܿ죬;ۼ˼ʮˣлߣˣΧ۵۷׷ס
ⲻĶô
ǰһҪ۸ˣ֪ļҵĺôù
һضأⲻ䶨ô
СӿֻƽͷհһزˣϧҪŪˡ

˳̫ã˱ͬߵ̬ͶȥĿ⡣
ԽԽ࣬ЩˬˣϾ۸һزʲôʵ¶ټ϶ԷݸزԵȣ뱻˿ʧݣ
ͷ˵㻹Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬸ϽԷֽŽһ֪֮Ĳࡣ
˾ۼĲˣ˵ȻҪȣ㴦ãôӮأ
ӮĻӮ


6 ֶԵ
߾ǰһӱ¿ˣԽսӮֵĲûУЩţټ϶ʦ̵пܣһСӣŪͼˣ츳ҲӮԼǲû˯ڻأ
ϷЦݵʵô
ӮˣҪðѪΣƽ𣡡
ѪΣƽΧ˶զ࣬СҲʡ͵ĵƣѪξҪƽ𣬼ǰ˰ɲǱСĿҪòС
˰ƽ𣿡һҲ䣿ֵֽ˰ƽ𣿡
˹ƽȫԵȣ߾ʧִ˵ˣҲգ⳥һٵƽѡ
˵ߵֽŶ˵޼۵ģǲԸ⣬ҿԲҪӣҲԷֽŽ
ݣŭһİγĳ
ɫĵ㻹ûشأ
ߣǰ˰ƽôһǧΣôͷ㣬֮ڸɲ㣬Ժֵ
ҲǱˣһϲǮ͵ٵģãǾһǧ
䣬Ѿ׼һն
һŵĽ⣬ƿʮ֮Զ
似
Ԫɱ˵˵ս似˵֮ڸɵĺݻɲһʱԼ̣Ǿ似սֻд丮ӵܲлѧϰͨѧû·
һó似似˺ѵֵߺһ磬Ǻȫаһʤ֣˵֮ڣֻǸԼ·ģʲô⡣
߲µûΪֹȷʵûѧκ似ֻͨʽӦߵĽ
Χ˿һжʤѷ֣Сһһô£
ȫעĶնĽԴеġԪ֮ĸ֪ʱУ߾һͷޣЩ죬֫ȻЩ޶ѾˣҪ֫⣬ȻҪҵǽķ϶׼ݣ
߳һɲǣˣûо͹Ŀǣȫƾֱһʽеļ϶бϡ
һԱʵĲʵһȻֵĽȴʼδһߵĽ棬еĵȴһ˼ĽǶȴߵ£
磡߱һУƺһֱӵɳȥӿзŵڵأ
ô£Χ۵ûһİأסˡ
ʱߣϵ·ؿڵ±һһ߳ĿӣȴûмѪ·棬ʲôŵ⡣
ף
пϧ·洩ףҪףղһʧȥս
㣡־ŭ۾Ѫͨ죬ȻеˣһΪԼĴˣĿ֮£Ǹ߰޷ܵ顣
Ҫ
ղһѾ䣬Ѿŭµ䣬ٶȻ𳤽׼һն
似ٶȷ
ͬһḻˣ©Ĳ׽޵ÿһ㣡
磡ղһĻٶݣһΣߵµҲҲһӣǣ۳˿磬ϡ
Χ۵Ŀɿڴս޷ţôֽԵһ糤һǿߵĳ޹ذ׳Ķ࣬ұֻ似ΪҲߣĴȴαͬһдУһôûκγʵĵط
СӣٶȻǳٶȶ߿죡һۿսͻȻ˵һرؿ죬ʵڲͬѰ
ٶȷʵ߿죬ҿ˲٣ǡЧ׹֮ǰѾΪ׼Ҳʮ񣬵ٶȺظȥȻܴصߡ
ڣˡһжͬˣ
Ҫˣһ˺£¶ɫףԼȻһһصСӣղѩܵĻԺû˳ǻˡ
㣡ƴĴ߶ԪĽ淢ʤĹâֱȡͷ­һնеĻֱ
Ȼһ̣ȴһǴһ飬ӵذףֶԵУ
Χ˶ǲԣһһעȫСôڹؼʱӵĹܱȭͷǿɣΣʱ̻ܵһ¶ԷĽ


7 
ûǿĹʽذףȭͷ
ǿѾһȭľһȭӡľļͳ̶Ȳڸ֮£ǻʯͷɴ飡
ĿתĶߣߵؿڣȭ

ֻһ죬Ѫɳȥ׵ıѾﵽڶ⣬ƤļΪͣҲסĳȭ
ۿͬһˤڵϣΧ۵˳Ծ˵Ҫлǽȴȫ෴߱лˣ
жԾÿһжʤףѰܼһضصľ࣡
ϣô£ڶԾеһʱ򣬹㳡ϱһߣʱﵽض͹Ǿֻһ֮ңȻû͹ǾߣͨȫͬҲֵסµʴѾʮȫûսˣеġ
˼һ£˵
߳˵һƷ츳Ʒ츳˵ʵԪٶȺ׳̶ȣԪٶԽ죬츳ƷԽߡ
屾ȴƷ츳棬Ϊϰ֮ǰ࣬ߵͬ
Ҳһʮʮ
ٶҲ죬սȻơ
ĿΪϡ٣ҲдɾͣϾԽԪԽҪ𵽵ЧӦҲԽС
ԭˡ߷׷׵ͷ͵ʮֺ
ذףһߵǰʱǱǳ·г˲Ѫߴʱ޲һͷײ˶ˣҪΪ˳ȦӵЦ
ղԼ˵ģһǧƽ𣬸Ǯɡ
ݣ
仰߲һѪ
Լû³Ա˳ŵģ˰˵һǧȻӵܣóһǧƽԲǸСĿ
ңһ죬ô˵棬߸޷ΪԺ뱨Уᱻ˳Цǰº֡
ǮǮ߶һȺ˻𣡽죬ˣⲻ꣬ҪʬΣ
һȺ˶ʵסˣһҲ׼Ӯֻһصļһ
СǮ˵һǧƽһСĿȻǮҲôǮϣֻܶƴա
СѪ֮󣬾һֱڴ״ֱ̬ſŵķӦҿⲻİɣȻӮˣ
һ׬һǧƽһǧƽ𰡣СȫƲҲٶƽһѪξȥ˴룡
һŴССĽƱԼϣСϵıɾ㵱˿ϲпϲ˼Ц
۾ͲôһЦҲˡ
˷ˣǿ˵ʲôأʮָлλĿ֪ѣԶǮǻлл
رǸֵܣ˰òҪһǧҴл㡣
СķǸ˵ߺһֱ³һѪ˵ڸɲ־͵
Ҳү
ߺ޵ҧгݣˣɫҲѿ˼㣬ƫƫСһǶ˲͵ģ˽Ʊ֮ܿŵ˿ˮһŵĵ
ʮʮʮһ١һ塢һߡ
һƱС飬üЦ˵˰ʮһʮ˵λǮôôǮղ
СĻ߲Ѫˣɫһ˦šһ죬˹㳡ĵשϣ潣һ궼ƽߣ
ѰˣȫҵĽˣߴûôҹ
Сһ潣ʱüЦԽео⽣ȷʵǷƷԼһѺõò֪ȥˡ
⽣ϲȥ
СôУûС
ȭͷˣʱҪԺһŪѳֵ潣Ȼǽ̫ᣬʺҡ
С͵һȭȷʵˣ⽣вʹ
Уѽˡ˵Ҳ̫ˣǰҶ֪ԴϰԺСûʽ֣û뵽Ѿǿ̶ֳˣΪŬĽ
ʵֻǳأҸǳȣΪҩȥģ似ҲûʲôģӮûʲô˲ҵĵһĿס
ײͬߣʵǿ󣬸ʵƷ츳СұҲڷܣڵԶǶ֡
ֽӹƱзֳһҲûֱӵݸС˵Щȥá
ǸʲôǮãˣӸҲòţ̶ȣһʮӶˡ
Ĭһûм֣Ʊ˻С֮ȷʵûҪô
У߰ɣȥ׻ᡣ
ԣ˵һˣ׻ᣡбˣǵǮһǧˣһǧģӳôûôǮأҪȥһ


8 
ЦЦ˵ԣһСЩСЩ
ţ˵Ǹߣ
ţᱨģĲᣬģǽˡ˵΢΢ͳǾʹգô¾ˣǰ¶ɱֵĻô֮֮һ򲻵ȥߣϾߵĸ˳ǻһǾˡ

˳ǵĽ׻˳ǳǽ˹Ľ׳ÿһηᣬʱ˹ڹи߽ߵˣѰԼҪĶ
׻ſڣȺĿƷզ࣬Ǹ˺ǿߵ磬㾾һˣ߶ϡ档
УʱȺгһɧͷȥȴһɫĺ˽׻ǰ㳡ƥȫѩѩǧãһƥļ۸ǽƽ𣬱˵һĸҹӸ磬ǴĵϵӵҲδһƥ
ʲô˰ӵǻɣа롣
ʱС˵㿴ϵĽǹʿܱ־Ԫ˧
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ʵ
ǻ˭˹ֻһԪ˧
˹ľӱУѾܴˣͳ죬ͳ֮Ǿ֮ǽ֮ϲԪ˧˹ʮһֱֻһ˿ɳԪ˧
˹ƽ˵Ҳ֪ʵ۽ʲôû˲֪Ԫ˧ʲô
Ԫ˧ʮǰ˹ⶫ֣Ϳ̿ʱ屻ϷѣֻڱؼҾŽ湦ոʧأȱƽˮ֮Уʱ䣬ؼҾܣضͬ걻ΪԪ˧֯ӵһԪϽ丮
Ȼ丮Ϊԭ޷Ʒ丮ȣ丮ȴ˹ĻʼҾУ丮ҵӾһиȥ
丮У䱾˵ΪǴﵽ˺ڣ쾳֮󣬶ͨ˵Ǿʵ̫ңԶˡ
ʱͣһѵˣǿǴ˵еˡ
ÿǣ߳ȴһλŮ
ŮǾ㵣С۶ֱˣΪǣˡ
ŮһɫȹһͷںڵĳһֱƤһ㾧Ө͸òһˣˮĵ۾̵ͦǣε°ͣ޳񾱣һ˿һ覴á䱾˸һǻʥһʣ˿вɱĸ֡ˡ
ŮڻѾߵͬ£˽׻᳡֮·̺ҲɫʣжһȻʢŮּ䣬ޡ
Ůľۼ˻᳡еĿ⣬ֱƽĺڵòʮһֱϼ壬ÿһΪȫĽ㡣
ֱŮʧСջĿ⡣
˭ʶ
СʶʶңŮǡСһ˵һֻ̾ŶһŮʵѾŲ³ˣ˿þ棬Ҳû׷ʵ˼
СһۣЦżһ䣬ŮƷ츳
ʲʲô
ĿɿڴƷ츳ȷ
ڴ֮ǰߵ츳ƷƷ츳ɣǶûһ˹ҲУǾָȴ֪ոչȥŮƷ츳޷
СϵⷴӦ˵˵磬㲻Ʒ츳òֵ˾ô
Ҿ츳˾ޣƷ츳δţ˵ʲô磿
Сʼ磬ҾͲˣ϶ˣ츳ôߣڴ壬ضûʲôþȵģ磬ôЩ°Ůһ㲻ô
һľͷŮӺϣȷʵֻµףŮ鳤Ҫ㹻֮ȥ׷Ѱûʲô塣ʵôϲ
ûֻͶѣŮ̫ңԶˣҿûǸ룬˳ǲ֪ųΪǸ˶أûһϵģŮҪţ֮ģ丮ĺĵˣЩ䲻𣬶ң˼ʵǸʦ
ʦһЩְҵ˽⣬ְҵһ˵ǳϡ٣Ҫ󼫸ߣҲǳǮ仨Ǯëëˡ
ţʦܹװ󷨡ģֽǿװҪǿ츳ԻΪʦ׬ǮԷˮһ򵥣
ϧһûӴˣ츳ҲûϣɣҪŪһѲϣ̫ǮˣȻϼ˵Ǯëë꣬˵Ѿﵽ˺ܸߵ裬ͬ˸ĪһҲܶʰ·ġ
Сܹʽ˽ıϸܶ࣬ڿӣͻȻƺͷʲô
硭㲻ܴ̼˰ɣ֮ŮȲҲ
û¡ڰ֡
ԭˣǸϸСƬЩġԿ̣иַźصַֹӶɢǿϢͼףǹʦģ
ԼʱԵĶȻôļֵ


9 
ʵʱԵЩʦļ䲢ǣֻϰ̫缢ƿˣںϼҲһĹ൱ڶʱڶº飬ԾĺأûоͬʱȥоЩʲôģıˣҪоЩʦļ䣬ΪȱǮ
ҩûֻиãõĶǱ˵ҩЩҩֱΪЭͻƿһҩĺʣ۸ס
֮⣬似ףҪǮһǧҪ֧Լڸ
Ҫ׬ǮΪʦһϢңʼںԺƬʣµļ䡣
һμռĴͷҼΪɬѶһںϾʱСһڹ佻׻ᣬһ߹һ߸̣Ȼ׻ⲻǳԱ˳ŵô
һֱʱ֣۾Ȼͷѣȴǿϲ֮ɫ
侫̶Զǵ͵λܹģ
ȻܹװһҩЧϰ£ģٶȣ
еǣһл۵Ľ͵λвǧ꣬ˣвϻŸԭʧˡ
ܴ½ֻװҼֻװһϣĲҲࡣ
ֳվʱоһѣΣϢӲӿԺζʵڲܣղʱֻǽںһ룬¸ôѾˡ
ȾϣӻʼϰѧҩЧԼĵķѡ
Ҫ֪һЩҩݿɲǮ򵽵ģһҩҩʲô
ģٶȾ͸˵ˣǵӲԼ츳Ʒ
뵽ҪϣеļʱЦյֵİ˰ٶƽ𣬻ûȾҪȥˣ
ݵ֭Һ޵ѪҺβĲɣϺϺ롭ʼĲɹϣеĲܹҵĺٺ٣ܶҲרвϣľܴ½У˹ҲδС
ôҲճ˼ֵͼķֽĻƲϣȥеˣ̫ǮˣЩϱûƳɹţȥûкʽˡ
ڼ㣬ʱСˣǰѻɽĲӶҪˣǣҪ
һʱ֪˵ʲôãֻʵѧ
ѧѧʲôС۾εɵĸƵģԼĶ䡣
ѧӲͷƤظһ顣
Ҳ磬ҵ׸磬㲻Դ糿˰ɣһǧҪѧһû˽̣
ؼġָָϵһšε˵ⱾҪΪ˽ܴ½ĸſиԱȺʹ¸
СⱾɽկġšѪѾ֪˵ʲôˣǰʦжôţƣ⵹ãǷˡ
ЩϣСоѪȻ֪ܲǿЩʵ⡭Щϵ׻˶Ǯ
εĵʮƽ𡭡
С˿ʮƽܽܣû꣬һ仰ֱС㱳ȥ
˵ǣҾʣʮˡ
Сǰһڣֱˡ


λүϺõķֽ׺ʦƷڱϣϣ
ڽ׻ڽһ߶һҵӵܽܵһĻƳͨᱻصֽϣԴ˷ʹʱֻҪֽȻӡڱϣǳ㡣
⽻׻ڽɲģҪƽ볡ѣͨ˵ɲһСĿҩˡ
ҲΪ˼ŻǮʱϵļҵֻʣʮƽˣڽ·СģһСײʲôƿƿ޹޵ģԼ˶䲻
֪ж׬ǮƷֻڽֻܻܿǮˡ
׺ʦƷӵܽŲһ٣Ȼ׺ʦסˣô
ȻУʦῪ֤İүǽ۵Ķ棬һʮ
ţٽӣ
һǧйԴۡ
š롭ӵܳ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʵ˵һǧҲһСĿ
۸׼ǳһһǧӣֱǮ
ҪԼѧǻ׬ˣ
뵽ּѾȲҪѧϰˡ


10 ŮƼʥ
ȻںƬļ䣬ʦɲǹ֪ʶܳɹģϰ뾫Э̶ȣҪļԼ
ϵǮ˷ѣտʼϰʱûòϣֻԪ۳һģеַʽϵԼҵеĸо
һּľĹȻһǳǧ飬һһĻУЭ
ʵĹ࣬Ϣһ£ʱжһ¡šеļ䣬ⱾʮɣȻ鲻֪ʶȴܴ½˸˽⡣
һʱ䣬ϡšûᵽ˿Ĳϡ
˿һֶ˵ΪҪĲϣǽ׻ȴûп˲ϣ˹ȷʵ˿һҡ
֪λܼе˿᲻˿
Ϊλ治ͬܶʱƺϵָܴ½ȫͬʶϲǿ֣ǲϵӣζЩܼͬûˡ˿ֻй˿ļ䣬ȴûܴ½˿Բܿ϶ǲͬһ֡
ϸ룬ƺһطǺܿҵⶫǾ丮ٸ
һ˵ߴýģʱҲõǹȵȣʱ򣬻üΪ١
丮ȡȻΪȣȵԴȿɵˣ˵ͬһŮӾٵġ
ǣٱҲΪȵһִУڣ丮Ҳٸ
ٽ̫࣬Ҫ츳ߣҪͨɣ丮ٸһֱͷǳ壬ǰѧٵģٷ֮ʮŮӣдֻϲ٣ұ٣ԴɱɱȤ
еĿĵٸĹڿιݡ
丮˹ÿѡ˲ŽȣӦ˹Ҫ丮Ҳʶȵ丮ѧ빫ڿιڿΡ
ҪڿιҪ֤˶ڿιݿ϶Ҫµˮйͨ
丮涨ֻߣ壬丮丮ѧԽ룬ûȨޣȻݵڿݶǴ·ĺֻĵӡ
֤СģټһּңȻ丮䣬СĹϵһ֤ѡ
ֻСһʹ󺰣磬׸磬Ѱɣ
СȷʵڷܣҲϴﵽܸߵľ磬ɲǽڷܺ;ľѧģ
˰һѲһšͿʼѧ㿪ϲأҪܳɣʦСһˡ
ʣСѧϰǰΣǮһʱ䣡
ôȰУСҲΣֻ֤ܰڿǣǲʱȥҽݣǲӱˣ⡣
丮ٸڿιݣһ㣬һĿǳ
Ȼ֪丮ٸڿιݵͬŮ
ٸѧЩһɫŮΪ˼ѧٵŮǳңСѬգòʾѣٹүͶ˼Ҫһ
ǡǡЩүƾݿ쵽֤Ǳ㾭ܵٸڿιɣЩרŶٸŮѧظȿڿνԼŮԷԼŮ֣ŪٸŮǷʤ䵯ٱһҪö֮ٸʼԽ룬һЩü۾ĲֱӺȥ顣
ٸڿιݵʱڿλδʼмŮڽգһŮ鶯ݵʳ
߽һ£õҲ˿Ҳ֮У˿ϡУߣ˿Ϊ̫ͣΪ֣ٸЩСŮҲòˡ
߽ʱ򣬵ٵŮΪרעûзٵŮȻע⵽ˣüû˵
ʱܻһЩĻӬһΧתЩʶһȴƨƨߵ˵Ҫұ٣ȴרŮظϳ򣬿ЩŮ͸еġ
ŮƤҲƽʲôɫǾͻ䱾ֶţֱٸĴʦ֯һãһڿε죬ٸ椵ɫȫ˳ȥ
ƤȥƨƨߵĻˣһҧԼѧٵģ¿κԼüҲΪһۡͷ
ʦҲǸݽɫڶֱſһӣдģ빷ڡ
ֵ÷зվ丮߲㣬У²ŵõУûв˽ٸȥǲѧٵȴҪٸŮжһΪĻģֱӵ֤
ģٸڿιѾ˵Ӱˡ
Ȼ֪Щʣһûҵ˿Ĺ٣ߵڿιһߵĲҪûϡ
뿪ʱ򣬼Ůո꣬ԶԶĿǰӰ۵һ￴Ͳѧٵġ
ţҿҲ룬ü۵ģղŻСٻֿء
ڰɣͲʮѡ
ߣϼеʮ궼ˣ͵ģѾĸˡ˵Ůֻʮ߰꣬˳ǣһʮ飬ǰһ꣬ʮ鲻ϡ档
ˣǹܣһʦҲҪΣҪв˼ʦͻȥġ
ȻûЩŮǵۣҪˣνĿСٻ֣ҲǿҵĲʶѡ
һֱϣٸĽݺܴҵһ౻ܴһΪи֪ʶס
ʲôĶȤȥҵҪϡٰ񡷡
ٰ˸Ϲź٣ٵʹߡߡϵȵȣϸܣȻٲ˿ҵĸ߼ϣһϲʼĶ
ٰн˿ʺͲɼΨһźľû˿ͼƬǴ¿ȷ˿Ҫҵ˿
棬Ȼûע⵽ٸڿιеŮѧѾԽԽ࣬Ȼע⵽վڽһȺŮвһеģʵ̫ۡ
ûжһ˼ϣȻܿװģϾ˼װܻܲ˭С͵Ͱ˼ץǡ
ڿλ˳ĽȥȻźǣٸĴʦƺ˱мƫ
λʦĴڹүȦ׹һ빷ڵúܶүڻľһӼ޲ȥ
ʵϣʦ˳òģ˫ʮ껪쵰ķ˫޳ǲ֪ΪΣλʦƺ˲ȤƢΪ𱬣λɫǶĸ˫忴һ֮䣬
ʦڿҺ󣬼һʱͷʱüһ壬ϵĹ٣ֱߵĸǰָǰϡNNN£ôģ


11 ʦ
ģͬһ仰ͬ˵ЧǴĲͬλʦ㣬üһһ棬ټӵ۾ǿǰǿһԸľګСֻǼŵΨΨŵŵ˵ˡ
ҲǱʵһͷˮͲ;ģе飬ʵﲻýô
ʦôһʣʱˣװѾװͲ֤Ļ᲻֪ٸĲĹ涨ʱһŮ㣬ôˣ
ѭȥһʱסˣŮһȹһͷ˳˿ϵһƮɵ֮ŮǱˣԪ˧Ů
ڽ׻ϣһ֮ԵŮ˹һƷ츳˵òʵԲλࡣ
ȻΪԼעΪܴ½ķʱ˿̣˵ȻǸ߲ʣ˵ǰҲǰө
㵵û뵽ڴʱ˿̼ݾڴʦɾͲôˣʮɫǱɫ
⣡ʦﲻˬĸ̣ʵСŮ˼ܸӣʦȻˣǿһ￴Լʱ޷Ӧ֮һ࣬ǿҵķȴʮֲˬ
˵һ椣أι֤أ
һ仰Ƕ˵ģ⻰ɶͷԣ椣ʲôʱˣ
˵ֻϣ벻Ҫſڿӣ½ۡ
ϣ㿴ٰ񡷣Ҫѧأ
Զԣֻڵֻ˽һ¡
ǣǰЩûûƤô˵ʲô˽һ֣ұһ٣ǣм֪˶ģȤã㣬֪ٷֶ֣ÿʲôʲôʵʺϸʲôʵʺϵ˵ҾȤѧ١
סٺͨϣҲһϲͨ˵ٵ֪ʶץϹˡ
ߣѣұװװӣʵĿȴ椣Ҽöˣ֤أʦֱֵǰ
ˣ֤ǽģȻ丮ܵòϣ֤ϾϹ涨
ʱ˵㣬˰ɣֻǳѣˡ
ҲΪѣȻʵҲȷѡ
ĻʦȻӣ˵̫ˣһͲܹϢˣû֤ˡ
û֤סˣ˵ƺҲѧ֤Уģʲôʸûգ
ߣײǹˣһʸû֤УҵȨٸһĶֵϣ˵ʲôʲôˣϽҪÿ
ҲЩˣûôģһҧԼ椵ģƫƫԼҲ⣬ȫһ飬Ͳ塣
֤ǽģȻܱûգСû
ûа취ֻ˵ԼʵĿģʵҲûʲôʦ²ǳе¶һʧܸհˡ
оڿ˿Ĳϡ
о˿Ĳϣ
⻰Ҫһʮʦ˵ʦһҲþȣڣǰ꣬ʮӣ²ϣ˵λأ
ֻʦԭеĲϲԼҪ󣬲ŻȥѰ²ΪƷһʮСһġšѧͲˣ²ϣ㿿׵Ļѻв
ǴʦЦһ˵ƭȥɣҲ治ɣλ˹ܱɫţŪЦˣ㣬ڿʼо²ô
ЩֵĿһۣ£ȻΪ˵ģ˵ӾļصĳѾһǧ֣߼ĲΪ׵ıԣͳһǧֳѾ㹻һʦʮеҩṹ޶ۣûгϵ÷ѰƷˡ
ʦЦǺǺǺǣ˵Сɫǣ㻹ʲôҪ࣬ɣʹ࣬㡣
ŵЦŮô񾭲һǲǱˣ̬
˵ȷʵΪоģҲͻ룬ֲ˵Ҫɹûй涨˵սӴѧͽо²ϰɡ
ǣҿǲײĲᣡãǽˣķڷҲ
ЩΣʦȷʵǶЩƫִˣһѣģصżҲԺգôвͻӴαؽ˼ҽҵأ
˵㣬Ҫ˰ɡ
ʦ̫ˣ㲻֪ǸЩɫôģҪǾ͵űˣ
û취ֻԵ˼򵥵⣬ֻҪһˡ
λͬѧ֪˹ɵǰ˭ô
һʶ⣬ɾ⣬ʱҲ֪˹˭ģλļ䰡ԼġšҲǽ֪ʶģȫû漰˹ʷ
ǣʦЦãʵ鷢չһѾ֤ǰ굽ǲɫˣλȱ̬ĴʦĥСɫΪ֡
ⶼ֪Ҷ֪㻹ʲô˵
εҶʷĲ̫˽⣬ҩṹԶһЩ
ҩṹ൱ӵ֪ʶûѧϣοǰ꣬ҲЩˣԼдȣʵϱãʲô˼ء
ɴһ򵥵⣬ⳡҲʣϾѧٵģһ͸ϿˣȻǽϲ١
ôλͬѧ֪Ƶʺͽṹصô


12 
õֲϣЩϵеһֺͼʦԪԻƳɸ廨ŵġ
ǧֻ·ǧŰֻͨЩ·ϻһϵб֣γǧ򻯵
ֻǧֻ·һ֡
Ȼ֪ƣʵϣ֪Ļ·ǧ֣ǧ֣ܴ½ʦ֪·
ȷܴ½ġƻ᲻̫֣࣬Ԫ۵ָ⣬ڿлһѤĹ켣·Ԫ֧ڿƬ̣Ƭ̵һӵͼʹʦǰ
̣ʱÿ춼Ϊ𽥽ļԼЭνһǳɣӦ֡
ʵ˵ġɣ
ֱӴסˣʦı飬Ȼ˲ȷˣһĶʮа˾žġˣûиСëȻҲ
ȷʵԾ·ǧ֣ѧߺȫסȻǡ֪ԼʵġƵҲ֣Ծڶ̶̵һ˲־Ͱѡƻˣذնǡôһûһ๦ɵġ
ѹеĳԾ˵
ɱһڱʹõʹñʱڱйעֱ̺ڱɱУô޵ģǼˡƣ߹עʱ𶯣Ӵ͸Ӷﵽӱ̶ȵЧ
ɵĽˡƵԭϵˣܹˣƵԭŪ壬ǲ֡
Ҳ˺ʤ֮ģʵôλͬѧɻ֪졯Ļԭô׿Լ򵥵Ļ·ѯΪӵĻȻЩȻҲѲʵϣ˽ĻԶܴ½ĸӵĶࡣ
ɴݵĻˡ족ȻһЩָû˿ͣ٣ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һӵڰУڡ
ӣסˣȻ·һ̺ر任Ҳ࣬ȻɻѾԼ
ţ꾹ȻǸţ
˭ѧĴԲǴҵģĪһЩɽǰ̳ܽĵӣ
ϳţԽԽǳԾûвģǧֻ·ǧŰֻǧ֣о٣ƺÿһޱϤ
ĳԾʦѾɵˣϡͿ˵һЩ˵ȫĻͿϵľ㵡̾
ʦ˽ƽʱ˭ɫʵƷǿʵѾעĸ߰ڴ֮ǰδκһͬ˸ߵۡ
ʦɴľˣֻһ£Сӵ֤ûղˡ
Ѿľиһžߵ壬㾾һӾȻţ
ʦҪץˡ
ģӸտʼĽǣ𽥱̵Ŀǣ֣ĶԻУṹļҲ۽磬ʱǳĸо
϶ǰѵһţʦһʦԼʦ֮ҲҪȻʧɫ
굽
ȤҲ˵Լһ㣬ʦϼŲͬ壡
뵽λͬѧڿξҪʼˣˣ㽻̸ĺ죬ǿԵĻڿν֮ȥһٱ㷹һ̽һԭô
תΪϿңĶգʵԾܾ
ʵҲܾƯãѵõ˲ûʲôӣŮʵ˲С
ʱʵ̫ˣ丮Ŀֻʱ䣬ҪЩʱ׬ǮȻҩڵҩģѸԼΪ˳丮
丮Ҳû꣬и׻ҪûƥеʵôʣԼᱻȵĺܲң
һԼȤտΣȻŮ֮ͣ˵ҪģһӴ͹ȥˣ֮Ҫ´ӡǣԱϵָһ컹ԼԼһ֪̽ʶ˵˷ʱ䣡Ͼڽ̽У޷òһ֪ʶ
ЩźľܾʵڱǸҽ컹Щ飬Ҫϻȥˡ
Ŷ֪ˡϧ˵ʱûԼܻᱻܾʵϣСô󣬴ûͬԳԹԼԷȴ޼֮⣬һžܾܾ˵ʱδʲôоαܾȴһη֣ܾζЩܣίϾȻңֻǸʮŮˡ
ľܾʦֱӾӶ·ˣԺֻʣһ룬һһﾹȻܾ
ҿ
£
ô


13 Ŀʼ
ιһվס֪˭ôʦЩˣȻϵܲԣǲˣҪõĹ֮һȻί
е̫ɶˣ˵ٸһ֣һȺ˾ƨƨߵľܹˡ
һﾹȻܾôɴ࣬ûи
нп࣬Ȼ֪ݣʱȻ˵ˣܿ⣬˵㣬£ƭ㡣
˭أøƽϣʲô£˰ȥˣʦǰ棬һ㲻ӦҾͲߵļơʦļȻҲǾóңǲ˳ǰ¸ԷˮƵļ򵥡
ˣҲ̫Ե˰ɣ˵ҵ⼸¶ûʱ䡣
ʦ㻹˵ʲôʱ˵λͬѧ߰ɣҲʦء
ĳɾͣȻ벻̿ѧϰʦŽ̵Ҳ
仰⣬˵ʵȻͬ˳һЩͬʱӦŮҲɣŮʵҪұѹ
뿪ʱЦЦ˵ҽʲôʱͬѧȥԪ˧ңʱӭ
ŲһͣԼ֣
뿪֪ġд˼򵥵֣˳̫ˡ

丮Ѿȷ˹ٵ˿ԼҪҵ˿ֻҪȷˣǾͺðࡣ˿շ룬ΪĽ׻򵽣ֻСίмΪּΪһе̵Ĵ壬Ū˿ѣȻҪм۸ѡ
鼮У˿ļ۸˴µ˽⣬˿һߵļ۸ֵʮƽûйףʵΪ˿ϸᣬҪۺϳɽ㣬ǾͿˣƽδһ
ֻʮӣ˿ֻߡڽ׻ϣ˰˰һѲϣʮֻ˿˿΢΢ɼ䰺
ڴͷһһŵ˺ڵһͬʱﵽСɣ¹ҩһ̤أﵽ۷塣
۷ʵ˵ʤףٲ³Կ
Ԫϰǧٱ֮ڿʼʽϰĲϣʦʼľ鶼ղϵķʽ۵ģղһ˰ƽĲϳɹĻƳһķ
ѧϰҪԡõʦǿĲ֧֣һҪɫ
ΪĹУҪķĽṹСʱѾˣҲƷ
ƷƷѧ츳Է˵ǲˣȻҲ㲻ö⡣
׶Σõĵط࣬ǵһãе귨ʼת֮е֮
ÿ˶УȴһģҪ귨Ҫոһյܶʦòױ˸ַźͻۣѧϰ귨ʱ벻ţòˣϱ޷ʹãղϵʸûС
ת귨̸֮ܵԼϤУ׷ǰǰضʹΣϤм㾫ӡʧҲȻ굱Уʡȥ̫˵˿ҪΪŷ
һ֣ε֮ǣһѾƺõ֭Һı仯һ֭ҺĿ³ָ״ʱϸ˿ʱ۳ɾӨҺΡ
ֵӦ֣ʹָĸо̾Ҫ֪ڡš˵Ҫѧ귨ԺõҪһʱ䣬Բ˿궼δн
ÿһλĴʦԼ귨귨ȻҲӣĴʦǶԴ˱䣬ԵӶδڣΪ귨ֱӰ쵽ó̶ȣʦ˵ǳҪ
ʣǰܼеġ̫һ귨ܴ½ʦ֮ҲԶ
ټ귨ޱϤƷ츳ȫԵƷƷã
ЩµıƸָһӡһԪ뵽һ֭ҺУָ黮ָǵںԪ֭ҺѸٵγһƯصķġ
ıСָ׻Сȴ̺˸ӵ仯ͬһģΪϸ΢ǿĲȵȸֲһʦһֲͬķģиӺû֪ԼĵΣԼˡ
ʼһģľֻ֮ðΣѸٵĽӡǣںԪҺ۳ɷģȻڷļεһ˲䣬һСĲ³Ĳ㣬ֻ͵һǰΰɫҺ廯˷ɻҡ
̾ϧô㾫ҺҪһľȡƽô˲ûˣͨµ롣
Щѧѧͽȶ̶ȱȻԼʧģҪǳɹ˷漣ˡ
һգ۾ǼƽһķѸ͸ƵģʵǮ
һʧܵľ飬СģָĿٽӡһһĲϵĴָȻҲʧܵʱ򣬲ʧܴڲϵļ١
ٵĻţȻܿͷ֣ԼԪЩ֧ˣһصΪ̫СԪڳţС̫һĶⷨǲʱĻơ
ԪĲ㣬ķĻҲ޷ղǰд⣬ʧҲ֮ÿһʧҲǶԪĶ˷ѡ
ԪԽԽ٣Ļƹ̲Ųһ룬ȻȴΪ̵ĸоڵԪѸٳգһоһѣΣ֮ǰƮŵһŷӵķҲžЩԶɢˣ
һæסԪղһ˲䣬ĵ亹ˣһ߰ĶǼֵʮƽ
ͳЩӣҲüȥ


14 ʵ
һάϵŷеԪһߵáԪӿԪٶȣһĶãֱӵ󲻶ϣ
Σݲ֮ʶ޷λˡͽŬ˰죬εжԪĹǣһڰеطҲ·̻һ㱬ըڰУһѤõĹʡ
ĹʣڵѪɶǮȻϵ˵һοܻʧܣһʧʮƽѲΨһֵҵǸղûõ˿Ĳûб˷ѡ
ĲϴֻʮʹãҲ˵ʮ֮û취ɹ޷ˡ
ʮ֮ھɹҪǱʦˣֱӻ϶췽ҹ̷һѧϰ˵ʮ֮ڻƳɹһģʮλƳɹһʼ򵥵·ܣ
ϵĲʼܽղŷµĴ̳λǰܵĲּ䲻٣ӵԪʵλǰ̫Զһݼ򵥵޷֧ȥ
Ȼ˵λǰļǷǳ򵥵ģǷܴ½ȻǷޱȵľƷһƳЧĴʦΪ֮𾪡
ܽʧԭʼԲߣҪڶʱԪǲˣԼΨһľǾʧ󣬱ϾÿһʧǶԪ˷ѣʧ٣ʡϣҲܽʡԪ
ţʱַ˲ϣԪʼһһϰ
뷨ܼ򵥣ԪҪǮķѹֻҪм顶Ԫͺãʧ˳ϰԪбô
ֻҪǮûʲôµˣϰһٱһǧ鲻УôԼϰһʮ飬ʮ鲻УǾͼʮ飡ֱûƷĵĹӡıܣһŻʧܣ

˳ǣԪ˧
˳ΰĽȺһǻʹһԪ˧Ԫ˧˳ǵǣﳤϱǧмɽٲȻ԰ˮ¥󲻼
ʱԪ˧ĲУһۣ׷ͯյһ˿ԱߣվһµİŮŮ
Ŷһˣ㶼ʰ·磿
šͷߵ߱ʦ˳ɫʦľ
ʮֺãʱеĶԻȫ֮ɫأԭΪ˵ֻǫڿǹ治磬֪ʶڷḻ˹һܿĵطġ
Իϸֻƻ龰һǳɵĸоû취ġ
Ԫƻ·ͣ٣һ˲Ļаպء𣿡ľʮ־ȡ
ţĵʱҵĸоˮЩصİաǡӡԺУγɵıһ̶ֳȣĪ
šľһγνıûǧεϰǲܵģСӣ̥Ϳʼϰô
ȷֻʮꣿ
ȷ϶
˲ã˲ãľ̾ССͣⷬȷʵ˳Ծ츳ƽҸʦ˭ľŰ룬Ժ˼˹Уʲôʦ
Ȼ룬ȴվû뵽ܵѡ֪ʶΪǶˣ˹ڹв൱ģ˵ʤľͲˡ
ľ˵벻˭̳ɫͽܣû´ʦš
ţһܴ½ޱȹкܶഫǧ֮õĴţЩŵĵ̺ʵ
ԶĲ˵˵˹š丮ıҡȣӵеĸ־ͶĲ
ʮǰȵĳ˹Ҽ˶ҪϹϾʦľ˹ȻǶʦǵ֮УǾûʲôϡˡ
ľ׵´ǼˣһҪҪԼ겻򵥣Դŵʦѧ̶ֳҲ˸о˼顣УһЩʦҲ˹ǲĸˣһͻˡ
ǣʦ

һĹȥһһŵĽҳ˺£Щӣÿ춼ϰַѾ֪ϰ˶ٱ飬Ѿġ
Լҹʹľǳƣ˫ǲѪɫԪҲڴ;ƿݵ״̬ǵõĺôҲʮԵģ֣Ľ⣬ĸ֪ҲԽԽ
Ȼڴһ֣ùһֻȫİĶޣҲڽǵĹУĸ֪ÿһ仯ӶݵıܿǣһȥˮƤʵĶޣֻҪһ㹦֫ϣ
ֲٶȣĹԱǾ㵵ĲţĶ˶ѾľˣڴλȻϰʱ⣬°ʱ⣬нˮȴĲڼ
ĴûĸԱȻӵȨȴɱÿʱĽǣ˵һ۶ûöкô
Ȼģ빤ʱûĹˣΪûôޣǵģⷿеĴѾȫˡ㿴ⷿе޶ǣÿСҲһºֱˡ
һֱһ
ڵһʮʱ׼òϣʼһεĻƣ


15 ǿ
һΣ׼ʮֳ㣡ڵͼ·ĻϣѾǴʦˮ׼
ƺòϵ֭Һſ˫֣һ֭Һʱһķɵ˰С
һ֭Һ˫ۣӡѾӡԺУٽļ䣬ЩӵĲһֱܡ
һˣʮָɣһӡϵıΪٶȹ죬ָģ壬һһεĲԾһ𣬶ǣ£ѸγһѤصķţΪ˽ʡԪһֲϸոձϣͲһֲϿʼµĻơ
ȻǿȣܼĻУĴȴ͡
ƽһ룬Ըе
ƽ֮оԪѾʣ޼ˣʼתԪ
һĶãһ󲻿ɱӣҧ֣󼸺ÿĶҪֺüʲܻ
˿ˣ߶Ƚŵ΢һ˿ȱһζʧܲ
ġĬԪѾĵޡ
ĸһ
ˣ
ɻƵһɲǣڰƯʮһĹâںϵһγһģڰС
ʱѾѣȻƯڰеĳƷģдϲССľĺӣΪһµķҲ˴ĽǮڽˣ
λǰܽΪǿ֣Ϊ̣ʵ̫ˣλǰĿǣҲûиͽСǿɡ
ȡһһʮŵ˵ķֽøջָһԪһǿ˷ֽ棬֮γһӵķģۡ
ķֽεһ̣ıĵۣγһһͼ
ͼᱻԶڱĵıϣΪһ־ܶʦԴΪԼı־൱Ʒơ
־Ϊ棬ȡĺ塣
һ;类գеĿʹΣղֲ˷׷׻ɻҽɳֻ־ᶨߣԡΪ
СĽֽƿӣõսѪ˿۾УȻƣֻ뵹ͷ˯ȴǰδеС
丮Ŀ޻ʮ죡

ȥһӡ˷ֽϣˣеĲȫľܹšǿ
Щǿֺǿĳɾ͸УҪľǽŷȥ
ڽ׻ϣ׺ʦһķһǧƽ𣡵ȻЧӦĽķֽȻô࣬ţԼķЧԱǰ׺ʦķЧй֮޲
λǰܵļ֡ǿȻڵͼģȴ˽λƷıϣ˽λĻЧܹɣ
ˣǿܴһӼܣ
һЩƷʮָߵܴӼܣֻҪעԪܴܽ߷ߵӷǾ౦Ļȵȡ
ǿϣܴһΪһļܡ
ССʵһӵķ󣬵ʹ߽ԪעʱմЩԪѹ£˲䱬ȥڽУһɷǳǿɱ
ȻǿΪ²ңЧ϶ﵽɣǿһҲ֪ܲ˳Ϊ̫ӣһƳɳƷԶһССУԼҲѴӳƷķжһķʵЧķ̫෱ӽṹֻҪһͻķЧۿۡ
ڶ峿һҹϢԪظ۷״̬СһЩ׻еĵַķˡ
ڰ·һЩһ׶ϣڸԼòȻ˳ǵĽ׻ܺã׷й¶˵ݣǾСЩΪãϾķҪȫȥһʲСĲƸҪǱ֪ˣ㲻÷ɱԽ顣
˳ǹٷУ˳жУûгһҶѡ˳ǹٷֻǾùٷеһЩ
ֻҪķȥԼͿ׬㹻Ľҩġ
ȻĵУȴ֣̫ˡ


16 ܴ
żϸ̣ǶƷϼϣĳٻеͻˡ
Ӵһӣȷе˵λӰλʲô𣿡
Ȼ˿ӣ߻ϳӰ˼֣ټɤȻûһִǰֻһʮʵ¡
ɴԭ˵ķ
ŶЩɵĿҿԿķôʵϣӵ̬ѾܺˣһʮмһǼ۸ǧƽķôЩɡ
óķӿǸֽɫʷֽ΢΢üȻͼֽһʮţ˵ֽӰĵʦεݣȻֵͼֽˣõʮһŵĸ߼ֽܳĵǼֵǧķ
ܵɢӻȷȷʵһķǶ磬һۣʵʦߵƾ֤飿
ҡͷ
ðɣ
ӴеļУһλȥʮĺߣע⵽ǰһӣдŸ߼ʦ
ùķȻҲע⵽ķʷֽģû¶ʲôĵɫƽĴ˰ףͶ뵽ϸļУʾõְҵ
ֻǿʼһ߱ɫ̧ͷ˿ֿ˿ķգ˵ûķʵأǰɣ
ķϻߵԪۼʦͨЩۼԴжϳߵȼƳķԪȼȻܵͣжϳػΪԪԪͬ߸ԭҪ֪ķֻǰֻһصʮСӻƳģҪ°͵ڵˡ
֪ûֻܵͷ
һ̾ɽв˳Ϊܻķˣ˾ȣ
һ˵ĴʦЩ͵ˣǶ͹ǾϣͻǺ쾳ߡ
صĿֻѧͽһѧͽΪԵżȻƳɹһķϡ棬һͬķ˾ˡ
ߵ̾ΪˣȻû뵽߻һת˵ȻһķֻһѧͽĻ޷϶ЧҪ֪ѧͽһԪޣɷӵĻƣķЧһڵĻûʲôֵģķǲһƷأ
ķֻƷı棬ΪֻƷıܱ߹עԪսͨıԪʽս
ԣܹĵҲҪ˽Ʒ˽Ʒıֵձڼǧƽϣ
ɲһװĶӵܣҲҪΪ׽͹ڣпܵõһ
統ߣȻΪΪޣõҲһƷʾ潣潣ɲǱֵƽѡ
Ĵ޵ģֻһΣҲ˵һ֮󣬲ģ룬˭һǧӵıʹԱ֤ķأ
ѧͽķûгġ
ϵ˵ҿֻķʣµһʵ顣
ķƷ󣬲̵ϺʵԼҲֻܴƲڼɵ֮䡣
ܶʱķҲƴԴʦķƷǳܻӭΪ֤Եʦķȴʽû˻һЧδ֪ķԼıðա
ʦȻԣʵõıҪԼṩ
һʱˣһֵǧƽвóǧƽĶΪʵߡ
ȻʦͲͬˣΪʦ֤óʵҲˣҲֵýãʵһЩȻֵá
ԣʱҲ˰ٶƽĶȥŪʵñ
ûҲû˵ʲôңһṩıʧ֮Ļ֪˵Ҳκ壬ʦģΪķԪ̫ˡ
ķת뿪˳ǹٷС

ǸҪʦṩ֤Ĵʦṩ顭
˳ǽ׻ᣬɹʦڿһʮ󣬸ûиķһᣬֱӾܾ
⻹̬ȺõģһЩ˽ҵ̣Щ˵̬ȸ
ľĽ׵̣ǾǴ̻Ͻ̣㣬ڲװݻƻֺ꣬ڶļ۸Ȼǹˣǧƽ̵ֵĵԱƹҲǷǳģǲүȻǿͿģòˮдҪǸģţɨسžͲˡ
е˸ôеͷĻϡ
Сӣﵷң⡣
Ͻ߰ɣط͵СӸĵطλˣʲôҪ𣿽
СѣﶺҷЦˣǲֽİɣһŲֽϻһС磬Ϊɣ


17 
һ죬Уһҽ׻ᣬ֮⣬Ҵıｻ¥һ
εĻص˴̾һû뵽ۼķѡ
ۡ˵ʲôĿԶʤЩǧٱˣڳν׵ĵ泰Χ¡ΪЩе㣬ҲӰ֮ġ
ķʼԪȻһҪ˼ϣÿ춼ʱԪġԪѾ˵һصżΪѾﵽһ۷塣
ʯȭľһ۷ı־
ʯǾŰٽһص۷塣ȻڵѾǧ⡶ģȴͣһء
һסԪֿ꣬ʼ˽ǣĽǹѾ¯ĵزѾԲҪˣȻȴǷëǣҲвһһ취ʼõǣ
֣ͨСͷȵ伫ֶνǣҲҪ֫һͷޣȴĵֺĵǣһУȻ˺ܶ࣬ǵ·еĳÿһ磬Ҫó
ϵսܼޣͬʱļɡ
ǰÿĽһٷͿɣڣʱ꣬ҽǽͷ󺹡
ЧȷʵкõʰǴĽ֪õ˶޵ĽǣǲΪˣǶΪԼˡ
һҹ֮ƣûȥķ飬ֱϴ˯

һҹ˯ߣȥɽǴּյȭһһȭŷǰףʱһ£ͷߵ磬ΪʲôҴչķ㲻Ļķ˰ɣ
СʱҲûͻشˣºԽԽԾòǻķ˰ɣ
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СһȥЩطˣ
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˵űóһĻƵķСġ
Сﶮķϵı齩˰죬ЩķʵǡҲ̶ð
ȻͲµķǴƷҲ̫˰ɣִֻֽƣĸֽƵģɵӲŻ򰡣ǰСҲķŲǹˣɫɽկҲɽկһ㰡
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һ;ʱ䲻ˣǲʱڿĻԺԽԽѣ
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ٱõһλƹͷĻ֣˽ҵ̵̬Ǳвܶ࣬ҲΪ⣬ķתҪߣʱȴһϤҲΪȴʮֲԸ⿴
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˵λ㵭һЦ˷ֽƽ뿪ֻһ¶ȴͦıӰ

뿪ٱãɶ˻֮ģԼһֱɻ˵һ졣


18 
һվǺУûбʲôϣȻеŮִԼ
λŮִƺǸоĲף飬һȥЭᣬûȤղغͽѧãѧͽķ٣Ϊǳɹ̫ͣһģһĸټˣһȥУЩͼ۳ۡ
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뵽սȭͷĵֱԪ˧һμλ˵еΣ䣡
ҧҧƹ˵ķˣ

ҲǰɣȻջ˾ʮƽ𣿡СϵĽƱЩţĸɵӱˣʮƽһŲֽȻ⻰û˼˵ڡ
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ʮƽ߼ҩǲˣҩģʼ磬ҩĵȥʱڳǽľУھһʢǰĻᡣ
ʮУףȴɺɵսʿǣųһķվڴˣֻǿǱܸеһʵʵɱ֮һ㱼ڶЩ˶˹ľ֮ʦһ˶һʮʿ
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ⳡ䣬ɼҪ̶ȡ
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ϼ֮⣬һҪԱȻҲȱϯ


19 ľ׵ɻ
˹䣬ˣÿһδȣѡ˲ŵξҪְͬʱҲܴ
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ǲֻһѧͽķôôôȻķļ۸񣬵ҲףǿЧԲֻһƽģ
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ôǲƷƷƺҲߣѵ


20 ֮
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࡭٣򶨵ľ׵ɴ۾һƽ˵ķֻһƽ𣡣ղأƼ


21 ѧͽķ
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˵ûпһʦ⽫ԼԪѹƵ£һķ
ľ׵ڻߺߵԪͽߵԪʵĲ𣬺ѹƣҾǻطѹƣҲûбҪѹԪƳƷȻЧۿۣҲôʲô
ƹһֱۣӶ·ˣΪķʲô鷳ŵЩ˵׷飬˻˼ƺķ̫ţˣǲŻ׷顣
ľ˹ǰĴʦΪ֮𾪵ķжôļֵ
뵽ƹʮֺڣ֪ЩķԼӦöˣ
ǡǸһСӵ꣬ôŪôķ
ƹģķ˭ģ㻹ǵô
ǵãǵáƹæͷһʮ꣬ͨһַء
ƹ˵̿ʼ¼Ϊϵߣµַ
ʮꡭ⻰һһʱ뵽ǸٸΪ޵꣬ѵ
͵Ϊѧͽ⡭ķѵģ
ʶһ㣬ڲˣѾˣȫ
ʱƹѾæҵİѵַ˳ŻܱһңƹĽͰ͵˵󡭡סڴʱǰǰ
ߡľ˵
˺ܿЩĵ˵Ѿˣ֪ǲǻסڴֵطһסġ
ȻΪǴĿˣΪ˳ľ¥֮һҲпͷǣһ£ھ¥סġ


22 ϸ
Щӣһֱϰõǣ֮ǰջصľʮƽһҩ㲻ڶҩˣһȭľϿߴȭѣȭֱûСۣѾһǧٽ
˿ľȴûдﵽν˿ָƿأߣһȭľϣľڲľȴԱ˿ľ磬һֱûż
ȵһոհƵҩѵ£ʼÿձĽǣֽͨǵķʽҵƿصļɡ
ȣõǵ౶һתԪһ߳ܿ㺹䤱ʱȻȥķѾ˲Сķ粨

ľС㣬ʧԶӭ¥Ϊλõż䡣ǰ֪Ϣǰǰӭӣ֮ĸ߼¥Ϊ˳ǵĴٹǱüרŵż䣬ЩżƽʱţЩȨԷûа
СȥһϺñ̴裬֪ͨú׼óˮƽȻдͣľ׺˳ϲһ˻ԽٵģΪԪ˧ǻʹǵóʦˮƽҪȴй֮޲ҪԷ
ˣҸʦΪˡ
Ŷˣ
ţ﷿Ϳһλʮ꣬ôߣ֡һ£ֻ˵ϣΪһ㷿סʱֻסϵǼһϣ²ǸʦһסģһǼǵĶ벻Լϡ
ʮꡭ룬Сʵסʮô
Сûӡȥ֪ͨͷǱҡ
Сȥ֮дľһСʿͷǱˣʮûס
һסĶǴٹˣһǹ⣬֮߰࣬ϼҴڵģȻꡣ
ľޱ΢΢üʮ춼ûôô᣿ǰӦûڴŶԡ
룬˵ŮǺס˵꣬ǳһһǰˣӦòСҪҵˡ
Ϊľ˶ҪүģȻмֱ£ͨΪҲߣӦøԪ˧ʲô
΢΢һ㵡
ţһ֡Ǹġ㿴Ȼ֪ʲôְҵŽһ䡣
ģӦòˡľûʲôϣˣһʦôȥ⡣
δ׷һ䣺ʲô֣
Ҳ˵ֻ֪֣ʱӦڳҪȥô
ţȥ˵űվ
Ĵ£ľ˴ĳֻһĩҪǲɱġ
תԪɢȣͬһ߽ȥʦǷ׷Ͷ㵵Ŀ⣬һЩСӾ°Ͷˡ
ڴִٹ˾ĵطǵļʶܹ㣬ϳһʱӶЩתˣ˳˲֪֮Ůôĳ
ʱָųһˡ
ĳܴĵطһķ䣬кõⱣ档
ſţȥֻһһɫӳֳһѺͨĹǵڶһĹͷ
걳Ӻ濴ȥ걳ļȳƶƤΪɹͶֳĹ󣬴ʱҲڳȣҲģı˺飬ȥһļµ֮
ô
ҿ϶߽ĲдŸףէһעĿǾƷζܸоü¶ְǺͷâ޷ӡ
ȻֻСߣȻܵרעϬ뵱ٸصһ𣬲֪Ϊһ
޷ϸ己ҪɿƵԼҰҪĶ޹ǣȫìܵĶôͬʱһϣַӵ֮򵥵֮Աһ˲ٵĸо
ʱתˣÿ춼кܶ˽ʱЩˣβͬоڹ۲˺ܿǳġ
ȻסˣôԼô
ʱע⵽еĵһ߳Ĺǵɫڣûʲôϡģ㵵ǣȻǷõҲ˵ղһֱõǣ⡭
ĿתƵЩϣǶδСһ£ȣЩѵǵô
С㣬ң˵䣬ע⵽ľһϣоһļµƽǿߣҲǸΪټĺ֡
Сֵܣô΢Цʵ
ͷȻס²Լķߵע⣬ȻͲµԼķս˵ע⣬û뵽ô졣
ǸҲǻǣķȻ۸ǣ˶õĻƽ𣬹ǣʵԵȣϬţΪϬǶɱûбԼܱĳЩԼķ
ڽ֮ǰϸǹЩҲԹݣֻʮ꣬ôҲᱻһۿơ
οԼķע⣬ôȻдһһص꣬ûκαƾһ򵥵ݾù˳ЩͨĴڳ˵Ρ
㲻ˣһ취


23 
㲻ˣһ취Ǿһٵʦ塣
ʦͨο裬˿Լ϶һǿ׵ʦôڵʦĿɽ
ȻҲзյģ粻ɥĲ֮ͽȫ壬һˣʮֵΣա
Ƿɶ˻һ;ûзգһձη岻ǰô޷һǡ
ľƺеĽ䱸˵ǳȥһ¡
ܿ죬ⵥ˱߹ˣ壬ֻľ׺
ľֲһԪ㣬˵Сֵܣûж⣬Ҳµĸ㣬˵治㣬һķƵô
ʦϰķϵͼķĹΪķƣķһŻ棬Ծͱľ׳Ϊһķˡ
ʱҲס˺۾һգգȴĻش
ԥһ£ͷһġ
ȻҪװȻҪװףֻԽǿʦҲᱻԽǿ
ȻԤϣǵõĿ϶𸴺ľ׻ǵһǸܵǿ𺳡
ͬΪʦǳʮΪһλĴʦжѣ
һֱף죬ˣ˹ֻܴ½СһȣԼ˹һһ֮ŮǳȥˣֻǶɳеһ
ǣϾû߳˹ΧͬˣǱΪŵģûһܸϵʮ֮һ
Ʒϰ츳˹һָ츳ǧһûͬҵ°ִܸУֻгɱһеİ
ǽ죬ȴһͬˣȻʵ˵ԶϵȴԶԶ
ϣ˵ԼֻһֻոѧеĳôѾǸ߿аĲӥ̫ˣ
Ȼܣȴûиеɥֻж֣ŻǰĶ
꣬˺棬ҲǳϣΪѣպĽдѧϰ֪ʶԼˮƽ
ǣһ뵽֮ǰԼ뱻ܾˣָеһЩʧίŮӱӱֳ߰ҵŮˣȻΪѣΪһΣȴˡ
ľ׵õ϶Ĵ𸴺󣬺һŴлعʵţ²ķΪأڿŪˣ
Ϊֻһ۷壬ΪԪʵԲԼĴ
ԪϰҲǶֹֻдŲŻС
ƽΪ̿࡭õ֫ޣ¾һˣ꼫пܳţȻһǿ׵ʦ
뵽ľһʮֹʵðһ£ʦմ
ľ˹λȻǼ˻ʵֹԼʦĵη
ΪѵǸǰʦ˵˵䡣ʵҸĸҲ֪Ұһλǰʦֻʮʱʦҵңڱ졣ɣǣײ鵽ԲŻ˵ⱻɡ
ľ׵ͻˣǰˣķѿ٣ҲðȻѯʡ˵Сֵܵ˳ڣ˹һʦ˰ɡ
ľ˵ǲʦǻòʳϢϾִ˵е֣ƽʱѵһһ˵ԼĻԵ
ľױں쾳ѾܾˣߣûвϣԼһġ
ǣָ㣬һȥ̫ѣ
˹ؽʮߣиʳڣĸ֡
ȻЩͨ丮ѡΣսȵľţ˹ʮûгֹһλ֣
˵͹ǾһôӺ쵽һǵǲţĿԼ㣡
ľѾˣΨһָܹλǰܣָԼһôһ˿ϣ졣
մﵽ죬Ŭķ򣬲ãȻĿꡣ
ʦֻǸʿǰš
ľ֮ʮĽԼԵţʦѾţ˵ŶΣʦΪȻѾߵľ硣Ҳ֮ϣ
ľ˵ѾʮңԶˣûŵ߻û˵жԿģ֮ϣǾǸңԶľˡ
ľ׵Щ⣬ף߶ԼνʦȤʮŨ񣬶ҿеУպٲ˻ҪѯԼˣԼӲװǺװȥģϾľ׻ôͣҲôúŪġ
뵽㿼ʵ˵һЩλǰвдļ䣬ЩȻǹĸ򣬵ΪȱȫѾû̫ļֵģ˵ʮֻ˵ġ
뵽Ҳ֪ʦ˼ҵ˺־磬ʦ˵һ;ΪĲ֣һֱͣڵڶ֡
Ŷ֣ľ۾һ©һ֣֪ǰĻʮֱġ
Ҳ۾һգգϴ


24 ͷ
Ϊ䡯͡󲿷֣һ䣬һ伴壬ꡣʦ˵һƬޱ߿ຣ߾ɿຣΪɺ֮Ϊ֮
ɴᣬ㸲꣬㣬ԪҲ޷ִ˰
ĹɱǺ쵽Ĺɣ֮ǰһֱ壬֮߿ʼꡣ
֮꣡ľһƺץסʲô޹ԼЩһֱȴ޷ٽ粽ʶԼƺʹˣ˵е첢е׺ν죿
ʦ˵̥ӷнᣬ̥Ϣ̥ʱڱǲֻͨܿĸͨѪϢ˳֮󣬾͸ΪڱǺǺϢϢ״̬ԪͨԪ֮졣쵽Ḷ́ʵȥɺϢתΪϢĹ̡
ԭˡԭˡľĿ¶һݾͺȻļʦֻ˵˼䣬䵽Լж糿ĺһǾĽ̵칦Ļز̫ҲΪһʦ
ŵЩԼ޷ģ뵽ľ׸пЦʮʮ죬֮ʮʱ䣬˼Ҫ쾳ȴʼղţԭһʼʹˣʮȣ̾̾
ľһ͸пӵĸ֮ɫһԿˣа̾ûдУ̤ϣоǴŵάϵĻʯĸŲѴпƵģô
ˣӺҪ壬ػ̥ʱ״̬ҪĵҩֵҩϸƵĶĪ˵һˣǻҶ򲻵ġ
ȻľһЩλǰܵĲȱ䣬Ҫܡ
ǰˡֱԣʦ˵ûŵ֧֣õ쾳ĹУҲ޷졣
ľ׵֪֪ҵƽԸԸɣҿķڣ֪ҴҲ޺ˡ
ľ׵Ļкһ֮⣬ҲпԼǲܵõصħҲֻľ㣬쾳֮׷Ѱ翵쾳磬ձźȥɡ
ľֻζ˺ܾãСһʣǲͷӣǱ֮
λһβ׷ľҲкøУ˵˲ǡ
ղײգǽڴһƣ̸Σ
΢΢һԥӦ˵ǰһ£ǰΪұܡ
ȻΪԼһɽǻҪһЩѬģ֮ͽ黹ǵ͵һЩΪá
ľײµĹǣ˵ãСֵܷģԪ˧ڣ˳Сֵܾ԰ȫֻҪСֵ鷳ô֪ͨң˳ǻмֱģСֵΪҪķΪô
ľʣЦǾԭҴ˴ʦδҼҾ֧ͨҵ俪֧
ԭһ;ݡ̰裬Ҫɺ쳾ģʦôȻĵȻˣҲûʦĳԣСֵܼķĻҿ԰м۹Żķһǧƽ㿴Σ
۸˲©˰ģһǧ
һǧʣžǾǧȻϵԼķǼˣҲû뵽ǵǧƽ
ǧʲôеľ¥ҲֵǧѣܽǾ¥£ĸҲôˡ
ʣµǧԼҩʲô嵤׽ȫǶԣ
Ѫ֮ҩ˵ˣһһöԣģΪ˵ٻƳķҲʲôѵ顣
ѹе˷ܺͼľ׵Ƕлǰˡ
ľȻϲֻʦƶӣȻⷱĶǣһʮʵںѶЩƺ̵Ļеֿ
ľ׵СֵܵķֵǮ⣬ҪǰˣҸľףΪľ׿ͽľ׺ˡ
⡭ԥȻʶߣǵԴ˵ҲܲλĳȻҲǽˣȻľѾ˵ԵͷӦ
ľˬʵһЦȥôڳżھƣҪСֵܹһ
ղһֱĬҲϸĵƷζ˵һιĽͣľ˵æõʦ
˵ľҪȾƣһ¶Ź֮ɫľʲôˣԪ˧䣬ʦҲǵ̫̫պ̫ӵǻľ׾ǻʵ۵ʦľײΪɲ⣬ͬʱ־ͨĵռһλˣϼ˶Ҫ֡
ȴСӳԷҿ߳ӣֱƽ۽ʲôͷ
ҪͷСĻֺһ֣ԵԶҳĻߺͶƲһ֣Ȼձ壬ϾѵǴ֮á
ŹǵСֵʲôͷ
Ҳء
ϲ˵ķԱϲ֮಻˶ǹר÷Ա˫ʮ껪òڣͨ黭ľ׺Ǵ˾񣬱ϾֹͣһҲʮƽ൱µĹǮˣȴû뵽ȴġ
һپʽܼ򵥣Ƕܾ£ȵľƸһƽĻƣ־ͨطƣм˸ҩģߺȥˣһΪǿ壬Ȼ칤ոӣò󣬱˵һҹҲȲ
УľҪȥԪ˧ססԪ˧Լ㣬Ϊ˷ֹʲôߣǾܾˡ
ľֻգʹ˷ֱǰ˹ķľǧƽ𣬻һϽͨſ̻ϽдܾŻݣ˳ǼеĴ̶̻Ͻҵ
õǧƽ𣬿ϺĽƱʮּ㰾ͷˣ
ǧƽĻȥǧʣµҩͻأǵõҩٸӵҩЧôԺͻҲ׾ٵ顣
ע˻ߵĺԶ˵ǰ׾һبǰĴɽҪѾܷȥôڣֻ֮·ϵһʯֻҪȥߵĸ߷塣
ãô֪ͨСӣߣʹȥٱſڼ
Сܶ࣬ԼҪúóܻһһ֡
СֹһﻹǮô


25 άƽ
СٱúѾڵȺˣ磬ɶʣµķҲȥ˰ɣ
Цãȥˡ
ǰɡСŵĽһļҵԩͷҲ̫ÿ˰ɡЩĵ˵磬ȥô࣬Ҫ˼պֵܴܿ򲻹
ûĵһƭ˵ģ
⻰ҿû˵Ҳǹƭ˵ĲǣҾĥţһʱأһһţҪǽǮˣʱⲻ𰡡
ЦҡͷİɣԲģȥɡ
˵̧߽ٱãСһֱɵˣΪֻ棬ȥ֮Сطû뵽ֱٱãطĶɰǧƽ˳ĵ֮һ
磡ҵ׸磬㲻Ҫɣ
ţ˵Ѿ߽˵̣ƹһ¾ͿڵƹĶм˵ı죬ټͨСмۣƹֻһ˼ͼǰķλꡣ
ʱƹЩͷˣôˣ˵ǲķġ
ȻҲǵٱõƹ񣬵˽ҵ̣ƹ̬ȾûһõģЩƹʵǵ̵Ļϰ嶼ǷǸٻڵǻӶһЩƹ͵Ա⣬ȻǵнˮǺҵҹġЩƹܸǴҵɵĸҹȻǵͷֵģͲ̲ˡ
ҵķѾȥˣġ
ȥˣƹĿ¶ıӣľ飬Щķֵ˼Ǯȥĳɱмʮˣû棬ΪʮӾǮˣǿЦ
ȻЦЦƹĲûиˣϾٱûĹ涨ûǮĲ׼
һ·ٱĿĻȷʵ˾ޣСϴİѪΣﶼֻµȵġ
ģϡҩϣʦķֵǧƽıӦоС
ڵСûô
СЦ磬ǳĳȻ˵￴Ǯûλƹǵ񣬸Ƶģһڡ
С˶ѣҪǲҰҪһװɡ
Сͷҡĸ˹Ƶģ磬ǲˣҪڰٱõ˶ǮᱻһٵģʱܵĿ죬ܲ
Һʱǲ㰡
ˣĴβҰʵˣһһ׼
Цˣֻ·ĽƱ¶һⲻǮô
СһƱһʱûӦ˺һǽƱϵĴ£ȫհ״̬һ˫С۾Ҳ״ˡ
Уһǧ
ȻһǧĽƱңЩƱĴСƺҲһǧĽƱôһˣ
ƽʲô
СоӲˣ磬ȥˣ԰Ĺ򣬾ҲôǮ
СŶǺߣε˵ķȥ׬Ǯ㲻š
ķ˵Ųֽһķˡ˶Ǯһţ
ǧƽһš
ǧСϵķⶼʼˣȻ𾪣ѹ˼һǧ˵Լһķһǧ
ͷСԼĺֵܣûҲסҪͨСǮȥҲҪС飬պľ׵˳Ǹ߲ӴһֱС
ֱҵ̣СŵĽһͻķֿðײ˻úü²գƭСҲôƭİ
ʼ磬ʵǰ㶼ţҲû취
ϴ磬ͱˣ߸ң⵽ô°ɡ
̾˿˵ðɣҸ㣬㷢Ĳ˵ȥ
ҷģС̱֤
šģʵһʦʮ꣬ʦˣ˵ʴӱ棬ΪάƽͽˣҪҵͽܣҾ͸ʼѧˡ
ҲСоǳ˸Ӭ磡˵ô
Ҳƭ㣬иʦ
ɣʦܻѧNʲô
ʦֻұ죬ֲǮˣȻһֱѧǲ֪ʲôãֱңҲ֪׬Ǯ
Со̫ˣͺһֻСè˼꣬ˣǱʩĻ幫һ
˺ãɡСѡס
С޴־Ҳ̫ϲ䣬ֻһסϵžˣŸСѡһױ
ʲôģʵƹͷĿһۣ˵߼̵Ʒܶڳ̨ıǩϣԼͺá
䣬ȻǳЦû߼̡
ƹô⣬һ˵ı죬ǰҲһЩһ̯棬׼ʱЦӭǰͨҼǰżŲ֪ʲôطĲֽķСȻʲôˣƹȻͷ
ת׵ĺ棬Ȼһ߳飬ͬʱֻǧľϵĲ˿ʮӹձƶɣپʮƽ
־ײǱһµսкܺõЧأױһãԼǲҪˣһС
ȥֿԼȤĶ¹̥;Ԫ
ڴ֮ǰûгԹҩΪⵤҩ۸̫ߡ
ҩҩݺȡ޵ҩƶɵģЧȵҩݺ˺ܶ౶ΪԸҩ䣬ԴﵽҩݻҩԶԶ޷󼰵ЧҩƵҩҩʦͬһǮְҵҩʦñʦ٣Եҩһ˳Եġ
¹̥ʮֵ԰¹¹̥ҩԸֲҩɵģ¹٣ҴɽɭУҲʮֲףҪȡ¹¹̥Ѷȿ֪
¹̥Ϊ¹̥ƣ̺ḻѪûմȾȥʣٽԪںϣӷߵ
ֵҩƶСһֵƽ
ԪͬɸҩƣҪԪļֵڰѪ֥ԪҪЧǻԪӿߵٶȡ
ֵҩļ۸ͬǶƽһţӵҲֻҪʮֽʡʹá
ûмȥȫҪĶ
ƹ˵ľ׸Ұ⣬Ҫ¹̥裬ʮžԪ嵥ϵĲϣһһݡ
˵ţóһѾ׼õ嵥˸ֲϣЩҪõģղŴ¿һ£ڰٱ롣


26 ͻ
Ļֿ嵥ƹЩˣΪٱǿĵطôôһʶ뼸ǧƽ𣬺üһСӵøײƵģǧƽĶӵˣôҲϸ
һư嵥£ͷ˵Ҿڰٱõ˶Ҫ϶ǹ£µˣٱôӲġ
ͷС͵һӣһƹһŷϣƹֻһ̵ģҲûϰ츳ȻϡƽСôһģʱҽ
㣡ƹֱţСӾȻڰٱöִˣ
ۿ˵˵ľֶСүֵеǮС˵ŴѽƱ˳žһ˹̨ϣϰٽȥĹ̨һҡΣ˽ӣСǣͿƹ˳ˣʱǮ˵Ļô
ƹ񿴵Ʊ͵һһ˲͹ƳСһƱܶһһǧƽĽƱܶһȷЩƱֻҪõ̻Ǯׯ̶һ
ƹ񳹵סˣִССһʲôӵܣҼǰǻĶ죬ҪȻֽôôôǮѵǼŷֽģ
ܣѧͽķôǮ
Ҳ֪ʲôʺԵ˱šƹмƣǮүһֻܰװˡ
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൱ļ۸񰡣Լɾõһٶʮ
ɲһСĿȻǷŸǮȥƹͷ˵С۲ʶ̩ɽλԵȣϾȥ׼
˵䣬Щӷ׵ƹһһҪĲֶңƹرʹֽһͰѶˡƹЦݿİѶϣ˵λԲԣһǧ˰ƽ𡣡
ĶСû磿
ûˣЩ
ʱСһЦ˵˼뻻ƹ
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Сһ㣬ˣ֪ͨľ׮Ƶʲô
ƹ֪˼ҹˣԼЩˣҪӵˣȻҪţûʲôıҲָʹôڲʱٱõһ㶼Ҹģһƹһ˭ȥ
ƭˣϽģͶߵϰǶ
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Ԫ˧ͻҵϽ
һ˲䣬ƹ©˰ģ̻ΪֺûҺԪ˧רŷеģΪֹȥҲһţ
ӵеҪôǻҳԱҪôԪ˧ķȼһָͷԼ
군ˣСһͷǲµСӻױܳʹѰ̼ɡ
ûô˰ɣƹһ˲ͷˡ
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һʱСҲɵˣһôͻȻԴҩˣ
ƹϻ̳ϿֵģƹˣһⲻǣָС˻ȥ
صסС֪ϽԭֻΪһסƹãǮˬ̵ģղƹƨӾЦ̫ƽˣҪңͶߵǰٱϲ㣬һ̸ǹ
ȴƹʱǿϽɫ䣬пԪ˧˳ǻ֮أ²ڻˣ
˵СС淽ʽʹ桢ķѧĶûҪȥϵǵ·С׺¹̥Ǹġ¹̥ȥʣһЧ֮Чμ룬һţҲ˷ѡ
ھԪûƣֻڿ̿ˣСҪ
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Цֵܲ˿⡭ȡǧƽ𣬡ЩǮ´μʹ˳ʱҼĻȥҸĸǰѾ¥
ĸĸǾ¥ķ˰뱲ӣԾ¥Ȼһݸ飬ȱŰŸĸѾ¥¡
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Сһ˻ص䣬˿丮˻ʮ죬ʮ죬Ҫ̥ǣ
¹̥裬ǾԪֱӱΪĵҩǰʣԪ׽ϣǻԪӿٶȡ
ֱӱΪĵҩͬҲ򵽣ֵҩ̺ԪʣȻΪߵĿ죬ǻᵼ¸ȣʱҪѴʱ乮̸С
ûóȻһҩ
ʱңʼõһ¹̥衣
¹̥Ȼ󣬵㲻̫嵤ҩȻӵҩЧķȴûбҪΪһ¹̥ģֱӳ±ɡ
ڴľͰз˴Ͱˮѵ·˽ȥµҩҩڼһ뵽ڡ
ĬԪķʼתԪ¹̥跢á
ҩЧей΢ĴʹУǴ忪ʼı־
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һһҹľͰˮϽһ㵭ۣڵʡӵܣʮ꿪ʼϰʱͻᾭḶ́ҩҲǼҳ㷹٣ԪںϵĸףԼͬƷ츳ٶҲѸЩӵܡ
ֱȻ۾¹̥ҩЧѾȫգ
ٴתԪԪȻϵĸӽܣ֣ΪԪĶνϣԪѾɢȫǿصı־
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27 ˿ʼ
һѾﵽһ۷壬ֻһ֮ң㲻¹̥裬Ҳ˳ĿأֻǻһЩӰˡ
һΪԪҪڼϣڶ⣬ԪɢȫƤķҲһΣ䲻˵ǹ룬˵ǰױһ̴ôڣͬһֻ˽⣬սǿ˲ֹһ㡣
װǰѾ۷ˣԼֻǳأϡԪ׻вٲ࣬Ҳԭ̤Ʒ츳ٶȼ졣
Ȼһҹδ˯ոͻƣˬ˿в⣬ųȥչɽּյȥ
Ӵɽּյʮ·ǰ񱼹ȥҪʱ䣬ͻأʱС룬仯Ѿϲ쳣ˡ
ҵȭǿֽڵϣЩҩĺͱҩȫǼֵƵϡҩڹǲݵ֭ҺܶЧݳ޵ҩݣȫص°ˣԾ
һԪٶȵľԪԪ͡
ܴ½ķУǧСɣͨһϵ׽͹ǡڽߵԴﵽǧߣɴ
ļޣǺ֣ҲˣֻԪ
쾳磬ϵľ磬壬һֱԪ꣬űΪ
ڡļУǧ𲽣ţʮΪСɣɣǾûˣŶݼףǺԽ֮ǬȭƲ񷣬Ѿʮݵˡ
ʱʱвţһʮϾ򴫳ꡣ
ǧٱ;Щˣǻλܵļ䣬ڵţſɨص۵ӣҩͯмĵӣʮϡ
ϸļ侰òţҲ˵˹Ԫ˧ŵǸҲܴܿ򲻹һſɨصۡ
ȻĽ׶Σ˵ʮңԶΪһȥʮֿ̣Ӵ赽ŶݼףǣǾ͸ϼѣ˵ˣǴܼеŵҲдѵ˱һ׶ΣҪ˹ߴӺѣ
뵽һЩΪʱ磬ҪáŹ˿
˿һȭľ׮ڲľȴ
ȻǳɵǣλǰܵļЩģ壬ΪֹҲ޷ţֻ

˳Ƕϣ˳ǻϣһž³Ľվڳƺڵȴʲô
Źһ㹦򣬳Ⱦͷһеӣȥʮ꣬ȻĲ׳˶˲ĳȣ೤һǸ֡
꿴ϲӭȥ磬˵ˣôλ׶Щڱ߽սɡ
Цϴһǧƽ𣬽ֱСߡ
˵ҲǱңȻѾѹǼ£ֹɢǲ֪ôĻǱ֪ˣԴˣŭ
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ֱµĽգڲŸոճ
½ռֱҪߵܺȾƳ⣬ȥ¥ܴСܵǺ裬ֻż侭ҪÿչΡ
Щޣȫͷϣʲȥ
ȻҪԸҲףھʵȨû취ˣʶĺѣûһֵģҸ׻˾ãҲû취ˣκβ
ֱ죬оˣԲһֱȸôãҪ߿ࡣ
һۣ˶ĴĶӣͬͬĸȻ˽ܵܣһǹǴζĶɡղѵѾˣ
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һ֪ܵں죬ͷ˵ףʲôҲ֪㱨𣿡
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һˣߺ֮ɫվԭأû뵽ͷѵһսȭͷҧĿ죬ģ˳ӴûܹôίӲŪͲ

䣬ƾ棬ʮʱȻš
ڴɽһڴȭɽХȻȭȭȴǹɽ磬
䣡һȭǰľ׮ϣֻġꡱһ죬ҩˮƹƼ׮һȭдأľм׷ɡ
һȭջأδľмأһǱ£һ죬ڵϵİľ׮һķ飡
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ô࣬ʼûͻ࣬ڸʵһζ졣
ʮˣ丮˵ˣҹز⡣һʯͷϼ·еˮϴһӡ
ҫ£ļȳƽʵȪˮ֮иǷŵһͷýԱһУӰֻһʮǡ
ϴ·ɽȥչ䣬ٶѸ⣬ֻǼϢʱʧããС


28 ı
ÿ丮˵ӣһҲ˹Ҫӡ
˵丮ţԽ֮󼴿һ졣
丮ԴΣҪǴй
йǧǰľܽᣬûЩ飬Լһǳ˵Ρ
ϳ۵ĴйǴ·ľƷֻźŵϽ丮С
һΪŶԴйƿطǳϣһڵӽй¶ȥȥΪֱӴ
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δɵˣõҲ޷¼ƣͺñǮׯеĽƱȻֻһֽ˭Ҳ޷Ʊһһģһȥ
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似似˵ҪֱӸߵսҹ
һ似ᣬںϵǼƬֻλǰܵһѣй似ļ֮٣ֻĸǲȱġʵ似ȱûʲôϾļƷ似²ȱҲ˹似Աġ
Ȼϧĸ似ѹ֪Ҫʲô϶ǲˣΪУ⼸似һ⿪ɽѵأ˵ɱˣ˹̫ѡ
似ڵȻëǮϵûС
Ҫͨοˣ丮ҪõһóɼΪÿ丮˵ǰзḻĽ
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ǰɣô̬ⲻ丮ôԵʱô
Ҳ˼ҵĿ֮أһ丮֮
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֮𡭡
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ǣȻΪǻ׹ݵԭ丮еϵ丮ǹģѧһֻһ취ˡμӲ˿ԡ


29 
׳һָϵĽָ˵ϵܣ˳ĵ̣ʶʲôû۷ġʵҲܶԸ۷ĸ֣ԼԽһصģʰ
ߵصĸҵʶܶ࣬ǡǶҸ׻ҸΪϴε飬ҸѾǸûҵġ
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룬˵丮ˣάΰɽɣܹ㸸׵Ρ
һ㶣ͷô£Ըƽʱͦҵġ
׿еɽ˳ǲӵĶӳ뻤ǾϵӸΰǾάͳΣѹҡ
ţ֪ˡһ취Ūڶƿӣͨһ϶綾һ㶢ɫ˵

丮Ŀ˷Ϊֱ֣ǲءþء
Ҫеıǵһ֣ء
ĵһ׶ΣҲĻʵԺ̸ʲô⡢ࡢ׽͹Ƕǰ״
ԣ˵ʮҪҲԼ򵥣ֻҪһˣֻҪʱھͿ̭ıߡ
ôһֱ丮״򲻶ĵһڡ
һһ˸ߵʯһԪʯĩɵĹһȭʯϣԹĸ߶жһ˵һ߶ȾһٽһߣҲһǧΪϸ񣬷̭
һ۷ı־ʯȭľҲ˵һһصŰٽͨˡ
һʱѾǧڵǴﵽǧٶȻǡģ֮һҪأҪȡһ
ڹ㳡ϣԻδʼڹٵԵʯ̨ϴϢ
ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ𣬡
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NNNЩӵĹٵһʱ伦ɹ΢΢ü丮գ˳ǻרɲάôȺۣ
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·ߣǾʱͻȻǸյһЦһµսۼת˸£˹
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ӵеİٽﳤǹֻصʵȻƥһأ
Χ˿һһ֮ǰզ࣬ȫ̵ʿֱιް
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ֽѾԤˣֻû뵽ķôɾ䡣
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㸺𣿿ЦǱ㸺ɣ
Щආһأصģһͬе׵һ࣬ղһƷʿ龰Ŀȥô
Цһôʱ£µȺආûأ


30 ֮
һǰ߶ʱˣǼֱеܴ裬ϣǺÿ
ȺСආƽ߻죬ٲаŮ飬߾ǵıɡһŰ߿ǷǰƣǶͽȥô˳Ǿûûˡ
뵽һȺӲͷƤȥǼһҲҶɱֻ֣ǳԵƤ֮ˡ
Ŀһ䣬ҽһϵĳǹȵץסȺආͬһʱ䣬ֳǹ⣬ǹȻһɨһʱͬɨСƵģֱӱƷˡ
һʱʹڶЩСආǼֱģһڵһһϢӡ
һĻЩˣղһɨûʹٲҲ
˵ЩСආǾҷϷĳɷ֣һǹɨ߰˻ΧԹ߸е𺳣һЩѾʼ׷׹עˡ
һ˲ֻʣһЩˣۿ߹ɫ˵ʲôҾ㲻Ҫĺѿ
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Ը磬ҪΪһһѪĭһˣֱˡ
ɽæߵҩΪͷӣɽܻҩǼֵƵĺҩһ߰һ߽ҩĨϣҩѪЧߵʹǻһ㡣
Ը磬һֻظԹû뵽ȻҶִԼˣֻҪŪηǾеǰ취ԸŪŪ£ȫ˵ͼԽʲôġ
Ū̫ˣһ
£ߵĸһ㲻ܣϴζĶΪ߶ˣֶ൱ǸϣȻŭ
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Ī˵ߵĸ֮ûУҲߡ
ڲھǱҷõĲФӣǳȥ˾Ͳһˣȥ˾ҪӣɽľϾһźţʾǲ
ЩɽȻоˣһУһʼЩСආǵƣּĳǹԱһ˺ۣ˵һϵĲٷϵĻûѳǹˡ
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Ѿ²µɽ׼ˣƵĶɽ̹Ȼش
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֤ȷ䣿Цһʹ·ˣֻߵһ֮ʣ
ɽüͷһ壬ĸоһܲͷ࣬ƺԼһ־ͲµĿܷչ켣Σң·ڿԼЦһ㡣ǣСӼȻô͸ΪʲôҪ嶯ְߴѵ֪ߵĸ˳ǻô
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ߣɽһ֣µĲӣ߿һĻ¶һ˿ЦҶô
ӹ˦˦ӣԣһˣͲôýˡ


31 ˾Ͳý
ӹ˦˦ӣԣһˣͲôýˡ
⣬ɵƻ⣬һԶˣ˵ôĻεĴЦȻ뵽ߡݣôЦе㲻ã仰еŪİʾ
ȻתͷȥɽЩɫѿԼ߸ɿһڨڨ˵Ը참ҾС̫ˡ
ϵĻɽ˵丮󿼣㸺ΰڹٵϲۣǹ㲻ָʹ¾ڶŹҪ˲㲻һǹˣΧ·һ仰ʱ㶨㹻Ӣģ
ĻģǼɽҲһСӣмֵɫʱô򶨣ʲôô
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һ£ѾĲϣı£򲻹شɵɽûз
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̧ͷȥȴһֵһУŤŤļ˽СղСȥ緹ˣŸϻ
Сһӣʱͻˣƾʲôˣ
ɽ֪Ķðôӣ׼ӻ˰һߣʱ۽ͻȻһͷһȴһϨ

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ȻѪԣҲһʱ嶯˺ˣڳִ֮ǰоơһС֮ԼİģǷľһպٻ
ľȻ˽Ŀ̫̫ٳˣǽˣľһ꽻ɲ˵˵ĽΪһѡ
¼ľ״ľһԵ׸Ƶĳ͢УĪ˵꽻һɲʦ˹ϵһ㣬Ҳֹ¡
ľ볯еĹŶڽʶˣΨһ˾ѧ̫֡
һŴֶ֣̫Լʦ壬Ҳʮ־ʦ飬ȻΪԴΰ´󳼡
ʵ̫ۡõĴеϽɫʱ´СЦ飬绨ѩ£Ϲʱ´󳼲Ϲ
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֪̫Ӵԭ´󳼵ͷˣֻоһͷؽᣬһ䡰˲飬ܲ©˰ġ
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ƾʲôˣСթɽķҵһָ֣СٲһҰ
ɽ˵꣬СסˣЩٲأǵؿɲķͰҪʵĶࡣ
СֻһأȻûķ¾ͱģѼӲ͵ģһһ߽УСүǸСүסˣĻ
ס죡ɽЩܻˣһóһ鲼һСʱز
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ֱӴݵߵԺУ
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֮ǰݳĴǸ̫ӵģ
̫ʲôһССĲͷӣƽʱܽӴĴе޷ݡ
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˵Ը磬߰ɣҲû˿û£Сӹ򲻴ϲߺٺЦ˵
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ˣ
Ҳɵӣ뵽˸ղŴѵйأ
ɽһķˣ߻Ǻܲˬ׼䣬ʱǰҲһŻ⣬ͬǴһ⴫߲̱ڵϣԷĴֻһ仰̸ҹ
Ըܵ仰дɭɭ⣬ɣθ׻εһƤ
Ȼ˫һ̫ӣһ´ȻҲᷢһŴ˵дûôŭ¾ɻλ棬߾Ȼǵ˵̫үȻֻһ̫ү֪ʲôϵСܶʱֻΪһС£̫ѡ׵ʱųˣɱĶӡ
ɽ߽ӵϵʲôˣŵ£ɽŭˣˣס
Щ±ѵ⣬ŻŻŵȥɰȻȥӵʱЦҪץץҪűˣ˵һˣͲôýˡ


32 ѹ
ɽԺŻ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ԣһˣͲôýˡ
£òͷɽȻ棬ǸԼǰ;Сƨ
ɽһ֮ǰЦ˵ǴˮλСֵ˵ôһˣȫǳᣬᡣǼλСֵɰ󣡡
ʱȻûɰ󣬵СϵĲˣʲô£ЩӴľȲ٣СӦĺܿ졣
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С˵ǵﵽţƵ̶ֳȫûиţˣԼ¸
һˣݣ˭˭һˣӵ۱Сֵһȫ˳ȥ
Сү˵Ͱ˵žͷŵ𣿡СǳԲÿڵˣȻǵˡ
ɽưͳԻп˵ЦǰСֵܣ׾㿴ô㡭
СһᣬЩٲƽʱٺ»࣬Ȼеɫ룬ǮСҲϣǮû˼ôôأ
ʱСÿһʧǵԶߣСʱŭˣվס˭СߵģСү
Сһ˵ЩˤǱ˵ҪĶҷǾһجΡ
ڣ﷢ë˵ʲôˣٿߣˣҲ֪ʲôԿ϶ԱԼҪĶ࣡
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ôʣĵһһ۾ɣ
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пһ£ҧ˵ͷ
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ɿڵļɽظæǰ԰Сӽˡ
СһֺһɽƥСۼ⣬һ֪ϵȻȻԶԶȲǧѩǧȴ⣬ֵƽ
ˣǻȥҲˣƥˣƥУҾˡ
ɽСĻһ鶯İ֮ҧҧɽСֵϲߺˡ
ҾͲˡС˵ţһԾֵϣٺ٣ݣ
뿪ȺۣСãԵģŽˬⱲӴûôˬƽʱ۾ͷϵġ˴򻹵ţǲͷӸһĿ࣬ԹԷԼİŽп
ЦЦ˵ǽ˱˵ƣ˵˾ǺٻѣʲôˬģԼʵԼʵ£˸ۣǲŽˬ
£磬ҿûôԶ룬˵Ҳҿպµʱֵҵ㣬˭۸ˣҾͱţһǵĵӡ
УЦ
˾ֻǱȥ·񱼣һĹͻˡ㳡ɽ˺Ըոտʼѡ
һڵĵطȴе׺ȻѾ³ʱһѳĿ
б£С㡣һ̣д׵˾жʮԶȴڶ
ԪҪ߶Ԫмߵƿƾһ㿴֮ǰ۷Ϊ丮֮ˡ
ҪΪأֿʤҷͬ߾ʲô˲ģ˵һ쳬ңܺãҵ㣬һ֪Һ࣬עһˡ
һ𣿡ף΢Цȷʵһˡ


33 
丮ĲԵһжʮԿʼ󣬱ų˶ʮӣһ㳡ϵǲôӵˡ
ʮʯ丮Ĵſڣһʯֽڳˡ
ʱһԼĪʮ˿̨ҺãǲԵĿ֮һ棬һ±丮˵ĸſһΪ֣ȫͨΪϸ񣬿Խʱٽݿֳɼ䣬Լ츳ѡǰʮÿ˵Ľοˣһ赤
һ赤˵¿ӵܶ׷׾̾զ࣬һЩʵģ׷¶ϧƵı飬ΪעõһԽߣǾͻԽƣһЩʵǿģ۷Ź⣬Ħȭƣ·赤Ϊ׼Ƶġ
ЩҲһЩڵҩ飬ں赤Ҳ˽⣬ֵҩֻѴСúǹ裬ϸҩݰƶɵġԴʣΪͻƿ
ȻֻһһЩѪޣȻˣܸϹϵûһģһĺֶǶ֣
˹ĺֱͲ࣬ҩҲû˻ƣ˹赤
ʣҩģΪÿΪɸѡţᷢһЩҩֱѧУΪƷμӿˡ
Ҳ˵赤̫󣬵Ƿŵ˹ǾмеĶҵʵȨﶼΪۺ졣
޸˲ûи»˷ܻƵĿʱ䣬˵ο˶ԻһŽ߳൨裬ĵʮÿʮžԪ
߳൨ǰߵߵƶɣߵʳɫԵȻ߳൨費赤Ҳѵһҩġ
ĵʮľԪǾһˣ˵ԪؼʲôȣԪƽһţʮŲǧǰֵҩһƽƽδ¡
ĽԳŵĿ˷ޱȣһƺȲҪϳһˡЩԾԾԵŮһ£Цһԣһͬųеӡ
ĵЦЩǲ赤Ѿү֮ˣƾҲȾָ
΢΢һЦһҡ£δ˵´ǵϼ壬Ʒ츳Ϊسڣ´ǾӢһҪ֪´ǿһǣһ൱зġ
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˵䣬һݣɫ̨
һɫսףһ߳ȻǴ죬һ̨˸оΧ¶轵˼ȡ
ɭ
丮֮Ĵʦ֣
ɭȻܴ֪һԵСɭʲôˣ
СƽʱôģǶ鱨ԼΪԣ˵ɭ丮֮Ĵʦ֣Ҳ֮Ǹʮ꣬Ʒ츳۷壬ȥͽ֮ˣҪȥ߾սɱһ꣬սѹƣ˵ܿҪˡ
ʮԳԾһʮǰض͹ǾѾ˲ˣɭɱ磬Ȼڱ߾սɱˣͬбȻǸеĸ֡
ɭߵʯǰʾÿ˿֮ĴʦʾǹּôһЩΪŵĿǣ죬ˡ
ɭվʯǰҲʲô׼һӣֻá磡һʯ͵һζȶĳ߾Ŵϡ
ǧŰٽ
һƬ֮̾ɭƺûȫȫĻ϶Ҫǧ
ɼҲƤ΢ɭԼ
Сûʲôȵģ˳һǿļ֮һҪǴ򲻵ɼֵ֡
һǿļ֮һѵӮô
Сʼ磬˵ʵҲ֪ѧķǳӣɭרѧɱ˼ɱĻҿδӮұˣֻʮ꣬ɭʮˡ
С˵΢΢ͷ
ؾ磬ԽĲԽߵΪǧ绹ʮֵңԶ
˿ʼʱ̨ϵ˲Կʼ
꿼һԾԾԣĦȭƣȻĽӴʯȴ˲ٵѡߡ
Űٽ˰ʮ˰ʮβϸһ
ŰʮŰٽŰٽβϸһ
ٱˢȥĿѾǿﵽأ۷״̬ҲԴһǧȻ۷״̬ʱʱеģϿһţֻܴ˾ŰٽȻᱻ̭
һǧϸ񡣡ڵĶ鵮һϸߣλϸΪ˶ȭһʵҲףȻǿϸ񣬵ǵڶֻǺܱܿˢʮͨ丮˵ĵһҲһҫˡ
һǧٽϸ񣡡
Űʮϸ񣡡
һݷݳɼʧߴͷɥȻ뿪ɹ߻ǼޱȣǴ֮ȻһЩ˵ͨȻ
ʱһͻȻһС궯Ŀȥȴһµĸ߸վ˲ʯǰ׼
˭۵ǶˮǵƽصΪʵǿ
ЩδֹͣƽˣһʯϵĹ͵һͣϡ
ǧٽ
һ˹ǧȺзһ̾


34 þ
ƽѾʱˣŴǧٽѣѾʮˣһҲвҡҡӣƽտ˳ɼѡУ˵ҲҪ츳ƷԽС츳ƷԽߣԽߣһ㹻ʸ߾ͻĲμӿˣʮˡ
үˡ
š彫һգݸӡ
ߵʯǰܿϳ
´ǵ壡
һĿĿⶼ˹һȺУпһѡΪʵǿ󣬶Сֻʮꡣ
Ҫһ㣬츳ߣ
ΪƷ츳Ʒ츳ʵҲָ£Ʒϵȣʮѵá
վʯǰһ³Ϣγߣı־
Χ̲ס̾ˣսؾߣʮ꣬Ҫ찡
ţڵķ඼Ԫţǿ˵ʩչ似ҲΪ೸סɣķѪŨ೤Ѫĳڽ£ǿ˲ֹһ㡣ѾߣɲΪսھ
˵䣬Ѿȭˣֻá¡һʯ͵һ𣬹âͣĴϡ
ǧİٽ
һླҲǧأұֻʮܴ꣬ﵽǧİٽ˾ˡ
ȻδӾлعһĶַһ󾪺һļΪ׳˶ӲʯǰոѾȭϣʯĹȻͣĴϣǧİٽ
ļ¼յͱƽˣλ¼꣬΢˾ȻԼһҲصΪ
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ʱȻϻԴȴΧŮ߳ͷļȳ˻Ҫʵ
Ī
ܶͱ˴ܶ౶ʮϡ٣׳˶Ȼ͵ġ
ȻҲ׳˶꣬һΪ⣬ߵսɲǹ⿴ģ룬ԪԽԽҪ߲١

һĽУֳ˼һǧ˾Űٽ۷֡
丮Ҫʮ굽ʮ֮䣬δﵽ۷Ѿǳˡ
żҲصĴǧĳɼкüﵽǧٽ
ʱֵ
ʯǰοҪϾܶ࣬ȻŲ壬ʲ̫ࡣ
ƷƷϵȣϣԺܴ
ÿһֿˣȫԸ
һеһԪĬĬתͬԪʼ۵ȫļС
˿ᲢãĬšеɣͻȻĿһԭɵһǿһȻȲȴͬһ˳ȥ
䣡
һȭʯģ͵һҵȶǧ߰ٽϡ
ǧٽӺõĻǧ߰ٽҲϡ档
ǧ߰ٽüһ
ԹԣҰްٶٽﶼܸ׽ˣ
ԣԣһأ𣿡
Χ۷׷ףܿϳʶˣʱǰڹٵϣһְֳٽʿǹ糵һˣһûһħһ㣬ԭ޹ˣ
񱻹ٸˣôֻˣ
ǵУ֮ǰʹǧİٽɼ׳˶Ҳ˹׳˶¶һѺõЦ⣬û뵽һοлߣмϧζ
忴һۣ΢΢üᡣ
磬СĶðģְѷķͷˡߵһ˵
ûʲô˲ģɼĺãмˣĴɲǹ⿴ģȻǳϡУպдɾ͵ûм
ĸοѾ϶ԼõһͬǹͷȲˬ
˵ĶԣպԽԽԪֻڿʼãСҲ⼸ܷˡʱظ͵
ֵ֮СˣŲʯСʯǰŤŤ˰죬ֱٶȵе㲻ͷˣСŹֽһһȭʯϡ
һ죬ʯĹ˼α㲻ˡ
üС߰ʮλᡣ
ɼʵе㣬һŰٽ߻˭Ҳеûͥ¶ˣСȻ̬ܺãԱͶıĿ⣬һŤŤڶΣ߰ٽ
Σ߰ʮ
ʣСֻʧˡ
С̬ãʮ꣬ϰָĿʮ֮ǰ丮ˣСѹûͻڣΨһǱסϵĺͷѡ
Ҹ¹̥ûôС̨ʵ
˰ҪȻҾʹٶС޹ʼ磬ֱ
ҲԼ֮ǰõĳɼҲ˰ʮ̶̿ȿɲСܱȵġСǸʱٽͲˡ
Ʒ츳ҳʮ丮ʵ̫ˣµһֿ˶ͨ
ԳһŽ羭ݵϢĿ˼С
ΪϢʱ䲻࣬򵥵ĳ˵㣬ԴƬ̣ȥ˹㳡
ڶǻþأ֮ġ
һ;Ҫ츳в֧֣Ҫ֮ġ


35 ̨
ν֮ģǴҴͣ壬а޹أ֮ʵ־ľġ
иֿѡΣաջǲᣬ׶֮ģϰ䣬Ӷǰ
ЩֻΪٻɫȮ֮ǰڵҲûʲôһڣǵĶͻɥʧ룬ΪֻҪѾ㹻ʳӵŮ˹вߣΪڷһֽȻѾǧͻڣȴֵסɫջֹڴˡ
þһزΪֻ֮ģԴʮģûеõħҲʮɰհһء
ʱͨһصдԼһˣ̭볡֮㳡˺ܶࡣ
СҲѾʧȥʸֻڹٵˡ
һСȻ˲٣һۿ˶Է
СҲ˴ĴָЦЦͷ֮ʱȴĿһͣڹٵϵȺУһŮӰŮһɫͷϴһŮñһ۵ĽĵĿԼ
˲ϳŮ¡
Ŀֻһͣ˻֪ӵĻֻͽµΣ͵ûɡ
вûʲôϾֻ֮Լûе̸ۼ޵ĳ̶ȣֻһͨŮܻѡ
ʱȺе²֪ѾԽ쵽ҪҪãʵڲмǣң֪ĵ׺òá
֮ǰżʷֽڵĳ͸еᡣ
һԣĳ֧Լϰ䣬ֲǾ޵ţ΢ĻҪⷿԷҩ׾ݳ̶ȣҩֻʹ߲ݣ߲ݣ¶֧Ͼͻ°ˡ
뵽»ۣȷʵϲϲļǿִţϲʱʵСվһȺϼĻǰ汣ԼʱָжͰȫС
ǣЩжվ޷ĳЩ
ǸƯŮʳڣҲãҾ䲻ңҲʵŮɱĻһԽУ߹Ŀȸһ㣬޷˵Լƽ޸һ¥ϰ̶̶ʮഺ󴹴ȥ䰮վˡ
룬Ĳ롣
ԣѡףΪҲûҵĹϵ丮׻ŵŪ㹻ҩڣڵջ¸޷ֵ
һ磬¶Щ겻ᣬվû˵ԼˣΪѡţֻҪѡ͸ûؼˣؼƽƽɿģȴ룬վ˺ϸߵĶ顣ͬʱֵġ
ȵȻƷ츳Ͳڵļʮͻء
ĵֳɾͿ϶Ǹ޷Ŭô˶ٰˣ᲻ʮͲзϡ

ֵһؿ˵ٶȳ֣¿һ̫Ŀлˣȥ̨
Լ˾ŰŮƺƵĽ丮Ĵš
丮ɽûиߴ಻ľ¥Щ¥󾭹ƣΧɽˮĻںһ̾
һ˴һյ蹦ǰһƬ̵ĺǺ䣬ûһ˿ĳ棬Χ˴ʱոвٴҶӣ˳ǣôҶȴûһƬҶƮС
̴룬һƬɵ̨̨밶оʯٲȻһ˼ɾ
֣ھ̨ʮԶĵطһͤںͤаһʯʯвˮɹʱмˣ߻һŮʯΧµ
澹Ȼľ
΢΢һô
ľ׷΢΢һЦҲ¶һѺõЦݡ
΢Цĸоľ׵Ҳ򵥣м˵Ϣñľ
Щ˶Ǹ֣
ûЩмľ׵ѣ˹͢Ŀ䣬֮⣬丮ĳϣÿεԣǶĦһ£ûкӡ
ǿҪ츳֮ģÿ걨Կ츳͸ˣò⣬Ϳˡ
ο츳ǲǿ⣬ǿƷϵȡ
Ʒ츳˹νʮһûҲƷϵȾͺܲˣƷҲպϣƷʹһЩ
һزûʲôÿģЩ丮ĳǾûе츳ǿˣǿЩû֮رͦˡ
ȥɣסģ־أͨ޸˵ˡ
ϾʯţǴʱﶼЩģһزʵжеˣһ㿼֪ԼļǶ٣ЩպѹߵĻ·Ӳ۷ˮ׼Ѿǹǲû̫ţεĻþˣȴˡ
þǵвǰûԹ浽龰һҲûУ˵һص̭ߵģﵽųɡ
ʮдһ
Ҫ֪ǿɶͬеٮٮߣССģܿͬɫģСͯŵųģǾôһȺˣþ˹ȴҪ̭ô࣡
һغܿ£
̨ʮϢʱ󣬿˿ʼ˵ȻԶȴĴÿѧĶУԪĹɱˡ
ɣһߡ
ߵ̨ϣһԶΧ۵ȺȻзµӰһȻ˿ûԼᱻ֡
̾һȥϥ̨ϡ


36 ֮
̨֮ȻǺɣû˿⣬֬һޱȣϸ̨ܷϿиַӵ·Ȼơ
̨һ󣬾˵Ǵȵļֿģлþʵ졣
ģþϾǻþֻҪסģþޱߣԿȻ
һ̣ڰ̨ϣľǰδеĿ
ʮϢʱһֻΧһǿеĿˣҰֻܿԼ
һƬޱ޼ʵĲԭĿȥޱ޼ʣʱһȺ޴һ˸ߵĸ߲д˳ֱ
ʮͷޣȻǰǹһޣм𶯣ƹ
治ɫֱЩ

޴ȻȻ޴һ˲䣬ȷʵܵһɺǿҵĳкѹȻ֪ǻ󣬵޷ָо·һĿ־塣
ǻЧô֪ǻȴȻʧ棬һʧͲ֪ǻˡ
Ļ棬ɱ˻󣬱ֱڻþȥ
Ȼȹһصʱ̨ȴʮ׹⣬תۼ䣬ʮ˱ͳ̨ڰϣЩһɫ԰ףƤǶʧ˻þһʧͻԼҰ˺ƬƬϹǳµĳԽԽ£վʧأ˳
ͤϵļ丮ĳϿʮ΢΢ҡͷþһԵһ;Σأô㵨ӶûУʲô䣿
ľףʶǸСһﹻģ˲͹ˡͤе֪ľ׺ʶľײûϵĳɾͣС
ľֻ˵ǹ֮οСɳˡ
֮ǰһؿ˵Ҳ˺ͤУΪһ˱ֹڳڣҲע⵽ֻ˲üָƽ
ˣеĽҧأеɫȻڻþиЩ޴ս
ڻþУԽ㣬ִԽǿԽǿ󣬷֮ԽСЩ޿ս˵еûη̩ɽڵϣƾҰԼرģơ
ֲרСӣ֮ĺܲɭеһˡһ˵
ľֻЦЦ˳ͨһһҲ⡣
ҲڰбȽϣȻ츳ԶԼ֮ȴᶨ˾ȣһؿǷһֽţֻ˼Ϣʱ䡣
ʱѾ˵ڶء
ڶأ䣬˲ɱսΧʬɽѪнꪣ׹ɭɭ
սϣͻȻźԶʱ̳ͻȻؼףֳֳǹ֧ӣ֧ӾȻҪԳ壬ǡǡǳɱ롣
ǧһɱźֱرģҲһξΪֲĻôһ㲨׼صġ
ǣǧûɱѾɷɻңƣ
ţˣûƣһϿЩ˼飬СӾȻüͷһ£ҪǿƷĵâΪʧЧˡ
СӲ򵥰֪ܶ೤ʱƹأܸɭĻǾ˾ϲˡ
þأһȫҪһʱʮɼõı֮ɭһʱأ丮ĳϴгԾΪɭ˻춼ҪСʱ
ɭ󣬼һѪɱ֣Եգµġ
ɭҲ֤һ㣬ʮ꣬Ʒµȵ츳Ϊ֮Ĵʦ֣Ʒϵ츳˶ԶԶ˦˺档
ڻ˵ѵںءһź˵ɭļ¼ôƵġ
ʱڻУѾ˵أǧȻʧΧĳ䣬һ񶰵ĴУĴůɴѬˡ
ЩɫɴУȻʮŮ裬ЩŮ񻣬ò߻ţȻ׷׿½һʱдɫޱߣΣź۳ҰϢ֮䣬˵㡣
һ˲䣬ȷʵеͻȻһȣѪҺټӿ죬ܿͽѹ£ٴμرġ
ȻЩŮȴûʧȴǲˣ׷׼·ȥΧһ䣬һܰľң󣬿ǽһźľڴһ컨ӣ£ͷӵŮӣŮԼĪʮֻ꣬͸¶һӺݻʣòȻ˼ֳģµӰӣ
¡
һʮ£
ԣޡŶ裬ڴһһӤ̥Ӥòмơ
ƺ֪һӤĴ۾Цţ޼ɵͯߣֱ顣
Ҳ΢Цſ촽磬ˣ˯ɡ
һ̣ºһӤЦݣ֮ƺһ㶯ҡӣŮԣܰļҡ
ԼҪģ
Ѿõˣͣˡ
ͷͻȻͻȻѣҧ⣬ʹ˲ָ
Χ䣬ºӤʧˡ
ſյĺڰ˰亹Щʧˣ
뵽ղеĻӰ̾һȥˣѾȥˣ
ҲԼ룬Ѿȥˡ
ȥ𣿡
һƮһһɴ᳤ŮԼŮʳΪ˵òдһˬӢ

סˣŮӷֻ곤һЩŶʮͷӡ
Ȼȥˣô˫ޣһȥ̽Σ˵ϵ·ʧһʱ׿Լľ۵ף


37 а
֮ŮվԼǰ־ᶨҲǺ΢ͣѪӿϾŮ֮·棬һδµѡ
ʱѾĻڱ˱ǣֳǿҵĳ֮ġ

Ӱ
˫ĿĬԪķرġ
һҲϲô
崺꣬Ƥһ£ȻɲΪ
һ̾ϢΪ֮꣬ЩԹվȥ
ֱʱΧľŻʧعƽ
أˡ
һĶѾ
غȻܹھĵ׵ͷԼ֮ĲǺԼ̫ˣ˷أܺ㡣
ţСӹˣһʱ̣аˡһ߿˿һ¯һյ˴롣
СӵǸɭͬɭأֻ˼Ϣʱ䣬Сȴð㣬а˳װϲĹһƲɭļ¼ˡһߺǺǵЦ˵ЦЩζ
ٺ٣ԹӢ۰Ů̫ˣһϲѪյСӣɭһʵеܲˣһҶûš
λϵЦΪֲͬһСȻò廰һֱţʱȴͻȻðһֵͷ֪ڻþεĹ˭
Ĺأ޵УΧһƬҰͻƣɺѪУΧǰɫѪиһ̶Ĺޣ޾ҽǵص
ôЦһתţһɺȻԪȻɢ
ʥ䣬˵Ϊս̱ģаնħ
ȻЩת£а֣
磡Щɷɻҳʧ
͹ˣ
þأһԵڶؿعĹħع̱ġ
ǰرȽϼ򵥣صѶ˶죬ɭͿ˵ĹħأҲΪɭɱħأѪɱ˴ʱ䣬ǿնħ
Ȼȫûħ
˼ǳѵãĹأ˴룬ǸӡһԵ̾

ʱƣԽԽĿ˳ȥһصڶػãӵؿʼȥĿԼ̨࣬ϵĹâһһ
ڲԶһֱעı䲻˵һֱݣȴʼռᶨȫƱĿݻŤ԰ף
һ̣˵ĸо֪ҲҪˣþˣֻʣһοˡ
þһأû뿪ȻѪУѪͻȻ
¶Ѫˣһݴӳص׷ըѣѪƺ˹ҽ
һ̷ĸܵǹɱѪҺݵĵʹУȻ֪ǻ󣬵ʹȴʵޱȣ˼Ҫ˵ͷ
ǰĹضǻû뵽ʹСҧأ߲֡ݵĿԼˣʱʹԼҲˣ㲻ʲô
ţѪͻȻȼ˴𣬺ɫĻ棬ȼգ
ĸоһ˵ˣۿŻֳͨ˿˲˵
ͻȻһ
ҵıǷɶ˻𣬱Σ֮ã
䣡
һ̣һлΪޣվܣȻصǴ̨ϣΧŮǻ죬Ѫɫ
ȻվľȻһһ¯㻹ʣһСΣ
躮ļ¼ˣ
ҲǳԾޱȣҲþأ֪еȻ츳ﵽ˹žƷ츳Դþû̫İСʱûһʱʵ˲š
˲ã˲ã֮ƽˣһصĳɼΣһͷʸֿ˵Ůӡ
ǧ߰ٽ˵һֿ˵ĵһŮӵȻǵá
ŶͷˣеʵƷ츳
ͷôʣŮӻûشľѾ˵ˣƷеȡ
ֻƷͷһ㵣ҡͷ̾ϧϧƷ츳ȻƵ丮ȴײˡ
Ȼľȴʱ츳һһУſɣ֮
ľ׿϶˵֪츳ҲǴоȣΪŪˣѾȡõĳɾͣѾǺܶһ޷ﵽˡλǰȻѡһзǷ֮
Ȼľ˵Ŀ϶л΢΢ҡͷ츳δĳɾ̫ҪãƷе츳дĲ֧֣Ҳֹڶѡ
̨뿪ԶԶĿǸ֮ɫȻ֪־ᶨȴҲû뵽ô͹ˡ
ͬʱҲ֪ˣϰǲˣ־ᶨ˼¡
뿪̨󣬱㱻ӭӵϢңʣһء


38 
߱ͬȵĸ϶ȡ˹֮⣬֪Ϊͨһ㾧Ө͸
һ߲㣬ÿһ㶼оܵ󷨣Ҳһ
̨ϵĻ̨ͬĻֻǻ󣬶Ļȴǻɱ
ɱԿþɱˣڻɱеΪԼˣˡ
ȻֻǿˣɱˣһʧܾͻԶ˳
棬ʹñףֻʹͨһжֻܿԼıˡ
ʱƣ̨ϵԽԽ٣һâһʧ߱ԭİ˾ŰѾ̭߳ˣһص߶̭ˡ
ͳʱǸصɫȻѾβμ丮ˣû뵽ʧܣѾʮ꣬ζ˵Ѿһλˡ
ֱСʱȥ̨еڶ۾˳һһ԰֮ɫվıѾˮʪ
Ʒϵ츳塣
վһҪѰڵһֿѹͷ׳˶ȻֻŤڻþп׳˶꣬ȴǷһ˿ȻЦ⡣
ȻԱ뵽ϢңѾڵϢɫʱΪѾ̭ˣû뵽Ȼһͨ˿ˡ
һ
еһΣûϢ˳Ϣңҵӣȥ飬һﵽǼƷ츳
ע⵽Լĵ⣬̫ˣ˴˼䶼ǾϵյһĽֻһݡ
ģϢҵԽԽ࣬ڶѾӽβ
ͨڶֿ˵һǾʮˣȻ̭˾ųɣ
ûиЩǿͨ˵̫ʱϢһֿϿʼˡ
ͨһؾ丮ĵӣͨǰ
أ
һپȺεĿٻһݵˣòͨȻȻ¶һļµƣֻǿһ۾ͿԿ϶˾һ֣Ѿ졣
п丮֮ǰԼص߶ûڣǼĺ־֮ˡ
Ҳ˹ĵطǻʹҲԪ˧丮ĺִ˹֮⣬ܶȵĵӡ
˵ţתߡ
ʮλϣһЩۿ˵ȻҲˣڶֵֿ˿ɲ˶ܹۿģЩҪô壬Ҫô丮ѧ
˵ĲƲ죬ȴͬܣǲòܸϡ
һٷʱ֮˴ɽһɽȣɽ֮УһΰĽڽŵдĸ֣󡱡
УԿһߴʮɵ߱
øߣ
ĵһͷڴ֮ǰûôߵĽʮɣȴֻ߲㣬ƽһɸߣҪ˵ĵɣΰҲϵ߱һˡ
ڣǿԽȥˣʱ䲻ޣͨһ㼴ΪϸͨڶΪãͨ㣬ͨĲΪţͨ㣬ٺ١һЦһȺ˵θںɫһ˵ܡ
˵ĻЩЩЩˣǷһ˿ЦһȺ׳գΪôùġ
丮Ŀ֣һֿڶֿ֮ģֲҪģʵսų̶ȣ
νų̶ȣȵľͬһεʱۺսж١
ǻɱеĵ˵ǿǸݿߵĹҲģÿһ죬ĵ˱ǿһ֣
ô丮ֻһ˲μӿʱͨ˵㣬˲֮Ĵʦɭǿˮһ
Ʒ츳ɲǿЦģܶ˲֪Ϊȴ֪۷塣
ɭΪ൱ȴСɭ꣡
ȻԴ󣬵ûԴΪԼԺһϸߵ͵ĳ̶ȣͨĲˡ
߱ӿһɺǿҵս⣬˵һ֣ڶֿ˶ģ޷ֳʵ޴ʹĸоֿ˲ʵʵڵıս
ɡսȫۺ棬ţԼֿһˣ
ȥɣֵʵȡǵ䡣Ӵһӣ߱Ĵ֮ˡ
εĴţ⻪תһ˽ȥ
ʱȻҲ˿ֳԶԶıӰôĿʧ߲ʴС
ǺǣҲܹע
䲻Լʦһʣем˵ĪǱսмŵġ
ţսȷʵ㡣ܵڼ㣿
˵ʮ꣬ΪڶѾˣʵǿпܹ㡣룬˵ѾǺܸߵˣҪҪصΪ
˵ûܾпܻһЩϲ
ľ۵ʱɽһ۵Ľ䣬ҲԶԶıӰĿǸ֮ɫ
Ϊ丮ĵӣȻȨйۿˣһֿˣֻҪͨˣͻΪ丮ʽӡ
ڵ״̬ܴĵһˡ
û뵽ֱ꣬˵ĳɳ
Ҫһ丮𡭡¾в֪Ǻζ
ʱȻȥ˵˼Ѿ˻ɱС
һĿ߾ȻʧˣֻܿԼ
λһƬɫĿռУղ˵㷱ǣǺɫļӲʯʱǰԶһŻɫĹӰʵһֳֳߡ
ǵ𣿡һжϳԷΪسڡ
˸ղ˵ֵʵȡԼ䣬Լʮ˸£˵ΪǳأЩĿԵĵʵȻߡ
ʮ˵ͨ˿ˡ
˷ʱ䣬һͷýıһ˳ȥԪתԪע⣬һ־ɱУ


39 
滹кö㣬˷Ҫһ嵽ߣõ˵һĽ赤
ۼǻӰóȥȻٶ̫ˣߵĳؿ֮ǰѾصһȭӡߵؿڡ

ع̮Ѫ
׾ٵĹ˵һ㡣Ȼʵʹ󳬹ͬߣοӰΪֻسڡ
ڶ㣡
ڵĿռ䣬һΣǰһͷޡ
һޣ
һ޻Ͽ൱صߣǰǶϬʵһбȽϲģ൱۷ߡ
ϬȻʵһ㣬ΪϬţƤͣǿһ߾ʵҲҪһֽš
ҪأȻ˷һһѺɭɭ޹ǵģԺ֮˶ϬľṹϵĸҲı˳
Ϥ޵㵹ơ
ʱ򣬶ϬͻȻһ˹Ȼǻռ䣬ȴʵĸоĺ¡¡𶯡
ɱɲһеĻûɱֻˣֻҪסģվŲû𣬶ɱɲһվŲ
ۿϬһȻԾԾƺܹŹ֣Ǻģһ򼸺ŵ棬ڶϬӴӹһ˲䣬һֻͳŵ棬ͬһֻŵ漲ɵһ㣬һٶȻϬĸ
̧֣
ۣ
޹ǵжϬȸߴλǶϬĵطһǶϬĸڡ
һ࣬һѪ쭳Ϭһʹ˻Ӵ͵һˤڵء
Լһɹ̾ı棬ϬṹȻʵĶϬһģһصĽз˶Ϭ飬ԲŻЧ
һɹˣȻɱϬѣҪԼ֮ûϢʱġ
ϣϬʧѪԽԽ࣬Ҳʼٻʱ׼ᣬһȥֻáۣһϬһĸҲˣ
սѾǶϬ֮ʱسײ󼸴Σڲʵĵ¡
˵㣡
Ŷ˽ˣ棬Ͽ󷨷ȻѾʼתˣֻǲ֪ĵ˭
Ӧ壬ʵıӦǿģʵҪ֮ϣֻռһС֣ɡսһñС
ڴ˻ͣڵһ㣬ܳϵȷʵ
Щ۵ʱһ˳ϵ㣬ֻʮĹ塣
£ڵڶԵĶ࣬Ҳһͷһޣ൱۷ʵ
ǳأͬеٮٮߣȻǶ֣Ƥ廹Ƿ˲ԪŸɵ
ûϢ˵Ķֳֳ֣سڵʿ
ҧҧɫԸͬʿõҪͬʱ˼Ԫģ򴳵ؾˡ
ȫԪ׼ʩչҴľСŵԡսپ

ʱҲ˵Ķ֣سڵʿ
࣬û뵽ֻǵҪĶ֣һصصѶȿ֪һûʱϢ޹˵ͨزˡ
һתԪһСĶǰʿ˲ҲֵûָȻԪĵĺ١
Ȼ߲ᣬһԾһһһɱ
ߵٶޱȣĬһֳֳɨ̣ܣʱһ߱ڿתһ˲䣬һؿڡ
ȣ
һͻȻһţֱߵ󣬡꣡ߵֱӱ߶ϣ
ȻӰƺûиоʹһһһƳȥӰŴ󿪣ȫֻأͬھʽ
ʱþδ֮ʣۼԷôƴĴ򷨣ԪǿתӲһԪһȭȭཻһ
³һѪ
ֻѪӿ׾ѹȥ˿ûˣǼˣͷԾӰȻ˵ͬеٮٮߣҲ֣ҼȫƴʽеϣԸ൱ļ֣ؼ⻹ֻǵ㣬滹еĲ㡣
ȻгԾĶȴ˿ûͣͣһؾ˲䷴ȥ˲ĻӰһþʱ͵һȭֱš
Ȼʱһ߳أеĳһնҪɱ
ȣȵľ㣡
ղһȭֻ𹥣ͻȻת޹ǵһᣬֱӭߵĴ󵶡
磡Ľ
ذ׿󵶣ȴ˿·磬ֳ˵
Ұܣ
һһȭӳߵѣ
һ죬Է߹ݣܵػ
ɵһ֮һѾ˵ȻΪݣֻǼб˶Էֹǣһ
㣬ˣ
һɳϿĲķʱһüһĲˣŰʱ䣡


40 ͻĲ
һɳϿĲķʱһüһĲˣŰʱ䣡
壬򵥣Щϵ嵽Ĳ㣬ֻû뵽ô죬ôȥ˵ܹƵĲ㣬̤㣬ȻͲˣɼҲ԰ˡ
ǲ֪ɽΣɼҲˡɽ׳˶ֻ꣬ͬʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ΪأͬʱʵĶԱȾԲ
λϿҪǸǾвˡ
٣ȴֻأأصı־Ԫ࣬ķϢƳҪصǿöࡣ
ɡսٶʲôҲȣǵҲֻٽѣ಻Ǻԡ
ֿˣһˡ
ֿռҪһټ츳Ҳôο˵ĵһ塣
ȻʱʵڵսʮѲһǲҪɱУѾ˾ţ֮ŸɵһԼҲһСˡ
ģôô̬˼ҴɱСŵԡɱһôȥԼĲϣԽԽãˡżڵԪѾĵɡþ޷ʹòԪĵҩֻܿڵʢѪһһĲˡ

ΪԪĶǵʱͬΪ˷ɲڣѣѪʢԪĵĸ졣
ҺġԪﵽһСɣ׹תԲϵĲڵԪȻﲻϢĵزҲԴ󻺽ѹ
ʱǰĶͷһޡܡ
һǿǶϬǱȽģֻ൱۷ߣȴ൱۷ߣһͷ
Ŀޱأڴ֮ǰû۷Ķֽ֣ȫûףοһԶ
ҪǣĹԪҲˡ
һԺлŹܵһϡ
ܣǧϣٶżӲǼףǹ룬㡭
Ȼ˵û㣬Ҳֻ˵У㣬ǾڶǼཻ֮СС϶
Ƿ϶λڹؽڴȲһָڼҵսҪЩطĶ˲ж;׼ĳ֡
ЩӵеģԴԪĸ֪һ̨ףж;׼ĳҲɵһ
ͷܣǰǰ۷ӦܴӦοʱ꣬ױضгȻҲ䡣
ͷսȼա

һͷ͵شӵԾ𣬺ʵص
ֹܵǧܱһ֮Ī˵һˣһͷҲҪ˵
ĿһȻ˷ͬһֻһбǰӹȥ۾׼ͷܸӲ׵ĽӴһն£
꣡
ֻǼ򵥵һȴ֪һ׼ȷĻǼ֮䣬Ȼٶ죬ȴûбּٶ˻
һ̣һգ㵯ָʱ䣬ѪѾ
𣡡ܷŭˣһ˹

̭˲ʮˣεĺϸʮ㲻һ丮ĳϿЩͳĿ˵
һȫյķЩϱһ֣󷨴ңҲûڷ飬ֻܸݿͳʱڵĲжϿͻһ㡣
Ǵһ㱻ͳģôֱ̭Ϊϸ
Ϊֹ˿ʼѾһӵʱˣеȻ͹˵һ㣬еʼ㣬Ĳ㡣
ֻʣûһϻһ˵꣬˱˳ǵλ㣬Ȼǹʱʧˡ
µȴֱȥѽʧȥ֪
صĸ֣һ۷壬ڲʱ˴ǧٽĳɼȻϧ˵վ˵㣬һʮ꣬һʮ꣬ûͻ㣬ɼҲֵýˡ
˱ʱһ˫ȥȻ˲ͷֱˣǲ
ʮΪֹʮˣÿ˶ûζУ
ҧ촽һ˫дżֻ֮ɫ
ͨѾͨ˵㡣
Ĺ˵㣬Ǳһҫ丮УʷУ˵ˣﵽ۷塪ڣ
ֻҪЧֱ͢ӷȻλֻһӾǾλɸλһλǿϮġ
оλǹ壡˹ƺűҫΪһ֮٣ǹҫ¶
ʱһ˳ǴӵĲ㱻ͳġ
ζѾͨ˵㣡
곤˸ŨüۣɽѾȫƴ˲ͻ˵أؼûͰˡ
ɽǸӣҲֵࡣ
ţ൱ھʣˣ塣
ֵܼҲ൱ˣʵɽǿһЩ֮ĶսҲаͨĲ㻹ϣã
ţ˵Ҳס

ۣһնѪŵ淭ȥ㿪ܷŭ˻
ʱͷѾѪܣÿһͷʮʮǹǼཻĵطȻ˿ڲʧѪģ
ڣͷΪʧѪ࣬жԻ
ᣡ
ҶеĲ׽ͷʧѪƣ¶ԱһһԾ
𣡡͵һȴڶܵͬʱ޹ǵֱӴܵ۾
ѪҺɽܷŭʹʱֳȭһȭ˵ϣ޹ǵ类ȥ׶һ㣬ֱӶܵ衣
ͷֱ


41 
ˣһ丮Ͽߵɳ©Щȵ˵
ѾڵĲ˲̵ʱ䡣
ʱ丮ǰķѾϨˣֻеĲ㻹ţ֤˶ڵĲս
ԽԽ˼ˣ嵹֮УֻҲܼôã˲ţƷ츳أʵܵĲ²ֻô򵥰һźӣоսеǿˣ޷͡
ʱľ׿ˣ˵ʱһ˵սԳƲ⣬ԼߵսţЩʵ츳ʯⲻġ
ľû˵иʦ飬һͨ칦ʦǣ̫ණ
ţľ˵ǣȷʵһЩսţΪ似Ҳһ㣬ȴƾսɺսֱʤǿսϵվޣԵһɣƾ輼ɣʵһΣ˾Ͳˡ
ľЦЦ뿴ȥɡ

һȺ۵ʱ廹ڵĲսΪǳأȻսȴһ۷߶ҪǿԵͷ۷ܡ
Ȼα׾ֶεһǶԷֲͳǿķȴޱͷۡ
ҪǱһ£ǾǹǶϽ۵³
һóμҴѧӲɱһͷܣȻڵԪҲĿݽߣܵǿĿļҴѧ
ۼһͷܳ巢һŭȻһԾֳֳݺݵĴ̽ܵſѪУ
ܻףֻ۾㡣
һܵʲȻͬʱҲһҧϡ
ۣ屻ŭصĻؿڣֻоؿڷ·𱻴󴸻Уһڡ
ֻСһ׷ɳˤڵ߻أǿȴͻһѪѪл⣬ǾƬ
ҪΪླ磬ԪػһֱҪ
Ȼ˱ҲùʺѪ裬϶ǻ˶ã֮ǰȻпɱ壡
һѪĹһҪȻβڵĳɼҲõһǹ˵ĹصĻڼĵλȻٽһҲǳӣ֮λҲĪˡɼҲܶסǰϲͣٶԸ׵ҵԴָֻš
뵽һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼƴʱ֪÷ѪĥսʼʩѾ̴˵ڶͷܵ衣
Ĳ㣬ˣ
һڵ˵ˣҲһ㣡꿼ٳ֮ΪԽһ㡭

û뵽ֵܼһʱ⣬ǵĲЩȡ
Ԥള㣬Ѿ൱ߵˣȴڵĲ㶼ôãȥĲ㶼ûпܡ
ҴʱΪѾأԸĲͷʵصޣȻ̫ѣǣֻ۷Ļ򲻿ڵĲôõġ
нԼԱȣܴ㿿ΪͬΪ£ȻĶ֡
ѾСʱˡһԱߵɳ©
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һĻﳤеĲ豭㶼ˣˣ
ôСʱ´ѵһţ
ɼʮС㡣һ˵֮俴һۣȴת֪ʲô
ˣӾǳ֮Ʒϵ츳ҵĴ丮бֳɫõϵѧĻѡ丮ĵӣҲпܵģ壬൱£
һ˵䣬ĲͻȻһͬʱһӰһ屻˳
ﳤĿһæˣסˤˡ
ѾСʱרŸ˵ҲЩƣﳤϲųѡǻɱ󣬿ڻþСɱŻᱻһ˲俼ΪԼѾû֪ģÿһ㶼ɸߣĲоɸߣûκ֪ˤҲԲ
˵ȵĽסӰһѾɫ԰ףŤ亹졣
ΪòŤеۿ˵һɳϺòײſ˵ӣ˲䣬ȫɵۡ
⡭˺ǡ壿
ϳ̧ͣͷһķţ⡭ѵ֮ǰ
丮ĳǶסˣ֮ǰ̾ľҲò˼飬ֻ۷Ϊ˴磡ȴһ̤㣬Ѿ˼ʮʱˡ
ĵ㣬תһΣѵΪҲ׷Լô
ʱھԶɽȽ䣬ҲŵȻķĿЩʧͻ㱡˵㣿
丮㣬Դӽֻһ˳ɹͨ˵ҲһЩƽһһÿһ˾޵֮պڼǰ϶顣
һɲͻȻãױҲ˿ˣȻûм֧֣պֻҪ̤ڣɷ

ʱ㣬ŵĿֲȴǿЦȻͷޣ
ȻֻǶбȽģʵҲ൱صߣˣͷ޻а˸Сܣ൱۷ߡ
ʮͷվһĹǼףʺ·ȾѪһķצݣһжһɳɷһʵ߿ƾͻ᲻Լ˺ƬĳûսӾˡ


42 һѡ
ȻᱻɷѹǣҲԼܻʤˡ
˵ͷޣ˸СܾͲԼܶԸ˵ģȫʢҲУοѾ˲Ԫ
ףȻԼҲ̤㣬Ʒ츳ܽӽˣʵԶǰӲͨһ㣬뵽ٿɷʮʮͷޣип
Ʒ츳֮Ů
һĻعƣҪΪһﵽ۷壬ôһ˿Ӯұ뾭һս
ȴڰǰѾͨһˡ
ֲ꿼˵һ㲻ͨ
ȷʵ޷ͨȻˣôɱǶٰɡ
Ȼ־ܣʵսĻǲɶõģʵıУ͸֧޵սԼһߵսĸоЩǲɶõı顣
սɣۼ޳һһһͷͷԺͷǲģĿͷ޵İ˸СܣƤ϶ԸˣѡͷȻܸߣǷԴ
ۣһĸͬʱֱֻһΪĳļһ飬̵Щ֡
ˣ
ʯ֮䣬һһĳСͷ޵Ĺⳤٶȿ磬ҷ絶ֱӹᴩߵ塣ڰӲŤ壬Ȼ뻹ǲĴȣƤ
һ̣оȷ·һ㣬ʹüһֻǲһ¾ҪǱ鵽ǻ˵á
һٵĹǰֻһѾΧ˲佫ΧģΧֻҪЩҰһɱͿԽ˺ѡ
ãһЩһǾ޴ˣǧһ֮ʣ˫̤棬ն̵Ϊǿ
𣡡һҲЩþҰ޸η֮ġ
ۣһ̽ʺȻҲצץһӣҪɣԪţһƶǲɡ
һͷѪĸˣԪҲĵһɣû뵽ѶȣһӱȵĲ㷭ʮ

ˣѾˣڼ֣ǲ˼顣
ţȻֻӣʱԪʣĲ࣬ϰҲ˲ˡ
Ҫˣ˵ľףԪ˧ûȤô
ľЦ˻֪иǿʦγֻΪĶѣҲ֮ͻᱻʦɽǱԪ˧ĵ
ȻЩľǲ˵ģʱһĳһֻŪʯ򣬻˵ﳤϣδЩ߿ˣҳǱϾֻƷ츳͵һʲôĵرһʵպĳɾͣǺǣ̫˵
ճһ˵ЩģЩãٵʱԵĵرһӴ˳ʱƣĵر۵ĥȻ˵ĵҲټ
쳤˵ǲպٶȸϣҪ׷ϡ
мϸŸͣľ΢΢һЦ˵棬պĳɼһбзˡ
ľ׻䣬һһӰ׳ֽƬһ
Сڳˣ
ڵɱһͷˣȻˣڱһ̣һͷǵ汳ɱͷһޡ
սѾ԰Ҫ֪޻ŵĵɱͷһҪڵĲѵĶࡣ
ԶԶģ¿µ߽סв֪Ǻָо죬ûͣȻת

ţȻѾˣ
ɱɱ˷󣬿ǱʶΪԼѾˣӶһʱ䣬ȻôˣֻɫЩ԰׶ѣ丮ĳЩԾ壬ڵϻţȻ֮Ĳࡣ
Ӧο˵ĵһˡﳤ˵
ô˵һĽǺ赤㲻øһƷ츳СЩ˷ôռ֣ÿ꿼˵ĵһҪ˵ĳɼҪտ츳ﳤ쳤ϲϵ
ﳤϵȷʵҪ츳٣ڳɼ£ֿУȫռ˵һΪܳɼһԷڣֻ¿ǶΪѡһʲôè棬˵˷Ѻ赤Ųĺ赤ֻΪ丮ˣĪΪŻָһö赤ʹһѡŵĺĵӰɡ
ң֪쳤´Ҽǹʽ
ﳤһ仰ǳĴˣ쳤һߣ˾ެֻǾ£ǵñο˵ĵһҲԣôǾͿ֮˭ǿһЩ˭Ƚ֮Σ
ﳤϱ쳤һȴЩ˵ˣֻǱ£ƽʱ쳤Щϣҿٹ˽дһ
쳤˵ⷬȴҽӻˣϾ츳ޣĺп쳤˵ʲôĵرнյĳɾͣ壬ȴʮʮһƷϵ츳Ļ㲻ñ˦
ﳤϲҽӻ쳤ЦһôӦˣָΪһ޷ǶһģҼǵﳤһ˽Ʒıɡ
쳤ᵽ˽ƷﳤϵɫЩȻˣ˽Ʒ˹ǷëǣƽҲһȵʹͣҲﳤֵǮļҵôģοʤãĶľ֡
ﳤƿԣ쳤еɫȻ֪˾ެҶģô˵Ҫɷ˾ެ硣
Ǿʱľ׿ˣЦе˵֪Ҹ쳤϶һΣ


43 
Ǿʱľ׿ˣЦе˵֪Ҹ쳤϶һΣ
ţ쳤һû뵽ľʱ򿪿ڣҿԷЦǺǵı飬ƺʮӡ
һ˲䣬쳤ϵе㶯ҡˣĪʲôԼ֪ĵƣʵ벻Ʒ츳ƾʲôʤùƷϵ츳塣ټѾô˵ѻ˵ȥѾﻢ£ǣ쳤ҧҧ˵ãľҪʲô
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˽ƷıԶΪ
쳤ǳ鶯һ£ľôʦҪ˵ҵڳġ
ҧҧ쳤ϵãҶһ˽Ʒֽ䡣
ֽһִ洢Яһռ䣬ƷֱΪƣԼֵҪͬ׵ı߳˽Ʒֽ¶һ˽Ʒˡ
õġľ׺ˬĴӦˡʼЦĺ⣬һһоڰ֮еĸо
һǶˡ
˽һ죬ʱѾˣɼҪҳĵһ֮⣬ڶʮҲҪݿĿ˳ɼԼ츳ҲҪ丮ǵ۲İ塣
ȥкɡľ˵վȻѾľ丮ĳͬȻðȻǰ
šͷľ׺丮һɳ̸ʱں󱲵Ǻٲڣһֱһԣ˵丮ĵλȴЩ丮ƽƽġ
Ϊ丮ָļĵ֮һʮ⣬ȣΪһʽȵӡ
ĪҫҪ֪丮֮ʵһĴʦɭҲûʲôϣѡУڶʱڴﵽ۷塪
Ƕʱͻ̸ףɭڶʮҲ۷ѡ
ľ׳̸һص丮ΪͨĿ׼дϢ
һҹ޻
ڶ磬丮ı䳡ϣƼ˲丮Ҫͨ˵ʮҲȫվС
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ϲˡʱһ΢ѭȥȴ˫ֱվڲԶһƤЦⲻЦӣƷе츳ʹ˵㰡ˣˣ
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ۿҪֽʱ̫һ丮ĳ̨˵һ£湫ɼ
ȻūҲֻ䣬ˡ
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ڶ壬Ʒ߳൨һöһƷ赤һöɼϣϲңûĻﳤϰ佱
ȵȣ飡֡丮쳤׵ĺѣʵ֪˳ɼξҲ쳤Ͻٵġ
ţʲô飿εĳü
ЦЦϹ㳡ǰ棬˵֪츳ΪƷеȣҵ츳ΪƷϵȣղų˵ˣӿֿԵĳɼ䣬츳ؿǣЩɼǲοѣľȨڳϵ̫Ҳ
˵赤ǾԲܷģöҩʮ֮ǰͻأڶʮ֮ǰﵽ۷壬ʵû֮Ĵʦɭ
ҪˣڼĵλҲ˿Զҡ
ʱﳤһվɳϻһ߸Ԫֻ߳Χ¶轵ȣ׵ܲסѹ˼
˾ެԴСô쳤Ҳվ͸˾ެϡ
ʱﳤϢŭûɳϻľֻҾòƽڿ˵ĵ֣һɱ˵ĲͷޣֻΪڷֳʤˣԲṳ̂㣬΢һ½ŲҲԴﵽء
ԣҲҲΪԼʵ
㵽ô
ܼ򵥣һˣʰ·磬Ӯˣôһң˵ȻתƵҲң


44 ɱ
ܼ򵥣һˣʰ·磬Ӯˣôһң˵ȻתƵҲң
ûػ쳤ϾվˣЦⲻʵ丮Ŀ˿ȥվһʵսһ츳츳ȻʤҪʵսҲʤĻôһùС
쳤һ仰ڶĺ·쳤Ͼ⻹תЦе˵䲻壬ҲҪģҪбʤη岻սôԼıʤͿˣˣдɾ͡
쳤ϵĻȷʵ٣ȴʮֺݶֳ£һˣôһĴֻʮ꣬ǵһڶ̫󣬺ܾܿʹһ겻
쳤Ѿ϶䣬Ͼһ磬ʱΪûбûܷӳŵԡʵ似Դߵսʱһ߼似Խս
ԸٶȻֻǷǿʱãǶ˵Ļǲʹġ
˳֮£Ȼ䡣
Ŀ쳤һۣˣת壬˵ҸҲԣⳡôҳԿȵĻǵһһȵĻôֻӮҲǵһûκκôһˣҵĵһ͹ˣأ
һѾӦжʱֿ˻һʱּۻۣΪԼӮˣߣǰ׳գһ֪ŵԡ
Ǹһ˿ϷʵЦݣô
ɣӮ˵ĻĽ߳൨øңˣѵһͷк赤㣬Σ
ãһΪдϲɵҪŵҩԼˣ֮ãȲĵôҿʼȰɣ
ţԡ
ôʹĴӦﳤϵ΢΢ҡͷ˵һ䣬ֻĿռһ룬μӿ˴ǲͬģңСʱרŵĸ񶷴ʦսɣ似
ʱⳡսѾ˶֣Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
Խ˱䳡룬гһʮ˵
еĳڳ˶΢΢һ
ǱֵڼǧƽϣӵܣҲֻڵأ֮ʸӵһѱû뵽ؾˣһĹģȻڼзǳܵء
Ƿ׷֪óʲôļҾóǲ̫ˡ
Ȼ⿴Ʋƽ˹ߵıˣ㲻˼ǿ϶òߡ
һֱʵһ֣˵ƽôҩΪȻҲƽˣ߱ʱõҩΪ
ֻܳˡ
˳ûкġ
ţҲû취һǧһŪֻϣҪóһ̫εװ˼һնϣǾûôˡ
۵ʱ˳ڴһֱ޹ǵ
ѵǶʱɴ۾ⲻǡɱô
ȻϵûкҲû뵽ôΣȽһߣ׻˵һ糤һǿһߵ޹ǵ߳ȻǳԿ˺ܶ࣬ɱжʵ˵˼һնϣǻô
忴޹ǵЦұȣɱɣ㻹Ǵˣ
ȣ˵û֪Ļ٣ȷʵɱƽʱɱɱá
һ仰ɳӰ屩ŭ֪
ϱ䳡ʵһνѾʦʼ۲ѽˣԱĵ˽⣬мҡ
ı磬ʵֻһɫǱϵĸǲķۡʦй֮ʦԶ귨͸֮УԴжⱦӡʦλ֪ǰܣȻҲһԼĹ֮Ȼֻоһ㣬ѽѾǴ´ˡ
ȷʵܴߵսֻǳأû׽͹ǣܷӳЧʮޣ˿ġ
Ȼ巢Ӳ⽣е޹ǵҲܲסһնȻѵҲǺõˣϾͨķѡ
˵νͲǿģԼ˫ȭһ幦ߵĹⱾõ
۷Ϊȭǧ߰ٽһȭ򴩺ϱֵľȭҪǴϣ׽͹ǵĸֶδسܵס


45 ƾŵ
Ԫתվ壬Ѿһ߳ĽһķģЩһʮоŵɫԪɣһʦµġ
ŵԡμս֮Ȼʴ͸´ҵĴѧƾسڵΪŵԡ˻ûŵĵľ磬ȻֻͼɫģҲȷʵ˵ˣ
ۿսĳȻʶ㲩һӱ˵似;硣
ŵԡֻʹñʩչӵȷʵһļҴѧϼֵǧƽıͱƽ߸߶ˡ
ΣˣһƽͷСӣ϶似ʲôŵԡ
ڱ䳡ϣ彣ϵɫģ˫Ŀƣϰ֮ǰҪ귨ۿϰǶ귨̫һƾԱеԪΪУֻҪһͷȥĲ׽
ó似ȻܸܵҶ似̫˽⣬֪ͱ˹¶û˱Ҷø࣬ܺҳⱦеԪԲڵĵط
˼ʱѾֳֳüҴѧŵԡǴڼ֮ڽԴ
ԪעĺХ֮ǱĺôһעԪԴʽƺƣûбֿ֮УΪԱ濹ܿܰѱŪˣ

һȣŵϵ˲ţնļĿһ˫̤棬ͬһ
䣡
һնڵϣĽʯ澭󷨼ӳ֣ӲǼˣȻն߳һɼһ֮
һδУɥЦұٶô벻㲻ٶҲ죬ϧ㲻似
ٶȣܸȣŲһӾȻһԼģĲӰ
߾ҵ似
ҵļҴѧ֮һ߲֮ڣûٶȸϳ񣬴˼ʣ
ƣ似ƣҲһսô򣿡
۵ʱ̤߲˲࣬Ͼŵ֣һնֱۣ
丮ĴвɱˣᱻУƲãնֱۣȻһȴֱϣϺõҩӹֱ۷˴룬ԺΪ
һ
Ƿһ˿Ц㲻ôҾն֮·㻹ʲôһڱصãҲ벻ԼɣȻʱһһתһȭҳ
ƽƽʵʵһȭŽǧ޻ڵ˳
磡һȭĽ֮ǰֵıԪתĲԲڣ
ӶٶȺ֮죬ҪһѶȿ֪Ҫںǧ򵶵Ľǣ͵ľ׼ƾ˽֪ⲻԲڵһҲûá
һ˲䣬ֻͻȻһɱԪĽضе˵עڽеԪһһȭһնߵߴ紦ضϣ
ô
ԪһͣѪһӿûŪôµʱһȣԴ
һն׮Ŀ߲ݵĿ̹֮ʹʵȷϡĿֲһȫ
ͬβһ£嵽Ҳмֱ£Ѫ֮ʱӲֱ۵סһȡ
ȻСϵʱֻ÷·һִ棬ҵֱһ飬ʧȥ֪
д󾪣ʲô
ʯı仯ĳд󾪣ղһȭô򵥣ЩֵֻĿʲôǶǺ쾳ĸ֣Ȼ׽˸ղһȭİأ
ôһ㣿
ɴֱƷɣոպľһûȴҰе˲Ŵ
ã
߾̤߾ȫΥӲĺƳȥһȭ⼱֮ͣУټ֮ǰѪӿڿƲס궯ѪѪ˿ʱǾĪġŵԡۿۣڴĲͷͬھҪñĻɴ㣬ڵ㻹ɱֻޣǼԼʵȻƣѵʱڵ㶼ܴɱķ
Ϊġŵԡȫƣе裬ȻʱȴѾȥʱˣƹ֮һγһõǶ̵
Ҷĵ
Ϊ֮ǰһԪþڸһûʱʩչŵԡֻܽһԪȫעеıƾͱķһѾ϶ԼһնȥȻҪյ򵶾ͻᱻ顣
Ȼû뵽ûյƾһն޹ǵϣ
磡
͵ԪײУ޹ǵնƬ
ȣ
廹ûüԾѾһһȭ޹ǵɵƬϡ
ۣƬͬһ俪
˽İŭ䣬߾Ҳ

ҽһļСͬʱһƬУѪ䣬ǿƬǹᴩļΣ
ķһؿڣ³һѪ߹˲˼ߵķһ㵹ɳȥ
ס֣
߷һ˲䣬쳤ͬԱһֱӱԪ
쳤ͬһ䳡һѽס˲壬̴ȡһҩƿҩĸǹʽѣȻҪԹ֮չһЩ屻˳ѽ
Ϻҩ쳤ɫ̧ͷСӣᣬôݣ
쳤һ仰Ԫÿֱųأʮ㡣
һֵѹĿһתԪסѹޱ˵˵ҺݶôʲôǲݶǲղҪնҵֱۣҾ͸ȥնһȭƫˣֱ۱նϣ᲻˵ݶ
ã㻹Ҷ죡쳤Ȼ̤ǰһϱһɱɱ˸о쳤Ͼͬһ˶ɵͻʱ˹


46 żƷҩ
ͨ˼㿴ͻԼߴᱻƣο쳤ϿʱȻû¶η֮ɫȻ쳤ϵʵԶٱħĻмЩݵأɽĴǣЩˣ쳤ϲһϰˣԼη壬ʲôʸȥ׷۷壿
Լƺɱһ㶼ûѹȵס쳤Щŭˣ̤ǰʱһӰһΣȰĳ쳤ϵǰ
ԪǴ۸ôиַ緶Ϊ쳤ϵĶͷ˾ެȻ⣬Ѿһǰ
ôһվԼǰϵѹ
óߵ似·ʱҪܣս䣬壬ٵϳڱ̨ϣʵֻ˺̵ܶʱ䡣̨Χ۵ĿŷӦ˿˿ڶ
ȫǸ̬
ͬʱ쳤ϣԺӿ²ùˡ
ڳĴƽΪ˼ͬͲƽ֮УϾͬЩҲЩ츳ܺãӵܶԴӵϳԹ
˾ެ쳤һһֱӹ˵Ҫߣʱ쳤ϣ
ţԪüͷһ壬û뵽еӽԼһ㿼丮ĳϣĺ֣ĸΨΨŵŵԼһȣȻҽסԼǵӹġ˵˵ʲô
֮ǰҸȶ֮ǰжԼһӮˣסһһԵõһö߳൨裬쳤ҪߣôһƷŵʱ룬ǿֱȡһݰɡ
˵ⷬ±˵һߣҪǽƷʱʧȥڳ˵Ĺ֤߳൨ԼҪˡ
屾ûлԣֻ涪ⷬ³һѪ߳൨ε´ȷʵң񣬽߳൨ȴǮõģЩôԴϻ΢ˣʧ߳൨裬˵ȷʵǸش
һ䣬Թ˵ȥĻóȥˮô˵棬ܷڡ
м֣߳൨ģϣܵ⸣֣Ҫȥסϴ裬϶
ĻųвȻó
ҵǵ˲ˣסߡ壬Щ˶ҳ׺屾Ҳߡ߾ϴε飬ǳˣʲô˻׺壬պҽ丮ѧʱ򣬺ܿһᱨϧȴܶž󻼡
ȴֲɾǴɣңҲ⣬Լ֮ĺᱻĥ
һֻܽˣԼʵҪڵҿ϶׵Ķ֣Ī˵ף֮ǰҲСΪɱͷޣʵȳˣû뵽ϱóҴ似սô࣬ҪܿԪתĲԲ֮δӮҲҲȥһˡ
һ˲뵽˺ܶණͻʽ丮ҲȻĶףǰƾ۷ΪͽƼ֮ʵȻй֮ȻС
쳤ߺ˾ެĿһۣĿдһ˿ȺͲ֮ɫ
Ǹղŵս˻似ôȣƫƫõֻͨȭţǸղŴڽϵһȭеߴߴζֱӽضԪ
һ㣬Ҫжͼ侫׼ĳ֣һȭڼٻӶĳضһ㣬ѶȺڿֽӼ
˵⻹ƾʵĻ⣬ôҵԪڣͽͲˡ
Ҫǿ֪ͼḻľ顣
⾭ҪʵսۣСӲʮ꣬־飬ôѵ츳
ЩսɷţƾֱԣսϼвУ似ǿȴٳͲ֪ǵĽγǰģ൱¡
ĪǡҲţ
еˡ
ﳤ룬˵
ţﳤߵķ콱ĵطЩʡ
ȥһ츳

㣬ͬʱ塭
һʯשľҵУվһһ˸ߵľ׮¶һĽʵ⣬׵ԣվһľݵˣȻɿӣǺȣϢƳɲеı־
µµ˲ʮǧⲻΪǻ׹ݣͬʱҲΪڼеĵλԶܹȵġ
ȻûеۿĿԣȴһֱ͹עſԵԽıһ˱
С֣û뵽صô
䣡͵ػӳһȭֱӽ׮Ҷϣͽʵޱȣ׮ֽҩˮһӼȴһȭҶϣɼһȭ
ǧϣɭȻһЩҲû̫ࡣ
ȻһЩЩµģ֪ġŵԡѾ˾ŷĳ̶ȣ߾ȻѵҲ似
͵ү似õĶȭŹ򣬳ȭţֱֱȥ޻ڡ
ʲôôӮ׸еš
ū׾Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣٵġŵԡһռϷ磬׷ʹһ٣Ҳᡣ
ˡŵԡסˣÿһ似㣬Ҳ˵ƾƵģּϵӵܣ΢ܶ似̫˽⣬ûо飬ôܻУ
ѵеģ
׸е޷⣬ʱֵүūϵԪʮ־һߡ
׵緢ˣûʲôֵģСӿǳʲôĵرѧ˹ʺˡ
ΪʵͻȻһأΪ츳Уֱ˦ӲҲһֻСʵǰۡ
սȭͷ˿û˵Ҫ׷ԼǾ仰ҲһԼСʻһصСӵɾֻ֣Ϊµԭ׿;ðۡ


47 츳
츳𡭡ǰĲʯʯʯ״ֻ࣬ɫ𣬲ʯǺɫģʯȴǺɫģɺɺ죬ͬѪһ㡣
ΪּӵܣڸճþͲ츳츳ȫƷеȣ츳ǲˣڵϵĻֵּһϧϵ츳Ƹѡϵ
һ˵츳츳иҪ츳ϵһɾ͡
츳޹ؽҪ츳ҪϵҩʦʦʦȵҪְҵһ˵̫ˣ˵ƷϵȣƷ츳ŻỨѴĽǮʦҩʦְҵһ͵ȵ츳ȫԡ
ȴ֪츳׶ο˵ȫãǵ˺ȴʼˣΪԺ󣬻Ὺʼꡣ
˹ͼߣȫʹ
һЩͻڵĸ֣һЩʦ귨̽һЩֱеԪԶϤʶƶֵʽ㡣
ﳤϻһţԲŴ顣
Ȼ˵ڼʱѾ츳Ҿûٲһºã츳ӣʱ߸ʽõʯһ׼ȷܻܿˡ
ﳤ˵ţһССԪʯ˲ʯķ룬ʯȻʯ࣬ȴ߳һԪʯҲǼ۸߰Ʒ
ַڲʯϣ󷢶һ˲䣬ԺпĻ󣬷·һͲ磬еһʹУָоų˼ʮʱ䡣
ﳤ˵ˡ
ȥʯĹһֱ˵ĸû˵ĸ֮һλá
Ʒ츳
΢΢һԼ֮ǰƷеȣôƾôࣿ
ﳤ˵ϴβĴ
ѵ
ͻȻһͷ
Ī츳ı仯ѵħйأ
ԼɵʱԼ츳ƷƷеƷȣ
Ķһ֪ȴܴ½֪У츳ǲɱģ
츳츳ӳ֮Ͳٱ仯û˵ʲôı츳ĵر
ǴܵļҲûУΪܵļ䱾ͲȱȫҲҿ϶
Ҳǲˣܹ츳ƷĻЩǰӦбŪһЩƬɵİɣǲ˶ƷƷƷ츳
뵽ʶԼؿڣħڵλãԴϴһƬ֮ʹûٽħĻþС
ȻʲôϣһԼлһöƬһҪȥһ츳û
ﳤȻ֪ʱ뷨üʯƷȵ츳Ȼ⡣
һϣΪǺ귽ţƷϣǴ˵еƷ
Ļѧ֮ͻ᲻Ѵ֮ʱ丮һһһţ˵丮ԵõνϣõһЩҩʹʲôģȻڣϣˡ
ҡҡͷ̾һﳤ϶˵߰ɣҴȥ콱

Ǻ赤ͽ߳൨ô
ص丮ΪԼ׼סϵҩУ⼤ջʵ̫ˡ
öҩһöúƣһöʹðߵƣļޣһĺǿ߶Ƕ֣ڰߣȻֻޣȴж֣ϡ٣ҲǼΪѵá
öҩмеĶ˹򲻵ҲҪĶ
öҩԼʵܹһأôĵҩֱӳ̫˷ˣλǰܵļУӱͬӵҩЧ磬Լоһ£ƳӵҩЧķȥ֮ٷðɡ
򴫳꣬塢ʹãܺ󷨶Ѿչ£ԶԶܴ½ܹģȻҲˡ
ΪĴ࣬ҩꡣ
ڱģǳԵġ
ҩڵҩģõҩЧȥҩĸá
ģҪмߵ裬ںܳһʱߵٶȻս
ģ߾磬λǰܹļҲһƬհףҲǲȱˣҲλҲᡣ
˹ĴʦǴûܱط
ľ磬ǲˣҩǿоһ£ЩһΪæʱ䲻ҲûôʽϣԾһֱš
εõ赤ͽ߳൨鵤Ȼ˻оһ£ҩЧﵽ
ʱϴһ丮ŵܺãŻᱻˡ


48 ʦ
磬磬쿪ţ
ЦˣС
ۿ磬ҵż񣡺üһһ̫ǿˣ
СӵڶֿԾûܸȥԲ֪һϵողŵõϢ
ţ췢ӲЩӽȽϴԾõһˡ
ߣֵܺȾȥ
ţãڻԷĵ㣬ȥ㶫
˵ţóһֽֽϿʼҩҪõĲϣλܼеҩ֣ѡ򵥵һ֣СͼҩҩֻڵͼҩϣȻ˹меĺ赤Լ߳൨λֻǡͼҩ
ڵΪͼҩѾǼޣ߼ҩԪȫ֧ţҸ߼ҩĺܶѹû˵
ͼҩвٲҲǼϡС
СһдһƪȻȫмֲֻҪʶֵĶϵã硰ļѪҺ
磬ҪļѪҺǰɣ
Ҫ֪Ҳļ޶ѣļ൱ں֣޵ѪҺ˹䲻˵ȫ򲻵ۣһֶǴӹ˹ģһͼֵǧ
дȥСľ̲סһ䣬磬ôǮô
ͷǰľһǧƽĽƱ˵ԺǿĻֱ͸ͺˡ
һһǧ죡СһڿˮϴξǧһǧͻȻееľˣƺƽȫһ֡

˵˳ǳĲȫĵطǲǰٱãҲУ˳ǵʦᡣ
иط򲻵ϳۣҼ۸Ҫ˲١
ʲôôõ¶СõϢе˼飬ⲻܰɣĸɵˣҪǸ˵Ļ۾Ͳˡ
ʼ磬Ҳ˵ġ
Ǹղһʱȥ˼ݻ̺͹ٷУܶȷʵҲ
ǸϽȥʦ¡
šֻˡʦҪʦݣʵˮƽԵȵ£뱩¶ʦݣǻܶ鷳ͿܵΣգȻľ׵ıҲ鷳ľ̫ࡣ

Ҫʦ֤Ҫֵܹ򣿡ʦҪЩϡϣӸӴСõֻش
Ҿ˵ôõ¶Сһ̯ġ
ʲôǹֵʵ
šʦ˹ʦɡӴСȻΪΪʦϵģֵʦʦ׵ļ¼磬ʦᷢһЩͿԵõֵʦ᳤ڵĳְҲԻùֵȻֵҲͺͽףԴʦϻãвٻùֵķȥʦʦʦĻǳӭ
ʦһɢ֯ϺܶʦͷѧʵͷŲŲһЩֵ֮ƶȣʦĴڸоͻƸͲмʦ룬ˣҲٻС
ʦֻҪʦᣬ̾ͿԻ100㹱ֵиֻùֵķʦϡ϶Իùֵ
ϡϵȻԼˣʦᡣС֮Աǡ
ЩԼòҲûã˻һЩԼõĶЩùֵķʺңֻһ·һ¡
˵תλӴС㣬ʵС㣬񣿡
Ҫȥûʦʸ֤ǲܽȥģʦȤģԹʦĻкܶรġӴСĽܵ
룬˵ʦܲΪԱݱܣ
ȻԣʦⷽҪĻǱ֤һϡ
ţôðɣô˵ģڿԴȥμˡ
ţӴСɴ۾
ʼ磬˵Ҿʦˡ
㡭ӴСͷŵĴһʵʣǡ
ʮ塣
ʮꣿӴСЩ²ǰʦһȽʦҲһ츳ȡ˲ٳɼʮΪʦʵ̫ţʮ˹ļ¼Ҳʮѡ
ϣ¼ģҲֻԪ˧ʦ꺭
СֵܣμʦʱҪԼ׼ͲϵġӴСѣķֻʹõܿЧһ˵ʦķЧȽϲĵϾ˷˱Ļᣬʦ㸻ԣҲܲסģԿҪԴͲϣҲžһЩӵʦѧͽҿǲʦЭᣬϾһĲҲֵơ
ţ֪׼õʵ鱦ɣҿԳǮ򡣡˵Ŵ·˼ŽƱȫһǧġ
ֳôƱӴСЩ㵣ɲһСĿܶӵܶûб
ڿЦӴСȻҪ֣ôɡ
ŽӴС߽ʦڲСҲţ;ǽϸʽķӷģСʮֵ˷ܡ
ʦװ޲ʮֿǽûбڻ֮װƷȡ֮ȫǸַӵķģÿĶǽ̣ʸʮ㣬һعϵĸо
ˡӴСƿһţһơ
ʦһңʹá
ţллˡ
Уʮɼҵһɫʯ̨ʯ̨Ϸ˲ϣʱһʯ̨棬һʮŮڿٵĻһһġ
޳ʮָԾľ飬һ˫ˮĿתһģŮȫͶ뵽˻ƵУûע⵽Сĵķַ·һո߳ʦЩڰƯķ鶯
ŮԱ߻һߣһ̫ʦϣƱĿӣʵ֪ߵʵһֱŮϣŮÿһʵĻƶߵƿ֮С


49 
ǿ΢ľ׵ǰȻľģʦֻǸҵǰߴרְʦЩרְʦ˵ֻΪиʱоѣˣϵʮֿ¡
פ㿴һȻߵС۾һգգĶŮһ࣬Сʱͷۣø첲ⶥСһ£Сһ黺˼ͷ
ʱŮһ˿ǰǲѤõķͷ·մ˻ǵ̻𣬡һɫĻȥ
Ů˴ɥ̾˿үүʧˡ
ԭĿۣЦ꺭Ѿúܺˣȥٹһõʦ֤ˡүүõ֤ʱѾʮˣʮͿˣʮꡣ
Ůʦ꺭ߵ߾үүʦĻ᳤ᡣ
šǣҴǱȲˣһС꣬ϵĳɼѾҲˣ⼸ĽԼˣҲ֪ʲôԭ򡣡
Ҫ໥Ƚϵģ꺭棬Ҳ׷ְҵ䡣
꺭̸ʱ򣬽ӴС㹧߹ȥ˵᳤
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ӴСԥһ£ָָ˵ǸҪʦˡ
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ԥû뵽˾ʦĻ᳤᳤ݲԼʲôֻҪ¶ҩЩ˹ûеļܾû⡣
ҪЩΪ˼ƽյС֮Ͳ֮ͽľֻһˡ
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ʦ᲻ṩϺͱҲ˻ϼǧƽﵷңǾԲˡ
ϺͱҪԼ׼֪ɣ
ţ֪ʦṺ򡣡˵óһֽֽгһơ
ѡˡǿļ򻯰棬򻯰治Ҫ˿Ҳ࣬ЧȻҪһЩҲû֮
ĿֻͨˣҪôףǿ漰һЩܴ½ϵȫûе¶ЩҲ뱩¶
Щˣлл嵥ݸӴС㡣
ӴСʾһᣬԷͷ˵õģʲأ
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ǵȻͲϱǿԼǮģȥѡһɡ
ţá
ߺ꺭ȻʧıӰ૵˵үүʮ꣬ȻʦǸʦĻҲᱻȥġ
Цʦôÿģʦ϶мֱ£Ų˳ǵˣĳʿʦĵӣΪʳڣԳߣʮʦźɨ˳һʦţԴǺǣô׵ġ
˵ŵȼһŴƽʱʦ˵Ĵʦһ
꺭ҧҧ촽˵ţҲģҲ

ʦרõıһ£ѡһѷǳĳѰɡ
ѽֵǧƽⱦȽϹıˡӴСЩȣһμ˵߶ѡȽϴεıȴѡôģҪôǼҾԣĲˣҪôг
ԼĴ㣬ȻҪõȻ˷ˣ߼ϲҲüǮ
ǵıһۿɲ˻ˡӴС㲻̫ģרһ䡣
ŽƱЦҵȻ֪
ţôɡ֮󣬽ӴСص˵ص㣬Լ뿪ˡ
ػҺжˣһʮ꣬ɫ۵ˣһЦеģܺͰͷ
λʦḺʦ˵Ŀ٣ƽʱܿˣΣȤһ¡
ôʵ
šͷʯ̨ϣõĲҲһһ̿ʦĲϣǼӹõģĥᴿڻȵȡ
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ˡ
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ĿƬ̣Ԫת״̬һУһСɫ֭Һ·Ƶġ
ֻ򵥵֣ڳ̸ܵɫ֭ҺŨ
Ʒ츳ˡа
ֲʮԣмֱ졣˻ͷ
꺭촽ȻҲע⵽Ʒ츳һǰֻһˣڣֶһ
Ʒ츳ʮֺһ˵ߵ츳ϰ츳̫󣬵츳һҪϰ츳ˣƷ츳Ϊѵã˵Ʒϰ츳˹ʮһôƷ츳Ƕʮ꣬ʮһˡ
꺭츳ֻƷ츳ȴϰ츳ߣҲǼ̳үүԭ
꺭Ʒе츳ǼʮһʦˣСְֵĽ̵꺭츳һ޼ֻ꺭Գһѡ
ȻûƷ츳Ϊʹõķġ̫һʵأָʹԲŻִ
˵ʼֻ˾ޣôĶ˲ˡ
ɫҺ䵽ָʱָȻϳһĲӰҺֲӰбһɫߣҹлյһ㡣
ֻǼգ۵Ĺһӵķϡ
һЦеϵЦҲˡ

п֣пŵˮһĶʦһרŵʣСǹŴеǧָ𣬴˵˷ʮǧָÿ𹬵԰е˯ӣֻҪһξͿԲɳϰٿڽ̵伮С˵ʦʣʦʦڻķʱΪٶȹµĺʵָӰ
ȻٶȣһЩȼߵʦԸ죬ٶάϵȶ׼ȷȵĽĲϻķȴ죬ָӰûгԺʵĿ๦ǲģ
Ŷ󣿾̥ͿʼϰҲôָɣ


50 ϵ
ܿ죬ᷢǰĺַܶ˹ʦУһЩַΪӣȴޱ
ʦŲ˹ɣ˵
ţңɿ±Ҫࡣ
һһĲʹڰţ֯Ĺ߹켣˵ĺĤһĲӰ꺭סȫͶעһһķУϸĸÿһ仯
ڻķʱصϸ΢仯ѰյģһСľͻʧܣֱ仯ȴ·һ㾫׼ЩѤķǡ续µд⻨չɡ
˵һʼ꺭±곬Խϣ˲˼ôѾ̾ˣзϣܹȥҪһ˿һȱ
̬ͷ·ʦʦ仭һ㣬Ҳֻ̬˱һȥ׷ĳһļ¡
רעһ˿꣬꺭ƺͻȻףԼΪʲôΪԽԽΪ̫СŮ׷ĽŲ
ڣͻȻˣƬ½ޱߣŶɳԼΪ˹һŵٶȥǷ񳬹Լûκε塣
Ҫ׷Ĳ˦ǳԽԼҪ׷Ĳ˹һţļ¡
ʱһһţǰķԽԽ࣬ķڰһһ˸ţһĺɶǿѾᳵ·۷Ϊ㹻Ԫ֧ȫ̵Ļƣ缸ǰ֡
죬Ƶĸ˳ȫĶͶ뵽ķĻУһˡֱȫķʮͷѤõķâǣĺΪһ壬һһĻš
ûгֱֽϵĳָһָķһӡһصڳϣšꡱ϶һعӵķģȼյĻһ㡣
ˡ
еĳг̾ڽϵĻȻȻ¶һƣܸܵԪת·һ㡣
Կ϶һķֻõصԪ֪ķܴﵽأ
ķķ̶ȣеԪתķڷֽϣûжǶ٣Ǳ˱ϣôḻĴʦڱעԪͨԪ߲ķоķԱмɡ
ὫУԪעУ۾ϸĸ֪Ƭ֮۾Ȼ׼Ǵһ
ķﵽ֣Ǵʦˮ׼
ֵԪᾪ̾
Ŷüëһ˹һεͼʦܽѾܲˣ꾹Ȼ֣Ҫ֪ķһɣÿһͻļѡ
˵ٺܶ꣬ķỹ׼ܿó˸ȷĽֵ֮䡣
³´СһðģĪŵӣŵĵΪλᵽ˳Сطʦʦ֤
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᳤ҪҵĽǴоһµ˼ޱȣ㾫ĴڶѧᣬҪͨƳɵķоһЩظϼѣѽҲ򲻳ʲôţ˵̫л᳤ˣȱ֡
ؿʦ˳ǣӭ˳ʦ͡ΪôźһΪоһǰѳҲ£лʶʦš

ļ޵ѪҺһһǧһƽһʮ֡
໨ʮţƽ𣬰ʮ֡
Ѫ֭Һһƽʮ֡

ʦϡ۵һȥʮ긾ˣг嵥һ߶һۣ߱ÿһͣһۣСһôʲô
гĲмʮ֣мĲϣļѪҺôһСƿͶһҪǳʦҪǧƽ𣬻һõ
ڰǰЩ붼ġ
ƽܿۼӵһϣҲȥ˲ǧ֣Сⲻǵ֣žžտʼľֱľˡʲôлǮˮǼʶˡ
ܼһǧƽǧһٻ֣ȷϹô긾˰̣һ˳ǵ¸صʦҲһôϧϣСһô£ô֣
ţȷϹ򡣡ͳ˽ƱͻֻֿֿһţͨűԲѯּ¼
õġ


51 ʯ
صסŷжĲϣһڴ˷ܽ֯ĸоЩϣ˹ĴʦҲǳģ˷ѣҶ˵һõеһֻ־Ѿ˲ˣ൱ӵҩȴҪеĲ϶ϣڵʵҲǺްա
ܽ⡰ͼҩں赤ͽ߳൨ϣԼȥʵȻߵģҩѾǼƷټҩЧԼشɵΪϡҩӦͻء
ҩɹԼҲһǸмֵٶȺսҲԽԽ
뵽мȻǰޱȻԻͣʵʩȴҪΪ֮Ŭںļ䣬ҲҪϵϰܽĶЭ
Ϊ˽ʡϣһʼõĻϰ취ֻԪϡ
ѵûʲôɣǿظϰȡʤһǧ鲻һ飬һ鲻м顣
ǧظϰ﷦ζһǳԪľζɲôܣָоͬҹû˯ҪӲѧϰ
ֻ죬Ѫ˿ֹͣϰϢʱøӶûˡ
á̫һרŹĵҩȴҲĳӣҩѶȱ߳
丮ѧˣѧ֮ǰҩǲˡ
ӿ˽ʽѧмϢʱ䣬Ҫȥ丮˵֮á
һ㿼˳ɼѵģһЩͨϵŽѧԱᱻ֮ã˳ɼɫᱻڵ֮á
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ڵʵ֮ࡣ
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ͨ丮˵ʮˣվģ֮ܽõģȴֻǶʮˣʣǾţǲҪΪǽ˵֮þעҪΪˣǿߣţ䣬ֻвϵϵսлǲпܽԼʷϣ
ڵ֮ãпܻӵ˳һЩ£ǻ׳ǮŮȵȸջǶͨ˻þض֮ĵĿ飬ǣ֮ǻᱻģЩջ󣬶ܳΪʳ־档
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£С࣬һһܹʮʮš
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Ϊû΢΢ɻҲ֮ĵһɡ
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췢˵һ˦֣ʮ·һɵѧԱϣӵһöУľԼסڡ
סٺãҩʵȥ˵εõĺ赤ͻƿҩһķӦùԼͻ˰ɡ
ؾ磬⡢ࡢ׽͹ǡؾÿһز඼СҪͻƶҪѲٵʱ䣬ֻͣһ£ʱͻƲףмƷҩҩЧҩͻȴҲûܡ

ڿǵʱͻȻһתͷһȴһվʮ⣬ɫԼ
塣丮ѧˣ岻˵һڵڶĽ߳൨Ҳȥˣ˵һ޴Ĵһеʼٸд̣ж
ҩûҧ˵Щ䡣
ΣΣƽĻشöҩֵǣ죬丮˹һֱһȻĴڣӵпֲͺͱ̬ȥĽû˸
֪ûԣŻҩܲסֻƷе츳ˣ츳ҩǺ赤ʮ֮һҩͲˣҲȫ˷ѡ
ü˵ʲô
ĺ赤
Цˣû뵽˵ôûӪĻڿЦôΪһ
ȱžܾҿ


52 ּӵ
ҿԽ塶ŵԡĽ㿴ʱͬʱҿԸǧƽ𣡲иԲɽҸ㿴ŵԡ˵ȥĻҵùҲҪҵ׷ɱλѹļ͡
赤ǻƽģܵüǧƽѣ׳ˡŵԡնҵļҴؼǳϽ⴫
ֻķƪûʽ似ֻҪ˵Ͳ˿Ϊɵй¶ȥ׷ɱԲա
ȻʣֻʱĻҲ̫ࡣ
ŵԡֻܿʱЦۣ롶ȣŵԡǸûȤ
һ죬ˣʣº赤Ҳͻأһ㡶ŵԡеķպԪٶȻߣҵļҴؼ򣡡
丮ȱķȡŵԡǿҲ࣬Һαȥģ
ߣ丮ȷʵжķĶķֻĵӣ֪ʲôǺĵôƷȵָӣǶҪȥȵġ֮Ĵʦɭûݶ֪丮ĺĵֻȼˣ⣬༸˹ˣص壬ΪϣˣҶûָ
ŶԹеĹܿؼΪϸΪԴڵĻʯ丮ҲֻѧĹѣ˵Ķʵ
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ȫûԹߵ䣬ѾˣĹԲˣԲסɭԼ˷һ죬Լܵ˷ôúú÷ʡˡ
ʱ֣ԼеĶᵽµס丮ռؿ㣬㹻ĵط֮õѧԱÿһķ䡣
λںɽһƧ֮أɽڣ̶һԣһ޴ڽȫڱУҲľ£ĺõط
ӷǳ⣬ڴϣʼĶϵݡ
ʼ丮ĸƶȽܣΥ봦սĹ򣬿ʱŵȵȣ˺棬Լ丮ṩԴ
ʱȤ丮̶ܴϾǳЩԴġ
丮ڶ࣬ͨɱ󿼺ʵ֡
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ɱ˵ǿ̶
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ÿһߣ丮ѧϰ꣬ǲʮ꣬Уһ֮꣬ҵ
ʵǿҲǰҵһѧԱѡ꣬ϾܶԴҲġ
뽲֮˸طʱм˵ĿƮ˹
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ּɣҲһˣȻûзǼ弸̣ʮַĴ壬һЩӵ丮Ǻ飬ǰٸ֤ʱ򣬾Сǽġ


53 
ּȻ̷һҪ÷չ뼯вҵֻܴϵҵԽԽɢüͷֵ߰˰ˣǼҲʵˡ
ڵ֧ϵҸ˼ֵܷҵֻܸӪ㣬С󣬸ּҵϵӵû̫ӴԸϵá
ǰ֪丮˵ĵһּӵܣǼּӵܶԾˣû뵽ѵõǣ㻹ǳּңûʲôԴֵ֧ȡɼҵȲĺܰ
ʱַԷҲڵõ˵һϢѾؼˣأǸ˲ĳɼѾܵĸĸǾ¥Ҳ͸ܵĸĸˣ˵Ǹлλ˼Ϊּһ˲أȵܻȥּ¶ҪΪӷϴء
õĻ˴û뵽ᷢһϵе飬ּңû̫ĹУڽӷϴû̫Ȥ
ȴ֪ĸԺϣõҫĸģһϣŮ⣬½磿
ҸĸͳŨأһֱϣܹҫ棬丮˵һȷʵֵּ汲ˣ˹£˿߰ǧ丮˵һ൱״ԪΪƷš
ʶЩеǲһУøĸģȻŮϣġ
˵ҳ丮ز죬λ֣еرУԺҪչˡ
ܿˣԺʲôѴܿڣҵȻޣǼ˳ǵԴܵһЩġ
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˽˴ӡǣʱͻȻһڿγˡ
̧ͷȥһֳֺۣ鱾߻߽˽ãߵԪҪľ׵һ㣬Ϊڡ
ɣǣѾ൱ټ丮ȴȱȽǣһ·丮ʦϡ
߽еڰϣ˵ӽҸΪǽѧɣɣɣɣԪĻȵȣڿʼڿΡ
ߵĿ׷ǳ㿪ʼߵĻ֪ʶǳḻһЩܼ򵥵Ķܽʵõļɣþδ֮ʱζܹݱܷâڿڿյʱǿŤת壬ڱԷѹŴʱη
Щɶǹõĺˣߵս൱Ǿḻ߸ʵս𡣵ȻҪЩںսлҪʵսС
γһʱʰ鱾˵Ŀεˣͨ˵ȡǵԪʯ
Ԫʯ΢΢һ˵ֶʯͷ̺Ԫ
ʱ˵ܣԪʯǺöԪܼӿңԪʯԪҪҩĴҲ׵Ķࡣ
ǰܿ˵һݣܹ쵽ԪʯʮءַԷҲ͵Ľζ
ŶԪʯ󣿡
ţʵ˹ҲԪʯĿأҪϽɸȣԪʯڴʵֻܶ࣬Ǻ˹򵽵Ԫʯ١
ⷽԲʮȨҪȣһУΪ档
ܿȥɣԺ㶨ʯÿ»һš
ԪʯȡȻ쵽ʮԪʯԪʯкܶʵˮһ㣬͸
һԪʯΪһ׼ĳиУȻܵ˴Ԫ
֮Ҳ쵽ԪʯĿȴһ룬ֻţĵ˵֮õͨӣǾֻˣ֮õģֻһšһκպ޷֮ãǾûˡ
ܣѵü棬һȥһΣ
ԥǸ˵ʯĿ˿ʼǰһЩʵںȾƵ飬㡣Ҫʱ䣬ټϿΣν˯ʱ䶼ڵϢ˹
ڷܣѹ;ɾͣõģôǸپۡ
ã뿪ãߵڵʱ׵վһüͷȻ˵Ĺϵ̫á
Ӵⲻҵôѽѽ´ǾӢһأŵԡɡٺ٣Ϊ˲ôһصСأǸ´Ƕһ˵ʹʮ˾꣬۷Ϊʱ˻һѳһư֮ɫ
ɫʱ࣬ҵļӣҲǰôҩȴδǰʮһͷôţҲǿ
٣˵ܺãôǱȱΣܲܰҲڽŵס಻м˵Ϲһ˿ϷʵЦݡ
һͣȭͷȻսԷ۷壬丮꣬ıްա
ˣҲýֺͷҲ֪ҪǲӦսؽĴ˵С󣬡ŵԡͽ࣬ǲ֪ƤΪˣ츳ңѹˣʮʮ꣬õĺܣ
Цս㱻ɱˣҪһ˭ʹô˵ϻˣ㵽׸Ҳұȣ
кβңһȻ֪ԷڼԼΪ߰ԸȻӦսܴ֮ġ
ãǾͰ丮Ĺ涨ȣȻҪȣȻҪеע㲻ǸԪʯôעɡ
ע
ҧҧҲɵףƾΪԪʯģ
ıõģ
ǣЩҲԪʯҲ𣬺οһ䣡
ľͶģ
ԶԶĿһĻ΢΢ҡͷԷȻ׼Ը񣬲˵ԷƵſˣˣôʧ¸󣬱ܶսĴɡ
䲻壬ҲģĽԶΪҪǴ̣衣
壬Ҫˣ˶Ǹ֣۷壬丮ôãս±һ߶Ҫ٣ʵҲûһ˿һİա
ȻţȷǸ֣ԱǸƺɲ⣬һҶ϶ûӮ丮ԻҲĺܣ丮һţţǳ丮ôԴôãҪⶼ򲻹ǰˡ
¸޹أת뿪߼һͻȻڱ𣺡ӴⲻǱο˵ĵһôǰɣһһᡣ
Ȼ˵Ŀ׻ζʵڹԡüͷ΢壬תͷȥȴ˵һǸʵɲꡣ


54 ƽĶĶ
Ȼ˵Ŀ׻ζʵڹԡüͷ΢壬תͷȥȴ˵һʵɲꡣ
һ£һĵǵָֻ̣ûлֵĵ⣬ֱŵ
õҪýٵĶ࣬һ£ô̵ĵܲףûе⻤ױԷһ˵֣ǣֹıȴһôǾܽٶȷӵ£Ϊ׷ٵĹô֤ĵǿ
±໹Ҫа䱸ΪԷžСһʲôô
û£ʶʶһ˵ķɣףûɣصΪ
ȵ˵ɫĮȻѾµԷҪʲôˡ
ĿҲ̫˰ɣصĶܵõһǼƷ츳ŸͣʵѾֻƷе츳츳õ丮֮ǲˣ丮Ǿײġǹ̼
ҼƷ츳йô޷ԼԪʯҪŭ𣬶ĶǶԸһ
˹ʱٸߵΪҲ֮ìҲǶĶķʽֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ԼӮĴۣôȹ֮ìܲ׷
ַʮʢУ丮ȻҲ⡣
ٺ٣Ȼûϵֻ˵ֵ츳ƷеȣҾˣȻβμӿ˵Ŀ˵㣬ַϲôϵһģ
˵֮ǰĻʵĿףô仰ֱ˺ˡ˿ֻһСɫȾͲȣòαװ
ɫȻ̵丮Ѿ쵽ô˵ԪʯӲдȵزѧĺãʡǵļ嶪ˡ
СӣɫһƷ츳߹ʺ˳˵ĵر쵽丮ʺ磡
񶾵Ļüͷһ壬жŭұ£ܺãôң޷ҪĶȻˡ
ʱһͻȻ𣬡ҪǵȦף
תͷȥַԷղ˵䣬ɫЩ̫ãһܼ֣ۼǸ౳ҲѷּңʵҲ˵Ķ֡
䣬ʶ̹õһɢһɱϵĵɱ
ѾԼıͨ
һݣֻ뱦ܸͨӦ˵ƺԪӶӦ־Ҫߵ츳ԣԼԱľⲻܹģȻҲбñʱȴٳԲűһȭʽ
ңôŨɱɱˣ˾ʡ͵ĵơ
üͷ΢壬˻࣬ǿԣʵز¶ĸ֣ԼԲǵĶ֡
䱻Ũɱƣɫѿ˼֣ȻҲǵ֮ãȴʮֿ󣬸˵Ķ֣óȻͻԲǣһߡ
ߣ䣬ڹĳƺŻ治ǰ׽еģҾˣֵСô丮֮õģɣּѵڹֳרҵרͷڹꣿ
޼ɵĳЦ仹ǣ˼壬ƢٺãҲ̲סˣְһ̤ʱȴһѰó䲻˵Ķ֡
嶯ǳģһĶѣӦҲûʲô
ˬ죡⵱Ļܵܰٺ٣˵ʱصɡŵЦš
伱ҪϵһǳԪʯģŲԣ۷壬ҰֻѾ̤׽˵ˣʯһţ֪һʲôô˸丮ܽһٰѾǳѵˣɭؿࡢŹһοҲһʮ⣡
ɭȻ֪ˣ丮֮Ĵʦ֣ǲǼĵӣ丮ĵһˣۺսҪ
ؿŹȻû˵Ҳܲ³һЩˣɭû̫ˡ
Ųǵ֮ʵǰٹһʱžͻ֮ˣսʤ㡣
֣
伱ˣʲôѽ֪ս۷壬丮ĵ֮õһţԽս˾ͲôŲԵʵҪõ丮֮⣬۷߶δ֣
˵û丮ƼԽһսʲôˡڵʵ޷شɵսȻǿҲԽ
˵ʱŲһֱأһϷЦݵԹš
ûУǵڹꣿǸҶһ
ڵ㲻ؼңû壬ֻʣעʲô


55 ս
ڵ㲻ؼңû壬ֻʣעʲô
ܣӦʱַԷҲˣŲԣԵЩ
ڰ֣ʾԼ
ȻԪʯˣʮԪʯңˣٺ٣Ҹʮţ
ãղ˵ѡʱصɣҾѡ䳡ʱ䣬һ֮ʱ̡
һ£Ųһ㶣û뵽ʱ䶨ô󣬲ܶöûãƷ츳ʱϵԽãԼĲ෴Խ
ãһ¾һ£졣Ųɵһʢͷ࣬ͳסȲĸԼԪʯ
ŲԺЦ뿪ҡͷ̾ܣ̫嶯ˣ丮Щһͬţ丮ѧϰôãŲԡ˵ˣ͵ʮԪʯѵɡ
ЦллΪҳͷˣҲܱܶսƣĲ˳ҵҲ
ƺָĳ֣ҲϿ䣬˲ʱΪԼͷҪġ
˵⻰ע⵽վһûߵ壬ʱԼ
ףˡ
ǺǣҲǡΪվͬһԹͬĵˣ˵Ĺϵ͡
Ҳ䣬ʹʱģԺҲӮ࣬㣡˵仰תȥĻҲˣѾʶԼܺսʤˡ
Դ壬ȴܴıģܲսӡ
һŲģҲãԺҲһҪţȴǲ˲١ܴ½ޱߣܿܿҪ׷£ʵ̫̫ѣ
ʱͻȻʲôˣֶ֣ĶҲô£һ˳Կɣѵ丮ûӦƶȣ
ûУ丮ֻ涨׼˲Уģһ֮֮丮ǳ丮ҲȻˣ۸ˣӮ˵Ԫʯ黹ǲ·ǳõĿڱһ˼Լͼ˲ôġ
Ŷô˵ŲԵƷڱôˣ
һֱǸŲԡʵǸˣھɱˣƷ˵ӲڱʲôģΪĶҲϡ档
𡭡Ųʶô
ף֪ŲԸսѣһιʲô
䲢֪׸ìܣʶдһʡ
ûʲôһȻЩ顣
ԭԼ׺޶ԭŲԱģ׹Ȼ丮丮ϾȵϽ丮ȣڷԲʮйһȨ֮ϵȻΪ丮˹еĳȻڣǻңҲ丮һһ
ֻҪԼ丮У׾Լû취Ǻ֣Ի丮ף׾ֻͨ丮涨;˶Ķ԰º֣ԼԼ֮ġ
ʵ߳Լһأͬڵ֮õŲѹԼʵѡ
ҲҪѹ˲У
һսȭͷû뵽׾ȻҲι޹۷ʵ֮ʵʱŲԻҪǿ
Ҳã˼
ɫ΢仯ڵֵܣ㲻Ǹìܰɣ
ͷǰɡ
⡭⻰ЩǣֵܣҲǳ־Լ磬۷ʱ֮ʮһӣΪ֮ѧԱӵʵǳأ
΢΢һ丮صĵӿɲ棬ʵһһģȴȻ۷ʵܣɼ׵ǿ
̶֮Ϊʮˣһ˵ʵͻؾʵ룬ǻ֮һѧԱ֮֮ܽܵѧԱ̭֮һǾӢ۷ʵԽսʤЩӢģ֮׾һӲ磬ֵܣҪǸԵĻ
ЦЦ˵ллֵҸ档
ţþ컯ìܣҵλҲǳߣȻǵճӣʵ̫ˣպδزܼ̳м֮λҪ֪μŮǼ˻ʹġɷ죬˵־ҲǺҪģҪ֮ʱǸҲˣɸΪҲԴϲˡ
ţסЦЦֻȻҵĵλҲû½Ū丮ˣ£ҪǸĹùóС
ûʲô£ˡͨʱĽӴΪˣڷհǰ˺󣬿ǺܶͣԸҲǲãϰĻдɼҲ޹һôĴºˡ
Ϊ˵ֵһ
˵Ҷ˵ˣֵСЩɣʮԪʯоˣּҲȱǮЩȻ٣ҲõģպֵܵأһЩԪʯʲô
кЦͷ֪


56 Ԫһش
䣬һ˻صסʱԽԽˣЩӣһֱڸʱܡ
ӦζĶһʱдƣ˵ɭؿࡢŹһɱ󿼺Ҳһʮ⣬Ųһţȷʵ༫ûԴ󵽣ΪԼڿԱɭ˸丮ʱǿ
Լһµʱ䡣
ɭؿࡢŹ񱻵һʮǳ丮ʱһ֮δˣ
ҩҪ£ʣµİյҩҩʵ赤ͽ߳൨ŵҩмеƷټҩԿԹͻأܹһΪʱŲԵΪ磡
ƾĶȴ綼޷ԽʯҲǰһٵĻҲΪζĶĲԩˣ͸úú÷ʡˡ
ţʼϰҩ棬Ȼλǰļ䣬ʵǳ˵̸ʲôд¶Ϊʱ̫磬Ҫֻǲϵϰҵˮĸо
죬Ԫϰ֮ʼòϰ
ʼעҪʧܣѡĶֵǮĲϡ
һݱ໨֭ҺѹեоǣУһ̬ȫƽ
ʼɣµ̣
ĬĬĶԼ˵֮Ѥõĺ»һʵĻӰ
ҩ·Ҫ࣡һصʵǿлԪ׽⣬ò׵أԪ࣬תȴҪƸΪԪ׽⣡
ûо֮࣬£ֻаԼƵ޲ܿٵĽ
ʱȥĶͷϸܵĺ飬ҩÿһĻҪҧ֧ŵڣѾʮֳȻСԪڳţǾģѾӽޣ⡰ͼҩĻȴ˲һ롣
ڻʱҲڶʱԪǲʵģΨһܵ;ǼʧʣȣԪʡ
ֲ֧סˡ
ҧأͷһȻ֪λƻʧܣһһָо

һ죬ǰڶķѤõ̻һ㱬֮󣬽ӶŨصĺڰ
ţѾô³һһƨ˴ϣʮְԼصĴϢ
̫ˣ˲ڴϣָͷö⼸͸֧ޣҲûио۹תԪûˣ˵ԪһˮôҩǸɳĮһ㣬һˮ˱ĸɸɾ
˯һˡ
Ȼ֪ʱĻܹвЧԪƣȫв˾
ţˣԪʯ
ȻˣʱԪʯԪô
ǿϿʱõʮԪʯһԵùץеһţʼ̰洿Ԫ֮
ŨԪͨĵëԴԴϵ룬ΪûдﵽڣѨλͨԪֻë׽룬建
ǰԪͨôŢ󣬶ǿĴûпɱԣͻߵһشԾ
ԪĲӿ룬ǸɺԵˮעȪ˵ˬ泩֮ǰƣҲһɨ⣬ʼתԪڵԪ
ȻԪǼƷԪķţھδ£ԪתٶҲʮޡ
һһתԪԽԽ࣬תٶҲϵļӿ죬СʱȥԪתٶԽԽ죬ĳȥ۷ٶȡ
ţô
һתԪԪתٶڼӿ졣
žʱһ죬еԪʯѿˡ
ţԪʯˣ
ҲģֽãһԪʯתԪµԪӿ룬ڵԪתٶһ߷壬ûֹͣٵļ
˵ǰתԪʱԪתٶӤѧôڣԪתٶѾڱˣ
⡭ѵǡ
Ԫһشɣ
һ¶ϲ֮ɫԼ֮õġԪһأڳͻˣ
ƿţչ䣬丮ĲҡѧʱõϣйڲҵĽܣκ丮ĵӶʱʹãвʯԪһش֮һԼڵж١


57 ս
ʱѾǶ죬丮ĵҪôڷҪôѾ˯ˣ·˺٣ɣܿ˲ҡ
һ˶ûУŵͷֻһյƣԼ̱е˯ˡ
˸кȥһŲʯȫţһ˲еû´
һʯվĿڤ񣬽ȫԪת£Ȼȭͷһ㣬صʯϡ

ʯ͵һµĵƺЩͣĴǧߣǧˣǧţǧ
ǧ
ǧٽ˫۷Ź⡣
ٽԪһشСɵɣֱӸԼٽ
ͨ˵ٽǴŻеĲ࣡
⡶ԪʵֻǡеԪתĲ֣ȫ
⡶ļƷ幦ǴܼУţſɨص۵ӣҩͯмɵģƾɽѵء
⡶ԪһشֻǵһպأһرһѣοֹԪһֹ滹аŶݼ׺͵ǣڵңȥŵɨصӶ񡣡
ʶЩе˷Ҳɢ˲٣ԼҪߵ·ء
ΪոͻƣԪ⣬
Ԫľ̺Ͷ뵽УΪԪһشɣҩЧʴߣѾԼֵƵİٷ֮ʮ
ȥи߰죬ܽ⡰ͼҩɡ
ҲԪʯĴģһϣͽԪʯõ顣ȻӦŲʮԪʯעѹû䣬ôǲá
ųѿʧȥ˹ԪʯӣõҲ̫˰ɣٹһ£Լʮ֪ʱðѶĶһ֮ôã¾ͺˡ
죬뷨ǱŲ֪֪ŲԸθ롣
ڶ峿ϿΣϽ֪ʶ죬һˣһԸˡ¡ͬһ丮ѧһ߰ˣҲ
ûᣬδϽĿγǱƪǹļɺ÷
ýζһֱγ̽ȥ˼У⴫ϵڿݸ
˼леѾߵĲˣȻȴȻԭĳ
ʼʰ׼ȥʱͻȻ˵ܵһ𣿡
϶˻˵ʲô𣿡
ȻǿȴһɵԶζ̾һϲõ˿˵ĵһ
лл
˵仰ȴǳõĳĬ˼һʱЩΡ
ҡ˵һºҪŲԶĶ
΢΢һ˵ϢôʹˣûȷʵҪŲԶĶµӵһϵӶĶϢÿҲϡ棬ŲԺܹЩ
ҧҧ촽ԥһ²СŲǰսѡ
һҪĶ࣬ȻѾµһƶġ
֪ĻӦ
㻹һʱ֪οڣҪȰҪȥĶǻ˵ȥ
֪㲻Ըǡҽ丮ҲµӺϵӵĶĶµӼûӮģȻĵһŲڵ֮жǱȽһΪ׵ԭֿܺء
ЦЦ˵ûвԸ˼ҲҪȥĶôҼȻӦ˶Ķ㲻ʧԼδսӣΥҵ
ǡðɡ̾˿֪׼飬Ѹı䡣
ллҸ棬ˡ˵뿪˽á
һˣλϣ˵ʲôζȥıףȻҲܸıǱضᶷȥ¿ʵĄ̊́ףȥĻ϶ҪԿ

ʱˮתۼѾ丮ĵ죬һ糿õ֪ͨ丮䳡
ͬĶǵ֮õѧԱ˾֮һؽһͷ췢ӳ䳡Уһ֮õĽ̹ٺ
˵ĸоͣھУǷɱеĻξɽ
䳡ɨһˣ˵֮սˣ
ս
֪丮Ҫɱսڿʼˣ
֮õĶʮѧһ֮սڴѾˣҪ֤ԼųʯŻøԴ
ûĸԸ£Щˣʢ־Щӱ˾͵սһˡ
ٺ٣սˣ¶¶ˡһųؿһ˰̵ȭƣָĹǽڡǡ졣


58 ɱ
е̵Ϊçʮ꣬ʮʱ˹߾˹Ӷɱˣڱ߾꣬ΪأսḻʵǳǿʱçȭԴǧٽҲɱ˵㡣
ЩСǵǰΪǵʵܳǣҪݹ˵ʵҾԳ㣡ç߻һ꣬ΪçսѣȭͬǧٽɼҲǵ㡣
ȭЩӶóΪȭҪ츳޵ĹЩӶǹһ㣬ȻǿĶȥǿĵطڷḻս飬ĵսֱ˳䲻ɱС
ǿĵطʵսǿԡ
塢СһﶼҳĻ䣬ǵսɶڵϹģôǵĶ֣
ܵƣֹ㣬ȴûƣһͬʣ֤Լʱ

丮˵ɱھԶһɽУɽг˽ïŭķҶɢһɱϢ
ڲм䣬һǧķʯ㳡㳡һʮɿԲμ̳̳Ͽ˸ƣ̳ڿ˵ɱˡ
ʯ㳡ʱѾۼ˲ˡ
ΪɱÿοҪķѲԪʯһֻῪһΣʱ丮߶ԸμˣǿһҪѺһԪʯһԺܹϣһǰϣԪʯᱻ˻ȥˡ
ֹ涨Ϊ˶žһЩʵûʲôĵӱŲײ̬μˣ¿Ա࣬һ춼ꡣ
µӵһβμӿʱѺԪʯڿƾ֮ǰǵμɱ󿼺ˣɱУǵı岻ˣڻֹɱе÷
˵ɢ˶飬߽ʯ㳡Ҫһɱ̳ʱˣǼǰƵŲԡ
ͬʱŲҲһ˿Цݵ
ҵˣɱ󿼺μӣٺ٣ڴı֣ϣܽǰһٰˣ̫û˼ˡ
Σģôû𣿡仰֪ϴŲԵָʹġ
ŲԲΪ⣬ں鱻֪
ŲЦһ֮ĵӣʮţÿǰһǲףôμɱȾ磬ģ
ûȤϻһеһºȻˡʱϣ㻹Цĳ
⻰Ҫ͸ġ
ŲԺĶĶѾúܿ˶֪£һЩֻĵſµӵһԿһЩмŲԵľٶϾ۸ӮԪʯΪݵġ
ʱҲˣԸϸ߰壬Ȼƴ
ʱʯ㳡ļ̳Ȼâʢ̳ϵķһսʼˡ
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˽֮ɱֱӽɱ¾ĳɼӳϣõյ
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⣡ȻЩܴȴҲûдҲ֪Ӯ಻̫ܣȴȻұȡ
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ܽһٰʮѾǳѵãһʮǾţһʮǾͿ˵漣ˣʮѵһɭؿ඼ûܡһٶʮ壬˵Ҫǰ壬ôӮ
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һβμӲԵʮ˷׷ϼ̳վλãתִ˵ʱ䲻ޣɱصĵ˵һ֣ɱ۷ĵ˵֣صʮ֣۷ʮ֣صһٷ֣۷ٷ֣һǧ֣۷ǧ֡
ߵȼ൱ڣɱһ֣ǿƾѡΪʧܡ
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ִ»䣬̳һ⣬ԵʮȫԵЩģˡ
ڼ̳УһƬŵİɫУǰиʽؽ󵶡̵ʿǹȵȡ
ѳһǳͳУ˹ߣٷ֮ʮýý˵а˳óģйоصȴ仯ˣ쳣
Կʼǰ߰ͷޣĸߣǵʵӳصزȡ
ĿһЩˣԸˣȻʱȴ̫ˣÿɱһˣ̳һµĵˣµ˵ʵҪǿ
ɱͳصߡ
ۻһһʮֵʱƺһˣһٰʮֵʱ屻һһ̴СѪעʱ̣ߵԴԼͬʱҲҽġ
յ÷֣һپʮ֡
屻ɱ˳ɫ԰ףȴûлȥҲΪӦֻɱֻʹ̣ʵûˣЩʹֻΪ񾭱ɱ̼˶ѡ
Ȼһ̳ϵɫʱˣԭȻǵһ̭ģ֮⣬ʮһȫڼ̳ϣ


59 Ĳ
һ̳ϵɫʱˣԭȻǵһ̭ģ֮⣬ʮһȫڼ̳ϣ
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ȻѾ˵˲廹Ƕɼǳһٶʮ࣬δ̫Щ
һֶۣԷɫȻȻʮ򶨡
һʵȻǿҲ˵ǿףҲһʮܽһ壬ĶŲŵһˣ˵ߣһҲô
ʱм˱ɱ˳ǵһٶʮһʮ֮䡣
ֹһм˱ȻҲУճɼһٶʮûܴﵽǰҪ
һŵҩԻָһ£һЦݵ壬֮С
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սȭͷȻ֪ıɣҪһսʧȥģպֻ
һʮ𣿺ٺ٣˵㡣ç֪ķЦ˵
ΣҲһٷֵӣɱĸ۷ĵ˾ˣڱ߾ɱͬߣξԽǰһ壡ôĴָ˴Ǽ⣬սʮ㣬۷壬ΪӶĵĶɱսԶʤͬߡ
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˵۷սǿǿȵϳ׽ڵߣȴҪ˵Χ֧һʱ׷ܡ
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˱ɱ󵯳ʱ򣬿ʯĳɼǲһɴܸУǵʵȻûɱǰһʮ
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ȻɽΪ˵վȱʵսɣҲȱľŵԺ߾Щ似գɽ类ɱ˳ճɼһʮǰһٰˣֻǷǳѵã㲻þš
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٣һ̨ˣ
֪һô˵ֳĵر˵ܽǰһ塣
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Ǽ˼СɣƽģСֻŵĳ̶ȣɱСҪԿֻܶ࣬ʮ꣬ܽһһ߾ǾˣһģһģɭؿࡢŹǵһοʱҲΣһɱ󿼺Ƽһܱȵģ
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ΪЩԭ򣬶ͨ˵һĵ̫ңԶͲһѧУģԻɭؿࡢŹء


60 Ⱥ
ڣҲЩ˵ۣתͷʯɭؿࡢŹʯǰ˵츳ȴǷġ
ŹߣΪ丮ǺĵУΨһһƷ츳ˡ
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Ȼ֪֮ҲӰʵһܴأȴΪ֮ĻôӰ졣
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ͬʱǰʮӰЩӰУߣҲޣǵʵӳص۷岻ȡ
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꣡һһùһŵɳȥһȭߵϥǡ
ԪһشɺԪٶҲ֮һ̨ףһȭǱԨٶޱȡֻ߲ʶ㿪Ȼ˫ڵϽһһɨߵĺġ
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Ҿ֮УԽһΪж֣ɼ԰Ȼȴ֪ʵŲԻ˵㣡
ʮ֣Ѿٶˡ

һʱˣûһֲסģҲ̨վȵģȻ塣
ȵģˣõο˵һĽ赤ӮĽ߳൨裬ҩûдﵽأҲʵǣҪΪ츳ƷеȾ
̨Ͽ˵ʱ̨µȻٲһۣʱŲ˫۽汧ǰһӣʵ֮Уû˼ˡ
ȼȼһһܿ죬ڶҲյ˾ͷ


61 ǹ
ˡçɫЩѿǵʱûܼôã֤Ѿȳǣܿܽǰһ壡
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ʱ򣬷âһһ˱˳ȴǵ֮õһϵӣճɼһʮߡ
һʮüһƾʮɱǰһˣǸɭؿࡢŹ˵ͬĳɼ
˵ڳжһݣˣʯ״򲻶ǰǵʵȵĵ߳һأǳʲôĵرҲãʱʲôҲգ֮ˡ
½ֻۣʱ䳬˰ˣҪɱв죬ʱ䶼ܵĻ˵ûٷ֡
ţ˵ʱ䳤һ÷ָߣοղųǸϵҲһʮߣոսǰһ壬ǿȥɡ

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ǹˣҪиնȣҪеԣһĸûеԣǹˣľͷӣȻԺãǸնȲ㣬ᣬɱͨҸƴɱױһնϡ
һѸƷʵıǹֵҪͬǱĵһ࣡
ս߿ٵĿǱѡ񣬹ǹЩ֪ʶȫǴϲġ
ȻڸǿȵսУıǴɣո¾һ˿ͬһֱڿһ֮յıܹȻһʱ䣬һһĽǶбֻñһʹѪ
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СӣǼֲסˣһһ˻Ǽñ˺ã丮ţѾˣǿɲٶһѹͷϡ
Ѿ̬ˣѾˣټȥҪˡ
군ɼҲܵһ˰ɡ
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϶ǳ˺赤ͽ߳൨ʵȻǵҩʵҲСŲȭͷܵһѹ


62 ճɼ
˵ĲᣡתԪѹסƣ˿ȻѪ
˿Ѫҵ½ܲսˣȻˡĿһ˵˵еһ׽ڵ߻ֻ֩롣ˣƴɱĵʱڵõսҲ̫Ӱɼ
ǹ
һ֮ǰʧ˵ٶȳ֣һ˰ǹС
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ǹǹ˳˳ߣǹͷ˴磬ǹۣټϴǼصǹشﵽٰʮһǹɨȥҪɨϡ
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ǹһЦֳ˰ǹȻһɨһصԲĻӽȥֱӱ˴ɨɣ
ȣһȻһǵصɱ֮ʮǿбһ֮Ȼòǰ
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˻֩³˿ֱؿ˿Բˣұ֮ʸһ㣬ֱӶ˵壡
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ȻȴܣȻֱðǹ˿˿ϸǹҲֻһ㣬ٵĶײһǹһ̸ף
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ոս丮²ڹսȴ뿪ܿЩսĳ棬ȻֻܿЩɱУѧκζȻûȤˡ

֣ʱ˳̡á
˳ϵ̣ǰʷ˹Ҫƾãǰ˹ʱþѾǰֺˡ
ԶԶãŲ¥űԢ⣬ſ̽Ĵƣֱʷأֻǿһۣͻоʣдֵ˱Ҳһ֡
еĿ˲࣬Щһ֣имǶ͹۷ǿߣľЩ˾ֻһ֮ңȻһޱȼѡ
丮ƷȻᣬҲ˵Աע⣬丮ĵӣλǺܸߵġ
ʲô
ǹ˵
ŶǵԱ΢΢һǹ˲࣬УҲһǿ󺺣һЩʲôųɾ򽣵ģû뵽ֻʮһھҪǹ


64 ӵĹ
Ҫʲôǹʲôλ
бôʵ
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ʵȷʵûôǮԤһ£ȻǮ
ǵûбǹҪҪĵкܶࡣ
ôԸʧû뵽ҲûбǹⱦǹҲ̫ˡ
ǵԱ˵ⱦǹ̫٣ȴСǰﵹһˣͱԤȥˡ
Ŷ֪˹ߺǹİɣⱦǹ֣
ţ֣ǺãӻõһЩǹΪǹ̫٣ЩսպյĽҲûбǹҪ˹򵽱ǹѡ
ԭˣˣǹǾõıԹĽ죬˳ǹģɣҲôصꪵȵЩǹĳƾ赶ģûм
о̣Ҫսʱ򵶽Ե̫ˣԾҪõꪡáǹìЩǹìõģһǹ֣ҾҲɱɱһɳĴǹһȦɱʮǽ֮ıĪġ
Ժɨǧǹеʽ
˹ĽʱõǽξҲҪѧǹ
ҲգⱦǹԺ˵ҪЩģǹļ۸ܿҪƽҲûôǮǰǮǴľõģķȻֵƣҲľǲõô࣬Щ鷳ľѾˣƽǸСĿҪˡοһЩǹҲᵽĶȥΪߣұҲѷӳ
ţˣҿǹɣҪǹ
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뿴Աǹ˵˹
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˿ľǽľϲ˿ǵ˵ϣټϸ⹤գǹ˾ԲսбնϣԳϵ˵ıȫԷġ
Ľܣͷһһ۵ǹˣ̾Ȼôӣҽľϲ˿Ȼ˿󣬵ôҲԼֵƣ˿ľҲʮְ󣬺οǼ
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޹ֻôһǹͨղԲȲһҲҪǹ䣬ȫͿԵұһȥ
ƵǹĵطǸӣǹòã˷ֿӣֿǹͷǹͷռһЩһõǹͷҲͼƽѡɵǹͷҲ˰ܼ۲ᳬǧô
ǹˣЩֵĸоǹ˵ԺͶҲ˵ָоһ
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ǹˣ˰ƽ𡣡
Ȼ󣬵Ǵǹռ򵥣Խǹˣˡ
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ǵƤ΢΢꣬ôֱް
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أҪصģ
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65 ǹ
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ƶ˹˸񣬶˵˼䡣
ŶλҪһǹȤĿҪصǹ
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˰ٽоһ˰ٽǹҪǧõˣ
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ǣҸ㿴һǹ
˵վһңƬ֮һľϻ˳Ȼֻ߶ȴ֣ÿһȵľʵذ塰֨ѽ֨ѽ죬ľάظ
Ȼеľϻʮֳأ
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ڵǹˣ˷ִֵǹ˿ɰΣȥϺϱֵĴǧߣһƾǹӵĲܰ˸
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˼£˰ٶʮɣԲˣıսСԪţҲܿľ
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˿۾΢΢һԪ˧ˣ
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Ȼ˵赭д֪ѾԪ˧Ҫ򲻿йһˣЦԭˣȻԪ˧Ĺͣǹֻǧˡ
лҲû飬һƽǶǶãʲô
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ٴɽĿյأΪŰ˰ٶʮǹڽŵ׵Ĳݵϣһһѡ
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66 丮Դ
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һϲϳǹɽȥȻõ˼£Ϊǹԭٶǰɣƽʱ䣬ľ֦ϽԾȻڣȴֻڲݵϣǹһȾͶˡ
Щ㲻ûжţ˷ܣʱ̱ôصǹҲһ

һӺ丮䳡ѾվʮҲ߰˰ˣ̧׳һ
Դϸ棬Լɡ
ǣ̹١뵽֮Уһ丮ϸͼϸ丮ĸԴ㡣
й⹩ɱнױľ̶ٲҿߡʯ¡綴߸ϳƽľˮߴɱ
߸󷨳תĵԪʯɲһСĿ
ȻȻһֱתһܹʮһ丮ѧ̫࣬⹩ÿԴҪʯˣʯϵĵӸûнʸʯϵĵʱ䡣
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븴̫鷳һֻй±Щ̫ܻӭȻкܶӻѡһʱϻгͻΰʱ䣬Ҫˣ͵ĵӸѡŹѡҲû̫
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67 Ʒ似
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ΪǹȻˡ֣Ʒߵӣ⣬Уȿסǹ
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ġŵԡھϣóŵԡʱԪڽϻûŵɫģ似Ѥޱȣ⡶ŵԡ˵ǹ̫ͨˣֻ򵥵ǹʽԲűΪ˽ƷΪ򵥵һࡣ
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ѡǹֿ֮ʼѡЩṦ
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ȥȻȭȱʧ˲٣µĲȻܴʾ
ԪȭƵһ£ﵽԴ˽𶯴ݵڣݻٵ˵塭ԭˣдȭǰضԪź⣡
ĹȻҲ˵жܴ½˶벻ܴ½ʷɲĴоѾ꣬ľҲĳЩﵽһĳɼΪ棡
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68 ѡ
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Ψһһ׵ؽƷĹȭǲȱģֻвοֵɣôģ
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㲻ҪȭľҲûɣѡ似Ļǳ˷һξһ似ȻԺǰһлѡ似һ似վϧ
лл̹٣ҿˡ
ðɣ㡣ҡҡͷЩţһһ׼˵û˸ıˣҲգһοɡԿ᳤ԡ
ѡ˹似ҲдЩԱߵıǩϣ쵽öԿףԿʵһɫʯͷһɫġ
ÿһöԿ׶Ӧһ׹ѡ깦ͻᱻϵ󷨷ûп󷨵Կף˲Ҳʲôˡ


69 ˿
ںɽƧ֮أԼСԺʯϣƽĵϢһöҶתƮ䣬Ϣļϡյ糿ճ֮ǰ𴲣ɽˬ֮״̬
ǰʯϣšȭһײȱĵؽ׹СգҲҪܸߵԲܽ໥ӡ֤ںϡ
츳޹أȴ츳ϵ츳Ʒȡߵ츳ձƫͣ츳˹Ǿˣ൱츳еƷϵȡ
յʲô룬׼һʱ⡶ȭ
뵽УԺиֳȭĲȱھ
⡶ȭһʼĲ־Ͳȱˡ
ȭȱʧﵽ߳ɣȱʧֻں벿֣žܹɡȭǰС֣ڡȭʼȱʧȱʧֹᴩķɡ
޹⡶ȭڽʽԪȭĵȻ򵥣ȴ֪ϰŵһòȱˣ
Ժļ䣬ȴϡ˿ŵģ䡣
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˼еţԪ𶯵ʼǺ
ļУϸСĵԪɣ۹⡢ѪҺˣЩϸСԪȳҪСȻȴӵжӵĽṹŲͬãΪﵽ㹻ľ磬ԪУʱͿԷЩϸСԪ
ÿһԪǶ
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λܵļ䣬൮֮ĸ֮УһϸСԪġʱΪϸСԪֻһƵʵȻһ£̥Ϣġ
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ϥתԪԼĺϵϸСԪĺ
һΣΣĺԽԽƳģоԼĺƵʽһ΢ľ磬ʶʼģÿڵϸСԪ·ĺʼһȸͬˮһӿš
ϵĲ򣬻䣬Ժһһ졣
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ЦԼʵţһصʱ򣬾ԳҪ׷ңһѡһЩŶѧĹˣԺãҲûʱġ
ŵĹҪԤԼԤԼʱĳ̾Ҫˣʱһ߸ѡʱİʱĻĩβǸܹѧϰʱٵĿ
һ˵߸˵Умӣϰ⹦ʱѾã̶ȣ߹ٿûˣҪ쳤վõϰʵս
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丮Ĺ涨ײĿŵĶԸһЩ
ŲԺһһܵѰң鿴ǩϵ֡ȲȻǡӰȶķȻЩǩȻȫУţ˶ΣѰҴһĹûҵӰӡ
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֪ѡĹŲ˵ף̫߿ˣʯһٶʮ֮ҲΪǸڿǰֻãʵԺҪ˦ѡ׹ƾô֣


70 ̶ٲ
֪ѡĹŲ˵ף̫߿ˣʯһٶʮ֮ҲΪǸڿǰֻãʵԺҪ˦ѡ׹ƾô֣
ŲΪ츳ֻǹ͡ĻҲʲô˻ǣ˵ĲԽԽԶ
֪ʲˣԲѡѧĹûŵˣʲô䣿
ŲԵĻüͷԽԽ˵ŲԣȰ㲻ҪУȻѡ񣬵˾ûţˣ֮һصĿ˴ɭֵļ¼
һ˵ŲԲ˵ˣþأӣԶȻһʱ䴳þζʲô
ңѡʲô似
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ȱʧʴﵽ߳ɵġȭƽ򶨣ǩҲǵɴ۾ô
⡶ȭƷֻ֪Ǵ¹ΪؽƷƷĹܲȿ¶ǲ⴫ĸ߼似Ҫɣһܱ丮Ĳ
׵ҲŹԥûԥͷˣ˵丮֮ĵһŹ񣬰ȺĵӣҲûһԲ⡶ȭ⡣
Ƿˣ˵ѡ񡶻ǹ͡׻⣬ѡ񡶷ȭֻһ׳ա
ʲҲɣӱ˵˲Żѡ似ŲԷ̵Σȴûٷ֪״ʲô⡣
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İɣԶԶҵĶ֣ʮĶĶһĳס
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71 Բ
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ٲ̶Ȼɱ󣬵Ҳ̺˻棬ͬʱܹʮǱ˴˿ԷһһϾû˭ԸʱԸԱ˿š
תһۣѾȫڵ磬·ٲǿ֮һ㡣ǰĺ̶аɷԲε纮ȻԶǿ񱩵ٲȻ⺮̶ȴĳ棬һ˿ˮƶûУΪں䣬̶ıƯһ뵵ˮڰУС
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޷ٽ״̬ú̶֮ˮ壬ԪתǾԪҩЧҲϵıԪǱĬĴӼƤĤȥ
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ɻˣʵϣԪܸǵߵÿһѪ⡣
һ壬ǿԵĽԪעУѼʽıЧޣһ͵ƿΪ©ûеõԪͻ¡©㡱
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䣬ҪתԪȥҪÿһϸСԪȥ䣬Ԫ
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ʶЩһ޹Щ˹߼ȫ丮Դټʳڣڣͻ̫ͨˣĪ˵ɭؿǵȾţֻƷ츳вҩ֧֣Ҳͻڣ
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ҪߴɱеԴ


72 ҩ
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ЩȻмȴûеһʱʹҩǽ𣬺úõϴһ裬ɴϸСԪĺƵʣ״̬
ⵤҩضҪͻƾ磬Ԫ࣬һ£Ūûӣ˵Ķ࣬߳൨ҩЧĻҩһ˲ӣ㲻ԼŲסҩЧ߻ħѶ
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״̬ﵽ۷ԴԪĸ֪౶ҹʱ֣ţԲٲĳնףȷΧûʲô˺Ž߳൨ҩһȡ˳
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ڴһεɱ󿼺ˣûжּԼʵֻȥˡ


74 ٲǹ
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䣡һȭҳʯ·شݺݵһ£أ𶯲ֹ͵شǧٽǧٽﵽǧٽ֮ػأ
һһȭڲʯ֮󣬹ﵽĳһ߶ȼգ۵ʱһȭȴǧٽǧٽ֮˶ʮʱ䣡
Ԫ񶯣˿ﵽЧ
ҵȭǧٽﵽǧٽ֮䣬ƾ˿ȴܽȭݵ˵ڣߵ࣬ҳã಻׵ߣһȭɣ׽ǿߣһȭҲҪѪˣ
⡶ϼص˿ƻֲǿµĹλǰµġȭƺֻǿƻȴܴﵽϸСԪľ磬棬վǲһ

丮ĵڶʮһ졣
峿ʱ֣Źǹߴɱеĺ̶ٲػ󷨵ִлĿЦŴкʦܣô簡湻ڷܵġ
ʦ硣òĴкϲ糿Ͱʱ̶ٲΪʱԤԼ٣һܹԼλá
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һӺŹǹٲ̶лŷ֣ĽŲǳأɽȲݵϣһȾһѡ
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ʯϽ˫Ȼֲȵ˵ڶ͹ʯ˼ΣŹǹٲ֮£
ٲ̶к̶ٲٲһǱޱȣˮٳ߸߶к̺ǧ
ٲ֮£гˮеľ޴ʯǴٲ̶רŪģٲٲôʯͱǧ޾ĳˣ
ôĳվʯ֮ϣȴԼվӣȻѾѡˮСĵطٲ̶ˮƺأֱ
ȣһǹ̽ʯ֮УץŹǹǹվӣ̺ǧ֮ٲ֮ˮļϱϣشûһʹоҪɢˡٲ֮ˮ溮ޱȣΪˮŵĸ죬תԪҲоϵ裬ʹ
ճǹ΢СԪĺ˿ľ磬ƾ𶯵Ԫǿվӡ
һһڵԪѭѾҲԽվԽȡ
γʯϵĹǹûкɨûɱûгκǹУǼ򵥵Ľǹ
ǹΪٱ֮ɨɱ軨ֱ̣ЩǹпƼ򵥣Ҫȴʮֲף°ȭǹ⻰ɲ޵ķʸ
ǹһֳһ糤һǿͬıǹɣԪ似ܷӳֲĹͷΧɱˣսƴɱ佫ǹꪵģýֻǾʦĽ
Ƿһ̣һ׼ȻǹǿΧ󣬵ʤھ׼ذ׾͸׼ˣԴ̿ذ׵Ķ࣡һڲ䣬ذ׾׼һû˵ĸ̿ʹһǹҡеġ
ˣǹҪľ׼
ϰǶ꣬ǳǳǹѾʮ׼ȷɱʱԾ׼Ĵмٷ˿Ȼȫ£ʵսУԵ˵似ԪŰҪһǹе˵ҪͲôˡ
ԣǹĵһǹУҪǹˣ
ʱ˫ƽ˹ǹĺΣ߳ɵǹԡٲ֮Уֿˮǧ
ǹش˰ٶʮǹ˳˳ߣǹͷ˴磬ĳȣ󲿷ٳٲУټǹҪ̸ף
ֱϵǧٽҲ˵ǹͷһΣ
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ҧôһʱ䣬͸оֱЩˣǹҲٲѹĴȥ


75 Ķ֮
һ߿ֱϵһתԪԿٲĺ䣬СԪ֧ţҲоŲסˣ
ֱۿʼͷСϵһıֹ˰ʱ䣬Ņһ죬ǹǹڱٲˮݺݵĳʯϣʯϣڴڵĴо˫۶ԼˣڵԪҲġ
ͨٲˮʯһǹ̳ʯ֮ϣˮסӡ
һӵʱ䣬ѾˣϧʱҪһԪʯͺˣҺָܻܿܿҪŲԵĶĶӮԪʯһӣ֮ҾͱԼ취ˡ

ʱһһĹȥÿں̶ٲǹʱǹͬʱҲڴ壬߳൨ҩѾȫգȻΪͣڳأǾѾ׹ˡ
ʱ䣬Լʮʱʱȫ꣬һ죬ѾܶŹǹһٲվһʱһʼĽ׶Σǹֱʱ֮󣬲ŻῪʼСΧ
ֹ죬丮һµʱ䣬𴲣վľſǰһ֮£ֳֹǹǹβ˫ƽ죬һ˰˰ٶʮصİ˳ߴǹ˵ˮƽ
ڹǹǹϣһ룬װˮȽ£һˮǰû·Ƿһƽȡ
ʱþȥ̶ٲֻҪԴ취ϰˡ
һֱʱ֣򵥳˵㶫Ϣһ£㱳˹ǹֱ丮䳡죬ŲԶĶˡ

ȻʱѾյǺܶģʱһ㣬ʱ̣ͨ˺ʱŵģڼ˯Ȼ丮䳡ȴۼ˲ˡ
Щ˵д丮֮ú֮õĵӣ֮ҲһЩȻʱⶾЩȴû˿գƵᣬݲȵӣȻûһӹ֡
Ųԡ塢˶ĶӣĸУ˵ĵһڶʵǿϵӣͷ丮ӵĹעˡ
֮õĵ֣֮ú֮ĵǵľУ壬ԺȻȥ֮ĵҲСǣȻԺˣڣǵʵһЩ
ʤûжǰҲսûôӮογսŲǸ֣ûʲôϣһ֮ĵӿ˿䳡һԼʱУ˵
ȷʵˣǧСս丮ʱһûϴεɱ󿼺ܳһٶʮ˲õĳɼǶŲ԰ˣҪǶ࣬㲻Ҫ﷭
˵ɣϾ츳ޣȻϴɱû̫࣬ǳ˿˽żƷҩеЧһʱ䣬׷ࣿ
츳㻹츳أʲô˶鵤ҩ֮ڱֳʵѾȫ츳˭ҪΪ츳С϶ҪԿһ֮ӿ϶˵
ٺ٣߿ˣϴȥʱרѡĹ˵ǵ֮õӹϳǻ˲˵ĹעƵ˵ѡĹǡǹ͡һȱ˵ʲôȭƾЩһжٽϴõһٶʮΪͬʱ˺赤ͽ߳൨öҩҩһͷҲΪˣϾ츳ޣ˸߽׹͸߽似ƾ򵥵Ļôܸϳࣿ
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ʲôǹ͡ȻѡЩֹôǿģΪѡӰ֮ġ
ӰֹȻãһóɵô츳ôһҲޣԼ֪֮Բѡ򵥵ģǵſɣζĶϵĹ⻷͸ñժˣ˵ǵֻζ丮ôʱѾ֮ǰˣкܲˬ
ʱȺдһɧԶһȺԶóһԼĪʮӲ˹
һݣɫ㣬һѺɫؽȻֻ߶ȴһɷƣ·˾һѳʵ汦һ㡣
һˣĽ׳ߴ󣬻һɫİ˳߲߳ȽϢһѳĽӡͻᷢÿӡļȫһ£һߣ಻٣丮жṦ߲ı֡
ɭ
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ⳡģǵ֮õĵӣ֮ȻҲʮʮԺλ֮аĩβģԼ˼ȥԲ
ɭؿ࣬ʯĵλ״򲻶ȻҲ֮ڲĶĶ


76 ɭؿ
丮ɭؿࡢŹžȨ丮ļĵӶⲻϣ˴ӽ丮Ϳʼλʯǰһֱֵڣѹñ˰ƢûУ
ʯֻʾʾ÷֣û˵˵ٷ֣д˵Ź˵֣Ҳ֪١
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ŲԺǲˣȻǿ껹ûɱʯǰһ٣ֲɭؿעҲǲƷϵ츳ȻǾɭؿҲֻһˣ״ɱǰһٰʮĳɼǲֵùעôֻ
Ҫڵһɱ󿼺оͳ嵽һٶʮŹ񶼱ȥ˵Ǻηʥ
ʱȺ֮УŲԺոյΪɭؿ࣬ǵķͷȫˣû˹עĶĵˡ
ŲȻΪɭؿĶǳԼģôĵȻʶŲʮֲӮɭؿעȴҲϣ
ߣȻСңһ֪ǵжϵ޴ʹ󣡡Ų԰սȭͷ
Ҳҧ˵ŲԣǲҪӮҪӮøɾ䣬֮ڽ֪Сһڽ£Ҫñ˿ˣ
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ؿ࿪˵ǸǹƲڵģҵĹƲһһǹڰ˰ٽϣǹ̺ʮֱֲֿԼʮš
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ŶѲɻΪӮؿԼѾǸ߿ˣ츳һܵľУû뵽ɭ۸ߣ
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ɭȻļգǲǺɱ¾֮ģɭѪɱ̫أƳħ
Ȼͬ˷أڱϺҪ˭Сˡ
ɭ츳ΪƷµȣƼ丮츳ֻ㻹ԣȴƾǿ֮ռ丮֮һλãڣϿȥӰӣ뿴ǲҲܴ漣
ɭҲȷ仹ӮҼǵãڴɱʱ򣬻۷ΪȴѾˡ
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ʵ󣬷ߵʵһĿȻʱŲԺȻҲע⵽ʵ
Сӣ߹ʺˣʱͻˣ
Ǻ赤ͽ߳൨Чö鵤һȥҩЧͷųͻһ粻֣򵱳Ҳܳ嵽ʯһٶʮŲҪСģԿ
ߣ̫ˣǡǹ͡ȵĹҲûʲôֻжԼʵûŵĴĲŻѡҵĵһ֣ıǹҵ½ǣ
ʱеӰָʱ̣ʱ䵽ˣ


77 ʱԻ
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ߡһȻ̨ĶĶҲһ졣
壬йóƲװģĲ̫󣬼츳ϼѣҲһ֮׷Ӯãսƶڣʮѵˡ
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һȻûܴﵽ۷壬ҲԪĳ̶ȸӳףصΪ
ľŵԽЦеϧһԶ
ɣһһնȥڰ֮УĽϻɫ˸ŹĹâ
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мֱ£ǻԶնֽ
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ŽϥڵϣֲȥǵѪĶ࣬˦ӳԪʯ
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սʽʼŲԳûе⻤ֱŵ߰˴磬磬ֽһ֪һ쵽µĵ
ʣ⵶һΪ丮һҵĵӣ㲻ҳҲױƾЩźõһʲô
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78 ֽӰ
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֮ǰϰǹ͡ĵ֮õȻŸղŷһУ૵˵԰԰ǡǹⲻܰ

磬ղһһȭ㿴ôؿһԵɭϴ֮ɫ
ɭüҲû壬ĵһЩ棬ҲûпôţһĵǵǵУƲû£ո˵ôĵҲģһã־ûˣ
ؿĵһȥҲԻ˵֣οŲԵϻעԪ࣬ộֲ֮ǰ˵ǹʱȻΪŲԻֵǹ
ؿ˵䣬Լоյ丮һµʱ򣬿ɾûаսʯһҵĵӡ

һƣȷʵɭ˵ûĵУĳ׼˿Ԫ𶯶ֵػŸֵ
ʱŲվʮԶĿѾ˾֮ɫղһһȭһɲĸо
ŲԵƾǽ񶷣ԸǹҲѵȡʤ֮ڣҲûаȥȭơ
ҧҧŲ˫սȷʵҾȣ㲻ҪΪӮˣǿһ
ܽսŲԻ似


79 
ܽսŲԻ似
һϵƶȻԪƴĹע֮УԭȻĶһ֮ɫѪһ㣡
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ŲԽٹͷѪĺŲԵĵ籡ΧоȻۿɼĳɫ֮һϼԴԴϵĻ۵ŲԵ֮С
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ֳǹСǹƽУѹǹβش˰ٶʮ˳߰˴Ĺǹƽȵĺ˳ȥǹ˿·һ㣬ǡǹʽ
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ŲԶĶʱŲд˵Լ˾͸ʮԪʯ¶нпࡣ
ŲжʮԪʯҲŴԪʯϣŲһңԼһЩţĴһ£ճ˶ʮš
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뿼ֻʣ죬ڼʵʵº赤
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һŲԣֳĶСҼʵôͣʵеߵˣάϵһǰҪ丮ֵԴұߵһЩ˵ע⵹ҲûʲôҪңҲֻǲұһʦ顭

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ç˶ûеǶϴƾĸ񶷵õһʮ֮ǰĳɼѾǵļޣҪڶʱڽס
ЩȺУвμӿ˵丮ӣһЩ丮ԱǶۼɽȵһǣԶԶɱǸ鱨ԱǵĹǵһʱ佫仯ǵӡ
丮Ĺ涨ɱߴЩط丮Ľأ˵Ⱦ
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Ŷûôðɣʵãֻܼʱ䣬ôҵĺãڸ丮һµʱּܼأ
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丮ѧʵ丮ʱԽãҲԽǰ
Ľˣ׾ЦЦȥƽˣǰֻܼ㣬ɱǰһ٣ɼҲ԰丮һһֻĹ

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̾Ȼ֪⼸һֱǿžĪ˵ЩҵˣĸõҲһĸʮ귽ˣҪˣ֪ĸŮ˸ж౯ҡ


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ֵ丮һ³ֵҪμӿˣɽǹȥ£ˣȴʲôϣʮݺս꣬ݹڹңռƸ鱦Ůؼرǹؼһߵ̫ˣ룬ҲòʮĶˡ
ΪΪȨҪ£˲žҪӦĴһӵĲƸҲǺʵҪ׼֮һòǮƣ˭Ϊ
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Сֵ꽻أиǿʦ丮ֻİˣóõĹҲδۣҡ¼ǲǵһǰõ°æһѣգҲ丮ѧ˵ĵ죬ݺЩ
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̫ϲɫϵȻԽԽǰڸҩҽʦĵ£߰ʱ䶼⣬ôʱ䣬Ѿ㹻һųɳˡ
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Ϊõģ֮٣Ͼ˻˻λĻˮһѺ˱ɾٲˣ
ߣľףֻһߣѾʮˣ丮ɭΪ۷壬սѾӽˣ
ٸ꣬ǻ˵ã
׼ͳΪһɭ
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óһȼȻ֪ɽ˲ŪȴҪȷһ顣
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һοʮţ
ľԴΪиʦ֮󣬶Ϸκ飬гõĽٹ°ɭˣľҲǾһ£ȻΪġ

ֽӵͬʱʮҲӵµĴʮӲû̫ʵ¸ֱ̫ӶĶ࣬Ӱ˳Ȧɵĺ䶯С丮ʮһţ
Լ£ɻĲʿиౣֹ״̬˶뵽Լ£ŻḶ£
ڣӵµĴʮӵɫȻˣ
丮һ£ڶοˣΪأʯɼʮ
ȫɱɭ
丮δйļ¼
۷Ϊ丮֮ѾеţҾȥˣҲʮҵĵףȴŵʮΪ˰ףֱ
пܻΪһɭĸ֣׿ɼдľ޴Ӱ̸սʮΪ֮ľˣ
ˣֻʮ꣬Ϊųأż߿ռ䣡
Ҳ丮ѵһţ£˳ǵϢ˶ҡɣˣ
£ʲôԸ
׼ƽ鱦䣬ʮµľɫŮʮˣūͰˣڴԭɽׯţѴԭɽׯĶĵҲ׼ˣ
ðľʹͣɲˣҪ˭ȥһׯӣƽ鱦£һҲ˰ɣ
ʮгʵϣЩʹͻǴҪģаյһ˽Ʒؼϴһ֮õģƾ£˲ߡ
ְ֣ҪһˣóЩҵʮ֮һҿ㻹ôȵȫ汻ѹƵʱҲõȵϼһͻᶯֲ֣
λעҵˣʮʶץץƣ·ҪеһƿС


91 ǹָ
ɱʯ㳡
۾һ仰û˵ɫѾָ΢΢Ŀȴűĺ⡣
ĮȻ׶ӣǳбһ죬ֻһû뵽һ˿졣
¾վֵĽ䣬ʯ׵Ķţȫãˣô
˻ûдлعʱɱִͻȻ˵ϲõɱʮ丮Ĺ涨ǽǰʮĵӣʸ֮κһսӮ˱Խ֮Ϊ֮һԱ߱ᱻ̭֮֮á
丮֮ԱΪʮˣʮǰսŵģɱ
ʯϵȻܻӦʵ룬ʱһЩضְҵ̿ͣóɱгɱɱȴɱԼĶ֡
丮涨ǽʯǰʮĵӣԻս֮ӵʸһ˵ս֮ˡ
һʯʯϣ֮ӵֻȵ֮õԴһ۱֮ܿǸаޣǸʮŮӣʮ塣
֮ŮӲ࣬Ʒµ츳丮꣬ϸ²ǿǿļ֮ڲŸһ£λöûȣȴۿҪȥˡ
ڳͰ͵ĿĿʯϣ֪ûϷˣʮʱһɱģԼҲŪˡ
ԵĴһ򣬲оʵʵɣϣǿ̬ļһ飬̫ˡ
޺֪֮Ѿˡ
ڳĿⶼ˰ϣǶԤϵҪˣŮӻܲͬģƽʱҲڿҿҵģһСӣ¶ﶼֻĸоˡ
ѡôִʵ
ţѡˡش𣬡һ⣬սʱ䷽ʲôô
սʱԼһڣΪʮδսĻôɥʧսʸ񡣡
ллִʦˡ
ѡôҪֱ֮ĳϡ
ţѡˣʱ䶨һºѡתͷǹһ۾΢΢һָһһٵ˵ѡף
ף
ֶǴסˣǸа޵Ůǲŵı顣
ʯ㳡ǰδеļž
ѡľȻǡף
Ϊˣǿǹ⣬ָ׵ϣ
ƣ
ǹָˣƣ
ʮףﲻݣ
ķˣĽ촽鶯ԡҷˡһ·裬һ·漣Ҫٲ裬ҾҪˡ
׾ҲǾ̾ѣ׼һ³ף
ʮʮҪ֪ԽϣǰѶȾԽ󣡴һʮһʮѣǴʮʮѶȴ˼
Լһʱ䣬Ŵʮǰʮ
ǰСʵ޵ĺܣ
Ϊһʱ䣬ڰ׾ǰ丮ӱҵ˶ʮˣҲ˵׾ʵǰֻʮѣ
˼ˡؿЦ˵ûƺг𰡣ҪȻôôԣ
ţȷʵϵôҸоղһ˲䱬ɱȴɲǹָףһˡɭӦȻ׵ɱ˲ԣɭսս꣬⣬ɱΪС
׿ǸˣȻҳȴܹŬʵǿҰĲС˵ҪڳҰзƸ꣬Ҷһﶼ˼ע⣬ףеĿˣؿ˷ܵ촽£պܴܿӾδز뵽ЩС
һº󵽵׽Σû˸˵
ǰǻ˵ԲڣһٵĴ漣ȴҲû˸һһ

ţʲôҪսףǹֱָĪǣʲôڣڶ̫ӵһʱõս׵Ϣ
ָյսǹֱָȷʵͬѰ֮䣬Ӧ÷һЩ顣ľҲ˵
гôʤִһݣʮܵıܣѾʮһһٹ٣һֻǲ֪ʲôڣҵ鱨Щ©ˡ
µСˣ֪̫Ѽ鱨Ҫǹĳ͸ĸܾϸš

磡еĲ豭ֱӱķ飬ղ̫Ӽͬһʱյ˴
սǹֱָԲʲôͷûôôˣֱף
ףǸ鷳
ʮüšһĸһˣݣһ˵ǻӻǻʵۣǴ󶼻ųݡ
ԹݵȨ̫ˣʺ߻̫Ȼƫˣݱᵼƴ󣬶һݵɽᵳǺ裬Ȩ㳯ҰıݶȨ
ǣǶλĹؼʱڣһȻǺãҲ˲ţȻԸ⽫£Ⲣ׵ţ׻һҰĵ˵¡
ȥ׽ңʮӻѯ˳϶ԭΪѵ˼


92 ؾ
׻صס֮һŻǰȼգʮĴϵ
óʮӵܲ
׵Ȼ֪ʮӼΪʲôȻսһ̣̽ӱضеʮӡ
£쿪
һֽȼյץ˻ҽʮӻδ˵ĻҲȻֹ
׸Լһƣͷ£Ŀƽɭ䡣
һ£ѵΪѾӮˣ

صסҲյ˴ͬʱʮӺ͵̫
̫ӵһݣȻľס
ڴУľ׵ϲһȥ̫ӸСһ¡
ʮӵģ˵Ҫһׯӣͬʱһ˽ƷؼҲǰһۡ
⴫ʵѾΥ丮Ĺأ丮涨Уڼ䣬κɴţרŵķ紫ĴڹغλλĴ£丮ȻҲʵͨһ¡
ȻͬʱҪ£ҡ̫࣬Լʵ丮ڵȫǳŵĻδزɱȻҿԶ׫һʦ翵ĶδʱһҲܱҡľ׶ж̫ҲһΣǷһ飬ǵǲѡ񣬶ʮӣƺҽλµĻӡȻΣǶҵ˽ģʮ׵ı֣ҾŹϵսƴ󣬷ɻڴġ
ʮһܼ룬ֱӻؾ
ľ׵ӣҪȻȴڡ
л̫ӵµʢ룬ֻѾһ֮ڣˡڸԼһº߶š
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ŶŬһ϶᲻ô
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ԭˣѹΪչô죬֮ռ˺ܴһԭɣ
һ֮ģȡһɼõ£ͺڲƸɫгԣˣѳɴʵչ죬Ϊ֮ģΪһǿʦ
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ʵϣӰ㹫ʦݣҲʲôΣˣĳ롣Ī˵̫Ӻľ׵ı丮ŵݣѾһˡ
ˣʦķˣ̫Ŀһ
ľ׿̫ӵɫʲô˼Ц²ҪָˣҲλǰɣѾ쾳磬Ѿ޷ĸ߶ˣܲ顣
죡Ȼһ𣬡֮ϣʲô磿
ľ׿ЦһҲ֪һ;쿪ʼɣѧɲŵ˵Ѿȫһ֪ȥ֮̽ʲô磬Ҳ
һʦԷƱܴﵽĳɾͣѾˣֻǣһ㲻ǿʦΪʲôҪ丮
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ţܲ£ҪΪѣ¸ұȻӭӣԿ֮

Ȼܾң
鷿ʮյͻصĴɫʱףĺ£ΪһŮˣǿУʧ
վףĬֵʱǸСôԸ׾٣һСŮˣʲô˭ԤϵôĳɳΪһǿС
ȻûнͣҲҪͣΪ˷ģ׺ڵĵλҵĵλΪǰʮӶõģʮӾӣǰ޷
ҽҵǸҵϴͳҵģʮİ£ڣ
ףҪµģֻ޴֮ŻΪŮ˶ͽɽǸ£˰ɣ
ʮ˵׵üͷ΢΢һ壬£ݵ£ҲܻĹϵΪԭ±ѣһô¶𣬵ڣȴѾ޹ˡ
˵ңҵȻ֪ȷʵҪ£ݵһʾǸıֻ֣ǲſ̸ֻҲпźûԶĵˣֻԶ棬Ϊѡɫʤ£СèһŮ޴ĲƸͶܲΪЧ̫ܸģֵһᣡ
ʾǳ鶯ȭͷҲ΢΢ս߰ʾɱܣ


93 ϰ
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˼սȭͷĿ¶⣬˵£ȥţͲˡ
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һľѾͷˣʮʿµĿ䣬Ըľһʮǿһɳҵʤ󽵣
ǳ鶯˫ȭ΢һһٵ˵£һЩʱ䣬һһģ
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һҧҰˣܹٶȳɳȥôһݵ£
ߣԸʱü°ɣ

İУƻͨȾ£״ʱȴûаֳԲ˵˼
ײԣҲûҶӣµ׽ķսйأм䣬ޱȣһ仰Ҳ˵
죬ʮټˡĬãͻȻĿڡ
ţ˵˵ʲôЩԶ֪ʲôֻĿ£ǰһ̻ƽһȴͻȻŭԱ¶һǱ޵̶ƽȴ̺޾ɱ
һǸоһεѹѹȥһʱʹСӣǸкܻЦԼͲԸ
ϧһȥˣ̾Ϣȴұ¶κεʧΪܾ׵Ŀӥһ㣬·ܿ͸ġ
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Ȼһֱ֮Ѿ飬˹Ůݣһ飬ټ޶ܵӰ죬úȥδӣ
Щİ˵ҧ촽Լ޳ỹۿдתȻʮӶҺ׵壬Ļ˵жء
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ʱûСʵش
ΪΪʲôʶսпӣָΪ΢΢ס
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˵Щ󣬾뿪ȥ
һϣ·ʧȥ˻һ㣬Ȼ˵лᣬԼһĳΪҰĵϰֻһ㣬ҲԥĽԼ
뵽ӿһĪı
ʧǵ뿪䣬ƿķš
ֵĴУһȺȺƵصҹƱյѰ֣ǾµͭƱƵƣſĿڷ·һ㣬Ҫɡ
װ޺Ĵ޵ĵ̺ŵ˿֮̽ʳЩ׷Ķȴֻе˸Ŀռš
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ҹѾŨŨ⣬ӭ洵ķź¶Ϣƾ֮С
ʵûף˵һԼûκȥԹ
ѡףΪܸٻ͸ഺ
һΪŮ˶ʧȥĵλôŮ˾Ϳܻ뿪
ܲ
ѡٻҪȥٻĿɬֻǡȴˡ
ȻʶԼʧȥ˶ôĶڣȴΪѾۻֻǻڸеʱȴ֪Ǹ

Ϊĳɼ𾪣ڸΪʱȴûΪԼȡõĳɼһ˿һ
ѡһսףʵ޾Եİա
еһĵˡ
㽫ΪһԳԽĿ꣬ڣȴֻǶ̶̵Ĵʱ䣬ȴվͬһ䳡϶Ծ
Ըо׵ԺͲ
һӵԼĸ߰Ͳ־ֻôâ¶ģ˵һʵı磬ô׾һڵеâ㲻֪ʱʣʵĵһȴǷʤһ
ףôױѹģҲǵӣȴƾԼʵŬһڵλãпܼ̳Ҽ֮λˣ϶Ͳһһ;
лһѾҩ˵ĺ赤Ҳʮİգ
һ£ҲȻḶӱŬ
Ȼ֪ȴɷսҪսףҲҪսԼԼǱܣ
£ԻõԴߴɱʱ䣬žԪԪʯ
ԪʲôԪʯʱ䣬ȴ˵Ҫ
죬ʮʱƽһʱ
Ȼ˵ʱЧѾǳˡ
һ峿ı˹ǹǰٲ̶
뺮̶ʱһԶԶĴܣȵȡ
ţŲһ٣䡣
ܣϲ㰡ΪּҳأֺǺǵ˹
ּǰһֱɣļ֮һȴȫȥҲû취ǣּǿҲȲҳ˸˼ĻӻΪˡ
ȲֻԹãǣּҳѻǣּҵһҲѹģһףȴ·һɽһּҵǰּһǿľ䣬丮ǿǿ֮ãΣ֮öûҲϲ׵һ룬ּҳβջ
죬ʮԶ봫ӲİϢ˳Ǵǧҹʹɣǡ
һĴֻܴʮԶԶ봫һȴܴԶǼ۸߰һžҪʮƽ𣬴˳ǽϢɣǣҪʮһϢĴľҪƽûҪϢĻּĴ壬Ҳô˷ѡ
ʮӼϢֻһ仰丮ʮ죬ڶɱ󿼺ˣʮ֮սȨǹֱָףս飬һºսס
˵ּҼӵŴ󵱳һһ໰ˬ


94 
Ȼˬ屻ѹţһѹţݺݵĳһǹֱָףҪƷһֱѹּһĴɽܲˬô
ǣϣʮŴϢͻ˳ּҷֲּҼָʾǣϧһѪ֧ҪΪõһºսʤס
Խ죬ΪּҼָʾּҷֲ֧Դ
ǡеһСƿһСС
ʮӼüֲģúһ֮ȡӮס
ƿдһƿʮŵҩɫζ㣬һϵȵĺҩ
߼Ԫ
ͨԪҩǰԪļֵڰѪ֥
߼ԪҩݵľԪֵͨԪ߳߱һ򵽣
ԪֱߵʵֻܴٽԪٶȣ͵ĵҩȻʵȴûиãԡ
õĸֵҩУԪģּҸһƿ߼Ԫֵƽ
οѪ
һ䣬ֽӹֻУ֮ڷ㾧ӨһʯͷԪʯ
ɨһ۱֪Ԫʯʮ֮࣡
ʮԪʯҲһСĿҿЩԪʯӨ͸ƺ丮ĻҪһЩ
Ԫʯֵͬƣ
ƿԪԪʯףԼ񣬾൱ĬˣԸΪּҵĵϵ
ɫ仯µ룬Щ˼˵ܣ֪ȻǱȲѩ̿ǰǵʱ򣬼ӰûУ֮ܳҩԪʯȷʵôʣҲû취飬Դޡּҵ̫࣬ҪÿһƽּҲĻּͲˡ
Ȼ˵ģĸּ峤ˣϵһʵЩԶˣӵһޣ֦ɢҶúʼƲ뼯ܱ֤崫вϡ
彫һЩҵϵӵܴ㣬Щ˿֧ȡһн꣬ѾǶϵӵĶˣʵϣݳѾܶˣϰĻǼҵҲḻԣ㡣
ּҵıңôһлȴûʲôУȴ֪ĸͳأľгһػرңڸĸУڣͳ
ΪԼĸڼеĵλˮǴߣõغ񾴣
Ըĸ˵һҫҫԼǸĸϣģĸ˭ϣŮɾͣ½磿丮ѵһŵĹ⻷Թҫ棬
ţ˵ҩԪʯлл
ˣּҪлܣΪһЩһּ֮ǰ䵭ڻ
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䣬ЩҩԪʯպãŹǹٴٲ̶
ʦܡٲ̶ִʦһЦӭʦοǴͷ˰ʯʮ˲ã˲ãž񰡣
ЦЦû˵죬ƵĹά̫ˡ
ʦҪʲôѶȣ
ż
ٲ̶ѶΪʮԽߵȼÿһѶӵķҲԽʮѶҲֻɭǿһʱ䣬ͱϢһɭҲֻʮһѶ
һµʱ䣬Խ߼ѶֱżѶȣǲ˼飬Ȼ˵һС
áִʦֶ˵ֱӿ˾żѶȡ
һżӿٶȵĸ߼ԪŹǹ˺̶
һ뺮̶ٴθоһĺ䣬ѶһΣ
丮ԴУԪԪʯ̫ϧֻߴɱһһ붼ޱ󣬲˷һ㣡
ֻʱʱ䣬վٲµĴʯϣƽ˹ǹżѶȵٲһأ˳߰˴糤Ĺǹ֮󣬶ʱоٲӴĳĸ첲·ҪƵġ
־󷨼ӳֵٲ£վȶܲףٲ֮ϵڵټһ˺ٲеİ˰ٶʮǹûԪͳǿһգ۵ʱ䶼֧Ųס
ҲǿԪʯԪ֧š
ţԪٶԼӿ֮࣡΢΢һףǸ߼ԪĹЧ
һǧ߰˰ƽһŵĸ߼ԪһžǴݳ޵ĵҩȻЧرã
ƾ߼ԪͲҪǮƵʹõԪʯȻӲּ˵¼
ΪԼһܼӾǼˣڣԪƿݽߣȴܿŸ߼ԪԪʯʱĲ䣬ǿ֧š
Ȼʹ̣ȴ
״̬£ĺôǾ޴ģǹѸߣԪ嶼ͬţ
ÿһּ඼ԪϺѰô䣬ҲһЩı߽߱ǽģÿһԪ㲻ˡ
һͼһʱ
Ϊǵı䣬Ѿ˼͵ĳ̶ȣʱǺһһ˪
ּ͵£ǳˣƾԪػȴɱ
Ϊõļ״̬ʶʼ壬ģٲˮʧˣ·һȫŵʱգĸܵˮÿһײԼķ·𱻱˵ĻÿһнɵĹĵһ¡
һ̣ٴθܵ壬Ҳûһ˿ͷĿ״̬ΪûͷǣԪձܵĹתת·ߣҪʶٿصҪĶ࣡
״̬ǡ⡱ĳΡ


95 ֮ĵ
״̬ǡ⡱ĳΡ
ϴ״̬ﵽˡԪһԲ֮Ҳ޷״̬һΣ߼ԪԪʯϾżѶȵٲ̶ڳʱ弫ޣʶģ£ٴνֳ״̬⡣
Ȼ⻹ƣûе伮ġôţȴܹܸĺôˣ£Ϊ;綼ڷٵš
Ȿ׽ʺ޹ϵֻ뱾־йء
ǡǡӵг֮ģƾƺŷ
һʱԤԼʱ䵽ˣ
лʱȻ֮У׼ģǵһȴ˫Ŀյٲ֮£ƳĽͣͣһһ
һĻлƤһϾ丮д˶꣬伮ʶ㷺֪Ӧ˼£Żˣɿ죡
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ѵǡ⡯лȻ伮Ϲļأ˵ĳЩ߿ԽԼ⣬״̬һǧ
ɭӵ⣬ˣһӵг˵֮ġ
뵽лȻˣֲЩʵչ٣ԭԼ⣡˲ãҪ֪һӵӵг˵֮ģӵǿ֮ĵˣȴδӵ⣡
⣬ҪĪĻԵ
ʱһٲ̶֮⣬лʦ֣ڳ˰ɣ鷳ҿһ߼Ѷȣٺ٣Ҿ⼸״̬˲٣Ҫսһ¸ߵѶȡ
⡭ٲ̶лɫʦܣ󷨻ûڳء
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˵ȻǴ˰ͽ˼ʱóһСС顣
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ֿ״̬ȻһԼ˶ˣ
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ʱҵԤԼʱ͵ˡ
ǰ˶ҵȥˣʱʦܻҪġ
̫ллʦˡû뵽ԼгһջõŴп丮ʵһУʵȨûʵ˭Բһš
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⣿΢΢һһ˵
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ţɭҲܽһ״̬һʱȻ򣬹ֲãɭȻ츳ֻƷµȣȴԳλ丮ʯһλãƷ츳Ź񶼱ȵѹţ
һֱ˵֮ȴ֪֮ĳ˸ڷ֮⣬ʲôʵԵĺôǵڷܵĻʵ˾Щ԰ãһʱ޵ģԷܱȱ˶ʱ䣿
֪һ㡣֮ǿߣ⣬츳ܴˣ


96 ̹ٺ
ʦֿ֪ʦֵʲôڹ״̬һ֪һ£˽ĸࡣ
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ԭˡ⿴к֣ܶ˶죬֪Լ֡顱⣬ɭġޡȣӣ
صסо࣬ʱĸǿȻûκƣ֮УŵĹǹ·ľͷһӯһҲ谭ж
ղʱȻûͻơԪڶأżˣٽһΡ顯⣬Ӧþܳͻƣʱҵֻһأ˵ɭҲ̫ˣ
Ϊһֱҵǿȫս֪ɭǿ
ɭܹʱ롮ޡ⣬ʲôʱҲʱؽ롮顯أ

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Բ䣡
ֳֳһܼǰγɵĽױһı鿪ǽľˮߴɱеĽ֮󡪡ױ
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һСģҪˣ
Ȼ󷨱ӵһжֲ֧סʱԶֹͣʷϻǳֹˣ¹ʣ
ȻϾģԽױûɭġޡЧá
ʦ̫ˣʮѶȣܼôãţѾˣ󷨻ûļ֤ʦֵûˣҲûԪõ󣡡
һºӮʦ֣ҿѣ
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ڼ䣬ǷһЩȤ丮ѡǼ׻һӳŹһסǹдĸ֣Ҳ֣Ϊĳ֣丮Ȼĸûѡ֮µѡǹΪԼ
ѡסȭȴʽ
ΪЩƺҲûнסȭɡ
⡶ȭǵؽϵĸ߼ĶɣҲȱָߴ߳ɣҪⶼˣֶˡ
Եͼѡ󣬲ĳҲֻǿЦ¼ӳԶĳݣݼڣ׷ĹѡȻǿȴΪЩЩµѡǹܽǹӼأ

峿֮ŨץŹǹǹβֱһƽȥ˫ۣɽȫںһƽֿڤ
Լġ顱⣬ʲôʱܲ߼ԪԪʯʱؽ롰顱⣬ô⣬Сˡ
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Ȼ˵Щ˵̹٣׵ʵҲ֪һº󳬹ѶȺִֻܴʦҪս˭ʱȴһǿҵս׵ͷҲѹͷԾһѣսˡ
ãһһѣϰ֮ˣģֻеͷõ㣬ھŻͨԪŻ裡ѡ񲻴ӽҽǹô˵ҲĽ̹٣ȻԸ⿴Լµıˣ


97 
ô˵дϲڽƾһǹѧֻǻָ㣬Ȼĸ졣
Ӿʮ꣬ʮľУҲѧǹ֮ǰõǽǹǰٱ֮ҲûѧɣֻܽЩ򵽵ǹ̸㡣ڿʼ֮ǰһ⣬ǲһ״̬
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ӵˣ֮٣丮ƼĵطʮҲֻɭһˣû뵽㣡
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ǣ˵ΪǸΪϲȥƾսǿҲ޼£һصҲ򲻹ߣΪľԲ࣡
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Ҫ֪һ;ԽϾԽѣЩΪͻһƿҪķϰʱ䣡ȣȴƿΪһӴüⲻǺ˵˵ô
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һ⣬жһµһ֣պķչҪ
ͷԼһ顣
˼һ£˵˵֡顯⣬ӦΪ֣ʶ壬ԪձԷת·Դﵽ̫֣˶죬Ǽȴ٣⣬֮ǰȫû˵ЧвǿΪͻͽЧӦúܺã⣬ҪɭǿпܣȻѡĵӣȻɭһҲҪͨ˲УˣҪͨѣͿ治ˡ
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98 ֮
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Ⱦһ޴ѪѹեŷԲʮԴʹСߣԴѷΪ˺쾳󣬾Ҳѽ粽
ڸ丮һλߵ̬ʩԴʩṦѡ˲ţΪá
СĻ֪ˣȴΪηȣͬʱϣõȵֺ֧ͱԸԸ˫ַϹԴʹʣԴ۸߰ˣּҾߣ츳ҲûǮϰ䣡
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ҪĶˣ֮ģսȴȲףңҪһ㣬㲻似Ųõֻ㲻ҪѡȭȴҪ֣ѧ似Ѿˡ
ѡҲѡˣԣûʲôɺڵģǿ⣬ͷûõ㣬ҲҪĥĻǹƾŻǹսʤףȸ㣬ףǻ似ģҪи׼
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99 ǹ
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Ҫݴǰ԰ˣħת
Сӣղõ𶯵ʽѧģһ˿ĲȻʮֲƽ£ƽζ³һ֮ĳȣԼ⣬ͬʱӵԵĳ
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ոһգ糿ȥٲ̶壬ھżѶȣ弫޵⡣һʱǹ˿ľ磬Ԫ
һ۾ʮȥĿԽԽȶʼҪƵޣ߼ԪԪʯ˫ظԼ״̬¼⡣
ֻҪٲ̶дһԷˡ
ڳʱ״̬УġԪڽ˵ڶؾ磬ԪٶҲһ
ϣһڷдܾãȫ״̬ó˿֮յһĽ赤
赤ɺǹ裬ϸҩݰƶɡ
ѰҩҲǼֵƣֵҩҩʦҪҩʦҩʦһԴţѰ˼Ѽһ棬˵ǳˣ֣ǵĳַҲǹľˡ
˺赤˹Ҷ򲻵ûƽļֵ
СĽ赤ģⵤҩֻѴСͨɫȥܲۡ
ţ׼õĵͼҩ²ŻŵͼҩһѾ˽߳൨ϣһΪ赤׼ġ
һյҩҩֻպٵһ֣ɢˣڵҩӡϵķȴҩҩƾԽɢĵҩ´ߵڣһŵҩҩЧƾӼ
ҩֽʱһ˺赤УĹڵҩĳһöεķ


100 
赤ǻҩҩЧӼͿ˵ǴҩˣȻķҲһֱûðȻá
ڣԪڶؾ磬֮ǰ߳൨ĲԪҲɾˣоԷˡ
һҩ˿Уֱȥ
ҩθб̫෴Ӧ
ֻǱǰһҩͻҴڣǾʹĿʼˡ
ԡͰзˮ˽ȥʼתԪˮܰ˷ɺ
Źӵʱ䣬оθ￪ʼȣֻһҾһ㣬һȴͬȼ˻棬Ĵܣͬ˻¯һ㣬ƤĤëɢȥǾʱȴ·һεЩסӲ嵱У
ҩЧ
ҩҩɢҩǿڣȻȴҲӴʹ࣡
߳൨Ժȥ׹Ԩ̹ǣ赤𣬳ȥʹ̣
ֻԼ·𶼱ˣȴһˢˢˢȥˢʶ
ǿתԪȴšԪҲ޷תˣʹֱܵģ֮ļǿҲ޷״̬ǿ˹
ԡͰеˮΪԭԽԽȣһȻʼڣðİ
һͰˮǱտˡ
ȻľʹУ޷о£ڵϸСԪȴʼԷе
ǵɺܿγԪĹֹУЩٻڵſʼɢգʹ࿪ʼԼᡣ
ţ
һηý߳൨ʱڵϸСԪԷĽ˿ľ磬ɢ˺ţúɾױյº赤ˡ
·ϸСԪѾγһֵеıܣҪʶָӡ
ʣ˿ĺô
⡶񼶹Ѿ֪ٴĸп
Ϊ˿ľ磬赤ʹ֪Ҫ϶ãʱȫҩҲΪȶ̫ãһЩˣҪʱ
ڣ˿İ£ϴս߳൨һ˺赤ҩ
ʣµֻպ͹̵Ĺˡ
ʱһһĹȥתۼ䣬ѾԡʱʱУԡ׵ˮһֱڡ
ҩڵԪٽһ׵뵽֮Уླڴˣ
˫ۣĺһһȻӵİɫγһСУڿ˼ʱ䣬ȴȻûͣļ
ߣѾڴɵı־ˣֻڱܴﵽﵽڴɣУһλܵļУµˣһ籩Űһ׽ٽǲѵصĴܡ
شɺȻȥһȭЩ죬ΪÿһһȭɭĲж٣Ҳ⡣
ʱѾʱ֣ҿյûһˣѡһʯĿڤ񣬼ƣȻһȭ
磡
һƵľ죬ʯζֹߵĿ̶ȣȻ
ߣ
һ
߶
գͣĿ̶ȴǧٽ
֣һڳɭһˣ
ԪͻƵڶأڴɣȭͻǧأ
ɭʾʯʱһȭǧŰٽĳɼɭԣһȭ˰˳ˣɭļȭӦҪҵǧٽﻹߡ
ô˵ڵȭɭѾܽˣɭȴֲĵط͵սܺɱ˱죬ҵȴҲս͸ǲԶˣ
һ־׷µߣÿһǿ߶ΪԼļˣǿ߸Եƺƣս˭ʤ˭
Ҳ⡣

ʮȥ䣡һȭһϱϸĴϣҶ׷䣬һǹ磡
꣡
ʮöҶڼʱ֮ڣȫУ
ֻҶǹϣܰٶȣ׼ͷȴܿƺ
Ҳȥ׷Ŀƣֱ׷µƻ
˿̳֮ǹԪıǹӴҶֱ֮ӽҶʵķ飡
һҲΪڴɣԪǿٶȸ졣Ϊ˶ʱ赤ҩߴɱеʱݶõ߰˰ˣֻʣʱ
µҪϸĺҲò͡
Ŷʮʱ䣬㾹ȻѾشɣ⣬̫˼ˡ
Դϴδǹϰǹٶ֮һ뿪ʮʱ䣬֮ȻѾڴɣúޱȵĳԾ
ص̹٣֮ǰһֱûзú赤ֻǳ˽߳൨裬ǰҽ赤£ԲĽ
΢΢һ㵣ԭȻֻ߳൨ͻػŲԣڵ˶Ϊŵҩһˣó͡
û뵽û뵽֮ǰֻһŽ߳൨ͻڣû´ƷǳʺĵرĿ⣬δĳɾǲ⻹ΪʲãƷĻҾĲˣ
ãӽ쿪ʼʮʱ䣬һһֱǹǹѾĿ졢׼ȣǻȱһ㣬ǾǱ仯ǹȻ罣죬ǹȴҪУҪĹֶΣ޷Ǵ̡ǹͶˣ̡ҡɨȦȵȣҲ̶ʽ·ֻ㽫һлǹڻͨ仯޳
ʼɣһὫԪѹˮƽϣǲģ˵һеĳǹ׼ؿڣһǹ
ֻ˵ѹԪȴûѹԺڴɵܹ֮ģһǹٶȣ⣬˲ͳǰ
ÿ죡һ̣ĸоǹϵɭɭ⣬ë
磡
չǹһǹɨӲƴһǣǧҲĻڷ飡
۷ߵȻ̬ҪĹǹ̺˿Ĳֻһͻᵱܡ


101 ս֮յ
иһȻûԪȫ˳ȴ浲ס
֪ˣû뵽ﵽش֮Ȼô࣬²ǧˣֱҰ޼ƣ
ȻоȣǺϵĶȴû˿ͣͣһǹˣϣǹǹ׾ٵķ·ֻܾǹٵ
һӲƴһǹڹǹǹϣڵʹɵǹ˱Ĵѹһ乭
Ųһҽž֮Уǿùǹ˺ĳǹȻȴڿһǹڿлһĻߣӸһֱʺ
һǹ̫̫ͻȻ֮ǰΪӲƴһԪþѪվûܵһǹһǹʺġ
һ̣ĸеǹεƤۣȻȴһ˲ͻȻǹǹͣ˾ִܰδ˼㡣
þ׼ƣ
֪һǹ̵ףǹεƤʱ˲ͣͣһǹʵ̫ˡ
УУˣ
ǹ˵˵ѹԪȴûѹֵܼǹѾԶʤͬߣˣǧ˰ɣ
ǧٽʵش
ǧٽͬ߱˦ʮ֣ǹʵ̫ˣ˷ˣղȴˮƽղŵķ⵲ǹҪһֶƣ
ƣ
΢΢һȷʵղŵƱǹиѹˣ
ŲԵĶԾУʹһǹƿŲԵϼնΪǹдŵǹɷӿƣǸղţΪҵǹ̫죬ƣǵģǹǿȴи㣬ǾǷ̫ˣ
׿ýģڽϵܸߣһѹסôһбһп죬Ƹͻʱᱻ뵽ȥܣ
丮Ľ̹٣ָܿһ㡣
ȷʵٺõʽҲã
Ҫѧڹƣ˵Щ似һ׵ģĳĳʮƣĳĳŽ֮ģ
ͷ
һ׵ʽҪӵһĿʼһһеһбһǿܻʣôѾʲôΪʲôһʹǿһУʵǲǴ򲻳һƵ⣬ҪڿʼʽУһȫսƣ
Ȼ򣬡Ҷˡ
ѧսƺܼ򵥣սˣӽ쿪ʼ˳Է˯ʱǶҪУҿֶܼã
ʮʱ䣬ʼ˵ʵսѵ
Ȼ˵ǳ˳Է˯ʱǶҪУǸûܼ
ȻڵѪƳķҲܳʱάļսȻܿͷ֣һε͹
ֱǸõף
ԪͬĶ࣬Ҵǳ˵Ϣ
ȲؼҲûôŰɣֻܽᵽĿϡ
һս˸ʱ
ҲǴ죬ս·һߣಲ󣬶ʱҲǺڴڵĴϢţ֮бγһСɽҶᱻ
Ȼע⵽СӣϢôѹôãķǷô
̹٣Ȼ۵ҪĿȴս⣬һʱ䣬ĽͷǳˣʼֻܽӺǹڣȴԸ߰вܣһΣʮУ
ߵĹ
ĴУڿʼսƵķ˵ǰԵжǿʤһԪʤôڣսɷҲ׷
ãҲѪһսȻʵԶԼǴĺ죡

һʮ죬ÿ˳Է˯սƾųصġԪеǿָÿ춼ܼ
ʼֻܼУֶܼʮУԽԽ죬һǹ̳ǹǹϣҲһǹмۣԽԽǿ
ͬʱҲ˳ĽʲôṦĶʮּ򵥣ȻȴӲǿƣԼٶȽ׷ϺĶ
䣡
˶ʮе֮һǹŽϵĴƣ˺ǹ֮ɳʯ
ǹǹӭȻȻһǹȴһǹ̺ǿƺ֮ĺһ
һ˺
ڣѹԪɼҲ˾㤣
οͨߣ
ʲô鷢ϣҶᾪˡһЦ˳ǹʮʱ䣬ҪһµĻҿ¾ҪǹóԪܽˡ
Ȼ˳ޣҲû˵ΪԽߣԪԽҪԪͲԪܴߣھȫͨԪ裬ԪǿĹֶΡóȫĻ֮ɡ
˵̹ٲԶǺ̹ܵһоǼˡ
٣СӣƾڵʵȫԸ۷ߣܰѹԪ˾Ѿܲˣ㻹㣿
˵ҲЦˣȷʵΪ̫ˣڲ磡ߵľ磬ԽԽͻƣʵҲԽ
׵ĶԾ͵ɣúϢһ£״̬ãҪˣҿɲ㡣
Цս׵ʱȷʵûаգǸ̹ô죬Ұվʹˡ
٣û׽㣡
ʵڴɣ׳׽ڡ
ֻǰĲ࣬Ȼڶ֮սĲѾ˲ˣο׻丮бʱ䡣Щʱǳʱʹ丮ߴɱ
ףǸµĶ֣丮ɭؿࡢŹ֮ľţ

ʱţܿ쵽һ֮丮ĵʮ죬죬Ҳ׾ӣսĵص丮䳡
丮һЩ漰丮ܺʹеĵطߴɱɱȣڽأ˽롣ʮӺ̫ӵܹɱڵɽȹۿսҲΪ̨̫ӲԶԶĹۿ
ط֮⣬丮طȴܵĲǺϣ繫ειݡ丮㳡ȵȣͽһ֤ٸĹιݲϡ
ЩطֻҪ֤ͨ߹ݣԽ롣
䳡ҲڴС
丮żб䣬Ҳ˵䳡Թۡ
죬䳡ȴˣЩ˸˲õҪô丮ţ˹ĸ·ӢҪô˳ǵ壬̳Ϸ


102 Ŀ
죬䳡ȴˣЩ˸˲õҪô丮ţ˹ĸ·ӢҪô˳ǵ壬̳Ϸ
丮һţ⻷ߵĹע丮һ֣δ丮ǰʮľš˵Ľ֣˹һĽˡ
һս˳ǵ壬̳Ϸڴˡ
ǲߵȦӣжǿҲû̫ϵ
ǻעһսΪһս壡
׵һսʹˡ
˭֪ʮӵĸǳɣңȴпܳΪҵƶˣ׺ʮӵˡ
һǰܾʮӵ£ƫ̫ӣҾݿɿϢ׹ϵô뵱̫ӵʦľ꽻ƾһ㣬պʮа˾Ż̫ӵˣ
һս׵ĽͬʱҲ̫ӺʮӵĽЩ̫꣬ӺʮӵѾೡЩ̫䣡Ȼ˵˼̫ӵԪȴʻ̫ӵƣ
˭֪ʮж֮ģ̫ܴ죬ͻһְʾǾ̫Ӳʮӣһ֧̫ӵ˲Ļ̻̣ԽԽ٣ʮӣȴԽԽ
ⳡΪ˿׵ĽҪʮӺ̫ӵĽһһ˭ϵ˭ڻλлȡĺô
ΪЩĵ䳡ϳרά򣬱ﰲȫĸֻ
Ҫ̫࣬Щ丮֮ĵӷԶԶģǸ̲ѡ
ѵڿյ䳡Уǹһͦñֱ
˷ͶĿ⣬Լ˶ҪĿڤľˮ
һս˫ʵ£սʱ״̬ͱʮҪӰ쵽һսʤ
õ״̬սǰֹˮ˵ѣһսǣش壬һľټϸصĸţԺֹˮ
Ȼ˿⣬һ㣬˵練ơ
ʱԼʱ仹ӣʱһɤͻȻǹ̫е
̫Ӽݵ
˽һ䳡Ҳۣ̫ӵ¾ȻҲˣ
šNNNƥѩ˵ҰУΪ׵ӣͷϽڣۣŵѥüͥ񣬾ͶһϢ
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ľ
⳯ҰλǶڳ˶ʱη֮ģΪóһ·
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޶żӺʮݵ
ò̫мƣֻòӸ㣬˫ü罣бޣӡ֮ϣԼԼһƤ֮£Ǵ˵е֮
ߣһ޳Ľ꣬ס
ʮӿһЦСֵܣ簡һμ棬һᣡ
ʮ㣬ȴްȥʮֵ
аʮӵҲǸҵܾȴǺޣ̸Ц·֮ǰûƵġ
Сֵƺʲôᣬ˹Իޣ룬λкܣʲô벻죬һս֮󣬲̸̸ҲܻɸΪ񲯣
ɸΪ񲯣׺޲ʳ⣬Ƥɣ
ʮô˵ֻǲԼΪУʮһ˵û뵽Ҳۿµı֮
䲻ȴûӦʮӣʮֻЦЦ㲻
ʱ׷䳡ڿʱ򣬾һȷϣԷһͻƣ
شɣ
׸еѹȴûие˿⣬ս޶Ϊһʱ׾ϵһо˵ĽȻĳ⡣
ߵ䳡һ࣬ңң
ʱսһӣ
Ⱥ֮еԶԶվ̨ϵףζƿһӿͷ
Ը⿴ⳡսˣⳡս˭ʤ˭ͷͱһ߷·ɻصһǰǾ仰ҡݵ㣡
ȥһպҪԵȻȴûкڵĻˡ

Ȼ׶ѾȻսȴûеһʱ俪ʼױĿڤڵԼ״̬
˵һµĶ֣սǰ̬ѣӳʮֵʵ
ǰһ΢СԽ׻֮ߣ׿ȴҲֵһᡣ
Ȳ竸֮Ϊߡ
״ûȻһ죬վһ䳡ϣ˳˶Ҫ̫Ӻ֮ǰս
ңʵѾɳвĵز
ڣΪ˽һսһ£ƴŸȶһЩʵҩ
ս֮ʱҪٴеһӵʱ״̬
һ䲻ս
ⳡսʤغ׵ǰ;غΪߵϣԼΪ˵ϣ
еָӰƫƣʱ䵽ʱ̵һ˲䣬Ȼ۾
ʱ䵽ˣ

һǹϻһһ㣬أԲѣһ̣δսѾͷųڳˣΪ߹ģȻҲеһεѹ
ơصͷųģ
̫ǿˣƾЩĸо
丮ĵнԾʵ쮵̫ˣһ²һ̨ף
һİγеѽ˽ƷеļƷΪףѾ꣬˽ͨ
ָֻԼǿ

һ죬׵ĽȼۿɼĻ棡
ʵʻԪԪεĵزҲֻһ֮ңһֻж͹ڴɵ߲һף׽Ѿˣ
ףûֻ֣ǼĶѾֳΪŵǿʵһ
䳡ǧûһ˿ţǷ׷סĿתųӰ´ʲô


103 
һɫ˴׵Ľз׵Ԫ˵һӵлԣ׽йأԪԣʹԵ似
ų˵ӿԭˬ䳡ͻȻһȵľ磬׳ˣ
Ԫע׽׵Ľ˲ڿ֯һŴͬȼյĻһ㣬ǵص
似ϼ죡
䳡¶ȻһЩĵӶʱеȵķ׷׺ˣЩߵĸֻ׷׳Ԫϣǵӡ
ףһʼ̽ûУһ似ֱȫԸ
ףϸСԪĺڵͬһƵʣȫԪԷﵽԪڶԪ
Ԫͬ˰ٶʮĹǹһ㣬дſֲɱ
ԽԽǿںһ𣬻ɺХ磬ɢ
ɫĻվһȻһǹ̳

֮һǹ֮ƾͬɽһ㣬Ļ·ϯˣڻ룬ŤһǹâʳɵУУֱ׶
ۣͬתļ׶һ̴׵壡
˻Ȼⱻд̴ġסȴŤĹӰɢ
Ӱ
ӰףȻ
δǰ֣丮ĵֻͨʯϵ˽׵ʵɱβɱȴǿģȻ֪к־
һʧȥӰ˲һ࣡
ȷе˵ȳֵǲףĽ
һ˲ʮĴΣ
ꡭ
Ľ֯һܲ͸Ĵ׵ĽѾ¯ĵز
ʮԽɣǣӾһ꣬丮룬ʱ䣬ѾԽԼĽ·֮Уֻⲻ
׳Ĺ켣壬ô
丮ǰʮĵӣĶ͹Ǿֻ⽣ҲеȥĽ֮УǾѾˣֻǡô㣿
ͷֻǸո֣ڵʯ֮䣬Ǹȥ룬ʱѾǹˡ
ǹһ𶯵Ԫһǹ̳ӿĳˮһɢȥֱĽ⡣
ֻһ˲䣬׵Ľ֪ǹײ˶ٴΣһ̣׾͸оԼһնɽһ㣬һǹŵԪһɺسȵ𵴣ͷ·𶯵Ĵɽһ㣬ӲĽĽɢˡ
ǹǲսĻȻܴȴоֻҪϰ֣Ϳܱ͵˺ѣ
ֹ𶯣׵Ľܵ˼Ӱ죬·еһ㡣
ۿ嶼ҪǣסǿһԪȻˡ
ˣĵڵϣҲû֮ǰƮݵ
ţôˣ
ղŷʲôһ˲ôལôᱻһǹˣ
ôȥĽӰӶûУӦñǹģ
ڳˣܶһǹ̺İأǿͳٶȣӦñܿһǹ̵ǣȻʵȴһǹƵǱԼȴɽһȵվ̨֮ϣһδ
Щ͹ڵĻ֣Ҳǿղŷʲô
Щ˵ۣٺһЦаСһǸȭ뵽ǹУǹҪȥܣûζģӿһ³˲ٰСҲ
׺òײѹзѪһ亹ڸղһ̣оĽɶˣѪҺͨ裬·ҪƵģ⾿ôһ£
ֳֹǹǹбȥǹָأֱͦ
ƺӰȴԵøĪһʱҳˡ
ţ⣿һԼоȻ֮вһɾ⣬֮ĵĴɣþصһؾǿߵ
⾹Ȼ
Сӣ
׵ӿһĪŭ޷ܣĸ߰ȻһһֱΪϵС̤ˣ
˫һ˿⣬ŭ̼նеľ⣬ӰһϳһĲӰ
׵ĳУĽȼߺףâڽϹע˴ԪγɵĻӰ
ȻвУױǿȡʤ
ŭһһԾ˫ֳֽһն£
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˽ƷնȺϼǿ似
˵ľոպ˼֣׵ĽѾΧеĻ֮Ԫһ֮·һȼŻʯһ
һȣӲӲϲ
һӣһĻĽǹڵϻһԲӲ䳡ϳһµͼ
׼׵Ľ⣬һǹ̳
Ҫڸ֮ĹУжԷĽ̸ףȻǻ֮ǰһ·ǹʵǹָʹһ밵ɹҲǹˣ
һǹ׵Ľ⣡
߳׽ƴù˰ٶʮĹǹ
ֻһĽ׽Ϊײľ޴ѹȻ£
ڴͬʱԪ׵նײһ𣬼ҵٴѪӿ
磡׽أҲɳȥ
նϾ˽Ʒ似Ҳ˺ƣ
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Ǻˣ̨ڣһζŲ
Ȼע⵽ϸڣ֮ǰһû
ô˵ƾǲɽ֤׶ӰơڳһЩϵӲԸ⿴䣬һһܣͬĸо

磬ûоһս֮ǰŲԵһսûбУȴܵ˺ܴӰ졣ʱ䳡һ䣬ؿһ߿ⳡһ߶ɭ˵
ţǹ棬ǰһЩ伮˵ǹɵߣشƣ﷨򣬹עǹУγɡǹơ͵ҲƵ⾳ָ֣Ե˲ֻҪơɱԷǹЩء
磬Խ˵ԽˣŶͣôǹơ
ȻܣԸ׸ǹһͷͿɱԷǹûףȴӰ쵽ףһ㣬ȴǹƺ񣡡
ɭؿ̸ʱһθһײ似ҲûĽ⣬ֻ򵥣ֱ׵ĽУȻȻеԼĽ·һεǣţơ
ȴĴԽսԽ£
ƣ


104 һǹ
ǹôѧջǾһϣƲսУԼÿһеĲۻһǹɨһУ
ǹҪ˺ܶ࣬׳һǹ˲˼ǣһǹȴܵ׵
һ˼ìܵĸоһЩΪȫ˽ֵǻо׷·ùĽﶼδһõġ
ڹϯϣһʮ꣬ܺõϮ忴׺սסҡͷƺҲˣ̫ڣͽʵõȴֽ࣬Уÿȴͽأ
屾жƷѧ츳ʮ꣬أԳֶһЩ⣬Ļ˵
ˣ׵ĽȷʵʧȥĸоҲ֣֮ǰʩչĽȷʵǽ⣬Ҳûаս
⻤Ҳʮ꣬ųصΪȻ֮ǰʩչʽȴòϣԼףӮİֻĳɡ
ֽӲλϮЦ£вΪȻ̫ԷƱˣЩ꣬丮ɭؿǼһһˣǰ丮ԽսԷˮһ򵥣㿴ףûǴĻʯʮĵӰɣϵĽλϮ׼ٲġ֪ƼʱϵЦȴȻסˡ
ϣѾ̨ıԵһǹ̳ܿǹΪ̿գ̨Եĺϱֵϡ
һ̼գʱ˼һĻˣ
Ǵִʯһǹ֮ȻͷβȻ飡
ź¡¡ʯ絹һձһСʯ飬˸׵ף
·Ƕճģ
⡭ô£Ϯ۾ֱˣҲˣһǹΪûдУԵ㵽ա
Ȼһһǹѵˮһһ㣬ȴɸߵһʯʯ֮ĿҲȭͷС
Ϯ壬ڳˣɭؿࡢľ׵ȸֶסˣһЩʶ۾Ϊˡ
Ǹղһǹɵģ
Ҫʯףڳֶʵһǹʯϣʯ׵׵ȭͷСʯ飬ڳȴûһõ
ľ׶УȻһ˲䷢⽫ʯնķ飬ɼͬЧȴһЧ
һص̫ӣһĻʧȥƽص򶨣ʦǡʲôǹ
̫ӶҲһ⣬û似
ľҲҡͷ£Ҳ
һʯֹͣ˹䳡žǶһĻסˡ
Ǽ丮ĸ֣ɭؿ࣬м곤ִ£һصʯ飬ȴһ룬һȻȴŵĲ룡
һУѵǡ
һʯֽסָΪ΢΢ף
ȭ˷ȭ
׵רȥ󿴹ѡ似Ȼףܴ֮ǣΪ˷ȭ
ֵܿŲԵĵҽȭŲԣҲƾȭ
׶Ȼף֮ǰǡȭ֮Ԫ𶯣ǣʧȥĽɣȫѪҺƺҪ
ôɡȭ
ȭ
ڳ΢΢һǴ˵ȭһĹҲ׵ĺܣƺʲôǿ似
Ȼ丮ĵ˵ȭȴ͵סˣ
֮ǰǶ˻֪ײȱ似ȻԴսʤŲԣֵɱʮ֮ѡĹҲųˣ
ǹƽʱʽĹһӳŹ⡶ȭȻҲᱻ£ǲɱȥʶһ⹦ô
ؽƷȱʧ߳ɣ
ǿ㣬ٿȵķ˿ҲԿǻȥѡŹ
ȭνĵؽƷΪȭʼȱʧ޷жϵȼ˹ĳϸĵȼʵǼû֪
Ҫ֪ȼԽԽ
⡶ȭģҲҪ׵ʲôնϼ졷Ķ࣡ûԣҪ׶ξɵؽ似Σ
ο似ǲȱģ
ȱǿͷͲȱһ似Ǻȱǰһпɡ
ǿͷͲȱ似ûκμֵôܽһǵؽ׹ġȭ丮
˿ѡˡȭǲΪȻЩĿȷ˿ҲΪܴ׹вʲô
Ȼ£ƾصΪľͰЩײβܶûܸ׵ġȭˣ
⻹ô
ҿӣˡȭ似뵽ǹ֮У
ӵ˹ʷҲȫܴ½ǧֲԣ
һֱħת
ֲڶ̶̵ļʱ˵ĽһԣʲôʶǸˣ
䳡ž˼ʮʱ䣬ǵַӦϵˣʱ֪µʱҲȫסˣԼ°ͣ̾СһպȻԽԽ𺳣ֻҪ;䣬պ϶ᱻʷᣬҲʥ֮ʦˣǲ֪Щʷдʷʱܸܲһ׵
ʱʮѾ֪⡶ȭôһȭ½ͣгɾ͵ʮӾѾ֪ôһȭζʲô
䳡ӰɫĿ¡
û뵽ǵ͹Ȼµ̶ֳȣ
ʮһԤУĳ˵ˣֲɳ֮ǰĻܿܳΪ֮·ϰ
սеزӮ˴ҪˣԤ룬սףҲӵ
龩
ͬħתһ׾֮ǿҲȫʧȥ֮׺Ӯպ󲻳£ͻᱻ
һԼȫǲĵˣ
ɱ
жȻͷ
ɳ֮ǰɱΨһĽ취
Ȼ丮аɱһˣ̫̫ѣһ֣˭丮Ĵۣ
෴䶷ʧְɱˣȻΥ丮Ĺ涨ﲻϾʵսУȷʵż¼


105 Ͻ
Ȼһ˱ϳͣҲܱպɵҪõö࣡
οȥžͲˣ丮ΪһȥŪңټʮӵİаæҿһ丮³
˵ʲôڿȻϧɱֵã
ԼɱΨһĻᣡ
ǣɱõô
ûס
һʣǿһ似һжĸɼƽʱֻܷӳɵҲһеĴ߶ʮɵ徭պʹЩѱͨΪͻڵϰµҲܲôˣ
׵һ˿Ԫ߶£еĳ׽֮
ҪȫԸˣ
ÿֲԪ¶͹ǾҲûôֲԪ
Դӵ֪ˡȭҲûһ˻׵ʵܹôãѾ˲ˡ
ܵɱǷһȣҪƴ𣿷㵽ף
һʼֵڣһֱƣ
ÿһȻȫȴ֣
ʽϣƲսƵĹؼڣ
еȫעǹУ͵ȵһ
һսеһҪսףҲеһҪĶ֣丮֮ĵĻþأرе죬ʹǿɱʱȫ֮ģ
ص̤ǰһӲĵשºȻ飬ұƽչǹ£ڳ׾޻ʽ
Ȼһ򵥵ʽȴһֲçĸоɫĹǹͷ·ϴеƾӿȴ޷ҡֺ
ǿǿ󽭣
ǡǹʽ
찡һμʦֵʽˣһͻСֻ꣬ǿ֮õСŮ˷ܵսȭͷСΪΪ΢΢
֮õĵͽ׵˵ʽһ棡
֮õĲٵͽ׵Ӷƽ΢丮ΪǵײӣҲѡʲôĹȻҲ丮ӵĹ⻷Ƕδȴ̫ϣ
Ȼͬƽȴƾһסǹʽ˵֮õĸŲԣ
һ漣
޻ʽУóɽƲɵκλ似ֻһǹƣ
һɣ
丮áǹԿ׾еģҲֻһˣ
ʽ׵ɫǰδеء
Ҫһν֣ΪõǡǹһһˣʲôжܻΪ棡
ȣױһ˿¾ΪԵԪ֮Ƭ
һ˺·ֽƬһ㱻˺飬¶һļ⣬ΪԪĸ߶ȸɣֳĺɫ
еĳ׽ȼգܸоδľԪ٣ʹȻʹУȴѪ˷ܡ
ȥ
׵Ӽ״̬Ȼ𣬺ĻڿлһӰ˫ֳֽ߸߾ٹͷ弹䣬һű˵ĹԪۼѪĳɫڿȻš

ռ·һɲǺȥһĺ·ɵ˹ߣ̺Ԫ֮𣬶һ̫ĳȣ
׵ıɱһһ˲䣬ȴľˮĶ·ʧȥǻǹڵĻź
ҰУֻʣףУֻʣ˹ǹ
۵ȫעǹУԪҵһǹ̳·һɽ
䣡
ǹ׵ĺײһı·׺Ԫļײ˸͵ĳǵ䳡ļӲ汬鿪ƬƬĵשƷɡ
磡һװŵӰڵһ㵹ɳȥ͵䳡ϣһʯҶϣ
ӰףʱѾԡѪڵأ֪
Ҳܣڸղſֲײˣ嵹ɳʮɵľ룬ڿùǹס壬ճǹ˵ϡ
ѪӿһѪҪڶȻתԪѹȥ
ǿһҪѧڴƣеƻһղһ°ܵĻңҲܾˣײನͻԪػҲѪ⻹ΪԪѾɣղŵײض࣬ˡ
׵һƺƴ͸֧ε˿϶ˡ

̡
ǵĻأȼգȫһƬ
Ƿ켫һս͹Ǿ۷ֶ߽ôң
ѾһţȻȴԽףˣ
û
һ׾ƴͲõ˵ģ͸֧Ԫ
ƴ͸֧ԪΪҲҪӮⳡִ湻ģǼҲʧˣǿֲ
ڳ˲֣Ȼֵ
丮ĳϻˣĹ̲ɱġ
֣ԺãʲãҲܽô죬Ϊһףô쵽ģ
Ϊĳ⡣
⣿ʲô
Ҳ˵ģʲôҲӦúİɡ
֮õĵͽ׵Ľ̸Ȼǵ̸ȴһʯǰʮϵˣʱɴ۾Ǹղ˵ʲô䡭⣿⣿
ǰǵͽ׵һãȻ
˭˵ģ
֮ĵһӼͽ׵һ֮ǰʮĵӣǻǸоһЩѹ
⡭ػٲ̶лʦ˵ġ
л֮һڿˮлȻûдﵽڣ丮ôִ£ʶ㷺޵ķʸ
Ȼ⣡
֮ĸһȣͬʱ⣡
̫ˣ

ʱ丮ҽԱҴϳΪҩ䳡˸ղŵһսҲѾԪľˣڵսֱ˼Σͨ߶вˡ
ǣϵǹǿƣԼչֳǿʵԣȴ˸еѹ
Ƕǿߵη֮ġ
̨ʱ˷׷˿ЩѾõߣҲǹÿЩΪżĵͽ׵ӣĳӿˡ
ϲˣ̫ԶԶľվĴк֮䣬һǡô񾴣ʾǿʿ𾴣Ҳûݡ


106 ȵ
̫ӵ£ľЦЦ
ǺǣСֵܣĳɳԽԽˣľип֣ΪѾ㹻߹Ȼȴ֣һһεĳԤϣ漣
ĻɵһۣΪ׼˾磬ӷϴ˵
һ˵Ǹ£ղһսļҪָһʱ䣬սһЩҪȥһ̫ӵˣ죬ҶȻá
ţҲãʱ⣬ֻҪ֪ͨһͿˣʱ򡣡

̫Ӻ̸ʱʮԶԶĿţɫ
ʱԪ£Ӧ̫ӵ롣
š
£˵̫ˣҪҪóδǧʯ飬׿ӰպΪİˡ¿űҽԱεףһб͸֧Ԫˣһδľټϱɳȥ˳̶ȿ֪丮ҽԱõҩȻǺҩȴ㲻üƷ
ʮҡҡͷˡ
ϵս쳣ңΪ׺֮гսȻ֣һ飬רŴʥҩǧʯ飬ǧܶУһЩ̺ʯʯ飬ʮʱ䣬ܻһСƿÿһΣֵƽ
ʯ飬ˣ׹ǵĹЧҶߵһĺô
ʮӱǴ㣬ӰպΪˣǧʯ£ܾ
ϾгֻףʮӸûʲôޣʮʼţ֮ι̵Ĳ顢顢飬Ǵϵ
ˣˣչֳžԣʮӺͷۣ֪ȥˡ
ɱɱҲɱ
££ˣ
ʾãԷ飡
ҲʮӾʮּ֣ףôʣվĶϡ
ʮӾԲ뿴ġ
˹һĹңģδһе͹⻷丮һţţеķ̫ˣ
Ҫ˹߿˹˳̫ӣôǻôô룿
ףܹʮӾһٸԸ⡣
ȻؼǣףҲδػ
ʮӺͷۣ
ףԼһ鷳
̫ӣȥݷ˺ӮףĽ̵ҪҪûкҶѵĹٶȻҪһأûսлƵķ׵һδܿ
һ̴̫ƯˣϧԼ͡
˽̹ٵĽ̵
ɲҽ̵Ĺͣ˸̹٣һӮҸղ˵ˣ
ţ֮ĵġ
ãнĳɼ֮ҪϽȥɣ˵Щûõˡ
õĽ̹٣ˡ

ߺ䳡ۼ˲ſʼɢȥһЩ˷ܵ۸ղŵһսһǹںϱֵʯϣȻǼɸߵʯͷβʯͷԡǹԺȻԷܣ
Щϰ֮˷ܣ
شɾж͹ǾʵҪﵽ͹Ǿǻ˵ã
Ҫǣʮ꣡丮£
֮ǰֻƽû̫ԴãҪ丮ص࣬պĳɾ޷󣬱ٶȳɳȥҪˣ
ǰҲ˹עϾĵһʱ򣬶˻Ϊֻãʲôĵرڣǲ֪ӵпžԣƾصΪ˵ؽ׹ңǹǲȱģ
ųټһƷ츳һ˹ѧʢˣ
˷ܣЩٹǸĹע壬ʣҪˣΪֻʱ⡣
һ֣˹žصķ
ľ˵Ԫ˧Ŀ䣬ͬʱ̫ӵʦ˳ųȻĵλϼľףҪ֣ľ񣬶һҪ
Ȼһ֮ɱʮǳرɭϵ̶Ѩȴ֮Ժŵ˵ʹûкôʵ۾пԶˣΪսƵʵ˵һͻᱻйְɱ
ܻܿΪڳдٹ˱£ֺõĶǺܶѾţʾá

˵ɢȥһսϢҲѸٵĴˣ˳ҫ۵ǣһȫ硰丮һšδ˹һ֮֡Ĺ⻷һʱǵصļӳϣ
ʮ䣬丮֮ǰʮ
Ϊսȶ͹Ǿߣ
Խȱؽ似ȫ뵽Լǹ֮У
ݴ˼亱⣡
ÿһɾͣܳΪһ棬ȴеĴһ˹ѧ죡
ص˵˷׷׽ĳʷɹ£ЩУ˵˼˷ӣ컨׹˵ʲôʱϼҫ죬ɽ򻢣º衣ȻףȴýζϾ˵ⶫȻ˵ԽţԽʡ
һʱ䣬ߣƽеż˭˵ûǮͲģǵİǵĿ꣡
ɣǣϼ壬һֽ룬ּҷˡ
˹ǳҫһӢ۵ļ壬ûˣҲܵ˵𾴡
ͱԪ˧ļ壬㼸֮ؼˣȴҲȻǳӢ۵Ĺϼ壬˵ĹӢ۵ѪҺ
ּҵȻҲˣûһμ岻ϣгһԼб
֮ǰõ丮һѾһĪҫͬЩķʢеĹҳ״Ԫһҫ档
Ȼ漣⡰丮һͷȴֵһˣ
丮ľţҫּ˶д˹ʷᣡ
պ˴棬ôּұҲɳӢ۵Ĺϼ壬Ϊ
ܵģҵĵһףҲһֱѹһͷּü
죬ּŵƽʣϯķףּҼʷҪӣּҼԡ㣬棬һеʽҪȹ껹Ҫ¡صĶࡣ
ּµ˶õһݳĺּصĵũҲꡣЩȻ֪Ϊλõּ֣Ѿɣǡ

ʱ丮ı̨һлȻ֪ڳڶ֮ĵĸ֮Сղ׵һս֮ģһЩ


107 һ
˳еӰȻкܶʾãȻΪ丮Ĺأ丮ϵЩһɲɴ丮ӵ
̨µĺˮ׶̣һ޴һ㣬ʱߵĴһƬƣһݵҶɫɶһ׷ƮȻ˳ǣЩҶȴûһƬƮС
ı̨丮֮ĵĻڣÿοԣ丮ӿš
Ȼλ⣬Ա֮ġ
丮ѧ֮ʱ̨þľأأʮ£Ӻݻ󣬺Ŷ裬ĺ˯ʱһĻ龰Щʧˡ
Ȼ֪Ѿ޹ϸպ׷۷壬Ҳкνµıѣȴһᡣ
νᡱͷͨĵطһ;壬ҲģԶΪ
ҹޣϰļįʹͬʱȴҪ̣裬ôϰкãһˡ
аģһβҪıսܣ˰ģĳЩ飬統±ףȴǺݺݵİģ֮ǿҲɱ¡ᡱ
Ƿ˳˵һ֣˳ˣͷͨ泩ԪȻȻת裬Ҳ׹ͨ
֮˳ˣͷ裬Ԫתٻڣγһڸλνŭģûһ̫ǿģĶУ
ͷͨﲻΪƣͻƹؼƿʱᡱữΪħߵ־ʧԶĳڻִ֮У߻ħɰ׳ա
ᡱ취ֻһǾƾԼǿʵٵᣬնħͷͨϢ˳Ԫͨ裡
˴α䣬ױܣ϶ˣպͻڶҪܵӰ졣
׵İر졣ҪӶְɱҲûãгһգƾʵ˲ȴħ
Ȼ˵ѾǲˣĪ˵ˣӰպΪû£ԺҲֻԽԽԶ
෴ǿ״̬½ܣȴĽᣬ֮Ҳ֮ٴƣȻﲻĵزȻͨþؿ˵ʱȴٴֻ̣˰ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ֻɭһ롣
þղصľ¶Ź֮ɫûε£ȴȻεε˼иû̫ӡŮʦŮ꺭丮ٸʱĵʦ㡣
Ůξֻһš
سֵŮӲһԼϲģҲܼǱġ
飬Ҳ˵ıʱǶĴֻΪĿģһȥһǷܺ
ȥҪԶܺǾɫʥأʳɫҲ
дÿ˹ıܣ˶ݻĵ׸ʽǱЩȫ˵µߣؾܽЩ΢ɫ޷Ŵÿʧ档
ԵǧգȻ˷ɽ
ܶϰΪԼΪִϰһǧȻȴΪõ㣬ϰĶȻ½
ⱾһìܵĹ̡
ЩʦΪһأӵԹĳЩ񹦵伮ڿƪͻд˹Թ֮Ļ๦֮ʱҪأɫͻڹħʱ߻ħɫþΪ׳ա
ΪЩһЩе̫࣬䷴٣ΪûԪڣȫתԪ
ҲЩҲȥִˣӹ񣬻û˵˭֮ûһ˿һ
ڱ̨ϾĴתԪܿ˿⣬ʶ״̬ڵԪʼתתٶԽԽ죬·ҲԽԽ
ȫһԹߵݣԪٶֿ˼֣
һϲΪ֮ĵƣĿֽһٶٴߣȥ롶ԪڶСҲȥԶˡ
һԪתʱģ۾ɫ̫֮ǰ룬ȼһŴľס

˳ǣ̫Ӹ
ʱ̫ոɽ̫Ӹǰŵƽʣųһʢװ˳ȫ̫Ӹϰ׳ĺ̺ϰٸŮǣžʳ㡢ˮڶĿ֮䣬ʵеÿһ䡣
죬̫̫ӸһʢᣬȻ̫ӸֻǼ򵥵ûᣬ˶ش壬˳Ƿͷʢ
Ϊᣬ̫ӸȻĵڵ԰ոոݣʯשɨһȾɼˣڵȪҲˮ¹±̲ԣɷǺÿ
һһۣ΢΢ӵĸ̫Ӹ
ȻԵӷףȻ߶֮ȴƽȣȣУż͸¶һļµľ⡣
˹ʮ󽫾֮һ˹ܹмʮλȻƴȨھżģȴֻʮˣʮȫ⹫ʮһʮꡣ
ȻҲˣ
⴫дϲȻȴҲֻǾһǶѣû
Ȼ̫ӣڳеȴǲʮ
λ֮ʣȵϻʵۼݱλ˭֮˭Ҳ˵׼վӵĹؼʱˣˣٻƽƣˣǾ׹Ԩٲ
ǣ̬ȷģֻλµţͺʮӰһ𣬲ɷָļ塣Ѿ㹻λȡӹ̬ȡ
ѾɻڴҪλңӹ֮ƫκһǵѡ˭λǵĵλܵӰ졣
ˣԹλ֮ǽͻüΪУʮ󽫾һ㲻μӻӾеᣬΪڵϾͻ̽ӽ㱨ȥ
ȻʮӲʹ϶вμ˶ƫ̫ӵˣȴΪЩ˼һʣĶλ֮Щûв֣ʮӵϻλԺҲǣһһְλޣ˲ڶ࣬˭᲻Լţ
Խʵֵ֮ϲ
̫ҲǴ˽ʶ˼Ҳ丮ĵӣʱһգȻʶ
δɳҪԸңλͻ˳ˡ


108 ʢ
δɳҪԸңλͻ˳ˡ
뵽Щûʧ֮ǰ׽±ݺɱҲҪԼɽһ²ʵ̫ˣ
ӰԽԽ丮ܣѾû˭׶պضΪֿȵʱҪ˭ˡ
ĩμ̫ӵ¡ֺˬʵһЦ֮һȻԲ̫ӵǼ̫ӣչأҪģֻǺǹϻп̫ӵĵλ֮ϡ
𿴵ȼô࣬λֻǷţûʵȨģһ˹Ӱλϵ󣬶ǿְλ;ȨھӰּҲҪͿġ
ּæ̫ˣǼûᣬͺã˹ʮ󽫾ڣʶˣݹ٣ñ֮Ҳϲ֮
ǺǣǰЩӾæ˵µ롣ڽһ䣬ֵȻ׷к
˳ǻ˵
˾ǵٴͨüëһ˳ǻǬ
ϻͷȻҲˣַǳԾǬĵĵȣ֮ǰûиǬ
һôеʱ򣬶̽ӶڶأǬȻ磿һô
ʵڽıУǬĵλ㲻̫Թ󣬾ְλڽ֮£˹ĽмʮλнٸǬûоλǹ塣
ǬƺλԣʵǬеĵλȴļһЩĩβĽҪҪҪΪλ̫Ҫ˳ǻ
Թλ֮ѾʮˣʳǻеСеĹ͢䣬ͨʹͻʳǻʵֵģ
Ϊˣ˹Ļʳǻ轫ֻĸֹܶϱķ˳ǻȨɢĸ໥Լ
ǬǶȻ֪ԼݵУСκλ֮䶼žľ룬λȵˣ͸Ǹϻͷ
˳ǻһ
̫ӼλʧܣĽ˹ʮ󽫾ŵʮӲ׶ǬͲһˣֻǸССľƹܻʳǻ㲻ãʮӾͻˣɱˡ
ǬȻˣʶҲڡˡǰ丮֮գԼһŴʱݺģƺǬĳһӡ
ֻǸС¶˵ֶֻΪûзϣˡ
ԭЩǬﲻܰɣ뵽аЦ
ǬЩȷʵǱܼ尾˵˵ùʱҲǹ֪ͻ˾˹ͷʢʱǬǽһᡣ
˭˭ˣ
ǰ丮󿼣ݺ̫һֽΰֻǬԸв˳ĶѣϾֻǸӸɳ飬̫ӦòڰǣԼϡ
û뵽⾹Ȼϣһҡһ䣬丮һţպض˹绽ֻҪԸ⣬ԿԷ⹫
ɳԼֱ練ơ
Ǭ֪ӸĳͻԲǴܶŹô򵥣ǿǵ˰ŪŪеĳ̶ȣ
ǬʣԼ£ưոݣ
ԣôܲ£Щû˯̤ʵ丮Ϊ丮Ĺ涨ûаϵ˵Щ嶼š
ܼĻᣬֻ̫ӵᣬԼӣ
ǵ֪Ϣĵ죬ѾǬ˰յֱǬϳǵصĴһ١
˵ߣЩ춼쾫ˣһԱߵˣʱһֻϣһҧˣȻҪһŲ
ߴһȺΪ书ľҷȥʰֶд
ȥ½գܺȾƳ⣬ȥ¥ֱҪߵű丮յһĻʱ߿ֻ룬ǿһ㣬һŲ
Ȼʵαĸңˣҵǣȥֱ֮Ǭҷãٱذա
ģ߼Ѿϰûо⣬ûŮˣ侭ӣȻصĺúõģĪֱϳһ١
һ٣ݣֱӴ߼ȥŵ֪Ϊʲôᱻ֣Ѿ׳ߵʣһӣҲٶʲôˡ
ļҷǬҪߣʵǱߣҪһߵҪŪǲһЩδػ½ҹȥ
ĩμ̫ӵ£ǬĹԵЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
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ʱƣһһǰ磬ֳ̫ǰδеʢ
ԸŻžƱ̸ţǵһһԹǡЩˣɶ˳ǵķ
ƽ㣬Ҳ˰ĽȺ֮з˰׾ƣԭΪһЩ竹ӵľЩͷ׶ʱϲЦݣŲһһСһת۳˰׾ƵߣϴŻҲ˿ûӰ쵽ĶƫƫֹŵУĶҲԵͻأǴһˮ¡
Ľãû뵽ĽݼҲء
ĽϺͰ׾ƣϴɱ󿼺м丮֮ŮĽʮ꣬ʯʮ׾ʮ꣬ʯʮŮ˺ϳΪ˫
ǿ˵ǼǧһŮˣʱŮһڶ˵Ŀ⣬˾ͬĿȸһ㣬֮кȺ
ҼǵĽݼٲμء׾˵΢΢һ٣ǳЦŵβ׵İɣ
ȥƽִȤңЩӵûһģĽȷʵʱô˵츳ʵټòʣ˳ǣȱȵĹҲֻˡ
ĽϵҹȷʵûŹò츳ǳĻĺɫ˺ϻΪֹѾ֪Ū˶ŮӣʮӺ̫ӣ̫ޣĽϵĸ߰Ȼ檣˵ˣ̫Ӻʮ˵ʣĽݼȻóȻ
ǺǣȻ˵ǣ˵ǡ׾˵ͻȻ˾ǵ丮ִ˵


109 ϻ
ǺǣȻ˵ǣ˵ǡ׾˵ͻȻ˾ǵ丮ִ˵
һͨڼе˶ſڣѾʼſȥ
òŮ£ȻҲһ·Ǳй廪ĹǾͨˣΪЩ۵ķƣ㴩ͨȺ֮ҲԵøҫۡ
ʱŸղ˾ǵͨЩŹֵĸо
ִˣʵǲϰߡ
ûйְҲûоλƽһΨһ˵óȥݾ丮ˡ˾ǲֱһ˵ĳƺ
Ȼһ˲š
ֻʮ꣬˲ð
ǣҲҪעĶ
ֵܣˡ̫һǰ֮ǰͽסˡ
ֵܲضҸһ¡ĺܶ˶˽ʶ˼ȻҪһһܣҪܵˣȻ
ֵܣλ˹ʮ󽫾֮һ佫˹ϽߣսպգΪԪѫΪϽŽսͷ
佫˵λ˳ı߽󽫶Ǹ߸ϵҪֱǡ
Сֵ̫ˣ̫ӵ¶ôܵ˵ҸСֵܻʦֵܣҴ丮ҵѾʮˣʱǿ죡
˵ӣڳ˶
СֵΪ˹ʶˣһ֮ʮΪǰ;
佫ˣҪߵ·š̫ϰĿޣ˼䡣
Сֵܻǫ飬˵СֵѾ֮֮󣬿ԽӵһЩСֵ⣬ϽСֵܵʵȻҵ
Ļһȷʵ丮ĵӽ֮󣬱ԽӾɺн⽱丮ҲԳ͢񶼻ᰴվͣЩ丮ӻûҵѾˡ
λƽʲôģǲȤ丮Ľȴ൱񣬱Ԫʯ߼ƷҩԼߴɱʱ䡣
Ԫʯߴɱʱ䲻˵ˣرģ߼мƷǹҲĶ
ڼƷҩǸǱʵҪмƷҩֵҩ˹мУյٴȴҲŪֵҩ
ԭΪ£ȥɾе⵹ҲǰսֻǱ䣬ȴʵսɾʵнãֲΪ
뵽佫кʵһǰϽ
̫ˣСֵһʣǸһ

̸ʱ򣬰׾ƺĽϻڼŸղŹ׵̸˵׶ˡ׾ʾһ£֮ǰ˵
ƽ˵ʲôأĽ΢΢һ죬һСô
Ľʮ꣬ȴֻʮꡣ
׾һЦõ˼ҪС꣬ͬˣ
Ľһᣬô˵ȡЦңҿˣ
ǺǣãС׷Ѱ翵죬ߵľ磬պҪ˵ģഺƳ˵ˣǲʮ꣬ʮ궼ûʲô
׷Ѱ쾳磿Ľ΢΢һ˹ķ˵쾳ȷʵЩңԶˣȻ˳ʱ֮Ů˵׷Ѱ죬ȴ֪֮Լûϣ丮ļĵӶδϣ
ͬƷ츳ʵھס
˵Ҳȥ׷ѰأĽ˵
ܣǲһţ̫ȴǳ֮⣬еĶ˵˭һЩͬ׵սȻǿպΪɾͣ¾ϣˣϾֻƷ츳츳ȱֲ˵ġҾĿ˹ҵ˵ΪһԪ˧
һԪ˧ĽһʱЩʧǿʤʵ۵Ĵڣ˹ܶղ֪ʵ۵ʲôȴû˲֪Ԫ˧Ĵ
ĽϵݵλҲ˹䱧г羴֮ġ
Ľʧʱ򣬰׾ͻȻЦˣ㿴أѾܶŮΧˣ㲻ȥûŶ
ĽѭһȻٹСѾĿ̸
ˣ˵õǹа˰ٶأǲİһŮգˮ۾Щ㷵Ŀ
ЩӽŮҲþǳڹ֮ģǱϾͻСֻʮ꣬˼еڸĸİʾ¹еǳڴĳ֮ģϾ˹һĹң丮ƺţ˲õģǴż
ǰ˰ٶʮЦŻش
ۣ˲ôİܿô
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ţ
һῴࡣŮ˵գһƯ۾Ҹ㿴ô

ûξܾŮȴּ⣬ϸĶŮģŮе

ȻֱӶˡ׾ЦЦ˵
ߣһȺաĽϲмƲƲ죬ԹԵˮеĹƣ·͵ĸ߹ȸ
׾аЦĽϵĸܷ߰ЩŮһ̫ˣãкҪǲĻûаġ
ôȥĽһ
ң׾ĽϵѯЦȴǽĬһ̾һҵĻԼˡ
ţΪʲôĽϲ⣬Ȼ˹ŮĻҪӸĸ֮Ȼ׾ݷͬһ㣬ǵʵ츳ǵĻȨԼĻ㣬Ҳ̫˳ˣ˵ޣôܵ㡣
׾ƿɬһЦô򵥡
ǸȺϻڳϵ״ӣ˵ǰ׼ң˳ǻңûзʸ
ȵ߸ʦִУҲ߸ڣ罣ڡڡڵȵȣϻҲִеһ֣ɲ֮еĹŮ֮йأ޸ֺϻڵĵӣܾܿӡ
Ľϸо׾Ʋ˵Ҳ֪𣬾ʱ˾ٴ̫̫ͨľ״ˣԪ˧С㵽
ľ׺
΢΢һǺþûˡ̨ϿһЩֻ¶Ź֮ɫ
ֻ̨ǽеһ޷Ŵ󣬵Ķɫġ


110 
һµԳж˵Լ࣬غͱûпֻ̫ͣ¶ϸ֬磬ЩɬȻҲܹճ˵ߣ°ϵúܳһȪһڵϡ
⻹һοʢװ΢΢ȣŮƺƷͬζڹοһŮѧ崿ɬ֮ϿȴȻȻ¶߹ţ֪δھпһװֻΣ
ĳ֣ڳ˵עĿոɵĺ䶯ҲȫȲ
ȻȻڳҹĿʱʱȴû˲Ŀ˵ʵЩңԶˣȥ⣬ȥ⡣
ʦӭȥ
ˡľ΢΢һЦĿȺһɨǺǣСֵܣּˡ
ľ΢һľ߹ȥһЩСȻǰˡ
ľһЩСǣζЦţûдɣ
εĵľͱȤˡ
Ȼ˹ĴͳʮȢʮ͵׵Ҳڣٹ£Ҳʮˣÿǿˡ
ûô顣Դ·ִֺ׷Ѱ£û顣
˭֪ʱһЦ˵ǿڲأҼǵõþصʱͣ˺ܾã֪εĸأ£ϲŮֻҪ¼ǹȻӦʵġ
һʣȴɫ΢졣
εĸ
治̫˵
ȤСֵˣţģһ̫Ҫһ档
Ŷõġûƴǣ֮е飬Ȼ磬ͱûܾ̫ӵ롣
̸һΪĴڣȴûĸŮٿǰˣ˵һĹŮĽǰûʲôš
ʱ˾ͻȻһܹܴͨ
̫΢΢һΪҪһ˵Ƚٳһʹʥּ
ѵҪּ
̫ɻţѾ߽˴ɫۣŷ΢΢һӲӵƣ׭д֡
ȵ
̫һǱʥּһ
ȻǹеܹܣҲ丮һЩ飬빬Ϊѧ츳ڣ丮ΪˣĹѾ۷壬ܹ̫ͬʱػʹĴڸ֡
һȸҵͨ
ЦеĿһۣ˵СֵиˣΪСֵ˺ĵݣµ涨˿˵ݣ丮ۼˣ֪Сֵ̫Ӹ磬ۼҾ͸Ϲˣ֪СֵǷΪ丮ĺĵӣ
һϯ˵Ծĵӣ
ȻϵпܳΪĵӣ˭Ҳû뵽ô죡
һ˹ĺĵӣش壡һҪɻ丮ʹô͵˹̫ϻˣ
ĵӵĿ˿ɲô׹ģɭû
ʱɭҪһأܹôﶼò׼֮⣬ƫƫصľˡ
û̫ԥͻشԸΪĵӡ
׷۷壬һ·ŪԴҪ˵ߴɱԪʯƷҩЩǴӺ죬ͱС쵤ڵĺֶֻдŲУ׽磬ļֵ޷ûƽ
ܺáЦЦǼϸٴ˵ôݣӼʽ丮ĵӿˣʮﵽ׽۷壬ͨĵӿˣߣʮﵽض͹ǾڣҲͨĵӿˡ򣬿ʧܣ
ĿݣӦһЩӼ֮ڽɱǰʮɵõ˽Ʒǹһˡ
ĸ֮ڻŹ񣬿ԵõѪ֥һá
֮ڻؿ࣬ɵõ鵤һö
֮ڻɭɵõҺһƿ
ϽȫԵӣף
Це
˽ƷǹѪ֥鵤Һ
ڳ˶֪丮ĵЩ󣬻˿˿
˽Ʒǹ˵Ȼ㲻ЩжģǼˣ˹ȴҲǼֵǣ
ͨ˽Ʒ絶һҪһƽ𣬶˽ƷǹǼֵǷ˼һмУ
ǹЩҪնҪԵѴ죬ϼѣֽûбǹһʹڵǹһЩȻõıǹǹûеԣۿۡ
Ȼûǵһ֣ͲӲǹǵǹ
˽Ʒıǹļֵ
˵Ѫ֥Ѫ֥ʱǲժĻˣİѪ֥ѾǳѪ֥ڷ伸ҲֻдŲطѪ֥ԲѪ֮Ѫʢ֮
׷ʥҩ
Ǳ鵤;Һڳ˶ʲôѪ֥Ʒǹһ𣬿϶ҲǼֵǵı
ǡȻˣڳȴûмģΪõѶȴĳ󣡣
֮ڽɱǰʮ
ĸ֮ڻŹ
֮ڻؿ࣡
֮ڻɭ
Щ죬һһѣ
һ˵򵥵ģǣ˿ȴѾˣҲֻǽ丮¶ѣټҲʱ䣬ֱɱʯǰʮڴ֮ǰ˵ĻôһΪ˷ˡ
Ҫ֪ԽǰԽңÿǰһҲԽѣǰʮǰʮȫ
ô
˵֮ɱɱǰʮһЩ϶سɴ˵Ǿôһϣ
ǣĸ֮ڻŹ֮ڻؿ֮࣬ڻɭ
£̫ˣ
Ҫ֪˸֮ȫͬһײŹؿ඼Ƕ͹Ǿǿߣĵֻ׽۷ѣʵ̫࣡
Źų丮ٶȵһؿųһ
ɭΪֲȫ͵ģڻɭܣ
ڳĶһˣ֪ܶ鱨ɭ˽⡣
ӵûɭҲ⣡


111 Ǭ
ӵûɭҲ⣡
ͬ£츳ֻƷеȣɭ츳Ʒµȣɭ곤꣬丮꣬Ȳ࣬Ǳ׷ϵĻôܣ
ɭŽӽߵʵҪ൱Ҫڰ֮ڣﵽӽڵʵ⻹ǲɭʵǰ£ɭţôܰ겻һ
һ֪ɭμȺĵӿ˵ľҪɭʮﵽ۷壬ʮﵽ۷壬ʮ͹ǾȻĿѶȣɭѣ
Ϊϻɭȿ˸ߵż
뵽˵ģȻҲõ
һϵˣֻеһȸĺĵӿˣҲʮﵽ۷壬ĿԼ˵ѡ
ѵĻҲ丮ӦԼĽĻֻǶĽòõõͿԼı£ӰԼΪĵӡ
ȻЩĻɵһĿꡣ
ĻУѵľڻɭһĽõˡ
»ɭ丮ĸҲûָһɣ
ƾĿ⣬˿Щǹڰ׷ɭûʲôܣٳԼƷҩöƷҩȴҪһḶ́ͻᵼԪ
֮Ҳᷢһŵҩⵤҩ߳൨軹Ҫ˺ܶ࣬ʲôЧ
˼ʱЦ˵ʼСֵÿ¿ʹ丮ߴɱʮʱ䣬Ԫʯÿ¿ʮ飬Ǹ׿Ӧʵģ൱أСֵܣҪûʲôͽɡ
ߴɱÿʹʮ죿
һϲ丮ǰеĴʮ죬Ҳһٶʮʱˡ
û
ţۼҾһˣλɣԺá
˵һ㾶뿪е˻۸ղſ˵顣
丮ĺĵ治ôõġ
ƽ㣬Ҿοǲ̫ˣȻɭǽ֣̫ˣôСɭؿࡢŹǶʮˣôӮĽЩƽ˵츳ѾˣȻգʲôˣ
׾Ƶ˭˵ˣ˿ûҪǴɭֻҪΪڵʮʱ׽۷ܳΪĵˣڲʮ꣬һأ⹻õĻһһδزأôżˣ
ĽƲƲʲôҪǳ˺ĵӣһأ
Ľһ˵׾Ƶ㶣ȷʵƺһԽͯŮҲʣȻļͨ˵㣬Լ㹻ʵʲôͲֵһˡ
ʱ̫ӹЦֳ֪Ϊĵӣû뵽ôˣ飬ҹһףٴ漣
̫˵žƱһڳͷ׷׾ٱΪĵյһµĸ߳
ֿȣ
ǲܳΪĵӣҲǷ⹫Ϊһǳ˺ĵӺǾпܳΪһʹ丮ǿ̫ϻʵ˹绽꣬ܣ
ڳͶ̬У嶼ֵܳܣСŵõĴࡣ
ԴˣЩӦӲϾˡ
ʱһͷñߣĽһ䡰ִˡ
ţǣ
ִˣ˳ǻǬǬ˵ţһȻλȻϾݻֻƽ񣬶СǬôǾǼʮˣݣôҲûֻΪ˾Գǫ
˳ǻǬ΢΢һ㵣ʱߣԼִ竣ȻǣȻȻʵһͿȴžƣЩʱʶľ׵Ļڿ丮Ŷˡ
û뵽˾ȻߵĸףǬûаֺøУһøףô̳ĶͲţǬ֪ƽʱΪԼֻһƶĻ㱻ŪǬҲ͵ûɡ
ţɫ΢˵֪㣬ǰЩ̹ӵֶΣΪӵɣԵӲ̣֮ƽʱܶӵķǺȫ˽ɣ
ƣԵѵ֮⣬ǬѾ׼ûȥˣǱôѵ⻹ǸоҲסˣϾԼʮˣȴǸСӡ
ֻӦǵ˵ִ˵ǣ֮ǰѾӰգҲѾù˼ҷѾ
ˣ˵ˡܲµǬ˵ʲôҰ½ҹȥǰɣ
Ǭ󣬵ڳ˲֣һЩˣǬʵޱȣǶˡ
Ǭѹִˣ֮ǰִ˵ΪҶѾ֪ˣ丮˵һΣȫ׵ʹмֽģ֮ǰε飬ѾӼ²˴
ִ֮ⱲҲǷˣ߾ӣִͬ˷һ竼ƽϣִ˻ҽӽִ˴ãƾִ˵飬⣬׼ʮԪʯ񣬻ϣִ¡
Ǭһϯ˵Ҳòϣֻ켣ٳмֶΣԼòһ־ʮԪʯĴ񣬶ţԼĲģǬԻὫӽԼƾá
ˣƵ·ֻǸԼһˣûаôҲûŪŪУʮԪʯãʹա
ãҲ飬Ԫʯˣһʹ
ֱֱȥ仰ǬЩ⣬Ȼ֪ʮԪʯߵļֵôһԪʯҲ˴ǮһߣţߣԪʯȴּѣȥšʮֲԸ£ȴ൱ɴࡣ
ȻֻһС£ȴǬж˼ʶ˵֮ĸһȣһΪ˴ԶΪα裬ްаģͷͨȹ̣ǳʺ䡣
ǬлĿһۣ뿪һ۵ĵĸӵĹͻϣǬǼᶨɣμᣬҪԭ򣬷պܱܿΪ켺ǾʹĲˡ
ԭͬʱǬҲҪΪԼĶƲϵյ飬ʹǸĶֻǱǹʹˡ


112 
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ôǬ˼Ǭ׵ʱʮɫ΢΢ǬĶڿйĳͻ֪ʹġ
ˣȥЩϢɡޱ˵
ǣĩˡǬĿѾﵽΪ˳һְСλȴ֮в㽫죬ǬһֱСıȫͷϵɴñԼԴһֱĺܺá

˳ǣϼֲ
һɫ¿㣬ͷɢĿڴߣʧ⣬Ŀ⣬·𴩹˲ĽȺ˵ƻ̫ͨӸ̫Ӹھһʢᣬ
ױڴϵսȭͷϺõĽбȻץˡ
ǰһսˣҪ͸֧壬˾似׵Ϊز㣬ǿʩչѾǶļ󸺺ɣ󾹱Ѿõһǹ˻׵𺦸
鵤ҩκãǾȴѲˣΪͻڵ谭

µͷȻ鿪ѩ׵ѩһƮɡ
һ˵һԣϲŭ޳ûаְȫУǰһ̻һ̻ͻȻɱŭҰޡ
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׵Ŀ⣬ºһͣĿо䣬ãڵ׷·ҪɱԼ
ô䲻һ䡣
󡭡ʲôЩţһԼ
ָ֪ʲô
ķɻڴѾҫĳɾ͵λҲʻԶףΪµĹ֮ģȻ֮
̫Ӹھᣬ棬ȥᣬȺۣĹСŻǵţǲҪôھͿȥ
׵ƽдű䣬ľ֪ڱߵıԵ˵һ䡰ڡһŭ֮²֪ʲô
´ʱձҧ촽˵Ѿûкڵʸˡ
ȻһЦ¶Ǻɭɭݣܳʵû˵㲻ڣܺãȷʵûкڵʸˣȻˣ·˰ɣ
ʲôһʶץסԼ죬ףǻû顣
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ף㡭µһʶſȥڴ֮ǰȻΣոУʵ״û¶֣ʵϣʱһʿ
ǽ죬º׻ǿԼΪսʧԼǰ;ܴ죬ѾͬŭҰޡ
׿µСȻˣԸ㹻Ȱ㲻ҪſˣһҲԶ֡
졭סҧ촽ѾˮץסָΪԵ÷ס
սǿϲŮˣԴ˷й֮ôףַοô
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ǣ˼ȴһѪ˵ƣŮԽУ׸оԼȵĿɱ
ˣ߳ŭˣ
תԪ˹ȥʱűˣ͵үʮˡ
ţüͷһ壬ѾһԪҲƽ
ѾŵµһӿǽĻȥѾ˺һ֮ǰʮּʣʱһ仰׾ʹ˽ԼԼڣʮӵĵȴظ
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ӸӦ˵һĻȻʮȴʲôû˵׵Ҳһֱš
ʶߣʮͻȻ˵һûͷûԵĻ
׶ʱʮָյǼ£ʮӲͻȻôСȻΪĳ߱𣬹ԼִʮӵĶС
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ܺãҵΪôױ£֪оģ磡ôȵѩ̿Ͷûаֹͣȴ͸һݴ񰡡֪ѾʼкĵӿˣֻҪˣǺĵӣ
ĺݺݵĳ鴤һ£ĵӣ
붼ģ˹ֻһĺĵӣ
ˡ
ף֪һ丮ĵӶҺ˵ļֵôʮɫԵЩ丮ĺĵӣȣҪôȣҪôɻ丮ĸʹ
ȻãɻΪ丮ĸʹǾ˲ˣ
˹ΪȵϽ丮ĸʹĵλҪʵۣ
ʹ󣬹֧̫ӣԼûаϣգ
ʧܣܻḶĴۣ
սȭͷָĿ۽ĵӣôܣгһճ丮ĸʹôԼһֻϣ뵽еľ
𣬻ܱ
ǴǽǣãȻ֮ɫĵ𡭡ҪΪĵˣ
Ϊ˹丮ʹ
˵˸翵Ĵ˵̫ңԶˡ
ʮʱҲע⵽£ΪŮע⵽ϾµţȻԼжϴˣǡ£


113 ʮӵľ
ʮʱҲע⵽£ΪŮע⵽ϾµţȻԼжϴˣǡ£
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ʮ´£ߵһ崿ģֲΪԣϧ㻹оĻкܴüֵڡֻ¡
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ȥɣʮӶһ֡
ҧ촽ǿۿеᣬˡ
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׳ĬȻΪָǶУѾѪȭͷȴѾشʮӡ
ܺãΪ丮ĺĵӣ֪丮˹ζʲô㱨Ļᣬã
ãҲлᣬһֱ丮ֻҪлᰵɱʵǿߣһᰵΪṩṩǮֻҪ㹻ͻһЩǿ߻ĶЩǿ߾޶Ѳ飬Ҳκβǡ
ǣһϣϾһҲὫ壡ףϣ⣬ѾһұҪ̳лλңҶ֣֮
׵ĺݺݵĳһ£ʮӻޣ壡
Ȼ֪ʮΪôɱзյģһ丮֪ʮӾˣҲˣ
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Լɱʧܣ丮֪ҲʮӺûκιϵ
ҺʮôǶʾãжԵԼȥôݵһ壬翴Һʮӵò
Ϊʾ׳ʿҲüʮΪˣ
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˫£һ̣
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һʧܣͻḶĴۣ
ǣûѡȨ
Լ˵һӻȡ棬˿Ҫԥ顣
ף鷢չһΨһİ취ҲΪһ䣬λұҲҪԼ
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ҪôĵЦĵǸʱ㷴ɱڰɣ
룬񾡹أοʮԶɣԼ˭ҲšôץѱԼߣʳѰɱ丮ĺĵӣ㹻ʮӱȴ
ʧܣ
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ҵٻ󣬻ٵҵǰ;Ҫҵ
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۾һ˿⣬ģҪˣˣȫɱ⣡
ҪɱɱһУ
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ڵҷţµһ·Ұֿһ㣬¸ṳ̂Ǹ䣬޷뿪ֻڴãȻĵȴš
Źһӣ״ӷгվ
һ˦һűֽ·ʶĽӹһǶԼ顣
˺˰ɡ˵
ʲʲôµֽ
ǵĻԼˣҴڿʼҡ
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˵ָ꣬һֻ꣡һеԼ鱻ԪгƬ
һ̣ͷһƬհף˹Ůݣһ飬ټ޻ܵӰ죬˼Ȣ޾ԲȢŮˣգҲ檶ѡ
ˡѾȫ侲˵תȥҲûпһۣʱѾ˳ޣԭǸѾˣô˼չµĸܡ

ҷֲгãȻڴϣˡ׳׽ˡ
ͻȻ֣ԼоȻûбŮеѹ;һɳһĸо
һֽԼ飬ޱѹ֡ƣҲ֮ˡ
ҹ¶ˮأ쬵ģ˳ǵҹɷֽ֣Ե¥߸ңƻɺ֮УŮ֮֬ʮԶš
ֵ磬ͻȻЦˣһֽѵЦݣʱһڲݵѣһȥСҰŻʯͷСϪСŽϪˮУճ˵ͻСڽűҧţĸоΪھ¥СʱͻóԵķˣץҰҰˣժҰյչƸֱʳԼ˵ʱϼ·ȡɽϵȪˮҩ
ȻѾزȥˡ
²֪ʱѾˮڣΪ˹ҫ۵ǣ˳ΪԪ˧ʹ˵ĻᣬǺΪݻٶ򵥣Ҹ
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ٻ丮ˣʣʧȥҩĵ֧֣Ҳ̫ߵѧɾ͡
Ҳɣǣûȥ֪ȥԼĸĸԽַ
ңҪģټˣ޷ټ

ѩУȫ׺µ˱仯ԼһС
Ȼ֪Լ׵ĳѾɻ⣬Ҳµպ׿ܻŻȻȴɱף׺ôҲ丮ʽӣ˭ɱ൱ս丮Ȩ
ִˣ³ͣһ̫Ӹ̹Ķ˵
ÿΪ̫ӻԼ̫Ӹ鷿棬û뵽Ȼ˳ǣ˴ɽɽţ丮ǲԶ
֣ͣһ֮ۡǰ⸮ۡݻȴļΪ£СˮɽȣȴǸۡһ԰֡
Ǻǣֵܣլӣϲô
ţ΢΢һѾµʲôˣ뽫լ͸Լ
լӣԼҲ̫һɵˡ


114 ֵ
ԻȨȫûȤ̫Ӻľ׶ж丮֮գ̫ӵĴμӲ˿ԣܱĺܲзϡ
Ǹ֪ͼˣ岻ıģôˣԼıı㲻ͨ
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̫ӵˣҲʮӵıɱֻպ²˹
Ŷ̾һȻ־ԶͬһСС˹ݲ
£ҿԱ֤뿪˹̫Զλ֮ʱһᾡϻһ֮
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լӵУһЩϸϵ̴ľԪʯЩԪʯɫȻƷϵȣһһٿ֮ࡣ
ЩԪʯʱʹãҲϰˣɫԪʯ̺ԪҪͨԪʯһ
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ţǡ
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ֽСǧĴСȶ̶ȣԷΪܶƷǰֽȻֻ˽Ʒֵȴֵ˽ƷıΪֽʵ̫ѡ
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Ŷ̫˵ģ뵽ֽУȻܸоһ·һĶȡһһϽɫıס
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ЩѪȻ֮дȥģȴ͸ӵֱ˾Ǹеĸ֡
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̫һңׯԷˡ
Էװʮݻмһһɶĺľ󴲣㹻һ˯ˡ
ʱĸѾѾΪ̺˴վڴ󴲵ĸ䣬ĸѾߣӦöʮ֮䣬һһñ£Ȼϸĵѡ
Ѿһƶ˼ҵŮСȥһЩƯľͻᱻѡص黭塣
ѾҲ˵ģңǸչӵͨѾߣǾ͵ˣѾ߸ƽʱҵ̴ɨޣøɱĻǮ͵λܸߣԺѾ۵λãܶ뼷ҲȥϾ˵ܳΪõĽˡתˣõ˼൱ѣԶʱѾ˵Ҫת޵ȥ
ĸѾͷĵжЩֲ̿Щˣܼ͸ǰ˭˹ҫ۵ǣ丮İţܳΪĵӵܼרŹչźţҪһ΢ֹܸ¸ӡһӾгͷ֮գȸˡ
һ˵ʮҪΪѾߣܸдɫʣòҲõͨѾߣѾǼĸˣѾ̹飬ӶûУļҾߡӡ¯ʲôȫµģɨĹɼˡ
ĸˮѾߣٿһɫϺúľҾߣŰϵϽ̴¯˿֯ɵп˼ʺܡ
ֵֵˣϢҲֵͬס˯ͷ
֪ôΪģ°ɱΪ̫ӣµȻиֻʮӸ谵ɱֱɱ̫Ǿ´ˡ
һĸΨΨŵŵСһѾߣϣֵֻ̿ɫ΢΢ҡͷֵˣһǻ丮
ţլӲ⣿
ǵǡ΢΢һЦ˵̫ݻ丮徲ӸʺϿޡ


115 Ź
΢΢һЦ˵̫ݻ丮徲ӸʺϿޡ
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լԺˣ˯ҲҪɨһȾ

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һװݻĴ֮УĲ˿ϯ֮ϣһòݵбſ§ǧĵˣϯ֮ǰһѾģŮӹΪӴȣһ棬һŮӶһˮѣһһժָţӵĿС
丮ʯĸŹҲ丮˺ĵ⣬ΨһһƷ츳ľš
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̻˹жӴĸڵ˹ҪԶ˾޴֯ӵеĵĲ
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ͲͬˣЩӣѾķˣ˳ǵĸ߰գ˭ǵŹһ
ŹʲôʯѣȻ츳Ȼ츳ǽ˳ǴСֻҪ丮һȫ֣
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ⴥŹۣȱˣʲôʱֵԼ
丮Ҹ˵ʯƫҪ㿴е˲ڽ£ݺݵĲȣãҵġϻ񹦡Ѿ˵һشɵľ磬ǿƷ츳Ʒ츳Ĳ࣡
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˻ȻҪйŹйķʽֱӣǾǷйŮϡ
ŴϵŮӵĽЦ֮ҡҡͷת뿪
ŹӴôãŹΪһЩ˽⣬Ź񲻻ĵ˵ĵʯȻڣ丮ŹƵĶϣôŹһȡһЩֶζԸ
Ź˰ļأռǿ޲ȫµŮͺöԼģΪδĳɾͲͷ
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˭ҪΪŹžĻô϶ĺܲҡŹܿ£磬֮ĵ˲ǡպͿǰգҲɭ֣ʵ£ǷӣŹ񣬱ƫִƴҪ
ǿºģ²ҪģҪ¾񲡵ģŹ񣬾ھ񲡵֣蹷һ㣬õͱܣŵڳҧ
Ըˣһ˸Ҹƴȥ
Ź»ĸµľ֮ǰһΣȴ֪ȡʲôֶΡ
¶һ˿ζЦݣ뵱ĵӣɲô׵ģҪŹһء

ص丮Ѿʱ֣óеֽ䣬ϸĶ֮꣬ǰѾһЩƽԪʯȫ棬ֽڲռ˵ȶֻҪȥƻָǲͻȻģĵ˽ָʱҲܸӦԲڶͻȻûе
ԪʯѾٶˣ̫͵ģǬ͵ģн֮丮ĽҲһЩԪʯȴˣ˼ҶͻǷ飬պ塣
ЩԪʯѾ㹻ãߴɱʱҲǳԣȻҪĸ³ŹǼΪǿ
뿪һ;뵽ıǡ
еķ֣ҩꡣ
֣һֱһţҲ
ѧҩбȽϵͼķҪԪ֮ǰԪ񡶻ԪﵽڶأʵҲߵشɣһѧϰˡ


116 ץĲ
ģߵٶȻս
һҲƵģƷԼߵ״ͬҲʹӡ
Źıĸֻ֮һ֮ڻƳܷӳЧЧۿֻۣǰװ˷ʱѣ
ȻҪһ֮ڻƳȴ죡
Ȼļ䣬ҪƳɹȻҪʱ䣬ʹôϡ
Ǽ򵥵ģѵľҪҪõϡϣЩϵϡ̶ȣֻһ¶
ڼ򵥵һٶȵľԪһսĶ֮ӡ
Ȼ򵥵õĲһһгȴҲץˣ
弶޵ѪҺһͼֵƽҪ¶ƽ𣬶Ǯûط
˹û弶޵Ķ֣弶ޣֻʵǿĺ۷ߣǿԸ
ߣһǴŻҳ弶޵ѪҺҲֻдӴвſЩСУۡ
˵ҫʯ׹䣬ֻ֮ܿȻγɣҲÿǶҫʯֻЩشǧϵǣſܳһҫʯһҫʯгͼ۱Ҫʮƽ
ҼѰң
ңҪֻǶѡ
ԤƣȫгͼۣҲ˵ÿζҪһЩżЩϣֵˣôЩҪʮƽ𣬵ȻΣ
Щϣܶ඼弶ѪҺҫʯһмУʹʵʻѵĽǮҪʮʮʮϡ棡
ʮƽЩϣһأãʮ궼δҵ룡
嵥ЩԵͼһЩĲϣ˹ʦҲƷ
ʦҪ֣ϴεĻѾùˣûл֣ЩνġͼϸٶļǮʦҲģ
Щɶʦı
嵥еͷʹޱȣԼȫ̵ֻ̫ӡ
Ǽĺôˣ̫ڶ࣬㷺԰ԼĴæ
Ȼ̫㾡ܣҵĲҲ޵ġ
뵽ҡͷЦҼ̫£һ¶ûȴһҪôһʲϣ˵ЩмеƷˣֻԵͼĲϣ̫Ҳõó
̫Ӳԣ̫Ӹ⣬ʵϣ̫Ӹ¼ٿ˵ĸֿټᡢ񡢴͵ȵȸ֧Ҫ£ˣҪԼÿ֧ȥǮ¶Ҫʮƽ
ͱһٶŴԪʯҪʮƽһش˳ǸׯӼӰĶغôˡѾҲҪʮƽټһֵ˵ϽףôҲҪʮˣ
Ϊ֧̫̫ӵľһЩѾõʦͱľסˣܴ󣬵֧ȴ٣Ѿ͡
̫ÿ֧ôǮٺ»Ǳˮн̫ӵ룬Ҫׯ԰ػе̡
ׯ԰ؾǴ͸ׯӣ̣ȴ֪̫Ӳкܶ࣬Ϊ˳ǵҪ̶̻С
սķӶʮӣ̫ӺΪԾ£ˣ̫ӵһֱʮѹš
̫ҵҲѪܶʮƽ̫һóͷǮЩתˣҸҪϣ̫ʣǲֱҪԼ룬ǼҩĲϾҷ˺ܴοҪĲϸʵڲֻ̫Ӱ·ǮԼ취ˣׯӿ˻̫ӡ
ԪͶ֮ӡټҵĿ⣬˿͡Ǿĸ֮ҶŹҲһսֻºɭһûаգɭʵԽǿԽܸоĿ¡
ǰ̫ܹȫķĲϣгĳЩϣֻŻУƾ̫ӵҵ٣

ʦᣬĴ
ո̤ʦᣬ̱ϴνӴĽӴС㷢ˣС۾һ̷ͷĹ첽߶䣬ĺЩˡ
˳ǻûжʶֻ˵֣֪ʲôӴСʦˣϣʦᵱȻ֪˳ǹâҫ۵丮һţʦῼ˹Ǹꡣ
ǲ˵
ӴСһޱȵЦݣС毺õĽӴװһζ
Ŷ㣬᳤ϳӴԱ
õģӴСЩ٣ǵԼ
鷳ˡ
ΪǵҵءӴСֱңÿʱ䣬᳤ʱŮڿεʱΪѾͻƣ㽫Ͷ뵽Ůˡ
ӴСƿҵţʦѾǵڶˣһ˵ĵص
ʱһɫ̨ԱߣָһŮָŮһɫʦۣģŮ꺭
ע⵽֮תͷһЩסˡ

᳤΢΢һ
ǣϡܾͣûѽû뵽ţţʮ丮ʯʮĵӣǰ;ѽ
᳤ˡʦѾ֪ԼһҲȡ
ʱ꺭ҲͣͷɫӵѾǾˣƷϰ츳Ʒ츳ʣۺҪ׾ƺĽϵġڹȦȢ꺭ӵܣһҲȰ׾ƺĽ١
ǰһȣֱ޵ݡʮǧս˵ˣΪ꺭ҪͶϣ棬ֻעΪΪҪԪԱҪ㹻Ϊսɣ꺭ѹһϲͨ˵丮Щһͬߣ򲻹
һﵽôģԼͿʼӴȺҵר츳Ҳֻ൱ѣЩɿ죬Ѿˡ
ǶԱ꺭ȴȫˣ̥оͿʼҲô̬ɣԼڿָȴѾóˡ
°ɡ
һʣЩ˼ˣôҲʦעʦȻԴע֮ûżһΣΪ˲Ϻġ


117 ʦ
᳤£һһʲϣڶǣΪʦĿʦΪͻṩͬʱҲΪԼ׬һЩ֡
ʦֱʦʦעʦעʦֻҪҸУǰߣȴҪһЩʦ񣬱磬ΪʦͬнһЩ⣬ٱΪͻһЩķ֮࣬Щ񣬶лֳ͡
Ҫ۱Ϊ裬Ҫ֧ʮǿҪóרŵʱȻҪǮģָ߼ҪϰĻҪһЩزϣЩزϼǮһʱҲô
ǰΪʡǮûа֮ǰòϣֻԪģ⣬Ч̫ͣɺĲʱ䣬ʦʦ廨ŵ⣬ǶԼõĶˡҹؼǣ϶ɿͻṩʡʱʡǮȫġ
ÿܽӴͬϺͲͬ⣬ЩϻṩģƳɹлֽʲôʺȻȴ˶õģΪҪ֤˳ɵųɵĳɹʡ
ѾμЩ˴µ˼·ҲûʦˣûʵûеλʵڣһķͿǧƽͺñһֻ½𵰵ļһЩ̰ͼˣп˶ֱӰʦݡ
ڣѾ˳ֿȵʮӶҶο丮̫ӵ˫رĵλȻûбҪʦˡ
ʦ΢΢һʦһֻĴʦܵΣΪһŪ˿ͻĲϻ߱ʦҪ⳥ġ
ûһĵӣͲ⹤
ҪΪʦҪʦϸ񿼺ˣͨ˵ˣĽһʵûҲֻǸͬȣϴƵķΪ֣ɼͬΪʦ˵㡣
ҹؼϾ̫ˣʦҪԸʽ⣬Щ൱ļ֣Ҫḻľ飬ⶫûµĻǲеġ
ʧܣʦϺͱҲʦͷ۵⡣
һõʦ⣬̫򵥣Ϊ󣬿ʦҪ֤˳ϵĳɹʣӵ⣬Ҫ֤ôߵĳɹʣʦᣬҲֻʮʦʤְλᾡתϣ֪ѶˣϾĵλʦҲҪֺš
ЦЦ˵᳤صģɣʧΣôҾ˳ʧҲ⳥
΢΢üʧܴʧܳܣɹؼǣǸСӣһСķʧܣôͻͣ
ǵĵλҲֱӻؾ뻹ǵͷӦ˵Ǿΰɡ
ʱ꺭ͻȻڵʣкʵô
ţ֣
ʦһ㶼һ֣ΪֱܶʹãҪӹһЩϡֲҪȡ֭ҺٱһЩʯҪĥɷۣҺȡеЧɷ֣Ҫ֣ǰЩԼġ
Ҳһ򵥵ĹܶϽĺܣһСľͱˣһҪʦѧͽ
ֱԵû֡
꺭үүһۣҧҧ촽ǷҳΪأ
˹ŮΪͳһŮһԼΪ֣ʵЩӽɣᣬĵλôУ˳Ů֪٣꺭ô˵Ҳǹܴ
Щ˹ԲͬһɵĻַЩڲͬĻ·꺭Ҳ˲Ůˣʶһ˹ɣõĻˡ
ԥһ£һ֣ܽʡܶʱ䣬꺭϶ܰѲϴ׵ġ
뵽ͷǾˣ֪緹ûУԺˣôǿԿʼˡ
꺭΢΢һУҪʼˡ
ţҳԹˡ
õġ
꺭ỹнӴС㣬һͬǰĴʱǿʦʱ֣˲࣬Ȼмţ׼ȵݽһʱǵ⡣
ʦĹ涨ͻ²Ϻͱ˵ͿˣʵϴͻԸۿſʦǵ⣬ΪܲҲãҲãֵǣǷĲ¡
˵˲̵ʱˣһ˹俴ʦĻ᳤̴˾ѵ᳤ҪԳôҪ֪ѾٳˣöֵģҲǹӣΪﵽĶ֣ͬĲϣɳƷ֮ЧҪһʦó̫ˡ
ϳ֣ǿǴ
˶ĿƵĿᣬҪжС
ۼǼæӭһȥʮǰһ˵᳤û뵽ܰҿô˵һ͹ӵĺɫսס
ս׿ǼƷִ죬ȻЩͷˣױһЩǳϸСĻۣؿڵһС߳۵ĩ쵽ͼϣΪ⻮ۣͼˡ
ͼһķʹúµӡǣȻΪսױܵشķӡҲͱˣԭķӵЧȻۿۣȫЧˡ
ǲ𻵣౦Ϊջ۵ˣټ϶ֵĹܻ
Ȼϣʦܹ޸ķҪ޸һѾʹڱϵķǷǳѵ飬ηһΪĸķҪ޸ףҲãݹɡ
⹤ȴܺʣΪķѾˣʧܣҲŪø㡣
׸ᱻŪʧϰˣʧĲϣʦһģһģŪ˱Ǿû취ˡ
΢ЦĿһۣ϶޸Ϊѹ˹ɣ˹ɷչһַķǲĹɺͻƷ޴֡
ʦԺ϶Ƶ⣬ǽˣ֪ѶҲá
ǣԪ֪ʵôа취ô
ʱ̽뵽֮Уķڲṹ
̽һѳεķǳѣǲķĹĻ޴֡
΢΢üյóۣεķӦĳԪٶȵĹЧṹһϲͨϾ˹ϵϵкܴĲ졣


118 ޸
ˮƽҲܣûķҲܽ޺á
˼һº󣬻Ԫ᳤԰ɡ
ԴӴﵽأԪƿһʦͨѧԪ
ţᾪˣѵǰ˹ɷչǳĸӣĴʦҲδػĳɣʮ꣬ôֻͨƷ
ȷǾţܹ޺
˼ˣҵҪʲô޸¶һ˿ζЦݣֱ˵ã԰ɡ
˵ͷ̨ϡ
һֱɵˣæ᳤ǡ
޷ˣʶֻһʦѧͽѵѧͽ޸ףⲻǿЦô
û£ֻԣҰɡ
ǡ۵ĿһЩ׼ĲϣʦĹ涨ͻʦҪΪ꣬ͬʱҪ׼ô˴ηõĲϣû׼ĻʦṩȻҪͻõȼ۵
ȻߣһóôϣҲ۵ҪЩҪ߰ǧƽˣ߹ǼЩϾһʱ䣬ҪǼ洫˽Ʒʵ̫ҲѪ
ЦûϵЩϸʧҿԱ֤޺á
ǡðɡı֤ҲֻСëˣԸҪŪ̫⣬ᶼ޲ˡ
Сðģô˳ǵʦѧͽ꺭û˵еڶôӵܵĳʲô
ǲ⡣
Уƾ衶̫һ귨˿ϵĸ֪Ĺɣϸļÿһ·ṹʱΪĸ߶ۣǰδеרע
ڴĳнǵʱҲ飬ǴҰҪĽҲãϸ己ҪɿƵҲգУǱʶһģһǼҰ޵ĽһǼ»ͻ·Ĺɡ
ҪĶĽЩӵƽ⿪
꺭󣬾עĲĸоĿרעϬü¶ķâǰһʵ䲢ơ
꺭òϣƺԣһЩŮΪӶٽȥ
޸ô꺭ţѾ漣һʵѶ̫󣬽ڲܣ˹ɣʮϣͬʱеǷ켫ĳɾ͡
һһӵĹһӣһδһֱ˶ЩͷˣʱͻȻˣ᳤ʣ޸ķָܻٹЧ
΢΢һЦӣСӣѲұȣ
Ϸ޸ָܻ˳ɶЧһָķڷȻֱӷߵķȴʹߵԪٶȣԭЧӦֵ߷֣޸Чɵһ
޸ķЧǸϲʼƵģ֣Ҳһ
ŶˣҲ˵Ҳʲô취ֻҪԪٶﵽɣҾɹ˰ɡ
ǣСӹŵģ
µĿ˵ܽЧظɵģ˹ûмСӵ׼ʲô
һЦ˵һʦָ֣ܻɰ˷־㲻ˣ㵽ɰ˷֣Ϳϸ񡣡
˵ͷָϵĽָһĻȫ˶ɵˣֻĴֽгһ˼ϸĴǹǹ˰˳ߣǹͷ˴磬ǹͨɫǹаѪǹǹ
һ£꺭Ժˣ޸ķǹʲô
Сӣ㡭Ҫʲô߿ľüһγôһ˴ǹҿǹڵģȻǱԷޱȣһﲻǹװɡ
̧ͷһۣ˵»
١ˣ߼⼸Ķ䣬Ҫǹ˼ڳҪȥˣˣ
ķһʹõϣͺѱٵˣΪķĽṹӡڱڲΪһ֣ڱϵģλƣֻʦƷƱ־װЧͺñǻͼһֻʦƾϲûȥġ
ٵװͼҲƻѾڱ֮еķӵĽṹƻһϤػʦҩʦûգķѳõʱ䣬Щһܼյ
ȻܻȥķҲ΢˵ؼģӰ쵽ٴĵЧ
Զ£ϵķˣֻ޸޸ʵҪػѣܱȻȥҪõĶࡣ
Ȼ޸ȡķʽǻٵٻ
ﶮÿػҪٵķֻܳǹ
Сӣٺ֣Ҳ˺ôҲǸߣλй壬˳һλȻҪϹϾģǶһ֪ðëͷСӣȻ
ʱһһߣ˶ȴͬըһ㣬һƽ
ⱦ˽Ʒ٣ҲҪһ˽ô
˵ǸֻҼĴұļЩڱΪڣ˳һָǰȻΡ
ῴȴͣһʦȻ֪ܲٵķļɻ䡣
᳤ҸôȻһİգȻܱ֤Աˣ˲ܴ󣬶а취޲
˲ܴʹǹƾٵѾΪһķ˻᲻
üûпڣȥԭеҲ޸ˡ
ɣҵΪٵеҲһʱĹ᳤òУֹΣ
˵ͷ⵹ǿԣ˽Ʒ׼㲻עԪҲӲޱȣֻ·ҲһʱĹ
ҲֻˣѾһֲԾ̰׶ˡ
׹̶̨ϣ˺һԶֳֹǹĶ˸ǹڳ˶עĶ֪Ҫʲô


119 滨
׹̶̨ϣ˺һԶֳֹǹĶ˸ǹڳ˶עĶ֪Ҫʲô
Ҫ˵ٵеķҲÿ̵һãΪϸôһ˴ǹôõ˳ˡ
ʱǹˣһ׼ķ͵һǹ̳ǹƿյĺХˣһǹ̺һһǰƣ·ڣһɱ֮֮
һǹǸְҲɴ̴
Ƥһʶľֹʱ˲ǹҲ˲ǹǡõ֮ϣȻȴûдֺ
˵Ļ֮˺ɴ۾ǹ⣬д󾪣̬
һǹ̳֮ƣȻȴ˲Ҳһǹͣλ÷ֺҪ֪ڵǹ°˰ٽ˭
ʵģ֮
Ȼǹˣʲôһǹ̳ǹϾȻֹͣһǹûƻе·ʲôܲҫǹɣ
һǹ˵ˣҲûףֻͬǾ̾ǹΪ֪ݣҲû̫⡣
ʱٴ̵ڶǹղһһǹ̳磬ڸոսӴ׵˲䣬Ȼ
ƵƵǹǹԽԽ죬ԽԽǿģƾһ磬ǹһ£ǡǹеһǹС滨
ԽԽľ꿴ȥҲʮ꣬ʵģǹģò丮ͷʢɡ
Ӧòᡣ
ô̬ʵҪͨĻòñ˻ˣħתҲ˰ɡ
һﵽڸʲô
Ѿǹ˼ʮʱ䣬ǹٴΣ˸ٵĳǹ˰ٶĹǹԼĸ൱Ǹʵǿı̬Ԫ峹׵ߣͼˡ
ģᷢǹ̺̽ףȴȻķ֣ÿһǹдһԪ
ԾǣǱеԪȴǾȻķһ߽Щṹ
ô쵽ģ
ᵹһѾ𾪵˵ˣ
ڹУԪ˿һϸѾ˼飬һֲ˼߽ЩṹòܣϸԪôô
õĵȻǡе˿ַĸͣĿơ
˿ǿķνָҲԪ˿СɺԪ˿ʹָ
Ԫ˿û̫ãΪϸСԪ˿û̫ɱҪôȴһ;Ǿǡ𶯡
ֵ߽ᷢṹԪ
ӷԴݵκڲԪϸ˿ÿһϸ˿ڲÿһϸСṹϸСǻɷǳֲƻ
һǹ䳡ʯϣʯ˲Сʯ飬⻹˿ףֳԪ˿̫٣Ƶ̫͡
˿ﵽԲԪ˿ڣ뵽ʵ֮У𶯵ƵҲŸߵһֲĵزôһǹʯʯͻɳһɢƮɣ
Ȼľ磬̫ңԶĵľ磬־Ϳ֮еķ·˱㡣
ǹôΣȴҪ˵
꺭ϵ֮ɫסԪʵүүʲô
̾һһ׵ķ֪ʲôˡ
꺭ɻ֪̽ȥ뵽ڲȻ꺭ȽϡĸоڲŵһС
ȵסС죬үүǡôģ
ҡҡͷЦҲǵһμַֻܲ²ﵽЧͨһԪݷֲݷԪϸ˿ÿһϸ˿ȥɢķṹԪĲٿҪ󼫸ߣ޷ôġ
꺭ѯˣֻŬȥűе仯ʱЩԪϸ˿·ԵƻЩ˿һ뱦֮еķֻо·һֺ֮صŰԼǰȻôŬȥȴǿ塣
־ؼطֿɼȴƫƫĸо꺭˷ܡȴֽ͡
ԼСʱ䣬һ߰ǹˣСԪԪҲǶͷ΢΢
ʱ֣һǹֽ֮ʧ
ױ˱һЩϸİ׵֮⣬ˡ
ˣȻ˿ޱȣķѾΪһ壬ǲɱ׵ĳЩڲṹҲʦƱʱ֮еԪ
ˣ˼׵ķȻйעԪʱȴܵһЩ谭
ˣȴҲ㹻ᾪˣ뵽ͨػʦ֣ҲЧ
˾ɵķûµġתԪԴϢԪָ״̬
ԪԪĹЧʮǿ󣬲һ㹦Ѿȫָ˹óһֽдҪõĲ嵥ЩϵĽӴ˹ϵԲѾǳϤˣڳĲƶԲϵ
ʦĽӴС㣬˵鷳ȥ嵥ϵ׼һݰɡ
ŶõġӴСŷӦӹ嵥
ʱ꺭æҸһȥ
ֵ֣Ļ֮һ
ʦ˹ϴḻĵطгĲмƫţȻǺ׵ıˡ
׼Ƶķǡ˪ػļ򻯰档
ķרڷߣߵԪٶȣǿԭġ˪ػһΪ֮֮ڹ߹ʱ򣬿Է״ıԪӰԷжٶȡ
ԭġ˪ػҪĲʮϡУмʦҲһҵõټǵһλơ˪ػҪƸӵԭкܴʧܷա
ǾƼ򻯰档
ˮƽƼ򻯰ġ˪ػȽɡ
Ǯʯĥɷۣ뱭ѪҺȣڹǲȡ֭ҺĺȪˮԪ꺭ٵ˵һĲϴʽкܶϵĴ൱ӡ


120 ˪ػ
Ԫ꺭ٵ˵һĲϴʽкܶϵĴ൱ӡ
Ȼ꺭Ͼӣʮֺã˵һ󴮣ֻ˵һ䡰ˡ㿪ʼЩӵĲϡ
꺭ϵļʮִ죬ֲϾͷ·ħʦϵ̻һϱ仯ɫ˷Ĳ裬꺭ɵʮָ£ˮС
Ҳã۴ϣ꺭ıԼãϾʦѧͽʼӴǴӴϿʼģȴֱһ
꺭ЭķƵĸӵӦ֡
ת̫һһУһɢŨغɫҺģָ趯ҺζʱһѤĺ⡣
һ·ãһ֣ڶҺģĺٴ𣬶ʱ˺Ĥϻŵһ·µĹâӰ
һһĳڰУϵĵۻʧܵĴ١
Ѿвϵ꺭һԵɴһ˫Ư۾һգգĿÿһΨ©κһϸڡ
ȻʵϣƾԹ۾ѧһķǲܵģ漰ӵƣһ·΢ƫһ㶼ǧЧЩ۾ġ
꺭ȻҲЩͨԹۣܶٻһЩүүı죬ѧĶѧˣѧǾΪѧҲû취еȴ˹ȫͬȻɲְֵָĽֻһԹۣȴҲѵõĻˡ
ʱһһţ꺭ԽԽľַ·Ҫ˼ƺһֱƵĶ֮ͣС
ЩƼ򵥣п֣пŵ꺭ĸоһʻУ̺߰˴ǿȵı仯˿ٵı仯ǾõϰЩ仯ӡڼ޷
һӵʱȥŵѾмʮˣɼʮӶɵķǽΪӵķˣһֻи߼ʦʦſԻƣΪͼʦԪ֧֡
꺭Ҳû̫ྪˣʵѾƽ˶͹ǴɵߣԪΪ档
ֹȥһӣǰŵѾ۵ʮʱ˫һգеķâ̮һʱ䣬Ĵ֮з·ǹ⣬еΪһ塣
ּһʣķһεͼƮ֮ϡ
šꡱ׵ؿڴ˻͵ģʱ˾һĻˣֻ΢ĶԻΪģһɫĹȦһɢԭӽɫս׾ȻȦ֮𽥵ı˱ɫ
ţһӵɴ۾Ȼܸı䱦ɫ
伮֪伮мĳЩķΪŨƿڱϵʱܹı䱦ɫ
ԵķܹñֳɫԵķܹñֱɫԵķñ
Ȼֻǵ伮أΪ˹ɵޣȻЩķҲ̺֮ˮӷỹδ˵˭Ƴķܹı䱦ɫ죬һμʶ
߿ԼױɫûŪô£ʱѾЩǰһùףԪעУķЧ
һ飬һԪЧ
ɵһ㱦ϲʲôⱦѾ΢ˣǱõĻӵ֣ԼԻƣñϵķõҲĳֶѡ
־ĳֻ֣֡ʮ꣬ϣԼȻֻôˣ
ĴܸС
ҲˣƵķԪͨķʱԷתһ֮ıĤ׵ķȻӵĲ࣬ҲǼΪѵãһķЧ˹УЧķʮ֣Ҹֵǧƽϣ
ͬʱһ⣬Ծ˵ţ˶Ĺ⻷һϣ춼Ҫˣ
Ὣ׶ߣ˵ɡ
߽Ԫע֮УƬ֮ϸֳһ־ϲ֮ɫΪ׵ˣԭȻ֪һ
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⣡⣡߲ĵͷٿѾһֹ֮ɫվʦ˽Ĳֻ֪࣬ǳ˲𣬵ǵױ̬ʲô̶ȣȴûһĸ
᳤ͽôȻʦͽ˲ã˲ã
ҵͽܣԳһЦҿɽ̲ôͽ
᳤̫ǫˣСֵȷʵƽ˵ģŵʦˡ˱˵еĻʶһϾʶһôǱĴʦպĺôԶȻʱ᲻䲻ȵ˵һ䣬㻹û£û¿ˡ
һ仰ںֻڨڨЦЦҲˣյŵлЦ뿪
ʱȴ̫ãȫѪͶ꺭ϣŽ꺭˹ʦȻⲻ֪ɱһȴּĴܸУ˵꺭ˣˣ²꣬ҲҪ̬СӸˡ
Լо˴ѵôΣвɱĲͷ
뷨Ϣ׼ڶ⣬ڶͻһȥʮҹӣ֮ǰѾĿùкææ߹˵Լ󣬰ڳһѲϡ
Щϣһһϡϣʦǵˣô֣ͻͽò˶ãܻˡ

һʱ䣬һֱڽ⣬Ϊ˱أʦҪһңý֮űᱻϣֻʣ꺭ˣ꺭Ʋϣʼķ
ķԪһĵͼмʦһķѾĵĲˣ߼ʦʦҲţš
һʱ䣬ѾλƣڣȴҪʼΣ
꺭ľֻǸϴҲѾЩԪ֧ˣȴ·һ֪ƣĻһ㡣
ʵϣÿһλƽĵҲʱת̫һĵáԪԪ


121 ʧѪ
ƾžԪӣѾ֧һʱ䣬ڼ䣬ҲȽӽޣһ;ǲԼƵޣѽ
ԪĸɾʱϧóһԪʯ⣬ڿ״̬£ԪԷģԶƽʱٶȣͽ·ת״̬ɿ졣
ģ̫ӵĹâ꺭˵ƣһֱڴϢ꺭ֹۿѾƽһʱ֣꺭̲סǸǸóԷˡ
Ŷȥ԰ɣҴһЩˣҸոյϢĲˣȻһš

꺭ˣٻǵ˰
һķÿһŶҪʮںһĸķĴʦҲ֧Ų
꺭ͲԼˣǰȻĹΪүүһε
εҡҡͷ꺭ֻȥԷԷ󣬹ȻѾʼ˵ķĻƣҿѾһСˡ
꺭˷һߣĿÿһļţżʶĶһһ¡ȻҲЩ֪еҲͽ޹
ʱһһţ꺭ЩһѤõķ·һָޱԪƣŲϸܺȻȴޱרע
ģ꺭ЩˣĿⲻ֪ĴָƵӣһ̣оԼǰкרעȾˡ
֪˾ͣšһ죬ǰʮΪһ壬âҫ֮У꺭һӻعЩŵջĿ⣬΢΢졣
ţһȫ̱ϣڣָͷûˡ
ǸҪˡ
Ŷùˣڴڵĳţ꺭Щִٵһԣ۾Ȼעŷеɳ©Щɳһһ¡
·ơҡƵʱ򣬼һνṹҲһ㡣ԷԵһͻȻ˵ôһûͷûԵĻ
꺭΢΢һϲڽһֶ˹֮ϵ侫̶ȣҪԶ˹ɡ
ʱѾָһЩԪڿлƳһҡƣķٶȣ꺭ܹʱ俴е仯ڻǸνṹʱٶȽ͡Ȼ֪꺭ҪԼΪʲô˼Լһ磬˲æĵҲѧĶȴޡ
һŮʦ᳤飬֮ŮԼһ֣ǲһЩԼùⲻȥ
ǾԷһ꺭ü·ȻѧЩ·ʵûһңԶľ룬ţ꺭ʣպĲϾȻлúܴ
лл㣬꺭Եĵл
ллǡ
ǡ컹ô
죿ţӦɣʱҪ丮Ϊĵӿˣ丮ŵʮߴɱʹʱ䣬ߴɱʹʱ伫䱦󣬿ɲΪ˷ˡ
һô꺭ڴʵ
ЦȻԡ

ص丮ʼá
һʱ䣬ʱһķķõĲϸֵƣڻƹҲйʧ󣬵һЩϵ˷ѣȴûгֹķʧأը̵
ֻҪ̣һ̶ϵʧ󶼿ܡ
ʦĹأͻ֧ĲϣֵܼҪǷõĲϼֵʱҪ֧һĳ
ʣµĲϣɿʦʦķˣʦʦġ
˼Լõϵģģȫʦһ˻֡
׬ֵٶȥٹʮʱ䣬Ҳ׬㹻Ļ֣һЩʦõĲϣĲϣҪһʱ򣬲пŪҪõĲϣʵ̫Ѽˡ
׬ֵḶ́ҲḶ́ôϲͣЪĻķҵķɿ죬ҲڻԪҲߣѾĽӽ˵ڶСɵľˣһٶõİ취ǰû뵽
ԪʯĵЩˣһĵţֱǮ
˹Ԫʯ䴿̶ȣһŵļ۸ٵһǧƽ֮䣬丮ѷģǼֵٻƽģһԪʯ
̫ӸһٶԪʯȴɫ󴿾ƷԪʯһżֵΪһǧƽ
˹Ԫʯϡȱ򵽡
Ԫʯ뻻ƽҲ֣ϾǴ󸻴ӵܣҲԳ˰ļ۸õԪʯ͵һˡ
㣬ͷ϶ٶԪʯ쵱Ƕһʹõģ˳Ƕû
Ԫʯ¾ͻ꣬ҿ̫Ӱ򣬴ҳǮǡΪʦ֮ҵһ׬Ǯ·
Լһ׬ʮʮƽ𲻳⣬Ȼǰ㹻ǮѰ
һĿʦһָһξͲˣΪһˣȻҲ֧֣ȴ״̬Իķ
Щʦһ¸ɸʮ죬Ūƽ㲻ˣ⻹Ҫ֤ʧܲС
㣬һָ߰˴Σһ¹ʮģʵǹ̥
ϴ˸裬ԡͰб˿⣬Ԫ·תһʱ
ΪԪĳתԡͰеˮŨصİԡˮ뵣³һܽһС
һֱҹʱ֣Ŵӿ״̬ϸСԪһͬĵ𶯵Ԫ糱ˮһȥӵʱһɨ⡣
ȻΪõӶʪҲȫʪˡ
ԡͰվĿ̫ԼһϽףһ͵شסˣǡ
һץϽףչһд󾪣Ǻ۷ѪѪôûˣ
ȥʦᣬΪ˱Ͻףʱ򻹺úõģϴͷ֣ЩѪˣ
׼ȷ˵Ǵ󲿷Ѫˣֻʣһ߽߱ǽǵѪţѾȫģˡ
ģĸоͬī֭ˮһ
Լϴˮ⾫ѪѪ˰ɣ۷Ҳ̫ѷˡ
ߣ̫ӱƭˣױƷ
ԣ̫ͳ׵ʱԼ̽ȷʵ̺ǿѪĸ־ѪǱԾַдϣľ֣Ѿ˱һˡ
ͺñ뱦֮еķһһЩķҩʦػ˿ַ޷ƻ롣
ôô£


122 ħ
ˣĪǽطԼѪˣѪˣ
ҲܣҪȱ£Լò֪ĨѪ˰ɣˣɱԼֵ׺ʮӸ벻
ʵ벻׷ʲô飬ֻð׸һԣԼϴϢ
һҲΪĹȣ˯ʮ
ԺһƬڵĿռ֮Уޱȣ·ڰǿһ㣬ĴƮ͸Ļһ壬Щ֮У龵һĹ㣬СһһصĹ켣˶ţеĹм䣬һһߴСĹ򣬹򷢳ɫʹΣһͶůĸо
ǡħռ䣡
ȻһԼôħУ
Դӵһνħռħ֮УѾ޷ٻΪʲôͻȻ룿
ȻУԴʶħռ֮ʶ˲ѣֻ޷ħռ˳
ȻҲû׼˳Ŀ⼯ЩһҫƬϣɫһЩ˷ܣģء
һöƬ˶ĻҪöƬȻ⣬Ҳֹںڣ޷̤졣
ʣЩƬ̺޾ıأȻȴҲ̺˲ɱһСģʶͿܱƬɵٲ
ǲÿһƬꣿ᲻ĳЩƬлδĥľӡ
˵ɣһǼ䣬һǾӡӡĨȥֻʣ¼ֻ꣬бܣûʶ
ǾӡûбĨȥôƬͻʶƬ˵ûնԸƬеľӡܽѹסҲܻᵼԼ˸ѣʧҡ
ڰǺվ˺ܾãûż֣ЩƴСâҫƬǾԲȥģƬǸΨֱܻ֮ɣǵξ֮пǸŮ
ţǡ
עǹʱͻȻһ˿ͬѰĵطǹƺһĨĺΣ·Ѫˮ˵ɫ
Ѫ
ͻͷһݣϽѪҲѪϸԼģħͳ˯ԼڵλãЩѪҲǸλõģ
Īǡ
ϵѪǱħյˣ
ħϺ۷ֵľѪ
ͻͷͷһ
ҲΪѪԼٴνħС
ħȻվѪ
ϲǲΰ룬ϲǣ֪̽ħһЩܣǵǣаĸоħȻʲô
ô˵ٴνħһ
ȻͬʱҲζΣա
ħռƬվ˺ܾãԼѡһ
ôƬһȫǵõĶԼûãǾͰ׷ˡ
һһƬƾôҲ֪ʲôЩƬͬǧԭʯһ㣬Щʯͷԭ䣬ЩʯͷʲôҲûУЩȴܻгħ
Ƭ̫ˣǳƵģǲҪΪá
̫С󣬸ҵһѡȡƬСʵˣôҲѡһһЩİɡǴһЩǶأ
ôǺɫģĸо·ȾѪƵģɷʮ㣬Ƭˣǰɱħͷִǿ󣬻Ǳˡ
ţгɫģɫôԭ
ҪѡһҲԥ
ҪһɡĿһ̶СƬϣƬĹâҲС
СĿƬıͬκһöƬӴۿҪöƬʱͻȻһԼȥ̽öƬᷢʲôأ
ţת̫һȥ֪öƬ
ߵ뾫ӡ⵽ɣһˣǾͺҽˣ˹ûм޸鵤ҩ
뷨ǣ̽ƬܲܵõһмֵϢǷпܳĶһеļ䣬ȿԼûãپ
ȻոƬӴƬȻͻȻһ⣬һɹ
ûκεķӦʱ䣬ƬѾݡһûʶ׼ľӡҵĹ

ʼδֻо·һ׶ݺݵĴԼĴ֮У־ҵʹǰһڣʡ
ΪǰѾǿô࣬Ȼ޷֮УһСʶȴôǿ
ǿԪûʲôϵֻ걾ͨⳤʱĻʹá̫һȻѡƬ֮ǰҲ󣬹âһЩ
ȴʮֵķ
ľ֮ٴλսʹĳӣꡣ
ַӵľӿԺסͷ­סʹת̫һرġ
һεľ飬򶨵Ķ࣬ʹҪԵĸоȻһԹȥʧȥʶͱˣֻҪһΣľӮˡ
ȻöƬ̺ȴҪϴһö
ҧأסԺе
һΣҲ̫һƾһ֮ıͦסˣڶΣǿ࣬ϸƵ֮ģô䣡

ľ֮·һŷ籩Ƭӡǵвϵıģâ
ʹ糱ˮһӿҧ֣֪˶ãʹвʱѾˮʪ͸嶼Щˡ
ֹãƬ𲽻һȫʶ

۾ȻԼѾ˳ħռ䣬ǰľݶǹӼ򵥵ľ컨壬һϤľ㣬İ
ԺеĶٴθоͷʹѣָоͷ·Ǿ˼켸ҹ߳˯ߣӶͷԻججʹ
󷨡ơͼ׭һʦ
ЩпЦã⣬Ȼȡһʦļ䡣
ʦǿ뻳ɣɱ󣬽ľˮߴ̨Ϳʦǿ
߸ʦһרо󷨵ġ
Ĵ󣬲һ˹ǧƽˣ
Ȼܲó
丮Щ󣬶ǼֲóģҪԪֲ
׿Ĵһ󷨣𵽵ǳޡ
ȻԸоɥģƬеļʮַḻɲһ㣬ⶫ˵Ҳֻʱûãûá


123 似
ʵĳ˵ʦҲһʦķʻ󷨣ֻķĹģСҪԪߣִ󷨣ҲҪֲѧϰ
ԵĿ˿Щ󷨣òֶûϣóˡ
Ҫѧ󷨣֪Ҫ°ҡҡͷЩȫħռеƬǧÿѡҪѡõĸܣֻܿ
ʱصݣͷʹĶƬеļ䡣
̫Ҫгǿʵһȱˣûá
»ǳ似ΪԶûá
𡷣Ƕ似ѧˡ
һ·ƬеļݷǳḻȻԼõĶȴ֮٣似ҪܼΪʩչѧϰ
ЩǡţŮˡ顢ɡıܵƽЩûá֮ǰ󷨡ļֻǷЩƽļ䣬ֱӽȫˡ
šǡһ̼ԭͷʹҲ˶Լˣа֮
似ǹ˼ά뵽һμ֮Уϲǣа֮ļ仹Ҫǣа֮ΪûӲҪ󣬼Ҳ
ܴ½ĴؼԷΪ֡
һǹ߻ԪΪǸؼһ֣һɣûкõ似ǲûкõĹ
ڶ֣Ȼ似ˣ似ԪԹˡ
֣ͬԪ÷Чٶȡ
а֮ȴ֮С
ʹа֮طڶʱڴӣԪҲӦа֮ȲǹҲ似ȴ似øǿø졣
ܵļУа֮һֺĸطǴͨĸطУΪһˣ
ϲȻûʲôôһãǾֵˣ
ȥа֮ΪأһؿɵԪڶؿʮɣʮɣԴƣĵأԪ
а֮֮ͬ׶սһʱڱȶԷԪһ൱ֲˣԽս
ȻԪӦԪģ˵ȴǴ⣬áԪʵĻõĳ档
а֮Ȼ似ʵսȴҪ似ǿöֻ࣬ɵһأɵԪʩչҵĻǹƵĵӣףʤ
̬ǣа֮似ͻٿа֮״̬ʹ似ô似Ҳõˣ
а֮ѡƬֵˡѹе˷ܣȥʣļ䲿Ѿ࣬Ȼ̺Ĺ似ܶ࣬õıҪҪʺУûб̫ϣ
ȻĶеļʱ۾һ
顣
ϹʱһλܣżȻսǽ紹֮ƣڱȺǡ
λϹŴĿ˽սọ̈̄գʧ
ЩϹŴܱչزʮʱ䣬˽
׶οʼһ߲㣬Բ֮˲ϢǧͥŲ
׶οʼĸڵĽ׶ΣǡÿԿʼˡ
Ȼϧǣվȱһ֣һʮأȥܼеֻаء
زΪʧģλܱûеõĽ֪طͲа֮ǽˡ
ԴˣȴеźȻ˵ȴû̫Ӱ죬ΪҲԶȱʧأȵǸ磬ȥѰҲ١
õ֮ٿȥʣļѾǳ٣ΪʲôмֵˣǣһСС似ȴ
似Ϊ֡ΪѶҲ򵥣ѧӦҲô
ֻ֡ڶԷԪĽʵѾԼʱʩչΪ֡һɰԼԪһķԷ壬ãԷʣԪԼԪҪ࣬ôԪͻᱻԷĵ
ƾһ⡶̫֡ˣֻܶԸʵԼĶĶ֣Ѿ̫ʧȥֿ֮ĵˡ
˵λܲȥļ似⡶֡ȴһá
ǾͨԪöԷϾѨɺԣƻǲ޸ģλܼеĳЩĵرЩĵرֻС
ߴӶ͹֮󣬾ͿʼͨȫͨѨͨԪھгͨ裬ڡ
ȻǰѾϾˣⱲӾͱ̤ڣΪҲ𽥵ˣһ첻һ죬ֱȫɥʧ
˵Ҳ뾭Ѩйأǿ׳ϢϢصԼЩϵӿȪѨԪѨȵȡ
ǾЩѨܵӰ죬ܿ˶ٲ
ϵߣȫѾͨˣ˾һ⣬ǵΪֱӵ£Ҳһ³
⡶֡ν֮
ʣһר˵似ΪԸһʧȥֿ֮ĵˣɱ˱ǣϡ֡ȴöԷ书ϣٺһ㣬öԷ˵Ĺܶʧȥˣֱ
⡶֡ģȻʵȴޱȣ˾ܾ˺һʧȥΪܣɱܣʱѧһҲԸһЩԸĵˣ˶ԷΪͰȫˣڣҵʱ̫ҷһŰɡ
òļȫ棬ƽüȫɸѡģֻа֮黹о֡
رǰһؼһޱȡھȻ󣬵ȴҲá
ھŹսֻĸˣֻҪӡϣ˿ļ£ÿһֱΪȡսǰͻ׽ھͿˡ
ڣֶ˽а֮ҪһؼһȻǿ󣬵ɣҵΪ˷ʱ䡣
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ĹǹȻ֣Ͼǰ뱦ʹʱйעԪвĸо


124 綴
ڴɽǣһȻɽȣɽȳڴڽǧɣ죬խɽȳ©״һֱᴩɽڲֻһҵĿȡ
Ӵɽ洵ʱΪɽסͻγɾ޴ķѹͻ©ɽӿ룬ԽɽԽխѹԽǿԽ죡
丮ոսʱ⴦ɽȾͱΪȣ涷ʯͷܱع˺ͼվȡ
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ڿ綴һĵӿ޷飬Ϊٿ죬ҲܶĹ磬ƾˣڿ綴УҪǣţ裬˳ٶȷɿ졣
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֮⾳õĵطǺʾǿ綴ˡ
ʲôʦҪ߼Ѷȣ綴ִʦֵɴ۾ΪԼˡ
綴бָΪʮ֣ÿһֵѶȶԵڣ߼Ѷʯһٶĵ֮еȵʹõѶȣ֮ҪŵϲˣôҲÿʮѶȲǰ
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죬Ѿ֪꺭ȥʦᣬһԤԼ˰˸ʱʱ䣬ȫ֮
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һȻû뵽·óӣûдõ·Цҡҡͷ׼ִʦ֣ΪԼȡһЩ·
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⡭⡭


125 Űʽ
ִʦָоȫͿˣѵ綴йޣ
ܰ綴ãôйޣԼŪѶȣתһ󷨲̣ȷʵ߼Ѷɡ
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˸ʱײǽѾΣҪмƷҩôεײض°ˡ
ʱѾûһõĵطһ·ӷ綴гʱִʦȫԺˡ
ִߣһ֮ĵӣûϳţĸͽ׵ô⣬ͿһѶȲˣòôŰɣ
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һͰҩֵ߰ƽҪǰЩµҩĹø߰ˣڣһͰҩõٶȸпûǮĻҪϰ䣬Ҳûá
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ʦѾˣλõˣڿԿʼˡ۵ʱ򣬽ӴС߹˵

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ŹˣڵĺܣָŮӰġʳ裬Ҫǽεεˣˣܶ඼Ǹԣ˼ҵС檣ʮңȥĿˡ
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Ź֮ģǰģһʼͱǿȴñͻСӣ׷ϳС꣡
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ŹһԤУһԼгһձܣôԶᱻ޷
İģᣬⲻΪ޷ٳԽ
ŹԲ뿴鷢


127 ֶ
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丮ûᱣ£ŮѾ˳丮ˣ֪±Լõˣ᲻һŭΪգԼ
ţǾ̫ˣŹаٷ֮ٵİʤ
ȵĸ֮ҲоųɵİӮΪϻ񹦡ոյһشɣʵһأЩ֪
Ź룬ս֮գΪŭȻкƴ
Ź˼Ϳ˳óһЩϻ񹦡ʽܲˣӰպΪ
һ㣬Ҳ²
ò˶ʱ䣬ôô
ͨȵĺĵӿô
⿼˵޿ֻһʱ䣬ûˣֻҪͨˣŹûʲôµģĳɾȲԼĲ࣬Źѹһӣ


128 Ԩ
Ů˱˶֮ɲ˫ޣĿ̨սϱŮ˵дܣұˣʱ䣬˶丮ĺĵӿˣ
ôһôô
ġ˳ȥô֮Ļܱô
ŹʣԼᱻ裡
˳Ϊ衣
ԹһܴӴһ겻űȱȽǣЩһص㣬Ǿ֮ǰһ·˳˳ˮһҰܡ
ڿǰ;Щ㣬û⣬ʲôǣ͵ϲŮ˵֮⣬ˣǰ;
뵽³ŹЦٿڵС̣һ˿̧С
λ͹٣ҪЩʲô¿ЦкȻŹͬ丮Źǰ֣²ʶŹ
ӭĿȴסˣǰҡȵĽӾǵ֮ˣ˵ϵĽ³Уһö壬ͼֵǧƽ𣬼Ʒ֬壬ҴѪ˿ϺõѪȴǵã׶û壬һ嶼ڱһֲ̫꣬ˡ
Ϊ¿͸ŵӵȴڵΪӶڣ˭
ҹؼǣִ˼ҵĹӣôԼС򲼣ĲȻҲ£ô۾ִ˼ҸõĲ¶ǲ˿ѩаɡ
˵ˣ򲼵һŮӣˣʲô
һ˲뵽ණаԽ䱸
Ź£΢΢һЦĵһˮ˶崿ˣ㴩Ŵֲ·ȴβסʣֲ׶ŮˣңŮȻǴ֮͸ˣһŪظϣ˺ϻɢһҪúһ
˹ϰף֮ǰŮ˫ǲͬģȻѾ߲ڴУΪ檸Ҫл
С㣿Źżɽ
һݣȻǳԼģȻţȻͲԼݡ
ͷǣλʲô𣿡
ǺǣǰСһģ˵ʵҵһμС㣬ΪСˣСòʣʮֵˣ
²Ծĺ˰벽Źľ룬ʱеĽĸء
Ź񿴵ºˣԼҲæһʾ񾴣˵Ǹǲ̫ͻСˣûб˼ʵ˵ҺĽС㣬ʱСѾ飬ֻղŵ֪СѾ˻ˣԲðݷãϣС㲻Ҫ֡
¿Ź񾴣İƽĻصҲ˻飬Ǳݡ
ǺǣСˣȴ֪ѾţôС㣬֪СΪҪƫƧĵطһССĲ꣬С㲻Ļܷȥ¸һЩҪ͸С㡣
תǰ꣬壬ЦºͣȥǫǫӣʲôУȻȴͻȻ쵽һ˿Ծĵط
ºԼݵУŮѣƾһ㣬ļҵĹӿԼҲͷԷԼ⡣
ȻѾûйϵˣЩȴô룬£ǲңǿǴùͷ
ǰȴĿŵҪôͷԷˣҪôȫг
뵽˲ԤУǲٳԼвɡ
ȻΪԿ϶ԼĶ֣ټͣܵĻᶼûУ
Ź񿴳µĽ䱸Ц˵СѾ˳丮ʵ̫ϧˣСʣϺõҩĸδزͻڣһͻڣഺӳʮ֮ãСѵô
˵һ̵һӣ֮ƿҩŹóһƿ򿪣ɢһŨҩ㣬ȻǼƷҩ
Ź΢ЦŽҩݸ£ƷԪһ΢СС㻹벻ҪЩֻһպһҪһУҵݣҲû㣬ΣŹ˽µĹȥҪõʲôݣټ壬ͲԼ³֣ͳ˶ĵҩͻڣ»᲻ġ
Ȼû뵽ǣ¸ûнƿӣֱӾܾӵĺСŮˣѾˣֻƽ˵ӣллӵ⣬ذɡ
ŹϵЦݽ֮ϵɢҲ֮ǰһķס˵̵ĺš
¶ʱĻˣһҲ˼֣ǡʲô
Ź̾źСƺȥҸûʲôȤ룬ֻҪ㵽˸ϣһıԣ㡮ԡȤȻġ
Źҧˡԡ֣һʱ䣬ˡȻǿԼˣȻȫвҪ°Լϣ
ıô
ºԼѾްϵǿԼĻԲŹˡ
µıѾ߳亹۾ۼƳһ̯λüƥļ
ǺǣŮôƯɲҪ벻ŶŹϵЦŨ
ŹǰһһԪ֣ʱһˬʵЦͻȻſڴⲻŹô˳ǻСȻﶼϣ
Źüͷһ壬תͷȥȴһŨü溬Ц˽ÿһɢǿҵƣѹ
Ԩ
Źһϳˣ̫Ψһһڸ֣ѾڣԼ˵Ķ֣
̫ӣȻԨ£
ԣӦﲼߣԼֺô֪ͨԨڸֵٶȣôϹ⣡

һᣡŹȭ˵
һᣬһᡣԨҲǱȭ񣬶µʵŹҲ򲼵ģ
ǣǰ붬ˣҪһ¡
Ҳ˴㣬Ķ죬ر磬ŹӾȻѡƥ±عװŹһһ£Σ
ٺ١ŹȻһЦЦ̺żɱ˵ͷˣԼıУ궬磬𶳻źã
Ź˵ţһеȣ뿪˵̡
ŹǰвζĻԨֻЦЦΪ⣬ڸ֣Ͳ̻ᣬο̫£ŹܰΡ


129 ˽Ʒ
ֱŹȫ뿪²³һָ⻹Ĳţղ˵ŹӣĪŹ
ȻѾһӲټ˼ȴĹעϢĸ֮ҪսŹѵΪŹҪԼ֣
ֻһսˣ
벻ס
벻ףҲû뵽ŹѾƫִ˳̶ȣ˺޲һк¶ԼģĵλҫŮȫۣ˭вȾָЩ˭жд̣
һˣʮӣΪжҲҶҪЦʾãŹͬ˭вͻı
С㣬ûˡԨЦЦȻ˽ĹԨûпŮϣְ£ôӦֵøжһʱԸɷһӵƯŮһ֣ǷɻڴʱԸԭһƽӵĳɹˡ
ְ£ңȴҲʲô
лллǰǰմҧ촽˵һ
ʣǿŨüӾΪ˱ԼģᱣԼһƽŮӵĸ֣Ȼĳֹϵ
С㲻ؿΣԨͿˡ
ǰСŮû
ǺǣлңҲǷ°ˡ
ԥһ£վ̲סʵǰִǡ
Ԩô˵̲סЦִˣС㣬ôУûӦ˵ô
Щεĵ˵ͷֻһƽ񣬶ǰԨڸ֣Ƿ壬ýһˡ
丮׼ĵӵĵλȴԨҪߣѾûʲôϵԨǰƺҲҪԴ֣ʾ񾴣ֳҲֻһЩޱ׽ˣãŮѣſԳƺҸ硱ֱ
̫ӵģ֮ǰҲչңСУƽӣǲˣΣһ̫Ӹ̫Ȼᱣƽ˾Ͳᷢˡ
ҧҧ촽ֻõͷ£ûѡˡ
ǣ̫Ӹϻ̳Ͽֵǣ̫־ԼòԵѯһЩ±ŵ̫ӸһµķУרһѾ߸տµʳӡ
Ÿеطḻ黭īϰ滭鷨ϰ֮á
⴦Ÿʱ鼫临ӣû뵽⼸»ᷢô飬ס̫Ӹ

ʦοʦǸݿ˵ҪķÿҪ󶼲ͬЩֻҪķЩҪ޸Ʊ
ÿ죬ԽӴϡŹֵĲϣԸʽҪĻƹУԸֲϵ˽ƣеҲϵڻͨ
ͬʱҲ̫һøӴ죬ԪҲû£ԼƵ״̬⣬ƾԪʯָԪʹġԪȲǰȥﵽڶСҲֻʱˡ
죬룬˳ԽԽ֪ʦһʦᣬˮƽѾ˹ʦˮ׼ˡ
ƵķϵĻ־ҲһֿȵƷƣһӡĻ־ļֵһء
˵һѳҵıͬƤ֮ڹŮһ˰֡
ۣƽ㣬˽Ʒıѽ丮ĽϿ׾Ƶı۾Ź˵
˹˽ƷǺģ߶û˽Ʒ
ĽϺͰ׾ƶ׽ߣ׽˵˽ƷѾãƷʵ̫ݳˡ
ţǻ޹ʦģ治һ꣬ҵĴҵġ
ĽϵԭĴ󲮿أѽҪƽˡ
ŰɣǮĽݼ˵ëëأǺǣҪҪһ˽ƷıǺô
˰ɣǼô˵ˣǸϵǸСҪҽʯǰʮŸģǰʮδһ֮ûϣˡ
׾ЦЦֻҪŬ츳׵ġ
Ըɣƽ㣬ôǰûóѽأ
׾ЦΪ֮ǰûкʵģԲһֱûóã˵ʦ˿ʦᣬˮƽѾǷ켫ˣʺҵԵķŽȥʦῴ׾һ˵ţһϣЩϣѾˣһֱûϡ
һ˽Ʒķ൱ģƷʦû취ΪƷģĴʦȻˮƽǹˣΪԭ򣬲ϱߵ⡣
׾ѽĺһЩˮԻ߱ԣ˹УԵķͲ࣬ˮԵֻˮȼ֣⼸ķ׾ƶ̫ϲһֱˡ
ĽᣬˮƽѾǷ켫׶᣿
˵ʮ꣬Ҳ
УţƤˣЩҥԵ˶Խ˵ԽףҾͲһʮʦжߵˮƽҿʦҪôǸͷӣֻǳ˵㣬ҪôûǸˮƽֻǱ˴ġ
׾ЦϣǲмһأðʱҲ˼ţôۿɺĵˣûƢ˰ɣ㰡Ǽ̫ǿˣøͲ˱á
ȥȥȥ˭ذСѾʼŬƽſˣ㽫ұȲֵڣºɱҲҪĽǰʮĻҲҪǰʮǿ
Ǻǣղ˭˵һ֮ڶûϣǰʮţ׾ЦЦʵ
ǸΪĽһ죬޻˵ˡ
׾Ц˺ˣˣҪҪһȥʦ᣿
ҲȥһҥԣȥҲǰȥ㻹ȥ꺭үүأ꺭үү˳õʦ˰ɣ֣һ¾͸㶨ˣ
׾ƵҪˮԵģ᳤ó
ҵרȻϵ費йԵķֻԡ
ˣúɣȡºǰʮ׾Դ٩˵
˾ͽ˵˵ģôĽûľС죬һ׾۸˵ӣ˵ˣҾͷģһȥʦɣǿʦҴˡ
ţð


130 һҫʯ
ʦᣬĽԶԶĿʦ˽̸꺭ʱϲ
꺭þòˣûңĽԶԶľͽе
ףǣĺþòء
꺭ĽϺͰ׾ƣŮ£ݵλͬʳڣ˳ǣ֮⣬ܹע֮Ů
ŮСʶǹѣֻĽϺͰ׾ȥ丮꺭ȴϲսʲôĲȤ˽丮Ļᡣ
꺭ôûиүүѧϰܵкˣ׾ʵˣʦ᲻һĿʦôڲڵģ
꺭΢΢һףв˲֪ʦˣĽϺͰ׾Ϊ丮ĵӣô᲻ʶ
һ˿׽Ц⣬˵ڰˣԲڴкˡ
ۣŮСְ˲ãһüʶʶˡĽϿŵ˵
꺭ȻЦţ˵֣ҿѧٶġھҪô
ǺǣҪġʱ׾ƲڵҽܵλĿʦġ
һ˵ţһ߳ǰ˽ƷıһˮԵķ֪λʦʱô
꺭ЦʱģոջָãҴǹȥ
ڵҾڴһ࣬꺭ŶŮߵˣƿţոմӿ״̬˳Ԫδָ״̬˽һߴһ˵ҪдֽϣϺͱ£ǿԳȥˣĽ֮Ի˽ǣڼ䣬ǲý
һ仰˵꣬ȴûеõӦ΢΢ü۾ӳģĽϺͰ׾ƵɵԲĴ۾꺭Ц
ţǡȻϵ丮˫
ǡ㣿ǸʦĽϷ·ʶƵģһ˫ɵøȵƵģһգգĿţ·Ҫ
ǵģҾˡԴӵ㹻ĵλӰ֮ûʦˡ
㡭㡭Ľ˵ˣȻ˵ĿʦͷǳСû뵽˾Ȼ
꿪ЦɣʵţƽˣҲû˵۾͵ڣ㻹ǸĴʦ
Ҳ̫ˣ
òýˡ
ǿЦİɣǰɣ꺭ǲһﶺ㿪أðɣҳкд⣬ⲻİɣĽϿЦӣֱ޷ʵ
꺭ʼ磬˵Ҷ㿪ĵǿܣҶ㿪ô
ĽһתûһòƳ֮ɶҲᣬȤûУMMˣô꺭ԼЦοԼҲ졣
㡭ʲôʱѧ
ʮɡſںߣʮһʦʦѧġ
˵赭дֿȴĽϼȲˬͺñһһҰƽĳ̣ʲôʱ׬ôǮ˵ʱ׬׬ˡ
νĿĽִ˵ĳ嶯ȻǵԼĸڴһĹĽֻա
ʱ׾ҲŻЩȻЦЦ˵ǡû뵽ÿΪԼѾǳ߿ʦˣǵͷȴֻǵ͹ʦܡʦֻѧ˴ʦˮ׼ˣ
ʦҵһЩ׵ķһܹóģⶼʦĹ͡
Ǻǡ׾ƸЦһЩ׵ķ˵ƵġػֱױɫģҲСסķô
ΪĴʦ׾Ҳֻܽᵽˣܹȱʸߴ߳ɵġȭ֮ڳΪʦҲǿܹ˽ܵ˰ɡܳΪʦѵ츳Ҫϰ츳ࣿ
λʲôôʵڵʱܽ˷ѡ
Ŷ¡׾ŷӦԼıݸ
ⱦ࣬ѩҼΪ׵һܣڽϷ׭дɵ֡ˮ
ý̾ո̽ˮеƽṹǳѽ˽ƷҲϵˡ
׾Ƶʦܣһˮԣ߱ԵķԪϡ
ˮԻ߱ԣ֣ûô
ûûˡ׾赭дȻԼҪڻ£룬ֵʦܿĸãòˣЩϲĻһԼӡ
ƳһϵĲϣЩȻ󣬵˵ûʲôãְֻܻˣ㻻ٶĻ֣ЩҲ򵽣ΪʦҲûС
֮ǰĴ㣬˾һΣ㾡ԼЩѧܻܲƳһžֵķɡ
һȫֵע⣬һѰЩϡϣӦڶʱ룡
뵽˵һҫʯǾʦҵһҫʯôԼϣƳܻˮƽķ֤þʦ⡣
һҫʯ׾ƻû˵Ľȴ㡭Ҳ̫˰ɣһҫʯֵһǧƽϣ˹ҵõҪĻһǧƽδعأ
ҫʯģҲһּΪĲϡ
ҲԪˮƽߣǿ֧ķʧܵķգõĲϼֵҲǧƽҿԱֻ֤ҪɹֵҪҫʯʦҲûУʵңҲҪġ
׾ҧҧ˵ðɣҴڻ޹һҲܹ򵽣ҴӦ㡣
׾ڰ׼ҵλȻһǧƽȻǸСĿżһΣܵóġ
ôллʦˡ˵һ嵥
ЩϣǮͻִҵϿ۰ɡ嵥ݸ꺭
˽ˣʦĹ涨ṩıʦҪʦķˣʦṩϣʦṩ
ݣżһνʦͷʦĲһ˽⣬ʦȻƽϡ
꺭һŲϣ΢ЩϿǼֵƣһ˵Ƿĸ߼ķõĲϳɱҲһǧƽӣṩķɱǧƽˣмֲ൱ϡ١
ϼ֮û̿ʼƣһԪʯٶȽ״̬ϢСʱԼԪظ۷״̬
֮ſʼʽĻƣҪģġƬ


131 
ƬѶ롰ػ൱ҪЩˮƽͻͽҲұ֤ܻƳɹ
ʯ飬һԪˮȣ˵ʼԸ꺭ϡ
⼸ϣ꺭ѾγеĬֻҪһԸ꺭ͿѸٶĽϴá
ֻ꺭ϸʮָ羫һ趯ţһݷݲϱٵĴϣҲùһݲֱת̫һʼơ
һһڰУеĴеС飬һҫλðĹâ·һһһɶš
ĳɹʷǳߣһʼûʧܣԪĴģȴҲżͻȻ飬ǵ⣬ڿɢ·ҹзө档
ĹâУרעޱȵ飬ԼڱʯһʼſѤķ۾һ˲Ϊ֮Եĸо
꺭ĲĿĲŹâ֮Դǵһʱ䣬΢졣ʼվãרעе˵һ̣Ҳֻʱ꺭ܲصı֣ԴĽǶһֱ͵͵ע
龰˺ܾãһֱ̫ɽҽû谵ʱЩķĹâԵõѤˣλƵķ൱ӣѾһʮıɫ֮⾹Ȼ֯һĻҹĻǶŵ췱ǡ
˹Уֵĳ
ƽʱЩûûεĽϿЩâҲ֪Уʵ̫ˡ
ֹһӣѾӽ˼ޣҧأһķ˫һϣ˲ںһ֯һƬɫΡ
ֱȡ׾Ƶıˮ־һǱɫĻķ˱ˮѩ׵Ľ֮ϡ
šꡱˮ϶һɫĻ棬ɫԻΪģѸӳȥ̼㸲ѽ
ֻ˿˿ˮĽϾȻһ㺮˪ѽ·Χһ㣬һʱҵ¶轵˼ȡ
ĽĿϵĺ˪ԽԽ۾ɵùԲ
ǡ׾һڿˮ۾ƵĿˮһʱԥûȥӡ
Ϣһ£һԪעķϣĻӳһһۿɼİӽϷһֽһǶҵһʯ̨ϣʧ
֮䣬ʯ̨йĵطγһĶ棬ʯ̨Ҫ䣬ʱһͻȻĺȴʯ̨סˣʯ̨Ǳԭӡ
֮꺭⣬г
֮ʦͨķ󷨵ı仯ı䱦ԪսԪɼܣ似һȥ˵У൱߶һ似
˹ɣ֮ʧˣҵʦҲͬᣬֻл޹һЩʦпͨ
뵽꺭Գ꺭˵ûʲôȿֵ伮веĶǰˡ
ƵһλơǿʱҲһ֮һ߽ԪעʱķеԪѹ£˲䱬ȥڽпɷǳǿɱ
ǿһ֮ʮУ֮ϣĶ棬ţӶľ׵ע⣬˶ľ׽ʶ
һ֮Ƚϵͼֻ൱ͨ˽Ʒ似ˣֵǺܴ󣬱ϾһšǿõĳɱҲһƽ
һ𵽷ΪʤЧΪСξҾƶûѧĹ似һ˽Ʒ似˵ѾܱˣԽսһΡ
ľΪķһǧչ۸Ѿˡ˵ˣǿһ֮һûѧ似˸𣬶׾ơĽǮָòţе㼦ߡ
⡰Ƭϸ֮Ͳͬˣ֮൱˽Ʒ似мΪһ֣
֮ʲô֣꺭Щ
նʦԸһ£ֻҪԪעķϾܷˡ˵Žˮݸ˰׾ơ
׾һСĽӹˮһ֣׾ܸ̾оһֱ۴壬·Ѫĸо
ԪԪ̳ͨע뵽ˮ֮Уûһģޱȣ
ԪЧĳϣ׾а֪ᣬҲˮƽˣ⽣ϸǸ֮
׾ư˵ģԪеķ֮УɸеԼԪͨһת˺֮ϵĹעԪˮ̺ĺԽԽֲģˮ˷ܵҲҵĲ
׾ƺɣֻҪһӳͿԽ
⺮նҪ丮ѡ˽Ʒ似Ҫǿ׾Ȼûлӽȴó
˰׾Ƶۣ꺭׼ҲǴһҪ֪丮ĲѾ˹ҵùˡ
˹дѵ߸ûܽ丮ǽ丮ûн֮ѡ˽Ʒ似
ܹ֮ѡ˽Ʒ似ޣҲֻѡ˽Ʒ似е似
׾ʮѡ似ѾǲǼˣȴǲ纮ն꺭ܲԾ
ķ˹ȦȻȻ󲨣»дѵߵһķ
꺭ƣķƽҲṩӦ
ٸҲ̫߳ϾķģҲֻ˽ƷķӱҪƽ۸񣬼߶֧
ˣ۵ɱһķôҲƽ룬Ȼķľ޴󣬵ĿֲָһôҲܻ
žֻҪͻ㹻࣬һ¾һٶʮֱǮ
˹֧ƽ߲һˣ⿿һķ׬ٶƽˣ
꺭뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˣڣ۷Ϊټ⼸ҲֻǸոչķѡ
ȱĲǻƽ𣬶ǲϣܶǻƽģ㣬ϡϻķ˭Ǿ׼ԼҪĲϣˣȫ˹ߣͲŲڶʱڼҪĲϡ

öķϡϵϢͬһذը˳ѸٵĴˣ
ĳɵķ֮ķ˳ǿƾƷҲû취ƣΪ˹ʦУ֮Ѿʧˡ


132 ˭
һͼ֮߸ϣΪи߼似֮˵൱ڼߡ
ǵ֪൱ڶ˽Ʒ似֮ʱȴۺˣ˹Ĳߣû˽Ʒ似ģУҲǶġ
ο˭ϣԼ似ԵеʱиӦ䣬һʽƣеڶʽ
ϢþбըԵģķķˣȻǡ
丮ţ˹ҫ۵ǣ⣬ӵгԣͬʱǸʦԻӵмƷ֮Ķķ
ͣȴǲ²ŵʮ꣡

˷˿˵ֻҪϵ飬ûʲôǲܵģȷʵѣȻԺεʮɾʦȻǾ׵漣ȴǲɽ͡
ȻһЩŽ϶˽ˣһЩʦȴԸţϾֶҪʱĻۣԣ
ȻȷӦ϶⴫ʵڶ죬˳ǵĹٷۡȷд丮֮ͬʱΪʦʦԸ֮ļƷķϡϡϢгչϵбٷۡһֻڹٸĺ͸ʾ漰ٸ飬д飬Ϊ˾ϡ
ˣɲǲˣ
˵һżƷķ˽ƷܴǵսƷעȫԪն϶ֵƷûˣǻô
˽ƷУֻҪ׼ƽ𣬻һ򵽣ܳĵƷķȴټԼģǸǿ
ǣһЩߣûŪ˽ƷȴҲʦһķ
ܿ죬ǿʼܱߵĹϵѰۡ嵥гĸֲϣּܹƷķߣĸǼҴҵҪôʵǿҪôң̷ӵеĹϵȻǴ۸ӣвٴ壬ӵеҪ̫Ӵö࣡
ӴѰЩϡϣЧ֪
ȻҲһЩȴʹϵĻƽ𣬱ֹ̬ȣϣķۣȻܿȴˣΪ嵥ϵĲԽԽ٣ʣģϡ
ϲϵı룬ҲԽԽ죬ÿ춼üƷټϴԪʯҪǮƵģ¯֮࣬ǰơƬֶķʱ򻹼ΪǿڣȴѾᳵ·
ڿĸ£ġԪҲû£ѾﵽˡԪڶСɵľ磬ѪٶԪҲ
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ֹȥ죬ǷȱĲֻ֣⼸֣ȴǡǡѰģǼֵƵ弶ѪҺڶûҵ
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ʱ̫ӵһŴɫ΢΢
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Źˣǡϻ񹦡׹ͻᵼռԽԽǿŹҲƫִҿպҪֲСġɣǷ棬ҲȥһЩּ֣ҷ棬Ҳ˴ϣЭõİȫ
Ϊֹüͷ
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丮ĵӣ̻ľӢҲɱ㣬Ҳ㸶ʹĴۡ
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ʱһŴǰ̫ġ
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ĵӿˣֻҪʮﵽ׽۷壬սʤŹŹˣƫִݣƴϧܾˣ˼УĪΪһǰ̡
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Źʵͺǿϻ񹦡нҲܵģܻܣ֮Ҫа֮ͽ飬£Źٶ࣬Ҳܷ
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133 ԾĹ
͹Ǿڣ˲жϣŹΪһ۾ͿԷΪ
丮ֻ֮͹Ǿӣһؿ࣬һŹǵսõ丮֮⣬Աȶ͹۷߸ǿ
ѽһᣡһᣡŹ񿴵֮һϣЦ
ЦеĿŹϷһŹ񣬱׻Ʒ
׶һЩϲŭ޳Ź񲻵ƫִƤҲ˷ָĵز
û뵽û뵽Źһ°ڣǰĵû뵽־ȻһʦҵõϢʱʵǲŰʮʦĸ
ֻϧ丮֮УûʦĴУֹƾһ㣬Ѿڶ丮ĺĵˣŹһ˵һҡӣһӡ
֪ʦͷʢʦʱŹҲʮ𾪣ֲ̫ȻôѧʦòѾˣȴҲ޷ȴˡ
û˵꺭Ѿˣõ˾֣һŪŮ˵ģһĵģŹռˡ
Źʦ᲻ӭ㣬뿪
꺭壬ãŭ˵ĻȥȴһɱûУŹֱӽӵˣŮûŮ
ЦǺǵ꺭һۣ˵С㻹ôأֱֱȥƢҲϲС㵽ҸϣһȺȲ裬Σ
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ʱ˵Źӣû¾Ϳ뿪ˣĸ֮Ȼݷãڣ벻Ҫҹ
˵ռƷϣҽɴһЩŹ˵ŴֽȡһСƿӣСƿװŰɫҺ壬ˮһء
弶ѪҺĿһ弶ѪҺѾ˺ܾˣȴȻûҵ˹һԶ̻ȻĿֲȻôҳˡ
Ǻǣֺȷʵ弶ѪҺΪ֡Ź˵ţִֽгһ磬׾Ӷغ񣬽кɭɭ֮ϲɫĻƣ꺮ѿγɵ·һ㣬һǾƷý
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ֹȻʶǷȷʵ˽ƷϣģҪɵķ֮ȱǼֲϣһ̻ᷢᣬġ
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𡭡̫źˣЩЩΪʦѰİɣܷʦ֣˵Źԥһ£ҡ˵
΢΢һ㶣ʱŹ˼Ϊ̽Լʦ
ǵģپˣܹʮʱΪʦҲʦͨ˹ɣȻԱ𴦣Źɵ
ռΪΣͲزˣʦƽʱķҲҲ㲻ָˡ
ŶŹ˼תȻ蹷Ƿ蹷Ҳȥҧϻȷʵ̽ʦǺˡ
²⣬ʦӦһߣʵľ൱ϵˮƽȴҪᣡ
죬ûǶǴ˵еĴڣյĵӣô䵽丮丮ԴƲѵμӺĵӿ˵ĵز
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ѳɶ֣꺭̾һ̫嶯ˣڲµʱ򰡡
Źʵǿĺܣȴڰ켫Ʒ˵£˵ģԾĹ


134 С
׼㿪ʼ˻ƹ̣ЩķѾԽԽΪǵһΪ˽ƷģԻƵĹһЩܹ˰ʱʱ䡣
ӡģһɣսٸǰ˽Ʒһ͵ķ
Ź񽫱һ£ԪעУȻĳֵԪ֮Ҳܼ
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ǸɵƣȲ뿴ĸ֮Լĵı£һʲô̬һѽںʵĻʹϻ񹦡ݶǼУˣΪ󽵣ҿͨ丮ĺĵӿˣ
Źȴ֪ʱȴҲͬ˼Źʩչ֮Ц
ŹǸɵӣʡҲҾ͵ţĸ֮ŹΪҰܣϧŹ񲻻֪ΪΰܱģҲ֪弶ѪҺ˶ãҺ뿴ı飬һá֡ݵǼУ㲻Ͼ󽵣ҿŮʱԺġϻ񹦡
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˼꺭Ѿܲˣں޲ɱǰ¹ޡ
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ѶֻǴ߼Ǽˣÿ컹ǻᱻˤĺܲҡ
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ǿȭòãҲΪʦ֡
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ţӲ㣬һݣˣӽȥÿζһһ·Ҳ˵·ֻһ㣬ԸͲҪ
Ҫ֪綴Ѷȴﵽż֮һĵӼԪȵĵֿ磬ȻΪ̫죬ȴȻᴵǻ·˺ѣ


135 
綴Ѷȴﵽż֮һĵӼԪȵĵֿ磬ȻΪ̫죬ȴȻᴵǻ·˺ѣ
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綴УŭţХżѶµĿ磬ܴһɿĹʯܡ
Ŀз·ȫûƵģ裬ȻǣȻĺһȻȴֻһٶڿкţˮεһ㡣
ʼձۣȫĵĸܷȶԼ壬ڷеƽ⣬紵ϣȻȻжʱһгߣȴȻһΣ󱻿紵ÿұˤȥ
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ͬһݣƾ紵ȴʼȵķڿС
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ʮѾһ֮⾳ĽҲʽһأڿ綴мȫܶӰ졣
һٶʮʱߴɱʱ䣬ȫˣãҲСˣ쿪ʼҪϰа֮;֣žǳ׽ƿʱ̫ˡ
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֪Ѿ͸֧ޣȻΪ߶ȵľУѾҴߵ״̬Ȼûио͸֧״̬Ի˵ǼΣյġ
Ϊسĸɡ
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136 ͻ׽
ˣΪ͸֧̫Բ˯ôãǡʲôʱˡ
Ĵɳ©ѾɾˣȻֹ˯һʱ䡣
óɹˣҹƴ˻Ѷȣû뵽ÿһҪôã֮ǰƵǡԪ
ƵǾԪͶ֮ӡ֡
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֮ӡ֣ͨԪתԪʹ似Ĺ
ҪȻȻƾԪˡ
ʵһ£ȻΪԪĴڣԪתΪԪٶȴӡ
ĳɵƺΪҴߵ״̬͸֧壬ûгȻ壬ɵľԪԤ֮кõĶ࣡дϲĳɵٶѾ൱ˣ
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ʵʮĲ࣬ҲٶȵĲѡ
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ʮﵽ͹ڵߣȴҪ˥ϣ»ĽʵȲͬߣԺҲٽ粽˵ͻˡ
ԾԪĳɵٶѾǳ˲ˣ
Ԫֻ򵥵ԺΪпܻƸǿʱҵ츳ҲΪҵϰˣ
ƾԪʱЩ⶷֮ӡһȣʵһЩ㣬֮ӡֻʵֻҪŹ֮ǰƳɹ١

ոһգÿ춼ȥٲ̶ԪʮѶȵٲ̶ÿһʱ
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ֹ˰£ҲǵڶµУٲ̶УʹÿͻȻһ֣Ѿȫ鼰Ԫʼ֮͸ˡ
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зֲԪͲ࣬ҪһǺʸѡ
ǿͻ׽ڣ׽ͬȣͻƶ͹ڸѣȫ޷̤ڡ
һĻʵԺΪԽԽѡ
Ƕ˵ȴȫڴ⣬ԪѾƤĤÿһ֣뵽ƤĤÿһϸСԪ֮У˵ͻ׽͹ǡȫˮɶѡ
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ĿһԪΡû뵽ҾȻﵽԪεľˡ
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ллʦ֣ô鷳ʦְҿһʮһѶȡ
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ŶãõġִʦŷӦ̿ʮһѶȵľ


137 
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ľвľ˿ܣԽľ˿ԽǿҲԽࡣ
ľ֮ľ˿߶ĹЩ谵ǲӰ
Щľ˿ܱߴ󴫳֮һڵĽڣȷǳصһţ˹丮ȫûдڵĹأԸӴ
ۼľ˿ԽԽ࣬ȴûżǹûгֱܵѾﵽ˶ʮֿȭĳ˽ȥ
꣡һľ˿һЩľ˿ȫõľľȲô˵ıˣľľһ£ҲܿѪˡ
ۿһֱǰżһ㣬·˲Ƶĺ˰ߵľ룬һɨıǼȥպñܹһֲ࣬һֲ١
ಣһľ˿һնʱԾڰУ޴ΪԶںţľ˿һӱննĺѾ޿ɱܣȻȴһ䣬·𱻷紵Ҷһ㣬ȫΥɵӲߣٴԺ֮һ
ಣľ˿ܲϵҲֹֻǷ·ͥŲһ㣬ľ˿ܵĹ
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ÿһ󷨶ģĹ
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ȥô죬Ԫʯһ㣬ȻԸЩľ˿ʮֵĳڻûܸɵء
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˶ĸ߼ܣѹ࣬ʱǿȵܣСԪ֧֣Ҳ΢΢Ϣ
ˣһ˴ʱоѾ㹻ţһֽг˹ǹ
˫ֳǹкһϸСԪĺڵͬһƵʣԪͬɽһҲ˲䱬
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׽ڵǿϻ𵴵Ԫֻһı죬ΧǹɨеĿȫ˳ȥ
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138 Ŀꡪǹ
ִʦֿЩͣһֱû׸ղŵô£ѵľĴ˹ϣôԪʯĵô죡
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Ҳûн飬ллʦˡ
Ϣĺܿ죬Щ˵֮̾ɱ֮ǰյķʯ㳡ܿ;ۼ˲ˡ
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ѵô׼սʯǰʮôһˬʵ˹תһ丮֮˾ެ


139 
תһ丮֮˾ެ
֮տˣȫǵһΪ츳ޣһЩϲͬһĳɼ˾ެȴ֧֮һ
壬쳤ϳ̨鷳Ҳ˾ެ쳤ϸ
ΪЩ£˾ެӡܺãһ񣬵ﳤϺá
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˾ެ棬һӿΪ֮ǰԪϺܶСʦСʦΪֻأûע⵽Ѿͻˡ
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Ҳ΢΢һ£ЦԸΪСЧͣҿԸѵġ
ģҿءһЦֱӽ־ͺˣô֣ţѾаսʯǰʮ˰ɣ
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ɱ󿼺˼ʼʱ򣬰׾ƺĽҲˡ
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ڣĽϿһ̸оͻһСŮԽ͵ģеĪļģĽԼ򵥣ӲԼԸɴô͵ˡ
׾Цϣ㲻ǰŪ˰˽ƷĽҪʦܰæô


140 սȼ
׾Цϣ㲻ǰŪ˰˽ƷĽҪʦܰæô
Ľϲζ˵˼ҲһѽʦأԪ˧óĽôҲ˽ƷĽɣǰƽǲȥˣߣȺͷӶŵС
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Ľʮƣص丮ֵ֪Ѿʼ˱չأĽϸӲˬˡ
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ʦܿˡ׾ЦЦ˵Щʲôʱ̳Աߵͭӱˡ
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ĿһսѾȼʱ֮ã֪ΣԼʯϳ嵽ڼ
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׾ƣǵ͹ɱٶȣ
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ȴδ˰벽


141 ٶȣ
һ뻡Ĺǹ͵ػָԭ״Ƕ͹۷ĺڼӲıˡȴδ˰벽
ƽʱһ̳ǿƵһǹ㲻һǹԷҲˡ
ڣͷ൱ڶ͹ǳڵȴѾһһңɱ

һȣǹ͵һɨԪǹɨͷ޵Դǿ𶯵Ԫͷ޵Դʱͬһ
ۣۣͷʬصˤ˵ϣѪȪһӿ
ӵʱ䣬Ǳһǹ˶͹۷ȴһùһŵ棬ĵԣӺ˱ǰ壬˫ֳֹص
ۼһһȣһеĹǹһǰڳһͻȻﵽһֲٶȣ
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ҪһˣȻؾǰʮԶˣ²ܽ¸Ҳýˡһ֮ǰʮĵҡӻ˵Խ࣬ʯԽڹȥʱ䣬ʯӦǽӽǰʮˡ
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ֺ͵ֱһƿˣȻ֮䡣



142 ǹ


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ڵŮʮһŮõҲһõҪȵ˻ʵ۲֪ˬٰٱ丮Ĵе˵ֱļˣ

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˿˿ǹˣĸоǹ˿˿··𵭵ˮһ㣬ȥָкܺá
·ɲǷõģʦǹ̵ƣЩѾǹ֮Уͬķһ㣬ǹѾΪһ壬ƾЩƣǹԹעͨԪΪ˽Ʒı


143 Ԫ
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Ƕʲôǹ
ǹǹââȵȸָ˵Եͽ׵˵ЩģĶ֪֮Щǿˡ
һǹ̳ʯգ˷ޱȣһǹֻΪ֮
ͻ׽ںȻﵽԪεľ磬ǲԴɱУڣΪ˽ƷŵһοͷųԪ败Էˡ
ԪԶ̹ѣһߣѧϰ似һΪֹûѧκι似ڣֻҪԪ㹻ȴеͬ似
һǹ񫣬Ԫעǹˮĸоˬޱȡ
ʱʢһǹջأһṇ̀滨
滨ǹǹеһʽǹ籩滨ܼ©ˮ
ǹӰȫģΪֲٶȶļһƬǹӰΧγۿɼĲƣκζһᱻ𶯵˲˺飡
ǹһйղ۵ƣǹջأдϲ˽Ʒǿ󣬹Ȼͬ죡
ټǹɣ
ѾȲŹһսˣ

ɱĳɼһذըһʱ䣬ʹ˳ǡ
½ʯǰʮĸ»Ź»ؿ࣬»ɭ
һĿˣǶΪ죡ڣֻʱ䣬˵һǳɡʯ
ôĸ֮ǲܻŹºٻؿࣿ
֮󣬼̶սɭ
Źؿ໹ʲôɭȴΪ˹ͬ޵У˵˹µĵһˡ
ֻ̤͹ǾȴſߵʵҪսʤɭʹɭͬ޵е񻰣ʵҲ൱ڳڵߣ
׽ڵΪȴߵʵᣬٶȿֲ
ٸʱ䣬᲻ͻƶ͹Ǿ
ȵ֮᲻̶֣ܺʶ˹书һı
ô˺۷أ
ٶȣʮ֮ǰﵽ첢ѣ
ô˺۷壬ǲǿԱ֣
뵽ܶ˶ȥˣǶԣǾǴ˵
ڸƵУҲžصĵλ
ʹǸֻǺ۷ѡ
Ȼλ˹ʵۣƽʱ˻ʵҲ֣ҲҪ
ֲͬȴֱӷϵʵۣ»ʣ

ֱӰҹɱʹȡʵ׼
֣˭
֪ɱ˻ʵۣ˭ȥ׷


144 ŷݶ
֣ŵ׽磬ȫǴƽĴڣһҪһ֣ôڹҿûУҪһĽȫ˧ӪڶʵҲ˻ʹ̻ô
гһʵ죬ô˹ˡ
õʯϢʱ̫Ȼһʱõ˻㱨Ĵ
ĳɼϲ뵽ĸºŹѾԽԽпܣŹôܸأ
丮ͬһеžۼͷ·˽һЩʺõĶ޼һιǺˮΪǱ˴ɱѡյ
񣬸ĸŹĿ꣬͵ͬŹĥʯ
ŹԵȻһЩ͵ǰ㣬ԽԽ£ô˾Ͱˣûʲô˵ġ
ƫƫŹƫִ²ô׵ĽʧܣⳡսӰô
Ź񣬻᲻ȡʲôֶΣ
ţüͷ΢壬¾ܱ֤ۡµİȫĸĸɣּҲܵرͬ⡣
ˣ͸Ҷˡ
ôŹʲôأ

ʱ̻ᡪ
Źɫбϣ֦չŮϻ̳Ͽֵһԡ
ʵϣȥɱ󿼺˵ʱŹ͵һʱõϢȫԸϹȥĿˣͷ飬ŹȻаȤˡ
˵ĵһʱ䣬Źյ˴
ʱ䣬ɱ
ɼŹﲻȻʯǰʯԺ󣬸һΣŹʵ˳ĽǣĽٶֲ̫ٹʱ䣬ֻ֪٣
ڵŹﻢµĸо
үңŹµ߽䣬һҲ֪ʯ飬ֻ֮̾ǰͲ޳ŹȥŹָֻŵġ
ѾˣҲˣŹԸҲ϶֡
үԶΪĻ̻̳˵ݣҪүԵˡϻ᲻ѡһԸƫ˵̻ƶˡ
˰ҡͷȻ뷨˵
Źϣɫû˵ŹȻʲôʺ̻δƶˣԴˡϻ񹦡֮Źƶ˵λѾû̫Ȥ׷ǳõഺ޵̻ƶ˵ݣ²Ӱ쵽
ϵȵŷݶҪǡŹĬ˺һ˵
ŷݶ΢΢һ㵣ŹҪҰˣĵˣ˵ĵ˾ѣԹ漰λ̻֮ᶼᱣ̬ȣƫκһһΣŹȴҪʮһˡ
ŷݶȺϻŷӵ״ӡ
ʵϣŷݶ츳ȵвڣʮŴﵽڣֹ꣬Ҳûܽ۷塣
ܵ״ӣҪΪŷӵֶӣݣ˵ǸʵˣǸʹ͸ŷݶҲҪ񾴼֡
ŷݶЩ꣬ϻ񹦡Ϊɣ뿪ȵܱ߸νġʵȡøŮ
ŷݶζ㷺Ȥģ֣һǴǧС㣬Ůʳڣĸ߰ŷݶϲģǰȥЩŮ߰£ԭʥתɵŮڶʵͥСұŮ崿ˣһ֮ŷݶЩŮԼԼĴӷ㡣
Źڵ̻ᣬȺϻŷйʽŹġϻ񹦡ҲǴŷõģȻΪ̻Ḷ˲СĴۡ

ھ˹Զй
Źվڴ֮Уûаư֮ɫǰһͶʮͷڴ֮ϣһһˡ
Ϲ̺ӣӵһЩС̺ż𣬾ͻ¶ԼԼĴ⣬Ȼ̺µŮѾѵһ˿ҡ
Źʵ˵ɣʲôҰæŷݶЩסһŮһ߳ϻ񹦡Բ
Ź֪ŷݶ󣬵̻ʱ·רݷŷݶ
ŹֽȡһᣬĵݸӣչһڻϻһŮʹԼʮ꣬ĳˣѵõɢһ崿͸߹ӵʣ˺޲̾ΪС
⻭ϵŮ¡

ŷݶ۾һϲľǧССұ͵ŮӣŮӣƺʼС
ŷݶֱ⡣
Źԥʵ˵˹̫Ӹ
ŷݶ΢΢һЦˣŹ˹̫ǲǵˣŮ̫ӵС檣̫֮ӳԱȻһСС̫ӣҲ벻׵ĸ˵ǹʹŮѾ̫檣ҵȤҲˡ
ŹˣŮ֮ңŮ³֮ǰѾǲΪŷӴռʮӣͻ񹦵أŮƷϵ츳ʮӵġҵѼʮѾһջˡ
Ŷŷݶһʮӡٺ٣ɹĵġ
ܴ½ʱɺ͵֧ϣʮɣʮ֧ΪżΪռһ룬³Ů̫̫ˣҲ֮һ
봿ʮȴǳѣһŮҲǡҵģǺŮȫҪݵһŮ֣Ҫĳʱ䣬һһҡ
ҸѵǣЩŮƷ츳ϣƷ츳˽ռ˰ٷ֮һһˢȥ˴Ůӡ
󣬴ʮӱͶʮµŮΪ֮
ҪãϢͨŮò̫Ļ߿Ѿˣôͻƹƿ
Ʒ츳ʮŮӡԽԽ̵ĳʱҪʹôʮӷǳѴ롣
еĺϻڵӣԴմʮӣʱ֮ãòҵһһŮȴѾʮˡ
ǣѰҴʮӷ棬̻ȴױȵƣ̻Ἰ漰˸óףкܴһ˿ڲɰ졣
ܴ½˿̫ˣܶ˼˺𣬾ͻѺһѾߡС檡Сˡ̫඼ôġоо̣ķ²ҲΪˡū


145 а
̻Ḻüҵ˿ӺѾѡʺϵŮӣԱȽ״봿ʮӡ
̻ʱʱ䣬Ⱥδʮӣһʮˣ׸˺ϻŷӣԲŻŷӴġϻ񹦡
ʮӣѾ˼ŷݶĶˣǲɲ˴ʮӣʵһ
ѾҵŹſڴƻƣʵǰЩȷΪҪµҵŮ̸ף
ոմȥڹҵһˣǰŮһЩԽ棬ҪԽ̡
ߣҲǼ٣һҪȫĴʮӣòȻҪȵù⻭ϵŮӣҲ̫ˣ
µòƷϵۺŵƽ֮Уһ뼯ʮŮҪ֣ܣŷݶֻܽҪ
ģ»һ󡣡
ţ˵ɡŷݶϵŹΪ£ôԵ޹ʵİ봿ʮӣҪѴȥѰҡ
ʽΪŷϵļӣϣӰԼ䡣
ôŷݶԥŹ츳ոչƷΪȳϵļӻЩ࣬Ź׽ǿӵĻвٱ
뵽ŷݶ˵ڱչأһºأһȥղ㣬Ҫ˼ҵ˼ˡ
Źһϲлл
ȱŸˣҲǶԹĺô鷳ҿԳְһ嵽׻᲻ᴫ߼ȴҵġ
ЩףӷĻһȥ˹һǻϵŮǷϹӵ⣬ȫס˹ҪŮӣһ˰﹫룬Ա֤⡣
ŷݶ۾һתȥ˹ҲѾĲˣҲûζˡ
ң֮ǰеƷϵ츳հ׵СǡҲ˹ȥһˣ뵽ŷݶЦãҾһˡ
õŷݶĿ϶𸴣ŹǷһĨζЦݡ
ҿô죡츳ұȲ㣬ŷݶأҲб¶ԸôҪôŷݶôŷݶ
ĸ֮ӮңҾͱ㽫ս֮Ƶڣþ׹ǽѪмҿ㻹ôάŵ񻰣

ţϵ᣿
ոսӵ̫ӵĴʮ֮ڻʹʢᣬƼȵҪҪزμӡ
ȵҪ𡭡΢΢˵δȵˡ
Ȼ̫ϲᣬΪ丮׼ĵӣˣҪμˡ
˳ʵԺյһӵ룬׾ơĽϡɭؿ࣬Լ丮ĵӵȵȡ
˳ЩҲʼȫɨˮȫɾ԰޼ɵԵľ˲ɫĳ
еġ
ʱ¸ҹԶץסǹǹβСǹƽУѹ£ų߾Ŵ糤һǧٽصǹƽȵĺţǹƽһˮˮһ˿ƶûС
ƣϰεġǹʽ
ʼձ۾ȫϸСԪĺڵһƵʣʱȫ飬ûа˷·µʯ
ҹ紵ϸݲҶͬĲһһ̶ֻСɫөĵķǹ⴦ĴԵʼˮһȦ΢ɲ֮ɢ
۾
ʱ䣬ѾǹȫںΪһǹͷ·ֱ۵죬һֻСȥҲĸо
СȻˮֱȱ֮Сһ󣬷ˡ⣬תԪ
ĿѾʱ룬ʱǰһ⣬ʱ֪ˡ
ģԪתٶԽԽ죬ÿԪת฽ʱȴһԪϢڴˡ
ԪԽԽ࣬ʼתģһСԪԪ֮лɡ
ΪγɣԪתٶǼӿ˼֣ĽӽˡԪڶصļ¡
Ԫڶؼɣ
šԪľĽʼ֮𶯣ϸСԪĺҲﵽ˳һֱ
Ȼѧ˿ȴûĸоԼÿһɻϸ˿Ԫܹ֪ϸ˿ľĿ
ǧԪϸ˿
Ժиֳ֣˿ڻ׶ΣɷֻǧԪϸ˿ǧϸ˿һʯ֮Уϣǧƻ㣬ЩƻȫĻʯͻɼǧ飬Ŀ˵ĻǾֱӷˡ
ȻԪ˿ͬʱһȻȴɱ˲ϲ״̬ദǸԪڲϵţԭֲڲ״ԲһͬСһľӨС
а֮ġӡ
Լղһϵб仯Ϊаӵᡣ
аӣа֮Ļ
а֮ǵڶöƬطܶΪɼⲿط
а֮һؿɵԪڶؿʮɣʮɣԴƣĵأԪ
ߣԪѹ
ɵԪǽԪѹɣʮɣѹʮɡ
Ԫѹģаӡ
ֻҪаӴڣѹԪˣв䣬Ҫȥ
ڿо˳ʱǽа֮֮С
ڴﵽ֮ǰѪǸ࣬Ҳ㡣
ﵽ֮󣬾Ǹ࣬Ҳ㡣
а֮Ӵ࣬ͻ֮Ӿͻȥˡ
а֮ͻƵһ֮ǹһֻüģ󻺻³һ
ͬһֻʸһȥڿдһУת˼ʱ䣬Żɢ
û뵽а֮ͻƣȻҴôôа֮ǹطҲаӴУȹѪԪ
Щ⣬ȴҲȻϾܶΪƷطûһЩ⹦Ч


146 ǵİ׾
Ԫڶشɣ˿ֻǧɣͬʱ׽ڵΪҲõḶ́ʱƶ֮ӡˡ
ѡǾԪͶ֮ӡǰ߼ӿٶȣʵ
ԪѾƳɹˣʱֻ۷壬Ϊ˻⶷֮ӡ͸֧Ԫ˯ҹΪ˰ȫ֮ӡͱˣΪȵĴﵽ׽ڣټϡԪڶشɣȻ⶷֮ӡɶˡ
ǹֽ䣬Ϸţ˱չŵӣڴ˯ʱֱϴԷˮ
һյʱ䣬վϴ֣㣬ԡеһ˼ȫ飬ͬʱ״̬
λƶ˵ʮҪ֮ӡõĲϣȾԪҪһЩмֲΪϧû취׼ݣЩȫǹƷݲðʧܡ
˰ʱʱ̬֮ʼ˶֮ӡĻơ
һһʱ䣬糿ϣδˮδմⲻЧԻķͬЧΪʱ̱ȫ״̬ûаľһֱŸ߶ȵļС
һĹȣͻͷۻҪ˯ȥȴ£ɱõ״̬
һֱϦɽһʻƣڰŵٸѪϼҫ£Ϊһ壬һ̵ĹâѤ֮
˰ʱ䣬ȫںϣ֮ӡγɣһ⣬ٿûֱ֣ϣɷķġ
һķķĶһع֮УȻ⶷֮ӡķģȴͬĺ鷨һ㣬ȥԼԼһġ֣мһĳɢһɷƣǡһ˳ǹ
궷֮ӡļԪǳԣһЩ͸֧ˣǿһˮͷ˯
һ˯ȴһһҹ
֮ꤣͷҲ۵
˵㶫Ϣһ£ûмĻһ·丮Ĳҡ
֮ӡüˣֱߵԪսһ¶֮ӡս˶١
ѡ˲ҽһʯһԪʼתԪʱ򣬶֮ӡķĺ⣬·Ѫתһ㡣
ȣ
һһȭֻһƵľ죬ʯ·һУѣ
ʯȪһȻһֱ嵽һ˸ߣճɼ߳߶硣
ǧٽ
۾һɼѾԶԶɭһˡ
ɭһĳɼǧŰٽʱֻ˰˳ôɭȫҲǧһٶĳɼһǧ
ߵ۷壬Դﵽǧߣɴ
ǧٽѾ۷ܽˡ
֮ӡԪȺɣԪѾڶشɣ֮⾳ˣ׽ͻˣаҲˡ
ǡ֡Ǽ򵥣Ͳʲô似֮ǰѾˡ
ҪĶˣĵӿ˵ʱŹ¡
ʱܳԣ
һʮ㣬δɱʱ˶֮ӡǹа֮иһġԪ˿
ھͶŹҲмİӮ
ӮŹܵõһѪ֥ҵѪкôŹսթ֪ڶʲôıԸңս˳ҹζࡣ

ʱţתۼ䣬˻ʹᵱ졣
ʹŵƽʣɭϣڻʹɵϣ˳׵ĺ̺ɸѡǣΪͷϸ־µʳ
쵽ģῡܣ丮ǰʮ֮ӣ丮ĺĵӣһЩȻʵһ㣬ȴǴſǧСƼڴˡ
֮⣬ӣ̫֣ȫ
죬ȴǣҫҲǣȵʹʹʲôˣڳıͶ֪顣
ϼݵ
̫һ̺ͨվŵĹǷ׷׹£ڳˣֻҪɡ
̧ͷȥֻһͷǱڣצۣŵŽѥ߻ߵ˴
Ȼװ䣬ȴβסü֮ǳĺ۾ϵƤѾʼɿ壬޽һЩ˰ߣȥʮˡ
߱ǵ˹Ļʵᣬò࣬һֱӣӳɳʱѾߵյ㡣
⻹ǵһμ˹Ļʵۣʵϣûпʲôֻĺ
ȻкͣʼĿˡ
ᣬֻʣ¸ˣ⻹ǿҩ;ĵάģҪѰյ̶ȣѾˡ
ţƳվİ׾ƣİ׾ƣһɫƺʧȥݵʣԵЩǺߣһ׾ƴڨȻ׾Ȼһ䶼ûȥ
׾ơڵʲôȻ֣û̫⣬ʱĽ϶һ֭׾ƵߣܸɴİੲݵƵһߣƽ㣬ôˣ
û¡׾ǿЦЦ˵ĵĻʱ̫౨Ⱥϻڳ״ŷ˵
ͨ׾˲ֽű䣬ϻŷȻ
ϣ;Ҹ볡׾Ԫе˵
ʲôĽϲԡ
㣬ˣ׾Щˡ
ΪΪʲô
ŷݶһɫǣ㻹ǵϴ̫˵ҵĻѾԼôΪ
׾һ˵ĽϻȻ𣬵̫ϣ׾ƿЦ˵Ҫ޸ĽϷȤ׾ƣԼΪβޣ׾˵ĻѾ޷ˡ
Ľϻ֣԰׾Ƶݵλô޷ĻԭԷȳϵ״ӣ
״ӵĵλʹ͸丮ƽΪ״ĳϹϵУʵʹ͸ҲҪ֡
ĽȻƽʱûûΣһ첻£زµӣȴҲףˣͲĽݼܹġ
Ǿô뿪׾һȴĲ̣ƽ㡭ҡ
߰׾Щˣϻڵϲľò˫˫ڵŮĽһŷݶ֣ʮа˾Żᱻˡ
Ľһҧ촽ͷ򹬲޿첽ȥ


147 
񣡡ĽҧгݣȻڻʹУǳ춼ģֲ֮ǰȴݶˣͶŷݶһߣŮˣ
ŷݶĵ˳˵Ŀ⣬ʵҲ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ŷݶĿ⣬ȴһʱϣһ˿ζЦݡ
ŷݶ΢΢üλ߿λߵ񣬴һϷŪ
ŷݶߵ̨ǰĿһɨڰ׾ơ꺭϶һͣ˲ʱ뿪
΢΢һͣð׾ļ٣⣬꺭Ҳڣ
£Ѿ丮ĺĵӣȻݱŷݶͣǹƾƷ츳ͷŷݶʵˣϾҲܳΪĳλϵ״ӡ
꺭ͲͬˣŷݶǰޱԼı
ŷݶɤӣ˵ܸ˹ܸ˽ܽʶ˹ĸӢǡ
˹ҪΪ˿˹ķչʵһ¹ڵܡ
⣬˹ʹڣʹݴˡ
ŷݶ˵׾ֻǰһΣŷݶȻҪ˹ʹ
⡭ֱǻĲٻϢ
ѾԤϵδİ˳ŮجΣ
΢ŮĽϣ꺭¶ΪŷݶĿ꣬㶼㲻
̫ˣŷݶ˹֮ǰѾкĿ꣬Ľϣ꺭ѾΪˣ
֮ĻϣĽͬŷݶĿףҲûˣŷݶ˹ʹǳġ
ĽҧгݵɫǣҪǸҶңҾͰӼƣ
̫Ϣͬɫ̫ãȻ֪ʮٰģŷݶĽӷٰ죬ζʲôȻѾǰŷݶǣˣ
죬᲻ϧŷݶݣôǧ֮У˶ļ壬Ϊŷݶʹ˶ҵ˿ɽ
ֻ֪ŹߵĺܽʣѾγˣʹ˽ɵˣȻˡ
ŹĹͬˣ
ŷݶʮа˾ŹģΪǶɽֻǲ֪ŹΪ˵׸ʲôۡ
뵽һȡ֧֣ΪԼѾӮһ룬ڲżʶŹֶΣһеɷ̡
Ź񣬶׷ˣôΪĳ־ԴУ
ע⵽ֵɫ仯Ź񴺷ףʱҲŷݶ˵ԵɣҲΪʲôŷݶһţһèϷŪԼ
ԭˡˡɫ䣬ɳȵϡ
ʱŹҡӣ΢Ц̫ӣ̫ĺܽŹĿһֱϣĿе̺Ц⣬ŷݶһޣͬèϷӵ飬Ӳ˵ͬǾŹĿһ˿ɱ
̫ӵ¡Ź΢΢
ŹӡȻк޲ɱŹ񣬵ɱ΢Ц
̫ӵ£ƺС̫ӸϣŷСһ棬֪ΪΣ
ŹȻѹ̫ߣ
ȻѾ޹أŹһͼ֮ģȴоһֻͷӬΧԼһʤ
Ź˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ָ˺ЦݣǱǸѾС뿪ˣСȥ֪
ŹǺһЦ£ҽȻҪˣȻѾõȷеϢ˲ϲĨǵģҸһҸ棬¶ŷ˵ҪŷѾʾ£һ˼ϣ뵽λУֻҪ̫ӵ½£ôŷ˻̫ӵĶλ֮У֪̫Σ
Ź˵ɫһҪ̾Źеݶ
ҪԼ̫ӵĹϵ
һƣѡʱʮ
ڵǣ̫ҪŷݶˣΪŹΪУôͲŷݶʮӵõһδʹ֧֣̫Ĵ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵̫֣û棬ŵ˴ù
ҪĳЩˣʱͼŰһ߿ˡ
ʱŹ׳ŷݶնȴ̫֪ƣȴ޷ܾΪŷݶʵ̫ˣ̫ӲΥ
ŹУνݶһһĹ
׵ʱõӣ֮ôңΪǿʮӺҲΥ棬ױֱ壡
ŹͬķԸŷݶҪ޷ͨ丮ĿˣһҪʧȥ̫ӵıӻͬ³
Ź˵ⷬҲ޷ٱִˣ뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˡ
ŹСˣŭһۡ
ĮȻ±̫ӵ¾ģҶȨµľжɡ
һ򶨵˿߳˺ˮԤе⽫һҪľѡվһѡڵ˹ʹŷݶ
Ĭʮʱ䣬ֵʮܣʮܣʮܣӰҲʮܵʱѡվҵߣ֧˴֮еңѩ֮̿ģԹŵۣһʺһһܵϻλҶһӳΪ㣬ӰΪĸʾ
һϯ˵ļ䲻ʳϣ˵˳΢΢һͬû뵽ֻͻȻ˵ⷬ
£ֻܼվһߣȥѾΪʹŷݶƾˣˣֵһ
ӳΪ㣬ӾΪĸӳΪݽ棬ӾΪܳ
ֵϴͳ˹ļ磬ļ嶼Ȼϣһþ
Ŷô˵ǲ㽻ˣŹ΢Цʵ
ʱŹԶŷݶҲЦݣֻЦݣȴмζ
˵С㲻ڸϣ
Ǻǣ̫ӵô˵ɸȥѲһأ

ٺ٣ҵȻȥѣŷ˵أ
Ź˵̫ɫһ䣬ŷݶҪѣȷʵûκΰ취
ʱĻҩζѾŨˣע⵽
ʱͻȻ˵ŹӣͻȻ֮仹һԾ
뷨ܼ򵥣ŹȻɵ˶ԸԼôΪǿϾ;ȰŹˣйҲ治ˡ


148 ղײ
˵һˣǰһԾҪұĶģϧƺءϧҹ£ҪǰȰݼϻŷӴˣŷҪʽļӣϾԾˣ֮ҵõŷϵĴܻ࣬Ҫܳһʱ䣬ӲҪҴ򣬾ֻ֮ܳˣ֪Ҳأ
Źʼ΢ЦѾ˺Ĳ֣൱İձڰ֮ھսһáϻ񹦡еľ׹ǽȺݶʽ˲мӴԵ
ҶⱲ޴ľˣһʮСëӶѣһϣ
Ů˱ȥ¯ŵ̳䣬书ʧʧȥˣʧȥĸͬʱ壬ȵʱôԸôԸ㣬һֽţһڸȦУÿιһʳǰߵŮˣҪɱ㣬
ŹйδĲǷһ˿ҪĲǸɵҪң硣
ڳŹĻŹĽթʱԤĸ֮ڻһµʱ䣬Źǡڰºȥݼŷӣܿƻõġ
֪һ֮սûӮԱھԾ
ڳ֪ŷӺŷݶĹϵŹ˵󣬷׷׿ŷݶŷݶ΢΢ͷ֤ʵϢ
Ź֪ʲôֶδŷӣʱҪӡ
ܲʰŹѾơ
ΣܱĿƨǿɣֻҪӮͻͨͨˣԪҲͨˣΪ̫谭ҿŹڲְõȦף͵ˡ
ǺˣŹҲģֶΣҪûˣ͵ˡ
֪ԣкϷˡ
Ҫˣϴεɱ󿼺ֻǵѣǰĲ̫ˣͲһģڰ׷ҲģοŹˡϻ񹦡ʵôûн
šҲôá
п˽š
΢΢һЦеĲ룬˵֮ʵҪ£ղײգͽɣھȥУΣ
ţ
ŹȻһ
ˣھҪԾ
һ˵ȫбͶסˣ֡꺭ˣҲʼδ
ǰøոսɱ󿼺ˣɼɼȻѾ񻰣Ź񻹲̫Զˣôʱھ׷
ôֱ
ղײգûŹˡ̫Ȼб£ǱϾ̫СԲ죬һСô⻷Ͱ۾ɱˣͣΪԼһ޵ˣҪԸͷˡ
ͷһȥ㲻þˣŹº֣»׼ᣬʹ˲зϣ÷
Ż֪ʯǰĵĲжΪܽˣĸսŹ޿丮ģ˼ʲô۹⣬µʱô˵ڲµʱѣҪսŹ̫ˡ
һ˵ʯĵĵӣȻԼԶھϴο˲ô죬ʵ»û׷أ˵Źˡ
Ƿ׷ţڳ˶˳ǵῡܣвٶһЩʵ˼ǰͲÿʹ˱Ź˲ͨ丮ˣ֫мպΪܵӰ죬Ӵ˴̳䣬һ겻
֣˼̫ӾһѰסĸ첲ԪҪ£ҪǴŹȻ֣ŷݶֹˣҲ̫ܵسͷ͸޼ɵˣп֣
ֹУʵ£ƴʮΣգĲС˲еĻ丮ҲᴦҲһ丮³ȴŹ˵Ͳʲô
£⼸ҵʵнӮŹҲȫ˵İա
һ仰˵꣬Ķ꺭׾ơԪ˼࣬һȰҪ¡
վŮ΢΢һЦʾԼû¡
ڳĶǵ֮ǵ۹ʵ׼ĲֻɱĻȷʵڰ׷Ź
ɱֻǰʮѣõ㹻Ļ֮ڸ֣ʼĥԼʵһɾûŹ
ο⼸ʱУа֮ɣ֮ӡҲɹ˿͡Ԫͻƣʵɲһ㡣
һ˵Ǵ򲻹ŹҲڱĶֶϽţȫõġ
ŹȻһЦаȻҲòȫˡ̫СʱͳδǺ£δ´һɺزٺ٣ұһ취ĻǵҪڰ֮սңڿȴǲˣɵƣȻ¶ȲˣôŹȦȻˣһԸȦ򣬶࣬úд㣡
뵽ŹԼеɱ¶һ˿ЦݣղײգԹӢ۳꣬㿴ΪԼӮ˰ǲھͳȥʽ
Ҳд⡣ЦŹӣǹۣһǾսʱƱ㾡ȫС˶ԷҲİ
ŹٺһЦôģһҺȵġ
ȻҪҺȣСİһŪˣͲô
Це˵Ҳˣ²СŹӣø̻ύѽּС壬̻Ĵǿǵﲻġ
һ˵ڳ˵ı鶼൱ľʡ
˵ʲô²СŹ񲻺ø̻ύ
̫ˣ
ǲ֪ôдģʱҪŭŹһŹҪǲʽ͹ˣҿ˵ϻڵʽƵģ
ڳܴʶǷԺϻڵĹһ˽⡣
ŹЦôһ˵һе°һСıˣ˵Ǻã
ŹеķζʮԣȴȻ΢΢һ£Цǩ״ɣǰ˴˴ˣ׷Σ


149 ״
ǩ״ɣǰ˴˴ˣ׷Σ
ЦĺܲãɵЧáеˣԻǰ״ȽϺá
Źһ˵ֱҪַˣֱԼɵƵģûôɵƵġ
Ҫʲô꺭ˣҲ˲òԪˣֱ˹ǩ״ֱԾĹ
㲻ǩ
ŹǺһЦʲôˣ
ҡ꺭һֱͣ˵ˣǰֻʦֵĹϵ֮ʲôҲǣʲôʸľأ
СҵѣŹҼȻ˵Ҫǩ״Ȼᷴڣñɡ
ãʹ죡ˣķıŹЦ˵
ܿķıһʦүģˣֽϿдһС֣Ź״ݡ
ŹһӡӹɰʣһһӣצġŹ־ͳ״ϣѪɫޱ
ҲӹӡɰʣɫǩԼ֣ıʷ沢ȴ糤ǹһ㣬ɢһɷƣվһԵ꺭ĿīΪıѾ͸ֽı棬š
״ǩ꣬ŹٺһЦԪϵŷݶŷˣ֮ǰ˵õаҰɡ
ŷݶٺһЦԪظôôս㻹Ҫа飿̫Ƶ˰ɣ
ŹСе괬Ҫ޷ĿܣҲκһ֡
㣬ǵ˴ùŷݶ˵ָһһöɫֽٿһӷŹС
ʱɫŷݶַʮΣһĻʮֲۣڳûע⵽Ԫ֪ʮ񣬶ҾŹֽȴע⵽ˡ
ǽָʲôһݣ䱸ŷݶӳĽָضǷŹ֪ʲôƣһսһҪСˡ
ʹУ֮⣬ɫʯ̵أռʮĶһ򳡻
Ϊⳡμ˶ۿˣ֮ǰһµĽϣҲһ۵Ľ䣬׾һ𿴱
Ź񻻵ϵĽ³ۣһװУϣȻһɭɭ˽Ʒѽһǰĵһˡ
ѽ꺭̾һȻǵһ죬ҪԼļƷ
Źֶ˸Ц˵ǵѽôҵлл㣬Ҫ㣬ѽ֪ԼĽ£ʲôоأ
оӦûáǹ֮ϣ֮ӡİɫâѪɵһ㡣
ŹȻû仰֪Լͳ弶ѪҺֶ֮ӡҪ֮һĸо϶ǿҵĶࡣ
ǹûûģ꺭ǹû뵽ΪһʦȻûиԼǹģ
ӵʲô
꺭һ˵Ƿ׷ǹǹûģ
һߵԶԶĿûжǷĹ꺭ʦô˵Ȼûˡ
õȻûеһʱģԸŹô޴飿
ǾͲʵֱŹһףһսûĴˡ
ԶԶģҲעһУü΢ȻᣬԲСӣʱսŹ񣬵ʲôƣ
ٺ٣û뵽Ѿ̶ֳȣõһʱģȴڽԸҡŹ촽ٺЦ
һǹЩ죬æа֮Ͷ֮ӡȷʵûڳǹģҪѼһЩƷϣһֽ׶ǿģųĵǹϾǹҪò̵ʱ䡣
ûҲ̫Ӱ죬ǰڵǹǡ
̤ǰһץסǹǹβȥԸֳܵ˱ըԵǶ֮ӡġ
֮ӡƳɹѾﵽǧٽڵ߻Ҫǿ
ɽ
ƱϿʼɢһǿѹһЩΪ˳ǿܣ̲ס׷׺ˣͺñͨͻʱĸо֪ͻȴҪ̲סˡ
ƣǿƣٶȲУŹǿٶȣѷⳡȶ˵ǿߺٶǿߵ۷Ծڴ
һ丮ĵԵ˵
۷Ծٺ٣丮ǿؿɣΪﵽ͹ǳڣŹٶ죬ؿǿ˴ٶȺ۷Ծ
Ȼţڻ˵㣬ɽΣҴһᱻչٶȵŹתٶȿŹ½ǶŹˡϻ񹦡Ԫñ٣ⳡȶĽԶ׼
һµӵܣЦ˵˹Ϊż˶֮꣬ӦģģϣһܱӴһ겻Ҳ˵ӱ֮һ
ôȥվһᳬŹ񣬵ǾڣսŹ񣬾Իĺܲҡ
ŹһЦ˵ƲϧûãҲףġȭѾˣ
⻰˵ȫһ꺭ˣһĶʱȭǿʽҪŹ񿴴ġȭôӮ
ȻŹĻȴȫ⣬Цսɣƾԣϻ񹦡ˣ˶Ůӣ㵽ڶûܿҵġȭ̫Цˣ
һ˵ŹǸҲǷŭˣȷʵϻ񹦡ڶضûﵽģԼ֮꾿ܴܲﵽϻ񹦡شɣﵽߵĵز
Ļʹ
˲̫ȥɣŹ񱩺һӰһѾʧȥӰӣֻһ̤̤̤ĽŲԼƿп
ÿ죡
죬ҵ۾׷ٶˣܴﵽٶȣ
ڳῡܲʳ֮ԭҲҸоãȻ֪ԼŹв࣬û뵽ô
ôٶȣ۾ϣôԸ
֪Ľ
ŹһٶУֳֹǹһԭء
һ˶ȫӰһȫվǿƣˡ
ŹһЦһһ׼ԴȥĽٿ쵽˼£ˡ


150 
ⶼû壬һҪնˣԴҪˣ
Źһȴˡ
ı·۾ڽһ˲䣬ʮֹǰŲôһС·Ǳ紵ƵģһıܹŹĽ
ţ
Źڱصõһգаὣٴ̣
꣡
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ֻⲻѾýļ߾磬ŹĽȴҲ壡
ٶȿֲĽ⣬˷һ˲䣬Ӱͬģ·ΧһĲӰ
Ӱ֮еǶˣûȻʵǣŹĽһûд
⡭ǡô£ڽпսĽɵˣܼĽУȴˣ
ô£Ȼȫ㿪ˣ׾һԼԵƽ
ֲ̫ˣ
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ҪĽ࣬Ҫ׼ȷ˲жҪƿشﵽ΢ƿκһλһ˲ݶѸٵƶˣܱܿ⣡
һģĲӰΪһ˲̫ݶѸٵƶǵĺĤµʮ֮һӾŵµģ
ֱǷ켫ˣ
Ϊλ
ڳῡܲʶ֮׾뵽ЩҲ뵽ˣǺܼĽǶôѡ
˭˭ղ˵ٶţ۾С˵֮ʯĵĵӣΪϴοʯڹô죬ʵ»û׷Լأڿ뷨ֱһЦ
ôҼǵǰսкٶģӲӲĴ򷨰ѧǡôٶȿˣ֮ǰΪٶӵܲŵ˵
ɵ֮ǰʩչġǹ˭˵ˣǰսϺٶȻΪ֮ǰĶָòʩչֲ
һᶨ֧дʵĻӦ
ƲɽľˣԪҲޱ񣬶ͬʱӵױȵٶȣûһֱ̬սô
еսԽԽңԶŹĽԽԽ죬ԽԽѸͣ⽻֯ˮ
һâУ䣬µʯѾĲ飬ҲָС
Ȼ籩ĹУȴʼͥŲĲȫ뵽˷У׽ȷеλá
ŹĽ⿴ܼȺ΢Сʱ࣬Ķˮ֮·˽ǽĽ罫ˡ
ĽϴĿţ۾ɵԽԽ૵˵ܰͷȻѡֻǡѣôٶȣ
ĽϵʣҲǰ׾ƵʣҲһֱ֣ʲôʱѧô
ʱһ¶ڵõľǡ
Ľתͷһ˵
ʱ룬Ŀ̾
ܣĽϴţҲ˽⣬ȫһҡֱ̬ٶȣ
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ʩչȷʵǡ顷⾳ԪתԲûʲôҪ˵ˣԲȡʤǲ֧ĩˣǿ̺⾳
ڲȻôôһ޶ߵĲôȻһֶߵôʩչˮͥŲ
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˼ҵٶ£˵ĶܴŹĶö࣬ǹһĸ󣬼ʮ֮ŹһԪþʱͻȻ̤ǰһ͵һǹ̳
ϣ
̶Ľײ𣬴ڼ״̬ŹȻסΣĽǰסǹ
Źɲ׼һԪʩչһֵĹƣȴʱһǹ࣡
˿ٵ£ŹĶʮǿĽһ׵ıܿһǹǲ֪Ϊʲôǹ·׼켣һǹ׼࣬Ź񲻵òٽ
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ŹֻڽϹעȫԪһѪҡ
ҵܣѧȵļƷϻӰҵĶҲ޹ɣһǹ̵ҲͰˣôܴô׼ŹһּĴܸУǿȴϱȫѹˣԼʩչۻҵʱϷСùһǹ̸š
㡭ôģ
Ľն˷磬Է㡣΢Ц˵˷֮⾳Ҫ۾ȥŹĶֻҪ֪紫Ϣ˲жϳŹλú켣
ŹȻĻ˼ճ鶯Ū飡
ĺҳԾܺãһóȫʵɱ㣡ŹʳָָһеĳһѪ˽ϡ
ͬʱŹӿʼú̶ɺ֮ɫֱۿʼþӨ·еƻһ㡣
ϻ񹦣Ǻϻ񹦣ڳʱмʶ㷺ϳŹʱʩչĹ
ȵĺϻ񹦰ֻĵӵĹ֮ӶѧģΣˡ
ϻ񹦣Ԫ񣬳Źʩչϻ֮϶ʱһǿƣƲǿȻȴһȽϢУ·𿴵Ļ񼸺ʧء

ڳûм֣ŹƣȴҪԪȫ߶ǿƵϮ
ƾҪǵȫԪֿܵҪŹĹǻôս
ǺϻôŹƣֻǻϸСԪɶϸ˿Ԫ׵ľͽ˺ѣޡ


151 
ϻ񹦣Ҳ˰ɡ΢΢ҡͷ˹ȻҲҳƵһ֣񹦻ǲֵǮ
Źǿǲ٣ǿ͹ǾΪѹںϻ񹦣⹦ԪȻ񣬵
ҲڹĲɲڻ˲ԪֲܳԲˡ
ᣬʵкܿжϣ˿ַһӾͿԽˣ
㳰Цûͻƺϻ񹦵ڶأûľȷʵֻǺϻ񹦵һشɣҾ͹ҿһشɵĺϻ񹦣ܶԸ˼֣
˵棬ְܳɡ
ֳǹǹֱָŹͨһǧٽصǹΪƶ΢΢ţΧĿȻۿɼĲƣ·Ҫ˺һ㣬˿һԪעǹ֮
Źƶײһ𣬷һ̣ͷ·һ˱ͦĳǹɢķŮһŷ
һնŹ񱩺һһɫĹâ·𱻻պһ㣬һĻӰֱ
һٶȲ죬Ȼȴת˲һֿռҵĸоƥĽ⣬ͬʱں˺ϻ񹦵ĹƣԼŹΪٶȡ
ۣ
Źһ̴ؿڣǱеȴʧˡ
Ӱ
ѾУƮһΣû΢˲ΧΪŹʩչϻ񹦺ÿһж̺ǿԪҪСΧܣˡ
˭죡ŹһӰһ˳Ϊת˺ϻ񹦣ٶּӿһأӰӷ·ѾգĽҲӵ磬ⶼˣ
磡
һĽԪײӰдǹâҹ˸ǿƺͳͬһϯȫ
Уʯ綹һ飬ʯмͬʸһɢ䣡
Сģ
УȻ㣬˵ս̫ҿͣŰԪѾȺ
ˣ
ˣ
ڳῡܷ׷תԪסȫһЩûʵĹҲǵĻַı£Ƿ׷׺˵ȫ롣
̫ˣɳʯҪǴϣܴһӵۿһűԪʯУߵʯϣֱһһĶʯͷ
ֻ𾢵ನҪҶð˳ɵԪԼҪҿѾˣ˵һ׽ڵߣֻͨ׽ڣŵ丮Ҳ൱۷ѣ֮ǰֻĴţ󲻳ǿʶˣҲ׽ڶѡ
ٶΪô죿ѡǡôѵμӺĵӿ˺ȴ˵˾ãҲֻȵĶӵٶˡ
ʱһͨӵԥԥ˵ҡôãʩչľǡ
㿪ʲôЦ
˵ģ㿴»ƲϷɣ֣ԾšЩǡеĻŲ
˲룬Ȼٶȼ죬һЩΪӵܻǿĶֻǸûˡ
һ㣬Ƿ׷עĶôֵڳ˴󶼶һЩһȫˡ
ȷʵǡ
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ôܼ似ҲܵôܰѡĹ˵ֻǡǹ͡ȭУΪҲŹһ磬ô
һЩӵܾò˼飬ǵĹУͨʽô似仹ܼ似
ԪΡһԴĮͻȻ
ʻתͷһʱһɭ
丮֮ʦɭˣῡܣȻҲɭֻˡ
Ԫξһι֮УͷųԪ۵ʵʻˣһͨߵһ似
ɭõʯʱ򣬾Ԫˡ
׽ڣԼǰѾֻ̤͹ڣȴҲֻǿԪεżѡ
ңɭԾĻԪΣ
ɭĳ֣˲˵ע⣬ϾɭԶԶǣʦ֣Ԫβ߲ܴﵽôǲ׽ô⡭Ҳ̫̬˰ɣ
ʦ֣ʩչǻɣΪʲôٶô죿
ɭһ˵ʩչģǻ
õɭĿ϶Ƿ׷׵ɭĻȻû˻ɡ
ʦ֣ôô죿
ɭĬʩչĻƺĳֶ˵֮ǰĻֻͽôֶͶһϣˣ

Źʩչ似ԽԽѸͣ似Ҫһʱ䣬Źл֮ǰڽµ֮Źݺ͵λȻȱ߼似֮󣬵ʩչٶȸ죬ŹƵƵʹá
Լ̵ļܴϵĸоΣǲǺˬԾĹ˵ľ˰ŹſĴЦ
ϻ࣬ٶô죬ӭķôͣҲ·ͷ
ߣ
ԽԽ죬ԽԽ̶ֳͣȵս߼ҲҪĲ
նŹעԪ͵̤ǰһʣһ̳ǺϻϴһУһ̳·ˡ
˿
תһǹ̳𶯵Ԫɢȥ糱ˮһŹ˽Ʒǹʩչ˿绢
׾⳱ˮһӿԪƣٶҲӲӳĽУֻΪ˵ֿԪû˼
ȻŹԪȴֻһЦϵԪȻ˷һɣһһ㣬ֱ
ۣ
Ԫ粼һ㱻̿ŹĽֱ룬˲ǰ
ϣŹһǹϣԭֱṉ̀ǿĳΡ


152 а
ŹеĿ˽ƷеֻڵǹĻһֱܰǹ˴̴
ֻһɷƥĴڰеɳȥ˼ԶŽȻѪ
ǿ
òϣŹԪȻǿ
ǹ̵𣬽עԪһƵҺô࣬ŹȻ
ŹЦ˵ķȭҿˣֻҪԪ۳ϸϸһֱԪ֮УͿԵ棡
Ե棿ЦˣлԸԭķȭôһôǶ˿ȴ壬꣬ǧġһССŹܹƽġ
ɣҽҪսŵ񻰣ŹХһгʵĽ·ԩŽתšꡱһ죬ŹµУʯơ
ٺ٣ɣ׹ǽ
׹ǽüͷһ壬ǡϻ񹦡ʮִһУҲǡϻ񹦡һһС
ϻ񹦡ķ似ϣаħνħһʹɲɣ񻯵ֶΣʱڿʵΪֹ߻ħҽƫ棬ʽҲˡ
׹ǽһͷųԩ꣬жԷ壬ԪתȡԷѪ֮еΪģһУܻΪ׹ǣ
ΪǿԪߣһУҲɥʧĻĳή⡢ȫϣ²м
ֲм׹ǵĵرĵرȴĴŶһŪõ
˵׹ǽⱲӵΪͻٵ˴룬ȫˡ
׹ǽȻȴʩչֽУöʩҲᱻԩʴԼ˸ңΪħ
ŹúݶȻһУǴҪٵΪ丮ĺĵӣԾ׹ǽЧǳ˽⡣
һ˵꺭һĶʱˣķȭƺܵѹƣôԿ׹ǽ
ŹĽδ̳е󣬶磬ƺһȺԩֽ֮꣬ϣʱĶ
üͷһ壬ţ⽣оȻӰҵ
ǿһУ㲻ܶĹŹĴЦԭӢѾȫŤԩŹϱķȫɢ紵ĵʱǡһʮĶħ
İɣһһŹаĹֽһһԩ˲ŹĽϣѾȫ˹ǰɫ·ŹгֵĲǽһΰ׹ǣ
ۼһһԪת֮еаӷҵĹâ߶ѹԪɢѪ
а֮
а֮һأԪ˲ɣټ϶֮ӡֻоսȼգ
ˣ֮ǰŹײл۵Ҳ˲䱬ǹϻɨ£
Ʋɵһ壬ϲŵЩӰٶȵԩ类Ӱ٣˲ָ۷ٶȣȻȴûдˣ̺ŵսͬһٽĻɽ뱬
㿴˿

һǹ̳ź¡һ죬µУȫѣһɢȥһʱ䣬·һǹг
Ԫռ·ѹˣµγۿɼĿƣϯŵϵĲשߣͬ籩һɢ
䣡
̺۷һǹײŹľ׹ǽ
һ˲䣬ȫϸСԪһ𵴣Ԫ˲仯ǧɣǧԪͬǧСʳĳŹ
꣡
׹ǽ̺ԩֽ꣬ͬһ㱻Сҧ
ȫһ浹ѹ
ǧԪ˾׹ǽˮһŹ塣
ŹѾﵽ˶͹ڣԪǣڷˣε¾а֮ӳֵǧԪ

Ź񷢳˺ѷεĲҽУദ飬Ѫ֪ܲ˶٣Ѫ忪ƤŹ񳤽֣屻˳ȥתѪһ˵Ѫصˤ˵ϡ
ȫѻȸŹǿһϻ񹦵һľС׹ǽȻһǹ̷ɣ
ٿУ̨һƣʮԶԪɵƻЧ
丮ĸսʤŹĿˣڲ£Ѿ㶨ˣ
Źǿ״̬£һǹ㶨
ǹûоģ
ʵֲ̫ˣϣ¿ȥ򲻿ܵ飬Ҳüпˡ

飬ʧѪŹ沿ŤļҪѣк޵˼£
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ӿһɼΣУ˵׼Źֱ֣ǹ
ಣ
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ۣ
Ź޳ֱͬеĶһ㱬ˣ
ŹԼĶʹ˻ʱһһӡŹĺġ
֣
ס֣
ͻȻŷݶȻһƴŹ
ŷݶһߣӾ״̬ͻȻµӱɢ鿪
ŷݶŹӳа飬ɱаȵ󷨴ʦɱڵߣֶֻдŲУ׽ھԵΥƷ
ŷݶţǱаУɣֻǲҲҪ˻зϡ
û뵽˹ŹҪаʱ򣬾ѾӳǹֱӰŹִ࣡
ڣŹѾʧȥֿ֮ȴҪ֣ŷݶӲϾŹ漰ĴʮӣҪŹˣ˹Ŀľˣ

ۼȻŹŷݶбŭֱԪһ
һƣŷݶ˿û֣Ǵɱ˼
ȻĹ·ߣһƼɱʱٶͻȻǣ
飡
Կа֮״̬ʩչ飬ٶһ˲˼£ȸղŹʱҪһ
˿ٶȣѾԶԶŷݶļٶȡ
ŷݶһֱգ


153 ѹ
磡ŷݶƷУԵʯϣʯķѡ
ͬʱѾ˲һŹԣ䣬һӡŹĺϡ
֣
ԪŹڣΪŹʱȫʧȥֿԪ谭ŹѸɢȥԭյľ͵Ԫķ飬ϵѨҲȫݻ٣
Źƺһֱӻȥ
ͻıڳ˵һȻŷݶӲͻŷݶأһƴŹϡ
ζţٶҪŷݶҪ죿
ŷݶֲֹ̫˰ɣ
ŷݶǳ״Ӱͨߣ׽ڡ
ԪСţٿӰ˾ηǿ־塣
һƶϾ˺󻼣ŲæļŹߵа飬ȻǵһμҲܴ²³ãӦһɱ԰
а飬ԸܵһĿͬʸһԼϣתŷݶˮ
ŷݶδôŭԼѾŭգ޷ܵǣԼȫһȥֹȻһ˦գʧ
ߣʮ꣬ȳ״ӣֻǸ׼ĵӣʮ꣬Ϊ׽ڶѣȻ³ԱһƴգĿСëƤӵ¸Źһػ곤꣬׻ˣ
źδ棿
츳Ͳ̫ڣΪ״Ϊֶϵ棬õľ˱ۣŷݶǿϵΪ˺ĵӣʲô¶ûС
ãõĺܣ㾹ȻҵŹʧȥ˵ֿȻ֣ƾһ㣬ҾͿԷ㣡ŷݶսȭͷĿ޲ý̻ˡ
ޱ飬һеа飬ֱ׳˵ʹˣӦϵɣŹԸңҲ֪ǲǾսģɣⶫǴƳģô֪νʧȥֿô
ʹ˵˼¾ȵŹŪˣųֶԸǸûôСңҪô࣬ⶫôӳ˵˭ãǰɣ
ֲֶöԪֻҪŹһʱⶫӳԣұֻǴѣҸղһƳֲصģ֮ǰСŪŹӵ֣бǸҲǱεġ
һ˵ǳֹˣҸŹ֮ǰѾǩ״ӡˣ˶׷ŷ˲᲻ǵ˰ɣ
дʵ˵һλŷݶ÷
ղһƳֲأ
ŷݶȻһʲôԿ϶ǰһĹͺݶһƾŹеˡ
ټ֮ǰѾŹ֣һȫҳ⽴ǣûö֫ĵرҽβõġŹ֮·Ϊֹˡ
Ź˰̫أݲʧܣο̶ֳȵʧܣ
֮Ŀ»ᱻȫӴһ겻
ŹⱲӣˡ
ƫƫ֣ȴŹǰҪأа֤ݡ
丮ıȶ涨սɱԷڶԷʧȥֿ¹˲жԷ⵽
ڣûɱԷҲûڶԷʧȥֿ˲жԷûΥŷݶץ
ˣսǰǩ״ŷݶë
ˣֶܳԸοʮˣʮ꣬ΪԴСԵ޹ʵĶ֣˵ȥ뵽ûٶŷݶҲûףҪԾԵʵѹƵԷãҪڳּ֮ûܰѶԷƷǾĿײˣĲˣ
ǣֲܾʹˣɨأ
һʱʮأ˭ŷݶ֮ŷĻ𻨣δʹڵʹˣ
ȻôƵһ
ҪΣ˰ŷݶɲǣ丮ĸҪη֡
˾еӣûɳǵŷݶԺ󲻺ûˡ
СЩңŲԡסŹ񡭡ôŲԡ̫ҲۣŹ۸͸ʵһǶģ
ʵһû˵Ǿʮ
һѹţֻǰЦǺǵģ˺Щ˺ģŲԡסŹȫ군ˣʮǣȸ̫ܴһһ졣
ڳ̬һЩǵģǱֻͲÿŷݶ
ȻϾŷݶȵƳϣǿǴ˵еһпɽգԺɳڣҲҶŷݶ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬰׾ȴҧ촽ĬĬĿоǸ֮ɫ
аʱ䡭ΪТֻаˡ
Т֮Ҳŷݶ֮ա
׾˿ָһԼΪصүүеӾܾ£ָŷݶ
ȻŷݶûиԼ˵һ仰ֻΪʱ˶ѣ׾Ʒ׽ŷݶԼʱһ˿̰а
׾ƱѾˣڣȴŷݶΪС
һ˲侾
Ƿ񡭡
Ƿôٷ֮һĿܣܹȳӡ

У֮ϣŷݶһÿһƾͱǿһ֣·ĽŲ̤ĹĵϣɵĹָоʮܡ
Ȼ֣ܳҾͱ
ŷݶţȻҪƾѹֲ֧סò
ŷݶĺϻѾ˵۷壬ֻһͻƵˣҪŹǿĶ࣬һַ̤ҵĻͬˮһӿȥ
ŷݶΧվŵ̲ס׷׺ˣƼĹ죬ֻǱǾ͸еǰ׷ףʧء
ˣСģһԼѾһմ״ˮҪˣҪҡôҡûãֻñ뿪ŷݶֵķΧ
ܶȨ׼ΪܵûУȻֿסŷݶƣȻһЩڡڵҲܣǲòȫԪֵŷݶƣһЩΪģҲˣɴչˡ
ȵߣȻǿ
ǻֻǱѣѾ㲻ãеȴ׵壬Եѹ֪
ǵǺòڷһסԼԺʶĿͶʱȴĿɿڴ
ֻûƵģ˫ֱأվڳ룬ǹڻ飬·ڿŷݶˣһ㡣


154 
ϻ񹦡˵һаĹϻ񹦡ͷųа죬һ߱Уֲ֧סԺл¶̬
֮쳣ᶨġԪƥҲɽԣЩ˵һЦ
Ī˵ŷݶΪֻڣﵽ쾳ҲӦ
ǣֳͳ״̬ƾŷݶδ߶ƣΪʹŷݶͷ·һС
ǷһĻ󣬶ɵˣŷݶѹȣȻûоƵģ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ⱥ֮еİ׾ƴʱӰͬû뵽ֲѹ£ȫͬƽʱһдһһеơ
ŷݶѹȣ˵ͷ·ɻȥ
֮ǰŹսڣƶǷƥ޼᲻ݣ糤ǹһ㣬նһС
һ̣׾ƵĪļ
ƽسɽ
սʱâ£
ҲӮ
뵽׾Ƶ̲סץס죬΢΢١
ֻʱվĽ̫ƫûע⵽ı飬һֱԴߵĽϡ

У֮ϵԽǴݣŷݶԽɨء
һЩ˶ÿȥˣŷݶôճ
λ̶ֳȵˣصľ棬ǳĴ
Ҳ̫̬ˣҾôŷݶƣһ£ŷݶ̨˽۵
ĽǡƲƲ죬Цһĵֿסŷݶƣŷݶ϶׷ŹղЩˮģĿ͵ļһһ̬ٳһͷһ
ԽԽţ鵽һѾ޷ճˡ
ʱͻȻһЦЦ쳣񣬸ճʱ·ںԶתۼ˵Ķߡ
ǻûӦһˮƮݵİɫۣбһѳٵӱ˵ǰ
޳ŨüĿֻôվţ±ȻȻ¶һƮݳʣ̲סη֮С
һ֮ŷݶͷųѹȻɢʣ˵ʵҪŷݶǿ̫ˡ

д󾪣Ҳټ丮ĸƮʵޱȣѾں۷ͣ˺ܾã˵Ѿֻ̤ˣ
ⳤͻȻ֣ŷݶǳ鶯һ£ƣⳤ丮ĸ
ڼ֮ǰֻһʦڣʱѾʮˡ
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ţȵĳ϶Ϊ֮𾪣ϰĻƽʱվһʧ̥ǣʱ˼ƿķ˹丮УľѰͻơ
ŷӣڱ˵ϣ˰ɣΣ
΢Ц˵һ׺崺硣
ŷݶ΢΢Ĭ˵ٸô˵Ȼ׷ˡ
̨ףŷݶȻ˳ˣŷݶҲм־ηһ죬Ǿǳˣϵ츳δزᳬ塣
СֵܣǸġ˵һҲûôģһͨѪֻӤƴС֥С
һӣѪ֥·һķ
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Ѫ֥ѾǳٸߵѪ֥ڷͺҵˣֻһЩԣɽʹвѰ١
Ѫ֥ݹ꣬ľῪʼŨСİѪֻ֥ˮưСѪ֥СӤƴС
ȻСŨȴǾѪ֥ԲѪѪʢ֮
Ѫ֥ʥҩ
ڳǣɢźѪ֥̲סĶһЩʿˮʥҩǮҲ򲻵
֮ǰʱǹѪ֥鵤ҺȻˣȴûΪܵõڣѾõˣҲпˡ
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Ѫֽ֥䣬֮ǰаҲ˳Ȼ㻹ŷݶ׼ŷݶΪҲҪοŷݶҲԸ͸Źġ
ŷݶȻע⵽Ķɫ̰аҲҪòУҵʱԼը˲źã
ΪŹľսԭѾȫʧȥ壬丮ĳֳ֣մﵽһ߳
丮ĸ˵ͬʵ۶ڰգȨο˵ʵھ˹ľסƺߣǰҲԶˡ
ŷݶʱѾȫûٴȥ˵˼ȥ
ҲҰװֻǺ˼裬Ҳȥˡ
һᣬȻԭĿȫǲμߴ²ĸν߳𣬿Ǵ񫡣
ȻҲвأʮû뵽ŹһͿأһֻ֡
ŹҪŪϣԼˣո£Ѿô군ˣŹάϵŷݶϵŦûŹŷݶδػ֧ˡ
뵽зࡣ
ֱеĿǡ
Ȼصˣ̻żҼŷˡ
ŹͻʱŷѪɱ죬޲̽ʬΣǣŹͬϾ̻ƶˣܱǣԸóȻ֣ùľ̻ᡣ

ص丮סֶˡŷݶ̻ᡣ
¶޲Լء
뵽ԳЦЦΪԽԽߣĵҲԽԽǿ
ôˣǺ裬ǣΪЩ֮д۸ӵϵΪԭҪԸȻ¾


155 ΢׻ɱ
͵ˣûʲôˣֻŷݶ΢Щֶѣ̻ҵ¡
̻Ͼֻһ֯ĵǲ٣ȴҪ丮Ĺ
ŷݶͲͬˣ丮Ĺ򣬰ȴԶԼɱ֡
̻밵ɱԼǴ丮ۣȻ鷢̻ܿꡣ
ŷݶɱԼǾͲͬˣŷݶȳϳҲκβֻҪĲۼ֮ܿܲ
ҪСŷݶӵ㹻ʵ֮ǰ
֮Լʵ
룬ֽóаѪ֥
Ѫ֥ż̷֮ǰµĺ赤ͽ߳൨軹ЩҪһʱ䣬Ԫȹ̷ЧȽϺá
а飬ȻһƷƺСӣȻֵơ
öӣҪһЩо÷
۴Сͨɫ漫⻬ֱԲ󣬿ʲôر
СĽ̽⵽֮Уһ̽⣬һ
ţ󷨣
а̺ĸ·
ķȫͳһϵ󷨣ƺڡţˡ
Ժй󷨵ļ䣬ɲֻķһ֡
ʱڶνħռ䣬յƬһʦܣʦ󷨵ļȫûȥѧϰ
ҪԭΪڵΪûóЩ
ԭţԼ֮ٿʼѧϰЩ󷨣ڣа飬ȴޱȵĶ
󷨻ô𡭡
а飬š
ˣа飬Ͼһ߶ѹ˵׻ɱ
ԭΪӦòõĺܴȻ󱻶˽Уܷ󷨵
Ǹʦܣ󷨵ļҲˡ
ǴܼеȻӷ࣬Ļ޷ɱ󡢻󡢷ȵȼ֡
ñסˣɱɱˣöԷڻþԶѲɱԷ壬õڻþ֮Уӡ֮á
֪󷨿һССӳȥˡ
̺ɱ󣬾ɱˣ̺˻󣬾öԷΧ׳ʡ
ս֮УʵܴһͻȻӳһǿ飬ôܱܿıս֣
˼밡о飬вҪ̾ˡ
ȴ꣬ʦ߸ˣͬһרо󷨵ġ
Ȼ̺еҲһȷģܴ½ˡ
⻹һηܴ½ûеĶ
κһλ棬ʷһ㣬ҲСϾӿֳŲ֪ж٣
ⶫҲһûУֻܿʦûѧˡ
ޱȣʲôûѧ̫ˡ
Ϊо飬λʦܹ󷨵ļϸںһ飬һںϣһʱ䣬ֱڶͣе硣
ԭˣ֮У׺ͻμԪǣ׻ཻͻըʹ÷пըԼ
СС̺ǿըĻ¶Ҫˣ
ֲŷݶõʱ¶˹ɫǰͲԼԼըɡ
ںϼ䣬иãѾȫŪһİһƷа飬ȻаҪСĶ࣬ҲǶԸһµߡ
󷨵ĸӳ̶ȱй֮޲ҪȡһĳɾͣҪߵ飬ҪͶľʱ䣬ʱȣ󷨣ֻȷһˡ
Ȼ۲Ͼ֮ֱʵҪķѴʱѧϰֻʱˡ
ôʱоһЩĽаķܽаɣȻҪָĽͬҪ㹻󷨻Ŀǰ޷ˡ
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ôһˣٹһЩĻ
뵽ǲһͷǲġ

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Ƭɽλھɽ߰
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158 
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ľˮߴɱеɱһжֲ֧סΣڵϦɱἰʱֹͣתԺٳ˵顣
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аеѹԪ֮׵֮ల£па֮档
ʱԪִµʦܣ㻹ðɣ
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аԷ׵֮Ҳ·Ӧ
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ˣִʦʵǹµġ

ʱһһţʱôȻȥ
ʮѶȵԪУԭִĵѾͳͳʧֻʣ¼ϸ΢ĵǽ֮أ˸š
֮УаѾ˻ƶСıҲһ㾧Өɫԭİɫһ𣬾Ө͸
аӵΧе⸡֣ʵĵ֮Уһϸ緢˿ɫ߿ٵĴţʱΧаתʱΧŻϷ·һ㡣
飡
Ԫҵ׵֮۳һ˿飡
дϲȻ𾫸ӵԵ֮١
аеһ˿飬ζ޳ɳĿܡ
Ԫ̺׵磬վȻͨ׵磬ֻǿ޷ɳ
һǣһ˿âг˳ɾ͸С
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ִ¼ֱ޷ʵ۷Ҳܼôõģ


160 ׻֮
ִ¼ֱ޷ʵ۷Ҳܼôõģ
٣и޶Ȱɡ
׽ھͱȵ۷壬ϺˣҲ̫˰ɣ
һֱֲסԪҳڵȵˣԪлǺ޶
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ذɡѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ֻټԪҾʣȼϸ첲ϸȵĵڹӲд׵Ѿɡ
۾ȷԼûۻǰɣԪأ

߳ȣˣȲһ
ȻеȻֲ̺ȴһţ޷ôڣȴֻҪԪԪͷų綼
һֻ׵糤ôڵĵطô͵ĸ
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ǹһɫǹ϶һɫߣɷǺÿ
ҽԪ׵Ԫͬʱ߶תа֮Ԫǿɣأ
˼һڴ߶ֿ֮ʼ߶аеĻ𾫡
ʱаӸ߶ѹ֮ɽһ
һֻ棬һཻͬ壬ͬıң
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һ˲䣬оЩƲסˣȥܻᷢΣա
ҪǿջԪʱԺһͻȻалԭ
뷨ͷһеЧаĻ᲻аһ
ȻǿѾ˼ޣóȻʵ϶ΣգȴѹƲסǿҵͷ
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ڶգ֮ⷢıըȴǴŷݶĶС
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ŷݶǰЩѾϵǸŵڵӣŷݶϲǣԷѾֻ̤죬ʵѾŷݶˡ
һֻſĸ֣ԸΪֻ׽ڵֱѴ֮
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161 ̷Ѫ֥
һھа֮ԪʣЩȻΪûӶ٣Ǹʵȴ
ǰһֱȱ似ȻԪٶ죬۹ȴԲ㣬ײĽ׻֮ϣаԭԼ似
һ似Ϊ׻ɱ
׻ɱай֮޲ڣֻҪǶ۷ߣҶһƴ֮ˡ֪ʵڲýͣ˵ԴĿûţͽұѹֶΰɣڲΣյʱʹá
׻ɱȻͣһдܳɵԪ̫һʹãñ֤ܽԷһлɱΣˡ
ţʱǰȼһŴ
ϺɫĻһţһȻ丮ĸ
ݺܼ򵥣ɽּһ档
ǹǰɽ֡
ʱѾҹҹɫĻǹҫҹһɱ֮
⣬ֻһ٣Լվţ뷢裬һɷǡ
һ
ţҽսм顭תɴǹ׺ʮֵ
ָһһһС
ӹһһɫƣ׭дš֡
Ѳǡ
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⣬ǰ޹ɽһƬˮΪأ̺ŴԪ֮Ժµߴкôܹͻڡ̺Ԫ֮ޣÿҲֻܹĸʹãҺòΪҪλᣬҪϧȡΪϸһ
ٹЩӣڻ԰˹ڵļҵ丮пˣʱϣڿ˴ϣΪ˹丮һ档
ɽһԻ޹ɽЩӡɽһأɽظ⴦صڡ
һأÿ겻֪ж˶ţ޹Ҫ˹Ķ࣬ߵҲֻ࣬ĸɽȻֵԼ
޹丮ҲԸóԴ˹ɣʲôֶҪһ
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ѵԸ丮Ŀˣ˵Ҫ
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ס˵丮ĵӣĻִȵȣҪ丮ǼǴǼǣе޹ʧ̫õĻ丮ҪֵˣΪ˱֤丮ӵİȫ
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ڴϣеƣǹĸоǻ֮ȥ
ٸǹѪ֥鵤ҺҩѾǶҹذмˣξȻһȥصĻᣬؿǻ޹ԴҪõλᣬҪһЩӦĴ۰ɡ
븮׷ǹʣΪչңѵֻΪδǰ;ʵЩǣǿˡ
üͷĶ̫أܳͬʱҲЩɡ
ʱ뿪丮϶Σգô˵ҴҪСģҪ٣й¶ȥ˰ɱҳ쾡ʵʵҾһԱİˡ
ţóֽеѪ֥
ԪѾϣǰ¼ƷҩĸȫɾˣʱѪ֥ˡ
Ѫ֥ѪΪ
һ̵Ѫ֥֥ͨڸиľƣýãѪ֥ԵڳѪһ㣬
θУĸоһʢѪųθ˾Ѫܣ֫ٺ
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ѪĲӿ룬ͷͣ׷죬ſڶ³һ
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ȻƤѪʹֻԸͷΡ
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תԪڴһʱֱɫϵĺŻȥѪ֥еѪѾ߰˳ɡ
תԪԪԿһ顣
ĿգԪˣǿܹɵԪࡣ
Ԫˮôˮأ⡢ࡢ׽͹ǡˮһδμɵԪȻҲԽࡣ
ΪȻûǻѪͬһȼյĻ¯һʢͺñȣˮرȱ˴һȦͬΪ£ɵԪҪȱ˸һЩ
ˣѪʢҲǿ㣬Ҳ
ȻΪûʵȴһء
Ҫˣôһʱ䣬ٴʵ̫ʵܰǹá
õǹڣΪæټϲңڶûġ
ǰʦᷢ˸ʾҲ֪ϴռ˶١
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⡣
ʦᣬ꺭ѾȫãһУԱͲ˵
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Ĳϣĳ̫Ӳ˱ģĳǰ׼ұġ
˳ǰ׼ҡ׾ƣ
оȣĲϣȻ󣬵Ҫڶʱ룬ҲҪһǮҪòٹϵ


162 
꺭ʦͲʱûʲôҪôʲôķ֮ġ
꺭ʲôû˵ǰѲϷˡ
Ŷа׾ƵĴӡôô
꺭УЩӾ뿪˳ǣѾϵˣ丮µĳ٣ƶʱ䲻ˡ
оƣǳ봫ţҪǰվʹá
٣֣丮ʱʮֱ󣬰׾ƵʲôҪµļ٣
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ͻȻһĿֻһɳ죡
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Ԫǰһ֣ס˿磬۾עǰߵıӰ˼֮С
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һӴܴϸоһ˿޵һ˵黭дɾ͵ˣǾӣĻ黭Ծ
ֻһɾһһҹһһҹʱ䣬ϢʱѾɳǧˡ
Χľɫ˹ϲٽϽġ
֣ûֱɻ޹˵·ٶȣ·Ҳʱѡ
ѵΪ˰ȫɻ˵һַǳȫʽˣķи߶ǧϣɱֺء
ֵطɱʬײһֲԤУ䱸ϵае׻֮ϣ߶ѹĿֲ԰
ʱһֱ߶ȼоȻһݣоǰɢһɱɱǶԼģ
ʱ֫䣡
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ǰǱûü뿪丮
ǿƣЩɽĹȣѾ羵һȾľ磬˵ΪҲﵽ˰벽죬ҵĻӦòѡ۵ļһ֮Ѿ뿪丮ˣҪģʱڲԲ⡣
ţֻҪڣٰɱ׼һˡҪ𹤶ֻ֣Ҫˤͷˣ˵һ׽ڵСӣǺ֣Ҳ군ŷݶЦ˵
丮֮Уһ֣ͻᾪܶˣ˳ɱˣ֮Ҳܿʲôۼ˳ҳ֡
һ뿪丮뿪˳ǣͿ˼ļһ丮Ҳ޴Ӳˡ
Ͻģ޶޾ˤ˺ܿͻᱻ޳ԵͷӶʣ£ɱԽʬ𼣵ĺõط
ŷݶ촽Ȳ𹤴Ľݱˡ

Ͻġ
ϵͻȻǰĵ߷һĿµڷͻȻһצӳϣ񱳳£ֱˤȥ

һץסᣬһ壬ץס˵ϵƤ⣬һһǧٽǹѾġ
Ȼǿôܵסһǧٽ
ץź󱳵Ƥһʱ۵ֱУĴų򣬵һһڴֱµ
ٺ٣Բסˣԩ޳ֻ˺ô֣Թҡ
վϣٺЦţϵĵ̣Եø
˭ɱңʳԼͷˣԣεĵطǾΣȴ˵
ǰɣûȤϻͿɣ

仰Уͷһѵ
ʱѾݲϸ룬ǰĻͻȻһĿµȻһתֱɱ
·ɣ𹤴ӱϳһ͹ĳһץŵ񱳵ն
ϣ
ǹ𹤶ƴһǡ
Ȼ۷ߵʵǿһǶƴֻеһɴ漱ٷɳ
šһ죬ٺ˵ֱӽ񱳺һƤӲ˺ˡ
񷢳ĲҽУǧɸ߶ȣֱȥ


163 һ̣
һĻ𹤵Ƿһ˿ЦΪ޷У˵Ǻ۷ĸ֣ǧɸ߶ˤȥҲҪǣ
ɱ̫ˣ
Ȼȷǻ𹤻ǼԦ׷ȥһҪȷҪɱԽ˵ģöֽǰǹǺöôһʲƸȻܴˡ
Ӹ߿׹ٶȺ֮죬ת˲֮䣬Ѿ伸ʮɸ߶ȡ
ڿеľҷУȫ𹤵Ӱһ̣ǰδе侲
ֻ̤ĸ֣׻ɱҲԴ򲻹ڷΪʤĻֻһ
ɱң汳
ץǹǹβų߳ǹȥǹϺ˸ɱ磡
ӭ洵Կ磬Ԫת͵һ
֮⾳飡
˫ۺչһεƾɣٶȻ
ڿ綴֮⾳ʱͿУУοʵǣһӵˮ
һҧȻθߣֱ𹤶ȥ
׷Ļ𹤴һҲû뵽Ȼڰн
ôܣ
ǼʶŷݶҲû뵽ѾС
ձ֪Уֻ߲ƾԪУǳʶ
ѵСӴﵽ쾳磿
Ժһ˿ͷȴ˲
ܡڻһĹѾ嵽ʮ֮ڣֳǹ˲䱬

ббһǹҸֱ̳ȥһʱ䣬Ԫ˺˿ɫǹͬһֱ
͵ػعһһǹ
ȻڴʱǹȻһǹ棬ֱȥ
⣡
𹤴󺧣ȻĹĿͲ
ûĻӰ˾Űɵĸ߶ˤȥͷˣ
ȥ
ŭһһնȥѾȼһֻҪִһǹĻԪҲԻشɱ
ȫĴ򷨣Ϳ˭һЩ
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һնգҲĹֻҪû£䵽ϣռ˾ơ
Ǿʱ˼һĻˣȻٺˣеǹȴȻ쳤֮ǹ
ʮɳǹͬѩɫƥһͳķļܱǡǹԪ۳ǹһֻ֣ҪԪ㹻ǿǹͿӳ
ۣ
ǹĴ壬бķΣ
֨񷢳һҽУȻʧȥƽ⡣
ԪΣ˿
Ͳ𹤰ᣬǹһﵽγ̶ȵԪȻǧԪǧһڣȫ飡
ۣ
Ѫ

˫Ŀ죬̤ʬȻһ֮бȥͬʱзһХһֻ
ܿͼ˫һչһԪǹ̵ֱֱָڶֻȥ
ס֣Ŀѣֻˣ
𹤴һ屬һһӳţ·նȥƺĺɵ̫֮⣡
һսʱͷ͸֧ʹóһУȣƻǻɱһأ
ۼȵĺֱ˫ۺչ֮˫һķʽ̤նУһɳȥ
ǽеĿвŹõǷ֮⾳ϻȻߵȼ似ԲȡʤǲûԼĲ

Ȼ𹤹̺ʵ̫ǿ󣬼ܹ˺ȴȻЯ֮粨һʱѪӿ巭бɳȥ
𹤳ûӳһޣצϣ½ٶȻ
ڷ֮УƳһĻд󼱣ʱ䲻ˣѾֻİɣ
ֽǹֽ䣬һǧٽʱ࣡
һԪ̤գֱֻȥ

ץޣһбȼһһֱ
𹤲Ϊһֻſľ֣ڰƣȻܽƹ

𹤲ִٻӳһȻޱǿǹǹһ嵹ɶȻԪ뷢ȫ
ڿеɣһһԪѹзѪ۾ʮ룬Ѿǹܹļޡ
벻ˣ
һҧһĨֽ䣬Ȼֳһѳǹ
ǹ˳߰˴糤ǹɫǹͷѪ죬Ѿܾò˵Ĺǹ

һ߰ǧȻԪעǹУ׼͵һǹ
ಣ
ǹƿ⵶̻һХǹٵĿֲ
ʱ𹤸ոһϣ徢ѽߣڰи޴ֻĿһǹ˼ʮ
Ȼޣǿ󵽿̷ֲѪ֥Ѫʢ¯ӳĹǹٶȼҪ׷οܵˡ
ۣ
񱻹ǹһǹ̴壡
Ѫȥʮɸ߶ȣǹȥƲֱ

𹤷ŭ˻ץסޣٶȽһն𹤽㣬׷˷֮⾳
һնգ弱׹ȥ
ھȻһ߰ʮɵĸ߶ȣ
СӣҼס
𹤷ŭ˻ٶԽԽ죡
ǹֱ׷ȥɸ߶ȣ֪ˤˤֻ̤ߡ
Ȼˣһѻ𡣡
һǹ֮ǹ
ʮɵǹֱ˫־ǹ׼𹤣ݺݵȥ
磡
̶ֳȵĹȻκβ˻𹤣ٵһ͵һǹ
Ȼһ˲䣬𹤵ͬɵһ׹ٶȱ
ҪʬΣ
𹤷ŭıᣬԪĹаеĻ𾫺У׻ɱ
Ҫ
Ѿ⣬ˤһϢҲ֣óǿһ
ϾԷǰ벽ߣҺܿܳȣȵҪ׽ߵʵձƫߣŷݶȻڣսʤ׽۷Ҳ⡣
𹤣±׽ĺҲ̫ࡣǿУа⡣
ǣڻ𹤼ݺݵˤڵϵʱȴɫһ䣬ǴʱشϽɭ֣ڻ𹤵ɭֵ˲䣬Ȼӳеĳޣһִϣ



164 
һϣû뵽ɭֵĵξȻ˴¡
꣡
ȻӲס辣׹ٶʵ̫죬ֱӱˣصˤ˵ϣšһ죬ֱӱײһεİӡ
ͷѪ飬߹Ҳ˺ü
оһܵ˼ۼŻˤôңıˡ
侮ʯնݳ
¼żƷҩĻָԪ׷ɱȻսԪþͻ
ڵ׷׷ϡ
ȥ
ҧأʹʮֵӼʮɸ߿ո
һǹ̳ڵͻ𾫾ҵţĻ֮˵̵ĺˮһ
а֮
ǹ£ǹֱֲָ׻ڿл죬ǹͬһŻ׵ǣֱ
ʱµĻȻתվۼһǹ£ɫѿޱȡ
Ȼ߹Ƕѣǰ벽ԪԪػ̶ֳµ˻ǿ֧һ¡
װ˽ʹû뵽˹Ҳ̽˵ĶأһþС
ȻνľУǹϵĻ棬ھ֮ͨĻ𹤿ȴҲˡ
ߣϾǸ׽СΪˣǵҲҸƴ
һЦȼգȻˣ벽ΪôһСС׽ߡ
ף
𹤴һƾųһɫ״֮˹Ļ״ע˴ԪĵѾɳɫ·𼴽ڻһ㡣
ۣոó׵Ļ͵³һѪ֮壬֧Ķ似վǿһ㡣
СһôصˣŪҵطˡ𹤴˼ǿתԪ͵һӳڵ֮ϣһ޴ĻУµأ˲һƬڣһȦɫɢȥ֮ľϤήȼգ̶ɷɻң
ǹϵĻ棬ƻɢ̿ˣӵǿ
ȻǿĺףǹϵĻƺĳǣţȼ
ĸодĹǷ·ǻ˷ܣ
ȣ
ǹ뵶ཻ֮ʱǹϲƵ׻ͻȻ֯һ𡪡׻ɱ
ԭòСĻ׵ֲȻ
һʱ䣬·ˣǹϵķâ֮ƥһ˺Ѵ
һ׻֯Ĺǹϳײĺף
䣡
羪ը죬ŰԪͬˮһɢӿ
һ£ȴ絾һ㱻ɣǻѾˣͷųʽȻ
е³һѪǹһɨݺݵɨһŴ֮ⷴڿס塣
̧ȥԭվĵطذݳһӣ𹤻Ѫŵأڵϡ
һ벽ߣѾǿȵزô
Ѿˣ£Լа֮׻ɱȻûɱ
Ԫ̫ûмóһŴԪʯתԪʼٵԪָʵ
ʱͻȻһЦڵ촽£¶һڲҰ׵ݣɭȻЦݣĵһһ
Ҿϲһ׽ͷų似ôѾҲϤ˰ãõĺܣҽƴΪҲҪɱ㣬
𹤱һٶȼճףֻһΣ࣬ŻߴһѪȻѾǿ֮ĩ
Ҳ㻹ԪųһУ˫һ̤棬ڵرѿһȼųֱȡ׼
һߵһ˲䣬侲
ֺץǹֵĴָֽ䡣
޷ʹ׻ɱҲͲܵ»𹤵ĵ
ȥһնĵ磬ȵ
ͬʱҲһǹ̳˿
ǧϸԪ糱ˮһȥԪ֮УȻһͨտϸСӡ
а飡
䣡
Ԫаڴͬʱչ˳ȥ
һɲǣ̫·ʧȥɫʣĿĹâһ俪
ټϻͷųĵʼǿ̫͵˽ƷϽףҲ飬Ѫ
Ȼ𹤾͸ˣײа顣
ֲıըкڻ𹤵ϣ֮£ĻԪͱܾҵıը
ؿѾȫըϡãѪɢɳصˤһô֮ϣһ죬ֱֵӱײˡ
һڵϷʮɵľ룬Ѿֵĳת˼ȦĲ֮С
ôᡭ𹤲ʵҪؿڵķѾȫ飬ѪȾأš
ҡȻһ׽ڡߵϣҡҲʣ
ҪȥץڵϵĵȻʱ³һѪȻȥʹ
֪а飬ټˣ֪ٶˣôڷֲԪмӵİ֡
ҲˣŷݶҲû뵽һиа鼸һģһ似Ϊа鱻̻һõˡ

꣡
һѪɫ磬һ֮˱ꡣ
Ͻʪ˵¾¡
豩꣬ˢѪǹǵߵѾȥʱĻߡ
һ˵һƨˮС
ⳡꡭǰҡ
ţըĳ˵̫ˡ
ϽУڶ࣬ѪƮɢȥܿޣڵ״̬޵Ľ֪
һߣգ
һɱˣҲûʲôرĸоѡ֮·Ҫɱ˵ʱоˣοɱлɱЩ߸оȫʵʵɱҲûʲô
ǳŹһսʱõǿа飬а׻ɱв㣬ʱĻԪѾֽȻסаĺɱ
ߵԺǿȲ仯̫࣬û˻ԪߵĿһġ
ˣΪʲôҪɱң˭ŷݶ̻᣿
Լļ̣Ļ̫òζȫһ£ĸ֪ͬǿĶ࣬Ҳ޷ʶơ
ڻܾõʱһЩԾĵطֻһֱ
ղžһ㣬ȴȻʶԼʲô
Ǿǡģ


165 α
ߵģͬߵ֮ģǱ־ɶҡ
һμʱϸоһε·ģߵġ
ڶȻòʶûκ⣬ȴΨģ
ԭˣǸǱ˼ٰģʲôܱ浽ֵزҼٰض֪Ѿ뿪丮һٸҲңƮ̻û̽٣ô丮ĸ߲㣬ŷݶðƵ˵ŷݶˣ´ѧĳָҸƭȥˡ
ҵҲǼٵˣȥ޹ɽҲŷݶġ
óֽеġЦһԼֻһΣǾһƳôֵ١
ʱͻȻؿһ˼£һɹѪҺ֫ٺ
ţ𾫣
壬ԭаеĻ𾫣·ʲôΪ˷ܵ飬ϴһ̶
һڸʲô֣ΪԾһЩ𾫶ʱ򶼰ȵģΪ˷ϸղ׻ɱʱ򣬻𾫾˷쳣ӿĻƺǿ˺ܶ࣡
ѵǡף
Ժһ
ˣԼɵˣ֮ǰŻ𾫼Ȼ֮ôܲʽĻ棬ղͷųĺףȻû뵽
ڻ𹤶ˣôա
Ӧò˷ܣӦǷĶ
ʶʲôϵ𹤵ʬϡ
ɢԳֱ룬ʬ̽˸顣

һذףڻСһһ
һȼŻĺ˳
Ȼ˻𹤵Ѫ֮УǵѪûճ
һ֣ɣȴԪסˡ
֣аеĻ𾫸ӵ˷ܣȻȲҪɵˡ
ѵҲǻ𾫣
ӣŷֻо̣Ȼνĺˡ
ԣⲻǻ𾫣α𾫡
ҪηǳףڵĻ𾫣ǿа֮طγɵģȻҵȻ̸ס
ܶʦҩʦһûҵһö𾫡
𹤵Ϊ쾳Ϊӵл𾫣ײˡ
ȻΪһʦֱпػ
żõһƺףȻڸƷĻ棬Ͼǻ棬ʱ˶
Ҫֻвϵı
𹤻˴ۣռֻ澫ͻȹƺףڼ䣬Ϊһֲ϶Ź棬òȡ
һƸƷĻ棬ֱͻΪνα𾫣Ҳ𾫡
αܴڼ֮ãڼҪòȥάǿ
α𾫱Ļ𾫲Զˡ
ĺ׻𾫣ͷųĻ涼Ǻףȡеһƣڶϡϣα𾫣
׵α𾫣ͷųĻʵͲǺףֻǱͨǿһЩڵʵôֿˡ
Ȼα𾫣Ҳ̲˸ԲϺڶľǴ֮ȥļһΪα𾫲֪˶ٴۣڣȴңҾȴ֮ˡ
Ҳֱյöƿźͼα𾫡
α𾫱̱࣬аƷˡ
ţаöֻлǴСͬ쭵СèһȲˡ
ۣ
Сû˱˳ɰǧĺ֮С
α𾫾ҵϵĻƺڼҵȻôվͽ͡
̳˰ʱ䣬α𾫽ήȥԽԽСȫС𾫵ˡ
С𾫣Ҳôһ㣬ԭֻһǴСǿϵһ֥ˡ
ȵ
鲻󣬵̺ĻҪ֮ǰҿյЩ֮Ķ࣬ҲĶࡣ
Ͼһ벽ߣʮ۵ĲϺͻ澫ġ
ǱСպҲֻôһ㣬ҪɳҪѴѪˡ
ȻСĳɳҲȻʮֵĿֲ
ƷĻ𾫣ͱ׵Ļ𾫣˵еֶ
ֻһؽһѪȷ硣
뵽˼̲סЩԼܵõ׵Ļ𾫣Сյᷢʲô
ٵõһЩ飬ʲôףаϵ飬Сյֻᷢʲô
ʱó׻ɱﵽʲôز
̲ס±߲εĴܣһӺɱ
ţƳԼǰԶŵһѳ⵶ǻ𹤵
γһѩ⣡
õ
̲ס̾Ȼһ˽ƷŵĻۣȻֲ
һﻹǸ͡
Ҳֱӽֽ䣬ţĿתƵ˻𹤵ֽϣһѽժ
ɱ˲Խڰæ
ţ˽Ʒֽ䣿
һϲöָĿռҪ˽ƷֽҸȶԴ߰˰֮á
ⶫ˵ʵá
ҵԽԽ࣬õֽѾЩСˡ
ΪСǧ粻ݣһöֽвܷһöֽ䣬жֽĻֻȫϣͲ̫ˡ
ֽУһɨʱһüһıȻмʮ֮ࡣ
д˽Ʒı˽Ʒ
Щ˽Ʒȫµģûġ
Ʒȴùˡ
ˣһһʦʦҩʦһҲô˼α𾫡
һʮ˽ƷȫµģȻģƷӦô첻
һ˵Ҫ߲ܴ˽Ʒ
˽ƷֲֻܴԼ۸Źס
̽飬˱֮⣬мƽĽƱͳһԪʯ
ȡһȫǼֵһǧƽĴԪʯһȻһٶš
ʦǮϲ⣬ЩԪʯúܳһˣһıӦǶȥǮȡԪʯ
ȻʦȻǮ࣬ǮҲ죬ͱ繺ϣоǱα𾫣ҲһʲСĿ
ЩԪʯ⣬мֵĶһö¼򣬻һЩԵĲϣЩϣȻα𾫵ġ
İѲеĻԪضյȫа𾫵֡
һۣҲû̫Ȥһ˽ƷȻȥǮĻҲһ롣
һ£Ķ˽Ʒоֽ䱾ˡ
öֽպãԪעڵĻУ׼ΪѻᡣȻðһɲǣȴġסһ


166 Ů
öֽպãԪעڵĻУ׼ΪѻᡣȻðһɲǣȴġסһ
ֻǻͨ尵ɫܶĻʢĻһԴһЩ׵ԡ
ֻôһССĻ磬ͬˮһɢӿһֽȡһѾذף֮УֻǼϢĹ򣬵оͷڻˮ
дϲµĻ֮ǰ֮ǿһأҪ֪ҽȻȣȴڻ
һӣһƻ˻𹤵ʬϣ𹤵ʬѸٱɫĻˣڻĻ棬ϵĽ֪Ƭ̣𹤾ͳһλҽͷʣˡ
һӣһ罫ɻҴɢĻʬ𼣡
һкʼѰȥĹǹǹܾãȻѾɲ̫óǲԸⶪ
ããֺһǹ̸ף֮ǰùǹһӣԪעУһ˿Ԫࡣ
˳ԪĲ࣬һƬĲ֮Уҵ˼ȫû֮еĹǹ
ǹ֮ʼ˼ԼôԸŷݶ
ʵԱŷݶռƣ丮Ļ׳Կŷݶ
ʵұ㹻ʵٻ丮֮𣡡
׼Ͻģʵĺõط

Ͻģݺʮλ˹Ϸ
ѾȵΧˣϽûйңֻһĲ䡣
˳ЩΪģΪëѪҡ
ȷ£ëѪͲˡ
Ͻˣڽͨ飬˿Ǵ治顣
ϽŮżΪ󵨣һֻƤխ鲼Ҫλ򵥵ȻԼ˼
ϽŮƤֽСɫǴ񻣬˫޳ϰƤذףӺ޹ǵƷȥһζ
ϽѾ죬һ·ϽɭУڿ˵һϽ䡣
ʱ䣬һ·նɱϰֻޣڵĵطֻϽʮɽıԵش޵ĵȼߣһ·ߵȼҲ൱ڶ͹߶ѡ
ޣκв
ڻôãڼ̣һ˵ģЩӵʳˣҰҪǣûΣζ
䣬ǧ˵Ĺģ
Уʱеһ
ĽľݡΪССļⶥŸͼޣͼڣеħ
֮ĵ·ϣϽε̷ⵣŸʽƷʵľƷֹĥذסиƤñȵȡ
һ·ϽˣйҲ֮УϽľ޳ûϽ˳Ҫ޲ö֮ҲʹϽ˵ʺ츳ձ
һ̷˼ΣȴһԼĪʮ꣬ϽŮЦ绨ָָ֣Լָָ档
һ²ŻعζϽ翪ţ˲Ҫ֮⣬ͨڵĻϵ̶ʵĸϵġ߻顱ơ
Ůõ£зȥŮ뷿йҹڶ뿪˺Ů帧
һ£Щεҡҡ֣ûϽһӾֲˡ
Ůʱһʧί֮ɫ㬵ķӡ
Цá
ʱ΢΢һע⵽ڲԶŮˡ
ˣŶʮ꣬һǳಲĹͷ⣬֣һһɶ೤
һ෴СƤףһѶ̸ɫƣһ㡣
ȵǣòӣΪȻﵽ˶͹۷塣
һǧ˵С䣬һӳ͹۷ߣЩͬѰˡ
ĿתƵŮϣŮȻֻʮӣΪҲڡ
ٴľһء
ʮʹﵽڣ̶ֳȣ˹ҪƷϵ츳ӵܴܲﵽ
һǧ˵СгƷϵ츳Ů͹۷ߣ̫ϳˡ
ҲĸҲġв²⡣
ע⵽͹ӵͬʱҲע⵽
ͷԪԺ˵磬С׽ڣǷǵҪ󡣡
ӵͷԪ˵ˣСҲʮӣСС;ΪĳҵӵܣСë󣬱ȽϹ
ٺ٣һȥй˰ɣ˾͸ɵϵĺö϶٣ֵܴ֮׬һˡ
ţȳ˵סĻᱻ˿СָʲôҪǱˣˡ
ã֪ͷ촽ƺЩȲˡ
촽תŮԳһЩǸŮЦе˵С㣬ǽϢһ£Ҫ鷳ָ·ˡģֻҪҵʥأһãˣеĻǺǣԹˣ㻹һŮõ޹ȥһǳõļǮ
аЦţΪŮֻǶźӣĿԨˮʱСҰס
ֻԼĻڶãȴòˡ
Ůʮ꣬ˮʮ꣬ǱϽϲŮ
ϽĸϵᣬȨΪŮԣΪʹ
󲿷ϽŷʹΪʹߣҲǲ䡣
Ůʹĺѡˡ
ʹϮŮѡһ׸ӵĹ涨
Ůһͱ϶ΪŮ⣬ǻʮʥأ̳ѡж˭ʹ
Ȼʮʱϲȴ˺Ĵ޳
Ͻģڶ࣬ʱᱬģޱ޳ģ޳в޿ܻﵽǧ֮࣬Գ״ݻһ˿ڵĴˡ
ϲ侭޳ϴ٣䱻䣬ʮһ
ʱٽĻ򿲿侮ʯϲչ˹򿲿ỵ̂ϲִͬͻԱ˴֮Ħϡ
Ѿ޳Ԫ˵ϲεֵ˻򿲿㣬ˡ
ˮãΪϲϣѾս֮ǰˣȻճȺ뻢ڣñûٵĹͷ󺺺ͺӽٳˣǵĿľϲʥء


167 뻢
ϲʥأֻʹŮ֪ǲĴڣ̺Բ˽룬
ȻѾҲҪάֲҫڣҲ޵У뵽ÿܵı絶òһЭ
ҲӣԲ˸ղŵľ档
ٺ٣磬ҿСһɫǲ֪Ͻ˫ɷˣϣҾͰСһĴúọ̵̃Ů˵ζ
ͷһ˵ţһЦĿˮ
ˮʱСɷףɪɪ
Ҷһ£ԶϾ˺һһֻֻסãһֻȭأݽҧ촽ԪתŭĿͬһͷСƱһƵĶŹͷ󺺡
ʣ˵
һͷ󺺵ƾȻһʱȥ㬵ĺһʵҪԶԶʤıƴƣȴûѹƹ
϶ҪǽãʥĿֻǸ֪Ҫɱˣʲôòȵ֣ʵڣҪʲôŮûУĿųԶ㡣Ԫ˵
Ҿѡͷ촽СƤŮƽʱҼأСƤ湻ҾϲҵģҪܰСŪȥ϶ζʮ㣡

Сõйҹڶ죬ܵĽⶾҩǾƣٴνɭ֡
ɭֲïܣһһģм侭ŴƬĲԭ
뿪һӵĹܽʱͻȻԼСĹĸƥɫİɽҰУŮ
ĸˣǹҵġĸ֪ǿڽʱ򣬾ע⵽ӶõУʱʱĹ۲Լ
׷һ֣ЦǺǵӭɫƵĺʵλСֵܣǳ𣿡
΢΢֣˵ǰɣ˵ϽḻԾܲܵõʲôҩݣ˳Ҳһ¡
ͷ󺺹һЦ˵СֵܣˣϽޱȣޣĵرΣҲ࣬ҵθӣʧСֵǲǵһϽͬУǶԸκϤʵҲȥΣ
˵ע⵽һͿȥСŮҧ촽ɴ۾Լˮ۾ƺ̺Žã־ĸɫ
һСƺлҪ˵ֲ㿪ڣΪô˵ĹϵǵĻ鰡
ţа˸ۣӣþһôŸԼ׽һ·˻ɡ
͹۷ߣôһ׽ߣⴿǸԼ鷳
˼ˣʲôɱԽô治ɫȲӦҲؾڵʵɱ͹۷߸⣬Ըʲô˼
ӿԥæСֵܲȥϽвټݵҩݣʲôѪΡ֥֮ľ̫ˡֵҪȥһżѰǹżҪ׽ϵֲУɣһȥʱõıɣΣ
ӻ˵һ룬Ѿɣæ͡
ں˵ʱȴѾԪϵСŮ˵Ǹǰͬô
Ů˵һ룬²ǿܻԪ㻻һʻʽ
ǵĻǾգһ۾ǵĻǾգ۾
˵꣬ԳǸŮûʲôʾ۵ǸŮգ۾
һĻʱˡ
Ȼʲôˡ
ǱЮôǵĻգһ۾ǣգ¡
СŮգһ۾ǹȻǱЮˡ
о˼ˣЮŮʲôĳЩɲõ¯ô
˵ȥż̽ô
²˵СŮգһ۾ȷʵһżˡ
˵ֲǹżҪ׽ϵֲУҲô
СŮգ۾ʱǸԳŮͻȻСŮһۣСŮʱһµĺӣĵͷ
ЩĪˣĸ˵Ĺϵô¡
ʱԺͻȻһŮȻۣȴʮֱ䣬Ļ͸Ͻ뿪ɣҲü
һЩŵǸԳŮȻԪֻ֮ǰ˵ˡ
ôҲû뵽⿴޺Сһھôһ仰
ʱƺʶԪڽˡ
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Ȥǹżɱһżûȥˡ
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뵽һмЦݣ˵λǿ˵ȷʵǵһϽز죬ΪҲߣһ·λԸң̫ˡ
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ģΧĲľԽԽïʢϽʱľϡ裬ԲԭΪڣľɭɭⶼڱˣɭл谵ƻ裬һ˶ߡ
ָ߲Ǳ޾Ϊ棬׾ˡ
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ûҲҪԵģ˵㲻ҲһһֱΪָ·ԭΪǹͷͺ֪νĹżָǴ·ڲ֪ԭ·㣬вİɣѵָȡ֮߱󣬷Źǽã
촽΢΢鶯һ£˵ЩȻ뵽ˣ˵Щģ
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ĸʱҷģ֮һǱȫƽһģΣҶġ
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ЩҪܡͻȻ䡣


171 Űɱ˫ɷ
ʼ磬˵ר־ɫԲע
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ģͷѾЩˣҲǵɫͨ죬ӵгǿָɵˣתԪɫӲˣһ֧ӡ
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ողͷֻ°Ѿȫʧȥ֪͵صͷһ˫ŻڵϣȴѾȫ飡

ӷʹĲҽУһصˤ˵ϣѪӿȪ
ҪɱңˣǸСŮҲҪ
·û⣬Ƿһ˿Цһǹһ⣿
㡭㡭ãҲˣǾһһҧԾȻʱһںǰ䣬֣
ۣ
һƴںĿڣ֮ԪźӵȫֱײֱӽЩʵĴѣ
ӷһҺȻ֣ԼڵԪ·һȫɢǲˡ
ԾҰ㡣ƣʵսиûʲôֵڼ似λרž似ΪĥˣôԷɱĻ᣿
ѶԷŪùȫʧٱٰ̫࣬ĥܣ
һ˲ıʶڵʯ֮䣬һΪҪɱӣڿ֪ʲôֶΣѾȫƿ˾ƣһٿĿ⣬ȴޱȸ
굽˭ֻ׽Ϊôֲֿʵ
Խһ뾳磬ȴԷȫŪڹ֮䣬ɱߣҲ˰ɣ
˵ϽţҲû˭սϲɫĵһ峤У
ʮ꣬δĳɾͼֱˣֲ̫ˣ
ҪǡԼĻټδֵʥشУؽϲ䣬Ҳǲܣ
뵽ĺȻȴ̾ҡͷôܰԼ


172 ĳ
Ѿȫˣ촽ţ˫ֺҵŵȥʧȥ˫ȣеԪҲڲšνɱǴ߶ԪƻԼ壬Ԫ߶ˣɱͳһˡ
ӰȡһżֵƽֹѪҩݣ֮󣬽֭Һں˫ϣѪʱֹסˡ
ɲΪʧѪ
㡭ôӵڲϵ⣬׸
ת˵ʩߣӦа취ưɣ
һ£һа취
ǹɣҲԸԺôһֻȺӡ
Ĭһߣһ߰γذס
һ̣оңûʹ࣬޷֮ȴһ̡
ˮתȥͻȻ˵
ŶŶˮӦһ̹ԹԵתղһϵеĳ棬Сĵ׵̫ˡ
ʶʲôԪѪôÿֳԺҲᾭɡ
Ĭһ˵ϣԶҪ
ðɣôƣ
ûرİ취ֻȡ֮ǰ
˵ţ͵һ˺ӵĿڣССذףȻǱȴޱȣӵĿھͬжһ㣬ֻۡһһס
ӾҵĲҽȻѾʧȥ书˴ηص
ץסذףһֱʿ˺ӵؿڣһ룬п࣬ѪȪһ˳һ
Ȼֻգһ۾˲ĨȥѪһֻʵıڼУͬͬĹȡ˳
ɱУþѪȳһĻҲզ಻ѣС湻ݵġ
ɫС׳棬ԡѪоȻѪδմٵĽԼֱУʱӻڵϣأԳ鴤š
ȻҪܶ࣬˲ҪֻһǾüĴ֯ƻˣǾ˲ģһ̣౻ƻ˻ܻʮҡ
ʮӵʱ䣬ȡĹƣԼϡ֮󣬾ɵ޹ؽҪˡ
һкվɫԲ԰ףֽȡһë˹ȥ
лл˵ȥĲԼͷϵѪ
ںڰеȴǾôʱͬһֻԼ˿ڵСèһ㡣
Ů󣬿ŲΪ֪Ĺ¡
Ҽǵ˵㷢ģһǱƽȥôһΪĸô
ûлػڲѪԭѩ׵ëѾɺĿ
Ǹ
ûУлл㣬ĻҿӴ˽١
ȷʵҪǸʥǲĽذɣϾҽֶβʣ㡣
δı棬ûκңʥأǵ嶼Ѿˣʥʲôã
˵̾һ
ʥأеһֱһʣʵÿһ䶼һô
ǵģ˵Ͻһʮ֮ǰµģʮΪԭ򣬱ս޳µĴжϾɽȵԭѾʧȥӰִֻʮ
ԭ²⣬νӦĳʵǿĴܣνķпǽ֮ĵطܸ֮ʲôô
֮԰ͻƾ磬ΪÿˣһֻܽһΣΪ֮ޣԾԽ͵ߣõԽ󣬶̫ߵߣõԽСˡ
Ƿ˵̫͵ߣֲͨĿ飬ѵĽΪʮ꣬ÿһŮʮʱ򣬶ܴС
͵ĺףЩȣƺ˿Լ˵ϸ
Ĭһ̹˵֮
֪ҲôõϷʲôҹⲻ㣬㴥ĳЩء
û̹ԡ
죬ӲϽһĵ׹׹֪ʲôϴ죬ǽİУֻᷢʯһº͵Ĺâ
׹ͼһö۾ϵ۾ͼһģһ
֮ԿҲʥԿĿ飬ֻܽѡ
΢΢һЩȻޱȻ谵۾ȴ·ҹеǣŴĹâô֣Щ۵ϻȾŰ߰ߵѪָ֮Կɵʯ΢⡣
һ̣ĪӿһθУ˵֮ԿҲ֪ղ˵ûδı棬ûңοĽأΪҪҹ֮Կ飿
Ҫ㣬ɱһˣ
ɱ㸸ĸĳˣ
ǣĸĳˣ۾һĨŨصĳ޺ɱŨ˶΢΢Ĳ
ˣǻ򿲿Ĵ󽫾ΪǴ򣬻򿲿䣬ǵĲ壬ҵĸĸϲ̵ʦ֮ҸױǴɱĸס˵һڵ۾ɱ⣬۵Ҳ΢΢鶯
Ѿµ˿ܻǿ֮ģû뵽Ļһ
ҧ˵ҵĸױǴĲǿ󡭡Եˡ
ԡԵˣһڿˮȷԼû
򿲿һ˲䣬ϽЩΪʳǻսͽǵ̣УΪͽ
⡭Խܣǰ˵͢޵ʱ򣬰ӶʳЩǹŴ飬ңԶû뵽Ծ
ĸ׵ðĸ׵ʬǣҿĸ׵ʱѾȱȫͷΪˮȫ䣬ϣݿҧĺۼһȺһֻ첲ֻʣ˶Ϲǡ
˵ƽ·ĳȫġ
θһڣֻѾЩܲˣοۼ˻ĸף
޹ССͣԸĮ㡣
תһۻԶˮСﻹ֪ĸ׵ɣԺҲ֪ˡ
һʵǴʲôΪ
벽죡
΢΢üǰ벽죬Ȼոɵһ벽ߣֶԼغǿ֣а鶼õˣһ벽ߣû˿ա
ҼȻǽô߿вٸֻȺ֮ҪɱԷϼѡ


173 켶Ʒ
ΪѣѹûָھսʤǴ򣬶͹߸߲޴󣬺οǴǰ벽졣
ӦǶ͹Ǽ޵ʵڵߣҪࡣ
˵ҲҪھɱҿԵ꣬ꡣ
֮ڣǴѾ漣ˣϾʮ꣬ʮʹﵽ벽ʵҪϽļ¼ˣ
ûнʲô˵һУҴгɡ
ԼܵõڼĴУʵ߶٣ŵʲôû塣
֮Կҡ˵ţӹ׹һеǹ
Ϊʮֻ꣬¾ʮˣڲμӿ飬Ҳʱˡ
ߴＸʮɣͨɢɫʹâ֮ϣһߴСտԲ򣬷ҫ۵⣬ԲҲ۾ͼϵĵ׹һģһ
ųʹΣԸһһɸߵĵܣ̹صͼڡڰããһƬʲô
ֻǿ͸оޱŨԪԪĸνԪǽԪתΪԪʯҲԪɵġڣǰ쾳쾳ڵľԪڣģԪ
ôŨԪĻ°빦
̰ΧԪ̧
Ȼת䣬һƬȫɫĿռ֮УǼӲʯ̨ͷе㷱˸΢ǹ̨һɴ
ڵĻþʮȻԪȴϡʥŨȲˡ
ڵԪˣЩ⣬ΪӦԪŨǡ
Ŀռ߱ࡣ
ǵã߱УҲһ
뵱μ丮ѧˣҲµʱѡ
ʱ䣬ʵ˷츲صı仯һص꣬ڣʵѾڵˡ
˵ԼͬʵǿģʵٶȣȴҪھܴ½
νѡ񣬾Ǵ߱ô֪ʮڵʵܵڼ㣿
߱ɱһɱĵʵǹ̶ģ߱ҪԲߵ˵ǿȣߵԽ󣬵ҲԽǿ
ֻ߱ų̶ȣ
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Ҳֻǿ˵㣬ͨԶ
뵽Щ£սȼգҪԼڵų̶ȣ
һǹų߾Ŵ磬һǧٽ죡
һ֣бһɫǹȻǹһģһǹֻƷıǿܹעԪѡ
߱ų̶ȣ籦֮ʵӰ죬ѹͣɱ󲢲ͬ
ʱǰһӰʵһֽˣΪ۷塣
ǵãԼһδ߱ʱԵĵһֻǳضѣڶԷʵǿô࣬ȻΪԼԵʡ
Ǻһ֣ɱǹûãֻӳһȭһٶԪȥ綾һûߵ塣
ֻáۡһߵ
ڵ˵۷Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ʵʮ꣬ΪܴﵽѾǳˡ
ˮֵģʮʹﵽڣǾǺš
ʮʹﵽض͹ڣǱˡ
ʮﵽ׽ڣʵսԱߣǱ˾ˣ
һع̫ˣ̧׼ȥڶ㣬ʱȴоԼ˵ߣһεԼ壬紺һ֫ٺĤԭľ·ɶһЩ
ţһѵν֮Ҷˣ֮ʵǸ߶۴ԪеԪ֮ϡΪԪ۳Ӱߣɱ˻ӰߣɾԪ̫ˣ
תԪȻ֣һԪȻ׽Ϊȹ̣׽ڴơ
дϲ⽨ʮĴʵ˲𣬾ȻַܷԪһ޴ľԪ
ԪԪϾޣҲѹֻŮܽˡ
̧Ҫĵڶ㣬һصĺߡ
ΪʵʮŮı׼Ϊμ丮˵ʱҲǳضѡ
²Ÿոճָ֣һ߰˰ٹԪߵڣֱӽ÷飡
ǰ漸㣬κΪӵĲ㿪ʼѶȻȻһء
ٴԪԪ
㣬۷ĺߡ
ǹһ˲ǰǷӦ֮ǰһǹһȫ
оڵԪѾﵽ˼ޣһǾͻͻ׽ɡ
а̺֮Ȼǿ⻹ΪΪ̫ߣԪҲֻΪĻͻƾˡ
ʱǰĿռһ󲨶һѪɫԲƾճ֣Բһߺ沼˸ӵĻƣԲλãһԲΰۣ֮ԿӦ
˵ֻ֮ԿܿĲ㣬֮ǰֻ
ֽȡ֮ԿСİ˰档
һɲǣ֮Կ·һ㣬ѪɫԲ򷢳Ĺâ
Ķߣһ֮ǰʱͬһ֡
ţѵǡ
ͷ֮ǰʥش󡢿ţƵΪЩģûôע⣬ֻΪ̵ĳ
ߣﾹȻԣ
ƬȻֻһС飬߽Ҳܴԡ
Բ洫ǣŵȼΪ켶ƷϴҪ󣡡
ŵȼ켶Ʒ
סˣҲĿ˱׼ô
ԼΪ켶Ʒ
Ȼ֪켶Ʒôһ̶ȣԿ϶˹ϽͳεķԲʮﷶΧڣͬʵܳԼˣ޵ĺܣ
ôνϴҪô£ͻᴫ͵


174 
ǲÿ˽֮ǰƵûзνġҪ󡱣
ԺһʣʱΧͻȻʼŤţһת·类紵Ʈһ
оκ·ŤĿռ䣬۵߰˴Σָоܵ¡
֪˶ãֻԴһصˤ˼Ӳĵϣһ־Ȼһȵĸо
ǡô
ʹԴ̧ȥһһﻹʲôΧһƬѪ硣
Ƭһ޼ʣʯȫǺɫģϴݲԶдƬƬİɫ﷭˶ݣһѪ֮
Ѫأ
һڿˮģҪѪ
ǰ⵽ǻþʵڵ磿
ղܵŤУףԼղͨһ봫
ǰҿߵĴʱƵĸоֻȽ΢ҿߴ󣬴;ֻм
ΣŤǿң֪жԶ
ʱǰһźƾղʵγһ޴ĺɫ۾
۾һʶĺ˰벽۾һּȿֲĸоʲô
ãࡣ
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˭
һ·˲֪ٴ۾ͼӽʥأĴţϵĵܣ֮ԿͼΪϽ˳۾ԲŻ۾Ϊͼڣû뵽Уôһ޴۾
ؽţҵǡڿռеƽ壬ξΪʳǧǰұշΪ˵Լޡ
ˣԼޣѵǡ񣿡
ǵģϽϰôƺˣǰϽӴǧ˷˵ĺ̳У֮ãʱǨ׺ɣûȥ
ħս޳̶ǻɽӴֱֹһ꣬ڵϽ޶ԭĹΪսӵӣݻڵϽˡ
ǰԪ֮ǰػϽѾģĺˣѾϽˣпʮأϣͨʮĺһԵ
𺳣ԭΪܴ½ȥҲһǿߣҲһˣ
ԵǧţʥءеȻ֮ãǱȻʥˣһʥصĴߣ꣬ʵǿ˺̶ֳȡ
ԭˣʮܱ֮ǰµġϽΪʲôôߵΪԽߣԪԽԪʱδͻƿôͻѡأͻʧܣǾڹʬ
һ£ڱչ֮ǰ׼ҪȴԵǣңħ
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Ѫħ
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ɱ
Ųһһǹһƥһĳ磬ֻáֻۣۣѪħնϣ
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ǿңǵù
ǹһԪ糱ˮһӿ˿
죬һѪħѪ
һ£ǳѪħ֮󣬻εƮڣѪ
ţǡ
һΪɱЩѪħ֮ǰһԪȴ룬ѪħڵѪ֮
־ϲȻͬ죬ȻѶȴ󣬵ЧȴԶ󼰵ġ
ֻߵΪȴԴӸߵʵ
ѪħľѪ֮
ѪǿɵԪ࣬ǿ˺Ҳ׻ָѪǿޣԶ֫в
ǰѪ֥ҲǲѪģֻնɱֻѪħõѪ֮͸Ѫ֥֮һˣնɱȥ޷ЩѪ֮жֲ
ۿųƬѪħѪгмսǣǹϵǧԪ籩˷ܵһ㣬ɫǹⶼ΢΢Ĳ·𷢳˷ܵ
һսף
һѪħ֮Уǹ󿪴ϣͬѪзڵİ֮Ѫڣ
ѪսУÿһǹ̳ḽǿԪһȦȦۿɼĿ粨ˮһɢ˿Ѫħ֮޾ѪΪѪ̫أڿᣬѪ꣡
һɹӴѪ֮Ѫ֮УƤԴԴϵĻڣ˰ֻһ˲μʥػ˰˰Ѫǿǳޱȣ
ʹ죡

ʱѾԡѪԽսԽŨԽԽоΪЩѪϵĻ壬ƣоòꡣ
ų߾Ŵǹ磬ɨǧ


175 
ǹͷѪħϣһˮһκɨͻֻѪħɢϰֻѪħֻһ㹦򣬱㱻峡ˣ
ʱڲԶѪ۵һһͨѪħһѪħûͨѪħͬǣѾֳܷԵ٣ȻֻѪħǿһ
һͷѪħǷһ˿Ц˫̤棬ͬһ㱬ȥʮɵľȫʧȥ塣
Ʊ

һǹѪħУǧԪֱӽѪ
һѪڣֻѪħͲһѪ֥ˡ
ǰǰܹɱ˾ʮֻͨѪħһֻѪħͷ죬൱һʮѪ֥
ӴѪ֮ڼҵĻصţһʱȴղˡ
˵ǰѪʢȼյĻ¯ôڣѪֱ̣죡
ʹ죡һЩδĸоȻһսڵ״̬Ҫ֮ǰã
кܶѪ֮ѹڣûȫգǼˣҵѪ֮Ҳսһ춼κƣ
ͻȻʲôǹĻһѪۣ󣬲˼һĻˣѪ۾ȻۿɼٶȻָţϢʱ䣬Ѿȫˡ
һ£ҲЩסˣȻ֪Ѫ֮ǿĻָߣû뵽ôࡣ
˱̬ĻָսҲôˣպŪʲôѪĵر˵ܴﵽ˵еĶ֫Ѫĵز
ڶأ磡
ĮٴΧѸٱ仯Ѫɫ򣬱һƬҰ磬̧ͷȥջˮѻĺڱ˱Ͳ⡣
һϴӣԻƵĺˮιһֲçںӱһɫʯɣ׾׭֡Ȫ
磡ԭˣ֮ǰ˵Ϊ߲㣬ֱǵ硢硢硢ū硢˽硢ʹ硢磬ұΪֻϽΪڽ̺Ŷȡ֣û뵽ģֻ߽粻ǴһŮûл
ʱȪв˷ľ˺УһֻֻӲԻƵĺˮ˳Хų

֮⣬ˮĬĬĵȴš
ˮ㣬㲻λһĿô
֮ޣһЧãڵʵĲѡ
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ԼҰģͨ㣬㣬Ͽɣؽϲ䣡
ϲ佨ͨ㣬ĲŮѾܲˡ
ͨĲ㣬̤ģǱǾš
ͨ㣬ģǴ˵
ϲǧ꣬ģҲֻһˣ
˱ϲĵһʹŲսķϲ䡣
㣬λľĸڵ˵ڼأˮʵ
üЩĿ֮ǰͨǰٶȿĲ˼飬ȻȻ̾ȴû⣬ϾŶ͹Ǽǿߵʵǰ
ֵǣǰ֮󣬾ͷ·ʧˣһֱŵĲȴַʼûת֤һֱṳ̂Ĳ㡣
⵽ôһ£ľֵʵͨǰĲ㣬Ӧͨ㣬㣬һʹ൱Ŷԡ
ѵľгʲô⣿뵽һľˡ
ǡֻһӦòᷢǣѲɡͷһ͵Ĺϵ伮УŵĴ˵
˵ںܾúܾǰ紴ͨڣѡУͿԿĴţΪϽ֮
Ͻ֮һĳ

ݹݣɺ죬ǶĶ
ǰĹ꣬ݵֻʣ¹ͷ֫СԴ˶һֱֿԺ󣬳һڼܵݣѪĳͷ棬ˮϵĵ䡣
ܶѪħһɱ
׼ǰͷһǹӳ
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꣡
£һֻ׵Уֱӱɢ
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û뵽ǿ̫֮ѵˡ
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ִĵߴðžžĵ˿˴Ŀġ
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ʱһĻ́ͷȥ֮Ѿһ˶Էλá
һֻɫԹ飬ӺȻһŮģֻͷ­û壬ԶԶȥʮɵ˶ͷ­·Ƕ˻ƵУʮɳ޾İ׷衣


176 ū
İٹ֮ôһȻչһһǹһɫ磬Ůͷ­
Ůͷ­һХ޾İ׷ɱÿһ׷ڿжûһߣ˺ҧ
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Ůͷ­Хһ׼͵ҧ
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޾ĵâȻڣŮͷ­ϡ

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ͷֱӱɨɣ񱩵Ԫֱ͸ǵͷУķ顣
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ܹ׸ıҵƣǿҵ֮Ѫ֮൱ڰһߣһӲõˣһ죬ҲóΪˡһˣֻǲ֪ʵﵽ˺־磿ûܷʥصʥŮ
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ĸܵǰ޴ĳѹȸУȻεĵֻһͷȴԤУĹҪǰѵöࡣ
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մڵ￴֮֮߸飬ÿһӦһ顣
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178 Ԫ͹ǣ
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ִܶΪûѾȥˡ
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ʱһһţóԪʯתԪĻظԪ֮ǰΪ׻ɱĵĻ֮ҲĻظš
ΪѪ֮ǿڵĻظԶһߣһʱȫָˡ
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һҲûдߴ˼ĬĬһԣƾϵ̽
ֱȥһӣҧ˾Ҿѡˮˣ
վûֵܵסеǹǿҵͷ鵤ҩȻҲãڵѾܺˣԺ󻹻лõʵĵر
ΪʲôģֻҪŬȥµĻҲһġ
Ǻˮ֪ΪΣȴһǿҵԤУ·λᣬԺ󶼲ܵõˡ


180 ֱ
Ǻˮ֪ΪΣȴһǿҵԤУ·λᣬԺ󶼲ܵõˡ
Ȼ׵ĵҩѡˮ
Ը
һֱֻʣǷźɫϸ˿ĺˮߣѡУһҲѵõһѡʹ磬㲻ٵõҲ˵޷һ߲ͨ㣬ô˵֮ǰĶʲôҲò
仰˵ûüĺػֱֽ򵽹ȵס
ˣ޷߲ͨ㣬ˮһˣ
ָڵø㲻ΪҲʽ߲аգȴûˡ
Ҫһ嵽߲㣡
˵Ѿʧˣ˷ʱ䣬óһԪʯԭϥ£ʼתԪ
һΣĻָʱĳҪڹ֮ǰʵָ۷壬ͬʱ̬Ҳڤ״̬ӭԴһǧû˴ȥĵء

֮⣬Ѿ˺ܾˣˮѾԺ˯ˣһֻСèҵĽУϸ¡
ʱ֣ӦѾˡ
ʼպ޶ЩĽǽôлôôǷʲô⣿
մıʼȻûע˴֮õʱ䣬Ǹմڽ֮ǰͳܱ֮߻緹ʱȴ¹մӦдһʱ
ȴѾȥʱˣ
ĵǣմڱʼԣʵãܻ
һ˲侾ˣ̽һǶסˣϾÿ˽ĻֻһΣڣ˵ȴʱ
ҹؼǣҲ޼£Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ЩͷֳʼϴֲڵƤ棬
㡭ˮԺӱ
ţˮˡ
㣬ʲôʱˣˮʶ౳Ϊһ˯ڴֲڵʯͷϣıЩۣҲҿߣҪһСŮô˯һϣ±Ѿˡ
ˡ
Ŷλľĸ绹ûô
û̾һ
㣬λĽôǲҪΪմһӢۣ
ǿ˵ͷ˵Ӧðɡ
ǰƽ

֮У̤˵㡪ʹ硣
һ磬ۣһ޴İɫƯڰ֮УܱߣоŸ޴ÿаɸߣֻ
վǰĹ㳡֮ϣΧһɽٲɽк£飬ա
ǰһɫһѳӱվţͷһ٣ڰͷ߶೤
˵Ϊһݡ
һ֣
ȻֻǳڣǺ쾳ȴűʵ
пɬԼʮ꣬Ĺ䣬ڵ㾹ȻҪԺڸ֣
ұܴ½ҳٸʮ꣬кֵʵ
ĬĬתЩʣƺһŹӰʣҪܵĵˡ
һԺ쾳ĸ֡
͹۷ԺڣԽһ뾳磬һ뾳ƺ࣬һ;Խ棬ÿ֮ĲԽ
Ӷ͹ڵڣȫͨԪͨ裬ѾһηԾڵڣԪ۵ͨȫԴԴһηԾ
ķԾԸߣûаա
ǹɡ
ϵǣӾȻ˵õԡ
ǹ֣ѹסǹǹβס󱳣һɵĳǹôƽȵ˳ȥǹֱָӡ
Ӱγ˵㡭ذܡ
ꡪ
뿪ʵһɲǣֻһ̶һӳֱš
ӵٶȿ쵽˼ޣĽһ˼ĽǶȣ·ô㣬޷
˿
һһǹ̳Ȼ޷ӽĹ켣ôɣӴԪסһ
磡
飬ȻǧԪҲ˴룬żһ㣬弱˳ȥ
Ԫ˲٣ûϵתԪΧԪԴԴϵӿڣѸٲĵԪΪֻж͹۷壬ͳ־ȴԶߡ
ţ
ǹӰ߾Ȼһǻۣܵһֳɫ
һһһĹ켣֮ǰһȫֻͬǽһ⣬ȻӰ似
ߵ似
һҧԪһĻǹɭɭǹſܶĻ棬ǧԪһһӰߵĽ
䣡
һǹһ޻ڵײһԪըĳ糱ˮһɢȥȻ˹ӰߵĽȴŰԪͬİһ壬һʱ䣬·мʮѵ̻ʹģ
ȻһѪӿһȴ޴󰭡
ţˣ
־ϲķԤϣǰֻǵڵ齣ֵԪನȻҲˣ
ܵ㣬Ȼ
õ¶һ˿֮ɫڲΪΪˡ
ӵı仯һָоӲԪĿܣһˡ
ѵһҲô
һٴɱ
ԪΣ
ǹӭϣ֮һнһУٶȻ죬ÿһÿһʽ̺˿񱩶صԪ
ӰӵΪҪʤһһֱǹӰڽڷغܡ
Ȼ׻֮˿ȴûĽŴαܿͷųĽѾˡ
磡
֮Ѿ˼ʮУŰԪɵǰ̨ϣʯͬٲµˮһ
ҵײУӰӺδˣȴԪನĹū类壬ѣֱˡ
䣡
һǶԺ䣬嵹ɳʮɾ룬ǹŵأǵһ˿Ѫˣ޴󰭣ǿѪ֧֮ţܸоڻĸԭš
Ȼûд󰭣ɹؼǣôӮ


181 
սʤ׻ɱ׻ɱʱֻһΣӰ߱ϾǺߣ᲻ᵲ׻ɱһ׻ɱ£ĵԪǾҪˡ
˼ת벻ʲôʤİ취
Ӱ߾ù£üͷ΢壬ȻԼս̫⣬ܶ㲻أز뿿־սҵ뷨ˣֻǶ͹ڣǺڣԪôȣȥȳŲס˱ض㡣
Ӱٴλӽն˴ӼʮжϰУ
ҧ֣Ȼȴʼղܣ
ԣùӰˡ
Ϊ󾢲㣬֧Ųסܱ벻ǿ
֪䣬̺ŵģδյѪ֮𽥻ѪҺѭ֫ٺ
ƾѪԽսԽǿĵԪڡԪѪ֮˫֧£άֵһƽ㡣żˣǿָ£Ҳսԭ
һֱУӰڲòһޱȻ飬ǾȻй֮޲
һ͹۷ߣԪ̶Ⱥͻָȳߣô
ƾͬȵܴ󲿷ֹڹһķͳǿĻָԷսԶԼǾû취
ùӰʹĸо
һ˴Ѫ֮ҲôǿѵС⣿Ӱüͷ΢壬Ҫսپȥһ˭ȼֲסٶ̫죬ҵɱкѹٶȡ
ֻһٶȣʹһеĻҲкܴƣڣҲû취ˡ
ţӰͻȻת棬һ˵档

꣡
ԪصףʱоΧţһС
ʱڵ㷲˽磬Է컭ΪҲùһУƵòӲ
ڣͬһУΪԺֻ֣֮õ·һʯһԼά衣
ˡ
ֵܼڣǿĻָͷ֮⣬̶ܴҲܿ˴󲿷ֹϣΣˡ
ţԣ֧һҲҪֳԪ
֣ǹӰԪһأֳȥܴһ֧ˡ
˲ףֻȺսʹãһʹһ˹ҪֻһˣҪҪĻôܵõ޵ĺˡ
ۿǹӰɱУһϲûᣬһ֪׻ɱѹ似
һȫʽܵ׻ɱֻʹһǼֱԾĹˣ
Ƿһȣǹȼ˺֮
ⰵɫĻ棬ʵûʲô˲ģӰҲΪܶʲôвʵϣ֮ǰָļιͲƿĻԪ
ֻžûԼаܵĿܡ
֮
ӰӴһһĺ⣬ӵı󣬳һɫӰӰڽ̱ڻϵĹħֱۣģмЦģֱ۾ħצӣÿֱжŲͬ
ɫӰֺ󣬹Ӱƴǡ
ɣ
裬Ӱһڱصá
ĻɫӰһ㵣ͷ۵Ķ֮ǰʥصıڻϿһΣĪⶫҲĳūͣ
ۿӰһնҲ룬аѹȫͷųа֮
ڵԪ˲䱩ǣ
ͻ˷ܵܵĻͱҵ޼ɵĴڳ
һɲǣӰʶһ㲻ԣСӣһֱʵ
ȻϣòӰһҧӲջСάԪĻɫӰʵ˼֣еѪҲޡ
ʱִ٣Ҳ¾ۼˣҲΪһֿܹ֮
ʱǹϵĻȻ֯һ𡪡
׻ɱ
ǡӰͫȻŴȻҰѾȫųİ׹⣬Ѫնǰ׳Ĺâ֮ϣȻ飡
䣡
ıըƽؾףӰ׻ɱײһ𣬿ֲ裬ܻĿ
͵ĳ˵ƥԪ糱ˮһɢȥɹԪΣϯ
͹Ӱͬʱɳȥ
׻ɱͷųѾתȫԪȥֿǱѪǹ˫ҲըĹǶϽۡ
ӰӾ͸Щ֮ǰû̫˼׼һն׻ϣ˽ĽӴǺ֣ҲըؿȫѣһƬѪģ

Ӱó֧ŵ棬û뵽һʱ⣬Ȼһ͹ߴǱ͵³һѪǰ߹Ѿ˴롣
ûͫһ̫ǿˣΪʩչȥ˲ȴȻԼ׻ɱ
һ΢΢ȥȻӰ˵ĺأѾͬʱõа֮׻ɱսȥܲ
ʱ֮ͻȻأ
Ӱвʣ߷ߵĿһۣ𳤽߻
ͨˣ
Щš
ʱռһŤǰϲ㣬һǧΨһһͨߡ
һûɱĵˣôͨ
ػߣֻҪܱɣɱǣҲֹģǰػ߲ͬ꣬ӡʶ
Ȼˣ֮ǰĲ²⣬Բ⡣
ػʮΪӳ죬ȣϽʹϽ֮䣬սϣʹɱ֮ʱзЩˣ˽Ҿ£Ӵ̬㡣
ԭȻʹ绹ʵȫʹղԼԸǸֻģҲΪֻʮ꣬һ㣬ҪԸڡڵĸˡ
ϢʱԽе߲
˵ֱ꣬ʧ
Цѣ߲ͨô
Ѿȡˣʵ֣ƾͷϵʧȥԣһУԼͶӮ
ʵûӣҪ߲㣬ô
ӵĲ㿪ʼÿһ㣬ѶȶһأĻ㵽߲ѶҲ
⻹ô
ˣöĺɫˮ˾ˮ£ŵҲȥˡ
ΣȫԸȻϣãҪȥȡ


182 صĵ߲
ƽ飬óŴԪʯʼָͬʱ˫ͿĨǸࡣ
ղţ˫۹ۣѪģˣһûиʮ£ܵãָǿټһֵǧǸ࣬ʱֱѾȫԭ
ʣһʱԪָ۷壬ľҲ״̬ڿʼ˵߲Ŀ顣
âһʧһƬ磬Ťĳڻγš
߲㡭һǧδ̤һ㡣ս˫ȭȫƽ
ڴ֮ǰ߲ӣȻ߲㣬߲ľȴȫľˡ
û뵽⸱
ǰ㣬ÿһεľ󶼶Ӧ֣һĵӦѪأڶӦĻȪӦĻҰĲūӦĽǶ
Ϊ߲Ȼ磬ӦöӦĿռǡ
û뵽ȴһ˽ĳǳ֮УߣȺűⵣСϷˣĺͯԼĳͻӵζһеһжôʵ
ЩԾԾʱڵĵط
վһװ޾£ȴЩ¾˵ľ¥ǰ
ߵ΢΢ɫľĴ¥ܽţһеһж¶һµζ
¥̫Ϥˣ¥Ĵȥ˵˵飬˵˳壬Ҫǳԡ
裬Ǻ«ϴһëСĸ緹ˣеһУеһģһ
ļҡ
ɣǣּҾ¥ʮĵطҡôܵ
鲻Խ̧˾¥֮УǾżһ˲䣬ĽŲȴȻסˣ˴ԭأзˡ
һµӣԼĪʮ˾ֳ꣬һȣ΢ЦŴӳ˳
˲Ǳˣˣȷе˵Ǽ֮
ǣûа㹦һģȻδϰ䡣
ˣ˵̬Ҳȫ
Ϣü֮䣬ȴһɷ֮ʱ᳤죬Ʋɵ
ǰ꣬һЦݣЦлŵ㵭аһ׷ŵ˹ӡ
⡭
޷š
Сӣұӣ໨¥չҪһûᣬӣҿɵȥžĴȣҡķɿ졣
⡭ⲻðɡǸСӵСʱ¶ɫүҶСҪأҶСǵҪүȥġ
ȥͷҪʦɸˣȥʲôã
⡭Сɫ࣬ҶС㻹үī˵ѧʫʸ踳أ¿״Ԫʫǿ϶ɣǵһġ
үҶСƯͻݣϴη˼ϲĺܣ˵Ժ󡭡үү߰
Сӻû˵꣬˴ţͷҲص˵һҵ˵ȥƾ˼ҺȾˡ
û˵꣬ѾˣСһ˪ӣˣү֪϶ٲһٳ
ҶСǶүкøУҶСֺãòҲãҲã״Ԫɳү֮ϡ
ƫƫүȴ໨¥չ޷⡣
໨¥ʵ¥³ǱȽµ¥糾ŮӶˣղòףͨ黭ʫʸ踳Ǿ޲Ů
չ໨¥ͷˣ˵װ׵ӣ¥ŮӾ¥Ůӣүô޽
ˣҪǱү֪үȥ໨¥ү군ҲŵùˡСӿҲ֪ʵү˺ãá
վھƵ֮⣬ĬĬĿһУڸղţȴûһۡ
ף磬ֻһͣˣû˭ܿ
ΪʲôΪʲôһң
Ұʱĸȥ˽Ӷ飬ƿ飬ʮ꣬ӵ鱾ȻĴ䣬ΪҵʱĸִǼԡұڵôУҲûĴ䣬һֱμӿƿšˣһֱ״Ԫ
Ϊʲôһ磿ʵڵƽ磿磿
߹磬ǿʲôģҵ֮ģǿ֮ģأ
Ȼ磬Ϊʲôһ䣿
ӣھ¥ĴУһվ֮á
ˣûһ˿Щʹд˹ȥ
СĽ˵ĳɫζȫķ˾ʳиĸǱ˪
еľôʵȴá
еˣޱϤֳİ
ȻֵĻþУȴ·лɫһʣֻӰ䣬ޱȹ¶
õģʵģ
ߡʵģõģ
ԣⲻҵ磬ֻҵħ
Ȼ˫ۣǹϻ
磡
ֻķ·ǰľ¥ʳȫʧˣ
ȻûлصУһսս죬ԣ
ǡ
ǰʿǵɱ֮һݣʱʶʲô
糱ˮһɢȥһɲһӰüͷһ壬Ȼˣ
Ӱһһ̣һӪ֮Уһʮ꣬׵սףһǹĽ֮ɫ
꣬ɫӵı۾
ԼԼ
Ϊʲô
ʮ븸ĸִϰ䣬ʱ˵ʮ겻ܴﵽһأôȥӾս½磡
˿ʱӾԼˣ
һԼһ磡

ӪУڰϣһͲĬĬĲѩǹǹģʵЩˡ
٣İɣһսһʮ꣬òӵϱһ˹һ߳һߺ˵
ӵĵ˵ͷţ±
±սܻŵģû£һӪģһҲһ͸Һˣһ㣡
áõġЩ۵ϣһлЦݡ
սˣʿɱ嫵ϵƶ忪ˡ
𣬵⽣Ӱǹۡ
ڵľӿˣȻǸòӵϱȴҲûл
ȥʿ͵һҲûУ֪ϱ֡
һĹϣһۣһּ㡣
һ±鳤̶ǰٷ򳤣ǧ򳤡
ǹԽԽʵԽԽǿԽԽ졣
ģҲһϱһ±飬˵
û£һǾ͸Һ棬һǣ
۵꣬ӣȴһһĻΪݹǣܻ򿴵þɳ󣬳һһϱ
һֱţÿʿһΣȻǸȴֻѭǰ㼣ȥ

ĬĬĿıǨˣЩֳõģҲʵġ
е˿õģ磬õġ
Σټ٣û˵塣
߲Ŀǿ飬һݻԵһݸһݶ֮ĵ⡣
ʶȥƻ磬ֻѭ㼣һĿȥ
ֻһͣʱǨ۲׺ɣ

֮⣬һƬڰ֮Уƽ޾գ޴۾ûκεɡ
𡭡
˲ֻڵڶˣѾһһҹˣ֮ĵĸ˳Ծ
߲㿼֮ģһ飬ͬʱҲһĪĻԵ
οı⣬ڿģ޾
Ȼһǧδ˽߲㣬ȴ֪µ󷨣ҲС
ǡֻء
Щ֮е֮ӣֻ֮УҲʧҡ
Ƕ϶һжõħϵƻЩ磬Ȼµĳ֣ǿԼǵľͻʧãȻֲ嵽˭ã˭ʵֲ嵽ĸԼ
һʧ֮Ӱ쵽պΪ
Ÿֻصĺ壬ҲǾ˼ʮˡ
ȻڵڶУͿ٣ֻأβԾ
ϧ˶ѾţһԸͽܣұΪ걾ֻͨǵõʲôûԵȳɾͣû뵽ڸ֮ķ棬츳
ҾͿֻá


183 ֻ
ֻУʱѾʧȥ˸ֻ߹ˣˣһжӡԺ֮С
ÿһѡʱһȫͬ
ɻڴԼҲǵԼ
δԼͬӣͬŮ
˹Ϊ丮ѾΪʹɷޣ֦ɢҶ˹һ塭
ϽȢˮΪޣؽϲ䣬ΪϽ֮
ȻҲ޾ɫҵһΣûеõħȺֽŽȫϣĸţ򡭡
һʼձĹ̬ϲ
νġڡԭ˴¡ȥһ㣬ڡȫͬĽ
ȥǡ򡯣ǡһһεֻء
򵽵ĶԽԽ֮࣬ĲǰֻǼ򵥵ļᶨִţӣǧ

֮⣬ˮѾȴҹ
ʵӵڶ쿪ʼѾϣˣѾУ򲻿ȥôá
ڴ֮ǰû뵽
һᾪϽţôˡ
ϣ֮˵ʲôоϧʹϧһЩѹ
ǽֻԼȥĸĳҲҪԼˡ
Ȼ϶ˣȴû뿪ʥء
Ϊʥ뿪Ĳ䣬·ҪҰ֣ǽõʵ߳ȥĸʲ߳ɡ
߳ɵĸʣҲðգȻǣڵعҹ֮󣬳ʥأ֣ˡ
˩ƥӲĳˣ˴ƬƬѪһƥֱӱԵ˴룬ƥҧˡ
ֱӾ룬ûǻųȥĸʲɡ
Ȼðôա
ŴϵĿڴһЩõĶȻʱͻȻɭ֮ӨӨ۾
ƥǣ
Ƕޣ൱׽۷ߣԸΪʳȻҲԻ
ҿ󻹿ţڸ֮ǰӻʥأر˴
ˮʥء
©ƫҹ꣬ʱʳˣЩʳȻǺӺ͹ͷ󺺴ŵģǴҲ࣬ΪʳˮϽɭҵʵҲñ涾
Ѱʳһ⣬ƥǾţǶ֡
ɽһƥ߰˰ٽƥǧƥǾһʮ⣬Ҳǳʮˣ
ʮʱ䣬Ĳ֪ôˡ
ʥУǾ͵ÿ
㣬ô졭ˮŶӣС˵ˡ
ȷڲʳ»ʱ䣬ǾͲѰļУõʳֻˣΪ˽ʡÿ춼Եĺ١
ɫ԰׵ãһתĿһ˿ᶨ
Ψһһϣȥ
ʱȻ˲ԼǴˣɹؼǣ㴳ʵһ磬ﵽ׽ڡ
׽ڶԸƥ׽۷ĸжܣ
ƥǣû£ô߰ĻҰ֣жϣ
ǰδеΣ

ҹѪһְֳذ׵ڴϣĲذϵѪ¹ˮһذ֮ϣɭȻɱ
ĳһʱ̣ͻȻ̧ͷֻ۾ǰգĿдһ˿غ;衣
˭

꣬ҲΪɱֵ˹һɱ֣Ŷɥ
һֱվе΢΢һ⻹һα˲
ңǳɱֱֵôֱֻǣ٣֤õ粢μѾֵУŻᷢҡ
ʵͶڣȴֱ˴ûãҲνʵûʵҲʧȥ壬٣棬ѾǵھʮŸˡ
û˵Ҳûκζɾš
ɱü϶ոֻǴѡ
̤նȥھʮŸ磬뿪ʱˡ
ʮź󣬻ô
ֽеǹų߾Ŵ磬ǹļ¡
ΪǾų߾Ŵ磬ٳһأ
֮УһƬ磬ʲôûУֻĹ㽥һ꣬ңң
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ǵһٸ𣿿յ磬ֻҵıǰʮŸеңÿһڵҲһһٸеңȴڵҡ
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˭ұ˭
üֻһ
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Ǽٵģ
ҲǼٵġ
Ǽٵˣ
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ž֮ǹһ
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ʱȻתΪһžŹһһֻأһ
Ȼһȴһʼġһͬˡ
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ͻȻһ㣬̾㲻ͬΪҾ˾žֻء
䣬ǰȻĹӰɢˡ
ӰڿзһȫɽڣûУʧ
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۸ӵľѵ˸ĲᶨˣֱӾͻΪЩӿʧң߾ѣ߱ɰ׳ա
Ȼħռ䣬ƬѾ˵ֿ龰ľ飬ֻףΪͻȻıʣΪΰֻص磬ȫӿı֮С
Ѿ͸ֻأ˴οӦ
Ϊλˣ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽӣҲӽˡ
֮˷籩У֮ǳӴ󣬹籩оܽľ֮ˡ
籩ԽԽͣһҧԼȫ֮УҪѹơ
·һӾ֮гֱǺɫķ籩С
䣡
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184 ֮Ѫ
ƽˣУѶѵ˾
û뵽Լõ˻Ե
Ȼҿ˰ֻغģôͽֻɡ
ȫƽΧͬˮһʧһص֮УǰշһˮưĲˡ
ϲ㣬ͨ˵߲㣡Ϊһͨȫߣ˵Ȼ˵ǵϲĻȴǱ
߲һѾ˰ɡ
ţҶˡͷԭͲڣΪ񲢷ҲûνģֻǵУ磬ǵ硣
ھֻ֮֮˱ʵı仯ӿʼֻüִ֡ţڣ֮ƺϵĳִҿˡ䡱͡ܡ
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ģֻ⡣
Ըоֻ⣬ҪʤǰĿ౶һʮֿµ⡣
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Ȼԡ˵һսУżȻõ֮Ѫ
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ۣ֮ˮзŵĺɫϸ˿֮ѪѪ飬ʶ쾧סԷɢߡ

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ܴ½ֻҲǸŵġ
ֻܼҲǻѪޣֻ
˵ĽԾЩѪޣЩޣóһǿֵޣǿ
֮ǰԵĺ赤ǺֻǻѪޣѪһɼˣһź赤ҲǼֵǡ
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սڣԪһ˿֮Ϊ͵ʱûԣԽߵľ磬ͻԽĺôˣΪ̫ͣԺú˿֮Ѫ
֮һȻ֪Чǹƾţ֪һ޴ĻԵ
ʵΪǰԼ֮Ѿˣ
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ԭˣǰû֮Ѫȡʲôô
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֮Ѫӿ꣬һһεĳĿھʹʹоͷ·һ׶Լһ㡣
̽鵽֮ѪԼڵĶЦѣôȥ֪Ҫ²ܽյ
Լһ󵰸⣬ȴֻǿüԲš
һ߷ӡ֮Ѫһ˵һὫ࣬󽫽֮㣬㲻ҪóȻ⿪Σա
ԼڶûﵽöãҲ֣֮ѪѪȻֻССһ㣬ȴҲڵܼԦģҪֻܹԼΪ̫͡
еʧڵõһɾ޴֮ȴ֪޷ʹʱʧ֮顣
˵һ;ѭ򽥽ӵеƣѾ붼ˡ
˵꣬ͻȻһ˵ʱ䣬ڵ֮Ѫͻ䣡
֮Ѫٽ֮󣬷·ͻȻʲôֲĶһӰֳľ⡣
ͻҳ壬ֻž࣬Ȼóռ֮ȴѹ֮Ѫòƽ
֮ѪƺˣƴĵֿϾֻһ˿ѪѣѪҲֿ
ԽԽ֮ѪѪ鿪ʼˡ
һֱ֮Ѫ֮ܵѪĿ־壬΢΢һ㵣֮ѪѪȻޣĸ߰ȴһôͻȻ˺£ѵǡ


185 ں
һħǿߵľѪԼȻˣ
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ʱתô죬ħȻ֮ѪҿΣ֮Ѫƺ׾ٵ顣
֮Ѫħ˵ĻȻܻǿħȴ̫ˡ
ϾħպֵľѪȻ˺ܶ࣬ǿ䡣
ҲЩˣʱ֮ѪѾ֮֮࣬ѪƴҪʼ༡г壬·ԸУҲ뱻ħյ
ʱħǣ֮ѪͻȻô֡
֮Ѫᣬڳ֮УԥĿʼںϡ
ںϣǱħȡ
šǡ
ħϵķɶ֮Ѫ֮ѪƴںϣȫѪԸоκʹࡣ
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ҪںѹǿղУ̾ϴḶ́ʹޱȡ
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ʱȻҲ֮ѪʼںϣĿһۣעӡ֮ΪѾȫûбҪˡ
ħ׷˶֮Ѫ֮ѪʱѾں˴룬ͻȻʧ֮ѪĶҲƺԥҪҪ̳ܣողͷ֮ѪͻȻܵһɾ޴ѹѪһ̷˸ղŵ룬ʵʵļںϡ
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186 Ƕ
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ʱ۵ȴ޿־ͻңҧƴĴ߶Ԫӳļٶȡ
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ŶõġŷӦˮæҩһҩһ̲ס͵ղ赭дıƳڶѪһĻ̵ӡ
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Ϊֻսǿû뵽ְ취Ϊˡ
֪䣬ˮѾܵˡ
ҩͿĨ˿ϣϵʹ̼ˡ
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⾿ô£Ϊʲôޣע⵽һԸǵʬ壬ôʥصġ
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ЩΣû뵽ȥ죬ôΣ
ֽȡһЩ⡢ˮͷݸˮ˵ûˣȳԷɣһǾͳȥ
ֽһôǾܱʣʳŽȥöʣʵĺܡ
ˮЩʳԾһڿˮ
Щ죬ԵĶӲӲĸζͬˣһ컹ֻܳһ㣬Ͷǰˡ
ڿôζʳˮˮˡ
Ͻȥͷ⣬ԼҲץһ飬ڴڵĳԣһԿţʱ˼ҧϣȴֻ˺һС顣
ǰˮԾάŮ
кЦ˵ȳԣҳȥ
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һ죬һŰɫĻʱţǻĻߣĻһ㡣
д󾪣һĻ棬һμ
ȻֻǼСһŻ磬˾ȻƵ˼Ż¶ȡ
ң֮ǰӵĴУûжֻ棬Ҳ˵֡
׽ڶԶ͹۷壬һжҪȫ޷ˣǰ̫꣬ˡ
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ţ伮عһ߲㣬֮ţȥôãѵȥ˵㣿
ԽԽɲˣȻдҹӦñմȥԶɣҲǧǰһҲȥ˵㡭
뵽Щȥˣʰ˵е˵ΪѾ죬˲ƷŵϽ۹
ʱĸ֣ʵĴŷɥʱϽΪϽǵľʦϲʹҲϹϾڲʱҪΰʵλ
൱ĻǲζţԺҲʥʵܻͻ죬Ǹĸ߶ȡԼڼ֤һֵĳɳô


188 ˮ˼
ʣЦЦ²ν֮ˡ
˵еľң֮ȷʵˣкܴĻԵŬĻҲϣѡ룬ʵһءû˵Լͨ˵߲㣬̫ˡ
ҡҲȥĻͻȻ٣ޱȿʵΪĸؽϲ䣬ܣΪʦ
ʦĳˣٺڵĸ֣̫Ĳ࣬ܿһ޷ﵽ
ȥأǾζţٻΪմһĸ֣
ܿ죡
ʱؽϲ仹ɱˣ׾٣
뵽Ծս˫ȭҪǿǿƿԼˣ
ӵĿһۣó͸¶Լͨ˵ڼ㣬ȴһԤУȥ˵㣬ܳʱ£㣡
Ͻ˳ӢۣһδӢ۾վԼǰƽȻҲףԼĲ̫ˣԼߣԼ
ˣֻԼա
ʱѾʥصڴ˴һ̤Ȼ˵ڲԶľʬƥԵ˴롣
ΪϽʪȣʬѾʼһȺӬΧʬȥʮֶġ
֮󣬲ԶĹľԱһζһƥǴ˳ɫ۾׺ݵĶ
żոʧ٣ôҲ鼫Ϊ꣬ʱκǰȥ˺顣
ƥǣˮСЩףʶĶ󣬶ȴɫ糣֪ⸯʵࡣ
أ
ХһȻצӣֱʺ
ЦһϰٹԪϷʸһû˸ǵ塣
ۣ
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ʵˮЩ٣ٿĿ˳֮顣
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ȥĶʵ
ҸطǰȻԼȥ򿲿ǸǴɵΪ㸸ĸ𡣡
׼ȸɵǴ򣬶һȥɽݵûмֵڻ򿲿ʥ֣żȡ
ھȥɱǴ򣿡
סˣǴΪ벽죬һôֱֻж͹۷壬Ȼ֪ʵˣ̫ðˣ
Ͼ׽ںͶ͹ڵĲ࣬Զ͹ںڵĲ
̲ס˵ľ֪ʵǿǴѾֻ̤졭
ûϵʲôʵĻҲȫ˵ģ߰ɡ
˵ʲôǿѾתֻ̾һտڲˡ
ܸоһִܹˣ׸ı뷨ǳʥ˵аգӦñаհɡ
ţƳߵãȴһֱıӰС˵ģżתһתҲ֪ʲô
΢΢һ㶣ףˮϲˡ
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΢̾һúĲ̫ˣõĸ飬Ҳȥݲ࣬һо˳Ȼɡ

Ȳ䣬ϽڶССĲһܲ۵Ĳ䣬˿ǧˣΪλһɽУɽȵ峿Ե
Ȳ򿲿ֻʮǰ򿲿乥ݣڻ򿲿ūͲ䣬ѾɱˣµĶˣÿҪ򿲿ţ˿顢ơ
еʱ򣬻ҪŮϽĸϵ壬Ȩ߽󹬵Ҳиϵģ򿲿ˡ
򿲿󽫾ƽ̶ӣӵڶ󹬼
ȲȻط󣬵ΪϽһͨҪƽʱ˲٣ջ¥ʩһӦȫ
ȿջбȽϴһˣһ죬ȿջŮһУʮӣӴ˶ңһѵӦһߣŮӶɴò⿴ĳͤͤŮˡ
С溬ЦӭȻͲ󣬲Сľ飬˶ǳ׿ˣǱڡ
Ͻ岿䲻ϰҲ廨ţӴңŮӴɴģСöҲû̫⡣
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Ϊһ˸͸ˮֻڣҲ㲻̫ۣο˻ò͸ˡ
͹̫ˣǵϷʣˣһһ͸š
С˵꣬ڵĴϽȥ䣬£ɾ룬Ҳ⣬ͷסˡ
׼һˣһ衣
͹Ҫ裿С΢΢һЦ͹ػ֪ȵƿϽÿ궼Ҫ򿲿䣬򿲿ᣬõĿɶȵơ
ŶȻˣһưɡҲ⣬ȻôȾƣϾھ¥󣬶ԾƵмо
Ҹһ̳ƻйܣȵҲǷǳģһξˡ
ţá
ҲʲôѵȡϣŮһСӦˣȥˡ
ȹܺƶһ֮Ҳ̾ȷʵѵõζ
ˮƺҲǳζֻɴԷ̫㣬ֻССڵĳˡ
ʱջ֮ͻȻһ󼱴ٵ̧ͷȥ֮ʿźɫı˶ͣ˿ջ֮⡣
ƥͨûаëͷоų߸ߣ׳˶ףǳǧ
ѪԣϳǷŵ˹һƥͼֵǧƽ
òѪԾͲϽƻ˲ٵġ
Ƥ׵ʿӳѪϷΪ׵Ǹ߰˳ߣһ˳ǹ߼䲽ĳȣ೤һǻʵĸ֡
ĸˣĳ൹Ǻͨ߶ȴԾ¶һɱȻǾþɳɱˡ


189 ʿ
ĸ͹۷ߣһ͹ߣһۿǵΪ
ϣȻȵıˣܹżǧˣĻô֡
Сǵιˣһëĵ꣡һƤ߽ߺȵɷʮ㡣
СȻǷˣǵΪȴϵЩñϵǺǻ˵ı־
ͱռ죬ϽūᣬսܵĲ䣬д˿ڱ°ΪūҲΪȲ̫Сѡ
ڵˣƽʱ·϶ҶԴˣ
οǻľˣǲСæͷкš
ʮƣʲôò˾ϣ
ǣǣϾͺáСæȥƹĶˣЦ˵ˮ
汾Ͳλһӡ
ûˣθǰ棬ֵ¶ʱ򣬵úúøһǱųǹĴ˵
켸ֿ֣ӵһתͷӣɫ˼䡣
ţôˣԪʵ
صǻ򿲿ľˣڻ򿲿䣬һд󽫾Ǵ죬ҲǴ򣡡
Ŷ¶һζЦݣû뵽Ÿյȣмֵ鱨ˣǴҪˣԼá
ʱ̳Ƥһƿ⣬һ룬Ц˵٣İϴֵʲôʱ򶪹οֻ̽·ѣҵ˼ֱӾܰһͷСĸ㶨ˡ
Ҵˮ޿ɲ٣ļ޶УֵܽȥǾǴȷ棬̽·̶ϣȴɱͿˡ
ʱѾˣĵطô̫ƽϸ޳ûҹ·ΣգȻǲ£¹شҪƥг̣Ǿ͵òʧˣǽסһ죬ϸϵˮ󡣡
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˵ȵŮ˶ӣҿڣˮһԣ
Ůˣʿ˷ھʵеˡ
ĬĬĺȾƣĿȻûпʿʼϣԪ⼸ھʲô𣿡
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࿿Լʵ˴ӻľˣƲľ竡
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ƹĿɲһת˵ոջϷһˣҲû취˰
ƹôһ˵˵ĿʱһͶ˹üͷƹȻ⽫ìͷתϣֱ֪£ȴ˳Ҫˣĵȴҵģ
ʿƹôһ˵ʱЦˣƤľʿЦ˵ԭ˵ˣҪǼסһô֤סġ
⼸˵ĵϷˮɫʱ˼֣¶Цһ


190 ֻ
⼸˵ĵϷˮɫʱ˼֣¶Цһ
ϵı֮ǰµǰ˽Ʒʱ˶ĿΪЩ죬ɱǴҪǹΪԭҵ˿
Ԫ˵ֻ˵Ǵ鱨ڿˣ׼ôǣ
Ŀɱɨʿһۣܣϣľɱǡ
һüһС湻ݵģԼڵĻЩʿûǿŮ飬򿲿䱾һҰĲ䣬˵Ƕˣǿʲô
ǿŮĻɱҲΪ
Ļǿ¾ûôˡ˵
ûôǾͻһط򿲿ľˣҰײУھεͳְλˣûһȡ֮
򿲿ӵķʽǾײУһȺһľˣǵԣս޲ʤ޲ˡԻ˺޵˹һǰϲʱɱ٣°ӣ޶ƶΪūֽͽԵ
Խ죬ˣ޲ðȫɱˡ
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ǾֵʱȴȻˣ
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ͷǱǹľʿ۾оһ˲оԣһժǹһ󲽳ʱĽŲȴȻһ٣ƤʿĲϣƽʱɱ͵ͷȴ·ͻȻɵһСһס
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ΪƤʿĲӣƤʿѾӦʱֻԼ·𱻶ҧסһ㡣ְϣԪѾ壬ֻҪһͻ
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вȫãǹʿߵϷ֣ҪΪ㣬ҼƵģļ󣬶ҲͬʱԶʹá
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תֻأȴûһ۷ӵļ糱ˮһľ֮ҵʹȥ

ֽʿһҽУ֮ɫн飬Ŀ⳹׵ĴˣֻʣΨһͷϵĻصڲƵľ֮Сҵ˭
˭


191 
ֽʿĽͣ˾ԶȻȴɫ糣û˿ľţ΢ĲţѾ˫ĿͣȻǲܴȥˡ
֪ղʲô·ֻһ񣬱öԷ֮ɳմ
մ˿ɲǰèǾþɳĻʿΪ͹ڣ־ѾεսУĥĸǿ
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Ѿαǿ𾪣ÿΪŲ²ʵޣǺܿȴַ֣ԼµĸǴģֻĸݡɲ⡣
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ϵʬ˫ĿãȻĳֽʿĶڲƤʿľ׵ʼһ񽫳ֽʿɰ׳գҲֻգ۵ʱ䣬͹ߣѾĸˣ
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ֻں߰˳ŻˣĻͬħһ㣬ͳʿľ
Ͻ˶ڽڲ棬ȨھȨ䣬ƽ̣ʹ֮࣬
תֻһ˵ȻϽиٹ̡
ſڿӣΪһ㣡ͳʿɫ˵
Ų㣬ѡˣȻһЦͫɲ˺ɫƣƻڻתţô۾


192 ȸ
ȻһЦͫɲ˺ɫƣƻڻתţô۾
˫۾ͳʿ͸оһĲ˵𣬲ֻأͳʿ˵ǼٵģΪתʮһú
Զ𣬲ֻأˡ
ǿĳħҪµ߳ͷ
Ϊ˵ĶǼٵģǻղǷ·˺ѵʹ࣬Ǳһꡣ
ٽ֮ǰֻתͳʿҶģһ˵ء
ң书ʧʲô˵ܵõʲôô
뵽ͳʿԥˡ
ôǺûСЦеʵ
ͳʿһǳ鶯˼£۾˵ʰɣһش⡣
Ҳ뿪ˣ±ת֪ת˵ǻ򿲿ĵˣν˵ҳʲôã
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ܿ⣬õԼҪĴ𰸣Ѿȷϣʥǻ𾫡
ƹܲʥĻƽ̣Ϊﵽڡ
ǴȥˮĿģһĿľλںˮԵĺӲ䡣
ӲֻһС䣬ԭˣʮǰӲ䷢һѸٷ¸ЩΪܶ˿ڵļ룬ӲѾչ˿ڡ
ϲڵʱϲͻ򿲿໥ƺ⣬˭Ը⿴Էǿ󣬺Ӳ棬ֻҪÿһЩƽˡ
һǰϲƽⱻƣһЩСȫ˻򿲿ߵķ⣬ʲôʱԵʲôʱԵ
ӵĺӲȻʵһ飬򿲿̲Ӳ䣬úӲ˵ū˻ػ򿲿䣬ıΪǽưԴ»
ǴˮĵһĿû⣬ڶĿģȴгԾ
Ǵ˴γ̲Ӳ⣬Ҫ˳Ѱһֻȸ
ȸǽ޵ʥޣкܴĹϵ
롢ȴ˵еޡ
޵Ŀϡޱȣ˵ܴ½Ҳѵһλ顷ĴܣһżȻĻͽս򣬶չزʮɡ
޵ǿ󣬷󣬾Ҳ޷󼰡
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ȸ궼ڴࡣ
ʥ޵޾ͶܶˣҲֻ˵ܴ½ʥҲϡĺܡ
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һֻȸֵǴȻûͷԷ赽ȥ׽ȸĵزֻѰȸĺۼܲռһЩȸ֮ף˵ȸϲϢǧͩϣǽĵط»棬Щȸ֮ס
ǴѼȸ֮ʥãѼȸ֮Ǿ͸׬ˡ
ȸ֮ףҲĶҲǷǵõɣõǲʥǲĻ𾫣ȸ֮ףҲǻѡ
°ͣϽΪʲôһֻȸʥ޵ĳ֣᲻ĳйأ

ˮӽǧԽԽա
һߣǴɽɽߴһɣֱ˵ɽѾ߹Ƶĸ߶ȣ峣겻ѩ
󣬺ˮѰжȫչˣ򿲿ѰʮֵӣʿͬʱҲɳ˲ٸ֣ЩΪձϣеĴﵽڣֻǱǴԲһЩѡ
Ѱжһֱʮ죬սȴʮһëһǶûںˮ˼ٸʿ
ǴҲȸ֮Уһ涼ûҵʮֲˬˣָһ󹦣õƽ̵ʶһλǿԲˡ
Ǵ鲻ѣӲ䣬йŭ
ӲܹˣеľӲǧлвεס
һսӲһ·ܣͶľӱ²ȫΪū
򿲿ľ񲿶һ·ɱ
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䣡
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ģĥĥģ

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ʿǿŴСĽϸȫѵĿյϣܿͶѳСɽ
ĬʿڳûƲʱ˽һǮƣҲռŮˡҪά޵ԣιǲеġ
죬ھҵģݹŮǺŮһʿƳһʮŮ˴Ŵֲ·϶Ĩ˲ľңģٲȻŷջѾСˣϸǵ֣ϸ۹⻬ûаӣ֪һŮûɹػ
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ʱǴɫһ䣬͵Ծֻáꡱһ죬һӰһ˼ĽǶȴǴ䣬ֻһ飬һ󷭹ͻһѪ
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һֻ۷ĸ֣ﵽ豹澳磬ȫԪΪָ֣ҪɱҲò͵Ϯ
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ѾݲǴϸ룬ԷĳǹѾֱʺǴ򵽵ǰ벽ߣڱ͵Ϯ£ȻܿٵӦֽеıһն˳ǹǹϡ
ϣ
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꣬ȻеǹǹֻͿһɫϣԭɫ̫ˣҲ͵Ϯһ˲һɫסòֻ¶һ˫۾档
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һǴһ˵ϣΧγһɫĹĤ·һĵһ㽫档

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һǹǴĺԪٴɢǴǴѪ˫ĿĹâʧȥʶһ˲䣬һڶߣϲ꣬ɱ죡
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ֽǴʬֽ䣬ȫʿ²㶵ѻȸ
û뵽ﵽ벽죬ϽһǴ򣬾ôɱˡ


194 ʥ
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΢΢ȻɱǴҲܸıЩ²ˣϾֻһˣ赲һңȴЩ²ֻūۺ
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197 
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198 
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Ȼ϶Щĵƣ߹ƶܵģûսпܶԸ͹۷档


199 ɱ
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߶漫Ϊ˽⣬ܸݺϸ΢ֳµȼ߾÷ǳ֣ڴɽΧشôӶߵȼ棿
Īǡ
תĿ˼ԥ֪òøλǰһ¡
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ͷ棬ֽгǹ
൱ߵ棬⿿ȭͷԸЩˡ
ߣ˫̥ŮǸ꣬һһ޶ˣʶ˺һЩⱻ꼰㣬˫̥ŮϻһһϢĶʦ֣Ͻñˡ


200 ϵ
ɫ棬൱ߣû뵽ɽĵײ㣬ЩΡһɽ߶׽ڣ͹ڣҪֺɫ棬Ǿһ
ȻԸ֣Ҳû룬ʱѾһ³һ
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ɲ
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ͺñһͷ׶ǹ׻㻢ûгҲɢ֮ϡ
齫ˡ
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ֻҪ׵磬൱ں۷ߵɫ棬Ҳܰô
Խͷų統ɲƷ
пܣȥʶһ´˵е൱ߵɫ棬һЩϵĻֻ֪кֱ仯뵽ڴ֡
Ȼܿ죬㷢Լ̫ˡ
Ǻɫ濴Ϊ׵繥ʧܣתΪ幥ˮ׻ֵβͣһݺݵĳ
ȻΪ͹жٶ۹ٶȣԲߣ
Ŀһʩչٿʧԭأ
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ɫ֮ܿ㱻ȫգһεĳɳһЩȥһʮųɫ飬㹻һɡ
ȻһֱȥӸ֮󣬳ɫ֮ûʲôˡ
ʱԼֻȥѰҸǿ֮顣

ڲԶ˫̥ŮΪ׽ҩȻ׽˵̫ˣŮЩͼҩҲֻǿסѡ
׵ֶˣǿˣ㵱ʱˣЩҲΪ˥ߵԭΪ׵ʱˡ
ȥҪԴһأܼ֮ܲ䣬ܻöһ
׽ʹţŮʦв֮ɫΪʦֵĺߣȴû׽꣬ƺԥʲô
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Ȼһûʲôͻ֮ǰ׽꿴Լ̰ȫȻ֪ԷʱʲộˣûκκøУԼֽϵҩʹ࣬Ҳûó
ΪΪʦܵȣȴ߿˵ǰһ²⣬֪Ҳ϶˵û֣ܶǨŭǾԩˡ
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֯һԣ˵ʦʱ򣬾ɽɽʮ֮࣬˲پ飬Щ鶼ڸˡȻΪߣҲѾɽˣʦľټԼľ飬˵Ҷɽǳ˽⡣
΢΢ͷҲһ㣬߽ƾĺжϳʵĺûʲô
ֵ֪ɽײ㣬óֶ͹ϵ棬ڣȴһͷиһͷڵģͲͬѰˡ
ԼȺȺڲҲеλĻ֣ʵԽߵ棬λԽߣǵؾԽӽɽΪɽ֮ḻɽ£֮ԽԽ١
˵浹ǸЩƣǿռеԴȻͶࡣ
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˵һ£ֵҾǲ²⣬֪ǲġ
˵Ҳûϵ˺ߵĹǣ˵
ţģҲ²ͷԼģǿֻܱ׽ڵѣΪĳֻԵŻ͹۷ڡ
ŶʲôԵȤ
ǰ֪ɽΪ̫֮ḻʱһЩԵĵرֻͨһ֡
ô˵㻳ͷĳĵر
ҡͷǳˣϲռݣֵüԼض೤һЩݣڵ֮ŨȳݵЧãһݣΧиߵȼػ
ܳЩһΧһ꣬һֱغɳΪһǧݣػɳͬʱҲüĺôֱӳôĵرĻ͸᲻óˣһףɳôˡ
Ҷˣ˼˵ͷһŽģ֪ΪʲôҪϢԼȥĵرڳǸô


201 Ѩ
߿Цһ˵ҵڣҲʵУֱһֻͷţܿһСȺҹȥ»ûߵˡ
˳ߵûκ濴أϵĵرҲܹȾָģֶڲ̺ǿ֮˵ϵĵرҶɲֻҶͿ»ʦһ³ˡ
˵ָָǻڵϵ׽ꡣ
ĶԲԣ鱨˵мֵô˵ɣҪʲôꣿ
һϲȷʵ˼Է⣬ܺȵͺˣԥһ£˵һ֪ǲб̸껹ˣֻǡǰܲȳ־Ⱦҵʦܣһʱ䣬ⱲӶҪмˡ
˵ҲЩΪѣԷȻһͲ֪֣¿Ѿʦ֮ǰĶԻˣֻܼϣλ˲Ҫƽϡ
Ȼ˵û⡣
ԵŵСȷʵüƽϡ
ֽóһСƿҩߵ˫̥Ůӵߡ
̽걻ս˴壬ڻŲٱŰ֮ΪЩ֮ĴݲУڵϦ
ץ֣鷢׾ٵĽڵ֮ɣȫյ֮С
Ӵƿȡһҩ裬һҩֱûĿС
Ȼ֪ʦιʲôҩǹ⿴ǵҩӨ͸ӻɢŨҩ㣬ܲµǾǼֵƵ鵤
˵߼鵤һżֵǧƽϡƽ飬ƽģֱߵΪ
ҪܵõֵҩĻԼҲΪ׽ڶƴ˰ɣ뵽ÿĿⶼЩĽ
֮ѾƳټϵҩܿЧѾԹȥһ˹ãȻĿܣصĴһʱûղŷʲô¡
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߶ĽӡͻۼоӲʯͷϣڽӡѾ˵£Ȼζ˿׼ȷ׼ʱ·ߡ
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Ȼ֮ǿ׳һͿȻӲĿγβ׵˿ˡ

˷ʱ䣬ֱӿа֮
׻ɱ
Ը۷ĸֻ֣óǿһУ֮һֱɽжָָ۷״̬ٳȥ
׻֮֯һİɽ˲ųѤҫ۵Ĺ⻪·һ̫ɽƾ
ǿҴ۵Ĺâյɽ֮ĺߺ˫̥Ůֻۣú¡һ죬֮ǰĺҪʮֹ
һۿĳӺɫѨгԭڶѨſǿŵʯ˻еһ˲ˡ
ɽǽµʯ涼ҵʯɽ䣬һ˲䣬ŮⶴѨҪˡ

ʱɽ֮ڣӿѪѾȾ˵棬ǹǰ޴ʬ壬ڴڵĴ
Ȼ֮ʵӦģ׻ɱõԪҲˡ
һΣǻᱻȥӽĳɵԪ൱
һŵҩóһԪʯϵԪֻԻָһ£վɽڲȥ˲ȡȥе顣
Ѿ̽ɽû˺вɽľͷһúɫӾ˼ӲԪſϣǿš
ϲžžĺɫ磬Ҷһ㡣
ǿƥ֮ԴԴϵĴгʣΪӣɽе֮Ż˷ḻ
ȻǺ߿еϵĵرˡ


202 ϵ
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һϲ׼ժͻȻ뵽ժĵر᲻ɻ䣿
û񣬵ǺҲţ뵽к߽
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ʱֻж̶֣ɽҡ
һҧҧ˫̥ú˵ҽȥ
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ָźʵʶô
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ô˵ֻһˣ
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΢΢ʧĵرϾֻһ̺Ȼˡ
߷ʧ֮ɫ˵ǰȻֻǾŰ񣬵Ҳʮˣң񣬾Ӧгϵֻе˳Żÿǧ꣬һ꣬ССԪſУɽһ궴ʵĵطͻʯɰɫ񡣡
Ŷһ˵˵ɽϻһóڵϵˣ
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һ߶ĵĹ涨ҲΪԼһ¡
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߿ѵʱͣˣ˫̥ŮǺĿȡ
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Ԫעае֮У֮ԴԴϵıѩıʱһɫĵ⡣
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ָֽһĨ˽ƷС
ѩĽ⣬˫̥õ۾ֱˣѵǵвɱһͷ٣ڸ⽣ǸǵôԼҲӵбһô
ǵġֽѽڵϣĽ棬ֱӲԪſУЩȻǻ𹤴ģʮ˽ƷҲûããò˵𹤴˽ƷǺܲģһ˽ƷҪϼ֡
ǵġ˫̥ûǸ߶Դεģû뵽ԼҲзݣһı
Сպˣܱܿ˵ϣ͹۷߶ᶯġ
ţšûæͷٿĿ˸мͳݡ
ʱߣļӿĳó˽ƷǶɫ۾գһ£ͳһ˵Ҳð˾ǧƽ𰡣
֪Լõʲôг˼ڴ
ߣ˵ǹܲɣûйıһڵǹΪԲܸ㡭
˵ʧţĻȴдϲ
ôõĵҩƽ𣬹ѡһ
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߿ڸ޷ﵽڵĻƽһӶ׬õĵҩĶλǰóĵҩǼֵǵ鵤
оһ˽ս˵Ҫ
ȵҩƽ𣬹Ҫģߵĸ
ãҾ㣬⹦òҪɱ֮һһͳġ
ǻµ˽Ʒ׹ȣҲҽȥĻӦǻɱ˱ӶĹ֮·⣬ȥ壬鷳͸Ͻá
߽ӹУʱϲ⣬˽Ʒ


203 ٽɽ
һ˽ƷɾԲֹƽȻ˵׹ɱ֮ȹľ޴ֵðʲô
ԽԽãϵϢһǵľ˵ûȡ񣬾ȡˣҲּ֣ıó¾ͱ˳Եͷʣˡ
ѪҲԴߣҲҪ˵ΪѪǵѪкܴҩüֵһͰѪĻܹǿ塣
ϲĵͷҲһʲƵ롣һͷ൱۷ߵĳɫѪҲһǧƽ
ˣڴ˷ֱ𣬽飬Ҳϣ֪򡭡
û˵ȥζѾˣʵҲ±ֻ֪ǲϲ鷳
ӣæͷΨһסľǵʦõ˽Ʒ󣬺߾Ѿ㲻ʦˣȥʦǵõı򻹻Լô
Ǻߣ˫̥ŮҲڿͬ飬ò׵õıֻûȣǿɲ뱻ʦԱܵߡ
˵ͶʦôãûʦõʵԵĺô
ߺ󣬺˫̥ûСʦһ£ʦŽһµİᣬƾ˽ƷһСǺˡ

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ûżȴϢ֮ǰĵԪȫϣ̶⣬ȫڤ״̬
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˫סʼϵе֮Լڡ
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ڣٱŰ磬վֲ飬ܻᱻյ
СС紺һϵĲʳϵ̺֮ڼ˸ܵһЩУرʹĸо
˰ʱĹڽ֮ȫգаӣϲķ֣ϵ֮֮ࡣ
ֻһþŰ񣬱ɣǾǧĳأ
гڴֻϧҪѰóϣʮã
յϵ֮һ·ϡ
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Щ涼̺ѪĸߵޣȻɽΧѪȽϵҲôöԸġ
ӽɽʱѾо˳
ಣ
ǹգһǹһͷɫ˶壬Ԫͷ൱ߵ浱С
ں֮Ѫ˿ϢԪ˵Ҳױĥǿ˲ֹһ㣬򵥿Ԫɱһͷڵ棬ϾԶԶͬߡ
һڳе飬һ̺֮ľ壬Ѿɱĵڶʮͷˣͨϵ飬Ѿﵽɡ
һɽڵλãɽֻʣǧɵĴֱ߶ȣѾĿɽ˸ŵĴִ磬ЩףҲȥԡ
չɽȥʱһһɫѸײڶ֮ϡ

ǿеһЩӰˤ⻹Ϊǰϵǿԭ򣬷ԼĻˤ
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һѪһӣӣֽȡһ·ϣѪǿãȻЧǺԣҲ˷ˡ
򵥵ĳһ㶫һüʮɸߵɰأʼϢ͹ߣ첻˯ҲȣΪ˱۷״̬׼ϢʱսԽԽпᡣ
ԽӽɽٶԽ֮ǰֻ˼ʱʹɽŵɽɽɽشһҹ
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Ҫϵ̽ΧСǰɲ벻Сײһ൱ߵɫ棬Ļܿܽ
Ȼʵڸ߿и·һֱɵɽĻɽҲûʲôˣڸ߿пɽֻܵ羰ܵõһ˿һ׵֮ܵõ顣
ѩɽϲشɼտɫĺ͸Ͼ
ⶼӲʯ䡣
ƾڽ£ȥʵһƬƺƺޱߣǴ˵е˼ɾ
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һͷͨһ꺮Աߣ֪Լ·ߵ˾ͷһΣա
ǰһͷ൱ں۷ߵ棬ͨտۼף꺮һģһɫΪһ壬ϸ޷
òϣɫһַǳĶڴʱ˾£ͷ·ı
ıȴڶʱɱԼʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ൱ںߵ棬ѾʮǱΪԷٶȲԼ٣ǿɵϣŶ㿪һ١
۷棬֪
ǰˣ˭֪൱ߵɫ᲻УǻɵĻԼˡ
Ѿ׼ˣɾʱע⵽ͷɫһ˿֮ɫƺû׼̹
ţһڸʲôʮ־裬ǹûΪ֪ǹҲûʲôãһ㣬·ܵĿ졣
淢ͺеһ˿㯣ݻɾͿ־塣ĺԽԽǿƺھ뿪
һŹֵı飬ûɣͷңʲôҵʵֻʮ֮һ
һ·ϣǿһͷ棬ƫƫһͷǿģȴңΪʲôѵ˵


204 Ů
һ·ϣǿһͷ棬ƫƫһͷǿģȴңΪʲôѵ˵
Ժ͵һͷ֮Ѫ
ûв´ɿ־Լڵһ˿ڳ˯֮Ѫ
ѪʵԽǿ棬ڵѪԽŨ
һֵͼ
һַľηͿ־壬ٱҲ
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һɲǣ󣬳һӰһɲçۻϢȻ

ԪʵʣɫĹâһ˻籩
֮ɫŲ֮⣬ȻƱȻ籩ԶƾɣԪȴֱ籩ȫܣ
Σ֮ʱѾںеĲ֮Ѫھѣ
һ˲䣬ڿצŮӹԣͻȻһ͵һһɷĿ־֮Ϯȫ

ܣܴ½ô
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ĸսУǴɣ
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ſѪڣ³һŴɫ򹥻ŮӣͬʱŮӵѪɫҲԵ壡

籩߰ͷɫصˤھԶѨ֮ԶԪſϣʱ㣬ദڣͷȫǱޱȡ
Ȼƾ𾫶Ի֧ټϾѵ֮ѪӲĻסȫȻڻ籩ˣӰպˣֻҪʱһȬ
߰ͷͲˣԭû˵ĻǿסЩѾս˵ģپУֱӱյı役
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뵽ֽеջ˼
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תۼ͹ѩɽش¾ɽ˵Ѿûавˡ
ʱȴе忪ʼʹ
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֪Щĵر֮Լǿ٣


209 ˵ʥŮ
ɽɽţһȻɽУڴˣڲȸ̫֮Ѳˣ˲ǿѹ
һҩ֮̽壬ЩѾָĲˡ
˿ɫʱ̫ɽҹɽķΧһصĵطЩֵϵĵرΨһϧǣûе֣вź
СѨչͬԱһּ䴩ֻ֦۶ת֮ѾȥʮԶľ롣
̫ɽͻ谵ɭֱһƬڣȫûӰ졣ֱʮͻȻŲһ٣ĸоڿ֮һɹŨĻϢ
һ֣ϵĿ֦ҶദսЩϵҶҲСƬݻƵȻǱ𿾹ˡ
˳ЩսļȥһµԺۼ·ʲôȼĶƬɭﴩ˹ȥ
΢΢Żۼ˼ͻȻĿһѪ
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һƬּĿյϣһֻɫĴڵϣ֮ǰȸ
ԾǣȸһֻȻˣѪϵĴ˿֮ǰּ俴ѪȻȸġ
ֻȸһϢӣشϵĻҲ֮ǰôʢЩζ
ȸһŮпϣɫ԰ףգĽë΢΢Ĳš
ϲŻ磬ɫĵ˸ںҹ֮Уۡ
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Ůӣɫ˼ΣǾԭ·˻أǿߣˣɱԼҲ£ɲԼСϡ
ȻҲܰŮˣҲöԷǷ飬һֵ飬ֵ֪
ҲˣԷȻ֣ŵ鵤ҩóһƿܱȫңҪԼô
ոպһʱ򣬺Ů˫ۣڵӣ֮Уǳһ
Ųһ٣ԭأԥһ£ǹĽһ䣬ǰá
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Ů͸о˽ӽֻǶԷΪߣû̫⣬û뵽Ȼɽꡣ
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֪ûдһЩϽ䣿ŮӿʵЩȻ͸¶һĸ߹
У϶ǡʵ˵²ɽʱ򣬺ŮӸϾ˼һСҲ֪ѾϴߣԲԼʲô
Ů̾һһĨ΢ɲĿɬû뵽һ죬Լ˵ʥŮȻᱻ·ѵ
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ΪԷ̫СŮỳڽ˻ʲôǷ֮롣
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210 
ŮüӳʹͽﵽڵΪ͵λѾ˹˵ΰֻһ˵ӦͺñȲָһŮȥһƶһοƶ˵ĻͲס
ŮӲ˵̽Եǰ˼˵ǰԵĻܷ̽һˣ
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ôܴӦŮһתߡݡλƽʱӴȫˣǽ˲˵ô໰
Ůתˣһתǰ㱻ԵˣԲԣ
ŮӽŲһĻͷǰ꣬Ȼ֮ǰѾ֪׽ǷˣҲû뵽û̽Լܲ³ʲôˡ
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ţԼѹûа㲻ʣŮЩȣΪ˵ʥŮȸ֮Ѫƽʱǿͻɢһѹýӽв֮С
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Ůӵðɣ㿴һΣʩչʱ򣬷ŹЩ
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ʱҲ̫ܣȻ֮ѪаӶѹãΪ̫ˣͺñһСѾԸһͷͻһ㡣
ճ֮Ȼֻռ΢һ㣬Ƕ˵ȴΪӴѹƲˡ

жִ֮ӺŮӱƿڴڵĴʱѾȫǺˮ
Ůתһ˫һգգȻд˲ŵɫ
û뵽а취֮嵽еıԴʶֻж͹ΪһС
ȻŮ֪ɽɽۣͻȻԼһ˾ΪǰĪķһХĻ»ᾪ˵ˡ


211 ֵ
ʲô֣ɣŮӿͷ󺹵˸ƽ
ǰ꣬ԼȸѪѹԵıԴʶǷˡ
ҲʡѪر֮ĳصļ塣
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֮ǰɽѩɽشԼһ˵ȥģŮӺʵ
ţ˵һϵߣԶ֮ĵֿǿ߲ôԶġ˲ϵĺˮԳЦЦ
ŶŮӲӦһȴ΢΢Ծɲֻ׵繥ǵǿ塣
Ƕ׵ߣ͹۷ΪҲѩɽشζţǰܿԶͬߵʵ
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츳ˣִСͳ鵤ҩԪʯҪǮƵʹãѧõģʦҲõģˣע̤죬׽ͨŬһӣҲǵĽֺ㲻ͬġ
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óһִ֦һܣڻտ
Ůŷ֣ʱѾƯĵÿ֮ľǳһ֮
ɫŹ֣굽ʲôͷҪ֮ǰ֪ʵĻΪֻǸӡ
һӵĹȥѾ𽥱ɽɫһεε֬濾ڻУ֨֨
Щ׽͹ͷҲû˷ѣֽȡһޣǶװˣڻ
ŨƮ㡣
ܿ죬ѨбƮζƽʱʳΪĺŮӣζҲ
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Ϊ˿Ƥȫʳ
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ʱֽóһƿƿ޹֮澹Ȼΰͺ͸ֵϣЩϽġ
ʱϽãΪȥΡ


212 
ʽΰ͵ϣڿϣ٣һд⣬ƿصӣŮȫ˵ˣһߣûĸɵĳϻŵӣʱ򻹴ƿƿ޹޵ĵϣ¸һӶһ߰ɡ
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šŮӵ˵ͷʵô԰
ôһֻӣܲȥҧɡ
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ŮӿЦãֻεĽӹ⣬ҧһڣ㶵Լ
Ů΢죬ת̧ס죬ҧһСڡ
ôԣԵòôҲ˲ô࣬ԼҲһȣڴڵ˺ҧš
Ůҧһ⽹۵⣬ͣ㣬ʱֻһо㣬̫ˡ
ʵϣڴųˣٳʳǳԵĶȡˣֲԪűأʱ᲻ϵΧԪ̺ڹʵ棬ʳΪۻ֮
ڿЩ׽ʳΪմȾ˺ȥûʲôô
ԺŮǵһγԿ⡣
ζô˺üԵˬ˺һ⣬ʵԼĳʮš
㣬ǡΪʲôŮһС⣬̫ˡ
ſ⣬ͷҲ̧ĻشҼǿġ
Ůһҭסˣ˵ʲô
갡¥ôˡ̧ͷʲôֵþȵġ
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Ƿ˵Ļ˵
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Ŷõ𸴺󣬺Ů΢΢ʧԭЩΪʵڸҿ丮ѡ˲ŽţѾѡ˰ɡ
˵صĺĵӣٺãҲڲʮ̤͹۷塣
šˡоʱˣȡ򿪸ӣһŨƮɢ
ʢһ룬ݸŮӡ
Ůӵͷ˴һڣȻζ
һֻӣܿ⣬ǻܰԶ˻壬ˬڣ
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Цˣ߹ȥϰٽıӣһȶԲˣʣµı׼ȸģȸӣһЩ˼񣬿ԣЩë£һʱɲˡ
ȸǷϵʥޣȸԡȸȻûⱾ£ǶõģȸǱ𾫵ĺöǴŴڵɱˮ󣬾ΪѰȸɲˡ
ֻȸȻײԣȴöĻԥһ£˿Ŀ⣬ֿ˿ԼƯëҧ˵ͷ
ŮһԿÿЦãǰôûȸô̰أ䰮ëܷ׳ëҲ̫ˡȻһЩëҲûʲôϵԺٳġ
ȸİ£һëüЦװֽ䡣
ȸȻʹ̫ˣܿԵĲֺֽë;úЦǴھȪ֪֮ԼһֻӾͻûҵȸ𣬲֪᲻Ļ
ת˺Ůһۣ˵ȳ԰ɣЩҪȥһ£һʱ󣬻ΪˣĻһ´ӡô
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šŮҲָֻϰʵ轵ȵףЩãˣ첻ֻܴ˵ȸڴУŶûС
Ů´ӡǣֽһЩִǰõĴ࣬ǧпžǲһССĴܿˣǰõĴǲ˳ǾͲʹˡ
αܿŮӳȥΪݣ׳ае顣
ºŮݣֶ벻˶Է۾ֻúŮӲµԼ߶ѡ
ŮڵС̫ͣȻ嵽ȴԲǿае飬Ը
һεĵطǧó֮ϵע뵽аС
ʱһһĹȥ˸ŵ׹ʧݵĹʵҲ֮ɱ
˫ۣ飬һϲһɣǧݾǲһ
һǧҲһӵʱ䣬Щݶꡣ
Ľ˿⣬֮Ԫǣ£ԷĽľ·תţɫ߲ϵ˸ţΧĲľսˡ
ĳȲϵӲһ磬ָˡ
ҹĻµգּʱʱֳ޺ڵĵطΣżһͷ⣬ǸܵϲŵĿ֮ȴԶԶܿˡ
һֱʱ֣һõиɿаĳѾߣʱа͵زһ£ǿҵϹпʼҲС黯һССĸģ
ǰ飬ζɫСߣڣͦ룬аУϹ
Ͳһһʵ
Ȼ̬СǸ˵ɭɭâȴССĶĹ
ԿԿڵ鹥ǲҲԣ
뵽ϵ֮ϣһԭаеĸٿʧˡ
һ̣һ΢ɼģϹָⵯٶȴ˶Ĵת˲ֻصڣ·ʲôû

ɫ֮׵ĴðôֻƬ̵ʱ䣬㱻ճ˽̿
һĻˣĹ󣬶ҹؼǹ⻪ٶ죬֪˸Ĺ켣
ĹܲɱŷݶɱԼĳˣ˺Ůڵ֮󣬾͸ûȥˡ


213 Ԫʯ̥
̫һҹȣվȴ֣ϵ·Ѿճɻˣһϣ߶˸֮һ㲼ϵȻ֮ա
аһ飬гɾ͸С
顢ҲƷֻΪǵ̫٣һ˸ӴԶԾƷֲ
²аеӦǽˣֻǲ֪˼Ʒ
ֽȡһ·ϣչּٴŮڵɽȥ

ʱ򣬺ŮӴһҹĴ˫ۣ״̬˲٣ǱУôƴĹ
˿ǰȼСĻѣŮԳЦЦֵ꣬еԼˣ߲֣ûеطϢҪһ޶ɧţȻʲôΣգһϣڶҲƣʱҪѹڵ͸ˡ
ʱѨ֮⴫һ΢Ŀ֦ȶϵŮ֪Ǹˡ
ţֻһϣʵ־࡭ŮȻȻǶ͹۷ΪϵͬˣŮӷ֣ԽԽ͸Ϸ·š
õôǿʼ˰ɣȡ⼸죬ڵ˵
ţãһ𡣡Ů˵ӣ֮ǰܶԸ飬ûеԪϣԪܿľ
áһϲкŮʡࡣ
ע⵽ϲɫŮһʵ㲻Ǵ飬ΪԼðɣ
۾һգǵͷҲû취
Ůҡҡͷ˵ΪףͨбǧγɵģƷ֣ǵؽƷ
׵ؼΪ֮һˣһпĶҪΪԼúѣؽƷ飬ֻϵĸֲǿգҪϺܴʵ̫ˣű
һû뵽ô
ûаӣѹԪ֮ѪǹƾǷѹסףȫûаաͺñһͯսһӮǸδ֪
ŮӵһҲͰˣ鲻ﵽؽƷ滹̺ԵľѪͱԴ־ѶԸˣҪȻҲڱǣƵôҡ
ЦһȷʵˣŮӵʵôǿȴҲκβ飬ԼæҲǰҪ˳յʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻʲôʵؽƷ飬ߵļֵҲܴɣ㲻õ
Ůҡҡͷ˵ǻ֮壬дԪշ飬˵ˣȷʵҲһѡ񣬲ӣŪ߶һ⣬鲻ֽܷֽСǧ綼ᱻ飡
һû뵽ôԼ̫ˡ
ѵûбİ취ôӡ
ŮӵûµıԴʶҵܷӡҵԹ˲ϾŪԪʯ̥
Ԫʯ̥ʲôһѵ
ŮӼϵԪȻģոյʱǱһʯ֮УʯԭʯͷԪʯ̥ΪͬԴںϣֻҪ뵽Ԫʯ̥Уͻ˳
˼֣Ԫʯ̥ʲôӣ
ŮɻĿһۣ˵ÿԪʯ̥ͬҲ֪׵Ԫʯ̥ʲôӡ
ȻɣԴҵǿɫʯԪʯ̥
ȻԪʯ̥Ǿ黹ԶǺŮԸԼӡ飬ôһϣŵùô
Ůע⵽ϵɫ仯ʶʲô̽ԵʵԪʯ̥
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ֻ̽Եһʣû뵽ŪԪʯ̥ⶫʮ֮УѲɽһߣ
뵽ŮڿĿˣ͹Ϊߣʲôֱǵ죡
ȡԪʯ̥
˼ĲһǳԼԽսʱǱߣȻᣬҪĵʶǲץס
ôҵս۷켶ڶڣһ͹ߣһپǱɱôȻȥְȻ
еЩţôʱ򣬿´ûţڳĽ̵Уǰ꣬ѾһԶɽɽۣϴߣһȣûпɱԡ
޹ƽʮѾΪʵһ⣡
ʶЩŮҲÿСĿ⿴ˣָоֻҪ겻䣬ô졢߾磡
Ůһ˵ȡ飬㽫ӡԪʯ̥ղ飬ҲԽߡ
áŮ˵ݺ͸߰ӦòƭԼ
ʼɡ
ͺŮ棬ϥ
׵һһ֮£ԶʱڴǿԪŮ˵ţֽȡһɫҩݸԼҲһţҩںͺڵΪЧߵòôԡ
Ҳûлʲôֱȥҩ뵤̻Ϊһ֫ٺʱоԪ
ӯĸоѪڣͻȻͻһ硣
о̫ˣҵľͨˣֱ̤һ
ˣץʱ䣬񵤵Чֻʱ֮ƣͣ󣬿ʼɡ
ʼ
Ůô˵ͻȻʶһص⣬ҪպŮڵ֮ȻҪһЩӴ׵λøںŮУҲصλá
źŮӵأĺɫԲŮ壬˵ߣӿˡ
Ǹҡ
Ůע⵽Ŀ⣬뵽֮ĽӴԲ˲ؿȻǾĵط棬ںĵλãô
뵽һҪѹԼزŮ֬ϷһΣʵӴô
Щĵ˵ͷҪĻĿǲС


214 ľ
˵ŮƵı۾Ȼɫ񵭣Ϸ޳ĽëȴһֱţʾʱĵĽš
Ȼ˺ð죬źµĴûдŮӲۣȴͨĿԼأһֻͣ˰գҲǣҲǡ
ŮӿЦãڸʲô
ҡһҲûУҪ꺭׾ǰȻ˼ҲôŤ󣬿ǰŮ̫ǿˣһؤлַһһ˵Ǽٵġһ˺иҪɱйߣԩˡ
˵һַȥһûܰȡ
ûȡҲǨŭġ
ǡ㲻ºҪɱҰɡ
ĻŮû˵ôô£ѵҪҶ֮Ĳɣ
áһİַ˺ŮӵؿڣʱѾȫǺ
ؿڱסһ˲䣬Ůӵһ£ΪŶޱȣؿһĸܡ
ˡҿʼˡһڿˮֹؾصһҲûҶУ糱ˮһϮڸⲻΪһνӴŮˣҲΪԷݴǿҴ̼С
֮ĺܼͦһϣʵûʲô˵츳
ۺԪתԴԴϵŮڣʼǣ֮ͬʱŮҲתȫԪչΧˡ
һǰһ˫лױˣʼҵķײһʱ䣬ŮӲµĻײļѡ
ʱһӴѹػʱ࣬ţһǿƾճ֣ڵ֮ϵȥ
׻ˣʼײԭĻդײ͵ػζŮӽҧݣɫһſžӨĺķȻ䡣
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а֮
óĵƣа͵һ֮糱ˮһӿŮӵڣ
а֮󣬽ϵѹȻ
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꣡һդڱҧϣ
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ŮһϷһĨ죬ȻЩˣȱŶԸף֮
ҧͷźŮ˵ȥ֪䣬ץˣŮֻԼߵŮȫȵţָоּʱѾȫ˲Щˡ
׿ʼе֮ڲϵš
˵鲻𣬵ҲҪԪ֧֣ͻήҲ֮ʧ࣬ͻʧȥ׸
ϺŮӷĻԪ˵ɴǿѹ֮вƫƫ޷
֮ǣɽ˸žžĵ⣬Χռ̺ԪҲԴԴϵĻ۵ͺŮߣΧתγһɫʰ쵵ԪС
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ŮָᵯһųɫĵҩУҩڼһʱоѾݽߵԪֿʼ
ѪʯƵѪ˲䲹Ԫ쵽޾͸˵Ůһ˵ţһ߾Ҫ֪൱켶ǿߵĽһ͹ߣȻ֧һĹŵޣҲ̫ˡ
ȻԪ֧Ȼˣܿһ⣬ΪϵĴ֮ڣѾ˴֮аҲѹ˼űĳ̶ȡ
Ԫʯ̥Ů˵
ţһҧóԪʯ̥ԪתЩѹ֮ԴԴϵ뵽Ԫʯ̥Уţ뺣ʧ
һｵһԪʯ̥ʢװΪױͬԴҲ⵽ų⡣
ʱһһţһӣӣʱһʱһʮѪȫ·ˮʪ͸ˡ
ŮͬˣΪˮʪ·Ѿϣճ˵ߡ
Ԫʯ̥֮ѪԪս£ԽԽСϵϹҲԽԽήңѾ𽥵ֵסаӷˣ
ڣ
оһзһͺ𣬶ͺȴ·ɤӷģǷȫ𶯱죬Ǹ߿
һ֮󣬲ױסˣŮҲдŵڸղһ˲䣬ĸܵѪĿ־壬Ҫ֪ڿŸ߰ȸ֮Ѫô
ڵѾɲϸ룬˵ؼʱ̣ҧأԪһʱﵽ˼£
ͣ
µĵ⣬ױӲĳ˺Ůӵ壡ֻԴ¶档

һ֣֮ɢӿֱӵ˺Ůӵ·Ҳȼ
֮¶Ⱥε֮ߣ·ֱӻɻҽԪŵҲˣ
ԪһԪɵ紵ɢĻҽ˲ԡ
Ůɲ糺졣
֮ǰȻץ飬ٸһ·һ߲ҲȥǴδŮôһ˸ʵʵƫƫʱؼʱܽͣǰ
죡㣡ŮӼʱܹ裬ܶʱҪά֣ʱӺݻŮҲʧȥ򶨺ʹݣ¶һ档
ʱĴ⣬ֻǰһƬޱȵϢ̺죬һеһУ٣෢ɣȻôһĹ򣬱Ѿץһû˻ȥ
ڸʲôһ򱣳ӺݻʵĺŮʱҪԼ㣬ȻײȥҪǰһĻҪˡ
Ǹ״ΣϽٳһѪʱҲҶ룬һһǣס
ƫƫǿޱȣۿűǣһʣµһȴŲһֱ
û취һֱû֣źŮӵز
ۿһһȥŮӶҪˣʱȫöݣһξ


215 
ȻͣԪĲޣôֵסǳҩԪʯ̥
һӵսþһץԪʯ̥У
ͣ
ײʵûԪʯ̥ʯ̥ǿжһɫС
ŮһԪʯ̥˫ֽӡֳɷ磬һۻҵɫԪʯ̥ϣʯ̥ȫķסˣ£ôˡ
סףŮӻòΧһԪķӡӡº׾޷ԪˡȻŮӺˣ˿ͷ屻һ꿴˸⣬ز˸顣
һԿİզ࣬ȻŮǲǵģ濴ӺݻŮˣǣҲпӳˡ
뵽æתŭ˶Է
˸OO@@Ĵ·ŮӵֽȻҲᱸŻϴ
ˣ
һԱתͷÿ˺Ů˫ַԺ󣬰һͷ·˳龰ںͷٲƮɢڱϣϺŮӴʱȻ䣬ߺףһΨĻ档
һʱЩʧ񣬺ŮӵٽȻ߹ʥ಻ַʣ˲Ǻĸо
ǰС˵ˣ˵һЦǣ㣬ҶţǣΪǴǴС˵пŵ˵ڿŮӣȴе㶮ˣܵõ˼˵ĽЩ׽ĵԸԽɽȡɣνɽ˾ˡ
ţתԪѸٵѹסеͷҲ֮
֮ǰ˵ģȡףҰŮ˵ĺȻһ·ѰĴݣ·ղʲôûƵġ
֪Ȥľڲղŵ飬˵ллǰ
ʶŮһֱĳƺŮΪǰ֮ǰŮӵʲôһΣ֣֪ôľô̶ĺܡ
ôε飬ԷȻǰǲζţһСô
ë˶Ů˵Ҷʮꡣ
ŮԱһܴ飬ĳЩرԭ򣬺Ůӻ̲ס˵˳
ɴ۾ʮߣ
ǰŮӾȻֻжʮꣿ
ΪԷȻᣬѾʮˣϾߵ֮ٴʮ꿴ʮ궼࣬û뵽ֻжʮߡ
죡Ϊֻжʮ꣬ʲô츳
𾪵ӣŮһɾ͸У⼸춼ڳԾҲԾһΡ
ʵϣͬʱ򣬺ŮӵΪҪӵ֮壬ͬʱȸѪ츳ߴƷھ䣡
ʮʮ죬ʮ죬ʮѾֻſͻֻʱˡ
ʮ͹۷壬ƷƷֻ㲻ƽݣǾޱȾˡ
̿ˮʲôʶˣЩľűȣ˵СС丮ˣùȥȲ
ΪͻȻԼ䣬ĪΪǰĳƺˣʮһĲ࣬ʵԽн㣬ȻƺǽвڵģӦýʲô
գգ۾˵ҽ
ûʲôģһǿߵǰ˸Ͳһˣǽǲн
Ůԥһ£촽ǧꡣ
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С㣬黹Ҫ鷳㡣
õģپһΣԪʯ̥һ̶ѹ׵壬ҲһСģȫᱻ飬㿼ôȻǧ֪⣬Ȼܹܵס飬Ҫ߲ܳܵ
˵ͷˡ
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˴Ϣ۷״̬ǧùԪʯ̥ģԽ⿪һַӡ
ִԪʯ̥ϣԪһǿǣ֮͸Ԫʯ̥ϡ
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־һ٣ٶѹʮֻܷӳ߷Ӳǧ壬ڣٴγ֣ڷŭˣ
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ʱһɾӴĻԪ̩ɽѹһѹ׵ϣ͵һϹ˲١
ԪȻǧ꣬Ѿָ۷״̬ͷųССܹġ
ֻʼʱ㣬һ׽壬ҪԼˣֲס˵һץǧҪǿ
ǧһѹ׵һ߶˵Ȼ䵭ȴ¶һɹ֮⡣
ؿǧһۣӿһĸо˵ͷ˵һġ
ãСİɡǧһһ׵ϣƵ͡
һץסףֱӰԼಿλ
رյһƬڡ
ǧ꿴һû뵽ôһصʱ̣ܻԥһ£ȴ۾գһ£ôô
ţƺһ͵һ׻һ㣬ȻǧĻ֮ƣ׵ǿǳ󣬿񱩵֮ȫⱼڣֻû·гǧԼһʹģ
ҧתԪȻ켶֮ǰԪһ
̫ˣɫƻһͿѪɫ鴤ԪͬµİѩһѸڡ
һΣվȾҪȥʱиоԼһĻ֮УһֵֻԼϣһůԪӿڣưܲ塣
ˣҪǿˣȫҪԼ㻺һﲻ㡣ǧ걧е˵
ûû¡ѵĿ˵ǳǿһİգȷʵ̫ǿˣһھͱĹܲ𣬵ܲסаȴܵס
һ˲䣬аҲ˹


216 ƿ
ǿζǰаӷ˷ܵ
ಣ
аӵһͬһĶһϮףֱӳ׵ڡ
͵һ𣬿ʼķȻƾ޷˦аӡ
ӿ֮糱ˮһӿ˵ٴܿϴ񣬺ľþԪټϳڽ⣬Ԫת·Ӳû
ҧأסľʹ֮Ԫʯ̥ûԪʯ̥Ѿűˡ
ⳡս֮аӣ֮ѪѪѹƣǧԪʯ̥׵ǿȫĻǰֱֽһ
Ϊ֮գѾ˻ҽȳƵϣŴŵĺ顣
ǧһֱһԣעһΣվ̳֣ȻޱȲǣȻˣһʼΪܲס׵ͻȻԹЩѣڣȴ·𻺻ҵ˶Ը׵ķڵſʼȶ
״̬ܳȥģ˵ܳɹǧһǿ߲ǿԸףһ͹ߣȻȥˣĸ
Ƶʲô֮ǧĳ֮ǰͻȻƵĵͺԼڵѪΪ֮
ӵеʥѪѲд˵еѪ
ܣѪǧԼͷ²⣬Ϊ˵ʥŮһЩ˽⣬޲µλ棬Ͻ磬޵ҲٵĿЩֻһ
ô˵ӵһصƣֻƿܻûоѡ
ѵѪĻǧ촽һЩˡ
ʱһһţһֱڿ֧֣Ȼаסףɢ磬ȴҪԼܣԪ𽥺ľ㿪а֮Ҳûиıʲô
ʱͻȻ촽һƺʲôĶ۾һȴǧ˳ָһѪιԼߣĴУǧָ촽ĸо
Ѫ̫ʱˣһ£ѪһůȫѾŵ˼޵ľ
УױϵѹаӵĹâȴԽԽʢֱСһ糤ʱͻȻһһֻѪɫ׵ϳŭĳࡣ
ǡµѪ
ոշӦ˯еħȻѣһεסѪֱӰħӡ֮С
ѪɫķȻǿǰã
ֻһ˲ĹѪɫ㱻ħӡ֮У׵ʧˣ˻û
ЩסˣΪҪһֽŲܽѪȻô򵥾ͱ㶨ˡ
ʧȥѪ֧ţ׷·˲ή࣬аӣΪ״֮ȴԽսԽ¡
һʼſƾ֮Щֱײɫɫ壬ʹ
ʧܼΣڱаȫɵʱЩɫȻİʼ־ھ֮תš
ףڱƿˣ
дϲʱ֣ԭаеĸ飬ϲһȦɫ·ϸһһȦ·һצɫ
ƿԵĸ룬̬ˣ
ɹˣڳɹˣô࣬û׷ѣ
һӷֻԴһѣΣֱʧȥʶ
һ˾ȽźͻȻɣεοôʱķĥԪĶﵽ˼ޣ̫ˡ
ǧһֱ󣬿εַסļ磬Ȼڸɲ֮ϡ
ĬĬĿǰ갲˯գǧԺв֪ôһǰרעڿ龰ÿƭȸëǲ֪طһƯĻȡ
һˣϷ·ӵš
ֻɽɽۣߣõԪʯ̥͹ڵΪԼڵ飻ֶҪСףССͣͿƿ
⼸һȥֱ췽ҹ̷Ǽššֲŵǧ꣬Ҳ޷ǿҵĺġ
Ҫ죬ĵĸصĹȣȥĸĸͳɳĵط
ţôֵͷҡҡͷǧ꽫ͷ˦Ժֽȡһɫ磬ΪϣĶᣬ¾Ϣ
˯ˡҪҪ̽һܡͻȻðͷǧԼһ
뵽ԷУһּΪ٬ӵΪΪ״͸൱ڶԷı¶Ŀ֮¡
Ȼߴ״̬ԪγһΣͿԶžֿˡ
ڣȫ˯ߣַˣȫʧȥʶҲ֪̽
ô˵뷨֪Ļռˡ
ǧһΣֳ˻̽ΪΪݣԳݵŮӸԲȥǿҵĺȴͷħһǧ֮ȥˡ
֮ǰʱҲ͵ˡǧҰοţڵܲסջ󣬺쵽ڡ
ǧ̽࣬Ȼ׵ʲôû̽鵽ע⵽λһֵҲûʲôرģһ̽޹󣬱㱻ǧ˹ȥ
̽ҲûʲôֵģҪҪ̽ȥʱָͻȻ˶
ǧһæջΣ
ˣô죿
ǧ귢ָֻһ£ûһ̽ΪȴҲˡ
غţһʱôȥˡ
ȵʱѾڡ
۾ǧһѻʣĽˡ
ǧЦЦ
ţ˯˶áͻȻһľѾȫͨˣ
֮ǰھУٵɫȻͨȫ
ͨ߿ڵı־δͨȴһѵ飬ҲǶ͹ڵڵƿڣܶߣΪƿһ֮ã
˵ƿȴˣҲ˵ֻҪھйעԪͻ̳Ϊһߡ
ʱǧҲı仯ţͻˣ


217 ׵
ǧһɷͬСɣ͹ڵһСƿȻƿԾ˵ʲôǵʱҲ
ҪС⼸µĲ࣬⼸£ͻ᳤ʮꡣ
ʮͻںʮͻźܴĲ
ǧʮﵽڣ˵Ҳһһĳɼȴƽˣ
뵽ƽݣǧĳһһȣԼΪĳɳ̶Ȼʧɫˣ
Ҳޱȼʱ߶˵ǿɼĴڣķܶĿǳΪһߣôʵˣ
ҪҪھתԪʽͻڣʱǧ˵δͨ׵֮ǿԪͨһ⣬ͻڵĻᵼ¸ȣҵǣ㲻Ҫôͻڣȵ͹ڵԪ۵ȻԷ뾭֮УЧá
һͷǧ˵ûǰͻ׽ڣ͹ҲˣԪȻ磬Էͻƾ磬ΪʵǰȻΪĿ죬ǸȣԽͻԽѡ
ǧ꿴Լ꣬΢΢ͷ
ͷŪ˼ǧһʱ֪˵ʲôĻнžžš
ϵڷһζɢ˳
ȻζŨǧȴʧȥƷ£ףֱʱˡ
ѾˣӦҲˣݵҲýˡ
ղ֪˳ĬҹɫŨɽֻвнȼպŨȸҲһ˯ˣǧָ۷ʵ֮ȸע˴ĻϵԪʱȸĳѾʼָˡ
ʲô㡣һֱĬǧ꿪˵
ҵĹңеҪһ¡
ȵĵӣ˵žȣǧĲ²⡣
ǰɡԥһ£ʵʵ˵
ŶǧʵԸԸ˵ǻȴûпڣֻһ֮Ե˱ʦţʵЩˡȡڵĳɼҲͶ˺ܶԴ
ˣΪʲôҪȡѪҺͻȻһ⣬һֱʡ
Ϊûǧ˵ţָָڽﺨ˯ȸȻȸ֡ҵıʥޣҸ쵽ˣҪҪһöʥ鵤ʥ鵤Ҫʥ޵ѪҺû취ֻɽʵѾ㹻ĽһЩѪҺҲ̫ʧԻǲԸ⽻û뵽ԵԪҲֻʣ²꣬ƴҳ˴
ǧ˵ЦһʥԼĸ߰Ѫȷʵһˡ
ŶǲǻҪʱ䣬ȻãͷҲڲŪŲн
ǧһ£ʵֻҪԪȸȬˣǻߣȴӿһĸоĿڵܻҪʱ䡭
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ţáǧҲ࣬һԺ˯ȸȻ֪ΪĳЩԭѾˣ⼸Ҫʹ
֪Ҳ֮µģһʱ֮󣬿ζƮɢȸıǿ׶˶ЩãȻ̧ԴϽƽƵĿ⣬ʱ۷Ź⡣
ʲôʹëģζĿǰ˸ơ
ʱúܿ죬ÿȥԣտڶʱɭһͷޡ
ͨ尵ɫĽޣɣۼףǹ롣
Ľ޾ͽϬţĽĺ
ȻԵֱϵͷޣ΢΢ȣɽǴ涼ֱϵǸ˼ѪףѪȻ͵ˣͷ޿ʮ꣬ĽµģѪŨʵ൱۷ߡ
̫ʱˣҪʵһ׵ҲɽΧҪΧҵһͷ൱۷ߵļƷ޻治ס
ָһһɫĸָ⣬תţ׵飬Ȼ̺ޱȿ񱩵֮Ǵ濴˿ĵط֮ȫ߶ѹڸڲû˿硣
ǿߣͿϵĸɵģΪһʵʵڵ룬Ǹߵȼ׵ı־׵绯Ρ
ͨģѹͻữʵʡ
ްɫͫɱ磬֪޶۵ûаϵĸζ͡
𣡡
޿һצֱĺҪ˺顣
һָֻһ˲ָʧһ΢ɲĹâգûһ˿һ
һɲǣ߷·Ťˣһɫϸ߽ռѳ룬ӽ޿û룬󴩳ûдһѪ
޵͵һһģǰʧˣ޾ôãȻ˵ϣһΣƺûŪ׸ղŵһŵʹʲô
ͺһٶ˻ʱɫĵߴк˿ðȫ֮ȵ֮ý޷ʹ˻ҵţջ޷ˣأڵϣ֮ճ˽̿
һȻԤϣ׵ǳ൱۷ߵޣһɱȻҪ޵ĸ֪޶йأûв
׵׻ɱй֮޲ҹؼǲôԪ׻ɱһ֮ĳԪаеĻ𾫱̫Զ׻ɱЧôˣ׻ɱ͵Ժٵõ򿲿Ļʱðɡ
ţһֻӣص˶Ѩ
ǧҲµһԼտȻǧδչʳȴʱ̹۲ſÿһ֣ƾĿҲյģٲڽȻôգȴղζ
ԡտϾ֮żǧ죬̸̸飬ӹƽܰ
˵糿ȸӭų쿪ʱڵ˷ֱʱˡ
ʲôҪҰôǧոϴų̫۾ĵ˵
ҡͷͻȻʲô˵ɱһˣʵҪɱҲ̫ףʱ̴ڸۡΧˣҪɱ֤ݱץסѱʲô취ô


218 ˹
šǧͷ˼һ˵ð죬ֻҪһþͿˣɱ֮󣬻ʬ𼣡
ǧ겢ûȥҪɱ˭ΪʲôҪɱ˵ϲ˾ѣ޵˾ǳˣƶǷ֮֡
㡭
ǧֽȡһžӨ͸ɫӣξ֮飬֮󣬻γһþ磬߱߳ȥΧҲ֪൱ڣһռ䣬ĳ˸棬һϢҲȥ㹻ʱɱֳ
һϲӹɫӣսֽ䣬ֵξܹ֮ɣ
ǧһЦˣϣ趯Ĺ֮飬ǡ
͵ҪСģξ粻ɱˣȫҪԼ
ǧһɲǵһ˲ʧһѹ컵ͷͷ˵ţаա
Ǻǣ㲻ûаյ飬֮ǰΪܵ鶼ءǧЦЦ
˭ûֱ飬˳Թ֮һȥԣȻ̤ڵʱȴһԤУٴλʱҲǷֱ𡭡

˻ôǧЦȸԴȸȴһԸı顣
ǧû˵Ϣٿͽ˰
ȸգ۾һίС˵Ե񣬺ȵȪ¶ЩմȾĶãǳôʵڹѵζ
ˣǸˣкܶҪ죬´ҪˣʹЩҰζǧ˵ţһ㣬ƮƮɵȸıϡ
ȸ߳Ѩǧĵػͷһۡ
ѨеѾϨ𣬻޹ڼ״ɵ֦ϣеţһ̵ĸɲݣ˯Ĵ
˼ªĲã֪ôȴǧһֵܰУЩԸ뿪
̾һǧֽͳһСƿóһдʲôָᵯƿ·˳һɵ˶һƽʯ档
ѹǹĸоǧȸԴ˵߰ɣ
ȸһ
߷ȸٶԽԽ죬ǧ겻һλͷһۣǶڵɽѾС˰ƴһţۿҪʧҰ֮С
ҲԵټɡ

һֻյĶѨϤĺ¼ѾˣȸҲˣֻ¼ɫƯëëԱƿһö
ЩȻ̾һûие⣬Ͳµ𣬲ĵʱ̣ǾйĪꡣ
ַߵʯԱ£ǼëĦһСĵֽ䣬˴ƿ
ƿĴǧµĵζ
֮Уһμ򵥵֡
ȻЩò룬ǲǶķֱʽȽϺãллΪȡףƿҩ͸㡣
ֱΪ鵤־ԼһһĻΪףԱһƿٶȵľ񵤣һʮţ㵽ʹЧá
һƿ񵤣ֻţ߿ãʱߵΪӳ޵սͻΣգ񵤣ӹһ١
˵Եټǧꡣ
͵ҩֽ䣬̾һ⼸һһ㣬ˣҲýˣкܶҪ
λڻ򿲿ĲʥҪȡǻƽʵ̫ǿƾһ׷ɱԼ·ӣҲûʮİɱ
Ҿɱ˻ƽ̣ԼڵʵղʥĻҲһ׵飬ֻʱˡ
ôҪǻ˹ɱŷݶ
ײѧ׻ɱֵõһа飬ںܿѾɱˣ𣬲ܲ
ŷݶΪֻڣȳϣѧӵеıԶһߣۺʵҲ൱۷ߣǴ൱Ϊɱѣ

Ͻľӯӯʱ˳Ѿ¡
ĺ磬һһĴţ·Ҫ˵Ĺͷ
Ѿͺͺģ϶ѻĻѩѾû˽棬·˺٣ƽʱ洦ɼСһҲˣֵĽֵ񰲰ģֻżȮĴֽںлš
˳ڣҼҶ¯΢ԣļͥΧڿϳŹƶҲһůůθϾ˹Ĺյʵٳض
ڴѩãã˳ǣϽһլԺһˮ¥̨װľݻ
ˮ͸ýˣ⴦ȴһСͷ󣬳ȡӿúˮʱ̱˵¶ȣϻż˯Ȼûп˯Ҷӻ̵ɫļɫʵһݳ޵ɫˡ
ˮ¥̨֮ϣŻš
Ƥ£˿ӣ¹ƤѥϽ¯ǰ̴ľϣ̾µĵģһƣѵһ֦ѡ
һжʾŴ˵˵ĸ
һ˹ʹŷݶһ̻żҼŹŷȡ
Ź񱻷ϺŷȾΪС
Ȼʵǿ󣬵λȹ̣丮̫ӳŷȺԸܡ
ŷݶ¥̨ľɫĬĬĺһƣ˵ûϢô
ŷ̾һ΢΢ҡͷϽʮθӣɭ֡ɽԭ޳ûССĲ䲻ƾһˣࡣ
һǰͻϽͬʱʧ٣ֻҲʧŷݶ֪ϢЩʼֵ飬ȻݳȻܵõȴ޵úܣԱ̻е顣
ŷݶ벽Ļ𹤻ɱʮþȵ飬óκ⡣
ǻʧˣŷݶΪг֣ǰǰȻʧһº֪顣
֪飬ŷݶһҲŻ˶ݵʱΣɣôؼǣȥĶˣ
Ͻˣֻɱ̽鵽ĳ˵ܣЯǱӣ
ֿܣŷݶǺ⣬ĵǣû綾һǱڰУΣˣĳɳٶľ˵꣬ʵͻᳬԼ
ŷݶɫ粻ŷ̽Ե˵ŷˣ簴֮ǰ˵ģļ֣ӦÿԱ֤Ѿˣã
ŷļ˿ˣѽͷ֮ޣȻȴ֪ŷݶ̸ʱһεĽѾǣ糹׸ˡ


219 ھ
ּ𡭡ŷݶһʵַˣֻ˼
ڣΪڵĿ˴һֱҲѾԼˣֻû֤ݡ
ʱֵּĻױֶߡ
ŷȿŷݶԥڵ֪ŷ˵ʲô£ֶ̻Σѹּҵļ⣬ҵּǧˣֻׯ԰ĶأʣµģҪάճ
ּҵļ⣬ּҾҪķѣ룬ҵٸܲ˵ʲôɡּ˥䣬ĸĸҲ˱ʱǰץǱֵἤķŷ˾أ
ŷݶͷֶδѹּȷʵһķҲʲôëּòСӵ̵̻ǰȴֵһᡣ
ãô죬ľһ㣬ҪּҼҵҪСȥˣҪǸҳ֣ұضŪҪǲ֣Ҿۿżĸȥؤ빷ʳ
ŷݶ˵Щ۾һ˿Ĺâ
ŷȺٺһЦͻȻ뵽ʲôŷݶһ˵ŷ˷ģһһذּұϾ·ƵǰŮҵ˿ڲ죬ּҲһˣŮƷ츳ģʱТŷˣɲôҲǺϹصģֻҪּԸģǾŮūˣŷôУ˭Ҳ˵һ
ŷһ˵ţһڵĽƱݸŷݶŷݶӹƱһ£ЦãܺãҾСּҵŮˣҿ³л
ŷݶһƱ¶аЦݣ·𿴵ּ˥ּŮ˳Ϊū¯龰ҲͰˣûȴڰжԸңҾúݴ񣡡
ŷݶڹԸּҵķʱȻеһɱϮ·͸Ĺͷ䵽ţ
˭ŷݶվԪתĿӥһɨܣȻΧûκĸڲԶţٲȻʲôûӡ
ŷɻվŷݶǲ񾭹ˣ̻ܲܲУһ˭ﶯˡ
ŷȸնͷȫ˵ˣ᳤̻ʱȴɴ۾һı飡
ĿһòݣЦݵ꣬ӿл£ںϷЦĿԼ
ɡУ
ŷȱҲһߣȻΪߣȴжһ˵ζʲô
ֲֻܷУ
һɱԼܣ
ŷݶʱˮƵĶſе꣬з겻ܷУһԪΪľ磬ٲȻ˴˵з豹ľ磡޹֮ǰȻһϢȴûԼľֱɱ¶֪еٽ

ŷݶм֣ͬʱֽеĳΪʲôܷУΪʲôܴﵽ豹ľ磿
ѵ죿
ⲻܣϹʱһֿʥصʥʹҲʮ죡
ʲôԭŷݶһָоһֱԼĵƣΪ֪һ棬죬ȴص¶˳
ԼԵĻǣһеƱ¶ʵﵽµ
㵽ʲôˣŷݶʧȥյ򶨣ڲ֪ûп͸ѵ𹤱ɱˣʵܿѾԼصôô丮һѧʲôĿģ
ʲôˣ΢΢һЦˣôһͲʶˣ̫˰ɣñ°Ȼ˼ٰٸȥϽϧɳɱ̫Ѿɱˣ̫źˣͳɹ˵ġ
˵ŷݶ䣬Ȼµ𹤿ܱɱˣǴӶԷе֪Ϣе˿־壬ǰܿ㹻ʵɱԼ
ǰɣǻǵһμ档ŷƵĶֶѾӸղŶݵĻȻˣȻ֪ΪλɣֻҪ֣ԼĴӪԷٴָôҶֵĻǾ
㣬̻ܲɱˣܸ֪ŷ˵ݰɣ˹ʹȳϣмɱǣҲˣ˽̻ᣬϮɱʹɱ㣬Ҳأ
ŷЦ˵ţһֻѾĵ˴̻ĺ̸ֻҪˣƾͷۣҲҪ
ȻŷȵС˿⣬µĻþ۷㾡ȫƲһʴ͸ĻֱЦ
ߣȳϱ޷ˣٺ٣ɱңΪξͲɱǣŷǰɣ̻ĵˣȻӱ丸һŰ֮ǰѾŹڣҲˣȥˡ
ŹŷĿ¶ɱۣˣɣһ
ãҵšһνӣŷݶƤһղŷѾ˴޿֣ʲôƣ
뵽ŷݶӿһɲԤС
һڷʲôɵɱ̿ͣŷݶͻȻתͷŲԶĸĸŷݶһǴﵽڣʵñŷݶ˲١
ŷݶ󺰣Цݣ˫ֽ汧ǰһݵӣ·ڿСϷһ㡣
һŷݶĸƽʱ·һվԶûԼ
һĻŷݶӿһĪĺ⣬תͷѾһ˿㡭ʲô
׽Ц⣬аôˣƺҲġ
ֻɾɱŷݶײŷݶŷĶ񶾼ƻҿʱƻһʩչĸĸּҵŮٺεȱҵˣ޷
ķ飬ɱŷݶһٴζûˣ
ŷݶԩ޳𣬿ŷݶȴһ٣ٶĶԸоЩأҪļ֣Ǽ򵥵ɱŷݶɢġ
ҪݺݵĴ̼һŷݶöԷھȥ˲ȴеִͷ泩
ľŷҲЩˣѾȥˣ̻ܲԲԺֵٶȣֻգ۱㵽Ϊûһ㶯
㡭㵽ʲô


220 Եʵѹ
ûʲôֻ鲼һ磬гʱ棬ð׷ˣֲֻƿԸһϢ췭ظ濴棬ƽ糣ŷҪǲţԶֹһԡ
ɱأ˵ţϴЦ⡣
ĻŷݶһֲֻƿĽ磿öֱʣԷŪ飿
飬·Ҳޱ
һʵŷݶеĲ²⣬вΪ֪ı
㵽ôŷݶûлʵȻԷһɱԼİա
ôŷôʳôûˮƽĻôҪɱ㣬Ϊ˱˵ע⣬ܻʬ𼣰
ãܺãҵҪɱңŷݶһԪͬһȻȴеĽ硣
׹ǽ
ŷݶԪĵеĳ˹ǰ֮ɫĹͷƤ飡
һеŹսʱҲùǡϻ񹦡һУŹûŷݶơ
ϧû塣ûж֣ۿŷݶһξ֮ϡ
֨
׹ŷŷݶĳų̶·Ҫ۶һ㣬ŷݶƺһ͵һ𣬻ڱñѿѪ졣
ȻεĽȴ˿ûаˡ
ƲƲ
ŷݶһղֻԼ·һɽ֮ϣþ˿ȷʵ˵ֲֻƿ˽磡
˵֣ƿ磬ɣǵڣ
˵ֽһĨų߾ŴǹУɫǹУ硣
ŷݶתͷĿһȻ֮ɫ㲻ҪңΪӮˣƴΪʹϻ񹦡еľ꽣Ҳ
ŷݶ˵ţ͵һ𣬴һϵĽȫ飬¶´ŵϽɫףȻһ˽Ʒ
һеĳ߿·걻˽ʹһ㡣
Цȳϵֶӣףгȫ˽ƷҲȣȻˣҾЦˡ
֪ŷݶ˫̤棬ֱӽ¥̨ȵıѿ壬ϳһӰһֱȡʺ
轣
ŷݶһն̶ƺˣ
ȻֻǹһЦûκ似˫ֳǹصȥ
еѪ֮ټϡ壬һǹֹ
䣡ŷݶֻһɽǹཻ޴ķŷݶ³һѪֻԼĹͷɢˣ
˿һǹ̳ǧԪʳһֱŷݶҼҪһǹˣŷݶұ۾ͻᱻӲ˺
֮ʱŷݶ˫һ˿֮ɫ弱˳ȥͬʱſ³ӣֱ۾
а飿
ЦһŹаŷݶģͲµŷݶڹва飬ֻû뵽Ӻ
аֶͻȻϮԣһԷ˷Чʹۿۡ
֮⾳
Ȼһӣһɿ¶ϴֱӽа鴵ˣͬʱŲһͬʸһһǹֱŷݶС
䣡䣡
аڸ߿бըȴ˿ûӰ쵽þ磬ʱĳǹѾ̵˾ŷݶʮԶŷݶڰУ޴ܣ
Ҹƴˣ꽣ŷݶһȭԼĿڣſڱƳһѪڽ֮ϣĳѪ֮Ȼ˹Ѫɫֻһ˺ѷεĺУһֻɫͷӽųѪһ
ͷһ֣ͬһһתۼʹһɿһʱ䣬Ƭ󣬷·𸽽ϵѪͷһ
ųѪɫͷŷݶɫʱήóǿһСһóΪڰڶԻָԪ
ͷ֣¶һЩ֮ɫѪ̣ͷҲеһַĺ䣬·Ļųѩһ㡣
Ѫһ֣ɵ˵ľѪݣŷݶЪ˹Ŀţɫֳ̬죬·ħһ
ۿѪɫɱǹһһָ⡣
СС룬ֻ糤̣ƿɫһȦһȦĲŸ壬಻٣þȦȻСÿһϸ΢ϸµıֳ屩Ű飬Ҳ̻ΩΩФ·ⲻһ񣬶һڸ
Ѫɫת۳嵽ǰſҪһ£Ϊ׼ͷѪڣָһ
ಣ
뻯һɫϸֱѪɫöȥһֱһɵľ޴ͷһֻ룬ȫɱĶײ
ۣ
ֱӽѪɫùᴩɫ֮ͬһŵһѪɫá
ִĵ绡˸Ѫɫ÷˺ѷεʹ˻ͬ˸ˮıһѸڣ
µľ֮Ҫɣض׽٣׽֮£֪ٹɻ
οеǺպףŷݶͷųѪãϲ̨аײֻ֪Ƕ̶̵ļϢʱ䣬Ѫɫͷ㰧һ͵У׻ΪУ
ɫأڰ˸һУصģתţ·ղŻٵѪɫþһֻһס
ŷݶһĻ׵ɵˣҲû뵽ԼΪʩչǿһôһƵˣôܣôܣ
ŷݶӿŨصľУֶڲĸоδٽ
Ծôȳֶӵĳֱ곤߰꣬ȴŪڹ֮УȷʵԽܡ
Σһҵٰٸ˭һʹ졣
ٰ֪ŷݶˣһҲֻΪ̽
ŷݶңǳ鶯Ϊһ㣿ΰɣ
ЦˣȻҺ֪ڱĵ˻˭Ĳ֪Ҳνɱ˵һʹķʽȥ
˵ųǹǹϵâ˸ǧԪѾȫС
ŷݶĿһ˿㲻һһֽһĨץһа飬ͬھɣ


221 ɱŷݶ
Ŀһָٵֻݣһ죬ɳп˿ռ䣬Բ˼ٶȻŷݶֻСۣ
ۣŷݶ˫ֱжϣѪֻ֣һаˡ

ŷݶʹĲҽУһһ֣һеаռ
аڰգٶʮӣڵתţŷݶȴʹĵڵ
˫۴£ȫϿϱۻ˸ѾյĽڣ
ŷһԿң˴ȴȶֱ£ŷȵ᳤̻ô֪꣬˶ˣ񣬵Լʱȴ
ԽӸλԽŷҲˣƴȨʮ꣬ݣĲƸ䱦Ůһжޱȵ
еǸֱħ̫ǿˣǿ󵽿װŪڹ֮УèϷǰκηʧȥ塣
ųɨһЩа飬΢΢һЦؽȫ
֪а飬ô᣿
ŷݶһֻһڵϣ˫ѶϣֻԴŵ棬ѪϵĴݺݵ˵㡭ıɡ
ŷݶǰЦ壿ҽһĸɸɾ֪ɱôһڸ֣߻ĸֻڸƵ̻ܲȾƣ£ȴˣѻɶôΪΪɣ
֮Ըɱŷݶ׼û˻ỳɵԼ
ҵʱ丮ǼǴ¼ʱ£ڲһ¶ѣɱ֮ٵȰ²ų֣˭ỳңǶ֪ìܣ˭֪ǵìѾɱ˶Էĵز
ǹŷݶŷݶѪѾΣܴݵժŷݶֽ䣬һɨ̾ȳϵֶӣҵ׾ǷллˣͷЩˡ
һ˵ţһֽŷݶǰһΡ
ۣŷݶŭģ͵һѪѾѣǱģǱģ
ŭνġϢͨͷ泩Ҳ°빦֮ŭģٻھ֮УͿ𻵾
ԽǸ߰ˣԽ׸λģŴŲߵľʿıʿѪŷݶȻûбȴ˾ɼжˡ
ŷݶӣҡҡͷָ˵ٰǲ̫ˣɱ֣ʱһֱԶŷͻȻ˵֪˭ٰٸƭ㣡
ţתŷȣ֪
ɱĿͬһŷȴĿֻһһڿˮսս˵Ҳ֪ܲ¸˾Ųʮ
˵˵
ҡ˵ԣֻŹңŷ˵ͨһڵϣݣ˹ʵ۶ֻ蹪񼴿ɣȴ˫ϥأǱŷݶĲ̼ˣȳϵֶӶ³ο
ò˵˵ǿµģмȻ壿ʱƴһȥȡһʱʲôϡܡ¶һЦ
Ŷʸ̸Ȼ䡣
ŷȼæҡͷңֻҪŹңҿԸһƽҿʹ̻ΪҪϡвϣѾС檣ĵҩҩݣ̻ͨᣬҸұ֤̻Ϣ˹ģҶ޷⣡
һƽ
Ƥһ˹ĸ˰룬һҲǼǧƽѣ̻ᣬǸɵйˡ
ŷͬ⣬˵ŲңȰ츳ͻǳ飬ͻ죬ҵȫƿУԲұѣ
ȻŷȸˣǷŷȻкܴΣգɲðķգ˵Ȳ̸Щµļٰٸ˭
ŷսս˵ɱң
Ҳɱ㡣˵ĺ̹Ȼ
ŷһת֮ģʱһߣ͵תһƴŷݶĿڡ
֣
ۣ
ŷݶ͵һ𣬻ԪйƤһĴɢתۼ䣬书ʧ
ˤڵϣ˫Ѿʧȥ˽࣬زŸѾˡ
ջƣ벻㻹Ծɱ
ŷһԿļּ̌ͷŷݶȫ书ɱУֱǸħ
˵ɣû
˵˵ŷȲ֮ĵˣвãԼŪܣһɣٰٸ丮ĸ䣬˳Իڣóľ˸ŷݶ˽ָٸϣܿܶ֡
ŷΪ̻ĵˣ˽Ϣܶ࣬һ߸Ͳ֪˭
䣿ԭˣʲôΪ
ǡڡ
šллˣֽҰɡ
áõġŷȶ߶µժֽ䣬ѽָϵʱȴͻȻһɴ۾˫ۡ
һ˫۾ʱѾɫУлת޾ĺڰ·ͨ޾ա
ŷֻ걻˽ȥҵľӿԺԼʱʱзɻڴǽͷ
ڲ֪˶ٸӵƬΣȫžĴУھ֮Ͽ˾ҵķ籩ŷȵ͵һ𣬾֮Ȼ飬ͫ׷Ŵ۾ȫʧȥɣѾ˰׳ա
û֣ͣʩչֻ⣬ֱŷȵľ֮Ĳ飬ҲûһϢ
ͨŷˤڵأɴ۾գ۽Ѫ˫Ѿʧȥ˺飬ֻʣ۰ס
˫ĿŻָ˵ɱ㲻ɱ㣬һڴŶȹɡ
תŷݶָһ뵯䵽ָ⡣ʲôô
ŷݶ·ûƵģڵһ
Ǿɡ
ɳŷݶ屻ᴩܿ㱻ճ˻ҽ
һӣһ罫ҽȫɢϸյв̶֮öֽξ֮顣
ξ֮鱻󣬻þ绹άһ㹻뿪
ƮŶëѩﵽ豹澳ȫϢ֣޷Ĵڡ
ô׵ĳ̻ܲûþκˡ
ڣ丮䡭ЦһѾԱ̡


222 Ѷ
ѩԽԽ¥̨Զļһֱھš
¶ʮȵĵ£ߵʲôֻҪתԪͿɢЩѾСǾͿˣǿûΪ춯صĺվţһͶɪɪ
Ȼ̻ĹغϣȻĲУȴҶŴȡů
ʱ򣬼Ѿ߶ѡ߹Сú˵ģѾѩ
һһˮģͷʾ͹ȥһֵһ˲䣬͵һŵŲԶˮ¥̨
¥̨ѾտҲ
⡭أ
ţȥҲˡ
ô£
ĸˣչ񱼹ȥȴ¥̨ŷݶѾʧˣŷȵһԣδ֪
һ£жӿһĪĺ⣬Ǿôᷢ飿
ŷأٳˣǡ
һ˵һ룬ûм˵ȥ˶һݣŷݶˣҲҪȵ
һһ̽ŷȵıϢſƤһһʱһѾʧˣֻʣ۰ף
졭㱨丮óϢ֪ڣŷ˳ˣ
ʵŷݶһ˲䣬Ⱦ͵֪ϢŷݶҪԼӦŵıơ
һܾԶƶѡ
ҵĵѵ΢΢һ˿ƱţȼһŴ
ʱȵĺɽһ֮Уһɫϥţɢͷڰ䣬һֱ䣬˵Įʯһ㣬תԪ徹ǴĹһɹ֮ڴΧĵϣѸٵĽһ㺮
ŷݶŷӣҲȺϻڳϣڸ֡

һŻŷǰȼգִµĴŷԺС
ʲôŷ͵˫ۣ۾к⣬˭ɱֶӣ
һ̣ŷӻһӰת˲ңִѾڴ˵Ⱥ˫һ̣зŷݶıƣʱѾһƣ֤ŷݶ
ɱֶӣ˭Ҫȫ
ŷɷʮǰŷδͻ죬ŷݶĸһִʱ⵽׷ɱƴһսŷݶĸҲش˶֣ŷ˲ŽұȫһֱŷݶΪһ㣬һʱŷݶΪɫһЩ׽Ȩ飬ŷҲͳͳֶѹ
Ȳһ飬ߴڸܸ飬Ĳ죬Ǳ˵Ҳ𼫴󣬳ԵͬΪı߸ϱ˴֮ĹϵʵڲôȹҲָӲǡ
ϻȻȣôԼŷΪϻڳϣȨƼıӻŷݶΪΪ
ŷԼֶӣڣȴˣⴥŷӵۣȪ֮£Ĵ硣
׼Ҫȥ˹ŷȻѾ¶ģ˹׳죬ҲҪҵɱֶӵ֣

˳ǣϼ塪
˳ǰ׼ңڳΪ٣ÿһľ٣νŵڣ塣
׼ҵĴΪʷ£
˰׼μԪһ׼ҸǴﵽ˶ʢԪʮ״ԪڣʮɣƷԱ
ĵ˹һ״ԪԶһ丮˵һҫ͢Ҳʮ󽫾λȨء
԰׼һֱ˳ǵλ̫Ժա
Ȼ˰ԪŮһȴ⣬ǾǰԪĵŮ׾ƣȻо˵Ʒϵ츳
׾Ƶĸһȫûѧ츳ˣĸƷϵ츳ߣ׾츳ʵܿɹ
Ϊԭ򣬴С󣬰׾ڼеλȻòܿ˹֮ŮŮĽʣӵĽ
ǣڰ׾ʮһ꣬һȴսˡ
ŷݶ˰׾Ƶòͳ츳ҪȢ׾Ϊ檡
׼ҲԸ⣬ȻŷݶֱʵףʵʥּԣԪܲӣĪ˵ŷݶȨƱȻʵ۶󣬾ǻʵۣĸ󳼵ŮҪΪ󳼶Ҳӣοŷݶ廹ȵĳϣӵзϵʵۣ»ʵĿֲȨ
԰ԪֻôӦǰ׾ƵĸȴԣŷݶѾ֪жˣŮ޹ȥӣ
ȻôҲı䲻˰Ԫľ
׾ƵĸֻһԭͲãԲڴɸʱͻȻͲˡ
˹ĴͳϵŮ®գТ꣬ŷݶףǿ¯Ҳأһ¾ˡ
ڣТڼȥŷݶȴ˳ǳΪʹð׾֮У뵱ŷݶûг˹ʹʱ򣬰׼Ѿˣڣŷݶʹλ൱̫ϻʣԪһССɣ֪
׾ƽһ£ڻλ㲻ȥˡ
Ѿöûȥ丮ˣʱ䶼˷糿׾ϴű졣
ƣһš
ǰԪ
׾̾һΪ˼棬հԼƳȥүү̸ϺޣҲû̫顣
Ǹ׹԰Ԫӵ䵭ˡ
ɡ׾ƽ˵
ƣôû緹ԪྡԼЦĺͰһЩԴ顣
ûθڡ
Ҫһģһóģ
ˣһҪϢһ׾ƽʵڲԪȥΪҲ֪ԪΪʲô
ǸԪεĿһ֪׵顭
˵ˣҶס׾Ƶ䵭ֻǺ˵˹ϰףһһ޶ƣһ˵ֻýȢӲһ˵檸ͲףʵȢӣҲס
ָүүһССɷʹǲܵġ
Ԫһ仰»ȥֻܸЦǸٹ£ʮڸϾٰһᣬš
Ԫɬҡҡͷӻóһ̽
׾ƿһӣýֺͷҲܲµᣬŷݶ⼸£ʮѾĵõŷݶ֧֣̫ӵ£ΪĲǶۿۣкܶ౧Ź̬ȵѾתʮһˡ
Ҳȥ׾Ƶġ
ƣǡ
˵ΪҸТ꣡ʳ£겻ޣڴ֮ǰҲټŷݶٱңӣ
׾˵Ȼ֮ɫԪһҪǰ׾Ѱ˶̼ôŮҲŭŷݶ
æƣƣ侲㣬ȥͲȥˣȥ¡
Ԫ˵ͻȻǰȼһдϢԪʱľŷݶȻˣ


223 Ϊ
ŷݶˡԪţ޷ʵ
ʲô׾ƳһΪԼˡ
ŷݶ̻ܲɱʬ޴棬᳤̻ŷȱɰ׳գ֮ȫ飬ѻҲѲκϢԪิŴݵϢȻߣԸȼߵʵȴк˽⣬ŷݶڵߣϱһѣ۷ߣҲһս֮
ʵôǿŷݶȴڸƵ̻ܲɱʲôѵµ֣
ŷݶĻأĸô׾Ʋŵʵ
ԪЦĸڣǵʱŷݶֻжʮԶŷݶʱǶûǣ̻ỹһ򣬿ֽȥûһۼǺҲȻδ
׾һɷͬСɣ˶
ĸֻػ£Ϣɱŷݶʬ𼣣ͬʱܹ˺ֵĸ֪ҪΪŷݶʲôˣ
Ԫֵʵ̫ǿˣʮа˾֣ŷӵĳңŷݶϰɡȼǺ޹ϵ
ûϵôûϵ
ϵˣ
׾ƾȹͻȻЦĺãˡ
Ԫһæһƣƣ⻰ɲ˵˳Ѿȫǽϣ֣ŷݶŷҲȸ˹֮ھͻᵽ⼸죬ڼűȥˡ
֪ˡ׾Ӧ
Ԫߺ󣬰׾ƴڴߣһĸо
ˣڻڼ֮ʣŷݶȻˣ
ŷݶв壬˳ɱͷû뵽һ졣
˭ɱ
׾ĳҵˣлص˵Ϊ֮Ƕ԰׾˵ȴǸıԼһˡ
ʵϣʱ˳ǣǰ׾ƣкܶҲڰףϢ̫֡
Ϊʮӵõŷݶ֧֣ͻͽ֣ΪͻȻʧ٣ۿôȥĻʴλöѱˡ
ͻȻ·תôشıʡ
ֻ˵ŷݶ̫ʱˣ
Ҳúõллˡ

ڸΪŷݶӿʱھ˳ԶһɽС
öֽ䣬дŷݶȡ˽Ʒ˽Ʒס
ŷݶŷȣǸ͵ˣ˵ļҵǲ˵
ŷȵֽ䣬Уզ̻࣬Ǵֱʣһǵһ˽Ʒֽ䣬ֽ䣬ǴĲϾҪʮƽ𣬴ʦҲ֣ϳַãʧܵĳɱһö֣˵һƽ𣡶ǮҲһĵ쾳Ĵʦɲ˵־ͳֵġ
ֽеƷһԵȡڴӣһѹֻһЩ·
Щ·Ŀһۣȷûʲôֵ̫ǮĶֱӷһѻյĿתƵϣЩõľ϶Ʒľɢ㣬ֵȻƽҪ
˵һӣŻ۱貣װһ鱦
ǿ˴Ȼչ¼ôһ鱦ҲǷһ̾
Щ鱦ƷеƷϺõ֬Ѫʯ̵ı۵ʯ˵ҲмСǧеĶ飡
䱦оĲ࣬Ҳܴ²µһ鱦ļֵһ䱦óһҪƽһҪǧˣ
Щ䱦ЩֻŷȵղƷŷȾ磬ͨ벻ۡ
ܶ˵һλǮʱ򣬾ͻղأŷҲ⣬ĺܶණżҵǰκʹǰ峤ģÿһͬСɣü˲ۻôһӵĶڱһˡ
һ鱦յֽ˵ڶӡ
ĵһɫ·Щģ·ϣһӣһһһĽƱһ߰ʮ
Ʊ࣬Ȼŷȴʲ̻ǮׯеЩǮֻԱʱ֮ġ
Ʊɫ··ûʲôرֻȥָЩ
ѵǽľϵĲ˿ƶɵģ
Ƶһķ˿ʱרŽ丮ٸϣϡľ϶˽ĺ
ѾϡٵĲˣΪŪһС˿˾ţ֮ɴ˿ɼһߣľϵ֣һǧֻвŻһֻľϣ³Ľľϲ˿˿
һ·֪ҪõٽľϵĲ˿ɻƽĻֵ޷
һȻǵǹ룬һһ̶ԪŷнľϱΪʲôţѲҲһ
뵽̾ϧʱһӰŷŪ˰׳գֻȡֽ䣬ȴûп·洩ʲô
ⱦã̫ۣʱܴ˷־鷳ˣһľϱֽ䣬Ŵһӡ
棬Ԫʯһǧ֮ࡣ
ǧԪʯҶǴƷԪʯЩԪʯŷȸġһŴԪʯֵһǧƽһǼ֮ǰԪʯõĲˣЩøһˡ
ʣĹֻȫһԵսֽ䣬䶫عƼֵǧƽϣ
ԪʯͱԼãĶҸʵĻ֣ĴʽӶһԪʯҲãϱҲã㹻һˡ
ϴŷȵֽ䣬ŷݶġĶһһڳŷݶȻûŷôԣĶ˵ȴΪʵá
ܶʮƿҩϺõҩٻָԪѪʯ飬õļƷԪȵȡ
ЩҩǮ򵽵ģܶ඼ǴŵڹƷ
֮⣬ö¼һöϡе˽Ʒ
һЩԪʯͼñЩҩ͹˵Сͷˡ
мֵĻŷݶµ˽Ʒ׺˽ƷϧƷҲ̫ҡȲʹãҲ֡
еĶвпȻɱԽ¸ʽЩֱĲƲʮȻô˵ǲǧµξ֮顣
ξ֮鵽׼ֵƾЧ׽Ļƽġ
аµʱ䣬Ҿúһ£ȥٸʱӦû˻Ὣŷݶɵϰɡ


224 
Ĳŷݶȥŷӵ˳Ѿ죬ȻѾΪΪŷݶֵϣֱӱųˡ
֪ŷݶڵı䣬ҲûлɵϣʣԼֻ֣ҲϢɱŷݶ
ǣŷݶһհŷεҲ鲻κ˿
ʱôƵʮ֮丮ڿѾĻ

˳ǵĴѩѾ϶ʮ죬ƬƬѩǳɢ˵һ㣬׷
жһƬããİɫУÿ糿йٸϽɨѩǽɨôɨɨ
丮ǼǴִһС˵ͷȻ캮ضȴһͭ̿Ҳù޲ӣ˺Ĵֽůġ
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ʱűƿˣһɺν˸飬Щˬ̧ͷһȴסˡ
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ĽǺ۷ֳʱҪõ쵤쵤Ѱÿһ¯Ʒֻʮš
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Ͳôȵù丮ṩԴû뵽תһȦһ뾳磡
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һȥˣĹ˫ְѲ豭ݵУάʦΪͻͽڻ˵ܽǰʮء
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ֵʦܼȻˣ͸Ͻȥٸɣ丮
֪ˡ˵ͷţȥڿȻ˵ĺཱܶҲǳĶ

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μڻǶʮ꣬Ҳ˵ܲμ죬ţ츳ȵʮʱ򣬱Ȼڻϴʡ
ļƻûüʵʩʧˡ
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ڹϣڿ˾Ҫʼˣ˹Ϊһңɳߡ
丮ĺĵһˡ
˵ʵȴ⣬ΨһõóֵľҲ̫Сˣǽǰ١
ֻɭؿҲʵôΪһһЦ˹丮ˣȻҪŵμڻ档
ȻԵʲôںȻΪһ֮ôҪеΣɲԸ⿴Լ丮˳Ц


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̾һ˵Ʋˣϴõǰ׿Ѿʮ꣬нˣСҲȡ̫õĳɼֻܿɭųˡ
ţϧˣڵĻͺúܶˣڵʵҲؿˡһһͷ׷纳һ٣һʿģ丮֮һе
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Ϊ֪ԼһҲˣе̬ܺãȵĸӲʲôҲһֱõĹϵ
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һΪ߸Ͳ庮磬ЩĹ壬ů͵Ƥ£һԻȲ裬̿Ҳ˿ú䡣
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󣬸︮丮һɳϣɭߡ
֣նʱǣ⼸δ漣ƽߺŮ˿˵ǾԵżˣܶŮֵضӶе˿º³֣˷˿ڴ
űʱٽԽԽǳ㲻İ׾Ҳˣ⵹Ľϵľ棬ƽ㣬Ҳѽգ㶼Ҫùأ
׾ЦЦû˵ʲôɨһȫĿ϶ݵͣƿˡ
׾Ȼ֪ŷݶĳ϶ǸŷݶΪ޹أǲ֪ΪΣǲԾؽϵһ
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Ԥѡʼֻʣһӵʱ䣬ʱ̫ҲˣִһƤۣŵ̤ѩѥѩν緢
̫ӼݵȴûͨΪڳҪ̫࣬ҵҪ壬ʮ󽫾Ҳ
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226 VS
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Ĵ˹߽ԶռһɽȷʵǴ˽ǧ֮áһǧ˹ʳ棬ĳΣĴȴһֱţûĸȥǣĸǿһɲС
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227 ɭǿʵ
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ҲͰˣɭôҲô̬˵ʵñԼ̷ͽǿ٣Ҳ˵ɭ˲㶨ǡ

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Ӧɱ¾֮ɭֻɱ¾֮ĵħҲõɱʵʣڿֱӹˣ֮ǰԼ̷֮жһ£ǱɭɱƣʵӲˡ
еһٶ꣬Ȼʵ㶥⣬Ǿʮַḻһ۾ͿɭĹ
ˣɭɱܣγһɱػʵ㣬ɱػƣԴʽɭ˵ãֲʵô죡⼸ûйעɭû뵽ʵѾɳֵزˣ
ٺ٣еÿˣұΪսɭһ浹սһᵹˣ˵˭Ӯ
ҡҡͷ֪ղһսɭûȫͿ˭صʵ࣬˭ĵˣȥڣ׼ƸɭΪĵӣϧɭʲôã츳һ㣬Ϊչ̫ˡ
ɭѾʮһ꣬͹ڣҪʮ壬Ҫʮˣȵ۷Ҫʮ꣬ʱųѾõʱ
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˹һ֣˼ǣɭĶԾ
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ڳҲǼĲˣλã־ɱ꣬Ѿʲôǵļˡ
һ̣ȴҵ˵ʱеļ顣ŵײ˭ʤ˭
Ԫ˧ҲԽԽϲҪŮ֮ǰѾ˵֮ǰǻ޵飬ܲܰнŮ


228 սؿ
ڶֱϿʼҪϢôгԵɭʵ˸ûʲô˳òϢˡ
Ȼɭһҡͷ
ţǾͿʼڶְɡгùǩ䣬ǩʵֻǩһսһֿգؿѾֿչĬΪսǩɭ
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Ȼ׾˵ؿʦܣʵұ̫ˣⳡǰ䡣
ٶȲУУΪУȻΨõóֵĶ֪ʦҲó丮ʱͱΪսʽҲӲӲҵʱţʲôʱһΪĽһ˭丮һΣ
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ų磬ǧٽ
ȫһƬȻɼѾߵļޣ۷ߣҲǧĳɼѡ
ߣҲԳǧΪԽڣԽԪһޣӽ⼫֮ˡ
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230 Ծ
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Ժ۷ΪսʤģϽʮδҵóһ
ӾɭٻΪʮ󽫾֮һΪһԪ˧Ҳ˶ѣͻϡ
֮ɭ¶߳˹ȥѰĻԵ

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丮ߴɱ󣬶ƽ˵ܶһʱͻϲˣҪÿʹãΪʮ궼ĸԸ
ЩȣʲôأºĵӶԴ˸мһ˰ɡ
ΣϽʮʮƷ壬ܼʮһˣɳʮˣΪ޹濹ȹǿʢԶһЩжٰʮˣ֮⣬ߴڻɳʮ˲μӣܼٶʮˣ
ٶʮУҹһ˴ﵽϣڣڣ۷ģٶʮӱǿԼѶж󣡡
ôһ˵ֱɵˣһ˴ﵽϣûи⻹ô


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ΪɭѾ㹻̬ˣòһŪǰʮǰʮҲСһԼŪǰҲ⣬ڿ⼸ˡ
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ɣŴͣ˵ʮа˾ɽŶȥ
ȥһڻ䣬ŶȥǲǶ˶Ѽˣ
УĶ飿ⲻͬ˿Цôһֱ˼̳˵ţλҲ֪ۺ죬Цⲻ˷Է
תͷһȴҲһЦҲΪɽŵ鷢ˡ
˵죬ˣˣ˵ԼˣҲǺɡ
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͵Ŀһۣ˵һ쵤һö쵤̶֣Ҫʽȣﵽ۷֮󣬲ܸ㡣쵤ļֵҾͲ׸ˡ
쵤֮⣬һؽƷ࣬ѡڶû쵤ֻؽƷʮ鵤ҲһּƷҩʮһʮ˽Ʒ͵鵤
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⣬ҲҪģڵģΪҲﵽ۷壬ڵȻ࣬ʽ죬ΪѲڵĻޣѴŪһö𾫣ⷽڣҲС
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״ӣҪѡһõһˣԴǲҪǮңָĹѡѧ
ڻĵһǸڵ״ӣеļ⣬ҲǱõ
˵õһǴûй飬˵һˣǰʮСڵ˵ЩʮͶƷνŸˣɨص۵ǿôһˡ
ǵĶֻ֣ڵˣӴΪǷ֮ڡ

˹ȥڣʮԶҲҪʮʱ䡣
һ丮վѾһ񣬶ҶǾϸѡ֣ٶȱͨҪһء
ɡ
һ֣Ծһĵѩ׷䡣
ߺֻ˼Ĺǧ߸߿գããװعĲãɫһֱ쵽ཻľͷ˾ɫĪһɹµįĺ
Ϊٶ̫죬ӭ洵ѩͬƬһԪһ㻤֣סѩ
ٶԽԽ죬ĵ֮졭


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λɽɽκһңʮĵλ
ɽ壬ǧɣΪɽ̺˴ɽͨɫɽֲʯᾣɽ֪ͣΪΣɽɢһľƣͨ˵ɽһּѹֵĸо·˵أҲᾡѡƵС
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˳Ϊǣÿڻľٰصˡ
ڰﷶΧɣԶԶĿΰĳǳأһͽȥ
;вͬеߣȥҴң߶׽ϵΪչһ룬ҲһӵĹ
ǳ֮⣬һڴ˴ЩΪһȻȫǶ͹ߣͷǸӳģˣȻﵽ͹۷Ϊ
ȲǴţ͹۷ȥ˹ҲھŪǧ򳤵ȣֻܿš
ܶ߾ǳȵͷɽޱŨԪԸҲҪͺñȣһЩԸھ๤ҲԸȢһֻҪھǣлͷϣСңһҲһǧ򳤣ڶ޷ͻơ
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һ·˸ֳ۱ҩķĵ̣Щ̣һҷŵ˳ǣаٱĹģ۵ĶƷͨóȫĻҲδ
пȻ߶ȲͬʶҲǲͬģǴﵽڵʵǣһӶˣҲʶĳˡ
Ҳע⵽Щ̣Ĳٶȣܶ඼˹߸򲻵ġ
˼˵˼ȵõ꣬ڿʼɻǰõ꣬Ƿǡ
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ʮԪʯǧƽ𣿸ɴȥˡ
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һɣСˣ׷һ衣
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ȸʢһ룬ٸԼʢһ룬Ө̵룬ʢɫŨȥƷ
һСԳһСԪʯأҰµĿ֧ˣҵúúóʲôͬ
һڣֻǹŨ֮󣬱㻯һůθУƺ˿˿Ԫ徭֮Уھ
ȻԪ΢ĺܣȴޱȣ
ҩеԽȻΪǻᵼԪҪѾȥȻԪ̺ļ٣ǳͣǳõĻһ𵽹ԪǿЧҺ޸á
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꣬촽˵Ǵŵĵ̣Щͨ߱˵ԣ붼뵽һǰÿԵȵȪ¶Ĳʳ˼̻𣬲Ⱦ
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û˹ÿԪʯԪʯųɾŶ˵ȣ֮⣬ʮңԴҩݡϡʯԴԴϵ˵ȵЩ״ӣһ·ֵеԪʯǧˣķ˵㲻ʲôǳԵñá
̫ˣ̾˹ѾԽĽײˣȴһٷҪϸ³Բ
˹ЩΪ˲ժõͼҩݶͨߣЩΪҩĶˣʮͲзϵߣͻȻЩᡣ
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˹Ϊ˳ڶŬһҲ޹ЩڵˣÿԷ˯ͻڣ΢һ£Ǻ۷壬ĸǹڳϣصҼ쵤Ǿˡ
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ŷһƣЦ˵ʮ߱ȣңǻʮˣЩ봫ǧ֮ãЩ̵ģһ仹˼˲š
˵żҵٰɣǽǰʮѣ˵ǰʮǱȵ״ӿǲԶˣ˵ŷˣǣȥʮʮ壬ҲܺɨǾųɾŵš

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ƵǰһȻǸǹģټ
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ıͿҪܣûһŵģһµתͷžƣżһϷӡ
СҲûʲô˲ë˱ϣľˮŲæصλү˶ҪģǿأӮأ
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һԪʯ֣ƵһһףٷѾѪҪһԪʯĻȷʵⲻ𣬲ʱѾ·ˡ
ΪӮˣЦһǹ
һȣһ̤ǹעԪǹһͬһһֱŷؿڡ


236 걾
ߣԲŷһһϺɫ߽ģȻһ˽Ʒ
ԪעϺ쳤˹İ׹֮ɫŷһն֮Ƶǹײһ
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ŷȻΪڣϻ񹦡ľŷݶҪߣҲˣ԰ʱ
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Щ޼ɵĵ٩ŭգһԪǣױ˹Ϻɫµĵذ屻žƿһƬǽڶ
ȥ
ƵӰģͬһ嵽ŷǰ˫ֳǹص£һǹӳ֮ϱŷĿѪ⣬һֺһ㡣Ȼóѹ׵ı¡
ŷĿ״¶֮ɫ͵ҧ⣬ſ³һžѪڽ֮ϣĳѪ֮˹Ѫɫ
Ѫã
ŷһֻһ˺ѷεĺУ¥Ѫ֮ȫޣһֻɫͷӽϳֱƶȥ
ͷſѪڣƱһһǹѪõĿУԪȻѪþȻſڽƵԪȫ˽ȥͬһһҧƵļ

һҽУֻûѪ·ֻѪһѪҧеұۣʼۿٶήѪ˾Ѫ֮󣬷ʺΡ
磡
ʦ֣
һŮһĻ˳ȻƵĸǳ²ǵʦô򵥡
ŷŮķӦĿһ˿аĹâһǵѪѹ궯ԪóѪҲ˲СĴۣûи칦򣬱ָ۷״̬
ʱѾѪȫ˽ȥڰУǹһ޴ĺɫѪУѪɫһ㡣
Ȼɲŷʵûɱ֣ڻ伴ʼ֮ʣڴ֮ͥɱӰ̫ŷпɽҲô
Ůʱ޲̽ŷʬΣȴǿһ˿ǣƶǶ֣Ĳ͸ˣʦ֣
ŷЦŶŮ˵ҷʦ֣ٺ٣ô˵飬óѪ˺ܶྫѪûиʱָģڻͿʼˣʧɲС
Ů÷ظҵţô
ŷ̰ɨһŮأٺЦ򵥣˫죬ҰѪģ˫޶Ҳкôġ
㡭㡭ŮԼĶ䣬ԷȻ޳ֵܵز
ãϻˣһϣɱŮŭգ׷׳ֽеĳǹ
ԣһϣҲܲסԪǵĹͬһޣȻҵĴС
ŷһҲ䣡
٣档ŷļµЦվҲǶ͹۷ʵ򲻹֮ǰƣԸȷʵ´ࡣ
һʱ䣬˫ƶһһأŮĿųޣһȴɷޱȣ䡣
ʱͻȻͷ͵̧ͷһһɫĵѪڣһȦֻһѪûѪʧȥ֪֮
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Ůȥƽסɫ԰ף촽ӣŮʹ絶
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ѪŷѪͻȻȥһ궯³һѪ
ŷŭȥΪڵλñȽƫƧ֮ǰûô⡣
˭ĸģţԲŵˣԲŻʡ
ǲĸģ˹ĿŷһۣЩʵаŮĺϻڵӣᡣ
а߸Ĳ죬Ǳ˵Ҳ𼫴󣬳ԵͬΪı߸ϱ˴֮ĹϵʵڲôȹԴҲΪ
УϻڳӯǵģǵҪǿͱĴ°¯򹦷ԾټϺϻڵʢǿңʱʱĸһЩаŮ顣
£ϻڴǲȡĬ̬ȣֻҪûǵӾУȹҲܲˡ
˹Ȼ˹ģʮУ˹ҲΣʮ嶼磡ŷȻЦſ񣬵ȴԾ裬˹ʲôʱһϵߣϵߣԹпЧѲ
ŷļ˻֪ղŷѾ˿˹ģЦŷ֣֣Ͼˣ˹ߣŶ͹ڵΪҲţ˵СƤǳòֵǰŷϻ񹦡Բ
ԷȻԼϣˣҧγֽĳ
ʱȴסĽ˵
սֱסҧ˵ЩСආܶԸǸŷûаգԱҲû⡣
Ļ΢΢һǸŷߵʵԱ˵ҲڶΪĽ̫ˣƷ츳ȻͬѰ
ɰĽЦһ򡣡
˵Ǵܣ䶷˵ֻΪһʱĴܣ㲻䶷
˳ǵ竵ӣЩҳӣھ¥³ΪһԲϣΪŮ˶֣ԣγѪ嶯ΪŮԵı֣
ȻͬòϣҲĽƺЩ竵ĿȻʱʵޣȫޣƽʱںɽ׮ޣȫԵ
ıһֱѹ˺ܶ꣬ڣᣬΪһܡ


237 
վǰе룬ղǼ˵ҪɨʮǺڴҾվɨһԡ
ɵ浱ԼǴˣֵϣԸɵɨһɨȥ˵һߣĥԼһδشùһϣŰ㡣
һֽУĸһվԭأܣۡ
߲֪ڸʲôãۿĽҪˣǷһ˿Ц಻ɣ
ۿǵĹҪͻȻ˫ۣĿһɨ
ɫͬһȻţΧһУֻⱬһʱĻӿߵԺһ𣬾֮캧ˣʶһͿеĹҲ£˫Ҳô޹⣬ͫʧȥ˽ࡣ
ͨͨ
ĸһˤڵأ°ĭһزš
ŷɵˣֻһͷŵĸˣôģ
ʶսŷٿĿѾһ˿־֮ɫ
ЩֵҲ˲ע⵽СðģȻղĸһʵôôҲǶ͹۷ߣôĪľȫſˣ
е˼һΪﵽڵеغžƣĿ˸Ȥɫһʮߣܴﵽʵʵڲ˼顣
ĸߣ֣ȻİŪɰ׳գҲܵˣ֮ûиʮ£ָ
ۿߵ壬ŷɫʮѿϻ¥ô˿ţв˻ڵĵӣͷڹ꣬Щ˿϶صﵽߴڣһϻڵӷǺĬǺ軹ʰˣǾͶ˶ˡ
ӲͷƤ˵СӣǰŪ飡ղʩչ깥ɣֹͨʽʵ಻£ɱʵǿģȴһôûУ⵽ɣⲢжǿ
ŷϾţʶ٣ȴҲŵ˵ֻ⣬ֻЧҪŷԤǿöֻ࣬δȫ
ܽһҵķڷ
ŷ˵ţȼ˹ϻ𣬻ȼգȻ˾ùǣ治ȣһ֮ӣµĵذ壬ܿһϱһ֮󣬰ϱеȴ˼Ļ˻ҽ·лһ㡣
ŷﵽϻ񹦡زʽ׹ìʩչԪ׼ڻõģڣȴòǰ˳
վԭأƾŷƣûгֵ˼
ƵףʱŷϻһɫĹìһ֮ìд
ŷɫҲò԰ޱȣϻ񹦡ЩʽʩչʩߴľѪԲŲòŮӵԪֲ
۳ɫìŷȻѾ˼ޣͺñһͷһѶʮĴ󴸣ۿԼƿزסˡ
ŷѵ³֣еɫìǣ޾ףҪѵʱҡͷ̾Ūôҵȵò˶ˣʽҲóɱУ类˸˰ɡ
㡭ŷķһƲסеĹìȷʵû취ʵսΪŷոͻơϻ񹦡أ׹ìͿƲãһͷô󴸶ԵУҪʱ䣬򲻵ˣ㲻ûŤ˽š
ŷ֮жԸָߣдӲһУĻлһѡ
㡭ҽôŷ˼Ǵм⼸֣ɫ԰ף˵˵һ׵顣
·һʮֺЦЦЦΪʲôҪӣ
䣬кâһɫϢŷɵˡ
䣡
ŷֻԴ·˲䱬ըһ㣬Ϣӿ뾫֮ԭѾٽ޵ͺ޷֮һֱһͷԵˣе׹ìʧȥŷƣһɢˡ
ìϻɢ䡣
ЩĻ棬»ٵ¥ʧȥʶŷꡣ
ʱһ˴Ӷ¥гһӣһǿƾճ֣еյУѹһͨϺڵԲ򣬶һ˦ϺԲʸһƿӣֱʣʧ˵ҰС
ͷˣӳͻʼʱͳ˶¥Թۣµϻ¥ĸ֣˴ľ¥ֿôеĵطôûи
ΧĹڶûϵֽǱſƽ׹ìȴû뵽ַ緶ŷѹìӳ֮ǰͶˣǺ˾ȳŷͻᱻԼų˰ɡ
ü˵ΪǺ۷壬١
Сӣ㹻ݵģҪҳּʱͱ뿪ϻ¥ˡ
ǸһЦ˵ǰƴҲϻڵҪϻ¥ɣϻ¥鷳١
ɫһȴһʱ벻ʲôֻصĺһԴĲ˿һӣͿ϶ԼôɲΪԼ³־ȳ
һܷңҲһ£ǿޱȣƷϵȣƷµȵ츳ɡΪ۷壬Ȼû豹ľ磬ȴҲһЩ·ղϢվڶ¥ȴᱻ֡
Ŀһۣתͷȥ
ʱ֮ǰŪεļŷͬѾǿŷһſڵϣһǿͷʹŷ뿪ˣһۡ
ΧĿ׷ϣɫ졣
ͨߣټ벻ʮҲһȥš
˵Ϊﵽڣ԰ʱ깥ŷ˵ʵɱЧǶԸʵԼˣóȻʹ깥⵽ɡ
Сղͬһʱĸ͹۷ߣǿȺܾˣƷ츳Ҳ˵ҿڵҲδĶ֡
ţҲɱǰһˣһ֮ǰҲڣҶԶͬߵš
ϻ¥Ԫ׷ţЩѾò׼ͨ
ʱϻ¥¥һżУһµƽĺžƣޱ飬ƺղ¥·ļսһʱƵġ
Се˼
ǰһˣΪڣһĳ߳ܶལͼֽ䣬ҲԸѽڱϣԴĥԼ뽣Ĭ


238 
¿޵УţȴûáĮȻ˵Ϊǽڿʦ褵ֱϵˣҲȽڳ״ӽĵڶš
ΪȻѾﵽ۷壬ʵҲһġ
߾磬նɱޣִħȻҲ깥֮˾ͬΪҲȫҶ֣
깥վ;ѧʱЧʵѸ٣ǵȵ˸߾磬ȴֻǼ߰ˣͶྫԼʵ
ĬĬĺžƣĻЩָ㽭ɽζ˹һЦ֪۽缫ߣʽ֮࣬дģ۹Ҳ޲ڡ
ʮĵӣôܸȣܽǰ٣ѾĪҫˣҪǽҽǰʮǱð̣깥Ȼ;ҲܱЩʽðɡ
˵ʮ˵һõóֵУȷʵûǿö࣬²;Ҳá
߰ɣϻ̣ŷγ˴ĸŷӷģ꣬˲С鷳

ŷֵʱѾ˲ѪѪʯ飬ѹĿŷƵһĻ
ڵ֪˹֮ƸпǧʮΪԴ棬жĴУߣҲҵٮٮߣȴ벻һ˹ţ޷ܵǣԷΪ͡
ллǣƣϼʮһӡǰȭл
ϵ壬ϰҽʱ˵ԼһӣҲһֶԼ̵ҫΪ˲ʮŻӣܴʮһӵļ壬ǧʷ
˹òԵ˵ԼλȻΪʢһ˵ղʤȻ飬Ī˵ɭʤǸŷ
ע⵽͹ڵΪԱ۶òʱһ
ǰŮʮӣΪȴôߣöߵʣ
ûʲôԵҪƷ츳ɡ
Ҳ˹ô˹ʲôʱôţ
ļҲע⵽⼸»켣ϽѾˣҲнǣһɷâʣ˵ʮҲΪһЩͯյĸоͬʱ򣬲׽ڵΪ
ŮʱȻһԱУŮԱȵĲʵʣò
ܣа̾һ֪Ͳˡ
е𾪣ѺõЦЦ²꣬ŮҪʮ˰ɡ
Է΢ЦҲֻòԵĵ˵ͷһӣֻܸǡ
ȥ޹ȥһۣҾڻ޹߾ɽˡ
ٻᡣ

ʱ֮Ⱥϻڡ
ϻڵɽ壬ľд䣬ﻨ㣬ǺϻڵĿʦŷѫķѲСĴۣںϻɽŲ˷赲˸ɽ֣ϻ峣̡
ⷨÿĵĴԪʯ֮࣬һСһƲ
ϻ壬ﻨ㣬ܼƯŮڻ֮дݺݺ࣬ʤա
ӵŮ޵ŲŮΪڣǺϻڡ
ϻƽÿеӣ߶ĸŮ֮ͬޡ
ЩŮЩǱǿȵģԸģϻڵĹȻӺô󣬲ɲõĻҲᷴŮӣһЩֻƷ츳ԵȵŮӣԸϻڣϻ񹦡ŵİ£кܴϣտʼ˥֮ǰ̤ڣǺڡ
ˣжʮഺһֱʱòŮ˵ջǵеĺܶˣʮĴ壬λñȰ׾ơĽ˹ĵλ׾ӵĻҲΪеһԱ
ո̤ڵŮޣɽҰ֮ۻᣬףǸոյõʮഺǵͶڶʮңŮ˵ʱΪƽʱĺãټϸ鵤Ǽˮ˫ʮ껪Ůûκ
ףʱȴϻڵ̧һ˴Ҵҵɽɫ԰ף鴤ǵһ
ӶˣǡŷưɣһŮһϳŷƣΪϻһЩǰ;ĵӣЩŮ޶ĹעһͬޣõԴȻҲḻ̵ĺˣһЩ鵤ҩ㹻ͻˣЩŮ˵ʲôȻڿǷΧ֮ڣֻҪͻڣսжû⡣
ŷƣ죬ôӡһŮסС죬ϻƺܷһЩ飬ǰЩ죬ϵֶŷݶɱż죬ŷֱ
˵䣬һ˺һɽϷȻѾǰӵϢӭӡ
˿ŷƵӣһɨ֪ŷƵǿó׹ì󱻹⵽ɲűӣûиʮ£ָ
ڻͲܲμˣŷһСĴüô£
˱ŷƵĸŷأڵ쳤ϣϻڵĳ߳ŷǶǿʦŷѫֱϵһڸʵõԴ࣬Ŵ츳ҲӣͻĸʱȽϴ
ϻڵͼӱŷصһȣʱеһɳصѹָУ鱨ΡΡİľ˵ˡ
Ե˵˵йâһͨӵпܹɱͬߣ޵У
⼸ϻڵΪжΣ˵Ӣ䣬޵еĳƺţǿŷѾе֣ŷƣ˵޵вΪ
ߣô˭Գ޵УһΪȻŷƵĸŷӷ壬Ϊڡ
ͨ깥ߣھԵʵ¸Ϊ壬һڻϻʹĴۡ
ţڹķΧڣҪ顣ŷҲŷӷΪСӳһ˳ѹŷƵӰ
׷ģס

һ˵ǵĵ죬ڻʽʼʮʮ壬ԼڣܼٶʮƼɽȴɽš
ô꿡УۣȻǰϻ¥Ҳ˲ٹעЩڣڵǣֵֻùעһСţǵĹ㷺ۡ


239 һ
ɽ֮ԶأݴһΪڴˣڵ£γһɵڵɽ壬ĺڡ
ΪɽԪḻ°빦ɽһϿУԪʯﲻͨԪʯƷʵƷԪʯƷԪʯ
ЩƷԪʯֻںĵӺͳϣͨû˵˵ʹˡ
ʱɽɽ֮ǰĿյϣ˸ܡ
Ϊ̫࣬һ˷ֵĵطֻзԲɼɭڵϵϢͲôˣڵĺܿҪʼɽŹأȥĻŶˣǾͶ˶ˡ
ĲѷӳȫʵһԻ˵ָȻ
һΣǵȻҲʵ㣬뾲Ҳѡ
εϥ̬ʱһͻȻ𣬡ⲻ˹ٸôһᰡ
ͷȥȴһɫۣĸݵЦе˹
˱ȭЩ䵭˵޸һᡣ
˵Ŀɨһһ̽ǵΪ֮ϵЦŨˣ˹ɳĵӾȻһڶûУΨһһõóֵͻСҲȡʲôɼѾԤϵڻ˹һͿء
ٸδĵӣôж͹ǳڵģʵѹɽŰɣ˵ķ̵
͹ǳΪ˱ɭˣԷĻЩ̶ɭֻ۾ƳһۣϢɭζ˵ôô˵Ǻ顣
ʵΪ˵Է
ǻ޹丮ĸȵӵʱ򣬹ϵͲ̫˱ָɵڵĻ޹˹θƫƫڻʱڻ޹˹ע˻ᱻֵһ飬ǣ಻Զ丮һֱżҵľֻҪץᣬͻһš
ٸ˵ĲΪʵȴӰʵҪ֣ǻ޹˹һ´ˮβμڻҲ빲ˣʶһ°ɣ֣ȡܵõһóɼٱɽŶˡ
˵ţкʮǰȻͬǶ޹Ĺ˹ʮ
ʮ˶ǶʮңΪﵽڣһﵽڣǶ͹۷塣
޹ΪʮǰĴڵҲһɵԽУοǼ˵ΪԶ˹
͹۷壬ڣһڣԱ˹һһ͹ǳڣһ͹ڣ͹۷塣
ȫɱΪԱȣЦãҫ
⼸޹ţ˵ĿҲһ˿ıģüһɾĸܵľǵһȡ
ʱȴ°ͣ˼ʲô
޹𡭡
˻޹أڻ޹ɽһƬˮ̺ŴԪԺµߴкô
ɽΪնƭ丮Ͻ
뵽̧ͷڵ꣬ԷϣԴһɰȷʵнʱʮһڣŵҲǳˡ
޹ƾأټϹԴḻµܵԴ˹һΪһЩΪ档
ڵ꣬϶ݹء
в²ţ˿ûԷǵıģµĴţ·ڿһֻɿڵһ㡣
Ϳ˵ìܣǿ۸ôԷ֮»ԹѾˡ
뵽Ƿһ΢ɲĻȣԪʲô
Ѿ붨׼ȫ˵ҫԪ˫ۿ¶Ź֮ɫ
Сӣġ
ڻУʮƣӦ֣һ¶޹˹ֵܹңʱһ飬ڱ䳡ˣҪ飬ˣһͲôˡ
˵˵ţ˼Ȼû޹ĵ飬˹ӡ
ʱӹ˵ţӦ飬ɭʱ֣˾Ͳˣ֪𣿡
ǣһ㵽ΪֹġЦеӦɭһ£ľګĵ˵ͷ
ôһ˵ˣʲô˼ʲôʱֵˣ
ŵʮҲˬ㵽Ϊֹ˾ͲˣҲ˵ЦݣôôǷ⣬ʱҲű㻹Цó
ٺ٣٣ĵӺƤЦⲻЦ˵֮䣬ζʮ㡣
УҴļӣмʵǲģԽսû⡣
ŶĸЦеʴʣ룬ɴɣʱһ仰Ҵ㣬㻹ʲô
š˵ָָ˵ֻж͹۷ΪǶԸڵߣȫûġ
䣬Ի޹һҵҪֽֽ̣
Իʱ򣬲廰ԵЩòˣǶԷڵΪžǳԼģǿ̣벻̣
һ޹˹Ҫϵģ㵽ΪֹӰ˺ı˺˹˵˲ĻֵѪʢ䣬һ·ŵĹ⻷ģôơ
ֱ̤ǰһǰɣ˻޹䣬ǾͿԱһȣ
ֻЦЦû˵һֹ֣˳嶯䣬ӵĹ㳡УȻܱ䡣
ٺЦٸλСֵܶŰҪӮô죿
ǺǡֻЦЦû˵
ʱӿڵӮˣһ˽Ʒ
Цһûӻõ˽ƷͲ˽Ʒ𼫴ҲóʲôûǴεȵ˽Ʒۡ
ֵټһű鵤һƿҺأ鵤;ҺȻǻɭؿ֮Ľһֱûʹá
һ˵ȴǶˣ鵤;ҺòСӦã˵㻰
ȻҿԶ֮ģӮأ˵ﻰһת̵ô࣬ĺβҲ¶ˣƱ˸ĶѼҵ£Ѿɵᳵ·ˡ
˵ҪôЦûԼ䡣
򵥣Ӯˣǻ޹ؽϼξˡ


240 ɽŹ
ԭǴ⣬һ޹أҲɵ֮ǰ;˵Ծԭǹ⼤Լ
ǻİǸСԽ׶ԸڵߣȴͨڣսڵߣǵȴǴˡ
۾ҲǰܶԸڵߣʺС͹ڲܴһԽС뼶˲ˣԽһҲǷëǡ
ȻӮĸʱĸʴô࣬˱ͬԼ
˵һ޹صأ̺Ԫ֮ޣÿҲֻܹĸʹãſھҪݼΣθڹģȻһӮԶĶԼҲϰ߸Լһ·
һαһΣΣһЧãˣҲòˡ
ɵһԾĹѺöˣ鵤;ҺǰΪƷҩϴ裬ȥҺʹãЧѡ
ҩƷĻΪֻ߲٣Ҳһ
ļһ˱鵤;ҺôԼãװױԼ
뵽鵤;ҺЧ˷ܵ촽ˣ˵˵ͷӦԼ
伱æãˣ޹ؽʹһΣ֮ͬģ
亦ڣҲ֮ġ
˻ΪģԴϲ˿˿Цݣֿ˿Цݣв֪ôӿһɲԾĸо
˶Цǿ϶һɵЦ

һʱ֮ɽ֮ͻȻתĻ֮́ͷһһɫľƮ˹ľʮɳͨ˸ķģһʵĹ絰һľ۰棬ľ۵ǰͷվˣµˣһ
ȻԶȴĸܵɢѹȸУǧҲѷɫ

ƶ˵ΪҲǧǧŶʮ꣬˿ͶѾС಻һ㡣
ʱڻй٣˱һվˣ
ԻѾõҲеһЩѹȸУԾסֶ
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㳡ϵῡǺܶǵһβμڻ䣬ǰô޴İʯףЩ£ôҲû뵽ɽʯ֮ôʯס
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ʯܹһǧʮ㣬ÿһĸ߶ȶһߣվŵһʱͨʯ̨߿ɽɽţ㣡
˵꣬һ˦һ޴¯ɽǰ㳡֮ϣ¯вһһɳֱ۴ֵ㣬ѾȼȻĳȴﵽһɣȼյٶҲ죬һȼ겻ͨ١
һЩβμڻῡܰͲס׷չɻһʯ̨ףЩμӹڻߣȴųأһŲʯ̨ףЩ˳ȥϹ׽ЦݣſǳԿ
ʯ׿ɣ˲վҲԵӵڵһ̤ʯ̨֮ʯ̨ϵķͻȻâʢһȦȦתһɾ޴ѹͻأĳʯ̨ϣû̫׼ĵӱһͨһʯ̨ϣˤ߻ء
Сģ̨йŹ֡
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һգ۾мʮӵȥЩйؾϵķŵͣӳʯףһʯ֮ǵٶ轵
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ڵ״ġ
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״ӣȻм汾£ôǿһ߶ҪܵӰ죬Ǽȴֱϡ
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241 ȺӢ
ܿͷɵ˰ʯ׵жΣʱһ𣬡Сӣе㱾£С㡣
תͷһȴ޹͸ԶҲһɵӣȻûȫ
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242 俪ʼ
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ͷһɽţȴɽз׭ȻɽҲ󷨡
ԭˣɽͽڵĺ֮ϣ󷨷Ԫڴˣ˵ɽ壬ǵԪҲ˹ǿһȵԴһؾۺˣֲЩ͹۷ߣԸǵŵҲԸȥСһ١
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һݣţ֪ҳԾ˹۲עĵܺãԽԽȤˡ

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ʮյĵ죬ڻʽʼˡ
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˹ͻ޹ͬһÿڻ䣬ǶᱻһټٽҺ壬ܹ巽
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һۿǸŮӣȻԷ棬ȴϳǧꡣ


243 
ʲôأôܻԳҡҡͷ
ǧǶƷ˵ʥŮʥŮӦü̳ţǾ˾˼ӣԼһδʽͻƵڵС䣬࣬ǧҲϾ֮עһԼôһˣôĵıȶ
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244 ո¶ͷ
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ͥԭЩź˿ֿ˿ͻȻЦˣ֮ϵ򵥣¸˼ˣŮ仨ˮʲôȤأ
̨ͥĸСܣӭЦ˵ϲͥ쿪ʤ
һСŮѣӮһʲôС츳ǲȺĵҲһģ»ǰˡ
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ǮСǱͥڵĸ࣬ȻһרעΪҲ̫ﵽڣͨɽŹ֤ˢӵġ
˵ֵԼϳˣǮС˷ܵվ磬ˣСȥȥ
ͥôǮСɨһǮСֵΪȴסˣ͹ǳڣǰɣôͨɽŹصģĪóߣ
ɽһأרռܴƣЩʵһߣŶҲɻء
磬̫ˣһ͹ǳڵļһһǳʮģһֻóɡ
ǮСûϳʤѾдϣһ磬Էʮߣѹ
ʼ
л䣬ǮСһצɭץҪսپڵΪһʮĶ͹ǳߵĻǾ̫ˡ
СҲҪ֤ԼڵļֵûĸԸһﵱСܡ
ǮСһצɭĳȣϵؽûΣƱǵصɱӿ̨ϵĿʱʵʣɱ¾
ǮСֻΧɫһ䣬·ѪصֽԼ
ǮСרע˱֮ľͲôôƿɭɱ¾
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䣡
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Ŀɭһۣɭľȱ࣬ʵʻɱ򣬾Ȼܹɱõ̶ֳȣš
͹ǳڣսʤڵĶ֣ȻǮСʵһ㣬ϾȵӣһʮҪǿٵġ
ڶЩ£ô£ǮСˣôôĿŶԷһȭҷɣ
ǮСӵɫ԰׵³ȥղŵķһ£ҲɭˣֱڸħսƵġ
ϴ󡭡ҡǮСδһ͹ǳڵߣԼҲ̧ͷ
ͥûǮСֻǿ̨ϵɭһֻ°ͣʮԽԽ˼ˣҵСǡ
һһĽУһʮһˣÿ˻ʮ峡ʤĶߣֱʮʱ۾һԭҲĸ֡
û״ӣΪͥǿһˣȴһĸ֣Ϊ۷壬ƾľһѾһ̨֮ϣͬ⣬ֱģΪĶֻ֣ӣҪסĪѹ
ڽָ̣˫סߵľ֮ǰһֱۿֵעļ֣Ȼͥ㲻ĸ֣˸Ķ֣Ҳûʲôùעˣһֱıų֡
롭ָ̡ĵùǳԻ޹һߣʱһ˪ӣûսѾˡ
ʼ
һ£ǻ޹ԥԥľ֣ҡ䡣
֪򲻹Ͳȡˣʵ󣬻ƴһƴõһЩ飬ʵǵҲǱ룬ѧκζžԸı
ʤûκ⡣
ת³ǰƳһۣҲֻĿһɨŲδͣһ£뿪ˡ
Ȼ״ӣʵҲ״Ӳ̫࣬սȵĽһֱǿģҵǺڴ뽪֡ȼս⡣

ڶʮһ䣡
ֵĶĶˣŲеϯϵҲ˾˱ĲԶе˶һۣڶԷпЦ⡣
һ۱תͷע°ͣĵҳǵ͹Ҫʤȴô׵ģſɡ
ɱϣǰٵĳҲ֮ģΪҲȳһѣһСĻ﷭
ûʼͽԪ۵⣬γһʵʻĹĤԪȼɣ˵Ȼ㲻ʲô
Ŷ깥ԪΣû뵽ʽ
ߣȻҽĶĶҵȻм˽⣬ϻ¥ŷƣ֪ˣûз


245 
ڶԷ֪»ЧʵΪ£ɱר깥׼Ͳˡ
һ߲רȥⷽ似Ϊ̫ټԺŻῪʼ֮꣬ǰֻԪ塣
٣˼ˣ侹Ȼר깥似ô죿
ֶҲ࣬Ͳʮ꣬ѧѾһ͹ѧˣоѧʽ
ݴԿһЩǲ֪ϵ϶ôһĻеá
Ƿ׷ţ˶ո¶ͷǣһս˲ٹڣа˲ߣڲѾȷ䶼ߣָͻϣǰ˽һ¶ֵʵǺбҪġ

̨ϣѾʼȴûж֣ķڹǡ
깥Чҿ㻹ôҶ˵
ʱŵšûгǹȻҶΪ깥ţ˳ˮۣѾԸ˵ĸ֮ǰֻֻΪֶΣⲻΪʵΪͨϵʹãԼֻ⡣
졢ԽԽҪ꣬ʱٲйصֻЩˣ˶ʹֻĻᣬȻ
ǺˣҲƾҵΪҲ㣡
䣬ֽгһһѽգַ̽á
˫
̨¹ڶǰһû뵽֮ǰսлһ֣˫ȵһȻС
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ԪתһһѽŷϹ⣬â⡣
̤ǰһֳֶ̳̽ڳ֮ϣһϢƿն
ۼ˫һкâһֻⷢ
䣡
ػעڽϵĽΪʧȥ֧ţһɢ⡣
ɫ԰׵ص˳ȥоŭӣԷֱ׶һȻ֮󱻴ȴ֮𣬸ղһʱ䣬Ļ󣬲ڻʧҡ
ǣ֮һػͿƲסԪʲô似ǰ׳ˡ
ǿҵԪޣǿˣȻˣԪ㣬ܴ߶һô
µҲܲôˡҧҧȫԪ߶£һһѽмת
˫У
Ԫһɫд˫̥֮תţԽԽһаɭϢвɢ
Ȼ˫лӳȥʱȴȫˣΧĹȫʧˣһվһޱ߿տĿռ䣬֮У־޴ĺɫУ͸У·𿴵պ޾档
У˫мֱֵһᡣ
һɲǣһ˿־ͻ㱡
Ծ˲Ϣһͻ˲ܡ

Ĥ鿪ҵĻӿĴԣľ֮ϵѾȫжˡ
磡
磡
ײʯ˫ֽڵϣ˫Ŀͣɫ԰ף°ĭƬ֮󣬱ĵȥ
һսܵó׵ס
ܣ˵ɫ˲üΪѿԶԶһ֣ǳЦԪ˵лл޸أˡ
òĻڴʱ˿ȴ˷̵ζ˶ֻô̶֮侹Ȼֻһаˣȴûֻǿۡ
ôܣ͹۷ڣһͨڣŵȶûļһﵽǼƷ츳
Ʒеȣֻڵ伮еƷϵȣ
Ʒ츳Ʒϰ츳ѵãﵽƷϵȼֱ޷
ʤ
мʱ֮ѾڵӱڽͱͥѾǰ϶ˡ
̫ˣڶܣأ
ڡܲܰɡҪԽһĻȵŻȥˣЩ״ڶ͹۷ʱҲ˵ܻڵĸְɡ
ǲһߵĹ;ȻЧԺܴƿرǵ֮󣬴Ҷʼ꣬˭ǿҲʱ깥ûˡ
Ҳȵаڳٶжܵ죿ʮ֮һʮ֮һǲ׼̬ˣҾȨҲڣҲǱɱĽһԸ˰ɡ
˵ȵӵ뷨˲ߵ˼Сʮܶûаսʤ׼Ȩ

Զɽ磬Ȼȫ̹עһս
ѾȷǸͨ깥ǧ˵ûμڻ䡣
ڻûϵԪҲû׼һ˰ɡ
һ·۲м翴ǺܲģҪʮսʤǿɲס
ССͣһָĪĸоǧҶ֪жٵơ

ʱ˹丮
һȵ丮˸ոսһ˶丮Ƕ֮ӣνǴ㼲ֻҪ⣬Ǳҵ󶼻һȥԸӾģԺǸǧ򳤣ԸӾģڴҲܻ쵽һ䡣
һ֣Ϊĺ£Ҳߵףͨ˼һҲӣȴһ׬ƽ
뵽պҸЩŹ⻷Ӳ־
չѧ丮Ҫڽ̹ٵĴ²ιɱʯҲΪǿǰţЩӺú
δߵʯǿв˾һһĽææµµ⽨ԱߣһŻһԣڵȴʲô
ʲôһʮСŮָһŹֵļ̳ڼ̳ܱߣһȦӨ͸ˮʯƯˮ
СŮ۾Ź⡣
ʲôˮԪʯֵһǧƽһŵĴԪʯ丮ӳԴ壬ȻʶǷ
һǧƽһţôţǼƽˣСŮС죬ÿձ鲻ʮƽ£ƽʵһ޷֡
š֪ʲôôԪʯ̫ݳ˰ɡ˵ͣȻԴ壬ǿһôԪʯҲۡ
Ǵ󡣡ʱ·̹ٿˣĴʮ봫ϢһξҪĵʮԪʯ
ʲôһϢҪôԪʯЩԴĵҲǾˣһϢƽ𣬿Цɣ
ʲôϢܵʵô


246 
̹٣ʲôϢֵʮԪʯݰǰߵսô˵һ˼ͥҲֻ˹սֵûѼƽݣϾһսʤܹܿϵҺˡ
̹ҡͷǰսҲõ丮ûΪ˹ʹ񡣡
ͨžﵽʮĴɲһܼ򵥵Ķ˹ĻʹƲˡ
ǵ״ʲôϢЩŮ۾д˺棬Ǻޱǿҵ䡣
ݵڻĽݱϲŻᴫ̹ٻش
ţڻ䣿һƬãȻͨ˺ٽӴôߵĲΣʵϣ丮ȶ˵Ҳһģĸȵжǿǲ
ڻ䣬ټۣһϸߵ͡Ȼ̹Ҳ֪ЩӽҲûʲô壬ӽ͡
Ŷۣһ۾һˣοе˵һ״ԪΪҲǳԴ壬ʮڵΪʵ൱̹˵ĸ۵ͷûޱȼսȼգ̹٣ʲôʱҲܲμӣܵö
̹һЦԷǵ˵ȥˡ
Ϊʲôܵ˴丮״Ԫ˹ŵߣ˽ͷȻȥˣ
̹ипֻƷϵ츳ɭһ㾪ޣ򲻿ܽӴڵĲˡ
ģǻһ˵ǸڴԱߵĻô
ţˡתͷȥȻһӣһֱڼ̳Եĺľϣü֮ԵЩ
ǵ̫ӵ£ڻϢϲŻᴫ磬͵ˣ֪ζʲôô
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̫ӵ£ǵ̫ӣ
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̾һγĽЩ̨֮ϣͬǣǲ̨ЩǣóһԪʯģ
˰ɣڻҪʢĶ࣬ڶңڶڵһãڵҪվǸ̨ϣܣ˵ǣ丮ĺĵӣƷ츳µȣƷе츳ţҲδлᡣ
Ʒе츳û᣿סˣ˵ʲô仰ֱӣƷϵ츳ѣƷ츳ģ˹ʮһˡ
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Ҹղ˵Ʒе츳ҲδܲμⳡڱĹңļ壬˹Ʒţʮųһкܴμӵģǡ
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һ˲ֻһϣӵ游ףŮ˱ˣĺӾ͸˼ˣ׿츳մ˼Ҹ׵Ĺ⣬ʵϣǸߣҲ˹ˡ
յվǱȲϱף׿Ĵˡ
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ǹҶٵ⣬˹ЩʷƾõļŲ̫Զˡ˵ڣǵĵôʱΪﵽ׽۷嶼ֻͨ
ɴ۾ʮ꣬ΪѾǳˣ峤Ҳޣǡʮ׽۷壿ʲô⻹ֻͨļٵģ
̹̾һ˵һ˹ɱǰѾʮǰˣǽɽŹҲʮǰ飬ⲻ˹ĳ裬Ҳ丮ĳ裡Ϊ˹丮̹٣޹⣬ڻ䡣
˵䣬ѾߵʯͷȥߴʯϿ֣Щ˹丮š
ԽǰԽ󣬵һֻһ֡
ģɭؿ࣬ٹ£־ͻᱻƳɭؿҪٱҵˣᱻѡĵӡ
뵽̹Щ꣬ѧҲⱲӽ̹ɫѧȻֻǽѡ

漤żŵһ
˺̹٣ûвμڻô
ߵȦν׹ЩŮǲдһʡ
μӣȻμӣ
һЩȻ۾ͻȻ⻪
ܽǰһôһŮСʵ
ܽ϶ܽǰһ٣ǰʮǰʮʶսȭͷĳμڻĲԼһ㡣
Ŀڵķ򣬼ʮ룬ǧɽˮʱ˵ϣѾ˳ص丮̹ǵҲ˹ߵ

ֱʼȨͱͥҲˣһֱȨСǰʮܳߣÿսƴ
緹ʱ䡣
սʤ
ɭսʤ
̫ãѾߵĻԽԽã
ȻԤϵҲԼ츳ϣϣеССʧһ죬ҪֹСˣ֮Ż̨
峡ѾСɭΪĶֶȽСˡ
Щ֮Ѿʼľֵġ
ҲʵϣľֵǳӵܣҲСľֶ˵ҲǸӣСͿѡֵʵǵĶľҲһ׬Ǯ
㱻ѡ˶ľֵѡ֮һˣʻء
緹ʱ˵
ŶҶڵǶ٣һʣɹ۵ĻԿԼһ㡣
ûڵʡû뵽һھʶڵʣҲ̫ڡ


247 Сߣǰ
ʵǿǲ٣ȵǼ״̫ǿˡ۷Ϊ߳һ󾳽磬ǱԽսţһĺڸֻǿ
Ҳܿ罫ڵĸɣǾҪˡ
˵ѡֻжʮˣȫȺĵӣʮСѡŵģĽҲ棬һʮˣһʮٱѡˣһʮ塣
٣
ֶ죬ϸһ£ʱϻ¥ʱŷƵС֣żҵ٣һڻǰʮȻ˵ǰʮǱǰʮ״ӻǲԶˣһ꣬سɼȻ
ԴڻһһֱѳȺĵϣû֣֮ѡʮ֮һõһʮѾ൱ˡ
ˡղ㲻˵Ҳѡѡˣʵ
ֻǱѡʮѡ֣ʮĵһѡһ߸ˣһ
һҵҲôǰɣ
ţǰǾ濹һã˵Ϊڶ壬ۿҪˣǵʶһ
濹𡭡ΪңԶİĺܣֻ˵һЩţ濹һΪصĹȣ˹Сһ㣬ʵȴȻ޹ǿ
Իһ£Ц˵ӮǮȥϻ¥ĻһЩ
ǺǡʵѾ˶ʮԪʯͷЩ˼˵ͶɣȻܶڣܾ濹ûģûгǹء

緹֮ıʼˣȫΪŵģûоκγǩԭǣѡС棬ͬһط߾ܿ
ʮһˣʮ峡ϣǰʮѡֶܱ˴˴
˱ͥɭıȨĶ࣬ӭս٣ֱֱһڵĶ֡ڵﶫ
ﶫΪﵽڣСѾ൱Ӧû̫⣬Ϊڵӣÿ깥ߡ
ﶫΪŵվ̨ϣͷϿգһСɶ¯תš
ǿӮҲôףڵȻ似ϲɫǿȴԶͬߣ깥Ч
ʦʦһҪ׼ﶫӵƷе츳ִС귨ǿȿ֪
ǺǣпˣﶫȻʵ̫ǿÿ깥ЧĻ֪ʲôֶΡ
ٺ٣Ҫʧܵζˡҵſʤսᡣ
һ·ɨɵ˲ȸ֣ܶΪڵӣȻϣһһ·ȫʤ˼ʵģοԷǳʮͬһƶһ˹ͷϣȻ˲ˬˡ
ʶһھѧǬ
ﶫһͷתĺɫСɵУӭ㳤תۼѾߴСˡ
עԪ֮һȥ֮һСɽҲᱻҵСɽͷ
Ͳﶫʲôкâһֻⱬ
磡
ﶫɫ԰ףػ߶ΪʧȥԪ֧֣ص˵ϣשҵһƬ顣
ɶôΪʲôôǿ˵ҡﶫڴڵĴһֳֻڵ֧塣
飡ﶫйâһڶתٶȷȻշɵ߸߶ȣǺ¡һء
âﶫһʧȥɣء
ʤ
ŲеǶˣڵﶫȻҲˣһܵôɴ࣬ôܣ
ܣȻȣܽܣֻ̫̬߶ﶫʦôһ³
ļһﵽʲôͷ
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ʵֻ깥ȴ깥
̥֮ĵֻ⣬ҲǶ֮ĵĹ֮Ĳᶨߣڰֻʧҡ
ǿߣĲһᶨ
˵ǿͿֻĹˡ
ֻֻбʩܸܵĵ˺ѿеڱʩҲֻǾҵĻӿ֮ʧȥʶҲ˵ǵʲô
ʱ֮ϵȴ깥ڲ֮ͬھʲôҲֻһزжϡ
꣬ԽԽ˼ˣǧûԹʵ
᷺һȣԼһûа
С²ĴȥûʲôԾһʵıȶ
ֱɭͱͥս˲˵Ĺע
ɭʮһ꣬Ϊ͹ǳڡ
ͥʮ꣬Ϊڡ
һʼɭͿɱ¾ҲͥǿԵǿ֡

ֻͥΧɫһתһѾѪص֮Уޱ޼ʵĻɫʯЩӾԨ
ͥЦˡ
ô˿ڰ
Ƿһȣͥһ־ޱߵĻŻȼյЩֱӱճޡ
ԽԽʯպգǻγɵĻ棬ڻУͥ
磡
ɱ¾飬ɭɫһҰס
ͥЦݵɭ㲻ҵĶ֡
ǧ𣡡
һƴֻͥĻӰɭҰԽԽ󣬼ֱڱƬ졣
ɭһؽԪ߶£һն
磡
ƣɭµש˷ĩƺһڵأԪȫɢˣ˲ˡ
ͥʤ
ʱⳡսûʲôΪһľ磬ɭⶼӮǿҪȵˡ
ɭó׵ףƱͥʸûС
ɭͥһս֮СֵùעıĶַ׷Ȩȫʤĳɼߡ
ͥͽͬȫʤߡ
֮ֹС
ɭʤʮСĳɼߡ
Ȼɼһ㣬ǶԱɭΪЩˣΨһϧǣɭѾʮһ꣬ٶʼߣһŵС

ˣսϢӦÿ쵽ˡ
˹丮ѾϵʮԪʯԡ
ʱڴΧۼ丮ļϣؿ丮Ҫӣм˹塣
СӣǶڵս


248 ڶֿ
ҹƮѩ綳ǣ̫źʵϽ磬һַֻڿϣĵصȴš
ʵֲҲܵһʱõϢֻҪڻս̾ͻǧŴݸҪڶ컹ܳھۡϣ˳ǡ
ִֻԵ֮⣬û˭ĳɼˡ
Ѿ˽İһŷݶֻҪӰٽһͲӮˡ
棬һЩ丮ĵҲڵţкܶǽͨ˽丮ǣ˵һиǼ𺳣ðϺΪ˼֤ܿʷԵһ̡
ڻĳɼΣ˹˵ѧҫҲżΪҪ壬ߵʵ˹ȡ۵ĳɼҲǹ֣ɼﵽȵı׼ôȲ˹ԴҲࡣ
ȻǸʮѪҲɱȡѵ飬һ֤ԼļֵȺԸ⽫޹濹ʮеżҶˡ
֮ܶҪԴ󻯣ڷ˷һԴ
磬ƲЩһʱ֣Ѿˣ̳ѾߵõסĺУ书ѾǼ㴩ٶҲůͲ
˵֣ƻƮǵѩȥСˮմʪ˵ֽ
˵ȵýʱ򣬴ͻȻתʮԪʯһһ
ֵվ۾һգգŴ
봫ֱͬӷ˶ﵽʱ洫
֮ֹС
ɭʤʮСĳɼߣǰ
ȫսȫʤСһߣǰ
ƽ˵ĳɼҲһ˿΢Ĳ
ȫսȫʤ
ҫԴ˹ȳй
ΪʮеȵĹңÿڻһɽŹصģѾֵҵ飬˹ĵӽɽŹصģʮδˣ
һΣɭɽŹأɭСߡ
˼ǣȫʤߣ
Ǻεȵҫǻ޹Ҳȡĳɼ
ȫսȫʤȫսȫʤ¿ɴ˹ļ¼ˣ֮˾ެЦ丮˽˹ϵõĳˣͦΪ˵һ˾ެԼⱲǵľˡ
ȹЦ˾ެȴѾϣʱαϻ΢΢ȴʾĵ˷ܺͼ
־ڳһ֮ļǿˣʧŸ壬Ҳ˵ֻҪ⣬ͻ˳̳дͳ
ֵһѾ̫ˣ˿̫ӹʣȴûжᵽĵʹͿ־壬λ֮һʼ޷ٲĸõҲһ
ÿ춼߸˿ĵţڿ⣬ܲ
õϢ丮ѾڻˣðźվȵģΪżߣȻἵʣֻ羴

ʮŴͬʱȼϢѸٴݳȥ
ЩΪԶõһĴֻܴľ룬õĸߵȼԴǧִ˹ȻС
һ꣬ǵڶ
ںҹ֮УĻѤð쵡
һЩȼյĻ棬ͻȻô

գɽ
µһ죬µ죬ıҪٵĶ࣬ȴҲҪҵĶࡣ
ûоǩеıɲаţݸѡֵʵ֣·飬ѾȹĲٱȣʵǿѡҲǰ
˵飬һֻʮˡ
ʮ˵кȻ״ӷ
֮⣬лڵıͥ
ʮ˵С飬ÿҪа˳ֻһˣͱͥһսѱˡ
ͱͥǿҲţÿСͨճɼһݶˣڶݶˣݶˡ
ʮС飬һݶܹʮˣʮ䲻˵ǰʮҲ̫󡣵ʱѭԻֶɼһݶӵĵһǱڻĵһ
ڶݶӵҲѭǰʮģʸһݶĵӱȹӮ˻ܽǰʮǰʮûϣˡ
ݶڶݶӴͬС죬˵һСǳؼֱӾӵĳɼΡ
ܷԾڴһ٣
ǰʮٽһݶӣ
ʱ򣬳״Ӽţûʵһݶֻˣ۳һ϶ռݵһӲߣʵֻ
Ÿ˻Ǿɸѡţ֮ҿ֪
һᡣ
ŲеһƮƮŮչ䵽̨֮ϣ貨һ㡣ŮűɴϡԿò䲻㾪Ϊˣȴһصʣԡ
΢΢һ˵ǸǾ濹һеãñ˳Ϊ˫ӣͷ㻹ʢ
濹Ϊأʵ˵ʮһҲΪ濹ȫһΪŮŮھ濹ȨڻȨ֮ϣʵۼλҪ濽̻̽ʼᡣ
²⣬Ůġ񡱼пϽһǹŴֵĳλܣ֮һЩУԲǿľ濹
˫ӶʮһʶһʱһӮڵﶫʽһûܸǹ˫ӡ
Ҳ˺֮ģǵʲô֮
ϳвɧһЩеӣԶԾȤһޣڷŹܸоˡ
˵ֻʮأٲμһڻ䣬ʱ֪ܳ嵽ʲôΣ
˵һأ
ڣûжƵĴݣɴһֱû˵ôƯŮӣʲôɴ
۷׷ףĿȫͶ˾ϣ˺һֱʼǲͻȻһţôһûϳأǸأ
ôֻоһ˰Ҳǲ⣬ãȻĿ롣
ϳˣȾ磬ֻŤĹУˡ
ʲôⶼУסˣⲻôǧ治С
ʱһĮ˵ǻڵŵӣԲٿعƭֵ۾һڻ䣬ʮ־ʱ䣬ϣǰʮ


249 ˫
תͷһ˵˺ȻǽȻӴĲ࣬ȴܸоһ۹⼫ߵˣܱһ䡰šǳˡ
ЦЦȤˣһڶ£ȻƼ
Ŀһۣ˵ʵЩǿˣţ
ĸзͥټһзȵһΪ¶֮ɫû뵽ЦóҪôǷ˽һݶӣҪôǶԼʵţоǺߡ
ᣬΪ˭Ӯʽ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰıûչ¶ȫʵҶȫʤߣҲ޷Ԥϡ
ƽÿȫʤߵΪĵˣڵĵǷͥټȫʤߡ
һıܱȫʤˣֻʣ
˵ĹУеսѾʼˡ
һΪսʼնֻܿŮɢһĹУλǵ۾
ƾǿĸ֪ȴǿһ˦־УЩпַÿһɱͨߡ
Ϊٶ̫죬лһĺӰ̶ĺХҲͷƤ顣
ݹޱȡԸоóȻеĹԪȷȷʵʵ̺ŨĹ֮ԪأһֱȽľˮȻԪ׽
ת֮䣬ѾʮУЩڿкХŷ裬ȴû񷢳ʱͻȻ˫һϣȵʮоɱ
һȣʮз׷׵תһɱ
ԺǵĹй˫ƽ٣͵ĹâĿڷһһĺʵֳΧ
ͣ
ʵĹ֮жʱ˼ٶȴ󽵣ͬʱеıԵҲѸٵڵ
ǧҶ֡
˫һָһָӰǵء
䣡
һֱŤеƺһֱӱָ˳гһλεĹ֮֮ɫ
ܣ
촽һһĴӡǰƣ
䣡
޴Ľӡϣй⽣۶ϣ³һѪ嵹ɳȥصײ˷ϡ
ʤ
Ųеڶûӱʼֻ˶̶ʮʱ䡣
ֻóУһзأй֮ˣδŲӣϵɴûб紵ʼգޱȡ
ɲ֮СͱѡΪڵĺĵӣ츳ˣϽڻѾʮһ죬Сȫսȫʤǰʮȴ˾񣡶ǰ֮ڣ
̫ǿˣ
üᣬ˭ʤ⣬ǾѹԵƻʤ֤Ѿ˳ǰʮʵ
ĽǰʮҲһˣݽ֪Ͳ֮󻹿ٲμһڻ䡣
Ǹʱķͷ»һٸʤһ
ʮӵݳǰʮǾʷᣬ˲õĳɼ
ҡһ羲ʯؾʯʵȾ٣һССľ濹һӳ֮ڻǰʮĵӣһδй飡
һߵȴɫȻȻЩ⾲ʵûΪԼġ
Ǹŵļһһڻпͷˣʮʮ壬١˫ӡһĸţо˫ӺͶһڻ䣬кܴķչռ䡭
뵽ͻȻƤһʮ꣬׶ˣ
ʮʮ꣬Ȼֻһ꣬˵ȴ𼫴
һŵĺӴӻ·Ϳʼϰ䣬ʱϰ䣬ֻԵĴҩʣԪ
ԪҪ忪ʼɳʱҲǴʮ꿪ʼʱ߲Żֳ⡢ؾ硣
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ȻС
ʮֻ꣬һţʮ꣬ǾǾţߴڵ״ӣҲѷɫ٣

ڶ塣
֣һߴڷֱǽڡڡڡڡϻڡڡڡ
棬Խڹǿ˵ڵĵӾģڣиľЩűڡڡڹʽΪ죬ʽ˵ûнǿȴȽڸѶԸ
ߴţȤľڣõĵڶƬһʦܣֻϧʦе󷨣ΪΪ޷
ΪҪóģɱҪΪУȴ˺ܺõһΡ
ССа飬ȹ
й΢׻ɱǰδ뵽ġ
ڿǣҪڵĻǲǾͼڣ
һʼ˷似ϲһһĻԪûЦСʵϣߴ״ӻӭսѾһˡ
屾Ҳ֮һڻʮСҲֻһѣȻһݶϣãڶݶȴǲ⡣
֮𣡡
ԾѾֱ֮óѹ׾Уڵĵӣڱα𾫣ȫԪעα֮Уһƿն
Ȼ̨ķ󣬸ܲƾΧȫŤ˵Ĺ߾ͿԤ֪һ
һԽһСˮɣϣһڸ֡
ǣֻ̧֣ջһɫ󣬲˼һĻˣɫ֮Уͬţ뺣ʧˣͷ·ǽɫһռ䣬תˡ
˹ĳɥ̾һ˵䡣
֮ѾǿʽڷǰȴһǶûôƾʧˣһ֮Уʵ̫ˣ޷ƾǶ١
ʤ
ⳡʤûκ⣬Ҳֻ̾һ״ӵʵ㿪ʼȴһ
ȴһֱڻŸղǸһССΪʲô̵ȫĳ֮
оܵϵڵϵ𼫴󣬼ֱ˵ȫͬܣ
ڵϵȴڵ˵ø
ʱе˼
Աͥ
̧ͷͥĿϣʱͥһЦһá


250 Աͥ
ͥһսһζȫʤѡҪһˡ
һս˼ĹעΪʵˣҲΪһսϵʮһ˵׻˭ҡ
֮ǰʤᣬֱӽĶʮһ˵ѹһһһ羲ʯĶҲŽһһ
һ£Щ֮ǰû˫ӵߴΪûڣЩѾ˵ϲЦտ
һһһʣʲôǮˣǼˣȻв
ҲӦߵһȻǶڵţ뾴˫ʷĲʵе
һΣͥһսһΪҪս̶ܴϿԤ⵽ʮһͷε׹˭С
ͥʵҪᣬ뾲˭ǿ˭˻֧־Ӯ˱ͥĻʧȥ˽ʮһʸ
ΪŶ͹۷壬ͥΪȴڣһ磬Ӯô
˵һڲԼҿ϶
һսҵ˺þѽСǿϧͥһЩŮԻʱЦͬһʢĳա۾һ̨µСŮϣӮҺʧ
СҲúܿϧҵѣģʧġӮͥȻû⣬ֻܷӮͥȴûס
һ̨µĹǷ׷湻ŵġ
ͥǱǰĺĵӣΪڣս벽ĸҲѷɫ
˴ڻ䣬ͥпܳǰʮ̵ֻ깥з񡢱ͥǰ˲һݶӡ
ͥЦŰܲҵĸ㣬Ҳ깥֪깥أҵ깥ǿأ
Ҳȷ״̬ҵİյǴ˼֡
ߣ֪νűͥһߣΧĳʱתȫʧˣͱͥվһƬޱ޼ʵԭҰУĲݵأҰ㣬¡
һڵĻþ깥ҿ
Ҳ깥һ֣ɱΡ
ʩߴĻþռ䣬ڻþռУʩ߱ǽĴڣԹֶɱþռеĿꡣ
ڻþռеߣһΪԼˣôҲˣһܹɱˣͨʽͨƻ˵ﵽɱ˵Ŀģȴֱɱ˵ꡣ
ɣ
ͥһȣ󣬳һŮߣŮ㣬ģò޾徣ߵ塣
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þĶԾô
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ֻⱬеþԭ˺ɫ籩
Ҷ걻籩˺飬̶𣬴ʯʵУŮҲʽ˷籩֮Уҽ֮㱻˺顣
ţ۾
ͥӦֻôһĻӿԣľ֮˲伸ʧء
䣡
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ɣ
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ɰǧĺɫգϢ֮һͬ˹ɱĹУӥצӺɭɭ
ۣ
ӥûʵһû壬ֱľ֮һʱ䣬ľ֮ϿѾӥڱˡ

ͫɫ֮ڱһ޴ɫƺдһִ粼գӥУʱҽ裬ת˲֮лΪҽ
֮ƹ֮Щþ˲ľֺ֮
ţɫľ֮
ͥд󾪣ֱһϵľԷΪ̫󣬷˭Ҳƾ깥ľ֮
ϵߣ֮Ԫ֮У֮Ԫں϶ܴﵽɣѾʮֲˣƷ϶ȣмʵս塣
ﵽųɣΪƷ϶ȣš
ﵽʮɣΪƷϵ϶ȣΪ
ʮɣ֮ںԪ֮УһߵﵽĵزһһʽͶ֮䣬Ʒ϶ȡ
֮ں϶ԽߣҲ϶Խߡ
Ʒϵ϶ȱǱ֪ͥļޣû˵ܹ֮뾫֮׵϶ȴﵽ˶ߣڴﵽֵز
ѵƷ
ƷĻҪʩչ깥óܻ֮˰ɡ
ⲻܣ
ҪôĲԣҪôСͨʲôطһ㡣
ͥοԼвɱĲһɾ⣬Ҫֶξǻκβ˶Էľ֮ǶԷѾڲ֮ء
ĶԾ˲Ϣ䣬һ⣬ǾǼ֪һ˲䲶׽˱֮ͥķ϶ֻⱬ

ûиϲˣôվ̨һȲˣ
׳հͿʼˣӸղһֱڣ˶ڻԾ
ʲô˵ģȵĻȫ˽⡣
Ȼڣлùͻɣ֮ǰǿǻùɵģ壬ڵͥǻɵģɱ꣬ǸҲ깥ģ˾ôվˣվһʵԾ̼ΪգŪþͳ˰׳ˡ
ƨĻԾʲôһ˼û
˵꣬ƨˣѾ̭ˣıߵսңȥıߣ˭Ӯ˭䣬˭ǿ˭ùġ
ÿ˶һֻῴ֣ڳĲ˶ǻڵӣҲǻɵмңרⳡļ޶Ծ
ͥȻǻһǿĵӣרڻþ깥Ѿڻһˮƽ
˵ͥԾȻһһ˵ĶԾͥˣһϳ
Ի˵һ̧ͷ顣
ӵõĹõʦС󣬸Դѡãȴһߣʵ˵ȥ


251 һԸһԸ
ڻþռ֮У糱ˮһֻ⣬ӿͥΪ֮ǰһ˲ԥͥһ˿ץסᣬ׷ʹ
䣡
ӿͥԺͥ˰ֻصС
֮ĶԾ˲Ϣ䣬Ϊգһд䣬üɣͥҪǿö࣬ȻΪղŵ˱ľ棬ؼܹؾ֮Ҳǿ֧š
ԽƴԽݣƾž֮ףֻأȫԸ֮֮ڲ֮ء
ͥڵĹʥضֻֻȻȫûпɱԡ
Ҳƾڻжĵӣǿ֧
ģ̨վŵıͥɫ԰ûһѪɫ
СӣȻôǿ
ͥΪڵӣרȻвҪ֪ͥΪǱһ硣
Һһ﹥ֶεһȫȱļɣÿιж˷Ѳ٣ͥ˼תһߵĹһʤĿܡ
ֻزȻǿ󣬵üɣÿι˷ѴټصһʡٶȴҵȥɣֻҪҿһ͹ҾӮˣһľ֮ϵͲά֡
ͥţǷһ˿ЦߣһȴüɣעҪԼϣ
ͥû뵽뷨˼ӿһֱֻڣΪ˲ֻ⣬ͥһʵӽü죬ֺõĶֱּ
˵ͥһõĥʯ
þռһٱ䣬Ӳԭڰռ䣬Ӻڰռ䵽ɳĮɳĮѪص
ͥΧҪôҪôŮߣЩޣǱͥڱԼľ֮ģݹĹ£һһɫн飡
һսһ㣬㣬㡭һֱʱʼվ̨֮ϣһ
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̵µġ̫һⱾ֮ǰʱѾˣȻ̫һŵʲô˲귨Ƿܴ½ȴǼƷеļƷ
ȻˣڱͥҲ޷ܵģɫȱͥҪ
ҧֹڣΪĸǿȶսУ˲ʵԵĺôüɻΣҪǵǲֻľûᡣͥʵӽḻĶ֣ʵڿϧ
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ڵĵӻãϾǼֱȶʽұĽҲغǻڵȻĿȥ
ˣͲͷˣЩѾ볡Щۿ˯ˡ
Ųȥˡ
ͻĶԾ˸Կȶ˭ռϷ磬ҲȶоĹУֻܿ˵ڱֱ棬ڱͥҪù
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ڵ̸ʱԶһ£ͥȻɫ԰ֽȴǿվȡ
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һǿߵѪ֮ڶǿ֮ǿĲū㷲˹ֱΪʹûнֻ߲⡣
ڵڶأ֮ɱ˴ĶԹ飬һֻŮ̬İٹ֮ЩȥԹ飬Ϊ˾֮ꡣ
Ϊ̫࣬ΪޣֻһС֣Ķ洢ڡ
ڵնɱѪħյѪ֮Ҳˣʱ洢죬ڻԵɺ֮£ȻˣԴԴϵע뵽ľ֮У׳ꡣ
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֮ϲ
żȻͨǹھ֮е֮ɫ죬˷ޱȣбͥգϷŹᣬڴ֧Ԯ£깥
⡭ôܣһֵĹ
ͥҪˣٶǴڣȻٷһµĹѾ׽⣬ӦӲϾ
ܣǻСҲûô̬
Сǻڵ״ӣȣںڶŮΪʵСҪȱͥǿ̫ˡ
һˣӦǻعⷵգ
ͥƶԼĲ²⣬ղѾˣͻأĳһָ͵Ĺ˳ʲôиõط
ר߶ͨطڹؼʱ̱
طҴߵķʽǱ˵ܴһ˺޸طиá
ȻڣȻҲط˵ڵطСˡ
ߣط˭ûУãҾͲô
ͥҲɱֻۣǱ䣬ֲǲòʧиõطǣ֮ǰѻ˵̫ˣҪΪȵЦˡ
˵һݶֻı̬ͥϿ϶Ƕ֣ҲûжգΣˡ
ΪǰĵӣһݶӶˣûˡ
뵽ͥһҧӸƴˣ
Ѫ߻󷨣


252 Ѫ߻
ȵĴ߻󷨿϶ĸСǾͿ˭ȼֲס
ͥҲǻȥˣⳡȶ䲻
ˣԴ£ٻһЩŹ׵㣬߹ϵŪϼƿļƷҩˡ
˱Ͷ˸׵ף˳ˣӰպ
ͥ˵ĹսͻȻøӲңֻ糱ˮһ͹ͥߵţһһȴһһ
㹥ģټиõĴ߻طҾͲģҿмڣ
ڱͥĴ߻طÿ϶Լö࣬µСطܶ˺㶮ҲŪҩ˵˶Ϊ
뵽ͥͻȻΪóѪ߻󷨺ҲȻˡ
ʱԼжҲҪҪû˱Լҡ
һֲҪǴһĩգͲʲôµˡ
ʱͥɫһ䣬ڻþռУͷ۵ĺɫʧˣȡ֮һȺݵֻʣ¹ͷĶЩ֫·ΪӪСݣһֻԴȴ˶ޱȣһֱֿԺ󣬳һڼܵݣѪĳͷ棬ˮϵĵ䡣
һѵҲˣͥɫڴ֮ǰֻúɫйȴټôһȺȻΪЩġ

óѪ߻֮󣬱ͥһأֱӹƽʱٻ
䣡
ֱײһ𣬼ʮֻ˵ϿҧڱͥԽԽѿɫУ͵ֵһ㱻ĳԵˡ

ʱֹһӣ
ȴվ̨ϣûзֳʤ˼
̶ֳȣ̨¹սĻڵӶľһǷǳΣյģ
Ƥˣͻϣ˽ǣҪһգˣȴܿǼһӵ顣
мƷҩҲҪ֮á
һվʹʱòʤҪƴô
ʦֺѪ߻ˣ㿴۾вѪ˿Ե޵ļˣٴȥˣ
ٵһʱ䣬Ǿ͸ǿнһ;ֺˣҿǸֵģֲһʱˣ㿴ѾĲˡ
ţղŵͻȻǣĳطѪ߻󷨻Ҫһ˵ԽطҲԽ󣡡
̲֮صĴ󣬻Ѫ٣ɫó죬ڻڵӿʹô߻طֲ̬ĺ
ˣôܼ֣һڵü˵
񲻶Ծ
ǰ˵ĻڵüԷŵʵ̫ЩͻȻǿ˴߻ط֮⣬бĽͣѵԷһûиõļƷ߻ط
Բܡ
̷ĵ뷨طߵ޾ˡ
ʱߵŮָָС˵ʦѪˡ
ţ
ͷһȻͥıѪѾͣ°ͲϵµΡ
⣡
ͣԷǸҪķӣ
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ʤ
ŲеֻһӦⳡĵıˣӱһʼ˾ڶۣһԶ˰ʱбĵıô
ڵļ̨ܵϣʱıͥɫ԰ףѪ˿ǿѪѾʧȥʶ
̧ߡ
һʮŮӰڰ֣ԱͥûʲôøУԷϾǻһǰĺĵӡ
һۣڶԷҵһЩʹô߻ĺ֢Ȼȴʧˡ
ûиõĴ߻ôֻһͣԷһֱֻװ֧ӣʹͥƴ
ŮӵɫӮȴñͥƴӣ
תҪߣŮӵʣŲһ٣ͷŮһۣûзʲô֮г˯Ͳ塣
ָָڵϵıͥ˵ôΪڵϵңʦҲŪøҡҶû֣ȴӣʹĳطĺ֢ɣֻһ䣬Ը߶иõطҲҪԸңö𣿡
Ůһͣȫ˵Ļˡ
ҿûκطҵģȴҺȻڵ߼ֻѹˣ˷
Ůҧҧ˵ϲ⣬ʹͥˣѿ֮壬ܾ֮ڵ״ӻСʦãԸʱһսҪû䣡
Ȼġ˵ת³
Χڷ׷׸óһ·ʵڴ˿ⳡսֵò޿Ȧɵ֮
ƴʱǿܱͥڼɫ԰ףɫ죬ȻԼҲɡ
ʵ϶ΪԸڱͥʵϾΣ
ľָǣһһˣʯһһġ
Ϊͥһս½ܵ˵þĻռ˶
ϾʼʼձĴݣûжܱŲӣ˭֪Ը˼ɵʵ
ԱͥƺѾӽ˼ޣ»˵ƣӮĸʲ
ȫʤѡһһ֮ʣ¼˵ıûʲôÿˣȻܵһֳߵ˶Ǹ֣ǰ漸ˣǲ̫Զˡ
Сܿеڶ֡
һϳᣬԷ˵ҲãҲã˵ûʲô
һ֮ܣ
ʤ
Ȼ̾һָһݶӣ⣬ֶǸļһ䣡
ڶֵڶ˵һ£ڳѡֶעΪȫǲݶԱıʱŵģѡԼҲ֪˭
ڶԾ񣡡
һȫȻԾ񣬾пһ
֮ǰȫʤͱͥѾܣȫʤֻʣ·ˣǷԾ񣬻Ƿʵûʲôÿģڴҿʤ״ʵ̫ǿ۷Ϊʵ൱ںڸֵʵܺ
пģĻǾı
ڶ˿Ŀǰⳡʤߣ
ʵΣֻս˲֪
ƮƮ㣬Ѿ̨룬濹Ӿ񡣡ɴűظеɴԵöƮ졣
ָ̡ı˱ȭ


253 Է
ǿԣ̨Ϻ죬ƶžϵɴɴֻĹھĶȴδֵĹԪŰķ籩ƿǾݵı־Ҳôһ϶ܶʮһ˵ԭ
Ů˵ĸоɲ⣡
ǿϧҵĹ⣬ʽЧġʼ󣬾δ϶֣һ󣬾񻺻Ŀ˵
͵ĻΧһʶ͵ĻɫΣһʵǡ
ǣûʲôӦ̨¹սȴص³һ뾲һսʱʮоɱǱ㵰Ǹˡ
ʮоɱǳţ⵰֮УȴͬľͷеĶ۵ǰţܿľɢˡ
һԲ۾ɫֻЯžֱ֮˾ȥ
һ˾ųԱ֣ͥöԷڶô߻󷨺󣬶϶֧һӵʱ䣬Ϊ˸õھ֮еľͬʱֻ⡣
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䣡
깥ʣҵײڻɫ֮У𵰿ǵľұΡ
̡
ɫǷ·еķݣʱҪѣȴǲơ
Χ̨שҶĻɫǳŵ鿪γһƣǾĵľȴ΢գ糣
ɫ֮籩뾲ʱ򶨵γĶԱȣƮƮɴһʱ俴Ϊ֮ԡ
ϵߣоʵ̺ޱǿ֮Ԫȫʵ깥
ǵģСŮӵԪ֮ԪƷе϶ȣߵԪ֣ԷƵϵԪܷס似Ҳܷס깥ҵľԷΪ£Ҳʦ֣ȴа취깥Ч
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Ʒϵ϶ѾԪضԵԪٷְںϣƷ϶ȣԪ壬
ֲþһ·սڣŲӣоԷκ˵ĹȻöˡ
ĵǣڲ֮أ깥Чˣ⻹ô򣿡˵ǳӮߣǱĸʲģڿѪ޹ĿԺܴ
ٺ٣ģȻ࣬ǰմ깥Ͳ;Զ͹۷Ϊߵڣǿ깥ȡˣĺָܶ˸ֲҪȻôһ͹۷СӣǸͥҲǸɵƣ似ȴҪ깥ҪӲӲĻô䣿
ͨߣʹʲô˵鲻ʮԪʯӮȻ˼Ҳһˡ
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Ĺôôˣ
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촽һ߽ӡһ߿ڵǱȶֲҡҵĹѶģ㣬Ҳ㲻
ƽһϲҫԼʵˣ˵㲻ʽǾǶ㲻
ָӡԽԽ죬ȫģ̶̵Ϣʱ䣬ӡһǧΣ
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˫һָһʵָӰͬʸһȥǵأ
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ǧҶ֣ȻҳǧҶ֣Ȼ鴫
ֲ˵㲻⻹ô㣡
֮ǰֻ̹һУ˲ͱˣȥ󱻾һƻܡ
֪һеǿ󣬸˷ĻᣬǧҶֻУôԶ㲻ǡսܣ
ָӰǧǧҶ֣ǰ㣬ʵ㹻ǿ󣬿ɵ£㿪᲻ֿܡ
ۣ
˫һϣеָӰȫ
Ƿһȣ飡
ۣ
һ˲䣬֪ٵָӰУָӰ壬ש֮Уֱӽשǧٿףʯɽ
ʱӰѾɢԭֻһĨӰ

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һ֪ÿһָӰ벻ƿأЩָӰк󣬲ģؾͬʱһǧָӰҲɡ
ָӰļ϶籩еһ㣬ߴ
ڷ֮⾳ļӳ£ãܶʱڶΪǣ޷ٶ㿪ȻձָӰģȴֻĲ
ָܼӰ֮У˿ٵƶܣڳھּٶȶײĳ𺳣˵һǰδеӾʢ磡
ٶȣ
Ҳˣһʮֱ꣬˼飬һǧָâٶȿȼʸһΪܼ򣬺޹ɿԣҪĹ࣬ҪٶȣҪĸ֪˲ж
ಣ
֮УȻӲıܿеĹƽ˾࣡
ʧȥյ򶨣һ˫ŵ
ʲô
ԼΧоԷ԰ģʱƶеͻȻȭͷ
ǿȷʵ߸е֣Ƕ˵ȴȫ⣬˿ר˷ߣԪֱ͸ڲͨ𶯵ķʽ߽ڲṹ
ȫϸСԪĺڵһ£ԪĵǧԪȫ۵ϣ
ȭ
һһȭ
䣡
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ǣ
ֻһͬѵǲ㱻ΪԷĵǣȻ类Ĳһ㣬ƳǧϸС飡
һԪ˺һƬ飬Ԫﵽֱ֮࣬ܽ˿һлɳ
ۼľԷһȭ飬ȫˣ
ôܣ
񲢲ϲˣҳƾԷȻм̣ĻɫǣԳǿǿĹֻΣȴ顣
ڣζûбΣֱˣ


254 ˣ
ųһѹ׵ǿ似ƵķҲ˾ȣȴֻһȭûпֱֵһȭû
ֻߣԷȭߣ
ڵѾɲþԾˣƿ֮Ѿһץ
һɫ԰ޱȣ˽ľ룬ʲô似ҲˣڿٶܣҲ˵óٶȣٶȲܱȵùôǧҶֶܶùȥı̬붼㿪һצĿܡ
ǧһ֮ʣҲֻܲƳɵһƵ
ȻֻһŮӣ˭Ҫ˶ΪʺܲǾʹˣ֮Ԫ϶ȸߴƷеȣѾﵽԪĽ׶ΣƽʱԪˮһעԪôͻǿ󿰱ȱ
Ծ屾Ǻܺõˡ
Ƶ֣û뵽Ϊһץ
һ
Ҳŭˣݽҧһƺ֣Ѱ߱Уǵ۵³
磡
һնϣ˲ʧȥѪɫֻһƵ·ϣԷʲô¶ûУԼֹǶҪɢˡ
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Ծһս;ַȻ˭Ҳû뵽սʤǰ㣬սʤ˾ȶ̲ʮʱ䡣
ʤķʽóǿȭͷ
һó깥ôôȭͷ
һ;꣬ͨһͲˣ깥ͻɬ£ⷽȡôɼͶ뼫ʱ䣬ȻҪˡ
ڿȻ깥˵һЩڳڶ̫ȣȭͷ
ֹʽ깥ʵǲ̫ˣ޷ϵһ
úܺá
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Ȼƽȴĳкܴϣɱǰʮڣ١˫ӵȵȲῡܣҲЩҡˡ
ڿԼԶԶ͹ۿɱһݶӣҲǾܰǰʮȴǹûг
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뵽мǰʮǰʮʵ༫
ǰʮģȫ״ӣЩڣ罣ڣϻڣԴḻĿڶ࣬ڵĵڶӲñ״Ӳ١
Ҳ˵״ӼţѾǰʮռˣҪǰʮͱЩ״棡
丮ڻ俪ʮʮҲپŽǰʮ籾١
ǰʮĲ٣ǰʮģָ
һβμڻͽǰʮôڶأأֻǸʮ꣬Բμڻ䣡
ȥˣĳɳٶ̫£²⣬һλܻ֮ǰѡڣ
ڵԴ͹֧֣һλ䣬ϣʶԼ֮ǰԤģҪǰ꣡
ȻڣȡõĳɼҲ뵽˹丮òһţȴת۾ҪͳȥЩꡣ

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ƺǸЩȤأ꣬Ǹӣ
ߣȹʷЦ˵֮ǰֻĵĹ۲ûεĿʷѹû뵽ʶֻǱһսľޱָˡ
֮ǰҲעԶ͹۷ʵһʵ̫ۣ벻ע⵽ѡ
ʷȻע⵽ȴûйעϡ
֮ǰֳĻֻ귽츳깥վƿֵʷ⣬ڿȻһô򵥣
翴ʷһۣаЦǧõϢȻȵӣԲǡصģڵĵӣһֱ丮ء
Ц˵ȷʵǸӣôʵδǰ;ʷʶ顣
۹⼫ߵôߵۣʷãڶƷǰʷȻֳֵŵʵû뵽ڻѡôһҪǰ丮ˣôõӣʮʵڿϧˡţȵȣʮ
ʷͻȻʶʲôԪ֪ͨңȥһ£ĸң
ʷͻȻһֲԤУò˹ɡ
ϺܿͷʷеĲԤӦˣǳ˹
תͷһۣɫЩѿȻǵڻտʼʱʹ˹Ĳһ
ʷ컹ʲôڿʮ֮˾ųϣ
û´Ļȹۿڻ䣬Ϊģ
˵ӣΪ˹ȻΪ˿һΪ͹۷СӣҲ̫˰ɣ
ˣʷԪӡ
عʮ꣡
ʮж͹۷ΪʣƷ츳
ȣƷ츳ȻǶһģǷŵ˵Ʒ츳ֻ㲻ܵһˡ
ζţϻֵעĵطԼ֪
ʶһ㣬ʷɫѿˡ˵ѲǽǵģȻƷţֻƷţʵܴ󣬵Ҳô۸˰ɣ
ôˣʷ翴ʷɫ̫ãЦʵע⵽ʷӸոնݵ뿪زµ˷ʲô
ʷǿЦЦڵǾʶɣ
ˣֻΪһЩɺϣСֵҼʶ

ʷûȣеȻֻһˡ˵ʥŮǧ꣡
ȻǧԹע
ô£ôʶ˵ʥŮǵȼŵܴ½ǼݵģԼ˶Ҫ


255 һݶ
ʷ֪˵ʥŮƷ츳Ʒ϶ȡ
ʥŮˮȸʥŮĻʮʮ죬ʮ죬ʮʮ벽
ȾνۣڻֻСӹҼҡ
뵽ǧ꣬ʷʵ᲻˵Щһŵ˶һ̫ϳ϶δǶ֡
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ĬһʷͻȻо鲻ԣǧʶȻˣΪʲô˽Ӵźһ£˵أαμȵڻ䣬ڻǵ㽱쵤˵Ҳʲôɡ
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ʱҼʵûȵǽǣʵϣ˵ȻԴḻҪĹȴʺʷȫڻ֮󣬾ʽΪȵӣΪṩԴʱ˵ṩһİ
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뾲һս֮󣬹ʮһ˵ĶľѾǽˣǰڡ
ڵıҲȫʧȥܶΪڶݶӣı󱣳ʵ
Ӯ˵ֺ֣͵ֱ֣֣ᡣ
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
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һԵЩɥղɱͨ˳ֿȭͻһ㣬һֺ޷֮ĸо
ˣսȫʤһݶѾǰ϶顣
̫ǿˣӡ˱֮ͥ⣬û˭ģǼ֮ڽҾǸͥҲΪصƶѡ
ȻʤȻ飬һ·ɵӮΧĹڷ׷̾
һԷ
ĬΪĵһһʮˣÿ˰˳ֻһˣΪѡ֣ıǿߡ
ȻҪԷˡ
ڵ̨֮ǰûп־񣬶ЦЦĿ
Ϊʮĵӣܲˣôһǰʮһڻ䣬ҵĶˡ
Ŷһ죿΢΢һЦЩ״һһţҲˣСʹŵĹ⻷󣬶ΪڵӣǹǿҵԽС
ûһ죬һĻֻʸ档ڷѾļˡ


256 ʼ
ƺ̫˵Ļע⵽ÿɷı飬΢΢һЦ
һʮӵһβμڻʸǰʮѾ˲ĳɼˣϧȻʾˣΪ̫͡
һ˵һҡͷʵᵽϣͬʱܱԽսǱĻʸҵĶ֣ҲֻʸҵĶְˣĳˣȴδأ
΢΢һȺĵӣ߰ȻҲһˣȴϲ˵˼
ôֻ˵ġĳˡʵ̫̬
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ʱѾɴЩһ浹֧֣Ͽʲô飬ֻΧһľԷ㣬ȵʱʱ򣬻Ҫϼ֣ʵжӡ
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ʱֻһͷܶԷôɵĻʤҪΪʮǵ

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꣡
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ţһԷļͶȳ
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ͣ
ʮѹ⽣һ˲佫ķ̵ͬһ㣡
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ҧֻ֣زڵԪ߶£һǿҵִҪƴҲҪŹϢ
ҵıΣٶȴգۼ䵽˼ޣʮоɱֱӱķڣһΣȴǡǡ෴ͷųĽ̫ǿˣֻǼһϢʱ䣬㱻̴
ۣ
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ŲеϢʱոչȥ
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ڵ״ӣʦֺ
̨׶ĻЩڵĵӣŮӲַļȻѾԷѾˡ
ʵϣߴ״ӣ˿ڵŹֵʵڳЩ⣬״ӣǺϻ檳ȺŷҲŮӭ֪Ůż޸ǣҲã˾дѵԴʹá
񳷵˷֣ڳԵ˵Ļ̨ʧ״
Ϊһڹ⻷г֮ŮսִʮǱĽ˵ϢսϢսƴȫ޷ı䣬ûܱƳֵȫʵôô
żȻ̧ͷ־һԵƽؿԼ

ʶ˷ǿʵȴܱ򶨵ı飬ĵƣѲɻܶԸô
޷ţ־ôǸԸˣοǳǰʮȥģһ״ӵײ⣡
û°ɣҲʱ飬ƴȫȴǱֳԵģΪ濹֮ŮܵĴ֪
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Ҳǳĵ쵽һٶʮԪʯĽһʱ˶ʮԪʯʤһ׬һٿţ൱ʮң˵Ҳһʾ޿

ڶСˣѡϢһڶ죬
һݶʮˣȫʤ߶ʮˣʮУ״ռ߸߸ˣնԾ֮ǰһ㲻
״⣬ڵĶĵռˣЩ˽״ӣ罪һܶȵǱʶѾΪߴ״ͬĸˡ
ʣµļˣҲǷķֻҪԴ㹻Ƕϣ쾳磡
ߴ״ӣĸںĵӣټϼСڵĺĵӣһʮˡ
ʮ٣ʮϼ壬ʷﵽ˾˵ǧ꣬һִϼĵһμһ֣Ȼǧϼû˺ܶ࣬ɵż򣬼ȣҲż񾴼֡


257 Ϊ
ʮ˵еһȻˡ
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ȵĸ߲㣬Ѿϣʮվˣڻ俪ʼڵʱҲΪ࣡
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Сɵĳϣʮӣʮͱ֣丮ĸЩڹ㳡ϵóһŵطСǶһķ˾ĴڣǷǺܶȴǰŶϣ˵ȥ֮ˡ
һڻˮƽӦǽߵģڹϯϣ޹丮һߺŲˮһ˵Ϊһ丮ĸ˻кܶŴģһӣԺȵЩɹ
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˵ø벦ŪŲҶ˵˵ЩرĿģרڻġ
ҾͲ֪ˣ˵޹ɼΣ
ͻһʣ˵Ĳˮҭ˿Уûܽڶݶӣ۵ǣ޹һ

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258 һ
ǸȻ֮ܿ
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ϯϵ˷׷ۣȵ˵ϵ߲̫ϡϡƷ϶ȵϵߡ
ȴУ΢Цſ趯ĵߣСһȻһֱȵó֮
ˣǳ׿϶ݣǧ־ԵĶ֮ǧƲ⣬֮Ԫ϶ȲѷĻ֮Ԫ϶ȣҲƷϣ
츳
Խսʺ֮Ԫϵ츳һΪԴˡ
ƳƳһԵʷ죬ԷûʲôرķӦǷһ΢Ļȣʷ֪ƿ׼飬ס˰ɡ
룬趯ͷҲ𣬿̤ͬħһ㡣֮ר˹ϻڹÿóʱŹ񺿣ҵƣҿ
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ŷӷһ۵³һѪ嵹ɳʮԶ֮ЩվȣϥأһֳųǵѪ
ղһ˲䣬ŷӷ弸˺ѣΪԼҪˡ
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Ҫ֪ڻǰʮζž޴ͽҲζԺõɵӺʹԴ֧֣顣
ܳΪĵӣΪͻͽЩȵòŮҲξߢҲΪԪԭʺõŮߣò벻ˣȻںڵŮӲΪ˵Ůұ׽Щ֬׷۶һɳʡ
ߴ״Լڵĺĵǰʮû˵ڣһʮҲҪǰʮˡ
ǰʮĵӼעڣΪĵӣ뵽ҪǵԴǵŮˣôʵȥ
νĽʺޣǴʱΪедա
ŰɣQ˶ˣϻڵ״ŷŷӷ˽϶Ϊŷӷˣҿôǰʮ
Щ̭״Ҳֻ䣬޷ս
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ΪһȫʤĳɼλܰǰʮѾǺ飬ǰʮҲһЩϣ
ڵӽָ̡۶˭ս֮ǰһ
ʦ룬󣬲ôöԸġ΢Ц˵ڽǰ΢Цһּˡ
˵ţֽеĴ󽣣ɫĴ󽣣⽣ĳ߳һʱȼƵĻ棬ˮһ֮һЩýĹڲ׷׺ˡ
˾ƣҲǵ֮±ȸղǸҲ
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259 
ֽϵĻȳ̶ȣα𾫿Ѿǧ꼶˰ɣ̫̬ˡ
𣬵αȴԣڲα𾫻ϵԪĻα𾫾ͻ˥ֱ
ȻǿαСαĿ죬νǧ꼶α𾫣ǾжϻϵԪ֮󣬸αȻһǧʱ䣡
൱ˣ֪ȵʷҲѡ
ǶӵдԴȺĵ˵ҲǼΪݳ޵Ķɼһǧ꼶α𾫣ҲǼΪ˲顣
˵ʦּ֮ڻʤ
ýҿʮϣ˵ҪʮأȻֱֳʵףڳɸý

ʦ֣һһԭ
̨ϵֳˣһ־ʽֻȼĻֿĽϳǵصֶȥ˾ùǣɻĻ治һĻĻߣһɹɣͬһ㣡
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ǺĵӵȨһӣһҲֵ˽ƷĻǵα𾫡
ԳĻ꣬ɵ糣ʣָɫӣûκηĸоȥͬһҶһۡ
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ˣֵĶֻһһ˲䣬ƺһڿն
Ľļʸײһֻۡһ죬ɢ
ѤõĻͬŭŵһڱ˹ڵ۾Ӧһӳһֱֵ֮ѣ
֮ǽ
ִһϵһԭ޷˵Ҳû뵽ô׾ͱƵˣֻ֮Уһߺˣһǰ˷֮ǽ

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ǸľĽҲò٣ǰʮȵģڵķܿܲľĽֵĶ֡
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֮ϳ״ӣȫ֮ڽ֣һʱ䣬ձƵһ߳
ߴ״ǣϳ֮˳ˮһź
ıʤ
ʦ͡
ʦ㣬Ұ㡣

ַҵ̨ϣȻֻǱپ˿Ӱ졣һذ׵ȹ縡ȹƮƮȻȻ¶һɲʳ˼̻ĳ֮
ĶǾ񣬾ɴһɫȹ紦ӡ
λͬŮվһȻ򣬶Ժܶ˵ʱȶȴѾҪˡ
㲻ҵĶ֡Įؿڵ
֪ҼȻ˵һݶӣͲ״ӽֻᡣȻ̧ͷȻȴʹպʱƣһ׷ǣֱԽ
Ҫ֪ൽж١
ôԸޱ˵һ
ָڳ֮ϣɽˮһ֮


260 У
תص̨֮ϣȴ֮еˣҲޱ
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ڵĹҳԾʵ𶯵һ֣̺ԪʵԪ
ϼص˿֮ͬ
˿ͨȫϸСԪĺƵʣԪ
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￴ڵĹԲ硶һ̶ϣڹȴܴﵽ˿ƵЧӷĹ
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˼ţȴûע⵽һֱѾڶֱſʼ
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뵽ЦҡҡͷҲֲǲ鿴еѡ֣ܱġ
ǰȻ״ӻǽȼ˵Ǻˡ
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¶һЦҾԵģֻ㣬ûϽƺŷǣҲ⡣
Ļʱɫһϲ罪ƵˣˣҲֲһʮڿ㲻ԼʲôݣҲƲң
ÿĿұ׼ͬķϣ飬Ȼôţ˱ңһŲһվ̨ϡ
̨˳ˮڵĵΪƣȻŪһСڵ˵ȻСһһʱ䣬ֱʯ쾪ҲΪ

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ʱԪһҪˣ
תͷȥȴɴľڶʮԶһ˫г֮ɫؿԼЦЦתӭսһƳȴֹϯʮĵӶȭͷͬһϣ֮ɫĿԼ
ûȵΪԼźֻսȭͷҲǲûе
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ڵ׼ãһЦͻȻ˫һ̤棬Žµʯ飬һӰ
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ûϵղӦǿһˣȻѹ׵ľУǿ϶ĲС̫õģһӦûܶࡣҸղҲΪִٷǱǰ׼úܶ࣬óҵĵơ
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̫֡˰ɣżô䵽ȵز
ӶòţӵʱıܶණǧǰϼһȻպüҵԴܱȵƷţһμޣżȴûµִƼ壬Ϊ۵ĴƸ죬շѣ屻ѪϴֻһֵϵСֲƸ˳㾭һǧʱ䣬ȳҶˣǲŻָգݱڵżңżҵĵ̣Сڵĳϣǵļ֡
˵ипһʧȥǵĲƸԴƥʵôȴǵľֻ
ڵżûбɱҲΪϽ˴ĲƸһ峤ˣǼĴԴ뵶йأûеڣȻû˴ǵ⡣
żҶһֱ͵û뵽ڻ˵żʹõżΪѾӵƥǼƸʵ׼Ӱˣżȷʵŵ̫ˡ

˵ʱ򣬽Ҳһֱڹע١
ٿЩ˵ǶʮҲΪõþ˵ˣϻγһ޵İϢĳȣϸоκΰԵơ
豹棬ľ磡֮ǰСˣżҰѼҴѪ˵٣ڻһ˰ɣѪ˵żԴѪɱڳôţܵˣָ
λԽԽ˼ˣǰʮߴ״ӵ£Ⱥ棡
߳ڰ˳С˫Ⱥ֣ǵĶֲһλҲŲ׵ĳɼζǻСģбˡ
֮Ůĳʱ֣˹ڵһ󾪺ЩȴţɳڿУٵػָʵ
ڶֱ
˵ùķ⣬״ӶûֵĶ֣Ժɨķʽ˸Եı
ֱʼʱѾȫָа֮ѹϣִϢƬ̣ȫڤ״̬۾ʱ˷վ˱롣
ţһϳˣһˣȻôͻָˣȵҩǿֻҪϵˣʱȬˣ֪Ķ˭
ţͻȻһĹЦһƤͰ͵ģľһļһ̨һŹֵĿڴݸݵģ·ҲޱȣǹײĹʬڵ¸ˣ˺óһƲ
߸ʬһѪɫûˣ赹˰˱Ѫùڶ˱̬һҲˣǵ˿ڵ߽ʬ״ϣĵ֭Ҫ¹ˡ
Щסˣʬһļһǿڵ״ľĲ򣬷Ҳ״ӣҼǵ״ʮ֮ǰġѵ˵ΪңѾȡѡֵʸ񣿡
뵹ҲȻߴ״ʮУΪӱĹԣΪչ״ӣĸ״ûʵĻȻͻᱻǰ̭ˡ
ʼ
г˵䷽ԸĻԸϽҲԸľĲһʵ̫̬ˣܻɽƻ᲻Ķ֡
ˣһóЩʬɵĿܣƤɵĵߣʬɵĸʬƣֱͷƤ顣
ҪǣڽϵĽɫȫùˣʱһƷ֮һѾԤ뵽ľĲһսҵĽˡ
ڵСһ㲻׼ôľĲЦ˵Ҳ󣬵˵ȴûѷ
ɫһףղȷʵڿҪҪ䣬ľĲһ˵ﻹ䣬ĳͷڹˣôҲ״ӣսһڶֵıǾ̫ˡ
ⲻԼˣһǴڶˣԺڵĵڱŵ֮ǰ̧ͷ
ӲͷƤ˵Ҫսսٷϻ
ٺ٣ǣϧжҪƥǿʵУǴˡľĲ˵һĿڴһ߳֩һĿܴӿڴ˳
һ˸ߣһֻ޴֩룬ȴһŮˣȻĲһ뵽ԷһЩܲϺʬƤ϶ɵģ;÷θ


265 绢ǹ
СӣҪܶԸֻ֩룬ֺη
ľĲŵĻ޺޵ҧһ̫ˣȻĶֻ֣óһڶȼĿԸңȫûҷ
ȻأǷǶľĲʽһ˽⣬Է߿ܣһοԺ۷ΪɵģҲ߿ġ
ǾοܣϲǶ֣óһֻܾ֩ԸԼ̫˷ˡ
֮󡪡ɱӳе̣һĽɫĴзɳֱӽ֩Χ
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͵ػе죬еһ֩ӡҪ֩ɱС
ڿ֩ϵһɲǣһҫ۵Ľ֩ڳڿ֩ΧƾճһεĽɫ֡
磡
ײڽɫϣ·ײڽϵɫֻǾҵĶţеĽɫȫ顣
ǡ֡ϵԪ
סˣɫ֣ǱϵԪǿĽϵԪɵģ˵ϵԪôʵϣӵнϵԪҪϵߺͷϵ߶öࡣ
÷ԾǣϵԪǴһʬƶɵĿϷģҽڷ似һܾȻܹʩչ似
㡭ѵѾﵽˡԪľ磿ôܣ
Īϯϵŷ޵״Ҳɫ䡣
ŷһȭͷʶսˣԪ磡ľĲŰ벽ΪȻﵽԪˣ
ȻޱȣϾȣΪ״ӣǶԿʦĻҲһ˽⡣
ʦǿߵʬʬƿܣֻΪʬǰǿԪ壬Ŀͬʱŵ㣬Ȼǿޱȡ
ǿܱϾǿܣս׾ǿǿԪȴòãսʵ޵úܡ
Ȼڿʦﵽǰ벽Ժ󣬱ﵽֲԪ磬νԪÿܱǰԪԣֹ似
ĿܣЩʬǰʱ٣
ľĲܷ֣֩ȻΪǰŮӼ̳ǰĽԪ
̨ϵķɫ԰ޱȣ벽ȴﵽٰ벽Ԫ磬ľĲǿһֲĿţ
½ľĲҲҪɣ
ԼôôùϵĶǱ̬
ҡ䡣³һѵ˵⼸֣ɣƶδضԸ˵ĿֲԼҲû壬Ӳȥȡˡ
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һڻ䣬ǰǺϻڵŷܰʮõѾǳ̬ˣʱĵһڶͶѾʮ꣬һʧȥ˲ʸ
˵ŷµһǺ飬˭֪ƺϣŷĵһˡ
ðһԪľĲ򣬽ƵĵһҲδõõˡ
֮⣬ʵñȽƲٵĽĴɵģڵŮС
ټһֱ̲٣ɲ
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ϣʲô·ԸĳϹʵ
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ԭ΢һģ̫࣬ҪȫȵˣмȲ뿴ˡ
õģϵĻҵ˼ǰıȷʵЩмԾĽҲ֪
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ٺ٣ǵʤΪֹˣôù
ޣҲ·ͷǱˣһˮƽǾǱɱķݶ
ߣɵưɣͻ޶ߴ״˵ģܸٱȣ֪ѪɱôиͲģܳµڶͲˣ
ٻų֣̂ʮĵѾʼǹսƺ裬Цһֱ˭Ӯ
Ŀ˽һۣǸղչ¶ԪľĲ򣬽ҲܱݵȻҲǷаնԸľĲ򣬵ɽǰȴ沿ɫĽľһ㽣Īˡ
ҪҵˣҿѾ˺üΣҸ͸ұǸżҵѪɱ̫ǿˣѪ˵ƥ˵ҪĵĳɵԪʹʯ쾪֪αĽԤⲻ˭Ӯ
ҡҡͷֻ˵绢ǹ
绢ǹ
ǿǻǿ
٣óǿƹߣҪսɱǧƲɵͽսеĿˡ
ʮʮӷĻУ̨ûд󣬵һʱͳѪ˵óѪɱ
վھٲԶĵطҲǹ֣һǹĽԼǹУʹʹƴɱһ
ǹѪɱ
ǹռ˺ܴƣǹѾѾȣÿһǹÿһʽ̺ɽӴƣǹзҪˡ
ʮվһֱȫ˳ƺܸоѪ˷ɱ磬ͷ·оҪǵصɱѪûˡ
Ҫֱ࣬վ̨ϣͬһ˳ϻĳǹһ㣬һ¶ķƣѣһ
ƺԼƱƵ·Ѫ˱նһ㣬Цڻ䣬Ķ֣Ѿ㹻ֻҲӮ㣬䣡
ô˵д󣬶Ѫɱֻ֮ԪĹ߳ɣӮһսˡ
ѪɱһоԵš
ãɣ
һڿŲʽһ̣ƾͬһȵĴɽһ㣬߲ʡ


266 Ѫɱ
䣡
Ѫ˳죬ϵƶɢˣеŨԪۿɼһȦһȦɢ̨ߵػĻײһ𣬶󱻵
ڹڿ̨֮жһ㵭ĺɫ·ƮѪһ㡣
Ѫɱ޾
ٴһѪʢŨѪȻһʱ·Ѫڿȡ
ٳˣ·Ƭضĵ֮£и
ǵĵѪˣҲǰδеԪעǹУ˿ͬʱǰǹƻ
һǹ̳ŷӿƣǧԪӭѪˡ
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Ԫ֮£Ѫ˻һѪ꣬ͬŵĺ˺Ѫ֮ǹٵĵ޻ڵײһ
ѪһǹѪĻƲɵ
д󾪣û뵽һǹƼ򵥣ʵ̺
ۻ֮ƣ֮пɫںϣ޷ֵĸо
һ̣֪ǿ󣬲Ƿ̫ԵľĲʵ̫ǿԷŻܵ˳ף
ǹѪֱ֮ؿڣ
ǧһ֮ʣƴصնǹϡ

ҵײǹ˲۳£ҧ˳ȥ֮ѾȾѪ
ʲôһǹٵѪɱöԷˣ
̫˰ɣղһǹôúû似û似ʵ似ǻ˵ã
Դ˵٣һɲĸоһܰʮһ䣬һ˵ͬңҵʵ㹻ǰʮҲŵʮǵ֮
͸˵ˣԸǿвˣ
Щ˵ʵĸߵͣ˶֪֮ǰԵıûȫβǿǿԾ
Ϊʵû뵽һپˡ
ϣٺΣˣǸֻĴ̳һǹû似ȻٵѪɱٳżҵȻǰӵľżҵĶϡ
û似٣ˣǹ治֪ں˶ٶ磬ж似ע̨֮ϵˣһ˫۾йģһǹȥô⣬ȻƣҲ̫ףٸղųѪɱɱֻһڶᷭڵڶĻٷƿһʲô
̨֮ϣĿƣȷʵǿҳԾΪʹӮǾʹˣ
䵶Ⱪٽµʯ˳ķ顣
Ѫ˫ɱ𣡣

Ѫ·ȼٵĵϾһɫУѪ˲˸ɾһʱ䣬ķ·ʵʣ֮ǰһǿ
һţһͷŵѪȫڶУȻô࣡
ҵüͷһֻǵڶȻô࣬ôأ
䣡
ȵѪֱۻĵͬ˵̵ĺˮһ㡣
ǵصĵչӰˣͬʱǹͬĶһ
滨
ۣ
һ˲ϰǹÿһǹ̺ں֮Ԫ
ԵĴУѪһ˼ʮԶһֱƵ̨Եɢ
ʽת֮죬ڳڶЩûӦոһǹƿٵĵһҽٴˣתۼĵڶȴٱôԶ
ֻ˵ٵѪɱһһǿǲ༫ôжǿԸ
ʮĵӲΪһѺ
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żҵһ߹Цһ·սڣδܽˣȴһ˼ʮԶ
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ѾӮһ룬еƣҲδؽӵµ
ţӮôżҵƴкôһսҪźӣг˵
ż躹꣬ҪʵʩǵĸˣһζؼƸûκ壬෴ҪľƣƴˣȻԽԽǿߺͶǵļ塣
һҿ˵ŻԪ˫ֽѪ˵߸߾ٹͷŵʢԪͬբĺˮһ򱦵ӿȥ
ĸоڻԪڼ½
ǵؽױһ洢ôԪ
׻ɱʱ򣬿һĵĳԪΪԪ䵽аУаӼֱǸ޵׶ǹйעԪĻò˶ԪͻﵽǹɵļޣһϿ˽Ʒıؽױࡣ
ֲ˵ѪɱֻõؽƷѪ˵ʩչԭԭͨԪɲˡ
ֻǲһĹپȻѪ˵עɶԪ֮ǰģٵԪʣ˲ɶѡ
עһһʤ
ǿһѪɱر
ٴһ屩𣬼ʮɾ룬ȫʧȥ壡
ͫһȻַηٵĵϵһ㷭˾ű
㿪а֮ʵҲɣԵһҪԵУʹ׻׻ɱ
٣óŵơ
һŵơ֮Ѫ
ں֮ɫԪϢ
Ԫ޼᲻ݣʮ㣬ԱɱȻ˵һ𣬵ҪƻȴҪԪܽĥ
بŴڵ̺⾳Ų֮
ڵﲻĲ࣬ΪΪޣȫ֮Ѫȫ
ˣϢԪȴҲôɱġ
𣡡
һֱ֮ѪȫԪһ̣ڴ֮ϵд󾪣һȻɫ
ǡ
˵꣬Ҳעһ˿ȸѪڸղĺоѪΪ֮
ѵǧ˵ѪѪ
ĿٶȸֳӰ֮ǰκһζӵʵȵȣⲻƺǡ
ǹ
еĳǹ죬ż꣡
ǹϵ츳ž
䣡
֮ԪѪɱҵײһԪ˴֮ɫԱ죬ޱȴۡ
ռ·˺ˣҵĺɫѪ죬͵Уȴһɫǹâֱٵؿڡ
ٵı˲̡
ۣ
ؿͬײһɽϣ͵³һѪߵķһ㵹ɳȥ


267 Ԫ
䣡
صײػĻ֮ϣѪȻ˲ˣǳŵ˵ϣڵ
ôܣ
Լһ㾡ɶԪѪɱ˿ֲ籩УǹɱԼɫǹâȻûб飬ѪˣԼһ
ʲôǹâ
ֱ޷ݻƵġ
̫ˣ
̧ͷȴԷɺúõվ̨֮ϣûκεˣٿղѪɱһ˲䣬ǹɫǹâѪ֮˺һӣԵ棬󲿷ֹʣһЩྡྷײϣҲƲɫԪ
Ԫֲ̫ˣûжǿĸоȴǼ᲻ɴݣ
еĹڶˣ㶵Ŀ̨ٵһǿţ̨룬󷨼ӳֵļӲשĩûʣֻһľ޿ӣ
죬⻹һĶԾôڣ۷ĸֶɲôֲƻɣ
ʱƮϸϸѪ˿·ϸһ㡣
ϣġ
޾Ѫ˱֮ǿ͸̨ػĻγѪ˿ʵʻԪԪΣѪ
ĳ϶𾪵˵ˣΪһԽΪļ״ʵѾﵽڣػĻԺΪ׼Ƶģܳܺڸֵĳȫ顣
Ѫ˵ʵʻԪ͸ػĻζĹѾﵽ˺ڸֵˮ׼
һ벽ߣӵкڸֵĹʲô

Ѫɱֲ̫ˣ
ȻֲȴǿĹȻˣ
һǹƿѪˣԵ棬ԼȻһһ
ɫԪȻǿ󣬵ȴǿļ£
ڹ㳡ϣʷ쿴磬΢΢ղľҷӦȫʷ
ӻ俪ʼһֱڣһֱǽڽϵĳɾͣľĲԪ磬翴ֻǵͷѣûʲô̫Ӧ·˾ռˡ
Ǹղţһ򱣳ŴݵȻȴȻɫ䣬ʱһֻץαվʷоȣҲгԾʱ򰡡
Լڵĵ˵ʹԾӣһֵõ飬ڣʷȴⲻȻղŷʲô飬ʷȴԴһ֪
ɣɫԪʲô֪Լȴ֪ܡ
ѱԼļ䣬ҲûйⷽϢɫԪѵһ⣿ǡԪ⾳
뵽ʷһԪ⾳ǾˣԪ⾳ˣ֮٣⾳˵е֮⾳ԪϢ
ǣĿôڶ͹δԪ⾳Ǵ˵е֮⾳
ע⵽ʷĹ۲죬֪ʧ̬΢Ц˵ʷʲôҪ˵أ
ʷ΢΢һЦûʲôֻԳȵ۹׾ӣ񣬾ȻʥŮһ֣ʵڻ氡޹˵ǧϣ
ʷĻһ˿ζȻǲ˵̫ˡɫԪŲûȤȥѯʣϸԼ͹ˡ
ǺǣԵߵ֮ʷöô
ʷɫʱЩѿӴ˻Щƫİɣֻ񣬲Եߵ֮Ӧʰ
ʷȵӰɣοҼʱҲδ뿪ڴϣ˵御ˣʷȴοͱˣ˵һ
ʷһͣȷʵеˣܾ˵ǽŵģҲ޹ô룬츳˾ˣƷŶǶģ˵ô
ϸ룬˵ˣȷʵûҪͿˡ
ʷͻʵڱǸֻǶһССƷ˵һȷʵ̫Ҫˣ֮󣬽Ʒŵôһ˿Щˡ
һ֮һƷƷţЩţʵпܵģֻҪܴﵽ۷壬һЩ£ǿˡ
۷壬ңԶޱȣ͹۷ΪͿȺ֣ﵽ۷壬Ҳôһϣ
̨֮ϣѾѹз궯Ԫ˲ǵѪЦһҡͷ䡣
Լ߳ɶԪ˵ؽƷıǷԪĲһɣ˽Ʒѡ
£ԷܾطԼ̫ˡ
ٸоͷ·һƵɽһ㣬󼰡
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ŲеżҵĶص³һ૵˵ǱԨ֮òԩ
Ȼ˱żҵʵҲȥˣٵһȺڸֵĹȫ
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صʱ򣬺ܶѡֶԾĿ⸴ӣмʵģоηģ˷ܵģ͵ġ
ֱĳͷ֮ʢֱ׷ԪľĲ
Ȼֻ˵ڹɵľĲ൱˵ʵľĲ൱
ڶڿǴﵽԪľĲǿһЩǿֲܴﵽľ磬ľĲʵܿҪƣߴ״еĵһ֡
һ㣬ӶľϾܿˡ
ľĲչֳԪ֮ǰƵֻһһͬǶŵŷȴﵽһģľĲʱҲһġ
ľĲչֳԪ֮轵һһˣƵȴһ壬ŷѾһˣҾȥŷҲ࣬ǺϻڵĵӣҲľĲġ
ֵһҲ˶ںѡУһʮʣѾ൱ˣٵֻһʮѡ

ڹϯϵԺͻȻԪ
û°ɣԺлصղŴѪɱ龰һŷһΪղΪģھ긦ҲΪһŮĵȶ١
ȥľٿԪʯӮģԪʯĻٸһЩͷҰԪʯ㡣
ٿԪʯǼԣҲһʮƽ˼ӮðպܴӮ˵ĻرǧԪʯ
죬ǧԪʯʮƽ𣬼Ԫ˧˵Ҳһʾ޿ˣҪ֪Ԫ˧һĿҲǶʮƽѡ
ţûٿԪʯ
ҪõԪһСĿЩȲ֪ܱ߹ҶԴԼûصһϢ
ҪΪľһЩгϱĵ˽˿ģһǧһԪʯ
˽˵ӵģδ
ǧٿԪʯҲЩϵӼµĻӦõóġ


268 Ԩ֮
ҡ䡭
ֱԵĶֺܸɴѡ䣬ѾȽˣԼ״ӣ֪ҲԵĴһ򣬺ܶӴʶһ״ӵʵǹС
ڻ֮ǰνҲû̫еȤ㲻ȡˡ
ɻʤֵ֮һڽԼùˣһʵǿҲĵӣѹԵƻʤ
ٶȽսƺַʽã֮ǰϵһʵ̫̬
һһҪôʵĶԾҪôԽѡֵĶԾû̫࿴㡣
Ϊֱ޲ĽһȴһȽϾı޶ľĽ֣
һ·ڣȫʤ
ڵ״ӣľĽǿڵĵڶӡ
״Ӻ͵ڶӵĶԾǷľĽ֣
Ȼ״ӣںڣߴսţ˵ľʱޣͶ뵽УɱĻӰ쵽ʵ
ڶУ޸
ľĽ֣Ȼǵڶӣ˼ҳԹǿĿڣľĲǰľĽֵʵҲǿף
ⳡ˶ľ֣޿һľĲֻһһġ
һʼľĽֱó߿ܣʬܣһɲɵĻеܡ
߿ܼй޺ܿ
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֮䣬ѾƵǣ
ڻҶ򲻹οʦ֣·
ۣеֱֻ۳λεĳʬҲתȫԪǶȹ򱻱ǵĻޣ
ѳɱɱ֣֮
ǧһ֮޵ͫһĿĺ⣬ǻɫ
Ԩ֮𣬱
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ֲ˱߿ֱӱɣʬ˲䱻ճ˽̿һ߻еҲȼ˳ɫĻ棡
ͬ޽µ̨ʯשҲڻҽ
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Ȫ죡ֶֻ˵˵һСƿҪԪʯֻΪûǰԨ֮ͱõˣ̫ݳ˰ɣ
Թˣ˭ûиøף˵ʦֵ츳ͬԴָǣܵôֱӱԨ֮Ļˣ
˽Ʒ𾫰Ⱳǲָˣҵα궼ûԺһö˽Ʒ𾫾֪ˡ

ȴУЦŶԻ޵ĸ׻˵ϻѪ
֪˻𾫣֪˽ƷԨ֮
ˣΪĶԨ֮ҿʱ䡣Ȼ˵òЦȻûаֲ˼Ȼʮ⣬ڻһˣȻµһѣǰռһȴ׾٣ôһϣǰ
ԲսΪ˵ɼѾ൱ˡ
˵Ʒ֮Ԫ϶Ȱɣ˵ǽڴϡ
⣬΢¶֮ɫƷеȣǿ⡣
׿̸۷Ϊ˽Ʒ𾫣ⱾҲ˵츳ˣƷ츳ͶٶԴûá
̨֮ϣȼյĻ澹ȻľĽۿǾ߻еѾջ˴롣
Ҫ֪⹹ɿܵǼӲͻľҽж佹һ㣬ȴԨ֮˲ȼ
ڿܵĹǼܣõǿԴ˽Ʒĸ𣬾ҪԵӴҲõȴȴۻ࣬˽Ʒ𾫵ɼһߡ
ζţܶߵıûԪͻᱻԨ֮ۻ
ǰɣҼסˣľĽֽٵĻе˿ܿڴһ˫ͺһ۾ƵĶŻޡһԣһΣһֻ
Ũüһ壬˻ôקΪ˭
ߣľĽһת̨
޻˵ʲôͻȻ̨µľĲЦԼһ˫۾綢סĶһ㡣
ֻӿһɺ⣬תһ룬ԼԨ֮δؾľĲĿܣʲô
ţ޵ĵηľĲӡ
ạ̊́޻ٵľĽ߿ܣʵľĲΪֻ
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Ųгϵ̨˻ȻڵӶе㼵ʵ˼Ͼ츳ҲǿڷķڻΪڵ״սʤǿУȻֵû
ƣһһˣôЩü泩С
ξǸ֮߳ǰľĲ˷ͷֵˣ
٣˽Ʒ𾫣ʦֵʵǣӦѹСģǲ֪ľĲͽƻΣ㲻УҲǱǰ壬ǰ
¶ˡ
ѡ°ͣû뵽óһ˽Ʒôĺ䶯
𾫺ûҪûǴĻǧ˵׵ƷǵؽƷҿȣǲʹˣΪҳҿ˼ɣչֳʵԽǿõԴҲԽ࣡
ţͻȻֵһԽ
͵һȻô˽


269 Խ
Ҳû뵽֮һս֮죬һսڴ˵еĶУϣֵһ
Ϊǿڽʵǰ壬ǰǹ⣬ȴļ£ȽƶԽѷɫ
ڴֵĹУԼԽ
ϳɣһսڴѾãһȫԸսŲһѾ̨֮ϡ
ҲչӰ·˲һ˽ǰʮԶ
еĹڣϢעⳡźǹŵĶԾ
Ժ뽪ƵսȻ뽪սп㣬ΪչֳʵࡣĿǰͷʤһЩǽҲδ¶ĵơ
ʶս˫֣еѡУӴ࣬νӴĸоǿָоʦľ֮ϡ
Ҳ˵˹൱ںڵĸ֡
ʮŶʮͣʦľȴѾһٶˣȲ࣬ɼһߡ
ǰԼͬʦڴ龰пǧû뵽Ǹʱ꣬һʱ䣬ɳʦǿĵز
һеĳһɷ֮վһƵɽһ㣬ɵĽâɨ䡣
ͣ
ĽԼƵɽ˵ĽȻй
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ˣٶȿӰһĻӰ⼸һϸߣ˿ļ϶֮УΡ
Ǹ߶ѹԪٶȿ˾㤣
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Ѫɱȷʵǿľһ̨ѹڵĸ֣
۹ԲԼǹؼԽٶȻԼô
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̫Сȵ״ˣΪһǰڿǽҾͶԸˣǰ壬ѣĴ򷨸Ҳ࣬ѹˣرóٶȣô
Ĺûо춯صĸоȴ쵽˼£ҷƥٵĹˣ벻ʲô취½ĽѵʤҪֹô
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ʱԷĽҲǿ쵽µĴ򷨣ɱ׳Ľֻһǹľ˿嫵Ԫֱӵ׵Ĵ󲿷ֽ⡣
ʵȻԶܱȣµĽ⣬ͻԪԪм֮أ
һ˲䣬Ԫ˴ɫ
ϢԪ籡

ȫкǹâ֮ϣһ˲䣬ֻоһ·һɽϣǹŵԪһɺسȵ𵴣ϢƾĽҲ޷̴

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Ԫ뵽˿УЧõó棬Լ⻹ֻǳں֮Ѫѣӳ֮Ѫȫػǿѹ֮ѪΪʥбһ֡
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⾳һʮĺӾ⾳÷СӵҲ̫˰ɣҲû⾳ɣ
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һҪȽɫö࣡
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ҵľ̫ˣһԪȻ˱仯ҲƮ׽
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֮⾳
ĽӸտʼ۳ߣȻɢ磬Ӱ٣
ȴ۾һ֮⾳
֮⾳ôô


270 ⾳Ծ
֮⾳Ѿܾˣ֮⾳ݱ򶥼顷
顷ĳλǰܹۿĲ󣬱չزʮġǷϵޣν֮ʼ棬ķ֮⾳侳֮߿֪
ûرߣҲԲͣôʱ䣬Ȼֻˡ顷һЩƤëҲܴ½һܹģܶྫзϵԪ߶С
Ĳͬģڷ֮⾳ϵߵףȵĵŬһҲ޷ЩƽŬһҲ޷һ
Ȼڷ֮⾳ϵľܸߣ÷ֻԼڴ֮ǰֻý֮⾳ϣȴ֪֮⾳һڹ
ҵҪ÷֮⾳˵һõһһӡĸ֪С
Ľ·뵽˿Уȫֻн˸

Χķ类Ľˣ˷֮

ˣϯϵ˸о˿зı仯ƺе̨۶ȥ
ôܣ̨ػ󣬽Ԫ͸ģ
ܶӱʾ⣬ʱһڵӰȻǶʲô⾳Ƿ֮ʦѾ˷ͺñվһ߷֮ϸǣַԱԴһ켶ػܹ赲˵ģ
֮Ͳײ͸켶ôΧȵĵӣʮʮĵӣޱȳԾҲ̫̬˰ɣ
⾳󷨣ڵĵӶ⾳Ķֻô򣿡һʮǫʵ
ڵӲмİǵһۣߣΪ⾳ôģ˵̫ңԶˣ˵ʮȵһ⾳ˣҲһֻ֣
󷨿⾳ҲѣֻҪʦҲ⾳⾳оˣ
һֻ֣
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̨ϵķԽԽǿ۵ʱˣͻȻģ
ɱ
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ţ
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ʲô
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Ѫ˼ʮ䶨Ӱʮ
ԻԪ󣬽˴룬ǿУȾȻһ磬Ԫ׽͹ǵ˵ֻƤˣ
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ǽµĵ𣿾Ȼ˷֮⾳мܵľɱǱ̬ĽӮ˭赲ʤĽŲ

̨֮ϣǹ뽪ӣ֮⾳ˣ޼ѰǸţ֮ܽ⾳ͬʱںϵԼĹ֮УԴϽж෬һҾͰˣǿ˹ǽֻᵽ̶ֳȣ̫СȵˣϾǱ곤꣡
ĿƣûɫĻԪ̫ǿˣƺҲˣ治֪ʲôƣԪôģ
ûãֻýֱӹˣ
Ųһ֮⾳
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УһΣѡֱý
ʧȥ˽Ĺ죬Ĺ࣬߶Ԫһǹɢ˽Ĺ
ȻȻˣɣں˷֮⾳Ľ޷ɢ۵ǹ޷նϷ磡
˼սһ𣬽ԽԽ죬ȴԽԽ
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⡭ѵǡ
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ܣ
ĻĴݵڳڵĶУйڣһƬ͡


271 ͵ʦ
һɫղһ˲䣬ó˷֮⾳ģķ֮⾳ߣƴ˷֮Դһ㣡
ôܣ
䳡ѻȸʱӵȻ
ȻҲ֮⾳ô
֮ǰΧ˽͹֮⾳жѵȽڵӸо޷ʵȶʮµһ⾳˲һֻ֣ҶʮšʮԺģʮ꣬ǳʮ˭ָ˷֮⾳ѵʦͨ
㻹˵ʮӲ֮⾳ôΧʮüĸо֮ǰмһԴ˶˵ĿǱһͨһڻˣȻ֮ǰҲ֮⾳ʲô֪ûУֻܱ˼Ҵꡣ
ڣڿԻˡ
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˵ԭû֮⾳ǿʩչ֮⾳ģֶ˵Ҳǰ¶
ԣ԰ҪȻôôûսһӽϲ֮⾳
һӵͻ룬ӭ˺ܶͬĿУ֮⾳ȻӣԽܵ˵һ²͸㶨ˣʲô
ӿȽڵӿЦһҲȥˣΪ֮⾳ǴײôԾͳԣ
ȴУ϶Щһʱܲ˵ĸоŵûôŵġ
⾳ȻҲˣûʲôģ
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һǹ⾳⡢Ĵͬʱȡþ˳ɼͬʱΪͬж⣬иƷ֮Ԫ϶ȣ͹ΪףϹѪ
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֮ǰԽǵصĽʱֻԪ
ڣ˷֮⾳ļӳ֣ǹȴñȽĽ٣

̶̵ļʱ䣬ͽ֪жٴΣǹײٶȾȻû·磡
ΧķҲʼĺɷȥ
ϵĳԽԽľԭͿڷ֮⾳Ϻܸߣڷ֣ȴǵ͹ڳսУķ֮⾳ԽԽ죬ѾԶǽܹˡ
޷ôģڴϸпһǧٽǹϽٶȣķ֮⾳˼顣
ôáսвϵĽûз֣ģʽ
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ľһԽڷУͬǹڷС
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䣡
ӲһιʮԶһǵѪ˿еĳ˵䡣
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ʤ
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Ĵɵģƿ˻𾫵Ļޣˣܷ赲ʤĽŲ
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оһݣȴֻҪƵĽ쵽һ磬һֲǷ֮⾳⾳Լͻ䣡
⣬׻ɱ׻ɱΪ𾫵ƣñǿ̫࣬Ĵ󣬷ʵá
һ̫С״ˣԽƵʣŵƷӦҲǲˣң곤꣡


272 ʱ
صԼλϣĬĬĿߵĽ˵Ҳ뽣ڣ⣬ԺܻܿΪڵһӣһһˣ
ܡ
ƵӦ
㲻ģתͷ򽪱ƣƺӶԷ۾ѰҵЩʲô
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λãԴһзչǱģҲǽڰĵһţڴ֮ǰںͽڼڲϧһд۵㣬˵Ļ
˵ʵһٸУʮŸֵģȵԴ޵ġ
ЦˣҵԴΪһĶԴѳģ
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ƵһߣһָõŵԴô֮ľ³ˣˣдɼһͣŵֻеĽṩԴοȲһƷţԴֱȵù˭ȵù˵Ǳȵùȸɽ
ڣǶţʵȺڣڵĸ֣˲ʵЩǱȥĺһӶֻǺѣǲ̤죬ȵǽ󣬸ȵģ֣ڵʱһͬеţ
ҶţǾʹȻˣ޷ӱĻǻʲô
ҵĿȷǾ׷󽣵ļ£Ҳҵľ֣ǡǡ෴µûҵĶ֣һھܴ½ľųߣô׷ĽŲҾͻΪʱ֮һ
䣬һµƣҲ΢΢ѾǳˣǶԽƣ£ȴһֱһʦ֣νķڷ
˵ʦ˵ûһǿĶ֣Խ˵֮õ飡

ͽһս󣬱ʱ֣ûֵùעĽ֡
ֵ峡ٶԷ˾תȴٵѪɱ˺ѣٶȰܱ
ҲǺް취ھǴսģٵĹȫѡжһģֱһ̨Ѫɱرǰľתһ
ڰֵٶԽ
۹ȻҪȻǿӲҲûã
Ľ۳һϸߣԪ߶ѹһ˲䷢ʮܼ֯
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Ľͬһ㣬ÿζٵԪͲԪĻᡣ
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ͣ
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̾һ𵶣ٴȴҲû˼ˣѾԼӣȥֻȡˡ
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ͲһȼģòԩżҳҲֻ̾ڽֵʱоǿһȣʵ̫ˣԷĵƶƲ
Ȼǽǿߴú޻֮
ڰֵʮƶԿڵڶľĽ֣һı˵ľĽѾʧ߿ܣеĿȱҲûΪľĽаֿӮơ
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ʤ
ʱڳڶǵһ
˵ľĽս˲٣ôҲǿڵĵڶӣڿɲڣǵĵڶӱںڵ״й֮޲
һľĽ޵һսͿԿˣľĽֽ޴ú޻֮ҪǻͻȻóȻľĽʤ
ǿľĽ֣ԽʱȴԷĽƲʵ̫ˡ
̫ǿˣսڣûأֻýָѾɨһж֣
ڱǿţǽһɫĵӣʵѾˣ׿Ʋ̸ǽ츳͸ϵϽ״ӡһ߸״У罪ӽһսͿˣ˼֮⾳ûþӮˣ
ûֻΪ̫ǿǽҿαǰȵģпܽǰ

̨ʱľĲЦԼ
ƺľĲ򣬺ڻĶţϽʵŷȫ˱ȥˡ
ƣ͵úܣҵҪĽܲصʱþͻ˿ڵĵڶӣ˿ڵӣľĲΪˬ
Цز˶ˣ㻹ǱˣһԼȽϺãЩпܻỵ
ٺ٣ΪǸһûãľĲЦһƣһսԸ㻹еƣȫֵʸûУ
ֻЦЦ˵ﵽԪľĲȷʵһǿУȴظов

ھֵһСľĲ
СĻСЦվ̨ʱڶΪһҵսҲ˽˻ῴľĲʵ뷨û뵽ǣʼ󣬻СȻһЦܸɴ˵䣡
ȫȻҲߴ״ķľĲԵشһľĲչ¶Ԫ硣
Сȷǿܶ࣬ȴ˿״ӵ棬һֱ䡣
ΪһʵıˣЩʧǵʧܿ͹ȥˣΪһıʼˡ
ھֵģ
һֱһʮֵ͵ţҲ࣬ڵĵӲ෴ǹʽ죬ѶԸ
ΪҲܵ͵ֻ֪ССͣѾĴɣʵǶ٣ȴû
ͬһ֪ȴĴɵ塣
ں۷ʱ쵤쾳磬ΪĲһһ
߱ɽĹȣʮʱ䣬Žɣ
ԭһʦٵϵʮֳڣ̫ˣ̤죬Ǽˣȴʮʱģһȣ֮˾㤣


273 
ĵĽ֣ڳڷĿȵߴ״ֻŮӡĺͻС
С磬ûӵĻС׿ԼĸܻӭȵѾΪˡ
ڵģָ̡
ľ̨֮ϣһϮ£ΪĴɣ˵ʡݵȡ±ϵĳ٣һӣٱ˿У·һʯ̨ϡ
ڶĵĻ纣һţȻֻǸپ˿Ӱ졣
˹ָ̡һʱ߶Ԫ壬ڵĹֶΣ֪٣СΪ
ŲʼʮָһɽˮһӴ˳ᣬȻȴеһ˿˿Ԫ̺̨
ȻԼģҲƾŹֵüǵãһսʱֻز˼ңϵ־ͬ˵Ĳһ㱬ȴһԪûɢھ֪ôġ
Ůǵֻ֮ΪԵ͵ԵڲŻ᲻ɽˮ
ǹ£һǹֱָ̳ؿڡ
ԪХϢ֮ۺ˿֮ӣʹ⿴ͨһǹѵֵǽڴˣҪҲҪһֽš
ָһתСָһңȻ֣һʸһײǹ֮ϣ
֨
ֻоһɸƵʵԪǹУԪҵĶײһ
߶̺ǿ֮ײ֮󣬴̶ļХһ㣡
ػĻΧΪĵӲòס˶䣬ɫ԰׵ȥ
ţһҵһǹ
΢΢һʱǹ̺ԪȻûбɢ֮ѾˣһǹȥҲӵ֮ǰĹٴ̡
ֻǵһȻԼĹַֻҪȽݵö࣡
Ȼȴһ㣬ΪʵȽǿΪ̺ŵ𶯡
˿֮ͬ
ʵǿ𶯣йעԪԪȻһ𶯣𶯵ƵʿĸߵͶı䡣
ҵԪû䣬˿ȴĵ֮
ĵɢϢԪȴԵԪ𶯣ľܴ˿вȱʧĲ֣ͨ򡶷ȭ˿չüΪ
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ڳڿһʱƴǣĵ֧ƴĺΪļֹʤ
ĶԹϯϷӵţղŶݵĽ֣Ҳ΢΢㵣Դ͸ƻʣĵʱףǿĸ߽ޣֻһԽ׻ɱ
ڣһĳǹڣȻûɢԷԪֻǿ˶ԷĹѣ޹ֽϡ
ˮһһϷֱ
ʣʱѾˣ
һεĹҲǴֲԪҵļƺһѪһ󷭹
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Ԫ壬ͨԪֻ֣Ҫһͻᱻ飡
ԪʱҲιٶͻᱬ飬ʱҪֱĵ
ȻǿǿҲ߽ޣ߽ޱ¶¶飬ȥԪĽ֪
ü΢һȻµĽԷķǿó
ʮָƣһХȫʵĹ
һĻѡŷƤ΢ڵĹֶʮֹ죬ą֮̊́ģҲͷޱȣʣܣһ̺ǿĹеĻ·Ҫˡ
ҵҪӦԣ
ʱŷ֪ȵĳҲڴϿڴӦԣȻǵһڵĶ֣ղĵĹ᲻κηӦˡ
ڴ֮УһЦݣҲĵʦ⼸꣬ͷ̫ʢȫǹ״ӣΪڽĵһšŲ٣ĺγеţֻΪĹģΪ֪ˣʮĴɣʷ϶ָ

Ϫˮʯͷ̣Ѿ̹һڶٴγԿ
ǿ͸֮У֮⾳
ϾҪͨݣ֪Уͨ紫ϢƿסЩڿеɱ
Ϯһ˲䣬ˣ滨
˷֮⾳ǹ֮ǰٶһ׼ȷĴ̳Ƭ
ţ
һֱעĳǣĿж¶˲ŵɫʣΪߣֻܲϧ۵Է룬ⲫһ嵽ߣͻӮˣϾߺƽսġ
Զ߶ԹһζصĻǵģΪԲĹ켣
ۿ̨֮ϣÿһǹ׼ȷĻһһ©ڳ˶Ŀࡣ
ЩڵŮӣһ˵ı飬жǿȻҲһɱĵߣģҲ̫ȣƫƫԷûн˼һζĵֵĵĹ
Ǽô꣬ûпڵӵսӣѵ
ʣô׽ĵĹģһϲ˼ʵ
֮⾳ʷ컺ؿڣҪͨݣ֮ͨ⾳׽ÿһٵӦҪһ㣬ҪǿΪڳеУһģֻˡ
ʷ˵ò㽪Ҳû£ȻҲ֮ͨ⾳̫ˣ޷쵽У֪ɶ
ԣҲ֪ʲôȻܵΪʲô嵽ĵ߽սһ΢΢ҡͷǵһߣټսǷȱû뵽һ㡣
ʷĬȷʵᣬ˶ΪսǷȱʹˣһ˲뵽÷֮⾳ƽͿ˵⡣
ĻᣬȻд㣬ֻǲ֪Ĵʲô


274 

һ˫ֺץңȻ˺ѡ
˵ͬͬһʱȥЩǵĹǱ˴֮ǰϵг񣬿໥ţԷγɻָӵı仯ڰ˵֮вϱ任ɱ̺Уʣ
Ĺλϻ״ʹã֮ǰĶֻ֣üԴܡ

ڵŮǿʩչһУһɫڵѹ׾ѧĹеĺĹ
ĹȻԵѧϰʵǵ츳ǿѧϰҲǰװ˷ʱ䣬粻ѧ
ʦһżѰõĹ֮ǿޱȣ񿴵ʩչһŮǵɴ۾˫Ψִһϸڡ
ǿĺε츳ʩչǿûóҲͰˣһóǺɨһС
ˣˡڵɫأС̫ѶԸˣȻܿ͸Ĺ켣仯ˣԼʱ򣬲֪׷˶ٸ֡
Ѿ÷߳ɻҿСôţ¶Ц⡣
ʱһƬѾ֮ͨ⾳ܵǱеİɱ
Ȼޱȣʽƶû뿪һ硱ֻ֣Ҫ벻Ĵݣ֮ͨ⾳յֱ仯
һ̣۾ĹӾѾʧȥ壬ãΪʱ򣬹Ѿˡ
ڿĸ£˲ͽ˿ڤҵ״̬ǿ嫵צһɢ
ʱѾжУʧȥķţ֪˿ֲĳ̶ȣΧһ˿һϢƿ֮С
˵һ˿©ı׽
һ
Ƶʣͳͬˡ
ڶ
ƵԿ죬ͬ

΢Բ֮
ĵ
ǿңֲɽ

ڰ˵
ǿңƵʼ죬ͬƿէƣ̱档
˵ͬ˴֮໥ײ񣬷䣬仯
ƵʵĲͬǿȵĲͬ
һʱ䣬ͻȻԭ̺ķ
˲ǹ̳
ÿһǹ̺ŲͬƵʣͬǿȵԪ˵һһӦ
ۣ
ͬһʱ䣬֮а˴죬ÿһǳ΢·񻨷Ƶһ㡣
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Χ߾㵵ĳͣЩ˽ŮһŵɫֻǴĵĻǲԾϾˡ
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˵仯ˣǹżзֵĹôƽġ
Ӧҵģٵɫ䣬ֱվ
ܣ
εֻ֪ͨƽ˷ȴ֪ƽ̣̿
̳İǹÿһǹ̺Ԫͬ˵Ӧ
֪ʲôַһԪõһһ˵Ƶ죬ֱĵƾʧƵġ
Сӣһ˲϶ӦʲôǵһôָһڵĺĹôܣо޷ʵڵһʮһȥֱһ㡣
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ʧ̬ʷ컺ʵ
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ʷ΢΢һЦȻ˽ɵҲܲµھʲôСӣ̫ʧ̬ӿǲװ
ԽԽ˼ˡ
̨֮ϣʧȥյƵı飬йעԪû˭ղŷʲô
Ԫ𶯣̳ǰǹÿһǹ̺ԪǿȺƵʶͬ໥
ôһģ
ĵĽë΢΢ȥ٣쵽һ룬ȴ;ͣ˫۽յվԭأΧһжȻδ·ĳ״̬

ͻȻ͸ĳַ򣬺ܿܽ״̶̵̬ļʮϢʱڣΪ⾳򶼿ܵõͻͽ
һּ״̬죬磬δһζ
Ļ״̬˽⣬ΪҲһλԵɺ֮£Ĺ֮ģҹͻȻ˶״̬֮Ĵɣ
ʮĴɣʷ϶ָҲò
״̬ʱطһϵĻ״̬Ҳֹ
ԥһ£ջ֣صȴĶ
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˴εĶԴڶ𶯷⣬ֻ𶯵һ֣ıԴ
ڵӾͨɣҲֻǾͨɶѣ𶯵ϣԶ
˿Ͼ˳ʱ䣬ѾĴ𶯵ıԴҲν⾳ովķȻ
ãǳƿغԪǿȺƵʣһ˲˷ֱʧԲŻײ󷢳˵Ƶ죬ͻһײ̶
ԭˣƵͬ𶯷ȫ෴ʱ𶯾ͻȫΡ
ôƵͬ𶯷Ҳͬʱ𶯾ͻӣøǿ
ţڵԪһ֮зֻţÿһԪһΪǧɱһɣ

Ȼ˫ۣһʱз·׵
ʮϢʱĶ״̬һ̨ףԪҲ͹۷Ϊȫʼ
ȫ׵ʱ򣬾ѾڻԵɺ֮ȫֻͨΪǧĸ룬֮ͨǱԪʹͻڵĻᵼ¸ȡ
ûǿͻƣȵ͹ڵԪ۵ȻԷ뾭֮УΪʵ
ΪԪѹ徭԰ڵˣûע⵽ľʵѹͨ
ڣԪ磬ֻҪһϵʱͿԹ̾磬ʽ̤ڣ
СӡͻˣʷһɷͬСɣʮߣ˵ҲǷëǣ
ͻƣߣֻԪﵽ˶͹磬͹ǺڻһСƿҪͨУĻô죿ڵƲƲ죬Ϸ漣Խ࣬Խˬ


275 ͻ
ͻƣߣֻԪﵽ˶͹磬͹ǺڻһСƿҪͨУĻô죿ڵƲƲ죬Ϸ漣Խ࣬Խˬ
͹ڵڵƿÿ߶޷ҪԣõῨʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ôʱ䣬Ҳζ֮·սᡣ
˵ƿȻ⣬Ҫͻƣ󼸸£СʱҲΪ
һֱʱܵ˵µʱѾˡ
ڵʱͼʵðˣڵķ
ʷӣûнӻҲôƿƿֻǸղһ˲䣬оԪ뾭ƣܿͱӲĶסˡ
СӣĿɲСһ·ͻƣԪȻͻƵģʵȻķѵʱҲࡣ
ȣҲֻٲŻôֻᵢʱ䣬òʧֻƽ۽磬ܿɹ
ʷƿҲ赲Сʱ䣬ʮʱͻȵģʮڣǺǣɼƷҲ㲻ˡ
ֻǡѡرҧ˲֣֪ڵĽƴﵽڲʮ£ڵ£ʮ˸£Ҳ̫ࡣ
ƺȻҲǲġʷ֪̫żӣֲҲ˳˵ˡ
ĵطٶȣʮ͹۷壬ҲƷе츳ˮ׼㲻öĵطԣ츳֮Ԫ϶ȣԪʡ
лл֡
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ʲôǱ˶״̬Ӱ˶ԹĸΪǲʧء
ĵԩ޳Ȼȶ񶾵飬ȻѾ˶ôǵıи˽ˡ
ţã
һеǹʱҲеϣ֤˿

һԪ˷ܵţ΢΢Ĳ
˫
Ȼһңþ˫طХһУ״ʵսʹá
һ˫طĺܶԪԵĶһƴ߳壬ٸʱԪЩ岻ߵģ˫طһԻܡ
է죬ϯ֮֮Х֮֮
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ֳֹǹǹβЩȣȻһǹĶ㲻Ҳû뵽һ¡
㲻㣿
Ȼ㲻αȥ㣿ĻָƵı飬Ժâĳǹ۾ûգһ¡
ڵһģҲƽսһֽˣʵ޷Ϊսʹá
ǹ̾ٹȣˡ
ĳһյĳٱôҲֽ䣬ʱ̱ڻ뽣ڱ֮ͬΪԼٵĸ
ʤ
Ųеڳ̲ס׷׸̫̾ǿˣĴɵҲˣ˽ơľĲŷˣ棡
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һ¡Թϯϵ֣Ԫ˵˹ϵԽԽʶѾټĳƺΪСˡ
ţõġ
ܸ˵˹ʤ⣬ÿսչָһµģϵ
ʵϣĺͽĶԾûȡѹԵʤȻչֳЩͷһ·ŷͥĳ̶ȡ
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ھֽ֮ʱ䣬һʱϢʱ䣬õҪһʱͬʱ͹ڵԪҲڲϵ磬ּƹǶĸо
Ԫǿѹֻоͣ޲̾ͻڡ
ҪЩ죬֪Ҫʲô
ͻڣƽ˵ʱͻھı׷󣬶ڣֻǸʮ꣬ѾߵһԪͻƣ浽һ죬ѾȫƽˣΪʶǧţʵڲʲô
ͻڣסˣ㡭ľѾͨˣ
š
ͷ˷ʱ䣬ݵʱȻ̣ҲԣҸݼţȥңֻǲ¸ͿʼתԪ
ڿļӳ£ܿڤҵ״̬ƾΧңȴ˿Ӱ죬Ԫӹͻƣ翪բĺˮһӿ뾭֮УԴԴ
Сӡѵڹ㳡֮ϣʷһֱעۼߵһƫƧĽ䣬ʼתԪȻһԪƹǶ뾭ͻڣ
ڣôͻˡô˵ľ͹ͨˣֻһֱѹԪ͹粻ͻƣ
ʷεһ۾Ϳ
һƵʱüΪѿղŻԲܾʹͻڣ㹦ȻͿʼͻƣֱڴ
ʮڣǼΨһһ˵ƷţҲǶˣڴҲޱȾȡ
Сӣǰ;
нСڣȿҪӭһʢˡ
ΧϷ׷ۣǶԽߣɫԽѿ
ʱʷͻȻһԣСӺǡһ⣡


276 辳
⣿
ʷһ仰ڳ϶д󾪣ϸȷʵǽһ״̬ΧһжܶκӰ죬״̬伮ĸ⼫ΪǺϡ
ֶ߱츳ûȫûйϵܿܳһͨϣһϲϡ
ſͨɸѡķʽȴУһڶУûһӵ⡣
Ȼ⡭һ˹ʺˣðˣϸҧһ˫ۣؿһѾһ仰Ҳ˵ˣʮͻȻðһСӣİͽ˵ڵĺĹ
һȻսͻˣչֳ⣬ݺݵشоȫŵĳУһĸôܵˡ
ʷûķӦֻЩĵĿһۣ鼫Ϊìܣһϣӳɫһֵ˵ˣνǻûʧ
Ц֪ͨȫڶ͹ǵƿҲû뵽ôͻơ
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ˡһǲΪЩֲܹĲ࣬ͻҲֻǸոͻƣʵȽޡ
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֮ϣд裬Ԫ裬֮Ŷݼףǣֱȭ죬Ѵأһ׽ٽȫһ»ǳ
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һֱԪƹǽҲֻô΢һ˿Ԫ˹֮С
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ƷҩҪ༫Ʒܱ֮ܳΪƷҩ쵤вУ
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ոͻƣΪδ̣ʵûӶ١˵ţƳϯϵĽƣԷЦЦԶԶĵһͷǴк
Ҳ΢ЦĵƣĿͬһ㣬·˿͸ˣǲ˽ҵʵǴ²²⵽ҵʵȴţ֮ǰ̫Сˡ
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ıʽʼֹڣȫʤֻʣޡľĲŷˣսеļΪңֵײƵƵ罪ľ֣׷׳ɳꪡ
ʮֵ峡СԻޣСʽ׳ʣȻֻȴ߶ȫԪٻ𾫹ͷء
˽ƷĻ𾫣ڻΧγһеĻȫԨ֮ƿ
һƽСʽЧջǰˡ
ڷһ󾪺ڵӣ˷ܼ
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ǵȻǴʦֿǽȫʤѡ֮һҲĸ˶˭ľĲͲ˵ˣԱ̬ģŷҲڼģǴʦʵǲ˽Ʒ֣˭赲
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˵²һԵŮ˲ˣʲô˼ʦҪһ̬Ҳȫʤڣǵ˼ʦ㲻ˡ
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ڵӼһɫԣְҵŵ׽ǾһŮЩڵĻ𹤵ǳڴǶٵĻУһԿôһŮվӾ൱ǿң̲סʼ̿ˮˡ
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һתͷһ۹ϯϵŮǣϴһ˿ʾЦݡ

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ٵѪ˵ĵ׻ɢĵʵооͲ֪ôú
ţľĽֶԽҲûʲôĽ̫ˣоͷֳʤֱָľĽֵʺʼս֮⾳ûãʵһԾδù֮⾳
ʮ֣ڶģ֪ʵķ޽ƾԨ֮޷ֵףޱʵޣƾԨ֮𹥻̫һ仯㣬ױԣȻǰ㣬һ˳ǹֱӿԨ֮ûٷ
սʤʮ֣ѹսʤ˻ڵĻССûһ˻ӰϤƣ
ǱΪһԲΪȵľ˫ŮʵĲ࣬û뵽ˡ
ܶ˲룬Ĳô䡣
һʵ˷ܶ˾ãûľĲ̫࣬ôһ߿ܾһ
սʣǰĻΪľĲŷͽˣǽġǰϣǰٺͻȫ̭
̫½ֻʣһ죬ֻʮʱһԻ


279 һ
ҹңԡ
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ĵҩҲɱĴڵ֮󣬻Ҫʣ̶ΪһΪĹ̡
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Щ죬Եö̺ḻԪˣƽʱǽԡŨԪУڻ˴Ԫֳһű鵤ֻڹһ飬ԪǣԴԴϵ֮С
Ϊڲ֪š
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һʱĵĴ߶Ԫһһѭ
Ϊһߣ֮ѪĽϸӽܣڲ߶ԪҲһ֮ɫԪͬԴɰһʢڶԵеʱֳԪǿƽʱʱԪƺҲǱĬ壬ľøӼͣΪܽʵ
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̫ǿˣ˭ӮĶӮôɣŷǾͲǽƵĶ֣
ȫԸŷ²оͻˣ
ǰľĲǲˣұΪľĲﵽԪܹѹһͷڿܱƳƵĵƾͲˡ

۷׷ףҲǳԾѡ
ϵýƾһͬڲϵĸȣھ֮ǰǶһƯںϵıɽչ¶ڱǰֻǱɽһǶѡ
֮Ǽ̫ҪĶԾһıŷ
һڴѾõĶԾһһڻŷһǱڻĺⳡν˷롣


280 ʵԾ
ŷһ·ĸֺ٣ֻзľĽֺͻСˣŷȫѹƻʤûչʲôʵ
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ŷһ·ûʲô谭ʤνһ·նͷڽľĲŷС
Ųʼϯ˲ĺͿŷĲռһ롣
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ŷǰʮԶֳһǹֱţͦΣΪ壬÷ɿ죬ʮֻĸŷһѡ
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һһߴӶ͹۷ͻʵô࣬ȴһߣڱͻƣΪʵǡÿһͻ֮󣬴ԪҪͬ߸
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ͬŽһܼ죬ٸȫԪ˹Ƿۣ


283 ս
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һһԪӿľں󱬷ǹϵľֱӱըѳƬ
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ܳ׻ɱһܣʱùǰһʦĿĿޣÿһܣʦһ֡
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ʱľĲѾһļ׿֮Уֻֻ˸𻤼׵Ľɫֱ¶棬һŹֵ֧ŵ棬һֻ޴ļ׿ǳ档
ٺ٣Ҵǿܡ꣬ĻײԵֵԪĴ͸ԪܹŹ֣Դ͸𻤼ˣڣԳȴôֻҪҶ棬Ѿڲ֮أ
ľĲЦţ̽һ³ĻףľĲ˵ڳ껤֮УƺһŤԪ
ڵܿ࣡ȻȫԭȴԲ²⣬һֽڷĶһССĿڣȻҲǿĴУǲСκһСš
û뵽ǶսľĲҪƳʽôԽֻΣ


284 аVS
ȴ֮ϣʷɫ΢䣬ꡭû뵽ľĲѾʹô
ΪȹʷԿڵһЩ˽⣬һķܣڿܻ̺֮Ԫһָڷ֮⾳֮ϵķ֮
Ԫ»ɬе޷ǿڵĲ֮أԪԪһ𣬲ΪߴС
ԪѶȣԪй֮޲ʷû뵽ľĲССͣȻͬʱ˿ߴУ
ʵǿĵһţȽڽڵĵλһ㣡
ʷתڴеĿڴϣģŽʬ¶һĨΪѿЦݣȻǶľĲΪ⡣
ʷĿ⣬ڴϺٺЦֻԪһƤëǿܹʹͼĳѣٺ٣ȻһƤëҪӮ±ȴѾ´ˡ
ڴϵĻţȷҲŵɣԪųƿװ׵ľԷֻҪڳУľĲѾڲ֮أľĲһߺ۷ƳɵĿܣ߿һǰľĲʹùһΣʱսѾʮ־ˣֹһ꣬ظǿ
ԪټӺ۷ֵĿܣ߽ϣĪ˵ҲӮľĲ
޹ľĲţȷʵŵʱ
ʷ뵽ﲻƳһ۽ڴϣȴɫأȻҲЩĽƺľĲ֮ĶԾˡ
̨֮ϣľܱɱ֮ڳеľĲַųһµĿܣοܣʺɫսףȼƵĻ棬ӢǷȥͬԡĻս
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һŲڵ棬שȻֱۻɢԪ֮ǰľǿ֪ٱ
ǻа񣡿ڽ濹Ļа̺ǵĽʬɵĿܣǺ۷ĸ֣
һǰҿаʱǿʱϻûսףҲûôȡ
ΧĹ̲סԪȻһպյĺ۷ִȻһЩ
ľĲô
ԭԺ۷ֵʬΪĿܡĿһᱻľĲѡܲϵĺ۷֣ǵ֮ҲһģǿǾԲʮͨ۷ܹġ
Ƴɿ֮󣬰ľĲΪʵȻ٣ҲôöԸģټһڳеľĲ򣬻ֻӵǣľܺ֩ܣ߽ϣһһ壬û㣬Ҳûǵʮ幥ɱϵ
ǽƣս״̬µľĲҲɫأͻͽľĲҲˣԼӵľĲҲ⣡
տڵߴУټһǰ룬ʵִߵĻаҺ뿴
ĿƵų£ѾʲôϣˣľĲһһεչ¶ǿһ棬ڵһҲΪ
ĬĬעŻа
ԪϵعעаУš꣡һ죬һ۵ɫģֻ糤̣ƿһɫȦצˣ
аг˯һµ飬գ
Ȼ̺ޱȿ񱩵֮Ǵ濴˿ĵط֮ȫ߶ѹڸڲû˿硣
֣ҲԲϵĸɵģΪһʵʵڵ룬Ǹߵȼ׵ı־׵绯Ρ
ڱԴһµģȼգͻữ߶ѹܻͬʵʵ
νԪΣ׵绯ζˣ
ˣڳ˳û˭ע⵽ͻȻֵɫ룬ʷҲ⣬ʷȫע̽飬ܷĲͬѰô뵽óһ̺ž춯ص
ó˰׵飡ǧǰ֪ңҲע⵽һССĶ
翴룬гԾѣ׵֮Ѿѹ˿ֲĳ̶ȣһؽƷ顣
ʱ̨֮ϣȫľĲЦܱƳҵȫʵ԰ǿһ


֩³˿ſͷųֱ֮壬˲ɱױȵٶȡ
ͬʱаӱһȼյĻ޽޽֣ͬˮһ·ȼˡ
ֲ˳֮£ػĻ΢΢ֻನƣɼľĲһǿ
йڶɴ۾ס˺һѾᵽɤֻСֽһ
ôǿһôľĲĺ֮Խ֪ˣ˵ڻ䲻ɱˣһأʲôǻһ
ʶЩѾ߳˺ˮ
ʱаˣеĻ޽ֱռ·˺ˣֻʣĺɫ裡
һ̣г϶ȫԪתʮ־裬׼ʱ־䳡ϣǲɹʧ
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Ѿ͸˻棬ÿһ˿ƿС
Ԩ֮ǿĻ֮ȻûлƿأǿŸα֧ţ˼飬һɾŸα𾫣ȴ˴˲ͻǿܲӵеô
ûл֧ŵĻ֮ױаӿƣͲ壬ȫԪӿĹע֮Уָһ
꣡
һߴֵɫֱ죬·֮һ׽٣и߶ѹ֮ȫˣһʱ裡
֮֮һּΪ㲻ĿٿأҲ׻ɱĿͱը
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ȫܱյĿռзֲıըػĻ˲ҵͣǵһƸڹĻ֮Уػһˣ
ԤϣŲһ㣬չٵˣа֧֮£߶ѹԪ鲼ȫػҪ
Ǻ۷Ļаܣʶڱըģſֲйֱӱըսױ飬ѣ
ʲô
ôܣ
ڳڣǴϵĳϣƽˣаһĻǴʧɫǱΪľĲóǿĿܻаϵ֮ѾӮ˴룬û뵽һ֮£ޱȵĻаͱˣ


285 Ʋɵ
ըйʵ̫ǿദѣ첲϶˲̶ͬȵˣ⻹ΪԻԪǿҲǿԲſĹ
ľĲķҪǿö࣬ȻڳУȴҪǱУ˴һƷˣصײ̨ıԵˤһ˷Ľųڹ꣬еˡ
̨룬ֲıըϲŸո޺ǫ̃שȫ˺ѣаѣ
߿ܣҲǱը飬βͶѣ֩ܣȶ
̨һаˣ
޷ţһǰۼľĲ֣ʱĻаͲܱȵ丮ĸˣһ֮а϶˺ɫսףǿ˺ܶ࣬ȻһоͰˡӦ˵ֱӱϵˡ
̫ˣػĻըˣ⻹ô
õʲôǵ֮ô
ڳ˶Ϊڱըһ˲䣬Ȼоޱǿ֮ôֵһɫֱʣֻҪ۾Ϲüֻȴ޷ͷŵ֮ôֲƻ
ʱ׵̧֮ͷȥе˸·ձһ㡣
ʣǸղǳĵɵģ֮֮УõĴƲ֮䣬׵ǿ˾̾
ľĲŴһʯзһ˫е۾ŵĿ촽ڳ鶯
ܣôܻôǿĹ
ǡ
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궼ˣ
ľĲһԪǷȼĴУȻҲûܵһ
ǺεȿֲʽǺ۷еٮٮҲ˰ɣ
ܷĹСһóĳԲ̫εģҵԪûбƣĹľĲţ԰
ϵôܣ˻аұض㸶ۣ
ľĲҧгݣǷһ˿ݺÿһ߿ܶԿʦ˵Ϊ֩ܺ;٣а񱨷ϣˣһʧľĲĶڵѪ
Ҫעʱ侫ҪѵõĲϣЩܣľĲʧǻаľĲķ˴ѪʹۣڱñϣֱǶһ
ץľĲ޲ýǧС
ʱľĲƤһָһһɫĸģת
ţ
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ľĲţеηУץľĲȫעֻҪöѸײڶ֮ƽ䣡
ڴ֮ϣʷ쿴ٶȳʱֱӴվ⡭ǣ
Ƿ֮ˣһóʱûйע⣬һΣ̽һո쵽Եͱѹ̶ֲȵ֮ˣ
ôᡭȻܵҵ̽飿ʷд󾪣ΪôᱻһóСС뵯֪ôǿ֮ѵǸ׵绯ɵ׵壡
ʷ̽飬ʱָһ˦ѾХŷ˳ȥ
ľĲٴУԤе򵥣еȫǶ˽ƷҾĿܷ̣ԪͨΪı
ļѴ۴ʱ֣ľĲͲŵһССĸ룬ҲʮƽѣôŪƷԼı
ƣľĲһֻֻűһ룡
شÿһǧٱȫɱĶײ˶ʵɲ⣬Ҳûһŷ
ȻľĲļͬʱʱʼδһĻˣ
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ڳڶʱһƬͣô
ӦһʱͻȻ𣬡Сıըನ
Ϊǰ̨ػѾ飬ʧȥ˹Ļıɫıըźĵą̂г
һٽĵӾƴ߶ԪֵನǿɶߣǼˣȴҲϹನײѪ顣
Ϊ͹ڵˡ
ֲ̫ˣԪನԸжǿ
ѡٻӵһԪನܵпЦһЦһΪԼȻʵŲǰ۹ȴھȫóѪɱǿѪɱرҲ޷֮ȡ
ըನȥϯһƬңǴʱвһ뷨еľĲ򾿾ôˣ
һʱ䣬Ƿ׷תͷȥȴʱľĲѾ˴һʯǽ֮Уʯһˡ
һĻǵĺ᲻ݺݵĳ鶯һ£ôֲײгǹǳҲܰ˸ɢ˰ɣ
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һʯľĲʯ˳ò˵ķʮǿĵڶι֮£ȻҲûб飬ֶֻƶѡ
ǣǿȴססײ֮ľľĲʱദսôλˡ
ǡ
һЩƬ䣬ԪѾ᧿Σ
ľĲǳ׺ˣǰֱһַ̬˵ĹȻܹ
Ȼڶι˺ܶ࣬Ҳܱȵһˮƽĺ۷ȫһ
ٴȥ³Ҫ군ˣĻľĲսͻή͵͹ȣʧҲò
ľĲ˫ĿĶĿƺ޲ýˣֻҧ䣡
ʦԶսγ幥ϵͨкܴƣȱҲԣǾһ٣޲ǳ鷳һߣԵЧҩͺˡ
ľĲȻˡ
ֲȻܰľĲƵһزҿƸʹ򲻹
ҲýûʲôϣˣҲ͸ľĲһˮƽɡ
һȵһĴȣյ֪ʱҾӮˣֻʮԪʯҲưˣ


286 Ļ
ܶ˰ûڵʱûʤϯϵޣչֳʵʱǾ;ýӮľĲչֳԪԪʱ־ľĲӮ
ڣľĲɵˣת֧ˡ
ʱһĵսû˭Ҳ˵δӮƣ
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һ˵˷׷׾
֮䣬໥ƣľĲĿٶȶ죬˵һõİӡ
ǽƲͬ
Ľ쵽£쵽££
һľĲȫͬ͵ĸ֣һƺһα˷ˡ
۵ʱҲڼԼ뽪ƵսһȶԼʮģǵڣһֱûܼʶƵʵҲ֪ŵʱʲô
ϧڻС׻ϣԽƾͻ׶ˡ
аеĻ𾫣Ȼǰǿ˲٣ȴûʲôʵǿͽ׵˽Ʒ
ͨЩӶԻ𾫵ıټһЩϵѼܽ˲پ顣
һߵĻ𾫣Ͻƽ̵Ĳʥڻ޵Ԩ֮𣬵ȼǶģԶ޷
ѼϡҲֻǻû𾫱ͬǿˣʱ䡣
ͺñһԹùǹԣȷʵøǿ׳ǹôǿ׳ҲԶɻ
Ǹ߽׵Ļȴͬؽ׻𾫣һʼ黢ջõʱ򣬲ȻԹǻվǻÿι⣬ɳҲǹܹԸ˵ġ
ڵĻ𾫣Ҳһģȴһ·ĳɳʵɱ䣬ȴԱ仢ֲ
ʱ䣬ֻɻ𾫡
ʣµģǶĻϵϡȸ֮Ҳֻͬһӻ𾫵û
Ϊһ㣬ǧʥƭȸ֮󲿷ֻţûʹá
˼뽪Ƶսʱڹ㳡֮Уλȳע۷׷ס
ղŵıȶǵ̫ˡ
ʷ죬мҲע⵽Ǹ룬ǲʵɵĶ
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ϣĪΪöСԼģЦһȻǲмڽϵ˵һڵСӣŵ㣬ҲɴҪޱԪԼ֮Ԫ϶ȣܽᴿϵԪѹ츳ˣԪҲԲ䣬ֱӿڴҰλø
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΢΢һЦڣǼпܼ뽣ڣǹͽ֮ͨȻЩˣתԪĹȴͨãҽڵԴҲḻġ
Ļھͻнơˣ뵽ϵЦݸʢź˵㲻Լģʹһ켶ԪҲǼΪ˲õ顣
ðˣ޷ײ˵õĳλֵĴУԵȻһʱͻͽǹһʱ䣬ǾȻˡ
䳰ȷʱͻȻĲ廰Եܴ½֪ж٣Ȼܵõǵȴ޼ȱĲ͵ʶ
ôģԶ͹ΪֱɽѨõԪʯ̥һеġ
Ҳǧ꼫Ϊĵطܴ½Ĵܼǿȴ޼츳ԶԶҪԡʶͼ͵֮ġ
λȻһ˵̲˵ˣʷЦԲ˵ǣԵֻ׼ˣÿһݻԵջӦΣգûԵֻһ֮䡣
ڼλ۵ʱ̨ϵսѾ˺üˡ
޶٣ĸջǻ޵Ļ𾫸ʤһƵٵѪɱùǷ׷׾̾Ԩֲ֮ˣͷų繥Ԩ֮Եϱڻʽˡ
֮ľĽ֡
ʧȥ˽ķѾʮһеˣȻľĽҲǿ٣֮ǰһսУһյ߿ܣʵ
ڿνѵܣһɱ֮ľĽּѵĻʤһʤ춨ľĽֵʮĳɼֻʮһˡ
ڶʮ֣ٶԻСǸ٣ȻȴϣڻСĻ֮£λ۾һڴգСܡ
һڰ˺͵ھŻҲˣЯѪ˵μڻ٣ֻõ˵ھţɼżҳԤϵĲֻ࣬˵ڻľ̫ˡ
ڵڶʮֽ֮󣬲ʱġơľĲŷ֮ıӺ죬վɽС
Ϊ֮佻ƺƴҪ޸̨ػͬʱˣľĲĿ٣Ӱ˵սȥԷӳǿʵľ
νʮһУûнֵֻʣһǾǽƣ
Ҳľս
ʱ䣬רŰһڵ֮ϵľС
ۣ֮ǵصԪ籡ڣԪŨط˹Ǿ͸رˡ
ͬʱԵķʳҲǶˣЩʳ̺ԪҪϻ¥ʳеĸӾһٷļֵҪһԪʯϣɻƽǾʮһٷԵʮƽ̫ӸһĿԼٷûˣǰֱ޷
ʳѹӦȻǳ˶ӳԣѹôԴԵİá
ûһֱڷдڿ֧֮£鵤ҩʳеԪһ˿©գڵΪӹ̡
ʱȻȥһҹ˫ۣһ˲䣬һ
սһ죬ֻһǾǶսơ


287 ˫
峿ոշǰףȱ
ΪֻʣȼʱʮֿԣԵһƳٵʱſʼ
ˣʱѾ洦ɼܼӰǰ㳡ȥˡ
ʱ䣬ܾ⣬ĶˣڶݶӣݶӵĶԾԼһʼڶɱֱȶ
յõһʮŵΣɭʮɼҲѾ൱ˡ
˹һɱǰ٣νǴ⡣
ϲʵ̫ˣľĲѾõһһڣͿԵõһö쵤
쾳ߵ׷󣬼Ե뵽ܹ̤ҲǼޱȣ
Ҳ֮ܿ·ľͷˣں۷ĸУٮٮߣȼ磬̤ͨˣҲǱⳬԽһˡ
ȻˣҲûʲôģܴ½֪ж߱ƿϣһҲ޷ͻƣա
Ϲ㳡ʱ򣬷һųЦеԼߣһԷֻվţΧƺγһʵĽ⣬նһС
ĸ֣
һȣĸҲǷëǣöڵûܴﵽ
ϵЦݴһ׺Ϸ·ʵʵγԱȡ
ǰһ
ȥ⽣̨ңϷ޼
޼һȻǽ
ıߣǶԴʱ˵罪޼ȴҪϹϾĴڡ
ǡӦĲµ޼ʲôȻܾܾ
ʱһˬʵЦ޼㲻
ʱ·Զǵ˺ȴѾڶ߻죬תͷһֻһɫ۵ĿӴݵ˹ʮɳĵǰ㳡Ǽ·Ϳˣ··һ㡣

Ƥ΢Ҳ֪ȵжĸ֣ȻҲһǷ˹ʵۼ˶Ҫսսģȷе˵˽ʵ۸ûʸ
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ϻ˵ŹЦĿɿڴǰһΪʵںѽһϵϻڱһţҲȻˡ
ô㲻ȤûʲôӦϻЩֱ֣ڻȡƵġ
˵ллλĺ⣬¹شһûá
˹ϰףҲ˸ö̸ˣ˵ŮûǲܵģֻǺϻڵĹƷ̫ͣΪŮ˾ȥʲôϻ񹦡
Ҳǣ£ȻҪǵģпȥҺϻ׼˼㡣ϻ˵ţ¶һ˶ЦݣǼνʲô֪ˡ
ʱЦá
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ŵüԵʱ򣬱ѾʼˣĲѡֻġơľĲŷˡ
ѾעΪ˴ڻǰ
ϳľĲѾµĿܣ𻵵Ŀ޸һ飬ľĲó˱ÿȻǲ֮ǰˡ
ˣʵҲǿ˳ԾһսľĲɻʤΪĵƲԪ
֮ŷսĹΪȻǲŷܡ
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ǰѺɫڽ֮Уʷ·ĳֺɫʯɵģŹޱȡ
ѽʱ˹ڵļȤԴҲǼΪעĸоѽ򵥡
Ϊһͣһ·սڵһγ֤ʵĿ£һѽù˷Ī
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ܰɣȵĽ޵ǵֽ˫ͳƲ᱾ĩġ
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ʼȴûжǱɫĽֻལĽͬһкŷͷųױ׷顣
ֵĽƣѾȫˣŷһսһ浹սʮϢ֮ڣսŷ䡣
ƽལջؽϻǱڽȴûж
ѽ֣ȴֻһѣ
ûΪƽϻзŵĵڶѽֻǰ裬϶żΪֲ֮ûΪŷˡ
Ӧò˫ֻѽڶѽӦҪһЩʽʹá
΢΢ʱЩԹĸоԷţȻŵʱ
ڳڶԽƵĵڶѽ˺棬ڴǱϣľĲϣȻȴʧˡ
ڲƶսľĲ֮󣬽ȴܾս
ƣΪβսľĲһŸʬһȫŤһҪѿжѿ
Ҳʤ֮ѣа񱻷ϣҲ״̬ѾҵĶ֡ƻϻƽ˵
ľĲҧɭɭݣٺٵЦţԭڿң벻ľĲһ䵽ⲽأ
Ȼк޵˼㣬ȴòϣڵ״̬ǽƵĶ֡
Ƶ˵棬ڵҳھʸûУʲôʱΪָ۷״̬ңһսӮ
ǣľĲһսãŷĵöʣ¾һھĽ𡪡Խƣ


288 ۷֮ս
⽫ͽƵĶԾ˶۷״̬һսʼ֮ǰͣϢʱֱ緹ʱ
ʵʱ򣬺ܶѾû˼緹ˣǸɴڹϯϵţ˷ܵŽĶԾ
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ЩʱڻһĻǷԲʮŶԾ
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Ʒ˲ŵķƷȻƣҲƷʼѹƷŵԭ֮һǿԽǿԽ
㲻ȵӣ񽪱ģСȳ󣬸ȣ뿪
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ȻҪŵĽвĵ쵤Ҳֱӷõ۷ˡʷ쵱ϵ˵
ʻĳЩ㶡
˵͵ˡ
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һ쵤һؽױһǿߣֵã˵ˣ˵ҪΪ˲˿ҲҪ֧СĴۣһƷó⳥Ҫʮϵ쵤һƷԪʯС
̷Žôǲ
ǣȥ졣ϸˡ

ٸϲ˹Ĵͷ
ֹǴͷֱǾ춯أʷˡ
ڹϯϣڹĸ׷أ˵ƯʵﶼʵҪðˡ
˭õһʦҲõһ쵤ĽʦȻˣ
ǿ쵤ųʮţƽһ겻ʮţȥߴڵ״Ӻ͵ڶӣټһЩϵֵܷķݶٵÿܶкܴ죬ȴֻΪȱ쵤òں۷塣
ҲСˣõڶ쵤ĻԽԽãȴĹʺˡ
һ̤죬ųϣǵݣһСرģ
뵽ԺܿܳΪųˣЩ˲òֺá
ʱոջعֻԼ·һ㣬ЦⶼԼֻǸմ˹ѡ
һ۹⼫õĲˣڿľ츳֮ϧó˹丮һЩأǱ
ʱֻǴڻϴʵ˼ûܽǰʮֱ츳ϵչ֣ȶڻʶͷ
ڵʱͷǺεȷҪ֪ڻôδйʮʶ½ǰ嶼ûй뷨ҪǱȵĵ֪ˣҪЦ
Ȼû뵽ԶԶĵ͹һβμڻ䣬һٶڣĶľĲͽƣһȵĶš
ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôȺҵ˻޹ӡ
˱ȭЦ֮ǰԼùص飬㿴ǲǿԽͶӣҿг̡
˵֮ǰĴԹĻȴ򲻸ˣεݣ˵С˶ܳΪһܳΪһССĻ޹ܹġ
Ӳļһȿ޻ѿЦݣ˵ٸ˵ЦˣСֵʲôʱпնһ޹ʱ򡣡
̶̵һ仰ûԼͷҧˣҲֻܵͷЦֺùϵ֮ʲôء

ʮϽϽݺʮʮϺϺ֮УһƬԴһĵ죬ĺһƬΪɵ쾰ɫ¥鲼ɵϿз
ҪѰɵڣ⵺ȴͬ¥һ㣬ֻܿüȥѰʱȴҲҲˡ
ɵǶƷ˵ڵء
ƮѩĶ˵ȴˮﻨ㡣
ǧոսһµıչأ֮Ѫϸĵرȸ˽
һʵҲﵽڣʥѪԳΪǧһİˡ
ʱǧյİＫ޴
ϸڻʼĩҸۡ
ǧһ¶Ȼ֮ɫû뵽ôߡ
ֻҪ䣬سսͬǿߣ
ǧһ֮츳²Լ٣
СһǡǧͻȻЦˣΣ˲žԲܷŹ˵ֵ֮ʡ
뵽ǧȸԴ˵ȥһȡ
ʱոɽһµʹ࣬öǧô˵һ˫۾תת˼
ǧЦֻ񣬲һаʮﶼԳҪɵĲʮ
һҪʮʱ˰Ȼ鰧ܵ÷ǧ꣬Ըվӣһεӡ
ǧкЦתһ룬ȻǵǰԵĿôǾҪȥǿ꣬ԺԳԸˡ
Ȼ˽ԻڣԺ˵Ծ׷ˣǧһ˵۾ʱųȲҪˡ
ǧЦԷǣɵȴ֪ÿԵȥɿĻܹ˵ˡ

峿ȡ
ţھͿԷ쵤͵ؽױõִ´ϢзǳȣƷڻһĽ˵쵤Ҫͻƺ۷ʱŻᷢû뵽ھ͸쵤ȼҩͿԳȥһ´辳ˣ
뵽Ǿϼص֮ϣŶݼ׺͵ǵľ磬ӿ졣
ţǵģʦھͿԸȥ丮ıѡһֵĵؽױظѾڵˡִ¹˵


293 ҳ
ȱ壬ںڵĵսһͿȻȵĵλȴǾأÿֵԴñȽںͺϻٶ١
ȵõıоųɳ֣֮Щ󣬾鷨󣬻ɽʲôģ򶼳֮֡
ߴ֮໥ĹϵҲȻڲìأȴһ΢ƽһֱά֮õԭ
֮һɫĳѾˣڵųΪڣ䣬ⱲӴﵽĿ㣬սҲǿбȽϵײһҲȥЩս似һ˼ϣ˾ִıǳ
ԶԶЦʦֶϷ򹧺ʱˡ
ȿνֿȣȻϣȴҲҪٰ㹧š
Ϻá
Լ񾴣Ҳ˵ʦֶҴѡһֵĵؽƷֻҪ㿴ϵģ
˽ƷѾˣҪڵʦܴ죬ȱС֮мУҲֻŹ˲̻Ūһѡ
ؽƷıҪڣڵʦܴ죬źܸߵʧʣȱҲ࣬еٮٮߣżҵѪ˵Ϊ֮ۺ졣
˵գֽȡһεԿװ˱Ե֮Уֻ¡¡¡Ĵ໺Ļ
Ŵſ¶һĿռ䣬һɱ֮֮Ǹ߼žˣĺɱ
ʦֶ뿴ʲô
ǹԥ˵սԷıҲ˽ƷͬжһؽױҲԶ
սУǹѾԵЩƣˣ뽪һս󣬼Ԫǹϻ˲ٽۡ
պǿĶ֣˵ǹᱻֱնϡ
ãһŵıܣߵһ֮ǰŤתش򿪴ţһʮɼĿռ䡣
ʮŹӵıܣŸʽĳǹڻǹˣɭɭǹͷɱΧ¶Ȼ˼ȡ
ˡ˵
Ȼô౦ǹһ߰Ҳ⣬ռãõֻһ
ٸ˱ǹгж̣дϸӲǹеǹ෱ޱȡ
һ·ȴʧЩǹƷһЩ˽Ʒ˽Ʒֻһűܣڵؽ׵ıǹֻȵ˶ѡ
˼˵ΪûǹڣʦٴǹǹŵӽɻģһӣؽƷǹֻˣ˵ʵǹڵؽƷУƷǱȽϵײˡ
ǹƷʻǵؽױеײģǹóһȻӲǹǹûеԣ޷ܡ
Ӳǹǹϵƣ˿ҲҪеǹϲŸ׷ӳ
Զǹӣ˵ʦֶʵи顭ʦֶףת޽нڣ뽣ڵĻĹֳɵģұҲѡ
ĻпЦáΪһؽױƷŵĹת޽
ѡǹΪɲһʱϰĹ׹ʺǹϷӡ
ٶȡȻʺ
οֻ֮绢ǹ˵ģڱ֮УǹİԵƣǿǺϡ
һ£˵ϣṩϵĻܷڵǰΪҴһ˵ؽױǹ
ţʲôϣЩɣؽױҪĲ϶Ǽֵǣֻƽõĳô
ǹ˵Ĳϡһ˱ǹѵľǹˣǹ˵Ĳϳˣǹⲻ⡣
˵ǹ˲ȻǴɽѨõϵ
ϵ񣬾ʮ񣬾Ű񣬾ǧ
ԪſУɽһ굽ʵĵطʯһ
ɽҵһŰĳɫ񣬶Ѩҵĸĳ
ѾŰ꣬ǾζųǾǧŰ꣬ɽͬ٣
ϵ㹻ĵԣԸǲ˵ŰѾˣǧŰĳڸֶԴݻ١
һӣǹ˵ļƷϣһϵߣԷϵҲǺϡ
ǹ˵Ĳϣ΢΢һ̶˵һǹĺûҪǹͷ֣ǹǹˣ˵ʵҲǲģûҪ´죬һ˵뺮û𾫼۵ʹžŰʮһ죬ǿߣĸֶѻٵ
˵ĲӲǹĺûҪǹͷǹĺûȴ˷ֿǹˣһǹûеԣҪġ
ҪؽƷĵǹЦãΪһʦһ˵ؽƷǹѶȣ˵һĳҲ϶Ҳ
ؽƷǹĲϣôûأֻڵ伮￴ܡ
ֽ׳յҪҪһĶĶȥˣݳȻֻÿĵĽ͵ʦֶ㲻ʦ֪ؽƷĵǹжѴ죬ֶżҵǰѪ˵ҪҲûֲϵġ
ϣҸ˵еġ
ʲôϣٶͳ𣿡˵ֲϣֲ϶ǹļƷϣؽױԶ
Ȼ츳죬ǱʶﻹΪԷСطģڼСһƽʮ꺢ӣܶԵؽױжٸģΪóһЩΪĲϾΪܴؽױˡ
ԥһ£øҲûʲôȵĵͷϣԷֻҪûͲʲôٲƺĴ
ʱǰͻȻһ⣬һŴһľȻһ̴㳡˵ʥʹ
˵ôˣﷸֹȻνʥʹʲôˣʦֶȲˣȥȥ˵ʥʹ
˵ʥʹ΢΢һʥһòǡ
׻׻յȰʦܣһ˵ǹôףʷΪѼϣ˭أʦһѣǹĴʦȴȵļǼְģô죿
һλһǰԼٺãҲǰ״Ǻã
ˣ˵᲻ʦĻЧضúܶɡ



294 
ʵںҪһ˺ǹԽһսһֱѹŴһֱϵ˽ƷȲԼʱ򣬲Ųòľս
йȻٶԭ򣬵һԭҲǹĲ㣬޷ӳԪȫ뽪Ƶĺھһȣر
ϵһ˵ؽƷǹʵ˲һأ֮ҲõٶϽƣҲսôˡ
ٹ죬ҪȥһϽȡʥ𾫣ܴϵıǹǱ绢ʮþˡ
ţѾִ壬µ񱳣ɽȥ֮ϣǲеġ
˵ʦֶʦȻɾԶԶȲ㣬ô꣬ϾڵģǹǴ󣬵ǹ֮٣ȴȱȽǣΪλˣ֤ǹƶ࣬ûɵӵġʱһੲݣʵȰοķʽֶĹģùϵ
кЦҲûлӦʲô˾һ·ߵǰ㳡
ʱڹ㳡֮ϣѾв˾ۼɨһֽۣơľĲŷġԼڻǰˡ
ҪôţȴֳϻвŲȵӵˣȴ֪Ϊ
ߡ֡
һгڣڳʮ˵ĿʱˢˢͶļʸһ㡣
΢΢һͣô£

ܽƵ㣿ֻͣʮ߰ɡ
䲻ֵ֣ôֻڵΪڸʲôһڵСӣڹŪ飿
ڳĶʮУ˴ʶ˶ԪƽҲͷʢţʵӹɣȴȻһڵСӣǻǲˣʲôС

һĴһ˵
ǡ
˵˽ǰɣܺãҲҵĶˣλ֮㵽ɽɽţҪս㣡˵ţеĵ棬һʮӡ
Ｋһĳģôȥ¶͸¶һɡɵ
ʱƴǰ׷ɽʮ꣬ȥȥ׷Լս΢Ӯңʵǣ֪ɽѾҵĶ֣սҵĽʲôǽҲûȥ׷˷ʱ䡣
ˡ˽ƵĻƵԣһ˭Щӱضţһس˲ͷͨԪͨȴȫӮսֻҸ֣ܹģЩ֪ԼˣûаȤ
ֵɽ㲻̫ǿЩһЩҲɵģǵʵǳǿ
˵죬֣Ҳ˵ǸƷһеĵһˡ
ڳʮЩѾʮһ꣬ʮģȻ罪ƣΪƣʵȴȽǿ
һΪѾڵۣ˵ǰɣǿȸɽƽ˵ǻǱңҶȤҺڴĳɳ֮ҲʸҵĶ֣ʱȥȸɽһս
ƽĻżȵţȷʵŵʱƽʮһ꣬ΪѾڣڳΪߵһ
ƽɽ˵֮ȺԼսŵ֮ҲǸĬģֻвϵĽдŻнһЩԺõĵӣÿһսõ
ǡԼսûʲôֵģƵΪʲô˶Լˣѵô
ʱЦŴЩΪʲôǰɣģ˵һļƻ˵ǽʮŸƷŵŵӷΪ졢ءȼ˵͸
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˼ŶмˣЩƷŵţһǰʮ㣬˭Ҳ˭Ȼƽʤ֣Լʤ˽ƣЩˣΪЩڽµĸжǿ
˭ǿ˭ǵöһܼ
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ŶͬںĵӵĴв죬Ԫʵ˵ΪʲôҪļƻûкôɣⲻԼҵҵĺӣ
ҡͷҲ˵ټŵĳϹ֮󣬾һ̸ֱʲô·˰ɡ
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㡭ɽʱһͻȻڹ㳡Ͽգ֮ϣ˶ʮ֣۾һʮУȻȵĹ͸һЩȵĲͬӦþʮŸƷŵĳˡ
ôƷźĵӺͳȣļƻΪ£
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΢΢һͣŮǧ꣬ΪѾĲµδ⡣
ֻǵϽɭеʱǧϿһЩͨŮеԣڵǧ꣬ȴͬʥŮ߹޷֮С
ߵŵӣвѾˣҲ޹˲ãǧ겻òޣ¸ȻȻ¶һɲʳ˼̻ĳ֮ټ߸ϵݣΪۣ֮ĸ߹
ЩŵĺĵȻ츳ˣϾΪߣֲ֮ļᶨ罪ǰ㽣гɵģԺܶ˼ǧĵһʱһʧ񣬲󲿷ֻܺܿ
ϻڵŷľǡϻ񹦡ʵΪˡ
⻹ǰԼսɽҲһĳ֮ɫ뵽ѡΪ켶žܳʱס˵ɽһıס˵Ļ쿴˼ˣ


295 켶
ǧ䶨֮ǰƷŵĳϺǧĲ࣬ͬȹĲ࣬˴֮һ޴ĺ蹵
Ͼǧ겻ʮͻ̤ǰ;Щ˶ֹ죬֮ͻġ
ǧɨһ̨µţĿֹͣΪݵһ˲䣬ɨӶޱֳκ
ǧϲŷ׷̨µ̲ס׷ײ²⣬ôƣټôҪﵽˣļƻΪ£
ЩȻʶǧ꣬Ҳ֪Է˵ļΪҪܿδ̳һġ֮ڣֻ˵һƷţ˵˵ܴ½֮һףǧλ֮󣬿֪
ʱΪʷߵ̨ǰ̨¸źĵ˵վۼλʦֶˣҪһ飬ħ۳ǣ
ħ۳ǣ
ڳ˵ЩİȴҲǲ֪ŵĵ伮Уйħ۳ǵļء
һǧǰʥؼţҲǶƷš
ܴ½ʥĿָ
ʥغͨƷŵҪǣʥҪһԷĴܡƷţһĴܣΪʥء
Եǧţʥءʥؼ֮ãħ۳ȴһ⡣
λħ۳ǵڤħһ;˲Ըһһ߽ݾǴ󷨣󷨣Ůɲ֮ħ
ڤΪħˣɱͯͯŮͬʱ°ʳڵŮɲŭ
Գ书£Ⱦָһλܴ½ߵŮһŭڣܴ½ϳ֣һɱħͷħ۳߽֮⡣
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ڤһλܴ½ĻҲԱ˳ŵû¸Ը£Ϻħһֱ
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ϺħǿƷŵļʵ˵Ϊǿһ˵ųΣ
֮ǰǧ֮ȣ˹۲֮⣬ҲҪ̽ȡȸɽ⼸Ʒŵ˼ܲһͬϺħ򣬴ݺĵҲ
ǧĵȴֱӽֱ̽ʵʩھҪ˵ʮŸƷţһͬԿϺħ򣬵Ȼ˵ҲḶ㹻ĳļƻ˵Ļ֮һ
ʷԼĽǰʽϣΪϵϺħвʮƷ˵ͬ۹ãźһҪƻҲҽҪĵڶ¡
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ȣŷȸɽġܹ⡭
ڳĵֻжʮϵĺܶΪʱԭûܸϹЩʮѾ֪ԼΪƻѡˣŵƷŵĸһЩڣѾвֱӱͼ˽ȥ
еֵĺܶһʧ֮ɫЩǸоԶûȹƾʲôͰԼΪһȥ
׷ڵɽŵսȭͷԼ츳оţµ˵鲻λûȷ츳͵ȼ˽УǾԩˡ
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뵽˵ͬҲɽЩˬղһ䡰ԲûȤɽӣڻ
ɽʶս˫ȭȻƲңſɣһ֪ģ
ʷѶؽһʮˣֱȣơľĲ򣻿ȸɽƽϹȣܣš
ʷֵʱڳ˶ԺˣؽŶʮˣ
ܹһˣ˽ʮˣؽ׵ĶʮˣһʮˣѵʮһˣȵؽŻĸ
뵽ﲻ˼ΪŵĿԺܴˣЩûֵģǼţԼѡˣʤȵĽƣȸɽƽ
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ֻѡʮˣѡҲû˵ѡʮһˣôҲѡҪǲѡҵĻҾ͵վұѡŵս
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ʷֱûɽ֣ɽ׷ġ
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⼸ˣ˵ܱѡΪŵġ
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ûüȥ˻˭ʷ֡׷ڣɽ
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Щ˶ʱ͸еΪ
δƷ˶ƽʱٸŽ֣ԲŻȱϣаģû˭䣿ƵȷӮ˼ˣǾһӮԼôǸʲôľĲģĸУû
˵һлһţȶûȹƾʲô϶츳ˣ


296 Ҳ
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ʷ컰ϣüͳ˵ʲô⣿
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ʷ츳˵Ӻһ˵ϸݽս͸ڻĳɼģ
Ҳ˵ƾԼ˵ˣȶûбȹµĽʧƫİɣ
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ɽ˵ʲôһǲǵľѡ񲻲μӴ˴κƻ˵ǵԴ˭ô붼˵Ȩֲָֻšòƽ˳
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ʱʷ˵Ҽֻһˡȣ
ʷ⻰˵ֻоΧĿһĿʱۼԼϣһ㺮ʮ㣬˽ơĵ˾Ȼ⣬ƺ޲ýԼˡ
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ſܵͬ˵ĵӵĴ˵˵ĺĵƽʱõĶƷԪʯһƷԪʯֵһٿͨĴԪʯףҲԲƷԪʯֱǮ
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뵽Ⱥȫϣɽ޵۾ðˣʷĻǽɽļ֮Ƶ˼㡣
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ؽţÿ»ٿƷԪʯƷԪʯﵽں󣬿ɻ쵤ö
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⼸˶ɽһΪؽ׺ˣƽʱ񣬺ٲμսǸиĵƣԼʵ͵оţûн֮ǰ˭Ҳ˭
ЩѡؽĶʮˣƽʱΪμӹսжԼĽ俴ƽλȸɽĵһţ˶ûȻҲˡ
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ǰǿ˳ɼ㹻Ļܷţһü˵
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˵ҪЩСţЩ˷˵ûбıҪ
׼ܾЩˣʱǧ꿪ڣǽףֻҪ߲ͨ߱㡣
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ֻ֪ҪŶܴ߲𣿡üʻ䣬һ˫۾ȴɵζǳԡ
ʳڣǴ߲ǾԲš
ʵȷʵûа߲ͨ㣬ܴ½ͨõ߱ʱʥزͬ
λǰսϵЩؽźţֻҪ˭ʵ߾֤˭츳ãûɣ
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ʵҲ˵ܶŲϲ¶ǵĵƺʵʵֻݱжϣ׼ȷ
ңҲ߿ˣʮŸҲֻŵˮƽһΨһţнơľĲ˳ΪؽţΪؽ׺򲹣ȸɽй֮޲
ֻΪ翴һȵڲڻ͸ôۣҲǵڻûƾʲô϶ǲ磿
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ʱľĲͻȻЦСӣۼҸ棬ܴӮۼң˵СֵϼУô
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ңҪս֮ǰĵüվ˵ʮͣսһ
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üһ۽ƣ˵ͷȻУȶԽҲһ
ֳ̨ɵģľĲɽȿʼ
ľĲٺһЦһĿڴһȼܻĿܱӿڴ˳
һĻüëһʮʱ䣬аȻ޺ˣǿڵĳ˰ɡ


297 ֮
ЩŵĳҲľĲСðģ
ǵõϢ˴ڻ䣬λеһƴǵڶˣǫ̂ʬһе
ĵӳս׷ڵϯɽ
׷ڳصĺһȻǰ׷ʮʮ֮󣬵ҲôʵȾȻǵĵӶϯӣ̫Ʋˡ
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˵Ҳð׷ڳϴΪ⣬һʮ߸ؽţȸɽڵ󶥼Ʒžռʮ߸û˵ʣµʮֱȶ԰ȥֻʣ°˸ʮŷ֣׷ھȻһûֵɽֻŵ˵ؽ׺򲹡
ǿһֻȵӲμӵıϵжϣð׷ڳܷ
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۷ľĲǵ֮һһˣĪԪΪһָڷ֮⾳֮ϵķ֮Ҳǿؼ֮һɲ˵
ľĲȫһսҲһھԷа񹥻޵Уоܵǣж㶼㲻ľĲ幥ϵֻϧǿҲûãҵĻҲûʮɵİӮ
ĳ˵ľĲսʽܿٶͽƣ̬ƷɫľĲŻɵӮľĲȴ뽪Ʋá
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ǿļǵľĲڿ֮ǰɽ˵ĻۼҸ棬ܴӮۼң˵СֵϼС
νġСӡȻ
ܴӮ˵ϼС
ľĲ˼ǣǿҲֻǿϼжѣ
һľĲлܵɽֱ֮


298 ʵ
ڵʮ꣡
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ǲΪľĲѣľĲţԼǱ磬ҲûбҪô˵ΪľĲһ֮ʾͲʵĽΪš
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Űȸɽƽһֱʮе˫ƽ곤һ꣬һ̤죬Ȼ磬ȴʱͻƺ죬ֻڵȴԪȻͻƶѡ
һؿʼһֱڣȫԪȻͻƣֻоţд˵ţ츳˶ȲԪȻ硣
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ĿһӲҪ˵ԼʲôĻǾǶЩٶͶ֣ķӦΪߣһ˲ĽٿֹӦҲֻܰ뵽֮Уǧһ֮ͷų˵С
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299 쵤
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ͷ֮ͨÿ˵ͷȡڱģ罪ơЩʿģıˣ壬ͷͨϻڡϺħЩаߣΪаͷǰؼƳңҲͷͨ
ɽְļأҶխ֮ˣݲȱˣͷ飬гһ˲ȵĻͷͷͨ˳衣
ɽʱڱȵȻľĲ򣬵ҲһݣľĲƶǺˡ
ŰɣһǸ۵ģ
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ʮŵ֣һϲǧ˵ԪʯȻƷԪʯʮţ൱ǧͨԪʯƷԪʯĶһףֵ»ҪʵϸһЩ
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סֻעʷ˵Ĳиãҩ˷ʲôģĿǷΧ֮ڣҪĲǳ죬ǳ죬Ҫ辳
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һŲеĻҾͺķѴľһſ쵤ҩһԼҩ쵤вУ
ʵͻͽˮƽѾѽˡ
Ҫʱ侫΢òͶʱķȡԴڣλԽԽߣѾ̫ҪֺķʱĻԴʽˣԽȫʱ䶼Ͷ뵽֮С
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ڣ쵤ļ൱ڵؽ׵ҩһӿҪƳһƥ쵤ҩҪϵĳɾʹﵽؽƷҪٺķѴʱ;
Ѱ̤辳·ĻҲֵõġ
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ŶʷüһȻ쵯ǹĲϣؽ׵ǹĲϿ൱ҵġʲôϣ
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ؼǣиղһֱٺЦĳѾûˡ
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305 ֮
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ţȥɡ
ڳס棬һ˹̶ǵȴûеһʱȥ·ʼϴ裬ǿˣֽȡһ˽Ʒı
ѺɭɭıͻȻ֣һץס˷ĵУûκԪֻƾסŤš
֨֨֨
ڼž̶ԱߣεֻǾЩʹȴȫûбиˡ
Ϣ֮˽ƷͱȫΣѾˣǵ𹤴ı˽ƷҲȽϺõһˡ
仰˵ֵǿȣѾϳ˽Ʒ
ҲֽӰСǿ˿ɾѱȴûйעκԪ
ǿȾʹﵽ˵زԪķﵽһֲĳ̶ȣ
ˣǿȴ󣬹Ҳǿһȭɽʯ˵Ǹʱ壬Ǳ


308 ȸ¼
˵Ԫ⡢ࡢ׽͹֮ĳ˵Ĺˡ費ܲ𵴣ˣ˱Ϊߵ㡣
֮󣬲㣬һܷٽԪĽϣʱﵽ⣬ԪȻһ壬Żﵽľ硣
վ̶ˮԱߣһһߵתԪܴ֮Ʊ仯ȻԪﵽϣȫʵķԾ
û뵽ǿ̵޷ɵĴȴ־ͷˣ״̬ȥҪȵſ㹻ʵĵҩ
辳˵ǶھԪϵ֮ϵҲԽͻԽãڶʮǰ
Լô죬Ҳܶʮ̤֮ѼϣҲ֪Ҫöʱ䣬õĴʱڣϻԴ賹ˡ
׸Ǻã
Ҵϴ裬ֽȡһ·ϣص֮ء
ǧͷʪĻֻһɾˬ·ԵӢˬԷģ֮ǰǲǳԹϴĵҩˣҸоųʺ٣
쵤ϴȷǳǿ߳£ųһɫճղųĺȴ࣬ǧԲдһʡ
šԹɫεĵ˵ͷղųµ쵤ųɵҩˣֻһ㵽徭֮УȻûʲôϴЧˡ
ǧĿϴͷŵɨһ飬ĵͷֵҿΪĲ࣬ӦҩǱڣҲżԹ쵤֮ҪչغܳʱҩʱʵͻڣܴڵżΪԼ뻹ù̲УںǰҪٳ쵤ˣ˷ǰòʧ
ˡпЦȻһ֮󣬾ҪøĻΣﻹʲôдҩһɶˣΪֻôһ㣬ڻԶš
ǧ룬ֵ£Ļ֮Ԫ϶ȡ
΢΢һ˵ͷϥǧǰҲ֪ܴ½ı׼ԼĻ֮Ԫ϶ȵǼƷ
壬ҪԪ
ǧ˵ǣ֣΢գϸĸ֪ڵĻ֮ԪһɹԪ룬ճж϶ȵǼƷ
֪ǲΪڵĻ֮Ԫ̫ḻǧʯ̳Ͼˣ㺹΢ʪйɺŵζôǧԶһʱЩԳ
Ƭ֮ǧ۾ͫȴһ˿ϧ֮ɫƷµ϶ȡ
϶ȣһ˵Ѿ൱ˣο˫ϵƣ֮Ԫ϶ȸһЩ
ǧ껹Ǿʧ˵ĹȴԻ֮Ԫ϶Ҫ̫ˣǧĻϵԪ϶ȱﵽƷϵȣ
Ʒ϶ֻϰĹͱ׼дɾȴǲˡ
ǧеʮϧطôǿϵֻ˵ܼǿ˵֮ϵ
Ʒµ϶𣿡⣬аȻǿֶԻϵԪûκηӦƽûôˡ
֪Լȡ˳ƵľƷǹȥϽɵƽ̣յʥ֮϶ֻﵽ٣
а֮ͨϵصܹɳϵ϶Ϊף;ԲֹƷµȡ
а֮ǿڣѾ֪ٴθпа֮ǿˣ޹λΪа֮һӵõطڡ顷֮ϡ
ҡ顷Ȼ󣬵֮лһ֪а֮ȴǶһ޶ģطλϹżеõģΪϹа
а֮ʱѾ˲֪ꡣ֮λһֱСıطû˿й¶̶ȡ
ϧλܲδüа֮˵أ͸ڤȥܷʥħһغ
а֮һжҪԼֻа֮ϵͻϵԪзӦıϵľϵȵԪУ֪պ᲻Ὺµá
ǧ꿴һԥ˵ǷԸϰ˵Ļϵ
һ¡ͷ۹Ʒ˵ȻԶܼеĹȻ򹦷ãȴѡһܵõһʺԼĹͲˣ˵ĳضķѡˡ
֮ǰѧϰһЩϵֲԼٶȵĲ㣬ܴ½ҵһƷϵ̸ף˵˵ĹѾ൱ˡ
Ԫ̶Զͬߣ֮ѾʦϰƷȻҲ֪ǹʲôҪ˵ǣ˵Ļϵ񹦲κιЩӣǧӴܶ࣬ǧΪȻһЩͬѰĵطֻûпȥʰˣÿǿ߶Լܡ
㻹ûʽ˵ܴģҲֻǰأڴ֮ǰ뷢ģýй¶ȥǧһһٵ˵
֮ģû˵£й¶ֺûκԥģÿŶѴпõͬĸ
ã׹Ϊȸ¼Ϲŷֻϧȱʧܴ½ļʥضۺ졣
ǧ˵ﳤ̾һϹŷӵзѪһ壬ǿޣȸʥܹģĹǿ̶ȿ֪
˵Ĺȸ¼Լ䡷ȫʧ룬˵ƾ˳ΪʥأѾȱʧ˵Ĺǿ̶ȣҲҪƷŵĺĹҪϰ׹˺ľ磬ҪȸѪЩѾɱ˵Ӷˡ
ԭϹŷص䣬˵߾磬ˣ𡭡
ǧһϯ˵𾪣ˣ𣡣
ǧ˵ûп֮ĻϹŷص򶥼Ҳй֮޲а֮ϹаµطУ
Ȼȸ¼͡䡷ֻϹŷصеһֶѣһȱʧġ
ˣҲĶˣ̲סʵղ˵޵˺ľ磬ҪȸѪҲ޷
ǧ̾һȸѪڻ֮϶ȵƣҲ߾ġ
ǧ˵˵ΪֲһʥѪȻѪ̫ϡȸ¼ĺĲ֣ǡǧ˵ͻȻһ٣֮һ˿֮ɫȴǱտڲˡ


309 ֮
ʲôʵ
šҲûʲôǧϢ֮ɫȻҡͷϿʼɡ
ǧתƻʱȴǧ󿴵һĨΣ⣬ȻǧԲԸνġǡҲ׷ˡ
ǡȸ¼һصȰѹһ飬֮ţʽˡ
ǧֽóһöɫҪһöǳѣҪ˹ɵĸԶУǧһסȸ¼ʱȻΪΪʥŮݡ
ӹ֪ȥʱһһ׹似ϵĵ伮һطΪĶǾǡػ֮
аǿջ棬ԻΪãǵôٿػȴҪԼо
ȻԲҲԼȥоػ֮аԴ׻ɱ֮⣬ػֻ֮ǳһ֣ǾֱӷŻȥյˡ
мصĿػȴ༫Ϊࡣ
ףܣ滤֣֮ѹȵȣ˻ֱʹ֮⣬ԽⷽӡڱϣӱطȤ
һֿػ֮㹻סȸ¼ΪĶˡ
רעоʱǧҲһԴֻżЩĲɡ
Ҫȸ¼ߡ䡷߾磬ҪŨȸѪѪ
˵ѪֲʵǴȸʥȡѪطֲ뱻ֲڣӵ΢ȸ֮ѪѪȴԶԶ㡣
һ
Ǿ˵ӵŨʥѪ˷ϵȡԪ֮ԻʮִʥѪˣҲܴﵽȸ¼͡䡷ı׼
νʥѪŨʵ˵ʥŮҲǧơ
£Ϊ֪˵ҲᾡȥΪ٣ʷϣϵħͷ°˵ʥŮҪȡԪ֮˫ޡȸ¼һ˵ѡ
νġǡǧҲ˵ڵġ
˾˳ƵУĳˡȸ¼УǧҲڴջԪ
ǧƣԣֻҪСʱܹȸ¼ȫһ֣ȻźǣĻ֮Ԫ϶ȴվǳ⣬ⷽٸҲֲˡ
ǿϧԸҪ˶ȸ¼źáǧǱʶϣܹȸ¼߾磬˵ˡ
Ȼǲܵġ
һ·
뵽ǧɫȻĺ˺죬ȻйһСľǧûǷ̫Сˡ
ǧʮߣʮȻഺƳ˵ʮһʲôǶڵǧ˵ֻһССꡣ
ԭǧû漰Ů֮£Ԫ֮洦
ҲΪ̫ȣǧþˣЩ֮У׼ȥϴ裬ϲɾǧ˵ÿԡѾһϰߡ
ͷһڿǧȻ뿪

ֱ߲ӿƻ棬Ҫ֮ͨԪϵԪﵽػĿġ
ţ˫ֺʮһ֮߳䣬աȸ¼ϵķתԪ֮ĻԽԽϸԽԽŨվʵһ㡣
аӵ֮£ԭĻ֮Ԫ˳·һ
Ͳһˡ
߶ڵԪڣ֮ĻĻһɫĻۡ
һ̣ȫʵʣֱ뱻պ˵ûκ
ˣ
дϲֽгǹֱӿǹβǹôһǹ
ȥ
һףһǧٽǹͬʸһ㼤ȥȻ
磡һ죬ǹصײڶʯڵı֮ϣһĻ΢Ļζ¡
沼õĶȻܹƻġ
ʱǧԡϣص֮УÿһĻۼʵûʲôĻǧһ˫ɵùԲĸܵ˺ɫŨĻ֮ԪҪΪһˡ
㡭Ѿѧ滯ˣ
ǧֱ޷ţ滯ҪȻΪܣ׸ѣǧԼҲһʱѧᣬȻֻԼϴһĹѧˣ
ôô죡
Ļ֮Ԫ϶ȿԶģ
šͷǧľȣԼһ˲õ飬Ҳˣں
滯ʵԪΣ׵绯β࣬ʵʣԼô׵Ŀƻ֮ԪаӵĹͣаӣȵؽ鶼סôһЩ֮Ԫ͸ڻˡ
ǧ꼫Ļ֮Ԫ϶ԲⶨģΪϰȸ¼ѣû뵽Сʱ˻滯
ȻǲԳģǧҲֻܽѧɻ滯ᵽֲȥϾػ֮һܣҪԲ
ǧţеɻ󣬿ǽһϵ飬ȴһٶսǧ
ʱ֮еĻ滯һĶơ
ֹӣϳһɫס
ٹһʱһŻ滯һصķģӡǹϣʹԭɫĳǹó

ʱǧѾȫľˡ
Ѿ֪ʲôˡΪʲôʮ;;ͨϹ󷨣һͨ˵ó㵸
ԼֱͲеġ
˵ȿ֮ţΪƽ·ڿǸЦ
Ȼǧ겢֪漣Ÿոտʼ
֮󣬵ʼȸ¼ıԴٶȣٴǧĿɿڴ
֮еΧ·γһԪУΧޱŨĻԪԴԴϵл۹ͬˮһ㣡
˿ֲĻ֮Ԫӿ壬ȴ˿©壬ֱһ޵׶н޳жٻ֮Ԫ١
ȿֲԪٶȣǧ𾪣ôֻƷµȻ֮Ԫ϶ȣ
˵ģػ֮ҪԣԺãÿ첻Ϊ棬Դֻ֮϶ȣ϶ȲٺҲûãڵٶȡ
ǧ龪ɲΥٶȣֱͬ˵ԡĻ֮ӣһҪͨٿԪܲٿػ棬֮ӣȴֱû


310 ǹ
ʱǧ뷨Ҳ֪ʱٶƷµȻ֮Ԫ϶ʵ̫š
Ѿ⣬ʶȫΪ泩֮С
Ȼǧãֻ幦Ǵ裬Ŷݼףǡ
һϵ޷ͻƺ졢졣
ҪŶݼףǣͬҲԸ졢
ȱһ׿ԪľԪϵȸ¼˿հס
Ȼ׹ȱʧ࣬ΪаӵĴڣеĻϵԪǰͬһ˳ٿءȸ¼°빦ֱһΪĹ
ǧȸ¼ʮʮ죬ʮ죬ʮʮ벽
ȸ¼ٶȻԶǧ꣬ƷϵȻ֮Ԫ϶ʵֲ̫аӣҲ޷󼰡
Ҫ֪аӿԳɳռöأ
ٶȿԲϵļӿ죬ǧꡣ
뵽򿲿ö𾫣Ǵ˵ؾϽʵ̫ԶܵȲǹͻֱӹȥˡ
ޱŨĻԪϼƷȸ¼ټаӶԴ˹ϣٶһǧʮ֮ΪѾֱڶ塣
ȻôҲ쵤Ĺ档
һ죬֮ͻȻһ죬ػĶҵǧ겻ԣæһȴͷɢĳ㵸š
ҳɹˣڳɹˣ
ӣǧһЩЦõĸоղŻΪըˡ
ֶãôһӣָԼĴΪʮ첻߲ݵ󷨣ʱͷһӶյöڣҪǱжǱ
ų۷Źӣһڿˮͷ˵
죬죬Ϣһϣ״̬Ϊ㿪¯ǹ

ڶ峿
еĲ϶ʯ̳ϣϵʥͩһСȸµĻᾧƴСʮʯЩǹϡ
ÿһϣǼƷĵرǿҲۺ죬˶ĲһǧҲпʵ̫ݳˡ
濴ô༫Ʒϣһ˷ܵúⷢЩϣټϸոսİ󣬳аƳĵõһƷ
˴һ߽ױľ飬պױҲһݡ
ɢĳſ³һŲɫĻ֣ǻһ֣ͷ·Ҫһ㣬ΧȶȶȻ
ͫһǲɫһö𾫣Ӧǳıˣǿ̶ȣڵؽƷ֮ϡ
ԵؽƷϵĻȫ˽⣬Ҳֻв²⡣
ʱǧĻ϶뷨ŲɫĻɫ̾˵ǾĲףؽƷ𾫣
Щݺ򣬺̶ܴϣһöؽƷ𾫡
Ĳ׷뵽Уʱ˲ɫ¶˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ȡǹĸϣĸ𡢺ͽˮЩǹУֻһӵá
𡢺Լ֮УͺֻƬ̱ۻ˽ˮϽҺͽˮ½һϵеĸϣջһڵĽҺ
ţȡϵʥͩڽҺ֮Уʼľ
һеʱ绹ڻ֮У˿
治ϵԪͬʱ̫ϵĻ֮Ԫ䣬شһվĸʱ
粻ΪܹǿױĲϣڲɫôãȴҲûаڻĺۼ
ùһƷԪʯʼԪʯеԪͬʱֽȡһöϵ˻֮Уϵ֮У̻ΪҺ״ȫ֮С
͵ϵ֮£ڿʼ

ֽȡһѳɫشԪעУʼ˵صĶʹҡ
Ѻɫ󴸣ѾǵؽƷˡ
ת㣬¶һʵļ⣬￴óߵӡ




һײľ糿ĺһصɽһԹ۵ҲѪڣ־ʵ𺳡
һѵḶ́䤱µŵĸ趼ˡ
̾ǸҲǷȻܱҵ̶ֳȣܵĳ֪
һһҹʱ䣬ɾٴζʹԭƴССһȦСǹͷá
ǹͷĴߣȸյȣɷĩ֮С
ʮʯþĲҲ
׻Ķǹͷʹ
޴ĻƵԽԽ죬ΧĻԪһС
һδεײУǷɽ绡˸𽥱ɼбǹͷ״
ͣ
潫ǹͷںȪУԭ伫ĺȪȻð˴İ
Ȫǳ˲СĴۣŪһЩȪöӻƾԽ˽ƷĻ𾫡
˶ĺȪȴֻǱ
ϣˣǹͷĶʹҲֻһζѣƷǹžŰʮһζʹ򣬵һζʹʱ֮μ٣ʱﵽʮʮʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ʦڸǿȵ֮УʱĵĲԪ
һƷҪʦŻѪʱ䣬еʦΪһ͸֧Ѫ
ˣҪһʦȫִһǺѵģǰ˳Ĵæ㾡ȫǹ
ʱһһĹȥ
ÿһΣ֮ʱ䣬ȫʱľƽڡ
ֱڶʮ죬ǹͷǹѾΪһ塣
һɳǹˣϵΪǣʥͩ˿еԣּѴݡ
ǹ˳ɣ濪ʼȫעΪǹ󷨡
ʱ׹ƾۼ
ɽͷ̫죬̫ϣľˮϵԪȫ״̬Ծ
һ̣ϵԪͻϵԪƺܵĳδ֪ǣۼ
¡
һľ죬̫·һֻ˺ˣһһֱصĺǹ֮ϣ
ȫע͸֧޵ĳƺһ׺磬ֱӴʯ̳Ϲ
ǰԱߵȺд󾪣æҪǰ
ȻʱڵĳȴЦһݱеĸҰףҲҲ̫׻˫٣ϷƽõһƷ


311 ȥϽ
ǹҿùǹǹǹ˳ɫϵɫɫ֮䣬ܵĺɫ·ʥͩϵ֮µġ
ǹͷ˴糤бɭɭǹͷںʯȸ𾫺죬Ӳ׻ݣʺ
ǹͷβ·ȷڴԪϵʥͩ赼׻˫ϵԪļƷϣټ󷨵ãԪעвܵκ谭õ̶ȵ
˵ǹΪġ
ͬİŮһ˳ǹǹƷ֮СؽƷжһ
һ˵ױŻ٣ٴӷǿ
ǹףΪ̺̫ļƷ׻ϣֿ̫죬̫׻Ԫγα١
Ȼ٣һմãʹǹƷʸһ
ֿ˺һĽǹ˵ǹģɡ
ǹУĶһ£ǹʮ㣬סԵһֵĹͷˡ
ԪעУǹ϶ʱ׻𽻴žžľļ£ȿֲ׻ɱһǹ̳֮󣬽
Ȼģͽǹɣ
ǹ֣ȲҪһܿһʮֲʵ󡪡Ͻƽ̡

ʮϽʮɽ
ʣգϽɭ֮ϣһ߿ХһֻչɿƬųβ͵ξ޺ɳա
ĳڵºɫӰӣԶԶȥڿзľޣͬһĳ
ΪԣӵʥӦѪӦƣͬΪϵʥޣֻӦڿзС
ڷԱϣֱվһֳ꣬һɫǹˡ
ʮǰɽһԣԴ˴ԵٶȣԶԶܱģչһɼǼֵ
֮⣬ǹҲɳ֣Ĺ⻪ԪֻһΪͨ˽ƷΪ˳ˣԿߡ
Ͼǹ̫ˣڵʵǹҡУͬɱ
ڣ֪ӵǹֻǧͳ档
ǧȻŵù棬ȻԸ壬Ʒ䣬˽ҲοǹǳԴġ
Է۵糸վԱ֮ϣ·ٺŵľпǧֻʱ䣬ʵΣ˴ʱľȴѾȫͬ
׷ɱƴȫ֮յķɱ𹤣ܿȴֱƽ׷ɱð;ȸ˻ƽ̵Ļ𾫷ѾںˮˡɽҲһ·
Σա죬ϽʵѾͬնټϽѾûʲôвˡ
ĵһĿĵȲ䡣
Ȳ䣬λһɽУɽ峿Եһ򿲿൱С䣬˿ֻǧˡ
ɽȲʱ÷Ͻ֮ʳԵѪŨȴ൱ɽϵ棬Ŀǰʵ൱ںߣϽУûе֣˿صġ
ԱһԾ£ǧգ֮ʱȴͬˮһ㣬һδλ䣬÷֮⾳٣ͬһƬëһ㣬ɵ˵ϡ
ռ䣬ܿҵһ˼ңһƬλȽеĵͰݣո¹һ꣬ʯ·滹ʪˮ飬һ֮С
ںԺһֲ£òŮһľ裬ϴ·šɣɹϡ֮£Ů۵Сͬźһ㣬Ļۡ
ŮϲŮˮǰȥɱǴʱϽһЩƽ𣬽ǰȲ䡣
ڽʥ֮ǰŵΪϽñһһŵɽˣгŵˡ
ľָ磿ˮ߽ԺӣȻסˣˮ۾͸¶һĨϲͲŵɫ
𣿡ˮ΢΢һЦľϽõļ
ڡڵġˮʹĵͷæľ裬ܱߺţ㣬ľָˣ
ԾݳˮϽ˫ɷн˳ǱɱɱĸϽɭһϵĥѣһһ⣬£ˮһֱ
ֻǼգ۵ĹڵͰķſڣϵΧȹţϸ۵ָմŴϴ˵ˮ飬һͤͤСұ
ҲоȣĿֲ츳Լݲ࣬Ϊ¶ˣû뵽Ȼֻˡ
һ񣬹˵ԻˮǱȫ侲ŴĿĸױʳòȱȫʬġ
ЩΣνʵЩŤɱǴΪϽñɱɱĸ֮ȷʵǶˡ
ݰɣЩǡ
УйЩˮзŸϴˣһǻð̨
򿲿ЩûʲôɣɨһȦпļӡ
ûСҡҡͷȾ򿲿ܽ򿲿ҪʲôģȻ֪
Ȼûʲô£򿲿ĸӦþۼǵϳˣš̵֪ľλô
̵λã΢΢һЩɻ˵֪롭
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һ˵Ծõɴ۾ˮҲסС죬ɱƽ̣Ӷ򿲿Ĵл֣
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ڣȻҪȥɱƽ̣ʮ갡
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ڵΪڵӣʵʵѵԽΪ磿
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˵ˣȷʵȻѾҪɱƽ̵ļƻŻϽǷҪȥɱ˵֪鱨ҲޣʲôмֵĽ顣
ˡ˵ͷӡһϵɲ˼ˣǻͷԷȣֻǾòš
ȥɱƽ̣۳ɹöһطɣ򿲿̫ȫ˵ţֽһһ߼ĺݸǸǽõģպƽԣ븴Լɡ
ѺӷϣϽø˷ǳĻԵݶҲ㳹׳ˡ
ľָ硭㡭ˮҪߣ촽۾ģ˵ʲôȴ֪οڡ
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ܻܿΪƵΪԲʮ½ףǵĲǵ֮ôľָأ
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һӽƱÿһŶһǧģһһݵýʵʵһţʮƽͨʮӶˣԴҲ㹻һӲˡ
ڽƱԱߣһöԱߣһЩƿƿ޹޵ĵҩҩƿ֮ɢŵҩ㣬Ϻõĵҩ
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ͻȻã˵Ͻ˵΢

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Ͻ䶼ȨھȨ֮ϵĹң򿲿Ҳ⣬ƽ̳ڲеӰҪ
ڻǵģ߸ÿһڶʮϣмһΪߴʮɡ
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ҹɫ٣һĽֵžҵƻ𣬴ӿпȥ췱һ಻Ͻټķ棬Щ꣬򿲿ͨϵսӶ˿ūѾﵽ򣬻ҲΪϽļ֮һ
߲㷿ΧһԲϵһͷӣһۣͷ϶ƴŹĮ
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˵ţϵЦʤϵҲӴ˼֣۵Ůūɫ԰ףͷʼ顣
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鲻ˬͷʶĸһ£Ůū̲סһ΢
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Ǹǿûлˣ
ɱһļµͷһվЩֵĿͷȻֻİ컨ѡ
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313 
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εĻ󽫾Ҳ˱ϵؽһ֮ɫǾƴʵ佫֪ٴξսɱ̿͵ľҲ߰˴֮࣬εĲ֮ͣ˿־֮ġ
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ұΪʲôˣԭһ׳գҲٺ٣ͷЦһĿȴƳı󣬡㻹аְɣҲгɣͷ¶βģһ·
ͷ˵ȼһ⣬ǴôʾͷΪ׳գΪôʵ͸иֶŻ͵Ϯ
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ָһƻ棬ХӴֱӳȥƼһܣַɻ˳µϡ
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ԭֻһ²Ӷ͹۷ͻƵڣһС㾹Ȼ͸ҵĻ̴ɱңΪϽʣٺ٣ǲ֪Ϊ
ɺͷǣѾΪ֮ˣɬ꣬ô˽ʵʵֻᵱǸͨĺߡ
ɱǴʱΪ͹۷ΪǴΪ벽죬ɱòɣֵƾа֮ˣ׻ɱҲˡ
ʱʵոձȵùĺ߶ѡ
µʱ䣬ΪֻǽһС磬¸Ϊвڵ伮б˵ϽʣҲû£
ʱ򣬻ҵĴű͵ƿһȺȫװ˽ͷ˳˵ЩǷͷӾѡʿÿһսɱĸ֡
Щʿߣô֣ͷд󶨣ȻĺǱȴǳǺܽģдƬĽɽҪͳΣдѵŮҪ棬޾ȨƸء
Ǳң˽˶ԸУͷԪ´ҲǸߣҪǿŮˡ
Ҳ˭ȻˣͱˣεĻ󽫾һֱеؽһն¡
ֳֳǹǹۼŻ󽫾һֱؽնͻȻ۾кһ³һͳַ
ͬӾԨдૣ󽫾͵һ˫˲ʧȥ˽ࡣ
ͨ
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ЩþɱʿҲһ궯еıԾս˼֣ǲηɱηΪڽϽˣηħڵħһ㡣
ԭ깥ط޹ָɱңϧطã±΢΢
´ʱҲֻѣΪһΪڣͬʱƿ˻𾫵ĸֻ֣۷λ󽫾ʵиֵһᣬ˲ɱʲô
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Ѿȥ˼ˣʱѾǹ
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ۣ
΢ŵӻͯü룬ͯݴһ˲䣬˷˰ĲҽУԭۿɰСѾȫŤΪħ

ͷɢ˫ĿѪ죬Դϵͬһ¡𣬲Ĺͷ㣡㾹Ȼҷ
ӡ뱾ǳһ֣һ٣˵Ҳش
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ʱѾ˷ĳ¸Ĺֳβһ˵ĳԴ࣬Ҫͬھ
ۣ
ǹ˲䶴˳µʺµֽסˣ˫ĿʧȥɣеĳȵңԶľ롭
ʱ²ŷ֣Ѿ˿Զסһĺɫһǹǹβϡ


314 Ѫɫ֮ҹ
㡭㡭
¿Ѫץסǹˣͽ͵ǰţƺҪץסʲôһĲĺͲ֮ɫôҲû뵽ԼгһգȻһʮ꺢ӵϣԷΪȻڣ
ͨ
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֪ǿţҲϽʣǼϽʣҲȫ޷ȡ
ǹһѪ꣬µʬ屻ƷڵأĿ
ʱͷң΢΢ĲţղŷһУ˵ֱͬجһ㣬ǸɲĻ̽Ȼˣֱǹᴩ˻̽ʺͷȻ޷ţǰֱ꣬һħ
ļŮūҲ÷·һ㣬Уͷ·ħһǿ󣬸ƥУȻͲʮ߰ɱˣ
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ǹɳڵĻ֮Ҳаѹδܶľκˡ
һʱȴƲסԷĻ֮ȻаӶԻ֮ƿأʵϢϢء
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㡭ҪʲôҶ㡭ͷһߺˣһ߲˵׵ĻˣЩʿֻж͹ڶѣսϳɱͬ⵶ǱƽͬһСħǰֵһᣬ޷κΰȫС
Ŀ˷ͷһۣ˼࣬Ͳôϣ΢΢һǹĮ˵ûʲôֵҸȤģֻҪѡ
ҪɱңҪɱңҿԸƸŮͷϵķѾһ𣬲ͣضţʱѾ־嵽㡣ô£ͷų˴ôڶû˸̵ĸأô죬Ǿ㿴Ҳ˰
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ɱ
ӵĶӳͻȻһ˻𣬶ʮʿɱ˹
ޱɨһۣĮ˵ǡȡ֮

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ֻһǹʮֻʣ˷ͷһˣ
ŮūֵĿһĻһǹɱʮ֣֮ǰɱƽ̻𺳣Ǽ类̤ʱĿЩ־ɱǼʿڣȴǰһǹ𾡡
Ǻεȿֲ

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ת֮䣬ֻʣŮūǻɪɪš
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˵꣬һǹһϢĻͯӣδʲôһöɫĻӻͯĿڷɳֱ崰ڶȥ
ࣣ
ڴǰݺݵײʲôҵķƺһıĤ
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ĳף˽ƷȻƷߣǾôľѾɳ۷ˡ
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ӡû𾫣ŮūȻڵû뿪
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ʲôúˣ˼ôҾҲȲȻˣҲ޶á
ңЩ
мŮ΢΢һҧ˵סڻĵشģǻ򿲿ĸ߲㣬°ӣɱô۾߲λã
ЩȵŮһۣԷȻŮūֱԼסˣڱ²֮ǰҲ֮ŮɣҲ֣ܱѡźŮū
ˡ
ֽеǹξ磬ʧããҹɫ֮С
ߺŮضţãȻ֪롣
ܿ죬Ǿ´Ĳҽ֮
ŮūҴܵڣֻҹһɫ߰˸˱ճ˻ҽмŮһϵãȥЩˣǻ̵ʵȨҲǽи֣ƽʱóһ˵ĴڣǺ£ͬһնɱ
Ȼ֪ʵٴĿһĻŮ𺳡
ǹ趯׻𽻼ӣÿһǹмʮЩУҲǶ͹ڣﵽڵΪ
עһѪɫ֮ҹ


315 յĳ
֮£ҽ˷ÿһҽжΪ̴٣Ȼ˲һһ浹ɱ
ģŮЩľˡ
ջ򿲿ȨǣֻǱһѶҵʬ壬Ƭ֮ηˣȺս˳ūҲҿ˽ϵļǾΥɣ۵ūǹڵأھӪбŮūͷʹޡ
ҿʼӣһҹ֮䣬򿲿ȫʵȨǵūսǷ׷׽ҸͶֱɱ
ֻ֮Уͬһɳ˻ǣȲϽõסԡѪɱڣ·޵һ㡣
δõϢȲһƬˮ˯ֻ˰ɫ˯ۣҴӭ˳
һȾѪİ˵ϡ
ǸأڵϹİɫͫһȻʶʲô촽š
µ׼ȥʦɣ򿲿ѾңūҲӽԺ󣬾ûлˣһ֮սܻյã뿪ɡ
ƽ˵ţȴЩɥ֮Уħڶοһ۷ֵľѪ
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ħȷʵһµľѪȴ޷Ӧ
ǵ̫͵ϽϵľѪ֮
ֻںֵľѪħ˵ûʲôˣ
ľãǺߵĿԸ̫͵Ǽףڵ۹ֵһᣬ̫ʲô֮
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ֲŽ⿪ĿĻƽ׼ɫȴʹţ˵ʦĲñµĶģԻƽ̵׼ʦ
лллҧ촽˵ۿʪ
лңҪɱ֮ˣˣﱣذɣڡ˵Ӱһһʧˡ

Ԥϵû߲ͺļűһɨ֮֮вдں֮ڸֿūŭ𣬻ͱˣ򿲿䣬һҹ֮串
֮£зӴū۹ȴżìܣһһͻͬɽһı
ԹҵϽ֮Уū۹֮ڣԾ˵ٶ̴ƬĽȻãȴֱַżʡ
򿲿䲻ǵһҲһ
ţսձңһͬһðе˲ֻˡ
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һһʵ˵ʦ͸ĸԸñؽϲ䣬ˮƾŲ£Դ˫˫̤쾳磬һѪһᣬΪϲ˾ηŮ
֮УҲһµľһֳֳǹĺ֮꣬ΪľʣݴǱǧǰʸΪǿֻǹͺ֪ˡ
ϲ䣬ĵ伮ȷ˵ľһҹ֮򿲿иֵ飬ȴֻʮʮӣ˵飬ţǵĿ߿֤ŮĵĳΪʹ٣˲ɱȻɲǲˡ
Ͻǿߣ˵ǿ߾ܱ߼ӻ򿲿ūͳ°ѳĲ䣬Ҳǵڽмľʵ
ľһϽʷ֮УЩǺˡ

ڻ̸ʱϽһεĶ֮Уչɵĳס
ξ֮鲼˽磬˱㲻صչء
ֽȡӡĻ𾫣𾫻ͻҳţƺҪƷӡ
˵𣬵ȴţ𾫱ӡþˣͻüΪ
һս˻𾫣Ҳ˽Լʵޡ
ǺΪΪӵл𾫣䱾ʵűȵƽĺ۷ߣνĺе֣ҲֻϽ˵
ƽ֮ʵܴΪӵԴͬк似Ҳھ޴࣬ټϱʵĲ𣬻޷Ტˡ
ŷˣһƽеĺڣ罪ơľĲȵؽţкڡ
񣬽ǹܹɵսʤ۷塣
۷壬ߵĺ۷壬Ҫһء
΢΢ڵֱĻ϶ǲеġ
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ĿתƵĳ֮ϣȴǲ֪Լ֮ʵ׻ɳʲôز
ϻ𾫣ҪʤҲǲܣҵʵ̫쾳ŷӾ͸˵ˣ
뵽ŷӣ;âڱôһصĵڱȻˡ
ŷȻĿŵɱҲܽǧȥɱŷӣȵŹ治ᱣͬҲᱣŷӣǧٸߣҲֻΪ֤ݶûеĲ²Ͱŷɱˣ˵ѡ
ʵҧ
еҪʵֻҪһй¶٣ͼпŷӵ׷ɱôʮ
ɲΪڵаִŷߵĿܡ
ĸĸҲΪŷӵвȶ޷ʵӿ
ʵ̫ѣһʱô裬ȫͻƺ졣¾ֻҪڶʮ֮ǰɣͲ
ʮԺ󣬾͹õĴʱڣϻԴ賹ˡ
һ˺ĳ׵ķӡֱӰѻ𾫰Լؿڡ
ȵĻ֮ʱľ֮Уʼƻ
ƺһ΢΢ɫͨѪ
ʵаӶԻ֮ѹ˽Ʒʵѣֻǻ򿲿һö̫ˡ
ͬǽϻһֻ׳˶ϻͽһֻ׻ѶȻ𼫴
ϵߣΪջ𾫣òĥ𾫵ǿգԽףҲòԪʯ̥赼׵֮֮յĽ֮յ
һΣûʲôɻ֮ĵرĥ𾫵ף֮±鷳ˡ
˷ʱ䡣
ǿڴʹУתԪϵĹעаУһѹɢѱŵĳס
аӣԻ֮мѹãĳףֳһɹɣھҴš
ôĻ棬ʮֵģһһɵա


316 
𾫵εǿͨ£״̬ʢ˽Ʒ𾫣ֻųĺڣ۷ֲգһҪһЩƺȪ︨
ȴȫƾӲڵľޱȣɱƿýʹ糱ˮһĴ߶ڵԪԪϢ֮ȴѸ
֧֮£һһɵҴܵĻ棬ÿһɣ𾫵ͼһ֣аӱǿһ֡
˳֮£Լһӵʱ䣬ȫƿס˾棬ȫյĳױֻʱˡ
͡
аеС˷ܵķţ̰ԴԴӿĻ֮ڲϵĳɳš
һ˵𾫾ͬһһãƷͶˡԺʵĳɳҪһĲϸ𾫡
аȴȫڴֻҪǻ𾫣Ϳֱգ׳
һʱ֮ǣһССĳɫھлתЩԭھеĻ֮ҲŻϤںϣںϵĽУĳԽԽʵ
սˡ
һɫɵа֮Уһɺ嫵Ļ֮֮֮ǰȸ¼Ļ֮Ԫϵһ
ֻ࣡һ죬·ʲôѵ΢΢һ㵣ϲͻˣ
ͻˣһö쵤ٲҩӻ𾫵ֺ֧ɽһµĸǿ߼һͻƣ൱ס
һƽߣô鷳һö쵤ȥֻҪ͹һ嵽۷塣
Ϊ˴λĴۣÿͻһ磬Ҫͨ߳ɱŬ
ơĵҲôģ֮µÿһ磬ǶͻƣҲΪܹԽսɨƽߵԭ
һĳһ죬ǵ츳֧ͻƣôǵ֮·Ҳߵ˾ͷٽ߾ˡ
ͻ֮Ҫһʱʣ׼ȻȾޣͬʱӣѧϰһ»ڵٸ̽һ¾񹥻
Ͻļܽˣȴ˳ؼңڹһˣŷڻ뱩¶ڹڳ֮£ֻΪΣա
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̾һһĿڣԣԱȵķֱɶȥ
Ȼƻûб仯죬û뵽ŵ;Уȴһ˵ʮƷŵĴ£ǣľơ
󡪡
ڷԱ֮ϣȫٷȣӭ紵ԣͷڷ衣
ʱǰͻȻһŻ⣬һţѸٱԶԶ˦
΢΢һƫԶشܹôҵҲֻǧˣȳԶ봫ֵ߰ǧҲʹá
ʲô£ȻҪóԶ봫֪ͨԼ
Ϣ֮ǧ϶ģ𣺡һҹ֮ţҴʮһ޳ѿ϶ΪϺħԦԳ֣мСġ
ţ
д󾪣ڲţô
ڣΪ˵ʮƷ֮һʵȻȲȣϾƷţӵĿǲڰλͬʱһ򣬾Ȼһҹ֮ţ
ϺħȻȶˣ
𾪹ͻȻϺħ⣬Ҫƻ˵ʮƷŵˡ
ھϺħֻҪֶɺǱڣһҹ֮䣬ţ
Ϻħʱ˵ȴԶЩƷţ˭赲
Ϻħڣͬȣ
ҲֻšȸɽȶƷţܹǿԱɣһ˵ʮŵ˾᧿Σˣ˵ܱסƷţŵĲҾǰ˭£
˵ϺħܣϺħͳʮڵݣЩҲܹӲд˵ϷϺħȴܼ̫ˡ
뵽пľϺħȻħŵ磬¹ˮһ⾯鶼ûзֱӳţ
ţԦڳ֣޳޳Ŀֲʷ伮Ѿܴ½֪жٹһ޳֮УԶĲ˵˵Ͻϲ䣬Ϊ޳ű򿲿̲ġ
޳ͻȻһˣϼڵɣǣɣɽɣɽǧһֱ쵽Ͻ֮У
ɣɽΧûʲôԽ޾Խǿһ޳Ļɣɽµɣ׵壡
뵽һϻؼңɣļ磬ͬĸۿż类١

عȥһһůѩڻ︴գľ̵֦ҶСֵּıš
һٲȻԴȣ֪֮Уһڴ˵վνվʵǴת㣬ȵĵ̣ԽɿԽʮĳ봫󣬱Ҫ;ת㡣
˴վиڴأִɽΪѾﵽڡ
վ֮⣬ﻨ㣬վ֮ڣȴһɳصϢɽüͷͷ˼ʲôʱдһХɽһֻһ˫Ťɽӹܿûɽ֮䣬ʧȥӰ
ɽδüǵʲôֻһɫӰӿһԾ£ȵ˵ϡ
һ꣬ȥʮ߰ӣȴƺһļµķ֮
ɽͫһǡ
ɽ𣿡һеƣ״Ӳеĳ
ɽһ״ӣ
Ϊһվִ£ĵλв޹丮ڱȳϵλҪߵ״ӣ˵Ǹ߸ϵ
޹վִɽˡ
ʱǣ˵Щǣֱ˵ɽ㣬˹ûб޳
ɽϽվҲڴϢλ־˹ԶܿһõϢ
شˣ²ûеõϢĴ޳̵ϢѩƬһ㣬ѾЩӦӲϾˡ
ô󣬿ȵȴ٣һˣǧˣټӡͨȫһһ˶ѣҪзȱţҪΪʮĴȻô֣
һû˹ϢûϢѾǺϢˣԳƬ̣ɽ˵ִ£鷳֪ͨһڣܷһЩֵ˹ֻҪڵľУ


317 ޳
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ˡ
ʱɽ߿ֱ࣬˵˵˵

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ʱɽĹ˹ֲû󣬾ɽ֪ѾΪ˵ΨһһţȻͬͨ״ӣٳ鲻֣Ҳ᲻ļɡ
뵽ɽӦ»֪ͨġ
˵ţкֱֿתŴҴϷԣʵǿǿҲһ˵޳Ҫ̾ӺͰ֣Ҳ𲻵ŵãǰڻҶ㲻ϣݣҪһЩ˹֡
һ·۵糸ԱϣֻһʱĹ򣬾ͷǧ
ţǰеЩڵ㣬ô
ٶȺε֮죬ֻǼϢĹЩڵͿˣĻӥ챪ʳ񣬻ι״ģͽвֵޣѹѹͷ֮࣬⻹ֻϷɵģڵϵģֻ»ࡣ
һһ·һμ޳ȻǰЩ޶ֻһĵ͵ޣˣȴ֡
ҪεȵͨʹݷԲľ޴ޣ˿ֲĴģ޳
Ϻħʾʮ£ʮųǾۼһ𣬼֣Ϻħ򣬿ĸֿʱ뿪ԼӪĴӪأ
ɢҪôͶҪôۼȴ̫Ϻħһʵ̫ݡ
޷֮󣬷׷ɱǹһǹ̳ԪаеĻ֮ɫ糤һ֮޷׷׻Ϊ̿Ĵӿ
һǹɱʮͷޣΧƺһǹסˣһʱ䲻ǰǹ˺ΧȦƾԵٶͻΧʱֻһŭһͷչɳʨͷӥɱһƬȺ졣
ļޣ
ɨһۣһǹ̹ȥ

ʨͷӥɱһǹУ
ƾһǹһΧȦȥ

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޳ϢѾ˹ȫ£ǿɽɭֵĳУĻ̡̻
쵽ڣһֱܱ߹ҳ޳Ϣϴǿֲ֮ɭĶͿ̿
޳̫ͻȻڶӣͱ޳Сҡ
˹϶˵ĺܶ࣬ƬĹƽԭƽʱϻֻ࣬пɽɭ֡
ıǱɽ˳ǣԼɣɽɣǡ
۴ɽɣɽǧ֮ԶɽΪֲȺ
˳ǵҪɣǺ࣬Ϊ丮ڴɽɽϣ丮鳬ǰ浲ţİܶ࣬޳ҲҪ丮Ż嵽˳֮¡
ټ˹Ķǣرأ˳ڵһɹ壬򶨡
ĸ˳ǻƽʱλ㲻϶Ժգʱȴת۱˾ֿȵ
ر߹صĴǻٸϻأǾӵٶôܱȵ޳ڴ֮ǰ˳ǱҪĴԼ丮
ŴĴе⼸죬ҵż̤ˣλߵǣ쳣ܹչһǵļ塣
ЩǣԼɶǽĺܵġ
ŴϲָоѾӪֻ꣬ҪûͷԷ裬Ͳ˧ָӡŴڿǲǸɱȣȵĸǣΪսΣվ֮⣬ʱȴõһĿɿڴϢ
糿ʱǲ֪Ѿ丮еĺߣ󲿷ߣˣһɣǣ丮ѧҲǲɢʮְȫ¹ǣ丮ܿȥ¥ˣ
Ŵɵˣô£ѵ丮
оԼӲˣȻ丮ԴʲôĿ԰ߣɱأЩһǼֵƽǧƽ𣬾ôˣ
ȻЩⲻҪȥĵģؼǣȻ丮ô˳ô죿ʧȥ˸֣ǻʲôسǣ
Ŵ꣬˳Ǹ߲˲ȹϵϣǵĸ˳ǣ򲻵ѵʱ˭ҲԸⱳ磬ǵļ

ʲôȻӣʵ۵׵ܵݺݵؽ豭˵ϣдһֻ֪ԼȻ˴֣ϵҪô£
丮󲻾ãϢʹ˳ʱǻûԶȫϵϡ
վϵյΪβ˴֣ӵĴһĻ⣬ظûظ
˴֣
νĴ֣޷ǾԻΪͳνײѣֲ˹Ľûб
丮ɣǵ´ģ丮ڴɽһ޳ױΧ丮ûи߸ߵĳǽҪصĻضʧأЩʵĵӱɡ
ˣֻܷ丮ˣ˵ʧ˶ʲô
ûΪ˳Ȩ󵱵Ƶ
ȻҪأȵɡɣǱĵһѡļ磬дݶȻǡ
峿޳ڣһҹʱ䣬ɣѾһս״̬ȫǾʿ쳣ţɣȻǴУΪش˹أפ࣬һˣƾӣҪס޳̫ˡ
ȵľѾʱ˹ΣܳЭɣǡ
ҪԱֻܴ˹߽Ǿ̫ԶˣǧȴϹɣ˵Ѿ̤ƽˡ
£вѾΪ¶ǵļڵأϽϸԶ硣
СôԽǴ壬ҪǵĸʧԽ󣬲˵Ʋҵ⡢صʧ˵ˣһش壬ôҲǧˣϣС޳ʱһǧ˵ҪԶУ̸ף


318 ع
ɫҲرɢڳ֮ϵĲtһҹδ˯ֵʿɴʮ־񣬾ܡ
޳Ѿ죬ɣɽ޴ʱɣǽĻڼпѾӽɣɽıԵش
Ÿոմ򿪣ѵȺϡϡĴţ˱ŸҵŮ˱ſСһЩҾʵģŴŴСļҵЩϴļҲѵĶ飬ǹӶһЩߣİ·޳ĻǹӶЩ춼
ѵֻռɣǵĺһ֣ӳɣǣζŰȫȻɣǿܸΣա
ϵѾ˻ʱˣʿϲtҪˣʱͻȻһģӰһƳԲ˼ٶȳɣǡ
ޣ
޳ˣ
µʱһƬңtϵʿ쾯ӣɾʱȴ֣ν޳ʵֻһͷޣƺһӰ
Ϊٶ̫죬Ǹû壬ѵͷٶһֻôǣǷ񰡣
ͨ˵ĿУЩ߸ϵӵе嶼δػС
ʿ컹û쾯ӣô֪ͨɣǳеʱһþӾͺܿȫǴңǿɵ
ʱɣϼ塪
ڰʱ֮ǰܿǧĳ봫ѯ˼ּҼɽҲõϢ
ͻϲѶɽ˵Ĵֱվڻˣ
ڹϣּҺҪһȶ棬ȻһʵǿҲ̫ܽ޳⣬Ĺܸ˴һϣ
ּңҪҲ֪ϢʱɣǼȻЭѹء
֣Ļˣ
ҪѾڵһʱּңϼļ峤ĵѯʣʱ̫شˣһ˵Ȼܸıʲôݱ˹ʵ۶ҪֻҪɣǣٱȽŪ֧Ԯ
ȻҸղյĴӦÿ쵽ˡɽղ豭ͳ˵ʱҲû˺Ȳ顣
λûдһЩׯҼׯ۾һתʳĵ⣬ڵ˶䣬۰Ͱ͵Ŀɽ
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ȾɣмʮԶ˳ҹ̵ĸҲҪʮʱ䡣
ھӣǾ͸˵ˡ
ֻһ𡭡ׯ̾һǿЦЦͺãһ֣Ƕһϣ
˵ʧǼٵģ޳һʮʮ޴ֻһˣʵǿ޳жӰ죿һɣƳǣƾʵ뿪ǵļȴˡ
ʱͻȻдһХ

æ߳ӣȴ΢΢ɻХʲôģ
̧ͷһȴּϿգһɫ
ţʲô
ׯЩסˣǶһ˫չɿܸסһӣҲ߰ɳǳɫƬ·ȼһһ㡣
ƣȫܹġ

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뿴ͷ޸Ǿˣĳס˴ͥԺɫͫʣݣɭɭƬһɢļµơ
һô
ڳļҲڸ֣ͷɢƣܴĸܵʵѾﵽ˺ڵļߣ
޷ֶΪ
ʮĽһͷǺεݳ޵飬ٶȺβ˵ʵʹﵽ˺ϣҪ֪˹丮ĻҲֻһʿǿﵽ˺ڡ
ľԪ˧ֻǺڶѣɣǵļУһڵĸֶûС
һӰԱһԾ£


ڳ˶ĻӭȻֻһˣҲܱûкá

ȻϵɽϴμڼҪϣʱֻԳʦֵݳֵġ
ֶһҿܲ𰡡ɽæǰһס΢΢µӣĿοɫ
ããɽʵĽǣһ˵˵֣ҲǸпʵһμһϵӣȻߵһӰ쵽ּδˣʵ޳
ɽ֮⣬༸ҪﶼǹվڲԶûпҲûǰ״ӣǱȳϡʹ˹ʵ۵λҪߵ֮ݲʵ̫ɽĳҿԵȻദǿûϵҪȲ͢ڵһףݣǼҪ¹ġ
ĳжûг޳ôһ·ҴҸΧ˽⡣
ĿǰûУ˹޾ۼضԶѾһˡɽ̾һص˵һֱ˹ĳУݱȴֻһĸо
ʱһѾ߼Ҵſڣү˵ˡ
ţ
ɽüëһû뵽ô͵õϢ
˵䣬һѮңۣŵѥΰӴ˽ĺݣǹǼܿ·ƽȣơ
ΰӴһ̤ԺţϱŹ΢ЦӢۣɣǳӢۡ
˵ţȭڵݣȻֱ״ְֲֻóƺΪӢۡ
Գô⣬ͺˣҴСɣǳԳҵĳȻϵɣǿڱǲģҲкøС
һԭҲԷţٵ־ʵӸλһɰǺǫѷġ
˵ʲôȴһƳԺķԣһ˲䣬ɫˡ
ǡԣ
һڽгԵ֣ʮ־ȣ˹˵ǺѽӴĶ
״ӳпԳ𣿡Щˣԣǰ丮ʱڵ伮ϿӵʥѪҲ˵ٶˣǵ֮ʵͿԴﵽ쾳磡
ǿ찡˹˵־񻰰ȵ״ѵֻܹߡеĴ
ЩĿһۣԳǼʶ㣬ͷԲȵģԼġ


319 ޳Ϯ
Լģסˡ
šһλǰ͸ҵġԳ˵һԵڵȻ㲻ö
͵ġһڿˮ޷˵ǰʲô켶ѱˣ
ʮʮУ˾濹ϼӵ֣ûһһɰǣͲõĵй⽻ռкܴ˵ʲôʲô
ĸҪǵǣһֹȥһҹͿȡʵ׼
˵һͷʵﵽ켶ޣֵ޷
ֶȻ͸
֪θпˣ죬ϧͷԻûг꣬һ켶޳ҲǴˡ
ϢڳĿ£ͬˮһѸٵĴɣǣ磬ɣѵ˾˾ų֮࣬һЩѾ˵ģõϢֻˡ
ͨ˵ǲܹ޳ϮĴ𵽺ãֻ֪ɣ߳ȥӢۣڣ֮жһɾ
ʱ֣
ĹȻɣǸ߲㣬ʱݣضٰһģʢᣬΪӷϴɣǣе֮ȫ۵֮УʶλɣӢ۵ķɡ
ȻڣеǰĻ̻̣ȻǾٰʱ
ڳ룬һʮ׳ӣ߸ΧЩ˶ɣǵʵȨļԼɣǳ
ɣǳվ˵ȴɣȫܹ޳֮󣬲ԶרŸϻ
һֵԳĻͲ˵ˣҲɣˡ
šǿ׵ĻҾͲ˵ˣʱ޳ɣǸУһڳļλɣһפͳƽ
ָһڻԱߵ˵˵ΪﵽڣһԴصüëü΢΢̣ԵĿ
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ƽ
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ǺҵӵΪֳͻƵͶ·ľأҸΪ֣ν˼塣
Ǽˣ֮ìҲû˶⣬ֵ֧̫ӣȴʮӱһϣһٳΪ״ӣ̫˶ƣʮӵĵλ᧿Σ£ҵĴ֪
ƽɣǻ֮λҲܲһƽôܲ
׻ƽֶӣƽ׳󣬿ʺ磬һٽ丮֮ܳΪδļ̳ˣձƵ·ţʧȥϵδ֪
ˣЦŻӦţȴʼոоƽ΢ЦĿ̺ɱ⣬ɱ⼫ԣ͸֪һȣ첻
еĻԱ֮˵ôڣλһɣɽɣɽǧ϶ϽﱻΪگɽɽŴƬԭʼɭ֣жޣʤ൱ߵҲ࣬൱ںߵļޡ
޳ɣڵʵѵˣΪ޳ĸʻռС֣Ͼگɽе޾Ͻ޳ĻӦøڳϽ䣬Զǧɣǡ
˵ţһۣɣǵĴ˻Ǵ˽ҵΪ̫Զ޳ĸʲ޳ıʮʮɣǣôɣǵһؾ춼ɣǺѼֵԮ
Ƭ̣˵Ҳ֪گɽ᲻ᱬ޳ҿԿ϶һگɽ޳ôȺԲϽǻǧɣǡ
ţΪʲôĻһݣȻСݰӦò˵
Ϊ޳Ϊ߻ģԷĿʮƷŵĸҲУϽֻƫԶ֮أиûдţȻᱻΪĿˡ
ʲô
һȫԾ
Ϊ߻
鲼ݣ
Ͻֻеһ
̫ţڳڴ֮ǰû˵ݣ˼ֻʮƷеһҲ˵ݵķΧܱܿȷԲʮʮʮ
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321 һ·ɨ
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323 նɱ
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ȾֻļбȽϵײһʵ൱ںߣ˹丮ĸ֣ܵС
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Ծ˻ʯɫӴ壬ѪȪһֱ̳죬ʮɸߣ
ԡѪɢںϣʱͬһսħƲɵ
ԶһĻսһʿ޷ˣʮɾ쳤˻Ѫ죬ȳʵ̫ġ
Ӯˣ
ɽ鼤
ȻӮˣȻնɱļ޳Ծ
ԾһȺĹ̼Եĳɱ֮󣬾糱ˮһȴ
Ⱥˣ
סˣ
ӲסǵĳѾƣʿǷһƬֻԶԶķż׷ͲˣҲ˵ʿǵѾӽޣȫҲܴȫװȥ׷ڳ;Ϯĸǡ
ųǹԴս߻һսһɱĸǾǧͷͬʱնɱ˺üͷޣһļĳԾڸֵսһ롣
ȻûʲôɱԣʵǸһ
ڿó֮˰һȴûó
ʿʱһӰţȻûпμڻ鱨ȴõ˲٣ĵƾ֮һɵ״Ǽɱﵡ
ö״ĻղչֳӦȫʵˣӮͨĺߣԤϵĲ࣬⻹ҵĶ֣Ҫ֣ͱ뱣֤ɱǳ鷳
ŷӰŵţΪǺڣϾȵӣսͨǿöࡣ
Ⱥȥʿ˰˰ٶࡣ
Ѿǳˡ
صɣǺͿʼչصϢʵԭĵľͲټǿĻָԪѾ߰˰ˣչֻװӡ
߳䲻ķɱĴ㡣
սʤ֮ɣؾƴǣڻ칦ʱ򣬺滹ȺǱֵԮ
ͷǳķʢó˺ܳԹܹ
ΨһźľǲܺȾƣʿǳԵú죬ˮơ
ϯϣʿһ̸ֱҴսһһǹȺ֮УɱԾĳͨʿֱǴ档
ּ֣ҪһŵĴ֮ܰׯһˮ̴ߵɽ˵ɣǵļУּҺׯΪϵĺϵá
Ҳû뵽Ǽʶ̫ǳˣ״ӵʵȻܴﵽļ𡣡ɽչӪůƹ⣬ӡ
̫ԶˣԶ޷⣬״ӵߣȻ˹ĺ߻ǿ
߾ǰѾΣٹ߰ʱܵڣҲصסһɱȺռɱʮ֮һ߼ȫһɱġ


324 ֮
ҹʱеľʿ֮Էͣ¾
ǿߣοһսΪĴڣǵ˴󽵵͡

һƤĴ󺺺ٺЦΰʯֿ
ʯӵӡ󲻴ȺϮʱǽԼսηηβԼ֮⣬ʯֿɱˡ
̫ˣʯˡ
ôܹľӵ⣬ûоס޳ģֻһ˵ĻӴȺͣһսһɣǣɣɸߵĳǽԸߵȼ˵ҲǼԾ顣
һɱٶҲûá
ͷǹʧʮˣǹʧٶˣضܱʧİٶˣһЩ˲սˣܹȥһҵսΰҲʮֵܡ
ʯֿ˵ŻͻȻӪ֮ϴеһӸ߿
ţԮˣ
ĵһ뷨ˣԼվϢڲһʱ䣬Ԯôġ
˳˧Ӫһֻһֻһ屶ڿţ˫ֽɫ
ֽʱȸɽʹ߳ƺҲʥѪٶȼ죬Ҹͨʮֹ
ֽܳˣʮ֮˾ų
޵񸩳£Ŀ羹ֱӴӪסʿҲöᣬмصˤڵϣˤദࡣ
٣ʲôôţʯֿǸֱƢΪԮԷӲӪ˵һƷĻþˡ
ʦãǵһЩ̵ĵطˣˣϽǵҰ˾ס֮أϴĵطûС
֮ϣһȥʮĻ꣬һѳһԼĪʮ˾Ů˵
΢΢һԷΪﵽ˺ڣһųĺߣҲмֱˣҿԷôͻƺ죬Ӧ˵ŵһģǺĵӡ
ƺΪʦõŮһɫȹؿһ־ˣһòߵŮ
ޱɨһڵĵطտԣȻûʲô˵
ʦã޳Ҳûʲôŵĵطʱｫסһ°ɡ
šŮǿӦһ㲻˵ˡ
һϲȰʦˣֻҪһطסһԸʵˡ
˵ʲôͻȻһŭʲôˣ˽ӪصأײҾʿȻڴ˵Ľ̸ǰﵱʲôطˣˣ
ʯֿߣԷ̫Ŀˡ
ŻײΧʿȫʮѹȫɭɭļֱָ꣬ʯֿļΰֵҲżһΧЩ˻ǴҪʯֿǣֱӾҪˡ
ʯֿȻŭǲûʧȥ侲û治٣ҲܿͷĲֻܴɾӪַоޣǴŲӵаɡ
һŮţˣɣǲģУһΪ鷳Ͼ˼кڵߡ
һʱ䣬սţΧĵİŮޱ飬ΧȫӶ
һƳΧľʿһۣĿдһ˿м֮ɫЩһȺƶũѡ
ǵ߽˭ң㲻ʸ˵ӿÿʯֿһۣʯֿһçĴ磬֪ǽˡ
Ϊ˭ԷԷûԼ̬ȣʯֿзŭޱȣ޲ֱӳ鵶ˡ
ʱɣǳȺ˳ɫ˵ɣǳλкιɣ
ԷΪһ۷壬һڣΪһǳţʵȻ˵ãϣѾ˽⵽ߵĿֲ֮¾ǸŮվе߼Ʋ˼ҵʵ
ʱԷɱһͨˣҲΪȻ뿴ġ
ǳʲôӵƳһۣһ߸ϵ̬ȡ
üۼĿһۣԪʵЩʲôͷ
֪Ϸĳŵ˰ɡؿεıǣои²⣬᲻ڵˣ
ھλϺذϽ˵ϺħǳʵԵһ꣬Ϻħš
˸ղŵĶԻǷ·Ͻɭ˼·ŷ޳ȫ汬֮ǰڵҴߣʱ仹ǵص㶼Ǻϡ
˵ʵϸоӦò˵Ķ֣ϾڶѣԷҲŵӣò١
ʱı̫ףƺս޲ʤʶдһʡ
ûлشųź֣ʵ˵ɣʽӣҲ뱩¶ʵ
˵ǵʲôˣ
ţˣʲô㲻Ҫ֪ȥ׼һϺõĸۡʰĸɸɾıҾȫµģٲǲ߰˸ֽӸɾѾźʦӣ⣬ʦóأɾÿ׼Ȫԡˮһˣ޳ϮĻԻǳһ
һϯ˵ʯֿζҪըˣⱲӾûôŵˡ
ʵʯֿ֪ӵ̬ȲǴŶԴ˵ձ̬ȣͬԴһ㣬ָһȥϺȻǲˡ
ȵģ˾ƽȻһɳ죬δģɣʿɽԳƣģһˣۿǣݲʵ̫Զˡ
ǻ浱ԼǴˣΪû֣Ҫġһʯֿذγն͵һ٣ֱûһʯ֮УʯĴ죬֪Էʵ˦Լʮ֣Ҫˡ
ʯֿĳԲѷüͷһ壬۾ĿʯֿߵһۣĿϣԭˣû뵽ﻹһСţνĸ־˰ɣ㵹Ҳֻ֣Ҫ㡭
˵ͻȻһ־ָĽƿֱ
ţɫһаеĵǱʲô¶ˣȴĪı˽


325 Ů
ͣͣ
һһҵǶȼ꣬ȻֻһϾǷųĺ֣һߣУȻˡ
һʡ鷳öȻɣĿǰĵһˡ
ֱĪ
һ˭Ե޹ʾ˳ֹжˬˡ
Թâʢ˫ȭӭָ
䣡䣡
죬飬δˣ˶δһ
ŶüëһȻΪһʵĽָҲˣٺ٣ôɵʵɣ
ٴγ֣ʱߵİŮȴִʦ֣סְɣҪѹˡ
ΪڣȴֻڣֱֽͲƽΪѹˣſĶԾʤҲʤ
ŮסȻЩˬ˳ŰŮ˼˵Ȼʦô˵Ǿˣߣˡ
ŶˣоЦޱȣղŵĽ֣ȷʵûüʵĸ֪Ϊ񣬻귢ԪĴǸоģΪǺĵӣڿҲŵһġ
ŵӣʲôѾŵˣպ츳չֳΪĵҲпܡ
ô㲻üëһȻʦѾ˵ˣҽ㲻ԴС򵥣޳ϮҾ֣ܳ˭ɱĶ࣬Σ
δ˵ʯֿͲڵθƨӻǰæɣǡ
ʯֿδ˵꣬ͻȻһʮˣʯԴΪأɣǵľɣ
ʯֿתͷһһ򻤳ǾľƽһװЩŭζ
ʯֿһڻɣǵľɣǰɣΰֱӸųɣˣӴֵǳȻô
ʯֿʢŭ֮£ҪʱԪʯƽˣµΪֹɡ
ŷµǸ֮ǰǳǷǴ֣Ӷ¶Լʵ
ʯֿʮ־Ӣۣӣʯֿܲһû˵ʲôˡ
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ƽ˵Żһ˹ĻӭƺҪġ
סھӪʿͬͬסƽȴרΪڳһլ
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ˣһǾǼ
ȻƽԴͻ̬Ȳ࣬Ҳг޵档
ƽ⿴ܴһˣŪ׶ˡ
ʶ࣬׼ɣҪͰȪѬԡˮסɣǣӪȵطʦǴȥģģһ޳ֻҪϢʱܸϵ˵ţƳһۣһ˲С˹ӣղûһվǲˬģֻû취ŮԸˡ
ʦڵӣѾ죬ʮһ쳤ϸǽ
һ·糾ͣ⼸еĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ϽɭУ¶ޣԵöҰԡµĻᶼûУнİŮܵġ
ûʹŮȵһķ˳һ½ţϢա
ôʵĿģŮڵ״֮һӳƶϴ˲ٱʦߣϵĶܲô
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²Ůϵ쵤֮࣡
Ȼֻʮ׵һǻõҲмʮˣŮΪһ״ӣпܣ
쵤֮⣬֪ڻһҩֵԶԶ쵤˵뵱Ϻħǰħ۳ǵĵйء
ȻûˣʷΪƾãǧ꣬ǧǰڿǶƷţȸɽ
ʱڣμӹħ۳ǵΧˣһЩҩʲôģΪ档
ħ۳ǿʥؼţڤۣǸʱܴ½ʳƵ۵ĶһͰСɵķ
Ǵڵҩ˵ĸֳһãھʲôҲֻһЩģĴţҲ֪ôǲͱþˡ
ҲûôָҩڰŮϣּĶУҲ̷ġ
ĶĻЩ쵤ʣ첢ף쵤㹻Ǿûˡ
쾳磬˭ﵽ
ŮһòɵŮڶıֶΣ궼ֱӶˡ
ԭֻһŵӣŮݲܴƽʱ˼棬궼ҪϹϾţȻͶ԰ŮкܶǷ֮룬ʵڵеӶͷһȢ˰ŮܵõԴӵŮǺε顣
Ȼ£ƽʱҲֻѣܷ
Ůһǰʽ˵ѡУƻΪʮ˽еһԱ
ڱֻʮбȽϵ׵һ֧ƻ᳡Ķʮῡиûڵˣƻһһˣڻõˡ
һǰŮһǸеӡ
ǰŮеӾͳڵ˫ˣ£ݻ԰ŮҲΪ
꼵ʵ۾ð𣬺޲ɱǸ˹ʺ˵еӣȡ֮ȻٰѰŮ㵽֣˺ȥ߰£ݺݵռС
Ϊ־еӺܳ뷨
ʱŲҰˣǸ˵еӾȻһغˣһ㣬ûʹˡ
ûζҪЦ˵ǣȻܵ;У˳İŮֱ춼Ҫ
ΪʹʧʦţʱİŮʹ֮УǻĴûᡣ
⼸ʱ䣬ԼŮķḻ飬ŰŮʱȡһЩøкϿɡ
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326 ޳ҹϮ
Ůǰ׷ڣ׷ڵĹϵͶ
Ȼ굱Ȼϣ鷢һŮ׷ڣǱȻܿΪ׷ڵţȴĬĬţʱôлõŮ
˵׷ڿϿܴŵĹУҩԴгֿܵΣգһϯ˵˰Ů˵ףŮֻʮ꣬ͻȻĴЩã
ŰŮϽɳܿɣǣеĹģǺ⣬ʹɣʵľסУŰŮҪ˰οʱ򣬳룬췹
Ůڷԡãվڷ֮ˮмѾΪŮ
ЩӵģĥŽβҸڣڰŮӵķУʱ޳ٶȱ
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걬һֿڣɣǵȻûϵ޳ϮҲˣ㲻ȥڷҲûá

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ûȤͷûתһ£һеǹ˾Ӫ
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ţȷ˾һ֣ǵȵɣǵԮˣ¾ûôõĻˡƽĽѻ
˵ȻȺ֮еӣһǷһ˿ɱЦûзԣɱİ߰˳ˡ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ǰ֮ϣѾ嵽ڰսзӳ޴õҰ޼ֻü²С룬Ǽͷ޲Ұ޼Уˤڵأ޴
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һۿɫһӿΧﵽʮԶƬرնǰֱӱնһȺʮͷһŰĽбնϳء
ݺᣡ
ӽŽһתһĳ״Ůɢһʮ֮Ѫ䡣

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ʵ¾˹λĺڸҲ˰ɡ
ʯֿòϣȻޱȣ˼ȷʵŵʱ㼸ʮԼȥ˼ҶԴҲͲ˶ѡ
ʯֿԶׯɽҲо̾죬ˣŵĵ̣ʵڲܹġ
һʱ䣬ȫĽ㣬ŮҲ΢΢һЦȻǾ̾ӵʵʵźǰȫ΢ЦΪӴЩˣоڷһ
绹ôصˣͻȻãҲģ֮Ҳһ飬ȻΪٻɣôۡ
ΧѾһƬʬǽ壬ǿĽʹΧ޾һʱǰ
Ȼ˵ͨˣΧҲ˼ʮʬ壬ǻ֮һ
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ǰȻԸϣ˼ȷʵһЩ
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֪˭ͻȻ˵ôһ䣬˷׷ǰǰʮ꣬Ǹ˵ʮüˡ
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ʱȺ֮Уһ춯ص˻ļ޳ˡһͷ
ͷ׾ᣬһͷһЩһͷС׾ҷǿնɱǣƳǳ顣
һɱһٺЦţһֱͦɱͷһЩľᡣ
ʵҪɱ׾᲻ǲܣӿȺ֮һ㣬»൱ǿǱҪһѿ
꣡
꣬ÿһϴһѪ׾쳤˻
һ׾ᣬҲǳԼսΪһǿСһľᣬתͷһȴѾȺ֮УԽɱԽˡ
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ÿһشһͷ׾ᣬսͨʿʵսˣ
ʯֿԹԵıܴͣ½һǿΪ磬Էʵǿ˵ǱǰҲֻˡ
ʱȴԽɱԽ룬Ȼ¹ǱϾϣܿͷ·ûããȺ֮С
ҪôԶھ֮Уģɽһиʲôʧּҳܲסʧ
ţھӪ֮УŮ֣һ£ҡҡͷôܻǸˣʲôģһǳձ֣ϡ档
Ů»ָ˵Ȼɫҹ֮УûгֵĴ㣬ȷ͵֮ɱ¾ǲмڳֵġ
ɱԽԽٶȼ죬֮ѪϳһѪɫ
ǸСӣȻʾˣȴ죬Ǿñѹ̫ˣڻ߱ȥ̫ûӣԳôɡһģӰȺС
ڲͣɱ¾ǹһƬѪڣҪôøֶΣôҲֻܸܵ޵ɱѡ


327 ɱ
ʵȺȫٳͬƲһ㣬ƥת֮䣬ѾʮѾӽȺıԵشˡ
ʼոӰ΢΢һ٣ôѵˣ
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СӣѵҳӰɫһ
ҵʵǳ͸ҳҪңСŵĳ̶ˣΪԼ޵ô
ȷʵûʮİջɱϾѾΪ˵עţ֮ǰһֱʵʲôĵҲΪ棬ûΪб·ɱԼ
˾ŵӣΪڣʵôܱһڵСɱˡĪ˵ǸɵƵĻ꣬Ҳȫûз
һ˵򲻹Ҳȫˣһڵߣһ˼ܣҪɱǳѡ
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ӰȻ٣ɱ˸ʵĺɫù⣬ֹΧҹɫΪһ壬·ƾ֮С
һ
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ŷǺϻڵӣͽҲǺϻˣΪ֮ӦǻڵӲеġ
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ȻһжֻĲ²⣬ƣô˵ֻթ䡣
Сͷޱ飬Ҳ֪˵ʲôʱ֧ԮûõģҵĶ֣ɡ
Ŷôã˵ţ˷ܵ촽Ŀս⡣
Ϊͻڣֵõǹ͵ĳףʵһֱϣһʵĶ֤Լʵ֮ǰǰĻӸİȤ
䣬һѡ
аǺ£̫Ļ͵ͬڰ׳ˣȥɣ
ݣ
СͷˣѸŲƣһɫâͶÿһâСͷӰͶһ
ת˲֮䣬СͷӰȻʮ
ٶȿ쵽һ̶ȣͨ˵۾ߵٶȣͻںĤ¼Ϊݵһ˲ӾǲӰ
ĸ֪ΪСͷٶٿҲǰʮζСͷõĸǲ񣬶ǻ
Ҳǻڹ
Цˣòȴز˹õǻڹ
ڹΣȥܵظ㰮ô¾ô°ɣ
ʮСͷͬʱһеĳʮ׹
ʮɱ󣡡
꣡
ʮĹֱÿһ˿ռԪڻĽʤʮֹ
СͷһóɱУһȻʵˣԪעаУа֮
¡
аӸ߶ѹԪͬˮһӿʮ׹⣬ȫӿȵԪ֮ϣϢ֮ɱ
ʲô
Сͷɫ䣬ʮɱѾʽǰһˣȻ׵Ľ
µܱһʵû뵽ôǿĳֵ߻ĹʤԼһаʽСͷôԾǸղţȫײɱԼĽ
ײƴľԪ̶ȣԪҪȡΪѹԼڣôܣ
һЦȻа֮Ǵսپ̸ź㻹ŷӶûȥڻ䣬;˵ǲڱ̸˴жϣһս㽫Ϊ˸ʹĴۣ
ߣſڿӣСͷᱻŵ͸֧һԪóǿʮɱһٻɱʱɫȴȻˣĳǹ֮ϣͻȻһƳɫĻ滹һСɫĸ롣
ںɫҹ֮У΢СĹâôĲۣȻǵһɲǣСͷһ˫ɿݵ۾ɵùԲ⡭ѵǡ
ܣǻ𾫣
Сͷɫ䣬޷Լжϣǹ΢Сĳɫиܵ˿ֲĻ֮
ܣ׻˫ϵƣʮƿ޴ƿ˻𾫣Ƭ½ϲˡ
Сͷ·ڴԼһ㣬ǳ鶯
Цˣһ죬Ծģתţ̸۾ϸǲɵķ


328 
֮ɢȥȲ磬صĸ룬ƿɫһȦһȦһ˾ŵ
Ϊ봦ȫֹ״̬֮Ҳڸ֮УСͷгʱԹ۲ÿһṹĸ֪ᱻ
ܵбѹ̶ֲȵ֮Сͷ촽ڳ鶯ţ⡭ǡ
Сͷû飬Ϊһڵӣǵĵ˾ϵߣ׵֮Կƻ͹а֮һ棬СͷȻĶٵ伮
ǰ룬֮ϢЩ֮˿·ÿһ˿ʶ
ʶ׵磬Ϣеı־
Ȼ𾫸ϡٵ飬һ˽Ʒ鶼ޱȣ˽Ʒ飬ֵ
ۿǿֲǿȣԲֹ˽Ʒѵ˽Ʒô
Сͷ޷һڵߣôյҪֲյ˽Ʒ飿
˵֣Ҳ޷ģ飬ֻܸջҪԼġ
ңǰСӲ飬һö𾫣
һöؽƷ𾫣ټһö˽Ʒ飡
ʮܹӵе
Сͷˣǰаĺܣֱһеħ
̲ס⣬һֱû¶ԭòթݣҲû¶˿Ϊһ򲻹ܡ
Ϊ֮ͨĻڵӣֻҪӳԪΧͿ׵Ǳҹɫ֮У
˲ˣȻȾ͵ھ룬Ǳ翵쾳磬ǱסСҪ
СͷϧԼģͶŷڿ˼ͻҲΪ˶ٰʮꡣ
һСͷĳһ飬ڵСһӳȥըͻըᣬͿʩչܡ
ȻҪӳʱǹȴҫ۵Ϲҵĳף·ҹ֮ƾһϺɫ̫
׻ཻ
Ȼһǹ̳֮һ̷·ʧˣΧĿռ䶼·Ťˡ
Сͷ֮ɫ׻˫ع
ѾˣСͷһҧ͸֧Լƴ߶Ԫʮɱ󣡣
ʮСͷǿһУһóڶʱޱȣײʹãڣȴѡҫ׻֮һǹֲ̫ˡ
䣡
ǹâ뽣ײһڿֲԪ֮УͬƬһ׷ױ飡
ʲô
СͷϵһĿֲҲû뵽Լ͸֧óǿУȻ׵ıˣ


ɣǳǽ޳֮УڵĻѾɱһǧͷˣ޵ѪȾߴƬء
ÿһնʮÿһͷ޵һɱʮͷҪǻΧ޶ɱûʣͷˣֻɱøࡣ
ޣڻǰֽͬһһҪͣ١
ļޣҲڻ֧ʮϢʱѣ֮ǰͷ׾Χ꣬һնɱ
Ǻεȿֲ
ׯɽ˷׷׸̾ʵ̫ǿˡ
̤ڵׯɽˣͨʿ͸Ϊ֮ˣ˵ֱսһˡ
ָоڵʱֻһŵӣʮͻƺ죬ɼֻһ㣬ͷ̫ѹţĴڸк
ôС͸ݣڣôǰչ֣һԾΪȫǣͷΪ泩ƺԪתƺͨһЩ
ˣҪǣۿҪ²λʦõķģֻҪõ㹻쵤쾳
ǳлϺħҪڣԼôᣬһö쵤δܵõ
ԽɱԽ˷ܣ֮ǰһγսǺϣսĹܳĸá
ʱͻȻһ죬ƽ˾ףȻתͷֻԶ޳ͷĵطɫ׹ֱгڣ·ٽһ㣡
ţô£
һ£ȻԶǸܵǱը̺Ŀֲ
ϵ۷ֺͻϵ۷ֵĴ򶷣
̫ܣСطôѡ￪ս
ԥҪҪȥһ£ʱĸоȴͻȻжˣ·ʲôסƵġ
ûˣ
ʦ֣ղʲôߴ˰ŮԪ
һ𾪵ı飬ò˵Ӧһ׶ѡ
ף
šƽķֲֿ֮ܳڴˣһת۾ʧӦһΪ档
ʦ֡㿴ϡ
ţ
̧ͷһԺʱôһź飬ͷϣ̴СµҫҹƣȺǵ㣬ôܴף

ʮ֮⣬һӳŽڵϣһͷ·ûˣѣؿڣѪ졣
ӣǱ䣬ղűӿеʱĻѾԶͷԭӡ
һ̣óһŷı飬ھʧȥսˣһ³֪
̸Ϊղŵһ͸֧ȫԪĻҲ޷֧ˣǾ¶ԭˣ˵ı䣬ЦЦ˵š
ûó׻ɱֻó׻ɱĳɵ
ɽһµĿػ֮յļɡ
׻ɱĴ󣬶ڵΪͬʱƿصؽƷ׺˽Ʒĵĳ׺޿ܡ
óȻʹ׻ɱ˵ƿزԼҲȥըˡ
㡭䲻ŵĿʵӵеĶȫⷶΧһʮܹӵеġ
ͻȻЦЦ޼ɵ
Ϊ϶ɱˣȷʵĶ֣ߣҲңϵ˽ƷİɣɢȥûжֶȤϹһ˿ԵаЦ
ޱűĻÿɷ
ƽʱ˶ȤҲ˸Ҷ㣬ڡ˵ϺħϿս˻ҵ£ȷʼ˱ô
̫ˣţʵҳΪɱˣҼȻҳɱ㣬ȻбֶΣ㡭ң
ô΢΢̣¶һζЦݡ


329 ·
ô΢΢̣¶һζЦݡ
ЦݣĪһСӣʲô֣
ϧԼͨܵһڱһóαװݵš
ԼֶʮţǿߣĶİ벽֣аӵ
㻹ôţ԰ɣܲң
˵ţͻȻһɫ˲ޱȲ԰ף֮һѪ䵽ܣıɲǼ仯һѪӰͬһֱȥٶȿ쵽˲˼ĳ̶ȣ
Ѫ
ΪóĻѪʹóڶʱڽٶʮֹٶȣȫ׷Ҳδ׷ϣ
ҲǱŵԭ򣬵Ȼļٶֻάһʱ䣬Ѿ㹻˦κһ֣һȫĵطˡ
ʹûѪĺ֢ʩڰ֮ڶԻָ۷״̬ҲȲѣóһ
ӣ
ЦһûκιʵҲˣʵ̫ˡ
ХͬѪɫһֱʡ

ֻһ죬仯ɵѪӰصײڿռһϣɲǼ䣬Ѫⱬ飬Ѫ䣡
һĻͬһ÷ѱþȫˤ˲ϣֱϡˡ
ռĻ͵ػζһ£󡭡ѾѪģı䣬ͬһ̯һһϣӿлĻ
ʼգһδ
Ѫͷײ˲֪ٸҡҡ
һ죬ѪĲƬʹڲҪǮƵӿ
ΡΡѾ۵ĸ첲ѪϾǲʺͲŵɫ
̸͸֧ļٶȣȴݺݵײһ¿Ľϣײǽɱģû뵽ҲС̵˵ţ㱻ñȥ
ڸղһ׻ɱܲһ֮磬ֽ磬˵ֲֻܻƣںͽһϢ̸ǻŲ·ˣв˽綼ûвô
ԱΪȫĽ䱸ĻڷֲΧֻ˵ŵˣš
ᡭ硭촽ţǹԽԽɫ԰ޱȣԽˣٽʱԽǿ־塣Ҫɱң˹丮ĸôʦ㽫ҪʳƵ۵ֵΪһСʦ
΢΢һ㵣̲סЦǵЦˣҵʦҼ޳ܵˣûô޳ܵģ㵱ûƭʱ򣬿ҿѧ
ҴˣҹϣŹңҰָ֤ŷӣȫ˵ڵݣֻҪ֤ŷ뺦㣬ʷԻԸŷӣɱ֮ǰͻȻ࣬ץסһݡ
ֻǸСŷӲвڱ俴ڶʱʵŷӸܡ
ָŷӣ΢΢ӡ
ǰǰֻҪָû֤ݣʷĻɣֻҪˣͻ˼ŷӵжʱ򡭡
·ˮץסһľԽ˵Խ˷ܣŵֱӣʱһǹ˲̴˱ʺ
ǹǹգһ˲ɣ·ʲôûǱĲȴһɺĿѪ
˫ĿʧȥɣãȻŻ֣ƺҪץסʲôΪΪʲôΪ˺ѣȫ˻ơ
Ǹ޷㣬Ҫǡ첻ɱ㣬ͷͨǹޱ˵
ͷͨΪʵЦջĵȥ
Ȼ֪ձ˵Լȷʵ߰˳ɰսŷӴΣǱˣгʮģΪһЩǱڵΣգܱ乶䡣
ָ֤ŷӵĻҲ֮ģȷϲºɱһСЭ
ңлһļƻɱŷӣ֤Լеһ²⡣
һ۱ʬ壬ֽóһذףľѪħһ£ʧƺӵڶοħ֮ħƺͶԺֵľѪʧȥȤ
ɱĵڶ֣侫Ѫ֤ʵħЧ
ҵĲ²⿴ûˣǲֵ֪ľѪܲٶȿħġ
ɱŷӣȡ侫Ѫٶȿħ
ļƻ
ħĶַֺ֮УǵͬһĴڣħܶҪĶôֵľѪ
ֻ֮ѪǵȼľѪܹħȤɣ
ǵã֮Ѫʱ򣬱Ϊıǽ֮ѪԼڣΪˣա
֮Ѫһ壬ħͷǿҵ궯Щ֮Ѫ϶ˡ
֮Ѫڼɵʱ򣬻Ų·Ըѡںϡ
һʷ֮ħȻֹͣ˶֮Ѫգٽ֮Ѫںϡ
Ϊһ㣬óһۣħԣһ
һбһ²⣬ħҪģǺֵ֣֣ľѪЩѪϣҪǸǿߵľѪܡ
պֵľѪֻΪ˸ԼһźšҪѪ
վѪΪʲô
ܾãħıЩа
һɵ˶ܵ꣬һľ޴ѣԼϣֿʼѪ
ɻ꣡
Ѫ
ⶼħеĶĪħˣԭһħ
ħƣκֻҪǿֻҪԼıģʹá
Ҳûʲô˱ʬ壬ѸٷؾӪǰߡ
һ·Ϯȴ֣޳ûݻ˼ԽԽңеĸߵȼԽԽ࣡
ļޣͷüļԽԽ࣬ȥδز弶ޣ
ҪԸ弶Ҳʮѣ
е鷳ˡɫ
ⲻ뷨Ҳɣи߲뷨ϵһ޳ҪȰĿֲ࣬ԽԽ糱ˮһĳ֣ǵľѾˡ
⻹ΪлڳţڿѾƳˡ
ǶҪˣȥĶˣؼʱָϣһˣ
ƽװģţڳУΨһһ֪ڵˣзǳż֪ɹɱûУɹˣôסɣǻҪ


330 ӵĸо
ƽ̣ɽɫÿˣƽʲô˼ѵûгȥɱУ
ҿûô˵ֻ֪һʼһ·ȥӰˣλͣǵľ󣬿Ѿˡ
ƽ˵ЩĵĿʯֿһۣʯֿѻߣҪƽһֺû꣬ϹϾģɣǣⳡս֪ʲôӡ
ʯֿʱմսϢƽĻɫǵһ죬ģʲô˼
ôʯõλʹӮ
ʯֿһͣȴ޻˵ˣĸ֣ͱɱ仨ˮˡ
˵䣬ǻ꾹Ȼͬͷļ޽ˡ
ƥ˫ͷǣóٶȵļޣһһҼй꣬ȻҲȫǻĶֻ֣Ǽȥһƥ˫ͷѾѪ֮С

ɽҲǲòϣȷʵǿ漤սôãնɱǧͷޣҲԪá
ׯʯֿˣղųȥɱһӵĹ򣬾ѾԪľò˵ӪлָԪ
ɱ޼ͷ˼ҵͷʵ̫ˡ
ɽĿӻ뿪תʱʧĵطģȥĶˣô̵ʱȥˣѶҸղŻһףôʵҹôף
ɽӣׯһ˵֣ģӦûµġׯҺּΪϵĺ˴˵Ĺϵǲġ
Ӣ۵ʵʲôõĵģͬʱͷļޣӢ۲УҲȻȫˣӢ۵ٶȣ޿öࡣʯֿҲʲôΣա
˵ۣƽЦļޣļ޵ͬʱٱһ͵Ϯأ
СͷʵǴﵽ˺ڣŸֲ٣Сͷγǣ
Сͷͨ͵Ϯ֮ɱڣҾ͵ϮʵҲ뵲סһ
ȻСͷӴʱ䲻ƽȴܸоСͷһȵˣ˵˾ǵӲСͷ˵߰˳ɰգô벻ʧ֣
뵽ҹͿƽоͼޱȣŰɣϼĺ˵ͷˣֻҪһʮӵǻټһŮʮʺҾͻһԾΪ˹ǰĳ壬ּȴҪʹ˳Ϊʷˣ
ҵǰƽЩˣ̲סֻ˵ٶȵȻ죬սϵ˵׼вأҲΪ棬࣬ûģһʲô£Ҳɽи׼
ɽдŭҪͻȻһصƾ𣬷·˶һһ㣬ƽȫɫ԰ףѪһӿЩˡ
ǱǸʧˡ
ھӪ֮УƾճһӰֳɫǹ
ƽһ˲䣬ɫҰף
ܣѵСͷûг֣
˵Сͷɱˣ
ԲܣСͷʵﵽ˺ڣͬߣһ˵ܴСͷҲһ˶ûС
СͷȥĶˣ˼Ѿµʲô
ƽֵı飬ЦЦ˵ƽܽţôұ޻ô
ƺɱЦݣƽз֮ǰһֱһƽƽ󣬿޺ܺ۸ӣӡɣǳʮʱѾˣһʱת䡣
Ȼƽ֪˵ãСͷǱʶΪѾǰˣ϶һ£ʵû¹
ڣĿ⣬ƽֻԼ·𱻴͸һ㣬һεѹѹϣ亹죡
ʱźȻ֣ǰѾ֮ǰǸɬˣһƿط֡
ƽǿЦһ£˵ЦˣƽȻޱȣڣסɣǻġ
Ŷ𣿺ǺǡЦţЦȴƽеǵɭʵѹ
侲侲
ƽԼ˵ţСͷ͵ϮʧˣҲδ֪Լ˵ϵֻǲ²ѣû֤ݵġ
ƽοԼȴûʶ߲ʶ֤ݡ򡢷ֶֻݶԵȵ໥ߵʱԵ壬ͨ˿ͨˣŸߵȼ߿ߵȼߡ
ݲ༫ˣƽͲҪ֤ݣĻͻΪ֤ݣͻΪ
ʱһͻȻλСŮˡ
תͷһڵİŮ
ɣԡ֮ѾһɾѩȹԿɵȹ֮£Ů֣ĵĲüͻŮȵ֫ͤͤ˼

ܺãһµƻеİƺûˡ
ʮ˾۷ţûнƻôߣ
̽飬ֻòԵĴ˸кԭһᡣ
ǳЦ˵ղƺڶϷոһף֪û
ʻʱһ˫תȻƻʱûȥȣȴ˵Ĳٴţʮߣȴѹ۷Ϊڶţݴһϵߣ֮϶ȼߣƿһ
ǰ꣬ҲͿȥԼ࣬˵ʮҲΪΪڣȵһǽͻ˵ĻҲǺϡ
ɱĲһ룬ѵղǵֲģȵϯӣ˵ƻΨһ
һУ˴˵ʮƷŵĵһţ⾳̫˰ɡ
ûб̫ϣֻϣôһ߿ܣĻҲԸ뵽ԼЦԵѺһЩֻδЩ飬Щɬ
ЦݣɻӡŮһֱģҲ⣬˭ǰˣ¶ˣôԼȴЦôá
˵ͷ˵ȷʵˣôΪ챦
˵Ĺս֮ϣʹһ׻Ľýڶͷ˫ͷɱϵʿĻ֮
ָоСڳһֱûʲôڸУ˵ܵĻȲˡ
ڴĻͷһ۾Ӫ֮У뿴СʦûڹעԼһնɱļ޾˲䣬ȻһȴÿվߣϹŲ΢Ц̸ûԼһۡ


331 
һĻжʱŭգ
Ϊű緢⼸Цݶ٣ֺٰãչ˵΢ŮҲٻзӦǰʱ˵һӡ
ڣȻЦһǶһµꡣ
ûܵˣ
ô࣬һ·ۣܿػ΢ֻΪļ仰СֻǻＸ䣬ðŮЦôģ
ζըˡ
ȻΪֻΪڻĹ
ȻڰŮûзκʵԵĽչѾŮΪⲻǳһڶʮѹģŮһ΢ǿռΪŮϴŵĶö쵤ϣڣ
ģսɱУС־ͰˣȻں湴ӵŮˣ
ŭо˵ɵˣɱ޾ȵСӵĳУ˼Ҳ֣ں湴Ůˣһ̣ɱ˼УͶ̬Ȳͬһ̺Ūʲȥ
Сӣţ
תɻؾӪ֮С

ھӪ֮У̸֪ϢͲǺܶ࣬򵥵ò˼䣬ûŪǰ굽ǲȵ
²ֱʣԼǴĳĿĹ׽ӡһˣױ˼ӡ
Լݲ࣬˵ѾˣҲǲ̫Զ
ݴŵس̫ܴﵽһҲǸڣһڡ
ûбţǾҲ
֮ǰۿڱѪϴͬһȥʦǰԸֳޣ̹Ǵģ
ǸʱޱȵĺԼСǰֱͬһ
У˶ǿҿгһڶɱϺħ򣬵ħͷа飬ΪڱΪʦڶȥͬѩޣ
ȻڣϴʦǰԴϣӳڣȴãˣŽӴԼϴŵĹԴ
ȻŽӴʵѽ˵ͻˡ
ʱ뵽һȥš˵
˵оųΪŮԣƷпڱԲиƣжУԴḻܼ˵Ȼõѡˡ
ǣƷе׵ڻһһţȥƷ˵ǾǺһˣȥҽȥˣҲһŵӣܽӴĹװ˷һ
£ãˡ
ֱڣһˡ
֪˵ӣ˵ʥŮǧһЩΪ֪Ĺϵ
ǧǺε
˵δƶˣʮ̤ţ֮ھͻĳ֡
ʮŵνǣǧǰֱһЦ
ǧΪ˵仰ֻһᣬܴŵΪŵӣһ֮ȴǧ˵ĵҩԪʯԴֻ˵ĹС
ƾЩĹͻ޿ܣ
ȻҲǿտڰװæֻƼˮ꣬˼ƾʲôԼ
뷨ǣȸʶùϵȻʵʱóһЩڵԴΪܰԼһѡ
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֮Ǽöɨһۣʱһ㶣ţȻһöؽƷĸط
һŵĺط϶Ϊдеģ˵ġȸ¼ϻڵġϻ񹦡ûƷġ
һЩȥطƷһ׵ؽƷĹֵڶĵؽƷ
ġȭֻǲȱĵؽ似漰ԭѾ൱ˡؽƷĸطȻֵһ㣬ö쵤Ҳ´ࡣ
䣬Ŵﵽ۷֮طö쵤ͻ죡ôҰġ
û뵽ô˽ôĶ
ɨһ۹ݣʱд󶯣һ֮
޹ֱ֮˳ɫ


336 ֮
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ο̫һ͸֪Զ߳ɫֻ⣬֪һ£ҲԱҲȫΪ
Ϊڻڣڵ˶ᡣ
룬ڻϣΪںĵӵıͥʹʱһԼƣڵӣԲܸҲ̫ˡ
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Ǵȵ̤۷֮󣬵һʱ佫طȣһ쵤Լ˵׼ıˡ
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ݺܼ򵥣֪峿֮ǰԴһڸִֵɣǣͬеĻľ
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˵ôΪ˻飬Ƿǳм
ٸ쵤ӦѾˣӦûûüȥö쵤ٱչһʱ䣬ͻĿԼһٸҲΪһȳˡ򶨣
ˣЩڲع˼ˣһЩСˡ
ţӰӪ֮ƾʧˡ

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һѾˣŷĸѾˣɱˣ
ǿһųĺڸְȻɱˣ
ƽֶЩԱ߾ͷıѽȴְܸȫС
ڴ֮ǰһֱ˵˹ҪȣǶƽ˵ȱϾңԶ飬жֲµӵʵжǿƽûѵʶ
һиֳټϾеڶ֣ûǱʶﻹһײ˴˵СëӣųɱԴҡ
ڿ뷨ǶôĿЦҹһǹɱСɽһ֮ʱɢͬħһƣƽεѡ
֮ǰҪɱģȻôһֲĶħ
ڣֻҪǿһۣƽͻܵηѹȸУһȫڱϵĸо
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Ӧòµģֻǻңû֤ݣҾӻҪָӣҪɱңضĴҡ
ƽİοԼڴ֮ǰѾһΪܵΪԼѵ˵ǡ
Ȼָȫţƽ϶Ҳֻǲ²Լûκƾ֤ԼȻǸˣϾɣؾͳ˧ʱ޳ǰܲ˵ɱɱˡ
ţƽ˶ϭĵʡ
ԽӸλˣԽ̰Ȩʧȥƽʮ꣬ʵͻڣŴõǰ̣Լܡ
һܲ
һֻΪʼЩб
ʱһͬһͻأ𣬡䣿

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֡ƽɣɫɷףǿǿװ򶨵˵֡ҹãʧԶӭ
ϣƽ˵ƽҪϷˣ㣬ŷɣһ˼ˣ
ŷŷӣȳŷˣ֡Сô֪ŷ˵飿ƽһ˿ɬЦݡ
𣿡ЦһҲûָƽ֪ŷӲõ֣ôһָһָ˸ȥˡ
ƽһɫ׼ҿѵ˵ǻһ䶼û˵ȡȵȣҡ
ۣ
һϹֱӶƽĺƽƴžֵ۾·𲻸ʵ
ѣѪ磬ƽͽ͵İסԼĲӣ·뽫ѪסƵġ
ôҲû뵽ԼΪɣǾ˹һӾߣɣҾصڣȴжûУô̡
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ƽڣֻΪƽɣһؾľ޳ǰɱ˧ڣϸϵֽƽҲûˡ
ξֻǲþʿ֪Ĳȶѣֻգϵ´󼪡
õĳ׽ƽʬ廯ΪҽصԼӪ̷һЩҩϢĵ
Ȼҹȴƺעһƽҹ
֮ϢɣؾӪ֮⣬Ǳҹɫ֮С
𣿡һŶҵѹʵסò¶һ˫̰â۾
ҵô࣬ҵ˰
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337 
ҶԽĸӦӦûģûгᡣУһİСò˻صԵƣһ˫С۾עԶľӪĿ˸
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ȿȡһһźɫһ߿ţһߵ˵ͷɫЩȻɫȻˡ
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֮⣬һãǾǱⷲѣ»ڣΪڵӣȵĵؽɱһ֪ҲǼΪ鷳顣
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ڣһڸ׷۸ڶʦ·ţһǱ泩ޱȣһʱĴЦ
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ǾʱͻȻ˴ſǻԪֹӾңңϴڵܣңͬܣ


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ʹ׻ɱǿ״̬һ־ͻĵԪһУô޷֮
Һ߻һڸ֣֮⣬һڸڿƷ
֣ڡڡ۷һӦȫݣԲС
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ͻȻһ߿ĵڽ񸽽ʮӪϤɣ
ȻڽϵȴһİСӣٺЦţŽƽȥϹȥȴǱġ
Žƽȥɫɷףô
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ۣ
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ɫԪײϤ飬ǧֱǹâصĴ˻ƽؿڡ
ۣ
ոջսⲪһĻƽعǱ飬ſ۵³ڵѪƬڵһ㵹ɳȥ


339 ʱ
ƽش۾˲ˣ󱲣ɱ㣡
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аһ²࣬Ҳչ˹ȥȴӵȻǲ˵ģҪȻǿƻҲҪͣһֽš
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߿쳹֮䣬ʯ
ĿɿڴУһ̤ϷԵıſĳͬһȼŻĳֱ֮죡
Ѿ˵ˣھͲڳ޼ʵıƬϣŶ߷Х絶̲һ㣬ƾ޵ٶˡ
ǡֹӵ
ѵǡԣ
ղŲִ֮Уûϸ޵һ룬ȴȻڵ伮֮пԵļأֵȽ߳ʮķԣ֮൱֣
ſԣȻվԼǰһĮӣվǲ֪οˡ
˵ʲôͻȻתͷ


340 ɽ·
ֹӡҡſڣ˵ʲôһſȴֲ֪˵ʲô룬˵ֹӡ
ʳ仰еΣŵ⣬ʵЩûһ˼
ͷţгס
ƯķԣҲǵһμǰֻڵ伮Ͽ￴ŷԻɫĳһǳϲӡ
ֳĻɫȷʵƯ
˵ӦѪܹ֮ȵǿߣһ˫ŷԱϺ
ǣڳ׻ڣʵҲǺڣڵӡղžʱûҹĽзԣ·Աӻ˳ԷԵʵҪƿҲǲ׵ġ
ˣֹӣôģͻȻʶ⣬ղŽһϵв˼飬Щ漰ܣҲöʡ
赭дĽ͵ֻǷǳҵʦɶԶһ
һ˵ַΧ󷨣ҪΪ丮ɱߴֲֳõģ˱ͲڳΪҲߣǿ󷨣ȻǴֲڲ
̳һλʦܵļƬɽָ˳Ķദ©֮̽һµʱ䡣
⣬ȻԶǻЩСԶܹģҲǻ治٣𽥽ܴ½ϵ
ڵȻֲ󣬵Ƕ⣬Ѿﵽһߵĳ̶ȣϾܴ½󷨵ۺͨġ
ղ֮ǰʱѾ̽ϸоĽṹҵеһܵʱ˳
ִ֮У˽Ҳûκͣٵ
赭дĽֻͣܿЦѣ⻹ֻǡԶһ
Ȼûʲô裬Ҳڲµ󷨱Ĵȥɡ
ֻ˵ˮƽȫһˣ޷ʮͣΪȡ˾˵ĳɼͬʱ֮ͨݹ۹Ž֮ˣһǽʮˣ
ֻܸп츳Ѿȫܹˡ
ʱͻȻһԼԼĵһݣͷһֻ֮£īɫҹվͷȻһɫİߵ㣬Լٶֱ׷
пһ£ֹӣ׷ˣ
ţ֪ûлͷڽ˶ߵʱ򣬾Ѿϵˡ
ķٶȱͨҲӵʥѪѪ׷ݵ
ȻԱѪҪܶ࣬ǱˣµķԻûгֻ꣬ȴֵ׳ꡣ
һٶϺƿԡ
ֹӣô죿Ѿϰղŷһϵ飬ĸоں£а취ġ
˵ĻشܹҪ뿪ɣǵķΧɣǡ
ֻҪԺͽٶǾͺðˣפλѾԶˣֻҪôȷפأȥԷԵٶȣҲǼʱ顣
ס֮ôһжˡ
ɾʱľ˵ֹӣˣǵٶͻȻӿࡣ
ţתһȻԭߵĽӰһЩȻԶúƺһĨĺɫ
ǽѨַָ֣߳׶ӣ̼ǱܣͻƼٶȡҧгݵ˵к޼ַԽ񽫻ɲˣɵþˣľ
Ȼ䵽ⲽأΪԭ򣬿ǽԭûпǣıܣûκιҪֻֻܹƽ̡̫
ٶԽԽ죬ת֮䣬ľ뱻һ룬ĿڽᱳϣƽѪӡ
ƽΪֻ۷壬һɱʽһ£ֻǽƽˡ
ڻƽ̷ҩ֮ѹദѣҲˡ
ôصˣȻ²мӰպΪ㹻Դµʱˣôʱ䲻Է˵Ȼһʧڻƽֻȥ˵书ĥܣٽ衣
Ҳֻͷ֮ޡ
ΪŭǣԪƽƺһѪֽȡһöҩȥ԰С˵ٿ𣿡
ļֵץס˵Ȼֵһᣬ˹ȵĵؽ磬׷֧ԮǾ鷳ˡ
ˣٴһĻŲסˡСһɭɭ׶ӣ£񱳼һѪɫ⣬ɫëֱ΢΢Ĳš
ƽüǰһƬɽǾ֧ԮҲô죬ǻԾɽ֮ǰ׷ȥܲġ˸źâҲǺ޼
壬С˭֪ôƽʵ
֪ҡҡͷΪƺûڣӦĳŵŵӰɣҶǵؽţԽˣԽܷŹˣպûǵ֮ˡ
ֵ˵ǵѾô˳ȥѾǹעһˣֻܳɹʧܣ֮ԴǾ뿪ݣƾڵԴ¿һ
ţоѪҺٵļӿˣԼһɣԼţǶô˼顣

ХѾŷ˴ɽϿգλ˹ڵһƬɽƽʱ̡
ԽԽôȥðʱ䣬ͻᱻ׷ˡ
վۼŽԽ׷ԽǽΣһۣ鸴ӵ˵ԲҺ㡣
ûʲôԲҵģ󣬾ԼµģǸȡ衣
Ŷҧ촽̾һȻжеΣƽ˵ȡĻĪЩܣָоԼÿЦͷҲֻ֮ʱҪһЩο壬Ǳʶﲻͬľ泶Ϲϵɡ
ţԳҡҡͷ


341 龧Ѫ
Ȼע⵽ʱСŮ˼ڿ˼֮ơ
һ׷ϣˣԼһڸֺһ۷ֵΧҲ׶༪١
ڹʲôģȵܹ񣬶ԷҲܹķˣһֱ֮ȶԹĻҲ䡣
ôڶƺǱˡ
侲侲г·ġȫɣʼû˼һܵѷһ
ƺֻһ·ˡ
ѡһ·ĻȴҲ֣һСľٲ
һܿ;ˣ֮·Ͱķգǧǧ磬ܴ½λ治֪ж٣ţ̤۷ȴ޼дԵˣգҪ̤۷Ҳǳ˵Ρ
¶ĺҧܹҼǵ֮ǰ˵ħ龧һõʮţʮţֽоһţǰɣ
ǡǵġһ£æͷ
ңħ龧ʲôͳ٣Ѿ׷ʮ֮ڵĻ˻Ȼˡ
ﲻ֪ʱô˼ȥǿٵĽ͵һǧǰħʥսСħ۳ǣڤ۱նɱڤǸħսʱڽɵħıһλ߻飬һħƬʱõˣصУһħƬƳʮħ龧龧ÿһŶ̺ӴļƷʥҩȡһţҩԼľѨ֮УͿֳ
ֳ˵ΪһǧȴԽԽû䣿ʳһĵط
ǧ֮ǰħʥսȻջħ龧Ҳʧ˴ĸ֣Ҳˣ֮δݺˡڵĹбͲ̫ãЩһֱµڣҲǶħ龧ġ
ԭˣҶˣһ⣬ղ˵ʹħ龧Ҫҩôҩʲô
ǷߵľѪֻҪԼľѪħ龧Ȼ̷ֱڼɡٺܿ죬˵䣬Ѿ׷֮ˣĻͽԶ̽ĹΧˡ
ˣֽħ龧أøҡͻȻɡ
ҧҧ촽ȻʱҲûʲôԥˡ
ɿֽȡһ͸ˮƿˮƿ֮УȻһˮСĺɫξ壬ħ龧
ӹˮƿ۾΢΢һУôСһźɫ壬ȴɢһɹϡçϢΪ֮ļ¡
ƾϢܴ¸оԾԹʵ
ʱ͵ʶʲôٵ˵ֹӣ㲻ħ龧Ļսɣ⡭Բеģ
Ϊʲô̧ͷһۡ
ＱֹӣҩǸַõģֹڣȥᱬģң̷ҩҲҪһʹ̣ڼ䲻ԼİʵΪԪңսȫ޵ģ
֪ɫӦ˵һУûгϣʵϣֱܹΪĵҩҩħ龧Ҳ࣬쵤Ҳˡ
ԽǼƷĵҩ̺ԽӴҪշЩȻҪһԪҩеʱսᾡʧֵҩʱ򣬱Ҫҵһȫĵط
߻ѡ˴ŵıչнУһŵù˻
Ȼ߱ȴԴ

壬ħ龧ˣȻˣľ룬ԻƽѾܹĿˮƿеĶʲô
Ҳüģħ龧ֻҪͲԡ
˿ħ龧ԵֻǵٵӿٶȣЩ䡣
ǡСҧֳһ׶ӣ̽˽ļǣʹ˻һϱŷŨѪ
Сӣ
кһĿڼ֮⣬пԼ󣬽ѪˮƿС
壬СԼ֪סħ龧ˣҪٵƽ۾ˣħ龧Ҫ̷ߵľѪΪҩ˱˵ľѪħ龧ͷһˡ
Ȼһڵħ龧һҪȥСӵ书ǧУһһĥƽҧгݵ˵

ԼѪˮƿ֮УѪҺħ龧ӴһѪҺʱˡ

Ѫħ龧ʼڻˣۿħ龧ѪҺںϣճΪһСƿҺ塣
վˣȥ
䣬Էһ˻ŹĴɽֱȥ

ͣȷԻҪԶԶĿȥͬһֻɱһһ㡣
ʱľˮȡֽеξ֮飬Ļˡ
ڷԵִһ˲䣬Աͬʱξ֮׳
ξ緢

糹׸͵ظеΧĻƺ΢ı仯ǡ
磬Ա֤Ƕʱİȫƽ˵
ξ֮鴴ξ磬޷ƣȻԵס˵Ĺ
ξ޷һֱȥֻҪǽȻҪξ֮һγϣҲֻܽάְʱ䣬Ļֻܳĸʱ
ĸʱʱ䡣
׷ĻƽˣĿƾʧˣʱЩɵˣôãأ
ߣ۷ѣСĿԸ֪һ£׵ķ˸һЩѰԪʵξס

ǰһƬյأ֪ɢȥоһεĽ磬γһĿռ䡣
ԭ⡣ƽǷһ˿ЦҲо˽Ĵڣǻþ磬Ҫɳô
ûй֣ܳͻȻѻܡ
֮У˵ǲҲһ
Ϊӿȥʮ꣬üëһбб˰̣һѺ󱳿ն磡
һʹ߰˳ɵһɫİεХصնڽ֮ϡ
䣡
ѣֻ΢΢һ£û˿ˡ
ţ
һ£Ҳ΢΢üǿȳ

ʱڽ֮Уһʯ֮ϣԽ͵ĹȻóԼѪڻ˵ħ龧ɫЩ׵˵ΪһھͿʼ̷ħ龧


342 Ϊ
㡭ҪŽıħ龧סˣֱһޱȷ뷨
˵ħ龧ʥҩˣ쵤ȴһĵҩһ̷֮ǰҲҪԡ㣬ȻԼھ֮У¸ַ󣬽԰˴ŵ״̬Ż˹ȥ̷
Ⱥǻŵ£Ĺϣ粻ͣĲ涼𶯣֪ʲôʱľ£Ϊ̷ֲħ龧
Ƿˣ
ֹӣôУɱд󼱡
֮ûиõİ취ָһھǣ£ˮƿеĺɫҺ˺ɫԲ
γ֪ķ
ħ龧˵һȫİҩȥȫ
Ҳܲסϴ񣬱
ˣξֻּܼʱԼڼʱ֮ڽҩȫյָս״̬ôһҪ
䣡
һ촫ֲıըڽ֮𣬵Ȼڳˣڽ֮ڣĿ˵һһѹȸоͺñһ˸һʱĲһͷͻһ㡣
һֻ¸Ծ˹һŪþͿ߻ħ
ȴҪԽյħ龧Ҫڼʱ֮ڻָս
ǰɢŹӲçϢĺɫҺ壬һҺһΪһƮ
ֻǱɫҺ忿ѾоѪķ·ܵĳǿҵٻƵġ
аħѪ
ǰ·ΣֻšΪ
ݣ
Ѫڻ˵İħ龧ĿС
ɫҺһڣһ֮ʱǻѪζ
˫ۣжʶ˿⣬һʱ֮䣬Ǵص𶯻Ǳըľ춼޹ˡ
Ȼֿ״̬άʮϢʱ䣬㱻ӿľʹˡ
𣡡
ߣһʯħͬһը죬ֱ˫ǿѪ
⡭ʲô
д󾪣ĸоħ龧Һ֮У̺һӴֲ־ǵأڱɽ󺣡
ڤĲ
ͷոðֻôһ
䣡
ʶȻؾ֮Ժ֮гĳƬÿһݳʵޱȡ
ĶħӾ֮г㣬ƤһĻɫϲŴִ
𡪡
һħеĶħɱʱԼȴҲ·ΪһϹħͷ췢ֳֿɽ󸫣ն
Ǵ󸫸һɳۣͷߣѪɢһ֮ļ¡
ɱɱɱ
Ϲħ󸫣гĶħȫһն飡
һ˲䣬֫ɣѪ䡣
ϹħÿɱһħҪѪѪĶħ˫ĿʧȫޣȻǵĶħǵسɱ
ħѪȾ˳졣
ħѵڤۣ
һǿҵĸоǰһвǴĻ󣬶ʵʵķĴڤۼеĶ
ôЩħʲôģһսıʲô˭˭а

֮䣬Ȼڤ۵ĿЦ׳ç쳹
һƲ񷣬ص־纣Хһ㱬
޸ָ죬̤أϵ£ΨҶ
䡪
ħսȻ飬ֻԼľ֮·ɲǱ飬͵˫ۣȴԼѾ飬Ѫ
ǰѾѪɫʧ֪Ǻˣ۾ϲ˵ֹӣֹӡ
ſ˵ʲôһ죬һѪð˳ħ龧İԵ̺֮˿ֲͬʱ̺ڤ۵Ĳдʶ
ħ龧Ҫͬʱʶ˫شݻ٣
ڽ֮⣬˻ڹξԽԽ֮ʯͱ
ȻЩȴû˼ȥ˼ˣȫͬǧѵʣʹ־ҲԵֵ
Ų˵ͷ
ͬһϺһڵϣݶҧüѡ
䣡
ʶٴңڤ۵Ĳдʶ糱ˮһӿľ֮Ҫ٣
һߣܵĥ£оŲ˵ʱ򣬾ϵķޱȴħ龧еĲʶһ壬пܾʹ˳Ϊ׳ա
۷ҲԳܲס˫شħ龧ֻΪһ̶ȵֲǿá
Ϊֻڣʱڤ۵־뾫֮־ǿҲͷѣ˫Ѫ
䣡䣡䣡䡭
ڶ̶̵Ϣʱڣдʶ֪˶ٴΣľ֮о죬Ȼվǿˣ
ڤ۵Ĳдʶ̷ħ龧ѿȥһأǶ˵ȴоա
Ͼڴ֮ǰɹܵļƬڤǿҲûпɱԡ
ҧԼʶ꣬Ӳĥڤ۵ʶҪħ龧еҪڤ۵Ĳдʶ
ʶ֮ĥľʹ޷ͺñѪģ˿ڣɰֽϴĥһ㡣
˺ѵʹܼ࣬ƬʱҲûоôǿҵʹ࣬Ͼֻ꣬ʶֻ걾ܡڤȴĲʶҪأĲд־Ĩȥ׵顣
ʱһһţѪڵϣµʯѾѪȾ죬֮Ѫ֮ȳǿ̫࣬ѾΪʧѪˡ
ھ˳ʱļʹ֮Ӳĥڤʶ
һȻħ龧еɿ񱩲ѱûڤʶָܱ֮һһĵˡ
裡
ԺлصΨһͷ㾡ȫתĴ֮ħ龧е룬ʣµʱѾˣ
쵤ʱΪ͹̫ףʯʮּѣҲʵΪס
Ϊαħ龧Ҳѣȴˣħ龧ͬصˮһ㣬޿ײ롣
׶һܵĹ֮Уȥ
裬һ̣͸оԼĹб˹һ㣬֮ʹ
ͣ
еʱգָоǰѹ͹ըӲըȥʡ
£Ѿħ龧һˡ
ھʹ֮Уɱѵͷԣħ龧еȫĴ裬ѡȴһ֡


343 
ϴ̷쵤Ϊҩޣֻѡ˴֡
Ȼ֮Ƿ˼Ҳ൱ΪһɱʵǺܴ
һΣһ˫֣һȫ
ֻоȫ裬ʵŻǿ
žžžͬнڻնѵҧתƾһ˿һ˿Ĵչ裬ͷ·𽫹ͷڻһ̵ʹ֪
ƾһִ֧ţѾڣֻһ;ʧܾ
ִĽУƤֳĺںɫͻҳ壬ѸëѪҺɳһɫѪӣ·һͻֽͬһ˺ѡ
һԿôĿģﻹаѪּ̳ڻϿɣľһ漣
ʵϣڵħ龧Ѿ֧˴ʱⱾѾⷶΧ
Ȼ漣ƺûάȥϢԽԽ΢֮ǰʹȻڣҲΪѾ;ƿݵĵزԽԽȫˣıҲͬһˣŤףͬǱϵĿꡣ
һĽĳȥ
ֵزҲǺģȫѪҺûеѾʧȥսˡ
ڰȫ֮Уҩ֧ź͸ֵĿ£Ҳܹ̥ǵһأھħ龧Ժĳɾͽ᲻
Ȼûˣѡһʱħ龧ţվ̫ǿˣ
䣡
ξ֮⣬˵Ĺֿʼˣ
ʹ˱۾ֽͳһѺɭɭذףʼħ龧ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ˣˣֱɱˣڻƽ
ԽԽʱ˾һֱڽ֮û뿪ÿһʱ䣬ǿʼԽըһ
ȫ󷨺ͽҲܿóξڲϵıţôȥҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
ǡ
ΪԽԽҵ𶯣µĵѾѿʯ׷飬ͬ˱һ㡣
Ĺһӣ֮ϢģŻĵ̫࣬ƿҲÿһӣͻͣϢһʱ䣬Լѵս״̬
һͷһȴǿֲӣѾѪˣ˿ˣѾѪĵز
Ƥں쿪ѣѪҺսΪѪӣ̷ֱ֮ͬպͭϾ̡֮
ҲֻγʱĲˡ
ʼܸоһ޵ϢĻΪѾˡ
ӿһľУָˣȻ漣Ϊħ龧һʱôս
￴˿ذף˼ŵȵƿһ˲䣬ɱȻɱϾΪԼ䵽ⲽصģܷܲϣֻҡ
һʱʱʱ
·һ㣬һƬǽʯϣ˫Ŀֻ΢֮ȼš
һ߱սʬûκѪҺˣڣȫ裬ȴĶһ㵭ɫ
裡
ѪҺɵһ̣ķ֣Ḻ́øˣ
ΪѪҺľǿ̹ĵʹƺҲȫľˣ޷ָԪʱĹȴеԽԽ˳
ʱʶѪҺ豾ͨģѪѪ裬
һҪ裬ҪѪ
ֻоѪ裬ѪĴ̡
ȥھѪҺţƾһɶˣֻƾǿѪ֮ǿάһ˿֮
ѾˣĹеĽɫԽԽŨһ㡣

ħ龧ҩϵһ˲䣬Ĺ迪ʼѪ
ڵԪѸģѪҺӹ֮вϵ
µѪҺޱȵҳأͬɫˮһѪܣ֮˿ڼٵϡ
һ壬ѪḶ́ڷٵڵԪԪȻҲѸٵıĵ˴롣
ȻԪĵһ̶֮󣬱ѹаеԪԶͷ˳׺͵ĳҲ֮ͷ׻֮׵֮֮
ϹʱǧһƬ磬û׵ԶŵĺУŵԭʼ
׵֮Ĵ̣ʹѪҺУƺһԼ˸â·ѪҺ֮˵һ㡣
ǱĬĸıţȻڵ֮ȴޱԪҲаУԼ˸͸о

䣡
ڽ֮⣬˿ʼһεĹƽѾͷˣû뵽ôһ㿴ܴĽ羹Ȼô͡
壬һþаɣôȥ֪ҪʲôʱѾʱˣԮʱ鷳ˡ
һڴ֮ǰʼ֣˽̫֮಻һϣҲʧȥԣƽ˵Ͼȵĵؽ磬ǸСƺҲĳţϵ̫δزиָԮ
ãһ֣
һŨߵܣǸʵõİСҲʼ׼С
һ֣һʱѤõʽͬһ㻮һõĹ켣صײξϡ
䣡
֮ʱɽз·һҫ۵̫ضɽҡʯξµĵ汻ȥĴӡ
ػ緢˾ҵıΣͬƯС֮еʯˣɫ԰ޱȣеذҲյøһЩͷ϶Ǻ顣
ӰѾ
ƽţгһԪҲȫĶ֣ĳ֡
üڵѾ״̬һҧһ似
ǡ
粣𣬾þݲУľξ磬ڳۿɼơ
Ƶĳ֣ĺ˲ͣͣûԸ껪ѪˣȾ޴ѹ֮һֱҧֵ󣬾һ漣


344 
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ȻԪ˧ŮȻܶ࣬ǸһֱľһСȴֻС㡣

ǿԪ˧֮ŮԪ˧飬ô޳ŰʱɣǣվǰǸݸߵİ˭
ɲʱˣ˭£
ƽˣȻվ˵ɣǳ
ԭԳ˹丮δ丮һһٶʮפɣǣԳһ¡
丮һһٶʮפɣǣ
ϢԼĶ䣬ֱĺ£Ҫ֪˹޳Ű֣˳Ƕδ⣬ʱ丮Ȼǧɳһٶʮֳɣǣô
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˵Щ׻ֱʵԳ֪ɣǣôղŸ֪ɨһȴЩͬѰˡ
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¹ٲ֪ãȻҡҡͷֻܰѼ˵ص㾡һ£ҲʵûʲôмֵĽ顣
ֱ˵·һ־ˣԷȻڵˣϡͿľһڵϵӵȨˡ

죬ɣֻ˼ǵ޳ûþӳ֣丮һ˾ͶԸ㶨ˣһٶ֣һ˶پʿˣλĶ޳ֻҪֳ֣ɱļޣ޳ơ
Ȼ޳ȻѾˣӪȴɲһŨصֻδ
мҲŪһ£ǧĴ˳ǸľҲһˣΪ˾ɣǣΪ˱ļҾ졣
޷öӣ
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ԽˣԽǽȻǰ֪ĵλܸߣڿλߣҶ˵ױȵҪԣе֪ڶˣֻΪ·;ңԶڻδִܵ˹ڡ
Ųϵ飬Ȼ⣬һس֣Ƕֵǿߣζʲôȵӣֻǽܱ֤ȵˡ
ʱѾƽɱ׵Ժˣϵ֯ĴѰȴ޽
ۿԽԽɫתʼʶһ£ľʹ˼Ļ²ֻǼһʧô򵥣أǳأ⵽ǣ
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һֱ˰ʱ֣߳һɫС㣬ǵһʱ䱨棬õĸѾ壬һųĳϣȻӰվǰģ
ˣΪףɽľȫ˾Ӫߵš
ֱԽԽһɽϲּ
˵ͬʱЩɻ󣬿ԭ·أ׷ɱˣòᡭ
û˵ô࣬һڷ£ҪĵӭȥģΪϵܵĺѣȻôȻ˼ȴ˲ӣվԭأһ˫۾һգգĶǸòʶԼŮ
ʱ龭ʱ˵ǼҹϮӪǳŮģ£ȴˣðΣա
۾תţҲ֪ʲô
ˡһŴʯͷŵϵ̱ڵϡ
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ôʱȥĶˣҹڶʲôʵ
һ֣˵ٸˣЩΪĴһЩһɽϢþˡ
һȥӪ֮У׷ɱڵأɣǳ˵к۷ĸ֣
ԥһ£ʵ˵ǣ˱ɱˡ
סˣ۷֣ñ٣ȻɱˣζѾӵԼԼʵ
ȿֲʵٶȣһʱ޷ܣʵѾⷶΧ
ٸ»㱣ܣӵ˺ˡ鴫ŷӵĶУԼʵöԷĲõġ
ðɡ˵ʲôջЩҡҡͷǸ
ٸ޳˵ǷʲôӦ𣿡
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սͲˡ

̸ʱһѾ߾ʰõĳУӱϣշʱֵĻƺһֱӵԶɣɽĳ
ѾͷʲôأľЦ˹
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349 Ů˼
ķӦľЦЩ˾ûˣ㲻ָĳһСӻ˵Щʲôɣ
ľһָƴֽߵͷ̧ˣȻ˹籣أʵͲ󰮵Ů˳ᣬݺݺΧŮЩڼҳİʾ¹ȥģЩԼȥģһЦ֮顣
ǱʶܾŮǿģҪ˳ȻΪ֮˭֪Լû⣬ûУֻͽˡ
ľ׿뷨˵ˮɵȻǽԴϲ飬ܶʱˮûǶͱ˼ˣ㲻ǵýǸ˭һģ
һһͣ˵ˡ

޳ȥˣɣǰȻգΪ丮ֵļ룬ʿûʲôˡ
ǧ֮˳ҲȻȻ۸˳ǲɣǣǴɽ򱱣ֱͨϽɣɽҪѰĶ࣬˳Ե߼޲ļѣסֵΧˣο˳ԭؾִӸפصܹʮ˳Χ㣬ûǽ
˳Ǻɣǣܵ޳ϮĳУȴġ
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ּһʱɣǵĽأȻÿϣܰݷõȻޣּҵŶѣܼɽľˡ
һֱڼбչأԪеʣõҩ̫࣬Ϊ̫죬óʱĻӰ쵽
֮⣬ҲڱչأΪ쾳׼

һʵ糿ּұԺΧˣаԼּҵҪ
һֻųּұԺֺܷһƤЦСӷһ򸾴
Сʮ꣬ӵϵķһһģŵĸͷŷ٣¼ԼȹȻʮ꣬ǿȥֻѾ˪һ˫֣ĶǼӣֱƤֲڷ죬Ƕվմˮ¡
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ǰվŵĸסĸףдСһ𳤴󣬹ϵֱ˴ˣ˳ѵʱչ˵ֵܡС
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ڼ䣬ܹѹܹ޴ʹ࣬йϲйҫйʹɱˣҲαƵһߡ
һɾҲ֪Լؼҵʱ򲢲һܴҫҲǵĻ˲еĻ޷ҫ棬ﳰĿ⡣
֪Ժַʽĸĸܻ벻ȫ
ΨһһֲƳɱƻرİ
ûеļ֣ҲûʹĳĬĬĸĸ£ͷˡ

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ֶûһ֪ڴ˵е֮ϣȻиߵľ磬̤Ǹǿߣ˵˹ˣüôķΧ׼
ļѾɽⷶΧˣĽΧʮڡΪλ˿ɽʶΪģּ棬ɳĮһɳһ㡣
ԥԥĻǰ¶ѹٵ͸ĸദһƽ˵
ĸĸЩú⣬Ƿÿ糿ŵʱܻ΢ЦڿһǳϲСϵЦǡô񵭣ֲʧš
һСѾߣʳУΪ㣬žǿζͱǧ⣬ָµĵģ򸾸ɾ¥뱲ˣͷȻ׼һԾ֪ա
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ҲɵӣƵƵȻǸ棬Ѿʮ˹ϰ׵˶ˡ
ַ˿ˮ飬֪Ͷ˼
̸£ͼʶǹȥļҵǧһʣüһԪ˧飡Ԫ˧һţ˵̫Ӷ䲻ϵ֮Ů
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Ԫ˧ʮǰһ֮˹ӲĴսҼһس߸λ˳̫ӻӼ˶Ҫ
ؼҸ˹һļ壬˻ң̻żҶ޷ؼұȣ˵Ƹ޷ȣ͵λûȣ˹ụ̼̃ڰտǵͼĶֻùѫ̶ļһһĺš
ؼҵĴС㿴ǼҰˣϵʱĸָ˵ЩţΪĸСŮˣЩӸ׵̤żв·Թֻ檵ġ
ĸû뵽ȻԪ˧ɫǸŮ֪ӵλԺգתۼƽʱڴ˵Ԫ˧£һʱЩܲˡ
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350 
еһʱ̸ʼĸڸµ⡣ĸԹĿ⣬Щͷۡ
ʶرܸͻΪ֮ǰǶʧܵĸ飬ȻǸʱµıޱʹģ룬ʹģǶԼģԼԼû
ڣЩѾƵᣬû̫ۼ
˵ûһƭ˵ģǣȴףΣעҪ߳˹߳ݣ߳һֱա
еĹΣ֣һСľٲܴģ
ڼչĸҲǲܵģǶ˵ƽ
ΨһԼȥģֻǧˣԸĻ

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֮ˣеûеõκκôеʵеĻĵرеĻϵȱеģʥѪ
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˵žһ̵ˣЩЩεЦЦʯϰ²ߡ
յ磬żڻ԰ͤУһ裬һ²㣬裬Ʒͻɲܡ
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һ£ҹŮԹ뷿ɲʲôò飬䱻˿ĻǸ˲õ顣
Сĵӭ뷿ʵ֣ʲô𣿡
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֪еݣһϸĴĦһ֮𺳵ջظ֪ŵĿ
ȻġԪûдȫ츳ʹϻۣѾʶһ׹ı󣬾ԱʲôȵĺĹöࡣ
⡭׹ǡ΢΢ţĹðĳϹżеõİɣˣ
͸ԼѾһֳŵˣЩﺣɽ֮Ҫɿö࣬ٶ˵ʲôˡ
һʱ䣬ܶҵͷӿԺʹͻȻĸо
׹ֻһ֣ԭҲûУֻܹѽֻͣҪ˵׹¹شмǱܣ֮֮֡󣬴̺ʱ㽫Ĳָ㡣
ץס촽ĿͶ̹鲻Խıۣë΢΢Ķš
ã۾˵Ҳ⴫ġ
ԭĹҪסԪΪ⡢ࡢ׽͹ǣڵȫųԪÿһܽ´Ρ
û裬̫ˣֻġԪֻҪûԪϵͿˣպ̷ҩʱҲû𾫰ʡ
鶼ˣͷΪ泩ĸо·ڸղŵһ˲䣬ڲĵʧ˲١
ûǣң죬ǰȥڤֱȡڱء


351 ڤ
ܴ½أľʤֵľҲ
˵ڤ㲻ʲôأҲв֣ǰ㿪ͲΣˣʵϹҲ벻սǿһˣǹϵ޴棬ȻûҪŪһ
ΪڤЩΣգڵطڱϢϵĿȴǳСˡ
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ģصĺôЩƷҩϡԪʵ㲻ʲôȻԪȴоʵЧصġ
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Щ죬һֱĬúܣָʱʱҲڷ㲻
˲ϵ󺣣ˮɫԽԽø֪̽һ£Ѿĸ֪ޣǧˡ
˵ϺȿԴﵽɣԨֲǱſֲĺޣʥ޾ഫĳȿԴﵽǧɣ֪١
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šͷ
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ݺἸǧɣҲ赭д˵һһݺἸǧķΧñ˹ΧС٣˵ڤֻϺһСƲ˵Ϻħݺﶼпˡ
ﻹǵ˵һСЩĴ½Ϊ
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ֶΡ̾ഫʳʮﶼŵ˵ζһ˵ˣ⣬ôȻûйˡ
Сˣڲ᲼ΨƷǹķһЩ˵̾һȻΪڵĴбٶп
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ϲ߸ߵʯÿһޱȣͬɫħǷ˲СˤһӣʯϣԱһá
ôԶûзһֻֻżڵϿһЩɢҵʬǣһЩʬ֮ϣ᳤һֲʺʺĻڣ޵õѪûҶӣĸ˿ʬ֮У˱Ӫ
һѪȺǻӵζԽߣζԽŨ󣬴ϸоֱɹƺֱ͸壬絶һϡ
ǲʲôЩ֧Ųסˣ˼Ѫǻ̲סɪɪֻ첲ʶıסԼӣʱķӦͬһķŮվںһ
̾һָһԪûڣԪǿų类Ѹٵֻůлص֫ůģĹĻͷһۣȴѾ֣ǼԪͣԼڣ˿ûɢ˼
аԾһ߷ԪֻҪ뿪壬ʧȥ֧֣ͻʧȥƣɢҪͱֵڱϣϵԪ
ȫˣųǹŹֵԪƺһ㣬ϵڹȴ١
ֻҪԪĹ룬ָµԪٶȻ룬㳹Ϊ֮
ллС˵
֮ͣжԶߵҲѾʱˣҪʱ䶼ΧתתȥȻŵͼڹбϷҲһ׵飬οǵһҸ֪޷ʹá
ûŪĻǰһұˡ
̧ͷһ˵ұѾ㼸ʮɷΧûں֮Уͬһͷɫޡ
Ӧþұϡһαȶ򣬿϶˵


352 뱦
ǰģһ沼ʯ׶ӵĺɫʯڣ߼ʮɣ͵ͬһ㡣
ʯǰȡһźɫֽʯһһѰţֱĳһֽ̣ѪɫĿʼСĽֽʯϣƬֽ֮һȼ
ŷֽΪҽʯ֮ˡǡ΢һƴСâͿ׶ʯ֮ϡ
֣ͷҲص˵Կס
ָֽһĨͳ˳ɫԿ׺ӽС
ԿһֻžһԿ׺ԶչνƬӺӱԵԭ̼âǵ״ܿڿ׶ϡ
Կ׷׶֮Уת˴Ȧ˻ΣԭɫʯڣͻȻ֣ţһɫĹĻֶ֮󣬰ȫ
Ļһ磬ڷֹ˿ӵġ
һɣ濴ͷ·ƾʧһ㣬ʯڻԭʯڡ
ڻ֮УԭɫʯѾ¡¡İȥ¶һһ˶ߵĶڣԼһֱ쵽ڰ֮еĺɫ¥ݡ
ɨһ˽ȥóһֱôԴһЩǰ·ˡ
¥ൽʮɵľ㵽˾ͷֻһ̳̳Ͽһ󣬷Χʮ˿ƷԪʯ
һ̾봫ʮƷԪʯ㹻ˣЩԪʯСΪֱӷû뵽ŲæĽʮ˿Ԫʯժʮţ滻ƷԪʯŲƷԪʯÿԪʯλöĶա
զ࣬ǲ֪ԪʯзʽˣóȻ󣬶벻ʲôýġ
ֵּƽһŵԪʯһ㶼ƽõĶЩġ
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ϸĹ۲һ´󣬴Ūеԭȷ⴫ûʲô⣬վ˼̳
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ʮɼıǶӫɫĹâʹ׿е龰
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ͷʱۣղų󾭹ռͨĸоЩӦ̫Ѩѯ֮ͣ֡
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ȻеԹȴɴֿӣڱϾǶƷţֱʲôػģԼδؿס
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ԪʯǴƷԪʯһеԪʯǧ֮࣬һʲƸ
ЩԪʯҲЩĶ˵˲ҪԪʯҲû֮ġ
￴ЩλεƷԪʯһԵװ˼ٿֽ䣬¸ϾҲȫĵطôһʲƸŲȫ
ȻЩƷԪʯˣٿƷԪʯ¾ˣҪڻڣ϶ôӻȻܲôˡ
ƿĵӣȫƿƿ޹޵ĵҩ
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赤ȼĵҩȴװڵҩƿпǧ
ҩ﷭һó˷ӵµһеҩǧ꺮ɵĺӣһеıŵҩɢҩоԪ
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Ҫһ롣
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˵һһͿɲΪֻǰ裬һãĶűһ˶пܡ
СͳһԿףƿӣ󲿷ǿյģֻӵϰʮѪɵĺӡ
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ΪЩСԼЩΪ
֮ǰ˵õģʮţЩõħ龧ԹһΪͿԼˣʯнС
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һڿտյӣǧ֮ǰװʮħ龧ڣȴֻʣˡ
һѪУĸо̺ŵĹϢڤ۲Ĳ־
ЩԼĹؼڣ
Сĵİʮħ龧պãеĿѾԲˣľЩ򡢱ʲôģû̫Ȥ
֪ɨһ򣬹ȻûʲôϵĹڱ˽Ʒģؽױ޼Ҳϡ
ø֪ɨһļʯͷ䣬ʲôϣ̽⵽Ķȴһ
еһУһЩΪȤĶ
߹ȥеĳһ
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ˣڱһóƷţķҲãǹҲãʦˮ´ʦһʦڵıķ֮е顣
ԵɨһЩϣпϲЩϡѼǷǳף
ĺܶණֵرţҪѼȴǳѣ쵤ֶȻ󣬵ֻҪ㹻ĴۣõĳЩĲϾͲͬˣǵ̫ˣôҲƫţγҲҲҵ
ʦᶼὨϲֿ⣬ѼĲϣûõĶֿѣҲôģһǧĻ۹Ȼ鴫ͣͲǰкܴһԭȱٲ֣ӭж⡣
ȫڳʱһЩ߼ҩǿ쵤ħ龧ҩ


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ЩĲҪˣ쵤ڲܸ㣬֮ڱضָһӵĲϣʨӴ󿪿ڵĶ˵
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ɴӦˣ뱦֮󣬼˵ô־ô֣ûа䷴Ե
ֵ׼չµʱ䣬֮ǰ˵ǷҪͬУ
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Ҳ޴ȥ׼һչأ֮һȥ˵ʥأҪƿûдŵֺ֧
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ִҵ˵ĸΪ磬ƽʱҪ̤˵ĵؽ磬Ҫġ
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ϵô࣬ʵֻǲҩܱ֪ѡҲЩˣ쵤ܻᱻǶһĳԵǱ֪ˣ°Ͷڵˡ
ڱչ֮Ҫʱ䶼ĺ󣬲Żʺ͵
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ʧܣһᷢܶΡ
ÿ춼ĿƷԪʯɰ׻ңȽڰܼҵʽټԺдеܼ䣬ͻͽ
ʱҲһеȻ˵ЩϼصĶͲȴܸһЩϾϺܴ½кܴĲͬ
ÿĴͻǿ룬ʼϢԪʣʱ֮üꤣӵºץɫķڻϿˣ˳ָһЩ֮ΪĽˡ
ÿγ㣬治ɫȴòĳգǿֽгһСۻҵʮȥλε̾ͱ˳СëҲֳܷϻƯĵгԾտɸΪ޹أûгõϰ
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һµʱȥˣһٿƷԪʯ˰׻ңЩƷԪʯƷԪʯﻻģгͼۣһٿƷԪʯҲķһƷԪʯ
֮⣬ĲϱϣеʧҲԪʯ
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ڵĴҩڣ쵤ҩɡ
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һķɵҩӣ൱ڽ쵤ƷһأֵҲ쵤ѷĴ󻷾£±֪ˣ˲õ顣
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һΣΪҩЩԪȫһεסˣӲĽڡ
ȵԪϵĳǹأȻôҲ岻ʹԪøӱ꣬ͻҳ壬ҩøҡ
һҪǻǸŲŵסǸ⣬Ѿսҩɵ쵤ֻüͷ壬ĳѣǺһ˵ˮûʲôʹķӦ
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ڵڶö쵤֮󣬽ڶö쵤¸С
ͬĴʹУֻǱһһЩһӶûãٿҩʼҽŽŹǡ
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һ£ӶķþҩЧ쵤ʼ쵤һЩϴЧųڵһЩɫʣΪ쵤Ե̫࣬ڵѾ޿ŵĳ̶ˡ
ڵϵۻ쵤Чȴڲϵļǲɱ顣
ԭƣҪһǧ쵤ɴ裬ʵ𵽴Чģǰһٿ쵤ܽеĳɣɣЩʵ޵úܡ
µ׵ʱһ쵤ֻҪһʱĹܽҩյܿҩ½ٶˡ
ӱеõʮ˿쵤ԭеģ˶ʮţļӳֺȫ˽ȥĴһɶ࣬ԭħ龧İɣĴѾ˽ӽɡ
ʱڵĲҩҲۻˡ


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쵤ĲдҩȻǱޱȵĶЩҩȫԪ͡ȸ¼
ҩھ֮ת֮У֪ҹ첻߲ݵ֮вдҩ𽥱ڣͬһȪʱ·һĤѵ
һ죬ԪͻıĤȫ±ȷ˿ϸѪĩҶû©
ͻˡԪء³һڿγ˰ɫֱȥԶڸʯϣʯмĵ䡣
ôźľԪԪͻơ
ԪǰڡеԪתҲǡĻԺĴҲãŶݼҲã벻һ
Ԫľ粻룬ҲԲƿ¼ԪԹõ
µʱڹȥˣϵ쵤ȫԹ⣬Ԫأ˽ӽɡ
ΪȻͣڣʵȴѾ
ֻĸоһѾ̤ţ֮Ĵսһ
֮ѵҸȥ˵ˡһһϹ⣬ؾڴ

˵Ϲʱܴ½γ֮ഫʥ޷־Ӵ½ϱ䣬׻ɽȸ˺䣬׺ɣɽȸϺ˷Բ˵Ӹ߸ϵ̫ϸ˵һֻչɵķˣ˳̾Ȼ֮档
ʷѾʧں̺֮Уʷ顢ҲֵܵסţൽΪΣѾö֪ˡ
ǧɸ߿գƺ֮ϣ·ﵺ죬ɣޡ
˵ΧСĵ죬ˮ֮УΧ˵
ЩСΧиСĵ죬ͬɢһɢڹĺ֮ϣóЩΧ˵Сγһػ
˹ģֲĴ󣬲ԪʯΪģٸԣţҲܲסôֲġ
ûв´ĻԪΪ䣬ޱߴ֮мȡԪԳһϵ
óһǧҪĵԴ֪̾˵Ŀֲ̡
޹Ϻħ򲻸湥˵Ҫ޳ŵķʽ˵ս˵ǧΪУʮƷŵ֣Ϻħ»޻ء
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֮ϣڶ壬Ѿǧ֮ã֮񣬱Ҳѷɫ
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ʱɽ֮Уһµĸ̨֮ϣòʮ꣬һͷѾǧѩһ㣬߸ͷɷ˵״ԵӺݻ
˱Ŀڤ˼ĳһʱ̣ͻȻ˫ۣ˫һĹâǰһ֮꣬ΪţԴӵ츳ΪԼƽҲй֮޲ǫͣ߰ޱȣ۵ģ档ͻȻӹһ˿ӦἰҪˣǺεʵǱȲ˵ĵӵĻֻͽʧˡ
ţָһһҲôϢ㱻˳ȥ

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׼ƷţƷǷվп˵ڼֱͬһСسһ㣬΢
Ŀ⼯һֱֱֻ֮ϣȴŶԷʡ
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ﲻ˵ˣȻûйǣûнӵκ룬޷ɽҲ֮УʵҲôġ
̾˿˵һӡǣסˡ
δ˵ʲôͻȻһȻɫŹֵĴһۣҸսӵԽˣ㡭ָָɽ֮㲻ɽֻסſ͹֮УȥͩԻ㰲ס
˵ţһӣһȥͩĵӣ׼ס
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Ůһ
ôʦãŮߣһڴϢ
ղʦִ˵ʦ˵Сˣһסͩ󡣡


355 ͩ
Ŷסͩ󣿡üһɫΪ˵ȸںĵϸ죬˳Ƹ칫ӡ
˵ӵĵȼһ״ΪģĿʮˣǺĵӣλ״ӣΪţܵĵӵͬĴ
ϸͩȸںĵӾסĵطʦǴ㽫СΪĵô
ҿ˼ˡŮεʼ磬ȻҲ̫һȻʦ۵ôߣҲпǵ츳ˣסͩ޲֪֮ʦΪˣ벻ʵġ
ǧ꣬ϸɫӲÿˣйʥŮ¶ۣȻ֪˵ǸʲôȾڻʱʥŮרǲʦȥۿ˱һССƷŵڻ䣬ȻʦȥۿʥŮ¸һȣ˳֮á
ϸܲǧ˵λȻ˭˭Ļ˾ˡ⻹ֶ꣬ͩһĵӣ۵ʮ״ռݵܽؾŷֻֶһʳˣͨĽؾŷһʵ΢
Ůϸһֻۣõ
Ĵֲʵֻۺۣ۷ǳϸģˣʦкܴĻȨ
ϸĻŮͷ˼׼ô죿
ϸƬ̣ʵ˵ֻʮꣿ
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˵ռع鲼Χʮɽ壬۵ʦСʱһͩĸɽ֮ϣһ̵ֱֳͩգһҲʷˡ
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Щ˵ţʽһ·ľʽˣЩȻʮŵġ
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ʦֵİ٣а˴أ̫ͼڣģڡ׼ڡڡȵȡ
򣿡һһ˵飬ȻʵԽǿӴҲԽ㣬ǰĽӴΧݶѡ
ţ߰ŵһ򣬱ҪеԪͬľˮμУųϵԪԴԣԾͳڡڡ׼ĵš
飿ԪȻͬ΢΢һʵû뵽Ȼһ龰
ʦϵЩһ֪ԵõĽ͵ܴ½ġ򡯿ɲһֵģÿ֮䶼кܴĲͬԪͬΪ棬̫ϵԪϵĲͬءЩˣΪǧ汲еһԵԪһϵĳɾͿνǷ켫ںͺˣһֱΪǿػرҪ߹˵һ˵磬ô¶Ļᣬ϶Ҫ˵һȵġ
ŶϻȹЩ⡣
ˣ֮䣬ľһ棬һʢ£ŶƼһãʱҪһģԻдݣͷʵǱ˭ĵӸ㣬˭ҵĴиˣЩŵϼһǰѴкӿñء
ʦҡͷԵ˵ţһ߰ǺΪʦԴŵ֪ҫʶ
ʦȻ˵ˣһ·ϲͣĸܸźеĳɫӡ
һ߸ƷţΪԪص㣬ľˮףÿһԶγһƷţƷźһƷţȻ˵㣬սȴǣ˵һҾܶƷţ
ʦԵõ˵ȴЩ˵ΪƷţһҶҲ٣ǸνƷȻϺħϺħĻϺħ򲻵һҾͲˡ
ǰǸŮģҪ̫ԣƢܻ𱬵ģСǻʦѹɴĳԪл̣˳ƻǻ״֮һʵῡ֮пΪڶһֿػ֮ó뻯ȸڵĴʦֶδرȵù
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Ӧʮ˾꣬϶Ҫͷġʦ˵ڻǰȻûʲô԰ʱ
ͷʮ˾ĺ֣ȷʵ˲á
ߴڵһԹϵȷʵ˵ã׼ҲһȻΪң˳ơӡ˽Ʒ飬ῡ֮ҲΪڶ𣡡
װ˳ơѩʵλеڶ𣡡
ʯƣһƿֲʵ𣡡
ɽԽʵ𡭡
ʦ˵ÿϲһʮˣͻȻɻĿʵôǵڶ𣬵ģûеһô
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ʦɵһһۣ˵ǧºƵ£˫̥ã㲻֪
ҭˣ°ͣȷʵӦ뵽ģֻǱʶܽǧ굱ǰһں͡
ǧֻжʮ꣬˻ʮǸԼµͣ׼һ
ǧ츳ҲνʥĿֲˣߴƷţһʥŶҲ֡
ʦ̸۵ʱֵͩȴҲб̸һɫ·ؿͼһһߵϸ֣˵˵ӿصļһô


356 
˵ԷƹȣΪչƼ䣬ʮ꣬ڶΪڽһ֮ң
ϸǾʶˡ֮ϸ͸չƼ̸֮С⡱Ͱǧһ˵˳żչƼİϴһ硣
ѵֻڵӲʺνĲͷʵ⣬˭˭һͻϳսʱҲһ䣬ȿػܣȸʽĲͷȶ⾳ȵȡ
֮ôͷôɣֱһûбڵԸԸģһ¶⣬ϸҲͬţȻͲˡ
˵ϸ˵ʥǧ궼صˣչƼעһΪ
ţڣΪܱأͲɡ
ʮꡣ
ȻˣʮΪҲǿ⣬ʵҲڣӦˡչƼ˼䣬̧Ҫߡ
ϸ켱֣ûȤô
ȤչƼŲһЦЦĿϸ죬ڰӣСìѽȤУҳֵʸС꣬ΪҲҵһأôȣ곤ĻҵȤһս
չƼǷƹȵһ൱ڻڵĻ׼ڵӣϲԽսܱԼ곤ΪߵĶ֣ʮ꣬ΪڣǼ൱һСӣչƼսñȣͱЦˡ
ӮҲûãҪӮӮûвͷûɫֳֺõ飬չƼȻ
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һϯ˵òһۣ·û뵽ʮĺӻ˵һǧҲ΢΢ס
ʮʱͻȻЦˣãһΪֻҪ츳⣬˵κֻҪģ


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˵ƴ󣬲ȱǫˣҲȱţȻЩ˵ҳж٣ȴû˿Ա֤
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358 ҪѪ
˵ڶΰշУһɽɽҰֲŴЩÿ궼ڴ֣ߴʮɡ
ڲԴ֮䣬һˮĺںһԴĴʯһ㣬ڵĻ֮ءΪ˵ҲڵĴϣİ磬ڴ˾С
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ʮڣͦˡŮŹε°ͣµĴԼĶ֣˵Ե
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״ӿɲģʦȫԸĻôܷԽԽģѪҲ


359 ܱƴ
ϻ̫Ӱ죬ϵѾЩŵζˣԸоϻ̫һ˫̺Ļ⡣ᣬս
ϻ̫ȷʵһӵĻЩϼһǼֱ̰ᣬɳһЩȻʨӿڣҪ˵ѪǿϺħһսӮˣ˵ҲҪƷŵͨƷˣҪƷŵżҪǧĻۣϻ̫ộ
̸н죬ЩϼһֻһЩ޹ؽҪò漰ĶҧŲɿڣǳԶ˵ϺħҪڡ
ϻ̫ò¸߰õĵߣȴǸЩϼһԤԶ
һڸһʱ䣬Ҫ֧ʮ쵤ƽʱۣǳû١
ϻ̫ĸ˴Ĵۣ˵ʧǧĻۣͨƷš
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ȫСһǻһʮ߰ĵӣһܳͷ顣
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ղ³֮󣬺ܿϳ
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ڵд軹ͣڼɵıƴϣӲӲʵԾ
תۼ䣬߳ҲϳˣǱ˵ģϳһ׼ڵŮΪСʮͣһЦģһ޺ı顣
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ҲһԼÿϳ˶Ҫᱨһͣһ˵ͬ͵ĵӽ֣಻һ꣬ȽϹƽҲ̫ѿ
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СֻСһУһɫӾͷ˳ȥһĻ΢̾ŮĿ׼൱죬һ־ӣͲҪһ׵ûĹ̡
Ҳɫ΢΢أŻԷӲŶ˲Ϣʱ䣬ֻһŮгΡ
һʱǵͨ죬ڿأĻǰԼ㰫һͷС޲Ҹطȥ
СѾͷĶðģ̫̬˰ɣһΪһСһ꣬ȻϢҵĻ


360 ŭ
һڿˮɥصϣ˿ҿϻ̫ɫ
ʱСЦˣǶЦǶЦЦ֮׽Ƶζʮԡ
ˣˣССѾͷƬӡӹҲסǺܰˣ˲ʲôؼԷСһ꣬һŮġ
ҵĿػѧòôãҪǱ䣬δ룬ҳһŵɣԴԼ档
ЦЦҲƣ˵ǱԼˣ׼ŮǳԼģ⣬Ӧ״ӵļֻС˵㣬ٹ꣬СܻܿΪһȻǶ֡
Ϊֹ߳˵ĳӮȻռ·磬˵һɼ൱ˣ˴У̫ͼڲûг֣ǹ˼ͬһ֣ûΪ˵ϾϺħҪĻָħ۳ǵĹģǵҲùһҲ˳ˮ۽˵ĵ߼롣
ʱ֮ϣϻ̫ɫûа滺ٺɫҲܵŵ̰Щֿɲһס
˲ӲӲߵ磬ʢһ˵㣬Ǿʹ㡣ʵ˵ĳ룬д˵ܴȫʤĻԷ̸֮оͻᰫһƣ̸д
뵽ɽСʵϻ̫ûףɽСʵֻ㲻һŵϯӣһսʱӦ⳵սΪˡ
УľΪһֳ˶ϲ㣬û٣̫ͼڲ֣ɽСҪԶ
ɽС֮⣬һƼӦмʵ¶һ̫С̲㣬ҲʮĵзһѣΪɽСֵЩΪˡ

Сȥ֮չƼҲ̾Щ׼ڵͷԽԽͣмʱ䣬ԼҲСˡ
ľѾգ׼ȴӺСţڵڶῡλ۷壬ڵƽԽԽȵˡ
չƼţ˵ϸԶԶĶʹһɫʾչƼԳˡ
չƼҡͷϸ켵̫أдɾ͡
룬Ƴһߵʦܣ˵ԣȥԼս
ٺ٣ڿԳôΪԵ°ͣǿ׼һ㣬˷쳣
ֵ˿˵ˣԴһ͸ƷԪʯöԷԴʮ죬ǾһƷԪʯ
ܴ˾µʱ䣬ƷԪʯ൱һֵƷԪʯԴ
˵ʲôд㵽ΪֹĻԸûе棬˴ӿ̫ˣȫֵĻô᲻ˣ
˵ɱڵӣĴǶͲðѶĺݺһֻҪˣѪʲô
ϵ˵Ļȭͷָžž졣
ѾʮƷԪʯĶˡ
Ǿͺãٺ٣ȱԪʯأš˷ܵ촽
УСӲ򵥣ʮڣ㲻ˣǧأ츳ǱҲѷɫչƼһ䡣
츳ΣҰ벽컹򲻹ڣСǱǲϧ̫ˡ˵һԾڷϵԪļӳ֮£ֻӰһͳڹ㳡롣
ƹԣʮ꣬սڳܡһ֡
ԣôֵˣ֮ǰСϳдˮƽڷƹȺĵпεġڵĵӣ˴֮䶼൱˽⣬ֱ֪
ţκεĵûϳأдˮƽٴߣǿгˣ֪ôս˭
ĵӷ׷ۣ۾˵һɨָǰɣɸҸҽһ
ɶߵסˣС̫費Ҫˣʮսʮ꣬Ҳ˼ڣ
ĲʲôʵԶŵʱ˵ÿһ춼ǳ
ʱ㹻ܶ飬ǧ꣬ʮʥţ꣬ʮǾͲʲôˣȶһƱܹﵽǧʮʱ򣬿Ѿˡ
ٸʱ䣬ͻƺ׾ٵ飬Դ֣ǾԶԶܱˡ
деڣһֱµڱȶвһģҲһСսģսΪݡ
СӰ˳㡣о߲ơ
ϻ̫ɫתͷǧһۣǧ΢΢ͷҲͲ˵ˡ
ȻصˣĲҲ޷ԽĻȶɽСҲûǿ٣Ϳ㵽ܸһľϲ
ԻȻܱ˱ӵĿ⣬ָСӣô
𣬡û뵽µ侹Ȼ֮ȻҪսȻ㡣
˵ֱ˹㳡ҲƵƵʹɫ
ԭ
ţסͩҲǵһμ˵ֻʮ꣬ȴǧµء
¿ԿʵˣԸǸԵģӮǱ£Ҳˡ
û֪˵ȴѾ˲֪˲ˣǧصţרŻ˴۴ڹһžסͩЩΪ˵ӹעĽ㡣
ٺ٣˵ִδأ֪Ϊ˵Ĺ¼˵ǱԼţȻֿ˵ĵӣ˵Ŀɶԣ
Цţ˵һ֮ĻҪŭô˳İѶԷŪԴ

Ի䣬ֻһȣͬһըߣɫһף
֪ۣϻ̫һαһֲͬһԣɲֻ֮û䣬֮ͬеСһ㼸㸲
Ծ֣û뵽ֻһ仰ϻ˾ȻݣΪһС֡
ʱһɿϯԵ廤סɨ˺һվ˵ϻʦ̫ϢŭԣںʲôأǸ
һ긦̫Ǹӣ̵ûϻ̫˵ڼ죬ϻ̫ܼΣô
ʵԺˣһ൱ڮǧǧϻ۰ͽܣ
һɫЩ̫õǧ꣬Ŀתԣ˵ڹ⼤ŭңôҪϲ㣬ɹˡ


361 ʡ
᳡Ȼһֱҩζʮ㣬ҳϻ˺Ըղ˵ǷȵˣûӵĻ΢һЩ˸˵
ԩ޳ʶʶȴͬ蹷һҧָʹ˵ͨ
ԺٺЦûȷʵڼ㣬֮ǰЩʹļ̫ܽû˼ˡ㿿˵ĵӵɲҶ׫ģȷԣ׻˵Ѩ磬δ򣬽ԽʯԵǷʵΣ
Խʯ㻹濴ԼЦһԽʯһĥˣ
˵ţֽеǹǹǹ֮㲻ˡ
ȻǹǶһĵؽƷ̫ףǹ¹αװȻαװֻһЩȳΪ͵ˣڳڶϹ֣޲棬ض˽ϳ
ĵؽƷֶΪ֮ۺ죬˵ɽǲǹع⣬鷳٣ڳôˣϢһͻᴫ
Կһ˽Ʒǹһ£ЦûɣΪ˵ĵӣƷŵ״ӣõؽױ˰ɣ˽ƷڿЦô
΢΢һȣҺģΪ棬ͱˣָʹԼȻ
Ըֻɫ־͹ˣҳǹֻѪǹ֮ǻվţǾˡ
˻һڳ˶סˡ
־͹ˣ
ǹֻѪ
ڷʤ
չƼµĿСӻŰͷ׼ڵСȴСŮһ˷ܵɫȻԽıڴ
Ŷ㻹ӮչƼԪʵ
Ҳ֪ܲӮ֮Ľζһ˼飬ȻһòҲ̶ãҺڴһʲô飬Ǹ˵ĵùܾʹ˱ģӴһ겻ô飬ҵȻ˷
Сò˵ⷬչƼֻñ쬵ģСﳤ˾Ǹ
ڳУĵӶſ֣˵ĵӾ˼ˣΪ֮򣬻һּļǿȴڵԱ񣬱ϸ졣
ϸǹֻЦݣָϵĽָаȻطģȻóһ˽Ʒֻۣ˴㣬ؾĻҲˣڿһ֮ĶҪˣԾĹ׳һ
ϻû˵ֻǿǧһۣĿеѯ֮ʮԡ
ǧ꼫治ʡģйоصĴǼһˣҪԼھ·ϻ˵ѯʣǧ껹ҧ˵ͷȻġ
ϻü㲻óǸϼһһ˶ĵؽƷǹô˵ȸҲй֮޲ôã
ǧЦ¶ǳ鷳ɡ
ϻǳЩ鷳Ҳ˵ΪţҲǿóһǹ̶ֱۣô죿ˣûܾʤʵʤԷҲҪ˳ЦϣҪֳЦ
ĻŭЦʱĿͬһ׳գ첻רųɵİɣҾվҵҪôӮң
ֳǹһǹһϤĸо壬ĿǰΪֹǹʹʱһǹսʤŹԶϽڻ䡣
˵ǹʤĻѾԼܴˣɵʱѾŰɱ۷ԲŰ벽죬ƷŵΣοĴѾɡ
˫һ̤棬ڽ֧£ٶ˲ﵽ£һĻӰɫĹâǹۣһǹֱؿڡ
ǹལһӣ߰˵кХƿ֮絶̶̲֮
ӭͷķܣͦǹֱ롣
ϢԪЯ˿֮лײһ
磡
һͬˮԵķоͬĲ飬ǹƲǹâԵؿֻ롣
ţ
һһУɫķ֮Ԫ£ǰγһС
Ӱܣ

һӰδ꣬ǹֱӰѷӰܵ˷飬̶ֱĤǹֻ΢̶ֱֹͣ
ʲô
ɫ䣬ڣܹжķӰܾȻ¶Էһ屩ˣȻͬƹ֮
ն
˫Ŀͨ죬һһնϣеĽǵؽƷƽʱ㲻ԪҲֱӽؽƷһնΣ
ʹӦÿһпǹȻû뵽ǣһǹϣȴǱǿԪճסˣиԪҲһ֮ɢˡ
ʲô
Ըо޷ţʱݵϸ룬ɽХһǹھιĵ֮Ȼſֲ
ΧĿռ·˲֮ԪһɢƲɵǹâصĴԵĻ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ֻǱһشУ˽ƷױǹâʿһӣԪһ飬һѪ³ֱӵɳʮԶֻƹƹҡһ죬Ҳ֪ײ˼ӣմžƲ˷ʳһء
Ϊǹâ˺ܶ࣬˲أǴʱȴҪǱжǱԴӵ촽鶯ţ۾õѪһҲǳɫ
оĵģĵѾɵˣ˭ҲûϵᷢһĻֻһУһ˲ɣȻû̫صˣеǹâȴֻһʵԶ׼Ͳһġ
ȫžʱһһЦʱ˵СЦֱӣᶼˡ
ʦ֣ϽѲϹŵȡɣЦˣ
ʱԣһ͹˲ϣ澢쳣ײ˶ûϣһ˻֭
ҧһһץ²ϵ棬һѾǵ÷ˡ
һĻ˵Ҳ̲סЦֳЦʵʧͳǻЩƣ̵ֻúࡣ
ЩЦвʱɴһ˫۾е㷢£˵ӴˣɽţԷԴЩ¶ȥģĽӴȴȫ֪Լŵһ
ǧһЩֵİһۣȻģ⼸׽ʱʱû׵ġ
治ʡġ


362 Χ
ɱ㣡߳ŭսеĳһɫĹâͬʱðâȻҪƴˡ
ɫǹһᣬɱ
ˣʱ򣬷ƹȹһߣ˾ˣ£
Ԫƹȹһߴϣɫǵͨ죬˵ʦֻ̫ˣҸղûãз֮⾳ҡ
죡ƹȹŭˣʮʮ꣬˼һлɣҽڣϽҹ̨϶ۣ
һڿˮ޺޵Ŀһۣվą̊́ˡ
Сӣţĳһһ̨֮ǰԻԪ˺ݻղͷ֮⾳ûжãִ֮УԪûȫãҴߵΪΪЩԭŵԼʵ㡣
Ҳֻкһ㣬һս̫ңһƤѾð㲻ҲسӵĻĻкܴӰ졣
ûлְ׳գᣬȽϹĵǣ˭ָʹԺСԸԼ
Сӣ̨µϸҧгݣսΣؼ츳ֲ̫ˣڷƹȵĺĵУ츳ŵΣȴһǹɨ
Ȼ˵ˣûóȫʵγóȫˣ
һ츳ɽСһģҪһЩٹ꣬ͻΪڶɽ
ϸΣУνؾŷкܿһˣѡĿԾͻ󽵵͡
̨ʱ򻹴ڴ֮Уֱߣһڿˮ˵ָ磬ԭôģ
ָ磿
ɫŹ֣Ǳġ߰ҲԲˣȷе˵˵Ӷеëĵ￴Сŵĵӡ
ţˣɽ֮ˣûа֮߰ģţһЩģǧꡢ֮ģҪĤˡԽԽЩ˵Ŀֲ
ָ磬ôǿһӮǸСɣ˷ܵĴ֣ǶԼСɨӵ鹢ڻ
ЦҰһس
򲻺˼ЦЦҾǿСѾͷ̫ˡ
ΪСϲԼˣϳżգ۵ʱͱ˼ҴûͷףСѾͷרģ˺ġ
İɣǸСҲԼսҲԼսҵġ

û˵ʲôСһۣԷȻЦĿĿдż˷ܺƵζСǸʡ͵ĵơ
ȻһǹɨԣûСڣһһƷʮҵ״ӣӸĺĵӡ
ֻһεĺĵӶѣڷƹȵҲŵʮҵӡ
ǰʮĵ֮ʵܴ󣬾ΪڻڶľĲʮһķʵɼһߡ
ڷƹеĵλв緽еĵλΪԾССȻԷֻʮꡣ
ʱͻȻǧԪò´βҪôˣԷʵʱȴһЩûл
ѭȥǧ֣οЦݣֶ˭Ե̫Ƿֻѵ
йоصĻԣѪҲʲô̫֮ˣԴһЩҩ
ɨ˶Է棬Էģݶģһ˳ͻѹֻýޡ
ǧ֪ΪǾ䡰˵ĵӡŻŰŰôң仰ҲڮǧԼ
ôҲΪһ˼뵽ǧһЦû˵ʲôˡ
ղŵһսϻ˵ɫԻһ㣬ûʧôչȥڶ۷岻⣬˵һɽСࡢţҲˡ
ϻ̫ţƳ׾Ƶ΢Цɫһ
Ϻ꣡
׾ַ·¶ڰеЦݣǰ̸ϣϼһŸԼԡ
Īϼһʲô̲ɣ
̨ϵıԼУԴʵʵĽ֮Ҳû˱ƴܺͼˣһϳĽ֡
ƹȺĵأս˵λܣ˭һսڹ㳡룬һɫֳۣ˫˵
ǷƹȺĵǰ
˵ɫЩÿһϵд裬ͬŵӲύ֮⣬֮䶼⣬˵Ž֣ļű˴֮Ҳд裬֮ǰƴܺͼɵʱ򣬽ɽ׼ڡڱ˴֮䶼н֣ӡ
Ǹղԣս˵ظѾڻ͵Ҫ˵
˵ǿһҲӦˡ
˵磬ͽ̣һŲ̊˵ĵĻ磬ʵ޼
սʼ֮˿ûֵĴ㣬һͶ˷ƹȺĹҪȫԸ
ҧҧȻóˡȸ¼ѾʶһսˣԼӮҲؽ㾡ȫʱս֮
Ԫײ㳡𽻼ӣǿԪһϮֱӴüٽķѡ
һͨ󷨵˵һӶ˫ִŽס˹㳡ĿֲԪನ
һǼʮУջ΢ӮأҲѾɽˮˡ
ˣʰ·硣һ֣ת̨
ȻӮˣɫ̫ãʱָˣ׼ڵСѾĦȭƣȻҲҪϳˣսĶҲ˵
˵ĵӵǰֵܵڵĺĵǰһ൱ʮ˸ôȥ˵Ҫ˿ɳսĵز
ָ磬СѾͷҪϳˣۼ⣬ע⵽С¶ĲЦݡ
ţǹһʱ䣬Ϣһ£״̬ʤ֮ĿࡣνЦЦʵҲ˵ղŶԵһսûʲôģĺܴҲָܺܿ
ۻָǳţѪܻ֮¯ָ֮ǿԶͬߡ
ɴ֮Ļָ͸ֲˣ¾֣ڻָ֮ϣҲñȵù
С˵һ¿ףȻȴѾվЦˣ¶ǵһԻ㵹ͦԾ


363 ⲫ
˵׼Сһϳʱһ䶯
СһڶеĶţ֮ٻΪչƼһ˵ĶԾȻ
ʮ룬Сʮһ£߸µĲ࡭ѾкѼ˵ϣѾȷ·ˡ
ҿӮһЩǷƹȵԺôҲεĺĵӣȴһлɣһСδõ
ɵˣɵƣ۾ͷˣû£ûãһдǻãҪǶģԵĲ಻ôҿڶСǹǺˣС۷壬Ϊڣ
˵Խս¶ǵԽսĶҲţǾˣÿһС磬ζźܴĲࡣ
ҲСӮһЩٹС꣬Ҳ۷壬ʱһսŹƽ
֮ͽ׷ײ²Сʤῡ˵ҲԵ飬֮һʣ¶й⣬´Ҳûʲôʧ
ϻ̫˿ǧ꣬ǧ˵ͷʾⲻķһЩ߸µʵѾôˣ¶ԷǵڶĶţҲӦӮ
ǧ˿϶ϻ̫΢΢ģ츳ҪȶɽС඼ɫһЩˣΪ˵һ

ڹ㳡룬СʮԶ
һԪʵܹܸܲң˭ôȤôң
СһתЦŻ˳ƷԪʯ˰أܴӮңҾ͸˭ˣ͹ԹԵڴһ£ӮԪʯΣ
ûв͸ǽοϸչƼûȥĻչƼδػΪϸ챣ܡ
üһŶ˵
˵ȻӮҺءС˵˫һչ˫֮䣬һɫĵâƾճ֣ΧĿ֮ʵµῡ֮УһʵĶһ˷ܵ顣
΢΢һЦ˵ϵߵʱš
˵һǹɫǹ˵ţԪעаУ֮һ̣һϰɫĳĿǹӿܳշ·˺ˡ
Ϊͷų֮
С˲ɴ˫Ĵùֵ۾һգգǹϵ
ڳ˶סˣȫû뵽Ȼϵߣ˵ôϵߣ
п֣пŵ׼ڵĳϻһɺĵǿͷųͫ΢кȻ̺־׵磬֧ţ
СԼε°ͣ̾û뵽û뵽֮ǰҾ˵Щ֮һΪֻƤëڿƺ鶼УԽԽˣ
Сһ˵ţһߴֽóһɫԲֱߴСĴָϸԵĥ÷絶棬Բһ֣ÿץţֹǵһμ
׽ʯĵؽƷ𡭡
ǹʱ򣬲һЩϵϣһϳСеԲ׽ʯ죬ǹõʯ˲٣ǲԲˡ
СԲǵؽƷжһˣ𵱳ʮ֮żҵĴ֮Ѫ˵й֮޲
㲻ǹôСʵ
ûҪ
ҿɲռˡСһתӮˣҲᱻ˵ʤ֮䡣
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֪ˣն
Сҽһ棬һһнɫԲȫҫ۵âûһԲתΧ绡˸֮仯һת֣֮ռƺпˡ
ƣΧһô͵ʽʲô
ǰǹһת־Ҫжˣû취ײ
ŲæӰˣתּеԼʱһǹתֵԲĴǹȷʵסײǵԲģȴȫ
С۾һ˿׽Ĺʣܿײ
һ̺ڷ֮еִ֮ĵͬһǹ
˽ľͶת˲֮䣬ɫȫûڡ
ǿ׵У˲ԣڸֹеʱ

һĽЦСȭһȭкȥ
èۣ
˾ͽҶ̣רСһ磬һȭèһǺܺ顣
ȻһȭŴһ룬ȴһֻһץס
һ˲䣬СֻԼֺǯǯסһ㣬ͷƺˡ

СʹļУһ˫ǾͲŵɫôܣҵնôûƵģ
СץסƴͷɫâҪ·Ͳµƾӿڣţ뺣Ѷˡ
Сҧ˦ѣȻһ˫ȴƵģ˿ץСֶҪˡ
ɫ˿ûϧ˼ղһȭòԼߣ¾ͲǴè۵飬ǻ˴Ϲˡ
״̬߷ܵͣ۾ôܵסעԪһȭ
СаͯδͯδȴŪɣСŮǱʦ߻ˣ˵˾Ƿᡣ
ſҡ
СܻץɫԲĸ첲
ȻֻץСĸ첲һק
֮ѾﵽֲСܹģʱСмֱֻСƼһ㣬޷ֻһСԼĸ첲˷Բ֮ǰ
Сʧɫæֹͣ˹
ֵĶԾȻת˽ⲫս龰ʵ
Χ˶Ŀɿڴһ߽֣似ıƴ˭Ԫ񣬱˭ͷųʽͣⲫġ
СһСǵͨ죬ûиоô˼ץŸ첲ֶҪˣȴѲˣ쵰ſң
䲻һҪȴϥǵ
ССͣ˼ݶһȭ㸸ĸģ
˵ţһȭֱӻССһȭԪȭͷɫĹâ֮УСʧɫһֱֻץţͱ㡣
׹ܣ
ǧһ֮ʣһɫĵܳСǰ
꣡
Ԫִٷ׹ͬһ飬һȭССϡ

СֻС·Уʹļһ³һѪɳȥ


364 
Сصײ󷨵ĹĻϣˤڵϣһʱˤ߻أˡ
ڳڶǿó֪ͣ˵ʲôãսôץű˵ĸ첲סԷжȻһ٣
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ʱ׼ڵ߶ɫʮѿ׵磿Ƕ˻ô򣬲׸ôСôҾͿɼһˡ
ϵΪϡ٣սһЩƣЩԽУȴһȫǵˣ޷ܡ
ҳ׾ʦ⵽ô£СΪʲô׵磿
׾üͷ΢壬Ƭ̺Ż˵׵磬С׵磬֮СΪ㣬ʵǿˣֿˡղϸ׷Сͷų׵磬û֮ƺյˡ
ôܣ
ʵˣӦһʣ֮Զ󣬳һЩʲΪ棬ǧƾͷֱǻ֮ͱ֮壬׼ڰ֮ǰҲֵ֮塭׾Щϧ˵־׵ʵžȻûб׼ڵõʵ̫ϧˡ
𣿡׾˵ⷬվһüҶ˶˫Ŀһ̨ϵԽԽȤˣ
޼ҪС׾Ԫ˵
ûΪ޼ɫ԰쳣üë֮һӡǣͬһض˵һ㣬ȷʵʸҵĶֻ֣Ҫȵﵽ쾳֮󡭡

ڹ㳡֮ϣСҧ촽һǵѪϺͮͮɫţԼ˴Ѫˣ
СΪ츳öϹеСʱܹŰ򣬽ʵʵһȭ˿ûϧ񣬰඼ļˡ
һʱ䣬ίͷߺӿͷС۾Ứ
츳Ǻãǹȫƣ֮ЧֱǰһСŮ޷֮
쵰Сҧÿ졣
Թۣע⵽׼ϼһֻɫѿ˵㣬ȴûйȻվ̣Ǹ簮Сʦûе
ĶԴ˵ʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽һ˶㣬ҪٴôЩĮ
СӿһСǵͨ죬֪򲻿ܴӮȴ
С˾ˣɣ׼ڵҿ˵С֡
С˶ţת̨
֮ǰԼǵøҵ˭ҡԪ˵
һʵģСҧгݵĶ仰޺޵³
ĵӶʱ۷׷ס
СҲˣֻʮꣿ
СƵģһսǳһϵȥʵԽȥʵΣ
ΪԽԽɽ֮ܶ߳󣬻ǹȡϣһɻ壬ڵʦүΪգڣҲвΪգ̣ԽҲˣڽɽŵҲ쵱Ϊɽ֮µһˡ
ΪʲôҪȥԽʡ
ٺ٣һȻͬͬˣ㲻˰ɡ
ＤңԼȥҲ׵ģȻԳʵΣԽЦЦ˵
СһսȷʵʵҲܲ²һԽΪܿѾսںĵӵʱ
ԽȻΪ֮µһˣ״ӣ̤ڵĺĵȻкܴ࣬ȥǾŰԽûиŵʯϰߣԷʮ꣬ˡ
ǸԽһһͣڨڨ˵ˣʵвԽ֪Ҫ仹ϣǾɵӡ
Сһս֮ΪڵĵǶʧȥд£Ǳî˾Ҫڰ˵ڵɱƬײڣһɽһǰ޷Խ
սûУΪ죬Ӯ
ӮǾӮ˵Ҳûκ塣
֮ǰϳԱ˵Ըɫ࣬ղֵʱûɲмˣĵһǹ̽ɷ־Ӷ࣬Լӹһ١
Լ³֮ǰʲôպһسĺݻԾ;﷢ëҪûʵȥĻǺ룬Ͳˡ
ڵӲҳǾֻкڵӳˣһ߰˳ߵĴϹ㳡֮У˵ʯɽʮ꣬ս˵λܣͽ̣
ʯɽ˵ʱ۾ʵһֱʵ֣սڣ꣬ʵ˵ȥ
ʯɽںĵڶӣԶ٣˵ĵӿʼвƽˡ
ڵıȲǾͿʼȺڵˣ˵һŶٺڵῡܣôӦù
˵ĶʮһУһʮ״ӣʮĵӡ
ʮ״У˴ﵽ˺ڡ
ʮĵа˴ﵽڣһʮ˶ѡ
˵״ӵʵһȺĵǿߵĻֻ츳ʵ
Щ״Ȼ츳ߣΪСʵγڣɽĽԽ׼ڵСˡ
ڵ˵һЩÿŴʮҵĺῡܣżȴʮˣҲܰ˵ˡ
˶٣˵ӲŻƽ
ͬȺĵڶһվҪӭսȴĵסˣʦ㣬Ըǻиûأñ״̬ԸЩһǵսҪһЩ
ĵһڶῡ֮ıƴȻȺһЩ
˵ͷʦãСģڵĵӷǿöԸ
ţ֪˵˹㳡˵ãʮ꣬ǰֽ̣
ʯɽЩ̰Ŀһۣа˵ŮǶ࣬ʮа˸ŮģһöڣǺںڴ꣬ĸø˳ۡʯɽĿⲻɱõظͣ˼Ϣʱ䣬ԹʯɽɫȫһںѴ˵˵Ӧ
õɫʱѿ


365 Ȧ
ܺ۾Ԫ˵ֻȻǲ溰ġ
ٺ٣СӣϳŵĶѵ˿۾ڰϣ㲻ܹŰɣҪŹܰҲˣֲǣ㿴ɣ˵ôŮģҲ˷ˣǺڸô
ʯɽһϯ˵꣬÷ζըˣһ䡰áҲ˷ˡ˵Ůʲô
ɱ㣡
һһͦеĳֱʯɽȥ
ȸ¼һʱóĻͬѤõ񻨣кʯɽϡ
䣡
ʯɽһɫĺʵϣסõĹñĹͬƮҡҶ·ʱҪ飬ǾͲôһ㣬ÿڼʱ򷴵
תۼѾ˶ʮУʼûֹܽơ
ô£˷磬ڵԷƣǰͲöֿ񹥣ĶԷԪҲõƽֵġЩˡ
ʦʵȻȱս飬ǰҲֻǲμӹŻ䣬Ǻĵӿ˴ʲôģڵӶԴ⻹ǵһΡ
Ժڵʱ򣬵Է֣õķ֮ϵҲҪԪģȻɵĳȥǿһ»
˵ĵǸżҵĴ֮УҲû취Ԫá
ʮ֮ҲˣԪѾ˽ˣԷԪȴûô
ɵ÷Ż˹ƣʱʯɽٺһЦһȭֱõš
һҧ׼ʯɽȭͷһ£
磡
ཻʯɽȭͷϣһؽƷıȭףڵĵӣȭͷľӶࡣ
һȭõĽһȭֱõСȥ
һ
ʯɽĿ¶֮ɫһȭӳӿΧĴƷ·𶼱ˡ
֮ǰ̫һԪûܼʱһȭԪನƵ󵹷ȥ
һˣˣʯɽ÷̵Ļᣬǰ㳡󷨼ӳֵļӲשʯɽ̤ú졣
ʯȭ
ʯɽȭ磬ȭӰ裬ȭ纣ϯýϵԪȫȭɢ
ȭǬ
ʯɽһȭµȭɽѣ̣
ۣ
ñɳȥɫ԰ףѪ߹ֱӶ˼
á
ʦ㡣
˵Ůӷ׷Χãû°á
û¡üѵҧ촽˵ˣ̫ɵˣԴҡ
׹ʯɽǹＤƺֻɾѣףôС˵ʵս̫ˣôᱻ˼Ҽ仰ʧȥǡ
ȴĻܴƽ֣þúܶԲңսģһͿء
һõƣ˼߹ǣ˵мƷҩˣ߹ǻָĺܿ죬Ҫμдȴǲˡ
˵ʮ֣ʧȥսĵĻ֮ǰһս̫󣬶ʱҲܳսһսֻ֮ʣʮˣԷţһĺĵӻûһֵģ״Ӹû
ٴ˵Ҫ˿սĵزˡ
ɽɫܲãҲֻĿЩĵȴܳ֡
ϱʵдԼ׵ĳ˳ȴӱԵӿʼٵĵӵΣΣ̶״ӣϯ
Ϊ϶ȳڣٵڣһһ죬ȹеĻͨӾûгˡ
ɽڳ֣˹أҶĻչƼҲҪˣСҪԶѹһҲɶ١
ʱ˻硰סš֮Ŀࡣ
һҪ˺ˡɽ˵
ţݣдʱҲûôԵԣ֮˴Ҳ򣬶̫ͼڼӽֵѹ˵ÿζܳЩͷһΣΪϺħ飬ҶžԽԽƴˣֶҲػˣԼİݱӣҲֻܿЦˡ
˵䣬̨˳ˣ˵ͺĵǰˣñ𽻼ӣҵţתۼʮУʵ޼ں˵Ѿã˴֮˽⣬սֻǲʵ
˼һʱ䣬иˣȴǲָ¡
ٴȥҲûʲô壬һƽְɣ
˵
˶Ѿദˣٴȥͳսˡ
˵Ӳĵ̨ʱ򣬺ڵʯɽȻˣ߰˳߶࣬ųߵʯɽվڹ㳡룬ͬһһ㣬ʯɽս˵λӢ
쵰Ȼˣ
дݵĹأʤˣԼϳսβޣҪһĻֻܹԹԵڹϯϣǱս㣬ûʸ̨սˡʯɽӮˣȻսʸ
ʯɽ˷ܣ¶ĻʮѵõģȡøõĳɼԼй⣬ҲõŵĶӣȥ֮۹͡
ݴ͵ķʽһʵãȴûĶԪü϶¼ŵҩһʱ䣬Ѿָ߰˰ˡ
Ҫս
֪λ˵ܿԴͽһ
ʯɽ˶ҧߺ޵Ŀթļһ޲ýһ٣˵ĵеĵȫսˣֻʣµһ͵ڶԸʯɽĻԺһĺĵˡ
ҧҧ׼ϳ֮ǰһսӮˣսʸȻһսĲСָһ롣
ʦã嶯ʯɽöԸ㻹ûָٵȼȫָٳսͽСˡ
ס˻磬˵Ƴһʣļںĵӣĵӵһµ֮⣬Ҳûܳսˣʣµľ״ӣܶˡ
ȥҲֻԼܳˣվʱԪλʦ㣬ҳսͺˡ
㵵תȥվ
ʦܣҪսڵĸ֣һ¡
ǡ
ղûеһʱ֣ͨսĦƷźŵʵиס
óĽǣʯɽЩƷǰĺĵӣʵǰɱĻࡣ
Ȼ츳ãϾСųĺ۷֣ЩƷźĵǺھܱ۷壬ǵ˺۷ʱ򣬾ͿԱˡ
ʵҲ֪
ʯɽվǾȣ˷ܣӣĴָ˴ͷٺЦ˼ɣˡ


366 ҽӼ
ʯɽһսȻΪ̫û취ս
û뵽ڣԼˡ
ʯɽûӹ츳ԵģպܻΪ̡չƼ˵ǿߣڣ̻ԶԶ
ʯɽΪ֮󣬾ԲĶ֣ǲڶԷСʱ򣬺ݺݵĲһţܰһڽŵ£Ǻгɾ͸е顣
뵽ʯɽϵЦŨˣĳЩǸϹõЦݣ˿ֱƤ
嶯а𣿲оϣѾڵһͷΣ㲻ֱҲ˵ʲôģҪˣ֮ǰӮҲ⡣ǵ˵
ͷֱԵʮİա
ʮİգ
סˣΪи߷ְվ˲ˣ˵ʱһЩأû뵽ֱһ䣬ʮʮİգ
˼Ҷô˵ˣ˵ʲô
ոϹ㳡ʱǧԪһսûɣ
û⡣ѭȥȴǧԼЦЩã΢΢һ£ʲôֵø˵飿
ţҲôϳҲûġԺСǧȻǸԼǰ׵ˣɽ£ؽƷȥˣʲô鲻ܡЦĴʦ˵ˣӮʯɽ㽱
ŶһϲȺ£ƷŸĽȻǴڻɫ
ʲô˾
Ǻǣ㻹𣬲һ£ǧ˹ӣһ£ǧ궼ӵĶ˲õġ
ʲô
쵤
ƷƷԪʯ
ЩȻֵƣǴڻĶ൱ͨûңӦ벻ǧۡ
ôѵħ龧ֿʵҩ
Ҳܣϻֲ̫֪ԼһصĴ辳磬ħ龧ǵȼҩ˵ҩûʲôֱϻ̫ûԼһЩĿǰò˵Ķ
ʵĵرôһ𰸡
ֶ˶ûã쵤㶼˰ɣԶ˻ҪʦĽȸ֮ѪҲʥѪֲ
ʥѪֲһ£ڵһνӴȸ¼ʱ򣬾ǧ˵ȸѪǿֲġ
ȸ¼ߡ䡷ľ磬ҪȸѪ޷
˵ȸѪ˺٣ӶǺֲġνֲʵȡʥȸѪֲ뱻ֲڣӡʹ뱻ֲߵĹ֮УѪںϡ
ֲѪǳ΢ֻŵӵĻϵԪ϶Լȸ¼츳Чʮޡ
˵ֲָѪȸ¼͡䡷ĺĲˡ
ܱǧ˵ģ϶ִ·ʥѪֲˡ
˵ӦòŵӶеѪֲɡ
Ȼǡǧûĵ㻹һ㶼ԿȸѪֲʦ𷢻ˣӮµԽ࣬ӮµʵԽǿΪֲѪԽŨʦοǳѪˣѵá
ǧЦǺǵ˵ΪĻᣬҲǳ
дϲȻȸѪֲѪѪȫʥ޻ߣʧһЩѪʲôܲʧѪĻǾ˼ˡ
һ־ѪԪΪѪʧô߱ɡ
ҲѪѪ֮ԾѪΪġ
Ҫȸ¾ѪֻһֿܣǾȸɱȻ
ȸվʥޣνԡֻˣصˣͨ޸ãȸȴΪӳ
һȸͻһ
һֻȸµľѪҲһСѶѡ
ܵõ㹻ȸѪֲѪĻȻѪ޷ǧƱ⣬ȸ¼ĺĲ֣ȴ㹻ˣ
¶ȸ¼˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
ڴ֮ǰ˵ǧԭ⣬Ľϣ˵츳Ҫ˵Դгһգɾܺ󣬷˵ǿʢƷš
ÿǷ˵ʲôԵŻϻ̫ǰûκεͷ˼
ǧȸѪ֮ȴƽˡȸѪκһ˵ӣкô˵һмֻȸжȸѪ˵ӣһһ֪жˡ
ȸѪܱϻ̫Լ᲻ãóĶȶ飬ġ
ϻ̫óѪյĿ潻Ҳ¶ģ˵ΪƷţֻҪɾܣ˵̫ѵ顣
ϻ̫һۣȴϸɶϣɫҲû滺˼ġ
ϻ̫Сӣ̫磬ҪǴ˵Ļʲôûˣʱޡ
¶һЦ٣Ӯ
ߣӮʯɽţһӮˣȴиĺڸս㣬żʮ֣Ӯʱ
ϻ̫һ˵ȴӿһɺһһһٵ˵ҽӼ
ϻ̫סˣСӻӦÿһЩ˲вӵǣǿźͽִţԽǵǱ򵽼ޣ
ãǾ㵽ܽ¼ϻ̫ҲڴȲ뿴߶Զ
ϻ̫˵˵꣬ʱһʱ˵𣬡ֵܣ㵽״򲻴ˣ
תͷһʯɽٺЦԼЦݿƺʵЩթζ档
ŷ֣ǧϻ̫̫ãԼվڹ㳡Եṳ̂ء
ʯɽȻΪˡ
Ϊһʱ嶯վߵ·ȴкˣΪİ·ڱܶսĻȻˣҲ޿ɺǡ
ɲʯɽϣġ
˹ֵֵܣʵǿݹһߣ¶ûӮģ׼ڵʦöԶԶĶ֣ȻǺڣ޶ۣġʥţҲжơֵܱϾС˵㣬Ĳܴ򣬰Ҳǿֻǲܼʶµһ֣ʵеź
ʯɽƸпǧ˵һʥĴñӿԼ̧ʵɱɱַԲƵıͣǼʲôĸ


367 ʼʩ
ʯɽǸڳˣԼֶԸԴСʵȻѹСôսڵĸ֣Ҳһս֮ʯɽԼһλϣӮҲӮİá
Ȼʯɽ䣬ĵӾͿʼ˷ܵⳡսܵĽ
ӦսֵʱʯɽЩǿӦȴӱԵֵġ
ʯɽķڹƵģƲ˷ʯɽûʲô취ʱ˾ͻ䡣
δأٶռƣʵڲζͿˣӮʯɽҲа취ڲ֮ء
ߣ˵Ҳܰˣʲôƽ֡
׼ڵϯһڲˮһԼãһߺ޵ӣЦʵС˭Ӯ
СƲƲ죬мɵ䶨ˡ
Ŷô϶Ӯô֪ģЩȣоôɵӮС׵ߵʣʵѿ
Ҿ֪ССһһý͵ӡ
ĵӣ˵ĵӴΪеǣûʲô۵£еزѾΪʶԱˣ˵ѾֱƵɽˮĵزΨһһһЩˣĻ˵ҪһͿˡ
ڹ㳡֮ϣʯɽʮɾվ
ʯɽܿģˣڽһսڴһ֮ʲô顣
ʯɽԪе֪ΪʲôôŸ㽻ô
˵ʯɽ˵ꡣ
ٺ٣ʵԭܼ򵥣츳̫ˣ̲סһţ뵱һǺڵӵʱֻһСӣǳһĸǧòǣָ߹ָţҵʱ뷨ǣҰˣôˣҲӿлŮ˰ˣĴŮڣζڻҲŮһŵԵĴ壬ǹ竵ŮѹҾͷޱͨ
ڶ˵㽫ΣǰϣǵǸ˽еһ
ʯɽ˵úܵ⣬һ֮ı飬꣬ͻȻЦˣ˵ôϻʵڸǸǹʼʩҵķŭҲһеĹķ֣ôôӮңȴҪĵֶΣ
Ļʯɽɫ΢䣬Сӣ
ֵģ˵ңγţüƼ㣬ţ͹𣿡
ֽеǹһЦԸ
ԸһƱǣǹâ˸ܱߵγһɷ籩С
ϲ򣡡
˫̤棬ͬʸһ㼤ȥǹХǹһ֮ɫǹ֮סˡ
⣬ƺҲмˣʯɽʮʱ仹򣬾;е㲻ԾڿʯɽܿǹʼʩԪŭ
һ֮ǰøոмƣΪС˵㣬Բ죬ҲڸõͬȦڿһгȥӣ˳ǱʯɽĻŭˡ
ƺѾԤصޣܵ龰вڶһŨŨľ֮С
ԣ̫嶯ˡ
Ҫˣ治֪ʲô
˵ڿս֮ǰڻٲ˿Ҳ׷ƷԼжϡ
չƼҲ΢΢ҡͷܿģһ侲߲ñŭңοʯɽֶ׾ӡ
ʯɽǷһ˿Цû뵽ô׳յģ֪Ǽƣɵײµɵñ츳ٺҲɲţעҪڰ·ϣ
Ԫܣ
˫ֳ֣ɫĺʵֶʱָоʯɽ̫Ϥˣ㹥꣬ԷؿȻ
ͬһؾվΪѵʱܻģǺڵߣʯɽԼķųš
Ȼɫâ֮еǹʱʯɽɫȴЩˣоǰķ·ǹһĴɽһ㣡
䣡
ǹǹصԪϣʯɽֻ˫۾ؽȫʧȥֲ֪ѹŸ첲ݵ˫ϣȵõש飡
⡭ʲô
ʯɽоĪҪʱר̵Ĺһڵˡ
Ŷסˣ
Ը⣬ղó˴֮Ԫֻǹ˽ƷıѾ֧Ųסײˡ
ʯɽȻм԰ʱ
ǷһȣǹңڹƵԪܣұȴ̵ɱҪöࡣ
֮
агŵױǹĿϹ˸ЯŹ֮
䣡
һǹԪϣʯɽѪӿ˿˿֮ȴǿѹ֮Ԫ֮У綾һʯɽ壬ȫ顣

ʯɽҧƴĴ߶ԪԪܡ
ǹ˿
ǹԪҵ˵˻â֮еǹХ
ǹײԪϵһ˲䣬Ϣ֮͸֣ʯɽڣʯɽֻûĹͷɢˣ·˸
ǹ
ǹ
Ĺͬһ㣬ʯɽԪֱ͵ĹΣȻȴһֱû飬ڵĻ֣ʩ߱Ԫάֻ֣ҪԪϣͲ顣
ʯɽֲֻܱƣԷ͸֧ԪΪۻģˣҪάֵֻͬʱס֮˿˫ش
ν಻ԡ
ȻΪԪܵڵټϳĿɫâӿֻѤԪײûвʯɽʱĴ
ã˽֣ϸڴܱĵӣս֣ƴԵ۹ʶͶԹ⡣
̫ˣڲʵ£ҪƺڵԪܣҪķѼںڵӵԪʯɽԪܱεʵҪȴǲܡ
ţڵԪܣǿǿ˷һԪùʱҲˣԪܱεԭֻʯɽʡѡ
ּʶ㷺֪ڵķҲ֣Ԫֻƫŵһ֣û뵽ֶҲ˽ô͸
ʲôֻԪܵĺڵӽֹˡ츳ãԸ嶯ԣѳΪĸ֣֮󡭡
Ϊֵӻû˵꣬ȴ˴ˣʦ֡
ʲôЩá
Һ񿴵ԪʯɽѾѪˡµȫǡһֻʮģɴ۾ԥԥ˵


368 ʥ츳
˵ʲôѪ
겻ŵĿ㳡룬øǹһ˲䣬ϹԪҲԽݵļ϶һֱ֧ԪܵʯɽĲҵģ
ͷɢɫ԰ףǿѪѪؿڵ·ѪȾˡ
סˣͣŵĿʯɽıӣ˵ˡ
ʯɽʱν಻ԣͳŲסˣӲţһԪ飬ͻøң
ۼһǹʯɽֻһĶڲԼʲô˰ֱһޣһ弶ϵģ
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С˰ʤһһǿƺûʲôԵѪ鸡ļ
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ģˣ
һڴ󺺺йԼŭ顣
쵰ˣǵϯΪʲôϳװ̡չƼ֮˸ʲôԵģȥַ
ϯϳĻɽСܿ𣿵ʱϯӹУǲǰװС³ϢôǶսˣһֵô㿪ʼһ
ģȥһСӵ硣
һͷվȴߵһɵˣ㻹״ǰ壬ȥͲˣ
ߣҾͲôõսˣ˲ɣӾӮҲҪե
ҵţǲòһ޷ܵʵ£ǾΪֲ
ȻÿսԪģĵٶ֮˷ָȫһֿϣĸо
ʱ䣬ȻϳոհĳƷڷƹģƹȳչƼ֮⣬ҲֻڳƷǰ档
״ڶˣȥӭսҲգ
ⳡսʻ䣬ʥҲŲ¼ʮ֣ɹؼڣ˭ڻң
ܵ״ӣһóǱȽƸеİ֪ǷϡԼë
³սʵҲϣԼǸˣǵĸ߰ϳȥڻҡ
ϳСڻָճҩˣ
ѾʮϢʱˣЩɫʼˣһʮСӶڼſڽȴû˸ϣʲô¶
ʱ˵ӵʼ
ָ磬ģ
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ȻϸɫѿһѾÿ켷ˮˣϸˣû뵽Լôһ̬ҪǱ֪˵Ļϸ첻ȥˣ붼ñ䡣
˵Ӳӣ·зħơ
Ҫ֪˵ߣǺĵӣ֮е֮ӣеĹ˼Ůľ͸˵ˣóһݶһԽٱ
ڣҲ֣˸߰ɤź
˵Ůӷǳ࣬ݺݺŮСͨ죬򻨳շչļĵӻô̵ˡ
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ȻԼǻֿۣ˹Ķﱾԣ޷ѹơ
˱ˣѹ̫һͷ಻һеվľȻ̨ȥ׼ڻҵģ׼ΪӢ¾壬ľӭΧͬĿ⡣
ͷ㣬ԺʱصĶ磬վɹ֮Ļ
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һƹȵ״ʵڿȥˣҲվǷƹĵӣΪչʵȳƷǿû̫ա
ֵܣ˭֣۷߿չվΡΡʵϳʱŸܵѹǿɸ̨ߵʱһѹţ̨ϣӵĻźʱѹǴﵽ˼¡
̨ϳǹݶѹݻһָΪǿҵѹȣЩܲסˡ
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չɵһۣԪȥɣȥĶǵ˼һָĶࡣ
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չ˺⣬Ȼһӡ
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һӳǹǹڵϻһ£аɡ
չǷһȣ¶һĨζЦݣЦ̺׽ͳζ΢΢üСʲô
Сӣ㵹ù
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ţ
չһԾʮɵĸ߶ȣţٶȿʼȵٶȽ͵ʱ򣬷һʼδ顣
չȻչ˫ۣԣλƵͣ˰С
Ư
˵ĵסˣ˷ƹ֮⣬Ҳסˣ˵ĳЩҲ΢΢ݡ
ŶСһ˼ƹڷ֮⾳ϹȻ˲ű
չҲǷĽ֮һɣص⾳һҲسƷɲƹǧŻۣ鴫
һ棬չСӵԺãɿҲÿƹȵӶѧģ⼼ɼգһУҲֻչѡ
ֻ¶һĨΪŹֵɫɿ
չӰƮӣʱϸСγɣǷ֮ԪƲȵı־
۹չһûκʵսֵν׾Ӳ
Ҳһ£·Уʲô˲飬ǰһֱؽܣ׹ôףڿ֮ˣܹڷ֮⾳ɿյļɣҲΪˡ
ԼûҪΪһЩԭ򣬱˾Ϊˣٶһڷ֮⾳ϵҲû˻ỳʲô
ܹý飬սжȻڿбݼҪˣ˷ʤ
ʱڿеչѾɵ˶ʮɵĸ߶ȣڵϿȥֻһƴӰѣٺһЦⳡսѾڲ֮أҺΣ
չܴԼܶô÷ɿƯУȻñĳƣټԪеԶ̹ƣһսԼˣҲܰĸ߰˰ˣʲôʱȥ
ֻܱ򣬶ʮɵĸ߶ȣȻܹﵽʱѾûʣˣչȫһʱķ򣬴ܡ


373 ǹ
չڶʮɸ߿֮Уǹŵ΢Ц
ƣӸ£䶨ˣ
չʵϣսµߣڿû취һȻ޷Ĺʱ徢þʱʽϣ
ټϲܹܶǾõİӣǾ൱չչ֮á
ˣ˵˿ˣӺ޲ðϵӹȥ
޳ܣдôô
˶ͷڹ
̫Ҫˣ˵Ů˵ۡ
ߵɫЩÿղվǰӣҲ̹ȻЩǺ޵ҧгݣǿɲٱڼſڽ
ֻҪԱɣʲô޽ڲٵҲνˡ
չǶ˵ӵ䳰ȷţԹűȶսֻҪܻʤֶΣǺֶΡ
͵Űɣҳ鲻㣬ޣ
չˣԪĶɫıȻӳϹɫâֻವһշ·һг룬ɳıӣȻչҲǷ֮⾳Ĵҡ
Ӱ뵽У׽
žžžž
ʮӰһ˲ӳɫıӰɫĽâǵصһɫϸ߽֯һһʱ䣬㳡ϵĵשͬйƵģһı޺ۡ
ɫĻԪһӰڻԪϣʱԸеӰ̺綾һڣĻһЩʴʣĸʴԪ֮ϢһӰҲ൱ѹ
꣡
·һ޸鿪һĿӡ
ţ̺ȻܹҵĻԪĹʽ֮󣬹Ȼ˱
ֽӰ뵽УԸ֪ٿǧӰͬʱһԸı䷽Ĺַ˳档
ȤԸоһ£չдһܲܵõһЩ򡣲Ԫĵеˣչһս׵Ļϯӣȫûʱ֮һսˣϯȻϧëԼһֱӮȥĻҪսġ
ֻһ㣬˳򣡡
ãͶɣҪ·òҿ㵽ʱʱ򣬻ô㣡
չڹ⼤ŭĵƺϲַʶչڿУһ߹һάָգԪıԼ죬Ǵ㼤ŭԼϿսչʹˡ
ڴﵽǰսвҪԾⱻ˼ҳ׼ᣬ߶֪ĳʶ
һʮɸߣԲеɱΪϽɱĻ𹤣Ϊڸ߿иս޴ð벽֣׽ΪŪˣ̶ɱ
ȻǸ⣬
Ȼô뼤ŭңôԸǷһȣһǹ˫ϥ΢׼һԾ
ţӲĶЦһмĵɣ
չʽĴ򷨣ֻܸģڿУԪĵĿ϶Ҫö࣬ĵչԪľȻӮȻͬҪĺܶԪˣҲֱܱܵĺá
ϿУǾ͵չʱֻܵӣ޴Ҳ޴ɡ
ϻüȻദʱ䲻ϻȴԸоһ嶯ˣңȴäĿҲɽõףôΪҪϿУѵʲôô
ϻ˿ǧһۣȴԷҲãȻ֪㲻˵רĿˡ
磡
㳡ĵשȵñѿͬڵһ

չһһ޻ӳһϯ˿вıӰбӰֱ˷ͬȺģ
ֻҪһ˲䣬ͻײ޵
ҪˡչƼüëһ΢΢ҡͷǼʤûӡ
벻ķӮˣܹӮˡ
ӵ۾ˣɵƾȻˣԼײ
ֲܼĹһУȻˣд֮Уһˣ൱ˡ
Ӷüĸоϲ֮Ա
Сٽװƣ
ʮӶʮҪ۵ģ
ȥɣ׳գ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ӮӵĶ䣬Ȼʯ֮䣬ǵҲϲ˵˲һ룬ʱѾײıӰ
еıӰ˷㼯ӹڵĽǶȣؿЩıӰһΣεģ
εıӰ¼׹ͬʱԾ˵ٶ򼴽嵽Բ֮УۿҪ˷ĹͬʱУԪҲҪըˣ
ڱӰ۵Բĵһ˲䣬Ȼ³ٶȿ쵽£һӰȴԭء
䣡
͵ıըɫɢ·һֻڱмɵһ㣬һһۣһ˼ٶȣڿлһ뻡εĹ켣ƿֲıըǹһͦӴչı
չʱֻͫըѤúӰϹŵ΢Цû뵽ô׾ӮˣˣͷԼ򵥣֫ԼʩСƣͳܲסɵôҵĹСը˰ɣ
ըͲˣըзϣټˣ˵ӮһЩԪʯ
չΪ󹦸ɣ׼ʱͻȻеֲ궯Ļ֮Ԫ֮Ķܻȼ֮
ţ
չȻתֻһֻķԽԽѾҰ
ֳֳǹǹֱָǹƣ
ڿն𡪡գ
䣡
汬ըͬ߿ķƼ䣬չʱ䱻û
ըĻһţɫԪⴵɢչͬһһ㣬ӿֱͦͦĵ
ת֮죬ʼδ
ӵķ仹û˵أͿһĻ֮ŵı˲ϡ
⡭ôܣ
ղŷʲô
ٶ̫죬ټϱըĻΣֻٲֿĶ
ڿиı䷽򣬶ȻΣٶ֮죬֮Ŀģ
ڳֶһȻܷɣڿǲڵıٶǶΪ֮գ
Ƿƹȵ֣һ˹ı顣
ǾǷ֮⾳ô֮⾳
ҾȻǷƹȵķ֮⾳ȶԣչķɿֱͳһЦ


374 ʥŮ˵
ɿһַǳص⾳򣬲ÿƹȵӶѧģɺԵҪ󶼺ܸߣһһУҲֻһ˻ѣչķɿǼΪˣҲֻһٶȷУ·ǲܵģ˵ʵսеãǾչղõ֣ս
ַɿѾʵսˣڿͬɵһ㣬μıһϢʱһܱըĿ»ߣӡ˵Ժ
ٶȣڵҲѷɫ̫࣡
ôǿ⾳ôģ
⾳ֶܴ½֪УֻܿԼĥ˵ȥ˵һߣ֮Ԫ򽻵ҲǷϵôǿ˽ܡ
ƫƫһ׻ߣôڷ֮⾳裿ǹ˷ƹȵĵӣ
ƹȵڱˣӵˡоԼľָͬΧ壬ΧˣóҲһͿء
ô˵ǰǷƹȵ飿
ôðģԣܴ
˵һϣϻһ΢΢˫ۣŸղŵһĻ
һҹ֮ѧɷգǷϵȴ֮⾳ڷ֮⾳ϵĳɾѾ߹ƹȵӡ
ԣѾⷶΧˡ
ϻ˲̶ֳ̫ȣһǾĳЩԵɷϵǣȷʵܳڣԡ츳ڷܡִţһ仰ݣһΪˡ
ڼ֤һʳƵ۵Ĵܵôϻ
ʱûй˷ܣһδֹͨʥţϻ˻ޱȿģһпܷʳƵ۵ĴܣȴЩûʧ
˴ܵĵҪ˵ĻۣҪűˣҲҪɵˡ
һɵһͬѵķһ㣬һķѴˣЩ˻۲㣬Ǹǻ
ʷѾ֤һ㣬ɷʳƵ۵ǵһʱͲƽʱˣһǣͿ̿Ϊ档
Щ̲ɣĴоͿˣǷʳƵ۵ǿȴΪˣѻڣǷʳƵ֮·
˵ĵ
ϻ˲дһʡ
ɣ˵ܻһԾţΪƷţΪܴ½ָʥء
Ҫ֪ܴ½ѾǧûеʳƵ۵ǿˣǿߵʣ¶ϻҲǴײβѾˡ
ǣǲɵĻ
ϻһʮǰǧãһ˫̥ŮӤ˼䣬ֱȸѪƷ츳ƷԪ϶ȣŮӤĳ֣Ѿǹ˵δ顣
˵ֽǿϺħ򣬶ڴʱȴû٣˵ڷƮҡ֮ʡ
ֵʱ֣
ҵľͬһϻ˵ǰһã֮Уƺ˵δ
ж費ȡ̣ʱУ꣡˵Ҫ˸֮ʣԥԶˡ
͸˵͸ǲܣɳֻ
֮ϻ˫ۣǧ꣬ƽĵд֮һʽΪͽʱʦˣЯ
ǧ΢΢һϲʦ˵Ҳġ

չӻˣӸ߿ˤʱ򣬾зƹȵסʮɸ߶ȣںʶˤҲˤˡ
һչֻǱˣ޴󰭣չƼתԷƹȵ˵ʦ壬չѾҷƹһ֣ڲֶε£ûӮһŻ״еĵڶֳսˣǻӮȥ
ţԳ֣
ǣҲҪɽС࣬ˣˣսɽСˣָһʵҲãҲ֮Σ
ӣ̾һҡҡͷип˵дǱԨ֮ټֻˣҲ֪δ
սʤչ֮һŲԪĵҩҩܵģԪͬԶ˾ͻӰʵӡ
ûнվˣڽɽһɽɫ۵Ĺͷ꣬Ժɮ
ɽ࣬ʮ꣬ͽ̣
Ϊһʮصĸо۾΢΢һڣ
ڵϯӻǺڶΪûͻƴﵽڣǰ꣬ƺϯӣȴкڵΪ
ʦ֣ɽӣ
٣ڳһˡǽɽϴ磬Ѿˣ
˵Ӱʮ꿪ʼѾˣʮΪɽ״ӵһˣȻΪ츳ѷûбɽΪϯʵӹɡ
һУڴʦֵ˵ڣųϯӣһ
ʦҲˣʦڣƣQ˼ˣ
Ӯ˼ɽĵӶǵĴʦܺɨ
ʦ֣ͣ
ƺΪѹ˵ӵźɽĵӿʼɤӺˡ
ڹ㳡ģʼƵᣬΪӵźʲôӦЦٹ¾ͶʮһˣдŻһӵݣڹڳµһսұսһɽ²Ҳսһû뵽һսȴ㽻֣һǳ֮Σڲ
˵ţԳҡҡͷ
ԼԶʮΪһķֽߣ˶ʮһͲһˡѾãпǵ¸صȻԼڣ֣ʵƲѡλϣʱվ
޶ۣƣϯ£ŲκˣӮңͿԻսϯӵʸˣϯӵΪвңʵȴࡣ
ϯӣΪŽӰģټһƷŵȫԴһӣʵȻܱġ
лҸ棬аɡӡ󲻴ʵҲȷʵǿ״̬ѵ¡
˵Ŀֽгһ˳ǹɫǹˣų߳ټϾŴ糤ǹͷǰһ
ྐྵȻҲǹģ
վڹ㳡ŵʱ׼һɫ԰׵꣬˫ֽ汧ǰϹ޵Ц⣬˫ü֮䣬һӡǡ
޼ЦʲôüϲԼضǿʦܣЦĸо
ٺ١ͻȻ˸⣬һһս˵ڵ֣أ
Ҫȥսţӻûʲô׾쵹ǾˡΪʲô
԰°ͣԶԶעǧ꣬ĵ˵ͻȻһ˵ʥŮĴ˵Ȥġ


375 
԰°ͣԶԶעǧ꣬ĵ˵һ˵ʥŮĴ˵Ȥġ
ʥŮ˵ʲô˵׾ƺʲôֲȷ
ȻΪǣ޼ʦܣֱ˵һ䡰صϿģ˵ʥŮ˵
˵ʼԪ
Ӽƣ⸽ôˣ·ڷƵġ
ɫ԰׵ļһʵᡣ
֪ΪʲôСƺ֪ܶ࣬Ҳ֪￴ô־
˼ţ԰껰˵ˣ׾°ͣƺڳ˼ʲô
Ų԰˵һȥսɽСĻҶԸսá
ԴԵĻʮֵĲ
ʵڲػȻʦҲ˼ֻͬ⡣
ʱ̨֮ϣеĳǹǹõþˣһ۾Ϳǹ׼ȷȡų߾Ŵ磬ǹһ
ֻǹͨɫģǹ˲֪ʲôϴ죬ĳֽȻֵʮ㣬һͶһǹǹĵԱǹҪõöࡣ
һ˵ؽƷǹҲǵؽƷǹ
ȵķ֣ԼȻȷǹļ
ƵؽƷĵǹǽģɲһʦģ
ע⵽еɣϤԼϲʱ඼¶Ц˵ȷҪǸǹôע⵽֮ǰսÿζҪֳԪǹսۿۣǷҪҽһǹ㣿
ȻһۿǹƲģԷ˵ǼֵǵϣǷŵ֮Уڷѡ
üëһؽױǹ
ЦûҽɽڣԲõʦҽɽǹʦɽʤΪҽɽǹ
۾ˣһǹΪţ
ǹáꪡìĻǹǹǰٱ֮õǹʦǾ֮ͨԪ֣˽⾳ֻˣõĵǹ
һ⾳ý⾳ǹʲô
ڣÿһŶ⾳мߵ򡣽⾳ϽɽĽϣԭӲĽĵּ֣ɣҲֻ˽Ĺɷƿ˽֮⾳֮󣬲ˡ
ټǽߣǹƷʿ֪
˱Ц֮ǰΪԶƷʵĺǹˣֻˣзʳƵۼǹʦױǹҲʲô°ɡ
뵽Цʦ֣Ʒ̨֪֣սĳˣȻһսȴڴһս֣ڴ֮ǰ»δͬǹĶֽ֣
ǡǡ෴Сܱߵȫǹģ±ǹǹͼ󣬲˶ʮ꣬ȴǿʦ˵öԣǵνּΪѵã⣬Ժ󲻻лʦܹˣһսұȻȫԸ
˵̧꣬һ˸Ƭ֮ǵ⾹һŽɫĽҺ壬ڻĽˮһ㡣
ţ֪̽ȥԸоˮ̺֮ǿ֮Ԫ
𾫣һΪĵرĽ̵ֿ֮ŻڻԵɺ֮µƾҵıȻһûȴԡ
˵ţĵһŽǹϣ󲻿˼һĻˣŽ𾫷·ƵģǹԶɢƬ֮ȵĸǹˣ˽ȥһ̣еǹʽΪؽƷ
ǶĵؽƷǹ𾪣һŽ𾫣ȻĽһף
Ҫ֪ؽƷǿ߶ЩˣؽƷǿߵķˡ
𾫡𾫡ˮȵȡ顢飬ÿһֶԼĶصãܻ˳㵡𾪡
ôԼҲŪһ𾫣ַںϵǹлأ
᲻ɾױ
뵽ǼֿЦҡҡͷױǷʳƵ۵ǿ߲ʹõģǹףҲҪҵ׵ĽˣȻ׵顣
һ͵ȼĽ𾫣ҲǹƷʡ
ǹҪǹͷǹ̫ˣϵϾûʸУĲ㡣
һ䣬ȷҪǸǹҿԽһ˵ؽƷǹȻƷ㲻жãٱǹҪǿࡣ
ˣ˵ֵһ̹֮Σоȡ
ĵȴˬˡ
ȻΪԷ࣬ҲûҴ·ԣֻ˽ֹ
ûиһǹ
һǹѾôˣٸһ˺ǹǻˡʦⲻǰʯͷǵĽô
ЩݵȻǹҪǴӽɽǹѧǹô죿
ʦ̫³çˣⶫôˡ
ЩȻСۣãȻ˸
ᣬ๰˵֮ǰսĳҪôҪôСˣֻһʣƷ֪ȻҪóõƼõľֻ˲ܺ죬һսݣ֮ǰСˡ
˵ţǹֽеǹ
Ķǹ֮ˣǹҪƷ𾫣ʲôĽ𾫲á
óǹҲΪõ״̬սдоԼǹǹΪֹҲڻǹѡ
ɽǹϵĻǧ꣬˵̣Ȼ֡
ǹһϹ䡣
ɫǹˣϡܿŵڣɫ֮䣬ܵĺɫ·Ѫ˿һ㣬ʥͩϸ˿ϵ֮µġ
˴糤ǹͷб⣬ںʯȸ𾫺죬ЩϣһмеľƷ
ûעԪǹ˸׻֮⣬ΧĿ΢ţͬϻ¾¡
ҫ۵ǹâĶʱסˣǾ㵣⾹Ȼһ˶ĵؽƷǹ
ɵǹͷһǾ磡޷ţԴױļƷǽɽȻܹ磿
ǹ˵Ʋǹ⿴̺׻֪֮Թ۵Ķϣ׻˫ϵʣѵһΪıǹ
뵽൹һǹ˭ģ
ڳˣȻʶǷóǹһʱΪȫĽ㡣
ĵؽƷǹֶҪۺĶ


376 ǹ
ߵĵֿˣؽƷǶһģûɣ
ôһڵСãܲõɣܶܶδУ
ǹͷģǹʲôģô̺ôǿ׻Ԫ
ǹϵ񣬶ҿݲ꣡ǹͷлʯ
׼ڵĵ˵ǶȻǳ˽⡣
ϵ񣬻ʥͩҲңֳϸ˿ϵϣ˵ǻڵӣǶԻϵľ˽⣬˵й֮޲
ǹͷлȸ𾫣
ڳ̫׻мңټΪ֪ǹóͻڼսкܿ챩¶Ҳûп߶µ󷨣ֻһĹǹĲϾͱЩ˸߰˰ˣ
磬ʯϵʥͩȸ𾫣ЩϣóһǼƷϣ𾪵Ŀࡣ
ôϼһټ϶ʦĴ죬ѾʹǹƷѾֱ׷ױˣ
˱ڳҲܴ̩֮ȻڽɽϯϿǹĿ¶֮̾ɫ
һ;ҽɽýȴ뻹ľ⾫ĹҲ̾
ǹڷ̶ϣȻϲҽɽƵıԪҽɽȴԶԶˡ
ɽϵʮǫ飬ԹɽһֱһԵ͵ţһֱǵϯҲԵһ
˵򣬶ĵͬ˷ܵţȻϵȸ𾫺ʥͩЩɶ˵ı
ϸѾܵγˮˣȸ𾫺ʥͩ˵ǼΪԴȻһˣܲʡ
뵱һЩȸȸ¼δõڣȴСǹ
ϸҧ̫ǿѾԵ˼ڿ֮еĶʻȼգѹѹס
ǹǿԺһսˣЦˣһѵؽƷǹȴǹɽõĶԼˡ
һǹ̫һ
ԭº͵ĿⶸȻȻһǹβǹɫХΧĿϯ˺ѿ̶ĺХ
һǹƻʵת˲Ѿǰ
۾һǴǹƽʱ˷Ĺ㿪ڣȴ㡣

Ȼһǹ̳û׻֮ûԪֻͨһǹС
Ҫĥǹǹǹ׾ӲԡǹΪǹνǾʱڽͨʿǹС
磡
ǹཻɲ֮䣬·˶˽֮ǹ̺һּΪǹһ棬Ǳһ𿪣ǹһ䣬ǹ·һǹǹ֮ϣеĶߣֱʺ
ǹ
һż⼱棬飡
Ӱˣ֮յıܿһǹǹڻԪ֮ϣԪƵġꡱ
ǹ
𺳣ǽǹղѾˣ
Խɽǧĵ̣ǹ·ġǹͲһλϵġ
ʦֹȻ鴫úã
ĵǱѹƵ̫ˣһ˶ſڣʮȴû˸ϣǹɱ֪
һռϷ磬ǾͿʼź
üҲûˣ˵ʦõʲôǹ
ǹ˵
ʲôסˡ
࣬˵һɵӶסˣЩſԱҲˣǹ
Ҳƻǹ֮ĶʽֶûдŵģŶ䡣
ѧľȻǻǹ
СӣЦɣ˵һӦǲţϸ룬ǹҲȷʵǲôϾ򵥵Ĵ̡ѡ
ӮĲǹУԪ׻֮ԼֲĹ
СѧǻǹһĴ·˾һ֮󣬵óۡ
¹ȭǹǹúܣСԭУǹװƵġ
̾ˣǲκһЦĻᣬ˵֪ǿףȴϣһ
ʲôǹжǹǿǵؽƷṇ̀
಻ɫʵҲõؽƷǹе㱩ˣܷܲӳ
˵ʦܣƺǴƴǹͷֻûǹĻǲӮҵġ
Ҹʦֽ֣׻Ԫȡʤս˵Ҳʧȥ塣
üëһб˺ʤ֮ģҪǹҹУ
򲻵ѡɸԼ˺·νǹǹļɣԼԪǹС
似˿׻Ԫ𾫣ЩʣʲôˣֻصǹУսȻ󽵵͡οڲ״̬Ҳ֪ĵûд
Ļʱڳڵɧ
ûǹսɽǧǹۣ̫˰ɣ
װƶѣû˵˵ʲô򲻵𣿿Űɣͻᡮ򲻵ѡˣȻķʲôġһƲƲ죬Ȼǲš
һʮ˵Ӷҿ϶ǿǹĻôҲȲɽɡ
״ʲô⣿ɽĳüɲΪǹܱȵùࡣûְվóȻ˵һϯûоû׻֮Ļֻͽ˳Цˡ
û´Ļеʱ򣬼ԼļޣֲǹϵĶ̰塣μдĿĲΪȡʤΪĥʵһɽϻ˵
սĥʵõķʽսд裬ˡ
˼뷨Ǻãֻôǹҿôܹһʼ˵ĽɽϲȤ

ʦܣǹѧѾ˵ҲûйǹĴУһʱäĿѧǹֻẦԼ࿴ʵûǹɣ˵ýģѡʱһţǹȽ˧ѡǹ
ȻˣǹеĽǹ̳ȫƶʱһǹֱӻ˳ȥͬʱһǹβǹʱԣ·һ趯Ķߡ
ǹУƺʶ˵㣬ܡ
ô
˵ӻӶ۾ǹ׻ԪƾǹϵǹУ뵲һǹѣ
ǹХǹâ¡
һǹͫԪ£Ĺͷžžı죬󣬺ȻһɫӰצʵУԿЩۣ
һڴֱʣϵƶ忪ˡ
ǹ
ǹȻûκοȦɵ֮˵ǴֲڲԴ֮ѪһǹڵѪȴЯɽ֮ƣ̺
Ѫ
ۼһǹྪˣȻǹ֮죬ɲκηӦǹ
䣡
ͬͽײһɫԪ˳ɰǧԼĲӰɢ䣡
̺ڽǹеĹȻͬƺƺһǹƻˡ
Ӱɻȥ߰ɲվӣҲʮ֮࣬һζƴȻƾУ
಻ŵоĪ
𾪣ڳ˶˵ˣȻڡơϴﵽ˳̶ȡ
νǹơ⡱ָǹͽ̺Ļ꣬һóǹʽֻͽΣĸ֣óǹнܽǹĻС
Ե绢ǹһ˺ǹͬһ㣬Ļ꣬Ҳꡣ
ССͣѾǹǹ̺ѾʵڱӰĳ̶ȣ츳ɳ죡
ǹ̫󣬸ղһǹѾ˵࣬ƾеĽ
ϻһŸղһǹƣӰǳ
ǹ
ǵġ
ǲӰǹµģǡǡ෴ΪͲӰǹɽХ졣
ϻ˸ҿ϶һ㣬ΪڸղХһɲǣĸоȸѪһֿ־ĸо
֮ǰ˵ģ̺ŵ֮ѪѪϻԪĿʵ
ûв´ĻԵˣҲƾšװɡ


377 ԰
Խ͹Ϊڸֲյף˵ûʲôܣϻ˾ȻţڣѪΪͣ⵽ǿ˵ͨˡ
бϾ̺־ǿѪѪİյҲ͵ͨ
ǧͷ˵ӰͽҲ״μǰʦȻʱһΣҲƵ龰ͽΪӦĳ˵һԶѪͨĳֻԵżȻõġ
Ѿ˵ˣصص˹ˣ汲ǷˣѪôֻǺԵɺµõˡ
ԶҵѪϻ΢΢ûô򵥣ĸԶҵѪܹڵȸѪΪ֮
Ѳޣ
ϻ˲ţܴ½Ͳڣ˵ܴ½֮ϣ򣬼ҲǼΪϡ٣Ū޾ѪԼֲѪ
Ūˣ͹Ϊôյˣ
ô˵һŹѪܣһһ˲õѪ
ϻ˲ȥ̽飬ԵʵˣԵҲζŴˣһʳƵ۵ǿȱٵĶԹųɵķʳƵ֮ˣۻ
ûǸˣȴȥЩʷѾ֤һ㣬ν֮ǼֵǵĶȻǣ˭õ˭·һ㣬дߣ޷ӵС
뵮һʳƵ۵ǿߣ˵δˣοϻһûʣ¼Ԫ̫ţֶܲ𣬾ƽµĵõ䣬ҲʲôΪˡ
ϻ뿴ģ˵ܲʢȥ

㳡ϣһսһ˫ǹһǽɽǹţһǹƣǹȻʣÿγǹɽХЯӿɽӴƣ˶˸൱
ϣ
ÿһײŰԪɫɫӣƺ涼šΪļ𵴣ǿսͬˮ淺һŤš
ÿһǹ̳Ӵѹǹ̺ŹȴܱɵĻ
һǼʮУڵԪ࣬Ҳͬˡ
һսʱһս
ʵȫԼ飬ѹȡʤȻȴûС
Ҫһսһǹܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
һתһǹ̳ǹǵΪŴ̳һʱǹȴ˲ǰֿռҵĸо˷ʤ
ۣ
ҵĿռ֮£ҲûȫһǹǹĻԪֻꡱһޱȵĽǹ̴ĻԪһĨѪ쮳
ţ
вϲô£ղŸоԼһǹ·Ǵһ㣬ûд̽ȥ١
ͬʱһǹ·ɽ
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صһֱҵеĽǹ£ĺˣÿһڵϲһľͽӡ󷨼ӳֵĹ㳡שȻһʮ飬שϲơ
˳֮߰վӣұѾ飬ָ΢΢š
ÿֲǹƣ
ղŵһȻˣȴѪӿҡ
ڹϯϣɽϵһµ꣬˽жķĽǹ˫кϣжʮ˵Сˣǹƣɽѹһ㡣
ȷʵСһǹţϧûʦ̵ǹѧʲôṇ̀ˡһɽЩϧ˵Ȼڿϧûмǽɽ

Ǵú죡ͻȻǹʱͷǺɫ󣬻ѪӿȻĵòᡣ
˴ˡ
ҲڴϢţսеҩ䣬ԪҲѾ߳ɶ࣬ʣԪУವӵĳɷ֣ս״̬һ롣
Ǹ峡ս̶ֳȣȻ䡣̾˿пƾУȻȴҪùȥ顣
á˹֣һཻ֣ѧණԼбҪһϵͳǹֲǹϵĶ̰ˡ
֮ȫһƬž״֮µһ˶ˡ
ʦҲˡ
֮ǰЩƴΪźĵӶЩ޷ܣʵ׻֮ǹ͸භ˸ƾеʱ򣬾ѾԤʧܵĽˣֻǲԸܡ
ʦҲˣ֮ϣϯˡ
֪ڵҲѾǿ֮ĩȴҲû״ϳսˣʤ̣ûٴϳսʸ
ֳһöҩǹվ̨ϣΣûнٴ򣬾ϯӳˡ
ϯӣ֪ύּ
ת˿ɽȴѾ׼ˣϯ֮Ľ
ɽС࣬ĻһЩʱָɽСͬʱϻ̫Ԫ
ǣʦ𡣡

׼ڵ򣬲԰꿴ӣʾˣսɽҰ£
԰˵
üֳ֮Σ飬ôӣڴ֮ͥ£ˡ
Ǻǣôó֮ΣãϢһ£ʡĵʱɡ
԰˵ţǹɵָʹζ˺ܲ
һ֮ǰ˵ģһս˵״ӵ飬ʲôв⡣
ʱ԰Ԫ׾콻ʲô׾վЦϻʦ̫󵺵Ӣ۳꣬ս֣ƺҲǿ֮ĩ˰ɣսƬ̣ҲϢһ£ϯд裬Σ
ţϻüһһǸ꣬װʲôģȻҪս
Ҫ֪ĵ̫󣬾ɽСæ¼ϢһʱҲ޷ȫָġ
׾˵֮Ҳϻ˻شֺǺǵЩãˣ԰굽ʲôˣʦƺǳ⣿
һģһĶߣʦ˵һڱһѰʥţܾ̫ǣǿˣ츳õó棬ԸֹҲΪ˽⣬ΪȴѾսʤԼ֪һЩܴ½أͱʲôʥŮĴ˵
ˣ⣡
ʲôˣ
һʱ䣬ɫ԰׵ļһǱһϹˡȻǴڴС˵ве飬Ҳ֪ǷĴڡ
Ӻ˼ʱ׾԰ԪţһжļƻУ˳
ţܲ


378 ħʥ
;Ϣʱ䱻Ϊһʱڹ㳡ģȼһִָߵ㣬Դʱ
׾ϣĿһɮ붨̬ӾһԣעŲ԰꣬ԷһԵϣһֻһһֻһֻ񱭣
СĽ׵ļһﵽʲôˣеɻѹ̫ˣ̲סԼ˵
ʲôʲôˣСһãȻı飬һöһҧ˴룬ʦֲʦӱҵʥô˵ѾüûʥҪţһĿɿڴı飬ҶúЦء
ֱüȻСȻδ˵磬ǲ֪ῪʼʱչƼǸɵӹҶԸʱ򣬻ڸҸпǧжôô˲أҵʱЦǿûʦ˵ҪȻչƼҪ֪ʦֱǧͬʱ֪ʲôأ
ЦǸƽʱܳƨչƼ仹Ϊ׼ڵź˽ˣο϶°ͣС˵һСҲ˵ģ·ĪҫԼһ㣬һûһҧһ㽵ı飬ǵȲ뿴ʦ̨ϴɱķʲôɽС࣬ԶԶԣرǸģɱǧһٵľأ
СԽ˵Խ˷ܣٲȻɲסƣ˵ɫԽԽѿֲԤУڿСĽ׿ʼСʱеĲԤӦˣԪʵС㲻ϲС˰ɣ
Сһߺ죬Ǳβ͵Сèһ磬˵ʲôأ
ͷһˣϲСӣһ磡Ľ׵û⣬Ҳļһõ£ڣ֪Լ˵ʲôСҲģҹؼԼҲǲ׽ӰĲ²⣬ûκ֤ݡ
һ

СʱȥˣѾ볡Ϣģ̸ЦģСΧдģɽ֡
ĽʼԼϯǰĺžơ
ϻע⵽ˡĽͻȻԪ˵
׾ɱĿ񣬲ɫϻѾڣϢҲӲĸ֪Ԫβסġ
ĽЦһҲֻע⵽ΪˣϹħȴǿƵģ˵ǰʮʱͼ׼ڣ϶Ĵ˲ʱ䣬Ҳȷʵ׼ڵĺĹ׼ڵӣֻ׼ڳʥŶѣлɣҲҲʲôɵ
԰ţĹʦǰϺһżҵϹžᣬϻ˾ǷƵۣҲƾһ㿴Լݡ
Ϲħ飬׾ڶݣ˫ۣʦ˵Ļᷴڰɣ
԰ٺһЦȻᣬϺħ˵֮սһ漰ǧŴսһܴģʱ򣬻ҪæʦôŵϹħһأһ֮ͻ͵ϡ
׾һĵϣǲҪˣУһǺڵģ
ȻֻҪɿ˵ˣϺħһսͻѡ˵ƻ˵˵飬÷ǳһʵϱʦΪ빦
ǾʥˣֻҪӦϷԶ־С
ģϺħֻ֮ĺȴûĳͻ༸ϺħΪʥأҲвġ
׾ûбʾȻϺħʥһֿµĶߣһϣ˵ȷʵû˵ĸʥصؿģħ۳Ҳ췭ظѡ
׾±۾˵Ϻħ̲˵֮Ӧܳʥ˰ɣ
»ЩҪΪʥأ»Ҫ̵ں̫СĽҡҡͷͨƷžʥػһκԶ·ҪǧĻˡ
ΪʥأӶԴûõģҪһǿҿʥӵ£ϣ׾ĿĽһۣѵõĹάһ䡣
ĽЦ£֪ǹάɷ־Ӷ࣬ҲΪˬǰ»ûţڣϹħ֣ټҵƷ֮Ԫ϶ȣȷʵôһ߿ܣҲҪд˼У
ⶫ翣ܴ½˿ڼƣ˶ˣǷʳƵ۵ǿȴϡ٣һЩ䣬ѰͻƵϹģʮˡ
ʮҲײβЩѾݺҲ˵
ãĸʣŶ̾Ϣʥţ⣬Ҳֹֻڣѡ
ҪΪǿߣҪһĴԵҪˡĳ˵Ľ׳ƷУܱƷŵΪӣ̶ϹħҲһˡ
Ƿǿߣ˼żԵʵͻͽᣬĺȺۣ
һһǿĶ֣ͬ޵еĴڣĳĳĳĳŵһһˣ׷׵Ľ£ͬΪսʤԽսʤʱ򣬾ö֮ͻĹһɱʤļ䣬Ϊʵ츳һ֣
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ټ˵ͷһһɳ죬ʮ֮ǰʮ֮ǰ֮ǰʳƵۣ
һ꣬Ϊپˣͱϻˡϼһһʱ䣬ԼΪһС磬ѾĪ컯ˡ
ٱ׾죬Ѿһʮ꣬ץˣҲڿ˼ȥϺħʲôϹħ
׾ͻȻʲô˵ǸСӣ»ΪĶ֣û뵽˵ȻСôһҲ±ˣ׼ô
Ǻǣ˵˵ĽƵ˵һ£󶥼ŽսȼǶԷмҲǿߺǿߣڸŵŵӣǵԡ
Žսһʹˣôţһʱ䣬һҲܳɳ磬սûκӰ졣
෴ս֮󣬱һĵв֮£ԸⱳͶʤһԸ½ƣһʤһʹ
ħŴսõֶΣֵĴʧȷʵҪһЩ׳š
Ľ׿һۣм˵ȵ˵֮ʶ࣬ԹԱϺħ½ҲˣҾͰѳľѪʬƳʬҲﾡˡ
Ľ˵ʱ򣬹㳡ϵһֳִֵ㣬Ҳȼ˾ͷ


379 ˫
˵ĵӣһʱ֮ǰѾصϯλϣŽĿԾ
һԾˮƽԾˣʢʮѵһû
ҪʼˣҶȲˡ
ɽʦ֡Сʦ㣬˭ܵ
ڴʦ֣ܳΪʦϢ״̬Ҫһˣ֪սʤϯӡ
˵ĵ˷ܵţǶȻģֻǹб˸ƾкϯһսʵˡ
ЩѾΪż˵Եӣһſڲ˵ܲӮӮϯӡ
ȻĵǾԲϵģɼһսвҰܡ
ϯӣɶž෬ѡεߣǵľˣһĵһ˶ҰܵĻ˵һصĴ
ˣϻ˵ȴ΢΢һ㵣תͷЩŵĿ㳡ڴ̨ףƬ֮ӭȥˡ
˶֪ô£ţǾͿһͷȣ΢ЦŵϹ㳡Ű񳯷ͼĺɫϼͷڣȥ쳣ϣ뷲߰ʮࡣ
Ƕסˣ˵ӸǾ˵ˡ
ǡǡڣ
ھȻˣ
ڴ˼ʮ꣬⻹ҵһμڣ
˵ڣΪɣΪΪ˵ʥŮʱͬʥš
ڳˣ˼Ϲ֮⣬ʣµˣҲֻڻϿɵӡ
֮ǰѾ˵ɽˣ˭Ҳû뵽д裬ɾȻ֣
Ҫ֪ʮһˮƽд裬Ѿò֪ٻأʱҲμӹΣʶȺۣķ
˵˼˵ǼëƤС£Ͳݵġ
Զɵĵ˲Ż˳Ծ
ʦ壬ôˣϻ˲ʵ
Ǻǣںɽ˫ؽʢ¿ɹۣ֪˭ʤ˭
˫ϻһ˵Ļеһһѵǡ׼Ǹꣿ
ϻ˹Ȼע⵽ڴĽףü΢׼ڣȻʥôֲ׾һֱ˵ľޱ֣Ҳûʲô⣬·һжƿ֮еĸо
ɿĽ֮΢Цſ˿㿴˼Ϣʱ䣬ĵͷϻ˷
ͬעˣǿҲֻһ֮ңѣȻһͬǵҪȥʵ̫ѣ
׼׾쿴Щˣϼһôܳˣǿʲô˰ɡ
ĽײۼüӦòᣬɾϳɾҲϳĹοҲ׼ڵġ׾ƿ飬˵׼ڵӣһҲ
Ըˡ׾˼ǰҲûʲô⣬Ľ׵ݣҲֻһ֪ѣ׼ڸ֪
Ľ˵ϼһҲûʮͷˣĲϳ̶ȣѾ߰ٶˣ
ߴﵽ֮󣬸侳粻ͬﵽ˰Ԫ
߲ϵúܻϻȻѾˣģһԪʱͻῪʼѸٲϣϵ̶ֳȣҲֻмʮˡ
ϺħǴ֮ٹ˵ǧƳɳ̫ˣĵûþҪͻʱòʧ
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Ľ׶ϻһЦһǡһս˵ῡܡ
һ˵һĵӶһ£ը˹ˡ


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һս˵ῡܣ
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Ľ׿û˱Ľԣû֪˭ʮĺȷʵţƣٶȿ첻һսǿ
Ȼһս˵ӵĻ߳ӣ˵̡
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ΪԼĸУ
ս˵ῡܣģΪʦôʦܣҲֻս״ӣûսϯӣһ̫ˣʦȥַӸ㶨
˵һƬ֮ӣҲûмĽһģΪߣս죬һ˵ʵֱ׷ʥҲδشӮ˵ʮ˵ģ˵ɽС࣬ˣ͹Ľ׺һˡ
λ԰꣬»û˵ꡣĽվڹ㳡ϣŵ΢Ц֮䣬ȻȻĴһľԪһʱ䣬вڵĵͼӶܵӰ죬ɧƽϢ
΢΢һֱӰ
Ȼ˵Ӱֻǵͽ׵ӣôķΧڣͬʱӰôӣ൱˲
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˵ףˣͬԿаħ
ҪĻֻ׼ڵҪʸ˵ϻ΢΢ü׾졣
׾ǺһЦվ˵ϻʦ̫ĽѾ׼ڵ޼ʹִ˵ĻԴ׼ڡ
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Ȣ˭ϻ˵ֱ룬˫Ŀɭɭͱ˵ĶĽףһ־ˣһ۶﷢飬ڲӡ
ȻĽȴɫ̹Ȼϣϻʦ̫ܽǧ¼ңˣ׼Ը޳Э˵ֿϺħ򡣡
Ľ״һǧסˣҪȢľȻԼ
˵ӣͬһе͹еˮˡ
еӣζըˣǧ˵ʥŮ൱ЩĿеŮȢǧΪޣƽʱ붼룬ΪǧڶеӵĿʥַġ
ھȻи׼ļһȻĿеŮ
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ȫܵõĻǲǻԵʲôֱǴ˼
˵׼Э˵ȫԽƾͼơ
ʼװģĹϺħʵɱһЩȡ˵ˣȵȡǧĴŮ֮׼ͻȻ嵹꣬ʱ˵Ϻħһս¾Ҫǰˡ
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Ľ׵׳ϻʦ̫ע˵ºûɣĪҪһʱʧԣӰ˵ˣ׷Ī
һʱʧӰ˵ˣвٺ٣ϻȻһӣֱߵôһľǺһ촷ۣһء
СŲһƴ㣿˵һСŵģ׼޳˵ԿϺħЦ׾Ҫд⣬ֺһհٰѣ꺢ͯɣˣҲûȤǣΪ˵ûǣעɣ
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ϻһϯ˵ȫţ˵ĵӶɵˣ׾죬׼һ泡ϣϻ˾Ȼֱϼˣ
㡭㡭׾ûϻˣϷ򡭡׾챾¼ݻǿϻɣһڿˮЩˡ
Ľ׵ļܵˮȻϻʦ̫˵Ǻãұһ˵ῡܵʵʦ̫ţôʣһ֮ʤ˵еӣֵΣ


381 Ѫа
ʦ̫ţôʣһ֮ʤ˵еӣֵΣ
Ľһڼ׼ϻԸǿӲϻˡ
ڼôӦǧĻ¸ע
Ľ̹Ȼϻ˶ӣе뷨Զ
ϻЦͻȻüһƱһۿɼĺɫ𻷱ǿĻ֮Ԫ۶ɡ

˲ɢȫûκƻûѰֻڳֻһ˲·𱻴ɽѹһ㣬׵Ľףֻ·⵽˴ػ
ϻİɣĶû¹˭ǧĻΪעҪıģԷ㣡
ϻ˵ⷬʱǧվϻ󣬿ϻѾΪ׵ĳ촽ʲôû˵ϻδޣȻϥŮѾŮһ㿴
һʱţҩζʮ㡣
Ľƽڱϻѹȵ÷ԪıģûȤȻʦ̫ϣǺðɣ±׼޼ʹݣս˵ῡܣ
Ľ׵һɰͲмΪϺħʥӣƷŵĶţȻ˵ĵӡ
ķʽȡǧĴŮڣٽ׼ڱ˵һѣȴ֪ϻ̫ŵ׳Դʲôҩһ۾϶ǵͽӣǶǾһڻؾҵ飬ѵǧһޣ
̫ţĪǷϵĲ֮뵽Ľһַ񶨣ܣԸϳҵݣҪˣҲûʲôѵֻƾֱΪͼıһڻؾң
Ľҧҧк޲ðϻǧУҲգȻȡǧĴŮڣǾ˵ϯӿ־ΪǿߣҪŴŵʬ壬ģұʤϻ˶ңҾµӵģǽ̤ѣԴ˻ؾ֮𣡡
ţĽС࣬Ƿһ˿ЦʹŮְɣϧϵѪԵĻҲǷǳɿڵζ
СüоǰĽ׾һĶһ㣬ԼĿԡ
һеĳɣ
Ľ׸ֶмĵԸ㣬ҪܳŹУһӮΣ
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Сüŭϡ
С࣬˵ĵӶŭˣĽ̫ˣĻ˵ȫΪˣһ߹У֪ԷԼҲض֣˵ֻģΪԷš
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С࣬ĽʥţУ䡣ϻС౻ʧȥǣԪ
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СཫԪ߶£ת䡷Ȼŭܱǣûʧ˷磬һͿʹֻ졣
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Ľף츳ѾˣͿ㲻ˣ
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Ѫа׿ߵľѪѪһʧˣǺѲģʧһ֣ͻӰպĳɾ͡
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кױӿȥһֻ޴ѪɫצӣС൱ͷץ
ѪצδС͸оڵľѪ·ܵĳǣڵԪҲ֮ˡ
ȳ֮£ĽҲҹȻСľѪл̵ϻ̫ưոݣֻˡ
һצŹ֮Сҧ촽ལųɫĹâһӰС֣š
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תɫĽ׵Ѫɫצӻײһ𣬹⻪˸Ѥ֣ıŮɢһܣĺɫ绡¡
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Ԫӹһɲǣͷһ
ţָо
ԪиܵһϤ겨ʱĽϳʱ͸ܹһΣʱΪǴڣȴٴθܵˡ
Ϊʲô
оɲ


382 ڤۺ
һʧĹڹ㳡ģСıѾĽ׵Ѫצ飡
Ѫצץ֮СС嵹ɶལųĿĺ⣬һ̳

·ʯײСһ˲Ҳ֪ٽѪצ֮ϣһѪ
䣡
Ѫצڱ飬ѪҺźɫСС·ʱѪȾ졣
Сɫ԰ףÿһһѪӡ
ЩѪʵ̺ѪаеľѪԪļ󣬴ģѪ
Ѫааʮ㡣
С࿴ŵϵѪӡٿĽһЦһӿͷףԼѾˣĽŪԼղһǺԹۣԼ͵£
һ㣬С෢ˣڳһЩҲͷһʱ䣬˶ʼСˡ
ŭ衢ӿСļ䣬֪ԼԷΣݵ䣿
ҧԪԩ޳ΪҪң
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ԭԭ򡣡СЦ
Ҳˣ־Ϊǿߣͨǿ֮·Ҫʬ̾ͣ˲ҹ̱ʤΪһƷŵϯӣҲǿǿΪ·ʸˣҳΪǿ֮ҲΪ˶еҡ
һ仰С೹׷ŭˣȥ
СӰٳÿһڵϣһһӳХϴſֲı֮
٣ûõģĽײмһЦĿ⿴С࣬˫һչĿĺⱬѪ

ľѪ糱ˮһӿĽΧɷΧĿռ·ǱѪעһ
СУֻһͣԺˡ
ĽаЦţһСӡ
Ѫŷһ˲䣬жȻʲô
ħ龧辳ʱһеĻڤ۲ħ龧еа־
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ѵǡ
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ֱ޷⣬ڤɱĶħʲôЩħһ㣬ƤһĻɫеĿеĲªޱȣʣǸͲࡣ
ڤۣ߾Ȼﵽһɶ࣬ͷ췢ƤҲֳɫͫΪɫ
Ȼ˵ӣߣƤͷͫʡ˳
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ڤ죬̤أϵ£ΨҶţļ
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뵽һܣԺ˲ֳֳ׾˼ƻƻ׾ŵЦݣ׾֧Ľ˵סһֱڣĽ׼Ѫаף
Ѫаױû⣬˵аܴ½а֮ʵͲôԣһħĺϻںͿڣа֮Ҳʲô
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ڹ㳡룬ĽСսý֣СȻȫĽ׵Ķ֣Ѫ֮У޷ѡ
ĽɢƣٶԱħ龧вڤ־ԽԽƶĽףڤеĹϵڤ۵ĺˣΣҲǸڤͬһħˣ
Ϻħ򼴽˵ĽʱͻȻðټ׾ֱ֣ѾʵĽϺħĹϵôɵ顣
⣬Ȼ˫ۡ
ʱĿĽ׵һ
䣡
ɫѪצѣС³һѪߵķһ㵹ɳȥɫ԰ֽ
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Ľ΢Цſɽ˳۵ľˡ
ɽ֣ǽһΣ
ɽɫ࣬ȭͷյýģԴӳ֮󣬼ʱָűƣΪ
ʱҲˣ״ӵĴʦ֣ҧҧ̨ļȴһְֻסˡ
תͷһȴ
ʦ֣ɡ̹Ȼ˵¹شͨһʵսܹȷе̽Ľ׵ʵݡ
ɽӿһжĽʵ̫ǿˣʥҲи֣֮ĽǱǧͬʱй֮޲
Ҳʥţֻʮ룬ټΪĲ࣬ɽҲаնԸĽס
ĽսʤС࣬ûã˭֪ʲô֣ɲȴȫ˽ԷȫʵվΪԼĽ׵սҪ൱Ͼⳡд跢չ̶ȣ˽ǶĪĴ
Ӯ
ɽϣʵ̫ãˡ
ļЩ̳ζ֣˵ˣ˵һϣˣһսɣҵΪСߣ̽һЩʱҲиӦԡ
΢΢һЦҲȰοʲôֱӳǹһԾ˹㳡롣
˵ͽ̣


383 棡
ϳʱڳڵһƬǶϢȴһ֮Ĵս
Ȼ˾ÿϧǣĽײһϣһڣһ죬еĲ಻һˡ
ļһȡˡ׼Сߺ޵ĿСȭͷԱ
εĿһۣΪĽ˵֮С˼û뵽ûʲôӰ죬Ҳ֪ûûλô¡
ûô򵥡˵֮ǰѾСһΣҪСڶΡ
ߣſɣСм磬Ľ׼ᶨ֧ߡ
ҡҡͷҲòϣĽףҪ̫࣬ٵһ꣬Ҳ죬Żһڽʵ̫ˣ
ϣӮȻϣЩã֮ǰսĽ׻ûзӳȫʵȽ϶ԣĽ׸ɲ⣬Сǰ޷֮

㻹ǳסұ׼ģȴڶϳˡĽֶ̨´һӢ۵ţΪƷŵʥţƷųΪֱһأȻаɡ
ұҲһһʶڶϯӣڶֹеĻѵãΪһЩ飬ҸıˡǷһ΢ĻȣЦζ
Ľü֪ЦʲôЦᣬΪԼӮĿܣƺûʶĴ
ǡǡ෴ҡҡͷûʶԼĴ
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ǻ߰ӣƵչƼ䣬ĮİװʱƵ뷨ǴСŵĹ⻷гͬûбȵùǵģǲɱһԼδ½ǵͷһȣĻ֮Ĳ࣬һ׷ϡ
ջĿ⣬˫΢أѾһ˵ţˣóƷţʥء
ֻӴǧ˻ۣڶһԳǿߵţɸѡˣɷʳƵۡ
㳡ʮʱ䣬ûһ˵ȫĵģипţῡǣǿһ˵֮սⳡսǵʵ̫ˣ߸ۣǰ˻һЩԼӵΣȴηѣҲ˵һ¡
žĹ㳡У˻ЩãȻʱǹһĽס
Ľ״ʱɹڵϣ˫ĿȫѪʶţֻΪ̫أѪҲģѾҡҡ׹ˡ
ԭ˫оǱʺɱεıŷ뿪˵仰ȻѵſѪȴֱð˵ˡ
֮裬Ľ׵У˳𲻱ΪĽ׵ϣ˳ͷ
ħ֮ˣͷͨħΪΪĴʣеµ׼
ħ֮ˣΪУԣΪΪԼôħã־
ĽѾ޷ſڣֻ䣺ȵ˵һ죬һһȥ书֫ڸ˿ӻ˵ĵرһͬȥǧƵ书ǰǵ·Ľǵ壬Ū裬õǵѪ
ĽţֿЦˣ˵ǳ飬һҲԶ
ĿҲɱ⣬ȻҲɱԼϧ츳ٺã˵һƷУ൱ڱ˼Զ岻ȥ
֡һ졭һᱨ֮裡Ľ׶϶Ԫ˵״̬ԪҲʮּˡ
ƺȫûĽ׵Ԫ΢ЦִĽ׵ļϣҪĽףĽһ㡭
֮ǰ˵ûԼĴڣ㻹ûף֮裿ܱǸûлˡ촽΢ԪĽ׶һʱ֮׹ѡ
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ĽһѾľ񱩵Уϣ
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˵ѾǷƮҡŭսǾ֮أ
ôԾĹעܳΪǿߣȻʱ˿̣˵Ҳð֮ά
Сӣ
ŭĪ׾죬Ľ׿ϺħʥӰϺħƶˣ
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׾ɫŭʲôһҪʲôϻˣҪµɱˣ
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ն࣬ûϻ˰㷴ӦĻᣡ
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ʱĽףѾһϢˣϣȻܵһûлȥֻʱһŭı鶼ˣֻܵɴ۾ĶĿ̺Թ֮ɫ˴Ŀģ
Ľ׻ûʶʲôоط֮ȻƣǶƷ˵а취ҽεģֻԴµʱٲˡ
ȻֻĽһԸ뷨ˡ
ȫĽԹĿ⣬̹Ȼųϵķŭǹһ˵˵ɱˣ޴˵û֣Ľ׻ŵġ
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׾ƱȻϻ˾ǰҲ޿κΡ
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Ȼ׾εĺܺãԪȴڸղһɲǷ΢ı仯ϻĲ׽ˡ


388 
Ȼ׾εĺܺãԪȴڸղһɲǷ΢ı仯ϻĲ׽ˡ
Ϻ꣡ϻɫҲЩ׾ΪŵԼпܸĽһġ׾Ѿ˽ͶϺħ˵߰˷ֿˣն࣬Ǻõؼǣô֤²̱ƹ
ϻ֪¹شһͲ壬ĺܲң˵Ҳܻ
׾˸Ŀͬ˶ɵޣźڵʯҲվˣ֮ǰϳԱ񣬱侮ʯĻôܴ
Ѫ˵С˼úݶΪһЩִԹͶĽֶͣҲҪȫδ棡
ʯ˵֮䣬ҲڸֵĹͬѹȣϻվǰҲѹ
ܶʯûаøУʯϣɲҪ˵
ʯЦһҲ֪˵˵ĽֶϺħϸô֤ݺڣò֤ݣ׼ɣ
ʯ˵䣬̨µɧ֮ǰŰĳƷɡʯɽˣǽ
¿ɷͬСɣʲô֤ݸϽóһãҶס㡣ϻԪ˵Щֵζô飬Ȼֱӳˡ
һǰҲû취Ϊûȷ֤ݣǰ֪ҪϻʱǷԵһ𣬽ֻ֮ܲҲòնࡣ
ƾԼһ֮ʣϻҲóȻ֣ᵽϻϣǿ϶᲻֮ˡϾһСϸɱˣսҲûжӰ죬ҪɱˣǾˡ
ʱֻĿĽ뿪˵Ϻħ򣬳ΪһĶߣŻҧһڡ
мҾ죬ɲһ˶ԼһŷѾˣŷӱϾȵˣϲĽ׾ûⷽĹ˼ˡֻȷĽף˺·
ϻ˵ɫױˣ˵ʲôûȷ֤ݣǲ²ģ
ҲȫǣһЩյġ
˵ţ̤ǰһվʯ׾ǰֱϵѹ
ʯЦƺѾȥȫľˡ
׾ɫ壬Щ飬֤ݣֻҪò֤ݣԼһҧѪˡ
һƽ˵԰֤꣬ʵѪ˵ĻôɱιΡ
׾üͷһ壬Ŀ֮¶һɱ˵ģû֤ݣϷһ㣡
׾˵䣬۾ȴϻˣϻʾϻʦ̫׿˵ģûʲô˵˰ɣ
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˼֣ϻ׿ڳŵ֮£Ȼ׼ʵѪ˵Ļãó֤ݣ˵ĻԳ֣֮˱£
ܵϻ̺ɱ׾һͻȴЦʦ̫ɼסԼ˵Ļ
鷢չһĻǧסˣĿһϰ¡
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ʰɣҿʲô׾ͱˡ
һ⣬Ľ¶Ծʱù׼ڹ
׾üͷһ壬ǣĽ޹ĽԼϹżеõģԹд˼ӹżлûԵ飡
˵ǡͷ»еڶ⣬Ľ׵飬׼ڴģ
׾һСӣѲ
˼ǰҲ֪׾Ľ׵飬ҲԼֻ֮ضѰģ׼֮
׾Ѿ⣬¶ԼƲϵõʱ׷Ͳ壬ֵѡ
ͷ⣬Ľ׵ĸĸǺˣĽ׿Լ
׾Ľ״Сǹ¶ĸĸֻǷˣսң
һ˵ĸĸˣ׾ı£Ҳû취ǳ֤
Ѿˣǰ벼¸ԪĽ硣
ϻüһ֪ʲô˵ģ˵һʦڸ½磬Ԫ
粼ãָֽһĨóһˮСĺɫξ壬˵֪λʶ
ţ
׾۾һУСϣܵһɹϡçϢȻǷ
ʲô
׾첢ʶʯȴɫ΢䣬ڵ伮ϿƵļأСӣȻ
վ۾Ŀһۣ˵ڤ֮ħıһλ߻飬ƬƬֱλǿߵõڶħ龧ԼѪܺ£ͻĸʣҲһţûпĻϵźɫ壬ħ龧ɣ
ڤѾǧ꣬ڳϹֲʶħ龧˲ֻ࣬ڵ伮пأҲֻɣֻǵʱѾͻħ龧˵Ҳòˡ
׾üͻĸʣСӾȻôĶ
Ǵ
һõʮħ龧ڱ׷ɱʱ򣬳˰ţʣ¾ſŰ롣
ħ龧Ĵﵽ˰ɣڤչص̷ҩ쵤ӲĽߵӽɣħ龧Ϊڵ̫࣬һ㶼ûãֽУһſŰ롣
óһҲЩʹ
СӣҪʲô׾йɲԤС
֪ħ龧̺ڤ۵־̷֮󣬱Ըܵڤ۵Ϣʱ򣬾Ȼ֪ˡ
˵ţתڳˣ뼸λǰϳ֤һ£
׾ɫ΢䣬̺ڤ۵־ʲô˼ѵħ龧Ըܵʲô
ƳһĽףȴʱڵϵĽѾң촽԰ף˫һ㣬׾һˣ
ϣôа׳ϡֱ˽ɽͺλϣ֪ԹһЩɽ˶Ƚϵ͵ӦòѣҲûΪĽΣس׾죬Ҳ˭ð֮ͶϺħˡ
׾쳹䣬֪Ϊʲô¸ԪĽ磬Ϊ˲Լ˽Ļᣡ
֮ǰأΪҪʣ׾һвԤҲԽԽǿңŵֻܰԼժȥҪҲֻĽһˡ


389 
ݵĽħ龧֮һĲ֣ٽ֮һĲƽָɽͺλϣɲԣʵǺ⣿
΢΢һЦħ龧ܸܵڤ۵Ϣʱλͻ֣ᷢϢĽϵһģһ
ţɫ΢䣬Լ飬һˣ
Ŀ׾һۣ׾ɫѿӣѾЩ롣
һ񣬵¹µܷðλ֮ķģԾʵ
֮ķҲܵģ漰һЩشʱ򣬷ɣλȻʳԡ
֮УϷԶ֮ģԾʵ̹Ȼ˵
ڽ֮󣬺ŮҲġ
㽫ħ龧ںϾѪȥħ龧ϵúСҲ΢Ϊ
ħ龧֮󣬿ʼϢ˶ڵΪħ龧ǵڣʲô˻
λϵɫƽһڤ۴սڶħ龰׳ç쳹ƣ
Ƭ֮󣬽ϳһ˫ۡ
ϻüǧҲڳ˵Ŀⶼעڽϵϡ
ĬֻǾĿŽϣȴС
ζĿһۣûֱӻش𣬷ʵҲ̹ħ龧ɣ򲻻֪ɡ
ͷûʲôóϵġ
ȻǧһţΪħ龧Ϸȣ
ϸп̶꣬˵Է飬ϷȷʵĽϸܵڤһϢϢѪĴУϷµòĽʮ֮˾ڤ۵ֱϵˣ
ϴһȫԾ׾ѾǳɫߵʯͬҲɫѿû뵽ԼȴһαŪûͷ
ʱ򣬺İ׳Ҳ۾ĵͷͬ˽ϵĻ
ϻһһҲŻ˶׾죬Ȼ䣬㻹ʲôҪ˵ղʱ˵ӸĸǷˡ
֪ڤ۵ĺѾӵϺħϺħм˵һ֧Ѫ˷ˣȻ˷˵ս֮У
׾챻ϻ˱Ƶ޻˵ֻҧ鶼ĽԼ˵ãϷô֪Ǽ٣οոս˵ʮ֮˾ŵĸʣȷɡ
ϱӵĿ׾һۣʱڽƱ磬Լ˵ʮ֮˾ϰһ·ѡ
ģжϣϵжϸһЩϾħ龧ʱѾˣǶԱĽɵħ龧ȻҪܶࡣ
׾Ʊ磬ЦˣЩ̱ƹֶΣԣԸĽϳһ£ҲõһЩ벻Ϣ
ҧˡ벻֣׾ʱеһ⣬СӣвԼ
һһڵϵĽף׾ľ֤һھʱ᲻ҧһͨ
Ϻħν׾챻֪Ϊ˽Ϻħɨأ޴棬ݡ
׾һ죬һ࣬ôվڹ㳡룬һ仰˵
ϻ˶ߵＸ䣬ϻЦˣֳ˸ԪĽ磬׾˵Ŀռ䡣
Сӣ㵽ô׾Ԫ˵ʱŭģԼһƷھȻƵ˵زò̸ܲŭ
ǰ̸̸˵飬Σ
Ȼϣܰ׾ҲŪˣ뷨Ҳֻˣ֤׾ϺħһЩ潻Ҳܰôɨء
׾Ͼ׼ܣ˵κβɱȻ׼ڵı
вϷ򣡡
в㣿Цˣó飬ϺħĽ׻ܼȥ
׾ҧгݣϻ΢ЦôҲû뵽ⳡдеڣϷԵĽ׾Ըʹġ
ϻ˹⵱˵ƺҲǱĽƭ˰ɣȻֻĽףŻ
ϻ仰˲׾ڽάȵľأĽףֱϺħ𣬲Ľף⻳Ľ֮䲻岻Ĺϵ
׾ҧԪϻ˵ǲҪ̫峿һ̸֮£ڣĽ׽ң
鵽һ׾ֻõĽֽеϹħȻֻеһѾõҲʤˡ
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׾üͷһ壬Ҫû٣ĽֽеĶ붼׼ڵģƾʲô㣡
Цˣǽ֮ǰ˵Ľ׵黹޹ԼϹżҵģ˵Թд˼ӹżлûԵ顣ȻĽϵĶ׼ڵģĽץļϸô˵ϵĶҲùУΪأ
һϯ˵׾ò㵱Ѫ
оԼ쳹ͷβĵһɵƣˣתָָⶼЩˣһ仰Ҳû˵һҧת뿪׼ڵӿ׾ŭӣһҲŴҴ³ˡ
ֻСڵϣŹ㳡һĽף˫Ŀ
ĽװܸĽ׾ȻǼϸĽױȫ
ԺлصЩͷһ㣬ҿԼã̾һʲôҲû˵֪ʱ˵ʲôҲȥġ
̨ϵĳϻʣʯһˣɫ׾ǿ٣оԼһСɵ̨ˣûˣɣֻ˳Ц
ʯϻ£΢Цʵ
ʯһӢ۳꣬Ϸúܣ˵գʯϷȥڵĵҲȻ³һʱ䣬ϯϾֻʣڵĵˣΪ֮ǰĴ򶷣һأȻǳԲˡ
ĴҲ׷׸ˡ
ϻܺãǳã˵̸ף׾ӣҲǳˬˡ
ңаѱץ׾ĿԺܴһ֮ǰΪ׾ҧŸ߼벻ɿڣȻҲԿǾ̸ˡ
ֻҪ׾ɿڣ̸ȻͿ˳Ľȥˡ
ϻ¶οЦݣ˵ĸǣᣬ׹
дѹȺۣ˵һ׾˸ưͿò˵̸Уϻ˿ǲɵתȴˡ


390 ף
ҹһҹžͩˣּͩյϣһףȻľš
˵ƽʱٳտһĶȡˡһʳܶŮ겻մʳĲʳ˼̻
˵ǸĵطƽʱضϢݵףᣬѵһΣûر׼ҸһҪ˼ġ
˵һĺĵӣܵλߣϾԣƽʱһҹͰԼС¥Ӽ»Уʱˣͱ÷ˣԽѵõףᣬĵӺ״һû£ŵӻһЩͨҹϵ˽Ҫһҹ
˵Ůռ˰˾ųɣŮӶ࣬һۿȥݺݺ࣬ʤա
УȻڵΪһĵӣûʸμĺĵģǵŮһ𵽵˵Ӵģ²Ѿ߻Сһģˣ츳˵ҲѾˣȻҲѾʲôģź״ӵӡ
ﱻЩĸоûʸμӰ磬ҲûĿһǽֵһ֮սֻǸղͼӴ׵˵񲻿ţڿ죿
Ķûȥֻһ䣬ħһӡУá
죬һܶĿ꣬ڳϵı־ƽʱκһϣҪֵ
ڵѾӵ˿ųϵʵ
ԺţͻȻһָ磡ָһ߷һֻһ߶֡
ʵ޷ţǰԼǰҫﶼ͸Ÿ߰˵ĵӣһЦϸӵСܵļһһˡ
ոմϻ̫μᣬʣǽǡ
ֳʱɧǷ׷׽Ŀ۹ȥгĽľӶ࣬ȻҲʵв˻ǵһμ
ûǿ󰡡һʮŵʵϵƣ߲ࡣ
㶮ʲôʦƽʱƶţؼʱűܱΣӸ߰˱⣡
Ľ׵һսУԪһǶôһǿа֮˵ӡʵ̫ˡ
󣬿СɽҲڣ΢Цһ£
ŷҲڡ
ţʦġСķеտֵлл㣬Ѿ˵ŵˣҡʥŮ»˸ˡȸ¼ĵһ򣬲Ӧһ֮ΪֲȸѪ
ЩнΪϵĹ⻷̫ʢѾԾϹ֮ǰΪΣ֮оһЩСŮ˼Ѿѹĵˡ
ͦõġ飬֮ǰ͸ǧǧ꿪ڣȻĺܿ졣ֲȸѪȻȸѪԶ˵ÿŵӶУҲǷֵȼģǧŵĵȼܸߣ㹻ȸ¼ǰأһһĻϵԪ϶ˡ
ڣĽ֮£ʶ˲˵״ӣоͰϸ졣
ʦ֡΢ЦŹ˹֡
ϸЩӲҲԸμᣬȫ״ӺĵӶμӣһĻǴ˵
ϸһϰ£ֱ֪̬һҲԣǽпܳǧꡢƵ㲻ϻ̫һʱѪŪʲôʥְ֮λһ£Լ״ӶǵС㣬˼ġ
ϸǿάϷЦݣ֪չƼûаˣӰչƼĻչƼԻʵ棬뵽ϸ˪˵ӣͷһڰѾƺȾˣԥǲҪ̹ģʱȴѾ뿪ˡϸһĶЩʪˡ
ʶ˴󲿷ڳӣ˸ʼר־Ͷ뵽տ֮УտһֱϲҲǳó⿷ʽ
ܿ죬ѱȫĽ㣬ȻŮӵĹעҲٲ˵ģ˵Ů򶼳࣬ã᳡ϰ˳ŮӣȹŽء
ڼ䣬ʱʱл֦չŮĴյĻ
ʦ֣ͩĻԪİɣ˵ʦѧȸ¼ż¾ʹﵽˮƽˣҶˣŸոͻƵڶأʦָܲһأ
һֻʮĿɰŮɴ۾ε
Ҳֻڶأ߾磬л㽻һµġ
İʦ֣һΪġ
ţһΪ
ʦ֣㳢ֻ῾ΣһŮһֻѡıļᣬôʱõһֻ
ллǳЦŽӹЩΣŮʧδǺ¡
˵ŮӹʣƫƫЩ˵Ůӣһ׽Сж֮ŮȻǿϵģ˵ģഺĲߺͷ֮ĺ蹵˵޸ƷŵĵӣͱȻǷҪ뿪ŵѡһ뿪޷˵Ĺˣ˵ȸѪŨȣǳ˲ܵ¡
ΪЩԭ˵ŮӶѡڱл䣬ǲɵеӾˣһЩеӣ檵Ҳʮձ飬ͱĵӣɼҺڷݼͨѾߵĵͼӣĵ˵ĵλ൱ȵ۵ӣܶࡣ
ܶ˵ŮԸ檣ҲԸԶ޵İңԶƷšҲҪ׼ˣòΣ츳ǱҪġ
ĳмѣʵǿ̬ˣȻѡˡ
˵ŮȻ߹󣬵ɾ棬ȴ̫֣ʱʱҪԴġ
ʼֻЩŮ죬ЩŮտܿ죬ߵտͶһ̣򼫶ĶӻǶŵģѾԲˡ
̲סһг˼飬ûҧ͸ܵ˱һɺ⣬תͷһȴŮɫƵĿԼһϽտ˻ȥ

еһʱǧ굽ˣΧĵӿǧϽվǧЦһЩͺˣҲֻǲҵġ
˵ţǧڵĻȥ


391 Ѫа
شݺݺΧ߸ŮԭеˣһѼġ
һŮ
תͷһǧꡣ
ΧѵĵǸϽǧ˵ĵλȳϻҪһЩġ
ǧЦĽױڵҪҪȥ
΢΢һϲá֮ǰϻ˽йȥ̸̸һʱʱ䣬Ľû˵ϡ
ǧĵվнǧЦЦĿܱߵŮԪǲǾ˵еӵã
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ڸ֮ϣһԣһɫĶߣһһΩΩФÿһöƬе̬̻߻ɵĵһ㡣
鸦һ֣Ϻĵ绡ɢʯ֮е֮ԪʱԴԴϵıа֮УγһϺС
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֮䣬һ۶СߵҶžӨ¶飬С֮ϣпﵱ˼ɾһ㡣
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פţɽ˴Եǵһؾˣؾг֮ͬʱõȸѪѪõ˴ıһֿ˵Զ˵˵ؾڡ
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ǺǡЦЦʳƵۣȷʵģʮ֮ǰʮ֮ǰܷʳƵۣһסʮʱ䣬ȻǧѣǿԶԶֹʮô٣ֻʵ̫ͣӴˣʳƵ۵ǿߣڴ½ĳЩһЩȻż֣Ϊ֪
ͷÿһɽ壬ܿӦɽ߶ȵķ羰ֻеȵԼҲΪǿߵһ죬Ӵǿߵ硣
վֽȡһһ߼ĺɫӣ˵ȸѪһһεĵѨ֮Уɴȸ¼ĲֵȸѪҪڼȡ̤ڷʳƵۣ츳ǹˣͿˣ츳㹻ʳƵ۵࣬жҪô䣬Ҫô⣬δ̤硣
һлȸѪݶ飬ġ
ɵ˵ͷȥɣ֮ؾ㽫õһŷڼ䣬ú
ȥип翣ΣؾҲֳˡ
ˣ˵ʦ˴Եϧʦ츳վһδܷƵۡ


394 Ѫؾ
ȸ¼ԽѧԽһ㣬治˹ֿػɣϵ似ҪǣҲ׫д߶Ի֮Դ⣬Ҳǻ֮⾳
ֻ⾳ֶֻ᲻Դеһ԰˻ζ
֮⣬̬ε̬֮Ԫͨȫĵĳڻ֮ԪĺУԴͻ
ЩĶҪвʲôҪ˵ˣԣЩ죬ࡣ
ʱһһţÿ峿̫ʱĻ֮һ죬ҹٲ򹦷ӣƿΪоȴ泩
ȻҲһɲżһЩʮСһˣ򼸸飬ѯʹϵ⡣
ϸģһ˿Ůɤ˵Լεˮ۾ʵԾܾÿλΪϸĵĽʵ֪ʶҲôСǸոڵıԵӣҲӦĹ
ÿҹȡһȸѪԼϵһѨϣʮʱʮξѪһ붼üĴ
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ܼе¶Ҳָоɡ⽫ʱ˲鵤ҩǴҩҩ԰ԵޱȣȥԶҩĸоࡣ
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Ϊ˴ٽգÿεһȸѪ֮󣬶ǹһǹɽƴǹ֮ǹ˺ܴһǹдֻû·òƵģϢ
˿ʣµȸѪҲֻʣʮεӣʮˣЩź
ңȸѪҲ쵤һʹõһεʱЧԣ֮ÿһζЧμڵĵʮΣЧһεһ롣
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ҡҡͷʱͷȸѪһҪԼ㹻ʵ˵

ʱһ죬ؾӵˡ
˵ɽһۻĽһɽȿյ֮ϣһˣϻˡǧȻС
ؾڣΧɫϿ˵طҲûʲôֻͬΧȺɽγɻ֮ƣһɽȽΧɽеԪҲḻǻ֮Ԫˮ֮Ԫ
һ۽ԼһؾĵӣɽСȻУ״ӡĵӻҲˣҲУֻʸŷˡ
ٺһЦ
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ÿνؾĵӣȻʺСЩˣǽŷˣ˵ľӢÿһ˵ۡ
Ҫǣ˭ؾУô츳ʵʵĿܻʵǿĿ
ҪΪʵǿ츳õˣܻԼţȥ׷ĻԵΣҲɱӣɶ
ıԵӣ˼ҲͰˣ״ӣɽģһˣ˵۵Ѫ
ϻڽؾеһһɨĿͣϣԪŷʷѾ֮ãϹŷӵбŨǧٱʥѪѪʾ֮޷ģ츳ҲֻڵϿǰȣδسڣԣǧҪäĿţһЩԼΧ㷢⣬˵˵һ޷ܵĴ
ϻĵľ֪ɽʱ͹ڵΪɽɽۣǳǧԴսʱһѨϴһõϵԪʯ̥ΪԪʯ̥ףǿڸֲյ飬ʱֻ͹Ϊ
˵ӵʱϻǧЩʱ򣬶ĹΪͣڣ˵ӣϻ˵ĸо̾ͲͬˣˣҵĺӲηգмӣԼҺôɾͳ޲ˡ
ϻԸһ㣬ȵĵҲǶһս
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סͷ
ˣұ뼸λֿؾͨӽʱΪ죬֮Զͳڽŷĵӣߵʮʱ䣬ʱһҲǻԶڣ˭ô
ϻһʣʱȻû˳еӶŽؾ΢һΣգͲʲô֮·ô֮ܲΣд䣬ܳʧְ˴Ҫһ죬Դﵽ
ܺã
ϻ˵ͷ⣬һƽƣЩСǽȥɡ
ΪڵʵȨ˱ڵӵˣͷһУһλεལͷ˳ȥȻǵؽƷ
ϻ˫ֺʮһģ˵ıڻ㵽һƬ̵ֻ֮ǰͬ紵ˮһơ
ţһƾճ֣вϵתŷΧԪл۹Ԫ궯Χ˴磬ԣɳʯ
żʮĹȶҲͣˣ˵ǰγһֱĺɫڣƾ֮УʲôҲ·ͨһһ㡣
ȥɣסҪ׳ԳԼʵ޵ϻ
ɽС˽ȥǵӰֻһ˲䣬ʱĶûˣҲ˽ȥ


395 ֮⾳
ռŤĸоͷĿѣȵ۾ʱͷڽؾ֮ǰؾеĳȻôҲû뵽𺳵ľ
ǰǰɫʯһ޼ʣϴݲʯ֮䣬дƬƬİɫЩɫʯǱҽġҳһʯͷ·ƯҽϵСҽз˶ݣŹ˹˵һɴ̱ǵζڳˮһжͨƬ̱Ϣ
ˣʲô޷ŵǣ󣬾ȻһƬһ޼ʵıԭ
ѩɣƽ̹羵ıԭһ޴ıһ߸֮·ɭɭ⣬ǵһ㣬űмķٶ֮죬Ȼʸһ㣬ͨڴˣмԴ˵ļ֮У˺һѪܵĿӣ
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ӣѾеؽƷˣüؽƷĻ𾫣Ѿǳǿˣټ䱩Ļ֪֮ԼܷԸˡ
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֮ͻȻҵҽط¡һ죬һҽͬʸһֱؿڡ
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ӰˣԪתǹնȥһǹʹɢҽȻţҽʮҽȿֺķɳͬһһŲæǹÿһǹ̺Ż֮⾳ҽһһ飡
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ɫӷһ춯ص˻𣬴ض


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ѣɫ潦ϣԻԪ͵ʴһ顣Ѫһӿһɻ֮綾һ֮УžŰаŽɻ֮ѹ
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398 ŷ
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ΪؾеĻ֮ԪޱŨޱȵʱĵر𾫡
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ֻ𾫣ɱ˵ģ˲ɱͲˣȻܷ


399 Ѫ
ȸؾеؽƷ𾫣ҲѾ˵ˣҪ㹻ʵ뵽ǰһսһ֮ս龰ֵʵɽҲֻܸпҡͷ˵ʦܣҲˣˣȫ˾ͺܲˡ
ʵϣһνؾɽҲԵһҽص룬߲ʻֶܹӳϵԪҩ
ȻΪЧޣǱЩϹ֣رǷǿ֪Ļ»᲻һеˣʱ򣬸ߵȼ𾫣ߵȼҩɽڡ
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ȻϧҲ֮٣Ͼֶɽʵ͵ò
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ܴ֮½ٵÿʦܵõһö̫ˣɽ֮̾Ѿ죬ʯһ˲Ŀֲըʹ֮һöδ͵Ļ𾫣δ֪ı仯֮٣֮𣬸һ޶ˡ
֣֮Χĵһ֮̾䣬Ľζʮԡ
ֶһöսΪʵ츳ò˶þöˣΪ˵ͻƣʱ˭Ķ֡
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ʦ֣ŷʲôѽһһνŷʵǵһνؾ
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ʦ֣ıڻ͸˽ôָָǽںܾãЩڻ͸ƺǼ¼Ϲʱĳ춯صĴ¡
Ŷ˵ЩϴʱҲˣȥʹʦʦֻ˵ЩϹʱ龰嶼Щʲôˣڻϵǲܴ½ģ˼Ҳȫֻ֪ܸһЩģĲ²⡣
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ҲԼƵѪ밼֮Уһ̣оԼһůĹâ֣ռ֮ŤԼʮʱ䣬͵һȫܱյĿռ֮С
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ҪҵļޣǷһȣЩ˵ʵǿһǺˡЩߵʵ൱١СһģġҪ˲٣͸ǲԶˡ
Ԫһȼһǹɵ˶Է

ʱʮУͬһĻҲţɽ˲һɵһ۷ߣһ̣ɢĺɫٴһ벽ߡ
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Ȼɽеȵǣնº˵ֱ֮һֱ۱ɺ⣬Ȼһֺڣ飬ȬԪøӾˡ
ǡ
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ŷϹŷ彨󱲵úʵΪ档
ɽʶһ㣬Щź̫ϧˣնº˵һֱѾԼļޣõЩϵԪȻ̫٣Լͻƺڡ
Щôֻܿȴ޷õ
ʱɽ˱Ƶһƺĳԣɽȴ֪˵ʲôƬ֮󣬺һɽͳңʼ˶Ӧ츳

ʱһսһ۷ĺˡ
츳൱ڻСĺ۷ʵѾˣҪʤ벽
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˵ǹѾʹ似һǹǹϵһȻ۳һ˵Ӱ
Ųһ˲˺˵ǹ̳ܿԷײƵ󹥻ҲΪ˽ʡԪ
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402 
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ҵģվҵģ磬һܹĿ־壬һԭԭĻ㣡һ֪ƿУʱܻԴζ
˵ĿС
ʱһ𣺡񣬲Ҫ˭㵱˹̫ӵġ
һԭŵģСǣԺСŷհ
ţסͺãֻҪԹܱ꽭ɽ񱳺˵һӣ˱˹丮θͻ֮󣬱ص֮γϣ˹丮λȻ˳ŷָѡ
⶷ӣŷյͽܣΪ벽죬һ벽ߣԺɨ˹ѧ磬ľ֮˹֣ڶиͲһ֮У
ؼңҪ
һһ»λһ¾ɳسһȨͲƸԼͳΣžıĿܡ
ԹȨûʲô³ο˹գֻ֪֪ʵۡ
£Ϊԭ֧̫һˣô
ؼȻæĮ˵ؼңҲǶԸ˳Ҫ飬˹ǾУƨҲǣҪȡԪ˧ܵ
õӵı֤Цû뵽ͷңû㣬ŷҲ֧СܰɨϰӢһȴһջˮ
ɣּңżҵϻλҲʰǣ

Ҫȥ⺣ս
еһʱЩʧ
⼸״̬ܲã֪ϢǾòţģòʵ
һ뿪丮İ£ȥĸĸȴûнϢˡ
ҲûУˣ֪ѾؾϢ
ĸһյʱ䣬ĸ΢Ĺģò׵ҲЩСĵĸоֻܡ
ǰǲϺսûеƣսһҲ滺һѹ顣
ţյȥ⺣սĵ
⺣ս
ԳЦЦ⽫һ˵˺Ϻħս϶ûһֱƴɱҲĲ
Χ⺣սԪʯսȴʼյĲң
죬һأ
ĿƵĿߣû˿ε˵ڼǰŴ֪ŷӵԹԼСģ¹ȥˣƽ£ڹȻҪԼ
ˣǺϻڵһŵӣΪڣΪŷۣüʲô˼ǲȥ⺣սĵжʮˣֻһսԼƻҪϣԴΪأ
Ϊأ
Ƿ̣λϣ
ʣŷۺܲˬ٣
ûɣг϶зȨÿϵҶִС
ŷɫһָսĸָϣ֪ʸ㣿
һ𡭡ڲϵ۸ӣŷ㷺Ҫõһ׾٣
ɫŷ΢΢һЦͻȻԪ˵ø˵ϻˣû˳ֻǸսĳϣָʲôˣ˸һ£ٹһ£˹»ʵĵǻ䣬»ʺʲôţ丮˵ѾؼҿˣүүѾˣùԹôֻؼҵıȨүүиգһıʱ򡭡ٺ٣֪
׻嶼ڲһΪŭ԰ʧȥѪɫ
ǡɣ
ɣ㲻ôɣŷ´һۣмĵΪ˭Ϊ˸Ҫǲȥ⺣սҸָ·ԼƯһ㣬ȥŷ飬ú÷ŷˣ˵ŷһģؼҸˡ


408 
üҧؿھҵţȭͷյýģվûлӳ
ԼʵԷԷΣֻ̣
ŷĿһۣôˣϻôŮӣȱһߣǾ͵ȥɣ
ŷ˵꣬Цһ뿪˴
һˣָⶼ΢΢ĲţŷҪԸүүǸ̫׵飡Ҫŷӳֻ֣ҪһͽܣЭһıؼҴþͻһҹ֮㸲
ΨһָܹģֻŴֽȡһ봫¼ȼ

֮⣬ɳ̲֮ϣָ٣һŻǰϨ
̾һ΢΢ҡͷŵʱ˸ۣˣһлԻͶûˡŷӳ˼£Ϊʹգˣû뵽ҪչıˣжңҲԹۣ֮ӿȪ౨ΥҵģϧҸոսϣʵãޣҪԿŷӸܣȡ
йʵˣʵҲܰҵıǧˣΪͷֻҪһ仰ܱؼҡּҰƽ
ǧ˵δף˵һ仰ŷһٸӣҲٶԸ
ֻǣǧæ
ûǧֻ꣬˵ϵУǧǸˣȫ
ҽǧ겻ϰæҲֻ;
ţһ⣬͵˵ǧա
ΪϺս£Ϊ˵ѣ֮Ҫȴصݸ࣬ȻĵԪʯҲһЩ
ϺսҵȵŴ󷨽ż˳ȥ
ϺԱڵĵǧڵһţתʱű͵ǧڵĵ졣
ŴרŸŵĵͳһż࣬
ţǧµţȳһƷŵСϣʥŮţ
ǧݣɲ˭žʸ͵ġ
ˣƺɰǵӵı粻
Ϊ˴ٳǧĻ£ǧ갲ԼϽĵ죬ˣȻҲȫϵˣǵˣʲô£Ȼ顣
ϵĵӣ֪顢ǧ֮΢ϵҲ֪⼸Ϊʲô鼫⣬ȣɣһͷͬѰˡ
룬ǵӵŴ飬ʦ֣һȳϸǧš
յüȵĳϣôָйأ
ȸңš
ǡ
һ͵ˣ鲻İŲˣȻˣմȥǿģһЩ޹ؽҪţǧ굹Ҳ޷
չһʱŭˣȻǣһ˻겻ɢ
šǡ
¶ȴٷŭˣŶţתŭΪЦԭϲּ飬ˣǰĳˣ˭е˼Ůϵǳ˼˼Ժ󻹿ǣּңô飬ʵ̫źˡ
Ƿһ˿аЦݣֵÿһϷˣһܺõԱ
֪鲻ãϷҿԸݵòһ㣬һ㣬ҪȻ̫û˼ˡָһ죬һ˳һȼ˷ɻҡ
ôæС¾Ͳشˣִ飬Ǹ겻ɢļһǴɷ羰飬ðã͹Թҵķˣ˵ӺͱԪ֮׸ҾͺˣҪȫȫķңҶȻҲúöģ
Цţһɢ˷ɻңڱһΣоޱȵ泩
ʱһһ£ؾѾȥʮ¡
һգ̫ʽǻ
ԭ˹ϻʵ۸没˾Ӻ󹬣ԭֱ̫˳ǣ
ǻҪ죬һ˶ڹ֮Уһ֮⣬ȫװ벽Ӷܳ
ǻŻĳŽǣɬЦݣһڽƺȽˣֽƱ˵ϡ
ֵܣò˼գͻȥȪ·ˡֳ̾һǻҪôɱҪôһ֣˵һģãĸףһҵĽ֡
֮󣬾Ϳʼӵȣȥʮʱ䣬Ѷ
սսָӣų⣬ʮ˵ڶţȻţ뺣
Ѿһ¹ȥˣʮǰͽ˵ǰ⺣սòˣؼҵϣ
׽ıȨӵо˵ֻһЦ˹εȵӢۣ丮ŷǰҲǴ׵ĸѣ
̲Ĵ󺣣Ȼ̾ҵŶʯ󺣣ǧҲһ˵ļҾˣοݣǧδϲ
пЦʵҲſܸûʸ͵ǧϣһ֣˵ûʲôˣŶͲȥ˵һˣҲǲܼǧģͺñһƽҪݼû·
µҲֻܾȫļˣ⺣սȻ֣Ը⺣սֱܼս
ԳҡҡͷҪֻܹʵֻ̫һˣֻһʦ٣޷ӵŷֵ֧ŷӿ⡣
һֱ⺣սոͻڵΪܻսĿ̫ãˡ

ؾ֮Уããɫƽԭ֮ϣֲıըƺˣһͷͨĹֲıը֮лɻҽ
а飬֮׻ɱ֮ǿ춯أ
ǹ壬ڵϣڴڵĴһ·ɱڵĵѾʯܣγɵĶħޣղǵȾ޴Ĺ
ķ̫ǿս£ó״̬׻ɱֱӽɷɻҡ
ΪѾﵽڣһ״̬׻ɱԪ
ŻƷߣ׻ɱҲԽԽֲˣҵΪѾǺڶ壬Ҳɣʣһħ龧
ͻƺںΪʵΪͻͽʱ䣬Ӻڵڶ壬ֻһ֮ң
սеħ龧һħ龧ȥͻˣҵĴҲﵽɰ룬ɰĴ辳磬֪սʲôЧ
ħ龧ͻȻǰĿռһŤ
ţ飿
ǰһŰɫӰһʼͳ˯ĵ³ˡ


409 
ʮʱ䣬ʱѾͷɢڣԭֽҲ˼··ս飬ͻµģˣֻһ·ȵȥʱ򴩣Ҳֻ²ˡ
ǳٱɢͷٴγѾ䡣
һŹһƯǰһɫƺЩȡ
ͨˣʵ
ֻʣһ֮ǰ˵ܻɵ㽫õһ;ĽʱԻ
һ㶣һʼȷʵ˵Ļ⼸ɱذͰ仰Ժˡ
Ҳɵ
ǵģÿ׶ζֻܳʣһн׶ʱ̵ģȴҲѵģɣֻҪ¾ͿԳȥˣʱһὫŷ֮Ѫ㣡˵Ŀһۣǵһηˣһ֮ս
дϲڿȥϣˣȻ˵ʵɿ죬ֹսޱߵļįһɱ¾ôȥľ״̬ˡ
ڣҿԸͨĽʮɣ߽ѡǣȸѪԼϵҩѡһ
ȸѪԼϵҩ
ųȸѪȻҪȥŷѪȸѪ𵽵Чˡ
ţų˹ȱƷ
˵ǻϵҩãϹŷҩ϶Ƿ˵ԽĴ辳߸ɣʱĴͻﵽ˾ųɣӽԲˡ
ʵͻϵҩʲô
ֻһʣȻһ仰ֱֱ˵ǣǡȸ¼ǰعϵҩǧݵľתݡ
ȸ¼ǰع
סˡ
ǰԼ뵽˵ġȸ¼͡䡷˵ĿʦؾеõģؾԼȸ¼Ȼ飡
˵ʦõġȸ¼ȱʧܴ󣬾֪Ŀǰֻǰعѣ
ȱʧô࣬ȸ¼ɲƷŵĹ
Ҫ֪Խϲ㣬Խֲġȸ¼ҲǶ˵еŷص䣬֮ԡ
ܴﵽЧ±а֮Ҳй֮޲ˣ
ȸ¼˵ǷܼеĹãǲÿһֶʺЩ硶顷ôãҲſڶصıԵٲά裬ٶȲرڻѹƹ
ףǡ顷̫ʺϾϵԪ϶ٵÿ
ȸ¼Ͳͬˣаӵ֧֣ȸ¼ǧ껹졣
ҩֻһ棬ҩպлãȸ¼Ժȴлҵõȸ¼򣬲Լ棬ǧҲܸ棬˵˶档
ǰعó˵˶Ϊ˷ˣ
һʵġȸ¼мأ
أһأ壬裬޷õ
źаأҲǳ˲ˣ
Ҫ򣡡ԥ˵
Ը
һѪģޱȣһҪһгġ
ø֪ɨһ飬ǿĶĳ嶯ֽ֮С
ֻʣһ׶ΣҲ̵Ľ׶Σһȥȸ¼ûʱ䣬Ҳġ
ʱʼת
ź¡¡عѣһֳֳ󸫵ѪɫħӴ˳
ħ࣬ͨϳҰһĳɢš
סˣħȻڤۣ
ֻڤ۸߳һϵƤʺɫڤɫġ
ô£
ɻʵ飬ʱ׹һѾʧˡ
Ҳȥ˼ˣ֮ǵˣ򵹾ǣ
ϳ΢Ϣһ£ħ龧ԼľѪȥ
һħ龧Ѿǳɣױѹڤ۵Ĳ־ᳵ·Ĳħ龧ʼ衭

֮˵ɽ֮Уֻһ죬ʯѣмҷɣԭڸֱըƵõɳȥ
Ϯ
Ϻħɱˣ
ʲô
һƬң˵صأҲ˵ԴڵĸؾϮǻ˵á
㡭ǡ죬ŵĿǰ꣬˳߸ߵͦģòʣü֮䣬һԵĻӡǣȻİ̺ۡ
ͷɢ࣬ȥǡ
ôܣ
䣡
̳һɳ죬ȻǷߵģٶ֮죬ڳΪ֮ա
ҡûɣ
ղ꣬ôôڳؾʱ
ûǱ߸һЩü֮һ͵ӡǡ
һǰһģڵѾһӢͦˡ
ѵǡ
ڳɫˣţ
Ͻͳ׼档
ٶȼ죬ڼѴͳȥ֮ǰѾ˵ȸٶ֮죬жڣԪ̫ˣֶĪ
ʲôˣصأҴһȴػȸŮӰνҪסȻֻ÷·һҹѾתۼ˴֮С
ʱкܼ֪Լؾʱʲô£ղżԼʱȵĻȻϺħѾ˵ˡ
żǧ֪꣬ڵΡ
żһ£ǾԼĸĸǷѾ֪ѶǶӣǸĸΨһϣ֪ڵ֪ԼѶ󣬻ȥ
ʱ򣬴ĻǡϻǰϨ
ϻ֪ľŵſڣѾʮ
ǰһӢ꣬һɽǰ治ɫϻˣˡ
ؾдʮ£ȻųΪȻѾﵽڣ
죡ʮڵΪ
ǧͬʱҲǺڶѣ
ʦ𡣡Ҳ˲ˣΣҵĸĸǲΪˣʦأ
ϻ˴˺һŷӦȥսѶȷʵѾˡ
һ޷ĸڵ״̬ҵȥԼĸĸ


410 ǰϺս
ʦҪǰ˹ȥҵĸĸʦǱߣʦͨһ¡
Ŷϻʶĵͷ֪ΪΣһرĸоо˵·Ѫ
ĿͣüһĻӡϣϻܾ΢΢ļ£̲סʵ㵽ؾоʲô
˵ʦڵҵĸĸ˵ˣһһϢ㡣
ϢϻһӦĻʣؾо˴Ե
ȷʵǺϢ
ϻҲû뵽νĺϢָǡȸ¼ǰصĹ¹Ի˵Ĵ
ʦҵķأ
УٶԶȸҵıȸȥɣܽʡһЩʱ䣬ȸҲܱ㡣
һϲлʦ𡣡
ϻ˵ȸȸĺһֻȸչʮɡ
ϻԴȥıȸûǲ˵ǲġ
ϻ֮УȸѾǰˣʥͨ飬ܶԣϻֱ˵룬ţ
ΪѪϻĸе˻еľֺͲֲ
ϻ˲ˣôˣ
룬ȥ˹˵֮ǰĵǲϻ˵ĻĴԴֲĸоڻļ䣬ϻеɻŨĪǡؾл˿˵ʦȸѪԲŻȸĲ
ϻ˼ţѾȸ
ȸٶȣǿȫɶݵٶȻҪ죬ֻö߷ת֮䣬ɽѾԶԶ˦
Ȼٵķɶݣȴܸܵ»Ĳ
֪ԼڵѪһʱ֮ǰͨʮµʱ䣬Ըŷ֮Ѫ
֮ǰʹ֮Ѫŷ֮Ѫ᲻гͻõĴǣԹ飬֮䲻ûгͻ໥ٽ
ŷ֮ѪŨȣ֮ѪҲ࣬Ǻٵһ㣬ȴҲ÷ʴΪ֮ˣ
طŷ֮ѪüģѪҺ̵ͬҽһ㣬ü֮УʹޱȣüĴջ٣һ͵ӡǣӡǣǹŷ֮Ѫˣ
µĻ룬ƽƺҲܵ⣬ڲٿ־ˡ
˻һɣããƺ·ɿȥ

սʮ⺣ս˱к˼Ҫࡣ
֮УΪյҪѪɷ
ѪɷȥڲرڤƣϹʱϺһսڤѪɷǵʱսսǿߡ
ѪɷϺɷۣ֮Ѫɷ֮źɫѪħ˾Ѫޱȡ
˵ֵطӦڤһĲë֮أѪɷһƷʼѵԪʯʢƷԪʯʹѪɷ˿õļֵ
ЩѪħƽʱ˵ѹƺɨ֮£ѾҳңֻĶڵ£ڣ˵ϺħչѪɷ˴ߣȻѪħ԰ÿʵľѪǿѸٵĳɳ׳
ΧѪɷսѾ£˫չսսһӶԴǰ˵ɵʱ򣬻ɹ滮˼Ѫɷ˭˵ô࣬ƴɣɳģƷԪʯֶڱҲû¶ǳ
ȻƷԪʯãѪɷսȴ̫Ѫȣ˵ĬһнѪɷս֮УɳԪʯԹԼ֧䡣
սѪɷ
һһֻѪħɫ԰ֽѪɷѾһˡ
һ£ܹˣƾһ֧ڣܵ˻ѹڣѾ˼ԴݵƤǣ֮ͬвôȥֲ˶ˡ
ǣѽ
һǺϻڵŵŷۣŷ۸·в˵
㡭ҧ촽ĿǺ⡣
ŷɫһ䣬滺ʦãŭĸڵظң룬ȥΣ
Σ˵꣬תפȥ
ŷ۵ɫ׳ߣؼһС˹Ҳүү°ɣ
һȭͷָ׶۽Ҳ֪ĸĸҰŵģδ
ŷһת˵Ҳģĸĸŵģ֪ҲϾǸϣǸβĽɫŷȻ㷺ҪԸȴǲ̫ܡ
ãҹ㣬ԪʯɣЩ죬ҲŪ˲ٰɣŷ˵ţ쵽ǰָ΢΢Ħš
ȹ涨ɳƷԪʯ˱˿Աɣ൱߶ıˣǶ޴ΣյĲ
ģֻҪɣʣµĳϽˡŷЦúܵ⡣
촽޲һŷۣ
ŷҲܵϵǿ̹ǵĺ⣬ν˵ʦãҪ֪벻벽뿪ãŷҲ£㻹ָ˭ؼңȵӣŹ汣ţؼҲǣүүٺ٣ԪʯүүµƽֵҲ˶ãҲ˷ˡ
ŷӶõֶΣûлȵŹ棬һıһϴʲôģ飬Ϊүүϣͱץסš
磬һУ㹻ǿνŹ棬Ҳһŷֽˣ
ָյ÷ף촽ҧóѪӳֽеƷԪʯЩ֮ûκ塣
ŷ۽ӹԪʯĴӣ󣬶ʱüЦŶʦãúûŰҹģʵ˵ֻҪͷԹԷŷϣû£α࣬ҪǲСһЩרŲɲԪ֮ħζ
ŷ̰ĿһۣЦﳤȥ
ҧȻˮǲĹ۾
Ȫ֪ܱ𡭡ҿҪȥˣĲүү°

ãã󺣣ɳ̲֮ϣźƮɢϺսְڵСԼСƷʵӵԪʯ
ɽһ뿪Ź洦á
̾һЦк壿츳ھ˹к壿ھԵʵǰ縡һ㡭
ипţʱǰͻȻȼһҫ۵Ļ⣬ǳ봫Ĺâ
дһµȻϣ


411 Ŀ꣬Ѫɷ
紵ϵأţվʯһվں̲ϡ
Ĵ
û
˺ܾãݺܼ򵥣ѯԼĸǷ֪ԼѶǷ̶µĴӡǣپڵϵţöþͻغϡ
ţ
ƽ飬ֽȡһڻ㱨ĳ봫Ŀǰһ˵һȼ

֮⣬һŻǰڶ˲䱻ֲٶ˦󣬶϶ߡ
ָĸã赣ģֱϣλԪ˧ŷؼСΪҪЮһ⺣սѪɷѾһ࣬΢Ҭ޷ȥԮ
һ֮ɫ˲ࡣ
ŷӣ
ŭգ뿪һߣɵԸˡ
ŷӴȺϻŷ壬̫󣬱˵ΪѾڶʮ֮ã޿κΡ
ⰲԼĸĸСû뵽ŷӾȻ֣
ȵӣŷҲڣ޷ŶԸǰؼСƣȴץסţ

ȭͷյ죬ָ֮⣬ϸСžžţͷϵĻӡǣҲΪŭֳ˺ɫ
Ⱦŷӣһ㸶ʹۣ
ڻıϣԪԴԴϵ뵽ڣ룬ЩٿЩ
ޱȽϺԻٶȣټϴҲҪյʱ䣡
֪ʱУǷᷢ⡣

ٳϣҪȥﰡһϻڵЦе˵ŷģΪڡ
˿ǽǵɳ©һʱ䣬ûǺڵĺϻڵӣֱӰսָеĺͼ
ͼϵɳ̡С֮һء
ϻڵӵɫʱѿʲô˼
ûʲô˼Ҫȥ죬һºͼվͻ赭д˵
Ҫ췴𣿡ϻڵŭˣһ룬ЦߣҲãΥԾĹ͹ֲˣһὫʱϱţ㣡ţʲô񣬿Ҹʲôôɱڣ
ϻڵӲмһЦȻΪֻкڣŷӳںϻڣûҪηڵ
Ŀһۣʱ֮дһķϻڵһȥһֻһֻ޴ȸָ֮⣬޴ĻɫչڱͥԺ
ȸϣȻվһ꣬ɢĿ˸ò׿ȺƱˣü֮Ȼһӡǣһļޱȡ
⡭⡭ϻڵӴˣʲô
ϸȸϵǺ꣬ǺϻڵӵĿԽԽãȻ
⡭ôе񡭡ϻڵĿֻԼ۾·һźɫУϢ֮ɫһףһѪ˳
⵹ֻʱ֪Ϣɱ𣬶ؾһ꣬ɱϵɱѾ۳ʵʻĳ̶ȡ
ڣɱĿ˸ֱӴ̴һߵľ֮
ϻڵӣΪڣֻǸһ۾ͱɱˣ
㡭ǡ֡Ǻϻڵӵ˫ȶʼˡ
üĿ˺ɫС
˵ţȡֽеĳ٣ļǺϻ˫һֱӵ˵ϡ
Ͳǵˣǲ˾ȡ
ͷŵϢڻûйһȥŷӾͻǰ׼ʱŷ˵˶ˡ
߰ɣ
ϻıչ˫
ٸĴӡʲôӭĴɢĳĿ㡣
̾˿Ѫɷ֮ĴӡǱѾͱĨȥˣҸϵ
ŷҪԸж֮ϵ֮С
һɱŨ˼֡ûдӡǣããѪɷȥ
ȥһһƷֻ֮꣬УƳԭֻ֪ڵҲóˣһΧڸ֪λá˵ţ˳
һۣһķֻ걾һ壬Կڵ
ԸоѾ֮򣬼⣡
̾һѪɷѪɷ֮Ũޱȣ˵ҪսʲôҲᱻѪɷ֮ĸʴԽԽڵ߻һЩֻڶѡ
˵ֻǳĬţ߿ХȻߵĿƺọ̈̄һ˿ûУʵʵɱ£γһоЩѹˡ
һղߵ̫æûüϸ̽һֻоľֻоߵ꣬ͬһħһ㡪
ɱ񣬷ɱ
޷վŵһڵߡһʱ䣬׾ʲô
ѹãͻȻ뵽ʲôԥһ˵ؼҺּҵҸǧдţд⣬ûл
΢΢üǧ꣬û˿ɣǧ֪Թۡ
ʵϣǧͲ֪Լŷг𣬶˵ս֮УȷԼ֮һЩοƷɣּңǸ뵽ҪֶԸԼļѡ
ȻдţôȥĶˣ
ٸǧΪҺ˽⣬жʯ󺣣Բı⣬£һ׷ȥģ
Щ䣬֪Լ˵ÿ˶ˣ֮ǿҵ޴ڣο˶˵ԴһСƿȸѪͲ֪жۺ죡
εһѵǳˣϾɱ
ǰǧԶһµĴ׼ģֱѪɷߣԼʱִ֮Ѫɷʡʱ䡣
ϺޱȣһսΪͷ㣬ʱ˲ٴղȥȡͼΪȷλãݵ·ߡ
֪ˡԪע뵽ڣӿٶȣȴѾɱ죡
ǧľ룬ò̫ãڻȫٷ֮£ʱ֮Ұ֮У˺ͼ˵С


412 ɷ
ڴڵĵ֮ϣ߰˸µ꣬ŮΧһ
ʦֺջ񰡣ٶƷԪʯһöѪɷѪɷǺö
һһüΧʮ꿴һüǰСľ䣬һĽ֮ɫ
ľװƷԪʯԪʯϲ㣬ȻһָСѪıʯѪɷѪɷһЩ˽ǧ֮õѪħɵںˣֶǴкôĶ
һüӺܵ⣬ջȷʵܴ󡣡˵Ҳʱ󣬷ҲûôߵЧʣҪûд󣬾һҲʮʱ䡣
ѪɷΧŸԼĴԶ̴ֶ۲ƣʹƣɶϧԼԼã⽨ãҲҪЩ켣Ѫɷĵӵջгֲ
׼ȲͬȵĵӣʵձȽϵͣѪɷһ׼ڵӣѪɷܱ֤һĴʣȻ˵ϵҲСӦģջҲ
׼һ˵ƷԪʯǺܽεĶǱһЩ׷߶ĵѪɷա
ǰЩˣ
ʦ֣ҿôȥʮ֮ǰˣٶȱһǰúҲòƨ˵Ϲ
ȻԲű߼ʵƨһü˻Ǿúã·Է˵ʵƵģǵİ룬Դ˵ȻţվˣҲûãű㲻ˡ
˵ᣬһüǼģʱΪӵӣһ
ЩƷԪʯһţǵġ
ллʦ֡ЩдϲһƷԪʯ
ЩʮӵΪںڣڵģƷԪʯôˡ
һüȱΪĸо׼ڣڵĸ߼ŵӣںĵӺ״ǰûʲôڸУЩűԵӣŵǰǾԵĴ磬οЩ˵ΪԶ
ʱͻȻԶһٿ
ţʲôˣ
һüվҲվսڼ䣬Ȼ衣
ȸһüסˣ˵ˣ
䣡
չʮɵĻڵϣ̳һЩΪֻڵĵõվӡ
ģ
һüȿǰĻҳдŭһﶮأ׼ڵĵ̡
ɨһۻ뱳ϵһü΢΢üԷôֱĽ߲ƣ
ʲôˣһüߺȵȻΪ൱ҲʲôԶ׼ڵפأﻹм
贫һã̤һ֮һ߳ҲһĿ˲һüӡ
Ŀһüֻ÷·̽һѵವġ
⡭ˡ
һü׺˵ʯһŤ˸ӵƴͼһʱ䣬ţֱϡ
ôֻˣѵֻ˵ųĻ
Ҳˣһǰ꣬дϰͬħһĽ׻ǹ£һüҲ֪ˣĽʵϺħʥӣƷŵʥӰȻԽɵˣ
ˣ֮ǽڵʯϣԼ׼ڵɨûͷĽҲŪܣ
Ǹ˲¹ͷ
µǣʱΪֻڣȻѾˣ
죬һʲôһʱ䣬Խһ󾳽磡
ڵʱѾ˿ֲˣȫԸڸһսڣڣʵж̬
һü뵽Ѿȫͣĵȴûע⵽һüı仯ǰ˵Ҫ贫ǶЦ
ûɣҪ贫󡣡һӵɵ˵֮ǵ٩֮⡣
ɵƣ⴫Ǳʹõģ裬ûţ
񾭲ڵһ贫ΪԼĸУ
ɫѾɱһըĻҩͰһСģͻᱬ
˵һ飬贫һã
ʼ׵һüˡ
񾭲
סڣһӻ˵һ룬һüסұ죬ȥ󣡡
ǵһʱЩ£ʦ֣ôˣ
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һüͷѾ߳˺ˮۼֲˣʱھѾ˿ֲ޷ڵʵﵽ̶ֳȡֻǱһüֱ߶ס˵ĸо
һüߵĵӶЩԺϴôģôôһڣһôǸڵļһȻǿ˵㣬Զפؾ֣һһȭˡ
һüһӼԸϰԪʯʱˣȥһϡ
ģûԱ
һü߿ǸùĵӣһץԪʯ԰ղɱʱһ̾Ҫĸо
Ǹħͷɱ£һüһ㣬һͻɱˡ
ƺʶҡһüһԪ
ҡ֪дҲڳ
ҲϣһŵϢɢȥһȡ
ǡǡҷģ˵һüæģһڵߣвһڵߣǲ˼飬οһü׼ڵӣһüɣֻҪٸһЩʱ䣬ɱ׼ڣ
ڰźˣ΢һ£û⣬ȸһ̤С
ڱâֵһ˲촽΢ԪĳǰѪɷǷһ顣
˵꣬ӰʧһüĿʧųһ˲ͷĺллأɷˣһüܻɣפǼּδĶ֣
ʦ֣ղǸ˭
Ϊʲôߴ󰡡
⴫һΣĺܴԼƽʱ᲻ã
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һüˣ˵ݣҧҧһüӲͷƤ˵ݡ
ԼŵĻѻȻܺŪסЩͽ׵ӣݰŵͷ
ЩЩӵĿ⣬һüＫȱ٣һ֪ʲôЩ׳ճԵͷ׸ղߵһ
оԼղĴѾȻһüɴýˣһᣬϻƨʱϽȥ˭Ҳ׼˵ȥҿ۵ǵԪʯ


413 
ѪɷԲǧںɫѪ֮УѪħԣճ˿ϣˮһȥʴ˵ľѪ
ˣѪɷˣûмʱҽεĻúܿ죡
ʱգѪɷ׼ڴ󴦣ֻһ죬ûĺֱӱƷɳȥչʮɳľ޴򣬳
⡭ʲô
ɳȥӣŵĿϾ޴ȸôãôɳһֻȸ
ٶ̫죬ת֮䣬ѾһС㡣
һȺ͵׼ڵӣ۵Сۣȫʲô

иӦˡеӡӵ
Ǹλָһ£ڳҲָֻģķѡ
ңӹ򣬿Żָʾķȥ
Ѫɷǧܹ׼ȷָʾλãԺܿҵ
ʱȻһͷеֻ֮дˡǡ죬ͷ·ʯظѹ
ɫ䣬һɲֹͣ˫סָڲš
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Ϣʱ䣬ڻͣϢϸŵ֮Ѿȫʧһ˿֮̾ɫû£ֻǡڡ
ûм˵ȥֻߵˣǶֶϽţ򷢳ѵ죡
ǣɢıԵѪ
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˵ڵ֮ͬʱϨ
˫Ŀŷ˵Ѫ⣬ĬĽڻźãŷӣһŷᣡ
һ̣ϵɱɽһ㱬ѾڵɱҲľ֮Уãѵһɲǣƺսħ
ȸ쳤Х籩һĻȼգΧѪħֱȣȴûһֻҿ
һЩܵѪħϯĻΪҽ

ʱѪɷĳһУ߱ʮֻѪħΧһɽС
ѪħԽ࣬ʳľѪԽ࣬ҲԽǿ
һʼħѪɷսʱɱħ֮䣬ԽԽ࣬ڣʱѾѪħɱˣ
Ŀǰ޷ֻܵȵսɵʤһͳһֽ֯һϴܽѪħɨɾ
Ѫħֻߣˣȴ֫ŵأģ壬ֻһѪںͬһ㷢۾
һֻֻѪħͬŵѪζһ㣬Χ߷˻
ȻÿѪħɱᱻһεĹֵǴֵĲ֣̼䱻ս
ŷʦ֣ôȥŲסˣ
˶ȵӣ˵ڣǰõģڵȻֱӶսʵܲǰô󣬽սȴԷӳ޴á
ŷʦ֣ŷۣѪɷֻΪ˿һϷŪ̬˳ѹθɾõƷԪʯ
˵ѪɷɱвɿûûΪϻڵӣŷ߰˷С檣ʮͨѾߣôŷǾ᲻õġ
ŷۿĵӵõѪɷʱĶˡ
Ѫɷ
ǿǶ߶õĶõһѪɷܸŶһ쵤
ŷ۵츳ͻĻʮãĿ쵤ȥпܴﵽ졣
Ȼŷŷɲŷ˭Ŀ쵤ŷ۱;˽룬û뵽ڣȴһŷǰôܲģ
ȾǳϣϵĴȻͬѰһЩ֮ŮҲܱѹڿռˡ
뵽Щŷ۾˷ޱȡ쾳ߣȥںȺܳϣܰĺӣԺŮ
ŷ۾գСһѪɷ
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⣬촽Ѿһ˿Ѫɫջ۵ľѪʧ£һγսǱһֻѪħ͵ϮҧұϣһھѪ
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ұ֮ϣȫ˺¶ϱģѪ⣬˿ڣϵ
ھѪϵıѪʴţĿǰȴͺȥֹЦһҲͻɡ
ӻȥԼҲһˣѪʧ֮ԴѾ;ƿˡ
ŷʦ֣󷨼ֲ˶ˣʱ䣬֮ǱͻΧڵ˵
ڳˣŷǺڣ˶۷塢벽Ϊ
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ͻΧŷҧʮֻѪħ棬ֻʵԼٵĸ߼ѪħͻΧס
ЩѪħٶȺܿ죬ҪͻΧ˵סǵĽŲ
ŷ˵ţĿһɨϡ
Ŀ䣬ߵŮȴŭˣŷۣʲô˼ʦѾˣ㻹𣿡
ŷνҡҡͷ˵ȥģѪΪһ¡
㡭ŮĿԲֱ޳ܣΪΪɣ
ŷЦôҪ㣡
ŷۣкͬ飬Ź棬һȣȻϣ
ŷüͷһ壬һ˿ɱŹ棿ɱǣǣûңǻͻΧΣҦȻô˵ͻΧʱ㲻Ҫңɣ
ŮȫתͷӣȴǶĿصʱ뵽ĵȻԼˣ˭ȥ˵
Уŷ۵ΪߣŷۣǻһǱɡ
ŷۿһۣԪΪϧõˣ츳ֲô벻أ㾫ѪʧӳȥҲһˣҲӲȥˣһŵҩȼվѪΪۣǱܣȥúõһᱣ֤ؼû£Ҳ֪ŷֻҪԸּҶѣؼûκԹ𡣡ŷ˵ţݳһѪɫ衣
Ůӿŷ۽ⵤҩݸɫʱˣѪʦãӣҪĵҩ
ŷЦſŮһۣԪʦãҿԶ֮ģֻҪúõұƽҵȻֵǮҲϾԣҲΪ˼˵Լ֮𣬺οļ˸ԩ޳ġ


414 ɲ
ѪɷϿգվڻıϣһֻһֳֻǹֱȸıϳɢɱ⡣
·Ļ룬ƺҲܵɱ쳤˻;Ϥٳɻҽ
ʾѾܽˣֻֻһģĶλԲʮķΧҪԼȥҡ
ʱɢŸ֪ϸ̽ΧţѪħʬ壡
·ɽ֮УȻʮ̲ѪѪħҿʬǸձɱá
﷢ս
ûվڻ뱳ϣرʶ⣬ֻ¸֪ͬһһȦȦɢ
صѪȫ֪͸
Ժеļһɫ磬ܵǱѪ֮еѪħҲܵ˳ںɫ֮еĿݹǡ
ţǡսս
Ȼ˫ۣ֮ͫоԶĺ֮УһȺߣѪħƴɱ
룬ȥ
볤ХһչȥΧĺʳ˾޴С
һһ֪еԽԽһˣʮѪħս˵״̬ǿǸ⣬ˣ⣡
ԣˣˣһѾڵϦԪ̫Ҽûио
˵ĴڣӿһĪıʹУǱͱһһ㣡
𣿡
ҧ촽ԻٶȣɹһξֻǼʱ䣬Ȼʱ䣬˵·һô
ʱ֮УһͻȻôϨˣʣˣ
̶һգ۵ʱ䣬һˣ
ĺͣˣͷһڣ
ţ
ͷոմֻǣ
ٴͬʯ飬֮ϣȻһϸ緢˿΢Сƣ
һɲǣֻԼƺͿˣ˫ĿѪĶסϸСƣվûӿ
֮̾ɫˡˣȻûѿǡ
վһһ飬֤Ѿܵ˼ˣпܣʮ죡
һ仰Ҳû˵ĬţΧΪĳĬѹֵͬѪһ㣡
εѹʹվһԵҲ㾪һ仰û˵ȴ˵ȥˡ

ʦã
һȣҦһը죬ֱӱŵѪħ
ȻѪħ˲䣬ȴѾһƾѪѪˣʵյľѪѾˣ
ʱ£ûһ˿Ѫɫ촽ͬӽбһϢĽ֮ˡ
һǰһֻѪħȻȴνûˡ
ʦ㡭ߡˮҦˡ
ǰȵʱʶҦ˹ϵܺãҦ꣬Ϊ츳һ㣬죬ԲѪɷա
һѪɷҦһֱһչѼ飬Ҧˡ
Ѫɷһ£ã֪ÿֹսΪʲôˣؼȫС丮Ȼ֮£ľүүκηٶֻһ󳼵һݵۣһЩ֤ݣͿԽؼųն
֣ıȻ벻ףһֱΣ
ŷӣˣ
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ãǰ޾Ѫħ·𻯳һϹžޣˡ
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һ˲ĵ飬ҦҲѪħΧˣŷ۵˸ˡ
ŷۻͷһۣһ˿Цڡڣɵƣ֪ҪᣬҲãڣҲЩѪħһٵˡ
ŷ۵ϻʦܣҦѪħȺΧȴϧ֮ɫǵϧҦϧɿڵˣôѪħ̣ˣҪþͺˡ
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ţʲô
ŷһһֻѪħͻȻԶһŻԾ˵ٶ߷
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ŷ۵˱˳ɳȥˤ߻أһڵϣɴ۾ŵĿǰһУһǹֻһǹֻ߼ѪħڵĶʮѪħȫɱ
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Ŀ磬һ۾Ϳ˶ʮԶ֮龰һɲǣ·Ϊ㣡
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۾бײеĹâԪа֮

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µʯȻ鿪̤ʯŷɳȥʮɸߣͬһǹ׹

Ļžžı죬һ߿ڷֱ
а飡
ףаħѪɷ
Ѫаǡǡ෴аħѪɷ֮
һ֣ѪħĿǣ
ڣаӷ˷ܵĺХӰȫӰΧа뵽ǹ֮У֮
ֲϺ˫ɫ׵磬ͬ޴Ĺһ
䣡
ΧҦߵѪħһ˲ɱɾ
һɱѪħữһ̲ѪɱȴѪħɷɻңβ
Ҧ״סˣĿ޷ֵһȺѪħ˲ɻֻ÷·һ㣬⡭⵽ôˣ
Ȼȴԭأ֮ɫ
ģԭѾȥ۾ƺɣϲ顢Ҹۡ޻ڡ
ŬǣҪЦһ£ȻվȴûЦôȥˣĺ


415 𶯣
˲ߣһ§ס
ʱ飬ƮƮһһ㣬û˿С
ɫ԰ӣһʹ
ҦһվڲԶŲԶ꣬ȫˣ㡭ǡ
һֻصҦԺôҲ޷ţ
ͬʱŷ۵Цĸ˹ŷмû뵽ָˣϹϵĻ˵ܵõĺô
ţŷϸЦݿ䣬лǰ֪֮ǰôƺ
ŷ۵Ļ˵ĿסˣǴĹס˲ӡ
һʱ䣬㵡־ıγŷ۵ϣ촽԰ףָѾ߳亹

ţ
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ûŷһۣһֵֻϣעԪֽȡһС
һһ˿ĺһȻ˵û˵һ
԰׵촽˶κֻоڴƵ֮Ѹţ
𶯣ģžͺá
ĻߣֻñһᣬˮĴ۽ǻ䡭
һ̣㣬ĸоůİ
֪ԼѾ;ƿˣĻ֮ǰ֪ţѾ㹻ˡ
ڣүүҲû£ؼҲᰲá
¶˸ǳǳЦݡ
ָգɲǷ
СĽڵϣ̾һһı֮̾ɫҡͷعﾫѪľѲأǡ
ҦҲһıУһ㣬½һ죬Ծ㣬ֻĿȥ
һ仰Ҳ˵·ûĻ
ֽȡһɫСƿӣװŵɵȸѪ
ʮȸѪʮΣʣʮʹֻǵ˵û㹻ĻȨ˵ȸѪתˡ
ڲͬˣСȸ¼ǰع˵ǰȸѪˣǰѻˣϻҲκ
СȡһȸѪʵףĵü֮䣬ޱרע۾ֻǵȸѪ
ŷ˶һۣпĿ־壬ǲˡ
һĻȴҦˣŭɶĺӣǸʦ÷Ѫôᱻӣ
Ҧ仰һ˲䣬һеЩ飡
Ȼվ飬СĵµڶȸѪʱ򣬼ɽХǰҲɢ
һεɱ֮ŷ˫ȷ亹죬Ҫ̵ͷܣȴûҲҲѾԤԼҵĽ֣ҡ

ޱרעһһΡ
ҦĹУѪ޷ֲȻ˵ȴطֲȸѪһȸѪĵӣֻҪֲһȸѪȸ¼ĺĹԺŵ˵ȸѪΪ˵һǿߣ
ȸѪ˵ִ߲
ɴ˿ɼȸѪ
ûκαʮȸѪȫļҪѨϡ
ȸѪʷǳºͣӴƤһĸоű·оȫѪҪüĵһӿƺҪɾ塣ʱȸѪʱ򣬲ûκʹ֮Уɼҵ¶泩ޱȡ
ȻʱޱȴȫصܲסȸѪ
ȸѪ뵽Ƥ֮УɫĻָѪɫͺ
ԱĿọֱ̈̄ɫһĻˣʲôǺɫҺʲôȻܲյľѪ侹дҩ
һѪ֮󣬳һҩȸѪȷʵƺղ൱ܣ˳ڵһ
ݳ޶ɱĽŲյѪ
֮㾡ȵĲƸδظ
ȸѪϢϴ壬˫Ŀüʱšһʱչʱ¶һҸ΢ЦһḻʵΡ
ĬĬغߣֱƽҲʼ𽥾ȣƺ˯ˡ
ʱվ¶һ˿ĵ΢Ц
ȻЦֻά˲䣬ȴȻ䣬תͷͬһĿŷϣ
ʱ򣬶̶̼ʮʱ䣬ŷ˵ͬʮһǾͷ·еͽп־ޱȣȴֻܵȴС
ִˡҡҡ
ɱĿ⣬ŷ۾˫һͨһڵء
ϻڵӾ͸ˣ˫ȷָ¡
Ҳ޹ˣʵֲ̫ҬϼĺϻڵҲкڵΪǴĿ⣬ȴѪ
ؾһ꣬ɱϵɱѾ۳ʵʻĳ̶ȡ
ִˣңҰָ֤ŷӣŵһҶ˽⣡
ŷƴģЦˣָ֤ŷӣ
ǡǵģִţ½ƣŷ֮ˣΪ˻ʲôˡ
ҲҪָ֤ŷӣֻҪɱŷӣһѪİʱͷ·ƿߣ
ָ֤ŷӣȵŹΪԸŷӣʵ㹻ǿ£Լǹ򣬺ָ
ǣˣ
һοٲκһˣһС䣬һĶߣҲĳһ죬ͻҧһڡ
ָһѪɫĵ绡ŷˡ
ŷɫ䣬ͷӡ
Ҳһѡŷ۲ͬķܡ
ȻѪɫ绡ȴͬƹ֮ת֮䣬׷˳ŷ֮ϻڵӣֻ͵Ѫɫ绡ͬˮһ˵˵ϣʼɾѪ
˷˺ѷεĲҽУȻƾ壬ǵѸٵĸɱȥϢ֮˸ʬ
ŷֻǶ˼ϢʱѣѪа״ĴȣһѸٸɱŷ۷ĲҽУһնԼĴȣȻʱѪаȴ綾һ˵ŷ۵һϡ

ŷ˫ĿѪӽն
ʡʹࡢŷ۵һѾȫŤץԼ޲ýƤ˺
ҦԶľսһ̣ͻȻһָо·ߵħ


416 ʧȥĸо
ŷˣʹȥΪϸߣѪаһʱɱֻʹѣһΪʬĽ֡
Ѫа׺Хŷɻϣ뵽Ѫа׵֮С
Ҧһڿˮɱ˵ķͷƤ飬ʵڲΪ
תͷҦһ֪䣬Ѿ߳˺
лл㡣˵ʱҦһĻУҦȻչΣʱ״̬ѪħȺмֵԼ
ġֽͳƿҩ
ϺħʥĽ׵ֽ䣬г˴ѪꪵķƷϹħĹ֮⣬ĵҩЩҩļֵ쵤ߡ
ûģֱӵݳһƿ컯һƿ鵤ֱߺͺʹõ鵤ֵҩȹΪԪġ
ν̱Ԫʵȹ̻ĻͻƾʱѾι̵˼£ƿҩ˵û̫Ч
ܹȹ̻ĵҩ۸ҪΪĵҩö࣬鵤ÿŵһö쵤컯ÿһ쵤ļֵҪ߳ôһ
һ˰˿ŵ鵤컯
Ҧӹƿдҩ㣬һʱȫˣǡ鵤
Ҧʶ鵤ֵҩ˵Ǵ˵еĵҩˣȣֻϯӣ罪ơ֮ڳʱһö鵤̱Ԫ
һ־ǰ˿ţ
ÿŵ鵤͵һö쵤
ȵ˵ȼ۸զĵҩôԵ
е鵤쵤Ҫ֪鵤ЧãЧʱѻĻһܹﵽ
쵤Ͳͬˣû쵤ôŬҲ޷ﵽ졣
Ե鵤ȵ˵ͺñζƷƶһƶͷԲϣʲôƷ⣬۴ʵڡ
ҡҦһʱ֪˵ʲôã鵤ʶ컯ûֻǿ컯۵ŨԪܲ²⵽Ǳȵ鵤ĵҩˡ
ʵҪһö쵤㹻ˣðѪɷΪ׬㹻ƷԪʯ쵤Щ鵤ʲôĶ˵ȫݳƷ
µҦе뷨Ц鵤ǸԵģԪңȣڼֻؽѪħԸˣ״̬ѳ죬е鵤̱Ԫջܶ࣬컯ȡ쵤ö컯ܻö쵤ȹ̵£쵤Ѿ㹻죡
ö컯ö쵤
Ҧһ¡
ʱЦҦ컯õģֵȷʵҪʤ쵤ҿ㻻ȵųϣӦûġ
ڳϣ³ԿҲӰȫû쵤⻻Ͼ쵤Ѿûã컯ȴ̱Ԫ
ҦĲ֪˵ʲôˣһֻؿڣڷһоͷ·һ㣡
쾳簡ԼѾ¶ĲϧΪ֮ŬһĿ꣬Ȼһ˲ʵˣ
ҦѵӣипҦ˹ʱĿֻ̤ѣ߶˵ͬһ
ڣֻƿҩһߣʵһƷŵһԸ
ֻ˵̫ˣܿܿͬϣһЩҸоõˣҲϴһֻϰˡ
ԼҪߵ·
ҦɻŵϢҪκˡ
ҡ֪ҦĵͷȻԼƽЩ
Цһ£ӣ˯
ʱѹŨɱ⣬Ѫɷһ֮أøɲݺһʱĴƽ档
Ҫȵȫ֮󣬲ܷǰȡ
һ˯죬ڼ䣬סһԣһֱҦڵĹͬһʼߣֻ̫õڣڹϵľ鼫ΪḻǶĵ⣬콻̸Ҧǳ
ƽ£Χ˸Ϣļ׷󣬻Ŀ̫ۣҲɽ֮УѪħֻǲսŵ

˯е񵭣Ӥһ㡣
ֻż΢΢ü¶֮ɫЩɵӰ̫ˣΣڵϦؼң綾һŷӣΣķѪɷجΣѹ
ÿÿˣеģʱĬĬס֣ο
ȷʵЧˣܻƽʱǻ᷺һ˿Ҹ΢Ц
ɽкˮɽˣһſžӨˮ飬㹻󣬱
ȴ䣬ȸѪһֱǱĬĸѪѪ¯һʢʱ㺹죬Ƶӣʶȥϵ·
ʱЩεΪ¸ǺñӣȴȸѪȫںϣ뵽֮С
ʱţֹȥһ졣
ҹʱ֣¸߸գֻΪѪɷ겻ɢĺȴһѪɫޡ
Ѿȫʱʱĺ֮ɫҲʧˡ
Ѫĸ죬ȻϢɡ
һ۽ǣںɫµҫ֮£𵭵ĺ⣬ͬҹвڱѪ飬
ȴһָֻסĲһᣬЩۡ
ʱĿһ¶һʹı飬̶۾
ģҰҰУ
סˡ
ξͷϮѾֲ嵽ЩξЩʵϡǵԼ֮䣬̤ȸȻȴֲǵ⵽ʱʱģ֪Լ
һ̣ʱΪҪһ˶¶ҵ磬ȴǿߣϹοЦݡ
һ̣ˮҲֹס˵Ļʧʹޡ
ıƺǺһ֣ͻʧȥһ㡣
ûˣһжġḧıипǧʧȥĸоá
ôһӵίҲһ̣ѩڡ
ͻȻоⱲ벻ˣ֮Ĳǵ蹵ҲҪ㾡ȫȥ׷һֻ˻ķɶꡣ
ڻҲԸ컣ֱ֮Ҷˡ
ûԶѾˡ


417 ǰ
ˣЦ⣬֤õòˡ
Щ˼ĵͷֶֿʡ
Եö֤ϲ
˵ſʼ𣬹ʲôģֽһֱԴš
һڴڻϣˮֽȡһͮͮ⣬ӽ˹
ΰͣϣϹʼ
һӺζ磬ʢһݸɫ⾧Ө͸֭Ũʵɫͬƣ˱ǡ
һѸкõĴлϾƣɲ
ʲô
һζŨʵ
ЦؾдʳҲз⣬Ѩ֮еĵºӺܴҲߵʱһѹзŵºӵˮࡣ
ǼƷʳˮܴ½޴ֽط󣬲Ľ׵ֽȴ㹻ˣؽƷֽ䣬Ŀռʮɼװз⣬ֽԳһռ䣬ʳŽȥḯãбЧϼʮ궼û¡
һֳһз⣬¶ݣз־ʮ㣬֭Ҳʮˣз¶ǣһɢԪůڵģʮֵ
ʲôܹɣ
ȵʱҲԹʳһټƷʳһԪʯпܣǰЩзЩʳȴʲôˣЩз⣬ҪǧԪʯ
ԾͺˣЩؾеõģа
ʮȸѪΪҩٸԼƷʳݳ޵ƷʽԲĵѪ
۾һתһؾжʲôΪʲôôá
˵㣬ˣҸġԪˣ
ֻһشɣ⣬Ĳ
СԪ¼ġ
¼򣬲Ǽ򵥵ļ¼֣漰Ҫ¼Ҫ¼˶ԹޱȾͨ¯С
һȫԪ¼ġԪҲ޷ƣͺñһ׭̵ˣͼҲ̳ܿһһģһӡ¡
Ҳǹϡٵԭ
ˡԪҲشɶѣ͵£¼ġԪɱ©ģ֮Ҳʹ衣
ûԺܵ飬ƾƷ츳ҲǼΪˡ
̾һѾҪɡԪ̶ߴ·̫ˡ
ˣȸ¼ʮȸѪ㹻ȸ¼Ĳ֣Լؾȡġȸ¼ع
뵽ʵԸԸ˵
΢΢һ۾˵ҿ𣿡
˵ƷţƷ츳ŵ˹ǾΪˣǲŵ˵ǾʮͨˣǧꡢƣƷϵ츳ֻƷеȣ˵Ѿ߶ԴﵽƷµ츳
Ȼ˵Դ棬˵֮𣬶ңҪһ㣬Ҳ˵
ܹȥ˵ԾһЩ
ЦˣԸĻȻԣξʹȥ˵ȣҲգ
ȵĻ۸ӣĵҪԶҪ࣬ġ
һߣ¶ԣΪһľһҹ̸δߣֱ

峿ǣ߳ɽԶԶȴҦ̽
߳ɽҦһȻ֪£ֱҦһĲŷŻ˶
ʦãˣҦ֣ҦЦݣԾľͺˣ·ʲôƵġ
ֱʮҦЩСĽĸŮԼܹһԼ
ο಻ǰ;Ҳ
ԭҦΪֵڣҦȴҪĽˣԼƿҩ̤ڣظĶ㹻̤ˡ
̫ϳϵļԪ뵽Ҧипʦõá
ʱǰͻȻȼһ⣬ǴĹâϢüͷһ壬̶Цһ
ţʲô£
һڵŷӸְأΥ˽뿪Ҭһ˺ͼͽܣŷ׼ڳϻϵˡ
ЦˣֻЦݼΪ䣬ɱ
ȻˣٸڣҸһȥ׼ô㣡


418 
ھҪȥȣһӡУȷʵԼҪǿö࣬ǣȥȣƣĸ֣Ī˵ŷӱʵǿҲȰŷôʱǺ޽ġ
ǣھȥŵɱ⣬Χ¶ƺ˶˲١
嶯ԿҪ֪ŷȵڽңŷΪŷҪϵȣǿѹͷߣҪŷӣ׳Կġ
ɣҪȥ˵ܲ˵ʩѹ
ˣ£Լͺãھߣ
⡭ðɡȥѾֻõͷʱΪӦûٿһϻᡭ
룬ӦûͷһŷӣҲΪ˲˵
ǡǾõġ
û£һȥòǽһӣҲҰΡ
ҧ촽ͷСġ
һ£˵һȫĵطعﰲ֮һȥȡ
ҡͷսϺаȫĵطһµϣҲģ͸Ҿˣһȥȡ
⡭Щģʱ˵һЩСعĻ
ɫһ䣬˭ţ
һ仰˵ڵɱ֮ɢֻñһʶڿЦֻʱܺƽˡǡðɣ²˳٣ھͳ

ȣϻڡ
ɽһƬĺ֮ϣں֮䣬һȺ˹뵺һһ㡣
ĺϻڣַǳ֮ڣʢᡣ
ϲһǺϻڴŷ檣Ǻϻϯŷͻƺڣڳŷڶʮ֮ͻڣ
ϲ£ҪǺϲ£ŷ檣檳Ⱥĺϻڳ˵ʵ㲻ʲô飬ֻǸˣ΢ףһ¶ѡ
ͷϷŷŷӵͻƴǿŷȵĵλ
Щ꣬˵ȵĶִǽҵģǼܲסŷ˶檳ȺҵŮӾ͸ˡ
žͶࡣ
֮£ŷ˿ڱȽҶѾγ뽪ҷ֮ͥơ
ں֮ϣƻֺʯÿһʯŶɿͨУʮֿ
ʱ⺺ϣ֮ܶ˴Сͷ
֣ϲ
һ߿ŷӣȭ˵
ͬϲŷӹЦŻʱνǴ⣬ͻڣΪԼִñͷͨˣ泩ѾõԪڹͨˮɵͻˡ
һһŷӸеˬϲ£ǾһֱԵ֪ôɵ磬ȻԼȥҬļ˺ͼְأŹ汾ͺϣսʱ͸ˣξԲ˶ߡ
ΨһϧŷûǰķȻŷǳϣҲְȨ;ѹҪǿŭԹ飬ȴǲܡ
ŷܾЩźռǰϲŮˣǲ˳飬Լͷͨ
ŷϣϲһʮڣﵽҲǲܰһ׵ʿһֻŷЦϲ
ⳤ׵ʿһƷ۵ĹвٶƷСţǲȣֻȱõĹϵʱһЩƷҲĬǵĴڡ
ԭع롣˷ϲ¾ˬŷڼԶƷŵĹҲЦӭ̤ڣҲʽ̤ȸˣŷӲһʮ꣬кܴռ䣬ٹٰʮ꣬ﵽڲΪ档
ڣһˣҪ֪ĸȷëǣŷ岻Ҳֻһĸֶѡ
Ͱźϯλһ̨ͤͬʯһ㣬Ө͸ۼ
ܵЩ̨ͤˣǶƷŵϯǸļȵĳϣݴһЩܱߵСϣη
ŷȻ֮ϣһݣǰһȵϢȫнλãһһڳῡܵע⡣
ʮһ̤죬мϣﵽһŷ彫ӭһʢ
ӣ̲סŷȣŮǣڳС壬СŵŮƵƵĿͶŷϣһŮܹŷ檣һǻڼеĵλһõϻڵԴ֧֣ͻ׾ٵ顣
ʮഺŮջģοŷͳٷ磬ӸҲԿ
ʦ֣ǸŷôôڣܹԽսʤڵĸ֣ⲻǱȴʦ㻹ںеС֮ͤУһʮС˵ǳһĶƷš
ĴʦѾʮΪڣڵӵĵһˡ
Ǵʦֵͷ˵ĺڣӦߣȵߣһŵӣй֮޲ǲŷ̾Ѿʮ꣬ŷŶʮһ̫࣬ˣ
ǴʦֻһתκŵҲǵ֮οܴдϴʵ˼ҲҪսŷҲ˵
дǹҲ⣬һſ¶ĺûᡣ
ڣ߶ϳʵ˵ƷŵĺѾʮſˣΪȵĺ¶ҲֻȥҶ
ʵٵҲԸȥȴ˲ˣӮ˾йˡ
ŵҽһĶ˲ĻԵîžҪдһˡ
ʱţϻڵҪڡڡڵһЩ϶׷׵
ڡڵˣȴú١
ڲìܲ٣ԵͬΪıϻ뽣ڡΪ·Ĳ죬˴֮ϵǢһŷӺŷͻƣںڣֻϻڹϵ㲻ĳϵˡ
ƹѲմﵽ˸߳ʱд迪ʼˣ
ͷϷῡǣ׷ϳ¶ŵţȻӮһк֮
ʱ֮⣬վڻ뱳ϣѾɽ룬Ի˵Ҳһʱѡ


419 ȡ
ڹ㳡ĺʯ̨ϣһһȵӲҺŷ˳ȥ
ţʤĿһۣ
Ӯˣ
ӻ
һǿűҶ죬һһ
Ļȵĸ֣ڳֵֻŵӶѣȻˣҲ˵رҪȵĺĵӣ״ӳǲ֪ʲôˣ
һ˸п˵Ļ̲ס̨ϵŷȴŷһƵӣƺûа̨ϵıȶϡ
Ȼȳ̶ȵսҲͲŷۡ
ǲһָĪĸо
ŷǿʲô̶ȣ̲סʵ
²ⲻ֮Ǻǿܣŵǿ˵һСŵӣŵѾﵽ˺۷Ϊ
ǿ̫˰ɣ

ʱŷӣ֮ϣ̨ϵĴ򶷣Ŷ˿֮һΪܵӣߣʱЩޣȵŮشС檣ҲͨѾߣݺݺŮۼһʤա
ŷΪ泩һˡ
ˣҲҪĥؼҡּҶҲܿ⵽ͷŷӵͷ˳ޱȡ
ңᣬжƷΪ˴ʮӡ
ⴿʮӣҪƷ츳ϣʮŮӣҪΪ̣ҪܲףŹôʮӴŷݶŷݶΪ˶
ʮӣϻ񹦴кôŷ֮ǰѾʮεεСˣΪ⣬׼˾ȡǵĻڣԼΪ
뵽ŷӵ˼һѾɵʮεεŮϡ
ʱǰͻȻһ⣬Ǵ
ŷһ˵Ӳȣ
ŷɻʱֻһķʮԶգһֻ޴ȸգȼ죡
ŷվ
ȸ˵ı־ȸȷʵ˵ˣʲôܲԼصģ˵ֲ֪ж٣ŷͻڣ˵˵ƨǣôΪԼףء
ˣҲ޴ȸȵɽǲеģ˵ȸɹȴû˸
ֱɽСҪӭѯȴ˲䱻˦ˣٶȣǱֻ졣
죡Ƿˣ
һֻ˰ûɣ
ˣˣ
ǧ˫۾գ˶վڳĶֻǶƷųʥޣ
Ҳֲ˺ȸķֱ
ʮɳչȼƵ棬Ŀ޷˫һգµֱ
䣡
䣬ںĹ㳡֮ϣȵĻΧĳƵɢȥΪ߶紵ĵŵŵ
ڳ˶ɵˣϻµȸһֻȸǧһֻʹ˲һ
˵ʹ𣿡
˵ҲΪŷףôŷ󣡡
ߣٵ˷ܵţΪ˵ʹΪ˸ŷأȻЩ˼飬ϴڻʱ˵Ҳɹʹġ
ŷͻڣǿ˵ףػпܵġ
ȻŷӲŲɵ뷨ɫأĿѾתƵȸϵǼӰϡ
һȸһԾ£һɲǣȵӰˡ
ǧ˫۾עӰ
һ£ɢֳϺĳǹ
絶һ㣬ü֮£˫Ŀ޾ǿգֻվһӴȴ糱ˮһɢ˸żʮɾ붼ĸоԺĸо
ƺ㳡վŵˣһս
˭
˭
Ʒŵĵ۷׷ף˵֣ȴû
ȻȵĵӣȴѾɵˣʶ۾ΪԼۻˡ



ŷΪ֮ݣ֮ǰƵĵЦѾʧȡ֮ľηǣһǰڻ֮ϣڵһͿأ޻֮
ڣһȥˣԼѾǺڣΪû뵽ȴúõվΪǴﵽ˺ڣ
һʱ䣬Ϊһ뾳磡
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420 
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㵱ʲôطʱһ״̤ǰһֳһų߹״󺺳һƷţ츳ܺãΪ벽죬ǰޣ类ʮ궼ûͻ졣
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ŷ˫ĿѪһնԼۣѪ䣬žһѾɱȥһֱһһˤ˵ϡ
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ԷȻҵǹƥɱȣҪȡŷ²ֹʵɣ
ŷ޹⣬֮ǰֻýָǵһóûѹƳ˽ɳʮԶ
СӣڶΪܡ
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ĿǰϻڣҲֻŷ㽫ϻ񹦡˵ؼ£ҲŷȻѾİ꣬ǿһ˵ԭڡ
׻ڶˡϻ񹦡ع
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׻οСô
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۾΢΢ŷóϾ֮ϵа֮ʧˣ˴
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·ɲʧˣһγġơһһɲ׽⾳
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ŷȫһɫ糣ȻȫԪȴѾת¡
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а֮
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ֳǹ´ȻһͬһɢȥһǹӳϯĺʯƬЩǿɵʯмתΪֻҪһ飬ͻᱻѪ
а֮ڶصƱȫ߰쳤ϣܵɷâˣǲòתԪȥֵ
ŷϾնϵϾѾ˾ų߳һĳ߳Ǳ˾ų߾޽
飡
ŷһ£
꣡
ǹâ֯һ֯ɿֲԪ籩
Ԫ˺˴أʯ׷ɣؾˣ͵ĳУͬһƬҶһ㱻ɡ
ۣ
˦˺֮ϣڼˮһ˲䣬һ䣬һ紵𣬽嵯ؿУ̤˼վӡ
ղžҵײײɫ΢ףһ˿Ѫ˿
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ŷ㱻Ԫನʮɾ룬ˣһȻδ꣬ŷıȻ̣
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ţ
ŷὣնȥȻʱվδԪң᲻Ĺ
䣡
΢СӰײŷĳȻŷؿڣһѪ꣡
һɲǣŷֻоԼľѪͬ©һ΢СӰӿȥ

ŷ˫ĿѪХһһȭԼأϻ񹦡ؼµԪ񱬷ڽ΢СĹӰ֮⣡
ݣ
Ӱһ糤ĸ룬ƿͼɻϣûָ⣬ʧ
ŷؿȾѪɫ԰ףһ˫һ۾ƵĶĿѡ
ֲֹĸ룡ȻܹƿôǿԪ籩ȴûбݻ٣ɴŷؿڣһһƾѪ
ߵľѪŷȻûˣȴǳϧԼѪֱӰԪѪģԪҲģ
ŷˣ
Ҳᣡ
޷ţĸ֣ȻһСˣʧ˾Ѫ
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ڣȴһСˣ
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ڳϻߣѾһƬѻȸĿ̨֮Ѫж˿־֮⡣
̫ˣǸ뾿ʲô֮ǰƺҲһ΢СĹӰŷӣȴûü壬ֻΪǷİЩ͵Ϯ͵ϮͳղԼʵΪݡ
ڿȴȫûߵ壬ںΪһôֻһֿܣǴ
ʲôǿ
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ֻϧŷվΪֻһ˲а룬һʱ䣬ŷ㽫ʧ
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Ҵ֣㾹ȻҾѪ
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̫ˣ
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׽ŷȫУβĳҲϾ
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425 ѪȾɰʯ
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ŷˤʯ̳
ըĻɢԪನƽϢɽȶˣĿҲƽϵĽȫΪƽأʯߣһƬ棡
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ŷķ֮ϣʯ֮УѾˡԵŷ㣬ԱһվŵĻѪӾʮǿҡ
ǿҵӾԼɢڿ֮еɱʹΧǧڣû˸ҳ
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ʱ˵Ҫ¹ģһͬϺħ򣬾ˣһɢ˵ʧأǽѪΪķǺ踶ۣ
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һۣ
ŷǷһ˿ĻȣХȴǣǰ
һŷڱصãֱһϣȻԽӻȥǺ֢ǲɱġ

סҲɫ䣬ֽеĳʱϣֻǳ죬֣ڶŷ⣬𵽵ãʵ޵úܣ
Χǧ˶ǵɴ۾ŷ֮ΣȻΪݣʱȷʵǹʱ;ƿݣô

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ʯ֮䣬Ŀһü֮䣬Ƿ˻ӡͻȻҵȼ
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ķֱ֮ʣü֮ƵĻ֮Ѫע뵽Ѫ֮УѪҺڡ
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һȼվѪǿǾѪյˣûˣ
ȻѪͿԡ㽫ȼգҲһһ
ǷѪ칦Ч
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˫ĺǣɭȻĺֱġ
Ŀ⣬ŷʶһָͣоǱĺ޶סĸоͨ巢һɲԤӿļ䣬Ȼ
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죡
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ʲôôܣ
ۼԭ;ƿݵͻȻŷ뾪ʧ룬ţǧһ֮ʣѾɲŷȥϸԭ򣬳ҵĻϯŷɫ䣬һһն
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ֻɲǼ䣬ŷ뽣ϵױɣ̶ֱŷ

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ΧһƬţͻı仯ȫûзӦ
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Ѿǿ֮ĩȻͻȻ˲ɱŷ룿
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һǹɱŷ룬ʱŷһʽųһ룬һĻ˵ĳԾʽһͣƾɢ˴룡
ŲЩкһȻ̤ǰһһǹֱŷ
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һ˲䣬ŷϵ亹ˡ
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ϻڵУıûмۺʱȻǷڵһλģۼĿŷ⣬Ǹϵ֮󼪣˵ʲôľˣ

ŷдȻʱȴòһǹ
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ŷһ£ɢǹϵĻ棬ȻʱһɫĻ𾫣ȴǼڻ֮УϢŷؿڡ
ۡ
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426 콵
ʴԵ֮𾫣ŷС룬ᴩӱ
ŷһֻץǹǹˣԼСڵѪ촽Ĳ֮ɫ
ãȻǰţҪץסʲôȻͫȴܿĻɢʧȥɡ
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յģŷҲ˻С֮ϣģֻһˡ
һ֮սϻߴϣһʣǿΧȫסһҿԡ
ǹߵŷӵǰŷӴʱҲʣһˣ۾Ѿʧȥɡ
ǹâһţֻۡһ죬ŷСһѪһѪꡣ
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ʷĬĬţû˵Ըм˽⣬ԼȥҲӰˣ粻ȥο»һֻȸ˵ȸ˵óȻȣϾһ塣
ȥʷ̾һҲˣ£ϻ֮Լ˶ϰɡ

ںϻ壬һ߿ķȸûȥΧ߿ö֮ɱϺϻڣɱϣڣȴû˳ͷҡڵ뿪
ȻǿȥˣЩСŵ߷׷׽ڸǣߴϱһ˴仨ˮֳ֮ߵ˱ŷˡ
Χ߷׷׸ŷǣŷֻÿЦҲû뵽κϻĽ
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Хȸ֮ϣѾ뿪ȵķΧ
ٸպʲô㣿
룬˵ĳպȣϻ֮䱾кܶͻȻε˺ϻڣҲ޿㡣
ٸ㻻һɣ˵
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Ǿڴ˷ְɣء˵ɣһ䣬ȸԾ£һ£ܿʧڸ߿յ֮С
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ţġҧ촽˵ʱһޱİĸоڣһжҪˡ

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һ˺ϻڵϢȻڸǲסȻЩϢĶƷСŵӻص֮ǰѾϻ˹ȸļٶȣ;ʹô˹ֻһһҹѡ
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427 
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һȺ˿첽߳Լ۾һֻչʮɵľ޴ͣڰУڷ˱ϣվżˡ
Х˵ǰ۾ɵùԲǴ˵ве龰
дϲմλƸλֳվʲôʵ飬з˽٣ѩ̿Ϊˡ
ҪϵλһҽܣɾʱϵЦȻסˣ
ŷ˱һŮϵıϲõţ̶Ŀ־壡

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ִ֡ˡͰ͵˵ԭţܹټҡҺܼ
Ǻ˵䣬ˮָ䡣
ߣμӹṦĴϳ˹ĵλܸߣ˵ٹ飬ҲĶãǸʲô
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һȫհٹٶסˣǲϵ磬̫ͨңԶˣĿУʵ۾죬߲ʡ
˵˭ֱʵ䣬һʵԺ
ЩǻչĴϴõٹΣԪ˧˭ҷֻһ仰Ϳȫҳն
ѪɱľڣȻŵȫǺ
ִˡһҺͿˣ丮ңŷӱôġΪЧȮ֮ͣҿָ֤ŷӣһλᡭһΪȻҲ׽ڣʹԪˡ
ЦһŷѾɱˣҪָ֤µȥָ֤ɣ
ʲʲô˲ͣŷӱɱˣ
꣡
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ͨ
ˤڵأ౬ѪҺǿ׺
ʡϣ̫൱ŵѪɫ
񱩱Уʹ֮ʱһƬңڳŵû겻壬ڵϣɪɪٹ٣ͬһϢ֮䣬ʵ۵ڳ˵棬ɱˣ
Щ˽ĻĴ󳼿һĻһһ¡Ҫˡ
ֻǻλλ˳ЩⳡϴΪĿǣᱻһ㣬ܱš
ȨĲпᣬھԵǰκȨȴԵò԰ˡ
ɱֺһ仰û˵ҵĹ͢Ϸˣֱ丮
丮˳֮Ĵɽϣʮȸٶȣֻգ۱㵽
֪ȥ˲ҵ˵丮Ϊ丮ֻһ벽졣
䣡
͵һԭڱչǱ޵ĶȻһӾһԾ
˭Ӳ丮ӱŭ̶˰֮еľ޴ȸվȸϵ
ӿ丮Ҳˣôȸ丮뿴ѡ
һ丮ѧûбҵǿȸϵһʱ䶼Щסˡ
˺ǡʦ֣
丮˵һ˵Ĵڣ丮ʱ䣬ȡڻһͬһĳɼ
֮󣬸˵ĳѡУΪǸŵĶӡ
ʣس죬丮˵Ǵ˵еˡ
µӣδ丮˵ĴгһգܳΪһǿߡ
Щ񰡣ǡʦ㣿
⡭ôܣʦֲ˵ѾôҡŵĶʲô𣿡
ʦֵΪǡ
ڵɴ۾ȴ֣Ϊ
߿Ϊģڣ۷ˣ
ʦѾͻ۷𣿲ܰɣ
ʦ֣ʮ۷ˣس죡
֪ʦ丮ʲôʲôҸ᲻һ丮ڻ俪ʼ˰ڳһڻ䣬ͷ˷ܡ
Щ˷ŵߣƵĶŰеĬ
۷壬Ǻڡһս˫ȭʱһͬμӵ丮ˣǻΪһ˼ҵᣬ񣬲ˡ

˭Ϊ£ɫ˱䣬⣬ڻ䲢δμӣͲʶ
ȻΪĸоǰܿ£
丮ޱʵ
üĸе߲ƣ飬Ҳܷϣ˵ͷӵҾǣ
𡭡Цһе֪ͨθ֧֣˳ĵչϴҲΪò־ܵġ
ôòԩˡһ죬һɫһţ
ߣѾϵ߲ƣһֱȫ䱸Ķһʣ׷
һɫڳӴɫһ˲䣬ϸŵױ㱻֮ɢˣ
˻
̵ָֻɫâû˶˵ڣ˲䱬飡
͵³һѪһͷӴݶԵ
飡
صˤڵϣѪһأ
һɲǣ丮ӶɵˡǲŵĿȥĶˣ۾ɵùԲ
ô£
˲¸ɱˣ
ղһϹȻٶȼ죬ȴڳ˺Ĥ˲ӰҶ˻ӽڷֻһ˲䣬˱У
Ϊ벽죬ǰθٵ¸һ˲ɱ
ôܣ
ҡΪʲôҪô
丮ҺһƬ
Ҳȫô£ʱоһ׹һƿʶֽסһһƿҩ
һ𣺡õĵҩȺܿθڣ
Ϊֹȸıȸڿն𣬺ܿʧããƺ֮С
еĵҩԶѾڴɽ֮еȸһʱЩʧ񡭡
Ǹйʣȸϣʵ
Ҳ㣬ֻ֮ļᶨұ˳һѶѡ˵ûԴ뿿Լһ˽ѧ߾磬̫ˡ츳֮ģ㲻ΪȱԴʱ䣬̫ϧˡ
ҽȥĶ
ȥҡЦ˵һ·ۣûлоһħȥظǿԾ֤һԼħĲ²ˡ


428 ٿħ
˳ǣԪ˧
ӰΧһ£ūͶ׼Ԫ˧ͥУһ֮ڣЩʶѾĴǾΪ
ʣ̫ҪɽˣҲλ˳λǰӿֲ
ʱ򣬲ȥƨĶɵӡ
ڶԱӵŻصԪ˧ͭ࿪ˮ·
ǣõ˼ߵЩǰһӶҶˣſڱտڶǡС硱ʦΨʧ񾴡
Щ֮ǰǣǳϻ̳Ͽ֣޲ðʿͳ
Ҫ֪ȨУʤһλ׸һѪϴЩ֮ǰͶ㲻þͱϴˡ
£ܲ£޲ð׵һš
һȺӵظǾͿڴͥԺ֮еֻ޴ȸĺɫëȼյĻ棬ԼɢǿƣһȺǺݺݵĳ鶯˼£һʱ
үүִ˴С㵽ˣںԺһܼӭ
͵һипǧΪҲŮˣû뵽ֻһҹ֮䣬ƾ˾޴ı仯
ܼȥ˺ԺЩȻͱҲ֪֮εݣôǣֲΣ׽Ĺ塢Ȩ˵Ǹ̳һ㣬塣
Щ˺Ȼڹܼҵк£ǰʼȲ졣

үү
һͿ˽ĻΪүүһµʱ䣬񿴵үүúõĻƲס飬ߵһӿ
үүû¡ıּͣʶ˴ˣѾʲô󱯴ϲˣΨһǣҵģؼҵĴУԼŮŮˡ
۾۰ɫԼôһɫŮľˡ
Ŀתǰ׿Ⱥ꣬ϵıʮָӣмпοηֽ֯һ֪ȥƺ
֮ǰõϢ丮θһɱˡ
Ŀһ꣬ɾΪȹҪֵΣѾܹˡ
ȻϣٳĻ££ȴѾܹʵˣŮѾûȥˡ
Ԫ˧İɣȳȥһ¡һ񣬱˳˷䡭

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ִˣҪ㡣
ңҲ˵˭ôԸ˳ǵǣ޷֮࣬ЩûκȤ
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ˣ뵽£Ȼʱȴ΢΢һһһɫȹ¹ڳȥмϢŮĵƫ
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׾ĽϲΪ˫Ҳ丮Ľ׾ƽӴĲֻ࣬Ϊ˼αģ԰׾ƣļ䲢ҪŮˡ
׾΢΢һЦһ񡣡ִˡ
һִ˵ǽеЩʴӣЩͺˣǰͬŵӡ
šҾͽһְɡ׾ЦЦ˵һ丮;ǱޣҲû뵽ֻ֮ﵽȵز
׾Ʋòпһγɱʱ͵ö࣬ڣ丮һɱ
ֱһ㡣
ţһһЩԵðˡ
Ҳŵһ֡׾ҡҡͷɫһĿһ˿ɣ֣м¿𣿡
뽲
׾ԥһ£С˵һ֮ǰŷݶɱô
ŷӵĳ϶˳Ҳֻ񡢶˵֪֮⣬֪
֪ôϹϵģֻǲ²⵽һȵĴ֧֣˭û֪
׾ȻҲȻһЩ˿ȴǿԲ鵽ģ뿪˹֮ǰĸθԺϻڣŷ˹Ѷظ֡
һϵеϵ׾Ʊ룬ԲŻʸס
µȻûκκˣ˵ͷŷݶɱġ
׾仰󣬳һ΢΢˫ۣëĲš
ȴһѹһ£ȻģȴЩʧ䣬·һ飬ȴֵõһʵûκĽеЩƣ
ٴʱ򣬰׾Ŀָֻɣлл֡
ҡҡͷûʲôлģɱҲΪȶɱġ
˸־ʵϻڶŮ˵ҲôֲܷŮԵֺ͸߰ںϻڱܻԼҪĶһ㣬мɫŮӣΪഺ͸󣬶ƴϻڼ
̾һֽͳһԵƿ˵ʦ㣬һҩƿһƿ㣬һƿܿµĻ͸ɣЩҩҩºͣ޹˼ɣԱ֤̤ڡ
׾Ƶ츳Ҳֻ丮㲻ΪһߣȻͻڣڣһҩƿ׾ȴûʲôϲ֮У·һЩ֮ЩѾûʲô׷ˡ
ԥһ£׾ƻĬĬһԵƿһһֱڳǱӪĲֻ꣬Ҳ֪ġ
׾֮⣬²Ѿ˷ǣҲûʲô壬ͽΰˡ
ĬȻ̾һҲƽӣʺ°ɡͳһƿҲȴһӴˣθ㳹ɢ
˰׾ƣһ˻ص֮УѾ˹ܼңκ˶ţҲҪ͡
⣬һĸʱ
۾֮Ѿϡ
ֽȡһСƿӣƿ棬ǳҺ壬ǴŷԼŷȡľѪ
һΣúֵľѪײĿħգѾӽꡣ
ʱ䣬ʵѾﵽ
ֵ֪ľѪǷܹٶȿħ
Ȳ֤²⡣
ЦҡҡͷԳˣ̬ʺϿħ
ԽرԽҪΪη֮ȥԴ̰Ϳ¶
ڣħб̺ĴУǼȿ̽ħܣôģӺζԼʲô
ܸоħԵģֻƺվߵ㣬ԽĮ̬һУԼ
νزʣΪۻħ˵ν벻ʣֻĮȻĴţƾǨ
ٶƽ飬ѵ·¶ؿһöķţͼħһġ


429 ħ
һϴ֣ϴ㣬Լ̬һ˿ŵĳ̶ȡ
Ѫȫ㵹Լؿڡ
ľѪûʲô仯Ϣֻ֮͡ǾѪͬʲôʴһð˿˿̡
һ˿˿ʹ΢΢üͷŸ֪ؿڴħϣ̽⵽һЩ˿
ħӳ˯֮󣬾ͬʧһ㣬Լ֣֪
ΣħվѪʱ̣̽鵽Ĵˡ
Ȼֻþ֮һͷųĸ֪ȫűħ˽ȥˣ֮ǿҲûκεֿ
һ̣ʶһƬڵĿռ֮Уޱߣڰǿһ㡣
ռΪϤħռ䡣
ߣƮ뵵֮䣬ྦྷĹ㣬ΧһһߴСĹ򻺻תţǳһ㡣
Ȼֵ
ڶοħǺߵľѪ죬ôĴҲˡ
Կ϶ֵľѪħ˵Ҳ̫ãħַֻܿʽԼҪǿߵľѪ
ƬĹ˸ɫ͹âܱƬӨ
Ȼħռ䣬ɾЩʧħһͷˮ
֪ϵЩƬϣͻȻһ֣ĲǿѾԼĸܵƬɢϢˡ
ЩƬϢͣЩϢԵЩѪɷ֮
ӦĹйء
ЩϢޣҲֻܴȷһѣһ·Ϊأұ֤ЩƬһܻ꣬һЩδĥľӡѡֵģˣЩܣǰ߳ƵֻһƬҲֵܵġ
ħռս˺ܾãóȻͷųֻ֪һֱܣĳһʱ̣ͻȻ˫ۣŵĿǰһԻٶȻĵɫƬ
ƬֻСָ״СľӨâ˸ƬתڻĹ켣µĺ⡣
סˣָоƺǡ
ĽսʱܹƵϢ
ڤۣ
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бԪŵƬĸо̺Ѫ֮
뵽ħ龧ʱ򿴵ڤ۾޸ָ죬Ųȴصľ󣬻ޱ޼ʵĶħͻȻӿһĪĳ嶯һƬΣ
ҧҧֽӴöɫƬ
ݣ
Ƭһ⣬ת˲ûڡ
ʵѾǿ̫࣬ƬҲҪ֮ǰĸǿ󣬷ҵϢӿԺ֮һԺгҵĻ档
ͼ˵ڹŷĸֶħ
սѪȡɳ
֮ѵǿߣҷʬ壬ѪȾ͸Ļɳ
ģһ޴ʯݳɵĳУ֮еĽţֳУ֮еľ񣬺Ȼ֮ǰĶħǵߣеһ࣬еܴﵽɡ
ħ
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ǻϳҰһĳɢŵ󣬲ڤеģһ塪ħ塣
ԭˣڤ۱Ͳ࣬ħ龧ʱֳ־޸ɱħ龰пܣھħۼĵط
ؾһĺɫħҲǾħһˡ
һֱԺеɻȻͨ
޹ҵĽϸܵڤƵѪУԸܵ鵭ɫƬڲ֮ͬԭͲѪͳԲ⡣

۾˳ħռ䣬߳ȥһµգѾʱˡ
ϵ¶ˮЩأ紵ϣ˼֣ͷоͷԻججʹͷ·Ǿ̫ʱ˯ߣͷԶһ㡣
ǿʹԺеļ䣬ͻȻ͵һţǡ
Ѫꪣ
ˣԺеľ󣬺Ȼһ˳һꪱۣͨѪĴ֮ꪣ
⡭ܣȻǴѪꪵĵһˣ
˼ɫ
Ѫ޾Ĵ˵ݴƷƷߣڵѾ֮߰ãһѾɿ֤ˣʳƵ۵ǿ߶Ϊν˲㣬꪿ˣ
ڤۣ
ʶĴֽȡĽµһϹħĶ֮󣬶ʱЦѣϹħȻҲλֳִѪꪵڷ֮ǰĹ
ɺϵ飬ֻ˵ڤڤ֮⣬ҲΪЩ޵ϵʹܹһѪɫƬϣܵϤϢ
벻ΧܷʥصǿУȻܴ½ķߡ
Ѫꪵĵһˡǰܴ½ķǿߣºħۣƷţһǧ֮ã
ħۣ
ҽƺŵģħһˣ
ȱȫãҲֻһЩϢƬΣӵľȫͷ
һһЩ䣬һ·ħƬеļһЩӰļ䣬μӵսɱˣʬɽѪ
ħۣɱԣ
̾һƬȻ֮ǰҪ٣йڹļ䣬ȴ֮٣һЩҲȫǲȱġֱƬеļһʱͻȻһ
ţǡꪾ
һꪾ
д󶯣ǹʵƣǹϣꪾҲǹϣ
ȱһǹɽĸ־սʱͳֳֵǹϵĲ㣬ǿ֮Ѫǹƣƴǹɡ
ħ壬ǴóģýõľӶ࣬ħ壬ҲΪ⣬ϰó˱ڤó޸ѪꪣĽꪣħҲꪵġ
ͷ۵ĸо䵭ǱĶ֮ꪾеݣĶϲǲΰ롣
ϲǣ⡶ꪾħ۵ռ֮һвꪾҲ
ĽѧϹħҲǡꪾеһСֶѡ
ǵǣꪾһ£Ҫϵɱ¾˵ľѪۻԼɱ
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ħꪾʱɱԣԴĹ£ȴ޹֮ˣɱ
ħ书ƺɱ֣ڤֶռˣǰħۣߵɱ
ɱҲҪ·ô


430 ˵
˳ǣһƬɱ֮⡣
£ֵ̫ǻǻ죬Щ֮ǰڴϴĹԱ׷±⣬뾩뾩ְְ
ЩԭĵϵԱְıְŵţլʺ񣬳Ϊ֮Ҳչֳһ档
Ѯصɣǡ
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ܱյϻλȫͣ˵֮ȻݶϣܸĶҲ׽ȨͽǮЩ˵ûκ塣
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ĸΪ¬¬ɣǵķΧҲ˵ɣԺּҵķˡ
ĸΪһƷھˣС˸һӾ
Щ˲ã˵۹ھˣûйְʵȨǹĵλȴǽǹȦﶥ
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Ҫ֪ɣǳҲǸӾλʮʳǧ
ɣǼ壬˵ΪŮΪٹضûеĹ֮⣬ļоûУǵصصƽˡ
ƽ֮䣬Խĺ蹵̼ȻǮƣƽȴЩͶ֮ͽλ塣
ĸĸ˵ܹܷ壬ΪһƷھ˵еǾǹҫϲ¡
ŸĸĵӣҲοû뵽ֻ׽һССĲ⣬øĸĳӣϴ˸ĸܹӳҩûøĸôġ
ĸһһʥֵּúϲ£죬˵Ҫý˴һ̴ľӣʥּ˵ԺȥȪ֮¼ڸйˣ뷨Цá
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Ӥá
ؾһ֮ãı£ĸĸͷβ֪Ѷĵһ꣬Ϊһá
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СѾͷһ˫۾ó棬Ҳ֮󣬾͵ֺڵ۾Ŀת
ʮϲֽȡһĲϡ
С̫ʱˣԼߺĸ¼ţСڣͲˣԺܵʲôģԼ̳оλС룬ܻʹպΪʺҲǼΪܵģʱĸӦòʲôź˰ɡ
ǲ߸ĸһ飬Ȼ򸾻ؼҵþˣǵ֪ľĸЩϢ²ѡ
֪ܿҪٴ뿪˹뿪ܾõʱĸԭ俪ĵʱ嵭ˣû˵
֪ȥᾭЩʲôʣǳΣգԺ궼ӣĸҲǿĲ
ΨһĸЦһЦģǾˣȻֻѹϵĸؼţǼŵ˼ˣϱôô⣬ֺã֪ҲƯ
ĸò˼ΣʲôʱܳױӣЦԷǣָӣָС볤˱￿һЩ
Ĵ޶չԼĺӣҲ߶ԭһֻǱþȶŻῼӵ飬֮УӵıȱȽǡ
ڼо˰µʱ䣬ڼ䣬ʱ䶼ŸĸżС롣
ֻҹ˾ʱһħġꪾԽԽǾ׹ޱȣҪȴҲء
ֱڵˣҪ˵Ҳͬһ֮䣬ҲǳԵˡ
գ峿
ɪҶݻƣεε֮ϣһϷȥվڻĳ֮£֮紵졣
ĸ죬̲סᡣ
ָҲǸпһӣΪ֮ԺҲעӲߣԶҲɲߡ
أͷԾϻ룬ſ˫
ȸչ߷ɣХȾա
ǿ֮·ע¶įƳһϡ
ҲܣϽڶ֮·ȴԵԭˡ
ֱӷ˵𣿡ȸϣʵ
ԣֱȥ˵


431 ѡ
˵ɽȸ
˵׿󲽴ȸ߳һҪγˮˡ
ϣ
ȸһŮ׿
׿ֻǺһᣬߵǰʮɾ׿һ䣬ڿն
˵ȸǰ㳡ûɽĹ涨ɣȸϻ˵޹ҲȸڵȨڣһ˶ߵ㳡֮ŻУ׿ʱѾȫЩˣղϻ˵̸׿ܲˬ
ԭѾճ̵ʥŮʽϻ˽ھƵˣӳ

һĻ׿ǰȼ𣬽ˣǴ
׿üϵĹϵȽһ㣬˵ڲȨ۸ӣ׿Ϊϣһϵ棬Ҳһϵ
ϵ֮䣬ȻͻĵطҲ׿ϵҲ顣
׿ԥһ£ת˴ڵĻ鹬
׿֣ڻ鹬֮⣬һ쳤ۣЦǺǵȺš
ͷֹҼǣá׿¶ݹ˱ȭ
𣿿£̫ðɣЦЦ˵
׿üûзʲô
׿֣֪ΪĻ²ͣˡֱԣ׿ֻıȽϺãѵ׿ûпϻѾ㽫ǧ޸ôҿǧܵĹϵҲԸӦµģ黹ɣ
Ļ̶ܴ׿˵ĻȻֻǲԸʵѡ
˵ʲô׿żɽʵ֪νԲֻΪġ
Ц׿ǸˣǰȷʵЩССĲ죬ǱϾģ˵ǧյӼ룬ճϣˣպ²ֹϰɣĵλԽԽҪպȢǧĻܳΪ˵ĵˡ
׿ǧδ൱ǰ˵ϣϻ᲻ͬģ˭ܱ֤ǲǰػģ
˵˵ţʵǳѪУ˾Ӷ࣬ڼʽ
һ壬Ѽ֮λϣ˵ĳǲһ
ٺ٣ǿδأɶܿãϻҲΪǱֲ̫׿ֻ֪ɣһΣһɱȺϻڣսϻ߰ϣĺϻ
ʲô׿ɫˣ˵ԺڵΪĸ֣
ǣǷǿ߲е츳˵պΪ˵ƿ˵Ҳǲܣʱûǵ֮ˣ
׿ɫΪѿҧҧ˵ȻˣϷҲûʲô˵ˣѾƲɵһȰ˼úǣ츳ˣֻȻˣܵ׿һ˥䣬ҲܹӲдܱȱǿ룬Ҳû취ɣɳΪֲڵԺĺܲң
м׿֣㻹ܱѾˣ
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ٺ١ͻȻЦ׿̫ˣ׿ֻ֪ΪλɱȺϻڰɣ
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ѾԼүүŬȻԲ󣬵һϣϾһƣǾ
ʱǰһ⡣
ţ˳ȸˣ


432 
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뵽ЩûʧȳϻᶼһЩ˼뱣صɣδػԸȨģԼǺϣġ
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ǧ꣬ʼһ˿еĸоĳ˵ԸΪ˵ǧԭ
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ʦ㣡ȸҲСĵȸؾصվ棬̬ɾн˵ǧ֮䣬ϵС
ǧĿҲϣ㼸Ϣʱ䣬ֱЩִٲˣʱǧ΢΢һЦ˵λعˣ֮ǰ˵ع飬ؼѣҵʧ죬عû£ҡ
ʥŮˡһǵһμǧ꣬˵˵ʥŮ˼ӣһһССԱݡʵȫ޷ǧȣҲʹɱ˼֡
λǡĿת顣
飬ʦܴһᣡ鱧˱ȭϲŭ
ԭʦ֡òԵĻ񣬶ʱǧԪС飬ΪһЩԭܻỳе⡣
ţҺûɣ΢΢һ
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ʦܣؾôãлԵɣĮȻĿʵ
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һüһ﷢飬άƽı飬ɫ糣վһԡ
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ǡ
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𣿡ǧ۲̫ţżߵǴʵսӰ첢ر󣬶һţȫʧе˵ȥ
Ӧˡǧô˵ȴͬʱԪ˵һ׷飬ʦܲҪˣʦһ
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ϻ˵ȨЩϣȻ˵ʵȨǵֻҪԶϻʩѹ
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ϻĿһۣУо·һŴңԶϹȼŵĻ棬֮ɢһعӵϢǷ
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ҲɫϻеѪɫȭͷյýģв֪ʲô
ϣɫ죬Сȸ¼ǰعǵȻϲҪ֪ǴѾȸ¼˵ؾ磬ȻɱڣڣҪͻûбİ취ֻһһĹ̡ȸ¼ǰؾ磬ԼĹһЩԴͻơ
Ϊûеع


434 
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ЩҲûָΪǿߣһʲôϵ
ܴﵽڣѾƽĿꡣ
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ʮȸѪ⡶ȸ¼ǰع˵ֱأ
˵Ŀ⣬ԼͬļϣĿС
˵ĹأؾߴؾõĶȫ֧ȨԽһţҲԶһϣֻҪ۸С
ȻЩϿûָܶöѪֻȶΪͺˣϾֻһöȫصȸڳȴʮҪһϲһ£һ͹ȥˡ
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ʲô
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ֻڣȻѾûôЩϾѾˣʮȸѪŻ˰չۿʱ䣬ôܴӦ
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ңϻһ飬ϻƿˡȸ¼ǰعķȨ͵ڶסڳϵʺ˭ҷϻˣ
ڴҪ˷ˣȴҲֻǼʯͷѣϻ֣Ͻ˶Уû˻ʱϻˡ
ңԼҪȸ¼ǰعȾҪϻ˺ͬ⣬ÿÿ뵽ֻǳ˲Ӭһܡ


435 
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ҡҡͷϣ󡣡
뿪ؾʱ򣬾ʹˣƸһЩʮǰɣѪŨȣǲ
ڵھصġȸ¼ЩʵҲûʲô塣ҪŷѪԼҲʸϰġ
˵ǵھˣڰأأЩҲȥѾ㹻ˣ޷и޷ƣýع
λγϻ¹شλϸܣڴȥ֮ǰҪίһ¡ϻ˵ţֽóһžᣬžͨ죬ǱѪȾƵġ
ʵڲŲң¹ش󣬡ȸ¼ǰعҪǴȥĻ˵˶֣λھǩɡ
ϻóѪɫΪѪӡԼѪΪµԼڳλֻҪ˵ֱϵˣӵȸѪѪǩԼܵơ
ΥȫѪڣ˵ĹֶȸѪΪɵģһѪڣ򹦷ʧ
ᣬ˵ʦģֻԼĺᱻƣںֵѪȴڴƷΧ֮ڣҲ˵ϸյӣųյӵԭ
ϻѪӡԼϵǳ鶯һ£ѪӡԼʵΪ׼ģϻ˵˾ֻǲԼ
ҪͻѪӡԼƣΪﵽȻڳλϣϻԼôһ˿ãϣ֮⣬ˣ붼롣
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뵽ȭͷյýģ
ϻ˵һпմѪдԼ
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ǧ꣬ҲݵдԼ֡
ֵˡ
ϣɣϻ䵭˵
һָָһһӣǩԼ֡
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ΨһûǩֵģҲֻˣǩҲûãҲûй¶Ϣȸ¼Լóġ
ίˡϻɨһѪӡᣬƽڣһ¶Ϻħսɣ
˵һŻϻǰǴĹâ
ϻһһҪھȥɡ
ǧһͻҪ
в֪Ϊε뵽һֿܣòǡ
ţá
ǧһȥ
һ·ϣǧЩҡСߵͷӵĴˡ

ǣʦ档
ڶ̤ɵסˡ
ڵĳϴûκα仯ǼѹӵΣľȥ֨֨ѽѽŵӵذ塣
ס֮Ҳ˵ֻ΢ЦһСʱ䡣
ֱʵ̲סˣ̽Ե˵ʦ桭ʲô£
ɺǺһЦǻݣҶˡ
ڳϻĻһ̾봫󣬾Ϳͬϻס
ȻѾĵ˵Ĺ㣬漰ؾش飬ǻĵġ
ءȸ¼ǰع˵˵Ǵ
ʦˡ̬ȷŵúܵͣǶȻҲ֮Ǳ˶żѹݺݵȻȥһǶ⡣
ЦЦһתֵνؾõĽֹֻСȸ¼ǰعɣ
˵ĿתƵüĴǵĻΰ̺ϣղһݣɾϸܵһŨǿֹϵѪϢ
Ϣȸ֮ѪԵڽؾ֮ǰϲûС
һͻԥһ£ǵͷνؾҵõһЩغѪĻԵ
ˡ۾һипǧѾƲɵˣֻҪ䣬سɷǿߣ
ֻǲ֪˵ûⷬųΪʥصˣ
һ£شҡɵ
ʦʡ
ʵԭұⷬ뷨ֻǾͻСڣһǾֱӽȽϺã⽫ʲôᣬŪɳ׾ˡ˵һ£Ŀһۣһһٵ˵㣬ԸȢǧΪޣ
һ仰֮һȢǧΪޣ
߳ɻ飬Ҳ٣ҲҪڳɻ飬ֻЩһ䣬ϵþˣһ߹۲ı飬һ߲˵ⳡܿء
ݡλԽԽҪȻϾˣɣҲⷽǣϾ˵Ŷ̶һʱ䣬ȻƷԺܺã˵Ĺжأ


436 սɱ
ȸѪԭǶ飬ؾ֮óȸ¼ǰعѾʮĻݶ顣ڲǷ˵Ķ飬˵Ƿġ
һ˵ʣ¶ٹУ
ʹ뿪Ļ˭Ҳ˵ʲôôƾʲôҪ˵һֽ˵ߵʥصƷأ
ԭΪǧϵУȻչôΣһ·ɱѪɷһŮɲòˡ
ϾֲһȥһŮľŮжӶϲ
һʱˣŮʾã΢Ĺ£˰ѳֲסһˣҲʲôϡ顣
ɿóǧ֮䣬ٴһЩĹϵȻڣǧƵ飬׷Ȼǲܵġ
ȥҲ꣬˵׼Ȣʱǧô죿
һʱ֪ôش
ǧ꣬ȻûиоֻھͿǳ׵飬˵׼Ҫȥܴ½ֹĵط
һ»£ͶһΣԼĴðգһĻܻһݹ˼ˡ
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ͻȻһЦðɣҲô㣬һ⣬Ҳ㲻֪ЩӣȸһֱףҪȢǧ꣬궨ףʮ֪֮ͬΣ
һͣ㶵ɣҪףɷԼ
뵽ǰС֮ϣż飬ԷԼĵ⣬ԼʱǧŤΪѵı飬лȻԭˣ
ǽԼΪˣֲǧ겻˼ԭ֮ҪԪ顭
뵽ʱǧ΢ľӣĪһһֵܰӿͷ֮˵ɽɽǸҹǧȣȥǹϣϧ˳
һĻĻιļ䣬뵽ʮ֮ǧսһԼϲĻ顪ܲ㺦ͬ뵽ֻоµûš
̧ͷһЦеԼЦݣֻꡣ
ɻô꣬ȻϳɾıϾͿԴ²³һЩˡ
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Σ˵֮ʱȴ˵ҲԸ⡣
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˵ɶ˶٣ֵƺǴδǸŮҲ˵
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ԼôǿҲܲסЩŮ˽˵Ļ
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ûô࣬ͷ˵Ҳá
һϺħս£һսΣɴȥһ£ǧһһ򱣻㣬ܴٽ֮ĸ顣
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ţԼһˣЩȣҡͷһ˲У̫Σˣ㱻ϳٱϺħ֪Ļ룡
һСĵģһһܹòʵǿ̫࣬򿴲ƣЩڣڵĸ֣ҲСģսУˣҲδʶҡ
սֳֵĴ֣࣬Ҳͬսûذʵȴ١
ս֡
ѾǰϺħμδսˣںҪһǹڽӴǹ֮٣ֲҲֻ⡶ꪾˡ
ꪾħߵɱҪҪɱ¾
ˣҲֻϺսʣ
ǧֵ꣬ıʵ̱ӵĻ٣ֻǲʹĲμһЩΣյСģսⲻҪġ
Ҫ뵽սĵһߡ
Ȼ֣΢΢üֱӲ뵽սһУȻʵɳĿ죬ΣҲɱӡ
Ѿˣ
ǡ
ðɡ̾һֽȡһСƿһҡһѪһŶݷΣյʱʹãҪǿŻҪ
ӹѪݷһʹ÷
Ѫȥ֮󣬿ڶʱڴԼʵƵĵҩв٣ǴัأѪֻǶãʹ֮ںܳʱҲ˳Ѫ۸߰
ڻǱҩ˵أֻҪ˼꣬ûʱڻָ˶ѸٻָյԪ
ϳѪ󣬶ԪʯҲ򲻵
Ŷݷһ
ӹݷӵ·ȻϹ󷨡
Ϲ
һݷһ֮󣬿ԽԼ͵ԶĵطǱ
ʣⶫǹżеõģܴ½ˮƽˣһžһţΪ


437 
ĬĬɴԼܲǳҲãǿԼδļֵҲã֮Լܶࡣ
ʱóȷʵҪ
лʦ𣬵ӻŻġ
̾һ˽Ը񣬵ɽ͸Զ͹ڵΪߣοڡ
˵ԸҲʮߵһ
ԼӲҪڰȫĿǶĻסǱ˩סǲܰġ
Ϊ֮ɡ
šӦһҪߣͻȻʲôʦ棬һ̡
ʲô£
ӷ֣һƷ塢ţΪϣƷԺΪϣƷΪϣƷΪϣÿһƷӦʵֶǳ׼׼ƷӦԷǿΪϲŶ԰ɡʵϣӷ֣ƷſƺƷŲ಻ֻжƷţƷţſзëǵļǿߡ
һֱдɻ̳еܵĲȱ䣬һЩļƬΣͶԾʵĻֲôټܴ½Ĳͬһֱдʡ
ϻ˵ȷˣΪǿ߲̫ˣΪǿߣҪɽ׶ΣɼΣգκʧܣᵼʬ޴档ǿƷţǵĳϣʱڡ
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ǵģδ񺣣֮ΪʵǿҲΪǿߡ
νɵʲô
ɵǿߣ˵ֻһʵһģ֮硪񺣣νߣԪڵ۳ɵгһգ鵤ﻯΪһƬ񺣾
񺣾ܣҲǷǿߣʮ֮ǰʮ֮ǰ֮ǰʳƵۣ񺣾Ҫʮ꣬Ϊ񺣣ҪɣÿһɣΣաǡҪ׽һ
ÿһɣ߲Ҫ鵤嶼Ҫɱ䣬׵̥ǣҲΪǿֻܻ˰꣬񺣴ܣȴܻǧ꣬ԭ򣡡
˵һûǧţʥأʥܴ꣬ΪЩǿߣһܻ꣬һǿʥأʥز겻
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˵̾һÿһɣѾ˺꣬ʹģɹ֮Уʶƺһֱ֮䣬ʱ䶼ʧȥ˸ץ
ֻһɣ˶䣬Լ̫ٹһɣȥ翵񺣾ˡ
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ΣʦڵɵʱʧܣʬˣҪ޴ܻ̤񺣾֮٣ʵϣǿ߶ѡһһµµΪ֮󣬻Ϊ
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ȹ̵ģĿҲС˵ΪǿߣҪ㹻Ҫ˼
񺣣һ֮Ԫʮջʵ̫ˡ
̲ס̾һԭ˵Ŀʦˣ˴Եȴ֮Уɼ̤񺣵ļѡ
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ÿһɣһ飬ÿһɣԪΪΪǿ󣬾ΪͣԣɴԽ࣬Խǿ֮ǰ˵ЩھѾʳƵۣǾǾɴߡһɾ񺣣ʵΪֲ
ǼˣȴֻĴɣɾ񺣣ھŴɣ붼˾õ
ˣллʦ档
ţҪɾģҵԪˣΨһԸܻſΪǿߵһ졣˵¶ȰЦݡ
š֣صĵͷɾ񺣾ֻ̤ĵһһԼ粻ȥ̸ʲô׷¡
ˣȥɡ
ǡ
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ȻŲſڣƺãŻƿ飬ȥȴǧɫ΢죬ЩΡ
ΪѾˡǧЩֿڵ˵
΢΢һȴףǧЩ֪ôԼˣʶȤ˵Ҫʰһ¶ǰϺġ
ϺǧһʱЩѾ֪ҪȥϺϢԴȻǲԸ⣬Ҳ֪Լ˵̾һǧĬĬĵ㱣ءȥϺĻ١ÿһʱһţһƽ
ǧ˰죬ҧ촽˵ⷬ
˵ͷһġ

ʮ֮ϼ
ϼϺ֮һϴĵˣݺǧ
ϼ֮ϣأһƷԪʯһֲɭ֡
ƷԪʯȻǲ˵Ʒ˵Ҳǳı
ֲɭ֣ΪԭʢݵҩֵԪʯ
ϼһֱ˵أԭϺħԶ㰲ȫ£սֲսѾյˣϼҲΪսĵһߡ
һգһͷңµ꣬һֻͨͨϼϡ
ˣͦΣòͨΪڣһų߳ıϲŲӱһ˵İε͹ܿꪡ
֮꣬ˣ䲻֪ĸżǶҵһ֮ݾޱȣһóȫģһ˵òʣֻȮֱܷϢζĲ
ƷУ߼в٣֮ûУһЩҲȱһײˡ
һڵǿߣδؿαװ
󽵵еΣճ̶ȡ


438 սʱ
·ֶԱһеĵͼȷλãһֻѹѹͷϵĶңֱһǳ֮Уһǳ۵ĽʮɸߣǰһңдšϺսʱˡ
֯ϺħϾǿƷŵӴټ֯ϺһЩɢ죬ΪӴ󣬼˵һЩɣҪԿϺħɳ
Ҫǣֻ˵ָսʵʡ
˵ǵÿԼ
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ˣ˵һӰģϴ˹ͬ齨ߣͶϺսϡ
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Щߣ߳Ż߶Ʒųһ֣ŵ߳ġ
˵óĽ൱ḻΪЩ뵽ϺսϣۻһƷ
αװеһԱ
ʵ̫УĪ˵˵츳һնɱħʥĽһ㣬Ϻħȫ׷ɱˡ
Ľ׿Ϻħȫʥӣ츳ھϺħӵڤֱϵѪһȴֱӸɵˣ޿֪
˵һݱ¶ǾͿ𸽽еǿߵˣ£ȻҪССģһսϺħ򣬶Ʊչأȸ¼
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αװһߣִǹĳꪣݣע⡣

С֮УֵԱ鲼ĽЩȫµģ²ŽģмªʯݣҲиߴĵã෻õĽֵڽֵ԰̯
Щ̯ߣΪͣڶͼߣռ˴вߡ
ȻĶҲ۸񰺹Щߵ̯һ۹ߵúܣͬǶô
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ʣЩսսƷ
Щߣսɱ֮󣬳˻þ֮⣬һķ;ǱӶԷƷˡ
һ֮ƣ̵ʲôǾͿˡ
ս֮ϣԿЩ߱˸龰ǶԷϴŵײһҲ˺ˡ
ڷ֮ޱȷߣøʬҰ³ʵ겻ѡ
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С֮ϣ˸ߵȼ֮⣬ҲвٵͼߣΪֻڡڵģЩˣֻṩġ
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һţһĴһ飬ʵսģ
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Ϊʦֵӣһӣ沿˫ĿźɨһڳĴߣΪ˵ڻҶѣ
սǷƵĺֶΣҲܲУЩˣҿҪ˾ųɣ
ָжǿģЩֻƽߣԴѷһͿȻǱȲߵġ
ţʮˣҿҲǸŮģǸսꪵļһܶƷŶߵˮƽ
ʦһֻһŮָָȥȻ˵ľˡ
ĸ˵̸һֲıˡ
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֮⣬Ҳṩһ׵ƽ̨еǿ߶ڷ
μɲͻǰ⼸߾̫ŵӡ
ֵһʱ˶ʮˣվ˻

Χ䣬ɵɢȥǰֳһĸӾͲվڴ֮ǰӸµڳʮߡ
ͻı任Щ˶һȻûԤϵһ֮С
ˣǶʮʼʵμⳡսʺܸߣǿҪˣҪ˳üӻһȦĿŮ϶ͣһŲ첻˵


439 һս
ѾȻ˳ĵ˵ͷȻˣǽɱɣݻǵʵȼӦʵСӣȰ÷ӳȫʵһսߵСӣ׻þҲ׻
ڶɣһ㣬һˣ˵䣬ԵһӿɱɱĹ㳡֮ϣڳ˴Ǽʶɱˡ
ʵõĻɱ
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µˣֻ൱ʵĺߣˣƷŵڵӶᱻŰȥսڻҵʸûС
һӽɱ֮Ա߼ʱ߿ʼ㣬һȼɫһףɱ˳
ǧ֣սޱ
ܲԵ΢΢һ㶣ƺЩ޷ܣΪӴͬ׸ֲ࣬ǷǳţҲʼߵϺս
ǲԽȴֻսⱶܴ
һӵɨһۣ˵
ڶӽ룬ȴֻдʱ䣬ˡ
ǧ֣ս

ǧ֣ս
֣ս
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ɱ
ţһ۷߳ʽñ䣬һɨȥǺ۷Ҳնϣ
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һ꣬ڶһһС㣬ʱâһ˳ɱ
ţô죿
ЩȻԭΪʵԲ⡣
ȻתһЦˣСӣȻӡ
Χһʼûô⣬ֱ˳ɼ
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Щ˴ɱˣ֪ȡʮֵѶȡ
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ȷʵǰ;ǰϺսϻ
ƽߵʮǰ˵ģΪľһսͷΡ
սʱСΪսλս鱨˵λãҲǷŵСӵСӣҪĶ࣬ȻˣȻҪߵȼСӣܸϤսõҪ鱨
浢һ㻹ʱ䣬ȫΪ֮ʵֻʮʱʹﵽʮ֣⻹ɱеĵˢ̫Եʡʣʱĥ䣬ó̫磬ھס
ص֮УΧ߿ı鶼Щη֮ǰŮҲ࿴ۣ֮Ĭˡ
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սϺħսײˡ
ָָ֮ǰŮˡ
ʮ˸Ŀ뿪ĿЩпЩʣ̫Զˡ
ڴȥսСӣһǿСӣΣʱǵİȫԵõ̶ȵıϣʱǿСԵĵҲǿ󣬾ôԼѡɣ
˵ƿһȴţڴű󣬾һӵľƹݡ
ƹɫҰڶϹɫԪʯƣھƹ̨֮ϣһϲƬٵÿŮһû赸Ĵͳ赸ҫŮԸвλһֽС
٣ÿɡӶŬŬ죬¶һ˶ЦݣħǱߴ赸湻ζħҲһЩö
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ĲͬûгҪ
ʮһǧֵһսҲǺֵǮڳЩСӶǶСӣʮһǧֵġţ治ɫ
СӣΣ
ڳ˼Ϣʱ֮һߺţһƣҡμ䣬˲档
һȥǴ󺺵ΪǺ۷壬Ԫ쳣Ȼͬǿеĸ֡
Сӹ־ǶӳڣԱҲǾþɳһսΪǺ۷壬벽죬սʱ˵ĶС֮һˣǵСӣ㽫õĻۻ˵ʵǰЩԱһһ㲻Ҫڵߵġ
СӣԸҪ±һ±ȱս飬Σʱţ׸ֻһ˲սУСгһ׸ĺ֪
۵úܣСԵײģսֻκ˵


440 ɱʼ
ڴ˵һλ֮Ӷ˵˵ĶʵȷʵսʱȽ϶СˣѡҲ
΢ԥһ£ûش
󺺿ĹǣȸȥСӵϢҿһ£ԣֱӼ룬˵ǰ棬һʼսǿ԰һ£ҲҪָԱİս֮ʼղӦսͲҪҽ߳СˣСӲ׸սʱһ˵ʧͿСӡ
ȻƽӦһһλʦ֣Сӵ鱨Σ
ս鱨ȻҪģжСӶܵһ鱨ϣǻһ֪ǿĶԱרŸ鱨Ѽ
ҶˣҾͼСӰɣλʦֶա
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ǸӳԽꡣľ˵ָָŮӡŮڶΪ
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ߵʵΪԵȱʽˣԽ棬Խ
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ꪾɱǿԽ࣬Խǿ򡶴ꪾҲԽ
ϵϢԺУһ˻ص䣬ʼ׼г̡

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ʾһϺħǰﻹдԪʯԿɣӦòô뿪
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Ϻħõľޣʮ˱֮׾ͱͷ֡
ڣ㲻ˣûаһˡһȡ


441 Ѫ֮ӡ
ɽ˶ߣɽ֮УϺħһ졣
죬Ѿ￪ǧƷԪʯˣټնɱô˻۵ľȥ֮ӦܽħʱֵҲܸųͷˡ˵߾ųߣ೤һֻƤ΢ࡣ
츳һħҲǳ飡һϺħ߽ӹЦ˵
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¼˵ĴЦһ˵ʵǸһս֮ĳƺţˣϺսջǾҲԪʯǽɱ˵ؾ磡
ս֮ϣʱɱ¾Ϊ飬ɱɱ׾
˵ǣʵҪģδսǵɱ˲٣
ߣ࣬ǧǰϾɱѪծѪʱˡţ˵ɫһ䣬֪ɢȥֻ꣡꣡죬ֻ֮Ȯ߶ûһ㱻ֱնɱ
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ħɫ䣬ܱħߵҲȻ
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һʱ䣬ֱϮЩߣһ־ɱǶǾþɱľӢսʿ
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ʹóꪵ۾ˣֻһغϵĽֹ֣Ȼһ˲ɱˣ
ȥħһħȴɫһ䣬Ѿʶһ飬ǰ꣬һɷ
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ħͷɢ˫ĿѪ죬һìа
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ۣ
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ħһǰգ˫ĿŨصĲھѾ֮ƻĴѡ
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ʮϢʱ䣬ħߣһڣһڣȫɱ
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ҵΪǸṩõαװ
еɺһѪ֮ӡ΢΢һȣֻѪ֮ӡֲȵѪ֮ӡǧʱһųͼΪֲˡ


442 
ڶѪ֮ӡѪ֮ϣꪾγɹһսϵ
Ѫ֮ӡᵽһ̶ȣʵʻɱ¾ˣһ̤оͻᱻɱ¾ѹȵñ־ǿˣҲٻһЩӰ졣
šꪾпĽ׵ĻԵѪаϹħټϴѪꪵķƷศɣôȥôҲɡꪾǰˣһмϣǿߣֻϧԼ
ϹħԭǡꪾĲоѪħʹõѪаǳȡѪļƷ顣
ĽνռʱȻˣҲ³
֮·ļпᣬܴ½ӵڶʸʶǿߵľţȻô񺣾ģȴ֮١
˿ʱ䣬ʱ֣֮ϣһ㣬˴ܽҲ˳ȥһ¡
ţչֱĿĵء

峿
һĸߴ󣬴źɫ׵ӣ̤˻СӵϢСԺ
֮䣬ȻȻɢһǿ·ΧĻ֮ԪƺΪ߶
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š˵ͷǻСӵĶӳ𸫣ΪڣǻСӾԵģս顢ָǸʵСӵһСоԵš
СӵԱԻ𸫷ĵľء
ҲƿԼӵţź΢΢һЦӳսô
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𸫴ֽͳƣһӣȾŵѪ˿
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پ׬ˣ׬ˣ
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¶ЦݵĻ˺Ӵ˵ЩҲ¶һϲ⣬ȷʵҪһö˽Ʒ𾫣ˡ
󻰲Ҫ˵̫ˣϺħЩһǿѪǡߡħҾ˽Ʒ𾫣ҲԶԶǵĶ֡
ͻȻˣӴ󺺲һ˵ˣȻʮּɵ
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˶ɱɷǣĸСҪǣ˵ȫû
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ͬߣʵ󣬻ףɱѣϾԷһܵĻס
ˣһսƻɣѶԱг

СӣһԱӳ𸫣ߣСӵսģӳ꣬ΪڣóףսҲС
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ꪣźȤŮϰԵָףһЦҽӰְҵҩʦĭ֪ڣԸ顣Ӱָָߵһ꣬ЦЦ
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˵ЩֻǸģԱ֪ˡ
ϼϣսʱ˵ϺħϣȴǲҲϺħ٣ɢúܿռ˴ƬĿԴ˶࣬ȴۼһ𣬺±˸ơ
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ҲǺܶħСӣСʵĿŵϼӶԴԭ
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ħСӵĶӳӦڣʵֻһЩѣֻҪһܣûסɱ̫ʵ»һڵߣεҪĿˣܵ㣬ܻһǧ
սʱ˹涨ɱ۷壬ۻһپ벽죬پ
ۻһǧ
ӾϾͿԿľ޴࣬ϼɱһߣס
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սѾȥˣûĻǳ˵ʱͻȻǰһһƾմ֮󣬻𸫴סˡ
ô£겻ʵǶӳʱɫ򶨣¶ı顣
𸫿Цһҡͷƻȡ
ôˣսƻˣ
ǡħСӣѾˡ


443 ֲɭ
ˣ㵡
ǣ߾ʬ壬еѾѪģˣӦȫûֻСӣԱߵһֻСҲɵˣˣ⣬ҲȫûǱͬһֻСơ
˵λʱԼòţǿУֲеĻֿҲȫûģʵ̫
磬ڸִӵСӣͿһˡ
ϸϼϵСӣܹһҹ֧֮ϺħĶ飬ȫߵ˵ģֻ֧ѣ֧ΪûбҪصġ
˭ģûôӰʵ
ҡҡͷҪǾûʲôɻˡ

ʱսʱ˵ָģһ鱨˼ʲô
߾սϼĸ֮һʵЩ˵ʵôǿǴһЩ츳ޣḻɡ
ֽ糿õϢһԳȵ˵һΪڵߡ
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ܣҲ·ǿߣһʱ𣬳һΡϺսǳһƷԪʯϼϺսϣҲ̫ҪսԵص㣬˵Ϻħ򣬶ûнǵͶŵ
ֵǣǻõ鱨Ͽ֮ʹõĹ²书ЩȥħߣѪˡ
ŶЩȣѵڶ
˵׼սʱ˵ߣħҲΪ档
򣬹ǿΪħȻ϶;Ҳвȵĺϻڣľħ书ǲĵʿΪĳĳˣĳĳħͺɱҪȥ˼ҡ
˭֮ѷǵУսƻվɣȥɡ

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սΪӶԴϼԴһԪʯڶֲɭ֡
ϺħռϼȻӶԴͻȥ
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ꪣǵһֲɭ֣Ҹһ𸫶֡
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Ϻս֮СΪսλǽдģľսΪӶԴ
Сӿͬȳһ㣬ɢѸپۼԴģսֻǹռɴӪʱŻʹãƽʱóûκ壬ҪԴǽ
һţԴʮ־ˣСɣмʮϰٸ֣ϺħƷţ͸˵ˡ
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Ҳܿ鱨ģͲɼҩĵħСˡ

İɭ֮УʮͷСţСĶ̵飬ѲţʱʱķصĵͺĲ
Ⱥ֮У˸ڼ׵ߣֳͳһĳìսһԣǰĿյϣʮŮҩ¨æµŲҩҩҩ¨֮У̶ϱҩĻԣֽöþˣֽСǧУɻ
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ЩҩŮϺħūǴһضصΪܹܵסصǱֺ޷֮ūѡ
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˴Ϻħ˵սԽսģԽԽսǣΧԽ㣬ЩϺħСҲ˽Ҫзһ
ҲʹþۼϺսԽԽ࣬սСչսеСƶûУȫԷ֯Ķ飬ҪҷңЩײ˵ǼһЩǿ߶ã㹻ǳԺȺüˡ

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һ˵֪ǿ˶ʵߵˣСǸ⣬ĭⷽ츳Ȼʵǿ֪ȴ
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ģϼϵսг˰ʱ䣬ƴ˶ٴΣһĻᣬô


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ǺǺǣڲģŮЦû֦Ҳ˵˵˫ǧꡢƣ㲻ģ
Ůӡٺ١촽ȷʵҪֻΪǻҸôۣҡǵΪ˵㣬ͻ֮ٲժȤ
˵ϺͿôľıսǰҵĴæЩսʱߣõķϡ
ɿɲͿŶСԿģϴνϺϹؾõϹħǵõħô֪ôܡ
Ů˵ͻȻɫһŮ˵ϹħӱԼͽꪡ
ͽܣҲϹؾõϹħħ֮һϹħأӵ㹻Ϊ֮ǿӡϹħһأ
к󹬼ǧһǧӵĶӡӣ͸ˣȻ̳ꪲͬľħѪ츳ӽƷӵмߵ֮Ԫ϶ȣϹħꪷڣӵпڸֵս˵Ϻħɫˣ
һֱԽ̵ꪣҪ񺣴ܣϺħǧǰĻԻ͡
еĻȻǾģʮʱ㱻ɳȥҲûʧ֮жõѪаףΪͻƺ죬ʵһ
Ȼȴ룬ȻһϣʮŬ
ܲޣ


447 ֮ꪾ
ºֲɭֱԵһֲݵأϺħ³ʮһݵ㣬ֲɭֵıԵ԰ȫġ
µգɭ֮У˼ӵ̸
Ѫħֵģ֪ʲôˣÿʱ䣬ҪһӪء˵һڼӣڼףֳֳì
ڼסìϺħ߳սװڼӻ˵Ѫħ⼸Ϻħŷɥɱ֣˳ֺݶÿɱˣҪ˾ѪԾѪħĳƺ
һڼҡҡͷ˵ûʲôñԹģսӣǵѪǡߡħλˣɱ߲¶ͷǶսʱܲУҳˡ
Ѫħų֣ϺħͷȻӲҲֻɱսʱ˵ˣսʱ˵ܶ࣬ʵȴݬ룬սսϺħͷ¾ڻҡ
֪Ѫǡߡħλ˱ѪħʵΣ
˵ѪħʵǿҼΪأһ˻ǶˣϼʰѪħͺˡǺڼҲһ˵ϼսʵ㲻öҪһƬԪʯһƬֲɭְˣϼս֣ҲûʲôοǿˣҪڷԱǧĽҵѪħҲһ¡
٣ָЩϺ壬Щϼһﲻ֪ʲôսѾѪɷϼͣ˰ʱˣҲƽ㣬ôȥս϶ˣ˵ϺħѧˣñŵӣרСŵĵڻң
ǰ˵Ǻڼߴֵ˵֮ȫǱԹ֮⣬˵һɭŮ񣬽ţо˺·Ůʹ
Ϊ׵ĺڼüߣ㣬Ů˻شӪ棡
٣Ҿô㰮ãһҪҵ˵ѪħˣСӣҲôöԸģӳڵΪټǡ
˵Ȼֹ
ۣ
ӵͷ­ֱӹѪȪһӿȫŮϡ

ŮֵļС
ߣڼսʿд󺧣һ֮Уߵͷ­ƤһڵϹ廹ֱţ˫ץŮ·Ůɪɪš

ںڼӸոճͬʱ֮⣬ҽУ۷Ϻħʿⶾ֡

ڼӣԪì˳ȥֵ屬ѿѪɫķĴзɳȻѪ˺ֵܵ塣
Ѫħڼӵ۾Ƿ֮ɫ£ɢ
ڼǵȻȴѾûˣ۷壬벽죬ֻҪһѪǵٶȣûѪ죡
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Ѫ֮ӡԽǿꪾҲԽ󣬡ꪾв̺ʽҲ̺˹ǾͨʽֻͬгۣԵѹ塣
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ʱѾɲϸԭˣһɱѾǡ
ڵĺڼʿתһȴһꪴһٶȺìȥȻһ˲䣬սꪷ·Խռһ㣬˲Ǻڼʿǰ
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ڼ֪Ӳˣ֮УƴĴ߶ԪӶìɨ
һӭȥ֮ϣѪ֮ӡ衣
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ಡ
Ѫ֮ӡӳìջأս֮ϣһꪴ̳ڼоΧĿռ˲ݣѾ޷ܿһˡ

ڼ췢ĲҺ˫ȭݺݵ˹
Ѫ֮ӲӲοս֮ϣ̺ŹѪ֮ӡ

ڼ˫ȭ飬սꪴ͸ͷ­ֱӽ꣡
Ѫаû˺ڼ֮УƬ֮󣬺ڼʬȻһһѪڿ˵ʮѪ֮ӡ
ͬʱ֮ǰɱߣľѪҲѪаһһһɹɾʮѪ֮ӡ
ŵʮѪ֮ӡһӣֱӽеѪ֮ӡ𣬡ֻͣڡꪾ׶ΣʮѪ֮ӡˣٶ࣬ҲƲˡ⡶ꪾɱҪȡȸ¼ǿö࣬ҪͬʱԸôˣִֿܣûлԪꪵĻ
ꪾɱȡȸ¼ǿꪾȡȸ¼߼
ҪΪꪾԭƫɱУڹ治ɫȸ¼ҪͻƾĹաԭ֮ɱֻǸģ߲ص㲻ͬ


448 ѪȪ
ꪾڵĵطɱУĽ׵ϹħֻǡꪾеĹ֣۹ꪾԶ硶ȸ¼ֻǣԡȸ¼ĹתꪾɱУЩƥ֮
ţѧĹȻȴЩӣвǺϵĵط
ҲģѧֻꪾΪʽʽﵽµʱǾǷˡ
ղõĻԪꪣʱҵɱУǽڷáֻǣԼΪڵĲΣֻܿҲѪ֮ӡʵֽڷЧ
ˣҲʮ־ˣǡꪾɱߣٶ˾ͻܵ
ⳡս֪ҪãҲ֪Ǳôˡţ˿鱨򣬿ʼѰһĿꡭ

ھ˵ǧԶһ죬֮ϣΧ֮ԪһɫУԴԴϵĻ۵ڡ
ʮȸѪ壬Ѿӵȸ¼Ĺˣ츳Ʒеȣ˵һǧҲ죬չ졣
̶̼µʱ䣬ΪѾӽˡ
⻹Ϊտʼȸ¼֮Ԫ۽ʱϳϸߣ˵Ѿͻˡ
عоΣ
ǧЦ߽һߵĻ֮ԪУ¶֮ɫ
ļȻֻ˵ײѾߵӣۺͷ˵ĹȴҪ֣һѾߵӵͷΣֻΪ˼ѹˣϾʣõʮȸѪ飬̫˷顣
һȸѪǿǹϵԪഺ̺һǰ;˭ۺ죿
ƽʱǧ꣬ǧרŵѾߵչˣٶǵʱ֮ࡣ
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عˡǧ΢Ц˵໥棬񾴡
ȵһһϲ
ǧǺһЦֽȡһֽţݸһԼĳţֱϻˡǧֻ˵һЩ޹ؽҪ£ȻŵݲҪҪ֪ƽ㹻ˡ

ʱһţɱħԽԽ࣬ΪںڣսȴͻͽӵеѪ֮ӡʮֻ·ӵʵɱǿ
ɱԽԽ࣬Ѫħ֮Ҳϼ׹ͷħͷʢ
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Ժħߺ뿪Ӫ֮⣬Ѫħһ˵Ǳսʱ˵СӶǿ
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ҹɫϼֲɭֵһɽУϢǱУִӿڴץʮֽ䣬һ߰Ķȫ˳
ΪһֱսЩħߵҲḻȻͨ˵ԣЩû̫
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ġꪾȡʵľѪܱЩʱѾõľѪ塣
ݲݵĽЩһ࣬ԪʯţֵǮĴһöֽУֵǮĴһö֮С
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⼸ʵĿãֲɭһΣСһսҲŽ湦һΣȫļʱ֣ӰͺӴ촦³ǸսǶսĶһһѣʵһҸ¡
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ѪħӦĳŰɣ߲ôġ
ţӦǡ
Ѫħͬһʱ䵽ϼҲû˻ѪħϾΪʵʵģ𸫵ôҲţڵ߻Ѫħ̬ս

ʱϺħĴӪһ罩ʬֳһƱڱʢʺҺ壬ѪϢҺɢȻһѪ
ڸߵǰһƤ԰׵ӣڱĿ񣬡Ѿ뿪ϼˣΪѪħѾͼˡ
ΪĴڣܶСӲҵж̵ˮȻˡ
һڽѪȸɣݵԼ촽ҵǺѪħֻǣһƺǣǵ鱨ô͸Ҫеӣɱˣ˵ˣǣ
δǣûаɱǡѵûз֣Ѫħ֣Ӳڣƺʲô±˷֡


449 Ϲս
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ǸѪħҲΪ㡢һħ൱ɱǣѣҪɱҲףЩҷ֣Ѫħɱˣȡ侫ѪΪħϺħˣΪħɱͬࡣ
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Ļⳡսͺˣʧôȴûеõκλر
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ȡĽͱȴδùĴѪꪷƷڴѪΧѪ֮ӡϵײ룬һѪķ˷ܵ
ȻǷƷĴѪꪶԡꪾкܴãһ㣬ǹҲ޷
ǹȻƷߣֻ׻֮ЧԡѪꪡЧȴ㡣
Ȼһꪴ̳ΧĿռ·ҿ޷жϳѪꪵλá

Ѫ÷ˮɽеʯнڰС
ʱͻȻ洫һ죬ƺը
һɱڣ龰һҰ֮Уħߣսʱ˵ĴӪܹɫбըսʮּң


450 
սʱ˵ĴӪָӵϺħǵصɱüͷ
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Ȼ˵Ϻħ߸ʵҪǿսʱˣϺħͷսʱ˺ҵ֮ͬƥУսʱܲзһ߶Ϻħ߾ͻ뱻أսʱܲϺħḶĴۡ
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һռ籩УʵˣҪôԨҪô֮УҲʹãսʱ˻ԶϺħ
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454 Ѫħ֮
ս룬ֳִѪꪣһɳѪꪺȥѪУɭɭ۴ϸִꪸͬߡ
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Ԫ裿ܳüһԪ裬ǶѾ岻˰ɣϷʲô幦Ȥ
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ܹͷĻǿϺħʵճϱ˵岻Ǹ޻ԣ֪жģҪ󲻸ߣֻҪõһСҹɣĶøкη

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ʮƷԪʯټʮƷԪʯһƷԪʯͼֵһƷԪʯˡ
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˼ʱͻȻоһʪһ
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ˣ羹Ȼꣿ
Ҵ߷׷̧ͷ죬ŨصϢžžવ£ԽԽ󣬺ܿưһ㡣
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458 
ޱ޼ʵϺӿϺﾭγɸߴٳߵľˣֱϵƶܱ忪ĺϣǰҲᱻͬҶһ׷ɡ
ˮѾԼ㣬ϹʱϺ֮оʥޣ峤ǧɴ˿֪Ϻ׻жˡ
ĺףһǧĳĺɽɽϿ֮УһƬɫĻĿռ䣬͸ĻԿеĸߴȺƬĺɭ֣Ĺ㳡
ڽȺеһΰ֮У߸ƤڵΧһŷʯΧòͨ죬ֻϸһɫƬֳָּ
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Ϊ׵ī峤ͷƬۣһö򣬱Ŀڤ˼ĸ֪֮еݣΧī˶ĵĵȴš
Ƭ֮ī峤򣬻˵ԭˣҵ֣ЩϺħЩϼһʲôԭƺҵ˿ϺϹսķˡ
Ϻīһ壬Ѿ֮ã˵ҲҪƳܶ࣬ǶϺʷ˽⣬Զḻī峤Ѿǧ꣬Ѿȥڤͬһʱˡ
伮ϼصĶˡ
ţڵ伮أϺϹսڵĲ磬ǴǰƷħ۹ֲַĹģ㵱ħ۳ҲĪһī˽ӹ˵
ΧһЩڳϣƷʣǵһƷţͿԳʥˣƷʲôǺƷ֮УǿΪϣƷţɹһɵǿΪϣѵƷ֮УǿΪϲɣ
ŵǿħۻʲôΪ
ǰħ۹ʢһΪַӵڶǿߴܺĴУĵر
һӴΪλأ
ϷѾõ׼ȷϢƵȻѾΪڳſֲĿռ籩ϺħȺϼһǸö룬īĻᣡһɹǿܻôһЩܣʥأ
˻һ֮е߰˸ɫ죬˷ܣǡ
īǵײƷ壬ѾˣֻҪڵһǿߣһЩǿߣīʥأ
ȻԹΣղ棬һξϺĴ粨֪ǿ߻ۼڴˣһʲô⣬ʵ̵ܱܿĹͷʣˡ
ң˭ԤϵǲƵУʲôΣգ
ǣħ۹ַջ̫ˣΪī忼ǣЩҲҪΪԼǣǵõʲôԵһɣǾжɻ
ܶʱ򣬶ǿ˵ðȥɣΪ˸ǿʵΪ˸
һǿߣһһҪ÷磬Ҫˣ˭ԸһΪȴɻǲģ

ڴͬʱ򱱷
Ҫڴ֮УʢΪ׵ƷŴ£ƷƷţˡ꣬μӹħ۳ǵΧˡ
ʱ²ظУһڽĵĸɮչһ⼸תԽһټʮš
ţ˵ɵױš
ɮĬĬĽſ꣬Żŷ֮Уã䶨ǧǰʦܹУҴ²뵽˶ħ۳ǵΧ֮Уǧҽӵ˵ɵױţҪȥħ۳ǵսһˡȷĻԵȴģѾϺʽȫʧȥƿذɣ
˵̫Զ㷢ô飬ҲڵһʱõϢ鱨ϵͳܱ鲼ôԶĵط֪ͨȻ֪
Ҳζţ֪ƵҲֻˣſϹսзһʲôֲֻҪҲܽӴ֮ѹϺħشϺħļϣôܱ֤˵
ɵĴˡ

Ϻ֮ϣԭϼı٣ں֮ϣŴССĺС
𣬺˽ķ֮Уĳһʱ̣һϴͻȻһ˻һڵߴг
ǵڶԽԽ࣬Ȼ߶ɫ԰ףϴˡ
һʱ䣬߶˳շڿ񱩵ĺϿգ۾гŽٺϲá
ˣȷʵԤϵڸ߿֮С
һۿеֻʣһٶڶͨռеʱһֺ۷ˡ
̾һЩ۷ߣȥһ˹ңҲٻһֻ˲۷嵽һӳ꣬ڴˡ
ɹһɳ죬ʧ߻Ϊݹǡ
γɹ֮ȻҲ;˼ս˼ڸ߿иԷֿħϺħĴӪȥսʱ˵ȴЩãȻǵĴӪѾݻˣ˻оûϺսΪ˾۵㹻ܻ쵤սʱ˵ĴӪˣǵľ˭ȥ¼ˡ
Щ뵽ЩǱãȻٺϲöʱ嵭ࡣ
СӵĳԱҲ˲ˡ
һĻ̾һСߵļ֮·ˣƽҲûк̫࣬һ·ҪԼȥƴ
ȡһֽ䣬˵𸫶ӳ
ֵܡ𸫻һֵۣܽʲô
ķѧ
ķֵҪô
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ţϺսֻΪԼƺһЩ飬֪ʲôʣҿҪһʱ䣬䣬Щ⼸ռһЩսƷòǰɡ˵֣һֽ䣬жʮ
⡭СӵĳԱһ£һֽ䣬һȫ˽Ʒϵĵȼ˵ֽеĶЩֽ䱾Ԫʯˡ
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ԪʯҶˣЩõţĶһĵҩ֮࣬˵ʵòǰ̯һһۻԪʯҲûǸʱ䣬˵ЩԴ塣
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459 Ⱥ
𸫿һۣջǰѶЩȷʵõõǶ˵̫ͼˣ˵ģ֮ǰóǸѪꪻǸϺĳǹҵҲġ
λˣء
λ𣬱㻯һ⣬Զȥ

ϲӿб鲼ĺˮɫһּѹֵĸо
ɿӹ棬ǿҵķѹˮһԵӡǡ
һ;һ·ʱ䶼һˣǿ֮·עįȻŶ֮顣
˴СʱĹǰһȼǧ֮ĶСʦܣǱ߻С˵յٻء
ԴеĻһůǧ֪Ϻͻ֮󣬱С˵ÿһʱ䷢һŴ
ԼմӲƵгյŴ
˹ĵĸоȻǺܺõģȡһŴԴ򵥵˵һаãһȥС˵

ڿлһŻ档
ûеһʱǰС˵ȥһСϣ￪һ׵סһ£ݣ֮ǰòŲϳȻǲˡ
̧ͷһѪɷڵķϸĹֱʣƹ׹ҫ
ȫʲô£ĸеϺҪˡ

ʱһĹȥϺսѾһˣϵҴߴռгҴǣۼһЩĵϣãȻȴ
ҲС˵Ѿۼ˲Ϻħϡ
ǧ꿴󳤳һȻݣǧ껹һϳ
ߵ̫ǧ˴󷽣˵ϺħĴ󲿷߶ʽ˿ռ֮Уǧ꼱ˣС˵һͳȥ˼ʮŴţǲ֪ױʽһ磬ǧ궼ȥˡ
ʮʱ֮󣬵õϢǧҪˡ
ǧ֪֮Ϻ׷ʲô顣
Ϲսüһ
Ҳǧҡҡͷ˵ʷֻǧ꣬ŵһЩ伮ϺʷģϹսʷˡ
Щƾõȣ˵ʵ۵ĺܣûīһ峤Ƴ
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ǧ˵úɣ˵úܣʵ߶ɳɹʵĶҲܵõġ
Ӷɳɹʵĵر
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ҲãʱҾ͵һˡ

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˿ռеĴݲ֮ϼѾС룬ƬƬ½رˮûôǿϼʱ򣬶ʱֿЦõĸоû뵽ЩϼһѡѡȥѡϼƺȽȶԿһռֱͨͨ硣
ʵһ뷨Ҳֻмʮǿ߾һ𣬲еʩչͨͨͬάȵĿռ䡣
ֱ֪СеŶˡԳţ֮ǰǧ˵ЩСУҲЩСԵ֮ǰѰһ·ûѵʲô
ʮǿһڿеѹȸʮֲֿΧķ·Ϊǵɢƶıˡ
վһ۵ĽУй۲еЩ֡
ʮУ˵ֻϻˡɣһµʶӦڵˡ
˵ԣʮĵɮˣǶԴ˵ˣһͷ̣ɫƽ
Щɮ˵Ķ棬ϺħĳϣǶźɫۣǰЩ֮ͣԣɫƬīˡ
Щˣզ࣬Ȼ֪ܴ½Ϊ·ֶʤ֮ǰҲֻ˵ûһԿôϹ֣Щ˾Ʒţ൱һֱɻҪǿ
ʱдһĻ֮́ͷȥȴԶսһܵ׺ֻۣţ߷ڽɫ۵ΧʮڵĽʿһȺŸʽΪͬڵòŮǸš
ȳеļƣĿɿڴֱǴС˵е۳һ㡣
ߣϼһ󣬳ôã
Ϻħһ޻Ŀߵ˵ĽɫۣĿ֮ɫ
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ɫͣŷ֣ǰֵľֻԣ罣òͷϳһ߳ļǣȻѪͳʮŨȫ൱Ϊ
զ࣬ôֻԣҲҪСĴۣȻֻһ
Ϸһλͬ޺һˣһˬʵһצۣϵϽˣһ§һɫȹṲۣ̊Ȼ˵ǱǸǿϼһӣȻûаֵǸ˼
ҿװŮһɫдżֽߣĵطͲһ·ϼһﶼڸʲôˡ
һĻڳǿɫ̫ÿˡ


460 ͨռ
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ħޣΪҲûӰ֮ġ
Ȼλˣһͬռͨɡ˵Ǵµ֣ɮڽģֳȣзüһֱ磬֮ǰǵȴ˵ʱ򣬰üɮ˶ûʲôɫʼվĿ
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ϾһƷŵַңһصռ䣬ʱ䣬кܿĵر

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ȫͬûһּģƺЩϹʱ֡һ˵ţһ߻ܣͻȻһһľе


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ֽ䣬кܶ౦ҲˣıǱȽģһӵʱ䣬ȴδһ
ţǺǡǧһԶʮԶķһƬĻԡ
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Ѫɷû뵽ѪɷһϲѪɷŨ黨ֻڻԵɺϵ²Żѿ仺ǧܴ꣬½ϡ٣û뵽ôһء
ΪϹսַɷŨûɼôһƬͲʲôϡˡ
ѪɷұȸĽкôǺǧһϲǰɼͻȻŲһ٣΢΢üомϢѪɷĸɱ
Ϣģʮ֮˾ǸղŸһġͬ顱һǿߡ
ѪɷΪնɱԽ𣿡ǧЦ


466 ȫѹ
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һѪɷɼȴڻ֮ΣôԷĿıȻˡ
Ҫ˱ѪɷϲصĲɼɾʱ͵Ϯɱ
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467 ɱ
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šɫĲһķס˺߿ܷܵ
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468 ֲ
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ţǧˮһֱӽϵѪɷֽУ˽ȥ
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һǧ꣬ȴǧߣ֮ԪγһɫĹ֣ðȫȫ龰
Ů·Ȼ࣬ǧʱ򣬻һɫĳȹˬ֮࣬˼СұζҲüĳȹĹճǧ׿ԼģǰһȻǧ毺ãܴ½Ůȹɣ֮ģûôˡ
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Ѫ˳޵ĺɫҹ֮ŭŵĻɲǷ
ɼ˻֮ĺɫ籩ƬĿŴѪꪣ˵Ѫצ˺Ѫɫӥ̶̴һԼĵ

ɼȫͲ֮ɫһֻץסѪꪣһצ
ϷҪᣡ
ɼѪݱѪȾ죬һ̣ͷɢħ
Ѫȼյ棬ڳȫۼһצץһͬҰް޺һȭ
꣡
ݵצӣֱӱһȭ飡
ﱻ֮ɼѾԪʧʱһצʣµֻǸݵѣôֵסȭͷ
ȭͷȥƲֱֹɼ֮ϣѾɢĻԪһȭᴩɼϣ
ʧȥԪɲǼ䣬Ѫ䣬ɼٶһȭҵŤˣ
Ѫ֮ӡһͺѪа׺Х
ɼѪа֣Ѫ
ҡҡʣģ
ɼ˻Ȼȴͽͣһ죬һѪɼǰѸһصѪӡɼǵ˫Ѹʧȥɫʡ
ѪӡϵŤţѪӡҪʮĵĶ࣬ҲصĶ࣡ǵһڸ۶ɵѪ֮ӡ
һĻΧߣǾøεѣ޷ǰһУɼȻɱˣ
ڵĸ֣һꪴƵ٣ȥѪĲˡ
֮ǰһȭɼѪצһĻֱ͵Ϲޣ
ԶԶڽйս飬龰ʱѾŵʱֳһɳĴѪꪣһֻɼͬһʬ壬ȾѪͷɢսһ㣡һĻɫ԰ף촽޷һĻģ
ŵĲڵĴܣڴϵͬղŻָʹҪһУڣȴлһ̯⡣


474 ɱ
ȫԭݱսҲ˼֣ڣȻˣ
ǧ٣һ˵סɼѾޱȾˣȴû뵽Ȼֽɼɱˣ
Ƶ磬ǰħ۹һȺϵϹ֣ڣѾǶ֣ڸ֮ɱһǽԷܣҪɱѣ
ڣȴɼɱˣ
ʵţǳ˳ѪҲ˿ֲ
ƽʱƵƣʱҲĿʣм֮ɫ
սɫأʵɼǿ٣ղŶĲɼԼôҲпܳΪһ߱ʬ壬սʼˣⳡսͲô򣬷ôɷǣ
ϺħĸδսĳϣʱҲ׷վѿɫдżֿ־壬֮ǰ˵ûսڣսһȴϺħϲҳսˣ
ЦڶɱˣȥĻܻ
ĸȫڣǿɲϡˣĳ˵εĳͻΪ˱˽𣬶Ϻսǹϵ
ڣɼɱˣۿϺħ˵սʱˣǾͲܲսˡ
ô죿
ĸϴʱȴԵʱ˵һ⣬ӲͷƤսӣ
ȻȴЩ˼ڵĻᣬа֮ʣʮϢʱ䣬ѪȼգȻѣڵɱȴѾɽһ㱬Ʋסˣ
ħɱ¾֮ϴʱĳѪֻһ֣ɨ£
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ɱ۵µһս֮УѪͬѪľȻֻʮϢʱ䣬ȴâ
ʮѪ֮ӡͬɼѪɵѪ֮ӡأһȫܷ֮ѹƵѪ֮ӡȫ߶Ѿֲˣ
׵ϣʧɫӶеҪסһꪡ
ÿ
һǳ϶ȴս嵽ϵԣɰ˳ìһ̶ŹѪ˵ǿԪֱ
䣡
â䣬ʮѪ֮ӡȫܷ֮ѹƣתٶ죬Ƕȵ꣬ҷƥ
꣡
սһ˳ʮɿ⣬Ѫӿұ֮ϣ˺ѣȻһѪۣ
ֻһλغϣս
Χŵߣ龰ľˣѾȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ĴڣѾȫԽ˳
Ĳµĳطһ̶ϹĹ򣬿ǼˣҲںڱܻɱڵĸ֣
һϣʱ׼ᣬ˼
սҪһǧꡢȻû˶֣һʵ˳ĽһҪʤڵǿߡ
˵ǡ֣
ȸȼ죡
𽽣ƣ
ǧƳ磬Ѥõı֯һһ׵ϺħϣԪ飬Ѫɳȥ
սɫһ
ɱ
ս
ٴϺħһϣ˵磬ԭѾ˲սľųϣƺҲָϻ
ϺħߣΪɵսηηţʵ
˵ģսߵսʵԶ緲˵ľӣӿԺηĳ棬߲Уڳһħϲʵһк󹬼ƴȨˣָͨʿһʵԪһľ޴ջ󣬷ܣ
Ƴʧأ
ԭȫѹƵʵԱȣΪĴڣȫתˡ
룡
ۼһϱǧˣսò´ʵоóһط߶ǱܲʵǣطӦò־á
ǾֶܼãսҶģ˭֪ܲһΣսɲԼЦ
ǳˣԪãӲɼһצû£ֱɱɼ
ֱһ˸᲻һսı̬
֮ǰһֱûгֵĸϵħϣսҪǳһˣ
ֻҪ˾ͺãڲóˣִģˣͲǿǵˣܵñȵͽ׵ӿ죬Ҳֲǡ
Ϻħ߿ʼߴ߳սͼ϶Ϻ󣬶ʱĹȴĿͣڷȼյѪҺųĲá
Ԫꪣ
Ѫӡɱ
Ѫ֮ӡټϿռѾĴ֮Уһꪴ֮ǰǧ˵Ϻħϡ
Ϻħĳϣٴһˣ
쵰
ս۾ˣսڣʵʮʱ䣬ϺħĳϣȴѾˣˣȫϣ
룡
սջеŭгìһɨ汬һը
սìһ֣ҲչѸԶݳȥ
ʱܵϺħǣ˵ȴѾ׷ˣ˵Ѿ˼ޣϵҲò˶١
ۿϺħ죬ʮߣȫ룬߶˵ˡ
ζû뵽ʵԭӦñ˵ǿһϺħߣձ˵仨ˮֻ룡
ңϣһڣ
Ҫ֪Ϻսһ࣬ϺħܹҲ߰ˣһսͱһɱ
Ѿ֪αʱˡ
˵һߣѾȫ˴״̬촽ɫ԰ס
ԭɰ׳յĳȫһЦһ޷Խɽһبǰ֮У
飬ߡ
ʱ׿Ԫ
үүҡȻ׿鼸Ҫ޳ĳױˣҲ
˵ߣмҪ㡣
˵Ŀⶼϵʱ׿ĵߣҲȥˡ
ע⵽һĻֻһȥѾλڣһҪڳϻϵ׿Źǡ
а֮״̬Ѿȥŷ֮ѪҲϨʱһŨصƣ֮ӿվˣʹóѪ֮״ֻ̬ԽԽء
ҧ˵ǸϺħϵʬ壬ŴѪꪲǿվӡ
Ҳ뿪
˵˵ز˾ǵ״̬Ѿ֮µ˴ʱʲôĻ롣
Σѣ˵һҲֻʣȶʮ߰ˣ˲ʮˡ
ԾǣʵһͿ򣬾Ȼš
ָ磬żұ㣡ʱĪ˵Ҫ
ϻûһѽԼܲ죬ˣǧ꣬ߣ


475 ӵ
˵ĶҲǧսǿ֣ڣôһֻ֧ôһսʵ̫ΣˣҪһȫĵطˡ
Ӹ߳ϣԼųϣǧһչѸ뿪
µĳɮˣһĻֻǵͷһţɫţҲ֪ʲô
ʦ֣ôˣɮһ°ɫɮ۵ɮ˵ǽϣһĳطܹĹܵõطָʵĻ
ԲʦܣĪҪˣ̰ħοǱԨ֮ǿնݳպҴ°֮գʦҴϺħһ˵ȫ濪ս𣿡
Բ΢΢һʦֽѵǡ
طҲһһɵģҲȲ˵֮Ҳ߰ɣƵ֮УһԵԼģֻ֮֡
ǣʦ֡

̫ˣһʼֻǧţȫпǧϣſǧ걳ϡ
ߵķ羰ٵĵţϢ֮䣬ǧ磬һ̣оޱȵİ
̲ס̰һڱǼ㣬һ֮飬ʶģ
ģֶĴϢߣҪӦʲôȴо·Զȥˡ
㡭ǧоſԼıϣϢĺ󾱼䣬ģŹȴִ̼ĸоƫƫƺѾιȥˣҲвѡ
ǰһյأǾϢСĽ䱸˵
š
ʮӣۼһƽĿյϣǧ꽫Ȼʱͷ麹촽԰ף֮һ޸֮ӡ
ΧеӣĿⶼ;η֮ɫ
ǲǽɱڵɼǲʵڻɱڣţ
ͷϺħδսĺ᲻룡
ܣЩ󱲵ӣᱻɱ
Ϊˣ˳Ѫܳʱ䶼
šǧԥĴֽȡһöι£Ϊ˵ʥŮǧȻҲл
ŻЧᱻһЩȻʱҵõĵҩҲǻˡ
һöУһɹůڻΪѾʶģ壬ǧߣΪ˹ˡ
ս״̬󣬻Ч
״̬ȷʵΪ⣬Ѫ͸֧ѪǱܵĵҩѪ֮ǿޱȣҲȣ촽£Ǵһ
ǧ꿴ӣΪۡ
ĬĬ߹ݸǧһСƿʦ㡭ɢ
Ʋǧǽ㣬ʦ㣬Դӳ֮󣬾ȸںڷֿټϸԴ󲿷ʱ䶼˴֮Ļ٣Ϊ޹ԸΪĮǧ֮䣬һ֮ܡ
ллƽӹ˱ɢеҩ֮ǿ˺ļƷҩ
ѪȼǱܵĵҩҴߵЧʹսʱ򣬾񼫶ȿܣܵһЩ΢ˡ
ȻΪѪǼƷҩټʶǿʵأȻ˵ĵλΪҪƱܸɴóɢκοܵ˺ۡ
Ҳ˵ľųϷι˵ҩһΣ˾ųϺ߳ϣѵõǣ߳ϻճϡ
п˵ճϵȨȻԶճϣȻؼʱ׿˫˫ѣϺħ޴ѹ֮£ȻֵģȻһճϣ󱬷ϵսսĿгȫû
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ųҡҡͷ˵ˣϷҲ˵һԱȻϷûʲô飬ϷȴǺѣһ·ϣϷ˵˲֮ǰ֪顭ų˵ţָָ򲻺˼ͷ
ųһָǧҲ治֪ųϵӣҲѹΪҲܽƵ磬һһ·ڡ
ҲżɫӵˣųҪǴģ˵һճҰĶߣֻڴԼƽƽȥ
ճϣȴΪȨ˵ףճ֪Ҳʲô˵Ͼǵ£ճϾͲͬˣȨʵһսĸԴ
ʦ壬δϺ뿪ҵǡǧֹ
ģֻҪǷˣͲڵ£ϵѪӡԼֻԼͻܱ⿪ǽⲻģһڣǵѪͻῪʼڣ֮ڣɢ׿ˣҹɢҲȫݽߣҲζԪսᡣ
ȫѱ䣬ʵǧճѱ黹δΪȫȥҲϣĴۣû˳ܵˡ
յСڵģǶѪҲôŨᣬе뻯ȥѪħģȻնǱҵĽ֡
˵ץʱˣСĽ䱸ţ˵ڶǧڣֻҪͬʱڸֵĻҲǿӦ
˵һץʱ˵ʱ׿ˣȴڻԭ֮ϣһǳһŵǰߡ
ǰ棬ޱ飬׿ȴɫƺڷ˼ʲôӡ
֡жգҪʧˣ佫֮ء׿Ѿǵڶˡ
Цˣ׿֣հǰ˺£Ҫһνġ֮ءһӱѹƣڵΪ޶գ嶼Ĩȥˣһɳ죬ɾɣִ˵
׿ĬеĵȻȻһ£¶ȥһ££һĶĲ
ӮˣǧˣһУ
һܲԥ
𿴵׿ɻ겻ӣ׿֣Ӧף㽫˵ɾƷţʥأҲ޹أһһǣͬǵ壬ܱܿżһռ䶼ûУ෴гһգ˵Ҷ˵Ĵ£ΪʥأֻҪΪײƷţûǺε龰Ƕ˻ᱻΪ뿪ʦµѪ٣


476 
ĳγ׿ģŵǱ˵˲ͬǿˣĸ˹ҵĶࡣ
޶ɷ򣬺ڳۣǵܲסѹɣνĵŴңԶҪɾʹ£ֻᱻɱΪ·ʯתͷ飬˵˵顣
ҧ۾ߺ޵Ĺâ˵ϣֻҪ˵һ죬֮أһΣֻһɵĻᣬҲƴˣ
˵úã飡Ǹɴµ̬׿֣㻹˵Ǽ٣׿Ҳзֱֻ֮ǰûʶˣοǻһڵĸѾʮþˡ
׿ҧϸҲ˵˾ųġһΣԹųܿܣʷʤдܳĹαӣպֻҪɾߣһеĹ򣬾Լƶ
׿ͲСٶ꣬ôһ߳߾ϣң㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪԼ壬Ϊ鿼ǡ
ţ׿۾ٴ۾һ˿֮ɫΣѾû·ˣҪס
֣֪ˣѾû·ˣ
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һִһҪ˺ǧǸ߹£۳ҡִǳӰ֣ıǧĸ߰˺Թ۶γɵħ
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ӣ׿Ҳ֪ϲǡ
֮ӣֹ⻷֣Ȼгһգһճȫѹȥڱ˵Ӱ֮УλİŮˣƫִ;
ȻˣִԹۻһѾγħȴħȻǺã׿ܾãƺħ·ԽԽԶˡ
һģħ֮ġ
Ҳ֪ôȥǺ»ǻ¡
׿оԼѾı䲻ʲôˣȴִֻ㣬ԹŶ߰ʷϾֹЩţߣʦ֮üѪʹ
ˣҲֻ䷢չˣ׿˿ɫȴʼչâãûڵ˼Ҳ֪μʱ֣Լǿ߻ûô
ȻģźѾȥˣᳬʱĵɡ
ԤϵĲ֮࣬һ£˫ü罣߳˻ԭ֮ϡ
˺Ȼ׼׾죡
׿׾֮󣬳һû뵽˵߾Ȼ׾졣
룬׾ȷʵѾڶãһ伣һΪ˶ܷͷҲΪ˳ƿչء
Υˣ˱ȭ
ʱһ룬׾ˣֻվܱ߾γԼԼϸСԪѹɵĲ磬һһȻȻԪʵס
׾쵭Įɨ׿һۣüͷһ塣ˡ
ģǶ˵ϣվһ
׾֪Ϊѹ̫ѷֵѹЩ޹أһ˦ӣߣϷ򲻹ЩֻҪ֮ǰԼɣ
ȻЦˣʶץץƣ·Ҫһжƿġ

ʱħ۹֮⡪
޻ˣһ֪ô󣡡ī峤ܻ˵δһͨ󷨣Ȼղħ۹оһʱȴûκνչ
У޻һֱŵĳڿЦ
ϷҲûʲôõİ취޻նһԹ۵ӡ
û취ߣǾɺŰɣī峤޻ĻѾ޻ԼòĶ޻Ҳõ


477 ׾콵
޻ΪԪԳһ׹ϵֻڱŻƽʱԸ㣬ļ١
˲˵޻˵ȥ˲ܱ޻Ȼ֪ԪˣûİգҲķôĴۿϹս
޻˵ȴԸ˵ˣǻһۣ˵λħ۹еıǲǸһηˣϷϹżѰħֻѾ޴ĴۿϹսѾ˽һϷɲΪ˼£
޻˵ͻȻһǿߵӵܡ
ôʱ䣬īڣʵڸЩˣû޻ûܵõħ۹еı
ʩҵʩҲ򲻿ռͨɣµİüɮˣ˫ֺʮ첻˵
üϷûȤ㳶ƤϺħҪħ۹бһ룬ʣµģǷְɣ޻˵
һ룡
޻ʨӿڣųɫ̫ãôţǴµʵϺħй֮޲֮⣬ΪļϹ֣ټ˵ΪģСŵϣ޻ռһ룬˻ô֡
ٺ٣Цһҿǻû˯Ѱɣ
ҪΪϷ㣡޻ɫ䣬һɱӳ
ôԣ̤ǰһΪȻ˵һ޻ǿɢϺĶʵ޻й֮޲
ܱߵλ϶ǲԾĺһϹҪǴĻԪѹɣҲضɽҡǿɲ뱻ȥ֮֡
ϻˡҲϺˣⷬǶǿЦѣȻԤϵħ۹֮谭أû뵽ħ۹ķûд򿪵ʱ򣬼ѾֵҪֵĵزˣħ۹ıĻǴѣ
ھԵǰִٴĺϵ̷ֱ

ڸΪԵѰʱʱһһĹȥ֮У֪ҹȴ֪׹ȥ˼졣
ĻָһЩȻϺõĻͱɢֻ廹ǼΪ
ʼһ죬·֪Ūľͷͳӣһӣ̧ţ棬Щĸо
ħ龧ϴ軻ѪƤϸǲ˿һ׾꣬ŽӣΧʮŮţΪǷĳӳˡ
ֱԼĪ֮ĺʱ䣬ѾָĹˣһõҩãһѪ֮ǿ󣬷³ѪԴһ¶ǼΪ顣
ǰգԭĻԭѾ˷Ĺַ
㾭£ЩҲıĹģڴ˵ƷţǺεʢǰ
һʼЩʱ򣬺ܶڴĽУȻȥ֮ŷ֣ѾһƬңƺǱϴһʲôûʣ¡
еĹ󷨱˻ûߵֱӱ󷨵˶ˡ
ʹ˵̾Щ󷨾ʱ䣬Ȼδ٣ʵ˸о˼顣
Ϲʱǲ˼顣ԣǧԵ˵
ûеõӦǧתͷȴͷ˼ʲô
ʵϣԴӽ鹬֮󣬾ԽԽ֣Χĳʶ
ħ۵ļ䣬ܿЩԭΪõļУҵ˹Ƶĳ
ֻΪʱԶеľѾЩˡ
ûĻӦþǵħ۹ŵӸַˣֱһľ룬ǵħ۹ڣҲħ۵޹
ֲҩ԰ħ۵޹֮У
뵽ƽǷӦöһ飬ȥѰ
ۼϹǣȴףõϣ㣬ЩϹ˵Ԫѹһ˲ɱԼ
ҪϹ֣ЩϼһǵԪѹƵٷ֮һٷ֮ôһãϣ
ȻȻǲܵġ
ʲôǧʵ
ŶһҡҡͷûʲôֻһЩħ۹飬֪ʦˡ
ǧЦģʦʦħ۹ҲõɣֻҪõһЩԵ͹ˣµİüɮЩЭģԲµġ
šͷɺϻ˵ʵʮϹʵ˵㣬õϣã
ھӸʱƵӸĺ㳡ȻԭŵĻɱڣħۼеһ
ӵ̳ƾõ£ɺúõ̳ЩصƣȻ˻ҳ֮Уȴȱ
ڻɱ̳ԱߣһûмǴĻԴĹ㳡תһΣܴ͵ħ۹ˡ
뵽ЩҲ֪ЩܲãҪҪȥħ۹һ
ϧյֻһЩħ۵Ĳˣйħ۹ڲṹļʮģҲ֪ʲôغܵ
˵ħ۹һƶûУҷּͻᱻЩɱ˹ʺˣһҲᱻ˶ȥˣҲֲס
뵽ԥˣڻԵǰСµˣ򵱳ҲֻһǱߣȥħ۹ɹļʵã˾ȥͲǹ޴ˡ
ʦܣ󷨸Ȥǧ꿴վ˺ܾãʵ
ȻǧϹһϲͨƳһۻɱ̳ЩصƣҲĸ̺ܵԭķӺ;ÿһģһֹСǧԹȷʵЩоʵһʲô󣿡
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İ׹⽫ֻһɿռŤĸоΧȫģ

ڲشһֱʮɵİʯ̨ڰУʯ̨ŸѵĻƣǶϹŷơ
ʯ̨ΧʮСʯ̨߸ߵ͵͵ţеʯ̨һ㵭İɫĤ֮Уء
ĳһʱ̣һʯ̨ϣһʵĹâһȾѪʯ̨֮ϣ
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ŴѪվֻһͷĿѣ״̬ʵЩ⡣
ֽȡɸԼĵڶ̷ֱȥϢ
ͨҵִеû취ġ
ӻɱӳѾһļƻ


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Ȼħ۹ʲôڲṹΣǷܵ
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ʱӵеʵ΢΢״̬ħ۹ɱ졣
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ֽһĨֱȡһʬ壬һϺħǿߵʬ塣
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ڵ֮Ƭǧǧ򣬿ǳ֪ϵЩƬϣϸĸЩƬϢ
һƬϸСʯһƬƮЯϢޱ͡
ƮţһƬѪɷ֮ƬƮ
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ѪɫȮһγֻĺɫֱӱ٣
һ̣о·һشصĻԼͷ­ϣҺһǿѪֱˤڵء

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484 ۹
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еĵ۹ûܵУùܵļȱˡûܵħ۹ͺѱЩǿ
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һߣΪʱ򣬻Ϊ쵤Ŭء
ħ۹֮Уֻܵõһֻһ룬Լƽ˾ųɾѾˡ

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ʶһ㣬ϵɫɬû뵽ЩϹ־ȻСĵ̶ֳȡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ԺһֱڤԲߣȻվȴû뵽κЧİ취
ߵľͷչһսǣǰһޱȹĿռ䣬Ȼʹħۼ֪ħ۹֮У޴ȱȽǣȻˣޱȡ
ɣ߶ҲɣһСɽľ޴ռ䡣
ռĵϣĲʯЩһľħȫһһı̡
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Ȼʱȴ˲ˣΪΰĴ֮УһȺϹ֣޴Ĵ˵ǵӰͬһϸСǶȴ˼ѹ
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Сʲô֣޻̺ɱ֮ǰȻĻȻ·תѾвٳˣ޻дһʡ
пһ£ղžϸ˵ķӦڿǷˣ޻пĽԨԴ
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486 ؿ
޻˵ţһЦһ
ɫ䣬ס֣
԰գӰȥͬʱһڵҲһ֣ͬ
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䣡
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䣡
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ϻӰһӵߣһţһɫĻ֮ܳſԪ籩
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Ԫ굶һڻ֮ϣ̶֮
ϻһգüǳˣԼȻ
ǸϽ۵ĴܣƺΪģΪҲ־Լ

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˵úܴҪ޻룬ֻԪһ´µԭ
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͵͵Ƴһ޻ȴ޻ɫѾָ˿ҲٿԼһۣеĵŨˡ
ûв´Ļ֮ǰĽƾ޻µģϼһǸ̫ͬУľĸо
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ĿһۣúõĽ˵ллǰ
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ٺ٣Ϸ򿴺㣬úȡɱӶӵģǰϺħһˣ
ִ˲ƣڿ޻ֱۣΨ޻Լְ
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ңʲôãȾָģ˵㣬Ҳ˼ֻһЩͨĻԵˡ
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Цţѱ֮ǰǰԪ֪ɺϻˡ
жȻһ˵ʲôȻ׾죬Ҫɱ㣿
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޹Ըð˷գܵõѪĻٶȡȸ¼ǰعɾͷǿߣôһ߿ܣ
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ڣħ۹Ѿ·գȥҲûκΰ취ֻܼǰߡ
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ֻõͷôǳԵĵȻ
һƾǾͨϹ󷨣ȻʼոЩһĻȡ˱ҲΪȡģˣΪ˱սʱһãɱ֮
뵽гġ
ڶĩβһ˴ʱĳײƺʲôصĶǿ
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޻ֻһ˫ƣΧƽڽתģȻǵڤԴġڤħ
ʱǳصĶڳͨתǴһɶߣͨɲ֪ĺɫɣͿħмֳ֮һ޴սжƺޱȳٻӡ
ħܡ
Ĭ֣־ħܣʵ൱ڵߣ編ѹ֮£һص߶ᱻѹƣȻ޻ǰͲʲôˡ


487 綾Ҹ
֣ܳͺһһԾо޵һնѪ֣š꣡һ죬ħزĺɫֱѿһ޴Ŀӡ
ӵ꣬һƳڻؿܵϣܿ콫նû飬һħˤڵأɢһصĲк
ţһУֱӽеĲкսֽУʵ൱ڵĻؿܣŵļֵ֪ĻɳҲԶԸ
һֻħֻ֮ħܸ
޻һȫת˫˸˿˿ɷĹâصӡ˻ؿϣͬʱüҲȳ֡
⼸ֻħܣ˷ƵĽˡ
еĿܲк˹Ϸ֡
ټĵعռھҩ԰һμΪ·;ʼСĸڶ棬޻ž룬޻ƺʼգֻרɱܣҲδһۡ
ڵ۹нΧĵ·ȫһЩ·ȻӣȴʾηֲʵֻҪ׼һô·ͨģȫ·
䣡ܱܿ޻˽һ·ϣٵľħѾʮˡ
·ֻħ۹ڶ·һѣһ·˶Ŀܣħ۹Уħܵн֮࣡
Щɶ൱ߵսŵƷУǾǳϼˡ
ս⻹ֻǿܣڵǣǾ͸˲ˣǿΪϣΪΪִ£Ʒŵĵ̣ʵڿ֮
Ҳһ淴ӳǰܴ½ѧԶڷö࣬󷨡ܴ½ֻǲ֪ʲô飬ºܴ½ģ
ţǰƺǡǰͨսǴһɸߵĸ
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ֿܣӵеͬҲһߵʵȴûκʶ֪ƽʱħ۹װƷȴҲЧ
һŻ˲ӣ޻µսǴȥȻ֪綾Ҹ
޻Ҳע⵽Ϲž綾ҸĵֻǶ࿴˼ۣʶɨһ飬ûзκ쳣֮󣬱Ҳû̫⣬ƽߵתǴ
Ȼߵ綾ҸԶʱ򣬾綾ҸͻȻ۾һеͷͬʸһ̳
ţ
޻ɫ䣬˲ں֮У˫ǰ屩ˡ
磡
ʸһͷ޻źԪ˫ƻУ΢ı䣬޻бȥֻꡱһ죬綾ҸͷǴ̴ϺħһһߵĻԪбķΣ
ʯ֮ͻ䣬˶סˣʱȾѪĳͷѱٶתأߵĵ
ۣ
Ѫߵɴ۾ԼСİͷƺ޷šħ۹һ·޾գûʶ䡭
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޻бŭȥĳϣһˡ
һֽгһ˺ɫĳìһì綾Ҹ⻹޻״ʹ
磡
ע޻߰˳Ԫһھ綾ҸϣȴֻûС
ţ
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ʱ޻üɮҲˣҲ綾Ҹļ֡
üɮ˻һһŽɫâķӡ˰üɮ˵ȣص
µķطƺΪƾ綾Ҹֻһ죬綾ҸıϳһƬϸһơ
綾Ҹоʹſ죬Ķ
޻һߣָһһɫֻ͡ȫϸС绡棬űյһɶ
޻ĳìüɮ˵ȣھ綾ҸϣҲˡ
Ѫɫĺ񱳵ֻһ죬綾ҸΧѾмܲס

޻һì˾綾ҸĿУ綾Ҹ˫۶ʱȥҲûһ˿
Ȼ綾ҸĿܣȴЩѹ֣ЩһصϹǣɫ̫á
⻹ǽħ۹֮󣬵һ䣬ЩϹ֣һһӵǧɽʵҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ˣȻϧԼ
Ǳ֪֮û⣬ֻһЩĻԵΪЩԵϣǾֵ̫ˡ
ħ۹˴ֻһ·;Ǿ綾Ҹ͵Ϯһǿȴú޷֪֮һ·ȥ᲻ͬˡ
޻ȥϵʬǾ綾ҸĿܲкҲһװˡɨһЩɫ΢һǣ޻мЦһЩ˵Ȼǲܵġ
Ϻħĳϣҡ
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һ·ϣнСģǾ綾ҸĿܣ˼Σ׼֮һɱȴûˡ
оյʮ֮˲֪ٲ¥ݣ²⣬ڵĸ߶Ѿˣħҩ԰λãҲԽԽʮľ롣
ʶһ㣬аζӣǰȻԼҪõ㡣
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޻һϷȤΣûȤǷϷʲô飬Ҫ㲻ɣ
޻˵գջ˸֪ȥ
ȴΪһЦΧʯ̨ת˼ȦƺҪʲôȻƷȫ
ϹȻҲˣֻĿ˸Ĳµ޻Ҫʲô
һĨ΢Цǣ޻һѵĻᣬȻ


488 ħҩ԰
ЩǿǣԼͬľۼ̨ԱߣЩø֪ȥ̽⣬ЩȥҪܴܲʲôأѰҡԵ֮࣬˻ɣ̨ħҩ԰йء
Ȼǫ̂̽һһ㣬û˿Ӧ
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ЩѰ˼һ£Ҳֻ÷ˡ
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ţɶصϹ֣뿪ˡ
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޻ᱦ뿪ôˣʻᱻħ۹˵ȥϵıˡ
ʵڴþ
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޻һͨϹŴµУʱ㲻ˡ
֪ʱ޻Ҫ⴫뿪ʱʲô顣뵽ڴ
Ķ˼֮ɫջ֣ߵϻˣ̨һĻҲûлɣЦĪ˵ֻ̨һ̨ͨӡʲôԵҲ¾ܷģ߰ɡ
ǣʦ档Ӧһϻ뿪ˡ

·ǰļѡ
ҲСġ
Ǿ綾Ҹ֮⣬˻壬ߵһսǴʱһɫȴֱӴ̴һߵظһͷСĶߵؿڣ󽹺ζƮ
ߣ߶ûһ
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޻һ̤ѩ磬Ϲԥһ£Ҳ첽ϡ
ħҩ԰е龰ʵ̫⣬龰ҲЩģļ䡣
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һʹҩ԰ǿɣǧҪ̫ⱻսನ֮С
ţ֪ܵϻ˶ԼĹģ˵ͷȻףصϹನɱˡ

ħҩ԰жʮֲĵطֻһСҩ԰һصڡ
ĵطֻһأ˲Զ֮ī峤ͻȻһŲһƮʮԶ
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ī峤ǰһɫС껨ںı֮Уۡ
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ī峤СĽ໨ժֽ֮У໨ϹҩѾѰˣīһõ໨û뵽õˡ
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ҩһһ꣬ǵļֵҲ벻໨֮¡
ؽƷݣ
ǧݵĻԪ
ؽƷ裡

һ·ҩϣ⴦ش֮ãṳ̂㣬ҩʵ̫ˡ


489 
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һ֮Уһһɵ߸пɽ̫ϳϣЩУƷеȵĽɽֻһСŰˡ
ţЩջ񣬻ΪҪһˡ
ڳһɵϹǶ֪֮ҩ԰һƬǱȾָǸܵõһЩҩݣҲ֪ˡ
ؽƷҩڲժһǧҩʱ򣬲ҶȻѲҶ֮Уҵһ꺱ĵؽƷҩҩƷţҲ൱ϡˡ
ǱϵĵرȻû̫ôǿȡͬȼֵĻϵϵԴҪ֪ܶʱԴƾԪʯǲеģǿߺȱԪʯģʱҪﻻһؽƷؼʱ򣬿벻Ч
ΪæѰҩɢĺܿûעҪϢİһֽ䣬ʱһ೤ķ
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һ䣬ʱȻסˣֻýһ꾧Ө͸úõĴġ
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׼˵ãϺиûиڵĻᣬԹԵ˵ĺȭ˵ҲˣСѣ㿴ΣؽƷݣ껹ǻϵģ㽻㿴Σ
Ϻ˵ţЦе֣ǴֲڿУȷʵؽƷݣǸողժġ
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Сֵܣ˵أϺЦţЦúǷ⣬һȭȥĳ嶯֪Լȣʲôģø£ôµı
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ʦˣ׵²װ׳ֱǣɮóҩҲû̫֡
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⴦ȻСҩƺŽ߷ֲ뽭ԶһЩĵطûˣһ·Ҳ࣬ƽÿֵܷ߰ӣ˭־˭ģʵǿˣ֪ҲǿҵҩȻͻһЩ
ڶнʮʱѰҩǣԼͬͣʱǰȻһˮĹ֣ڹ֮У߷·𶼱ŤˣοС
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ħҩ԰ĺڡ
ߣϣõɶأصߣ΢΢٣ʱȴû˶ɫ֣Ǿôõõġ
пֶܿ顣
СĽ߽˼ɫĹ֣Ȼù߷ȵŤȻȴϡ龰
ħҩ԰ĲСȫеǰҩǡǡ෴һƬߣֲֻ
ǿͬŤ˲Σһ㣬ಢԶ˴˵ĸһ
Ȼŷ֣ĸܵϴıϵϢǣͷ·𿴵ʵһ㣬һͣ
ȷʵ
һǱԼɱǿµϻƵͼһģһԴˡ
ҩ˵ħҩ԰ĺĲ֣⴦صϣԪΪŨӦкֲܶǣȻҩ԰֮⣬ʲôֲûУܱ˲ֲΪ̫ԵԪȫռˣҩ԰ֲͿˣ޷ȥ
ܿ˺ҩ԰˻ԭƴĵҩҩʮְԵ
Ͱüɮ˲ԼͬĿ޻
޻һƽѾأٹɣпܿ񺣾ǾǴ˵еķǿߣ
ӵгִ򣬽Լʥأȥߵѧ硣
뵽ЩܲûһǿߣտŹأﵽǽܣ˾񺣾
Ϊ׼̫࣬Ψһʧܣһ
ְɣֶͰ֮ǰ˵ķ䷽ʽ֣Ҳ뿪
޻ɫ΢΢һ֮ǰ˵õĶҰɣ
ߣԼ֪ĿʽûЧǿأˣ㻹ỹôֻɷûг˼
ϷΪ˿Ϲս˺εȴҲˣڿ󷨳ɲɣֻϷֻܾΪһˣϷƾʲôܰԼõĶֳŵѵֻƾǶ֮ĵĿЦ𣿡
޻˵ЦɱһȻѹüɴʲôԥһ£ȡһöֽ䡣
üͬҲȡһöֽ䣬һֽ׸޻
޻ûֱȥӣԪƣСĽöֽ
޻СĽӣЦһ˵㵨ӻСϷֽֽô
Се괬Ϸɲ뵽һˣһѡ̣޻治ɫȷֽû֮ʶɨһĶ


490 ޻
Ȼ޻ü֮нףοħ۹Ȼ޻û˭뿪󣬰üɺڿԳܵķΧڸһЩҲȻ
ʱ򣬽ߵҩĶѾѰĲˣЩһصǿߣҲΧۿһĻ
Ȼ˵ϣãЩ˵û˿ǲܵģҲб˴ȻǳԲǺȵϣġ
޻һվħҩ԰Ľ֮ǰ˺һħҩ԰Ľħϵ֮󣬴ֽȡһ졣
ÿ岽Ͳһ죬һֱȥʮ졣
죬̾ʮ죬רʮֵơ
ֻ󣬶ǿ
󷨱һͺñȰҿñԿ׿ҿһѵȻҪԿ׿ѵöࡣ
ħħҩ԰µĽƣֻ𵽱ãȻпķţֻҪǺ׵飬ȻǿĻˡ
Ϲ󷨣ϵУרڼ˹Ī˵޻ˣǵԹ˽ĳˣҲֻܸɵۣȫҲķ
ƷŵҪ󷨣ôƳģҩ԰󷨣ɲȻ󣬻ԱϰȻҩ԰󷨣ֻмʮɷԲȻ̵Ķࡣ
޻һöħҲûĿܡ
ۿ޻ڵͬʱԼҲħ۵ļ䣬ٽϹ󷨵⣬ʼ˼ο
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ϱ󷨣ķȴһ£˵ȫ⣬ò˶ãܽˡ
ȻƲɵİѿ󷽷˵ʱ򣬲òᱻ׷Ϊͨħ۹飬˵ᱻЩϹǽٳˣɹʹá
ʮã޻ԪԴԴϵ뵽֮УһɹԪע뵽֮£ҩ԰Χһɫġ
Щɫģǹ󷨵
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޻Ҳ֪ΪϱأΪһ壬֧֣ҪƾҪһơ
һƵѶȣȻ
켤ײʱ򣬴ϺħĶУ߳һݵߣŲæĴֽóһָָ̣֮֮䣬˺ʵָӰ
һۻҵĽӡһı˳óһʦ費ǳ
ȻǺεȵʦϹǰԵò԰ˡ
ŽɫĵĴ֮ϣԽԽŨϹΧҵĶ˶۾һգգһĻͰüˣǻԪת͵󷨱֮ˡ
ʱ޻ͷѾ΢΢ĺ飬üʣһҲһԪʱ򣬲ҪˣУ˭Ҳò
޻Ļüͷһ壬Ϻ꣬Сģ
ĹУҪԪȻӰսһԿ޻Ż֡
ȻϴĲԸ⣬ʱȷʵҲ޷ܾ
һ֮עԪԪע룬ĶԽԽңԶԶģԿâ䣬һ㣬ɷǺÿ
ĳһӵʱ䣬ɵϹ֣òֽȡƷԪʯһԪһ߽Ԫע뵽֮С
𶯵ԽԽӰʱʼϹ󷨵Ļֶʼˡ
һĻ˶һݣ󷨼ƣǲԼͬתԪ䱸һֿͻҲΪԵӪ뵽֮У֮ǰƶЭж֮ķµԣǾԵò԰ˡ
֮ЩΣôȵù
𶯣Щ죬ħйȷʵЩмֵļ¼޻صΪѹƵֻʵټ϶ƴյһЩϹ󷨵Ĳȱ伮һ
ٺһЩ
ϻ˵˵𶯵ԽԽϻʼˣΨನ֮
ͷߵʱֻһ죬̧ͷһȴϹΧʮ죬һƺܲסĳһƣ
޻ɫһ䣬ȴǲδʧ룬檣
֪һֱһԻ檴ֽһһģһ죬˦һӣʸһȥǸһԡ
һǿȶ
бõģ׼㰡죬һ˵ҲҪǧƷԪʯˣʮǧƷԪʯǮԲκδۿķȴôǿϧЩ졣
һԸпиȫķ֪Ŀ󷽷üǮ绻һĸټǧƷԪʯǺ⽻ġ
ϧûʵȻûиЩϹ׵ʸ񣬷ᱻ̵ͷʣ󷨿֮󣬱Ȼⲻһսʱ˭˭ģ˭ֻظһСĿЦԼ
˼ţꡱһ죬ڶҲˡ
ţ
޻üͷҲʼȻʱ˵ڶ죬ȻȴȻԽԽķչ
㹦֮󣬵ѣ
һΣ޻ɫѾ࣬µ죬Ȼǡꡱһһ飡
ʮ죬ͬʱ棬ԪϵɲǼʧȥƽ⣡
һĻ֮ʼղ̵ߣһΣۡ³һѪһ˲䣬棬ϵױˣ
䣡
󷨱ըȥɫƷĿĹâʣĶʮһ
ڱըУ޻Ͱüͬʱ˳ȥÿ˶ɫ԰ףء
ʧˣ
޻˲˹ȵףѰû˭Ĵ۸ˣԴӵõħ֮׼ʮʱ䣡
һֱͻ񺣣гһգΪǿߣϺħȻϣӰ
оʱ·ĺΪأȭͷսֽ֮Уʮ죬ĿһΣҲʧܵĽ֡
֮ǰûϵͬʱ졣
Ȼڵõħʱ޻ʧ׼Ҳͨǿߵĵ·أôܴ½ֻôǿߡ
Ϲ֣Ϊ˳񺣶Ŭȴʧܸգкܶ˸Ĵۣ޻Ҳ׼ȻһĻķˣȴԽܡ


491 ƴ
̾һ޻·һ˲ࡣ
Ѿǧ࣬һμƻʧܣζ񺣵ϣãࡣ
ģһɢ죬ûĿڴԭ޻ǲˣֻӣ޻ܻķûóһ룬޻Ӧûô棬ɵķôùͰüɡ
Ѿ⣬ֻҪ뿪Ҳ뿪
ʧ̬üɳĿЩ֮⣬ԵôһЩʵ׶ɣһµĵ൱񣬶ŹħĸΪᶨڶһʱ̫Ҫʧء
СŵϹ֣һĻвֻǵõϣʮãѾõһЩҩһ˲
ԼòĶҲòЩƷųϹ֣һ˵ջ񲻼ñԼࡣ뵽ȻͷޱͨȻ̬ǾƲұ¶ϵģϿһɫأҡͷ̾ϢƺΪʧܶΪźӡ
ɵɫƽȻйЭܵõɿԵõٺôЭҲ̫š
ûгɵòٻһɱ֪Ҫж䣬ǰϯȥǾ͸ˡ
޻üɣΧϱϹ󷨣ƺɲģЩСŵǿѾʧȥģ׷뿪Ž߿ʼѰˡ
˵֮ǰһɨʽѰ˵׼һ©ҵһҲһʲСĲƸˣǵļҵɲƷŷ
Ȼʧˣ֮ǰıǲǸûϷˣȻƲջ֮ǰ޻ıɲ뼦ɵ
ʱ޻ԭɥ֮ɫѾȫɫ㣬һ⣬ʧܱʧܣʣ񺣵жѣ벻˵ɣʲôҲκʧܣһԳɹǿЦ
޻˵ЦĿһ䣬޻һۣô㻹취ɣ
ģǻģ˲ܱһΣ޻ȡĲħ۹
Ȼ޻˵˴ĻüüһŶʩ֮
û󷨣ξⲻһ㣬ҪĹΪ̣һͬҾͲƲһ겻бʮ꣡ʮ겻б꣡Ϸħ۹֮ǰѾĴ㣬ƴ󣡡
޻˵أȻʮ㣬ȴüȷʮڴ˶ʮꡣ
ȻȴδˣȻ󷨣Ҳ֪߼󷨿ԴԪγһѭǹĵĲ䣬ǾԶҲƲ
˵ʲôڴ˶֮Ļ͵ЦˣķϰʱΪһȷĽȥѰԵҹ֪Ƶ᲻ڰ֮ڱ٣ٵĿֲռ籩˵ˣǷǿˣҲһҪ䡣
ӷ𡣡ü˫ֺʮĵĲʩ˼ᶨдģҲգľٴʩʮʱ䣬ʮ֮۽ΣԻȥܵõҲֻ֤Ե
üô˵΢΢Ҳû·ˣȥҪûǰ뿪޻ʵ֮Լ뿪֮ȡôԩͷˡ
뵽һҧ˵ãǷһΣʷ㵽ף
ͷһԴЭ飬ɫȴЩѿˣħ۹ͱˣһȥ·ǻأǿܣûͷǸȥ
ͷҪʮ꣬ζǾҪʮ꣬ҪֵܷȻ⣬ɹؼǺܿܵʱëֲ
üɲµ˵뷨˵λʩЭҵȳ֣֮󣬱Ȼõرʮ룬ʮ˸룬Էģȫóָλʵɶ룬һذ룬ǴӦһְͬɣʩʩԴҲģҲǣ
üɻ˵Ŀת޻˹Ȼͷ
ƵЭƶ飬һεЭ飬ǵһβ֣ʵȥţлǷֹ˭֪ʱ᲻жĥɱ¿ЩûʲôɽСŵǿߣ͸һˡ
ʱȷʵҲûʲôõİ취ҲǴţֻ֣ͷޣ˵ʱһԼ
ʮϹ֣׷ױʾԸ֡
һվԶһĻпЦѣ޻ʧܵʱȻҲֻǻûֺ̫ãھֻܿЦˣȥԼлῪȡˡ
˵ʮʲôģ˵ȫǿЦĻ֪ʮܵõҲԸ⡣
ҵǣ뿪ħ۹ﲻĵطһ⴫λأ޻Ҳ֪ȻѡһصĴ󣬸ҲȫԶ
Ȼڶ˵뿪ѣ뿪֮Ը׾죿ʵûߣûκθı䡣һȻһ˿˿룬ϣãģݣƺûаᣬһȺϹ֣һһþã֪̫̫ѡ
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޻˵ⷬԹԵȥһԴϢˣղҲС
üɮˣҲ˵ط״̬ǿߣǴ£ҪѰҩ
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˽֮ȹĦ󷨵ĻȻ˵׼ɾоʲô֮أ
ڵ̬Լ˷֮⣬ῪȴҲҪŪһ˿кҲŪһɶԿķ
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ЩϹǣɢĺܿЩ뿪ħҩ԰ķΧˡ
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ţǡ
ī峤ⶴ֮Уĳ͵һ
ⶴڲռ伫мʮɷԲ⴦ռ룬Ȼһɸߵľ޴¯ڵ¯ܣа˸ϵ񣬰ž޿ڶ׼¯һϼڵ¯ϡ
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Ǭ¯ء檿ⵤ¯һۣĵĶ޻Ԫ˵
šϧò˵Ǭ¯ˣܵõǬ¯رҪˡ
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ȻǬ¯ԣ¯¯деĵҩʲôħϼصҲϸʵǣЩ
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šǡī峤ϵһ̯ҽʱӿһɲԤУɨˣһղһҽУе߶ܵ⴦ˣȻīȴһ߳ϡ
һһ̯ҽī߳ˡ
ߡī峤һʹֻ̾һȡһУһУһ̯ҽԪǣȫ֮УУֽ䡣
һһصǿߣһ˲ôˣ˵ǿ߸ʲôˡ
΢΢ҡͷΪΪʳīߺǵһǬ¯ˣǸʱĵ뷨ýֺͷܲ³ǾǶ̣ΪС
һһصǿߣô飬ԤϲǬ¯ΧܴΣգȻǻ裬֪Σգȴðһʬǳɻҵ³ˡ
һǿߣǬ¯ȫǰ֮ǲòС
վڶ֮УõĲȱ֮Ѱš
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¯ܱߵİЩģļ䣬ȻƾЩ䣬ҪƽҲһ׵顣
˶֮һۣȴʱħҩ԰һ˶ûˣ˶Ǭ¯һȥħҩ԰ĳ嶯Ȼ뻹ǰͷѹϹ󷨾ʵ̫ҿҲСùЩϹֵġ
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Сų뿪ͰüɻվǬ¯ǰȻǬ¯뷨
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޻ѵ˵һʵȻΪǣΪһָüɵ˸ҩ԰һҲˡ
ԭⶫǬ¯촽۾͸¶һḬ̃Ͳ֮ɫȻ޻˵öģǿǰȴΪˣʵڲࡣ
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˿һĻĿһѾ˵£üɾ֣Ȼ̡
޻Ǿ˫Ŀ˫Ҳ¶ɻͽ䱸ɫ


493 ֲ
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Ҫ˭òǬ¯ıûʲô˵ģȻҪǰüа취Ǭ¯ҪϾıδػ
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вдʣħ۹϶ǷǿߣӦ˵ǿ߲Ŷԡ
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һ˲䣬ǸܵçƴϢǬ¯г·Ǭ¯У̲һ磬¯ǾĴţİء
¯һ˲䣬һһĿĹâХȭͷСĺţڿеתš
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üһŤΣڿһ˼Ķϼ⣬ղŰü˳ȥķطջ񹦣˲䱬飬üҲһƬ
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ֻһ죬ͷɮϰɷɻңֻʣܲһڵϡ
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ħҩ԰ϹϱأҲ꣬ÿһУԷסһ
󷨣໥֧֣޻˽ֻһƣȴһһصĿ
֮ǰΪ˷޻⿪˾޻Ͻϱ󷨣бߵδ
ǣϱߵ޻Ӷˣߵģȴ˿δ
󣬴ʱõĻˡ
ʧʧ
Ųһһ߶ѹĵһ͵صȥ䵽һĸǰһģ˲ıĽṹһͨ
⼸ʱһĹѾԺ飬Ϊľǽʡʱ䡣
Դʱ˵ʱȷЩϹʲôʱ
޻ɹͨӵôЩϹȻܿ췵أûʱˡ
ȻǴͱֽš
ڴʱ޻ı飬֪ԼֽţĶˡ
ܲƱػսһ͸ʱ䡣
Լο˿ӵʮΣս֮ЩϹǾòԾٻҲӦаӵһӵʱ䣬㹻һˡ
ҩ԰ԭò˶ʱ䣬Ȼѹ£ΪҪʱ䣬ȥһ£
ҩ԰ֵϹ󷨣ͬһ׷ӵһ㣬ֻȷĸıÿһĽṹܽϹ󷨿
磬ʮϹ֮ٵıܡ
ֻʮϢʱ֮еıṹ֮󷨣ɵİ׹⡣
һ˲䣬Ķᵽɤˣ
ǧҪ⣡
ʮϢ󷨵ʱ䣬Ѿ˺һ˫۾ƵĶŷ֮еס˺

󷨵ĿçϢɢֻû³ǵıòǿתԪǿֿס֮Ϯ
ĺ
ȫעȫһ˲䣬һڳĸǰԪ˫֣
һ̣ڲ
õˣ
ɴĵر
Ť˲һĸ״ֲͨɫֻۣĸһ
ǴֲҲֲͲժˣ֮á
ĸɣỨʱ䣬ȥֲһҩΪܶɣǱڲʱ䡣
һ˾õʱ䣬ȫѰܴ½ҵֵĵرҲûжˣ
Ӵһ̣Ķᵽɤۡ˫֮ϰ˺ԪǸоı̹ǣƺ˿˿ݹ˹֮Уָоʮֵ
˼飬ֻܸе֮Ĺ·Ϊģ
ٶСĵĽһ뱻ٵϸСĸëϡ
ʮϢ֮һȡһ׼õ֮Уȡ˵صУȫˡ
ϷӡСĽȻֲ޷ֽС


498 붴
ˣڣ
еһּ̣ȲʵĸоҪ֪ڴ֮ǰʮλϹ֣Ϊ˵õۼһðմħ۹֮нʮλɴܣΪ䣡
޻ΪʮѪϧϺս
ڣȴúõԼ֮Уģ붼ûжһ
õĹ̿ƼΪףһսû
ȻʵϣΪһ̣ȴѾ̫̫࣡
ӽϹսϺħһս̷Ѫս;ƿݣ͵ϮǧȼվѪѪ֮ӡѹԼļޣ֮յ뻢ڣΪ̷ħƬֻ⼸ȱЩɰ׳գûеõ̫мֵϢʱðħ۹վΪΪ̫ͣһ˲ͱ֣ɥ޻֮֡
һ·ѹեԼǱϧˣѪݷͳͳõǻͳţһֳ̲ɹõֻһжֵˣ
Żеипǧ
վ۷ȴָ˵ЩһⶼĻԵ
ȻֻӵеĻԵȴȥ룬ǵõԵҪЩʲô磬ûһݻԵǲκδ۾ƾյԼġԵֻ׼ˣûĻٶԵȥҲã
ˣʵ翵Ķ⣬νˣʵԵ׷µľģԼ˵ʵǻۡ
ǵ£ȥɱ棬һ߸顣
һУ̧ͷ˲ԶǬ¯ڵĶ
ʵҲôʵﵽɶءأнǧ꣬˵ŲߣҲǳǸ֮УԼһõһѾʮֲס
ɴ裬ջ񼫴ˡ
Ǭ¯Ȼа취ƽ󣬵Ǭ¯Ȼħĳطȡȴǲܣܴܲ¯ǶǸ⡣
һЩɳϻɣ˭Ҳס
֮ǰ룬ûһݻԵżѺΣգԼǰĻԵȥȡֻƽӹһӣ׷¡
ҧҧҪһ£¯ǣҲֻܷˡ
Ӱ˸˶֮ǰ˹ϣ̯ɫϼջٵĻҽ֮ǰڴ˵ĳµġ
ĴͷУѾüˣȴһСųһǣ޹ҵϹ֣ʬ޴棬һΪǻҵĶûУңڸԵҲȻķ绽ĴܣȻȴ³֮·Ĳпᣬɼһߡ
뵽겻ѡ
ʱȣҲû̯ǻңԺлŰƽ֮С˹ȥ
ȵĸоԽԽǿңо·ɽ֮УڸеĿ
һϮоʹ
ĿǬ¯Եİ˸ϣĸо˸ϴغ嫵Ϣ
Ҫ¯Ҫ
Ԫƣ˵һĸǰ
ϱϸĳɫҲ֪Ǻֽ죬ʮɸߣһ˫ɺ췢ĿĹâ·һ㣬ʱž޿ڣǬ¯ϵϼ
һĬطĨֻǵһ죬ǸĹâ΢΢
ӰһһǰһΣһַʽָΣڶĹâͬ
һһ編ƣʮϢ֮󣬰˸ͬʱ˷̨
ţź¡һ죬еĺͬʱɢɺ۾ȫ
Ǭ¯ϵĺϼʱӰ٣ֻʣȴƺǣǿ
ˣ
һħ۵ļ䣬ƽ˵ѣȻѵǡο¯
ֻǿǬ¯͸оһͨ¯֪¶ȸжߣֱֽӴǾԪҲ̵ֱͷʣˣ
Ǭ¯ħ۵ļ֮ħ۹һرƺԭѹ۹ģҲħ۹еĽƺ͸ֻؿʼܱתǬ¯ЩϵЩתǧ󣬾ͻȥ
֮ǰüӡ¯ֳһöɫҩһźɫѪ
ɫҩûĻΪƶɵģֵ֪
ɫѪҲ֪ʲôֻܴѪ֮ϸܵһɹǿħ񾪼¡
֪Ǭ¯Уɲֹиıﱻѹ¯ĸײ㡣
ֻǰüֻǳǬ¯޷ˡ
Ҳ֪ײЩ﾿ʲôħƬйǬ¯ļʵٵÿ
ҡҡͷҲûȥѰǬ¯ĵײ㱦ûͣ˵Ǭ¯ߣǸǿЦĻǬ¯ħ۹˵ˣǷǿˣҲܰȡߣõǴ¯ǣȡı
Ҫ󲻸ߣֻҪǿ¯ӵһǣõһ㱦֪ˡ
ȻûӡҲûκο¯ֻͨԭʼİ취
ֽгǹһǹ¯Ǻ¯Ӵţ˫һһѹǹˣ
ְ취ðüɿҪѪˣóϵͨӡһĳ춯أȴ޷ͻư󣬽޷õǬ¯еر󣬿ɱλɴܣԷƵİü˲ˡ
Ȼڣƿ˰󣬶İ취¯ò˵һ̡
ǹȥǬ¯ȴ˿
龰ȻʧЦԼǺͿˣǹȻܴסϾǵǹ¯Ȼĺܡ
һǹ˴Ѫꪡ
ꪺǹȻ̬ƣȴһ㲻ͬǾǡеꪶӲ˱Ѫꪵꪸˣȫý졣
в뵽¯֮£һһѹ
ǣ
к¯ǵĽӴѹһҧԥĿа֮
˲ʮ
֮߳սѾ̴ˣȻˣǬ¯¯ǻûп˼
һҧȼŷ֮Ѫ
֨֨֨
ǴѪꪣֲѹ£Ҳ˼΢ıΡ
Ǭ¯¯ǣƺֻǲһ£뿪Ȼһξ롣
ô
ɫһƬ졣
вϹʱ䣬ھЩɴ뿪Ѿ˰Ĺ򣬼ҪսһӣҲ㣬Լ㹻ʱ䡣
Ȼƶ׼һһʱ䣬뿪ħҩ԰
ʱһͻĲѣ
ٺ٣СӣǬ¯ôģ


499 Ϲ
˭һ˲䣬ðȻһڳת´Ѫǰ
ֻıܷӦҲһϹֻԷּ
Ȼ󣬶ڿյģһˡ
亹ˣо赽˼㡣
֪ȫȻһˡ
Σ
ЩϹֵʵͷУôֻǱèϷӵѡ
СӣÿˣҲʥģ˵ʥǾȣһëͷСӣȻһȺһǧͷӿӵôңǡԱʥθڰ
㡭תʥ
ЩϹУûһԳƱʥģ˿ĳƺǷǿ߲ŸԴԾӰɣ
ϵԼԺУҪôԪҪôǡͷԼľ֮
뵽Ȼһѵ
ħۣ
ħۣ٣ʥɲ
ǣһԿ϶ϵ֮ǰ̺ħƬеĲʶô᲻ħۣǲħƬɫĹ
㾹Ȼ˵ʥǹǸϵƺͻȻӡ֮еı͵һԴһۣǱҧһƵġ
ƾдʶǿվǱ̫ˣǱħ˼Σֱ׺Ѫа׷ֿӡ뾫֮ѹȻŭȻһ£ԼҲĵı
Ͼħʱ򣬾Ѿнʶֱħ̫õʱ䡣
ȴϷСӣٶԱʥʥȻľ֮
ֱۣʱûոһг۾һת˵ʱӦòǸ˵Щϻɣ
һ˵¶ְȻζٺ٣Сӣ㵹ͦʥγǴ͸һԵ
üһԵ
õǬ¯еıɣϷȴ֪Ǭ¯Ĳ֮
ţ΢΢һһȷʵֶⷬΣһİԼ
ҪҸʲô
˵ʡʥԸ㿪Ǭ¯ķ㽫ұֶηӡ㾫֮еʶȫ⣬һʥɡ
ܣڵɲϹĶ֣òħİ뽫ӡųԼˣ˵ᣬðգԸҪǬ¯
СӣˣǬ¯еı˵Ǹ컯ңʥҲҪʶ̬ܲǬ¯ʥǬ¯ˣΪķ
Ǭ¯ˣ
ȻϹô˵Ҳһ¶Ȼջе̰²ܴӦ㻹İɣʱ䱦Ҳڴ˶ˡ
˵Ѫꪣ𲽱Ҫ뿪ʱϹƺе㼱ˣ˵ȵȣ㿴ֻҪҵһʶĲؽ⣬ʥһȡǬ¯
һʶһϹħ߰˶ΣֻеһΣȫаնԸϾʱϹʱҲش
㵽˭ħʲôϵôħ۵Ƭ֮У
ʱʥ˭ٺ٣˵ҲûġϹһ˿ȻͲмȷʵϹĻȻ̫˵
ûйڱϹһֹȥ˶ʮϢʱ䣬а㣬ͱ뿪Σˡ
Ϲ˭֪ʲôı
ѵҪǬ¯еıôЩҩʲôģҲûðɣ
ҩѪ̷֮ɴû˵ʲôܹԵҩ
˼ǰƺԼûʲôϾֻһʶĻϹԼĶ֡
ıԼòǬ¯ǣʹˣõģòҲʧ
ʱȣҲϸ룬ȻΣգԴӦΪһЩǾͷԵɲ·
ãҽһʶ
Լʶ뵽֮ľ֮УϹʶֳ˰˶ֱ֮࣬ѹ֮ͬĽÿһΣ˺׵绡һ㡣
һĻҲŪЩˣҲΪ»ܻĸԼ˵ϼһǣʶǿÿֲ
˴ʶСһΣ׼⡣
ϹȴЩСӣ㵨ӾôСʥʵֻʣ̬һֻһСζѣ㼸ʶҲκβ㣬㻹̶ֳȣǬ¯ʥҲҪķѲֻǽôһСΣ͸֧Աʥˣ
Ϊ⣬ƽ˵µȷʵֻôСϻ˵㵽ͬͬ⣿
²Ϲʲôͼ֮࣬ʱ̫ȣû취ƤȻȷԼûΣգֻҪʱӦ䣬ȡǣһһ㣬ԷʵˣȻԼ
ģʥǻƽȮۣãҲøּۻۣɡ
ƽȮۣԼȮ
һ䣬ȴ˵ˣֻϹʲôħۣƭӡ
ָһСʶϵ׵ƽ⣬˵˵ãֻаʱ䣬ʱ䵽ˣûе֣Ҳ뿪ˣ
㣿㹻ˣȻӷӡ״̬ɣͬľ˵ͻȻɰһϹʶչһ壬Ľлһ
һֱⲻǹô
ĻںͷϹ֮гΪʵʱҧԼͷ
ǰһֻȽߵСβ͸ָ೤̣ɫľëŶ䣬ͷһ˫ɫС۾ȹ͹͹
㡭㡭˵ˡ
ʲôʥȻСһ㣬ʲôֵģȵ̬ϹЩˣƺԹС֡
ʱЦãһһʥȴģʵԽϵһ𣬲ʱҲûȥעˣɲΪֻ͹޺Ӿͷɾ衣
Կ϶ϹʲôͼôĸԼǬ¯ֻǿһʲôˡ
뵽Ԫת䱸֮еֻҲԷϹ͵Ϯ
͹̵ƮǬ¯Ϸ˫Ŀע¯ǣ¶һʮЦݣĹͷ촽пʼд
Ϲһţ̶̵ֻĹצӻڿкұȻʲô˰ſףڽӡ
ʱֱ׵ĸо


500 ¯
һֻǹ͹һҡͷԵ䣬һֻצģıȻţϻżЦݣ龰ʵսӾޡ
ôһﶼһ
ȻϹܲף߶Ǭ¯ͷų˵ĺɫΣ¯巢΢𶯣һɲɣϢ֮ɢ˳
Ȼâ𣬹͹ϵЦҲ޷ٱȥˣ幹ɵŤţһЩ֧ӣ͹֮ǰ˵Ĳһʶ壬Ǭ¯ȷʵЩǿˡ
¯ɢİ׹ԽԽʢ¯ӵҲԭǿңƺҪʯ̨Ƶġ
ʱ۾һ͹ڿ¯ҪȡǬ¯
㡭ȡǬ¯
ϻ͹ȻѾЩֲסˣǻŬϼһֲм֮ɫЦС֣Ҳʥ˭
Ź͹˵֣ȴҲҪҧװƵӣһŵĺһԼ˵˼֣
Ҳ˲Щˣ۾ǳ𶯵Ǭ¯ͣ͹Ȼħ۱ȻܲɷֵĹϵܿħ۵Լ֮࣬Ļ͹ʵҲӦǴܼģܹȡǬ¯ͲΪˡ
Ȼ벻͹ҪǬ¯ʲôһ壬Ҫһ¯ʲôã뵽֮УΪ顣
ѵ͹飿
Ѫ֮˭Ը飿ؾĵǰ㣬壬ԭͲ࣬ϲĳ˯һ˯֮á
͹Ȼ
תָҲʶֽ䡣
ʱԾһĻˣʯ̨ϵǬ¯Ȼʼתת֮УС
ԭɸߵľ޴¯˲Сһɸˣ
ͬʱǬ¯¯ǾҵĲƺҪһ㡣
һĻ͹һ˿̰Ĺâ𣡡
͹צһУԡ

¯ǳһɫĵҩһźɫҺ
ɫҩƵĵҩ
źɫҺ壬֮ǰɢŹħѪҺ
͹צӷһѹֱӰɫҩѹ˵¯öҩȻ󣬵͹壬ûһá
ڰУֻʣһźɫѪˣ
͹ѪһŹѾЦ˻ϹžħѪǱʥ
ȻһϹžħѪ
ͻȻħռеİɫյԼȥħȡֵľѪƺԾѪȿӡѵ˵һ֪طþѪã
⣡
͹ϹžħѪĻԼܶԸô
֪͹˾ħѪ߶ٻʱƿز˵鷢
˵ֻתûش͹ԼܹƿصķΧڣʵĽһϹžħѪø͹Բ͹ɾħѪ
ȥȻ͹Ķ죬СצһУħ֮ѪЦţſҪžħѪһȥʱһɫâؿڵħӡ
ಣ
һ죬ǵԲ˼ٶϹžħѪͬ޵ٶȵأ
ֻ̣һ˲䣬ûзӦ
꣡
͹һҧȥȻʲôûҧԭЦҲˡ
ԭأֻؿůڵģѪҺ壬ħУħƺ˼£Ϣˡ
Ҳݣ
͹һŹʱˣ͸֧˲ٻźòȡϹžħ֮ѪԼ꣬ȴ룬һգ֮䣬˸ɸɾ
Сӣʥҧ㣡
͹һǺһҧ
ħͻı仯Ҳʼδħ֮ѪȻ꣬ħȥʵȻ飬Ѫ͹ħʮǧħһ֮ѪЩηģ
ۿ͹Լ˹ŲæȫԪתֻھ֮ɫУͬʱ׺Ѫа˫飬ھ֮Ͽմ˸

͹ͬһһ壬ûʵ壬ҧֻӰˣҪֻܳľ֮
ȻֻһϢʱ䣬ֻ໡һ͹һҽУֱ˦˳һʹ֮ӡ
ײΪգҪʤϹ֡͹ȥֱ֮ӱŰ
ݲݲݣƽȮۣɷʥɷʥ͹ͷܳһŹܻľ֮УǾ籩ǺɫУǺ˫ɫ飬һȱ壬汻Űˡ
ȱʥظˣ㲻ɣ͹һֻСצʹĹԴһֻСצָצӶ÷ˡ
ޱ飬䣬Ȱ㻹ˣУ໹мʮϢİȫʱ䣬ʱЩϹָϻȻҪȻҲܰɣΪЩϹǷһֻϹʶǻô
һ˵͹ɫӲÿˣСӣвʥ
ֻ㲻Ҫ˵ϻҪˣУ군
ģӵľħ֮Ѫ
Цһ治̵ģħ̵ģȻԳ򣬲᲻֪ʶȥħһĴڰɣ
Ȼħ͹·ͻȻʲôֲ飬һܻıʱһ֮ɫ
ħħ죡㡭ħ̽ˣ͹ƺеû˯ѣʱ߰˶Σһʱûףڱ˸ѣлȻ
㡭㡭첻֪˵ʲô
Щͷˣû꣬ȡǬ¯֣
ƾʲô͹ȲˬӲ֪Ǭ¯ȡ֮ƽ֡
ãƽ֡һڴӦʱʵڲٳƤˡ
Ӧôˬ죬͹ƺﲻԾ
ȻһʱҲϸˣԭѾСһɸߵǬ¯С
Ϣʱ䣬ȻСֻаߣһֻ־ץסˡ
Ǭ¯ǵܴ½һ¯ҲǶıֽ䣬ֱ壬ڲԳɿռ䣬ʥ̬û취Ǭ¯ߣСˣ죬㲻Ҫ̣
ã͹һϵƣʲôУһڴӦ
͹СצһָֻವһǬ¯ֱӷڡ
һֻ̣һȣ壬ȴǬ¯ĵ֮Уתš
Ǭ¯һ̣͹ͻȻֽһһû֮ɫģӾ;ﲻԾȻǱˣ


501 ӳ
Уˣֻ壬Ǭ¯еıӳ˾ħ֮Ѫûõģ͹һԹţʮֲ
ʱЩϹȥ֮ڣһʱȥˣ뾡뿪
ô߿ɲУ˻ɵϵĻԼˣҲ꼰˵
ڰİ˸϶һ¡
Ϣ֮󣬰ֿʼϼ⣬¿ˡ
ֽȡһʬ壬ʬ壬ǵϺħսʱɱϣħҲǿϵľѪ
Լһֻֽȡϵָ֮ϣ岽룬ֽʬһӡ
꣡
һϼʬֱӱϼУճɻҽ
ǣճɻ˵ϹԱߣֶ˵ѻҽֻյðеֽ䣬Ҳɢ˻ҽ֮С
͹ЩСӣ㹻ģôû汻ɻˡ
ЩϹ֣ôĴۣȫС˽ˣ֪Ǳ˭ˡ
뵽͹ʶԼĹӣСһ𣬲һ챻ӽ˰ɡ
͹˼ţȴѾһ˶
£ȵȱʥ͹һ飬æ˳ȥ
ħ۵ļ䣬ħҩ԰һ˳ڣǰԶľ룬һˣͨ󣬿ֱӴͳħ۹
һ룬棬ֻҪʱͿͨˡ
ħ۹òС
ιʲôƻûʹ͹Ӳİѡ͹˽ȥ
ʥСιʥıͷħȮħʥʮǰﵽʥ磬գݺ磬Ǹʱүүûأ
͹˵ͷƺҵĽ
Ȼףȴ֪͹ʱȷʵӣҲûʸ񱻾ħ֮С
ʥʲô
ܴ½νķǿߣʥҲǶĳһʵǿߵľƣӵ꣬ʥ
ղŲ˵ͷħȮôֻʣһͷ뿪ħҩ԰ҲõǬ¯á
һ͹ʱйƤ򣬸ղŵİһɨ⣬ǵǸֲŮˣʥѾ޳ɽղĴˣֽʥħ֮У꣬ԭʥλһģ񣬱ʥһ궼ȱȫܱԭ״̬
͹˵˵ţŭ
ԭô˵ħ۵Ļ裿ʵ
ʲôл裬˵ôʥħ۵ԼޣߣħüƣʥôǩԼûбʥħ֪ٻˣ͹˵һȴ͸¶ˣħۿɲʲôƽȵĹϵ뵱ʱǩ֮Լ
ħ⣬·ûΣա
ߣħ۹ô󣬱ʥħ۹ҲֻǴ˺̵ܶʱѣô֪ô
͹ǳε˵Щֻܸ֪ȫСġ
Ȼϵģ·̣ȻΪƽһ·ʲôûô˳˼֮еλãһͰʯ̨ʯ̨ûκνƣȥ֮ʯ̨֮ϾһϵĴ󣬴ȱʱ
һĻдϲ
ֻʮϢʱƽŴģĽзһһ֮ɰ׹̤ģӰٿһʧˡ

һ֮ħҩ԰
յħҩ԰ʮվԭڵλãˮ
ɫѿҪ޻ղü˴սһֳƷħ۳ǧ̻ڶƣȴɱüýڽڰˡ
Ҫ֪µĵҲֻǱħ۳ԲȻǹ¼ҹһ죬۸ʵ֮ǿ
ԭĻ޻㲻УҲܴӵ
ȫյħ۹ﶼǳȥοħ۹;ΣأҳҴɱ죡
޻óڤµ飬ȼվѪΪвҪüַϵˣ
ʵ޻ƾƴһҲ³ֻǰüҲḶʹۣʹǶɵò֡
޻ɽԼֻȽϴֵĸѡ
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˵Щ׵ʦɴ򿪵ģҲίʵ̫ǣǿЩ
ٽ֮ǰѾǹؼʱͻȻ޷ʹõĴ޻һǿҵԤУԼʲôˣ
Ȼʱüɷ˵ĳ֣Ҫ侮ʯ޻Ͼ·Ѿȥϸ롣
һħҩ԰ף޻ֻԼķζҪըˣ
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üɡҲɫ࣬ԭָõǬ¯еıڣɵ¯Ӷ˴ˣ
˭˭޻˫ĿѪ۾׹⣬ʱ˭û뿪ħҩ԰˭
޻˫Ŀɨˣһȴûб¶
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ô룬ϻʱҲӿһȲԤУʹлޱȡ
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ʣʲô˼㻳ϷȡǬ¯ɣ
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ʣ㡭޻ҪѪˣᣬǬ¯ɣԼʮ꣬Ѫʹֻۣǻ롣
ˣΪˣ˺ڹôù飬˭ͷϣˣ


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Ȼɫ䣬ϻҲһ˲侾ˣģ˫ֽһ𣬶ͷ˵㺹顣
ˣ
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Цһߣɱ㣬ȡħϷط֮Լкѣ
ϷһȻħкѣ޻粽ãҲýˣЩϹ֮໥¼ɣοֶԼȫ£ҲͲ壡ͣԼƣֳǿӲһ棬ץסƴһ
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졭΢΢Ӧǹˡ
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ҡҡͷ˵ڵҶԣûʲôãҪһССľôѾ˵ػţڿ϶ѾѾɵˣ͵߾˵ֱӰ˵Ƶ˷˼ˡ
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š
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˵ٷϻһȡ˳
֮УúõУȱһһëɼ
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»ЩյġСĽϣֵħ⣬̷ʲô𣿡
̳еļȱȫһʱ벻̷ǷҪҩ
ȻЧãҲûҪȡЧȪˮҩЧˮУˮн壬еľȫյڣҪ̷ֱЧãҩЧºͣҸգмǲҪ˵Ԫɢ١
ĵر̺žһˣᾫɢǧ˲Σһǧ˲ΣֵҪȶϵһصǧ˲θߵö࣬Ҳʹãڲ˻һʱ䣬Сˢһһ˲εĸκһ붼Ҫı
ǧ˲μֵ֪˶ٱһģȡõȱҩЧȻ޻õһǿࡣ
ȪˮһֽȡһˮףװűȷˮҪ̼Ȫˮ
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ЩзȪˮڲ̺ŷǳḻԪڵԪѵõǣ̺Ԫʮ־ûκεʺͶأ൱ˣЧֱܴ½˺˰ٱֹ
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ħ⿴̳ˮʱû⣬Ȼ̺ܵŨԪ΢΢һ£צſڸϣ۾ֱֱĶһˮͷˡ
Ϣ֮˫۷Ź⣬⡭̫ԴȪˮС߹ʺˣ
ħ˵ţҪצȥˮȻ壬צˮдȴһˮҲû
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̫֮Դʲô
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ħ΢΢üתһ룬ͷԣ
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뵽ԥѵ·ֱ֮ӷ˰еĽɫҺ֮С


504 
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ɫҺڿڱ֮У¶ʴ𣬺һڣֻһӿһ·ȥθůڵģƵ֫ٺĽǶչžžı졣
ȫë׶ſһɹɾëע뵽ڣע룬оë׷·ƵʹȻ֪ΪΣʹȴһ˷ܵĿС
Ƶҩ̺֭ޱȣ뵽֮Уڹڣϵۻš
ͣ
裬ʹ֮ȻʱȴûˬԺҲޱȡһ㶼û֮ǰħ龧ʹࡣ
ڽɫ֭Һ֮Уչ壬ɳ֫ڴڵĽҺ
ЩҺȫ֮ٴëųϵۻȻʹȴо·Ҫһ㡣
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СӣϽëףעǹ֮УһǹУЭɴ衣
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ȻһζıչĻҪͻƾʵЧֻ̫͡ѡʱ뿪򣬵ңԶĵطȥ
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Ѫɫԭһ޼ʣĿĵҵĻɫʯʯϿɺĿķ׭ͬٻĹһ㡣
ʯ֮䣬ŴĿݹǣģҰ޵ģһָçѪգѾ¼ŵ˲֪꣬һһֱ¼ȥ
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˵꣬ǧ֣ߣһУ˶ϣ

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׾첻ŵĿУһѪ֮ӡͻ׾Ľ̴ĻԪһĨѪ֮


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׾Ҽϣ˺ɼǣ׾Ϊ߳Ԫһܽ׾ֱ
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509 ι
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д󼱣ʤ׷ʱһߣȥ
Ԫꪣ
Ѫ֮ӡתһǿϣʱٶȴ
𷢳һ˻Ȼƾȴʼ޷Ѫ֮ӡ
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ȥ˵ɣɫ㣬һꪴ£Ѫꪷ·Խռ䣬˲ǰ
һĹâƴȫһѪ
꣡
٣ϯĻԪԪһɨ⣬һꪴĵ
ǧһ֮ʣҧ⣬Ԫƣһ˴Ѫꪵꪸϡ
Ѫ䣬ƴһӲĸıһķ򣬴˵Ȼɴĸ͸룡
Ѫһ˿㡭

ޱ飬ѪһʣѪֱγ
ȭ
Ԫ֣Ԫصһȭؿڣֱҵؿڰݣ߹ѣ
һȭߵķһ㵹ɳȥصˤڵϣ֪
֣һĻ׿һ˫ĿҲ᲻ˡ
һߣҲǰһڣǾڸһȺСʱʽһʱ壬̵·飬Ѫˤڵء
ȿȿȣ֧壬ѪĿǲʺԹޡ
ҧ촽ҧóѪѾһΪһжˣʧȥǧ꣬ʧȥȸһһеӵĵλڣΪ͹ʧȥˡ
飬Ŀûк⣬ֻˣûʸޡ
ҶһУЦһ뷨ʵˣȴ˼ʱ˵ͬУɱ
鲻˵ֻԹĶԪתʱĿ⣬޲ý̻
ɱң㲻ģͻȻ䣬صһؿڣ񱩵Ԫӿ壬ֱӽ䣡
֡
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ûиκη̻ϰߣϾɱյǵŷӸ̽ѵʱʱ֣Ѿˡ
飡
鱻һƷϵ׿ʹ֣ⳡĲʼʱϵ˿ܵ³Ȼȴû뵽ҵȵز
ܿܣ׿Բڡ׿ңԪֻı죬ϱһѪԾ
׿ôˤڵϣѪһء
ˡ
̾һͽɾˣȻȴûһɸ˵˼һڶȻӮˣ˵Ԫˣһڳϣһڳϣһس飬ԾˣΪȨΪѪ
һ׿ȡ׾µĻι⣬˫һʮӡطӡȡһУװ
׿ûжЩ˵ĶͲȡҲȱЩ


510 ʮ֮
սʼʮʱ䣬׾졢һڣһڵľ֣Ⱥɱܡ
վս֮ϣѪɫ΢΢԰ףȻʱ¶ɷȴľЩ˵Сǣڵ̲סη֮С
ĵս䣬ʵš
ѪꪣĿϣ֣ص˵ǰʦ㣬м仰ҪǶ˵
ţ
һ˵
ǧꡢɱ̨һԣƽ˵ǰʦ㣬Ҫ˵һǡڽǿҵ£κ˲й¶ȥΪ˵֣֮
Ϊʲôһʲô飿
ͻ쾳磬ʵ͵ħ۹ȡϺħ򡢴¡īһ׷ر֮⣬бڲӡ˶رǬ¯ҲĳϣñԼļЩ֪ûôǱȻֱ˵ʱ˵Ȼ
һƽ˵׾ˣ˵ʲô
Ѿ֪ôеľˣϺħ򡢴¡īһ׷رڶϹ֣صĴڳ£ôУ
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Ҳò˼飬һۣȴʲôû˵
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ڳ˵һʮˣ˭ŵù˭ŲһжҪԼжϣţѱһ֮Ҳ̫˵ѪԼˡ
δʮꣿüһ˼ʮ֮ڣǰʾֻҪʮ֮ųɳ㹻ǿߵʵˣ
ʶһ㣬һǺεȵţʮ֮ǧͬѡ
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ʮҪأôʮ֮ǰܷʳƵۣȿȫ췽ҹ̷֮£֮˵ȴûκλɡ
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ĳ
ʮ˵ʵǳݣȻʮ겻ͬ
Ϻħ˵ս˵Ϻħ򷢶ⳡսһĿΪ˿ϹսҲδǽ˻
ʮʱ䣬սҲձʮ֮˵Σö֪
ͬʮ˵ͬһ޴Ŀ飬뿪뿪ŵıӻһ̤İ磬޾ıΣգǷ䣿
һ;֣;ʤһǿݣÿһǿߵĵǴڶмŵʬɱÿһǿߵĵڶඥŵʬ̾ͣЩʳƵ۵ǿߣǾʥŵʬģ
ңرһй¶Ļ
뵽ҪȰ䣬Ȼվʲôû˵֮·ע¶עա
ĳ˵˵ѾΪṩ㹻ֻ̨Ǳ
ԽᣬԽͻƾ磬һϣȡõĽˣԼʱͻٶ꣬ûͻڡ
ķʱ䣬һǱþҲΪһţվ޷ɾͷǿˡ
뵽̾һûж˵ʲôˡ
ҪߣǧʵѾǰ֪ҪߵϢһ仰ûȰֻȴһŨصĲ֮⡣
ǰ;δ֪֣ʮʱ䣬֪ᷢεȱʣ˵Ըô뿪ƭ˵ġ
ǧ˫ˮƺ̺ǧ˫Ŀһɲǣôһֶҡſһطűչǧһ𰲾ȻվĨ컵ͷ
ȷҪߣʮ֮ڣұȻȻ˵
ʵԶԶܻɱ׾죬˷ѹƣ뿪Ƶ磬ȴ׾Ķ֡
һ;ӿʼľ絽ľ磬ʵϱԼʽԽ棬Խ
һС磬ڵڣԪĲҲΪôһ󾳽磬۷嵽죬ʵı屶
Ȼ쵽ıһЩʵϣ۷嵽Ĳ࣬ԶڵڵĲ࣬ΪԽԽֲ
Ϻħ򡢴µЩϼһǶǿߣ죬󾳽ѻʯ
Ҷˡǧ΢˫Ŀٶʱ۾ѾٴλָɣĿһۣ·ҪòӡԺƵģҵһֱ㡣
ǧ˵ƽĳŵȴ̺ľȻ֮⣬ͬݷݸǧʱ˵һ䡰ҡһ㣬ǡ
ûлظʲô֪ӽжһݳǣңΪǣȥΣգֻΪǣҶΣ֮УŷǿǱ֮УѰ
ҪҪɶǧĳŵҪڵõ㹻ʵ֮˵һӴϺħ
Ҫôߣȥʵ
ݺǸӹĴ򣬶ϱһ޼ʵϺ
Щ֮ͨýֺͷҲ뵽Ǵħ۹֮һᷢǵߣʼȫǬ¯䣬ʱ߳ԶԶҲбֵΣա
㹻ҫۣ֮УսʮڣսԶͬߣͬҹǣ벻˹עѣ
£ô
ЩѾЩ뷨ˣ⣬²κĹע


511 뿪
Ϲսĳڣ߸ߵǧɵĸ߿գڽϹսʱʮǿִͨġ
ֻмɴСΧȫǹ⻬ĿռϱڣΪѹƶ޷еĻȥ
ʱǧɸ߿֮Уһ껳бһŮӣķ˿ռϱڵĳڴȻŮǧˡ
ﵽ쾳磬ʮɴ֮ڷѹµʵѾ׾죬շУǧȴûֻķ·
죬˶û˵ǧֻĬĬסƺҪסָо
ϢĴռϱڵڣǧһʼƬ֮С
һöСƬ̱豩꣬Ƭ̫СгŲ̫ຣˮ꼸²ͣ
ˮʮһƬΪռѷĴڣˮпӿд
һŷ׭ϣǧΧɷΧڣֳһЩ糾һĶȫΧˣԶԶĿȥҹһ㡣
С͵ƬУǿռѷ죬ַֽһռѷ죬ĳѷͿǰˡ
⴦СĿռƬУѾѹƷȻǧȴƺһ㣬ɱĬĬķļϣȻ
ϯĺɫˣ׵ͶѪսꪣãã֮䣬ֻʣǧ꣬Ľ
ˣˡͻȻںͣѾ̽鵽ããˮ龰
һնȥʮѪ֮ӡʳһǿתˮֿγһɫͨǧ꣬Ͷ뵽˺ˮ֮¡
Ƭ棬Ȼһ޴ļ̳̳߶ȾʮɣȸǴﵽ˽ɣ̳ͨɻɫʯɣ̳ϣŸۼĸ񣬸Ӻ·ضӡ
ǡǧޱȾȣû뵽СƬУȻôһ̳
һϹŴ󡣡ɫƽϼսϱ뵽ռƬУûеõκλԵҵһϹŴ
һΪֹĹģķڴΧԪʯ۾һ˸ҪʮƷԪʯʮƷԪʯ
󣿡ǧ꾪ˣ˵Ĵ󣬲Խʮľ룬ǴĹģֻļʮ֮һ
⴫Ϲ󷨣Ƶ֮ǧ˽⵽Ϲ󷨵һܴͶԶľ룬ǧ
ֽȡԪʯһһŵİڴУԪʯŲض˳˳ˣ޷
ȷ⴫û㴫ˣȥһЩΣյĵطô죿زô죿ǧ꿴⴫ʱ;ˣصĴ֪һʲôңһͳʲôʧڿռô죿
ʦ㣬һμ⴫ʱ򣬾ѾоˣӦû⣬ħ۹е󷨣ڻûһ⣬ʹãʦ㣬չ˺ҵĸĸǽӵһذȫĵطβִ뿪ԽԽãҲܻȥҸĸˡ
û֮ǰĸһۣܾЩźΡһ˵ߵ꼰ˣǳʲô⣬Ƕ˵˵ĸܵĸĸ粻֪˶ˣ֮ͬ·ʱ䣬˶˵ǳҪ
ĸһչ˵ĺúõġ
У޻ħϣ漰ħ۹һЩܣϹսУ˯һͷĺʥ޾ûв´Ļ޻ٻͷ
޻ٻҲ޿κΣȻ֪ĿƷʵ㣬޷ٻʱҲô
ֻܽ¸֪ǧ꣬ϣһˡ
ţ֪ˡ
ˣҪˣʮ֮ڣҶȻŵ֮Ȼߵ˴롣
ʱԺдһԭСǴ⡭
Ȼħһ֪⴫󣿡
еӡ󣬲ʥʶ𣬶⴫Ҳǲ̫ˣûŪĻһܿԽ룬ԽռĳִʹõĻ൱ǿħҡͷԵ˵
ǿһݡ
ֳ룬ԽռĴ󣬱ȻռڼٴԽռĹУҪܿռ֮ļѹΪһЩĻȴʱ򣬾ͳһ̲ˡ
£һѳ봫̫ˣΪҵΪ
ǺħצԼĹ°ͣƺ˼һƤһ̧˵ʮɴ裬ι̣Ҳ֮󣬻ʣһ
ħһ˵ᣬ㲻Ұɡ
ʲôʥȻ˵ġ
ѵϹʱͽ߾û취ʹó봫ˣ
Ҳû취ֻҪһ㹻ʵĿռ䷨УֵܵռļѹеǬ¯һȽϽʵĿռ䷨ˣϧΪֻܴǬ¯һС磬Ҳȥǿ԰ֽһЩҪʱǬ¯УõʱЩֽڵСǧ磬ռ籩ѹˣ
£һֽڵСǧ綼ᱻѹ飬ɼռ籩Ŀֲˡ
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⴫ұҪʹãЩΣաԪ߶£Ȼ˴
ڴһ˲䣬һϹֱڴ룬ȫâˣڰ֮⣬ǧڷУŤããϹ֮Уˡ
ģǧ촽΢ƮߴԺ֮У㡭ֱ
Ǳɢ˷УŤԱ壬һ̣ѾͶ뵽˺صĿռ֮ͨС

ȥǧˣûκ֪Щĵӣȫ˷е
ʵ¹شһй¶ȥ˵ٲòССġĽѵһΣ˵ܱá
ʮϹִħ۹гʱ򣬶Ǭ¯չ˷Ŷеߺ͹ϵ·ˣôѲ鶼޽
֮󣬸Ҳ˴£ճţһһ䣬ȻżĵһţҲпЩ˵˻鲻ԽĴһֻĿ
ȥţͲˡ
û򣬻볤õĻ֮УϺսڼȻѰʧܣǵϹʥ޾ﻹ޻֣֮ټīĽ룬սܿձ򡭡


512 ʱշ
ǿռͨǰʵ֮ͨУȵ˵оԼ·һͲһɫԼٶȷЩɫһƬĿϾӡ
ʵƣһЩѵνĿռô
ꪾеʽв漰˿ռ⾳ʱ⾳顷ͬ漰˿ռ⾳ȻΪֹԿռ⾳˽ȴǴ״̬Ϊ޴ӽӴĿռ
ƽʱڵĿռ䣬Ǵȹ״̬£ռ䲻Ҳֻڿռ֮ͨУܿԾĿռ֮
оԼ˼άƺЩռںϵһľ־ƺû״̬ռϣٵķӹ޾ľ룬ָоԡ
ǿռ䷨򣬿ռ⾳
ڶԿռ⾳ĸ֮УʱħʥȰòҪ̫ݣʧڿռ֮УֱӷֽҲû취£ˣ˲Ҫʥ㾫֮أʥɲһ군
ħһ仰糿ĺһ߻죬Ȼһŷ֣弸ɢȥǱ紵ɢ˵ѹӢһ㡣
һݣæ֪֪һ룬ʱо͵һ𣬷·ʲô׶һ壬Դһʹ·˼άˣָоǾһ㣬ʶѣȴˣˡ
ǡռ籩Ŭø֪ȥϵħ⡣
ǡռ籩ӡǿռʱ䱻ŤˡħҲǶ϶ȻҲӦڵ龰
ռʱ䱻Ť
һ˲ħĻνռŤϰߵĿռ߶ȣʵʵĿռ߶ȲͬʱŤϰߵʱ䣬ʵʱٲͬ
ǡꪾĿռʱ䷨
ĸоԼץʲô£ȥУֻܾļ䣬Ťʱյ͹ĸо
ŬԼ˼άԪ٣Ӧʱգھ֮УԪϵۣɢȻʼոŤʱٶȣʹһжٻޱȡ
һ˵ʮ棬ʮΣյľҲһлӴʱշ
ʱħٵ𣬡ǰ棬ռ
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һȻ̧ͷȴǰʵĿռͨ·һ㣬ռ֮ޱң·ڹһ籩
⣡
ҧĻԪת£һ׻ΧסͬʱʮѪ֮ӡҲΧ·ת
䣡
ȻһΧ׻һɢѪ֮ӡҲɢһâʧӡ
һֻ̣оԼ·ɽѹһѣʮɴ֮ĹҲžžı죬ѹ

ָ֮ϣһö͵ȼֱֽӱ飬ѿĽָƬռУһƿƿ޹޵ĵҩע֮£ɷɻңȫ
ۿʵﻯɷɻңʧӰٵĸо𺳣
䣡
ֽ䱬һ˲䣬оԼ·ײһºĽǽϣ˸һ۵³һѪ
Ȼ£ûпа֮ΪռֻǸոտʼھͿа֮ȵ棬һҵĿռ籩Ϯʱ͸޷ֵˡ
̫ϧˣռͨУпռ⾳ʱ⾳ȴû̫ľȥֻܾİǼ
ǰ棬ڶռ
ħԺ̧ͷһȻǰԶһطռȫҡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ֽȡһöҩ̷ȥٶȴ߶ԪѪ֮ӡռֱȥ

֮󡪡
ӻ֮Ƶ۾ҰģȻ֣ԼһƬĲԭ֮УµʪģϺܲ
ǰЩľЦѡ
ǰĴÿζһգ۵Ĺ͵ĿĵأһϹŴһδȴ죡
ʱ䣬ڿռͨоռռ籩ռУĺڶŤʱ䣬һһĿƾһӲļֵϵĵҩԹˡ
˵ʱ֮еħҲʼְռ籩Ͼһϣһȫ
;ƿݣħҲ͸֧˯ʱڰ˿ռ
Ȼ̤󿴵һĻȴٶȽп࣬ĳڣȻһֱ̫շϡ
̫죬ľˮȫԪ״̬ڣŰޱȣΪߣ¶̫ϣֱӱԪ
ȫʢ״̬ȻԪĳǸʱѾ;ƿݵٱԪһ壬ѩϼ˪ƴȫ̫֮ɵûˡ
ǵϼɱ˲ϺħСӣֽнɻ˼һ㲻ۣʱóҪ̫ˤ£ˤ֪ˡ
飬ΪԪ֧׹٣ײһԭϣҲ˹ȥ
һԣ֪˼գ֮ʱֻøпտգʮּ
һ壬ԭöֽ䣬ֻʣһö߼ˣֽȫڿռ֮С
Ǭ¯úõĴĵ֮Уıҩ򣬰ιⶼǬ¯Уûκ⡣
ֻڵ״̬˵ǿǬ¯ˣٻǬ¯ˡ
壬Цѡ
ھ֮߳࣬޷ͨԪҲʹĵˮ֮Դݽˡ
ǣĹ衢඼ܵˣĻָǿǹҲҪ൱ʱָܻˡ
⡭
̾һЦҡͷԪֻͨܳһǰ򵽵ʱռ䷨Ҳ˿ռջˡ
һգ˾ͳԸ˺ֽе̫֮Դˮƽʱʱշ򣬾ĵȺڹϡ
һ죬ԭ֮жһ̶֧ӣ崫Ķ䣬һʱһԶġաʵǴÿֲɣһȾ˸ߣ߸֮ϵġˡסˡ
ǡˡƤֽһĻɫ㣬ֱ۱ȳ˴Ȼ֣һԼа߳һ޸ۣʱһֲмĿ⿴
ħ
Ȼǰ⡰ˡȻǾħһ壡
Ҳڤۺħͬ壬죡Լ˾ħô


513 ħ
ħ绹ܴ½
ޱȣħ⣬ħƺΪ͸֧Ѿ˳˯ˣôҲûзӦ
ֻ÷ˣϸȻħ۱Ϲžħһ壬ôħ۹ĳͨħڵҲΪˣ
ѵǧǰճڤۣҲǴӾħôԼħ龧пľʵڤھħɱ龰
ţͻȻɫ䣬âһŸߴյľħտڴͳһִԼ
ʲô
ŶԷϷʵһŭˣԪʹ֮ãĵҲֻǻָһʵֻܸһĺߡ
һ㿪վյľħŭĿӣʶľͳȻ۴ѪꪻǹǬ¯УȡȡҲȡʵȡֱ͵űɱԽˡ
Ħôˣյľħ󣬴һַŵ
ɫ΢΢һݣЩ˵ĺȻǾħ̳ħ۵ļ䣬ħﶮ˾ųɣȫöԷĻ
ٺ٣һūӻǺߣֵǮǿϧô
ΪĦľħӣһԾա
ʱദԪϡٶң޹⣬ôⶼǺߣߣԪͲˣʱھദͨǸȵı־ΪĦľħӲŻ˵
һѣָʲôܴﵽڣ㲻ˣһħƲƲ죬м˵һֵһ͵Ѫɷˡ
ֻħ̸֮䣬ȫһ㣬𣬲⣬óȻͻʮֲǡ
ԭǰҵūˣֲһʼӳҪҵūһ
֪һЩ֮أϽץһҰˣôҰ˾Լūħ磬ԼΪһ࣬ҰֱֱⷢӵūΪˡ
һ˵Ϊŷ֣ԷڵտҲ˵ûе
ţ߶ǣ
ٿħ徭ͬûбͨĻֻҪھͿԹͨˡ
Ҳߡ
һݣȻ򣬶Էߵĸ졢ľԪϵܿԼһߵ塢һ
ԭˣףΪʲôħ۹ǲƵ磬ѹԪŹֵķ
ħ۹ĵ֮һһħ۹⵽Ԫϵ֣ѹսħ۹һȻռˡ
뵽ԳЦЦΪԼʲôˣħ۹ڵռˣԭԭ򡭡
СӣȰʶһ㣬ҪƤ֮࣡ĦЦţһԶӡ
кһȻվʲôҲûʱͻɱпܡ
תͷһĦ̶ӣŷ֣ټһ̶ӣ㼸ʮ˵ĹģȻֻаĦڵǾħһ壬ȫࡣ
ʮ࣬Ů׳꣬Ҳмߡ
ЩһǷˣٲߣЩߵΪܵͣû˳׽ڡ
Щ࣬߸ųѺͳһƾɵĴֲЬͻɫ·Щ·ϻŲ
һĻˣЩˣȫū
һھħ磬ԾħΪһΪūҲ֮¡
Ǿħӵһ߿̾һȻǸпᣬǺߣȴץū
Ϣʱ俼ǣǷӣĦЩͷ˵
ѹеŭһ̣ѾƽȻȫ֪ħΪȴԴжǵʵϡ
ԲǵĶֻ֣̹һӣָʵ˵
Ħ⣬ʶ࣬ȥĶ˿ϸ㰲Ź㹤һЩδزܰū
һԲĬĬߵ˶֮С
Ħ̶ܲߺһʼ·ˡ
ĬĬ˶֮УߣһϳϺϺ׽Ϊһ˸һɵĴǰƥţЩƽʱֹÿһƥüΪ׳ȴֵøƵģͷϣһеĶǡ
ˣİɣϳϺļݳǳ죬һ߼ݳһ߳ź̡
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514 ʮ
Ҫ˽İľħ磬֪Ĵֲֵʵǿ̶ȣһͷˮϡͿΣա
ҲǳУֻǿԲħƲԭˣƬԭϣ಻ܴɫ·ֻܴ£Ҫ̵ģҲ˵ģħƲԭ·˰ɣ
Ƶ˵ͷȷʵģϲ˵ħƲԭжʲô
ħƲԭͷ˿̻ң˵ħƲԭܿ㣬ССľħٸ֮࣬ಿ䡭
ಿ䣿һҲ齨ô
šеģҲǿߣħƲԭϣΪǿߣдУ֯һȺߣչ׳ܱӻƽ񣬷ţ򡭡һͻȥ
еͷħ磬Ҫܴ½ҵö࣬ʶ󵽣Щ˴֮ΪԴءԪʯȻɱһ䱻ֻܿһҹ֮顣
룬ʵϲ˵ܴ½ô
ܴ½ͷһ£˵ܴ½ʲôƬ½Ϊʥħ½ħƲԭҲֻʥħ½һСְˡ
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ȻԤϣͷô˵Ǹеľܴ½Ѿܹˣֻ΢һǣȻΪֹû뿪
ڣֵ֪һʥħ½ƺܴ½Сٵӡ
ϲ֪ħƲԭǿľħͷʲôʵ
ǿġϺҲǺ֪ħƲԭԴһЩĲУħǿߣĲܻжħħ
Ϻôһ˵һͷˮħ൱ʲôȼ죿
ϺһۣȻôʲô֪ӣϸĽ͵ħһĹ಻ͬħ壬ʼ徳磬ΪħħģͱΪħȻħɵģħħ֮ϣ˵ħۣѾǴ˵ˡ
ħħħǷΪһǵȣҪħħӦʲôȼǾͲ˵ˣΪħһ츳ãǿսҪǿܶ࣬ħǿھħĵλ൱ǿಿеĵλħľħǿߡ
Ϻһϯ˵Ϣ٣ǿٵĹƳħһΪ֡
һħ൱ء
һħ൱ĺ쾳硣
һħ൱ˡ
ħۣ൱񺣰ɡ
ȻǴԵĹѣϾħĹȫͬħҲҪǿ㣬ֻǷԼ⡣
ħһĹϵҲͬһ;ǵ·ǧ֪ȫʢ״̬ʲôʵ
ͻ죬ͬʱʮɴ󣬶Լʵֻһģʶڷѹɱ׾죬ʵֻ൱ڳڵǿߣҲǧҪǿһ㣬ǿ̫ࡣ
ʵϲǰǸеĦħʲô磿
һʣͷȻɫ䣬æѹ˵ˣɱ˵Ħ˶飬ħƲԭū˲ֱӳƺ˵֣Դˣ˵ĳƺᱻȥͷģ
ȥͷ𡭡üħƲԭǵȼɭϡ
ͷƺԪԼĺ̴С˵ĦħһڵߣĦ˵Ķ֡
ħħ磬˵Ҳкڵˮ׼ȴ˵ߣûĦĶ֡
ÿɷЦЦһΪħսȷʵǿҲΪħƲԭ౾ʵС
ǧꡢʮĦҲͲˡ
Ϻһ·̸˽ħƲԭȫϺ׽ΪħƲԭҲ֪Ĳ࣬һֱ̫ɽһ˵ĿĵأҲڵĬԲ䣬ħƲԭֻһͲ䡣
ĬԲûûкʯͷȫһɫЩǰĴö࣬Щʮʮɸߣһ
䶼ǻɫʱֵĹԭһֲçصĸо
ĬԲûгǽȺ棬ֻΧһȦԲľɵդʮɸ߶ȣ˱üģһ㳯գޱȡ
벿֮УɼһɵľħƤӲɫĽѾȻЩħȴֻǿԷļѡ
Щħ࣬ҪôĮӣҪôŲмһ˵ɫħǸ߰壬˵ֻСūĴʶѡ
ĬԲУҪħ󲿷ūҲСƽݣ˵ƽʵǵĵλҲūǿ٣ÿ궼Ҫۣܻ΢Ŀǿά
ƽ񼮻ū࣬Ҫһƣƽ񼮵ϻ֣ūֻбź˵֣ƽʱħͻԱƺЩū
Ħ˳֮󣬸ôĦһųܵеħ˵һȣֳС߸ͲҪġ
ֱһСආȥūǼǵãȥңˡ
˾ħãסĵطƣۡ
õľħȴ󲿷־ħ԰һЩֻоųߣħϣһĵ̡
ĮȻĿ˶ԷһۣôʱȻжϳħ׼ȷΪȴԸݶԷƴ¹һЩǰħһǵħҲ൱ĺߡ
̾ħĿһۣͷ˵Ϊ䣿
ΪڣʮꡣƽĻشϲŭ
ڵദͨЩƽ߿һģһ˵⵶̾ħˣ׾ҲδܿʵΪ
鱨һЩΪ˲ע⣬ʮĺ߾̫˳Ծˡ
̾ħ´һע⵽Ͼദ¶һ˿м飬ָȵߣ벻ʲôǰ;һܵھͲˡ
⵶̾ħǶħΪħ屾츳ƣ̾ħͲͬĺ߷˵ֻкڵˡ
˭̾ħֽ㻮˼ʣʵ
˶֣΢΢üشĦ
֮ĬԲͻѻʯ
ģ̾ħ͵һӣأ˵֣ҲܽеģǽֵūһҪͷǳĬԲ䣬ԼʮΣ


515 ô
̾ħĻɱ磬ɲ֮䣬붯֡
Ȼ뵽ԼڵʵҲ൱ںߣҲʹãܿ⵶̾ħ򲻹˵Ħˡ
һƽеɱ˵³ĬԲ䣬ʵڲ֪أϣܹ
ϻû˵ͱ̾ħֱĴϣһ䲻֪ؾ
̾ħЦһ۾ȴֽϣǷһ̰ĻȣһƷѪɷҿԵûʮ£һ¶٣Ը죬Ǿչأͷ
̾ħһᵽѪɷѪɷ˵ϺսѪɷͳѪɷܶȥѪɷðյ߶ȥŪһѪɷȻȥѪɷʮ֮˾ŶˣҲǱɵѪɷʱϵҲˡ
֮ǰĦڵĵ̾ħᵽѪɷѪɷԾħ˵мֵˡ
ûѪɷޱ˵ȴоŷһ£ϴŵֽǵؽƷȻ˵㲻ʲôǶһĺ˵ȴرˡ
̾ħ֣Ҳһǳ鷳顣
ٺ١̾ħЦûָѪɷʨӿڣֻΪ˷թѡ
ʲô̾ħѾթˣܶū߶ڡڵΪ˵ϵĲƸǵˣȻʵϣһ˲ȡūϵƷ
Ħ˵Ħﱾħų޵УĬԲݺܸߣҼôܿһƽǵ΢ң׸ûʲôȤ
෴ЩūһЩãĬԲūᱻɳȥɼѪɷѪɷſУΣգЩҵڹؼʱסūǵս
ҩԪʯ򡭡ĮȻ˵
٣ҪùиëãֽԼ
̾ħ˵һ֣ܾ
һʲôʲôеرǹѪꪡƷԪʯҩȵȶǬ¯УǬ¯λ̽鲻
ȻؽƷֽΪ˵ͽͲˡ
ɵĻ
ģ㷢ʲôֽΥҵ̾ħЩͷˣѹūϵĶǾħĬϵǱֻҪūҪ˵ҩһǵԪʯˣʣµĶȫȫߣūҲ˵ʲô
һūϵˮ࣬ūһʲСĲƸˡ
ӵޣɱ㣬ֻҪһʱ䣡̾ħʧȥԣվȭͷ΢΢һգָ졣
һժָϵֽ䣬˵öֽ仹˵֮ǧ꽻ģȻֵʲôȴż塣
ģ̾ħһץֽ䣬˳ƾҪһȭȻȴ㿪ˡ
ʲôСӣ㻹Ҷ㣿ӷ㡭ţ̾ħոתħеͻȻһЩŵеֽ䡣̾ħ⼸ֽ̫ˣֻһץоöֽĲ
ǡ̾ħ˲ɴ۾ؽƷֽ䣡
СӣȻһöؽƷֽ䣿ֶĦִ˵ҲǼֵƣ
ûмǴĻĦҲҲһöؽƷֽ䣬ƷʣСϵһö
ָŪģ̾ħƵĶ
һܵһȥժġѾɡ
𡭡̾ħɵĿһۣ͵˵ͨôʵŪһöֽǡ
ٺ٣ֽ䲻̾ħŪϵֽ䣬һ˿̰ĹâʵǵǽϱĦȻһֽȻûԼķˡ
̵ĻһĦ֪ԼԲ˶ߣɲǼٿƷԪʯ飬ƽʱѹЩūˮһֻ۱һֻۣһβͬؽƷֽʵ̫ˡ
뵽̾ħĿ粻ɱ̫鷳ĻԻɱڡ
³˵̾ħ뷨һűߣԷĶ֣ԵһʱŶ
һĻ̾ħϵ׹ͻȻζЦݣ㵹Ǻܴٺ٣ҽöֽ佻ȥ˵ֽһżҵģʲôأĬԲЩǣʱǻԸȥ̸ġ
вңŭѾһµľöֽ˶ݵĻɣ̾ħ̰ᵽˡ
˾ͺðˣֽĶ˵ʲôֻҪܰһʱ䣬ָʵô˵
ߣ㻹вֽҪˣּıƽӵеģȰŴ㣬Ҫ˵ҵùҲĺܲң̾ħ˵棬ɱ硣
ѾƽϻŸŭԵı飬ôδ̫ˣһö˽Ʒֽ䣬ֵƷԪʯһȡˡ
˵̾ħ΢΢һϲɵƣȻһöĵؽƷֽ䵱˽ƷҲѹֽ֣䱾ͱͬ󣬱˽Ʒֽ䣬ܸһԵĵؽƷˣԺڵƽ˵ѾǼӼŵĶˡ
Ūã˵ȥҲĦĹע뵽̾ħ׷һֽһû̫ôȫ˳ӳһö˽Ʒֽ䣬һһöƣЩ̸ҹ
ĬĿ˵̾ħһۣϵ˽Ʒֽ䣬ԼĶתҪߡ
վס̾ħͻȻ˵
һ١
̾ħֽȡһŷֽһ󣬽ֽȼһħͼڣƮϡ
ūĸٽƣȰ㲻ҪܣḶʹĴۣ
Ĭ֪ϵٽ֮ϣܿŪеԭֽƣҲǶԸһµߣûʲôв

̾ħûôȡֽĶӳöסĺ롪Ǿħдɵ֡Ħ
ƣеĵַòҵԼסĵطλĬԲһС񣬿ѾΪƾˣЩطŲȴϴˢĺܸɾ
ǣĴ͸ɵٻɫƹ⣬Ѿסˣ
ţͿһС裬ˮɰʮһСŮ˳


516 
ԼסôСŮ
ǰʮһСſȣߣӣϻŲжһ뱿صľ裬ǰϻžӨˮ飬۵ϣС̣ͦ촽Բ˵ģǿϸеƻһ㣬һ¡ӡȻζ
СŮͬҲǾȣֻǼϢ֮ʲô˵Ǿλˣ
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ѪʯǵͼѪɷкƳɵĻңһѪʯһöѪɷħ沢ūūѪʯȥֻϵùɱˣҲֻҪ⳥ūһЩǮƱˡ
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Сĵ㡣Ŷһ䣬ʼʰꡣ
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ǡ۾ģˮۿдתʮѪʯͷţˣ
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Ǿħʱ۵亹죬־ǯһ㣬ħϾֻħģʱһƣҲЩˣԪʯֻ򣬲ֻʵ뿪ˡ

һ磬ڵ磬СɳԵС˵ģǿĵЦݡ
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СڳԷʱ򲻶ϵĸ⣬Ȼһŵȴ£ÿζ׷һ䡰óô
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һĹȥĬԲʼû֯ȥѪɷſ󣬶һ죬ƺ;Ȭˡ
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517 
õι֮֮УûʱգϹŴ󣬺ľ룬ռ籩ŪˣǬ¯ȡûлջιˡ
ʱѾȫָ˴ƼԪȹ̣Ѿڡ
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ӵٻǬ¯ֻаߴС¯ӣİתţ¯ϵԲطǬͼǬͼ룬һֻɫڸ񣬽ڻȼŻ棬ɢһصϢ
ĬطǬ¯ĵһؿռ䣬ǹѪꪣҩηɳ
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ȫڤ״̬ιⰴԼλá
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ߣԸԼҲҪͬھǲɾҩˡ׾ǰвûзϡ
ʧȥ׾л֧֣ιҲܲסаӵѹܿ챻ֻ֮С
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518 췴
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ǵľ״̬΢΢ҡͷʧȥ˿֮ģôһӾͻҲѽ粽ˣЩ˵Ҫħ䣬Ҳȷʵ޴̸ˡ

һħһеķԪĻ۶ʱһӵĴ죬Ǿħ˵ֱȥ
һ׭Ÿ־ħķģַԪҲסµ߶ѡ
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ħЩԪסļ߶ˣû뵽ȻֽħɱˣҪ췴
ʱѾû˹˵ȥעΪԺֻһͷˣһѹǼҲᱻı˵ͬɱ
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ᣬôܷĬԲȻôĬԳϣƣһСܿģ
ʮǰһģū漰߰˰ˣһʧˣȫǵ˶۰Ƥˡ
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촽΢ԪڷѪʯϣһȫĵطϢ
ͲͣҲͲ壬ǼԪߣд˶¶ı飬ֻ˿Լ¶ϣ֮ɫ
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519 ŵѪ
סλĬԲһΪ۵Ľ䣬ħɱ飬һʱûб֣ٶȼ죬ֻʮϢʱ䣬嵽ūǼǴ
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һĻŮūѾȫˣоղŷһмֱһ㣬ֿȭؽױһȭɱ̾ħǿǰֻ꣬жʮҵӣҪᣡ
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Ѫ֮ӡɢ䣬һѪɫ磡

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520 ɱ
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һûѪɱԭţѪɱԭƽ֮ءʥħ½͸оʥħ½ƽҪ߳
һΪħ츳ڣսʿҲΪʥħ½սҲϣɱ¾֮У׳ɳߣҲǿ١
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չȥ̤Ѫɱԭأǣһ·ϲࡢħĸ塣
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525 ɱ
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һ壬аħ壬壬壬ɫɫ壬۽磬ܴ½Ǵ۵ġ
Сʥħ½ħ嵱ŵһǰħ壬ŵģ塢֮

Ѫɱԭճǡ
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ѪڻǱҩһƷУҲֵֻܹһΪ
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ī˵꣬˻صĸߴ֮УīҧҧĿһۣ첽ˡ

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Ҳȥһ˵
ȻҪȥǾǵͨĵطˣȥֻ֪֮Ƿ϶ѡ֮ǰշѵм˵

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ͨϸ´֣Բ׶Σϲɵĺ֮УУЩʵʵɷΪЩɷڱΣԶԶȥͨ
ͨһ㣬֣䶷ڲṹԶĸӣһ·Сľưɣ꣬ջǼԺӦоС
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һֱߵͨһĴǶƿǶĴţһõϢ
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ħߣײб壬ʱĳУǵıԣǷУطЩŮӣòǣ繫һȴѵֵ£¶ԸеļȻ壬жʺľƱǻѪҺ壬ʮ㡣
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530 ʤ
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ȻԽȭͷ¾ħԪôܸƥаȡ
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ͨó棬˵䶷ҲռһСְˣطʽʯݣųȥľˡ
ͨеͨķתǴҲǷĽȫһֻɫʯͷɣȥׯضӡ
һ·˲ٷˣ࣬в;ħ
Щ˶òŮԣҲһЩǿ׳ū
ôෲˣôϼǳǵģ̲סдһʡ
ǳڵǧɸߣΧֻдִ߶δֻڶֵı£һ·ķ˾Ͳ°ˣӦֻͨмٵһ֣ͨʮ˶ϡ档
ҿһЩæµķˣ˵ͨѾ֪˶ãЩˣǳڼǳǣʼǵֻǱūڼǳ深ЩˣһӲܹǳǣǵĹǻҲŻᱻȥҲǻعǵĹˡ
ԭˡ
򣬼ǳôôߵʳסУ϶Ҫķ񣬶Щ˲书Ȼ뿪ǳˡ
ǳԴţһǻзĹֱ֮ӴϰѹǻҴӼǧɸ߿νǳ鳾
˵һˣڼǳߣҲˡ
ֵ֮ǰ˵Ƥ˵ʮħô£
ҵǳÿôţ漰棬ĵطȻ۲Ӧ˵ԹгĳЩǿߴʮħǵ⣬ȫĳصˡ
Ƿ֣ͨ䣬ֻԱɷ֮ԴɳţȴûЧǣͨһЩǿߣƶ˹ЩǿߣʮħϵħѾ۵ʮˡ
ҳһһĽĿ˵ȻͨǿܹĲƸ۲ˡ
ȻʵЩʮħ;ħ壬ɣ
ԭ˷ܵɫֿɥҲֻ˵ʮħһЩţƺǳǵʮħУû࣬ҲûаˣͰ˵ĵλôҡ
츳Ͼħ̶ֳôԽԽ󣿡üͨʮħûģеƵǣ츳ƺһĲԺȥأ
ҿı飬µĹǣԴĽ˵ֵܣʵ˵⣬츳Ⱦħǲ˸Ǿϣھ֮ܣһոµȥ񺣣ħͲᾭһ̣ħֱӵħۣûɣˣൽԺ󣬲ñȾħЩ߰˴ɲ̤񺣾ǿߣʱȾħħۻǿ
ԭˡһһ;ǸӶ岻ͬӦϵҲͬ
ֻҪа취ֲʵĲܹ࣬жѣĿ˷
ֵܣ츳ֻҪ⣬񺣴ϣҵȣܵڣǴ컯ҸпҪ֪Ҳ˵ʥŮǧû٣ҲһɶѡͨһЩߣ츳вǧ꣬ѾǼޡ
ô˵ʵǲ֪ʵ䣬֪ʮĻǸҪ˵ˡ

ʱͨ㣬һĺʯзһſӣӱ棬׭һܵķ̣Ͽ˸ָӵƣܣһȦѪɷš
ڷ֮ϣһЩζӰϸ۲ܷ֣ӰԽֵȫ̡
ƵĹӰ̣ڻһ֣̼临ӣԼ¼ߣԻʽԭʱĳ
ʱһɫսףݴľħ꣬רעĿǰ任ľ
ͨħǳƺŵǾħڼǳǺպţ⻹һȥעһΪֻڵꡣ
ⳡսѾǿ˵ˡ
ʱһڼСŮŮ˹۾ںڶ۽ϣ׺öǵƬɰ
Ůħ󣬿Ц˵ţо˰˵ооǸ۲۰
֪֪ˣս˵仰Ĭר־ĿŻʱǹԽħԪΧɱ龰
ףСӲǹԽеӡͨһɣȻȥоһЩӵսû˼ôôעԽ
ҡҡͷ
ԽѵСӣŮԼµ°ͣӴŵħԪΧˣСӹҪ˰ɡ
˵꣬еս·תֻһ˲䣬аɱ˹ԽѪ֮ӡƿҫա

ŮסˣƱ任̫죬ȫϣԽˣǸСӮˡ
û뵽ȻӮ˹ԽӦϵڶˣڵڶһ죬ϵǽ֣Զ
ŲûзŮĻֻǻ˵Ϊֻڡ
ʲôŮʱɴԭʹùֵ۾ڻӰϣΪֻڣЦɣôôǿ
ʵˣδر󡣡
ܣŮܽܡ
пܣûô٣ӣӦöʮꡣ˵ź˹Ӱֽ̣䣬һȤĶ֣֮ڳϵĻ
ܶͨһǼʮʱ䣬ӵĸߵȼ˵ʮʵ㲻ʲô
ңͨսÿһܹغ߳ʱȻΪء
ܶ˴ʱ䶼ڵڣ۲촧ĦֵսֱͨΪԼʵ˲Ż֡
Ҫ֪ͨһһߣͨһĽǶֻһÿ췢ǶϵսҲȼٳѡ
ŮŵĻ˺ʤģ˵ͱСΣҵ䣬δػҵʵʱұȻǰ࣬ԶҲ׷ҡ
ŮĻ΢΢һЦûٶ˵ʲôˡ
һ壬ǷҲﵽ꣬ʮȷֻŮ൱;ħʮ꺢ӵԡ
ǰŮ޺ͬħ֮һҪΪСԻĺܲҡ
ǸȤĶ֣ҪɳУڵ̫ˡ


534 ׷
Ҵưƣͨһһװ޺ʯǰ
ʯȻҲǻɫʯɣǽװ˺ʵľȥˣʯݵ񷶥˲޷ʣӭİһ޴ʽ磬ԧĵݺݺŮվ֮ǰԸ欣Ǵ󲿷ֻ࣬
ٺ٣Ǹõطóջ˵
ȳʱ¶Ź֮ɫ¥
ǣֵҪĻҲܡ˵¶һζЦݡ򵥵˵һ߷ģҪߣֻҪѪɷܵһ뵽ķ񡣡
ʵͨһ߷ģģ߲ĻֻҪȨޣл֣Ѫɷʯʲô򵽣ֶϡϣǿԼޣò毺츳ڵ˫¯ȵȵȵȣֻ벻ģû򲻵ģͨǶߵ԰
˵ǰվŵģһʮ꣬ģһˮɫȹŮӣЦӭôղ˵ǵĻأʲôѽ
ٸĶ飬Ȼֻͨ⣬ҲкΪ
ҹһЦ˵ˣΤĪ֡
һҪءٸ˵ţһָֽĿתƵϣӴôƺ
ٸҷҪߣͨһߣʵˣѣȻʶ
ٺ٣֣ɲһˡ˸ӡ
ȻһͨģһˣολôءٸճյЦţķ־
ɲ˵ô򵥡ץٸ֣٬ΪŵɡԽΤ֪ɡ
˵֣ٸʧɫǿЦһ˵ҵȻ֪ǣɨˣ
ͨɲһ򵥵飬Ȼÿ¶Ҫɴ˰պͱѣͨҲֻǱ治ңʱǿһЩֵ飬ͨܣҲܲ
࿪ĵ棬⵽裬оħԷʣ°òŮִͣˣҲֻܴˡ
ɣԽͨһպգΤ֪ܲˣ˺޲̹ͣҵ
Цڸղţһֵܵϡ
Τһ־ˣ˵ɡԽˣˡΤٿһĲ֮ɫͣ಻ʮ꣬ƽôʲôˡ
ǧȷսûʮϢʱ䣬ԣǺǣ֪˰ɡ
˵û˵ȥΤ۾ȴˣͨһʵΪ磬ûʵע۸պͨħһĶţôֻҪչչĵ棬˵Դٲñ۸ˡ
Τ˵㹻ˣ뵽ΤһĻСӣңŸʲôأкѵؽ̳֪ͨŷһòˣֹӵһѶⵥ
Τ˵꣬ЩݺݺŮߴա
ȻˣһڹϺݺݵһѣЦߡ
ۺԵ߷ģԺַָУǸɽѹĵطڸǿȵսУܶߵѹ󣬲òй
ȻһĹʱȴܾˡ
ֹӣﲻ⣿Τڵʵ
ҡҡͷ˵һ侲Ҿˣʳ͵ɡ
⡭ֹӡΤΪѵĿ˿ҡ
ҿЩûʲôȤ˵Ǿˣֵܿһ侲ңǵġ
ǡðɡΤֻôӦһŮ䣬¥
һǳµķ䣬ɫĵذ壬ʯľװΣɫĴ̣ɾģڷеľϣһƢ
תͷŮ˵ȥɡ
ҡŮһ죬΢ˮ۾ԼĽż⣬һΪ֮ɫ
ôˣ
šôȥΤҵġŮҧ촽˵ϸã˵䣬ǹɺξӵˡ
Ҳǰ׳գһĻ˲Ů˼ŮһۣǴ֮
ǳǵЩŮӣûɺ͵λ˵õĽĪڱһ߿ϣѾ߻Сˡ
ڰʲôģЩŮ˵ûʣǵ֮󣬵һ͸ġ͡
Щ֮ģʲô֣ˣ
СŮʮꡣŮɵĻش
ʮꡭСһꡣ֪䣬˼ַɻصܴ½ǧꡣ
֪ôˣչˣӦûðɡţϺߵʱϺħ˵սڼš
ϺħʵҪ˵ԭԤƵǿö࣬Ϻħ֮ǰһֱûչȫܹҲֻΪħ۹
ħ۹ѾᣬϺħҪȫˣ˵ϴһȡϴ°ԸϺħͲ̫ˡ
ЩƷţȻԺҲǽĻϣǳ֣ȫҪСĴۡ
˵Գŵסһ꣬ٳʱĻҲ֧߰Ĵˡ
ôȥ˵ǡ
뵽֪ԼߵúܲΣһ˿й¶ȥ˵֮֡
ӻлָ̧ͷŮ
šŮæӦĿ̺һ˿޵ĸ飬һЩ֮ɫ
Τ˵˵ģġз绨ѩµ˼ֻžԼʵ
ô˵Ů˴ҧ촽š֪ˡ
Ůһ˿ʧɫʣЩ̣ʵЩŮ˵ܸһʵǿԸֺõʮֲ׵顣
ͨܶΪ޴ѹԸЩ̬Ůūĥżʡ
ǿ󣬶ҺƣҲСòҲڣȻѵѡˡ
ڼϣֱܾȻеССʧ䣬뿪֪֮պ˻Ρ
̾һվЩĲ̣˵ɣţʱ㣬Ҫñ˽
һϲĵͷɵȥ⣬ͬʱ˷š
Źִһƣϣֲһ򵥵󷨷ֹ˼ӣѵ£ֽõĹԽɵֽȫȡ˳


535 в
ˣҵ׻㲻ŹԽɵֽ䣬
ֽеƷѪɷٿ֮֮࣬⣬ֵҩҲв٣Ȼ̫ٲûѪɷõ
ţƷѪɷ
ִӹԽֽóһεУ֮Уڷһʺ쾧ľʯ
һƷѪɷֵһٿƷѪɷԽҲֻһŶѡ
ѪɷԪʯ̺ͬ˴ԪʯֻԪѪɷ̺Ԫ̺Ѫɷ֮ھ塢ȶعЧ
ߣһܹʹѪɷû˻ԼѪ֮ǿ
ټѪɷϡ٣ҲѪɷļ۸Ԫʯߵöࡣ
öƷѪɷУʼѪɷо
һöƷѪɷȻֵһƷѪɷ̺ѪɷȴֻƷѪɷʮõһö͵˷ʮƷѪɷ
ȻƷѪɷЧʻ߳
ֻΪһЧʾ˷һĳЩŵţҲ̫ãҲǹԽֻһöƷѪɷԭ
ڣֻЧʣѪɷ׬ʱȴˣӵп޻ʱػ
ĸڡ
ԪѪ֮ϵӿ֮УѪɷϵĹâҲ
Ѫɱԭ֮ԪϡѪɷ֮ȴŨޱȣʱáȸ¼Զ硶ꪾˡ
Ѫɷеľħ̺ɷһ𣬱̰šꪾߵɱѪɷ֮ٺʲ
ľ֮УȵţһȦһȦ뵤γɹԪ
У嶼õ
ֹԼƺƣһ֮ƫꡣ
ħ֮ƫڴѪ塣
ȸ¼ֻƫϵԪߵҲǵһľԪϵɾ֮󣬾ͻԵùϵڵӶʵޡ
ƫڹɱ¾ġꪾ䣬ͻᱻˡ
ܶ˶Ȼȴû취һţһ׶оͲˣĸڶඥѡѧҪ֪׾ھͣͲǰʱΪһסϹħϧðѵΣգϺħ򹴽ᡣ
֪ʱ䣬в֪ãһϵĵѾˣɵģƺѾʱˡ
վĹžžһ죬ʮ࣬еƷѪɷѾȥûʣ¶ԼĶǺںˮлһЩѪ˿һѪζɢ
ӵڵΪһ̣Ѿڶˡ
Ѿͣ˼ˣ֪ʲôʱͻڣħȷʵ࣬ڶʮ֮ǰͻĻ֪ǿ߱Ρ˼ţȥϴ裬ͻȻһһſڣƿš
⣬һСŮϣԴһһģȻΪ֮Ӷվ˯ˡ

СŮһһ˹ˣҡ
һµĺӡ
վʲôôȥ˯
æǴŵġ
ˣֻһ˵û뵽վһټһҹһˣվôȶ˰ɡ
ҲŮ͵ˣܶ฻˼ҵѾǣҪҹ˵֮⣬ˮ裬һٻͱϵģҪڹľ͸ϸˣǷǻأҪ̵ģѾ֮ҲǺܶѾ뵱檵ԭ
ǵһҹ˯費µı֣Żᾪʧ롣
ȥ˯ɡ
̾һ֮ǰΪ뻹ˣ⼫ǳǣһ鷲˾֮ҲˣǮǸǻΤﰲȫһЩԼǲܵ飬Σյĵطܷȥһˡ
ҡֹ
ȥ˯òݾܾĿ˵ֻùˡ
ûȥڶ㣬ڵһڶ壬̶ѾԶˡ
ÿס߷ġ
ƽʱϴϴչˣһۣʮȥˡڶֻһ֮ˡ
һգ߳ģȥͨڶ㿴
ͨڶߺ͵һʵܴڵһʵĹԽڵڶֻǵ׵ġ
һĿ򣬵ڶȴֻмǧĿʮЩ˵УνԻʥţҲóȻԼͬ˽֣˵׼ԷһܹʳƵ۵ĵۼš
ʮʱ䣬ҲͨڶһЩ˽⣬ͨĹأһ߲ýڶ㣬ڶ߿һ㣬ǲһɱˣһΥأͻ⵽ִӵ׷ɱ
ҵĽܣڶڴΪ峿ͨͨ˺٣ʱڴһ˶ûС
һĻɫʯ̨ǰʯ̨֮ϣһСʹֻҪ֤ͨƣͿֱӴڶˡ
ֽȡ֤ͨʱͻȻоһɼΪصɱԼһݣɷɢ˭
ճƬ̣󴫳һɳƵЦٺ١Сӣа֮һŤһһɫļһ˳
ǰӵĺڶһħ壬ͬһͰ͵ĺң˫ۻƣʵ޷ʵڰħֻһꡣ
Ǹ߸ӵģƤڣһ̼壬ʱһζĿƺڴԼһ㡣
ɫֽ䣬ԪתȻΪϵĲͬ޷׼ȷоԷΪ磬ȴԸƴжϳǰһҪȹԽǿöࡣ
ٺ٣ؽţǶߣģǲɱģΪ
֮ɫȹԽǿˣԵڶ
λʲô
һСæڶħſ˵ħߣͷҲǺɫģǸͷ
ǸûȤҲؾ
ٺ٣žܾܻڵġڶħŵ˵˵ţһָһ̵תڰţϣطӵһӰƾոֳӰеĻ棬ոմ߷ġ
ţ΢΢һǵһοĻ̡
Ӱ֮УڽѵңϴΤ˸ոոԼϴ׼˯
ʱһĻɫ߷ģţ˶·ʧ˻һ㣬ΤֱӾˤڵأ֧˼Ϣʱ䣬Ҳˤڵأʧȥʶ
Ǿ񹥻
ɫһʲô


536 ͨڶ
˵Ҫڶ㣬ڵڶˣ㽻֣û뵽ͨһ㾹Ȼһǰ¡ħ˵˵䣬ϵӰһתһɳĴߴˮͰϸŤţѾȫԵ
һĻһ˿ɱ˵ֻѾߣʮʳӶչ˵ģν΢Ȼв
ħע⵽еɱ⣬ٺЦȻҲһ⼸Щ˵̬ұ֪ĵͬģ治֪ˣôɱ
ңһݣ̫һֻӳ֣֪ߣʮʱ䣬Ȼ˼˻֪
ҿûȡǬ¯Ļ룡
뵽еɱŨ
ٺ٣кַܶҲԳ㸽һܼ㣬һС߶ܳΪҵ۾ħν˵ȫļ֪֮
üͷһ壬˽Щ˵طȷʵܳԿΪʲôעң
ٺ٣㣬Ҷϵڶ˶Ȥ̹׵˵̨Ͻ֣
¶һ˿ģԭˣʵôֻˣ
ߣ֪ʲôЦΪڵһ㱬ׯʮϢʱɱԽʲô˲ˣͨڶ㣬Զǵһܱģڶеһûеأ°빦ҲĸˣܻӰ죬һȺžۼһ𣬻һȺǿĶУҲøǿڶУкܶȥʵȴǶڵڶ㡣
ұʵڵڶ㲻ۻ̫ɷֶңõҵɷֲǵħٺ٣ҲЩһǵóѵġ
ר֣ô˵νŨɷҲǴһӶģЦһû뵽ͨ⣬ַȷʵЧ㹻ģҲֶΣ㹻ɷħԻ°빦
Ҵڵڶȡʤ֮СѾʮʤϧ̫Сڶ֮󲻲սһǰʱ䣬ڽս㲻ԡҲòһЩСֶˡģҲɱģֻҪϵɷһʤһսҽ֣컯٣˿ɲôĴܻȫʬЦתһֹ֮ܳΪƵĿ˵ֻͰ͵ƤͶĵЦݣȴּ֮С
ô˵һҪлˣ
ûҽ֣Ծ˽ϤڶĹ򣬴ս֮Ҳ᲻ĵĸһЩôģҲһЩڵڶ֮ҪСЩ֮ǶΪۻġħһջ˵
˵أ
ٺ٣Ǵˣɷû˻սȡңһ취ڵڶ粽У⣬ҲСŮͱһЩѹı̬ħĥɣ
ħ˵ſĴЦֹͨһɱֻ߶ԣɱ˲ڴС
ѹеɱ濴ϲŭ˷ˣͬȶ
ԡħ˳ϵˬ죬ʵڣͨһ˺ѣɱһ˺ףڣȫҸᣬһСֶξŮһغ
ڵڶ㣬ϣҪҵ̫ãħ˷ܵ촽ֽг֤ͨ˴ͷУâһһʧˡ
ޱߣһ·߻߷ģħŪιȥѾˡ
߷ĵŮǶһãȻı飬Ȼ֪ղŷʲôֻǾһµΡ
ҵȴ֪ǸղǱһþ񹥻͵Ϯˡ
ǿµһ˲߷ģ˿ͷ᲻ֱεʵ̫ˣԷҪɱǣֻҪһ֮䣡
ˣԵڶߣ
оɲȫ֪ԷĿʲôʱͻȻһѵ
ֵܣղš
һ֣֣ҽȥڶˣ鷳㣬չһ
˵Ҫȥڶ㣬ҸƶеĲ²⣬ֵܣǲǵڶ˶סˣ
ÿɷֻ˵ûңҽնҪȥһ㡣
ҿȥѾ¶֮ɫҲ֪ǱԨ֮ڵһ㳤ȥͨȻΪ
ֵܣౣء
򵥵ʰԼĶ˸֮󣬱һ̤߷ģʲôû˵ֻʧıӰþò

ӭͨڶ㡣
̤ڶĴʱö̧һǰȻһŮΪֻǴڵӣȻרְĽˡ
λҪȥ䶷ȥأŮһ񣬱˵
أ
üһͨڶأ֮ǰħ°빦
ǳǱʹɷ֮Դƾʷ׭ϵķԼǳǵغڴ
뵽ʵʲôȨҪô
ŮûȨҪֻҪصĵȼߵ֧㹻ѪɷиߵȼأҪ֧ѪɷҪ֧ɱ¾֣صأÿʮ죬Ҫһɱ¾֣һأÿһ꣬Ҫһɱ¾֡
ʮҪһɱ¾֣ǰ󡭡զֻ࣬ʮɱ¾֣һʱ޵µʱõģصֻһѡллȴȥ䶷ɡ
˽밫ħ֮ĶԹ
õģŮɤǳ

ͨ´ϸڶȵһС࣬䶷ҲȵһСֻɰǧڣѾ´࣬Ϊڶܹǧ˶ѡ
䶷ʱ򣬹ϯֻȼˣҪôϢҪôڸԵסǱޡ
٣ȴһſҰѪȵϢ
Сˣ䶷һ䣬嶷˿
ٺ٣ɵСٶȻͦ죬޴ΪЦͬģԼˡħԼ°ͣ۾ѪĹâ
ţɱ嶷΢΢һ
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Чһص屶ôҲ൱һʮѰΪ˽ʡ죬ô࣡
ֹǰܼңֱǰܼҡ
Ȼ֪ɱ¾ֵãһȱҩôҪȥ׻ᣬڶʱڣ׬ȡɱ¾֣һȻʹˡ
һǧƷѪɷ˵͸ʲôˣǮƱ֮οǮʲôģֻƷѪɷƷѪɷġ
ֱƳһǧƷѪɷǺµļҵ
һԿɫ΢Сӣ
ǰ
Ը߰ʱѹȥȻˬΪǮѾˣô˷ҲҪۣѪɷںɱ¾ɲá
׳գôɱ¾֣ڵʱ򣡡
аš
սҪôִ֮⣬߼ս̣һȥĻҲвˮġ
ۼֹе̣Ȩ޹ۿôԳһ£㲻ʵ
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׼ħħ֮ľ磬൱صɴܣ޻Ҫǿöࡣ
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кһЦΪʱȵѹһͷװ㻹ɣ֪ɱ¾ֲҶ࣬͸һ


541 ٴζ
˵仰ڴ˵أȥ
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ޱȡֽеѪɷӸϣһǧƷѪɷ
ţáִºٺһЦӹѪɷʶһɨЦеֿ˶һЩĻִˮǺܴġ
ս̲Ҫôִеʵ
룬˵ħĲҪˡ
ɼǿߵĽȤԶۼ˻˽һ;ħֵսʽҲ
ãһƷѪɷ
һȥںӶƷѪɷ˸ˣڻɡԽģż㹻ˡ
صԿף߿̣Ů˵λȥء
ãõģŮĿУĽǲģҾУҲδֵõֵģѾǼΪˡ
ͨڲռܴλڵɵȣҪߺԶľ룬Ůһ·ੲݵĸͨعˣõûõģǿߵһЩϣҲȫ֪
䣬ŮԽԽ󼸺Ҫϣ͹µ壬Ҳϵֱ
˼ΣŮȴಽͷˣкһɷɢŮŴ˸飬æ˾룬һϻ̳Ͽֵӡ
ͨŮû˿λĵͼֻǸ߼һŮūǶȻҶˣƢŮŻ̿֡
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áӦһԿ׷֮У׹һһ̣Ѿһķ֮С
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һɵĺһ˿һ˿ģǹŨɷʵʡ
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Щռѷ죬׼ۼֽս֮ǰûУôû´ĻЩռѷǽ֮ǿҵԪ˺ѳġ
׼ۼĽֱ˺ѿռ䣿ôۼֻΣ
̾ţЩеСıСֱʧˡ
׼۽˺ѵĿռѷֻʱģȶĿռ񵱳ħ۹ǰ㣬籾ͱˣЩɴͨռҲô׵顣
۾Ŀţһһ飬۸͸׼ۼֵĳٶȣȻʽ似˵Ҫ⾳ͷ
ħ׼۵⾳Уƺ̺һ˾ǹУоԼ궼ˣҲǡ⾳
аԾǻ¼ܣĿǽ֣֪ﵽֵزôֲĻ⾳ǿһۣ־߶ɣ
Ůʹõƺˮ֮⾳ͷ֮⾳ʽ̫ˣģʱմҵĸоҲ̺ʱ⾳Ϳռ⾳岻ǴȻĳŮ⾳Ҳδ̫˵㣬˸еֲǣô⾳ڻͨʽ֮У޲Э֮Уʵڲ˼飡
ⳡսûнӰսеȻ׶ξʧˣ֪˭ʤ˭еΪϧܿô࣬ѾջˣŮӶԷ硢ʱ䡢ռ⣬
Ͻʥħ½ͨռͨʱľĸоץסʲôȴôҲ벻
ռͨĿռ֮ʱ֮һһĻصԺ֮УʱŤо˼ά˶ĸоŵӰһԺС
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һȦȦɫɷ£Χγ˿˿ϢƮڣȫûͷǣɷձܵĹתǽת·ߡ
֪ٴν˶״̬ұ״̬ȴʱ䣬һ֮á

⼸죬ڶǶ
ǻʤ²и߸ߵľǵ֣ʤȡõĵ߳ʤܼʤȥﵽʮʤѵͨĵһɱ¾ô滹˭Ҫսǣ
²е˼顣
̫ˣ֮ǰ˵ħʵǵ͹ܿħкεʵˣ
ħħ֮䣬кܳһ·ħԳɳĹУΪǰΡжκͺˡ
ǿҪʮʤˣĸʮʤ֮ǰ
ˣѵһֻֻõʮʤһɱ¾֮󣬶Ը˵бܵļֵ


542 һ
ͨĹУȡʮʤ󣬻һɱ¾֣ɱ¾ֲʹãҪӮһܽⶳʹã֮һҪ˵Ļɱ¾־ԶתƵʤߵϡ
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ΪĿͨΪ
ʮʤһʮʤһҶʮʤһѹΪʮʤɱ¾ֻۻ֣ǳ
һΣ״ϳʱټ䶷ֻȼˣһǧ֮࣬вϲ֡
ЩˣڴǣйǵʵΪǵ
Цһҵˣ֪ʱ˭ͨδ̤䶷һȱչһ꣬Ϊ˵ǣ
ţһ̨
ʼڰ˳ıǷһȣ˵Ը˲ڻ¡

ڰ˳ǻʤٴ
ʤ˱ʤˣ˲õĳɼ̨߶ǵĹעԽԽࡣ
֮ǰƺ˵ǷųҪսģ˭Ƕǿˣô⼸춼ʧˣ
ڱչɣҲڶǣǵʵȷʵ̫ǿˣ֮ǰʤչ¶Ļǿ򲻹ҲϾǻڶһء
ţȻܶսͷͨ˵һʱǱҪģ̵ͨˣѾˡ
ͨǵһλģܶսɳܣ෴֪ʵȥģǲǱ˳Цİ׳ա
ڰʤ֮Ǿʤ
ʤǾʮʤһˣ
Ѿ꣬Ƿ²й˵۵ǿ߶𾴣οǰ;պôһܣΪۣǰĻ
쵽ΪֹɣҪսûг֣죬ϣҵĶܳھϣҪʧ
֣Ȼˣŵһսܶ˶ţȻչ֮󣬾Ϣ·ʧһ㡣
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ߣҲûãߵزҲɵӣҪҾͲΣҵڴǵĵʮһ֪ĸֳ֣ǵɱ¾ܷ񱣵ס
ţǿ㰡䶷Ͽ϶ۼܶڣܶҲһһ

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·һڴϣһҲŨɷһɷǣ·һ㡣
Ժ֮Уַҵľ֣ʱóеľ顷еļأꪾ漰ʱ⾳
ЩԺԽԽĳһʱֻ̣з·ʲôȼһ㣬һɺ嫵ӵбȫй죡
ֽгǹһǹ̳ǹ·һ㣬ʧ
磡
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ӵԪһȦڣֻһ֮ңˡ
ΪѾﵽڼ£ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ҲҲһƤëˡ
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뷨׺ͶȣȻĳʵڲֵһˣп⸨ʱ䶼ŵġ̾һԷĲʼղ⡣
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һ죬ֻøпտգͣð˲ٺģܲ
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ڵصأռСûϢĵط
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ֻҪѪɷָܵķֻҪ뵽ģӦоСϴԡԷ򵥵ģЩΪйʮƯŮūһϴԧԡΪ档
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ǰֹǧУչֳʵԶһҪǿһʤû棡Ů¶µı飬һţæ͵
֪ˡлȻ򣬹ֲЩ˶ƵƵעԭǵſϷġ
ֽȡһƷѪɷϣСˡ
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ֹӣҪʲôŮɫһ䣬ӿһɲԤС
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һʱ䣬ܶ˶ʱ¶ȤɫƺҪ֪ɽлƫɽˣ
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䶷Ǳ߹أ֪ʮʤûС
ҿʮþȵ顣

ʱ䶷
ʮʤѾʮʤˣ²и
̫ǿˣħѾʽۻˣҲγһܵ
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ʱǿֶ߳Ҫˣɱ¾ֵ׬ȡҲԽԽѡ
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ǷһĨаЦǳֽеĳ

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䶷·ϣͿڷ׷ۣȷʵ䶷УΪŨɷսļҳ̶ˡ
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˿ϹҲϹžħˣʣϹ壬Ϲžħ壬Ƕӵ츳Ϲŷһ
ֹӣս壡ʱһֱŲ̊ϵǣһսս˵ֹӣóսΪǱϹϿˣս£ʵ֮࣡
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ɲΪӣŮ̾һҲȰοʲô˵Ѿ˵ˡ
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ķ֮⾳󣬾ǿ֮⾳㿪˺޵ȭҸԷһ
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Сӣ޶ĶʱһΪſòˣû뵽ʵ൱侲״̬һЩûбʤͷԣϢһʱ
ţҸ޶Ļ־һʱĳ嶯ܿǰޣмİա
ٺ٣ûУҲ˰ǲҲ䶷һʱ
ⲻǸҲҵ⣬ɵɵ⣬¿ɻãղÿսһĻսɲǿЦ飬ǵսѾﵽͨĵһţڵһУҲˣ
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ÿֻԤϵʲôĶ֣ĸȻ࣬ǷУΪòô
ʱһЩĵײУ۾飬ѰҲ࣬ڶ䶷ȱߣԴﵽʮʤѣʮʤϣǿˣΪʱսʤܻɱ¾֡
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548 
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Ů֮ǰѪɱԭ·ī࣬ǣμԷʱΪȻѾϴμʱһС硣
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ͨһֻҪѪɷܽ룬ڶ㣬ҪôһΪҪôʵڣԴӵһһ·
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뵽īϵЦݸʢһˣ㲻ܽãҲҪԷºӡ󣬲ύ
īˡĻһ䡣
īԵī࣬ҲЩŵĿתת㣬Ȼһ
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ս̣ҲҪһЩһɣٱ¥ս̣Ҳڵǿ߽֣ءص׼ۼ֣ߵȼ̶¥㣬ȥɡ
á
һ·¥ٱ¥һоأǰ漸㶼ģľҪһЩʸܽ룬ߵĲʱǾͱһüĿλʾ֤Ҫħϵ߲ܽ롣
ҲϻֱóƣħѾȻû⣬īҲ˵ﵽħľˡ
īͲˣ˫ħǣΪī᱾ʱīȴֽȡһ֤ͨ򣬵ݸߣɨһ֮󣬱īˣŵŮˣҲԽ룬Сﾪϲ쳣ϾԵͼ˵ٱ¥߲ǿǴ˵еĵطʼմһ˿ɫʡ
Ŀīһۣ֪īʲôߵӣҲƽûʲôر𹧽飬֮Ҳֻͨ߼ӵеȨɡ
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תͷһī࣬ȻСһ飬ȻԹԼСˣīſЦѣȫɱ¾ֵ°
롣˶ʱĽ뵽һż֮Уż䲼õļΪ£һŹɫİİΡ
òŮ˽һ裬Ĺ豭ϣˮá
λƷһ£廨裬ѡֲ軨⹤ճƣһζҺȥһõġ
ͷƷһȻˡ
֪Ҫ͵ս̣ǿߣǾħ׼ۣ
ʲôνҪ֮ͨ⾳ʱ⾳ռ⾳׼ۼֻ֣ҪκһԣһҪ顣
ԭһ㱬ׯʮɱ¾֣ϴжһʮ֣֮ǰ׼õһڻʣ߸֣ó̻
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ЦЦ˵Ҳ׼ˣȻΪ񺣣ȴǰɣʵħй֮޲
ţһɣ
˵İǿߣʼֻţδһ벻ﾹȻаǿֵ߽̣


549 īŵĽ
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ΨһһƵԣΪԣñǿ١
£֮ͬУ˭Ҳ򲻹Ҳ۸һʥħ½Ϊ͵İˡ
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ֱ˵ྭ̥֮ǣʣ׷Ͼħ壬߰ɵǿߣܷħ壡
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Զ˵֮е⾳磬һƼḶ́еʹࡢΣղԶһɹˣͻƼɵɱ
ħ塢嶼ҪɣʵħħҪùءɵ񺣴ܣɵ񺣴ܣǾЩˣɵǿߣǾԶԶˡ
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Ҳ͵൮һ񺣴ܣҪȾħ嵮һħۼѵöࡣ
ˣҪɱ¾֣׼Ȥ󣬰ɲ˵ؼǣǿ߻ʱշģ
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ڶߣʵǳǿȴڶһ֮ãͱ죬һµˣȻڵ㣬ȴԶĶ֣ʱһҪССģҪŭ˵ʵѾŵ˵һݶӣǵһݶӵߣ˴֮ʵҲЩѾõ˰ʤ£ڵڶ㣬ˡ
ͷڵڶһֱɱ¾֣ȡԴټȷʵܿ죬ʱۻʵ൱¡
ллīֵָ㣬һȥҶ̸Уõҵһɱ¾֡
ţͨȺ壬ܵĻ̣죬Ҫ̫嶯ˡī룬˵ⷬ


550 
ɷ֮ԴԨ֮ǧɣһ´֮УİĿռ䣬ŵŨʵʵɷ֮γһ㵭ĺں֮䣬ʣС
ڴ룬һս̣ЩѾעһĸӰ֮ϡ
ЩӰ¼ĶͨһЩֵ߽龰һгֵģȻǽֵ龰
깫֣ĿǰΪص۲ľˣΣ
һʮ꣬һŹӿ˵ֱϣһħһߵĴ֮࣬ÿһʮֵϸʮֻ
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ˣΪص۲ڸֵĸˣдŵļһʮħĳ̶ԽԽˣϽǵô
˵Źִĺܣȥʹ߸ͲôᣬǴӰǰͿʼձͨкպħǣѾձˣţħѾܵϣٻһЩֵĻôһЩᣬΪʮħˡ
ߣҰĲСҪΪʮħţħɷԽ棬ԽѻۣǶȴúܣֻҪһɷɢ֮߳ࡣ깫ľħЦ˵
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ħ˵ֽȡһһֱӽȼ

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ͨһìܵļ壬һ棬ֳͨջԵóҩս̵ȸָԴʥħ½ŵɱΪЩŵľۼ֮ˣµѪͨɷ֮Դȱٵķϡ
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һʮʮǼǳǵʵۣǾ졣
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еݣЦˣȤ̫Ȥˣû뵽Ҹע⵽СӣҪˣĿ¶Ϊζɫ̧߳ء
ͨĶϽǣͨ䡢ĵطһ·߹ȥȫǸ־¥¥ű¶ļŮǾվڴ֮ˣ޼ɻŪŷɧ
һƬһװ޼Ϊݻľ¥ϰԳΪڰ¥¥ռһ֮һĳȡ
ȫŮūɤĸ輧ŽѲǧƣϧζɿڵķˡ
ȻҲզ࣬һƻʮϰƷԪʯǺ顣
ǶĶǿ߻߳ṳ̂
ڰ¥еĿ˲࣬Աһ룬ʱȴǱǰ龰Ūһںڰ¥һ֮УһվȥжʮѡģòһŮЩŮȫʮ߰ͣһĴ͸ɴ毺õľı¶ţһűֱİĿ
ÿһĿˣЩŮ΢Цڴ֮еķԱǵķȫǹŵģϲˣŵƣŽһЩһʱ˵ɧźҡ
ЩŮű¶ʵϣǴǴ֮Ҿþּ̣ͨɣҪõһŮūҪǧѪɷҪ棬ֻа׳ղŻļ۸ˡ
֮ǰѾͨĶͻĿȾ񿴵Ҳò̾Щ¥ϰΪ˵ĸ伫
ߵԤİ֮УһŮūڵϣЬȻĽžԼؿϰڰ¥Ůūůţһϰס
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ڷУΧű¶Ůһ󣬽Դ֮䣬Ϊ̫Ѩĸֱչ˫˫ţǴ򣬻󣬻ؿĦ챾ˣһ֮ı飬۾΢УͶĵŲʡ
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Ļ֮ͻȻЦˣԽЦԽ󣬼ЦǰϣΧļŮͶŵˡ
üͷĸһ⣬ܺЦô
ԭΪ㻹ǡɵ˰


551 Լս
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Ϊûȥ㣬ôҵܿЦ̹Ȼӣ˿ηѹ
ЦţϵɷԽԽŨĺеҲ֪˵¸Һã޴ãһַ˺ڰ¥߲֮أ
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ߣһɱһţ䶷ĵطɱ֮ѡͨҪῡܣǲƸԴʮɱŵ鴫ȥĻ˭
ʥħ½˵ͨʼմһЩصɫʣΪŨɷ֮ԴʹԴⲻ֪Ǳǽɷ֮Դ÷ϡ
ͨĸ߲ǣȻϣЩŶȴųְɱһοԣˣ˵Ļɡ
ħǣһᶯǵӥȮ䶷ϳ֣ڹ֮ɱЩɳǱĵˣħˣǲֵܳģԸЩųΪʮħҲͨ
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Щ飬Ȼ֪
ͻȻȻһЦϵɷٺ٣Ҫս˵ʤôһģ
ĬȻѾ˶Էܾ׼ˣû뵽ȴӦˡ
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˴ӡǣҲٷϻ뿪
뿪֮ǷһĨЦݣóһŴ

Ӻڰ¥뿪صԼУȥ£ʯ֮ϣʼɡ
Եɱ⣬ͨ㣬ʵŵһݶӵߣԻսʤĳֻᣬȴУѵΪ࣬Żɱģֻ֮ǰɱľħУѣ
΢һ£벻ʲô㲻ȥˣˮڣս³̨֮䳡˿սľ档
ֽó˰ֵ߽ս̣ȫɵ״̬Ԫ뵽ս֮Уֻ󣬱֮ϸֳ
սһƬһ޼ʵɳĮǧɵĸ߿գһһɫ۵վһ˫ؽ
ӵʮͣһͷĳмɢζΪֻ֮һ࣬ĲǸɵǿߡ
ϴο׼ۼĽֻӰȻܲӰеƣľĸоһΣɵǰȴ·ڿһͨˣȷ豹ľ磬ľҶԷͣҲʮӣ˵֮ߵӳܱôòҲӲ淴ӳ̤ɾʱʮᣬǰǵۼĴڡ
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ĿԴʱǾħ׼ȶˣֳһѿɽ󸫣һħԪһ㣬ΧĿռ䣬ϸСĿռѷ졣
ȻֻսӰǸܵһľ춯ء
İǿߣֻǿЦһֳؽֱϡ
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۾ˣħĽ֣ǿٶȡʤײԶħ
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һĪ׼ۣɱ
ħͰħ׼ۣɰʵڲ̫ˣټǰǷţϤĪʱշԵһ浹սȫŰɱ
츳һҲȻǿ̫пˣɣмܴﵽ
ԽѵĿ飬ȴԽ˷ܣ¿жпᣬֻܿĻᶼûС
ǰУ̺İ֪ܲţ׼չؿޣʱǰһһ
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ô졭ϵĻ⣬ЦһܶԷ«ʲôҩᣬֻҪоԵʵûʲôηġ
ʱùҲս̣ҲһЩʣʱΪţȫܿ⣬ڷĲ֮ˡ
ʱںڰ¥һ֮УǧаЦŶһƤ˵ѪҼǵҪʮʤˣ׳ս˵ʤ׬ɱ¾֣룬ϳȽϺʣ
磬Ȼ츳˵׻һˣδɣҳ֣ӮʤζûСѪ˺һ鿾⣬˵


552 
ҲʵеСˣȻ츳ǻô͹עٵȸ꣬һЩǱˣٳ١
ͨῡɱǽǱв÷ǿһˣҲһǿˣȴϡ
ô˵ȻˣɣҪΪ࣬ǾħĻӦúһ¡

Уһ˿֪飬һ״̬УֳǹһǹһǹĴ̳ǹ֮УûйעκԪ
ĳǹٶȣԭһ˲ͿԴ̳ϰǹǹӰˮȻڣǹٶȴ죬еʱ˶ܿ塣
Ԫü޵ٶȣǹп͸ЩνӴѧĲ࣬ǵ丮Ľ̹ٿˣһһ鸡ǹۡ
ֻǹһЩرٶȣǳǹĹ켣ڲϵı仯ţ׽͸еʱһǹտʼ죬ԭֱ̳ߣǴ̵һʱ켣ַŤ
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Ҿ͡л˰̯۾Ц
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ܸһƷѪɷƷģҪûá
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558 ս
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559 ⾳
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䣡߱ɫˣħԪͬһӿΧĵשֱӱħԪƷˡ
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560 Ѫħ
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ԪĲĳ־սҲаֵܼ֮һʱĸԭ
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568 Դʽ
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νĵ֮Ԫ֮Ԫ
ܸоаӵȻ۾˫Ŀ֮һĿ⣬ͬҹеһ㣡
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ֻѧʦܴԼĴУ⻹״ԴʽȻһУʵǲοˡꪾеɱ¾ͬʱа֮һױ̬ط֧š
ԭΪԴʽܴ󣬿Ϊ㣬һеʵʮֲֿżãԵɺ֮´졣
ĳ˵һǲܸƵģֻԼʽ˲ѧҲаӺа飡
ҵһԴʽȻǲο˱˵ʽһѧʦԴʽǲοؼһǳõĿˣ
һߣԼʽ˵ʽǿҲǱ˵ġ
һ״УȻǴʼʺϴʼԼҲԼϣ
ŵۿۣԼʽȴܷͬӳٷְٵ
ǹ̺⾳ȻһΣ⼸ǰаͣа֮ʵһ湦ǰȻӵɽãǱ
ԳţʵҲа֮һ׶ϵ湦ûвյҪףǸڹż֮Ѱа֮Ҳûü٣Χܷʥصսˡ
ҵĵһԴʽǹΪý飬аΪ棬ȫΪ磬ǹһһУҾΪ׷ɣԴʽ֮ҪΪǹȡһ֣׷һеУһеٶȣ硣
¾֮ں֮⾳Դ׷磬ǹأţ۾

֮⾳ͬʱͨ㣬һ¥֮УһħӣȣϹŵȻЦݣսˣ֪ԼĶô
Ⱛħħ֮һĿڿǰһħ󺺣Ϊӣô˵۾ʱˣŶ֪ҵĶ֣
ͨߣÿҪμһսֿԼңҲͨݸʵţʱͨæֶͨŵģ߱첢֪˭
Ҳͱȥ̽ԷϸĿܣ֪˭ǰи׼ȻǺõġ
ٺ٣Ȼ֪Це˵Ͷ˺ڰͨڿνͨ죬һֲѡ
ӵĶ֣
ȷе˵ȵĶֺ󣬲ҵħ󺺵ġ
һھƣƵ˵Ҳ֪˶Էֵս̣ϸϡ
ħһϲȻȻ뵽ʲôɬı飬˵˿ϵʲôˣܲܰװṩ鱨Ұɣҿˡ
Цĺӵļ򣬡ôҲͨǰʮˣ֪㻹һʵʵʵŵʮ
ͨ㣬һİߣʮߣεΡ


569 һս
ͨս˫İȻһ׹أʵ̫󣬷ȥȻɡˣһ˰սȻħĶ֣Էڡ
ԭͨҲһӣǿΡ죬ʵΪŵһٶʮ
ڶ˰˸µʱ㣬ͨĹֵø߹ʵֱж˸ºʵΪǰʮ
⻹ҪͨרǰʮУʵĺӸ֡
ĵһսֱӰĶ֣Ȼûġ
˵ԼʵħϵЦ΢΢һǿЦʲôʵظһаʽҲ뿪˵ķ۰˵˭صˡ
ΪһЦ΢΢ˣ˵Щûõģ˵ҲҪ㸶κδֻۣҪɱԷֽ֮ܰеһұɣ
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Ӱӣҿ㰡ȸ˵ˣճĻʵ㣬ˡ˵һ٣˸ӡ
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˰ɣһսŸ֣𣿲ô˵׬ˡţ鲻ܰ׼һʤֹʤҲɱ¾ˣһʺ
µ˺ӵ뷨ٺһЦǲΪԼӮˣͨڶ㣬ѪҲôΪǶˣ
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϶˺װǵģȻ˷֮ģ˵ˣҿɲ졣
㻹ǲҰֽеǼΪ飬˵һҲûУҪ֪ҰħЩ츳Ǿħ˵ͬڼߣɣҳһǧƷѪɷʤ֮ö飬㿴Σ
һǧƷѪɷ
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һǧƷѪɷһԽħ㣬Ӯ⿪ۣ顣෴սޱȼѣҪҸħȡʤôһǧƷѪɷң
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ħǿѴ˼ģѹ׾֮һȻϽԼȻӲΪԼҪõħ棬ܽ˽һħ㣬պԸҲа
ҰģΪħ֮һħһλȡ֮ٸһϹϵԴԼˡ
ȥԼûʲôʧһڴӦãȻˬ죬Ҳȴ֮ˣ
һЦӹȻ֪ɫ֪ɫУĻԾͲˣҲǾħ壬ôһߣ
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ӿħ棬۾ʱˣܾΪоͺˣսʵ·ųЩħ棬Ч
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ӳһöֽװӽ֮ͨս̡
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ʱ䣬ͨĹ򣬱μһսܼڵ㡣
ӺҲԣЩ߱չغܳʱ䣬֮ҪһԽǷµıꡣ
ǣһ߲ôһչһ֮꣬Ҫսһڱ꣬ļ
ͨһ㣬㣬սĳʲô⣬ͨ㣬ûߣս
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ӣȻİνϱϵʵٵĿע˺ӵʵΪͨʮңħΪħڡ
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ʤɱֻʮʤۻһɱ¾ֹ֣Էʮʤۻĸɱ¾֣һɱ¾֣䶷һ߸
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ΪɱֱܻʮʤսʤֵĻֻܻһʤߵսǳѪȣಫ
ս˵ѹǾþҲԴݡ
³һ̨ÿµһ죬䶷ֵģмʮС
ڹϳߵʵԼȽϣʱһɳƵЦ
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΢΢üʶʲôǺӣ
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䣬Ŀ˹ϯϵĿЦЦԼ

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УҽǡԴ˺⣬˶ˣҲ̡
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Ϥתͷһ˺Ȼīš
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лˡЩů⣬Ȼ֪īŽύԼΪǰ;ô˵ڵһѣҲһ˷ǳο顣
֪֮Уûü٣̨ϵսѾֳʤˣѵõǣζʵȽϽӽܾˣûˡ
һ㣬ıܻһͨ㣬̨µȹڶԼͬı˳Ĭһѹֵգ䶷֮С
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һ٣ԣд󺧣ȻӲͨǰĸ֣ۿǹ綾һʺҧ⣬ǿԼѹһ
һǹɨţ嵹ɳȥڿһתԪǹ
һǹ̳Ѫ֮ӡ裬֮ͨѪ֮ӡĿӣҸѪǿ۵Ѫ֮ӡҲ
һǹ̳Ѫ֮ӡĸһ㼱ת
ͫ΢ĪʵԶ
䣡
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Цһа֮
꣡
һǹӵסǹȻѪ֮ӡȴͷųħиֱţ
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ӱһһȭҳѪ֮Ѫ֮ӡ
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ͨȻԻʮһӾʵǰʮħǣָǿ󵽺ֵز
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ͨĻ֮Ԫʵÿһ˵ɣ̺Żϵ
ȵʯԱ⣬ȫĵͶ뵽֮⾳С
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ꪾħ۴ʽʺħ۱ʹãۿۣȻˣڡꪾҲĵת֮ǣ֮ռ⾳ʱ⾳֮⣬ΪꪾҵΪҲ
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574 
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깫Ƶ˵һֻԴʽΪĳʽܷӳǿ깫ɲΪԴʽһУΪġ
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ҪСٺٺҲʵŵʮ߰ߵͨ㣬ǰʮߣǵ֮ٺó֮壬ǿľǷһк׷磬ٶȺ͹ﵽµĹì̵Ķܣ˭ʤ˭Ϊʱ磬һ

ֳǹǹбָ棬ֻվţȴͬһ˾ǹһУƲɵ
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̨µߺܿͲ³ٺĴ㣬սȷǴľ˶ٺû뵽ٺھԷشͻƣڿⳡս˵


576 
䶷ϣԷɫˣһǹǹķҵĹȤƺԼķģųƾԷ𣿡
ߣǲǾԷԱ֪Ҫѿ֮һС
ٺеĴصڵϣ˷ϯϵħԪУܷ

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֪׷üΣûУ׷ʽȻԪɺܴ󸺵βƿٺľԷΣˡ
䶷֮ϣٺѾվɫ˲㷭ӿңңš
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ͨ㣬ħǲʵĳƺţҲŲƸ
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֪ˡӦһժٺֽ䣬һָѪа׷ٺʬ֮УһܣѪŷһѪ֮ӡɡ
ڵľ磬ʽѾҪӲᡶꪾˣꪾ˵ֻΪĹԼһѧʽڻͨĲο
ǰתѪ֮ӡ΢΢׻⾳ںϵĻϣٽѪ֮ӡںϵǹ֮УֻΡ
뷨˲仮Ժֽ׶ΣҪѣ֮ǰں׻⾳Ѿʮǿˡ
ʱٺѪɷ֮ҲӿڣɷϴѾȫӦˣҪתֻ⣬Ҳܹرġ
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ֱ֮ϣħ·˹ĶħĶԳڻγɣԽԽƽħˡ
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ħͨȫǰʮʵ
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иһ˲䣬ڳ˵ĿⶼתƵϣ龳壬ħ۷壬ʤһʮʵͨʮ
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սͨµս飬ûƴǡ
ԭҪս龵ڶ֣Լռ˱ˣԱȽɵӮڿǵ˴ù
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ͨĶҲǻɱ¾ֵһʽֻҪ˫ͬ⣬ɶĶͨ㣬Ǹ޽ֵʱͶĶɱ¾֣ǻʤ
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ᣬ뿪ͨȻδܹɣȫˣЩǻµҸˡ
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֮·ߵͷɵۼǿߣǵأѾһܴˣڵ֮·һأԸоĿֲˡ

Ҫ߳䶷ʱһͳ
תͷһסԼһħߣһ࣬ϱһѾ޽ħߵߣһֻħµСŮüĿ㣬ļ۽ǵƬʾ塣
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Ҫ֪ͨѺõľħʵٵÿһɱĹԽʼ졢ӣĪˡ
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СŮһᣬ˵ԺǻύأǺǡ
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֣˵ǣħǣǵʵҪǿࡣҵսŵħǵģˣԶԶڶγգԼһ񡣡
񣿻ǿ֮֡ͨһֱڱչأħǵϲȫֻ֪šᡢĦڭĸ
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Ŷʲôأʵ
ͨŹĲ㣬صԣǾʲôȴ֪


578 
Щأ˽ҲǺܶ࣬ΪдҲȨġ̯̯֣Щε˵
㶼Ȩ룿ʵѵͨһڶſԽ룿Щˡ
ǡҡҡͷЩصǡΪħ֮һͬʱҪͨȱһɣҲԸӣûнʸ񡣡
ͨüһָоˣڶʱ졢ѪƺΪͨĳЩ߲ģ⣬Ǳĳλ¡
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û´ĻһأԲűʹ顣
ŵҺᣬħǵˣѾķͨʵֻʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬Ϊͨ񣬵õıǿʹͨԴ֮·Ҳнʸ񡣡
ջȷʵ̫ˣЩ߰ţҲסջЧңϾֻʮѣʵϣһ㲻ҪʮԼΪߴﵽߵȼħһɵʱ򣬾Ҫ뿪Ѫɱԭˣױɱ
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ֵγգһǰ˳ͨʱǵʵͲҲֹȥһʱ䣬Ǽγ֮·ټصǵʵѾԹˡ
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һ˵лȻԭ
Ѫɱԭȷʵһ⣬ʮͨ漰ľ޶ѪɷͨټԴ⾳֮·ĸɲۺ졣
лֵҸ棬Һ֪ΪҪЩ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣֻԵֶѣҸоָһˡ
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һ߲ܽͨ㣬ܽӴħӵˣǾܳɾʮħģ콾е콾
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Ҳһĳ羴꣬˵˵һֻ޴צӣ泤ƬצҲĳ̫޵צӣ֮ԺʢһʱƷʥؾͷֱ⵽˲䣬Ըָķʽ֮Ѫɱԭͳ߽أͨɾʮħĵۼǿߣ
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ͬȥЩǿҲ̺ŴԪȶֲ̺һЩħĵطʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬һЩĶ
ɫ飬еһְ̬ˡ


579 
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ϧħڲкܶ޷ĶĪ⣬ۼǿҲۺ죬ȻЩ󼰵ģָۣΪЩħӣȥ޻أգҲΪħħ֮ǵϡ
˵̾һһ·ÿÿ󼰵飬֮̾С
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ķΧһֱӵʱ䣬վȭĳҪˣлֽյҸ棬Ҷͨʼһͷˮʱȣ׼ȥؼ
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ʱ䲻ˡ
ʱǱ㣬ʱҲҪģδץʱ䣬һǱþٽ粽ˡ
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οǧʮ֮ԼҲʱֽ֮С
ءӦӵս߻ˣ£һرԽˡ
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΢΢һЦ

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Ŷȷħ΢΢ݣӡ
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ȷݰսʥش鱨սѾûͽˣһܵرչأ֪
ߣԭСӸûбҰ׵һˡڰм˵
ţ̫ƾðģս޹أҲӦһĳûʲôüɵģΪ˰ս֮ۼǿߣ޷̤Ѫɱԭ
Ӱȥ̸̸ԸԼǰģЧʮҲͰˣĻͨǲӣߣ
ڰ˵û˵ȥһ̺ɱѾΪԡ

ջѡšͬУΪҲҪֻˡ
ͨϽǵأŽ룬΢΢һʵڴףٰɼ񷶥ʮɸߣȻôĿռУȴǳļ򵥣ֻһɼʯ͹Źֵԡ
ʯǰ棬һӰˣ˼米һɫһͷ䣬ֶ
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ͷȷˣѪɱԭ˵Ǿۼʥħ½ɱῡǣ½ῡܣĿ֮࣬󣬹ǵۼţʹﵽλ
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絽̶ȣΪһС磬ʵ̫ΪۺսѾ
ԪһСҲԶС
⾳ںϣŶݼףɱС
ʹԪ̸ţһɳƵͻȻ𣬡ٺ٣ⲻǴźôûΪƺԽԽ˰
ͻôüͷһ壬תͷ˵һħߣ߽ߣԴһŹֵȣͷϴźɫĶңٺЦš
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Լ֮ȽϣγսһΣǱȽϲġ
ƣúáƹصִһӣһԪΪܸأͨλѾܸˣǶԷȴǼΪǫûа㲻֮⣬ĽһöƵݽ˷ϣƾƣܽء
γմˣģúá
ڶƣݸγա
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ŶһԵγ¶µı飬ٺ٣ˣõȨޣ˼֪õƷʸء
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ִ¿һۣĽ͵вͬȼʸʸأ֮ܶ츳ꡢʵϢϢأǶһῡܵۺʸַʥޡԼĸƷ
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Ȼʵõʸ֮Щͨ޳ƺŶûõֻһʥѡ
ķӦִµ֮Уԭһˣᣬ츳жţպܳΪͨĴ뵽Ҳ˵ˣУ䲻֪ȥδֻһ˷ʳƵۣҴ˲һĵۼ֣Ƶ֮ɱͬ׵ۼܡ
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ܺã

ʱǰһɸӿֲĿռ籩ռ籩ΧʱҲŤˡ


581 
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ͫ΢ɫĿռ籩ӵ˷ܣȻϴβͬǣ˷֮жһ֮ɫ
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屩ˣ㿪һռٴӦʱ١
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һǹǹռ籩гһһƯƣÿһƶͬˮеļʸһ㣬һȦȦռ籩ʮԶΪռ֮ļҶײڡ
ʼڶռ֮һˣеǹԽԽ죬ĳһʱ̣ͻȻоһа֮
ʮа֮ѹԪŲȽٶעǹУǹһһû뵽˿ռ籩֮У
Զռ籩ԹֻܲһЩƤëֻԼȫͶʱշ籩⾳
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Ƿһȣں˲˼֮⾳߻֮⾳ĻǾ̫Ȥˡ
ǰں׻֮ʱǷֱȥ֮⾳غͻ֮⾳ء
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ʱĿһ״̬ܿȻһ⣡
ĿƣҲһֿԴӿٶȵĸ⡣
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ܵĳ̶ȣǾ˲ˣ߰ļһĵҲǶЩɡ
뵽γе㲻һΪ켶޵ĻζδĳɾҪ

ռ䣬նֳǹ裬ߣХ񱩵Ԫϴ塣
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ʱ׹һڿгӰӣģӰֳ峤ǹսꪣɱ
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ֳǹսϯأ

һʱһӡ֮⣬ſһɳ©ʱ뵱ʱ࣬Ӧĳɼɸ߿ɵͣһ·Ʋɵɷ켶ޡٶؼ޿ܶ첻ϡ
ʱһҵĻζƤһˣ
ŻζγովһֱķҲ˵Į˫ۡ


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ħ˲ɴ۾ͻſ״ֻ̬ԭҪ˵ĺݻȴȫ˵ˡ
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죡ûɣ
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ħȫɵˡ
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ħǱһƵģŷӦҡͷҡûûˡ


583 һ뿪
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ͬսۣ֣ĳЩǧ겻Ϲ˰սҲɵ֡
ҪʤսۣҪоԵΪƣǱսŰ
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ħӿڰŲҲ֪ԷʲôĽˡղųŵΪУ㿴ǲǿԡıԣҪˡһպ󡭡
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ƾķţĳһʱ̣ͻȻһ죬ƱƿһС飬ƺһƽһš
ţֳȥƻơ
һʱ䣬ǵٴ֣һͣ˸õʱ䣬ٴʧ
һʧʱĳ·ǽһ㣬Сʱֻ֮һХһˮͰϸĽɫ֮һ㣬ƿƣֱʣ
ƿ˲䣬һӰӱ忪ƶг˳
¡һˤ˵ϡ
ˣ
˲ڵϣָûˣڻУ˽һ£
ʵǲ׵Ŀֲ
ޱȣþȫǰٶҲڹһ㡣
ֻùƿŻ类˺ʱ򣬳弸ȥ
ٶǿˣԪҲˮһ㡣
Ҫ֪óй磬Ҳܿʮɵͨѡ
ж
֪


588 ߰
һµʱ䣬ȫĺڰ֮Уޱȣȫ඼ѹ֮£ÿһСҪţ֮ƣУһĸо
ƣޣʹܣ۵£۾˾ľˡƣʼ޷ѡ
ˣҪܼįĥ˱ϾȺӶܳסչļįҲ԰ݵĻУ˵ķĻûûйߣֹȥƣ˷˾ǣȫͷȫ֪Ҫߵ֪ƿķԲԡ
־ᶨ˶ʮҲӽˡ
ļʱֲԼǻŻˣȫеԵǰƾһڳ˻
ڼ䣬֪ٴͻ弫ޣҪ֪ɴܣҲĵ̶ֳȡ
ֱܹġ
ָŴֽóһöҩ£ʼϢ
ʱŵľ޴þֳˣֻŵһżõĺôҲˡ
֮伸һԪУԴԴϵĽԪɽ䵽֮УѾɿ˵ľ
ָһֽ֮ȡʮƷѪɷһ̺ԪѪ֮ɡ
ˣϲŻָһѪɫ
ʱ֮Żָƽʱ״̬ӵһһµʱ䣬Ѿ֪Ĵﵽڶ壡
ֻһˣ
ͻڲŽµʱ䣬ں֮Ĳ಻Сô̵ʱͼԽˣЧʵֲһЩ
ϸҲʱ̱弫޵״̶̬ȵѹǱܣټħãÿһϸõ˳׵Ķ
ֵķ˾ʵڷǳܹܣҲپһλѹˣٶʱڲ롣
վͻȻ֣Ӧ˻֮󣬵ħȻǸоޱȣѾûпʼôˡ
ƾһ㣬Ҳ˵һ½֮ˡ
˵ڵĸѾʵʵ
Ԫϵ˵֮еԪѾʵʣ趼һ㣬ϵҲʵ˼㡣
治֪˭ģ˾˲ܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棬ʮǰ飬ٷ绪ȴ֪ΪʲôڣЩʮǰʷѾʧˡ
ΪԼĽеϲʱͻȻһӴѹһѪӿһѪӿ
⣡
ϥأǹ䲻ѹദѣ
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ǣ
Χռ֮ƺŤĿ֮£ռˣ
ѵĿռ䣬γɴռƬܱߣ
ƬܱյĿռ֮УĿռѷ죬ЩüЩ֪Ҳ̽ⲻ
ǾһֻֻҰ޵ľ죬ȴš
Ҳ
һ
ֲ֮Ǽʶˣ
Ÿչ£˭֪ȥʲô
ƴǰܣѧǺεȾޣʵֲҲпգ
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һʶٴ֮г֣֮гһ΢Ĵ
֮ǴԪƬ֪ʲô
ԥѡǡ
֮ʧ
ţտռ֮УռƬʼŤռѷͬһζĿģ
ʣԪƬҪģ
ռѷг룬㷢ʲôѷҲˣ
ԿռƬΪ֮лвϱ仯Ŀռѷ죬ǺεֱʣͿֲ

ʱ⣬Ѿȥ˾ʮ죡
ʮʱ䣬īţҲʼӿһɾˡ
ȻԸţǸˡ
ԽѶԽ󣬰ս۲ŵʮ죬ȴѾʮˣۿҪư죬
أһڴĹţ΢΢̾Ϣһ
벻
ҡҡͷתȥ
ΪеϧȻ츳Ƿȴû˿ļ֪һͬһʱһ֮£ȴΪһĿ׷ϣҲܴٽԼߣ򿴲߷壬Զ֪ɽ֮ɽߵʲô̶ȣƱӰԼ۽磬
ȻڣˣĿҲʧˣڼһָߴʤĸо


589 Σ
ڴԪƬ֮ڣ˫ۣ²ŽֻǾ޴ѹ֮£Ĳûô죬Եóز
ռУ۾Ѿȫûˣռѷ죬ƾ۸Ϳ
֪Ҳ΢
ΨһľԿռ䷨⣬Կռ֮ա
ÿռѷȻƽʱͿԸоռ֮Ĳֲˮһ㣬һȦȦϮ޵С
ÿʱǰܿռѷи
ʵ裬忰ȱټĻԪڿռѷǰҲֽͬһ
ಣ
һϽɫǹâ֣ͬһ㣬˿ռĿռϱ֮ϣ
꣡
ǹâըѣռϱֻ𶯣عƽ·ʲôû
⼸ϵĹռϱڣʼδܺⲻͣϢĹУԿռ֮ڲ֪ļ
ʱ͵һ򴦣׵һѪ걬Ѫոճ֣ͱĳ˺ɺɫžһ֮С
д󾪣弱˳ȥ
ұ߼˺ˣ
գ
ͷ亹ڸղţĹʱһֻֽƬСĿռѷϢĿСռѷ죬Ŀռ֮ʵ̫Сˣټַģ֪ûܲ
ССһöռѷ죬˿ֲƻ
ҺֻǼ򣡡
巢ħ۹żʱĿռѷ컹ûôֲ
ʱЩϴܣڲƵеʱ򣬶Կռѷ첢ôɵ
ΪԼڵʵȻȲϹ֣Ҳ̫࣬ǸղֻһСֽƬСĿռƬͽԼļȫ˺ѣ
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ħ۹ǲƵѾӽˣռ̫֮
෴еȶԽȶĿռ䣬ռ֮Խǿռ֮γɵĿռѷ졢ԪƬԽֲ
˭˵ռ⾳Ĺǿ
ȫտռ⾳ռ䱾Դһ˺ѿռ䣬Ĺ˭ܵ
ȵ֮ŤĿռ䣬ȹޱȵռΪָж
Ȼǰĳʱģڿռ֮еϸСռƬռѷԽԽˣ
һʼһ߳ĳ߳Ŀռѷ죬ڶֻֽƬС
ƬǴֱ۴ȣĳǿԭסǴܻ࣬ɹؼʱаӻħ᲻ᱣԼ
ϸСƬԽԽ࣬ӦҵĹġ
ԭȹ̵Ŀռ䣬Ť飬ټĹϸСռƬԽԽࡣ
ħѹٴˣ
ʱħٶǿѩϼ˪
ٻ֪óٶˣԲϸСռ֮Ĳ
ͺñȣһǹֽ֮УͻȻģˡ
ˣ
亹乣ʧȥ˿ơ
ʱ䳬һ֮ڿʼԼΪˣ
ԪƬƲϸСĿռƬʤ
Ӵѹ£ٶҲԳʱ䱣ˡ
ѷԥˡ
һһֻܽһΣջ޴ʹ뿪ʵЩᡣ
ǵزһСģͿ棬ޣУЦɿˡ
ȻռƬĸ֪ʧʱɫˡ
Ȼѷ¶뿪ˡ

һ¸֣âѷĽ֮Уģ
ţ
ɫһ䣬ĸоռִͨͨʱĿռ䣬Ȼˣ
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Уѷ˷ɻңţâʧȴվڿռ֮С
ͨĿռ䱻ڶ˳ڣѵǡ
תɵӣһ㣬ôģֻͨĸ߲㣡
ռ󷨣ͨˣ󷨣ϹУҲ㸴ӵˣ̳ʦļ䣬Ҳв˽⣬ڷɱҪóס
кһɱơ

ڿռУռƬĴ裬ռƬ˴ײ
࣬ȴʮ֮
ô죡
򶨣ҲЩ
ȻԷռв˽⣬ȻҪƿմ󣬾һ׵顣
Ҳ˵ûаƿаգҲҪһǾӵͨƬռĴ
˵Ȼǲܵ飡


590 עһ
ֻһƿ֮Żֻ֣ͣݵʱ䣬̶̵ʱ֮ڣҪƿմ󣬸ʵ
뵽о
ϸСĿռƬʱʱ֣Ͳȫ㿪ôȥɣ
꣡
һ죬һһöռƬĶɹȥˣ
ĿռУֱӽĶѪ
ƬȫûвֻǲŶɹȥһռ֮˶ѣ۾Ļ룡
ô죿
תͬʱʮ־Сܡ
ۿǼϸСռƬʧڸ֪Ұ֮УͻȻԺһǬ¯
ˣǬ¯ڲ̺Сǧ磬ԽеǬ¯
ħ۹еĵһر׶
ֻܴǬ¯ĵһأ㹻ˣ
ٶٻǬ¯¯ǣֱӳ˽ȥ
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꣡
һ죬Ǭ¯һһռƬײǬ¯¯ϣ鿪
Ǭ¯ֻһ£˿δơ
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һѾǬ¯һؿռ֮У¯ǣһȫܱյĿռ䣬
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ΪֹǬ¯ûȻȹЧ
ħѹڣֻǼһЩ
ȻǬ¯֮УܹĸоħѹֻǱ˴롣
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ϸʮͨѪɱԭħӣǱħ۹ֲżҲ˲ɱʮǿߣʮħƺţʵھʥħ½ָаԼǧʱƿȥħѰԴҲһ棬ʬ޴档
˵ħ۹ҪĶ࣬ǿ߽ȥоųϵĸĳ
Ͼħ۳ħ۹ʱ򣬻ûзǿҲħеǿ
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ſռƬײǬ¯üͷ塣
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ƲԪƬͻزȥˣǬ¯еѹҲڲϵǿǬ¯˷ʱ䣬ֹֻʣ
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ĬһҧҧֽͳһźɫԲ飬ħ֮ǣ
մŵ˵Щǿߣۼħ֮ɵľ
ڵ¼ʮһ㣬ħЩŨʵʵƾõʱһȻĽᾧ
ֽᾧԴ֮𣬱˵ʵˣħǿ߳ħƿаħ߷
ȻҲ壬ǼΪ˷ѵħ߶ôݳޡ
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ҲľԪϵ˵ħ֮ǣҲýյ֮С
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Ȼ˰Ŷݼ׵żҲ൱ڰ벽Ŷݼףͬ벽죬벽һ˵ֻһ㣬ˡ
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ҧҧԪע뵽ħ֮УԪ룬ħ֮ǾȻ𽥱ӹαòƬ֮󣬾ȫҺ塣
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ָһ㣬ɫҺһΪһ뱻ſȥһ֮ţ
ɫħ֮ǣڱ븹УȴһƬȡ
֮ħ֮ǣҲͬ˻һ㣬ЩɫҺˮкأ޿ײ롣
ܿʹƤëµš
ħ֮ǣǻҩʵ޷ʹá
ʵȻԶ죬˵ʹħ֮Ǻ⡣
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ǳͬԴʱħ֮ǵӿ֮ǾΪһƣ̼䣬о·ðˣƺһħȼգ
ԭڵϸʹѹ״̬ʱͻȻǿڵһЩϸֱˣ
ۣ³һѪ֯ӿѪ
ˣ
ħ֮Ŷݼױͻĳԣħ֮ǻᷢʲôͲԤ⡣
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Ҫ˫صѹ
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ĸоо·˻һ㣬֮жӿ
ҽʣҪǿаաе֮ѹɿȻκڵԪԭϣԵøġ
ۣ
ֱ֮ϣһѪѪӿ֮뿪ԪıȻ˲䱻ս·Ѿһ¯һ㡣
ԽԽ꣬ԪȴĵüϾҪгʧصƣһˣܱܿȫջ٣
͡
·ĩұջٵ졣
ȡÿʡ
ץԼĺо֮ͬһ㣬ȣҲӵĺ
ѵֽ䣬ҪȡһЩˮȻȴһ˿˿Ķ
ǡ
ǶóһһУ˿˿ĺ⣬ʹзʹΧһ˪
һһ绡֯ɵļӣڼ֮УƳ񵤣
ԿŶݼ׵ʱ񵤵ҩڿһ̷֣ˣʣµģӡ
ѾСһȦ񵤣ͨһӨӨĺ⣬֮Уĸо̺Ŀֲֲ֮ɣϵϢ·Ѿһ㣬Ϣ֮У
ļǵãöҩͶ̫ԴȪ֮УֱӰ̫ԴȪˮ˱硣
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ֻǿͿʼֱӽӴֱӱ˺ѿ
һ䣬һȣˣ
ͻȻһҧͷ˽ȥ


591 ͻƣŶݼף
ΪҪټϡĵرƶɣǱħ֮ǸԵĻҩ
񵤵ʱǽҩ̫ԴȪգһֻС롣
ˣҲ˫ֿѣʹ̹ǡ
ڣѡֱɣʵ֮ǰ󾫽ɹؼڵ֮
ʱ񵤣ɱΪ
Ҳûа취ˣôȥԪľʱľȻħ֮ǵĿٻ٣
񵤣Կħ֮ǵĿ񱩶ͷѡ
עһƴһ
ȫԪת£һҧ̷˽ȥ
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ţħ֮ǵ֮ײһ
ӵĺȵĻ棬ʱʼ˼ҵײ
ԭħ֮ǵ񵤵Ķ֡
Ȼħ֮ħͬԴںһȴ൱
෴񵤵ħ룬ĳײ뽫Է
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ǿ׵Ѫ֮󣬻ΪѪȴսĺۼ
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ܿеһֻ֣ҧԪתǳײսŲƵţ
һһɫ·һ㣬ŷ˼ҵײ

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ֻǰһڣ巢ûУȫˤڵϡ
ѪǼ˿ѵɭɭ׹ǣϡܿɫĹ衣
֮ŷ츲صı仯ȻҲûԪȥɱֻŰս
ܿ죬ѪһСֻ̲ͷԽԽأҰģʧȥ֪

֪˶ãĵתѣһ΢˵
£ûһʹؿ֮䣬ʹԪһգһһζû£ָͷûˡ
Ŭһ֪壬Ȼ֣ڵħ֮Ǻ񵤵Ѿʧ֮䣬ڵλãѪѾ³ѵĹҲϡ
š
ˣ
ʶһ㣬˺һЩȲʵĸо
ţʮɴѡ
ֻǿһ˴裬ǿţ̷ƵҲֻżѡ
ħ֮壬ţҲֻһԡ
û뵽ħ֮ħ϶Ϊһ񵤳ײ
棬䱩ŰŬ»۵ţ߼ҵĽ棬ﱬһ忪ŵ
Ҳζţʽ˰Ŷݼ׵徳磡
ȻƻδȬѾܿԪ׷׻۵Լ֮䣬©һţһԪУ
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ս֮УҲԼٶȻָԪ൱ڣʱ޿̲ڳԻָҩṩޱȣҩԶ˱е
ĸоЩԪԼ֮ڸɺԵľһ˵ٶȻָš
ԭָˣһĹоˡ
ϵϸС˿ۿٶϣؿƽǵˣҲģܸо֯
һ֮ԪѾָԽܵˮ׼ϵϸС˿ȫʧŴ˻ָһ롣
ʱŴ˺˰˳ɣԪָ۷״̬
ôصĻϢټϳԵҩҲָܻô졣
嫶Ԫӿ뵤ֻõȻһ𣬷·ʲôھҵ壬Ȼ֣Ѿﵽ
ֻһ
Ȼܶһһӣ˵ȫ⡣
ĸѾʵʵһ˳µ飬Ͳƿһ˵
һˣΪٶȣԼԤơ
ڵʵ߲̫󣬿ǴͲͬˣеԪѾޱһʵȻͻͽ
ڣʮѣʮһ֮ǰ
Ҫ֪ǧҲǶʮģһֱ뿪δٶȣƿֲ
ԽͻǱԽ󣬶ʮһʮֻ꣬мʮķ˵Ҳõʱ
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Ұ֮У·һЩǳ
һŲһĲԽԽĿռ⾳֮ѾƮͬȡ
ռѷ֮ļ϶խĸͨȻһ̤ǰʱ򣬿ռ·Ťôȥˡ
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а֮ŷ֮Ѫȼգ嫵Ԫɽһ籡
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սƣ׻֮ӿǹУִĵ绡˸ƵĻȼգ
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磡
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һ죬ռҵ𶯣Ƭ䣬ռϱ֮ϣһۿɼѺۣ˲ʧ·ûֹ
ݵֻһ˲Ѻ۳֣ȴѾԤʾţƿԪƬֻʱˣ


592 ƣ
䣡
һǹһǹͣĹ
ռϱھҵƴһֱʧͣݵļϢʱ䣬ٵ󣬾ɵδʧµƱѾ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ
Ĺ֮УԿռ⾳⣬ҲԽԽ
ܼһʱֻһ죬ͬһ㣬ռĹ³ױˣ
ſռıĿռ֮ӿĿռƬûʧϯڿռ֮Уγ̺ռƬĿռ籩
ƽʱĿռ籩ֻǵĿռ֮γɣȻͣʵ㹻ֶԿռ⾳к⣬Ҳܹڿռ籩ѰԱ
ȻһΣռƬҲ˿ռ籩֮Уֲƻ֪
ģоƬռеʱҲŤ޷Ӧʱ֮Դһʬ޴棡
Ŀռ籩ɫأ֮Уȴ˸˷ܵĹâ
ǿŶݼ֮ǰȻҳռ籩֮Уǵɱ
ȻڣӵаŶݼ׵ͻսƣղƿռʱûˬ
ƿʱı仯֮ԥĿаֳ֮ǹ˿ռ籩֮С
̺ʱ䷨Ŀռ籩Ȼһµ뿪ռҲ޴̸ˡ
ոսռ籩֮У͸о˿ֲ˺·Ҫ˺һ㣬һռ籩ΪֹҵĿռ籩
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ʱ򣬼Կռ⾳ǿܹĲ׽ÿһöռƬڣҲûȫܿ
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ΧĿռ籩ȫһжϳԼһֱԭֻǿһֱ
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һָָǹǹâ˸ֱӽħ飬˾ɷע뵽ڣϵĵڰ˵ħչ
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׷硢׷աУ̥ڡꪾе¾֪ģѾںϣ촫еʦˡ
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ڳҲɵӣǿóڰء
СӣѪɱԭĻʥħ½ħ;ħĻλϯϣڰԼĽָɱ¶
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Ͱնͬʱʱ⾳ɺϣúڰɵɾΪʱ⾳輫ߣֳɾͰɣ֮ͬУ档
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ߵԪޣ߹еʱһտʼ̽Żᶯģһһ似ĵһԪΪ棬ѹ׵ɱﵣԪҲ顣
һɽսҲͨĸһԪսֻȫʢ״̬߰˳ʵˡսĻʵ༫󣬷֧


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̨ϵγգͻȻһĸоԷֻվţȴƺһεɢߵֱͬѹȱе֣ʵģѹȵѪɱΪ档
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ʵϣǻԶԶ͹˸ղŽֵļΪǲս顣
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֮һֱʳƵ۶δս飬ħ塢ˡĵۼǿߣꡢ־ƣЩûսĴڡ
γյνս飬ֻǴӵۼǿ־ģԼģܳɳߣˣڵۼǿߵĶӦµļӹɡ
Ȼ˾ƵһιȴȫûκγյĿʼˡ
ս鶼ˣ
ʱֳǹǹֱָγգγյɫʱüΪѿ


604 ô
ֳǹǹֱָγգγյɫʱüΪѿ
Ĳõսֶս飬ǿһѾóȻʧˣٴȥѾԤ
ΪֹҪңγֳֺڽҧ˵
㣿ЦˣڿЦ𣿵ҳսʱ뵽ǱңʱǾ͸뵽һˣ֮սˣǻӮһ̵ΪֹôӮˣҲҪ㣬ĵô
Цһһǹǹ֮ϣâ潻֯
ҪΪ㣬ӵ֮·лõս飬ƣγ۾һ˿ߵγһģûث֣˵
ս飿Ŷ΢΢ԭǸս飿ƺЩӡˡ
ħм̳еƬǲȱȫϡҲһЩսļ䣬սⲢΪߵ⾳
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˵һ飬ս飬ҹȻʧֱҲùҲ汳γ˵֮䣬ɫֿ֮ʼȼջҰɫĻ棬ԽԽʢֻǿо䣡
γѾעһˣеսȫ
Ϊ⣬ǹ£ǹֱָγյʺɭɭɫǹ⣬˻˻ĵâ
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𣬼Ȼˣȥɣ
һһǹ̳׻֮⽻֯һ𣬹磡
쵰ִҸͬھγһַ֮ɫȼգս飡

γյĺڽ֮ϣҰɫĻɽһŤ˫Ѫܱ
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Ҳһγȫʤ
ڳһƬѻȸ޼Ъĳսս󣬶ҿӣȻ˵ˣԻ
ħеˣ֮ǰǽ֮·ʵѾԭû˿Ϊ³çȻĽȴʼδȫɱ
ստʼʱ˭뵽ͨʵֵز
ֲҿٻɵʵԪൽ޷󡣡
սȫħǣγաĦڭһһֻ˵ˡ
һЩƤˣĪ˵ǶǶ˵Ҳȫʲôһʱͻָˡ
Ƿޣʥħ½ʷϼصĵһţΪȵʳƵ֮ǻ˵ã
˵ɼɣ֪˭һ䣬ڳ߶˵ˡ
ڷʳƵ֮ǰԲԷ׺ͶҲ壬ʵҪʹ۷ǹ޵ĺܡ
ǹƽģڷʳƵ֮ǰҪɣĹŹأʼߣҲʹãǿߵĵҪСöࡣ
ȻӦģһɹɣܣǿߵʵͻͽܶɰɵĻʵԶ壡
Ѿǿ̬ˣҲɰֻ֮ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
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ǷȻ㿪ս֮壬ʵֲͬʱ侲ͷԣڹؼʱѡǡս
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ʯĽ֣ڰֻûκλԪײȻڳȫִĸо
ղŵĽȻֻ̽޷ļսֻﵽ̶ֳȣ


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ҪǣΪڱȫҲ޷ɱڰǿܣҪɱڰҪһ

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ڰˣ
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ԭΪƾеսսֳʤɱԷҲ̫ܣһջһ䣬һʤ
˭Ҳû뵽һ̣ڰһǹɱ
ͨһֱߵĴʣ߸ϣַ־Υ棬ǿƵĺڰϣĳֱ췭ظ
һֱڲ׾һʼͱȫʵҲѹڰȴ̡̣Ϊһ̽ڰһǹɱҲ˵һʼΪɱڰսģ̫ˣ
սǿö˭ʵʩǸʵͬҲûԭȺڰֻǿһߣʱƣڰ״̬ս»ȴһְֱ˾ųɵʵֱıֱˣ֮ǰս
һʼǻΪ˿Ħڭγյĳսɽ˻ɱȻ⻹꣬ڻɱ֮һɱ˺ڰ
һʼƶսΪȷɱڰϧԼˡǿʵֲ츳˵侲ͷԼսɱ󻼣˿ֲһˣʮ䣬֪պߵ̶ֳȣ
ֳڿʳƵѾҪǵˣܲܽͷȥܾɣܷΪʥħ½һǿߣ
ʱȺۣҲܳưԴ½ϾŽĻԵǱԴ⡣
ɱڰˣȻ˵䶷Լս֮ۻɱ˭ͨĹأǲưոݣսǵȨ
ҲһʮĹϵδغһڰʮһֵԴȨͲƸһݡڳ߷׷۵ʱͻȻȥĺڰϣһɺɫɷڰлһͷĶħħԳʮħ
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ǻΪܻսУû뵽˵Ĳ˼飬ɱγյˣһɱ˺ڰΪ֮һ
ǿǴ˵еĴڣͨһ㡢ߣûκοܿڶͨķ˵ͬһӶܡ

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ħ֮ħмҺŨ꣬ʮ۶ɣԶԶѪɷܹģκ棬ħ֮ǿ԰ħǿ߳ۼƿһϿƵЧʵϣħ֮ǵļֵҲȷʵеһȡ
ȻѵãϾֻħҩ԰Ķħ۵Ҳֻһǿĵۼǿ߶ѡħ֮ǳħӣħصĴڣԶԶħ۵ܴ½ʱܹ֮ġ


610 Ҫô뿪Ҫôһս
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뿪ԣԭΪҲѪɱԭõʱ䣬ֻѪɱԭ£֮·֮Ҽ뿪òʵѪɱԭͻܲǣҪ֪Ѫɱԭɲֹһͨʮһơ
ٺ١ЦˣǸҪҲܴӦҪôѡ뿪Ҫôҵһս


611 
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612 µΨһ·
ħҲаȻʵ
ٺ٣ʥħģħܹɷħԽ࣬ɷЧԽãȻԱʥкôʥһǰˣֻΪ˴ɷŨʥѡڳ˯״̬лָʵһ鱾ʥ¶֪ʮħɾԲܴʥָָʵأˣħɢ֮ǰļĻ۾ȫˣ
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ձ뵽ħռˮ׼һϹʱҲǸˣ˵һϾܸħۣӵġ
ݵϹԼ꣬ͷħȮħʥ޳ɽղĴ壬屻٣걻ħ֮Уλһֻʣµһˣͷһͷ
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ħ˵ָܻձ뵽ħռʱˮ׼ȻȱҲ൱ˡ
ܶԸڴʵ˴εĻνɽˮˡ
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ٺ٣ʥȻ岻ˣûй껹ڣЩֽŵģ硭ǩԼʱ򡭡
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һЦҲħĴ꣬ˮڣ˵ԼһԵ

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ĿѪһۣĿмѪ볣죬ʵһ߿ܰˣֻҪһͻΩǴӡ
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һеǿصĴڣûκɥ֮Уеֻޱ߶־ս⣬Ѿ¶һֱߵ۷壬۷ķ羰ʲôӡ


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֮־ӣ֮꣬ٲ𣬼ܣҲδɣ԰ֻأҲδ㯹ǵۼǿߣʵԶԶ㣬־㣡
һǹɱȥ
䣡
һİֱӱâȻ־ٵһ̣Ȼеǹ
ΧŻǹһĿĻߣһǹ˹壡
Ѫɽ
һ̣Ѿʵ磬˵ˣһΣ
ʹ亹죬һѺ̱ڵϡ
ֽͳһöƷѪɷʼϢЩ죬ÿһ־оĥ£ʱ֪䣬־ǿѾˡ
ľ֮Уħӳ˯˸˵СӣҲ̫ˣôȥ־ܵˣɫ԰ûаѪɫ־͸֧ıˡ
ħ˵γ֪ھͷ·ǻصʱڣ֪ȶˣǵʱΪͻڣòƴ
ڣͬˡ
ΨһȹȥõĵطǣԴ㹻࣬ǰҩò
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ǻɱγաΪͨħ֮γոͨڶĸ֣ҵ׷֮
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һöҩ븹У̸оޱȵ꣬ԭƲȫ־Ҳڱ޸š
ħΪ츳壬ǵ굤Ҫĸ̫ˡ

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֮Ѿغϣƴɱһǧ˰ٵսն˹һֻ첲
죬һ̹ǹǹһʹǹһǹ˹־
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ڹ־һɲǣĲ־˾־֮Уֻһֻඥһůڵĸо·صĸӹһ㣬ޱȵİˬ
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һ־ů֮£ٵĻָš
żʮʱ䣬ǹůʧȴоԼǿ࣬־ǿٴηԾԹа־֮󣬻ܱϵ
ɱһۼǿߵ־ͻ־֮ȥ־֮ԽԽ࣬δؾͲս顣
ţһ̣Ѿ˳־硣
СӣӮˣħ⾪֮ǵһۼǿߣһµʱڽ֮ܡ
¿ͷѣ׶ˡȥսĿԺܴ
̬ħ⹾ò¼λСųߣֱˡ
ħ⣬֮ǰ˵ɱӵսĵۼǿ־ôҾԼս飿
ħԻʼ磬˵ʥһ˵Ըߣ˺ãҲ򣬷֮ɱսۼǿߵ־Ҳûãʥȥ˯û±ˡ
ħתûľ֮εҡҡͷ
ʱ䣬ÿ춼־ɱжȹ
ɱڶۼǿߣԷͬûսͨۼǿߣΪҲһǣƴˣܡ
ĸ
ԽԽǿȻÿһƵ־ɱ֮󣬶һӿ֮У־ꡣ
ʱ䲻֪ţɱжȹµʱ䡣
һ죬̤һۼǿߵ־֮ʱȴȻһ
ָоĪǡ⣿
־Уܵһɿֲѹƣʹ־
ֻ־⣬ѵǡħ֮


621 ٻ
յ˵ħΪֱ֣ͨʮħɱԼ֮ͨ·ĵ
ɱʲô֪ȫλľѹƣ䶯ھԪת֪ȫѹƵֻ۷״̬ļɣԽѹƵԽ࣬ʵߣֻ̤ͻᱻֱӱѹ֮ͣҲԭ
Ȼֲֻʵģ־֮㲻Ч
ڣ־УܵħƵȫλѹơ
̾뵽⼫пħеĵ
һͨȫܻõȻ֮ͨǰѹƣ
û´ĻѹֻԽԽǿ
뵽պҪѹӵսĵۼǿߣʱоԼˣ̫޹˵֮·ֻҪͨͿԷʳƵۡ
־磬־ûΣӵеһ١
־־У͸ʵһġ
ڣڵѹ֮£־Ƥ⡢ࡢһӴѹ֮Уɡ
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̾ţţûϾȥϸˣǰĵѾ֣һۼǿߵ־壡
ԷȻûս飬ȴħ۵ΪûеѹƣҲôһֻʤϣȴʤԡ
ûκ漣ֻǽУź¡һ죬־飬һ̣˳־ռ䣬亹
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γտҩ˸߳ɣÿɱһƵ־󣬶õһɾ־ĻͳŲˡ
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°굤ҩóһżƷѪɷʼϢԵûиеη壬սƣ־壬սĥʯ

ʱȻţתۼѾ֮·ĵĸˣ
Ѫɱԭ֮⣬ħӵ緢ڼţֻ𶯵ķȼ࣬һʱŻһκͨĴģ𶯣ȥԤٹ£ħӵ緢ͻ᳹׽
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˵ͨѾ̽Χ滮һǧ֮ˡͨǰŴ˴ħ֮С
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һǧ𣿲ˣЩǣҪдΪǲܵġ
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Ӧûᣬ˵Ѿ֮·ˣγ֪ʲôʵĶľȺֻΣ
˵֮·ľȺҲ˵֮·ߣɫ޸ĺʯͨһЩţ˵֮·Щ˶һһ֪γ֮˭󣡡
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Ŷ޸ĺʯѾǰˣΪһħ˶ħΪô࣬ʽ⾳֪˶٣֮·ʽ⾳أ
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ʯڽ֮ͨǰܱȵˣһγΡ
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ֻҪЩʥشһЩʱ䣬ǵʵҪ
治ˣѪɱԭʮһߣ츳꣬иķ񣬾˵Ҳ֮ͨ·ˣţӦΪ˸˲СĴۡ
Ѫɱԭǣڴż֮Щһһأǽһٻ޵ʱ̣ħһУǶ˵Ŀ飬ʱ˭֪ˡ
ĸ¹ȥ֮תۼǵ¹ȥأţ߳أ
Щ콾һˣԲһЩˣҲ˾ʥس
һȺѪɱԭĸ߲ȻҰôǽ֮ͨʵѾѪɱԭƿˡ
ʥҲˣħ֮кǾͻøԵĴ뿪Ѫɱԭ
ʱǣʥشߵЩ츳һģ˳ͨȡЩħеΪµ
һһˣͨѪɱԭֻӭһῡܣܶʼ
֮󣬵һʮ죬˶ľȺ֮⣬еȫأ
ǵΪõΪۺս
е߶սƣȲȥħ֤Լˡ
һ㶥ŶЩ԰ν֮·Ϊİ弫Ϊõ޲ھҸͬȼῡܽһ˭֮·õ˸
ų̶ȵһ֤
Щı˴дˣǵսȷʵ˺ܴҪʽΪϣʣЩѡʱ̤˵ʯ֮·ѡ־ƻ֮·ģһûС
ľȺҲˡ
֮·УľȺص³һɫ԰ףֽȡһöҩ̷ȥϢ˺һʱ䣬ڻָһ˿Ѫɫ
ҵĵ֮·ҲˡľȺһ΢΢ҡͷʶԼߵˡ


622 ս
ڶʮһʯʱһʮ죬ǿơ
ʮľľȺ£Щʯɲ򵥣һ֪ϵУͻʯѹĳΪ츳ߣ˵ǲʯˣǸ֪ϵʯϾͻˣ
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ʮ֮󣬵ڶʮһǿֲ֮ľȺһʯϣͺķʮʱ䡣
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ŵڶʮһʯѾǱľôʯѶȿ֪
滹жʯľȺ֪
֮·֮ͨ󣬷ʳƵۣԣ
֮ͨܵ·ĵۼǿ߾ͨĻɫǿڵۼǿжǶһˣ
죬ˣԭΪ츳ھͬʱѪɱԭῡܣû뵽һͽѹȥٱϹʱЩţҾ͸ǲˣľȺԳҡҡͷ֮·ϹʱΪЩϹῡģԼ˱ɽһǣѾˣϹῡܸõ˺̶ֳȣ
뿪ˣͨһʮ죬ҵʵ󣬲֪Σ
ľȺѪɱԭ֮⹫ϵĵһˣӽƷŵľʥأԷﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣҲޱȣᣬͽѧľʥصĺĹ
ΪԷ϶࣬ټľʥΪﵽ۵̫ϳָ㣬ľȺʱ⾳ϵܸߣ֮⾳ˮ֮⾳ľ֮⾳ϵҲף⾳⣬Ųκˡ
ľȺΪۺ츳ʵȴδرϾ곤һЩ
׿츳̸ԺͶԷ⣬ľȺΪ֮ϡ
֮·ƫƫǿԺͶԷ⣬Խǿܴӵʯϸ򵽵ĶԽࡣ
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֪һʯûеʮ飬ʧˡ뿪֮ͨҺڴһսľȺţŨŨս⡣
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ڶŵš
֮·һʮһ죬ľȺأ
ľȺĳأļ䶯ͨҲ֪һϢ
ԶľȺӵ֮·̤ʱһһΧռ֮궯
ǶԷ⵽˼߾Żֵ龰νԳ棬ҲƵľȺ־绹ԶúܣҲ㹻ˡ
ڵĶľȺһɲĸо
ΪֹһȺ֮·Уֻû֪ڵ֮·лʲôߡ

־ҫ۵Ļ棬ǹһһһ㣬˲ᴩǰһۼǿߵ־塣
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־屬飬ֶ壬һ崺ĸоϮȫ
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һǰңң޾־ƻóһöƷѪɷʼϢ
ʱ䣬ʱ޿̲սжȹ
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壬ڿٵ޸ţ޸ĸоԣĻͬϸһ㣬泩֮
ʵĸоУ֪˶ãͻȻüһʹ̶÷·ȫӿüĵһ㣬Ҫ緢һ㣡
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ս飬Ŭ͸һ棬ͼᶨޱȵ־츳ҲռҪıء
֮ľͼޱȣټħеƬ̫һ־õǿõֻ⣬־һʵķԾ
־ǿȷ棬ͬĪ깥ǰͬһЦ
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⻹״μս飬֮ǰսļģս龿ʲôӵģ֪
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Ǹ̬ս飬ȵɳ֪жֲ


623 
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ʱܱߵĿͻȻ궯һУռ䶼˶ֻǡĴ̶ײؽױƾձ飬Ƭ
н鱦ЩƬҲתɭɭĺХƺ˺ѿռ䡣һڵĵУѾʳˡ
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־磬սֲսʵ磬սȴֱӹ븽ĳһƷ֮ϣղǽս鸽ǰĿУ˵ؽױ
ڿϻǿսǿ״̬ǸڱʽϣںϣҸһսһս鵽Ρ
֪ҵʵ˶١ͣ˴߶ս飬ǰЩƬ̵ڵء
ٺ٣սķԪ̶ȣٶȶû̫ǹһأֻսΣҲǳֲˣȵսɳͲóУս鷢ͿɱΣ
˺սɣԽ丽ŵ֮ϣǿķ֮ʵսռʵıؽԽԽҲΪԭͬʵߣ־սǿʵսǿ߸أΪǵĳɳռڲս飬ĳɳռ䲻ħ̾ĻԵȷʵĽ
֪ǲħĶ֮֡·࣬ΪʽΨһʵԾս飬ħû̫ա
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Сӣ㻹֪㰡֮Уħ˳û˵־ƻ֮·ȵʯ֮·Ѷй֮޲Ѿһ룬㻹ôŰ벽Ҫͨˣǻ˵ã
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ħɱ֮أԹῡܺڴˣǱħӵյɱһһռ˴
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ܽħеߣҪôţҪôȫӲӣƾͬһȺͻҲҪСɱ˲ɷɱ
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ߡľȺʯ˵Ȼص۲ѪѾõǸǲ˵
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ʮ׼ħеǵӥȮڷֵʵȻٲἰ
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⼸ţͻȻһڴΪ׵õϢ֮󣬶ʱ¶Ź֮ɫ


624 ħ
ʲô£ע⵽ΪϵĹŹ֮ɫʵ
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ڳôһȥ߸¡֮·ͬûʵĻ˶У֮·ʵĥһʱ䣬Ҳһ˵ԽþԽ
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ôһ߲˼˵Ѿϰᴴ漣һȡ˲ĳɼ˸о˼顣
ٺ٣ûʲôֵģʲôƿˣҪȻԲУʯûأ
һħ߹ЦţĺڿʮڿھšԭԸڵûʲôģϾߴ쵽һδķԾ˵ûͻʱİٱˡ
Ҫ⣬ԾԲôʱ⾳СӲ֪ڵ֮·ʲôΪ׵ɻ֮ɫ˵
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ڿЦţԼɱ⣬ڼν׹ǵʹۿˣһпĵطʵ˲١
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ˣ鵽Ϊֹǽ˵һҪעǿߡ
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һƬ谵ĵ֮Уɫļںʯϣüǰվŵ
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Ҳ̫ˣ㷨ٶ࣬ΪҲڲô㡣
ڱϣҲպϣǿǷ޼Ķţܴһ죬֮ʵǵһ˿־ĳ̶ȣôӿֲĵ֮·ʵôûأ
ڵ֮·ʲôôôãΪʲôҸоʵ̫أ
Ĭ˺һʵ֮·֮ǰ˽ͻƾ׼öԷͻȻͻ֮µūӡЩˣΪħ֮УԸðգôҲû뵽Ȼڵ֮·ĥ߸²ŵ벽
һޱ˵µ֮·Ҫʱ䶼ʯԷ˽һ򣬳֮⣬ر
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λϣʼճĬ߸°С磬ڣԵۼ˵֮·
˵ˮɣһûôԼūӡô
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ѰãԵҲûѰպҲɳɡ
ţվ˵ħӿʱ䣬λ׼쵽Ϊֹ

ħӿʱԽԽЩʼԼصʯϣһߴɣһĥԼ־
ʱ䣬ͻ̫ܣˣĥս飬ʹս龡ɳùﵽ¡
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625 Ƽ
һ·ǰУĿռ߶ԶûǰĲߣʮɵӣһ·ܰȻռ֮УƺһϢѹָУǲòȥԿѹ
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ܲǵһǵںϡ
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ӵĹ򣬼ͣˣǰ˫ֿĺɫţʮɸߣϵŰϵŸӶֹĻƣеĻƶΧеһʮħ̣ħ̵ɴһ˫ն۾ʮչѹָкظС
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סŵİ֣˵ͨɣħͬҲ⣬λĵ£ܷɵĻ²ȥЩط⣬硭
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ʱ򣬼ڰͣסӣʼһУ˷׷׸ϡ
ĮȻķţռһƬڰû˿죬һƬš
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ٶȲ죬СʱһյϣյѾۼ˲ˣЩ˾ۼһɢһļµƣͨĶ֣ħǡ
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ʱƣм̸ͨǷֱɫʯ;޸ټͼһͨͨȽϽǵļϵħ϶ˣͨħӵıˡʮͨΧһȦħΧ롣
ͨ˶֮һɫ۵վ˵λһ½ħӵĹ򡣡
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Ѫɷִ£һħӿȻڳĸλѾϤ򣬲໹Ҫنһ顣
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˵ʲôҲ֮У˵úʵǲɱ¾ħӵߣ˭ȥ׷
һע⣬ǾħɱˣҲۻѪɷ֮ħͨĹأʮΪޣһޣϷһЩλϵѪɷ֮ɢȥһЩЩֶβԸλκˣλܹһ
˵лȻԭˣֲϵħʮڣ֮ǰ֣һ߳Ϊ֮ͲٲμѪɱԭսˣǵɷǴĶģ
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626 ռ֮
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ľãݲ򵥡
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һǧ֮ΪѰԵ
ʼߵĵط֮ƴƴΪˣЦȴӦĳףһǧﷶΧΣ֪֮ûеͼ֮ĳյء
ʣ΢΢ʮͨħӵĵͼܶ࣬ʵЩͼ©֮Ͼħÿ緢յضб䶯
з׼ȷͼôģ
ܵõݵͼѪɱԭԭҲѪɱԭΨһһʮħ
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һĨһöϢĽֽ䡣
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λ׼ˣôҪˣλħֻаʱ䣬֮ܳĻҪһħ󷨿Թǰ֮δܳߣȫʧˣȥ֪ʱ䣬λǡ
˵ֽ꣬ȡöɫ飬һöһöŲڵϡ
ŷ֣ǽվĿյزԶһİۣǶУǺϡɫҲʮϤħ֮ǡ
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һ˲䣬о·һȰĴǰçӣŨϢӿռ˸омȵѹ֡
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ܿ죬Ⱛħͷ߳˶飬ҽ˭һ𣿡
ߣѪһ˶飬ȻѪҲõ˼
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ٺ٣һĺڿһ̤ЦеĿһۡ
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֮ѡЩߵ׷ߣܿʥδһۼǿߣѡãһĿȻˡ
ͨῡǣ׼һ㣬ָߵĸ֦ٷܶꡣ
ܿŵһĻν֮С
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ħܱ֮ڣɷŨҺΣУܵڵϢܵɷǣ籡ĸо
ŨɷЩɷʵγɵģħĻ뵽ҡҡͷߵҪڤ״̬״̬£ߵķܵͣħΣ֮ˡ
ٺ٣СӣоôķΧɣһ˲ϲͻȻһ֣һ̽ԼĶУżΪ
תͷһǺڿ
΢΢üûлػ
ڿΪ⣬СӣҲ㵽һǧĵطҪǰɣʱǿһ𣬱˴֮иӦ
ǸûȤ⡭òҪ֪̽ҡЩ
ڿɫһСӣôУ֮̽ΪأһֻܸоЩ̶ѣȴԷ˲ʶơ
ﲢûżǰ۾һ·˵ħһǧıԵشһǰǧľ룬ǻϴŶʮ쵽һµʱ䣬һ£ǶҪҵģһЩаĻû֮ǰǧҪԳ֣غ
аʲôаﰡһȤħӣʵ츳Ȼǲ˵ԼҲʮţĥţʲôΣգԼͦ㲻Ӣ۾ҲܸӡŮԼǿߣҲԸⱻ˱ġ
ħӣҪܷߵķģ׸ʥأԼҵǵԵƨ
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ῡܴ߰һɾ󾢶Ҫ̼ݻ뿪ʱͻڲԶˡġһ˻ƲҽУԲ෢ģĳ޺鲣̶֮
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ȫһ֪
۾˲ˣ뺦㲻ҪȫּԪ籩Ҫɷ㡭
裡ֱĴĻӲźˣ㰮ôôһѪɷ۸ͷ˻˳ܣӲûôң
Ȼ˵Ҳ׸ʥأǷ߷̸ףȻˣ뿪ͼͷͨ
һԹ㷢ΧһȺղŲߵҲȥˣֻóޱȣʱ֮егԱɫˡ
ָ˵ȣʧɫ㡭ȡ


628 Ѫ֮
ҵôˣ͵شһ£æͷȥһԴ˵һ
˫ȣƤⲻ֪ʲôʱʼŧѪֻѪֹܵǺͽƹ֧ŵ档
ŧѪţɫĵյޱȣ

귢ֵĽһֱˤڵأһŵ棬ЩƤҲʼã̶ΪŧѪ
ָǡƹѸ¶Ѫ졣

֮ɫֽŲõˣ·ǰʲôµĶȻƤ·ȫˣ˺һͻдƤʯϣĴȣβȫʼΪŨŨѪˮһȳζ֮ɢ
ңңȣȻȴ˺Ͼɲȵ˭ȥ
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ȹ鿪ˣͷӾʯһͷˣһ飬һĻͷ·ǧĸụ̀ѹ˼Ϣ֮䡣
ѿʼݣͷףֻʱ䣬ͷݲݣһȫƤŬֻʣ¹ͷ֣ĵҪץסʲôֻɳƵĵȻȴǺ塣
ţֹҲѣȫĿ֮£ŨѪˮȫãѪˮɫĵյͷΪңƬ֮󣬾ֻʣһСѺɫҽ֮⣬κζ
ڳˣȫˣ־ᶨҲоһɺӱӿֱ顣
Щ߶ɱģĪ˵ˣԼɱҲʹﵽλϣʽ״μ˴Ŀģ
ħӾḻҲһڿˮͷħйޱȣʽֶҲ״μ
û˿Ƕʮ־裬СΧ
һֻֽ䣬סˣԭΪħӵΣЩааɱս䣬ôҲû뵽ʽˣĿһǰõͷӶʣǳֵаȴ֪
δ֪£߲νǹޣν񣬲ǿߣ·һĻȴôҸо·ص˷ʱҹһ㡣
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Ҳ״μղ˹ĻӰľӦֻһֻɷ۵Ļ򵣬в꣬£ֻû뵽ᷢ˱ʣ֪ǲǸղŵԪ籩ĳ˯а
ﲻţԪ˵
˯аĪħба
뵽˶ĵ׷ţҲûħа￹ĵزаĪĿģ᲻֮
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˵ħ֮Ҳеȼͨеħ֮Ƕһġ
ħ˵ħ֮ǷΪƷеħֻ֮˽ףͨ˵˽׵ħ֮ѾΪѵãؽ׵ûеģڸ߼ħ֮ǣѪɱԭԭûɣֶѾͨ飬Ե˲ߣõڵµǿĹв֪ʲôħ֮ǣʲôģòҪ⣬˴֮أΪ
ħ⾯棬ҲԲȥϹŴܻ޵֮ҪȻϵˡ
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˶Ǻֽٺĸо뿪һа֮ǰû˸ҷɾ衣
˳ȥκˣҪ
˵Ҳû˸ҿᡣ
ôáԽԽˡڵǺڿõԪһ˵˶֣ΧԽԽŨ񵽼õˣڰҲԽԽŨ˵ħڵ£ҹĹâͷǻԣӦ˺ڰʱǡ
У̧ͷȥȻǿѾʧãã֮С
УûǶλôȥ·ġ
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ħӽ𣿾㲻ɣҲҷɣȥ
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ָԣûǲ֪ΪΣ˼˶ף·ֱͨݵ˵ԺС
į
į
ҡ

ҪħԪס䣡ͻȻɫ䣬Ҳ˲ԪһħԪΧγһ磬Ҫס
ͻȻƿŨŨͿëȻһĻһ˫Ĵ£ն̣ƺаһʼϵָץԼ壬Ϻܿ챻ץѪģ
ԽץԽײУץƤ֮ԼѪܡȫ˳ҲԼڳѪϸ¡
ɲжϳԷѾ֮ʧأһ߱ݵʬ⡣
ǰȥħͻȻˣ֪ʲôˣǰλãֻҪʵ㹻ͿԴһǶҪͬ³
ͻȻħٳɣֳǹԪ£а֮ͬʱ˰Ŷݼ׵ļ
磡
ǹһͬһǰռȥֻһ·ʲô˺ѵŨĺȫƿһ˲ǧɵľ룬㲻صǰֱȥ
һӣ￴Ķ󺰵


629 
Ԫֳǹ˸ʱȫɱͬһսһ㣬Ʋɵ
ұߣʮɣȫһ壡
ħٴɣԪ۵ǹУٶó磡
һ·ʲôϱǹ±ۣһ̣Ѿ˺ɫ֮⣬ȻͣʱһѾָ
ɫ࣬ͷԼԼܿǿա
ˣ
һûзɾ裬һֱʮ룬ͣ˽Ų
ղžʲôħ⡣
ħԥһ£̫ȷ˵ӦǡѪǡ
ʲô
˵ʱҲ̴ӱϱڳ˳ղŵ䣬ʮ˻ʣ°˸һǾ긦ɫ԰ס
̫ˣ
Щɱ˵յǲ£ǾͲͨˡ
Ǹղֹĸоҵȴ£ëȻ
λСֵܽǰɡӵ￴Щ죬ղŵĻȻûȴ֪ƣ㲻ȫûпܣǸôһ壬Ȼ忪ˡ
ǡӦһ
Сֵܣǿ˸ղһأҳ֮·ղע⵽ڳʱһα򣬾ʶı򣬻ʲô
һʣҲҲɻ֮ɫ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻǾõһҳһû뵽ĳˡ
һ˵¶ԭ˵飬ʵҲΪⱾ£Ͼħǵһν롣
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һҳһӢ۾˵ͷߵķˣôķͷȴһСˡ
һ뵽Ĺħӣҳ壬ҳж׳ؾΪ֮ǰǸһҳ֡
Ȼ˶Էеļ֮⣬ͷļʣᣬͬһ嶼ǡ
һĻ˵ô˵ζСֵܣԺȷʵҪٳ嶯ˣκ˳֮ǰҪѹʵҪȼҵľٶþ˵³˯а
ˣϢһ£Ǽ̳￴һǿգٴȷ˷λȻЩƫԭ·ߣⲻ
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ħشħ֮Щȥڵ·ʮʱɵ״壬һħֻ֮Ǵ־ɢеʱȴ⣬һЩϹŴܣΪ־̫ǿΪĳع־겻ɢֻ뵽ħ֮Уγһֱ˳νѪǵħ֮ǣħ֮ӵ־ߵľѪԼľ꣬Ѫ㹻Ļ
ħ˵һ֮治Уħ֮־ʶ붼˼顣
þѪ𾫻ꡭ
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ħ⣬ҲҪԶžħľѪϧδܵóѰˡ
϶ԭĲ²⣬ħ֮Уȷʵһǿȴǿ߾Ѫ޲
ħ⣬Ѫǲνħ֮ǣ
ҾͲˣ㲻ףҲǵؽϵȵģܵõһĻ㾡ͻҲս飬ѪǾĥսĺöħջ˵
ٺҲûãֵòղЩȥҡҡͷҲЩϧԼＸǺġ
ٺ٣ճ˵ѪȷʵΪȾָģս飬̣
Ŷһ
Ѫͨħ֮ĲͬѪ̺־ʶɱߣǵľѪһſߴ֩룡ѪǵĹֶξ־ղе־类ѪǴܣһʵоͺ޷֮
㲻ͬս飬ˣ
΢΢ڵ֮·УԵսʱ֮ڻ¡
˵ҵս黹ֻǳΣѪǵϹǿߵ˴ɵսɣԶĶ֡
ħҡԼĹԴ¶һֻ֪һ֪ı飬ϹǿߵȻ˴ɵս飬ҲѪǣǴ̫Զˣʮ꣬ǿ־ҲѪ̺־ѾȥϹŴۺ޹ϵֻһѪɱ˱ǿʶҪɾʵǿղŻӳô
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ʼǣҵĵط޲̻ȥ
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ѪԭǸ־ϢϢصıĥս飬ضħ޸úܴ
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׽ѪǵķҪ򵥣¸֮վղŵĻ֮ȥ
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˸ѣ˵Ҹղųֵķ̫ǿִܵæһöֽ䣬ұȽҪһЩҪȥҡ
ֽ䣿
Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
һ˵ߵֽһ˿֪棬һ֪ˣղֻҵ£һʱֽ˻ôһܡ
ֽĶҲûɣһ𣬿ڵߣڻȥδиղôõˣ˵ˡ
ڿһ׳յ꣬Ҳһֻ֮ɫǶ붼ΪһȥǾһˡ
ֽ֣еʲôԴңҲ˲ġѪ˵̶ԪεҪǽһǧﷶΧ֮ΪѰһԵҪģ˵һЩƸʧ˾ʧˡ
ѪԪΪеɴһеȥΪ˸һԵ
Ѫ֣ǽָãһЩҩϵҵսһѡ
ðɣȥɣȥءѪֻա
ֻʱʱ㲻صĻǻ·￴ִҪأֻ˵
ͷá


630 
һ߻أԽԽŨֻһ㱡ɴģʵʡ
һѹֵϢŨصɷӿ
ƣͬʱȫ񶼸߶ھ֮УȴŻǵ͵Ϯ
˵ֻһƷħ֮ǺһƵ־̵ĹֶΣҲֻ־
װУҳλһڳֻһλᣬһʧܣ˷ϵͲˡ
˵ͷħ˵ƽʱɣҲֻʳʱŻӽرҲԼΨһᣬħӣʶͱѹƣټ⻯ǱҲڲ䣬Ҫҳܡ
һ߳ʮľ룬ٶʱʱڣٶתĸ
įįҡ
Ƿ·һϹŮӵȴɷʱĸҥŲһҰʱˡ
ˣ
һݣʱҪϴ򶨵ö࣬׵ķֱ̺ľ񹥻
Ȼߵıģߵʶ־ȥ
ǴûнӴ־ߣͿеĶߣϡͿȥ֪
־֮УһƬɫԭҰУܲκɱеֻһĨŨŨĴ⡣
־ɫ
һƬŵĻɫʱ䣬ͻȻһƬⰻȻĲԭϣӾԶ
һ̣ǰһŮͻȻ֣һĳȹ׿Լòʶ
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׻Ůӡǧ꣡
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һ̣ô̵һ˲ʧأܿͶ
⻯ǣҿԼ֮еǧ꣬ȻܵҼʧأǺֶΣ
Ϊ־ᶨɲ˵ˣǸ޷֮Ҳ޹ôɴ࣬־ܣȻ˻ǵĿˡ
ʦܣּءǰǧǺһЦĶ̬Ƕǧȫһ¡
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ǰѪǣֻһƵ־Լս黹磬ȻĶ֡
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Խһ˵һգ۶ãֻĿĳ绮գȻը֪ʯ˴ǹһöһббĶʯ֮У˲䴩ħ˵λã
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꣡
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ڻǱסһ̣һʮӡָ˺ָӰһɫķӡȫ˻֮ϣӡ𾫵ַԸͬã
ģģ
ǷĲҽУһӷĽʵ˸о
ͲΪ⣬ϵĶԽԽ죬ӡ֮һֻͷϸ˿ָǲΧܿ֯һ׵ļӣģַһƿռ֮ڼ֮УȡһֻУӷ֮С
֮£⻯ǿνѷɣ
ħٺЦһ˵ɵƯСӳֺֿֿݣұΪץѪǵİղɣû뵽ָɾ汻ץˣѪӦĻᶼû
΢΢һЦ˵ҲǶҳ
ԸоħڿٻָУԭԼͻħĲԼ⼸ĹѾϢĳԼһأһ֮⣬ʮĵ£ҵεĻǣΪû¡
ܵĵˣձڶʱڣħĻָĲԽԽ
еĸӣħ˵Сӣȵȡ
ţ
ñʥȥãٺ٣ħŹצӣͷ촽һ͵飬ͬһɫ˽һǳŮĻһ㡣
ħ̬ȻʧЦ
СӣЦƨİɣһ룬ʥŵģġ
ɿһҿɲʣµġ
ԻѪǣҲʮֲͻڼսҲԵõٶطչسȻʣһ԰ȫĵط
ħⲻˬ˵ʲôбʥʣµģʥȰСͷľ꽵ˣһΪһһ룬ʥĴ̷֮Ҳףʱ򣬲񵱳̷Ūȥ
΢΢һЦǵˣšշ˼ս˵ز˾뿪ɡ
ħӣս򶷶׾Щ˯аĳһԸ˵ĶǾ·ˡ


631 뿪
ħ⣬ѾѪǣҴԼһ뿪ǰΪ˺ˣҪһطͻ
֮ǰٳδͻȫΪûлᣬڵ֮·ʱѡ־ƻ֮·ΪûаԼĻڱ֤ʵҪ굽һʱͻơ
ʱ䣬Ĳ
һֱͻĿʮǿңÿһСڵĿֲս˵Ӱ춼Ǻܴ󣬿ͬһʵԾΪֻͻ֮ʽֵУʸ񷵻ܴ½
֮ǰս飬ҲֻԼĹԼûʲôա
ʵߣͻ
Сӣ㻹ȲˣħӣĶһȫĵطչͻƣ
мҵĵͼǵͼ֮ǰˣȷʵЩطԱչأ˵԰ȫҲ԰ȫʱΪһҼʮµʱ䣬һƿ
СӣҿǷħˣӾʣһ壬ôΪ㻤ħû˵
ȥ壬Ҳһսɣ
ݣħûַȵĿˣΪᰡһܶĴ޵ģһᣬ岻ݣҪӦҲҪܾã⸱ʥᣬʥҪúÿǣȥȺó
ͬһᷢҵҪںϲǶڵḶֶ́ιڼҵĻֱ𻵣ҲǺܶෲ˱ɸ֮˥ܣվɶԭ
˵ˣ治֪ôི
ʱħֵҵĽǣȺˣһǰȻ಻ĵطΣʱǻ㵱ƣһЩа﹥Ļ֣֮ǰѪǾǹ־ļһǵҲµһЩߵĻ벶׽Ѫǡ
ղû˵ƣѪǻֱӹ־ѪǣҲ׽ֻᾪ֮زز
ħ˵޵Ȼԥһҡͷ˵Ѿˣ˵ʲôģԺҲҵټһˣһҪЩһ𡣡
ҪͻҪʵͻΣǲ٣˵ڵʵڸո緢ħߣħӱԵһǧﷶΧ֮ںγûΣգ֮ǰܶԸѪǣȫΪѪֻ־ñҿƣóʹأĻЩаĶ֣ЩħĶأͬðգԸѡͻΪͻ֮Ҿ㹻ʵȥѰԵħ֮Уֻ»µµΪ
Ѿ֮ļᶨ֮ˣһʲôͺѸıˣˣᱻΪǹִԲ鷢չΪ˼ΪԼʵоţգʵж֤ǵѡȷģ
ħۿı䲻ľҡͷˣҪͻƾͻưɣñʥΪỤǾԲܵģȺνġۼšڱʥֲʰõģ
ħ߰˽ȻķۣνĵۼţҲֻԷ˽˵ܴ½ʥħ½˵ĳƺĵǿеĵۼţǾȫһˡ
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ʱ䵽ˣ
Զʮ֮⣬еɳ©ɾһɳĿڵķʼջɣûӰӡ
ˣ
ɵƣҪȥģûôģڿķ̵
ղֻĶ֪߱ĪĲǿۼǿߣʮͨħǰʵҲ࣡
ţƺˣ޷֮˵ӰӶû
ںڿֻһԭͣǾǡʵ̫
аǵʵ̫߳࣬ܽŪڹ֮Уɵ»ΪһöֽȥͶô
Ǻڿô룬˶Ҳôģһ꿴ơ̾˵֮ǰ˵ȥˣ˾̫ţһβ֪ôɳ忪˻ΪڶҲܳ忪أ
˵ʱһ˫۾鲻סƲƺϿһ˿Ĳмͳ
Զ֮ųˣ֪ʥزһ׸ǵķͷҪʱ˭Ҷ֮ǰ΢һľٶа飬ƫƫҳ壬һǳӲϳгǵĵС
Ҳ׳һأұǻ׳գȻһԽȻ·˵ɣһͷԼ򵥵Ļ֮ǰһϹèӣٶȷɵء˰ɣǲǵСǽħӣûġ
ҳҴģһײû£ڶα
һ˵ҲŸ͵ȷʵԺСЩ֮ǰԷһȥ꣩ҲͷԼ򵥣Ҹ浱£аûһһأҪǼȥָʲôʱͷԷһͰȫȥˣ
ֻţ˵ǣȷʵһͷԷȵļһװȫӸˡ
ûôǵۣһֱɻԶɵĻͻȻ˵һ֮ǰһǿҵײģע⵽˰ɡ
˵ײǸղù罫ڳһιǴιþȫ״ʮ֮⣬Щ߶
ǰǴιĴɣһι֮󣬾伣֤Ǵν֮ʤ֣ڶû˭ʤ˭֪֮ǰ˵оݵķš
Ȼе㲻ԾҲòϣĺеˡ
ѪüҲʲôϣˣ֮˽ʵˣȻδͻҲͨǰսܽħһǧﷶΧڣԻԼǿ֣ʱǿǿϣΪѰҵһĻԵϧڼƻˣԼһֹĸо
ˣ߰ɣһ˵ʱʱԼֹȥһʱ䣬϶
̾һȷʵܵȥˣûˣ·ɡ
ûȴ뿪Ŀܣһûоḻ򵼣ûŶӣ߳ħӵĸʼΪã


632 Ѫ
˻ǻʱѾгʮľˡ
รɣħӣʥȻ֪Ķ٣ǲ֪Ķ࣬ʥǿ󲻼٣ս޵úܣǶԷԾ̬ľ֮ʥԲ˶ߣҪʹԼŰ졣
֪ˡԭûָ̫ħ⣬һ۵ͼʵǵͼһЩܽᡣ
ħӣκαʾΣգﰲȫĵͼûκ壬Ϊħÿ緢ᷢģα䶯ЩаҲŲѡ
һʾΣͰȫĵͼħ緢֮οֵûˡ
ҲֻħʮΣʮΣƾ辭жħӵΣա
еĵͼûбʾκΣյأȫִյءȫ֮صĸſͼ龰ͿжϳΣջǰȫˡ
ǰۣɷγ˵Ӧһ֮أ죬ԽɷΪɢħ֮ǵĸʲ󣬷һЩаڴ˾ۼֵطûлԵΣգǱܿΪ
ʾжϣƿһյء
һ·Ҳò̾ͼļֵ޹ּСģԼ֮ǰȻٵͼʥش֣֮һһֱõĵͼֵ֪
Сǰ棡
ħУѹƸ֪ڵߣһ߲̽⼸ʮɷΧǿȣɣȷ˵߻̣˵ħǿˣĸ֪ܹӼɣһʱ䷢쳣
һֻӦѪޡ
ڼ֮УйѪ޵ѪһŨɷ֮е飬ޱȣǻ۵£ڵѪ׾ǵ㡣
߰ǧ֮õģܹﵽΪǰֻѪޣֻ൱߰ˡ
ѹʵ»ɱǣѪɷ֮ŨδزǱа飬ǣɲ̫
ָ֪һʮѪ֮ӡš
ֻǼϢֻ֮ȼŹѪ׵ޣצɱƵĻ棬˿һ۶ʹĸо

ָһѪ֮ӡΪ˱֤һɱѪ֮ӡںһս顣
սԸκϣǿһöҶս֮󶼿˲ΪɱοԭͷƥѪ֮ӡ
ֻꡱ죬Ѫڵľ˱ںսѪ֮ӡ˲г룬Ѫ޲ҽһ廯Ϊޡ
˲ɱ൱ڵĵˣһߵڣʵѾѪɱԭʱ˷츲صı仯
˵ľ˼ЩȻԶħ֮Ǿ󣬵ϼƷѪɷȴй֮Ȼ˷ˡ
֪伸ȥнǧľ룬ߵò죬Ϊһ·Сĵķɷò˲жϳȫ·ߣصҲˣԴ·˻
ħУСе괬
һǧյ߰˴ȫ֮һûЩΣħӣΣ֮ԶȰȫ֮ضöࡣ
ٺ٣·ѡģΣķħͻóħƲƲ죬һ˵ʥҪȥ˯ˣħӵɷԱʥ޸вٺôҳ˯ʱû±ң¾͸ˣ
ħЩ˵
Ǹ˯ƻҪƳˡǰɷ֣ûŪĻӦмصһ԰ȫ֮ء
Ŷ
ħ̧ͷһǰɷγһɹɻɫķ磬Żӿţ֮ǰ߹һЩطɷҪŨһЩ
ûŪɣҸоɷŨûΣգħħеав˽⣬ɷ֣òʲôģûоħ۵ʵĻоЩоô׽а飬оаŻĻԵ
˵λǧľ룬Ϊɲͬɷｻ㣬˴Χתγ޴һɷΧɷͱȽŨߣɷԽԽŨε룬зԲķΧɷ൱ϡʮɷŨҲͨҪͣνİȫ֮أ˵
ħӹ°ͣ˵ǧߵҪﲻ̫߰ɡ
΢΢һЦҪˣǰΣգ֪ͨˡ
ңҵӱʥ֮󣬾һֱ㵱ɣͻ֮ħŪʲôöһ룬ʥΪѴӦ
֪ŪʲôҪһ룬㻹ʨӿڡ˵ѪһһӦõģһҪҲܳǷһ룬Ҫ㲻Ƕ˿ͻıꡣ
Ұħʵ
Цû˼ϵЦȫʱûոħ⳶Ƥ
Ҳ̫Сˣ
ˣ
ߣ
ˣ
ðɡ˾ͶˡħεͶ˵һԸ񣬸ּۻûȤ
΢΢һЦչɫзȥ
һ·ɷԽԽŨħҲӦеãĸ֪룬еĴﶼҪԶ
ܿЩǣ֮ǿа顣
żһЩܲģҲѪ֮ӡעս飬һɱˮ
оյɷŨȹȻһΡ
һѹٶȣչʮﴦ
ˣ˵Ȼû
ʮﴦɷУͨɷŨȶŨɷƶ֮أһ㲻аˡ
طʺħ⻷ܣ̽ͷ̽Ե˵ֵطϲɷŨ̫ˡ
ˣҪչذ£֮ҶһħӷԲһǧ
Сӣ湻ģչس϶ΧȫҲ᲻ȫˣԸ㲻Ҫˡħ˵һ䣬ǾܵĽ֪ųΧΪþ䡣
΢΢һЦֽеѪȡһĽ⿪ƣЩħѾ֪ʲôȡһ룬ѪСһȦԭҲ
⵹Ƿգƽʱ԰ȫıչصأһЩҲûʲôȻԽգԽȫˡ
ѪǣԪעУƬ֮ѪǾǻһźɫҺٳɣͷ̷ȥ
һɿʱȫ
Ѫȴı־ֻͷһ𣬱һȫѪɫ־磡


633 ƿ
ϹŴܵս飡
ڽѪɫ־ɲǼ䣬͸ܵһ޵ѹѹȻԣȴһɺĵϢ񾪼£
ȻΪ̫õʱ䣬λԶŴ۵սѾòˣôᱻ
뵽겻ѣǰ߳ƣҲǳ鳾帯ãħ֮ǣսȻܳò࣬Ǿꡢʮʱ䣬Ҳʣµֻǡޡ
֪߾磬Ƿֻܹأأ
֪Ǵˡ顷λܣǳ˯ħ֮еλʥŮδ̤۷壬ֻǲ֪а֮λаǷǵȾ磿
־ʵ۷壬һܴԭǣ󿴿˼£ʲôӡ
ɫۼǰһֻħޱȡ
ħ֮Ժ𣺡ħλϹŴ۵־ݻĶȻ̥ϹŴۣʵûʲôϵܹս飡
Ѫǲܹͻƿĥ־ѵõıһãħҲᶯġ
Ǻɫħ֮󣬱ɱһǹʣ׻˸ֻһǺɫħ㱻ǹâ־磬սΪѪǶĶ֣οڵĲȱ塣
˿˿âɢԥĽЩͳͳյ־֮У˿˿ĺɫ־Լľ֮צӿȥ
һ塢Űʶļ䡣
ͬĨȥʶӡǣյħԺѵʵħ⣬Ҳ֪ôս𽥳Σȶɽɵ־ֻʱˡ
ʶϵ֮ľ֮Ͽգ˿˿ɫΧսɵһСǹΧϵıš
ʱһһĹȥСǹԭãʵֳͨһƽɫǹ׾ͭ
һ֮ǹѾΣֻǹĩЩȱʧѡ
սı仯ʶĽϵս֮УǸСǹҵ·ҪƲסľ֮һ㡣
Сӣħ̲ס̾ΪδսѾսΣôȥͿˣҪ֮ǰ۳ս飬⿿ĵرԲ־ǿУ
־֮Ĳ˵ټħеƬֻӳ֣Ī˵ʥħ½ĪŶ޷⡣
һﲻҧսǹ˴һƲȱҲڲϵĲ롣
ֹһʱսȫͣһ˲䣬ֻһ޵һɲçۻϢɫսɢǵص֮˯֮еħⶼľ
ĳˣҼս飡
ŶҼ״˵սķּսҪĻɳռǳ
ħսĵȼӵ͵ߣȼɫɫɫɫΪɫԭǷֱ𱻳Ϊͭս飬ս飬ƽս飬̻ս飬ڣͭսĳν׶Σһ˵µȼλĴۣҲͭսˣΪ죬ͭս飬δʥѡǺǰ;ģ
ħĴЦҲ鲻Ѫǵ־֮󣬽ͷϷǾǡͻ
־ĨѪֻʣ
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Ȼ֮ķӡѪеʱ˵̵ĺˮһ㱬
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˷ӿϺ֮֮мͨĵطȫ忪еƲɵ֮Ƴ֮Уײһ
䣡
һʱ䣬ĵ·ˣԭתŵԪ׺飡
ƺһ³һѪԿ񱩵ǿгɲһܹܵģ̣ʵóȻôܿܵﱬ
ƾʵĻӲĽļѹڵ֮ڣǿԪ籩£޴ѹʹһЩԪʵʵС
СԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼһöö΢СѪɷĵš
һµԪγɣͬǣεԪ֮У̻Ԫ
ܽЩԪ£ôͻһöʽͻ磡
̼ͻƣµۼҲҪʱıչרѪͻƣʱ̣ҲҪʮµʱ䡣
˲òǵѪڲԴԴϵĻ۵֮УѹԽԽߣԽԽԪɹЩϸСĹԪǣ֮»ת
ģһöֻСľ˳ˣ⾧˳֮󣬾ͲϵϸСھ֮ϣΪ˾˵һ֡
Թѩķʽϵı󡭡
ʱһĹȥ
תۼǵʮ죬˽ħѾȥһµʱ䡣
һٶȣһµʱ䣬ħӰǧ
һ죬ȷʵ֧ƼħӰǧľۼء
֧飬ԭʮˣֻʣʮˣʧʮһߣʣԶԶħƽʱ
Ϊֹֻ͵ˣʣµ·Լ߰ɣǿ˵
˵ǱϢһ·ʱ޿̲̽·㣬ļ󣬶һµ̣ǱԼ״̬
Ƿ׷Ϣɻ
ߣջΣȺ֮УľȺһ·棬ȴܱһƵӣһۿߣһ壬ͬʥشˣȻʶ
һ㡣ҡҡͷһ·Ķֻںҵħ֮ǣħ֮ǶҰСħ֮иͷܴˣһ֧ʮ˵Ķ˵ջʵЩ٣οͨĹأһ뻹Ҫָ򵼡
ƽߵͺܲˣǵĶ顭ľȺ˵ɨһߵĶ飬ʮֻʣ߸Լ
ţأôڣľȺЩȻ̫ǧ·;֮УֻΪʲô뿪ˡ
ҡҡͷʧˣҲţĸʸ󡣡
߻һ˵꣬ľȺ׾ˣʧ٣䣿


634 
һĶߣľȺû뵽䣬߿ϢҲоš
ٺ٣ĸʸ󣬶ǻȷѾˡ߲ԶһٺЦ˵
һ֮󣬸Էɢǿ˵ֻʧ٣֮ǰѾԼ˰ʱϣûǲʲô
ô£ľȺʵ
굱ɫĽĹ̽һ飬ͻ˵ôôȰ裬ȴִⷸɵӴ򹷣һȥء
˵꣬ľȺ΢΢üֽʧЩǣǿҲ˵ùȥľʹ䣬ʵ̫ϧˣƽҲ֣öľȺͻȻʧȥĿĸо
һվڸ߷壬߷壬Ϊ۽ޣķԼǱ
˵䣬һ֧ϵˣ֧ʣ˸ˣ˸У켶޵ĵۼţһǷ񣬶һԾ޸ĺʯ
һͽĿڵĶ飬ļǵã֧֮У֪һ·ʲôԵ
ȻһȴûзӰ۾һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ˣʧ٣
ľȺͻȻڷ
ͨĶۼţģͬʥأľȺǾʶ
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šĸʺܴ󡭡ľȺҡҡͷҲǾÿϧ
ˣʯһ𵽵ģϢǾȣмЦЦΪۼΪʵЩһĵۼſڷķʯ֪ĹŵĴԶ˵ģȻ˸ۿۡ
ʯԭͲ̫ţ˵߰ǧ䣬ʱһֹϵĸо
Ц˵ʥħ½һţһŵͷǲֵ̫ǮˣΧ䣬Ҳ˰ɡ
üͷ΢壬ʵΣвö֪ƶϣɣȻǷŲ˼飡
ٺ٣ҿǱ˵ѾҲͷΪһߣһͷһӶ볬ǸˣʯĵĿ˷һۣʧȥ˰ĵţչǱۿ۵ġ
ûִʲôˣԲϲִֻΪ֮·һ죬˭ΪˣȴʱʵǳأһٻɱڰͬһΣô
ĬľȺ߹ķļ˵ʯȻſ񣬵һ˵ˣȷʵѾ˲ͷ
ҡҡͷƽĵǲ磬ûֻҪܸĽŲҲδˡ
˵ȥһʯϴϢڳôУҲֻǸһͨۼֲ֤츳͸Ϊֲĳɳٶȡ
Щ÷̾
ʧٵϢܿʹˣЩ˱ϾһͨģԭͶԹִԳֻ̬ȣ˵䣬ҲҲ˵ĸо
ʵֻ̫ùҲãǴйҲã֮ȥţͲٻᱻΪˡ
һ۹ǿݣǰλԻͣȥ̾ͱ˳ɵ֮·ݹеһԱˣ
ʧٻ鼤˼ʱ飬֮۵ľˣ̫ˣʱţˣעᱻ
ǾȥһȾ죬ģǷֲˣʱʱ򣬳һЩж֮⣬һǾ֧飬ڣһ֧飡ֻʣ°֧һ죬֧Ѷ
Ҫ֪Щ򵼱˴˼ĴѶʽôŶʯ󺣣ûаӦ
ȫû
ʶһ㣬ڳˣо
һ֧飬ʮˣоḻ򵼣ʵǿȻȴȫûʲôֲ飿
ѵǴ˵ħеа飿
뵽һЩ߱ӿһɺ⣬ǵĶĻ³ûö٣
ʱĬվ˵ʱѵټȥˣҪ̣ǿԿǸǰһԭ·أԭ·صõԴûзݶߣǿԽħӱԵһǧﷶΧ֮ڣΣշҲǰԼ
˵֮󣬻һۣ۾ж¶֮ɫղŵ֪ȫûϢ£ħһǧﷶΧɢҪавҪͬɱԽΣԿ֪
뵽ЩԭҪħӱԵһǧﷶΧ֮ڵǣȴһЩ⡣
شΣյĻԵܶԥ

ЩǾۼھħһǧԶļϵʱͻҲкڵĳɵ׶Σ
ڵѾȫע֮УԪϵڵ֮۳ϸСĹԪתԽתԽ룬ĳĵ㴦һŲͣתŵľˣǡ
֮Ա֮ΪΪڲϵתš
ߣֻǸոտ٣Ԫң޹ԣЧȻޱȵ¡ߣеԪγȶԪЧһΣԪ߲ߣеԪΪתŵԪˣԪߣ
Ԫת˵Ḷ́ǡһЩתתĹ̡
νͨһС档
һȥеѾи뵰Сˡ
ħһԿšЩ̰˯ϹѵõһֱѣСĵľܣǺĿȫ̡
뵰СѾһߵһСȦˣһ㣬ħȣһ˵۵Խ֤ԪԽࡣ
۵ߴħⷴҪòԾˡ
һٴγɳһȦ˸ӹ׼Σкôһߵķ֮һ
ħùצ°ͣ̾
ֹһ죬ٴγɳҰСһħЩˣСѾԤϡ
⻹ļޣɵ죬ˣħһڿˮѾһС࣡
СӣҪʲô̶ȣħưŹͷ۾һգգĶеԪˡ
ɵ죬ĴСûӣȻħľ㵲ûнһ
еС䣬̺ԪʼŨԪϵĳ֮ϣ̺ԽԽŨ
ɵ죬СһȦصҰС̺Ԫûм٣һ
ħѾЩľˣСӺֱֹ
ɵ죬СصҴССñͨڵ٣̺Ԫȴ̫࣡


635 ֮䣡
ɵڰʱ䣬ڵѾͨȫһˣֻе
ͨߵеɫٶȶҪ
һ˵ٶԽ죬֤̺ԽԾȫʱԽֲˡ
ʵٶȣ߽һʵ֪
СǸڣѾĲ֪ʲôϳġħйţ츳ҪˣƺҲֻһһһƽС
ʱе۹ѾβĴСٱ仯ʼĳΣΧеȫʼ֮УԴԴϵھ֮ϡ
ԽԽԲ󣬵Ѿ;ųɾ֮󣬵еȻʼٳ
Ԫ˴ʱ·һ̰ľһ㣬ɵеԪĿ飬ԪϺ
ĵʱͬһǿ޵׶ǿԪУɨڵһ
Ϣʱ䣬еˣ
ţɢ⣬ԪҲǣԴԴ۹
ɳɵһ̣ᷢʱ䣬̶ʮ㣡
ͬе̫̮ɰװǡǣһ̮䣬뾶С
ߵ̮̣ε˲䣬Ϊǿֱӽеգɵľ˽޴У̶ΧᵼһԪķԾ
ַԾʵĳɱˣ֮Ԫ˵ʼά֣ҲʹߵٶԶߣٶȡǻָ
ԭߴ쵽һμʵԾ
ǧʥţڰ벽ʱԽսҲ൱ǿ
Ԫ˵ͨߵĸֲԪԽԽң˿ûֹͣļͷγһɫԪţŵ룬һ©εһֱ֮ͨУԴԴϵı뵤
Σħסˣ죬ô󣬷ԲﷶΧܿɣ
Ҫھ԰ȫıչ֮أƣ׽Ҳûʲô˵ģﲻͬǲɱħӣ
ۿάһӵʱ䣬ħͷ׸簡û꣬Ҫʲôʱ򰡣
ħһϵƣûĻһлĵطûС
ħ⻹ָպɻڴ˸մ⣬Ҫˣ֮ǰŬͶ׷ˡ
ĵֹһʱ䣬ħɫڱˣ֪ĵ黹Ƿˣĵط߰˸аۼһ𣬻Ŀڵķ򡭡

ʱ֮⣬һ֮£ħߺһ߾ۼһǸڷڣħڴϢһЩ˵أǷ˵˿ڣһʱ֮ǰħ߸ոµҩС
ĵùһ׳򵼣ԳħӵĻͼޣһ֮һħˣֵ˵
ˣѪɱԭ֧еһ֧ȱϯ飬֧鲢ûȫûʣˣˣڣȫˣ
ɵƿˣҪʵӲҲãͳаˣ
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ƽĶۣǸʵҲ㾭ḻʵҲȻΣȴ˴жϣ˱ΧһȦԭؽ䱸ԽԽ࣬󼸸˳ŲˣֿܣΪĴж϶Ĵۡ
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˶ҲСʵǿˣ۸ʵǶڼŵǰ壬Ǹŵǰ
ħУɱأܶʱȫѣֻʵǿܹ
缸ôţħһˣʲôԵûţȴˣôȥôʵħһĬˣǵҲֻҵͨħ֮ǣһָûʣ٣ôȥȷʵģ򵼶ûˣħоûͷĲӬҴҲΣգ
˲˵һ˵ħлԵѰѰܾܿǴԵħ֮кܶƷеֻƷѰһؽħ֮ǣ˵еħ֮ǣôǽʳƵָտɴ
ͨȻǿ󣬵۵츳ȴħеĶڣ˵񡢶ľȺʥشˡ
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ۼǿ߸ɼǿȫһģʵûпɱԣʳƵ۵ջʵ̫ˣ
ħҲģһ˵ʲôͻȻסˣĿԶգһƴΧĻƳ忪ˣú
ǿʲô
ţҲͷȥһǶǾɲ
ֱʺܿζţ˴Ե
ȻҲʲôֲڣ޴Σա
ֻߣ߼УΣհŻԵֿ
ô죿ҪҪȥһħԥĽĿȴƳʵǿ
ҧҧʣһĲȻ֮·ôûΣգ
ܶƲЩƾԵΪ˴ܵߣ˵ֻãʵȫǼʣԵ̫̫࣬ΣգؼҲȡûʵȡ
ηηβڻԵǰԥǾ͵ڸƽӹɶﲻ˵ʳƵۣ
ˣһȥϢ̽ǲУԶݣôһ˿ϣ˾ȫһսɾǵĵ֮·
ãҲд⣡ܿʹ˹ʶĻԵǰȥƱػ
ϢԵǰҲηηβˣڽ£ǰ
Ǻܿͳ֮أһɷбǴơ
֮УҲвٵͼа飬˵ֻҪǴħгаԼʮǶӦһ
ƽͻıչصء
ʱħȴ뼸аѾܾˡ


636 ս黤
˾ԪнΧԪγ˷Աʮţħг󣬽֪
ħľ֮УΧԽԽа飬ап࣬ʲôȺǻţᵽˡ
ǣЩа鶼Щͼ飬ûЩħı̬ڡ
ħûʵ壬ʵսǳֻܽԼͷųγһЩа顣
ħȷʵǿ󣬴һĺƴϢȻʢѪʵջ̫ˣЩаԾѪޱȿǱԵĴ̼֮£ԽԽӽħ⡣
ħ岻һȺЩаԽԽ֮ڶ˹
ʱ˫Ŀգȫжϵȫڤ״̬״̬֪á
ģ
һֻаһֻͷ󣬽һֻа˳ħһ˫Ŀ֮бһž⣬ƣ
˳аȻһԭɺ챩Ű˫ĿͻȻãȻնڿȻת壬˵ڶֻ˳а飬ֻа鷴Ӧݺݵ˵ڵأˡ
̶аܿ˴Ƭ̣ħƵаͽһֻа˺Ƭ
һƾôྫôȥҾԳŲ˶ˣ
ħ⼱ˣǳ̲ϺϷʥȻһ챻һȺ͵ȼа۸
һа֮Χĸа飬һĻħзࡣ
ģģ
ֻаɱȸղŵֻаǿħһҧƴɵ־ֻаȫˡ
ģģģģ
ԽԽаħֻаսȻ˫ȭѵ֣ħչ˵վޣֻ©аһҧĻԪϡ
붨֮ǰⲼһʱаһɫɻιɣιת꣬ר˹а
ֻаҽһֱӱˣ
ȻаĿʵ̫࣬һֻа鱻֮󣬸аɱ
ֻ׹˸һЩа鱻׵֮ճ̣ȻʹֻǼаѪеа鶼ħֹʵޣ
׵ģƬ֮Ҳܵаˡ
аϣһֻϹ˲ǡ
ħ֮Уд󼱡
ˣСӣⱲǷģҼס
ħⲢȫֻ֣ܳȱһ֣ͻǣƣϹŴʱ򣬾ռ籩;ƿ֮ʱǿħֲǿȹΣ
Ȼһ֮Ĵǣħ˯˽ꡣ
ħòɷѪǵĴ󲹣ħʵڲԸٴȫ֣ˣѡһҲҪˡ
ħڣһС֮ȼտľ֮ͻȻ䣡Щһ㣬˲䶴ֻ߰аճ̡
ħ깥
ԭ깥һ˫нಫɱһǧ˰٣£ԼҲǺܴˣó깥İħ볣ҩ
ħԭȱó깥󣬶˿֪
һʮֻ飬ħ˲Сָ˲٣ôĻʧȥʶ
ħнп֪࣬ǺõʱȻڲԶԾħĿԼһ֮ɫ
ħģ˲併㣡
ħЩӡͨ
һδƽһħΪԷʱε
ʵϣʱȷʵû١
˲ôһ·Сĵ֮صشԭΪʲôԵ־ڴͻƣ
ȷʵȻͻ𣿡
ɵƣȻʱͻƣһȺͼаΧһħЦһȫɱΪ
ҲʲôԵԪѹƲסòͻƣҼǵ֮ǰΪкܴһξģûиʱͻƣʲôԵ޿ܣ˵һ˿⣬ͻƵĻԵе
ûжѣһˣ϶йŹ֣ͻƵ˾޴ҲͬѰһͻûƵġ
⣡
˲϶ħ˴Ե˲ƴͻĶѣҲˣҲɢˣԵȫһϡ
£˭ۺ죿
˶һۣӶԷпһɱ
ɱǼпҵԵڣ
˵ڻڳؼʱ̣ƣʵҲʱȹ̣˶еĸ֣ͶԸʵгģǶʵ˽⣬˵
ɱҪ֣
Ѫ˵
аΧǱɣͻѾβ˭֪ʲôʱ򳹵ȻΪҹζࡣ
ħԪתһһħ߳صһնؿ֮ϣ
꣡
һֱֻа飬ֽĻԪȫն飡
аŭˣɱ

һ֣гȻɨЩͼаֱӱɨɣֻ׵аֱӱ籩ʳƬʧ
·
һħЦһֳشһؿڣ
ۼһħͫʱ̫࣬Ҳ֯вǰĹ
Ԫ飬ֻܿ
ô
ħɲǲͷֻһ죬ֱӱҵõɳȥ
Ԫƴ©зŤɳʮԶˤڵϣδ֪
ʲôһţ컨׹ϣֵľħſĴЦĴ󴸻У߹ȫϣ飡
ɱһޣħֻͷΪͨɾ͸ʮ㡣
ȻŸЦȴͻȻֹסЦŵĿǰߵҲǾˡ
ʮ֮⣬ƽȣ˵ӡ
ѵ
һɨȴؿڵȫʳƬؿڵƤȴֻǱѪ߹
⡭ôܣ
ֳִ󴸵ľħߵɴ۾һһҲҪҳɱˣȻֻˣ
壬ѵ𻹼̣
ʱ֮еħҲǾޱȣԭˣһܶᣬǿȣһʵǳס
ɹؼԷˣһĹɱͻˣԶһ¶ħ˵ɱ
ԭˣû뵽Ȼһ
ǵеǾħĹɲǸǵġ
ѵǡս黤壿
ħԺһˡ


637 ڵʵ
ս־֣սʣȴԸκζϣɱһöҶս飬ն鱦ҲζţҶڸսһ˲䣬ӲѾ˱
ͬܽսȵĸڱ֮ϣñ׸Ӽ̡
˵ѣܶս֮󣬲ܲ硣
սףֻսһ㡣
սȴѣΪҪսֿһȵ档
ղһ˲䣬֮սɢȵķֲǰƤΪһ壬ɲǼƤؽƷףټϴ֮߹ǣ߽ϣӲĿס˾ħһ
ʶЩһ˲䣬ħˣڵս飬ԷĻ壬Ĳٿ֮£
Ĳٿ֮£ǲζѾˣ
ħʱ͵ϮɫƾӲôܣ
ѵʲôֳ־޴˭ܽ忹סһ
ϻҵģ
һħһһ̤
ɽ
Ϊȷһɱħó似ܳʱɱһǾͼˡ
ֻ¡һ죬ڵĵ汻ǾħһñѿԪ֮Уٴα׷ɣȫ飬Ѫ죡
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ֳִ󵶵ľħҲЩˣղſó似Ҳֻǽˣô£
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ڵڶιɲܻɱʱӿһɲԤУһĻ»ἫΪ⣡
ڵʵ̫ˣ
ȫħԪעеĳ֮Уһֱȡ飡
Ҫؿڡ鶼ػҪԴһҸ顣
Х̺ſһŤ˿ռ䣬ص
һ˲䣬ԪͻȻеħƷ·һӿȥ纣һХʱ̣Ȼ˫ۣһ˵Ŀ
Ȼۣд󾪣ʱѾ˻أһħԪת޷ܵĵزһӵ£㶨ʱոѣѾܺ͸񵲡
Х£˫۵ʱ򣬳Ѿͷߵľ롣
䣡
ⱬϯֻ˫Ȼһ𣬻ڱѣеĳһ㲻ǰֺ
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㡭ˣǰǿѾȫⷶ롣
ʱɱ䣬ȻȻɢʵ޷ֿ֮У
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˵תɶݣеıҪˣһѾܴгˣ
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Цһһץʱ
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ʱʱһΣסˣֻöԷжѣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
Ųһ屬ȥûгǹֻеĳԹǹֱӴ

Ъ˹ĺֽгһһ
ֻصʽ֪Ķ֣Ҫ֮ǰƴˣԴ˱ط
ȻļƻעҪˡ
ֵһ˲䣬оԼΧʱٱøӻһһ룬ĳȴ̵ؿڡ
սע֮Уֻꡱһ죬ֽͬűӴƵǸ谭ĹᴩĻħԪ̶紩һٶȹᴩ塣
ֻĿһڿյģǰȴѾʧˣͷһദѾһ۴ϸͨ͸Ѫ
Ϊٶ̫죬Ѫδ
˲ɱڵ˵ʲô
Ȼת䷽򣬿ռ·سɴ磬ֻǼĿԽ׷һħ
ǸħѾһľ֮ɫʱͻȻ֣ɫ䣬֯ʲôķȻʵ֯ҲͽͣĹٶȸС
һĨâĳ˾ħߵʺϣΪٶʵ̫죬ħߺѵͬʱͷ­
һͷ­
һԷۿͬû˿֮ȺѾɱ֮ʱıһɱ
ߵı֮ϣһ˲䣬ļ׵ȫϡã
³ɱϢʱ䣡
ߣڵ˵޷֮ɱǼֱɱһף
ڵ֮·Ϊδͻƣȴս飬֮ʵѾӵгʵˣֻģѷɫ١
ʵɱߣֻһ˲顣
ɱߣֻڵɱ滺
ʱʬ֮ϣŨصɷɢڰצʮħ
ڵ˵ɷ۵ħǸЦѡ
ָһս鸽ڿ֮ϣ˲佫ħ
ħ󣬻ɷԴԴϵĻ۵ڣħ֮ϡ
ʮԳԽԽԭֻʮħڣɱʮħڣһʮħڣɱ֮ħٽһʮھ硣
ٶȳɳħĿ˸ʮħԽԽˣܣħУҲʮħ⽫ҵûᣡ
ħޡɱ񡢵𣬵ǲҪˣʵ֮ͨ·ʵ̫ǿ
Ѿɡ
һֻɱʮħ֮󣬱ӵУ
ɫ˵ֽ䣬̽ЩֽʲôʱħԺ𣺡ֱǸޣˣ


638 ǧǧ
Ȼħ̾һʵŴﵽ̶ֳȣ
򡭡ħ΢΢һ̾һǸֲĵط̫ˣҵˣҲĺСһ鷶Χڻ򣬲֪жٸ֣֪жʿֲţĿֲĪĸо
ǵһϲţħϿ̾ı飬ʵ򵽵ж󣿡
ħжҶ˵˵¼λɣҲܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棬û´Ļ½һλϣֻǳԶм˺嫵ĺ󡣡
ܴ½ʥħ½ڵЩ¼λɵ磬ͨ˵ǧǧ磬ǧͨ˵ǧǧǧǧҲһǧˣ˵ж٣
Ƥһͨ˵СǧΪһǧǧΪǧǧҲǰǧǧΪǧǧǧҲʮڣ
ʮ磬
ôλ棬ܿܿжٸ֣
ħֵЩ̬ѾķˣЩ壬һѪ࣬츳޷
һѪ𡭡
һ̳һ֮Ѫһιŷ֮ѪѪҺǿʣıԪԣһʡ
⻹ֻһѪϵѪҺһѪֻΣ

ؾؾϹŷģνϹŷ壬ħ˵һô
뵽о̾Լؾֻǲμսʸǧꡢơɵˣ˵ʥŮȻؾȴҲֻսˣ
еս˵˾ڻҡ
򡭡
һʶսȭͷһ嫵磬ѧʥء
֣ţսƣ
и֣ţһˣ֣߷壬ͻƱķչǱֻнһƵУг۷Ļᡣ
ħ⣬߰ɣĬ˺һ˵·Լ£ܷ߳ԻͣҪԼڴµĻ
Ǽӿٶȣ
Ѿѵͼ֮еĶԺУӰŲȽħȥ
ڣͼаѾȫвЩħеĴڣҪСĽЩʵ

˾ħһǧԶûκͣ٣ӹȥ
죬ħһǧԶѾƽħӵǧΣϵȻ̺ĻԵҲۺ졣
ħ⣬ˣ
ħֱܳʵʮͨ̽ĵطҲֻħ϶˺˵һСطÿ̽ħӣ̽ߵ̽ϱߵ
Ҫҵ˲ѡ
ôĺôǣһΣգΪ㵱ƣͿŻ۲͵Ϯаһٻɱ
һ˵а͵Ϯ֡
ʵߣҲЩǱѡ񣬲ǿӣǴĸʸͣЩ͵аۼҪǵ
һ·һֱħ֪ȫѰΧߣͬʱݼеĵͼԱΧĵΣ׻ѰһԵ

ʱھڵǧ֮⣬һСڼĴ£̽һƬء
ƬطԲʮﷶΧеɳʯֳѪɫƬΧɽԶԶȥɽͬҰ޵ǣʮﷶΧػ
ĵòƹŹ֮
ɰ⣬ȷƬ֮£˵ؽħ֮ǣѰ˺ܾ֮һ԰ʯʵʻĶһħߣⰫħɫɰ
һ༸ʮڣ֮ͻΪͻɶ뿪ͨλɰѾѪɱԭʮ꣬ħΣǵĴˣνḻЩ򵼲̫ࡣ
ɰ̽һòڵûȷиߵȼħ֮ǣ㿴ΧɽγһȻɷɷ£ֵطγħ֮ǣοڽµسֳĺɫҲӵħ֮ǵһֱ֣ħ֮Ǿڵؽϣܽӽף
ɰ˵ڳ߶Щ˷ˣħ֮ǣǴ˵еĶˣûָڳǸֻҪһؽħ֮ǣǾ֪ˡ
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639 
߸˵СӣɫһҾСʱɰԵúģЩȴˣԵǰǵջܴ
ţʲô
һħ߿ԶͰһͷһ㣬ԭڵϳһͷûʲôֵģǾħȴڷͷϸܵһŨ궯
þħһͻǷͷʲô᲻ɰ˵ĵؽħ֮ǣ
뵽ħߵһȷûע⵽֮󣬾ħŵ˷ͷ
ƬɫзԲʮǵСӷֿѰһԵ˭ҵˣȻ˷ˡ
ħߴʱǱִ㣬ʮ־裬Сĵͷ֮ǰվʱоŨˡ
Ȼ˶
ԥԥҪ־־ףֽгһ˳ҪȫЩǾոճꪵһ˲䣬ͻȻһ˫Ŀ飬Ѫ·ɲǼ䱻սһ㣬廯ΪҷɣѪ֮򻯳һƺ˷ͷУ
һ΢紵ħµǵ΢ĻҽɢʼգħԶûһ
СӼѰңһʱ֮˷ֲԾˡ
мƾʧˣ
ͣ£ͣ£һߺûҴõԪôá˺ܶ࣡
СӵԺۼһʱһƾʧˣǾȻ֪
˶ȥĶˣ
ڳߣܵһ󳹹ǵĺ⣬ǿɲΪĵ뿪˶飬ĿܾǣǱɱˣ
˶ǿߣôɱһҺûüֲ̫ˣ
Ǳ뿪
Ծ޸ɫ˵ԵȻˣôûʲôûҵȴϢôȥ˭֪ٸˣ
ң˵Ӷûȥȫ˲ɱʵ̫ˣ
ԵǰܲûȥǾԼɵˡ
һ˳ȥ
һŰʯħǳԱҲŸ͵
ˣۿҪҵˣΪʲôҪˣʱߣһġɰҡҡͷ˵
ǰѾüĿˣҵħӾҪ׼֮·ôûΣգ
һţΪĿɰһҲɫ
ɰĿô˵ǰ뿪һ㶣¶һǼֱˡı顣
ִ£ǹܲţߣԾ޸˵̧꣬žҪ뿪
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ɰ˵ͻȻɱħԪ
ȥ
Ȼֽгһĺ󱳣
Ϭĵâпռ䣬Х
Ծ޸ҲǷ֮ȻɰʵԲҲ̫࣬ħ֮Уʱʮ־裬¶ԶѵҲûзɹЩɱħͷ˵ͱʵ飡
޸һ˿ŭâȻתһ޽һģһն
䣡
ħԪײ޸ƺһ屩ˣϾֲִ٣ټʵһȥ˵ҲֻǳԿѣδˡ
һ˳ʮԶ޸˫ĿѪ죬ɰ⣬
ٺ١ɰЦһĳƺ׼ȥˡ
㡭޸ưոݣŭӿ̤ǰһʱͻȻġšһһĿ֮£飬ѪҺ·ɲһ㣬廯ɷɻңţȫѪһ⣬ûһ΢΢¡֮С
ͻı仯԰ʯ꾪ˣɲǼһɺ͸˲ȥ޸ôģֻʶһ㣬޴Σ֮Уɫһأأ
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ߣһɫĿƴˣ
һǹֱ̳ı
ͬʱɰҲһ֣ͬһסʯܷ
ʵʯֻħǣͲκһĶ֣ο˼л
һ棬ʯӲĿĹȴɰħԪɨУѪ
ٺ٣ĸļƷɣ
ɰһĿĹںΪһһ˲˰ʯĻԪһֻѪֱܵ۱ն
ʯҽһɰһЦһ̤ʯߣһĳ
䣡
ıɰУ嵹ǵͰķ
߶ûһȫѪɣһû˷֮С
һ㣡
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Ŀ˵תеĳЦ˵λѣôãɣ
ûκηӦĿЦҪΪթ㣬ĿΪ˫ܿޣĿǰٺõ۷ҲûãԹԳҹҲһ
Ŀ˵ţгǹ£ǹֱָеĳ
ʱշһŤ·ռ䱻˺һ㣬һ̤˫ֿտգĿƽһƵӡ
꣬
ڿռ俪ʼŤһ˲䣬ĿɫЩˣȷʵӵһ˫ص۾ܸв⵽Χ˵ĿδԹʵֻҵصλã֪ôصġ
ԭΪĳһ۷û뵽ǲŤռ֮С
ÿռΣֶ˺ռ䣬ڿռѷ֮УһϢܴ½Ǵ˵еļˣս۶δܹʹá
õһַʽΧĿռŤȻת䣬ӹ壬ΣһּΪͬҪԿռ⾳ﵽߵĳ̶ȡ
Ŀʱʶһֵļһ
̤Ťռ䣬Ŀ֮ɫױˣǡ
ɰҲд󾪣㻹ţ
˾ۼħӱԵһǧشʱʧٵϢѾ˲֪ҸݵʱϢĸʼ
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ʧٴ£֮һ˺ᴩħǧľ룬ħԵôģʱھʲô
ɰͷͻȻ͵һ㡭ͻˣ
ɰע⵽Ϊڣ
ڽħ֮ǰֻа벽ճûиʱͻƣȴֻһʱͻˣͻƵص㻹ħ֮У
֮ǰʧٵϢһֿ֮ܺˣǾǡħ˻ԵǴԵ


640 ʬ
һΪʲôôˣɰм֮
ǻԵʲôױȫõˣʣ࣬Ҫ֤һ㣬ɱ
뵽ɰӿһɱɱ֤õĻԵɻνһ˫
Ȼɰǰɱѹ
ȻйʵֻǴţжǿд֤ܹһߵȻмֱ£ټͻĻ
ɰĿһۣȴԷҲһɵ֮ɫɫжǰʵǲ˵ټ϶һƻһЩ
ˣɰĿҲûɱİգһӵĻպȻ±
ǿɲΪԼ츳ᳬ
ɰеɱȻһţǱˣ΢΢һЦ˵ôɱǵʽ
ɰɫһЦֵ˵ЦˣҾˮˮ߸·Σ
߸·Ƿһ̵ĻȣʵõĻ类ɱƷ˰ɣ
ԲѺõĻɰ΢΢üȷʵ㽻֣ҲҪΪ㣡κβǣҲû㣬ҪǷ㣬ֻҪ㲻а飬㲻뿪
뿪һЦûв´Ļķͷʵһʬݹʬȡ߰ɣ
ʬݵ֣ɰɫȻһ䣬ȺħĴΣȻḻĵرΪ˽⣬ǵһν룬֪ôࣿ
ʬݣڷĶĲݣӼڵۼǿߵʬ֮УʬΪϣУҪϵߵѪ֮ǺˣΪһʬݣԱ֮˯״̬ڲ׽˵Ķô
ʬݵ⣬Ȼڼµÿ˵һ䣬ɰɫѿһ֣˵꣬ɰɫ׳ɱִ֣Ҫһˣ
ָҡҡͷûĻʬȱһϣͬʬЩɵϵĻӦ㹻ˣ
ɰĿͬʱŭ˲ٷϻһһл
ɫƽֽһĨǹХ
֮⾳

˵Ұȫҫ۵׹⸲ǣһǹ̳ĵִ
ʲô
Ŀһǹڵ֮ϣɫ䣡ħԪȻһ˲ͱɸɾ˿δʣ
ʯ֮䣬ɲĿϸ룬ǹɨ̺ս־ɫ籬
սԸκ֮ϣǿҲ飡
ںսХֱɰüġ

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648 ʬɷ
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ħ˵ħӾڶһ㣬ԽԽ󣬿ռŤľԽ߳ȥԽѡ
֣һֱһҪŤĿռԹ߳һֱҿռԹĳ·
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˱д󾪣ëʬΪʬɷߵʬ屻а鸽ȡؼɷγɵĹ
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΢΢üʬɷ壬ɷӲѾ׷ƷˣڶľȺ˵ĹƲʬɷķ൱Ǵݻһױ

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ʯҲʥشˣǵֻ֮ʬɷǰл˲䣬ӲŤת壬㿪湥ȴ䵽ۡ
ʬɷɫצ޼᲻ݣֱ˺˺ʯĻħԪƤ⣡
ˣúʯɫ䣬Ŀ۵ƤۿٶȸʴĵľʹŤ亹죡

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һϣȹһǣƣľȺѸٵսжϣղżζ̶̵Ľ֣ЩʬɷȻǿֲٶҲȴһ㣬Ǿǵǻ۵£Ӧ
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⹥׸ж̬


650 Ե
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651 ħ֮
Դ壿ʲôԴһ̲סʵԴȻȤͷ˫ޡ
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СӣҲò˵Ѿ̫ˣһƷħ֮ǣ
Ʒħ֮Ǻĸ󣿡ʵ
Ʒħ֮ǣֻҪʵ㹻ߣֿϸʱѰңܹҵ٣γ֮ûдԵͱˡ
ͷ˵һЩʥħ½˵»ħ֮ǵɣഫħ֮ǵ߾שҲˣرɷǻڵۼǿ߱Եܵõһöħ֮ǣɾ͵ۼǿߵĸʱȻӡ
뵽ﲻɷһۣȻڶԷпŨṴ֮̃ɫ
˳ɵ۵ĻԵǰôܲģҪǴԵܳɵˣ
ûɷĿʯף
֪Ŀʯܿʲô
˵Ʒħ֮ˣħЦŵ٩ܲȻ˵дﶼ;Ԫϵģòϣʵָϣֽһˡ
΢΢˫ַڵĿʯ֮ϣƿ
š¡¡Ŀʯ׿ˣȻ龰ȴȫסˡ


652 Ů
ȫͣҲǷ׷ʯ״̬֮ǰѾʶһײĵĵؽƷħ֮ǣ޼֮ԼѪɱԭԭδõħ֮ǡ
˵ĿʯײܿʲôǶľˣû뵽ǰ龰
һʯȫƿʯףþ
ڴ֮ǰĿʯеľвƷƷħ֮ǣǿյģ̫ȡ
Ȼû뵽ĿʯУȻһŮӣ
һŮӣ
ɫ˿׷ɢӨļ·֮ԵľΨ׵òʯ̶ɣŮӣؾɵΨˡ
ŮӾôʯ֮У˯ˣỳɣǳĽëһ̾ͻᶶһ£һ˫һ۾
ô죬ʮŮһ̫ʱĴܣ
о޷ţǰŮռΪᣬ಻ʮ꣬ŮߣǾһǹ
ǹѾϵˣֻʣСأҾСҲ𻵵Ĳˣһ٣ͺѵֿµʴʮʱ䣬˰ǹѾࡣ
󣬵ǹսɳ˺εȼҵս٣Ҳ档
Ȼǹġ
еЩ˼飬ӡУһŮӦǣôҲû뵽ɵĳǹ
ʶľҪȥǸѾòӵĶǹʱԺȴħ⼱ٵҪ
һ֣ˣԼ³çˣޱȵħ֮Уһ³çĶɱ֮
ħԥһ˵Ůȴ̺ʮҵ֪ʵǡ
ħҡҡͷħۣҲһ̫ˣŵǿǰħ۸ͲʲôˣҪ֪Χܷʥأħ⼶һ֮ࡣ
ħԭͲ򶥼ħ⻹ֻħ۵Ļ裬֪͸Ϊˡ
ʬ壬Ĵʮˣʮ겻ʮ㣬˯һѾҵⷶΧˡħҡͷпıϲҴħʵںټ
ŮʬȻ֪ŮʬΪܴʮʱ䣬Կ϶ŮǰһֲܷʥʥŮģй֮
Ҳʵﵽһ֮󣬼ʬҲܴʮ겻࣬˭֪أ
֡⣬⵽ô°ľȺŹеŮʬòϣŮʬƽŮ֪ѾˣȴȻĶ
һ׷ҲǰŮʬипŮӣΪξء
Ҳ֪ӦĹصԭ֮һɣʬʮ겻ľ磬Ѿˡ
ĿŮʬһۣȻʯס
ţǴ㡭ľȺ΢΢һ
˰ɣڴ˰ߡҡҡͷ
ŮʬôħЩȣ˵ŮʬʲôãϿܴŵĶһʲƸûУֱӷʬ壬Ҫܴ־Сħֹȥһ˳ǹоףҪûд׷ʯס
ǰڴˣҿʯѾǴˣ°ѳƷĻĹ⣬ߣŭԹο˾ηϹߣǰޣñµĹĽ֣̫
ңħޱȣ̺δ֪캦֮£δز䣬Ĺеֻʬɷʯദ˲֪ǧʱ䣬ȴʯ˿δʲôǼɵĶɣ絽Ϊֹڴ˰ߡ
˵䣬ʯϲ˼ӡʯס
ħͷȷʵЩʬɷϲʳĶʯеŮ룬ͷȻӰԺ󣬾ʹûκζˣжʲôԭ򣬻ʬɷηǿߵưɡ
һʯ֮ϣ׸ǳ׷ӡʯһĻ˵ʲô뻹ûпڣ᲻ʯеѳƷǰʵûʲôڵʸ
ˣ
ʯȫӡ֮תߣ赭д˵˵һƷķɡ
һ仰˵ʯɷĶᵽɤˣԵ
ؼİ
ʯ׵ĶóһǼֵǣǽɫԲ̹ʵħ֮ǣѪɱԭԭҪۺ죡
һһħ֮ǣһöɫʵԼʮؽƷħ֮ǣҪħ֮ǣɫʵԼһĵؽƷħ֮ǣʣµģǷ֡
һ仰˵ʯһ飬ģ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ֻа˿ؽƷħ֮Ǹ˷֣˵еʵֵܷһ൱ˣ
ǧٴξվȻֵֻһؽħ֮ǣʯеܽܣ
ɷҲɫ΢ʵֵܷؽħ֮ǣǵؽħƷ֮ǣҪڣħ׼ۣãͻƵۼƿʱ򣬵ؽƷħ֮ǵޣһؽħ֮ǻ޷ȷͻƵۼ
ɷҧҧĿһ۵ʯеħ֮ǣһ˿ŨṴ̃Ͳʡ
ħ֮ǣ˵̫ҪˣȻԵǰһӶûϣˡ
ǲҪЩˡɷвǾͣʱɲҸֽ
о䷽ʵּۻ۵Ŀռ䣬ȡĻǾֻˣȡһֻᡣ
ħ֮ǿҲһˣԷ
ǰǲ̫˰⣬ôЩҲƽֻ֣Ҫܸʮ֮һҾ֪ˣҽǧ첲ˣôۣҪЩջ񰡡
ʯһгͷģæŸͣҪʮ֮һֻּۻ۵Ŀռ䣬ʵǶʮ֮һɥʧһۣصʥҲҲܲĴˣټʵͻƵۼĻʮãˣܰסǰĻԵͻƵۼĸʻܴϼ֡
񡢶ľȺûʲôʾȻҲ۲ǿħ֮ǺǽɫʵҲûĻûˣһ˵ʵһ˶̣Ҳûκΰ취
ο˲⣬̤ۼǶħ֮ǵĿԶûкʯɷôǿҡ
˺ʯĻǷһ̵Ļȣ̰ĵСᣬԷĬĬĽܣʩ㶫ᣬֱӸıˡ
˵ʯҼǵƺ˵ܰúõĴȥֽĶңʲôҪûǴɣ
һ赭дķֱúʯƿԡ


653 ɱ
ʯʱ򣬵ȷ˵ֻҪܳȥвƸĻʱʯǶ״̬ĳŵҲͲΪˡ
ۿǿ󣬲ҳ˴˳ǧķұʵҲ뺷ֻʬɷһ˸㶨˿ĿԺܴ
в֮£˻᲻һеֻҪܻţԷκβƸвһûˣͻ̰ˣ˵ӸҲǱԣοǰĻԵǿ󣬺ʯܲģ
һ仰ʯԭЩڵºڵĸˣȷʵ˵Ļֻǡһǧһ·ϳȻûôɱУǸ㵱˵ưɣ㿴Ҷ˸첲ķϡ
ʯû˵ֱ꣬ӱˣΪңǧģ㡮󡯶˸첲
һķʣúʯƿԣʬɷҳȥԲŶһֱۡ
ʯսȭͷ޼£ֻΨΨŵŵ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ʱɷڵ֪ûĻ˭Ҳ˵õЩԴˣֻǡ˵ȻʳƵۣԴˣʵЧҲɣһҲòˣ˵һȭͷСĵؽħ֮ǵļֵһǿħ֮ǵļֵʮǽɫʵȻ֪ʲôҲħ֮ǴΣҲʮļֵʮؽħ֮ǣһһٵļֵֻ˰˿ؽħ֮ǣŰٷ֮˰
ʵҪֻ࣬Ҫ֮һķ֮һħ֮ǣҳһεۼƿˣҿԷģֻҪҳΪۼǿߣһһӼǵô˶ʱҪĻԸЧȮ֮ͣ
ɷĵ˵ۿҪĵӡ
Ϊޱ˵ȷʵòôԵ˵ؽħ֮ǶҵˣѺˣǻҪáľģҿϾǣҲǳȥģǳȥѾ御ڻԵƾʲôָ㣿
γǳŷˡ֮ˣ֮ǶѣϾһһСҪȥ׽ǵʱҲǳȰ裬ȷʵΪİΣǡ
ȻֻЩˮĽ飬壬㵭ĽҲʵչһ£֮ǰͣǼˣֿóһɵԴָˣǿ˷ߵӡ
ںʯɷɱھˣҪԵΣ
ʵҪ֮׼ĴŪʯɷϾħ֮ǣȥΪʸ֮ġ
ɷ˵ʲôǴĿ⣬ɷֻסˣоĳʲôͲ׸ıˣûиּۻ۵Ȩֻѡܣ߸ɴʲôҪ
ʵˣް취һ˾ܰȫɵˡ
ɷھ˶ħ֮ǵķǷ֮룬Ҫؽħ֮ǻȥʤޣʱԺȻһ㲻õħ֮ô㲻ۼƿô
˭
ͻɷһ亹Ժģеκһ
ѵǡ
ɷĿתĿʯףɫɷףɣ
жȻӿ뷨ӽŸðһɺűֱ飬ȷʵҪħ֮ǣֹϹϵ
ʱɷȻע⵽ʯ֮ǰɫѿĺʯȻѾɫãͫʧȥ˽ࡣ
Ҳˣɷд󺧣ҿӣʯѾݽȥˣ
ʱɷȻ֣ǺʯߡľȺˣҲɫ䣬жľȺ񻹺ã֮ͫУҲٳһ˿ãɫ
ˣɷӿһǿҵĲУʱŶȻæתͷȥҰһ̱˰ããģһƬУһս׵ľǿߣֳأ
ǿòɷԼһģһ
⾹ȻʳƵۺӣ
ҷʳƵˣҷʳƵˣɷԺлصͷһʱڻ֮ʧңʲôڣʲôδ
߻һԵ㣬һ깥ͻƿ֮ʱͿܳΪħľ֮ɵ
ɷħΪǿߵִ
ʱ˿̣֮֮УҲֻһƵĶľȺܹסģҲǶͷɫѿ
ڶľȺȻʵǱļᶨҲܱѣߡɷʯˣȫˡ
˭һݣֳǹȫ䱸־ᶨӵսֻ⣬ȫ깥
ûɢһ£ֱӽˡ
Χûκаļѵǡ
ȻĿתƵĿʯ֮ϣ

Ļ룡
Ǻεȥʮ꣬һ־ҲԼܿġ
ʱħţŮӣħ֮ǣˣħ֮ǣȻͨ飬ôı˲׽ɣ
ħһӵˣħ˵ħ֮Ǳͨ飬Ӳ׽Ѷȣʵϣĵؽħ֮ǾѾͨˣ׽ĻǾԣջɱ߳Ϊϡ
ԭ
ص³һһħ֮ǣ̫ɵ
Ȼһ̤ħ֮ǷӡʱʯͻȻһͺֱɱ
ؽһᣬֱɨĲӣ
ʯ׿ˡ
Ȼħ֮ǼɵԲſƺʯ𹥻ˡ
һĻһȻˣǹֲˣ
ԺʯɲΪ˼޹֣ɵڶסʯͬʱѹħ֮ǡ
ǲᱻƣֵ˭
ֳǹа֮һǹɨȥ
飡
ؽɣʯֱ۾𣬻ֱӱѡ
۹ǰӤһ㡣
Ȼؽ֮󣬺ʯɱҪסĲӣ˫ѾһƬͨ졣
龰Цղ̺ս飬սʣԻһУꡢħȵȸûʵʵĶ
Ҫʯ֮ħһǹЧʯɲһеҪɱԼ˿ʯʹԼħеĺ󣬲Ż᲻һеɱ
޿ɾҩ
ޱ飬ǹ¶ϣ綾һֱ̳ȥ
һǹ̺ս飬ͬʱעа֮
ۣ
ڷսӳ֮£ʯĻħԪͬϵƤⱻһǹֽһĴ̴Ѫ


654 ʮ۷壡
һǹɱˣľȺɫһ䣬ڳг֮ѵˣ
ʯʥشˣ˵ɱɱˣǹ
ۿҲ𽥱ˣľȺЩˣô죿Ҳһɱ˰ɣ
ǹһգһѪʯ˼۾Ѫ죬˫ðѪĲӣ޺޵Ķ
ǼƷ
źʯǵ͵İǣԼľжΪֲԴģҪպ󱨸ûƣҲɱɲȥһңŷµĽѵӡ̣ʥħ½ˣҲ޼Ҿ죬ҲŹκһ
ɣ
꣡
һںʯĲϣֱնĺǣʯһ̲һĵ¡
һʥشˣ޶ա
תħ֮ǣס־Ϯһ߹ȥħ֮ǻˣţصĺХʼƴĴ߶̺ĵ־ȻЧ
һֻ÷־Ͷ뵽ϡ
ǣߺɷҲʧȥ۾еһ˿һһɱ

һ˿ɱ
֣飡ľȺһĻд󼱣Ϊħ֮ǵ־ңˣǺһҲʱоΪĶЩֲ֧סˣ
ԶľȺľ棬ţǹһսעУһ̣Ѥǹâ
Χʱ˲仺ߺɷһ˲䣬ǹ
һǹɷ࣬һǹߵüģ
һĻľȺͫļ٣
Ҫ
ۣ
Ѫ֣
ħ֮ǿƵˣȻܵõһΪģȫƲʱ⾳
ǡǡĹ޼᲻ݣɷܹ˵ģ
һǹĶɷ࣬ǹһʣŰԪֱӽɷ˸飡
ͬһʱ̣һǹֱ֣üģ
ɭǹ⣬ͷųķϢöľȺĶˣ
ȴãȻȻ˵ײ
ǹһߵü룬һһѪţ
ߵȻһ·𱻳ȥ˼һ㣬̱ϵȥ
ߣ
ľȺпһ£׹ȵף
ȻΪ𣬲Ů֮飬Ͼദô꣬Ҳˡ
£һۣƽ˵ڵħѾն飬üĵ˿ѣް
ڸղŵĹУսߵľ֮նħ
սȻҲܣĶбк⣬ôħȻǿ󣬾ͻʯһ㱻˵ɲһеҪɱĻĴߺεƯһִݻ
նħѵ
ľȺסˣϾӽƷŵĳʥأʶǱȳˣ־ս˽Ĳ٣
ҲֻսȺųƿնһеĶܽߵľ֮նħ
ս飿
⡭ôܣ
ľȺ޷ţ
̤֮·Ҳĥ־ս飬־ƻ֮·ʮ죬˾ţ֮˵һ׼ۣڶ׼۵ʱ򣬾ͼֲסˣ׼ۼǿߵ־ҳܲˣοǵۼǿߣ
ԭľȺҲ־֮ټϿֲĳ˵츳ߵԣĹ֮ӣһֱߣȻսʱ⵽˲пĴҲ̫Զˡ
ѣľȺѡ˵ʯ֮·֮·ʱѾһħ൱ǰڣˣʧܣ
ʱΪҪһ󾳽磬ֻƾս飿
ÿžݣ
ϸ֮·ʱ䣬֮ΪȻֻ˰С磬˲⣬ľȺʱ;òԾ룬ѡ־ƻ֮·һ·ߵսΪֹ
־ƻ֮·ֻĥ־ΪΪޣһýΪʲôΪֻôһС㡣
죡
Ǻε츳ȶԣʲô޼ֱʲôˣ
ľȺһηĵĶηٽΪ֣Ϊ߳Ƶһ档
Ҳʥħ½һֵŶܿգ̤ɾһ
ľȺһͷ֮ʱҲЩʧˡ
ڷǳʧ֮ǰһ̤ǹ䣬һǹڷüģ
꣡
һüĴųһѪûֱڵˣȻѣôˣ
һ˵ĿתľȺ
ľȺʱ﷢ë־֣ûκη֮
ˣնħûиɷһǹ̴ֱ࣬ɱУҪɷأ
Ϊɷصĺ⣬Ϊɷ̰Ը֮˻ĸɵɷû˿
ʶЩľȺһڿˮѵ˵ҡû¡
š
Ӧһתħ֮ȥľȺֻñһ亹Ϊղţһ£֮ǰɱĺʯɷϵħԭɷдӿ˹ȥֱħɵˡ
Ҳʱ򣬶ľȺֱϱ·ڲ˵ʮħǾȻѾʮڴɡ
ɷΪѪɱԭһͨǰ̺ɷḻþˣӿ֮󣬾һڵɷʮڴɣƿﵽ˳ʮ۷壡
ʮħֻһ֮ң
ħȻѾʮ۷ˣ
ľȺһ֮зôȥɾʮħǲܣ
ɾʮħ
ľȺΪʥشˣȻ֪ʮħѪɱԭ˵ζʲôȫɵĴڣ
ѪɱԭԭĶӣδ˽Գɾʮħ
ҳɾʮħҪɱĸߵȼɾͣҲһġ
ȻϢľʮħ۷壬һ·ɱ˶
ЦʯɷܲܶһЩԵǴΪǳé®Сˣֱ뻢ıƤԼ
ΣΪС
ǶľȺʱеΨһ뷨Ͳ֪ʮ䣬Ϊʵھս飬Ը㣬Ҳǹû㡣
ˣһˣɰǧһ˻ָڵĳʥҲǲܡ
Ϊ˲뵽ЩľȺž亹乡
ں˼ʱʱѾߵħ֮ǵǰ
һö̺˲д־ħ֮ǣ־ħ֮ǣǡǡµһ֣Ĺͭս飬ͻ˵ѥɦࡣ
ۿħ֮Ƿ̶Ľһֻһ㡣
Ϊ⣬һģ⣡


655 ڶ
֮УصɫǹսХս뵽֮Уħ֮
սԸκιֶ֮ϣȻҲ
ɫķӡս֮󣬱øϬ
ֻһħ֮ǷһĲҽУֽʵͷƤ顣
ƴ־Ȼһжֻͽ͡
ľȺڲԶôĿģڳг֮⣬˽־սˣҲȻħ֮ǵĹֶΡ
Դʼӡħ֮ǺϵѹȻʧȻħ֮Ƿ˼ȫֿǼˣȴ治ɫ·ûһ㡣
öǿ־
һʱ֮ħ֮ǵХԽԽȫʧľȺ߽ȴʯеħ֮Ѿһļӡ
ӡɫ֮ר˹а֮ѹħ֮ǣʵֶˡ
ˡ
ħֽ֮֮Уȡһĵؽħ֮ǣİ˿ؽħ֮ǣȻľȺ˵ġ
⡭ʵҪֵģǧ֮Уȫƾ֣ܻųȥѾǲеҡ
ľȺʯеİ˿ħ֮ǣЦ˵
ʵһ۴С͵ȼ˽Ʒħ֮ǣʥҲǴײˣľȺôĵԴҲǰһȭͷСĵؽħֵ֮Ǯ
˵ľȺǰĵؽħ֮һȤûǲܵģɵ֮ǰ磬ħ֮ǲҪҲա
෴óʵĽõĺôҲࡣ
˿ؽħ֮Ƕ˵ѾˣĸǣҲǺ
ʼʱѾˣǧꡢԼһ˶Ҫؽħ֮ǣҪˣټСϰĻ飬ð˿顣
⡭Ҫɣһһ飬Σһؽħ֮ǣ˵ҲˡľȺٴƴǵ˵ʱ˷һۣȴȫûб̬˼Ȼʲôͬˡ
룬ƴǣֱӽħ֮ʵϸ룬ǧ⣬ơϻˡҲҪʵչһ£ն飬ҲҪһģˡ
ľȺħ֮ǣ΢һĽνԴϲˡ
֣ڳȥô
һʱ䣬ҡҡͷħӽһ֮ãǽŲ°ˡ
ͻƣ־δսȻǿ󣬵ȴ궯ȣһ۳Ĺ̡
ļʱȻµΣգĥ󿳲񹤣ڣһ԰ȫĵطʵȹ˵
һ£涼״̬뿪
Ļû˻ʲôľȺͷҲá
ʵЩľȺҲ񾭸߶ȽţȷʵҪһˣԼոЩʶģĹѨһµϢ
һ
ȡһЩƷѪɷܿ⣬ʼչˡ
ħվڣʲô͵Ϯͻ磬ֻҪħѣʱ
ʱһһĹȥΪûߣȴڻĹš
ûжõؽħ֮ǣĵر൱ڻҩ궯ң̷ؽħ֮ǵĻֻøȣӰպΪ
̸һḶ́ʱ֮ڣ벻ͣתŵ⣬滹вɢԪᾧһЩҵ̬Χת
Щҵı־
Ҫģǰȫɻ۵õ棬ν̻Ļ۹ˡ
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뵽޸ҲԥʲôܸɴĽԼֽ䣬ſ֮
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һͨϲַ޸ЩȻûʲô˵ˣȥˡ

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ħƲԭĲ䣬ΪĲƸŲɼһЩƶѪɷʯΪ֧š
ħƲԭ˵ħƲԭϵ˺ɡ
ڣҲɴˣҲٹҪˡ
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ȻǵڵĲ䣬ȴûȥʹŶľȺߺͷϹŴڵĴѩɽ֮ϡ
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ϹŴ󣬾ѩɽһ֮У¶ȼͣˮɱա
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á
ľȺ˷׷Уģ˴ĴҲ״μ뵽ǰܴ½Ƕǳڴ
ҪΪߣͲƫһ磬ǵһϵ硣
˵ţһƷƷԪʯ˳̶һ̣󣬱ŷʵİ׹⡭
վڰ׹֮Уипǧܴ½ڻˡ


669 ˵Ϣ
ϼϿλ˵ϷԶĵ콻㣬ΪкڴˣˮĿʣ˳ϼϿԴḻвٵͼ޻ڴʳ
ǣͳ˷˺ߵ԰⴦ǣһοԻ÷ḻʳŰ
ǳϼϿһƽ磬ƮŵıϼϿÿÿϦ֮ʱкӳڱ֮ϣԶԶȥһƬ糺죬纣һŻ𣬳ϼϿɴ˵
̣żмԾˮ棬̰һںµĿԾˮУһжԵ͡
Ȼһ֮ȴһļХˣϵı͵˺һȺֻ߲ʳһʮˣȴֻֻƽһֻϵߣϴˣƣ֮ɫ·׷ɱ
Уˡط߶ѾˣٷɸٰʮЩǾҪѪˣʱǱɣ
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ΪǰĻ΢΢ĬڳЩ߶ϺСųеƽߣҲֻƷţһƷеһųϣΪߣҲš
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ڵϺɲǰ޸࣡ûзҲ˵ֻܿӾˣҪһȺγһ·Ȼǲܵģ
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˹˵ⷬǱһϣǷش½ȻԹԵ˵꣬ȴɫѾĿ£˫Ŀ֮䣬ƺһȼգ
һĻĪͷһȻֹ
˵˵ƵˣĿ⼸Ϣ
ǡǰ˵ڡѾɡˡһڿˮĿİͰ͵˵о·һ̾Ҫһ㡣
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ʱľȺͻȻڣһźĴ磬ֻѹڴڵĴղ˵Ǽ仰·͸֧һ㡣
ΪͬʱӵƲıͼߴѹˡ
֣ǻҪӳ飬Ҳûãλ̨˼սʱ˵δؾͳˡ
ľȺѾµ˵֮ϵǳ⵹ЩˣΪӦһʥس̸˼˵ƺֻһеȵŶѡ
ѵ˵ģܰɣ
֪˫Ŀ΢գٶ֮ʱеĽѾȥȡ֮һƽ֮еɱߣ


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λˡܡܵһôۿҪߣд󼱣һ仰ѿڶ
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΢΢üʱﵢ顣
ûûˡĿ⣬һͣԭõĻͲҿˣܴܲһȥ뵽Ⱥ˵ٶһȫţûˡ
ûע˵˼תߡ
߲µǵ뷨΢΢һЦ֮ǰֽȡһС˵ˣӦÿǰȫ뿪ϺΧˡ
ǡ˿Сһδü²ʲôͼһףСӭǣϢ֮󣬾Ǵһһ̵߳СľǳһʮɳĴۣ
ɢľϢ˴סˡ
ҲǱһ֣ͬƷǰۣû´ĻǵؽƷ
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Ҫ֪ܴ½һƷųܹӵһؽƷѾǳˣؽƷ̫ϳϼ߲ſӵС
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Ŀɿڴһ۵ļֵڵƷŵܲƸҪ
ɡӣ㡭˳ͣоԼ·һ㡣
ߺǺһЦ˵һֻۣҪ;ûΣգӦǻش½ģ£ˡ
˵꣬һɶԶ
һЩ߻ǼӣѸԶȥıӰĿЩ롣
Щ˾ǵģŮӣʵڣĵòҲ˼ӣԲλࡣ

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Ϊ޻һʼĿħ۹ϺսװģװƾУһֱս
ħ۹˳Ѫķʽ޻αװȥˣѸƽսʱˣ
˵սѲ٣Ϻħγûսѣī壬һЩ壬ҪǿĶ࣡
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ʵǿо˵˵Ϻħȣ̫ˣֲҰܽΪ棡
ǡһ£ۿһ£ʱļǿҲȻڵǧİΣ
˵ݻ˵һŮӦòᱻصԣѡ
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Щһֳսìмļֻϣǻ˼ŮԣǵģϺܱߵϰŮӶɲ¯
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龰ľȺЦһҲøˣղɨһЩħߵΪһڶѣϺħһǻûȥͰƽˡ
ΧѰһȻб©ġʳջ񲻴ĸŮϰ츳ƷƷ֮䣬ѵõǻǴ֮һ׸ˣһϺúãĴӻڣҵڤħһ󲽰
ħСΪ׵ĴЦţСආҲãϴ⣬ɱ˰ǰٸͽֵ£
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Ȼ޳֮ǵĹҸЩŮҲֻܿڵܵУӹѡ
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ħĲɲ֮Ҳ֣һŮ˫໥ٽзŮ洦һҰɲֻһ͸֧һϺħ°ŮȻûǣǲȡΪЧĵڶֲɲʽŮʧȥǵϻ
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СӶӳ͵һȻ˸Ϻħķֲӱżˣ
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СӳоĪʱһµѾɵǰ˸һ׹⣡
ֻǿ˫һۣСӳоԼ·˫۾ȥˣȫʧȥ˿ơ
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Į˵ѻħҪн⣬ͬʱӵкܺõǿȡ
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Ϣ֮͵õϢſѾȫƵľ֮ʬһ֮ιޡ
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ħӣɱľ޸ͼħΪ൱ڵ֮䡣
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˵ԱΧС˵ڵʱ춼ˮ֮УԶԶȥ翣ɣޡ˵ڵɽ¥ȥ˼ɾһ㡣
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ȻЩϺħԴˡ
²μϴˣҩɽΧһ۵߻˿֮ݡ
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Ȼоɲȴû̳ȥԷɽţȻм̣ǶԷǰ׳ա
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뵽ԥˡ
ɱħ󣡡ߺĿֲȻǸǿҲھսʤɣǶԷ޿ֵǰк֡
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ڵĺߣһǹȴԵʵ޻֮
ЦһֱնĲӣһڱصá

ռ˺ѵ߷ĹħƣɫĻһ㱻ǹ˺д󾪣ôǿ

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ħϢǣ޻ڱչأżµͻ˰ɣʱӦûɡ
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ؾ֮⣬һػ󷨣ҪؾҪػ֮С
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ԭ;ͨϹ󷨣ֽؾ֮УսõؾϿɣûиϻѧϰķʱҪоҲѡ
СʱһЩŵתڵġȸ¼ִһɫĻͷġ
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һһ̣ͷ𣬽һ仰̶ʮĸ֣Ȼ֮ȴ̺ǧļᶨģû˵ʧԼΣҲû˵
ʮĸ֣㣬ǱʼƺһɼᶨޱȵûκأڼѺӡ
ʮ֮ڣԼ
·𿴵˰ǰǧؾ֮Уһʱ龰ִ١ᶨȴִһ˿㽣һ˿ŨŨľͲᡭ
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ڻЩա
ǧ˵ɳĳڣࡣ
ɽʮ֮ڣԼ
һ壬ĬĬս˫ȭʮ֮ԼµĳŵڣǰˣȻѾˣ;ϺľƳȥҲǧ˵ߵ룡
ʮ꣬£ҾͻҵģаģĿһͩԱ
ʲôħʵ
ħ
ǰɣ￪
ħֻҪСʱѣؾػ֮Ҳǳȫ˵䣬ֽеĺ߾Ѫȡ˳
õħʱ˯нһħռ䣬ǵһοħ
õ̫͵ףȾ˺ֵľѪħգڶοħ
ΣɱŷӣŷӵѪٶȿħ
ĴΣħ۹÷ѹƣɱһ֣ԶԷѪħ
Ѿǵˣ
Ӻ졢졢ɣ
һĽ⿪ƣʣºɫľѪûżħȽ⣬̬ĳ̶ȡ
ѵ·¶ؿķţħһعϵķġ
һĽߵľѪԼؿڡ
ֻؿһȣžѪ㱻ħˡ
֮õħٴӭʵǿ߾Ѫ
ͣ
ѪյͬʱͬԶҩڵϣ·ʲôʴһð˿˿̡
ͷŸ֪ؿڴħܸܵħѪ֮һš
ŹʮϢʱ䣬ֻþ֮һһ̣ĸ֪ȫħ˽ȥˣһתĸоʶٶһƬڵħռ֮С
ϤˣޱߵĺڰǿգƬ
Ƭ֮УƮ뵵룬һһߴСĹ򻺻תţâº͵ǳɵħˣҲܷʥʥŮ
ٶħռ䣬̬ѾΪƽȣӵս飬־ʮǿĶƬӦˣ̺˴ܲлƬɿܻһЩΣա
ʶϵڶƬ֮ϣΪıǿƬϢĸ֪ҲԽԽЩƬЩϢͣЩԵЩѪɷ֮
һϸСƬֱӱˣֻϵģ֮ݸܵϢѰҿܶ޹аƬ
ֻħռеƬ̫ˣһѰȴȷϵһļֵһЩ
ʱħԺ𣺡ʥһɣ֤ü󡣡
ŶüһȻħżϲţòϣһ»Ǻܿ׵ġ
úܴԼ벻ʲôƬúܴˡ
۹ôȱѾں֮·ѰħеĹֻΪպںṩˡ
ٺ٣ѡ֪ˣһ鵭ɫƬƴСȾ㣬ܿһ˿ǰĲлꡭ
ܵһ˿л΢΢ЩǿߣѴǰľ磬һ˿л꣬ԼҲҪСӦԡ
Сĵ֣һǣǵɫƬƮһֱȫעʼοħռʱ򣬶п̺ܲлƬ֮ЫߣĿȥ
СĸһöɫƬǿȣоԼӦܹܵˡ
ħ⣬ﵽʲôü󣿡
ٺ٣Ƭں֪ˣһƬûϴĻӦǵħʶһģΪƬϵһ˿л꣬Ҳϳģںϵдջ񡣡ħ˸ӡ
Ҳ⣬ħûƭҾ汻ƭҲûʲôƬϵĲлаնԸ¼ĹûʲôãҲΪڻֶͨѧĲϡ
ĴƬöƬʱһ׹⣬ٿһ֮Уʧ
Ƭɱܣڱܵ£ľ֮𹥻Ҫռ졣
Ƭľ֮еʱںϿյǹսʱһƬֱ
꣡
ҵײƬǹսɣâʱࡣ
ͬʱֻ֮иֳӿƬ
Ŀ֮УƾֻսƬϵĲл꼤ս
սųնһޣȻҲ԰꣬ÿһײƬҵʹƬϸŵһƲлɢһЩ
һֱСʱʱ䣬һսڽûоκΣգҲ۵ĻǺɫ΢΢԰ס
ɱ˲лƬľ֮Уһ˲䣬ַӵϢӿļ䣬εļƬ̺Ϣ֮ǰκһζҪḻö࣡ƺһоԴ·ըһ㡣
ҵĻõƬһԺ֡
սɳߡؼš
־󣬶ǹĻ棬صķģԼӲӵĵҩ
һҩʦ
Ȼһ
ϸϸֶ̽Էһҩʦһʦ
һħƬлõļܣǳǿȻϧǣɵƬֻСһţ޹⡣
Ҳεѡ񣬵ֻһأѡСƬҲɥˡ
Ҳ͵ˣõȱܶ࣬ԳΪ
ҩ֣ȻѧҲֻЩЧ浽ɵΪ΢΢ˡ
֮⣬һԭǣ̫ʱˣʵĲߣΪʵˡ
ҩΪ쵤ħ龧ϣҪħ֮ϣͲ̫ˣΪƷ
Ҫ߾磬ҪͶʱ䣬ƫƫ֮ǰõдȱԽǵ߾磬Խء
λõƬⷽĿհס
ħ⣬ҲҪʰһҪڳΪʦĻϣٳΪҩʦ
ٺ٣ҩΪˣҪΪҩʦŶݼסǣԽ棬õҩԽ浽˷ָĳ̶ȣȺõɴ裬ҿŶݼףԺδôõĻԵԼѧҩѵָǬ¯õҩ


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Ǭ¯ʲôƷıдһˣ֮ǰһֱûħ⣬ΪֹδƷͲ֪Ǭ¯ʲôġ
ħǬ¯ϸ˵Ǳˣ׼ʥƷϣʥǬ¯ʥļֻ׼ʥҩĻҩĳɹʱ𾫵Ʒ
ʥ
ǵһ˵֣Ǭ¯׼ʥϧûа취Ǭ¯ɱУֻܽһ
Сӣ֮ǰɱĺͷӻһĶħĻ˵ҩɽУһȥټħлõʬݣǼƷҩϣЩҩϣټ̳еļ䣬ĳΪһҩʦΪԼճƵǴ¼ʵ
ħΪҩʦĽȻͻȻϸȷʵΨһ;ˡ
崫У˵ǼΪݳ޵·ȾԪϵ˲֪ٱ
ʮɴ裬ȥһŶݼף񵤺ħ֮ǣһڻԵɺ֮£ħѹȲŽҳƿ
Ŷݼ׻߸ţ
¿ͷѣ߸нŵļ̫ѿǵ˺߰ţšţѶһΡ
ҪЩżûжĵرǲܵġ
һĵر̷ֱЧȻãһҩĻ
뵽ĬҩһּΪӵļܣҪ߾磬̳λܵļ䣬ҲҪĲʱ䡣
ʱζǱ˷ѵЩʱĻ൱˷Ǳ
ħ⿴ԥʲôЦ˵Сӣ뷨ʹˣҩܴԺߵԽԽԵҪڣѵûǿĺôôǿֻӳ֣ôս飿ս־Ȼȫȴǰȴں߶ڣս鲻ھ֮ô
Ҹղ˵ģֻǼӵĺôֱӵĺôۼǿԺŻֳһǿ壬ûǿֵ֧Ļȡõĳɼ޵úˣ嵤ƿҲΪԭ򣬺ܶǿߣٵѡһܣԼΪ˾
ħһ˵΢΢һ£ϸȷʵˡ
ħе˵ΪֹܹħռΣĸǿߵƬеΡĴζħ۵ƬΣǿߵƬǿߣһͬص㣬ǾǶһܡ
һʦڶʦһʦҩʦĽ塣
ħۣǾħ壬귽ԭͲôóûѡܵҲ֮С
ħԷ棬ϰһܲ˷ʱ䣬ĥ󿳲񹤣̳ǿߵƬ޸Щܿ°빦˻ԵõĻʵ˷ˡ
뵽Ҳ¶ģνϺ֮ͻóרŵʱ䣬ҩΪԼŶݼ׵ĺƽ·
Ժйҩķḻȫӡʼоλҩʦ䡣
һöƬ̺Ϣʵ̫ḻˣҩ֮⣬дڹļ䡣
оҩʦ޹
⡶һ·յóĽǣġȡȸ¼ǰظǿ󣬵ġȸ¼ȣҪѷɫˡ
׹ڻϵظˣȴֵüʾպнֹڻͨǿʽ
ҩʦڻ֮⾳ϵĳɾͣƵǷ켫̾⾳ֶֻ᲻ԴֱӼ̳˼䣬ȻҲɲԻ֮⾳һӴﵽܸߵĳ̶ȣȴպи׵ҵ·

ؾػпʼƬеļʱعϢȴȻӿ
˵ħ̫ˣһЩ©֮㣬ӳȥȻϢȥһУҲĬ½еģҪַʽ֪ͨǧꡪңˣ
ȵõϢϺħܲ
ʱ޻ڱͻɡ
ߴﵽɾ֮ÿһͻƾ磬ǱأҪôɹҪô棬ûеڶ·ѡ
ʱ޻飬ԲܱţԼôҪϢҲ޷֪ͨ
Ϻħʱ檡
Ϻս檳ڹҰеʱҪ޻ö࣬ܶδģսѾҪ޻ˣѾ㹻
檵ʵԸ欵һϺܶǿߴѵͬʱ־µ
ʱϺħħУһĺɫǶ⾧ʯӲӿúܵͣ¶Ĵغ鹵ȹһֱ浽ȸѩ׻ԲĴ֣αĹճ˼
ϣʵҲһԿ̵ĺۼеֻǶʮ߰ٸеԸкͷ顣
Ȼ檣Ϻħȴûа㲻˼ǶؾصţĿżӹ檣Ҳǹ쳣
⼸ƾʵϣϺħҲƸӣʵҲûһ˸ð檡
飬Ƕ˵˰ɣƽ˵
檴һڳϷ׷ۣ֮ǰѾͨõϢҲĲµڴʱٿϻ飬Ϊ۹顣
һһصĳվ˵Ϸ;òԾˣСӵɵأڿȻˣϾ⣬Ǭ¯ܾܿСӵϣ
ɳϵŨŨĶ⣬˭ôԴһ˵ëͷСϣòˡ
вмһºۣʵûʲôȤᣬ;òԾǵʲôˣ
檵鱨ƣֻɱ˺ϣʵΪһɶ壬ȫ߸֮ǰ֪ʣشܣ²ֹǬ¯ˣ¹شƫƫ޻ϱչسɣִ֣Ѿʥ޾Թ˧ǰ˵׽λϣ˭Ըһͬǰ
һ˵ڳ϶סˣԹ˧Ҫһͬǰ
ǲ̫ʦ˵㣡


676 ڵ
ԸһһӣҪǲ̫Сˣ
һ̲ס
Ϻħһ
ܴ½ʥһ㷺ûͳһȼֵģȸԳ֮ΪʥޣЩʥڵѪж٣ǾͲβˡ
Ҳǰ۽޶Ļ֣˹ȵ˵һֻȸ˵ѾǸ߲ʵʥˣһʥޣ޿ɺǡ
Ȼ˵ȸͲΪˣݺޣǿԻصĴڡ
ʥ޵ĳνЩģԴݾﲢУǿҪʤһɵǿߡ
սڹɵʱ򣬷ӳʮֲֿͺñһս
⼸޻ͻأȻˡ
檿һǰ˵ĳϣʨӲȫοСӲ򵥣ħ۹ҲڳҵڶûŪףεȡοʵѾȣ޷ڶ̶ʱ佫ʵߵ˳̶ȣ
ħϲΪȻ˵ʵϷΪʵĴţδʵЩбΪΣȻʵ컨׹ġ
ﳤϣüһСĵˣԿöԸ
˵գתˣѾй鱨˭Ҳɴȥһ־ﵹǿԣȥ׷ɱĻЩģϸ˭Ը
˵꣬۾λһһɨ׷ɱ¹شһսֻܳɹʧܡ
ðɣһ
һ۳վҲˣΪɽΪһ۷壬ǵĶɶʧܵĻѾܳΪɵĸˡ
ôҲȥһϿˡ

ʱңԶһǧɸߵɽ壬ɽ֮ϣһƬҶɽ֣һɽֱлɽһƬ羰续ʫ֮أȴû֪֮һĻھλڴ˴
ɽϵķͨʵ̺˾󷨣ǲ֮Уױס޷ȥˡ
ڻɽɽһ֮Уһɫۣ֮ϣǰһŮӣǻڵϯӻˡ
˵ǰһµϸˣȻϸѸߣʳڣ׵ϡʱգƱһ׿Խˣڵķƹȹչơ
ϸߣһüĿ꣬ȥʮ꣬ǷƹϯչƼ䡣
ǰչƼͻμӹ˵ᣬϴʣֻǺΪĽ׺ĳ֣ǵķͷڸȥ
ʱӯĽŲһɫȹŮӻ˽ŮͿʮ꣬ȻΪȴﵽ˾˵ˣò㣬׿Լһ֮Ϣ֮С
ڴˣһϳŮ˵ʥŮҲǧƣ
ӣΥˡ˺ͷƹȵϸƽվʾӭӡ
Ҫ֪ȻΪսͨڸй֮޲ʵȻ˺չѾ̫ˣһȻԳֳݣҪ񾴼ˡ
ˣչӦһ㾶ֱԼλ
Ҷ֮չɨ˻һۣ΢Ц˵֣ӣǰϺĳ촫һͬѰϢ
ŶͬѰϢ¶һ˿ȤɫԴϺħϺ֮Ҿû˵ʲôͬѰϢˣϺսһһεʧôȥĻһʱ䣬Ҳᱻ̲ˣʲôͬѰϢҵǺȤ֪һ¡
˵ԶϺħΪʥأҲȾָ򣬵һϺսϺħѣһ㵰ȻͲˡ
սѾյıԵȫռֻǳ飬ڱ˵ϺǴ׵ĸ
ĵϸҲ̾һϺħθںܴȻҪ̵ϺԵ
ǵʵںѵֵǴǱǼǲʹȥ޷˵²Ϻ֮սٺ˵λ½ȷʵûгֵɡ
չЩԺٲİɣ˵˵õ˵ĲͬѰϢĦһ£Щε˵
ţϢǣϺħ˵ϵķֲ˰εˣֶθɾ䣬سϺɱˡչ˵ţɨһۡ
Ŷ棿͵һ
Ƹüһ˵ݣԶʹ˵Ϻħռ죬ΪѰ֣ݱŮĳƵѪ
Ȼ˵˵ϵϺħֲ𣬼ĵĮ˿ҲΪݡ
˭ģйâһ
Ҫ֪˵ֲ³ϺǻʵһΪˡչƲڶѣʵ̫ˣŵ˵Ϻħ˵ϵķֲͿԺɨڻǷƹˣ
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˳Ƭ̣ЩɻʵԴսʱ˸֮󣬻˭֯
չҡͷҲǺϺħ鱨̫ˣΪħӵѻһԺϺħ򰲲ϸҲ͸òǵ鱨ˣ˵ֲϮϺħһϢֻ֪Ϯ˵ֲֻˣ˵Ϊ׵Ͳʮꡣ
ʮꣿܰɣЩ̫ţǶʮꡢʮ꣬Ҳʵ̫Щ䣬ܴﵽѾʥŵĶΣƣʮﵽġ
Ǻϲɣ
һţʮ֮ǰﵽɣôһϣʳƵۣǰչ˵ʮܻɱɳϣʵ̫ˣ
ֻǳĬϺħ˵ķֲϢ˵𺳼
Ƕչ˵ɱֻʮ꣬ȴǺţⳬ֪
չһ̯֣˵ʵҲǲŵģǳ鱨˲ʮꡣ
ʵϣԭ鱨Ƕʮ꣬չɳ̽ӣ鱨;̫ˣ㱨ʱöʮݣٵչһ˵ʮ꣬Ȼ뵽Ƕʮ˾ˡ
ȻҲ޷š


677 ս
᲻ϺħųĻһֱվڻδڵĻͻȻ˵һСͻ飬гڳС˵ġ
չҡҡͷ˵ϺħĻûκ壬Ѳ˵ΪϺֲεͻȥôʮ֮˾ģֻǲ֪ʲôģ˵ֲҲκһڡҡݿɿϢħѾԳ֣־˵ȥˡ
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չһ˵һ£սƲɵԷҲɵӣ檳֣Ӧû᳷˵ˡ
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Ŀֲսޣ޷ƣںһΰβХſ죬ܹԲʮ֮ڵԪ
Ϻħ˵Ļƾֻһ㽫˺ˣ
Ŀֲսޣʵ˼ɵѡ
չҲ͵ԷӦҪ˵λսͻǣô˵ͻȻһ˵Ǻ¡
ڲ²ܵʱͻȻڻһ⣬֮һչƵĶУ֮ǰɳϺ鱨
չ֮Ƥһɫ粻
ţʲô£
˲ʵҲչƣŶԷڡ
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ʲô
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һս
Էʲô㣬ѵа취檺ʥ޾

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վɽɽ۵ȸ㳡ϣĬԶ谵ա
£ӷĹ㳡ѾƲͭ󶦵࣬ʯദѣһưܵľ
ߣվŶľȺˣʱƹľȺ۾Զһ֮֮Уһ޴ģĺӰһе컺ƽһ㡣
֣Ǿ˵ľ˰ɣ
šһƽ֮ɫħӣһͷǧĳޣĶǾ͸ɽ磡ֻͫʶһۣͬǵۼŵĺʯȫػֱ³һѪ
ǵȾޣǰľʵǲֵһˡ
֣һȻ֮ǰǧм޵ļһСˣҲܶԸģҵĽһëľȺ۾ֻǼϢʱжϳͷ޵Ŀֲڡ
Ҳ˵̺Ŀֲͣʵ̫ˣ
ĹϬҲ˵ͺñϵٷҲҧһ
潻棬ȻκβǲҪ潻֣ⳡսһͺˣǲس֡
˵ţǰȥ
ľȺߡһۣڶԷпãȻĿ⣬ЦֶСģǹȷʵҲﲻæġ
ദôʱߡľȺʵѾäĿΣǰľû취Ըɺаƽ
СġҲ˵һ䣬Ծ˺ˡ
ֽȡǹűڿն𣬻ȥȻ˫Ŀƽžûаš
ʱھüУһӡ˵Сǧ磬վϺħĺ۳ϣɫս׵檡
սϵ檣ֳһùֵĺڽսףĳг𱬵ģһŮսһ㡣
ŲϱƽĬʱһЦ˵Ȼǲ򵥰ܣǳܱȵˣ
ҪУûɵӡü΢Ȼô˵ģҲɻޱȡ
ķչȫΪܷ˵ӵǴӦûȡӦԲԡ
檻ǿǵһ㣬ԭ㽫֪עﾫ֮УþԸ֪ǿѰ׷ɱ
Ȼûӣ˵Ӧʲô֣һʦ֮İսڿƺǹһˡ
Ϊֻڶ壬Ϊ˵ǰ޹˺ߣȻԴԾǼϵ֣ʵѻʯ
а˼⣬ڳУΨһͬһħ۹еˣħ۹һֱֵйоأ޺Ȼһûκв꣬Ϲﶼƭȥˣ޷ܵǣûʲô취Ūǡ
һ߰ôܹܣ
Сһ㶼ЩʲôֶΣҶҪ׽㣬˿СԴ澿װЩʲôܣ
ҧĬĬСڤħԪͬʱת¡
ٴе檣һϹЦ̫Сˣ£ôܻ䣡
ǰͬʱ֣ټϾĸ֪Ѿǲѷˣһϸ͵䲻мζʮԡ
ûлش𣬵˵ȫһԻһˣϣԻҷСϻвأô벶׽ˣ
Ҫʽ֣һھͷϣ˸ʽԲ򣬾ſ޿Ԫ֮ѹɱˣҲǾҪʽ
ڶֹʽ빥ˣھĴԵһһľ޴룬ȥסˣǸʽȻǸԵߵʱ򣬵ڶֹʽȴҪȵһֹʽɱϾȻǿޱȣȴټ֮ǰҪϢľʱ䣬Էǳö㣬Ҫɱǲ̫ˡ
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ȻԷֻһˣΪڵëͷСӣȴȫԸû˿Уȫ˼жעӡ֮Уž빥
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ǧͬɫıһռ䶼Щ̺֮ſֲһɽ鵽Ҳ
ˣǼ֯ľ޴룬΢΢һЦ¿ռ˲Ť
飡
ͬʱ֮⾳Ϳռ⾳֧֣Կռ⾳ԽԽĽҲԽԽˡ
꣡
ܼ֮Уϵžȥ


678 ķ
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Ǽעҵ壡檽һҲʶ̬ˣԥĽڣϣ檣˵ͬԿ
ٺ٣СҪƴ˰ҪʥˡħҡͷԵ˵У檵һǧϹȷֻСӡ
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ײһħֱ֣ӽͷųˣ
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һսҲڵԵսڣصĻƷţȫѹ
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Ҿңĳ䣬ظλѾ֪ˣĮȻǹǹֱָϵüģڸһѡ񣬳ңūӡΪʮ꣬ʮ֮󣬻ɣ
ֱɱϣһ룬һɵսʵѾܲˣҪ֪ɲһɰˡ
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ҧҧ˵ãҴӦ㣡
ﳤϣ㡭֮ǰǳϿϾȻίȫʱЩˣԸϣٵ֮ҲҪ͵ô֪֮ܿ󣬻ᱻţɱǵֶ
ܳϣʲôʱ㻹ȥЩﳤ̧Ƥ޾ɵĿһһۣħ߱ǽһΪģɱϺħأ˵֮ʲôΪѾﵽˣɣ֮ıҲ㣬һûǰ뱲ӶƴƴԵչؿںò׸ˣһúû꣬
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ĳ򣬶ЩǶģݾˡ
λͺɽ֮䣬ԶԳһϵ
ݵһΪһŽƷţ˫޺˫ŮͬߣбϺħĲɲ֮ǿš
ҲΪԣӶŮ໥Ϊ򸾣ͬ
ĹҲһԷ򸾣ΪǼŮΪǲӣ˳ǷΪ˫ǡ
Ǽ򸾶˵ΪΪɣΪĹֶԵУʵǿǿ⡣
Ǽ򸾶һӣΪǵۼš
Ϊܴ½ʥħ½ƺĲ죬ܴ½ۼŵͨóƺǻʼš
ʼţֻҪ䣬һϣΪǿߡ
ǼһֱϼϣܳΪķǿߣΪʥء
ʱһµıԺ֮С
ߴǧչïʢ֦ҶڱԺڴ֮£һŹӵʯʯϰһײߣΧˡ
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Ԫı־ʵ߰˰ͣ㲻ͻƶɣҲмʵϺս͸֧̫ų֣˵Դ
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ڶԷʲôݣƹҲδֻ֪̽Է٣ֻˣʵǿῡܣԳ֣þ֡
΢΢ü۶ԷʲôĿģֻҪǵ˵ĵ˾ˣȻΪԷģȻþ檶һ൱ӣϺħĳô
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ǸʱѾܹԳһƬգΪڷ絲ˡ
뵽ǧĿ¶һ˿֮ɫվһŮӣЩһʣЩˡ
ʮ֮ڣʵ̫Զˡ
ǧؾ֮֮ʱȻ˵üᶨȻƮҡϺȹʮ̸꣬ף
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ϻҡҡͷûУѡӦս
Ӧս΢΢һ޻ڣ־ҲǳֲˣԷӦսĻ֤ǵʵ֮ǰԼĻǿ󣡡ղ˵Էֻĸῡܣ
ǻалиɡϻҡҡͷҲĸʮ겻˾ʱ檺;
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682 Ϻħ
ǿ޴ͣΪ;޴һĹ˺ͬʱĹ̺ҲΪֲ㻤ڴҲֵס
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ܴ½Ϊ֪ķǿ߲ʮˣģ֮Щˣڴ½ϺħҲ
ɵͿ⼸ῡܱĸ˵׻ʲôʵˣءɵĻϺսתˣκβ˾檳һοҲǺõġ
ʼΪʮῡҲп檵иڱˡ
ϻ˵ҲûãĵһսĽ㣬ڣǲ翼һ˵ؽ⣬֮ģǸҪ̲˵ǡȸ¼͡䡷Ҳ췶Χ֮ˣ
ϻЩ䣬ʵͶʱ뵽˿ԵҲǵʱµѡ
ȥ֮˵ͱˡ
ϻ˵ȻԴУһŲΪ֪ĵƣҲ̣Ǿǡ
ϻ˽ȫϣϣһǱԨ֮ʮֻҪƽӦнӽڣϵʵݷ꣬ʵﵽɣΪ˵һƬˡ
ʱ˵ؽѣҲΪԭϻ˲ŸѰıӻ
ͼѹե̲˵ʱ˵һ
һоͿˣʮ֮ƽﵽܿɵľ磬ˣĻ
ϻ˵ǧֻһ֣ľĸо
ĬĬţֻϣҪ£ʮ֮ǱþܴﵽϻҲûʲôֻҪƽ
ϻˡɡǧ˸£һ춼ϵʱȴһȻϢ
ϣƾڵĹδ֪ȴһٷܣ
𾪵ǣ·Ǳ˿ȨϮɱϺħĴϣϣ
֪Ϣʱϻ˴˺һŷӦ̫˼ˣȻѾԤϵǹȻ檺;ôӦһЩ̣Ҳû뵽ǾȻа취Ĩ޻µӡǣؾ
Ҫ֪檵Ĵϵ֧䣬˿ɲǿϷģȻ
ȻǹȴӲ˵ĸŷ֮£ɹ߾
Ҫֲ⵽׸ĸ֣
ɣɣ
ϻм𺳣ǲʮ꣬ǹصĿĪ
˼ã治֪ΪʲôϺħ򡭡
ҲϺħħ۳ǰĳҰɡɻ˵ţϵ۾жһɣ˵һתҲҪֹ̫ۣ㶪ʧ˾Ϻħ޻ˣǳĿ£ħ۹һУļƻһ񣬿ܵõħ۹֮ѰԮչϺܹڣѼ㹻Դɣ֮գսʼ֮ʱ

ϻ˵˵֪ǹ檵ʱϢѾϺˣѾǰ췵ڣۼһֶԸϺħйˡ
Ȼ˵Ϻħ壬Ȼռ˾Եʵƣ˿һϣǰ˸᲻𷴿
Ҫ֪Ȼڵս沢γڣŵĻֻһξܴݻٻڴ˵⣬һ˭ҸϺħս
У˷ܵ˵̫ɰˣ治֪ĸʥܳţܼһҪúøл
չƼ俴˷ܵı飬Ц̣㲻ǰ˰ɣ˵ǵ굹Ǻܰ䣬ҲǶʮ˰ɣ
չƼĵ٩һ죬һڣ²˶ûأ˵˼Ҷʥشˣôῴҡ
˵ЩԹڲڣ˼ҶѾˣҲͰˣ˵ӵпɵս⻹òñ˻ˡ
û취ǳ츳ĲͬһƷСţôȵùʥأ
Ҿһ˵㻹ⷽ˼˵ϰ֮ˣԷƷĻҿУ
չƼǵ٩һ䣬λ˲μӣչƼĵ٩ʱ˵ĹЦǸŪ˸ԴϺսʱ˱ݻ٣սյ֮ǾͺЦôˡ
ˣҪЦˣ˵ԷʥصĻϺħ鷳ˣӦȥǢһ꣬ʲô㡣Ժİװ˵ЩǣѾ𽥳ɳȻֻڵΪΪԳڵ츳ǵʵѾֱ׷벽ĸˣټսǣѾԶһ档
ԣûӦýǢһ£治֪ϺħôĴô˵ԷǰǵĴæˣ׼ڵҲڸͣչ֣Ƿƹȵĳ˵ɣϵͽչ²˳٣㿪ʼɡ
ţԼǣھͼӼԷֱӰǣٺòչƼҲճһų봫ŴվתֻСʱͻᴫϺķƹȳˡ
ƹϺĸ򣬶ΪǾ֮ͨзϵ⾳ӳֵĸط˳ٺʲˡ
˵С˵ȻǸյ˵Ե׼ϵʱȴһֱƯںϵľͻȻ
ʮľ֮ʱγɵķѹ캣ˣԲԪһɲ궯˸оԼ·еҶһ㡣
ţҪˣ
ⷽǡϱߣ
ĿžϷȥ;޴ԼټΪǸ㹻ʱ䣬ﵽٶ֮ٶȴ˿ȸɵǿ
˾޴ľиٷУǿֲķѹͻγһХĳӲ˺γɺˮγɵĴϿȣϿȡߵĺˮƿ֮ٲһ䣬γɳʮߵľ޴ɫ˻
ҪʲôһۿžٶԽԽ죬̲ס
Ϸ˵֮ϣϺħ򰡣ǸòǡȥϮϺħɡ죡
һһϺħڼγɵĻ̫ˣ޵ĴʣǹȻȥϺħϳˣ
ԣϸ룬޻չأˣֱˣƺϮϺħõʱ򣡡һͻȻ뵽һ㣬һƣ
̫ˣ


683 ͻϮ
Ϻ֮ϣ˷ˣϵƶٷвĿֲˡ
ƹȵĸں濴ľѪڡ
Ϻħ򰡣
Ϻս˵һζϺħķ
죬鱨ȥһ򼤶˵
ţϽ鱨
˼æͳ鱨ܴѶתСʱʹ򣬶ʱһҪﻹС
չƼ֪Ϣ֮󣬳׾ˡ
ۿһ֮չƼһֱ˵ˣ̲סʵչƼ䣬㵽ܵʲôϢˣ˵ˡ
չƼһһ˵ϢյʱҶţϸȴסˣ̫ˡ
չƼ䣬ʲôʱˣ㻹ӣһལ˵
ӣһʱûܽܵˣҪһʱϢչƼ˵վڳһۣ֣ص˵ҸղյĴ˵ǡǸѾžϺħˣǴҪϺħһսˡ
ʲô
һԾ
Ҳ̫³ç˰ɣԺڵʯ̲ס˵
ǰ¾룬ҴɣοϺħν̶ѨҲ̫ΣˣҲŸͣȻһ˵꣬;Լƺ©ʲô
ϸڵϺħ򡭡޻չأˣﱻᣬѾǷʱ䣡
ڳῡ˭Ҳ˼ٶ֮ʱʶһ㣬
һʱ䣬ѻȸ
ԴϺħ򴫳޻ΪɶչصϢ򰧺ҰǶһԤУ޻ͻɳ֮գϺħһͳ֮ʱˡ
֪ڵӿɲù
ڻ˵ڡ̫޲ܹӲдûȥϺħͷ̫ˣ
شϺħĻǾһλĴ棡
˵ǣһʮˣһ֮תϺս֣ݹܴ½ʷ˭д񻰣
ˣòˡ
ʯţ굽˭ܹﵽֳɾ͵ˣǼ֮
˵˻վܴ½۷壬Ⱥۣ
ǰѾǵⷶΧˣϺħ򡭡ո˵󣡡Խɽ״ӽԽҲип
šȻҲ֪Ϻħʱ򣬲ºһ£ǰϺħӰ֮£Ϻħʱ㣬ľһˣҵĻûֵɫΪҸⷽ롣װ̾һ˵꣬ʵɫ۽綼̫ˣЩΪϺħľƣѾǱʶγ˲ϺħĹ˼ά
ҲǼŵɳϼҲһֻ֣ϺħϾʥأǧĻָǿѾԭԤơ
ʱ򣬻һ˵ģתţҲ֪ʲô굽ĸʥسİϺս֣Ϊһ˶ҪŤתˡ
ã㲻˰ɣװ̵ӣ΢΢֮΢Ц˵
ˣҪȡЦˡ΢΢һ˵ӦÿҪҪЭꡣ
ԹŮӢۣߵˣһ֮ϺħŤתս֣ˮ֮еĹµӢۣ̫״Ůķˣ˵ạ̊́װҲ̲סзһֻǱ˴ݵĲʵ̫Զˡ
ڳҲˣǴ̫ˣ˵ܵʵ̫ͰﲻæչƼ̾һЩΣֻͨƷţûǿߣʲôȥЭ˼ҡ
ˣǲΪ˼ҵˣĵȽˣԶԶǵǴ½ļģֻǲ֪ΪʲôֶԸϺħײˡչƷ˵
λܴ½Ϸٴڴ½ƫԶ¡ϺħͨƷžǾްˡ
ڴ½ĴÿһҪȴҪܴ½Ϊļʥش󶼼ĴеƷţǾ͸ˡ
չƷɲŻΪĴʲô˵е̫ӣÿԽһ㡭

ʱ֮⣬Ϻ
еСǧ磬ǰվߣ˱֮ǰϺħϡﳤϺܳϡ
Ϊ˷㣬ֱӳƺΪħһħ
ħһϺħһжٸϵĸ֣ʵ
ˣǧϺħһֱϢչǰ޻ϺһżõˡϹħڶԴ֡
΢΢ͷǴżҲ֪ħģ޻еõˡϹħ͡ħҸݡħ֪ħ۹λúͿ
Ϊһħ۹֮У޻׼ʮ֮ãΪ˲ϧϺսֻҪ;ʱգ޻ȫлͻ񺣣ܴ½ϲ
һжʮȻһءˡ
޻û뵽ʱǸ춼δͻƵ꣬ļƻ
ħһ˵ΪЩϹżѰԴϺħ½аͻɣԭģһʮ֮࣬Ϊ½䣬ڲǣһֻʣˡ˵Уֻɶأ޻Ϊأʣ˶һضѡ
šˡͷʵ̫ɵ
Ϻħأʲôʵ
ˣҲأһ㶼޻ϵǣһֵҲɳһϣǷ޳Դӱūӡ֮ħһνĹ֪޲ԡ
ţ֪ˡӦһͨСǧĸ֪ѾϺħڵˡ
ϺħλϺ֮ϣλǳĽ㣬Ԫʮֳӯ
Ϯƺƴ󣬾޴ķѹˣγɹХ
ڤħɽɽ۵Ĵ֮Уɫ԰׵УǰڷŸҩǱӻأͬʱѪνԪˣչظ£ָ
ѾڱչˣͻȻ洫¡¡ľ죬ͬʱڤħɽΧԪҵ궯
ţô£
һӿһɲԤУȥʱһĳңʧɫ
š²ˣžɽ֮ǰڻ׼ǵĻڴ󣡡


684 ʲô
ɫ䣬˵ʲô
ҡ˵ڿžѾɵɽǰڻܹǣ
Ǻսսظ
ֻоһͷĿѣˤڵأԭˣϢһȥ
û뵽ȻֱӼžɱϺħˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ檺һǱӻغ󣬸û﹫ﱻϢ
һΪʵ̫ˣһȥӰ죬Ͼͬͬʱ֣ﻹˣʵ˵ȥ
ڶΪάȾģ޻չأ֪²ܳأʱϺħǿʵǱ಻أͻȻµ֪ﱻᣬĻܿܵһЩغ
ڣϺħ߻Ե£žɱˣ
б
ңһȦҲ֪ڵϺħ˭ֹĺ
һܲ
Ҳ˲Լƣչƿƿ޹޵굤ҩһսֽ䣬ܻĳҡ

ס˰֮ǰ˵ΪŴʹãĹȣҪоô
ϺħĳڵĻͷ޴Ӱ۵
֪бɣҲǰҲпܡ
һΪ޻ǰˣȥɡ
ţá
˵ţڿն
ʱһһŮԼٶգŮ檣гɫߣòϺħһɶظ֣ҲħħĴϵƶˡ
ˣԶݣһ󺰣ʱѾһ飬ħݣϵϣһټϾ︨ǿݣǱܣﶼˣˣ˼žɱɽţһ飿
ȻѾǿЩʱˣǧɵĸ߿֮ϣﳤڻ׼Ϻħ򷢶һ
û˱檸ĿֲˣܵĹ̺һϣϺħĻڴԾסι
սޣ
ʲôԶݣ檵ţЩħҲɵӣ̾ʶƺˣϸ֮УﷶΧԪγһ޴Ԫбɣ
ѵ
ϺħǷ׷ɫ䣬ʱħһ֤ʵǵĲ롪
Ҫ֣ʲôº
ʲô
ڳħǶʱˣʱٳٶ۵ҲӦˣﱻ˶ˣڣҪϺħ
ˢˢĿ檣ǰžǿɱ˵ֻ֮檺һϹƾָûлпȥˡ
ڿȻǳˣǰ檱Ȼǲʧܣﶼˣ
⵽˭ô£
ħǵıһһʣ檿Ϻħ޻֮ĵһ֣ǶԷǺηʥ
ǧ˫۾ɻɵעӣҧһ˫ȭյýģô󣬴δܹ裡

к޵ҧгݣǰ˺ҧԷĶУƫƫھ֮Уоػ޼ƿʩ
檵ԣħۿž̺ԽԽǿˣʱֹĹȻʵ˺ڴƻĻǺ룡
嶯ǿ̸
ħʱҲǲͶҽſԸԴķʽɺͽ⣬ס˵
Ȼ˵ʱͻȻһ죡
ɫ䣬ԲԪȫۼγһʮ˺ϱϸľ޴ɫһһ㣬ϺħĻڴն



Ϻħ߶ʶĿֲˣ˵սʱˣļڡ̫ûκܿĺ
ϺħһƬɹ
䣡
·ѵľ޴ϺħϿգƾոһĺɫϱڣӲĿס˾Ľɫ
͵ıըϺХħΧػֵĵʯ̮Ƭʯر˺У̼СһȦ
һߵľ޴˷Ļʯͻڴ󣬷һĺ죬Ⱦͬĩգ
ɫϱڽɫĳ֮¾ҵıΣžžľ죬·ռѵһĿĵϱϳˡ
ڴʼˣ
ô
檻ʧɫȻͲµϺħĻڴסĹǰ˵ϺħĻڴ˵ǿ٣סιǿԵġ
ڣһιͿʼˣ
ڴûбôֻһֿܣǾǡ֮£øǿˣ
ʶһʱ촽ڲΪʲôΪʲô
޻־Ҳδﵽ
ʲôˣһжʮꣿ
ΪĨȥ޻ӡǣΪڶ̶ʱ쵽Ϊܼľ޴Ǳ
һ̣ӿһɾ޴кͿ־У𵱳õйϢ֮ˣڿץסϵˣ룬뷨ǺεȿЦ
һԵĶħȻȥ
⵽ô£ҸͣôѾŪˣħܻ檣ԭĶҲûʲô˵ģڣ֮ȴϺħѣȻҪʦˡ
檽ҧһкȻḺ𣡡
𣿺ߣô𣿡ħΪɫߣı顣
ҪʱˣĪҪҴһ
˵䣬Ʋ¶ʵ֮߳ϣԸ¡
ʱϺħĻڴڳܲסһ죬ױˣ
ռϱڻƬɫʣನкڤħɽɽ֮ϣһʮɸߵĺΰȻը̼仯ɷ棡
ӣ
֪˭һڳħ߷׷׷Ӧݹ˷ˣ
ЦڴûˣǻôֿĹ
ҪΪսҵڰд󺰣ȻЩһӵñһ죡ħߵּһԼΪģʱˣ˭˵˱ˡ

д󼱣֯Ȼսʤȴ֯Ȼĳˣ̶ϵıϺħڣһɢɳ̫ױ׷ɱˣ
Ȼ檿һǰ壬Ѿ׷ߵĺ󷽣ǧڿţľߣ
һɱʼˣ


685 ҵĿֻɱ
檿һĻʧɫȻΪ
ĵսٶȣٶȶ죬ʽ̫һֻҪ˷ߵȼǿ߲ô¾ɱµ߾̫ǿˣȺս
Զءǿ˵ɱһǿвˣɱٰʮ߾ͲˣԷɢ仹ܷ˵ߡ
ǶԾ˵ɱһߣɱٰʮһѶȡ
Ϻħ㲻̫ϡҲǴײˣϺħмۿ߶ϺħȺܲļ
Ȼƫƫûκΰ취̫ˣ͵Ƥʮɺ񣬾һĸ檴ûиСʱĹҲԶԾɴˡ
͵ƣﰴСʮɴСҲ򲻹һɵĳϣƫƫоʮﳤ
ಣ
ֻô̶ĿХ֮ǧͬһֱ˵Ĵѵȥ

һҽУһ߱붴˺ģȫ飬һغ
ֻڣھǰʵûκη֮
ֻǿʼѣҽ಻˷һ룬˴ߵ壬ƬѪ
檵ɳϣûб©ܵصա
䣡
ʮһɣʱͷɢ֪࣬ס̸֣Уһڵģ
ɫĺȻ֮ȴ̣¶˷̵Цݡ
ڣƾʲôҺڣƾʲô̸Уʹþɱսʱ˺˵ʱ򣬿и̸еĻ᣿ҪʱͽͽˣûôɣҵĿĺȷɱ˵ģһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫ŮͨɱȮҲŵζ֪ʲôϺħ֮ѪοϺսսӢ飡
˵֮䣬ɱⱬľ֮Уǹսֳǧע뵽֮УϺħչ˷񹥻
ٹ檵ɳˣԸһɳϾҪǧ룬Ը檺Ǹ˸ҪȫԸδܰѶԷ£ϾɸȫٷɶݣٶȱȾֻ첻
һȥɱЩϺħͨ߸һЩ
£ս־ӳ֣ټħĸݵģһһ浹ɱϺħ߸޷֮Щ˵߶չȻǵĹƤв
ˣ졢߾͸˵ˣֻҪһγһƬߣನ䵽
Դɳ֮ɱЧʱ
̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬Ϻħɥˣʬͬһ䡣
ȥ˶Ϻħмɱٶʵֲ̫ˣֲĵ׷ֹȻ֪빥Ѷȣǿǧ룬ÿһҪһɵľ
檵ɱһ˶ʮֳˣ˵ǧ׷ɱǧˡ
ѶȣҪʮ
ڣУֲһĻݣǧ룬ÿһǳ۾һ㣬ѰҹĿ꣬׼ͷƤ飡
ֲĿ
Ϊһ㣿תľǿⷶΧˣòϣϷӳԼǿޱȾɥͬʱҲ־֡
һָоϺսҲϺħսԴ󣬲ΪģֻΪһˣ
ʱھڵСǧУ̶ֳʵûôѣͬʱǧȷʵҪĴľһľǿޱȣټħ⸨ʹøΪЧľƷţ߼һʮɡ
ƾеħβҽУ˿ɣɱЩ˸õĴɱЩħ߽ܵעǽ䣬̶ֳȣѾ֪ɲ˶ŮӵľԪˡ
ȣһϻڶܻôŮԣοϺħ
ЩССϺжԸĿ꣬ԸĴǱչسɵ޻
߶ɵḶ́ȫ٣Ĺ̡ǰɻֻǱ壬ɱһ٣֣ǰɸգвκһʧܣᵼ¶ʧܣ
չضɵʱ򣬱޻ʱʱֻҪҵ޻شɱ
Լвȫʢ״̬µ޻һöԷɳɹôͻ֯һܹԼ˵վ
ȻҪ޻ɵʱΪǿ޻ƻ֣ﳤϺܳҲ֪չأ޴֡
Ҳ޻ôֻܶԸ޻ͽͽˣ㲻ܰϼһƳشϺħ֮öԷʱ֯ģ
ಣ
ǧͬ˶ɵһ㣬̶̵İ㹦Ѿǧħߵ
Ŀ֮Уһս޵ţ˵
߳ϿһĻĿѣȻֹ
Ϸס
һв߳תɶݣˣҲܲˡ
ûԷΪɵĸ֣ȫԸ
ʱɱٶ࣬ҪǴ߶ѾĲɱΧִﰲȫΧˡ
ΪЩϺħ߶ǷɢܵģҲܰȫ¡
׼һ߼еķ׷ϰٴθɵٸϺħߺսڽӽβ
һսϺħһǧʬ壬Ʋ֮
ǺߣٶڿֲԪУǱ䵽
ʧҲСΪصնʵԾ˵ɱ߲ɱѶ٣һȻҪɱˡ
ڰУϺħɳ϶ѾӵˣһЩݻ֮Ҳˣ֪κβΪ¶Ǿвˡ
Щź檻߳棬һ¾׷ɱǿߵЧΡ
Ϻħȥ¥գ޻Ȼͷβûг֡
֪ϼһﵽ׿ûУĻûʲô飬᲻Ϊ̶ʹóʧأ
ţʼֻռϵĲʬ
׼ȷ˵ռֽ䡣
Ȼ˵ңͿЩͼߵĲƸˣһߵĲƸֵǮһǧߵľͲһˡ
ϺħĽȺҲûŹһҪúϴһ


686 ϴ
ǧ룬ͬһȺȳ棬֮ƻϴ١ܴߵмֵĶͳͳߣߵıٵ
ֻһĹϺħĽѾһƬǽˣĹ̮
ߣ߿ðզ࣬ɱ⡢չ⡢⣬˵оˡ
ʵ˵ҲգҲգû˿˼ɣ׼򣬾ͼһͷͨġ
ַǾˣ⣬˵ϴٵĳޣȻҪҪ쾡¡
ƺûʲôмֵĶһָžƻһþټõĶмֵĶ࣬Ҳ֮УһĶǱɳЯ߲ĳ֮ܵУҵ
ϺħĽȺУһЩõĴ֮⣬ЩȻǴߵģһɴݻ٣ɲԴˣ׳ԸԼ
ȥҩ԰һкöħͻȻ˵
ԣ
ħһ㣬ҩǲֽܷУֲԪḻҩ԰
֪ӳȥھļӳ֮£˲ɨϺħŵÿһطܿ췢ҩ԰ڡ
ﵱȻٲһˣ˺˵⡣
ʮȥһӵĹ򣬱ƿ˴⻹˼ҩ԰ҩҳֹ͵ԭ򣬷ֻ졣
һƣʱоޱȵԪɢɨһۣϺħҩ԰еҩҪ˵ķḻˣ
һεħĻ꣬ҶƬøӷ˶
֮⣬мħĻΪҩݡ
֮ǰ̳λҩʦϸ䣬ҩݼΪ˽⣬ҩḻģеģܴ½һУܴ½еģȫ
ܿ콫Щҩ߰˰ˣǵҩҩԣֲժע㣬ЩҩǺֲģЩֱӽ£зӡ
ЩֲģǾһȡߣеСǧ硣
Щҩܵ˵ƷħѰʬݣߵȼҩ˵ֻøߵȼҩģʱҲҪ͵ȼҩҩҩȵȡҩʦҲһͣʼĽ׶ΣҪӻҩѧ𣬵ʱͿϺħЩҩˡ
Ϻħֱ֪ϴٵͬʱϺħô۵ĸҩĻΪ͵ҩġ׼ֵĻˡ
ЩɶѵõĵرܶɳΪ֮ۺġ
ͶЩûɶоˡ
ҩġֽ䡢Դȫ֮ǰþ﷢һ⹥ϺħԪʯ
Ȼ˵Ҳܾʹ˷ϵ⴦Ԫʯ󣬵Ҳܶһ¶Էһ֮ڱɿˡ
һУŲæ뿪Ϻħ

Ϻħһ֮ʧǧˣ檵ϺĶӣŲϴٵϢܿʹ
ǻЩţǺϢԽԽңϺħһֱûгĴ㣬£˰ΧȦ֮ǰϺذצĳҲ˻Ϻ
Ϻħ֮ǰԻҲͳͳֹͣ
һǲòˣ
˵֮ǰϺħǿ˸ͷڣϺħȴһЦˣɱţ黤ڴ󣬽ȺԴ˴ϴٻٻ߲ˣһֻŵʱܸЩ¡
Ϻħиչе޻ţҪˣ
ʵ޷һжһһɵģ
ǼҲɱĹעϢ
ô
һûʵĴУһɫ۵ĸ˺һ״飬ϣ˵š
ʮҵͣҲʲôµĺۼپ£ķ죬֡
⸾ˣ˫ǵǲӣǼǷޣǶ˹ͬĹ֮λ
УְλǷ򸾶˹ͬΣΪ⣬򸾶һս໥ϲܷӳǿս̽նǷһж
ǼĴĶʼţҲ̫Ҳһҹʮ꣬Ϊ˵кڰɣΪԱ䣬ľǶʼŲӵеΪ
սǲ˵սѾܹɱһɣǻܣǻɱԽսɣԽսѣǺǳʥأжԴͳ֧ţ츳оˣǧܴ½ļ֮һˡ
ʲô
ǲӵõϢɻˣܴ½İͼһٵĵĴԲͣмһ½½ΧĴ
Ϊ½ĵۣƫԶɽöࡣ
ض࣬ԪḻĵرԪʯԴҲȻˣʥضѡַ
˵Ĵе֮ӣͲ˵ƫԶ򣬳ǧǰħ۳ĪƾðһʵĴʥʥڤۣĴУʱ䣬ĴвʲôǴɽ
ҲϺħҪɱ½ԭȶԣеԴҪƶһЩ
ѵģֻ߿ϺħʲôҪ᣿ǲ˼һ£˵
ᶫ̫ܣʲôǰ֮ӵۣҲ²⻹ΪоɳɣǧǰڤΪһħҪѰһʵŮȥȻҵĴһλʥСŮϣȻ͵͵ٳߣɥĲˣ¶ڤ۱ʥֽ𣬴ԺϺħͲֻǶԷһֱϺ͵£ƷҲߣᣬػܴ½Ҫٴռܾ˿ǲˬˣҲĳ̫ҪȥǾѡϺħˣһɵϺħƤ徲ҲܴﵽĿģڿ̫֮ˣ
ţ˵ˣǸأ
Ҫܣ£ֵܲģܳûӴһ̫ӣ̫֮ʱܽöԷĻǼһ£˵
ˣһ׵ƷţҪ̫ˣǲҡҡͷγ뽻
ΪлģĻǾһᶼûУ˵˵ڡ̫ߴˣǣϺսҲóˡ
Ǽ˵ǲ۾һˣȡȸѪ壬ٽϵоôˣ
˵Ҫֻȸ̶ܴϾΪȸѪٽǵĹȸУǻ𽡣
˵Ǽɫ΢΢Ϻֲ꣬ȸѪطҧŲ˵


687 ݼ̫
Ҫ֪ߵľѪһʧͲײ䣬漰ѪйطȽϧ
˵ȸѪֲǴؾеõģһֱֻ˵֪
ʵϣ˵ĿʦһˣϹŷϵûУһżȻؾõ˸ֹط齨˵
˴˵ŵߣҲֲȸѪȸѪϰϵ츳۲һˣǰ˵ʢʱȻΪһط۽˵ڣ˵ѣǾͿʼ˼ˡ
ˮ𹦷˵ı𹦷ΪƣǻϵƳ̶ȸߣǴȸ֣ҪֻȸȡϵĲ־ѪоȸѪ϶ȡ
ҲǻᶥϺħѹ˵ԭ
ǲӵҪӿٶˣϺħƽϾûгˣʱ˵δؿǡ
ߣǿδأһս֮˵ʵѾ󽵵ͣѾ˼Դ˵һɣʵڻ磬ϻ˳һɣΪȹ̣ټЩϵ˵ҲֻεƷţûǿ٣ûʱǿ⣬ǼȻѾʲô뿪ȴô׵ģ
Ǽ˵ţЦһʶץץƣ·Ҫ˵ȫƿƵġ
ǲӿǼгӣ˵ִ֣ҷģͽ˼˵طⷽɣڽ̫Ǳߣɡ
ǲ˵ʱ򣬴֮ͻȻһŲһʵĸ̸ʲôأ
˵һü꣬ͦΣǼ츳ߵһӡ
ԴӱȷӵгΪǿߵǱ֮󣬱Ǽ򸾼ָӽʥصļ
ãϺħɱϴٵ飬˵ô
ô飬Ȼ˵ˣ˵һгһ֣֮ǲ˼飡
ţûҸ㸸׻̫ӣܽӴǺôܴҴҲϣ츳ڣǱ˲٣мڶԷǰ佾ܸ꣬ΪѵĻպٷܶ꣬ʳƵ۸ף
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һǱþ߷⣬ܵ¹һ
ʶһ̫ӵĻǾͲͬˣ
Щһֱδ̳ͬʱҲͨΪ˴֪
ֻҪᣬһӮλ۹̫ӵĺøС
ʱȥʥһʱ䣬ô֪ˣ
뵽һ˿˷ܵĹâһţ˵ĸԼǣ죬˵ĵףĸһͬǰнύĻᣬһ
ţãҵĶӣǼЦϺսʵһμõĻᣬһпܵõ˵طһ棬пܽύ̫ӡ
涼ܳɹĻһ
еĺΰͼ֮ʱ˵Ҳŵδ
ɡϻҲǻ˼ܿͼֻ֮ǰƣòίߣָ̡
ۿʮ֮ڻ࣬Ϻս棬ת˵ҲڿһĴˡ
ʱ˵ʱסıԺУһ֣߰˸˵ĺ
ʦʦ档һŮһĬĬ£ƣոմ
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˵߲֮УϢܶϢƴġ
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ĴϵϾǰȥַȻȴ飬ʧ˾϶Ϻħ򶼱ɱϴˡ
Ϣʵ޷š
൱һ֮ɨϺħ򣬴檵һɳ仨ˮɥ֮ȮɱϺħҪ޻ţϺħܾʹţ
񻰰սʵ޷󣬶꣬Ҳ˶أǣ˵ݵĸߵȼ˲֪˲ˣǶõϢ
ʦԺ޿֮
šϻ˵ͷĳ֣Ϻս䣬˵Ҳ˶ӭת
ֻǲ֪޻ʱأ޻Ϻħ꣬ȻϺħʧش󣬵ֻҪ޻δϺħռоƣǻҪѹե
ǧһ˿֮ɫʱѹ˵òʥ޻ھϣ׽ȥȻΪΪȸѪ
ÿÿ뵽ǧ絶ʣȻԼޣʵͬãΪ˵İȫ˺ʼǧеһᡣ
ϻ˿ǧ룬̾һҪˣ߻ʱ֮ķģԲ˼ˡֻûʧһЩѪˡ
ϻ˵ҲѹԼ޻ҲˣǶ߻ȸ˵ѪΪʧˣʧΪʧͶ뻢ıƤҪ۵ģֻϣܹشϺħ򣬸һЩϢ֧֮ŵ⼸ʱ䣬ǳͣ
ţ֪ǧǿЦЦʾԼû¡
ϻ̾һˡ
˵߲ۼһ̸δʱ֮ϣһҵؽƷϢɣ֮Ϻȥ֮ϵˣǲĸˡ
ǴȥϺħݼ̫ӡġ
Ȼˮ¥̨ȵ£ʱ򣬷ƹȵĳѾǰ˵ݼˡ
ƹ˳õǰݼˣ
˵Ѿɽ֮⣬ƹĴһվΪ׵һ˴˵˷֮⾳ԴϰԶԸš
ƹ˳õǰݼˣ
ûзӦظһ飬Ȼʮ㣬ȴЩģԷɱһɵĴڣݵλǲ֪εԺգһССƷŻڶԷ죬ͻ᲻Էϲ
ƢԹŹ֮ˣԼϷŪԼпܡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ͻȻһӵ˷ƹȣڵķƹȣ


688 ǰ
ţ
ƹȵĴ򶼾ˣ꾹Ȼ֪Ƿƹȣ
Ҫ֪Է̫ܿӣʥʥ֮ǷƹͨƷţɳ϶ûУʥǰֻһ̶֥Сɡ
ټܴ½ʵ̫Զ˵ڸкû뵽꾹Ȼ֪ǡ
ѵ˵ô
뵽е࣬ش˻ǳڵķƹȡ
ǸĬһ˵ɣ
ǣˡ
һϲɽš
һŽ棬˽һ֮УԶԶľܸомǿϢ
֮Уǰһ걳Ǹվ
˵ıӰһ˱ͦıǹɢһɾ˵ϢԪƺΪԪӿȫԷǺΪ֮Ϊʵľ
ƹ˳õǰĻݼˡĸһͬ
תĿǼ·ؿڵķƹȱ־ɨһۣ˵ƹȡûǴĻһΪչƼϯӣ
չƼ䣬ĸ򶼾ˣԷ֪ƹѾǾò˼ˣȻ֪չƼ䣬ôܣ
ʶҼٹ
ֻһ֮Եѡ˵
ǺüĴ󻤷ϵֻǼǿƽʲôССϺ֮ȫǵסԶ˵Ȼʲôϡ顣
ٹôлλأ
Ĵ󻤷ţʱ˵˿֪˵Ҵȥ
˵
Ĵ󻤷в죬λô˵Ҵߣ
ǲҶʣĻظش˻СҲ֪˵ҼҹٹӦ֪
ԭ̫ϣĴ󻤷һ˵оâһ
ʣһ仰˵Ųɵ˸޷Υ־
ĻҲʲôǴˣСʣҪһʱʱ䡣
˵뼫ԶһϢҪվת̾ҪСʱ
չƼյĴϢ֮΢΢һ㲻ѯ˵Ϣʲô
⣬Ȼҵ˵ݣû˵ʲôػģչƼҲʵʵ˵˵ЦϺħ򶼱ţοǷƹȣǾһ磬ǵžͲûˡ

üһոյõϢ˵Ͷ
ţֻ˵ľλøȫ˽⣬ֽһĨ׳˵ȥ
ɭɭıУһһǹ
һƷ򵱳ɵˣؽƷ
һ˵һȦֻдɳϲʸõؽƷľҲöĵؽƷѡ
ױϱ֪Ҳֻ޻һ
׳ؽƷֻһϢҪǴ·ĺֻ
Ҫ֪򲻹ѣһļֵͱȫһҪ౶
ǡǡСƹȻ㱨˵ˣĴĴһ־ǵؽƷ
Ϻȥ;Ҫഫ󣬱뵽֤ͨУҲǴ·ԭƼֻһ̼ǧǡ
ӳؽƷԭޱȷϴϺħ˵Ǿţһë˵ǵؽƷˣһƷǺ⡣
Ҫ󣬷ƹȵȻʾдʹá
ȡһֻƹŵۣʱǲŷ˶ľȺˡ
ڴ֮ǰǾ͸о֮г֮⻹мǿϢڲſ⼸Ϣˡ
ľȺߣ˶֮ӣĵۼţƹ򿴵˵ʱ򣬰һʣЩ֮ӡ֮Ůгġ
ĴȻ鴫
аţĸῡܣʱľ
ľȺ߶Цһ£۾ˡ
ؽƷ۵ķٶȽӽһǿߣ˵ѸԶȥܿǾãã޼ʵĺ֮ˡ
ܵľɫипǧʱ֮ãҪؼˡ

뿪˵ͬʱϺħ֮ϣ檵һɳƯϺħߣҲ½½Ļˡ
檵һŷֵʱÿšˮˣǱݻٵĹ
ΣǵĻڴ󣬴ɱǵĵӣҲͰˣϴϺħĽȺǴߵģȻͳͳþ
Ϻħ򻨷Դľǧ۽ڤҩ԰Ϊʱʱִ٣ûüתеҩҲ״ݻ٣
ǿ̣벻̣
ҧгݣȭյָڷף̫𣬱ˣĲΪˣ
ԣħҲǻɱڣΪߣû˿ʱı顣
һжǰͣħ˵ĵ֮ǰĺƽУ檶ʧˣ
檷ŭ߳ϣһ˫ˣ죬˵һ飬һΣųϳ֮Իеڲڶʱ򣡡
ߣһ˵ˡ
ܻĶһɳ˵
Ѿˣ֮ǰھϮĵӴһǧٵһǧ֮䣬֮⣬дŰ˾Űٵĵ֮ûٻˡ
ɳϿЦ˵Ϻħϴ̫ͻȻˣӸͲֵ֪ĵʲôˣЩ˴ΪϺħǵʲôˣò׽ٻϺħĻ˵ٳһƵĶˣǾ͵ùˣһ֮
Ǵ˵ֻҪϽǵʵһʳ
Ϊĺڡߣȥһ˵СܵߵϾڷ˵Ƕˡ
֪ˣ
һûгϣʵ̫ɺˣΪһսϺħмĳɣŵԴ˸ࡣ
ͱٵĿؽѣҩ԰󡢲Կ˴κһҪؽҪĴԴʱ䡣
֪չе޻ʵһֱйעϺħ֪ıչûܵӰ죬ıӰһ㣬ʧ͸Ժˡ


689 
Ϻһǧ֮Уѹ󵽿ֲֵĻԪôĵطҲ֧ţһԪ飬ͻȻ¶ֲѹ֮£ȻĤ飬ѣͣӶ˵
ںһΪٳķռ䣬ָ˺ˮдʵĹâһƬԵø
ڿռ֮УһӻţںϣϢ
ۺұ۶Ѿ⣬Ҳ˷ĩȴûѪ
ϸܷ֣Щڲϵĳɳţ鵽ϸ΢顭
ڶɹ̵޻
չصѾĸ£˫ɵѾɣ˫۵ڽУΪյ鵤ؾ۹̻δʼ
޻ȻڱչأϺħ飬ȴʮ
ʱžϺħĻڴ󣬴ɱħӣƻ°ϺħԴһж޻С
޻ĻһĻҲüѪ
ŭģһӿͻɵĹ̹һ񣬻ʱԼ򵥵˫̣޻ڴ֮ǰѾɹɣʮϤѹŭ𣬲ö˶ʧܣʱɵǸΪյ鵤ؾ۵Ļ˵˶߻ħ
޻ȻΪϺħӰɣɴж˸֪һĳأ˫Ѿɣʮ죬˫۾ͻϣȻ󣬱ǿʼΪյ鵤ˡ
ϷؽʬΣ꣡

һٶ֮⣬
һۻ£֮ϣǲĸӣԭҪȥʶ̫ӵģȻǵõϢ̫Ѿ뿪˵ˡ
ҿȥģ˵֮ҪȾ򣩡
˽ȵǣǲĸӴơ
ĸƺƹȽӴ̫ӣ֪Էʲô̫뿪˵ѲҪȥƹô
ߣƹǵСţ˵磬ʲô̫ӵģھǲ֪̫ǲʲôĿģǻϤĿģɵĻȻӮĺøС
ǲӿ̫ʵȻǲ˵Ҫ̽鱨ҶĻǾͲЩܴ½ϲ켣ǧˡ
ܰ϶ԷæǾˡ
̫ߣȷһţȿ˵
˵۾һ̰Ĺâ˵ľѪֲطҲˡ
⻹ǧϵȸѪȡǧ괦ŮڵӣԼ̳жԷһԪ֮תΪΪȸѪ
޻ģȸѪ츳мӳɣܲģ
֮⣬Ҳ룬ѪûʲôãطԸһ˫޵ĻȢƣԷΪޡ
ǧ귢ϵȡǧȸѪ֮Ʊ˫ޣļʴٽԼɣ⵱ȻĽ֡
Ҳֻˣϻ˾ԲκһַϽ˵δƶˣôܽǼ޸ٹ
ԭ˵ǩ˰Э飬ϸһһһʵʩļƻڣΪ̫ӵĳ֣Ϻսı̫ˣһϺħʧܣв˵ĳûˡΣС
ɿڵζܿԲܸģ

ҹɪƬɽŵƻ𣬶ɽ֮ϣһƬͰɽΪСɽ
˵ˡ
һţûйûʱڣûԪʯҩ԰֧֡
ζ뿪һǾǡء
νؾԪ۵ĵطܶߣԸȥѾūͣҲԸȥ˹ȵүΪأ
ûأԸߵȼ߼ۼڴɺʹ֮У˹һ߶Ѽ
֮¶еȻԪȵԪ˹丮߳˵Ԫֱȸ߳
ԽƷţռصƷҲԽߡ
ܴ½˵ߵȼأ͵ȼҲͱϷִ˵ͶһΪѰӻһΪ˷ֵһɽûأһҲʧȥ˴ڵĸ޷߼ˡ
ƬʱפȻԶ˵ԪḻײƷҲ˿ˡ
ѵõǣΪ޵Ļ֮Ԫˮ֮ԪΪḻҲ˵֮
ʱѾҹʱ֣ҹɫĻװ籦ʯһ貵ķǣɽһƬڣɽϰϰżԼֺԼöĳ
¹࣬Сɽĺɽ֮ϣʯΪɽ庮һ˪һŮʯ֮ϣϢӱӰȥ׷ɫٲһɢںɫȹ֮ϣȥһ֮
Ůӣǧꡣ
˵ڴϢȻߵԪȴʮңûγѭ״̬һǳѧĲŻ᷸ĴǧѾ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷǧ̾һֹͣ˴ЩεˣԪҲˡ
Щ죬ʼڵĻеλɽⲻĽᣬͷͨﵼ֮ʹԪתȫ״̬
ʦеϣѹϣʮ֮ڻ롭ھĶô
ʮ֮ʲôǧ󣬽ʱǷƽǷŵΣһ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⡣
ҪţҪڵʵʱҲʮ߰꣬ʮ߰ʵҪĴĶˡ
ǧܾãһеѹϺܲƽ˵ĺܶӶϣüأʱ»ܴܺѹ
ҡҡͷȥ룬ǧǿԼ붨ֻԼǿմﵽɵΪΪֵ
ʵǧҧ촽һϵޱȵĿʵ
ԼоԵʵڿŵ˵𣬿Ż˴ߣµۣ˵طԼ裿
ҹǧ붨֮һǰǴĹâ
е֮ǧȻһסˣ
ôᡭ
˵ɽķָӲ˺ʮϢʱ䣬ֻƿ֮һµӰҰ֮УԽԽ
ǧʶס죬ȻܺãǴʱȴ޷ƵˮҰ
ղŵĴϻ˴ֻһ仰ˣȥɽ㡣


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ǧ죬֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬ίܵѹֱʹ糱ˮһӿļ䣬ټͻȻľ޴ϲã̲סȪӿ

ͣǧǰԶĵط˭ûзһ˿졣
ԭǧĵһ̣ͨĽڣܵǧʱܵԼޱǿ˼
ĵңǰٹʱ䣬ᷢʲô顣
ʶֱۣҪסǧ꣬һȴڰ·ͣ£ЩнȻǧʮ˼ǧĸ飬ȴǰĽ֮һ𾴡һǧ겻ʳ˼̻Ĳ֮ġ
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Ըо˫Լϵ΢΢ʹС
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ʦ㣬ҵĸĸأͻȻʵ򣬳˵ǧ֮⣬ĵľԼĸĸˡ
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ʵڵһ׶ΣߵеԪҲʽڣֻǾ͵ɱ֮ߵʵԶܱȵģ
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üͷһ壬ţ붼Ҫˣ


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ҪȸʲôЩŭ⣬ǧ˼侮ʯ˵Σ֮ʱҪۣҪֻȸһ˵һЩǱĬ̲˵
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ŮߣЦţ֣ûô
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šͷţȣûʲô飬˵ȴΪԼĵڶҡ
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΢΢һЦллľֺ⣬պٻʥħ½ҿ»Ҫ߶ˡ
պҩ֮ΪԼŶݼ׵ƽ·ʱƱҪһЩԴ
ѰԴһʥصȻҪԼȥѰ׵öࡣ
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ʱϻˡɡ˴ӲԶ˹Ϊżǧ꣬ϻ˵ֻǴҴûü˵ʲô
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Ԫţƽع飬һҪţҲҪκ֪˶㲻


693 ͻ
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Ҫ֪Ǹ޻ħ۹֮У޻жڱ޻֪ţǺ֪ˡ
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ݣԪ±ϳȻԺСò
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ûϵҡҡͷʱôãͰüɮӦòµõˣҸʵȻޣоڣҶһŵǿߣüǹˣ򲻻֡
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ʱıԺ֮У߻һӴ߳ԼĪʮͣĸһ£ٹλߣĳϡ
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ɨһۣЦˣ֪ղŸ˵Щ˵ϻԭǴŰ˵ġ
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ۿԽԽɢǿƸѹȸУɫ˵Ҫʲô˵ĵǻɱǶ
вЦһһֻ̧ǹԴӽѪɱԭʱ䣬־ᶨҲɱıѪɱԭɱ¾֮ȾѪɱ
֮ǰͻȻǧ궯֣λɣΣ֮ʣҲѹֵɱŭ޵ľǱ˹Ҫˣһȫ֣ȫɱҲʹãĹϵʱö
嶯ǧӰһǰԪɱһЩڸƲɱǸͲˣôǸƷţǿҲˣһ޻صĻûһɿŵ㣬ǳΣգҲ޻Ķְ
˵ˣ㻹ŵϢȥҲᱻʹ֪ʱٸ³ޣܱܿܵеġ
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˶ľȺĻÿɷӾֹ״̬ͻȻصһȭؿڣԪݿһȭҵ³Ѫ
㡭㡭
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ֽһĨȡһöҩָһֱĿС
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ö˵ԵҩǴһȥİħϵõɢ裬ħһ壬ͨͨƸҩǵҩϵͳҩϵкܴĲͬƽҩɲ̫ס
ɢҪþ÷ȫ޷ʹȼ̫ߣȫʢ״̬ȥҲû̫Чšա˵ĻҩЧˡ
㵽״ʲôϻʱ򶼼ˣղһ棬һͨսϸ˵ۿѾʱҪѾˡ
ʦϸ˵Ѿˣеʰòԭشɣɳϸˡ
ʰѲҪЮ뿪ϻüһʵһƵ뷨
ڵ˵޴ȥصĵط̾ᣬԽ߼أɵȼҲԽߣûأ˵ܿͻʧȥģֱ
ʱҲܵǿϢĿϻɫ΢䣬ȵȼһŴ˼Ϣȥ
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Űɣһῴʹĺ޲ҧԼͷ
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֮⣬һɰΪȻ˶ؿڣ˵ء˵˵ǿľϻˣǼϻҲûʵҿ޵˿ڣƺǹˣѵǰСģ
ʮͣΪڣӦòܣΣԷȻһţ츳
ǲɱŭ֯һʱǹָŲӣ϶ҪֻɱῡܣһɳȥʮʱͻΪһֲĵˡ
𶯾УҲ֤Լһţֶܻǹָƽ˵ʵǲѾɰϣԼ벻Ƕ֣ҹؼǧꡢƵˣЩǲǰ޵ֿ֮
ޱвңϷ㲻ǲӳֽе彣ֱָ糱ˮ㱬һߣƾͻᱻѹжѣվȣ˵ǹסĲвǲˡ
Ȼѹ棬ûаָоֻĵٶһ£׼Ϊʬ
˵һεɱɢɱȻδȫ߶ǹѪصһĸоǲ񾪲һɳϣڳϣҲһݣ˴˶ӣӶԷпһĨ塣
ôһͷųƣôǲӵѹûаָо
㵽˭ǲӳʵʼоˣԷȻʱ䣬Ҫʲô
˵ƽĻش𣬶ԼݣûҲס


699 ̤Ьٴ
ǲ֣һȻ뵽֮ǰϺħΪһϺ췭ظѰͣԭƺһȺϹһħ۹ʧ٣ʧٵʱħ۹еرҲһʧˡ
ϺħΪܿȡ˱
˵ƺҲôΪѰ䣬ֻ޻ĵĶôʱ䣬Ȼպ޽Ҳʵ۵
ڣǲӶȻǰԳȻʶһֿܣܿǰħ۹к޻˵ıȻѿǣһεĵطչ࣬ʵͻͽ
뵽ǲӵһݴǺ۷ΪϹǰͬջ·ӤôõرΰȻ뿪ħ۹
ʱ䣬ôӺ۷Ϊ
ͷǲӵԺǰޱȣ˾Բ򵥣
һ棬ȷݣǲҲ֪˶ԷʥظûʲôϵһͲؾ¶Էıˡ
ԭˣ޻޲ýʬΣ㾹ȻĴεپһ飬ϷҶһȫʬ˵еӸᣬˡ˶ѺϺħ޻ǵġ
ǲǷһЦݣδ֪ĵ˲µģѾĳȻ츳ˣЩֶΣƽƽûǿıһʮһǧƷʲôˣ
ǹµʱĳбޱȣԭԷǸƷŵСӣ֪ˣ֮ǰͲηηˡ
ǱһʥʥŰֵزҲˣϾˣСܵԴܵĽ̵кܴ࣬ټ϶Էݸ߹Խܡ
ǱһƽСС˵СŪǱоһڻ
ԭ㣡ʲôԴ˱ĲôҲò˵޴֮Ϊԭ˵ٵõıӻ෴Ϻħ򣬽˵ʦСˣΪ
ĴЦţҵŤ·ֻѰҵһƽ⡣
Ϊеʵܴ˵ǣȡø棿̫Цˣ˵Ϊİ׳ḶʹĴۣ
ÿ˵һ仰ûʲôʾϻ˺ɵɫѿһ֣˵ĲֻվЮķʽȥĻǸûκ壬Ҫ䣬֮ؽ⵽׷ɱԸ˵Ľڣ֮ǰΪ˵һЩżƽԼǿӶ˵ԴôڵĻǿǶܸɵó
ЭǳЮ˵е뿪ôһֻ飬ɵǼƤӵ뿪ΣҾ뿪˵Ҳûŵĵطǽɢɣ˸߸·ҪôؼҽӣҪôɼ֮·
Ļ˵Ͳˡ
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ǧܵĿ⣬üһһ֮ɫ
ǧı飬ȴܳ졣ǧ꣬Ϊ㱯㾹Ȼϲôһʵȴ³çİ׳գýԸһңҵԸ˵һЩ֮ء
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Ǻ¼ŭ֮ǰһǹƣѾ̲סҪе龰ˡ
֯εʱͻȻĿһңԶһʵĺӰڷٿտʱֻǰƴСתۼѾзӴСˡ
ţʲô
˶ע⵽ߵĺӰԾ˻кԶѾһô󣬿ɼĿֲΪķٶ̫죬Χƶ忪ˡ
ǲӵ˶ȻǺһͷޣķֱ֮ľ޴ԼſȾ޾Ĵ졣
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ǲӵ˶ǲԣϻˡѾɫ䣬һҲһι˺˵Ļڴôǧ˵һ
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ǲüһԭǾȻ鴫
⼸Ϻս̫ˣȻڵս棬ΪٶȺ͹ʽĵһԣκβ˶ɣǵ۶ŵɱ￰޵еսޣƷϺħҲһ޷֮ı˺顣
֮Ӧ̫ӣʲôǲʱоɲֻһƷţ̫ӿ϶ǵġ
ѵ̫ʲôҪǰæ
뵽ǲвڴ̫ʵȻǿҶ߰ʲô飬ȻҪЩ
ǰǻû취̫ӴϹϵ̫ӾȻѾˡ
ܸ̫ӽõ꣬ĺôԶ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡡
ǲţ׼̽鷳̫»ӡۿۣٹЮ֣ȻֵΡ
λϣȲСɽҪ̫ӿ
ǲӶĸԪ˵ʱìȻǲˣֻ


700 ̫
ǣĴæŲǲµֻǼ󷨣ٶȺܿ죬ǳԵ󷨶̫˵ױƣ̫Ӧòôûò顣
ָֻһǴܿγһ޴ĹĻСɽ
һĻԣڸʲô
ΪǲĸϵĽԪȫ֪ǸڶľٶΪ¡
ˣ
Ԫ¶ŵЦݣȻǲ󷨵ٶȺкܴġ
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ǲӷɿԪ˵Ȼո˵ͻȻɫһ䣬ʱֱСɽǷ塣
Сɽ岻룬Ծٶȴǲӷ֮ʱѾͣСɽϿˡ
һ峤ʮȻ֮£žпֲȷʵһּѹָС
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̫ӵʹӣһΪʹӣ̫ӣ
ڳ˵뷨Ҫ֪ϵǿܹʮѣΪ̫٣ĺܴһֳ϶ߵΪԭű߳Ц
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ˣǾˣ԰ǧһֱСûʲôĴĵطҲǸΡ
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ԭֻΪ˿ǧˣû뵽̲˵⣬˵Ƶ˵ز;޴󣬲Яһʼ̽ȻѺõ̬ȣܴžڵɱֻ
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׼ߣǾ˵һǧྫӢӣЩˣ뿪޴ȥ̫ױϮˣǿҲҹǡ
ЦһҸᣬȻ㲻ϧǹֲˡ
˵䣬ͻȻſ죬һ¡¡һ㴫ߣžеͬһֱ
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ʮദСǧ磬ЩԳһƬռ䣬еݻܴʮദһ㹻ǧ˵˵ˡ
ҪǣﱾһɻԪľޣһξ̣ԲﷶΧԪ˵ھһȻأƷܸߣ㹻˵ˣ


701 ߣȥ
ַûڣ԰ȫأܡ
㡭ǲ﷢ˣĲµʲôһû˳⣬ʲôƴ
һھǰȫʯͷǰļˡ
ֱֳǲȻ̤ǰһ
վű𶯣üһ΢ǹʱĺ֮Уֱӵסľ׵ǣѪøˣ
ĸҡ
ʱ಻ԣȫˣһʼͱѹƣʵڸһֻСһУֻҪԸ⣬ʱҪԼ
ǲӵɴ۾ŭĶʲôˣֻĿݵİ˵еתߣﶼû°ǧ˽ľݣţݲȵˡ
ӶһᣬףݵǨ㡣
ʦҲȥֳֳǹͷҲصĶϻ˵
ϻ˿ıӰƤ΢ΪѾ޷ճĲо־Ȼı仯Ȼ·ŸҸ
ͣڵ֮ϣ˷ƽϻˡơľȺ˴ݵȥǵѸջء
뿪֮һŰǹסıģżһ棬ȥ
ǲӿһĻŭʲô˼Ѿ뿪㻹Ҷӣ
뿪ôЦЦ˵֮ǰ˵ѡᣬԼϧڣǳǸҸıˡ
˵ţȻһصĴϣ

Ԫڣƻ³һѪڵһ㵹ɳȥ
һǾֵļ򻯰棬ûľôҲ֮·ʹ룬ټ֮ıƣͨͷڵﾭейͻһʯһΪԪ谭
νġĲħ
˵֮·Ƿˣܲͻһɶ⣬˵ʳƵۣҪЧ

ǲŭھǰҲֻȥ
ջûɱ֣Ҳûг׷ϵвǲӾǿľвֻҪ﹥һʱᵴƽ
޷֤ǲӻ᲻ԼһĸףŮ˷ʲôʱԸҲҪ׷ɱԼĻǾͼˡ
ϾﲻƵĹȻǿɣ򲻵ǿߡ
οǲӵʵǿķֵĻƥǿߡ
ľ֣һƻľһϣԷɢǵעֻҪǲӵĵߣǲӾͲͷԷĲ뵽Ϻħս
ת֮䣬Ѿɵ˾ĸǧϻⰲ֮£ûнСǧ硣
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һ˵ǧᶼˣԴӻ֮˳õ֮У⼸ζҪرȸûȥᣬΪѡ
Ϊ޹Ļǧ絶ʣҹߡ
ԼôľᣬôĿʹȴֻΪһ򵥵ġߣȥǡһжˡ
뵽ڿԼǧ޷ֹסˮ
лл㣬лл㡣ǧסظסоĪİ
ϻҲۿ΢ʪҲ˵Ļ룬ѹ˵ǧ˵һ٣ʲôֶܶǿҲãлٵʵı䣬˵ڣ⼸ϻ˳ܵѹ󣬶Ϊһˣһѹ̳һɢ
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ʱǧֻǾվΪԼǷӢӣһĪĸо絽ļ䣬ǰδе㣬ָ֪оǡҸ
Сɽа룬Ծ˵ֻǶ̶̵һ򣬶ʱǲӻСɽŵĸˡ
ֶϵ֮ȻԽϺ֢Խ٣ƫƫһǹעսһֳֹֻ࣬Ҳϳ
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ǲϵþҲôһֲļһ赲˵ģȻǴʱսľз࣬ҲӲͷƤϣԷǸʲôġ
һʮﷶΧľ޴ĻĻڴˡ
λͬޣΪ£
Ϊ׵ĺ³Ͽ˵ҲΪסˣҪһСĻ
һ仰ոʳͻȻһں³ϵǰǲӵ׿ڴֻĸ֣ٿ󣡡
˴򵽼ſɱ٣Ҫ˽ʱǲǺεȵҿɼһˡ
ûݣҲЩˣĶԾ

һ£ԲڵԪͬĺˮһӿĵԭԪԭͷḻޱȣһ·©һ㼱ټš
Ϊ׵ĺ³ɫ䣬ȣһ£Ѿˣ̿󣡡
³ʱĲµǰȻʲôˣĻһٸҪˣǶͷƤ顣


702 Ǽ
ȻվŵΪߣµǹú³ûа㷴˼
һ֮ǰĲ²⣬³Ϻܻǰǽһ÷з̫ӡ
Ҳ̫ӵһࡣ
ǲǧϻ𣿡
³ϿһһŮӣһڿˮоԼЩתˣ˵ô̫ǣһ𣬶ҿǵӣԺܡ
ۿϵУ³ϻæ˵顣
תԵڵĻŸʲôȥ󰡣
³ϷŭԾ˵ĻڴֽûʲôҪǿ󿪵ˣڴ󱻾ˣ޲ҪһԴˡ
ڻһ²ŷӦæת壬ҵļһȥ
һΧһȦ־ʧˣվھ֮ϣݽ롣
³ϿһĻɫ࣬ǻ֪ʲôʲôʱɷǡ
ϢϽǡǧѵ
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ҧ檳´Ϻħֹһ뿪ħһǧ֮Ԩϡ
ĳЩ£Ҫһ·ʲô飬檾ŭȵŸʲôȥ
ǳһæȥˡ
ʣһˣӶĽʳ˾ֱ̫㲻죡

ϺħʱϺħѾȥ¥գ⣬ŲæϺħҩ԰ҩ԰ԭʣҩתˣȻϺħ߳˵ʱߵġ
΢΢һЦΪ⣬ЩҩԭûۣΪġ
Ϻħҩ԰룬ҩ԰ߣﳤȥ
Զһǧ֮һĵϣ̸ͨӰһУζըˣ֮ǰ˴вΨҩ԰еû뵽ߣҲܴߣϴˡ
ֱǻȳ棬֮ݲ
ؾҵ춼ˣ㲻ú

־Ϻɶ֮󣬱㻺ĳ˺Сԭ񺣾ޣǱɵС
ȣˮѹǳֲһɵǿߣĻսҲ
ȻȴԵѹл硣
ʱھüĴСǧ磬˫ĿգǰŷؽƷħ֮ǡ
Сӣͻƾ磿ħԺ
ħӾͻѾʱ䣬ǧŮĹ֮Уչһ£ΪڴɣںʮħΪﵽڶ壬ڵؽƷħ֮ǵ֧£ͻڲ⣬ʶħдһʡ
Ȼȴҡͷȴﵽڶȥͻƣһﲻڶһ첻ͻơ
νڶǸʵµʱ򣬵еԪ֮Уû˿ɢγľ˾ڶһ㣬ֻ벻þˡ
ﵽڶߣԪԶһߣԪٶҲҪ߿ö࣬ʵûа취ȡ
٣˵òʵպγƿҪĲͻΪǴûҹ޻ػмµʱ䣬Щӣﵽڶˡ
ħ͵˵Щ꣬ħȻֱӳ֣ȷʵָܶ㣬˲·
ϥ£һؽƷħ֮ǣʼоޱȵ
֮һЩΧתɢԪᾧΧɢҵ̬ѹ˱档
̼ΪΪɢԪǶˣԭѾϵԪٴҪһ顣
Ҫ˷ЩѣҪϵӹѹ
һУҪĴʱûеؽƷħ֮ǵ֧֣Ҫóһʱ䶼δܳɹ
ˣţûԴ֧ţҲֻ˷ѵǱȻˡ
һįḶ́һһȥ⣬רĵĹ̻Ϊ֮ǰ˱ٹȵóԷˮһ¡
ʮ졭
һ¡
¡
·𻯳һǾСǧûг϶Ҫһ㳾ˡ
һֱµʱ䣬֮ڣļԪħ֮ѹ£Ըĳ֮ϡ
һɲǣͻ
ԭתŵ·ͻȻܲסʼǡ죬ʼˣ
Ȼ飬ǲƣ˿ʼ̮
̮һ˲䣬ƺһȻһо౻һħצץסӲļѹһһ㣡
ǲʹĸоȫʧȥָӣھкֱֽšⶼͣʹˣһ̣Լһ
صģΪ飬ʱʧȥãȵᣬͿٴʹˡħԺ𣬴ߴﵽԺԪϣԪ۵λáͻΪߵ㣬һ飬߻̱
ھǲ
ܿ죬ˣͣѪҲʼֹͣܵ£ȴƫƫһʹı鶼޷չ¶Ϊ沿Ҳ޷ָˡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ĸ֪ʼģʱȫͻȻɫĹ⻪ԭĺҴССȵСٶȣǱɫҲԭɫ˳׵ĺɫ˿
֮ʧȥ糱ˮһصϣеԪָתѪҲʼָһսڵϴڴڵĴղָоĸһ
Сӣ׬ˣħܴ½ʱҲûдﵽˮƽħЩᣬ鲻Խļ츳ʵĻպĳɾͣ
ڵϺһŻڵɵڲ˿ͨһʱյĺڰͨһ㡣
ñ壬£Ȼ뾶ԽСԽǿ
ʱеΧԪȻ֮࣬ĸоСǧеԪʼԴԴϵĻ۹գҲᱻڶɵԹԵĳ棬ΪΪһ֡
ǺڶһɺڶߣΪ˶ԪȻһ㣬ͨĪˡ


707 ޻
һдϲڶԪٶҪԶͨߣǻָһΣټϺڶԭԪͨںڶǰȫǱɱĽࡣ
ڶ֮㣬ȡħ֮ǣ׼һڡ
Ѿһʱ䣬㹻ȹ̣ڱչسڿνˮɡ
ʱչصʱϺħ򱱷ԶͻȻһӺ״涼¡¡һ㲻ڶ

汬ըһɫˮֱʣˮ֮Уһ۵Ĺͷ˸ڰУ˫з·ȼźɫĻ档
޻
֮ͻɣ޻ͻƵò鵤ؾ֮гȱݵ㣬ЩȱݣܳΪպɵˣ
е൱һ֣ǰͣΪϺħĴƻӰ޻ƽԡ
ͻɣ֣һԵӰ춼Եĺ
޻׼֣ŭʱֲڹؼʱ̣űǴЩȱݵ㣬Ҫİʱ䡣
ܲŭ
ٽϺħĴƻ޻޲ýʬΣ
һ޻ֱӵȼһŴ
Ƭ֮󣬴檻ظ޻أϲ£ϲϺħиĹˣµ޻ڵЩ檰Ϻħһ㣬Ҳˣ۸ſڻҿֻ޻
檵Ϊһ㲻ĸ޻
޻ǷһݵĻȣЩ˵ķȫתƵ˾УǱϺˣΪھо;԰ȫΪҾҲô
޻Ȼս˫ȭָžž죬һ㸶ۣ
ಣ
һɫĺ⻮Ƴ죬޻ȫٷɶݳȥķϺħ򣬶ȥ
ֻƬ֮Ǳ˺֮У޻Ҫȥҵıǡ壡
Ϻս޻л˲ٰʵ㲻æ޻ҲܹƽϺѣҪΪӦܴ½£û뵽ʱȴóˡ

һµʱȥչؿʼѾȥĸʱ䣬Ҳڱչжȹ˶ʮһա
ڶؽƷħ֮Ѿĵһˣ֮еڲϵͻԽԽˡ
ʱͻȻоµʯȻһ£Сǧ綼ڸղһ
ţô£
һħ޻棬˲ٰ֣ˡ
üͷһ壬粻ƫƫʱ
ͻƵĻһŬҪ׷ˡ
䣡
һ£ɫ΢䣬޻Ĺôôǿ
ħ޻ħе֪˾һЩ㣬ǼɵȥĿǻ޻ǾһﴦһԻҰߣǾ֪٣άƽ⣬ǳУ԰Ǿġ䡯ͻ𶯡
ħ˵ţһǰһͼͼһ߸Ϊ׵ı޻һۣһ͹ŹֵĺɫŽǣĳֺ޵޽ɵġ
޻վħ۹мī峤檺ɫߵϺħ
ĸ˲Ϊ棬עһվŵԳһħ࣬ǽɫëһ˫۾ͨйâ
ԾǣԳһΪǶɡ
һɡ
Ŀ΢ûĻԳһǱۺԳһ壬Ҳ֮һ
ܴ½ܱߵĴޱ޼ʣҪܴ½еȻҲзǿߣҪܴ½Ķöࡣ
ֻ岢̫Ӧ½ϵĻԲŻ˴ల£β֪Ϊʲôǻ޻ϡ
ԭİæ޹޻ܹڹޱȵҵң嶯ĺѰҵĻʮﳤľʵ̫ױˡ
Ժлͷ͵һ𣡾ǿҲܲסôһ㣬ھ˫ѾѪֱȾ˴Ƭĺˮ
ħ⣬ѵû־ͲԼô
ħȻᣬͷȻɵҲװװ򣬲㿴޻еĺɫŽôָӾж޻ܹħ۹зƾˡֻҪþﲻˡ
ħһ˵޻еĺŽǣԭָӾġ
ҵа취ھľ֮¾ӡǣʱָӾҪĴҡóǻţս棬óɱóɵǿߵҾָսҲκβ޻ġ
֪һڻþǼռƣΪΪвԸǼ򸾣ǿɱĵӣһǼ򸾴ơ
޻ڵϺħѾˣЩ
ϵĹȴް취Ĺֶ̫һ׼ʱֳ򲻵޻ǡ
ߴˣǰ㹻Ļ޻սܴܵӰ졣Ҳֻﲢ޵еģƣҲơ
ˣ嶼սרңطΪ޻ǿסѹǳԿԶˣô˵ȷ
ħ˵ţ֮˳һ͹ģһֱ̣˿ռϱ֮Уʧ
ŹСʱ䣬ڶˣһǧȥչ˶޻˵ķȻҲЩɵǿ߲Żɵ룬òԶԶ˿޻ǸɵıۺԳ̫Ӱ죬ǿһ߶Ĺһ߷һв˫۾Ҫ
˵ɱ㣬ר۾֣ҲɲС˺ˣο޻ĹɲֹǸ뼶ģҲذ׼һ˾ҪǼֶǿ
ӣ
ħܻ˵žϺȥ
޻˽ϣϲߵĲӬһ㷳ˡ
ʱھСǧУǧҲ龰֪޻Ѿأڵɱ֮˵ĵӶЩš
Ǿʱʱһ£һв˲ĸоܷסɵ޻


708 ͻ
ˮͰϸĺڹֿˮһ˺ɫĳìֱ˫޻ľ֮һһзΧĺˮ˲䱻ȵҽ¶ȣȻȴھ޴ѹ޷ڣһɫìϯεĺˮɱ
ħһĹĿסˣĸӦپ൱ͨ˵ĶĤǿĤҲǴڡ
һħԲٿž﹥ǽ󲿷£ס˾Ķ۾
䣡
ɫì޻ڵײۺĺʵǽϣļ뱻ֱжϣѪ
޻ĹҲˣ޷˼Ҫ
ϼԾ˵ʲôħⷢһЧɴ೹׷˷е˾Ķ۾ȥ
ͣں֮Ҳֺܱܸߵٶȡ
Сӣ޻ɫû뵽ھŽǵĸ£ԷȻܹ˴ݵָӾĹ
ղŵһӿ޻Ҳĺܴһŵҩ˵
˸žһ·ǰڼ޻ʱʱĹ޻Ծϵıʮ˽⣬һδιȻ޷ɴΧ˺ȴþ˶ദϸС˿ڣѪ죬һ·ǰ֮һɺѪߣˮƬƬȾ졣
޻ߣۺԳһ峤ͷƷȾѪĺˮٺЦųϣôȥиʱǾܺ֮ǰԼģǿҪǱۺԳһ壬ųϲҪˣ
޻һϷĳŵȻ
˵գһ̧֣һɫĹھϵĳ˿ϣʱ˿һЩ
Щӣħ⼸ʱܹıк޲ð޻˺ˣų֮޵в٣Ҳ˵Ųɱ˴򶼲ˣο޻Ĺרϵ㣬һ·ʧѪܶ࣬ڻʲôһĻȻԾӰ죬ϵʧѪпܡ
䣡
еСǧȻһ޻˶˾ӿƽĸ
︹ĺȲʮɣҲ޻˺Ŀһһİ
ۿŸˣħбŭȻƫƫ벻κνİ취ڵһͷһȺѪӣѷЧķ
ʱʧѪԽԽ࣬ҲĸѾһˣѾӰ˾ٶȡ
ʱھǰһ೤ĴϿȡ
Ǻ
ϺĺԴﵽɣ߰Ҳȣ£ˮѹֲ޷¾壬ҲƵǱ
޻Ͼ½ϵ࣬һط֧֣ǱļޣӦҪȾһЩ
ڣͱ˭Ǳø
ħһҧžֱǱȥ˦޻Ҳûϵڵխ޻ֻɲס
Ѹӣ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ
ǧɣ

ﲻϵѹĺˮǳѪҺͻ֮УƽԺľ޴ѹ˵ڵСǧ磬ΪԳһƬռ䣬Բѹ
ȵǧɵʱ檺ϺħȳܲסĻǵȻǴﵽˣдıˮ飬Ҳܲסȡ
Ȼȥ
޻´
ǡ檺Ͷͣ£һǵĻ飬ǿܾҪ޴ˮѹˣΪɸ֣ˮѹĻǾЦˡ
ȥǧɣɡ
ʱѾǺȣī峤˶صıۺԳҲܲˣֻͣȥ
ǧɣʱħѾܸܵսޣܵѹҲм޵ġ
ӻܼ֡ħ⿴ž֮ľһһӣﵽħǰ޻ЩȷʵֻС
ǧɣ֮£һ߼Ҫ޻ɫͣбۺԳһҲӽˡ
ھųɵڵֿˮ޴ѹ޷ۺԳһ峤Ҳ޻ö٣￪սĻķǳѸ٣ֻҪõòˣʱܻܲȥǸ⡣
ãȷɺ򡣡޻ھһƼӵľӡǣתϡ
ۺԳ峤Ҳ⣬ֹסǱơ
βʱˣħⳤһǧɣҲǾܳܵļˣ̣ҲӦĴ࣬ܵѹȻҲ
ȣĵúܿ죬¾ۼԪٶʮֳڣҲֻǿάְˡ
СӶںˣ
ħмƣע⵽޻ĸ֪ʼھϣһֻҪһϸͻٶ֯ʱƣ޻ܻЩ
ղŵĴսϴСС˿֮࣬ұ߸˿Ϊأ޻лʱ˺˴룬ûиµָƫƫľ޴ѹ֮£ûжˡ
ܲ
ʱħͻȻоڵСǧ緢һ𶯣еԪѸš
ħһ̶˿ռϱ֮УڵСǧ磬ƬСǧУԪʳУԴԴϵ۶ȥ
Сӣͻˣ
ħⱾΪҪø߰ʱ䣬û뵽ͻˡ
žｫСǧеԪȫ͹գŹСʱ䣬еԪ뵤еһ֮࣬ǰͻƺڶͬ龰ˡ
е飬̮ʮϢʱ۳һŸСٶȸˣ⾧˵ıΪī̺Ԫ֮ǰ֮ࡣ
ڣ
Ϊ˺ڶԪԶһܹġ
֮·ϣǸȽرľ磬ΪĽ׶Σһͨڣһڡ
һߴﵽ֮󣬱㿪ʼɣߵڻˡ
Ҳ˵Ҳѡ
޻ĸ֪Ѿ˾ɺĵطţֻҪһͻᷢǴǣô죿˱Ƶ̶ֳȣħ⼫ƣȵĺ򣬾Ҳ֧ܳȥ»УҪһ꣬ľģȻͻˣҲܵеùص޻
΢΢һ⣬΢ϸһ㣬ǼȻҪ۵ġ


709 ٿŶݼף
ħžǧɵɣȣѹɿֲ
޻һĺףĻͻ⵽޻Ĺˡ
ôħʵȻʵǣ޻ǲ࣬ȥԸ޻
ţȥϳضáһֱȥ׼ÿǵϳɱɡ
ۺڶͻڣʵһأԼӦǿɶصˣսж٣ҪɶĴһ֪ȥǵϳѡ
ϳħ۾һϲСӺܶԱʥθڣбʥ֣ˮ֧ŸС겻⣬ͷſֽŵƻɣڴǵı鰡
ħԽԽģʱǽѣȥϳƵȥĻͿԴݵ־︡棬ָ״̬һȷʵܲ
żȴһ½ǡ
˵ţֽȡһöɫĹʵ
ͬ˽ĢһĢľ֮ϣרųħ֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ľľǧ֥ķҩôħ֮ǵľֵ֪ˡ
ħǧľʬɷʱÿһʬɷſױ壬ʹöľȺ˵Ĺʬɷϲʹ
ӵս飬սעǹϣҲǸκβľʬɷ
ֱɱʬɷϳǵʯףŵ֪ǵܣӵз˿ֲ壬Ϊ
յʥľʬɷΪ̷ˣ̵ĸ֮󣬻ɸľ˵̺ȻҪö࣬ľʬɷΪǿܹܡ
Ҫ̷ħ΢΢һħ֮Ϊϳ֥̺̫ǿħҲҿ϶ܲܳסǼƷҩϣ̷ֱЧҪˡ
㲻պΪҩʦ֮ҩĻЧó
ҡͷҳΪҩʦҪ֮ˣʱҲһµĻԵΪ˽ʡһö˷ԼǱ˵ٺõĵرҲʱ󡣡
٣Сӣ˵úãһöȷʵûҪ⣬ǼƷʥҩȥܹķҲؽ׶ױˮ׼
岻ܸʬɷȣֻǵؽ׶Ҳ൱̬ˡ
εĿ겻Ǵ壬߷ҲҪô˻ᣬŶݼ׵ĵڶšš
ʱѾȥܾˣ㹻ʵֶҩͻƶŲѡ
ڶڣټ϶ŵĿ֪ҵսΣ
սȭͷгս⣬Ȳȥǿ߽ˡ
Уĸ̺ܵĿֲҪ˵һоƢ·ȫϸõ
ٳɣһڽȥڼһӿڡ
˼Ϣʱ䣬ͬڵĿˮһ㷭ĽѪ֮Уʼֱ
ѪѾεĴ籦ǼˣͻȻ˿ֲӿ룬ȴҲЩܲסˡ
Ԥ֮Уһ·;ܹƵ龰סʹŲæתԪʼڼ֮жš
ֳǣ֧֧Ĵ˵ͷ­ǻǻ֫ȫҪ֧ӣһȫô뾭ݡ
ǾͬһŹһűĹŹԽͣԽãô˵ԽǿȻʵϣߵǶΪǵ֮һ
Ϊ֮км񾭣񾭵ĻӶһܳ˽ضϣô߻ͷˣ˲֮ĵزжĵرҲѲȫӵļ񾭡
ǵԣעѱ߿⡢ࡢǣȴ񾭣衣
ͨʮɴ裬˼裬µս㹻ˣǵɾ磬ȴԵЩ㡣
ڰŶݼ֮УűǶĲ䡣
žۼǿߵǣΪģߵȫߵ֮⣬ߵıƽͷҲ
žžž
ĺһͬһεԪΧ弱תγһС籩ҵײ֮УϵܲסϢĻɳɢ¶ͬһʵı
ʱĺ󱳵ƤѾ˰͸ɫ͹Գһһڵļ׵Ѫܡ񾭶ĿӾ׵ʼµĵھŶμ׵У˵Ѫ⣬ЩѪһγһСѪ飬Ƕڣ
ʱͷ󺹣أ϶ദѪܾΪܲסѹ飬Դ˻Ȼδҧۼȫеһ𣬶Զŷ
һһεʧܣ¡
һʱʱ
ģĺˮжѪ˿ǿĻָܣ֧Ųôá
ˣɫ԰ޱȣ촽Ҳɫ˫Ϊľʹżĳ鴤Ѿµʯץϡˡ
龰ħҲľ˫ޣʮһϵĳޣʹĽҪܼʹࡣ
һʱȥ촽ҧƣ˫ĿѪ˿
ƣ
䣡
һɲǼ䣬ȫѪ֮ӿ˺󱳵ھŶμ׵ϵһ㣬·ʲôﱬըˣһѪӲĳʵƤ⣬׵һҵļһ㣬ֱʮԶ
Ѫ·һ㣬ͷ鲻ʯϣ£Ҳûһ
ɫâʧҲˡƶţ̫
ҪˣɹˣʮһڣټϿŶݼ׵ڶţħ۵Զġ
ػûˣ֧Ŵֽһöҩ̷ȥʼϢ
ͬʱеҲʼԪ
һʱ֮Ȼ˫ۣһڵ·̺ؼ֮񾪲
ԳˡվһĿһ˿ɱ


710 ҹе
ֲָϢ뿪Ǳ뵽ĺ֮У޴ˮѹǿ籦һסˮѹѡ
޻ھ˾ӡǣҲ׷پֻҪСһЩܿ޻ĸ֪̽鲢ѡ
źһֱԶ˰ľ룬תϣһϢһԼٶˮȥ
һ棬źУĿֱָϺħ
Դӱ־Ϯ֮Ϻħȫ߽ϣϺħΧԲǧ򣬱鲼Ŵһ־Ϯͻٶ־ϮɱϺħѾˡ
һ·ɶݣϢԷΪǵҪȻǲܵġ
ƿЩֻʱ䣬Ϻħڡ
ʱֵҹºڷߣǰɱĺʱ
һϺħϴ٣Ѿȥ˼µʱ䣬ЩٵĽѾ½ֻҩ԰ڴ֮ʩȴ¾ؽģҪ޸ЩʩҪͶ͸Դ
ǰѾؽ˺ܴһֵϺħǷһ˿Ц֪ȵϺħĳֻʣ޻һ˵ʱʲô飿
˹죬ͬҹеһ㣬ϢǱϺħĽȺ
ҹϰϰԳħϺȵζζǡѪϢ
ԭͲ̫֮УڰһİС֮ϣ֮OO@@ĳ
ǱСʱ䣬һ֮УŮԵͳٵĽһͣ˽Ų
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֪쵽֮УĿڷɫ֮Уһ̬ŮӴһ㱡ɴһŤ壬һ˫֣Ůӵǰĸš
ӵΪڣŮֻڶѣԴûʲô츳ŮߣֻͻڣӵгＸʮഺȥɣǶ֮·ûʲôҰġ
ָָ֮һɫԪԪ΢΢һ⼸µʱսֳɳˣ
˵Խս飬պսĳɳռԽ󣬾ΪߵͻƣսҲĳɳÿһͻƶӦһսĳɳʼͻʱټѪǣһ۳ͭս飬ڣٴͻڣս飬ѾͭͭСɹˡ
ÿһս飬ӦųΡСɡɡԲĸ׶Σǵۼǿߣǵս飬Ҳͣͭѡ
ڵսӽͭСɣպҴﵽɣӦսﵽͭԲ֮ҲͿԳɾͰսˣ֪սΣ
гڴʱȴȥЩʱʳָ΢ս鸽ָ֮ϣָ
꣡꣡
սȥ۾һڽŮĺ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬սͻŮ֮У˲˹ȥ
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һħط֮ǰһֱħʹã÷ѧ˹ľǿȣѡ
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һǹ̴裬ս˲佫۳ϵĴ֯ϡãѪԽ䣡
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711 ɨϺħ
ŵĻħȻŭˣٺ٣Сӣ˵λôľﻹɣûоҿʲôţ·㲻ߣ㴳°ɣ
ħ˵ɫȻ˵ȴʼˣ֣ڵĵطһϵסأ֮ǰħʹҴҸûüȥ̽鵽˭ڿ߸֮Ψȱϣѵɱˣ
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˲ϸ룬ɳϻæٽмܣȻһ˲䣬ֻٶȻһǹǲߵĹ١
ǣǹĶȴøмĹ

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һʱ˹һĻϺħ֧Ӿôھ֮վ۵Сۣ֪Ǻá
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һ˿⣬ս鸽֮ϣ糱ˮһȥ
Ϊһʣٶȵͬڹ٣ֻһ˲䣬׷еߣǼӳ֮ϵս飬Ҳɢˡ
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ɶصħһĿΪӳʮ֮Ļ۳ϡ
ɱħ²һе飬ԷʲôУһȥ־ս׷ϱ߾ˣսӡǣɢﷶΧϺħҪһҳҲǺƴĹ̡
ѡĿ֮ЦһŲȽռسɴ磬˲ŷɶݶԶȥͻῴӰϵĶգͻȻ￪⣬ķʽɶݣٶȿͷƤ飡
Կռ⾳ⲻ룬ġ顷ҲʼӽˣֻϧԷ֮⾳ʼղܾ֮࣬ȴһ鶯ֻ죡
ܵǰĻ۳ϣƺͨһķɶźɫɶβһɫĳһ㣬ȻϺħУ֪ϴһϹżѰġ
ģǻˣһʮСôôǿҿϷܵı²Ľˣ


712 ͨɱ
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۳ϸûᱻɱϾħڣһڳϣԼǿģӦòôޣٶȣԼһģҪһĻôҲֵͷ
ֵСӣǲǱˣ͵ĲԸȥ׷ɣĸϼһţҾͰȫˡ
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ʲô۳ɫҰףһȭԼؿ֮ϣƳѪƴɶݡ
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ͷųɱ

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Ѫ䣬һغϺħɳѾȥģ
һĨ˻ߵֽʬ壬һϢ飬תڶɳ׷ȥ
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ڶɳʣµϹٶ׷ɱȫΪ˱ȽԶԵʡ
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Ϊ׷ˣѾͰѶԷ˦ˣǻͷһȴ̺֮˫ѾȾѪİǹ
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޻Ѿô죬Ҫصʲôʱ򣿡ʻһëԳǱۺԳ峤
޻δۺԳ峤һۣ˿˵꣬£֮֡
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ۺԳ峤ţܵõмϣ֮
ʱԳưϺ൱һܴ½ϲڶзһ
޻ͱۺԳ峤̸ʱһɰ޻ǰγɣһţһˮôĹâ
Ϻħ޻ĶУеϢ֮޻һһ̣˫ۼų˻档
Ϻħ򱻺ɨߴɳϣаɶصħټ϶ʮдкڣһʮȫ
֮ǰϺħһ仰Ϻħߣ
Ϊ仰ټѪϴϺħӰϺħѾϺħ
ħߣΪģ˭ҲԼЦһɱϣ˭ħ

޻һΧĺˮȻչӿĺ
ΪһˣϺħϳϣȻֻʣ޻ˣˣȫ
ƷţΪϣΪϺħֻʣߣȻƷŵļҲ˵һˣϺħƷţɱƷţ


714 ɱ֮
ҹϺħϴٵϢͬˮһɢ
չƼ䡢˶˷ܵоЩĵϢ
̫ܸ˾ϲˣԭΪ޻أһʱ䣬ﶼܱ޻Ʒˣû뵽ɱϺħһ˽ϺħƷŴƷš
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ڣոͻڣֿŶݼ׵ڶţڶʱ֮ڣѴʵҪԸ޻̫ѡ
£뵽ؾ
ؾһһԽΣһν룬μӵսʤء
һΣĿȷǾǡ


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Уʼߣʧߡ

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717 ʸ
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һʼ·磬УƾаӶԻĿأһֱֵʮ֣֮λ˥űɱ
ɱʮսĵˣųǹվڵϣǺϸС˺ǹˣʱԪѾһˡ
Ӱ£ޱ˵ߣϲʸɡ


718 𺳵
ͨˡһⳡսҲѣսʱСԵĵ˱ǼˣҲķ˴ʱ䣬û㹻ȸѪЩ޷ͨ
ڣ䡢ΪõҲ̫ѵ֤ͨЩʵٶȳ˹ŷ̶ȡ
ˣиҪ㣬ҽֵļӡӣǵ便Ƕ󣿡
ʵ⣬֪Լ츳Ϲŷûвࡣ
ߣĹǶʮһ꣬ӦѶǶʮһΪѪŨȲ㣬ĿѶҪһЩĶֶǶʮ꣬ǷῡеٮٮߣǵӰʱΪܵѹƣȫʢ״̬µս޷츳ῡȾΡ
Ҷˡ
⣬Ϲŷ˵ǵԴ츳Զܴ½ܱȵģͱŵܴ½Ϊ֮ƴϡ䱦ϸ룬ʵħ뿪ħ۹֮ʱҩ԰вҪ˵ҩģȻΪʱֵԱЩ˵Ǿʵڲֵһˡ
һһѪĶţʹñƷߵҩ߼ܵΪ񺣵Ϲָ㣬Щ˵ۺ츳ߣҲ˿⡣
˱츳һ֣Щ߳ʥأǾǵˡ
˵ȻֻǧǧײƽеһԱȻ˿Լ˱ʥصῡܲΪħ
Ȼδܲħܣǿҵĸоħı֮һδʵߣԽԽĿħԼԽԽӽ۷塣
ߣˡ˵ţܱߵĿռͻȻŤһ΢΢ѣεĸоһ̣͵һƽ̨֮ϡ
ƽ̨ʾ޴ԲΣֱʮԲ̨棬̻ŸعӵķģȻ
ȻȵǣܶûΪϹ󷨻˽⣬ƽ̨ϵƣȴ֮̾УϹŷ彨ô
ˣص㣿Բ̨Բ̨һɹӲçϢɢ˰ľټЩعϵƣ˵ɱĿ֮˿⡣
Ȼŷеɱ󣬱ȵɱǾ֮ˡ
Ȼȴҡͷⲻĵص㣬ͨصĴͼ̳
һ仰첻˿˵ȫˣ
ʲô
ֻһ󣡣
ֱʮ鲼ƵĴ
죡Ĵ󣬸ô͵
ħ۹ƵУʮɸߵϹŴһ˸ԪʯۣķƱ鲼ϣģ
Ѿ֮ǰģĴˣǰĴȣֱС׼ס
󷨣ֱʮ֪ӿ֣ΧмʮȭͷСۣͼ̳ĸ߶ȣаɶߣ
̳ͨɻʯ̶ɣʯδһֲϣɢŨ֮
ִ󡭡
飬ħ۹Ĵܹǧľ룬ôܴʮˣ
ˣ⴫󵽵ͨ֮޷Ըμӣ㷲ʵȥôԶĵط벻׵ġ
ߣ޷֤ʱϹŷĵԴڣΪ׶Σֻɵһ׶εſԼԺڵ㣬ֻܿʼһڶ׶ε֮ſǰߵȼһ׶֮Իʱ䣬޷֤
ôϹŷʱǶ٣æʵ
Ϊʮ죡
˵֮󣬼ĮҲֳһ˿羴ʮһΪֲ֡
ʮ졭֪ˡȻʮɣԼ㲻Ҳûġ
ҡҡͷߣʮϹŷӲŵϣӵѪҲ֮ڵѪһ࣬һԷˣԡ츳޷ó㲢߱ʮͨһ׶ʸ񡣡
Ѫô
һ̤֮·һߵڣڿʼӽĶˡ
ڣҪ̤ῡһ֮·ȥʵĸ߷壡
һжҪ㿪ʼ·ڽ£
оսȼգӴԶ۷
Ҫʮ죬ֻҪ֮ͨԣͰɡ
ãԸ
˵꣬ھ޴̳ϿգʮȭͷСĺɫʯ£˼̳Χİ֮С
ֺɫʯδЩʯܣͿ֪ǾԪʯѪɷܹġ
Ҳ֮УĿֲĴͨʯôܹá
ЩɫʯԼֵǣǹῡܴһĵԴ˿ֲƽʱῡԴǿ֪ˡ
ҲѹϹŷʸ񿨵ÿһ壬ҪĴԴڼ츳ʸҲɡ
䣡
ںɫʯһ˲䣬ͼ̳Ȼһ𣬼̳е
һĿĺӼֱ̳ʣڴ֮УԸܵһɺƴѹǵصѹЩܲסˡ
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ͬʱͷɱ֧֮£ſסѹ
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Ȼһ𣬺ɫԽԽ̳࣬
һ̣תеȻ٣ǿļٶ³ɫ壬ܿͻգ˻ޱȵĿռ֮У
ٴξĳ۾һһζԿռʱ⾳õᣡ
ԵĿռӵĿֲʵҲԿռ⾳Ҳߵ˺ĳ̶ȣ޷ռҲжְ취֤Լİȫ
Ŀռв֪˶ãҲ߰˳Ԫ֮ڸеһ𣬴ӿռͨг˳
ǰ龰
׵ľˣڴ֮ǰ龰ҲɱҲҲƵ֮·û뵽龰
ȻһУһ˵ĳУ


719 ԶŻ˳
ǰһޱȵľ޴ƽԭվĵطһǧɸߵ£±ڹ⻬羵÷߶޷ʵǡ
¶ԶԶȥԿɵĳݺǧ⳾֮УԿɸɽƶˣһ㡣
һƻֺĺɫǣͼЩɽ֮Уӵмʮɸߵĳǽΰɭϣڳǳ֮ϣо޴ĺɫشÿֻ֮ϣ£ֳǹߡ
֮⣬һ޴ۣʮֻĽǣţЩȼŻľÿһֻҪ˵ȸö࣬˫չжʮɳ̣ʵıԲվʮ˶ӵʱҾ޴ۣǣŷ޴ĺɫ֮Уվڰ֮ĵط߿ķ֮졭
һǣ
һȻ֪ܴ½֮⣬ǧǧ磬翸߲ʵԼǾ֮ܣȻһ£һ¡
ȳʵ̫ˣڵħӿӰ
ͷһۣ龹ȻӰˮһζţߣԶŻ˳ǣŵĵطȥˡ
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ü΢΢һ£ʵˣŵֻϹŷеһ֧ɣ˵ԶŻ˳֮УӦƼߣ
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߰ɣҴǡ˵ţֳһʵĹâס޴ĳǳطȥ
Сʱ֮˾޳֮ǰаɸߣڳˣĸ޴Ľɫ塪ԶŻ˳ǣ
ĸ֮ɢһɲçƣֻǿһ۱ЩʶģԼ־гţҲҳʱۿ
ҡ
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ľνϹŷ峤û˵ǳĸģôϹŷ峤ˣˣ֪ǺεȾ硣
߰ɣǽǡ˵ţǰƮȥ
ͨԶŻ˳ǵĴһ;ҲмǵߣǶ£һоͼΪˡ
΢һ;ļῡܵΪԾϣżмߵģӴ󶼲ʮ꣬ͻʱ䲻
ˣݣأߵԶŻ˳ǵĳſڵʱһս׵ʿ
ʱƮǰ˿˵Ϲŷŵػߣܴ½Ϊŵ
ŵ
΢΢һȻԼ˵ӣڹŷл˹ŷ֮ѪĴУǿǰŵˡ
ŵϣسŵʿ¶˼飬óһöɨһۣЩȻŵѾʮûˣ
ǣش֮ǰƾոֳһöӵƣƿŷͼƵı棬д׭֡ŵ塣
ʿùŹֵһۣùһͷȷʵŵһǽȥɡ
̤ԶŻ˳ǣʽ̤еһ˲䣬ֻоһ޵ӴѹԪʱ֮ࡣ
̧ͷһУɫӿţϵγͼƺ̺޾
ĻϵԪ̫Ũ̫ˣſһоȥĲǿԴĻ֮Ԫ
ֻ֮ԪҲŨݣӦ˵ӽ֮ıԴ
ֵطĻ°빦ݡип˵ĴšʥԴḻḻʲô̶ȣƾֻ֪ܸп½Ĳ࣡
ԶŻ˳ǣ㲻Ҳÿʱÿ̽ϴõеӴ⣡ٸ֮ĻǸǲ˵ˡ
ˣһӵǿѪԻϵ׺ͶȾͺܸߣ
߰ɣҴȥ˳ǻָеһ׶ε
򻤷ȥ;ٺŮЩһܴ½ǶľȺܹġ
Щ򣿡ʵ
ȫǡҡҡͷЩ˴ܴ½Ƶ½磬ֻٲ򡣡
ޱȣ࣬ϰʮƳǵĿἱʱ䣬Դ֧ӴȺʱ򣬾ͻһЩȺе֧ͨռ϶½綨ӣܴ½ǰϹŷ壬
һ˵лȻԭˣ
ķȷʵֲһߣһʮʮŮ࣬ŮŮһȺͻԼʽܿеؾ͸ˣʱ򣬽֧½Ҳǲѡ
˵ܴ½ŵϹŷˣǰһֱ⣬ܴ½Ϊʲôиָżͱؾ֮·ħӣħ۹еĸ󷨶
ܴ½Ȼ򣬵ҲӵзǳԻ͵Ĺȥ˵û˵ȥƺǲԸ˵Ҳû׷ʣĸоܴ½ʮǰʷصĿհڣŸаָĻԻйˡ
֣˵ʷǧ꣬ЩӦеǱʷķƵ棬ʮǰʷȫʧǡ
֪ħӵô£лŵڣħ֮ϵĵ֮·ʮͨӦöЩｨģֻǲΪʲôһ֮ȴħӲأǷʮǰĻԻйأ
ǰ˲ɱʮۼǿߵľ޴צǧ峤ǧĻĹžޣǾʮ겻ʻŮʬʣЩܴ½ʥħ½еĶ
ħе̺ܣоԼƺѾɽһˣѾ֪ؾħôˡ
ˣǻߣһȺ㣬ֱɵһ̭սΪֹͣһʮɸߵĺɫԱߣڽ񷶥ϣһֻ޴ķ˵չɣ·һ㡣
Խȥˡ
лл㣬ˡһͨɫĻռŵУŲĻ


720 ŷͼ
ڻ֮УʮڴеȴţǵУ࣬ٲһ壬ϡ塢ȫͬǶӵһͬ㣬ǾйŷһѪ
ģߵһкõͨԣĸģ
ڵߣߺܰ壬ָܴ½ͬòûôΣһ˫۾С̶һ
ܴ½ŵŵϼš
ܴ½Ҳ½ѽҲǣҽһ£ǻȨϵĻȨСӺҲ½磬ʱһиУЦ
ŷ֣ڻȨϣһ£дšȨ֣ΧһȼյĻ档
еˣÿؿڶһö£дŸԵ壬ڴλãߣǵķ̸ϸ΢Ĳͬ
ԳһСȦӣΧ̸߽
ˣһġȨע⵽Ŀ⣬ƲƲ죬Ԫ˵ţЩļһǹﶼһԽУǵȦӣһ㲻ǽǾõݣƽһ
Ȩ֮дԵķζƺΪм
𣿡Ŀ΢΢һ
Ҳûʲô˲ġȨҡҡͷԶŻ˳Ǳ½磬֮УרŵأҷĶŵĻͲģ
Ŷ΢΢һ˵ԶŻ˳ǲϹŷõˣ˵ԶŻ˳ǵϹŷ峤飿
ûΪ峤ͳ½磬ԶŻ˳ɵģ½ῡеٮٮǣδؾͱĲҸһˡ
Ȩ˵ţʼͬ½ǣƱǳԫ½
Ȩս˼ˣǴֻǶĮĵ˵ͷЩΪλ֮ӣм֣Ȩĵ
ҲΪ⣬Щ˵ΪʵЩձͲʮ꣬ΪɣÿһϣܸܵһǿϢߵģûһǷ֮
ʱڴ֮дһԲϵˣȥŷͼأ
ŷͼأ΢΢һ㵣Ȩ
٣ڵȵˣ˵ǲѾһˣΪ˽ŷͼѡʺԼأеķһ͸ˣŷͼڣԶŻ˳ǵĹ屦
Ȩ˵ŷͼھ۷Ź⣬ЩͼеǷľǿģеڻȻγɣǻȻγɵͼʯ̣ΪֱָԴĶ͸ǵĻԳΪԷˣ
ֻҪ͸ܳΪԷˣ΢΢һ㵣о˵Щˣͼʯ̵ʲô
ѯʣȨ¶ɫһݳ羴˵˵γ֮ΪһƬ磬ǧǧδΣǾνĻˣЩͼʯ̣ǻγ֮ıԴڻʯϿµ·ԶŻ˳ǣҲֻͼʯ̣ÿһ鶼̺Դķ򣡡
˻ȨĽͣа˵Ļ֮ǰȨ˵Ͳˡ
γ֮ͼʯ̻½磿ĸۺôӡУͼʯӦóʥĵĵطǡ
ȨͼʯȻޱȣҲרγ֮ǹޱߣ޾ıԴγĿڶͼʯ̣ԶŻ˳ǵʯ̴Сһ߼Щʥصͼʯ̸̺ࡣ
ԭлȻлȨˡ
Ƕ½ߣӦõġ
Ȩ̸䣬Ѿͨ˹ŷͼڵˡ
ԶŻ˳ǵģΪԴޣԶŻ˳еῡ࣬ÿһֲֻж̶ʱѣ֮ǰȨ˵ȴһ죬Ϊ˵ǰһֵ߲ꡣ
ڹŷͼأѾһڵȺˣῡܵ룬ߵǶǵһŷͼأڹŷͼأһʮŷͼʯһʱʱѡҪĹŷͼڣΪ˱ѡֳͻԸ⾳ϵжѡȺ˳⾳ߵģѡȨ
ѡ֮˽رչ죬֮ĲζҪȰһ仰γɵͼʯãǵҪһЩŵܣĪҪøԶڣʼƴǶ⾳⣬ѡȨ


721 
˵Ҫƴ⾳ʱڳῡ۾Ǹ˽ܣǶԷоš
ῡǾۼһǿʤ˭Ҳ˭ϣһչԼĻᣬ⾳ıƴõĻᡣ
ƴԻ֮⾳⣬ţȨ˴ƣƺЩȲˡ
ῡԾԾԵӣҲϻֽгһɫ
Ȿ͸¶һɲɣԶϢúɫĹӺϵš
ǹŷ飡
ǹŷ飡֮ǰһֱֻǿ伮еļأڿƷˣῡ۾Ź⣬ŷ鶼峤֮ǰģһмʮӣԶŻ˳Ӧòǳͼʯ֮һ

߽ɫһѳ鿪ʱһȵϢɢ·ڻ֮вһֻˣҪѻһ㡣
˭
ңң
ῡȲľ֡
ˣһָָ˻ȨȨһ˷֮ɫֲŷĻʮѵõġ
վڹŷ֮ǰеķ֮Ը٣ԼԷ֮׺ͳ̶жڻ֮⾳ϵ裬սϷʼɡ
ǣˣȨ̤ǰһ۾ĿתĶǺɫϢ֮·һ״̬֮У˫֮ͫУӳӵĻ·̺
Ȩڹŷǰվ˶ʮʱ䣬ʱڻȨߣһЩ΢֮Ĺ㣬Щ㿴ۣȴ֪ĵǶΪĻ֮Ԫӽڻ淨ıԴ
ֹʮϢʱ䣬Щ΢Ĺ㻺Ļ˻Ȩڣʧ
ȨȻһѹ֮ͫзӵĻ浹Ӱʧ䤱ڴڵĴ۾˷֮ɫ
̫ˣޱȣܹۿŷ飬һԴĻϵ򣡡
Ȩ֮ɫŷɲֹһֻҪ츳㹻Ժл壬ŷ飬ʱԻ֮⾳ﵽߵĳ̶ȡ
ϢںϷ΢ϵԴ֮պϣΪȡ۳ޱ۵
۳ϵۣȨһŻȵĶʱ˰ء
΢ϵԴ֮պϡ
ۣûȨʮˣΪĻ֮⾳ѾλĵۼǿߣͬĪȻ˸պϵۡ
ϢںϷֻ˵ˡῡܵȦӣһüһöɫƬӵ˵ȻԻȨĳɼô
Ȩһ죬Էȴһֵ¼£ԣ
˵Ҳ½ߣΪƱǳ֮ǰȨܹ
ͻȨȻԲͬλ棬ͬ½ߣȻЩͬ˼
վڹŷ֮ǰ۾Ϣʱ䣬һ⾳ʮϢΧγһ˿΢ޱȵĻ֮֮Уһ𣬴붨ѹ
ߵϢ붨΢ϵԴ֮еƫϣΪҵȡ
һ΢΢üȻԼĳɼǺ⡣
һǸüкɫƬ΢΢һЦһЦĺ˵ƽȥԡ
ұ˼ϳģֽңҾשˡ
˵ǫ飬ź׽Цȴβסֵվڹŷ֮ǰֻϢʱ䣬ͫиֳһƬƬƺͻ·ʮϢ֮ںߣʮСĺɫƾո֣񳯷һڡ
붨״̬е˵
Ϣ붨΢ϵԴ֮Ҳǿ⣬֮ǰŷ˰ɣ߲첻˵۹⼫ΪϬһۿѾǵһοŷˡ
ǣˣǰһΡ̹Ȼ˵ŷһ壬ӵйۿŷĻᲢ֡
ߵǵһιۿŷ飬ǿһȣֻΪ׵ȣ
ߵۣ½ῡܣǻȨɫЩÿˣһˣȫȥ
½ῡǲһ׷ȥԣǶȣֻһΪҵȡ
ĳɼʵЩˣЩῡһĸ֮ڵõĽܴ̼ˣ
ŵ֣Ի֮⾳ҲɣôȥԣȨĶϳָŪһ۵ĳɼ
Щ⾳滹㲻Ǳܴ½˵ЩϹŷǣóĻ֮⾳棬ȫС
ܻɣԼȥĻŪȣҵȵҲûܡ
ѡȨòˡҡҡͷҲ⣬ԼܹԼģԼҲ
Ҳ԰ɣþûŷˣ֪γɼΡھųϵ߲μ⾳֮üкɫƬӻһ½ǣߵŷ֮ǰһΪӡ
һıҾᣡȨöԷӣҲףԷȻܳΪῡܵĺһˣȻй֮
վڹŷǰʱͱרעԵĹŷС

ڴ֮Уƾմһ΢磬üĵƬ𵭵ĺ⣬֮˫Ŀ֮УӰصĻ·
ϢⳡԵĺ΢΢ݣϢںϷ֮ῡܣķҲǼΪ˲ˡ
ڹŷǰվСʱ䣬һſŶСĺɫϸСƾγɣεڹİĴ֮УǺҹзө档
һĻǻȨҲòϣԼüĳź۵ʵ̫ԶˣԷ۵ıԴԼʮʮ֮࣡
ֹ˼Ϣʱ䣬ЩөһϸСŷ׷׷ӵڣӻ𵭵ĺ⣬Ƭ֮һ˿ûлȨһƣӣǱඥ˵ˬ
ȨûƢˣüĳź۵꣬ղżı־һ㣬Ҳ޹ֱ˿ˡ
Ĳֲ࣬
һ½ﶼζüĳź۵ȻѾŷˣȴǵһιۿûпɱԣԴĲࡣ
ϢںϷеȳ̶ȵĻ汾Դ֮൱ķȼΪһҵȡźӣ΢Ц˵
һҵ
ڳ˲ò֮⣬ڳ߻δȡùһϵĳɼ⣬ӦǱβԵóɼˡ
˭δⶨɡ߿ΪļδμӲԵߣоͰ


722 ϵԴ
Ϊ֮ǰüĳź۵۵ı֣һʱԳЩ䳡
ҲһԺˣһһŮߵŷ֮ǰͬȦӣ಻ƯҲΪ㣬ɫƽĶԺ˵һ𣡡
ãʼɡ߽ŷŮӡ
ŮоâһһޱȵĺɫԪһ˫Ŀ֮Ѿӳ˻汾Դ֮·
ϢϢ
߶Ϣںϻϵ½һƢûˣʵ̫ˡ
Ůӿ˼ʮϢʱ䣬һȦСĺɫӿڡ
Ϣ붨ϵԴ֮Ϊһȣ˵һӵһѾ൱ˡ
Ǳһ½һʱûϳˣʱȥԱʵ̫ԣѹ̫ûһ۵ĳɼ˵ҶʸûС
Ǳߵ߶ѾˣЦ½ߣȼûⶨ츳߶ʱеѹ
䳡˼Ϣʱ䣬˹ŷ顣
ŵ֣ʱȥʣѹ̫ˡȨѣҲ֪Ի֮Ƕ٣ǱȲλˡ
νⱻЦʲôģĻ֮⾳ʵ˲ҹά˵ǻ֮⾳Ŀռ⾳óҲ޷ȵģڵĵط⾳ķ˫޺ʵµĻ
ĳʱ˲˵Ŀ⡣
½ǱһСˣʱ򻹸Ҳе㱾أ㲻Ǹҵȡ
׵Ҳпܰ½ȻãżҲһȥģ˵׵ȵĻ͸ƽһ˰һߵ٩ƽǵһߣϢ붨Ϊ׵ȡ
ߣ׵Ҳôõġƽмһ˵ĵ˽½У˺ܲˬ
Щۣţվڹŷ֮ǰ䣬ܴ½ŵϣŵ
ţʼɡޱ˵ŷת
ֱӹŷϵĻ壬һʼʲôϸһֻ̺֮·ɷַ·γ֮ĴԴ̺ĵ̫»ɬһʱ˻֮С
ָоһԺͻȻ˴Ϣͷʹޱȣʶģ
ǿҧ⣬֮ս
һϢϢϢ
Ϣʱ˫Ŀ֮ȻûеӳϵûȨϢںϷǶǸˣɼһʼʱ㲻öˣʱ򣬷Ҫ˳Цɡ
ĵǿһĻЦ̸ţƽеɫĵ˶ѣȻûеһ׵ҲЩ½ܹﵽġ
ɳڶԻϵĸ֮УϢϢ
Ϣ
ȨȻϢǡƼ¼ˣȻļ¼ڴ֮ǰûʱϢʱ䡣
ϢǰɣϢҪʸˣˣ츳ôͨʸԵģ
һ˵ֲԵĺҲ΢΢üͬǷӵʸ
ĪѪսڣ
ϢϢ֮ͫУʼδܵӳ֮·
ڳ߶¶Ź֮ɫһðģҲ̫˰ɣǲǵô
ֱʮϢʱ䣬֮ͫУڳһϸС·Ϊں˻淨֮ȻһĻˡ
汾Դ·δɢѾȥ֮ʧ
⡭
ȨоȥˣʮϢʱ仹ںϷʧܣЦİɣ
ʮһϢʮϢͫٴֳ汾ԴϸС·ȻЩ·δɳٴʧָֻͫһƬڡ
üһʧˣһԻ֮⾳Ǹŵˮƽɣһ߲ͷˡ
ˣСǲǵģ֪ôģԻ֮⾳̶Ȼʮĺӡһ˵
һֱںϻ淨ѵǾͿȥŷ鶼ǳϹŷ峤֣֮֮ǰµΪޣڵŶδлڸ̣ʵǱ
˵üΪ̶ɫһϷǲԵˣǷʸμۣ߲ϵԴ֮ʱɴţΥԶŻ˳ǣ
ߵһεƣѹǸɫһףʱ˵ˡ
ʵǼҵҲȫʱѾ붨УʱҲ첻ڿĸ¸ϵԴ
Ի֮⾳ȷʵֻżҲ൱ڹŷʮ꺢ӵˮƽʮϢʱ䣬һŵ֮ͫеӳһ˿汾Դ·
Ȼһ˿·ոճͣٿһʧ׷ѰڣȻ֣˿·Ȼаյˣ
·֮׭аӵı棬γһȦϸСͼڡ
û뵽ֱᷢʣŷϵĻ汾Դ򣬼Ϣ֮һ㣬֮ͫеӳ汾Դ·Ȼ̼䣬ٴαаա
˷Σаӱ׭̵Ļ·ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
ϸ۲죬Щ·ŷϵ֮вͬ·
оɲȥĸе·һزɲ⣬Դ֮´ǰ򿪣һɲçۻĴϢʵķƺֿɼ
ʮϢʮϢ
һֱ붨оԼǽŷе¶аˣ
һֱʱ䣬ûڲߣһЩ½߶ЩͷˣԶŻ˳Ϊ˲ԴĻ淨򣬲˲żĻ֮⾳ġ
ȻΪкڣû˸ҿȨһֱ춼Щˣ⵽ڸ
ʱ仹ûںϷ֮ҪĽ࣬ôԶŻ˳ǵģ
Ȩ˼ţʱȻһͫк׵ĵӳޱȵĻ·Щ··һ㲻ϵݱţ̺İء
ʶٵǻûʲôֵģֲԵĺȴ۾һס˺ǡ
ţʱΧıԴţһſȭͷСĺɫۿɼٶȳɳԭİĴյͨ
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723 â
Ȼţڳ߶Ǿͨϵĸ֣ϲϵԴ֮
һźɫĹ̺Ļ汾Դ֮զ࣬һڲϵࡣ
üĳź۵һߵЩţ֮ǰ۵ıԴө֮£޷ȡ
˵ʲôô˿ֲıԴ׺Ͷȣ
ۿŷΪ֣һ߱ԺͶԷĲ̶ȣԽߣڻϵϵĳɾԽߣôںϷٶȾԽ졣
ڶ߱Ի汾Դ׺ͶȣԽ׽ϱԴôڲŷ֮յıԴԽࡣ
ڵǣ˰ʱųںϷ֤ڻ֮⾳ϵֻǸŵˮƽȻʼδǣںϷ֮յıԴȻüĳź۵ӵİٱ
Ȳ࣬Ŀɿڴ޷Ϲŷʷϻδֹ
ʱڵаӱĻͼƿ̣ͼڹ⻪һһ̣ΧȭͷСıԴ񳯷һӿ
һʱ䣬ȼ⣬εڳۣһֱָԴɢɢçۻƣ·һֻһ㣡
һĻ߳һɣ֪ʲô
е߶֪˵ʲôˡ
ƽۿЩ֮ĺɫűȫգǴ֮С붨ʮĺӣջ汾ԴȴҪ˦ʮ֡
߱ԷĲ̶ȿʱֲԻ汾Դ׺Ͷȴģʮֲף׺Ͷȸߵߣ׵ؼĻ֮ԪָԼʽҪ׺Ͷȵ͵ǿһ
һʱ䣬ƽӿһǿҵĶУҧüĳź۵˵֣ǵս嶪ˣû취ڵڶ׶ε뷵ģҪСѹţԭɼ㲻Ҫȥˡ
ܶʱصԳɼǾԳɼܲõһֻеõһ˲ŻᱻǹעõڶˣĳɼһεһڣҲȻʧɫԲŻ˵ĳĳͬһʱһֱ
Ϊֵĺӵ׺Ͷ޷ȣ˵Ի֮⾳ҲԶǣֻ˵ƣ˭˭ӮδҲˣӦòô
ƽһ˵۾һˣոձһԼƣ׺ͶǿԻ֮⾳ܲԲ޷ߵȼʽôҲǰϹ
뵽ƽԭʰ
˵öԣԿ϶ôԻ֮⾳ⲻڲ̶ֳȣҪʮŷͼʯԺҪƣһǸͷԼ֫Ļ϶򲻳ʲôǰϹôıԴ֮׺Ͷˣ
ƽЩ߷߲ƽ˵ȴǣһ׺ͶȸԼͺˡ
츳ѾˣǾҪѡŷͼʯˣƽҶ˽⣬ѡʮ峤µŽͼڱȽϺáԪѵΪЩλῡܣԶŻ˳еͼʯ̺˽⡣
ã֣ġƽһϲֻһʱʱѡŷͼڣ޵ʱ֮ѡԼͼʯ̿ɲһ׵飬ָĻٺò
ŵô߿ϹŵЦ⡣
ǣˡıȭش
ıԴ׺ͶȷǳãֻϧԻ淨̫һ״Ҳ޷һ׼ȷȼʱһ׵Ȱɡ
߻˵˻һüĳź۵΢΢üһ׵ζбȵѡȨԶŻ˳еʮŷͼʯмԺģѡͬһĻ͵øóˡ
лˡܸоߵ⣬ԼżķȣԼһ׵ȵҲǸѡȨ
ŵҹŷһټϷҸһ䣬ԺͶԷȺܶʱҪȱԴ׺ͶȸҪĪҪ֧֮УӵѪԺ׺Ͷ˫˫ῡҲУԲãҹĪҪ˷ıԴ׺ͶȣԵܲ׾Ϊ֮
һϯ첻˵е߶ЩˣǶ˰֮ģ򲻻˵ôпϵĽ飬ܹõԶŻ˳һǰʶô֪ˡ
ǣˣܽˡһʾл
ĵͷ˵Ѿ˵ˣڷȷ׷ҿﵽ񺣾֮ھټȥеڶ׶εǰǣڵһ׶ȡõһ
߻䣬ȫԾ
ֻҪڵһ׶ȡõһôڶ׶εͿȥ
ذǺܶῡܶòʸĵط½ķ߸붼Ҫ룬õһʸʵ̫ˣ
ڣȴõһݻᣬܲۺ죿
в鲻ԽĿüк۵ӣҪȡһȾҪһء
׺Ͷȸߣӵһ׺ͶȶԵ棬â
Ŀһۣû뵽ԭΪµԶŻ˳Ȼݱ䵽ߵһ仰ȻǹˣȫԸͷѪھ޶ȵھԼǱͻޡ
һսҪⲻϵӵ⣬ҲΪͳ塣
治ɫԪԻƽ˵ұҪõһϵҫ˵ĻҲڼкܱܰҪһѡ
üĳź۵ͬһ壬ΪĴҫʹͳǹһԽУΪῡܵеһ
ɵʯڽˣҫͶˣοԭΪʧȥʸвƽ־Ҫģü忴ȡһ˵ĻǸɴ಻Ҫˡ
ǣ֣Һöġƽ̱ģһ츳ʵ㲻óڣ⽫ǱɳȥԴĽ֣ܸãպǰ;а
ˣԵ˽λʼѡʺԼĹŷͼʯʱΪһʱһʱ֮󣬱뽫ѡ񽻸ҡ˵תȥ


724 ͼʯ
ŷͼʯѡкܶ༼ɣ֮ǰ˽ʮŷͼʯĴҪһʱ֮ѰҳʺԼͼʯףܶ˵ѡȨŵúܿ
ʮŷͼʯ˵ҪôǹŷǿµҪôγ֮Ļʯֵ̣ǣҪȽϣҲ֮֡
ͬǹŷǿߣе峤еֻǳϣȻи֮𣬶Ҫһ㣬ͬһǿߣµĹŷͼʯҲͨƷ۷֮Ƕһˮ׼
ߴһӵʱ䣬ǰһε߶ʮɣԹʮжӵ
һ࣬һɫĽţÿһŶжʮɸߣʮɿϵָвڣ̫кɫ۾
߿˵ڵĵطлĻȣ˼壬ĻһĲ㣬ڣͼʯ̺ķ³̶ν͡
Ϊȣңͼʯ̣γ֮һƬ֮Ȼγɵͼڣ汾Դڻʯµ·ΪֱָԴĶ͸ǵĻԳΪԷˣȻϷֱԣǵľ磬ȥû̫ãԸߣҲջΪǵľԶԶ˵ǣǵڶ׶εĲߣҲ͸
֮⣬֮ȣ֮Ҳңÿһҷһŷͼʯͼʯҹŷһ峤µģƽ۷Ʒ֮һԶŻ˳ǽڻʯ̵
֮֮ǵ֮ȣһʮңͬ峤ֻ֣֮ǽ۷֮Ʒ
ĻΪ֮ȣһʮңеͼʯ̳ҹŷһ֣֮ǸԵ۷֮Ȼ峤ƷҲ١
۳һڳ߶¶˻ûʧϧ֯һĸӱ飬ܶ˷׷׿ͻĿĽ
˺ʻѡ֮е֮ȴûϣˣʵǿĻڵ֮ȣ˾ֻȥ֮ˡ
֮ǳϵƷŷһ峤ֻһΪ峤峤Ҳʮ˰ˣǾûˣһŷͿмʮϣϰٸϣǵ۷֮Ҳȫ޷峤һƷȼ硣
۳Ͽڳῡܵߣһ;мǺøԶҹŷһĸҲ߳ƵĴڣµͼʯֵ峤ģҲ㹻ǲˣ͸ĻǶԷȱܴﵽϵˮƽ֪ô
۳ʣȻڳȴΪȻÿһֲֻж̶ʱѣʱأ
ŷͼʯһĽ󣬶ͨԽߣʱ䣬ȥһĵĽܵõĽӣȻһƶĽҪࡣ
ŵѡ۳һָһʱʱ䣬Ҫպá
ǣˡֱӴ֮Ⱥ͵֮ȣ֮ȡ
һĻڳĽɫɫƽʵʮֽš
֮еͼʯ̣Ҳ֣֮һΪͼʯԹŷһھ峤֣֮ŷ죬ǹŷʷʮǿ֮һԴΪºţͿɼǿˡҸΪѵõǣͼʯ̺ķҲΪʺϻͿͼʯˣѡߣʧͻǳ
˹ע֮֮ȣ֮ȵ֮խ˺ֻܶ࣬жʮɣһȽţһƿŷͼ֡񣬵ڶƿŷͩͼ֡ʥ𣬵ƿŷ˷ͼϵķ˫չղ죬֡졣
ϵḶ̌ľˣЩ̣ԳԾǿ֣֮в̺ǿķϢ
ӳͼʯʼŽУڽ֮һԲʮɵĿռ䣬ʲôûУһɸߵļ̳̳һһ߼ʯ̣ʯֹ̳ӵĻɫĵ̼ΪӣէһһͷˮȻĸ֪ȴ֣ƺͼʯ֮һԼӵеһͼʯϵ·ϣޱȡ
ǰһһӵǿߣ淨Լںϣһͼʯ͸ҵİΪҲҲֹһ
ʱ䣬뿪˳ңֻһʱʱ䣬һд̫á
ڶңʥͼʯͬһ㣬ΪһеĳͼʯʺԼǽһʱ䣬뿪ǰҡͼʯ
ͬʮɿխңͬļ̳̳ϵͼʯǺɫģƿ̿ٶС罻֯һէһͨһͻᷢЩСƺƶţÿһ磬̺һݲͬ⾳ٶһ𣬻ɷ֮ףմǧ磡
ǿơü΢оͼʯ̺Ҫ֮ǰ顣
ҲͼʯǼֵߵġԥѡͼʯǷͼʯʱľ֮Уħ𣺡ͼʯеĻϵҲʥ֪֣˵һħҪǿ̫ˣˣʥû
΢΢˵ûѡͼʯҲҪͼʯʵΣҲҪͼʯеǷʺԼ
һֱӵʱ䣬ԥţʱ֮еаͻȻ¶һ£һ̣а֮ǰ̵·ƺһ˿ɳı仯
ţһȻаӶͼʯ϶ȸߣ
аϹаµĹǸа֮ҲΪдԵŴϹаżżȻõûüˣа֮Ҳ˶˹±ֻһ֪
а񾿾ʲôö֪Կ϶аԱǷǿ󣬺ܿվ۷ġ񡱡
ˣµĹѾ޽ӽԴ򣬷ͼʯܱаӿ϶Ǿ֤ͼʯҪͼʯӽԴ
Լжϣаӣοͼʯл淨ĽҲһḶ́һͣҪʮ꣬ʮʱСɡ
ѡˣ
˾һʱ䣬аʱʣʱ䡣
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úѡ֮ٺڡ
аʱ֮ȻҪȥȥȣһγ֮ԴµĻʯ̵ʲôر֮ɡ
ţȥ


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֮ңҵŲǺɫƳɣǹӵʯ
Щʯûκε̣ȻȴɢһɹۻϢľ
Ӧγ֮ʯ֪˶ˡ
ţһʯţǰһʮɼңһ㵭ĺɫϸ֮£ħеĺм֮Ũޱȵۼɣֻеĺûκԣƫڡޡ
ڵ֮Уһ̳һҺɫһ߼ʯǶڼ̳룬ʯϵ·ûԭ¶ӣЩֲڣһ·ǳЩطˡ
˺һûκر֮ȻЩԴµ·ѾⷶΧˡ
ഫγ֮УΪһŻԪʯϵ·ӳ汾Դݻɱֱֻ̣Ϊ֮ɼΪ硣
֮ݱ䵽Żγɽľˮ׵˵֮ıԴ
䣬ףҲãԪħԪҲգĲͬʽ
ַ⾳ǲù򣬸Ϊ߲εսɣ־ͬһ֣͸֮ݱ仯ɣ͸ԴΪԷ⾳ˡ
һģ˵ʥڸĻһƷֻ꣬Ǳʥ꣬Ǳʥɱ֮ǰҲǰ״
ħѵóԼУʵΪһֻħ裬ȷʵô
Ȼ·ûħĻ붨һ㿴Żʯݱµ·þò
ôˣħһ䣬̱ˣ֪ǲʲô
Ȼľ磬򵽱ԴĿԽ㣬żõҲʼ
һʱ䣬ֱĿڤһ˵Щ·ҺϤ
ţܰɡ
ȷʵֻ벻ˡ뵽ħӣħУٷҵľȻϸ룬ȴȫͷ

ôѡѡʯ̣ѡͼڣħʵ
ѡͼڰɡǷ˻ʯ̣ʯ̺ķ̫ԼԺжʶĸоҲްղ򣬼Ȼ˲ѡͼڣаӵ֧֣ԼͼڵЧӦò̫
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ǳ֮ɼõˣԷΪһҵȣŮһȡ
ѡ˷ͼʯ֮ȵͼʯõһ顣ڻ˳ͼʯֵڷͼʯҪǳͼʯаҲӵһͼʯʺֻҪѡͼʯǻ϶ҲѡΪ츳ߣȴû
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šߵͷѡ񻹲һ¾ͽͼʯмֵһѡ˳ͼʯصǼ鶥ͼʯҲѷɫ١
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΢˼һ£ȥѡСʱʱ䣬˵ѡʥͼʯ
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Ϲŷʮǿ֮һķ峤µͼʯֻ̣ʱ䣬Ҫ͸ܣ̰ãҾѡһС磬͸С򵥵ı仯Ϳˡ
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ҵ״̬£ǶС·𻯳һȼŻĳǹڻ֮䣬ɭɭǹչһһơ
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͸оʱţаϵͼƵһµĽ׶ʱĽȻ򿪡
һ֮𣬡ʱѵ˳ء

붨״̬ѣԭһδɵĲҲ֮жˡ
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Ȼһ㶣оֻǹСʱѡ
ϧмʱͺˡţаӣӱͼһȦй⻪ת֮ǰͼȻࡣ
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һ֮ͬͨ⾳Ķֱһ£ʱǸٴ
ˣڻĴϣ
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֮ǰĺȺˣ˵ʮʱȥյջ֮Ｏϣһǽпԣ̭


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ŵˣĻװߵݸһֽ䡣
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۾һǹľ飬ҪϻӾͿԸܵϻӦһǹ
ⴿһֱ
Ȳķϻӣһͨĳǹӳһ߳ǹУɭɭǹ˲֪ʲô죬ޱȶһеԡ
ǹͨƿ··̺Żϵ֮
ǡƷ
ֻƷ
۾⣬֮ǰһֱõһ˴ͨĳλнװǹǹֶ֪ǹ˼Ӳ֮⣬ûκκôǹ׻֮õúܲ˳֡
ǰĺɫǹȻԻϵкǿãƷһ㡣
ʲôı
ʵټʶƷϵıԲô˽⡣
ߵشˣƷͳ̶ȣƷȼ磬ԶŻ˳ǷŵʽǹĻ
ŷһ壬ΪвҪȸս˱Ϊձ飬˵ĴвͬʸԵʱĶҲǹĶࡣ
һǹȻֻʽ
ˣǲμһˣױôֵĻɫˡ
Ҳ֮Уܴ½޻߶Ūױˣ߸ǲ˵ǿõĶʥ
˺ɫǹУⶶһ£ǹ̺˿ֲ
ǺǹԴ½߾ƶ߳ĺӣ޷ȡ
˳ǹ֮⣬һɫҲǶɫ˿Ȼȴɻ˿֯ɣˮ֣ҼΪͣѰơԶŻ˳ǣǶʵá
ˣɣǰķˡһ
̧һǰȻһСǧ硣
ԶŻ˳ǣÿһῡܵסһСǧ磬ĺôǣֻҪմţôͻΪһԶĿռ䣬չصʱܵš
ԼСǧ磬ӳһܣǸ򣬴ССģһö֪һɨȻǸֹڻϵĹ伮ЩǻһǿҲеǴӸѼƷҪһοá
һ򣬱⾳Ĳ֮С
ڵа֮ϣͼڷа֮ϱСӵʱȴĿÿһ˿ЩҰбŴ˳ǧ򱶣ÿһ˿չС
аϵƿͼڣ֮ǰͼʯҪӦֵĶࡣ
ѾĸоаӶԻ֮⾳׺ԶԶ֮⾳
˵ڸ⾳֮Уʱ⾳⾳⾳£ǿһЩȻʵϣ⾳ıԴ֮ͨ⾳ܲ򵽼£һܷ츲أɾһߡ
֣һ˻泤ìУѸʵһ̣˻泤ìȫʵ壬ǹǹⶼ˽Ĺ󣬿Ǻɫɡ
̻ͼ֮ڵаѾˡսƣͨһս֤ԼʵĻ֮⾳׽˶١
ʱСǧͻȻһʮѵ˵ϴϣ˿ʼ
ڿʼˡоһĿ˺ϸ񣬾˵һο˾Ҫ̭ĳɵߣĿ˻ԽԽѣֻͨռ
ϴ֮ǰǵĺѾڵȺˡ

ȵ˼֮󣬺ߴһ֮Уһ޴ˮӣʮɸߣʮɿռǽ
ǻ񾵣ǿõĻߵǰ񾵣ͿԿʼˣо־仯ǵʵܵһֱ仯мһʱ伴ΪϸΪ㣬ϸߣֻͨ뿪ء
ޱ˵ڳῡ֮ЩţɼĲ˵±̭ɼõģҲϣȡøõĳɼˣźܳصѹǵĿ겻ͨҪǹȥ
֮ȵ߿ʼҽеֵߣвԣ깫·໢
һĸ˵֣ĸվڻ֮ǰЩ㷲
ԣִ񾵣һ̣Ƿ׷һ״̬Уȫϵ


727 ȹŮ
о־仯Щ仯ʲôڳȴ֪ġ
½ǶǲĿվڻǰĸߣŵ˵һο˵ĳɼϵǵһ
ɹܼȥӴ硣
ʧ̭պĳɾҲֹֻ񺣣ڵ¼λ
ѾߵԶŻ˳ǣʶ˹磬ķ֮ЩῡûĸԸȥģͬеľӵ˾֮ͲԸһԸھǴƴҲԸµũ
ʱһһţһ֮󣬻ǰվŵĸеһɫ԰׵˳
Įһ֣Ƕˡʧܣ
ʧˣ
һʧ䣬ڸԵжǶĵۼţŷ忼֮أνġۼšһЦˣı׵ģζܣ
ֹһʱ䣬Ҳƺһض뻯񾵵ϵʱһӻһʱ䡣
ˣͬʧܣߵᡣ
˶ʧˣ
⿼Ҳ̫˰ɣڳߣ֮ȵš
ʱ򣬺һ˵Ҫزѣû취ֻ֤ǵ⾳ΪԹˣ
⾳仯ڵһֱ仯гŹһʱǺϸʱΪ㣬ÿһο˵ĺϸܴﵽϣֻвһɣ֮⣬ܼʱ䣬һ⾳ģʮ궼δһ
һ⾳֮ǰвԵĸ˶￩һ£˵һ⾳Ŀֲʮһȥǻǲ˰
Ȩ졭ĸ˵֡
ףˡԻȨӡ󻹲һ䡣
ţȨȭͷĲɱĽš
һο̭ĳ߼֮ȣΪ֮ȵһԱʵֲô̭ĿԺܴ

ʱԶŻ˳ǵ룬һŲ¥֮ϣһɫȹɴüĵһɰŮվ¥ԶŻ˳ǡ
ĳһʱ̣ȹŮӻתǰű򿪣һĸߴߴ˽ļ֮ϣһֻ񣬿һֻɫһ㣬ȻǸߴߵԼˡ
ϣôпȹŮ΢΢һЦʩʩȻ˵
ɴǵСһڽеһοˣȤȥôߴߴЦţ˵ʮ㡣
ŮΪ֮ݸҡͷǲˣЩСһǳɲʺܵͣûʲôùעģģ³ϻս̵ġ
ԶŻ˳ÿͻӴǧĸѡȡһῡܣƽĶۣ½Ĺŷһ壬꣬ʮķϢѪѾĴˣŵĸҪС١
һῡѡǴﵽ񺣵Ȼ׾٣һȴף˵壬ճΪĿԾ̫ˡ
ٺ٣ɴԤϴˣиģһŵСһ׺Ͷȱ㵱ߣ
ŶģŮüһ½ģ
Ĵͳл׺Ͷôߵţˣ½ԶŻ˳ǡ
Ȼģȷ½½׺Ͷȷʵټϧǣķƺôãۿŷ飬ںϷ򡣡ߴ˵ϧҡҡͷԴ߲ܶʱ׺ͶȸҪ
㣿ŮȻҲ̫ˣŵĺӶֹɼˡ
ϧˡŮҲһϧ֮ɫ˵׺ͶȺͷȻǹϵ׺ͶȿʡʣߵǿȺԡ׺ͶȸߣԵҲûã֮·˺ڣԽԽꡢս顢ԡ
ǰô˵ȥСһɣʵ̫ûʲôֵҲˣֵĻ񺣣ټһѡ񡣡
ţ߰ɡŮ˵һ˺ǰĿռֱѿˣ˾ôһ˽ȥ

ڿ˴֮ǰȨƺһɫ԰ס
˲Լˣתͷһӽɳ©ɳ©ɳոɾһʱ䵽
Ȩϸ񣡡
ޱȨдϲȭͷ̲סЦպúϸǺ
ǿδءڻȨϲصʱһ̫г˵ϼĻƽⶨΪ׵ȡԶŻ˳ǵĿ˿ɲֹһΣܹأ´α̭ǲء
ƽˮȨɫһԭеϲöʱɢһ롣
ƽ˵ʵԻȨ½˵ܶһǺõģõһЩµĸشջ񣬶պ֮·мӰ졣
ߣбµĻҲԶŻ˳ˣ̭ġȨܶ˵ƽһһʱѿ֮
̻Ȩ֮֮ȵ߷׷˲ԣ̭ǰٷ֮ʮ
֮ȣ֮ȵῡܾʵǿˣһδܺϸ֮⣬Ĵɹء
رῡܣɼ͸ˡ
ƽɫ԰׵Ĵӻʱ򣬺ɼʱϣ㣡
ǵһĳɼƽӻǰտյɳ©ֿ˿Ȩǵɫ츳ãҲֻԶŻ˳һЩڸˡ
Ȩˣһ仰Ҳ˵
ڻƽ֮߻㣬֮ȵĻ𣬸Ǽֵ̰ʱ䣬˵ļ¼
ʱûɲԵֻʣˣǾͻˡ
˵ĿⶼۼǶϡ
Цŵ֣һɣΣ
á
ƽĵͷкεȿ飬۶ԷȣûʤİգаȻǿ󣬵Ͼ淨ʱ̫ˡ
ߵǰִ񾵣漴һ״̬֮С
˵Ŀⶼۼͻϣû֪ڴ֮У˫۾Ҳעͻ֮ǰھŲ¥еĺȹŮӺ͸ߴߣ˶ԶŻ˳ǵĸ߲
ŵˣȹŮ
šߵͷ
ܵĹŷѪƺǺֲģŵûǴĻӦѾ˲ǣŵô£
ŷһȻ֧ڶ࣬ǺȹȴѾȫԺУŵʮǰˡ
Ѿѯʹŵϵػߣŵ֮󣬹ŷżܴ½ķżȻõ˵ȸΪͼڣŵԭ˵һӣΪ츳ڣμսȡ˼õĳɼűһιŷ֮Ѫ


728 һ⾳Ȼ
ԭŵҲϹŷΧԱˡ
ŮĵϹŷӴޱȣǧǧķ֧ڡ
˵Է˺ͷ˵ĽʥΪͼڵţǿϹŷں
ЩǷ˽ƷźʥأЩеĶţʸѡķ壬ѪֲΪϹŷΧԱ
Ϲŷ巢չڣССĿа֮࣬ڼ壬ϹŷĳԱѾԼˣǺǾħˡ塢ȵȸ塣
ʱѪ֮ľûʲôˣǷϹŷԱֻһ㣬ǾǷйŷѪ
ĳӰΪϹŷһԱȻΪ½ߣĻͬʵ£ܹеԴȻȲ塣

뻯֮о·𴩹һˮ棬һȸϮһ̣һĺɫռ֮С
һƬĴȼŻ磬ǻĺ󣬻߸ߴڳɸߣֱʡղƣ·Ƭ죬濾ˡ
ȣ
̫ˣ
̵ĸоһоĶǻ棬һ˲䣬ͻᱻսˡ
ʱеĺӿ˶켣Ӱ֮ͫУǡŷϵĻת·һһԭǻ񾵣
񾵵ıŷ顢ŷͼһģֻŷ顢ͼʯЩ˻תɣ߲򣬶ǽЩЩתͨУֱԻı仯
˵֮ǰǲͼʯôھǽͼʯ֮Уķ籩ϴ
ܵס֤߲ĲΪϸ

һϮϺųˮֵĻ˿Ȼбƣɼ¶жߡ
ŷ⾳һо֣Ӧ񾵵ľŸ𣬶ĵһ⾳仯Ǿǡȣ
ǻĻ͸һ⾳̤֮⾳Ĵš
¶ԽԽߣò߶ԪػȫͬʱΧȫγɵѹһȻҲѹƻȣȻһѹƣȴֻоΧĻȸһأ

ԪѸţΧ¶ȴôȥò˶ãͼֲסˡ
ҴˣԻ⾳Ŀˣҷ֮Ŀˣһĵֿ֮ȻУұҶԷͼʯ⣬ӦڵĻ֮
ţһϵĳȥ˻Ԫһʱ䣬Χ糱ˮһӿ

ϻ˿ȼԼƤ˿
̼䣬ȫ㣬ǡǣһϵֽ䱻濾ѿˡ
Ȼֻǻþ磬ı廹վڻ֮
嫵Ļ֮ȫѨӿ룬ھ֮Ű֫ٺȥԻ⾳򲻹ڵľֱӾͻᱻճɻҡ
ֲ֮У˼ϵദаӣһ̣а֮ϣö΢СĻͼȻһХ֮ڴĻ֮аɣаӱƿ̵·תš
Щ·ܹûСнṹΪӣһ޵׶һ㣬Ż֤֮˺
״̬£оԼе·һѸ

ڻ֮⣬ӵʱȻȥ
߶עŻǰͻĻߣû˻ͻʵֲӷ֡
ѵĻں棬һ⾳磬¶ȻԽԽߣյڵĻȴ޵ģֲסᱻ濾
֮ǰĻҲ̰ʱ䣬ܼӵģʮ궼δһ
ʮ˵ԶŻ˳ڰѡţлһʮĺͿֲˡ
ֵ֪ܼ󣬻ǻΧۿš
Ȼǻǻ׺Ͷȸߣһظȡһ˵
ǿδأ׺Ͷȸߣܳܵļ¶Ⱥͻ֮ߣֵһһ½߷Ϊ½ߣȻվһսߡ
ǻĵһν棬ϵǰ;һս֮УȹŮӺһ߶Ը⿴־ῡܱȻҪ̤ʧߵʬ壬̤۷֮·
ʱڻ񾵵һһƮںɫĻ籩֮УȵĻ֮ӿ֮һһεжֻһŻ塣
жİ취ֻҪһĻɡ

һ˱жɫʼձƽ޳֮С
ⳡԣģΪʱԹ񾵣ж֮ҲǻһȽϸ߼Ĵ֮һһѧϰģ𶼲ᣬο
Ȼ˵ַӳԼܳܵʱȡɵɣ䶼ԳɰӢۣԵֶΣ˵ˣʹж֮ҲӲ淴ӳԻ淨͸
Ӯˣһʼƣֻ֮Ҫ׷̫࣬һ´˴ĵһ
ͬʱڻ񾵵һ棬ڵĻѾǵһֲĳ̶ȣΪ֮۹ټаӵľۼãڵ¶Ҫߡ
һֱĿڤ񣬶ĸ֪ʱʱ̹̿עͷӿĺƣעת
磬ĻתΪܻ֮ϴʱҲˣ⻯񾵵һ⾳ȥƣ
ֻҪۼ㹻ѪΪںϻ֮⾳򣬽еɢյ֮ȥһ⾳ȹ񾵵ĵһء
ֻǣһ˵δۼ㹻ĻѾܲסˣϵĹŷѪŨõ⾳Ҳ޷յ硣
Ƕ˵ȴ⣬ӵаӣܳܵĻ֮һ߶̫ˡ
ȫ֮аһ̫һ⣬аӵı棬ǻƿ̵ɫ޳Ŀ
Ѿӯų壡
ųųߣųɰˣųɾţһ·
ҧаз籩Ƽ·Ҫըһ㡣
ڻ֮⣬΢Ĳţһһ¡𣬴ŴŵĺĶͷ
ǡֲסˣע⵽ߵĻɶˣȻȣͷҲ
һɳ©ɳ©һɳ
̰ʱ䣬ƺѾӽˣôȥŲӵġţڴ֮Уִ˴ĺȴĿ΢֪ڳ˼ʲô


729 Ƶһ
ʱһһţӹ˴룬ʱվڻǰսȭȭϵѪܱ𣬷·Ҫըѿһ㡣
ϵ·Ѿˮ͸ۿҪ֧Ųסˣߣֻһϸ΢ĺ飬Ȼֺܼһӡ
ŵˡһ֮ȵ˵
⣬Ӧܼӵʱ䣬ҲǴﵽԶŻ˳ʮһˮ׼ŵټʮϢȻ˵㣬ӹܳɼҲǳˣŵ½ߡ
ţȻ˵һֱǻռϷ磬в̵ʱ䣬¹˭ֿδء
״̬ԽԽٽޣϼĻƽٺһЦ˵ŵֲסͲҪǿˡ֮ǰߣֲסʱҲɫ԰ף˭Ҳû𣬲о˼𣿡
ߣڼ¼ֵľã֤ŵ־ᶨֲֻȨķƽмһЦһøϻ˼
ֹʮϢʱ䣬ȫ죬뻯񾵽ӴĵطһɵĻ
ڳע⵽СС۵֮Ȼ֮ȵ߶ô¡
Сӡ֮еĸߴڴ͸ȤɫڣҪҵΪ񾵵һĻϵսȼǸ
Ů΢΢һЦĻ׺ͶȺܸߣ׵еĻ֮һĳɹգǻ̫ǿ
ȥɣ۽ΣǺܶϷθڣСһֻȡʱ䡣ߴ˵Ƴ˻һۣƺЩмӡ
ǺǣһҲǳˣҲΥ棬ھͿŵܷɹˡ
ʱڻ֮УڵѾۼޣаȫͣӱƿ̵ͼڷĿĽ⣡
ˣĵ֮УҲŴĻϵЩеĺڶգγһУڶˣһ
￪ʼȼˣ
֮󣬵ΪԴһԴȪҲ㡣
еĻ漴ǵǻϵߣֻ棬ߵԴǿ
ѪΪ𣬽аеĻ֮أ
䣡
һ죬аи߶ѹĻȫһ̣аӱĻͼڷ·˵۾һ㣬ǳĿĽ⴩͸޾գ
ȫȼ滯һֻ޴ķˣХŷɳȥǻ֮ң춯أ
ƬеĻ𺣷Ļֻǣǵصϯɺɫľ޴籩ϯ죡
ΪһߣʵǿҲܷյһ磬ֻڻΪ֮ؼԭ̺Ļٵ硣
ǶԻϵãҲΨһƿ񾵵һؾķ
ǣ
ճƣ
һ̣ȫԡڻ֮У˫Ŀȼ֮ףҵʹӵдֻԼȫ궼սˣʹֱﾫ֮·Ҫľ֮׳һ㣡
ֻþ֮ھ֮УһɫĻϯһ˲䣬ǹսХصնںɫ֮ϣֱӽõȥ
ѪΪػ֮磬⻯еʹ࣬ã˲ҡ
һɲǣü֮䣬ŷ֮ѪµĻӡǷһĹâһֻɫķ˺Хֻ˱֮ǰ֮𻯳ɵķҪСܶ࣬ȴӳĿ
ıѪںаеķ֮ں϶ɣ
ɫ֮𻯳ɵĺɫ˺϶Ϊһ綼˽ɫ
䣡
սһ̮ƬƬĿռ٣Ŀռ籩ϯҵĿռ֮˻֮У硱ƣң
һ̣۾ˣռ籩֮УǿһûƸʢ
ʶһ֮зˣ̫ζʲôˣǲͬںϣ
׻ͬԴں׻⾳ȻĻռ⾳⾳̫ҪǶںϣϼѣ
ȴռ籩ںϣҲ⾳ںϣ
ԭĿתеȻãȻе·ڻʯ̣ƿ˵¼Դת
Ҳ˵񾵻þеһ汾Դܹ٣ͿԼıˣ
䣡
һĿռ֮߳࣬գȫעĿһб仯˫ĿѪѪ˲㱻濾Դ˻Ȼδ
ԭǻ⾳ǿռ֮ͻ֮ں֮һˣ
һͺһ磬ƣ
һȺĽɫ˷һХӿռ価ͷʼˣ
𺣱飬ռ仯ƬתһУ
һʱ䣬ڻ֮⣬üĴĻӡǷ⣬˫ĿͬѪ
ˣŵ߻ħˣ
һ֮ȵ߳ԾĺûΣյĻ󣬲ǻɱһ˵뻯߾ڻҲ˺ֻǾܵһЩź΢˰ˡ
¶⣬߾Ͷ룬澳мֵޣһֿܱ˼֮߻ħ
һЩ½һҪǿаӻȴһȳͣˣ𶯣
䣬һȻ񾵵ˡ
ɫ԰ף³һѪһѪĹȵӡ
ŵ֣û°ɣȨһס½Ҳ첽ѯơ
ŵ֣һ񵤡һߵݳһƿҩڻйȼ֣˵֮һھ֮Ļָ
ŵĺðͲʱˣɼҲ԰ˡ
ƿ񵤣һѹ궯Ѫûһ𿼺˵ĻһۣԺ۳˵ڿУ̱չز򡣡
ãȥɡ΢ЦĵͷϾ֮ɫ
뿪չٶȷԼСǧ磬ڳһͷˮ
ƽмƲƲ˵ʲôУǲͽβҸ뿪ɣСʱˣȻֵϣŵҲǱĽ֡
Իƽķ̣Ȩߵƽ˵ǰԼ˶ò˵㲻ӶѣŵֻԶ
ұ٣ǸȵĿɲҡƽ˵ָָȻһָһͬѰղվĵطֽӴ֮һСȦһƣԻٶ޸š
񾵡ôˣ


730 һ
ƽһ˵ڳע⵽ϵƣֻڻ޸ţƺԭƸ
񾵲γ֮ıôôѣ
ڳĿвʡ
ʱ֮ͬȳĻŻ񾵣о֮Ϊϲ츳㲻ῡܣԻ񾵼Ϊ˽⡣
ƿ˱Դﲻ٣ǻ񾵵ĺģڻ֮⣬ˮڲ󷨵Ҫ壬γ֮ı󷨸ģ񾵵类Ƶʱͻ飡
һʼͿҺ̬ˮ̶Ƴ˻񾵵壬㻯񾵾ѣҲڻӵ޸ܡ
ŵͨһ⾳Ŀˣ⡭һһ˫ϸ۾ž֮ɫһŸ磬Ӧ⾳⾳˻淨ȫ¡
⾳һֱһѣ⾳ܳΪһʥ⾳ͻ͸ϵԴӵнڻ
Ҳǻֵɹ⾳뷲壬𻯳
ڣȻѾƵһ⾳ˣ
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Ϣʱ䣬ĺϢԶŻ˳ľظ¥Ц˵
û뵽ŵϻʮ󣬾ȻƾؾѰҵŵһСһӦżһݲĻԵڵĳɼƽĻӦԵ̫ˣܹվԶŻ˳ǵ½ߣٷ֮ʮ˴ԵȻδԵʵ˵ܳһֻԵˡ
ЩܿлԵ֣ûлԵˡ
ԶŻ˳ǳԵʲôСӵ־ҵǺͣѵûз֣־Զˣ־ʡߣԽ棬־ԾԽҪҿСӣҲôһֻңԶĽΪĳϼ
һٸһЩԴ֧֣ͿԼĳɳɣǸ̫࣬Ӱˡ

ӻǰʱ򣬾˵Ϣʱ䣬Իŷͼʯʸ񣬳֮⣬֮ǰһ磬ʸܹʮһʹá
һϯ˵ƽֱɵˣʮһ죡
Ĳʸ񣬻죬Ҳ죬˼Ų൱Ĳʱ
Ҹղž˵һʸҲζ֮ǰĲʸûʹá
ûʹþͽôˣʹ֮ĻǲǸ̬
ƽһڿˮͳһŴϢ˳ȥ
ո׼СǧĻǰһһϢĶУƤһ£һѽ˻ҽ
ҧ̤ԼСǧ֮УͶ뵽֮С

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һѾ³˵ݣŮľǼʹӣ߱ԶŻ˳ǳˡ
ŵҲӦò³ˣԶŻ˳ǼʹӣߵλԶŻ˳ǳˣԶŻ˳½֮һ֮⣬ʥ˳ǣ˻˳ǣԶŻ˳ǳҲԶŻ˳һӣҶԵ񾵿ˣɼ죬Ȼ죬ˣĪҪиӴ磬Ȼ½磬ԶûдﵽĲΣ֮Զ󣡡
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Щ֮⣬ԭӿֲЩ˶ܵĺҪ½߸߳һ
ԼڽӴԶŻ˳ǣıɽһǶ㲻ϡ
ܺãԶŻ˳һӣָҵְڣȻˣҾݻԵ˵ָһУһöһС
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һ˵лȻѾյ֮ԣʯزĻɵĻ𾫣СʯĻƷȻͣײôĻ𾫼ﵽʲô̶Ⱦˡ
Ȼγʮֿ̣ô󣬻𾫵ܻͼΪֲˣһһγɣͺʮĿҲΪɹۡ
ֵ񾵵Ļ磬Զܹģ֮ϣǻ𣬽ƾƻ磬͸򣡡
շ֮ףĻӦٵİмǣֻֻԷ⣬־̣ڻֵʮϢʱ䣬Ұɣʱһָ㣡
ǣǰһݣ뿪
ûȥ֮ȲŷͼڣǻصԼСǧУսֹ֮ţʼ˱չء
óֽеķӡС
Ʒ𾫣
Է˵㲻ʲôܴ½ȴûϵ߷ûϵ񺣴ۺ졣
֮ϣȻл֡һⲢûгϣ֮ʥһ㣬𾫵ľŸƷֻǶӦ½磬ƱиǿĴڡ
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֮ƺѾǣʼ˷ȻվѲڻӴһɲǣаӾҵ֮Ƿ֮ƺ˿ǣʱήࡣ

аӾһУɷ֮ЯĻҲдĻɢʱеһҽһ֫ٺ
һܵĺͷ̶ֳȵıȫܵס
˵ףӻǵ͹ڻ淽Ϊ֪аӵĴڣҲаӵİ淨ٶȡ
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ڶ壬һöƷ𾫣ԻΪĲο֮Ȳͼʯʮһ֮ȥ񾵵ڶ磬֪Σ
սȭͷ֮ȡ

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˷²豭Цô⻰ƺŵƵģҲԶŻ˳ǵĵӣ˴˾кô˵볬Խ磬ڵڶ粻Ϣѡ
š֪ŵʲôɼţеڴ
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ʮһ죬֪ҶԻ⾳⣬ܹڻм̶ֳֵȣ
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֪ŵ᲻ֱȥ񾵡һüʼųݵ˵
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ĸ֣߸ûгڱչصĻᣬǲͼʯĻ٣޷ɲʱǾֻܴСǧгۿԶŻ˳ǵתеõһЩ΢

ڻſڣ΢ЦĿչһʱֱô
ˣЩһֱһЩҪԣѾȲˡ
ʮһʱ䣬⾳Ѿﵽߵĳ̶ȣԻ⾳ҲţǷȷҪеķ顣
Ȼ֪չһӻȡøõĳɼ˵ȡʲôʵĳɼҪҪǷ⾳
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˵ӣôһһǻϼģڵڶʮϢԴﵽʮϢ
ʮϢսʿûʲô֮ɫͷûʲôϲҲˡ
սʿ䵭Ӧ˵֮УЦϻƣ۹⻹ô߰½磬򣬲
˵ϳ˸ӣ˺սʿȤŲ˵˵Ȼģôһŵ½Ѿڻ񾵵ڶмʮϢ
ʮϢսʿüһûʲôϲ֮ɫ㲻Ҳ㲻þޣֻ˵һЩϣҵĿˡ
ٺ١һ֪ô˵ı飬ܵ˵˵Ļǰĳɼһֱڱչأ͵ſγغıְɣ˵֮󣬶мȥľӵڻأ
սʿһô˵۾һɵʲôҵľӶǷľӢôڻңʥ˳ǣҵһӣԸҵ£
ʥ˳ǣƲƲ죬¶мı飬Ǹ깵ĵطÿèСèֻôܸԶŻ˳ǱȣϷֶӮǣ
ʥ˳ǺԶŻ˳һ½֮һƽʱȻǿһ˭Ҳ˭ܵ˵ԶŻ˳ôһƣ˵ôԡ
սʿкЦ˵ţƤɱˣǸȷʵڶֵʮϢ֮⣬տҲȡ˲ĳɼ


738 ŷ֮Ѫ
ʮϢʮϢʱпһ£ôùʮϢѾˣʥ˳߹ʺˣôһ˲Ű
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֪ʮϢ֮׹ʯؼ̶ȡӣʱʮϢʱ򣬾Ϊһֱһĳʯܵġ
ʯֱӰӵһԭİ˱֮࣡ôըҲӵ˱
ʮϢ֮Ѷȿ˵Լĳ̶
ֶܼãҲûס
ô˵ɣǸܼʮϢ˳ɾ֮򣬾ͻΪµսʿˡսʿǹһ˿׽΢Цſ˳Ա
ʮϢƨŵɸ㶨ţƤѾȥˣȻҪͷֵˡ
ϼһﻹҪӡսʿаţ̣˵ŵмϢ
˵˵һ£˵ʮϢ
ҲҶ˵ʮϢпܵġ
٣˵ģĻƿó۸һһսʿ˵촽Ⱦ֮ˣ˵һ̳ƶɣֽѲ꣬ƾмƷ
裡ûٰǾǧ궼ûúȣЦţ˵ĹϵͲŻῪЦ
ʱһͻȻѬҸģӮ˵Ļչ涨ŵֲһЩŷѪΣ
սʿ̧ͷȥȴһȹķվڲԶЦ
սʿæվȭ˵Цˣŵɼ㣬棬ȷʵΪӦĹŷѪ
Ǿллˡ΢΢һЦЩԹŷѪԴĹܿԽԽûкսʿ룬Ǻ
ô˵ҲԶŻ˳ǳῡܣôһ˿˿ĿܳΪ峤ϣԶŻ˳˵Ҳһϲɺص顣
ѬȻˣͿʼɡ˵վźսʿ񾵴ȥ

ŵտѾʼˣ
СǧУһԪԺ֮У֮ǰһչؾʮ죬ַЩ̡ʹöʱˣҲûջص˼ֱգտ١
붨״̬±ѣʱһķâ
붨ã
ڿгʮ죬ܹԶŻ˳һգڣħķֻ겻Ļش
ʮ졭֪ˡվտ˵һսУʵҲǰЩ߻߰ʮʱտˣ֮ͨ
Խпˣ˵ѶȾԽߣʮĺҪһĺ߳ܶ
£տ˵ѶȾͻ轵һΣտˣǾ͸ֵһˡ
ߵڵĴߡӡ˰˶Ѿۼˡ
ע⵽ڻ֮ǰһߣ΢ЦſԼ˵˾ʹˡ
֮½½˼ˣԶŻ˳һļûƵһĵӣμӰտ˵ĻᶼûС
λȽһ¡Ա֮󣬾վλˣԶŻ˳ǳǷӣԶŻ˳ǼʹѬʹߣҲǱΰտ˵Ŀ٣
һһܹͼ˺ͷӣûʲô⣬ȴǳһԶŻ˳ǳǼʹ˵˲Ĵˡ
ܼ˵еһּ
ɫս׵Ѭ΢΢һЦ˵λԶŻ˳һῡɫļֵĿ˼Ϊϸ̹˵ͨ˵ĸʲǺܴʵͨ񲢲ҪοҪףҵҲǵճɼְĻ־ͻΪʵĲο
սʿһ˵ڳ߶ЩţճɼǾζűעҲӰպеķչǰ;
ȣ˽л񾵲ԣֻڵڶмʮϢϵģпʸ񡣡
սʿһ仰˵ƽ˶ʱĶˣ׹ˣ˻ŵǼ˸ġ
ڵڶмʮϢϲпʸ񣬻ƽʮǰŸոǿͻƵһ磬ڶָܼϢʱ漣ˡ
ƽɼҲһɬ˰⿼˸ǸʲôϵûС
Կʼսʿ󣬾˻ƽӵ֣˶ǴģһǰŸոջ˻񾵵һ硣
ЩεĽвԣûκ漣ûһֳϢȫ̭
ߺ⣬Ȼ֪ʧܣ˵Ҳһᣬһ㣬ֹв׺ź
𣬸ˡ
ԶŻ˳ǻ黯񾵵һһֻˣһá
ۻǻЩţο˹ϵպеĵλ
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ոߵǰͻȻһԪСӣˣһλϷ֪ΪһЩʽûóɼﵽߣϷ˵ǰͷԶŻ˳ǵͷƣĳɼϵԶŻ˳ǵ棬ʵʵİȫʵóʽЧȥʹãֶܼþͼֶãЩļһǿԶŻ˳ǵҪֲʮϢϷ˵ģ
֤һЩʽȻ˵Ԫһûüظʲôֵʽûϵο˹еʱ飬⣬Ӹ˹ŷ֮ѪܲõͿıˣ
ʲôŷ֮Ѫ
һǸֲŷ֮Ѫ
ȻҪȻΪʲôԣúñ֣
˵Ŀ϶ֿӣԷһЦݣжʱսƣȻа֧֣ѪʼߣٵõһЩŷ֮ѪĻϵȻ°빦
óȫ£֤ʲôģȷһҲûϵ
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һְ˻ǰ
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ո붨ϢǰĻѾѿһƣһѾ״ݻ٣
ѬһĻ۾һԾƵһ磬ֻϢʱ䣬Сӣе˼
ٺ٣͵ſɣ˵˵СһֲʮϢҰóˣЩҲ


739 ʮϢ
ѬΪ֮ˣȻҲһЩصĳҲ۲ܾˣϢƵһ磬ʱŴѬһѡ
ãҵһ̳ѲصƣҲһһƣҪ˵ҾóףһԶŻ˳һȥſˡ
ʲô⹷²ԶŻ˳һֱ˲űò
ͷȱ磬ŵϢƵһ粻٣ǾǷ֮һߵľڵڶɲʹ
۾ͽȥưɣ
ԭԻʯΪĲµĻͨϵԴ֮Խʶ̽뵽֮Уۿߵ
ʱڻ񾵵ڶ֮УǺХʯ
硢졢ա׷֮Уʺƻ⾳ľˣ졢Ȼ󣬵Ҳ׷磬⾳ȫ
˵Ĵ㣬ȫһõȻû뵽ǣһʯأҽֻƽƽһǹ̳綼ûãƿ˻Ȼء
Сӣʮʱ䣬Ǵг
۾һдϲڴȡʲôĳɼ
ಣಣಣ
һһŵʯֱڰ£ըĳȫܸκв赭дһǹǹ̳ɻⱬըನתۼѾʮϢȥȴûʲôġ
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Ѭ΢΢һЦ𼱣ǰʮϢѶȶԺʯԽԽܼҲԽԽʮϢֱ֮һʯʮϢֱ֮ʯǸʱѶȻᷭűǲǼµʱ򡣡
תۼʮϢʱһֱﵽʯ֮ǰվʯ챻ʯ˺ѣһƬҽԿֲĳǹת籩еҶһ㱻Ʒɣڵ˹Уǹ㣬ÿһǹ˸ɫĹâ׾ٵĴһƻ˺󼸰ɺˣСģ˱ըನ
ͻˣֱʯȻûбƳŵ似
һĻѬ΢΢ݣֱʯÿһöԸȻ΢Ԫƿǣš
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ѬĿ΢ս鸽ŵǹ֮ϣùۣСƿһɹƿò̾
ʵѬ˺ͷҲǾסˣСӣԭѾս飬ƷﵽͭСɣ
֮ǰ񾵻磬ûùս飬˲˻ǷӶ֪ӵս顣
ӵһУŵһ֤֮Բûս飬ʱͶսĻֻʱ
ս⾳޹أڻֻԼķ֮Ϊ˸õĳɼս飬ûҪһÿĳɼ˵ûκ塣
ȻξͲͬˣ¹عŷ֮ѪȻҪȫԸ
ῡ˵ս黹ھӵͭСɵս飬ǾͿֲˣ
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Ҳֻս飬ŻΪ߳ɳزˣ
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־˵˿⾳־ǿߣǳƳ硣
ѬĬĬս¼ϣСӣҲֵܼʮϢʱ䣬ս飬պְʱܵˡ
䣡䣡䣡
һſʯأǹϰɫĹâƾ˳죬ȴʼûʹ似
һ΢Ԫս飬ټԻϵ⾳⣬Ӧ
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ʮϢһֱӽһʯųĻβͺХ£ըĳϯ죬Ŀһгǹһֺԥ
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ʮϢ
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ʮϢ
ԽʮϢżʯ̶ܼȸʱ򣬼ʯֱһϡ
а֮ת£ųɫĻ籡ԪʱҲ޷ִˣԾԵͬʱ÷֮Ӳƿʯıըನ
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ƾԻ淨֮⣬Ӳƿɫһ󳱺졣
ƿһöʯʮϢѹ
ʮϢˣŵѬһʮϢʮϢֻϢʵܴ󣬻񾵵ڶ磬ʮϢһѶԼٶ
ʮϢĿܹȥ𣿡ѬģʱУʯ֮УЩʯ֮УȻһֱĳʯڻγɡ


740 תǳ֮
ֱʯֱʯûʵʮı
ʮıҲʮıĹǿȣڡһСԪ࣬ҲǼѡ
Ҳ˵ֱʯֱʯߵĹôǰ߱Ⱥ߸߳һ󾳽磡
ֱʯ似ñɻ⡣
Ǹղֱһʯʮ߱Ѿóǿ졣
ֱʯ춼֧ˣ
һˣôֹһιֱʯصĻȻʧܡ
һĻѬ˻ǷӶ۾ſοסι
ŵôãһ˵ֱʯܵʮϢĺβŻ֡
ʮϢĿվǿˣŵѾ㹻ˣһʵڳߵĳŵƴˣӦܳһļӦûʮϢʮϢĻѾ˲ˣѬһ͵
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һ̣ͻȻͷ죬˫Ŀ֮ͫУӳصǳ֮תڣаӺХѹаеĻϵԪ纣Хһ㱬
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һǹ̳ռĿռƬתŷȥռ֮֯һɺɫĿռ籩
籩һֱʣƿһл
һĻѬ۾һСҪʲôѵǡ
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󡭡˾㵵һĻˣǿڻ֮еʯͻȻתʯʯʯɳϵļС
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Ѭˣӣסˣתǳ֤֮ѾƿڶһŵȻһŵƿڶ绹кԶϾˣڵΪ
ŵѾʼһ˿ıˣȻֻһ˿¿ͷѣպڻϵ⾳ϵĳɾ;Բ͡Ѭƽῡܣǿղһ֣ܴһ̶жϳδķչˡ
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Ӧûİɣѵû֣ŵСӳ˻ϵ֮⣬ڿռ䷨׵編涼в裬ˣ˫ޣս飬Ŷͣôණ㲻Է˯Ҳ򲻹
Ѭһ˵˺ӶˣСǻ죬ҲҹŷһԱȻϵȥģֱд
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ڻУǼϢȥʮϢ
ΪԪ㣬δȫƿನͳȥһˣ
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ڻУҧ⣬ǿתа֮֮еĻѹƳһѪǹϣ
ʮϢڶˣθأؿڱУѪģʮɴ裬壬籦ƾؿڼѾϡãӲĿסһû˵ࡣ
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ԭѬۿˣȻĿİҪʮϢʱ䣬֪ʲôźˡ


741 һѪ
ʮһϢܳɼЦ⣬ΪԶŻ˳߳ȥῡܣҲĵӣܳΪ峤ϵĻǾҫˡ
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ھһųϵҲȥ֮ã˵ǼΪңԶ飬֪˵Ҳһѡ
СӽʱһҪɽҵľӡѬţʶץץơ
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츳Ҫڷıһְλʮɣִϵھ
ưɣ϶Ҫµģֻսʺ˵ˣҾͰƿȸʹ죡
˵ҿˮˣ˵оƺȣ۾Цûˣʱ򣬷ͻȻѬ֮ǰ˵Ĺŷ֮ѪѬǵðɣ
ǵãȻǵãŵֵʮһϢʱ䣬ƾһ㣬ֵİտÿˣԱ֤ͨŷ֮ѪһҪһŵԼҪٹŷ֮ѪǷҪʽԴ
壬ῡܸĳɼԶһӦԴаŷ֮Ѫ֡ҩؼȵȸֵּǵĶ
Ų٣̫ῡʮͳһʵ̫ˣԴԶ䣬οῡ֮⣬ꡢǧвǿߣ߲ǿߣҲͬҪԴ
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Ѭ˵ԴģῡܣԼҵĶԼûµõȴȥˣζȻܡ
Ҫŷ֮Ѫ
ԥĻشؼŪҩԼң֮˱ĻᵱȻһֻŷ֮ѪһںϾͻԵԼԻ֮⾳϶ȣȻҪȶһˡ
ĻشûгѬϣ΢΢һЦ½ۣԸһŷ֮Ѫῡ࣬Ҳ͵¹ŷ֮Ѫļ۸ĳɼȫһŷ֮ѪҲܶһһǮһѣѡŷ֮ѪͬʱһʽԴһЩ⾳ϵİܴΣ
Ѭһ˵ԥһ£һǮŵʮΣʮǮһʮһһڴʮѪҲ˵һǧǮѪҺֵһǮѪǧ֮һ
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ҪνŷѪ̫ңԶҲѬ˵һһֻ֮⾳Ҳ
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лǰָ㡣
ԷȻΪΣѬ˵ȫҪŷ֮Ѫ
ãѬҲֱӴֽȡһ߼ˮ飬ˮ룬ӡһźɫҺ壬ָֻСһʺıʯһ㣬Ȼǹŷ֮Ѫˡ
Ѭŷ֮ѪҪ룬ӦܰٷְҾͲīˣֱӰѹŷ֮Ѫ㣬ϣڽ͸ϵԴ򣬳Ϊĳ֮һ
˵գѬһ˦֣ŷ֮Ѫ㵽УһǮһܰʮΣո㡣
лѬ˫žӨˮ飬貵Ĺŷ֮Ѫ˷֮ɫ


742 ɾ
ŷѪڵĸԷ岻ԶЩҲһµ˽⡣
׿½ǧǧеķ֧㣬壬Ϳðǧ㣡
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ߣһߣʮò࣬ȥԼٶǧںףοѾ˲֪ꡣ
ڶῡܣҪгͷѶȿ֪ˡ
ԼСǧʯϣħϺǱ߾Σ
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ħ֮Ӧְܼʱ䣬ڽգã޻ÿһʱͻ̽ԵĹһΣӦЩˡ
֪ˡɫ΢޻һֱĻֻܳ£Լʱ䲻ˡ
ôٲһ⾳յŷ֮Ѫ˵ţŷ֮Ѫˮġ
ѾʱԻȥԶŻ˳иȻٶȸ죬Ҫǣ޻ʵԼȵΣֻнʵߵޣȥ޻ղ
ŷ֮Ѫģ͸ӨˮԼԼĸܵˮ֮дĹϢ
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ָԪΪɫƽĻԼüĴļѪһŲ϶СĹŷ֮ѪԼüġ
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ĬĬתԪաȸ¼ھ֮һһתһε˹ŷ֮ѪѹѪ֮С
ʱദħһֱĵģûйŷ֮Ѫ˼һħĻŷ֮Ѫûķݶˡ
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ʱ֮Уڶ˻תγһУϵɹŷ֮Ѫ̺ı
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һϲһǮĹŷ֮ѪټϷ֮ԼҪڶͻƵڣ
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СǧеԪΪḻϾСǧռޣסգܿͱȥ˴롣
СǧͿƵԪŨȴ֮СǧȻԶŻ˳ȡԪʹá
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ŵڵСǧ翪ʼΧƺСһͻءվ͸ңס
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СǧУͻƵٽ״̬Ѿʱ֮еȭͷСһ㼱ת˵ı棬һɵĹԡ
ʱͻȻڲʼ̮ˣ
СŷĿĹâԪ۹һڣ
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Ȼ˫ۣڴڵĴѾˮʪ͸
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ڱҲڣΪУжתŵˣǴڵڣʵĲȴ൱һ󾳽硣
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ɣǲܴ½ĸֽײ㡣
ʥأɸֶõӣܴﵽһɣʥǸųϡ
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ţԼԤϵ⣬ԼҲܹﰲȻ뿪
ħ⣬ڻͼʯлĲʱã֮Ǽ̷ܴ½
ڵڶмֵʮһϢʱ䣬ֻʱĶ⽱õĻ˷ѵˡ


743 
Щӱչز֮⾳Ļټͻڣչŷ֮Ѫлѹ˴ɻһιŷͼʯɻͷųŷͼʯеĻ渡һһӡ֤ûܵõҲˣµɻ
ڵĸоǣԻ⾳ԽԽɻҲԽԽࡣ
һ죬ûɻˣ͵ڲ͸˻֮ıԴ
пܣ͸֮ԴˣȻɻ
Щɻûȥѯʷӣ˵ֻԼĶ̣οÿķ򶼲ͬÿ˶һ׶ķϵñ˵Ľ۽Լ⣬վ
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תۼ䣬ԶŻ˳һٶʮ졣
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һʮϣֳƹΪһʮʮÿƹһкܶ๬λؾ֮Уڲṹޱȣ̺һЩ˼֮أǿߵĹ֮ء
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뿪ʱŷµ⾳Щԭֻǽһµʱ䣬ȴǳڽһֱͻ񺣡
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޻ǰһһʮ㣬ֻƵ֣һ壬ʲôӶ֡
ֵԱߣվűۺԳһ峤Ȼϳһδ˱ɱ˺ܶ࣬ǵܲסջ󣬲Ը衣
ī壬ûٳ֣ī峤ԭֻжɣʵ̫ͣ޻ҲֲʲôˮвһûɱǾ͸ùˣֳֺõ飬ȻҪ˳
޻м֮⣬֮лһӣϸ۾԰׵ƤϹааЦݡ
ͬħΪ׹ƣŲаħ
׹ߵҲ޻ͬУħ۳кܴĹħ۳𣬰׹һϴ½Ҳɣͬħš
ԭ׹ƵħŸȲϺħ򣬿ڣϺħϴ٣ʵ׹ƵȻͱϺħǿˡ
ųϣҲ̫Щɣһʮ꣬ΪڵëͷСŪӣŶȥ˰˾ųɣ𣿡
׹ƵĻдŲ̫Եķζ޻Ȼó磬һֻΪͻ񺣣ʳƵۣڱ˵ĳ⡣
Ұ׹Ϊֲһǧ÷⺣ҪĸΪϵǿߡ
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ҪĳѾˣΪɻģ˵ôô׹Ц⣬޻ĻûʲôоʵϣϺħľֻ
׹ƣȥϱߣԳ֣ȥߣڶߣʣµģǧˡ
޻еǧ֣֣βǧ÷⺣Ҫֳһǧ÷⺣󲼳ɣǾ޵þֱӷϵĸ֪


744 ѪȾ
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׹дͷ֮ʣҧ⣬һھѪǿתԪİθһɣҲʹãԭɨ׹Ƶһǹֻɨ˰׹ƵСȡ
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ֵѸήˮֱһöתĺɫȴһץС
޵һʲĲƸֱ¾ͿԶߵ𵽺ܴã֮⣬־ʦĵ·ѵõˮϵȻˡ


745 ս޻
ֱֵɱʵҲϢʱ䡣
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׹ƸȣȻպһһȵĳǹһڰ׹Ƶʺ֮ǰ
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޻һ˵ô࣬Ӵôʱ䣬ѹе̫ˣܵѹҲһһ
ܣ΢΢һЦ޻ѵ֪ĴôΪҵĳɳٶȶе־壬Ϊѣǧǧ磬ῡܶɳһ죬Ҳ֣ᷢ׷ѰĶڱ˵Уֻĵѡ
޻Ц˵Ķԣ죬ȷʵһֻ֮ܣҲ֮ܣҲԼ׷ĶڱֻǲҪķƷԣҲ߳磬ҵ壬ҲϵǿߵֻǱģȴͻ޵Ψһϣְɣҿʵ޾Σ
޻˵һеĳì̶ֱ
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޻ֵһ˲䣬ֻоһɷƥݵì֮ϣ׳ìǷ·ܲס
һĻ޻д󾪣

޻һϸŵԪƶԶԶ˿ͷһԼеڳìأѣײȥұ֤ìǷѣ
ױǵؽƷղһײ֤飡
޻Ŀеĺɫǹ֮ϣǸǹƺҲױͨ͸ŹŹ֣޻޷ʲô
ƷҲܶı˿ֲѹղǷޱȵ޻Ȼһѵǡ
ս飿
Ϻħʥأ۾ڤܴ½ǧǰʵǰŵ伮жս鵱Ȼء
޻һʼûϳս飬Ϊ˵ЩңԶˣû뵽
СӣȻս飡ԣյ伮սƷѾͣսʱ䣬ֻ¸磡ᣬս飬Ҹղһǹսӳ֣һ̺ޱȵĻ֮⾳⾳³̶ȣǼĻ֮⾳ҲĪ
ˮ𹦷Ǽ޻Ϊɣ޻ʶǼĻ֮⾳
񺣴ܵս飬ԶǼĻ֮⾳޻սеĺɫзˡ
һֱΪܹͻȻΪһֻãõһĻԵˣԼõݻԵɾֻߡ
ڿս黹ǻ֮⾳ǹƾԵӵеģս鿴־֮⾳ԣѵһţ
޻ɫ׳ƽٳììһۣɺѪìì֮ϣ󣬲˼һĻˣɫìһ̷·𻯳һѪޣ޻ѪȫգɫҲɺɫɺɫ
û뵽һУܱѪìһսҵһս


746 ڣ
޻ϹħѪΪìøǿĹȻ߾ѪޣóһкʻһЩ
޻սóѪìҪԭΪǿΪ˼ӹĳìֻҪײĽͻᱻǹնϡ
ʵڱϵģս顣
ͬױֻһСƷ޻ìǹײռԵƣǹйעս飬ʹǸ˳ǹ۷̶ȻǼӲ̶ȶһأ֪õؽƷǹעս飬Զױʬɷ
ƷԶŻ˳ʽǹͳ̶ȣƷȼ磬սϣ̶ȿ֪ˡ
޻ûս飬͸ûʸײ
һҪôÿιĴԪìҪôֻѪìɱһǧ˰ٵʽ
޻Ⱦһ˿ɺѪкɫìֱָѣղŵһìұ;УһΣһȫԸ
޻սֵزѾ޿ˣҪƴΪ޻һҰĵˣпܣҪɾ񺣣ȥʶǸ磡
񣬻Եǰȥȡעǧ֮ڳ
Ѫ죡
޻ֳֺɫìԭɫΪһƾѪ󣬸ֳһĨ̬죬еĳì·ħɺͷϯŷĺɫҫĳ⣬ն
޻һбֺɫǹԪת£ǹƺս鲻ϵѹµսÿһÿһʽ߶ѹĺˮķѸ
ǳ֮
˫סɫǹǹβ϶һǹն
һǹڻ񾵵ڶתǳ֮һУǹûֻ֣һ˿⾳̺С
һǹն˺޻ì⼤ײһ
¡
ӿĺϯ˽ּԶĺףɳγɻҰɫɳ籩ʮֻɳ֮еޣŵɢӴܡ
ϣ
ɳˮķ籩֮У޻չ˽ⲫ
ױļײӿھ޴ĸѹ֮£ˮȵҽ¶Ȼ޷ÿһÿһʽս޻ÿһ̺Ѫ֮
ħ֮ɱ
սУϵɱԽԽʢʼǵصѹ޻ɱɱɵ־־ߣֻҪɱ֮Уͻᱻɱ֮
ʵӲĸ֣ҲᱻɱӰ죬ʵӲ۷ˮ׼
ţСӣ޻һȻʽСӵ׾ʲôΪʲôô
ޣƣ
޻ìһתǱڳììͷ֮ϣһƲɫĻð˳һʱ䣬·ޣƲɫĻ棬ԩ֮۶ɵģ
޻˳ìնɱߣѪһ߾ѪԩΪϣǿ
ԩ겻ϱɱɱ޻ìϵ׷ԽԽʢ
ħ
޻ϵļҵŤһ飬ǲܣһǹ̻ȥֱ޻ѣ
޻д󾪣ͷһȻԼǲҪĴ򷨡
ìһת޻ìϸŵֻ¡һ죬ԪײֻصһУʹ޻ͬʱˡ
Ԫը𵽰ɿ⣬޻ͬܣһǹȻ£ǸսǹâȴȥƲֱֹĿڣԪĲȻһɵھ֮Уƻ
޻ɫһҰףòײѹԪһѪ˿
ˣ
޻ɫһȻֻˣȻԷֻأ˵ıԼأô˵Լⶼһ䲻ԼͷͷĺС
һǧߣʮ߻ˣ˵ȥ֮
Сӣһе˻ˣΣ޻ЦһЩʵˣûĵԷʽ˻˵Ƥ򷨣ƶԷС
޻սḻշ磬ʱУͲһףղţʱ任򣬵˴󲿷ֳвԿԸࡣ
Ȼ޻Цֻ¶Ϣʱ䣬ϣɴ۾ؿڣԪ˺ѣµƤֻһǳǳѪۣѪۻۿɼٶȻָš
ô
޻󾪣ìϣлԪҲشôֻһôǳ˺ۣ
޻ϸ룬һͦǹٶɱ
һǹעȫԪԲʮﷶΧԪռһɲŤˣˮڣ
һǹ̳ѹ֮µĺˮƿһڣаӼХţ֮ӿ
죡
֮⾳ռ֮ںϵһԿռΪ磬֮
޻Ŀгì̳
£
ǣ
޻еĳìٶȷ·Щֲ֧סĸоһǹֱ޻ţǹΧռѣĿռƬĸһȥˮи
һУ
޻ͫĳìٴ̱ټޣ
ìһת޻ҧ⣬ӲìһھѪ

ˮױɵ磬޻˶ʮɣɫ죬ڴڵĴ
֮УÿһеĶҪȵ϶һ˼ҵս޻ԪѾĲˡ
ΪΪ޻һ󾳽磬˳ϰԶֻ޻治ɫһκûУʮ㣡
ա硢켸ʽټӶʱĽⲫһģ˵㲻ʲôҪ֪ڻ񾵵Ļ磬˺ڣÿһֱﵽһʯҪóһ죬ֱʯҪתǳ֮
£ȫԼֵϢϣ
һ÷ӵǿ߾̾ûῡܾĳɼ
Ϊ˰ŶݼףټϹŷѪĴԼԶ˵ʢѪ֮
޻Щ޷ȡ
ռţͬռţʮɴټ壬ȵؽƷ˻˵ķʽ޻Ӳƴ
ԣѷ޻һֱȥʱ䣬޻Ҳ֧ţ
ǹһͦٶȳ죡
ͬһУɫǹԪ籡ռƬɵһתˮʳУ
ۿٴι޼޻˫Ŀһ˿־֮ɫ
ôܣСӵǻеɵ


747 ʮ׷ɱ
¡
һҵıը޻ǿ죬ڱըನĳµɳʮԶ˳֮£޻սһ΢ѾΪˡ
˼ʮɺ󣬳ǹһٶ޻
磡
ҵǹâ޻ʱһľδȴòٴһ
䣡
޻ƺһõɳȥѪ޻ǿһѹ
ʵԽԽ
գ
죡
ǳ֮
һнһУ޻ӦӲϾ
ôܣ
޻ʱѪӿϲϵ˺ۣۿԽսԽ£־⣬ȷʵҰģʤԽԽã£Ҳ޴
ӣ
޻ͷһЩƣԷ·еһ㲻֪ƣ޻ѾЩˣ¼ѵóҲɱʱӵĻᶼûˡ
һ޻ֽȡһöҰɫĵҩʯʯƶɣһź󣬿ڶʱڻָ޻Ԫνתսֵ鵤ˡ
ڵλõܴ½뼫ΪңԶ޻Ԫʣ²ĳɣһЩĻӻȥ
ָһ޻ʹһҩͷɶݣ
ӣ
Ŀһ˿ɱնݲܻһڰжԼŷгԹһο鷢
Ԫһʱ䣬ӳսԹӳȥ˲׷޻޻һսӡǡ
սӡħѰҳڵʱùһΣҹϮϺħ׷ɱϺħڶֵʱùһΣӵսˣֲֶˣ˵ƽˡ
һ˿սӡǣƾ޻ܵĺǣ׷Ѱ
ħ⣬þ︡ǳˣȥ׷ɱ޻
õģħٺһЦ׷ɱʲôʥϲˡ
ɫǹŲȽֱ׷޻ȥ
֮УǰٶúܣÿǰһҪ޻ʣ಻ˣȻҪȳ档
¡
ˮըʮɸߵİɫ˻У޻ȫ򱱷ɶݵͬʱӳһѽ顣
ֽ޻ħ۹ʹùס˰üɵһʱ䣬ֽţ˴޻гʱա
䣡
ں汬ըγɫĽ磬һס˺棬ʱոճٶһͣ㱻סˡ
ƣ
һǹ̳עս飬صĻڽ֮ϣӲĹͰüɵӡɫһǹ֮£粣һơ
ƣ
ڶǹ̳糹ױ٣̤գ޻ֱ׷ȥ
Сӣ
޻һݣȻ֪ǿҲһѽ龹ȻֻһϢʱ䡣
ǧһϺħĴֻҪͨһѴٵͿ԰ռͨʱͰȫˡ
׳ᣡ
޻һӡ֮ϣ˺ѣһ˫ɫĳչַʥ޵Ƴɵķбһ̶޻ٶȡ
С̫ѲˣҵһбóڣҵٶɣӦûˡ
޻˫չʸһȥ֮γ˿µ¡¡һɢ涼ѹˣ
޻һɳ֪һɨʱ׷ᣬԼľԽԽˣ
ôᣡ
޻д󾪣Լȫٷɶݣзбӳ֣ٶȾȻɲ
ֻ̤һͿľ룬·ռ±ˣΣʮͱ˦
ʲô
޻ҧأȫԪת£ǧľ룬޻˵ò˶ãڱ׷ɱξȴһѹĹŹء
ۿԽԽȥʱ䣬ͻᱻ׷ϣһˣӿɲˡ
޻һᣬҧҧָһȡѪξѪֱ֮߳ϣ׳ȾһѪɫٶ
ʹѪȻÿεֻмΣۻҲ޻ԲˣһսѾ˵޻֮Ҫ䣬Ҫʮʱʹĵر
Сӣ
޻ܻõܵĻԽԽãˣڣϺħѾȥ˾ųɣʧ̫ˣ
ϺħҲˣ뿪ֱȥĴ
޻ˣһǰһ󣬸ٷеķѹúը𣬼Ѫ֮޻һЩ룬ǰ
һڹµ֮ϵĴԭϺħػڣϺħѾڰɢ״̬ЩͲ֪ȥˡ
޻¶ݹ⣬ڵһ棬޴ĳֱӲ̤Сʯ顣
ڣ
޻һϲ̤ϴָһʮԪʯ˴Ľǣ󷨷
ۿԶĶݹ֣޻һ޵Ĺâһ죬Ϸ㸶۵ģ
һ̣޻ڴȫʧˡ
ţˣ
¶ݹ⣬Ŀһɨ˲˽´ԭֻͨĴ󣬴;벻ʮ
޻ȻͨʱٵĳڣҴӿռе
Сʹڴ͹гΪߣܻΣգǿߣȴ⣬ഫ͵һ뱻ռͨˡ
һ̤봫󣬷󷨣ſռһŤһ̣˰Ŀռͨ
ʮĴͣʮϢʮϢʱ䣬ȻʮϢȥռͨ͵һ𣬿ռ֮ΧʼִƣȻڱ޻ƻˣ

ӿռͨĿռɺɫ籩ϮռϯȥΪ߻ֱΪ㹻ߣҲᱻռֹͨ͡
治ɫʮָһԪԭڵĿռ籩֮󣬾ѸɢȥϢʱƽϢˡ
ǰĳ봫̶ֳͣȵĿռֵһᣬԿռ⾳⣬ȫӲƿռǿɴ͡
Ҷ
һǹ̳ǹâռϱ֮УԭҪѵĿռͨȻǿȶ
žﻹ߰
ڱ٣ҲģȻƾԿռ䷨ǿɴͣҲҲ׼ڡ
֮ǰ޻µսӡǣƾܹƳһµķΧ
д
ٶȷλá
һ⸽
ƣ
һǹڿռϱ֮ϣһ̣ռ飬ӿռͨг˳


748 ׷
Ϊͳڱ٣ǿȶռͨվǵһʱ䣬֮޻Ѿʧˡ
ͣ
оԼ޻ϵսӡԾ˵ٶԶȥֻһֿܣǾ޻̤һ
֪ɢȥܿҵ˴ڣСȻϺħһת㣬Сڻþ󷨵ı֮УصĺܺãϻһЩ¥ӦǵصĵӾסģֻѾȥ¥ա
Щ¥ԱߣдССʮÿһһʮɵֱƴͷΧʮ
ЩУһѾƻˣȻղ޻Ǵġ
ڱٵĴһ࣬ĸͬĴһŵನ֤ոձ
ʣ޻ͨ뿪ġ޻ƻĳڣȴƻڣԼˡ
Ū˴ԭ֮һ̤ڶ֮Уٴηͣ

ʱϺħʮ֮⣬һɽ֮У߰ߣΧڼԡ
ʦ֣˵ϺħѾ߰˳ɣڸǺãȥô
ڼ֮УһʮΪ׵ĺ˵
Щ˶Ʒŵĵӣרſشġ
󼯽ǳ࣬ЩΪ۸߰ܶǼϽģʹҪշѣȻһЩػ
ȻǰϺħƷ˵ڡ̫һһЩƷʧȥ˿ɽȻͳΪϺħˡ
Ĵ磬ҲϺħռ졣
ػһ󼯽ҪʮˣΪڶ࣬Ϻħ򲻿ȫɱأһɳһϺħӣСŵԭ
ЩˣһıϺħ½ƣһı³֪ˡ
ڣ˵ϺħɱΣٽɢˣħӶϺ򣬷׷ӻ£ǲ֪úȥδӡ
Ҫ˵ϺħȻܴ죬ǰ֮ĲȻԶܿģϺħû̫ܵӰ죬ĳǻڣ˵֪ĻǱɡ
ϧִֻϺΧɱˣɱϺħֲҪɢˣʱҲܽ⿪ƣɡΧ֮УһŮСš
˵˲Ҫ˵⵺ϻϺħħʹ룬˵ĸǰͬһ޻ȣµѹֲֶܼú˵һʧܣ޻ػϺħĺϺħ򲢲£ϾϺħĵӴšΪ׵ĺ̾һ˵ΪϺսµġ
⼸гΪľƾһ֮¾ѪϴϺħ򣬻ɱǧϺħӣиǰϺħľϡ
ս漣
漣Ҳʮ꣬ΪڣشϺħǳ޻չصʱ
޻أΪɣ޻ס
ߵĻ֮ǰ˵ĻŮսȭͷ˵ִһµģˣ֮ǰ˵ִǳȵģǲǸһţ
ŮͻȻţʺߵ
ǵġΪĺȻŮҲ겻ѣȷʵǳȣڻ˵һʱ򣬴δڲõĽΪ޻ľ֣
ڻؿ飬һ㡣
߿϶ĻŮʱ۾磬˵˵ִǰȵ¡
ҡҡͷЦֻȵıԵӣڻ䣬ֻǹڰˣԶԶĿ̨սѣȻҸһţʵȫûн
˵ʱͻȻɫһ䣬ħʹˣ
䣬һ£ΪڵϺħһ˵ǰ
ɨһۣһʲôأߣȰʵ㣬ѾϷɺϽɾ֮Ϻħʥأܴ½ϷڽܳΪӦøеҲǣ
ǣʹߴˣ˺ߵĴ꣬һ˵
ĵͷʲô׼ڣʱͻȻҵĹâ
ţˣ
һǰ£ϺħܲѪϴ֮󣬾ϺħӴϺӻصֲѣںϱ׷ɱЩ죬ɺʹõĵһЩ
ʱ򣬴ĹâͻȻһڹֱʣ涼Ϊ֮𶯡
ɫһ䣬˭ô󵨣ȻΪ˽ʡһʱǿмٴؿܻᵼ´٣һ£ʧ󣬵Ǹһ˺Ϊ
дŭһĨֽ䣬һ˳ǹ׼ļһ
Ȼâгһɫ԰׵ĺӡ
󵨿ͽɡ߻˵һ룬ӲĿ˺һʱ䣬һŤ˸ӵƴͼ
󡭡󡭡󡭡ϣ
ȫˣΪϺħӣߵȻʶ޻ûˣҲ޻Ļ
ǰӵƺɲΪҲ֤޻ɣ
ôᡭųϲôôֲѵ˵Ѿɱˣ
תʯһһںǼƷŵ߽гϡĳνסˡ
ϺħΪ⣬ΪգÿһնһǴֻһǾϺһˡ޻
ѵ޻ȴ˵еȻǰ
Ҫ֪ƽʱ߶ûʲôο޻ɵǿߣ˵ȫ˵ˡ
ֻ۾һۣоڷĵͷϺһˣоֻվ޻ǰܸеѹôƺ޻ˣ
ƷŵڶӣǺߣע⵽޻ϵ˺ۣһһѪģʣղ޻һս
˭ܸ޻ս̶ֳȣ
޻֮һŵҩ˵תһƣ
¡
ķѣ
ĿһĻЩɵˣڸ
󡭡ϣ㡭߲ΡΡ˵

޻һȣһֱӱˣ޻һ˦
Ϊɢ忪Ŀ罫߰˸ƷߴöᣬΪģѪӿˡ


749 ޻֮
˭ҡ⡭⵽ôһ£
߻ͷѪղ޻һǳ⣬⻹޻ûж̫Ԫֱܽߵ÷顣
ôҲ벻ף޻ʲôôżΪʲôҪ˴ѵ׷ɱ
Ǻô룬Ҳðͷ
ˣתǿмٴ󣬻ٵֻ뿪ȷʵ׷ɱӣôأ
Ϻ˭׷ɱ޻
иոð뷨Ѿٵ˵Ĵ󣬾Ȼ
⡭⡭
ߵɴ˫ۣѵҪͨⲻܰѾˣôɴ֮ͣǰѾ͵ģʧڿռУռ籩˺Ƭ
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ɫ䣬ԲʮﷶΧڵԪȫ۹γɿֲ磬һĿĹâ𣬴һһӡ
ڴͣ
һ˫۾ɵöҪˣƷҲǳɵˣʱѤõĹâ۷壬ǿһĻ
ʮԶռ䷢Ťһ죬غɫĳǹƾճ֣˺Ѳһ㽫ռ̴ˣ
һ̣һ˺ռһһ˸ߵѷ죬һ£ĴݵĴӿռѷ̤Żϵ磬ֳֺɫǹսһ㣡
ǡ
ȫˣ󶼱˻ǿɴͣԼٿռͨһǹ˺ѿռ䣬̤
⻹𣡣
ȻֻΪҲʶ㲩δ˵˭˺ѿռ䣬Լٿռͨա
ѵǿߣ
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ʮ꣬˺ѿռ䣬Ĵ̫ӵ
Ĵ̫ӣҲûʵɣ
Դҳһ࣬ںߣͷǰȻıʣܴпһЩϤӰӣƺǡ
֣ɨһۣƺЩȣܿջĿ⣬ЩСŲһչسɴ磬Ծ˵ٶȷԶֱ׷޻ȥ
Ŀһ̤Ǽľ룬˲һ뿪˳ɵˣʲô
˲ơԼûɣ
ǡˣŮ鶯촽꿴Լٵӣôʵ
ֱ·

ͻȻ˵дһ˿;

Ŵ͡
ǰķ򣬷׷޻ȥѵ޻Ǳ׷ɱųӣ
ǺߣҲʶһ㡣
޻ɺĸ£ôᷴ޻׷ɱ
ŮסС죬һֱ˵ŲһˣŮ֪ԭѾԼԶǿ
ϢıţҪħʹ֣죡ͻȻԪ˵
Ȼһˣ׷ɱ޻ĻôϺħҲûκδˣζţϺսҪʤˣ
ʤ
Ʒŵ߶ɵˣһңԶۣԴħ۹һ֮սʱӭľһһʧܣʤѾüΪİ
ƷŻ㱨ţϺħĺͬҲ⣬뾡콫ϢϺħֲ
һĹ򣬼ȼϢ糱ˮһӿˡ

㣡ٷе޻ٶ׷ɫ䣬ôܣѾȥ˴ô׷ģ
޻޷ôģѾȫⷶ롣
һﲻֳֺɫǹֱ׷޻ȥ
ԽԽ
޻׳µľѪ֮Ѿþ˳֮£ٶȱ޻޻ԽԽࡣ
ʮ


Ѿ˿ԳֵķΧˡ
㲻Ҫң޻һŭ𣬶ʱǹˣ
һǹ̳ռŤȵķ֮ױעսһǹ磬᳤죡
죡
¡
޻ǿеһУһ𣬿һѪʱԪɣս
ħ۵ĴܣɱңԶòЩ
ħ۵ܣ΢΢һЦ޻֮ǰѾ˵׷ѰĶܿڱвĵѣħ۵˵ȻеֵҲˣԶԶȲɱҵջȥɣ
ǳ֮
һǹֱռ䱻˺ˣԲΧԪ궯ԪһϸСƬǳ֮һת޻Ϊģ
ܲĵĽ֣
Ѫ֮
޻ҧ⣬ٴ³һھѪڣ̵ҲֻоѪ֮ˣȻһھѪո³һ룬޻һȻ
ŶþѪ޻Ѿ˵ıԴ֮֮΢£־;Ϯ޻һѪѾ˵

ʽһͻȻֹ޻ҲֿΪģԪɵƬһ𣬱ը޻ҽһȾѪƲһ㵹ɳȥ
ղŵһ޻ദ𣬾ϣ
Ƶɱ⣬ʱʵҲɣ޻Ļͺ׷ɱˡ
죡
·˺յһǹնת£һǹ޻üġ
һ̣޻ӲŤת壬ҪȻͬһ𣬱һǹ˺£ȾѪֱת׷ɳȥʱĿռƬ˺⣡
ȻһȻ޻Ѿ;ƿݣǱȻˡ
һתŲȽ˲޻һǹֱ޻ġ

Ѫ䣬ɫǹ˺޻ĻԪ֮У
ۣ
޻ֻؿһɫǹ͸޻壬Ѫܵǹд޻ؿ̽
޻ȾѪǹУ۾ɵùԲһֻ̣һԶȥˣʵסǹУɫҰף촽һǹ̴Ĳ޻壬Ұġ
ǹһתעսԪɵһ޻壬һ̣޻һһ㱬ը
Ѫµ֣һۣɽҰ֮С
ˣ
³һʱ䣬޻һܵľ֣ڳΪԼǹ꣬һһֱв˵ϺħҲΪʷĳ
Ϻħս죬ǻһţʣµЩѾֵһˡ
޻
ĬĬ֣˵ڰֵ֮˶Լ˵ֻһС˵ȴԼбǵһˡ
Ϊսʤˣ
Щľ겻ѣǹŷ֣Լ˹ڡ
һ޻Ȼ˹ڤڤ֮еɺϾһַ̣Ҳƺʾһֻء
˹ѾûʲôҹҼǵˣûؾСǧˣĸõȼ˰ɡ
ţϺȥ


750 Сǧ
׷ɱ޻Ϣ糤˳һܿʹ򣬶˵κβͬѰϢǺϢ괦ϺħӰ֮£Ҫϣ
֮ǰ檣ϺħһϢܣȻһΡ
һһǹǿգԽʮ׷ɱ޻Ϣʵ̫ˡʵʵ˲ܲɡ
ϢƹȡĴŴģֻһССĴ
ĸǰ޻ΣڵϦôһʱ䣬׷ɱ޻ʮ
᲻ϺħųĻʵѾ޻ɱ޻ųϢʹֶϺħֲһ򾡣
ףôڷƹȣչƼԼĸ׵
չƼǰһˣһ˵̫ˣҲϺħµ壬㲻ôΪ
չƼҡҡͷ˵Ϊ棬ҷоģϢαģֻ˵޻˲ˣϧԼαϢϢЧô
˵ͷ˵ô˵Ǿ䣬ֽվסһгˮʯҵȻҲϣϢġ
޻˹ɽսڹֻһ΢Сطڸû˿һĻ
صϺҲħָ£ˮ档
峤ʮѹƲһľѾ˺ۡ
˼˫飬صľһһ೤˿ڣʹ˺
˿ֲ˿ڣĺˮгĸ֮ãҲֻоǿǿȣܿˡ
ЩҪСʱˡ
ţԾӴ˵ιʳҩ˭ҲιֻвʳȻָ
Ϻޱȣ޵Ŀ޷ͳƣֲθڡ
ʳһЩ߼޵ĻܹӿٶȣںҪоڣѶܵõõİã˺֮ǡ

ʱھ֮еСǧ磬ŮΧһֻɫĹ͹ֻ͹Ƚߣβִֶ֣һָͷ࣬źɫëһ˫۾Сֺڡ
ë͹Ȼħˣ֮⣬û֪ħĴڣֻħⱾͲסįӣȥһȥС꣬ħ˾Сǧ磬һֻû˼㾭ܿǻˡ
С죬㲻˵ִҪôô
ڹ͹ǰһʮ˾ŮЩħһɫȹپ£ò
Сð
ħ⼫ƣСȫë֪ĸѾͷһʱ𣬿ʼС죬ޱȡСֺܿʹˣҶôУƾ͹ࡱӦýԼǡħʥҴһ߳Ƶġ¼Ϊ֤Ǹû
ħΪС족ּԼȻŮΪħ͸ԼӢûа磬׻ëӺܶ˷ЦڽСԽԽˡ
СˣĺִܼʲôʱȥĶˣĸ£ʲôȥˣ
Ҷ˵һˣҪС죬Ҫħʥʥյʱүүүү̥أ
ˣʥøЩһʶСӦþͿˣĸȥһطٺ٣˵Ҳġ
ڻ޻Ǿ𣿡
ħЦһʵԽȻ޻ƨʥȫʢ״̬ʱ޻ȼСǾϰʥģһֻצСӣȻȱʥ껹кܴ࣬ҲǿԸͷˡ
ħ⣬˵ģǧһվһ˫Ŀħ⣬Ȼħܴ꣬ǧȴܸеħĲͬѰȷʵӵǿָӾͻȻô˵ܿġ
սʤ޻ҪսʤֻҪܿ⣬ôǾͿؽ˵ϺսҲ
ȻʥʲôʱƭˣĻСٹһӵʱͻˡ
һӡС죬˵ģ۾һ˵СǧһһĶʱ
˽ˣô
ףԤϵĻ찡ħŹ°˵ͬʱһ£ʮҵĺڷСǧУ΢Ц

ִ磡
ǧ϶޾ľϲ⼸޻ھ֮⻢ǳܵѹܴ󣬶ӰħҲֻ˵ĵˡ
ڿǶϲֻֻǧһˣ˽Ļ˶ڣȴ˼ôˡ
Ҹĸأʵ
ĸܺãСҲܺãشָĸͲ֪淢飬úɣԪҩͰָĸЩҩ֮󣬿ʮ꣬СȻֻ꣬ҲʼøҩҺϴ壬Ժϰʿ϶ˡ
ʦܣ޻أǧʵƽһķͬʱҲȲҪȷǷӵп޻˵ĸһֱǧеʹһ첻ؽ㲻İ
޻ɱˡ
һ仰˵ǧֱסˣҲǴģ֮ǰħ˵ǿԸ޻Ҳû뵽޻ɱ
Ϻս˵ڡ̫ʵϺһ˵޻ôˣ
ִ磬˵ģ
ţ˹ֽҶˡ˵ţӻȡһöͭɫĽָ
ǧ㶵Ľӹ֪һɨȫסˣָ޻СϹħ򣬺ʣ޻ֽˣ
ǧöָ۾ģˡ
޻ˣ
Ϻսʤˣ
ˮһſŵĹ䣬ǧ̲סһ±סȫˣлллл㣬
֮䣬˵ллġǧˮʮϢʱ䣬ǧŻָϲȥʦ㲻ڱչ׼սأû뵽ٹ죬Ϳؽ˵ˣ
˵Ȼ𣬵ǾڣŵĸؾҲټؽ˵һ׵顣
ʱһŹʣͿʮͷķ˹ĸĸ
һϲ
ĸԽԽᣬãгУȥ׷Ѱ֮·ûаź
ˣĸһϲ֪Щ췢飬ΪֻСǧбչأ񿴵ӳˣȻˡ
ǻûЦĸǧꡢվӣȴַˣĻ£ʼһ¡
ʮһˣýˡ


751 Ϻħ
Դ޻֪¹ȥˡ
˲顣
׷ɱ޻ʮϢңǶǲţȻʱƣּ󶼱Ϣģʮ֮󣬾˵Ͽգ˵֮ϣԭ˵Ӿʼĵؽţ
ۿ˵½ȺһһĽϺħȴȫûи˼򣬱Ų
ַ֮һøĿ顣
ǾǡϺħֲɢˣ
ħӸеļСţеȥһ˵Ĺһҹ֮䣬ټϺħһݵȻ壬ټѾʵϺħ򱾲ϺħʱѾ߽ˣ
ǧϺħôûˣ
ŶòţһʥصţǴħ۳Ǹھǧ֮ãǿϺħһֱͳϺôһҹ֮һּȲʵĸо
ֱһ
֮ڵ˵ǵõһĿɿڴϢ
޻ˣɱġ
Ҫǰʮƽ˵
˵ʲô
ڵվԴҺģһʱûӦ˵Ļζʲô
޻Ϻսˡޱظһ飬ȻƽȻȴƽϢʱͬޱȣ֪츳죬Ҳġ
ɱ޻죬Ŷʮһɣ
֮ǰŴ÷з˵׷ɱ޻ʮܶ˲ţھһ˵ϢףȻֱӰ޻ɱˣ
׿˵ټЩ췢飬¾ųɾˣ
ʮһ꣬Ϊɱɣɸжǿٵأ
̲סðµʡ
ݹܴ½ʷ׿ǰʷհڲ㣬ʷصйʮһڣھͻɱɡ
ĵȣ⣬ںϣգܴ½һţͬʱҲԴﲻ̶ֳȡ
޻Ϻһˣɱ޻ԺϺһˣ
µַɣϺʵ޻ԺǱǵλߵˣ㿼Ҳܸ·ƽƽ
һɣʵʮ񣬳ưԴ꣬ʵƷţʵʷжϺħǿ
Ǵµһɣǰڵ˵ǶҪĴڣڣĵλȴй֮޲
ʱ򣬱˵ǽһСӡֱǶûˡ
·ƽƽϺһˣЩ˵ʲôˣôȥڽͻΪܴ½һˣ
аζӵţӵĽչƼ伸ſ˵ȴʼ޷ƽзΣĲѾ޷ˡ
λʲôûʲôµĻƾͲˣ˵ؽҪ
һ仰ˣʵݼһչƼ䣬װʶļӣ뻹ûпڴ
ڣ뿪ǵ뿪ɱ޻ϢҲ糱ˮһ㴫ˣ
ڡ̫ĲĸƷƷСŶܡ𾪵Ϣ
ȵĵӣǾ͸˷ˣֻҪ䣬س񺣣ǿǷǿߣܴ½ϹҲϰ˵Ĵ˵ڣ
һķǿߣڲõĽǶﴵ꣬뵱꣬үүһǿͬţ
ҲΪӵżͷܶĿ꣬ŮĽ󣬴Ҷǲ䣬ܳΪϺһˣȴձ춼Ȼ֪ﲻǵȸ߶ȣٲܲô󣬷ܶ㲻ɹҲڽڡ

ʮ֮Ͻ֣һģʮ˵СС
ˣĺˣɰ
һŷϽεˣŻһ޵ӤڵϾͿʼͷ˵ǰһ£ֺɴŮףһ˫ϸĵ۾Ȼںɴ֮УܿüȻһˡ
ŮʰԼҽĵߣĿһǰͷѵϽˣޱ˵Ҹҩˮռɡ
˵գŮһֻ֣һһ̣ͱͳŮӵ
ɣɰϲ飬Ůȶ˰
˱Żĺһߣһߴţ߼Ů׵ĸͷ
֮УŮʲôûκα顣
ʱһϵͻȻ𣺡ѵԺһֱЩȼˣô
ŮײɫĽҿɴ¶һ޵Ϻħ檡
ҡͷû壡
㻹˷ѹ
ҡͷҴӳڣһжΪϼϺħϺħϼɢһֿ壿
һʣȻȷʵЩҲû塣
ĵ̾Ϣһֵ޻Ϻħʮ˳ϣֻʣҶˣЩɱ˵ţϣҲʮգڡ̫Ĳͻ׷ɱϺħӣҡ
ǧһΣǧ˵ʲôأȻѲңұУһİ֮ѡ
˵ﳤɴϺƽ٣Ϻħ٣Ѿ̬䡣
İ֮Ϊǰɱôˣ˸־Ϸ˵Ҳû壬ϷȥһɽչǱޣȻ֪񺣣Ҳϣܶɼɣڶ֮ʱҲнʱ־֮̽·ɶɽ֮УҲˣ
檣һԺԵټˣףˣ˵ƮȻȥյֻʣ´ƶ
һֱδתĬĬ˵ڣףˡ

ʱţתۼ䣬¹ȥ˵彨ȫؽ깤ܶҲ֮УĵӶص˵Ͼס
ʱȴһòٵ⣬Ǿǡɻ顣
£ĸੲݵ£ĸȻľͳɾͣҲһ£עԽԽߣԽԽԶ
Ժܼʱ䲢࣬һ뿪뿪ʮ֮ҲΪ棬£ĸܲҪһ
ɣʵԭΪԼע¶֮·ԸĸĻΣĸ׺Ȼ޷ܾ
ңôҲľͷЩֿĸҲܵĵǸһˣҲԼϣġ


752 飬
򣬳ǡ
һȽϴĳˣֻΪһƷŵıڡ
ǰЩ꣬ΪϺħ֣˥һЩ߶ѾǨˣ޻֮ٴη
ʱڳһµľ¥֮Уһ̸ţ˵˵ٵٹһ¾ʹˣ˵ַǷܶҪﶼȥˣһƷŵŲȥֻȥƫģ
ƷŵֻȥƫһߺžƣЩпǳƷųڣƽʱǼǼѼһ棬ǿ˲ˡ
Ǹղ˵˭飿ڼ۵ʱһƾ
ѭȥȴھ¥һµĽУһɫۣͷϽڵŪžƱߣȻòŮ㣬һǸСá
ȳһ˵ķӦǼʺͲˬˣһðײ˶֮Ļ
⼸Ҳ⣬Ϊ׵ĳڵЩ͵˵˵ٵ飡¸¡
ɱ޻֮죬Ҳû˸ֱ䡣
һʼǳ˵ʥӣִ֪֮࣬˭ʼٵۣžôˡ
ǿ϶ҪʳƵ۵ģһٵ۵ҲС
ԭˣȻӱݷˣ֮ǰڴʱţһ·ɽˮ򣬱˵Ϣ
ٵۣȻԳٵۣݷߣһѾߴŮˬ˵үֳƺһƷСųԳٵۣ̫˰ɣ
ţڵ۾һɣЩԸˣʲôвһƷСųƷźܲӡߣ֪ʲôٵŲԳƵģ߹ϵģٵᣬ޻츳ھŽ񣬳ƵǱȻ飬кβף
СѾƲƲ죬˵߹ϵΣȫ½ķǿ߾ųɼĴ򲻹ܴ½ڶкͨһ⼸ǧǿ𣿡
СѾߵһ䷴ʣüڵ޻˵ˡȷʵѾܾûгǿˣǧǰڤʵҲˣǴӱģ⵹ܴ½ͨ򣬶ѳǿߣҲˡ
ʼкܶ࣬Ƿǿȴ٣ҪΪܶῡ˲ĻԵټ㣬ŽʼŵУǵʳƵۻкԶľ룬һ·δԵ˾ͺǱľֹɡ
ĺܶ࣬ҲһСľٲɾ񺣣ء
Ͼĵ̣СѾһ仰˵ܶ߶ԸˣǷ׷վˣ
һʱ䣬СѾ߳ʸ֮ġ
һĻݷ˸λĪСѾ߲£˵ѣ𼤶
ݷһⲻǵĻ˵ЩվҲøһСƽˣ׷˻ȥ
ѾŮʮƣԪҪЩļһǵǸһָܰǶſ£
ݷüһ˵۸Щʲô˼˵ӦͦȤģȥ档

һº˵
޻˵ؽϣ飬ܴ½ϲ򣬸ɼǿ߼յ˵
һδϻһֲٰģ˵ʥŮԭһ£ټΪϺһˣᣬǰ;
ʢ£ȻҪúòٰһˡ
һգ˵Ͽձɫϼ֣еǲɫƣżһȸͨƼ䴩󣬵˼ɾ
֮ϣɲľҲ󷨵֮ͬʱţһʱ䣬˵ˣҰϼʹ֮У¥޾λеľɫ
Ϻյɼ߻ûвģ֮£Ҳ˵Ʒ֮ϣҲи
£кܶûʲôߣûŵߣЩҲܶ಻ʶһǧһʢ䡣
˵ǧһҲ˿ţķͷҲֻǧǰڤܹʤһ£˵ڶ̶֮ڣƼߣһڳ֮С
Щߣ˵Ҳ߲ܣϻΪ˸䣬רŽ˼ԲĻã˵Ϊλ䣬ǲ
ڳ嵽
ƹȸչ쵽
״ӻ̵

˾һıñ͵֣˵ǣһ̧ͷȴһצۣϵϽˣһֱһòװŮӣЦ˽
һħ۹ʱⷬӵұӣħߣ˵к󹬼ǧһò绨һʣЩŮŵһСĻ֮Ů

΢΢ȭ
һ޷Űϴħ۹֮йȥ꣬㻹ֻһ۵Сת֮䣬㾹ȻϺһˣ˼飡
ʱգȻȥ׷ħ۹ˣ˵飬ʱ䣬Ϊ󾳽磬˵ǿžˡ
Щﵽٲ˺񣬸ƷƷԪʯĵرﲻĳ
ϻһһӦţ˵ʢипǧ
µɿպشʦ
֮һҪһɣüֻ֮һ飬üûǿպطɣһɵĸ֡
պشʦ
ֵõɮһֱмӣħ۹֮У˵üɻ˵ƾɸϺħ
ʩڣսɣպǰ;պشʦ˫ֺʮһš
ʦˣ룬רΪʦһиɮ׼ի
̫˵
ɽ˵
ӡݷ絽
ڻֳ˾Ǹñ͵ԵݣʱҲĵðˣֱӣ˾ǿһ£ӣļٵģ
˵ĿҲ˾һѭֻĴſڣһ۵ӣһСѾߺһСãֳһ˽
ӣĴ
۾ݷΪӦڣԼΪһᣬӦѾʮˣȶľȺҪ
Ĵ̫лӣӵļҪ̫ӵһЩҲ֮û츳Ļ޷лӳƺŵġ


753 Ů
ӣ
ڳߵĿ⼸ȫݷϣĴܴ½ߴڣĴСɽԱȴС
ô˵ڴѾǶ֣ԳĴ񺣴ܲǶ֣Գ
Ĵʵһ󾳽硣
ҥ̫Ĺǲ̴ŶǰȥݻᣬλĲɼһˡ
ݷ磬²̫ӣֻһӣҲ㹻ˡ
һ䲻ԤݷʵҲģĸ֪һԷΪ׼ȷ˵ڶ壬ѾˣҪ߳ҸΪʵӦǿһϸµʵʵǶ٣Ҳ˵á
˵ӣһҲɡ
ȻϹŷ嶼ʶ˵Ӳûʲôرоɫ糣Ķݷ籧˱ȭ˵û뵽ĳĴܹĴĻӵãʵڱҡ
ĳֻǡ棬ѾϺһˣ棬ĳƽϲύӢ㲻ˣðֺ֮
ֿˣӴݹ٣ԡ
ݷһάţݷԣһѾߴŮȴ죬ĵø֪̽еˡ
óȻԸ֪̽˵ʮֲòΪɫֻϢŮĸ֪ԹԵӭӱ͡
ŮΪû̫̽ණ̽ľвϲϢͷųֻţû©û˸оƵ
ʱ֪ϵϵСѾȴȻһɫ΢׵ĺ˼Ѫһӿ
ֺˣԿ˰ɣҶ˵ˣܻɱ޻ΪϺһˣȻмֱµģôĶ֣ղŵʽû´ĻһǼΪѵõҶûС
ݷаԾֻ¶һ֣رʽ
ΪСѾƲƲ죬˵ʲô˲ģȻûǶԷϵѾ˼ߵĳ̶ȣǿɱö̫࣬ӵڷ涼أ
˵Ϻһ˶ѣһսҲõϺһ˵šڻɱ޻Ҷˣһսû˿˭֪޻ǲһɱģҲ˰أֻȦװ޻޻ûдŵôдȶҾǲһСС߾͸ԳٵۣӶôԳأ˵ӣ㲻Ǹһ֪֪Ĵ
ݷ۾һףûĵСѾͷ߰˳ʲôأ޻ӦòˣҲܶԸ˵ģҲ֪ǲǶɱ޻ô˵϶мʵҸӮ˱ҲңӦõģҪˡʵֿԸ󡪡ҾͶ˶ˣסǽ԰ʳѵģܵģ
ĽȻޣڳ߶ǺεȻвע⵽ˡ
ڴһǣߺһ裬ЦǸ̫ӵСѾƺܲأ
һԣľȺǿɲСѾߣҲڣҸ˵ӵļȶˣֻѾߵģְˡ
㿴ôʵ
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ΪʵҪӰأľȺԽսһŶԣͬһţС綼ǺԽĺ蹵
ݷ֮ǽӶĴﵽݷһȣЩ˾Ȼʧɫˡ
ڴ伴ʼʱ򣬵һбע⣬ߺȻۺԳһ塣
ǰۺԳһΪ˵õ裬޻׷ɱɺ
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ʱɱΪʮ׷ɱ޻û˵ϱۺԳһ峤ӹһ١
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ȻﺦԸҲòǸôǰҲᵱġ
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ۿϻ֮ԴۺԳ峤ĶڵѪֶǱۺԳһ˵ȻҲǷǳ
ǱۺԳһˮϵϵ֮ԴȻãҲһˮϵ֮ԴֻΪ֮Դϡ٣ʱ䶼ûܶһȥˣڰ֮Դø˵ۺԳһ峤á
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һɫڳĮʥؼˣһƷŽ棬ѾǺܸӣԷȴôߡ
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ǶΪһһڴӦ£֮ԴϾʱȴһɫ׳ĪҪƲԳԷƣ


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Խս£µԽսĶҲ֮ӣʱǰСĲ඼Խ
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ݷŪӣʵע⵽ߡľȺͷˣȻǷ֮ʵȴ֪Ǵ壬֮൱죬Ϳ֪ΪȴȻսҲһˣ
ȻݷѾߣʵŮ츳ȻӲҲû١
ߺȥ˵ǰ㳡׼չֵļƣΪ֮ݸһԭͱʤһ֣߻һ壬ʱԽ׶൱ǿߡ
Ϊռƣ߱츳ֽڶľȺҪ۸ˡ
ڱͷ׷׶һսʱѾˡ
ԭ˲ߣȻֵĽȴĿɿڴУ߾ʹɢķ
ԭĸִܵԷͿԼٵӣ⻹ˣ
вȫԸȻȴܵĸ죬ߵΪȫλѹУɣʤѾˡ
ⳡϵսնʱΧߵ˷׷ۣû뵽ٰ˫ӢƼ
֮ĻصԼλԭ׼ϳͷһ벻ɨûͷ
˵㲻ҪСˣݷЦ磬ԭͲµ߼ȻϳǾһǶԼʵģҲ벻Է׵սʤ
㻹˵ˣ治֪ŮĳʲôϳģСţоԼһˡ
ŮȷʵΡݷҧҧӵȽǣ۾йâ⼸ѣһԼСӢۣŮѾӵļˣҲǵС
֮⣬ݷҲʼߵ˹עˡ
ǺǣôľȥĴˣ³һޱȵӣԶľȺԪ˵ⳡԣпǶľȺ⣬Ϊ˴ͷΪȥĴ̵档
ĴῡƼľȺȥĴȻҪʶЩˣдУ˲ܽҪʶЩˣǱչ¶ʵС
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ҲȥĴʶһҪЩӡ
δѾ˹滮ҪѧҩѧһܣǶڣûԽԽԪҪս飬ҲҪ֮أʵͻƿ
ҲǺܶܶӵһЩܵԭ򣬸οŶݼףҲȷʵҪҩ壬ȫָԵõȻʵ
ҩҪĲϣӵͼϵĵرʮַЩһСС롣
ҲµֻȥĴˣǴԼ·ҲĴֿġľȺ΢΢һЦ˵
˾ʵѾˣʵĲҲע޷һȥؾδؽˣȥؾܲȤ
ţãλ䣬Ϊľּˣ

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ϣԼ»鶴УʱһµǧԧϷˮĴϣѾȺʱˣǧߣͭϸױš


758 ҹ
ãҵ𣿡ǧ٣
ûأܺõġЦ»֮ҹһŮһʱǧȻϣԼһչֳʱ̡
ʱ˽Ųתͷһ
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ǧס֣£ʵǧʱҲܽš
ǧꡢڸ鷽棬ǵһΣȻʵ츳Ը飬ȥŮģȴ֪
߲Ʒ԰ȥֱն˼ǡ
ǧꡢ֮䣬δ˵һ䡰Ұ㡱ϲ㡱֮ĻҲδ硰޸Ұɡӡ֮ĳŵ
Ϊ˲ڿԣһЩڼң״ϲ󱯡
֮ˣȫͶ뵽֮Уϵ־֮£̹ģҲӰȥĵز
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֮ȷʵճŵ˵һ仰ǡһȥɱˣ
Щû˿Ů֮ǣһݼᶨţηԼԳеľȻ
صǧļ䣬ȴŮ֮Ϊһʱ˵֪ٵ¶벻ֵĺɽҪ̹ĵö࣡
ΪʧȥŨʹϲжǧǡ
ĲܻǧѾĻ뿪ǲƵ磬г֮󽫺֮һһɱȻػ磬飡
ĸ飬ʵڲҪЩʵΡ
˵Ǿ͸ˣѪɷ֮ʱȸϵӰԼǴѪ֮ǹâѾ㣬ӡ֮Уǡ
ϲҸж޻ڣһݸͬʱӵЩʲôأ
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ƽ飬ͬһָж޾иеܰҸųɱ֮ҵһԼİĸ塣

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ĬĬĵͷһۣĿǧϣѾȥô
ΪϹŷĴڣȥһҪͻ񺣣ֻҪǧԸ⣬ǿһȥġ
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һԼ龰࣬ڶŮһΣǶȻܵˡڷ֮ǰиܵĽӴ
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лŮĸоȻһȴȴĥӡΪʱоȫΪһ塣
Ҹ㡢жۡ㽡һ΢ʹĻ֮У޷˵塭

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Լеǧ꣬жС
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һʱͯĴ˫ǧϵвλӲǧܵˣһץסʹ֣ˣ
ڨڨһЦԴҲúܡ
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ҾãŮӦøħеŮһЩϵȥȥɣ
õģһȥǧ˵£һ죬ߵ˵ȴȳȥ


759 Ů֮գһ
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ȻкܶǿߵıԸȥħпһΪ̫أЩݷħеǿ𺳣
ħͬ޾Ȥ֮ǰؾϹŷҲ˺棬ڣؾյѾҿ
Ϊ˿̫֧࣬ܶǨ㵽½磬֧Ҳ⣬Ǳؾ
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廹ڣ壿
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ӵܣӳ֮ÿһʱ䣬ͻһܵʹĥͨĸоϵӡĳɳʹļ϶ԽԽ̣ʱҲԽԽֱʹֻ߱ɱ
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ٿŮжһ˿η֮ģһļ壡
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ʳ֮Ůȴûлش𣬷ǿĿ൱档
⣬˵ãȻش⣬ҵһĹ֮Сûйħӣֻ˵һԼ׷ʬɷĹοŮŮٻ֮ĵĴڣȫ֪Ů
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Ůֵһٳ֮󣬳ԹҾ֮½ƣūӡȴΪҵѪ֮ӡԣȫʧˡ
ҿﵽɵΪΪսֻҲԸ˵ӣʱ䣬ҾܾΪδ粽ڵˣһΪ˻ҵĹϵÿ콫ҴߣҶ෬ǻ檣תҵ뷨
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ˣŮƢԸңһҲ޼ƿʩˣһѾһƴҲǲὫŮøԼˡ
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ֻǿϧǣȻûдŮϵõ̫ڹŮϢŮʼһա


760 ľ

ǧ·֮УǧйŮڴϣӳźʣһʱʤա
ɱ޻ڣµʱȥˣЩݻܶʱ䶼ڲλҩʦҩʱ㸸ĸˣǧ֮Ů֮ҲһʮܣÿնҪԡ
Ǹǵġֽȡ鷽ˮÿһˮ֮УɫҺ壬һ㡣
ʲôǧ꿴ĵκɫҺʱĪͷһܸо⼸ҺǷ
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ԶŻ˳ǣõܼһһʮεĹŷ֮ѪǰһٵһԸֱյ
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ˣʡǧһΣԴǵʡ
ӦϴѪɷľѪǡɴȸѪĻʹ档
ŪĹŷ֮Ѫǧ٣֮ǰҲֻ˵伮пйعŷ֮ѪļأΪֻǴ˵ѣû뵽ܴ½ȴд

μǧɴһ˫֮ǰǧ˵ؾصĹߵһ벻Ȼˡ
ǣЩŷ֮ѪĽ
ӦԼյģ˵ǧҲǵͷյȻЧá
Ѿպܶˣٶ༸ҲûɶЧ˵ָָԼüĵӡǣûиоô
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ֻǾɾ磬кܳһ·Ҫߡ
ɣһ󾳽ˣ˵̥ǵḶ֮́ǰ已̥֮󣬾塣
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֮ԭ已̥֫飬ųʣÿһϸܹԪ
ˣӵߣȫҪѨͿֱղ洢ԪҲʹߵԪ߷ָҲߡ
ҲʵԾԭڡ
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֪䣬ݷԼӣĴȫ˽⣬Ĵֶвȫһڣٺòˡ˵ģǴ˵ȥĴһ·ҪССϰٸûݷĻЩɲס


761 ǰŶ
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ݷһˣ֮ǰһô˵С֮⣬һ£쳣ꡣ
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кЦʵΪһ˵һɨȥŮʵ̫ˣολĽݹӡŮװ·˶ܷˣƭùˣĽݹӡ֪ȴһװ磬ֻ֤ϲװˡ
һЩῡЩŹֵȺòΪ档
Ҳ˵ƣ˹ֵ԰СʦĽݹӣһᡣ
񾴣ĽݵǶѵõĲһݺøУҲǹֻ񣬶Ҳ˫ֺʮһš
ֵܣȥĴǻ򣬽ݡȻ;῿󣬲ҲҪ;еһ֮ãϣԱǣɿ羰ɱչ
ݷ۱һ۴ʮڲװ޷ǳݻζľƳɣŸϡƤ̡䣬ԻȻݷⷽ滨˲˼
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ʵһԶʵŶʹұ˲٣ҪΪûʲôزԴħΪڲҰֳɱ֮ʵ㲻ʡ
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΢΢һܵļУҲвٹľĵ̡ľƷȵȵؼ䣬Щ䣬ҲֻǴϾһĶΪûʲôֻܹҩļ䡣
ֻû뵽еḷܴ̌½ҲС
ɣϻ˴Ǯµģһǰҵ̵ˣ
ݷ˵Ժҫ˼ȻΪϲ
ʱһгڽݷ磬˽ԶʵԪʯľ飬һʵϳġ
̧ͷһ˵ǡĽݹӡаЦԪʯһֱԪʯõþʯһƷԪʯļֵһ鼫ƷԪʯ൱ˡ
ݷԭҫЦݶʱסˣĽݼСӣ㲻̨
ߣϳ˸ԪʯԴģǹģĽԡ
˭˵ľͲˣľ̡Ʒô󣬾ΪЧΪԽ棬þԽ㶮
ݷ⻰˵õǲľȷʵĺö
ľҩ֮⣬ԱֱΪľжľϵԪԳľϵߣľǱˡ
ôȲҩҲľ֮ԪԵߣõľΨһ÷ǽߣö֮ľŨľ֮Ԫͻߵˡ
ľԭʯֲڶ򣬴߼ȲҲԸľ̼ղŻģֵԽԽʱֻΪḻ̌ΪľЩֵƵĶ
ٽƱ磬ҪĻһԭʯЧһģһԼֵһϳġĽݲӣʮ˵
ˣ㡣ݷһƽϵı飬תֵֶҪϲľĻǴȥһЩпۣ
ݷȻľгر˽⣬߰˸ľУϸеȱ㣬һ֮ͨƵԼһ档
񹤾ϸһǰĵ̴ʦ֣֮ģжʮʷĹźľ񣡡
ľԽãƷʾԽãֵҲȻԽߣľиԣǾԪеľϵԪȻľҲʧɢһЩԪɢٶȴȲٶһ˿ԽõľӵľϵԪԽ
˭ģźľҲûȤ֪ȴԿ϶ݷеľʮݣҲ˵ݷ类˿ˡ
ʮݵľֻжʮľֵ֮һ
ʵҲ֮£ľݺжϣḻҩʦп۵ʱ򣬶һЩ˵ʱľ񶼷ֲ壬һЩȫľϵԪʯټһЩľĩѱľ
֣Ǽľԭʯܷתøң˵ݷ类ӵ飬ѰľͺãοԼ˵ݷҲδš
ҪԭʯΪҪԿ¯ҩѧҩѾܳʱˣżһЩҪľĵͼҩ֮⣬δԹ߼ҩơ
ֵҪЩԭʯУݷˬĴӦˣϲľϲḷ̌ԭʯݷԪʯĸһġ


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ֵܲǴѧϰҩɣݷ翴ľϵߣôҪľܾܿΪϰҩˣһߵһ֮ѧϰܾܳݷھ󷨡
ȷд⡣
ݷ֣Ǹѧҩɣһʼʹľ񣿡
ǺЦһûжԡ
ݷ˼ԼŶʮһͣѧϰҩ϶ûʱ䣬ҩֶҪۣҩĳɹʺܵͣɸ߼ҩǰΣľʮֹأ̫ݳˡ
ݷ֪ȫ̳ҩʦļ䣬аɡ飬ҪֻǽڻͨƵͼҩĳɹѾʮֲˡ
˵õľҩʵ̫̫١
֣ҪǷҪԵĻҿһ顣Ŀľԭʯݷ˵ҲǼֵƣ˵;һԶȫ˵ġ
ǰԭ۰ɡǷݷ顣
һѣݷ绹˵Ŀľļ۸һ˵ҲǰľһԪʯ
һԪʯֵһ鼫ƷԪʯ࣬൱һٶƷԪʯԪʯҲڶƷԪʯʱȥƷڵıأʮħ龧һЩҩ֮⣬ƷԪʯ߰ǧţۺϳƷԪʯ
һƷŴڱеԪʯľһģƣݷ籨ۻﱨġݷ˵Ī˵ƷԪʯƷԪʯû̫ˡ
ã٣޻ֽټƷԪʯݷ磬ΪԪʯ򲻳Լ޻ҲûʲôԪʯֻмƷԪʯ
ټƷԪʯһȥһ£ЩδһԪʯı޻ĲƸһˮʮ֮һ
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ѵҪǿħ֮ǣ
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ҩʦµļʮ漰ҩɾ鸴ޱȣԶ֮ǰӵö࣬Ϊô࣬ѧϰҩǰˡ
һҩʦҪķѴԴܴ½ϵεҩʦȫھŶԭǾŶԴƲƴ֡
׿Ŷ޷ҩʦһԴ̫󣬵òʧҲû㹻ҩʦС
ҪѧϰҩȾŶҩʦҪ֪߳ٸ
˵ŶһҩʦҪķһٽľôѧҩͿҪķǧľˣ⻹̳ҩʦĻϡ
ҪƵԿŶݼסǵʥҩõĲ϶һĵرľҪ󣬲ҪҪܵļУһЩҩҪõݣǧݵļƷľ
ЩѾ˾Ŷҩʦⷶˡ

һºһ˾˴ССĴܴ½¸֮ȻȫһƬĸڡ
ѾٽĴˣЩȻʵԭУĴѾޱȣʥأѾڻĮϷ˺üˣ˻ĮǻĮ
ûѾٽŶˡݷµ뷨˵ҪСµƬĮطéݣٹȥһĮҲǸһĵ̣éǸӣ˱Ұĵطԭľ񣬶ҲܾŶĹϽ
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ݷһЩ£пΪƬɳĮս˲֪Ѫ˭Ҳụ̂ܶųΪһƬ֮ˣ̾ᣬкܶľĽ׵ص㣬ľŵ񡢹ƷӦоУЩֳȥǾǴʵԪʯ
ľ̡ƷһҪǧʷҪֲ֮ݷνĹŵ񡢹ΣЩҩʦƬкܶؼ䣬ʵҩʦԼһľ̴ʦḻ̌Ҳܶҩʦרעȣٲ̶ֳϾꡣ
ҩʦԼҲղ˴Ĺŵ񡢹ΣȻЩƷҲʷеʮ꣬ʮ꣬ԶԶܴ½Ĺŵܹȵġ
֣ҽȥһطǿһõطö̫Ҵȥ۽磡Ǹطݷ˷
áڼľֵطȻܾ
ˣɲҪǸĽݣǸԼȥĽݷˡݷЩ˼һ߱˴˳ƺһĳĳֶǿݷ·Ҫֵһ㡣
һݷһɳĮеСͣһûϢãҪú˯һ˸˦Ľݣڳưƣһ۵ʯ֮С
濴ʯһƶûУֻ֮едĸ֡С
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ڷһԵʯϣһЩߣ֮ϢһԣһľӣϷŸΣдСһ߶ߣСֻнָҲ廨ţĿ
Щӵǰ棬վһͷƤñӵӣ׳˶һ̣֪ʲôƤɵķΣӷŵúܿҽֳܱС·ϵĿǽƳɣģÿһŶӤȭͷС
ַԳһҰζڻĮķǷǳ
ݷǴĵ̺Цӭӣ޹ҽ쿴ϲȵǰУԭ͵Ű̺˿֦Ҷ˵ȴĨۣʮ˿ǣ׼ʲôأ³һӣҪҪһ£
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ⲻôû뵽ڰ㣬ˣôӽ㶫ȥЦЦ˵˵ͷҲǴˡ
ݷ翴ˣ΢΢üȻӲôˡ


763 ֮
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֮Уӵѡ뷲˽粻ͬ˽ԵճΪӣĴ˭츳˭ӡ
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ݵλȻݷ˲٣˵ұǿֻܶ࣬һλ̳в˵ĺŹӣݷȴӣȻԹöࡣ
Ȼݲݷ磬ȴȫûжݷ繧˼֮ʱʶһһؾ֮УΪһݻԵ֣֮ìҲһֱڡ
ҲϲղľЩҲݷ̫ˡ
ٺ֣ôδĽݡӡ˵ĽݡӡܵúϰУȥĽݡӡҪ״˰ɣֻ֪ᱻ˼أ
Ļ֪ǸаŮװĽݹҲݷδӣҧع֣Ȼڷݷδӹװˡ
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ʱǵԲλСϢŭҶĴеһ
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λС롣̴󺺶ݷǹģȴûôӺȻǰҲݷˡ
λ㿴һº룬жӦ۸񡣡̴˵Ż˻е˽µĽ׼۸񶼲ṫĿѯҶøߣֱӸпյļ۸ֻˣҲŻѼ۸д˲ġ
ֵܣһ㿴ĶѽһǼٵģ㿴ʲôñʡóԿ
ٵģȻ
ûеǱˣһ߼治ˣЩǾżһ棬ڵ̯ģһ̯λĶûһģĶֻȥУеļ۸ɱˣ
Щû뵽ܴ½ȫһλ棬ȴ˵ƣЩľͬǼٵľӶ࣬еƷ۸̫ߣԺܶ˻ԸС깺򣬽ƵƵԿ
еĹǣԸֻԹԼ
ݷ˵̾˿ҡͷЩۣ̫ˣʵЩƷҲ۲ƣֻԹԼ׾ǰЩһľ磬ΪǰʦƷˣΪ¶ұ˼һ꣬Ż˼¶ҡ
ݷһ˵ţһø֪̽Щḷ̌ľиԣǾθ֪񺣴ܵĸ֪Ҳľ֡
ݷͷųĸֻ֪ľߣ׷ѰЩľ̽жľƷԼݣ֮⻹Ҫľĵ񹤣ÿʦԼķ񣬲ЧҲ֣Ҫɲס
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ݷ˵ţ㬵İѵ˻ȥݷ˲ӣ̲סʵԪʯ
ǧݷһļ۸񼴱ݷ縺Ҳޱȡ
ô󣡡һڿˮ֮ǰ޻µļƷԪʯҲǧ飬ȫۺϳɼƷԪʯҲӣĻҲ߰ҵˣ
һƷȨߵĲƸ
ĴһȣȻƧ
뵽ͻȻðһ뷨ݷȥأҪĵĻ٣
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۾һ֮ǰܼбԼӵĵ̼ɺͼɣԭôãܽԼԪʯȱ⡣
ܳͼٸ߼ĻͲûʱȥѰľˡ
ҩʦļ䣬ʼԱȡ
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ݷһĸƷÿһʱ䶼Сʱ
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˵֣»ɣϵЩҪôһǷƵҪôģɵü궼ûߣûµĶǳۡ
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764 
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λôҲˣȺȵɡ˵ֻ֣һ㱡ɴ׿ԼòŮӶ˲¯Ͳ豭²ߵʱŮӻݷۣǱɴУԼؿڵ졣
ЦŮǰץһѣݷۿҪߵĿעµȻؾصġ
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һֻޱȣԭҶ㱻ζˣٺȵڶھʵںȲȥˣ治һѺȡ
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ǧǰľ̶ϸһǧԪʯҾͲ˵ˣλԼɡ
˵Žľ̶ȥȿĲ̶ݣ̶ϵݡ
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γľֲƷӰľƷʵҪء
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ݷԥһ£ûпڣҪڵĻҪӼۡ
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ϣĿ⿴ݷ磬ݷûг۵˼Щʧ̶ʱ򲻹˰Ԫʯһְٷ֮ʮʵҲܲˡ
ǮףһǧԪʯ̶
ٺ٣һֻǿθˣǵڶǸö֤ϲ鿪һŮϵĺ첼һԳѪӡ
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ҲѪһּΪټľ
ܶʱ򣬶ĵرػǵޡʥޣЩǱֲŨԪػֲԱߣȴ֮һȥ
ʱᷢ⣬Ǿֲ̺Ԫ̫ǿˣػֲܲסԪĳϣ
ͬڵֲһ£һ˵ƷҲˣޱ̺;ѪǱĬ뵽ľ֮Уγɺ֮Ѫ
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ݷһһöӣѸٵļ˶ȫעΪһľղߣԽϡеĶԽܼǵȤ
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һĬĬĿţ֪͸ȥ۲ѪܾãɫӯʯƷҲߣȷʵѪ񣬿ȴʯϸܵ˵

ѪȻҲɣʮʱ䣬ܻɢǡ
΢΢ݷ˵ҿһ¡
һһҪСʡš
۾оǸ֪̽飬жϻ˵٣ָУײζľмľζԸľζжݡ
⿿͸Ҳв׼ʯӵ١
ݷСİѪӵݸʵʱ˴ʵһ̫ˬ飬Ȼݷûκ֪ľֻǿ֡
һѪӣһţѾижˣ⻬һϸĥɰУҲѪֻζһɼѪϢֶڸǵˣǰ׼Ļֱ治
ⲻѪ񣬶ʬνʬľƷĹڿУǷ븹ڣʱѪγɡ
ʬѪСپͨʬߺľϵԪָ죬ĳƷѪѱ档
ֶκټΪʬҲ࣬ʦû׼Ļᱻɹȥ
˳һʱļݷ˷ܵĹâоųɰѪģһҲ˼һʣȻޣǿٳٲϷӣҲǶˡ


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˲ԼͬĽϵһμҲһʱôƷˡ
µţëۻģȻ٣ȴû취ԲڣľںһγɵһĽɫҲٸַҲġ
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˵ǣܵһ˿ǳ֪ûͬУ
ݷһϸһ΢΢üȻһ㣬ǶƫŵʬݷҲû̫˽⣬һʱû뵽Ӧ˵ʬûʶȻ벻ˡ
һǧ壡۸ʱ򣬶ͷ΢΢͹ϼӣҪܲסˣȻԪʯң̶ƲԪʯûôࡣ
ܹӿһǧˣ֪ӡϹģȴҪֿ˻һӣ׬ˣ۵ĳҲǰתһˡ
ݷ֪ҪҪٽмۣʱԪٴԭΪһݷ׹ڿȴǸ߹ˣ֣ĳһֲõĸоҪĻء
о
ݷ΢΢һеУ翵Ķݷ粻ôţһ˵統Էˡ
һˣԴݷʶ͸оһһ㣬ʼտ͸
ԥһ£ݷ绹ѹг۵һһļ۸̫ߣĸҲԼжϲ˶ҡ
ҪǾˡ
ӣϣĿ⿴ݷ磬Ҳ΢΢ŵݷ磬ݷټӼۣЩܲˡ
ݷԥ˺һ̾һҡͷҷ
Թղ˵һԼ˵ҲҪܴĺݷȻҧˣһ˿ᡣ
΢΢ʧݷӼ۵Ļߡ
ڳһĶ΢΢ˣգٶһòôԪʯˡ
ôϲܹӵõЦ˵ŮӵǰʵľУϣҲ֧һǧԪʯ
ݷ翴ɽףҲЩĽʣһҸղҪǼȥͺ˵뷨
ֱ֣ŹЦʤЦݿݷһۣлǫԪʯӦòٰǲǵļŸ״һǧԪʯҪ滨ȥˣҪһʮɣ
ڽɻǮǶȻ̼ݷģϾļҵײݷʵҪݷˣԿı׼Լ
ھνˣѾ֣ݷ緢Ҳûá
ԭûϲĶݷЩƣٱһ䣬͸ѻˣ侲̵ȱ⣬ٻһأСĿÿӶˡ
ģ˵һеĵȻҪðˣ׼˾ųɻҳ֣ɴؼұӰɣЦַݷһ䣬ô꣬Ҳֱܷ˾ŲʮҲҳôֱʡ
ʱʱ˵ӡܹӣҶҰжҵĿˣӣȻûҲҪֵ껹вӿϱģȥҲһġ
ӿô̳֮꣬ȰܣʵǳݷѻʱƷʱ׳嶯±Ķ
ʱʱ˵ǮǮǼŹܵϣδػġ
һ䣬õӺ޲һ䣬ֱˣһȥһǧԪʯ룬ڻҪĶݷ
ߣǼĽݽǼҹΪǹǰ;˭㣬ʧܣܶûãǽţһ磡
ǲһĶѣһ˾רŽҶ̣֮һˡ
ݷЦҲǻ֮ˣȻΪղŵһ£Ҳʼչϡ
һסݷãҾöûȥÿֶ飡֣ҪҪҲ
ݷһ˵벻΢΢һЦӦ˵ãҲѡͼͷ


766 ˺
֣лϵƷӶ࣬һ˵˾ųɰյˣʣЩҪô׿ƷҪôģɵģ֣Ҫľˣͼľͺã̫ˡ
ݷ翴˼̲סѵǼʦۣܰԼǰˮƽģɵĶûʲôյġ
ַģͼʹ졣
˵úãǧ濪ģ˵еҪ࿴򣬲ηηŵҲû˼ݷ˵ţֱ֮ǰʹ۸ľǧԪʯ
ݷǰüˣϲǿ׼һֱû򣬳Ž죬ֱ
ݷЩΣ֮ǰˣ˵ǳǧǰĴʦ֮֡
ʦֹжϲȴжϵĳһһķƷ
ѵ֣Ҹо
оã
е㡣
û£ˣһֱ׼֣˵ͼʹ죬ҽҪǿֶĻͷͨƷҲˡ
ݷ绰˵ˣȻˡ
Ƴһ۵ӣ֮ԷЦշһ⼸׬ưȻˡ
΢΢һЦɫߵǰʼѡ
޻ǧƷԪʯټɱǿµвƸһһǧƷԪʯ㻨ȥһ
ȻˣȻҪˡ
Ʒľʮݣòϡǰһ߸ߵܴ½ľ㲻ˣƣ۸񲻻ˡ
ӿڿ΢ЦӭԭΪݷӣڿݷѣȻˡ
ļƣȻ˶㲻ϵˣһʦôҲҪӵʱ䣬ֿŵġ
һһ㣬ֻżһ£ʱֻǿܿЩʲô
Ե׼ˡ
ɶҲ֪ˣԩͷָ¶ǧԪʯȴ֪ٵľǲܵġ
ӸûͻҲǿݷӲЦӭģʮ壬۸ǧԪʯ
˵Ż˻еļ۸ֱӱ۸֪Ѷˣ˷ʱ䣬һԴ۸ͷˣϾǸҲǿֶѡ
ǰľƷŵ˾ǧԪʯҲû˿ţýֺͷԤϵȤġ
˵ЩڼΪ˵ߣûһǧҲа˰ˣû˭
Ҫ۸ߣһݾõһ˿⣬ԥʵֹⲢÿһƷеġ
ǵû뵽ǣƺľǳȤһ˵ƷͦģĸϲݷҾ͸˼Һˡ
ӲΪԼˣСԴûհɣΪĸϲݷ𣬾ǧԪʯ͸ĸףҲ٣
ǵӣݷҲһֵܣ㲻ǿЦɣһģɵҪ򣿡
ǧԪʯڰжǼ߼۸ƷˣݷĻҪǣ¿ۣǰǰܹûһʱİѶˣΪǾǡԩͷ
ľǮԩͷ٣ǰݷ⣬츳ߣͿ£Ҳûжٵģô£
ٺ٣ϲ㰡֣һүһζЦݣԴſϷڷ޴
ȻĹأȴп಻ɲǴӾүģǰеĿ棬ı֮һǧԪʯļ۸ȥҪġ
λСֵ֪еĹذɣм٣Ըȫƾһ˫۾һ˿ɲСϣǲأԼĽܹ֪֮ѶˣȴԷĵͷʾԼ
ҸӾԼԵ˸߲ң·ִ׬һƵģ﷢飬治ɫǵ˵ͷõĶˡ
СӣòڰԻɣ
ݷѾеˣ֣ɿǺˣǧԪʯĶ
֪ɣͼʹ졣
ݷ죬εЦˣУֵ˵ԪʯˣҲܿ׬ġ
еĿɬάϿĵЦݣȻհ̧ͷһӲһͷԹȥһɫ¯ȥĿ
¯һƷֵȻ𣬷ŵҲ߰ǧԪʯ
ⶫͬзĿ棬СӣҪ¯ɣΰǿˣڼ۸¯ıֻǧԪʯȥĻҪвһֲ۵ġ
Ϊˣ۸񶼻עıȽϵͣıҲô࣬˶ˣоͺѿȥˡ
СӸǧԪʯ˰ɡӻһ˿Ȼһ仰ͽеϣ˸顣
һۼ۸򣬶Ե˵Ҳ
ֻǰһڣιȥĶڳ鴤ȴάŲõЦݣҪǰǧǰĹźɵģȻ֣֮ǿǧԪʯģֵ۹Ⱑ͸ã
Ȼ˵˸߲ңǰװȴָı⣬ȻʱѾʼƷˡ
һԣЦܼҵģûôܼҵģڻ˶û˸Сӿ˵Ŵһµӵļ򣬡֣׬˰Ͱ
ͣһͣ˵⻰ʱӶŤһˣȴǱֳΪӣ·׬ưƵġ
ֵܣҪǴһЩûҪģҴȥ̯۸ﻹˣûɶġݷ罨
̯ϵĶǿˣųɾƷ㲻ϣľϵԪʯļٻ
ʱҲһֵ̯֪ıݷҲ̯أоֱĸʸĸʲˡ
֣ġԪ˵һ¿еĲƷ򵶰ӣʱ򵶰ӵĳ׺
ģ˺ˣ


767 
һƷ߰ǧԪʯƷǵӶʮǰéݵһСģȻɱûж٣ҲԸ¥۸
кų߼棬ʵϸ˵˼ٶ涼ﲻѡƷȫģҼ۸ǰļôɵ飿
ֹӣûᣬȻһңǰϷЦˣһάЦݲ䣬Ԫ˵
΢΢һЦ̧ͷ˵һۣǺ⣿ĳ⼸ô
֪ʵʵԭǴټһ򣬲ǮޣƷֻֵǮСһСƷģֵǵıȴƷҲڶƭǰĵӡ
ҲΣһûպҰУպУŶûͻᱻȥˣԽݷͻڣû취ݺݵ׬һˡ
ֹӣʱ˵Щû˼ˣϲ׼ĻỨһԪʯˣϵҲһƷҰҲԼĹأ׾ûϳλϵùҲϣһߣĪҪͱ˲źãҰܿé֮أҲ۸ġ
ӻ˵ϣҲûװͿıҪˣǸˣͷеպĳټжȻ˱ᣬֽҲ׬һǧԪʯɣҾߵЩǧӣӦûвٽࡣ
һ˵˾κˣζϳ֮ǰѪǼٵģ뵽֮ǰݷͻȻֹͣмۣҲֹˡ
о춼ûҽ׼еĳϳżֻǿ˿϶ǼٵģǱг϶Ҫٸˣ
ϵղѡƷ˶̵ʱڣһģɵ֮׼ȷмֵĲƷѾԸˡ
굽ʲôݣ
ܸݷߵһ𣬶ҿݷƺƽ۽ӣֵǵ֮Լƫƫû˵һƾðһ
ֹӵֹ֪ӸմǷֹӳΪҰеĿʦ˵ԭӻΪԻĻĻĺѾȻ޴ˣڹ磬Щʦ˾ĴڣܴŲƷȥôʦָһǼΪѵõĻᣬѾˡ
ǸĳҪУʵûжʱ䡣ܣҲû˵ԼԭѾύ֮ĵĵмΪźҲûҪǰˡ
Ȼֹô˵ҲǿǱеĴƣֹʲôʱȤˣҰп֮ǰĻȫõԪһֱ˵˳ͬʱݳһöɫƣ񣬱ǰеĿӡ
ӹһʱԾȻľɵģȻϺ٣ֻǼƷľҲΪˣȻ෢Ҳܲ
ӵݳһĻʱǵЦȻǰƣҿкüŪһ鰡ϲֵһֺôӰ
̫ԩͷһμ͸һԪʯԵӲŷƣס

Ӳ֪ʲô飬ʵԩͷ˵ԩͷʵõӿЦá
һۣаԩͷѪҰˣҽҪõˡ
˵ִѾˣôµĿ˵£һµȻԼͼԵ˱ڶ¾ǿ˸߼Ʒ
΢΢һЦҡͷˣѾҲˡ
ûԪʯԸֽ谡ֿǴ
ֵܣ߰ɡݷļҲ֪񵽵Ǻ⣬˽⣬Ӧòľǣ֮ǰϣһ
ݷ׼뿪УЩϧ֮⣬֣´ĳˡ
ߣЦ

֣㵽ΪɶһԪʯѪ˶٣һţݷͷӡУӦûɵ飬ʵ벻ô⡣
ûͣ˵һرĸоԾˡ
ðɡݷЩεҡҡͷϲɣҪҪһ£Уһɵĸ֣Ҳľպļʦ̩ɽĶԲġеĶȻƷӶ࣬ϾƷģЩ˵׼Ʒ
Ŷɣһܴ½е߾ĴɾܷʳƵۣ˷ǳ٣ʲô۵ԵǿۣǾҲһ
ķǿ߾Ρۣ֮ߴɵ֮٣˴μŴֻһЩƽĹ伮вмء
ݷ˵ڳ֮УȻסһλɵĴܣȻԾˣһͿ̤񺣾ˡ
Ȼνһʵġ
һСǾɵĸ֣éݲһأ
ݷ̸ţͻȻǰһЦѭȥֻǰԶһУ߰˸Χһʯǰʯζʮ˿裬Χļһ
ҡһȣһĵЦݣǰһ򿪵ľУľзŵһѪ
ֺôֱʰѪéݾ˺ü갡һ飬ǿ۽ˣߣһéƤεӹά
һЦп֮ǫҲֻǳжϣȻоųɰգзյġ
䣬һΪڵİЦ˵̫ǫˣڹԼߣֻм꣬Ѿͷӆ
߹Цţһ·ۿʱʱóһСһı¹Ħһ̾
ϣôôһеʵ
Ӧûġ߳һǸ˶ۣϵЦŨˡ
ֵԪʯһȲʵ
ףߵһۣѪĪ˵ٵÿÿҲǾŶһ㣬ȫӦ˻ңطټſڱտھԪʯģ


768 ˣ
ѵѵҲΪ⣬˵ϣʧϡľҲܵи۸ɣ㿴Ще˶Ҳްֱ˵ֵԪʯǲиֱʶǰɡ
˵Ļһľɵı飬ֱԵһѪŵ嵽Ԫʯļ۸ϲѪĽܸߡ
۸񱨳ڳ˶ǵһԪʯڳձҶǧԪʯѣ⻹ǼϹ̶ʲҡ
ҲСǹ񫣬ĸô
ʱ˲Զݷ硣
Ҳڰ֮ǰڰһððųۣ֮ǰҵѪѾˡ
˵ⷬһҫ߿϶ѪƷ£ݷĹóðһ£ݷһѿϾǹģɵĶڰзôˣҪñˡ
ݷ΢΢üȦҫѪͬʱõ˰Ŀ϶˵һڶûǲܵģеʮ֮ãȻһļʦҲһרҵʿһڰйϺţǰѾԲд
˿϶ݷԭѪƷͷҡҡͷ˵֣߰ɣҴȥʦһĹҲǸƷأ
Ҳ˵ڹеûʧ˼Уһ׺ڣҲ׺ڣҵҪôôͺ˵ͷ
ţáνϵĶһµҲڱȽȱԪʯ
Ŷݼ׵Ų˵ҪĳضʥҩֻҪһʥҩʲôͣͳͳãɸѡѾܼд˼пƳҩֻҪʱ㹻ĲϣаƳŶĸĳ̶ȱĺõö࣬ܶ϶ҵȻҪ㹻Ԫʯ
ݷСǵļʦۡȥߵķ֪Ҫȥˣ΢΢һЦа⣺ݷҪȥǹˣðΪ֪Ʒڼ±Ҿȥʦ￴Ĺ񵽵׼ֵΡ

ݷ˵ʦסʵֻһͨլԺˣԺǽɴֲڵʯͷɣ濴Щƾɣʵ޷סһɵǿߡ
֣λʦסϰˣˣǰٵ
񣿡΢΢һ
ţܴ½һʵаֻǿߣɼ鱨֯ϷӦģʰʰֻǿߣʰѾܾûˣЩ񺣴ܺܶƮ죬ռǵϢ
ǿҲװɣҲֻǸοá
ܴ½ķǿҲһٶˣĿͳƣᳬ١ǿߵǾͲüˣҪЩ˵ųһѶȼ
ݷٺһЦȻףͺ׼࣬ʮǻ˵ģԵ½ͻƶΪ֪껻һΣǸʵ£ǿߵһҪˣĴҲϰԱȹ
ϰߣҧ֡
ѣǿ˵ʮ궼ˣʮϰĻǳףΪϻءϵǿߣɵı̬Щ˶ͬеٮٮߣˣΪҲŽȥ
ݷ˵˵š
š֨¡һ죬Զˡ
ڱԺ֮УҶҶ·һ̵ʯһʯǰһ裬źڰɫӣȫעĿǰ̣ʱʱһöӣ˺°壬ȻԼԼ塣
ҵСӣͷӵ
ЦǺǵģһĨųһԱĲ豭ɫ裬µĲͲéе˿裬Ϻõ
ٺ٣רŴ˺öġݷȻ߼Ϊʶ˵ҲƤЦġ
˵ݷóֽеĹƳ˹һۣЦѾ³ݷڰ˶Լα
ݷǰͻȻһͣתһȴڽֵĹսǴһҲˡ
СӣݷüѪԼֻαĹ񣬾ĶҪȥˣǼٵģǾ͸˵ˣСӾԼѿġ
ʦҿǴһöЦݵӭȻҲʮʶ
ӴҲڰˡװżݷ˵ĿݷĹϣеĹ񣬱ǧԪʯƷʦأ
ϣݷƽʱûûҲɫЩѿˣʦ棬Ҳֻ
һ۾Ϳݷ棬ֻ΢΢һЦƷһڲ裬Ҳ˵ʲô˵̫֮ˣĪ˵ˣڹ磬ЩϹŶ漰ԼƷûʱҲֵ첱Ӵ֡
ٺһЦ˸ƣӣҪɣ
ݷʱŹأֻܰ˵ʯϣ˵ڰµĹαȷϣֻⶫҿˣͲƷһ
ݷ˵ţĴ򿪹ĺӣʸˡ
˴һзųһƸ֪ŹһȦۣһӵĹ˲֣ͣ˵ǳ֣֮΢˵㣬ӦǼǰƷһЩַγӣЩţëƲӲܵ˵һĲƷϾǻʵԪƷҲƷԪлԵˣֵӦڰ˰Ԫʯҡ
ݷ˵Ʒʱһ࣬ͱƷҲν˼ģ˽ҲûʲôôǰǾͺܶˣȦ߼һЩƷЦ顣
֣ѽǿϧƷĺܲҵĻҲпһʱ嶯ġЦ˵ЦôЩֻζΧȻû˵ʲôҲǴ˿Ϸ˼
۾һתʱĴֽóһľʦһһǰѪҲɡ
ʲôѪ񣿡üһȻȤ


769 ˵ļ
Ѫéݶ֮٣֪ĳΪ̣ҪĹʱػֲ޽ֲɺδüʮγɡ
ֶ񶼷ëǣǼ
Ѫļֵϡк͹ԣ깦ЧһʯûǿĻôһݵѪʮԪʯۡ
ΪһʦһѪҲûж٣ʱ˵һܲ˷ܡ
Ѿ˽˼ˡ
ѪĿƵĿ
ڰģ˵һǰĹƷų¿һ£ӦǰƷɡ
ҿȲ˵磬ڷʳƵ۵ǿߺ׼ۣܹȤĶɲˡ
żиǵõ˼Уù̩ɽļʲôӵ顣
ĺӴ򿪣һѪֳ
Ѫһ֣˵۾ҲƲˣӴľֵ꣬Ķ֪ж٣ϣ۵ľ鿰Ʒḻ֮һֻҪһۣиµĸоڶʱжϳ⾿¶
ǰѪе͸¶һɹӲɣζӦһǰƷˣ
ʶһ㣬˸˷ܣֽȡһרõıҲľɵġ
һ˵⼶𣬼︨ˣóӲ֤ѪǺεȿء
Ưƣȷʵһǰ˷һ̾ϵЦѾŪûˣ˵һѾȷѪƷˣ
ΧȻЦţȴǼΪʣ˵ԪʯԪʯһ棬һǣΪԵѪȦ룬Ϊ֮Ķֵ֪ˡ
Ƴһݷ磬ϴʤ΢Цݷ黹ƽһɵĻ⣬ԭֻһϾңû취ȵģֻҪ
ϧʱԥˡ
ݷ絹û̫˼ϾֻһУڵһѣ˵׻Լңҿ϶жϣű棬һжϳαȻͲӰ졣
ʱһһĹȥȻ˴һʼ͵ɫ侲ţüͷԽԽ
ֱ仯ͷ΢ô£ѵʲôˣ
ݷҲһô覴ãƣǡƷ
뵽ƷݷԼˣӦòƷôƯƣαһʼ˾Ϳ϶һǰˡ
ӵʱȥ˳̾һ̧ͷһ̣Ķˣң԰Ѫνǹעһˣν޷ģʲôĻѪ޹ˡ
ʦôȲʵһᵽɤۡ
˻ɨڳһۣȴûеһʱ𻰣ÿѪˣΧҲǼͣһϣ˵мĹѪһҲϣˣνìܸӡ
ⶫȷʵһǰ˳Ĭһ˵һȻ仰еʯͷأ⻰˵ˣȻǳ
⣬˲⸱飬ֻϣҲв׼ֻһصС覴ãȻӰֵԼ
ϧҡҡͷĶʱ˰ء
ûǼֵߵƷѪ񣬼ֵ󽵵ˡ
һһˮǰһڣһͷڵϡ
Ѫôܣ
εȷϣԭһֱѪɣȫû뵽ðѪ˵һ
ɲݷ磬ݷΪӣдõǰ;ʧܣֵܷԴΪޣѪԪʯǰģһ˺ֲȥᵼպԴѷ
˵ܹӵʬʬľƷĹڿУǷ븹ڣʱѪγɡֶѪһЩҲΪˣʬԭ͸ѪСپͨʬߺľϵԪָ죬ĳƷѪѱ棬˵ǣҲҪϸϲܷ壬һͱƭȥˡʬðѪ飬Ҳڵ伮Ͽܣ컹ǵһμ
һ˵ǸԡѪ̡
ݷһñüһһľԼˣ
ôַʮҲǿģ
һǧԪʯݷóҲΪҼͷǱͷݷȻ˵꣬еĻɥ־֪ݷһǧԪʯĻ֪ˡ
գҪĽݷѾͷһ״ȶ±ͷǸˡ
ݷԺţͻȻһһԵȴɫƽ˿ûΪѪƷκ˵¸ϵܴ󣬱ȷǼٵģӦóһŶԣƽֻ֤ԭ֪Ǽٵģ
ҲˣһˣʲôĻҲôҪĽв廰Ͼ漰һǧԪʯĶ˻ãһʧѴ̡
ȻҿڣȻмְյģ֮ǰĹҲȰԼҪ½һǾ;Բɺˣ
͸İƣҲΪĽͳΪˡ
뵽ݷ˵ֵܣ֪Ǽٵģ
ֻһصĸоӸҵĸо̫á΢΢һЦܵĽ͵Ͳ壬ʵҲҪͣݷôˡ
ݷҲûжʣеҲãԸҲöҪÿ˶ԼܣݷϷӡǳ֮ͬܡ
ֵܣγˣϴ˵ľ飬ҪĻҿ԰æ
ţáûн飬պҪҩĻҪĲϺľԼȥѼ̫ˣݷæʡºܶ鷳
ʱһʧǵı飬ľˣռҲҰе鷳оǿƷԷģƷļ۸ҲôͣҪ˾Ҫűӵ˼׼еĹأҲǹǱȥ鷳Ļòκβᱻ˳Ц䲻


770 ȫǬ¯
ݷ翴ɥҲû侮ʯֻǾЩݷһԣС䲻ͲҪ
ҡҡͷڵܹӻǱˣ˵Чǰļ۸ѾԶԶǶһãܵ˵;һȻǷƷʬҲǼֵƣŵӦǧǧԪʯܹǮͰɡ
ǧǧԪʯʱĳһԪʯľʬ˳Ļܲġ
ϣԽʧԽѪʧֶܴ
ݷʼ磬˵֣ƷİɣǴľ񣿡
ͷǣҪľ񡣡
Ǿʦһ°ɣдʦļЩ߼۵ġݷ˷ܵĴֿ֣۽ĻȻ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ˣֱӹУǵļʦͿˣҲע
ѾڰйϺˣԺǰеķֵ궼룬ɲ䶯Ծ·ڹ磬ϢǴúܿġ
ݷЩźȻȻö˵֣ŵùҵĻҰƷˣȫԪʯ
Ǿллˡ֮ãʱȵĺܣûжپЩ¡

ݷЧʹȻߣʮ죬ƷȫԪʯеĳɺһǧ飬ʱѾéһСǡ
еĽȫɴʯɣʯҲδȥִҰζ
ǵĺ棬һǧɸߵշ壬Ϊɽʱס⴦շϿٸÿһһչصأ˴ԪʮַḻֻҪ㹻Ԫʯס
һеȶꡣ
ڵԪôϣİȫԣݷ˵Ǳһ񺣴û˸£Էĵıչء
ʱڶ֮еʯϣǰһ߸ߵС¯ӣڵ¯ı棬ԲطǬͼǬͼУһֻɫͼ
¯Ǭ¯
Ǭ¯ǰܴ½һ¯ǿ߶
ʱǬ¯Աߣ˰˸ÿϵ񣬰׼Ǭ¯
ħİ£ħ۵Ǭ¯ܱߵİҪڽȫǬ¯
ڴ֮ǰֻܿǬ¯ĵһؿռ䣬ħ˵Ǭ¯һؿռ䡣ҪʽǬ¯Ҫؿռȫ
ִ̧һӡһϼڵ¯֮ϣȵĻʱȼ

ͺһǬ¯棬ǽڸȻ⣬һʱ·һڷĿä
Ǭ¯Ȼһ𣬴¯֮дһ߿ĻХ֮еĸ綼Хþ·Ҫ̴һ㡣
֮һöȭͷСĹʵһγɫĸǬ¯зɳһץС
Ǭ¯ڶأڿˣ
ʵǬ¯ڶز̫ѣѵǵأҲΪ׼ġ
ɫٺ٣СӣַˡħԺǬ¯ÿһؿռжһЩһؿռʱͷɳ˾ħ֮ѪƵ񵤡
ħ֮ѪħգöƵڴʱ̷ȥħһһ˰Ŷݼ׵һš
ڣħеɫǬ¯ڶеıˡ
ЩʲôħҲҲֻܴħ۵ƬҵһЩȱļ䡣
ɫҩʦеƷĵرҩټһЩҩľӦɿŶݼ׵ŵ鵤
Ҳ˲ϸЩԪת£һֵڰϣʱʢ
Ǭ¯ڰоҵĲ·һͷ̫Ҫ¯гһ㡣
а֮ͬʱ˰Ŷݼ׵ü֮䣬ǷӡҲһĽâ
䣡
֮һ죬İ˸٣Ǭ¯¯һȥֱʡ
꣡
¯صײɽĶϣ󷨼ӳֵʯһƬ
ɫ죬ǰƷûҩֻһͨڵħףһѪҺ


771 
һѪħһ˫۶ʱˣѪҪˣ
֪ɨһѪѪǬ¯һؿռ̺Ѫ࣬ɢԶŲçϢӦùžħѪҺƷȻȲϹŷ֮ѪҲΪ
á
ҲСħ˵ҲֻоѪ֮ԴʹԭЩħԼܶ࣬ȾȹԼ
ħȲĴ֮дڳһֻɫľëצžħѪһڽȥ
һħ⹷¶Ϊı顣
ѪҺ֮ħ巺һƬ죬ԭõ弫Ťøʵ
Сʱ䣬ħùצĶƤ˸ãеҪʮ˽ľͺˡ
΢΢һЦεҡҡͷֶһͲˣʮ˽ġ
ָָħףħ˵ħ⣬ħʲô
̳еħۼȽϲȱħ׵ļȫհˡ
ħδ촽˵ܴ½λħףǰȺ۲˵ʵǶ£ҲвĶ֣硭һ壡
ͷܴ½ȴ½ܶ࣬ںһԼҲΪӣлĹ壬ѪҪöࡣ
£һǿԶ࣬Ϊһ嵽׻ں棬½ػἫΪϰߣ͸ˡ
ħ˸һĵ˴սãħ׶ˣ֮յսʤ֣ΪħѾ飬˲òħǬ¯м޸ֻ޸ħҪΪʱ䣬ֱ뿪ħ׶û޸ãһȥħǬ¯м꣬Ӧò޺ˣƷʸʤղյžħѪӦþΪ޸ħ׶µģֻûѡ
ԭˡ
һУħУȴħ׵ؿһʮֹԲȱڡ
ôȱڣȻǱɵģӦﱾһȱڣûľġ
ȱ˻ľ
ˡħҡҡͷЩϧħףֵӦòǬ¯ԱǺٵġ
Ľħ״ϣһʱоԼ·һħסˣ뻤ԪںһʹûԪͶȸʤ
ŶֹЧ
ȻˣõײͣҼҲһ˵ĹĻټ͵Ҳã
ܶߵĹд͸ԣǷסǵĵҪסǹ̺İ
ɫ׼ôħʵ
ɫҩʦеƷĵرҴҩټ϶ʮϵľԼǲݡ컨ʯָҩɫ鵤ЩӦܿŶݼ׵ĵˡ
ٺ٣ҩɣܴٽҲܴٽͻͽ˼ѽɫ鵤Ʒɲͣаô
ʱûϰҲϰҩҲǶĴ
Ȼ̳ҩʦļ䣬а鱾ϲѧҩ顢ɣЩ֪ʶ䶼㹻ˣǻܽ塢ʹЭ
ͺñһûеٵʦ±ףҲ֪һӵмɺע޷Ϊָϴԡ
ҪľͨϵϰҩмɣÿһĿƶγ䣬ҪǾıֳ಻٣ֻһ¯ɹĵҩ
ǲݺ컨ʯ׼Ūħʵ
ݷ硣ˡ
ݷΪӣƽʱϲýѣ̾ѶʶһЩĴй㷺ĹϵϢʲ
ʵݷȷʵûʧʮ֮ʹϢ

һĻǰͣƵĵҩ¯һ¯ֻʣһѺڻˡ
εЦЦǬ¯̫ͣ־յеͼҩݻһս
Щ죬ڰ׬Ԫʯȥ֮һȫľ
ϰõҩϺħҩ԰ʮʱ䣬ЩҩݱõɣƳĳƷȴٵĿľһһѵĺڻҡ
Ǽ֪ǾҩݾȻֵĻ֪θ롣ԳҡҡͷЩȫǮ˵еͼҩݣʵƷŵĻ߷ˡ
˵ʲôħʵ
ݷ紫ģҹ컨ʯ䣬ⶫھŶۣǲݣݷҲûҵ
㣿
ȥУ

УλھŶϪǣӵǧʷѾ˴ƷƷŵʷʥرȼ硣
ǾŶ֮һ
ܷչһھŶɱŶǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ܲڵϪ֮󣬸ôһ۾ͿԿܲڣΪʵ̫رˡ
ʮɸߣɷԲĸ¥ȻڰУ¥Χյҫ¹â貣Ȼˡ
Ҫһ͸¥ڰУÿĵԪʯ¶һʲСĿɴ˿ɼеĲˡ
ɫһӣθ߶ʱŷһεĲֲγһ谭У΢΢ȻԼܸоȻҲܸоôģѿϣ
ԽϷɣԽԣеſڣѾ϶ΪµߣǿΪȵߣеĴţҲþΪǱûٽˡ˭ȥһһζҪˣ´ζͲˡ
ζţнһµ߾֮ˣҲӦеĸ¥նԭˡ
Уһָ߸ϵĸоټųµߣȷеĸƷʶλ
ܲǰʯףɸߵɴ֮Ϲһɫңɷд֡
һ˿⾳̺棬ŵ࣬һ
дǡֻƷ۷ֻǿߣӹˡ
ÿˣлǿζŷǽĶӹˣ
̧ŵѾ˴ţһơ
Ĵ֮У˲࣬ԵЩӣҲ֮УбͲȡʤġ
λʲô󣿡ÿһеĿˣһòŮӭһһķ񣬸дŮֻʮ˾ӣηǳֻ԰ѡ
Ҫ컨ʯֱӿڵ


772 컨ʯ
컨ʯŮȻⶫΪϡУҲŪ˼컨ʯΪҩļƷϣھŶܻӭֵߡ
û뵽ᣬſھҪ컨ʯ
Ůһƺڻǲǲǵģֻ뿴컨ʯ񫣬ʱٽڲ֮ࡣ
ȻĻɣջǰϢͨ˳ȥƬ֮һ¥
۾һȻóʵټͺΪӦͬеٮٮߡ
ˣп컨ʯ
λСֵܻ
˵ת¥ȥ̧¥ݣȻڶ¥֮ͬһεһ㵽˵һ߶ˡ
תͷһŵŮȴŮһ⣬ȻΪֻкڵŮˡ
Ķ˾͸ˣ֮Ů˲㣬ھԶһӣһߣΪɡ
һֻŲ룬ø벦ŪŲҶ΢ЦĿ
ͷǻˣߣӦҲĿˡ
ʱӶƫ߳һɴһµŮӣλõˡ
ʮתݺУʱߵĿ⡣
Ůӿʮͷ˵ɴҲԼɴ֮µգȶˣƤӨ͸һ˳ԵľɫŮӡ
ŮӿڵλͶ컨ʯʵ컨ʯܲҲˣĿҲжʮˣȴû˽ߣҪΪ
Ů˵һ£ȻһЦΪ컨ʯģһ˼ģ컨ʯһЩϡвλóĶλĻٶԪʯҲǲɵġ
Ŷԭ˵ҩĺòôô죬˵˵λͬޣҲϷʶأźӣЦ˵ȻǴ׹ϵ컨ʯߵ˼
ŮӺǺһЦҲûشׯʹʦ
ׯͣ¶һ־ݣԭǰһʮׯʹʦϷǸʲġ
ҡͷ
Ӻһֱڣɽ׶εС࣬Ҳ͵ʵ󣬺ߵĶɵׯĸС磬֮ϣÿһС綼Ҫðżķա
Ҳʹúߺׯ͵ݲʱߺߵݲ໹ׯͻĸ֡
Ҫ֪ܴ½вĴȨԣϰһǶ֡
˵ţʱһʮ߰¥ݿڳ֣ɨͺһۣ˵ׯʦĵӣʦʱޣʲôóҹĿɡ
ᣬȴ֮ͦһɵԽкԲͷζʵҲ⣬Щмʮ컨ʯÿ˶ҪдεܣȴûһóĶĶ˭᲻ͷġ
ߺǺһЦҲΪ⣬ͷʲô컨ʯȻЩҵ׵ģԼļ˵һߡ
沿ɫ˵ǸЩʦкܶ࣬ûκȤиһЩô
ϵЦݶʱסˣĮĿȻûκλء
һĻҲǣһߣ벻ߵĶȤġ
أ
Ƴһۣ⿴ڵΪͲʲôϣ
΢΢Ĭ֮ǰ˼ſׯ͸ȤĽƷʵƷкܶ࣬ħ֮ǣԶŻ˳лõĽ֮⾳ٱιŷ֮Ѫɫȵȡ
ЩóóҲǼö컨ʯܹġ
ǳЩʣµľͲôֵǮˡ
˵ЩͷˣûУûоͱǲңҺæ
Ϊׯ͵״ӣ걾һɵԽУٵӣˣô컨ʯҩļƷϣһҪЩ͵ҩʦŻ
΢΢һЦһ˵Уֻ㲻ϵã޷ɽס
üͷһ壬ʮֲõ˵٣׸ʦÿ춼Ҫ亣ϣĴĵرϵ伮Ҷˣϵ£˵жҶϵãҲϵõĶ񺣴ܶδŪõȻеġжóóĶϡѾ˵ͨɫ
ȻмּʶҲᱻׯνס
ðɡͷɫĴֽȡһУƿеĸӣȻһźɫ״ֲĸ֮ϣһŤƺһʹĹһ㡣
֮£һȭͷСţ·һһ㣬ֲǸճ󣬷ۺɫһЩϡëֱĿ
֨֨֨
״ֲƺΪؼյԭͻȻ̶֮ļУǽ֮˻ֱƤ
꿴ֲʱѾȫסˣ⵽ֲﻹ࣬ôг⸱ªĵģУֱ
֪ׯʦҪ񣬻һ°ɡ
ľеĶƳⶫǱħѰʬݡ
ʬݣڷĶĲݣӼڵۼǿߵʬ֮УʬΪϣУҪϵߵѪ֮ʱƾõʱŻ졣
ħӵʱ򣬿ɰĿͬ飬ǵѪʬݣΪιԱ˯״̬ڲ׽
ɰĿɱʬݵϣʬȻҲˡ
ⶫҲħصĻ²ܳɣܴ½˵Ҳˡ
ҪʵޱȣªټĽһ;оԵЧ꿴Ѿɵ˵ˡ
ʵ꣬ɴŮӣһֱûô˵ҲĿ࣬Ϊĸ߲ҲǲȺ飬˱Ҳûֶ
Σʵ
꿴˰Ҳûظһֶ֣вֵ֪ôܻظȷʵܴ֪ǶﻹֲĶܵΪŨѪ֮ǷƲѪ֮ҩӦЧ
ѯʣ֮֮ǰ˵̫ת֮һԼûĶʵ޹⡣
ҧҧ˵ȥʦ


773 
仰ͷҲص뿪ܲˣʵׯֻҪһɣ뿪Ϊûȥˡ
ߺ֮ǰҲ컨ʯĺһ˿ɫ˿ʬݵĺӣֿ˿֪ʲô
̲סλóĶϡ棬Ҳδţ֪ûҪϡõ
лỹģҪչٶ
ҩʦҪĲϼΪɢЩме䣬ЩдùϵбҪ
һ֮һµ˱Ůӭ£̤㣬ΰĿ棬һɨĿϡ
λҪҵ컨ʯ
ʣ߾ׯˣߵɽ׶ΣѾѸòж䣬統һǧ꣬Ȼʮʮٸ
׼ǰׯ͵䣬ȴܴӶԷϸܵʢ֮֮ȻׯԪкܳһϣ̤񺣣ʳƵۡ
ׯǰվһ
šׯ͵ͷĿľеʬϣһӵʱ¶˼ı飬λСֵôƺ
֣ڽһ֣Ѿҩʦ·Ժֽ漰ԪʯȻСȥȫһЩպĴҲһЩ˷ͻӶ˵뱻˳š
Сֵܣû´ĻֲΪʬݣʬڵüҿֲԼޣҪɲģҪ̫õʱ䡣
ׯҲǵһμʬݣƲ˵ʬݵ֣Ȼ֪ʬݲܴ½ʥħ½ôԶзͬҲġ
ׯ͵Щʬȷʵʬͬһҩġ
ʵû뵽ׯͼʶ˹㲩ʬݶϵãԵ˵ׯʦѧʶˣ
ǺǣׯĳҲǰʱżȻĵ伮пأⶫܴ½ûеģҲĳЩµϻаɡ
ׯһ˵΢ȣȻ˵ܴ½ûУôĵ伮Ϊйʬݵļأ
˵ħ޵ĹȣĪҲʥħ½ħۻڤĳֹϵɣ
ԺпٻЩͷҲûж룬ׯ͵֪ׯʦʬݿȤ
ׯ͵ʬȻδɣҲѪҩĶˣȷʵãƽĶۣҵ컨ʯҪһЩҲռ󱲵ıˣ㻹ʲô󣬿
һϲׯͶʬݲȤׯǰĳҪǲݣ֪ׯǰⷽϢ
һ仰ʳׯͺǺһЦǲݿҪ컨ʯҪóʬݣׯĳйǲݵϢҲԼȥѰģⶫмУׯĳչء
һʱЩʧҪĲ϶棬ң㱻ҵһЩҲԼˡ
ɣٲǧԪʯΣׯʵ
ţллׯǰˡһڴӦʬȻϡûʲôãׯͿҲΪ
˵ɽףҲõžӨ컨ʯʯͷǰɫֻǱһЩ컨ʶ
ׯ֧һӶ𣬶ĸǡ
ҲǱҪһŴ֮󣬾ȥ
һ·ɳۣʶȫϪ֮󣬼ת䷽һ֮С
ʱ䲻һû뵽ˣҪȥôɰϷҲǴȥݵģͬΣ
תͷ˵һ컨ʯĺߣʱͷѺõ΢ЦƺΪż档
ɺôĳɲôΪЦЦĿźߣĳϪ֮󼸶ȸı䷽ȴಽ׷ţô£
ЦһЦ˵ЦˣϷôܸأȷʵֻż˵һ컨ʯתһôϷǧԪʯһţΣ
ǧԪʯһţЦˣԪʯĻµǿԿתøһš
𡭡ɫϷ㽻ףȴҪۣ̫̰ɲã
˵Ѿвζ
ָֽϣЦ˵㻹ڹ˼ʲôأٳٲҶǵұ˱
ٺ٣Сӣ㲻թңҲ֪ǲǳţȴ֪İ˱ĻͲ֮󼸶ȸı䷽˸ˣ컨ʯϷдôĻ͹Թ԰ǡ
߻˵һʱͻȻ֣ȻԶɵΪսһڵСȴѡ͵ϮɣܹߵһȫƾĽͽթ
ֽгһϸ֮ɫĽ綾һʺ
ߵĽټ죬ϬƥԪһһ㣡
Ƿһ˿ɱֽһĨһƥһǹâһֻ̣һ죬ռ·˺ˣߵĽⱻǹâɷĩǹâȥƲֹһѴաһߵ䡣
ʲô
󺧣һֽȡʲôһ̣ȴԼĶͻȻûĿһǹɨ䡣

Ԫֽһ飬һҽУ׵ֱɨϣһûһ㱻һǹɨء
ߵɴ˫ۣѪ˳ȥĿ
һץߵֽ䣬һĲ˾ǧԪʯһЩľ񣬻ƿƿ޹޵һѵҩһҩ
ȻԷǸҩʦ
ĴԴḻҲձҵʵֻǶɣȴܸ޻߳ˣȻҲΪԷһҩʦԵʡ
Ѷպã̶תյĳǹһᣬĮ˵¿ôãô
һϪǣ͸е˸һˣˡ
ԭΪһģڿˡ
ûЦһǹֱָеĳΪթô˵һ飬ұȥˣ
ȵȣĪ֣һϵһŤһŵ˳п
Ŷôģһ˿ɱ⡣
ᣬǰ㣬ǾŶ֮һôҲΪ컨ʯԻƵġæ͵˵Ҳдǧ꣬һЩǮĿ˾ȥɱԽĻҲܿˡ
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ȻǸ޼Ʒ͸ֻԵйأҪٴʽҲҪپԵƾġ

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ҽƤһֱܺ»ᷢһЩõ顣
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һŰ׻ԣһ
ˡ
ʦԸԼκβ֣ȴΨһطôҲı䲻ˣǾǡ֮
֮ڴԶڣʬ˵ѾĿȫǣĴֻĴԡ
֨֨֨
ǹϵһŴԾȻھҵҷ̶ļУ·һֻһ޴һ㡣
ԸܵԷ֮ͨϢҪɱңҸҸܣ츳֪ЩԵǶܴ½¡ҼеĶҲ㣬ͨѻõһʶ
Ұ𼴿ɣЦûаԷ׵ȤְԼŪ˲˹Ŀȫ֪
ȡȵȣ
ۣ
һԪָдܳźɫǹ綾һ֮У

ʬ˷һҽУȻֻһһŴԱϡһԽ
ʬ
ֵɸֿһĻŻȻһ֮ʱʬ˽ԼĴתƵܵ­ǻ֮Уٿʬ˵ıͬھ
һзǳһмƣҲضˣԶӵʬˡ
ƫƫһ̶Ϥʬ˵ı仯ʬ˱壬ת˹
ƽʱϸø֪̽飬ѷʬ˱ڣڸղŵļս֮Уǧһ֮ʣܷһ㣬Ǿ൱ˣ
ģڳǶ׹ô£㲻׵ģڱ˵Ľ֮Ҳˡ
һʱѻȸ굽˭Ȼɱʬˡ
ע⵽ϵףͨɫףΨؿڴһԲεȱڣƺ˻ľ
Ϊһףûба塣
ʲôףȻܵסʬ˵һ

ֽȡһ·ϣ˲ڵסħ֮֮ǰħ֮ʱһЩαװ뱻ע⣬ֻǸղʬ˵ǿ󹥻ħ֮ϵαװȫٵˡ
̶̵ʱ䣬ӦһЩ˵ע⣬ģʱ꣬ϵħ֮ˡ
˲ȱȫĿܣӸ߿ֱ
һأΧ߷׷׾õˣɷǣǿɲǰԷǳӶҹܵɱ˵Ļֻϵù
һʬ˵ʬֽ䣬ҲΧߣһԪȥҪȥˣʬһսֶξĺܴҲˡ
ӮˡֹӾȻӮˡ
ۿɹ촽Ĳţġ
ϵĸ֣Ȼһٻɱˣֻڶѡ
û뵽ǰһ꣬Ȼܻɱϵĸ֣
λˣһ߳ƵԼӵȫȨԴҲöһλ
ӮˣС㣬飬ĹˣԣݺᡣЩ죬ѹγҲˣ㳤󣬶Ҳȫ㵱ԼŮ
ɵǰ϶ˮһʱ侹ǲ֪롣
ֹ֡ӣлл
ˡ
ԣֱӷĻȫʱ̱֤Լ۷״̬һһǿеĻԼҲܶˡ
ۿ㡢һϪǵ߶Щ¡
ˡ
˭ܶʮɣҲѾˣֻԵѡ
һ૵˵ϪҲһţǸһȼֱһǴʵ޷ܡ
ɵˣڶûֻڵڵʱܺķһЩΪԼϻͯҲֻòĸıˣԪӳһֻаŮ߻ôӶ벻ôɵģϻͯҪĵΪɲС
ˣɱϵĸ֣Ҫ䶯ˣĴ鱨֯Ҳڶʱ֮طһ档
ϪΪŶһСĳУȻ鱨֯ķֲڣͬʱҲи
ɱʬ˵Ϣܿͨ鱨紫ݳȥҲˡ

ʱǰһµͻȻӯӯ°ݣֹӴû
ҲһݣѾǰ̳м֮λˣǾ֮ڰʱҲںĺݣȻʬˣµ
Ȼ˺ˣҲûʲôù˼ɵģڣǸս
ﲻˡڰ֣ҲǸȡ裬ҵǲĪҪˡ
һΪҵıѩ񵤣ЧҶԵﾭһã°ɡ
˵˫ֵһУĳʸ
ܹƵ鵤ԭڵȨޣûȨˣҪϻ׿ϡ
ѾزԼ㶼ɱˣ㻹ʲôϻᡣ
ʱ۷սҪġ
ɨһ۵еİɫ鵤̺Ԫȷʵޱȣʶ鵤ҩҲ΢΢Ķ
Ҳûƴǣֱӽӹ鵤бչˡ
ʬһսսüҲҪûһ
ϣʬһս֮죬һڵˡ
ÿ꣬Ĵ鱨֯Ѽ鱨ʵÿһλǿߵΪȺͽƲǵĴʵһڵһʱкܴ䶯
֮䣬ǿ֮սǿ߱ɱԵλıͻᲹ档
һε棬Ϊġ


783 ׵
һʮλǿߣˣһϣ񺣾磬ϵǿߴǿߣչռĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ƽʱܼĲࡣ
ϣ£λϵĸֵԼ䣬ȻһЩҼĶ⣬ĲƸ֯Ҳûʲôϣ£ϵĸ֡
Ͼһʮλѣҵ־磬ͻΨһ׷ǶԳѰԵд֮Ȥ׽Ȩ͸Ȥˡ
ЩϼҼĶ֣Ҳǳ֯ṩԴȥġ
ΪӰشõ֯йעͨ񵥣˽Ĵǿߵ֪ϵʵ
ȫֽдװɲᣬһǿռһҳÿʮҳ಻١
ʮҳУһЩ˹עúд
ڵúд
ٶʮҳɺѪɰдĿĵĴ֡
ǸϸµĽܣսõʽȡõսȵȡ
ǹɱʮʬˣΪڣǧš
ϧ֮ʣѾǧʷ¼̫̫ţܶѾʳƵۡڽģȴǧĵһˡ
һ㣬䶯ˡ
ϪдĽϵУһʱ䣬ͥС
ǺܶһϢύЩǴ˵ͣ£ܿܲܣһûл
ⷴʹһһֱⲻôҵͻͽʵһ֮ϲڣҲûбҪܼҵˣⳡ֮ǰӮˡ
ʱ壬忴ϵЩɺ壬Щ־Ѫɣ֮
ʬˣ
ɱ
ô޷ġ
磬ô죿ͻȻˣҲû뵽㲻֪£һСӣȻɵϵʬˡ
ʲôͻȻܻ˵ȻʵʱҲ޲ߣֽסǿɲָԼʬ޹أõıӻ
Ǿʬˣɱǻãʬǻŭ֧֣Ѿڲ֮أǲڶʱҵһԿĸ֡
˵̫ӵ£ȫָж̫˵Ͳʲôڱصõڳ飬ǿԤŶ̫ӾԲԸʬ˳Ϲϵġ
Ǹˣܴͨ뿪ȥλ˰ɣзıʣѾǵΧ̾һµѾ޿κΡ
һˣ˱ҹ壬ļ壬жרĴͨ뿪ٲغĶ½׷ɱ
Ѿ֮λʲôϣˡ

ʱھŶ˳ǣһצ۵ӷŪһڵ¶˼֮ɫ
̫ӵ£һɫߵӳڴ֮Уצ۵һ
ǾŶ̫ӣʮʮ࣬⵹ΪԺΪָഺΪʮ̤ɣܣ̥Ǻòͱ˶ʮĽ׶Σǧ궼仯
ӣҲԸԶıӣȻʮʱڵĻ¾ͻٵһЩۼе˵ĸо
Ҫഺֻʮ̤ڣˣһ֮պ粻⣬Ȼɾ񺣣ǿеٮٮߡ
Ѹʲô£Ŷ̫Ӻеƽ˵
£֮ǰҹʹҪ̫ӵ£Ҫô
ӿƶСû̫ӵʸֻΪɱʬ˵ԭҲ̫ӻЩȤԲŻʱ
ȻŶ̫ӵͷң⣬Ѹ֮ǰ㳹СǮׯаٱе飬Σ
£Ŷڰе飬ǮׯͰٱʱûв鵽©УٵĴ⡣
ŶأŶ̫ĵͷ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ѿȷе֤λڼ䣬ƵĽףһЩİнԹͨе
Į˵ⷬǾŶ˾
νŶΪֱţƹȨ֯
ֲӵжλ֣ӱ֮һǿһĴºűѸ
еľŶ£ɫߣ߿ɲǰ裬ľɣľһԣǾǿԸһи֪ǿߣҲø֪͸ľһһֻҪߣܹ̽Ŷߵʵò
ŶֻоǧˣսǳֲɾŶ̫ԹϽǾŶ̫ӵұۡ
ܺã콫֤ãŶ̫΢Ц˵һе飬ʵѾг֮ˡ
Ѹ˵һǣȴڰľ̫ӵҪʲôУǮׯͰٱмһҵ֯Ŷٷ֮ʮľá
̫Ӳ׼ȫ̵ô
Ҫ֪һзչ˴ĹģҪ˵˭ƨɸɸɾǲܵģֻҪĲ飬϶ܲ˭֪顣
ǼˣĴʶĬľùͷĴڣΪܹңƸο֮һյ֮С
̲Щ֯ԾŶһԵʵѹƣ˼ӰĻ׾ٵ飬Ȼôʵִ֤󾭼֯ڹУߵĸܣ̶һЧ»ò˶͹ŵգ֮١
һһԪʯľز֮һԴͲҵĸ㡣
һӶ˼ѸΪԷȨ̫޴ԣо
ڣǾŶ̫ӣѸŶ̫ӵز¶һԾİ׳գҪʲô׼̲֯ôǱȻһ̶Ķ
Ѹ˼ţûжʣΪŶ˾ְ

С
ţŶ񹬵뺯
УӵһľǾŶʹ뺯ȻھŶ̫ӣ
Ŷ̫ȥͣͬʱ㣿ظϵݣüͷ


784 ̫ӵ
Ŷ̫ʲôˣЩҲ˽⡣
Ϊƣ츳ãʱƺʮʱͻɡ
ŶȨݷܹ֮ġ
ݷȻҲǻӣͬĻ֮޴׿;ŶĲ಻̸˵ƺݷ籾ڸĵλûʲôɱԡ
ݷֻһ竣Ժ棬ҵöܹƣʱա
ǾŶ̫ӣµ־ˣ֮⣬Ҳֻ֣ȥˣôҲûκιֵ鱨ʵǸա
Ʊݷֻûĺӡ
ܴ̩֮ȻƵµҲԿġ
˵ƴ˾Ŷȥǿ۷ʵ
˵Ƹԩ޳𣬲ںҲԸŶֵطʵ̶Ѩ
Ŷֱ֣ˣŶһңһƷŵĳʥء
ʦʮϳŶ˾ȫλʮֿǰ
֮⣬һЩǧ꣬ڰ״̬Ļ塢Щ˾͸ǿֲˣ
ʮ֮˾Ѿ񺣣ĳ˵ڵľŶȵµħ۹ҲһĿɱԣܴ½ֲ
Щǰ޵ֿ֮һ񹬣ɼˡ
ֱӾܾҲУ㲻üŭֻʬһս֮ϵ˻ûãҪȴһЩʱա
һתľܾʽˡ
Ϣݳȥ󣬾ͼͶ֮С
죬Լǲݣһꡣ
֮⣬ʮֿɹ۵Ԫʯľ
ЩֱʣҲд£˼
Ҫ֪ŶСǮׯͰٱڵҵͷҲֻаٱӵһֿˡ
λ仹ֻǹģƽʱǴ¼򲻻֡
˵ٱеλȻ࣬Ѿһǧٶ꣬ԶûǱǿ
ܽպܵõĻɹ
˭Ҳ˵ãʲôʱͻ񺣣ǿ񺣾磬ܹĴܣ
ǰһٵĸѾܵĴڣô񺣴ֻǺε
еĳϣҲо޷ˡ
ܽã½ǽʶһ񺣴ܣüĵλͻͽҪִ֪ȱǮȱԼеһѹ֮£ûǾȦķʱɱ
ΪϵãڼĵλѾͻͽټλҹ˼壬Ҳûв̳˵ĵλϻѾͨ飬ٹ£һգɼ̳д䡣
ЩӣϵľҪƳŶݼ׵ŵɫ鵤ܶࡣ
˿Ǭ¯ǰҩϣɫǲݡ컨ʯʮϵľ
ľƷƺЩаݵľ񣬰ܸһЩϧݵľ̫ѵˣҲҵ
ţʱȻоһɺ
ɱ
һݣ֮б󷨣Էڲƻ󷨵ֻɱ͸֤˵ɱ
ѸǬ¯˺ػ󷨣߳ܵأھضʮԶȻվһɫߵӣߣһĮĸо
ľɵߣ
һľ˽⣬̾ߵá
ľһи֪ôľߣ򵥣ҲЧĿķ񺣴վҲ͸ԷһʲôģҲƭƭԼΪˣΪ㹻ߵǰһ۾ͻᱻ
ԺԽǿǰӣû뵽ľá
ǡ΢۲һӵΪԷǲ֪ʲôط֮һ͸Ϊ
ֻǴϣܸܵһļµĸоԷǸеĸ֡
󣬲ûоղͷųɱҲж⣬ַ֪ͨԼѡ
һѾ²µ˵ݡ
¾Ŷ˾ԽѸ
Ŷ˾̫ӵֱϵ£⡣
֮ǰ̫ӵֹӣֹδһ¹ȥ̫ӵרοһֹӵ飬ͬʱʥֹһ˾Ŷ񹬣ֹ˻δãôһ󣬵ȴֹ˺Ϊֹ
Ŷ˾һ˵ҲûʲôѵɣֻܴӦ
Ĵĸ߲ȥֻǼһ̫ӣҲ̫ϵľкҵǾŶ񹬿϶С

ŶݣŶ񹬱λھŶһݡݡ
ݵʮô
Χ˸λƣݱһֱ쵽漣֮ıԵ
漣ܴ֮½λĴ룬ܴ½İͼΪԹԲΣΧֱϺຣĴƣм䣬漣֮ʹܴ½İͼһ޴ͭǮ
漣֮ųƲ麣籩֮󡣴ƬΪɫϿ籩֮񺣴Ҳ⡣
Ŷ񹬣漣ֻ֮ľ롣
Ŷ񹬵Ľ£ǰɸߵѩɽŶ񹬺ȻһڸɽϵĿлʹ
⵹֣Ҳǽɽϻ鵺֮ϣΪֵطӵƷʼѵ
ǰľŶ񹬾ˡ
ֻǿɽţܸܵŨϺһԪԡУһܸо·һ˿Լĵ֮УΪǱĬ
ɽžȹЧɽԪŨȿ֪ˡ
ҲϵĸָԸŶԭھŶ񹬳ڱչأҪԼȥطٳĶõöࡣ
ҲƷߡ
ûм߼޷⴦ĵȼ
ԣƽԹѸŶ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Ժ֮ɫ
˵һɽΪŶɽŶ־ԴɽһǧǰŶڵĿʦھŶɽţһֱڣ˺ľŶоŶɽоŶ
ֹӡС㣬ɽɣ
̫ͬʱ˳㣬⵹΢΢֣̿Ŷ̫Ӷ˵˵еˣ֪̫Ϊʲôĸô


785 ҿһ
Ŷɽߴɣɽ긲ǻѩããѩտĺ֮䣬¥ÿһ¥̨ӳ󷨣¥̨֮ѩ¥̨֮ȴڷ£ļһͬţʤա
һǰѩһдеֲĶԱȣ˼ɾ
ھŶɽɽһļˮأΪŻأʱŻˮ뵣ھŻصУһ̨ͤһµ̨֮ͤϸᵯпɽѩٵӷ񣬱ŮӻҪ߽ࡢ鶯ֱ·һ㡣
ĵ΢΢һЦ˵ӭŶɽ͡
һ׺˷
ǾŶ̫ӣ
оǰ̫ȫͬ
ĳ̫ӵ¡
򵥵Ĺ֣ˣд
ֿˡ֣ͬƽ֮۽˿ûоŶ̫ӵļӣѸȥң̱ȥ
ǡѸ˵ݹԸоǰľŶ̫ӦǸǷ޷Ѹȼĸķڷ
ֻǾŶ̫ӵĵͬһ֮У
ʮ̤ɣʮȥ֪ƵΪ˵ڼأ
ƿԽսһʵ൱ˡ
ңֻǹСʱ䣬ƱҲ˴ʱѾһϽۣͷϽڣצһɹɢ̲סĤݡ
ҪĤݵƾǴ˵е֮ν֮һֻǿȱȽȼûʲôãͲˣֻվǰо˾޴ѹ
֮ǰ񡢿Ʈƣڱ֮صһ𣬲֪ĸ
Ʋ΢΢԰׵ɫº͵һЦϵϢʱоѹһᣬɫ΢΢졣
ǸС㣬䣬СһŮ衣
һ仰ǶԹŮ˵ģмһЦܹ˼ɵһСĸܳŮ裬ΪеҲʮյзŮӺһŮһ꣬һʮꡣ
Ⲣǿ󣬶Է˵ǱûбӳһЩ
ߣߣΪ£ǱȫھҪӳԪ̫̫ˡ
ΪĹŮĵϲò毺ãᣬѾڵΪ֮ŮŮɼŶĵ̡
ŮŮ裬ָ;Ŷ̫˱裬ֲҪŮΪ棬ΪŻرĻժɶƳɣŻرĵر
Ŷ̫΢Ц˽ܣʮ꣬Ϊڣȴ͵ʱ򣬾Ͳˣ
Ŷ̫ԳЦЦûж˵žŶ̫˵Լ⡣
ȻŶ̫ȴûЩ˼̸Ĵķ飬Լɣ䡣
ƿڲżã̸·Ȥ̸˷ǳҲĶŵЩøС
֪̫ӵĳ£һ̸Сʱ֮ʵ
ֶˣֻϲʶӢУֲؿƼɡ
һ˵ʮֵ壬Ҳûٶ˵ʲôʵνʶӢ£ģбΪԼãƵĸֱ֮£ֻѣѣױܡ
²µƵ뷨ȴҲþܾ
պһʣ˿ĳʵܳ
̫ǫˣ֪ʲôֵ֣պǿܳΪܴ½һˣʱСҪֲǡ
һάЦЦûлشѯԼ⣬ҲǳʶȤûʣ֣һһЩܴ½ῡܣھŻ磬һȥȪƣӢΣ
ܱƳΪ¿ܵģȻܴ½֮е֮ӣǱʵ츳ˣһмǿӰһż̳ˣֻǼзӡ
δش𣬱Ů£幫ˡ
Ŷȥӭӣ֣ͬȥΣ
ţðɡӦ
ȷʵڽܴ½վڽһῡܣЩˣӶʮ굽ʮ겻ȡ
˵ڣʮѾҪˣڣʮͷʱ̤ɣôʮʱȻʮͬᣬټǿǧԪʮǿߣҲʵһ
幫ұӣǹӵȵȣĪǷǷ
ǰ幫νǾŶԵһ壬˼Ѫ⣬Ѫ֮ӡҲǼѪֻԵϵĹϵȥ
ǧǰһλ񺣴ܣʵʥؼڵļҲͻ񺣣ʱλˣȻ˵Ĵ棬ҲǾصĳ幫Ϊμ̳ˣλ֮Ժգ֪ˡ
ұҲǲ˵ŶĶ̫Ӳͬұ̫֮λһֱǿŵģλλľߣ͵λұӾ֮һʮͣλİļһȻƣҲǳֲ
ǹӿݲһЩȻүүȴǿǿ֮һָߵÿ£񺣴Ҫ
һȺܴ½еţеĻӡ
ΪͬԭҲͬߵݳϯᣬһȺվڽǼˡ桱Ҳִĸо
ǰӴ˱Щʵڲֵһᡣ
Ϊˣһһܿ˵ݡ
ÿһľһ֣ǰסǰ˵òͳͬʱ۲һǵʵպԼĴٲЩ˽Ӵġ
ܵʱֻ˼򵥵һ仰ǧΨһһڽš
ţұӿЩ㵣ԭΪλ֪Ժգ޷ԳȵĶţҲһ֮ġ
̨ͤһһµվӡ
ĳ΢΢֣ܵԷƵĿ⣬֣һԼѵʲôڲɣĪʬ˸ʲôϵ
ֻһȫּǿ߾ҪսսҪԼս
Ȼȫû뵽ǣ̤һָ·˵뿴һϴŵףɷ񣿡
ţ΢΢üóȻҪ󿴱˵ıɲһò顣
Ȼû뵽ǣ˽Ž͵һ仰ǣһ嶪ʧʥħ֮


786 Ե
ʲô
޻һ仰˵ȫ߶סˣֻǵ˵͵ħ֮
ϴŵףڳῡܻ˵һЩʬ˵һν֣˴˶ʹͬھʽƺƾһ׺ɫ׵סʬ˵һ
Ļǧŵһſ¾ǳս֮ˡ
޻˵ħ֮ԭģ
Ƿ׷װĿתƵϣĿ䣬ħ֮Ǭ¯ȡģȴ˵ʧʥҪֻأְԵݺӶ᷽ʽ˭ŭˡ
˵ϵģʲô֤ݣվ˿˿⡣
ʵϵʥħ½Щϵħʬ˻һħܣõľħʬҲɴ˿ɼǰȻдʥħ½ľħһ塣
겻мĿһۣ֤ݣߣѵ㣿˽֪ħʼ͵һϵĺɫħ۴ģ
֤ݣǷһ̵Цݣħĵһ
ħܴ½ֻϺħ۹ħ۹ħҲ򣬸δʲô
Ҫһ㣬ħǴ߰ǰôĵһ
Цݣ޻ӷŭˣʲôȻҳ
˵䣬޻ɱţ̨ͤ¶˲
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ھŻϳܻܵһЩ飬ύȻ˾ͽɱɱ˾ͽҲУ˾ͽӣУᱻһֱ׷ɱʱƱӻǼڹȻ
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ұ˵ʱЦҡͷڵŷұ֣㵥ĸ漣̫֮԰ˣҪ֪ܴ½ܶطųʵֻдèСèֻޣһǿ߽ȥȫ㶨
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ܱһȻ԰ȫҲǿܹġ
֮⣬漣֮ħӶᱬ漣֮ĺХħӵĺɫ֮󣬻漣֮ħеĿ漣֮ľħħ֮ǡ
ľϹֲɣħ֮Ϲߺ޾ɡ
ƣ
漣ܴ֮½ħӣɺܹ͵ģ߱Ȼϵ
뵽ʮǰܴ½ƽ٣ħг˯ĲŮԼʮ겻ϢϹŴ֮ģȷţһ̺ĳֲΪ֪ܡ
֣ұӿ˼˵
û£ֻΪ漣֮ضе𺳣֪漣֮лʲôرĶ
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Ī˵Լĸʽ漣֮Ҳȥ޻صģĺ嫣ǵ
漣֮кޣħҲ̫ޣǳһ¡Ѿȫȷţ漣֮ħֱ֮ȻϵǱһڡ
ֵǣ˺磬Ϊʲôܴ½ޱͨλ棿ǿ޵̫޾ħ֮ͨǿܹġ
˽漣ôʵ
ЦˡЦҡͷֶԭǴ˵漣֮ڲΪֹ̤漣֮һôܽ룿
Ϊ̸漣Żܶ߷׷˵һЩ漣֮Ĵ˵е˷
һֱ뵽̫ӵУһצۣǰƯһ̣Ϸܴ½ͼͶӰ
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ƿͼͻȻ˵֣ƺѼƷľ񣿡
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˵ģҩҪõǬ¯ЩҩϹ֪ˣ³֪ˡ
ûа˽ƿصϰߣҲעκһʥؼ
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Ѿãɫ鵤Ŷݼ׵֮󣬾һصĵطıչͻɡ
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791 ɫ鵤
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˵ű۾Ľë΢΢ţξӨˮ۽Ȼ䡣
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˵ժϵɴ¶һգɫҲĻ䣬¶ͷӯϸ塣
⣬ԭ԰׵ϷһĨ糺֮ɫʵųûĻѾʬ°ߣˡ
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ų㣬ڻɣƵԼʱ㣬ǲǾѾ׼˻ᷢһĻأ
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˵˭ҲûӦ㣬Ըѡ˻ѡ뿪ȫԼ
Ϊʲô̱ڵϣ
ŶԴ̫ӵأıӻǶζòĻԵ
˵ĸоƺıʲô²ΪԼܣҲԸ֮С
ӣվ̣̾һ˵֮ĳȷʵӦʣҿһ⣬̫ӵܲܰĳĻ£ǾͲ˵ˡ
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ӦʣѾǷһˡ
ллֹӡһݣѾʮ֪ˡ
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㴩·ֽʣһƣҲĸ

ҹŶٽ漣֮һɽ֮Уһɫߵһ㽵䣬Ǵľߵ
ľߣ񺣴ܵĸ֪ܸǿҲ򵥵òķ
һھŶߣľߡ
ϾǾŶĵ̣Լ뷨Ҳ޷ĿŵѲ׷ɱ
ȻˣΪСģ뿪̫ӵͨ󼸾θı·ߣһ˼ɽ֮С
Ԫޱƶ񤣬ûʲôԴߵˡ
䣡
һǹ̳ǹâжһ̴ɽ壬ֱӿһʮɵĴ΢һ¶ѨıԵڶڲ˼󷨺ͱ󷨣ŽС
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ֽһģһɫСͭ¯˳תţתۼ˼ɸߣӲӣƣǬ¯
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ҩΪӣѧϰҩһ̳꣬ҩʦо֪ʶƳɱĵϺħҩ԰йҩϰȴ޷Ԧɫ鵤ļƷҩ
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Ǭ¯Ҳɫ鵤һ̣Ϊ׼ʥǬ¯ܹĳɹɡ
¯ҩֽнɫ鵤вȡ߶һһƷ֮׷Ǭ¯֮С
֮ΪԶŻ˳ǵĽҲǳĻ𾫣ҩȻЧǷԶܴ½ҩʦЩؽƷʻܹġ
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ǲݣ͸µ컨ʯͬǲʧأͻᱻճɷɻҡ
Ż𾫵аϵĽɫͼڹâƣƽȵĻ֮£ǲҲɫҺΡ
Һںһ𣬾Ө͸


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ȫԪתа֮Уɫķӡâʢ
ҵϵԪнʳУһ鼫ƷϵԪʯѸٵʧȥ󣬶ھҵйѣɷɻҡ
ֲĻ˿֮Уһӵʱ䣬ľʼڻˡ
һε˸ŽɫľҺε֮ǰҩҺ֮УͷǺǾȴ߶ȼС
Ǭ¯һʮݵľһΣľܿڻγŨɫľҺҩİС
ľۻҺõĻʣ̺ŨľϵԪܹҩģֹܹȵĻ潫ҩսӶĳɹʡ
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ΪġԪȲߣаսġԪķ׭ϣˡ
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ӭǿ紵裬޵ٶȣϲʤŵļٶȱĻҪãƾԪ;ŵٶȣټؼأ
뵽ó˽Ĳռ̣һ̤ľ룬һǧɸߵΰɽͬϸһ㱻Ծ
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ǹԼ޵ٶΪ׻˫⾳ںսɽΪӽ漣֮ڲʯںХϴ֮±ޱȼ̣ȴǱһǹ̴ɽ

ᴩγɵǼֱĶڣһʯ˳Щʯڻ֮⾳Ļ֮ǰǱ鵽볾һ裬һʱϿȻɵһƬ
Ŷݼ׵ĵźҵʵһʬ˵ĻӦӮúˣ
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Ҳǻɱ޻ͨʱһЩƸЩƸ㲻ʲôѾӻĲˡ
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˵ҩ׬ǮҲǹֻ̫˷ʱˣܹڶ̶̴ʱƳɫ鵤ȫǿղճġǲƳɱʹϰӲĽġ
ϰֻǮ׬Ǯ

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컪ǾŶСһݣķ̶ȴݣ컪ݵ׸ƳǣǸƼǰٱеܲڣС󡢵ҩʤƴ
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ǸʥԲ̵飬ԶԵȡ֮ˣǡɱ
ǧȷ˵ʦɱĳҪȡ˶ԷֽСꪾ򣡡

Χ߶еˣȻ˵Ĺǣô϶ĹЩ֮²˵Ĺġꪾ˸ӴţôԲơ
ꪾΪܴУʦҲܳܵصУܵõΨһǻɱһϵˣõꪾ
Ȼкܶ߶ȥŵϣȴǱݣڳһʱ䶼ƷһʺţԷΪĿĶֶ֮
ˣʵߵΪ࣬ٵǰ¥֮ов١
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ħ֮ħ֮Ļľ˻ľԣԭ׵Ѿʧܶˣ벻ϣⰡ
ߵ۶һֲĶУһ߲ɫһվһƬһƬĳ⣬Ļ޳ܣǷųһǷѰԼһҲΪɱԼᱦᴫѰһûʵɡ
һƾá˵ȻǵۣϾꪾħ֮ĹѾġ
ӦѾҷ˰ɡ
һںȸһƣЦЦ
ȻΧߵĻ֤ʵĲ롣
鷢ɣҪùˣ
ȻͨѾˣϻ˵ʮԪʯܻ׽ģǿԸʮԪʯۣһöƷҩһƷ
һ˵ڳ߶һ׽ǿɲ룬ṩȴпܣʮԪʯ붼룬Ҫ֪һλһ㣬ΪڵĻӣȫҲԪʯˡ
õЩĻǹ⿿ҩܰʵȥ߹ʺƸɵĻôǧˡ


794 ֲ
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֮ǰɢϢĴ˵̨ղ˵׽ʮԪʯĽͣһöƷҩһƷ㣬ʲôƷҩʲôƷ
ͷڶҵһﾪˣ˼ƺĴ׽߶ǱѰͷ׽ǿûϵĸ֣һָͷʹˡ
ǻ񵤣
֮ǰ˵ĴȻ֪ܶĻڻǲĵԱרŸɢϢġ
񵤣
ҩ˵ڳһƬãȻı飬ȻûһЩȴǵɴ˫ۣΪ𾪵ӡ
񵤣ɹǿ߳ʱʹãȻҲڵʱͷ£̱ԪǿʵΪԺ񺣴»һȽ˷ѡ
ⵤҩǰʮĸۺ죬Ϊȥкܴʳɾ񺣣Ϊ񵤣
ԴԵ֮ɫĽ͵
ⷬͳܶ߶ǼֵʮԪʯߣ
ƣľס°ͣǷһ˿ЦѪŪԼٱԼˡ
ҲǡꪾδУħ֮ûҷĶ
񵤡ܵõһŵĻڳɾ֮Ѹʵˡ
ԭǻ񵤣ãããһ˵֣·⻯񵤾Ϊ׼ƵģмȲˬܵĵҩС˵·ֿɵƵģĸа
ʲôúⵤҩѾˣλ̨ǲ̫Щҵܻ׽𣿡
˵ߺ˵߿ɲǴײˣܴ½һʮˣһЩΪԭûģ˳ˡ
Щ˷ɢޱȹϣдּĴĻʹ֮أŵܲȵطŲھ¥һ˾֡
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˴ͷʱм߷׷Ӧ˿⶷߲ˬˣΪԼǴⰡ
ڳߵڵʣǶֻЦһøЩִӣֻյĲ˲졣
ʱǰ˵Ĵһתʵ̨մ
ڣ˵תͷſʮֿ㣬ֻ۽һ̡
Ըߵȼ˵޸һ̸Ͳʲô£еȻǹµģ˶⵶ܱĳ裬Ӳ֤ܱĴǳ٣ֻһΣϹͿˡ
˺ῡܡ
ԭڵϯʧʧ֮ǰ˵Ĵ󺺼æȭʮͷʵȻ񣬵ڣȴӵʵҵӵһֵţѾʥ֮µĶˡ
ȻȻλҲܸߣߵ֣ʥغĴ
ڵȻߣȴóһ¶ϣмĿܻ׽
뵽Щ󺺿ڵ֣ھŶı߾ɽķֲڣֺʦȤĻǰȥһλħʹ򣬲ó㹻ĳλæѰСˣĴУ
Ǵ˵ѾǳԣɳѰ׷ɱͬ˵鱨ԱϾŶǱ˵ĵ̣ҪЩҲһЩֱɳھŶе̺ʽѰֻܽŶı
ŶλħʹˣȻ߰ħʹķҲǰľܷħʹĻǰٵĶ֣
ͬߣʵҲǳرмˮ룬һʮʮǰʮǰʵܴķˮ롣
ǰһٵĸָٶȫһ
ٺ٣ҵħʹԳֵĻֵ÷ʲôġԺ˵
ȷʵͷϣȫɱ
ֲ֣ľλñɽ˾Ӻʮﴦϣֺʦܹ١󺺲ûνķֲҲûҪֲĴҲʲôܣɽҲǾŶ˵ɽֲħʹ򣬿ȷȫ
ãһڴӦ
ڴĽ䣬ɫһƷԪʯǣȻ뿪˴ڳ򲻻뵽ղ߳ŵģʮԪʯټһö񵤺һƷĻˡ
ɽֲħʹƺȤǴ˵óһЩ⡯֪ʲô
νġ⡱ˣֱӰͰڳǲӾͨŵܻ˵ĵʱܶ֡
ɽֲҲȥո֡
ţŲᶯܿͷƳǡ
ɽλھŶ߾ǧ߷ǧɣֱ
Ϊ㣬мСѧռһϯ֮أȻռݵԶԶȲֲ
¶ݹ⣬վһǧɵѩƽӰֲ֮Ʒϵݳޣ
һֲռƷϵĵϺħĪݴħ۳Ҳжֻħ۳ǱҲ񺣴ʩչͨתˡ
ԭܴ½в͸ټӶᣬѾܴ½ܱߵȫһϵˡ
Ҳܴ½в˸Ϊ漣֮жȻðͷоʮпܣôôɣĴΧ漣֮أ
治֪漣֮ħڲʲôܡ
ѩվһСڵԶڵٶȺܿ죬ѸٱǺȻһʮɳۣɼͷţķֲȥ
۹Ǽɫ绮ʣɸַµĶݹ⡣
ֲ˲˰
ѩɽһԾ£ŲȽͥŲһķֲȥ
֪óʲôͷĺܣܳûһѾˡ
ţӿ˼ٶȡ


795 ʮԪʯ
ֲһǧɵѩ壬ֲӰɽʼɽԪ㣬󷨵£ֲԲԣ黨ݲڸһЩĵطǰѩ壬겻־ɫһ𣬿ʤա
ĽԹӴΪܶཨǺʯɣȥһֺصĸо
¶ݹ⣬ֲɽ֮⡣
վסʲôˣ
ĸߴ
¾Ŷߣ˵ֲͨһȡеߣ˽һ
´һۣΪڣȻߣԶԷƺ˵ܲˣƺе
׷ȻҪ̸ıһߣֲĿˡ
ժ
˵
ûԥֱӽľժ£¶һʮƽʹ֮
丮ʱ򣬵ʱĸǾͨĸ֣ܸıòģһ˵ʣζϽΪӣ˿ûв
ݱģ޳ʱϻɣǾԮβݰɱξ練ɱС
֪ǱĸżеõģƷ൱Ȼڵ˵㲻ʲôƭΪǴ´ࡣ
ȥɣ
ҪǷݣȻа취ؼǸû˻ݽֲ￰̶Ѩǰһٵĸ򣬻֣ŶұѰһ׽ĸ·ܡ
ȫοǱҪԸҪĸĺ塣
ɽ֮󣬾´ľߣֲ֮иֺܶ࣬ɲָԼİܰ˶ƭȥ
һ·ǰУߵúڹ۲ֲΧõ󷨣йоصķҪǵУֱߵٽ֮ʱ򣬲ŷһܹĴͷ
һҪȥҪһֽˡ
Ĳýϲַǳ岿ֶħַл漰˰͵ħҩ԰˫ط󡭡ȻǼ̳ħ۵ĲִС
ţɲͬҪҪһֽţΪͬһɣħ۲ַĸûöͿ͸󷨣аʼȫ֮ǰ
·Ѿˡ
ţ̤˷֮УԶһЩ֮
ԼĪһĹһ֮ǰͨɫһǰһĵǰ㳡ʱڹ㳡֮Ѿۼ˲ߡ
Щ˴ΪϣҲڵСǸųġ
Щ߷ֳɼԵӪÿһӪиǣͷȻǶһƷš
ĴڣƷкܶ࣬ĴڣͬȺ˵Ĺϵ
ʱڹ㳡ǰڵڼҵĽ棬һŷ󣬲ϵıѤõĹ⻪ǵ˵ʵ൱ˡ
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ڴʲô΢΢ɻѯ֮ʱ־սԶһ̨Ȼһֲ֪ӣзԪʯ
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ԪʯֻͨϵȺͼƷȼ
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˵һԾ̨һ֧ʣҪŰԼ֡
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796 
ϵĹ۲ڳߵʵóĽǣħʹ֮⣬ʵΪһ㡣
񵤺ʮԪʯֿãҪҲֻһ񵤾ħʹֻ̫Ԫʯ
Ԫʯڵĸָ̨̨һСͱ󷨣һ͸һԪʯ
ֻⲼãʵͶ󷨵˽̶ȣҪһƿѡ
˵ˣֻӣֲҲ뵽Ȼڻ᳡ϹȻ١
ǰĸ֣پǰĸ˭ΪЩƸŭ
νˣѾݡ
Ը⽻ꪾĴкħ֮Ҳ׷ɱڣѻȷϹ١
ҹؼǣ޷ꪾĴУΪдʵֻħ۵ļ䣬Ҫļ׭̵ϣҪԼ޳׹С
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ʱ㳡ǰһ죬ִʮɿ⣬öԷѪ
һߴȺзһѽס˵ῡܣŭĿӡ
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˵ŵƣЩС˸ҸʣһģȻԽС֮ܿ᳡ͱһѹ
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ЧϷŰԪʯĸ̨׼ӱдԼ֣ʱͻȻԵƿһľߵӷɵ˹㳡롣
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üͷһеıʣвġ
Ŀľͣһܿϳھ¥еߡ
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һûϣżȻϢϹèӵ̬޹ֲĴߣƻһʱѪͳˣ˾Ҵġ
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ȻԷٱסǴ¶ļԿӦñȽᡣ
ʲôľ˫壬û
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Ԫһʱ·𱩷еҶһ㣬޵ֿ֮
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ʤ׷Ȼ̤ǰһһȭһȭ֣Ϊ˲˼ȻӳڶȭΪԼĺв۵СѼս
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һ֮󣬾ʦϸֶĵرΣҲԴ֮ãһ᲻º֢ȴ˵
ԴһҪ׽Լ񵤸ԼͻƵļһȻκ֮ģΪɱԷɻҵĻ˳·
㣡
ʦۿͽܱŭ˼㣬ΪֲԻ˺
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ܹһڶеͷޱͨ
ããܺãĮ֮Ѿжľ˫νľ˫ֻ̣Ҫ岻Ʒ׼öԷʹĴۡ
˭Ҫ̨ô
վ̨֮ϣĮ˵ϵľеı飬ԹǶŵĵƣɫĶߣ͸Ũɱ˲
û˸ӦԷǸˣʵǿһͿóȻ̨Ļǵİ
֮У̨ö֮ʮԪʯֵԭҪȽӽ
ʼһֵëʣڴͬʱĿⲻɨһʮԪʯϵķһ̣֮ͫƺֽӵķġ
ڳߵĿȫϣħʹ΢΢üܸоʲôԾĵطȴ˵
߳Ĵִëպī֭±磬ɱĴֻһ˲Űֽ֮ϡ
󡰽ֵһΪ̺ǿֱһ潣һ㣬Űп룡


797 
㳡һƬžڵѪڵĳϻŭĿӡ
ʵٶ̫ˣּ˲֣Ű͸ֽ̺һɷǹĴ֣ȫ߶סˡ

һЩԺгһ˲ĿհףһɲǣֹâһɫǹһصĴԪʯֵıϣ
磡
ֻһַ飡
һ죬Ҳ˶Ӧ˹ľߵʹõĺɫǹǹҲ֤һ㡣
ҳӵģ
Ȼֲҳӣ
㳡ħʹŭµӺȻ飬ͬҵļһ
һЩҲѸٷסֳҪȻԶĶ֣һ»ǿ԰쵽ġ
ذΧ֮УһָʱӣҪ
ѵصķӦȻһץһԪʯԼֽ֮С
ң
ħʹӶˣףٵģ
ֲħʹڣ־ۼĴĸޡϣ£˵ע֮УȻȻͣ
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ĿħʹһǹһǹԶԶ죬ٶҲﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣǰٸֵʵ
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ʮԶħʹɫöܵγˮˡ


798 ˼ٶ
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ħʹܻԭΪͨĳּǱܵطôٶȣطһиãҾԲܳʱ䱣ȥڷɳȥôãûаߵı֣ƺһ㣬ԽԽ죬̫Ѱˣ
һǧǧǧǧ
һֱӽǧɹɽٶ˿
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ħʹλʮ˲òֽȡһʯ龫Щʹ̷ȥ
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ǵԪĵ켫ޣΪǣܱǼֵøãɲ˶Զˡ
Ϊ׵ǵڶħʹʮƶ˵ʮ
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ڶħʹɫΪѿϵʲôܣΪʲôĶô죿
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ߵķͬ˵ıһԼٶȱܣܳһס׾ͽƣ
߰˳ɵٶȱܣԱٶܳǧס
ھˣһֱ߰˳ɵٶȷУɳǧĵҲ󣬼ţָԶһߣԵеԪʼձֳ״̬
ǺŵħʹͲˣʱּ̱ٶȣȴԽԽԶħʹѾǵ̷ʯ龫ˡ
׷ˡڶħʹȻͣһʼǾֻʮԶȥһٶ
ѾβԪԪҩٺãȥҲᵼԪڴʣ޷ӳ۷սھŶǷǳΣյġ
ҪôжиҪôһķطСڶħʹ˵
ٶȺͳ־ϳɣʵţ
ϵĺöôô࣡ħʹܻĵô󾢣׷ôԶֶ飬Ƥӵ£ĿʮԪʯֱܴ裬ýֺͷϵϢᴫѧ磬ĴҶǵѧЦ
ҶҪ׽СӣƤ
ħʹŭ˵뵽ʮԪʯӶҪ۵ýһˡ
ʮԪʯҶѵõϵԪʯƽʱöãֻͻƿ߶ɵʱŻøʮ顣
ζʧʮԪʯѴ̣϶Ĵ
ȥҲȫջҼϢ·´ξľߣҲϳڶħʹܲһƧ֮شϢ
Զݳǧľ룬̣ûʲôҪȥҪɻȥ뵽ħʹΪƣɫҪѿжѿ
ڲ׷ô
ھħʹﴦǷһȣ˵ħʹĲСҲԲȥսǣ˶ǿߣ֮ʢ񺣣ˣʱǻʼţеٮٮߣ¶ԷֻһҲȥǣǶ֡

ɽֲ
̫嶯ˣ֪ΣϧɽȫգǸû취ȥ
ǰϧˣһս
ٺ٣ɽҲ¹شϴŴֱǸƶ⣬ץס֮ǰϢȻй¶˽ȵǵĻͼɵˡ
ɵ޻ŽǷ;ĩ·ʱ˴㳡Ϊһ޹ɽֲĸˡ
ܴ½˼ʮֲֲ˵ĳƺΪΪĿ϶࣬Եλߡ
ɽֲ⣬ɽܾŶڲˣǷֲ󼸸֮һֲҲǿʵȻ޹񹬵ħʹλܶࡣ
˾ͽ
߱ȭ˵ΪɽӴϵ˾ͽ
˾ͽȭ񣬡λ԰꣬ħʹѾȥ׷Ӧòʲô⡣
һ˵ţһɽֲħʹ򣬷һ˾ԶԸǹٶĪ
ֻҪץôʮԪʯߣҲᱻȥԸҼǴһϾȺӢҷֵġ
뵽˾ͽ鲻


799 ǹ
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¼ֳҲӦõģҲǶɽֲıƴû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ͻ¼Դɵľźʱʧ׽סһ⸶˾ͽŵץס˵ĺ£ȻںһЩźƻʲôġ
˾ͽ̫ˣǹˣպзԸǵĵطܿڣǣ
޸˾ͽһ໥άʱţʱȻȥ

ʱˣôû˾ͽƤ΢Щš
츳ҲٶħʹʵӦģʲô֣ǰػʹܹʱߡ
ܣǰ´ô˵̫ԶҲûʲô壬ĻҪôͨ뿪Ҫôƻʧܣʱ
˾ͽʱˣûץôɽʲôʱųϿѯʵʱȷʵȽϾˡ
˾ͽȻҲֹȴ¶ʮЦݣħʹǰٵһ֣⣡ɽӦúܿģλһЩ
һɽ󣬸һЩϢԼģҾͨѶ˾ͽҲóȻʹʹ˭֪ǲǴսĹؼʱ̡
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ʮּ򵥵ĵɽ֮ƣħʹ֮УһΪбŭԺг˼άհףֻŵһʱɱѩܡڶԶԶ͹ķȫû뵽ڱ֡ٶȡаǧ֮󣬻ɱɽֲ
ǣͷչ˹һĻħʹصɽҪĶϴ٣
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ĿһɨԭõĵطѾ񵤱ˡ
Ҳ֮е飬񵤲һֱĿ֮¡
Կ϶񵤾ڳĳߵϣʮԪʯʱħʹŭ׷ǵʯ֮䣬ħʹʱ⿪񵤵󷨣ȡ߻񵤡
һ񵤱ڹ㳡ϣĿǱɽֲĸ
ĿڳһɨһϣѾλ֮⣬ֻǰףΪﵽɣʮа˾ɽֲĸˡ
˾ͽֽеĶǹɫޱأ֪ʲô취ƭħʹʣħʹʧˣ
شһο飬ͬʱҲһĻᣡ
ܻ׽Ǵһ˶õͣ뵽˾ͽͼŵͬʱ˫Ŀ¶ѪĹâ
λܣ˭˿ԵʮԪʯ񵤣Եõٵһö
ǳʱ̣˾ͽѾʲô˲ˣΪץסϧһдۣûȨŵصʹ͡
ٵ
˾ͽһ仰˵ڳһ㶣˫Ŀų˷ܳȵĹâ


800 Ѫɽ
ڳĴ˵֮Ѿûʣ̫࣬ѽһ£ܹʵһ񺣳ɹʵĻ񵤣ǵջʵ
ܶ޻ȥữҪΪ󱲿ǵģǾ»񵤣Ҳûܴɵɡ
ٵȴֱͬӴ񾭣Ƿ񵤣
Խ߾磬ǱԽ֮ԽʢҲԽӳԷ˵һƷʵİҩӳʮԪĹЧ˵ƷʵǧҩҲƵЧǶɸ˵ܹӳҩƴ˵ڣûĵ̣붼룡
ٵеٮٮߣܹӳܹ֮ʢ꣡
񵤼ĴҲ࣬Щ˵꣬ζпΪһϻ񵤵ĻͻҲпܵģ
֮ĻԵôһ˿ΪãĿܽ񺣣Ȼ񺣣ǱϾ񺣰̥ǣޱ䣬ǧԻӻ˵ɰӣ
һϣǰٿ⣬Ϊڣô̵ʱ䣬ΪҲûͻƣʵдĽĸֻ֣ҪϺãȻܻ׽
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뵽֣һĴ֣мƣ˾ͽ˵
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һһʵߣһȫٺ˵ͬʱӳеؽƷһնԪ֮ϣȻֻһ죬ؽƷԪϣȥƲ綴ֽһߵĻԪüĹ룬һѪ괩
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ʯһѽסߣղһǹϾסһЩֻǱǹâɨУֻˣΣ˾ͽͲˣһǹᴩ壬Ȼ㿪Ҫںܶྭ඼ƻѾȫʧȥսˣ
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ԾԵٶƱ͵Ϯһɵ˾ͽƾǿķӲߵĹߵĽģǹشԷ
ӮɣʵĺͶսֵİղȫ淢Լƣѹ˶ԷƣսһĵĻ㿪Ŷݼ׵ţҲʤ
˾ͽ󣬷ǶҪʯԪ˾ͽ˵֣Ҿ
˾ͽѵ֧壬һֱûףħʹȥĶˣ׷ȥʱʲôΪʲôһ˻ˣ
˾ͽ֪ʱħʹǧ￪εطɣΪ˻ָԪѡ˳ۡ
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ħϢѾȫʧˣ˵ûпܿٷȥ͵ϮɽֲħʹֲԤУĵʵ
ħˣȻ˦ǣҲļ͵Ϯɽ˵ɽڶ࣬ȫʢ״̬ҲδӮġ


802 ɱ˾ͽ
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ѪϴֲΣЦֻΪ׸ҷǿЦ֮Դϵħ۴֮ʱѾҲݣȻˣȻǸʹۣ
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һ˵Ѿǰˣʯһλ߶ٴУ亹乡
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ŵʼ֪ͨɵܲЩſɲֹһ֣ھиǿ̫ϳ
һʱ䣬ĹâȼĻ⣬˫Ŀ֮¶ɱгǹת
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ռ֮ƬϺХĻ棬Щӳǡ
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ʯᣬٶȼӰ죬תۼڰɿ⣬ߺ˾ͽͲˣ˾ͽؿһڴѪǰͨھ඼Ԫƻ߰˰ˣٶȻӡ
ۿʯת쭣ͬʱҲֻƴȫˡ
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ֻһգ֮䣬׷ǰ˾ͽ
˾ͽӿһŨŨľУʵˣսƽʱһɣ׷ϱɡ

˾ͽҺһתӭ
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һ˾ͽֱӱƷɣĿĳǹһɫĹ磬ʺйᴩڴͬʱһֱնϣֽͬһߡ
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˾ͽƤһˤڵֵһʮɵľ룬˲һƬǽʯשϣһ˫۾ʵ죬ɵùԲĿ
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Ƚ˾ͽΪ²⻯񵤾ϣΪ˱;֮лٵҩ׷ĺȻǷɶٶߡ
ʯһǳķбԪ˷ӾΪ˸Լᣬֻɱٶˣһ˿Ϣ֮
ȫԪעб֮Уʯûйôٶȣ


803 
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ֻҪûѡ׷ôٹһʱ䣬ǲ֪ȥʲô˵ħʹȻϵʱͰȫˡ
Ψһһ
ţʯͷҲصûܣʱȻԪƿյĺХ֮
һɱǵص

ʯоȫû뵽ԼΪٶȣȻϢͱ׷ˣ
ǰνٶȫ˸Ц
׷ٶԼǴȫߡ
ʱһܱŷǱ
ɱֶµʱʯȻתһھѪ˺񱳵ϣѴ󵶱˳ĿѪɫԪХʯһһӳ
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ѪΪ鵶һն̺ʹͬʱꡣ
һ˼ĹնжԷԼҲˣòһʱ䣬ʯʱóȫǱƲѣΪķ̫̬ˡ
Ԫħ֮ټһʹЧߵķ콣Ҳ˶ѡ
ȻʹЧʯҲֻó鵶
ֻصһʯԼԹҪʧܣֻͬھķʽ֪һѿеĹͷ׷ȥɱˡ
ڵһһ깥ô
оһǿҪֻи񵲡
һ񵲣ٶȱȻͣͼ̵ʱ䣬ʯȴܽһɳ롣
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ʱʱȣսپʱ䵢ľˣȥ׷˾ͷǳѣϾڱ˵ĵ̣һԮϵͻԽԽ鷳
гǹһֱͦʯ鵶ǹ֮ϣ⾳ռ䷨֯ͭսעУ죡
һǹ޷˵Ĵʯ񣬸ܶԷĹ
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鵶깥гţǰʯɵʱ򣬾ƾһУնɱһɸ֡
ǹ鵶һǹԷؿڣ鵶Ҳصն䣬Ҫնϣ
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Ԫûһ˺ѣ飬Ѫ䣡
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ʯѪʹؿѾյһƬһǹ̳һڴѪΧԭ˿ʯģˡ
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ٷɳʮı䷽¶ݹ⣬Ǳɽ֮УȫϢȻҲҡ
Ժлͷɾʱ˼ҵХ֮ԽԽԽԽ졣
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ֲ޵ٶߵ;˼ܵͷ־ˣֻ֣սֻƽʱ߳ɣӮÿΪ㡣
ҪɱңҿԽŻ۵ĲƸָ߳ɣ
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ø߷ϻгǹɨֱߵʺ
߷һҺƴһȻֳֻֽôƴùĳǹ
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һ죬Ѫɳȥ׷ϣ磡

֣߳Ѫģ
ǹһתߵĻԪһǹֱᵤ
Ԫսߵˣһץߵֽ䣬׷ɱһ˵֡
֮ǰѾսӡǣһ߶񺣾ս飬Ȼȫλ񣬵Ǳȴûһս飬ҲͲܽ⿪սӡǡ
ֻǼʮϢʱ䣬صɽֲʱѾһƬǽ壬Щͼȫˡ
𣿡Цһˣ֪ܲȷѡ񣬿ϧ
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һǹâԭվĵطʯ粣һѣһɲĶƾճ֡
˭
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804 ޹
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ĳһʱ̣ħʹȻ˫ۣ֮ͫУһ˿âѾָˣҲ˰ɣвǧ룬ҽȫٷأʲô¶
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ʧƽĳ裡ǣͬҲǶߣصǱȻܷһж͡ڶħʹ˵ȭͷյ죬޲ýƤ
ħ˵ĲҲȫջط׽ϢһľҲᱻϳǻϤһŵƣǾױȵٶȣ൱ǰʮĸ֣
ߣԼĳܵķбоţϣٶȿΣֻҪϢǰƣԵͶ
λȥǾʱѩ˳ܣ
ħʹŭ侲ţǵɭ䣬Ŀ֮гɱʱԻ谵ڲͻȻȼŻ⣬мը̻һ㣬ǴĹâ
ħʹһĿеϢԭΪʮԪʯϢʽʵĴӦϽɫǻɫҲͬһʱ䴫ĵҼ١
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ţħʹԭŭдƽɫסˣ̶ɫȻȥȵ괫еϢ֮󣬵ڶħʹ˫ĿѪ죬ȭͷȻսһһŤ
ǣѪϴֲ˾ͽ񵤱٣Ӣ˹룬棬˲

ڶħʹһ˴Ļ⣬쳤Х
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Ѫϴֲɱ˾ͽޣôܣħĿѣϢǼٵġ
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ħۣչ٣һеɽֲɶݶȥ

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ΪֹԶŻ˳Уǿߣ
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ԷȻʵԸ֪̽飬ȴʵȴһ㣬ʱʱ̿ɢսĹԡ
߲Ǳ壬һս飡
пǺɽֲʲôƷƷϸһս飬úߵ־˲ͶӰ
߿ѿЦˣ¶һɭơݡ
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ҲʱȻǳ֮նɱ󲿷ͼѶߣ©֮㽫Ϣ˳ȥ
˭תǹָǰߵӰʶԷֻһս֮侲
ֲڡɽڵŶƷеĶҲǿ񣬲񺣼֣ôԷȻǳ
һ˵ǿ߻ǧϵ񺣺ǿɴﵽ֮ãԷӣѵѾǧˣ
Ϸ˾ͽϣ壡̫ϷԾˣҲ֪ʲô취ħʹѪϴɽֲΪֹˣ̫ţľ֣ش֮ܣôҵϣ
˾ͽϣ壡
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һߣ˴֮֮ͻ忪ʼ·нľ֮ʱʵֻ۷ʱڵһ룬ǼˣҲҶ˾ͽ˿ӣԪĴܣΪŵòͻƣԸùẒֲ́ϲŭ޳
Ҳ֪Ūħʼ۵ĴУƺĴиǳͬһħʼ۵Ψһߣħʼ۵ĴУ۷ܴ½ĸ䣬
ԭԸ⽻кħ֮ϴȥħ۴еļ䣬߼ƵĻҲһЩôȻڣ뱻Ĩɱ
ϴȥ䣿½ƣŭЦǾͨĸֳϴȥһߵĲּ䣬ҲԶԷˣ˾ͽϣǰ˵޵Уϼʶˣ㻹Ǵͷβļ
˾ͽǷһ˿Цݣ֪û˸ô˵ˣȤһССߣȻǧţǸټǾө֮£̫΢ˣϷɱ㣬ͬһҰһ⣡˾ͽ˵ţͻȻŤһɺûߵڡ


805 ս֮
˫Ŀ˾ͽϻɵḷ́һ͵ı顣
ħһ޿ײ룬ȫûߵ塣
ߵ鴤˼£ҲûбķӦԺ̻Ȼδ
Ϣ֮һϸֳ΢ЦͻȻڿն𣬶ؿڻһƬѪģ߹Ƕ֮͸˿ڿǻеࡣ
һ˾ͽϵϢɢ˳Ѿ˾ͽϵս֧ˡ
ʵϣصɽֲ֮ǰߵľ֮Ѿ˾ͽϵ־ն˱ûججͬʬһ㡣
ս֧һսսԭôá
սߵ־֧һ壬ԹעУǿһ֧Ҳǲܡ
˾ͽȫƿߵָ֮һһ緢һıģתš
תѸٱ󣬲Ƭ̣Ȼһ˴ĳǹ
˳ǹʱüһǺȻǶƷ
߲ýǹȻģôпܣ˶Ʒǹ˾ͽսԸŵıڣյɽֲѪϴϢ󣬾ͨɫǹԼ־ʱͶӰ
˴̳ǹ˾ͽеʱƾͶȻˣħɭɭѪ֮ӡӳǹзɳٵתš
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Ҳ˵˾ͽʵ񺣾ʽս鸽һǿս־Ĳһ£вԲڵĵطսӰ졣
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˾ͽ֮ǰľ磬һһ϶սһϲͨǾսһЩŵҲڵľԶ
СӣȻս飬ãҾþǿ־ɱ㣬Ҽʶһǿ߿ֲıɽһǣһ֪ԵΪһ츳ֲġ
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˾ͽϿǰٱľ޴ǹٶԱԼֻϸĺɫսꪣ˶ɵˣϵıŤӵƴͼ
Ǻصɫԡѵǡ
ͭɵս飡


806 ѹ
߶񺣲ս飬ЩǿߣʱһǵۼţдǵۼжĴڣϾۼΪԭδܳɾ񺣣Щܽǵ츳ֵ󣬱Ȼй֮
ǾһȺ֮е֮ӣҲھս飬Щˣڳɾ񺣺ܾú󣬲սż񺣾ƳŻĽս
˾ͽս鷽츳ˣһ񺣣սͣ󾭹ǧĥսӳ͡СɣһֱǿɵżͭԲ붼룬ڴ
ڣᣬȻѾӵɵս飬Ϊڣ
ɾɣ񺣣ս̶ֲֳȣ
ⲻܣ
˾ͽвţǲǱһϹֶˡ
ۿž޴ǹɽһ˾ͽϿХһֳֺɫսһꪴ̳
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һǹ£ԭѪģ˾ͽ־ӵҡ
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ɫ׳
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һһΣ޼ɵĻǹ£˾ͽϵвۡ
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һʮΣ˾ͽϵ廹ڳ飬ÿҪһθá
˾ͽϹ㻹ǿЦЦ˵
˾ͽѾŭȼ̸ͭսǰ־Ѿ޴ˡ
־ɳĮҳһ蹵ڻɳ֮ϣǲȱ⣬һ䶯š
֮ף
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Щ׷ױճɻҽ֮Уϡ˾ͽ֮гһգ֮ŮΪѪ֮ӡɣŮΪ¯

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־˳߻ص˾ͽǰ䣬֮֮ԹֻҪлᣬ᲻һеô
籾޶ħΪԹޡ־塢̰Żֻ󣬹ħͷϧȦһС
ħ⣬֪ͨǣ뿪ϺѰȥٳױܣüȻ˼һľߣȻܴ½Ҳ͹鱨ѼгһգһǲԼĳô룡
ңиݷ磬֪ԼĳҺܿѾµԼ
û⡣ħӦ뿪ʱ򣬾ͷֳһھ֮УһƾҲΪ˴Ϣ
Ĵʵ̫ԶûִܽϢǧľ롣
˵ز˾ߣ
ûȥ̰ͼɽֲĲƸѾ̫ˣɽֲĲƸȻػҲҪһʱ䣬ɽֲ𲻸ߣӵеĲƸҲΪޣֵΪðա
һɨ˾ͽµֽ䣬Ŀ񵤾Уͣ˾ͽµƷǹߵֽ䣬չȫٷɶݣɳ֮߰㷢һЩ̵ĵɽ
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ףˡҸղŸоƺˣôת۾Ͳˡ
һʿģ߳ղʧĵطȻǶΪ
һСߣԱڣһ֧飬ŵ齨һƷˣĴȴֻһִСӶѡ
չ᲻оˣΧʵɽֲѪϴǱʱǰɽֲ
ţҲɡչ΢΢üȻʵǿڸ֪츳ԲܱΪ鲿һΪ߳Сǿ߶޷ǰΡ
ٴ̽һûʲô쳣ģչ΢΢
ʱչǰԶĵطȫƣֽͣͣ䣬ʱ׼֣ʵһֻҪ˲ɱǰֻСӣѾǳΣյΧԶͿһĴܸһǷ֣롣
չû뿪ƺ׼ѲһµӣʱԶһ绮ʣԼԼԿһۣ֮ϣľħͼƱ־
ǴħʹħʹҲˣмӼ˵ԭǻЩΣգڿħʹҲˣʱͷġ
һħʹеһħʹҲǴħʹǿҪħʹǿһŴħʹһˣܵס˵ֹ
ǿȥ
á
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ȥСʱ䣬ռˮһ㲨ȷ˶Ѿ뿪ŴŤĿռ۳Ρ


807 񣬷
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ղŶԷεĿֲϢַ·һ߲ɽĸо˾һ֣
ҪĿֲĶࡣɫأȫϢͬʱѸٽɽããɭ֮С
̫Σգ׼ϢɭǰΣջή͡
ڲ֪Էʵǳ֮ǰóȻԷͻΪǣЩ֮ǰȡķٶõʱɽֲֻǵڶħʹ
ǴħʹڵĻܻԼܲƾ辪ŵٶȴѡ
̫͹ɵĸ֣˾ţҲǿйƾٶȶ£ϧҶԷ֮⾳ޣ򡶽顷ٽһϾţҲҵٶȴﵽɼ¡
ڷаܹ׻֮ʱʵ飬ϧаӲ޷Ӧ
Сʱ֮һصɽУһʮɿĺȫϢ֮УźˮƯ£䷽ʮְȫˮϴȥһпܱ׷ٵϢн䲻ضԪҲὫֵĸʽ͡
ƯڱĺˮУԼĴ֮ɸ֣һ˾ݷܵĹľļʦˡ
ʣԪѾ꣬ս۷ʱڵһ룬꽫оͶ뵽ľļϣ֮ģʼԣʵ£ûʶǿߵĿֲ룬ǿ߶һֳ֮ϣôǵ֮ʱǵۼţ˽ܣֳɳɵľ磬ʵǿ֪ˣ
֪ǰʮǿ߻ﵽ־磬ǰֻΣ
ţоԼҪߵ·Ѫϴɽǵܴ½в棬һĶ⣬ưոݡ
ټ˾ͽϵսͶӰǴŭǧϹǰѾ˿ֲ޷˾ͽϻǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
֮᲻ϧһд۵ѰԼ
ƾãǿ󣬸ƣ˾ͽ񺣴ܶѾʮѾǽӽƷŵĴˡ
ĳԶܹġ
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Ϊȥôţôֲ࣬Ҳվ
ħ֪룬΢΢һͻȻ˵Сӣи˼׼ɣ²ô׵ġ
ţ
˵ҪɣҲҪ߸ʮŬ·;ǳǰҲΪԻͣǰǣֵܼ󡭡

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ʱѪϴɽֲϢѾ糱ˮһ㴫Ĵ
ڴ֮ǰѾųϢȡĴУҪ߼ͻ׽
ʮԪʯƷ񵤣ͣǰٵĶֶΪ֮ȻĶ߼뵽ѰĶ
ԼͷֲΪݵ㣬ӢۣĴһЩƷϵǵ鱨硣
£ܵ鱨Ѱ֮У˶ΪҪΪһǣɲǹ֮
Ȼǰ飬ȴ˵һһǹѪϴɽֲȻ׼ȫ°ߣˣħʹɱɺپӢӣλĴ޸һ©ȫɱ
˲֪˾ͽϵսǻɱĴޣѾ𺳣˳ȴŷ߱ȽֻǿλĳЩŲϣˣߺʯǶʵʵڵ֣ʬ˲ضá
֣Ȼȫɱһûӵ
ս𾪣һɱɽ͵Ҳ˵
ЩɽҴӣجΣ˵ѾǵħѲˣպʱܱܿħɡ
ֻ֮ö̶ʱ䴫˽֪ǧĺܣ¸֮ʱҲûκһȼ磡
⻹Ϊֻ֪ģ䣬ʮȴ֪ʵʮ꣬Ѫϴɽֲʱ򣬻ɱ˾ͽϵսͶӰĻǧĸ־͸ˡ
츳һЩĲΪ̬չȥܿڲõĽΪܴ½һˡ
һ֮Ӱܴ½֣
һδǿߣȷʵѴɳȥպܻвǣȻҲǡ
£Ȼãδ£õ
£ɱĻɱû⣬ɱ֮Ǿȫһجˡ
Ҫִ֪д˼ɱôףҲ֮ص𣬳Ǿ߷񣬷򲻻һδɳ޵Ž
ʮһʳ¯
һΪġ
ɱĴޣζʵмĽƫƫΪûдȵĪ⡣
㼸鱨֯ҲûܸһĽֻͣܺƲ޳ĳطѪϴɽʱױȵٶȾǼõ֤
¯֮󣬶̶ʱͱһգǷ񣬶ǰЩʮ겻ôĸָû˿Ȥֱ󷭣ȥѰӰ
ڶٰʮҳɺɰ֡
ǺɫʼճķѾΪˣٰʮҳζʵ˶ٰʮپʮ֮䣬ıΪʮ˵еǿߡ
䲻ʮ꣬Ϊڣλٰʮƿž
ֵ½ǣкڱдµĸС֡񡱡
ĸ֣ǵһ鱨֯ĳЩضַţܵõŵҪôʵˣҪôǱޡ
ʮˣҲֻɵܻ÷š
ŵĴβСʥ𡱵ȵȣгν񡱱ߵһ֣á񡱳ƺŵֻ߲ʮˡ
߸ǰʮҲǰʮȻʵɶ⣬Ǳ̫ǿ⣬س񺣡
ûʮԺá񡱵ķţȻԶٰʮˣ
Ǹߣ
ѾڿǷбҪӻΪǿܿս
ֻǵֱϵӵܣΪľţΪУֵã


808 һ
ھŶǧﴦһСɽΪɽԪԣƷҲֻǿƷѣȵռݵҪԲһ㡣
ɽϾۼСţƷš
Ȼƽʱ˴֮Ҳìʱȴͬ飬ҲǿסһƷӶᡣ
峿ʱ֣ĵɨ㿪ʼɨɽʯϵҶһЩĵʼһһԵƽƽ
ѾĴķΧֵشƫԶƽʱ罻µӹʮְݣû񺣣ֻǴﵽѾǳˡ
Ÿм̫ϳһŴϲΪѡ
Ϊ׵ǰڣΪһڵ̫ϳϣΪľƷ˵һ̫ϳϣǾͬгưˡ
ľϢȻ֮һֵĸо˫Ҫʲôʱоƺһ紵ֻһʲô֪ˡ
һһڰ̫ϳϵ֮Уһ۽»Եߣ΢΢ҡͷסһǿߣϢڶԷӵ¿һȻѶȡ
֮ǰĵڰ̫ϳ֮ھ򶴸Կռ֮ԷˣֻܽԷŪιȥˡ
ħû˵㵱ϼһɵӡӰ˼Ҵ´򶴣ʵٲҲˣҪȻǴÿˡ
΢΢һЦΪ⣬һӰʧˡ
һδչ֮ãһζɾ緢ʽôʱչأȫ֮أǾҪĺܶԪʯ
ҹؼԪʯ̺ԪȻŨȴ΢꣬Զɽ鵺֮ϵȻԪͣʹһЩȱݡ
ֻѰһĵطƷϵֵطռݣҪһǲܵġ
ֻϢǱ֮Уܿ䶴չء
ڴƤӵ¸Ȼܣȥɽ
̫ϳϰľڵĵطȻɽĵط㽫ѡ
ľŪιȥſֽţĶܿ깤ˡ
Сϵԭڶڴ˴󷨣зΡӦоС
һУʯϣһΧԪŨȣ⣬ֽȡһ߼ľУбطӡΧƿһ׶ľħǻ񵤣
ɣһö񵤿֮ܲǰɽʱħ˵ɵѶߵļʮ
Ҫ֪⻯񵤶Ըǿ߶кôһ˿ǿ߳ɾ񺣴ܵĸʡ
ŵȴɶΪѣȷʵһ˾úܱ顣
ħ⣬ϸ˵˵Ҷɵɡ
ħԴ֮гǰɱģҡͷԵ˵ʥ֮ǰ͸˵򣬷˫޵Ҳ࣬ŶɳҶ֪˫޵߱ͬ߸ǿǺٷ˫ޣ֪Ϊʲô
ħⲢûֱ˵ɵѴȴ˵ôȻϢϢˣҲ֮е顣
̥ǵĹ̡
ϴḶ́
壬֮Ȼϵ
ûлش𣬵ħ͡
ħź壬ԭġ
һΪ˫޺ľ˵ľޣȽѧҲվҪռһ㾫ǾԪϵѾ㹻ˣߵ۷̸ףķѾ˫ޣһ·ߵǿȽЧ
ͷȷʵЩܵļУ˭Ҳûν۷塱ĸļµʲôû˵壬߷֮ϻи߷壬˭Ҳ˵ԼߵˣǾԪϵ㹻һ
ڶ̫ԴˣͬȼĵҩԪϵ߳ȥͻƾ磬߳ȴݶðر˺ڣԴԽԽֲ嶼úܳ
һǼΪͬʱ쵤Ե͵ȾԪ˵ֱҩƵǰҲ޷ֳ̬
Ƕ˵°쵤ǶҲ޷ɴ裬òʹøħ龧ʮɴǿǿܹʹõĵر
ǰľҩȥǵ˵ǣҪԴԴͬҲҪԱԴ⣬˺棬ޣҲ͵һЩ˫޵ŵ˺ܸ߾ʱٶԶԶϾԪ˼ߡ
ģҲǽҪ˵ģӶɵѶȣ
Ԫϵ߶ɣǰ壬ȥ̥ɾм鵤ؾۣءؾǹˣܶԵ磬ֻɾͳɾˣȴûеõǿע߲Զ
ħ˵һ£˼һּ˵˵Ĳص㣬ɵһɣ已̥ѽ⿪˼ߵ絤һ洢Ԫ壬õǹбʵĲͬһ㣬ԽǼͣԽѽ⣬ҪԽؾ۵ĹҲԽգ
ڿŶݼ׵ţ壬忰ȵؽƷҪȫѽ⣬ѣǳѣ
ħδǿɵѶȣһת˵ȻɺѣˣҲõ˵ĺôǾǣܱϵļ͡ǹ룬Ԫϵ洢Ԫ
ħ˵΢΢Ĭھʽ̤Ϸ˫޵·;֮ʱħѾ·ǳ
ȻѡˣͻᶨƵȥֱŶݼ׿꣬ٿǡܵļ֮У֮߻õȭ죬ء
ħ˵ǣԴǷζͨϵＫ֮ԪϵͬıԴأ
ôǲǷ˫޲Ÿ׽ӽıԴ
ʱȥЩңԶ飬ľϵطӡһöĴָСͨɫĵҩǰǻɡ
öҩ̺Ÿ߶ѹĿֲԪöҩ·Ϊһڶûһ˿Ԫ©
ܶжѣ·ҪһߣԥĽ˸УûκηӦģһʼž֫ٺ
⻯ΪԪ߶ۣǳҪգãżһһģʼɵĳ


809 ڶ
ɽĵ¶ž񵤣һʱôȥˡ
ֱʱ֣ڵ̫ϳϰľŴӻ
Ȼʶ֮ǰʲô£ľͣͣ۾ûҵһʱϢһ
ȷûŷų֪Լڷ֮У·ղŵһֻͻȻ岻ʶȻ赹
Ȼܣľ˲ͷ亹ϵǰȷ֮ǰһ֣֮Ϣ뿪ڶԷʲôĿģΪȴȫ֪
һôɱβݣû˿
ľʵ벻һƷʲôöԷȤоɲ
ûаϢɢȥּ۶ԷʲôĿĶԴˡ
գľӼչأʱ̾ܣȻʼûзֵµ
ʱȥˡ
ڱչ֮УѾʮ꣬񵤱ȫ˴ֻʣĺġ
ҲǻĲ֣ѹ˻ϵޱȱŰ񵤵Ĺؼڡ
ĬĬתԪ˺е
ͬ͸бһöǣö񵤷ȼ
ޱȣĸ֮ܵеʹĿŵеǣ·Ҫһ㡣
ߴڵɣԪۻܷΧļޣȻƵܾг
߾ԶСڵǣҲᱻϣ󣬴Ű壬ѣѪɣ
ǾѪܣƤࡣ
գֻʣһǼܺ衣
˵һ˱ģòȻȴƺһδ֪ķ֮ȫѪ꣬ںĳһΧ֮ڣȴγ֮֮
֮ͬĸӹеˮԪµ塣
壬Ϊ飬
ɵ̣ΪҪѽ⵽ֻʣ¹裬ȫʹݡ
ڼߵʶѣȫγάϵ֣֮겻ɢ
һʹൽ־ģ֮ʱô֮ʧȥͻȫɢǱòˣ
˵ΪգԸʵ˵Ӷɳɹʵĵر֧֣Ҳ׳⣬һСľĽ֣
ңԽԽѶɣһ㻹һ㣬˾
񺣾ֺңԶʹúܶ߸оͷϷ·ʱһѺɭɭĵʵΪ˶Ҷһɣĳһ׶λûʧ
Ƕ˵ʱΪ󣬻ķʱ䣬ԪԽԽ٣֮˥ɳɹĸʾ͸СˣҲ֮ǰߡʯ˶Ԫԭ
ڵֻѡҪô֮ʢ׳ѡȥ飬ȥһ¸ǿ͸ƾõԪ
Ҫô͸ƽӹ֮ľΪ
ڵԼԪˣȥһѵѡʹ߶ˮȵļ尾֮УǶ񺣵Ŀﵽ˷ĳ̶ȡ
չȥ֮еĻ񵤺ĲϵĻ
ԭѾ޽ӽڶ壬һöøߴʵĻ񵤣еﵽȫ͵ĳ̶ȣкڶҲɲˡ
һľʹС´ĳﵽ˼ޡ
ҧ֣ͷܵĺ飬һһŤ
۵֮ʱжȻһ죬з·һ㣬еԪΪ߶ѹˡ
Űϣײ͵塣

߷˼ҵײ˺٣Ѫ䣬︽ľѿըҲڲϵıѹ
ۣ
ȻһѪѪһһʯ
ȻһΣֱˤڵأɫҰף촽ɫѪϵĴӿ
Сȫ˺ѣѪģҲ˶ѣûмѽ⣬͵սסԪʹһγȫʧܣ
һǵѪоСʹ壬Ȼ֣񵤴ʧ֮󣬾ȻӲѹ
ΪڶѾͣЩ޷ڶ棬ںڶԱߣѹһСС;ˣΧԭĺڶתš
Ҳ˵֮гöˣ
ô
סˣڶö˱ԭĺڶС٣ҲԶڶۣȴʵʵڵĵڶˣһߵľ˲ضã
ֱδš
ħ⡭⡭
ħҲĿ࣬Ȼ֪ѶɣǾѶɵʲô̶ȣʲô⣬ҲϾķ˫Ҳǳ١
СӣˣʥԤУгһɣһᾪ춯أ㵤ľһҩͰ̫̫Сһĵڶ˵ʱһᱬը㵤бԪò飡
΢΢ħ˵пܣС˷֮УȻܸһЩҲһΣյĶʱըϺһʱ֪ˡ
ħ֮лγצ°ͣר־Ĺ۲ĵһֵԽף۵ԽãԶɵɣǰܳסɿֲĳ븶ĴۣΪ̫ǿһ°ըǾӴˡ
ܴ½һţɵһɾˣǻ֮
һ˵ħ⣬ܲܳסڲҪǣ֪ǣôܳɹɣһö񵤳ԽȥûЧѵҪĵر
ᶨ˷˫޵ĵ·ҲЩˣҪĵرžԪϵӰˣԭһöøΪԼȥȴһɶɲˡ
ħֻצһ̯ε˫ޱʥ֪Ҳޣ֮뿿չͻǲ̫ˣ̫˷ʱ䣬ȥѰһЩҲа
ߵƿһƿһ޸⣬ֻܳȥʱһЩļˮɵͻơ
Щ廨ţʱսʱżȻʱɽˮܲУڻͨͻΪ
֮ǰδֹƿ졢졢һͻƣһƿ
ƽʱãҲûʲôڣ޲ڵ߽ҳȻǳա
׸ͻɣ
üͷΪͻƵϰѰǿĴۣеþʧΣͻһأǳΣա


810 Σ
ʳǣŶĵУҲܴ½ʮ֮һ̾ңһ֯Ϊ֪
˹ƣʮʮʮ֪˼ǷʮѾ֪ͣԼΡ
֪֯־ɴ˶
ܴ½鱨֯鱨ֱ֯ɡ
ǧ֮ǰֻ֪½鱨֯ķѼľ񣬲֤ȷ֪죬𽥷չĹģ
֪ĸ¥ʮͨڸ¥һ֮УϡϡżˣһߺȲһ죬һͨĲ¥ֻĹ۲죬ͻᷢⶰ¥֮УǿĽƣλĸ֣֮Уˡ
Ǳ̧֪ͷһ۸¥ǰپ̧֣˸¥֮С
ʲôϢͨأ֪һ㣬һɫڹ̨ϣ̧۴һ
ɴľߣֻǻһµʽԼԵ̶ɡ
ھŶ߲μᡢܷһ㶼һľߣȫ鱨֯̽ϢʱҲ˻ѡľݣ⸱֪˿ۡ
ʲô۸񣿡
ͨϢһöԪʯһϢϢļֵʮԪʯ𲽣ϲⶥ㻹ĳѯϢĻʷ㡣
֪ܶѯϢ߻ƶĳһϢ˵רѰһЩѰһЩˣϢҪ۱ȽϸߣѰ̶ȣܻῪǧԪʯĳ߼۸
ͨϢĴͻԵؾģҪʮ
⿪ڣͨϢһûмֵֻΪѾñȽϹ㣬֪ͨһʵԲҪ۱Ƚϵ͡
һֱչأĴĶȫ֪ȻҪú˽һײǹϡ
óʮſֽݸʮŽĴʮŽԵؾ
һŵĿ
Ŷ̫ڶԹڼжˡܳͨϢϣ²˵˽֪Ҳˡ
ŵڶſֽѾ˳֮У֤֣ûղƲ
Ȼֶҿˣ׽ҿɵðʮԪʯлöٵһöѪ
΢΢һЦûϣҲһΣڶβܳɹˡ
ħʹһλʦԹ˧׷ңеڶħʹħʹҿ˰ɡ
ɽֲǸ֣ԷϢȷʵֲǺѡ
׿ʮŹĴͨϢٿؾԵģȻʲôϣָôһֿܣһЩ
ţĮԿףϹʥؾҳӢֻͬ̽Ҫ֧ĮĶĴ۾Ϳһ룿
һϢһɱ޻֮󣬾ڶԷֽзһöԿףΪĮһͻڻֳ֡
԰Կ׽һŮӣΪ塱һ壬ħг˯ŮĪĹϵ
û뵽ĮڼؾԿף׼ʥżˡ
ٺ٣ӢֻҪ֧ĮĶĴ۾Ϳһ룬˵úĮһЩѵ̽·ʯǴǰվħͻȻ֮𣬡ҴģЩʵ̫ǿߣǳĴߣǲŽȥģֻЩûǿƱߡ
˵Ķԣˣ˻ȥģΪ˲һݻԵ
ţҪȥħ֪֪ʻԵΪѰͻɵʥؾǲĻԵ
кܿһЩֵߵĵرܹоһЩվпͻɡ
һû̻شҪȥʥؾȻأҪǣݲع⣬һȺǰס̸ףʥؾȫ˽⣬ȥ֮ûʲôƣ޷Įʥؼ
һݱ𴩣ԼгһԺԼ֮󽻸͡
ȥʥؾƾһ
ȻðգԼ޷Ƶվǲȥԡ
ҾȥˣҲδؾͻɡ
һؾڣʱ䣬Ҫȥһ֮ԼҪˡ
һʱûڳûгʱʮֱ뿪ʳǣҰ֮йҹ
УȻľߣҲⱻ˶ϣϾΪִľߣ˲ˡ
ҰѰҵһȻɽڸ˼ͱƣСĵεԼһټ㿪ʼϢ
ΪСģѾֻҪĴڣÿ϶һط
һʱ¹֮ʱͻȻеס
ܵһΣյϢȴûбȻǱԷܿˣ˲ǵ֮
ѵˣôѰҵģִľߵߣܴ½ûһҲаǧ
ο⻹ھŶﰲ߲̫ԣôôҵԼѵÿһִľߵǶȥ׷飿
ֻ߶ԷʲôľߵֶΣлͷͷ񶨣ֶΣˣԼĿ̽ˡ
ʱĲ̤֮õһӷΧ֮ڣڶѨ֮еսϣȺ˵ĸӰ
һʱһ
ڶħʹħʹħʹȫڣǹĸȻ˵λǸߣ
һˣһֳͷȵϸһ۵ͯӡ
ͯӳʮֿɰȴϸܵһɿɲϢ·̺ͯһħһ㡣
ͷȵϸħɭɭһͷڷһ𣬿һš
ľǸˣĸߴ󣬴磬ĿǳɢһʮϤǿϢ
ħʹ
ϳˣ⣬ԼɽֲĴħʹµʱ֮УɢϢҲľ
ˣܿʦ
ӣ
ĵһͷҲΨһͷ
Ī˵ǰֲǺڶħʹһҲԶԶܹ֮ģ
ǶԷѾ⸽ķΧҪϢӵܡ
ıٶȣܱȵùô
аĶûУԷȻ֪ԼٶȷƣͲܲĵ̣ûٶȵֶΣ
һɱ֣


811 ɱ
Ӧ⸽ڵߣҲҪҳСӣ
ڶħʹߺ޵˵ɽһսĳ裬׽ħἫӰ쵽ͻ֮
ħȷôͻأʮɳɰֽڻĥ
߳ɰգڶħʹֽóһȶһҧ˵
ϣβҪٳʮֱ䡣
ʦˣѾģһ֮ڲҵԶ˫֣ڶħʹ˵ţеһɫüģ¶ʮʹı飬һɺüɫȫյ
ţɫһڹ⣬һöӳ֮ƺĳϵһ㡣
еħ׷ⷽԼ꣬жĳм䣬ò͡Ϣȫӡ֮ϡ
ƣɢ޹ĸֲ֮Уµӹۿ֮ǿм䣬ȵϢˣЩӾͻٶ֪ͨħʹ޹ʦ
Ͼľڵòȴڲסһ˵Ϣ
ȻҲкܴȱݣǾ׼ȷʷǳͣ⼸ܶӷߣͨȴȫǴġ
ħʹ͹ʦŹκһܣͨȻʱڸϹȥȷ١
ʱ˾Ŷʲô¶ûɣΪ׷
öɢĺڹ˽ƣڶħʹиƶ˼֣ʦˣоųɰˣ
ã󷨣Сһ㣬СӶй֮޲ûϵֻҪסһϢʱԣ˵֮еķͯӣźɫС£ʮȴ˸˿˿ɱ
ħʹֽóһ죬ͻȻǰ˾ҵıըɽ嶼ըˣ
ɫҹĻĻ⣬ԼԼһӰͬһ㣬ת˲ʧʣ
ٶȣֱ޷
ͯӿӵȴ˿һЦȻ׷
ֳͷȵֽȡһͨӲӵۣһףѸٱһԾС
Сӣ·ţۣٶȾ˫רóΪ˶Ը㣡ҿȥӣ
˵䣬ĿʯһָһУʯĿĹâ
̼䣬ۻһ磬᳤ֱգ
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̤գһ̤ľ룬Ͼŵٶȼӳֻ֣ʮϢʱ䣬ͳһٶ
һ˳۽׷ᣬٶȾбơ
Ըоһӡϣ۷ǧᱻˣ
о㤣Ҳ֪ԷôҵԼģ֪ԷֶΣû취Ԥ
ٶ٣⴩Ƽ䣬óʬ˼ˣѾٶȷӵ£
ٶԽӽޣԪҲԽ죬ŵĻָ֧֣Ҳֲ̫õʱ䡣
Էۣ󲿷ԪʯȻҪ־õö࣡
ôȥ׷ֻʱ⣡
ʱڶħʹ϶Ԫ𣬴ⱨĿ⣺Ӱҿӵһ׷ϷҪܿһ㣬Ͳˣ˳һᣬ˾ͽҲڸ˼ԸΪأøеҲǣ
˾ͽϣ
һ˾ͽԪʱڱչؼţһ㲻£֡
֮ǰѰΪ鱨̫࣬˾ͽϲܸȥһһȷϣǽ½ɴħʹ޹ʦѾȷȻԳˣ
ϴѪϴɽͱ죬ɱһɵӣش˾ͽϣһĶ⡣
ڣΪѰ֮Ĵеˣֳһ񺣴ܣ
Ϊ˾ͽаѵĿܣ֮ǰɱ˾ͽϵսͶӰΪǡսͭɣѹ˾ͽϡ
սͶӰûʲôʵ幥ֻܸɱˣɱ˾ͽϱָͷԼˣ
ʶЩоԼһʮϾΣûлңԴʽ̤֮·ʱ䣬ֹһξվϽԻ𹤣ɽԣħ۹һɴܣԳȥͨūӡԽΣԽ侲
ͷһʦĴħʹڵۣ¶ģƴһ
Ըı˷漣֮ȥ
ħޱ漣֮麣籩֮ƬΪɫ߲֮ɣ
֪γƿʱҲû׳ȥ漣֮Ȼųλ񺣴ܣǾһĿֲ֮˼ҲóȻԶԶԼյ֮С
ʱܴħǧ߳Ϊħ۵ļ䣬Ͼħǧʮʮ֮á
漣֮ħۿû
ɲָڲħһԽħ۵ľ߳
Ȼڣ׷һ˾ͽϲ֪ʲôʱͻ£ֻðһˣ
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СӣȻԼټôã
ڶħʹŰ￪ЩţٶȱȵɽҪС
ζɽʱ֡
뵽һߣ߳ɵٶȾͰԼˣתڶħʹӿһǿҵĳУ
һҪСӣ裡ڶħʹţսȭͷ
۵ٶѾ˼£ٶʼտһ֡
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ֳͷȵͻȻ˵ôȥٹͻ漣֮ķΧˣܴ½ĵһء
ɽ漣֮ɱôߣΣܲôԶһ׷
ͯҧ˵֮ǰѾһˣһֱȫ٣ճ˵ȫٷôԶԪӦĵòˡ
Ȼúͯû뵽ǣʱһһţһʱȥˣַɳһľ룬Ǿȴʼʮʮû׷ϣ
ÿÿӽۿҪ׷ˣڶʱڷӳµٶȣٴ롣
۵ٶȼǶپǶ٣һֶ죬ƴ͸֧һЩǱܣȴ졣
ǹһֱ˲һ㣬һ̤ʮϢһ
ôܣСǻе֪ƣ
ôǿȷʵ£պգ
Ϳ쵽漣֮ˣٷɾǰǧɫ˵һ
ǧɫʵ漣֮ĺ̲ΣȻ漣֮񺣾µǿأõǿ߶У


812 
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֧֣Ҳò̷ҩԪʯ
ҿѪϴɽֲ֮õ˴ƷԪʯƷԪʯ֧ţ
֮УеڶȻԵڶĿƲһô磬ֻǰģ򲻻κ⡣
漣֮ԽԽʱеĲҲԽԽǿ֪˾ͽϻʲôʱԶ󲿷·;ʹô
ǧһǧһǧ
ѾԿǧɫˣһƬŢ̲Ϳ̲Ϳ֮ϣǹƣ˸
ǰǰǧɫ֮£֮þһݣǿߣҲУѾ޴ӣ
ħʹԪķʽݵĶС
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һĻֳͷȵüͷ壬漣֮ʬѰʱǵħ֮ħ۴Ҳ޴Ѱˡ
漣֮ɣȥħ۴У½ƣԱ
Щ˵Цţ㵱Сӣ漣֮붨ˣͿǸҲҸ
˵֮䣬Ѿ˺ɫ֮ڡ
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漣֪֮ʲôָħʲôϵ
СӣĽȥˣ
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ϢѾͨ˾ͽϣ˾ͽٹʱͻ˾ͽ֪Ϊηɫǵ³һܲң˾ͽΪԪٽյ㣬ԸʮƫִŹ֣ʲôͷ֡
˵֮ǰµԪӡǣԷֲɵӣʱԣ֮ȫԼˡ
ʦˣħʹҵԸǰڶħʹħ׽סħȴ
ħʹûлػԥһ£ȼһ
Ϣ֮һɫĴأ˾ͽϷĻظ񡢵ڶħʹһͬǰԭش
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һŻϡ
ܣȻԸ漣֮Ҳ֪Υ³ʲôԱ漣֮ҡ
ţԹкϣҧгݵĿһɶݵķ򣬡Сӣեмֵ֮ȻУҹ
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漣֮籩֮󣬺֮ʱܲ磬ŰǧɫҲ׹˸
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ô£
񾪺Ҳǰƴ߶ڵĸʴȻ£ĻԪٶҲȲɢٶȣһʱ֮һȱˡ
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˱ʣ˵һױעԪ㶪֮Уᱻڣ
屻ֵ³˵ˡ
ȥֲ˶ãصʱ̣ԺȻһ⣬ˣǬ¯
ĬھɫǬ¯֮зɳתţ̼ɸߣУױʴ׼ʥܲҲʴɣ

ͬʱħʹҲܣͬ˺֮У۾ҵĲ·֧Ųסһ㡣
ɫһ䣬ôȥ۾Ҫˡ
ۣſԪ
ħʹǶ֣ǱλǰʮǶҪǿö࣬ſԪ֮ȻɱʴǸʴٶȴöࡣ
γһԲȦڵһ𣬿άֻԪʼճӯ
Ȼþյ蹦֮󣬺Ũأ·ɹ壬ħʹܵ˾޴ѹǵĻԪҵ·ʱҪһ㡣
𵴵ԪħʹɫЩףһԪʴɾǵ³֪
һǶ㲻ã͸ˣûпľ׷ӡǣֻҪŹһƬĺȥ׽Ϳ뿪طȥˣǴһжʹͷַ
˵ţħʹȼϣֻҪץһжֵãܿܽĥһϢʱʡǺܶٶ죬ЩЩͷۡ
ǺþɫŨ·޾һ㣬ǼֵԽԽ࣬ĸ˼һǸɫ԰ףѪ͹ôȥ֪Ҫֵʲôʱ
֡᲻Ѿˣڶħʹ˵ˡ
û׷ӡǻɢ֣Ȼܼôá񿪿˵ҲЩ죬ûǺõģֻõʬȻŵֵҪСܶࡣȻûӦҲˣǼֵɢȥȥ׽ԸֵܼǸʱ򣬻ĥٺٺ٣
ֳͷȣЦŸɱ촽һһһͰ͵ĺҡ


813 
Ũĺ̻գؼһз·õĻ֮С
һɫ¯ڿУתţ˿˿¯ðǿĺա
Ǭ¯Ϊ׼ʥǼõķԻŵĵЧޣȴʺϵıơ
֪ʲôˡǬ¯УħͻȻ
ţ
ħӸ漣֮ȻĪϵⲻħӵʱħҲס
һʱħ۹ڡסļ䣬һƴ̫ޣں֮У¾
˻Ѻĳ֮Ϊ¥Ϊ϶ΪγɵĻ
Ҳ˵һźʵһ³ģһǵصĺֻһ³Ϣôж
Ҳǧɡ
ײޣʥޣʥڲͬ۽³ƺĲ죬ʵֻһͳ㷺ĸǿʥСʥࡣ
ڲȥ̾Щʱ򣬵֮ǽԼڵ׷ӡǽӴʮΣա
׷ӡǴħʹӡģ̺ٹŹֵ·ҪĨȥҲһʱ֮
ƽ׷ӡǣħ˵İ漣֮İǧɫħӵǧЩƣͬպϵ״̬ͬ磬˾ͽϸϹҲڰǧɫ֮Ӧ㡣
㲻ץʱһЩ¾Ż³ЩǸԪʯĺöͻƾ磡
ħô˵ԥһ£˵ƽӡǣ̫ʱ䣬˾ͽϱϾǿߣʲôֶκԤϡ
͹κһ񺣴ܣ֮񺣵һǿߡ
һʱ׷ӡƽˣþȫĨȥ

ħʹµ׷ӡɢˡʮ֮⣬ڶħʹ֪һ׷ӡɢζܿѾץסʼź
СˣǶ֧ŵѣֵܼһѾ漣Ŀʮֲģߣˣһ֪ʲô
ҧгݵ˵ʱͻȻһɻɫˣݺݵײǵĻϡ
䣡
һ죬͵һ𼤵飬ħʹ͵ħʹͬʱ³һѪɫԻ
ҲǺ٣缦צһָץסͷȡ
䣡䣡䣡
ԽԽңһδεײҡҡ׹ɫ䣬ʲô
磡
ħʹһѪܱѣʧȥһ֧ţ˲һƣһ˿͸˳

ħʹһҽУұ˲䱻ʴɭɭ׹ǣ

ĿѣԪݵצȻԼɱؿϣӲıƳһھѪϣǿȶһ˿ҲľѪˡ
Ԫ߳ˣ
ڶħʹͷǶСĺ飬ħʹȻѾ˼ޣǵħʹһֱֻ۳˰׹ǣԡ
龫Ѫ
ʱﻹ˵ľѪܻҪģ
ԪĽӽݽߵʱٳ龫Ѫֱ˼ԴʱҲ˲ˣ


Ǭ¯¯ڣдĿĵĸое¯֮ϣȻ¯ڰ
Ǭ¯мǿԺͻָȥ¯ںܿͻָԭΡ
ΪΪ̫ͣǬ¯йעԪһ׼ʥıǿ߲ٿأȻڳ
ȫǬ¯ֿ
ֻһ漣֮Ե֮³һЩǱ̶ֳȣ治֪漣֮ʲô
ип漣֮ħкܿޣǿޱϡĴڣΪʲôǻܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棿
ʮϢĴ֮ģҲĪ
ҡҡͷȥЩңԶ飬Сĵһħķźɫ͸壬׾
ʱʼճǬ¯ڼʼɢ

ڡŹȥˣ
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ʼɢʮϢʱֻʣ±һ㡣
ȫˮʪ͸Ԫ͸֧ϣߣڶħʹҲǳ⣬ھѪήңɫơ
ǵħʹұ۱ϣѾˡ
̧ͷ죬ȴеƳǦƺ֮ǰŨһЩ׹Ҳˣʱ㣬ѾˣǰǧɫͿ⣬Ϊʱ׵磬ֲָ
ĵط֮ܵѹ֡
ĵطɫѿ㣬иһڣֻʣˡ
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뵽СӹѾͷӶʣˣȥħ֮ʥᱻʴǲ֪ꪾĴûбСӴϣ׭ֹӦҲǷ˵û¡
˵һöָԪĵҩڶħʹҲµҩһֻץŵħʹͬħʹһ׷ӡʧĵط
֮ľܽʱ򣬱ɢһЩĿӷΧѾﵽ߰ľ룬Ұͷǿһµö˶˵ڰУߣһɫС¯ڵתš
һʱ䣬㵡𾪡͡ȵȱγڼ˵ϡ
ǰˣԪûģ֮ǰĳ;ϮѾָ۷״̬
ô£
˿ʱҲǣ˲˻Ǭ¯Զľ룬˲ִٵһƳǬ¯Ʒϳ
𡭡ǰٵĸֹȻʵǷ
֮УԪӳֵǬ¯ÿӿݣЩ˾Ȼܻ
֣
񷢳һĽڲȥΪʲôûʱ򣬵֮ץס
ܿĳƷԶĻϵĺöƺ޾ñҪʳܡ
ڤ׹צ
һһצץۼ£ŷϹ⣬ɿݵ֮ϣһӰſĴ죬צӡ
ȻĺܴԴϾǰʮĸ֣һצץ֮ȻγһǿУ·ҪһС


814 
䣡
һצػںɫŢĵ֮ϣըཬһڵȼ·п޺ţǵ꣬ȴȼյȼϡ
ͷɢ˫ĿȻ̧ͷһȴǳڰ֮⣬һȫˡ
ŵأȼյףҲ΢΢ݡ
սʵ̫Զˣղ֮ʱĿţһ㷢ӳļٶȾ̡
СӣҪΪٶ޵УҪ֪ǿߵʵ
˻ţһȻҧԼͷ³һѪͷ˸Уһ̣Ǹɱ͵巢һžžı죬·飬ͷ衣
Ϳʼθߣָױ䳤ֻּ˵棬֮ð˹Ǵ̣ͣһϸܵëͬ˵еרʬʳʬһ㡣
ֹ
һݣħ廨ţõıƫʬ˵ĿֽĹ칦
ֲһдۻȡǿʵĹӣҪ֪ʬ˿ƾΪλǿˣΪĹ졣
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ʱʼһƬ׹ûκα仯
һʱ䣬׹ɣԸܵЯŵһƼΪϡڤ֮ܡһ㣡
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ܻ϶һǱպϵˣϾԼʵҲǺķ˴ǿƿŤʱղǿΪޣֱ֮Űûƿպı¡
ǣƲǣȻܼôõģ
뵽֮ǰŨغ֮УҲǺˣץĳ嶯Ϻܿ׼ʥʥķԻ
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һֱһʱʱ䣬ûʱһ͵͵֮Ȼ̧ͷǰɫˣò԰ֽĿŲԶһͷͨ峤źɫۼ׵޿ˣɫ۾·һĻ˱


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Ͻɫ׵֮ѾеĪļ£һϽͷ·һһ㣬˶ɣаѿ壬ҲգѰЩСɵϽСڣ뵽аѿ֮С
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֪ܹٱʹʹԵҲ֧ţȫעЩ֮۵аѿ֮С
ͣ
ɫаѿԭʮﴦѾ޵аѿٶȿʼɳˡ
ƬҶӸչҶҲΪаѿһΪٶȳߡ
ĳɳֻǳ˼ӵʱ䣬аѿĳɳֹͣˣƾٶϽ֮Ҳ޷ȥˡ
ЩϽ֮ȫаѿ洢ȲתаѿɳҲܱ
аѿܴ洢ʣ֮һ
ħ⣬˵ûпڶɵʱ򣬽аѿд洢֮ĵرһȫѽ壬˳ɹɾ磿
Ļħһ£֣һ߶ССģ³ʲô⣬ȴ˷롣
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ҡͷûϵһЩաڵаѿѿѾߣԼɵ̡
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룬ٶȺ֮еħɫЩˣʵģϾ֮壬һ˵ʲô⣬ͻҷˡ
СӣҪСģþ֮нˣСɳܲ𡣡
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Ȼȴܸоĵ֮£ȴޱȿֲ֮
£Ȼ
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׹ֻϸϸһƣǳ֮ȴͬ⵶и·Ҫ˺ѣ
ʹдϲԽԽã֮ȷʵܰɹɡ
˵κλԵܰǿɣǰ߱ܿУͻᱻĻʣ
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һ׹⣬òǺܴٿ˾ʮһ룬ʼ׹⡣
СıܿЩżֵɫͳɫ׹⣬׹֮Уܸܵµա
׹ӿ徭֮Уɸ˸ʹ࣬Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬Ҳֻˣڰǧɫоô̫̫ĸ֣ʵЩ˵ֻһ㡣
˻˻˻
תаѿϵĳߣҶӾ
ȴˣòͣ£̷˵ҩþͷǳҪһľԪϵߣаѿ壬ҲҪճɽ̿ˡ
˰ʱĹڵϰɫ׹ԽԽ࣬ż뼸ɫ׹壬Ҳûгܲסļ
ԭĵʹתԸУԸ˷ܣ
һ۾һƳɫ׹⣬˫һŲȽͻȻץס

˫սɾǿĽ׹壬а֮ǿѹס뵽аѿ֮С
аѿɳɫ׹֮ƺһƳɫ׹⣬þʹ˼ʮϰɫ׹⡣
仯о졣
ƺҵ徭ļϴ֮󣬽Ӧ֮ˡ
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Ŷ΢΢һȻȷʵˣ׵粻ǻ֮Ǵ֮
˵Уƾõ̫ʱطɣǸʱûֻлҵĿҽ޾׵硣
һŵĻУ׵뺣֮УıĹɣԭʼ
׵漣
׵粻ʱҪڵ֮УҲز٣ϸСԪ֮ǳĵ绡
׵ĴϢϢأܹҲ˴ӵǿ
ʱʱɫ׹⣬аѿĳɳֹͣˣƺѾɳһƿ޷ٿ֮ͻˡ
аѿվʮﷶΧ֮洢֮Уԥһ£ٶﷶΧֱһﷶΧ֮
ٴα任ģ
һΣով壬Ҳʮǰˡ
ȫֹһ򣬰ڿУȥޱȣȻϸ۲죬ȴÿһöΧγһպ档
Ϊ̫ǿ󣬶ŤϿռγɵ
֮ǿŤ˿ռ䣬ǵǿʲô̶ȣһ򽫻ʲô³


819 ֮׵֮Դ
ûиֻ̤ͷųһƸ֪̽ȥ֣ΧѾŤ˺ѵĳ̶ȣ֮гŴССοռѷ죬һˣĪ˵޴ڵĿֲ򣬾Щռѷˡ
Ÿ֪СƹÿһöСĴǵĻƸ֪ԻᱻյûҶʣ
Ÿ֪Ĳ룬Ծ鷢ˣһٶϿպȻһƯĿе죬ЩձֻʮС紫˵еɾһ㡣
֮пе죿ΪʲôڰУ
ȻķѾ֪Χˡ
֪̽鵽֮ϣǳԾúϲ£죬ϾȻ
һĿʮϡ٣һҲԱ֤һ꣬ŵȻദܹ
ڰ֮е
ĺݺݵĹһ£뵱꣬ɽɼϵ񣬸Щһȣ֮ˣ
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ǿסȥͷҲ˵ЩƯŵ򣬾ЩԪҲǳΣգ̺ſֲ֮Ϊ֮Ԫ֮Ķֱӱճɷɻˡ
ңټԪһĸԼҲδؿöϡ
ҳɾ񺣣лᣬȻһ⣡񺣶͵ҷΪһ̽飡
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Ȼһһֽ䣬ȫϢʮֽ䱸
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ŲȽһû£ҿո׹壬ʮ֮ٶȴ󣬶ʱײϰٵ׹⣬Ҫҷ𲻿ɡ
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ϿһŤһһס죬·һɸߵСɽ
֮׵ƿСɽɽһɽ֮С
׷ֳֺɫǹע׻֮һǹҲɽȥ
ٽɽܵһɺ嫲Ϣ·ɽ֮оסһλ
һǿߵĶ𣿡лͷų羴֮ģ̤ɽ֮С
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̶һ仰ʮ֣Ų־
壬Ҵ֮첻壬зɡȻνһ𡭡


820 һ壬׻
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Ϊļ壬ûϣҲû˵Ǽ˴ŭŽ³ͷѪ֮ࡣ
ϵӡѪı־
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ֻ䣬ſ־ӻѹʹȻɱǣһӵ츳ԶһߣȴҲ޷ΥˣڣȻѪ䡣
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һ˽ܣһصļ壬ʼջһݾ⡣
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ʯֻмɷԲһʯһʯмʯʡ
ЩʯʯʶԪʯɣЩԪʯ֪˶õ£þ׵Ѿ൱ĵرˡ
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ߺǣ˿⣬ⶴѨȻˣ򲻻彣ɳС
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ĬĬһŷ֣ǿָϻһöֽ䡣
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֮һۣȴɲڽ֮УûʲôӦƺԼȡ߰׾
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ʱ֮΢Ĳһ£һƽӽϷˮָϵֽ䣬ָ𣬷
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Ȼ˵ֽвʲôһûκãԼֻƼˮ꣬ӦĺɣѵΪǿŮ壬Լһĺˣ
ں˼ʱһöţֽз˳ɵϡ
УץУʶһɨⲻǹؼһ˵ƽ
Ҳ֪ⶴѨ˵֡𩣬С𩡱ľ磬һûϡ
˵֮⣬һƺš׻ʡ
ɣǰɡƺŵߣǶɹ˴ɵǿߣԹܴ½ɷǿ߲һ֮ħۣҲߴɶѡ
Խ׻ԽǸе𾴣塣
׻ʱʲڣűһԵƽ
Ȼ־ͣΪ̿࣬ҴƴΪĥԼѰԵĴվ֮Уɡ
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һǼΪѵõ⡪׵
Ҳǵպȡþ˳ɾ͵ԭΧγ֮һ߽֮ȫԣճɽ̿
׻žɴ˶
Ϊ׵Խǧɫ壬ųʣθܶɹ˴ɣŰ׻ʡ
һɣ񺣣ɱͬǿߣٹһǧ꣬ʵѾ¡
ֻϧһѪվǴƵħ䣬ΰ׻ʾˣȴҲûܰչʱڴˡ
ϧһ˽ܡипǧɫϿյΪչ֮أǺεȻ־彣֮ϣ彣Դಫ
ڰ׻ʵ־ϵԣ꣬Ҳ޾ԴħԶԶȲ˵ġ


821 սħʹ
ĺΣ˵ǧʱʵִĿĵľһ˵Ƿǳϡ
ֻһ仰
һǧ꣬аһսˣԸѪڰ˴ν٣ǿɣء
΢΢һа˭
׻ʳɾ֮һǧѾʵھ£֮ʱֹȥ˲̵ʱ䣬ΪٽһаȴԽˣ
ΪʷиûйļأĪǣԷܴ½λ棿
׻һս󣬵аǻŻˣ
ʣϧв޺أ⣬һα֮󣬰׻ʱˡ
ԭˣټϡѪڰ˴νѡصճ̶ȿ֪
ֽ̽еֽȻʱ䣬еľӡȻޱȣŷâ¶ԣָпһ־ǿǶԷͳɾ˰սˡ
ս飬Դԣ꣬ᱻ׵֮ȴõ֮
ֻЩ֡׻ʼȻõ˰׾Ϊβս飿սһ
ţħû´Ļ׻ʵǲʨԴԼĶ֮УҪֻΪ㣬ʱӡ
׾ΪʨԴһĵرȻõķӡϧ׻ʻδܴﵽʨԴľѾˣŰ׻ʵ䣬ӡʨԴ˳ž˺һĻʨԴҪضеİ׾ȴκβ˰׻ʵ彣ⳡսһֱˡ
ͷħ˵Ӧð˾Ųʮ֮Ϊʥ죬岻и˰׻ʵ־ͬʨԴȻ޿κˡ
ڰ׻ʵֽзһһЩƿС򡢱ǧԪʯ
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һǧڣλʮӦһѰ׻ʵһЩ黹һ塣
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ЩҲԶԶԱ׾ļֵɹ
һʱ䣬ԼѾһʱȻ˵ǧɫգռ֮죬һк׷٣ǲ̫ã˭֪᲻ץһɳ߰˸񺣴ѰԼʱ߰˸񺣴֣ټô괫ĵ̣δûа취ҵԼҲȫ
ǿ֮⾳ð׾սͷʰ׼뿪ˡ
Ű׻ʵĺٶһݣѺԥһ£֮ͨ飬ûзֽ֮֮С
չݳ׻ʶûмųһǳҪҪǾаѿ׹Լǿɡ
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һҲ¶ĴӪɽˣʮ򶼲ҽ
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Ѿ뿪𣿻ǲȻˣ뿪ǧɫ󡣡
ȻһսԷڣҲɥĲȥѰңԼЦοʱϵþˣδزᱻ񺣴ʩչֶͨҵ
ǧɫ󣬾ʱͻȻɫ⻪һһ̶ĹУһɫĴڱƣͬʱֶ
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Ȼ֮ǰһΪҵĴսʱֱԨе
һŮߣ֮󶼻ķһЩΪԼഺ֮Ϩ֮ʱҲһɷǣطֻ䱾˥ϣȥͬײĸʬ
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822 ׹֮
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ʱѾ״̬Ψһһͷ˺б裬Ѹɾܡ
һıЦţ㻹ûҵȥ㣬ȻѾҾ˳·
С㾡ţ׽ס˺죬ͷʬϣ꣡
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һĻľǰıսԪĴ룬ˣԪûʣˣ֮Ѿ˥£ˣȻܱôǿսٶóطǰʮֵʵĲ
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Ҫޣֻܺʮ꣬עҪҵϣ
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ұ֮ϳһɫ飬ֳɳľ޴ɺͷɱ
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ȡµ׹Ȼ΢ҲǱܹġ
ϸ׹⣬Ȼ֣ͷɲ죬ΪĿƼޡ
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յڵѪͬϹһ䵽ϣһ̣ĿȫͣȻұ۳ǵʹ
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823 նɱʦ
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һǹעͭɵս飬ټǳɫ֮ս֮ںϵһ˳ǹǳɫգâֱʣ

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Ԫûһ˺ѣĺɫצץħ֮ϡ
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ڶħʹӿ죬ýҲǴһõ޾ԴʹͣҪ֪мý񺣴ܣûһʵı֪Ȼ᲻ϧһдȥᣡ
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824 ֮
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ڵڶħʹ걻ɵһ̣ѾŻֳֺɫǹ屬
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ϵаѿɫ׹ⱻǿеһƣעɫǹ֮ϣ׼ڶħʹԴݺݵĳȥ

ڶħʹĿѣÿռ⾳Ťռ䱩˿һǹ
Ȼڵڶħʹθոճڼʮ֮ʱȴɫ԰ֽΪҲص㣬кɭɭǹ֮ߴ
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ΰǧɫ֮Уջشгɫ׹İɾ硣


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ƬƾʧɫһǿѾ뿪ˣһһڵɽ֮ǰ
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Ľ˾ͽأ˾ͽǧ֮ǰɾ񺣣ͣǰڣȻʵڣ˾ͽмߵ츳˾ͽΪ˾ͽظԭϵ֮ܳʱ龰


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˾ͽվ۵ףӭ洵Ŀ磬һͷ緢

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۲ǶķбźԪʯٹעһԪٶȱ۷ٶȲضá
۷ٶò˶þͻߣȴһֱȥֻҪԪʯ㹻
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˵ܴ½ϵԪḻĵطЩ̫ϵ޺ܶ඼ۼ
Ȼ̶ܼԶȺɫ󸽽СǸǿޱȣҿ֮壬ϸӵս飬ǿԱ
ʱʱɫϿգһ·СĽվ߳˰ǧɫķΧ
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826 һ壬ǧ
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ĬĬĳʹ֮࣬ʮ£һ׻һİ
һļ壬ǹӡϼӡǺ;񣬶һˣбһֲʵִȥȥ춷
ǿ󡢴ƾãȴž޴ʹ壬ǻһݾ⣬ȥʮŮԼʮ겻ϢĴ֮ģǷĵ𺳡
һ壬ܿǿߵĺᡣ
̳˾ǿߵѪ¼ʷѾʧĻԻѾ٣ԿһֲͰǣȴǿѪһϢ
ðŷݽ׻ʵһǾ׻ʵΪ˺ͳɾͣǾһľԼǵ档
˱ȭ˵´һż֮ѰһλǰЩԹ˵ǳҪܽת峤ϣӦҲλǰԸ
ǰλǰһͷģʵ
׻ʣǰ
棿ͷĻȻһ𣬵һ绪ǰ֮һʮһ죬ʮԭٶȣڶῡˣչȥѳɾ͵ۼǿߡ
ƫƫƾǿ־һԼ֮·Ⱥս⣬׵һɣͬ޵У֮ɾ񺣣Ⱥۣǧ֮󣬷µһˣ
ֻϧ绪ȴһݣ漣֮ʬ޴ѰҲͨȷģʲô֪
׻ʵҲΪ漣֮غͿصһʡ
λɷ֤ݣͷǿѹеļ׻ʵһζ̫̫࣬ǰ˵ģһһԵ
ȻмͷҲäĿ׽صأԷľߣܿˡ
ǵǰʹõơ
˵ţֽóƣһӵͭƣһģһͼڣǰһ׭ġ𩡱֡
ȻԶڳƵʽ仯ͷ컹һȷϣǰ׻ʵʹõɡ
ǹɲɣϢ̺֮־û취ٵģ
룬Ҵȥϣͷ׻ʵֵõ֮ûȫΪУȴ֮ܽ黹һ壬㣬ֵˡ
ͷǰ·󣬴һˮһĿռںǽһڵǧ磬˸߸߷裬һ·滨Ȼ㲻ʲôĵرҲƷƷۺ첻ˡ
ܷḻԪƷȻƷҲȥԶ
ԽԽе죬ܹռһˮأһĵ̱ǿö࣬ˣôǵ³
ḻ⴦ǧл˺ܶ󷨣ܳɹڣֽҪƽЩҲҪ൱Ĵۡ
һ߷Уһ߰һ壬ǵ͵ĿˣԼż壬Ͳ֪ĴԵشһ塣
ǰǳϹҴȥ峤
ͷȼһԭίܿ͵õ١

ͷ볤Ϲһ·Ųմصĺᴩȣһ֮С
ķʮɣڴڰʮÿһ˴СŮЩϵӡǺʶһˡ
ڴУѾڵȺˣһŮ俴
Ϊ׵һҲߣһһŮźɫۣƿһеӡ˵ΪȻɣ
ɣ֡
ܸо˸ΪʵۺʵӦñڶħʹҪǿˣλʮʮ֮䡣
һĸûκιһֵļ¼Ȼص岢֮У֪ǿ鱨Ѽ磬Ҳ̽鲻λǧһ
ĿתΪ׵ˣȴԷϢƺΪ˫Ŀӣľĸо·һ߲ʵɽһ㣡
ѵǡǿߣ
ȷܹռ˱صһ壬ӵǿҲ֮У
һһǿߣȻеѹ̬ݣϾԶŻ˳ǣʶԹķӣѾ񺣵ľˡ
㣬ҵ˵˵˫Ŀһ㣬ûھһߵǰɨһĵܸоĸѾʵ£죬־磬ǰ˾֮
ǡ
ѾｻҲ£ֱóǰ׼õֽ佻ˣ˰׻ʼ⾳д־İ׾⼸Ǭ¯뵤˾ҲѲ
׻ʹһ崫йļأļ¼֮ȫһ塣
֮ƷߣʺϹǹ֮ʹۿֻۣܵһϵĵƣаսɣŵҲʮ˲Թ黹һ塣
볤Ϲʱһǧ֮⣬һۣ֮ǰ۴
ˣʿǰţͷɽ΢΢üȷһ壿
ǣ˾ͽؿ϶ĵͷոսһ岻ʱ


827 Ͱ
Ȼһ塭΢΢
˾ͽھŻϿףȷûһѪӡʶҪΪһˣϾһط񣬵Ŀֲϳῡܣһô꣬Ķſɲ١
ʱһӭߺˣ
ݷһ峤ӭӣ
ʴ˾ͽѾȻشˣ޻ӵݣø⼸ڵϻ˵䣬ɢһǿߵƣһֻΪƶʱͱѹ

νĴ֮һʥؼǰҲΡ
ѹȣ켶˵ûѹǲܵģҲûƣʱӵĸӳ峤ڻˣԺƬ̡
һ峣֪ĺ٣֪׷ɱ֮£֪Ҳ֪߲㵽ϵ
ˣ
üһ˾ͽضһۣ˼пֻܾҪǧ磬֮ӳġ

ֽ䣬֪̽еһ̣ʱеһӴ嫵־ǡ
һ𣬳Ŀɫ׹⣬ɭĽʷмصĵ彣֮
֮һ崫ʥʮʷһʷΨһ֤żҫ
˽̺겻ɢĲལ⣬ǽ͵ļ׷
ǰһǿɾµһˣ񽣣ҲڽΪ𩣬ΪѾۣ𩡣
֮־עԾ״һ漣֮ýĴۺ죬ǲϧðž޴Σս漣֮ҪѰ񽣵䣬˽ǿ󣬶̺ĽܸǵĽһ
ǡ֮·˼ˣƾЩѰҲҲ䣬Ƿ׷Уųȥ޻ء
û뵽гһգ񽣻ܻصһ壡
Ļ˫ֽ䣬ֻýָأòȡ
峤Ůӿ˼ӣ̲ס˵
û¡һ峤ժߣ¶ԭĿһеʮס
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ӡһһռȫ
һ峤ߵŵһŵ֮ǰ˫ϥأ߸еֽ䣬Ŵȡ֮ɫĳֱ߱ߣ
Уɢһⲻ־ǰ׻ڽ֮еս顣
֮ڻع壬棡
һ峤ڵϣһһŮҲ¹һ˵һҫʷޱش
Ҫ֪һļʷѾʧʧȥ洫֮ôʲôҲûˡ
СֵܣһʮŴ峤ΪͰף˶һģ
ͰȻĿ죬˵ȴ¶ֿĸмһΪ֮ͣҲɹ˽漣֮УȻȥ޻ء
Ϊ֮һ帶˼Ĵۣ˼ˣʼ޹վѽһ˵ɽ
峤ˣҵʱǧɫ󣬵õ˵ǰ־ļҿ߲ˡ
ڰǧɫվܴ֮æ˵ģǾʮʨԴû֮ĻѾԴˡ
Сֵܲض˵˶һˣСֵʲôҪ󣬾Ͱײɵ˵
һǿһһʥؼ飬ʮҲûƴǣ˵һٺò
Ͱ׽֮ϸͰſֽеһЩµ
ЩУһ·ͰԽԽƽ֮ǹһ崫еĸעͺͼأҪһ飬¼ŵΪͻŬѾ̵ļأһ˵Ƿǳϣ
ֽ䣬ֱһ޼֮
ͰĬĬպã˵Щʲôʱһ⴫峤ˣп˵á
ʲôˣǵһ¡Ͱ˵ʱʲô˶ûҪ
ˣ֮ǰѾ֪ǵȺƬ̣ȻǲԸȣ޷

Ͱ΢΢üһĴ֮ûʲôڹȫչÿ˼٣Ҳֻиļżݷһ
Ͱɻʱȴ
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ͰΪ֣Χһб仯ʮУע⵽λСֵܣԹ𣿡
һµ£һΰ̣ضɳǿݣټ֪ĸֶΣǾԶ㲻ȥˣ
˼ǰҲֻһѡǾѡһ壬ǻӻԼڿһĵԶԼǿµҲֻܼϣسŵ֪ͼˡ
Ͱ׵ѯʣЦһ˵ǰðǧɫ󣬾Ǳ׷ƽȥġ
ţͰԭ;֣ڵΪô漣ֵ֮ԭǱ˱ƽȥģܳҲһ˺ͱˡ
˵𣬱漣֮ȴҵ֮ǰڶֶ޷ҵĵڵΪȻ۷ⱾһֲĴˣ֤ԵΪ㻯ȥԹ𡣡
ͰײΪһ߻ʲôԹһҲ൱ĵ̣Ϊһ߻ȥ𣬸̫飬ɱӣֻҪԾʵΪ֤Ļϣ㹻ĴۣҲữ£ϾΪܻɱ޻Ҳ̫ҪοĻмٸ֮ӣǾ͸ˡ
ڸǿħʹʦǿߣͰײΪʸ
Ͱô˵εĿЦ𡭡ǻȥˡ
ţ
ֱӻŪħʹһʦ֮⣬Ѫϴһֲԡʮε˵
ǰͰѾĿɿڴŵĵ˵ʲô


828 ⲻص
ħʹһʦѪϴһֲⶼģͰ׸оǰֻΪôܻɱǰħʹ
Ҫ֪ʱֻ˵øĻͰ׸š
ǲֱҵϣڰǧɫоѾˣֽһЩر֮Žɱ

ĽͣͰ׻ܹһЩ𾪣ǧɫ˭ΣӦöǵͬģֻΪȴΣգɱĴ֣޷
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˵ԼͰȴԴȫȻ֪ǾͲˡ
ʲôУͰ죬֪˵ʲôˡ
šģѪϴֲʱ򣬻ƷϵڳΪͻɱֲ˻Ʒŵ̫ϳϣһĴޣⲻص㡭
˵ͰѾȫˣ⻹ص㣡
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ôģ޹ֲɲǰǧɫɲʲôãУҲǶֲѽ
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ٶȲ죬ѵɵӣֿ
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Ͱײ֪ʲôˣȻΪŪǰʮĶ֣ô˵ֻΪо̫ε٩Ǳ̨ǣܲб˵øɡ
ûУʵǡһǿߣԳ塭
˵ͰײһѪʱס˵ֻһ־һ˳ǹ֮ϣսͶӰһϣҪɱңˡ
̵ǳ򵥣Ͱȴúݺݵĳ鶯һ¡
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˺һͰײŽЩ꣬ڲ׷ôһеʱϸϵìܵԭ
ΪʲôҪǿݶԸ㣿
Ͱ̲סʵħʹһʦҲǼеλǧɫΪµǿ߽жǾһ£ðž޴Σս룬˵Ѿϧˡ˲һе׷ɱһǿߣϳ
׷ɱҵԭǡһϹŴ۵żǴżڴ½Ե֮ǰ֪
ìԭԭĸͰס
ħ۴֮ʼϺħ򣬵Ϻħ̳еڤ۵ĴУǰһִƷʥħ۹ʵµħ˵ֻƷʥأǧǰܴ½ǿϵڤʵʲôֻһһʼĴСڤħҲֵۺ죬ǵȼĹĴкܶࡣ
οħ۳ǸʱֵǵıͱĴˣֻٲԴɥȮߵڤ۲´ϺϺħ
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Ͱ׸ܵƽϢ̲סͷһۣˣ̫һˣʲôˣһǿԼӣʵһ顣
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ֻɸߣӣ˿ۣȻУȴܵһ쳣
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оˣͰ͵Ŀһۣǧġġϣÿһǧ磬һĽģĻʯ̶̳󣬾ܴ½ǿ֣߳Ҳ뽫֮ݻ١
Ͱʮŵ˵ɫһǿĵط˽֮ϣлдǿ󷨣һֵĻ
Ͱײŷڴ֮лһߣͷ׵ڴ˵ȺֻվţϸоκȻǣ۾õԷø֪̽飬ԷڵλȴտҲ
صͰһɲ⣬Ҹ͸Ϊ
ǶԷΪ޷Էľ磬⣬Ҳһǿߣ
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߶΢΢ͷԿ۾֮е΢Ц͸м֮⣬ȻѾڴ֪
һһԾۼǿߣֽصѡǧĽģǶʾ


829 
Ĵ˾ͽ쿴ص㣬΢΢üǧĽĻʯ᲻ɴݡ
ڽĴԿ󷨣Ϊһ壬Ҫǿ󣬾Ҫƻģǲܵġ
񺣴֣ô
Ҳ˵һǰĴͻȫռơἫΪΣգ
룡·ƣϹһ˿Цݡ
ĴɥʧȨǾƣƳˡ
˾ͽЦһ̧ߡ
£ɣħʹ˾ͽҪĴֹ̳
˾ͽһʣѵһôӽƷʥأѵһһƷʥأ
ƷźƷŵĲ蹵Ʒ񺣴ΪͨϣµһΪ䣬ʷϵħ۹ȼް֮⣬Ʒţ¾ŶҲֻܱΪ׼Ʒѡ
ƷΪϣž̫̫ˣұ˴ʵ
Ϻħ㣬һΪϣͨءΪģǱȽϵײƷţϣһΪģϵȵƷš
һǿΪ䣬ǾǶƷţΪʥأһֻһǿһʥأӵʮǿкܴࡣ
˾ͽ̤Ĵʱڴ֮УͰ΢Цϣ߻߰ˡ
Ͱ׼˾ͽӭʣΥˣ
Ȼ΢Цȴʮ֮ǰ֪Ҳû뵽ȻǿߣʱˣΪһС񺣣ǰ޹˺˰ɣ
˾ͽЦͰ峤ǧδ˰ɣ
һȻأżҲ罻
˵˾ͽϬĿһڳ֮һɨ˲һľߵĺϡ
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˾ͽĬĬ㣬һﶯ֣ǱɣͳһʼóеƣҪӣҪɱȴ̫ܣһ񺣣ֻ൱ǿĿͷƳɱһ忪սôһѹǧ磬ҲȻѪϴֻҪһû裬ͲǵɱΪ
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Ͱ׿˾ͽ죬Ц峤Ϊ˵кħ֮ףôģ
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˾ͽ˵ʱЦħ۱Ǿħȴ࣬ûаħѪͳ˵ħ۴еļߣҷЦˣħĴУ֮Եߵ֮һ˵ǵħľҶأ

˾ͽĿⶸȻһƱ֮ͬǰɢƣ˾ͽȫ߶ǿߵϢǵصѹ
һǿߣϢ֮Уֱӱ
Ŀһ׼а֮£ͬʱðŶݼ׵
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µֱӱ飬һΣһֳֻס档
ưȥһ˲䣬ר󷨼ӳֹĺʯȫ飬שҲѿһƣһ̳𣬿ȴֻɫ΢΢԰ס

ֵһ̣Ӷɢ
˾ͽ죡
ͰվѾֽ䣡ȵĿһۣߵ̬һ˲䵽Ҳ赲Ϊˣû뵽ȻôӲܽﵽ̶ֳȵ


830 ٣Ӷ
ӶûˣڳǷ׷߿Ǻ鶯Ǵħʹ˾ͽĴҲǱɫ̫̬ˣΪӲ֮
ʵǲ֪˾ͽϱսͶӰ飬ô˵˾ͽϵȻС֪£ǾͲΪղŵԾˡ
Ͱ峤Ҫô˾ͽҲվ˾ͽؽ
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Ҫʲô˾ͽɫ̫ÿˡ
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˾ͽŭգһ׼ȫ濪սѪƴȷʵܹһ壬ԼĴȴ̫̫
һűֻΪѪԭʼ޷չսһձͬҪ٣ǿ߶ˣ
ټǧأѹҪ»ҪึһĴۡ
һ壬Լʧǿߣֵ
ԭĹұ;Ŷвٲ࣬ʧСλþҪˣϾǹռдԴ
һǳǧ磬ľͿʯȻұ;ŶḻҲľĵرôĵԴ˹Ľû֮ƥʵλӡ
ͰףҲΪʲôҪôһˣϧ񣡡˾ͽ΢΢ǾôŹȴܡ
ǺǣҺСֵܵ츳Ҫ֪ɹͰûŹǵ飬ϵټ֮˵ܹ𼸴ֹһ壬Ļһĵ̾Զס
ҲѣͰȷʵϿǱһǿһҲмĺô
е˽֣˫붯֣˾ͽֲܾô
죬ܾôСɳСƶˣΪıʦħʹΪǻˣ
˾ͽؿ˾ͽ⣬ѵȷʵ˵ЯܺͱǱҲעҪδɳ֮ǰɱ
ڿ˵ıǸб̫ţ׷ɱңôɱǣңħʹ͵ħʹԼħӵģ޹أڱ͵ڶħʹҲɱǣıһ˵
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ЩħΪѧ⣬񡢺ͯӺʬܵӰ죬ϣᣬ˲˹Ĳ
СҹƽĴһҵϹʦ£ڲܵ£浲ʮУҾ㣡
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Ͱ׹ЦСֵܣЦˣǶСѾһǧٶˡ
ͰһǶС˵ͯɫѾˣȻҰͰôֻĿҧгݵ˵ҲҸҴһʮоӮ
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ˣҲƴѪѣħ֮ͼؽƷżһͯӴڲܵ²ܳʮУǰʮĸֿɲǿЦ
Ϊʵһ֣ƾʲôѹƾ磡
ѹƾ򣿼ֱЦΪǰٵ˵ѹƵ磬ѹƵءɣǶͯӵȻô޴顣
㲻ѹƾҲԣǾ͵ٴ򣬵ʱߣκξ磬κҽӶˣ
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пְ취ҥ˵ԼϻĳЩܣԴѰҼѣϹһ壬һ峣ֻܹ¾սҲָܹݷһûʲôʵȨ竻£ս
һһԼ뿴ģֻתѹһһŬķ򣬲ڹǽԼһЩʱ䡣


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ǲ֪ΪԼһɾ޵ˣЦ˵˾ͽĴӡ˾ͽס
˾ͽױ˾ͽߣǱСĶţ˾ͽֱ˾ͽΪϯӣڴħʹ֮ǰ
Ҫˣ֮˾ͽһ˶ӣ
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Сֵܣ㡭Ͱľʵ̫Ϊˣһأս֡
һԪллͰ峤ΪһУҲһұԹ𣬺̫أ
Ͱǹɼζ˵аգĶ˽𣿡
ֻ˽ⲿֶѡʵ˵֮ǰȻ񣬶԰ǿ߶˽⣬񲢷ȫ֪ȫܣڲûһЩûм¼ظ֣ȷϡ
ĳŵҲ˼ķգ
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һĲģѳʣǾûõĿܣȥĽܻܿǡȫ濪ս
󳬼һսȻʧأѪɺӣֽ˾ͽ졢Ͱסܲ
һǿ߲μӵȫ濪սսɼ߽׶ΣеĽʽˡ
˾ͽ˫ָ۾΢΢𣬿Ŀȴ·Ҫһ㣡
״ӦսҲܾԺѸٷʵ
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ţ֮ڵõ˽ҲԲᳬʮѾǸߵˡ
ʮʲôҪ֪мķˮ룬һʮʮǰʮǴķˮ룬ͻһ󾳽磬ʵͻͽҲǰ̫ࡣ
Ȼе˾ͲԳ֮
ʵǰһ˾ͽ˵׼
ʵ˾ͽ޷⣬ԼҲ޷⣬ħҲ޷κмֵĽ飬Ͼַ˫ޱټ֮ɣս顢аӵȵǶһ޶ģ߰ؼҪ֮ŵڼȫǲܵ顣
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Ȼսδ֪ȻԼͻ֮ʵδ֪ĶΣԣȴоѪҺȼսڵѪҺһսⳡѪɱս
ŵⳡĶҪԭΪ˸һѹͬʱҲδΪҪѹեԼļޣ
ʿ˵ȻսҵĳϵĴУħ֮ôأǲҲҪһע
ǲƽսһж࣬һˣ˵ƾãӮȴôκκô飬ȻӦ
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΢΢뵽ħľֻҪõͿԴħ֮ǼֵǬ¯ı
ܿͽ֮񶨡
ħ֮ʵеĴ󣬱ϾֻԼû̫ôҪһЩΪĵر
ңҪһ㣬ħľ棬Ǽ̳ħ۴еǾͳѧЦ
룬ڿ˵͵ǵĴкħ֮ĵȫ׷ȴǣûҪħľһⲻǻ֮
ʱһ߳ŭ˺ƤԸڱŵԸƴʧҲҪһ忪սͲˡ
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һԿʮݲϣЩ꣬ҩܴ½ıҲвогЩ϶ܴ½ҵּΪ
Щϣö鵤
һöΪĵܹԼһɵɵʱ䡣
ڶöΪϵǶԿŶݼ׵һЩҩ˵ȫһЩʵ̫ԴҪ뿪һŵҩҲҪķѲСĴۡ
ৣ
âһɵʵС
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ΪҪħľû뵽ѡҪĵرЩһһȫôҲҪ߰˰Ԫʯ
дмУѰķѸԴֵܼǲǧԪʯ
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ǿƣȴһһСӱŴӦһӦĶĶ֪֮
߳һĴһ̣˾ͽͻȻסŲɨڳһۡ
ǼҪμⳡսӮˣͣˣ


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Сֵܣ̫嶯ˣ֮ͰЩε˵Ҳ֪ƾһ޷ȫӻһĹȫ˺Ƥʱ
Ҳ˵׼мɰգͰף˵֪ǰʮĸ֣ĴĲࣿ
ǣͰ׵ͷֻǱģΣ˭ҲΪǰʮߣпܽ񺣣һǰʮ֣һδ񺣴ܣܹһսݱ¶ȥĻѰԵʱܻ⵽жԶֵĽɱĶֵжٿֻ߲֪
˾ͽϺ꣬ǡʨӲȫӦӦЩǿʵ˽⣬ûоųɰգȥһ£οⳡսҪܿ޷ĵ̣Щ˾ͽԲֳоųɰյһеƣʾѸײڶ֮ƻ֣ܶ
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һνűǵĲӵѪ֮ӡ֧Ԯ򣬿ĳһγǿߵսӿָߵƣߵٶȡԷ־͸֪ȵȡ
뵽֧Ԯ壬Ͱ峤һһҪ˵
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־ǿ־ĳǿߣƾǿʵӲ䣡Ҳµ϶ǳԭˡ
ԭл򣬹ֲһҪҲ޹ôһ壬ԭǸû취߳ǧ硣

󣬾Ŷʳһķĸ¥֮У֪ܲ
ϢĴ򡭡һͷҵ֪Ĺ̨ǰóһԪʯ
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ڶٰʮҪչسɣҪһ֮սɸ֣
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ΪµһţΪλһͻɣսﵽʲô̶ȣ
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֪鱨Уδἰһıӻв⡣
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ԽԽ󣬲ĴĴܱߵʥءšСҲϢܴ½һţսȫ֣ʢȫ½Ŀ⡣
ܶ߿Խʮһڵǧ磬һŵһһξȻ򿪴ţڶ߽룬Ͱ׿һսȻҪһЩ֤ˣҪȫ½򼴱ӮˣռǿƵҲܻٳŵ


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Ͼһɶ˵ǷǳΣյһ飬뽫Լ״̬ѡ
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ǰ̫Զˡ˵жڸпͬߣôôء

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ʮ֮һڵǧνǺƼӡӡƷšʥص״ӡ޲һ㡣
Ҫ֪һʷδڵ伮֮еսһΪսһǿߣ
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ߡҲ磬ΪǿڣֱԴΡ
ҲǵۼţǵͱʼգΪ涼ֻս˺ܶࡣ
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˵óһľҩУ֮Ķʱһݡ
֮кȻö񵤣
񵤼Ϊܹǿ񺣵ĸʣԻΪͣ׽
ֵҩѹǸõģ̫˷ˡ
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ҩʥؾŶһö񵤵ĳɱҲﵽʮԪʯϣʮԪʯôᱻͣ
ˣŶҲϸۻ񵤣ϾûԸ֡
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ƺ뷨΢Цֲƴˣ֪Ҫ߶޶ɽ٣ԽǿޣɽپԽѣΪݣֶɣԻһǱԨؽ
һϯ˵ĸأɫ˵˸޿ɲһ޶ɽΪУݣȻԽǿԽѶɽ٣ɣǻȥ已̥ǸԽʵߣԽס
֪ʱ˸Ҳһء˵Ц·˵һΪ飬ȴ΢΢üָܾ
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֪Ǻηʥһ񰡡
ݷԲѵ˵ȻȻڶΪֻǿսһսȽϴεǿ߶ѡ
˼֣ȻˡߵСѾߺĴȻάݷ磬Ҳָ֪ͨǿߵĲࡣ
˶ûʶҪԭһֱգϢȿžս󣬾Ȳۿȫ˽ϸ޹ȵȣָһȻͻˡ
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һ峤Ϲ֮ǰĶݷСѾ˵ݷϲύºܣȻֻϧһ
Ѿʼչˣݷ۾һ˵ĻžۣҪʽˣǽһʢ£


835 ڱ
Ͱ״һĴţƾºܽĦⳡսΪ֤սǽ
ڣԽԽ࣬в޺͸ῡܣЩǷ绪˾ۼһ𣬶ȴδкôΪ߶ɱͼΪգҪ״̬̫࣬ȴѹЩ죬ͰѾĸеɲԭеôףôƵö񵤣ʮʱƣ״̬
Σʱ䣬һоҪˡ
Ͱ׿˿ɫתıչ֮ء
һõıչصأһ̵֮Уλǧĵ㣬Ԫޱȷḻ
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Ȼǰһ弸ǿߵ£ҲԷס߸ǿߵֹ
ѷͰ׷Ϊȷɵʱһʧ
ֻϧҪض죬ѾʧһҲֻѣܽõǧ磬ôսͰҲ˿塣
峤
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Ͱ׾ֱչ֮أĵϻ˴ƣЩƶԪ߶ɳɹʵط
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ΧǧԪʯ֮⻹дССһУö񵤺ȻС
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ͫһҲֻģȷϡ
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δйûǰ˵·Էգķ˫߶ǿҩɣϾǲܹȫƿһֻԵ
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֮һļƷԪʯȹЧ޹񺣴ܵᡣ
δڣͰ׾ʹҪƴǣ֮ԶֹһʯͷļֵҰҲ˽ģڵֿȣһһأ񺣣ʱǺܿͳΪµһˣҵעܳҲܻֻ꣬ϣպչһһ塣
Ͱ˵Щʱϲ֮ɫһѪ䣬һֱ̹Ȼԡ
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пһ屳Ĳˣ֮ǰѾ¶ĽԼʵ֮һҪĽħӺ漣֮ǧǰǧɫ󣬶ħӺ漣֮ڲȥ̽һܴ½ʥħ½еʲôܡ
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ֻ˵֣ȻӹֻаСָСļƷԪʯǷ˻Իûˣʲôûˡ
ʱûҪ顣
һǰеĸһһ򿪣Ƿֱö񵤣ʮö԰ǧɫ׾Լħǧлõħ֮ǣ
Щټаѿгɫ׹⣬ɵȫʱ
ǰļĵرͰȻһЩ
ĿһۣԭΪƸöѾ㹻󣬿ڿóĶֵǶڻ֮ϣһŸ뵰Сɫӣ̺ȻԼļƷԪʯʤ൱һļƷԪʯй֮
죬ʲô
ͰѱԼļ䣬Ҳȫ벻ȱ
Ϊܴ½ߣͰֻ֪ľ񣬴δħ֮ǡ
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죬ڳɣڳ񺣣
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뵽ٿǰɢſֲĵرͰ׵ǾȻˡ
ϥ£Ķ棬ڵСֵܣΪ㻤

תͰ׿֧ԮһѪ֮ӡרܣͰ׵ΪóȻҪΧǿö࣡
Ͱ׵ӳֻ֮оȫ³ůÿһϸСԪ˹ʼԪ
һģеͨԪʯʼɢܿ죬ǧöͨԪʯͻΪɻңԪڱչ֮أȫĺ
ЩȴڶǴȡ͡ҲΪѾֱ͵ĵκɢֻΪ˸ṩӪҺһıѡ
ĬĬ͵ö񵤣ת޷״̬


836 
ʱһƣӰ쵽ϣٴϵ졣
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ߵϺ峤ͰףȫעǴʱľ״̬һҲɡ
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ĵö񵤶ʧȥ˹ҩۣû̷ֱ񵤣˫ֵѨֱգȻ˷ѻ񵤵ҩǺôǲ뵤ɵĹؼʱڣκһ㲻δ֪أȻ̰ôһҩðյľٶ
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ƿŶգ콵Ѿڽĳ̰ɣҲҪѽ壬ʽɣڴء
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Ϊһ󷨣ͬʱҲ谭ԪĽ롣
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ֻһЩֵַøѣܿ죬̵Ϣɢˣһʮʮ٣һ峤ϹΧۼԽԽ·ܡ
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ٺ٣ҲԭΪأҪӲİѵڵѽľ磬ԲҪö񵤣ҷҲ˷ѣЩ޵ȻͻɵĶţһɶɣΪ㹻ʱ˻񵤣ֻлûкôö񵤣Ȼԭ򣡡
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ǰɣΪǿɣҲ˵ΣԼߣһɸȰԶ˵һجΣ
ߣҲֱɥǿɣʲôȥǿǶ


837 
ܶһ춼δ뿪ڶ֮£ҹĻڽ١
һҹעƽǧȴΪѹ֣һ峤ϹΧ˸·ܣȴ˳ֻҹϰϰ
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һҽۻգ֮ϣһ־Ǵұۡ
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ʱȫͣѪܱ·𴵵˼޵ʱܱը
Ȼ˿⣬ȴܸܵ˺ľ޴ʹࡣ

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˾ͽȻţǾµһ˻̫Զ̫ԶưɣȻôƣݹܴ½ʮʷһֻ֡
µһ𣿡ϸ۾΢΢Ŀᶨս˫ȭһģ

Ű󶼿ʼˣö񵤡ħ֮ǡƷԪʯͷŵĺ֮УԡںУѽϸСԪֵܱߵʵı仯
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ָ֮Уϴ񣬻Ĵ
ڣÿһϸҫĹԣаѿӰ֮£׵֮Ѿϸ
׵ǻ֮֮޶ɽʱ壬ǿ󣬶ڽеĸ̣Ҳ֮ͬ


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ԺĪĻͷţνӦǽӽ۷壬Ѿﵽ۷ľǿߣ紴а֮ġа񡱡
۷徿ʲôӣȴȫûκθֻܲ룬ǷһʱȫбԴɣ
˼ЩʱȻоһĴʹ
սҵ·ʲôҪƽһ㣡
ţѵǡսҪˣ
ս飬֮󣬾ֻƾսߣսԽ磬սķչǱԽΪÿ߾ߣǱĬսϡ
ɣսҪٽһ
Ȼᣬһ֮µĵдˡ
ӡһԭḻ̌ɫѽӣλ֮ȴһŷ͸ɫʯʯȭͷСΧһЩϸС顣
ǰ׾
ΪԴ׾ҪʮŻᵮҲ
־֮Ĺע׾ĳǹսΪһ塣
飡
׾飬Ө͸ɫȵķֲǹսĸһɲǣһݵ˳ǹս֮ϣɫƣ
Щת仯ޱȣ̺űԴʹϣʯϵ·֮ͬ
׾ܹ֮־Ϊ˼ʮʱ䣬֤ıǨʮһһԿڰ׾֮ϣʵ仯
ЩԿ̵սϵʱ򣬾ͻս֮뱾Դĥ־
˺ʹʶȻһӡ֮֮һҵĻζ£ֻҪʧȥʶ̬Ϊʧȥƶɢʱ򣬾Ļҷˡ
ʹʹܣôħƬʱξʹĥѾ־
رģΧ޾עս֮УɫƲϣϵϴ
ʱʱ𣬳ˢսÿһ磬ǹսһһı䳤ṹܣĳһ̣ʼȥɫƤֳһĨɫĹ⻪
Ȼǹ⻪ʮ΢ȴһ
ս飡
Լɵʱټϰ׾ϴս龹һԽͭԲֱӿ
ͭս鵽ս飬һ󾳽磬ԭԼҪɸĴɲܿԽû뵽ڰ׾İ£һɵʱ򣬾һٳƣ
սɫĹ¹һһ̣ǹս·Ҫ֮УƬһ𣬻ΪبĴڡ


839 ʨԴ
սĽһͣǻḶ́ǹսȥԭɫƤɫĹ⻪
ʱţǹսɫĵƲϵת̰ŽɫеǼƷԪʯħ֮ǡ׾ȵĵرͷųԪƷʼߡ
Ȼ˿ֲ嫵ӿϸСɫ֮Уȴֻõһѣʲô仯
ϱģе󽥽ƽϢɫĹâĿäҹ֮ϵĽɫʱƽ֮С
ֹƬֹ֮ͣ˶𺳵ĺȻʧˣ˶Ŀе龰ȷȷʵʵʧˣʼδ۳
ˣ
Դӷʧ֮ΧѾȺʱȻûת
ʱˣѵˣ
Ϊ㣬öǿΪռ󣬿̾һţƣУչһ񣡡
һƷŵɳϧҡͷɳųǰ޹˺ߵĹ⻪Ϊܴ½ʷĵһˣ
Ȼʵʵû
ʱûȥϾЩǶûߣͼ߶äҲΧܡ
Ųһ̾һǰļ˵գһҪȵΪ㹻ˮʱı㣬ǧţҲΣա
ǣӽǽ̻壡
šĵͷ˵ʲôͻȻƮ
ţô£
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ǹսƿ̳ɫƵʱңԶҹշ·һڤڤ֮ǣ֮ڵĮ侲˿顣
ǶУȫĵľη̲סҪĤݵĳ嶯
ԽԽµ߳ܲסѹ˫ϥأ
̲ס̧ͷȥֻŰҲ˱仯ԭȥף·𶼻˹ڿۣңϺ
ԽԽ죬ֱʯ˵ĶĤ
ʲô£
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â֯һƬɫվҵһһΣͬıһ㣬Ҫ˺ˣ
Ͱ״ʧɫ⡭ǧĿռϱڣѵҪ
ܣ񺣴֣Ҳ޷˺ȹ̵ǧռϱڣ
Ȼ·ҪشͰ׵ʣһ̣ռϱıƿˣ
Ǳ飬ƾʧһ̣ǧĴǧΪһ壡
ʲôô
Ͱײ˼飬Դʮǰܴ½пɿݵʷʹδ˵
ͰףҲɫɲѵǡ
ʿգʱԭʵͻȻֳһɫ·Щ·һڿⷭڣǹսϵ·һһӦ
֮أӽԴĴڣǧĿռϱڸ赲
һɫͶӰصɽ䣬ϹĹܳѹɳһˣ
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µ߸޷ˣһ˳ʮľ룬;˵ˡ
⵽ڸʲôЩĶ𣿡
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һãȻʵĵľ⡣
ģȻûôֱʣʦû˵Ȼ˵ԼȴҲҽ׼ôƣŪ
ͰҲ˵Զ¶֮ɫ
ľһֱͨ۲֮ǰһֱ̥ǣĵرеҲãǿеĳɫ֮ҲãڱգµϽɫ׹ⲻŪġ
еԽԽܼѾ֯һƬû˿϶ǧ磬ǱȰ컹ҪǸ˫ۡ
ʱңԶıһӳĹͶϽɫ⣬ͬӴ䣡
׹⿪ʼۼУγһͷŰ֮ޣ̤ϰɫĹ·
ߺ޵Ķڵλã˫֮Ǳŭ֮ɫ
֮λڰǧɫʨԴڸղţܵԼİ׾飬ĶڵѪ漣֮һ·Ҫ˺鲼Էйŭ
ʲô
ʨӣһͷʨ
Σ𣡣
죬ôǿ飬Ǳģ
ϵĸ¶⣬ƣܣȻɣƷƷ飡
ܴ½ԴĴڼ֪ƷҲѵһЩôжϳ׼ȷ
ӱ޹أȻΪ嫵֮һϵ˵
֮Ҽֵǣ
ϵ˵һƷļֵȫ൱һƷˣҲǱ׼ʥԴζѡ
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Эץס
ǳǿ󣬺οǰ龿׼Ʒδ֪ڳϵΪѾﵽɣ˻λĶ֣Ҳ˿Ҵ⡣
ڲȥηʱҪס˵
һ֣
Ϊ׵һȣ˷ܵĹâ
ʮĸ֣ڴ֮ǰҲֻһؽƷ飬ܵõö飬ʵȻһ
ϵָͨǵεҲΪٵ͵ľûгˣΪҲûãǽ飬ּҲܹȾָġ
һȣֳһԱﵣһǶһ飬оû̫գڼ֮һӡ
䣡
ߵı֮ҫɫ׹⣬һעʮɵ
߾
һȣصһʨԴԴ
𣡡
ʨԴһ춯صڳֻһ˲˫ʧϣΪֱӶѣ
׵壬Ȼһ𣬱һѪʨԴɫĴצӣһצߣֻ¡һ죬һˣ
ɹ֮Уߵﱦȫս飬Ѫ˿
ʲô
ĸϵһδϵҶһ˵ǿ߶³ǴʧɫתҪܣȻѾˣ
ʨԴΪϵĻ߰ԭΪ׾ŭһȺ϶Լƣ
һֱӳĸϵ֮䣬ͬʨȺһʱҽѪ
ֻǼգ۵ʱ䣬ĸϵһĸ򵹷ɳȥһǶˣȻѾ䣬Ҳͨ役ڣ׶༪٣ۿǻˣ
ͻһĻ·߷׷ɫ䣬ģ


840 
ʮĸ־Ȼһ֮УҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ǿ̶ֳ
ۿʨ֮צһЩͼԶԶĶˣ±ЩǾҪɷɻˡ
һϵƷŵͷʨԴ˼
Աѵ漣֮
ʲô漣֮
һܶ߶һ
ܴ½ӵǿĵطֻһǾ籩֮漣֮
漣֮ϿԶܲƣҵһöʵ㲻ϡ棬ط
ǰʨеٮٮߣпǴ漣֮ģ
ķҲӡ֤һ㣡
漣֮ɱĳ飿
뵽ڳ޲ɫ䣬漣֮˵һħأ֮û⣬Ƿ绪µһҲˣ
Ĵڣʲô˾㤣
ѵΪ
ԶԶһУǷһ΢ĻȣȻ֪Ϊλ漣֮еĴڣȻһǣʨ߲ƣ
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籩֮УȻһȻû飬ȴŰ֮͸ӿǽɫ֮С
ͣ
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ĺ֮УԻֱϴ
һߣһ˲ͻҷ𣬶ȴް֮Ȼʢ
Ͱһȴûг֡
һȫĵĹעеһ߲˿˵ӴͶ룬ס󡣡
ǿ֣Ͱ׶ļ̶̳гģ֮ǰʨԴͷų׹δһͨ󷨵ϵ֪
漣֮Ȼг𡭡
ʵڳϣϸҲǿ飬漣֮õĴУ֪ܲΪʲôԭʨ顣
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ԶԶȥ·һ֮ⷽأ
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ֲ̫ˣػҲֱӳ֮ûıꡢ־ȫ¶֮£
ֻ£лˣԶʮ֮һڿˮǶûŪһ£ǻ
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Ҫ䣬ֻ³񺣴ܣ˭Ҳ֧ŲסڶɵĹؼʱ̣ûԪѪһ״̬ҪܻҾ͡ͰҵĽˡ
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ȻһȴһЦЦתͷһۣһۿ﷢顣
㿴ʲô
ЦЦ˵ô
㣡
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һ̣бŷõĹâţ𺳵һĻˣ֮Уһɫƥһǹһ̴죡
ʲô
ԶԶĿǶɫâһʱ伸ʧأ
սγɵ־֮ǹɫĹԣѵǡս飡
ͭսΪɫԣսΪɫԣǴ˵ġ
ս飿
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һصĻ£
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ϵŨصƣһΪ
𣡡
ʨԴһŭû壬ɫ⣬صײһ
䣡
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أ
ʨԴһҽУ巭ŵɳȥƺǸˡ
Ϊ壬ʨԴΪߣȴûп֮ǿߣǶԷ񺣴Ҳ˲ΪһǾӰ٣ͬʱʹ깥
µǾͨ׵編ߣǵΪһܸߣȴö⣬ס
֮ƾвİ׻ʵ־ͿԺӰ׵תķ֮ʹˡ
ڣһĻٴݣƾ̺־İս飬ʹʨԴ
ʨԴŭʵĺУܱߵ֮ܵǣ糤ˮһĻ۹ȫûʨԴڣһ̣ʨԴ仯ʮɴСһǰƣɫսٶȳ
磡
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һļµĴս
Χ޺͸޲ɫ䣬ͨոյķȷϣȷɫǹƥǰս飡
ǰս顭񺣴ܶ޷İս顭ôģ
ܴ½սǴ˵еĶڵǿߣûһӵаս飬ͭԲǷëǣ
Ȼӵаս飿
ڴұ֮ϣŷұһԼĸоȼյ֮ƿ־֮ǹ֮
Խң֮𷴶ȼյԽʢŷұȻҲǾ콾һȣһĪĸо
˾ͽԡŲõ׹⣬ڵ˫֮в˿ɫʣ֮Ϊһ壬֮ǰʨĹû˵Ϊٶȴ壬սΪǹ⾳ƲɵһսԽԽڴˣ
˾ͽƽǹ棬ս߰
ΨŶɫƽվڽɫ֮ϣȫΪ֪ʲô
أ
֮УʨԴٶȷһҽУ徹Ǳ־֮ǹһǹ͸
ΪʨԴҲʲô⣬Ȼһβͬս̺֮һǹʨԴ֮ʨھ֮·˵̵ĺˮһս֮ǹӿȥԴԴϵı뵽֮У
ʨԴʧɫҽ
֮УõʨԴע֮ڿʼˣ
ѽ֮


841 ɳأɾ
ʨԴһƴȫɫ־֮ǹҰȴǱ˺һ޴Ŀӣǰȱˣ
ͣ
ʨԴǰ̻ĵ⣬־֮ǹŵס˲յȫע֮С
ԴųƲ𣬵ĲֻԴľˣʨԴľ˱ͷ­֮Уಿֶ۶ɵġ塱ٵ˻۳ֻҪʱˡ
ʨԴһ޵£Ȼֶ̺־֮ǹΪɵ
ۼɫ־֮ǹٶȡˡʨԴ⣬һתűɶݣ
ʨԴӵˣٶȣҪܣҲκβҪƾսͷӡ̫Զ
׹ɢд׹ⱻ֮ǹתΪա
Ԫ֮͸ǧǹ⣬ȫžڵ֮УʹⷽСȡ
Ƭ֮ʧҹջָµգҹϰϰֻɲ˺Ĥ֮еӰ˸ղŷʲô
ղżֱξһ龰
񺣴Ʒİս飬Լ漣֮׶Ĵڣߴս˳Ծǣ漣֮龹Ȼˣ
ֵ𺳵ľʵ̫࣬߸֪
ţʲô
һһĳ
һ˵ֻ飡飡飡·һı죬ֻƮ죬ͬһ㡣
ʲô
ǽŲ
ǿнÿһΣģ䲻˵֮ǰ̺ϣÿһļΧԪ·̺ĳķ֮
飡飡飡
ԽԽ죬ֱ˫
һѪɫĹ۳һһεţŷҫ۵Ĺâ
Ǻâ
һࣿʼˣ
һ߾ĺ֮࿪ʼ֮ǰһ죬֮
˵У۷ǿߣ嶼ʮ겻ϢΪǵط
ȻԶԶﲻȾ磬ȴҲӵԪ
Ŀʼˣ֮ǰֽѣͦˣֱˣ
ΪʲôôѵΪʵǲʣϷһжʶìܡ
Ҳ壬ϼֻ֮壬Խ͡ƺ̺żܣܲΪ棬ϵ̫Ѱˡ
һȻųƻȥ已̥ûܹ̥ǵ˳ף衢ۣʵƶ
֮󣬽һһѪ
ԭεеϸܵǣЩϸÿһĸ죬׵׵ķ˱ʵı仯
Ѫ֮ʱӨ͸͸пתЩҫջ۳ɵѪҺ絭ɫˮһء
ѪҺѪŵҺ̬
ѪҺ֮һһصĹ۳ЩֱǾɣ貾Ө
̳ߵļӲԣӵߵԪԡԺŵ˵ȡһǣֻҪԴĥһҪļͿԳΪһƷ
֮ϿʼƤ⣬׸壬ͬһ㣬˿ʣؾɣÿһ缡ɴ
ͣ
ɫǣֶס壬һϸС˿֯һγһļ롣
Уǻһ㣬ɱ䡣
һ⣬һƤϵһֱ۾١֫
ĺɫϸСĺëһһҫĹԡ
ȫ㣬˫ǰ˫ۻ˫ϥӤһ׵γɵļС
˫ۣ˯ˣȴûкȻȻܴΧҺ̬ȡԪ
ٱøǷüбޣƤӨ͸ͬɵƷ˫ȱֱ޳ʵԼļУʱȫÿһ
˯ʱ죬Χûһ뿪֤һеķֱһӶͶ͸ɵĳɫĹ
콵𡭡ƿŶĲó¶һ˿ܿЦݡ
ʢ٣ڴֻҲôáĻ΢ЦעԶڵ׵֮룬Լ͵˵Ҳ㹻ʸ񡭡ΪʢԿס

̫бתۼѾˣڶȥ˴룬ǧ˵ʱֻǴһζѡ
ܶ߶ɣһõḶ́һµʱ䣬ҹһӵʱ۳壬ȻǱĬĸȴҪķѲʱ䡣
һֱʱ֣ͻȻɢڿռΧѾŨԪ纣һӿ
ͣ
׹ҫԪγ˿͵ķ籩С
߳ɹ֮󣬵ԭȱ͵ɢ֮Уüȿա
徭֮ɿԪ壬ҲǴյ״̬Ҳʹ֮󣬻ΧԪҲߴڵһʵͻͽԭ
һĹҪ֮ã˵ΪΧԪѾŨĲŨΪʵҪ࣬Ҳ°빦
һ޵׶֮иֳһ޴Բ֣ĩ©һ㴹£ӣԪԴԴϻ۶
ڵ׵̰֮һУһӵʱȥΧԪյļʱ׵֮ͻȻŷɹ⻪죬һɴϢض죬·һ
ĿתĶһУǺʵļͻȻɢϦĹ䣬һȾİ£ն
òʣĴݣ̤ͷڷԪγɵ裬˫Ŀ緱ǣӣȴ·ܴ֮ͫп׾˳١
һ̣ԡϦâµ绪񣬳ΪԶӰ
ǡ˼顣ұŷұòϣʱ˿̵
ߣŷұ΢΢һЦһ˽ܣܽ£ұ
˵ЦЦԼá


842 һ۷
ȫ߾նϦޣİӳһϼ
ʱͬ·˼ɾ
ܺã
ʱһЦͰڿն
һʷסӣ⽫ܿܳΪµһ˵ǿߣһȹһ٣պֻҪ䣬һҲ
Ᵽµֽ䣬Ͱ׹һһһٵ˵Ͱ峤ĳġ
ɣһҪã˵֮֮֡
ȻֻǼ򵥵ĳŵ־ߣһŵ㹻ˡ
Ͱ׷Цɣô۰˳֮⣬Ҳһԭǿδܴﵽ񺣺ھľǿߣܻ£ɱӻһ֮á
ϲˡƳԶԶһ֣Ƿ绪ֻһݿʣһݸ߹ѵ֮
лֵĻ񵤡
һȻһֱδӦƵŶǶƱˣӡǺܲ
ϸעһƵĵԼɣҲ޷ƵΪưµľŶһΪط˸Կ嵤
⵹һʵõĹ޳ɣô
ţԼ壬ϸѰһ飬ֵڶħʹԼ֮Ѿʧˡ
֮ʩ֮ǰȼԼȫꡢѪΪֻۣɱԼˣߣձǶԷʵǿƾƽĵز
֮ʵһ֮Ȼ
ӵȻ֣֮һɫԪ֮Ԫ֮뵤ΧΪһ壬ģһƬǿߵı־ģֱҪͨ
ԼеŨù֡
ţҾȻѾһ۷ˣ
һɣֱӴﵽһ۷壡ҲԭΪ͹ˣֻΪ忪Ŷݼ̫֮ͣٳٲѽ⣬Ϊѹ޵ļޣóôĵرһͻƣʵȻͻͽ
ʲôǡ
֪͸ɫԾķ֣Լĵ֮Уɫ֮ϣȻһ겻ߵѿ쿪۵ҶҶ֮ϣƬҶһƬΪɫһƬΪɫŻҶлҶӳΣ潻֯淨ĽɫͼڣҶӳʷɽ״ɫľ顣
аѿתƵˣ
õаطʱ򣬰ܵļ䣬ӦߵɵʱаӾͻתƵ֮УΪǸʱߵľʹתƵˡ
Ȼϣȴһֱɣ֮аӲתƵ²ԼйأϾһ;ҪλãаӼľҲ֮С
аѿȻϣ֪ʲô仯
аѿľĸоλãȻϣ֪ԼպӰ졭
Լ̽ʱͰҲѾﵽһ۷壬ֻһ֮ң
иϲãǰδš
Сֵܣһͻƾһ۷壿
ͷǳ̫ҩŽҴﵽ磬Ҫٹһ²źá
Ͱ׹Цܺãʵһͻ죬һʰѵõϼѣ־ͣʺ䣡
ӲҪ˵ʲôϰ츳Ļôʣԣ־֮ģõ⣬ϢϢء
δ˵ʲôʱһͯŮһǶԴұŷұŷұơ
ϲͻɣպɾͲŷұ繰˹ַ֣绪ұѹ
ֹӣϲˡŷұҲС˵
֮ǰ֪˵ĳҲһһҪܴ½һʱ䣬ЩĴķùϵȻôࡣ
ǰЩѼҩݺľ׼һЩ͸֣Цɡ
ŷұ˵óһľУľרſһ϶ø֪̽Ķ
һݵľ񣬻дҩֲعʮԪʯļֵڵ˵ЩȻǳʵãΪҩɻưŶݼףҪҩ
˵ʲôŷұǧĪҪƴǣֻǽѣûб˼
ǰЩչ֮˲ǶǱŽύ˼ŷұҲ⣬һӮȫߣպǰ;
ԭŷұǴӮ˲ͳЩ񿴵ʱ󣬸ı⣬ܱȲѩ̿
ǾллŷұˡЩҩĺľһҪ֮ǰƵĻ񵤣ܶŷұıöԷ¼ɣⲻҪĽ
ֿˣз֮ɳµһˣʱչһСܾͿˡŷұ뿪Ц˵
ΧһƬʱһ΢̶
ƣ֪ʱɣ֪ĻΪأһܴ½һϵߣûаҲ򣬾ǧ綼һץһѣضǣô
˵ע⣬Ƿ׷ȥȴ˵һˣ˫ֽ汧ǰһΪȻӡ
ϳ˴˾ͽ
֮һֱɾ֣ۿŲԽԽԶûа׷ϵĿܣֺּ޵Ķͷķһͨ
ߣͻʱΣһɾһɣΪսʤǿߣ
˾ͽ˵䣬߰˸ǿߣһȫǸΪʵޱȣЩˣʶ֡
п˴ħʹͺͯӵӰǶɣǰ٣Щ˵УԲǿģɲоģվǰһӢӣĺۣ˫ţ˫Ȫһʣ̲סΪ֮ۡ
ֱӺ˾ͽĿںӵϣ˾ͽϻ˵˾ͽϲ񣬶̫ˣһսһţҪʮϡ
˾ͽɲĬΪ˾ͽɲ֮ǰû٣˵Էš
˾ͽɲĬȻͬܵѹͬʱҲսⲪɣȻƺƴ󣬵սΣȴֻд֪ᱻԷŵ
Σɳûκ壡ҿĴս˾ͽоԼԱˣ߳ŭ˵


843 ָǹ
˾ͽһϯ˵ڳߵĴս֮ǰΪʱе𺳣ˡ
ԭΪսȴЩͷˣǲ֪֮սΣ
ƾ󣬵Ϊȴ޷ֲĶ̰壬һɣǿ߲С硣
֪˾ͽɲΣ
˵ã˾ͽɲǵʮֻǹ⣬Ͼ˾ͽɲѾʮûˣ˭֪ʵΣʾˣͻɹʵҲ޷˵塣һսǲ֪ġ
󲢲ܴԵʵֻܱս̶ֳȣ޷⡣
˾ͽɲͬˣΪǰʮĸ֣Щ˱صĴʣƽʱѵһսսҲѰлῴġ
˵ԭֵս˷ܣοսʵһգһܴ½һţһҲǶۼţδ֪
ʣһսܴ½һʢ£
ЦЦĿ˾ͽһ˵ҵˣѾһ۷壬ͻƶɣ»ҪһЩҩ֧֣ԼĻǸģҸжԼЩҩѻҪˡ
һ֮ɱ壬Ȼ˵û̫ߣϸΪܣҲ˵ɹɵڶأҪѽ⵽ȵһɸΪס
˵ױֻۣߣҪĴȵһɸΪϡҩ
ʵˣΪһ֮ȫȫԴ洢Ԫ
һɵʱԵΪԪѽ壬ñһöѵըһ̵ľʯǿը飬Ҳ޷þʯó׵ףǱѵǿ
ɵʱͲͬˣȫΪԪ൱ڽʮϰöѵʯĸҪը۾׶ˡ
ԣ·˫ҲǴɵʱʮѣļԵ߾Ԫϵ˵ֻѣѵף˫߶һαһѣķѵҩһαһοţŶҪѪǾ͸з˫޵ˡ
˾ͽȻŶԼʱЦͷӮԼҩǴһ
ϴ˾ͽȻøϻ˵ɶԷԼϣ˾ͽǰɣ˵ţĪǵʱҲҹУ
һ仰ֱӰ˾ͽҭסˣϳУǲ𣿵δ򲻹οڡ
ôЦһϳҲԪֻһָֻһУܽ£Ӯ
ʲô˾ͽŭգô˵棬Ȼ˱ӣֻһָֻһУҪǡԪ
ԪôĹ̫ˣΪԪʽĸڵΪʲôʵᷢʵķԾǾΪȫɱ壬Ԫڵ;ʹԪ˼ʽȻߣҲǿ
ʹԪ͵ڷʹΪߵƣҲ˵ֹ޶£ûɶûʲô
ôܵ棬˾ͽ޷Ӯʲôܴ½
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˾ͽȻţҲµɵӣɰѹֶղ˵ǿȥĸǿĹ
ʱ˾ͽͻȻһȣ֪𣡣
Ԫ˾ͽз·һףȫսĸף˾ͽ죡
ԭԼľսɱԷʱɱ˾ͽҲ׷ʲô
һжŮ֪ж٣ͨĶӣ˾ˣûаָо˾ͽм츳һʵΪᣬֻҪٹʮ꣬˾ͽɾԲ⣬ʱܿǰʮ֮ǰôһϣ񺣣񺣵ȻۿĶ
׺ǳ⣬˾ͽԵЩ֣̿ף̫ôԪһָ£ҽӶսԺôܴ½㣿
Χ߶ڿţвֻ֮ˣʱ˾ͽܹħɾ񺣣Ҳᱻ˼ǵýĳ裬޷Ĩȥ
˾ͽ΢΢ĬȻô˵Ȼʤ˾ͽİգҲΪһָɱԼĶӡ
ָֽһĨһһɫû˾ͽ塣
ţ⡭˾ͽһԼؿڣһʵػħľ
ΪĹ׼ʥħľһֱƿ˾ͽУʱħľס˾ͽ˾ͽ˾ͽӦܵסĹ
ħľ˾ͽ㣬ȫ߶令Ԫħľļӳ£ĻԪһ˿ڰԣ·ҪһУ
ЦǾУõºĴսˣҿҺΣ
ħľԭǺڰ⾳ǲԪ֣֮кɫתħľȻֻռħ֮һС֣ȴħ֮ĺڣļֵħ֮Ĳָߣ
̺֮˺ڰҪħľȫҪڰ֮ʮ֮һò
˾ͽľ磬Ȼ޷ӺɫƵá
ʳָûκԪʳָ֮ȴŷĿ⡣
ţǲԪôйâΧ͵ɻ󲻽ʵ
ս飬ս飬Ԫߵ޸̾ս飬ǴĶû뵽һɵϡ
⽥ۣһɫǹƾճ֣ս̤֮󣬾ͿԲҪϣֱӻˡ
Ҳ֪ԼսĹܹﵽ̶ֳȡ
ħľⶫҳߣ㹻ʵ֮󣡡ţָǹȻһָ
Ĺ˾ͽս˫ȭȫԪ߶¡
ಣ
ҫ۵ƥǹ˸˫ۣԪֻƾսĹͬһһ㣬ûڳߣȴһֱǹָüĵĸо
׵˾ͽһ˲еģǿƥ־־·ڲԭƺĶȻԭ޷ƺڰ֮עħľԪ˶ϲ㡣
־ľѹƣѾڹϵĲ
磡
ħľĻ̶ֱͣͣᴩ˾ͽ壡
˾ͽƺһ嵹ɳȥ


844 ս֮
˾ͽӰһ˲˾ͽıһѽ˾ͽס
֪̽һ˾ͽƣħľס壬һȻᴩ˾ͽ壬ȴûɱ
˾ͽ޷ӳħľҲ˲Ԫûá
սս˾ͽֶһֱڴֻе伮ﲻĴһжû˼
ս飬ٶȣǿķޱʵһϵ⣬Լ⾳˽⡣
˾ͽ콫ϸ⻹ֻ֪ģҲһЩģصû㣬Ŀ¾ȫܣκһ棬ǿ
ߣ
˾ͽѾʧȥʶ˾ͽתʼգ˾ͽ¶û¶棬˾ͽΪ׼ǿɱﵡ
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˵չһζʮֶݣǲû뿪ǧ磬žսһĵ
ղһָ˾ͽȻ𺳣Ǵȴû˾͸ı俴
һָȻûԪע˰ս飬սɱ֮һ֮ȡսϸ̫š
ؼڣۺܴﵽʲôռʵ
һ̺꣬񣬹ϵĸ־ɲ˾ͽɲټʮֵֿܳظ֣սǼ֣ܿ䡣
ȻˣҺһûиǿĸ֣һʵأ
ܹһأպʮھ񺣣һ񺣣ܿܳΪµһˣʱ£ڽһ֮һ
ӵ֮Ҳûгֹ˭£
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ˣӮսϣ󣬿ǽգȴиǰݷá
ס֮ǰͥУÿһݷõҪ׼һЩƷȻұƴ֣һ־ǼֵʮԪʯĶֵԪʯıǻǳġ
Ϊ֪ҪľҩһĶЩ͵Щٳɶ࣬ʮҲһʲСĲƸˣ
ȻԴͻ֮Щ죬һֱչпһŲҲûЩˣһĴԽӼһݷƷ
Ҳһ˵Щ֮󣬽ԷʲôͻƣҲҪȥģ齫˵Щ˵ȴǳҪѩ̿ҲΪ
֮Уϯضǰڷöȫǰ׻⾳ļء
׻ţ⾳⾳ﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣ㹻ֽ׶εˡ
µʱڶ⾳֮ɣûжӦ⾳֧ţǾǱͷӲ
׻⾳ƽ⣬ôʽͻԵòЭ
ȻͻɵĹ̷ǳɣÿһϸõ˴־궼ԣͬʱսʵͻͽ
ºĴսȴޱ֣أСƶֵ³ʮֱңο֪ռжǿ
֮֮
˫֮ϣһֵŰϢֵΪͣһɫĹһ㡣
׵֮Ҳ֮
ν֮ٲɱˣգ֮׵˵ʼ̬׵ϹŴ֮γɵģ֮ÿһϸϸСĵ绡񾭡־Ĵ벻绡޶ɽ٣Ҳ׵壬øǿ
֮֮ĵһط͵ڶط
ԶŻ˳ȵĽӴ淨򣬵һطΪȣڶطΪÿһطӦ񾵵һ硣
񾵹о磬Ӧľַ
ȴ֪׵мط
ûйϵĴУҪ⾳ķܣ׻֮ʶǰ⾳Ѿ㹻ˡ
׻µʽ似ֻܶ࣬µʱ䣬һһֻѡ似ֱǡ
֮֮
˵ǽǹʩչȴһģΪ׻ʵҪƫڷ򣬶ʽ͸ͨ
֮ս塣
֮ӳıܣʹǿʽϬȻһָ似״̬ܣҪ֮͸⣬Ϊ֮á
ֻóս򲻶֮óȻ֮뾭ֻ࣬Բ塣
׹ǰ׻йǿףҲѲᣬ֮ѡǣȻǶаѿ֮гġ
ڵϸ־궼Яԣټаѿ֧֣׵׺ͶȱȰ׻Ҫߵö࣬ϵţ޷ȡ
ʱһĹȥ֮⣬ҲǱĬߡ
ܿ±ѾȥʱԱչе˵ʵ̫ˡ
СֵܣոһʽʱͰ׵ԪͻȻ𣬡Ǿս֮գѾ̨óˡ
Ŷ죡
£оֻǹ˼ѡ
ӱչصʯĹǽڷžž·ϸСը졣
СֵܣΣҵʯſ֮ͰȲʵ֮ǰҲϸĿ˰׻µֻϵߣ޷
ʱִ٣ֻ似
ʲô似
֮ս壡
ţͰȻһ㲻ùۿ׻µĹҲ֪似Ϊʷϸأⶼǰ׻ʵµĳǿ󲻼٣ӹɵǣǶǳ
Ȼţǽµʱ䣬ܲ٣
ͰײЩǣԭΪѡһЩԼ⾳ֻлĿ֮Ϳˣû뵽ôһʼѵ֡
Ͱ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôջѹûпڣҪսˣʲô鶼ûã⣬һЩҪѹ
߰ɣսΪṩһ֮غúϢһӭӾս


845 
ڶ峿֮Ѿǧ磬һȺȺߴǸԵסг۳һ̨ȥ
Щȫܴ½ĸܣ洦ɼɼ֣ڵΪ͵ģڵΪǳټ
Ͼ֮ˮƽս˵ǺڵߣҲֻǿְˣЩٶȼʽ⾳ǸͿ壬ֻǱſ۽硣
ܴ½ῡǲ٣ĴˮƽҪʥħ½ĳʥء
У߸п˵
ľȺͷǳһĳʥľʥأҲǿӽƷţǱĴǲһ㣬Ĵǿ滹ڶƷţҪľʥغܶࡣ
ʵۺʵܴ½ʥħ½һأϾʥħ½ڶ࣬սһеĽٶԶܴ½ܱȵġ
Ȼǿʢܴ½ȴҪǿʥħ½ⶼΪ漣֮Ĵڡ
һ漣֮ڲԴĴΪ漣֮
Ȼʥħ½ҲжӦħӣԴǰһʥħ½ƷžۼʮۼǿߣҪôħеɷΪãʥʮˣʮۼǿͬʥʥħľ޴צһҷ𣬴ԺħӾ䣬ǿ̤Ѫɱԭͻ˵ȥǧѰԵˡ
ʱսһʱȴѾˣλö˴˾ƷŵĳҲֻڵͿǿߣֻڵˡ
ǧ磬Ƽǿߣ֤һս
ϼ䣬ͻȻ䣬һ쳹أԶԶȥʮֻοƷ˵һ̹Ӳӵ¥
Щÿһֻʮɳ̣չʮɣչ᰿֮ʱеɫ䣬ֱͥŮΡ
ǡѩӣ
ǾŶԵһʥؼ壬˼Ѫ⣬һƵѪ֮ӡʵͬСɣѩӾǰ񺣴ܡ
ɼǿߵսȻ񺣴ս
ԭɣȻǾעھ񺣴ܣǺһһ֤ŵһŵʵӮһսܿڽΪµһˣ£Ȼֵ񺣴ܹעˣ
̰ѩ֮ɣԶԶȥһɷǵߣֳһľȣţ̤ƶ
˫üǣһüĿӣҲ˵ƣ·ֻһʳķһ㡣
컯ˣ죬Űһѿ˵
죬񺣴ޱðǣ𣿡
컯ǵϻԶ񺣴֮һȻ񺣺ڣ
컯һγǰѾһǧǰ飬˵ʱԪѾǧ꣬ôʱ䲻˴컯Ѿˣû뵽ٶȳڹҰС
컯Ҳ޳ļ壬һҰףʲôʵ֪ǧǰŶ̫ʴսһȴδֳܷʤ
֮ܶһӽµһ˵ĳǿߣŶ̫ʣұһɲ⡣
û뵽컯ǰҲһǧĦ󱲵սǧǰѩͬʦǰܹټǰɣҡ
Ůһѩ޳еŮӴ¥Ϸ£ѩӣ컯˵ĵѩҲҪ¥ݼԾ֮⣬Χ߰զ࣬컯˵ıʵǸߵˣѩӶҪ
ԭǰ׷ͽСѩŸɣǻ껪תۼǧȥҲɾ񺣣ʱǲǰЩ˵ʦѾʬ⣬ϧϧ
컯ҡͷɣ֮⣬ȻȴΧ˼
ǧתۼǧꡱԿǵд˻һǧأСѩĳƺЦԷǣܳƺѩΪСѩģҲֻ컯ˡ
컯֮񺣴ܣȻҲݴ֮ˣƽʱлڼ컯ȴ˵֮󣬵ҲûʲôԾˡ
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ˣ
֮Ҳ֪˭һ˶һ幬ڵķȥֻзʮǿߣΪ׵ĺȻͰ׺һߣһ񺣴ܡ
һǿδ֣ӦһĽĴ֮Уǧ󷨡
һսһ徫񾡳
Ͱ׵󣬽һˣһ£ĴݣƮݳ˫۾ͬһ㣬塣
ܴ½һţֻʮ˾ꡣ
ôһˣȻǰʮǿߣǲ˼飡
Ȼ˲һսǶλǰʮȴû̫˻ɣûʵսһǿǾ
컯ԶԶ̾Ȼܴ½һţʮͷĹ䣬Ϳսһˣη
ʮͷ컯ߣѩһ˿֮ɫΪ˾磬ѾѸ⣬˾ͽ£ϰ䳬һӣ˵ʮŮҲΪ
ѩ֮ǰҲֻ֪ᣬᵽʲô̶ȴö֪ģԲʮ컯һ˵ĹֻǶʮͷܲԾ
׼ȷ˵ڶʮһ굽ʮ֮䣡಻ʮ塣ѩӲ֪컯ο͵ģȻ˵ˣȻ
ʮͣ˵ʵһ۷ΪѾƿžˣѩӱˣڶʮҲֻǿͻѣ
ɣһ󾳽磡
ѩھɲʱҲˣһҾ޴ĺɫۣ˶УΧ󷨣һи֪û֪˵ж٣ʲôˡ
صƣѹ
δ֮ͣʱһϴ̶ĹЦдСĩյˣһս֮һὫܻȥúõĳ裡
ʮֶ񶾵˿˼Ͱ׵Ҳڳһͷɿݳµ֮߳⣬Ļ˾ͽϣޣ


846 ɱ
˾ͽһ֣һ˫ͺӥһ۾ĿϬ罣һ߱Ŷñ
̹ȻԣϵϹĻ֡
СҪúϧʣµʱ䣬˵սϷһϷ㵽֪ʲôܣ
һǿԳݣֶ񶾵ŵ˵˾ͽԪԸƧŹ֣Щ
˾ͽ϶񶾵Ͱ΢΢ü׼䣬ȴЦˣ˵ϲģҲһսͶӰôܹ˭׷ɱȴ׷ɱҲֻܹԼܣ߳ŭҪҳ裬ҵţЩͽͽû£
һȫԾ
ʲô˾ͽϱһսͶӰ
ļٵģһսӦ÷һ֮ǰʱ߰ǰɣ
ֻ֪֮г𣬵Ǿ޵ϸʲôȴ֪Ĳ̫ħʹͱ֮Լ˾ͽϱսͶӰЩ˵Ȼ⴫ˡ
ϸпܣսȻ˾ͽϵĶ֣սԾ˾ͽܱȵù̬
ǰһؾͰս飬ڵʱҲͭɻͭԲɣս黯Σնһޣ
˺ܿ췴Ӧ˵ʮа˾ġ
Ȼ˾ͽϵɫҲӡ֤һ㣬ڽҿ˰̣˫ĿѪѾڱߵıԵ
ãСҵ֮һĥһǧ꣡˾ͽ̺űɱǿ¶ɱֲԲ֮ڣȫ
ȴϳЦݣһǧꣿȻҽϲģ㲻ľΪԼϲɣ㶼һֻײĵˣʵһ㣬Ҹĥܻôô
ΧĻľüһĻ˾ͽϸ񶾣һһϲģרŴ˾ͽϵ˿ڣ˶Դһ񺣴ܣǵ죡ΪԼӮôһ˾ͽϣ³֪
ʵνѾ˺Ƥһŭ˾ͽϡ
˾ͽɫѾ࣬Ϊ֮ˣ޵ľǱʣԪʹִ
Ŀɱˣһˡ
Сһ֪ʲôʳһ֪ĵ̣һսӮĿܣ˾ͽϵΪȵķŭòйעԪ͸Լǿġһؼ죬˶Ĥۣ߶鲻Խס˶䣬ȴ·ħһҪǵ֮
壬ʱˣ
˾ͽۿԼԸŹֱѾбߵƣѵһʲôٶ˾ˡ
ֻ컯˶ڳ£Ҳ޷ˣһڹ֮޹ˣҲҪ˵
ٺ٣԰ʱˣϷȲˣ˾ͽ촽׹⡣
ҪСӲʲôʱҹ
˾ͽһȣһüݣòħһӴзɳһֲ棬Ƥڹ۾ͭ壬ô񻰴˵еĶ
ҹһЦ˿ŵĽСӣһֲ棬ڳ࣬ðѪ࡭һζ
΢΢ɻĶǰĶ
ҹ
ΪһʼĻħʹһǿߣӵ̫࣬ΪսһһһսڱصãҲôǰٵĸҪ֪ЩֻҪڰʮ£ٺúһôһ˿ܳɾ񺣡
ҲüӦ³սԭ֮һ
û뵽һһδ˵ҹԷΪѾ۷壬ֻ벽ɣټƣǰ٣ҵ
ûд˵ļأʵôǵʵж٣ΪӮⳡս޼ɵô
ʣʱһ˿ͬѰ֮ǰҹȻ֮ʢȴ·͸֧Ǳֻعⷵյζҹ˶õģ
ô
ɣʱͰ׵ԪСֵܣһû´Ļһħͳɱ¾ܣһսΣˣ
ţܣüͷ΢壬һսսߣνġߡʶˣܣʬˣĿܣĶˡ
һ񺣴ܳԼĿܶԸĻǿҲᱻ
Υ򣿡
ǡûΥ򡣡ͰЩɬҡͷ⡮ҹǸ࣬꣬ʶֻҲΪԪҲΪˣ֮ǽ֮ˣħһǾǸ콫֮˵壬ǵǱٲһⷽ䶳ӡȵҪսʱ򣬱㿪ӡͶսЩһӡ֮Ҳֻһ£Ϊ֪Ҫս˺ټЩ˿ܱūӡޱȣƴ
Ҳ˵Ķֺܿһǧǰ͸ˣ
طһħطΪаħ߻ħһЩطװŪ˲˹ȷʵǿ
طҲƣһǲޱ棬ౣǧ꣬پǡϡΪԽߣͶԴԽʧҲԽߣǿϼܳɹЩսҲԪʯģΪһսѪˣ
СֵܣǧҪСģЩΪѾ˶ã֮ǰԺ޹˼ɵҩҺ͸ϡн٣ټǿ޼ɵ͸֧Ǳ۷ǳǿʮѲ
ԭˣˡһָƽ
ӵܣܶʥءŶжţĵ̣óԸ˿⣬ҲΪִ֮õĴ̣ʱ֣ʤȴ޼
ٺ٣һսڱصð
Ȼⲻغ⣬Ҳغħ۴еĹپǣҲɱ˵
̣Թ⣬Щɱ¾ܺηǿױһҪķѴԪǳսŲ˾ͽɲˣ
ţһӣϾᣬߵˣγ嶯һʧܣ̫ˡ


847 һǹ
ɱ¾ܵǿ󲻵Ǻηǿָ첻ǵʹǿʱȼԴø־õ
ĳ˵Ǿ֪ʹ֪ƣʬɷʵǸߣҪɱǣҲҪĴˡ
ҹǸСú棡
˾ͽЦţûָһҹܽһЩһ㹻ˡ
ɱ¾ܣǵʱǸȥУֻӲӲӲӲ³֪
ҹȻ˵ǿܣԼǣһĿĿײ̰֮ɫ
괦ڷӡ֮УͲǺˣʵжǿֻ֪ԼĶ֣Ȼ˾ͽϸǳԷһΪôۡ
ٺ٣СӣǹùһΪɱ˺̫ˣ֪жֵǮֻҪɵ㣬һľʹ㹻ҵ֮ٻٶ꣡
Щɱ¾ѾľҲҲ㹻֣ٻ൱ڷȻһݼջ
ҹкɫꪣվ̨֮ϣ̨ɲʯͷɵģһǧɸߵɽ壬ͨӲȥ˴أƽ絶еĸӳ󷨡
ǧɸߵɽ壬Բ࣬վϼ˿Եӵ

һͭӱ죬ɢﲻ
սʼ
ֳֺɫǹȻһ̤ʯ飬ڽʧȥ˾룬а֮ȫԪתͻɵĽ޺ȫϸˣԪ˿ĵڣȫƵһ£ʱͬһĻɽ
һɣʱǿҲǷŷӣֺĸоһԣڣеֻбɱʱܲ׾ҪѸײڶ֮Ӯս
׷磡
аӺХǹ֮ϱŷϽɫĵ绡һͬɫһ˲ᴩʮգڳǹ֮⣬ȻһĨɫӰǱǰս飬һսͻưʵ壡
ţ
ҹͫĸʵλ٣ħطϧ۵λһ߰ʮ˸Ȼʽ㹻ı֮ǰţһӵɽ߹ĸ֣϶һԼĸССëӵӦ˾ͽϵĸ룬ҲΪܹӮԼ
ڣۼһǹƣʱоΣ
ԷһΪľ֣
ħꪣ
ҹһȥŷһǹһͦеꪣȫԪעУĶԹ
ɭɭϣʱħӰһޱȣ˶ɣ
𣡡
еĶħ۳һĶħؿһҧ
ֻصһֻҪһǹ£ɱҹҲҪԷУ
ԾԵٶȺͿռ⾳ȻҹҹʽѾǻΪʽײըನ˼ٵĶײ֮£ħ֮ҲҪܵ΢ˡ
ǿһ˵ȻӰս΢˻ȴΣգҪ֪ɳǿ߲֪ж٣ǿĵ˻ںأ
Ҫĸֽ֮ǰ״̬
ɱ¾ռݵľƣܹӲƴܣҹǳ׼һ㣬ʵʱУ
һУľͻ࣬Ԫҡ
Сҿô죡
˾ͽͺӥһ۾Ũҵɱ⣬ײкͿ֮ɫ
һоߴߴ磬Զƾ߳ҹܶΣҪС£˻ܴҪҹѣ
ΪҪеʱʱһ˿ϵľâȫⱩ˫ŷȴһ˵񹭣
İŶݼ׵ڶŶžڼǣܱЭƽٶȺľţŵĸʮֲۣǴʱŵʹļǱױȵ
ʹﵽԶŵǽӽһʮ
һʮΪУȻеĳǹ˸ųĿ׹ֶͬΪȥһֻŹ֮Хźգ
һĻĿɿڴ
ֹУٻͶΪԪϵ߶ԾԪ
Ԫ壬ԵֻаУԴԴϵĽԪעУӳǿνƷӣǿνķ̶ȣǿӲ̶ȺͶԪ̶ȡ
һ֣ô㱦ƷٸߣܹעԪ޵ģұʱ̵ֻ֮ͨĹԣԵ˰ٷְٵĳУж
ˣ֮󣬹켣һܣټ϶һΣյ飬ûбߣʽʧȥ˷ƥĴ͸ս񽵴롣
˵һʮ޴Ϊ
ಣ
ǹƿգ˿µ֮һҹĶħӰצ޴Ĺצ͵ĳǹ
˫ֵıͬ޸Ƽ̺ޣʵǿңҲסҵȫ
꣡
צصĻںɫǹ֮ϣȻĿɿڴһĻˣҹĹצӰֱӱǹ˸飡һʮľʯӸ߿׹ֲעһĳǹУǻᱶ
ǹȥƲֱħӰţ
ôǿʯ֮䣬ҹϸ룬˫ִħӰſһںϵ糤ǹܸʴԪǹ̺Ͼޣʴһһ㣬վߡ
ȻʱâȻ֣һ̣ħӰֱӶս֮ðǹͬʱȻйע˰ս飡
ߵӣЩ˵йעϵԪĹʲôˣ

ħӰ飬ҹ˫ĿѪ죬ģսȻ˾ͽŸ룬ʶʱ򣬲֪Ŀֲڣ
˫Ҫ㿪ɫǹĹȻһɲǣҹоԼĶ·Ȼֻһ˿ǺɫǹٶȺ֮죬գۼ̵ҹǰ
ۣ
Ԫֽͬһ飬Яһʮĳǹҹؿڣع߹ȫ飬ϡã
ǹƲɵһѪ괩һ̣ҹ·һֻеСӣֱӱǿĵ˳ȥڵһɳ֮Զڵֵɳʮɵľ룬ͬһڵϣؿһСͰСͨ͸˿ڣ弸أ
ǹȥƲ˲ᴩ˰ľ룬жһһԶɽ֮УһǹᴩɽһֱĴ󶴣
ۣ
ʯ۴ɽЩʯ۾糾һ㣬һնɵһƬ


848 嶾
յʯ۳ڳ߷׷׵ɴ˫ۣ˵ˡ
һ˳ǹǶҹʽֹᴩҹ壬һǹᴩɽʯɳ̬
Ҫֻ֪ȥıԪޣ
ٿϵҹ徭ħطƺͲϧ۵ĸ죬ųܹƷȴҲķѣǱʬˡ
ҹͻȻܶΪԵ͵߻ûӦս˽գ۵ʱ䣬ԭʵ٣Ϊħط죬ȫвһ߰ʮֵҹͱһǹɱˣһǱȥĳǹɱ
̣һ˿½ǶûбֻһЩԪ̫ˡ
˳Ծ˵İս顭ĻҪǿڱ¥֮ϣѩӸпҲĽ
Сѩ㲻ǧԪ֮־Ļϣﵽġѩһԣ컯Це˵
ǰ˵Цˣ񺣾ս飬ⷽʵû츳ܴﵽͭСɱ֪㣬ͭǽеĽңͭԲ˵еİɲءѩЦ˵⻰ȻЩǫĳɷ֣Ҳ̫ˣɼս֮ѡ
ҪԷƱСһȷʵţǰս飬⾳ҲԾղһǹ֮⣬ҹΪ̺һ˿ʱ⾳ֵĳǹϹעʱ⾳ʮѵã
֣׶˶࣬ΪԤй켣ܣ⾳עҲ裬ղһǹֻҹΧʱһ˿Ҳ㹻ɱҹˣȥǹʵ̫ˡ
ѩӺԵ컯ҵ̾͸Ȥɫһ컯ĪǶ˱ӻͽ˼ɣ˵Ļ͸û취ˣ
Ҫ֪컯˵ʵĳκһǿߣȻΪϹŴ컯˲ӲĻ˾ųɵǿ컯ӶӲģ
ѩӳ壬ǳһĴµһ˵ܻӰ쵽ܴ½ԭȶĸ֣棬Ȼ컯Ըӻͨ컯˵ĹϵĻǾ͸òˡ

ѩӶС˼ʱ˾ͽȴɫˮҹһǧǰԶָģܵú½Ƕûմ
裬ȴһܴ죡
˾ͽҲüͷ壬Ϊ˱֤ٷְٵʤѾóսĥһüƸɱ¾ֶܳԸȴһǹɱû̫ӣһûˡ
ÿһɱ¾ܶĲƸǵҲܲġ
ԴƻɱҹҪЧȻҲ޵ĳսҪ飬ҪЩ飡
鵽ĥ
ôܣȥĳǹȻô˾ͽҧгݵ˵ǹڰսϣûпء
ս֪ԺСͻ֮սɳʲô̶ȣСã
˾ͽҲһ԰ǻ
ʱ˾ͽǰ˵£ȥһսɣһɱ¾ܸĶ֣Ҳֲʵֶ۷״̬µһսʤбʤΪҽ߾»¶׼
֮ǰ˾ͽµ֮УսĹ̿һһ˵üΪţҲʮּɣͬʱϼڱֳʵ㶼вȻҲµûȫŵսʮڴŶǸ߰ģ˾ͽ²óսıֶȡʤ˵һ衣
˾ͽµĻ˾ͽȴüͷһ壬Щ˵£㼸Ѿ»ǽʼ̳ˣһһжϵδҲֻԼΪ㣬ĵԴѵҪΪνƽһսͶδԼ֪һսǻḶʲôۣ
˾ͽ˵ȻθߣȻҲΪӮ˾ͽ£Сʻ괬˾ͽս䣬Ǿ޷ܵľ޴ʧ
ʮǿߣʵϣ̶ϾһĲǿߵǿǸ˵ʵ
ұ;ŶΪʲôѹһͷǾΪұһ棬Ŷһ̫ʣǶǽӽµһ˵Ĵڣ
˾ͽȻһֱµһ˾ͽ£ȴûָܳΪµһˣЩʵʣԵǽӽµһ˵ĴڣôһЩϣﵽģʱҲܸһλ漣֮лøԴ䡣
˾ͽµͨ񺣴ܶҪοⳡȴɱĴۣҲԳܡ
ǣ£֪ˡ
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ɱ¾ܣǧñһʱҲᱬսһսĴۣһЩʲô
˾ͽҧгݵ˵ʨӲȫһսѾÿܣùʦȷһʧ
ߣȻûˣǸղôǿĹҲĳ似ȻļøǿĿܣҿСܳŵʱ
һǹóѰ˾ͽزŲһǹʱޱȣȻѾѪˣ˾ͽؾ;ùģҪ
嶾֣
˾ͽ
ǣΪ嶾һɫƣϱ鲼˰ߵĸߣ޵ɾߣʵ˰ߣ嶾֮Щߵ㶼ǶµģһĶҩޡ
̨֮ϣǹѾһִȡأɫǹӲȿԴﵽƷˮ׼ȫõ١
һʱ䣬Ѿţ֮ǰĵԪȫٴδﵽ۷״̬ϾԭĵͲࡣ
嶾վԶľǷ˵ĻҰж־ֻлƶСǶ˵ֻһ̾͵ˡ
һҲʱ䣬嶾һ㷴ӦأȻڼɵ֮ǰȥĹ쳤ǹֻҪһǹУ嶾ΪԼûлĿܡ
ΧһԪػ嶾Ϣóɫ죬ҪöͨöͬʱǸʦ߽ϣܷӳǿս֮Уɹء
嶾СĵĶЦˣΪͰȫô


849 һ֮

嶾󼫿죬תۼ䣬ΧͷһƬɫŨ֣ȫֱ嶾µķ󷨣ԴȾԪԣ߳У³ԪֻҪմһ㣬ᱻش֮УӶˡ
ƺ
һǰе嶾ܿͲ˵ڶ󷨣ڶ֣ܣ˿˵ѾǱ֮ˣ㣬ܸ
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䣬˫ĿȻŷһƺ⣬һľһţ˲Ƶ˶֮У嶾֮ǰµ󷨸û谭һһ
Կռ⾳⣬֮ûռ䷨򣬸Ч
ͣ
ɫǹйעɫ׼Ʒľŷ̫һĹԡ
׷磡
һǹӳ磬嶾κηӦĿռ䡣
һ˲䣬еһжɫ׳ˣ嶾һӳһ̣ڿмתۿҪըȻٶ̫ˣŤռһ˲Ϣ
һǹ嶾壬˸յĽڡ
ʱ嶾׵ԱֶѪҺɢ䣡
ͫ΢ˡ
䣡
嶾˴һըˣֲľ綾俪󷨼ӳֺĶɽʴһ
Ѿ˵￪⣬ĻԪҵţǻԪ붾ؼײ
ùĶأȻȾԪ
ޱ飬ս鼤־֮նȥ˲նص
սԱǿԸκϣͬʱɱһУʵꡢħȵȡ
һл嶾ûгڳߵϡ
һɱ
Ҳزˣ֪ûд󰭡
ʲôⶼûС
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ħΪ죬еʱжûκ⣬һʱ䶾زŻᷢ߻ΪŧѪ
ȻΧ߿ʵڻ䵽ֵزܵ΢Ӱ컹ǿܵģǳսκӰ춼ۻ
С嶾ԱҲû˵
ߣΣÿһսֵܻܼʱ׹ֻ֣Ҫ˵Ϊļū
ǧսķЩͼսȨЩеĶǿߣͻᱻūӡͬʱƳɱ¾ܡ
׹֮һԭļҲƷ壬ǼĿɽ޹ǳУɽ׹ļҲܵǣ
׹ĿߴһǼף·֮Ƭײ졣
Ϊʹط죬ūӡ׹˫Ŀ񣬵Ƕ˾ͽϵĳŵȴһڤڤ֮еִļ䡣
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׹ҧֻ͵¾ðĹǴ̣һǴһ˹
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䣡
һײ׹ǰĹ飬һ̣ɫǹأص˰׹ĺ֮ϣ
׹ķǼǴһ飬׵ѣһ̯һ˺ѣһԴɳ֮⣬صʯ֮У鱬顣
Ӱڰ֮⣬ִܵ΢УֹƬļӲ̶ȳ
Ѿǵ˾ͽ˫Ŀ㣬ҪϧһдۣսеףѪħϣ
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һͨĶħ̨Щϰħֲǹˡ
ȻǺ̬ĵˣһԵʵ಻ԽѪħƴܾ˵ʽҪʱ򣬺ɫǹЯŰս͹ɳһ̴˳Ѫħ壡
Ѫħ屬ըѪ꣬ǹصĶ̨ĵϣը˼ʮĴӣ̨иŵ󷨱˺һ飬ҡҡ׹
Ѫħҹһ
峡
˾ͽѾɱۣɳһ֣ϧһдۡ
䣡
ξֱӱս˺ѣֻಡһǹɳҪֵȻǹйעĿռ⾳ʱ⾳ԭԤķй켣ǧ
ӲıܿҪȻɱһǹ˺С塣
ˣȻһԽռ䣬˲ǰһȭҳȭ

ͻĹѾ˺С޷ܣֱӱһѪ
̤֮󣬻ϸƵʵһ֮˿һ󾳽磬һȭҳʮɸߵľʯȫɳ
峡ʤ
Ϊֹûһ֮У
ع֣

߳ħ

ڰ˳ɻ

ھųëʬ

ʼһδ죬Ϊսе̫죬һɽȼصһֱ졣
ػأ೤ص֮䣬һһεǵ顣
һɱЩħܵʽô죬Ϣ֮ڽս
ڼ䣬ҲɱЩǿ߷ײյĳײȻ˵ܻһЩԪңϢȣһ··֪ƣٴ˿Ϊ̵֡
ʮһʮʮʮ˳
̨ϵѾԣʱͬһǿ壬ҵĹһеˣȫ˺ãȫɨһ֮У
Χ߿ĶľսЩϵ߿ɲǴײˣ۷壬ɵǿߣǧǰǧǰԼʱʱ򣬶λЩܿŵǰ٣
ˣ񿳹вһɱȥֻǼУǾЩʽܶ㣡
ЩʽÿһжעǿıȻˣһ߾ʵǿĹʮҲЩ̣òЩҩֻٺõҩԪҲԪϸ΢ͻᵼս
һҩûв䣬ӣƺûаϢҵӣ⻹
ڶʮ
䣡
ħɱ¾ܱһǹɨԴԽתۼ䱻֮սħߵͷʬȻء
̨֮Ҳ֪Լɱ¾ˣˣѾûиϳˣҲô͵ġ
ʵϣɱ¾ܶˣɱʮ֮ѾһĹһԣۻɱγεֻǿ͸ܵһ˵ѹԺ
˾ͽ춼Щ飬ϳÿһɱ¾ܣɶԪʯġ
Щɱ¾ɳȥܲ
̨Ϣ˿ҵ˾ͽûףĿһתתһͯϣʦһϡ
ͯһʱ亹乡


850 
£ҡͯӵʵʮϳЩɱ¾ǿ࣬ӭսûӡ
ɵӶΪֹûȫȥùУѾԣͯ˿ΪԼаʤ㣬սһ䣬ͯӿɲָ󷢴ȱķŹԼڡ
˵̨͵ɱ
ô㲻ս˾ͽüͷһ壬һɱɢ
ҡͯһڿˮͨһ˵ϣǳ²սǳ¸Ƕְ¿Ź£´ΪЧȮ֮͡
˾ͽЦһߣھЧȮ֮͵ʱѵˣⳡս˭ģ
˾ͽһ˵ͯϲ԰ûаѪɫսΪ˸һѹսΪͯӽԼʵľƣԴСȥսʮвԼ䡣
ܶսֻҪԼͻɣһ˱սɸ֣ĳ˵һսᷢȷʵͯôһϵڴ˼ѣʧô˾ͽǨŭҲ
ͯӶͷߺڵĳӶˣԼôôӿڳȻˡ
˵ӦһսĻ˾ͽ챾ˣȴûӣ˵Ļܵͱ˾ͽһƻС
Ǻͯȫ亹˾ͽĴ˾ͽҲ΢΢ʪʮĸһսҲӮĿܣҲ׶༪٣һĴսǿߵ飬Ҳˡ
ԣͻ֮󣬲Ҫ˳֣˾ͽһ˾Ϳʰ
֮ǰ˵Ļһͷײĳ嶯
ͯʧܵĻֵɣ
սǲս˾ͽ춢źͯӣ˵ͯһˣѾһǧ꣬ͻ񺣵ĿԽ㣬Ҳˣʧ̫
ҡս
ͯҧ˵ֱӱ˾ͽ촦ǲս˵һ
ս֮ԼļٻõıӻҪǱ˾ͽ촦Ǿǰˡ
ͯһɳۡ
㡭¶һ˿ζЦݣͯģ޹ʦνԨԴԼ׷ɱǧɫһĽĴս
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һ̣оԼǷ·ҪˣҲҿħ֮󲿷ټ϶ŴǣӲ忸һδˡ

һ֣˾ͽΪ֮ǰϼ˺ɫ㻺ղһֻǱҲһߵǣǿҲҪˣ
ȻЦδü¶ѾǣĿǰĻ籩֮Уһɫǹâ̳ɫսֱ֮ؿڣ
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˾ͽµĻԪֵֻܹһɺѪ쭳˾ͽһ˺ѣѪģ
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֮ϣһʷƾʥؼ񺣴ĬĬ˵ɫ粻


860 Ѫ
ν顢顢ˮ֮ʵʣֻĳЩ⾳ĳһмߵ츳ᱻƺʣ𲢲
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ڳῡ̲סп츳Ե죬嶼ˣòͬʱŻˣ

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ߣ԰ɣУ˾ͽ˵һѪꪳޱȣ˾ͽ±ԹעȫԪӶûжԪʹ似ˣҲûϵһ򷨣Ѫֻһꪻӳǿ似
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һǹӭϣڳ߶ǵɴ˫ۣ񺣴ҲȻһӲѪꪣ

ǹཻʯӵľ촩ʯ˫Դ裬µĺɫʯ˲촷ۣ޴ĳҽ֮ϯȥγһȦʮɸߵҽХХֱʣ
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ÿһײеĺɫǹҵıΣ£乭һ˫ֱֲ̺ɫǹһһһʽɽ

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Ͱ׵ڵʣ˾ͽĿ¶ɱȷʵ׼Ըɱƴ伫Էסµ͵ڶסʺôܴӦ
컯ûй飬ĿͶ˾ͽ죬ʣ˼أ
˾ͽԭ۾ŷ˵Ĺâһ̣˾ͽεɢȫ߶Ǻһͣ·ǰһͷ̫޴ӳ˯ѣ
˾ͽһֱصúǧǰ˾ͽʮʱɵΪɾ񺣣˾ͽΨһǷȱľϼѾδ֣ǿеĵһˣھŶ̫ʺʹұ棬ǿǹʣʵΣ֪
⡭ѵ˾ͽҪ֣
Ҫʲô£ѵҪս컯˺ѩӣܰɣ
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˾ͽǿ컯˵ϸٹ̣һ˰ǧľǿߣӽµһ˵Ĵڣһɵߵһǧ²֪ɱ˶ˣ˶վȻüĿ˭ֲ֪һʱǺʵ
Ȼȫû뵽ǣǵĲӦˣ
˾ͽ̤ǰһĿƵĿ컯ˣ컯ǰ˵ѧ磬ʵĵһֱʵȻһǧȻϱ򣬵ȴʼȴڵ񺣺ڵƿ޷ͻƣҼǰǰָУһЩĻԵΣ
˾ͽﲻݣȻֳֽս޶֮ڣȻı䲻ս컯˵ʵ
˾ͽ̫˰ɣ
ˣ˾ͽҪս컯ˣ
С֣˾ͽֻܴ޶УδسŲ
˷׷֮ʱͻȻ֪˭˵һ䣬˵컯˵Ԫǿ쵽յ˰ɡ
仰ڳ߶ʱһ
ǵģ񺣺ǿߣų꣬ʵҲǰ˾ǧ꣬Ϊԭ򣬱˻͸֧̽ؾʱȵȣ񺣺ǿܻǧꡣ
˵ʱµĶ֣һ;Ȼ֪ѧ磬ûһ׿ԽƵһͷҲҪʱһĶȥϣ֮ݽ߶
컯Ѿٽյ㣬յ˵ӦѾʣˡ
˾ͽ죬ǧ꣬ǿ׳֮ʱսﵽ壡
սȻ˾ͽĲ̫ӮδûԱ֮οֻжѣ
˾ͽֻҪܹ֤ƽ֣ķˣ
ʱ컯ҲƱز˼ˣ컯˽ܹ棬ƾӽµһ˵ʵݣս˾ͽ죬вռϷ磬ʲôָֻţ
컯ѩӸȻҲûɳˣ˾ͽǿ׼һ㣬Բ֮Լ


866 
ԭƶѾǳ⣬˾ͽУǷ·ת˱
һսƽճ˾ͽ첻һս£˾ͽµҲԽ
л˾ͽ죬ҲҪռݶԾƣԷڣ컯ܰ쵽𣿡
˻ǧ꣬۷ʱ컯˿϶û⣬ڡҿе
˾ͽ̫ƻˣֻ޶У컯ҲĲˣϾǰ
˵컯˻ѡܶսһѾٳֵĽھܴ˾ͽ죬Ȼܱȫ棬Ҳʾˣûٲ֮¡
˵Ŀ⣬컯ϣͰ׵һ߶ɫţǴʱҲһͷѾ˰ǧ꣬ȥֲϣеζô
Ծѹ˾ͽ죬Ժеã
컯һƮֳľȣüĿɹŴƴݵ΢ЦȻЦУЩĪζһ̾ˡǲа
һ仰˵˲֪ǫǴȴ˾ͽüһ컯ǰָ㱾ˣ
컯Ű׺ӣЦ̸ָϣڳĺ֮껹л󱲹УһвԭԭĴײҲһ¡
Χ컯ô˵ʱмҪ
λվܴ½ǿ߶Ծս˵ǧ겻
ǱսΪĻԵּĴڸύ֣һƴԴ˼֮Ǿ͵òʧˡ
˾ͽ۾΢΢𣬴ʱһľ̺ſֲһȻ춯أ
컯˷ľվ˾ͽǰ˾ͽıƣһͨˣû˿ر֮
컯ǰȥɡʱ˾ͽսⲪû˿С컯˵˼һսȫԸ
䣡
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컯˾̤ţ
˷ɵǧɸ߿գΧڸԳϵָԶԶıܿˣʮﷶΧ֮ڵˣĪǸĴ
񺣴ܵĽ֡һгڴΪֹǿߵĹС
һԣͰЩǣһսĽΣ컯Ŀ֮ѹ˾ͽ
컯ǰ׼ô
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ˣţͬһս컯΢Ц˵
˾ͽ²ţԼһĶҲû̫⣬Լһս쾭塣
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˾ͽЩ躹ޣвɱﵣѾǷ컯ˣѹ컯˵ġ
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ħľȻҲ׼ʥ𣬵ǷԱֵȫڹԵʥ
˾ͽʱͷڷһ̣ͬһӲ£
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ˡ
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ֲһ컯Ȼţ֮ϣƮ̬ݣƽٸݲϵ˫֣컯ǰһͬǹһλõ硣
䣡
˾ͽ췢Ŀֲصײ컯ˣȻȴھ컯Զʱƾն֮Уʧˣ·컯ǰһ޵ԨκУţ뺣޺ۼ
ʲô
Զսȫɵˣ˾ͽĹôƾʧˣ컯ţƮУȴɲĸо
Ҳ񾪺ָգ
ʱ컯վλãȻߣȻʵȴһ磬˾ͽ֮䣬һǵƾ죬Ҳᱻǵһδ֪ռ䣬޷˵컯һһ
ҪԿռѾ⵽̶ֳȣܾʹֶΣ
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һδ˾ͽȴ̬ݣ˿֮ɫ·һжԤ֮Уϲ񷣬컯ǰǺֶΣһѹôǵڶУ
˾ͽ˵ͻȻһХܷģһ̣·һͷ˾ͽѣȫǽڿʼžžı죬ⱩǣͰθߣϢʱ䣬徹ȻһɳȫӲʯĿ˫ĿѪ졣
ɱ֮˾ͽ죬ƶȻһѪֱ̣֮ʱһ·һħ䣬Ӳ
컯˸գ˾ͽҲ㹻ƣ
˾ͽıо㵣˾ͽ쾹Ȼ˾ħǡôģһ̣˾ͽڸܵŨľħѪѪ뵱ʱǬ¯ʱֳľħѪһޣ
Ǭ¯һžħѪһűħգڶħ⡣
ħ⣬⵽ô£˾ͽѵоħѪͳ
ԪʵԴɣħʱ뿪壬ϾǶҲã˾ͽսҲãΣգħûмľľ֮
ûУֻ˾ͽ첻֪ŪһЩԶžħѪֲԼڣԲŻѪĹŷ֮ѪɲԶˡ
Զžħʥħ½еľħͬѪ̺ǿȻޱûпɱˡ
˾ͽŪԶžħľѪŪֻǷ˵ͨѪҺ࣬Բ໹̫
ں˼ţȻΧ߷һ󾪺壡ħʥ壬һ壡
Ƕħʥ壿ǰû˵
ʳ֮ʱȷʵû壬ǿž츳ߵһڵ壬ǿԵõġ
̶һգʶ壬ټϼǿ۽ˣ
Щ˵ľٸпЦãνԭôģڳˣܷӳǿսı塣


867 ʱⷨ漣
ԭˣԶžħѪƺڹԶžħǧ˲ٻԵ컯˲Ϊ⣬ڵǧӡԶžħܣ˾ͽеõһЩԵ֡
ʵĻԵǰͲزˣε±ʵĵڶɣ˾ͽһ˿ϢӴ
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컯΢΢һЦЩдˣȻǲа
컯Ƶ˵̵Ĵţû˿ҵ˼ڳͻȻоЩԾţ컯˵ôˣ
ǵġˣû֮ǰôˡ
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û˿컯ںʱγ·õԭͲľȣһ㡣
ͻһĻĿɿڴ
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ڣ컯ս֮ͻȻϻͯȻ󹦷Ϊǿĸоʢ֮¯ƺƲ
⡭ôܣ˾ͽɫ䣬ԭոɱһȻֻǸܵ컯˵֮ȴ˲ɢ
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컯΢΢һЦڷǰûʲôܵģΥתʱ⣬ֻʱ䷨һ֣㲻ϸܻôãҲΪʱ䷨⣬ȻٵٹӲдǧ꣬ǲġ
ǧ꣡
컯˴һ˾ͽѪܷٻǧ궼δ֪ЦΪ֮컯ǿ󣬿ѹƶԷʣµûԷ
컯֮ôʣ˾ͽһͷײսϵĳ嶯㲻ϸӲд
Լûķܹ֮תʱ䣬ָ۷սֶΣ컯˿ȴ㲻ϸ
컯˱̶ֳ̬ȣһὫֱ̬ǧȴǹӲд
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컯˵һϯڳߵĶУĿ࣬ǿҵˡ
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ԹԣռʱƵۣȻƫģҲ˵⾳Ŀֲ
Ϊ⾳ַΪ٣УҲͣƤë棬Ծ
Ǳȿռ䷨ʱ䷨ԹĴ֮٣հףû뵽ʱ䷨컯չֳ˿ֲ
ֱ漣ʱ䷨лΪΰ⾳޷ﵽΪߵ̣ӳĵرҲվֻھûпǱˣ
ֶΣֻԭеһ;ڣʱ䷨ȴһ̶ϴﵽͬĹЧ
ǻܶܵۺ죬ϧûⷽ츳ۺҲûã
ţ֮У컯Ѿ߾е˾ͽɫأһ԰֮ɫ۷ʱ컯ˣе˿ֲѹĵˣҲʤŶ̫ʣ
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԰գеȻն
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һӲ£ɥ
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һɽ壬𾪵˵ˣ˾ͽҽȥȽײжֲ


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ѵŶ̫ʣұҲʵǽӽµһǿߵʵ
ڳ߲׷ðͷݴǧǰ컯Ŷ̫һսָ£ȻֻǴţѨ磬δ򣬻ܷӳһЩ⣬컯˺;Ŷ̫Ӧòָ¡
ǧȥˣ컯˱ȾŶ̫ʸӲϣ˵ʵӦھŶ̫ʣôֽ
¡컯ǧͻưɣŶ̫ʺʹұʵûٽһĻѾ컯˵ĶˡĬĬ˵
ʵһԽܵĽͣճ׳ɳʱڣʱ֮ΪʢԽƳߣʱھԽߵʱΪ֮ǰûߣ񺣲ϣ˰ֻ꣬ܿͻԵˡ
һ׳꣬Ϊͷǳˣʱսʱ˾ͽ죬սﵽ壬ֻΪȴٽһǾŶ̫һ
꣬Ǿսʲôˣ񺣴ܣ־귽Щ΢ͻƣһ겻һ꣬ô˴Ľ
컯ϣܣʱ䷨ܹѰӳĹӳǧɣ
ŵǣʱ䷨쵽֮ʱͻƵĳ̶ȡ
ôֻֿܣһ컯һǸ޷Ե
һǣ컯һʼгŶ̫ʵʵֻ
ڶֿԲǺܴ컯ЩȻƫǧǰҲһûӵнµһʵȴһֱصڣǸûһġ
һһֿԸ컯˵״ѰĻԵ漣֮ô
뵽ȻĶֻԵԼõΣ
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ݴԶžħǲ֮֫ħѪţֻ˿ҪĲԪս־Զˡ
˾ͽ쿴컯ˣǾɫȻиǿĵУҲƱص컯˸ղһ
컯˱ȵĵȻ಻СڵϣܵУŶ̫ʺʹұѾĶˣϼһʲôԵ
컯һɢܹʱͻƣοԷʩչʱ䷨Ѿܴ½֪Χ컯˾ʱշϵٸߣҲƾսһֱڿհ׵Ĵɵֵزɣ
˾ͽĿ컯һۣſҧ䣡
һ꣬ǷĶעһһ֮˳͵Ѫꪺħľѡһ
˾ͽ˵ȻʱȻǴھħ״̬һ񾪼¡
Ҫʲô
΢΢ԥĿڵѪꪣ
ħľȻˣΪõķǽеǹֻԶŻ˳ǷʽȻãͲ˵㡣
дѪ֣Ȼôáꪾƾ룬ټעͬʱעս飬ôѪˣ֪
˴ѪꪣսܹһأħľԼǿ߻ĥԼ޷⡣
ãԸ㲻˾ͽһĶڳ鴤Ҳֻһʥʣµֻ׼ʥѡ
˵ƾѪ꪿˾ͽȴûָӲһδսʤͬ䶥ţԼžվѲ֮ģǳơ
δܳɳΪħʼ۵Ҫƾħʼ۵һսꪾͿϣã
ˡ
ѪꪷһʯгɵУһʱ䣬ʱоԼз·һɽ˫ֱ˵£ðŶݼ׵ò
߰ʮһ߱עԪܴ߶ҹƾҲɡ
ʹֹס³ƣֳִѪƯһꪹȻʢ
лǰ
ȭ컯˵ݶġ
컯΢΢һЦ֪ʲôʱѾٶȻָǲϵӣȻɷǣȴЩζڣûΪǷ꣬ղŷһĻ̫ˡ
СѲؿǧգʱ̸
̸
ʣڳ߶Щ㶣컯Ҫ̸֮ʲô
컯ǰҪͽ
ѩԪ컯ԩ޳ȫû˾ͽ죬Ϊȴȫֻ˾ͽ죬˵£ȫûҪΪ컯˱һҰףûʵѾ˾Ŷ̫ʵˣҪ£
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Сѩ˵СѲ̵ܽ˵ģͽܵİʦܲġ
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ˣ˾ͽ£һڶʱһǿ˾ͽµİΣ˾ͽɲ˾ͽأ˵׼ʲôӡ
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ڼ䣬ѩӵǿԵţͰ׶Ҫӭӡ
ЩİݷãҲΪ񣬴ĵرƷҩܵļİԪʯˣһ˾˰ʮԪʯĺ񣬼֮ǰ񵤣һԪʯࡣ
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869 
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֮󣬵һҳһɰд֡
ѾΪʹճķˡٶһԾһֽȣ˵
ֽŵı棬úڱдۡ
ܴ½ʮһţ츳ħʼ׻ʣȵй֮޲һ۷Ϊɾ֮µһˡ
һҲϣ֪ҵ츳ħʼۡ׻ʺ͵ˣϸ΢ôʲƺȱǰ˸֪Ҳֻй֮޲δʡ
ֻɣɣں⣬գ츳ȴ׻ʣں׻ڴõֻеɱ߽ںϳħ⡣
ħ⣬ֱɱ񺣣
ϧڵʵȥʥħ½ǲУѪɱԭԭɱ֮𣬹֮·϶ע⡣
һ񴫵ǧ̱֮Ϊ֪ԽԽˣȥμᣬ߶ӰһĸţԱİȫ
ᣬĶǻӼʥصĴˣҲĹӡӡ
ÿһһǿߵӰӣûʸμᡣ
֣Ϊɵһˣһɱɵһˣ֮µһˣ
̫Сˣҿ񺣣־ѾҪӽµһ˵ʵˣ
֮УǺʵǣЩģҲ֣ʼǧӵ̫ˣʱǶǲˡ
֣ɰĺÿడһ˾žƱЦԪ˵ݷ磬ɣľ߱ըķ飬ݷҲ㿴òĿ࣬ߵСѾߣŵ¼Ȼ֪츳ˣҲû뵽ﵽ̶ֳȡ
ֱӱչأһֱȴûлֱŽõ˼Ļᡣ
֣ҵ֣뱣ܡݷ磬¶ԷûпԼòսõʽʹҲܲ³ˡ
֮ʱѾħžмҾ͵ˣҲûȫġ
ȻҾ˵ݷظ֤ûгɣûаô
ҡҲ˭˵ݷСѾʱ˵ˣȻнţҲûаֵŵϢԭƲܴ½ĵطⱾ֮УټҲԺգδΪݷңȻ۹⼫ߣδµһˣǾûаɱˡ
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Сֵܣ컯Ҫ뿪ǧˣ㡣Ͱ˵
Ŷá
컯˳ʵҲЩɻ󣬵Ȼ컯زȫ¶֪ϵʲôҲûʲôϵ
Сѣһˡ컯һֱסһ壬Ϊϱɴһһɷǵӡ
컯ǰģһݡ˵űҪȴ컯סˣСѵĴܲɱˡ
컯ʮֿЩܲˣԭԶԷı֡ݣԼһȻ
Сѣ֪ӦǶʱշЩȤм򣬵ǿԽ㿴һ£պ黹ɡ
컯ʮ˵һּܴ½հ׵Ĵмֵ֪컯˾ȻֱӽԼˣ
Ҫ֪һߡ嶼Ǳ䣬±ѧǵĴгԽԼ컯˸ԼֲʦͽϵѶ㲻ϣȫûɰʱշԼ
컯˲ʲôһӣöɵУСѣʱ䷨ʵô죬ȷʵܹ٣Ҳٻãʵһ㲻ٵķʽ
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컯ЦԸıʱ٣չ֮ʱʱٷʮ֮һôڱչصعһ꣬ͻʮ꣬չһζǼʮĹйȥĹʢǧ꣬ʵûô֮΢һЩҲطɵļĿĻΪ١
컯˵ԳһЦôͣǿ֮·̫ܣ̽վǱɽһǣʱⲻġΪ˻øãҳֶ̫ΣǲıʱٵļôطҲܵѣǿٵһˡ
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Ҳֻһ;վֻǹ
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Сѣдõ껪ʵĽͼʣúϧɣ̣ػף֮ʱ£ʱѽһ컯˵ﳤ̾һ΢΢ҡͷ
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̸ָϣЩҲģֻǲ޷̣ǣˡ
컯˵꣬ƮȻȥʧĵطһ
ڶգڼȴٲμˣ˵ύЩкôھԵʵ˵ֻ֮
Ҳһգս⸶ļֵǧԪʯĲЩյϣܼһǧİ
Ҫ֪ݷĻӣȫҲԪʯӣһԪʯ
ʮԪʯͣѾֵĶһǧİԪʯļֵ֪ͨʥض޷һó֡
׼ЩΪʱչؿŶݼ׵šţ
ǰŶݼǰзǳҪһţλ˫ȭԴǿߵĹ
Լﵽһٴʮӽʱ˾ӶѪꪣÿԷӳǿ
ϣһչ֮أ󷨣Ǭ¯еĵرľңӲӣ⻪죡
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ȻӰʵ̫󣬴ˣСѾչлôãдǧûϵǱûָһĴá
һ࣬ҪԽϣֻҪͨһתɣܴ½ϰףҪϣҲûַָֻܽʽһƵ̬ȡ
µʱ䣬ȻСͳĺȽСܲס࣬һǧԪʯٸСҲԪʯͰ˽ЩǶһǱ߼ĵرһһҩΪ֧ˡ
һ뵽ЩܼƼֵһǧ߰ԪʯҩͰױʮ⵽ʲôʰֱǸ޵׶ôԴ㹻һڵһ·񺣴ܣȻǰ㹻츳Ƿŵѵֻɣ
ͰײڿţֻΪǳɣͻһɵʱôԴٽһĵԴҲˡ
չصУǬ¯֮ȼգֶȥһҩƬ֮öҩڻɴɫҺΣԪŻ˳
һһðҺɣһһĲľ˳
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⣬ôһҩݣʺƵľ鵤Ϊ˶ĵĴľôľ񶼶ѳСɽˣвľеƷ

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ҪǳСģһͿҩΪɻҡ
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ҪǣԻϵ⾳ƿһģ֮ʹָҪĻ缸߾ǼߣҪֳɼɾǼɣһҩʦһ㡣
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˾ͽȻ߰ҲԴΪԼĳɾȼ磬֮裬ܲ
ľ׮һĳΪԼͷ컯ѹƣΪһǧԪʯĸ߶ۣһеһУ̹ġ
սʤֻһᣬǾ񺣣֮ʱ
컯˸ʱ䣬Ԥ֮ͻ񺣴ܿʱҲбȫʱ
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鵤Ƶ׶ΣҲؼĽ׶ΣеĲľ֮鶼ľƿУû۳ɵвأǾǰĽ֡
ڽһ֮ǰ˯ҹ㡢ԡϴ֣һʱ
ЩʽùҪͨЩʽԼľ״̬ѡ

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ƽ׶βҪƿǧҩĲľ̺ԣţǱľƿƾľһи֪Խӡһȡ֮ȴɢš
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һö鵤Ҳܱ֤߳ɵİա
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׾֮ħܴ½δ֪֮УԱȥоıʣ
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һɵʱад洢ĳ׹ѾĴοȥٲһЩ
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һǧһεĴֱ磬һǧΧѾߣô뿪ΣԻήͣ⴫ãһб¶ΣգȥأСġ
֪Ͱǰġ

ûż뿪ȡ˴Ѫꪣħ⣬ʵħ⣬Ѫϵ䣬֪ôô
һħⲢûиǧԼ޸꣬ʵϣڵṩİѾǳˡ
ħͷѪħħӱԵشõһױѪꪳɽҸħӵ䣬ħҲ޷ħƿشѪꪵʱҲܵӰ죬ħ۷ʱûô˳
߰ǰħ۵׾ʲô飬Ѿ޴ӿ֤Կ϶ǣħ˲СΣħ۹ΪƷţڵһǧ磬Ȼħ۹ȴһսǧ綼֧飬Ϊڲ磬²ǧҪ
Ҫ֪ǧǴݻٽģ޷𣬶һĽĴųµһԲơ
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ټԶŻ˳ǵ̳йŷѪԼԭеĲ֮Ѫôؼз֮
Ԥʮ⣬ɳΪ񺣾ǿߣ߸ߵľ磬˾һħӱԵشõĴѪꪣ̫ѣϾѪʥҲǱȽϵײһ

ҹıһװûд۵ľߣֱͨ磬ûķУٴֱһڵǧѾǧ￪⣬ó˾˵ֱۣ֮漣֮
һ·ϣרСܿдУоյ˰ǧɫ
ǧɫǿ߽оһǿ߽е㰲ȫܲ򲻻䡣
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ٴνǧɫѾ֮ǰʱˣΣգҲ㹻ĵֿ֮
οǧɫһΣĻҲʮϤһ·оյ˰ǧɫĸء
ҪҵҲһ׵飬˵峤ǧ³ڱ£ǧɫʱŤպϣ޷ø֪ģѰҪҵҪС
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ղһкޱıȫȴûжԪһҳȻֱ۷飬Ѫӿȴһֺĸо·ȫϸȫչĶӣǽڱ㷢žžı죬·һ㣬ǾԪϵΪսʽԶ޷ĸо
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Ҫ֪ѾɶսϣǴ˵еİɻ񺣣Ҳ˵ֻнӽ񺣴ܵʵ
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׼ۼǿһͭף
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ǧɫǿ߽һ񺣴ȴ̫ΣգˣͭǸشڣӦڰǧɫģһǿҲһ֡
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жȻͷͣһ̣һͭеĹһ˿һȤôɣ
ͭ׵ٶȼ죬ɶݰֻǼϢʱ䣬Ȼ⼸ϢĹоȴһǰ

׷ˣͷɹһʧӰ٣޾ƣ˿ڰǰǧɫɫ
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󱳡Ķ亹֪ʯеشڣ̽ܣôԼԶ㲻Էĸ֪
ڳ˯ֿΪԼΪֻһɣƾ޷ʵʵʵöԷ᲻Ȥ֮оյĶȹһ١
⵽ʲô
˲亹δԭڰǧɫһЩʱ䣬ڿЩҵ׾ȥȽϱգǵȼǿǰԼûаַ֮
Ҵ۾ħʬ壬뿪ȫչͭȥ෴ķŵǰ
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Ȫ֮ӣֻǿһۣоӿ޾ı룬·Ǻˮ֮ԼҪĶϸȴ벻ֻ֪һ뿪ͻԶʧȥ
Ȫ֮ӣһΣܵĺˮٻ֮ǿ֮ļͣ־Ѿ˰սĻͿʧأӶУ
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̧ͷȪ֮ڵķѾɵĺڰ֮УʧȥӰ
Ȫ֮ӵʲôΪʲôǽħӵǧνǧɫ󶼻ῴ
ǧ˹ôÿȪ֮ӣЩƯںеʬģǲ
飬Ҳͨ飬Ƕӵгǿߣ
ƺ֮ǰ׶Ȫ֮еһֹ֡ͷ϶нǣҲƣ
ȻԶǿԴ¸оɫߣӦһɵ֮䣬ǿͭҲɳ߲
Ҳ漣֮
ʥħ½ʱ򣬾Ϳܶħӵļ򣬿Կ϶ħһЩŵĴڣԼҲħпһͷ峤ǧľ޴ޡ
ЩӲ뿪ħӣֻһЩСĹᱻħ緢ĺɫ
漣֮лʲôͨһô
ҡҡͷǲ̫Ʋ⣬漣֮ͨһ磬ôȻҲһ߼磬Ҳ̸Ĺ̶ȣļ𣬾Ӧò֮£һ磬λܴ½ôܷβ
ĴھζµĻԵȻǿ̽ա
벻оҡҡͷȥˣѾԶԶľڣ̽Ѱ˵ģԼɾ֮ʱǶûе漣֮ϵ
ҵʵ̫ˣܴﵽӵļ𣬻һ̽
ڸп֮ʣȻڰӿһƬУԽԽŨֻһĹ򣬾ŨɫŨһ㣬ʵʣ̻ա
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ֻȡЩ֮һ˹Чǿ̶ȣ֪޴ײħеľΣ
ûжֱͣھʮаѿ˳׹⣬ҹ뿪˰ǧɫ
ڼûʨԴΪ׾ѾõˣʨԴûиоĵ⵹ʡȥ˲鷳
ܻͨصһıչ֮أ׼ţͬʱҲ㳢Գɡ
ʮö׾һſִֽȡ˷ӡ鵤С
ľһ鵤Ҫӡߣһѽץסȴоƺץסһֻǿ棬ͻҳ壬Ҫ
ⵤҩˣȥҲɽ֮Уɾʮꡢʱ䣬ɾ
ץ鵤Ժлһҩʦ鵤ʹ÷ȡһǰͰҪذףԥʿԼţ
ۣ
ѪޱȣûжҲиòذ֮йעһ˿ս顣
߹ǵļ϶ʿ֮ĸ֪Լǿ࣬鵤̺ǧҩȫϸ˿ҪȫգǾҪֱֲ֮УѪҺˢǧϸ˿һ˿һ˿뵽ѪҺ֮УգҪʱ䡣
ʿԼ࣬һ˸֣һȻذȥ
һĨѪ鵤֮Уתŵ˿ϡ
Ȼ鵤֮в֣ͻҳ壬صײıڣÿһײͷûһ㣬ִҪ٣һ߱ײͱײ飬ѪˣģڼͣȴҲпܱײʧĹ
̷֮ǿޱȣټϿŶݼ׵ţʱǿܳö鵤ֻǵ鵤ײոذг˿ʱһѵȥһɫҰףͷߺ
ʹʱؿڵڽ裬㱻鵤ҲôˣǿţɫˮһѪҺˢ鵤ı£ɫҩҩҺˢѪҺ֮Уͷ
ҩţ鵤ײԽԽֹͣ˳ʼԹԵıա
鵤ֻһʼֲ֮ҪһЩʹ൱Σգ֮ҩȴǳͣգΪ鵤ڻ൱ǧҩɵϸ˿һһĽѪҺ֮У̳ܾá
תۼֹʱؿڵĽȻ䣬ֻһǳǳİ׺ۣʱѾ˿⣬˫ȭö׾ʼţ
ŵλģҲ˵ţָһ
ʱ˫չƽ˫֣ϣг֮ϣ׾ľѸգԭӨ͸ĺɫ׾ʼף󳹵ױɰɫʯһСʯ飬žһѣΪĩ
ʮö׾ϣȡʮöա
ڳĳˢ£λõŲϵıԽԽɶ
ʱʮʱһ죬죬졭
һֱ죬оۼ̫·Ҫѿʮö׾еҲѱյһɶһ˫ȭȻѪֱӴҵ񷶥ֻ֣Ǳˣ
ţڿ


874 ʱ䷨
浹ڵϣ˫΢ĲţµѪѾһС̲
һ壬лϲͬʱҲЦҡҡͷ˫۾ȫ飬徭Ҳܵ΢ˣֻʱǷˡ
һˡ֣̺˫нԢ⣬ţˣͬʱսʱŵҲɲСĸ
ǰŶݼǰеһţҲֻпšıʵĻţ߲ӵгŷ
˿˫֣ʱ˶ɶɵĴ㣬ƽʱ̶ֳȵˣֻҪŴȴһµʱ䡣
ʱڣ״̬սҲ»һأָǿ۷壬Щƶĸо
ʱҲûдϢÿԲһ컯µʱǼʱ⾳Ȥ
˫־һֱһƬ޷ͨȲһЩͼߡ
Գֻ߰Ʒ˵Ľţɵһ幬͢ĺɽ֮У¥滨˵вʱ䷨򣬵Ҳʮ⡣
Ȼ˵ǧһĹ͢أʮְȫͰ׻ɳͬʱһЩòŮңʱʱ̵̿ķһչ˵΢
֮ϵ޳֮Уò㣬񣬿ͬӹһ㡣
вϲ統ϺֻĴĻӹǳ֮ʱʥͬʱдòŮ檻ңӵұ
û뵽гһգԼҲ᳢Ƶ
ʮ죬оصԼϣֱ۵ľѾָȫֻֻƵĻǸһϸС˰̣ˮƣϸ
µĺۼٹһʱգ˰Ҳʧֻڿ֮ʱŻ¶ʱǾͻΪ屬ǿһ㣬˲ľ
оһǿһ죬ⳤһ̺͵УȻ
оԼƺٴ̥ǣʹ·ܰһɽƾץƵġ
һ¾һʵԼƥǿִһȻϧ֮ѾĶ֣֮ϵĶ֣Ͱףִ򲻹
ܴ½ʮʷУܹԽս񺣵ʵǷëǣһڵڲܴ󣬶ܵ񺣵˭Ǿ콾ǰ֮ǰδ񺣣󿿻Եʵᵽ񺣵ǿߣҲʵĵۼţЩͻ񺣵ľ͸˵ˣһǶĵۼš
ҪԽһ󾳽սʤЩ콾ҪǸ̸ף
Ҳҵڰǧɫ󿴵ֻ׵ĶڵҺĴսһ
Ժʼջصͭ׵Ӱӣг˯Ĵڲ֪ﵽʲô磿
ҡҡͷȥ룬Ĳʱ䷨컯µʱ䷨ʮһоǼʱת۶š
ӡ֮Уܴ½⾳б̫ľԣǰ컯µʱ⾳ȴֱָԴζֱĴУ
ѵ컯˽ܴ½ʮǰؾеõĴУ
ŵҲҪлݸµ⾳򣬲ƾվʹһ׷ּʮǰܴ½ãмķɡ
컯˻˰ǧ֪꣬߹ٵطѰؾõһĴҲ֡
ֻǲ֪컯ΪλὫôң
Żмصķ֮ʱһĻǰͰ״ϢϢǳ򵥣ֻ֣ϵ
ţ΢΢һʲôô֣أȻҪ̸

ϵȴϵ֮Ͱ׺һˣһĵڶλ񺣴ܣޱȣٿ˵һֱ֪֡
Ͱǰϣ飬ֱԾŶʹұ
Ŷƺʹұŷұţ㿴ɡ
ͰָһžͷɵУ֮ʱ򶨣ԽԽԱƽ
ſ꣬һ˵Ķһ£һԱ֮Ǿԭ漣֮Ͽյ漣ǳ˰ǧɫϿգ
ڲμƾٰľŻʱұ漣һ翣ƽʱ漣֮ֻһЩ˰ǧɫ񺣴ԶԶĿ纣¥һ㡣
Ϊ漣֮ȥ޻أƽѾǳΣգ˵ȥ̽Ѱˣ漣֮еľޣͿһһ񺣴ܡ
ڣΪĳδ֪ԭ漣һγڰǧɫ
ϢĪľ뵽ڰǧɫϿտͭףǳ˯ڹеĴڣܿ漣֮
Լǿͭף漣漣֮Ʈ˳ɺϲò˲룬֮䵽ʲôϵܣ漣ǹдڵ޹
ٿȥĴѾһ֮ǰ׷ʩչֶ̽漣
漣֮ǾԵ漣Ҳһ֮أ֪п̺ԵҲû˸޼ɵĳȥǶȥ޻ˡ
ɳɱ¾ܣŶұҲƵĿܻǱūӡĵˣ׷ױɳȥ̽漣Ԥһ֮󣬾ͻʱգ뻹ǲ롣
ڰǧɫܱ߶ѾĴκ˲ý롣
ƺŷұʵ˵һ£ѯǷһͬǰ̽Ѱ漣
漣̺֮ܣ֮ģԸƽʱһһͬǰڣ˾ͽһڣȴò֣ˡ
ɲΪԼ֮󣬾˾ͽ
ؾ֮У޹˼ɣһɱһʲôأ˶ˣǾɱ˾ͽʲôã
ҳ˾ͽ֮⣬ǾŶ̫ʣұһҲ֣ܳЩˣԶܹĴڣԸ⽻ؾ֮УԾ޴ʱᷢʲô˭˵׼
СֵܣҸ˸оûҪðաͰһ£˵һΪ޷ʱ뿪ǧ磬ؾ̽Ѱ²֮Ǹȥʵܸһȥ뿪˽ĴıӻҲĶ֣һǰΣ֣˾ͽΪҪЮĳ룬ΪĻ
֪ͷȻϲðգҲãؾֻ˵ޱȿϧˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣһգһ鴫컯ˣ컯漣ҲȥĻԴһ
컯ˣһһ


875 
ʵ漣ȻԱܵõ컯˵ıĻǾŶ̫һҲҶˡ
컯Ҳֻһ֮ԵûкޱζԷ컯һҰףûκԼͻûɺԼҵĻͼıĶҲˡ컯ͼıԼʲôȫԵǧǿ°ԼͰ׵˸£ֻܸɵۣûҪȵ졣
СֵܣôģͰʵ
ôƶ˵漣һµʱ䣬ֻԼʵΪգټӿţʱսﵽ̶ֳԼҲ˵á
ȻԿ˾ͽ죬Ƕ˾ͽغ˾ͽϣ㹻Ա֮
ƶɣãͰ΢΢һȴû֮ɫһ֮ǰɵʱͳɾһ۷壬ٹôãƶɲΪ档
ٶȱչأſ;״̬ﵽ۷壬ʱƶѾˮɡ
ɣԵΪѽȫ壬ȻףƶȫԪΪѽ壬Ҫ򵥺ܶ࣬ад洢ĳɫ׹Ѿ㹻
֮Уأ̨̤תȫʮѨзѡʮ㡣
ʮ鲼ȫĲٿ֮£ԪԵΪģͬʱ
ɫ׹аѿӿȫ塣籬ѣѪھޱȵԪлɵѪ
ƽʱһ峹ױ飬òȻȻޱԱΪ֮·̽Ȼһ·Ḷ́Ϊã䱻ΪС
ϰ;ϣһδ֪ķ֮ٽͻƣȫѪϸںĳһΧ֮ڣκţȴγ꣬ĸӹˮ֮֮
֮гŷḻԪÿһϸᵥܵĴʣɱΪϸСԪ顣
γƷߵͣҪѽǷ񳹵ףϸǷ񾫴
⡰֮Уʶޱ·𻯳Һ̬ĺ֮УԼÿһϸÿһѪбĸıš

һµʱת۶ţ漣̽ˣĴɳʮ̽ܽ漣ֱֻڴұ;ŶΪɳ̽ʵǿǾŶΪ漣ĵһϣɳ񺣾Ŀܡ
ĿܣŶҲֻһķ˴ĵرŽ֮䶳õʱ
£֮һ֮ϣп䣬ܵ˵ĸռ˴롣
̽Ѿ˼ΪˣҪ֪漣Ư漣֮Ͽյַȥ޻̫ˡ
ǿ߱ĻĴĵӣҲδܽһĪ˵漣кܿдԵʲôѰҲһкô۽˾磬ܼʶȼؾպĳɳôࡣ
ǧ磬һ塪
ڱչ֮Уӳ˯лѣȫʯϣ֮飬Ϊ˵ĸо
ɣɹɹ
Ͽһݷƣ֮Уͬһʫ湫һ㡣
һӣƾջ۳ɫĵ绡Щ绡ϸֳͬ˿һγʵʻɫ˿Ƭ̺󣬰ȫγһɫĳ
ڸļһĿ֮䣬ȴ·ҫѾ뵽ÿһϸ֮е֮֮ͬ
ԼΪȻǸո̤ɣȴѾǶɴɣȻ۷壬Ҳɲ̫ԶǺƣһͻƣͻˮɵĴһ硣
֮䣬ܸоԼ֮䣬һɵҺҺһɷζΪȫ̥Ϊ壬û˿ʣһԪ壬þ⵽ÿһ䡣
ϲòʳ˼̻巼㣬û׾ⷹʳĳΪˣÿԵȵȪ¶ֻܱ֤Ⱦ
ȫҪˣԸһȴΪĴڣȻڡ
ҲΪԭ׶αΪ̥ǵĹ̡
Сֵܣ컯˵鵽ˣͻﵽݣ㡣Ͱ׿أǰһ󲻶ɫ˵ƶ֮УƲ˲֡
áǴұһУŰǧɫ󣬾漣ܽ
СֵܣһԻ㵽ݣ֮ҪԼˣҪСģȻ˶ɣҲֲǿ֮Ĳࡣ
Ͱһ˵ŵ飬Ȼ޷ս׼ȷĹ⡣
Ͱ峤ˡûƴǡ
󣬲ݵһԺ֮Уһ۷һһŮˣ˿ȥǶʮͣʵǹʱѾһӣֻΪƵ磬ᡣ
˱ǾŶĿʿһɫļˣΪȻɵΪֻûֵⷽѷ˾ͽ£Էȴ˾ͽ£սΡ
ŮΪ񣬲ǾŶ壬յӣȻֻΪĵͻᷢأһģĿռ䣬Ԫˮǿʼڵı־
ں֮󣬵ɣʼ޵ʱԪһ飬·Ϊޡ
ԪɣӣҸ׿ơ
ٵڣԪ̻ˣԪ
ڣﲢޱ仯ֻߵɱ壬뵤һܴͬ洢ԪԪٶȱ
ôڣȫԪˣҪԪƺ޴ɼӣʱ򣬲֪ǰ֮·ǰչһµĵ·ǾõСǧ磬ԪҺУ
Сǧ߱ĸʵɴСɵǿߵ񺣺ڣСǧʮֹҺԪӿȣĺ󣬹ʶ˾类Ϊ񺣣
֮·һηԾһҲԤʾ̤磬˷ܣȭ죬Ѵأɽܡ
ʱΪŮӣСǧĳΣԪҺһ룬Ѿǰ벽񺣵ı־
һɾͰ벽񺣣Ļ֮ڶɾ񺣴ܣѾעΪǿˡ


876 Ⱥ
ŶΪĴǿʢһĿȻй֮޲˾ͽ¼ǧһھŶİܳһ
̫ӵ£
һ񣬲Ҳȴ̫๧֮ɫѾǰ벽񺣣ٹܳɾ񺣴ܣĴ̫
Ѿʮ꣬ɣôһ˿ϣΪŶ̫һȻҲС˽ʮʲô֮ˣʵϣôͼ̳̫֮λкܲȡ֮ͷ
磬ӡ΢΢һЦӭӣ콫Ĺʽ漣Ǻܿܽҿ漣֮ܵһ̽գش󣬶ҡ
˵һ٣óһöɫ򣬡ҾŶ֮ǰ̽ȡ˹漣ĵһϣΪɳ̽ȫûκϣұɳ̽߶漣δ̫룬õͬûʵǿɣشۻģҪԱܡ
˵Žɫ˦ˡ
һ΢΢ɫ䣬۾һ漣غԶʱ߷ܣ
ֻƲ⣡Ʋɫĵͷ
νԶʱʮǰʱܴ½ʢƺعвͬ
ݴʮǰֻҪڣ൱İշʵԶͬߵľţ񺣳ڣǰɱգɷ
ʮ֮٣Ϊֻ֪еȡħʼ۵ȵȷëǵʮ˶ѣʣµĻһЩҥǷˣ˻Ƿö֪
Щ˾ôɷģһţƺǵʵˣȻγɸӦƾʧһ㡣
ұ棬Ŷ̫һ֪ͬη
бףܴ½Ŷ̫ȫƿ£ĪҲӣȥȴһСˣ̽ؾʱ򣬱һƴҲûܡ
ˣкֿܶŷһߵһģĪǶ֮·ִ֮ĵˣܣѾѼǵȤˣֻͻƴϲãǳԡ
ܴ½̫ƣ˵Դô˵ܴ½ܶ⾳Ĵжڿհ״̬һ⾳漰ͷǳˣں߰־磬û
еĻʮֻ꣬һҲ޷ó
ܴ½עԵ֮ϵľ磬ⶥһ֮ӣĸûҰģ˭Ըǧ֮ΪһѰ׹أ
һ˵պʵڻ첻ȥƺҲа취ػ½磬ֻҪһЩ۰ˣ㻹иϣ
뵽˶¶֮ɫ漣֮иڴϵδһĳɾ͡

ݣ컯ǳģСԺʯ£ͷţ³ԲݣЩʵ޷ʵǵܴ½ܿλеһĸ֡
컯ǰ
СѲض漣֮Уŷұϼһﶼ֣ȻŶŷұеһܹѹǰ֣һԵĻȴǾԲеģҳ֮⣬ڶ֣񺣳ڣڵıȱȽǣһڣ֮Ҳֻһˣһ԰ȫΪϡ
컯ʯϣ˫ַľȣɫ˵˵ǾŶ̫ʣŷұǴұ棬˶ǻǧɲ⡣
컯˵һսѾǧǰ޷ȷڵʵ
֪
ͷʵ漣ѰԵһ棬ȴҪķ棬֮ðΣ̽Ѱ漣Ϊ̽Ѱ漣֮ħӵܣĸоƺʮǰܴ½йأ֪ǹʮľ۵ʲôˣǾŮǺεݣ
Ǿ۵ľֱ޷⣬񺣺ڣɻһꡣ
ٽһ¸󾳽磬Ҳ֮С
¸󾳽磬Ӧʮħӵľۣʮ֮ãȣ·ÿһռ䣬ôܻãֱ
̳ôǿߵļ䣬ȻȱȫҲܸоеĵλǾǶһģڴ˵еĽ
һӢϣƽ˺뾴֮ġ
գǧɫϿӭһȺܴ½ǿߣĴʥصǿ߶ᡣ
ǿ߲˵ˣֻҪҵԵͿԸһϵǿȻϣСһЩǱԪ޶࣬ƴһҲǸײײ
֮⣬ʥصῡǣҪڳıӻ֮£棬۽硣
һʱ䣬ͨӲӵʮɳıֻۣɫʥǧɫϿ䣬ţ
ôĶİǧɫ޶¶ͷ
˵ҲֻͨްˣǧɫֳЩҲҪãͱȪ֮ӣٱһ̫ޡ
һȺȻеʵ֪ʱɢ֪ܣ޷ҪǰܣƼܴ½ǿһȺˣ漣ŶûʧأǾͳЦˡ
ǿ߷ֳ岨ǰĲֱĴǵš塣
һǶźɵɢߣһ˵ʵСһֻʮˣһ˲ŵ㣬޷Ĵȡ
ţ컯ˡ֪ĸͻȻһ䣬ѭȥֻһ۵컯ˣһͷţ̤ƶһò㣬ʳڵӣߣһ
컯ˣ
ڴ֮ǰǲ֪ǶҪϢƺŷұҲ
˵񺣴Ҳǳɵ컯ʵ̫ʢ
ȻֵһᣬҲԲܵڵ³Ԥ֪һЩ⻹ûɳʱ֪ʮ֮ɳʲôز
컯ͷ벻ҲˣֵĴҲ̫˰ɣһϵͻȻھŶһһϽ۵ߴӽɫվǾŶ̫졣
Ҳ֪컯˵ʵֻ֪Ĵºš
컯ȻǸ겻΢Цϴαչذ˰꣬ʶЩ͸͸ַģ漣ǿ۽磬ᰭѰġ
չذ˰꣡
ΧʱЩߣܶ໹ʮ꣬һαչذ˰ֱ꣬
ЩЦЩ˲֪컯˵һαչذ˰꣬ʵֻǰʮѣʱٷʮ£ʮͬ˰ꡣ


877 
컯˵Ļ΢΢üȻ컯һαչذ˰Ĺȴ϶컯ӳطҲʱ䷨ط˵ĶǲܵģʵܸʤԼ컯ˣҲ;˴컯ʱ⾳еͷ
һûм˵컯ˣмΪɵ
ڴұһұŷұֻǶ컯΢΢һЦǴкˣ컯˲Ϥǵзѣ죬컯˴սһ
Ⱥ֮иܵԹĿ⣬ѭǼĿһ⣬Ȼ˾ͽغ˾ͽϡ
ϼһ겻ɢ
ɫ΢˾ͽغ˾ͽԪѾ޶࣬ǿԵǿ񺣾λˣ˻꣬⡣
ֵܣȻˡ
ԶԶģŷұƶ˹֣Ҳһһ
ݵһƳŷұߣм׵ῡܣΪɻɣϵƲ˾ͽ

ŷұߣһɫüһŷұȺһҲɣ벽ΪȻһǿǾ־
һ㣬ŷұȺҲղһṳ̂ɣɵΪʼ̤񺣡
ΪˣŷұȺڻҰĺܴ󣬿ṳ̂ɵĻûаϣµһˡ
ŷұͷ
ŷұȺ۾δµһ𣿲֪ϵʲôܣ
漣ǰ֮Уػ峿ʱΪλٹһʱ䣬ǿԽˣ
ڵǴұ棬Ļ黺ǰУܿ͸˴˵е漣
߸ƶ֮ϣԶԶȥӲӣ¥̨뵽֮У߻񷶥С
漣ûκ֮壬ֻģ漣
ûдţǰһżʮɸߵľ޴֮ǺڣΧȻһŤʹ֮
ΪãΪ漣̺ĳ̫ǿȻȻŤΧռ䣬γɱպħǧͰǧɫеһ漣ΧΧСҲǿ
Ϸһˣ
쳤Цһ֮һڣٽ֮ʱֽȡһӲӵﵣһڱպ֮ϣֱӽƿŶǿߴῡܣټʥصһʮˣƺƵĽС
ţұһҲŷұƿһȺʮ˽롣
󣬽ɢˡ
컯ȴż˵漣ڣÿ֮Ŀ϶ͨͬĵطѡһ·Ҫһ𡣡
컯˵꣬ѡһһģ鿪ݵĽ漣


ɫĴŽʯվһƬ̲֮ϣȴ֪µǵ컹Ǵ½
ɫĺһƬç˴˵е漣֮
ڵ֮ϣǾɡƵĴЩʮɸߣʮ޷ϱϹâ㣬췱ǣ籾û̫ȴΪЩϵĵǹ⣬ӲĽ
ò漣֮ϵĵ죿
Ȼһֱ̽Ѱ漣֮ܣƬȴһֱɵ֣ϵĻûаְ߳ȥµһˣԶ
Īţ漣е磬һɳһ磬ЩΪߵϹŴڽ֮ΰ֮пٳڶ粻Ϊ棡ǿռ⾳ĵؾ磬ֽӣ
ؾ磿һѾ֪ÿһַ򶼷Ϊö־磬ϵΪŸ磬ǰֱַ⾳ͻ⾳ֱӦ񾵵ǰ磬棬ÿһ⾳Ӧһ磬ԽľԽΪֹͣڻϵĵڶؾϣؾŶûˣڻϵ⾳ϵĳɾѾ൱ˡ
컯˵˼ⴴ漣ϹŴѾٵ˿ռ⾳ĵؾ磬ʵ̫ǿˣ
ռжٸ磿ֱʲô̲סʵ
컯˲ûֱ˵ռ䷨һʮؾ磬ֱǣŤռ䣬ϲ񷣬Ԫնգֽӣռ籩ڶУʮάռ䣬
컯һ˵ʮ֣ȴûϸͣǹ־Ѿˣ˺棬ֱ
컯˸֮̾·޾ʮ⾳ǰԼ򵥣ǻ⾳ȴѾԴˣνռ籩ƿؿռ֮ΪԼã⶯ռ䶯ڶǽռѹΪûһ㣬һʾж̮ΪޣԶ޷ʮάռ䣬ൽ޷⣬ָ𣬴ǧ磬Ǻεΰ
ܴ½ڵλ棬Ǵǧ磬ȴֻǧǧһжٸ޷㣬ǧǧǧҲʮڣʳǧǧ磬ÿһǧ磬ǧ硢Сǧ磬ޱȡ
һ󵽿ֲϵͳʵˣ
컯ǰ˺־磿̲סʵ
컯ҡҡͷ̾Ҳֻؾ硪Ԫն̤ǰһˡ
Ԫն컯˻˾ͽһǴԪնԿռƬΪиһУ˾ͽ±ɾħʥ壬Ҳȫһεġ
򵽵⾳ԪնҲǳˡ
Сѣǰ·ߣϷ·ɡ컯˵
֮⣬컯Լ
һ̲ס컯ǰһ£֪ʲʡ
޷
ʵǣΪ컯ǰչмӣ


878 ħ漣֮ϵ
ѯʣ컯˹ЦţԼİ˵Сѣʵܴ½λˣλƬ½ߵķΪλ汻һˣ񺣾ϵߣ޷ֻܽͶӰλߣҪҲܣҪͨĿռͨ뿪ұˡ
컯һλ˵һ컯˾Ȼݡ
ܴ½λˣ
˼ȻҲ֪ʥħ½Ĵڣλ棬һ½ܴ½ʥħ½
ϸҲ֮У컯˷·ƾðģܴ½ʷޱȣŶ̫ʵݡ֪
컯ڿռ⾳ʱ⾳ϵ֮ߣӵܴ½ûеʱ⾳УҲ˵ˡ
ԷͬʱλˣרŸߵĻôȷʵûбҪԼвµһ˵ݣԼܹһŵؽҲָ컯˲ʹ͵ġ
ϸǧǰ컯Ŷ̫һսҲڲʱ䣬֮컯ԭϣ·ȴͻƣʵٶȾпܾΪ̫㣬ʹʮַԭ˲컯ͻƣҲӳ
һ˲ڣ޹컯֮ǰ෬˵̲ԼʦΪǳ˽ԼĵϸǷ˫Ҳˡ
ô˵ȣħʼۣǴƾգǱλˣ
ǰ컯ԳЦЦЩε˵޶ۣͣڣͻ֮侺ңʵ̫ۣǣ½磬ͼһңڣ
컯ô˵оЩ̵ζ½ܴ½һȺϼһԴҪ򼷣ǵʻ컯أ컯֮ǰͻڣܴ½һֻ˾ͽһ
Ŷ̫֮ϼһĻԵҪȥȥ˵ĻȻͷѪ˵ֱˡ
ҲֻħʼۡĺˣȥζŸĻԵϣԽ񺣾硣
ǰղ˵ܴ½ڵλ汻ˣ
ǣ漣֮֮ϵߣ޷ܴ½컯˵ҡҡͷԭʱԼڵΪλ˶Ǻ
ħأ䲻ʵ
컯΢΢һ㵣Ҳ֪ʥħ½ħӣ
šżȻĻõħǰĴУͨħ۹еĴǰʥħ½Ҳʶħӣ֪ħӺ漣֮ʲôϵ
ûκҲҪ컯һûʲôҰĵҲλôûǰ;ְҵοħ۹ǵ㶫Ҳϵġ
ħӡ漣֮컯ͬʱ֣¶һݳ羴͸п֮ɫγɵʱʲô飬Ҳ֪һЩ²⡭
ţǰ뽲
Сѣɷ֪ڵܴ½ʥħ½ʵһǳϣǳΣϵ̫
ΣȻȻܵļУҲ֪һЩǳ֪ʶͻȻ֪ԼµĴҲεģǾЩ档
ħӾ漣֮ġ·ǷһЩأ
⡭ת컯˵˼ǣħӺ漣֮ϵλŵģһڡϡһڡ¡ĵλãоץסʲôȴ벻ס
컯һĿ⾹¶һЩ־֮ɫ˵û´ĻħӺ漣֮ͨŵģһùᴩĳԨԨγԭ򣬼һܣһдģ漣֮ħӴö࣬²⣬漣֮ڵһħǵ͸ġ
ʲô컯˵ⷬһ˫۾ɵùԲԸӣ
ܴ½ڵж޷󣬿ֱ
ô򣬱һ򴩣Ҫʲôʵֱ޷ĪǴ˵һ
컯̫̾ˣϽλ棬Щܣּأ»ǳһһ򣬶˵ʲô


879 Ʒ
컯һ·ǰУֳֺɫǹǰ·һ·ԭɡֲɭֿʼûӿݣ¶ʯƤɫĹâ
̧ͷ죬һǳʯһƬͬʯ֮
ʱͻأģǰһӰȥʱһݡ
ǸӰһϸòϣ̬ͣȻǡ˾ͽأ
ôܣ
һ˿֮ɫǲ˾ͽأ˵컯ˣһ˶ˣҲ塣
ֻ컯˵Ѱһռ룬Ӧֻ˲ǣѵ˾ͽͨ;Ҳ磿ˣͬеأ
ͷһ컯ˣȴ΢΢¶΢Цûж˵ʲôֻǿȻ׼ܵӡ
ʱ˾ͽأͷɢ϶ദˣƺ˺ܼս֮󣬵ײײ˹֣ǰһµĹ˺ܶˡ
üһûȥ˾ͽصĻһ̣˾ͽϸоһ˿Բ֮ϵ˾ͽصΥ͸Уһݣԡ
ʱ˾ͽһ⣬һֻһȻһ˫צץĲӡ
˭
һȵͬʱα˿кɫǹɨһǹǰġ˾ͽء룡
һҽУһֻ꣬ͨɫĹﵹ˳ȥⶫ徹Ȼͬãʵʵһǹնϣȴû̫˺
ʲô
ǵһֹȻԼļ󡣳İ磬˾ͽҲȷʵˣױ֮ǰĳԻӵаս飬־ǿ󣬸ղžѾˡ
ɫġļУ̶ֱĤ
ʵҲѪӿµĸоɫ׼ᣬȻһڳֱ
䣡
ܱߣоͻȻһããɫ֮У֮ϣһֻ޴ĺӰſɣ
־磿
Ȼ־
òԾս翣Ϊ֮ҲҪڲ򣬶ޡޣǾ͸ˣħ⣬ڶսⶼ㡣
ҪֻôսģֻҪ־ĶԾ񺣺ǿߣҲ¡
꣡
սͬһѩƥһһ־֮־磬ն
㡭ôôǿ־ɫԣһ֮ĲҺһ̣ûɵľ޴ͷ­һն룬Ѫ

ɫԴһʧ
һۿ̣ȴֻɫʵ֮䣬֪ʲôǵһֵĴڡ
ʳ컯˻˵һִ˵ר˵ξΪʳޣԴߣָΣɣԶĳ˯вɱˣΪԼˣˡ
ޣ־궼ǳǿӵս飬һʼҲЩƭˡ
ʳظһڿռеƽ壬ͬξΪʳͨ˷ʤЩħˣ͸ױͻˡ
ǧ磬治УޣɱֶβһСľͻС
ǰɣЩǧ˴֮ͨĵطһʱȷʵܻߡ
š
ͷǰֻֻһʱ֮ͻȻһֵָĺľǺ߿磬ϳɳӰ˸Ӧ
ʱ⾳
ͫȻΧʱɲǻɫǹͬһ̳ںߵͷ

Ѫž׹źһ·ӳȥˡ
ɱ
ǹɨǹ£һɳĺߴмһΪ
ʲô
ŵϵͷƤ飬һָֻϸȴаġ߳桱û۾ûж䣬ֻһſͷһȦͣݶǵ̣̹ģȻж
ӦѪ߳棬һּ档кܶĹѪ峤ɴǧǵѪܴɡǧɣѪ߳רżڻĹڵѪüסѪܱѪΪУû۶ֻƾζѪ֮Ѫ֮ƳʢԲŻᱻȻٶȼ죬һӾͿԶ˵ࡣ
ȻǼ桭һڿˮЩˣһɳļ棡
ղ֮⾳ѾóһЩˣıʱ٣˵׻ղͷŵ޲ɢЧ΢ܹгһѪ߳棬ǻٶ轵ʮӵ㹻ƿͻ׸
컯ȻƽƽǺͨһСɫǱϾ߰ǧ꣬Ϊ۽ħʶҪḻָһǳĸо
޹˵Ŵڵĸ˴У°빦Ǳ쳵ѽ粽
컯һͨʱշʦڣʽʱշ컯˵ȥ󣬷ŵ㡣
һδսԽԽ˳֣Թ顢ħˡޣֵָĵ˷׷׵ǹ¡
һ·սʵսĥԼһ߾ҹӵгǿĻָ;ֻϢһΡ
ڼ䣬Ҳֵĵˣˣһֱû컯˳
컯˵ָ£ʱ⾳ԽԽ̣֮ǰĶȫԲڵ뵽ǹ֮УԽԽ졣
һֱ˵ʮ죬컯ƺͨһ㱡ĿռϱڣȻһؿռ䣬ԪޱŨ಻̿ϴͬһˮī
һƬ޾Ĳԭԭ֮ϱ鲼ⲢֲݣΪŨԪȻҰҩ
ŨԪӦһƷҲ鼫ƷԪʯ
ƷԪʯԪʯ֮ԴϡһԪʯܹɳһ鼫ƷԪʯͷǳˣҴõˣֻµĿ֣ŻµļƷԪʯ֡
񺣴ܶΪ֮ۺֵĶͻƿмİͰһǿߣҲֻ֮һСļƷԪʯ͸ͻɣʱһС鼫ƷԪʯҲĴæ
ŵ˵һƷʼѵļƷԪʯħ֮ǲ٣
ƷԪʯ۾һ徭ٷְٵĴ߲֪ͬǿٱʵޱȣֻ㹻ԪʯΪһǧͻƾ硣


880 ֮ͭ
컯һǧĵ֮Դȥ
һ·ǸȻ滨为ͬһƮݵԭ֮ϣ֮ɵЩ⴦شľˣѾȾԣӵ򵥵ǻۡ
ݡ㳽һгʮݵ֣ΪҩʦҩΪ˽⡣
Щҩһģݶ̵ļ꣬ǧϣ⻹ΪЩҩƷֻôԭ򣬷漣Ĵʱ䣬ǳɳʮҩݶˡ
ܶҩ㲻󣬲ΪҩʦԺ󲻹ϰҩеҩݵĵطǬ¯Ǹ޵׶ҩݶˡ
ʼĴժֻҪǳҩһߡ
ǡ
ǰһͨľĿ¶ϲͲ֮ɫ
ľֻͨɸߣԾǽһһ㡣
֮ϣ߰˸ȭͷСĹʵ˳ǣЩʵһһһµţÿһ˵Ѫ֮·Ҫȥޱȡ
ɸߵһĹʵ
ϣһĿһ˵Ҫݳٵö࣬ǧĶ㲻ǧȴʲôҪ֪Ҳľܹǧģлǧġ
ˣݵܴ½Ҳ
⻹Ƕ洦ϽĹʥҩԴѪ֮ƿŶݼ׵ҩʱ⼸öĹҩ
ϧû취ߣֻժ¼öĹЩϧֽΪȿռ䣬޷װٺõװֽ䲻úҲ˵ĸҲǺöȴֺ֮£ĵرÿһףҪֻԵɺϺĻγɣҲͰˣƲȴƻŭԹ顣
ܴ½ժҩٸҩʦй棬ôҲΪԼ¡
ʱ컯˵Сѣм黨裬Խһ黨ʱһֲұԡ
컯˵ţֽһƴСĻ裬˵ǻ裬ʵһ롣
컯һ죬תţѸٷŴ
дϲֻȻǳޣȴֵߣһҩʦ׼һЩֻܴ½黨̫ˡ
黨ӹһ컯ǰ㲻ô
컯̾õɣõҲòô࣬Щʲô㳽֮࣬ѾûˣǶ˵ͻƾ磬ڵԼڵ֮ϣ֮Ѿʼ˥ٺõͻƾҩҲãҪҩֻһ࣬ǾӳҩƷʱľ֮ϡ
ٵҩҲѰһ;ܹ٣һҩҪǾ͸ˡٷȴվʱĶ֡
ԽǸߵȼߣҩƷҪԽߣ컯˵ľ趼Чˣ֮ǰ컯ɵȷǵõһҩ֮Ҳûˡ
˿̵ҪѰһǰҩѾллأò̫黨衣
ûн飬ֱӽӹ黨裬ȡԭµ֮ϣ
ʱ컯ͻȻһݣȻϢ
ţҲǾǳ컯˵ķӦʱҲʮ־裬Сܡ
Ȼããԭ紵ҡֲޣƺûа쳣
Ŀ֪һ컯ۣҡҡͷҲ̫ˣղֱ˿ӵĸоֻһָоѣŪˣǻСΪϣ⴦أδزеˡ
šͷ컯˾ǷһЩ׽ӰĸоҲпԤʾΣգ裬СһЩûġ
ʱ֪ڵĿռ֮⣬һع֮Уһ꣬һ֮ͭϣһѣһ˿΢ЦͷǾ裬Ǻǡ
һеѣͭһԾ£ͻһϳͭڰǧɫпһڣɣۻ룬ӣһɴϢ
ɳĹףȴ˿꣬˵ͬһ˫ɫ۾ͫз·̺޾ǿա
һ˫ļָ޳ָ׷弡񣬾ζ
ߣվޣһ֮ǰ׵Ķ
Ǹ൱ھħ׼۵ʵ
޵ǰվһˣߣͳߵʵ컯˲Ѱɣ
ߣ񺣺ڶѣԪʣ޶࣬һϷҲܴ½ܳưԣǱȫʢ״̬£ָͷֻڣַȹ漣֮»ҪЩֽŵģ
˵һ٣ĿתƵ컯ߵһϣٺЦţ촽˵ѡӵǲû뵽ܴ½ĺӣʮĹ䣬Ϊ˫ޣһѪ˼飡Сӣ϶Ȼܣ򲻿Դϡ٣ܴ½ɳֵز˵ģܴ½ûУ
˳Ĭ꽫ͭһԾ£ȥǸͷʣµģͽˣ
á

֮Դ
컯˺һЩѰľ飬ܿҵƬǧĺģҲ֮Դڡ

컯һ˺Χ·ܵĳļѹϢ߷ֿ¶һӫͨ
ǶԿռ֮ӦãʵʻĿռ俪ٵ·
ȻԿռ⾳Ҳܲڹռ֮÷ԱŰĿռ֮ƽĶѨȴ
ŶѨ߽ȥ˰ٲ֮߻Ȼʣ컯˵ǰһƬ̵硣
ԪŨҺεĵزƬСռһ̵ıһڣоˬʡȥ˼յ๦
֮УһشصԪʯͬˮһãǼƷԪʯе󣬷һԪʯԪʯʯʻһҪ෬ƳɳƷǰԪʯ󶴣ԪʯȻ
ⶴѨشһɫʯʯֱһߣӨ͸ڲԼɼһʵ̹⣬з·ӡ˾顣
ƷԪʯġ֮Դ
һʯзŵǿ֮ԴҲǼƷԪʯڡ
ôһſ֮Դܹʮ鼫ƷԪʯˣܴ½Ŀ޷ġ
ſ֮Դʱ컯˵ĿȴʯϣӨ͸ʯͬˮһ㣬֮ʯ˻һεʯ飬͹𣬻㹻ڵžһ죬ʯɫĳ˲
ͬʯ飬ɵһţͬһ㡣
ʯ飡
컯˵򲻸ˣôڴ½ĴѰԵָҵһҩˡ
׼ȷ˵ǰʯʵʮʯ飬ʯԽֻ֮ҪߵΪ񺣺£ʯܴӵʮӡ
ǰһʯ飬ʮƾʷĻĻ㹻컯˵ӳʮӣҲ߰ٶʮ꣡
컯ܲģ
ֽȡһ籦У򿪺иǣʯеʯ۳һϪȫ컯˱֮С
ˣ̫ˣ컯ɫ΢΢죬һεõʯ飬ϴɵʱõҪö࣡
컯˼ӣип˵ʵһµ飬ʧȥԼʧȥգֱʧȥۿ֮·ǰȴ޷̽Σʵʹࡣ
컯ôûҰĵˣԲϺʱҲȻ
컯ȡʯʱҲȡһűĿ֮ԴͷСһţ
ôһ鼫ƷԪʯֱδţԪϵĻͻĵһ߶ö࣬Ҳ㹻һֱʹõ񺣾ˣ
̰ģذ׹עսָƷԪʯȡ֮ģ֮һΪ֮ԴĺģԪʮĻۺ᳤ֻԭĴС
һȡߣͻȻһƷᵼΧԪϡ裬ݿⲢ뿴Ľ
ʮ鼫ƷԪʯ컯˵û̫ȤѾ񺣺Ϊǰǽһ󾳽磬ɽѵö࣬컯˾㲻½磬һֱ̿ڣҲûܽ
ٸѾܺˣͻһ󾳽磬ӳ꣬컯˵Ҳһµ顣
컯˿νȡ裬Դϲ̽һ󶴣ûĵرʱƬȻһɱ֮ʶһˮͷ£˲о׹Ԩ
˭


881 ս
ӶԷϢǸֲĶ֣ûб֣ѡһ£ȴԷʶ޴ӣ
컯˶һۣȴ컯üͷ壬ȻҲû̫İա
Ӧòܴ½ˣܴ½ûǿߡ컯أȻܴ½λˣʵѾû̫ϵˣ漣ΪѰԵ漣δ֪ڣıòϣҲá
컯һͬ˵¿󶴣ֻԭ̿ϴɽˮ续ǧѾƹ˸
ֻ¡һһѪƲ񷣬շ·˺ѿһ֮ͭͭϣִÿһһֻǣš
һĻɫ䣬ǧɫһĻȻĸ漣йأ
ѵ漣һı
תԪѸٽ֮ǰڰǧɫ龰컯˵һ飬˵ʵҲûʲôô컯˶漣֮ħӸ˽⣬ƾҲƲⲻʲôмֵϢ
ֻ׵ĺڹǱ޹ūū׼ʵþǹ룬һϣǿ޹ūһֱʹãƵɱ¾֪ܲóٱܴ½ĴС
ͭ׵ƲģҲǴ챦Ķϴ׼ʥôһڹõĲϣ㾡ܴ½ĿҲղСѣ鷳ˣ
ܴ½еΪʥ׼ʥȫʮǰϹʱģĴѪꪡǬ¯ҲħʮǰżѰС
ʥ׼ʥܴ½޷ƣһûвϣҲûжĴС
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𶯣ǧƺڲͭײʯӵĺ
컯ɫأֽеĳ߳ѾԤеһսļѡ
꣡
һѪ״ӿ£׿
һ޳Ӱڹâи֣һ԰׵꣬һɫսìӹл߳߶䣬սììڵϳһĻۣ⻮۾ͷ·֮У˵ܡ
ٺ٣Եʱ俪ʼˣ԰һζЦݣȻòʮ꣬ȴֲϵζ
ʲôˣ컯˳ֽ΢΢죬бָ棬һռ֮ڽ֮ϣýĺâ΢΢Ť
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һ˲ֽű䣬Ϊ֮ᣬǹеѹ˿ֲֻΣ
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ڣ¿˰Ŷݼ׵ǰţﵽǿһһ޿ϣҲЩܲס޴ķ𣬻ڽѡ
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Ԫǿȣ컯˲꣬ȴƾʱ䷨ǿƽ֣ܻȻַͨ漣ܴ֮½֮һ첻ȥͷӾⷬģҲ߳ŭ

걳ɫԪһ޴ľͷӰ
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ȻⲢ˵ǰһΪͷһҲһΪؿܶ¼λ涼оͷ֧
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߾ٳìľͷӰ춯صʱ컯ȴɫһûгֽȡһͨҰ׵ӡ
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ǡͫһ˲Ŵ󣬡飬㾹Ȼһö飿
ܹɱ񺣼ǿߵľ飬Ϊﵽ񺣵һСĶ䣬ٸѪ͸ǿˡ
жȻһɲкͿ־Уϼһ
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һһ磬Ȼ࣬ȴԺγһͼ
Ӧ֮ǰ߹һƬڰɭ֡
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磬ǵһ
ǴˣǱǿ֮Уֻ漣еŲԭڱ仯
תɫأļǴ̫ܣô֣һΪ⣬˶ĻôѾΪе󣬸ӳ죡
ҧǰɣǰǧɫƣȻйǿҲԤУҲԴС
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ع֮ڣµȻ³һѪǱҰѾѪģƤȫˣɲǱըġ
һԱ˵еı̺˴һöΪ񺣺ڵ߶Σգο컯ΪףʧԪһھѪ
ھѪ컯˵Ҳܵõһӵʯ飬ȫԲһٸ߰꣬˴漣ĿѾԲɣһöȻϧ컯زʲôٵĶ
Ѫľ컯ѹ׵ɱﵣҲǿһУͨ漣֮ʵǵʱӦ죬Ͳôˣ
ߵǣ컯ͬһޱȵԼ֮ƾԿռ⾳⣬ڸǧз󣬶˵꾹Ȼϣ
漣ĵ˵ؿռ⾳ֽӡĺˣǿö࣬漣ҲǼɵ࣬ĲҲ˽⣬׷һӵĹ׷ˣ
ֱƽĳ裡֮ǰºڣû컯˺ٲȻֵһ㡣
ǰ΢΢һЦ̫ˣСһЩͷо飬Ҳûл˵㡣ͷӼ黫ĺܣƺЩϵô꣬һЩѹ׵ıֶˣ˵ʮǰܴ½Ҳ²ż̽ЩżõϹǿµıҲΪ档
ϼһһĻ꣬޹ūĪҧгݵ˵
ûˣϼһԿռ⾳⼫ߣڿѾɳ漣ˣ˺ãҲץסˣûϵǵҪĿ컯ͷʵǿߣҲǿˡ
ߣֻʲȥȵɴƣһȥ漣֮ҵģǸʵǳҵϣȻΪ׼ۼū׷ɱһɱֻūֱͬ
޹ūԼƳģǵķжǿǳǼֱһ񣬿ǾĹūȥұ
ܲԾе
Ӳ⣬Ŀ˸˷ܵĹâ촽˵˫ޣϵǳߣܴ½ߵһǸ漣ԽԽܼҵȤģӲˣȻû׽ҲǸֵ컯ͷ˷ֿԹһ˴˸뿪ǧи޷ϵԷ컯ͷ׷ǹʣΪܵĻѾ御ðΣٻȥͷԼϧޱȣ
컯ȻɷǣʵϧľԼ˺ܺöԸ
˵ǷһζĻȣ꣬˵Գ֣˰ɣ̺򣬻´˺ۣҪףһ㹻ˣֻҪƬ磬ΪӲҵģ

ʱǧɫһǧУԶƵмΪ𺳡
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ǰʱǱˣȱҪֵ񣬸ǧɣ
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һԶʱоԼĺëȫΪǿĵ糡£ΧһεΪ̫ǿȻŤ룬γ״̬֮
ʵ߿̾ͻᱻճɷɻң¸ɵߣҲҪĲٵάֻԪ֮л
˵ȫ⣬֮壬ϸ֮׺Ͷȸߵû˵ˣټ⾳Ҳ֮󣬾ֻɽ֣󺣵ĸо
ëһ̷·ſվ֮֮Ũ֮Ļ°빦
һ̧ͷеʮöʵŲһ
뿴Щܸо̺⾳
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884 ʥ
編ƣܿͽʮöʵȫժߴСĹʵ˫ۻƻ
ЩɫƤƤϲ·ȻƤܸ̺ľ
ȡһöԥһ£ֱӴδ֪ռ䣬һֻδ֪ĵʵЩðգ׷ɱÿǿһʵͻһѵİգʱηηβǾûϣˡ
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ֵĵطнֻйΧƤû̷·˺ȥҲûʲôλõĹƤҪ⾳Ȼܶ
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Ũ֮ҪǷϵ߳ˣȻŵñɡϵߣ׺ͶȲҲסֲϴ񡣡
ø֪̽һֱӰѹȥ
ڼһŨķȻڴͬʱҲܵޱȵ֮ǹɷһɢȫ

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ߣִһȦаߵһ棬ŷ֣һĺǡ
⺡ǾӨ͸·ɣͷǵüĴǶһö߲ʱʯɢѤĿĹâ⵱ȻǺȥװεģֻԼģ֪ʲôĹܹüĴһö񾧡
Ȼö񾧺úоֹס̰ǰĺɢһ˾ηƣ֪Ʊһ˲֪˶꣬ȴһֱɢǰľ硣
ȴ֪ܳΪλľȻʬ⣬Ǳ˰㣬˶
Σֽܳźʼձһ𾴣ȻȥʬŭԹ֮¡
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֣ʬֱִһöֽһֱ֣˿ûΪʮŶ˹ԡ
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֮ǰ컯ԼһЩδ͸Ŀռ䡢ʱ⾳ĪһЩкͲдϲ
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ţֿʼ̽麡µֽ䣬һʱһָ
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һֽ䣬ڲԳһռ䣬ռ˵Сǧ磬ʵҪϵСǧܶࡣ
ֽĿռ䲻Ҳȹֽ̣Ʒʣǧֽ֮١
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̽һֽжʲôʱһݣȻתͷȥȴӰʮ֮⡣
ū
ȵķӦ׷ˣһȥȴǹūĴߣԼһ漣ļ֮һ
Ըߵʮ֮ľǰҲ˵ղŵһĻӦѾԷˣ΢΢ü
©ƫҹ꣬ūû˷粨Σյʱɵʱ䡣


885 ǿʶ
ʱκ˾ԭûǿֽĶҲ˲ÿˣ뿪ʱǼӰ˸Ѿǰ
ԭСѣ
üͷ𣬶һһˣֱǾŶῡұİ벽ῡŷұȺһʶȻԷֻɣǸʮ񣬱ȵ˾ͽɲҪǿ
ܴ½ῡܣӵһˣȻ񺣳Ϊ
Щӡڴұһʥؼ壬ȻϼеҪˡ
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ĸϣһЩ˺ۣƺովһսЩԭŶʹұȴۼһȫˣҲ˲ٶսʧС
λסĳ֪кιɣ
ȻƽͣȴЩ䣬еʱȻΪԷǽסԼҪкġ
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˻ʵĿƣߵ˶Ѿ۷Ź⣬ˮˡ
ܵõǵУǽһĻԵƾ˳Ϊµһˣ
ܣǵȻԸǾ޴ǰǾͲͬˡοǿһȻͻ˶ɣΪٽһҲǿߵĶ֣οҲǳصġ
֣Ȼܻ±һоֵˣɱǾ͸ˣҲõպı
⸱ǺȻǰܣ˵ʲôɫԼֽ䣬Ԥеա
˴˸ĿΧһɨô컯ǰ
컯ˣʼ˼ɣ컯Ǿһ
컯ǰڽǧ磬Ѱ£Թȥ˸ѣ컯˵ͷˡ
Ȼôǰļˣ֣֮־ͻļδز޹ū
ǵĳףϷȷʵ컯ǰЩ飬СѴϷȥ컯ǰΣ
˻ôҲǰ׻ģȻᱻһСϷƭȥ仰̽Ѿ㹻ˣ컯ûиֿΪ˱Ȼȥ컯ˣǾǼٵġ
ɫһûգ
Ը￪սƲѣҲû취ˣһǰƶɣţ̳··̺ʹξһս
ٺ١ȫ̺֮⣬Ƿһ΢ĻȣѾ϶컯Ϊĳδ֪ԭֿˡ
峤Сӷװǻƣһ֣ΣҲֲǿߣֻҪɱҲûˣ峤зסһСӵٶȷӲӲˣ
ŷұȺ촽Ԫ˵
ɣ벽ΪԼսʮš
Ҫ֪ɵİ벽񺣱ͱɸǿŷұȺͶ⾳ŷұȺŶ˾ͽ»ȡʤǰƴʤ
Ȼͻ˶ɣҲԭ̤㲻ܻҲֲܱܣοһʵԼԼ峤һ֣Ϸƣǰ϶ɱҲѡ
ʼչ΢Ц˵Сѣ˼Ǯƽ֣ߵñŵĹأһͬѰ˱ʵĸߵͷջСѣˣƺõһöֵĹʵһ֣һöֽ䣬ϷʵߣҵʲһΣöֵĹʵƺѾһЩȫ㣬Сô
˻˵ŷұȺһдϲĻȻѡȥֵֽ䣬汦࣬ԼҲֲܷٺôֵĹʵƺϵĹӣ˵ò󣬵òҲۡ
ͻȻЦ޳ܵ۵ǳʶˣ
ЦʲôĿȻ䡣
һͬ񵽱˵ĳǿ۽ˣ
ٺ١Ц˼֮ǰٽǧսһȺޣûصˣ޵İΧ֮У˵Ѿ˺ôȻԵܵõֻǵĹ͸󣡡
ǵߵǷǣŤڰףǱ׷ǱӴܵɣԭ˶ʧɢˣȻҡһΪصˣԵ񺣵ķϲ񣬾ʵߣġʲáĳôܶٱģɱԽģű͵Ϯ˵ģҪᱦȴ޳ܵΪԼɵνʿǵһμƤܵʥ׵Ĳˣ
ŭһϯ˵ķ̣һΪѪӿɱ󣬡ߣ֪СԼм츳Ϊ޵ˣ㣬ǿ㻹ԶƻأǰΪҾ͹̹ܽܽ㣬Ҳ֪ǿ֮Ĳ࣡
˵ֽ꣬һĨֱӶһⱦӭǣɼɸߣѹһƬʱ
˸ҳֶԸҲԭ򣬷ٶȷʵͷۣɱ
ͬʱȴֱӳ˴ѪꪣʮصĴѪꪣոպá
ߣ峤ǰȹһأ
֮߳ǰŷұȺȳˣŷұȺǼȸ֮߰ˣ֮ǰͷ̫ʢȫѹȥԱߵСǣۣһܷ߰
ʵ
֮
ŷұȺֽгһɫâϺ಻
ָԼռϷ磬ֻҪ㹻ˣԼһ˶ǿ棬οټһǿߣսʤʱͻʵԼϵʵ
죬ŷұȺǷһ˿
ҹ
ʱʢŭŷұȺĽâֻǼ򵥵һꪻӳעս飬Լŵľֲ
ֻ䣡һ죬ֽͬһ˺ѣŷұȺͫȻû뵽ԼĽô˲һһУȴκЧӦâĳŷұȺؿڣŷұȺȻһؿ߹ȫϣѣһһ㵹ɳȥ
ֻһŷұȺѪȫ޷ֵ


886 ȡ׼
ŷұȺ嵹ɳʮ룬صײڵϣ̳֪
һĻпһ£ŷұȺǴұҪѾʼ񺣣ʱһ񺣴ܣǿԼɾ񺣵ǿߣʲôԼӸϵ
⣬ǿҲԶԶ󣬡ôˣһʱ䣬ҲֻһС磬Ϊʵǿôࣿȥˣٹһ꣬ΪٽһС磬սʤͨǿˣ
˴ʧɫҲ£Լղûг֣͸ŷұȺһ³ˡ
ĳɳٶֲ̫Ѷȹľûгɳһ£ؾ̽زۣ˰ɱ
ûʲô׳⣬һУڿǲ꣬㹻ʵʳƵˣ
оµļ֣ﻢµĸоʱȳˣ
ʱ״ǿߣȫתſľ϶۷ԪֲĵŴѪꪵУͬʱ˻
ڵʵôѪʩչ似Ѿǳɡ
磡
һꪴ̳âᴩգͬɽƲɵ
СΪʤϷ򲻳ɣ
˱һһ߳ĺ񱳵͵â
һκε֣纣ӿƲɵ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬׻ཻ˿ֲıըؼһ̫
׻⾳Ϊ⾳ͬն˱ϾǿߣǵײǿߣҲǳصģһƲɵĳ֮УȻһһΪ
ըֳɣϯȥһ˿âΣɢ
ƿպ˵һҳⱬ飬˳ȥ
һײƾУ
ܸоֱ۴飬оԸӣȻƴ˸ƾУ
ζţЩʵвԼǿߣȫҪϣ
Ҫ֪ȻɣƾԵ񺣵ײǿߣʵбģǾɣƾԵ񺣣һˣǿ߶ᱻܣ
Ҳ˵ڵѾӵ˷ʵʵ൱ǰİɸ֣
óۣ޷ţ޷󣬴һɵɣΪʲôô࣬൱ڱСˣ
Ѿˣһǿߣƾǿ߸ԪƳսʤԷĿֲûаơ޷ϾɱʵһޱȵϢ
ôƺ󣬶ʱٶȳ
Ѫбָкâ䣬ʽδܱߵĿռ羵һ飬Ŀռ֮ӿռѷγɿֲĿռ籩֮׵Ļ֮ںһγɷ֮١
죡

Ҳ˻һбѩ׵ĵϯɳ̺ˮ֮⾳˳Ϊô꣬Ҳһɣˮ⾳ﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȡ

һдʮؼããһƬȻ˵Ĺվסѵգ㱻ƿѪʮ麮
䣡
˷˳ȥѪӿҲֱܵ۵飬ôȥԼδӮʤҲȻľԼʱūԼ޷֮
ͻȻâתռ֮Ż⾳֮׺Х
ǳ֮
ֻ䡱һ죬סһռʱ飬֮һɫ΢΢԰ף֮ǰȫֵĹĻ˼άַȻһ١
֮£ĳסˣ
ŲȽһ̤ʮһţ˵ķӦܸƴƾУٶȣȴ
һѾŷұȺԣ˿һĻɫ䣬ã
߶âҪȻѾˣѪɽһ£
¡
رѣͬʯأײһֱĴӣ׵ŷұȺΪһϢʧȥ˻Ԫƾôӭײֱӻҷʬ޴档
㣡㾹ȻɱұĻӣǴұδǿߣ
ֻо䣬ѾݣȻҪұһ벽񺣵ĸ֣س񺣵ߣôɵҷ
һʵ񺣵߶ļֵ֪ǧԪʯ
˼Ҫɱңȴҷɱĳʵ׳յĹƣΣľˣʱұɣѵĳͻñ׸裬ұߣұҪ֣ȵǷе׷ɱҵĺ
治µұһǰȷʵҪұһס
ڣţΪٽۿҪɣһɣײǿ߽Ķ֣˾ͽһȻʵԶԶУƾĳٶȣҲ㹻
ֽдļƷԪʯͻҲò̫ãʱܴ½вǿ߾Ͳˣұ׷ɱȿû
ο飬ռŵɱŷұȺ쾭壬ұֻܴʡ
㡭һڿˮȴ֪˵ʲôˣĴǺεȵȻֻ۸˵ķݶб۸ĵڣֱӳұĶ⡣
ƫƫұĸ߲ű£ǰ֮ǻƴڸǴ£ϾռҲһޱȶ˵顣
㣬Ҽˣ֮ȡ׼ЦĿһۣɱԷ֮ȴ׾١
㣡һ˲׹ԨвƫƫΪ˵꣬½һ֮ѾǶˣ
УѰ𣬷ұɣҪӣҪȥһϹµɢޣǧ겻
Ѿ⣬¼屻Ҳĵصܱ˺ãˡ
ʱͻȻָ˶һӹԼ·ʲôڡ
㡭ʲô
˴ʧɫ˸ʲôԼȻ̽鲻
׷ӡǣоѵҵܲɣŶˣûս飬Ծ첻޹˼ɵ˵ս־ʮ겻࣬԰սµ׷ӡǣܽ⣬Ϊܴ½ûսȼﵽһ


887 ϵһ
׷׷ӡǣ˽ӴʱĿ⣬ֻоԼôҲô꣬ʶֶ̫Σ׷ӡǣδֻԼԼĸовף˵ʲôͲ֪
㡭Ϊ׷ӡֶܹ֧á˶ͷʽŹ֣ȻҺİ׷ӡ˵Ȼм̣ӡǶǲýģ
ɱһϣýӽµһ˵񺣺ڴ֣ܸܳܽ⿪ɡ
·𿴴ߵ˼΢΢һЦļƺұĹϵ׼ȥҴұŷұҵ׷ӡôԡ
Цսӡ൱սĶԾսԾܴ½˭Ӯ
㡭һ޿ֵĻĲţȻŷұҲû취ġ
ΪԴڶ˵ĻҲӣȻҰѻضаա
һԣһῡܶͷð˵ʵϹŴµ˵ṵ֮̂ǼٵģֻΪԼϾǴұˣ˾˱ҲԼ٣Բûг֣ڿԼŷұȺ³²ѣҿԼû֣֮أ
㡭ôûзأʱ¹õĻԲ˼Լϡ
һСĵϹŴܵĺǣԼҪ뿪⺡ȻЩ˴٣Ͼ⸱ͷ񾧣ǺǱǶԼƵҩ䱻˻ٻԼߡ
ҡһԪʯҵ򡭡˰ԪʯҪɱңͻ˵˰Ԫʯļ۸촽ҧѪˣļɲǵ˰ԪʯһʼĿһóԪˡ˵һǿߵԶֹһǧԪʯǿóһǧԪʯĲƲ
˵õǶʮ鼫ƷԪʯ֮Ԫʯ󲢲ˣʵԪʯֻͨҩ鵤鵤Ϊʱ䣬񵤶ǵһηЧٷõڶεĻЧһˣ뿪ѿİŶݼ׺š
Ű򡭡һǧԪʯ˵ʱͷҧˣŤһܳܵļޣծܴճ۸ȴȻδ̧ͷǿøƵипϧûܴߣѾ飬ȡʮ֮κǿ߶Ҫǿղ
֡㲻Ҫ̫˵ʼЪ˹˵ʲôö࿴һۣŭյͬʱȴҲļ١
֪̽һ飬ûκ©ĶŲȽӰ˲ʧ
㣡һ˲˫Ŀͨ죬ȡȵȡ
洫˾Ȼȴᣬһײǿߣϡ
˸ʧ˾ͽ춼׷ϡ
˷·ʧ˻һһƨ˵ϣۿ죬ĿⶼЩˡ
ˡ
ԺлصͷʮϧԼǿ߸ˣǶɹѹʹ֮٣Ƴߵĵλֻ֮ҪЩǲĴھͿΪΪ˭Ը
ʹ飬ʹûȴ֪Լڣʱĵһһ죬˵ôʱչһζһգ۾͹ȥˣ
Լһ٣ôһʱͷԷȵ׷Ī
Աߣһ˶˵´̼ʱ񾭴ϼһǷ֣ѾԽԽֲĳɳٶȿ쵽˾㤣֮ǰ˵δôôȴ͵ʶδѾǰˣڵѾ˸ǣĴ񺣴ܣҪɵ˾ǰ

ʱһƬǧ֮УвŨصĺƣѪǶѵʯʯϿعϵּЩʯӲޱȣԿ̵ּѾģˣȻƾõ¡
ԣһϵ治֪ܴ½Ĺȥʲô
ҡҡͷЩʷеʵںѲѯȥҲδغò飬Ͼ̫ˣ½λ޾˭֪ܴ½Ǹһϵ
һʯϣ̽ϹŴµֽ䡣
ֽڲ࣬ȻһС֣ǿ̵ԣǿö
һʮ֡
ϵһ׷齪ϼ
ϼ˴ܵôϵһ壬Ȼǽϼˡ
ϵ룬֮һˡеĴڣ
ĳһ޲ΨһͱҲ֣̳е֮ѪڲѪϢ֮⣬гѪצȵȣӵеԸͬ
ϵԵޡ
ԭϼϵһ壬֮ͨ⾳Ϳռ⾳֪ϹŷΣ
ӵѪ壬Ȼˣػһ
мġ׷顯ӦǷţҲ׷ۣҲۡ
ţȻνĴ۲ǿߣֻһνһλĶǿߣɳƴۣܴ½Ĵۺȫһ
ֽ֪֮̽Уʼ̽ﵽʲô
һƬӡ˵Сǧ磬֮⡢ݵءԪ滹ҪŨһЩȻƬСлԪ
һȫչҿЯ֮󣬿֪
Сǧ룬ȻһɵĹڹ棬һƬҩ԰
ипֽӿռһֽ䱾ϵĲͬһֽĿܿҩ԰ֶһЯҩ԰ѰϡҩľͿʱֲ棬ҪõҩʱժֱҩʦĶ
ĸ֪ҩ԰֮УȴҩΪ̫ʱ˴ҩѾˣϾҩ˼ʱ䣬ǶҪΪ̣ɳҪĴԪιǣ֮ǰɷֳȴǲ̫ܵ顣
ųɶҩȴɻһɣЩҩĪµ֣ʮɲ
е˳˯еЩҩɢǳԵˣ
еߣеޣֲеҩе֣ҵľǿʳʤ̭ΪײУ޷սʤͬĻֻᱻǷʳΪ֡
ǰҩȻʣ࣬ʢ̺Ԫʮ־ˣ


888 ϵ紫
Щҩʮʱģ½ָԪΪڴʢôƾõʱ䣬ҲǳΪ䣡
ʮݵ٣ʮһݵ޹ʮһݵʥ
ĵرΪ˽⣬һ·һֱεջ̫ˣҪ֪ʮݵҩҲʮѰΪ̫ʱˣֻЩмΪƾõĴŲŻķʮʱ䣬ȥЩʹãΪһ´ıһһһֱȥ
ЩҩҿŶݼ׵ĺЩˡ
Ŷݼ׵ĺҪǰѶȸһЩšϼѣ
ܶţЩıߵķ˫޵ǣŵʱҲоʮּ֡
ȻţǾ͸ˣǲҪĵرҪԡ
ǰҩȫõĻӦùٿˣš˴ջһԽĴ⣬ںܳһʱ䲻Ҫҩܲ
ӹһƬޱȵҩ԰֪СǧĹ֮С
ּΪ򵥣漸󷿼䣬һ鷿ע⣬鷿֮Уһŵܣϵ鼮ȫ
ѡöһǧ֮ҡ磡
֪棬ȫǹҡ顢нסؾ󡢲ԭɳĮɭֵȵ֪ʶֲޡޣǿֵܳޣֳĵرֵԼ÷ȵһϵĵ֪ʶϢʮַḻ
һö򣬿ԼصԶһǧٱϼʹõ⣬Ȼ¼һҡ磬ȴҡ̫ˣԶܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棬ҪһĶдꡣ
һö򣬼֪ٶȣҲҪ㼸ʱܿꡣ
ٿȥһܵȫǽģǧ֮磡
ǧ֮ǽ磡
磡
ѩ磡
ƽ磡

һһĽܣеϸеģΪ̫Щ൱أֻ൱ңԶϵһ壬Ҳûнϸϡ
һ£һǧ򣬼ǧٽ硣
ʵνǧġǧָֻʵĿֹǧصĴǧˣСһЩ磬ûмС
½ǧǧνġʮڡҲָ½λǾ͸ˣʤܴ½ڵλ棬ǳֱǱȽϴλ棬ǧǧ֮һȴСλ棬ǳֱʮģܴ½ǳ֮һЩͳͳˡ
֮һСʵЩǳ˿ҲᳬڣǳĿɼ
ǧȥһܵǰһϵ٣ֻȶʮöصȫǴ书
ϵһĴܷ
һһ֪ϵһϹŷΣƾ㲻Ϲŷ壬ҲӦò࣬Ҳ˵ϵһϵ⾳ߴУ
õطļֵ֪ˣ
Ȳø֪ɨһȻһ·ȴ΢΢ʧ
һҪϵһĴйϸ߾ʱҪϵѪϵѪȻҲֲҪȴס
鷿мصĴϵطû漰漸صĸв㣬Щǲ֮أҲİ
Ȼˣջ޴ǹϵ⾳ĴС
ϵ⾳ɲҪѪЩصϵ⾳Ҫȵ׻µĲ֪ƶٱ㹻ܳʱˡ
֮Ҳϵз֧֣һҲóϵ⾳ϵһ壬Ҳ˱֤׻˫ȫֻǿռʱ⾳ˣȻܵõһЩϵ⾳Ǿ͸ˡ
Էϵ⾳Ҫ󲢲ߣֻҪʩչ㹻ˡ
Щ̽ɸַһⵤ֮Увˡⶾ鵤ҩкܶ൤ƿˣ鵤ԵˣҾ⣬õĵҩˣʣµֻǴһĵҩ
Ҳ֮Уϼ޵ĿԱȽСܿһս֮ʬ⣬õĵҩȻѾˣʥˡ
ЩʣµĵҩȻҩ԰еЩĵرƷʲ˺ܶ࣬ŵܴ½ȻǼֵǵĺҩ
ЩҲ֮⣬δмֵĶⷽСǧ磬׼뿪漣
Ϊֵ˲ʱ䣬뾡ҵ뿪漣ĵ·̫Σˡ

ʱһСǧ֮У׷ӡǵһ֮ɫһɫ۵ӣӱ˫Ŀһ˿˿־һϸ˵ڣŹһӵĹ
˫ۣ̾һ
ôô
ˮ֮ץסһݣȲʵǰĺѣƾΪ̤񺣾Ѿֱڣս輫ߣ˾ָܹæڵ׷ӡǡ
ҽⲻսԾҸ̫Զˣȷʵһҡͷ˵Ļʱһˮһ㽽˵ϣ֫䡣
˵֣һҪȾҰѾԣȡ׼ҪǲĻҾʣˣҡõһĴУԷϹŴܣ漣ɱõǷݴУδɳµһˣ
ǿ󣬶գȻȴ˿ģҡͷκβȻʵǿҲֻѹ˼ܣٶȣҲް취˵ңǿ߶޼ƿʩģܵõϹŴܵĴУ֤з֮עΪµһˣУҲҪˣұŷұȺɱѾɳΪһòɶҡĴڵʵѾԷˡ
˵̾һ˿ӣֵԾȵĻֻܽõ漣еϢͬʱ߾Ŷ̫ʺʹұ棬ҲܹǶ˳֣ôһϣ
漣ĴȻˣԾŶ̫ʺʹұ˵ԪĵҩΪǴûֵҩĻδػðŵķճ֣οһߵúܽ컯ˡ
˵ƣҲôǾͺˣЦʱ֪֪ǿߵĲ࣬ôһҽ֡
Թ԰ʱͻȻȫ䣬Ҳһͷðղһ˲䣬ͻȻоһɱޱȵĸ֪ɨǵ壬֪˾һޱȿֲĴڡ
˭
סҳһ£Ǹ֪ɨ֮󣬾ûͣѾԶȥˡ
ǳһֽٺĸоղǸ֪Ƕ˵ʱֻо궼Ҫˣ⵽ʲôˣ
ڸ߿֮УһţΪϵǸ˼һƬ粻ԶҵٶȣһӣҾͿҵˣߣһû컯ѷɣ


889 
Ƭ磬ˣǰһƬڰɭ֣ȷԼһΡ
漣֮Уÿһǧ綼ͬﲻͬһĿռ䲨ƵҲͬ
ֿռ䲨˵ָƣͨռ⾳ĻͿƾжǰĿռԼǷ
ȻҵһƬϤĿռ䣬δҵȥ·漣ռŲ죬һ޴ԹԿռ⾳⣬ҪȥҲ
һ߷ɶݣһ߻ĬĬϵֽ䣬öָԽϼͽϼ䡣
ϼѾ֮ѡ
ţָǻһȦӡ
Ȼ֣ԼľӡӡڽָϣԭָϵϼѾʧȡ֮ԼָϵһȦɫ
׼ʥʥֱܹ壬ͱǬ¯ָҲˡ
һϲָϣ𻵣ӡ֮УǾͰȫˣҲΪΡ
漣еһǧֻ˹һʡôݺ᲻һǧٶȺܿͷɵͷˡ
ڰɭֵǧ֮󣬰ҵļӦûһϣֻ¿ռŲָı䣬Ǿͺѳȥˡ
ţڰɭĿռϱڣʱȻһ漴ȫë屩˳ȥ
ۿǰֵ龰׹ѣĿţǰͨһյĿռϱڱ˺һ£ľߵӰз·ͥŲ˽
ϵϢƺʵԹ⣬±컯й֮޲
ʣ֮ǰͬרԼǺܿ漣֮
ĿһľϣֵĿʽͶһ޶ͣһֲֿŤϢ
ĪһһߵͣǰٴΣŶĿʽֻͬоŶĸ߲ʹá
ѵǡһ
ŶΪֱţƹȨ̫֯ΪãϵѾ³˶˵ݡ
ƣ㣡̹ǣ
ǰ΢΢һЦݵժϵľߣ¶һƮݿʵףƱˣ
Ǻǣ֣΢Ц˵ʶ˿⣬ԭʱ˾ûҪΡ
ǰƣ˫Ŀбһâһֱ;ƴ˳Ǹһֱز¶رһǣδ͸ƵΪ
ΪеʶƣɳŶŶУǮׯͰٱмһҵ֯Ҫȫƿأ̵Ҫִ֪󾭼֯ڹУߵĸܣ̶Ч»֮٣ƫƫôˣҾȻס޴ѹʼʵʩ
⵼м̳ҹԼķ䣬ԼΪΪ˵顣ʱ;òԣ̫ͻأˣҾŻϰҲϣпܾΪ룬Ҫ£ԼƵ£ƫƫĲۼͷβһ仰ûᣬȻлɣҲȷ
˶裬ԺȻͳҲʼƱ־룬ܸоƵĳǸ̫
ܲƿôྭøʲôУǮׯͰٱмǾŶٷ֮ʮľϵټϾŶԭյĿľزأԼҩ԰³˰ٷ֮ʮľϵƵСȻܽƻ˳ʵʩȥûоŶĸֹֹ߲ģǱʩչֶΰƽˣһ֣ⶼ֤ھŶĵλɺ
ƲصҲû뵽̶ֳȣ죬ڿƵΪ񺣳ڣȴǰɵ񺣳ڣɣܴ½ʷǿһֻ֣µһδǰɣɱسµһˣ
񺣳ڵΪѾԺɨ£׼µһˣ֮ǾµһˣŶȫûбҪأ˾ͽΪûɣ°ɱ
ȴصڣȻͼı
ƾȻôĳɾ˰ɣֱҪ֪ʮ꣡
ǵãʮųɾ͵ɣٶʶ񺣺ھĶۼʵ㲻ÿ죬˾ͽɲ˾ͽһˣܴﵽ
ʮɾɣʮȴɾ˰񺣣򲻿ܡ
ǡѾˣ
㵽˭ȫ߶ȼУվҲ΢΢ߺΪʵ벻ʲôʤĿܣ컯ƾһЩֶλھϣ
ȷʵƣĲ棡Ʋµ뷨
Ҫңʮɳɾ񺣣һ˿âϢĳ˴ѪꪣȻϣãҲһ
ǺǡһЦǰΪֻҹչʾ˵ģǼҵΪʵ㲻ʲôǶʮͰɣٶȣʮͷϣɾ񺣣ҼпǾɵ񺣣ɰܴ½ʥħ½Ƭ½Թ񶼴δйֻ֪Ǵʮǰĵ伮пֻƬļأһɫ䣬Ҳ쵱أʮſɾͰɵ񺣣ұ֣Ī
˵ţûȫ·ѻһ㣬֮Ϊȷʵŵʱ
漣֮ųˣжȻܣҲֻĻԵܽڷһС
һ롣˵ﾹȻ̾һ֣磬з֮սлұȲ㣬ֻһЩа֮ԼһУȡǿ
˵䣬Ŀ˸ĪȴµණһһУ𾪣оƺܡ
֣ȻǵˣȻΪ֪˭֪ţʮ꿪ʼӴһգǾŶǧţǡȴû֪ʮʱʲô
˵ҡҡͷƺԸȥ䣬ǳǸˣѹ̫ˣҲҪߣ⡣
ҵĸһżȻҹӣӣڸ׼ǧԪУûǧҲǧɣϵģǾ͸ǲɼ˻ʵ۲ʮԪк󹬼ǧһʡټϵĺүǵĿ޷㣬ȫɰҾǰеһԱ
˵Щζðӵܣȷʵ̡
ôãûʵľһϣλһŮӣĸӹʵҵĸ׾ûκελڹв
˵赭д·𲢲ôˣȻԽƽȴԽܵеĺ⣬಻


890 Ϲħ
ĴĻΪ˱Ѫʢ˲Ҫ㹻ãѪ㣬ҲҪĻɸѡ
ķٶȷǳֲĴ꣬ӵܵĿԼʽΪÿһɸѡѪôһ߾ֻܱ̭ǾͳƷ
Ȼ֪Щ飬ҲĶúĲпᣬǴƿȴɰľ
ƣҴıͯΪʱҲ⣬ΪҪ磿
磿˵һЦôᱨ磬ҲҪһʢҪҵĻԻͣţҲ˵ܴ½һպλ棬Ҫܴ½䣬ָʮǰٹ⣡
˵Ŀ˸һ˿㽺֮ɫЩ⣬û뵽ƵĿһ롢ǻۺ˲µĶ֣û㣬ܹƻκ鶼ȷĿġ
ȻˣΪҪɱңƺ벢ͻ
ȷʵͻҲܣֻоԽԽ࣬ͬһͬʢǣڴ֮ǰȴҪ壬ΪһϹĶ̫ˣ˫ޣٷ֮ȫΪ壬ͬʱӵгʺϵǣұ㵽£ɳϧ㲻Ӧɳ̫ˣҲòǰ֣δҲ޷ƿ㡣
˵Ťһ޴ħӰ֣ڱգһϵЦ쳹ء
۾ƱһУˣһϹ꣬νĳһоϹһЩףܻʵҲΪϹ꣡
ʮ꣬漣֮Ĵô
תʱԭĶŵƱ˫ĿѪ죬һҰһİ۱˺ѣһҲɲ
ȻѾڵħ϶ΪһƵʵںڵħսɴﵽ޷ĵز
ˣΪɣң
𣡡
Ƶٶȿ쵽˲˼ĳ̶ȣһӰҰеƺԭأצȴѾץǰ
ͫŲȽ屩˳ȥǿĵˣӲƴֻһ֣ӣԿռ⾳ͳٶȣӶԶӶԶ
ಣ
һ̤ʮľ룬ţٶȷӵ˼¡
ȻոմŤռиӰȴȻе͵ɱͷһȴɭצٴɱ
˲ϢʮĿֲٶȣκη⾳ƾ˾źĽ飬ٶȣţ
ȣ
ۿһצѾ޿ɱܣһſа֮ת£ľ׻֮ͬʱХѪȻ£
磡
ѪƵצӰҵײֻоһɿ͵ĴϮͬеҶһ㣬޷壬Űɣֱ飬Ѫң
ǿ󣬵ǿֲҲ޷ܣ
壬Ұɣ
һצץҧ⣬ü˳ĿѪâһ˵Ӱ֣һȼڵİٵιŷ֮Ѫ
ģ
˵˻쳹أһ̣ڷ·һգƵĹצ֮ƺյȼ͵ڱ˵港ʴ
һ˲ͣͣΪӮ˱ʱ䣬Ѫꪵת֮ϣ֯
磡
һаеķ֮׺;׺ޱͷų͵ıը

צ飬Ƿһ˿ʹԭԶԶƵĶ֣ȻڼľӵϹħֻ壬ֻҪûʵ꣬ǾͻϹ޶׽٣Ҳ֮Ѷɣ죬һ죬ٹҳţͬΪ
οʽ̺ͨ׼Ʒľף
ˣڵħ֮壬ȼչŷ֮Ѫķ֮ȴʮľ֮ףĿǡ
߽ϣǽƷĹצ˸飡
ף֮ף㻹ǹŷʥ壬ϵʥ岢Ϊʮǰܴ½ǿʣǵĴ֮壬̶ܹȵ̲Ѿ˥ܲ꣬㣬͸õ
ơĹЦȻԱƣұһΣǸû˼ĸʵʵ̫ˣƱʵͽӽ컯ˣټħĸ壬Ѿǲڰ׻һҲνµһ˵ˮ׼
ֿ壬ҰɣҺ壬ΪΨһʢѾȫ񣬱ħѾȫʧȥң
ʱûӣڼ֤ƵĿֲٶ֮Ѿû壬ԼƣȻ޴󣬵Ҳ־ܣûзϣȻԷҪᣬǾǱܿ־ĶԾʵǶ֣Ƕᣬȴһ
ܷ
ȼȫĹŷ֮Ѫ֮ﵽ˼£ͬ޷־ãʵͬʱȼȫŷ֮ѪҲֻܼƬ̵ʱ䣬ʱ֮ڣӳǿսϹɴˣˣһʤϣ
ս壡
꣡
ؼ֮ȫ۹֮ϣγɫսף䲻
ǰ׻ʴʽԴ߷ս̤ɣٿ֮սֽһȻûܴﵽ׻ʵݺµĳ̶ȣҲ߱˼
ٺ٣ȷʵ֮壬Ϊƾǵ֮شΪش˱Ϳƾİսڶ֮սռƣɱ𣿱ˣļǧ뷨̣֪ܲκεķ壬עҪΪ壡
ЦʱӦȫûƵĸоɻϹħͷ
־㣬ϹħĻҲһ־֮У˾ͽһսԼֶξʵӵޣԷԼĵơԷǸ֣ܵļƻ漣֮жıģôܶԼɱûз
һͬһȫʱսƺֿ֪Ҳûã־ܡ
Ļ䣬Դеĸоһǡ
εľƻģʧȥֿ֮ƫƫ˰սԼҲУͷħս黹Ǽթ̶ȶ
ҧ⣬ԼӰаѳʱѾˡ
˻ᣬܴ
צץڱأ


891 
صĹצ籩һֲһռ䣬޷ܣҲܲ
ǧһ֮ʣͫȻ̳еĴѪꪡ
ģ
˻ֱ񷡣
ҵײߵĿռȫ飬׻֮Ľ֯ȴ޷ֿǹצ֮
Եʵ࣬ټһӰ죬ˣҲƵĶ֡
䣡
汻Ӳ˺צȻһЩɺݺݵץϣ
Ԫͬһ飬¶ħ֮
׼ʥħ֮Ȼ̣ȴؿȱݣϹħͷթޱȣеħ֮©֮۹ȥ
ۣ
Ȼ³һѪؿѪģսҲʧ˴룬̫ˣ
Ƴʤ׷һצץʱʧδ޷ֵ
ٺ٣ԹԳΪɣ
һצ壬ץУ·Ҫһ㡣

ٶȸֳħӰħſ죬ɫвɲǼо궯Ѫ֮ӿԪ궯·Ҫ
ΪΪԪѪ֮ΪԪ̺ԪԪꡢ־Ľ塣
ϹħͷſҪľһߣھʧ
֮ʣȴޱ侲ϹħͷֱӶᣬֱ־ԾòԼľԼ׳˲ȫա
Ҳ˵Ϲħͷ֪Լĵǰս飬ȴҲûκΰ취Ϊ־ԾǶ᲻òһء
ɲǼ䣬֮аսХԭ궯̱ѹȹ־
Ѫ֮ȫȻҪ
ս飬־֮
һüһɫ־֮ͬʱע֮־ֱƱϹħͷ
־ֻ֮ɱ־壬ҲûʵľڣʱʨԴ㱻־֮ˡϹħͷ꣬Ҳ־һ֣
ٺ٣棬Ȼİս飬Ҳ־Ծգ
һ˲䣬ƱħӰȫƵڣҲ棬ϹħͷڵʱΪߣսֻΪȱ־΢һ㣬κλᡣ
оħԼͣͬʱ־֮Ҳˣ
һ壬־־Ծ޷սֱɱԷҲս븽ʵϹԭ
궯ԪѪ֮ѹʱȴȻצһצץľ񣬱һϢڱǰͬӤһ
ڤħצ
Ӱ죬ռƲһ㱻˺ѣаѿ֮ѹ֮ޱı
֮֮
ɫ׹һӰնͬǰ׻ʵĳ֮壬֮ЧĹֶΣ
ߣ׻ʵ֮׻Եˣδ˵˱Ϊ̫ͣԲƣƣϹħͷԹƵļ䣬׻ʺ֮ûз
ڤħצصץ֮ϣצ֮Ȼʱ֮ȴҲڤצֱץ飡
־֮ɫһ԰ףʱȼչŷ֮ѪѾȥˣȼչŷ֮Ѫ̫ԪԪҲ޷ȼգ˾ͽ¶ԾʱҲֻȼ˺̵ܶʱ䡣
ʧȥŷ֮Ѫ֧֣ӲֵܵϹħͷ
ôϧϵʥ壬ܸŷʥﵽͬĳ̶ȣͬʱΪٽɣ֮ܶвڣֻǴѣ
ٶȳսϵڣֻΪϹħͷҪɱˡ
ۿƳһ˿֮ɫҧ⣬ȼչŷ֮ѪͬʱٶԼıѪ
䱻ᣬȼ꣬ȼԴƴһ
ҪȼԴѾǱˣܻʱ䷨֮⾳
ȼһɲǣֻΧʱͻȻ֮񾭷Ӧ־ȫٻ·תĳ¾ɻеһ㡣
ʱ䷨
һʶޱѣҪԼʱ⾳ƿʱȻϹħͷ˵ͬݺ̫Զˣ
ǰϹħʵ̫ߣѾĴڣ
ˣ
˫һӣĺڰоռ·ʵʣĺڰΧˣ޷޷
ڰ⾳
ϹħΪʮǰ֮һͬʱͨʱ⾳ͺڰ⾳ҲΪʱ⾳ıʱ٣漣֮лʮʱ䣬ʱ⾳ϵĳɾͣ컯ˡ
о彥ʧȥ˿ƣ֫䣬ͣ٣Ӷתˡ
ȫ־ע֮УԺһ˿ϹħͷԼڣж֮ս
ķ̻ᣡ
һսܣҷֻһʬ䣬Ǹ彫޹أ
ʶҽĶ֮¸㣬廹ʱΪѾ޷ľ磬սȻﵽԲһ̤ƽս飬İξߣΪӮɵˣ
ϹħĴУȻȴȻʶΪĻκε־ҡԿһξ͹ˣٳԿڶΣϹħͷķôԼΪֱӶĻûȫİգսл˵ôϻҲΪ߽Լĺ־Ҳһ
ҲﵽԲս飬Ǿʮķӡͳ˯Ȼˣ־壬ˣ־ȻЩϹŴܵ־Ȼʮ겻࣬۷ʱѲͬն
սһսұҪӮΣޱȼ㣬һ̣ԺеսХСɽƣ
СӣȻϵûϵֻǻҶһЩԪˣӮһģ
Ϲħͷô˼֣漣֮ͳﻮǧִ꣬ƿʼܴ½ּʮ꣬ѡһܵļƻôһһ
ң
ϹħͷһһΪиǿǲ֣һͷ˻ڰռ䣬ڣ
֮һӦ֧Ԯʮʱ䣬ϹħͷССĵԸ֮һһǿƣκˣ֮ʱϾ˼ͷһңɵˡ
ڶԷʲô֣µⲿҲʱ֧Ԯ


892 Ѱ·

ڵϹħͷһֻǴ̵̫ޣٶȳʶ
־磬̫ޱأƣ֮ƥжһС
ȻǱҵȼߵİս飡һͫʶȴ籩һĶ֮ս
Сӣȥɣ
ϹħͷȻ𣬷˻Ѿõһ־緭ɽ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴȻоһӴԼϣçء嫣һɲƥУɷƣ
ɿֲƣͬھǰһ޷֮
ʲô
ϹħͷȻһͷһȴ󣬳һ޴ĺɫУв־磬·صĴ֮ţ
ɫһΪٶתţȻתʱȴ·һз֮κֵһᡣУԺ嫶ç档
⡭ǡ
Ϲħͷɴ۾ʧɫκ˼Լոͬ籩еһëһ㣬ܿƵɫзȥ

ϹħͷֵƴȻǹɾ޴ޱȵԼֱԼԿ棬ݺݣ
飡
Ϲħͷ˫ĿѪ죬ԼȻ룬һзȥһҪըһУµҲֻʹһ꣬ܵıȫԼ֮Ҫ֪ı꣬һʧ͵ʧһ֣޷ء
˺ѵʹϹħͷץȻץǣ½ѵҲ޷ӳеǺɫв꣬ƺ־ռ䣬һжˡ

ϹħͷһŭͲʵıȻվǱǻתŵĺɫɵͬ嫵Ĵһƺһ΢꣬ɫȻԹеƵʻתûзκθı䡭
ʼգؾ֮ûܵѾս㣬ʯٵ׼ʱѾסˡ
ĿϹħͷһֻ蹷һһһ߷ĳЪ˹ıɫˣݶûð
Ǻɫħ
һڿˮ־еħУ޷
ּȲʵĸо·ħ̺֮˱ԴȻԼľȴ޷̽ܡ
ֶȻԼڣ
𵱳ܷʥʥŮħʱܻҷ龰еȫɵħ֮У
ЩܿɲʲôһһƬİèǶڤٵĸǿߣħʼ۾еһԱ˵ħʼ㲻ʲôҲһܣȲϷһҲӦò̫ࡣ
οħۻǿģǿеǣȴħһ̸ɾʲôûʣ
ҪԼħͷȻ֪״ﵽʲô磬ţҲħǲ֮䣬ѾǸ߹ˡ
ԺѸٻЩͷȻ򣬳ʱ򣬱ƿڰ


ⲿ磬ϹħͷƷЪ˹ĲҽУ֮ȫ֮Уһ㲻
걻صĺɫ̱֮Ĩȥ˾ӡǣΪ˴ļ䣬˲ʱ䱻Ĩȥӡǵʹ࣬Ϲħͷ
ʱڰеȻ˫ۣ
ʧȥϹħͷƵĺڰôޱȣһѪꪺ£Ȼڰ˺
ǣ
ʵʻĺڰͬһ飬һͷһ˳
ԥҧ⣬³һڱѪΣʱȻһ㱾ԴѪϾѪ֮ʢдĵرѪ˷˷Ѵܲûˣʲôûˡ
ף
֮ף
Ŷݼף
а֮
üĹ⻪˸Ĺŷ֮ѪȼһóʮֵѪ֮ϣ׻ཻ֮͵ıը
磡
ѪꪵâʮգõĹâ÷ԲǧǧĿä
ʱϹħͷЪ˹״̬Ϊ񺣳ڣǰɣڲֿʱҲƾסӶ֮µĴѪꪣ
ԪߣʮֵĴ
ǧһ֮ʣƵıӾ֮гǿҪĿȨȻʱϹħͷΪ걻˺ѣ֮ӡǱħϴȫʧص״̬Ƶ겻ϹħͷǿһʱԶ

ҪץˣۿĴѪҪһУȻȼԼĲ걾Դǿռ˴壬һܡ
ѾȫֽгһצĴѪꪣ
ƲϹħͷϹħͷצģǿӲѪꪣȴƫýȻϹħͷѧצһЩţǲִʹһ廹ڿ֮⣬ôֵܵһ

Ʒһұ۱ѿѪͬһһ㵹ɳȥ
һιʧһۣ
۾һ˿âµѾɱۣһ֣ôͣŲȽһ˲ǰ䣡
ǳ֮
䣡
ߵĿռ뱬飬ĿռƬϯ
ֹⱬ飬Ѫ죬ۿһȴ쳤Цãã˷֮˶һꪣ
ֳХһбֱдѪꪵâ
䣡
͵ײʧɫɽƺͬʱɳȥϼˣҲѪ궯Ϊ̵ĸоȼչŷ֮ѪͷȼձѪȻܲҲġ
ƵҲǿ֮ǰͱĹˣԺʧȥƵϹħͷͻҳ壬廹޷ơ
ƣҼסˣ
˵仰תۣʱѾǿ֮ĩȻҲ״̬Ϊ⣬һϹħͷԼͱˣϹħͷ֪Լһܹķ;ԲڶͶٸɳִ
ĴȥĶԼ
οһ֪꣬ͻȻ֣޵ֿ֮
Ȼɱƣȴòѹסʵʵͷת
ʵٶȣҪʱðգϽӳ漣ƾ˴漣ѰĻԵһȫ֮أɣ겻
ʱһԳأЦ£
ŵͬһʧʣƴʱˣв岻ƿأ޷ȥ׷
һ񣡡ۿʧҧҧ
˿֮зֻʣ֮һʵϹħͷͻȻҪɶԷͷԥһ£
һûаգУҲҪһ֡


893 ӳ
һһǧ类ѸٵӹΪٶ̫죬ӭ洵ޱңĻԪϲ˻𻨡
֮ǰȼչŷ֮ѪԪľòһЩҩԪҲѼ˲ٲĵҩƷƷҩṩԪԴһЩȻԶ˻Ǵս½
һɹʮ磬ԺвϵĹɿռͼƾŶԿռ⾳⣬ҵ漣ĳڣ
ӳˣ
һԪһ漣İǧɫֽٺϲãһ漣֮мֱΣأ
뿪òļ껹бϹħ˵Ʋ඼µһ˵ʵ֣ټԭ͵ָұ񣬶һ֪εıʲôĿ£ʱ׷ǾԵУ
֪컯˽ֵĽҲ֪컯˾Ȼش꣬δ֪ĽӲǧɫ֮󣬾ϵĶ˾֮п񱼼ۡ
ǧɫѾǵˣᳵ·ټС׺Ͷٴӣ֮гͨ裬һʱͳ˰ǧɫ
ˣ·ʱаѿ˳ɫ׹⣬Ϊ̵棬ܹʡټƷԪʯ
ǧɫĴΧģѡķһ·񱼡
ٶȣҲǱꡢơ컯ЩһһЩ֮⣬˾ͽ춼׷ҲʮֳڣԱְ˳ٶȳϮʱ䣬ֻܿ߿һԼ绮ʣȴֲ嵽ʲô
һľߣȸı䷽ר˼Ļɽǰܴ½ޱȹֶ죬ҪҵҲѣôΪ
ʱ漣껹˯ͭˣƣڵϹħͷ˺֮һңָʶ
ɱɱɱɱɱ
Ҫ𣡣
䣡
ϹħͷȻץһצԶȺɽ飬ֲⱬһ綼ҵ·ܲסϹħͷŭҪ˺һ㣡
ƾԼʶ֮УԹϹħͷʵϣϹħͷĹϵǸҰĺƿˣϹħͷͬˣΪͬһȴл
ҵ֮꣡꣡Сϵʲôһôܣ
ʥǶķʥƷƷʥ֮ϣиߵȼķȻƷʥҲڵǵɫС
һȴĬĬֻǰģʣϹħͷʱ⵽ĳش
ԣҸܲʵ壬ǺɫоǴķ֮ں޾޷ܣǵʲô
ϹħͷĿһֿ־֮ɫֱɣͬһһӶˡ
ǿ־֮ϹħͷĿӿһ̰صĶƺǹı˲Ĩȥӡǣδŵһ˵ӡʮ̣ӡ֮Уÿһ
ҪĨȥӡǵҲ򵥣־սͿɱǱȻƻꡣ
ԣӡǾͺñÿһļϸ˿ɵĴҪЩϸ˿ȴ˺ҲǲܡĨȥӡǵʱ򣬾ӡǻû屾ȳܲסˣվǳױ飬һƬޡ
Ϲħͷδ˵ĨȥӡǣȴܵõĻҲԼܹ޸꣬»ص۷ʱʵǿҲҪͨһ·
ٺãҲվԼģΪĲݣܵһЩӰ죬ʱսᣬ廹Ҫ
ΨһôӦܹʶȵȻԼ壬עһЩϹħͷǿͷḻ飬Լ۷ʱ򣬻пܵġ
ƣȻСˣƻҪʵʩȥŷұϼһȫѪҵϹħͷ˵촽壬õĶǾѪҲħħе꣬ɾѪԭ
ԡ治ɫĻصüͷһ¡
ƵķӦϹħͷЦŷұҲͰˣǴұ͸ǾŶͷ˾ˣΪŶ̫ʣƺүүɣȻʱܾѺ裬ְԼүүϼ̳ȴü㻹Į˹
ǾŶʵĶӣǾŶȴӣӵܲʡĵһҲڶĴ
һԪǧ꣬ͱĶӴһǧҲΪ棬ԻԼٶұ൱ҡ
ޱĻصүүҸﲻ֪٣ǻӣûﲻһūţûͬһһֻһϯӹһԶ֪ҲûȤ֪ܻȡŶ΢ǿôһ㣬Ϊϼǧӵüͷһ£ȻлҳԱھŶĹǰ˲ֵһᣬôþŶ£ͬʱָʮǰܴ½ʢԴҵүүԪ˼ҲȻͬġ
˵һϯʱĮɭȻϹħͷһ£̶ЦԹ޶ɷ򣬺ܺãɴӦˣǾͿʼʵʩƻɣȵϣ̿ʼʱ֣ŷұֻѣ
Ȼꡣʵŷұ컯ˣοǵıҲ컯˲԰ƣҪϣã

ʱѾɶݵıԵͷݣ˼γ봫һֱԶָı䷽򣬷ɶݳʮٽǱһʱ䣬һ˼ĻɽҰ룬ʼ䶴
⴦ɽߵȼ޲൱ĺߣ˵ûав
Ȼ֮Ӧģɽеϡޱȣ˹丮һأûϵжʮżƷԪʯҪǾ԰ȫϡҲܡ
һǹɽͨɽǰĸڣÿڲ˸ִΡһкŽУɽпһгһʯϣʼ漣֮ãͬʱ׼ɣ


894 
漣ʱ֮󣬾Ѿ˳ɵֻ漣̫ΣˣòȻսƻ򲻵УʱǱ
ʮö֪ʲôĹ֣֪ħǷ
ӳʱ򣬾͸ħⷢϢٷϺ־ȫϺȥ
컯˵˵ܴ½ʥħ½ǳˣֻмޱңԶľ룬ô˵һֱϺΣ㹻ʱ䣬Եʥħ½
ԽϺԽδ֪ĴڣȻˣҲмޣϾֻǴһĹʥ޵ѪûκοɱԣϺһЩδ֪ڣܿΣգħ⾭ḻϼһܰһЩ
еջ񶼷ʯϣһһ
ʮֻǳСţЩ·
ʮöƷԪʯÿһö񺣴Ϊֵ֮ı
һöϼ䣬ڲдϣǼ⾳˵Ϊã֮⣬ҩ԰ʮ䣬ЩպŶݼ׵̡
Щϼµĵҩ֮ǰ漣ߵ̫æûüϸЩҩóһһȴЩźķ֣ЩҩľƿУһţʮʱ䣬ҲԴʧҩЧЩѾ׷ˡ
ʮ̫꣬ԶˣЩֲҩ԰ֲܹϵĳɳƳɵҩͲˡ
ڵõƷԪʯ֮ǰǧвɼ˲ǧҩ컯˸黨裬Ǳ˲ҩͳͳֲϼ֮Уҩ԰ҪӹɣƷߵҩ˵Ʒ͵ҩҲƽϰ
ǧɼڶҩıһͨĲԾΪݣĹʵһһһµš
һʥҩϼҩ԰еκһҩ
һƷǽϼ˵źӨ͸Ĺȫʮ¾ʮʱҲûκθ࣬ڽϼ­ǵüĴһö񾧣һ߲ʱʯһɢѤĿĹâ
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жúһöƷԪʯͰ׸ļƷԪʯֻͨƷԪʯ֮һСʧȥһЩϣԶûöļƷԪʯ
öƷԪʯ沼صĻƣǽԶŻ˳лʯ̣ȻԶʯ̾ҲмϣǼƷԪʯĲ̺֮Ŵ򣬱ԴϢҲǿΪ֮Եԭ
ǼƷԪʯԼüģʼԪʯе龰񺣴ܿ˶ҪݳޣҪ֪ƷԪʯһԴȪڣһ˿񺣳ǿ߽ڵϣȴô˷ڶɳϣֱ
ȻôҲԼɣһҪһ߶ö࣬˭Ҳӻ̫ʵ
ܹһɾڶ̶һʱڳɾ磬Ϊʵ£ԭ
Ȼ̫ܻһЩ׶ˣһöƷԪʯеĴԪɣܹһ̶Щ׶ˣﵽٴȹ̸á
ƷԪʯеѸ֮Уڴͬʱ߶аѿеĳɫ׹⣬ѡڰʮһѨԪ
İУĿüĴļƷԪʯֳʮһÿһɶָϸϵѨ֮УЩѨͬҹ֮еǶ⡣
ƷԪʯе̫ˣӦ˵áݣҪ˵ӽԴ
γ֮ΪһƬ磬سγɣʱҲǱԴ
нɣֻЩɢ֮䣬γ飬ϡǣѾԶγ֮ʱľҲƿ汾Դ˶켣Ļʯֵ̼ɹԭ
ƷԪʯӽ汾Դֻٵһ˿ԴҲӸ
һڱе飬ﶼ
ճһʱʱ䣬Ѿ⣬ȫҵ״̬оԼ·ȫ壬ûаʡ
磡
һ죬öƷԪʯѿˣʧȥԭľӨһͨİ
ʱڵҲ㡣
ƿɡ
³֣ɫ׹аѿӿڵļƷԪʯ
ûԤ֮о죬ɢŵ壬ѣ廯ϸ΢ޱȵѪ뾫ԪںΪһ
ֻƬ֮ѪɫҲʧˣ峹ʧʵʧˣѽΪۿϸСӣȳСƮ֮Уϴ
ǵɣҲһδĵɣƫڴ
һδǰθӳס
ĺ֮УԼʧȴӵĸ֪ʶ壬ĸоһ̣·𻯳̬
ʱš
һ졢졢졭
ȥЩƮԪϸСſʼᣬСһ塣
ǾӨĹѪϣɫˮһѪҺܶļ⣬ϸеļ
ȻȻ羫ƷУͬʱ̺ſ͵ı
ıֱ޳˫ȣĽëڱʯһ۾̵ͦıһף徭飬Ѿﵽ
ë˸žӨĹ⻪ëףžԪ
ĿеĽҺۣȫʱ޿̲ˬĳմԡˡ
ȫγɣվںڰĿռ֮У۾ȴͬҹյ磬޷ֱӡ
һӣһƮݵĳϣɣɣ
ʱָоеԼֽţ·³һ㡣
ȻֻǴǿ߶ûʱ⣬ûŵ£ѽ飬Ҳֻѣȴǲܵġֱ۶˽Ϻףϱ۶ٳȴҪֽţ³ֱۻҪ´ͻΪߵ㡣
ܿŶݼ֮ţǾĿԵõ֫³ֻ֮֫ԭ֫һ
˵ܿǵ̥ԴﵽѪĵزֻҪ־˾Ͳֶ֣ܺѣɱϼѡ


895 ⾳
ͻ֮ȴûд뿪׼չһʱ䣬ȵͷ֮ٳأʵٽһӰȫ
õҩĵرռƷԪʯΪͻͽ¸ʵҲҪһ۳ʱ䣬ֻɷЧ߻ħҲ̰ͼΪٳɵħ߻ħԭ
оΪչ̫죬ټԲ̫࣬оԼЩԿڵԪ
ʵԭͺǿҩ̫͡һĥ£ȴҲˣΪΪչ̫ˡ
һɣһʱ͹С磡
޳ΪȻһζḶ́ʵҲỺҪһڳԸǲɵġ
׼ʱһЩ⾳ںڷ
ϧħȻϹħͷ֮꣬ȴῪħҪֵľѪ
һοħɼǿߣȻҪ񺣼ǿˡɱһ񺣴ܣٶȿħ֮ǰħеϹħͷܸȤǿ֮һƬħеƬˣϹħͷͨڰ⾳ʱ⾳Ϲħͷ⾳ļ䣬õʡȥܶ๦·
ɱǿ߾ǸˣսӡǣڶܸܵԷλãѾ漣ɣʵٽһҲܻҪɱȴףңѾ˾棬ȫͨңֻҪɵͻ׷ӡǵƣѰƵıӻһȥɱķͶˡ
ҡҡͷ뷨ͬʵ˾ͽغ˾ͽҲų⣬Щ˵鷳ңڲܡ
ôһг񺣴ܣ׼ȷ˵Էǿߣ൱ǿߵħۣҲǡѪɱԭԭ
Ѫɱԭԭħ壬ϵͬħħħ׶εʱΪʸ࣬ɵ࣬ʵᳬͬߡ
ڳɾ֮ǰȴɣ壬ʱħĲͻᱻĨƽܶɣɾ񺣣ʵܳħħۣɾ͸˵ˣսµս̣ǰսۻû񺣵ʱ򣬸ħ׼սһɱһ񿳹вˣʱʵħۣҲһս
ԶѪɱԭԭʵôģҲ൱ɳɵ۵ǿߣ̫
ȻڲܴùѪɱԭԭˣе֮·
ڵʵ㹻֮·˵֮·õħǿĵʵֻһ̨ףʱӦ㹻ʱѪɱԭԭ
ɱѪɱԭԭٶȿħϹħͷļ䣬ʱ˽Ϲħͷĵϸν֪֪ˣս
һжĺúõģʵٶȾʱ
ȡ˽ϼµ򣬿ʼ⾳
һ⾳Ϊ֮ڶ⾳Ϊ֮
֮˵׵ս壬ɭ֣ɱ
֮Ϊ׵ֿԴ壬꣬Զʱ뺣󡢴һ
⾳ѾӰ׻һЩȻ׻ȫԼ⾳Ȼ覴ãҪƣЩ
Ȥĵ⾳٣
ľˮзϵٶĽ飬Ҳ̺˷ϵ
Ƿȴģף
׵֮һգ۵ʱ䴩Խʮ룬´ܴ½ɵʥħ½ҲֻҪһĹٶȣ伫£
Ȼܴ߱ﵽٶȣֻͨе⾳Լ֮УﵽѸľ硣
ţת⾳ٶȻﵽ̶ֳȣ޷
ţ׹ӰһײҪϵѪϵ
׹Ӱ׼ȷ˵һһ׸طɼף˿Щ˿Ϊϣ۳ʮ׷Щ׷Իε֮ȫ𵽴ٶȵá
⡶׹Ӱʺң似Ļܸãʮ׷ҿԼʩչͬʱ׷١
׹Ӱüģеݣϸе⾳Ҫһµ⾳ǳѣοϵĵ⾳ѶȱǰظһΣаѿĸ֮£Ҳ־ٲάĸо
ڿ֮Уʱţһ졢졢졭
ʱôȥˣÿÿƣʱܸܵϵʥִУ·ඥ궼ܵϴһ㣬ÿÿһ̵ʱᲶ׽ɲǼУѰҵµĸ
졢ʮ졢ʮ졭ʼճڿ֮УʱĲԴ磬֪øͷԸ˼άҲࡣ
⵱ȻʥֵĹͣȻûʲôͷȴ˵ı
һֱڶʮ죬ϵļ⾳Ժγ
ʮ촥⾳ıԵٶȣȥžһУʥֵĸһ֣Ҫģڵаѿ
ںһ׻֮аѿټ϶ɺȫ֮壬ʹκϵ
ڵͬ׵֮ӡ
ڶʮһ죬еȻ˫ۣĿһںڰռ˸ʳָаѿеסѪаסι⡢׵ȵ֮Ƽָ⣬γɵ˿ɫġϽɫģָ
һһɫ˿аѿгɫ˿ȻɼԾף⼸ζɶǿֳ֮ɫ׹⻹ʣһ㣬Ҳó
׹֣һӡΪĶ̫죬˫ָֺγ˺ʵĲӰۻҡ
ٵ˿תһöصķģеڵʵνᳵ·
ݷɣ
ৣ
һںŸɫ˿׷ڰУ˲ֱӡ
ûʵ׷֮ɫɣȴֺظУ߶ۺеһ塣
գ
һ˦öݷ֮Уʧ壬ȴ׷ѾεںΪһ
ֻ׷̬պԲɼ׼ٶᵽߡ
ļ⾳ҲֻǸոսӴżҪͨԲȴҪһκܳĵ·Ҫߡ
Щ˷ܣ·;ѣֻǰԶ⡶׹Ӱطռ޴պٶֻԽԽ죬ȫ˼⾳֮²طԴﵽѸ磬˲Ϣǧĳ̶ȡ


896 ׷ɱ
һݷ֮編ƣʮһݷγΣȫ֮У׹Ӱʽ޳ɣ
ļ⾳һУϾźͽ飬ŷұ֣ҲȫˣͱϹħͷƵĻȴûܵİա
ŷұ춼׼µһ˵ʵ컯˱ǿһЩǵв֣˵ף컯Ҳ׼µһ˵ʵ
ͱϹħͷƣȴӵµһ˵ʵ컯˲оıƣȻС
ţ֪ǣŷұʱѾԶˡ
һȫİ֮Уʮǿվڴɫ԰ףͷð亹
ǰˣһ꣬ںɫϣȻȻɢһ˵ƣ֮еǿ
꣬ơ
ֱߣһ꣬ϹааЦݣʮӣǰ
漣֮ϹħͷСܣϹħͷϣȻҲóơ
˵ƣ·ʮǿߺµԭ֮һȴҪԭ򣬸ŵͷ亹ǣƵı̼ܣÿ̼ܶ˶ߣ̼ͨں޹⣬а߰⼣Ѫɺµİɫߵ㡣
̼һִķһ㣬Ƶг˴ô֣֮⣬̡ÿһɱˣ·涤޾Ķħ
ʱ̼ϣֱһߣ߶ϽֻۣĵرƳϽѾ𲻿ʧȥ˻ߵϡ
˸Ŀ̽ߵùǺ˫ǣǵһţ֮⣬̲ߵҪѨסǵȫЩ·ǻһ㣬ϣ˱һεεľѪѪջ۵һ׹֮У˰ɫһС̲
߾ܴ߳½ǧ꣬ĴҪΪ֮ķŷұ죡
ǵĻƿصټǱ׼µһ˵ʵ޲ŷɥǿʱսս˾ͽ֮Ҳмɵ
Ǿܴ½ףվڽȴͬϳ۵һ̼ϣ£ɫң˫ĿŴıԴѪǵ֮Ѿ΢·ʱϨһ㡣
һеˣϵƺ꣡β˾ͽˣĻҲᱻֱɱ
ʱ˾ͽȷʵҲʮǿߵĶ֮Уζû뵽ƻصôֱ޷ݣΪǸȴûķţҲΪһ죬һǧˣûʲôõģ˭ϵգ졪Ƶ游ͱסȫΪ̼ϳȡѪ
ԭ˾ͽɵֻڵȣȻʧɫʲôˡ
˾ͽ֮⣬һ˵ɫΪҰܣξŶʣҲƵסΡ
ϵƣ޷ǰһġ
Ȼ֪ƲصúҲԼԼ֪ƻһԵδһ죬ֱһ㡣
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һƬĬûһ˿˵ֻа׹оѪžણžણڶޱŷұľѪ
סڶ
ͻȻ̧ͷЦЦĿΡ
κεȻոռ̳ʻλ꣬ûµƣƹܴ½һƽʱˣҲ棬ڣȴΪһ˶˻ԼĶӣʵƸĳ̫ˡ
㡭ӣ㡭ȻҪɱ游ֱزݣȻ˵ɫ˭ûаֵֻɫˣʵƴѹơ
ߣزݣɱӾ˳Ӧ߱زݣüһķ֮ɫΣڱҳ֣˵ϻĻһܾ㼸֣ϧں£ҲͰˣҪ˵ղǷϻԼп־壬άǿɱα棬ʧ
һģѪֱĵطȷʵں£ķƣƶҵºܵ˶Դ죬ôɱҲ׹һЦĸ֮ھֻǸ̰ˣ
һ˵ƣɫҰףָⶼڲƫƫʲôΪһȥսƣǽ֪ȻʵٱһΣҰܺã
Ƶĺô
һ̣θе˴δй裬ºܵ棬µһʣԼĶƵ̶ֳȴֱֻܴ裡
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治ʶ֡ҡҡͷЩмӢ֣һֺηΪڣϵɽ͹ȡ壬ɱʣ壡ڶ죬ޣ֮ܿ裬֮ʳ̣֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮£ˣֵͬ塣
ƻ˵֪ⷬǵڶˣܵЩ裬춼
ƣ㵽ô
ۿαƱƵ·ߣ˾ͽͻȻ̤һֱơ
һǿǿǿǿ˵ʵΪͬǿ֮ʵʵ̫˾ͽء˾ͽˣǰԲƣοټǸ֣꣬޵УѾӵܴ½ʱ˾ͽ첻ò
Ŀ⻷ˣĿ˾ͽϣһһٵ˵˳߲ĴԱԭĹ磬Ҳ沢˱ҵΥɱ⣡
˵꣬һεսɵĶʮ׷ӡڳǿڣϹħͷ廹ʱս龳ߣﵽ˰ԲսӡǵȻڻ¡
㡭ʲô
׷ӡǣѵһ˲ɣЦţһ仰˵ڳңһӡӡΪūˣһƣĺҲᱻ׷ɱǶʮҲûã
ڣҷһˣ׷鵽˲ҪԶ֣֪ҼɣҿԴõɣͬʱ򹦷鵤
׷ɱ
һȫ߶һڿˮû뵽һ
ûԸˣػɣͬʱõ򹦷鵤ĻȷʵǼջ


897 Ŀ֮꣬·
ܴ½̫Ϲħͷֶͨ죬Ҳû취ѱܴ½ÿһ䣬οǶɽ֮Уչز
ͨһֱţֱһ֮
䣡
ھĴһٶһ̵ɽ֮УһɽͻȻ·һ㣬Ϣ֮ɽȻը׹ҫʣ
һ£ʵɽг
ĿʮŶʮͣȻˡ
һһֱչؿޣȻΪû̫࣬ʵԪҲ֮ǰΪΪͻͽֵһЩ׶ˡ
ʱ䡢ռ䡢⾳һ⾳Ľ
ʮöȫԵһööϵϵ·Ҳ͸
ұչһʱ䣬ΪȻͣ۷壬ʵ˽һˣȫԽ֮ɱ
˸ɵľѪħȴѹסͷ
Ҿȥʥħ½ҵҪѪɱԭԭ
һҲۣչٶȣ쭳ȥ
ʮݷںХϿԼٶȴﵽĵزͬһһ㣬ֱ˺ѿγ˿µԶԶͬס
µɭ֣ɶʱĿ·ѹȥľ׷ױѹϣ޲ֻӴܣ
ٶȣĸоھ˴һ
һºħ۹ǧ֮ħϣֻħһƷֻ꣬ħ껹ھִ֣һʱ䣬Ѿ󺣲֪ôȥĻεʥħ½
УˮɴʮгʳԴһЩ֮øǿһЩ
һаðɣʵħҪΪ˴Ϣ㡣
ţõúܣʥ£㻹ʲôĵģ¸¸¡ħЦţҪ飬ѪڣǸϽɣӶȲˣһ£г𱨳ԹԹģѪɱԭ֪֪ǵ
ħ⵽ΧʱħѾս˲ʵˣֻܴССģΨ־ѪɱԭԭΪ֮·ݰūͣ˵ֻǼװƣҲĸħ޷ܡ
һҪ׷й
ν֮·Ĵȥ˭ţ
ΪѪɱԭħ塢塢ħƿأΪ˱֤Ѫɱԭͳߵ棬ϸžʮħ࣬߳ɳħͻ֮·ǳ룡
Ҫħ֣˵֮·Ѿ˱˿Ƶūˣ
ǣǴȥ˭ţ˭Ҳӿһɺ飡
ڴ֮ǰȻʵܿ죬ʥħ½ܴ½ıΪǿҲûվ߲ΣɱҪˡ
ڣȴķǿߣλܴ½ʥħ½Ķ㡣
а򲻹ƾڳٶȣȴδزȫˡ
˵ڵܴ½ʥħ½Ѿвˣ
̤Ƶǧ磬һ̣ʧڰãã֮С

ʥħ½Ѫɱԭ
Ѫɱԭӵʮʷʥħ½ɱ¾ߵãﲻɷŨأûйֻҪʵ洦ɱˡ
ǣһƬ֮أԸɺ͸ߵȼħϵߣѪɱԭ֮󣬶Ī䣬ձôѪɱԭħۣգʷصħۣͳʮ֮ࡣ
ħѪɱԭɣһ⣬Ǿǻʮħõɱˡ
ҲΨһѪɱԭ䷨вѪɱԭͳβˣǰսۣһѪɱԭԭʳѰΪս̫ǿˣڸָʥħ½սҲ޵С
Ȼ˰ս⣬ɾʮħ໹һǾ
ʱѪɱԭһѪɫ֮Уһɫս׵ĸߴħӴ󵶽֮ϣһƱĺţƱʺҺ壬ѪҺ
ħӣѪɱԭԭħɱ֮

һİĴǴĹâ
ѪɱԭԭһץͨϢüͷ΢壬ôѪɱԭһֱ׷ȴ޽Ҳһ
ˣ·ƾðƾˣҷеĹϵȻȫ鲻ͳ
Ѫɱԭԭ۾һ˿ɱƱ飬ʺѪҺһء˵ɱĶӣ㲻ԭҲһҪɱΪɾʮħպɽѪɱԭɲٶһսۡ
뽫вɱҡ֮УΪµһʥϧϾֻҪûгɾʮħǿ˭Ҳ̤Ѫɱԭʥܰô
ţȥڣѾ޳һɣΪ츳ˣʵԶͬߣ൱ɵߣٹʮ꣬սͿķǿߣҵʱ䲻ˡ


898 ܵ
Ѫɱԭͨ
ѪɱԭһʮǣͨǣѪɱԭʮǿһ
ľȺǳ
Թ߳Ŀģ츳ҲǿһʮļͨʮѣͨҲҪȼͨǿ
Ȼ˵һжǸƣߵĴ֮ǰ߽ǧɣǧɸߵľ֮ϣܸǧɣֱ̫죬֡
ĴŸߴʮɶ࣬һ޴ͭӣÿһһĴôһиʮа˾ʮˣ
ſڣվžħÿһǾӣ̻ԭΪʹﵽħǸߴһɶߣԼȫɫıף͸һĪѹ˸Ŷҽ
վסʾѪɱ
ħֳִִսꪣսһסȥ·ѪɱǵõдšѪɱԭԼںϣͻγɷ֮ԴԴΪɱ˻ɷħ
ħѾʮƽʱڣɱʽ֣ûʮħоʹžħϲʵҲߡ
ÿ
ŲͣǰߣһεɢѹƣʱִĸоǻûӦѾУҪƿѪɱԭĴš
㣡󵨡
Ϊ׵ոպ⼸֣һ仰û˵꣬ȴʱסˣ۾ɵøͭһһĲ֮ɫ
һ̣˾ʮأҪزܿĴͭţͱͽƿ
ͭźĻس֣ΪǿбƶˡǡظĿɿڴ
⡭ʲôˣ
ʧɫˣֱһ㣡
죬֪ͨһִ´ˣ
ЩȻֱӸԻҪִͨµĲ㴫ݡ
ͨϢʱѾͨһ͵ڶĴС
䣡
ֲıֱӱãվڴУпǿƴͣػ󷨵ִȴȫɵˡ
ƺЩ죬û˭
ʵϣǰѪɱԭԭѪɱԭͨͨ˰δѾȷ뿪Ѫɱԭ㽫Χתʥħ½ѪɱԭͨҲĳˡ
ѪɱԭԱԺܴ󣬺ܶ˶ŽѪɱԭϵǰִ£ͨɣ壬òøҲԭķ÷Ʈݳһʱ޷ϳ
˭뵽ȻеѪɱԭ£
һִ²ִϱʱѾߵѪɱԭĴ
㾹ȻѪɱԭ£㲻֪ôд𣿡
㴫ִһħˣֳִ󸫣绨һ㣬һΪһħϵͲԼ˽⣬ټΪܸߣϢϲ
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ħִŭգһȻֻ顱һ죬ûһ£Ǿħִȴͬһڵһ˳ȥѣѪһ˦ȥʮɾ룬صײǽϣס˸߰˰ˣ֪ˡ
һ£סˣǾħִ¿һħ൱ǿߣҪǿһЩһħһ˲䱻Ǹûһ£ʲôʵ
ǿߣѵǿߣǲΪƣһֵ˵
ôܣǿ߽Ѫɱԭ⵽䣬֮أû˭ôϧԼһħִһڷ
ӦΪʵɰˣ˵ɣǿߣҲ
ͨЩʮͨǿģǰļȫѹǿߣҪţǻҪţοʮͨǿĴڣѪɱԭԭ
ȸȴɱǵʧְ֮
ǰ֮Щִ¿ɲҳֶԸ
Ըܿ죬Ǿͳˣһ־Ϊ׵ڶڵһûг֣ȻյϢֻǾѾ㹻ԼûбҪ֡һǿ¾ǵ㳲Ҳ̫Сˣ㴦Ҳûӡ
ˣ
СˣǵſϷͺˣЩִǼæܣҪֹܣǵȻͲˡ
ʲôˣڶɲЩִ£ǿһۿʵˣɲ⡣һưˣ˵ʲôϻ
ĿͣһЩɲħ֮вμӣǴɱˣûм
Ҫ֮·ÿ
ʲô֮·ô˵ʱһЦͺñһؤͻȻ˻ʹʵ˵ҪʹѰһֱдΪ˭֮·ѪɱԭߵȼؾҲ˵ͽģ˵һˣһ·ɱΪħ֮һƾݣҲ֮·
磬ϻʲô˾ģ
ȷʵǸɵƣҪ֮·ָ·ſʶñһūӡǿȥ
ĳЦ֮·ʮǰϹżʲôʱǵˣ
ߣ׳ûʲô˵ˣһϣ˲򵥣ǼɷȫԸ
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һ𱩺һһħӰʮħڣ
ѪɱԭĹأɾʮħΪܴﵽʮħڣᱻǿɢȥһЩɷ
ʵû涨ʮħɾʮħҲܣΪҪһҪɱɷУôɱ
֣
ӰħӰҲһֹǵص
δʮħӰɱʱҲһħӰʮħһѪɫĳչǺȻǡʮħ
ʮħɱı壬ħӰ󣬿ֲɷѪˣֱ
ʲô
ʮħôܣ

ͬʱҺ֮һ̣ǸоԼħӰһɾ޴ĳߣ˱ȡ˼˺˱ʹ
ҵħ
ҵɷ
ҽ˷ħӰչʮȻɨγһѪɫУʮħȫǺɫУ鿪ɷʮħյ
ۣ
ͬʱѪ嵹ɳȥصˤڵϣϡʼգûһ


899 ֮·
ħӲİᣬʵͬʱѾԪҲûˣ˷ˡ
ɱǿ֮ն
ѹȵ˵塢Ԫࡢꡣ
ɱն˵֮Դ
ʲôֻ֪Լ֪ǿһ߽ϣγħɱ񺣴ܣ
ħܿħеǸйأ۵ΪѾɴ⣬ǳԽһĳ
һͷ·һС£ǰѾӵ㹻ʵҪ֮·Ǿֱ߽ȥɱ񣬷ɱ
߶ЩԭΧŵȷһɱ⡭⻹ֱԨĶħֶħǾȻһʼΧɱԷһֹ͡
ۿǾͷܵûУִڣһͷɱǣٶٿʮٱӲ
һ֫ʵõ˸ɴ̱˵ϣȵ߹ȥһɫѾƵˡ
ǡǸʮħȻʮħ
ʮǴ˵еĴڣҲɵĴڣ˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼʮħ
ǰԭͨȻػѪɱԭ
̹Ȼ̤Ĳ㣬ûܵκһɱʱ˭иɱҲһգ۵顣
㣡֮·Ѿܽˡ
ʱֵϢҲѾѪɱԭԭ
飡
ѪɱԭԭµֱӱƬȻһΪ޳ͨڱ֮ˣֱЦҾ֪֪ʲôо֮ܣ
Ѫɱԭ뿪ʱΪֻڶѣʱܴɱŵĻϣŴξԵôһ˿ܡ
Ѫɱԭԭ죬ﵽһɣڵ츳ʵѾﵽɵļĶ֣һ˲ɱǸʲô
ϾѪɱԭﵽɻħļ𣬷һ䡣
ѪɱԭԭȼһŴ뿪Ѫɷչȫȥ
ʲôʱ䣿֮ܽ·ʲôӣ֮УӵѪɱԭԭĴӶˡ
ʵȻʮǿö࣬ҲԴﲻһɱĳ̶ȣһ
ֱдӸֹȥð
ƽʱ첻µز£ֲɵȴ̲סֿˡѪɱԭԭѪɷϹҲҪһӵĹһӣôܣ
ԭǲΪĻᱻõġߣһħ˵ĸ
ȷʵѪɱԭԭʮֲбΥ³ǳҡ
٣ǵ˰˱ѪùСӵʵʵ֪ж٣ܸ׼ˣȥʱ䣡
ֵģҲֻӲͷƤȥ֮·
Ȼߵ֮·¡һ죬յ֮·ĽƱһǹ俪ˣ
ЩսǺȥģͨԭеĽƣзʵҲûǿƿ
ˣЩƵļ̶̳Ҳզ࣬ô׵˺ľ
ºɤӺԵÿŭȻֻһĿɨ̺ı֮ʱȫƺ궼ˡ
ɱնûп߶Ҳܹܵġ
סϻһȴ˵ˣһڿˮѵ˵㡭㲻֪֮·󷨵ķû취ȥġ
˵䣬˼˵һ㰲ȫľ룬ֻǸһЩοˣҪɱһҲҪ
ôڸ֪֮·󷨷ʱƵӣһʱ򲻿ӦһѪɱԭԭʱȴѾת֮·ķ󣬶áǡ죬ڱ⿪
ʲô
һڿˮ۾ɵùԲ޻˵ˣֱһ㡣
ʵ֮·ԭеֻһ򵥵ŰˣǷ˽װһͨţͲѿʮͨ˶ܽÿο
ǽСĹ򣬵֮·֮űˣݵѪɫ̳һ˿ѪɫĹâûˡ
ļĸ۵СۣȴҲ޿κΣ֮·ͬһʱֻһ˽ȥȥˣȥ׷ֻܵ
ҴҷһѪɱԭԭֻܵųѪɱԭԭŭ
һ֮˼֮źһ죬·һ޴ıըѪɱԭԭǣҴʮһϽȥӭӡ
Ѫɱԭԭ˫ĿһɱĴ㣬ʵϹ⵽Ĵʵ֮Ҳûָ
Ϊ֮·󣬾ܷʳƵۣʵ̫ˣѪɱԭԭǷһ˿ЦΪ֮ͨ·ܷʳƵۣΪ֮·ô̫ͨļˣҲٵȸʮΪﵽɵʱҲûֹ֮ͨ·ܹȥţ֮λôӣ
һ˰ս۵ȼ֮⣬û֮ͨ·ѪɱԭԭҲû֮ͨ·Ҫ㹻ʵҪǻõ֮·Ͽɣ˭ܹȥġ
ѪɱԭԭȻỳ츳Ϊ̫ˣŹȥʱ䣬ʮѡ
츳õ֮·ϿɣʵҲ
ˣ󣬵ȵ֮·ʱڣѪɱԭԭ֮󣬱ڵ֮·ǰ£Ŀ񣬽Լ״̬
ȥҪҪԳ֣ػɱ
ʱڵ֮·Уվһڴһģһĺɫ̳ϣǰһһɿıֱջջ֮·һڰУֱ죬·һֱڰľͷ;ûκ֧ţջ֮¾Ԩףһֱħӣһȥͻ֮Уٲ
ջԣÿʮɾ룬һŵƻ𣬺ʯ̵ĵͬڰУһص֧ţսʱԹ־ƻ֮·


900 ս
ʱ꣬ٶ̤ϵ֮·־ƻÿʮɾһյɫĻ滺ȼգѾȼʮĹȴɲ𣬷·һֱȼȥ
ÿһյƻ£ƿһФ񣬶Ӧһ绪ЩҪôǵۼǿߣҪôɳɾ͵ۼǿߵľ콾ֻڳɳھˡ
ÿһ̤֮·Ľܳ󶼻ᱻԶӡ·һ㡣
صĵ֮·֪˭

ÿһյƻȻϨ𣬶ЩϨĵƻ𣬶زǣǵ־Աǰʼо־ѹ
ৡ
һϹһյ־ƻзо뿪һ־磬ϹŴܵ־磬Եۼǿߵսѹ
ɱɱɱ
һһɸߵĶħֳսɱս졣
Ų˫Ŀһâಣ
һɫ񽣴üĴֱӽǶħͬȫ
ǣ
־٣ΡȻʵ̫ˡ˵ЩѾǾʮʱ˵ս飬Щս۸ҲȫĶ֡

ƻϨһյ־ƻ
һγֵһܣ־֮ǰĶħǿһ㣬Ȼ˵ֻһֻϺһֻͬ˲ɱ
꣡
ɫ־֮ϵһ鿪һ־磡û˭սܸһغϡ
ս飬ǿ൱ټܴ½ȫ
ǰ޿赲赲죬Ѿţ֮ƴɱĹ־꣬Ҳһûκβͬĵط
ǰƻһյյϨ˵һյʱߵ˵֮·ķֲ㣬ԭһ޷ͨǰ޾ڰĵ֮·Ϊֱͨͬǰ
ǰ֮·ϣɵȼһյյƻ𣬶һ֮·Χһʯ
ֱ־ƻ֮·͵ʯ֮·
ѡķֲ㣬߼ֲĻͻǰ֣ǰѡ񣬲һ
ǰѡ־ƻ֮·񡢶ľȺǣǵѡ˵ʯ֮·
Ȼ־ƻ֮·ϲûܳãȻս飬İˣ־ƻ֮·ϵ־ѹѸû֪ᵽôֲĳ̶ȡ
Σٴѡ޷˵̤־ƻ֮·뿴Լڵİս鵽̤һ
̤ϵ֮·ʱеһӴѹ־ѹ²⣬ǵһֱʽĵʲôӣ
ħƫڶʵѹƣ־磬־겻ǿĻڵ¾ͻֱӱʶΪʬ⡣
־ƻ֮·ĵһ磬ԵĶһħ۵ս飬ս֮У̺ħ۵һƲл֮꣬ǰ־ܹġ
ǰҲԹս飬ɱû˿֮ղò˳֮·
ৣ
־֮˸Էһ飬Ȼûơ
ţ־ڵƺõһЩǿӦóŲҵһ
ɫ־֮ٴλӳֻһ־峹ױ𣬻ս顣
֮·ȷʵ棬ɱϴڵ֮·ûɱս飬ҸоԼ־ǿôһ֣ôȥܿͻưСˡ
ԭɣսΪѾʮֽӽСɣͻֻʱ⣬ڱ֮·ھǱͻƾǰ
һһ磬һյյ־ƻ𶼱־֮նû赲ĽŲʱѾյ־ƻǰ־ƻԽԽʢ·ҪһСǰһյƻĻɫˣڻĽĿ⡣
ս飿
־·һĴӰһ£Ѿ˰ս鼶ˣ
֮·֮·ķ绪֮еЩˣǵĳɾͿɲֹڣ
رЩʮǰǿǣǵսҲڵ֮·УﵽΪ档
ɱ
ȫ˸Ĵֳؽһ־֮
꣡
־֮صײһо֮һȴûһԷն
ǿ־ʮʱ䣬־ôǿӦһԽ񺣾ľǿߡ
ǳ֮
һתս黯ǳƬһɫ־ȥ־磬Թκ̬ʽ
磡
䣬һĽײ籩꣬
ɫĵսײʮУȽԷ־嶼һֱʮУĥԷ־ȫն
ɫս黯˾־ӿ壬һ˲䣬оԼľ֮У·һһֱ谭ԼˣսΧȻսøʵһǹ޶£ɭǹâӱˣ񲻿ɵ
սСɣ
ϲؾͰСɣ㵽ɳɾͻƽս飬񺣾ܴﵽƽս飡֮·ܹսǱ֮ǰΪչ̫죬սĳɳûܸϣȻǱûһֱûܴﵽСɣǵ֮·Ҫüʱ䲻ϵĴ־ܽЩǱͷšľ֮Уħķֻ˵
սǱܵĶ٣˾ųȻҲĵرֱսǱܣͱ׾ĵرмС
Ǳܶˣδÿ߶ȫͷЩǱܣҪսףҪϵʱ䡣
սԽǵ˺棬ɳԽף㣬Ǳ궼δͷŵꡣ
ߵ꣬塢Ѫ֮֮𶼻˥Ψս鲻ᣬ˾ͽѾнľսϵĳɾȴҪܶš
սǱ޴󣬵ȴȱ֮·սѳ
Щ־ƻ֮·ڴԽ棬Ե־Խǿ󣬶սҲٶȳɳ
ʱţתۼ¹ȥµʱȫ־սУһʼս鶼һɱ£ٵڣѾʼ־ƻеսѹˡ
ǰڶһʮյ־ƻ˶ʮʱ䣬˲֪ٴΣǿ֮ɱ
һյ
³һɫΪ־Ķ΢΢԰ףԭƣĿ⣬Ӵյ־ƻµĸӰʱʱԲ۾
ڶһʮյ־ƻ𡪡ħʼۣ
ħʼۡȻħۣ㵣ħȫסˡ


901 ֮·
ħۣܴ½ʥħ½߰ǰķƷħ۹֮µһˣʵԶڵ컯˺ˣµĴУǴֻħдеһСְˡ
Ȼ˵־ƻ𡭡ħ૵˵ܵ־ƻеϢħɡ
ӡħ̫õʱ䣬ͻȻϤϢѹпǧ
ȥɡоԼѾָĲˣȻħ۵־硣
һƬçƽԭ¶ĺɫأĴǡ
ɱ
ո䶨Ÿ͸оޱȺƴֲ鲼أ־ƺܲסŰ̻̲
֮Уܶһ£Ҫת־֮ʱͫȻһɫâֱüĶ
ƽս飡

־ıѪ꣬
ðԵƣȻ飬־Լǿδһʮֵʵϣһν֮·ʱ֪ٴ־类˱־壬֮־ب棬ӵлƽս飬Ͼ㱾ǰȴɱң
־˳ɱ־ʵˣ˫Ŀŷһâһ̣建
ţбϢ˭
ǰһߴħӰһߵߣãòһƬʵĽ֮Уһ
߸ߵڿУǿѹɢѹʵһǿΪﵽһ磬Ϊڵ㹻ǿ󣬾ͻȻȻγ޷ֱӡ
ħ֮ǰﵽľѾԴ⣬ΪﵽڶԳܶԷѹ
ڣеħӰֻ־壬İս־ѹȴû⡣
ɣս飿ħͫеƮɫĻ棬Ȼ޷ţϣĸܵһԼϢ㾿˭
ûڣϾͷֳһɫӰӣ
ˣҡħⰡǵôħۺ͵˫ѹֻһħ֧ţԵĲټħۣǼǾ¡
ħ⡭
ħ۷·߳Ļ֮Уħ۵ֻ꣬ǴһЩӡǺͲȱĲл꣬ûеһʱħ⡣
Ҽˡܷʥһսһ䣬û뵽гһաܿƬءħͷ죬ţһʱֻɱ⣬ղţѾָ˼ǡ
ħ۱ϾħֻۣһƲл꣬Ҳһҡ
ǡ
ħͻȻʵһ㵣֪ԼĶ
ʵǰڵ֮·˯־ƻ֮С
־ƻ𡭡֮·ħ¶˼ı飬þ֮ڼˣ֮·ˣֻ·ǣ
ֻ·һֻĪһݣʲôֻ·
Ԫֻ·ħ˵ﳤ̾һֻֻأԪǿ֮һıߣϧУվδɵ
ħͻȻĸп©һģԪ
ѵǿŴ֮ĵˣ
֮·ıΪֻ·
һ֮·ޱȣнеʾ֮󶼻һյ־ƻ𣬵ƻ֮£γɱ˵Ф񸡵֮£ޱˡ
ħ۳Ƶ֮·Ϊֻ·ĸо֮·ħӺ漣֮ƺغһܣ
ǣԪΪλήٵܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棬ѵλʲôԲɣ
Ȳʵǰʾֻ·ʲô
ֻءֻأħ֣ƺ޷ƽνֻأ󣬿ת֮УȻʵֻǸ˵ֻߣԶŵʱֻأڣȴûˣ
ʲôд󾪣ֻǷڣһֱɣ˭Ҳ˵Ĳڣ󣬶˼Լ꣬ϣҪɢܴ䣬һֻصϣ
ħĳǼΪ񶾵ɱ˷֮ǰħʹȼµ֮Ҳǲ򲻵򲻻ʹõĽʽ
ΪЩ֮עֻأڣȴħۿе֪󣬲ֻأβ𺳡
ߣֻؾģһ˵ſֻأȴûУϰУᱻǴʶֻأ֮ʱ棬Ϊޣ
δлָħ۵ڶǾ˵ˡ
˿ֻأϰУʶֻأ
ϰ䣬ѵעһ·Ƹۣˮһս۷壬עҷ𣿿Թ۷壬ͬڵôУмˣ
ûĸߣͻȻħⷬۻе𺳣еĪĿ־壬־ᶨҲˣ
ٺ٣С˵һвǲ²ѣ˭ҲȷЩ²⣬Ҳ֮һµĵ֮·ǻԪֻ·ֻ·ȪӣҪΪǧߴֻ֮ϧվʧܡ
ʲôȻǧжλ棬ֱôǧж٣Ҫáɳݡ
Ϊô˴ֻ֮ǺεǣԪ𵽵״ﵽʲô磿
ǰ˵ȪӣħеĻȪ֮ӣ
Ȫ֮ӣħ۵ͷߵһԪһͻɢ޷࣬겻ֻأϵ뵽֮УǽжᣬֻأһעҪ
Ψһܽľ־Ҳս飬ǿս飬Դǧ֮ãԪֻ·ֻ·־þӡǳ־֮Уγ־ƻ÷棡ֻ֮ã
ֻ·ʵһֻûмΰˣΣĿֻܴ֮սؾӡǣﵽֻصĿģҲ˵ԪҲֻսֻأĴﵽһĿģȴһ·ҪߣȻվδ죡
ħ˵ﳤ̾һƺΪһ۵ʧܶп
ħ۽˵һȴ糿ĺģĪû뵽֮·ڵԭģ
ǰ֪ԪΪʲôʧܡ
֪ħҡͷ
ôԪΪʲôֻ·ǧ֮һʥħ½λ棬Ǵ򣿡
֪ħٴҡͷС֪ĶѾˣıҲ֪ңΪбϢ
ħһʣ©˰ģ˵Լħ۵Ƭ᲻ᱻ


902 ɻ
ħѯʣħһ仰˵ʵȻħ۵Լޣλߣħ۷ʱʵħϲսҲǺ׶ѡ
΢΢ǰˡܻش𡣡
ħۣʵǰħӰֻһħ۵־һħ۵ĲлˣӡǶʧȥ˾ųɶ࣬Ѿʧȥв
Ȼ־ɲħ־Ķ֣ȴ˳磬Ա
شħ۸ҪΪħƷ󳬼ᣬ֪ԼϵĻȴǴ顣
𡭡㲻˵ȴҲܲµ֣ħ⵱뱾һ𣬱ħ֮Уȴ㣬ЩԨԴɣߣ
ħһߣʵ̺żĲʣ꣬ڤӵĴһɱܷʥأʲôûõħ۶֪ħʲôӵЩʲôܣħĴڱһգڤӶȻǵõһЩϢŻỨôĴۣôֳᣬܶ𶼲֪
ݻԵȴܱǰһõˣ˵ǲܵġ
˼ʵˣɱӵаս飬ʵ񣬷˫ޣѾŶݼף꣬óһٱ֮·Ȼͨ־ƻҲϨһһʮյ֮𣡡ħ˵ﳤ̾һܳɳȵزѾ޷ŶֽͣȻдԵȻлԵͬʱдǻ۲УûʲôԵܱһߵ۷塣
½ߣͱߵܴͣ½ʥħ½ΪʮǰĽѣΪǧǧеµ֮һһʣֺο䵽˵زǱɢȥΪɣ˴ʱ䣬ھɲʥҲܳɾ׼ʥ
ħ۵˲ģһɢȥΪɣ
ûɳɾ񺣣ܴ½ٮٮߣǷȴûʲôϡ棬עǱޣΨһİ취ɢȥΪɣ
ħ۵һĿģѳɣѾ޳񺣣ȴɢȥΪ߶·ҲΪħȡ˲ĳɾͣʵ̫ǿˣܴ½ʱҲԵ
˿ħۣµҲͬľ½ߵĿ
Լʵô·
ˣˣϾҲǳʥħ½λߣҲ뱾ͬԴѾƲл־õļ䶼ֲסĴб̳УҲ㱾İˣڶʮʱ˾磬δȻһ⻹ʲôҪϼ̳йħĳִԵƾôһϣΪʥ
ʱܼ̳лԪ־ֻ֮ȴߵĸս飬ͽƿصĵƻ־ɣ
ħ˵塰һ飬ɵɫĹιȫ־֮Уս顣
о֮ǹսΧŨսѸߣŨһ̶ȣٶʱ̤սɡ
֮еڵ֮·ħ۵壬֮·ԭҪһܹս鲻Ϊ档
ɢҲ˳ħ۵־磬ħۣ澳£ɢȥΪɣȴߵȾ磬һܣֻϧȴ̾
ĸпħȴĬټԼˣпǧ
ûоκ͹ħ۵־ƻ𣬶ħӺ漣֮Ҳһŵʶ
ǰȴ֣ħ۵־ƻ֮󣬾ֻʣյ־ƻˡ
յ־ƻյǰ־ƻöܻ࣬һ㣬һռ䡣
ǰĵ·ϣȻһɸߵʯһйԵĴ֣ÿֶжռʯĴ룬дģ϶ſ
ƺǺ˭Ϊʷ飡
ʮĸ֣ʷ֮ɢһɲçۻƣ˿һ۾ʧĸоӵаս飬Ҳֱӡ
˿˲Ծıʷ棬ѵħ˵ĻԪµıʼ
һٿ֮·ͷյȼյ־ƻĪĴһ£һյƻ᲻ǻԪµս飬Ǹǿʲô̶ȣ
ԪҪֻ֮ӦҲԼһ˿ֻصɣ
һյʢ־ƻǰǰյƻ˭µأ

ڵ֮·⣬ͨڣĸæµţһ֧֧ɫ죬ڲô
ÿһ춼īɭɭ·ĶԨбܼһ㣡
һʮ棬죬Ŀռ䱻ǧԹˣһɹħȼû˸޷ƽ
ߣɻʮ첼ÿһ춼൱һƷѹ۵̸Ʒʮ죬֪˶پȡԨ֮𣬷ղżһټϱ֣񺣺ǿҲҪޣóԸ㣬ȥ˵ҲԺˣ
ѪɱԭԭϷһ˿ЦɻʵֻһΪ̫ʱ䣬ҪµĹ򣬸Ͳ
ƽʱɻѪɷػѪɱԭսˣȻУҲ֧һѪɱԭԭ㹻ʱӶݡ
Ѫɱԭԭѹ׵ıֶΣȴȫ׵İɱ
ʨӲȫѪɱԭԭֶξǶžôһĻ֮ͨ·ĳΪǿˡ
ɻ󣬾һ򲽣ķۣҲһոշ۸񺣺ǿ߲޴ɻк޷֮
ߣһΪ֮ͨ·ΣͨʵսķʳƵ۵ǿΣţǱ뺣̶ʮ֮ұ𣬱Ҫâڣ㼱ͼ֮·ʵȴѰ·𲻳ȫͶԲˣ
ʮʱ䣬ĸڲɻ󣬶ضĸ򣬸һڱѪʱХ̶
³Ѫĸ߶Щɫ԰ףѪ³һڶԪΪ˱֤ɱɹѪɱԭԭѾ伫ˡ
ȷʵѾɱĻˣ˿пʱֻƶˣʲôܵı£һˣ򲻿ץסˡ
ú֮ѪɱԭԭУ粽룬ʱȥˣ֮·ûа㶯
Ѫɱԭԭû˿ʧȥԵ˼һν֮·ȥ߸£βֻãһֱأȴһ
һαչؾʮ꣬ʮħۼǿ˵ôʱʲô


903 Ů
䣡
ڵ֮·־磬־һ⣬ײǰһɫ֮ϣҵײķѣ
飡
һ׹⣬ռ֮֮ʱ䷨һкȫǽɫ棡
ǣ
ƽһƣ㶷Уϵĳϵѣ־ʮΣʽþӲĥǰĻƽ
ˣ־ֻоͷۻŲ鸡·һ֮͸֧ʱ龰
һյħۺ־ƻʱ䣡
ʱ޿̲սƽսɱȻʮǰǰľħۻҪߣ־ûзء
ǿ־̲Σ飬սһһĴĥŽԷУ
սĹУÿһ־飬ƺս鶼õһʱ䣬սʵӷͻưɵơ
սñһ˱ǹòϡ󷨶ϵеϵȣֻû档
ˣǱ޴ȴ㣬û̫ⲻͣսǽĥ¡ĥḶ́սѸų˵Ĺ⻪
¼䣬սõĥ£¾֮·ˣǳ֣ܱ֮Ĵڡ
ƽս֮󣬻ɾս飬֮УǹսΧֵԽԽŨأҺεơ
ھɣֻǸһ޵ıĤ·ʱͻơ
ʱ־ƻ𣬻ʣյ
֮·ĺ󷽣ص³һ⵹ڶյƻ𣬻տɫһյƻ־ݽȥ̲ĺһ㣬ƻ̺һʥϢƽȴ˾η
Ϣ⣬Լ״̬ѡ
Ȼɫƻ־硣
Ƭ־羹ȻĺףտĺˮıʯˮһС㣬ȴ֪Щ㶼־ûɡ
֮£ɰʯһſžӨ͸飬һЩһıɢ䣬á
Щɰʯ֮УȻһһ˶ߵɫĳȥʱסˣסһɴŮ
Ů˫ۻϥһţ޳˫ȾӨԲΨӷϥ֮䣬ɫĳٲһ㴹Ĵ⡣
ŮħеŮһģһ
ڶյƻȻӡŮ־;ӡǣôһյƻѵӡ˻Ԫ𣿡
һյƻȻܣǵ־岻֪ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
ԪŮ־Ůֻ֮𣿻ħУŮڷĴ֮ģɱһͼŮʬԹĻ꣬ұסŮʮȻ
Ժһ˲ͷһݾ⿿Ů˯ĺŮͬ˯ˣǳĽëƺĲš
͸տĺˮµԣ·һ㱡ŮӨ͸ļϣһλе龰
ǰ
ϵŮ־壬Ȼȴʧˣĸ֪޷͸һ㺮ˣܸܵŮ̺ǿ־Ǿǻƽսļ𣬶ǳ˻ƽսĴڡ
ħ⣬ƽսľʲôͻȻʵ
Ǳ̻ս飬ս̣ӽɫع鵽˱ɫŮľ磬Ҹħ̯̯צӣһСĲССɫŮľ硣
һȡŮӡ־ƻеľӡǣٽǧг˯Ů壬ŮḴ
ʣԪΪŮĸ㹻׼ѵú߸Ů
ԪۿħӺ漣֮ıУȴԵȥ
ԪŮԼҪ֪ŮʲôˣˣŮҡҡͷͶδ׼ȷһƳʲôûΪһݰôŮƺҲ˵ȥֻҪԼԸ⣬Ƴзܳǧá
ܹ֮·ϴﵽ㹻ľ磬˵Ůʱұ֪Ԫֻ֮ʲôħ̺ʲôܡ
ţ˳Ů磬Ů־֮ǰȫͬûԼҲ޷ϵΪֻ˳
Ǿ˳־ʱȴоϺһ־Լ֮У֮еսѸŨŨ۵ս棬ϵʵɵĸĤ˲䱻ͻƣһȥƲֹӳɣѸɶ壡


904 鵤
۷塭СӣҪ֮ǰƻƽսưħ֮̾һյ־ƻ𣬿лʲô
ͷһյ־ƻ𣬲ǻԪµľӡǣԪҪֻ֮ܲԼһݸϣ
־ϵһյ־ƻ֮ϣһƬ־磬ȴһƬռ䣬ɫĻռ֮Уޱ޼ʣ֮⣬ûκζûҵԪľӡڡ
ǡ
ѵǡ֮ħȻһļʶȻܽӴֱ֮ԴǻԪ𡢻ռɫȴܲ³ˡ
Ԫ֣ͬڻ磬ҲͬںɣԪǻ𣬺
֮
üһȻ֪֮γ֮ʼΪޣռʲôûУΪ̫ףűɣȴûʵ壬Ϊ̫
̫֮󣬱ǻ磬֣زгһŻԪȻԪ֮
֮ռ䣬̫У飬ЩϢ㶼ˣһƺ֮ޱȽӽԴĶֵ֪
Ȼ֮ȴȫֽ׶εܹ˵ģȡһ㣬һ
֮ƺԪϵԪķԴȡ֮Ϊ̫ʣ֮ͬеĺڶ߶ѹص޷
һ˿֮ѹɽ룬һƺ֮ƾ豾Ըǳ
ŲһЩֽ֮УôֽҲֱӱ飡
ΪռҲܲסڶܱռ䣬ΪصÿռҲ޷ܡ
ˣ߰ɣЩܵõģԪֻʧܣгˣȻȴҰ־ƻ𡢺֮Ȼ̣ı£ȡȻҲ²ԪӦ־ܼ̳лԪ־ͼֻܼ̳֮ԪµдУܽԪŮ
ħƲȻȴ΢΢Ƭ֮ͻȻһüȻһžâλھ֮еǹսХ
㡭ħȻһͼǹս˳ޱȵĺ֮У·Ҫ֮ѹ顣
֮עȡȴս顣
սʣܱʵֻ־־ƴɳǺ֮ͬ˿ռʱ֮⣬Ǻ֮ɵģҲս飬֮ﱾԴͬҲսıԴȻս顣
սųƲ𣬵ܹѹǳĺ֮ȴΣأҲðսεں֮Ե˿ĺ֮ˣսҲҵ·Ҫһ㡣ɫ԰ףͷ޴ѹ־ͣҲԳܡ
ˡ֮ս飬սﵽ̶ֳȣħⲻ־ƻ֮·һյ֮ǰǴûܹߵһյƻǿ飬һĻԵ
Ҳ˺֮ıԵشȻ׼ˡ
Ȼ֮޷ȡԴȴ°빦ħ⣬ҾչأһͻɣΪһ
˵ʵû֮·԰ȫ
չءս飬֮ͻƾ磡
ֽ㹻ҩмƷԪʯֻҪƿһֱȥ
ʱţȥл
תۼ䣬ǰȥڵ֮·Ѿһʱ䣬֮ǰܴ½Ѿ꣬Ҳ˶ʮꡣ
꣬ӽӽɣڳɡ
ʵѪⱻڻռ֮УѪ֮УȻһڵľˣ
ĶɷʽΪǰɣɣ鵤ɣꡣ
ɵɣ鵤Ȼ㲻һ󾳽磬ȴһСһЩ
Ϊ˴ķżƷԪʯԼһĵرڻ㹻Ԫɡ
ѾѪȴкɫľû飬ĺڶڶʵ£߶ѹͬʱҲͨ˸ӵļ᲻ɴݣ
ɱˣô˱һĵ¯
ɣҪȶѵĶ࣬ˣʵܺԼˣó׵ȴףţڶ֮ڶɵʱҪ֣һ֮
Ȼûһսһ˿֮絽֮ϣ
Գޱȣѹǳĺ֮ѹ
һһʱΪ֮ﱾԴκͻȻҲеͻ
ͬʱ̺֮ʣͬںڶڵˣͬںڶӵеķҲΪơ
Ժ֮߶鵤ȻðһЩգͬζž޴ĻԵһ֮Ժ֮Ὣĺڶĸӳףܻѹһڶ
꣡
֮ϳһƣ󳹵鿪ˣһƺ֮ҲУӰתĹ򣬺ѹ׻֮˿ͻ
編򣬺ʱзǿΪʱ䡢ռͻ磬УҲʱշڴ֮ϵԭ
Ժ֮鵤ĻԵǣҲӵС
ʱţһ££¡
ǰÿֻüʱ䣬ɣ£µʱ䣬е֮˼ı仯ֱºĳһ죬һçƴװϢ֮ͬһʼһ
ת£ѹʼŷĿĹȣ
ֹ⣬ȣǳֳɫ¶ȿ̫ģȻֻôһ㡣âҫʱʱ䣬ɫת䣬ϵͣ͵ĳһٽ㣬ͻȻʼ̮̮С֮Ȼ
š¡һ죬һֱػһԵħһȻҵµĹâܹĿäܹɱ֪ħ壬ֻһ̹걾ԴʲôҲﲻæ
ȥ˼ӵʱ䣬ħָ֪˫ۣǰȻһöҴСˣͨīϢ֮·֮УĹȫŤˡ
ħھ֮ʱһۻϤԺ𣬡ħ⣬ɣǿԳȥˣ


905 أ
ȥ㲻ߵʯ֮·ˣ
ħһ£еʯ֮·û꣬·ƺһЩǰЩͨ˵֮·ǿߣŶ·
ȴѡ˲ͬĵ·ҽ־ƻ֮·ߵ˾ͷԸ⣬Իȥٰѵʯ֮·ߵͷʱ·ﵽյ㣬Ϊֻһ̨ףʱʲô̶ȣħⶼ޷ˡ
ߣʯ֮·ҿ´νһ£̫̫࣬ණ޷õսӡ֤ټĻʶˣЧã
һ˵ħҲͷߵս˵㹻ĵҩƷԪʯͬʱи㹻ʵƿʦָ㣬Ϳһֱȥ
ĳʥأҲû˵ĸŴڡڿʼչأ׼㹻ҩĺһչص񺣵ġ
ͬ߱ΪĽԪ˧ôñѧϰսֳָʵսѧʵսǾ̸ֽٶ࣬ʦٺҲûãΪȣΪǣƫȷ·;
̸ֽܶĽܼȥսһˮͬҲˡ
̫ˣ£ûôùʯ֮·ٹһҲ
ţʯ֮·־ƻ֮·һյƻ𣬻ԪӪĻ磬Ҳһأջֱ޷ݣ
ħ⽻ô࣬ʶû壬˻ͣڰ֮Уʱ䣬ʱ֣ħⲻô£ȴ֪ڹ֮УΪڶ֮Ƶ壬ʵǺɫģǡΡģһʺʥСУҲ군Уͬᱻɣټ̫ǿ󣬻ŤΧĹߣŤ֮У
ŤռԼԭƣӸ¸֪̽Ҳ鲻Ϊ֪ͬһڶͻᱻȥʧθ֪
֪Щڻռв򵽵ģڶͬʱ漰編򡢿ռ䷨ʱ䷨һָ߼򣬵컯˵ռ䷨ʮأŤռ䣬ϲ񷣬Ԫնգֽӣռ籩ڶУʮάռ䣬
ڶռ˿ռ⾳ĵأڶУ
ǵطɼĸ߶ȣڻռ䣬ȴһЩߡ
µ鵤Уĸ֪һֱһֳѵ״̬·վܵĸ߶ȣ˺ܶ飬оͰȻǨһ֡
ڶγɣЩȻֱʵȴܿ۽硢飬ޱѵõľպԴŲɹã˵ڻռջ񣬱֮ǰκһؾջҪ޴󣬰ԶŻ˳ǣҲ漣
ջ񣬴ǵõĵر̣㹻ʱ䣬ֲȥΨڻռ䣬Ǵӱϸı
ղú֮ڶˣ̫Ĺȣٵ̮γɺڶˣģȻڶγɹ̡
ڶ۳ɴ壬ȼԪأΪ̫ȼԼֱվ̮֮γɺڶ
ǿ̣޷۵̶ֳȣڶЧһʱ̿ɹߣáΡ
ͨһС棬ǳ仯Ĺͬܵõ֣ΪпĲ˼顣
Ȼڵˣʵֻ΢ͺڶĺڶܴ֮ﵽʺ˫غڶǿɲˣʱ˰ɱˣȡˣһǳϣô˾ͻ᲻ϵǳеʣֱǳΪֹ
һ»ǳ
ǳȥ
䣬ѾϸС嶼Ϊ籩ѸٵĳΣ⡢Ƥٵ١ͷë
һеһУָ
ɵʱû̫ı䣬ֻʸӵоκοֲϢø֪̽ȴᷢڷ·ӡһ棬
ʱһȴͬ˯һ̫žһز
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һĻЦˣ˵ǵ֮·ս
ԪһҲֻԽ֮·˳̶ȣΪ

֮ͨ·֮⣬ʮƼ˴
ѪɱԭԭҲƽʱһϢԹ̬֮Ѫɱԭԭ¶̬ˣʥħ½ûж٣ΪѪɱԭ˭Ҳô
ܽѪɱԭĶ򲻹ĽѪɱԭм⣬սۣٱǰˡ
ѪɱԭԭǰĸɫŮΪȫڣͬĸòһģӿ̳ģİ̥İ̥ȫﵽڣΪѵá
۸ȫĻֻҪʲȴǴ⣬Ůϡٵ޳У̧֣һůΣůԱߣһŮĻ¶һֻߣһһ壩̬ӵİħߡ
ֳһľȣٻůΣǸͷѪɱԭԭȴаӣΪͬʮħιѪɱԭԭ
ִѪɱԭǧ꣬ٳٲͻƾ磬뿪ѪɱԭչǱޣѰԵ
ȻԪֻһǧ꣬ʵͿʼ·ϾΪﵽħۣ൱񺣺ڣ񺣺ڣձ󣬼ϰħó깥־ǿЩ͵˥ѪɱԭԭϲǶ֡
ʽ֮·һ֮ѪɱԭԭоһֲԤУɻԼȴǷŲܾȱ˵ʲôûԼϣֻɱӵôѪɱԭԭͷˡ
˰ս֮⣬ӵʮħķǿ߻ôǰħ塢ħǿߣֻЩ˵ıֶߵˣѾмδ֪ѪɱԭԭѺܴ۲붯ǰİħ֣߳ȷһʧ
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906 ǻ磬ʲô
ѪɱԭԭɵӣԼƤ½֮·̣ܵǼƻ±仯Ѫɱԭԭ뵽Ⱛħߣһֱ仯벻ֱ仯ͻúѿ
ٺ٣ɲСӣԽԽûϢˣһɣʮС˴ģɻټϷ򣬻׼ôƣȥⲻøʥЦѪɱԭ
ⰫħֱӽѪɱԭԭǡɲСӡѵζΧѪɷļִöһֶ˵ɲŭ
û뵽ɲŭ⣬ĵĽ꣬ɲܳɾʮħȻǿ츳ƴɱҲǰħߵ֧֡
ÿۼǿߵĺֵܳۼǿߣħͷͱˣȻƽɫŮǺȴûһģֻܽѪɱԭԭ֮λˣԼĺҲס棬󷴶ᱻ
˶԰ħߣɲʼĻ⣬ѵҲ㲻ʲô
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ħ߲м˵Ȼм鲻мǽɻ֮дϢȴŻɱ
·Ҫ֤Լĺ׳һ㣬ĵ죬֮·ĳڣѪɫ̳ϿյĿռͻȻ
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ͷֻѸʯ֮䣬ɫȻ£һѪɫ̳֮ϣµʱ䣬һͷѾ䡣

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ħߵ۾Ȼһɣɫս飬һμͭսΪɫսΪɫδн֮ɫս飬ҪǣΪʲôսܹѹգ
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ʵϣһħ񺣺ǿˣҲû취ѶִôңҪΪħߣר־꣬ײǹڣݣǡ


907 
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ħɫҰף۾вѪ˿󣬰Ѫɱԭԭڵȫɵˡ
ħħΪʵλʥħ½һĲΣ깥ħǹھʥħ½ǾħĻħǱսһл飡
Ѫɱԭԭ˶ݵĴ֮ȻعȻȥɱѪ

ԹͬʱѪɱԭԭֽгһսìսìһ֣޾Ѫ⣬·ɫ̻ըŹ֮
һʱ䣬Ѫ죡
һɻԹ˵ռ˵
ѪɱԭԭֻǶħۣʵ簫ħߣΪɻ֮һȴһ̶ϱħ۵һ
Ҫǣ־սơ
Ҳ˵Ѫɱԭԭһ԰ħߵĻħѣϾ˵ֻɵΪ޷ֲĶ̰塣
Ѫһǹһɲǣȴų˺ɫһɫ·һɫš
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Ѫɱԭԭһȣ֮ǰΪͨٶ˵İħ˫֮бŷһĺɱӲսСȻ֮ǡ
ħ֮צ
깥ħóһɫľ޴צӣͷ
ۼǿߵĺʱȴбٵƣĿһȫת¡

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һ˲䣬Եڱһ𡭡


908 ɱۼ
ѹƶԪ塢꣬ѹֵ֮ߣΪֱʶ飬ͣ
ɱɱɱһڲɱ־ʱɢҲһɱŨױȵĵزͿն
ֺɿռ䣬ѹƷѹѹ꣬ѹһУþͨƣԪս顢־꣬һеһлعޣع磡
һγħ⡣
Ȼ⻹ֻǵӣںϣҲһһһô򵥡
Ĳ䣬ԭ϶ȫʧĵҲøΣ
ɿռȻǣ
ƣڣѪɱԭԭѾһɺݾѾԤеɱôһԼ
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ΪѪɱԭԭɲ似ҲǲۿѪ֮⾳ƣʽһ䣬ħƹǵء
󣬰ħ߷Ķħ֮צޣһС
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ʱа֮Ŷݼ뿪üһĿĺâֳԼ֮䣬һɫķӰ𣬻ɾɿռΪһ壡
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һóȫֻΪͬʱ֧ʵ̫Ԫĵʮɿռ䣬еĻȴݺǧһǧ磡
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ս鲻ֱɱУȴԼӳκ֮ϣʡԪɿռȻ־Ч˵ȴ⡣
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ѪɱԭԭѾɥĲ֪󣬸ɳȥֱӵת
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ɿռ䣬һңʱռ䶼ܵӰ죬̮ڡ㡱֮Уδ֣δɡ£һʧȥıѪ⡢ܹڣֱӻᱻɿռ仯ޣ

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ۿŰħһգʧһصͨ˴ͨǷһ˿ȣٶ
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ڿţʩչͬʱøط׹Ӱ
һ˲䣬ϳ׹⣬Ȼʧ쵽˼顣
ڳҴ߿һĻ̱ڵˣеܣȴȰٶȣƾΪʱѹȻֻҪɱ֮ɳٻ
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909 ħ
ʮҴӵļȫʧȥ壬ֻǼ˸һֻɫ׵Ӱ
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ħ߿֣۾һʱܹӳңﻹսƷˡ
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ڰħҪһ̤ϴԶʱȻеһɱΧռ䷨䣬ٶȱ˵֮УԭߵĴȴ֮ң
ӹ룬Եۼǿ˵ֻǼʱ䣬һɷǾôܸôʱ䣿
ȻͷȴֳִѪꪣٶͬȣת֮Ѿǰ
ʲôôô죿ۿħߵɴ˫ۣһŵɫոճֻһϢʱ䣬Ǳ˲׷ϣٶȸж죿
ȡȵȣħĿѣļ٣Ϸԩ޳ֻǮƣ֣ܹɲ֮ûͻŹңҸĺôҴ㰫ħĻħҸ㰫ħ屦صڣҸħ֮ǣɱңֻܵõֽеĶҸղ˵ЩﶼҵĶ֮УҲҵĻ꣬ǿ֮ǰȫԻʶɱңЩ㶼òˣ
ħһ׳Ϊ൱ջħΪӦȤַһ깥ֶΣħ߷ǿȴû깥似ħĹֶࡣ
ħߵջֻЦһЩҶҪֻҪһ
ҪʲôħһֻҪǾϷּۻһֻҪܱסжóҲֵá
һЦֻҪȫѪҪһ
ѪɱԭԭɲѾںɿռб٣޷ľѪħڻаħʣΪħۣѪƷʸߡ

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ħ߱һȻҧ⣬³һھѪٶȸֳħӰֻǱһѾ࣬ħıͨǿ깥ȴƣֻʹʹ
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аѿи߶ѹ׻֮ӿѪȻҳصײڻħӰ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ͬҲħӰֱӱ飬ĴѪδ˰ħߵؿڡ
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û뵽νġ֮ͨ·õħں֮󣬾ɱǿߡôһɱֱԺɿռ䣬һзѪһлع޻״̬׵׵ɱʲôû£ֽ䶼ˣϧ
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ڶʵǿԼӽԼԼ൱ĵˣɿռǵսʤ㡣
һԽ˵Ĺͷ߳ɣս֪вǣ߶ħҪĴԪ˵Ҳɡ
ϼóһСƿһ˰ħߵȫѪһСƿѪͿĨؿħλá
Ϊֹʹħֻܵȴħı
ħڶǿƴıõȻֻƬô򵥣ʲôãö֪
˻˻
ħߵľѪȻħգһֻ̣תٶħռ䡣
ϴɱǿ߿ħڣѾȥʱ䣡
ʱ䣬ʵڿɼ񺣼һżҪ֪ʮõħڲʮʱ䣬ǰʱʹʵɵ񺣣ȴռ꣬ɼһļѣ
ħռ仹ʵӣƬͬǳһ㻷Ĺ򻺻תţһصǺӡ
֪һɨܿҵƬ߶һߣͷ
ƬȻǸϵϹħͷµģ̺˾ʱ䷨򡢺ڰ򣬻൱ļ䣬п漰Ϲħͷ㣬ħӵܡ
ҪѡģȻϹħͷƬ


910 ں
ϹħͷʱԱͺˣҪȻƬܺϳһ飬ȫһЩ
ڵʱƬҪССģĿСһ飬ھͲͬˣĹţĿѡһ飬Ϲħͷ걻̽ҲĽյ
ƬҲûкѡ񣬶ø֪۲һ֣ƬϸСĲ𣬵һȵڶһҡ
ڽСǿƬΧԼԼĺɫâƬΧʱ΢ĸı䡣
˵һϴƬ򲨶Ҫܶˡ
ʣСƬ̺˸Ϲħͷڷ
һˣ
һǿСƬץȥЩƬļУкܴһǹƽģЩû˿ôֻйڼܡļ䣬ʵһ¥
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ΪҲףҪԼֱ˼ȴܣΪÿһöƬСжµľӡǡ
ӡһıԴյ˵ľӡǣǾͻ˸ңʧȥң߻ħΪʬ⡣
ҪĨȥӡȴܣΪӡÿһϸ΢Ĳ֣Ϊһ壬ʹñǾͻݻƬ
ħƺһħκ걻ħ֮У̻ᱻĨȥӡǣΪļ䣬ֱӱա
뵽ħռ֮ʱĽܷѩħһƬ龰²ħһƷѾ֪Χ
ϹħͷľƬһ˿͵ľ籩ᶨҲֲľ籩ͷԺоԴ·Ҫըˣ
Ҫ֪Ϲħͷʮ֮һ
ʮܾ꣬飿ϢжԹơ
Ż˶ʮ꣬ǰ£ʵļ䲻ʮѣԶʮļʮ֮һ֪
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˵ʶޣԽǿʶԽҪ֪Ϊ쾳磬йĿı죬Ϊϵľ磬ǿ򣬼е֪ʶһĶ㹻һˡ
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ȻܿϧϹħͷʮǰ漸һɱԪʥħ½ֻǵڶǿеһСͲ֪ΪʲôҪɱԪ
սʼ֮ͱ˴Īı漣֮У漣֮ħӶԪôͨˣȪ֮ӾǻԪ漣֮ħӵķ˵ȪһʬƣǿĲ˼顣
ʬһޣһǿԹƣԼֻǵõһ֮Ѫǳõһٵιŷ֮Ѫͻǿ
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һ£峤ǧķˣһȼڽѪҺǱѪ̶ֳȣ»ǧҲʲô
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ܴ½Ӷʢת˥䣬ҲΪʮǰһսӰعͬʱȪ֮ӵķӡҲܴ½ϵԪܴ½ܴ½ʮδ񺣾ǿߣ񺣺ѾǼޣ޷Ƶħ䣬Ϊعѹңܴ½λ棬ҲôףȴǱȻˡ
ʣǱܴ½͸һأΪкԪɾ񺣻ܴ࣬½һƶԪȴɵʱ򹦰ܴɣҷ
ûԹˣܳ򣬱ǵˣ½磬ֻ˵˲㡣
ȴǸ࣬ھ͵õħܴ½Ļˣôȡڵĳɾͣ
½߾Ͳòҳͺˡͷû䣬ϾˣΪԼôŬҲߣдɾ͡
Ҫ֪ڰܴ½ʮҲͬħʼۡٮٮߣƣ˵ܴ½ָʮǰʢĺ׳ҪָǵʢҪƿȪ֮ӵķӡ¹ܴͨ½֮ԪϵͨҲǷܳɹ־ľӳ踺أıߣ
ߵ֮·У䣬أ˲죡
һ㣬ֻ·õڤڤ֮Уٽһʶеĵ⡢ɱȴںϵˡ
ںϣһḶ́򲻵ƾʲôĵرҲã
ңȵ֮꣬¾ҹںΪһգֻɣ
˲ţûоĻԵƾߵһεȾޣ
ͬڰܴ½ȴں⣬ֻںѵںϲˣ˾޴󣿡
֮֮ǳ಻֮־žب棡֮꣬δﵽ̤࣬۷壬תֻأͬ٣
һ̣ͻȻͷޱͨֻһֱǺ
֮ǰȻҳͺˡͷҲߣĻη֪죬ˣ֪֮Լ֮С
˵ܹʶЩ۽翪ı־ڣͷȴһ죬Σޱ޼ʣǧʮڣС޾Σ
֮֮·һУնУ
죬ħɣ̤۷壬ɾͳԽĴڣ


911 Ϊ
һ˲䣬ɺ֮ӿֻ¡һ죬·ʲô⡢⡢ɱȫʶ֮з裬˺¡¡ķ籩ʼںϣ
ޣݺɳսɱ֮γɵѹѹȵ˵ꡢ塢Ԫõ˻δսȵΪޣ
ɱɱ߹ʬɽѪɱγɵնȡΪɱ
ȫƿһ磬ƶķ򣬳Ϊռ飬һУΪ
սɱ¾ߵû˭ÿһıչܳɾߡ
һˣ̤֮·Ҫɾ۷壬Ⱦǧսɾޣɱ̤ʬɽѪɱִһ磬͸򣬳ɾ͵
Ҷˣ޹ɱսʤѪɱԭţɾʮħĵҪ֮ͨ·õ֮·Ͽɣɾ͵ۼǿߣ
⣬ƲУʵһһӡΪȳޣٳɱɾ͵𣬻ԪħⱾ̺ϵ򡭡
һ̣ණ֪˶״̬Ϲħͷ仹û꣬ǽЩܴ½ļ䣬
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ʶˣԼΪһһӡ֤л״̬
ȣҲ¶ҹ
ͨȫ״̬һı仯Զȥˡ
ľ֮Уħип츳ԵʣŸոյõ⣬Ϳʼںˣһںϣγħ֪ж
ӵܴ½ܴ½ħܴ½Եߵܴ½۷壬˷ӵ֮ǰʺϷ򣬷ͻ˷Ĵ˷ЩؾСԵʱδˣΪܵһЩӰ죬ٲܴﵽ¡
翵Ķȷʵڣŵһ֣츳ٸߣҲע۷Ե
ڣ츳ԣҲ˵һ֡
ԶŻ˳ǣӺͳ˾һ㣬϶ܴ½ܴ½ɽ˼̳ȥͬʱȴԹȴɾ֮󣬱ؽһɳ졣
⵹˵ȥûˣֻ˵ܴ½δˣɲСӰ죬Ҫ֪ܶߣΪͻͽһʱȴƿòصԼ֮ǰ½֮ȴȻߺܴ·
Ͻʶ񣬾һܣǷ֮󣬱֮ǰδˣֽһΪ񺣺ڵĻѴͨϱڻصܴ½һʥʮأϽһЩȴ
ȻϽ֪֮ܳҪһʥǲܣҲûܿóʮʥһֱ߲㣬õ֮Ѫֻ⡣
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ڼ䣬вͨλãɷԶԶģ˵ʲôƻĶȫǿЦĻǸҲҡ
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̬ǣɿռ䲻ɱ꣬ɱԪɱ־ɱʽɱ
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ħľ̾ɫƽҡͷҵĺɿռҲޣǿɱˣ㿴ǽڣħû˿Ӧ
ղĻǺ˼ȥģһоͻҷ𣬿ͨȴǻԪԼģû´ʮͨһƷߵķʲôͲö֪ˡ
ϵȷڲԳɿռ䣬ѹγһΪ档
ԪıȻܹƻģǸղŵСħͨǽֱ֮ӱ飬һ˿ۼû¡
֪ɣԪε𰡣ǿ˵𣬾ǽҶûˣ֮ʥħۿʥûϵģı񺣶ºۼ
ڵĺɿռ䣬Ըǿߣ㲻ǣҲǵԪÿһÿһʽڵħ⣬ܴ½ʲôϼ򣬵߾֮Ķˡ
ħҡͷԵ˵ţƺΪ˷ܣ·𿴵ɱܴ½龰Ӷصˡ


912 Ϊԭ
ŷܴ½ɣŶݼ׿ţϹħͷļûвܲļ䣬ʱ⾳ͺڰ⾳ϸһĲ¶ʱû취תʵҲϤϹħͷ㡣
ԸƵ̣ʵô࣬ҲûƵİա
ħڣħͻȻһͻȻЩ֣ޡɱںϣγħ⣬ΪҪħأҾýл硢ɣ߻ԪʲŶԡħ°ϵĺë˵
һڵ˵ĺҲĴڣνħ⣬ֻǺһС֡
ںΪһʱһָоħⲢޡɱ񵽵ħɱ֤˵սߵȴδҪɱԡ
ħ͸еˣħӦֻеһ֣⣬ܹɾĺ⡣
ʲôôţƵħ⣬˵ֻǲһС֣⣬жǿħĿɿڴѾˡ
֣Ԫε꣬¾ҹںϣôԪںϸҲ֮Уˣħֳ⡪ɱޣʵ⣬ɲֻһ֡
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ħɲһ⣬ǿϡٵ⡣ȻֻںϣںϿй֮޲ϾȿԼ⣬Ȼޡ
ħ̸ʱսս
ĿһȻע⵽ˣħ壬һ̤ħսܱǿߡ
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һ˵ˣĵģɲһѪɱԭԭ֮λȻͿˡǿԼɱɲȻҪԷԭġ
Ѫɱԭħ塢ħռЩ˶࣬ȴ֮רͽϣܹΪĸԭλ֮ʱıúô
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ǱӣǷһȣõ漣еıѪɱԭԭĶǲôǣҲƽ޹ʵı˱ˣ򻹲˵ɵϣ
һץֱӰץǵľУϼ֮Уǰħߵֽ䣬ŲգֱѪɷȥ
ѪɱԭôãȻ֪ѪɷλãͨѪɷԶǶ˵Ҳһʱ䡣

һ׹һѪɷһ˦˾ͱӳϼ䣬ʱɲǰȻмϺͼʹ˼ʦͼƽɲı⡣
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һȺŵˣֻҪһͷǾ֮ء
ǿūӡͶԼ˵ЩɱѪɱԭһ⣬ÿ޴棬ЩҪȴ͸˵Ͼ֮ʱҾ춼Ҫܴ½
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ڷ֮ǰܴͨ½ʥħ½ıݣһµĴ󣬶Ѫɱԭһɻһݱ֤
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Щūӡʵǿļ쳤һڿˮ̴ڳп˳޵־µĿ⣬ɵӶ˳ǡ
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ЧңĳһջɵĿܣھƽĮ˵ɱЩˣ˵Ҳֻ鷳˵㣬ûʲôϵ
һȳܲסѹԸūӡ˵һܿеڶʵ㹻ǿ󣬳ΪūҲܹһЩȷʵҲлɣܱ˾ͺã˾ʲôûˡ
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ӡ˵ġħһǱңֻҪһڱǵ³ͻղŵǸһ
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⼸ҩ漣Ұֲɼģ˵󣬿ɶԱ˾ȻһЩдϲҲҸԣϾޣܸȡ
ǸңҲǡ
Į˵쳤ϼæ±ģǵΪֻ൱ڵ֮䣬ܹΪۼǿߵ»ߺܶ·±½Ҳֵá
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һ죬Ѫɷֱӱ飬ɲı⣬ȫˡ


913 ɫ
󷨵⣬ټһзĺɿռ䣬ƽֻʣһδܵĴʵ׾١
һĻڳ˺ֽɱɱһɷǣ޷ڻʮ䣬ǰŸոͻ
֪һɨȷû֮󣬴̤С
ѪɱԭΪŵľۼأÿĪҷ֮ټħӣơѰȵȸֶΣѪɱԭͣѪɱԭԭΪѪɱԭף䱦ĸԣ̶ȿ֪ˡ
Ҫ֪һ߸Ҫ⣬һöֽ㹻ãǴţѪɱԭԭľͷղغͲƸ̫࣬ҪĶʹ£ֽ䶼ʢŲˣŻὨ⡣
֮Уһʮţÿһż϶ױвƷƷ
ЩȻòϣȥ˻ǿ˵ʵȴдôһУжϼ䣬ϼڲһ磬й̫вԭľˣʲôװ¡
ڱܺ棬ǴѪɷĿѪɷѳСɽһһƷѪɷмһСһľɽƷѪɷ
ѪɷǾħͰħͨûңͨõֻҹƷ
һƷѪɷֵһƷѪɷʮöƷԪʯ൱⣬ǧƷѪɷнƷѪɷۺǧƷԪʯ
ôһʲƸѪɱԭԭǧĻˣĴһóҲҪ˽ǣ
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ħ֮ǣССħ֮ǺɫӣҲˡ
ĵҩûʲôȤ۲ƸѪɱԭͣУȴĴ
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˵һʮܵһٰʮҼصĶ
ɫֻдѪꪵİٷ֮һǴѪꪵ
ŷ֣ĻʵģƲԴױĽŵҲƿ̸󷨣ȵĳɫӵڰѵѹ顣
ںɿռпܻôصĶҲֻһЩ޴ѹʵǳԴﵽ
ںɿռ䣬֪ǳҲԶڣ̫ȼյϨܻΪǣֻаϵʣ
ϵĶصǿ⣬֮ҪȰǶǧ򱶣ǹؼɫԲڰһĶо֮޵¶һ˿֮Ϣ
Ȼ΢ޱȣȷʵĴǿ󣬸֪
ǻģ
һҪɫӶ
һܻŵس̶ȿеİǣĴڣһɣ
ܣĻôСгǧмʮСֱҲΪ档
˶ְ취̽ɫӣҲħ⣬һϹħͷļ䣬һ
ȷɫɲħŪ
ħĴѾܴˣɲǧѪɱԭԭÿʮ궼֯̽ħӵıԵشĸħ緢ֶȸɲҲ֮С
ʣɲҲ֪ʲôֻǾ棬ŻоҲһ죬ͻ֤ʵһ
ʱȥʷǰӦ֪
һĨɫϼ䡣
һɨɲı⣬Ѱ˰ħߵֽ䣬һҲιѪɱԭԭܲƸɲй֮޲
ֻϧǰħĴ󲿷ֲƸڱ֮УֽȴС֡
һ̽ȴûٷƺɫŹֵĶЩƷֵܼһǧԪʯ֮䣬оСħĿһ£׹ĸ࣬侫̶ڡ֮ꪾϣһЩĴУֻϧһЩ⾳ȱʧħ޷
׹Ҳħеõˣħһأ֪˻Ե
⡶ħѧҲãһ깥ֶΡ
Ҳǿ󣬵սѷɫܶˡ
ս־¡
־ǴԷܣз־ǿ󣬿ԸȡΪߣг츳Ļ֮ǰս顣
ս鲻ֱӹʵȴԸκǿԪϡ
︽ս飬ټֻ⣬ǿĲ˼飬˭깥ԸǾǰħߣһ깥ԼĻħӰˡ
Ǳ̬ϧ깥ɱˣΪûһ׺ʵ似סħһ£ԣټֻʥֵĸҪѧ似Ҳʮµ顣
ħ⣬ЩڽļµʱϴѪɱԭ˱ңɱ⣡һʱչеջ񣬳֮գǻܴ½֮ʱ
Уȫ͸ˣԵĵˣѬ֮ҪĿĶơҪ߾磬ӵи޻˾ͽ춼Ի鵽һࡣ
ƲͬҰĵˣ롪Ʒ룬ǸŬδĿĲֶΡ
ˣ£
ܴ½Щ֪ʲô
ʱ䣬ѪɷбչأҪʱ䶼Ϲħͷļ䡣
ЩϵǣϹħͷһɫʦҾͨħ󷨡
ȻǰҲչһʦļ䣬ȴƫħˮƽһ
ħɷѪ󣬻Ȫֻش󡭡һһĿȥÿ֧ͷ΢ҵʱϵʥֶᴫһ֮⣬ඥͷޱ
֪֪ˣսƵĹϹħͷǵʱƱػһսϹħͷϣƵʵֻҪ͸ϹħͷʽӮһˣ


914 
һ޼ʵĴϣһȺڷ֮д󣬿ƺƵһȺͷ죬һﵽ߰ɵľ裬ɫıͬһᣬѪȫſһһͷˡ
һıϣһСŮԲ壬ȫཱུĿһֻճһ
һɫСǶϴλεȦͷˮʪڶͷϹžӨˮ飬첲ⶼһˣιֱźһ
СŮֻ߰ӣھı˿ûк£Цͣͬ壬͸رǿڷ˹Ĵ֮УǸ
Ҳ֮е飬ΪСŮøһ㣬ʵΪѾﵽ˶͹ڣֻһ֮ң
Сңο㣬ٿ㣬尡ɽ
СŮű߻ҪߵĴ㱳ţһ˫鶯ĺɫ۾˷ܺ͵Ƥ֮⣬µĴ㡰СҡҲƺСŮĻڷ֮д
ʱһһֻɫĹ͹СŮԣȫǺɫľëƯţħı꣬־
СڣǸûȥˡħ⻺˵Լϡ
С죡һɣСŮħ֣˷ֱܵ֡
СŮСƣħʱһŹСڣҲǺް취ã롣
ڶĵرСͿʼøҩˮ壬Ϳʼϰ䣬Ѿض͹ڣ˹ǿɲˣ˹ĺΪȱЩֵǵĵرҪʮ꣬߱һǿ֮ܿʼϰ䣬˻δõ塣
ħ˹ϻȥǾҪܴ½
һսڣѾȥʱ䣬еһܴ½չأмһ£ڵ֮·ĥ־ɿռ䣬磬ʮʱ䣬Ѫɷ֮вϹħͷļ䣬ѧϰħ󷨡ڰ⾳Լʱ⾳
󷨷ӾϹħͷ輫ߣһͽܣְֵḶ̌ޱҪͽ̳ܽˮƽҲҪǧʱ䣬ǰỹϹħͷյͽԲ
Ҳû취飬ҩġЩһҪԭ󾭹ʵʧɣ
ȴҪֱӼ̳Ϲħͷļ䣬ڼ̳еĲͶ󷨱ʵ⣬ֻҪһЩʱ䣬ЩڻͨӦԼ壬ܰЩ֪ʶȫתԼģټϲ̫ʵͿԳΪһʦ
̶̵ʮʱ䣬ϵһ󲽣ԭ󷨵ĸϵĳɾͱϹħͷҲй֮޲
ϵ֮⣬пռ⾳ͺڰ⾳Ϲħͷ⾳Ҳ͸
һս²УҲƾٶȴ롣
ȻѾգܴ½
ϺߣѾϺǧˮﵽǧˮµѹ󵽲
ããϺԾҲһһѣҪҵڴ룬̸ף
Щħ⵹Ҳʱʱþ︡ǳˮ͸͸տ֮£ҲǷٳɳС˲󣬵ȴó棬ھ͸ӾٲȻһСħŮһ㡣
ܴ½۾ɵôģȻСܶ飬֪ΪʲôҪħ˵ҪȥȻֻһֿܡ
˷ܵʵҸҪˣ
ǣˣѾڣλȥأλܵʱͰһжˡħһƷֻʼոͲǳλڡ
ʱոͨϹŴ󣬶һվڲçϺ֮ϣƬԼϤޱȵĺȴӿޱȸӵĸ顣
򳤴ȴαǿĳұƳ֮·˵ԵУȴɱĻһһǿĵˣҪôǵʬǰҪôǲڽ£
һĴķֱɳȥѾҪκ֮Ĺߴûһֹߵļٶܸٶȵ֮һٶȫʮ¡
ﵽĴĴ¶ѾƿˣֻҪһ֣ƱȻõϢҲãҾ㣬ʵ
һ߷ɣһ֮̽ǰڵս׷ӡ֪ĶҪҵͨݵķ
ţһ׷ӡƣƱӻƶ벻Ĩȥ׷ӡǻնһԼǰȥɱˣ϶һʱϵ
Ȼ˵ն󣬵Ҳʤޡ
۾ĸսӡλãµĲƹȻûгĨ׷ӡǣ˵ڡ
ֻǡ
ţôô˾򣬶λǡ˹һʣԼѾƲ壡
˹˹
૵ظ˳˹һˣĴӪҺǧĸĸͱתƵϺħѾ˵Ƕƽƽġ
˹µĹǡϼ壿뵽Ŀһ䣬Ӹ鷽˵ϼû̫Уֻϵ̳в˼ƲĸֻǿϼһСҵּҾ¥άƣϰ֮ʱҲûеõϼ֧֣Ҳڲ׽⡣
ˣּұϾıңĸϣҲΪּҡּһʼԴĮ̬ȣҲûʲôԹ޵ģϾһڱҪʤ̭ԴԴĻò˶ͻ
ơ㻹ǲֶΣҲҪǼˣͰ˸ҹϵϼˣҲǣ˶˵ûɱɵĵز߲岻󣬿˷˹սӡǸλãϼѾȫǵƿ֮УҾͲܲˡ
ɫýֺͷ뵽ڵɣѾ͵ȥˡ
Ҫģ֪ɽлƫɽУʵţ
ҾͿ㵽ײʲôֶεҡһ˹ķֱ߷ȥ
˹ϺֻмʮٶȣܿͿ಻ĺߣ̤ϺϽԽϽ˹


915 ˡŭ
˹һ۵С˿ڲǧǱ׼ķ˹ȣûŴУֻƶȵĹȣҪһǿ߶ʮּѣΪûԴû˽̵ϰֻԼҲᱻû
ӽɣǵʱȴԷһЩͬѰϢתʽȻԶǿ֮֡
Ȼˣ
һâһӰƾʧݵĶŤռ֮УڶԿռ䷨̶ȣŤռԼʵ׾ٵ飬¼ơ컯˵ˣûܿڡ
սӡǵָʾɣּң˹ȻУּҷԲʮ֮ڣȫһ󷨷ּӵΪ˸ûܳȥˡ
֣ʱȴһŮӵӰȻһ𣬾Īһ֮⣬Ťռ䶼Ϊ˶һ£Щ¶
Ů಼£㣬Ƥ毺ã޽ǵ㷢ʪϣߵ䴹ס֣һֻصľͰˮмˮ
Ů¡
¡
һʧ񣬷·߳Ļ֮У·ֱ֮ʱʮͣδѣڵѾҲҲǷǶһƣһᡣ
򵥵಼£ûκλװΣͷһɫĲ𣬴ʱֵ˹ĶգҶ⣬ּҵԺ壬˿˿紵µһĺ⡣
ʮˣ
·֣ʮǰ˳丮ΪĲ£ΪԼΪһ֤κ˲
Ѿʮ꣬ʵѾ޽ӽʱµһˣԼŵò˼ĺãǵˣִһ˿ҹʣЩССٽ£ȴ㣬Ȼĸо
Ȼűʱӷӯģ˫û΢΢ͫʺ㲵ݣȴ˿һʹ
ƺѾ˹ͨŮˣÿҲĬá˳ܡ
°ˮͰˮˮףˮ
Ĭֻǿڶˮĳƺ˻֮УżʲôܰõҲ΢΢һЦȴֲҡͷһ̾
̳ɵ̳У˭˵ĲΣ
ʮããȻȴ겻ʶ
ˮˣˮһ裬͵ּҵǰּǰһһŮˣŮöʮֿߣһƵϸĿ¶һ˿˿֮ɫϸĳ˾ͽء
һһŮ˾ͽһС͸ԴӦῡܣֻǵʵ˾ͽºܶˡ
˾ͽؿ¶˲Ѳں÷ϣϹһ˿ЦСˣһ边Ȼô
˵䣬˾ͽԵŮӾȻ׵ģֱӸһƣŮҲţΪ˾ͽ£Ϊʵ˾ͽɲԲһЩҲϣ񺣣ûԪһƣҲµ絾һɳԶˤڵϡ
һûԣֻһ˿Ѫ˿
ĸСи΢ҲǣеŮѣͷֿˣȱѵĻСˣɱˣҲûκθоģ
ŮӲмĿһ£ĸУߵ֮·ע¶ܵ˵¸֮仹ûʲôϵΪҪЮĳ롣
½ҧ촽˾ͽ˵ĻһѵһģȷʵԼ΢ԭΪԺ󲻻κνȴᱻĳвĳ롣
ЩʲôԼ֪һ㣬ѾޣǸŮӣһȵ̫ϳѪοɲ
ôֲĵˣ¸ϣǻǵȦףôǿҲ׶༪١
ʲôСˣŲ۾оϣǸˣԶа㽻һƶң
˾ͽ˵г̺Ͳмһ˵飬δϣɾ񺣵֮ŮԭͽֺڶûķϣԼһƶ̧ˡ
ŤռУȭͷսնҪ֮±ˣڸղһ˲䣬ֱӳְŮͬ˾ͽض˺飬˵ʲô֪ƵڸʲôҪôԸԼ
еȻֵһᣬϾŮˣٺ٣Ҳ˵ѾʹҲϧҲǧǶץˣҲҵѾߣ裬ٵץҵӸЩħͷ¯ҪһȺħǣֱɣߺߣҪС޲ðԼڳ˾ͽԹɫûץǧ꣬ʮֲˬ
ʱ˾ͽߵ˵ĸ˵£ϼҲأ֣ѵһֱЩͼķһ𣿡
Ҳ˾ͽѪΪֻɣȴǰٵʵδǰ;ҲһƬŶԼİһסʺķ˸ۡԪƶ񤵽ޣǵȻԸˡ
Ƶ˭ΥɣҲûϵͼıִһƻǲһ꣬Ƭ½Ͳ֮أʱ뺣ҲᱻλãɣʱһҪСĻǣٺ٣ܣ
˾ͽط·𿴵ԼŰɱ龰¶̵Цݡ
ŤĿռ֮пһУָյ죬ûɱһˣҪ̵ŰɱڽҵжٹһʱȻҵңȻΪϧ벻ھˣ
ʱ˾ͽּ˵Ǽһʱ䣬ߣɣǲô壬ȴǰæˣС׷ӡ峤ϣһ֪ǷּңһֱǲΪûְֻһмָ̫ˣ£˵ĸ첲еιЩּҵϵӵܣʮҲˣСûзӦ
˾ͽ˵䣬ϵĲ豭̵Ȳһֱ¡


916 
ǷĲ豭˾ͽظղ˵ֻһмָ̫ˡĻȻһ˫۲Ѫ˿
͵µһֱǴţס֣ˮ趼ˣ֮ǰ֣ûģͻȻ׿ô£뵽ǸĶˡ
֪ȥµ֮Уȴ֣µֻʣ°ƣָе
һ̣ĿѣһĶ߰˿飬дûбŨصĺɱ
豭裬̵ˮۿ豭ɫ԰ףȴ㲻˾ͽһڲ豭̺˷֮²ڵΪôܶÿ
ڲ豭ͷϵʱȴȻ飬·ʲôУ¾㵵Ŀ֮Уǲ豭˷ĩɢΣЩˮҲһʧʧ
ǡ
µɴ۾ͿǰĿռ䱻˺ѿһ£ͷֳ̤һѪɫķ컭ꪡ˿ƮƮϥǣһأ
ӽüĿò㣬񣬵Ŀ̺ĳŭȴò
εɱһռ䣬ʱҲû˼͵Ƶ鱨ֻŰǰļ̵ķɱ
һһ٣ǵ˵Ҫͳͳȥɢֻأ
ͻȻ֣˾ͽºӶǱβ͵èһȻһŵʱǰԿǿߵı̬
Īţ˾ͽؾݵľ֮ĳ֣ϣġ
ٺ٣·㲻ߣ㴳֪壬ȴ׳һҵ͹Сеλããܺãǳã֪ôҪҾ͸øײеĥλıӣ۾ҲĥЧ
˾ͽѾɥĲЦʱȻһӣһ˲䣬ֻΧع΢ı仯ռȻ
ţǡѪ
ѪϹħͷΪ֮һһʱյع߱У
ѪҪǰãγɷԲҵ壬ʱ̤󸲸ǵﷶΧֻҪԤµ飬ͻȻΧѸСһԲɵСռУͨ
Ϊ壬Էǳã˸ԲϹħͷļ䣬ϤѪһǰϸ̽һȻܷѪ󣬵Ťռ֮УҪܿ˾ͽأȻͷŸ֪ûǰ֡
׳գǰ׳գ׳յûô׳յģԼһӾͿס˾ͽعЦ֪ʱ֮Լ벻Ķ֣Ƶڣץȴס
¿ͻȻ֣Ǿϲţȴд󼱣Ȼ֪ʲôѪ󣬵ȴ֪ЩѾú
ĽĺߣȦף
СˣǸ׳գСӳֵһעҪҵ壬ͱסˣ˾ͽߵӲЦŵһҲֵԺ飬ȻõϵܣȴΪ̳һˡ
һô˵ʱңҡ
ˮʱ絶ʣԸһЩԸԼжֱۣԸħ裬ҲԸΪ档
ߣСˣȻ޲ɼ㾹Ȼҵǻͷˣ¡⣬ȥŮϵ·˺ˣһҺڴһı飡
˾ͽصķԸһаЦݣ˾ͽ⡣
Լ±˫ۣɫ԰ףĿңڣĵȴԼԲ𡭡Բ𡭡ϧǡĲ
ѪУֻǳĬȫϵѪģϵʥ˸ŽӲӵĹâԽǷŭԺоԽͲ͸ˣҪֻǶϤУܷעԪס󷨡
ڵ龰˾ͽ⣬ͷôͨˣΪɨأʧأĻڱˡ
ԭΪŮһĲֵҲûϣû뵽㻹ͦģ֪ҽͽмħͷдһ
ĸСֶҲԶ֮һ£ŮΪ̫ͣɲ˶Ԫ˵ռأҲգҾʹһԵ˾ͽ˵Ц£ʱ˫Ŀ֮Ȼŷһ󾫹⣬ǰֻȥϢʱ䣬Ѫ㱻͸
Ѫһȣа֮ȫԪע뵽Ѫ֮УŲӶ󷨵ĿȨԭֻɷԲѪֱչʮɷԲ˾ͽ档

˾ͽһͷײ˴֮ϣѪӿðǡ
ô
˾ͽ⳹סȻĪѪ֮Уһ𣡣
ôܣ
˾ͽ⣬˾ͽغ˾ͽҲд󾪣ʶ̾ӣʱѪٴηΧǣ˼ʮɷΧһӽ˾ͽغ˾ͽҲֽˣ
һ˲䣬˸һ֮Уͻһ³֪
⡭ô£
˾ͽд󾪣ɫ˾ͽº˾ͽ׹ѣľ֣
ѪƲó󷨣ôܱƣ
֮⣬ȫ֪ʲôǿ˿־ĿҲ˾棬Щãʮȥŵûɢ
£СʱȻɳɣƾΪ֧һԮϵпܵģĪţ˾ͽһߴһҪܲܰϢȥ
ʱȻ˹Ѫꪶûãֱһץ˾ͽ⣬ӥץãһռ䣬öԷ㶼ܶһ¡
ĸң˾ͽŵɫץסһգ޿ɱܣһͯԳˣ޷֮ڵԪһ˲תɢֻ˾ͽء
СſҸƴˣ˾ͽعֽһһѪɫ䵶Ĳӣһ˲䣬˾ͽȴȻס˲ӣʢһѪɫ


917 ɱɱɱ
Ѫɫʢ˾ͽֻһεǵصçŴϢ޷ΥĤ֮ġ
֮УֻȫʧԪɢ޸֮Ƿ·˲˷ˣ˵
ô˾ͽػˣ׻ˣϰԼʵͻȻʧȥʵɷˣܲţ
ÿ˾ͽһֻۣץ˾ͽ⣬ץСһ˫ء
㡭Ҫʲô˾ͽ˫ţֻһǯ
˾ͽĲҺЦһ㲻Զ֮ҪԪ𣿺ٺ٣ҾԺԶòһС
㡭Ҫʲô˾ͽʱֻЦһֻħţƴҪתԪȻȴû˿ô
Ļ˫ץס˾ͽһϥǶ׼˾ͽ֮Ȼȥ

·𼦵˾ͽⷢɱһĲҽУֻ˫֮䴫ʹһƬ
ʣһϥײϵ˵Ĺܣ
Ϊߣʹĳǳǿ֣ȵҧҧܳŹȥĵرܲͬһ˵ڣʧϵĴԶԶϵʹࡣ
ұˡұˡ˾ͽ⣬־ΪǿߵľţȻˣ
˾ͽͫʧȥ˽࣬촽ţһ̣һƬҰ
Цһ˫ȻǡĿĵ죬˾ͽ˫ֱӱšϣһ˾ͽֱӰѪֽܵ˳
˾ͽⷢɱһĲҽУȫ
ôϵһصľţûû似Ԫûãֻƾ˺Сһ˾ͽˣǺεʵ
ͬӵһֻһӵ˾ͽ⣬ת˾ͽغ˾ͽ£
ʱ˾ͽȶڷ˾ͽ¸ŵһţؾҵʧɫʹĵҪ
ۿԼ˾ͽ¾ˤ˵ϣȽŲãסȥ˾ͽһһ֮УԪòƲɱǣͻҷˣ
Ҫ˺·ǧУ˾ͽ¡
ҡҲңң˾ͽ¶޳ˣĽǽھʵĻϣֵУʧȥǷˣʲôǣĽ
ڴ֮⣬´ĿһУЩ޷⣬ͨΪǰȴͨˣ޵ֿ֮
ҪɱңҪʲôУҸ㵱ūͣҪɱң˾ͽµ֮ԭͲ˾ͽº˾ͽɲļᶨв׺ˡ
ūͣߣҲҪ֪ʲôʳ
Ȼһץֱ˺˾ͽµ·Ȼһƴ˾ͽµĿڣ֣

һԪ˾ͽµ֮Уƻ飬ѪڵԪȫɢҲѣԪк
һƣ˾ͽµͨ
˾ͽµȻ֪ʲôɫң촽Ϊ֮Ůϰ˸߸ϵλãͻȻƶ˵䣬еʹ֪
һץ˾ͽ£ֱӳѪӸ¡Ѫڸͨʲôʱԡ
Ҳɱ㣬һͨɹɣͨȻȥϾиǧӽԺūͣţΥ棬źܵδزָܻһЩʵǧУ
˾ͽ˵˺ȥ·һƬƬĸ֮ʱȴеЩ˶ѡĳͷֶΡ
ΪūΪ͡˾ͽ촽ĸһˣɱܡ
ҲŹģ˾ͽȫֱ£Ҳŵֱ£ڵǰ޷֮
ˣĮߵ˾ͽصǰǷһ˿Ц
ʱͻȻһӵĽŲתһȴʮ߳˽дӵܣ׷ӡǵˡ
ʲô£֮ǰҽ֪֮̽ȴоⷽռ·ʲôˣЩ˴æϹȴҵһĻ

һۿϰ߽һʼ֣һֱʣ
ٺ٣˰Ǿͱˡ¶˲̵Цݡ


918 ʮɱһ
Ѿȫ˱ŭ֮УЩˣּңЮʣ棬ȥºͲּӵָܵȫ
ۿɱ磬˾ͽػ񣬵ƽ񽻸˾ͽغ˾ͽ˾ͽؼʶƵֶκĴ֮϶ֻҪһڽӣΪɱʱ̳һЩˣѺܶῡܶټˣȴŻɱһ̷ֵһЩô
ڳЩ˴ĵϵӵܣغδۿǳ˾ͽػˣЩ˿ߣǸո׼뵽ˣ˲ˣȻߣϼһҪһЩʱ䣬Ҳоȡ
˾ͽظողͷҪԪ֪ͨῡܸϽɢӿѾˡ
ѪƿѾԶ˾ͽص󣬾һգ۵ĹѪʮɣһӰ˶С
һץֱӰץϼ䣬ɫĮתˣɱ˵ǣȡ֮
Ϊ˭ΪΪܷΪƸΪ꣡˾ݵľ֮󣬺ܿ췴ӦΪնѾơ
Х⥣ʯ֮䣬˴ӻһƤڴһӣ޴黨Ƶķֻ黨ɵֲ޴ɵٻޡ
ٻһͷͨ⥣øʨƣֻʨӴʮֹ
һ֣ͰѿĴռȥСĿռ䣬˾ͽؿ֮ϲ⣬Х⥣峤Ȼõʥޣ֣С֣
Х൱ڶǿߣټʥǿХ⥵ս˾ͽҲضãһֻХټǿߣ²ܻҲս뽩֣Ļƺܿͻϵʱڣ
˾ͽڿϣֻҪֵܼǾӮˣ
𣡡
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ʥǿ󣬲ͻ൱ķ˫ߣһצ˳ȥ춯أһɽبǰҲᱻ˺
⥣ߣ⥴˵Ϊ֮ӣƾǵ΢֪Ѫ֮ҲҳΪХ⥣ȥɣ
ЦһŶݼ׿аֳִ֮ѪȻѪ֮ϣ׻ཻ֮ͬʱע˺ս飡
սһʱΧĺɿռʤǳֻǸոճצϵͱĥһ룬ʱĴѪ䣡

Ѫ⥵צӺ޻ڵײһХȻѪ֮צȴκױѪһײ̷ʯӵľ졣
Ȼʱ򣬴Ѫꪵ˸һɫ⣬ԭɱĴѪꪶʱֳһɺءۻƣķҲ˲޿ƥУ
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꣡
Х⥵צֱӱѪꪽ飬ѪҺ
𣡡
⥷һʹȻʵֻ൱ڶǿߵôĶ֣
ѪȻһֱХ⥵زһ˳ȥ
ʲô˾ͽغһ˲ɴ۾ȻûָܹģҲû뵽൱ڶǿߵ⥣Ȼһͱ˵ɳȥжǿʵѾӽµһ
ʱ䣬Ϊɣʵӽµһˣ
һʱŵʱѾɱǰ
ȡ
ѪһѪһ̳ɭꪷ棬һֻȫԪȫˣ޿ɱܣ

һ̣˱ȫǱֽгһ߳ĺ񱳵ִؿڣȻһھѪں񱳵ϣſ˺ɿռķѹƣڵó˵е
Ѵ󵶱˳ĿѪɫԪХն
һ˶һѪΪնһն̺ʹͬʱꡣ
˵ѹһھѪķҾնжԷԼҲܵ˶ܳһʱ䣬ʱóȫǱƲѣһ̾ͻȥ
ս飡
ҲѪꪺХ£һ򷨣
䣡
ޱȵս鱬ѪɫâĶѪصĴǱ񱳵ϣֻһ죬Ʒıͱһ飡
âƿ񱳵֮Ըı˷ȴɵصײ˵Ұϡ
һʱ䣬·ϣ˵ҰӶ˸ϡãʺ⡢࣬ȾѪĶϹɳ

˷һ˺ѷεĲҽУ嵹ɳȥһҪֻǶֶϽţĵرܲС飬ҷζѪǺҩܲˡ
һ˰ӵһصˤ˵ϣѪ
ӣӣ
ӵŵɫǿߣȼѪƴһǰȴͬһֻһһĹ˭Ҹ
ǣѪԳһռ䣬ܣӣ
һ˲ʧˣٶȣ˲׽Ӱӡ
һգ۵ʱ䣬һʮ󣬴ΪɣȻԶԶﲻ˾ͽɲ˵ĳ̶ȣͲʮܹ꣬Խһɸ֣Ҳһϣ񺣣ϵӵкܲһ

һȭҳȭȻһ³һѪͬһһ̱ڵأʹ
С֣ɱ㣡˾ͽͷɢĿѣڵûκôв
㣿ɱǾ͸ֵˣһὫĨȥĮΪһ٣ٶĴĵߣЩͼԸԼˣҪͳͳɱ⣬ǰЩῡܣϼּӵвҪɱʱֵһЩôЩˣ־Ϣ
󻯳ҲҪʬΣ˾ͽЪ˹Ĵ󺰡
ߣ뻯ɹõΪֻᣬҾͲˣЦһıʾ꣬һӡǶʧĸɸɾܳʲô
˾ͽѳϣȴû뵽гһգȻҪ˳裡
һʱ䣬ŵɫҰף


919 
ͬȺɱЩӵͬɱһȭɱһˣûκ
ȡȵȣҪɱңҸûּˣ޹ģһΪڣȥģߴſǻ˵
ô
ЦһһưߵϣӿУĶħѻ
ʩߺͱʩߵǿȺΪ޴ʱͿʹѻ±ԷӡȾ
ûּˣѻ껹ãһѻʱðɣ꣬ŰɱּҺüŮӣȻЩŮͲʶЩ̵Űɱַȴ˫ĿѪ졣
ħߣԲ̣֮ʱ̵ֲԾͻֳ
ᣬȻ˶񶾣ɱһˣ൱ǧ飡˵䣬Ȼһħߵͱ飡
˾ͽѾ췢ˣƴѪڣȻʵֱڵ֮УпƿƲµĴ
һ߲ͻȻüһţ˾ͽ
֣һ֮ǰڽеߺȻ˾ͽ
˾ͽþòǷһ˿΢Ц
ƵľŻϣ˾ͽ֪ħʼ۵ĴУȻҪѴж͹ʵǱӡ
һ壬˾ͽٴθͻＥħľҲһдѪˡ
˿νԩ·խ˾ͽԭȺ֮У±תۼ˱ɱһ룬˾ͽҲɱıˡ
л˵˾ͽȴ֪˵ʲô
ɣ
˾ͽˣʲô˵һӡ
㲻ú˾ͽЪ˹ĲҽУȴһƴࡣ

һĲҽѪῡܱɱ⣬˾ͽ˫ĿѪ죬ƴײѪ󣬵ȴ˿ûн
ֳִѪꪣһ˾ͽ˾ͽ̱ڵϣɫҰܣо
䲻ϣ˵ҪԼ裬ĳ
裬˾ͽؾͻս֪ٴóĥԼĵˣζ
ҪԾɱڵԪȫܲٿˡ
⵽ʲôôô
Сּ֣ӵָܵƶеģ־һ˾ͽطĴ󺰣Ҫŭһɱ
ЦˣЦụ́ܲûôף㵽ҾҪĥ㣬ȥ
˾ͽؾʱͻȻһƬƣһɳľ޴ͭһֻߴĺ¹ūһץסһִǣͭףһ꣬Ϲ΢Цݵͭ׵Ĺ׸֮ϣ·ɽˮһ㣬֮
ȻǸϹħͷİӵµһ˵ʵ컯˻Ҫǿһ컯Ҫƴó飬¾Ҫϡ
ڰ󣬻߰˸ۼǿߣЩһ࣬ҪôϳƬҪô֣߳纣߰βͣЩ˿壬ǶǱϹħͷշ¡
ܴ½ʥħ½ڵλ棬½صֻռС֣ǺϺຣĴһ޾򣬺еĵۼǿҲ½϶ö࣡
ЩǿߣλΪصǵд󲿷񺣳ΪСڣһӽ񺣺ڵϹһֻ
ϹħͷֶΣڶܺ͹ŵЩһЩôټǿʵҪǲѡ
껹ļǿߣ˾ͽط·ˮ֮˿һľдϲĴЦ
ˣ첻ң첻ң
ˣң
˾ͽش󺰡
㻹ҹħ̫߹ˣΪɵҲ֪壬ȴ벻㻹ǸҲã·
һӣһ鱻飬Ѫˣ
סԼĴڱƣ˾ͽؼֱҪ޳ˣͷӳĸо޷ݣ
˾ͽظоԼʱָ࣬ԹĿһۣźС֣һΪ츶ʹĴۣ㱻֮գҪĥһǧ꣡
һ˾ͽչƴɶݹȥȻոշɳȴͻȻãе·ңԶƺһռ֮УܲΧ
εҲٶѸţ
˾ͽһӻˣֵˣң
ƽѪʱȷʵɢҲֻһ˲ѣ´߶ħ⣬γĺɿռ䣬ԲһǧٶֱӰ˾ͽظ
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һЦɱˣΪס
٣㻹ǹ޴Ѿǲõ֮УΪԼƿؾˣһССΪƲ𣿡˵ţȻȥһڿγ־ħƹĹצҪĺɿռ˺ѣ˾ͽؾȳ
кâһȫħ⼱תɿռȻģһ˿ǳĻɫںɿռţǺ֮ĳΣ
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ʲô
ۿԼһûƿ˾ͽأ߳ŭ
ʱһУкɫг֣һε˾ͽϣֱӰץ˹

˾ͽطһɱĲҽУȻȴΥ治ɴ嵹ɶأʱֳִѪꪣֱָ˾ͽصıġ

˾ͽؼһɤӶˣȻʱ޵ֿ֮ĿԼײ˴ѪǺɭɭС
ۣ
Ѫ䣬һꪲ˾ͽصļϣʶǣбҷΣֱӶ˾ͽصأͰһֻһ˴Ѫ֮ϡ
ǿߣʹԲ飬ͲӰ˾ͽرסȫԪȴɱܡ
Ѫ£˾ͽһֱҵţƴȻȴͬǩ˵ƣôûãһ̣г˾ˡҡ
дŭżµ˵Ҫס˾ͽأתۼͱһꪴƣǺݺݵĳһǶ⡣


920 ɱ
ôѪꪴ˾ͽأЦſе꣬аǰɣôֻһأ
õϹħͷļ䣬Ҳ˰ϹħͷĹϵϹħͷǵ·ֻԪİеһ죬£Ϲħͷհ
˱Ԫ˴ˣ漣֮ǿϹħͷʱ䷨֮⾳ıʱ٣֧ʮ꣬ʱţ漣֮ķӡԵɶǿ׼ķ˴ۣ
ȻҲΪǱȽˣûб漣֮Ϊٸߣٵȸʮʱ䣬Ҳǲܳˡ
ٺ٣ħڱչأô˹㣿Ҳ޴֮Уͻޣע¶į塢áӡĸǴҴҹͶѣȻΪһԼϵļգЦֳԵ֮ˣ̸ʲô֮̽·̸ʲôУ
ԼԸȷʵԼֱ֮ӶҲûаʤԷʼ֮ģҪҡ
Ц༥һУڤڤ֮жҪ̻ԵǾ벻ˣ˲㣬Ҳ޷ɳزۣ翣ȴͨһδվȴԸͷͨսʤۣͬʤϵһ𣬱֮ˣͷͨǷ飬մԵ֮Уܿܿɺ쳾ٻϲһоһȴӵΪäĿնǱǳԵδˣĲϽʶʮǿΪȴԵѴԻһССޣ۳Ե
֪䣬ѾλߵƣǰΪﵽ֮ϣʮǰս֮УҲһССޣҳݡ
ڽΪ֮ʱ˵ֻǿ׿ԽļʶǿĴʵ츳ţ˾˿ͻأ
û뵽Լ֮ģȴļҷƫƫһʱ֮Զԣ
ǹ֮ġԵıۣѾˡ
ӣ߳ŭһССߣȻҲңǲ֪
ΣҪס˾ͽأȴҵս֮ϣܣ
ããã˵֣㻹֪ɣϼⷽԲʮﷶΧͲ»Ȫھ󣬰ͬϼ壬ЩʲôԵһɻȪ֮ҿͷܲͨ
һ£߰˸ĸֶ˷ɢȪһ飬Ϲħͷ֮ͨһ֡
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һǧĺɿռ䣬ʵγһͶӰ˴ɣǣ
ϼ䣬գ
ߣγһ޴УԪ׷ϼ壬ĸ֪֮£ӵܣǵżѾߡūţèȫͬһЩסլ¥󶼱𣬵žϼУ
Щܳѹһ˲ʹȥֻ֮䣬ϼ嶼ϼ䡣
񺣴˵һǳռ䷨֮вѣѵҪһڲ㹻Ŀռ䷨
ʥıƷʥ֮ҲΪλϵȣҪ֪ҸԣѪɱԭԭɲҲǽĲƱ뱦֮УΪҲûдĿռ䷨û
ӵϼ䣬Ҳֻ°еˣȡϼȴ㹻ˡ
ţĿռ䱦Գһ磿һĿȻϼ֮ϣıҲûСϻڶ࣬ƺͨһЩ֮֮ǰѪǱ㷴ˣȪȴǲͬԵݣǾ˺޴ƽ⣬ƽⲻˣڣһУ˵ʵδرȵùңǿҲҪڴˣ
˵䣬ǰ˸ǿͬʱתԲʮķΧ춯أƹݳǣ
ٺ٣٣ɱ˺Ҫ˴ӦǵһǴֵһǿ˵
ҰԼСϵĲƸҪɣһģһ帽͵ǺϲƸķҲʮֿɹˡ
ħ˵ʱ⾳ϷҲǺܸȤ
İ˸ǿ߹Цţ˵䣬뽫ע뵽Ȫ֮У¡¡һʱ䣬·޵Ǵˣ
Ѫ֮оԼƺʮ˲֮С
ȪѪͬɱһ֮Ե߶ҲŲ룬ңҪƽҲֻܿԵоŸǿһ֣ǵȪںΪһԿ̫ܣ
Ȼһžâͬҹ֮е׵磬ա
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ǣ
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һ˲䣬ȫȻȴûʹ似еעħɿռ֮С
ѪţɿռȻǿ
ȪȻҲϾǷ򣬸͵סһйĺɿռ䣬һʱ䣬ڣ˶֮ڡ
ս飬ںϣ
üɫĺս飬սӳںɿռ֮УɿռķΧٶ
ɿռȻǿһֻ̣áһ죬񺣳ǿϵĻԪֱӷ飬ǿҲһѪӿȻڻԪ飬Ȫȴضϣ
ʲô
ǿ߶ɫ󾪣ûһ£ֻƾػôܣ
ħ⣬ɱĮ³仰˫ȭһϣķӰ˵֮УʹһʺĿͬһѪһ㣡
һ̣ɿռ֮˿˿֮ξ˻籩籩һ񺣳ڵǿĿǵ籩биѪ飬籩һҲ


һı죬񺣳ǿֱ屬飬ɳʲôû£ţĸҲǴѪԪƣǶʱŵøεѡ
ӣӣ
ǣħԳɺɿռ䣬̸ף

ΪǸҲڻ籩֮б壬˸ðʱ˾ͽػڴѪ֮ϣſзһĻɫҰֽȫ
ħǸħ˾ͽѪ


921 
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ң
־ŭôҲû뵽Լһͬİ֣ûѾ˴롣
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ɫìȫͻҴһǿ߿ֿ֮ʱˣ
һӰ˾ͽشӴѪ˦˳ȥѪ˾ͽдֱ˺ѣһʹļС
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һֱ̣ӻһ磬ٶȿ쵽˼ĳ̶ȣĹֱգͬʱȴͬ˲һһ޵ſһҳ
ʮصĴѪꪣںϺս飬վ飡
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һꪻɱһˣûκͣתۼֳһǿߣҲΪߵһѾӽ񺣺ڡ
ۿһĸŵúë屩˳ȥ
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ˣ˴ޣȫ
ʱ˾ͽأȴһ̱ʯ֮УĿһеķ촽ֵ㣬ħоԼֱһһ㣬־ܱˡ
ôᵽ̶ֳȣôᡭ
˾ͽض˵ʱ˾ͽصߣ˾ͽ亹ֱ
ţǺӲû
ɱҡ˾ͽϣһעһ
׼˾ͽصĴȣѪ̶ֱ
ۣ
˾ͽصĴͬͷһйᴩ˾ͽزҽһͷ£ųϣһֻɽһȵ
˾ͽأٶת
ɫ԰ףüֱ֪ˡ֪ʲôˡ
˵Ͼһ˿־֮ɫõǻԪ⡪ħǻԪǿս֮һԪƾݺܵУܡܡôѧħ
ʼˣǧ磬ͨ似򣬹ھͨȴΪޣǵа˹似ط귨ȵȡ
ЩͨиƺţΪ䣬ƺŵģǼƷͨеļƷͨܵõеһ֣޳֮ƾݺʥܵõеһ֣ȥôպͻᷢչһ󳬼Ӱһ磡
ȻǰܱסȻѪȷ磡
ϵĹ࣬硶顷ŷЩģҲմı߶ڡꪾȸ¼̫һǾ͸˵ˣƷʱȡŷһΡ
йܳƵֻһ֣Ǿǡа֮
а֮طʵ䣬ΪѵãܵõȫǴ¡
ҲѹְħеޱȳԾͿ־壡
ȻԪ䣬ħֻǻԪеһ֣ǲ䣬ȻˣҲΪ֮ۺ죬Ϊ֮
ôܡôܣѵ漣֮õ˻ԪĴУƵĶгһܵõĻԪ⣬ôֻҪ䣬ǰ;һŻΪ湦


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һ䣬ȫԽսͱڣʵսֻǿ˾ͽ죬ұŷұ;Ŷ̫ﻹ˺ܶ࣬ûпɱԣƾɿռ䣬ȴһӽʵܹ࿹ľ硣
ܴģľ޾ѧ֮Щˣԡ񡱵ĳƺЩ䣬ģƽ궼һ֣ϡ̶ȿ֪ܶûлϰһ䡣
֮УΪһ֣Ϊⲻѧϰڣֻ򣬵һ⣬Ǿ˸ԸԼֳһγӣֽ֮УֱӴˡ
һûԸֳԼͨҲֻΪ˽𾳽磬־⵽˼ߵĳ̶ȣֳԼγӣˡ
԰ļʶͲ֪һ㣬ŻĪôҲ벻λħ⡣ʵϣϳħ⣬Ϊʮǰμ˶ԻԪսۼԪתħ˲ɱǧߣЩˣÿһвڰʵһĻðľսӡΪ̣ݣʶִ˵е⡣
û뵽˴ﵽ̶ֳȣ伶ĻԪⶼѧһ֣֪ɱ㣬ܷõԪĴУ
䣿üһϹħͷļгֹҲ˽⣬ȷʵĻԪ⣬ƺš
䲻֪ж֣ҵа֮ŵʲôȼԪಿܹõ漣֮ħôĻԪﵽʲô̶ȣ
Ժһ˲Щͷʱˡ
ȪʧЧֻԼƣɫԪһ޴ĺɫӰɫӰмʮɳȣһоŸͷǴ˵еĶ޾ͷߣ
ǳͷһ壬Ҳһ壬ӵ˵ͷ߲ޣˣͷһѪȹŷһΪŨԾͷһҲ˿ѷɫ塣
Ǭ
ƽɫìľͷӰſŸѪڣΧԪҵ궯
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Ÿ޴ͷһֱֲ
Դӳ漣֮Ľһֱ˥ڣԭ㶯ѪȴƲѣ˵ɱܱɱ
ЯžͷߵӰصײںɿռ֮ϣʮɳľͷ߳ɿռ䣬ʼ˺ҧҪѿռϱ˺ƣ
Ե̰ĲԼ壬ͷ߸ⷽﵽ˼£Ÿ޴ͷ죬ʶͷҲ
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겻ʩչѪҪɿռƿֻҪɿռһƣͲĶ֡
Ҫҵĺɿռ䣿Ƿһ˿Цش߷ڷ֮£ͷҲ߷Ҫ̺ɿռ䣬㣡
Ѫһȫǽ죬аѿеѹٶ£ɿռ䱩ǿֱӰͷųľͷӰûˡ
籩
Ѫһָεĺ֮γط籩ɫͷɱһһʱѪɣ籩飬ɫ䣬Ʋ֮
Ѫ֮ѸţҲܣǾͷӰ̫ǿɿռҲҪĴԪټȼչŷ֮Ѫģʵ֧֣Ҳ޷ʱ֧š
ۿԼľͷ߻Ҫɿռɣ˫ĿѪ죬ֳɫìֱӳ˽

ɿռ䱻˺ѣɫͷӰںΪһǵȫⱩǣ°ȫɺɫ߹ɣγһͷĹŸͷȫһģһ
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һھѪɫҫ۵ĹâϺգ籩ֱ˺飬ɿռҲǵ죬Ѿظˡ
սֵز˶óȫı죬û˿֣˵ƴˣ
׻֮磡
ۿɿռ䣬аѿУе׻֮ȫ׻֯һʱ䣬·ȼһ̫صײһ
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ڴѪɫìཻһ̣ʧɫ޹⣬վԪ±ɿռ࣬ҲѹסȻһ̣üĴâ˸һǹսХ
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Ӱħõˡħһ깥ķֱʹãսļӳɣȻ쳣ǿİҲ̫Ч㲻ܾˡ
䲻⣬֮ʣǾʹһˣոս壬ͻȻϮȴ˰һֲ
ֻþ֮𣬴Գһ˲ĿհףֻǶ̶̵Ŀհףڸֶս֮ȴת
䣡
âìͬʱըֲĳ˺Ѻɿռ䣬ɫһףħ⣬嵹ɳȥңԪըĳ˺飬ؿһƬѪģ
쵰
ͷɢѪȻЩ˻ԪǶ˵ȴܴ裡
൱񺣺ڵΪȴһɵսֵزܻܲ
ƫƫȫκβ⹥һĺɿռʵ̫ˣʵ߳࣬ȴΪ
ȻһռϷ磬ҪʤȴѣֳִѪꪣɿռķΧѹʮ֮ڣʡԪ
ŷ֮ѪȼʱͿȥˡ꣬ӵоͷѪָҲ١
֣걻Լ֮ؿѪ䶯һٶȻţôȥǱ˭֧ŵľá
߶ɿռ䣬ȼչŷ֮Ѫľ޴󣬵ǰ߶Ѫ֮ͬСʤ˵
ʱǰͻȻһҵĻ⣬ǳ봫ĹâԽ߰˰ľ
ܴ½ӵִҲֻһǾˡ


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е֮󣬷ߺ޵ĿһۣСӣˣһ֮󣬾ڣ
˵꣬廯һ⣬򱱷ֱȥ
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µһ˵ʵ֪ƵʵΣǰĻƾǽϹħͷҲɡ
ţϹħͷȻһ죬ֻʣ²ȱ壬ûսֻһսʱϣҪƵδؼñ°
ʮǰɻɱѪɱԭԭǸħߣһǶħۣһǳĺħֱۣ൱ڣ񺣺ڵǿߣٶȱչأʵǣѾɱǿߣҲӵµһ˵ʵҲ壬ֻǲ֪ȥûзʲô
ţһϼ֮Уӳ˾ͽأʱ˾ͽأȫѪģ׵ǱضϣȱѾһһ㣬ȫԪֻ
С֣ɱң
˾ͽ˫Ŀб޵Ļ⣬͸ҲѾ޻·ԣҲҲȻˣʹ졣
ˣҲûжûˣ㲻ͬ㻹дõ껪ϧҲ˶ˣһģ
ĮĿ˾ͽһۣҵ˵㡣
ߣģĺѿ屻˵ɼ£껯ɷɻң˾ͽؽԹ˫ĿѪ죬˵ʲôʱͻȻһŲֱӲֹǡ
С֣ⱨӦģ˾ͽԹĺ
Ӧ֮ǰɱǹɱ쾭壡һץץס˾ͽصĲӣôץ˾ͽشʱȫû˹ͷһ㣬ץһֻһ
𡪡
󣬸ֳһֻ޴ĶħӰֻħͷϳǣħצֱץսġͭ塢顢ӡž۹ħӰܣĤݣһ֮ɫ
⡶ħҲǳħе깦Ȼ㲻϶˵ȴǳʵã䲻깥ӸūӡҪõѻ
򵥣Ҫ̫Ĺһ׷ǳõĹɷ
ħħצֱץס˾ͽصĲӣ˾ͽһֻβ͵èһ㡭Ҫʲô
˾ͽطһ˺ѷεĲҽУħһֻһֻֽһ⼣߰ߵĺüġ
ȻħҪöľ֮ȥ
˭ۿԼԴһҲҪεѡ
ħֻֻ֣ץ˾ͽصĲӣһֻ󴸣Ȼȥ

һ̣˾ͽط·鲣Է˻Ʋҽ
һһ˾ͽصȻĻǣüıӲҪǻħӰ⡣
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˾ͽشУֱߣȻһȴ߲ˣ峹ȥȫ룬ڻħϻһ֮ϣһʹŤף˾ͽص
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飬˾ͽطһҽУƬħȥ
Ŀ֪ѰԼмֵϢѻȻħƬֻܵõٲģļ䣬ҪѹܣһϢ¼ѡ
š˾ͽҲ֪ڸʲôԿ϶ǣƵʵٴͻͽңƺһطֻҪһʱ䣬ҵλá
ΰȥѾҵĵף֪ҵʵ£ǻʵʩļƻĻ֤жԸҵİա
΢΢ˣǸ̫̣Ķ˼ɵµ޻Ҳûиеô֡
޻֪֪ףܹԼ޻ʵԱȣ֪ʲôʱаսʤԶŻ˳ǹʱ򣬺˳Ľ޻նɱ
ƣȴûκΰա
˹壬Ӧֲֻõһ壬̽ҵʵѣûָɱҡ
˹壬Ҳ˵᲻϶Ҳһֱ˹һ꣬ĻڲûȰǿ٣κβ
˹ֻһ̽ɱӦûں档
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һ죬˾ͽص곹׷ɻˣ˫ۣѻõмֵϢ࣬Ϣ֮⣬һǿмֵϢǣڵ֪ԼôҴġ
֮ʱľ߱飬òҲ¶˳
ƾԵʵɱŷұǶ˵ľѪָ˱ħɵԪóһغ򴫳У֮壬ǿ׷ӡǣƿĴ
ƿĴƾչ˶ѲĻҲȻ֪ݵݷ硢ľȺ˶ǵȻҲ֪⼸ʶûв鵽ǵϡ
Ĵһ֪ݣǾĮһ
飬һΪ޻Ųִ֣һΪ塱һ檡
һг𣬳Ȼˣ˵ƻ˺ô
һĮܺá
һɱԭĮȻйڣǼƽϣĮֻһʥأڵʵ־
ڣΪĮһԭϼ廹¶˴ѣĥ꣬ͱҪˡ
û㹻ʵʱóȻͷ֮޴ΪһһͷûܱɱôùľԼģ׳ΪƷ
ѾĮһж̣
ʱּӵܣµ˶˹һȺ֮࣬Ϊ׵ϼļɽ
ٴοɽ˼ʮָӣ꣬ĺ󱲣Ѿվĸ߶ˣȫ磬ûκν
ɽߣȴ鲻ǰתۼʮȥۣпǧ


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ʱ˵ǼµĴҲһӦĹԼ֮ȡóɾͣҲܳΪˣڣЩ˵Ѿ㲻׷ˡ
ʱҸۡȼξǸ游׼磬Ĺǽǣһѷ޹ǵһͷͷ֫ɸֲϣŸ׽Ƴɸʳ
֮⣬ּûཻ̫
תۼ䣬ʮȥˣԶǧ˵ʮʵ΢ʱ飬ȴڻǰ飬ѾΪңԶģˡ
ּӵܶձ֣λ÷ɽּķ˴壬ɭϣڷȻܻڡ
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ʵԴ뿪֮״ﵽʲô̶ȣּӵѾ޸ˣֻ֪Ϊ˾ͽصǰҲĹѾȫЩ˵ˡ
ּҵһЩӵܣ֮󶼿ʼΰһЩˣⲢ֣˹ĹأǼôؼʡ֮ʱǼʢ£Ҫȫԡдͣ棬죬Ҫס
ڣĵλ֪˹һ˶ٱ԰մĹأǰ˶Ҫ
ּӵڶ࣬Ǳͬū;ǧˣôһ壬ȴû̫ĹУĿˣǸĸԼСֻԶס
λҲܲ뿪Ѱ֮·Ҳû뵽ּҴ˴󸣺ʹԴϴ޳֮δ̤ɣһ벻ǡ
ֶ˵⻰ɷˣֻҪպĪ˵һƣҽҲüġ
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ﻹһЩҩȻ˵ûʲôã˷ȥȴ٣һټʮԪ⣬ʣЩΪ׼ģеʦˣͻ徳磬Ϊͻͽֳˣͻ졣
˵䣬óһҩЩҩҲ֪ǴЩɱϵõģǵͼҩС˵ȴ
⼸ʮúͻ鵤Ʒۺ죬뵱Ϊõһö쵤ѵ˼Ϳɼһˡ
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΢ִֽóһ׿ܣһʮ˸һɷòͬԵĶħ
ǵʬµģЩҲʬ˵ʱõģʬ˽פЩܾòˣֻضѣҲûκôڵóˡ
һӡӡǣֹעԪְɽԷһЩ͸ּּܴѣƾöָӿܣɹѡö򣬾ͽּƹܰɣΪȥ
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ˡƽ˵һܵɱȫˡ
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ڡҡҡͷȻֱӰΪֻӰպĽΪںȫϸСԪһֱ޵ûκ谭
һöҩ֣꣬պһٸһЩԴӦÿͻˣһǧǧҲֻܰﵽ֮󣬶̫̫ѡ
˵ţƿеһö鵤͵µߣ׽£ҩҩºͣް
£ҧ촽ĿĿһ޷飬վ鵤ϸϸ׽
ҩڣһʮɬǰ˵ӰͻȻֹסеˮĿˡ
ʶ̫̫࣬Ҳõ̫̫࣬޷Ĩȥļ䣬̡
һЦֲ۽ǵˮ˵һȥһطպаɣպһ뿪磬Ҳлᣬһٻ߰ɡ
һУȴǣңΪպ׼
Ȼ֪ƵĴʲôʣ֮һս޿ɱ⡣
ʱԶǧ֮⣬ϥһ͹Ľʯ֮ϣ£һƬѪʬѪ֮иЩʬЩͨڣӲЩѪɷ죬ЩӨɢ
ʣЩʬǰһܣҪ졢ŷұǿö࣬ڰǧɫİ׻ʶǿ
Щʬǣܶ඼ʮǰֻǿߡ
ѪʯѪԶߣһâһͭףڹ֮һ꣬ǰ
ħһʲô£ƶĽʯϣһ


925 Į
ʱ꣬ûʲô仯ѾȻͬǰƣƮƮʳ̸ţӢǷһǾǡ
Ȼڵƣ·һˣҲҲյӰӣһѪĳۣӵһ볨ţ¶ļţеļ̣Ө覡
üһ͵ĺߣͷ⣬мԲһֻ۾һ㣬ƾոһ
ᷢת䣬ΪԽԽӽħʡ˵׶ΧϰȻƫƮݳϰħƫħѪ
ԭΪ˴µֶκڵ츳ʵ˭ΪǾŶһ˭Ҳû뵽漣֮к󣬾Ȼ˱ʣɱԼүүְױƵ·ߡ
֮Ʋӹ˾ŶҽĴҲѾΪףڣںĴôͻὨһƷţ
ƷǿΪϣһ񺣵ΪʥأƷǿΪϣµһΪ䣬ʮѧֵµһʮˣƷţ
ÿһƷ֣ĪƼȫ½еʢһʱ
Ĵΰҵ
ʱƱ˫Ŀޱ飬ȻȻɢһ˵ƣ޷
ħΪνһ
ϥأڵϹħͷԽԽϹħͷ˸֣Ȼ漣һսϹħͷʧ֮꣬ϹħͷѪռڶʮǰһսĴʬǣȡǵڵϹħͷѾָһս֮ʵʤ԰Ҳˡ
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Ϲħͷ˵ûпĴսƾ֮ǰݻĲȱϢһЩóۡ
ƺЩǲòϣ֪̳һǿûĻӦǻԪԪһֻ֣һΧγһֵĿռ䣬ڲݺһǧһͷʧЧԶ̹ҵì͸һǧռ֮ͱɣκβҽֿռڲսĻȫԪĹŹַѹƣκβ
ҪûֵĿռ䣬֮ھܻɱߺ޵˵սʹĸоʮֱ
ţԪ⣡ϹħͷȻ˫ۣΪ֮ݣΪμӹʮǰսĿùԪתԪ˲ɱǧǿߵ龰ϹħͷȻ֪ĸζʲô
һӵʱ䣬˵֮ǰƽʮ֮ǰһֱ츳ƽƽǴʮ֮һʰ̶ʮʱ䣬ɳ˳̶ȣȻʮʱһĻԵһɣǳԵԪйء
ǼľڵĺɫУѵǻԪĳΣ
ϹħͷţԻԪ⣬ҲֻǼʶȫ˽⣬˻Ԫľ磬ѾЩܹˡ
ħϹħͷ֪ȻҲȫ²ⲻʮʱԲŻ⡣
Ϲħͷ˳˼ֺõ˵ʲôɱ֮Щħ˵ģֻΪ°ˣ
˵ϹħͷڴЦ˵Ĳٹһʱ䣬ҵĴѪͻɣʱɱܵõ˺ϵܣ
Ϲħͷ˵䣬һΧѪأ˵ϴ뿪żµʱ䣬ѪصѾֱյɣȥ²ѪԲɣ
Ѫ꣬ϹħͷɱŷұһΪͳĴΪǵľѪ
Ϲħͷ֮壬ɱ˲֪ޣЩ޵ѪѪأϹħͷֽһЩǰ漣֮ռȥǿߵŹѪ֮УűѪ
ЩƷǺܸߣ˵еĸߵȼ޷ǳܴ࣬ﵽ񺣼ޣһɵ֮УңѹҲ֧Ų˶ã˵ɱˣѼЩǿߵŹȻɱϾʮʱ䣬ѪѾɿݣò󡣡
Ϲħͷҡͷ˵
һô˵ħνһΪȥɱһЩޣȡһЩѪҺ񹦴ˣ
ϹħͷͷȷʵҪµľѪֻ㲻̫ܻɱڵޣ񹦲һԲͼ޵ľѪѾЧˡ
ǺãǿȻɱ޵Ѫ֮Զ޳ӯ˼š
ʱϹħͷͻȻһ˿΢Ц˵ѪҺȻЧޣܹӵ֮ѪǾˣϹŷѪͷѪƷʼѵѪ
ţϹħͷ˵жȻһݣһɺڶǾͷѪ

Χͻ䣬һŨĳɫ֣Ϲħͷ棡
Ѫ
֮ǰסѪͬѪϹħͷ֣һӴѪ֧ţͬնҲƿοԶ
ħ㡭ŵĿϹħͷΪϹħͷ£Ϲħͷֵ֪֮زҲϹħͷṩԴôϹħͷĲû뵽гһգᱻϹħͷϼ̳
ȥѪƷվУĳɳٶ̫죬ûʱˣֻһԲҪѪ㾦֮ã񺣺ΪǰﵽߵڣϵľͷѪҲ㹻ˣԣֻС㣬ȫˡ
Ϲħͷޱ˵κθ顣
˫ĿѪ죬ֳɫì絶ôҲû뵽гһձԼصĶ˱ѡ
ħҲţ漣֮ʵûûκսҶıӻ֣ħʮʱ䣬ȴ˶ң
ϹħͷĮĿ˰һۣ˵ȥѾûκ壬㷴ңʮǰʱ򣬾˽ƣټĴɱ練ơ
ҲţҲţƵĶϹħͷ۾ͻȻд𣬻Ȼ򣬡㡭㲻ħƣħħأħңҪɱң
󺰣ǰȴɫĮ·һоƿ֮С
û뵽㵹ϳңҲħҾңƣ˵վ·鸩ӷһ㿴¶һ˿Į


926 ֮
ܣܣľ״̬üΪȶӡħôʵ
ûʲôܵģ㰲ĵȥ׷˰ɣ˫һץµѪضʱһѪ˳𣬻˾޴ߡ
ûǣͲ֪ˣôӵڵôվƬ½۷壡Ъ˹ĺ˫ĿѪ죬޲ýǰʬΡ
壿ЦƭСĻ˵ô֮䣬ֻ໥ãҴûŹǣҲûŹң֮ǰӶ֣ħͷ񹦴ɣҲΪļƷ߸ɴ౻ᡣ
ƴֽгһʺıͬѪصļʤǰ
ƽ۽棬һĨѪ˽ϣѪΣ
ħħ㱻ӡѣѣ
תȫע֮УγһɽХһڳȥ
һ־ͷһе似Ϊ־ע֮ɱУεΪЧֳķʽϹħͷ
ƸΪĵ㲻غˣ漣ɵ˴ʵǸʱұ֮ʱһٽѹơɣЩ꣬ΰݵħƣ㺰ƺҲ
ʲô޷״񣬡ûĨɱӡǣɱ˵ʧңôܣôܣ
Ĩɱħͷľӡǣֻǽӡһǻᾭ˸ʧ֮УңֲԼ˭ЩҲֻƾ־˷պΪߣ㹻֮󣬱ħͷ곹ľӡĨȥ䣬һ
ɼ뾫ӡӡɣ߲ɷָҪĨɱϹħͷľӡǣҲżһ٣ʱϹħͷļҲЧˡ
һϯðзƼֱһӣ
Ȼ˵赭дʵͬɱû˻Լ꿪Цνƾ־˷˸ʧ״̬ΪգһʧܣᾫңΪӡ
˵ƾߣħͷľӡҲǼѼѣΪѾںϣҪ̸ף㲻ͬԼļҲһĨˡ
ƻѡΣյʵΪҪϹħͷ֪ʶϹħͷԱʱȻʧ˴꣬µⲿ֣ȴϹħͷľͼ䱾ԴҪö࣬Ҳ֮е飬Ϲħͷħ֮ж˧ȻܰҪĲֶˡ
ƵҰĺܴҪɾ;ǿߣʵ۷壬ֹܴ½һðա
ӣǸ׵ķӣ
ɫ΢΢ףƣˡ
ʵǿĶ֣ȴ²ҪĶ֣²ҪĶ֣ȴ¾񲡵Ķ֣ʱƣڰоһ񲡣һӡ
Ե˺ݣԼݣ
һʼǾ͵͹ƣѡ˶ΪΪ˼£
䣡
ǧѪ˳𣬻һ޴ѪɱƸ߸֮УⷽصףһʵĹҷļֵɣ
µ񣬶˵棬Ψƴһսһ屳ֳ޴ľͷӰֳìƳɱ
ͷѪǣ
ۿŰǿһĿ֮һ˿Ĵһӡһķŷ֮УȻһľͷӰɢԪҲɢˣ
ʲôд󾪣ԹĿƣ㡭ɣ
޲ý̻Ȼһ޷ΥȴһûˣͬʱЩѪγɵľĽɵⱬըѪ˳γ޾ѪƣƬ֮ȴѪꡣ
ȫɣƯޱȵѪҺ֮Уϣɫ԰ס
ıǿף仹Ѫ˫ĿһƬҡ
ͻȻЦˣЦޱңħվûŹңվûŹҰ漣֮ʮ꣬ҶĹȴûнڵĽƣڽҪҵҪҵ
ĸӰղûʹκ似ֻǷշϹħͷڰڵĽƱ㽫ģ
Ҳ̵Ļܰķʽһ˿ƴĻᶼûԷ˵һֱͨűȴûսĻᡣ
һսļȴһ·񱼸ûлָ㹻ƺ޵ֿ֮
Į˵֮ǰҸһ䣬ܹŵֻԼûʲôֻ˲ˣ㣬̫޴ˡ
˵̧֣꣬ȻһץһѪ˰ţ
ȫѪѪ˳ڿһѪɫ⻪ͣ˸ţѤޱȡ
ĿԼȫѪڿлΨͼޱȣǷһ˿̵Цݣ벻ǽ֡
ѪҺϵĴӰʧͷѪǿޱȣټϰﵽ֮ϵ侳磬ǿ飬ѪȴҲһֱûȥֱȫѪҺգɱȥ
ˣȫѪȫƳ˳
ƽһѪ֮УģһֻԡѪľͷѪ⾫֮
ȻѪΣľѪȻƷʼѡţеĶ죬ҪѪһˡ
ܶϡҩ¯֮ҩ̫ŨΣʱˣԣݵĵرҩ飬ĵ
ѪȻԶԶﲻĳ̶ȣûǻۣҲıܣѪ֣
ȻվֿܵƵѸٱήȥ
ڣ
һץͷӰѪվһžѪյںΪһջһĴָСѪ
öѪһصѪȪȪۣʵķԾҲҴﵽѪԲˣֻҪҵĴѪԲұԸһ˵Ѫ󷨣ǧﷶΧڵλá
ʱ޴ˣ
з֮磬ȻʮĻۣ˻ǲ㣬ҲӲһսʵǿҲû̫İգһսȴܱ⣬Ҳ˵ɱ㣬ȫµͨ㣬˵ĳ޲ɻ⣬ϵ˺ܣҲҲòɱ㣡
ıߣȴݽ棬ȡڵĳɾͣǿϹħͷԴͽ̵ϹħͷȻҲЩͣȴҲһļ䣬Ҳڽﵽľ磬ٸˣƱټ̳һˣҲϵĴС
ԹûлԵĻעȡôɾͣԵƴƴȡģһѷĻԵƵǰ֪ΣգҲҪðһ


927 սʨԴ
ʮ֮󣬰ǧɫ󡪡
Ϊܴ½ǧɫԶ˻ɫƣΣأǿ߽һǽǿߣãҲС
һգڰǧɫϿճһˣһѺ񱳵òͨһȺоҲҲ͡
֮˰֮һ·ǧɫΪ;ҪͨٴѡݣⲻҪ鷳
ûеһʱȥǧ꣬ҪϺ̫ԶˣϺûд󣬼ٶȷȥǧҲҪ̵ʱ䣬ôʱ䣬Ĳ𣬰˾ͽصļ䣬һ꣬Ҫһս޿ɱܡ
ҩ㣬Ϊڸƿڣ㹻ʱĻһıչزҲɼɣɳء
ϧֻһ꣬ãǧɫΪһʨԴ
ڵʱ򣬽ǧɫʨԴ˵㷴ɣڵаѿ֮壬ھˡ
Ӧ
ռ˰׻ʵĶ·ͷտȥ
ȷħ˵
߳ɰհɡҲҽ׼ǧɫڲʱЩңʱ⾳Ҳұ֤һصλá
аѿϢѹס𣬺ܿ죬ͳһƬ׺֮У˸âϯȻڵ˵ֱΧĸоͬ˽ˮ֮Уûκβʣ泩֮С
ʮʮʮ
ֱ򣬵âɫϵķ仯ҲǿȴȻ
ʮʮһֱʮ
ɫ˼ı仯̬ıˡ
֮ǰǵ绡̬ȴһù⣬ϰɫɫɫһƬȴû˿ɣʮɫһ㡣
£ȴ̺ſֲɱǳɫ׹ͻһɣֶˣֱӻɱǿߡ
Ϊڵʱ򣬾ֹڴˣ޷ǰڣĳɫ׹⣬Ҳܶвˡ
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Ȼûи̤򣬵ȴͷųһƸ֪̽ʮѾȫһ
ﲼ˴ССһſͬǳһšǿ֮γЩ򣬿ռѾŤ˺ˣ֮вССĿռѷ죬ۿռ䡢ȶ֮Ӱˡ
˵ʮϰϵǿ߻ĻѾǾԵ֮
ڵҲСóȻ룬Ҫø֪̽顣
Щ컹أ治֪ǵôγɵġ
֮ϣж죬·ͬһ磬ƯŴССĵ죬ÿһ϶Ԫ
ЩԪŵȻദϵ֮Уȡе
ЩԪʶֻһʱ򣬱˵ֲЩԪȥǿЩܡ
ԪпֲĹҼӲޱȣҪǿɲףڵңҪȥ̽ЩҲǳΣա
ԥţͻȻһǷһ˿Цݡ
ôضˣҸ֪ˣ
Ŀһ򣬼Ϣ֮׹ͬˮһ㲨γ׹˿һ𣬴СһͷɫСʨӡ
ͷʨֻߴСʵʨӱ޶£׳壬ƯɫëÿһëΪɫͫˮȫ׵ûɵģһͷʨӡ
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Դ׵籾ԴƷ׸֮ϣͼԴҲҪֲʮ
ʨԴѾһЩǣʵһʼͷΪЯϢ׾Ϣ
ʱ׾ʨԴһͬԴ֮壬Ȼоõ
׾ϵʨԴĽΪҪȴǰӶˣô֮ܲǣ
ֻܵǿѾ뼸֮ǰͬնΪɵûеһʱ֣ǲй۲졣
ǿ󣬰׾ܷ׼ðһսŻ͵Ϯɲȴˡ
ǻ۵ǲ̫İ׾ѾɵˣҪȡҡ˵ţһɫǹ
ǽϼϼ乬֮еıϵƷǹԽϼ˵ӦòֵһᣬǼΪ֣ԸûʵʨԴѪصıȻãѪϵѪɷ֮Ҫơ
õıɾɫǹˡ
ңս£һǹֱָʨԴһεȴ֮ǰѹƵаѿϢ֮ǰѹϢǺ¾ʨԴöԷҳ֣ȻҪˡ
а׻˫ϵ䣬ȫ̶ʨԴ˼ѹ
ηĸо·Ǵǰ֮𣬾֮еļ䣬޷Ĩȥ
һ̣ʨԴ֮ͫһ˿֮ɫͱǿ󱻷ŭȡ
ΪԴΪ߰ôıཱུʹ
𣡡
ʨԴһ춯صźƺʮ֮ڵϰɫϽɫɫ׹⣬ȫϯγһУ
Щɫ׹⣬ʮۼͿвǿߣ˶۵һ֪ˣ
˫Ŀ¶һ˿Ƶս⣬ʨԴھ֮УԵõƴ֮ʵҲǳֲԼҪҪССģпܱɣƻȫڴˡ
֮еĴӳ֣ʨԴ屩˫Ŀ֮Ҳһ˿Ѫ֮ɫȻаѿ̺ѹǺγõܽһ󲽡
ʶгͷʨԴʼ˷ܶ

ʨԴ׹⻯һʹХХͬԾ֮ϵص֮䣬ֱ
Ŀ䣬ȫԪת£սעɫǹ֮У׼̶ֱ
꣡
Ͻɫ£пˣĺսֱӳʹĹȻȴ˿âԽԽʢ
ħ⡪ɿռ䣡
ڹ֮ʱһĺţεɢһɲçۻƣ˲䱻ɿռ֣
ɿռ䣬ɱͷ֮ڻ֮ǱɿռƵķ֮һ


928 Դ
ɿռ䣬ڲʮݺһǧʨԴںɿռһɲǣֻоԼ֮֮ϵжˣд󾪡
ǳ֮
ǹȻһռ֮һǿת֮ɢתĺ֮Σγ˻籩ֱӽʨԴĹˣ
籩Ľɱ֮ͬɿռѹƣֻǼϢ֮ǹӰͬһˣ
֮󣬻ɾ֮ɢɫǹһɨͬˮһЩ֮
ۼŴգʨԴŭ
𣡡
һ
ԴϾǾʱγɵԴǿ֮ȫ˻úɿռ䶼
ԴԽǿ󣬱ԽܸҴǿ
˫Ŀ֮¶һ˿˷ܵĹâгǹһһ˳ȥһǹ̺аѿеѹԼս飬ǳ񺣺ڵǿ߱УҲҪˣ
ʨԴ̺Ȼǿ󣬵ȴûйУһȴ޷ӳǿ
ڶʨԴı岢ɵɵǽʨԴɵ֮кǿֲԾĳƿزãͻƻپ
ಣ
ǹɫĹ⻡£ռһΪʨԴһ̣Ȼʧˣ
֮УһɫĹӰãٶ֮ףʨԴ֮壬ӵеٶױȣ
ٶǡҶٶҲţ
ȻһЦſ׹Ӱ飬Ҳȫģ磬ɿռ䣡
׷磡
ʩչٶȵͬʱаѿе֮עɫǹ֮ϣһǹ̳
׷Ĺ̫ǿΪһ⾳似ȴٶȷﵽ¡
ԸûʵʨԴҪ̫ǿԿϵ似ʨԴ˺
޵ٶȼ׷磬תۼ׷ʨԴ
ۼ׷ʨԴɫ֮ͫһ˿㵺Ͳ֮ɫ֮Ըȫûаյ͵ϮһΪϵİ׾ҪأڶԳٶȳΪԼȥɣû뵽ٶȾȻ죬ˣ
䣡
ĳǹʨԴײ˸ţ
оûдκʵ壬ȴһɿ͵Ϯĳľ֮УҪȫջ١
ʨԴķɣһǿߣϵͻˡ
˵ȴʲôϵаѿת˲ɨŰľΪþҲûܵκˡ
ʨԴͲˣһǹıԴ׷̺ķ֮ʧһ󲿷֣ɿռ֮У޷õ򲹳䣬ʱ޿̲ģëȻͫҲȥ˵֮ǰʨԴʵʨӱ޶£ôڵʨԴȴˮеӰһ㣬ʲ塣
ˣûסħ֮дħ˵Ѿһ˵ɫγʨԴڡ
ӽϼв򵽵⾳֮ǰõ׹Ӱ۳ʮ׷Ҳͬĵֻʮ׷Э֮תǱܵط˵ȴ֮ķӡ֮
׷ʸһʨԴ壬ʨԴʱоͬһʹжƴҪ˵׷Щ׷ͬ˼̵һ㣬һĿѪ֮УԽͼǣԽۣ
໣
ʨԴһ󰧺
ϢĻᣬŲȽ˲䴩գʨԴϷ
˫ץסɫǹ޾עǹ֮Уһǹ
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ǹʨԴг룡
ʨԴȫõëʹһ춯صҪȻһֻ̣оȫƺԼĿƣڵĳǹѸٳ
գ۵ʱ䣬ʨԴ࣬͸ˡ
Ҳ֮ǰô֮еİ˵ͬɵĽܶһ¡
ڵʨԴ·ţɿռķضеˣʼģᣬȡʨԴڵ
ңһĨȥǣֻԴ˵ȻЧһЩǲҲ̫󣡶ֱĨɱǣҲ׿ơô࣡
ɫĮԽԽǿʨԴ˿ɣһֻҪܾĻôͻĨɱǣ
˶̶һգ۵ԥʨԴ¶֮ɫءĽ忪ʼС
ٺ٣һȴûĨǣЩΣհպһ˵ĻһǻŻ췴ġħ˵Щ̫ͬ
γ֪һ㣬˵Ĩȥǣ͵ĨɱԴĲ֣ʵήֶͣȱԣպ󶼲پ
иҪһǣңô׵Ķ࣬ھ̵һûǵıԴھܾ޴ѹδܳɹ
ôպʨԴѣʵɳٶҪԶʤʨԴаѿѹƣʨԴһаѿ֮УͻܵаѿĿƣ뱳̸ף

һץֱӰСʨԴץУһ̣γһУʨԴȫԪգԴԴϵĻ뵽аѿ֮Уаѿ֦Ҷ͸
ʨԴҷ˿ʱֻᱣԼǣ౻ˡ
գʨԴԽԽСƻҪСȫ˽ȥ
ľһֱ˵֮У㿴һаѿ
ѿ̺̫ǿֻʨԴȫʢʱڵ֮һǣ̺ȴΪɢһɴϢֻһӽ񾪾壡
аѿԣǰɵ׵羫ͿƲӲȫһϵġ
ЩʨԴѾ̫ƱаѿˣҹؼǣҲˡ
ôԹԵıаѿսȥȫаѿ֦Ҷ֮Уһ̣аѿ䶯һƬ۵ҶӼѵĴѿӾչҶƬҶӳޱȣһСڶ֮ϣȻһֻʨͼ


929 һ
аѿˡ
Ÿ߶һаѿϲãԵĸоаѿ࣬һպ׻⾳Ȼȥ֮Ҳŷһ壬ܷӵָ㣬ʱаѿ֧֣ʵͻͽ
ʨԴȫգаѿ֮׹˸Ŀ֪һĵͷаѿƿĻãʨԴаѿ֮УЯ౻аѿյˣƿȨҲϡ
˵ʨԴ൱һȫñȾӣôھȨȴϡ
ƿһеĸоʮ⣬պʵߣʨԴѵĿҲԽԽС
ħ⣬ʨԴ֮ҸоԼڵٶһͻɣҲѣ
ҪɣɲŲһʱ䣬ҪˣΪ̫죬ѹһµĻɸȣպ󾫽ס
һۼţʮʱ䣬ŻɣҲֻءصˮƽƽ߰һء
ڻһһأ̶̲ʱ䣬ĴɣۿҪɵˡ
Ϊ̫죬Ҫǣʱ䣬ʵսĴ࣬ȱսļĥ£Ҳᵼķ似޷ڻͨɸȡ
֪ЩպҲǲֻܲҪͻ֮ǰһͿˣȻһЩ򣬵ƣ뾡ʵһƵʵԻڰ֮ϣڵΪʨԴҲ򲻹
ȷʵˣƾͨʱ⾳ıʱ٣ڷտռбչأһ굱ʮĻڶҪͻˡ
ħЩĵ˵ɣڣԭѧĹͲؼһȷʵкܴΣա
ȷʵܸıʱ٣ıʱٵĽҪת֮ά֣һĳ񹦣ȫĵͶĻȴϰ񹦵ͬʱʱٵʮһĳ̶ȡ
ȫȫ⣬Ŀ֮㣬Ϊ
һŹõ״̬״̬Ҫһһάʱѣ컯ôʵΪǧǰʹﵽƿˣνıչҲǾԣżһ·һ־ѣȡ
ҪʱʮһĽҪһǿΪʩȫĵͶ֮УҵһǿߣһյΪ̸ס
ʵôĻڶʱ⾳⣬Ҳһ㣬Ȼﲻʮһʱ٣һһȴ⡣
˺ɿռ䣬ֱɳȥ˰׻ʵ꿪ٳĶ
⴦Ҳλһյ֮ϣȴλڰ򣬶ھʮ
ǾʮΨһһյ죬ڰµİ׻Ҳȫûȥ
׻ʵĶӵɽ¶һµϢϴʱ޶£ʯҲһ֮֡սǬսֻأ壬Ҵ֮첻壬зɣ
ʮ֣м̺֮һĽ⣬η
ľߣܸܵ׻ʵǿ
Թܴ½ʮµһ˷ŵľǿߣ׻ʾҲٮٮˡ
νµһˣһʱڵɱͬʱǿߵˣǻܣǻɱƺͰ֮ǰ컯Ҳﲻ̶ֳȣ׼µһˡ
ʮµһǿֻǱȽļ
һпҾʨԴҲȰǿ̫࣬ףɱѣڹŴܴ½µһ׵ġ
ھǿߵ棬ܴ½ʥħ½࣬ʥħ½µһ˸ǿ
ʥħ½֮ϣ½֮޾ܴ½ʥħ½ҪʮǿߵĶٿ֪
磬ǧǧȴֻǲ׺һڣܴ½λǿȿռʤ
֮⣬иΪֲ
뵽ĸпҪߵ·Ϊܴ½µһʲôǡ
һս֮Ҫ˽һУȥǸĿռ䣬ӭӸս
ڰ׻ʹõĶ֮в󷨣ڶ֮⾳⣬ѾԸʮ׹⡣
ǧɫΣ֮أһЩգ󷨷棬һ˿
һʱ䣬ںϺɿռķԼϹħͷе󷨣شڰ׻ʵʯ֮ϣֽȡʮͶʮżƷԪʯ
ʮöһöѾֻ꣬Կ⾳ĹƤûڳʱϸǡ
һΣһöذ׽βĹ˿¶˺ͮͮĹ⡣
һɾζʱɢ˱ǣǧ𣬶ǧеļƷ
ţ֮ǰҳԵһŲͬǿŹɫģȴͮͮѪһ㡣
ӨĹ⣬о̺˵Ѫ˿˵˱Ƕʮˡ
ذһ⣬ָᴥʮ㣬һڰǹˣڼþ׽ڵķɢһ֫ࡢֱ顣
һ̣оԼ·ǺˣͷԷ裬֫ĹͷˣҪڻһ㡣
ڶöЧһöȫͬʱо·ƶˣƮƮģ
ǿ󣬺صҩƺÿһŶȫͬ
ҩûɢȥʱתϼ֮һ׻ʾǽϼղУֲҪϵѪĹ
Ԫ֮Уһһѭ
ʱûн⣬ȴѣԺƺհһƬƺޱȻٻڵȴڷıӿ
״̬ͬڴȭһ㣬Ǳȿõ״̬ȴߣûп־壬ûоη׷Ǳκβܵ飬ɿܡ
һʱʱ
еÿÿϣ״̬ٳһĹ⡣
Щ̺֮ΪӴһϵ߳ͳԲȥˣٳԾͻᱬǰѶųȫ˷ˡ
ȴڵаѿƺոսףжȥ
ǿȵ֮УĶ֪ԽԽ⻪ת·Ҫɷڿնȥһ㡣ıһͼ֣ޱȣ̵·Ϊµ


930 
һյĴ֮ڣʮΧһų֮ϣЩŮһϢȻǿߡ
ܴ½ǿܹˣ⼸µǿûôϵǿȴ˲٣Ҳʣ¾ʮˣǰĴƼ֮һ
ΧڳԱߣɫ
ǹҲ֪Ϊ¡ڳһˣһŮָͷЩǵ˵
ǰѩӡ
Щ꣬ƵʵѾԽԽǿ֪ʲôֶ֮壬ʹΪЧķǿߴﵽ˶ʮˣټƱͰ󶥼ǿߵ壬ѾҲû˭ҷˡ
ʲô£ˣ϶ս׷ӡǣǵ־ǿȽӽƣſܰЩӡĨ˵ʲôʲôѵܷɣѩߣһε˵
Թµһ˼ǿҲȫУһ㣬սӡǵĹͣ˭ҪΥôĺǣҲ׷ɱ
˵һϯڳ˳Ĭ֮УʱȥͻȻһ˵һʧ߸ǿߣиͬص㣬ǾѪ
һ仰ڳжһݣ塢Ѫֵ߶еţ죬ɾ񺣵ĸʷǳѪ֮٣ǿ֮бȴСռһɡ
Щˣǿͻ񺣣ʵǿһЩ
һʱ䣬ǿʧ߸ȥһ룡
ȷΪǵѾѣĸûơչءǡķѰԵֻ˼ǧǿôţ
ͻȻܲľ
˵ǿҲֻôһᣬ㵽Ϊֹûټ˵ȥڳǿһϳɾĸҲɵӡ
ˣܿܶˣ
ȫһ֮ڻɱ߸ǿߣҲ̫ۼҲֻô
ƣ컯˶Ǻ
˿ܱ컯˻һЩһսû֪ʱĿֻ˾ͽغͼķǿߣЩ˶Ѿˡ
˿⼸ʱ䣬ΪȻ϶ͻͽ˵ܳɳƵĳ̶ȣȴƺ̫ܡ
⵹˵Щ˵͹ʵʱ̫ˣǲ֪һ䣬ʵûħ⣬ǰĶ֡
ɱߴǿߵĸУ컯˺ûɱ˵Ķпֵľǰˡ
߸ȥǿ߹ͬѪ˲ò룬һЩħܹѪľѪħ죬ֹҲΪ棡
Լүүɱˣʲô
ʶЩڳֻԼǱȦĸмѪǿ߸ɫ΢΢ףҪɱǵĻǸ޷
ѵǾôԴУѩԪ˵ĶȽεˣƵĵϣȻ˵
һ߽ӻƴӣҰļھѾʼˣպ㹻ʵ֮ҪһͳĴǱʮǿܽһĵĻҲܸƿһ
ʮǿ߽һģһεҡҡͷ˵ףʮ˵ͶƵļϸһһ棬˵ͳҲ»Ҫõ㣬˵ˣҪսʤơֻô֮ǿҲǲ̫ܡܱܿһɱ
˵ô죿ۿһʳǵһ򾡲ɣ
˳Ĭ뷴ûʵ³Բˡ
м峤ҲûввЩȫµͨȴûҵܴ½ôһ㣬һչزĽٶȣʮ֮󣬶Ȼƻɱϣˡ
ΪչزУ٣㲻ҪСƣֶβñЩ֪ڸʲôδزܰҳ
ѩҡҡͷҸǴŻ֪˹ɣ
˹ں嫵ܴ½ֻһ۵Сңһһ˵ĹȣнûУСΪܱλǿ֪ȻΪԭ
Ʋ˹壬Ƕжš
ţʲô£˹Ĵ̫ңԶʱ˶ɱˣϢûдȻʧ֪££ôȫµ
ԭפ˹ּǿߣ˾ͽغϼ峤ȫּ˴ȫôͨߣ᲻ǲأ
ţ˵ֵˣ
ѩӴһȫԾʧ࣬Ȼ³
һЩ˶ʱܸԾϲп⵹ơ
̫࣬ļˡ֮ǰǰЩ۵ҡҡͷһɱ˾ͽغ峤Ҳʲô˶ǿԵɾ񺣣ķǿߣƣּ̧ҪǵƱ»Զ
ô˵ɥѩ΢΢üɱ˾ͽغ峤ȷʵʲôˣ˹һôܲ壿֪壬֪Ƶıǲ˹ɸȥˣҰȻߣ֤˴ơİգܣˣǸţԴˣǲԳƲ⡣
ѩӵƲڳ˱˴˶һҲȼһϣͷ׷һս
Ȼǰ濹Ƶʵֵܹһ
ټָ꣬ӦùɳģʱǶơ
ѩ˵ţͻȻоһǿϮ̧ͷһһĸˣɫۣüļһͺƣòޱȡ
ƣ
ֻƶһۣѩֻоԼ궼·ʧˣȫ¶ƿ͸ĸоɣղŵԪǲǱˡ
ôᡭôôֲ
ѩӺͣŴ겻Ƹӵɲ⣬ƺ޳ĳħ֮ǿ񾪾壡
ˡƾȻǿ̶ֳȣ˻ô
ѩӿһɾУҲͬĸо֮ǰòԸƵҲȻ


931 ޵
λԪʲôأ
΢ЦڳڻһܣֻЦȴֲζ
Ԫ
ĸ֣˶оߺһ̸̣й¶ˣ
˵Ԫᱻ֣ƾǲʲôֻֻթǣ
Է·Ϥһеƣ˶еѹɽѹ
˫Ŀͬҫ۵һ㣬û˸ӡ
ѩӣƺʲô˵˵ûϵǰǧҾŶҲĹˡ
ƵĿѩӵϣѩӶʱеһ˵ƣ·𱻿͸һ㣬ָо﷢飬
ѩҲ־ǿ֮ˣĸ֣һƽûʲôֻڵѡ
Ŷ𣿡ǹһ˿΢Цûܿ΢Цĺ塣
󣬽˾ͽǿߣ֮ͬˮҲעǱͶƣ˲
ʮǰ˹һսʧأ˾ͽɫվû֪ʲô
ƴݵߵһλΪôҰһ¡
˵ţһ˦ʮзɳֱڳʮǿߵУǰеȥ󷨣Ѿ׼ˣֻעɡ
˽ӹһۣ֪֮Уȴһͼܴ½ԼϺຣĴݺǧľ޴Χ
⸱ͼ֮ϣעٸ㣬֮кһŸȫ½Ĵ硣
ǡ󣿡
Ǵ󣬿Խﵽ˰ﷶΧĳ󣬺Ƭ½ֻҪܴ½ɣĴģ˲á
ٸ󣬱˴ֺ֮ԶΪĲã֪ҪѶپЩǿͷôµʱ㹻ˡ
֮ǰɱܴ½߸ѪǿߣȡǵȫѪͬľͷѪһĴѪһֻҪʱ䣬ͿԲ
ʱԸѪϢǧﷶΧѰλãЩڶʱѱ½޴ӡ
ƽȫ˳װʮֽУȥ˵һһʮǲõаʮ졢Ҷˣ֮ɣǵС˼Ҫ˲һǸۡ
Ƶ̺ŵɱڳ˶һݣɲƣǸûзء
˵꣬תȥڳеǶܵһɾζ
һָоƵжǳȥġѩͻȻԪ˵
ͶżһЩδԤУָо翣˵壬ʱȴ׼ȷΪһߣǵԤи׼
пܡҲöˣʱ䣬չȥˡ
⼸Ʋ֪ʲôʵͻͽǰɲ⣬ֻǸӶܵѹôӮ
ȷʵʱ̫ˣֻ꣬Ҫ꣬һ⾰ˡһҡͷпϧ츳ҪԶƣȴɳʱ䡣
û취⴫Ǳ벼ãĸ졣
һ˵ţֽȡ̣Щƿӵ·רŵķԸϹħͷѧϰ˼ʮ꣬ͨħ󷨵˵һͰ˰Ĵ󲢲ѡ
ͬʱԶ֮İǧɫ׻ʵĶ֮УһߣʮӵͼⶼǴݻɣڲ̺İء
Щͼתţһһ֮Уһȵĸоɢһ̫ɢ貵Ĺ
ǴϢö֮н֯˴ЩƷӡĶǴƬ
˫ۣоҰѾһƬɫĸоİԶŻ˳ǵʱԻʯ̣Ҳܵˣûн
ؾ֮оȻ֯˴ҵΪԽߣԽ̡
ţоȻ硣
˹Ʒ򣬲֪ȥ˶ãͻȻѿƤ⣬󵽾Ĥ
飬Σ֪䣬ɴˡ


932 ͼ
ɣ鵤棬ƿ̳ķΣܴﵽɵĻ򳹵ۣǾʽɣԳˡ
߾أǰ壬м鵤ꡣ
ǰض꣬ͿƾԼ񺣣أȴһδʵͽ߶Զǿ󣬲ܲݸҲ־ս壬ãǱվޡ
ڶ֮УѾһѪ⣬ĺš
һ졢졢졭¹ȥһѪ֮Уʼ
Ĺ̼Ϊһ˿˿ԴϢΧһͼ
ԴȻݻγȻĵͼΪͼν죬Ȼɵ˼Ϊ
Դγͼ̺֮еĴ֮νȻˡ
ͼ֮УΪ۵һɫͼֱһɣеĵͬһ⻡ͬ磬ݻޱȣϵĵͼϼµϵƷ֮еĴƬϵз֮Уңңȣ
ϵͼһֳɫĵͼ˳ߴСͬĻ磬ȻǻϵͼˣӵйŷѪԶŻ˳ôõʱ䣬ʯ̣ϵͼҲƥ
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ĵͼԶûǰôԲˣƶЩģǺڰǿ۵ͼദȱķϵ⾳ͼûУֻ۶һһķģ׻ͼĹâȻʧɫ
ɣƿ̳ķΣʱ۵ͼǾǾԵǸۻ뵽µı֣δдɾ͡
еߣ֪ж٣塢졢ɡ񺣣һʥٵ𡭡
֪ж֮·ϣý˵һ֮ǧ磬ڶС磬һֻǧˣһǼʮʱģҪϽ֮λ֪Ҫ۶ˣٻԵټϴ츳ǻۣǿ֮ģĲŻʦָ㣬ԴĶѻôһ˿ãĿܳɹ
ʱͼȻ˵ܳɾͽȴҲʵ۷֮·ϣ˽ʵһ
ֹȥʱ䣬еͼʧ֮УҲʼΣӹ⡢ѪܡٵƤë
ʯϣй⻪˸оԼľﵽǰδе۷壬һսĽ׻ܣɱ
ڿһӦδ֮ʱͻȻ֮ϴһ춯صľ죬ڵĵ춼ɽʯۣ·Ҫһ㡣
ţʲô
һòԴ֮ʥɣżƣԴĻҪʨԴǿԼǶ֡
ԥһ£ǾСĵϢĵȥڿʲô
¡¡
޴ƺײ
·ر飬֮궼Ҫɢˡ
סڣСͷų֪̽飬龰ȴֻñһɺֱ顣
ھ֮ϣмִһž޴˷ķ俪ÿһʮɴ֣ķģһ󣬽ظ
ʱ˿̣Ǿ޴ȴҵţ·һʲôֲҪ֮ͻƽһ㣡
ǣ
ħһײ·Ԩĳ
ŷ֣ԭÿһ˿еһ֮ϣڵɽ֮УԪѹ
𣡡
ϷĻĹȻһֲХ춯أûѪɫһ԰ס
ÿµĺѵסһͷޣ
𵱳ħӿ޵ľɣһǿֻ޵ľ޺𣬿Ҫ壬ɢ
Ҫϵħ⣬⾿ʲôħѾȫĳ֮Уѣ־޺ʣ̺꣬ħ֮УҲҪȫԼñ޺ˣ
ʱŹ֮ԪΧ֮׷û֮УϵԪͬʱųϽɫ⣬嫵ȥϽɫ
ʱ޷·˾޴ʹһ㣬һʱȥȻǱе׻ˡ
ڰ׻ʶ֮пǰ֮յÿһŶ̺ޱȿֲɣֶϵ̵⣬ҲóȻ򣬿ɼĿֲ
ڣȴһ𣬸Ǳӡһﵽ̶ֳȼֱԴ⣡
ֱܱܿʣ
ԭ⼸ɵֻԪǼٸۣԪĵزҲ䱦һüԪ޵ĴڣĴǣѵǻԪõģ
ԣԪƿػ֮߹֮·ʶ˻Ԫµĺɿռ䣬ԻԪҲһ˽⣬Ӧû֮ϵ򡣡
ĪǣǻԪµĴ󣿡
ʶһ㣬ԽпܣԪĶֵȻҲһͨϵ𣬲Ĵ󣬵֮С
ֻʲôأ
תʱеľ޺ѾħԺ𣬡ˣˣǴ˵һ۵ҪѪꪣһһǧʮۣмܸϳһСǣѵһ
ס˻ԪԼޣ˭֪ô¡
ҡҡͷⶫʸԪйأȴھܹ̽˵ġ
бסѾҲƾʧˣֻǼɵڰУֻеЩȴ߳ɡ
һĻһ΢΢ԥһŰСĿȥԭʵѽӽ򣬿֮ǰ޵˰Ĺâձ࣬ʣҲԼȡһЩһϲ
޵򣬴ϻʲô
Դ˳ڴ
ȫ۵аѿ֮УĽӽ򣬰;ʮмϲû赲ͨϵ˳һöȭͷСǰ


933 
ȭͷС򣬿ޱȣӽʱȴоԼȫĺëֱΪе̫ۣΧγ
һÿռպŤӽֻ֮оԼȫܵӰ졣
ܿ𼶱µ˿⣬ӵаѿҲˡ
а֮Ȼǿ󣬵޵УʲôȷҲ伶Ĺǿ̫ࡣ
ħ⣬Ʋ䵽ܴﵽ̶ֳˣħǲȱ䣬ɱǿߣʵһȼ
𼶱ĸ֣ܿӵвֹһ䣬ǰ伶Ĺģδɵаѿѽѹ
ȫаѿ֮У֣֮ϣһ˿ָ⡣
һ˿壬о·һһԼ֮У֮ľֲظҪơ
ĸоޱȳأ֮һ
ʣܸһֳصĸоò˼顣
̧ͷ죬һſŴССԶڿУǶȥͬǳһ㡣
Ϲǿߣǰ֮ǳһʵ壬棬ǸոձӡҪЩҸͱǡ
Щ𼶵ǵͨѾܹˣһ󣬱̺˾֮
סдʹϵۻаѿȫա
ֱһö꣬СаӲȫ͡
һйԲоԼսﵽǰδе۷壬һսˣһսԼʵ
Ӿֱ߷ɳǧɫ󣬶ڵ˵ǧɫΣѾ㲻ʲôˡ
ֻһӵʱ䣬Ѿǧɫ֮⣬ʱǰͻȻһǴĹâ
ǶľȺһ壿
üһܴ½ܹͨҵҲֻжľȺˣʱľȺһǧ˴ӡǣΪպҵǣǻʥħ½
ӡֶֻϢ޷λãԼĴӡй¶ȥ
ľȺĹϵҲֻݷȼ֪ҶľȺµ͵ӦòעǣһͲͬˣȫ¶֪һĹϵǳƸòһְɡ
˵ֻһѣƾҪƳһҲûʲô壬׼ɥĲ񣬰ŭкһϣĻһ޷ֵ
˸˼ϢʱϨˣ괫еϢ΢΢ȫµĲôʹҪԸңȥɽѩԲߣ
ɣħͻȻ˵ƿһ壬ôõĴӡǲѡ
ҡͷӦòᣬϢǶľȺͷģΪȡңľȺ˵˼ʥħ½ǧ飬Щ³֮û֪ľȺͷ˲̫ܱҵǵԸ񣬾ǱץҲƵĿơ
ħͷȷʵǷԸĮ߰ɱҲ
һûˣƺûǶ֡һһΪԼԭѪϴлʮΡ
ΪŮͻԪɣħͷҲ漣֮һԪŮϵǳǵĺˣϹħͷӦ֪һ㡣ˣһ廹صѪ䣬»ԪѾ䣬ϹħͷҲóȻһֵģ㲻ñ
Ҳǡħӻһ壬Ī䣬ۼǿ߽ѪɱԭҪɱ
ɽѩӣߣ
ֱɰɽʵƵ壬Ҳ̫£ƻҲᣬһ֪ܵʶˮƽ֮ϣƲ壬ҲƵ
ڽ֣͸ˣЩڴ
ʱԶڰ֮⣬ɽһصĶ֮Уѩһǰһ˿ɫ
һߺһˣǷֱм̫ϳԼ졣
Ĵǳһˣλ꣬ΪҲڣǳڣʵ˾ͽǿ߲ԶҲĴʵ׵ԭ
Ӱؼؾһֵʵˣⷽ棬ʵ޷ȡ
ʮʱ䣬ѾֱڼʮطȥһٶŴˣƸɴֻ£ֻʣ¶ʮˣûҵ
˹˵ţϵĿ¶һ˿ǡ
õִֻܸⷶΧ֮ڵĻǸҲ
̾һôܴ½ټĴдӡǣҪƾ踲ǷΧĴҵ̸ףǿɲһ¼ٸ봫󣬶һЩ֮Уܹ
µҲֻӣҲҲжû취ˡѩӵĶ棬һ峤Ͱ˵
Ͱ׵ߣŶľȺˡ
ֻʣ¶ʮˣҵϣԽԽãֳĴҲǳףͰ׼ҡмҵʥؼҲһټʮŵӣҪµѾҲˡ
ĹĻǱָҵˡ
᲻᲻ǣΪ壿ü˵
ᡣϧ𣬵ȴʮֿ϶
Ը˰ɡѩҡҡͷ϶Ƶ׷ӡǣȻǽŲôۼҪðżķգûڱչ͵͵ǱĻǵΪǾȻģʱ֪
ѩţͻȻһĸоΧԪ궯һǿϢ֮
ˣ
ѩӵͬʱһ֪̽ȥȴһˣһһӹɽȻɽݺѩӵڵĶλüΪΣڻһЩλõ󷨣ǰ˻ֻ˶̶Сʱ˶λá
Ȼˡ
ʶһɨûзΧκļֱǶ̶ֳȵ󷨣Ծͨħ˵Ȼ׾ٵ顣
ˣѩ۾һдϲ
ֶΣôİɽ󷨣һۿǵλãǺη̾͵ڿϣ¶һ֣ľˣ


934 ɱ
붴֮Уһ£һȾϵﶼ˿۶ɵģմڴԶ޸˴ϣǹ룬Ϊ֮
ϵϢҲͬ󺣣ɲ⡣
Сֵܣˡʱ֮ٿͰ׸пǧתۼ䣬ʵѾֳɳٶʵڲ˼飡
Ͱ峤һ֮񣬲ûΪʵͰ׾д֮⣬Сʱһıӻ޷˾ͽ׷ɱбȫ൱Ǿ֮Ȼǡ
СֵܲضҿܲѾʱˡͰ׹Цţ鼫Ϊ泩
ԣľȺߡѩӡҲһһкЩ˵Уȫ
Сֵܣ죬ΨʶľˣǰҲʮֻͣʵԳƶȥˡ
ԭʣ֮ǰݷҲǺˡЦŻ
һˣҪһֶԸƵļƻ
ľȺĴֻᵽƲôʹҪԸȴû˵ϸڡ
ƼΪ˽⣬һƣǾǷϹħͷĴ䣬ν֪֪ˣս
֮ǰֻǶľȺֻƬѾĲµıʲôˡ
áͷȷʵҲҪ֪ΪԿ϶Լжϡ
ƵȲ˵ѩӣˣҷ϶һսӡǣô£
ս׷ӡǲʲôε׷ַֻҪͬӵսˣ׾ܲ־޷Ĩɱˡ
ѯʣѩӺ춼ǿ̾һЩ漣ǿߣսӡǣƿˣӹһ٣˵ƿ£һУȥҲܰ꣬ǾͲˣҪʱʱ̱̿ƵӰ֡
ѩӵľ˵ˣƲ֪ʲôսѾﵽԲѾǵⷶˡ
ѩ̾һܴ½սѾǴ˵Բѩܱʶ磬Ǵ컯˵ġ
ѩӵʦ׷ǰ컯˽ãѩѣȾȥ컯˰æսӡǣȻ컯ҲΪԲսѾǿܹӵеˡ
컯ǰ˵ڿܼľһǿ꣬ľ磬Ҳ֮ϵ侳кڣܳ侳ѩ˵ⷬʱҲӿһУ񺣺ھгΪµһ˵ʱ֮ϣܴ½ʮδй컯˵֪侳Ĵڡ
󲻽ͷ컯˹ȻʶǷȻûж츳ô꣬۽ȴ½ܹģּƲƷԭ
ȷʵӵаԲս飬ս漣֮һħͷھͼľƵڣ漣ʱͼң̵ҲԲս顣
˵ⷬ˶һ쾪㵵˵Ҫ㣿㡭
첻˼ĿȻôϹħͷӳˣʱ漣ʱʵ񺣳ǿߡ
һ仰˹ȥ˵Ȼ᲻֪Ȥ׷ʡ
ԲսȷʵϹħͷ漣֮ӡʮ֮ãս־ѾûİԲôǿ󣬶ҵսƷ⣬ǽ׷ӡǵҲѡ
˵ָ꣬һ죬һɫָ⣬תţĺս飬սǰ۷壬ƷȰԲԴΣսں֮оþƷʸϹħͷս顣
ĨȥµսӡǣѩӺô˵дϲЩŵȻ֪սǿҲû뵽ؾӵڲܵõİԲս顣
µսӡӡϣͬһʱʱ̿СĽҶƵ˿棬ΨƵĻɱ
񺣴ܣǧ꣬ˣһֿɵãң֮䣬˭Ըⱻ˵ūĵӣ
ڵ֪ܹϵսӡʱѩӺ춼⼤
ֳָ֪̽ϵ׷ӡǣȻǰԲɣ΢΢漣Ϲħͷ֮ŴħĽɱѳڿϹħͷĶвҪĲ֣ĺȴսѪɱԭİħһ伸Ʒ
һһûѩӵڣתһ죬µսӡǰ
Сֵܣս飬̾ͻ֪ɡһ˵ϣܹϽ׷ӡǵӰаѳҲϣݾߡ
֪֪Ѿ²µ׼ôԸˣһħӦûû޳ɡľ֮ǰ˵ɵ绹вһ²ܲúðɣ
ԡľȺͷƸµʱ䣬ڻжʮ졣
ҪһԲɲôܣٵԣִҪ޲ôҲҪԤµʱ䣬˺εȾɰﶼô˷ѼµʱҲһħҪµʱɣʱһڣʱΪɣʵһ¥ҲòõԺˣǾҵĩˡ
¿͸ƵĴ㣬ȻƾϹħͷµļ䡣
ħлȻ򣬡ֲãμƸоϢǿ󣬶һʣѪɭɭ֮ǰƮݳϢȫͬ
ôӦǴѪˡ϶ԼĲ²⣬Ϲħͷܶ๦ʺ񺣳ģѸʵֻдѪҪǣѪԲֻ֮ƾһ˿ѪǧﷶΧһ˵λãʺѰԼ
Ѫֲãֲõɱŷұʱ򣬳ǻѪԭһʧٵ߸ѪǿߣҲǱɱˡѩ˼ά񣬹Ѫ֣Ͳ³˼ķӣħֳѪʽΪձ顣
ɱ졢ŷұ߸Ѫǿߣһ£û뵽ʤһʱܴ½׵ľŶ̫ʺʹұôȥˣƵĲƷ޳
СֵܣȻ֪ѪǾͺðˣ⼸µʱ䣬ӵϺ󸲸ǲķΧʮٻɱơЦ˵֪ƵĵϸǾͲˡ
ӣ΢΢һЦΪʲôҪӣħûɣɱûô
̺ŵɱڳ˶͵һ𣬴˵ˡ


935 
ɱȥھҪȥɱƣɴ۾ôҲû뵽Ȼͷһ˵֪ƵĴ֮󣬶ʶѡܣϾƲõĴٶ࣬ҲܸޱߵĺֻҪӵ󸲸ǷΧǧĵطҵ͵ܶȡ
ǣȻӣɱȥʵĿɿڴ
Сֵܣ᲻̫³ç˰ͰҲûףͷ̫񣬲Ҳһ磬ˣڵʱ򣬾͸ŵԼͻ֮һ֮ս֣ʤˣȷʵǳܹӵеġ
αչ֮ӦñȰھ񹦲ɣҲǵ֮µһˡѩüͷ΢ûȰ˵ֻĬĬ˵ʵ֪ս飬²ʵж١
ΪôľҲӦЩյġ
µһˣܴ½µһ˰ˡ
һ仰˵ڳ˶Ȼ
ܴ½µһ˰ˡ
ǻ˵ʲôѩӡ죬ǱĿҲ񺣺ڣҴﵽϣã죬ŻԵͻ񺣣Ŀ겻ҵһЩԪĵر๶Ӳд꣬񺣺ڣµһˣǴ˵е飬ûаϵ
˵ЩĿУ͵ͬħۡ׻ЩϹʷеĳߣеɼ˼ˣȴƺʲô
Сֵܣ⡭Ͱײ֪˵ʲôˡ
ƳǸ츳ָߣʮ꣬޳ɰɵ񺣳ڣУܳԿġ
ҡͷͰ峤е޾֮·ֹȻҲǰɣ񺣳ڣ츳ʲôǡ
˵Եһ侳ڵϹħͷлָṩԴʲôһЩţнʦǵ츳Դƺò֪ٱ
ǧǧ磬˶ɳȴ׷Ѱ֮·;ƱǿĵطҲĻǸҰˣ֮·ҪˡǻۡԴ۲ôһ˿˿ϣܳɹƻԶ
һƣΪ˱ܿϺչظʮٳҲüˣʵʵܴ½ҵġµһˡˡ
һ˵ڳ˰ľȺĸŶˣȻѾָ˷Ĵ㡣
ǻΪ񺣺ڶŬʱȴѾ򣬽ǵɾˣ
Ȳ࣬Ѿ޷ݡ
ѩӳĬһ˵Ȼħδ֮ʱȥɱռʱʱھŶŶػҪͻƽȥ׵ġ
ѩڵİǾŶĸ壬ԾŶ˽ܶࡣŶȫܴ½Ԫḻĵطˣȴ֮С
˵Ĳ˺ͣΪٳɣѾʧȥģŶ񹬵ĴҲҪֲܷڱչأô֣ˣǾŶǿߣҲԸЧһɱԼүүǿֶūȫǿߵħͷɣõʧѩӣʱ»ˣб׷ӡǵǿ߾ۼΪһ׷ӡǣһͨƲĴ͵Ŷ֮ǰ׭һ̣˵Ĺֹƴ󣬽ʱһս
һ˵ʮ㣬̺ǿźƣν֮òⶼܵ˸Ⱦѩа̾źִƵģ䣬Ҳܳɾһ
ãȥټһ˵ΪħٳѾֶΣȫµǿߣֻȱһ䣬ԶȺ֮ѡ
ϵ׷ӡǣǱȻж£ʱʮǿһ̹ͨŶ񹬵ǿҲֵס൱ԾĹ
һŴ˷ͳȥ˵֮ǰƵĴѾ˴룬֪ߵ׼ȷλ֮ԽǧﴫϢҲʮֿݡ

ৣ
һ졢̣ڿпٵݻһһһŮǿڲó봫
Ȼƽ
ۿŴҪɣȴ̾һɺ˵ʮˣжʮ죬ǲˣǲ֪֮ǰĲõĴûг
εĴɲˣء
ŮĬĬ·ûƵġ
ӿһĻһʹˣҲǼʧٵǿߣԭ򡣡
Ӳ֪ôοˣŮһԷ򸾣ΪŮӱ׷ӡǣ⻹ҪҪһΪ¹Ѫ
ڴ֮ǰ߸Ѫǿʧ٣ȷҲ׶༪ˣֵʮа˾ƣβָоͺԼȦȴɱĸһ㡣
˵˼䣬Ҳ˵ȥˣʵΪŮӸǿһЩǰܵвȫ˵һЩᱣĺ׳ڣȴֻһУ̫Զˣ˵ʲôӵĻԼš
֪˵ʲôõʱͻȻһǰǴĹâͬʱӺ
죬ʣǷ򸾸ʲô
΢΢һݺܳǰΪѪɱ߸ѪǿߵʱûɫҰף촽
Ȼ˵û֤ݣ¸ͲûɣȻиݵǷǵҲûѵɡ
֮ǰֻƲʱ򻹱һݽңڵ֪ȷȴ׵İ˾Ԩ
ƣ
ҧгݣгŭͳޡ
Ҫ֪ħɱּңԼƽٳֹȥ˭֪ᷢʲô£
Լһﵽ½߲ε񺣣ʳƵۣͷȻԼŮ˶ˡ
ӽ˫ȭָ׶ȻϢָȴɿˣĿһ˿ڴɺͲ֮ɫ
ܴ½ǿߣŶ񹬣һΪĨȥսӡǣ
ԼӶһۣͬп𾪵ı飬Уȴһ˿ϣ
ӮƣܹȽ׷ӡǾǾ֮ˡ
Ų꣬Ҫսˣʵţ˵Ϊǽ׷ӡǣѵսҲﵽ˰Բ𣿡
鴫Ļ⣬ҧ촽˵ô˵ҲȥսҲƽҵȦ򡣡


936 ƬĨɱ
ھɽʮԶһϿȣڶ̶̵֮ڣۼʮǿߣ۵Ķʮǿߣ۵Įȫܴ½ǿѾ˰˳ˡ
Ǳ£أ
ѽأ
Ƿ׷ѯ죬Щ׷ӡǣѪǿΪļ
Ҫ֪Щ˶׷ӡǣƿƵģڷƣӮˣȻԴϲʧܣǱˡ
ǿߣǧһ˭ԸƱƵ·ߣҲƴ
ǻȻҪһϸ䣬֪Ļ繶Ӳдء
츳˻ɣǾܴ½ʮһʵΣȴûףϾǰͨǿߣٶ࣬ôܶԿƣ
ļ֮ʱһ£ӰɽĶ˳ʱϢĴݣ̤ͬ
λ԰ꡣ̧ѹ̺һεĳܣ˲İ
ƺƸĻϵЩ𡭡
ȷʵòȻƣ̺ǻֲģҼǿˣǿͱˣϢ೤ƺֻϢ豹棬졣Ϊأоһҵǿգûûб߾ɴ⣡
˵һߣŰӣ²һת̣ն
Ϊ쾵ˣƾʵͻ񺣣Ϊﵽڶ壬ơ컯˵˳֮ǰʵλܴ½ǰʮǷ̣ȥδ൱ء
쾵ܴ½ǿߣΪһ۶ĸоһǿգ˵ʵǺɿռ䡣
쾵ˣãܶԿôܾûףٹģҲпܡ
쾵˵δ仯̸ףڵΪҲһһ˹δˣһδҿû
쾵ҡͷ˹û뵽ϾȻδĹ⻹档
ˣܽ⿪ϵ׷ӡôһתȴԴٵŮʻΪŮӣѪ׷ӡǣҪɱӶûӡ
ǰΪǽӡô̸˵ҪģȥӡǣжʧܣҲߵĿܡ
ֻȻսǿ󣬵ڶ̶̼ʱڴﵽԲȴ޷ţϾΪɶѡ
Բս飬ѩ˵Ҫ侳ڵΪܴﵽɵ侳ڣмĿжѾ޷ˡ
ԡ
֣һһɵʸһ֮УɵȻǺսˣȻֻǰɣƷȴϹħͷİԲսǿ
սһܣһɫĶǹ׼ϵսӡǺݺݵĳȥ꣡
սӡ粣һ鿪˲䱻ɢĨɱ

ɫڷɳǰǰ󲻹գ۵ʱ䣬ȴǴı飬ǡŪˣ
⡭Ѿˣ
ɷߣŵ˵Ҳӵս飬ȻֻͼͭΣȴܸ֪һϵսӡǣʧˣ
գ۵ʱ䣬֮УʳѰͬһս׷ӡǣȻͬܲһĨˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ӵսǿ߲һ㣬֤սǿҪƵĸǿ
ɫս飬ôɫ쾵޷⣬սƷ˽ĺܶ࣬ȴδ˵ɫս顣
Ȼͣ˵ٶȿһ㣬ӦѾµսӡǱĨȥˣʮϢʱ䣬ҰϵսӡĨȥǼִͨŶʳǣɱƣ
˵ʮ㣬֮ߵš
ʮϢʮϢôܹɻǲǿ˵ˣʱָʮɫսɳһСµͶǹһ㣬ֱ˼ʮǿߵڣһĻڳĿ࣬ѵҪһΪ˽սӡǣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǱΪսӡҪСһδε־ĥȫĨɱ֮ǰգ۵ʱĨϵսӡѾʮֳԾû뵽һĻҪƬƬİսӡĨɱ
ʵⲻ֣ԭĺսԭҪϹħͷսϹħͷսӡǵʱҲǳƬƬһµģȻܳƬƬĨɱ

һ΢޵ڴ·ʮսӡǣʮϢʱ䣬Ĩɱ
һĻڳ˾˵ҲôһЩܣʱڣɳԻƵľ磡

ʱھŶȫѪ֮УѾĽҪͷ
һѪͼ֮УѪӿ룬ȫëһ˿˿Ѫľڳ
ƵüģһͺƣѿݻһʺְһѪޱȡ
ƵΧһѪͼҲڻ·ҪƵڣһһ·ޱȡ
ʱˣѪͼҵĴѪӽԲҪֻǰѪֻ֮Ҫһ£ҵĴѪͻɣʱѪ֮һ˿Ѫ֮ͿǧķΧڿҳɱȡˣϤǿܣұ̤۷֮·
ԭüĵһͺǵֻۡѪ֮۵ĳΣֻ۾ȫ۳ԸǧﷶΧѰѪ֮ǰ漣֮УĽֹеõˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫ֮͸λãͨѪѰľ巽
ѪͼѪ壬϶Ϊһ
ƴһȫɽХһ㱬һŨѪ֮ʵʻĴ֣ÿһֻСָϸĿȴмǧ֮ࡣ
žžž
ЩֲסһһѪͼҪȫԼڡ
ֿѪͼȻ֮˫ĿѪ죬ȫһ㱩óȫ
һ㣬Ͳһˣ
ҧأĿѪͼѾа˳ûԼڣǾʱͻȻоһʹ·һ㡣
ţʲô
һģѪͼʮ֮һѪֿ֣ʼš
ĨȥҵսӡǣоŭսӡǸսǿĨȥȻԱӰ죬Ĺؼʱ̣һã߻ħֻһսӡǱĨȥܹܡ


937 һ
һĿ֮һ˿ɱΪڱչ֮УϾȥ׷ЩӡǵǿߵλãҲ֪ǾۼһֱһӡǱĨɱűĴʹѡ
սӡȻϹħͷµģϹħͷѾԷ϶ΪһϹħͷսӡǵͬģĨɱҲʹ
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ʮǿߣ༸ʮԶûԻϢȴҲȫѪҺʼ̣ƺܵǾͼٻԽԽ죬ֱҪһ㡣
ùͨٻ֮еѪ֮Ǳ⸱ͼ棬ô֮ͻữŧѪ
ѪȻʵֱӽˣ
ЩǿҲǼʶ㷺֮ˣǿͼƣƲܡ
ȻȴֶȫΪѪֻһŲͨ㾪ޣҪǣƻûܽԲ


941 Ϥ
Ѫͼգ
һһѪͼͬһ޾磬ɢһɿֲҪֱ̽ȥ
ѪͼأһɹɱŰʹࡢϢѪͼɢ۳һѪͼ֮еģʹЩںΪһŨһѪɫҲ
һдѪȴͬʱѪ꣬һʱƬضɭȻѪȾˣ
ʮǿ߿һĻ׷˱ܣֳִֻѪꪣоâһһԿƵĴѪѾ˾ųɾţѪͼѾֻ֮С
Ǿһ֮ȴ֮˵״ѪҲһӦõ伶򹦷ġꪾҲڲ֮䣬ʶôඥѧ֮󣬸ûС
ʨԴƣ
ϵаѿ֮УʨԴһ
ͬʱֽһĨһɫǹֱǽϼϼ֮еʩչϵȴҪȴѪЧãֽ̧ɫǹʨԴںΪһ
֮˹Ѫɷ֮ԿѪͼʺϲ
ʨԴǹһںϣ̻һͷǧɵʨһֱݺʮռѪͼɱȥ
âһȻԴ֮һССߣȻƿԴ֮Դ
ֱ죡ΪƾԴ֮ܿҵĴѪ̫ˣҵĴѪǴѪ֮ԴĹѪ֮⾳ļ£չ֮㻯Ѫ򣬼Գһռ䣬ƶعųԴƽģھԴΪУ֮Ѫͼ
ƴһǧʨ㱻ѪͼȫΧˣʨȻѪͼȴһɫĿռ䣬Ѫһһռ䣬ȻƷʱĺɿռө֮£ƵΪϾ񺣳ڶ壬һ˿ڣѪʩչȴҲƱգ
ѪڼȡʨԴҪʨԴˡ֮֮ӦúĻȷʵܹѪ⣬ܰʨԴѪͼ֮УܼǿѪͼ
ʨԴѪ֮Уͻҳ壬岻ȥ
һ̣ȴЦѪ֮⾳ļ£⼫¶Ҳֵ̫Ǯˣһ׶Ĺ㻹ûԲҾƸ㿴
һаѿеŶݼǰ뿪ٶ˲¡
Ų׹Ӱ˲ʧռѪ֮ǰһ̣ʤѩڿ죬ﵽɣ̵֮ͼ֮ƶͬˣǴһ
׷磡
кһһꪴ̳һʮɴֵâĳɫ׹⣬ѭѪǿһɱȥ

һ죬һֱӱâȻƲֹڶ̶ǧ֮һɲǣһʮι
ʮιÿһζѪеǿһϣһʮιǴʮĵ㡣
ǣ
ͬˮѵѪʮΪģˣѪ֮ѷɢȥѸһռ䶼ǧٿףһƼʹѪͼҲһ̱˺飬ͼ·һ㣬˺֮󣬾˴Ѫ˵̵ĺˮһ
ʲôҵѪ򣡡
һ̣Ƶɴ˫ۣǷͲŵɫ
Ѫͼһͱ˺ˣѪҲ߽⣡
ѪƵıѪ֮Ȼۣȴ˼֮ûмµĿޱָˣʩչطķԪѹƣ𼸴Ĵˡ
ңþԵ˺ѪͼʵϣҲﲻ̶ȣǿ͸Ѫ㣬ǧ֮һɲǵĹѪʮǿ㣬ʹʧȥ֧ţȻ̮
ôôܣ
ƲţܲˣԼʱ͵񹦣Ϊð֮踣ɱޣѪǿߣȴһۿ㣡
ѪԲ㣬ƵĴѪûԲˣҲܱһۿƣⳬ˳
ͷ·ԼҲ˴ѪϤѪеһ㡣
ѵ
ԺȻһ⣬Ϲħͷ֮걻ˣҲֻһۿƴѪڣΪԭ֪
Ϲħͷ㣬ȴ㷴꣡һ˿âΪȻûĨȥϹħͷľӡǵ£ɣֱǸӣ
ϹħͷǱƲѣΪħͷľľ֣ܱ֮ܿϹħͷ̵ҲҪϹħͷļ䣬ϸдˣȻðʧҵΣϹħͷ꣬
ʯ֮䣬Ƹȥ룬Ѿɱ
һ̣ޱ飬Į˵ƣɣҲܣҾ㿴ʲôʲô⾳ļ£
һĺţǵһ֣·ҪڱƬգԲʮﷶΧһɻ֮Уһз򣬸һ
ħɿռ䣡
ĺɿռ䣬֪ѪٱֻɵΪʩչҲѪֲ
ãΪ˿ң˽ҵ㣬㾹ȻϧðʧҵķϹħͷ꣬û뵽ֲ֮ǰܿطѹƣֲƿ˹µѪҵĹ󷨣㲻ᣬҲм˽⣡
мĵƣ̫߿ԼˣҴûа㵱ɶֻ֣ǰ㵱ҳɳеһĥʯѣҸΪ˻κӰδɾ͵飬ɿռ䣬֣
ƺıںɿռ֮УϵͬѪ⡢꣬˲䶼ʼܺɿռľ޴ѹԪֿͻ˲ɢ
ЦԪ⣡ߣ˵ĲȻͨԪ⣬ϧԪҪ𼶣Ҳǽʵܳ׷ֲͣԪʮ֮һ֮һﲻΪľߣʹôӲߵľ綼ûãҵĴѪȴͬȫʺΪʹãϹħͷļ䣬ҲӦ֪ѪУһƴķţҵģ
ѪﾫѪ֮ǰƶõѪͼﾫѪģﾫѪⲻǴѪǿĹѪǿĵط߱
ҲȼѪ֮ս


942 
ɫںϹħͷ֮ҲûǰĶŵӣǱһħͷ
ͺһͻȻָ׼ԼüģȻ˽ȥ
Ƶüģеֻ۾Ѫۣ֮ȴһ̣Ƶָ

Ѫ֮۵ĺɫʯ飬һ˿˿Ѫӿ貶졣
Լ۾ҪεȵĺһŤϵͻȻǿ
Ѫ֮֮ɢѪȫſȥ忪ʼ仯ߣȫƤУһЩϸСĺӿˮĸĴһ趯šĹ⣬תһɹѪɫ⻪һɫƥǧɾ֮ȫûڡ
һ̣ƵΪѾ޽ӽڣ˵ڶʱѾﵽڡ
Ѫۣ֮ľ޳ͨױѪܣʹѪľӲᵽԲ
ͰѴѪ߾磬ڱƵһˣطǿѹƣֱϤ㣬˺ɿռ֮Уʱ˺ͣһûռ˵Ǵ״̬սƴˡ
ԻѪۣ֮ޣȫѪ֮ﵽ£ܻɱ㣬һжֵã
ɱϤϵܣƲôһϣһɳ죬ͻ񺣣ͻ䣬ΪһƵʣ֮Уʲô㲻ϣһ˶ɳȴ֮·ϣҪʵ۷壬Ρ
͵ҧԼͷſһ磬³˴ڵѪһѪһ̻۳Ѫ
Ѫ꣬񺿣·֮ޡ
ħѪ꣬Ѫаһִ似ȼԼľѪһóҪһԪ
ɫһóһһʽָơߵԪ䱦ԪĹֻƴʱŻʹãڣһ֣ȫƴ似
ÿһѪ̺꣬һԪѪɱԩ̺꣬Թ꣬ͻ˷裬Ҷ
ưһѪ꣬кɿռ֮С
ɿռ䣬һ﷨ȻѪ
šꡱ죬һεѪ걻ȼգԹɢΣȻɿռ䲢޵УҲҪ
ۿŴƬƬѪ걻ɣƺۣٴҧ⣬һѪѪһһ֮ǰһţһȼյİ
ѪѪԽԽ󣬵콵ٲһ㣡
ɿռƬѪк֮¸СԽԽήеҲܵ˱Ѹţ
ɿռǴ󣬵ҲΪˣһʩչĻ˵ɱˣѺɿռ߶Լˡ
ѹסɿռ䣬ƸоԼˣ纣ʱֲͨƴ۵طԼսָǿ״̬
ҵǿ㿴ҵȫʵıҵĴѪһºҾͻ״̬㽻֣ǰǧҲﵽ״̬
ڣݶɴĲͬǧ굽ǧ֮ʱΪ˿ʵϹħͷָʹһЩħطѾǧһһǧ֮꣬Ѿʼʢת˥ǽӽ꣬ɱҵ취Ǳͻὥþ޷ͻơ
˵ѾƸۡ
һ̵ƣȫת£ڵʵƵڣ԰ΪټϹħͷԴϰ򹦷Զܴ½ܹģǰİ׻ʶҪǿһЩ
ʱȫһɫ䣬ƹͬ޵ǧѪ䡣
һХһƣôȼϰվĶܷӳҵĹȴ䣬ҷ˫ޣкս飡ҵĵ̣ҵ⾳ҵѪҵ־Զܱȵģ߾ȫҲֻΪ˷ܶսڡ
ȼհɣŷ֮Ѫ
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һ춯ر죬ƵĽֱӱѪ飬ʱƴֽóһ󶦣ڶƿͼЩͼ֮Уȸ׻ĴʥޣһڹŶѪ߰ߣ·£
һ񶦣û̫оΧʮǿȫɫ䡣
񶦣ܴ½һ
ûȷʵ񶦣Ŷѹ˵ʥƷʸѪꪺħ֮ԭһֱƿУ棬ȻƵ
ʥشһʮǵһμ׼ȷ˵ǧδΪûĸֵþŶ񶦣
һ֣ƾһѪ֮Ŷ
һʮľ޶ǴѪꪵıΪƵ߶Ҫķ̫ʱͬ׹ص̫ʯǿ߱ײҲҪ˲
ͫŶݼ뿪ſҲֻٶԿ񶦣Ԫս顣
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Ѫꪺɣռ񶯣ͬǧһը졣
һǶһʮľ޶һǰʮĴѪꪣԸٶȷУײжֲ

Ѫصײһ糿ĺĺԲĿռ̮ȥ
Ȼһ𣬵ɿѪҲһ̣񶦵Ķ֮ϣȻһİۣȻǴѪģ
۴ѪꪣȴûˣսѪкսӳ֣Ƽ᲻ɴݣ
񶦱ˣ
԰ʮеĴѪӲһʮ񶦣𻵵ľ񶦣
˿ǰۣţܴ½һʥŶ֮ѹ˵Ǳˣײжǿ
ʯ֮䣬κηӦĻᣬ֮󣬸ûȥֳѪһ˸ǰ綾һ㣬ֱʺ
һգ쵽˼£Ƿһ˿Ц屩˳ȥһһöɫ򣬴ĸ֣Ӱס


943 췣
ԭûдƾشֻҪȡһ˿Ȼ
ȻǾŶͨȴϹħͷħŶĹƿԶϹħͷĴУϰħƣԴ߶񶦲УóĻһħħѪ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ƴ̳һǧ
һǧÿһиʱգһ̣ӿ޾ѪˣǧɵĹ磬ͬһѪӰʣ
﷽Բɽ󷨴ľŶ񹬣ȫһǧ±и飡
Ȼ֮ǰѩӵ˾ͿʼɢȡŶĵӣдľŶֲĽ֮зǣΪļǿߣ˻ԪѪӿ
һĻڳ˶̲ס׷˺񾪾壬Ŷ񹬳ǿľŶ֮⣬Ҳ٣ھǱƵһȥ˴룬˼ػĹ֮⣬ȫɷĩ
һǧܷ򣬶Ϊֱ
֪һ׹Źֵ˿ռ䷨򣬼˲ƣٶױȣһǧռ֮пˣûпռ֮ƿأҿô˲ƣ
ʱѪѾ׳ûмʹôѪꪣǴϼȡһһ˳ǹɫǹԶŻ˳ǵõʽȻƷߣȴӲޱȣɫǹϵһΪϼղء
ǹһͬʱֳһһ˫ɫͼ߶ѹ׻аѿ
磡
׻֯ؼˣ׻֮ӭһǧ⡣
ҵĳײڵɰǧ޴Ĺ֣ÿһֶʮǧɳ
ϼħѪѹ˷Χ֮ƹȻ֮ϡ
һǧ⣬˴룬ȴҪ˺׻Ļк
һ̣ߵ۵ĹаɫɫϽɫСҴСȭͷС׻Ļ֮£Ϣĳƽ⣬Ƶǰ
ţʲô
һݣȻǰĹΪܲǿܳǧ֯ɵĽǰѰƶˣҲȻʩչûõͨ
붼룬Ӱ˳ȥ߸Ȼȥ
Ȼ˵һ˲䣬Ĳ£߸ײһ
һ˲䣬ǧײҫâˣ֮УһƬڰֲָһйâȫɣϹһһɫͻȻ֣շÿһâгǧﳤ֮ݺ䣡
ЩӰǧɫϿռȡף򣬾ԵͻɺʨԴ֮壬аѿ֧֣Ҳûа취ĳ׹Ԫҷ
Ƭ򣬶һﲼµĳ󷨣ӡһͷ޵̫ŴڣǧɫϿ֮Ի׵罻ӣ漣֮֮籩֮󣬶Ϊһϵ
Щ򣬾ȡϵ󷨱ֻǴһˮϾ޾
ձһ˲䣬ز·ܴ½ڵλܲס
㡭ôܣ⡭׷췣ףô
ƾֵĺʮǰһս׷ǲ֮һҲǻԪĶ֣Ϲħͷ׷һȻ׷ӵе
Ȼ׷ǸĴ˵ϹħͷҲֻһϰˣǱ鲼λ췣ףȴǿУǻصĳǣ
Ϲħͷ꣬ȻҲǵ췣ף췣ףֻ΢һ㣬ըҲޱȿֲڵԶ統Ϲħͷ
ֲâĲѪսޣоԼ֮𶼱ˡ
ۣ
͵³һѪˣȻܿ췣߳ɵǱ췣ױըˡ
漣֮õ췣ףܣܣ漣֮ϿȻд췣ףôƿ㲻ƿ
޷ţܲˣ̳Ϲħͷļ䣬漣֮Ͽʲôָƣƾô췣ףôԪǧȥȡ򲻵ȡЩᱻ׳ɱ
ڣȴƿˣľԼͣ
Ҷ˵ˣӵвֹһ䣬ڶƿ㰲ĵȥɣ
ֱӴƵĶУҲ¸ƣУѾһˡ֮ʱ𹥻ֶ췣׵ңϤƵһ㣬ôӵ
ħ⣬ɱ
һȫԪת£ţƻȼգɿռٶͿ
ûħѪѹƣһȫķӳɿռҪԿĺɿռ䣬ҪĸǰɵΪôҪǮȥҲ;ƿݣ
䣡
ƺıɿռ֣ԪϵڣƵĻԪѾĵɣҲ
Ԫ⣬췣ף㾹ȻͬʱӵҲʣҲʣƱһȻٴҧ⣬һѪ꣡
ħѪ꣡
ʱƵ˫ĿѾһƬѪ죡Ҫ֪֮Ѿӽʢת˥һ㣬ˣطѹƣ£ٴ߶ħѪ꣬͸֧ȫҪˣ

ѪƣѪɿռٶȱħѪѹƣȻȴЦƣڲǧ굽ǧ֮ǰѾʮֽӽڣټӦǧϣﵽǧ꣬ôӻԪ֮ȴǱ߶ʱܽ٣ꡢΪͿʼ·˵ͻƾˣһսߣҲͻ䣬Ҫ񺣾磡
һϯģҪ̼ƣҰļҪĽʶ۷塣
츳һ㣬ȻЩдԵȴԶô࣬ǱܵӰ죬еʹǴʹ
ϻΪʲôҪܣɱ㣬ϵܺͻԵǱһЩҲܲ˵䣬˫ĿһѪâײҰޡ
ƵĿ⣬ͻȻһˣ֮ǰ֣һʼҾϾܸܵϹħͷϢǣϹħͷƺֲϣʮǰ̫˽⣬ϹħͷһڶˣѾϹħͷΪһ壬ʧȥң
ʧȥ侲ǣ죬עҪ


944 ֮
Ļһδʹƣʹøʹ裡
еġںϣʧȥҡʵ͵˵ƱѾ˵Ƶ⸱Ѿһˣ
Ļܲ˫ĿѪŭסڣҾңƣﶯҡҵĶ־Ļ
ˣĻԼĻΪλ飿Ӧ˵ʲô㶼Ƶᣬᱩŭ񣬾ΪѾˣ
ӽսҾͷ֣Ըͱˣħü׶ŭЪ˹ӡеƣϲŭɫǸ˲²ʲô㲻ƣƺϹħͷĽ壬Ѿˣ֪ôѾˣϹħͷںϵһɲǱˣվǰģȴһںϵĹ
סڣסڣסڣɱ㣡
˫ĿѪ죬һھѪ֮ϣѪһƬѪٲ
һ߾Ѫޣôͳ˸ˣôȻΪѪԭ
ԸֲħѪ꣬ȴЦƣϹħͷںµڵѾʧȥǺԣֻһĶħˣҰ̫ˣ̫ˣ㱻Ұĺ֧䣬ɱԼ
պħ˸ѣʧң׷裡
ˣ̲Ǹдģһ˽ܣ⣬ĳɾҪ׻ʡϽ񣬴ﵽħۡȵĳ̶ȣ
ȻϧҰ̫̫ȴ
һд䣡
ߵħɱԼҰҲܣ
Ʒһŭ𣬴ʱͬһħͷҧͷصһȭĿڣعǶˣֱӱƳһڱѪѪϣһ̣еѪ˷ܵͬһͷӡʮ֮õ̫ħͷ˳
ʱķˣȫƺһѪ˰˾ŰԪ
ˣƵԪѾǧ꣬Ȼڵ֮ʢޱȣȼվѪΪۻģһѪȼͻĺ֮꣬Ǳ׺ľ
һ̣촽ȫȾѪͷɢͬԨͻȻĲЦЦһ
з֮ô˽ҵʹࣿıߣֽӳĸһ鷲ˣ󹬣ʱңһأû츳ûԴڹթͷ·ĺл
ʮңƽΨһˣҲǸϹħͷǣҲֻҶѣֻΪ˰ҵһӣ½ƣպҲʵĶͻң踺أһУΪħٳɣܳ޷ܵʹĥҵľѪҵΪɱԼϲŮˣΪħնԼ
Ҹô࣬ô࣬Ϊ콫ʧȥһֻҪΪˣΪףΪ֮Ҳģ
˵ҷĴ󣬿ǲϹħͷҾͻҾͻ֪ôϹħͷһмҶòʲôʲôɾߣ
ҺޣҺ޲첻ҺŪƾʲôƾʲôҸô࣬ȴ㣿ƾʲô
ұɱ㣬ȡϵܣעһƸۣѪǧ
һ̣Ѿȫһգ۵ʱ䣬̳ǧ
Ѫȼգ˾޴ѾɲˣѹƲסˣľʼѣѪ⿪ʼ飡
֮ټһ£ų貵Ĺ⻪
һ̣ȫԡѪԼͻһѪͼΧǧ⣬ɱ
ֳִѪꪣŷ֮Ѫȼյ£а֮ת£Ŷݼ׵Ҳȫ߶
磬ûйƽԣţһԴдӸĸ̳ѪнǿߵʦϹѧϰ֮Ů˫޲ɲȵô
ҵˡħҵҲһЩһ֮⣬Ϲħͷ޹ĵȼҲǿ̫ࡣûо󹬵ͬ˱һҰʱ
˵ıѣ˵ĮûԴܰˣעһ㷢֮ӵоŶ֧֣ûУֳ츳ԴãȴҪԼȥܴ½ȨľߣֻܴһССƷŵϽ丮һ
֮·У첻ܵزƽһм֮ϣӶϵܾΪУıҰġ̰֧䣬ϧԼ˸δĿĲֶΣעʧܺ
ƣ㱾ɱֻϹħͷĹ
һֻǶ̶ʮ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬ԪƵԺ֮УڵħҲû
ΪⳡսսȻйܵĿܡ
ŷ֮Ѫ
һķŷ֮ѪȼպγɵĽɫӰڳڿγһ޴Ļͼʮɵֱͼ֮ϣתԶŻ˳ǻʯ̵
ʨԴ
𣡡
ʨԴаѿгͬһľ쳹֮䣬ʨԴҲһͼǻͼֱʮɣڱһͬϸСĵһ鲼ͼ֮У·ʮ·ƣ֮תıԴ
ŷӰ棡
ʨԴ
ǿʽڹ֮ϵ׻ͼ
һꪴ̳ͬĩգһ̣Ƭضһһֵͼ֮Уֵͼͬһ޴ĥһ㣬Ҫĥ磡
ѾǽӽԴܴ½ܹġ
ǧ⣬ȫ׻ͼ֮У
磡
һľ죬飬ͼҵ׻Ҳնñ飬Űգ
ʩչ׻ͼҲ
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ɣ
ѪһӣͼһƼѹ
ʱƵĽѾ˴룬һȫѪһѪͼչһգ۵ʱ䣬ִ̳ǧ
ǧǧƵѾʼѪϣѪ
ڤ粻飡
ȫⱩǣһ¡Ȼҧ⣬³һھѪѪꪻնȥ֮У׻ͼ׵ĵһ𣬶󣬳ױը
һɲǣʧȥɫŰһ񷣬ϣ»ǳ
ֲȫкƵϣһ˲䣬Ѫɫħ۶ϣѾƵ壬͵ķ籩֮УԪֽͬһ˺ѣ飬峹ױѿ


945 ҷ
âɢؼһйΪţɫ԰ףѪһĹԼһ㱾ѪѪԺǿԲֻҪĲĵرڵʵͬʱ֮ǿĹŷ֮ѪʨԴ߶׻˫ϵͼںΪһʵ̫ǿˣվֻɶѡ
ԲǧķΧȫΪƽأ£ǷԲʮ֪ٵľ޴Ԩһġ
ʮǿ˵˰￪⣬˿ֲĽֳ޷ʮʮµһˣѪ֮ʵѾŵϣǻǱɱµǣֻأԹµһˣٶϵΪڵ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣƽߣŲϣһǿߣ־ɱϰٸߣ
ĵ֮Ѿɴ⣬ȥƴ˵еľɣʱʵ֮ǿﵽһ޷ļ£
ʣ򣬿ܴ½񻰴˵ǰ޹˺ߡ
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һ㿴Ԩ֮£ѾһѪ⣬Դ֮Ѿ΢ʱϨ˿
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ѪѾ飬ͷ֮ǰͱҧˣģȴģ塣
Ұķĸоܲİɣޱ˵ʱƵ񣬳ĮδĿ伫³ȴҲ๼
ٺ١ЦĿдŨŨԹ䣬ʤߵ̬վǰôһ죬˻ʤߵ̬վǰͬ³
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׻˵֮ҲƣȻڽϣȴֻз䡣
ԭƣ˵αҲãǸҲãϱֳģȴһӣǰħˡ
ֻ˵ʧȥ֮ѾóԭƵԸ񣬴ʧˡ
а̾óȻں³Լˣӵħϴӡǣֻռ䣬ʶûκӰ졣
ħᣬȴ֪ʲôܣʵõʲôıʲôôγɵģ
ħأɴ⣬ʵһֱΪֹħĵط࣬ҲһЩѣЩˣҲħ֮ȲĽʥ˵
ħȻãֻԼ̫ͣʹòˡ
ţͻȻĿڷһ֮УָоȻħ
ԴħںΪһҲҲˣ·ƾʧˣ޷ϵ޷޷ָʱ屬ѪҲҲħټ
ħֻܱԸȻһΣȴħиܵһ־־ֻιʳħѪʱ򣬲ܸܵһ㡣
ħҪƵľѪһֻǿߣ֮ǰѾιʳħһ񺣴ܣҲѪɱԭǸħߣΪһҪڣȴ룬ħƺƵľѪȤ
֪Ҫʵ۷壬߶ɳĸʵ۷壬ӽ۷м֮·ͷģһһѽ
ƷźţţĿһۣɫһƵѪ⡣
㡭ҪʲôȻһͻȻ֣һǿϣϵѪ֮Ѹٵţ۹ȥ
㡭ҪңŤָо̫ϤˣѪʱ䣬̹֪޺ǿߵѪ֪ܲҪʲô

ϵľѪ֮Ѹٵı룬ĿѣѪ죬Ŀ¶⣬ȻѸţȴȥ
һֻֻѪγɵӰ㡢׻ָʥޣȫ˽ȥ׼ȷ˵Ǳħ˽ȥ
ħ棬γһѪɫУеѪӰȫн顣
ֱһͷߵѪɫӰħɵˣϵѪȫħգ
ʱɫѾҰ̶ֳܲȣҪˣòпǿһǿԴҲʮϢʱ䣬Ʊڳӣһ
ȻΪѪԭƲ֪˶ǿѪǿľͷѪ
ˡȻϵͷӰҲϸܵ˰ϢͷѪҲһ൱ǿ壬ӵ
һ졭ᡭ
ƺҪ䣬Ȼ˵һ̣ԴȻѿһƴǿʼһֱѵ򦣬͸˵ϣϵĴȻһ㡣
ƵȻֹ
Ȼһ̣ѿԴ֮УһƲл꣬Ѿ΢ţŤţ˿꣬ȻϹħͷϢ
ǱѹûںϵϹħͷ꣬ƾ֮ˣƾȻ޴ɲˡ
ħƺƾûκȤʹ˳漣ħϹħͷҲΪҪԵʡ
ƶˣ㾹ȻʣһƾꣿǿкһһѽǾС
֨֨֨
ƾ걻ס̷һ̶ļУǱסӵĴһ㡣
һɹݵԺ֮УϹħͷҪɱңҪɱң֪漣֮ħӵܣǿıأ㻹ûĽ漣֮ɣҿԴȥѰ
ϹħͷȻֻǷһ˿Цһֻһ죬Ϲħͷʹ˻ҷ
ˣơϹħͷȫ
һؿڣħ׳ˣȻһξѪȴûٴοħռ䡣
΢΢źƺ´οħҪǿߵľѪС
Ʋ⣬վѪĲħħг˯Ǹǿ꣬ҲʹħǸʥŮ
ЩܣÿһǳǿߣħʼУȴֻǺͨһԱĩһԱȴŮһȥȫҷ
ǸŮӣҪѪ޲ꡣ
֮ǰÿһξѪһħֻʾԼҪǿߵľѪָ
ڣħƵľѪ˵һ⣬ǾƵľѪڹϼŮˡ
ҲӦ˴ѪѪ֮ǿԭһǿߣûʸŮã񺣵ľŮ˵̫ˡ


946 µһˣ
ħٶȲʶһ£ħѾԽԽˣħŮӵѹҲͻϤħܣŪħʲô
֪Ůӻǵѣ־һƲлҲΪ£ұ뾡ǿԼʵֻԼʵġ
ţ̧ͷһʮǿһ˹
ܴ½ǿҲʮңʮռ˴룡
ƽʱʮ˾ۼһǺεȿֲĳƼܴ½ʲôƽ㹥ŶҲŵùھŶ񹬲ҳֵֻ
ڣʮǰҳһ£ܵ˼ѹ
ʵ̫ǿˣڻɱƺǵ֮µһˣͬ߰ǰħ۵ĵλ
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οɣʱ䣬ƸһԷˮô򵥣ʱһܳƬɱǿߡ
ܴ½ľʮǿߣпԵͻ񺣵ռ˽һ룬ʮˡ
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㣬ܴ½ͻڵĲʮˣ񺣺ڵֻһˣǾ컯ˣ񺣺ڶɱˡ
ԣܴ½ǿߵΪʵǰȫں֮ݡ
ˡ
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ơˣѩӿڵϵʬ壬ѾѪģұ˾ѪЩţһħɣūܴ½ǿ߽֮õƣˡ
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ΪŮͻȻһݣ˻ɱƣǾ֮˶ġ
һĿӶ˴񣬡ҵֵĦ֣֮лɱƣΪұѪ𡣡
֮ģҲ˳һ
ˣʲôõǵľܷԸҵĪǣһЩ˵
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˵ҵȸҲ쵽ڳ߷׷ױ̬ôǿߴһÿ˶ܴ½һİʲô°첻ɵģ
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šͷҪ󣬵һϣպ漣֮ΧֻӴ˳
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Ļһȴûо⣬ѾˮݣպҪһЩˡܴ½һжôܰģ
Ĵһ꣬Ϊһ仰ҪٵһˣӴ˽Ϊ㶦֮ƣ
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ڣΪһ仰һж⣡
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һ˵ڳͷ˶дϲǸһ޴ĵ⣬壬֣עҷ˿ûж٣һսעҪСʧջ
һ֮ãԴ񵽲󣬱ƽ֣ʥؼ壬Ʒţܷһ
Ĵȥң
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ʵݻᱩ¶ΪһƸܣּ˽ѡ
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С£ϡӧһֻһߣɱɱĮȻұӻһǾˡ
ʮ꿪ʼʽ̤֮·ڻʮһʱ䣬ʮһ֮ǰֻһ΢Сڣһ仰Ըıܴ½ĸ֣
պʱϷ̲֡Ӵ˳ʧһۣ˾ͽ죬Ͷ·Ƭ½֮
ȻⶼǺˡ
ʱȴѾԽǧϺ֮С
ھڵСǧ磬ǧꡢħ⡢ָĸһá
£Ҳʱô꣬ټָĸζִ٣һָĸһݲ
ָĸ˵ǿ³ģһôãټпǧ
һԣʲôû˵ʱǧߣʵʲôʱ뿪
һ֪ν뿪ʵǰ򣬴ʱһ֪£ǧ꣬ҲΪΣ˴ֻ֮˼µ´棬ǰĴӴһ֮꣬ʱԼҪ
ҡûá֪ô˵ˡ
ǧһЦ㲻ʲôʵҰĽһգҾ֪޷һֱȥֻû뵽һô졣
۽ѡ˱ĸԸģʵûĻϺս֮ʱѾҲ֮ˣ֮ˣһΪأ顢鶼ֻ֦ĩڣȥͺˣһ½һеġ
ǧ긽ߣ˵ţ˵רߣһ䣬Ͼ˼ɸһ£ȷûдϣŻῪʼȢ檣ӻܣĻһĿޣȫȫ׷Ը顢Щ飬Į
ǧҲһţȻȲЩۼţ㹻ϧԴ֧֣ιŷѪ֮УڽҲû̫ġ
뿪˾ͰԹĶؿշŮӣҲԼ׷мǿĶԣ޶˵Ҳʲôܽܵ顣


947 ŵһʢ
˺ʱ䣬еˡһܴ½ȥ
Щʱ䣬Ҳǧꡢĸһ𣬾ֻܸ֡
ǧñ꣬Ȼٲˮ֮˶Դ¶û̫飬ƽʱΪѹеĸһҲִ˲ƣ
ΣǷҪһȥ򣿡ոԹ֮ǧУɫ죬΢΢Ϣ˵
Żе񣬳һϼ屻ƿƵ飬ͷһӰҿЩûô£Ļֻء
Լֻһ㣬պ򣬲֪Ҫǿĵˣһ⣬Ͼ˼ɣܻܿ
ظ飬պʲô⣬ĻĲˡ
ܴ½ĻôΪԪܴ½ķԼҲӦƽƽġ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣΪ̫ҵİպҲǺܲףٵ߾磬ϼѣ˵ܴ½֮ͨӡҴֻҲҪһЩۣһ֪ô򣬿Ҫ컯ˣ߹ŷĵæ
ķԭ񺣲ܷڲɣʵѾһ񺣺ڣҲΥ治ҪԼ¶Ҫһۣٴһˣˡ
ǧˣֻǣ½磬ȴǿˡ
ǧһ˵ҲΪΣܸǧĻԵȴվߡ
ӻóһöֽ䣬˵аǧԪʯиϡҩĵرױȵȣ֮⣬Ŷѹ˵ҲУ˵ѹ˰ɣҵ壬ټһЩǿҲܹҵĸ൱һʱڣû˸Ҵ˵⡣
ɱƺȻƵȫټѪɱԭлɱѪɱԭԭأĲƸҪ
ǧĬĬöֽ䣬һʾ˵ĲƸ൱һĹ⣬񶦣Ŷѹ˵жֱֵ
ǧȴĲҪ֮ǰĽˡ
ôáǧʵ
飬Ѹ£Ҳǽ˻ᣬ˵Ǩܴ½򣬽ҵƣȽŸӴ˳Ϊһʥأ

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ŵǿ߷׷׽ӵ룬µһҪһŮӾ˫޴䡣
ʥؼľͷоȣвпʧ֮ˣҪ֪ڵĵλֿȣ֪õĽ򣬵ܶҲѰ˼ܹԼɫ֮Ů޸
Ҫ֪·֮Ҳܴ½˭ҲҶˣϾû˸ұ֤պ󲻻˵ҲǸٹ̣ôǿܹĸ󣬺ܶ඼Ǿ֮˵Ƿ顣
ߵⷬ磬һ㲻Ƿ飬մǷζܣͲһỹϡ£˭Ҷܴ½ļҾ죬ǿ²֣ͻΪʸ֮ġ
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ȴҪ飬ܲʧ
Щȴ˼磬ǺܿʱѾйһδ飬ǵڶΣҲ˵Ѿһˡ
Ǻ£֤ܾ檣ͺðˣ֪ܴ½ô꣬һֱĮĹһ׷£Ů֮²ȤˣǾ޴ˡ
Ȼѡɫ֮ŮЩʵҲǷޣһСǶ֮µġ
ǽᣬܶصĲִ֮ɫῡܣĻϿ۽磬Ȼٲһó㣬֮ŵ֮Ů
صȸУһȸڸ߿֮УɽҲ󷨵ļӳ¸նɽ֮ǧﳤѤɫϼ¥ڽ࿪ţЩ֮ڻ˰ԪʯԪѾŨҺεĳ̶ȣַ㡢ϼӳһҪٹ꣬ʵ˼ɾ
ʵЩô󶼲ԸȥҲû˼˵̻ҲòЩƶڶʥؼðģΪλܷ⣬ΪֺܹЩǳѪ
˵ܴ½ĵһʢ£ҲֻеƷеĳ䣬ܹﵽͬĸ߶ȣ˭붯ʮǿأ
˵ܴ½ǿȫˣĮ˶ӵҲЦǺǵ񣬻׼˺һҲʹϾǧʹӸֻ
ʥؼҪ֮⣬ܶƷ̫ϳϣޣƷҲ׷ЯɢޣȻȴҲһҲʶµһ˵ķɣ겻ʢҲǼΪźġ
һʱ䣬ȸգɽ֮ϣӲӵ¥ʤٲȻɵʢᡣ
Щ֮УһͷޱȵţۣͷţƼ֮⣬һũҸصţûȻ컯ˡ
Сѣһ꣬Ƿ޾ȻϵΪµһˣȴҲû뵽ô죡ͷҲ㲻᲻Ӵɣ
컯ǰ˵Цˣн죬컯ǰЯͱӻ컯ǰ磬ֻ컯ǰײβʵ޴ء
Цӭ˳컯˶Լд漣컯˶ԼҲ֮٣ο컯Ҳش˰ϣԼħҲӵ
ⳡʢ˾죬Ҳֻڵһ¶棬Я˵һЩлĻһЩҪﹲһ֮󣬱ƮȻȥˡ
ú֮ܶŮϣᡢϵõʧ


948 еĻ
ɽ֮ϣɫϼ֮Уڲݵ֮ϣϰƷ澰˳
ΪԻΪڻ˼ķ羰Ƭ½Ķ㣬Ѿﵽˡ
Щ꣬һĿޣɱ¾֪ٴγվһδİ
ɰңڵӣһΣҲȱ֮·ܶʱ˿֮⣬ҪĸζҲеһ֡
ḧ壬СèһĻǰδе
ãȻʲô˵컯֮ǰһŸ㣬ҪҪڿ
΢΢һЦ˵컯ǰ˵ʲôѾ֪ˣǹڷ飬ϧҲ컯ǰԸˣ컯ǰЧɣǸɲϹŷʺң˵ֻɣΪҴ򿪿ռ֮ҲЩǿֻƴ컯ǰĺˡ
㾡϶ܵȵ֮ˣ⣬ҿܻ½һ֮꣬ǰһΪΪɣǾ̣ȥһط
ţʲôط
ȥǾ֪ˡ
ǧȥĵطȻѪɱԭ֮·
Ѫɱԭԭڣǧ֮·Ȼûκ˸ЩѪɱԭħƿ֮£պѪɱԭҲΪ˵һ֧֡
ǧֱͨ˫˫֮·УҲڴ˾Ĳʯ
ʯ֮·Զ־ƻ֮·ЩʯǺ֮·µķ̣ħ۵ȼ֮⣬̻ۣЩµĵʯҲ뽪ϼµ̶൱
΢΢ʧ
ԪħŮֻյ־ƻûµʯڵ֮·ջľǽԪµĺɿռ֮Уһ޳˺ս飬Ӵ˻編
ڵʯ֮·ǾȻûݻԵˡ
ڽһʱ䣬ǧ˱´жȹ
һɹͻǧʮҪʱ䡣
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һʱ䣬׳Ϊ򣬳֮ǰΪͻͽ
괺һǧ£˵ؾ֮С
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Ȼ㣬ǱԨ֮÷Ӵ˵أδɳʱȴҲǽأû˱ʢҲΣաԣӴ˱԰ΪһƷ˿ƻߡûиΪ֮ģӳȫǱܴ½˷ӵ£˳һĳ⣬Σ֮ʱͻԶ飬ݻӴ˵Ļȫ
ȻΪܴ½ķƣƻΪѹƵ񺣾۷壬ȴļ̳˷Ӵ˶Է⣬ɱܴ½µһ˼ֻǷ֮顣
鲻˵һȫû뵽Ӱô顣
ȷʵԷӵľ磬˵ѹΪ񺣺ڣѹƵڣҲɱƣҪ֪ɱƣΪһУǷ٣ѹΪأǶܻɵǾĲࡣ
û뵽ǰİţݶ£ġ
ʮ˵ԼֻһСչ¶츳Ҳվһĺ󱲰ˣԼֻǻ½ԶŻ˳ĵһӿֲʵ̫ˡ
ÿʮ꣬ʮͳһЩȴʱģһʱţҲδܳɴ
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ڵΪͣҲصģռ˾ҲǴڿʼһģϹŷ壬ҲеڡڵĵӣȻҲеڣڵĵӣϹŷ壬һΪӴ壬ĿԼаڣڣǧڵˣЩˣмߵ츳ȻϹŷȻӴ󣬵ޱ޼ʵ˵΢ˡ
ɲ˿飬仰ʾĺƴͿֲߵʵǧǧҲȲһǡ
ллǰٹ£ʽ
һԼ˵ȥ
£ȫЯĸ롢ǧһɽˮαܴ½
ʱ䣬ʱƼڸ߿пｭɽ续ʱˣֵо֮УͨյĿֻ֣һǧĵطܣƷζݳ
ڼ䣬Ȼǧ࣬ÿڻ𽵹ԽԽŮҲ֣ҹӵұ֮һ΢
ԪƳഺפǧ꣬ǣƸ޾ڻߢܵ㣬һУֻҪһʱӵСνǼˡ
õʱվǶݵģµʱڵˣҲӭһ̡


949 ǰ
ȡµ򣬽飬һʱλðĹâҹۣǧөɵһ𣬿ռ˿˿һɫȹŮƾո֣ŮӺݻͷϴ͵Ц⡣
öѾ˽һ˷Ĵˣ
ӵһƻ죬˵ЩʱĿȴǧϣֻһŮ״̬µŮĹϵŮȻеǣˡ
ǣѾôˡ˵
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һ˵һϲ
ԭˣԪ𵱳ӡΪ˷ֹЩͷܴ½֮·ٻŮȡµĴˣǶܴ½ʥħ½ɳȴûⷬơ
ǰϽҲǱ½磬һƻȷʵֻһƻĻʮޱȵЩǿġ
ֶǧ˵Ƕ׷һȴҪۿպ֪£ЩʹǶһԵǲɡ
˵ָ꣬ᵯûǧ֮УŮһֻоɲǼȫȣڷڡ
ǱΪϹŷ֮Ѫ۶ɵĻӣа˻ϵƬǺúò֮ʱڻͻưɣ񺣺ڣ٣㹻ഺȴǵķǸʱгɣǣҲͻڣԪ꣬ഺפ
ǧӵĻʱдϲæлĸŮĸŮϣഺפԷӵľ磬ķΪ͹ŷ֮Ѫ۳ɵĻӺ󣬶ŮֶϰϵģȻ°빦
ܴﵽڣഺʲô棬⾰깻һٴΣʵۡ̣ˡ
ǻഺڣԷ˵⼸ǳˡ
΢΢ͳ˼ƿҩǧϣ˵鵤ҩºͣͻƾĻϵ鵤ϴҩ÷ǧĵرȥúô
лӡǧٴһɷͳ鵤֮ǰЩػҪ
ˣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ôûУô뿪ǰ򡣡
ûˣĸлǰ˵
ãô߰ɡ
˵꣬һӣһĻһֻ̣תϼһţйοռ䴩ľ飬ڿռ䴩
о֣Ӹûжκ󷨣ֱϷ˺գ˿ռ䴩
ǰƾ񺣺ڵΪͿԴռ䣿ţ֮ǰɱ񺣺ڵǿߣ񺣺ڵĸоûʲô˲ģڣͬ񺣺ڵΪڷϣȴԺա
һκգȻǰ磬Ҳ˵Ǻ粻֪Ŀռ䴩󣬼ֱ
ӵմŲƣ񺣺ڵΪȷʵԷһЩʯֲΪĲԷˣմŲҪ߶Կռ䷨⣬Ҫﵽռ䷨أռ籩С
֮ǰ컯˵ռ⾳һʮء
ֱǣŤռ䣬ϲ񷣬Ԫնգֽӣռ籩Уʮάռ䣬
ǰ컯˶ϸ͡
ϲԳ磬һ޷ԼĹ
ǽƾ־ÿռ飬ɢĿռ֮
ֽǿһСǧ磬СǧУпܹһͿϼַ
ؿռ籩ƿؿռ籩ռ籩ǿռ֮γɵģտռ籩տռ֮
ʱ˺գռѷ֮һռѷԭܷһеĿռ֮ȫ֧䣬԰߿ǰˮӾһմŲƣ
Ⱦ磬һԴǧ磬Զľ룬˲ϢԴﵽ
û뵽ӲԻϵ⾳Ϊ̣˿ռ䷨򣬲ٴﵽ˵أ
˼΢΢һЦ˵֮иôܵȻҪһЩеʱ̰򲻾෴ΪΪ谭Щܸ߾磬ȴûؿռ䷨򣬲һЩƿ˴ķҲܽմŲơ
ǣܽˡĵ˵
ֻǹһĹϼ˲ʧֻǰһһ̣Ѿһ֮УΧʮŨĻԪȻѾܴ½ڵλˡ
ܴ½λ֮ĿռϱڱԪӡҲƿֻͨǰ
֮Уվһɫ۵ŮӣȻǷӱˣڴһƻ̼仯һɾ뵽ڣ⻯ֻǷӰΪһ˿ɵģʱܱջء
߰ɣΪֻɣܵһЩҪԴȥ½Ŀռͨ췣ܻ֮ҷ𡣡
ǣ鷳ǰˡ
Ӵһ̳ɫļ̳ԲȫɺɫĻ̶ɣ½絽Ŀռз˿ռ籩ʱпռŲƵҪҲ󷨣ͽ˺ա
ˣ۴½򣬻Ǵط½綼һ£һҪСĴۣһ߷֮󣬸û½㹻ľ磬۲С
󷨷ռѣθٴδȴһǿǧٱǰγһʮɫƲʣǽƣ̺췣֮
񺣷Ϊ񺣣ôͻܵΪԽ֮ͣԽϼ֮УҲ췣֮һǿӶδס
꣡
һ籼ڵһԹ׵췣֮췣֮Ҳʱ׵ʽ֡
ӵתȫȻܻɢȴɢ޷ңҲԵ׽ٵһ췣֮ԽԽǿһöҩҷ£Զʱֿܵ׽١
˵ţָһһö쵤Уͬʱһƻǵ֮ϣһʱ䣬죬ڷγһֻŷӰǱڵײһ


950 
š䡱һ죬ɢǵأ
ֻһγ֣ͻɫ˴ϸСͷ
һĻһתаӣ糤ˮһ㽫ЩϸСȫȥ
ڣаѿ̲ܵ
췣֮ͬڷ̺Ϊкܴĺô
ף
ЩһۣΪмܣû뵽ɵ׷֮ûˣõһЩô
û뵽ϵ⾳Ҳⷬ裬ƺͻȻһһ·Ҫһ㡣
Ӿȵ̾壬ϵĴѾϵ壬ÿһϸĴ̼֮»ˣϵ׺ͶʮָߣƺǶɵʱϵ壿
Ƿһ۾Ϳϵôġ
ǰˡ˵˵ٴλһ췣ɢȫգ̸䣬Կ췣֮ʮɡ
ܺãϹŷ壬ҪԻϵ⾳Ϊϵ⾳ҪϹ֧Ϲϵ֧Ϲŷûϵ⾳ǰɣ壬ô˺ɣԻϵ壡壬ﵽļ£
ʱһһΣֻ߳ɵʣµ
ͫ΢ϵаѿ֮Уȫǽžž죬Ӳһ׻
꣡
ĻԪֱӱ飬֮ӿ壬ھ֮кֱնаѿ֮Уһ̣ȫԣҲܵһĪ泩֮У̲סХһ
ãܺá
ӵͷ˫һӻ췣֮߳ɣɣɣĳɣܵ췣֮ԽԽ࣬ӯ£·ҪըڵаѿһѿߣҪƬҶӣ
Ҫ֪аѿƬҶʨԴټ֮ǰĴĻ۲ŵԳɹǵƬҶӣһЩû顢Դ췣֮õˣɼ췣֮ͨȼһΡ
ڵаѿһƬҶӣƬҶӣֻһƬҶӣⲻ⣬Ϲŷ壬ҶӵƱҪҶӡ
췣֮ԽԽܼƵƵ֣˺Ĳһֵͼڿռ֮Ȼγɵĵͼ
һĻŵͼ̺֮ĿֲһԭΪƾԼϵ壬ΪǿһЩʱԼԿ½磬ڿ̫ˣֲĵͼֻҪһͻҷ
ӵɫҲ΢΢˫չγһ磬ǷͶӰ򣬷ҲòչͶӰȫԸ
䣡䣡䣡
һֵͼӺɢķƬѿļײһֱӵʱ䣬Ƴ˿ûзõĸо
ֱʱȥˣһֵͼӻʱֻǰһռ֮ɫʧһ֮С
޹ĴأȺɽȻСɰϸ緢˿ľ޾⣬Լǧ֮ңôߵľ룬µȴޱ޼ʣ־ʮ𺳡
ͻȻһ춯ص̧ͷһȴһͷǧž޴˶ͷ­̫޴ӹɢѹľԼȻ޵Ķˡ

һȴԪȫԼǱҲӣ
Ѫɷ֮ħԪָһŨҶ꣡
һ̸оЩ뾭֮УͬҰһ۳ңȻѾﵽɣҪѹǺףڡǰ߾δˡ
ҪЩ뽫֮ᴿһС߻ħ
߾Ļг󡭡Щ⣬ԪʵżܶʵµߣʸûУľҶ
ЩߣΪ˱ԪӶþǿ
ƺʲô˵ĻҪ½пö࣬һǿʳ磬һУľҲӼң̭ߵ³ʮңҪ֪ƳҲܶ࣬˿ٶȺܿ죬ôԴҲ޵ģܳô˿ڣңҲÿ嶼½ģȴʧߵĽ֣ܿ
˵һȷʵһ߻ǧ꣬꣬мٸŮΪ棬ЩŮУҲϰ䣬ͬԪƳŮŮȥһԼʮͻﵽʮ򡢰֮
Ĵڲ֪꣬Ҫǲ˵ĻôôҲȫ˶ˡ
һп磡
ߣҴȥϹŷһ壬ʮͬĽ磬֮⣬жıһ壬һʮһ嶼ڼ硢ѩ磬ҲϽƣϹŷȻһ˹ƽʱ˵ľʮ﹬ڷǷµʮŵӡ
ʮŵӣ죬ӡУӵʵǳֲǲħ۵ˣֻǷʮŵ֮һϹŷһ˸ڷĴڣǸֻж٣
ӿ˼˵һ˰ʮһӣž֮ʮһʵҲǲβ룬ǿĵҲֻ˶ѣЩ˶λиұǷ֮һ
ͷ⻹Խܡ
˵䣬˺գٴʩչմŲƣ缫Ϊȹ̣˺գҪ½˺ǧٱʵܴ½һͿԻռ䣬ȴŤռ䶼ѡ
ֻһʱ䣬ӴƿһƬ޾ĺ֮ϣƬĺˮȻǽɫģԶԶȥ˸ʤա
̽һȴûмӰӡ
ʱӴһӡǰƾŤ絭ˮһ㲨
Ƭ֮ռγһʮɿĿռȱڣ͸ռȱڣһ磬һ֮УԴٳ磬Ȼ֮У
Ҫ֪ռȹ̣Ҫ￪һǺεΰ޷ˡ


951 
̽ı߼ʣֻƺ಻ɽɵ츣ء
ƺ֮Уݡڷ裬ޣ峤ǧһڰǧɫ׾
峤ǧ˿ֲһ޴ޱȵɽ֮ϣһֻ˶ͷɽɢȴͬڰǧɫֺɫĸʴɫһ㣬
֮⣬һֻֻڡȸ˲ݣȫƺ֮䰿裬Ŀࡣ
ɽɵޱ޼ʵƺݡޡԼ֮пٳ磬һеһжޱ𺳣ʲôŶʲôħ۹Щܴ½Ʒ׼ƷűϹŷķֱСɽеĶԱȡ
ӴݵĽ⴦ڵ֮Уһֻ峤߰ľ޴ɫ˹ڷӵǰ
ֻɫ񳤵ȸ˵ȸ֮𣬼ֱҰһ㣬˵ǵƺѹεĲǰɫ߰˵ȸҲ߰ɣûпɱԡ
Ҳ֮£ԭܴ½ȸϹʱ˹ŷ֮Ѫݻɵģŷ֮ѪȻ棬Ҳ˵ιŷ֮ѪһֻﵽڵΪοԴܴ½Ϲŷʮ󴫳жϾ󣬾ҲûȥȸΪѡѪֳҲûйŷ֮Ѫעˣʮʱ䣬Ϲȸ뷲ѪҲٹ⡣
˵ʱһֻȸ֮ҲΪһھѾ൱ˡ
ιŷ֮Ѫʮʣ¶
ǴеĲǰɫûпɱԡ
Ӵ̤ɫչ裬ɽɵŷһӵʱ䣬һ͹޷ݣֱһСǳһ㣡
ܣ⹬һܣǳɵġ
е𺳣ҲͨϵϹŷ壬Ҳ壬ʮЩطڣǧڵĹŷˣƽϹŷһҪʮڵˣǳһСĻôɵ£
ӴԵɽƺǰݵٶ˲ϢǧҲ˺óʱŵ
ʱܸоľ޴߰ﳤ񣬷͹֮ǰҲͬһ㣡
֮У¥޾ڹϷоգÿһ֮жһֻԼԼĽڡ
ֻڣ׿գ
ܻɣеľʵǾֻʥݻģɾ
ӽͿĹŷӺڷشʥޣۡ
ܶ˼ӷ׷񣬷Ϊĸ֮һȻмߵĵλ
·ʱһ̧֮ͷһֻһһƽɵ¥ɾֻɫţ
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¥ͣڷӵǰ˿һòӣһεŮӴ¥վЦеĿӡ
ҵ˭ԭʦð
ĶԷ˵ûһۣӽеǷӵϣ࣬ΪɣֻǷš
ܸܵһӿȵƣͬһ˯еĻɽӡһ㣬ʮֲֿȻһԼⷶΧܡ
ƺӵ̬ӵĹϵô
ţüһЦôʮǰʼչأһִ¯¯ʱʱ䣬һ굱ʮ꣬չʮ꣬ʵ൱꣬ôʱ䣬㾹ȻûͻƣȻʮǰΪһԪҲ٣Ǳ
һ˵զ࣬û뵽ҲǿƵһ棬Լĵˣԣ顣
ӵĻᵽʹɫ΢΢ѿ˷ӡ䣬ĿƳһۣͻȻһЦˣԭΪֻǷӵһ࣬ÿһۣڷ֣ЩȤ顣
½ߣ
һۿݣ½̺ԪͬߣȡӵԪҲǿ꣬½ôƽ͡
ɾͷˣһ޳ľǿΪ㻤ڷʱ췣֮ûҷ𣬹ֲʦǰЩ˴ʯ½ȥһˣΪ㣿氡һ½ߣֵʦôӣɣ
Īʦ֪ûж֧֣ԶԶܸʦȣŽԼĵϵʵӡޡץ𣿡
ҧ֣ζԶˣľ磬ɵ½ߣֻˡʦǵЩ½߽չܹΪ֧һЩ棿˵ʦãָ½ߵ̴ǲ̫Щ
һֻ°ͣºܻĴĸ֪ҲĽ壬Ҫ⿴ͨǼ˲òΪʮּѵҪ赲ȴۿס
üĿ㣬ǸСϡ
¶ζЦ⣬ȻָȻһ仰ȴŭ˷ӣкâһһ̣ʮ֮һɲǣһĨɵӷ˫Ŀֱ֮Уһ𣬷·ʲôΪʹ飬ŤȻһ󲽣ɫ԰ס
һ£Ҳĸ֪ٵֿǹǿѹˡ
Ȼʵм࣬ȻڱһĿͻˡ
ս飿΢΢һղŷһʯûп壬ֻƲΪսĹâҾԲֹƽս飡
ﵽƽսľ磬־ͿֱӰʵȻԶԶ硣
սԽľ磬սӰҲԽڷӽƾս˿
΢΢е⣬Ϊܸӽа壬ʵ벻ôʲôɽôǸʦ֣Ҳǣûпɽ͸ԱԼǿԣ
ţȴһߣ
԰ɱ۵糸ȥɫȡһöЯ굤ҩ£һ˿ɵݵĹâ
ɣݣžʦֳΪһ죬ˣʱ˺ȥǸ߰£úһ


952 ű
ɷӴţ۵糸ȥӭⴵŷӵķ˿վڷӵĬȻ
ǲЩʣͻȻʵ
ЩʣƺҲǷϲ֮Ȩ޹ءƽ˵ľ̫΢ˣЩ˵߲Աϵ
˵޹Ҳ޹أ˵йҲйأҿصˣҴҲҵĵϵˣΪҵĵϵȻṩԴͬʱҲٲٵˡ
оŴ󸱹еһˣΪϹŷ֮һҵӵܣʱҾõö࣬츳ڣʵǿд֧֣ʵԣѴѵԴȥܶŵӡֹϡĺôȻΪ£ÿðҲͶ£˵ҷһԾŶˣչ֮ʱܶʱַľˡ
ٹҪλȥϹŷĺ﹬Ǳޣܾ⹬֮λģǾŴ󸱹ˣʤ󡣡
һ˵ʱϲȨǹλ֮׽磬ʴλУ󸱹֮׷ǹʣһΪ͸ˡ
ʵǰ֮λ
ȻΪʲô֮ΪûΪʲôǿյģҪΪҪԵһĻԵΪƿһ񹬣ܵõԴܹܵĴԶԶܱȵģϹŷʮÿһһõϹŷĶˣһ˵õȮ죬ΪЩظҲܸ󣬷ĶֵϹĻǵ³Ҳʮҡ
ղΪȻһ֣ʵޣǣʸϹ֮ܵõô
һѾˣܷ˽ĻʵҲãĹҲգҪλҪе֧֣ȫ˶֧㣬ô֮λȥ
빬λ໹ʱ䣬ҪԼĵϵԿԼҲԭġ
Լ̬ΣУԼѾ˷һɵıǩֽҲϵĵطõİ취ǼеһɣҪ̺ôǲܵģֻܵɵһԴֲ
ңԼɾͷҲ˷ӳ֣˼½绹˴ʯˣӻǧΪ֮ǰԼһö
ֶˣûзӣҪȵ񺣲ܷ˷Ѵʱ䡣
ϣûԵ޹ʵĺãҲûԵ޹ʵĻ·ЩжҲҪݶ顣
Щǰǰʧġ
ţãңҲ㣬Ҵȥƣͬʱʯ򡣡
һ·λڷΧһߴɵĻɫֻ̤бܸеŨҵĻϢ
ѾвٵŶӵȺˣǶ¼ĵӣвһķߣͬǶΪ
һ龹֮࣬һĳô˼ﲻ֣Ҫ֪˵һ˵һǳһ磬ʮˣʮ˵УֻµΪǲǷĵӣÿ궼Ҫ似ͨϸĿ˲ܽӣԷµӷǳ֮ࡣ
ܴ½ɾɾ൱ˣɾ񺣾ܳưһɡֻ빬ʽӵĻҪѡ
ĵʱ˵ע⣬ǱӴţȻ֪ӵĸݣȴܸܵӵĿֲһµƣԼŶƴʹĲͬˡ
˭
ʶӦ½ķߣȴ֪һһġ
ǲйϵҪȻôͷһ·ŶӡһͬǷߵ½ＫȲƽ˵ۿڷӵĴֱƣȴŶһˡ
ߣʲôϵйϵȥ½磿ˣҿʲôÿĵǧ򣬲׵㱦˭֪ĸУҸһ䣬һӶͷ
֪ĸ˵һ䣬ڳ˶ʱеЩ˿ʼûһЩˣ˵ǿ߶ĵıҲŪ
ʱ߼ʵ˵СӲ֪ʲôöˣߣĺöͳȥԼɵ仹ǿԼܰ㵽ʱлԵԼãҿȼСӾͲˡ
ΧĽʵĿᣬõԼƣһֻչĽڣš֡
ŵһ壬ŵоЩֿڣû˱ŷһֻѪϡ
ԭӽŶҪۣ統ڿ󣬿ҩ԰ȵȣΪӵĹϵ۱ˡ
ҲͬһĵӵõĻǸһĽ
ݵӵļ𣬴µϷΪڵȸ˵
ԭͼĻΪӵԭֱ˽ڵպֳڣȸ˵
µϣÿһĴмĲ࣬Ȼս˵ʷӵǰôܽ˵
ϵ͵һǳɾڣ˵ʸͨ빬ˣ˵˺ϸ˵Ҳ޷ͨ
ǵڶأ˵Ƕ˵ʵЩңԶ
ӵڶѣǾǡɾ;ɣֱ˵Ҫˡ
Ŷɣһ⵹һݾɾڹŷһ壬ҲǺܾģĶжԴнʦűϾֻмˣԴж٣
ģͨˣȻǱ½ǿԶ
ɣġ
ӿĿ֪ʲôˣЦһҪƾɣʱͻƿ
֮񺣡䡢󾳽磬ÿһ綼ֻǰڡڡС磬ǾŸʶ䣬Сȥɣű䡯֮˵
ȥɡָľɣ已̥ɱ壬ɵھɣɡű䡯


953 ʥ
񺣾Ϳʼ̤ϳ֮·￪СǧԪﻯ侳һ䡯ϣɱ壬Ҳݻǧ硣ĳ񣬵ݻɴǧ磬޾Ԫ֮⣬绹סˣɭ֡󺣡ңǳɴ֮УʱΪĳˡ
ܶȹɣ˵һɾٳɾ֮󲻻ԽƿǱ󡣡
һ˵ʮʵ֮ǰ̳Ϲħͷļ䣬Ҳ֪񺣡䡢ϹħͷеҲɭ֡ѣǳݻһ磬סеģȴǵһ˵
շӵЩ֮һйңиսм룬ϲбϣĹʱ޿̲ݣܴ½Ĺһģһлע뵽ǧеԪ
лԵڣȻ̱ɳҪ̫౶ˡ
ǸʱԼˣ˶ĤݣսʱҲһԪ֧֣Ǹǿʲô̶ȣ
޷
ʵ
ӵˣѾ˾磬ҵˣȥԼסһ¿֪ͨңϣ֮ܽ˵
˵ֱ꣬ӵһöֽ䵽ϣ֪һɨȴϵõдɫʯ׳׵򣬺ʣЩɫʯͷʯˣǻϵͻϵ⾳
ЩȻеĴһӸ󲻵
ߺ󣬼˹Ϊ׵һŮӣŮһߣƺǳģģǽڵӡ
ʦǰɣǾ磬ղŷʦѾˣչ㡣˵䣬ϸĴһĸ۹ⶼЩŨŨĽʵζ
÷ˣڷĿеķ֪ˣպԴȻḻޱȣҪ֪ȻڷȨƵλˣܵõӵʶҲǺܶӴŵҲĺ¶ϵǲ٣벻ͬϵʸûУʵ̫ͣǱ̫С˼Ҳ㶼ûá
ǣʦ㣬ָ̡
ʦܿˡ΢΢һЦλӣ˵ʦܣպҪղŷʦѾʦ½ߣǸʮĵһţɱܻɱǿߡ
˵ⷬǺʮĵһţɱܻɱǿߣú漸Ӷɴ۾
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵½Զıǣһ磬֪ж˿ڣʮĵһŵžԷͬСɣ½ߣҲвٲŻ֮ԭǱһͬ뺣һʰ
ЩܱӿأȻ츳ĸ֮ͨҵľſ˲ŴӷǳϵͨΪʽӣǶǳʮܿܿٮٮߡ
Ȼʱڵպȥȸǰ϶¶ȥ˵ҲкܴϣȻԳһʮһȴǻԶûܹƺŵģǱ̬
ۿǲˣò㣬ʳ֮Ҳûʲôرģͨͨʵľš
һԵ̲סƲƲ죬˵һʮĵһţͷǲôŰ
ʦܣ񡣡һۣȻСȦǴʦˣʦ˵Ļ㻹ܻɲɣ
ҲǻɣǾã̫ˣȥ׽ĴϿһ췹ԵĽƭӣ˼Ҹʵһǿߣģ᲻Ծ
˵ʼ磬ɫ̫ÿˣʲô߰ģˣȴʦȥסϤһΧĻߡ
⼸۵ʱһ仰Ҳû죬ֻǵЦЦƷ֪ЩҲŷĵ˵ģ鳣괦ؾ֮У˽ҲޣҲȷ˽Լʵ
ڰ·ϣǼڵĵӲģֿʼڨˣ˵ʦ֮ܰǰ˵ܻɱǿߣϵǿм
ţʮʮɡʵ˵ʵɱ˼Ҳûôע⡣
⡭ôࣿ
ӵɴ۾üһʮʮ
Ȼ˵½ǿ߲Ͼ񺣣ɱʮʮ൱˲ˣʦܣҽ־ƣһأɱʮʮǿǸˣʲôΪ
һŮգ۾ʵŮӿʮŮòΪɰֹɣСһ㡣
־ΪԼɵΪɱ񺣣½ǿҪܶ࣬ƺвɾƾԵɾ񺣵ģʵһͿԸҲЩϣ
룬ʵ˵Ǹ񺣳Ϊ
˵ǿߡȻƣһֱû޳ɴѪԲȻƾȼվѪӲڶʱ䷢ӳڵսΪ񺣳ɡⷬӵĶУȻһ˼ˡ
񺣳ڡš
־ţСظƺһֻ񺣳ڵĻڵӦҲеģǵĴʦͿԡ
ǸյҲһԭ˵ӣԪɻɱӦģ˵½ǿһЩһǿߣһһĶԸһɱʮʮҲмϣ
ţҲģ㲻ܻɱܻܡ
νʮһŵķžδˣܶʱ½ַ׼ţЩ£Ȼṧά˵ʮһŵķһ˵ܶظϿɣϡͿʵˡ
ȷʵʦ˵е
ӽţѸҵƽ⣬ЩŶʮֽȻԸϲˣȻǷԴģǿһ㣬ǵҲǿܹܡ
໥ʱ򣬰ѾҲȥˣֻǵۣһֱûв廰ֱ۳ս˵죬ˣΪ½߾ͲߣȻޱߣ½½ߣҪöģ
˵࿴һۣܸоһЩƣȻƾЩƲⲻʲôŷӲ޵ķʸȻһ˽ܣʵΣҪʵ֤һ²֪
ͻȻһ˵ʦܣ򣬻ûгֵıɣҴȥʥѡһΣ
ʥɲһĲرҪҪʵ츳ô򵥵ġ



954 
ʥ󣬺ðҲȥʥڳ߶ʮ˷ܣʥеֻʥûбͬʥͬƷ֮Ҳ󣬶ʥֵһʥܹȵģʥ㲻һʥռһƷʥȻܲܵõȫԼıˡ
ʥţҲǴΪĶһֱûгֵıǹ֮˼αǹʵģʺá
һƷǹħӵʱһȥµģǹûУƷʼΪһ㣬Ҳá
ڶƷǹԶŻ˳Ƿʽ˼֮Ҳص㡣
˴ѪꪣȻʥ𣬵ϾꪣǹҶ⾳ӳҲʮһ㣬ꪸûеԣʺʩչٹ
һǹǴϼȡϵҲżá
˵ȥʥѡȻĶˣ˵Ǿͷʦ·ˡ
ʦܣʥȡʥȫԼı£ȡģǰװ˷һλᣬҪע⣬ǧ׼ˡ
ŶһԭΪȥʥѡȴ
ǻȡһνʥĻ᲻ףȡƷʥȡһƷʥҲܲˣųĽڵĵûʥȸĵӣҲûŪʥ
ͨʥҲ൱ļֵʥɲǴײˣܴ½ҲʮͷʥһҲֻһѹ˶ѣܴ½ʥʮǰϹʱģˡ
˵գֱʥȥ

ǽһǳ֮ϣ֪ټ䣬ռʮֲֿڷͬĹ֮ҲҪ߳ķС
ȥʥһ·ת;һ޴ĳǳأЩǳعǳžɸߣǽӿͷȡȶǼǧ൱˹һʡܴ½κγǳض޷֮ȡ
ľ޴ǳأɣ´µסһˣ
ڷЩǳУ˴绿޵ɽ֣ٱõĴȵȣһǳҲס¼˿ڶѣطúܣÿͥһסլ
֪ӹЩмͥǼ䣬ʮСӣصΪʮ˾ձ̤ڣеŵȻ͸ˡ
Щ˳ԵġõĶҲԶ½ܹģи⡢ȡˣʱ軹ҪҩҺСС;Ϳʼҩԡ÷ǳʵ
̲ס̾ߴСʼԵ鵤ϴõҩҺסǹǷ£ۣô󣬼︽Ҫʱȥ
дĴУȻһУҲԶԶ½ܹģ֮⣬ǱѪ츳ͱ½ߺãԾһߵĳУһеˣϰ䣡
ĳΪĳţܲ˲żüã
翴ƺԷĳиȤЦǷ˵ĳˣһмĴУÿжˣʮڣܹҲʮ˿ڣдǷˣЩ˵еʦܡʦҲǴӷ˳߳ģǴʮ˿ӱΪڵĵӿǲ׵ģ˵ǽڵΧĻҲǾǳңЩķӵܣгһܹΪʽӣһ졣
˵꣬յӵûʲô־ȴС΢΢һ죬Щ˼˵Уұʦ㻹Զء
ǺǣʦãǱܴأʦܿģˣ˵ˣǵطˣǾʥ󡣡
ȻĻ̧ͷȥֻƺƺ֮ϣһ纣¥һĿ¥¥Ϲһɫңдšʥ֡
ߣǹȥ
ᳵ·ĴʥǰһĹ㳡㳡ĵ涼һƬɫһֻ񣬻Ө͸к˸·гȵһȼգЩĻɢһޱŨĻϵԪϵԪڿγһһĵͼȻֻͼĳΣƾŨûκ˲ݾᵽͼεĵز֤ĻϵԪƷ֮ߣ
ʱһŻʨӵֱ˾˵ǰһȻڵΪΪ׵ǸˣȻ񺣺ڡ
ЩϢǶɹɵӳǰɣһʮǿ
ɵ񺣺ڣǱȲġ
ӳ˫һʨ߳Ķ飬ٺһЦ˵ԭǽڵľʦѽôʥ󣿡
΢΢ü˵Ǵҵʦʦʥѡģʦи㡣
Ȼз㣬ʥǸѡõģôžʦأʥĹأʥѡʥֻѡһѡʲôƾԼı£ѡϵùÿʥҪǧģǶԵȼֵʯӳ˵촽һζĿžˡ
ʲôǧģʥֻҪһǧģƾʲôļ۸񣿡
νģʵǷµĹۺϳɵĻֵսлɱˣѰĵرŵĹ򽻸ţҲԸݹ״СۺϳɷģģһЩˣ絽˾ԴһЩ似ʽŴ֮УͬԻöӦ̶ȵķġ
Ƿڲһͨûңܶɸʥһɸ
Ŷ治ɣǼ˰ӳЦе˵ţȻЦȴζ
ɫ׳ʥƶѾ겻䣬ǳôĸĶȻѸȫʲôûУȻǶԷѣȴûа취ֻ񺣳ΪͲӳĶ֣ԼǽڵһĴʦ㣬ʦʦѡŶûͱѣ²̨ˡ
ΰط壬ܺãҧһֻֽ䣬Ҫǧģѡһ˵
ʱԪʦ㣬ô£ֻʥȻթôѵû˹ǣ
ƺҪ̲סʵҲ̫ˣôķһ񺣺ڵţ
ҡҡͷεǾµˣʥǣҩ󡢲ؾ˶Ǿµӣ˼ֹϺͷ֮⣬˿˵һ죬ЩС£ѵ㻹ָֹϺͷôԾЩˣƶҲû˵ȥΪǷʦˣѲ˸״
Щ֪һ㣬ǣб˽ңҲǾ⿴ġ


955 
һ޴ڣʹЩжԵ˴ܵż
ǷӱĻΰطȻҷϻһ䣬ðӿԵǡ
ȻЩȴûκΰ취ֻ˵ףʵУֻ񺣳Ϊ츳Ҫǰΰط壬ҲǾԲǶԷĶ֡
ھŵļӣءɣ˲벽񺣣Ǿ͸ˣһֻᱻΰط˲ƽ
ȻҲУΪֻأΰطǰɵ񺣺ڣ񺣳ڵʱ򲻼ıƲ
ʵˣѹơ
ΰط壬Ҽסˡֽóһ飬֮ӡĺɫģЩһСһ㣬Ƿ¼ɵӹ׶ȵķģһ׶ȾһģתáףΪԴҪԷıʯܵӻӭǳͨӲͨ
һ֣ǧɫıҪ֮зɳʱһдԵӵⲻǾʦô
˻ͷһȴһ۷ͨɣ֮ǰоֻǣ۵Ĵףһ䣬ӣӶ񺣺ڵΪ
ֳȣŲƣΧһת·ɽһ㡣
Ϊƴ󺣣òǷȻȻһ̲֮סη֮С
ˣ÷ĻݵĻǾĵ֮࣬ʡơòˡ
ʦ֣
ΰطʥ֮һʱһĵЦݣæ˻ʨӡ
Ǳʾһ־Ӹµĸо֮ǰΰطԾˣһֱûˣȴƨһɼݵ
˭̲סԪʵܸоȻֻ񺣳ڵΪϢкܴĲͬӦ˵ǣΪֲ
һ˵Ƿ˵ӻ죬ǾɵΪֻ񺣳ڣսʵΰط֮ϣĸǳʵǿʶ޳֮󣬿ӵбȱ˸磬ɽ󺣣ǳ
Ŷ˵ɣ
һ˵ߣںĵӡ
ĿǰĻһۣһɵǿߣɣȻȰɿµö࣡
첻ʵǿ󣬶ϼ壬ʼϹŷ֮һҡҡʼңǲľֱʵȺҲԺյҵӣΰطŻôķС
ԭлȷʵʵǿ³ܲңֻǲȱˣûб˸Ҷ
ĪҲǾһɵˣ
ҡҡʼȻ˴оϹŷĸֹһǵȻ֧ӵˣڷʼ֧ңôһֹҾͻֻ֧ʼңҲǾһɣʵûɳպ侳ʱǾǾ˵һˣ
һ˵꣬Ҳ˽˻ڷеķȻʱֻһСպȻŹʡ
ûأǾƯڿУžˣϵ̬Ŀⶼӳһ㣬ļСӶЩ˼Ƕܵ˺ܴѹ
˵ףǴƽǲݸϹŷеĻ壬ľη
½ߣһ۷ߵݣĿɨʱоһɺ纣ĸ֪ӿ壬·Ҫһ㡣
ָоÿ죬ȥҲ죬ֻǰٷ֮һɲǣûһֻǶž绹ŮЦЦ
ʦãôѡʥʦҪʥĻʵ˵һͿˣﵹһʥŮʹõģ͸ʦúˡ
˵ţָһһ˾磬ǹ׺ɵһ㣬һ˲˾ϣӦҲֳʵ֮Ĳࡣ
һھ֮ϣ
ǡƷʥüһԼĿ¶һݾ㵣ƴǣЩԥ
ǵģƷʥǳ֮ЧҿתԪʱһҵ΢Ц˵
ʥͺȸĵӶδŪʥƷʵʥǱһʥ˼ʮһƷʥֵһƷʥ
ʥ˵һԣмĸã漣еõ౦мΪһˡ
ǰͳֵʥҲ̫࣬þƴǣ⸱ʵ̫ϲˣҲǳʵһأ˵Ϊĵӡ
ЦʦôǺÿ·ΪʦöƵһ㡣
ȷʵòڣ˫أ޳ֱ˫ȣ̵ͦ˫ΣȻʱ࣬ΪƯգȴ͸¶Ŷ˵ģʹþ缴ŮƵϹŷ壬Ҳٮٮߣӵ׷
Ҿܱӿأ츳ҲȻڽڵʵʱȸպ˵ҲӦò⣬ǰ;Զ
ͳ⸱˼Ѿ൱ˣھ־ƺһŮж¶ŨŨĽı顣
ŮķӦ΢΢һЦ˵λʦȻǵһμ棬Ե֣Ʒʥɽ͸ˡ
һ˦ʥɽ˳ڷɽǱӲӣâ¶һǺý
ڽ̲סпĲƴ֣ƽб֮Ʒѹڽ֮⣬ĽڽǷͭһ㡣
⡭⡭
־ƽӵɽͨ죬ôҲû뵽ֻǳμ棬ͳƽŪʥһӾͱһ񽣣ܲ㵡
־󣬰Ǹŵеӻһ˶Ľ֮촽ЩεĿŻ죬ϣҲһ㶫
Ŀ⣬ҡͷһ˿֮ɫ˫֣û˼
ڻŵȴаЦɵƣΪ˭үǼŮʥΪǣǸ磬ŮļƷˣ׳գһūԼĵУ浱Լġ
һӵҲѽɾƽĵҲƽģһͨʥۺ


956 ȡʥĹ
ԪţеӵҲһлӵģ
쵹һЦݣصıļΪޣеӸûвάķȣҲΪڳǹˡ
ǸԣʥҲϵģеŮͣô˷Ѹ
˵үҿǾС椶ˣҲѹ֣үôΣԺգټôļǸŮӲģԹүĴϡ
ٺ٣츳үҪǲɲŮӵүĹҲЩôģŮηζҲһģٽŮһǾ͸ˬ
ӵĴЦζ첻ɫ˵˵ǲɲؼҿǱպ߳ϵϣ̤˵ΪĵӣΪҲɴҵһ֣ŮԸ˽⣬ģصĸңǷӵˣסҸĹϵڷߵԵףҲǸѡ񡣡
ҡӣ̸ŵ׷ŮӼо飬ЩֵŮӲ֪ǶһŮӣ츳ڣ֮Ů
ߣүһǸߣʵǸߣһƨĳ֮ϲȻַмΪ
ԭΪүֻһû뵽үǵôԶһٶãС椣ܶһѾ̫ˣ
ͼӵĽڵʯ֮䣬統Ȼ֪ˣҧҧ촽Ŀһ۴ԼƯʵõǽժ˵ʦ֣̫ˣҲա
ȻãҲǱҪ׷˼Զ׼ˡ
͵Ĭ˻׷󣬳类ҹؼǣǾ˵ˣԼȴǷӵˣһˣô㣿
ǣȻжϲȴֻ˻ȥˡ
˻־ƺһŮҲİѷɽ˻ȥҲеԾǻҪĿ꣬˻ȴµĻǾǲʶ̧ˡ
ʦãֻС˵ʲôģƴǡ
治գʦֵĺСŮˡ
ƴǣ΢΢һЦǰѶ˻˵Ǻðɣ͵̫çײͻ˼ˣʦòûϵһʥѰʦóԸ㷹Σ
֪ʿɶֹһξԶˣǾϣֻҪٷƣһЩϲжǵõǳ顣
ЩѶŮ˲Ÿܼһ־ϴҲûʲô˼ˡ
⡭֮Щ飬²ܴӦʦˡѾȻ˵ͬϵʵǿ󣬱ǿӣֶԼôã˵ûкøǲܵġ
ûϵԺеǻᣬˣʦҪʥôһ˰첻ڴϾת˻⡣
ˣңʦãλ¼ʦܡ˵ָָһʼڣһĬĬŵĽɫΪͳױɸģڻ˵Уָһۿÿһۡ
ŶˣҸղƺʦóķĲֹǧƺǾǧ
һ۾Ϳóķĵľһΰطһæ˵ʹӣСĸСһʱԴͿԡ
ΰطһ֮ӣʥһȱһƽӵߵλȻǲԹɫ˾ʲôܵʲôǰװжƵģˣʱܰȥĹȥͬɾ֮ˡ
ܲ£
ʵʻʱôȥʣȻˣˣˣüͷһ壬װŭΰطǰɣʥȴԾʦթ
ʹˡС´ξԲˣС۲ʶ̩ɽ֪ʦøʹǹѣ֪Сľþʦýʥġ
ΰط˵Ǽнһ仰˵˻Ŀϣ޲ΰطļͷ˵һ䣬˵ĺãͣ
ߣԸҪ´Σر󣬾͸ð°£һһǧģҳˡ
˵ţ̧˦ǧģֹҧҧ촽ûڡ
ΰطͷҡĸ˹ƵģգӲʵҪֱӽȥС
ûΪ⣬ΰطȻǸ˲ţǸԼӣԪһ˵һΰطһǧģֲʧ˵ѣʵȴҪΰطԼСȻ΢Ҳ˿Ҫ£
µˮ©һƨү¿ȫʵСһȥ졣
ЦȻˣȴ֮ˣ߰ɾʦá
һƣ΢΢һ죬֣ǽȥɣллʦ֡
ΰطһЦǰ·Ծ̬ȸһٰʮȴת䣬һеȻΪ졣
ʦ簡
ļԪţŮ΢졣
ǰΰطӣƵġ
Ӣʵǿֳ£ĺ÷ңôʦ;ܾأ˵ʦһܰ£һء
ŮӻŻͳķɽаϧǵȦУȻҲ˼˵Ԫ̲סҡͷѻ£뷨治һ档
ţѾʥ
ΰطڵĽܵʥȡʵλӦöˣʦʦÿ֪ܲҾ͆һ顣
ʥһ޴ķԣҪȡеıҪõʥϿɡ
ʥϿɵкܶ࣬ˡѪԣԷƷԶǿܵһԭ򣬲ЩʵǴҪģõʥϿɣҪǡһ츳һǱ
ߵ츳Ǳ࣬һЩ
츳ߵʵսʵ䣬ͬ£սԽǿ츳Խߣ֮սһĻԽС츳Խߡ
Ǳǿδķչ츳ߵǱһ󣬺ܶɵǿΪԭս͵ĲֱӣǱȴ̫ܳɵǿߣ
ҪʥȡȵõʥĳϣȡʲôƷıǾͿǱ츳жˡʥȻֻҪһǧģʥʵʼֵ˼ʮʵϣӽʥȴǿֶ顣


957 Ѫǹ
ΰط˵֮ƿʥһţʱ䣬һǿɱ̲֮סһߵļɲǼ÷·һԼüģ̹ǣɱ磡
̲סһΰطаɫ˵ʥеʥܶʮʷЩǸ콾ЩǷֹģЩʥǣսնɱ֪پǿߣɢɱʮֲֿ
ʥѾ˼ʮ֮ãÿ궼ᲹµʥҲʥȡߣĵȻƷʥǧ֮࣬ƷʥƷʥμ٣ļƷʥֻмѣЩƷʥУѾӽͨʥҲĴڣ
ʥֻĸƷƷƷƷƷȣڶࡣ
Ʒʥ֮ϱͨʥһЩͨʥǣҲͨ飬ͨͨʥֳ
Լ߾磬˵һļôʥ˳ɳԣͿֹߣȻޱȼѣҪߵ౶
ӵͨʥˣǶһܣ
ͨʥ񺣾侳ΪߣҲѷӳֻܶ䲻һɵ
ʥûдͨʥͨƷʥҲΪ죬ԴߵʵԶԶǱܹġ
˵ֻһ̺ҪעҲֻǸӷ̣ײƶѡ
ʥͬʥ̺ӱʥͬڴӷɵĹ̡
ƴ֣ҲֻͳƷʥƷʥ
ƷʥͳΪԼõľƷʥֻѡ
ʥ֮䣬ÿһƷļֵʮһٱڼƷʥ춼ûУŵ˵õһƷʥõʥϿɣսΰط壬֮ܡ
õһƷʥ˲ɱƣ޳ԲĴѪΪͻڣҲһҪ
ΪʥмΪӴ

ʥڲͲǹһޱȹ磬һƬƽԭ֮ϣϷƯһſǳһĶÿһǳ֮УһʥӰӡ
ЩǳдСͷųĹâҲǿ
ΰطâԽǿʥƷԽߣԽÿֻһλᣬУ޷ͨʥĿ飬ôȡʧܣװ˷˻ᣬڿԿʼˡ
ʦãɡЦ˵νʥĿĺȷǳǼƷʥģƷʥȻ󣬵Ѿй涨˵ĵʥȡʥƷֻһ
£쵱ȻȡƷʥ
ʦãҪȳְɣ翴־˵
ҡ־ƿϷǳһۣЩţ˷һλᣬһξͻһǧģƽĵ˵һĿĲƸˡ
ʦòҪţоͿԣѡһƷʥɣʦõ츳Ӧûġ˵ϹŵЦһһħ־Īƽ
־ƸмĿ˻һۣĵ˵ͷ
һ˫ԭʹĹֵ۾еǳпȥշ·¶˺ܴһ㣬ƮɶһŹâеǳȥˡ
ǳ̺֮ĶȻһƷʥ¡
ʥȻһ㹥ʥֵ౶Ҳȡ

һ죬־ǿǳȥˡ
ҪʥĿˡ
ʥĿȫۿǿǳâӳңĿռ䶼Ť
Ѿһʱˣʦûϣġ
Ц˵ÿһʥһԻÿռ֮УոսͱôϾʧܣȻҲпֱͨˣˣɵӣ˭ѡ׵ֵʥ߼ʥ
ߣҲΪ־ưţ֪־Ƿܳɹ
һ㡢㣬һӡ
ʱһһţֱĳһ̣ǿǳĹâͻȻ־Ʊ˳ɫͨ죬Ȼļ
־֮еǿǳ˸˼£һƮţǳâȥֱʧ
־˷ܵץסһƮƮĲ£··ǿȸëƶɵģʮޣΧһȦתʮּ͵ķԸԪΪһ壬Ҫ־ƣҪʥµķ
ϲʦãõһ£ʥƷʲΪ£ͱһĹʥࡣ
ЦǺǵ˵ߵΰطҲǸһĵϲ˵־ƶЩ˼ˡ
һĽƯĲ±ǰŮĸοƯдõķ£־˵ֱˡ
ʦãúá˵
˽ʥֶܹѾǳ˲ˣ־ҲǷӿصˣܹȡһҲ֤˷ӵ۹ⲻ
ʦܣҪҲȥȡһ
ͷҡҡͷ˵ʦ㣬һûѡãٿ
óʥſЩʥƷѣܴ½ͻ˴Ѫꪡ񶦡ϼ䡢ϼ֣Լħ֮ʥǬ¯׼ʥ
ħ֮񶦶ǧѹ˵˺ͱıƷʥѪꪣٻһƷʥǹȫûҪ
Ҳãѡʥһ£Ҳһˡ
˵ţʥȥ
ʥſǴĲͬһ֮ϣŸ貵ǳǳſڵЩǳʮٱǧ
оſǳâɣֱ̫һ
˺嫵ϢҲͷһĪ
𾪵ı飬۾¶һ˿
½ͬнǣôܼʶƷʥķɣ
ţЩȻ˵ǾŸҫ̫һâʥǼƷʥһżϹŷ壬Ϊ֮ʥļƷʥǾżżʥͬ׿գ
ЩƷʥУһһһǹһһ¯һ£һָһһף
ǿڹս˵ȡ̫𾫣ڸִΣԼ֮оþ֪˶ĵرżɣƥ
˵ǹΪѪǹǹεʱ򣬴õĲˮǷѪѪһߵõʮξһ죬һֻõѪĵ㻯ܱɽڡȸȴʥѪǹ֮У̺˷Ѫľ޷⣡
˵Щʱ˸ȵĹâν뱦ҲΪŴƷʥ
Ѫǹ۾һĿǸǹϣҲ벻ˡ


958 ȡ
ĿȥԼԼĿһ˰ɫĳǹǹӡķģһɹɺ嫱ӿϢǹϲɢ
ͷ˵ΪҫۣǱ˴֮ǰҲвСĲ𣬹âǿǷѪǹĹâھżʥĹâҫ۵ļ֮һҲ֤ˣ˷Ѫǹż֮УҲλж⣡
˷Ѫǹ֮⣬ǹսĹâҲضãȻʥҲǼƷеļƷҲ֮У˵Ϲŷ崫вӣʮ˰ãձıǽǹ
ϹŷŮӼ࣬ϰýǹΪϹʱϹŷսķʱ򣬶ž޴Ļ񡢽ڣʱǹҪȽֵöˡ
Ǻǹ̲ס̾
ǵȻˣҪҲܵõһƷʥͺˣ֪ʵ߶ٱЩƷʥж˴ܲЩĻ˵ҲǴ档
ߣյһ˵
ˣõƷʥԶأʦֻпܡеӺĴյӵİΡ
ǰǰʦξΪȡƷʥİɣ
һŮӸ͵
ЩӵĻһЦҡ˵ȷʵΪǼƷʥƷʥȻ󣬵Ҳȱ
ֻǡ⼸Ʒʥ̫ȡˣǹսѪǹǼƷʥеٮٮߣӽͨʥĴڣңҲֻɰհˡ
ʦҲֻɰհյ˵
ΰطһ֪ʲôʥô꣬սѪǹһֱûȡ߹ǼƷʥҪ֪Ƿ˵ĵӣҲֻõƷʥƷʥûУƷʥģǷ˵еٮٮߣ
ΰطƨˮƽ¯࣬ÿһ仰˵Ŀû켫Ϊá
ΰط˵Ҳʵ˵ĵҲõƷʥЩܽ˵ǿͻڣ󾭹ϸĿ˲Žȥģ˵ֱͻƾɽ˵ģֻռٵһ֡
ʦ¶һְɡһŮ˵
ǰǿ۽硣ӼæŸͣҡӣ΢΢һ£һϣžĴģҲգҾٳһΣȻȡ˳ֵ׼˵ʵҲϣģƷʥôȡġ
ʦãһȡΣ
ž˵
ţõġ
ղЩʱҲһʥһڷɽƷʥƷʥеٮٮߡ
ͻͬʱڿն𣬾ǿʥ˼ƷĹս
սĹâڷѪǹЩƷʥָʥ¶ҫ۵ö࣡ۿŻսӰΰط嶼ɴ۾ĿתĶзһУΨִ˾ʵһĻ
ۣ
ͬ󺣣ֱͶ˹սĽ֮Уʧˡ
ҲǿƷɽĹâ֮УʼͨʥĿ顣
ӣ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴţǿеգоηɫ
ʦã㵱ʱȡƷʱʲôѽŵĵӴδԹȡ̲סʵ
־ƵһЩӵĿ飬ʥǳ֮ƺԳһ磬ʦͻʦȡʥļҸ࣬Ѷȿ϶ҲҴöࡣ
־˵䣬۾һֱû뿪ǿǳ֮УԵϣܹɹȡʥ
ʱһһţܿһӹȥˣʥΧĹâԽԽĬĬĿһУϸĸ֪Щâ仯ص㣬ĸоƯŵЩʥʵһ󣬶ÿһʥڶһۣ״ޱҲֻܿһ
ͻȻһΰطʥıǲǾǧŰپʮż
ΰطһ£Ŀһۣ˵ǾǧŰپʮżƷʥǧƷʥŰټƷʥʮƷʥż
Ϲŷ־ţžŹһ˷˵
Ϊ̺֮˴
ǰʥ󣬱һƷĺڣǧŰپʮżʥɵĴϣһʥȡһͻᲹһµģ֤ʥеʥ䡣
ԽԽоǰ״֪ĳУʱͻȻһ죬̧ͷһ㿴СһҫĹб˳ɫ˵ϡ
ʦ㣬ô
ӼæΧȥ
ȻЩ٣һĲСӣĿ˷֮ɫûлش˵⣬ֻ̧ͷգֻǼϢ֮ͬСһĹâ㽥ںϳһںɭɭıֱ

Уһ
ȡɹ
ϲʦ㣬ϲʦ㡣дϲ˵ͬʱҲЩĽƷʥ˵ĵӣȥЩһҲõƷʥѡ
ڲڽڵۿҪȸŪƷʥպ˵ŪһƷʥҲпܣ
ʦȻõƷʥպʦʵҪһˣ
ǰպʦǵĵҲˡ
˸߲ҵ˵ϵϲҲβס˺ˣƨˣֳ㹻츳ܹ÷ʦӣٲʹǵģʱһƷʥʲô
һЩˣʱһֹսڵ貽Ҳ͵
һæ̧ͷȥֻ䡱һ죬ֽɲǼŷ֮ǰʤʮ⣬һӰӽб˦˳ǻ졣
˦ֽ֮ĹâͽȥϢָ֮ˡ
ʦ֣
ʦû°ɣ
ۿŻ챻˦صˤڵϣæ˹ȥΰطΪڣ޲óȥ˹ˡ
үүٶߣһ߷һߴֽȡֵҩ׼ι
ʲôУٻûأ
߳ŭһƿ͵ҩӣɫĿеĹսһڿУҫ̫һ⣬·𽾰һ䣬ҲƺڳЦ˵Բ
ڸĽߺ޵ţһ׹⣬ȡҲǱ˼ϣڣûȡ棬仹ھǰŮˣһӶô
һ۾磬ȴĽѾˣû޹⣬ȡһʧܵġ
ΰط˼磬˻ľæѾˣԹսӵʱ䣬ʥʮ꣬ڹսĹмӵ˲һ֮
ΰطĻ˻ļ棬Ȼ֪ΰطڴţĬ


959 Ѫǹ
٣ҪȡһƷʥʥƷʥҲǷǳģȻȲǾżƷʥҲǳԻٵʵƷʥֵΰط˼磬֪챻ɨӣæ⡣
Ʒʥ뼫Ʒʥ˴˼ֵٱȫһġûȡһƷʥȻģȡƷʥ̸ףʥ츳ǱΪ߶ߣûд侳ٻȡʥҲǴͬС졣
뵽ٿһ۾磬վ˵ðɣΪ˵ӣʥȡʥһûȡһȡƷʥɣڶȡս
ȻȡƷʥѶ̫󣬹ҾȡһƷʥԼһһԼ֮ӣʦʦǰɲֵĴʦ֣˾ηĴڣȡһʥͲѪһ˦ˤڵϣʵ̫ˡ
ڶγ֣ʥ󣬳һξҪһǧģȻԻݣΰط嵱Ȼȥ׷ˡ
쿴һеʥ˵ƷʥУ¡ָҶˣȴȱһ¯ˣ
쿴׼һͬһĹâֱ˲û֮У
ǹŵĴСƲҪץȡһ¯ƷʥеĶɫͬƷʥƷʥƷʥֵ֮Ҳ൱ʥȡһƷʥԻʵҲм
ǻʦ֣һ־Ҫץôı⻹Ǻ򲹵ģԭʦҪץսġ
ǰ⾳粻ˡ
ߵļ磬ץȡƷʥѾǳǿˡ
û°Ĺ֮󣬹űԽԽһ·Ҫա
һʱ䣬Ȼһ󣬻ӹдݵķ˳һУǹű㿪ʼѸٱС˻ģתš
âϢ֮ǹžͱһͭɫС¯ӣۡ
ˣ
һƷʥôˣһʱ䣬ʦֹȻ
һĻڳʮ𺳣ѾǿˣȡƷʥȴЩѡ
ȡƷʥȴɣǱ츳಻һ㡣
治ˣʦôղ˹սսöǿ
ǰƷʥ治֪ʲôȡǡ
ʲôʱܴﵽʦֵľͺˣûȰ
ļӷ׷̾Щάɫÿһ㡣
İ¯ӶԼӣĵ˵ŰɣպҲһĹƷˡ
Ʒ
ʣӶˣôõĵ¯˼ֻǹƷ˱ˣˡ
ʱΰطЦپǻ٣ǶƷʥʥ¯¯ȻǼƷʥҲ뼫ƷʥԶˣ
ΰطֿʼشֻЦЦ˼ԼȻ𴩡
ˣȻûõսõôһʥ¯ҲǴպˣʦҲҪ뿪˰ɣͬΣоԼҲ¶Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ٴοڶԾ롣
΢΢һЦ˵ʦ֣ˣһԼ߾ˣҴʦܻûȡء
Ŷʦܣżûȡ񺣾߼ǳãҪסʲôԲȫΪĸֱӾͺˡ
ûϵʦãҿԵȵ㡣˵ţƳһۣЩͷ˵λʦܣɡ
Ż;ĶԻڳ˵Ŀʱϣû죬ͷ죬ĿھżƷʥһһӹӳΰط˵ǰʲôĵӣȡʥûƷưɣѡ
ȻֻҪȡõ˵ҪҪȥſڣƷʥƷʥΧΰطƳһۣ˵
ˡ΢΢һЦˡ
ǣͦŵģ½ķ߰ɣ½߳ʱͦŵģǾ֪ԼĽˣְɣʧһοһǧģû㡣ΰط´һۣſԱܴ½ĵӶһٮٮߣȻǱȴԶ
ʦ㣬ʦȡʥĻ᲻Щǿ־СԾ˵Ҳȡʥ֪Ѷȡ
ģˣʦʦصȡƷʥӦû⡣˵ŷӵ۹⣬תͷ˵ʦܣҪţӳԼʵʵͺãʲôʲô
õʦ㣬ҳˡ
˵գοնŲȽټΪƮֻǰٷ֮һɲǾӹƷʥƷʥĲΣ
ƷʥλͣƷʥǼƷʥλڿռ䶥㡣
ʦҪȡƷʥ־Ƶɴһ˫ᣬˮ۾Ļû˵꣬ѾӹƷʥĲΣ˿ռˣ
ҲǼƷʥĸ߶ȣ
ʲô
Ҫʲô
־ƾˣҲǵɴ۾ĿżƷʥȥѡĿȻǡѪǹ
âȹսй֮޲ķѪǹǾżƷʥĴڣѾӽͨʥ
ѵҪѡѪǹ
ߡֻǺȥѣ
ٶȺܿ죬ӦѾ嵽˷ѪǹյǰҸûмٵ˼ȻҪֱӳȥ
硢־ƵǾţΰطͻ켸ҲǴסˣǻһֿɵƵĿ⿴
𣿡Ƿһ˿ЦֱһӣȻ˵ûΣգĲ̫Ļܻˣ޿κεļƷʥȻɵȥȡҲԼĵУ
ԹԵĲˣԭΪǵ½߾ͺܶҲûôġΰطˣ½߶ĺܣٿҲ̣Ǹɵơ
ۣ
ֱûҫ۵Ĺâ֮С
¾˴۵СۣûϵһĻ
Ϸһ˿ζЦݣʦãʦܻǡء
ҧ֣ھǰΪ˹˼Ȼ˵ʲô̵þѿϾǾġ
ȻԵΰطͲùˣЦ˵˵̫ˣǴ˵Ļ˵Ǵ󻢱ƣɵ²ƺԴǰ壬̫ˡ
ΰطһ˵ҲЦˣҡ˼ӣڻߣɫ΢΢ͺ죬ʮֵΣԱ߼ҲЩˣһľͳѪǹʼδ


960 
ŴƷʥԷѪǹսչΪзѪǹҪǹս˵ǿʥˡ
ھŴƷʥеĽָµȣȻͬʥ֮УЩƷġʥֵһЩΪǱƷʲ˷Ѫǹ̫࣬ʵʼֵûȡ
һ֣ͳžżƷʥһȥܲ
ɵƣҹŲʮϢڻһЦ˵
ʮϢ̧̫ˣ˵ϢڿܴӰպΪһЦ˵ǰֻҡ΢Ц
ܴܴ£ľɵ񡣡
һһģϢʱҲʮֶݣ˵Ѿ߰ϢʱˣȻѪǹϵĹâȴԽԽʢ˿ûҪӡ
Ϣʱˡ˵ȻҲΪʲôҲȥȡѪǹ̫³çˣȴ߻ϾǷӿصˣȡƷʥȡƷʥҲӦò⣬ôһֳɹȡƷʥĿܣڼƷʥĹ֮УҲ֧һʱ䣬̫ѿ
ǿ˵ˣʦܿܳŵʮϢ֮ǰ˵ŲϢǸӴ˸˵Ȼ˵仰Ϣʱ䣬ǣʮϢҲˡ
Ǹ΢΢ü˵ĻͱȻɫÿˣȻ
ʮһϢʮϢʮϢ
ʱһϢһϢţӵɫԽԽѿڼƷʥĹ֧ʮϢʱ䣬ҲǸˣٽܹȸ֤츳Ѿ
Ȼ츳ڷ˵ǰкܴĲ࣬ҡӣЦҲ̫ˣʦôʦܻǲģպһ£ȸǰ϶飬ϣ˵ʱҲҵʦˣһָһ£һЩ·½ķߣ۽硢С⾳ܵһЩޡ
Це˵ţ䲻ľͰԼһָ󱲣ػƽ׽˵Ĵʦģ
Ҿʹʦллʦˡ
ŵĵҲæάʦǺлʦֵָ㣬ȻΪͻͽġ
˵ſڿӣ˵䣬ʮϢȥˡ
ʮϢʱ䣬Ѿ൱ˣǵϡ
⻹û꣬ʮϢʮϢ
̧ͷһеķѪǹĿ˸һ˿֮ɫ۵½ߣȻ֧ôã
֮ǰЦӻΰط;˵ˣʮϢΰطʥô꣬ʮʱ塣
ʥڲԸıʱ٣Դﵽʮһһٱһĳ̶ȣȥʮϢʵѾʼˡ
Щ˵ͨӣҲ֧ŵʱ䣬֤֮󣬾Ϳפ˵Ϊĺĵӣ
֧ţζʥȡһƷʥƷʥΰطʥô꣬Ȼթѹ˲ٲƸҲûƷʥôݳ޵Ķ
СӣһľͳѪǹΪǸ½ոշͷ࣬û뵽ô
ʦôǿߵļӶһۣӶԷп˲֮ɫ
ֲʦôȻ½ߣǱˡ
ǰⶼʮϢˣʦھʧܣҲԽˡ־һ˵ţһ۾˸ĺâĽɫ
ȷʵǸ֮ġҡӣϹǿЦݣܱ򶨣ϾڹսĹâмһӵʱ䣬ԶʮϢܹġ
۵ʱѾһƬãã֮С
ʥ磬ʥǧŰپʮżʥУÿһԳһ磬ֻʥƷߵͣдСˡ
ڵķѪǹһ൱Уһľסˡ
ƬУȻһž޴ףԲΪһ壬ףܸоһɺ嫲Ϣɢľ
Ϣ֮ǰֻڷϸܵӵϢҪ׵Ϣǿ
ʱǿеľ޴׿ˣçͬ¡¡һ㣬ʮ䣬Ϊ۷壬Ϊڷʮڵ֮Ȼ㲻ö⣬ҲһټһЩδ֪㹻ʸҵԿ顣
ʥĵ飿ͻȻһʵȼ仰ԷһʶԼʮ۷Ϊ㲻ö⣬ͬԼΪߵģУ
Ҫֻ֪Ϲŷʮ֮һϹŷ΢ˣԼٶ㲻ʲôٶȲŵһС
Ƿ˫ޣӵаӡħȸޱʵӽԲĺս飬ԪȵȣЩͲһܹˡ
Ժ嫵޾ῡܣҲκս
ˣ㵹Ǻܴʥĵ飬׼ȷ˵飬ʥһҾʥʥңܲÿһ߶ʸԳ֣㣬ֿʸһĹ䣬ƶʺĿˣͨܵõѪǹ
ž޴˵䣬ֻоΧ䣬һƬ֮ϣãã𺣣޾һҽ֮УŴССĳɫʯЩɫʯΪ澫ģвϵ㹻֮ͻзųĻβֱͣ˺ѴأĻ籩
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ǻ񾵵ڶ硪ռ䣬˻淨⾳֮ڶ⾳𣡡ѿ˵
񾵵ڶ磬ǵڶιŷʱ򣬲Ļռڶĸǿ׼ϴ񡣡
˵䣬Ǿ޴Ӱʧˣһֱʯ׵ĺ棬׵ʧ׹
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ռֱʯܴ½㹻˲һʡƽ֮Уǰȴǵһιѡ
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һΧҽɸߵľˣеѪͬɫֱ졣
һɳĳɫصײںɫʯ֮ϣֱӽǿʯ̶ˣ
䣡䣡䣡
ֱʯֳ߰˿ڵϣȻɾˣȴܸκвˡ


961 
ʯأһҽ𣬶ȴУˮе㡣
һʯը֮󣬵ڶʯûκͣЪĸǵţĿš
ԽԽʯһ绮ʣԶŻ˳ǵĻУһҲһʯڣʮʯһ£ĩһ㣡
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һ̣ʯƷεֱڴСʯٶ̫ˣеܷۿҪء
飡
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ʥţһ˿Ȥڴδܹɳʲô̶ȡ
ҾͿʲôɣڶֿ飬Ϳ
ʥĿ飬ȫʥ˵㣬ʥ鱾һʦĿ⾳Եȵȣʥⷢӡ
ƾõ»ʥԼо˸ֿ˵ֶΣܶ˵ţЩ֮һԼŪûͷʥȴԴΪ֡
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һаһֻֿǿ˻ϵ⾳ôѣұֻƾϵ⾳ͨˣԶòóϵ⾳ͻԪ⣬ֶξŴǳ֮Ȼŷ׷ꪳɳļƷʥ˲ôͨģ
ţȴǲ֪ʵһֻֿҪŹӼɣǳ֮ȫǳɡ
ţֻΧһ䣬ԪǱѸٳ룡
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962 ͼʯ
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üһ֪ʥӡԼĵжԼ֮еԪԼϵ
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޷ԪҵڣⳡѲҪҵô
ЩɻϹŷ岻ȷе˵ɡУ֮٣ϾԪϵ̫ȱ㣬ҪҪĴԴԽڣԽ޳ɡ
ӹɣ˫Ҫȵ޾Ԫϵǿܶ࣬ǰǱ֤ΪһֱϾԪϵ˦ĻǾͼˡ
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һߣʱʱֲ̳̿ķˣƾŵĻָȴӲĿȻҲѪӿͬʱҲΪܵɾѪڡ
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963 Բ
ԭˣʯǹԵĿˣҲǿҵ־
־ȻǿͼʯģȾµ־ɴڼʮϰʱ䡣
ܳ־ϴ񣬶սĳɳ棬ҵһᣡ
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ǿ־ѹȣܹһԼսǱ
֮ˣսǱؾսһУҪǱܺܲףȼսĵرĪǿģͱ׾
׾ԴʯȻһԴȴҪڣʮʱܵʹð׾ϡе˷ָĳ̶ȣһʥҲŪ
һսǱܺͬʱǱѾ˵£ҪǱȫҲһ£ǿߵ־ѹĥԼս飬ǷսǱһַǳõķ

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964 ʥǹ
оС֮ԵаѿµĴƬЩƬÿһöж̺Իϵ⣬ĻȻʮּѣǶаѿ˵ȴȫ⡣
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ڶĴƬаѿ̳֮һööģЩĲϵ䶯Ҫ۵һһöµѿߴаѿĶ˻¡ԽԽߣһö۵ҶӼѶչˡ
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һöҶǳΣڶöҶӳֽɫҶ״ɽöҶҲҶӣɫ״ܹŹ֣һСмƿһֻСʨӣаѿʨԴģöҶʱ췣֮γɵģֳͬɫ״һؽ
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̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬ǽʯ̺ĴƬһ룡
ЩƬʵµķӣϼʯݻģ˻ôĻۣһӱһ룬ʥ黹Ǹеǳʹ벻ףЩƬĵΪ£ҪһöƬҪѲٵʱ䣬ôܱ׵յ
СӣһܣԾһġʥʶǷаѿĴڣҲܴƲһЩ
з֮Ǳ츳ΪڣܶŽҵĿ֮УһͷǴӲͨأܻþ޴ĺôˣﵽ£תΣΪһĽѣתɻνĵˣǵãǹ㹻ģҲ㹻ʵܹΪΣΪԵ
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лǰ̻塣˵Ŷݼ׵棬ӵþЩСˣʱҪǲУȴȻԶá
šѪǹˣڴĳɳʥçص֮䣬ⳡһһʱʱȥѡ
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ûˣ˾Ůӵ̾͸ˡ
ˣ˼飬ʦ̫ˣ־˿ûע⵽ɫһ߿ɳ©һ߿ŵ˵
Ҫ찡㣬˵Щ侳ǰҲﲻˮƽյ̾ţ˵ȴЩζ
Ǹ߸ϵүֻһƽ񣬳ͱ˼˦ʮǧȫһλ㣬Ҳʲ˵᲻𼵶ʵ̫Զˡ
½ȴȡӵĶܵĳɾͣеȻˡ
˵ĵǿֻʵ츳Ǳȴδأʦǳϣʦ۹Ȼûӹ˵ΪӶһİֶˡ
Ǹ˿һΡ
ҧгݵ˵ʦȷʵǸ˲ţӦҲļˣ
άƽͣѾסӣӲƷʥĻͱˡ
ģô޷ܣ֮ӣϹŷ֮һʼҵĳ͸ôʣѹͬῡܣδһ˵λá
ڣһСһ½Сߣĸ࣬ƽʱۿῴһµϣȻ츳ֱ׷ֻһʱʹﵽˮƽ
һǻ˵ãĶ飿ȡһĳɾֱͣһ裡
٣˵СѾлˡһ˵
ǰҿǳܲסƷʥĿֲˣܴ֮ȥˣҪȻôΰطŸ͡
ǵĻûлɫƵĶҫ۵Ľĳһ̣ͻȻһһɫڻһЩ˵ʦҪˡ
˵䣬˷ѪǹĽȻһζ
ӿһĻҲǳһάүȻǷղү˵ˣʱ䣬ѾļˣڿȻˣʮϢү񰡣
ǰ񣡡ΰطҲƨ⼸˵ĹάԼҲԤ׼ˣָһЩٴδҡ˼£ı־ԶֻõʱŻûµҡҡӣˣˣ˧
ȷʵֵܹ֮ʱ䣬⼫ƷʥˣԽԽѣһӽʱѶǰʮֹ˵ţʵ˵ҲʵȷʵԽԽѣֻû˵ôŰˡ
ܵ˵ǱԼ˲٣ûҲܽһЩ
ǰһ½Сߣ˵ؤôܱȵĻ٣ʱȻֻȻٲһʱ䣬Ϊ濼ѶȼԲ֮𣡡
Ӻƨ׷׸ͣþ΢΢ü
ʱѾŽ˳Ǳ˦ˤڵϣȵأɫЩ֮⣬
ţСôûˣ
üͷһ壬ͲÿѪźá
ʦû°ɡ缱æΧ̽һ޴󰭣ġ
ûµģʦ㡣ӦһĿȴеĽ


965 ǹâҫۣ
ѪǹĿ⣬ЦˣԵõҡӣЩζ˵ÿˣ⼫Ʒʥôȡģɼ
ٺ٣Сӣ㿴Ҳûã⼸ʥһү֮˵СһǼүʮ֮һ츳Ҳ԰ˡ
һҡͷԵ˵ţȻûɿա
оԼˣӴŭģӸ˵أˣ
ԽūͣеʱԽǿԼǰҡβ͵ڲƽǰȴܲһ裬Ϊƽʱͷ̫ˣ˸ĵλʵƽǰҫĻȻҪŭ
ūͶʱֵֶĳ嶯ΪȻһǿߵĶ֡
ҪֵʱеĽͻȻâʢ·ձ˲ֻâѸǻһߴϸĹͶ
֮УȻһʵӰתţһӵĳǹ
⡭
ɴ˫ۣƵӣмʹΰط壬Լˣȫˡ
ǸǹǷѪǹ
Ѫǹˣôܣ
ۿǸ˳ɫʥǹϷһŵĽƺΪʵ
ȡ˷Ѫǹ
Ӷ˵ϣӺΰط壬Ѿƴͼ־Ƹ񲻶µСŮһԼùֵ۾ΪԼˡ
һƷʥ̺˿ֲļƷʥ
ʥǹɽصǹһʼޣԽԽ·һ̫õһ㷢˷ܵĳʥŨԪǿҵɷѪǹһɹɵɫĲƵЩɷͬ񳯷һΧŷѪǹ
ΧݣɷԪһǹȻܴﵽ˵ز
ˣ
ѪǹȵץУһХǹȻûдﵽĳ̶ȣҲ·һ㣬ΪƷʥĶڡ
һƷʥ֣Խǿߵʵһأ񺣳ڣս񺣺ڣ
ο⻹ǶļƷʥ
ʵƷʥҲô˵ĵӷˣεȳҲƷʥѡ
ֳ־ų߾ŴķѪǹǹбָ죬˳һҲԵüΪͦΣòʣϱѪɱķѪǹһãƺһ̺棡
һĻľ硢־ƼŮжӿһĪĸоȻȡˣȡ˶ļƷʥ
ôܡ
ʧǵĿԭ϶ѾǼޣڣȷʵ֮˳˿ˣֻ㣬ʱڵõʥϿɣ
Լ֮ǰԤ⣬ȡһƷʥʱԵãҪָһĻûоԼһС
һʥϹôܳңֻһ½ķߣؤĳϹŷʼҵĵϵˣҵ츳ӦǶģǣȴײڽ£
ڳ鴤һ˵һΣ½ߣĳĿ˵ؤ֮ڻӣƫƫһӱؤˡ
ΰط壬ȴʼЩˣôôùһթȻ͵պһ﷢ԼҪ군
תţôȣʱһĻ°͵鷢ˡ
֮УԭڷѪǹĽŻʧˣͬʱڸߴĿռ䣬ɫĹƾһöӰĶ·ĿеķѪǹ
ǡϹ֮ʱʥбԴ̺֮ϹķϹ츳ڵӵĽΰطһ˵飬һ仰ѿڶʥô꣬ʥеһЩΪ˽⣬ôҲû뵽ȡ˷ѪǹõʥϿɣһϹıԴ֮
ѪǹԭǶͨʥһƱԴ֮ϹµѪҺޱȴĹŷ֮ѪѪǹ֮󣬿޽ӽͨʥ
ټһЩϺͼпɱͨʥͨʥ֮ԷѪǹĵӺ飬ͨʥˣ
һѾ޷Ĵˣ
ѾԤеδֲǱԼһˣʳѰ


966 
Ϲ±Դ֮뵽ѪǹһɲǣܵǹԼѪĸо
õʥϿɣǷѪǹѾΪͨ
ŨıԴ֮оĹŷ֮ѪϹ֪ʲô磬ȻȲ峤ҲֶΪڷǰ֮ϣƳĴڣܵõ˼ҵıԴ֮Ҳһ컯ˡ
ţʥѹ۵ļʯϹŷ峤ģԼѪǹյıԴ֮ǹġ
Ȼ峤Դ֮ƷǼʯͻһֱڣƻǧ꣬кܶ༫ʯǱԴ֮ǰĹˣһһ㣬
Ϲŷ岻֪ǧ˿ڣôˣ䣬ӷ˵ֹΧӣΧӽΪʽӣٵڵȸ˵һһ㾺ʮּңÿ֪ж٣ôˣмܵõµıԴ֮
˿Դ֮պĳΪҪ̷Ѫǹʱ򣬻յڣеķѪΪдôĶ
ϹıԴ֮ɳɫ·Ѫǹһ˿Դ֮÷ѪǹһأȻûдﵽͨʥļȴҲ޽ӽ
ѪǹĹâҫۣ·֮ǰһֽǹ֮С
ų߾ŴĳȣΪ֮£ѪǹҲ̺һǹȷʵʥеľƷ
ԣ硢־ƵȵĽ־һ˫ˮ۾ĿתĿǹϵ·ĺȥ
ΰط壬һʧǣɥӣֺ˻죬ȴ䣬СϺײ練Ƶ飿
ǹĻһ£һεĲ˱ֿΧԪɷѪǹγһεİУֱȥ
磡
дʥĿռϱ֮ϣʧΣղŸûжֻǷѪǹƻʥ뱦Ĳͬʥ̺󷨺ʹ֮һˣõƷʥϿɣ˲ɱߣøղǵε˵;Բ졢ܹµġ
νˣеԡ
һԣɫ࣬ѪǹԽԽģ
죬Ƿ˵Ǽĵȡ˷ѪǹֻＵһ£ǱȴùάţϾ˵Ķӳţ츳Ҳû˵
Ǳˣݺݵĳȴĸо
ү˵϶ʥͷôܽѪǹ͸ȴүսһ½ߣؤûʸӵзѪǹ
ԣѪǹӦүģ϶ʥŪˡ
ӿѾŭæԪİο˵ϹȴûκЧŭ˻죬ұ죬˵ؤ磬Ҳˣ
ԪѾ̺ŨŨɱ⣬Ӷʱ
ǰɣͻȻǿۣǱȻܵõʥϿɣ㡭ܲ
Ȼʱѹеŭ˵һЩ϶Ļ֮Уȴַâ˵ζ
ת죬ʱ˳ߵͦģϾų߾ŴĹǹȫѹ˻죬˿ܻзâӰ졣
ƣܴ½ߵزҲһ˲ˣ㲻ҪΪԼͱضһɳ죬˵һڷ˽С£Ȥһô
ȻǷҪȴûеش𣬱ԹԵ˵һķСŮһ䵽񺣾壬һ׷ǳƯȸȹÿ촩ȹȥ丮ҫĽ񣬵һ죬ȸȹˣҵʱȴ˺ӵˮۻ಻СŮ޵÷ǳģܲˣһƯȸȹǣִ丮ҫһСŮˣҵʱȴѾ˲Ԫ֮΢в˶ɵɵճյġ
Խ˵Խɭ䣬һС̺˼Ѿǳԣɫһзȴɫ·ûе˼˻һۣЦ˵ʲô
㣬ǽڵȸ˵ǵϹŷ壬ϵԶģЩʱŲϵٹ⣬ɱ֮
죬˵ʲôΪҷûйôıɱŵӣᱻۿԼһ˱вŭˡ
ٺ٣ʲôˣʦãŲã㻹֪ĵλж೬ȻòΪбʸɣΪõʥϿɣõϹıԴ֮ţƣҸǣһϹ֮µıԴ֮ʱԹʮϰٸӣЩӣмܳΪ˵Ҳһǰǵ㿴ĸֹмٸģ
Ų֪٣Ƿ˵ϯӣҲܱʶѣҷ˵˵ϯӣÿٳһмΪϯӵǹʱһܱô
ڻǷ˵ϯӣԶΪ˵ϯӻûмƷʥǰ׵ʦ֣ص÷ǳ˵ҶţǸ𣬸ͲҪʥ󣡡
һ˵ô࣬ȴʼɫƽ죬ʲôֱ˵ˣӡ
٣ʦܹȻǴˣҪ㣬ûи£ԽǷâ¶ԽΣգȻעʸȴܻᱻǰעأǰĹϵ
ûһ㱳֧֣츳ø죬ϵ磬ϹŷҲһ飬ûжս£ڶԶԶ⶷ö࣡ΪžͻᱻˣϹŷˣȿǵľ棬棬Ϲŷ档
仰ûѣϹŷʵ̫ˣǧˣ൱ڷ˽һһδؾͻΪԼĹ룬ΪԼΪļıȡ档
ô˵ʦǴҵĺˣǷһ˿ζЦ⡣
˵ʡ£һϼϹŷ֮һϹŷǿͶǣܵõӻԴò
Ŷôõ¶ʦôƽ޹ʵİҰɣ
ٺ٣ʦܣ㵹ǴȻˣҾ˲˵ˣҪķѪǹ۸ҾԿ·Ѫǹʵڰ㣬ƥﻳ㻤סѪǹģңɵΪҲ޷ӷѪǹͬзѪǹ֣սһأʱҺĻʼȫڷӻ㣡


967 
ʦܣģ翴ƺȥ˵ӣתͶ£Ϊˣæ˵ĻͲţƭ㣡
٣ʦãҳԣ˵Ǿ仰ƭˣ壬һڶˣҪչ⿿ԼǲеģʦԸ⣬ҿȥϼĳϣЩ⣬Ȼϣõ磬һͱ˰֣ǱһƷʥʲôˡ
죡ʦҷʦˣʦڣ˭Ҷ
ӣ̫ЦˣҡͷЦ
ûзӣܰȫ㣬ǾΪӣǾԵУʲôˣƽѣΪùˣǵ۾ϹŷʮмƽģЩ㲻壬ҲĴҳ׵ʦֳİ׼ҡҪλֻԲѣ֮󣬹ǰλʱǲ¾˻᲻һѪϴ
Ц˵޼ɵµӣΪ϶֮󣬼̳й֮λ˻Ǿˣȫ޷ȡ
ڣڷ㹻ĵλҲܰô
ʦãҲȰһ䣬ľܣԸűӣҲúóģƷʥֵҩġҪŴһЩ֮ǰҽǸС²ҺģģǸСŮº׷һ£ȴ֮ΪʲôΪбݵˣ
ƺԽ˵Խ죬֮ǰƶй˳
ȴһֱĵţʵ˵ôϻģҪ˽ϹŷʵԼԺڳԿ֪ϡ
ĻǷȻпĳɷ֣ġϹŷ̫ˣʮͬĽ磬û⻼£ϹŷʵôϹŷ壬츳Ҳһõرֻ
죬Σһǵͨ죬֮ǰԻЩøУôԼΪһҪ󹬣ȴȫŭˡ
ߣƲԳԷƣ磬һڵģΪ̳й֮λˣעǾǰʱͶңȴ֪һ᲻ˣߣһҲά⻰þؿھҵ
첻ٸĿɨÿһƷʥƷָƷ¡ƷǹƷ֣Ʒ¯ķѪǹҪ֪ȻֵķѪǹӳñȷѪǹ㻹ܽ˻õһϼıӻֶΪ
˵ЦˣЦú⡣
Цʲôüͷһ塣
Ц̴̫ˣƷʥ뻻ѪǹȻʥ˽Ĳ࣬Ҳ֪ʥһƷֵʮеķѪǹǶʥϹһ˿Դ֮ҵģǸոչƷʥļɣ÷ѪǹܻʥټֻҵķѪǹ㵱ɵӲɣ
һϯ˵Ļͷǿѹͷķŭ̫̰ʱ˵ģ
˻ĻЦһ̫ЦˣֵټƷʥķѪǹֻ׼һ̰ĵŵ֮ǰڿ˵ؤ֮ӣȷʵؤڵǣΪһؤѷѪǹ㣬Ȼô
ķ̵һ仰·һƳ˻ϣߣȴкãҪ˵һ䡰úáˣķʵڽ
һѾǳɫ㣬һ˼ƷѪǹг۸ҹҲһǹͷֻƷʥѣܲ߳ŭ
߳ŭڻǹūǳױˣ
Сӣ
ūǱ˿β͵ĹһǶߣǴĺūôһɵ½裿
ūȻֽгں񱳵һһҵԴնڵҲʥȻʥײһʥϾʥնɱ⣡
Цһɵ񺣳ڣֱЦ
ūŵʵƲʮǧ˵ˣڻȡ˷Ѫǹ
ҿǹ
ŲһȻһǹ̳һûжԪֻŶݼ׵ƾϷѪǹһ
ģ
һĳ·һֻڷѪǹѣһ֮УеԪ궯ҪĴ߶㵹Ѫǹǹ֮Уһǹֱ̳˺ūŵĵâ
ĺ⽫ǵûūŲҽһȫԪ飬ؿѪⱬ飬߹ǵƬѪ
˷ɱһĲҽУͬʱȥصˤڵϣѪһء
ֻһͱѪǹɨ֪ⲻڷѪǹֻǷһӶѡ
ۿڵĺū׵Ľ־ƵȼӶúϲ£죬Ȼ˵һūŵˣ츳ʵΪޣǱϾͻ񺣵ߣǰȴͬͯһ޷֮
ûʲôþȵģʦܱʵͱǿԭΪֻܻɱǿߣڿԶֹˣο˼ƷʥѪǹ
վԣŻ죬ʱĻ죬Ѿŭ㣬·һ֮еĻɽ
򹷻Ҫˣ㾹ȻֱӶҵūų֣ܺã
һɷƥɱӻɢΧ¶˲࣬һͬһԶ˻ϣǻ彣ƷʥĴڣ
һ֣Ʊˣͬһֻݷ̫ޣѣһ־֮
¶֮ɫ׿Ĳ಻̸ʵҪԼࡣ
ʵҲ൱ƴﵽڵˮƽ츳̫ڣ۸ȡ
ο컹ɹ˾ɣΪ˵ûй֮
ߣ˶ٴУԻ죬Ƕܵѹ
⽣ŵһ̣ͻȻĲһ޴׻ֳçۻ֮𣺡ʥǷرصأչ棬սߣѹǧ꣡
ž޴ףʥ飬˵䣬һɺ嫵еʥͷŶǵص˲һռ䣬졢ȫˡ


968 䶯
зĹأȻ˵Ϲŷ壬Եжº֣ŵżɱԸֱﲻֶεĻȡⶼ˽ֶΣϰڳһͻܵ𺦣Ϲŷ棬ϣ˭Υ
ʥֹ˽ҲԽֹΪᱦɱ
ʥ飬൱ĸ֣Ȼûʵ壬ȴԲʥеĸִ󣬴ʱһ֣ѹеڵ
죬ūţչ棬ѹǧ꣡ûɣ
ʥ˵仰֮㱩ߣµūֻɵڣлǲڷоǵ׵ģûгΪӵʸƽʱūûʲôоִµūţʥ黹ҪѹǣȴǺݺݵɨӡ
󣬳˷˵Щĵӣȥﶼȱ˵ķݶû˭Կ
Ȼ죬ȴ޲ţȵ
ô㲻ʥĮĴãϹ棬˵֮ǰҲ裬ҲǶؤȣʥĴë
ûɫǰ׳գʥּĴڣܷģԱԼǿĴڣ춮̡
µƽ֮ǰ˵ô໰Ϊ˵õķѪǹȴ֪ԼˣˣһʼûѪǹȴͬˣһԼϻôãܲޣ
Ż컰䣬һεϢʥеʥ֮ڵֻһŵūϣūŶʱʧˡ
ɵ߲ǧһǧѹ˵Ǽ֮һˡ
ĿԼūʧĿ⣬һʼ߳ŭ֪Լˣʱɱ磬ٵڣֻĮĮ֮УȴһԹ
Ŀһۣ·Ҫ͸Ĺͷţȥˡ
ֻΰطվıְʥ˵˾źʥ飬ۿʥЩ֧˼б຦ˣ֮ǰթ˵龰һͷײں޲ԼһʺͲᱻעˡ
ھˣû˼ʥҲûȥʧ˿С
Щ˵ʵûܾҲǵ˻ʼңټڵңϹŷ壬ˡ
С˵ʵصһ£Լλãδܳ»вȻ񣬵Ϊ˵õѪǹ˵Ƿȴоݣһ־ˣĻе¡
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˵ʼңǾ͸޴̸ˣͷβԼ˵ţƵĲˣ˵ҪϣƺĶƵģʵҪͶĳ壬һȥ츳ҲҪܣҽ壬йͣȷʵҲֻƽ֮ҫڻʼ֮еλʦߣɨֻ֮飬СӴܣʼҵĳΪԼҵС˼ҵСˣҪһСأ
һ˵һ£ϸ룬ȷʵʱ䲢Ҳûʲô˶һЩ־УܾܵһˣϾҪѹЩƽһͷ
£类һƻһвȷʵˣΪģҲûпô࣬һ˵ƺԼЩˡ
ʦܣû뵽½ûκθΪɣͼӴ׵вһ󣬲ûбסһЩֻƬôϢʦ硣Ե˵һûκα½ߣİ˾޴ֲֿܴڲߵά棬侲Ͷ˭ӵеġ
ҡͷʦˣպȷʵܶΣգСĽںܳһʱڣǰ㹻ӻңȵ˺ͷǰȻʱҲӦһԱʱˡ
ʦܣô˵ҪллԷʦ֧֣û̫츳ĵӣܹʦʶ컯㣬츳ʵҲһǿҪͶκһǺ׵飬ȴԸŷʦ𣬽飬һԭԭʦ㽱
ЩԲסַ֧ӣתͶ˵ĻڷͲʲôΣգԴõĸ࣬պ˵ͻ񺣾ǾĿԺˡ
Ͷӣȴ̫Ĺ˼˵ȴǳԿˡ
ʦˣĳ֪ͼˣǰԶŻ˳Ƕ֪֮Ǹ򣬺ķΪָ½ӣ½ҵûзǰһ˷Ѻܶʱ䣬Ҫڲܷ
֮ǰܴ½ﵽɣѾ˷ӵ££Ҫܴ½ڣҪ˷Ѻܶʱ䡣

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֪µ˱Ͳ࣬лӱʥѹˣ챾˲˵һ۵㣬һشȻô˵鵽ȥһԼḺ́չأ˭Ҳˡ
ΰط壬ŵ֪ʥ֧ȥͨ籨ŵĻǾԼˣӿڳĵΰط嵱Ȼףͨ籨ſܵõһʹͣǱպҪܵΣǾͺԲˣΰط͵ʲô֪ˣԼѪøļӶѡһƷʥ
ǡֽǰסģܿʥĵӾͷ֣ŴƷʥ֮һķѪǹˣһꪣȻҲǼƷʥƷʱȷѪǹȴࡣ
Ҳ˵ȡ˷Ѫǹ
ǹѾʥʮˣʥһʥսչڱȡߣ
Ϣܿȴ֪˭ȡ˷Ѫǹ
ЩĴϵǲС£ȸ˵ȴը˹ˡ


969 
ѪǹԹŷѪɵĶʥʥ֮Ȼȡˣʥʮ˰
ڷ˵ѪǹȡߵĻ˿ǰ飬ʮʱǿ˵ʲôǶȸ˵˵ȴļ֮һˣ˻ûʮꡣңȸ˵ĵӱ˴˼䶼ǾϵһƷʥԼֵУǵȻҪˡ
ϧҷ˵ʥȡʥ֮ǰֻȡһʥλþǸѪǹģҶǹڱصãһУ
һǹӷǳûڵ˵ܵõѪǹʵһ棬ܹмȡѪǹڼƷʥϢе󷨣Ϊһܽ˳ƿ
˰ɣȥȡ˷Ѫǹ֪ٴΣ˲һҲûȡȡ߷Ѫǹˣ츳Ǳܱȵģ治֪ȡ߷Ѫǹ˵˭
ҲӦǷ˵ǼӣҲֻȡ߷Ѫǹ
пܣȲ˰
ڷ˵ɵĵҲռ˼ٵһ֣ĵӣλҪ͵öࡣ
ЩӲȥʵΰطͷϣΰطεԲһҧԼֻʥûиȥЩôˣҲ֪˭ȡˡ
ʥƽʱȡȷʵҪΰطȥල۳׶ȣ˶ʥ֮鶼ʥɣΰطһλȫڣŻȥģȴڵĳӶˡ
еļƷʥʥﶼм¼ȡһͻᲹһҪ龿˭ȡ˼Ʒʥֻȥѯʥ飬ȻЩСȴûмʥʸ
ʱڷһŤռ֮УһӱԴţվһɫ¯֮ǰ¯һСаɫĻȼգֻ¶ȸߵ÷·Ҫմһ㡣
ӣһɫĵۣڷŵúܿһְԣһִֻһӡЩӡ·һ㣬ǰ¯֮С
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ʱһھǴĹâ
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΢΢Ȼ˵ЩͼӲ֪˭ȡ˷Ѫǹ¶Էĸ߲˵ʵ̫ˡ
ȡ߷ѪǹպӦܳΪ˵ǰʮĵӣպôһ˿ᣬΪʦãǿʼˣҪǿһЩҲлȤǺǡ
ЦЦ־һĵҩ
֪ȡ߷Ѫǹ֮⣬õϹıԴ֮±ʥ
ȡ߷Ѫǹʵڲֵþ˵ĹעҪ֪ʥоżƷʥÿ궼һȡߣһŵӲ֪٣ô˵У౻£һں
һֻЩѾˣֵӣͱ˵ϯӰ׵衣

ŶǰңԼסǱޣͻȻյ˾Ĵ֮ǰѾȡѪǹԭԭĸ֪˷ӣ˵Ļ֮ǰĳӵ֪ʼĩ֮̾
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⴦ڵĻԪΪŨ¶ҲǳߣǷֱҪսˡ
Ļ֮ΧڷߣЩ֮·ԣڿһֻֻʵĻΧŷӻС
ⲢǷɵģǷӽ淨򵽼µ֡
Ծÿμӣܴӷϸܵĸǿֲһ档
Ůˣɲ⣬ڷƽûиȴҸҳľ˶ȡλȻ̣
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ڴ֮ǰѾ˵ؾнܹսԶŻ˳ǣ
ôڣĵҲؼҪ
츳Ѿ㹻˵ȻûɣҲû侳ǹƾõѪǹܱƸŽ˵ˣ˵ȻˣҪȥҲ˵ʲôһΪȡ˵ơ
˵Ҹܽ˵ˣһ£ΪԼ˵ҪһЩʲôģû뵽ֱӾͱŽȥˣȸֱӽ˵
ΪĸǿƵһ棬Щˣ۸µˣԲ۸ͷϣǾʵĻȨ
ӵ˵ԴȽڵðٱڷ˵úǱޣҪͻɵʱ򣬹ңʥΪѽ壬ʣɣǰɶ׵֮ѽ壬õ˼ĺô֮Ѿﵽˣ׵壬Ҳ޷һڿʼԺɶʥ壬Ϳ׻ãﵽһ˼ľ磡
˷ӵĻȻһдϲ˵ʲôзʥЭԼѽ壬ɣԺɡɣôôࡣ
ʥȡ˷ʱȼĻ棬뵽ԼıԴ֮жõƷԶʨԴ֮ϣ
һֱӻĺôˣ˫޵ߣǳʵҪ鿪ǳף֮ǰΪ˶ɷѾţ֮зڣһж򵥶ˣЧá
лǰ
֮ͣңҵȻ㣬߰ɣȥ˵ȡ÷ѪǹҲҪˣ£Ҳסᱻ֪ǲʣǾͲˣ
˵һӣһĨסһ̣Ǿ˷˵ӴУ˵̾ͻȥӡ


970 ˼
ӣҪɵСһﰲŽ˵ȡ˵Ƶʱ򣬸ǼǵüͷЩɵĿһۣǷ˵ĵһΪ
ʵΪ̫ˣ߳Ǿɣܽ˵
ôȴ֪˵˵涨ɻ侳Ӳܼ룬ʵϣһЩҳڣڵߣֱ֤ʵкܴǱͨһЩϵƸ˵
һ仰ͽҴߵĻ˿ΣЦԼ˵ˣҪҳкܴǱСӣǴҳô
´һۣս򲻾ãԪ½ߵԣһ۾ͿȻҳ
Ӳɫĵ֮ǰʥ󣬻ʥϿɣõ˷Ѫǹý˵ʸ񣿡
ţ˷ӵĻ۾һѪǹԭˣҵ˭õʥһʥԭСӣ
´۾ЩȣҲЩζյ򲻾õ½ߣõѪǹ棬ӣ㵹Ǻﶼܼ񵽱
ߴֵĿ̺һ˿ĪζɫܸоҲΪҿֹܲǰڣʲôȴ˵׼ִڣԶԶԼܿġ
ΪߵϹȻΪһƷʥԼ֮ǰ˵ҲǾ˵ˣһȻҪ
õʥϿɣȷʵܹ˵˵ǰͷ㽫ɾ͵΢ĻϷȴҪϳȥʱܻܴܺĴɿˡ߲˵š
ĳˣҪǰңԼͻˡ
ãơ˵̧һ˦һƷУһöɫƣһֻˣдǡ֣ڵƴͬС졣
ӽԺҷ˵ĵӣϷĹϽ˵ֹ֮˽ìܲɽҪһսҲԣҪڵĹ֤£̳һʤսǰԼʧҪĴۣκ˵ˣᱻѹǧ꣡
˵ĲǷ˵ĹأҲĹأȼɭϣǻ񹬵·ϣð˷˵ӵϣ˵ȴֱӽ䴦ⲻΥ档
ԺǱޣΪƵһöһƻΣʱֻ̣ҪҵĻͻ֣ұˣҲϢ֮ڸϵֻҪ㲻ڵ硣
ΪһӵƻʵǿͿעΪ٣ЩΪע뻯еҲˣʱջأȻ˻ɱЩΪ͵ûˡ
ΪƵĻӣ㻹ѪˣĻٶͻӰ쵽ˡ
ߺٺЦţȴ֪ӵԼΪ壬ЩĻ˱⡣
ϷɣýֵϷ򽲷һɡ
˵仰һһסֱӴ˵һƬķΧʮĽȺ֮һ
ÿһӶһۡĴСͺ̶ȸ˽Ļʹиˮ¥̨¥ɽ԰֡ȪԡءΧԳÿյʳרŵ׼֮лкܶෲ˵Ѿߡˣˣһ£΢
ЩڸۡнԺɺ󹬼ǧǵǻʵһˡ
ʵϣڷУдķϹŷˣЩֻͨˣٽһ飬˵еĴѾߡ˾һ˳䵱ġ
˵гӵĸ֮ۡ⣬д䷨󣬻л޵ɭ֣Щطռ˴󲿷ֵ
˵ʱ򣬷˵ۼ򹬣׼˵ÿ춼һλǿ߽һǼʱаϹŷĹ似ϵл漰ռ⾳ʱ⾳ȵĶ
콲ʦߡ
ʱһ׼ʱ߻һƺ⣬һ򹬡
ţôһˣѵĵӣ˵һֻмˣ侳ǿռ˾ųɶ࣬Щ˱˴˶ʶͻȻһһ¾ϳˡ
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˵ʵɣһǷһǻ˵ʱǴͳƣΪΪˣ˵Ҳ֮ӦеڷŮڻ˵
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ɣ½ߣôʸ˵ѵ츳죿
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Ǻǣǲû츳ηѪǹֵ÷зȴ֪ǱȡˣõʥϿɣȻʸ˵Ƥ˶Ϊ˵
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һ½ߣȡ˷Ѫǹ
һӣ˿Ŀⶼˣû뵽ǰͨͨĿ꣬ȻǷѪǹĵ
Ĳ⣬ʥôжϵģҷ˵ܶ츳ʦȥȡѪǹʧˣȴһ½ߣҾͲţ츳ǱǶǿ
һӲ˵ʥжߵ츳Ǳʵûй̶ı׼ȫʥԼƶĿһЩЩƽʥжϵĲ
Ҳǹģû뵽ʥһѪǹȻһ½ߵУΪŬˣȴǹһ񡭡
һӸ̾ҲЩϧָоǣԼһòΪˣ츳ھ£涼ޱʦã˫ޣԼΪкôͻƿ
еȥ׷飬һƽռɣͰò˫ʦ׷ˣܲʣ
վ̨ϣ˫̨֣µţȴֻЦеģûи档
һĻпЦĪ߾ųǹģͰԼƵ˷˼ϡ
ֱʱ֮С߲˵ˣҸλ°ɣϷҪʼ;нֹ֡
ߴһӣͱ͵Ⱥ֮УΧӵĿʱϡ


971 ȡ
עǲɱģûЩӵĿ⣬
ϵЩ˵ĵӻǣ㲻þƻˣԼѪǹ⣬ЩˣǺܹϵĹرԼʶܲԪ
Сӣұ̽һĵϸû뵽ϵģܴβ
׼ǻԪôǣԲŹرʶǲ񡣡
ɣΪǷ˵ӵһлյڵӣһɵģپˣǵſˣʲô£ʥȻ۹ⶾҾͲţŵĳɳôܴδοǱ׼ʱʵˣ󱻸ϳ˵кϷˡ
Щ˽һۣŴ߰ϲܽ˵ĸǷſеٮٮߣЩˣĲ˵ǴСͱµĴڣСƽȻ㣬ҲǴӷʮϹŷ˼ҵľбѡģҲ֮е֮ӣ˭Լˣ
ڣʥ϶һͻС½иǵ츳ʮ겻ķѪǹܷ
˭ǿ˭Ҫֲ֪ΪţҪûв˼˵˭˭ǿ㲻ȥ֤һ¾űˣҲʧȥ˰ģպĳɾҲ̫
򹬵ĸ̨֮ϣ߽ϲ
ûЩ˽ĴרȻԼôƣĻϵ⾳ϵȴǳ£ǻϵ⾳ŵ⾳˵һѵЩ̺֮Ʒζܾá
νһֱʱֱɽ߲˵ˣνΪֹǻȥϸϸƷ򡣡
˵꣬ƮȻȥɳ˼֮Уֳһֽջ񲻵Ķߵĺۣܶõ˲
ῡܵȷʵ½ܹģ½ߣһʦѾ˲ˣߣȴ߾ǿʦ
ип˵ǣԼܴ½õħԴƶ½練ɾԼ
ţͻȻһǰɣǻϼӵܻ׹㣬Ϊ˵ӣ˵õʥϿɣ÷Ѫǹǰɣ
˵ʲô΢΢ü׹վԼǰ󻹸˼ӣɣ񺣣ΪԼ֮ϣƣ߲ơ
ûʲôҾУʥ϶츳ҺãǱǿȴţ֤һ£ǲıȻΪɣзѪǹƽ´࣬Ӧ˵㻹ռƣң֤㲻ӵзѪǹô𣿡׹˵䣬һɢֱüģָоͷ·óһѺɭɭذ׵ԼԴһ㡣
úЦʲô˼ҲӵзѪǹǲ˾ҪѷѪǹ㣿
٣鱦ˣӢۣƷʥȻߵ֮һѼƷʥǹսҰˣ㻹ʲô汣Ѫǹ
׹Цţ⼤շ˵Ĺأ֮䲻˽ȴڵĹ£̳һʤսǰԼʧҪĴۣ׹ĿķѪǹ
׹һϯ˵꣬ļҲʼͼӴ׵壬кϷˣ׹Ϊǰɶ壬ǻһΪĵӣҲֻһ֮ңˣҿǶֵģ
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㶮ʲôʥҲ൱ǰڵĸ֣곤ȷʵˣųɳôܴδ׼˵ξˣ׹ȴǾս֤˵ģġһ졯սѾ߾磬˻ϵ⾳֪˶ͬˣ
һһͣ⼤֡
׹ҪսĿĺȷһҪ֤ԼǿڶҲǸҪģõѪǹֻҪŭ֣׹ˣҲǶһЩѣ㲻ôʧ
뿴ɵϷһЩӳ˫ɣͻȻЦˣǵϷŵʵ̫׾ˣҲ֪ǰѱ˵ɵˣΪϵ˶һɵҪսңӮ˾ҪҵķѪǹ˾һôõ¶ΪǵֵܵϼƷļֵ
һ˵ʱǰҳĵɫҪѿжѿԭĸֱ鶼ϡ
֮ǰȷʵ򣬼ʶ٣׳嶯£Ҫһѣڱһ仰ȥǳɵˡ
ΪǸȴǵС㲻ҳսôٺ٣Ҳ˶ѣպдɾ͡׹㱻֮󣬾˿þȣ
Цһ̵ʵ˲ҹάҺʱ˵ҳսսҿԣóһƷʥעɣ
˵Ҫ޳ɣΪĹŷ׼ӮȡŷķЩ˾
Ӧ˻׹սӮˣô죬Ҳ׹㡢׹ģսԼ
׹ֻǰɣ֮ϣв񺣾ǿߣɵǿߣЩ񺣾ˣݣսԼͬһȥսһСһ˵ȥ
Լһ·ӮȥĻôþоҪսԼˣɲԴΪԼܹսʤ񺣵ĵزһˣԩͷˡ
㣡׹ɫһ죬Ȼ壬ΪֻڣĶȥŪƷʥ
ô˵ôΪǸȴǵС㲻óƷʥôٺ٣Ҳ˶ѣպдɾ͡
֮ǰ׹ԼĻԭⲻĻ˻ȥƵĪڱԼ˵ĻԼˡ
û׹ɫѿˡ
Ŷ֪ˣûмƷʥò㻹ϻʲôÿɣʲôʱŪ˼ƷʥʲôʱҰɡ
˾ŲȽֱӷԼĸۡ
Сӣ׹ͷβһ˶ûռһ˿Ц
ΧвٿϷߣЩ񺣾ġ
ٺ٣˼СȻ½ģɲͷ࣬׹˼ҵɵˣȡ裬պҵ÷һļһҵһ֡ȺһҶŶЦ°ͣ˵ӱ˴֮侺ʮּңûѣֻж֡ùŷ˵Ҫõһõֻаѱ˲ȥС


972 
٣ǲôˣ̫ˡڻ׹ߵļӲǻϵˣǶյӵͶ˻ϵ壬Ϲŷ壬ʮּңûκαƽҪͷʮѣڵõĳһԵ֮󣬱ɱԽ
ߵ磬ƥﻳͨĵΪѰӻҲΪ˸ԴܶƽͶ˴塣
ЩͶ˻ϵĵӣȻҪͽŻ׹ˣۿ⼸˳ЦΧۣǶ޵
ߣҾҪ
٣ҪһƷʥԻٵݣһҲǲܰɣʱ˼Ʒʥ͸һսӮķѪǹݺݵĳһյͻ˵Ϊⲻ
Ȼû뵽Ļȴ˻׹һĿ⣬ʱԣôˣԼ˵ûɣ
죡ʲô£Ҫô׹˵ǸεӱͷһʹˣȻƨĵˡ
ܣ㿴ûаӮڻ׹һͷЦе˵Ҳǻϵĵϵӵܣ׹֡ݣֻǽһƷʥĻǽĵġ
ߣһƷʥֵʮƷʥޱҼ֣ôУӮ˵ȻãҲܳܣһغƷʥĶĶȴòأ
ʥʵȻߣ֪˼ʮˣῡˣһܱȵģԷŻʥʥ˵ŵĳɳδ֪أȻܵõʥϿɣȻй֮ȻɣһѪǹܲ࣬ߣҲûаٷְӮİգóȻһսһƷʥĻ׷ʧֻҪպҷֵõԴп۳Ӱպĳɾͣ
ң漰ƷʥشһսĿһˣ涪Ѫ޹飬ħܷ˷Ǹδ֪
׹ⷬԪ˵ģֻԼ˵ƣԼĻȻᵱ˵Ӱš
ٺ٣ܣ㵹侲ͷЦһʵҲû׹һսЩ
ߣҲս¾¶ĲҲûаյͶԼһƷʥȫҶⲻ֮һ
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ˣȻһ׹ӲԿֻʰˣûбʰңЩ츳һݵģˣҲһһ½Сߣҵˣ˵Ļػңڳҵƫƫһˣǲһƻȥպôڷ˵죿ͷͨ裬ҲӰҵΪ
ͷͨʵڷ壬˽ͷͨͻΪ衣
νͨɼ
еķ˱һģӦģҲ߱һ֮ģӴΪѽ粽
Ŷ׼ô죿ͷüһʵ
ϾҪͻƾɣɣԲȥɣű䣬̥ǣӷḶ́˵Ҳʮ˾Ÿﵽ˾ɵߣɵΪһʵشԾʱһó㹻ĶעܣõѪǹ
㵽˾ɣȴδظӦսģҲɵ֪ĶĶôɵɵ
ٺ٣ӦսģЩƽӣ˵һԵѪ˵ˮȴޣһֻǰȥˣ˾ͻûбܵѹܵżȻ飬ΪͶӾȴǲ֪ǰԷӶֵģϹλ֮ǰ
Ի׹ĲΣʵӴȴƲһЩܶΪϹаʱŻλôӺ;Ҳڰ֮ŻѪƴʵһ˼ƵһôῴԼľֳɳأ
ܣ㵹ǿ͸ԽԽһսˣ۽ĻСڴ֮У˸Զܹģһ½ߣ˵˾һˣ۽ôܹȣ츳ûͷԣֻһçˣΪ壡
ߣ½߶˵һĶһֻ֮躹ޣ̣ôδȡһЩɾͣΪһڣһûʵûͷǺ裬վڷ˼ϣĴˣֱ޲ɼȻðҵϣһķѪǹڴ޷ѵħӴһ겻񣡡
׹˵䣬һ⣬ӹơ

߽֮󣬱ʱ䣬ܴ½ЩŵķʳǸ⣬ƷʵһҶõ֮жۣ÷ʮ
ڷ˵ʳ͸ˣȫĵر
ܶĵرлһЩʺͶأȻǿΪǳڳʳĻȴڻ۶أԪӡ
ڷ˵ȴӦԵֶΣÿһĵرɷʳʱ򣬶ҪƣȥʺͶأΪҪʧҩҲϧ
˵һ¯Ϊŷﳯ¯һ
һ¯ƽʱȴʳģʡ
ŷﳯ¯һƳʳޣҲֻз˵ĵӣŵҪܹãȸڵû
ʱڳһֻͨЩԭǼ̳ҩʦˣҩʮ־ͨһȥʱˬޱȣθͻһ֫ٺ
棬һ˼ʮҩģǧٴδ̫ԴȪȪˮƶɣ̫ԴȪ˵սкȹΪкôʱҵһĹȴֻǱ棬Ϊ̫ԴȪö࣬ܳҩľʮ֣ǼֵǵƷŵܴ½ƷΪ֮ۺĶһõҪ񱦱һĹʮ
һһֺ꣬˼ŨӦǴ˷ѪɫݰƳɵģŷѪܵ㻯ΪݣѪȥӦȦйŷѪݣϷֳʳƣѪȻŨɸѡԶ˵ǼֻʮѪȸܹģȸ˵ʥޣᣬŵȴû취Ȱ
пţŨҲȵһβʣʱͻȻоǰĹⱻס̧ͷһ겢վǰֵ϶һ˿ζЦ⡣


973 
˵ŷӶǻɣӺܴҲ˿Եӵ
ǵǺͷģͷǻϵı־ֻѪŨĻϵϵӵܣŻһͷ췢½ԶŻ˳Ļϵӣûͷ
ļˣڻ׹Ͷ˻ϵյӡ
Ϊ׵Ǹ췢꣬һǰԵһ㶼ʣ滹ŨЦŷ̵Ȼ½ߣԵøؤһ
ûԹɣһȵһɶǼҵĹûɾ
һյӸŸ͵ʣҲģ˵ֹ̬ﶼһϢǾǡҰҰ
շ˵Ĺأ˵ֹ֮˽Ҫͱȥ̳еУֹ涨Ϊ˱֮˵Ļ̫ˣ𣬸ϵ˽Ļܿе˽бºɱ
ȳ֣ǷŹ棬Ҫѹǧ꣬Щ֮õġ
Ȼֵ᷸ͼùһʯһ׷ĳţûһۣȻ֪ڷ˵żҲû뵽ԸӬ
Ȼ˵ǲӬֱ֪еھȥ̳ǽһ֪㲻ҶϷѪǹûϵҲҪģ˵ˣԼԼһ;ˣ
˵һϵյӣΪɣߣмڵߣҲǰġ
ЩȻǿϵĹϵھͱŽ˷˵֮ûдﵽɣҲ̹ϵûбɨسţЩ˵츳Ȼ졢׹㶼ࡣ
ԭҪ̽ңжʱˣֲöǻϼˡ׹׼ҶˣȻ漰ƷʥȨս׹㲻òأҴ֮˴˻ɵū֮⣬ûֹ׹ûףɳһȺ̽ҡ
ڻ׹㿴һȺ㹻Գĵˣһʵ̬Ķͷоʵ࣬ôͶϤʽһЩ׼֪֪ս
׹㣬̵ǴúãΪ˶ɵӣһ˾̽ң⣡
ֱ⼸ĲӬҲӦսȻʾֻԽԽ˴ע⡣
սԣ׼һƷʥԳʲôӵܣһƷʥŪȥؤˡ
仰תߣһȺ߳ŭ
ԼƷʥΪڣʵǵСս
ͷڹ꣡
ܶں󺰣͵ûЩ죬ΪԽԽͻڼ
һ죬ƣۡſڳɤսģһŲᣬ׼һ㣬ҪսҪóһƷʥ
óƷʥˣǾɵ侳ߣҲǾɵ񺣾ڣЩˣҲս˵ôãȻսȴһû
ԾܲӦսϵĵӿʼĴɢʵͽʵĿȵۡ
һҲһЩҲʵʵûʥ϶ôҲʥˣ߱ĳֶƭˣ
ЩɣţЩ˵ûʲô壬Ϊ͸ЩС֮򣬴һֻһǿģһ·սȥԼͲˣӮ̫͵Ļ׹Ҳóˡ
ɵӡ
βڻ׹ĸۡ׹ü滳ûʵ
ڻ׹ǰһߴ꣬һͷɫ䡣Ϣȣüë罣Ȼ侳ڵߣѾʼǧɣֻһ֮ң
Ȱ㲻ҪУȻһֻҲûɳ˵Ҳϡ
ߴ겻˵ţȻʵǿ󣬵ȴû˿ĸ߰ʼձһ˿η֮ġ
С壬Ҳ̫ǫˣҪɾԼ磬飬ǱΪĴڣôϣС㶫ȷһսʤ
ŶҪ輫Ʒʥôô˵Ҫͻƾˡ
ڰѾʱ䣬ѾаͻˣұһЩҲУһսѹʽɣΪ˱֤ɳɹһСһЩ֮Ѫ
֮ѪƤһͬǹŷ֮ѪƷҲв֮࣬ѪǷ̺ѪϢΪŨƷʼùŷ֮Ѫˡ
ԣҿһЩҪȷͻƳɹҺ
ȻͻƾɣʵһηԾȥսмƷʥҲУȻƷʲģҲ̫󣡵ʱҾɣټһƷʥսɣ츳ǱҺãҲʤɣڴ֮ǰҵðѼƷʥӦսս֮ʱóٺ٣ڴı顣
˻׹Ļ˵ͷƻǲҪؼƷʥʲôעעļֵҪڼƷʥҪģ
עǷ֮Ѫ֮Ѫߺôڣֱʣ߶Իϵ׺ͶȣҾͲţܾ
˻׹Ļ΢΢üҪԼһַ֮ѪҪһֵעҪķ֮ѪеˣðɣҾ룬ܲǾҪ峤˼ˡ
ǾͰСˡ
׹дϲȻС壬ʵҲû̫࣬ڼзǳӣڵĻкܴϣ

ڷУʱţ֪һ¹ȥˣһµʱ䣬ڻϵһЩƶ֮£ԽԽ㣬ľܲսò˿ʼʵͽҳս
Щţһİ
ڷͨĵرĵȡ֮ԪѾΪ۵ԲеԪȳӯѾҪˡ
һգչе˫ۣʱȥҷǰͻˣҵĸѾʵ£ͻˮɡ
ţͻȻоԪһ궯·ʲôһ㣬ϸĸ֪һ£ȴַԲԪһط۹ȥγһƬԪƲ㣬Ʋ䣬ͬһֻ޴©ӵ˵ĳһۡ
ţǡ۾һɳԼĹͬʱвڡڣһЩڵҲ˳ǵĿһͶͬһطԪеĻ۵㡣
ͻƾɣ
ǡ׹ĸۡǻ׹ͻƣȻͻˣ


974 ɵĻ׹
׹ͻƾˣû뵽ô졣һ£̳ϹħͷһЩ䣬Ҳ֪ͻƾɵһ˲䣬ܹط»׹ڵĸۡϿЩԪƣطȻģǿ׹۶
طԴ⣬ЩԪ̺֮ŴƬ֮Уȫ򶼻õõĺô
ҲǾɸɲ޴ԭ򣬾ɵ񺣳ڣսʤɵ񺣺ڡ
ȥֻЩԪУ۳һһֵĵͼЩͼ·ޱȷ£ƻʯ̵İ̺ͷǿ߶ȫתԴ켣ͻƾ֮ʱǾͻ糱ˮһкƷ٣ҪԼˡ
ˣ
żӵľУһȺµĵǸ侳ڵΪ
ЩʱҲǷ˵ĵӣûͻƾɣŽڳΪ˷˵ĵӣߣ츳Ҳǳߣ̤ȴһЩѡ
˵涨һٶʮ֮󣬾Ҫ˵ڷְЩ˱ѡڷ˵Ϊĵ
һֲ֣˴󣬽׹ڵĸۡУԤ˴ţɾǵشһλɣ塢ȫѽ⣬ԴӣںطγɵԪ֮Уǲʱ䡣
һξɵõܵǿ߱չذ꣡
Բ˵ɹɣԾţصĲ𣬰ɶֹڣлԵ޳
ɣΪɣպ߾磬ΪĴڣҲôһ˿ϣ
˵ӣɾ;ɵˣϻ׹㣬Ҳʮˡ
оѾͻ侳ڷ˵侳ʵռ˴ƽʱڿΡסǸɾ񺣾߷ֿҲȻ飬侳߾츳ٲʵҲҪһˣһڿθû̡
ͣ񺣾ľߣֻȼڵľߣǾֻл׹һˣ
˵ھߵȻӣͻƾɣݲð
Ȼ֪׹кܴͻƾɣҲû뵽ô죬ôȣеԪƣݺﵽʮǳˣǰͻƾɣֻɣ
ͬǾɣҲмĲ࣬Щ˿ͻƾɣԪֻ۷ԲС̺Ȼޣ塢УõҲࡣ
ЩˣԪƵȴԴﵽǵʮ˵УоߵԪܹݺἸʮʮֲֿ
ݺἸʮԪƣݺἸԪƿɲǴʮǴһٱ
һٱ츳࣡
Ҫ֪ƾɵĶ֮֮Ҫǿһٱʲô
ˣˣԪƵ󣬻ûдﵽ۷壬Ѿʮ˰ɣ
ʮˣԪΪһȼСľǵڶȼȼʮĸȼɵĵȼеȼ죬һһ죬ļ죡쵱Ԫֻǵڶ죬ڻ׹㾹Ȼﵽ˵죬Ȼ߳
˼ʰǶɾɵϣʮãԪƣҶҪոˣϧҶҪ԰ɽ񺣣ʱżĹϵܼڷ˵ǻ׹һӾǵ졣
Ԫв֪Ҫ̺ٴƬɴͼƣ׹õЩطϴպɾͻԽԽߣĪ
Χ߷׷ۣ˸пĽȻǼʣ˻׹СܣԸ⿴׹ԼͷϣԼԴ
Ǽеλй֪֮Լܹ»죬ֻΪ츳Ǳ죬ʵԷ
ĴԼзѪǹҲҪ죬ϾΪǾ񺣳ڡ
ͼϵɣ飬ɣ飬ԪƵʮ֮󣬾ֿʼСӵʱ䣬Ȼȫ˻׹ĸۡ

ǷԪ֮У׹ĳЦֱ֮ʯһ޷ݵɢ񾪾塣ʱĻ׹㣬طںΪһµߣԳˣ
Ѿɹˣ׹ɹ˾ɣطϴպɾͲ
ǰƾԳܣս֪ȻŰɱ̫ˣ
׹ɹ֮ʣϣɾɵľͻˣջڣɾɻ磬һӦû֪ܷ˳ɹɣ
Ӧû⣬ʥ鿴õˣʮ겻ķѪǹͱȡˣɲɵĻǾЦˡ
ٺ٣ҿҲδأ˵һʱ䣬ôսţ˵ͽˣʥжδعأҲǸδ˽ģ
Щ˵䣬еԪѾȫˣһɫķӰۣչ᰿裡
ǻ׹ıѪģŨĹŷѪȴԶܹġ
ѪŰзǽɫˣԼĹŷѪһԱȣȫûпɱԣ׹˵ǧιŷ֮Ѫڹŷ֮ѪҲԼܱģǳڴơ
ܺãܺã׹㷢һĳХ֮ľɣҴﵽˣھɵϴ˵ᵽˣҵһ˽ĽӴ塢ꡢȫѽӣޱȣպΪԶӰ죡֮ѪȻǺöʮԪƣã̫ˣ
֮ѪԭǷ֮Ѫĸ
Χ֮ѪţǸпǼʣôĹŷ֮Ѫ֣лܵ
Ѿ޳ɾɣôɣٶҲ̫˰ɣ֮ǰ˵׼㹻ĶעҶĶ㻹ǵôóҵĶעǷ֮Ѫʮη֮ѪķѪǹ
ҲҲҳսзѪǹֲ࣬ҵɵѹ£ҲһҪǲӦսҲУҵǸҲͲƽʳԶˣ
ԭΪսɸǽѹˣʤ֮䣬ǻ׹һ֮ǰųˣֻҪ׹ó㹻ĶעӦսһ˻׹һڻ׹ͻ֮սó㹻Ķעȴ˳£
Ը߰˵˵ȥĻͬóȥˮô˵˵㻰Բʲôʵ顣


975 ̼̳
ʮη֮ѪֵͬͨļƷʥˣ׹壬ôŪô֮ѪԼͻƾɵʱһЩ
ȻŪǿԽ裡иŵС壬޳׹֮ѪӦܽ赽ʱӮ˷Ѫǹ֮ѪȥˣѪǹҲҪСһЩô
׹̫ͱˣľսⲻ۸ɣôӦս
۸ˣǴ׹ҲָеӦսǽŽͻƾɷͷʢ֮ʱǰ֮𡣡
ҿˣ֮ǰ˵̫˭ԱûмƷʥΪսģʳˣǾ½飬һͷڹ֮꣬躹ޣŬͻƾɺһس
٣ɵģƾ֮󣬻׹Ҫ񺣣Ǳѹһ׹¹Ǹжϥлƽź߰ô¹򣿡
ЩţĿⶼϣſķӦǵĻ͸С˷ѪǹǴ
˫֣ڷУɫΪ׹ԪؼԪ磬˺ͳʱһһ㡣
Ƿһ˿Цݣ˵ҵ˵ǣмƷʥұһսȴóʮη֮Ѫʣʮη֮ѪܹϵϷѪǹļֵô
ЩҲĶ˷伮֪֮Ѫļֵʮη֮ѪֻܱȵϱȽһļƷʥȷѪǹࡣ
ĴǣȻҪսһǶĵĴһ㣬׹ֻóʮη֮Ѫ̫ˡ
ղⷬ˵ȴһ˼ˡ
ȻǲӦսˣʵӦս󷽷ˣɶԾɣͲܴ󣬿۵ֶ̫ˡ
٣Ϊ󷽵׹ôˣȻ˻ݺݵһʱ
׹ЦҵǸû뵽ȴ޳ܣսֱ˵ǣȻ׾ӵĽڱսֱЦ죬Ҿף˵ʮη֮Ѫãҳʮη֮ѪƷʥƷʥĶɫһ¯һ£»ʲô˵
׹㵱뵽֮Ѫļ޾ǶʮΣ֮⣬һƷʥȴûóƷʥעóƷʥҲҳսˡ
ʱֻûôˬأ
ڻ׹һųʮη֮ѪĴעСóҲ˽ǣҪԼĵ¯ͷ£Ѫˣ׹ô˵ΪȷԼӮľɣټһصļƷʥɱﵣⶼӮȥˡ
⡭ʮη֮Ѫжĵ¯ͷ£Ӧǻ׹ԼĻ¯;£ǶĶֱҪƴˣ
ǰЩļֵȷѪǹҲضðɣ˭ˣͻ䵽ҵ
죬㻹ΪսɣǸ׳աһ񺣳ڵӲм˵ǰɣЩܶɾɵžЩʣ̲סڿһ¡
Ȼû˵꣬ͻȻЦˣЦú⣬ãʮη֮Ѫжĵ¯ͷ£ó̳ϣұһս
ҲڴţľߣԼһҪˣҶעôһսԴ̼
ʲô
һϯ˵ղԲм˵߲㾪°ͣҪӦս𣿡
츳ǿǲ٣һһսûսˣò˻ǲͽȻ൱һйֻ֮Ϊʥжϡ
ǣʥ϶ţҲսɣҪ֪Ѫǹʮ겻ʮвƷʥȡߣʮǰҲѪǹһȼĶʥ˴ʥȡߡ
ȡ߷ѪǹȻޣҲǶһ޶˵侳ǿУб̬ģ÷˵ϯӰ׵˵ʮǰһȡʥһʥһõϹıԴ֮Уͷһʱ
ҲܺųƷ˵ʮһţ⻹ʥûжϴ£ǰ׷ݣȴδܱˣ׹ҲƾɣųƷ˵ʮһҲǿϡʮĵһţܱʮĵһǿأƾʮĲ࣬ɴɣ
ΪӾʹӦô׵սѵ֪ӦսˬˣһŰǻң
һü˵ߣһ׹ĸЦţѵ֪½д𣿲ȷʵҲû뵽̶ֳȣѲΪ½磿½Ҳɾս񺣣ΪҲս񺣣Ҫжͣ
ܾûô򵥣Ҳд㡭ˣѪǹҲֲģ׹ֻƷʥɣ
ֻƷʥٺ١ͶҵյЦô֪׹ΪһսרŽ˼ƷʥȻѪǹҲټƷʥķ¡ָ׹װ˿ʨӲȫοǹϵشעһս׹ûаյ¶
յֻû֪
֮У׹Ӧ¶ĶпϲϹˣȻĴӦˣѰ·ɾ͸սҾɣҲмƷʥķѪǹβķѪǹȴԲˣ
׹㺦ڣѹסеĿϲ˵ãھȥ̳ҵ㣡
˵꣬תλλǰΪҹ֤
һۣҲǾȻҴӦⳡȶǵİ׵裬Ҳû׳ٰɡ
ȻǵΡ
˵꣬廯һ̳׹ӣҲţֺϷȻܴˡ
̳λڷ˵Ⱥģ̳жʮɸߣ﷽Բ
ڼ̳ΧΧһѪɵդ﷽Բļ̳Χıв֪мʮĿŵÿһƺѪçۻ룬ɱ⣡
ЩʥʮʥȴǱ˵ʥ޷ٷ
Ƿ֪ķʥƷƷƷƷʥЩ˵ʥûٻ¯ƣôİڷγһׯϣɱŨѪ֣
ֳ̨
ĵطڣڣǹڣڣЩѾгʷ죬Ҳ⼣߰ߣ


976 Ѫǹ֮
ׯ£ɱڵ̼̳Ҳһָп
ν̣ǿﵽΪľ磬ȻʵֻǸ˵ǿߣͨ˵ʵ񣬵Ҳ
ǰ̨ЩѾʧȥʼնɱǿߵʥҲֵסµʴʥҲҲ˵ԡȻʵϣҲ֮䣬ΪƬأͬǧ磬Ҳ١
֪֮·˼£ʲôӣ
ڷʲô䵽̼̳
׹һ仰ĸпʱĻ׹߸ڿУʢˣָһһСƿɳСƿ֮װ˶ʮη֮Ѫ
λˣΪұţƷʥ¯;£սлҪõҴսҲȻ⸶
Ȼ̼̳ϣκ˲ɳһӦ飬ķһ𵽹ãڶҲΪ˷ֹڶĶ֮֡
׹˵ſһЦһվ̼̳ϣû·սˣѪǹ͹ˡ
Ѿ˵ĻȻջء
̤̼̳̼̳֮ϣһε֣Զĸܹġ
ããҽ֪ʲôѰ·
׹˵ţֽһѳѳǽо߳һӵߣҲ߳ߣһһ˳ߣһװģ֮䣬ѳϽѾϵϰһЩӵˡ
ǡ
üһƷʥ
ǼƷʥ׹㾹ȻҲһƷʥ
мƷʥΪʲôüƷʥעˣŵԹ⽫ƷʥƭսսʱóƷʥ׾йݣ±Ӳˣ
׹Ҳ̫˰ɣԭǾɴɾŷѪǹֲһ²࣬ڻ׹ҲмƷʥ̫ƽˡ
ߣ㶮ʲôбթ⼫ƷʥӦҲǸСģСҲ̫ԣˡ
׹СһмƷʥ֣ߵıʥ¾ӡԼˣ򱻱¾ӡǾͻӰʥܣԼҪʱȥ
ˣ׹ģֻСıѣҲǼƷʥȻƷʵһ㣬Ҳ֤׹Сĸԣ̶ˣ˵ҲǷ˵ӣ츳ڰ׵֮£ݴҲʥȡ߹һʥ
ȻҾ㲻ڻ֮ҲаӮ㣬ʨӲȫҲһ˿һĻᣬһᶯǿѸײڶ֮ѹ㣬ӽԺ󶼲Ҹ
׹һʼóƷʥҪᣬһսȻ䣬ͬʱ׹ҲԾԵѹԴ
ɣϾԵʵټϼ֧֣Ժڷ˵˭ǣ
۾ڻ֮ܵķâǹɺ⣬·ǵԼü֮䣬Ϣ
һĨϼ䣬һѪ֣ų߾Ŵ磬ɫķѪǹͬһ˳ɲǼһֱѪɫֱ񷣬ɢȥƬնȾŨѪ⡣
ãѪǹǽӽͨʥļƷʥǹҲ֣õʥϿɣʮ˵ɫţȻÿŶܳɳΪԭ򣬶ᵼǱþزۣҪΪ˵ĶӣδɾȹһأϧȴǱˣ
ϻ࣬аɣŲһʮݷɫ⻪ſٶ˲ﵽ˼¡
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ѪȫڷѪǹϣһǹѪɫ籩ֱ̻׹ѣ
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һ׹弱˳ȥкڻ֮ϯǺںһƬͬ߶˺ڻ̺֮
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ӰΣ޼ѰϹŷһּΪ似ȻΪϵٶϱͲϵϹŷĹӰʵϵ׹Ӱ
Ȼ۶Է⣬нǧιŷ֮ѪĻ׹㣬СͿʼϵ־˾ɵϴԻϵ⾳⣬ȴ󳬳ϵ⾳⡣
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ҵɣ֪ôƬռڣҾףһз֮ߣϵط²ӵУǷëǣȴӵˣעΪһߣ׹ſĴЦڶɾ֮ǰûС֮ӵУӦˣ
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ƷʥĴңʮη֮ѪǽģҪ黹ˣ׹ͻƾɵʱǷСʮη֮ѪЩ֮Ѫ׹Ҳŵպ黹ţ˷ѪǹʵٲѪǹ֮еİط򣬿Կٽ񺣾ò˶ãܻˣڣѾѪ޹飡
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ԭӦǻ׹緢ʱ̣ĺͱʤʱܽսʤӮ÷Ѫǹô׹Ǿ˵֮ˣͻƵľɣּɴˣǰ;
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Ϊ֮Ѫ֮ѪԴʹߵĴ֮ֵͬ޷
֮ѪѪ֮ѪȵȵȵȣͨѪҺ
ͨѪҺǸһѪҺ࣬һֻ޷ˣ峤ǧ̺ͨѪҺкһжᱻû
ҲΪԭ߲ŪһЩķѪΪޣѪ˭ܲɵõ
ƿƿǣһ̸ܵޱŨĴֻ֮ѪҺϢоԼھӿһΪõ˵ôࡣ
Լڶɵʱ÷ӰЩ֮Ѫ뵽Լ֮УЧܴﵽʲô̶ȣ
ǵЦʦܣǿɣʢװ֮Ѫƿʵģֹ֮ɢƿǹãͻɷ֮Ѫʧ
̬ơ࣬ӣĿǶһݾη
ǵģǾη
˵֮ǰ֪ȡ÷Ѫǹ֮ǶǼʺų⣬ŵƾʲôʥϿȴϿңպķͷѹȥ֤Լġ
Ͼֻȡ˷ѪǹôʲôѪǹʥÿһҲвٱȡߣϴһļƷʥǾ͸ˣƽÿ궼ᱻȡһ
ڣɵʵսʤ˻׹֮ǵļ֮ģȴľη
츳ͳɾͣɲˣ
츳Լһ㣬ǻüʣ츳Լ̫࣬ǸͼʲˣֻӣֻĤݣ
ͬ˵ϯӰ׵裬ֻľη
ˣɣܾɵĻ׹㣬ɵĲ࣡ҴӰɵɣȻȲһ󾳽磬ȴҲܶϰˡ
Ȼϴ߶ԷһӷһأǶԪȴ࣬ҪļϣֻԪͷ壬ʵսûֱӰ졣
̫ǿˣɵĲ࣬ѪǹľŰپʮöѪǹֲܹһЩҲȥһС磬ɵĲ࣬Ҳ˲ˣ
ûԽսʲôµǣ׹ҲеţǰɾɵĻ죡Ƕ׹㣬Ҳ٣Ҳ˵׹ҪԽüСܣԱȻ׹͵Ϊܻ׹㣬󣡡
ǲ֪츳׵ʦΣ
һͻʵ׵һֱǷ˵֮ĵһˣ츳ǱΪǣѾͻ侳


981 
׵ͬõʥϿɣȡʥһƷʥһõϹԴ֮ĴУڷ˵СӵĿУ׵һɾɵʱԪƸʮǾ֮죡
׹֮ǲ༫ˡ
ͻ׹ĶĶȻͨӿ¶ˣڰ׵迴ȴֻСд裬ûеۿɼǿߵսֵע
׵ʦ֣ǻһЩɡһӲȷ˵ʵĸо츳ѾҪͬʱڵİ׵ˣȻȴָĿˣǰ׵Ļ¡
һǱʶ϶׵ǲɳԽսʤġ
׵ʦ֣ɵʱҲսʤɸôһӲȷķʣΪԽս̫˼飬֮ǰûһ˿Ϊ׵趼
ʱһ侳ӿڵ׵ʦȻɵʱҲԲսʤɵĶ֣ͬʵ׵ʦȻս޷ȣƺ׵ʦֵս龳ڻͣڻƽԲһ̤һ硣
˵侳ڵߣȻֻǰɵ侳ʶȴԶЩڡڵСܹģ˸׵ͬһʱʶ׵֣˵ĻȻȨԡ
ͬİ׵ʦֻǿӵһоЩ˼顣
ʥ鲻Ǵ˽ǰʶ˼ʮĿڵῡܣһŰʲôûۿŵǴҲȲ
˵˵ĴȻǷܹҲǷӺ;˵ʦͨ˵Ǵ˵Ƿ˵ĵӣһЩϣҲûмʸ
ȷʵȰ׵ʦͬǿǡǸ侳˵ﻰһתǹƾһ㣬ȴ˵δĳɾͣͱȰ׵ʦȥɣű䣬ɹɣʽʼҪߵ·أ˭ܱ֤պҲһ·裿Ҫ֪׵ʦܹĳɾͣҲΪ񺣾־һԵ׵춨˵ϯӵݣҪ׵ʦȣҪҲ񺣣񺣺ڡھ磬ܿҪһţδĸ߶ȣҪÿһߵþ춯زУ
侳ǿߵΪһֿ͹ۣڳɾ;ˣδܹδֻ˵ӵ˳׼ʥʥֵĻᣬܲץסǸδ֪
ʥǺεټһʥҲһϹŷ峤ʥ
ϹŷʵһʥؼʵǷʮϹŷ壡
ǧ˿ڣţ侳ǿߣڶǿߣʮ˸ʮٵ̫ϳϡϡ̷ϵȵԼɵϹŷ壬һʥء
һʥأŶ֮֮ھܳΪʥص䣬ʥǿߵʵ֪ˣ
˵Ҳã׵ҲãǾʥԶ
λʦ֣Ҫȥһ˷ǰչس磬лǸղΪĳĶĶ֤ˡ
ʦΪչǿ죬ҪˣҲȷʵʦܵΪѾﵽԲʱɣʦܵɣͬ£ǿߣҲԿһˣ
ɵ񺣣һ󾳽磬ɵֻǸС磬㵽ɣͬ£ҲǾҲмƷʥ£ԿֻǰȫˣҪӵмƷʥľ񺣣˵Ҫɵľ磬Ҳֻǿѡ
΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲô֪ԼҪߵ·ܳսʤ׹㣬Ȼ񣬵ʵϣҲֶξޱռ˷ѪǹƣûзѪǹûԪ⣬׹㣬Ӯ
ľţȻǵ֮
һ仰˵꣬һ⣬ֱɷӵĸۡɹȥ
ϵ֮ǰӾѾյϢϢǼݳģֱĺ£ӮһЩǵȻˡ
ɣʤɻ׹㣿ϢҲΪ֮ݣǲˣ½ߣȻ˵Ǳ󣬵츳ٶȴߣΪ½ԴϾȲԭȻ֪ڣҲҿ϶ʵֻպɳǱȫھȴҲû뵽ֻɣӵʵˣ
ţͻȻһǰȴŮϢ
ʦʦˣ
ŶüҶ˶Ӧͻɵģܺã
һϲӮ˷֮ѪϷԼһЩأȻܴĸδͻƾɵʱ򣬽ܸķϴ

ӴȥƬ֮˷ڵĴ
ǰӴ˴ǰΪͻɣǰΪ
ɣ´һȷʵԲʵʵٳ½ϣϾ½Դ̫ƶˣҴҲޣò·
սʤ׹飬Ѿ֪ˣúãǳãȻ˵ͷҲһЩ鷳ԶΪսʤ֣ȴҪʵߵķ˵Ӯ˶ʮη֮Ѫô
ǵġ
ɣ
á
ϼһĨһµСƿͷ˳һֽӹ֪һɨȻǶʮη֮Ѫɡ
һֽгһ޴ɫëëɳ񷶥
һǰëĸֻﺮɭɭһķɣëɱˣܽһ̸ִԴ
֮𣿡
ʵ
Ƿ֮һɣ鵤һؿ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣȥɣÿһ׶Σֱǡ񡯣
Ѫ⣬Ѫǰһ֣ȥ壬
Ԫνɵľǡɣһ֣ѣ
꣬أȻġ֡
ĸҲĸȱһɣȥɣ뽫Բˣ̤񺣾պдɾ͡ޡһأȻҪһ¡
ӵȥңҽ֮飬ȡ뵽ĵ֮У鵤ﵽԲ
лǰ˵֪Ҳƽ۸ԣ̶ȣԶˣЩѪһĶԷͬкܴôָԼǶ¡


982 Բ
ӵıչλڷɹĵ£ȫɿԴʥĽɣ󷨵ļӳ֣ûֵ£ҲܹڸֵĽ
ҵ룬һö޵һʲôȴһƳһֱ̣ӳ˾޵֮С
ǡ
㵵Ŀܣĵ桢ǽڶֳɫޱ񣬰ȥܸܵĵԣ·Щǽһ㡣
ѪɵǽڣЩŵʵ
һλϹŴܣһЩĺ޵ѪƳɵѪһؾѰҵõһıѪԵУûκιֻͱչأѪǿ徫ѪеѪ⾫мĺô
죬Щ㶣ܴ½ǳһǹꪡܡף˵˵ȥսһģı֮٣ڷóЩϡŹֵıǾ͸δţ붼벻
֪ϵѪ֮УȻܵ󺣵Ѫ⾫ԼŶݼҲ档
ӵѪҲҵĻԵ֮һȡڵĳɾͣѪкܴһݹ͡
˵䣬ƽ٣֮ϣһƵɫĻû˿ȵĸоȼյʱȴΧռ䶼ŤѪ֮еĻ֮ԪҲΧ£ɫΧһʵĻ񡢻ѻȸǵȵ̬ƽɫ涥Ĥݡ
һĻĿɿڴֻ棬ҪӵĲٿأֵܷ̺𺳡
ʥ𣿡

ʥ𲢲ڻ𾫵ֻ棬ʵϣȼҲǻ𾫣ǻ֣𾫵ͬ飬ͬԴ
һöƷĻ֣ȡʱȼĻ棬֮ں϶õ𣬱ʥƷԶԶʨԴܹġ
ʥ𣬱̺ĵ棬ɵ̥ǡ鵤֮ͬƶ
ˣҽʥ֮Уתѽ塣
˵ţһƴС֮ϣһ˿ʥ̳֮УֻҪͬʱԼȫԼѽ⡣
ȻȻ÷Ӳǣһʥ֮УĸоڻһҪɵʥ
ʲôͨȻܹѹʥȻ˵ͷųʥֻʥǧ֮һƷʼߣһܹͨѹƵģӣȻд˰
вͬʱҲҪ̽һ޳ɵͨʲôȻһѰûҵ
ȤȤ
ԽľȣͬʱҲеϲһŵĳɳƾ޻ҪлԵ
ұ¹ʥľڿȴҶˣܺãʥעԽ࣬ĴԽס
뵽Ӵʥע룬˫ֵģð˽ɫ棬ȴǵɫҫ۵ɫ
һעǧ֮ʥ𣬵ǲ
ܺá
Ӵһӡʥٷ֮һٷ֮
ɫĻѪľѪ֮Ҳע֮С
ʱҲڿʼѽˣƤ⡢ѪܡĤࡢ裬һֱͷ­
е嶼ѽ⿪΢СѪƮѪ֮У֮еҲ˳ڲһˣȴĺڶ
ˣҲ΢΢ͷʵȳ̶ȵˣŵҲǶġ
ָһƽɫ棬û֮У⾧˱㿪ʼڻˣڻԴںϵѪ֮С
ʱΪ״̬άȫط֧֣һƻѪ֮ô˲ҷ
ͺñȣпͷ­ȻһЩҽʦ£пͷ­ȡеٷͷ­ȴܻţȻУСĴţòֱ
Էӵľ磬һȴΪݣȡǸɳķ֮ʥա
֮Ϊ޵ëεȼͣǿߣҪҲΪѣ
ʥ£֮ȴܿڻˡ
ʥ𣬱ǷԡʱĻ棬շ˵ȫ壬Ȼκβһë
ȥ
һȣ֮ڻɵľ뵽Ѫ֮У
Ӵ򿪷֮Ѫĸӣʮη֮ѪҲ׷׷ɳĻ֮±ϸ΢ѪҲ
׹Ƕɾɵʱ˶ʮη֮Ѫɵʱȴз֮Ѫз֮ľзʥΪ
ȴȴǳĵӣҲֻӣС
ɵḶ́ܳʮ죬һֱԱغţѪ֮оþͬʱҲѪ֮еѪ֮
һֱʮ죬Щ΢ϸСѪͻȻıת̬ʼһɣڽӽβ
鲼Ѫ֮еںϣҺ̬̬εľˣ̮Ϊڶ
ɵ鵤СһȦ̺ȴӴ󣬸Ӿ
Ϊģ۳ɵѪӷ׷׸ϣγ衢ࡢѪ⡭
̳һʱ䣬Ѿͣʱ˫ϥٲһɢĺڷڱȫ壬һ̣Ӥ徧Ө͸ȫ̺
˫ۣ۾峺͸緱ǣһһƬԪγ˳ɫϼֻûĺɫ˿񣬰ס壬γ·
˼͵ܸоԼѾ̥ǣͬʱԲ֮Ѫͷ֮ľȫѪգָоޱȵ
ս˫ȭеȫԻ׹㣬㲻ûԪ⣬Ҳһİջʤˣ
ңѪ֮еľѪ֮оԼҲɱıԵмİգһͻưŶݼ׵šţ
λ򣬿֮ԣȻսӰ첻󣬵ȴΪǰŶݼ֮УֵһţΪžʥ磬ʧȥֵ
Ŷݼ׵ǰŵ֮ȼͿ˵ţȴһʱ䣬ٳδܿţҪ۲㣬ղڣʱˡ


983 ԵĿ
лǰ
Էһݶ£ģȻ½ʱ򣬻ԵһЩţܶľϽ֮Уħ۹֮ж㲻ôԵˣֻͨĻԵ
£ÿһߵʵޱȣպʣֻù˻ۣȻˣʱȥ̸ʲô׷Ѱ۷壬ǲʵʵˡ
ҲҪǰˣӽԺΪӣԸ⣿
ӣ΢΢һ㵣һ˵Ӷ͵ȼһ㣬ʽӣٵõָ㣬Ȼ᲻ͬ⣬ôǼӣ
Ȼµ˼˵Ȼӣȴ㣬ֻһŰˣĸеպҲ᳤õڷĻԵܻ嫹򣬳ɾһܣҲ˵Ѱʦ£˵кüʦҲ֣״ӣһ£պ̲㣬㵱ӣҲûʲô塣
һ˵΢΢һ㵣⻰˵˾һ˼Ϊպ̲Ȼˣ͸ɴȥεʦͽϵ
ǰҲ̫ˣھܣ̫Զ
ȷʵúԶڵķ˵ֻϹŷʮ֮һһӵѣԽսʤ׹㣬ܶΪеޣɷŵʲôǡǷ˵ĵһӰ׵裬պûܴʣǳΪһĸˣһǸе׵ģȲҺ;ˣ׵ԶϹŷ峤ʥҲԶܽ佾֪꣬ԼҪߵ·ܲ
ӽʦ̻塣ⷬϿ˷ʦݡ
ãŷаʱ䣬׼ôιŷõһʮַ񣬼Ʒʥ֮Ѫҩѡ㶨ȻҪһ
룬˵ʦ𣬵׼ʱչؿŶݼ׵š
Ŷ΢΢üŶݼôŶݼ׵ſţԣȷʵһʵõţΪʦҪȰһ䣬ĪҪ᱾ĩǴӼʮǰԶʱ̫ʱϵ˵̫ʱȷʵʢУԪϵǺϵȴȡϵеȻԭ򡣾˵ƬصĹˣ֮ڵǴʥصĶţҲѡ˫ޡ˫ޣսͬߵȻƣҲҪܶ಻Ҫľѧ̫ӣԾϵĵǣǳͻƣ޾ԪһܳΪʥ𣬾ԪϵǱѾ㹻㷢ˣܷ򵽼£ѵ㻹֪㣿
Ҳ˵˵ûָΪǺεʮҲδسһ
κţپޣͬʱһҲޱңԶ
û˵ʲôжңԶ϶·ᶨȥ
ӿѾ¶ģԼ˵ʲôҲûãʵҲף־ᶨ˵һʲôᶨƵȥЩһһˣдɾ͡
˵Ҫ㣬ԼʦǷڵ飬ղǾҪԼˡ
ҪƿţӦõģһŵȻҪڵǣǾͿˣҩôƿţҪСҩ۲С
Уֻǻûɵҩϼȡϼڲҩ԰֮Удʮϵҩ
ⶼǽϼ漣֮еʮδҩ԰ȻҩѾǻЩȴǳΪҩ֮еľƷݵҩʥ֮УҲң
㾹Ȼҩ԰ʮꡢʮݵҩһҩ԰ûУ˵Щҩﱾж󣬶ʵ̫ˡ
ӿŪЩҩҩǷӱ˶һ꣬ĶȥŪʮҩ
ңҩҲҲҪԪɱܶҩĻһˣܻʮ֮١
ӦһƷʥ䣬ڲԳɿռ䣬ҩޡӦһż֮еõİɣȥ£Щҩʮʱû˴ȴܱȻǴһ쳣ķˮ֮У
Ӽʶ仰˵׼ȡϼľȷʵϼһ֮£ΪǿĴڣƬռԪǳḻһ·߹ȥضֲһмƷԪʯ
ϼΪϵһˣֲҩĴ󲿷ϵҩϵԪ˳Ļ֮УʱɺϻʮʱۣһƬҩ԰
ôõҩģдҩĶƫϵţ˵ͻȻһϼڲһС֡ϵһ׷齪ϼ
ϵһ壬ԭϹķֲ֧ˣôϵҩϵҩЧã֮ȻҪã塣
ðɣЩҩҰ㴦ΪһöŶݼ׵ŵ鵤
ϹŷΪܵ淨˵Ĵ壬ϵ輫ߣϾ벻ػ𣬷Ҳĸ֡
Ȼ̳ҩʦļ䣬ԼЩҩģҪһʱ䣬Ǿ͸ϲŷˡ
ֻҪʮʱͲˣƷʸá
ллʦ𡣡
С¶ѣҩĶԼ׼ģЩǾ֮ͣұҲھҩ׼ƾ硭
˵䣬ӽָ֮ȡһɫĵ¯¯ıʦ˵¯ҪҪֻս¯ҩغߵмƷҩΪȻס
¯ϷӵҩʥƣҩЧȻȫܹġ
ʦĺôˣʥء֮У೤ҩͬƣԽ⣬ʽΪ֮ʾٶȿˡ
ҩЩʱգͲϵɡ˵ţֽȡһö򣬵ݸⶼǷԼдĻϵĵã޼۵ĲƸһֻв͸˻ϵ˲дɸƣÿһöмеĹ±״ӣ衣
˵ͻȻʲô˵УǷ˵ˣ˵ӿԴʥȡʥ㻹ȡһҪˣȥȡɣ
ǣʦ𡣡ƷʥεĻᣬôܴ


984 ħ춯
Դʥȡ˷ѪǹܶӶܵ˴̼ЩڼӿʥѰҲûָȡƷʥܹȡһƷʥ֪ˡ
ָоڷ˽磬˵ĳĳٵʱٳ˹ͷȻ飬ϡУֵԶԳĽӣ˲ԼûҲ׷ܵٵһ
ʲôʥֻҪһǧ׶ȣΪʲôǧŵĵӿΰط壬ŭĿӣǺòܹһǧ׶ȣʥײײֱӱΰط⡣
ΰطֺڻʨϣӸЩڵĻӣһı飬ЩɫȡԼʲôС
ĵ˵پǶ٣İ
Щ죬ΰطӲùӵˣѾЩ۸ˣǺ·ӣǺʥ飬ʥĶͷ˾ȶӷͷ˵
һЩթΰطʱͷϾλãٲ´㣬ƾʲôһǶʮꡣ
ǣΰط㿪ʼСϵĵ֣ЩСϵӱͲ࣬ûˮЩѡ
㡭ֱдǼǵͨ죬˵ʲôͻȻͿΰطǻƨһӻʨϹԭֺӣ˲һĵЦݣȫһūŵı飬ǰһգ۵ʱ䣬ˡ
ЩӻûŪΰطǳһͼΰطһո¶ݹͷ˵ѽٿ룬ٴݹΪ˵ڶƷʥɣѽѽʥһƷʥҪѰ˰ƷʥҲֻţﾡѽ
٣
ƺЦãԼƽһ½ߣȻүˣ
ΰطεԲڿںǵգ۵ģޱȵǰ·Ѻ漸Ѿȫɵ˵ƽȫ˿
ʥ֮ЩӲŴĿ״̬عǿ۽ˣһ˾Ȼǰƺ󹧵̶ֳȣƤôġ
ޣʲô˰ǣūŵ̶ֳȣ˴ӵܣ׵Ƶģˣʲô䣿һҲڣ
ǣ̫ˣӵʲô˲һͺŽԿףһΪȫԴģҪǳڴ壬һǿʮ
һӲĵ˵ĴٶԱԼĴܲʣ
壿ʲôȥˣûӦղŽȥ˭ôΪߵЩεҡҡͷֵ֣ļΰط幧̶ֳȵģӦ˵ǹӦ˵Ǻ£ңΰط嶼˵ˣΪ˵ڶƷʥģҲ˵֮ǰѾȡһȡƷʥжǷëǣٶԱɵΪǻ֪˭ô
Ǵһ˵ܲ׹һӻȻȡ˷Ѫǹɻܵɻ׹
ԭһ׽Ŀһûʲôرİ
ʲôرģϢһգ볣죬ϢţǰվվסǰЩɣѾˡΪ׵Ǹҡҡͷֵܵļ
Ǵһܻñ˵𾴣ֻҪʵ

ʥУΰطһֱЦǰ·С鲽ȵǷ˽ʹе̫һ㡣
ٿؾǷѪǹȡߺļƷʥƷȴѪǹ٣ٿ϶ǲҪˣʣ°˼Ʒʥһ
ʥ룬ΰطޱȵĽţʥȡģֱڵ̯·ļļ
ҲȷʵѡʱؿǷͨ飬ʲôʲôʵĵ
ҶҪǵ¯ָ£׽һ°ɣصǽָ
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ԼֵĻᣬΰط嵱Ȼ֮á
٣ָΪʵۣ֮󣬼Ԫָ
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ΰط彫ͽָ꣬΢΢ͷȻƷʥսԶСףȻֵȴͬȼʥһЩ
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Ȼΰطϵȡʥ־Ҳû뵽ô죬ƨĻȴģʥô֪꣬ῡȡƷʥżȡģҲ۸һȣ֮
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ħһμ¶ȻһǡħķӦ
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ĳıôˣзĳΪʲôûϳ
תǱȴȫûбֳΰط忴ֻڸ־
ô٣⻤ɣһ۵Ʒȵպ⻤СһЩʱȫԽʹ͸ĺ֪ģ˵ôΣӢʼߵˣʳڵľɫŮҪҵġ
ΰطƴƨȴһ仰ûȥһɫ˻ΰطЦЦ˵лʦֵͬĳˡ
˵˵ʲôܷԸΰطͷİˣֱĿʧųһǻϴεĶԹ˵պܳɳʲôزܵʥʶҾﲻġ
ΰطʥô꣬ʥ鿴˵۹˽⣬һЩ˵ӻܻʥжʱ᲻⣬Ȼΰطȴ֪ʥĿж඾Ͽɵţ;䣬Ȼʣ
ΰط壬ѾصԼıչشΪ˱֤԰ȫɹûȥ
뵽صĵңԼ˺ü󷨣Сȡöʥ־ҿûκֵġ
֪̽УҲûκĸоʵ󲻳ΪʲôħиӦ
üͷö˲ϣҪԼ־һϻ˼鷢ˣǻٿһԼؿڣţ뺣һ㣬ֱʧˡ
ħ̵ˣ
ɴ۾֪ħȻʧǣʲôоħԴ֮󣬾ͷ·ʧˣϵҲãֳ֪̽ҲãҲħӰӣɵʱ򣬻ѽӣҲȫҲħ
ֻһЩ£ΪħṩǿߵľѪֻħ⵽֮ʱŻͻȻ̼ʩչȫⷶΧ
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ôҲǼ̳ҩʦʦϹħͷļˣһЩϻǺ˽ġ
һȴǰԾ۵ĺӦľľʹپָӵĹƶɡ
ӦȻڵѪǳŨԶһ㾭Ѫ㻯޾ܱģȻֻһһ㣬ұˣҲ쳣
ȻħɵĺȫȤ赭дģȫûע⵽¾ͽжˡ
Զ׼Ӧĺֵȫǻȡ
΢΢û´ĻǰżȻõһϣҲ֪ϱʲôֻǷһЩ־ԣ㽫Ƴʥ־ĻӺǺȥģ⻤ԶƷʥĶһ̫ʲôĴҲ֪ĳҲ֪ȻҲ֪ħ֪ûħҲֻὫͨļƷʥˡ
һУȻϧǣħȴûʲôı仯
ħ֮·𲽣ĸ
Ȼ˵ڵĳɾܴͣһֶŬƴɱģħĶ࣬ҲǴһЩħʼۡļƬЩƬеĶа֮⣬ҲûõóֵĶ
ǣȴħԶûзӳԲֹΪԼṩƬôã򼸴ʥؼǷҪ֪Ϲŷ壬ʮôҲһʥضѣ
ħᣬƼ˼ʥصĸ֣Щˣж׵ģϣϹŷ̫ϳϣϹŷ峤һһඥܣȴܷʥʥŮһɱ
ǸʥŮΪѾֲ޷ĵزȻһ㣬ҲħĿֲ


986 
ʥ־ħ̵֮оһҲûκνֻʱʼ
һö֮У⾳ǣ֮⾳ء
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׫дĴ򼸺ûһͼÿͼ֮нƣһͼܿһͼ
еĵһͼһһƬɫʯ֮ϣܣӿҽʯ˿һֲ¶ȣٲȻһĳںɫʯϵȴ̱ˡ
򡣡֪һЩ츳ߵˣ⾳򵽼£Χγһ
ܣԳһռ䣬ֻҪУҪ֮еķѹƣҪƿȴҪʩչ߼ʮڶԵеʱơ
ս׹ʱ򣬻׹ʩչֻϧƷԶɿռ䣬ֱӱԺɿռѹƣûзӳЧ
ȻˣҲֵ󣬺ģҲԽսܴԭĺɿռ䣬ټӣԶֵѹƱԡ
ܿ⸱ޱȵͼ֮УҰУ⸱ͼͼǻûʵռ䣬ϣҽӿһĻ֮Եø룬ȴ̺
ӻƳĻϵûиκνͣȴڼ򵥵ͼ̺֮޵Բ㣬ӻƳֻĪ˵ϵ⾳ˡ
ʱһĹȥʼվУһ
ϵŻϵÿһ㣬аѿҶϣƿ̳Ӧķ
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аѿɻϵ򣬶˵һѧϰϵĽݾаѿķֻʹã׵ԶԼĸʵ
ոһյĲŷµĳһգͻȻһǰ֣֮˷ӵҩƺˣɹ׼ţ
Ȼӳ˼״̬ѹһǽǵɳ©ȥʮʱ䣬ʮ죬û͸µĵһͼӵ鵤Ѿƺˡ
ʦĺôԼЩҩ֪Ҫ¡
һ廯һ˳ȥƬ֮˷ɹѾڴ֮ˡ
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šӵĵͷһ˦һľбӹһ֮зö鵤һöɫһöɫ
컯裡һϳһԵҩҩҲƷ뷨ƷӦ컯ʥƷ൱ڼƷʥô˵ʵҩļֵöԱȣ÷Ƶö컯˵õ˺ܶʮϵҩЩҩҪѼ룬֪ҪѶٹ
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Ŷݼ֮УľţȻſ֮һԱϣں֮һһֵͷųڰŶݼ׿Բ֮󣬴ﵽǧһЩ似ķɱԴﵽһֲľ硣
ǣʦ𡣡
ŷչҡ
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׻׻ţʵЩҲ֪ڡ϶мأЩߣڿŵʱ򣬱ħ壬Ӵʧңٲˡ
ЩĲףԾ֮ĿüޣպԼ
ûֱӿʼţڤ룬㣬һֱһʱ䣬ЩûʲôõʽʵĵֶΣͨЩܹһзԼȫעϾ򣬿ţչ֮ССģó
ӿı֣΢΢ͷ
һϵеʽ֮Ȼ˫ۣ컯Уץɫץɫ⣬ڤ룬ӡöҩüĴʱһĻˣü֮ǰһһöҩںһγ̫ͼתţ̺
컯̷֮ģü̫֣̫֮֮ͼںϣֱӿʶ
̫ͼԽתԽ죬ü֮ϣȫ仯壬Ƥ֮Уʶ
һֻ̣ͷȻһ𣬷·ƬǿԼԺ֮С
޼̫̫ǣǼ֮γĻ컯̫ʶ֮У͸оԼʶһأеǻԡ⡢֮⣬ඥ룬ǵصʶ֮С
һ̣оԼԺһ棬޾Լͺ޹Ŀռ֮Уǹ⴩ңԶľ룬ӳԼ塣
һ˲ϢﶼУβ񷣬ɣ
۷壿۷ĸо
ͻȻ۷壬ļ׷ͨţһ˲䣬ԼѾʵǵ۷ĸо
ԣ
ǻ޹棬ʶԹڻ֮УʶԶУҲ·
ȻһȴǾһ亹
ÿ߶ħ޷ǵĳ裬ĳޣĶкµĶ׷ĶܳΪħ
˹丮̨ʱħ£һأڣѾһؿѣ׷۷֮·ҲܳΪħ


987 
ʶһ㣬ü֮䣬һɫǹսɳصĻ֮С
磡
һ죬ռǹսײһΪģƣ˲Ϣٶӳȥ֪ӹٸϵƬ棬·һ㣬ױˣ

ҽһоǰĲ棬ľ֮ꡢʶһˣ޷ݵʹ·Դһ㣡
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ղŲħҵʶȴִݻ٣
һһгһɲǵĶҡȻȴ˲䱻
ս鼴ҵ־ΪҾ֮־֮ǹ־֮ǹֻɱһô˾֮
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ȫƿ
֮дһǸ־֮ǹ˲仯֪ﳤ·̹ſٵصĴ󸫣صĻ£
꣡
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һתЩѵĿռѷ֮Уɳ޾Ķħħʬҹ桢ޡЩһ֣ǵصɱҪ̻
һ߶ʮɣɣһƬĿ޾ңԶռǿȥͬһȺϸСһ㣡
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ʱ־֮ǹҲ࣬Ȼ־ǿҲ޾һɱôħĸҲܴ
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ħʧ֮ӿռѷз˳ЩڷĹУǱ仯һŮЩŮֻᱡ͸ɴ¶ڣޣ޾Ů߷һĻ񻣬ɬ죬һ׻ɫ㣬崿ɰģ࣬ôŮţһ۹룬ﲨ
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һֻֻԼϵõƤ֮ɫļ׳ڿʳƤ͹ͷ
һ֮־ب棬֮ɰɽٵأ֮棬һУ
һȫȼЩ桢׳ȫճɻҽҲڱգЩƤ׷ױյ˼ϸƤһڻԡ
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Ŷݼ׵ſŵڿپ֮Ծꡢ־Ķǳֲ־㣬ɿ޷ȫ
Щˣֱ;ƿݣʧأӴ˱ɰ׳ա
һ˯ʮֵٷ֮ٵ˯ߣ֪ȫرգ򳹵׷գÿһë׶ɿԷԪ
ʱҪɱȫûз֮
ӾԱ߾һ߹۲
һӺ⣬ǳ⣬Լ־ս鼸ľˣҲĿ˿ţǱȫ˳
־սǿ̶ȣͬУǶûȼģ־ǿĺôպֳ֮žܵ־ǿĺôˣս黹һ˿ԣçۻ룬һֿĸоһ˿Ե֧֣Ҳ޷ſĳ̶ȡ
ſȾ磬ܹԺǿȣպĺôԶ
ÿ߶ܽſȳ̶ȣǺܶŹΪһţҪϧѪķ˫ˡ
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Ҫ˫ޣΪ͵ʱ;ã޳֮Ѿɱ壬޷ϵˣΪѾˣ侳ڿٳС巽ת䣬Ǿ͸ȥˡ
֮ҲͬŶݼ׿ˣٵǣô屾̫ͣҲ¶ɱһ
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ǱԨ֮ϣһ·߹ÿһȥպǴ棬𣬵ǣҪÿһߵ̫̫ˣر侳֮Ǹʱ򣬺ܶŵǱҲõʱˣѰԵС
Դƶ½綼ܽҪԴİŶݼ׿̶ȣһõһƬʮݵҩ԰Լ֧ģڣܽų׿ȫҲôһ˿ܣ̤ǡ
֪Ѿû޳ˣȻô֪ҲޣҲ޳ɣû˵ˡ
ȻŲǷ˫޵߱Ͼռ٣޳ɵǵģǾͼ
ɵǣޣΪ˰ŶݼףͺķѴԴͬʱڶɵʱ򸶳Ŭʱ䣬ʵǲֵãϾŶݼЧͱ˸ľ磬ǾͿпˡ
һ˯˯ҹ
֮һֻþˬ˼άޱȵݣ
Ӿ֮ϲķ֣ľ֮ȻԳһĸо
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ɫƽսı־
ζţս龭ղŵĥ£ѾﵽԲļ£ۿҪͻƵƽս飡
ǴӰս鵽ƽսһشԾһҲʮֵļѣսﵽԲ־˼λԵȴҲֻðսӽӽƽս飬ʼδͻơ
ҵһǿԭҡ
ͻȻһԺл֮ǰӻƳһͼϲķ֣ǰܶ಻̫׵ĵطȻȻڻͨ
֮ǰȫĵطҲһЩķ·޴ˣţֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ȼܽͼȫ
ԡ֮ԭֻǲ˱ʵķԾ


988 ʼ
лʦ𣡡
ϲ˵֮ȲҪϵ⾳ĸо
ܽſ̶ֳȣĻԵúðհɡ⾳һֱߣƾ迪ţֲߡӲ˵ţȷʵԻϵ⣬ܴ½㶥⣬ǶԱŷǣȴԵʮͨˡ
ŷֻа꣬漰ܶĻᣬҲʮּңǷĵӣ˹﹬ĵӣͬʱܶչز侳ҲμӣǶԻϵ⣬һµĸ߶ˣȻ츳ϼѣҪǸ侳ȣõһȴûаϣֻϣõһĵΪ߲񺣳ڶѡ
񺣾侳Ҫʱıչػ򣬲ԼڵıԴ뵽Сǧ֮Уӵйǧ硣
̣൱Ҳ൱ѣֻʮʱʹɹɵ񺣵űȱȽǣǴ޳䣬ȥҪʮʱ䡣
ҲΪ޳侳ּѣдȱʧԭܴ½½ߣδܹڡ
ǣʦ𡣡
ˣصԼ֮УʼǱĲϵأӿſ֮֮ǰֲ˵ĵطʼаѿ֮ϣҲʼ̳ԽԽķƬֽɫͼڣ̡
£תۼ䣬ʱȥˡ
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ڹŷʼ֮ǰڵȸʼ˼ޱȵĴΪŷʸ
һŷʸζž޴ĻԵòΣҲܿ۽磬Դ⾳Դмĺô
Ȼӽ򣬽ڵҲ֮࣬ȸǧޱȼңҪõһϼѣܶΪ˵õһʹȫ伫
֮䣬츳ʵĽҲĻֶεĽǷ˵֮УǧľʮֲпѪȡ
Ϊĵ֮׵ķ˵ӲҪпˣз˵ӣɵõһʸǳΪ˵ӵĺôȻΪ˵ӣȴȵõŷʸΪʮ
˿ʼǰһգһ˷Ͽգʵⲻ˵һۣһ齢ǧɣɣʮӡ
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ڷϿգһǿ߸߸֮УԪע֮Уɴ˷
۾һգ˵ҲɣǷ˵ĸҲǽӴ˵ǸЦеͷ
˵Ǿ˵ˣ˵ʱҲûеѣӡǲò
һӷգͬȳһ㣬߰ǧ˵Ĺģ棬˵ֻռ˲ʮ֮һѣڷ˵ȸȴռ˰˳ɣڵռһɶ㣬Ҳǧ˵ĹģһǧǴʮѡģɼ֮ҡ
߰ǧ˽齢֮У˿ӵʮֿ
߸߸齢֮ϣ
ʦܣʦܰɣδǵιŷҪΪǷǳһϹŷֱֹǷ˹﹬ŷһУЩǷ֮гɼʵǲ̫ÿ곤ла׵ʦܳţһǾͲҿ
齢֮ϣͱ˳˵δ侳ΪȻʵԶȴʮֿ츳Ӯ𾴣ֻҪ䣬ɾǰ϶飬ǿߣټķҲʮֱ
кڳ磬ЩϼµĽ򣬻һЩڲ伮Ҳ˴µ˽⡣
ǧ磬ֱΪ磬ڶ硢С磬˵СҲֻԣʵСҲܴ½λôˡ
ǧ֮һ޷ϹŷֹŷһС
г֮󣬺ܶӶ׷׿ڷ죬Ϊȡ˷ѪǹΪɵΪսʤɵĻ׹㣬ʢʥܴеʱ򻹵õϹıԴѪֻз˵ӲеĴÿӿֵҲǷëǡ
ʱͻȻһݹ߷ټ죬ֻжʮ˵ӣЩˣڳЩĸŵǷ׷׶ݣҲԵù
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ʮ˲ǱˣǷ˵ľ侳ǿߣΪ׵ǷһӰ׵裡
˵ǿһʮˣ侳ǿռ˰˳֮࣬񺣾ľǿֻȼڵ׹һˡ
ʮڷ˵λȻҲǷ˵ӵмǵĵλҪȵߵö࣬һЩųϼǶҪϹϾǰ׵裬պܳΪĴڣλȻһ㳤ܹġ
ǰ׵裬Ȼ񡣡̧ͷ׵裬һ£üĿʳ
ֻоڤڤ֮У·ԪںΪһ壬һ˵ﵽ߾磬غһγɹеָоͷ·ؼľһ㡣
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׵ճϵĴкĿһɨ΢΢һͣ٣ɨ˹ȥ
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δأ﹬·С𰣬Сʮ꣬ǰȻңȴҲˣԴʦһٶʮ֮ͳ﹬ϯӡ
׵赭д˵ţȻùιŷ곤ĵһÿζɣҵᣬ΢ȡʤ
˶ˣɣ
ճ齢
ǧɵľ޴ͬһ̫ޣٶȺܿһֲĵز棬ĽȺѸٱСܿͿ̶ڵǳҲ˦ˡ


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齢˷ڵķմǧ磬˳磬齢֮ǰᴩգʼմŲơ
һУմŲƵĻǧ궼ɲͷ
齢ԽԽߣܿϵɸߵɽĴӶˣϸС΢Ĵ½ȴȻޱߣһı߽磬ףڣΪλԺ
վϴ֮ǰųߴ޾գ𺳡ȻѾĽܣǱĺ𾪣
һ粢ֹ磬бӿռ䣬Լռ֮ǳ
֮ǰ齢һδŲ֮󣬾½ѾԶ;֮ϸСĹ㣬ÿһŹ㶼һǳ
ЩǳдСкǣоǣʯбΪӽ֮ڵĺڶ
Щǳ֪жٿţдΪӣԪȫޣʺϷ˺棬ǻǡ
ҲһЩǳԪḻ˴ķˣǵõԴȻȲ½ǣҲ½ǿö࣬Щǳ֮УҲӿֳ񺣡䡢ǿߡ
Щǳ߿ΪԼغͶڣЩ߶Ĵܣƽʱһһ
ڻ̫ʱռǳжߴڣиԼĶˣȻĻԵЩǳУرһЩ̫ޣ޵سѨܽЩǳ̽һȡõĲƸɹ
ȻǿߣһҲ̽Щǳʮ֮һ
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ߵ磬ͿԱٹȣԪΪԷȻܴܲܣҷʳﶼǾĵرʳöΪҲкܴĺô
һ·ߵŷ;ܶ˶ϵԴɫʮֹһЩ·ģ֤ڷѾˡ
ˣһͻȻȡ˳ɾͣеܶ˵Ķʼɣż˵ãȡĳɹٴȡøĳɹ֤Լױȵʵôʵ˾ˣɳ羴֮ġ
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ȻҲǾԵģҲвΪˣδҪԽĿꡣ
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Ҫߵ·ȷʵܳǾ빬ʥ֮λҳҪԽźֻһĻΪ⣬Ҳû˸Ĵȣֱӱ͵˵Ҫ˵ֻܿɾɷʽ£ƾӵݣʸ񿼺˵ӵһ
˵䣬Ŀ˸ŵĹʣڸոմﵽɣûеɾɵʱ
Ϊܷɣƽӣιŷʸ񿼺ˣܷѹȺۣԻӵݣ˽ڵȸӣõӿ˵һͷʢ
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ʵȴֻڻڵ˾޴ĺ䶯ӵĳݣȻڶߵȸȻֻ˼ʺżܶ˵ֻá
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ȥֻһֽͣǾǷ˵Ǹ߸ϵ̬ѹƲ񡢽ڡȸΪЩӶϣԼõ˵һҲһֻһϰˡ
ӣܷбһڻ
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һܷս˫ȭιŷУһˣţĳɼ÷߲Ϊڽ㣡
Ȼ֪Ϊ׷ϵĿ꣬òͣ齢ڽһһεմŲƣŲʮΡ
齢һŻɫǰԶԶȥʮֻǱ沼һƬƬĺߣǺÿľܱߣһȦȦ޴Ĺ⻷ﳤͬĲʺһ㡣
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ֻʮֱܴ½ڵǳС̫ˣ齢ǵĴ齢ҵĦĻ档
ڻǵĴ֮У洦ɼһȦȦֲĻ֮ԪУĻԪ磬ԴﵽһϢʮԶĿֲٶȣĿ磬ٵʮ׼ȷ˵Ѿܱ֮ΪˣҪΪǷˣķ紵ײһǽϣֱӱ÷ǡ
ǵߣҲ޷ܣΪĲǿǱĻԪĻǣУȴᵽĿ£ЩʮƯĺߣЩγɵġ
ӵĻУκԻһŻǣԸߵȼ˵ȴĺõط
ŻǣȫϹŷأϹŷнص㡣
Ѿִˣ齢
ӵճϷ
ٺ٣߰ʦܣǿɲһĵطҪСһЩ
ӵЦ˵ţ䣬ֻһҽУӱ紵˻Ԫ˷Ļ֮Ԫȫ֮УѪ
̷ǽסһſԪУһԪö˻
ճĿһǴȻûоǻǵΣգ齢֮УҲø֪ĶӻȻľ߳ȥ治֪ôͨʸԵģˣһȺ˽ؾѰôڻҵһǣ˵ؾеõôͻԵˣ뿪񹬣ǻڳ֮·Ĺ䣬޲˼磬̫ʧˣ
ճûоӻǵĿֲΪ˿ǵĹ۲ôġ
ӱ͹ҵˣٱճһͷѵ⣬ʱɫΪ԰ס
׳գΪҾȻȺһһܷüͷһ壬гЩΪ顣
ȷʵǵ磬Ϊĵӣǰ֪ȫӦԣҲѳܵģԷŻϿʸ񿼺ˣˢȥųɾŵĵӣſɣܶڻվվס֮ǰܷͬɵ˵


990 
˵䣬Сķɳ齢󷨵ıΧǽ֧ԼĻԪǻԪǱֿҵĻ֮Ԫҡҡ׹еķݣʱҪһ㡣
ȫΪһڵĶûС
Ϊ˷˵֮⣬ӵֻܹμӹŷ곤Ѿûֵˣӹ涨Ϊʮ£ʮʱ޵񺣳ѾǶеĶ⣬еȫۼڷ˵ģڰ¡
ʵϣӣûлɣֻɵΪ񺣣ûдԵǸ侳ǰЩӣͨʸԣҲһɾͰɲ⣬ھɣǾͲԶˡ
ճϿЩվվȵӣ΢΢ü״̬ҲǸոڻȥѣô
ĿɲֹǷӣ˹﹬󹬣Լһӳɼ̫ҲΪⲻ˱˹﹬һ
ڵȸĵ̷ɳ齢ڵҲȻǿǴҲǾҵľǿͨʸ񿼺ˡ
ȸ֮УкܶˣЩ˶ȸٮٮߣͨʸ񿼺ˣڷ˵ӣǷ֮УȻԪ紵þҲηǳȶ˿ûбǵĸҪЩҪǿöࡣ
ճϵɫûкÿ٣ЩҲֻǸոռѣͼݣóȥǶˣ
ֱһɫս׵ӷ˻Ԫ֮Уͬһһ㣬֮⴩ûκ谭еĻԪ磬ΧǿĻԪ˻ȥܿĳ֮ڡ
ճüһ࿴˺꼸ۣʵ˭
︱Ϊܷɣ񹬳ȴõʸ˵ĵһ
Ŷ񹬳õʸĵһǳ֣ʸ˵ˡ
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һʱ䣬ܷɳ˵Ľ㣬ܶ˵Ҳ׷ѯʴ˵ָоܷ൱ܣתͷ˵ӣҪ˵Ӷܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
Сͦģ˼ҪǱȱˣ٣ɵСӣ㻹Զء
һ񺣳ڵ΢΢һЦҲֻз˵ӵڵӡ
ߣǳȥ
Ǽ񺣵˵ͷɳ齢

͵ĻԪӭ洵ڵӻԪȻγ˺ͭӵķ֣ҵ紵棬ͬײһУʹΧ֮ڣûܹ
߾룬ܷɵĳ߸Զ
Щ˵Ҫܷɶ߶ԱȰɣҲûֳ̫ԵĲ֤࣬ǵ츳ܷɡ
ܷ΢΢һЦĿת˱ˣЩˣֵΪ֣Ҫſ˵ûġ
⼸ڵӵĺ棬Ǽ˵ӷɳǸֲףͬܽǵĻԪ絯ԶǣֻҪֵñܷɺõģͶܷɴ󣬶ܷͬģȴĲܷɡ
ܷɵǵЦŨˣʱܷüһ
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ܷҪӻ׹ϣһʵ׹ս㳤ҲʩչȫŻ˻׹㣬˻׹ʵġ
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׹ûûԪ磬û飬ԾΪȴȺΪɶŬ˱˭絯ԶǲǿЦô
ڷ˵ĶֻЩ˵ıȶûκȤμӡ
ʵϣԴ󣬻׹ȫһˣٲμκӵ֮ľۻᣬƽʱӼĬԣƺöһжĮԭ׹ʧأܵ𷣣ǷµԴڵʵܻ壬СΪ𣬻ҪΪ׹㳥֮Ѫȴ׹ܾˣļƷʥСҪٲͬ׹ܾ¼ƷʥС˵ʲô
׹ҪƾԼϳʮη֮Ѫծ
׹ͷβֻǼ򵥵ĽжһԵüΪȻ֮ͨУȴҲ̺Ų򵥣ݴݣͲһܹġ
׹Ⱥ֮УʼɫĮ
׹㣬ʵȻǿûп߶Ԫ˴ݡܷһ£ԽǿԽܼĶ־
ܷɵĿͶϣ뿴ܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
֮ǰӴ齢֮˵Цķ˳⼸ˣ԰׵Ϊ׵ľ侳ӣҲǷ˵ľӢδٳΪϵ
ЩˣȻûгſԪûȥ磬ֱӷ֮УǻԪ紵ϣǱյˣ
ǰ׵裬ڰ׵ΧԭҵĻԪȻ˳ޱȣĤݵĸоΧĵӶˣ
ԣ
Ȱ׵ԣ֮ǰܷɻЩ˵ӰϾ˭絯øԶڿֱСڴǰǿһЦ
׵ʦǾȻֵز
Ҳ̫ǿˣ˵ĻԪ磬˵ȻͨԪһԱյڣԻϵﵽʲô磡
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ΧĴӣ׵裬¶ľη֮ģԪǶԣͬҽͨ˶ԣǱСıܿǰ׵ǣֱҽ裬ȫһġ
ҲĿתĿ׵裬Ұ֮У׵ѾʧˣעֻΧ֮лԪÿһ֣ÿһĹ켣ȫĵӳǱȳ˿ľ֮ϸϸķĥš
ԣʥֵİܼĴӹ켣֮нԪת
Ǵ⾳Ի⾳ķ桪⾳ԪĻƻ̶ת͵Ļյ⾳Ȼã
оһ˲䣬ʼԺеĴ⾳·ͻȻʲôˣһ˿˿ĸоȻ
ʱԷ׫дĲ򣬴Ļۣ쿴һĻ㾦ͻȻڻͨˣеһ̣Ѿһ˿⾳ľ裬ȲҪʱ֤Լ
һֱӴ齢зȴûгſԪôƾ˱ѵĻԪ硭
ʲôûгŻԪҲʦһɣӿһĻЩɵˡ


991 Ԫ
벻ûԪԼƾջԪ磡
̫³çˣ׵ʦܹһ㣬Է⣬һ˵ΪʦڲɣҪһ̫ǿˣױˣʦܵķҲԶԶȲ׹ɡһ˵ڵ˵ܸоĶԴ⾳Ⲣ
ȻȲ׹Ĵ⾳Ǵ⾳ɵ֣ȴûУӦֻǸոץһ˿⾳ľ裬ھô˵ܷɣȻԶԶ׵һҲһЩ׵һĵΪ⾳ҪЩΡ
ʵϣڴ⾳ϵĳɾȷʵԶ׹㣬ҲȻ飬ŽӴ⾳ʱ䣬ΪŶߣаѿĸʱѾǳʮ˵ˣҲȲ׹ӶͿʼϵ⾳
з׫д򣬵׹ãϾϵ崫˲֪ˣһ׹Ҳ
򣬻ҪĻ۲пܣļܿɲǴײˣǾţҲ˵ġ
СһǵӲСճϺٺһЦΪɹΪ׵侳ֱ֣ջԪĳ̶ȣǲ֪ٻ۲ߵһģҲ޷Խٺ٣Сӷ˫ޣʵʵıԪײһҲܵ˰ˣԵСҲá
ճţҲûгֹУ׵豾Ҳͣ½ŲתͷǸһ˿޵Ц⡣
ʦܵȤҲˣֻһһ㣬˾﹬·С𰣬츳һҪã·СҲֻǿһֲ˶ãʱѾʮ꣬Ͳһ㳬ӵƣΪѾ񺣳ڶ壬һڣȫܱȵģɾʱʮһԪƣ硣
ʦֹǫˣʦֵĴԵ񺣾ʱʦҲܶɰ죬ʮԪƣһ㣬ʦֳԿˣڰ׵ߣ侳ӹά
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׵˵֮䣬Ѿ˻Ԫ֮УԪҲµķֱӳĳ
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һ˲䣬͵Ԫͬˮһ֮Уʼƻ
һ̽ؾ֮ھ֮Уӽƽսĺսɫͬһ뵽ЩŰĻԪ֮Уô⾳ıЩԪĹɡ
ı󣬼Ǵ
Ԫ磬ǻļ´Ӱ֮£ǻһɫͬɫ
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εȾ磬ǷϹŷһ峤Ϲŷ峤֮еٮٮߣµĴȻֻһЩƬҲΪ˵ãһܹġ
ǿаѿܽɵ
аѿգЩޱȿ͵Ļ֮Ԫʱ˴롣
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ճһΪֲһϢʱͻˣ벻ѾϢʱ䣬ȴҲֻɫѡ
Ϣ
׵Ҳˡ
ϢϢ׵ԽԽԾһֱϢʱ䣬֧Ųס屻͵ĻԪײɳȥԳٵٶȣصˤ齢Ľϡ
̶ȵײ˵ʲôֻһЩԪˣаѿɵķƬϾԼģԴ⾳ʼǲ㡣


992 ʴ춦
ȿȣ
ҵĿԣӽվɫ΢΢ף֪ȫһȦû̫ܵصˣĻָµҩһӾָܻˡ
Ȼղŵĳʧˣȴջܶ࣬Դ⾳һ㣬ĸоԵĻתɵɫĳΡ
ʼҪԼĲΪʵаȻܹɻϵƬɵĶֻܱʹãܲеĵͺñȰһѾµȻܹʹãȴңԶĽǿˣҲԼһģΪһʼûŪԭ
֮·øԽԽԵ÷
ֽ֮ȡһöҩȥʼϢ
֮У׵ճ϶һۣڱ˴п˾ȡ
ɵΪڻ֮мϢʱ䡭
׵лһ·СɵʱҲһ㣬֣ʦܶԻϵ·Сʱ֪˶ٱôģ
·СɵʱѾԲ޳ʼϵ⾳ˣԶԶܱȵġ
׵豾ΪᱻǱû뵽ȻϢʱ䣬󳬳ϡ
ճϴӦлԵԷ̶Ȼ̫ˣԽľԽҪδܳɳʲô̶ȣ˵á
׵ͷ᲻δͻƾ磬ͬսУʦڷȴ޵ˡ
˴ʱҲ˽š
ʦֹȻʧˣϢʱ䣬ӦѾ˰ɣ
˭֪ҲǵһǣҪҲԪһ¾Ϣʲôˡ
ʲôЦ֮ǰ˵ĵɫһԪŰ磬û
ЩӸ֪мϢʱǸʲôǲСЩԼʮĵӣҲеԾԾԵ˼Ҫ֤һԼһ
ʱ֮УͻȻһķ
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Էƽ˵ƽʱܼ
ұ죡Сֵĳɺͳޣôܱѱֻ߲ȸ﹬ѱģһ˿֮Ѫ㻯ķˣӣǶۣ
Сֵĵǣճɫһʮֲˬ
ȻˬһδСӵĹŷѣ﹬Ȼ߲ȸ԰ڣ߲ȸչסգֻһȣǳ齢һһ
һǳŮ˴ӣҲϲôķͷ
ճϳ̧ͷ죬ֻ߲ȸڷǰ治Զ֮ʱС࣬Ҳһɽһ㣬ֱӵס˴Ƭ磬÷һЩ֧ŵļΪĵѹƣ÷Ӷʱƾ˰ء
һ߲ȸһƯĻ˷ӵǰ棬⾹ȻһȺŮӣһеӶûС
Ůһóǣ﹬ֻŮӣһʳڵϹŷߣΪѪϼѣҲ༫ΪڣԵ﹬Ůľۼء
ǰЩŮӣλ񻣬ò崿Լʻ֣࣬ٸŮվһ⽻̸ݺݺ࣬ʱֱС¶㣬ɣӾɲһǿ
һЩеӶɵˣеռ˰˳ɣ龰
Щ۾ֱķеӣ﹬Ů΢΢һֱЦһʱճϵɫѿֱҪγˮˡ
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ŶԭǸôһŮһƮƮճϵǰЦ˵
ߣϷڷûʲôλ쵽Ҳһ˵ϻҲûʲôϣˣȵĹҲӦõģƣ˵ۿҪôôչؿޣʲô֣ŷôҲҪһġǻص˼ƺгƵŮʵ֮ϣ˵ȴмҷ̵˼
ǺǺǣ︱Сϴ֮Ҫ۶һЩԸ飬˹ڻɡ
ʲôҪ۶һЩǶһòãԭЩ֮ҲҪǷģȴ﹬ʹһЩֶνˣΪҲ֪Ԫ˵
ƲգЦû֦ҲҲûʲôóϵģܲԴô㣬˭˭ı£ܹ˭ҳҲСˣϴ׬︱һЩˣȴҪһᣬֻҪܰסӮʧҴ׬һʡ
һףôôģٿҡֱӻؾһö̸ӡ
Ŷѵ︱Ժ˪ﶼôȴ˵ռҪһöĵҪѰͻڣ⺮˪Ƿĵҩ֮һѵ︱ѾŪˣ
ƿƲ˵ţ͸¶һʤȯյĸо˪ǷĵŪһֲϣǻ᲻ġ
ʲô˪ĿһȻˣѾСٲͻھûϣˣöĵ˵ΪҪ֪Ҳܲʵջ̫ˣڶ˵֮⣬ʲôƷĵҪ
Ҫʲôֱ˵ɣ
Ǻǣ򵥣Ҿ︱һĳɼǷĵȡõĳɼãö˪˫ַϣ
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ֱ˵ɣϷʲôˡ
︱ȻǷĵˣôҪĵ¯ʴ춦
ʲôɫһ䣬ʴ춦ƽĻԵһؾѰżȻõûʴ춦߲ľ磬ƣһھȻҪӣ
ƣȻ㣬ǸĲ˳⣬湻ݵģһھҪϷ̣úã
Ǻǣлл︱佱Ҳ£︱Ū˪Ļʴ춦ҲǺܴˣ֪︱Ļǲأ
Це˵һԶǵӡ


993 ֮Ѫ
ͻڣת䣬ʱ֮ǿͬʱ˥ҲǱ
һ㳬ߣͻ񺣾ЩѣǳǧߣлͻǿߣһС磬ֻҪ޵ߣǾͲ̫ˡ
Ѿ꣬Ѿһ꣬ǧǰʼﻮƷĵ飬ĵѼʮֲףǵң̫ռ룬һζҩ˪ǳʴ춦򵽡
һʴ춦ķĵҲͲˡ
Ƿ˵Ūĵȫϣʴ춦Ҳûã¯֮ķҪͻƾ磬սӰ첻Ĵڳ˷ĵҲûҪƵҩˡ
ʴ춦ȻĿԺܴ󣬵Ͼһϣͻڣӳ֮ǾûʲôϣˣͣǱ˻ھˡ
ƾǿ׼һ㣬ŻĶԼ֪ǰпӣҲҪ
΢΢˵ƣ﹬ԭʵҷ֮ϣԼǰҪô
ȻģȻҪƽһЩ﹬óɵĳɼôг˰ɣѵ︱ѾԼµûĵ̶ֳȣ
𡭡
ǿһ۳ĵӣֿ˿ԼģĿڻ׹㡢һһɨ
Ȼƾ㲻ãҲиµĸоһ㣬оóӮϣ
Ѿˣɱ䣬㵹ǶϷָƣ׼ҵѨϷʴ춦ܾ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ︱ˣϹŷˣ︱Ǵõ鶼ĺأȷʵ︱ʴ춦ȤôĲأ
촽΢΢ǣƱ͹ƶˣԼӴΣûռˣбܵļƻͳԼʴ춦ģ϶кܴգջ̫Ҳܾܾ
ҵʴ춦Ϲżر˪Ȼ󣬵ҲȾԱⲻʴ춦ҿԴӦĶԼӮˣҪĶ
Ǻǣ˵㻹ҪʲôЦʵ·ϵǻӦһ㡣
һη֮Ѫһһٵҧĸ
΢΢üչԣ
֮Ѫȷ֮ѪҪٱǿߣҲһͻȻһη֮ѪҲǰ첻Ϊз֮ѪĻԼˡ
ƵȻҲ⣬Ȼ﹬λҪŪη֮ѪҪĴ۲С
ôķʵأߵ磬ĶһΣʵǶע̫ˣغĶԼ
ӣ곤ӣѡһҲԶѡֻǰĳɼɳǰʤ룬ǰĹŵùɣ
˵ĳʣػǵ飬ڵ±ȷʥұʵҲǿôַ˹﹬ĵʶŵӲ
ǰӹɡ
ӣ곤ѡĿһתͷ˿׵裬Ȼ׵˼
׵΢΢ﳤϣָӮ·С𰣬ҪʧˣӮİղɡ
׵˵䣬ʼעųƱһŮӣŮɫĮһƬ飬ü֮׺һӵķģȥƽһ޵ʡ
˾﹬˵һ·С𰣬Ҳǰ׵ľ֡
·С𰣬Ҳһɲ⣬֮⣬ҲֻʦЩܽǰ壬﹬óɵĳɼҲҪġ
ҧҧֿһĿͣϣֻǳĬûзκۡ
һѡһ
ŶƺЩ⣬ЦЦ˵︱ӸأеŶ
٣﹬ȷʵһȥĵӣȻԼܲǰһ°ɣϣ֪˰ɣǲŲųƻ᲻֪ĴѾڷ÷з飬Ѵ֮ܲ鵽
γģǲŻûס
ǺǺǺǣֻЦʲôҲش
Ȼ֪֪ڵ£ԼȻǶ﹬мģѾҺ˶Ըˣ˵ˣαǱǰǱȵһ
ãǻΪġ
˵ţѩ׵ƣҧƵһ
ž
һ죬ںХĿȴҲԵʮζݶԼʽˡ
ߡ
ǻ֮󣬶ĵ˵еӣһ齢
һĻֻЦ֪ҪԱˡ
Ŀ˷һıӰϣǷһ˿޵Ц⣬ϧжҲܼ﹬ҿĺأսھ㣬֮ĵһϧ⾳ϵ費ߣעιŷлԺܴأ¶˵أ
תͷһʮģĿŮ
ù÷ģȻľľģҲŶһùӮʴ춦ģʱҪ˼ġǽ¶ŮӽЦ
ǺǣٲСģ
Цû֦Ҳʱڷ齢֮Уһ⾰ˣǵɫ൱ƼȻԼôûգûס
ŷǸֻǰѾǷռˣҪǱܳɼ͸ˡ
ǶˣⳡԼϷ˵ҪǳҪغϷҸղŵĶԼҪһη֮Ѫη֮ѪΪҪģбӮη֮Ѫǵģ˭б˭ߣǿ߶ۺֵĶȼƷʥʮҪǵõ֮ѪԼڣѪõƣɵģͻƾɣɵģټ죡
ˣҸ˻óıֵҩĵرƷʥƷʥй׵ģͳͳͣ
֮⣬ڹŷ֮У顪ǰҲǶӦĽǹŷĹأеĽϹŷܲιŷ˵һԵ
ǵĻйĶԣЩһĦȭƣ磬·ֻԵǰˡ
Էͨ˵ûʶԼĸţһжҪԼƴԵǰʱϣҲҪƴȥȡһ


994 
ڷ﹬ӵ֮󣬵ϣ˹Ҳˡ
ǡǡ෴˹ԵӾӶ֮࣬УΪۣΪƣ˱ż˼
۷˹ееӶȢ﹬ŮΪ٣ÿιŷҲŵеӽʶŮӵĴʱ
ܳͷܵõӮ˹飬е˵ʲôõ飿
˹ӵ֮󣬹ŷڿʼˡ
ǹŷ峡һµΪʮ˲ʥƷߣʾʮ˲顣
ʮ˲ʮֹŹ֣һ㱦´ϼ⣬ʮ˲ȫ¼ϴ֣һ˵¡
ʮ˲࣬ʵϣʮ˲ûɵʮﳤÿһһӻǵرһֱͨ˻ǵĵغˣ
ۺǻͨǣԽ¶ԽߣҲԽֲ
ǵĺģ¶Ҫҽ򱶣¶ȣ侳ǿ߽Ӵһ㣬Ҫճɷɻҡ
ȻǺǣΪһƼ˴֮ԪĴ壬ñһСǲ٣˵ģĻ磬ͳ٣˿ֲٶȣһξǼ꣬ʮ꣬ȫǷΧڹη磬Ҫˡ
ֲڲĿ¸ǿ֪¶ȡѹﵽĵز
ʮ˲һ㣬¶ͣҲֻ˵һһ¶ȾҪԽҽԽ£Խӽڶ㣬¶ȾԽߣ˵һײ¶Ҫﵽҽʮ
¶Ȼֻһ棬ʮ˲֮ли󷨣ýе߱ĥ
һ𣬸߸ʮ˲ϿգĻҪħӻҪöֱ࣬
ʮһȻ֪λܣʩչͨŽʮ˲˻֮С
ĸоǵԪڱţӱ浽غˣ֪ʱ޿̲ŻǵĻ֮ԪɣϹŷĴǣҪûʮ˲սƷһ㡣
һΪ¯һʮﳤѾˣ
ߣеӶҽʮ˲֮Уܹͣһ㡣˵ţ˷ʮ˲
﹬˹ĵҲŷʮ˲֮С
һ뵽ʮ˲ڲĿռ䣬ʱоԪȻһ
һƬ𺣣ĺɫĿռ֮УɵһƬڱһҰ˸֮ʲô
ȴ֪һһֱͨǵغ˵޵׶ԽԽֲ
֮ǰܶĵؽ׵ڻǵرʱ֧ŻԪѾ൱ǿˣ˵ʮ˲֮Уӵ֧ŲסԪͬһ顣

⼸ӷһУۿŰ絹Ҫ˺Ƭʱһɫƾճ֣סȫ棬ҲǼȥ˱˺Ƭ³
Ӿ긦ղһ̣ǼΪԼҪûˡ
ǡ
ǿΧɫ
ûãߣ治֪ô쵽ʸģŸսʮ˲ֻһЩ磬ǾͳܲסˣҪǰ־ǣֱǷ
Ǻ˵ԭЩӵɫʮ˲ʷġǱӦ˳ƵĶԼͺܳأûʧڿԼĵôܲ
ǺǺǣ
ʱһĽЦÿȻ﹬ĳˡ
󣬸һȺ﹬ĵӣΪ׵һµ·С𰣬·СһŹ־Ϊ¶Ů
ǣ﹬а˾ŰŮӣǵƽʵȷʵҪȷǿһ﹬ӣҲάֻԪ飬ֻ֧ŵЩǿˡ
ʵϣϹŷ壬ŮŵıԸһЩ˵ҲˣߴȵķѪ׳Ůڡ
磬Ϲŷ˳ɵŮţƼ﹬
һ﹬ŷҪ˹ֵܲԴҲҪ˹
һЩӱ׾纵ѼӾӣ¶ЦֻʮڻԪȴͬһֻСһ㣬жû˿谭
һˣʮ˲ĵڶǡЦ˵˵仰µŮֱ˹ȥ
ȥԼ֧Ųľͣԭʮ˲ʮ죬֮ǻҪϿѵ֧ŲסϷ
ѾʼˣЩײӣʼŷľȥ
žӣԪԽԽң磬γ˸תͬһ㣬Ϊ߱ʽȥֱӻᱻ˺Ƭ
ˣΧ¶ҲԽԽߣѾҽ˾ű¶ȡ
¶ȣڳȻܳŵסǻӾԪģ֧ŵĸΪѡ
ϵеӱ󲿶˦Ϊ֧Ųס޷ǰвٻԪֱ鿪ʮ˻黤סߴ
Ȼ﹬ŮҲ˶ţȵʱҲʼϵ﹬Ůӱ˦ЩŮӱѡһطͰ
ʮ˲򵥵һǾʮ˲ԪֿϴֱԪľЩ˻Թȥ
ߵ壬ͬһˮأԪͬˮһδεĽˮĸɾѹեļ͵ڽˮøΪʵ
ǼΪ򵥣ҲΪЧ
﹬֮⣬˹ĵӵǸȵʮ˲ǧʱѾһĵΪܲס;ͣµġ
ǧǧǧ
Ѹټ¶Ѿﵽҽ¶ȵʮٶҲﵽʮ٣Ϊʵ̫죬γ˿µ̲ͬһ㣬̶֮
иǵʱܴԻЩǣǵĻԪҲͬҡڵķݣƺʱҪһ㡣

һȸǰĵӻԪ飬ֱӱ˦˳ȥֻһ˲䣬㱻һɫˡ
һĻզֹ࣬нǧӣһʮ˲ɢڲͬķΪʵ龹Ȼܽʶֳǧɣͬʱյÿˡ
һӴӻԪ鵽Ԫһɲֻǧ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬ʾȻ˶̵ʱ﷢̺⾳ɫЩӻס
ʵʵľ
治֪ʵʲô硣ţʱ˵ǧ͵ڶˣˣҧס


995 ڶ
Ѿǧһµȣ¶ȣԪ缫Ϊֲľ޴ѹѹߵĻԪϣͬĥһ㣬ǵ
ס񣬲ҪһζӲҪǶԻϵ⣬ɾ֧ǵԪкô
һ˵ţһ·ȥǧȣǷ˵ĵӶЩ֧Ųȥˡ
ǧ
ƾϵŽ˵ĵڻԪ飬һΪĹ󣬵˹ȥֱӱɫס͵һȫСǧ֮С
ʣµһǧ룬ѶȼߣԽԽķ˵֧Ųסˡ
˷˵֮⣬ĵӸǲֻʣ˶һˣǾܷˡ
ʱܷɻɣҲûʣ¶ˡ
̲סȥֵܼ֮УҲΪҪԽĿˡ
׹㣬ҵҪֵܼһܷţ½
㣬ߡ
ʱããĺɫ֮УһȺŮӣΪ׵һǳơ
Ϊ˵ȷˡ
ǺǡӸϹǷһȣǵ￴ӵô
ȻҲ˳ƣԵζ
ߣڶ㣡ƴµӣֱڶ㡣
һ˵óȫʵҪʿ
䣡
ӵһ㵽ڶ㣬ռȻһתֻоǰһʱһƬɫ硣
ĻΪɫ
ʮ˲ĵڶ㣬¶ȻһΣﵽʮҽĸ£ͬʱĻϵԪڿлһͷͷޣɱ
ĿռҲܵ˼ѹ
Ϊֹ׿곤Ӳ㣬ֻʣȵʮˡ
﹬ܶһЩжʮ˵ӡ
׵裬ڵĵȥҸӣߡ˵оڶѾӵļˣµù֧ͣŲס
õģﳤϡ
׵˵꣬Ѿ̤ڵӻһȥǰĻ侳˵ʵڲʲô
ƿһĻ΢΢һЦС𰣬ǵ侳Ӹϰ׵裬Ҫ﹬ƣ
ǣʦ塣·СޱӦһ侳﹬ӻ磬ֱ׷׵ȥ
磬ǰ׷𣬾ڻ֮ƴٶȡ
ڵһߣʣµĶںڵˡ
Ľ㣬㼯ʮµϡ
ԭΪЩˣǾⳡԼʤʧܵĹؼ
ûм³壬ھĸﱩ굫Ļ֮Ԫڸ̬Ļ֮Ԫ仯֮Уϵ
ʱܵһĿͶ̧ͷһȴ﹬һߣһʮģŮ溬ЦԼĿЩƵζ
ǰɣҽ¶˵㣬ƺɵʱսʤ˾ɵ˶룿
̧ͷ¶һۣû˵ߵڣѴж䣬¶ӦǶʮӣΪɣԼ߳һΪڶУһˡ
ΪߵʣŮ﹬֮ŮڽܳɳΪ·Сһ
Ϊ࣬ξͱȱȿ˭ȵΣ
㣿
΢΢һڵ״̬ǾԵ˵ģǶаѿջԪҲôһЩϣҪǸɴ࿪ɿռ䣬ֱӻ֮еĻϵŵûκ⡣
аѿ֮ҪԼĲʵа֮ɵĶֻʹãվԼġڿɿռ䣬Ǹȫ𲻵Чˣôûκ塣
׼ֻƾʮ˲
¶ԶעһУ΢΢𣬷ɹû֪¶ӵŷѪ֮УһѪһŷ֮Ѫ
ľţԻϵ׺Ͷȶﵽ˼Ϊֲľ磬һĪģƺɣ¶ڽȡñ·С˵ĳɾ͡
ű﹬Ҳ꣬ǧһţ
ûȤ½ǧˡޱ˵ĸо¶ԻϵȻ׹㶼й֮޲
Ҫ֪׹Ƕɹ˾ɣڶɾɵʱ򣬳ϴ񣬶¶ûоЩ£Իϵܴﵽ׹ĸ߶ȣ츳Կ֪ˣ
أԻϵ̶в׹㣬˽ϵʮ˲֮УÿжһҪȱ˶Ԫͱ룬аѿף½ȣҲǻ֮ǧѡ
ֻ½ǧ¶΢΢һ㵣ôˮƽ̫ȤˣƹùãȷļһĶ֣
¶ЩĿƣ֮ǰƲ֪ٴζ¶ҪС¶ΪжһҲ˶ѣ
УƲڶԻϵ⣬кܶطȲˣȻϵͻϵ׺ͶռҪһ֣Ҳר㣬ಿ֣Ҳῼġ
ߣûȹô֪治ӮҲǸ׹Լ̫ˣȻùô¶ͿΣڣ¶ˣЩ̵ļֱţһ¶һˡ
¶˵ţֱԪһ⣬ֱ㣡
ٶȣȻȲ֮ǰ侳ߣҲΪˣֱӿ÷Ŀ࣡
⡭Ů˭
ûɣֻɣ
죬ҶѾˣ֧ŵѾܲˣٷУɣȻɣ⡭⻹𣿡
¶﹬ųţ˸Ͳ֪ͻȻⲻˡ
ǿһĻпһ£ֳһָ֪ȥ׷Ѱ¶ȴķ֣Ϣʱ䣬¶ѾǱһǧﵽ˵һǧȡ

һǧһǧһǧ
룬ٶȲ
ֱһǧ¶ٶȲ΢΢½һǧʼٻƺӽ˼ޡ
һǧѾӽˣ
ôܣ
ɱӽ˻㣡
Ȼ̧ͷƣЩˣǡ
΢΢һЦһһٵ˵ŷѪ
ŷѪܣŷѪ˶壬ϹŷܲУô﹬


996 ҪľͶ¶
Ȼ˵Ϲŷ壬ƽһܹţǣҪŷѪȴܡŷѪҪĸ˫ѪΪŨôһֿŮ
ˣϹŷܲǿ˵ϹŷеĻ塣
ƽ֮УżֵŶڷ츳ģѪƽеľҲȲеͨӡ
Ѫ֮ڵĸܹ֮ưϹŷô꣬ΪǱϸͨƶȣϽѪ嵭š
¶ϣͲǳģϹŷеҲһյĴ壬ҪŷѪ˺Զ
û뵽﹬ȻŷѪĵӣϳΪֻ壬֮һϹŷ֮ܲУص·ŵֹ֮У֮ǰǾΪ϶һ㣬ŸҴӦⳡԼĻ򲻻ô
Ǻǣ½пܣһ˵ӵȷʵӵѪǡ¶лԵһؾ֮̽УȵĿռ֮Уû䣬һ֮ѰһѪأΪѪ
Це˵ⷬȻԽԽѿɫ
ǴʱĶУԭ֪Ů˲öԸģĿԼ
Ȼһóĺ˪Ǹ޷ܾΪΪʳھ޴ջǰϼһҲգһ˳Ƶļƣ
ԭָ֮⣬ܽһǰ֪㣬ڿŷѪ¶ȣҪģӣǸ˵﹬ǫóɳɼҲǰ״
ζԼӮϣѾΪã
Ըķ䣬︱㲻ڷڰɣЦǺǵ˵ЦǵУȴޱȵаܣȥŮһƴ
ߣԸķ䣿ƣһιŷвʱ䣬㲻ΪԼѾӮ˰ɣǳ˵
ǺǣǲֻԽ棬ǷɹĵӾͻᱻ˦ԽԶ֮¶Ӧͣڻ˰ɣôһ˿ϣ㣬˭֪أǵĵӣмĲģڵ㣬Ҫء
Ц˵Ŀȴϣʦֶ˵أ
ȫҲû뵽ͻȻͰìͷתԼһʱ䣬עĿĽ㣬Ƿ﹬ĵӣſ˵ʲô
΢΢üƵĻܲûشͬǲܵģǾθӴ˾޴ѹʱͶˡ
΢΢ڵʦĳͬ˼
üëһЦʦֶȻԷԵġ
ĳһǲμӹŷʮ˲Ҳ˽⣬Ȼ亣ڣȻʦʮִ󷽵ŵһη֮Ѫǡǡĳ޶ۣѪȷʵҪڶɵʱһη֮Ѫҹ̸ʦ˺⣬ĳȻ̹ҲֻƴȥһϣˣȻʦ¶ʦʮ㣬ݶԼ޶Ҹ¶ʦ֮䣬漰ӣҲҪ﹬ɵǫ˭ܳɼеһʤ͹˭Σ
ⷬ˵üΪƽȴΪڳ߶õһԳƵʣشˣһǿķһǡ
ȻһǷҪпӮĻϣ
ҲҪ¶󣬷¶仨ˮĻֻЦˡ
һѹ÷һͬʱҲΪ
ŷѪ
⿴ʮ˲Բ¶ڴӦĶԼܳô
ǲ٣ŷѪ¶ôˣ֮Ҳ׷ϲ࣬ᱻ˦
ӶΪһѺҲ˼ͬģܷɼſԣĻڰų˶Լ֮⣬Ҫ֮ǰܷɿ϶һԣǸղ¶ǿֲ츳ܷǷݰҲĴˣڶػʱѾģȥºڣս¶ǾԾûӵġûеҲֻܱˣܷҧҧͷĿ˻׹һۣȴ׹ɫƽ˿ûҪԵ˼
ûеȳƻشȿǣϾעǳģԼԸıԼݣҪͬС
Ŀһۣĵͷ
ʵϣ¶Ļ»׹ܽǰ壬Ҳռǰ﹬óɳɼҲûϷܲӮⳡĶĹؼıԼݣûķգӲҪ˵ʲôǾһЩֻԼʵص˵Ӱ졣
Ǿߵѡ
ǺǺǺǣƷһĽЦԹӢ۳꣬﹬ʱʦֶĴѾ׹ˣһȻǷãȻд飬ұӦˣңһԼӴһЩעʦֶӮҲ֮Ѫͺ˪һ绨ŮΣ
ƴһʱ¶Ź֮ɫڷһƵĻһ㵣¶ŨŨĽ֮ɫν绨ŮȻ﹬ĵӣһһԣ
ֹ֮УǷ˹ӣȢ﹬ŮΪ٣οһȢȢһԡ
ȻǼҲûãҪ֮Ҳ㹻ʵϲС
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ܿ˿״̬Ļ֮ԪȻޱȱ꣬ȴûһ˿һó棬оԼƺһʱգ֮ѹһУȻ󲿷ֻ֮Ԫȴ൱һѨ뵽֮У塢ѪǷǻϵѪգͱսˡ
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ңͬһ⾳Ҳϸ΢Ĳ
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999 
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һ˲䣬ĸܵ˷޼ϸС΢ȻĴǧ磬棬ǳпռʱ䣬ɽӺͺзޣϲľ޸֮ķˣҲзɽǿߣıϣϲŭ֣ϲݣȻǿʳǳݻǨһеһУΰ󡢺嫡أǧǰԼͬ΢һС
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һУֻȻʵĸоһֻ̣ʶȻһռ֮лϵԪϵҲΪܡĸо֮ƺһȴűˣȴŵı޹磬̺ϢĴ
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پǣӼĶʹõʱ򣬻Ҫ˼Ӧ˰ġĶʹҪԵ˼ȻɣΪһֱܣСд֣˼һôдȻд֣þ˼ΪһֵıʻѾסˣдɿ졣
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1000 ⾳ɣ
Ѿ׼˳ˣһȾȻʱ䣬ޱȾ㵣־ܹ֧һ£ܹ֧һˣЩ־ǿ忸ס֧ԡ
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ڳʾ㵵ʱ򣬶ڣŰϵԪȴڷһϵеı仯ԭʵȫɻ֮лԪܲס㾡ȫܡ
ǣھ˽ʱķ֮ڵаѿ΢ı仯ﵽޣҲ֧ŲסϵԪʱаѿ֮УֱӽеĻϵԪаѿ
һ̣аѿҵȼգɽ⣬·һöĽᣬڻ۵лԪаѿһչѿˣһöոµѿ߻¡𣬶ѵչһööɫСҶչЩСҶ̵ñۣǵޱأԭѿΪģһȦȦΧͬһССһ㡣
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Ϊ뿪һԶһĻҲֻ˳ʵУѾ˵ˣǡô£ϵķѪŨ˵ΪʲôܹﵽôߵĻϵԪ׺ͶȣֻǽһζѣȻõôͻƣôģ
ţǷḻޱȵҲ޷ڷϵڷ·̺һǿλͻȻ˶״̬ʼͻƾ磡
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䣬ÿʱ䣬Ҳһţ
ңе䵮֮ὥʧа֮˵ǱһλżȻϹаż֮зżȻõλµƬҲɢ䡣
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а֮ĻԪҲй֮޲
ʼʱȻӵа֮ȴߡ
ֻ㲻򶥼Żв࣬ʹбɽȴ޷ȡãͱ統Լʯʱֻܷа֮մƬԼȴΪޡ
ڣƾս˿ţɾͣҲ˿ɼѾһԾﵽ˶ˮ׼ԣר׻Դа֮Чɲһһڶô򵥣
ȡõķͻƣһ۴ʱ䣬һΡ򡱣
ԽתԽңöûͣµƣһר־Ĺ۲һУΪϵ飬ܸоӿĻ֮УĻϵƬҲб뵽ڣûյ
ķƬпɲֹϵǰ⾳еء⾳ķƬʱ޷ҲΪ¼ʵĸΪպûͬ߶ɾɵʱ򣬽ϴһ㣬Ȼڽܵķϴ򣬵ҲƵĹЧ
Ļгһӵʱ䣬һԿ̾ϣʲôԵȻһԲǵԸô򵥣ԸߵҲ˵ǰţǸ¶СԾ͸ߵףҲܴﵽСӵĳ̶ȣԶԶûͻƾɵʱͿʼӴϴ񣬼ֱҪˣ
ţµ񣬵ȻǲˣѾԼѻԪȫգԼڵĻֿʼջģôõųʳȣ
ֱʱȥĻֱʧȫ㣬Ŀڻռ֮У·˯ˡ
ʱΪΧĻԪɸɾγһƬԪյشԶĻ֮Ԫ糱ˮһӿۿҪûͻȻһɫĤĵΪģȻɢ·ˮһ㣡

һ˲䱻ɫΧˣŰĻ֮Ԫȫɫ֮ϣ󱻸
ΧӿŰĻԪɫڲȫһ磡
Ĳɫ۳˻棬ޣֲ࿪ţٲȻ˼ɾԴһ㡣
ǡСӡôˣţǾ֮ɫ


1001 
ʵ㲻ʲôǽϵ⾳򵽼£ͬʱӵдǱῡܲ۳ɹӵˣֻҪ䣬ɾͶˣ򱻿һ󣬿Ƿ֮ı־
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ػǼһѾԼǣû˭ܹĸóʳԾ
ǵʱ򣬳ʿԻϵ⾳ȣֻǸոսӴһ˿⾳ľ裬ɻ磬вһŵӣ˵Ǹ¶׹˱ˡ
һ㣬ǰػϵÿһرҪ꣬ʮĻۣԼߣ򣬼ϻʱļӳɣôһ⾳ǳˣҲ˵һʱ䣬ڣһνһΡ֮һ·̣
ܲԾ
ңɵƷǶеĶ⣡
ʺε۹⣬Щ겻֪ʶ˶ŵ򣬿ܱģ޼
ֵزһΪʵĸһ򣬳ɾ˵áڶӦǹصô෨Ƭ򲻶ⷴ֡
ţ״̬һζ̶һӵʱܶһγʱıչأˣһζó򣬻óʾò˼顣
ʺ˼ʱȴЩս֬Ƥʼ׷׵İ䣬¶Ƥ֮۵ļЩطˣջѪģҲһɫ䶯ţۿɼٶš
Ҫá޸壬аѿΪ֧֣޸Чãʱаѿ֮Уö״ҶɵĹԣ˿ٶȣȴǱŸ죡
ţϣЧ֪
ң򲻵˵ƣҲܶн˲˵ЧֻҪԸ⣬ʱҪˣԼһЩԪöԷظ
ָ̫ǿˣҲӦǼӳŲŴﵽЧСӵѾܸ¶ˣ¶Ѿϵ⾳żλӦþϵ⾳Ҫ׷ҪŬ
ţʱ¶ȴѾ뵽ǧ
ʵ¶ļޣֻǣ뵽ȣ¶ֻǿάһʱͻˣ𲻵Чǧȣ¶ǿĻ֮Ԫϵܹļˡ
㣬Щ֮Ԫǻ˹ӵԡ
Ļ֮Ԫޡʥޣ¶ɱȻʱ¶ȴͬŮһ㣬ĿĽ⣬Щ⣬ȼչŷ֮ѪʱüĽɫ֮ͬ
ǣȼչŷ֮ѪҲֻһƽɫâ¶ȴȫǣ
Ԫγɵޱ䣬ڣɾ¶ա
¶Ȼûн״̬ջϵԪٶȣȴƽʱĪģŷѪǿ̸
Ҫﵽ¶ٶȣǶаѿаѿյĻ֮ԪϾԼġ
ڰǧɫľаѿ׷µ췣ףƵľս֮У췣ƵľУͬʱشƣЧȻ췣վԼ˾ûˣһξͲʹˡ
аѿϾֻһŹôǿҲֻãָһ׹Լ汾Դ
ʱһһţ¶ǧļҲǼΪܿͽӽޣ㺹졣
״̬ʱ䣬źһ죬¶ĻԪȫ飬ӿĻϵ¶
¶Ҳûóʳȣ棬ͻȻɢһε㣬еĻԪ⡣
ȴ¶ŵļƷʥ£һ£ҲǼƷʥжĴڣֵڷѪǹ֮£Ǿɵڸͱƿµķ㣬¶վŸ˴򣬶ᱻ˵һëֱ¶ͼƷµþ
ã¶úܺã¶ԣƺԼͣҲһʼĻٶȣҲǵһˣ
ŷѪӵĻ淨׺Ͷȣ˺ķĻϵ¶ֻҪ¾򣬶Ҳˣ¶Ҳߣʵ벻¶ٶȲеһˣο¶һʼͱȱ˸ߣڴӶڵڶŬʱ¶ѾǧȫĻܳǧȣ
ùãӦٹһ¾ܴﵽǧȣǧǵĲ㣡
ùãĺˣʴ춦һӮǸƺڻڵڶɣҿôܸʴ춦İùͻޱȣպﵽԲôһϣͻޣƿ򡣡
¶Ƥ˵ȴЦ⡣
ǺǣСӣָҹԻأͻȷʵ⣬ǴﵽڶˣͻޣǾ̫ңԶˣ֪ǿ߿һأһľһǰԵò԰
ҵǶ¶ģ¶кܴϣͻƣҪǣҲСɵʱսʤɵĻ׹㣬ȻĿȡ֮Щҿˣ׹Ҳߣ㣬Ҳֻ˻ϵϣۺսǲ㣡ˣ㻹߳һɡ
ҵȻ֪ߣˣͻСأΪһɣҲģܱǰ޳ɣܱǰ޳񺣣ҳɾ䡢ʱ䣬ȵԽԽ࣡ҾͲţŷѪٶȣȲ
¶ͣս츳ٶȣȴǱȲԼ
ţ¶˵Ķԣˣλֻмʱ䣬ҲóȥˣˣΪӣͻƵнģȻ˵Щ΢
ʲô¶һȤ
Ǻǣһη֮ѪѣϹŷܲ⽱ɼӵġ
У̫С˰ɡ¶Ѫһη֮Ѫôϡ
㵱ȻںܽĲ㡢㡢ĽԽԽḻ˺棬ǽ˷ҶҪˣһҪȫԽߣԽ󣬶һ´ûˣ


1002 ͼ
Ϲŷ壬صľӣֻӣԲǱҲ󣬶ǱĵӣϹŷһɸؽ
ʲôĵӣڵһιŷٵľᶼǹƽģֻҪб£ӱϹŷľ޶ץסλᣬҪ̭ԺҲûвμӹŷʸˡ
ʵϣһųɾŵĵҪ̭Щˣֹ侳֮ս
ʮ˲ĵһֻǳʱ䣬һȫ񣬿ʼҪԣԼڲаѿҲúɿռʱ򣬽ƾԻϵ⣬ܹ
ȫٳȥ
һǧһǧӿĻϵԪϵĳȴԵһ֮УͿʼתɫĴ쳣͵Ľ徭֮Уյ
һֱһǧеɣһǧ֮ͻȻѹ
룬ÿǰһ¶ȶҪһأϵԪҲͣҲ֪¶뵽ʱĳ
ŷѪȻ鴫̾һǧ˰ʱѾϵԪѹΧԶչĻԪҲﵽˣļˡ
ŷеʱ䣬׷ϡ
ʱʮ˲֮УصһƳһ׶εĻеӣҪ뿪ʮ˲ͼ
Ҫͼطһʮ˲һͼ
ֻʮ˲ǧĵӣʸͼ
ͼùŷ顢ͼʯ̡ʯ̵ĵطԶŻ˳ʱĻĻƣֻǻͼ֮зõͼʯ̣ʯӷḻдϹŷ峤µͼʯ̣ܶ඼ǳ׵ģͬһ׳ɽͼƴһʮɵĿڵԶŻ˳ǣͼʯ̶һ߼޷ȡ
ʱоʸĵƼͼ֮£ǵͼаߣԷ˵ĽȻޱȺΰʮ˲˵ǾͲʲôˡ
λǣǶܲӵлýͼʸڽͼ֮ǰҪеһЩΪĵӰ䷢
ڵǰһʹߴͼ֮콵£ǻͼߣ飬࣬ϹŷȺһ塣

ʣڳ΢΢һ֮ǰ֪ʮ˲֮н
ٺ٣ʮ˲Ȼнÿιŷܲ´Ľжı£õĽӵĽΪʢǵĵһУӵ㿪ʼÿǧнܳ嵽ʮ˲㡢µĻǷл֡ŷ֮ѪƷʥĵرϹµıԴ֮Ƭȵȣֽǿѡ
ʹ˵ʱһЩμӹιŷ곤¶Ľ飬ִҲֻӲУ곤ٽǣǽȾҪСܶˡ
ˣڿʼŽ곤飬׵衢·Сʮһ㣬Ʒʥһ
԰׵衢·Сȼĵ˵ƷʥǵȻȱҪճһ׼ƷʥȴδˣϹŷУû˻ԼļƷʥ̫ࡣ
ҲӺ곤ӽȵĲ죬곤ӽʮһҲֻһƷʥҪÿǧﶼдȴǲˡ
ӣֻ¶һ¶ǧȣõνֱǽĽͽǧĽƷΪһη֮ѪһƷʥȻԶһɵȼ۵Ʒ
ʹ˵ֹ֮ⷬǶˣ¶ȻǧȣԭΪ¶ֻǿ㣬û뵽ôֱ࣬
¶Ҳ̫˰ɣһǧҲŸڶһǧȣ࡭
һ˹ĵһڿˮ˹ķ˵ӣҲٮٮߣ¶һȣûпɱˡ
ǰȷʵ󣬵һνõݽ¶֮⣬ˣ˹ٰףɹɾ˾񺣵ǣȻûһܽģȫ㡣
ŷѪ鴫¶һʼǵĲ˵δҲͻͽģĲֻ࣬ԽԽԶˣ
ֹĵӷ׷ĳɼĽĽ¶̾޷׷ĸо
ʱ¶ȴ˾죬˿ûʲôϲĸоõĳɼ˵Ӧõģ⽱̫ˣһη֮ѪһƷʥһȤûС
¶һԣЦĽȷʵ࣬Ϊӣһ֮󣬶ܽ뵽㣬ҲõȻ̫ܽĶֻеĲ㡢ֳ
ϹŷǣԴţʵҲǴŵøڵϡ
˵Ĳ㡢֮󣬽ȲſʼӣȻֹȫ֮УҲֻзëǵļܹõ
¶һνǧȣԺõĲ㣬ĽѾǰ϶飬㶼ôһ˿ϣ
ˣеӣͼѡҪͼʯ̣ͼͼʯΪϹŷ峤ģΪƷʵĻʯ̣ǻĳɼ¶ѡǽڶĵѡǻһĵѡ
ʹ˵꣬ڵӽͼ֮СһͼʱеһޱŨĻԪļ¡
ͼܵǽڣȫǻɫģɻɣӨ͸һש֮жӡ󷨣ȡǵĻϵԪø֪̽ȥͷ·Ļȼš
ͼ˲ʱԹһ󷨼ܵĴţһĿռþʤû˴·ĻһߴһôԶʧʱԹ֮У޷
ŨĻϵԪ㲻ͼʯ̣Ҳ°빦
ȷʵͼֹȻǼֵȴһ֮ϣ֪ķ˶Ļϵϡ
ֹӣͼе龰̾ĵطһԵˡ
ʹߴڵڲ۵ռ֮дͣһΰĴǰ˵ˣѡҪͼʯ̣¶ʼ


1003 ʮ
ͼ֮лʯ̺ͼʯ̣ʯγ֮طȻͼʯ̺汾Դ
ͼʯ̣һЩǰܻѴѪ̺ЩܶԴ⡣
Ϲŷ˵ǲͼʯֻ̣ǻϵģϵ⾳򵽼£Էմǧ硣
Ȼ˵ͼͼʯ̴ǳϹŷ峤֣֮ҲӺûͼʯֻ̣峤Ϊ̺֮ķ⾳࣬Щõͼʯ̣Ϲŷ峤ʱŻѪɣﵽɣʮɣǵȻһͼʯܹġ
Ȼһͼʯ̣һʱֻһ߲Ϊڲͼʯ̵ʱҪ֪뵽ͼʯڲ̺ķƬںһͬʱһôĻͻ໥ţ±롣
ǣѡͼʯ̵ȨͼΪҪѡһ龫Ʒͼʯ̣Ĵٽü
Ȼ¶һѡ
Ȼˣѡͼʯֻ츳֮ǰĳɼ¶ŷѪɼֱǺô࣬ȻѡҴҪѡʮͼõͼʯ̣
νʮϹŷʮ峤ʱʮʱſͼʯ̣ͼʯʮɣǻͼ֮ȻܶǵһβμӻҲ˵ʮĴǺܶӶĶȻȴҲ֪Ǹл
¶аʱʱѡͼʯ̣ǻʯ̣ʼɡ
Ҫˣѡʮ¶΢΢һЦ˵ʵϣĵӣŷ֮ǰѾоͼͼʯ̵ϸϣѡÿŵ˵ѡʮЧҪѡͼʯ̸߳ȻˣΪʲôѡ
Ȼʮ
õͼʯ̱¶ˣֻ˼ʣˣʮ֮⣬ͼʯԲ˲٣ٰ֪ǻЩ£ֱ¶˦ˡ
ǰ¶ͱʵö࣬ӵŷѪٶҲܱȵùڣѡõʮôӮ
ûϣϹŷŵķʽԴõĵӡһһٸͨǿ߶мֵö࣡ԣϹŷÿһ֮Уֻһõͼʯ̣ҪԲܶ࣡¶صĿ꣬Ƕˡһ̾˵ͬ£Ҫ¶˦ȥʮǧοڲԵȵ¡
ʮȷʹ˿⣬չѯһ顣
ȷ¶˵˵仹һۣЩʾζ
ȴӶʱͷҲ֪ʲô
ãٰףѡˡʹ߿ٰס
ٰ׾վߣһۣЦҡҡͷ֣ɣǽȥȻԸϣǿҪҶˣͼͼʯУʮ֮⣬ͼʯԲ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˣ
ٰ˵ţ֮ȥɫ
ׯϵͼڴһȺصͭţƿţһɴϢ
ڴ֮󣬶γһʱգⷽʱ֮УԶԶƯŴССڶͼʯмɴССֻм߼
Щͼʯ̣ϵ̶ɣеǲ֪񣬱ϵԪеؼϡеĽеǺʯʯͷ̺
ϡвϣԿϻϵ򣬲ֹֹâӳ𺳣
һ˵ߴͼʯ̣̺ķҲ࣬һʱ֮У۵ľλĵһķĻɫʯ̣߶ʮɣǷνʮˣ
ʮ̺˻ϵǰ⾳ٲֵڰ⾳΢漰ߵĵھ⾳
ûܽڰ⾳͵ھ⾳ֳΪʮ׭ߣҲûȫ⾳¡
Ȼ˵ڳȫ⾳ܣʹʮЧҲͼʯܹģͺñڲͬԪʯвɼԪʯͬܰѿɹ⣬ȥһƷԪʯȻͨԪʯЧõöࡣ
ٰ׿ſʮĽȴֻǿһ۾ͲٿˣĿЩϹŷǰµͼʯһһɨתƵЩʯ档
ʯ̣һƬ֮Ȼγɵͼڣγ֮ԴȻݻڻʯµ·ΪֱָԴĶ
γ֮ʷΪȻʷ飡
ܽʯ̣ܶγݻʷݻ򣬳ΪԷˣ
ȻʯʵԲ򣬱ΪȻĶûоΪӹͻɬѶټγɵڣѾ֪ʱ䣬֮ɢһɶ޴ѰҪȥγ֮ıԴ̸ף
ˣʯȻޱ󣬵ʵʯ̶ղأҲֻЩܣԼ޷ƿŻӻʯвһЩܻżãȻʡ
ھ͵ĵӣһ㲻ȥʯ̣Ϲŷĵ˵޻ϵ򣬶ʯ̿зĸγ֮ǰתȥܲٶ
ˣôͼõʮʯ̣ҲֻĳЩݣһЩ׵Ⱦڵżѡۿһ£Ҳǹۿһµʱ䣬᳤ʱۿ
ٰע⵽Ŀ⣬΢΢һЩȵ˵֣㲻ǶЩʯ̸ȤɣЩȻų̺ԴʵҪһ̫̫ѣ˵Ĳ̫ˣǰҲһЩŵӣҪʯ̣ʧˡ
Ե򣬵ʵеķӵǼԵ򵥵Ķɲ򵥡
ֻ㿴ллֵҸˡٰ׵ӡ㲻˱Ƚϵ͵Ҳûʲôģֻѡ
߽һʯ̣ͼĻʯ̣һʮ飬һֻһɴСЩƷϴâͼʯ̣ȻγɵĻʯԵʮֹӣ˵Ǵֲڣ
ɫĻʯͨʯͷƿ̵·ǳһЩطжϲ㣬оԶ˪ʴһ㡣
ǣЩֲڵ·ĪһϤеĸо·Կޱƾ̵ļ䡣
ǺɵϢô
һı˫ۣʶһƬ顭


1004 ʮʯ
һڻʯ֮Уͽ״̬Χʧȥ˸֪
ٰһԿЩ㶣ǽͼʱҲǼӶѣʱ֮ѡ˻أҪÿ˶ռ̫ʱĻֹѡ켸ҹŲꡣ
֣㲻Ҫʯ̰ɣûʱġٰ̽Եһ䣬ȴûлشʶأԳڻʯ֮УڸǹɲçӵĺϢ
µζʯ̣γ֮ȻγɣµĻκﶼҪԶʯϵÿһ·֤ıǨǳĵԻ͡
ͬʱʯ·Ҳǳ̲޿ռ䣬޾ǧǧ磬ǧ಻ȫУ̫̫δ֪ؾ̫̫Ĳ֮յȴ̽򵥵ķ򣬿ݻ˲󣬼ҲԲȫһ
棬ķԻԻ棬֮֪߼ʣ֮ޣֹ֪ʮʯ̣һҲһɼʮİٷ֮һС̺ȴԶʮܹġ
Ⲣ˵ʮ׭߾粻ʵϹŷ峤ʥĴڣеٮٮѾӽʮ׭ߣһӽǿߣķʮʱ׭̵ʮ̶ȿ֪
ǣǿҲһ߰ˣҲȲ𣬶ȴȲ棡Ϊľ淨
ʯ̵׭߾棡׭̵Ļʯ̣ôܸһ׭̵ͼʯȣ
һɼĻʯ̣ԴķҪȵػϵʮö࣡
ܹЩĻʯ̣ΪԳʵϣԳкܶ࣬Ҳû˵ĸῡھܶԻʯио
һ㣬ȻΪ֮·ɿռ֮Уһ൱ڼ̳˻ԪһִУ
һһĻʯ̿ѾһƬڤ״̬
ľ֮Уӽƽս龳ǹս΢΢ţǹսΧһɵǺ֮ĳΣ
ɼΪ磬γ֮δ֮ʵϵǺ֮
һƺ֮ѹǳ
Ϊһǳɺ֮ҲֻкҴСˣ
ܸоõʯ̣֮еĺսγĳֹֹܳڻʯĺ֮УȡеӪ
ĸо
΢һʯֻ̣кڰɫƣһصߣէһȫ֪Щ·ʲôʶУȴ·𿴵濪ٵ֮ʱ֡
һŻʯ̣ʯ̺򡭡иֳʯ̵֣ʮʯ̣Ϲŷµͼʯ໪֣缫ʯʮȵȣǵֻıţһŵʮţǰ׺硣
Żʯ̣»ʯ̺֮
һŻʯ̣ʱ䣬ʯÿһ·ʱ֮֮ǰ·Щʱ֮γɵ·Ʈ죬ɨǵʱԺҲܵӳǵ̬ϸȥ׷Ѱȴ־ǵˮƣ޼ѰԽϸ̽飬ԽģֱʶʧӰ٣ǡʱĲȥ䲻䣬ȴʷ֮УУδƮ죬ȴδ֪֮УҲ޷㣡
Żʯ̣ʯ̺ռ֮󣡡
ʱӦģǿռ䣬ĺɿռȻһз򣬵ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ЧȴᱻʱռܱΪķԭģγ֮ǰں֮Уʱ棬ûʱյĸγʼδɣδ֮ʱʱͿռѾγˣ̫ڣ
ռʯϣԿ̵·ǳ򳤻̣е·ɢʯı߼ʣƺǵĩѾ쵽޾֮Уе·̮һ㣬·ԢſռĹս㣬޷
ĺŻʯ̣лʯ̺֮
֮γɵĩڲγɵģܻл磬ٷУγǳǳ
зȻֱָ汾ԴⲢζǲʵϣԽǿγɵĶԽӡ
֮ľˮټķףÿһֱֶӦãǻƻ棬ٶȷ棬棬ڷ棬ӵԼļ£һ㼫£֮ǽķ޷ģԴҪתɹҪ֮ͨС
Żʯ̣ǳʯ̺ǳ֮
ȥǳ鲼棬ǳ֮֮Ȼ΢ΪңԶٽƥˣ̺˹켣ΪǹתͰ򣬲͸ǳ֮죬Կδ
Żʯ̣ʯ̺򡭡
ϵĿȥ֮Уֱʮʯ̿꣬ӿ״̬ȻȴߣٰѾܾˡ
˵֣Ǹóȥˣѡûа
ٰ׵Ȼֻĸо·ʯ磬ǲͬʱա
ٰ׿ãӣ̲סȰ˵֣Ȱһ䣬Щʯ̣ȻʵãҪǲϵ⾳Щʯ̫̫շˣȥǵĻѾôһ㶫ȴδõϵ⾳֮ϡ
ٰ׺ûôͼʯ̣ѵȻ֪ļȻţսϵģһ㣬ҪȻĻϵôô
˵ͷԼ򵥣֫ȻνͷԼҲֻЩţ¶˵ģǼ¶Ҳʯ̣ο
ȻţԻʯʲôȵ⣬֣ҿҲûãʱ䵽ˣǱȥɣŵùңҵǿΪƼһͼʯ̣㿴Σ
ͼеͼʯ̣ʮ֮⣬ͼʯƷٰ̫׸ղһ·Ŀ飬ֻѡһ飬һ˳ˮҲ
ٰ֪Ǻ⣬ЦЦ֣Ѿѡˡ
ðɣǾˣǳȥɡٰΪ֮ǰϣ;ˣҲû̫⣬һͼ
ʱͼ֮⣬ķֹӻڵȺţʹվͼ֮ƽ̨֮ϣӸٰףǶˣѡ𣿡


1005 ѡ
Ѿѡˣʹߴˡٰ˵Լѡͼʯ̻⣬ȻȲʮЩźǱȽ⾳Ҳպˡ
ţѡʲôһѡ񣬾ͲܸˣҪˡʹޱ˵
ʹߣѡ˷ɱٰ˵ɱ˵ǾɣʮֻһɣʵɱǳΣֻɣԴСֻʮ֮һ
ɱϹŷھ峤֣֮˺ŷ죬ڹŷʷϺպԶŻ˳ǵʱķͼʯǳԴ֣֮ʱûвʯ̵˶ѡ˵ʱõͼʯ̡ͼʯ
ɱ뵱ʱķͼʯͬڷ峤ƷԶŻ˳ǵķͼʯֻ˻ϵ⾳ɱ˻ϵǰ⾳̺رҲʹɱԶŻ˳ǵķͼʯһǧ˰ٱ
ãɱʹٰ߽׵ѡˣתѡʲô
źʹߵʣ˶뿴ѡʲôǿٰ׵츳࣬ƫʵսٰƫڷ⣬ԭ¶ڣڱע̶ֳȣƫƫǴģһӰƵ˷˼ϡ
ЩѰˣõʮ¶ˣѡʲô³ˡ
ǰҲû취飬˭¶ŷѪأҲѡ챮ʯʮɣһ壬ɱҲ࣬һǳǰ֣֮ҲǷǳģ
ҹҲǡ
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ţ
ͻȻôһʣڳ߶Щ£ʲô˼ҪѡЩûѡͼʯ̣
ͼͼʯޱȷḻǰĵҪ࣬ӹɣЩûѡͼʯ̣ǳϹŷ峤֣֮ǳԳ֮֡
ϹŷĳҲǷֹȷе˵ȷֹ࣬ΪϹŷܲдϡ̷ϵȵ೤ϣʮɹˡ
⿴֪峤ͳϵʵˣϹŷֻһһٶ
Ϲŷ崫˲֪꣬ϵĿҪΪλ
Щϣܶͼʯ̣Щͼʯ̵ȻȲ峤ģҪ½ʹãֻеһЩƷŻͼ֮С
ȻνľƷҲԶԶȲɱȼĴˡ
ͻȻһ˵۳ϺڳӲŻʮ־㵣
ʲô˼ѵҪȵ
ôܣ㵱ɵӲɣЩƷʽϲͼʯ̣һٿҲֲЩƷʯһ
Ļڳͷԣ¶ҲǲĿһ׸ʲôã
ʹЩĿһۣһЦµ˵ѡûѡͼʯѡ飡
ãллʹߴ˳ȫһѡĿͼʯֱ̣ǣһŻʯ̣ʯŻʯ̣»ʯŻʯ̣ʯĺŻʯ̣лʯ
ȫһʱ䣬㳡ѻȸڳӶЩһĿʯ̣Ȼȫǻʯ̣
ʯ̣ŷ֮жţûѡżһѡģҲֻ׵衢·С侳ǿߣͼʯѾܶˣͻƣŻѡһܲͻƿӾȻѡʯ̣һѡĿ飬δˡ
ôģһѡĿʯ̣֣ʯʯ»ʯлʯֻлʯϵѾôһϵѵǴлʯϵ򣿡
ڳߵ뷨׵衢·СҲǲԣ¶ǵɴһ˫û뵽Ȼѡ
һͼٰףȻĿһȻ˵ӣ죬Ҳ޻˵ˣѾˣѡȻ˵ʲôˡ
һ;ɻøԶԭʯ̺ķͿշûоݣȷϹŷͼʯһϸ书ؼʯ̾书ؼܸ٣书ûѧȥܸ٣ǶĵҲ΢΢ü벻ôɡ
֪ʲôôʯһǸǿ߲ģҲżΪֻ޻ϵģʯмصķ̫ͳ̫ܳʱ䣬Ҳ򲻵̫ණֻһðˡӣͼƣû׵衢·СѡȨǿһλᣬˣһ㲻ˣѡǵͼʯ̣֪ûѡʮвǼ챮Ҳģܶ򶼼챮ûġ
ǶһԪΪż
΢΢һЦллǰѣôѡȻһЩա
⡭ðɡ˵ʲôҡҡͷϸΪֹ˵Ļ¶еķʸ֮ǰٲ˿õ£ҲˣҲΣҲΪɣ
뵽ҲֹˣֻΪ֮
ס
ͼ֮ǰĹ㳡ϣʹߵʮϢʱ䣬ζĿһۣ˵ȷԼѡˣһѡͲܸģɲҪڣ
ѡˡ
ãҾͼˣʹߴһӣ֮ӡͼˡ׵裬·С𰣡
ͬţȣʹߵʽĬٰ׵衢·Сһ𣬶¶ȴǶҪһ
׵·Сܿͼ֮Уʼǵѡ
֮󣬱ǻ׹ˣ׹ΪΨһһͣڵľߣһľɣʲǷнһˣ츳Ȼ׹õģѾˡ
ڻ׹֮곤еľѡ
ֹǣѡһһҹʱѡ
ˣеӣѾѡ񣬴ڿʼʮ˲ͼǰȥﶼУ֮󣬿ǵճɼ˷Ϊ棬һʮ˲֮У⾳һǻʵս˳ɼߣԵõϹŷܲĽ֡ƷҩƷʥ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ѪͨʥֻҪб£ã
ڣɢ


1006 
ð̫ˣҸѡͼʯ̣úòһһҪһԱչظһصģȥʮ˲µøµԽôҲԽ󣡡
ǰǰ˹ʱҲͼʯ̣ȴֻ˼ѣЩͼʯ̵ƷҲûôá
ʹ˵ǿʱ䣬ڳǶʮֵ˷ܡ
һԱչһأˣһͼʯܹ֮򣬾Ϊ˷Ƭͼʯ̣䱾һ󷨣ҲֻжԷ˲Կ̣ԶֻҪʶϵУܲЩƬʱ򣬷ƬͻᱻģЧԽԽһ㵽Ƭʣ߳ɵʱ򣬾Ҫֹͣͼʯһʱ䣬ٴ۳µķƬΪΪʲôһֻѡһʯ򣬶ѡ֮󣬱˾ͲȾָ
֪ĸμӹüιŷ侳˵ҲڳδӴŷӵΡ
ǻǵһ˵£ϸ룬ȴǻȻ򣬹ֲùŷÿһαҪЪʱ䣬ȻΪͼʯ̡ϹŷӦóԴÿ궼ɳŶԡ
ÿ˶Ӧһͼʯ̣ҲΪⷨƬ÷䣬ĻȫԼһһʯ
Ȳͼʯ̰ɣȵƬһЩȥʮ˲
һ
ţ⣬ʮ˲ʲôʱȥͼʯ̺ƬޣҪòС
ڶӲԼͬͼȥҲ⡣
ͼ֮УͼʯѾպʹϵļ¼ֿˣֱӡڲͬĿռ֮УÿһռӦһͼʯ̣ҲһӦĵӡ
ȻǸ⣬ڵĿռĿʯֱ̣ʯʯ»ʯлʯ
ĿʯܣΧԼԼǹ⣬·ھվһ㡣
Χһоûһռ޿㣬Ļк׾ͽԼڤ״̬ȫȫĲ
ֳһϵлʯ֮С
֮кսǲçӵϢ̴ļ䡣
֮ǰѡʯ̵ʱѾ˳Ĳ򣬿ڻʯиһ侳ǿ߶⾳˲ٺô

⻹ļޣ
ʱʱȣֹ˼ٰڳԲĶ
һȻһ֮֮УǹսŷɫĹԡ
һѪɫš
⡪ɿռ䣡

һ˲䣬ͬΧĿʯȫ˺ɿռ֮Уһ˿˿ν׶εĺ֮ɢڿռлصţ˿˿һ㣬ڻʯ̵Χ
ɿռ䣬γ֮Ļ״̬ʯ̣Ҳγ֮γɵģ汾ԴĹ켣Կ̶ɵģศɡ
Ȼȫγ֮Ļ״̬ƾĺɿռ䣬ȴܼʯ̵ͬѳ˯ڻʯеԶż䣡
Щǳεĺ֮֮£ʯ̵··˹һ㣬һƬͬӡһԿļ䡣
ʯ̺ķƬȴҪЩͼʯзḻö࣡
һΪʯ̱ƷʾͱͼʯҪ߳һʮҲȫʯȡ
ڶΪʯ̺ٱѡ񣬶Ҽѱе·ɬѶǿߣʱҲ򲻳̫ܼȡķƬΪޡ
ôÿһʯеķƬڽ͵״̬ԻԪȡ
ڵҲһټʥֵĸ編ν°빦
֪ȫ״̬ʱţ˴ڣҡ
£תۼ䣬¹ȥˡ
ǵеӶææµµ֮ǰкܶӴͼ֮˳Ϊǲͼʯ̷ƬѾˣȥٶȻֻܶ࣬ýʮ˲֮Уܻ֮ϴ
ʮ˲ЧȻͼһЩҲɻȱͼƫۣʮ˲ƫʵãҲศɡ
µʱЩŵӣ׹㡢ܷ֮һЩ곤еٮٮߣҲͼгˣ׷׽ʮ˲
ֳͼʯôˣԽͼʯ̣缫챮ɱ۵ķƬҲԽܹ߲࣬ʱԽ
Ի׹㣬ܷɵٮٮ߲Ƴʱ
Ƕл˼ĺôصǾͽʮ˲Ȼһֱ뵽ڶǧŰﴦֻһͻƵ㣡ڴ֮ǰڶǧľѾǵļˡ
ǻûüˣܵ˴ĸµʱ˹ٰ׳أһͻƻ㣬ǧǸλһʱԪľӶ̾ǱΪѾ׷һ㣬ȴû뵽෴ԽԽ
Ҳû취飬ٰԭ˹еĵһţ˼ѡƷʽʮķɱٶȣܹģ
ٰ׶ﵽֳɼˣ¶ֻأֹǣвʣ£¶أ˴𰸣
ʮʱ¶֮ʱ·һˣȫƮƮ֮ÿ߽¶ʢһ
ɴĻϵԪɣ֮þòɢ
һΪ
ϵ⾳⾳򵽼ԲƼһˣ򣬿ǲҪһΣ
ζţѾ׵ϵԪںΪһﵽľ磬ÿһÿһ仰ΧطԪĹ
ٰ׿¶ĵһ֪Լ¶ĲԶˣԶɥʧ׷Էģ˵ļΪҪʲôģ׷˵
ٰȴòһʵûκϣ׷¶ĽŲˡ
ľ磬ڴ˵֮Уڳܶ೤ϣǡƶûͻȻһŮϣֱ˼飡
û뵽ȻˣŮҪ֮ϣҲж
ǿһĻЦҡͷôҲû㵽﹬ȻһţӵŷѪѪҲ׵
ңӵŷѪģҲδؾ򲽲
¶ĳŷѪʮãպֻҪ䣬Ϊ˵ˣ


1007 ˾Ѫ
ƿڵ¶֮ϵЦѾβסˣ¶ĻҪɫµĵѾεĶԼӦ˵ԼѾӮˣ¶еĳɼ츳պ¶ܿܳΪϹŷصʱƾ¶ĹϵǳҲܻüĺô
ɱȶԼӮʴ춦мֵöˡ
¶֮󣬱ʮ˲ǰ㣬ЩԪ˵棬û谭ĽŲһ磬һ嵽˻ǧﴦٶȲһЩҲֻѡ
ûκͣٵĳ嵽˵Ĳ㣬Ĳ֮УϵȻǿһ¶ҲȻߣǣǲ谭ĽŲ
ĲһǧĲǧĲǧ
һֱĲǧﴦ¶ŷŻ￪ʼһҲһգ
Ҫ֪¶ܳʱͣڵĲǧﴦ֤⻹ļޣܿܳ嵽Ĳ߰ǧȣѾӽ˵ˣ
ʱͽӽ㣬ȳɼͬһɸ߷بǰܡ
̫ǿˡ᲻׷ϵ
ǰŷѪǲʮôܱȵù˵ǣٰҲȫ޷ȣʵٰѾǶˣǽȴŷѪ¶עҪΪˡ
˵ǺܿûдͼгأȻͼ֮һչؾʱ䣬š
˵µʱһЩĵѾڶνͼʼϵ򣬶ûκζ
˵Ȼôģ
ܶӸеʮ⣬ӡԽǺĵӣ־Խˣ¶ˣͼֹŪζ
òûʲô˼ɣ
Ҿпܡ
Ҳô˵Ŀʯ̣ʯеķ֮ôòģ侳ǿߣʱ䣬Ҳȡ˶£ѵָѻʯеķƬչ𣿡
ȷʵ֮ӣرս棬ɾսʤ죬һܰ쵽ģεѡʵ˿µʱ䣬ܲٶоڰװ˷ʱ䣬˷ѻᣬӵĻֻһεģ´Ͳˣûʮꡣ
˭֪ЩôģҲΪǸԼΪӮ¶ԲűУ룬õʮѾ¶ˣ¶ŷѪҲǿѡ񼫵챮ɣѡʯ̡
ѡʯҲǱɣҲĸѿò֮ǰ˵ĵ˵ͱ˴ˣȷʵʯ̺ķʵ̫̫շ˵͵ĵӸ򲻳ʲôԻϵҲδԡ
ڣѾȥ̸¶ĶԼˣԼʤѷ̸֣۵ǣ¶ĲǧĽ
֮ǰ¶͵ǧֱһη֮ѪһƷʥЩ¶˵㽱ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳû취飬ΪڹŷʱкܹܶﵽȣõͬĽõ̫ϹŷܲҲܲ
ǵĲͲͬˣӵĲ㿪ʼҲֻЩܴﵽ
㣬ٰʱδܴﵽһҲǰ׵衢·С𰣬Լ˹ķʣ䳬һٶʮ꣬Ѿ˳УΪ˴ﵽѡ
ڵ㣬ǾǴ˵ˣһǧδܳһ
ӵĲ㿪ʼͿʼḻ
Ĳ㣬Ʒʥһ
Ĳǧ˽׻һö
㣬˵е㣬ǽ͸ֲˣ׵ļƷʥƿװķ֮ѪǷ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ
˵УǰŹһη˾Ѫ
ѪͨѪҺǸûκοɱԣһֻˣ峤ǧѪҺ㵹ûǳأӣ
ǼΪķ֮ѪܻһֻˣÿɼŪķ֮Ѫ
Ƿ˾ѪͲͬˣһֻ˵ıѪߵľѪһһʧֲ
˾Ѫļֵ޷
¶Ѿӵ˲ڿб㹻ޣõ˾ѪҲǺѺѣ
¶ӺʹĲĽڳӶޱĽǵоˣ㵽뿪ǵʱҲ̤Ĳ㡣
˲ã¶ҪϹŷܲˣ¶Ҳ˿Լ˵ˣԸ˵ĻĻ£ҲΪϹŷһ£֪жῡܻȢ
ǰҲռһ¶޸ͬŷѪţŷѪĺ
Ϲŷ壬ѪأѪ츳ʵҪء
Ϊʵǿ߿µģδػʵǿŮѪŨߣһѪŨŮ
ĸѪԽŨŷѪĸҲԽ
źǣԽǷѪŨߣԽӣǰֹĸŷѪҲϹŷҪǽҲû
¶ųĹâȫڸŵĹԣٰס侳еİ׵衢·С𰶼ֻˡ
¶ܲļƷʥ˽׻֣ͻƾɵʱ򣬳ϴգԻϵȣڼƷʥܹսƣҲҪ̫ˣΪ㶨µĿ꣬ǳΪǵһʱһ﹬Ϲŷ룬Ϊȡһη˾ѪҪģ
ƿ¶ؽ֮󣬿˵
֪˹ùã¶Ŭġ¶򲽲֮Ҳʮ˷ܣǻϵ츳Ŀ϶ͳϣһȻҪһһͷܲŪһη˾Ѫ
¶ѾŷѪһѪҺһѪѪٶһ㣬ˡ
¶ѪѾﵽ˼£ʵϲˣŷѪҲǷƷġͬһѪһŷ֮Ѫһ֮Ѫһô
ϹŷֲַѪֻѪƷʣıѪĶ١
һǱ˵һη˾Ѫһٵη˾Ѫ¶ڣҲܵס
¶ٰ׵˳شʵʱͼȴҲ˹ؼʱڡ
ʱȫںɿռ֮УΧƯŵĻǺ֮ĳΡ
ڿռ֮Уһֹͣˣƺʧȥһ㣬ʱǡһδƶʯ񡭡


1008 ƽս
Ŀʯ̣çءأǸĻߣһԼԼķʳ˿˿֮ںһڿռ֮У·޵ԶţԿصķ
缴Ϊ޼޼ضڣʼգ޷⣬汾ûܹȫ
޼̫㻯Уǳ
һģظǳĺ֮ݻޱӵеı仯̺˶̺˶ٴ
ֱ޷⣡
Щӵĵ򵥵Сݻϣ̾Ϊֹ
𼶵зʱҲоԼ·֮еһˮ΢
ʱȴ֪֮Уȫĺ֮У·ʧȥ壬룬޾ռ֮С
֮У֮Ļ磬Щ֮ƺ޹֮䣬ûб߼ʣƺСһ֮Уû
ֻĴеΪΥͣϸ˼лȻγ֮Ļ״̬
֮Уûпռ䣬ûʱ䣬֮ţ֮ζֺСһ˵
״̬֪˶ã·ݻǧַ·޶ݣݵ˲ϢɲҲ޷ݣݵʱ޷
ʱ䳤ҲãʱҲգ֮һ˲䣬״̬˺ˣ
ֲĸ£͵ıը
һ̣·ȫĴǧ磬޺嫵еһ𳹵ͷţ
飬Ҳ޷ֵǧ׷֮һ
ֲıը֮Уرǳĺ֮Ȼ˺ˣ
ʣʼֲĸ£Ļ״̬֮д
¶ȵĽͣǿʼ漣ı仯
״̬ʧˣǿʼ˶ʼݻΪ̫
̫Ϊ仯
̫Ӧ˶
һƬȵĸ֮УĲǱǴһһݻ΢СĿֿ΢ҪСױǿߣԴעԼ˫֮УҲɼ
ͨɿռ䣬ͨʯ̣ȴˡ
ݻףף̺׵΢̺׵΢һһ໥ȴֱ΢ƽ⡣
Թݣײ𣬿СĿ֮УȴΧתˡ
ӳɶֿ֮ʼۡСϣγһϵеӣֳʣ
С
вǵʣʵռ֣Ϊݻ
˵ģ޼̫̫Ул
ԭ̫ԭ֮
һԺ֮ǰδеޱȳп⣬Ȼ̫ʲôǳģǴܽͣҲֻ˵ֻ᲻Դ
ǽ죬ڿˣ̫޼ݻ̺γ֮Դķ򣬶Ҳǳĸʵʵڵ΢ϸС֡
ﲢǿ̸ϸС΢ȷʵÿһ֮УǳɽӺ²Լʯ̱Ҳ۶ɵģÿһ֮֮Ŀһһ룬಻٣ֲԵȵǱס
ףˮףףľףף
ף˲ġȻһֱ֮Уʵֻ֮֮ݻ
ڶ̶̵ʱڣڶĵĿ浮ݻḶ́ǣڽǧʷѹڶ̶̵˲䣬ȾһԵʥԵ
һ˲䣬·ඥֻþ֮ȻһһɲçۻϢķƬӻʯעϡ
ЩƬ岻գһġ
֮ϿգɫĺսҲʼɱˡ
һ˿˿֮ĳΣǹս֮ϣʹöս飬ʼҫƥĹԣЩԴԭɫʼŽ⣬ʱƣԽԽ࣬ԽԽʢֱ⳹û
һ̣֮еǹս飬ڴɫҫĽɫĻۣսڳƿӰԲɾ˻ƽս飡
ƽս飬ͶӰʵ磬γ־ռ䣬һսսӰ
ս鲻һֶָΣԳΪҪĹֶΡ
Ļƽսһߵս鲻ͬǴɫ˺֮ɫ
Ϊɫ
ɫս飬̺һɲçӵϢڻϢΪ編ĺս̺ĺ֮ǰŨˡ
ΪԣսȻƷֻǻƽΣȴһĻƽСսǿ
Ϊӵп侳ǿߵս飬ȳɾͣҲˣ
ʱٻµֻоһеʦͨ
Ȼ編ϵûֱӵĹϵǻ編󣬴ʱ䡢ռ䡢СǳȫУΪ棬һʡһ֡
Ļץסıʣ
Ժŵ˵һ̿ʼѾĽ汾Դ֮С
ţǱ֮⣬ŶӵŲ׽һ˿ӷ֮ķƬΪԼĳɾͶմմϲʱȴѾڷ֮гΣʼıԴ
ȱʵĲ࣬һʼʱֲԣʱƣᱻԽԽ󣬽ʱ۷֮·ţ¶﹬ǧ겻ҲȷδɾϹŷֹҪɾ͸ߵʥ磬ΪϹŷһ֮ҪŬУǡˣȱһɣһ㣬ͻṦһ
ʱţ֪䣬ͼѾһʱˣһʱ䣬ʯеķƬкܶ࣬ȡģֻкٵһְˣ޾֮УŷƬϴ
ͼ棬ȴٶȷ˼ı仯
׵衢·С𰡢¶ٰ׵˷׷ͼ֮˵ڶαչأҲ˵Ѿʮ˲֮һΣͼ֮Σȴһαչضû
ڶαչ֮׵衢·С侳ӱ仯̫ҲȻ飬磬Ҫջۣѭ򽥽Ҫһ֮һȴǲˡ
¶ٰף˳Ľˡ


1009 ܲʹ
ٰ׾ڶαչأڽ˵Ĳ㣬ĲǧѾ׷¶һαչصĳɼˡ
¶ˣڶαչعֱ֮ӳ˻㣬ﵽ˻ǧȣ
ȣѾ׵ϵʱˣ
߰ʮǰ׵ҲӵʱĹŷճɼҲǵǧ¶һȡõĳɼ
ɼϹŷܲ
󣬻һʱǧĳɾͣһ˵ȥǾ޶𺳣Ϲŷܲŵӣ
˵¶ֻҪ⣬δɾϹŷʮֹһִֹһʮɵ飬úãôһֿܳΪһϹŷ峤
Ǳʥˣ
ţȻֵϹŷܲӣңܲһЩҲ˰¶չԼϱ˼
ʲôܲˣ
ӻǺۼ߿е֪ϢֹĵӻǡƵȳ϶ǼΪԾ
ϹŷܲϹŷȨģ
Ϲŷ֮ܲУкܶʹȨĴϣ̷ϡϡϡϵȵȵȵȣЩϣʵȸֹ˿һЩҪְλĳϣڷֹ֮ϡ
֮⣬̫ϳϣЩ̫ϳ϶ǲ֣Ƕǰ峤峤䵽˴λ֮һıչǱޣͳ̫ϳϡ
ǵΪѾ޷ľ磬Щˣ峤λ꣬ʵ֪ˣ
ԶϹŷܲ˵ǳơ֮ҲҪģ൱ڷ˽֮Уղ󳼵Ѳһ㣡
ܲˣеӣȫȥӭӣ
ʹ´ôص飬ͼ֮бչصĵӣеȫƼʮ˲֮⣬ȴܲʹߵļģһЩͼеĵӣҲֹ˱չǰһܲǿߵķɣֻǲġ
һգ֮ͻȻƼһƬĿĺƣϯǧ֮£ϵХԭƽĿռͻȻˮһĲƣշ·˺ˣһֻ޴Ľͷ­˺Ŀռѷ֮̽˳ˮһ㣬ǧĿռ䲨
ͷ­֮̽󣬱ǳĿķڣѤžͬɽһıԼչڱյľ޴˫һľ޴צӡ
һֻ峤ľ޴ڣ˼ΪƣʣֻϵĹŷѪѾΪŨһֻ֪ҪĶԴ
ͽһ֣ԭڻ֮ϵ羹ǶֹͣˣǵĻ֮Ԫǰͬʿ˽ĳˡ
ڽ֮ϣһһŮһʹߣ֮⣬Ů
һʹߣе߾ųߣףļΪ׳˶ŮĽСֻӵؿڣΪصǣȻһβȻǴֵࡣ
Ⲣ֣кܶ壬ħ塢ħ塢ȵȣЩɵĴȺΪ뼫ΪңԶǶǧ֮⣬ȻģԶ޷ǧȣҲǼΪ˵ãҪһöࡣ
βŮȻ޵ѪͳڼѪѪйŷѪѪ
ҲҪϹŷ˵ֻҪйŷѪϹŷˡ
ʹû뵽λ
һ۾ϳˣǶ˶䣬ǿƵϹŷܲҲӵԺյλ
˵˶ܲҪְĽӰˣʹΪһ̷ϣΪϹŷʹ
ʹȻǳϣȨȴڴ֮ϡ
ְλ˵˾ϹŷĴܼңԴȡ䣬ǸϹŷǧ˵ĳԺʳסУȨ֪ˣ
ʹʮҪԺİͽţ˲ֳϻûʲôǵʹ㼸Դ޶ûȥ
֮ǰʹĹϵԶ﹬ǲŻΪ֮飬ƺݺݵһΪ˶ڻ
ơǵֹЦӭ
Ҳû취飬λʵ̫ˣ
ԭ̷ϡʹĵλʮ֮ϣǽӰˣλûѾˣҪȷӡĺѡ˵λߡ
Ƿ۳ƺǣһ﹬ֹϣһֻǷ˵ĸλҲһ㣬ûпɱԡ
ƹܻǵĺʹɫݣƽ˵𽣡û뵽λȻܾǶλ
ľϴһǧ˰ȴһֱǱޣ־ͬҸְӻϵһ·δҪܳΪһ峤ζЦˣأһǱޣڣΪѾǰˣʹʹߣЦ
һ˵ơǵﶼǿһ£Щ㵵ĿǺʹߣôҲû뵽͵ƽĻǼߣȻҲôͷѵǿ˻һزŻߵģ
˵ЦˣԭͲǶˣѡǱ̭ˣȲǣְõܲص֣δǰ;ҺõöࡣʵǱҲãְҲã޷ǶΪ֮·ߵøԶ;ͬ顣
ʹ赭д˵
ҲǺǺǽЦˣɵĻһ˵Ϊ˼ʶʶŷѪ¶˵Ů˲Ǳǿأ
Ҳδֻ򣬿ɼⲽĺ̶ȣܱ֮Ϊ˵ȴǵ֮
¶СȷҲ⣬ǳ壬ֻ﹬ϼ㲻̫Ժյܴﵽֳɾͣ£ܲף»ǳ˵ɡ
ľ˵ţת˳ơ
ʹһԭΪ֤ͨʵҲ̫ĺľǳƽʱ棬ļƹˣƺüΣǴʱҲЩˣ
Ȼţ˹֮Уһµع٣ͻȻ֪ղ󳼵ãҪ㱨ܲţǹϵǰ;⣬ϵ¶ܷõһη˾ѪĴ£
ǿǷ˾Ѫ˵﹬Ĵò
˾Ѫֻ͸Ϲŷţ
ǰʹӵеϹŷȫԴȨޣȻ˾ѪֶûȨ׼ȴܲ룬峤ǳϻᶨᣡ
һƽеļϲã˵λʹߴˣ¶һ֮УżȻõһѪѪأɾŷѪ¶˺֮⣬ҲΪڣιŷ֮У򲽲󣬺ʣ¶Ҳõιŷĵһ


1010 ˾Ѫָ
ţ¶΢Цͷƺ¶൱⣬֮·ߵԶ˺츳ȱһɣϹŷһЩţӵŷѪΪǵĳ츳ˣȴδ㹻Ҳ˵δܱ¶ߵøԶⲽһܺõ֤ˡ
ʹʱ廰˵¶ǲҪǵǣ¶õλǹŷһҲʲôǿȻ¶ҪȵģʮһֹϹŷܲǧǰǰǣֻǣ¶Ķ֡
ЩǧǰǰڶѾɳΪϹŷһͷǰĽʹҲǹŷһ
лϳָ㣬¶סڳߣ¶΢΢ʩһ
¶һ˿͵Цݣ¶ڱȥһʮ˲лҿܵߵһɼõĻһ룬һЩĽ
һ˵¶һ󼤶Ļᣡֹ˵ǺܲܲЩӴ˵վǸ̫ǳҪһܲĹע
¶óȫ
¶һԣԪ
ţİɹùãһΣҾԲʧҲԼʧ¶սһ˫ȭ¶˼ľġ
ʮ˲ļǻûд
ǿۺսģǹŷʱΪտ˶ڵġ
ȻûҲԼʮֵġ
ľ΢΢һЦͻȻڵǰܲˣһ龵ǶЩ
ͻȻһʮЦʮ˲֮д˵֮Ͷѣ
Ȼʮ˲ˣʮ˲һڲԳɿռ䣬δʵɣҪѸ֪ס
֮УϵԪγһԪľӣӰʮ˲еһС
ˣ¶ǰɣɣʺڴı֣
ǰա
¶˵꣬廯һ⣬ֱӳʮ˲֮Уͨ龵Ŀ¶Ӱͬһһ㣬ڻ֮ɴ󣬲κ谭ӿĻϵԪҵĸ¶˵·ůˮ
һ㡢ڶ㡢㣬¶ĳֱ룡

΢΢ͷע¶ߵķϢƾϵ¶ΧıԪȫתº͵ķ֮յڣһд⣬ᡣ
ֱĲ㣬¶ٶȶûκμ㣬ſʼԽٶȡ
ǧǧǧĬţǧ¶ĻԪѾԵƣ¾Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
ǧﴦֻ¡һ죬¶ĻԪ飬͵Ļϵĳ¶壬Ĥסˡ
ճɼǧ
ǧȷʵˡͷ͵ڵʱһʱҲûܴﵽȣһ˼ʱ֮⣬¶η֮Ѫ
֮Ѫļֵڷ֮Ѫ֮ϣһη֮Ѫڰٵιŷ֮Ѫһη֮Ѫʮη֮ѪһԾǴΣһʮη֮Ѫˡ
Ҫ֪׹ĵʱҲó˶ʮη֮Ѫȴۣ˿Ѿƴˡ
ھͽһʮη֮ѪڳῡܶĽޱȣǵеĺܶˣʮη֮Ѫû
ǣĽȴóƲ⡣
η֮ѪӵŷѪ¶˵𵽵ò̫
ҧҧڵ¶⺢ӣ츳˶ˣǾǳһ㣬ռ﹬л壬ǷϹŷ壬ҡҡʼǾͲֵһˣռ㾡ȫ¶ܹṩ֧Ҳǳޣڴ˶ϳһЩѪԴ¶ϵѪ֮һ
ǺǺǺǣƵ˵ЦѪ֮ϸһ¶ѾŷѪˣҪٽһ²Ҫ֮Ѫô򵥣Ҫ˾ѪɣⶫҲأ
ʹҲǹЦӣ˾ѪԴӱ峤ʱ䣬ڹŷֻ֮ŹһΣ˵ǷֹһЩ峤δܵõҡûеõһԶǴδܵõ
¶ĳɼõ˾Ѫһأ٣ҪʮֹʷλжУӣҪ֪ӵŷѪˣɲֹ¶һǲ¶ҲΨһƾһ㣬뽱˾ѪԶԶУ
ʹһ˵ڳöǰզ࣬ǿ¶츳ѾһּˣǸ᲻׷ʹһ˵¶Ҫ˾ѪҲһξ룡
죬ˣ¶ڻǺȺǻÿһΣÿΪ꣬һжٴϹŷʮһжʮദĴ֪ˣ
һιŷеõһףôιŷУŹھȺȴˣ
ƺγ֪һ㣬ҧҧ˵λϳ˸һӲԵָֻ꣬Ҫ¶ָܳ꣬Ǿͷһη˾Ѫ
ҲֻλϳͬʱҲǱ¶Ҫ֪˵ĵطϵйϵϹŷ֮ܲϵǧ˿ƣ۸ӣӵܣͨһЩʲ̫㣬Ҳܻһη˾Ѫ
¶СռңϹŷܲиǳ¶Ҫһη˾Ѫ൱ѣ
֪ܲһ㣬ԭͲָη˾Ѫ˳˳ֻһָ꣬Ŀ֮£ȥһķ˾Ѫܲ޷ЩҪСû㣡
Ŷ¶һ˿֮ɫĿ΢ƣƳ¶һۣȴСС΢죬սСȭͷһ䣬˾ӣȻҪƴһ˾Ѫˣ
¶һ˿׽ɫʣã£Ҫܲ㱨ûȨӦǣҪܲƶ±׼˵ǰͷ׼ܸߣǳߣߵǾǿѣ
Ц˵ʵ̫¶滰Ҫ˵ġ
һϹŷһǧӿ˶ţֱ޷ǵõ˾Ѫ˭
ʵʹѡ˵Щкü壬óɫţ˾ѪܲҲΪ˸˱׼ǣﲻ
׼ԼЩˣЩ巢ϵѱ׼Խһ㣬Ҳһʧˣ


1011 
лϳ˳ȫڷ˾Ѫı׼¶£¶Ҳģ¶սСȭͷ˵õһƬŷ֮ѪѪأѪѾ㹻ˣǣѪصƷȴߣҪһη˾Ѫ㾦ֻҪõһη˾ѪѪ֮ٽһ
¶һۣ΢΢ҡͷռҵĸ׼ôһ㶼ףҲ˵¶ܲƶģΪϿı׼
׼ǰƾ汾µõ˾ѪǶǺˡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ峤ѡ֮һҲҵĵһ
ô˵ղ裬Ϣϱˡ
ֽ֮ȡһ龫µ̣ʮָһ˲˼ǧӡЩӡϳɷӵϢģע뵽֮С
ѾմŲƣϢȻ׵ö࣬ٸһЩ󷨣¿Խ򼸸紫Ϣ¡
ֻһʱ֮͵õܲĻظ

ĿĻǰ֮˸󻯳ķûʶ֮УЩϹŷԼõĴģôӷ㣬ҲֹܷϢй¶
ü΢΢һȻϵܲǿѣǽȴһ
΢΢ҡͷܲеСˣı׼˵ҲûʲôˣܲҲǵѴϹŷһǧˣÿĵԴҪά֧ƽҲףǹŷ羫Ѫֶ֪˶أرЩ峤ĺѡˣ˭ҪһΣõˣ˾͵ò׼Ȼߡ
ţƻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ͵ء
΢΢һЦ˵ܲʾˣõһη˾ѪҪڴ˴ιŷ֮ǰ߲㣡ͬʱڻ֮ǧն
˵ⷬһԵĽʹҲЦҡҡͷоܲˣˡ
ʮ˲ԽѶԽߣɼʽ˵Ĳ㿪ʼֻһֹĶܽ롣
㣬ǰ׵衢·Сȼţʱ򣬲ܽ㣬Ҳﵽ˾ǧȡ
㣬Էֹ˵ǾǴ˵ˣأ﹬˹ֹһǧδܳһ
ǼϹŷʮֹټܲ壬µҲ٣϶ʮһ
ǵǧǾͼˣϹŷ壬ǧʱҲǳһëǡ
߲㣬ͲӵˣЩ񺣺ڵĶţҪһ㣬ҲǷǳѣʱڵ߲ģ侳ڵĵӣ
ǰ׵衢·С𰣬Ҳʮһѡ
ȣѾ侳Īڴ侳ӣҲڵڰˡھŲӡ
ȻӲҪϹŷô߲꣬ûУǵȻеģǰʱʹﵽ߲㣬ǰɣ¶ֻɡ
ɶɣȻֻһأǶԶ˵һɵĲѾ˲ˣ
ұˣ߲Ҫ󣬻ֻһ棬һ桪
˷򣬻󿼺ʵս
ǧնĴҪѶȱȽ߲й֮޲
ʹ˾ʵս͵ģԷһ㣬ʵս棬츳׿Ȼ̷ܵҲΪһ㣬ϾʤĻʵսֻǿδǰǱıߣȱ˸ߣʵս򲻹˻ëûС
ʵսһֱǽʹĽʱ򣬹ҲֻնɱٶˣɼѾõʱļ߾ˣ
ǧնʹֻ˵֡Ǻǡ
ҲԽԽѣΪԵĵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿÿһˣͬʱĶţ
˾ŰһǧԺðĵ˶ǰ׵衢·С𰼶ţȻЩ˵ͬҲ˵൱ҪԶʮİ׵衢·С𰡣
ĶһӮһȺô
˵˵ȥܲͲ뷢һη˾ѪΪŵĳɳ̫಻أ¶ڿ㣬δҲ׳⣬Ǳþþܸɴؾ̽գĥ֮
˾ѪȻԽ緢ŶߵĺôԽ󣬿ǳ¶츳ǿЩܲһӵĳ̶ȣǸԸȥðա
˵ָҪ󣬳ڴıһӽסˣֹǿѣֱˣˣ
Ҫô˴ﵽʵ̲סҲ˲λȻֱӿʡ
ȻϿɳƵĻϵȻô˵ܲˣȻҪάܲԸ˵ָ겻ƶģһ߲㣬·ŵľﶼﵽڻǧնҪǰ׷һЩҲûܲı׼ȷʵ˵㣬Ҳȫûпܵġ
·㡭һѾҡʼҵˣ˽е˽ܣ
ϳ֪˵ﵽ߲Ҫ¶ΪҲ¶ߣǰǰɣڻ·ǰҲǰɰɣһ𣬱׼ȴһĵң·λǰȻ˻߲㣬Ҳûڻǧնɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ԻǰҲûõһη˾ѪǰõˣΪҵİƶΪһη˾ѪҲǸһЩ幦£ùµˣռ㹻Ĺµ㣬Ҳʵһ±׼
µ㡭
ϱһεҡͷν£һϹŷĹۺϳģ۲֪꣬µ㵱ȻߣռҸ̫ǳûʲôµ㣬Ҫ¶ͱ׼ȴˣҾ㽵˵ı׼Ҳôôﵽġ
ùã˵ˣһʱ䣬¶δػ䣡߲㣬˴ﵽǧնҲ˴ﵽȻǰܹɹ¶Ͳţ飬ȴĻҲ¶ʵУԹñˡ¶ֹƼ˵ȥСȭͷ˵
¶
ùãѾŬȡҲڣңܲı׼ǷҲûõġ
¶˵ϣҲֻ̾һ˵ʲôˣȷʵܲı׼ı䣬ðɣ¶󣬵ܴһɱˡ
˵䣬ͻȻͼ֮Ļ֮ⷢ󣬻֮ˮһ㱻˺һӰŲͼ֮߳һͷɢҴ䣬ɢҵͷ֮Уһ˫۾ȴҹеǳޱ
ţǲôȻͼ֮дһʱ䣬ųأ


1012 һ
ն󣬻ǵ¸߸ȫһ㵭֮УΪڳѾƽĻ촵ĳ˿衣
ʱͬɽƮݳ
ǰľ˫Ȫһгһ˿֮ɫ
մͼгȫû뵽龰һֻ峤ľ޴գǵеӶƼͼǰ㳡֮Уڸ߿ջǶǿߵһһŮ
ʲôӣ
в⣬ͼ֮аĲ򣬸ûвı仯
ʱأʵעĿΪܲʹǰӶӭˣһ˴ͼгԵüΪͻأ
Ŷʱ˱չء΢΢һЦ
¶֮ɫμ䣬ʱȴһĽЦǺǺǣʦֶ֮ǰͼʯ̣Ծһֱչصڣһأôʱ䣬ӦջٰɣϾʦֶҲǷĵһӣԳأ
ƹҧ˻ʯĸ֣ͬʱֵĵһӵݣôһ˵Ƕʱһǵͨ죬Ȼ˵ջ٣ǿޣ˭ɱ֪ʯԲ񲻻̫࣬ȴô˵ѿ
⻹ǵܲλϳ棬Ƿǳؼĳϣ
ʯʲôܲôûòøԶĿ࣬Ц
ʵڵĲΣֵܲעǷᣬ飬÷ܲλϳĿ²̫õӡ󣬱ϾǷеĵһţǷ棬ֳЦĶ飿Ϊ˴ĸˣȻҲ޹⡣
Ҳã粻ƫƫʱĿλϳҲڣһƻϽͣ뺬ȥףԭ־ʯ̣һصûʲôɹҲûʲôϾ˭߹·׿һĵ飬ֵĳɼǰéڣǻλϳĿ²õӡˡ
ٰţҲƵ뷨á
ͲǶ¶ǸֳϣС¶ɴˡ
ʱǺˣŮ˼ֱһӻˮץסһлἷԼϻû֪ȥͼʲôˣλϳҲֻΪǵڶΡνͼ̫⡣
ϣҲֻѹеĲˬЦ˵˵ЦˣǷĵܸ󹬵ĸͽȣҲֻǼ˲ܲʲôҲһؿ۽磬ΪԺ»
ǺǺǣ︱̫ǫˣȴ֪ʦֶɵʱԽսʤ˾ĸ֣ô︱˵ôأҲǶʦֶڴúܣ︱˵ʦֶνͼʯΪ˴»أ֪ʲôأܲҲʶһ
ô˵˼ѾˣҪҲִʮ˲ͻеʱ򣬹ԼжôţƻҪһԱȺģɵʱԽսʤ˾Ķ֣Ҳ㹻Ҷˣ뿴˶¶Ÿֳ¶ĳ츳
֪ܲƵ˼ԼĵһģŮ˻ܸһ
ҧгݣȴЦţһźӣһΪı˵˵Цˣ¶ʦֶţǷͲ׳ʰ·磬ʰ·磬
Ŷղų˵ʦֶɵʱԽսʤ˾ĸ֣ܽʹǺͳ֮Ĵǹལֻ΢΢һЦöˣȻ֮ĹϵôǢֲȶԷһŵĻᣬȻˣûʲôоʹȴԳƵһ仰ȤǾɵΪԽսʤ˾ĸ֡
֤һʵսţ
ľҲˣҰɵɾһϴǽ˰󾳽磬ܹԾΪʮ˲ôͻƵ߲ͻࡣ
ʵϣѡھԺŽлֻռС֣Ϊɾ֮ǰ۵Խ񣬽ԪԽ󣬳ܵķϴԽס
˵ɽеһҲкôǾǾ֮󣬽طϴ񣬶ԷͼõҲʮ˲µøõĽڶӵݣûˡ
ʵʱľҲֻԸϾŷÿһαҪЪʱ䣬ŷͼڣôʱ䣬ܶͻ˾Ҳδأ¶ģʮμӹŷǺˣÿ˶¶ôš
ʹҲʵսţԷ򲢲УΪҲЩ⣬ȭͷȸߣȴ򲻹иƨã
ԣԸԼͬصź͡
ϳȷʵɵʱԽսʤ˾Ķ֣ʵս棬츳ǫ˵
ﳤ̫ǫˣֹǱ츳ֱǾˣǰɣܲܶҵθڣιŷҺڻǴܾãڴڻеıֲ֣ûʲôǻҪɱ˲Уɱˣ㽱η֮Ѫ
ʹһҲη֮ѪҲһʮη֮Ѫ
ȻһղŴʹĶԻ֮У֪ݳȻôҲû뵽ִͳη֮Ѫ۾գһ£Ҫ֪֮ǰǺͳƹʴ춦ĶԼ֮УҲ˳һη֮Ѫѡ
Ȼ˵ĵλ֪Ǻͳƶ˸߳
΢΢üۿŽʹӡã˿û׷ʯ̵ЦһǲȲˣֻ˵λϳھ¶һ»󣬿ܵһΣ
ţá
ͷȻᷴԡ
¶
ӶһڴѾˣʱ˵̲ס׷
Ҫˣ֪¶ɱˣˣ߰ˣ
ɵˣ¶ʵսδУΪ߰ôɱģڵõ˾Ѫı׼ǧնǸһЦˣÿѣ˭ܴﵽǰ궼У
ţһʲô˾Ѫʲô˼з˾Ѫã
Ŷ֣㻹֪֮ǰΪܲ˾Ѫ¶ܲûֱͬ⣬˱׼ܴﵽõ˾Ѫ
£
Ȼһһ׼ֻҪﵽˣõ˾ѪôԼﵽˣǲҲõ


1013 
ڷ˾ѪļֵϹŷĸ伮һѵʶ˾ѪǷĸڣһĹŷ֮ѪȡһЩûʲôǷ˾ѪȡһζӰ˵Դ
ȷе˵ѾѪˣǷ˵ۣ
򵽵жٷˣû֪֮٣޸Ψһģ֮䣬磬ֻһͷһ޶
ֻһͷŻһͷޣ⼸һˣ
׼ȷ˵ǾͲݻɵ飬ˣǻϵݻ飬ִƻ֮
ϹŷԳǷ˵ĴˣӵзѪʵϹŷҲֻӵһЩŷѪģϹŷڣѹûһֻŵķˣΪϹŷ峤Ҳʹˣȫ
һη˾Ѫζʲô̫˽ˣѪϡ˵һĻԵ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ츳һֱһ㣬֮Ѫŷ֮Ѫĸ죬ѾˣĶŻ൱Ĳ࣬ʲУͻп⸨ֻԵٶȻǲ⣡
һԱ¶֪ˣ¶С꣬Ϊȴһɡ
ٸʥصĶűȣʲôˣǿиǿ֡
һιŷ羫Ѫ൱
ʵܲʲôҪ󣿡
ţžιŷ֮ǰ߲㣬оڻǧնҿҪˣˣܴõ
Ҫô
һûȥȥһΣʲôҲȫ֪
ս˷ͼбչһ࣬ͻͽһĿ˵սûһ£һսѪˣôãͲһҵս֤Լʵ
ʱԶ죬ͼǰľ޴㳡м䰼ȥһģĽӵмʮɸߣڹ⻪ת·ͨһʱһ㡣
ǻ֮УʵսĻ
֮Уḡֳּߵͬ
һʮ߽ʮĸŶ֣Щʽ⾳ͬϡŹ֣˭ܹһ·ͨսʤǣǧնǾԴ˵սţ
ǧնҪʮ˲н߲ѣ
¶ǻζ󷨴ţһҧ˽ȥڻ֮ʧˡ
˶סſ¶ı֡
ڻ󷨴棬һŹſǳÿһͻһǳ
ſǷֱǣ
ɱһˣʮնʮնննն߰նŰնǧն
¶սֻ֮ǼϢʱ䣬һűζţ¶Ѿɱ˵һˡ
Ⱥ֮У׵衢·С𰿴öипǳǰˣǿԶû¶ʵ
󲻿࣬ģԵĶҲǿʲôʱ࣬ڣ׵ԼҲնɱİٶ˶ѡ
·СһЩҲˡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ڶǳζ¶ʮն
һʱ䣬ʮն
󣬰ն
΢΢ͷȻʹȴһΪȻӣ̫ˡ
ǺһЦ𽣣㲻ҪԼĳɼ˼Ůȣ㱾ߵø·ߣơʽ񣬴صȻ죬¶ɲͬ⾳ƫͣң¶ʵսӦûûȫֻǲڽʵսḻˣӦڻٽһ
ٺ٣͵ʽҿǻȭȣǸܶҵθڣҴģڻлɱҪ¶
Ǻǣǿδأóʵս٣¶Ѫͷ̫ˣղû˵ôһڲʯ̣Ҳôģǻʯ̲磬ѲʲôҲģҲǴ˵һܸ٣սԡ
ⷬǽʹǹЦһҵĸоҾսγɵֱʵʮ˲֮УҲϡƽܱ⣬ǻҪ¶ҲܴնĴأӽ߰ˣﵽҵĳ̶ȣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҲ̫áΪȻҡͷʱ򣬻⣬նǳҲ
¶Ѿڻлɱˣ
Ӽѣһ¶ˣĵԽԽǿĿҲԽԽ࣬¶һսҪͬʱʮʮˣЩˣͬеŵӣʽ෱ӣ˸ӦӲϾ
¶ܿ͸оЩ֧Ųסˣǿľǻϵ˽ĺ٣һЩĵˣϵߣˮϵߣϵȴıơ
İնʱ¶ԵĶ֣Ȼܹ󣬼ʽ໥ϣǵս
¶ʱеѹȻһսоļ󣬲ɼѵնɱ˵ٸ֣
ǳ
£ÿɱһ˶ѣ¶Ķ֣ʼĳɺɣζţʱĶ֣ǵ츳Ѿˣ
ȻۺսǻҪ࣬ҲҪԶһţЩɵ˵ĻǽɣҲǾɼţŵ˽綼ܺɨǿߣ
ͬʱ˵Χ¶ѹ֪
ʮˣٰʮˣپʮˡ
һֱپʮˣ¶ڵ˼еļޣȻһ𣬻Ԫ飬һӰһ̴ؿڡ
ɲǼͣ٣ʱʮʥһϮɱ¶ֱɱ

¶Ĵŵ˳ɫ԰ס
ˣնɱپʮˣ
֣Ҫ׵·С𰣬˻ǧóɼ
⻹Ϊ¶ʵսȽ٣ս鲻㣬˽ߣһ·ɱ߹Ĵʱ䶼ڱչ쵽Է˵ܿܿסһƿ˵Ͳʲôһչؾͳˣʵս൱١
پʮˣɼڳ߶ǰզ࣬ԭΪ¶ʵսڿνĲʵսҲֻ˾޵ķ˵ģˣ֪˦Զ
ٰס׵趼ĸоҲһĽĿ⿴¶Ľռܳһŵĵӣռұʲô壬Ϊ¶պҪˣ¶ҲһֹһܳΪϡʹ峤ĵز


1014 
ĸ˾͵ˣ˭˵¶ʵս
ȻˣŷѪţķ棬ҲĪģ㴳һǻǵǧһʱúĥһԼʵսͻ׾٣ٴʮ¡
šҲǵΪֹˣŷ֮ѪҪǧնǧնֱǸЦˡ
ڳٵӣΪ¶еϧѾǿ̶ֳȣȴԵ˾ѪһôԶҪ̫Ͽˡ
ҲǸоʧȻ¶ѾֺܺˣȻϵʱ򣬿˾Ĳ࣬ҲЦİնĲడԽ
Ͼʮ˲ͬʮ˲ֻҪµøǻĶǸģеĶҲڽ
پʮˣʵĺöˣô𽣣ѵжϣ
б۾˽ʹһۣʹЦȻҪҪģھΣ
ǺǣľͲˣնŵη֮Ѫִų񲿾ͳˡΪ˵ŵӷѪְ
ǺðʹһЦһֽЦ˵СӣҪҪһԣŮ˵ˣնη֮ѪǿǷ֮Ѫ֮⣬˽˴һ׽ӽͨʥƷʥס
ʹͻȻ˵ⷬڳһű˷
ȻҲҪ󣬽Ǹ߳
ԭʯ̣ȥһųʵеЦ˼˽⵽ٷ飬ˣսû˻ỳ
սɣ˵ȥϹŷܲ˾ˡ
˵ʮ˲û˻ῴǴȴ¶һµʱˣ
ҲҪ󣬲֪ܴɱˣҲ¿²¶֮£
ǿδأ¶Էֲ̫ˣһ٣һڲʯ̣˷˴õĹԻ編һЩ⣬ܸٵĴҲδӦõʵսϡ
Ҳ¶ܳɼһЩϾŷѪҲ١
ڳǣ͵ſ¶һߵͣ
һԣƲмƲƲ죬˵ҲǴˣڻ棬ǿȵ¶Ƿ򣬲ܸһ˵ǱĽһɾ;ˣսǿģδܱ֡
Ƶ󣬲ڳǶ֣ȴúôӵۣƫƫҲ޷һʱʯ̵е
˵ĿⶼϣȴȥȻȴʼδһĻ
΢΢һЦ˵λϳˣһ̣֪ɲԡ
Ŷʲôֱ˵ǣΪ͵ӣǿʤֱֵĻͳȥˣû뵽ȴЦЦĳЩ⻰ƺ⡣
˵ղλϳ˶˵õ˾Ѫı׼ǻ߲㣬ͬʱڻǧնǲǣ
׼ģܲģôˣ
šʵǣҴﵽˣôǲҲõ˾Ѫ
ʮ㣬Ԫע֮У˵ȫһʱ䣬˶ˣ
ǡٰ׶ŴͣһûӦ飬¶Ҳһ˫ɵùԲԼԹŷ羫ѪϣˣȻôġ
ڳƣһʼĴ֮ȴǿɵһĿһĽЦǺǺǣʦֶʲôѵҪȥ˾Ѫ
˵ûȤƣֻǿͽʹȫ˼˷˾Ѫ֮ϡ
ԳƵóüͷһ壬һСӣмΪջ뷢ֳϣλϳҲû÷
ʹĿһۣĻʮ⣬ѵҪԴﵽ׼
ǵģʹˣ
ǺǺǺǣͻȻЦǳţ»Ȼܲı׼ȻֻҪﵽ˾ѪͿԸ㣡ȷ֪׼жϿô
һ仰ڳ̲ס˽ۣǲ׼ζʲôɣ
˵ȷʵԹŷô˽⣬һǾһͷͼУ㶼ûȥʲôڻǴûѵҪһЦˣ
ﲻ׼Ȼʲôʧ̫Զ˾Ͷ˰
ǸоĶߺ쵽ǳһһʼѡʯ̾һɳܲôĳ棬һˣԼˣҲŷˡ
С֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡ܻĴʱȴ쳣ֻظһ䣬ֻԣﳤϷġ
׼һ֮󣬻ʱﵽˣҪڴһ֮ԣһֱĽʹҲΪܹаϣﵽ׼ֻΪǲ֪Ѷȡ
ڣ˾ѪһõͶһĺôȻԽԽá
ǣǺðɣʹӻʼʹָָĳɼ̫ȻﲻǧնѶȣ̫ѿȴҡͷʹˣʮ˲ʼ
ѡʮ˲ԭģһ̫̫෨ƬЩƬ֮УҪʮ˲ķ֤ڻͨ
ֻܽʵһڻȡøõĳɼ
ⷬ˵ȴڳ߶Ŵ͡
ҪľȻǻ󣬶ʮ˲
ӡУóʵսԷʵ˲ҹά׹š
󻹺ã̫ѿ֮ﲻ׼Ȼ޴̸ʮ˲ҲͲôˡ
ڣһҪʮ˲ı׶˾Ҫ¶ʱ򣬴Ĳ²ȥˣǲǶô
ƸоǷˣԼӲҪĨʺ˭ס
Сǲͼһ꣬һĻʯ̣ܴ̼ˣʹһ̨£ӲҪˣٲ֪ʮ˲ѶȣҲΪԼܹ㣬߲ĳ̶Ȱɡ
ţѾһʮ˲֮С
ʱʮ˲Ȼص龰ֱͶӰ˰УƬӰ֮УͬһǣԾ˵ٶȳֱ룡
һ㣬ڶ㣬㣡



1015 ȱԴ
һǣϵĲ̶в׹㣬㶼δﵽһǰ㣬ȴͬ棬û˿ĸо
編һзıԴͼ֮УĿγɺݻʵĹ죬֪ıʣĻԵδӵС
Ѿ汾Դ֤ϵ򣬾ͬ״ԪľμӿͯŵԣȻ׾٣ڻͨ
ԭϵһ⾳Ҳô򵥣ұΪҵ⾳ѾԲȴףҸûܶϤ⾳ıʣ
Ⱦʲô֮ǰֻΪһ֡
ȿԴ棬ԷɱˣԶŻ˳֮Բ⾳ԴΪƿ񾵵һأȴо֮ǰ⾳ֲ̫ˡ
˵ģȵıʲô
ʵϣܶྫͨϵ⾳ǿߣҲδ˽ȵıʣֻΪһֱʽ
ν⾳ֻܹʹãΪʲôˣȴ֪
ڣʵ֮⾳ȴҲݻ
ȵıʣ΢˶Щ΢ٶԽ죬¶ȱҲԽߣٶȴﵽ£Ҳȵ£
һЩ䡢ǿҲΪ⾳Բ⾳ļ£ⲻ֪Բ֮ϣиһ壬ǾǡԴ
ǿɣô뵽ȵıԴҲݻϾ߿ȥûаϵ
淨ʵۿ޷ȫƷ򣬱˸֪ľ͸ûˣЩҲһ̶϶ϤʵıʣҲܰЩڸͽܣΪֻԼۿݻ΢˶켣̺תЩɣ޷
㣬Ԫ¶ҽ¶ȵϰٱһҪĸ£ҪĴȱ֮ȴֻҪûϵ΢ٶˣǳɣ
ǧǧ
ϵ룬ʱţЩ֮ǰſЦˣˣǧʵʲôҲǸ׹ڵĽȲ࣬Ǳˣڴ֮ǰڻϵ⾳ʵڲôһıչػѡǻʯ̣ʯֶѹͲǽϵ⾳ģǧܸ٣һɬѶԻϵ⾳жٴٽã
˵ǲ򼫵챮ﵽȣû˻⣬ʯȡ˽˷ѽˡ
ôһȻôôȥҪͻƵĲ㣬ﵽٰ׵ˮƽ﹬ĺܶӶòš
ߣϾǷĵһţ㷨㣬ƾԪҲֲ٣ûʲôĲѶȻһΣô״ģ¶ĵһҲĲѣһ˵
ʱѾǧˣۿĲ㡣
£ٶѾʼˣԶһʼֱ룬ǧٶѾһʼɲΪҪһЩʱƷȵıԴ⾳֤Լͼ֮еõķƬ
˭뵽ԲҲǼ£ȷе˵򣬱ûм£ȵıʣɲǼ£Щӵ˶ͬӱֳĲͬʣҪϸꡣ
淨򣬺޷ҲһΨһģǾʵֻи㹻ʵݵߵķ򾳽硣
ʦ˵ĲȻ﹬ĵǷ׷˵ôȥļ޾ǵĲˡ
۶ǰ㷢еĻ龵СӻЩ£ʯ̶̶ֳܲȣȻܵĲ㡣
ǧǧǧ߰
ٶԽԽҪĲһأʵչʾǱ˵ľ̾Ҫǽʮ˲Լķ򣬳ۣµͻƣ
䣡
ʽͻ˵ǧŰپʮ˻Ĳ㡣
ĲǧĲǧĲǧ֪䣬ȣѾٰˣ½ȻٶȺΪһ̾Ͳˣƫƫܲϵ롣
һڳѾһʼ⣬תɴ㵣Ȼٰף
ٰ׿ǲķɱʮͼʯٰ̣ױҲһ͵ţʵսڣȴԽˣ
ôͼ֮вһĻʯ̣ʯܲôණ
ڷ棬ǿеĻ龵еľ־ϲı֣ҪԤĺ̫ˣ
ȻٰףСӣһײʲôǲ˼飬ھʧܣҲ֪ˡʼ벻ͨһʱ䶼ͼʯ̣ôӻʯôϵĵ
龵Ӱľվֻǵľ磬ͨЩжϲڸ߿֮Уȴһ龰ˡ
ҲŷѪڳ֮УԻϵˡ
ü΢
ҵĴôƺһֱϵĲ㣬ʹ⾳⾳֮⾳ƺûжá
ȫϳһ˵㣬Կþ˲ĸ£Ҫ֮⾳⣬⾳Ʋ÷Ͻͣ
ôˣʹüһ䡣Է⾳УۿصĻܿӳîڿ龵еľҲǿ֡
ûû¡ҡͷ
ʹΪǲЦôĳɼôСӶԻϵҲһ㣬ȻȲ㵱ˣûϵֻʵս汾£СԽԽҵθڣΣҪúһ£պִܲܰ
ִű̷µֱӣ൱ڵŶľŶ̷ִȨȨƼִŵԱһⶼóսĶ֣ʹִŵųҲ̷ϵļ̳ˡִŵĸǳãʹûɾܾ
Ҳһ𣿡ظŽʹĻƯƤһ£вһ뷨ҡҡͷַˣӦֻҵĴɡ
ʱһһţһʱȥˣٶԽԽȵĲǧʱɴ֪ͣʲô
ƺڻƺڲʲôƬ֮ȻϥУʼĿˣ
һĻù㳡ϵ˶ˣڸʲôһߣǳһܳɵãȻͣⲻ˷ô


1016 ͻ
ӣʮ˲֮еĻϵԪ򣬲ŻĳһһϺܾá
⿼˵ʱ߳ũصǰòصҪֲסȻǳʱܶԶܶԶ߶߶죬û˵ĸũӺʼĿⲻ˷ô
ڳȴû֪ʱھĲ⾳֮⾳Ի編Ϊ⾳һ򣬻봴ȫ෴棬ȴศɣȱһɡ
дδͻл𣬱ȻдСϲľ泿¶еңʥأǳǧ磬ûʲôַ
ڻʯпģ浮龰ҲǶַ
޵Ӵعޣ̶ٴӻдԴܶʼ
ڱĿڤ˼һʱ֮ڣԺǧٸͷŻʯеķƬһһֻоԺз·ʲôһ㣬봴⾳ɲǼڻͨ𣬼һֻأ
봴˫⾳֮Ȼ˫ۣΧԪϵ𣬵ͬʢĻ䣬㡭
ÿһС綼һδͻۣһССֻء
㣬ƣ
һ˲䣬ٶȻڶ̶̼Ϣ֮ڣʮ٣֮ǰսʮ˲ʱ죡
ʲô
˭û뵽ٶһ˲ͿҪ֪ڻ֮У˵ҪԼֵܼʱ򣬳һ㣬Խ죬ԵĻϵԽͣԼԪѹҲԽ
ʮ٣һϢܷӽٶȣʯҲ࣡Ҫ֪ʯ׹أΪٶ̫죬Ħȼ׹䵽棬ʱ䲢ǲĸʯͷոɾ
ô룬ĦĲͨĿԭ¶Ⱦҽ¶ϰٱĻ磬ǽֻΣ
¶ȺͶԻԪѹֱ
ͨϵ֮ƾӲ侳кڵǿߣҲס
һϢʮϢǧ
ǧǧǧŰ㣬ˣ
䣡
ֱӳ˻㣬ȥ
ˡ㣿һڿˮɴһ˫ֵĿеĻ龵һʼﵽǧʱ򣬳ֻ⣬ٵͻƵĲ㣬Ǵ㵣ǵڣѾǿ־ˡ
ͻƵ㣬¶ҲǾ޷ʮͻƣ˵Ѿ¶Ƹܲˣһʱ䣬ͼвʯ̣ʯ̣ǲһܸ٣вһЩϼѣ¶ʮͼ֮õͼʯ̣¶ԭԻϵͱǿôܱԽҲţ
ôأ֮ǰٶѾˣôͻȻô࣡﹬ҲǲԣԭӦѾ˲ǡ
ڷӡٰסҲǿϡͿЩûӦĴع̫ˣһʼʱļ٣ѸټֹͣͻȻˣһ⵽ô£
˵ǵûӦʹҲɵˣԭΪʵսɫôҲͻȻôţʹ˵ʮ˲ʱҲֻǵյѣ⻹ڹŷ׽ʱ򣬿ڲŽһʱ䡣
ʹɴһ˫ţۣ˿еĻ龵ֿ˿⡭⵽ô¡ôˣСΪʲôͻȻͷˣⱾ£ղŸţƵģ
ɫӣл龵еľһȻ֮ǰĸоûСӣĿ֮»˵һڽܿˣһ
ˣֻҪؾУҪҪɼȻҪһĴҪһЩ
СӣһʼٶӦƷ򣬽֮еĻϵһһ֤ڣˣӦûѹȣںϡ
Է⾳˽úҲڹŷʱ֮ǰжϣܿôԭ
ʲôǿȻڽСҲ̫˰ɣȫǵĿ˷ˣʹһʱӵۣҲӣʵĵ£ɿ൱͵ġ
׼ȷ˵ոմͼгԷδӦõʵս֮Уڻͨ治ţһǻʯ̣
˵ĲͻȻپΪ˽ʮ˲ĻϵѹںϷ򣬽ʵһ
ϵǰ⾳ȡ𡢴óصͼϵڳеĶҪ׵衢·С侳ǿߣվ߶ȵĲͬһ˽ⱾԴһֻͣӦõĳ̶ȣȻ
һԺȴ˸һͷҪ⾳ںϣ
⾳˸߾磬ǿںϵģһ֪˵ǻϵ⾳֮ںϣǲͬģҲںϣ
ʱռ䡣
֮ǰϵͻϵںϣɱըʽȴǷںϣǳֻǷϡ
ֻǼ򵥵ܱںǾͲˡ
ҲûָһԾɻϵ⾳ںϣֻҵһںϵ¿ͷѣ𲽾Ѿ㹻ˡ
ǧǧǧ
ÿʮϢʱ䣬ͼһǧڣҲܵ˾޴ѹ⼸൱ںǱٴУ֧Ҳ൱ѡ
ѹ֮£ȴҲܵ˼ĺô
е⾳Ƭ·ˣ֮Уࡢ⡢Ĥںϣ
һ˿˿ģĹͷ֮ϣγعӵĹġĳ˵ڵ屾һͼʯֻ̣⾳ǳˣĹͷ԰ڳ˲ˡ
ǧٶѾˣȻʮ٣ǧ¶֮ǰﵽȣ
ȣζ¶ڵٶȣܻܿὫĳƣ
һ̣ڳס˺¶ǽסһ˫ȭ۾һգգĶеĻ龵
ȻҪ׷ˣôҵķ⾳һʼͱһأŷѪʮǻͼ֮õͼʯֻ̣ǻʯ̣ɬѶ˵һ֮Ӧ˦ԶڣȻԽңΪʲô
¶оܲˣҲܲˣ˶ɴ۾ڵٶѾ͵ʮ٣ʮҲ˲ãһϢǶʮ
¶ƴʱʲô̬ȴȫӰһ˹ȥǧĽޣƵú


1017 ʢɣаѿ
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ȻƲɵƣû˻ỳܳǧĽޣľͱһƣڳ߻ֻεĸо¶ŷѪʮмǲɳԽĴڣһֱֽķʽ˦
ң¶ʱٶȣȻʮ٣
ǧĽޣ¶Ȼһҧ촽һ̣в֪ʲôоȻ¶Լ츳ĻҲ㲻ϾޣǣҲ޷Լոո¶ͷǣͱһԼߵͬĳԽˣһ֮ǰԶԶ˦
¶ܹԼһʼͲˣȴܲһʼԶԼˣһʱͳԽԼҫͽݺݵ飡
Ķ˶ҡԼɣǲʱ֮Ů֮ŮĻôȱ˲ôࣿ
ǧǧȣһֱڼһϢʮһ㣨һϢʱǧ
ǧʱΧ¶Ѿҽ¶ȵٱϣ¶ȣټڻ֮мٵĴУܱϵԪĦƷʥԳܣ
ȴܳܵס⵱Ȼ˵ķҪȼƷʥҪ̣ûϵ򣬲ϵĻЩĻ֮
ڳ߶Ѿ˵ˣƣѵҪƵ㣿
ƻţǧ겻Ϲŷ壬ʮҲǶʮһѣЩˣδкܴϣΪֹ
ˣ⻹ڹŷʱģֻҪŷ֮ǰܳƻ㣬ɹ
ڣŷŽһ룬¶ҲǧѣȴѾµˣ
ôȥпڻ֮ǰ߲㣬ֱ
߲㰡˵е֮򣡡һţ߲㣬Ϊӵ֮ӵƺΪһ̤߲㣬δмĿܣΪϹŷ峤Ϲŷˣ
֣ӣ벻ͨӻʯôôĻϵ򣿡
ֲѯʵõ˾Ѫı׼ôǧնҲϣģڲУһ֮ڹŷ֮ǰҲܴﵽ
˾Ѫ붼롭
˾ѪЩӶ¶Ľ飬˵Ƿ˾Ѫһη֮Ѫϲˣϣ֮Ѫ֮ѪǸͲ룬ڷ˾ѪǸǴ˵еĴڣλ֮ƽһңɼ
Щ۵ʱڳ˻ƣ㣡
㣬¶ٶﵽҽ¶ȵٱڵĿռ֮УϵԪһϸСĵͼ֮Уֱ
ĻԪǼ򵥵ĳҺͱŰܹͼ
˵֮ǰĻԪһȺɢ£ô֮󣬻Ԫ㲼ó˾ӷ󣬳ɱ
ԵѹԶǵܹģ
ԹϹŷپֹ㣬ﵽ߲֮٣·Ҳǰɵʱ򣬲ǿƵ߲㡣
Ҳоѹٶ轵
ˣٶѾ轵һ٣Ӧܴﵽһǧȣ뵽߲㣬ȴûˡڹŷ֮ǰȴһЩϣﵽη˾Ѫȷʵпõսܲ׼ʱ
֮У۾һգգĶŻ龵˵
ԻϵİռΪ׼ȷ֮ǰʵʱͿˣֻǲŲû˵ˡȻʵĿܣΪѹںط
жϵĲڵ˵ѹȻԽԽãʱʵֻѹ㣬ںʧܡ
ȷʵѾ˴ŵ֧ţҲӽޣǵ죬ĻԪѾˡ
ţ٣
üһһȻ죬ĻԪεŨѣһ٣ܵѹҲǼǰٶȽͨٶȣµøһЩһǧﶼ岻
֪ˣķںѾ˹ؼ㣬ʱһ٣һ񣬿ǣôȥҲ֧Ųסġ
һ٣ѹͻٴνͣڻϵ⾳ںؼʱڣȴƫƫ޷ɹָоѾﵽ˷еˮǾͲһѻ𣬲ܷڡ
ڷͻǰ
̸֧ף
ھͿûпڻԪױ֮ǰɷĳںϣںϵĻʧҲֵˣδһ֮ڳƵ߲⣡
ɻеǧնôܵõϹŷῡܣϡķ˾Ѫ
ǣ
ԪԽԽ࣬ںϣȴʼջһ΢΢̾ϢϧˣͲһһٶ˥ߣڵһγںϾͳɹĻԷߺܶ·ʡʱ䡣
˵ţ󣬲ʱΪ˶Ŀ߲㣬ȫѻȸԺĴ˺Զĵط
ڳĽ˵֪ʲôʹǶΪϧƾڵĳɾͣҲҪͻ·й֮޲ˣ
˶ΪںϷȻճʱȴȫȫ־ע˵֮У
˫緱һ˫Ȼһҫ۵Ĺʡ
ʢɣаѿ
ˡ
֮Уƽսľ֮ȫΧϵԪ翪ʼֱӿ룬ȴһɵɫѹӿӲıѱľ֮У糱ˮһ
ĻԪ̫Ũˣһٶһ𣬶Ļ֮Уһаѿչ֦Ҷ
ʲôʲôʹһʱɴ˫ۡ
죬ǡƽս飡˻ƽս飿ֱǡ˼飡
ƽս飬һ侳ǿ߲򣬶һҪ侳ǿеٮٮߣ˵ӣ˵ȵȡ
һЩ侳ǿߣ統ϵϹħͷҲԲսѡ
Բս飬ƽսֻһ֮ȴģ޷ȣ
ʱ˫ۣǴһ˿
ǻƽս飬ڣһַ󣡡ڳ֮Уȷе˵ʶǰ֮УѾȥĻԪ𡢹ĹŮЩŵУԷӣ
ڸоһڻϵҲһַ󣬾򡢲һȴǼߣӦ˵ȫûпɱԣ


1018 ⾳ں
ʲô󣿡ʹһ˵Ȼһʲô󣿡
֪ûֱҡͷ
ߵ֣ҲΪܶ࣬ս棬зġ߸Ѫͬ츳ͬͬʲͬͬͬȵǧ򻯵أӵֲͬ󣬳һûҲ֡
򡢲ĶȽϹ㷺˵ģ˾ͽսʱΪ˾ͽӵϼԻϼҲһսʱ򣬰ڵľͷѪ۾ͷӰҲ˵
Ҳӣͼʲô߼󣬱粽Ǿ˾ˡ
ڲ֮ϣȻиǿ󣬱Щֱ漰磬ӵ߳ɾ˹ʮʮǿߵԴ۵Ԫ緲˵֮ʮർµս֪࣬ˡ
ڵķδţܹɻĿ񱩻ԪӰܱ߻淨תƷ֪ˣ
Ѫ֮˵Ϊôǿ󣿡
ţ˵һޱǿķټ˵ԣȡҲǡ޷ţֱǡ
ڵķʱڳ˵ǹעȴĻƽս飬ʵϣаѿǸо
Ȼ֪ս鷽츳׿ԽԴΪ˿ţԳʥ
Ҳû뵽ɵʱ򣬾ܽսƽ𼶣
ƽսսбʵĲͬ
ս飬ȻԼǿߵĹսӰ컹ǾԵģþǼ̱ӷӲսһıֱӱһնˣǻô
Ȼ˫ƷʥʹãôսЧͱΪһ񺣵ߣû취ڹдݻƷʥ
ս飬ֻ˵ǽ
ƽսͬﵽƽս飬սǿֱγ־ͶӰӰʵ硣
ս鵽ƽս飬һ蹵ҪһҪľۣȴɾˣЩͬΪŵܲ̾
֮У죬ʱͼ㳡֮ǰһб仯ȫȫȫɷںϡ
аѿ
ƬҶӣ
ƬҶӣ
öҶӣһöΣһöΪʯΣһöΪ״
ƬҶӣһöɽΣһöΣмƿʨһöһѲþؽ
öҶӣ˲ͬķ򣬴ʱЩҶһ𷢳һĿĹԣϵӿĻ֮Ԫһ̣ܹһеĻԪаѿ˵ֵͬԭҰ
ĻԪͣڻƽս־ͶӰаѿ˫ѹ֮£Ȼγһƽ⣬ƽɵһ̣ڻϵ⾳ȴȵĻ֮Уı仯
ø֪̽ڣܷ֣Ĺ֮ϣһööЩıŻϵǰ⾳
ԭķаϣаӱ棬ͼƿ̣ڣԼֻаΪֶΣȻԼ֮УγһصĹġ
ЩͷĤϵĹģȴһ̷·һ㣬ʼ໥ںϡ
ԭɫ⾳ĳɫŻ⾳ĺںɫԼŴ⾳ɫڣַȴ֮ϣںΪһ֮ͬǰʹõ׻ɱ似ֻǻ⾳϶ѣȴķںϣӹ﷢ںϣ
ɹˣ
һӲϵ򣬵㣬ڣ⾳ʼ˳ںϣ췢ϵһмֱ񻰣
ΪĳԡаѿԻ֮ļӳ֣ټϻԪԻ編ϣڲʯ̵ʱ򣬲˵ʱԴγɵݱ䣬ǿƣڵ漣
ȻҲ벻ʵĸûԪӺǿ޷ֱӵ徭ɿ񱩵Ļ֮Ļһжǿ̸
Сʱʱ䣬ĤϵķģڻһһںΪһ
⾳˳ںϡ
֪⻹ֻʼ𲽣淨պʵߣʱԴ汾ԴԽԽںҲԽԽף
ֹ֮У°侳ŵӶϣ۶Իϵǰ⾳⣬Ѿھȫ
ʮ˲֮У͵ĻԪ紵֮УǱ⾳ͻ⾳˫󱻴⾳תɾյ⾳ں֮⼫Ϊϵɣʮ˲
䣡
һ̣ߣ˿͵ıըĻϵԪɱըֱ֮ĳ忪ͬһȥ߲㣡
һ٣٣١һֱʮ٣
ٶȣٴʮ٣
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Ϊٶ̫죬Ļϵ̫Ũüٴֱķֿ֮󣬷һ죬ڻڲصܸоµĴضͬһ㣡
ǧǧǧѸӣ
ֹĵӣϿһĻȫɵˣǲ֪ղŷϵı仯ֻǿڵһĻ֮оСʱͻȻ쭣Ǻ˳ȥ
ǱһƼϵԪıȻǣʵڲ¶ȺͿҳ̶ȸںǣٶȣﻹڻдУֱڷĲԭϿշһ㣡
⡭
ˣˣ
֮ǰѾΪʲôͻȻͱˣѵղʵܶӸ֪Ϸʲô
ܡղӦĳͻƣʮ˲Ĵأ˶ʹܷӳƽʱóɼѾллأȻʱͻƣ
˵ȴǰ׵裬ڶʦܳ׵ķˣٹҲҪ뿪˵ΪһˣѾһιŷû뵽ȻһĿܹϹŷʷһĻ
ҪһƵ߲𣿡
·Сһ૵·С֮󣬾վ¶ʱ¶΢΢ף촽˵ڳ֮УĿ÷ϵ漣б仯ҵˣǷ¶Īˡ
죬Ϊ¶̵һ죬޷ȴ


1019 ߲㣬֮
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Ʋɵƣǧ
ϹŷǧΪһΣǧȣϹŷ壬ʮټ壬ҲܲһǧʱҲǳָļëǣ
⻹ڹŷȫʱڹŷеһʱǾ͸ˣ
ڣǧȥƲ߲ȥ
˿ѾЩľˣɵΪ߲㣬׳٣
Ϲŷ½޷ɵı׼ڣȴҪɣ
һ˳߲㣬û˻ɣдĿܣڻǧն
Ҫ֪ʵսǿȴ
߲ܵ㣬οǿ
Ҳ˵Ѿ׼ȷˣѾûˡ
Ψһ¾ٶȣʮ䣬ֻΪʷ֮ͬУҪ٣
ô˵ҲԣŵҲԽԽãУһеĳ磬ǵȻ죬սδǿδʵ
УƷַ򣬲⾳رģҪ˫ޣ춼첻
ⲻ⣬ˣһɾɣԪƵ󣬳ܵķϴҲ࣬Щϴһһӡ֤պĳɾͽ᲻
ܳɹõ˾Ѫ𣿡
ս˫ȭоĶߺˣϣܹһԳɹʷ֮޾
ʱͻȻУת﹬ķһۣȴɫ԰׵ڰУָĲš
ʮٳǧһ̣ĽȫķˣھǰһжЦ
˵֮ĶԼѾЦˣⳡԼĶעһʴ춦һη֮ѪȻʴ춦ǿ߳ᣬѪȷ磬Ǳ˾ѪǾͲ԰ˡ
ĳ漰˾Ѫʱʴ춦ĶԼѾʧȥ壡һܹϹŷʷʢ£עţ̸ֵʣʴ춦ܹģ
ǧ
¶Ѿҽʮռ䶼յŤˣԪͣһɹɸХһǧɴɽһ壬Ҳữ
⾳ѾɳںϣҲóеһ֣˽ⶼԶڳеӣڣֻ֮£ٶȻǻ
ʮٵ屶٣ٵ١
ٶȣܵѹ࣬ҲỺ
ʵ֮󣬲ĻָٺãҲֲ֧ģܹһְֱ˳ϵȫ⾳תԪΪá
ǧ
ٶȽ͵£ܿϣԪĽһء
߲㣬Ҫ죬񣬷ô漣ı仯嵽һʱҲѾǾٲά裡
㳡ϵ߶ס˺ȴſʷԵһ̣ɣʮ꣬һʱ䣬ƻ߲㣡
һӣǻ׹㣬ΪľȻܶӼǵ츳ԶԶǣ׷һܵ飬ּʾѾˣ෴ĳɳҫ̸ʱ򣬻˵Ƿ߳ģ
ңպΪܲеҪ֮ҲΪϹŷʮһˮƽеķֹܵõԴеķֹԴ׽⡣
еȻȥ۵ĵˣڷһ죬жԾˣҲóȻΪѾעΪܲע
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ǧ˰ȫⱩ
ǧŰĻԪٴγϸ΢ơ
ûϵһЩԪҲܱаѿѹգǼ͵ľԳĳ
ʮʮʮʮһ
䣡
һ죬峤ʮʮ˲һƺһ£ô˵㵽߲Ŀռޣʽ̤˵߲ռ䣡
߲㣬֮
ɹˣ
̫ǿˣû뵽Ҳܼ֤һʷ
ȻⱲҲﲻ磬ôҲǷȥĵӣպ˵ȥой⡣
ǰ˵ܲ˶ǷصһЩأ
ǻϲص˵ʱм䣬ֱӻᱻΧ£ˡ
ҫҲڷҫ
ĵ߲ˣη˾ѪҪõˣֻҪ䣬سɴ
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ĳߵһһ漣Ȼдˡ벻ǣǷܹ⣬ˣͲ䣬Ϲŷ壬Ҫһˣ峤ˣڵʱ򣬶ȲԼۡ
ŷ峤Ǿʥһʥκһ綼ǳưһľ⵹˵ȻɾʥϾкܶ಻ء
Ϲŷ峤ڵʱǱȲڡڡڶдԵЩҲҪڡ
ҪΪʥҪڵͷȥС
ҲϹŷ岻ԸͶʷ˾Ѫԭ򣬱Ͼ̫಻ˣһž㲻䣬ҲδĪľȻˣҪ˺ͻԵֵ֧ġ
ʱδһν߲㣬ⱻΪ֮ؿռ䣡
ߵĽ
߲㣬ѾûлԪˣȡ֮һƬƬɫϼ⣡
ЩϼΣǵصֹɫޱȣͬ˼ɾûϵߣϼ壬˼ɻҶʣ
ʱ߲ԭѾӽޣͻȻɫϼĳĻԪʼѣ
һϼ֮ھ֮Уʼ־ˣ
ȫ־עаѿ֮У߲ϼĳֲ֧סƣƤ⿪ʼˣƤѣ役ڣⱻյ졣
ʱ״̬Ϊ⣬Ԫֻʣ²ɣԼٶš
ȴҧţʮ˲ԭÿɲؿ˵õģһ֮أʮ˲֮ԽޣֵʱԽãջҲԽ
ڸոտʼϵǰ⾳ںϣһı㣬νҪȣʱʮ˲ԼķòһЧҪ߲ܶ࣬·
ҧǽЩɫϼ˹Ĥ֮Уϼͷϵķģ
̣
ĤѣԭĹյýڣͷ֬˳壬ԼĹͷʼգǺεʹ࣬ȴҧţ


1020 
ѪҺϵĴӹѵ˿ڣͬѵƤһ䣬ʵİƤ֮ʹյͬʱһһİƤ־ʹ־ᶨʹͻὫ֮٣
£Ϣͻᷢ裬ߣֱҽٱĻ֮УҲԳܣ
ȴʮ˲мΪҪһ֣Իеѹեߵޣ˵£ϵ򣬶Է򽫻
ʱԽôԽ
ڻ龵֮ǰۿһööıڵĹ֮УںΪһ
м׶Σһ׶䣬ļһʹʱҪ˼Ӧ˰ģڼҵսУӦһЩĽ
ڵڶ׶Σ䣬䷨һʹʱγ䣬Ȼɡ
׶ΣҲڵĽ׶Σù䣬ڹڻ裬Ϊһ֣
ӴԺԼǷ򣬷壬ֱ˴ˣ
ˣһͼʯ̣ɱȡĹԵʯÿһ֣޼֮
ﵽ׶ΣԳ棬ΪѾǷÿһٶ̺˷ĵȻǣطˣ
ŷ·仨Ưˮ죬ߣϵԪһԵʵ壬л桢񡢻ޣлԪɵࡢĤݣĽ£һڲϵʢ㣬ÿʢһ䣬ԳʮϢʱ䣬ģ¿

ǻϵ¶ҲӵУڣҲˣ
û˾֣һٳƻ߲㣬˲Ƿ֣
ȡõĳɾͣѾҪ֤
ʱһһţܿӾ͹ȥˣȻߣϵɷǺÿȴ֪ȴڳżʹ࣡
ܱҽٱĻգʹӣ붼ͷƤ飡
һ̥ǵḶ́ο˶˵ҲһĻԵͨķ򾳽һ˲˼ĳ̶ȣԺҲû˸˵ֻʵսڣˣ򣬴ӽԺҲΪƣʵϣһûˣ
ɫ֣ص˵
ڵԪ񣬸ʵ۷ϵ⾳ںϣ裻۹似ӵ䣬ѾԴ似ĵ·ٶӵļ⾳ͬʱоŸ۷˫ޣþ־ӵлƽս飬һЯ˺ԡ
ʵѾˣ
ţǡ
ʹͻȻ۾һȻ֣ڻ߲ϼ֮һͻļʱʼѽƣΪ߲ĳɫϼڱҪ׳
Ƕһɵף
ʵ֮ǰͼչУѾδﵽͻɵٽ㣬ֻʱ죬һֱѹڣ߲ĳɫϼѾ͵ȴʵѹƲסˣ
ѹƲסҪ
ţȻҪʱɣ
ȷʵڵѾˣλصΪֹɣȶɹ˵
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ǰ֣ͻʱһֱػǵļߺľˣţǶɿܳʧɵδмϣΪ峤
ˣڻ߲㼴ɣ֮һὫͻСӣǲǸŵһЩôóɣɣںϷѪʱ򣬻кľСӣ߲㣬ܵõöν£ǧｱһΣˣʲôʥֵһŲҪͬȼֵķѪģȫóɣ
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ʹΪִŵųη֮ѪȻʲô⡣
˰ǷĴܼңɲС˰ɣʹЦſ֮ǰ˵ڻնʹη֮ѪڹóЩȻǲˡ
ǺǺǣЦҲǴ񲿣ϹŷԴȻЩߵȼԴͨԴһһЩȨȵģ㶼óη֮ѪҵȻСҾóη֮ѪɣⶫҲҪ߳򣬲պӦҲû⡣
һη֮Ѫֵʮη֮ѪѪŨߣһη֮ѪЧʵʮη֮Ѫãһóʮη֮Ѫˣɷ֮ѪõһǧΣ
׹óʮη֮ѪĶڷ䶯ɼóη֮Ѫļֵȫһͨǿҵһ㣬ƺǴĵݾͿԲһˣϹŷʮֹϵĲƸȷʵȫ޷ܲʹߴȣһµһǾǹ塣
кľľΪǼߣֱƹܲڻǵĽ
ľ˵ֻһ˦ɳƿȴû˵浽ʲôǸϹŷĹ涨Ӵ㿪ʼнÿǧٽһΣ˵㣬߲㣬˷⽱ļֵҪóη֮Ѫ
٣ľóʲô
ʹ촽ʵ
һǧٵͨĹŷ֮Ѫٵη֮Ѫʮη֮Ѫһη֮Ѫһη֮Ѫз֮Ѫͷ֮ѪܲȫˣҲû뵽Ϊòϵġ
ľ赭д˵ʹȴզ֮࣬ѪǷϽھѪĶȷ֮ѪֵҪһЩһη֮Ѫ൱η֮Ѫӡ
ˣľóķѪвԣͼĸ߼ĶУҪΪ˷֮Ѫ֮ѪЩƷʵķѪͼĹŷ֮Ѫ֮Ѫûˡ
ʵǡǡ෴ΪڷѪһЩ֮Ѫ죬ԵһѪƷʣķ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ죬ЧŻã
֮Ѫ֮ѪϹŷ˵ǻ㾦õġ㾦ǰҪû㾦ûеط㣬Ҫܷ֮Ѫ֮Ѫй㹻ķѪӣ˷ѡ


1021 
óڶྫѪڰУЩѪɣȫѽʱ뵽Ѫ֮Уȫںϡ
ѪҲһѭ򽥽Ḷ́ͨںϣԸѪõĵӣΪܷ˾Ѫϴû
ʱ򣬷ǿһĻͻȻʲôתͷƣЦſڵӣҼǵԼﻹǷϷһη֮Ѫɣη֮ѪϷǸҪģɣȱѪ֮ںϣ㲻һóɡ
ǵĻڳƵĶͬһ׶һ̶
һɫѿ֮ʵǶĶԼʱһ֮ʱ仹磬Ǽ㲻ʱ䣬һǧԸϣҲ֪¶Ҫ׷ϣѾã
ζԼ׵ˣһݺ˪һη֮ѪҲ档
Ŀ֮£óԼĶעȴ
ǣǵĶԼûʱ䣬㼱ʲô
ٺ٣֪Ѿ˰ɡҲʲôϺˣ֮ǰ۸ûƢһڻԳѵʱܲһţҪΪ¶һ׷Ҿ͵ţڰѷ֮ѪóҪһ¶׷ʮΣܿ˰ɣ
һǵͨ죬ô˵棬ǰѻ˵ϣѾ޷ܾˣ䲻ɡ
ѹе裬ûз֮Ѫ
Ƶò֮ѪֻʹЩܲʹ߲ͬЩ˻ŷ֮Ѫз֮ѪԼˣôʱϡ
ûϵ¶裬Ҽǵã¶ͻƻǧҲõ˷֮ѪĽɡǵˡ
ƴûгԹ裬Ȼһ󱲵ĽԼŵĶעֱܴ衣
ùã˵ˣȷʵˡ¶ҧ촽˵ֽһĨ˦һУ֮ǰõķ֮Ѫ
ЦŽӹУָһһη֮ѪҲ˰УȻζɣ漰ֵܼ߰ʮη֮ѪķѪÿһη֮ѪΪܶһξͶһֺô
ǰˡľ˵
ãݳ޵Ѫ֮ϹŷĶţδӵôѪ֮ЩѪ֮Ϊ㹻ˣҲǵεĶ£
ʴЦţڻ֮Ȼһ⣬һסЩѪֱӽʮ˲֮С
ӵ浽ڵĻ߲㣬ľ룬ڳʵ֮ͨ½пռŲƣֻ˲Ϣ͵ˡ
ʼɣ
˵ţ߲ռ䷢һŤĻϵԪһòӵʨһ㣬ʮ˲顪ʡ
Ѿڲ֪꣬ǲ֪Ϊжߣӳܷĳǧտÿһߵİȫܴ¿һЩˣǸɲ֡
һ֣߲Ļ֮Ԫͷ·ʿ˽ȫ˳ôϵ򣬶ԻԪĲٿҲʵİٷ֮һΪǻˣ
˫һƣ֮䣬ͻȻðĻ֮ɵʱڷӵİ֮£ʥɹġ
ڣڳ˫еĻ֮ȴȫĲͬⲻǵһĻ֣ǳǧֻ֮ģ
ʮ˲Ϊһϵÿһ㶼һöö򣬶ЩĻƷһ㡣
ʮ˲ǰ㣬ÿһ㶼һö֣мö֣㶼ö֣ܼʮö֣
˻֮⣬ʮ˲лдĻ𾫣ÿһ㶼ǧö𾫣Ʒиеͣʮ˲һǧŰپʮö𾫣
Щ𾫡ֶǻǵʱ۳ģһɻԪ۶ɵǣִôʱ䣬ܵĻ𾫺ͻ֪Щ𾫡ּƼʮ˲֮ˣ
ʮ˲öΪʮΪΪ˧һ
ڳΧɫĻ֮ӻÿһƻ֮ǳʴӻ𾫣֮гġ
ǧŰپʮö𾫣ʮö֣Գȡһ˿֮
Щ֮ںһγһҫ۵̫ڳ˫֮䡣

ʽɻֱ֮Ӵڣ
¡
ǿټͣаѿյĻ֮ǿҲܲסĳ˲俪ʼѽˣƤ⡢ѪܡĤࡢ衢ͷ­ȫ飡΢СѪƮΧռ֮С
ɵĹ̼Ϊգݲһ˿һĴţڱĻ֮жɱһ飬Ȼгڣһȴ˿ܣҲˣʻԵ㹻Ļ֮塣
峹ѽһ˲䣬ľ֮Ҳ˺ˣָо·һǰشԼͷ­ϣžҵͷʹоԼڱֽţ
ɣǶ߾Ĵǰؾν񡱾ָ꣬ɣĿʼ
һֻҪ漰֣꣬
ɣȻоԼڷֽ⣬ʶȴޱ
ʱߴ˳Ʈ·ңԶ紫ʶģ
־Ϊɢ꣬ѵԽףܵϴԽ࣬պͻƾĺôҲԽ󣡵мǲʧң൱ķգѵ̫ףʶģɥʧӡԶʧҵԹ֮УҲزȥˣӵлƽս飬ʱĳ̶ȣҪԼգ
߶ɺصġ֮ɣ塢ȫ٣һᱻٵǾ־
־֮Ϊ͵Ķһ侳ǿǧͻḯã־ʮʱ䣬Ҳɢ
ɺɣɢ־ɢѣ޾֮У־ǵֻҪ־顣
һ˵һѾ龫֮ŵĻƽս˳ɫĹâҫƬռ䣬ʵ־ͶӰƬˡ
Ƭռ֮У޹˼ɵĽ飡
ڻռ֮вﹹɣȴ֪岻һɣɵʵһĳܣЩ̶һƬ֮ڣǾͻγꡣ
־ɳܣֽ겨ͷĴԼɣ


1022 
ɵḶ́ͨ龵ͼĹ㳡֮ϣֻΪ־ͶӰгĿѾͿʱϵ׷ʲô
ľʹĶ֣ȴ¸֪õ
־ͶӰ֮УĻƽսΪģƬڲϵķֽ⣬ӵǴСƬСٵ΢С
֪һУ΢΢пս鷽˵ǹھˣһ㣬ȷʵռ˺ܴƣţڶɣԶһܹġ
սΪ츳һҪָ꣬ȻзͬѰ壡
ܽ곹ˣһɣһŶΣɶ֪ǿȻﵽ־磿
ǳһзĻҲǿԪĻǿȲδܹﵽĳɾ;ͱˣҲǰǿ߼Ѵﵽԭ
ܵ˵ߵ츳ʡԡ⡢־˵ۺ֣棬ʵҪģʲҪԲ鵤ҩѪֲʵĲ㡣
ֻ½ʱֵҩȱ٣ѪǼһʼУʵԣŻֿʡ
ģһһҪҶֲ
벹ԣҲֻаŶݼ׵ĿЧԵĵرֻǴ˵вС
벹־ֻа׾Щؼ伸ֵĶЧ
ˣʥЩܶף벹ȫǿЦĻˡĳ˵ܷΪŵؼأߵĳ˵һ֣
˽ĹУ߲֮еѾ⵽΢Сһ򱶣ֱʧȥʼɢγ겨
ӣҲǲıԴûŪⲢ곹ѣ
겨־֮лصײ־ϱڣȻŷϴ
СӣȻһˣʹһĻ̾˵
ҲԵĸпӵлƽս飬ǻƽս黹һĻƽս飬ӵһԣһĻûжܹɹˣ˼ʵ츳ÿһȥ֪ܵ־磡
ʱһһţ߶һҪյʱ䣬ɳԳ֣עʮ˲лҲһܹɵģϹŷͽʹû뿪˼ֹĵȻҲ뿪ˣʵҲû뿪Ŀʢ±һѵõľЩˣԴɵĹеõ΢
ʮʱȥˣһֱĿػţҲȫ⣬һöƬ겨
ʱȻ˫ۣʱѪ֮ˣ
ζɣһǧٵͨĹŷ֮Ѫٵη֮Ѫʮη֮Ѫη֮Ѫһη֮Ѫ֧֣
֮⣬гʵԳ֣ȡǧŰپʮֻ֮ʮֻ֮һ˿ıԴܼһʮֻ֮Ϊѽ壬꣡
ĴľҲУ
츳ʵӮԴϹŷȻϵȴûţ㣬ֳ峤Ǳʵĳţ
ţҪûĻϹŷ壬ǻ˥
Ѫ֮ڣ
Ȼһ֣еķѪһʮֻգƵʣѪ֮УѪںΪһ
¡¡
Ԫʮ˲ƺ΢΢ţԼ䣬־ͶӰ֮Уһֻɫķԡ
ֻȴͨĳɫɫǷǳİɫ
һֻɫķˣ
ΪѪ֮Ѿ˺֮ΣȻâҫۣⰵɫķˣȴͶӰڻ龵ϣ
ֻܵڴǿϢڳֹһЩе˷ľη·ҪĤݣָоͷ·ԶŲྴηԼͼһ㡣
Ѫ֮˼飡ڳ߶ЩԣڵѪ֮ȻѾ˺ܶˣǲ¶ŷѪв֪پ룬ǲ֪ΪʲôѪ֮ǰȴܵһѹͬѪѹ
﹬¶˫ĿĿŻ龵֮еһֻɫķˣֻо۾ɬ˫ַ
Ѫ֮ԭڣЩѾˣ
¶һĽë΢΢ţп̾
һ꣬Ļǻʯ̣ķȴѾңѪ֮ȻңҲ֮͵õһη˾Ѫں֮ȻԶԶﲻŷѪѪ֮ȴһ˿ϢϢȴôҲеģҲõ˾Ѫ
ȵʱ򡭡ʲôֹܹӵеƣδУӵеƣȫȱ
¶ǰɫķڻ߲зɣȴζӿͷһշһУֱͬλһ㣬һشĴۣȴҲҪһΡ
֪ʮʱȥˡ
ǵ̫£𣬶ɵҲӽβѪӾһʮֻ֮գѾŷѪںΪһ
־вϷ겨ҲĴΪҪʱͻȻ֮Уˡ¡¡¡
ţǣ
Ƿ׷̧ͷ죬ȴ㵵ķ֣ǵԪͻȻ궯·Ҫһ㣡

Ԫγ˴ƬУȫϯеľǰʮ˲
ʲôǷ׷׵ɴ˫ۣʹһֱѷĺľǴʧɫ֮ǰͻƻ߲Ծø࣡
⡭ѵǡ
ܣ
ʹľͬʱʶһֿܣȴЩţֱԪʮ˲ϿγһƲ㣬Ʋ´䣬ͬһ޴©һ㣬ӵڵģ
ʱʶԼ֮ǰĲ²ˣȻȻţȷȷʵʵģ
Ԫƣط۶ɵԪƣʧ
ôܣɣȻԪƣֱǡ޷󣡡
Ԫ߶ɾɺе󣬵ͻƾɽ޵ʱ򣬾ԲԪͻ۳Ԫƣ̺ԴطƬ
ԪҲеȼͼԪƣΪһɣ׹ɾʱʮԪƣѾ÷Ӿˡڣû뵽ɵʱ򣬾Ȼ֮лԪƣ


1023 
ϹŷʷУҲȷʵܹھ֮ǰԪƣҲڰɵʱɾԪƣֱ
ʹ֮ЩҲʶʲôҪ֪ڳĴӽɶﲻֻ԰̤񺣾
ܴﵽͼԪѾǵĿˣοɵʱԪƣطϴ
ζţպڰɡɵʱ򣬱Ԫƣܸķϴ
һӣһηϴοηϴĪ
ӿԪƣӳ¶ͫУ̾һȴ֪עϹŷʣԴΪǧ̨

ӿԪƳһӵʱ䣬Ϊ﷽ԲҲһ졣
һԪƣʲôֻɣԪƣȴһеĿʼ
νһһ
ΪʼΪĸ֣̺˴
Ԫơһڿˮͷ죬һԪûһﵽľ磬Ĳ֪ñֳʲôˡ
Ȼܿ췢֣۵ԪƺһԪƣԪΧһ㱡ĻۣȴһֲçӵĸоܸеһɴϢ
ʲô
΢Է⣬ȴǺѿעĿӣȴַָղŵĴϢƺʧˣ·һֻĴ
ȻǺ֮ĳΣʯ̣Ժɷ۵ԪƣҲЯ˺ɷϢ
ɷԴγɳʼرǨΪʱ̫Զ֮ҲѾʧֻںڶһЩص֮УܹѰҵʧȥ˻ĺ֮Щ֮Ѿʧȥ˷Ϣ
ѪӣƬȫԪ©Ԫڲ
ԪͼЩͼޱȾϵɣ飬ɣ飬ѪӰڶͼ֮Уȫ򶼵õǱĬõĺô
߶ɣԪƵķϴ񣬾൱ڽֱӴ֮УһǴȥ䣬һȻ룬е𣬿֪
ϴһʱڿʼˣǺڶ֣öΪѪγɹࡢѪ⡭
֮ҲʼһЩصԪ֮е겨Ҳʼ۵֮Уγꡣ
۵ĹУ෨γɵͼôѪĤ֮УΪһ֡
пƤ⣬ʱҵ۵Ƭ͵ͼ֮⣬Ĺġ
Щ֡
Ĺ̳ʱΪں˴ķѪøӼ;Өͬһ˿ʵԻϵ׺ͶȣҲһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ķ˿д죬ÿһ˿ޱȼͣвϡ
ܹõһͷȫԽƳһļƷŵ磬ȫǿߵᡣ
˫ۣ峺֮ͫз·лһؼĻԪûɺɫ˿ۣס壬һ̣ƬԪҲȫ£ûڡ
ʱ䣬ɣ
һµƮʱԭޱȵĻԪ紵ԱʱĪİ·µʿһ㡣
һ£ƮƮ趯峺˫ͬ£̤£ÿһ̤¶һԪ۵һȼգþòɢȴǱ¶ʱ۵ӣһ֮ͬ·
ʱǡƴڶɾ
ڳ߿ʱоһɷĵ𺳣·ۣһһУЯŷϢ
Գ棬
ɰʱĿⶼЩʵĸоΪĻƽս飬겨õ״֮⣬õطϴٴʮ˲Ȼ²ڰ˲㣬Ҳܱƽ߲ǧȣ
ʮ˲Ҫ߶Է⣬ΪӰҪСһЩʵɣɽ߲㣬Ӱ춼̫Ϊȣϵʵ̫ң侳ǿ÷֮ĻԳܣ侳ǿߵʵɺɵĲͱȽСˡ
ɵʱ򣬳һطϴעԷƷ̣һҲµ
ʹп˵ζɹɣʮ˲Ӱ컹󣬵ǶԽеӰʹˣֻս츳˵ǿȫ䣬֮ǰͶ֮ûκα仯˵ǿҲ䣬ʵȴһأǧնı׼ǿסˣ
ʹԭͺ֮ǰͼֱ̫԰ˣ츳ĻҪǿٱ
ǲǧ꣬ͲˣҪ
ΣĻϹŷ壬Ƕֿ֦ȣʱѡһ壬ΪϹŷעĽˣ
ǰϹŷֻһ粨ˣʼл·㣬ֻлҵһȽһЩҲ²һ᲻ֶε£ǽ峤ĺѡˣʼҺҾ
һʥľţҪԴЩԴǶһݣˣ˾ûˣԼĴͬһʱҲֻһš
ҺͻʼҶѾԼͲܽ߾ȫҾҲ峤λãҪȿǱĵϵӣע˻ҽ£иƣ
λϼҪѪˣ˵ʵ̫ҪΪ£Ҫó֪ٺô㽫峤֮λҪܴܺδسɹһʵﵽʥĸ峤Ի˵Ҳش󣡡
ϹŷȻͬһʱֻһ峤ʥǿȴԶֹһЩ峤λ̫ϳϣһЩţΪԭ峤ʧܵĸ峤սñ峤
ϢȥɣҪǻڻ֮ǰͻɳʹǢ˵㲻ǻҵôӦǺԸϢġ
ͻȻʲô˵
ʹ۾һɣû˵ǽϼˣֻȢ˻ҵŮѣһҡ
Ȼӵۣʵﲢ⣬ͶһҪԣȢ˻ϼһŮڸ߲һ


1024 ʥ
߲㣬ͬʱɱԪƵϢ糱ˮһ㴫ܿʹϹŷ塣
Ϲŷʷûеʢ£
ڷ棬ӵõϢϲӣȻһֱҲûϵôľϲ
·ӦģϹŷܲԼ塣
ʱ磬һƬտռ֮УһűԴǡ
ϹŷϼܲڣϼһռһǣĵϵӵܣڶΧӵܼñȷ˿ٶ٣ʮΪλ
ӵܣҲÿһѪǵУҲֻĵӣŻᱻܲصܶӶᱻֹͨӵվͬһϣгɲţǻִһΪֹҪΪȻˣ
ʱڻϼĹ֮УʮΧһԲһöɫͷԲ룬ǽʹϢ֮УӡɵһЩ龰ԪƵľ
ΧöڳĳȴֳӪڼҵţĺǣǷҪΪϵĵһĵŬ峤ѡ˵λãϼϼ徺
һǻϼıɣѪͳΪϾˣֵûϼôӦϼıӡ
һȴЦϼ屣һνšǷİװôԴǱ·ûпɱԡ
ִʵƵƵݣһȴΪңյжȨѹ˻ϼ峤ϡ
峤ЩǻϼȻϼͻϼһֱϹŷ壬ʵģǼѾ˦ˣʮֹҪְλǻϼλò࣬δĹŷ峤֮λҲпڻ·֮е˭峤һҲȻǵһ峤˵һشĴǱֲһŵӣҾ
࣬ı죬ܱ֤ǰǣǻѴΪǻϼЧǼɵ򣿡
ҲԴǿһ˵㲻ΪϼӵܣҲԸΪϹŷ峤ܱ峤֮λ䵽Ҫǿö࣡
ԽԽңһֱʱʱϼ峤ĺͻȻ𣬡ˣˣ֪ͨһη˾ѪһˣȥǣаҲңʥҲһϣҪۿĿܣ
ʲô
ͻȻô˵ڳ϶ˣϼ峤ȻҪǰȥңҪϷ˾Ѫʥ飡
۳˵ĻϹŷʹҲĶͷ˾ǻϼˣʵǵλҪһʮ
ǻҲ⶯һη˾ѪҪϹŷܲͬʱͬУȻǣ
ڣܲ±׼֣óһη˾ѪǾ֮ˡ
ʥ飬һͼʯ̣Ϲŷһͼʯ̣û֮һ
һͼʯһŷǳϹŷ֣֮ǻϼһ峤һؾ֮̽żȻõģһ峤ϹŷһƽдԵ󼸺ɾͽͼʯ̣ҲĻԵ֮һ
ͼʯΪʥ飬˭֮Ѿɿ֤ˣһϹŴܣ𼶵
ʥǻϼĵһҲǻϼ֮ϼϣҲʥ
ϼôƾʥ黹еһ峤ıӣķչΪϹŷ֮һ
峤Ҫʥȥǣɳһڿˮϼ峤ϹŷܲҲְǾǡϹŷ̫ϳϣ
峤Ϲŷ̫ϳϣǵĵλԶһ㹬ܹģڣȴҪȥĦһСӵĹŷ
ʥ飬ȥȻҲǸģʥͼʯһҲ˷Ƭһ򣬷Ƭͻʧ峤϶ûжٲᣬȴҪһΣʣ峤Ѿ⣬Ҫˡ

󣬳ǡ
һֱڱչڷոͻɣֳԪƵķϴҪһ۵Ḷ́ҪȣҲҪʱʱ˵õʵʽǱչڤ˼
оԼľ·ھ֮ΣʵԼԷ򣬶һǧš
ֱգչеȻ˫ۣһ˲䣬ΧĹâ·ʧˣڣ֮ϵĹһһųöĿĹâ
ʱȥ÷˾Ѫˣ
ţΪֹĻѾ㹻оʹʹսһ
ˣ
еӶʱгǵӶûôǴһʮ˲ͼǶڵȴĿýһʢ£ܲɻǧնõ˾Ѫ
ʼ𡭡
¶һ֮߳Ŀ¶һ˿֮ɫȻĵﲻԸ⿴Ի͵һĻǻŸӵ飬ĬĬķ˻
¶﹬ŮҲһһɳעǱϹŷʷǵһ죬ڴǵȻ
漣ˡһ׵߸֮Уһɷ˵ڵӣڵӺӣΪʸ񿼺˵һܷȻҲȺ˵Ķ֮УĿƻ߲㣬ͬʱɵʱԪܷ֮Ѿͷڻһµ㳬Խ뷨ܷԼ죬ֵҵǣҿû뷨˵ҪЦˡ
﹬˹ĵǶӸԵۡʱʮ˲֮гſ˾Ѫ
ͼ㳡֮ǰľʹҲƴЦѾ׼ˣ
ǣ
šãҪǣеǧնʮ˲µ߲ѶȸһЩһǧնѾǰˣܲı׼ֻҪιŷ֮ǰǧնˣȷҪڴأ
ǣϳˡ
ãľɡ˵һԵĺľһӣͼǰĹ㳡¡¡Ĵٶȸˡ


1025 
ǵĻѾаʷ겼󷨵Ĵܣڻм¼ῡܵϣ󷨺ݻγɱ߳󣬾ҪͬʱڶŵΧ
ĬĬĴֽгѪǹѾһʱ䣬ûкսһˣоڳȲҪһվף
֪ܹɱ٣ǧնô죿ʱ﹬мŮСţ˵俴ıӰĳ
ʵϣῡܣҲ˵ʱǳڵʺ츳ǰ;δһη˾ѪѪ֮еõһ˿޾Ѫ֮ЩԣڶŮҪ޸ˡ
ߵһŮġ
֪أ궼ûǧնˣǧնȻ߲㻹ѣҲô׵ģϾǰҲֻǿ߲ѡ
Ѿ˻ỳò˾Ѫˣֻڲ²ڵһγг嵽ʲô̶ȡ

ͻȻ٣лһ磬ֱӳ˻
֮УŷĿռ伫Ϊ
ƵҲһҲһСǧ磬ǻеĿռ䣬ȴһۿ߼ʡ
ʱվһƬԭ֮ϣΧĻ磬֮⣬һƬŵƽԭޱȡ
ǰʮԶĵطһ˻֣һɣһѾ޴Ŀ
ţࣿ
һۣΪɣԼأ൱ͨŵˮ׼
㣬ʮʮֹŵˮ׼Ϲŷ壬Ͳ̫ǿˣ¶ͬΪɣȴСꡣ
Ҳ˵ննʱ򣬽ԳȺɣɵĶ֣ǧնɶܳƬ֡
Щ˻һľɣǸʱ򣬲սĿʼ
˻
ֳɱһƷʥնƿգâͬǧƥһ㣬
һת廯һ̣Ѫǹͬһһȥ
꣡
ǧɵâֱӱѪǹǹ˺ѣǹȥƲ綴ֽһ㶴˻˵ĻԪ̶͸ࡣ
Ѫ岽˵ʬ嵹ɳȥصˤڵϣʧˡ
ɱһˣѴ֮ҲȻ飬ΪֹûͬսܳԼģοֻɣԼأɱ練ơ
ʱڻ֮⣬Żɱһ˵ǳ
ֻϢʱ䣬ɱһû˾⣬Ƕſǳʲôʱǧնĵھǳ
ʱͻȻһ̧ͷ죬ţˣϢǡƷ
䣬ֻ¡¡ͬһľ죬ǵձ˺һ޴ľѵĿռг˳֮չγɫʰ쵵ľЩڻ֮Уȴ·ʵһͶӰǵϿգγһȿռ䡣
ʥֻͼǻϼˣҪ
һʥֻͼǻϵƷƷ֮еٮٮߣܹʹʥֻͼԽģһǻϼҪϢոմݻȥϼеҪﾹȻ£ôҲ̫Щ֪˭
ߵĽʹһۣʹʼ磬ʾԼҲֻǴϢҲ֪еҪҪ
ֹеӣӵĳҲͣ˹̧ۣͷ֮еʥֻͼ
⾹ȻǡƷȻһ֮УÿһСƷֵʴ춦ʵֻƷеٮٮߣѾóᣬƯһֻͼѾԶԶʴ춦ܹˡ
ʣܲĴ
ʥֻͼչɫ۵ĳߣһԽսʿֻͼлƯ
۳ߣΪ׵һľʹǵɴ˫ۣȻһ
ǡȴԣǲʶ˭ǵãҲֻǳ˲Ϣʱ䣬ʧɫ
ΪľʹˣѾΪ׵ĺ۳ϰȥľ𽣣ӭ̫ϳϣ
̫ϳϣ
ǰ߾ȻϹŷУλ峤̫ϳϣֱɰˣʲô


1026 һ·նɱ
˽г̫ϳϵĳƺơǻֹѾ˵ˣû뵽۳ߣȻϹŷ̫ϳϣ
̫ϳľͷʵǵλ峤࣬һЩ̫ϳϱ峤λǱޣǵʵ峤֮ϡ
Щ˵λȻƽʱӴϹŷĵͼӣҲʮֹʮֹĹȥϹŷܲλ̫ϳϣҪдڳơĵͼֹûü⣬һӶ̫ϳϣǼʹһˣЩǿѾ˲õĴˣͬµعټղ󳼣̫ϳϣǾǻʵˡ
̫ϳϻǣҲֻһֿˣǾǹĦĿˣ
뵽ơǵһڿˮȻȲε
棿
߸߸֮УɫĮȻĿʹ
ǣʹһˮǰΪʯ˵үү֡ʵߵ˵̫ϳϣƽʱſĽʹҲܵ˳صѹ
ʯһۻǳſǳֻһɱ˵һˡ
սȥô
ǣֻȥʮϢʱ䡣
šʯͷһĿҪܳһʱ䣬Žսʵ̫ʱһսʱοǧնǰеĻһЩԽԽ
һն߰նҪʱ˰նҪʱ䣬Űնܳһ죬ǰǧնҹ
һսΪѣҪŹ̸ףǧնҪӵпֲ㹻ⲻͣϢĳսͬʱӵǿ񾭣ĸ߸ս߶ȵľţ塢Ԫֵ֧Ҳ֧Ųڸֹ֮Уһ³֪ˣ
ʯ΢΢㾶䵽ͼ֮£ˣԼͬķ׷׺ˣʯóλһ̫ϳǰЩԵʮ־нҲС
ʱڶǳˣʮնǳ
ھȥʮϢʱ䣬еǰʮ˶һһðģɱһ󣬵ڶҪһϢļʮϢʮն֤ڵ˳ֵһ˲ͽɱ
ҲȻǰĵ˾粻ᳬɣʵɱ翳вһ㡣
ǳҲڻУѾһɱʮˡ
ʮһ֮Ҫͬʱˡ
һսͻˣɣͬΪ
һ֣ɱһֻأ־ͬھʽ
ɫƽзѪǹһӣǹâԼֻ˵ֹͱһе£ǹɨƯǹâ⻡һǼĺɨǧǹ⻮˵ĺȫնɱѪ֣
ʽܼ򵥣ȴֻһ֡죬쵽£򵥵ʽҲܷӳ޷
նɱ˺󣬶ֲϵðûһ֮С
ն
ն
ն
İն
İնʱԵȫϣɵΪ
֣ͬʱԵĵĿնɱİնҪʮˣնʮˣ
Щ˵Ϊȥߣǰ˵ǿˣǿ߶նɱ˲֪٣ЩǿߣȴȫȲǰЩˡ
Щһ൱ڶʮĻ׹ܷɵˮƽǶܶɾɵ
Щ˹ҪҲ൱ͬĹܵǣ
ھԵʵǰЩûã
ǹâɨѪѪǹͬѪ֮зڵĺɫ֮ѪĽ
ڻ֮⣬ǳһյһյ
֮ǰ˳ֵ٣ɱڣһ־ʮɱĿ
ʱ֮󣬻еѾɱ˲ˣҲǵ¶صĳ̶ȡ
˹ؿʮ˸
ʮˣȫǰɣҪ߳һζ˵ĻٶҪﵽ׵衢·Сˮ׼
Ȼǵսͬİ׵衢·С𰣬Ҳ࣬ĵˣһʮ˸
ߣܴѾܲˣΪֹնʼѶһΣʮˣ·ʮ˵УΪ׵һ˵
ţ΢΢һ㵣û뵽Щ˾Ȼһ˵Ȼʮ֮ǰԵĲͬԼǣûκ𣬲֮ǰĶֻһζƴû˿
Ǿɣ˷֮ǰĶ֣Ͳܶ˿ѹǴڿʼʮϸܵһ˿вһЩҲѡ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һ˷һͺ𣬶ʮ˾Ȼ·һһ㣬뻮һһͬ˹
ǵĹȻȫǼƷʥ
ⲻûļƷʥ
ڻ֮дƷʥѹɱۣڱЩӰʹš
֮ǰԵĵֻƷʥһкܶûģޣȴüƷʥƷʥԶƷʥܹģ
ʮ˼ƷʥȻЩƷʥӽͨʥķѪǹкܴ࣬ǣʮ˼ںһҪѪǹ
ǹһ˲䣬оһǿѹǼƷʥƣͬʱ
ʮ
ԵÿˣȻӵ
Ʒ֮£ʮֹ֮УǶ쵱ľųɾŵĵӣǵκһ˵Ķ֣
ʮӣټʮ˼Ʒʥ
Ȼͬ˴֮Ϊ໥ӰҲԶԶһܹģսĻ֮УԪҪѹƵ޷ãҲ˵˻ֹվŶǿǻô
ã
۾һһ·սˣڸоѹֻսŻ˷ڴ֮ǰʵûᷢӣɣԼʮ˲֮ķ򣬸͵ò֤
¡
һ죬Ӱ˲ʧ㿪ʮ˵һһȴô˺ѣɽʯɳ
Ѫǹ£ڿУϲû֮ɫһ˿˷ܵЦݣǲҪңԶ
𼱣Ϸںͷأսɱ
Ϊ׵ĺ˴һʮ˱˴ϣƬգƷʥĹâ


1027 νѶ
ڻ֮⣬ڳڶӵĿⶼڻǳϣǳٶȣǶ˷
ٶȣÿ죡
ۿŽȥʱʱ䣬ôǳƣնɱţֱնɱӱһ㡣
ȷʵ죬ȵ¶죬ǧնӦòģ
Ӷһ㣬ʱʱնˣֹȥһӣնˣôȥʱܵ˰նŰն˰ɣĸʱ֮ڣǧն
õѪӦûˣ񰡣˵նɱһǧһˣһǧأ
ǰٶȣҶˣ
ûһҪôڲ⾳Ҫôڻ֮б𿾣еĶҪëˣȥдսһȻǧնʵʣɱˣǲģ˵Ҳóʵս棬ôУʵսõó֣
Ҳǰ̫ͷˣʵսҵǿ
˹򣬼ŵĦȭƵģɱôѪҲ˷ҲԽԽȲҪһԼʵ
ӣţ߰ģɱĻ볢սһЩȾޱѵĶǱʶи˵ôôĳĳһֱǿһԼ
ȻҲ֪ԼĽǧնǲʵʵģնȴսһ¡
ûҲ˽Ѷȣֻǿ¶һΣ¶Ҳóţô󣬴ʱ䶼ڱչؿ򣬳ȥĲ࣬ʵսҲûеõ̫ĥˣ¶һŮӣڳܶʵսؾɱǧˣ˲֪սǣΪԼʵսȲ¶˵١
ȴ֪ǧնѳ̶ȣѾԶԶǵˡ
Щ۵Ȼ̫ϳϻʯĶС
ʱܵ˰նŰն
ĸʱ֮ڣǧն
ȥдսһȻǧնʵʣɱ˻ǲģ
˵նɱһǧһˣһǧˣ
ʯЩӵۣЦ֪Щʲô
ǹ֪ǧնѣжѣȴǹ֪ǧնףǾж಻ףҲ
ǺͰ׳ǲŹѶȣ֪ɾŹж˲Ϊһһڶ֪
ʯΪϹŷ̫ϳϣڻʱҲμӹҲ߰նѣ侳´ɱ˰ٰʮˡ
ȻʯʮƾŰ٣ʱЩھŰ֮ѾˣʯҲˣЩ˵жֲ
Щһʮֹֹһʮ˽ɴսֱ޷⡣
ǣʯһֲսʤĸоǼɱЩˣðһģһֱ˵еǧն
ѾǻʯĴڣ벻ǰǸΪսˣôͻǧնģɵ񻰣
ʯܻɣٽǧնʱǶʮһˣܺɨڳһƬνšˡ
۵ԽԽ˷ܣҲԼܴͷʯüͷԽԽڻʯԣʹоձЩǸûʶʵսʸûС
ʹһڿˮѵĽ͵̫ϳϻϢŭЩֹӶûҲûô棬֮ǰ¶һΣ¶Ƿڣʵս̫⣬¶ҲֻնɱˣѶȣʵ󲻵
ʯȴûʹת˵ѻеսͶӰɣȺûĴ۽磬ʡΪˣңϷҲʶһ£Ű֮սһ⾰Ҫʵܳأ
ǣ峤
ͻӦһִǧ֮Уͻ˶ͨϹ󷨣ͨ󽫻еսͶӰ
֮֮ϳĹĻ·ҪӰֳʹһĻҲɴ۾ĿתĶĹĻ֮ǰҲֻնɱ˲߰ٸˣԻ֮ģҲȫҲʶһ
쿴ǹĻڻʯֹӿŻϿճֵĹĻʱˡ
ǼλʩչͨͶӰеľɣ̫ˣԿսɱˣ
̫ڴˣ㲻ù⿴Щǳˣ̫û˼ˣʲôֻܿ󡣡
еսһܼңܾʣ
ڳӷ׷ţĿתĶĹĻʵģ·ˮеĵӰֱˮƽȫҲ˹Ļ֮еսÿ˵ܸ֪һʵۿûκ
ЩһĶŴ֮ͣǰеսжྫʵˣҲһԣ۾ɵÿҪˡ
һǵ˵ĺˣǿӦϺзĴڣһкɨüļһֳһ˫־޽ÿһնǻ죬ʮ֮ڵĵطȴǲޣ黨ֲڲϵš
ǡǲǡǸǰΪôһӵɴ۾ܸ֪Ǹ˵ƺǳʵʵֲ֮
ǵԼûأȻҸоʵսܲǸˣȴȫ᲻Եĺ
ߣһӸǾˣÿ˶ϵϹ糡һţ⡭ǡǿǵ
ӵһУڳŷ׷ע⵽Ще
죡ȻǼƷʥʮ˼ƷʥƷʥм߷ӣǳֲˣʮ˼Ʒʥ⡭ֱ
ȻߣƷʥֹٴΣΪļˣӴҲǶţŪƷʥһĵӣһƷʥûУ
ľţ졢׹㣬ҲʹƷʥˣ
ƷʥҲֻа׵衢·С𰡢¶ڵʱܹӵС
ŷܹƷʥҪµĲǧڳǳٰˣм
˶ڳڶ˵ƷʥĶƷʥҲƥӡһƷʥǴ˵ҳԸʮʮڱŪ
ڣȴһʮ˼ƷʥΧ


1028 ѪԴ
ʮ˸Ӱ֧֮£ͬʱʩչƷʥ
ˣ
ı಻һƬƬһµĻڶѹ֮ºȻݣʯɷĩ֮ڵ֮µҳ
ʮʽһͬһŴһ
һ̣ȻϢţת׹Ӱٶȴﵽ˼£
ڹĻ֮ϣֻһģĲӰ䣡һԪâȫգ
һ˼ĽǶȣͬһһ㣬ܼĹѰҵһ˿ͻƵ
Ѫǹ̶ֱ
꣡
һɲǣһֱѪɫб񷣬ƥһƬضȾһƬѪ⡣
һķ޾ѪӷѪǹ俪Ѫɫ籩ֱӽǰصռ䶼΢Ť
ǷѪǹΪӽͨʥӵе൱һ֣ϣ̼䱬ݺƥ
ͣ
ӰѪɫ籩֮Уɱʳ⣬˲ɱ
Ҳɣɱ˵һ˲䣬һƬâһƬâ·Խռһ㶸ȻǰЯŴɼͭս飬ǵص
ͭս鵹ǲʲôЩȫǳԼƷʥͬСɣЩͬʱҲҪѪ
˲仯̣ضУ޿ײ룬ûп϶ĵâȻˣ·һ̣Ӱʵˮնϣۻ
ѪǹǹâɨѪγһֱֱ߱˳ȥպɨ
Ӱֱӱһǹâɨأ
ʮ֮һɲǣܴУɱˣֻڵʯ֮䣬ʮ˵սͬһ˺ˣ
ʼգֻ˷ѪǹûڷѪǹ֮йע̫ԪѪǹҲѾ㹻̬ˣ
Ѿˣ
ͼǰĹ㳡ϣ˶Եʮǿס˵ʱȴǹ䣬ɱˣֱսƼת˵Ԥϡ
ǿѾôǿĶ֣ȴǱɱСһɵˣ̿쵽ǸӦ
ڼƷʥǴ󣬵ȴ򲻵
ڶĵӣȴҲԾԵƿ
ʮսһƣҲʧȥϣʱ˸©ǵĵҲˡ
ô
ʮΪ׵һдŭû뵽ֻһ棬Ǿˣ
ʱѾٴɱ
λ󴳹һս˵ʱ򣬾ѾǿĶ֣׵衢·СԼͬʱ򣬶±봳ˣô߰ˣ˰ˣֱһǧʱָ龰
ұˣԼûʲôϢʱ䣬ս棬עԪ
һȻӣҲУͼСģսپ
ɱ
ǹâ趯ѪڷѪǹ֮ϣ˾ʮöһ糤ѪСǹ
ǵƷѪǹǰܣַŰپʮŵη֮Ѫӡ˷Ѫǹ֮УÿһηѪһöǹɵľžŹһҲǷѪǹɱУɵʱԽļܾĻ׹㣬ƾһС
Ϊ˽ʡֻеľʮöʮöСǹת۳Ѫɫ籩֮ɷӿ
ۣ
ˣѪɫСǹɱˣΧȦ˺֮ɱ˵ٶһΣɱһˣ
ȥˣǵѪǱ˷ѪǹʮöСǹ֮УǵҲƺѪǹˡ
ͬǼƷʥзӳȴʮУ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ֻǼϢʱ䣬ʮˣնɱʮһ
һΪ׵ǸˣȻܹһ˿־пʵҲ˱Ϲŷǿ¼һʵŵϣһУһˡ
ȥ˾ȼվѪ׼һȻٶȴˣѪǹֱ̳ȥתۼ䣬˵ĺ֮ǹâһɨҲһնɱ
ʮˣȫɱ
ɱҲﵽһʮ
ˣɱˡ
ڳӿʮ˵ЩûӦǶ֪ף֪ն֮һرһѣҲû뵽ѵ̶ȣʮ˵Ϲÿ˶򣬶һмƷʥ
Ǽѵ̶ֳȣȴɱڶʱնɱûܰ˺
նѾ̶ȣ߰ն˰նֻΣŰնǧնܹ𣿡󣬲ÿɱһѶȣΪڰ֮ڣֻǵ˸ʵߣ˰ˣʵߣĿҲϸĬ
Ҹоɱʮ˸˵УһȵˣҪȥնﲻɡ
ܲôô̬ı׼ⲻǰ˲׼ѾѪô
ڵӿϹŷȻ±׼ܸɵĿܣʵȴ֪ܲ趨ı׼ǲ뷢ŷ˾Ѫ
Ҳû취˾Ѫʵ̫ˣǽڽ֮ĴڣϹŷ岻ʥؼܻһֻˣеķѪǰĿ棬ڻµķѪ֮ǰһЩһЩ
Ϲŷ徿ôɼѪģȴϹŷܲܣܱܲһܵĵطʧ֮⣬Ҳֻ峤ʹ峤λ̫ϳϲ֪ʯȻ̫ϳϣû峤Ҳ֪
ʯܲµһЩ˾ѪӦȡԷ֮ʱʥٻٵķ˲ֻϹŷ徿ôȷĵص㣬ôõ˷˲ȴһգҲϹŷܵ棬ҷܳǧ˵ʱ
ȷе˵ϹŷͲʲô˴ˣһСõܵ˷չһɡ
ǧ꣬ǧ궼һΣѪڷ˲ʣ֮٣һܲɼľѪжأ
ЩѪҪǧָ꣬ǧӿֵš峤ų̶ȿ֪ˡ
ʯеӰʼճĬڵı֣ûֵ޵ĵط󣬽ʹȴѾզ࣬նʱÿһսܼѣԶûôɡ
ɱһʼʮˣҲûʲôȻÿγֵĶֶǿһЩ˵ȴʲôһ·նɱѪɱҲѸٵš
ȴһֱûж̫Ԫ̷ѪǹõѪСǹҲһʼľʮöʮöʮöСǹһǵصѪ籩˺նɱˡ
ֻҪɱһˣɱģɶˡ


1029 ־ͶӰ
ʮˣٰʮˣ߰ˣ
ŵ߿ǳ߰նͬʱԶֵҲʮһˡ
ÿһ˽ޣѶȶἤһΣ֮䣬ѶӲ󣬿ٵ߰٣ѶȽһ
ʮһˣȫǰɣδܳɾ;ɵʮһʩչսʱѹٴ
ֳַѪǹ񾭱ͬ˿һ㣬Ϊֹһ˼ǾǽԼԪԼʽһнͲõڶУ̷ѪǹͲԼԪ
ʡսȻҲսӣսԵ
ȴսУԼȵһһļޣֽӽԪʵĥԼս
߰նЩ֣һԣǵսҲǲܻɣЩߣǵϱûĴһַ¼˻УǵӢˣ
ΪͬʱٮٮߣЩһóսսḻȻǵΪֻаɣھԼԪ£ÿɱһɣȥɱһ˵ʱ򣬾ͻ⵽˵ϹòСġ
ս֮УҲ˼ĺôȡټ֮ʶʽսźǵս
߰ʮˣ߰ʮˣ߰ʮˡ
Ȼ߰նʱԵĶǿ࣬ǲֹĽŲһ·նɱɱ˰˰ˣ
ʱѾȥ˽ʱ
˰նˣ
ڳ˿еľ󣬶һڿˮǷ֮ǰǰѻ̫ˣڱ˵洳ص濴ǣʱȥʶЩĿϾӵɱУЩˡ
ţǸǡΪ
˰նԶʮĸ֣ʮ֮УȻһǿߣ
ڶʮ꣬ĶȻҲǶʮ꣬ʮľǸʲôǼ¶ٶȲˣ¶ȻСŮʵڶʮ꣬ͻưɣҲöʮ˾䡣
ٶ˱̬ΪѪȱݣʵϲ¶Ҳ̫Զ
˰նԵһȺƿֲĶ֣
ʮ˳֮û̶֣ȴڹ۲ǵĿȫû壬ӵԣѰ㡣
Խ棬ֵԾԽǿһʼе󶼲ģĿܣûǣͨǵ棬һսַ꣬ܣǳ֣
֮ǰ˵ûһļ䷨Ϊ籾һ־ͶӰÿһеţᱻͶӰķʽ֣¼Ķ֣ǻǰ¼ʵţÿһˣõʮֹУ˽ܣǵеٮٮߣȥʥĵطȡƷʥ
˵ǰ׵裬Ҳλ󣬵ն߰նЩɾͣҲֻ̫̾Զˣ԰׵ԵĶ֣ǻɵܣûʲôǣսַ壬׻ɱԵĶָ޷ȡ
˰նСߵһˣϷ侳ʱҲǿһأɱ˰ٰʮˣûͻƾŰˣСӵӣһֱ֣Ҳ⣬ǵ˾Ű֮Ѷȣʹˣ
ʯţ˵֮䣬ѾǶʮ˽ˡ

ʮͬʱĿҪնʱƾٶȣ߹ٶȿļ϶ܹڰ˰նʱѸһĹѾܣʱΧľ档
ͫȻһȣ֮֮УƽսХγ־ͶӰ
ƽս־γɶʵѹȣ־㹻ǿʱ򣬹עκ֮ϣΪ᲻ɴݵͱ־ͶӰ֮еĿԪ
־ע֮УÿͻȻüӲ羫ֱ֣ӽ̤־ĵ˼עԪ֮УԪñɽõ޷á

ǰâֱӱ
ֻâһۣʵڵʯ֮䣬ɽâԪȻɢۣһУҲС
һԼ˺Ĺ϶һ
׷磡
ûʹ÷ѪǹֱӶԼԪ׷ȻѪǹľžŹһ󣬵ٶȣȴȾžŹһö࣬Ҫľٶȣ
꣡
âһһõĺֱӱᴩСâϯ˲鵤˵
ɱһ֮˳Ҫɱڶˣȴ˵Ĺֻ屩ˣȻϯĵâȻڶ˵ûԣһ˲ĽӲ
㽩Ӳʱ䣬˵㹻ˡ
ʨԴ

аѿĵڶƬҶϹʢһʨһֻʨڻƽսļӳ֮£ʨٶ˲ﵽĵزռ䶼΢Ť
ۣ
ʨһ磬ǵڶ˵ؿڣٴɱ
Ȼһգ۵ʱɱˣʯ֮䣬սȴɣǷӦ΢һ㣬ǹʽνӲϣǽȻ෴Ľ֣˰նʱԵĵȷʵѾʼвˣòһչֳʵҲĵ
ʼǰǧնսˣеǧնԭĻҪһЩ˵ڻ֣ȴԤϵŰնǧնʱѶȻӿֲԼԣҲȫԸ֡
ǧնѶȸʮ˲߲㣬Ϲŷֻһͨأûԭģ
Ҫ֪ϹŷһǧˣʱӿֳţЩŵУ֮󣬻дԵȫǧն֮ǰ飡
ɱ˺оѹʱ࣬Իƽսϣ˳ɱˡˡˡ
ɱڰ˵ʱ򣬶ʮ˵ķѾնɱ֮һսҲױˣɱʱ䣬ʽʹʮȫ
Ӱ˰նŰնҲֻĲˣһʮˣѾһȻѾû˻˳ͻƾŰնˡ
û뵽ʦ֮⾳Ҳ裡
˫ϵʣ⾳׺ͶҲĸߣ
һҲɱһֱɱ˰پʮˣĳ˻ʯĳɼ
ʱٵĶ֣ٶˣ˶ʮˣʮߣ֣̺֮һԵĵ
ֻҪͨŰ˵Ĺؿӭǧն


1030 ֮
Űնʮˣɵıռ֮һǷʮֹ츳·СҲй֮޲
򡢼Ʒʥս飬ҪսʤǵѶȿ֪
ʮ˳֮ǽͬʱ˸⻪Щ⻪۳һķģһƬһĲš
ʮ߸˽£Ȼγͼ
ͼ㶦֮Χסÿһͼһ߸λ߸λķķֱǺƳϵɫмһһ̫İͼ
ʮˣÿһ飬һ飬Χ
Ƴϵɫ˽ľˮԪΪ𣬻ΪΪΪľΪ磬ΪˮΪף
֮⣬ټһһףΪΪ
ľˮһ֣Ϊ֮ͼ̺ĵΪ֮ʼ
˲;ɫʮأŰնĵˣȻǿ󣡲ǰ׵衢·С츳Ķ֣һ۳˴ǵĹ
ͼڹ㳡֮ϣֹĵҲɵӣȻóƵĿֲˣڹҲҪô󣬹ǰսôǧնģǶȻһɳ羴֮顣
ֱܹİ
ȷʵ̫ˣǰĲиǰȥô治֪ôģ
ԭΪǧնһģڲ֪ǧնж̬
ֹĵӱ˴۵ʱѾǰĶʮ˽֡
ʮ˸ʩչĹŷ֣ÿ˵ĹϽµͼԣ𹦵ıӦ׹ıӦף
ǡ
ͫһۿͼϮԪעѪǹȻһǹ̳
ѪǹӿֳһɰɫѪⰵѪѪɫ籩ɾŰپʮöѪɫСǹɣÿһöСǹ̺ɷ
¡
һѪǹɵĺصײͼ֮ϣѪɷͼȴûбǶʮˣȻɱ
Ȼס˷ѪǹĹ
ˣѪǹǽӽͨʥļƷʥĹ൱һ֣ڣѪǹҲʮɵЧҪɱǣøǿ
žŹһ󶼲ˣʲôʽʹ
ӶΪһѺƷʥ㹻ʹõ侳ڣƥܻ׹ʱҲǷѪǹ
üһѪǹӹɣȫ߶֮£ȴûƿͼⲻϣ˷ϣͼ̫ľˮ⾳
ⷽѪǹžŹһܻѪɫ籩ȴҪѪ֮⾳Ѫ֮⾳ȻУƲͼǱȻġ
ţûжú⣬ǲһӦԷʽ
屩˿һа֮£һ̣ڻ֮޴ڵĻԪ۵һͬһ޴©ۣһâ貵ʢ
һδùʽҲԼɱУ
ͼ֮пһ꣬ʮ˲֮Уеõڻͨϵ⾳ǰںΪһ壬ڹͷĤ̹֮ĺͼ
ɵʱ򣬾ͳԪƷϴǾգЩա
ôĿ򡢲ɲ棬Ѿ˻ϵɱУ֮ǰܸƬе䣬ԴʽڿţһԾ򶥼⣬Դʽף
ʽȻȲһЩﴴģǸʺԼʩչʱһն֮ʱ춯صǹХ쳹أһĿĻɫƬգһ㣬ֱһ롣
ɵķ棬Ϥ˻ϵǰ⾳ıʣڷĳɾͱһǰͬն׵衢·СţԻϵ⾳ǰصҲȫȲǺʵǱһҪ׼̶ֳȣȻֻҫһ£еĽתս
һʱ䣬ڻз·һ̫綼ǹâһƲɵƣ˺ĴأгһϿǵʯɷĩɢ
һǹϰʮʩչǿһ
¡
ǹâصײһͼ֮ϣȻֻײһͼȴͬʱͼܣһ̣ʱ·ֹˣؼ䣬ֻʣº᳤գ˺Ѵصǹâͼ
ԭתͼȻתֹ֮ͣ룬̫վŵߴڵѪǽµĺƺϾҪ˺ѣȴһ㣡
Ŀһھ֮г˯Ļƽսֱ
ƣ
ǿע̫ڲеķ֮
ǹâټϻƽսͶӰ˺ɿռ֮⣬Ѿóǿ
Ҳ˺һͼõֱӱ¶Ĺ֮¡

ĻŹᣬһ˲Ϳź׹Ӱٶ¡
зѪǹ̶ֱ
磡
ԭ⾳ںϵıֻ֮֮͵ıը֮ǰͱ˵ҲûĹǴѪֱڱըб˺ѣ浱
ʮˣѱնɱľˮԪ󣬱ˣ
ˣ
̫ǿˣѪǹžŹһκβ˵ĴҲƾƵһɱˣҲòˣӮˣ
õǻϵ򣬶ҺܿԴʽˣʼڣûùĻϵ֮


1031 һǧˣ
ƾŰն֮Ķôǿƾڻϵ⾳ϵ裬ͼ˺ѣ
һԴ似Ϊ裬ں˻ϵȡ봴⾳ǿɱУĿǰǿʽ
һԪ󷨱˺ѣɱ˾׶ˡ󷨵Ĺ޷ٶвʩչ裬ȴԽڳɱ
û˵˵Ľ⣬綾һǹâֱ̽ӽһߵĵ˲ɱ
ͬʱȥߵļ˷׷ֱֳϮɱҪ֮ʱϧͼƣվ޷еĽǶȣʩչٶȣͬഩһ㣬Щд˹ȥ˲һĳһߵߣ߷ӦѪǹɨŰپʮöСǹֱӽɸӣ
ɱˣ
ɱԽ࣬ɱľԽ죬Խɣ˺ɱˣʮˣڱɱ⣡
ˣһʱǰһâһεĶֳˣ
Ƕʮˣǽµͼȴһ֣оʮ˴ﵽ˾ɣ
Ķ֣һαһǿ
Χ߶õ̫̬ˣʱ䶼ûУ
ֱǲĿ飬Ҳˣһ˭ܵˣ
ǰǸ׼Ŀȥһ˶򲻹˵ǶԷͼˣ
ֻ˵죬ǰҲһųսǰͨ˿ô
һͻȻ˵ÿ˶֪սţʵϣڳĴӶֻ֪ǰǧն˾ʲô֣ȥˣȴǸԡ
ԭǰսĶǰôţƣڿ϶Ǹ峤û˵峤սţȻսôţƣΪʲôûܳΪ峤
һͻȻʵҲеʣǰսΪʲô峤
ҺҲûô˵ս¼ûмսͼʯ̣ѵˣţƵţĻ̫ϧˡ
ֹĵǷ׷ţͽʹˣʱϵ̬ЩȻˣʵսϹŷʷȷʵἰ⽫˵ˡ
СĿ˻ʯһۣ»ʯЩۺʹ죬ΪսϹŷ岻ٸ߲֮ĹϵʵǲôãʯòҲˣʹɻἰսˡ
û뵽ʯȴƺûбܻ£һԴζ˵սƲϹŷˣȻ峤ˣǳνһپʮӣԻϵ׺ͶȺܸߣǰϹŷΪ˰ͽ峤ɫŮӵŷѪС޸˳սƣսϹŷһʱ䣬ҲܲμӹŷʱսƲμӹŷʱϹŷţȫɨ޷ȡһݣǾǺȺ
Ϲŷ壬ǧ˿ڣȴûһڳսǰվֱˣΪûе
ʯ˵Щп˵ĳսƣսʱʯҲϹŷ֮һǻǧն̾󲻳սôͨģ
һЦ˵ЦǣʱϹŷĸ߲ǣȴҪڹŷֳϵͽųսƣСԪѪ֮ȻųսƲڵŻҪкã󣬻˳սƴԴ˵Ǽ
˭û뵽ʯͻȻ˵ôһǰϹŷ߲ˣǱֶߵˣ˭ӦʯĻ
ٺ٣ȷʵǼԼԼû취ǳĶӰ֪ôϹŷܲڳ磬Ȼڳ磬͵ͷģϹŷĺ߲ܶ㣬궼С׷ߣ󲻵Сò츳֮ŮҲΪǡֻĿųսưСȢߣϹŷ徫׼Ļ鷿õСԪ٣õѪ֮ٺ٣
ʯȻЦЦȴЩ䣬ΧЩǲ룬ʯҲС׷߰ɣȻҲ룬ȥˡ
ʯĬһֵսƲɫգҲ׬ˣƨˣµ걻սƲȹˣϹŷθ߲㣬ǲǺܱңǲǾòţǲǾãЩϹŷľǰȻˣ
ʯ޼ɵҲȷʵûʲôñܻģı֣˼峤̫ϳϣû˸Ұô
ֹȴĿ࣬ûע⵽ڻУѾʼڶ˴սˡ
ʯ˵һβΪ֪ʷȷʵõײ𾪣ǿϹŷľﶼɽĴܣû뵽Ҳڹʱ򡣶ϹŷԺҲǸƴ֮ͨܣڿڸ߲εǰϹŷҲüβˡ
ֲùսˣ֪ĲŲ࣬ԭϹŷĸ߲㵱궼ս˵ģǿеˣҲսˣܲôҪңҲᡣ
ǰϹŷԴǳսҲ˲٣ⶼ˼ʣۺ죡
˽Ԫ˵
֪սĶ
ܶӲʣʯƺЩ˵뷨˵սѾǳĳʹϹŷ壬峤ҪȥӭӰݼһʹִƳ總С磬ľ
ʹսƣ֮ӣųս
һȢϹŷ֮Ů
ЩϣڳǼʣȢСһǿŷѪƯȡԪǶôҸһ£
ϧ˵ǲͬģټҲûá
ʱڻеĻɱȻѾһɱǣͽǧն
ˣ
һĵʮ˸ɸ֣ǱŴ˵һ˺󣬳ûͣѸײڶ֮ɱˣѶ
ʡԪһһһɱ
ˣ
Ҫǧնˣλʮ𣿡
гڴ뿴ܲɣǧնȻǣǧնĵ˾ȻٳûȴǸܳһϢʱ䣬һӡ
ԭľͲź͹ŷѪ֧֣һӵʱ䣬ָĲˣʱǰĿռһŤĹâһֳ־޽ӡ
ɫսףɫ磬߾ųߣʮ㣡
ţֻһ֣
ڳڶڶȻһΪҪʮֵģû뵽ֻһˣ
ֹӵǰ棬ʯȴȻһ۾бŷһ˵ľ⣡սƣ˾Ȼǳսƣ
Ķǰǧնս


1032 ɳº
ʲôսƣ
սս
ʯһ˵ڳǶ㵵ĳͣĪ
û뵽Ķ־ȻǳսƣʯŻ龵Ӱеս۾ȻһɣĿƺҪųˣ֮ǰȫû뵽ôɡ
ˡսƵ괳ʱҲǶʮ꣬ԲŻᱻĶ֡
һιŷڵʮɣԶʮ굽ʮһΪձ飬Ϊʱ߶Է֮Ѿ߹ģΪ߰˾ɣμ࣬Чá
ĻޣĻѾͣЧҲá
˳սͬʹ˵ɣҲɡ
¼ÿһߵϣĻԭӰսͬ䣬Ȼˡ
һǰľǿߣ뵱ŵĶԾ
սʲôˣǰս֮ӣĳʹλȨϹŷ峤ʱ򣬸ǿ
Ҫ֪Ϲŷĸ߲㣬ڵ꣬Ҳвٱսѹ࣬ǳԣ
Ӯ𣿶־Ȼս
ҿս̫ţˣ֮Ӱ
ȷʵӮҲûһս֮ôҲϹŷ壬һţ
ЦһΪܺ˳ͨǧնڲ֪ǧնѶж̬ңǧնҪǰսɣ
ǰսսʤõǧնĳɾͣȴҪԳսƱˣѶȵȻ
ɣһҪӮǾţˣӮˣսƴսʮغϣҲŰ
ڷ׷֮ʱڻеȻֻڹ۲ԼĶ֡
Ϊ
΢΢һ㵣ΪεĶֱȻɣ񺣣벻ֻǰɣ
ʮİɣٶȶԾ˵졣
ǣ˶ӶԷٶȲһУϾвپţڰɵʱѹΪʱ䣬ƴ򣬹̸һƾɣͻܸķϴǱ죡
ǰˣ¾һͣ
û뵽ôˣߵϹŷ壬ûôѽ
սƿͻȻЦ΢΢ü˵湻ģ˼ƺϹŷˡ
ɣ걾ɻǧնʱͬνšǼֱĿڱһȺȴҲҳ֮ӣǿЦһ뿴պϹŷ廹ʲôǿȥʧˣһûУ㣬Ҳǿһˣ֣ʸñסˡ
ţһ㵣ͨսƸղŵĻܲ²ԷݡԭǸս
Ǳսƣս˵ЦЦгźͲ񣬲ȷʵвʱ
ʱڻ֮⣬ʯȴͷҪˣʯߵĿΪȶŤǻʯΪŭɢĻʵĻðɡ
ܲŭսƸղ˵ģͬνšǼֱĿڱһȺȴҲҳ֮ӣǿЦȻ仰ѻʯҲȥˣ
ããϷô󣬵һα˵ܺãսƣ㹻ϷҪжţƣǰܴǵǲǻ£
ʯһȼƵģʱҪʲôʯ֮ڣԱ˲仯ɷɻҡ
Ҫ֪һеŶģӰҲģģǳսƶ˵ˣһҲ˵ǰٵĶּ൱ڳսƱˣ˵ĻȻ˳սƵʵ뷨
ûʯܲŭսƵϹŷ岻ԴСҲˣʱῡܶһҪڹŷɱɱսƵ磬õ趼ʶڳսֱЦǴлˡ
ǿ벻̣
ʱڻʯʹס˺ձҲӿЦϼƢһɲһı꣡
ŭڵĳ϶ùѪͷͲ˼Сǰ棬еĳսƿνĺĺҪûʯѽ
ǸоߵĻʯһʱᱬĻɽʱ򿿽ܿܵù㲻þͳ˳ͲˡҲ˿ֻ
Ըܴò࣬䲻Ҫǧ̫ѿˣҪָʮУܴ˳սơһڿˮߵĻԪ˵
ҲǿЦǰҪȻͷһŭûùӳԣŭǲ׵˳ǵͲĿǰٷ֮٣֮ǰǷ˲ٴ󣬸һЩ飬ͷҪǿģҲͲ׷ˣҪǷˣĻ꣡
ָֻˣҪ˳ˣպ񲿵ԴĬĬ˵ְλϹŷʹ
ʱڻУ׼սȴͻأһϵ
ϷϹŷ̫ϳϻʯҲǵϼ峤ϷˣⳡսΣҪϷӮƴҲҪӮһһ㣡ҪţҪңǳսƸӴ趼ϵãҪ˾ѪϾ͸㣬֮⣬ԴѪѪŮˣҪʲôʲôʥ㾡һʱ䣬һȫ֧һУ
ͻЩϹŷ̫ϳϣϼ峤ʯ
⡭־ôͻȻڻǣڹעԼղһ׼˵Ǵ׵ĻԭԳơϷ򡱣ɴԳǡӡνѪŮˡ˵ˣʵЦãӡе̫ϳһ㶼ǵ¸أλģôŴ׵ģʯսг
ܿ죬ǰĳսƾ͸˴𰸣Цҵ˭Ǹǰųʲôʨӵ˰ɣǿҲеӡû뵽ƾ㵱ʵܻ쵽Ϲŷ̫ϳϣϹŷǲˣӻ졢ЩԺϹŷ壬һһˡ
սһ˵ʯŭҧгݵĵսƣϹŷвв˵ģϻ˵¼£Ķ֣ڵĵӣӽ͵ſȥ㱻ӵĵӴõ趼ʶ
սڵĵλҲӽʥȻʯ첻µزµԸôµսƣҲֱӳıʦЦá


1033 
ӻʯͳսƵĶԻУҲܲ²һЩ˹ȥľ𣬻ʯȥȻҪȳսƲԶˣҳսҲϹŷˣҲʹûʯϣϹŷĵӣܹսʤսơ
һսӮֱӴӻʯõĺôҲ᲻С
ȻΪʯĺͳսƵĳͻҪӮҲӵѣĶֿɲһûʶܣһǵʶ塣
ͷ㴵ôҿĽսҰɣеҳսƣгһգҪԽսˣ˼ҾͿܷ񵲵ʮ
սƴЦţȫΧռԪ֮˵ˣֻԽȥսʤŵķݶʲôʱԽսǼֱǶ츳ˣһսսռ˺ܴıˣ˳֤츳սƵȻһ㣬Ҫһѹս
ս̧еľ޽ҲһѽӽͨʥļƷʥڡڣҲʹüƷʥõͨʥҲѷӳû̫á
һ̵ĳսƣͷ·һ߲ʵĴɽԳصѹͲӵĸоΧֹĵֻͨ龵۲죬Ҳһִĸо
һƽ£
սƳˣ˫ֳ߾޽ȻնµĴȻһ𣬷ǵ죬һƣÿһƶɿף
һն˹ǿŽ⣬һֱסӵĸо
һзѪǹ̶ֱ
һ˲䣬ߣԪɽһ㱬γת籩ڷ籩ģһŹ⻪
ԻϵںϷ򷢳ǹУ裡
¡
սƵһصնڷѪǹŵ֮ϣµײγǿĳ˽ִĴȻݣ
һ̣ڹ㳡ϵֹĹ֮žҵ˵Ľ֣Ȼû󷨵
һײƣɼǿߵĽ֡
ţ⾳ںϣ
սһ˿֮ɫԭ֮ҲԼҲϵģ׵ָ㣬ȴĸоԼͬʱ򣬷Ȼ
ôܣ
㾹Ȼڷ裬ȷʵԴʱˣҲԴѣȫֵʱ򣬾ڣ
δȫҲûкֻ֣ЩʽóӴҵģԭΪڻһ־սԲŰЩʽѹڼȻ㣬ǰľҲᱣˡ
ĺɿռһҪԪ֧֣ʱ޿̲ԪŲҲеάֲסԭΪԼɸһǧһնһǧնԼļ޵ڿƺҲǵǧնֹôȻûҪˡ
ʲôǵ˼ղֻ̽һ£
ո⾳ں϶óˣұΪǿɱˣôк֣
龵˵ĶԻڳῡܶ̾ĸоԭֻ֪ǿǳǿǾǿʲô̶ȣȴûиֱ۵ӡڿսıȶȴˣʵѾĲˡ

սƶڻߴ֮һĲӰÿһ̤£жһٶ˲£ڳڵͨ龵Ͳ׽սƵλá

𣬳սƵĲ񱩵磬ϯء
֮⾳
üһսҲֹͨһַ֮ڳֳٶȣǷ֮⾳£ٶȣ֮⾳֮⾳⾳ģ֮⾳ڱ仯֮⾳ڼ٣вͬ
ǰܺɨϹŷţΪÿ涼ǿóһܱȵģͿ㵽ܸܲϱĲֻᰤ򣡡
֮⾳ٶԱ仯ϳսƵĽŲմԷ½ǵĻᶼûУҲͲôˡ
ٶôǡٶȷ棬ҲšǷһȣٶȣͬδ֡
ſ׹Ӱͬʱתؼ˲ʧȥӰ·̣޴ڣ˸޷׽
̣սƵһ
֮⾳ռ⾳˼ȷʵҾˣӽսƴһһն
꣡
սƵؽĲϣȻȴд˹ȥûκ˺ֻǲӰ
ͬʱڳսƵһǹֱ̳սƵıģսƱ·۾һƣѾʮ֮⣬ǿߣٶţչٶȵ۷Ծ
ٶȡˣ
ֹǿ壬ҸӰֻܿģһƬɫʣ
ֹĵӣ㣬ΪڣǵʣֻǿͳսģĲӰЩӰһƬЩ棬ЩǼ٣ͷֱ治
һЩͻڵߣҲҪȫעǿͳսƵλãȻҲֻǿѣҪϣȴˣ
ô죡ȥ˶ô򣿡һǿЩɥ̾һЩˣŷעֻˣңҲһιŷĻᣬպûݣˡ
̣֮
ڸƶʱ̣սһмƷʥĹ֮ھ޽֮е󷨣һͨȼųɫľնɱĲֱж£ڿеļʮĲӰն飡
ŲæзѪǹһŰپʮöѪСǹɷ籩ɱȥ̼֮ҵײһ
ǣ
ѪСǹͬһкȼյ̱֮棬һײ֮
ֻǧ֮һɲǣŰپʮöѪСǹ˴룬Ѫ̣֮ҲĹ˺ˣһԵƣٶҲ󽵵͡
ƷʥԼƷʥսǰδеļң
ƣ
һǹӳֱ֮ϣ˸飬һɲǣսƳڶй֮ʱȴͬһǰؽȻһһ̣ʮ־㵵һĻˣսеؽȻһ˲һΪߣӲͬĽǶնɱһ˲סеܷ
ѽȻ߰ѷֽɵģ
ٿأ
еʯĻͷۼ߰ѷɽֱԼĻԪȻһ
ƽս飡

һɲǣ˯֮еĻƽսüз־ͶӰʵռ䣬ռ֮еһУȫҪ֧ܵ䡣

һƽսһΪߣע뵽߰ѽ֮УֱӽķɽӲĶ˿У
ʲô־ͶӰƽս飡
սۿ߶ס˷ɽ־ͶӰ׾ˣȻǻƽս飡


1034 ѪVSѪ
սƸղʩչʽΪһս似
ս飬ҲжӦ似ģֻܴ½λ棬ΪʮǰĴжϾӵս˸֮٣ܴ½˴ֻǽսΪһֶָΣȴûרŵ似֮Ӧ
򣬴꣬ս飬Ҳչ˶Ӧ似Ҫһࡣ
νսʹɳȥɱˡƷҲвСɣһɱǧ֮⣬£Դ͸λ棬һλ棬ɱ
սƷ׼ߣƽʱõսֶΣԼٶҶֵߣʩչ߽ɱˣʤڣȴֱսƵʽסˣ
ƽս飬ΪȻӵлƽս飿
սоĪʱս鲻ǰΣѾ㹻ˣǱȴһ󾳽磡
Ȼûս似ˣҲѹƳսƣսƷĲ࣡
պһָƷսɱˣɱ֮ʱ⾳ĹսֻһΣ
ӵлƽսˣǲ˼飬СˣȻˣҾʩչȫΪһˣܱҵһ԰ˣ
սƴЦţüͷ㻹ǴԲѣ֪˭ţΪԽļ壬ΪԼǸһȣڳһ߸ϵ̬
˵ˣҵѪȷʵǸһȣҲѪ壡˿ڣͷΪŵȣзˣ壬壡ϹŷȻųϹŷ壬ʵķ˺ᣬķ˺ᣬһǧڵĻǻ˵ãҪռˣֲֻ˷Ѫѣ˵ףǷˣ
ֲѪ˵ĺᣬȻв׿ѪŨȵĲ첻̸˵ĺᣬȫĤ塢ࡢѪҺëָ׶ǳޣǵ֮壬һЩܽһ壬ôȥѪԶ䵭Զ֮塣
ֲѪͲͬˣֲѪķܣѪ֮ҲõŷѪͨ飬µŮȴδŷѪǵӣѪ֮͸ˡ
ˣϹŷ벻ϵ˵ֲ֮ŷ֮Ѫ˲ܱ֤ѪŨȡ
ǳսƲͬǵļѪ壬ȻԶԶȲϹŷѪȴŴġ
ս˵䣬ȫžžı죬忪ʼθߣϵĳս׶ʵļŵĹ·Ҫըһ㡣
ϣȫ˳ɫƬѪһɫ⣡
ҳѪΪѪѪҺ𣡱֮󣬳׼Ѫ֮սأܱɷôϹŷ巢չֻһʥؼѣڴδֹľҲֻǽӽںʷвֵһᣡȴǳԽ壬ǼֹѪעң
սƳХһȫתٶȺͼԵĹֻƾԵѪ
˶Ż龵е龰ʯɫˮ󣬻ʹҲбһڻ𣬶ֹĵӾͷŭˣһȭͷյ졣
ûԸⱻ˱ӡڮ٣ο漰ҫ
ƫƫ뷴ȴһֲ֪ôĸоƺϹŷ壬ȷȷʵʵǱȲ壬ôˣ
ˣ
ֻеϣսʤսƣþԵʵöԷ죡
΢΢һȵڵϣͬһùɣų߾ŴķѪǹ³ȥŰپʮöѪСǹΧǹתȫڲϵڣ
ͻȻ΢΢һЦ˵սƣϹŷʷȷ㲻ϻԻͣǲǹŷ֮ѪǿǻõĹŷ֮Ѫѣһη˾Ѫ侫󣬸峤ֲֻ峤ſӵУϹŷˣֲʮη˾ѪѪﵽ̶ֳȣνѪܱô
⻹ֻʮΣأѪѾˣѾѪĺᣬֲһѪѪҲǰ׷ѣ
ĶԹŷѪ֮ԱǣôǰרܵϹŷ壬ȢϹŷŷѪС
Ϲŷ֮ѪӵѪܹģڵѪ㣬ȴŨȲ㣬Ʒʲ磡ƷʣŷѪǧѪҵѪȻȴǱޣδҿмʮΣһٵη˾ѪңԶĽһ᳹ɱɷ壡㣬ȣ
һϯ˵ʮ㣬Խ˵棬Խǵһ䡰㣬ȣֱ糿ĺģХ죬Ƭգȫص񷣡
һϯȴ˵Ϲŷ˵Ŀ˵ѪڣʯΪ֮ݡ
ʦ˵úã
ʣ
ֹĵ̲סսϹŷѪλȢϹŷС
ȻΪνѪѪŷѪֻŨȵ˼£ԵȴҪŷѪƷʡ
ֹĵӣ츳УΪŷѪУΪڵѪŨ̫ˣ
ֳ츳ϵȡԼĻԵδ޿ܣ
ߣСֻ¿Ŀֻ꣬ҪһԤĹδ´ﵽޱȿޱȼգҲǰΣ
ãܺãսƿĿžâǿۣ㲻츳ڣһһžǿߵģҲ֮ļ㣬սھͳɾͻƽԭ򣬶˵棬սɣսĽ֤ۣ
ս˵䣬Ȼ֮һתɱ磡
ųѹȸеϢɱɱ
ʱϹŷĵӶסнţֹͨӾͲ˵ˣʹ֮ҲΪһѺ
սزѾܷǧնˣǹغϹŷҫһս
ϵ¶ʱҲŻ龵Ӱĳڴ֮ǰһֱûкӡ󣬱Ͼô󣬳ܵһģÿ̹ݡ
Ǹղţ˵Ƿʱǳɺ飬ȴоԼĪıʲô
ҲϣӦ˵ǿӮ
ȻҲ֪ĶǶôĿ£
䣡
սȼܵĻ棬ʩչѪս֮ĹһΣĽµʯ˲ռ䶼΢΢Ťˡ
ڳսƵߣϵԪγޡг㡢лݣ
Ȼǻ֮⾳Σ
⾳̶ȣϹŷĪ


1035 ⾳
ǻϵ⾳
ս߻治ϻûĻߡɺסڡͩڳֹӶǵһ
սЩûĶǳ״ʮĻ·ɵʵϣЩﶼǳսƿ۵ģǻϵԪܷ֧Լġ
ǻϵ⾳εı־
ľˮзǰ⾳ͬǵ⾳һģǾǻΡ
һԣ
ϵԪܹϳɻѻȸ׵ԪҲϳ롢׿ȸϵԪ䡢ߣϵ񣬴ȵȣ
û⾳ߵԪֻ߲ٿزɱУԪÿһιҪ߲ݣûߵԪһɢɳûκɱ
˻⾳ǾͲͬˡ
Ԫʱɢʱ仯ɱУ֧䣡
ԪҲףһǧͨʩչ˷ʤ
ͬ˻⾳ʩչÿһɶǻģҪû⾳ʩչǿ࣡
⾳սƾȻ˻⾳ʦܻô򣿡
ٶȲ࣬Ԫ࣬ΪսƸǿ⾳սƸǲһ磬һѪս壬ʦȴƣҪˡ
ȻڳǶеϣӮǶǷӮսƣȴûʲôģղŵһ˵ȷʵѪڣ˵ףҲֻǿԼǰԶڵѪ֮ǲսơ
ɣ
սƴһΧǲϵĻûɸ̬ĻԪںһγһɫ
һö֣
ԻΪֹע˻⾳ĻԪʹ
ͫ΢зѪǹͬһǹΧľŰپʮöѪСǹҲһѪɫ籩ųϯ
裡
óѪǹԴͬʱֶ˷ں֮ڷѪǹǹ֮ϣһɵſ
Χ۾Űپʮö絶һѪСǹ
Ӵײһ
ȻȴûзԤ֮еҵıըǳſ죬һʮһڽͬһˣ
ڹ㳡Ϲս߶˲ɴ۾һᵽɤۡ
ûõģȻϵǰ⾳㣬Ͼϵ⾳һ磬ϵ⾳ξϳ֣۳壬ģ𣡡
սƴһӣҪݳе飬֮УԳһռ䣬ֻҪȥ֮󣬿ռ飬ںŰĻ֮ƻޱȿֱֲӽκζʳۣ
ʱóսʼδһĻˣһ˲䣬һɲçۻ롢ӵӳ֮бǻ˻ɫĹ
׻ǽħעǹ֮Уȥʢĺǹ֮ںϺɿռ䣬һǹ̳
ǻϵǰ⾳Ҳã⾳ҲãܳսƷԪǿԣһеĺɿռ֮Уᱻѹơ
һУܲãϾ漰ԪȻѾγһѹĽӴԪﵽĻȴпϳʹõʽˣ
ļܣܰᣬȴܱʵõḶ́ʱ򣬻𼫴鷳
ħעͬʱǹйע԰ɫĻƽս飬ҵİǱмضˣ
ţս۾Ȼһɣ˺ҵĳôôǿ
ͨոյĽ֣սƶʵҲ˽⣬裬ѾǿʽˣںϷѪǹĹǿĹĹƲŶԣ
ڣˣ
ô£ʵˣͬʱѹҵΪȻô̬
սԺʯͷʮѵãϹ糡һЩ͸ټˣһһģǾţ
ʩչǷսƸ治Ҳ֣ΪܣǧƪһɣÿĶһȴߵĹԪԣǧ򻯣ûһԿԣͬߵƣÿ˶ͬϲģ
֮ս˲Ϣ䣬սƸϸѾɱǰ
Ѫȼգ
һ̣ȫŷɽ⣬սƵѪѪԱѪս壬ŷѪȻҲжӦı״̬Ǿȼչŷ֮Ѫ
ɵʱ˲֪ĹŷѪǵһγȼգ
ŷѪԽŨңȼշѪľԽЩŷѪߣȼ֮һʮ֮һĹŷѪѾ󣬶ȴڷѪȫȼû°
ӽڽԼԼԪΪ˹ؼʱܹױ
ƾŵ֧֣ƾʵĸӲĶסʮη֮ѪȼգʵȳսƵѪսй֮
ȫȼŻ棬ͷɰɫ⻪ֹĵǶһ
ȼȫŷ֮Ѫ
찡֮ǰʱ˶ٷѪȻȫȼˣ
ұΪʦҪں˻⾳ĳ̵ˣȻƻֵĽˣ
ڳеӶס˺ĿͬһŻһսƣ
裡
һȫԪȫעѪǹ֮ϣһյ֮ǰʮתŷ֮ϣһֻɫӰ
ڵİˣںΪһ

һɲǣʱ·𶨸ˣ޾ɫĹâ˻ռ䣡
ĹսͫȻ˫ֽ

սƵȻһ𣬵ɶڿз裬ؿڴƬ鿪Ѫ߰ߣսƵҲһ˿Ѫ
Ҳܣ
ȻûѪȴɫ԰ףղŵһȼȫŷ֮ѪȻռ˱ˣڴ֮ǰڣսƲ߻ԪըȴҲһЩ˺ȫѪӿԪġ
ֵս쳣ң
սƣ֮ӣĳʹˣ
ֹ𾪵ĺɵΪԵһصĻ⾳ðɵĳսˣݳɾͣţ
﹬¶ֻֽ߬һ촽Ķš
ҲӮ


1036 ɾǧն
û뵽㲻ӵлƽս飬һһֹǿȻԽң
սƴӷվ𣬲һǵѪղǹ⣬սЩţȻ⡣
ֶ˵ÿĶͬҸʵĹϵ̫󣬾⣬δؾͺá˵һ˵֡
һȴܱҵһҪ㣬ҳϣ츳Ѿ֮£һҵɱﵣǰǧնĳɾʱҲûжһУ仹üΪһһóҲ޷ڻֻǾ壬Ҳᱻһ˼꣬ΪһҸ״һƬлõȻ䣬ȴҲ൱ӽȻֻܷӳһеĵһʽҲֵܵģ
䣡
ڳսƵⷬסˣһľѧֻеľųѾͬ˲ܴ죬ÿҲֻܴһ֣Ϊһ䣬ҪעЩƽѧ
һ굮һ䣬ټһЩʧؾ֮У伫ϡȱһֻͽеٮٮ߲лԵõʥ͸˵ˡ
սƵĸףҲֻһƬʮޡ
Ѿ˲õĴˣ
Ƭ죬սƾȻлѧʽ
û취ǽĵ̣սƵļܹ˻ԻͣǱѪԭ򣬸ΪǵĴиΪ㣬ͱһƬϹŷ壬Ļ˵еĶ
ϹŷֹĵӣսҪʹһ״Ƭв似һĶᵽɤۣԷóô
ʦܿµˡ̫ϧˣǳս䣬ʦܿӮġ
Ҳû취ǵ̵Ĳ𰡣ʦһ£ˣһսעϹŷʷǣ
ֹĵӶеΪϧɫ΢΢أһöƬɲСҪ֪ħ⣬ҲֻԪһֶѣȴѾǿа֮Ӧ䣬طʵģҪǸͲ򣬶ǹսƵ˼׵õģһ׹ԵƬ
Ƭ似Ȼ䣬Ͼɽǿ죬ǿƥ
µѾûκαܿǳսƵһҪΨһ̾ͬΪĺɿռ䡪µĺɿռ䡣
ڴ֮ǰΪֹǣһֱɿռѹΧ߷Χ˺ɿռôҪ䡣
Ҫսˣٺ٣Ҳ֮УͲˣҲʧȥȤԽԽʢսƺ⣬̧˫ֽȫڣƣǻ˹̣𣬽ƬնȾһƬѪ죡
Ѫ
սȻһһ̣˾ͷ·أִ췣֮ĽͬĲþ
ͫһ̣ٶȼȫŷ֮Ѫ־ȫ汬ڳĿĽͳĻ֮Уһɫţ
ǵҲֻ˵ĺ⣬Դﵽǿ
ȴҵõʢȻ˵۳սƻǻʯ𼶱ԶܽӴԪȲεҲСЩ˵ļʶųɫĵͬʱٶó裡
ϵǰطںΪһʹһֳɫ⻹ûнٶйע˺ս飬ܹγ־ͶӰĻƽս飬ٶȸı̬һ㰵ɫ
䣡ǣ
սһɿռ֮Уɫɿռ伤ҵײһƺ֮ĳαսӲжϣͬʱսƵĲѪҲڱϵһŨĺɫɢɿռȾһƬѪһ㣡
ʲôȻôǿ󣡡սд󺧣оԼѸţ飡
սƱһ屩ǣƤƬµѪܶѿһ߶ȫӲĽǰ谭ĺ֮ξ˺飡
ȻͬʱѪҲ˴룡
а֮
аѿУаѿƬҶһ˲ͷųһҫ۵Ĺ⻪Ƕɫٶȸֱ֣ɶ
裡
¡
͵ײѪײһ˺÷飬սƷĲѪҲ𣬱ը
ըϯ֮УԪ飬徭룬ѪսȫƬĹ˺֮һȫѪģ
ˣûкˣŶԷˣʽʱ򣬸Էһ
Ѫ
սҪٴδ߶ѪȻʱ״̬ʩչһѾΪǿĸ󣬾ǿʩչҲͬն
ڳսƳһ˲䣬һһ֮Уһֻɫʨӿ
ʨԴ
һʨԴŰĻ֮У׻֯˿͵ıը
¡
ըԪݹսδü۵Ľ׻ըϯ飬սƱҲɳȥȫƬɣѪ䡣
һ㾡ȫһ·նɱսڣɱÿһˣͬеٮٮߣһͬһʱԶɵĴĿ֪
֧֣һսǰϢһӵʱ䣬ǶԾҲֲġ
ղóһ֮ΪͣܵըԪķɣȫľҲɣˣڵսѾʣ޼ˣսƻֻˡ
ڵĳսʵ״㣬һʨԴ裬սƳ˴ĳҪѪս壬Ƭȫˣһܽ˺Ƭˣ
㡭սƿɳƣÿ˵һ֣ѪðҼסˣ

ս˵仰徹ǻɵɫĹâʧܿɢΣսƻˣ
Ҳζյǧն
˳սƣ죡
ǧնǧնˣ
ϹŷֹĵӣȻսƶɱˣһǾ˵ԭǸоҲʤϣڳսóƬвʽʱǶоûʲôϣˣǽȴ˵ĳϣ


1037 ˾Ѫ
ӮˡӮˡţߣʹǴˡ
ãúãʯս˫ȭһս̫ʹˣֻǹսһֺĸоսǸˣ
ӣһԵóЩʽЩ˼飬ԼģӦǵõĳλǿߵĴС
ʯʽĲһ㣬ŵõԵĻԵԭҪֲö࣬Ҳ֣һ½ߣûдԵĻߵһ
һСˣԭΪպпܳΪ̫ϳϼǿߣڿֹܲʥĳɾͣϹŷ壬Ҳչޣ߳Ϲŷ壬ȥգ
ʯһǧ磬ÿһ綼һƬޱȹĴ½Ϊģν磬֮⻹޾ǳЩǳеܹܴ½ڵǳ
Щǳ֮ϣҲ
ǧ磬Ӵ˿ڻÿһ綼йٵʥؼ
⻹ֻǧ磬ǧ磬н硢С磬ЩСУжǿߣ
֮⣬ǿߣڹ磬ɽӺеõ֮
ڶ磬Ще˿ڼһӴĿ
ĺ죬޷κˣ½Ѱʱ䣬֮̽һ
Ϲŷ򴫳ôδֹ춼ҲֻǽӽѣڵĳɾͣɾͽԶȴôһϣ
ʯԵϣϹŷһʵ̫ˣĽǧ˶ѣ⻹ʮʱġ
ʵʥѾ̨ܵԽʥΪǾܳΪ̨ϵ֮һ

ʱңԶĳ磬һƬ޵Ļռ֮Уһĸߴͷ쳤ӡ
ĳһ̣ͻȻУ˫ۣţϹŷеˣ
췢оȣ𣬴Ȼǳսˣ
ʱѾǰ飬ʱʢڰΪȫµŶڣȴ˺ܶ࣬粻һ۽ȻһˣҲ֪Ĺƴ
ڣһһʥص飬ȴȥˣûκ塣
ʥصҲСѹϹŷǲ٣ǰǧ꣬ǧĹϹŷһиţ˵ЩԱ֮Ϊ벽ľһЩǺܴϹŷ峤սԷҲڲ֮ˡ
ڵ䣬ս֪ԼΪǿߵϣԽԽãҲͣʥ۷ˣʥ۷壬ʥ֮䣬һǵ
սһץ·ץ˿ռ䣬޾ңԶ֮ץһƵĺɫϸ˿ģЩµֻѾɢˡ
սſڽЩڣԺжʱûе龰ΪѾ޷ԭʱս龰ˣֻܹǿòΪ
꣬ڻǧնǶʮ꣬ӦҲˣֵҵ⾳ʽȫսʢңΪһ񻰣ǧն뿪ʱ򣬻ѲѪҲʩչһ飬ʵټҵһֳ۷״̬ңȻһͬ꣬ǡţɣ
ս۾һɣӳԾ
ʵԳս˵ͻƾףԸ⣬ʮܳɾ񺣣û塣ֻڸоԼΪΪԼ⾳ƿʱ򣬲Żȥͻƾ磬ڶʮΪѹɣܻ츳ʵ˲𣡳һˡ
ļһϹŷ壬츳ֳΪһƵպȻнҵҪͷۡ
սţϥʼ򣬴ǧʱﵽʥ۷壬һֱڲ⾳򣬱չؿޣ߳ȥѰԵȴһֱһ㿨һǧ꣡

ʱڻǣ֮һǳǧնĵھſǳ
󷨵ĹžҵĲšһ죬ʧһɫ԰׵ӹ˳
ˣ
һʱң۾дһ˿ƣ֮ɫ
Ȼڻ֮սֻľ壬嶼ǻģģֱ˺ˣһ·սڣ˽һʱ䣬ľꡢ־Ҳһ޴Ŀ飬ķǳ
ǧնʱǰսĸ࣡
ȻȽʱ緢߳ʮƣʱӰУȴ·ӵƣļ¡
Խսʤսƣʵ츳ͬһ߲ʵɽ壬˵һ㻹ֹֻĵӾηô֮ǰսƴս֮ǰ˵һϯȴѪڣ˳ݡ
άϹŷҫά˹ŷе԰
¶ġ·С𰿴Ե¶촽Ķһ£̵˵εĴĸ¶˵ɲС
¶һջĿ⣬ͷ˵·ʦ㣬ûµġ
뵽ʲô¶̧ͷսһ˫Сȭͷ˵ù¶ȥֻҪסĽŲһֱ޷ԽδҲΪʥ磬ϣǾʲôûˡ¶΢΢ԥһ£˵ⷬ
ⷬ·СĶУȴѵõ¶˼֮ɫ˵ĶԣκʱԶôǿĶ֣ǶʧȥһŲġ¶츳ҺãֻҪסᣬȷʵԳΪʥ
ţ¶ᶨĵ˵ͷ죬ˣȻ¶Ҳ֪Щв࣬һжô¶˵һҲҪһΣ˸أҲҵ˽Ķ
ʦֶϲˣ߲㣬ǧն㶼ˣӦõġ
óһӵľУݸ
һľпΪ֪ͨʲôľʵ̶ɣ֮ľ֮УúõķһˮķӨ͸ˮ룬ӡһɫѪҺѪҺ·飬ֻǿƺͿ޾Ļȼգ֮Уƺһֻԡ
ǡ˾Ѫ


1038 շﾫѪ
ʦܣϲˣ
ʦܣúð
õ˾Ѫʱ򣬺ܶʶĵҲҲһŨŨĽζ
ǹŷﾫѪǳսֳˣԷ˾ѪҲޱȿ
򣬸Ѫߵľ磬ԡԵ֮⣬ҲҪ㹻ʡ
ΪŵļУ棬ζҪǡǡ෴ʲɻȱֻΪʵֶΣԱԵʲôҪˡ
ѪͨҪֶΡ
ϣѪʵǲôһּΪСĶٶСǲʵҲǱϡè֮ͨǿ󣬱ʨӡϻӣԶˡ
ޡʥޣǾ͸Ī
ޣֻҪн۷ʵ಻ʮҪˡ
Ǿȴͳǿķ֮⣬Ҫģԡѧϰ
ഴ˻Ի͵ûĸ壬ʺһСӤ׹أʮɿԻǳ⿰һΰ漣
ʥޡޣǵЧȴΪޣЩ䣬ҲΪ׼ġȻǿ󣬵ҲȲе
࣬ƣѪȴУӤ޸֮ʮִʱϹʱǣ뾡ְ취ԼѪ
ٶȣѪƣǺʻΪϲԳ
ʱգƴǿļ壬ԼѪУѪǧٹ֣ӡ
Ϲŷڵ޼壬Ϲ塢塢塣
Щ޼ѪΪ߹󣬵ϧǣԶ޷ĽѪĻ֮УֻܿѪֲά֡
Ĵ޼壬Ϲʷϳֹ֮⣬壬ֹǿ߶ǰ벽
Ҳ벻ϵԼʣպУԽʡʱ䡣
ʱһòޣֵŮǰЦ˵ʦֶϹŷ帱ʹλʹִų𽣣һλӦѾʶˣϹŷϼ峤̫ϳϻʯ
һһܡ
̫ϳϻʯ
һϹŷ̫ϳϣʥ
Ȼ˵ʥкܶ࣬ʥ࣬ȴʥûʲô˲ģʵϣɾʥѵòһɾʥһΪһսҲʥѣʥ۷ˡ
Ϊ̫ˣǧף޷㣬ԲԵʥ࣡
ȷ˵һ˿ڣҲһ˿гһǿߣһǿгһʥǿߣ㣬߳ΪʥǿߵĸΪһڷ֮һ
ôһ˾ͻһʥ˿Уͻаʥ
ߡҼǿˡĿ˻ʯһۣ˿ԷڵκΪͷ֮ӵƶһСǵ
СӣϷһ£
ʯͻȻ˵˵䣬̧һĨ˺ѿռ䣬γһռС

ʯʮ㣬޷ܾ
ͷ̧ռ֮Уһֻ̣оԼһŤɲǼ·Խǧľ룬һƬ֮УⲻһԪٳСǧ磬һƬĴ磬Ŀߣ֪̽ȥҲƺ޾
ǡ˵Ĺȣ
һ֪̽ȥʱ򣬿Զдķڽĳּƺ˳ֻּڷ˽Ż֣ͨԼıʱȻ˾η֮ģȥŷһЩ翵顣
˼֮⣬ֵоĳУֵԭҰڽɱս
ЩսϵʿΪǺΪڼʵ˹ʱҲࡣ
ǡ
ҵ磬ҳɾʱڵĴǧݻɵġ
һϵʯߣ֮ԱΪΪܿһǧ磬ԼΪе񣬳ܷ˵֮ˣҴ㼸¡ڴ֮ǰϷһη˾ѪպʼάڵĳɾͣһôϹŷ㣬˾ѪеڶΣΣֱɾͰ벽ﵽļԽǣΪϹŷ壬ҫ
Ϲŷʮ꣬ȷʵҪһǿߣԴȫˣ
ֶͲһ涼һ֮ѹˣԴ˴¡ͬһϼ壬ҲҪһǿˣһǿ֮Ҳһⲻ˵⣬ҲΪһǿߵĳִ֣Ե
ʯ˵꣬һһսֱӴ˷ӡ˾Ѫˮˮѣһ̺޷ľѪƮ˳ɢһǿ󡢺졢ҵϢ
ܸоһη˾Ѫ̺֮ŴƬЩȻǷ˲ģǷһʱ򣬾ķ
ޣھͻƿ̵ͼͷҲ̹ģЩȻɣӽ
ʯöѪƮѪ֮ǿѪΧĿռ䶼·΢΢ŤˣǸ߶۵µģƾһξѪŤʯڵ磬Ǻε۵
η˾ѪӽüĵʱܸоԼüļӴ˾Ѫһ㣬·һʹһȡ
ԭͷϵĹŷӡҲȻȻĸֳŷҫ۵Ľ⣬˾ѪӳȫѪ֮Ҳƺܵٻȫüһӿ·Ҫ۳ʲôһ㡣
ǿḻıԴ򡭡ţһη˾ѪҲüĴ
һ˲䣬ܵһξѪĳأ
ͨŷ֮ѪѪ࣬һη˾Ѫȴɽأ纣
ΪһξѪ޷˵ǷĶ
˻
ݵȸдüĴļ˾ѪֱӻˣоԼȻ·ΪܲסξѪľ޴ĸɣĸо

ҵĴϢţͷ𣬺£ǰʯȫע˫Ѹٽӡֻһɲǣʹӡûڡ
ֲѪҲҪط˵Ƿ˾Ѫǵܴ½˵ĵֲȸѪҪضطʹУ˭ֲֲ˵ġ
ֲ˾ѪѷһʵǿֲЧҪõöࡣ


1039 ֮
Ѫ֮󣬾ͻǧѪ˿ѪоԼ·ȼ
֮Уʶ֮гһǿǵأӴ嫣־ͬԳܵĸо
־
˫ĿԺ֮ƾճһƬ𺣵ľ󣬺Ļ𺣣Աʮ˹¶ȸߵȻǺģʮϰٱ
һźǣ
Ȼһʱޱ𺳣ⲻһźǣӦһųǣ֮еľްԣ
һźǣ̺ޱȿ£ܴ½ڵĺ֮Уᱻճ
Լ䣬·𿴵޴ǵ룬һֻɫĴ峤ͨȼŻ棬쳤·Ϊһ塣
˻һǳ糿ĺһ裬꣡
ɢϢçƴͬã޾棬ֻվǰԳϢѹ
ǡˣ
Ƿľ
һźǵ
һˣԼη˾ѪҲ˷˵Ǹ˷˵־һЩдļ䡣
Ϲŷķ֮ѪǷģ˾ѪҲˣһη˾ѪвҲֻ龰
ֻû뵽ֻˣѡһֱʮĺ
䣡
ȫɫĹâֲĻ𣬴ʮĸ߶ȣᴩźǺ
֮ʱźǶΪ֮޾Ļӿγɼʮ޴ÿһܰһǣ
ŷȫܻһ̣оԼ·ͻһֻˣȡźǵҰʼͻȻθߣٰθߣǸ߶ϵİθߣǲϵİθߡ
оԼ˲·ؼף飡
ĽǶȣ²淨򣬸ʵĹɣ
ӽǣĮ顢߹νزʣΪۻڲУϣˮΣǳ볾ƽȵģûκĸоݣ
Ұеľһ˲䣬ȫĲһˣ
ۿϸ΢Ľṹɡ
ת֮䣬ֿ۵ĹɣˮһʵĺƺǺӣǺǳչ𣬿Ĳ׺ɣܻǨ
ֿ˷֮˺֮еĻֱ仯˷֮ӡַӵͼģһ˿˿ļ䡣
һ˲䣬оԺжණõĻһ㣬Ҫ׽ȴַַ·ʲôץסָоޱ
ַ򡭡
˫ۣ֮ͫбóľ󣬷·ڶǺӵӰУתš
֪Ƿ˵ļ䣬ʱļ䣬Է⣬ͬ˶ԷģԿǹļ䣡
޹Կ̵ķ򣬼ǳûκκӹ⣬汾Դ
ԭ˾Ѫ֮УĶǾѪѪʵĸ죬ǣ˾Ѫ̺ķͷ˵ıԴ䣬ղЩ޵ӽǹۿ棬ȥƷһĻԵֲãϹŷԷ˾ѪӣҲȷʵӣ˾ѪϹŷ屾ûж٣ֻʮΣ߶ʮΣ
ͨЩлȻӽȥ棬ӷԴʹɣպƷô
Ҫ֪ȻӽȻ飬ӵνġĿܿ࿴ĶθߣǵʹȴУǵǿŴѪ
ʹǿȴ已̥ƣҪȥ淨ܵơ
ۺãõĺôȻˣ
ĻԵ̫ѵˣҸоƺѾյ˻ϵ⾳ֻҪչزһʱ䣬ܽˣϧһӽǵʱ̫̣ܶۿһ࣬պܵõڶΡη˾ѪܵõͬĻһҪúðա
ţĥպǷпܵõޣν顱ľѪ壬ϵ롣
Ʒ򽫻ȫ棬Ͼֻǵڻϵѡ

Ȼշ˾Ѫڤ״̬ѣ˫ۣȴԼڻʯ֮С
ʯˣϥǰʮɴҲ˫ۡ
ˣ
л̫ϳϣһݣԼһη˾Ѫյô˳ȫʯ
ٺ٣ţϷ֮£Ϸϣܴһ漣ڽԽĲΣɾʥôãһ˿ܣɾͽ̫ˣ̫
ʯ̾ǿߵĵģһ壬һһѾˣ֮ȣʮϹŷһŵͷȫˡ
ʯֵϷղΪֲ˾ѪڻһЩ̫ŲѪǲǣ
ǡͷ֮Ѫ½λżȻһλµż֮лãȫһ֮Ѫӵʲŵߣﲻڵĳɾ͡
ϽõϽ֮ѪЩħյĺôǸʣԭʵڲôп⸨Ҳڶʮͻɡ
šϧ֮ѪƷʺܸߣڷ֮Ѫ֮ѪֻûרŵѪֲмӳ־ͱֲڵˣ
ʯ΢΢ҡͷ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ѪѪƷʼߵѪҺһҲΪ
õշǧͨѪףѪĵӣַ̫֮ѪѪƷʣ𵽻㾦Чϧʱȫ߱һ֮Ѫֲڵգ־ѪϡͣЧҲ൱ڶһЩͨѪˡ
̫޼ǿһ֧Ϊܶ࣬вѪצѪһӦȵȣѡ⥶壬Ϲŷ壬ֻл֣̫ѪԴʮַḻڵһִһ磬ԴȻḻ
Ϲŷ塢塢壬Ͳܶˣ̫壬޼֮ף޼壬ҲһһպȻΪϹŷҪⲻ̫彻棬ҪעһЩ
Ϲŷ岻Ϲ壬˵˱ȲֻΪѪܵıȷ˶ˣһӣͰѪʮο౾Ͷࡣ


1040 β
ԻʯĶ̣Ȼǵͷǡ
ˣϷǵĿģӦѾµˣϷͲˣֱ㣬ϷΪӣΣ
˵֮ǰѾΪˣ㲻عǣܶڲͬľвͬʦһʮʦ֣ϷΪͽֻŪһ֣֣һϼˣӴԺһϼҲ㣬ȻδҲҪ֧һϼ壬ҲɣҲķչպ֮Ҳ뿪Ϲŷ壬飬ɷԸ⣿
ԻʯĻ⣬ڱֳԽԽ˵츳ƱصõϹŷ߲Ĺעڶ£ûκκô⵽Ĳ¼żһŴǵѡ
㲻صһʱش𣬱ϾⲻһС£ϷԸһЩʱ䣬ϷҪǣϹŷ֮УһϼȣҪϺͻǿö࣡ΪѾҪĺˡ
ڻУҲǼʶ˳սڵļ壬ҲϹŷ屻ѹƵĺܲңϣʵ
Ⲣ˵Ϲŷĵ̾ͱȳʮǧڳǴ۷ڣǼֳһνϹŷ壬ȴǡǡڵ͹ȣܲѪشˣʮûгʲôһ壬Ҫ꣬ǧʷϹŷ壬ʥؼȴʥؼʵжһͬģ塢Ҳˡ
ˡ˵ͷҲһֱԻͣһ֮Ҫǧʱ䣬ڶ
⼸£вɣһὫڵĵطʱٽͶʮ귨򣬻ȥǲμӺ
ʯ˵ţһӣǰ˾ŵͼʯ̡
ŵͼʯ̻Ȼһ壬Ť·Щ··ǳȥʯмơ
ŵͼʯ̵룬һö·ɵ۾ö۾ͳ󣬵ȴ·ǻŵһ㣬ŵͼʯһֻ֣۾Ͷסһɲǣȫ͸ĸо
ſͼʯ̣Ҫʮ챮Щͼʯ̸Ѿֱ׷ʯ̡
Ҫ֪ʯȻӽԴ򣬵ǱϾܸʵĶҪøȫ򣬻ҪϲЩһķ
һϼʥ飬һϼ棬żȻżлõģǳϹŷ峤֣֮ڵʥǰʲô磬Ѿѿ֤ˣúò򣬶֮һ㡣
ʱٵĸı䣬˵ֻʮˡ
ʯ뿪֮ھŵʥ룬ʼ鷨
һƲϵĵӰ֮ͫУ֮ǰĻʯһһ֤
˵֮ǰʯǴ˷ĹǼܣôڵʥΪЩǼѪ⣬ǼǸѪҲȱ١
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ͼʯ̣һ֮ӿռ֮շ۳ɷƬա
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Դһǰɻǧն֮󣬾ͽ˳ʱıչ֮У⻹һڹǰ¶档
˵ǰЩһֱڵ߲ǧǴأһǺü죡
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ǡϹ壿壿


1041 ؾ
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⼸ϹŷõһΣ֧֮Уһ峤ڹ֮أһ壬֧˴˷֣չ׶ˡ
ϡٵ֮һ롢ҪһЩϹŷֻл֧ȴϵ롢롢ˮ롢īĸ֧ǧڡ
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ŮӵĻ㵽Ϊֹʯܲףʶһ¶ʵϾΪ飬ۼΪʵ֮ǰʯ˵̫ţŮ֪ʯ˵ҲЩš
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ٶѾ˺ܶ࣬ѹѾСˣٶΪ޷ά֮ǰٶȣάٶ̫󣬲ֵãξҪһ¼ȻҪԼԪ
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ȣƽʱȣһ֮ãôʱȫĸԪÿһﵽޣȫյ
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£оֱѾ˴Ĺ⣬Ϊӱȵĸ£ŷĳĿǿ⣡
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ȣҲо˾޴ѹĻԪѹΧ紦ƺΪܲסѹ졣
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һ̣аѿƬҶͬʱųõĹԣͬһȼյǣֱӳ˵ڰ˲㣡
һ죬ڰ˲Ŀռϱڱײƣһ̣Ľ˻ڰ˲㣡


1042 Ϲ
ڰ˲㣬Ϲŷʷϣһ漣
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ʯ̲סЦԭȣҲûָ˳ͻƵڰ˲㡣
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Ůһڿˮ˵ʲôû˵ڡ
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ʱϹŷɹ֮Уһ羰µС磬ɽƺƺ¥ˮ鿻ȣз裬ɺ֥Գ׹־ɫʤգ
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տ˵ʱ򣬴ﵽڰ˲ˣ׼ȷ˵ǵڰ˲һǧȣ
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ڰ˲㡭û뵽⣬켶βһ¶⣬ܹߣҲһģ˵ʧܣܹԴãĵӣȴǣ
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һͽȥôʮˣ粻񺣡ɣ̽Ѱĵطʮޡ
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ΪԭѵǲС֮еŵӡ
ЩˣΪߣζĵĴ࣬սɾܸɵ񺣣ܸɵ䣬㹻ߡ
ҽؾһԵŵӽȥҲﾡá
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ҡҡͷҲû취£Ϲǿ󣬿ԱĴԴһãЩʯ֮Ϲյıˡ


1043 ʮ
ؾޣҲϹսǿǸؾ䣿ʯؾЩظû뵽лصĵط
ǰ˵ΪԽߵˣԽͨһռϱڣΪλôǿؾɱ䣿¶Ҳǲʵ
ⳡսǺܾǰˣʷ̫ԶѾ޷׷࣬ƬؾңԶĹȥҲһ壬ѿγڵؾҪǵǣؾ䱦ϧȡܶ౦ȷ˾ѪҪ󣡵ȻõǵѶҲ󣡶˵һشĻᣬǿ˺ʵʱˣʵ㣬ȥ֮ȥ޻أ˲㣬ȥֶ֮顣
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Ҫǵǣؾ֮󣬲ҪСؾеΣգҲҪСˣϾؾһֶζᱻδزɱԽ飬ȻĴһҲֻǱϵģһǰЩԵò԰ˣҪǲҪֻҪøɾ֤ݣ˭Ҳ׷ʲô
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չһ¶Ҫˣһʧ˵ʯͻȻһתЦ˵ûмˣϵѪ֮Ǻģĺ£δزϣ
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µʱܿ͹ȥˣ⼸һֱڱչؿޣ¶ȥؾɭ֮вμʵսɱ
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֣һȥҪ߲ٺôأһǻϼˣҿǵжԵģСӳɳв㸸׵峤֮λģؾ֮У߹ӿĸǶȫִ֧ģС츳ߣΪ̫ͣҶܰƽǸ¶СƤˮ飬ŷѪ˵ǲǡ
ƽһЦеԪΪʺ־ϼԺС磬ȦＫΪ츳Ķ
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Ҿһᣬ˵ҲֱӻɱЩˣҪȻǵĶҪ߲ٵġʺ־ƽ࣬˸ˡ
Щ֮ԪȻ֪ʵ˵֪֪ЩνͲκˡ
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ؾ֮ǰʯ飬֮⣬һŻЩһԵƷԱʱ֮衣
ڵӸµĻȴˣΪ⻤ǷΪ۶ɵĻͬҪܵռϱڵԼҪöؾҪĴʯ
˶ˣλʦܣɡ
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ʮῡܵ齢齢ȼմʯֱӴԽգŴŲƶȥ


1044 ܸһ
磬ǧ֮һС磬Сֻһʮ֮һҲ㹻ˡ
Ϲ峤ޱϹʷϣֹĽڲϹ۷ʱڣҲа벽
ҪǣĽȻһִ֮һȴǲܵģһٴҲռݼٸ򣬻½ռʮ﷽ԲأٴҲռݲˡ
Щһ˵ǲ׺һڰˣڴطš壬ʥء
Щǽý壬ӽĵǲ
ʱһܿռУһŲ۵Сǣֱǧѡ
ĸ߲֮⣬û֪СǾؾĴڡ
ʱؾʱˣһʦ֣ŽϹŷһŵӣսʤͬĳսƣڻǧնУͻƻڰ˲㣬֪Щǲǿˣ
С֮ϣϡϡվʮˣЩ˴һʽɫһͳһɵ˵ĸߴ󣬻ʵһ˫ĿƼΪ͡
Ϲ壬һа񣬸ݸ츳ʮ񺣡ڵӽԻеɱΪο׼ϰ߹һˡ
ϹŷоţΪ֮аˣϹŷܲа˲ΪϹ߳ϻᡣ
һģƺűһڶʮΪʮԴƣһֱһˡ
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˱ʹ߿˵Ϲ嶥ˡ
ӦģˣܿܳΪһϹ峤һеĵ˵˿ȥʮ߰꣬أϡһˡ
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Ϲŷ壡һ̧ͷһĿ˿һϣΪ˶Ȼˣ

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ؾǰʮ
ƽ˵ЦˣһӣϹŷĴӮң˲ţŷѪ¶ʦãԼսʤͬսǰʦܡ
һЦе˵ţ۾Ƴһ¶Զ˵ͷʾ⡣
¶Ҳͷ񣬾ʱٴγˮһ塢Ҳˡ
˱Ϲŷ廹Ҫ٣ֻ֧һһ֧ˡ
壬ÿһ嶼ֻʮӣʮˣϹϹŷ壬νؾĵһʮˣʮˣǾӢеľӢǴһǧ˿ѡ֮ӣÿһˣС
Ŵĸ֣ÿһ˵صС
ؾ֮еĵڣ񺣳ֻռٲ֣ڵļûһֻ֣ҵʵڵģʤ񺣳˵ڣֻԱˣǸһһ˵׼ܲӵ
а㣬ϾǾʵԽһ󾳽ĸСսҲǺ޵ֿ֮
˶ˣ
һһ˦ĽָУʮʯ˳˸߸ߵһɽȵԪ֮ͬϺ˸ܵĳ
һ֮ƽд塢ĴӣҲ׷׽ʯӳһʱϹ죬ֱǶ
ʱֻ¡¡ľ죬һϵʯ̨ӵ¸ʯɽһɲͬʱȼգ
嫵ʯ̨ԶԶϵգƬضŤ
ͿΪȽԶĸɲСƽԪ˵һֻ̣оһƬתָоԽԽǿң·Ҫ˺ľ֮
΢΢üϵ֮еĻƽս飬ǹս鷢һѣĸоȫʧˡ
֪˶õʱ䣬ͻȻеȻһһ̣ѾһƬ֮ϡ
çأֲ̣ҲûУղƣƲѹúܵͣƲ˸ż֣ͬһһ㡣
ֵط
һоڿ֮ж˹ϡçζΪƬռʵڳŵ̫ã꣬ʮ꣡
ؾ̫ʱйĻԻͣǿĴڳУڣʲôȥˣʱֲޣ޷ʱϴ
δͽʮ˶һһӣһﳢ˳ЦƬռûб̽ζŸĻԵҲζŸδ֪ΣգλСİɣڣ˿Զ̽ҲԽУɣֻʮ˸ʱʱ䣬֮ͻᱻͳȥ
ؾޱߣϹŴĴ͵صȴкܴԣ͵һƬû̽δ֪ռ
¶ʦã»ʺ־˳С磬ؾ̽ʮΣգ¾ܶ࣬Ҫ¶ʦøһɣõôƽ֮֡ʣ¶ߣһµЦе˵
¶һ£˵ʵȻЩרžʵսѵǶԴؾһ㾭鶼ûЩҲȷʵϣи˽飬ֻԻʺ־ʶİ˽飬Σտ֪ˡ
룬ϹŷʮУҲֻʶ
ԥһ£¶СԪǸʦ֣ܸһ𣿡


1045 һ
ԭҪˣͻȻһعͷȴ¶ЩεĿԼЩ˵У¶츳ٶϣôóʵսɱټΪƫͣսе׵ģԼһߣȷʵΣա
¶֪֮Ȼ˵ؾΣԲߣÿҲ¶ɲΪһԱ
ʺ־ô΢΢üͬԪظ
Ȼ˵¶һѣ϶Լޣ൱Ǵ˻ʺ־Ȼ»ʺ־ҲԸ鷳
ǡˣ֮ǰһ㣬̫á¶ʵǾȵòˣƽʱ﹬µС﹬ֹһеӣǸǱ׷ΧڣŷѪټԭͲò׷ܲô
˵ĸ߰ԽвģǺģֻ³¶Ȼ߰Ƥǵһ
ҪһͬУ˷ʣΨ
۾ⲻۼƳ˻ʺ־һۣȴʺ־Цеĵš
ղ¶֮Ľ̸Ԫǳ٣ǰ󲻹һϢʱ䣬˶ʱҲ̣ܶʺ־ڹɵǺǵĵ¶Ӧڻʺ־󣬻мƺǻʺ־ѵļһ̸Цţƺڵſʺ־׷Ůɹ
¶Ǻʵڵڳʺ־Ķˡ
⻹һ⣬ԼѰǴ¶ôõķͳˡ
ԥȷе˵ԲԼӣ¶ʮƣԼôܻӭôǳóӰô£ôǵһξ
һ¶ҧ˵ؾ֮ǰʯǰ˵ʲôˣ˵Ѿ˽㽻Ҫչҡ
˵䣬¶Сȭʶս˵ֻ̫ˣί
Ȼϸ룬ʯȴ˵Ļ׷һΪϲĺ󻰣û⣬ΪǿЦϼһˡ
⡭ðɡ
ֻǿӦʵҲѪˣ¶Ȼûʲô飬ôҲڻͬ꣬Ŀ¶£һˣǸŻʺ־׳ΣգԻʯҲû
룬׷һ䣬ͬҲԣлȣұƾ£ҵĶģõĶҲҪ
㣡¶۾һɣСظüҵڿ˵仰ʱһӣȥϴһȭ
̫۸ˣ
仰ǰ˰׸Ҳ϶ҲʲôмֵĶǣһΪԼƤô
¶ôŲͶ񣬷˵Ķ
㵱ʲôˣ㵱ϡҵĶұûҪĺòҪ˶ôУҼСˣ
ЩεӣղŵĻ˵еˣ˵ǰͷȽϺãҵ󱦲أʵֵ¶һҲ⡣
ұȲǴ֮ŮƽȻҪϧԴˣ˵ؾҵĶЩʥᶯģ벻˭Ҳ󷽲ɣʱ䱦Ҳ˵ˣҾͺãԼҲԸ˵Σգҿܻʱรɡ
˵꣬תͷѡһٵķ򣬷ɳ۶ȥ
ɶ񣡡
һ仰¶һţû취ֻܸȻɶ񣬵ŵù
¶Ҫһֱ۰Ͱ͵ŵĻʺ־ɵˣ¶ʲô˼ٸ˵أû
ʺ־֪¶ղ˵ʲôֻ¶ͻȻ񾭲һһţȻһԾҪߣʱˣԼĺøǶڿأ¶ôˣĶ飬֮ǰ׷ŮɶֵģҲʱȴ˱ŸһСѾͷˣˡ
¶ͷϣʺ־ô˵öüɫǱƽԼܵ˸ΣգҸ˻ţ
ôûôΪʲôҪش㣬̫Ҹо˰ɣ湴ģ֪𣿡
¶˵꣬˦Ҳ˦ʺ־ֱӷ𣬸ķȥˣ»ʺ־ɵۣղű¶ͷһٳеûӦȫ֪ԼôˣȻͻȻˡ
㡭
ʺ־˵ʲô¶ѾɵˣҪʧ˵ʲôȫû˵ˡ
־֣ʦѡ򡭡Ǹʦȥѽڻʺ־һµЦе˵ǻϼ
ʱķڳЦʺ־ʺ־ԭͷϣЦ˿Ρ
ӱ¿ôΪǻϼˣͶкôɵˣ˱ԴܻΪϼĵһӣʺ־˵
һЦûҲֲһӣ⼸ǧҳŶأĶֵõң֪֮һеģǻϼΪĳǿʢԴ࣬һõĺôŸڸרŽҸʦܶˡ㣬ΪԼԳʲôСͳ˴ˣǰ㵽ЩŮӸ¶һôŷѪϹŷʮӣֻ¶һŷѪƽʦֶǣΪ㣿ƾѪŨȣҷЦˣ
ЦţѡһϽķ򣬷ɳ۶ȥ
ڻ󣬻ʺ־ɫҪѿжѿϹŷ塢ϵ֮䱾ǹϵӣ䳰ȷ֮ºܳ
Ͳµʺ־̳˻ʯıԸ񣬺ο۳ʵ츳ػʺ־
ǵţʺ־һҧϼ˵ߣ
ѡķҲѡĿ
ʱ¶ѾɶݳʮԶƬδ֪ؾ֮Уʱ̾ܣ˭ҷɶݵ̫죬һʮײһռѷ֮Ķþԩˡ
һ·ϣ¶һ仰˵ڸ֪ܣѲÿһأ¶ô
ڽؾ֮ǰϣжˡؾ⡷ǰ̽ؾıϡ
ؾһʱգǧȫһʱգع򶼲ͬ
ѭһ׷жأԲ̣ѪɱȻؾʵǱΣա


1046 ɺ
¶һͻȻһ£ȴֽµѾʧˣһƬɫ󣬴ɫཬŴݣһööݱɢһɻɫ
澰仯ˡ
ؾ⡷ȴ֪ؾʱ벻ı仯仯֮󣬿ܰȫҲ뼫Σգķȫ׽͸
ֱ仯Ľ£ҲӵĽ¡
һʦ֣αˣǺΣΣճ̶ȵα任ɺʱдɢЩǺܶϲʳĶʱǿܻĶħ
ؾ֮У죬ʳΪҲûʵ壬̬ﱻͳΪؾħ
ЩħһжѸ٣ϲκ̬Щؾħ˵߾õԴֻҪߣǾͻһӵϣߵȫԪ
ؾħ˵ΣգҲǲƸؾħ˴Щᴿ壬ǽЩħ׽ˣ뵤¯ԽԪ
ЩԪԪкܴͬģ
ؾеԪƫγ֮ķԪ֮ôһ˿֮ǿƷһЩķߵķȸһ
ؾħ֮ãһЩɳؾħЧá
һΪ⣬Ƿһ˿΢ЦסֹĵӾҪͻǷɻģ˲˵رЩʥᶯĵıǲҲͰˣʶ̧٣һ־һɱˣͱɱøɾڣ
УˣҪǣߵһȻ˰ȥ׷ѣҲһ£ؼʱ̣ɱ󣬱ϾҲз֮δرСӻûɳɣսȲǡ
ǣһʦ֣
ӷ׷Ӧһհ
ߣ
һӰһϹļӺܿʧˡ

ţʲô
Ŀһں֮һɿݵĹɳι״֮µ֮УһƬɫĶֲʯͷ
ɺôһƬ
һ·һֱĬ¶ͻȻڽеɳеĺɺؾΪҪö࣡Ƶҩľòϡ
һƬɺֵһη֮Ѫ
Էֹŵ˵֮ѪѾǳ󣬾¶ҷţη֮ѪԲںϰٵη֮ѪҲ˽ǣοĺɺȫһɷ֮Ѫٵ֮࣡
¶붯ֲժȻؾ̽վ鲻㣬ҲɵϣûбͷԣҲֱ֪ΧΣգЩƻרĵرΧնɱǰժ˻
¶ų֪̽һûκ
ǡû
ؾΪ죬¶֪Լ鲻㣬Щŵ
΢΢û
˵ͻȻ۾кһЩɺ⣬ѾɾˣǲժʱȴҲǣǵϣ
˵һĨϼ䣬˵һѪǹʣ
ڷѪǹΧŰپʮöѪСǹ·ڣǹз籩иһС
ʱ¶ԾĿע֮£ȴһƬɺŵĹͻȻŤЩ֦ɶ˺ɫŤץ˹
ǡɺĸԣǴ룡
¶һɺһﱾûиɺ泤֣Щ֣Բʳ
һƬɺǰǵĴ¶棬ûɿӣֻҪͼժɺһ̾ͻᱻЩֲס;Ԫյ
뵽¶ߺ²ѣԼղóȻȥĻ˵ѾЩɺĴסˣ
Ȼ¶ҲһЩֶΣаѣǱȻҲḶСĴۣ˵ˣؾ֮УΣԼѴʱΣأһȺؾħ
Ǻ֪ˣ
⻹ǸտʼΣջ࣬ÿζôˣ뵽¶ЩգǸĻвСĿ
¶ں˼ʱѾЩּҵĽһ
ǣ
ѪСǹЩ֮ϣ͵ıըչȫעѪǹ֮ϣǹսҲХѪǹȫںϣһɲǣеķѪǹɰɫ
꣡
һļХֱֱжϣѪ
ѪǹԭǼƷʥлƽսļӳ̶֣ȿ֪
жֵһ˲䣬ϼ佫ʱЩ¶ڵرĺɺƲ׷ûཬ֮УҪߣ
ɺཬ֮еһûཬͬգδ󺣣ٶô죬Ҳ׽סǡ
ʦ֣Ҫӣ
¶ۿһĻȴΪϾɺ嶼ཬҪʱӣȥ׽Ҳ׽ңóȻָҡ
Ȼն֣ˣȴΪϧ
¶Ѿϣʱ˫Ŀ֮ͻȻһھ֮еĻƽսٶȷɳɢγ־ͶӰ
һɲǣΧһﷶΧĿռ䣬ȫ־֮У־Լ
ǣ
עɫ֮Уһ˲úɫϡõཬüӲ
תۼ䣬һﷶΧأȫסˣǺɺ겻ȥˣȻûˡ
ɺѾˣһļХ˼Ӳ󣬾Ȼӵ˳
һͨɫͬһĶ¶ȻһƬɺ徹Ȼô
ɺ֪Ѿ߲ˣƿ־ȻԸϵа֮Уһǻһֱӽɺͬһסˡ
⣡
˫ڰٷ֮һɲǣǧӡЩӡɺ֮У
ģģģ
ɺϵķҽУȻųɰǧӡϵû壬ԽԽȫˣ
һĿץɺọ̈̄¶ЩɵûӦ
ɺսʵôԽƻαװһܣҪץѣ
˾鲻ģ¶ܱˡ
Уǰ󲻹Ϣʱ䣬ɺͱץˣĲ𣬲սĲ࣬о顢Ӧ¶ӵлƽս飬Ҳû취ںɺܵİٷ֮һɲǾжϣ˲־ͶӰ


1047 ĵ

¶ипסɺõĻ˻ϵĵ⾳⾳
Ȼ¶Ҳ˻ϵѾżҪӦʵսлԶ
Լ֮Ĳ࣬Сģʵսĸ󣬶νʵսʵվ̨Ϲƽ֣ڸӵʵ֮УֿõͻϮɱ뷴ϮɱҪ˦¶֪Զľ롣
⿴ղɱɺ˵ˡ
ʶЩ¶̾һЩսɲһֲܹģ˵Լ׸治Ϊ
ЩɥʱͻȻһ̧ͷǰԶһӰײײ˹
ͷɢѪȴϡܿգֻϧĿĵ˿ڴŮӵĶͷץһֱץӣѪۣȫƻŮӵ
죡Է𹬵λʦ㣡
¶һϳŮӣһͬʮֹ𹬵һʦ㡣
ʦҲСܹߵڣȡһǳĲףټ϶ԷҲŮԣνؾʮУֻŮԣ¶Ǳʶľ׽һЩۿʦĸо
ʦ㣬˭˳ˣ¶ļʵ
Ǹʦԭͣ¶ĺ˹ˣʱ۾һȣҪ޳ˣʦãʦܣǣ̫ˡ
ʦ㣬ô
һֲֵΪһҩ֮ͻȻһֻ޴צӣҪץңҷ˺ôӳģˣŮӿ¶·һӱе̱ڵأ¶æֽó˵ĵҩ׼𹬵ʦҩʱȴоԼֱץסˣǯһ㣬ץЩۡ
ʦ֣
¶Ȼץס֣һݣоһɷζ
ʱ¶Ȼƽٶؾ֮е;߶Ƚţκ鶼лɣͻȻץס֣ʮ־衣
ѵ
¶ԺѸһͷʯ֮䣬¶ǰǸʦͻȻǷһĻȣ廯һɫĲӰͬһɱһ˫צҪץ¶Ĳӣ
ؾħ
¶󺧣ôҲǷľӢӣ˲ĻţȻһɫϸһǰն
ͬһƷʥĽƿ֮һεĻն֣ǵӰֱӱһΪ
ǣȴûؾħһ̬ûʵ壬г룬ȴ¶
ȻĹſ¶ѩ׵Ĳҧδ¶Ѿܸеһɱ⴫ȫѪɱ
֪ؾħΪʣƳǾ깥־ǿ֮ˣһؾħͻᱻ龫֮ʳȫԪΪһ߸ʬ

üͷһ壬ʱˡ
βü֮ɫǹսХһҫ۵ĺ⣬һɲǣ־ͷ·ս񽣣âɣ⣬ֱӽؾħǧٿף
ؾħ֮壬ó־֮Ѿﵽƽ𼶱ĺս飬Ŀǣ

ֻؾħһҽУֱӱһŻһץֱӽƻץ˹۳һš
ȡ˻¯׼Żˣ⻯¯ǵ׹ĶʱӮƷʥȡǬ¯Ϊĵ¯
ؾħǴ壬õ¯ֻΪһЩʣףԼҲɡ
ɵؾħ֮¶εվ˺һЩ޴롣
ȻΣ̶ʮϢʱ䣬Ҫȣ˵֣¶ҲȻǳǱˣΣˡ
¶ԭ֪ԼΪΪͣսϹŷʮ׵ģҲû뵽ôʵ̫ˣһʼΪ̫һ·ϲ˵һͷײ߰ʲôʱô
Ҫؾħʱ¶ڿڣګګ˵ǡǸҵĻƶɡ
ĻƶҪȻ¯̫౶ˣؾħҪƷʵ¯Ʒʸãʡ
Ŷ
һ¶еĻƶɵСƿŻͼͨɻ죬ʮ־
Ʒʥ¯޽ӽͨʥļƷʥ
а¯Ʒʣ˿ȷѪǹ
Ҫ֪ѪǹʥУϹעһ˿Դֵ֮ߣ
ƶȴҲˣ
Ҳ¶Ҳ﹬ľϹעıԴ֮¶ҲС
¶Ϊ˷ʹãʱӡԼľӡǣֱӰѻƶ
öϹıԴֵ֮һ¯ٱлˡ
һлȴ¶Щ࣬аԳҴҲ˰ɡ
δؾгһҪԼȥеĻȻ꣬Ȼ֪һ㣬ǴûộǰһһȣҼֱСһЦǺɺؾħҵĶֶֹ֣ΣȴҳԿһοҳԵ𣬶ҾҪ
¶ʶսСȭͷзģҪͨʵսԼս飬ͻƾ磬սƶʮʱŰɣʲôء
¶ŵʱѾеŻ˻ƶʼգ
ؾħڻ¯бյ죬˺ѷεĲҽУһȫƶոɾɷɻңֻ˾۳һ
ֻǲʱ䣬˳һΪһԼ˽ȥһƴ¶塣
ţ¶һ죬ĬĬ֪ʹûƶı꣬һᣬбҪֵôô
ؾħ̺ռķЩλѲ򵽵ġ
¶ֻ֮о·һȷ紵Լ壬ȫʼ
ȫоƮƮģͬƮƶˡ
ԺжԷҲʱһļţϹŷŵ˵ؾħṩΣ̺ķȴҪջ
߲һ棬һ棬ǾҪȫ棡
Ķ㣬ܽӽ汾Դ
ôһĹ˰ؾħڵķ¶оԼԻϵ⾳һˣԼʮĲܹõؾħô࣡


1048 
¶һ·ǰУÿǰʮֻؾħɱЩؾħ˵Ѵ֮¶ʼǱ;֮ҲʼӳԼʵ
¶ϾϹŷŵӣȻսԶԶ޷ȣǶԱͬӣҲǳͣԼסؾħ־ͬʱʩչԷһս¶ҲԽɱԽ˳֡
ս˵ϡƽ¶˵ȴѵõĥ£¶츳ߣֻҪʱͳɳĿռ䣬δпܳΪʥ
ԽԽؾħƳֻϧɱؾħ࣬ԷԽԽСΪؾħϵķУкܶظģһȻˡ
ЩͨؾħԽԽСˣնɱһЩǧؾħؾħǵõķŸмֵ
˵ţͻȻĿ΢Զ
ţôˣ
¶쳣ҲǾĸ֪ܿ죬ͷ֣ԶһɻӴϢţһһεĲ·ʲôǿĴںԪ
ʲô
¶һδ֪ǿڣǻԵҲΣա
΢΢ң棬סϢͬʱǰ
仰һӳȥأһһٴ
ٶȺܿ죬ԸԶˣȴжʱɵԪ
¶ҲæסϢ
ֻǷһյĹ򣬱ĿԶһɽ塣
ŢУȻһͨڵɽ壡
ʲô
һæٶȡ
ؾħؾħ֪һɨȴһɽΧֲʮؾħ
ȻкսΪɱؾħôؾħҲͷƤ飬ҪǳЩؾħİΧ֮УǺܿͱֳԵʣˡ
ң֣Щؾħ֮УЩħ΢΢࣬ǳɳǧ꣬ؾħе
ؾħʵȻҲͨؾħǿʮʮ
̺ķҲԶһؾħܹȡ
ţʲô
ͻȻоʮؾħ֮Уһ·ɽ緢һֱʣϵƶ忪ˡ
ԲʮؾħۼɢģƼʮؾħҲֻǿ󣬵ǲᾫ̶ֳȡ
Ҳ˵ǰӴ󣬶ƷҲﵽ˷˼ĵز
תѵǡʮݵؾħʮݵؾħڽ
ؾħؼȻݻؼΪʳѷ֮ʱͬࡣ
һؾħɳһ׶ξͻڷֻµؾħϵؾħܻǧǲˣǧ֮٣ؾħ
ǣһؾħ֮УҲźʹߴڡ
Щؾħ̺ͱͬྫΪԵɵҩ黨ĵر۴ı䷨ͻƾ磬һαһεӳ
ԽƾãɵԽ࣬ؾħԽǿ
ǿ󣬲бԻ񵽸ıͱ֮ǰɼֺɺһؾħȥɼֻΪɺϣʮݵؾħȥɼȴֵ
ݡؾ⡷ļأʮݵؾħͻɹħ٣൱侳ڵǿߣΪؾħ壬ڵ໹Ҫǿʮǿߡ
ʵִڣ޷֮ؾħΪʼʷҲȼΣһŵʧأǴؾǵòʧ
ǳǰȴûжɹ٣Ҷɽ֮Ϊ״̬ûʲôԱ֮
ʱȴɱʱһָ׵һѽɱ԰׵ΪǲܽؾģʱֻΪһһպһӵù͵³֪
Ȼؾħ̫ˣնɱ̺ķϴ壬ôڶһξɣЩλҲģЯǿҲǿǵΪȻһЩҲܽʡǲʱ䡣
¶ţǳĶҲ֪ҪɱֵõıԴ죬Χʮؾħ
ʱ˵иҲ˸ƺǡϹˡ
ʱħ٣Ƽ󣬸ǧﶼܸо쳣ûַ֡
Ϲ塭¶ɫ΢䣬ϹԵǵĵۺսҲҪǿϹŷ壬ʯˣҲϹ岻Ҫ£׳Կ
Ϲһˡʮʮǿߣ֣ǿ²ǶֵģǸһΪδ֪ɲ⣡ڣǸõıԴˡ
Ǹ츳ǸʵǰģΪδظߣսҲδسˡ
΢΢û˵Ҫ¶ᵽѶȲһĴ
ܲһϢȻϹ˶ˣһҲӦԷȻؼĳҿѾ֪ԼĴˡ
µĲʱһȷʵѾȻҲΪû㾡ȫԼԭ򣬷ԺɿռȫεԼϢٲ֮У˷
С㣬ϹŷСëͷ
ʮ˵߾ų࣬ϹеһѾʮˣȻѾӵķ룬ؾҪΪƣƣʮܽ
٣صСһ磬Ҫȥ棿ǳԵͷһһҡʮߣԾԾԡ
һ΢΢üҪ£ûΪͻʱ򣬲ҪսӦòвʵһҲǱҪģǺòɱͷɽٵȴҪĹͷ˽ˮһǾĪˣ
ʮˣȥһ뿪
һ˵ţʱԶƾһ߿ХХԶ೤쳹֮䣡
һʱɫˣ⡭ѵǡ
Х̺ĲçϵζϣһܹӵУХ֮ʱһоԼڵѪȶ˹


1049 

ܣ
һɴ˫ۣХ̺ȴУһ˿˿ľη֮ģ·ӡѪޱԶŵĻ䡣
һȻѪѪһǺֲģνѪֻ˵һһѪѪƷʣȴϡ
֮еѪȻʹһɾη֮ģ·Ƕĳݡ
ģôؾȻ˵йޣѾ֪Ƕǰˣԭ淨Ѿȿռ䣬ѭµķ򣬲ٵˡ
Ӧޣǡ
һھɲʱ򣬶ȻԶһ֮
ʱ֮УγһǧɵӰޱȵؾвϵĻûۣ۵ʱ޶˶˵ֱ
׽٣ؾħʱҪɹ׽٣
һˣгǧɵӰһеޱȾ㵵ǣӰķݻ
ͷǣ
ֻؾħȻڿл
Ȼⲻȴһ˿Ϣƺģ
ôܻ
һϹ˶ˣȫ˽ΪʲôᷢһĻ
ʱԶ޾׹֮УȴмӰһֹŹֵڽ̸ʲôЩӰ룬һ㣬ϥӡ
ӵڲϵı仯ţʱӢʱʱƽʱªʱ򣬻ữˮƵŮӣʱ͵Ұޡ
ǶɽеѾһؾħűʵĲͬȻ۳Ѫ֮ɣֱֻ̬ۺͽףɫƬǡۣ
ؾħûʵ壬лɴѪ;Ԫ֮Ϳ
ΰЩ΢ѾˣڿߵӰдģģĹŹ߸˵ʲô
ҵȻ֪ٺ٣ЩҶɽ֮ʱɱңȴ֪ͷǣȴȻεĶɽ٣ǹ
ЩΪƬؾˣÿһʱ䣬ͻӶƸɱʥħһ壬ȴˣǿЦȴ֪ʥħһħľˣĲϵķչǵǻۡʵѾߣҲǰЩʶλ״̬ˡǰǿͬҲǵʳζɽ٣ȱһЩѪ⾫ԪǹΪһ
ȥǻҶɽٵһ̷𹥻ʱǷΧﷶΧĿռ䣬ȫɱΪҵӪ
˵֮䣬ȫϵɢħһ̫Ϣ
ǣΰ
ǼӰ˵λޱȾ·ǰǵһ㡣
ȫԽԽǿңֱµʼգཬյøѣڻҽ
̽еʮѸ٣ת֮䣬ɫʧһƬ
Զһֱһȴüͷоһ˿Եͷ
ؾ֮ǰȻҲؾ⡷Ϲġؾ⡷ҪϹŷĸȫ棬աؾ⡷ϵļأؾħеҲôǿ
׽٣ʵֲ̫ˣɽ֮ƺһˣûֲ֧סӡ
ĸоܲã
һȻ֪ǰһĻԵȴһΪˣΪ츳زͶԼһ˿ڤڤ֮еĸӦס
Ӳúܣһؾ̽գǾһǻŵһüĺô
ڣۿǰЩԤϣһһȴ֮ģԾ˵Եǰ¾һҲҪȥȡʱȫûаյ£ʵҲǱҪģͬҪľġ
һά֮ʱͻȻһĻȻһ۾ͫȻףŷ˵ľ⣡
źɫ󱻴һ޴İӣһҲ֮ǰûп龰
ⰼ֮УȻһνɵİ׹ǣΰ׹ǹϼ´֣Ȼһ壬һ㣬ֱָ񷣡
ӦһӴ޷ĹǼ֮еһعͷҲһ߹ǣҲǱ̣һιͷ֮ϣдӵģжС޾
ÿһģ̺ط
һΰ׹УԴԴϵɢӴ޷ݵѹȻĴ֮Ҳޱĳϴ񣬸̺ܵеĲçۻĹϷ֮
⡭ǡһˣȻûȷԼǰһعͷǡ
ǣ
ؾĺ֮УȻһǣǣ
ɳʲô
֮ѪʲôֵͿˣѪѪ̶Ȳ࣬ͨѪȻֵ֮ͣѪ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮Ѫȵȡ
֮Ѫֵ֮Ѫ࣬ͻƻ߲㣬ȥرŵķ˾Ѫ̸ķ֮ѪҲΣһη֮Ѫǿ߳ᣬʮη֮Ѫǿƴˡ
ôһΰɳǣͷΣ˴Ĺ裬е֮Ѫж٣
⻹ֻ֮ѪǱļ̸ֵ
ʵϣǱ֮Ѫֵߣ
Ϊеһ֧ˣǿѪֲֻѪ֮Ƥ⡢ȴ첻ˡ
Ϊòϣ
ܰһǻõĺôˣ
Ѫ֮ȫҲΪǶü᲻ɴݣʺͷȻһΡ
һ̣һˣ۾бŷǰδе
˵ԭֻδﵽʥ磬ôõһǣδȻܴﵽʥڡʥ۷徳磬պٵõԵôһЩϣ
ʱΪϹһϹǰ
ôĻԵǰΪһǶȥȡĻǾͲһˡ
һϹҲǿѪڣһʻõͷҲһЩϾǰǣһЩȻģǿ߶Ҫۺ죬¾Ƿֵ΢һ㣬Ҳһɳ졣
λʦܡʦãһ֣
һ˷ܵ÷ȴ侲Ŀ£Ҫһγ֣
֮УûӰѾɣֲϢǵصĻʣǾǱǰɽٵõˣǿ֮еѪ봿֮۳ʵ壬ӵһЩ
Ϊ֮еľԪȻʧ˲٣ûϵɱˣЩʧĲһܲ


1050 ҹ
ֻһ˲䣬ϹļӷɢǱ˴֮䣬λûһ
ЩϹĵĿ࣬ƽʵҲǿϹŷĵӻߣ
ϹŷʮӣһǧڵѡģϹʮӣһ׶ѡģѡĵӶȴʮ౶
ʵȻߣ
һȺӣ仹һɲս֪ˣ
һ侳ǿҲᱻ˲ɱ
Щ˲̷еȫϹʮˣһ٣ʮһĻԵֻҪõһǣ˶ɻڴջ񶼲ʲôˣܲŵѪҲȫ޷ȣ
ѪȻ󣬵̫ˣһѪܸȣؼǣϹڵĴ嶼ֻа취Ѫ˵Ѫ֮һĶòڵõǵͬʱٻѪǺô֪ˣ
Ƕֺǿ󣬷ǳǿֻǵһܹģͷǣǣ޼ɵǰɽ٣Σ֤ǣǰҪ̵ǣ
һߵһΪϹĵһӣ츳֮⣬ҲȻǰ񼤵Ҳûбɱǣֻһ˲䣬ͽǰµð˾Ųʮ
ǣһʦ֣
ʮ̧һ˦һڹһɳȥתۼûգϹĴַÿһöޱȣԸմϢһؾ󷨶еӱδ֪ռ䣬ȷλá
ϹҪټȫӸϹɴսսǸǶ֣˵ǣе֣ǵģ
¶ۿʮ˵
ϹӵƽʵĴ֮ߣֹӵҲʮˣϹĵ٣潻ʹ򲻹οϹĵӣս
Ȼ֪һ㣬ʵκߣ񺣳ڣҲһսһˣϲ磬οԷ
Ǿôȴģ¶Ҳ֪Ǹʲôֻ֪˲õĶǾΪȴӦһ֮Ѫ
֮ѪʱûоϹطֲ룬Ҳû㹻ͨѪף˷˾ųɾŵľ֮ѪϾ֮ѪΪļѪҺ֮һϢܸоԼ֮ѪϢͬ
çۻ롢嫣£ģ
ǣ
֮󣬿ԸԼĹʣȫ֮ǵԣһʵķԾ
οѾ֪Խ棬ѶԽ󣬰ŶݼĵԴѾúܶʵȴ˵ǣǸѶȴ˾
ôãԼ֮⣬û˫޵ߣ졢սľǵ߾Ԫϵ
Щһ߰еĿ֮ˣҲûз˫ޣɼ·ļѣɵǣô֮ǰһŬú壬װ˷ʱ䡣
ȻԵڶ࣬ҲΪܹ˳ͻƵǣշ˵޷ͻƵΪʱţؼĹѾĸıˣҪɾ͵ǣΪѶ֮󣬿֪
ѾŬ׷ѣһ벻ϵʣһǣȫĺôֱ
ջ̫ˣǵļֵһη˾Ѫܹģ
Ҿһη˾ѪϹŷʹ̶ֳȣοǣ˼֪õǵѶȴò󣬿ҲԸʹ뿪
ȻʱȻһɱ֮һɭ֮
̸ҹ֮أ
Ե֮εɱȫ˺֮ǰӵߣΪһ֪ʱ˵ûκ壬˲Ϊļ侴ͷһĻԵֻоԵʵв˺£̶ʧ
üͷһɱеģɣǲ뿪һĻɱǣ飬ɱ֮й¶ȥϹŷϹķҲϧ
ǵļֵϹ忹ʲôϹŷѵΪ˿սɣ
ʦ֣ǡ¶ͻȻһв΢΢ȭз߷߲ƽҲûа취㣬ֻܱѹȣôĻԵǰһռ˾Եʵƣô쾭壬˭Ҳϣڼõǵͷ˽֣ϾԵĶʵ̫ǿ󣬺ܿƴܾˣʱκαʶܵǹһ
ɫ΢ȴû뿪
ǲײĲᣡΪҲɱǣȷʵ츳ˣϧΪ̫ͣ
һЦţţʮˣ󷨣һκܽ
ǲ֪֣ɱҵţԻᱣǵģϹŷҲֻܴʣοδҵ֤ݣˣǸ¶£ϵĴѪ˷ˣҪɱһݣȡ¶ԪԹ飬ѪҲмĺô
һ˵Щʱ˵Ҫȡ¶ԪĻҲûκθ鲨¶һŮȴĮ˵ҪȡԪĻûκа֮⣬еֻǱɱ
У¶ļֵֻٺѪ֮ɫ壡ɫǰ侲ˣ൱ˡ
һĻƾ¶ƽʱʱҲ˲ɫףҲһͻ
ʦ֣¶ʱغʱ
һѪǹʣкһʮؾħ֮УǸǸʮмҲؾħǵĴһȻ˵ؾħ𳹵׵Ĵսοˣ
һȻɱģûбס£ƴɱǵǿԣһǷҽ˶ɱˣ
˵䣬Ϲˣһ壡
һ£һɫɽٵʵ̫ȥƱػԽԽ࣡
Խ࣬ƾԽӣ

ô죬һʦ֣ѵһɱˣ
ˣڳϹĵҲΪˣɱ¶Ϲŷ壬ǻסһɱһôҪŭˣͬʱ壬ϹҲܲסѹǡ
ȫڣ


1051 ս
һһкâ˸ִ֪磬ȫɱȷʵܲ𣡶ҴսһҲʵǻ
תۼ䣬ϹǴˣ壬ǷϵĳóٶȣΪѲ
ʲô
֪Ӧĳ־ʥޣ޵Ĺͷ
˻Ҳܵ޹ǵĿֲڣĻԵǶʱ񼤶
ţϹˣһˡʮôˣĵڴˣ˶ʱһ
Ѿˣ˾ԲŹ⣬ʮؾħҲǳ֣Ҫõ̫ˡ
ټ˸һ֣
ڳῡûһǷֲ״İ׳գܿǵжϣֻټˣֻſȡǣ̫ʵˡ
ǣͳͳҹ
һȫɱڣΪģϹʮǿ߽ɴȷʵƷǷɱʵʣѹ
Ҳǧѡ˽ܣûһģһѹ⼸ֻɫһ䣬ָ
˼Ҳ̫Եˣر߾֮ƾʲôǶռ
Ŀȫ䱸Ҳ񺣳ڶΪһ̤ڣʵǿ
˵䣬šಣಣƱ˳ȥ
ټԮ
һԶֻҪһ˲䣬Ҫֹôܡ
һҲֹ֪ˣΪɽٻҪһβ̵ʱ䣬ЩûôƣǿҲȺ
һ̶ˮעԽԽ룡
һʦ֣ô죡
ʮʵĴ˶ԻΪʸ֮ģΪǿֻҪɵͻԸǡ
ҪҪھͶ֣ûһɱһɱһ˫
˵ЩϹŵӳɳڣޱȼ˵ǲпľһһݣȻŰ˶ɱˣ
һɫԨ˫Ŀŷȴһﲻơ
ЩɢɢԶʱӣɱ̸ףɱɱҲԲţԼɵˡ
ʱƣԽԽ࣡
ˣҲˡ
ȻؾΣգĴǼûˣһΪЩűͱǿǿһվκβǣ¶ۣ鲻㣬ΪҲѰ곤ǿߵıӻǰУ¡
ܿ죬;ۼʮˣνؾ֮еŶˣ
һһΪ׵Ϲ壬һĵӡ
ţ
µ˭֪Ҫǲˣ˵һ˶̣һ̶ܣǿϹҪȥ졣
һֵ֣õǣηΣ
ƽЦ˵ʹӸղʹ˿е֪˸ղһӵ̬ȣȴһ̸Ц·ʲôû
һ֣ʱϹʵһЩƽԣӽҲƵ˵
һ֣ʵһЩһͻȻЦ
üͷһ壬ЦʲôܺЦô
һЦһգ˵úһȺб£ʲôսʮƱسΪ׹Ŀ꣬ʱֻΧߣܾˣ֮أһ֣ãھͿʼսɣ
һͻȻһ֮ɫֽһĨлһ޴ɫâֱԶʮؾħȥ
ʲô۾һɣд󾪣
δ䣬ֻ䡱һ죬âؾħȺըһ˲䣬ʮؾħ˽ȥɷɻң
ؾħĴĵ˹ɺ˫̺֮űŭ֮ɫ
ĵһ˲ͷƤ飬ԭǶΧǵʵֳͨؾħ̫࣬ʩչһ۷ƭͨؾħĸ֪ڣһĹֱӰǵλñ¶ˡ

дŭԭ׼ɽٵͷ˵󷨣һ𷢶Զ̹شһٻɱһʮؾħͻΪûͷĲӬʱĳȥؾħĹƣͻɢܡ
û뵽һֱӹʮؾħǻо£һ¶ǵλãֱʮؾħɱǵĵӻʧأ
ǿʮؾħȴֻʮˣ
һѪ֮ɫѹûƽ֣һ˾Ҫһǣֻһϣ磡
Ҫ֣ðʮؾħɱǻ㣡ģΪûзǣǵѾͨһ֩룬ȴЩСɳԽԽ࣬һ򾡣ٺ٣ǼȻˣǵѪ⣬Ϊ·ʯɣ
һĴЦЦص֮䣬Ϊڳеĵһ֣һĸ֪жҪ˶׼ΪϹһԱҲǣģĹƳǵǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
ڲǿĴηǣǾԻǵˣǵűɱ
ʮؾħͬһɺڰһ㱼ӿʮ˫ź۾ɱ죡
ٺ٣ʮţǵѪҲҲһˡǸСһﵹе֪Ĵ㣬˻мʵʱһҪ
Ȼڶɽ״̬ʱһӢӣǷһ˿ЦݣƵ˵ھ³һֵʱȻһ䣬һĶħȫɱ磬Χͳͳɱ¾Ԫʳ

ӣӣۿôؾħڳĴӶеһսǾԻʧء
սɣɣԽ࣬ǵ˾Խ٣һеļƷʥȫսڣ
ʱȻʵ侲ھҪǵһ̣ԤϵһսĵӣƺõƷ
¶ۿǰͬХһؾħףʮֻսһչıȻԼۣ
ָǿЦĻˣֲŮˣ
һʱ䣬¶һ˿־;֮ɫԼпܵ˭̹Ȼ
ʱ¶һޱƽϤ
ҽָ
ţ¶һֻһ͵ʶûзһ̣һδ֪Ŀռ䡣
ﾹɽˮ㣬ɫ续
ڴսһ˲䣬¶ϼ䣬漣еõĽϼڲԳɿռ䣬ֲҩ԰ȻҲɻˡ


1052 ս
¶ĿŽָľɫǰһƬдеҩ԰ҩ԰ȫʮϵҩдУƬҩ԰ĺ棬һ̱֪ԼˣĿռָڲԳһСǧ硣
һҡ
͵ľɫ¶ޱȸӡ
û뵽ͷϼ䣬ֻҪָ飬ͻƽ¡
ս¶в֪ΪäĿĳݣ֪ʮؾħ޷ֵҲľãһа취Ȼ˵õǲܵģȴӦƽӡ
ʱϼ֮⣬ڵĴϱҪؾħչɱ
ʮؾħսʮ˵ŵӣ
һӣ󣡡
ܻ˵߾ۼ߸ӣʼ󷨣ȴûвΪǲᣡ
ĴҲÿӶܽ󣬱Ϲŷ壬ܶŵӷɢʮֹǲһ󷨸ʵʵҲ󣬱ϾǲᾭԵľۼһ𣬾ؾ̽գҲǷɢжȺս¼⡣
ĽҲ͵Ϲŷ塢塢嶼ûаеӵĿ󷨣Ϲŷ壬ҲֻܲӶýȫȲϹʮ
Ҷߣ󣡡ƽ󷨣Ǽܲ
ǽ󡭡Щֹô죿һʶʵ
ϻʲôʱˣ㻹ǣɣʺ־Ц˵˵޿ɺǣΣͷ˭ȥչ˱ˣ
뵽һᱻħɵʣʺ־һ˿Ŀ⣬Сӵڴ¶ˡ
ʬ޴棬ҵˣǿϧ¶ǸС椣ζˣŷѪ˷ѣ
ʺ־ڻпһۣȴһ¶ˡ
ţԳСǧĿռָûõģǻҪ
ʮؾħǽɴ󶼲˵ܻοһˡ
䣡
һֲıըʮؾħγɵĺصȭĴŵӣļ⵶ߺ޻ڵĶײһһʱ⼤䡣
Ĵĵ֮Уһɫתֳת֮ϣʮһһ
ʮӣÿ˽¶̤һģһи߿Х֮һֻӰɫת֮ϣצ
λʦֵܣһȼվѪʩչƣƿʮ֮ϣ£ˣһ֮ĻԵκˣҪڽ֮ģȻȫԸ
һ˻ţȼ徫Ѫ
ȼ徫ѪɲȼչŷﾫѪ޷˿ԡľѪôȼնɣ٣ϹľѪȲ˷ˣȼˣûˣ
һΣһƴˣ
䣡
һһȣʮʮϳȫȼԼĲֱѪ
ЩâɫнɫѪɫÿһɫ˲ͬѪͳ
һʱ䣬Ƭնˣ
֮еʮģÿһ··ǱһѵСϵĴţ·һ㡣
ϹǵľѪٻͨ
һϣڽĳׯϵʽ
ءء
ǽµתѾ߲֮ɫٵתת֮ʱתиռ䣬̶ľ޴죬಻ϣڿ޺ţΧĿռ䶼֮
עϢעϹʮǿߵ֮ڶؾħͬĩѻıĳ飡
ؾħ֮壬ñɱ
Ҳˣ߲תתͬʱܽЩؾħ󻯳ɵչ˶ؾΧתΧתֱ壬տտ
ʲôʲô󷨣Ϲɵ󷨣Ȼܹؾħ̲սս
ĻĲʮؾħ൱ǽؾħɱؾħֲһ˷бʮؾħͬʱȥɽ֮еһ
ˣôȥǻᱻؾħĺ֮УϹĵӻ᳤ֱ룬ʱõһ֮ȴܾƣ߶
Ȼʶһ㣬ʱּŭоԼһˣֻǳ˷ֵѹնʲôôòܰϣ
ȥǣǸܣؾħ֮Уÿƽףѡ
ô죿ͻΧȥǸĵӳȥ
˽άȵľأͻΧǵһЩգЩˣҲܱ߳ɵĵӡ
Ǿ͵ڷǡ
壬ϣõǣǱȻʧأʧصͬʱһ
ʱҲڶؾħİΧ֮У
û󷨣ĺôǣۣĿСɱؾħࡣ
ս飡
ۿǰ߰˸ؾħһ֮Уɫĺսֱֻһ˲䣬߰˸ؾħɱ˾ؾ̧һӣֱ¶µĻƶǴ
Ȼսʮ֮вģǵնɱؾħȴɲֻҪսһɨؾħᱻֱɱʡʡʱ䡣
⻹ҪȻܸķΧؾħĿ࣬ҵʵҲǿڶǧ꣬еؾħ
ħ
һɲǣһţҾɱ֮Уûע⵽ŵͬһʱ䣬ΧĿռ乹ɸıˣ˺ɿռ䣡
ɿռ䣬γ֮Դ֮ؾع⣬ڳŵʹ÷֮ܵ΢ƣǶԺɿռȴá
ΪؾҲγ֪֮ʱ䣬һЩδ֪Ĺݻɣ޷ԴʼĻ編
ɿռһƶʱˣɿռѹɷΧؾħһɿռ䣬̷һҽУ岻ϵڣ
ɿռһзκ壬ܲסɿռķֽ⣡
һս־ͶӰɿռصʹɿռ䶼һ㰵ɫ
һɿռ䲻ϵѹֻۣ߷Χһսףϵķֽ֮ﵽֲĳ̶ȣκؾħһײ̾ͻᱬ飬̶ɿռ䣬γһ˿֮ĳΡ
Ϲʮ󣬻ĽһĿ꼫Сͬһʱֻжʮؾħɱؾħ˲䱻ĺսɱ赲ĸǰ


1053 Ǳ
䣡
һΪ׵ϹĳȥÿһϢʱ䶼ʮؾħ߲ʹֽɱ
Ȼײеɱ¾ȴԴϹӱԴΪǰɵģЩӣȼһֱѪģ
ԽϹٵѹҲԽ
Ѿǧ꣬ݵؾħϹ˼ĳ
ϹͬʱֹĵҲ˲ͬĶ
һС壬ϹŷƽΪףԽΪףԷΪףΪģͨϹ󷨵ӣ˹ȥͼһ
ĴԵǰʵ޷ôķ
ֻǵٶȱϹȴ˺֮ܶ࣬ͬаľӣÿһ쳣ļѡ
ϵıԵӣȴʼˣ
Ƶ¾սʮؾħ֮ʱ嵽ҲܵõǣȻжݻԵ㲻ᣬҲף»äĿĳֻˡ
ԣֻܣӳȥҲǾһ

һҽУһӱһؾħ˾֮У
ؾħó־һʶȻͼߵ־ƽʱӵ־һ־ĿսҲܽؾħɱ
ǣʮؾħ֮УؾħôܸɱͬĻ᣿
ʮؾħһϣ
ֻһ˲䣬жʮؾħͬһӵ֮С

ӷһ˺ѷεĲҽУıҵŤţʹࡢЦմıԴ˴˫ĿѪҵֻһ죬ӵ屬ըһѪϹǲ䣬ЩҲûѣڶؾħֳԸɾģֻһ΢Ĳ
Ǳؾħɱĵһŵӣ˵һܵĵǱǿ־壬ҵͷƤ飬ĸеŵӣƱطɻڴ˭Ը
һӣ
ƴˣ
໥ϣһӳȥ
Ҵǿʼһ£Ȼֻ⼸Ϣʱ䣬ӱؾħ屬Ѫ
ŵѪ⾫ԭؾħ˵Ǵ֮Ѫһ̼Щؾħۣɱ
ֹӣʱѹ
ʱƽסҲù
߸ɵ󷨣ܴĶȥЩ󷨻ˣǳԽ룬ѹҲԽ
Ѿ嵽һ·;ھӣҲһҪһսңҲģ
Ϊ˲ҪܵУ˴ŶӲòһ𣬿һǵĿ͸ؾħԽ࣡
ǵٶÿһҪҵɱ
ĴŵӶУΨϹ硣ʮˣǣؾħ
־֮£ؾħҪǳɱΧ£ЩؾħڿлӰѾ似ͷĹˣ
ؾħķչҲԼΣȻԶĲȣǵ屾Ǵһʩչ似ʵ
˼Ǹһ˹ȻǷ֪֮ʳǵĴ㣬Ȼҳɱȷʵʱ
ɴڶɽ֮УʱϵϷ֮ɫ£ˣʼΪϹʮγɵĴ֮ĸܵһвڴڶɽ״̬ɽ֮еһʱ
ɱǣ
кһͨɱ⣬еؾħҪĳϹ߲ʹ֣
ңԶĵطԴԴϵؾħ﷽Բؾħߣ
Ҿ֮Уûע⵽һ۵ĺ⣬ڴսĽдš
Ȼˡ
ɿռϢľֶΣɿռ壬Ϣ֮ںɿռ֮оͻᱻֽ⣬ɢһ
ټϹֹʵ̫ۣ䣬Ԫⳡս֮۵ˡ
ɴ
кսױ壬׾٣ˮϵɣʲôʣһеĺɿռ֮жᱻֽɺ֮Σؾ֮еķвͬҲѲ³
ˣ¾붹һףĵؾѶˣ
ϹŷҪûԪʯۻҽ룬壬ֻըʯУѾΪͳͳϵûҲû룬û
ϵϵЩٶϵڵ¶ɵۣӲκٶǰٶҺķԪ졣ڵսǾĽˣÿһÿһʽҪķʮԪ
ڵ´УĵԪҲӣõֶΡúսһϢضУ˼¡
֮Ҳؾħؾħûʵ壬µȻײˣ֮£ؾħȥϹˣµؾħĿǳϡ٣żмֻĺսһײҲҷ
ЩؾħȻ֧䣬ߵϵҲֻǿ־Ǹֱ֪µһ˲ͱɱݸĻᶼûС
ĵǵλÿ˹ȥ֮УϹʮҲɱǰ
ʮȼվѪĴ۸ƣ˴ǾΪݳʮ
ģܺãܺãǾȻܳ嵽һСЩߣΪֻҵʳֿɵáڿЩ˼ֵܹȤˣͻȻ˵ԣ̶һҲ֣Ϊؾħྫܹ֮֮ıߵһּ䣬ʮ֮꣬ǰɹĴĵӣ̳Ǵ󲿷ֻּЩĹʺؾħ
ħһħħȥҵĺɱһЩСһǾԶԸ
ǣ
ֻΪؾħƽ׵ĵӳ˹ȥ
ֻħѾ̬ȫտտȻѾʵһĵز
ÿһǿµĶ֣
ʱһѷս壬ɻصĴһٽ


1054 ֮
һ֣ҪһսֻӮʧܣʱһȫսѪڣʮҲˣҪôӮҪôʮؾħΧɱ֮Уû·
ʱҲˣʱȫȻ׽ٵ磬ȴֹ̧׽Ӱ죬ɴҲԿʵжôֲ
𣡡
һϣһӿɱǾ۳ɵġ
ǽΪ֮γϣõϵԪѪȻǵѪŨȲߣҲǿѪ֮ˣ˲ߣǵļеõ˴м䣬ȻģȫҲţֻҪһ壬Ϳ԰Щڻͨʱ򣬱Ҳ磬ȥһң䣬
㻹ǴԲѣһţȫžžı죬۾ʼɫͫʱ󣬸䣬·ռ䣬ͬʱһ۸һһΪ׵ʮѾʼƴˣǾȻȼһɵıѪ
ΪֹڵľѪѾȼɣѪˣ֮ͻϨȼɣȻҲӰ쵽պĳɾͣҲ˵ϹʮѾƸۣˮһս
ھ޴ʹ£˶ˣ
¡
ɫתиĲӰը÷飬ȥһٶؾħֱӻɷɻң
һһѪӿһѪֱӿһˣ
üͷ˲һ˿ѪɽеҪڰ˳ϵԿħ٣ʮϹɵĴѹ֪
͹ȺСˣһֻСȻСǼʮֻСȻв󷨡Ȼ棬ûõģǱսעҪ
һΧͻȻһԪͬ糵һתߵĴؾħȻн˽ûڣɵˣ
巢һı죬ʼθߣȫøӽʵòҲͨؾħ
һսעԽԽңԽԽϹʮӣһ־ǲϧ۵ƴݣ
ͬʱĵҲ˿ս
ħһħħͷΪĶħÿһײͣǵΪȻȲûǵǴ۷״̬ڶɽ֮С
ʹս޹˼ɣ
ƣֻһͷɱ
ƴ۵ɱˣ
ĵǱĿͲ࣬ɵòڴؾħΧ֮£᧿Σͷħڿʼ֧Ųסˣ
ʱǱ˵ƽˣԱ⡣

һҽһĵӱħҧֱۣһ˲䣬߰˸ؾħ˵ڣֱӽʬ

һʺѪڿб̻ͬһѤãȻѪУȴֽű׹Ԩ
սôãĺĵ˵һˣ
Ҫ֪ЩӲô˵һͻ󽵵ͣڶǾͿˣԽ࣬ǵսԽ
˵ζѾ᧿Σˣ
ô죡׵ٵ˵ƾƽʱԼʵţһվҲΣңڣҲֽţԭΪɽ֮еǺ׵õؼôԸϹ塣
ڽȴ֪ǴˣúףϹʮѪȼˣȻûκ
ؼؾħҲԶԶֹʮһ·ɱϹڣһϢʱͻɱٸڼսʱ䣬Ҳûɱˣؾħû٣дؾħԴԴϵĸ
ˣǼսȥѯʵĶƽʵѾ⡣
ƽʱҲԾϣ֪ľϹϵ⼸ʮ
ǰѾ粽Уҵõǵϣ󣬳Ϲܹս
ˣҲ쳣ѣǱΧֻΪħͷ̸ף
ʣƽΣ飡

һҽУڶ
ģϹŷĵӣʺ־ȥӵߣĿȫѣؾħɸɾŵˣ
ֻʱܸеĿ£ȷʵвˣЩ˶붼ǻüΪʹģ˾ˣʺ־ˣעɾڣӵʮԻӻ޾Ůܣôȥ
磬˰ɣҪˣʺ־ˡ
ƽɫţĿһ۽׺ͷ𩣬Ҳȴ֮ģʱˣ˷۱ʲôôûõʧôӣҲʾ˾ߵܡ
û취ĴʷϣҲֹŵؾҲʧأ
еȼհɵľѪɱȥסƽͬʱ´
ûϹƸ۵ҪƸۣҲҪʵʱģɱ
˵ȼվѪǵѡ
еļսݱÿһϢʱ䶼мʮϰٵؾħǷԲ֮ڣϵؾħֻҪЩ˳类ĥ
Ȼһ޹أѾϢǵ·
ǣɸ߶ȣһһںɫ֮ϡĴ󲿷֣ûںɫཬҲǰ
ɲΪԼϢ͵ǣϢӵ
ûעΪɿռڱȫϢټ֮ǱУս֮У˭Ҳ̽鵽Ĵڡ
ȡǾͲͬˣôһͻȻʧϹĵӺֻҪɵῴ
ʱͼ˱ȻΪǵıŭΪ˵ҪĿꡣ
ɲΪԼڵʵܵǵκһĹ˵ʮɵĴҲ쳣ֲοǻȼ˱Ѫ
Ϊ̫ɺӵߡ
ôô죿
˲ǧٸͷĽǣϹĵƴܾˣϹʣ¼һϢģ壬ʮؾħİΧ֮С
ʱаܣںս׵ĸ֮£ͲؾħֱײȥͳͳײƬ
ǣֻһսʧ⣬һȡ˳׵ʤô͵ǼƻͲʵʩˣᱻʤһ֣ںɫ


1055 ʱ
֮УսԽԽײУʱֻòݡ
ؾħĴĵӶƴˣ
һɫҰףӣҲһļһսǻûܵõǣҲҪһ꣬Ӱδĳɾ͡
˵ġ
ԣǱҪӮ
¡
ǿ͵ײʮϹֻȻһ𣬺һֱһѪһֻΪӸɫ԰ף촽Ѿ˼ˡ
ϹӵձΪǰ˾ɣ͵ˣû츳սޣļս֮У֧š
˵һҲѪӿͷٽޡ֮У츳ߣΪҲߣʵǿһ߰ɵǰһпɱü
ʵߣܵĵӾأʮۣʮķ֮һ֮һһģ
ʱһĶҲܣ
ħٳϵҪǵľԪѪͷˡ
ȺС󣬳׼ŭˣ
ұۣȫѪ˴ߵѪ⣬̺֮Ѿӵ壬ҲоѨҲѪ
ħһһɱЩӣħħȼΪɱˣ
ۿѾ⣬ڿ֧ţ´
вģϹĵӡ
ಣ
ħһһźӰɻصߣħͷȫⱩǣȻҪƴļơ
ֱƣƴӡ

ʱ·Լȫںɫ֮УĿתĹ۲Ͽշļս
Ϊ±ҷųֻ֪ǽ۾¶棬һȥĺڹй۲죬Ұޣ۲龰Ҳģ壬ԪУռ֮ʱ޿̲ڱؾħɵսĲˡ
ʱʲô
ԭһ׻ģǵӣ͵ߣѶ̫󣬺ױ֣ο϶һ˿ֻ֪ҪԼ˵ǣһ£ܻᷢ
ֻܵȣȴһѵĶʱ
ҲǶǵһ޴飬֪ҲΣգһ֣ȴľһ֡
ʱ䣬һһţ
߳˺飬黹û˲䱻ֽ֮һ˿˿ɵ뵽֮֮С
ͬ˿һȻʲôûǱȾսһҲɣ
ΨһֵҵǣǸûؾħڣԸ߶ȼоȴǿֻаٷ֮һɲǵĶʱ

һϹŷΪħħƴ֧ŲסҽУըѪ󱻴ؾħֳԸɾЩؾħͬȺһ㣬֮ʲôʣ¡
һϹŷֳ֮һȱڣ֮ǰƽƾԼڵʵǿ֧ţҲˣ֧Ųˣֻؾħȱڳɱ˹
ǵĿǾĻʺ־ʱϹŷܲӣ۵ȥģֻˣԻʺ־ΪҲͳؾħҪĿ꣬ɱֻؾħÿһֻаǧϵΪ

ʺ־ֵĲҽУһɷֱֽ飬֮ʱַܸܵĿ־壬
ʦ֣ң
ʺ־һҺʱƽȴ·ûʺ־ĺֻ۾΢΢һɨ˲ж˻ʺ־ԵľƣֻǧΪؾħ֮ƹʺ־Ѿ˻ʺ־̣
ƽȫʢ״̬Ȼֻؾħ»ʺ־ڣǿ֮ĩҪͬʱԶʮֻؾħΧʱԹ˲Ͼôְܳˣ
ûʺ־ըʳһɲǻᣬӳȥ
ƽһûȥȻʺ־Żʺ־飬ؾħʳʱܡϾʺ־һϹŷܲĵӲʣĸˣĸˣʲô
ģ
ľˣƽȻϹŷӣ縺쵼ӵ񣬵Ҳڲ˺ԼʱʵһͬڵӻǿԵġǹغԼʱ򣬵ȻȿԼˣ
ʦ֡
ʺ־ͬʱʮؾħ˺ҧ֮ȫؾħ
豻ʳ౻ҧѪҺڵʣ֮ҲҪ˺ˣ־˫ʹûʺ־׾ҵŤҵ¡
ץƽķԹ·ƽһһ㡣
Ϊʲôң
ʺ־Ҫ˻Ѿˡ

ƽĮ֮Уʺ־ֻ͵ѪǻǻȫըѪɣоԼڱؾħʳ־ԽԽģ
ڻʺ־һɲǣƽŴؾħȥһ˲䣬˵չֱӳ˳ȥ
ѾȥŶˣŶսѾҲԼʵǿ󣬻һЩս˶׸ˡ
һʧȥӻõŶӣΪĿؾħ£Ͼһ˳ӣˣסؾħ
ƽ
ʦ֣㣡
ۿƽһߣϹŷһ̶Ƿߺ޺;ûƽǸ֧ţ
ӣҲӣ
ûĹǣӶˣҲʼɢܣȻɢȴø졣
ɣħɳƶӲޱȵɱ

ʮһʮʮš
ȫཬ֮УĬʣĵ
֮ǰв᲼ķܲ˻ûע⣬ܹĵֻʣʮŸˣϹռʮҲ˵ֹһֻʣʮĸӣƽÿ岻ˣ
ⲻУҲǻˣдҪս֮ң֪
ΪΪʳЩ˶дõǰ;Ȼдܳɾʥ޵ʮڣʲôûʣ¡
ипҲֽ֪ΪĴ˵͹ʵϾؾ⡷мأɽ֮ʱΪնɱʷҲնɱӣοһΣǵջ
ȴһǽ֩룬ΪնȴͶ
˿ʱΪǹִһͻȻ𹥻˾֮У˲ص
ԺЩͷʱ֮УʮӽµȻ飬ֳױˣ
ֱͬʱʮȻһѪʶĵɳȥ
ţ۾ȻһϹĴڱˣ


1056 ǵ
ϹȻǿǱϾΪβ룬ߵڣ͵ȴֻɡ
ءɵΪһһ󾳽磬С磬ʵ̫ˣҲʹʮı㣬ھγײ֮ڴЩ㿪ʼˣ
ЩԹȥ߰ɵĵӣȫԪľʶģʮؾħĴ֮³֪
⣡
ˡʮۿʮΪɵĵͽ׵شд󼱣һƣȴǵľֻ
һߵ˲䣬һͻȻһ˿âһӣһϯʮڰ״̬ĵͽ׵ӷɳ󷨷Χ֮ǰסǣһȻһץԼһֻ޴צĿʮӡ
һ㣡
ϹĵӷȻѾˣֻǸͽ׵ȫѪ⣬ǵľѪһµյʹƬƱø貣
һ󣡡
һһ˿飬ӶȴȻһͻ·ǰһϤǸʦ֣һħ
Ȼ˵ʮʱľȫʧȥʶ³ЩҲԮǣϾǻӣҲΪǲսǡ
£һȴ˱ĻɱǣȡȫѪʮһ
Ȼ˵Ͻȷѡ񣬷ʮӵľѪǻᱻյǸ޻·ԣһܺ飬ԥֻɱͬţȴ˸е־壬һֶεպɳǻΪһħ
ŸʲôѵҲһŷӦæʼʮȼյľѪʮ
ÿˣΪһսȼյɾѪδ̤ʱӰյľ磬ܰ׷ѡ
ڻɱͬŵĶһеûʲôϵ
ˡ
߲תٴתӴϢɢ졣
СһݣһǰҵĲţ·Ҫֱ仯ԭȷʵʮͽ׵ӵľѪһָ죬󷨱һ˲䣬Ͱǵ飬ȫѪͶ֮ȼա
ԭЩֻȼɾѪȴʣİ˳һȼǵѪ⾫ҲȫͶ뵽֮У
һԭʮȻϣЩߵҲӳĿҫۣ󷨵ǿ
һ˿ɵ֮ɫףϹӵһסˣӮˣ֮ҷ
Ҳļ󣬸ǹеȴ޽İա
ٺ٣ܹͬţͲô
ͻȻХһߵħһ㲻һץС

ħһõһ֮ɫȻΪﵽѾӵǻۡ
뷴һüĴֱ߽ķʶһϢʱ䣬屬飬һƾˣ
һ̣ͷ·һֻӳ˯ѵ̫žޣһУһУ
ȻԼˣչɱ
У͵۳Ѫƣָо·ձ˺ѣ˴ƬѪһ㡣
ȥ
һȳˣһеѪҲըѿ˷䣬·ĺɫǱ޴ݣͬһ޴ӳȭһȭ˺ҳӣཬ䣡һ˲䣬֪֮ˮɾ໯ɷɻҡ
һֱ֮еĿһڣ
űըһ˲䣬Űڻ֮£úս׻ס壬һϯǣϼУ
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ϹʮĹȼʮӵȫѪ֪ನҲһ˲
зֽһзĺս׻壬Щɿռ֮Уֱӱֽ⣬޿ҵĳȴ޴ĶֱӱƷˣ
ң
ȫѪӿҲһˣʱ˼ҲҲ˼սĽ֮󣬽ըĳȫܣ
ûѡյ·ߣǺȻ˵£
ؾħ仯֮Ѫ֮һؾħΪûʵǱɫ֮УҪһ㣬ô޳ǲܵģħپͰ׶ˡ
һӵ¶߾õѡ
ϹŷĵǣҲֻףรʱѱȻɽħ۹֮УΪشԵһߣʱûЩԶԶǿԼĶͻǿƺʱգûֱӻڶʳ
ӳȥջ򣬾
Ψһźǣе豻һ룬ջܸࡣ
˲̰ᣬѾ֪㣬һλڵ裬һˣǰȡõ
䣡
ǵͬһʱ̣֮УϹĵҲײһʱİոոպã
ؾħڱը֮лɷɻңཬɸߣͬ͵ĺɫХƱãʧɫ
ʮϹѪɳȥۿ׶༪ˣΪֹϹĵӣҲֻʣʮˡ
һսңҪ֪Щ˶ǰèĴ徫ӢеľӢÿһҪĴԴ
ţʲô
֮УȻѾشѪģȴоһ˲䣬֮еһƸ֪ݻˣ
д󾪣
ֻС뾫ԪɶĹ辫ԪǱǶ޼֮
ԭĴŵӵѪԼ壬Ͼ⿿һͷ壬ֻһͷӣֻѪ֮֮һвпܡ
ڣǱ͵ˣ
˭͵ǣҪ
û뵽Ĵս֮УʮؾħİΧ֮£Ȼ͵ǣȻǱǸ͵սҵһ˲䣬Ͼˣ͵ǣ
бŭоԼʮ꣬ȴͬһ׳һˣˣ
ӣ
ȻɱһɲǣķӦʵ̫죬ǲ׽ܷʱҲ˲ȥһֱӽ׷ȥ
ʱϼ֮У¶ԭţĶҩ԰ҩķͻȻʱһӨӨĹͷֱӲ֮У
⡭ǡ
¶ɴһ˫


1057 һ
¶ϼ֮󣬾ֶĸоΪϼĿռգҲ淢ʲôֻ֪Լڱϼһ˲䣬ʮؾħɱ
ǻҵĲս
¶Լ¶ս֮Уֻһ³ǾǱֳԵʣʬ޴棬ǹؼʱ̣ȴϼ䣬ҲζŽսҪһеˣ
¶֪Լǿ̫ˣĲս¶ȴûаӳ
ۿʱһϢһϢţѾȥСʱˣϼ֮ȴûдκţ¶Щˡ
شĳһ̣ϼͻȻ飬ؾħ˽
ϼоɫ¶ȴձʲôҲܳȥܿڹؼʱҡ
һֱϿôҲû뵽ϼڲһƿռ䲨֮󣬽ȴһǣ
ǣͬһ˵ɫ񽣣ֱϼ֮УɢޱӴѹ
֮ϣޱȣĹģÿһĶҪͼеʮʮٱڻϼصʥ飡
ʥֻоŷÿһǰİ
¶Ȼһڿˮˮǻŵɫ
Ȼ᲻ϵǣأܽڣϹʮӣڶӲϧĶ
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ǡ
̣
ôܣôõǵģ
᣿
츳ٳڣҲϾΪޣֻɵΪһǰĻᶼûУοнס𩣬ܹŵӣôҲܣ
ȡ
ǻۣҲɵӣ෴Щ֮Ӹĺ֮ҲΪͣǻʮ֣Ҳܣ
¶ͷȴһͷˮԭΪܾͲˣȻû£һժӡ
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ҧҧ촽¶Ŀ֮ϣЩƲˡ
̲ס߹ȥǵı棬ֲڲƽĸоһɲçۻϢַĵľη֮С
֮ǣ
¶ȻᡢҲĵǣȴ̲סʼŲǱĹķڣһʵͶһְȫ
¶ʱȴһغشΣ
֣ǵ͹ھս֮Ȼ׷Լ
飡
һѹֱӱըȥֱ׷룡
Ϲʮӣղŵһսʧӣʵһ١
ʱһ˫ĿѪ죬ȫû뵽ذʱ
ΪǣȼɾѪδ˴ҩϧкͬŵĶȴװΪ˼£
ܲޣ
˭ңһͬһͷ˵ıŭҰޣȷ˲ƽǽףҲǷ𩣡
һܹʮؾħİΧ֮УϢĽӽǣǱӵʱ䣬һ֣
пܣԷͲ࣬ؾеĳִڣͿǣȴڵõᡣ
Ҳһ⣬úɿռڱȫϢټ˻ս֮УһΪٸʮҲ׽Ϣ޷жǲࡣ
ټһ֪սѾ൱񺣳ڵľţҵ۶ؾħɱɿռƽսҪסƽЩߣҪǣúɿռڱȫϢڵǱУᱻؾħԼûʲôؾħ
ڶսȫƵ£һٷḻʮոҲ뵽ǡ
ʱֻзŭбˣ˵ĳ裡
ǣҲ
ȻҲͬʱʰδ֪ڣĿޱãڣƸӣĿܣ׷ȥʲôϣûˡ
ʮˣܲʮȻʮ󣬵Ҳһս֮ң˵ĵӶǾ£ǵǿڣ¾ת׷
һ´ʮ֮Ув˶ȴ֮ģǸоһǷˡ
ȼձѪ֮ǵ״̬Ѿ۷ʱһɣ֮
ľתҲǻָĳҵսһδ㹻ʱ˷Ѳ˵ؼǣܲܵõǣ
һϧһдȥǵӣûаȫУҪ֪֮ǰһǺԥȼʮӵľѪһĻ᲻Լ
߹ȻҪ׷ѰԵƴȨ֮󣬸оԼǾһõǵϣޱãʱ򣬾Ҫ
ɽڲûգպһлԵֻҪڡ
һʦ֣Ҳȥˣ
Ҳȥˡ
ʵҲﵽڣôһĵӵ̬ЩɵģȻηһĿҲǰвȥ˼ˡ
ţǣ
һĿһʱһűЩƽʱηĵӾͻͳһսߣָӶЩˣҹؼǣҲѾûʱˡ
ãǲҪڣ
һͻȻһӣ˼ѾȥϹӵʬ壬һöתת˺ɫʱԲܵʱ䣬ͻʧȥδ֪ڵӰ
һͬʬһ˲䣬ϹļӶɫЩѿȴû˵ʲô
ȻһʬЩ˵ľѪȼ֮󣬷ƱػᵼЩʬ޴棬ʵĺ
ھ޴ջǰһȫ¶ײеıԡ
ȻвȴҲֹֻܷһô
ʵһһ˵ʵȻܵеùʵߵ
ȴЧδ֪ڵԼڹؼʱͻȻѣ֮
ò˵һ뷨ҳɹʺãһȻǸδ֪УԼΪʲôУ
ⳡԵʵڲĴܶԳɹǣľôһֿܣڽϽ֮·
ಣ
һû֮УȫϢǱضСֻˮϵ򣬶ϵһϲͨǱضзǳѣǰ·Ѿȫըһȫ£֮ǰ׷ǰˣǰõġ


1058 ǿ
һߺؾħĹʱûָӣЩؾħҲặηĹȻǿѪ⣬Ҳ˼ԼĴĵӣѾǿ֮ĩ֮ǰϰٰʮؾħ汳£ǿ߾͸ˣȼһЩѪնɱ󼸰٣ǧؾħ
ڴؾħնɱЩؾħʼȴ֮ģɴʶεȻȻΧĴӵĲҪĽɫҲѹ
ʱĴĵӵȻǳûˣȥ׷ȫǿЦĻÿ˶һô
벻Ц˲أȴһЦ
û취Ǹδ֪ε̫ˣٶȼ죬ܶݵضУһҲȻǸ֣
˵ףǿźɿռЧʮؾħɱɱɿռҲľοʮؾħлħһħݵħͷЩһǶƽ˿סˡ
ˣȥˣĻԵͶӦŶķգǲܵõģһִţװ׶飬ŻЩʱ䣬ҲЩջ񡭡
һϹŷĬĬ˵һ˵ǵ鶼Ϲŷ˵֮ǰòİ˸ĵֻʣĸˣЩֹӸ׶༪٣Ҳ˵Ϲŷܻ˾Ѿ컯ˡ
壬Ҳûǿ٣һؾʮ˸ӣֻʣʮˣȥ˴룡
ˡˡ¶ˡ
ʧǵ˵ղս̫ңѱĻоȥ룬ɣսУ׶༪١

ʱںڰһ·ֱ壬Ѿ°ȴܸеһǿԼϣɭȻɱâڱ
׷ᣡ
漬֣
üͷ֣ԼС൱֮ߵٮٮߣǵľԪ֮˵ܱ׵һΪħ٣״ֱ̬һϹɴˣҲܹġ
˵ףΪ̫ͣƾɿռڣһ¶ĸ֪֮£ʵ߶ʱ¶˳
ɡɡһֱһǧɣ
ʱѾһǧʱоһǧĵ£ѹѾ󣬶ĵòͷˡ
Ƭڰ֪˶꣬ǧ£Ϊ޴ѹȴѹ˼ӲĺɫӲȲʯ͡
ˣ
üͷһ壬а֮Ĵ߶ɿռ䣬ɫϵܽ⿪¶ѻɿռȻųһз򣬵ҲҪǿԪ֧š
ΪֻɣӲĺɫǰٶ轵
ԽԽˣ
ԸеǹɱԽԽ
⻹ڵ£ƾɿռ䣬ڷмƣǼˣٶҲ
ڵرǽ˵ˣƾţн׹Ӱ似֧ţҲǲѷɡ
ʵ̫ˣ
СӲˣ󣬴һɭȻʱȫԡѪͬһĶ
Щ˶һϹɵģôصˣĵ˾ųɵԪʵֻ۷ʱڵİٷ֮ȴ͡壬Ŀ๦˲׷Ͼؾħıһظ赲ǡ
Χɱ
һ˫ƽƶʮɫͬһȷʵͷ
ۿЩҪǰΧ£УȻһ
ΣһɲǣĿϼ֮гѪǹȻһǹ̳ŰپʮöѪСǹǹз籩ǰĺɫ˲пͬʱüĴķӡ罾һһֻɫķ˴ڳ͵Ļ֮ӿЩĺɫ˲仯ҽ
ಣ
ҽ֮յıܿ˺ɫΧɱ
䣡
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ĿһԭȻ׷󣬵ȫֻɵĺսף˻ڣͻȻó˻ϵ似ĳ֣ͺˡ
Ĵ徫ͨϵֻл롢Ϲŷ壬ղŽɫȻˣԼԼĸܵһ޵ϢϾǣϢ֮
ĴĵӣȻȺС󣡡
бŭԭʵǿֻǽĴСǵǿҪһ򾡣ԼѪ֮ôҲû뵽Ǹһʵǿ󣬾ȻܹӲĹƽסҲߣΪؾħ֮£ȻܹӳȥǰС󣬾Ȼ͵Լǣŭ֮
Ҫץ㣬ҪʹķȥѪ⣬븹Уĥǧ꣡
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ˣ
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ڣŷ֮ѪȼգаѿҲѸģǧĵ£ÿǰʮɾ룬ھһս
ƴľһֻҪȥתͲţڵ޾
ǧɡǧɡǧɣһɡɡɣ
ɣһȣƽʱֻҪϢʱͿԷӣڣһӵʱ䣬̶ʱ֮ڣڵѾ֮߳࣬Ҳ֧Ųסˣ
ĶͷȫǺˮȫѪӿţ
׷ᣡ
о¶Ѿߣʱź¡һ죬һӲʯһɿ͵
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۾һҽ֮УƾĻϵмƣ
ȻոͷһɲǣͷҲǺ¡һ죬ʯƿһѪӳɱ˫ĿѪ죬ͷɢȫɱʵʣͬһֻԨħ
һݣתҽȥһצҲ֮ץ


1059 
ȥ
䣬һצоߵԪˣռ֮ҲΪ֮ᣬ޴ɶ㡣
ôôǿ
ҧأƾŵ֧֣кսװȫصɣҲ߳ɵԪ֮ǰȾ˴ħٺϹɱ˶صˣһ·׷ɱһֱڣٶȲʽֱв֮
ǿʹ˼飡
䣡
֮һֻ޴ħצɱɱˣħȼգһ״̬Ϊ⣬Ҳ൱һ侳ߵĹ
޳侳ߣǰϣҲƵˮƽҲ˵侳Ʒһ
ص˲䣬˿ȼڵĹŷﾫѪͨĹŷ֮ѪһιŷﾫѪ
ŷﾫѪԭо̺ǿƥ޾ΪѪôȼն١
һ̣ȫǣһţĻԪۣɻ㣬ȻѾƽСɵĻϵط򡪡Ρ
Ϊʱ򣬾ܲݻʵ壬ȵȣʵＸû𣬵ǲǻ⾳ֻûԪ߱ʵ̬ˣ⾳ûӵӵԣһɻ൱ʮɻ֮
ȼչŷﾫѪΪ֧ͷŵĻ֮ǿ󣬸οһ˲ٻаѿг˯ʨԴ
׻֮˲佻֯
ȼչŷﾫѪͬʱͷ֮ڵǿһˣ
׻֮ĳħצײһһʱ䣬·һ޴Ļɽڵص
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𶯣ҽ죬ڵһƬ£ױˣ
£ѹֲҲ΢΢ɫ䡣
ͷų˾һըನɨУֻúһȻһѪͬʱͬʯһҽأֱ׹£
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裬ʣ޵Թӿһͷ
ȼɶľѪתɱôʦܣȴʲôûõ
ôȥܵŵ𷣣ҲͬųЦͷ飡ЩλˣеˣǲŹѹĻᣬܿܳŹطϾľʧ󣬵Ϲ˲صʧ
õǣһж⣬ǵòǾв֪ˣſЦͬʱݺݵĲһţ
ɱˣ뽫͵ǵʬΣ裡

һʵŭȫǣһҪõѾû·ˣҲģ

ʱҽ۳صȻ׷ᣡ
̺ҲΪˣҽ¶һҲȻǵʮ˲Խ¶ȾԽߣѹҲԽ
Ļ˵ǵϰʮ˲֮ҽ֮д󣬲ҪĴԪһܵõϵԪĲ䣡
Ͳˣҽֿܲס
ˣľȴԽԽС
ƵƵ𹥻û˥˵ƣ𽥵Ļָ
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ôܣ
ܵд󾪣ڳļս֮УָܻԪƣǶ̬ĻָԼﵽ侳ҲˣֲڶħٵĹУܿסϹһһεȫ
ţϹ塭塭
ȻһȻˣ
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ĴѪÿһֶеƣϹŷѪȼվѪ٣ϹѪȴǿԪͻָ档
֮ǰյ̫Ų֮ѪõϢԪԣԪԼǿϢɢָۣٶҲ죡
ڵȻҲ߱Щԣ
ԭˣǵľ裬ҲϢԣŻô̬Ԫľֱ쿪ûʮֱ̬֮Ҳɹħ٣ڲԽԽǿԼֻ᲻ֱԪľҽ֮УҵҲһң
жȻһ㣬Ȼʱȵҽ֮Уȴֻһɺֱ飬ûоٽóȻȡǣ͹ʵʮԼɽʱſɱĴţûԼ̣
оԼսѪǹѾ˺ˮʱϼ֮Уȴһ˼ı仯
ϼ䣬ھǹȥ˲ӵʱ䣬¶һֱ֮ǰǱķġ
Щķ̫¶Լߣ֪У״̬ʱȴȻһ𣬴ӿ״̬ѹ㵵ķ֣
ǵ𶯣ϼռ𶯣
ܶȼ󣬸ղֻʮɵĹͷû˵£ɼķͳأںɫʱС󷨵֧֣ˡ
ÿһǣرȾʯǣرɽ룬֪ˣ
ô£
¶оɲԼóȻʲô䣬һΪԼǾˣԼȴŪǣʵ޷
֪Ǻõʱ򣬸¶ԾһĻˣһǾǱһδ֪𡢰θߣ
ֲڵǱ棬һİأʯɽİգ˵
áò飬ĴһǣҪ˰ɣ
¶ɫ΢΢ףѣ͸ˣ˭֪ǵѣ
ڵǣΪǵƲʲôӡ󣬵ʱŭ룡


1060 ɫӰ
¶֪ôźãʱ㵵ķ֣һɵɫƾðһסˡ
δ֪֮£ǵڱѸٵĳ룡
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¶ɴ۾ѵӦðǣӦȽָռ䣬е̸ףҪڤ񣬽Լ״̬һһգܲס
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顭
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ǲҪ֪֪֪ͨ¶ת֪ͨʱսΣ֮С
ճ˵İȫ˵ĻһӦӦǽϼ䣬úһԼսƷ֮飬ϾǽҪۺı
һֱû֤ûΣգ
¶ں˼ʱ򣬶Ȼǰһõİ׹⣬ǰ׹Ĳţγˮһ·ڱ仯ʲô
¶̲ס˼Ŀǰ׹ⲻϵı仯ǽγһžףģ٣͸¶һɵĮʡ
ӰŰ׹һŮӣν𣿡
飬Ҳ꣬ʵûжսˣޣΪ壬Ϊ֧ߣʧȥʧȥֻڣɱΪޣܴ½ʱħսҲûж١
һ㣬¶սеļƷʥȫע׼ӦʱܵսȻ²ǰŮӰһ飬ôǰܱܿԼǿ򱶣ѾˣֻʣһƲл꣬δԼĶ֡
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ǣôܣѵ־ս飿
Ȼ˵־ܹıʵӲȡٶȵȵȣϣЧȴҪۿۣڣһƲл꣬ƾ־սʵͶӰֱжǶôֲʵ
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ᡭᣡ
Ȼʶһ㣬¶ֻ׹˾Ԩȫһ飬䡣
һᣬ͵Ŷʮ꣬дõ껪ĸʣ

¶ƴҪȻȴоԼǿֲ˵ֱө֮£޷ƥУԽԽ΢·ҪԶķסһ㡣
˯˯¶ϵĶԼ˵ţԼ֮еһ˿

ں޵׵ҽУܿ㽫ٶ١
ʵҽʮ˲ͬʮ˲֮гŻԪ磬ҽ޴
ʮ˲֮Уܹٶʮ٣پѾΪˣ
һڿгٷУֲĴοܵҽ֮С
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ټһﵽڻ߲ı׼һ֮Ҳǿѡ
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û뵽ֻһϹŷСӣΪ񺣣ȻƵ˱Ϊҽκβˣȷʵ˵ΪϧȴˣѾָ˽һɵʵնɱ㣡
ͻȻȫŷɫ磬ͬʱ˫ֽӡɰǧġ
Ϲв󷨣ǰϹӵõУΪؾħȻû취Ĺǲ󷨻ǰõģڻ˴Ĳ裬ѧҪɺܶࡣ
ʵҲ㲻̫󷨣Ҫ֪֮ǰսƾ豾κ󷨺似󷨶սֻмɣҲ˼ȵΣ֮С
ҽ֮Уɫķģʮ
ӡɱ
˫һϣЩɫľȻһ𣬻һʮɼľ޴Դӡ˹
һ˲䣬оԼΧĿռȫ޿ӣֻӲԴӡĹһҪ֮ǰĹҪǿͲܿġ
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ıˣֻһΣؾ֮ǰʯԱʱ֮ģһ飬һŻ
ЩҪκԪһʹãҲͬЧҲ˵ը񺣴ܣȻǰըõ
Ϊıÿһֵһߵʱ̣ʹãڲòˡ
䣡
һը˲ھŻҷԴӡȻһ𣬱˺һȱڣ
ڱըȫĻյû˺ǾһײΧԭһߵĻȴ߽˴룬ֻʣĴˡ
һιǾҪѡ
ţСӣ
û뵽ԼΪʮþȵһֱˣСߵǿһ㣬ھԵΪ£Լ׷ɱ˿Сʱʱ䣬һ
Ĵһзĵӣܺãɱ㣬õıҲʮֿɹۣùһ㲻ʮ壬и㣬ɣȻؾȫգģ
ſĴЦȻ񣬵˵ȴʵھԵΪ֮£ѾǯƵģ
Ȼɱ׽¹ǣҲκνѵĻᣬΪҹζ࣬Ҿﳹɱ㣬ҽ룡
ӢͻȻһ˿Ѫ֮ɫ
Ѫ׼
Ȼһ𣬶ըһ̻һѪ꣡ЩѵѪڿвϵŤţ·һ䶯ȫûڡ
壬֮ͱɺɫʵȻһȻԼһֻƣɵеѪ⾫Ԫתöʱ


1061 ĸ
ԭץѾʮþȣĵصʲô䣬Ϊ˱֤һʧһֻơˣպͨɾԪǣǾˡ
һ̣оԽԽٽֻʣһ飬֮⣬ֻʣ˴Ļ뵽һ뵽ҽϣã

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ھ֮Уǵɴһ˫ŵ۾ĶǰͻȻֵŮӡ
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ǰŮӣȫ··ΧռΪһ壬һ˫ͫʣӣ޷⣡
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һȺˣһŮӣħһȫɱ
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ڿǰ¶񣬸ǹʶĸожȻǸŮӡ

ôͻȻˣռ¶壿
ŮֻĿһۣһ仰û˵Ȼתͷ
ʱɲŮϸܵһɿֲϢͷƤ飬תߣȴϣζܷ
˭ҪɱǸС޹أи㣬л
˹֣ӲͷƤ˵
Ѿо߲ƣµŮģΪһǿҪؾҪܵطƣҪʯ˵ˣ׼ɱﵣΪʲôóԼ׷Ǳ
ܿŮؾĳδ֪ڣΪĳԭĳϣⱦǡɱؾеõˣԲŷ˸ղŵһĻȻҲŮӲϤδؿϰֻҪסǾˡ
뵽һǵϢй¶ȥ
ĻŮתɫûκα仯ȴͻȻ촽˵һ֡
ΪƮһ֣Ķȴͬ쾪ףͬȫת
Ѿһ򵥵һһ׭νԳ棬һ֣ǣط
ŮӵҲһһһʥƴһУͷһУһеڣ뵽壡
һʱ䣬ֻо·ľŭը죬ɽֲͷۻѪ

һҽУ嵹ɳȥĸܵڸղǸŮӹʱûж˿Ҳûжڴɽ׶εԪ
ֻս鹥̺֮ƣ
⵽ʲôˣ
ŵðʱҲȥԼǣתӡ
Ůһγˣڳֵһ˲䣬ƺ΢΢ü·𲢲ղԼһɵһ㡣

Ȼһԣÿһԣע־ʹ־ͶӰӰʵ磬ִ췣֮
һ̣ǰҽעŮӵ־֮ȻһӲޱȵԲ˼ٶȵͷ
䣡
ʵʵײҽ棬ͷѪʱһֻûκη֮Сһ㣬
ŮȴѾĿɿڴս黹ôãûκԪƾսͷ򣬾˿ֲս


1062 Ľܷѩ
㾿˭Ҫ̫ţоԼѾǸŮӵ־ȫˣƬ־֮УÿһҽԱɱ˵ֿԱ˵·ţ
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Ѫ׼
һĿ֮ɫٴóѪ׼һΣҰ߸첲ȻըѣľԪѪ⣬壬ҪյЩԪѪ⣬תƴһ
ȻʱħʥŮ³һ֣ӿҽ㻯һشֱؿڣҵ߹ݣѪģ
ұ۱󻯳ɵѪ⣬ȴħʥŮ־ǣ۳һöѪ飬Ůӵģתš
ԼΪͿ壬ͼѪ׼ʵѪԼȴûգħʥŮˣ
Ǻεȵı
˫ĿѪ죬ĿѣѾȫ״̬ͬһֻ˵ҰһħʥŮɱ
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ЩѪȴһ˲䣬ȫħʥŮߣһ⣡
һѪȫħʥŮָ۳Ѫ飬֮ǰֱ۳ɵѪ飬һ߰˿֮ࡣ
ʥŮ󿴵İզ࣬ǱһԪѪ⣬ħʥŮ߻Ѫ飬ЩѪɶǺöʮҽҲ޷գ
һ裬۳⸱ÿһѪⶼĵرԭֻǵõǣѪ⻹̺ľؾҲֻ۲һ£붼룬ڣҪħʥŮˡ
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ħʥŮָת߰öѪ飬׾ҵĳ鴤ţЦѡ
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ƴҽ֮еĻϵԪӴĺһӿƶӿһʱ䣬¯֮ڻϣ

ģƺĲҽУղʵ̫ǿǿսͬʱҲʱҪܸʹࡣ
ŻգҽԽԽСȫʧ֮УЩĴڵѪ⾫ȫյˣֻеѪ裬Ѫ边ڻƶлһβɫСڻ֮·ڣ
辫֮⣬ƶлһöںӣµؾˣ
ͨؾħڵؾѾؾеĶطյһؾħ¶ſʮգԽߵؾħ̵ķԽ࣬οһ
ŵ˵㲻յ辫̺ؾѾ޼֮ˣؾҲģڹޱؾȻĿ̫٣ؾֻеͽ׵Ӳܽ룬ǰˣοȥɱ
ֻһʱ䣬ħʥŮƶ򿪣һźںɫӳͷųҫ۵߲ϼ⣬ΧԪһ궯񵤳¯ʱе󣬲ħʥŮƵʵ㲻ϵҩֻǽڵ辫һ
ƶһգħʥŮöں쵤У⻬һĴУһƵһȦβǵ辫
ֻбһ㣬ʵڲ̺˿ռⱻѹ˵Ŀռ֮а辫Ϊֲ
ħʥŮöһͻȻһףֱ׸ˡ
򵥵֣ȴħʥŮһʼͬԭħʥŮ³ЩɱһʱĮ֮ͬط췣֮һ֡زʣΪۻĸо
³ʱȴͬȪˮˣʮö
æöӹܳĸоȻӵõħ֮𣬾ħʥŮϦദǾħʥŮôԼģȴһŲ֪֪ԼһܣʵԶԼŮӣмּɵ֮⡣
ǵİ˳Ѫ裬ŻָʶŵеѪǲˣѪŵ̺ͬ͵һĻرˡ
ħʥŮֻеѪ裬ǱûʲôãȻҲû֣ЩǣǿԱ壬ǿ
ħʥŮΪ壬ѪѪָ֮ǰħոֵľѪҲΪħʥŮԭҲ˵ħǲҪѪģħʥŮְ취ҪȥѰҸǿߵľѪȻ½ʱƵľѪħʥŮö΢΢ֱؾ֮Уõ˶裬ħʥŮڽ˻ָʶ
Ѿǵһμ棬ҽĽܷѩܷʥʥŮŮͻȻ˵


1063 һ˫
Ľܷѩ
˺һ
Դӵõħ֮о⣬ϵѰǿߵľѪȥħɣһȻΪ˻ħ֮еļƬǱʶ˵ҲǼΪ֪ħܡ
ħؼڣ
Ȼ˵졢Ժħʵûи̫İڵĳɾͣĸԼĴƴŬǺʵǣûħֻ˹һСߣ޵ڡڣǾǼˡ
ħʼĻۣȹһνżֵѵӡ
ȷϣħ޼֮һֱŪ壬ħʲôʲôЧǴ洢ƬЧôܵ᣿
ԺŲ֪ٸʣȴûֱӿѯʣΪȷĽܷѩĴ㵽ʲôȻǽԼŻָʶ˭֪ڻ᲻ֱӷɴռ¶壬ħ
ôģȥɵѯħǾͿЦˣ֪Ķ˵ᱻɱڣԸˣοĽܷѩ
Ľܷѩƺеļɵ㲻ؽţ˵Ȼħг˯꣬ʶһֱڣԴõħһҾ֪ˣҵѾҪѪָֻܼ֮ϣһǿΪѰѪָ֮ȻԼǿߣЧãֻҲŵùԸҺ⣬¹ңɱ᷸޴ĴҲḾ֮ʣͬʱҲ壬֪ͼԼĵߣҪ־ᶨһ׷Ѱ۷壬ܲ
ԭҶ츳ôϣû뵽ⷽҲһϲ½ߵߵһֱǸ漣ˡ
Ľܷѩһϯ͸¶ϢȻǰԼÿνħռƬĽܷѩģʶԼȥѰҸֵľѪ
ĽˣǴ㡭̽Եһ䡣
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Ҳ֮е飬ܷʥأֱĽܷѩ֣ĽܷѩҲܷʥصĸ߲֮һ
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Ľܷѩһһٵ˵УȴһȻ²⣬õĽܷѩȷϣȴǸоһͻ
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ҪһϽ̸ףЩ䣬԰ΪλģʵߣԪܴﵽǧ꣡
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ҵֻǰ벽ˣ˵ףʥҿһãȴٳδͻƣΪĽܷѩ˵ͻȻһ٣˵һĿɿڴĻ
Ϊҡ˫ޡ
ʲô˫ޣɴһ˫۾㵵ĿǰĽܷѩ˫ޣһ
ţʾ֮Ҳѡ˫ޣΪƬصĹıˣԺܶ˵ǵòʧ֮е֮Ҳ⣡
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·ʵΪԼ˽ⷨ˫޵ļѣ֪ʱŶݼ׶ˣĽܷѩ֪ܲ
֪˫޵ļѣ·ֻֿܣһԲɵϣڶ־ǡһţ츳̶ȸߵ޷
ʣĽܷѩǺߣôܳΪܷʥصʥŮܷʥҲǾʥأǽʥأ
Ҳ֮Уħֶôܷʥأ
Ľܷѩһֱ֮ǰûнĽܷѩ츳УΪ䲻
ܷʥʥŮܷʥʥܷʥأӦ͸󣬱ָߵߣһЩ̫ϳϣĽܷѩӦֻСС޵벽츳֪ˣ
һ˲뵽ණ
治֪ʲôѪʲôرģ̲סɻŲΪͨѪﵽ̶ֳȵ츳ԼҲڲϵĸԼѪʡ
Ľܷѩƺ̸ԼĻԻ͹ȥ˵ȴû뵽ҲϷ˫޵ĵ·ңѾе̶ֳˣ·жѣҲ֪ˣֻһ䣬ǷѾڷ˫޵ĵ·ȥ
һ£ᶨĵ˵ͷ֮ǰһŬԲķ񣬶ҼȻĽܷѩҲѡ˫ޣǾ֤·ʵߵͨģһͨмĺôֻǹ̼ޱȡ
ȻܳԣԼΪʲôУֻǲ֪Ľܷѩķ˫޵һǷѾ˵еĵǣ
ãҿ԰㣡ĽܷѩԼ˵
ң
һĽܷѩ仰Ȼһ˼ˣ
ŲȡħˣӦ˵ںܳһʱڣԼôܰɷ˫ޣ
֮⣬Ӧûһ˼Ľܷѩ֮ǰΪԼʶѣڼҲȻ⡣
۾һתʵòǴҰ㱨𣿡
Ľܷѩ΢΢һ㵣͵Ŀһۣܴɷ


1064 ùһ
磬ûԵ޹ʵĺãҲûԵ޹ʵĻĽܷѩȻֱղŵһνʮʵһֱ֪˴˵Ĵڣͨħϵһ˵˿νϢϢء
ûĽܷѩõħҲ޷ʹãнĳɾ͡
ûĽܷѩָʶ֪Ҫ£߲ܰҵ㹻ľѪָʶǿȥħܣ䳹׾ΪУͬʱʱ޵ֿ֮ĽܷѩƷҩϾһŵİ벽кֵܴңĽܷѩ껹֮
ֻ֣һиάϵԼ֤ʮһΪ˴ƷԸгֵʶſš
Ȼҵһˣ̸ס
ĽܷѩˣҲĽܷѩˡ
Գ˵ĽнգĶ£Ǹ𣬻ǰҶᶦοָֻҷ˫ޣôܾ
˵ⷬʼնֻǴӵĽǶ˵Լľûȥڤӵľ磬Ҳûȥϸڤ·Ҫһ𣬶Ҫȥɱһ΢һ㡣
㵹ţȷʵŵʱħ֮У˽ڵ츳ټǣȷʵʶʸ񣬲⻹Ϊڤʱ䣬ҡ츳ڤҲ֮е֮ӣ
ң֮ǰҵʵΪޣܶԪֻܿսͷսֻܿ߰ɡ
Ľܷѩ۷ʱ򣬲ǰ벽ʵһֻڷ˫ޣԪ㣬ֻ־ͷܱȵǿѾʮ˲ˡ
ڸղĽܷѩɻɱΪԭ۷ʱҲ൱ţοʱѾشǸնħٺ״̬ʵֻ൱ͨڣԲŻᱻĽܷѩɱ
ͷ˴µĸ˵ΪĽܷѩ̸ָף˵ȻǲУ᲻ϣдɾͣ˵Լһ壬Ǿ͸ˡ
ĽܷѩƾڰУڤΪѾˣһİɰŶݼףƺǱڷ˫޵ʱء飬֮⣬ܷʥظ֮ʱһЩԴЩԴصüΪأֻܿԭǵ͵ʹõģȴòˣЩԴǣʱһʵȻ춯أ
Ľܷѩһ˵һܷʥԴ
棬֪кĵرˣ̶ȿ֪ˣ
ĽܷѩûܳǣҲɼǵļˣӺͻʯ˵طı֮󣬳ɾ͵ȫУڿ˿ûпʣҪ˫ʵ̫ѣ
Ľܷѩţʵ켶ˡ
Ľﵱʱֻ˰Ŷݼף
Һ˰ŶݼףǧۣǣӦ˵Ѿһֻ̤˵ǵżˣֻҪаʱܴɣϧһ񣡡
Ľܷѩ˵̾һðզࡣ
Ľܷѩ겻֪˼ľѾɾͽˣ
Ļǰܷʥ֮սһ龰ˡ
ˣȳȥ飬Ժ̸
Ľܷѩ˵ţ׼뿪ҽأȴ΢΢һ٣˵ĽڿǽôճĴôţϣҪؾȻͨĴĴǿ϶סġ⻹¶
Ľܷѩ¶֣Ȼо¶Ӧû£Щġ
ǣʵڹϵ̫ˣĴ嶼Ϊôˣܸı̣ϹΪɱϹŷ壬ٱһЩȺŵӵĸִҪǡ
˵壬Ϲŷ壬Ƕ̣ϼܹ֧ԼҺͻʼأҶ˲ˣô࣬һռôôܣ
˵ھһգҲ̫ʵڵΪҪһ̫ǿ򵥵˵ǡղˣǰǡ
ȫˣȥ֮󱻷֣Ҳվڷ˼ϣܶûͣǣ̫ĻԼһЩܱ¶롣
Ľܷѩ¶ֻǱҷӡˣֻҪռ岻ã㲻£ʲôĿĨȥһֻ֣սΪֹǣĵ飬Ǿ͸ˣ㲻ҪգñʲôǲؽħռУ̽鲻صϹŷ壬ҸȥʱյǣͬʱһȥѰҵµܲԴһٳɾ񺣣֮󣬽һϢСǧУ˺̽
Ľܷѩһ˵ΪĶħռ仹Ʒ
ħ޷׽ֱӦ֮ڲռ䣬Ҳ͸
̫ˡдϲ֮ǰǵʱ򣬾ͷôǴȥڣȫˡ
ǳȥɡ
˵ţĽܷѩͻȻüһţȲˣֻһӦϹĵӡ
Ľܷѩĸ֪εǿҽУڲţҲ̽Χǧκη紵ݶ
ţϹ壿һֻһ˵ĻǶһ

Ĳȷʵһ
һȲϵҲϵһ·ߵȫΪ
ԭ·ʡڻûҽصʱһοֲıըֱӰˣھ޴ѹ¼羫ʯѹѪ
ǸʱһˣΪǣȼɶľѪתɱôʦܣʵڴ̫󣬵òǣصڵ³ңɱͬһ͹ȥʲôɡ
Ѿû·ˣֻܳɹʧܣ
Ǹǵδ֪ڣһϲǶ֣ܳɹķʽֻΨһһ֣ǾǸδ֪ƴܾʱ͵ǡ
һǰķǳСģԼһϢϹ壬һ֧Ϊֳ꣬P£֮һ׹һϣд޵ѪӵѪʩչһֹϢ󷨣һּΪٵ似ͨǿߣҲԷһټȻֲҲһðǰǵ̡
ȻôҲû뵽ǣ֪ǿ߸ǿǧٱĽܷѩֻ˵˵˵ùʱ򣬺ˮҭ


1065 ɻ
ڹҽУǱ״̬һһֻԪͣǰû˿ûҽĺ⻮ߵʱȻŤˣӾä֮С
Ϣ󷨲һ书ĺɿռҲضá
֮ǰܸܵǿԪӦýַǳңѾͣˣ֪ˣǸδ֪ڵʵ϶ͲŻˣӦ˵ʵϹʮֻҪö࣬˵ˣߣֽ֮ҽأ֤±ȻķϣȻλԼ֮У˵Ȼһս֮˵ƴܾˣʱҵĻˣ
һͷķĳЩ滹׼ȷֻôҲûܷͷϡ
ҧҧһ˵öת־תҩĵҩҲ˲ãҪһḶ́ϵĻͻҩţһ֮ǰµľתΪ֮ǰĶ˶Ч
ѾָʵˣȼһɾѪҿԻָ۷״̬һս֮˲ǹ裬ָǱѰһҪСģţˣ
һд󾪣Ȼ˹Ϣ״̬ԼһϢʱȫһҽеʯͷû
ȻһһĻĻӦľٶȫĽܷѩӰ˸оһеСʵЩЦ
ҪôĽܷѩʵõĴǡʵ仰˵ʱѾĽܷѩ̬ˣĽܷѩȻƮƮӣɱ
΢΢ʱһȻὲʲô֮ʣĵ½ϵһôͳɱԼˣ̫αװʺĴʦ֣ʵĺ죬мҰģΪĿĲֶΣͻߣϾǸպ˵һҧԼһڣϾ֮ǰĳͻһסˣˣŲű˲ǳ𣬶δѣһԸԼŷӵĽѵѾ㹻ˡ
ۺ֣ȻûаŹһĴ㣬նҪ
Ľֻɱ״̬۷ʱһɣһҲļȴҲǶ֡ȻѾȵ˶Էȵǣ
ãҲǴ⡣ĽܷѩһӣһŹһֱɶ

ţǹˣңܣһüͷ壬ԼĹϢʮţΪ򲻿ܷԼ
סԪɣڡ࣡ѵĴĵӣôܳѲҲģ
ʶһ㣬һдŭȻҹڶʳԼĵߣڱصãͼˣҪһ
ƽסˣһɵ֣¾ǾȻֻɵСҾ͸ɴǣǻҵĺ¡
뵽һһ˿˷Ľܷѩȥ
ܿͷˣһһŮϹŷķΡ
¶Ȼˣһûз֡¶쳣һΪĽܷѩȫӦ¶壬ɢϢѾû֮ǰôԣһͿ¶У³һٷḻҲ뵽ǰ¶Ѿ֮ǰ¶ˡ
һѾΣֻϢֱӳĽܷѩǰʱ˵۾һˣø֪ȥ̽飬Ȼһò̾ϹǱĸ
û뵽ǣǺñ£Ҿ֮лˣһе׷һĿ¶ش¶һ˿ζаЦ֮ǰһֱѹҲҪһѹ˵ĸоˣٺ٣ȻˣͲҪˣ¶Ҫлл㣬ȻŷѪԪҾЦˣԹ飬ɲ㣬Һô󣡡
ʵһҲѪԪͲˣûѪŮӽϣͷŵѪ֮Ҳ࣬οһΪǿơһסʹòɲ̰֮ļȡԪõĺôȻԶʧȥһѪöࡣ
һĻһĿѾڿһˣȻĻ¶Ľܷѩռ¶壬͵Ľܷѩⲻô
ɻĬĬ˵ʱһѾˡ
·һͺһȻһƴһֻӰֻ֫׳ϱһʯһޱȺأ·ܹǳĸо
֮ǰһצȫӲӣĿä
һȻǻѪͬʱӵצ˫Ѫ֮ҲǿһԭΪȺӴڵѪӶƸࡣ
һһȭҽӿʱĽܷѩ֮Уֻһĺ⡣
ƣ
³һ֣Ľܷѩֱָֻ䵭ĮĸоǴ飡
һĽܷѩ־֮ײһȭâ֮ϣûκһȭâ·𱻺ڶˣȭâ飬ʧ
ţ
һһ˿ݣô
оԼһ˲ˣϢָоɵ¶ܹӵеģ
ʯ֮䣬һѾЩֻ¶һָһָٶȲ죬ȴ̺ʱ䷨һָ֮䣬ʱѸţһ޷ܡ
¶õȻֻɵԪǿս֮£ЩԪɱȴѾ֪˶ٱ
Ĺ磬ѤãһȴܵһŨŨϢ
磬ɱң
һжȻĸо䣡
Ծ˵µ飡
ȣ
صһɲǣһһȣһȭȥȻֻһ΢ŵ죬һȭͷֱӹᴩһѪ꣬һüģ
һޱȶݣһУȴ·ˣҲʱ䷨ԭһĸܵһζ˷
ٿ
ѤõĹüĴһͷ­
ĿĵѪһɴ˫ۣǲźͲ֮ɫ
㡭ǡ¶
һ죬ԺѾȫŤˡ
Ľܷѩָ㣬һȻһȫһѪıԴѪͱĽܷѩôȡ˳
ಣ
һϵֽɳҲϣһɨһöָƷϼ֪ͣжԴһŵӵֽ䣡


1066 ˲
ûüֽ̽ʲôһȫѪĽܷѩ֮һöѪ顣
֮Ѫһգ޷ᴿˣѪͻѪںΪһѪ⣬ƫ已ֱ̥ͬѪ޷ᴿˡ
յѪͬΪؾħǴ幹ɣӰ쵽ѪƷʣͬѪ
ʵѪ֮ҲܱգѪôѪҲһΪߵѪ֮
Ѫ˵һʹõĶҲ֮У޼Ѫ֮Ϳѭã޾ˡ
ˣһЩΪʮָߣӵѪŵӣǵľѪ൱ģ̺ޱԴ֮ӵнڸߵѪЧ
統ʥȡ߷Ѫǹʱ򣬾͵õϹǰһ˿Դ֮ȻԶԶȲǰѪŨ̶ȣԵͽ׵˵ȴǳ
һӵѪľѪĽܷѩҲ˳ˡ
һžѪһöʺѪ飬ϡ
Ѿǣ֮лʣһ裬µѪ裬һ룬öѪļֵ֪˶ٱǴյöѪ飬һϹѪֻһ˷˾ųɾŵ֮ѪҪһЩƷʲһЩѪףղЧõǲ֮ǣ̺֮ŲϢ⾳ԼǿĻָ
һϵѪצζǿķצζĹӵвͬķԣһֿհǺõġ
֪һֽ֮С
һ̽飬̾һȻҲǳϹĴ壬ܿϼ塢ϼ֣ڱΪ뢵ĳ壬Ϲ屾ͱϹŷʮ࣬ĳͷ壬ҲӦñȻϼ塢ϼ̸
һĲʯоǧʯõһʯ󡢴߶ۡ߶޴ķҪʯԪ̫ԣĵطҲҪʯҵһˣȻҲƣ˵ʯûж١
ʯ֮⣬дʥҩЩʥĶƷʥ⣬Ʒʥϴŵģܹ
ЩƷʥУһȭףһ£һ¯һһ˫Ьӡ
һսʽǺټȻȭһϹĵӶǹģ绢ǹǹȷʵܽϹĹӵ¡
һҲӦϵѪйأӲȭҲ
ĵӾǸԣһȫµװǼƷʥǼƷʥĶɫӽͨʥĴڣ
ЩʥУصľǼƷʥ£ǼƷʥ¯
۱£˲춦üһϾȻϹѹʳϵıԴ֮ӳ֣Ʒ˿ڷѪǹ
ԭķµ¯Ǵӻ׹Ӯͨɫܸһȡº͵¯պķҩࡣ
˵ҩΪһʱûвˣоѾڵʵˣĽܷѩѹҩӦܰԼٵæ
ǼƷʥȻƷԲһ㣬ϾǼƷʥƷļƷʥټһЩ
šҪǷ־Ĺ̽һóĽۡ
һ˵ƷıЧҪº͵¯Ҫܶ࣬ǵļֵȴҪһЩҪǴ첻ס
ʥ֮⣬һŵĵҩҲһһˡⶾĵҩ
ţǡ
һµľ֮óһö۴СĵҩⵤҩͨҩޱŨ֪Ϲľתһԭöھʣһöˡ
Ľܷѩһ˵һö˵ĺõ¾Чã˴һ֮ڻָ˾ųɵս
Ŷ
΢΢һĽܷѩ϶ĺҩЧ֪ˡ
ҩʥͳͳպãʱͻȻ֣һֽ֮кüʬ壬ǵţȻϹĵӣȻϡ
ɲΪܹڹؼʱɱԼŵӵһİʬôĿǣһЩ˵ʬ׼ؼʱ̳ȡǵľѪս
һĺɱΪ츣ˣ
Ȼһôʬ壬ҲЩ˵ֽһԵȫˡ
һ£ֶڶʥҩһ˺üƿѪ
֣ЩϹֽж˲ѪͨѪҲһЩƷʼߵѪһ޼ĵӲ洢ѪѪԼˣһؾپ޴ΣգһԼˣôѪڣԼѸֻĻԵҪͻ񺣺ڣͻƵʱѪҲԼͻƵĸס
׼ѪӦЩͻȴװױ
ǣһıԴѪЩѪǿ¶Թ飬ѪϹŷкܴĺôѪҲһ˵κӡǣ¶Ҳصġ
λĺô¶Լ͵õ˼ɺʵе㱯ߣ˵Ľܷѩ־ԼʱҲǽ¶壬˵¶ҲǰСæЩ˽ָѪǱˡ
ˣóȥˡ
һдãħռͳͳħռ䣬ⲻҪ鷳
ʱĽܷѩҲͨһħռ֮УѾߴνħռˣû뵽½롣
ħռ֮ʱ˿ħռڲǳһ貵ļƬ֮⣬һɫڱߣһΣЩȴѾɢڻľȻǿա
ħռֱͬһǰˡ
ипһĿԼǰɸߵǾƯţϵɢһɺƴʥϢʣµѪ󲿷ֱĽܷѩˣǿָܻʶ
ǱĹȴһҲûм٣˵ǱҪѪֱӸʣΪպǴ¼ʵĻ
ʱĽܷѩϻһư׹⣬ȴĽܷѩ뿪¶塣
ĽܷѩվǰȻɡ
һྻİ£ȹˮһüë䣬ǣ޳׿Լǲ٣ΧĿռޱںϣ˫Ŀ̺֮˺Ǻӣ³ʥζϵӣֻվһռ·Ϊྻ
Ľܷѩıգһ¶޷ʥͿ֮
΢΢һʵеĽܷѩģҪö࣬𺳵öࡣ


1067 ؾ
¶еļ䣬ѾҶĨˣڿԳȥˣ˸壬ҵսͣպҪ࿿Լˡ
Ľܷѩ˵귽棬Ƕ֣Ĩߵļ䣬ֻóȻߵ壬ǵһЩˣĽܷѩУͲ
ţ֪ˡҲûһֱĽܷѩս̵ĻԼ
ˣĺɿռ䣬պһ׸սʹ似ʱ򣬽׹ӿȴܹסۼɿռˣϳοɿռ֮٣𼶱ģУҲֻʸĴԪײβ
Ľܷѩһ˵дϲɿռȷʵͷ۲ѣһսܴһҪ̺ɿռ䣬һ棬ȴºɿռ䱻ʶǷ˿ΣˣϾֶϵ̫
˶սʱ򣬺ɿռܲãһغɿռٺòˣպԼͲηηβˡ
뿪ؾǵҽأѡһ·һ棬оѹһɣ˳һҲɳ
ˣ˵ض飡
гϲãʱоǰ¶ƤһĻָʶ

¶ԼĶͷоͷЩʹ
ţ¶֮һ΢΢üƺŬʲô֮ǰʮؾħϼУַʲôԼȴǵˡ
ˣ֮ǰһΪؾħҵĽָˣռУؾħĹˡ
˴ǣһμ仹ĽܷѩαͰʾĳɷ֣Ȼһ˵¶ӡ
ϼ䣬Ѿħռ֮Уڴŵֻһöֽͨ䡣
Բ𡭡鷳ˡ
¶ŷЩǱദ𣬶ĲСȻһս
뵽ԼѾʮؾħֳԵʣˣ¶кܸмͬʱҲЩΣʲôûֻ׸ʱϼ飬ҪԼĻǻôࡣ
лл㡭
¶˵ҡҡͷûʲô
ˣؾرûʣʱˣҿûԵɣ֮׼ȥˡ
ţá¶ĬĬ˵
õ֮󣬽־˼̽գջС֮ǰõĺɺ
˳ؾʱˡÿؾֻܴ֮ʮ˸ʱʱ䣬֮ͻᱻȺͳȥ

Ϲ磬ؾڵ֮ϣһƼЩ˵УвĴĳϣ̫ϳϡ
ЩӭԼŵӻȥġ
һ˵ĴĵӽһؾջʱõһЩʥҪĵĶȻгӰȫˡ
ϹŷⷽϯĳϺȻǻʯ
ⲻǻôô󱲵ӵȻͷԶˣϹһһЦе˵ţһҲ̫ϳϼǿʥˡ
ʯ̧Ƥһۣκ󱲵һϷ⣬˳ˣƽ²Ҳô
ٺ٣˵ǵɣ˵ˣǧնսսƣƺܲϧΪ˵㣬ؾ֮ЩΣأҵҪܵõʲôԵ
ƽӳؾΣգʯЩˣƽƽʱͲҲ飬ӪͬȻоˣοʯǱƢܸƽദʵڲࡣߣ磬վҲĻô䣡
ˣܽؾĸǾţÿζ֮£ҽϼСеĵһŽ죬һνؾҲǾˡƽһ˵һЦԼĺӣʱеɫ
졭ʯһ㶣һƺϹŶһĽУͻȻ˵ûעϾĴ޼壬ÿʮʮ궼ỻһӣʯҲÿ˶ע
λǵſнСһˣ֪ڼ
ʯƽʮֵ⣬ν»ˣһβμһұ񡣡
һʯüͷһҲνһˣĺǺܸߵģϾϹӻ̫


1068 
ʯƽ̸ţʱؾϹŴҵĲһˮһĲƲӴʱڵˡ
ʱˣ֪νȥĵܹõʲôƽ΢Ц˵ҲЩڴһؾĵʲᳬһɣջҲǱҪϾĴӻһһĳ֣һЩȻζž޴ʧӰˣοҲųɳ뾭Ĺ̡
ˮƲԽԽңĴĵһӳˣЩˣȴǸ̬ήңЩϻˣԺǱ
ţ
ʯüһֲԤУƽҲվؾзʲô䣿
Ϲĵӱʯһʣһһۣ֪ô˵ˡ
ˣ˼
ƽڵг϶վüͷȻǳ˴£򲻿ܰôӶȥ
˿ܽʮӰɣҲϹµ˵Ҳ񺣵ӣϹСӵĸӳȻ˵һΪӳܵҪ𷣣֮ǰһһͷɫ¾ûٳˣûлѾ׶༪ˡ
ҲǼӳе
ʮ
ƽ´ʧɫǴ¼ʯҲǽһ˫۾ȺѰͻӰΪޣô£ܻܲ
׷ʲô£ƽ¼еʵ
ǡɽ٣Ǹʵ̫ǿеΧûܳɹɱʧأʧɵӡʮЩ˵Ҳһӳ˷۱ʵڹ˵ģ֤˾ߵܡ
ʲôɵӣأʲôˣڸôĵرӣȻôƵ
ƽܻ˵˵ĽȻһûһ£ϾһʵĴеӵжλеһ˭ûֵ
һһˡʮɫѿ㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˵ˡ
ƽпһ£һǽϼǧĵһţҲϹɫĵӣȻƽ¸ղһùѪͷһĳ£ʧ
˺ʮûشһâʮӱ˳
ʯ۾һɨͬʱͻ֮⣬Ȼ¶һã
ŻͺãŻͺãʯĶЩʪˣʱҲջˣܻžջ
ƽ£۾һɨûзһӰɫ׳Ϣ֮ǵļӱͳʱ򣬴ĲƲȥ֤ѾûеҪͨˡ
Ҳ˵һˣ
ϹһῡܣδвСϣΪʥŵӣΪǴﵽڣʵھȫౣֶΣȻؾ䣡
飬ǽ궼ûˣ
˭ɱһ𣿡
ƽ˫΢죬ʵͬʱĿ⻷ȫͬһֻҰһ㣬һȻĶ֣ҲܣϾôӳˣѵǱʹӣûӵ
һţӭϽƽѪĿʱҲɫ糣ؾɱˣʵںҵ֤ݣҲʲôһЩܵ׷ֵӡǣҲĽܷѩԶžֻҪҧԼ޹ؾ´ˡ
ʯ֪һ£Ӿ㲻ֻҲƽ¼䣬ϹŷҲôӣҲû˼ˣֻǵҡҡͷתλӵǶõʲô
ڵӷ׷װؾѰҳĶøʯ¶Ҳó˺ɺЩļֵؾĵʯ
šҲջɡʯۣܻţͺ֪ˡ
֮ΪߵƽҵһЩֵܲһݣһɳݣֵߣʥйЧ
˵ؾѾ֪ûˣǰаݣҲÿήˣƽҵȴľĳһĺúõġ
ƽջȻõ˻ʯһЩִ»ĳޣǵĵλҪͽƽϾƽעϹŷδʵȨ
ȴɫĮƽҲʲô࣬ϹŷӱΪؾħΧʱ˶ѣһܡ
ɣǷط塣ʯ̾һȻʧأ֮·ˣҲûʲôø˵ġ
ʱԪ˵ʦ𣬵ʱطˣһ¡
Ǽù⣬һƴḶ́Ȼգǻʯڵ֪ԼֽҪۺĶʱܱܲڵ״̬˵ˣ׸ʱסοԼѹǻϼĵϵӵܡ
ţʯ΢΢üϹŷĵӵҲȴĺʱ򣬡񺣶֪ĸж٣ڳȥһСı˶ˣһڵͨ߶ɱ㣡˵ˣǳɵʱһϼ壬ܹṩԴʥһһ£ǽͯŮŵԣ¶Ҳĺ£
ʯ˵۾Ƴһߵ¶ͫһ˿ɲЦ⣬ЦϸȴеΪϲ𣬲ζ
¶һ£һʼûɶоͻȻ뵽ʲôʱɴһ˫ŵĿʯѵ
νͯŮŵԣƺ񡭡Լɣ
ϹŷŷѪŮӵҲмǳԼ֮⣬ĴѾ곤ѾˣȻʺģټϸղŻʯ¶Ѿоųɰգⶨ׶Լˣ
ʶһ㣬¶ﲻ֪ɶо˵ŷѪŮȡԪԼѪ֮ӰģϾԪͬѪҺ˫޵ںӵĲѪܲӰ죿
¶ǷĲʥˣɲԼѪ֮ϡͣڣ޸Ļƺ
¶һǵȳоҲ̫˽ܵ鰡
͵͵ĿһȴѹûȤ֪νĶǸ˭Ȼûж룬ɿŻʯһ˵ȷʵʦȫ


1069 ħ
СӡΪʲôҪֳȥʯʮ棬ûټ֪£ȻԼɣûаյ£ܵս׹㣬ǺȥŷﾫѪˡ
΢΢ԥʵ˵һɲѣԼڤڤ˵ĸӦֶ翣ɹᵽ棬˭Ҳ˵֤ʲô
ûڣʯͰڰ֣˵ˣԼԼʲôˣľ
лʦȫֵˣܣȻԸһЩƭʯ
ߣ¶Ҳһ뿪ʯϼĻҲѵѡһЩССøеһµԡ
˾ۣϹŷȥ;ʱ뿪ʱʯʯ֮⣬һ齢Խռ䡣
ҲѪ¶ЩѪװһöֽ֮УֻǸ¶¶֮ʱżȻõĻԵָ¶һЩҪй¶ȥ
ֱߺ¶ֽ䣬ŵ֪оȻһǧѪивѪƷʼߣȫˣû뵽Ķֵ֮ߡ
õôѪؾҵһѪѪô¶ţָܹôѪԼõظˡ
ѵĻԵҵõѪѪһȣЩѪ¶Ŵ޾պǶɫȻĵĳ
¶û뵽һ뿪֮ã֮ʱ¶Ѿɾˡ

ã޾֮Уһҵɫ齢Ѹٴţ齢󣬻ɫǿںΪһټ齢沼õ󷨣Ǹø֪ϸ̽飬̽鲻
齢ˣȻˡ
ʱ齢룬о󣬡С齢һǼоҪķʮʯĵʯ̫ˡ֮⣬ǴĴ磬Ҫõģĵʯ࣬һߣܽǼС
ʯĻ٣Ҫ߶ַرһʥؼĹÿ궼ҪĺʯάʯõĶԴ
һ翵Ľܷѩߣ֮ǰħ֮У˭̽鲻Ĵڡ
ĽһЩкܾˣ֪ɷһʣ
ʰɡĽܷѩ˵
΢΢һ£ʵĽ֪ħʲôʲôı˴洢Ƭ֮⻹ʲôãΪʲôô˵᣿
ĽܷѩҡͷħʲôҲ֪Ҳһ޷ĴµᾧӵзȻҵʵѲ˵ƿˡ
ꣿǹı𵱳пһĻĽܷѩ벽ʵ˲ɱһǿߣкܶڣʥͬʱش˳ڤӣ˵ħ깥ǿˡ
ĽܷѩֻħһЧһĹЧǾǡ֮󣬻ֱϴȥһ˵ӡü֮ȫӵб˵ļ䣬似ܡ󷨵ȵȣҲ˵ܹȫʹħһѧˣɱħ꣬ϴȥӡɵӵһ䣬һ㶼
Ľܷѩħǿ
Ҫ֪ѧ磬һĸ
Կ̴еֻнʮ־ͨˣѴʱܿƣҲ͵ԽǾĴԽΪܽɵ̫̫٣ܶǹ±
һӾ㿴öȫУҲûȥƣɱѻѻ꣬ѵҲֻһЩȱȫƬζѣܰȫ׹
Ҳ˵һŵĴֻҪס˴򣬾ͻѴй¶ȥ
ͬҩˡ
Ҫȫõһ˹ڹȸܵļ飬ôֻһְ취ǾֱںϵԷꡣ
бȻоӡһɣӡ˴ںϣǾͻʧҡ
ӡÿһҪĨȥӡǵҲ򵥣־սͿɱǱȻƻꡣ
ԣӡͺñÿһļϸ˿ɵĴҪЩϸ˿ȴ˺ҲǲܡĨȥӡǵʱ򣬾ӡͬʱҲܲסվǳױ飬һƬޡ
ħͲͬˣӡնԷļ;飬ܶǸܡ
ĽܷѩĻû⣬ùˣǰյļƬƷһ㣬ֻܱգչԼƿħÿɱһŵӣɶԷļ䣬ɸѡõĶô͵ŰһȥԽԽֲԺɵϢҲԽԽ࣬
̲סʵĽħǴ˵һĶɣôܷʥ֮Уܷʥƺֻǡ
Ľܷѩ΢΢һЦ˵ܷʥزӵħɣʵܷʥأҲǽʥأʥ֮Ϊߵүүǻҵĳڤүү״ӣħʼүүһؾ֮żȻõģʱʲôүүҲܱҲ֪ħȻܱúúõġ
үүʱֻǾôϢ㿪ʼǱооһЩϧٺһЩҲ䣬Ҳүүͼħʲôܣ꣬Ҳүү޵ˣ֮үүһʱ˷ǳصˣʵǿߵܵ޷ȻָشֲǳѣҪĵرͱһĶⶫڽʥأҲŪүүٳٲ
ǡʱڤͻ˽ʵǣ츳ߣҰҲ֮ǰϤһħܣȻ͵Ϯүүͼħһսǵ͹үүʵүүΪ꣬ޱȣСĴ۴ڤӣֻϧүүϼˣˡ
˵Ľܷѩһ˿֮ɫлȻ򣬹ֲĽܷѩôڤӣԭǸǣܷʥصϯӣܷʥأˣȷʵ
Ľܷѩħϣܷʥȴˣһ˱ңڤӶȥڤʥأٺ飬Ҳ֪ˡ


1070 
ѣ
ƤһڤӾȻĽܷѩүү󣬽ܷʥصһȥǿľӪѾãзġ
еʵں˵壬ڤȻĽܷѩүү״ӣʱƣķܿ¶һЩҰģһĽܷѩүүоˣڤַĽܷѩүүôìܾͲɻˡ
ڤӵʵ͵λ£һЩȻڻ£ĽܷѩȻ츳ˣ̫СˣϽִ֣Խʥؼܷʥأôˣɱ̾
ͨĽܷѩҲڤӴһЩģ˶Ȼ츳ߣ壬ĺδĿĲֶΣǵ߸һʥصȻһΪץ׼ʱҲһܹɵġ
ˣȥˣǳҪǣǹ躬̫̫һ߸Ͳһ̽ȥһõ֮Ҳúܳһʱ䣬յ
ʵ˵һ֮ǰҲ˺ܳʱ䣬һ裬յЩͬȻҲ׼һЩ蹩֮ʹõԭ
Ľܷѩ˵ﻰһתֵȴҪһյյ裬ǣҪйأΪۿҪһɣ۵Խ࣬ĺôԽ󣬷֮Чۿۡ㷨˫ޣļͳ̶Զʤڳˣ㲻һյе裬ķ˫ǰˣ
ĽܷѩĮЩ˵ôԴӵõħ֮һ·ʱڵصţ˲֪ĽܷѩȴҪϸզ࣬оԼҲֻܴﵽҪҪɲס
Ҳ֮УĽܷѩɳɾͽͬѡ˷˫ޣ츳ߵòҪԼı׼Ҫ
Ҹطǣ֮һ㿪ܷʥصһЩԴزأܷʥѵʱҲǳ׵ķֱһЩ֣ҲүүĲãڤҲ֪үүʱ򣬽һнҹùôŴƸȥЩӦҲչˡڱѾȫܷʥضϵ类ڤӽˡ
Ե֮οܷʥĽʥأʥڶʢʱڻѴԴԼһЩ·֡
ԥһ£ʵùÿôһ
ţ
Ľܷѩܿ϶ĵͷҸĸùö˵ǳүү֮׵ˡ
ãǾȥùãԸһ˳
ºһƬǿ֮УһŲ۵ǣǾƬ粻֪Զֱֻʮһ֮УС̫ˡ
ʱСǵĵȴһոտٳܶⶴΧзǳηǿ߶Կơ
ˣɣ֮ǰ̽ûвǵߣټҵ󷨣ûҵӦúܰȫ
һҪ񺣾ǿ߲֪ܳôģΪ侳ǿ߷ǳ࣬츳̫õߣҲ޵侳ţڵʱһǿߣҲ군
ҲǻʯԸԭ򣬲Ľܷѩڣһжˡ
á
һʯϣȡϼ䣬ֱӽУϼǸ߸֮ԣһźںɫĵ飬ֻи뵰С⻬һ㣬ڵ棬һǵ辫۵ģȻֻбһ㣬̺ĽܷѩʩչĿռ䷨辫ѹռ֮Уǳֲ
һûжǣֻö飬ʮıԴԼǵ辫Ľ壬һ֣辫ǽҪۺֵĶ
֣оƺкһ㣬ǻŵģз·һС
֮ǰѾչһЩѪһıԴ֮ЩĸиӦ̣ˡ
öҩֱ˿Уһ̣оԼһСڴܶ
Ѫ裬ǵĲǲ֪˶꣬µѪ裬Ȼ
Ϲ壬̫ŲԾϢָǿò²µҲܱ
壬ʱеһɱŰԼľ硢ѪѨ֮Уͻֱ壡
ԤϣϾһյ̫ˣּǿ֮󣬱ȻıͬḶ́ʹĹ̡
оԽԽȣ·ȵĹ¯ȻȶԶԶȲʮ˲ڰ˲㣬ڻ֮У֮ûԶ壬ԪķΧ֮ڣ¶Ȳߡ
ȴȫͬǴڷģ
ߵֱӳܸµô˫Ҳˣȫʼ˼άΪȵȶóٶۣܿ죬·ʼȼһչˣֻʣһļƷʥ۱¡
ڴڵĺţÿ³һ³һڻһȫѨҲſһƵɫѨ籡ž˵
Ѩ֮ʧЩɢĵɫѪ֮Ľܷѩһ˵ӵħҲ˲ƬʶǷָЧúܶࡣ
Ѩ
סʹǿеٶ۵ĸ֪ȫѨգһգʱоԼ·ҪըŰ˺ȫѪܣ˫ޣޱȼͣҲܲס
ۣ
ȫദѪ飬ƤֱѣɺѪ
Ƥѵʹڶ˵Ѿʲôˣʹ໹գҪ־ĥ£ޱȣսִﵽ˻ƽ𼶣ڿ¶Ҫ־ˡ
ҪѪǷѪɵʱѾ壬Ҳֻ已̥õѪ⻹ԭѪ⣬㲻̥ǣֻ죬շ˾ѪȻޱ󣬵ֻһΣ̫ˣ裬̥ǣ軻Ѫ
ȫѪҺȪһð˴ĿĵĳĽܷѩȴɫ糣򶨵ĽĹЧ
ʵʱһ˿һ״̬Ľܷѩĸ֪֮£ƿ֮УֻҪһ쳣ѸٵӦ֤Σա


1071 ɰ
ʱһţ˰ʱļ尾ʹֱ࣬޷ݣоԼѪһһĥȥѪ֮еľȻ֮лϵ壬ֱӱջʹ
ʱѾʼЧˣһУʼչֳǿĻָ
һЩѵľ˺ѵĽĤʼϣϵʱеȫ˿ڻδãֻᱻ˺ѿʹĸоȥ
ʱȫѪͺһ𣬵ѾһƬɺ죬ʧȥڰ˳ɵѪҺһòˣߣʧȥôѪҲӰ쵽Դʱ裬ЩѾ뵽Ĺ֮УʼȡѪĹܣѪѾǷѪǽѪѪҺ
ϴ軻ѪѪѪ
һ˵̺Ϲڷŵ֮ѪбʵĲ֮ͬѪֻ֮еѪҺֲ壬ҪûǸѪȲ裬ĸ裬ı䣬͵ѪĸԴˣѪҺѪ
Ľܷѩһֱߣκα仯ָƣзѪŷѪһʱĽܷѩ֣һӡЩѪڡ
ν飬յԭķѪûκγͻһʼںһ໥ٽĽܷѩĸ֪֮УܿѾ׵̥ǣѪбӿѪҺڷ⣬ȡһѪڰ֮УͿĿѪҺзɫͬҹһ㡣
һĽܷѩ֪̥ǳˣҲһʱʱ䣬֪עÿһ缡֮Уһ˿һ仯ɡ
һ˲õĻԵܷ꣬ʥҪһ裬үүƣֻҪȥұͻƽʱһ˳µĽܷʥʥλãԳΪһλҲܷʥطֱˡ
Ľܷѩ΢΢̾ϢĻԵȻУȴӵˣȥ۵ԽԽ࣬ĳɾҪˡ
ʱѾ˻ԣȷе˵ǻԣߣԺвٴڰʶȫ£ÿһϸ״̬״̬£ڵĤڷ췭ظı仯
ϸεı仯ΪѪѪҺЯϸԴȪѪ÷ѪЧȻһ
ģϸܣ˴֮ĽҲι̣ÿһⵥȡܳܰ
ı仯һ棬ϵָ׶ˣ󳤳µָףָ׾Өʻһ㣬
֮ЩľѾڻˣһϴ軻ѪǧٴЩ˿壬ұ֮£ڻ޸һʱͻ᳹׸ԭ
ʱͻΧԪͻȻӿڵͣԭѾȫϵƤͻȻʼѣһĿĵƳ֣ƤⷭѪ
ľѪܿʼ飬ӿ·Ҫըһ㡣
ͻ䣬Ľܷѩüͷһ壬ȴţȻʱɰɣšԭ֮ǰһֱѹΪ
ʵܶɰˣһֱѹԼʵҪķڶɾɵʱ򣬳ܸϴ񣬻øĺôڣߣ֮вһ˿һʶѹƲסڵ㿪ʼȻȻĶɰˣ¡
ۿϼԭոɾĽܷѩһʮӡڣڵзӡ
Ľܷѩʱ򣬽ȫıԴ˵֮УڵƳһƵĲ
µ飬һʼֻ裬ԴӡĺúõģҲǿĳôѾǼޣıԴǱɡ
Ѿȫͬ裬Ҫɰɣǽⵤʱ
һԵȥڶԵؾıԴ֮ȴΪɰˡ
ؾ࣬ϱʵǿ˸ȥʵֲĶ֣Դ̺ؾⷨ򣬿Ժ̶ֲܴĿհס
ʵϣؾԶĻҪȫԱΪһ棬ǧ磬ʮ½λ淨ͬ棬̺İأʱգؾֻһˡ
䣡
ӡһ˲ųһĹâؾױ塣
һ˲Ҳ峹׵ѽ⿪Ѫ֣
һ̣ʽʼɣ
ܴ½ʱ򣬰ڴСԴ۽ޣɱʷһ̣Ҳ̤˰ɡ
âԽԽʢƤࡢ⡢ĤȫѽӣҲ鿪ڶѣѽ⡣
߰˾ɣҪ壬ͬʱѽ꣬Ƕ߾ĳ飬νƶˡ
ԭɰɲκΣգǷ˫ޣ弫ΪͣɰȴҪ
ʵıԴ֮ӳ֣ټĽܷѩĸҲûʲô⣬һ㷨˫޵ߣɵʱȴһżÿһضɵļΪѣ츳ԴԵģֱӾͱɿˡ
Ϊֹİ˴ɣӵһοʼһβǺķѸĵرۼѵõĻԵ߻֮ųɹģһ㣬ôѡ˫޵ʱȴˣϾ˵ľޣʱ䷨˫ޣһ·ƾɵʱܸķϴ塣
ȫѪγɵ֮УʶȻģȴܸܵΧĺһȫͬ˲ͬķ֮Ҳؾ
ؾؾĺ֮Уʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ã飬ȴʱ䣬ȴҡ
ڼ䣬Ľܷѩһֱߣһһʱɳ©ѾʮȥˣİҲڽӽβ
ɣ൱ĻҲĳףΪؾԭ˵ϴ
ʱ忪ʼۣ֮ܶϣһ죬ԪԲԪ׷ӿ۶γһ޴У
һƬŻɣɰ۵Ԫƣ
ɰɣ˿⣬ٴγֳԪƵ


1072 Էâ
ܵԪƵĳ֣Ľܷѩһ֮ǰȻ󷨣Ҳ˶Ԫ궯صסãϲûʲôˣֻҪǿߣĽܷѩɱ
ԪԽԽ󣬴ʮһֱʮ
ɣ
Ľܷѩ֪֮ԪҲ΢΢ݣԪǾͲʲôǰɾԪƣͻƾɵʱԪƵҪˡ
ʱѪӻһϼ䣬ֱӳ˸߿յԪУɫ䣬ӿ
ԪΪͬʱ̺ؾͺɷ򣬶ֳɫ콻龰һ߶ɾԪƴвͬ
ԪгܷϴҲҪ̵ʱ䣬Ľܷѩ䵽ܣΧı仯һкڵǿߣԸİɣɶɲҲðա
Ȼָ΢΢ʱپԱܣ¶ʯ֮⣬֪Ѿ뿪Ϲŷ壬һ·齢ʩչǬŲƣѾһ磬ѡһΪܵ͵¶ǿߣֻ˵̫̫ˡ
ţˡ
ĽܷѩתͷһǸǧ֮һ죬⵺֮һᣬŵôкĵĴУһȺ֯ɢ֯
νĴҲֻ˵ʵʵҲ͸ܴ½ľŶˣȻʥڶ࣬СšСĿǿֲȴеˮζࡣߣСţϹŷִһҲû٣ѵһ
ʲôһ񺣳ڵ߷ԶԪ춯Լ˸ĺɫâ
ĵر󣿻ǵ伮ϼصĶɾɵ󣿡
Ǿɣ伮صĲͬ˵ôöɵģƬ½ѾǧûˣҿǿҵԪ챦ǵĻԵˣȥ
ĽܷѩѡĶԪԣĵطչкܴĺôԪԣĵطҲšܼǿ߾ҵĵط
ʵȷʵĵرڶ࣬ҲƼˡ
ɰɽԪӴ󣬺ܿͱ߷ˣ½½˸
Щ˵УʮߣߣмڳСҲǵ;ռ˴С֮С
ţ
Ǳγɵô

Щ߸֮ǰĽܷѩѾ־ͶӰΧĿռ䣬ǲܿҲ޷֪̽־ͶӰеĽܷѩ˵谭һȺ˺ɣʱڽӽβԪƿʼ
ġ⡢ࡢĤȺγɣƤëڵѪӣ꣬Ķ෬ƬӡѪ֮С
İڶɳɡ
Ȼ˫ۣĿ磬裬ÿһŴԪɵɣȻֻһС磬ʵȴͻͽԶһСݵġ
ϻͬǰɵĳսƣȫѹ
Ľܷѩѵ˵һ͵Ĵֵ˲ˣȥһ°ɡ
˵꣬ĽܷѩջԼ־ͶӰûħ
һߵİΧ
Щ˵Уӵ˶񺣺ڣǿһѾӽ侳һɫƷʥףǿ׳
ڼ״󺺿һΪһ⣬ȫɱţϣͼԼĵȼѹ־壬Сӣֻһĸģ
ÿĹвİŶ࣬߶Ľ壬ǾۼһҪΪ˽ŷپ֯̽ѰؾżҲְһǿʵϣܶᶼǿŻ֮ϴײŽɵġ
ڼ״󺺲ŲΪǱģɾͽǼеģɵƣĸʵӣ̻
ģǵҵ㻰ˡĬڼ״󺺵ļŭˣһȺˣڵʮڣɱŵĶԸһɣԷȻû̹ģŵƨǺܲˬ
Ҫ֪ǿǳŵѪӣսĸ֣Ǵ￴һǳҵӣЩ˵񣬵ȴһ䣬ꡣ
٣׳գҹƱˣȥĻ꣬ѱ
һ񺣳ڵĺӲˬ˵ǵ˳ᳵ·
˵־Ͷ֣Ϊʵ᲻𾯽֮ģȻҪ֣ȴȳˡ
Ѫǹûֻǲָָǹһǹâ̳˸û˿Ĺ켣ֻۡһ죬ǺֱӱüģԺһƬѪ꣬
һ˲䣬˶ˣǼûиоɱֻâһӾˡ
̫ˣЩɵǲ֡
СģСϲ֪ʲôԱпܾǸղŽԪһһ֣
ͻȻɱһˣڼ״Ҳо㵣ûлţʵһ飬һЩûŪ׵Ķˣ֤ʵԼɵδ棬˵ΪӽڣһɱӣҲ
ʮǿһ֣мɵҲУھţҲǴײˣôСط
ǿˣ⾳ôһȺں֮ڣҾеˡ
ʮǿߣĮʮָһ𵯳˲䷢˼ʮǹâǹâŨɫ̺Ϣ⾳һԪԻͨԪ
Щǿߣǵ츳Ļӣǿĺڼ״󺺣츳Ҳڲ֮䡣
ǵĻԪĹǰֱһûһ㣬׶
ۣ
Ѫʮǿһ˴룬ȫҲˣеǹâֱӶ˺üˣ
⡭ǡ
ְ
Ҵ߶˵Ϊ׵ĺڼ״󺺸ɫҰףȫˣǽʲôʥڹķԪɱУֻΪԪĲٿﵽһֲĵزɱʱԪû˿˷ѣ
ղɱûɢɱΪɱֶɱ־γɵһЩ΢Ķ֣ͱһ˲һֻϣǲᷢɱġҲ˵ǰ֮ǰĺӾϣֱڣһЩ񺣺ڵߣ¶ɱ


1073 
ӣӰ
Ƿֿܣ
ˣҪɱңСһʱͿ۲ʶ̩ɽð˸ˣ
ЩͼɱԽǿͣŵƨʮǿ߰һ˲䱻ɱһ룬ʵѾǵⷶΧˡǱİᣬǿ󣬱˿ʼͶˡ
ۼȺ˶ĵЦһɱ˾ɱˣɱ˵ʱ͹ģĺ£ɱԽ֮ǰҪľ򡣡
ͣ
ǹ߰˸߱˲
ƴˣ
Щۿûл·ҪƴȻֻǵһӣǹâɨЩȫ촦
ɱЩʱһЩɺڵѾӵʮ￪ˣûǣֱ׷˺ڼ״󺺡
ڼ״һȺΨһ񺣺۷壬ǰɣȻصա
ûָǹ˷Ѫǹ
ŰپʮöѪСǹ·ɣγѪɫ籩
׷磡
ٶһ˲ﵽ£Ѫǹֱ̺ڼ״󺺵ĺġ
ڼ״󺺷һȻתԼƷʥݴ󵶿֪ԼĶ֣óֻصʽֻҪȻᷴն壡
ʵԼǼΪѡ񣬿ϧ
ڷѪǹݴ󵶽һ˲䣬֮ս鱬־ͶӰ
ǣ
ڼ״ֻоһݴһ˲侹ǿһĴϣٶ
ͬʱķѪǹȻ٣ֶںսļӳ£ļХֱӶ˺ڼ״󺺵Ŀڣ

飬ѪӺڼ״ǰͨ͸Ѫֱһ̣Լôһ˲䱻һɵնɱ
ơƽս飿㡭ߣ
֮ʱڼ״ɢ˵仰ȴҲûϢ
ѪǹΪٶ̫죬ǹ֮ϸûմһ˿Ѫһս֮ЩѵļɡСǣûԼֻǰɵΪȻΪʵ
ɱ˲գ۵ĶħղΧмʮˣ˶¶ɱ⣬ЩѰδɱԽĿĵߣŹˡ
˵ΪŹЩ˶й¶Լ٣ʲôģȴǲܵ飬̫ˣÿʱÿ̶ڷ飬κ鱨֯Ҫ鱨縲ǶǾԲܵģ
ολԶһ磬һ΢С£ܱ˹ע
뿪СеĿĵرǡ磡
ǧУ󣬵ȴ⣬Ϊ½ǧĽг
ƼĴ̻ᡢУÿʱỵ̈ĵر׳ȥгᣬǿ߶ջ
ȻΪģȻӵв޼۱Щù⣬ҲǮ˵Ļңǻʯʯ˻ʯһ⣬ĶǴһϹ϶ߵЩͬȻǸͣȥᣬǾǿЦĻˡ
˴εĿģΪѰܷʥص겼µһӣͬʱõĽܷѩµԴزأ

һƬһ޼ʵĺɫɳĮУÿһɰӶʺѪɳĮ֮ϣŰϺɰͬ˷죡
дһǿķֽ⡢ɱ֮籩֮Уᱻ÷ǣ
ƬѪɫɳĮ֮ϣͬǺɫģ
ɫ죬ѪɫƣƲۼһ𣬵ҪѪһ㣡
磬ܴ½磬ǿָʥħ½Ҳָ򣬶磬ǲ룬һָǡؾ
һżͬпռϱ磬Ҳǲ޾һ档
ؾҲֻؾеһѡ
ؾȻĿڶ࣬ӵͨؾȴֻռ˼ٵһ֣ؾҪôȫյģҪôȴΪ֪ġ
ʣһؾζŷԴΪЩؾޱȹϣܶؾʷҪĴ绹Ҫƾá
»ĵرƽʱ˼Ƹ۵֪
һƬɫɳĮڵؾڱ½Ϊؾ
ؾļͬƹܡ
ʱһƬɫɳĮ֮ϣȻһȺߣ߰˰ٵӣôˣȺɢںɫɳ֮ϣӸ߿տȥͬһȺһ㡣
ЩߵΪڣʣµڣЩǿߵΪҲڣֻȼ񺣳ڡ
ЩһȺ˶ɳĮѰʲôһ֣͵طһڳһЩͬһĺɫ壬ʱ򣬻ڳСε޹ǣҩֲȻЩؾвɼԴЩȻҲ뵽ɼ֮УǸҪĹȴǸ𾯽䡣
Ƕңĵӡ
Ҷ㣬мʱǾͻᱻؾԶͳȥҪһʱɼһЩԴǽһεĳɱɲͣڳ֮Уͷ˵Ϊ۷壬ֻһͻ񺣺ڡ
ǣӦȻźܸߡ
ܣʱΣգСĶϻɽЩһǣҪʱ̱ժӡ
İɴʦ֣˭ժӣɱƨ񺣵̸Ц˵ʵϿóǺܾ裬Ҳܽţֳôɣ
˵Դؾ֮УƸ񣬶֪жپţؾ֮䣡
Ǹӻ䣬ͻȻΪ׵ɫ΢䣬̧ͷԶԶգ޾Ѫɰ䣬һȺɵӰ
ЩڵɱȻ߲ƣ
ҲһĻɫ䡣
ϻɽ壡Ŀʮˣ
죬ôô࣡
ңĵӶǸоؾ֮Уһ߽ۺܵͣһ߽ȴҪʯʮˣһˣ
Դġ
Фʦ֣ô죡߶ˣȻͬеٮٮߣҲԼĵˣĶɱ֪
ΪФʦֵһҧ˵֣ȻΪԴͶҲδطŹǣȫ֣ʣһʱǾͻᱻͳȥֵ󣬾ʤ
֣
ɱ
ңʮ񺣵ӣգһҵĴս֮չ

ˣˡ߸һƬɫĴ½֮ϣȥһƬçĵطһ򣬶½


1074 ң
磬ÿһ綼һ½Ϊ磬޷㣬ĺڣԪŨԴḻ˿Լ㣬ߵƽʵߣѧϰĴҲá
ƽҲϰ䣬ڷ˽оУ洦ɼ׽͹ڵߣ졢Ҳʼ
ڵĻãȻ࣬ҲӴ󣬵ʥؼĴţų硣
һƬ֮ϣȥ̲죬Ƿֲ죬ЩСһСֻзԲʮԲһƬ½
һȺ죬׼ʥؼңڡ
ңһԲ֮⣬ʮһϹŷֳʮơ
ңҪϹŷˣһǶʥأһֻ׼ʥء
ܴ½ŵȼ֣ʥǾƷţңǰƷ
Ҳ˵ңȵħܴ½ħ۹ħ۹ǿΪϣңǿΪϣϹŷ壬ǿֻܵηֹϡ
ʱһԱǧĸ֮ϣвɢɢ߾ۼһСĲʮ꣬ʹһʮ꣬Ϊͬжٮٮߡ
Ǿۼң֮ϣʯ·ʵǸɽţһ˷֮ɫЩ֮Уʱҵĳĳĳĳ磬ҵĳĳĳĳ̶ȡȻ̸˶˵üɫ裬Χżľ֮̾
Щӣ׼μңſ˵ġ
ңΪһţȻҪɵӣ壬ôֻбӣϹŷ塢ϹЩǽ֮䣬ֻҪѪģҲģʲô϶ܼ롣
ȺУһ꣬ŲæŲӣһɽ
ˡ
һ·ϣĽܷѩָͨ봫˴еĿĵءң
һ·Ϲ齢ģټϴ͵ķãͻ˼ʮʯԶУ治һ߳ܵġ
ң֮ɲΪԼҡڵ߽ңҪԴϾһʥؼŵĻۣ˵˾ˣ
ңĽܷѩĹùҲһ⣬Ľܷѩ˵Ĺùң̫ϳϣڹǰ
˵Ѱӣңͨ϶֪һ˴ڣҲ֮е飬ĽܷѩĹùҲܷʥʥŮڤһ֣˻ʦãڤӲܲʶ£ĽܷѩĹùõȻҪڹڳϣһڤӷ֣ôʥؼһңҪ˲䵴ƽˡ
ʵϣ֪Ľܷѩùôڵֻң߲ȼˣҪȻҪһۣڰɵΪҪңĳ϶ףң£µĻһų侳űסˣʱҪ֮ҪǲᱻӦʵġ
ֻܵ͵һ㣬ʵʵȻңһȻܽӴңĸ߲ˡ
λ̨Ҳɢ޳ʵɢ޵ĸװһɵ߶˵˵ӣҲɢޣ½һûдֵ֧ɢ޺޵߾硣
Щǰμң˵ˣΪ𼫴󣬵͵ֻ쾳ߵ߰ɣмﵽ˰벽񺣡
ֳЩǣЩ쾳ӣ붼ɷѣһı顣
ЩɵߣͷߣЩЩڵӽӴʱ򣬻¶һЩĽɫ
ΪЩڵӶӵеٮٮߣԲŻʮʱлңѰ󵽴ŵ֧֣ѧõĴУȻǰ;Զ
Щɣа벽񺣵ߣȴɢ޾Ӷ࣬ʱμӴſ˱ˢˣȥ쵽ˣײײϾܶȻԸʵ͵ĵӣЩԼ޵ˣҲнһãߵսǺܿɹ۵ġ
ʱϢǰɵΪȻҲΪɢˣ򲻿ôżţ̫ˡ
ЦЦķ˼䣬ûж˵󲿶һ·ߵɽ˱ͣɽ֮ǰ
ɨһۣ㷢мʶǣѭ⼸ʶ׷ȥȥ㷢ʶԴͷڵߣλھʮ֮ĵطø֪۲ǣͷ㡣
ʱˣ˿Կʼ˰ɣŵĵУɫƺ࣬˼ҵӣмɢ޻ۡ
šû취洫ηſһЩ׼ɵĵӣǰФʦؾбϮʮʦֵֻӻҸˣЩɼҩĵҲ࣬ںܶӶ̫ȥؾˣ벹һЩѪҺ
ߣЩСڷԴʱһ۾ӻ죬Ҫǳˣһôõ£߰ɣ飬Щûоϲ
⼸ڵ˵䣬ɽš
ৣ
Ӱ֮ǰǰЩһ
һˣΪϣкü˺ȻǾڣ
Щɢ޺ҵĵ˵񺣵൱ģ⼸Ǵŵӵı־ˣҪ֪ʱټһɹʮϹŷΪµУҲʮɶѡ׹㡢춼ǾбȽͨģڷɹеλߣ
ɹˣЩƷƷҾ͸˵ˣſ˵꣬ǧһ


1075 
ӭλο˵ߣհףǿԽҰʦ֣ҲȾˣҾͲ˵ϻˣȣʮ£ƷƼˣֱվˣͨˡ
Ƶ˵⻰һ˵ڵĵӶһۣϲ̵վ˳һŮʮͣȥһЩ
⼸Ϊڡڵӣǵļ壬ңӵֱңټӵʸȻ֪мƼŲ⣬رŴá
ĸǣڳӣɢ޶¶Ľɫᣬֺãּţǰ;̤侳ȫ⣬ôһϣԶܱȵġ
ֽĿתˣˣˣУ
˵תߣĬĬĸţһǾһƬ㳡νУˣп̨̨Χз󣬴ڷŲȭš
УԱߣһɫĹ׭صĻƣ֪ʲô
ԿʼˣǵĿݺܼ򵥣ǾǡսʤһߺľħĿܣ
ľħʲôЩɢ֣ȻͷһֲԤУǺľħʲôȴû
ٺ٣ľħǺؾеһԲбϲͽ˺࣬ؾңҪԴأңҩĲϣ൱һֳңĵӣؾ֮նɱĺľħʬ壬صڣɺľħܣ羫֪ƣʹѪɱսʱСĵ㣬ȻһȣʱҲ᲻ʱһСˣϱ۶ҲǼпܵģ
굹Żˣÿο˶еˣЩٶǲͷֵġ
ˣ߿ʼһһһǵΪŶӦʵĺľħܣսʤ߼һʱΪأʧܣ
㣬Уϣ
ָָߵһӣʱһӽɫĴŴˣһƬͻȻһ˫ɫ۾ͬһ
žһֲһһɶĺľħܳ˳ܣȫʵɫʯа߳϶Ƿļצ
ؾľħĿǾħһۣʣؾؾƵؾеȴȫͬؾеؾħǴľħȻӵ
𣡡
ħһֻһ˲䣬ͳ嵽ߵǰ
ȣ
߸տʼȷʵǾһ£ܳɳڣϾҲ˲ɱܿ컺ֳֺ񱳵һǾħնȥ貵ĵâֱ
磡
ħȻӳצӣ˲˵âȥƲ˲һߵǰһĳ
ٶʵ̫죬߸ûӦֻһ죬߻Ԫ˸飬Ѫɳȥˡ
ʧܣ
ޱ˵ߣһڵһöС˼ģǱ׷˺ߵľħܾ͹ԹԵͣˣ˫ĿãȻ˻˺ɫ֮С
һָ˵ڶˣ˵Ϊɫֳ֮һͷħܣ
ЩħȻϵȫܸͬоеľħܣҪ߸߳С磬Ҳ޹ЩԵֵˡ
ڶ˲⣬ʧܣ
ˣʧܣ
ˣʧܣ
ģЩû˵ĵӶЩɫЩħܵӾ̫ˣײޱȣͱѪѾ˵֮ģΪһԼˮƽгŹȥĿԷǳС
Щ֮ǰͨϵͽңļŮҲɫ̫ȻﰵһԼЩħܵʵ֧һʱҲɣսʤǾȫǿЦĻˡ
ۿôûһصģһ𿼺˵ڵӴʦ֣ǲ̫ˣѡľħȴЩ˵ձ߳С磬˵ؾǱȱ֣潻Ƿſ׼һЩô
ʦܣͲˣнǾͻңԾӣʱٲΣǾͲˣûͨˣѾʧˣٸǣֻҪȥؾһβɼ񣬾ʽΪŵӣȴȿֺȥвСΣա
ԭˣȻСеȱ°֮ǰ˵ĵƺеⲻȥ
꿴һۣңֲǴã籾ûѵͣҪջȻҪЩΪ塢ϻɽִѹӲùԴԽԽˣôȥҪ벻ˣ
ʦֽѵǣҶˡǵӼæ˵Ȼźܸߡ
ڼԪʱǼӱ̭ЩˣֵܼʮϢ궼رһ£׼ڿ˽֮󣬰ɽȻǰǿȥؾ
ףǲƷ֣ҵĵ֣ˬôȻûб֣ұͣ
һİֳֳվУϵʱеӶʱϳ
ǶԼʵţһ°ɣ֣ˬԶˣƷʥƷȻԣ
˵䣬֣ˬѾǾħܽˣԱԼ˼Сĵˣ֣ˬȡζսսȻûǾħܲٶҲ졣
׺һ㣬˲嵽֣ˬߣϲƵֱ
۵
Уĵ汻飬֣ˬըըõɳȥȻƴŻԪΣգڿӲŤת壬һбУ
ɽӣ
һĽǶȼΪ꣬ħܲն˼ϣȻһɲǣ֣ˬȴоԼĽ·նһ㱻⿨ס޷ٽֺ
ħܿŭһצ
֣ˬд󾪣齣ˣһûɫһ䣬ֻӣһɲǵĵ飬ĻԪͬһץ飬ʱѪܵצۣ
ûƷʥ֣ˬûħܶԿʱֻܻһƷϵߴգȻ˼δǿŵһʱ䡣
ʱ䵽ϸ񣡡
굹û̫⣬֮ǰͿ֣ˬѣҲһϸĶûУҪȻ̫ѿˡ
֣ˬȷʵɢ棬ҲһģӦܺϸ񡣡꽫Ŀתĸ൱ʵ
㣬һ¡
˵΢΢һ˳ԼҪһû뵽ͻȻ
ǰϳȻ⣬ȴûֱȥУǿ꣬ʵλʦ֣֮ǰһ̡
ţһ㶣üʲô£˵ɡ
ʣңʲôĵȨҪΪĵӣڿҪȡʲôɼ
˵ȴסˣ⣬ȫϡ


1076 ˮ
ңڽӽʥصң½Ҳ۰һңͨУǸ񻰰˵ܼģ
ĿһۣѲ
ޱܻĵͷĽܷѩĹùò˵Ǽûʲôġ
ͷ⼸񺣵ӶЩɵۣСǳԴҩ˰ɣΪ˭һңڱչأǶûء
´һüʲô˶ܼģܼģֻгϻԱڵӡΪ״еĶ⼸ʸҪڵǱչղС
״ӣſɼãܵõ״ӵô
׷ʣЩͷˣͨſ˵ɣ˼ſˣ
ԵĲ̫ˡʵֵſˣֻͨŵӣֻгɼ㣬ܳΪŵӣ״ӣԼҲ״Ӷѣ״жģôȨ衣
СӣҵҪĽһһͺһֻ۾ħܴӺɫг˳ֻħܱ֮ǰֵľħܻҪ߳һ룬ﲻץһսȫųëɱˣ
Ȼ˵ľħûɡһ˵»ܻħܵʵ൱񺣳ǿߣɲֹ߳СˣȻ֪ʵǿֲˬ̬ȣҪԵͷ
ۿħܳŲæָǹ׼ħܵĲһָ
ݣ
ǹâһ磬ֱӴ˾ħܵʺ
ѡطֿɲģΪħܷǿԼ÷ѪǹȻôɱû⣬ֻͽֹԪģǹâĻҪ̴ħüͷǹǻؿڽʵļȴɣѡʺ֣ٵɱ֡
ۣ
ǹâܣһѪ꣬Ǿħܵڹ֮ɳȴ׶㿪ʹ˱
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һľħˤڵأһ̳һԣ곹סˣμſ˵ĵҲЩɵۣǱڴĶħҪܼܲһʱ䣬û뵽ȴ˸ɾĽ·Ǿħֽһ㡣
Ǿħܣ
ǿٹˮɣ
ôܣûǼʦֶĴ治𣿲ʹӾͲˡ
̨µӷ׷ţǵ˵ˣħܵʵѾ˱׼ԼٵӲŻӳԾ
㡭ɢޣ꿴һּɵ֮⣬Կ϶ԿԳɾ;ɣһһľɣһɱ񺣾ħܣȴֻǰΪ츳״еĶС
ˣɲŻһɢޡ
ôã½ߵϢѾȫڸˣûֱӻش𣬶˵λʦ֣鷳ͨһ𣿡
Ĭһ£Ŀһۣ˵ֻͨųϣгڵ᲻㣬ҾͲұ֤ˡ
꿴ˣѹͲμſ˵ģˣȥһţʥأɻ쵽һ״ӵݣμңſˣ
ܿЩеĵȻҲɵӣ˶ò˼û뵽ſоȻһǿƷƷҵĵӣĶǰǾǸЦˡ
϶ܳɾİ
ֹ˵ôһЩϣΪңһأ
Щŵ˽ţҲᣬ˵šһ£鷳ʦʱ򣬼һơˮ塣
ðɡһ²ǸһЩΪ֪ĹϵҲǵĹ˵ĺˣΪʲô£Ͷ뵽̬ȶʱתָ࣬йϵˣ츳ȻóȻˡ
λʦܣϢѾȥȥеȴƬΣɫ˵Ȼ׶Էǰ̬תԭЦЦǾ鷳ʦˡ
ڶŵĽĿУһ񺣵һеȺ١
ʵˮ壬ȷʵĽܷѩùõΪǱ˴˵ĺ֮ʱܹиƾ֤ǺĽܷѩˣƷȻҲûһģȫҷˮȻҲûˡ
ң֪֪ˮĴڣˮǰ֣ĽܷѩùĽˮ֣Ӧ벻
ģֻҪϢңԻ
еȺʱȴĽܷѩ겨Уܵһ˿ԵĲ
ӡĽܷѩΪ˹ҲʮĮ·ʲô鶼̫⣬⻹һĽܷѩϸܵڴͽ֯ì
ĽĻһȷʵʱ꣬ȴѾ˷ǣпǧңĽܷѩȷùǷ
û£ֻ˵ֱʱһЩ£Щлˣҡ֪û᲻Ľܷѩ˵ʱЩѵʱôˣúûȥҵùãȴԼô
»֪Լܹڽбɡ
뵽Ľܷѩҡҡͷа̾ʱ˾ټ˵ĸоݣѩʱҲڻ
λʦֶôʱʱһ߳ã֮ǰѾ֪ϡ

Ǻǣ٣Ұɣ´һۣ֮ǰʹ֪츳ټһ㲻Ϊ֪ĹϵȻȤ
ǣ
һϲվ߶ȥͨһ󣬱ң
ҪʮҪһЩϳң֮⣬ŴķˣЩϹŷɹеķ˵ӣǴСͿʼǳã츳ĵӣᱻֱѡң
ڿзɳۣ߻ͷһۣʵʦֶФ֮󣿡
ФԶףϵ֧
ͱ˵ģĽˮ죬ɴð䵺Զףݺֲ˵ע⡣
ȻӢ۳꣬ݣȻʵǷ̾ţǵˡ
ָָǰһ޴󹬵ͨɫ·ɡ
ԶԶȥһģ񵱳ɹʥһһĹ˹ĻȻռơ


1077 ط
߽ңһ·ǰУܸоң֮ʱԹЩ󷨷ǿ֣ǿҲᱻ˲ɱ
ߴߵңһʱ䣬ֹһ֮ǰһƣȻֻ͵ˡ
˵лл߽ȥһŵĺ棬һ磬йޱȣ·ʱ̺Уĳ̫žҲ֪е֮лľޣ𺳡
УһŮѾڵȺˣ΢΢һЦ˵ʦܣңҶˮͮԺ󣬵̾͵
Ů˵ִ꣬һӡһɳ˳ȥȻͨˣԿŮһۣԷȻ񺣺ڵΪ츳ãܳң֮У֤ضңҪλҪȸղŵĻ߻Ҫߡ
ȥ֮󣬺ܿռͳһ𲨶һ峤İŲ̤
߲ߣȫϢ۾ͬһԲ׵̶
ʣңˣòǲʮӣȻң磬Ѿ޷òжһ˵ˡ
վңǰûиܵƵѹú׺ͣǰ֪ԷݣΪǰֻ׽һͨ
ˮͮȥɡҶˮͮ˻˵
ǣ
Ҷˮͮˣһռ֮Уֻʣ°ˡ
ĿһۣһĿͻ䣬һ˫۾ͷ·޾գҪȥһ㣬ɲǸоԼ·𱻶Էˣûκܡ
Ȼһϵ֮ƽսҲ֮ʶʥǿ߻ʯϢ԰ͷųҲǿӦˡ
ס΢΢һ㵣Ŀһ˿˼֮ɫս龹Ȼܴﵽⷬ硭ʲôˣ
Ľˮǰ
Ľˮ죡ȻԤϣֱ˵֣ͫ΢΢һ𣿡
Ȼˮ壬Ľܷѩˮʵͱˣ֪ǺõʱһƵ̾ϢͻȻ죬ˣҰɣҸܵһ˿ϤϢ˵ġ
ͻȻʱԵĸоĽܷѩȻһʣ˾Ľˮˡ
⡭֪ˡ귢һһֻ̣תһԴ
ɽˮ续黨أٲȻ˼ɾһ㣬Ƭɽˮ֮УȻһɫݣЩȻȴɴ񣬲Σһɵķ㣬Ƣ
һϸֳһһ˸ߵͷľȣվ֮ǰĿͰ
δ˵һ׹ڷɳһɫӰһǸ˵ǰֱӹ˵ϡ
ùá
ʱܷ꣬ʥѾʷܹټˣĽܷѩĳĲţԭĽˮѾ׼񿴵ùõӣеļ֪ˡ
ϸԭֻϸܵһ˿ϤϢҲû뵽ֱӼԭΪѾȥĽܷѩûüˣȴĽܷѩûˣֻʣһ꣡
һʱ䣬ǧζһӿĽˮͷ
ǣ
˵ûʲôоշ˵棬һһٸ㹻һ˥䣡
µķֱѷǣ
ˮ䣬ĽˮҪִĽܷѩȻȴĽܷѩմ˹ȥûκεĶĸоĽˮһʹ·𱻵һ㡣޷Ľܷѩ϶ʲô־ʲô⸱ģһܣ
˾ͺã˾ͺáĽˮݺᣬ΢΢ˣĽܷѩЩҾǲ֪Ľ壬ôʧȥˡ뵱ڤӺôǿ׷ɱܱסһ꣬ʲô֪أ
£ءĽܷѩȻӿζûУȻҲûпͻȻ뵽ԼáĽ£ʵĽˮʱûпĽ£ĽܷѩѾһֲʧĸоҪһ²ġ
ĽˮҡҡͷįȥǰһΣ֮Ҳûмˣˣ˵ĺǣҵ㡭
ĽܷѩĽˮĻһã궼ûлȥѵʲô⡭
ֶĻҪ˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵
̾һҲµĽܷѩˣˣȻûκˡ
߰ɣǹֶ˺ú˵˵
ͷһ̣һ׹⽫ֻصңĵãҶˮͮȺš
ˮͮȥң׼һסɡ
ң󣿡
Ҷˮͮ΢΢һ㵣ǵͷʦ
Ҷˮͮ˵գһֱӷɳңһɹüɽһɽ֮С
ɽﵽŨһɽȣ̾͸озḻµԪΪԪ̫ŨȻɵϸСҺΡ
ԪͬԪʮ
֮Уϡһľ¥һɫ㣬ޱȡ
һأңľ£Щʿ֮סˡ
Ҷˮͮߵһľ¥֮ǰתʦܣԺסɣΣ
¥һۣ˵Ԫ˷ӯңõסأ֪ٵҪסɣסܳʲôġ
õġҶˮͮǺһЦһָľ¥ϵ־ͱˣԭǡо󡱣ڱˡ󡱡
΢΢һû뵽Ҷˮͮôֱ¥ϿԼ֣ϸ룬ղŵ¥󣬺ÿһӦӦ֡
ҶˮͮȻľϵ˳ָһҿֻһ΢С¡
ʦܾס°ɣճƷͷʳרŵѾʲô¿ңҾסڸڡҶˮͮȻһЦͷתһ˫ַ󣬳䣬Ĳ뿪ˡ
߽󣬷ж죬ʮ䣬ÿһ䶼ű£ںԺһƬȪȪƮŻ꣬ˣԡΪĺô֪ˡ
ңǴҲĽˮǰڣĽܷѩҪңһʱˣҲҪһʱꡣ


1078 Ƥһĺ
֮ǰıԴѾﵽ˼ޣĵرֹĳȥ˻ղˣʣµǣٳδںϡ
ĽﵱµԴֳϵ;Ԫϵ֣ңصǾԪϵԴҲͻƾɵˡ
ţΪ˫ޣʵޱȣͻһɵѶȾҪͨߴö࣬ͻƾɵѶȸǱһߴ˰ٱ
ھ֮ǰںǣٿһŰŶݼףǸǻὫѶһ˼ĵز
˵ףƬعˣ˫ޱУǿ̸ʷһЩţΪԼ츳ţóȻѡ˷˫ޣڣ󲻵òɢΪ޾ԪϵĽܷѩ˫޵ٽ磬ͬʱ벽ǵģȫ漣ˡ
ϵԽߣɾ;ɾԽѣڵ״̬ٿһŰŶݼסţҲ͵ڿ˰Ŷݼгź֮ţźŲΪأѶһΣŵҲÿһŶϵеİ󾳽磬ǰţ൱ϵһ׶ΣʻһʵķԾӴɾ;ɵѶȡ
ԽѣõĺôȴҲԽĸӳףں֮۶ϵǾԪϵŲɹĺô
ľɣҪпֲԴ֧֣޷ɹ
˵ףڣ͵У
ȫںԺȪ֮УĽ뵽״̬֪ʱңȴٿһĴᣬμλˣҪôųϣҪô״ļ֮⣬ң̫ϳϣ󸱵еФ졣
쵺ڿЦôҪȡңѹ˵ʮˣʮǾƷҩҩؼ䶼ֻһ꣬Ψһģ
Ф컺˴λ۵ʱϻФǬ۾һɣֱվԼĶ䡣
ʮңû֮һѹңˣʮÿǧ궼һιʵЩʵᱻַƣΪַɫĵӣʮҲǳûһЩδͻ
ĵӵľңҲΪʮŻƼŨһңļֵ֪ˣ
οڶϻɽѾִѹңʱȴͳѹ˵ʮⲻ
Ф΢΢üû˵ϻĳǿʼͷӶ۷׷ףֳһƬңȻФ˼飡
ЩĵӣޱȼպĽҪָʮƵģ
ФͻȻһͺȣһעԪһ󾢷紵ȫڳϺͺĵǶʱ˵ˡ
ȫФ컺˵λƺˣǰʮʱҸ׾ѸʮңУһ˼ķģһȡߣƺˣʮһֱܹժʮڤڤУ˶õЩ꣬˲űʵҲʥֻһ֮ʵ˵ĶݣĪΪʮԶң
Фһ˵ڳ˶Ƕһ£ȷд£ֻʮѾң̫ãǼԭңʵ
ʲô˼Ҫȡʮ
һͻȻ뵽֮ǰøſ˵飬һɣ츳ߵӣңţФ죬ԳФԶףˣ
Ǹ˰ɵꣿǵ˵ĺ᣿
Ф΢΢ĬĬˡ
һӼʮǵǲѾңֲ꣬ƾһ仰˵Ǩ߾Ǩߣ
ǰΪǱʱ䣬ôͻȻǨߣ̫˵ȥˣ
ڳһ˸͵ĳȴû˵ȻҲԸʮǨߣƤûôνġܡ꣬ʵл˼ĺôҪҪˣôûˣҲ֮顣
ν׶׳𣬾ˣһϰ˴ӱõôôû˵ʱ򣬶¾ͱԹˡ
ʱһվλϣǷ˵һ䣿
Ϊ״һ㣬ʵһųϻҪߣֻڻϲһ㲻졣
˵˵ΪΪõһӣȻΪң߲㣬пܼ̳һελ
һ񣬻˵Ϊʮ˵ĺʱңȡʮȻǷĳֱʣ򲻿ôõʱ䣬˶ѾˣĺǴĳżȻִ£˺ܿ˵Ĳ֪ٴƾңҪʮʵǻ֮
Թĵرʵߣ߾֮ǸСΪɣ츳ٺãսжߣΪضûд֧֣ҪʮĴ£ôûиֳס棿һҪʮȻҪ˳Ķ࣬ɴ˿ɼûֻ֧֣Լ
£õʮҲܱסƥﻳΪʮºҲν̫ᣬܲסˣǲʮʵΪãҲǻ˵Ķˡ
ңϣʥؼ벽֮ңʮ绢ǵʵҲ˵Եǰǵõʮλֳ⣬ǵĻԵ콫ʮңνڲȡʱʮͳȥ͸һʵ΢СٰǾʮ޴ΪˣԼңɾʥصϣ
˵һֲ꣬ʮʱҲ˴Ȫˮʼʮˣ
һ˵ǰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ģдʣݵ䣬ƺʮڰĪĶ£Χĳ϶Щɵۣģ˺Ƥǲˣ˭Ҳû˵񣬰һѵ·վڵĽǶϣԭǲŲòʮʵ˵ۡ
ңҶˮͮڰߣһ˵˺һипƤһĺ񰡡


1079 
˵ĺãеһεĳ޵ǲ黹ʮڱ˵ˣЩΪסʮҲ˲СĴۣȻǶʮһϢϸܣʱˣϢй¶˳ȥһǰһң֣ͼʮҲϹѲСĴһ벽ĸֳң󷨣ŻǸûǣʮôס
ͻȻǰΪʮǳսΪԼҵһʮɡ
ӿʼФһֱԹֱۣǰĴսͻȻЦһƮƮ˵ʵмǣһǰǳŴսĸ˲Ҹ׻ѴģΪʮ˹ϵǳԲųֻסʮҪȻΪ벽ǿôң
ʲô
Фһ˵ڳ˶סˣϸһ˪ɵ˵ˡ
ϸ룬ܣԲܣ˻ջʮΪҪôã˭᲻ʵķڱһž꣬ǱҿɲΪ˶Ե޹ʵĺõ̶ֳȣҵ˽죬һɵСҪʮⲻǿЦôФ֪ϵ㸸ףӦʵ㲻ΥҲҳվסŵɰɣùⲻȥ油ǸСӾˡ
ФĻϵȻһЩȴԲš
ʱƲ˵Ǹ츳ãδľҲң̫ôַ뿪ңȴǵǵĶ£ҲǱĿģ෴Ϊûȡʮģǧ֮󣬴ɳʱ򣬿¡
ֻǵ㵽ûм˵ȥڳ˶ɵӣȻ˰֮⣬иݣˣ
ФǬƤ΢ȷʵ˵һЩ뿪ڷŻɽûɳãһɳպν޶ɷ߱ϣ񷨵壬ʳ
ФϵԸʮСӣҲȴͷ֮˰ʮɣǿʳ磬ɱԽ黹ô
ۼФǬͰԽ˵ԽФƤ΢ⳡᣬĽˮңпأ
Ľˮ⣬֮ܳǰһǰĴս֮ðճһȲѣٳ֣ټʮķ粨ɻܴĹעΣ֣
ϾĽˮǲһ͵ٴϢҲᴫԶ
Ф쵱ȻĽˮ棬ңҲһ˵ģסˣвٳΪԭ򣬲ϷԹ黹ʮǱФǬͰһʱҲվ֧ˡ
ФĿ˴ϺͰһۣһһٵ˵ɱԽɱԽ֮ǰѾˣЩȫ󲻵ģ˼һЩǴߵʱ֪ôģҪûǣ
Фһ˵ʱ̺Եɱ˴ϲһҲһЩȻŲλãФⷬȻûͷûβŻˡ
Ǹ˭
ô˴ڣΪʲôֻὫʮң꣬Ҫʱ򣬻һС
Ф˵ⷬ󣬱ȥϵҲĸףǧǰʼĺȥѰͻһһ˿ФϾ㣬˵һ
ФҲ֪ФǬʵ̫ϳϵ֧֣Ҳ˵ҪʮҪѹס̫ϳϣˣңĻʯ
Ľǰ
Фصңؾ֮Уվ֮ǰЩĽһ
šԣĴѾʵͬ⽫ʮóңʱ򣬾ѾԤϵһˣһôˣΪңܷʥص·δѩҪܷʥأҲҪңΪңʵȻҪ
ʮңȡڶἫӰңˣ谭ңʥأҲ׾ľɱЩɣҵһغܷʥδǷ˳ؽȻܲˡ
Ľˮһ˵ФһΪĽˮ֧Ľܷѩϸ룬ʵĽˮ˵ңߣֱ⣬ĽܷѩڣҲ׽ʮҪ۲һ϶㹻δܷʥصʱŻ
飬ʵֻǸЩɳһ׼õʱ·ͻȻңϲĻҡ
뵽Ф쵹ǰһЩõһЩ˴ŭĽˮ죬лɱĻԭңѩϼ˪ң߲ǿߵͻȻȻᵼĻ̻̣ټ϶ϻɽ壬һСģңĸ
Ф칪ˣ֮УĽܷѩĽˮǰֻƯڰУϸ˫㱩¶ȹ֮⣬貨Ʈݳ
ùáƺǲĽܷѩ˵ţȻƽĿȴ̺һ˿΢ɲĲ飬Ȼ̫Ľˮ
Ľˮ첶׽ĽܷѩǺһЦΪĵѩ۹⣬ȻŵģֻǡùѾˣҲܲסκδ󣬷ǿܷʥһˣүүǷһûڷڤҰĵʱ͹ɱ˽
Ľˮ˵г̾һĽܷѩҲ̾һû˵ʲôˡ

ʱȻȪȫ֪ңЩ飬⵹ٶۣû뵽Ľܷѩ˵ԴʵѾңȡϵңĸ
ԭΪԴĽˮ쵥ţңĳǸ֪ĽˮĽܷѩֶҲ̫
ʱ򣬾Զ˼ңĺĵӣҶˮͮͰУ󣿺ٺ٣Сӵסɣҵĵģ
˵ĵΪƣңͷһ仰ĿҶˮͮЦЦ˵ţҲң״ӣ츳൱ߣǱҶˮͮͰԲһЩ
ҸĵġҶˮͮǰζĿЩü˵
ãʦ֣˵ľСӣһɵϰĴڣȻңȻҪȡֱⱲЦЦˣߣȥСӾһɵơ


1080 ģؾ
ҪȡʮֹǴңӵ棬ֱؿͱһ£ܲޣ
ǰ벽ʵȻĴ治ּĴܣȻʲô˵Űɣɱȴ״ӵΪ͡Ʊ񺣳ڵΪ֪һΪҪǵӣⲻҴô
ۿһҧгݵӣ΢΢һЦɫʮǾԲģгΪһεҰģʮ˵˾ģôܸһˣ
Фڳϻ֮ʱ󾯸ȴðɵ֣ϴϣûɳʱɱˡ
ڣ񲢲Ф˵ĻΪФǡ
ǣҲգԾ׳һ̽·ʯ̽·ʯ̫ˣֻҪ΢һΪ˵һңĿģðĶһȺʰ
ǰơ
Ҷˮͮμ˳ϻᣬָȻĴ㣬ǿӣ֪ԼʲôҲŵģҡҡͷտڲԡ
ģǸ˵Ĳ֪˶ٴĺôǸˣҪȻܵȵڲȡʮС˵˵һ˸Ӵŵݣѹûϵɼµʲô֮ģңƭΪǶǵɵ𣿡
Խ˵ԽĻҲǶ˵˵뷨ֵʱ̫ˣ֪ܷʥشڵˣݲɣʱȡʮһ˵ͨ
ҶˮͮЩȥˣ˵ƣȻҲԸң𣬵˵ҲҪ̫ˣô򵥣츳ǳߣı󣬶Ȼ֧ĳ
츳ߣжߣſ˾һңſʲôǸŵ׼ģһȺں֮ڣȥμſˣɨ˻ո
˵䣬Ѿ֮ǰʱȪѾһЩ̸û⣬ֻǸоЩƺԼ
Ų߳Ȫһεԡˮϵˮ٣һ֣˵е壬ԡ֮󣬿ԡˮմԡ꣬Ҫ
һӣϵˮ鳹ɣϵԪԷľۼγһɫȫ
ʦܡҶˮ֣ͮЦЦ˵Ҳ΢Цŵͷĵȫ
ֻƣԼʢ֮⣬Ŀơ
ţ΢΢üԼʶһɣôĪͽһˣ

´ĿǹٸĲڿýʵʵķˣӡмζ
ûشƤЦⲻЦ˵˵ſ˳ɼѽ㵱ʱƺʹ٣ôܳΪ״еĶɣô˼񲻷Ѵ֮һˣ
һĪ㿴ˣƾǰҲġ
Լ˭˭ˣңʼͱŲ˵Ľˮ֮⣬ûˣһֱȪǵ鷳Ŷм
ʱҶˮͮԪǸʦܣΪ⼸һֱȡһöʮԶе⡭
ʮһ㵣ʲôʮ
ţֵҶˮͮˣʦңȡʮô
ʮ
΢΢˼һ£Լһ伮ϻʮϢһҩΨһģһһŻᵮ
ҩΪĸߣ֮ϣǾҩˣҩļ൱ǽı˵ЩҩԳɳ꣬ǾͲҲʥؼܹȾָĴˣĽܷѩүүõı˶֪Ҳ˽⡣
ܿеĹؼԭˣ̫ˣұΪĽܷѩ˵ЩԴĽˮ쵥ֻҪõĽˮϿɣͨĿ飬ܽЩԴߣȴ룬ЩԴѾңȡߣԵ֪ˣ
ңԸ黹ʮ̫ˣô˳ĸǹ£޳ܣȴ֮飬ңûͼɱھͲˣ뻹Ľˮá
СӣҸ˵ûأԼ˵ʱȻˣЩˡ
ѾеĹؼЦЦĿһۣ㵽˵ʲô
ƽʲôϥҲˣ޷Լ֪ѶˣҲԼˬһѣ˳˳
ۿƺ֮ռţԲ˵ʦܣʲô̬ȣңĴ֮ʦܸңûȥ߹ɣĴתת
˰һۣӶԷɫ˿Լĵ⣬ԼڴңеӵĶϣȻκ˶Ѻá
Ʊһ㶣ĿԪʦ֣ʲô˼ֵô
˵ף֪ı֧֣֪ФͦҲ뵽ңܷʥǰЩǧ˿ƵĹϵҲʹϡͿľͱ˵ǹʹˡ
ôѲҪֱӸսʵ
һ㶣ҵǺУΪһ󾳽磬Ĵᱻ˵ʤ֮䣬ҡˣСôƵҪܺúõסңѵ֧
ͻȻʶһ㲻ԣšô˵Ǹ˶ϹжҲ̫ˡ
ԭߣǿʳѧ磬ֶҲҪʵ̸̫֮ˣǾûˣ˰ɣ
˵䣬һֱԹۣȻûȤǵӣΪ⣬ЦǺǵ˵ʦܣΪ츳ôߣǽؾĴʱ򣬲֪ȥûУ
ȥĵͷҲֻȥؾ
ǺǣңϽһؾʱֿȥ˵ܵõЩ˵ؾЩΣգΪ˼ؾеңǻѴۣרŽһģؾȤȥô
ģؾһмȤ
һԣȴ۾һȻ뵽ʲô
ǰģؾģؾеĸΣգУȫʱԽ̣ȡõģⱦֵԽҲ֤ʵԽǿģؾлľˣؾУͻᴦĸӵӦ֡


1081 Ҫͬھ
еģؾھңʮﴦ൱ģؾңѲСģ󷨣ийԵĿܡޣܹ޶ȵĳֳؾе龰
ϾһؾĴ۲Сȥһ˷棬ǾͿˡ
վģؾ֮ǰø֪̽һؾȻռа﷽Բд۸ӣ۵ռ󷨣ʵռ౶Ҫȥһ⣬ȡģⱦȷʵס
ûеӽȥʵһ£һ⣡
ģؾǰƺٺЦ˵
һۣʱҶˮͮԪʦܣģؾȻ󷨣ȥ֮ǻ˵ģսܣĻ˶пܡ
ؾ֮зռ󣬽涯䣬ǶϷңģؾҲͼ޶ȵķ棬󷨾ٱ棬ҲȻʵһЩ࣬ңŻ׼սܡ
ллҸ档һ䣬ȻһѣģؾгԵͷ
ôô˵ʱѾߵģؾڴʱģؾѾڲˡ
ʱҲмӴģؾгǵӣˣǱȴ˷ܣȻ˲ԡ
ʮ߼Ѷȣӹأʦ
һѣ֮ǰҲû١Ǹʦֹǫ˵βסЦݣȻʮԵá
ףǲʦ֣ţаʦ֣Ҷˮͮʦ㣡
˭ڳǶһҲң״ӣǵλҶˮͮȴкܴ࣬λǶĵľη
ףС˭ңˡ
ȻҲע⵽ǻ֪ʮ飬ָ޵ĻᣬȻͼӴ׵Ԫ˽ңĿġ
ʲôʦ֣˵ģ
ǿЦɣҪʮŰأôҪ飬ôܽһСҲҪʥĸֳɣ
ʥһλõĳƺʥֲһʥصʥң벽ͳɾʥأе̫ϳҲʥ֣˹ϵش飬ȻҪʥǰУһɵС̫Ϸˣ
⻹룿ȻûʥˣһСʣһ˰ɣ
ɣҲ˰ɣ
˼СңҪʮȻվ治±˴
߷׷ԪţĿⶼЩϷʵζΪƵȰôʵй˼ѹͲ֪ңϲרž˳ϻ۴£˵Фͦˡ
ǸаҪʮĿܣǿĿûзŭ͵⣬ǴζͺЦһũԻʵ˵Ҫ߻λһЦ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ɾܳΪң״жɣ¶һаЦݣڴ˵
ӽ治㣡
Ȼ仰޵ģҪ֪ڳ⼸Ȼ״ӣ״εˣҶˮͮĶԶˣΪ״еĶǷܶĿ꣬ȻΪ㾡ʮŬѶʵ̫󣬿ĺڣǵڰǵͷܶĿݺݵˤڵϲһţһĭ
ⲻǵڳЦ֮ǰŬôܲŭ
˼㻹ͦŵģ˵ſ˲һǷһȡ
ſ˵һеӿŵ˵г˷̵ζ
ſ˵һӦܳΪŵ˰ɣ˼֮ǰʦſˣˡ
һһ͵ķͻȻЦˣƺһ飬Ҵû˵׾ٵĳΪң״еĶڣȻ˵ȷʵʲôûȤֱ˵ǣûȤңԺҲᣬǲҸоãһμңſֻΪˡ
һ˵ֹǴֱǽЩ˵ʺˣЩ˶ʱŭˣûң
ָյáǡ죬Сӣ֣ҽͿ㵽׿ֽģؾʦܣʮżѶȣٷŽȥɱ¾ܣҪģ
ƶһյ˵յȴں˵ʦ֣ɱţҾܰƽˡ
أɵƾˡһɵ˵
֮ǰʱ˵һʦֵ˹˶ʮ߼ѶȣģؾѶҲһԵʶ
ڶ£ûȤǿݣǲЩңݸղҶˮͮҲĥĽˮ̬ȣҪʮԼɲǶϷҪԼҲ
ҲڷĽˮڰй۲ԼܷӦЩӵΧ
һ㣬ȻܶսˣһֱֻᱻΪ۸û£ʮôܵͷϣ
ЦЦĿЩһۣ˵ȻǶȤңһϣģؾֹһ˰ɡ
֮ã
ȫ㣡
ЩϵЦţһת˵ллǳȫȻ˵ʮżѶȣӦǰܹȥ˰ɣ㲻ԼѾ˵ѶԸң̫û˼ˣ
˵ţתͷơ
üͷһ壬ʲô˼
Ӷе㷢㶣ǵд˾ܴʮ߰˼Ѷȣʮżĺܲңڸ߼ѶȣǾǿЦĻˡ
ҵ˼˵һѶȣս˵䣬ǷһζĻȡ
ʲô
Сӷˣ
ʲôˣǸɵƣûģؾȻ֪ʮżѶǸʲôˣҪ
ΧҪѶȣɫЩˣʮżѶǶܲסˡ
ôǸղŲǿڿ˵ҪѵôڶήˣĿһɨЩ˵Ϊ񺣳£츳ĴؾЩˣĴɶǶʥأϹǽ
㣡ЩӶɫһºݵģ²ҪģҪͬھ
Ҷˣ֪ԼΪͣǣԲһù
ʲôģؾȻʵʵս˽ᱻ󷨴ģڴɸ£ŰΪһ˵ñأ˭˭
ԣܵʲôƲˡ
Ԫ˵һͨʱһ£ƣǳ鶯˼£·¶˺ܴģҧ˵ãʮѶȣսܺޣʵʵ


1082 ɹ
Ҳ֪֮ʮѶȣܹأֻܾ֤Լ˵ò̫ңֵʱˡ
ͲˣȻ˽ǣ˵ᱻУģؾǷǳΣյģ˵дˣսǵʯ֮䣬ʵնһ첲ʲôģǷǳ顣
뵽Ƿһ˿⣬̵Цݡ
ҶˮͮǵЦݣƤ΢΢һû뵽ģؾȫ˽⣬͸ȥսʮѶȣҸ棬ǿӣҲ벻飬ֻ˵ʦܡȡΧߵĻѹСһ㡭
Ҷʦ㣬˵Щʲô˼ҸȥɣͰʦ󷨡
ҶˮͮͰʵԶڳ״ӣٺʲ
ðɡҶˮͮһۣ󷨡
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󷨿ڳеӶһģؾ֮Уٶȣȴˡ
ٶȲģؾǿʵ
񱧱أһӣ˵ʮѶȵȻʲôˡ
䣡
ģؾ֮Ѿ˼ҵײ֣ģؾ͸˱ֿˣؾ֮Уƽпռޱȡ
ݣ
ǰʮһۿɱĹâеĻȻˣҲĻԪ
ŲһŲȽ飬ӰȻʧЩȻ˿մתۼ䣬һʮͷħɱ˹лŲ֪ؾޣЩѾˣȴ󷨲ݣǰһʵ
ɿռ䣡
ûκ֣Ľܷѩµר似طʹúɿռҲûκι˼ˡ

ɫĺɿռչʱʮͷħС
һĺɷѸٷֽǵǷǿȴҲ֮УӦٶۡ

ѪǹȻһɨμĻǹ֮ϣ֮Щħͳͳ飬ЩںɿռУ˺֮Ρ
һлɱʮͷħܣÿһͷ൱񺣳ڵߣһսȴûиеʲôģ֮Ѿһ˼ĵزǰԳ֧ŵĺɿռ˵ȫ൱һʱڵá
׷磡
ݣ
Ϲһţͷޱ˽̿Ҳ׷ṩļٶȣһԾԾʮľ룬ʱͻȻ֣һ࣬һһ㣬ķ϶дȥ
Ȼû뵽ոմķ϶Ӳ֪ص󷨻öУЩд£ŲļΪ׼һӷеܷ
ţ㲻ˣ
һ㵣⾫ܼĹ켣ȷʵЩŵЩÿһöע󷨵һߵĻԪԻֽһıֲʮѶȣЩӶɫ
˵ȴ⣬кüַеĹ
ٵмʱ̣֮еĻƽսֱֳɼʮɣÿһɶע뵽һö֮У־Щֹͣˣ
һ㣬Щֹз϶˹ȥ
ֻĽײ죬ЩӲײƬ
Ųͣǰȥͬʱ֪ɢΧ
ģؾеıܳκһطûй̶λãλ൱ΣҲ޶ȵĳֳؾе龰Ͼؾ֮УûԤ⵽λá
̶һʱ䣬֪˶ǹÿһǹһ߿ܣңдؾħʬṩ񺣳ڵĿҲ൱ĳɱģʱܿġ
ͬʱڲͬƽпռ֮УѾ˿սģؾеľħܣʱɱͻԽԽľħܱ߻ܵΧС
쵰Źһôģؾ󷨻ʱҲĿӵʱ䣬ʱ䵽ҲᱻжʧܣѾûȥѰұˣǣҪӵʱ䡣
ƹԼڵٶȣɫܲãʮѶǵһγԣ֣ԼѶȻǹƲ㡣
ߣѶȴҲãǶҵһ飬ҵܼޣңСһҸң
ţһԪǿսɱһܺ۾һ֣ħܵİΧȦһ˿϶
ᣡ
չһ˳ȥڳУоԼĺ󱳱һֻܵצݺݵץһ£Ѫ֡
ʹƺһӲ˰ΧȦʱʮ󷨻ƴһܷ
ݣ
ƴģؾ֪ٴΣȻ֪еƫƫʱȥ
ƱһؽȻǰһңķ߰˵Уֵǰͷڸ첲˫һͷϡĵطײ˹ȥԼܹﵽС
ȻҲӵս飬Ǿƽ𼶲̫Զˣγ־ͶӰע֮ϵȻû⣬ҪЩ̺ǿȴǲܡ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ƵĻԪ̴ֱۡȡСɫ԰ޱȣǺôҪǿĴһأͷҲصܣ˴ۻĻᣬҪ׷ɱܡ
֮⣬Ӿ͸ˡ
ǵʵвƣһú񱳵ĵʵãһͷ޿Ȼײؿڣ޽ǻ˺ü߹ǣѪĵɳȥصˤڵϣˤðǡ
۾һȴͷԼ˹
ƿڴݣӶ˳ˣôҴͳȥ
ܻ˵ңģؾ˳ֻʧȥսܱͳȥҲΪ˱ȵӵļޣû·Ͼؾ֮ûһ˵ֻ
ǵۿ޳վûˣղ˵ĳ̶ȣģؾУΣա
ǵͻȻһ޳ʱ򣬴һһնȥһնޣȴնԼײ˿Ʋȣ㲻˵Ҫڴʮ£ԲУȴܺܺõİס
ۣ
Ѫɽһ̣âͳģؾ
ʱʱѾȥһ̰룬һǹһֻ޿֮ͻȻһǷһ˿Цݣλã̽鵽ˣ
ⱦһɽ֮£һöؽҩ
ɽ֮Ҳ󷨣ûá
뵽аѿ֮У׻֮һǹ̳
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1083 磬ڰ
ʱģؾ֮⣬ҶˮͮעģؾʱģؾͻȻһζ
ţ˳ˣҶˮͮһ
ԣһʱ䣬˵ô죬Ӧ˱ģȷе˵ǵûܹأְʱǲˡ
ţӦǡҶˮͮոյͷŹâһһȫѪңӾͱ˳
񶨾һ֪ǵһɨ޴󰭣ֻҪڴϢ죬ģؾУֻҪ̫ù³ѶȣҲһ㲻Σա
áֽ֮óһ˵ģǵڨڨĽ˹̷Ϊﻢµ֮ʵڲʲôֵҫ飬Ȼûˡ
ӳ֮Ļζתۼ䣬ӱ˳Ǹ˵òᣬԸߵȼ˵ֻҪǶֶϽţǶϵֵֽĶ˵ˣʲôֻ֢ҩһʱ伴ɡ
ˣûĵӾʣĸˣҲ棬֮⣬˵Ϊ񺣳ڡ
°ͣһ⣬Ŀ֮Уȴ̺һ΢ɲĺ⣬츳ǲֶ֪ܼأֵܼøһãζɾ񺣳ŵʵ츳ҶʦƺҪѷɫһɡ
ԼҶˮͮ촽ǣһ£û˵ȻǵðڳϻϵķԣһڷŻɽ£Ȼֻˡ
ʱģؾڴһζһʸһ㴩ȵڵϡ
ţ
۾һɣ˵ٶȺȽȻûˣ
ģؾУûˣҲûеԼʱ䣬ֻһְ취뿪ؾǾõģⱦ
㡭
ףһı飬˾Ȼ
ˣ
ҶˮͮҲסˣĿЩ˵ǣҲǷ׷ֹͣˣȫ˶
򲻻ŲæһĨֽ䣬ģȻһöɢŨԪҩݣ뿪ģؾ֮ꡰҩݡѸţһͳʧҩݵҲıˣһƣдһء֡
Ȼģؾеģⱦˣ
Ȼˣ
Ҷˮͮɴ۾Ȼ֪ģؾ񲻿ܳóģⱦʱܵĳǼ
ҶˮͮЩ˵ĵ㿴ңҿ㣬ű˴ȫѪģӣٶԱоԼǱڳһƣ޲̱һֻϣ˿
ƴƴսûֶþѪģĳˣ֮ǰſЦ뷨Ƕĳ嶯رӣǰֱ޵ݡ
ֽƸϣ̧ͷҶˮͮһۣ˵Ҷʦ㣬Ȼȥˡ
ʦܣ㡭
ҶˮͮһڿˮʲôҲ˵
ôˣ֮ǰЩ˵ĵһĵͷֱʧǲųһΪ֮ǰִǸоһۣϻģˣǲžһ㡣
һֱ͵ĿıӰֱӹսʧ۾Ȼһâ
ôܣ츳Ǳͬҳʲôˣ
ȭͷܵΣΣ˵һţܶʱŵĵ߱־ԡʡ˵ıƴҲǴСԴıƴٳɫҲᱻķϣܳɳһûд֧֣
д֧֣ΪǴɸȡʮǡ
һûȷʵд֧֣Ǹȴ֪ʮǸ¸ûϵ˽˵ңҪȡʮ
ʶһ㣬лȻʡ
ĻҪ̫ɵϾڻδɳǽĻǾδˣ
СӣԻΪңĵˣǰʮǾԲܵģ
˼ţʱʱѾȥ̶ˣʧܵİʱֻʣһʱ䣬״е񺣳ǿ߾Ȼסˡ
ֹһСʱֻʣ°ʱ䣬ģؾȻһζȫ˵ӰȺ󱻵˳ȴ档
˶ˣһؾ״̬Ҷˮͮæǰˡ
Ҳ㲻ͲһֵǻûüȥһΧͿʼˣһ֮ɳ©еɰӳ©꣬ˡ

һˡƣ󷨵
ȫѪͷɢԪ˾ųɣƾһ֧ŵڣʱԵȴвСĺô֧Ȼȫʹƣ£ȴ񫡣
ˣʱҼֵ󣬹
Ƶʵǿһ˵ûˣվŴЦ
˵ļ޹ȻѹեģҾȻƾһ־ֵڣˬɤźܴԶȻԭԤ֮еĸ֮̾ȴûдЩֺͲˬĿһɨȴЩӹȻ˵öԼأǰͳȻûмֵֻȫһֹĿ⿴ԼҶˮͮҲˡ
ţǿʲôأôûСӣҵҪŵʮѶȣʲôٺ٣
ĿûзӰƸˬˣĳɹȻҪбвܳһȴڡ
뿪ˡƵӣЩģڴ˵ļЩ̵˵
뿪ˣ̫ر̧ȥˣü̧ˣô԰ڣ
⡭Ǽ˵ĵӶһۣ֪˵ʲôˣҲһӪģۿСһɵǶĿȥˡ
ʱҶˮͮһۣû˵ûˣû㣬ǰ뿪ˡ

һ£һʱûعζһϢʱͻȻ
ʲʲô
ƶʱɴһ˫ţۣ㿪ʲôЦôܣ
ҲûȤ㿪ЦŵʲôϵðɣɣҶˮͮܲˬָָʯϵƣٷϻתȥ
̾һƵļҲû˵ļʲô˼Ѿˡ
ܣ
ɵ
磬ġҲ֮Ǽ˵ɵӿɥ˵ȴͬ˵һ
ӵʱͳˣҲûĹӣƾˣ
磬ڰ


1084 ֮
ģؾеս̣ĽˮУγһռ䣬йܽӲʱĽˮȴȻһ㶣ʲôȻôǿ󣿡
Ľˮ˵ģȻĺɿռ䣬ǧǧ߿ֻܵԼרϲҲĽˮ쾪ΪȻƷʼߡ
Ľܷѩԥһ£ջǽڵ֮·еľ˵˳ԿԼĽˮ죬Ľܷѩȫεġ
ţ˵ʲôԪ𣿺ɿռ䣡ղʩչľǻԪ⣿ĽˮһɿռĽܷѩǲϳģϾԪʮǰʧˣǸʱĽˮ컹δ
ǻԪʧ֮ǰҲǴڰ״̬߳ʱѾ꣬ǧǰǸʱĽˮ컹ûأǰһ㣬ܷʥʥҲǻû
ԻԪˣĽˮҲֻһЩ˵Щ˵УںɿռֻᵽֻƬʲôĽܷѩĽˮ
ĽܷѩĲĻԪ⣬еһ֡ħ⡣
ֻһ֣ĽˮƤ΢΢ţ˵ĻԪֱ֣Ϊħ⡢⣬ˡħߺһ𣬲ĻԪ⣬⣬֮УҲǰһ֡
Ľˮվ¶˼ı飬૵˵˼飬Ȼõ˻ԪĴУǲ˼飡
ĽˮɫӣʲôȻޱվ򶥼һ磬Ѿٲ飬ǿ翪սС£Ҫֻһȥ׷Ѱ׷Ѱ˵ɴ顣
ĽܷѩĽˮ֪ʮǰս뵽ǳսĵص㾹Ȼ½磬
֮䡭Ϊλᷢս֮ս
ϵʲôֵƴ
ѵħı
ܷʥصʥܱħΪħĴڱǸܣ˺֪ڤӵʱܷʥصЩѣҲֻ֪ħ֣ʲôǲ
Ľˮ֪ĹħһУжϣʥǷ׼ȷĽˮȴҿ϶ɣħܷ𼶱ĸ
Ȼ֮ѾĽˮܹ̽ѰˣֻеμӹǳսĻԪ׷𣬲֪еܺ顣
ܵõԪĴСôȶԣܷʥصĴȴԵЩ԰ˡ
뵽ЩĽˮжӡԷ˼ı仯
ùãѵҪĽܷѩʵ¸ĽˮǾһԥģĽˮ죬ֻʵڹغش󣬵Ȼ֪ԽԽãĽܷѩ˵ȻΪĽˮΡ
Ľˮһ˵Ȼ˵ؾ֮żȻõ˻ԪĴУԪѾˣĴҲʲô˾ܵõģ˵ǻԪѡĴˣܵõݴУܵĻԪЩ͸ӦȻǻԪѡĴˣȷʵûпʸ񣬱ܷʥؾ΢ˡ
ѩҪֹùСʵΪʮңͬشұҪؿǣңѵʱңĵӣؾ֮Уܵ˶ϻɽִѹԴţңʧȥʮֲǧ֮ڳɳĻôң᧿Σˣ˵ǽʥأǱסڵĵλҲǷǳѣ㲻õүүµӾͻʧȥˡ
壿ϻɽĽܷѩ΢΢һ㵣ǣ
ңͷңĺΪĺĺΪװؾڶң塢ϻɽ̾ںĺϵؾ֮УҩġʯԴȻЩ󣬵ΪḻŵԴԴء
ǰŶСΪ˱סĺΧͺؾУʱ򣬱˴֮ϵݺЩ꣬չˣÿԺĺҰģܶԺĺ̲ţٷչʱ䣬ܳΪʥ֮Ĵڡ
֮ϵңΪʮַ֧֣֮չ죬ڲһ˿ɾʥأŸܵвִѹǣһʼº֣ѾڵرǺؾеԴᣬÿһζѪɺӣ
ͬԴĹأңĺؾĴؾкܴؾеԴ٣һҵһЩȴǼֵеǾ챦ӦģؾΣҲʺŵ
ңĺؾȫ෴Դ࣬дƬҩԭҰƬƬĿأֻҪȥɼҪѰܲɵԴԴֵȴԱȽϵͣŶЩԴôۣǶһ˵ȴǷǳҪһң֪ٵӣƽʱĸֿȫҪԴ֧֣˵ؾһɽЩؾĵӾǿ󹤡
ؾпռϱԽΪߵԽͨԭؾΣԲߣֻҪɳһЩĵȥɼԴɳڵĵȥؾħͿˣΪŵı˴ᣬңòһټ񺣵ռıԭĲɼԴڼһսˡ
ÿͶһ񺣵ӣȴҪڴʱĴʵʯһңľѵľأʯĴңȻȲͶϻɽˣһںؾңռ˼ơ
һ棬Ųıȫսʧ˭ҲܲĶƣƬ˵ͱˣ£һͨؾңĸЧˡ
ЩĽܷѩ΢΢˵ԭùڹҵһ飬һΣ뵽Ͷ֮оˣΪߣͽȥĻѲܴ󣬵ܷӳսȴǳߣ
ţ
Ľˮһ٣üŰɡȻ˵ʵѾһ񺣳ڵţؾ֮Уһɱݵʱ񺣺ڵ߶֣ƴʱҶˮ֮ͮﶼܻսȻҪһŸ޼ۣˣʧ̫ˡ
ĽܷѩѡĽˮ쵱Ȼӣģؾ֮еı֣ɾʥԲ⣬ţȥؾ̫ðˡ
ĽܷѩȴЦù÷ģû⣬ң˵һѵõʵսĥ¡


1085 ϸ
峿ңԪŨƮĳɽ֮У˼ɾһڶꡣ
֮УȪ֮УȪˮڱн룬ȫִëһ˿˿ͳ֮С
Ѿʵ˼ĳ̶ȣʵԸ⣬˫ޣһԪϵôҪκĵر̤ɣٷôƾ֮ǰ۵ĵӣͻ񺣡䣬ʮɣʮֿ٣ҲֹڴˣϾͻƿֹǰ
Ȼôѡˣѡģһ쳣ѵĵ·ҪĴԴѴʱ䣬һ߳δɾͲ

ԡȪʱдһöŮĽܷѩ
˫ۣһӱ㴩·Ȫ𣬡Ľ
â˸һµĽܷѩǰЩ죬Ľܷѩһֱңûг
ùѾӦʮˣ֮⣬ʯֻǣҪһæ
ʯܳΪͨû֮һ֮⣬ҪԭܿؾĴ󣬶ؾǺܶԴԴڡ
ֻҪ㹻ʯڸַкֵĶ
Ľ˵
ĽܷѩңĽˮ̸˵ˣӦУһֱĽܷѩĴжûеĽܷѩȹѵһӣǻ˹ܼʶ˺嫵硣
ȻĽܷѩҲж֮Ȼʱ̣ܶǱ˴֮ȴѾǳιˡ
պںĺ򣬴ңһʯϢ
ؾ͵ĵĿԽ࣬ΪԽߣҪʯȻҲԽࡣ
ңŴԴģһʯζҪдˡ
ʱںĺһƬ鵺֮ϣһɫɽȣɽ֮ӿȪȪеȪˮʮֹĴ˵ĺɫȥеѪζֲͬѪһһˬĸоǳһ㡣
ʱƬɫȪ֮УʮɴŮһϷţǸ̬޳ӯӯһյһĻԲȣ֮⣬ȫһ˫ۣ۾棬ȴһ㱡ƬȻǴѪࡣ
ЩŮ֮䣬ĸĿӣһ߾ųϣȫʵûͷͷŹŹֵӡĻһԼǣǱˡ
򡢹Ѫ⾳ǵĴ˫޹ΪڵӿԾŮϵļ֮УƷİء
֮⣬̰ԣ̰Ȼָ̰ʳϲɸĵرǿʯǵ壬
ԵʳɫҲʳɫԭ󣬶ΪҲıڣֻнӵ£˲ıԴ
һֽһεߵŮ뻳Уһֵţһ˵˵ңڴһʯЩһѵҪɳĵȥؾ֮кݺݵĿһ
ΪǴԼԣǵ֣֮Щ졣
ٺ٣ҿ֮ǰǴˣɳĵؿԴñɱԽ
һ˵ܿ콫еŮŪýÿһˣǴϵĸ֣ΪͨҲʮ˽ôŮӸ˷УвϵоĴֱ̼Ԫִ̼Ůӵ֮ڶ෽ͬʱﵽ۷塣
Ҫ֪ߵЩŮԭķ֧°ķ²ЩŮӣݼΪ߹ӵһѪͳһʼǶƴӣЩøַ̼ǣռǵģǳ׳٣ʼЩӵĸӹūɥʧԭ˸ֻ֪һȡл
ΪЩһЩʵǿʢŮ壬һֱЫ
ҿδأؾȻԴḻһܲɼĲƸҲ޵ģҲʲô磬ɼԴٲ̫ڵĵؾԼ۱ߣջɵĵӣǿرڸɺڵĵӣǾͿˡɳȥ񺣵̫࣬ӹٵĻջ벻ҹƣң׼ģɼһԴ˵ɳǧӺϰٵ񺣵ӣһԲɼ񺣵ӹĻҪȥǾͻԸҪǱƴ
ңǲ٣ҲοжϻɽѣһԶɣȻȣǾƴɣ˭ɳĸǿ񺣵ӣ
˵öԣҶȲҪʼⳡսˣЩŵѪ⣬ǺȤоһµģǴЦţȻʶŮӵ֮УŮһС
ƵһĻҲڶϻɽţͬǣڶϻɽȴһ֮͡
һһ࣬ȫͷϴħߵվһСĺ֮ϣ£ĴŽʯ̵ˮ
ħ֮ǰɫ꣬˵ĶãƮƮĸڰУ·ûƵģΪڱΣȫǵȽţ˻ǵûȡ
˵ɫһĲ԰ףһ΢΢ǣһ£ȴ˷ֲЦڳ鴤ô˵ңȻҪؾ֮УɼԴҿΪҪ֮սô
ΪǧǶϻɽĵӣʮֵЩ̶
սģȥֻħ˵Щɬе˼ȴңġ
ٺ٣ûɣ⻰ĸңӶʸ˵ΨûУûⳡս֮ǰ㾺Фôںؾʱǿյһ鱨ϸгФóķ㣬룬ѵ鱨ǲṩأ֣
ħ仰Ȼһ£Ϊߵڵı飬ȴܸоΧ¶ԽüΪҪ˵˵ģ
ٺ٣ˣҾһ˵ôǣֻѾ͸鱨˰ɣǧЦ˵ЦݣŲ԰׵ȴֲζ
ңչʯ鲢ʲôܣʯ;Զ׼Ȼ֮ǰϻɽֻǲ²⣬Ҳ߰˷ְգҵȵң׼ؾʱǱֱӸܵؾŵܾݴжϳңνؾйģǶ


1086 Ŷݼ׵
ħӳĬһ˵Ϊ˸֪һңĶţų̶ȣԶҶˮͮΪֻаɣ⣬֮ܳɳöϻɽͷ۵ĵزǧ֮ܳɳҡϻɽĵزϣΣӦҲںؾôӦ
˵һ˦˦һöɵ˻ǧϡ
ǧ촽ԵһɨݣӳıͶӰЦ˵ңˣΪߣ츳ĵӶؾҲɳˣ
ңıƼˣҪƸۣˮһսˡһϻɽӸŸ͵
ʱħȴһߣǵңľɵӣȻгϣȴֳֻʵѣʵҲ֪ҪҸǲҪСǱȻḶʹĴۣ϶дϣԼŰɣֻ˵ҵĳУǲصм٣
ȻģֵġƷǺģǧҧסˡƷ֣ȻǿƷУٵϣǰ̫Ұģݲ±вǰ̣Բص١
˵ǧͻȻʲôϷһ˿ζЦݣ˵֣ƺңĲôܵżλֳܵвֱӹ鸽ǶϻɽɣǶϻɽо綼Ƕģǻ㹻ĴۣΪԿ츳һ¥
ϻ࣡ħ˵ǧɫһŭʱħȫͻȻ׵ȼһͻһܻ棬Щ棬Ǵħڷģ¶ȸߵò˼飬׾ͽħӳճ˻ҽ
һħµźǧҡҡͷСİÿζǱǰһ׽ԷٻΪҽκκۼ¡
ǧߵĵӽӹ˵ȻҪһˣܱң֣ܱ֮˭š
šǶȷʵݣֻǸյ鱨Ͷ²ǰ񣬾ǲǣκ֤ݶûС
ٺ٣Ǵ˵ģΣǶȴزסټṩ鱨ϸ̶ȣҲһܹյģ˭˻δĿĲֶΣϧԼţ
ߣô鱨ʲôңںؾܴ֮죬Ҳֻʵ䵽ϵȵİƷţ߽԰ûʲôӰ죬ĿֻǳΪңǾƷʥػǰƷţΪԵò̫ҪˣѡΪŵС䣿ǳΪһеŵ
ǧһ䷴ʣǵӵͷˬһ㣬
ϻɽ۵ʱңһصıչ֮УŵİȻ˫ۡ
ߣһ̽ҵݣѾȫ϶˭һǰ׷Ļץסҵİѱвңϧǲҵκ֤ݣЩҲ֮ǰܲ˺ĺĳףһϢһߣ٣Щܱ׽Ҳûκ֤ݱǸʲôϵΪǸңɳȥģַҲң޹ء
ţ𣬡·㲻ߣ㴳ңʱҲҶ㣬ƫƫҪȥμŵսսۣҾܹ֮˭
뵽һ˿ЦݣûеһʱչؾǼ˫ۣʼһսΧ˹㷺ȻѪɺӣ뱣ֺԼ״̬ûпؾ֮У
ڰ鱨ʵûгңֻǵҾ֮лϣСȻϻɽôûõĻ񲻽صĵطһѣɱ
ȻĸСټһ󾳽磬ǲҵģϾܳɳزȻӲúܣȥ˵亦ң߲̬ȣҲðĴɵǡ
ڰչʱҲڱչ֮УչصĵطȻңеؾռ䡣
ƬռеǻԭҰﻨ㣬ͷȴǺ嫵ǿգңԶǳ˾ͬޱ޼ʵ֮ƯһɫԭҰ
ǰһŵɫâǻƯţȻرȲɽƬռûȻ
αչΪ˿Ŷݼ׵šš
λںģܷ֮ķһΣʵԿŵķǱķ
ǾԼĹ֮УĹͷȼƷʥҪ͡
ǣĿʵķԾ
ټֲĻָվŲͬߴЩ˶
Ľܷѩһ㾲ϣĽܷѩߣһˣ΢ףѾԿ˲µĺۼȻܴϿգ˱ĽܷѩĹùĽˮ졣
ǣһƴḶ́ؾ͵õǣôʱ䣬Ҳֻеһ裬ǱȴûҪյ̫ˡ
Ǹ費һôһǣ˶̲ȥǣֻеľ
̫ŲΪԶޣѾȥ˲֪꣬ĹͷҲһܹġ
Ҫеľ̸ף
ƫƫּù⣬ϹŷóʯΣοˡ
ûлʯĸֻܿĽܷѩ÷֮һһǾЧʼͣڲͬˣĽˮڣʵǰ벽ȻʯϹŷ峤Ҫǿ
Ľˮվ֮ǰµĴһĿһĿ벻ĻԵܱһǣκҸ׵ĻˣܷʥؾͲǰ³ˡ
΢΢һ˵鷳Ľǰˣǳл
֪ҪǾһ򵥵飬ҪĲپԪһСĶ¡
Ľˮڰ֣˵лͲˣû㣬ѩڶҪ˯ħ֮УµˣŵģȶԣΪһʲôպܷʥأĽҵĴˣ飬һӻϵģ浽ǸʱҲҪҵˡ
Ľˮ˵һӣһĴ󶦴ֽзɳԽԽ󣬴󶦷һǿǣǷԽԽСǱⶦȥˡ
һԿУȻһıҲһĴڡ


1087 
Ľˮ֮󣬱һִʮӡתۼ䣬ڵĿռ䱻뿪ˡһĿռϱϱ֮ϣ·תͬˮһ㡣
ϵãʱ䷨·ĽˮһռΪ˿ʱ䷨ʱţƵʱٱȴһȼʮӡ
һ죬һ¡
˿Ǿ֮ǰĻҪһЩĽˮҲҪ൱ʱ䡣
ʱ㲻øʱ⾳ڴŵõĲֻ࣬żʹá
ҪΪһʱٲӳʮʱٵĿռУȥһͻʮ꣬ûʲô壬ķտռУַҲΪʱٵĲһ΢Ťʱ仹УǳʱŤĻûʲôô
ĽˮǵͬʱĽܷѩ˵֮ǰ˵Ԫϵϵìܵģɽ׶θˣ˫УյһǣŶݼ׵֮ƾɵѶҪһ
֪
šһаɳɽֻҲû취һ꣬ҹ֮һѾǼˣʣ֮һҩΪ㿪ŶݼѿҲźš
ͷ˽̵ĸоǺãԼˣ뵱ԼӴʱһָϸⷨ˫ɽ׶εĿֲѶȵĻ˵Ͳᷨ˫ˡ
û˽̣һλţˣ϶·
ϸˣһ㡶Ե䡷Ŀھһȫµ巨ȻԵ䡷漰أ裩Ŷݼס󾳽巨ƻڰŶݼϣǰϰġҪ౶׷ǵүүؾѰħʱһֵģѡ˫޵·ҲΪ巨һûнԵ䡷ȫᣬѾ٣ȫʧûԿ̡Ե䡷ʱֻܽһ֣ҪȡءԵ䡷ܸ֪㡣
Ľܷѩ˵һԵ䡷ȻǸħһֵģĽܷѩ˵ħؾʮΣܷʥص˸û֪û뵽вħСԵ䡷֪֮ʲôϵ
ûüϸ룬ĽܷѩѾʼԵ䡷ĿھˣĽܷѩǰһЩԪĽܷѩ֮γַĺͼЩ̺˷Ǳתʽһ״й̺ݲǼھܺǵģ̫̫ĶɣҪԿȲѡ
Ľܷѩģʼתһʱ䣬ֻǳԵ䡷ʱĽˮµĿռϱڱˡ
һݵĽˮ˳Ȼ˲Сģߣһıתţ䡣
ǻŵģôҲǰ벽ܹɱģŹǣȻĲС
ˡ
Ľˮ쵭˵һ䣬һӣȻ򿪣һʯһӶзɳţЩʯһƬдС߸ߵ͵֮ͣаع켣תǳ
һһ˿ţ
ϸ㣬Ľˮһʱ֮һ죬һ˿顣
顣ǿߡʵǿޣ֮󣬱ӣʵԽǿԽ࣬ƷҲԽߣһǣƳһ˿ӣպˡ
Ľˮ˵ţһ˿ȫһȫ֣ޱȣʮֹ⻬ܶȼȻŨ
ѩùѾˣҪȥһ£ʣµľͽˡ
Ľˮ˵꣬һ㴩ңĶʱգ뿪⴦ؾռ䡣
Ľܷѩһӣߵһ˿ȡ֮һҲʮ˵㰴աԵ䡷Ŀھ˹ҽ塣
԰գĽܷѩƽ죬սע֮Уһ˲䣬㱬ޱǿѼٶȷȥǵķĿ꣬
ʮ׼ϵʮѨ
Ҫ壬ķ̷ֱӴ֮У
˳صĽܷѩս룬Ǵ͸֪ķ֮ǰȴʵǲ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬Һһֱӱ޴ĳõɳȥȫʮʹһ𱬷뼡⣬ƽĤǶ˹֮У
һ˲䣬ȫѪѨ˺ѣۣؽѣʹϣȫʧȥж
ȻôշǰҲ˵һ¡
ЩȫڵϣĸܵԼѪ˿ĸоȫָܶһ£ȻĽܷѩѡʮѨнһضȫʹӡ
ĽܷѩҪһʱˣҪǾܲף֮ѪףһµʱҲӦˣֻǽضʹĤȴõģڿԼתԵ䡷º󣬴ȫ֮󣬱Ծƿš
Ľܷѩ˵꣬ʱ䷨γһռ䣬ʮһʱ٣ֻҪʱ䣬ͿȬ
ȫʹʹΪ屻򴩲еģΪǶĹ໥໥ɶɵġ
ҪĹͷĹͷҲǣʵʹ裬ΪսĹ֮Уϰ˳ʹ࣬ټ־ᶨܲס
ѪһֱûֹסֱĽܷѩΪʮ˿ҩֹۣѪ˿ȴûаϵƣԽԽء
ĻָǹǶϽ۵ˣҲòһʱȬڣǶ棬Ĺ⣬ǾͲǶʱˣһ㣬Ǿͻһ㣬
ǱˮôڵѪܽصˮһһĥѶ֮󣬿֪ˡ
ǣѪǽѪ˹ǡѪΪںǵľӵѶȵȻ
һ졢졢졭ʮ졢ʮ졢ʮ졭
һֱʹļ尾һʼҲʹȥܳʹǲ٣ʮҹͣʹ־ǿҲӽˡ
ϵתԵ䡷߶ȼУȫ𽥻˿ڣģûôʹˡ
ʮʱо˿ڵʹתΪ顣
ʮ죬жʧˣȫˬǵҲһǧȥĪ˵һ£ǲʮܳɡ


1088 뿪
תԵ䡷ʱоȫӿ·ԡȪ֮С
ڵоȫЩϵʹĤϣѪӵֹգȫһȫǽھžž죬ǳ
оļ仯ʱƤһӲ
ʮ˿ڻûгϣЩطû֪Ȼǻûбգȴܲʹ˵ףʹһַӦﵽߵľܹ֮һ̶֧ԼԦʹࡣ
˵ʮʱȫ˿ѾõòˣʱоԼڵͻȻڻͨԼʮ˿ڷĳֹһ壬̲סһХ
ţ
ĽܷѩҲʶһǳŵľʱ
뾫֮ȫӿľŵڡ
һ̣оȫȫͨѪ⾫ͬϺˣһӿš

һը죬ĺĴѪֱըµʯֱӱʯ䡣
ȫһǽײͬһƳԶ
泩ĸоޱȳԳ
Ŷݼ׵šţڿ
ʱ꣬ԵĿ֮ٿŶݼ׵ţʱգѾλ֮䣬ָţλڼǣƽԡĶţλ˫ϥٶȵľţλ˫ȭţλڴԾ֮ԵĿţŶݼǰŵһţλںģܷľţҲȫ
šŲأȻҲڰŶݼףȴ൱ڰ󾳽磬ҪأһһϦ֮
ڡԵ䡷֮УҲгصİ취Ҫֵҩŵĳгŵļ
һҲٴʶ˫޵ļѣڣѾ֪˶ԴЩԴֶĳضޱݳޡ
ҲǵΪ˳磬Ǹʣ̸û
ûǣʹôһЩҩҲһܿţպأֻҪеĵǣȴϣãˣĽܷѩƿٳٲͻơ
˫ޣҲΪЩ
ĽܷѩؾʱŻһ£ô̵ʱ䣬㽫ʮ㣬Ҳܳƾɣɵʱ仹۲
ţҶͷʵֻҪԸ⣬ھͿԳɣȥɣÿһɶڵĵ
ÿһɶӦߵ۽綼ͬҪڶӦʱطԼĸϵĹ̡
ֻھɵʱ򣬲Ǳ죬ű䡣
Զ˵ͻƾ⣬űȵĲٶȣ档
ոտ֮廹ЩϾ˼ʮˣ޸ļ󣬺ţڻپԪûһʼͼǱ˼졣
֮Ѫ֧֣Ļָǳˣܿ죬״̬ʹﵽ۷塣
ڵںڰռ˫ۣĿգ˲ֱӡ
ļͬɽˮһȻԡˮ֮Ҫ壬ҲҪûϵԪɣˮͻȻļ㣬·ǴĲһһϴ裬ԡȫմˮ顣
ǵ伮صļ߾硪ν壬Ⱦˮ
ﵽߣԪ֮𽫽Ϩ𣬾˥ŻὥʧҲζϻˡ
֮ʱ䣬һֱң֮
Ե䡷֮Уһսˣʩչսʱȭǹʩչ
õȻǹˡ
Ե䡷ʱңزʮĹȻҲˡ
һڹ֮󣬵һֱ飬ʶЩѣĸо
ָо֮£ѣڼʶ״̬ԺûаȴߣԷӳƽʱʶѹƵǱ䡣
˼νȭԭ
֪ʹ֪־壬֪ǳƷ񲣬ڹؼʱ̣˲ǱֳܱԶƽʱٶȺ
ȴȭΪߵľǿ󣬸һ̳ƾܴߵģʮƣƫƫЧ
״̬ʩչԵ䡷ǹ֪ʱ䣬֪ƣȫܹȫѪӿͬϺһ㣬һ˸߹һˡ
䣡
Ʋϵۻϵǿĳһ̣ͻȻֻú¡һ죬һ̤˴أֲӷѪǹӿһ᳤գ
ֻԶı죬صײңǧĿռϱϣն̶ǧ綼΢ĶִĿĵƣˮ࣬һ㡣
ǿ
˿еķѪǹղһǹûжκ׻⾳ֻƾ
ʩչˣȻһĵϵĻһ
ӣ˵ףȴϼѣΪ߱һι֮óڶιһ˲һٵҲΪٶ̫죬Ĵһн֮󣬲ܷڶС
ʽ̫ˡ
Ե䡷ȴ߶ľԿƣӡ
һ㣬ޡ
ܵӣôԼʩչ׻⾳ʱ򣬻ϵԪϵԪܲܵӣ
ͻȻоԵ䡷ƺΪԼҿһµ˼·
Ҫ֪⻹ġԵ䡷ĽܷѩԼѧĲֻԭģġԵ䡷ȻҪ
ˣԵ䡷ħһֵ巨
뵽ȻʶʲôĽܷѩĽԵ䡷ʲôĹ
֪ĽܷѩҡͷƵķּĻֻԾԪϵģϵУҲ˵׼Ե䡷ļ𣬲巨ȷʵޱȣһϷ˫޵·ܴһԭˡԵ䡷ϧ⡶Ե䡷Ӧòֻ԰Ŷݼ׵ģȴû̫ˡ
ԭһĽܷѩڡԵ䡷Լʱʮ⣬һʼûʶԵ䡷ڣ룬ħһֵؼͨɫ
֮ӣһ׹ʱ򣬿ؾҲڵˡ
ңΪ׼ʯ
ң˵ؾɲǻԵΪѰǽһѪս


1089 
峿ĺһ㳿ң֮ϣѾƼһȺӣģǧˡ
ǧˣκؾ֮е
Щ˵Уųӣɺڵĵֻһٶˡ
ӻңŲõ¶ǵ츳ߣеĳҵĻһ㣬ҵĵӣңҲҪңĹأҪھ͵õңĴҪôֳױȵ츳Ҫôʵʵִ
ǧУÿ˶һʥֽ䣬ȥؾвɼԴá
һ棬һٶɺڵӣң״ӣҶˮͮ״еĺĴڣҲȻС
һҪʯĳʹͣĴ崫͵ӽؾҲ˼ʮʯѡ
ȻĴֻӣɵȥؾѰԵֻӷͶ룬ҪңԶĽܿЧ
ңȥɼԴ漰ŵδɲӣֻҪ٣ͶԽ࣬ԽȻܱˡ
ʯһٶ״ӾҪа˳ɵǧӣֻѡ
ȻһȺ˵УվڽΧӿĿⶼЩоµģкģʾõģҲһЩŵġ
ȻʮѶȵģؾȡȫ˵Ѿ״дˡ
ƺҲʮɣ
״УԪţʮͷҲǶʮӣעպһ·ͨͻһֱò䣬ҪһЩŮĹάഺ
䣬ΪѹƵĹѽһţǶ˵ΪѹƵԽԽǸ£ΪΪͣѶȸһ˸ֻЩǣΪ˹̸ӲѹΪڵ;ʱѷ򵽺ܸߡ
ɣս񺣳ڻǿһء
ǻ˵ʲô³֪ˡ
״Ƿ׷Ԫţʱǰһֳ꣬ȣһƵӣ·һҪȥĲսɽˮһ㡣
ʦܣû뵽ҲҪμⳡ֮սʦð˵ǰһ˵һ̾Ϣţʦţ֮ؾǱȻһ٣ڣЩΣյģϾβμӺؾս񺣺ǿߣʦĻ¡
˵û˵ȥͲͰʦֵˣĳȻһЩֶΡ
òˣΣգʦܿҪԼΪأܣϾʦܵǱȿԴҪˡ
˼䣬ֶһһգҪע⣬Ϊ֮ķϻȴòٵӺܸжϾ԰ݣͨ״Ӹ߳һ
˶ˣ׼жָӵıңĴϣȻҲָֻӴͶѣĺؾǽȥġ
ؾĴȫλںĺĺ¡
ǧӣ齢Ǳ뺣ˮ֮У󣬴ȡʯʵѾʯˣһöֵһʯʯôѳ˸߸ߵľɽһʱҫ۵Ϲ⴩͸ǧĺˮֱ졣
ھңǧ֮⣬һµ֮ϣһΪε󷨣ڶУԶɵϹ⡣
ˣǾȻʯĹâûΡ
ߣҲûã˴иӦܻ֪ǼȻȥˣҲȥȿԴʮʱ֮ȥǵԴɱ⡣
ҶȲˡ
ؾʱʮ˸ʱ֮ͻᱻͳսֻҪԤ˸ʱ㹻ˣ֮ǰʱԴ󻯡

ǺؾоؾЩͬ
Žһ޼ʵĺɫĮ濴ȥʮֻԪҲʮϡЩɳ֮УȻĿأ˵дصĵطԪӦޱȷḻǣ統漣оˡ
ܶһνؾĵӶдʣƺµʲô͵ûʲôֵģؾɳһɳԸԪ֪Ҳ޷͸ؾããɳ˵£ںؾѰҿûбĺð취һһڣײ侳ǿ߽Ҳˣ֪ʲôģʹΪʲôΪȡز𶼲󡣡
һ˵ٵӶһ£Ȼ֪¼ͽȥˣֻø֪̽ܣȴӰ졣
ˣϻ˵ˣǻѴ۽ԴģھͿʼɣҵģûɣ
˵俴ҶˮͮһۣڳУֻҶˮͮΪƣλҲ൱
ҶˮͮûзԵ˼Ȼ׼ԡ
΢΢һЦóһ֮ϣֳһЩģľƬɳĮͶӰ
һ£ǷһȣǣΧһɫƫɫɽվ飬ɫɽӦûʯɽģھЩ˾͹ˣΪ˱֤ЧʣǱ·ֿɼٲȥɽ˻ѰɳĮ
˵ţһָֻϵɳĮͶӰȻһɫɽ
Ҷˮͮ΢΢ü·Ǳʵͱȶϻɽ࣬Ҫֱ
Ҫ֤Чʣֻˣǧ˵Ķ飬չҡҲ̫ϳϵ˼֮ǰû˵Ϊ˱Ϣ©
˵ţֽȡһƣ˦Ҷˮͮ
Ҷˮͮӹ֪һɨȻᵽ̽˼ȷʵЧʣҲΣա
ҶʦˣǲŸսؾûüɼԴʱ򣬶ϻɽɥĲҲ̶Ƕֵģκζ֣˳ֺõǲοɽҲʮְȫؾеɳʯθ֪˵ˣֳֶɽĿԲκΣգһ˵ΣգҲܸȥ֧Ԯ
һ˵úټ̫ϳϵָڣҶˮͮҲö˵ʲôˡ
ôҿʼ֡
ǳĽֳ֣аԼڵռ˶󲿷ֵʵҰţƵˣҲ֮С
һĸӣǾˣвҶˮͮţ
ҶˮͮˣҲֵ֮С
ķ䷽ʱҶˮͮĲʲô˼ʵԱҲ̫˰ɣ


1090 ɽ
飬ʵռ˾ųɣֻһɣҶˮֶͮС
߲ڵŮӣǶҶˮͮţ֮⣬ֻˣǰɵΪʵѹ񺣳ڵƣļǶȴû֪
Ҷˮͮķ䷽ʽȻˡ
񲻶ɫĵѾ˵ˣҪȥĵطǿ󶴣λڵ£ҲһЩ֪λΣΣգ෴ڴɳĮУƺƵǧˣĿó棬ϻɽֻҪϹӣܷǣѵҰ󶴣ǼɳĮοȥҲֻʱģǿж฻ģʮʱ֮ҲǻϣӭӽĴս˸ʱϻɽȻǳ֣
һ˵ǺҶˮͮԥһ£ƽĶۣȷʵȫܶ࣬Ҫ̫֣˭ϰԼŵùˣѲԼϵɵһߣҲ֮顣
Ҷˮͮԥһ£˵ãҿͬ⣬ǣҪһҶˮͮȻԸһЩҲǸƽˣȻҲᵺ֮λҲ£һЩŮţɳȥˣҶˮͮˣȻҪЩһˡ
ţ΢΢üҶʦãһ£ָⳡսǵõ̫ϳϵ⣬˵Ļڸ㣡ļҪ󶴣ҿԴӦ㣬ǽһΣ´ٶҵɣΥã
ҶˮͮȴҲӣλ൱Ȼ°
ˣһ·ֻɱ˳ȴϸȥҲˡ
תһɲǣĿһ˿΢ɲ֮ɫҶˮͮһ·ȻΪϧ񣬸ǴҶˮͮɫȻҶˮͮ츳ڵŮӣ񲻽ȢΪޣΪˣǰҲ֪ҶˮͮȻƽʱľģȴһɰǲµˣôԼȻԼΪ˾עǵˣҪҶˮ֣ͮ
ؾȴǳҶˮͮʱ򣬰ɲָԼṩһ鱨ͶϻɽԼ飬˸ʱȻҪһսҶˮͮһôսֻࡣ
Ҳգؾн㣬ȥɡţĵ˵ӵ˸ڵӸɿ״ӲҪɼԴˣڿʼļʮʱȻϻɽ˶벻֣ҲòţϾؾлкľħ
´֮󣬱ŵ뿪ҶˮͮҲŵɽ
ʹõͶӰ̼ΪƲ̣ʵۼ䰺󣬿ͶӰﷶΧľҶˮͮǷ֮󣬹ȻһɫɽɽĲȻһӡ
ɽӵпӵɽҼӰѾɼԴȻҪţҲǲɼĶٶ۹ͣĲƸܴﵽǲɼԴֵܼİٷ֮
ҶˮͮڹʿˣȻӵɽʯĸνĿʵɽеԪ̫ḻ۵һ̶Ȼ緢γɵģɽһ
Сĵ㣬״Ƚȥ̽һ·ֿ֮񺣺ΪҶˮͮȻͳ˶ˡ
зֿ֧Сӣܹˣ״ֻʮ֮⣬ĶҶˮͮš
ʦܣФʦáʦáʦ澯䣬Ҵȥ档
ҶˮͮԼ֮⣬ǿ˾ˣ棬ҲӦ
šá
νĵͷȥ֮̽·ȻΣһ㣬ȻǲںҶˮͮܰ棬еǳģϾҶˮͮʵֻ֪ģؾʮѶȶѡ
һУ񺣳ڣһǾɣǶҶˮͮţҶˮͮǱȰһصģϾһŮӣ£İҲŮԾӶ࣬ټԸԭɷ棬˦ȥԶ
ʦܣҽФˮBߵŮգգ۾μΪ˫طӯβ̣ͦһֳٸ̺ڹ
ȻֻǸ˳ĲФˮBʵ䲻ʮ꣬δ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ФˮBߣʦþԵˣĳҲԵüΪɬ˵ΨһһΪֻоɵߡ
ţң״УҲֻռĳɣ൱һֵڰɳɾ񺣡
ƾһ㣬ʦþҪߵġʦܡöˣʦֻǰ񺣳ڣս˻δ˭˭ء
һ㿴Զ˵ɫ̳ԽԽŨ𽥵ǵأӿ
ˣɳɸγɵĿֲɳǿ˺ѿͬвһ㣬ͿǷˣΪʽȥֱӾͻᱻ÷ǡ
ɳؾе飬ʦܲؽţǺǡФˮBЦĽţ˵ڿҪҸˣɳĮ˾ͲˣҪԼԪ֣סĿ磬Ҫ๤
ФˮB˵ţڿ֮дҶˮͮûΣˣҿԽˡ
ٶѭ֮ȥԶĺɫ籩ǵѹǺܴģȻ˵ΪҲ̶ֳȵķ籩˭ܿ϶籩ûΣأ
󶴣̸оһƬɫ磬Ϲ⣬ǺĳҲβס
ߣ⸻ĵʯʼ˫۷Ź⣬ǴСʱôƸ
ʼɣҶˮͮһ£һӵϣɽеʯɲһʯӲ𾫣Ҳܲסɫ籩ĿʴˣߣҪһʯҲҪķѲС
ңӿɵȻʱǧ֮⣬ͬһȺںɫɳĮ֮вɼԴЩһ׳ͷ߹ʵĽǣˡ
šԼźţǸȻϢˣλǰǧһɽУһʮ״ӣмٸʵĿ󹤣˵ǣҶˮͮҲ档
ҶˮͮС椵ǲңŲõɣ
ӦģѾǵһγ޵е鱨ˡ
ٺ٣һţһҶˮͮ׬ˣҶˮͮ˵ǸļһҲдıܳɳǵȵزûлԵ
ɼһЩһ£ǾͳɣѾȲˣ


1091 籩еĵϮ
ɽ֮Уһ鵭ɫʯʯ۵гһɫƬʮֲۡ
һץͰɫƬץУƬȻȥʮֹ׾ø֪̽飬ȴܸܵɭɭĺ⡣
ʲô
΢΢һоһƬû뵽ôԶʱƬϻдһ˿
ǾƷƬʱԺĽܷѩ
ؾ֮ڿռϱڣʵԽǿĴڣԽѴ͸ϱڣսܺ⻯Ҳ⣬ǣħħռеĶȴơ
ؾħͳͨĴУܴ½ʱ򣬻Ԫôܴ½ڵλ˱֮⣬κΪ񺣵߶޷ܴ½ǻԪµĴı
ħȻĽܷѩУõ
һ㣬ҲֻħؾԼˡ
ĽܷѩöƬø֪̽һ˵ƬѾ˲֪ˣַܱâΪʯУԪ󣬷͸ˡ
ƷƬǲ֪ʲôʵܴЩؾ꾿ʲô飿
ҲؾװʲôܣҲһЩδ硣
ؾĴڣ˵һգĽܷѩҲ֪յס
Ƭʲôãʵ
òɶʦһһƷʥһԻʥȡĻһϹžƷƬΪ̺˵ıԴѪԱˡ
Ľܷѩһ˵ԼʱڷʥȺȡƷʥһǷѪǹһΪʥ־Ļ⻤ȴħˡ
룬һöҲӦΪĽܷѩĳ׾һЩ̵ãؾʱĽܷѩδᴿе辫ΪԼá
ƷƬһӣȻĽܷѩѾҲûʲôоˣϾʦҲҡ
˵еĶûʲôֵĵģʯĻڣʮڲֳֵ
ڿ֮УӲͣĿɣھ򣬴ʯװֽС
˵ʮʮҹ˯е룬ɼʯĹȴĲСΪʯ̫ӲˣЩԪĵúܿ죬ò̷ͣҩ
״ȴûôɻǶ񣬵ȴſʱĴս
ȷʵλʮΣЩ죬˵ϻɽĵϮˣһľħûУűĺɫɳԿҲûʲôӰ졣
ԭһΪ̫ˣΣձڿȴ׬ˣⶼˣʲô¶ûУһֱ˳˳ڿԴҵֽ䶼װһˣ治ʯмֵߵȻ۵øһȥܷ֮ҵĲҾ˷ˡ
еһ۵ͷ󺹣ȴ¸ǣԭҶˮͮ˵Ż᷵ٷ֮ջǻ֪ʲôڿֽʯǲʶ⵽һʶĲƸ
ÿ˶ܲɼǧʯպ󷵵Դﵽһ򣬶С˵һʾ޿ˡ
ÿ˲ɼǧʯǧӣܲɼһǧڵĲƸңĳɱֻڣֵԵĳɱǶŴ״ӵƸ۵һսˡ
ţͻȻ۾кâһתͷ֮⣬ڿ棬ſֲĺɫɳ˵۾ˣ֪̽鲻˶ԶΪؾѪɰθ֪Ѫɰʱ򣬸֪͸ȥľ롣
Ϯ
վĶ͵Ϯȷʵ֪˭̽鲻ͺñȷ˽սڴһ㡣
ǹؼǣɳУԼֲ˵ˣҲӦֲͬԼǣô̽鵽Լټοǻڽһ֪Ŀ֮У
ѵǡͽ
뵽һ˿վߵҶˮͮߵ˼䣬ûԪߵĶͼãڡĲɿֳҲú
Ҷˮͮߵļ״Ӷʱסˡ
ʦ˵ʲôе͵ϮǣȷҶˮͮ˼Ŀ֪ӣֻԶͻᱻѪɰ赲ֻܿɺһƬ֮ʲô̽鲻
⡭
ҶˮͮЩţΪ񺣺ڣֻǰɣ֪̽ԶǿţܱԼǿ
ȻҶˮͮҲԼԼĸܵһЩӵʱܹע⵽Ŀķâν硱ˣ־ս֣֪Ǹս޹صġ
һ˵ԼǿһҲûãӵĻзֵϮҪԼǿʮʮУ
Ҷˮͮɻڳ״ҲһɵĿ
΢΢üҲ֪ԼĻ˵޷ͣȷʵǿҶˮܸͮܲԼһռ䣬мľһǰ벽ǿߵɣĽܷѩǿֲ˵ںɰ籩иŰ룬Ҳ׾ٵķ֡
ʦܣôֵģЦɲҿŪˣǴóȻȥأϮûȵܱ¶λã鷳Ľܷѩ֮ǰʦ˵
ǰʦܣܵ˵ɰɣ˵㿿ֵ֪ġʦܵԱߣһŮ˵
Ѿѹǣô֪ģǸܸǣҲңӣѾˣҲû취ȳȥˣдţֻᱻ˹Ŵ򹷡
˵ţҪȥޱȵĿĽ࣬ԷѹУôһյĻըֻᱶ³֪
ȵȣʦܣĻҶˮͮͻȻ˵ţԵ̫࣬ʲôֶΣҲܽܣԥһ£ûзԣһ˵ȻҶʦҲô˵ǹôΪˡǸϽ룬ң֪ͨʦֹ֧ԮɣԸǲҪЦ
Ǹ˵ʱ򣬱鲻ȻȻЦ˵ľȳ棬вСܷ顣
ĻǷһ˿ЦѰ֧Ԯ
ǵһ㶣ЦݣЩڡ㡭ЦʲôѵôǲôˣԷҳ;Ϯʵǿö࣬Ѱ֧ԮѵܸǴ򣿡


1092 ɳ
ԭңͶϻɽʱûеңǿϾȲ֣ЩںؾеҲԲҰܾӶ࣬οɽӵĵӸ˶ϡ٣ֻʮ״ӣΪձƫͣϮ뵽ǳ˺Ѱ֧ԮҲ֮顣
Բٵ˵Ը֪ˣʱ׷ԮϢӳЦǷলľԱҲԸͶϻɽЩ֮ͽ
֮ǰ˵ǵΪЦʮֲˬҲʲôҶˮͮȴü΢·뵽ʲô顣
ֽ˷ѪǹҲ֮ɢİĿУĿĿ˸ɫâһ˵ѹ
ǵλΣ滹źɳ籩ǶϻɽĶӳ᲻ѡڸ֪̽ΧѰǵټ
ĻǵȻһ㶣ˣڿ󶼱࣬˵ȥѰսˣǲҲôҸŵǣǾȻһӾҵǵλãԲɺϡ
㡭ʲô˼
ʲô˼򵥡һ¼磬ֶ˸ǹǻǱ˳ˡ
ʲôһȫԾ
˭ǣ
Ѳ˵ǰʦ֣⡭ⲻܣ֮ǰ˵ĵ˲ɴ۾ҲɵֹϢӣټеǱ֮⣬ǽìͷָ˰
ʦôܳǣ˵
԰ʲôôֻңս
˵ɰͽڳӶˣ
ûһԸŰˣжŰƷʱ򣬰ǵľݣҪǣôʮ˽Ԯľأ
ǵʵҶˮ֮ͮ⣬Ҳֻȥʮˣս޵úܣ԰ĳԼڵĶϻɽǻȥĿã˾
ûԸԼϣնǱʶǾͲԸƲġ
ʱȻûЩӴĲģֻ˵ԷѾʮڷ籩нٶȻһЩҲò˰ʱͻϵ֮⣬ҲʱǾ֮ҾͲˡ
˵Щ񺣳ڵĵӶЩˡ
ô죬ԮϢ
Ҳ֪һǲŰʦֳǣȻ˵Ҳеǰʦּңô꣬ңĵϵӣֻǸңĵӣ㣬Ÿʦ֣
ʲô˼˵ǵʵ
ҿûô˵
ǵĸʲô˵ûеأûղ˵ôʮأںɳ籩еİʮʲôôԶľ룬صֶ̽Ҳδ̽׼ȷһҲǿܵġ
ʮ״ӻŵȹϵϣԪ׷ۣ˵ĶȻӣԪٶȺܿ죬Ϣʱ䡣
һѾóң׼ԮϢˡ
ʱͻȻһǵеңһֻذ׵ֶˡ
ҶҶʦ㡭ǵӿҶˮͮһڿˮһĲ֮ɫ
ˣҶˮͮ䵭˵ңԺл𵱳ڳϻϰ˵ǣأֻû뵽˷񣬾Ȼϻɽ年ᣬҪڵʮ״Ϊ֮ᣡ
뵽֮ǰ˵ķҶˮͮӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ֲӣΪһãҵˣȴҪ켺ͬʱЩ˳ȥҲΪĻɣֻһǸͲͨ湻ݵģ
ҶˮͮԺЩͷЩȴûֱ˵ֻǳ˵Ǹ
Ҷʦ㣬ҲɰʦֳǡһӾ㵵۴ϣǴ˲ԸԼıϣǶԸǸһֱƺΪʦ֣һֱ˻Ͼ·
ϻ˵Ҷˮͮ䣬һ˫֮˸ɭɱ
֮Ҷˮͮûоʧ룬Ҳûȥ߰ôôôܱʦţ¶һɱ⡣
ҶˮͮһۣĿЩȣûж˵ʲôֻԹԵӵĳڡ
ţӣҵʥֽУ
ҶˮͮӷЩڼҵսп˵ǺԱֽܹ֮õıǣǰǽҶˮͮ£һҶˮͮɱʥֽ䱻飬ôΪȻǿܳܿռѵĴȴҲҪˣ塢ϻɽһȺǵ³֪ˡѾսȵزɲ飬ζԷĵӻųɳ
ЩӽҶˮֽͮʱ򣬶㷲ûˣֻܵȴ˵УʥֽȻսʵǵ˵ȴһ޴ļ尾Ϳ飬Ū淢ʲôֻձĵȴ
ʦܡ㵽״ô졭
ʻķФˮBʱǳȴһ԰ףһЩ˵ֱͶϻɽΧɱʵѹ̫ˡ
ȳȥںɳбܿǵĸ֪ѡʵĽܷѩĸ֪ȫԽźɳ籩ڻƹЩ˵Χɱ˳ܡ
սҪ򣬶ؾоΪɱģսĥԼķ򣬳Ϊһֱ׽ԲǾʧȥ塣
ȫ֮󣬶ʣʮˡ
ߵڣ͵ĺɫɳ޾Ʊգĩհ龰
ɳٶȶѾ٣ɰи
׺ɳһͬ⵶и棬̶֮
ˣջظֻ֪ҪֳһСϾˡ
Ԫ´Щ˵ĸ֪óȻ̽ȥױԷǿûĽܷѩı£֪̽ԷöԷȫ֪
⡭ЩӶһۣԥ֮ɫɳǸ֪ҲԶǿ۾ĻܼȲһɾ룬ĳϹˣǴأҲˡ
Ҷˮͮ˵Щֻˡ
Ҳ⣬ϾһˣҲҶˮͮԼЩ⡣
˵꣬һͷããɳ֮УɳĻԪϣΪɫĳһ
ڳ״˵ںɳ籩двѣɸ
ʮ˸ɳҴУػۡ
·ȫͷԣҲǷڹŪĻɣǶʱҲֻˣ֮ѡ


1093 
˼ʮϢʱ䣬ңڶһҵĺ棬ˣ𶯣
ǡʲô
¶֮ɫҲϰڵɳ֮Ϲ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ǻʹùô
ͻȻʲôʵؾʱϹ״Ӳµ£͵սӲϾģ͸òˣǾ͸Ľܷѩˡ
ңܹ󷨣ܱҲһ
Ͼεĵ˲٣սУ𵽵ᱻһЩ
ᡣ
ҶˮͮͷʮӻˣƽʱҲٹ󷨡
ãվλã֪ҵһ𷢳󷨹
ã
ʮңǱʯ֮ĶӵĻ£ϻɽǲᷢģһңɢܵĻ׷û׷ɳ֮͸Ҳˡ
ǱȻȵɳ֮ͣŶ֡
ʱھңԶĵطһȺڶȫѪɳ֮УǿΪ֮ɳɳܰסˡ
ЩˣǶϻɽĵӣ಻ԶĵҲǱһʮ˵ӣӵĺȻһ񺣺ڸ֡
ٺ٣Ǹˣҷ·ŵζˣҶˮͮһڴأ
ΣͶϻɽһ񺣺ڵĵɱǶȻΪ˶ԸҶˮͮģǶһһ͵ϮռˣսĽ֪ˡ
֪鱨ɿɿɡ
ᣡж֮ǰץһֻɳ棬ȡԺпĳ䣬ȷʵʮ״·ȥɽķ򣬴ˣʮӣϵ⣬οڰӻǧ֮⣬ôǣаɫ˵
ϻɽ˲ò̾Ϊͨܶȡɳļ䣬ֶ̽˷ʤȻҲоޣֻ׼Ŀ·ĵطĿһֻɳȥ׷ٵĻǻᱻַɳĸ֪
ɳôͣҶȲˣ񺣺ߴ˴֣壬ֺͿڸ֮вʣǵĵУŮӴӶ֣ҶˮͮļƷǲˡ
ļؾеɳйɣÿζ̫ãʱӦÿͣˡڶϻɽߣһͬ񺣺ڵĺڶߴٺ٣˵ȻܻɱҶˮͮסΪɲף˵㲻Ҫ̫ϣˣʬȤ
ߣʣʬѾʧҲκȤֻǶϻɽЩһŻʬ͹ޱԣ㲻ҲˣҶȻа취ôˣ͵ϮֵοһһЩѹ׵ֶΣ
񺣺ʮŵ˵
ٺ٣ûȤ㳳죬ֻҪ̫ʱ䣬һ籩ͣôǵĹʱֻӣǾҪϹȥ֧Ԯӣңܹǰʼǧ˵Ĺģ϶ջ񼫴󡣡
ʵĿ̫ضزס
񺣺߱˴˽ʱɳ𽥼ĺɳγɿֲɳ꣬ƱգǷֱӾͱˡ
ע⣬ɳҪͣˣ
ڣս׼һҪȫ֣
Щ۷Ź⣬ǿֱһȺĿŮӲٵģŮӽĹ̲˫ޣҲвɲǽС򡱡
츳õŮӹǡ򡱵ĻǶʵֻһ
еɳԽԽϡ裬Ѿ½ѾĿʮ֮Ŀˣ
ʮ룬Щңɳ޷ǣһɳͣ£˵ʮͲ룬һգ۵ʱ䣬ǵĹܺʮ
֣
ͶϻɽĶӳͬʱһȣһʮߴӺɳ֮˳һ˲䣬ֹĹâ
ǵսۣЩǻѾõһ
һܷӳЧֵĴԽأӮþԽȣˣǶ㾡ȫ͸֧
䣡
һ˲䣬ضɽҡеĹ˿֮Уڿﱬըܱտռ䣬ֻñըǿɽͨӲ˼ĳ̶ȣôֵĹ֮£Ҳˣ
⣡
Ҷˮͮ״ͬʱɴ˫ۣͶϻɽ׵Ĺһ


1094 ɱ
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ɽ飬ʯըƷɣɢ䣬ǿĳ޾ɳͬĩհ龰ңĵôҲû뵽λ֮⣬Ͷϻɽ籩һͣǾͷѸײڶĹ
ɽĿ³еĻ룡
˲䷴ӦſԪҲȻ˲أڵһ״ӣҲ룬ʣģҲȻˣԼĵˣϵ⣬׸
Ҷˮͮ˼ĿѾ㵵Ըӣɳߵĸ֪ǸԶȴѡԶĵطȻޱȾ׼˵˵λãһ˿һѵõµ˶ֵĴ㣬Ͷϻɽڵɳһɲǳ֣Ҳڵȴʱ̣
Էʽϣʱ
֣㾡ȫ
䣬һ̣ңްɣȫ͸֧ս󷨹ȻԶԼǿ󣬵ռȻصߣȻĴǣ磡
һ˲䣬ĽⷢңϰľϵЩһ磬裬ҫߣ
ңӷͬʱҲȫƱа֮£ͬʱü֮䣬һĿĹâȻȼȫĹŷ֮Ѫ
ŷ֮ѪȼյͬʱоԼȫѪҺ趼ڷڣžžĹǽڱһƬ߿ֱ
ڵĲ֮Ѫŷ֮Ѫ
飡
һ˲䣬Ԫ۵һͬһâ貵ʢ
һں˻ϵȡ봴⾳ɱС裡
ڻвԴʽϵ⾳ǰںϵĳɾ֣
ǧնʱһʹãս˳սƣǵڶʹã
״̬µ裬սƶֱӿģ
һǹ̳ĿĻɫƬգ춯ص쳹أѪǹ£޴Ӱʢ
һ̣ҶˮͮߣĹȫˣʲôҲ̫̬˰ɣƾһ˵ĹͱȳԼ֮ʮɵսǿ

̫ˣ˲˰ɡɽϻɽſĴЦ
Ǿ̫ϧˣЩŮӣǹҲľ¯߻˵һ룬ȴһҭסˣȻתͷֲֻᴩأ˺ģһƲɵƣֱ֮ɳ̳γһ޴ĺ蹵
ʲô
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Ͷϻɽĵɫ䣬û뵽ʱͻȻ͵Ϯҹ˿ֲ

񺣺ӴȵȻһȵͬʱͶϻɽĵȴɵˣҲȴ֣ǻԪڸղŵĹһӺľȴҪʱ䣡
ʽϣһʱ̣ʱǳݣȴֹУǳ߷֣㾡ȫƴʱ򣬶ȫһ֮󣬾ɱҲٻԷ鷳㹻ʱ仺塣
㾡ȫһ״գں޷Զֵȫһǽ֪
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Ʋɵĺâͬ׹أֲıըһУһ̣ؾڵ綼ˣ
ͶϻɽһĵӲҺ񺣳ڵĵֱӱը÷ǣߣҲˣҪ֪֮п̺ҶˮֵͮĹ
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ңۿһιȻȡЧʮˣͶϻɽʮ˴˲أЩš
һ֣ȫɱ
Լͬʱ׹Ӱһȵĳȥ
ľ룬˵̫ˣ
Ҷˮͮȫ֪ʲôַ̽ô׼ȷټղǿֲĹǳ׷
Ҳ׷׸ϣʱһֻʷǰǰҲԥĳȥɱһ
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Ӷбŭۿһһǳǵŭɽһ緢
Űɣ
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ӣ˲뵽֣ҲǴеҪĿꡣ
ԭãʿ񺣺ӴһһǼףȫֳһڰ׹Ǿ޽һնɱ
ͬʱϻɽҲ˹еʮرһӰᦣӰᦴʱ󣬰Ĺ֮Щһ𣬻һֻ޴Ĺצץ
ͬһʱ̣񺣺ǿߵĹ
񺣺ǿߵ츳ȻȲϹŷĶӣҲľɼ𣬾һš
Ҳ˵ֹ񺣺ǿߣ񺣺ţ
ʦܣСģ
ҶˮͮȻԸӣҲ´¡
ͶϻɽӵĹʱһ޵ĺʢ
ɿռ䣡
Ľܷѩ̵似֮£ĺɿռʹãҲҪֹ˼ɡ
չĺɿռͬһֻһеĻĹžޣӭֵĹ
񺣺ӷİ׹ǽɿռȻ£γɵĹУֵôֿܵɷ֮ڶϻɽӰںɿռ֮лҷ
ֵĹǰʱֻʣһ벻ֳַѪǹһǹɨ
磡
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óϻɽӵķʽ귨ΪԼƵġ
׷磡
Ѫǹϵâ˸ͬ׽֮һǹϻɽӴ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫
ϻɽۿҪԼأȫŨŨĺӰȻӳһֻɫħûʹͬʱȻʹ깥
Ȼ֮ͱƣ깥ǰһЦ
ķѪǹ޷˵ֱȥ
ҵıըը죬ϯȥϻɽֱӱһǹɣԪҵļͷϵĶҶƷɣ¶һޱȲ԰׵һɺѪ˿ȻͬѵĺɫСߡ


1095 յдɱ
㡭ô
ϻɽ񺣺ڸ¶־֮ɫĿ˲ΪֱӹΪԼ깥󱻷ɣǿ㤣ͨ귨ǰһЦˡ

ҶˮͮϵߣΪղ㾡ȫĹΪΧһ˲ĽţҶˮͮɫ죬ؾҵš
ŶϻɽӣһڿˮһһˣһøѪǶǸŵ״ӣɲһ񺣺ܹġ
ҶˮͮңҲϵһϻɽǵѪ˿۾֮ǰ׼ȷ̽ǳһ裬ֻ̽̽飬ߵ磬ʵڵһλֻʵǿ۷ġ
һͬʱ˶ϻɽ֣Ĵǣ
һӮ
ʱҶˮͮȻ⣬Ȼ;̾ʲôսÿһգ۵ʱ䶼ɵ顣
˵סӣʦȫɱϻɽӣӣΧɱˣһҪŹ
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ɱ
Ҷˮͮһĺң磬ϻɽĵӣܵ˼ѹ
浱ţˣ˫ĿѪ죬һְֳ֣׹Ǿ޽Ҷˮͮ
㣡
ҶˮͮЦһһһƽҶˮͮκˣǰ
嵥óʵҪңģôӡ
ľѿ
Ҷˮͮһ֣ϲľϵľϵ֮Ѫһ֮ǾϢûнϵķҲûлϵıѣȴӵ͵ԣҪҶˮͮľϵԪҪҶˮͮ
磡
Ҷˮͮľϵӵİ׹ǽײһһ
˽羪裬ʽóԿ죬һңĵҲϻɽ˽ˡ
ңֻʮϻɽ˻ʣ¶ʮǶϻɽ˸ˣұе㷢£Ǹղһͬʱŵ֣һһˣʹǵʿܴ
Լǿˣһ˻ˣսӮ
ϻɽĵ뷨˳֮£һսһߵƣϻɽĵӽڽڰˣֻǼϢʱ䣬ԭ˵񺣳ڵӾ촦Ѫ

ϻɽд󼱣ԭԼˣɳһͣСֶӵһʱ֣Ҳ֮ңӷͻϮǱҪϹȥ֧ԮӣлΧңĴ󲿶ӡ
ڿ˵֮ڸϹȥˣܻܲ⣡
ѾϸˣͨŵĴķѪǹѾָ̳Ҫ
ͨղŵĽӴԿ϶ϻɽȻ񺣺Ϊʵڵһһأ˷ڶϻɽһһǶԼŵ˵Ҳһ㡣
֮Ѫ֮Ѿһ⣬ɱϻɽӣ⣡

ϻɽӷĹצһǹ飬д󼱣Ȼҧ⣬һھѪ˹ӰϣӰЩѪ̺֮ѪĺУǶϻɽɱһ飬ǵĻɵļƷʥϻɽѪΪ˹Ӱᦵǿһڻǣ㳲
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ʲôɿռ䣬ͳͳҪ
裡
һͺȣȫŷ֮Ѫٶȼգ
ԭɵʱ򣬹ŷ֮ѪȼһҪɵԪսʱ޷ʱ俪ڣ֧֣һȼιŷ֮Ѫû̫ĸо
ţϵǰ⾳ںΪһɿռСһԩ걻֮գɢӣиǧĻǻҷ

ϻɽĿĶڵѪʱҲ˲۹Ӱˣɴ߶ӰײӰеϾ̫ˣóɿռ裬Ҳûȫ©֮㡣

ʮԹ壬һӶ۱¶޷סַʵԵĹһ˲񺿣
Ĺ֮£ƺȻһ٣ɫ˫ĿҲЩǣĿⲻ
ˣϻɽ۾ȻһķѪ˹ӰǧԹ飬ĻᣬʮԹ壬ǿҪЩɻһԹ飬ҲҪһʱ䣬ʱڣ޷ȫƿأĻᡣ
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ϻɽĿⷢ죬һеĳ˺ɿռ䣬Χĺɿռ䲻ϵĥȻϻɽѾǹעһӰֱԴ
Ӯˣ
ϻɽӵҵĹӰҪϵʱͻȻһ˿Цԭ˫ĿȻָ
깥˵ǸЦҲ˵ĺսֻ⣬ħ壬ľ֮һж깥
ղŵӵȻֻΪƭϻɽӽɿռսһٽɱһ񺣺ڵȫܵĻЩ鷳ġ
ʲôۼͻ䣬ϻɽһԭСģҲֵ֪Լսᱻ٣עһðһ
ȻһлҲ˺֣ۿµ壬̳ˣ
ˣЦһȻһǹ̳ŰپʮöѪСǹһɳɫХ
թСӡ
ʯ֮ʣϻɽѪȼգӲŤת壬ҪķѪǹȻŤתһ̣ͻȻе·һſĴϣסˣ
ǡ
ϻɽд󾪣־ͶӰƽսγɵ
ʯ֮䣬ȥΪʲôͻȻֱӰжĻƽս飬ıȻⲻʮ֮һɲǵĵ飬ķѪǹѾǰɫĻԪֱĿڡ
㲻ˣ

ϻɽӲҽһӰѪǹǹص
ӰᦱͲӲӲıǿĹսƲҲľ͹˿ղŹӰᦵһڹʮ֮һıըɢ׷ɣûüջأùӰӲΪٱ֮ܺɨǧĳǹ֪
꣡
ƷʥĹӰֱӱһǹˣ
ѪǹƲ̶ֱֹϻɽӵѣһ̣Ѫ


1096 ɱ
Ѫǹһ̣һʣǿĽɱ֮ϻɽӵʮ߹ǳ׽ʶϣѪʮԶ
ϻɽӣͬƷʥӰᦣͱôһǹ٣ϻɽӵĲҽ˹
ϻɽȫѪһĻ⻹ǽֻ硱ϻɽĻԪױ飬ںɿռ֮£ʧȥԪıֱɿռѪ⿪ʼ֫ĥ
﷢һЩѵԪϵߵѪ֮ԭʹ֮ûıֵܵɿռǳޱȵĺ֮εļѹֻһϻɽӵ屬һѪ꣬Ѫ꣬Ҳɿռ˽ȥ̼㻯ɺɫϢ֮󣬳
˳׵ʽʱöϻɽĵͷƤ飬ɱһеʵ̫ˣ
ϻɽǶһۣڱ˴п˿־ȴ֮⣬ӴʱҲֻһɺֱ飬һҶˮͮѾԸˣڶϻɽʱӲʮϢʱ䣬ͱɱ
һټսţ»Ϣʱ䣡
ˣֿӣ
ȻһնҶˮͮ˳ȥһԥҲһɢǰؾУң֧Ųס£Ҳֻòȡܷʽܶܶ١
ӣΣҶˮͮʱҲӿҪͼΪ¯ˣĻͱЩ͵Ϯ֣ʱ˵Ļ䵽³ĳܲޣ
ѾȡƣƴʧΪҶˮͮҲӵ
ʦܣȥ׷ɱӣסӣ
ҶˮͮӦ죬廯һӰһ̤ʮֱ̧ʹһٶƵ似ǧһߣɫľϵ߶ۣһȻ⿴ƹâԵһȴΪĸ߶ѹ׶ɽ룡
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Σ㲻Ǵ֮Ϊ¯ôҽɱ㣬İ׹Ƭһ׹սף
ҶˮͮȻƽʱԸͣʵҲĺ֮ˣǶͼɱԼˣǸǾ顣
ҲǷҶˮͮǿһ㣬ԪǿȡԪԶԶҶˮͮܰѣ

ӴһһھѪ˰׹ǾϣصһɲǣȻѡȼվѪ
ȼվѪҲûã
ҶˮͮĿŷɭɭɱĶۻңⲻӲӲڶԷҪʱ򣬸ǶȹһĽͬһꡢϬԪִŹԣһĥǣƾȼ˾ѪҲ޷Ҷˮͮʹĸо
ûҶˮͮǸ֪Ѿ׽ҶˮͮӵĽ־ҶˮͮսҲ̾ѣϾԷΪң״ǿļˣȻмֶΣòġ
ʱѾʼ׷ɱϻɽӣ
Щ˶񺣳ںڵߣԶϻɽˮƽ񺣳ڵ״ӣ󷨣евǵԵǰǸǱɱĽ࣬οǻˣ
ÿסһʵĵˣ
Ԫٵ˵г˲ɵƣʱҶˮͮĻʹ
ã
һ֣һһȺˣ
ңԽսԽ£ǿٻɱ˲̫ܣסһʵģǸ¶ǿɶľϵģսԼǿοԷձϴˡ
ңһʮˣһӾס˶ϻɽʮӣʣӵĲֻ߰˸ˡ
߰˸񺣳ںڵĵӣǰͬȺͻ
ƽս飬־ͶӰ
ͺһƽս־ͶӰ俪߰˵ս׷ӡǾ߰˸ϡ
һ̤Խ룬˲һ񺣳ڶϻɽӵ
ǵѾˣЪ˹ŭֳֶϻ굶һն
ӵһɲǣѾ˳ȥǹâȴ˶ϻɽߵؿڡ

ϬǹâᴩĻԪֱӹᴩ࣬Ѫ󴩳ֱ˺һ󶴣Ѫɽ
һɲǣѾ˳ʮһӵԽԽģҰ֮Уֻǹ䣬һʺɫѪͬʵʻһſ޶
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ǵӵһͷȥһɲǣϡĳͬĲҽ
֮ѪԪš׹Ӱͽļٶȣʹһɱ¾û˭ǹ»

ϻɽĵĸӱһǹüģͬʱչɿռ䣬ס˵ӡ
˾һֻоԼڵѸţһ̤һ
Ҹƴˣ
ļ֮£˵ԣȻȴһ仰ˣѰ׹֮ìһ̣ĸоһεϣԭһǹ˹ƫƣľҲ˹ȥͬʱһǹȴᴩʺǻƽսγɵ־ͶӰֱӹעڵϣӰ˵ж˷ʤսƷԽ͵ߣܵӰԽԡ
ûöãЩ߰˸ӾͱɱˣĿתЩңסǣͬҹոߵѪɽ
ϻɽĵӶѾپˣҲӲˣҲ򲻹
ÿϢʱ䣬һȥɿռϻƽս־ͶӰЩڡ񺣳ڵ߸޷սںɿռ·ӲɣɵĹսɵ־Ӱ죬Ҳգ֪
ʱ䣬Ͷϻɽʮ߾ңϵģܹˣģȫɱ
һʼ׼Ͷϻɽ͵ϮʱѾעǵʧܣⳡսǴͷβҲֻǰܸһˣսʧܣսʧܶˣ
ԭͶϻɽһ鱨ռƣԭһңӵķѹƵսͱôתңͶϻɽѹ˼սֻ
վĴǲ֫⣬ȾѪĺɰ֮ϣ̧ͷӵʱǹ⻹žžવĵѪȴһȾûմϰѪۣĿȻҹеϵ磬˿һ۾ͱ֮
ټϲԼҶˮͮӵĳױ
ҡ䣬Ҫɱҡ


1097 ǶƬ
ҶˮͮӵķϻгֱָҪ
ӷһУȻոշδüֻһ޴ѹǵصһѸţͬʱҶˮͮ䣬һնӵʡ

д󼱣ԭͲҶˮͮĶֱ֣ĺɿռ;ͶӰ֮Уֻ·ķɳ棬á
磡
׹Ǿ޽ҶˮͮɫײһֻһɵԪͬһڣȫԡ
ʱͻȻñķҪתͷ֪ĹϮָоͬɭĽָԼıһ㡣֣ʵȫǿֶּлɡ
ŤǿҶˮͮͬʱ׹Ǿ޽ӭķѪǹȻִٷ֮£ܱȵùֻһ죬׹Ǿ޽Ѫǹɣ󻢿ѣҼ絽β׵Ҷˮͮһնش
ķѪǹҲļѣֻҪǹһܽ˺ѡ
ܴʱҶˮͮһ̳ʮֱӵѨûдӵڣýѨȫضϣʱڸòˡ
˻
ҶˮͮĽͬһ׼ӵĺᣬĽƤ⣬һ˿˿Ѫô˳
˵˭鱨㣿
ҶˮͮĮȻѾ˲²⣬Ҫõ϶ʱӵҲΪ֤һ㡣
ΧңĵҲΧӣָȴĻ
ǣĿ˸ֹâ򣬸̵˽
ҿԸǣֻҪǲɱҡ
ڻиּۻ۵ʱҶˮͮɭȻǰһ㣬һɹѪĺܶҪпˡ
Ȼ˵˵ΪҪ˵ӱ۾Ȼһηӣĺȴڲͣĳ鶯ţԵںϵĽУûܹ̹Ȼԡ
ǣҶʦ㣬ϻôʲôФˮBһЦŤ˹һȾѪĽӵϵȥյϣֻһֵ۾㡭ʲô
˵㲻ΪΪ鱨ͻŹɣǵѾµˣֻ֤ѣҪ˵˾ʹЩҾͷϵĻ꣬ȻҲó˵͸Ūɰ׳ˣΪ׳֮ǰһ㳢̫ζ˵˶Щ²ŮǵūһŮٺ٣˵ҪǰⶫһһƬˣʲôЧ
ФˮB˵ţΧʼγεĽͬһһҪѹȥ³֪һĻЩŮӶ΢죬еȴһĶ˷Фʦ뺷ȥ
ι
һˣ˵ѹȸвһܱģ˵˵ӦǡֻƲ⡭رСģÿζûκ֤ݡ
ȻФˮBĿ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫֻƲ㹻ˣͬʱƲ⣬ǿѨ磿
ҶˮͮĿһۣһЩֻǶϻɽСɲӣҲǵĴ󲿶Ѿʼңӽˣ
һ仰ڳԭʤϲȴʱ䣬ھؾ֮нѾʮʱȷʵսȫ汬ʱˡ
ȻǣңӦ޹أ̫ĻңҲܲСĴؾ֮вҰܣΪؾ֮Уң˵ҹҲˣʯʧ棬ϴ״ӵպңȻ˵һ겻񣬵Ҳ᳹׾˽ʥصϣ
෴ܼʱϻȥĻҶˮ֣ͮȻܷӼã˵Ťתս֡
ⵢ鲻ȥһᱻƲã״ڶ˭ȷģֻҪ仹Ϊ˴ʱŴҶˮͮȣֻῴ˵ˣ˵ǣҲֻƲ⣬ûκʵԵ֤ݣֻҪһҧǱݵľͰⲻ
ҶˮͮһѵѡҲ뵽һ㣬׷׿ҶˮͮΪӳҪΣѹȻ
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ĿʵʵѾ⣬ҶˮͮɵҪȥ֧ԮĻͲˡ
Ҷˮͮԥһ£˵Ȼؾ֮¹ش󣬿ڻȥһᱻ̫ϳӹָȨӽӹܣԾãڳϻϷҧһڣʧܵȫϡôƣΣɣȥĶϻɽܱͱһϻɽһЩͬھǻȥȻ˲أ
Ҷˮͮһ˵ҲͬУʱȥľԻᱻǹʹ
ǡҶʦ㣬ǲȥĻ㡭ФˮBЩĵ˵ȥĻٹʮʱصţӵ˲أȴˣͲˡ
˵ˣŽһеҶˮͮϵ˵һ仰ڳӶһů
Ҷʦİɣȱһɣ类ؾĳû취ȥ֧Ԯ˭ҪǳҶʦ㣬
ǰͳһڹӷ׷ױʾ
̫ǣǿҶˮͮڰ֣ؾбûʲôΣգȥһؾеֱʲôʲôҲмڱɣŴҾʹҰɣҲɱңСˣҼסˣպȻӱк壡
Ҷˮͮҧгݵ˵Ϊؾ֮УȻֶΣ򲻻ɥĲĳǡ
Ҷʦ㵹ǿ𡣡Ц˵жҶˮͮΪ˵ķЩ͵ģαصȵպ󣿡
ţҶˮͮһѲҪؾж֣ôӵ֤ɽңıɱӣ仹ĽڹϣǾ̡
ʦܣ
ҶʦţҲû˵ҪôľôԹۣȷʵᱻһЩץѱҵûʲôҶʦĴܾˣܶӵսƲŸոտʼϢһ£ʱٸϹȥ֧ԮҶʦأ
˵赭дǡ֧ԮȴҶˮͮü΢ɲΪʲôúˣԭ⼸ңֻԹ۲ȥѲҪ侮ʯٲһţ


1098 ɽۻ
ղŵһսңĵӳһС֮⣬˺ĸûУ״ߵĵϢֻҪһʱܵá
͸ˣ֮Ѫ֧֣ղŵܺûиκθǴ۷״̬
ǻطЩңӲָһЩͻȻ˵
طҶˮͮЩ죬Ͳͣһǰ
֪䣬Ѿڶγ˾Ȩ´κνͣҲûɡ
˶ϻɽӵƺֽ䣬ʮңӴǰ롣
һʯͣ˵ˡ
ΪʲôҶˮͮܣһЩʯֿṩڻ֮⣬ҲûʲôرģҪ˵ڻĻȻ֮ǰĿӸá
ûʲôսһЩ۲졣
ʼ磬ѡطֻΪҸֽĵطɽۻ
Ľܷѩɳж̽һԶĵطƽʱܽǧξ۵ףڳ״˵ȴǸˡ
⡭ҶˮͮһڿˮЩˣҲǷ׷զ࣬ʲô̽Ҳ̫̬ˣսôԶܲȴ̽鵽ս
Ľˡ
ħеĽܷѩ壬ֱӳֶԵк鷳ҪӳսҪ壬ʱģĸСĽܷѩ벹ҪľѪ
Ľܷѩֱӳֵܱ⡣
ø֪̽飬Ͳⷽ⣬ʹãĵǵĽܷѩȫһָ
Ľܷѩĸֱ֪߷ȥܿ죬ǧӰͶӰľ֮УĽܷѩֱӰӰӰԺУҲΪԵʣôҲһ㡣
ʱңӹȻѾϻɽ彻֣龰ȴ΢΢ԾȻƾһ˵ϻɽ񺣺ڸ֣
Ҫ֪һ񺣺ǿ߽ؾĵԴһߵʮϣÿŶᾡ񺣺ǿߵˣ˱ȻǶţԼ۱̫ͣ
Ҷˮͮˡ
ͬϻɽ񺣺ڸҲ⡣
ڣȻһж⿴һ㣬ʵҪҶˮ֮ͮˣ
ţǿĹֶӦòǳңĹЩֶΡ
ĽܷѩңĹȻм˽⣬һۿʩչĹǳң
ţңĹ
֡ĽܷѩΪ˵ܶԼˣһЩؾ֮УѰĳЩǿߵ²ǿ̫࣬ʱѡأɹʣƾһлҷ𣬶ǻԵ˷򣬿ҲһЩԵҵĴһʥǿģһһʥǿߡ
Ľܷѩ˵꣬Ϳҫ۵𣬾һ̣ϻɽ񺣺ڸһӲƴ֮󣬳Ŷʽ֮ʣһӳöӨ͸ӣöγͼͬʱը
ǳֲ𵱳ʯؾõҪ
ı߶ҪκԪһʹö񺣸ͬھֻҪܴУʮƣһӳô̳ǿ²ˡ
ʽþδ֮ʣʱ򣬰ʱӳը飬̶Զϻɽ񺣺˼鷳Χ֧Ԯǿ߱ըನ˽ȥըƬ
ǿߣ˲䱻ɱ
ڸ߿еһĻߣңʿǣԭϻɽεϾǲԼĵˣ
ôҲû뵽𾴵Ĵʦǿһ˾Ϳס񺣺ǿߣһƾ֧Ԯǡ
ֵǣӰѾ֧һģҶʦô֧Ԯ
Ҷʦ㣬ߣ˵ˣھԼļʱѾȥʱҪˣҶˮͮһֱûЩ˹ڻ
Ҳʲôɡ
ʲô⣬ӻڿţǵλôȫģҾͲˬ
ЩӴǰţ֮ǰںɳĮۣܿҶˮͮȥбܷ΢ˡ
רսҪģҲҪˣҶʦĻȻġһĶӳǴ򣬴˵
ĵӼæѾвˣʦҲ̫ἺΪˣֵɳֳܿ࣬ܵ˵ӣȴȫĵطʦֻΪ˵
ԭž͸ߣټڱֳľʵڱڮ˵Ʒ˵ĿΪߴ΢ʣҲѹĸԸΪƴɱ
ңͶϻɽĵӶսսսԽԽңΪ󷨵ķԣ˵ȴ֮࣬һۺսңȻǲһЩа֧ԮȻһֱ֧
񣬿ˡ
£ܱסңӣԼһܵĻҲ˵͵ϮԼ֧СӼʱȥ֧ԮҲסΪԼľţŸҳҶˮͮ
飬Ȼ󣬵ǰһͻͻ侳Ǹʱֻɱ񺣺ǿߵ˵þСˣùҲϧ
˵һսûʲôʧӮ׬״ߵźһٵӢպ̳е֮λ˳ˡ
һ˵ֻаһӻȥҲûϵϥҲܲµЩӲɼԴ˰ϣߴԴţȻǴ󹦳
ʦܣսôҶˮͮʵȻ˵ǲȥ֧Ԯǽңĵӣ°̫ܵңңĸ
ҲǸ֪ţʵɱĶأ
ʵĽܷѩĸ֪Ұ£ָ̽ƣôȥֻҪӵʱ䣬ŵĵӾͻΪԪĵ̫֧սʱһƣþͿˣ
ڲ֮һʱ֮Ҫ룡һʱ֮󣬿»ʣ²֮һģҲȻǸ״̬
ҲµˡҶˮͮû⣬ڿûнһս˽δľȻԷ
ʲôʱȥ֧ԮФˮBһ㣬һ֮˱Ƕ
ЦżǼսңҲûʲôΣգٵʱȥͲˡ
ҪʱǡðɡФˮBͷʱҲֻˡ


1099 
ʱĵȴ˵൱ġ˶ڱĿ񣬰Լ۷״̬
ȴ̽ϻɽµֽ䣬ϧǵֽвûʲôԴֻǸ֣ϻɽɼԴӦ

ҡҡͷȼ˵ϻɽ״ӵĲƸ˵㲻ʲôڶϻɽǾ͸ûˣϻɽĹǹ깥ģǸֲɲ˫֮֮ͨġ
ʲôģȫȱħдƬ̺ޱȷḻļ䣬ֻЩ˵ʵȼڵѾ㲻϶⡣
֮Ҳ޵ģҪվҪնǿߵļ䣬䣬Ҳ׾ƷһЩʥ𶼴ﲻߣЩĹȤ
ʱһңȴ˿ս
սȻܶԽĵṩҲάôãŹȥӵʱսˡ
սһƣʱӾ磬ˣ
֮һĵӡ
һʱ֮룬Ȼ飬Ҳ޾ʱѾˡ
ʵȴǿԽսԽ£սһʱȻдĹǴͶϻɽĻǧԶһЩ֧Ųסˣ
Сӣôôǿǧܻ˵
ɽô֧Ԯѵ⣿
ܵģңֳȥĵӾԲɽǵĶ֣ο鱨Ҳ֤ӦòǼ鱨
Լõģϻɽķֶ֧ԮˣսȲҵĵزȴӰûûзһš
һսڣʧһӣû취ȡʤĻǵʧֲſ϶Ҫܵ𷣣ңô࣬ûӮ
ڣǧ͹ǴѾﻢ£û뵽ôݡ
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ǧ͹ǴԪʣ²ɣѾֲסˡ
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ⱾԴѪȼգȻΪ̫ʱ䣬ֲԼܴ󣬵ĵʱȴԳΪѹƽ롣
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ǧۿǴӣҧ˾ϣٴȥĿܣû뵽ͷôѿС

ȻԲңӣǶϻɽĵӻռһЩƣǲġ
ʱңӲֻʣ¶ʮˣԭһٶ˵Ķ飬֮ģҸˡ
ϻɽĵҲķ֮ʣ²ʮˡ
ңۿŶϻɽ˳ˣȴȫû취ȥ׷ɱĪ׷οԷʵԼ֮ϡ
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֣ϻɽӦòֹǧ͹Ǵ񺣺ڸֲǣһҲóֵģôûѵϻɽʯ֧Ŵôˣ
к˼ţ֪ϻɽķֱսսȻͲ뵽ʵɳһֶȥˣȫûһϢû̫ˡ
ʱǧ֮ʯ֣ͻȻվ˵ǳ
ţʱˣҲãھͳɣевҶˮͮһɳ©ڲŹȥһʱһ㣬һֱϢҲĽúܣңȫû
ЦЦˣǸϹأ˲÷ų֪ⱻ˷֣
սıԤĻ磬Ȼûĵˡ
طУѪؾУɳйɵģһα֮󣬶ʱڲᱬڶΣΧǧﷶΧڵĽܷѩ˽
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ӵķȫԣФˮB̲סԪҶˮͮҶˮͮҡҡͷûжѾΪָ֧ߵʵҲȫûҪʡ
˴ŷľ룬һƬСʯ֡
ϢǱʯ֮Уһ£һ֣
ѡ⴦ʯֱ֮ǰܼ࣬ټϺؾɰʯԴ֪ЧֻҪǱ棬̽
á
ңȻ⣬ûԥһˣã۷״̬Ͷϻɽ־壬ڴǽ֡
Źһӵʱ䣬һȺǱޱȣȫ˵ĵƬʯַ
ЩˣͶϻɽ
ʣʮ߸״̬⵽˼㡣
·ȫƿ֮Уһ·ϣȻƬʯ֣Żѡá
ʦ֣ǰƬʯ֣ҪҪȥˡ
һʹǴ
ʱĹǴŶϱۣɫ԰ޱȣȷʵҪͣˣǿһʯ֣Ǵҡҡͷ
ˣս̫׷СӲص̫ܴ⣬Ǽ·
ʦҲ̫С˰ɣңʵǣǳһô׷ֹ˼䣬ʵʵĸŹǴԾʯ֣ȷʵ״̬̫ˣȫ˿ڶѪҪϢ
ţͣǱʯ΢΢һ㵣ûϵڿҲһ͵Ϯ
֮ǰɱӲûЯʲôԴȻЩͶϻɽɼԴôƸȻˡ


1100 ɨҶ
ؾɳģԻĲƸʯһĶȻ˵ЩҲ޷֮Ķĵرȣ˵ҲɻȱΪܰǮ
֮ǰĽܷѩҲ˵Ե䡷мгŶݼصİ취ҪֵҩֱǳŵĳгŵļЩҩĲܶԼȥңҪлϹҪǮˡ
ңӶʯУǶ˵ģ֪Ϣͬʱȴһ

Ǵͻǧһ˼ٷĿȫҲɢʯеңӵȻоˡ
ˣ
ǡͶϻɽôҡˣ
ңۼž֮߰ĵطʮͶϻɽӷɹǸˣήңȻһս
Ȼ͵Ϯǵûᣡ

ҶˮͮФˮB˿֪ʲôˣȻʮ׼ȷİס˶ÿһֶԲǰﲼλһ˿
ΪУ̫ˣ
֣
Į³֣ңȻѡ
֣
ʮңս󣬱ŷȫһʱ佣Х죡
Ҳһȼȫŷ֮Ѫͬʱа֮
裡
߰룬ݣǴζû뵽͵ϮϾ֮ǰĴս̫ˣȻֳһǣ׼ǵܷ
Сģ
⣡
ǴͻǧͬʱеȻѾˣҪǵ̫ôܱȵùݴͣһ
ﻹҶˮֵͮĹ̺棬ʵܻɱ񺣺ڸ֡
䣡
ֲıըһ˲нʮԭ˵ĵӱըɱ
֣
һȣһΣԵĶֱһθһͷͻȥԸһȺ˵ǣս֪
Ѫǹɨ촦
ӣ
Ǵϵ´ս۷ʱڵɣʧȥһֱֱֻۣԷбֿǸΨܻһ
Σ
˫Ŀ֮һ׹⣬Ŷݼ׵ǰͬʱȫѪ֮ͬբĺˮһųһ˸߹һˡ
ǣ
ȫǽڷžžı죬Ʋϵۻϵǿƴﵽһɲǣһ̤룬Ѫǹա
Ե֮ˣ
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·ر԰˵ַԼӿԪɽХǴ

ص˲䣬Ǵƴӳеİ׹սìȻȴͽ޹ֱӱ͵İ˻أ˿ֲĳֱҰӳ÷飡
һɱǴ
ȻԷˣϾ񺣺ڸ֣ôգҶˮͮ˸ոոϵ
ÿ£
ңӶÿ£ϻɽӾ͸˵ˣްս֮⣬ʼ׷ܡ
ɱһҪŹ
Ҷˮͮûȥʣµһ񺣺ڸ֣ǿʼնɱսǿߣٶȼ죬ʵǿҪ۷״̬ϻɽ˸޷ƥС
ʱ˵ڶ񺣺ڸ֡ǧ
ǧ˵ñȹǴһ㣬ȴҲһͽ͵ķ񹥻Ըʳɣǧɫ԰׵ʱķѪǹѾ綾һᴩ˻ǧʺ
ڶ񺣺ǿߣҲ˳նɱ
һ̣ǧ͹ǴֽȫС
֪̽һȻдԴ֮⣬жϻɽӣҲǴжϻɽĿ󹤡
Щˣͳͳң²ңôãͲˡ
һҶˮͮҲǴȫʤҶˮͮȻע⵽ǧ͹ǴֽľҲµõȻƸ
Ҷˮܴͮľ͵ûûĻǻ֮أ˵ȥõЩˡ
սľ˳ֻǳ˶̶һʱ䣬ɨҶ
׷ɱѾ½½Ļȥϵľʹﵽʮң˼Ϊֵ˶֮⣬𣬶˵ĵӣҲֻҪϢһ¾ͺˡ
ϻɽ˱ȴûȫɱϾ٣һʼʹֿߣ׷Щ鷳ġ
̶̼ʱʱ䣬սݣҶֶڼĵˣңĴǡ
ʦܣһʲôҶˮͮѾհͶˡ
ûʲôˣȥӻغϰɡ΢Ц˵Ͼˣ˻õģȻ鷢ˡ


1101 Ǿһͷײ
ʦ֣Ӣ䣡ǿ۽ˣ
ǰʦ֣ԭҾһֱ֪ʦֺǿҲû뵽ôǿǴͻǧְǱʦִöףĶӣôʦպϵ֮λѾǰ϶˰
ǰǰԺǸŰʦ֣ǲǳĺģ
ڰԣЩӻһֻŵƨһսʤѾǳϵĽؾ֮еջҲǳɹۣЩˣȻõŵĴʹͣ
ңֳʵҲǿδϣܸһδĵƴպǰ;֪ˡ
˵Ĺάҡҡͷ˵Һεº״ĿɲֹһڵֵӢ֮꣬λҪܾãպ󻹻ᵮµӣǵУҲвѧ֮
ʦ̫ǫˣʱ䣬ʦֶǵһţԭΪҶˮͮǿʦһȣڼʶʦֵ汾£ҶˮͮʲôϾǸŮ˰ˡ
ǰҶˮͮӣȥһҪһ״
ˣǸ治֪ôģȻһ֧ԮǣҿǺͿˣǸôŰɵΪʦһëȲ֧ԮǣǻЦ
˵ʲôأʦȣֱʦ֣Ǵڶûˣɱв֪٣ȴ֪ﵱͷڹ꣬޳СˣôʦᲢۣ
Щ˶ǰţҶˮͮȻһڮ٣ȴҡͷһΪȻӣ˵ҶˮͮʦöǵĹֻ֮ǲ֪ˣû֧Ԯ鷳ɣˣ֮ȥǰɣϾǵͬš
˵ţһ˿֮ܲɫ
Ҷˮ֮ͮǰҲûһжͬʱˣҵģһδҵʮһҪıᵺ֮λԼҪĺˡڻȪ·и飬Ҳʴȣ±Ͷ̥۾һɣ֪˭ǣ˭ǡ
ţȴǺɫͲѵĿܣϾңţдʯԴķ⣬ͶϻɽôܷŹ
ΨһĵģͶϻɽĸֱԭԤϵ˼֪ǲʯ
ʦ־̫ʴˣҶˮͮЩˣȥǣرǸǸˣҰͲؾһҪҶˮͮͻȻҭסˡ
ˣܵԶȻ̧ͷȥȴԶһȺڵ㣬Լٶ
ʲôˣһ´ӵվȵĵͶϻɽȺԭóֵĸ֣ϸһȴǣȺ˷ңĵӷ̣Ϊ׵Ҷˮͮ
Ҷˮͮһ˲ɴ۾ôܣ
ôˣʦ֣Χû뵽Ӧôң׷ǰʵ
ûûʲôֻǾûһˡҡҡ֣ʧ̬￴Ҷˮͮȷʵ̫ˣҲеһ˿
ôû£ͶϻɽŹˣǰ쵽鲻ԣˣ
ȻٷḻҲΪͶϻɽһЩֵʧٸʲôϵľĴսȺ˲ܻôݣҲܱ֤Щɺ񺣳ڵңû
ĽͣĵӶʱˣûһʲôȵģ⻹ʣһǹĳһܵĵطһֱȵڲų˶࣬ҪɳĮѰԴΣ٣һʼѼһԴȫĻ˭ҵõǣ̫޳ˣ
ƴƴǵãֱλȥȫҪϼӴã
Щһ޵ҧгݣʱѾ
Ŷ˵˭ҪϼӴãҶˮͮϴŷ̵Цݣ˵ĵӡ
ò˵ҶˮͮΪʦ㣬ϻǺģǰˣƽʱҲΣҪġ
ҡ˵ǵҶˮͮĿ⣬һеήˣתһ룬Լа֧ţʲôǱҶˮͮˣҶˮͮӣȻ⵽ŵϳͣպҪˣܵɪʲô
˵ǣܶսһطһֱȵսų޳ܵһˣǳͿأƴӮһսǾȻ˼ʤӦǾ仰Ҫ޵У
Щ˵Ϊߣɫ֪ЩʲôʱİȷʵôҲ޷ǰѲЩսʤͶϻɽˣһ̫ˣ
Ĺ죡
裬Ҷˮͮû˵ʲôĵȴˡ
ФˮBЦݵ߳ƴӮһս㱾£һٶˣʣ֮һô໹˼ҫֱЦ֮
ʲôŮˣһ˶бŭۿҪ֣ʱФˮBȴһ˦ͷ˵ʦܣѶóȺΪǵɵƿ
ʦϷһϷʺͿЦݣǳĴԼʥָһ˲䣬ֻʮƺֽ䱻˳
ϻɽĵÿ˶һӦƣ֮ǰɱЩ֮ƶռˣҪЩҲûã㶼Ǹʦܡ
ֽ䣬Ĵ񺣺ڸֵֽ䣬ʣµЩҲûʲôʵڿۣҲФˮBˡ
ֽÿһöӡһͷϻɽֽ䣬ӡ˺ɫצһ۾ϳ
⡭⡭
ļӶʱɴ˫ۣһһ˫ȭͷʶսǡô£ȻΪҶˮͮ٣Щƿ϶ģ
Ӽæߵƺֽǰ˷ϻɽ϶ŵӵ֣мʵǿĺ˵ʱһڿˮգǿϻɽĴ񺣺ҲȻλʱֻһòƵ˵ϡ
Ǵ򣡻ǧǵҲǡٵİɣ
ʲôǴͻǧѵǡ
⼸ͫϵıѾŤɸӵ󷨷ţһӿҶˮͮФˮB
Ҳţǲʮˣһ˶ûУôܣ
ФˮBЩӵı飬бʹˣǵĵӵȻˣֻѾˣЩԼ飬ФˮBȻģ˵Ǵһٶ˴ӣ֮һл˼ǣһͷײˣ


1102 սսƷ
һҶˮͮĶ飬ֻʮˣȴɱͶϻɽʮˣԼ
һǰӣһ˵Ķ飬аһսƣӴΪ̾£һɱͶϻɽһٶˣԼҲ֮ġ
ǣ˼ûɱʲô֣Ҷˮͮ˻ɱͶϻɽߵĴ񺣺ߣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ըţ
Ҳţǲʮˣôôôܾսһ𣿡
˴Ĳ࣬ߵǸ޷ܣǷ֮ǰмսѪôˣȲԷʮ˵ս
׳գǻ٣ֽסٵһ¾Ͱ¶ˣô
ФˮBķ̣ߣҶˮͮȴĬĿɨ֪ڲ̯Ƶʱоųɾŵİտ϶ǰǣû֤ݣ˵ֻᱻҧһڡ
һⲻͻ˽ģץİѱ̫ˡ
ԴˣҶˮͮûκΰ취ްǣȴƫƫ֣ܶһ֣ɱûȷ֤ݵ£Ҳ⵽ŵƲã״޹ɱ״
ѵҪС˻ŻţҶˮͮݽҧȴɫ
ФˮBðߵ߳ŭ˵˭ӣӾǲͣʦôֵܳҲǲʤɱôˣǰ׳հ֤ðǴһӮңҾ㣡
˵ǵڣҲ̫أ治ФˮBФˮB˵̫ˡ
סڣ
ʱ򣬰ͻȻȵǵӾñʦ֣ҡ
סڣɫ㣬ߵǰʼ̽Ͷϻɽµƺֽ䡣
ͶϻɽƶзαȻҲ٣ҪķѲپ͹ýֺͷҲ֪Ҷˮͮôģڽؾ֮ǰһѼȷͶϻɽؾе˵Щ
Ƽټֽ䣬Ǿ͸ˣֽдͶϻɽŹƵҩȵȵȵȣЩĲ棡
ƺֽ䶼һӼΪҪĶͬʱҶˮͮ˵ֻһֿܣǾǶˣ
ȻǴͻǧĶѾƣձҲ൱ǿսܶԸˡ
ѵҶˮͮʲôڹؼʱ̷ӳ벻ֻЩͶϻɽ˵ùںؾʲôΣգҶˮͮǼ˱ˣ
תĿϣ
ǷԼĲ²⣬ʵԼǿһ㣬ҲΪڻɱô˵Ļϣܱ֤ӵ
̧ƤͻȻ˵ƺǻɱǴͻǧǳǱǻˣ͵Ϯɹİɡ
ΡФˮB
ФˮB̬ȲΪ⣬ͷšܲ˴󹦣õͣôֽأǴͻǧֽ䲻棬񺣺ţŵͻɽҲ񺣺ţǵֽҲǵĳ˵ϰɣ
ֻֽȻϣŵͻɽֽ仹ʲôǴͻǧֽдĲƸЩպ֧ĸֻɻȱȻύȥˡ
ΣҶˮͮЦ˵ôѵҪȥ
ҡҡͷҶʦˣҪȥЩսƷӦùţںؾлõĶҪϽңܲǵĹף۹ͣжĶӳָߣеĶȻҪұܣ֮е飬Ҷʦ÷ģЩĻþһʵġ
ʼ磬Ȼ˵ƺ˵ıǾ˽֪ĵ
񿴳ˣЩöֽкܴһϣ֪Ҷˮͮ˵ôɱ˶ϻɽôˣֱȻĳԼв֪ģɹãЩߥ±Ҫһ󲿷֣ô鷢
£ȻЩսɻţص֮ȻģҲˣĳΪδң˵̫ϳϵУҲ֧ģЩԴʹã繺ҩ챦ʲôģҲ൱һֺôͷϡ
ڰ˵ЩʱȴͻȻЦЦ
üͷһ壬ƽʱֳĺٺãڳЦɫҲЦʲô
һõĶҪϽң۹ͣ˵ŹΣֱǸЦңˣҪǸʹͣ
ڷ̣۽һ⣬㲻ң˲ˣңʯŽ˺ؾ֮У뵽ж֮УȻҲҵĹϽΧκؾ֮УҶãϣ֪ôҪôߣ㣬ΪԻڣһþ㣡
ŶҪôãǷһȣҶˮͮͷԣæʦܣҪ嶯
ļ˵ͬʱԪʦܣڲ˺ʱ򣬰ңǾƾһ²԰ⲻǵôӳ飬Ѽ֤ݣɱ˰Ļɱȥ֮ҲᱻƲãŹأɱ״ǿ٣㲻Ϊǿùң̫ϳϺ̷ϰɡ
Ҷˮͮһץס䣬һۣ˼ƺ뵽ʲôһЦơ
Ҷˮͮһ嶯֣ǾͲճˡ
񿴵һĻǷһ˿ɫķ֮УңʲôûУȻ޷Υֻϧ޷ɱˣĿ֮£ͬҶ֣ңʵأҲмּɵ
ЦһʤԽѵĿ˵ʦܣŵĹأңܻɱǴͻǧҲΪ֮ǰǣΪʤһ˵Ĺͣ
ǰʦֲĹûаʦ֣ôܴùǴͻǧ
ԣǴһֻ첲ǰʦնģʦ˰˳ɵսԵĹǴͻǧ״̬۷ʱɣҰʦֻһжʵģֽ佻
ߵƺͻȻҵţûۻɱǴͻǧĹҲǿġ


1103 ֱӶ
԰ӵۣҶˮͮ˶¶֮ɫǷһ˿ЦϼȡǴͻǧֽ䣬һö˵ҳҲЩͣȻˣãöֽһöһöԸ㡣
һ˵ΧĵӶǱŭֱʶôʦֲƽϣ㻹űһö˵ĹǴͻǧҲǿŶɱİɣƾʲôһö
ʦ֣ⲻ֪ļһֱŹ洦ã԰ʦֵʵֵؾ֮дϻҲ˵ʲô
ӷ׷˵ȴɫӾȷʵԴΪɰ£ڲڶʱһûȫΣգܸоöԸ
ҲգʱֻҪ˺ؾ̫ϳϸҿ㵽ʱô
ţȥֽ䣬Ҫֽʱ˫ĿͻȻһĿϹ⡣
һ̣һըƣȻˣ
Ŷݼ뿪
ŷ֮Ѫȼգ
а֮
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һ죬ΧԾԾԵĵͬһֲ˷ˣ
ǧ֮һɲǣ׼õķѪǹХŰپʮöѪСǹɳŨޱȵĻϵԪעڷѪǹϡ
裡
һ־Ǿɱ͵Ϯ
԰ˣһʼǾɱֻǰߵң̫࣬湥Ҷˮ֧ͮԼԼŻ͵ϮѸײڶ֮ɱ񣬲ֻᣬ˼̳һ֪ǿߵĴУֶζ֪࣬ѡ
㣡˫ĿԲû뵽ӣҪڻɱԼ
ô飬ҶˮͮҸ
ʯ֮䣬ݰ룬һ屩ˣһߴֽгƷʥһӭĹ
ȻԭʵͲǿļ帺ˣĶģ͵Ϯ֪
䣡
飬ǹâƲɵɨƺһԪ飬Ȼ³һѪ嵹ɳȥ
ؿڵѾȫ˺飬¶һƷʥ£ȻҲֻѪǹ߳ɵĳɳ˰徭֮УƵĻϵԪգȫʹͫ

㣡
Į׹Ӱ廯һӰֱ׷ȥҪһɱ
ҶˮͮФˮB˶ˣû뵽ֱӶ֣
߸ŵӸȫɵˣ仯̫죬Щȫûи
ǰһм޵еİתۼ䱻Ѫ˰ֻǰɡ
˵͵ϮǶԾӦޱѸݵĶ˵͵Ϯռݵʵ̫ΪΪ͵ϮɹһҲȻǲִٷ޷ǿ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ǸոշӦʱѾڶɱ˰ǰʱڻŰĻϵԪ⾳ںΪԺĻϵԪԼǿ̸ף
Ŀһ˿âͬھ
ɵˣ㣿䣡
һǹȫǽžž죬˰Ŷݼ뿪
һǹǿѹڵŰĻϵԪǿ¡Ϊ⣬ǹٶȿ쵽˼飬һǹһǹһǹһǹǿ
ĽҲֻÿһǹҪȫѪӿϾѹһʼڵĻϵԪ
ģ
ܻƺǼˣһռƣԼ޷֣ǹԽԽǿѼ֧ȥ
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ʱ򣬰Сɱˣǵ״̬ҲôһԪʣ಻ɣЩϴˡ
Цһһһſħɿռ䣡
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ߣ˺ɿռ֮Уʱеȫɡ
ͬʱĻƽսҲХ־ͶӰսγʵʻ־̣ЩСܴ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ȻûҪǵ־飬־̶ǹᴩǵĻԪ͸ظЩ˵̴˵ֻҪܿࡢʺԵˣ

Щӷ˺ѷεĲҽУֱһ̣ǲ̵ᵽʵжֲ
ûǣһ߲ºɿռ־ͶӰһ߶԰׷ʹĹ˿Ӱ죬ԽԽǿ
֮ѪԪĺôһ֧ļĺɿռ䣬һ߷ӳȫĹ˵̺Ԫͬ޾ľ磬õꡣ
۰ȴԽԽ⡣

ʱѾӳʮǹǵһǹ
Ե֮ˣ
֮ǰľʮǹ̳ڹĿһǹԵ䡷мصĹ֮Լİˣ
һǹ̳ʱаѿеѹԪȫֲԪϺǵء
СǾɿռսͶӰҶˮͮ˻ڷ£Ĳ֪ô
ȥ
˫ĿѪ죬ͫصһɲǣȻҧͷ³һھѪڳ֮ϣͬʱȼ˼ƷʥµϹŴܾѪ֮
״̬Ϊ£ȴ˫ؾѪȼյĲشۣ˲ָ۷״̬µʵй֮
һΪ⣬ֱĽâͬʱȻͳеķѪǹȫͬھĴ򷨣
ʦСģ
ҶˮͮѿڶʱҲ֪ʲôˣ仰ȫʶΪ
С˵ۿ˿ֲһˣ׷ܣǸղΪսʵ̫ˣľ룬ĹನǸܲס
ǸɵΪôܷĹ
ֲ̫ˣֱħ
ЩͷڶСܵԺȻѾ޷ˣֲıըһУ޾աĴؼˣ޾ĺɳͬХһӿܳȥ
СֻоشĴѪɳȥϺɳ˳֮С
Ҷˮ֮ͮǰվúԶǼҲˣòù̺ſֲӿɳ
òסΣɢɳҶˮͮһȴս֮ϣһǹؿڣʮ߹ͬȫѣһֱֻĴţҪҵˣѪǹǶǻ֮УѪӿ
˺ѣɫ΢ףȻҲ˰һֻһ۱£ȫǼӳ֣ǿľŻȫӲӲԼû£ǰȴײˡ


1104 ô
⡭⡭
ڳеӣҶˮͮɴ۾ûҲˣһǹ˰
ڰСǣһı顣
ʦ֡ʦôᡭ
սȻ̳һһǹ̾ͳ˲ʮϢʱѣô̵˲䣬˽ʧܣ
Ȼ˵ԭ״̬ѣǱ͵ϮȼռƷʥ̺ľѪ֮Ѿв۷״̬ʵˣˣҲһܣôܣ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ôսʤʦ֣
ģô£ⶼ
ʮ⣬
ЩСǿǾĴʦֱӣ֮Ƿ׷׳սһҪһҪ
ȻǸ˼Χĺʱпһ£ǰˡ
̤Χһɲǣֻо·̤޵˾ϢϢѹȸУǸоȫѸٳ룬ԭλںɿռ룬ֻʮԶȴ·һ˲ңԶ
ѪǹӰڳһѪ
žણžણ
ѪŷѪǹǹ䣬֮
ЩԭҪСܣһʧ촽ͬħһ۾һͷĪļ䣬òɱڰɣ
뵽˶оһɺֱ飡
ĸð֮踣ɱ˵Ļ
𡭡£Բңɱˣֻһ˳ȥĻͲ塣
ԣû£һǷɢܣԸ˵ġ
Щ˵ǲ£ǵͶԳǣһɫңϵ˺󣬵˵ûҶ԰֣ȻǷˣһʲôܵģ
ҿʲôʵٳݰˣҲ͵Ϯ߰񲢷״̬ʧܵĽڣʵǿӹɣ˶۷״̬ҲֻܻܰʱҪˡ
£ЩӿɲȥעֻаɵΪȥֻܹĿܣʵҪҪ̷ɢܣôˣֿӵõСġ
ʦܣˣ
Ҷˮͮнһ˫ֽһʮָϵĽţȻҲ񣬵ڵҪĽȻ֪ʲôԭңٰάҲɱǵԼԼ
֮ǰһû͸¶ȻϵֹԲն̫࣡嶯ˣ
ʦʦҲǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ǰСǿ죬ƺ첻µز£·Ҹ˶ֵФˮBҲˣ˵˵УĻ񶼸䣬ôһ־أһٸҲҡ
ˣҶʦ㣬ô죿ФˮBԭɫһȴ˪ӡ
еڷѪǹ֮£ȫ鴤һðѪĭ
ʱȫʧѪ룬ؿڴĿĵ˿طȫ¶ҷѾҳ࣬ȫ߹ûһãϵ߹ǲ࣬ƢȫѣǻǻѪѪˡ
䵽أȻһ޿ֵı飬û˿ġߺ޻߾֮ɫɱҰɣҿճҪҪ˶ɱڣǰڼʮ˷ɢܵ£Ƕɱֻߣ˵Ҷʦôȫʦţ
˵Ȼ㣬ԵԪǿάʵķϡˣ˵˻£Ե﷢Ȼ԰ļȫѪðøˡ
һҶˮͮ׼ҶˮͮԸ񣬾ԲұʦŵңµĵҲҡ
ڳ⸱гӣڼŭʵΪ˸ѹԼûʤ侲
ЦһѪǹƣǹ˰¶⣬ϡ
ǹʲôоɱıȸмֱ޷ݣ
״̬ͻȻſ㱻ǹƣѪֱ絶ǰάʱҲɫȻҰףȫ
ֻҪǰһͣӦ˵ֻҪòȷѪǹһͻᱻ
㣡˫ĿԲ
ϻడ㻹û״ҵĽֻҪһ㳹˵䣬ȫɱ磬˫ĿϹ˸
Ŀ⣬пһ£һɺϮȫܸоڿЦܿɱ
㡭ˣѾЩɫˡ
ٺ٣ҷˣҿ˵ɣ㹴ϻɽ壬ҪأΪ˻ҪҶˮͮţΪҲ֪
ֱӰ˵˵ǣû˿֮ɫЦҲ֪˵ʲô
⡭Ҷˮͮ̾һ֪˵ʲôˣԭѼ֤ݣȵ֤ȫٰ⵹˵Щʲôã֤ݶû̫԰ˣýֺͷ붼֪񲻿ܳϣ
ʦܣ̫ļˣ⡭Ҷˮͮ˵
Ҷʦ㣬֪Ĵ㣬ΪֶΣԱȰĻպӰѼ֤ݰ⵹һԪɫķʡ
Ҷˮͮһʱ˵ˣ˵ûǰĶ֣۸ʵǡǸ̶ȣͳͳ磬ͱץȥ¯ˣȻպѼ֤ݰ⵹ϣ㣬ܵǱݺղ
ʵҶˮͮγ֪һ㣬ôأ԰ֱӶ֣ø졣
㺬Ѫˣ
ֱĹΣʧٵʱ򣬰ʦֻ˵ҪȥǣʦֳΪʦô꣬һֱӣԵ·ˣôݺǣңؾ֮ҪͶϻɽսݺֻǵ㵱ʦָһĺͬų֣
ҶֵĽҲôҵģ̫ˣ˵ʦѱ䣬֤أó֤
ðȥ⣬СǶŭޱȵ˵ʱΪȵķŭĿֲˡ
˵Уһֱƽ׽ˣʷڣг֮磬ˣǶıס棬֮УҪҶˮͮܶ࣬һԱ֮Ǿŵϣ԰ߵСܲŻôࡣ
£˵ѱ䣬ô˻ţ


1105 Լ֤ݣ
ЦûܲµԼǣһĶʮСģûκΰѱ
ʦܣ֪ͶϻɽԴԲųɱң̰˵ıԣֻԼҵĽδ̫׾ˣ˵ѱǣ֤ô
֤ݣǷһ˿ζЦݣ㲻õ֤ˣ
˵ͻȻ֣Ѫǹӳ֣һ˲䣬ֽŽȫϡ
ƺһȻһ£ΪʧѪ࣬Ѫѹֽ̫ͣŽϺ󣬸û̫ѪҺˡ
ۿŰɱһ⴦СһȫһǱģиһǱŵġ
ѪǹһգȻһƴڰϣ
֣
һ˲䣬壬ضȫ鵤ϵȫ书
һУѾܾûãȻڶսûɶãʧߣöԷ׾ˣеĿȴ൱á
һḶ́Ҷˮͮһ˫˲ɵùԲ
˰񣡣
£κεĿܣԭȻˣֺҩţ£ָܻ֢Ӱպĳɾͣڣȥȫ͵ڳ׷ϵ˰񣬶һ˵ȥΪ
˹ƶˣʡˣСʼ磬Ȼ˵·ץסһֻƣΪ˷ֹߣ˳˺ĳһ⡣
ȴðСǷζըˡ
쵰
ӣˣ
̫ȥɱ
ʱɫңҲܼǸ߸ϣ·Զʧܵı飬˫Ŀۿնգƺȥһ㡣
֪Լȫϵһɲǣо綼ԼԶȥˣƺԼһУδҰģȫɻ
ôһµجΣ
ᡭΪҡ㡭ᣡ
ΪԪѸţҲ϶
ǷһȣҪʧˣעҪ¶·ˣһúûסȫԪŵϻϹѻ꣬룬ңȻɣ̷Ҳû˻ʹѻɣҲ֪ж˵ľ֮ɲˣұʩߵʵԽǿԽѴģǰ;Զû֤ݣȻ˸ѻ̫ϳҲܴӦ
ڣǸˣʵȫޣʩչѻȻ򵥶ˣҲˣѻɰ׳ҲûʲôÿϧģЩΪƲңΪ˲ҴʮҲᷴˣţҶֶԸĶڣնֱ࣬Ӵ㣬ҵļƻʵʩˡ
һ˵Ѿʮķס˰ܣֵָһöҩûĿУάڵİָͷܶһ£ɱܡ
޾ԹͷߺޣҡᡭŹģ
ǸһҷģĻᡣ˵ֱ꣬Ӷ˰ֽ䣬һֻһϼСǧ
һУתͷҶˮͮҶˮͮɫ԰ף֪˵ʲôΪѾˣû뵽ݣôҵڶ֣޼ɵ
ͲԼ´ˣϻɽ˶ҿ϶ֻǶ󣬿ɲûֱ֤ݱһǰǣ˵Ļôճ
˵ˣǳǵˣּ˵ҲᴥŭЩְ֧ĳϣ˵Ȼպ˭һ˭ֱӰ˭У̷ѻ꣬ɻˣ
ҶˮͮȻ֪ĽܷѩֻҪĽܷѩڣĽˮͲӲϻԴ˴
һ˵ԩˣҲΣգֻʮҪˣҪͻƾɣͱȥĵرˡ
ĽǸҪ鷳ˣҵôˣڴ˳ϻְ֧Щ˵ǲưոݵģʱҪĽˮǰӻˡ
ħеĽܷѩ˵ңһˣȷʵĽˮ˲С鷳ʮ˵Ľˮ컹ĹԼһ˿հɳǽһޱȺƴḶ́ڽδꡣ
úáѡܷʥشˣҴңȡʮģģҹùȻ㿼һҲΪΪ㣬ˣ˻ܷʥأһɱ˾ɱˣûʲôˡ
Ľܷѩƽ˵ûȥ񵽵ǲͽУʲôĽܷѩ츳ҲеŰˡ
Ľܷѩô˵ӿ𼸷ů⣬Ľܷѩж٣ĽܷѩĶࡣ
ллĽ
лңҸ̫ԴȴȥڤӣⱾһսڤʾ·ͳ·ˣȻܸԷһһĻᣬѶϣңүүǲڤӵҰģûжԷΣܷʥص֤ݣʦͽ֮飬³һ;ԭɱȴȡ֮ȴ޹ǷǷǣ˭˵壿
Ľܷѩ˵ͻȻл֪ǰܷʥظĲҾʧٵãûٶ˵ʲôˡ
һаµֽ䣬һöӽͨʥֽ䣬κؾ֮еľųӣдĲƸ
ʳָĴָָͻȻҶˮͮһָһߣҶˮͮϡ
Űɣ
ȻҲ̰ᣬöָеĲƸңģȻҪ
ͶϻɽջȴȫܵõģȻ³ˡ
Ҷˮͮöֽ䣬в֪ʲôоֻĬĬ˵˾䣺лл
ԹԵڵϣʼϢʵ֮ѪףûôģνĵϢֻǱĿ
ΧӣҶˮͮ˻ãЩԭˣʶĶԶԶģǿǵ뿪ĲӣȺ˲ԱΣգôôҲദ඼ܲˡ
ʱؾ֮нֻмʱˣңӣҶˮͮģܹҲֻʣʮ˶ѣνء
Ȼϻɽ˸࣬Ĵ񺣺ţȫ״ʣ²ʮˣȫû֮ǰΪ˴͵ӶĵĴʯܲˣԴȫϡ
ңȻ״ö࣬ջȴҶˮֽͮǧʯĲƸˣǻȥԻǴһ


1106 ̫ϳ
Ҷʦ㣬쿴ָжٲƸҶˮͮһԣǱʦܵĵ̽ͷ̽ԵĿöȡ԰ϵֽ䣬С˵
Ҷˮͮյһۣǳûûôʱ򻹹עЩƸֲģ㼱ſʲôȥдһϭģϸ㱨һսصͻһɳбϮĶɵ㣬Уͻʦսϵãšʵдˡ
Ҷˮͮ˵ţȴ̾һϣϭĹΪʦܿѼְɣ鵽ͽЩְ֧ĳҲưոݵġ
ʦګګĵͷһϣФˮBȴ˵ҶʦûʲôõĵģʦЩȻǽӴĲ࣬ÿһζʮİգҲ⣬ǸϽʣ׫дϭģŻ㱨ϣˣЩӶû°ɡ
û¡ҶˮͮҡҡͷֻҪսӮˣӾû£֮ˣǾͻȫû
˵˼ʱûΣգʱ뿪ؾʱڵˡ

ͬʱңһƬĿռ֮УһߴɵʯɽЩʯɽ֪ʲôʯͷ͵ģȥûʲôص㣬ȴçӣһַ·µĸо
ƬռϷкƺǺӣƥһ㴹һֱʵ쾡ͷΰ׳ۣ
ңٳĿռ䣬Сȫܴ½һ
ʱЩʯɽ֮ϣһһǿߣЩ˶ңĳϣ̫ϳϣһңĳϻ顣
ʱ䣬κؾ֮иýˡ˵һ꣬ȻңФ졣
ǵġκؾ֮УңͶ뼫ǧӣһٶ״ӣʯŵ˵ǹغ˵һսսܴȫʤôңȻٽһΪʥأʧܵĻҪ˥һʱˣ״ӡӵĲ䣬дԴգҪʱͣ˥䵽ͶϻɽͬˮƽⳡսԲ䣡
һɫʯɽɽһɫ˵ΪϪңڶ̫ϳϡȶʵĻңȻϻɽܲģ
ʦˡһ԰һЩɽϣһɫۣһ˫˹Ц˵˱ңФǬʮǷӦûϣ뵺ФִúФ˦һ仰ȥ
ФǬФ죬̫ϳϳڶ̫ϳϰϪФǬʦ
ӣг˵жҽָȨ˰ӣ㲻ܴȫʤҲȻܰȻöϻɽһСΪˣʦ֪ģԸȣд֮磬ʵǿûаյ飬ǲģд˼ùһǿߵĴУֶκܶ࣬Щһֱͬǿߣз֮ͬʱĸ񺣺ڸΧҲܰȻߣ
ţȷʵ˼Ҳô׵ģΪӣҲŻͬⳡ˵Ƹ۵һսһ漰ʯĺģˣŵĸܵһ̶ȵӰ졣Ϫͷ˵Ҳ׷׸ͣùʥǿߵĴС
°ϪҲ֪ģţҪлԵ֧֣ĻԵһŸǿФǬŻ˵з֮
ʵڰ⣬Ф춼òޣȻ̫ϳһˣЩų⣬Ҳϣ쵼ҪҶˮͮǿö࣬κؾ֮УûзԴϽָȨֻĽˮ˼˽ȥ
ʱϪͻȻʲôФ˵쵺֮ǰңʱչأһֱ£ţиСңԳǰ˵Ĵˣ㣬ΪѾҪʮ
Ϫһٴζѧ޺
ФɲôΪϪԼĸᵺ֮λһܣųΪ̫ϳϣԼĸѹô꣬ȻԷѾټεȨĿȴûа
˵ĵطͻȨĶңȻҲ⣬ΪȨζʵʵĺôеȨΪԼıԴ
ǣΪȨΪФĸ⣬Ϫ̫ϳФ֮Ĺϵ̫ˡ


1107 ׳
ڴУ̫ϳϺûĹ涨˭ĵλߣȫʵңĻϪҪФϲ٣ϾĲ
ʵһӸɽĸ߶Ͼܿˣ̫ϳɽߣФɽҪϼ֡µĴϺųϣְһЩ
ǹ黹衣Ф˰ϪеĴ
ܹ黹裬ҪϪ赭дһ仰ʮԭͲңʵ
Ҫֻʮ׻˭߳ɵİջ῭󲿶ӲܿҲᰲȻأֵܻ߰˰ڣǧʯԴܻشͶϻɽ״ӲӣȻң״ӿҲ˲أⲻҪɳսδȻ죡
Դ֧֣ټϴսʤңһڷɵĻᣡʱȴҪѹ˵ʮˣǲǺͿˣûʮң͵ڲ۶ǣǻôɱΪʥأ
Ϫ˵һ
Ф΢΢üδ˵ʲôʱϪȴФǬԪʦ𲻱صβμӺؾ֮У᲻»Ǹδ֪أһʲôңΪң׳ĻҲֻΪĬˡ
ФǬ˵䣬Ƿһ˿թЦݣóɱģκؾ֮УȻõֻᡣ
ŶаţϪȻФǬ˼Լͽ֮䣬Ϫûʲôɹ˼ɵģ̫ϳϵݣҲҪ˼һС
Ȼûţʮִ£Ҫҵ͸֪ôСӾȻȥؾԼκؾŪӦòѡŪСӣȻͱסʮ
ţúãʵֶΣɱȷʵףƿָȨأδҪԼ֡ϪͷʱⷽλڿеĴͻȻһ£׹һһòĸͷڴУң鱨ĳϰ٣κؾ֮е㱨һϡ
ؾĴھңԶõ鱨֮һʱˡ
һͷڳٳ϶ʱվٳϣѾͳˣ
Ȼڳһ԰ʮ㣬Ͼһս¹شǻǲⵣĳ⡣
٣ˣô
ٵ̫ϳϣض飬ֻǡһٶ״ֻ˲ʮˡ
ʮ𡭡Ϫ̾һǶңľӢǰ;Զ󣬾ôɳϧϧѾǺܲĽˣս˳Ҷˮͮ˴ؾĵңңӢۣҪúʹͣ
⡭ϪĻһ٣¶һ˿֮ɫ
ţôˣϪüһߣФҲվƤ΢ֲԤУжӳˣ
ǵġٵͷ
˵ФǬģгӣʵ¶ϻɽ񺣺ҲȻᵣİˣжǻ˭Ϳ֪ˡ
ФǬеɫĿ˰ϪһۣԪʦô˵ܰдСӰɡ
ţϪһЦԪȷʵѣ㰲ŵĲ׹һ
Ȼû˵꣬ٺһ仰ȴðϪӲİѰػ˻ȥ˵ǣصκؾ֮У״ӰûܳӦǡ׳ˡ
ʲô˵ʲôϪҧԼͷȻվһ˫۾Ű٣˵һ飿
˰Ϫ֮⣬ФǬҲǳɵۣĸ񺣺Χµİ±ϻɽȫΧҲмϣѳȥңһǿߣؾȻˣ
˵ңӼȫûʮФǬһΪǺؾгʲôʣУФǬǿܽܣڣңӻʮ˵£Ȼںؾˣֱ̫˼ˣ
˭ֵѵǱݺʲô飿
Ҳд󾪣۷׷ףФҲǺһûӦ񼸺ڶΪεѡ۸ʵ츳ǣĻԵûδǧڣٳһˣָʲ
УֻаˣҶˮͮأأФ켱еʵһҶˮͮ״еĶ磬ҪԿ֪Ľˮնܷʥشˣǹϵش
ˣκһǾ͸ʧˡ
ǡû¡˵¶֮ɫɫڴФǬУȴץ
ôܣôû£
ϪϪҲ˶ӣФǬĿϪмȼŭФǬпһ¡
ңô£㲻˵ź𣡣Ϊʲôˣȴû
ҡҲ֪ФǬʱ޵ĶˣԭԤϵȫ෴
̫ϳϰϪͬһǳң׼ңֶϵϵǶܣǰΪ׼ϣ˵֮λˣ԰ϪΪ׵İ׼֮ȴż𡣰ĵλȻҪ
ҶˮͮңҪ֪񵽵ôģϪʱͬһҪĻɽںؾ֪
̫ϳϣҶˮͮѾڸˡ˵ţȴЩҴϪĿ⡣
ؾĴң򺣵ףҶˮͮ͸ϹˣңڲʱյĴ֮һ׹⡣
ȳֵľҶˮ֮ͮ⣬мҶˮͮŵӣҶˮͮⰲ£ЩгĵӶûн
гϵĿ⣬ʱҶˮͮϡ
ҶˮͮϪֱӴڵɽϷƯҶˮͮǰԶĵط
ڡ
ңôģ˭ɱϪ˵䣬ĿһɨɢҶˮͮʱܵ˼ѹ
ҶˮͮԱ߳ĬʵܵѹҶˮͮ󣬰ϪϢаϪǴФǬһ˫۾ҲĿ絶
̫ϳϣսľһѾѾдս̫ϳϹĿ
Ҷˮͮ˵ţֽóʮöⶼФˮBдģÿϷһö
Ҷˮͮףʱ򣬰ϪһҪ֪˭ɱ˰ֱ˵ĻôϪ¸ͲǺĽˣ֪˵ǵѡ
ˣҶˮͮϪӦôӣҲΪһѺ


1108 
ʮö򣬵ФȻҲһöսĿͷ˿ûἰ˵ǵս
սФһ̧ͷҲȫסˣ֮ǰ֪ңӲʤȡ˴ԴǾսôɱͶϻɽٵȴܾˡ
ڿսȴȫš
˵ͶϻɽĵӼȫаĴ񺣺ţŵɽǴͻǧ
ûФˮB˵ϹŵЦЩԵá
ܹߵгˣҡФˮBߣҶˮͮһ䣬ָָ˵ŵɽǴͻǧĴ񺣺ڸȫʦ֮֡
ڿЦФǬ۾һɣе飬ʵҲ֪Ҷˮͮô˵ˣǶһЩرֶΣɱŵɽǴ򡢻ǧˣҲ֤Ǹµô£ҪɱûܱŪ
Ϸԣϸ벻ҪңӲϿЦϸ»ǲţȥѯӡ
Ҷˮ̹ͮȻФǬӣФǬҧҧϵսҪʲô취ɱЩ񺣺ߡ
ȻȥФǬȴɴ˫ۣԭΪӦʹʲôıȴû뵽ȫɱ
˵ԸǴͻǧﻹǳ֮ΣĻôԸŵͻɽǾȫԾҶˮͮǣɱˣ
⡭ФǬ㡭
ȫ֪˵ʲôˣŰɰ
ʱ򣬰ϪҲĿоȻ޷ţ鲻٣Ϊ̫ױҴˡ
ϪţȻսФˮBдµĲ²⻰ʯУФˮBҶˮͮɳ͵Ϯͽ׽Ǵ򣬿ʳǴԣǵǰ
ԭǴҲҿ϶ǳҶˮͮ˾ǰ񣬵ФˮBһ㣬⺬ȥˣ˵ĸоǣǴѾ϶ͽݡ
дȻΪնһ
һɺԣ
ϪȫȻ˫ȭһֻžһ죬еս˷ĩ
ǴҰģ츳ߣңδܵĺѡˣΣ壬ǰҧһڣҪݺҿųģô
Ϫͭӣÿһ³Ƭ֮лصƣФˮBЩɫף״еλҲƫϣʱԹŭ̫ϳϣϪǼﵽʥˣңʥصĻҲܵʥĳƺֻʥе׵İˡ
ҶˮͮסФˮB֣˵̫ϳϣʵˣЩȷʵǹǴ˵
ߣôĶһǼٵģͲҪд֮˰ɣϪһ˦Щĩȥȫ˼Ӳʯ֮УʯмĶФˮBһ̲ס룬Щ۴Լϣʲô
һǼٵģ׳Ϊô˵أФˮBߣȴȫܰϪƵӰ죬ƽķһ䡣
һ䷴ʣʱðϪɫǵ
ңǰ׼ҵͶϻɽôһֱıңţ̫ˣǰ׼Ҷܲ
ðϪγϣ
һɣɰ񣬻ǰ׼ң
׼ҡФңңҪ壬Ȼǧ˿ƵĹϵҲľ׼ҷĳţɻð׼ҵܵӰ죡
ʲô㾹ȻϷ򣡣Ϫ˵䣬Ŀ⼸ʵʣͬȻ
׳ϣ㣡Фû뵽Ϫ˵־Ͷ֣λñڰϪҪֹȴѾˡ
ߵļϣϪҲûиҳֵģ˵ϪҲʵʻֻǻЩͷ𣬲Ҫ
ݣ
ֻоһ̷·ɭ֮еסüģֻҪһܹᴩʶ

һҧ羫֮ھ֮ϿգƽεĺսХŷɳͬʱʵʻսͶӰʮɷΧͬսһ㽫
磡
־飬ϪĿ֮ҲڱϵڣʵߵĿⲻܳΪĽϪĿɱΪһעУĿǿߡ
ţƽս飿
ڳڶϣǼʶ㷺ĸ֣ϲƽսγɵ־ͶӰ
ϪĿ֮Ҳʵʻ־ͶӰֻǽͶӰ۳ɽ״ȴ־ͶӰûɲƣֵĿ֮Ĺ
ֻлƽս飬ſֱӰ־ͶӰʵʻ־֮־֮ܡ־֮ìֱӹͷ۳־֡־֮־˿ߵȣӰֵжöڹгʧ
һ㣬ͭսͰսֻܹעڡҶɰУǱóɱ
ʩչģǻƽս顣
ƽΣǴԵĻƽս飬Ʒʼߡ
Űɣ֪ôġ
ƽսѵãԵĻƽսѵãԭսֻһ˿ϢԣǿңںɿռдȾĺ֮սѾޱ֮һƾǳĶ־Ч֪
ţϪȫû뵽ԼԭЩͷֱӱղȻûȫֻΪ˳ͽײһ޹ΪȻһʵȥǾʧݵˡ㵹֣
ϪĵעΪԼ˵СԷ츳ԽߣԽк޲þ˼
΢΢ƽ궯ѪٺЦ˵׳ϣʲôͲҪˡ
һϷĻ˵Ի̣Ҷˮͮпһ£
ڰϪ򣬻֪ѰŪ˵˾֪Ļǻ֪ʲôأдͲҪٴ̼˰
ФˮBҲǶʹɫȴӶԹԵ˵׳ϣããɳǵصʱǲڿ֮ȴܱ͵ϮžãȻ飿һҧûκƾݣһɺԣѵ飬½֤ʵˣ˵ǰ׼ҵ
ϪȻ̤ǰһµĺɽ¡һ𣬼һ̤ѣĻðϪѾ׶ɱġ
һΣФ׼һͰϪ֮䣬׳ϢŭעһԴǣФ˵


1109 İϪ
ǸФȻ֪ФѵʵάԼ˳˵
ϪȴϰݣФ죬ҽҪһ˵СͲңˣȴһɺԣڶײϷڮҰ׼ҵϷʹ˰ݣδ棡
ϪþӸλˣͬ˽ľ֮һʵ۵˼ʮˣϰ˴󳼵ĸʱȴͻȻһé®СӵڶײӹĻǽ֪ˡ
׳ϲ֪Ҫ˵Цʵ
˵ǣ֤أó֤ߣҰ׼ףò֤ݣϷ򲻿ϪƮԼµĺɽƮǰӸµ
֤ݵУֻ㲻Ҳ顣
ʲôϪͷѾŭ㣬֤ݣϷ׷鵽ף֮ò֤Ҫ
޹˼ɵĴЦò֤ݣҪǰ׼ǰԵôҷ㣬ó֤أǲҲл
˿ϪսϪߵĻڳٳ϶ľСǷˣŭϪûкùӳԵġ
˵ʲôϪɫˮһһٵ˵
Ѿ˵ˣⲻˣ˵ͽ˿ǹǴֻǳһ飬֤ݣòҪ
ó֤ȴҪκδۣһʳպٱɣ»ĵǰԵʲô
ϪЦΪʲôϷ򽲵ƽʸôߵ磬ʵΪֻʵһ𣬲е͹ƽԣ㲻һֻڵϣţҲǴһϣҪ㣬ͨһŲһֻô򵥣˭˭㻹ŸҽƽǴεȵز
ɱΪҰ׼ҵҰ׼ҵǧ򱶣ϧ㾹ȻҪвϷҪϷҲóģ㲻Լ˭ֵ٣Ц

ڰϪŭʱһų֮°ФˮBдս򷭵棬ţ򻹷ֳд˲עĻ֪滹һЩݣⲻǹ鷳ô
ԭ߿ٶȺܿ죬һ۾ɨ꣬ФˮBսȴֳ֣мһƬհףĶļͺñһʼǱǰһЩ飬м䶼ǿհףĩβּһЩ飬˿мĿհףȻΪ鵽Ϊֹˣȥ
Ȼڳ˵ֻҪĻֻҪͷһܽöꡣ
ųϿսһƪصݣɽϹ΢ţ˼Ŀûɣ񣬾ȻϣСӡϪ֪ĻǼֱ
ΪϪִʵ̫ۣûм϶ģҶˮͮҲΪż𰡣αΪһ֮ȥ̫ϳϰϪ
԰ϪĿֲѹƺȻδЦŷʵô˵ұ΢ܹ˰׼ҵһһӦøеˣ׳ϣ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ񲻿ѱ䣬Ȼ˿϶ֺαصó֤
ó֤ݣһὫ׳򣬺ٺ١
һ˳ǰ׼ҸĴֵۣǮ̵˵Ҳ֪ҪðϪʲôģǲܵ飬ݾ;һСġ
׳֮ǰ˵ˣʲô֤ݶ̽һ£Ҿó֤̽ˣ̽飬Ǿͱ˵ҵ֤Ǽٵġ
㾡óϪ䣬Ŀ¶ɱֻҪ㲻֤ˣʲôУȻ֤̽
ãҪľЧŭϪûû͸İǰϪ϶ᵱߣ˵ȥѻˣԲӦ
ǸλϣΪ³Щ˸λʵճؾʱûӦò˰ɣ
ؾ֮󣬾ͶάϵԪöԷ˥ѻַҪԷʵʩ
ߵ֣껹ܱϬĹһôҲû취ʹѻˡ
˵ţѾİϼ˳ʱİȫѪģѾˣȫ飬ѪҺɣǻǻгѪ¶ֹͣۿǲˡ
ϪûеһʱϳֱϡܵϵϢ
񣡡
Ϫ˫ĿʱѪ죬ٿѾɱޣŭ𱬷Ūˣ
ǣ̹Ȼϡ

ϪȻ̧֣֮䣬ڴǧ̺֮γӿɫϮɱ
һ̣׼Фͬʱ֣˫һϣ֮жʱ󲩴ƣЩһ𣬱γһɾ޴Ϫĺ籩ȫС
Ф춯õƣңб̺Ҫ֪ңһ޴ҲһսݣƿңңεеȨ
ФȻʵϪңУϪȴФĶ֡
Ф죬ңϪŭ
׳ϻ밴ذ£ҪҲҪվ˵ФЩ䣬ȻΪϪǰФ԰ϪмӣҲ˰Ϫ֮ǰѾ˵пͽ˵֤֤һ㣬׳ҲӦˣò֤ݵĻɱ٣ھóȻ֣ǷһɱڵĿء
Ф˵䣬ֳԽԽ࣬γһϱڣΧ棬ȻҪάˡ
Ф죬ãܺãϪһ˵֣Ȼŭ˼㡣
̶תĿɱ˵ĻҪǧٿˡ˵֤أ
ʼ磬˵׳ϣһѾѾµ˰ɣ֤ݾǰѻ̽鼴ɣţ̷ϡФԼͬʱ̽飡
˵ʲô
Ϫ˫ĿѪ죬ѻһҰԵħѻ֮󣬱ѻɰ׳գȻѻַȴǳãȻѵҩ󷨡һิޱȵĶǵѰ鱨֮Ķȴڻ£ϣҲԡ
׳ϣԼ˵ģ֤ݶ㲻̽ĻͲˣҰѾˣҲν˵˵ˡ
˵䣬·Ҫ֤Ļһ㣬ĳ鴤һ£㳹ײˣ΢΢ҲͣΪεѡİô


1110 
ǰͬһİڳ϶ü΢ľѾԴ²²ˣҶˮͮһεĿбϻɽ͵ϮԼ˳ݱܵһзߵĿڹìͷָ˰
ȻǵзߵĿڹûʵ֤ݣľǲҪѻ֮ܽѻְԵֻҪѻһξͻƻѲߵľ֮޷ٶ̽ˣҲ˵ûѰĻꡣ
ûѻ꣬Ҳûʮ϶ͽ
£ɶְѰУȻңŪٵѻꡣ
ڳǶЩˬϾңĵӣûκ֤ݵ£ͱôɱˡ
Сӣģ
ȷʵݶ츳ԣպɳǲˣħ˻ħˣ
ĺݶҲ˵ǿµʵҲڳϼɵѣڼ񺣺Χɱ¶ܵȴ൱ڱ׽ˣʵԱȣɲֹ˲ֹһ㣡
ƾӵһ仰ɱ˰ǰ׳ϣҲҪŭ
ȷʵСңΪʮǣôš
ڳǷ׷ԪţԭңΪ˴ʮɱ˰ʹڳ϶ʵûʲôӡ
ԭˣȫû֤ݵ¾Ͷ֣˭Ȩ̷ϺڣϪһŭ⣬֮һ󺺴һɽվ
׳ϣڡκθ飬һ˽ӣң̷ϡ
ûκ֤ݵ»ɱ״ӣңõ
׳ϣңɱ״ӸõǷȥȫ书Ϊˣ
ã˵úãϪЦţ쳹ؾռ䡣
ЦſôҿѰĻ꣬ǣҪȰȥȫ书ģһһȴѻĽףФ죬㲻û̷ϵĻɣŹ֮ǰƽȣǵѵŹ棿֪ʲôάһɱ˱ŵӵˣֵηڣ
ϪεǿƵܱһСǣűߣҪѻ֤׼ҵףҲԹԽİţδ棿
άФ죬ϪһñӿФüͷȷʵ¼ѹܴ
ʱ򣬴ФǬվƤЦⲻЦ˵׳ԼǣҪѻ꣬ҲҪȴФƺƫ̻һ֮άŵӵ棬ȴȥһˣϧң׳϶ţǺε
ФǬҲФˣֻФᵺ֮λʧܣ˴ϣԲЩƫԼʦϪФ֮䣬ϵʵڲ
ңϵĵλڵ̫ϳϣФǬ˵Ҳ൱ķټڳ϶֮ǰȷʵЩˬмվ͵
ӦŹ洦ãպЧĳͽֽɱѻ꣬ھˣ
ФһЩﻢˣʱФ첼µϱں˳Цȫ书˼˵ҲңĵӣȴңŹ洦ң
ѵǰ׼ҪɱңҾ͸¾ɱ˰񣬾ҪŹ洦ãȥȫ书һȻ
ķϪЦƾʲôңŹ洦㣿⻹ôƾҵʵǿƾҵΪߣУʲôɱ㣬ͬɱһֻһͷһˣ˭ˣ㲻¾ܷɣҰ׼ҵǧ򱶣ɱҲΣҶҪᣬ㻹ҪֱۣЦ㲻ԼＸûи۵ʱ
Ϫ˵һҶˮͮФˮBǱסˣФüͷµѾƿزסˡ
ĽǰĽǰФкʱһ̾Ϣƾ֮ؾռͻȻ
ʲôˣ
ϪȻһӶɳĿǰĿռ䷢΢Ťһ¸ƾճ֣նһƯŵУɢһӺݻ۷ϢһĹ⣬ôա
ǴģһֱͲ֮пⳡϻᣬȴû˷İӰӣ
⡭⡭
Ϫǰϣܵ˿ֲѹԷʵɲ⣬ʥұȰϪǰʥǿö࣬ǿʲô̶ȣϪ˵׼Ƿ۰ϪԼΪңǿߣֻǿǿոʥĩβˣ
ǰϪڳг϶ɵˣصĸ˾Ȼңǽߵľ룬ȴûһ֪ʵ֪
㡭˭
֪ΪΣϪǰϸܵһϤϢȴֲ֪ϤϢ
¸ȻĽˮˣӽվòȻĹ֮У˿УòȻܱ¶֮ǰϾ漰ܷʥصĳڤӡ
ұôͳǰΪ黹û׼ãǳȴЩΪǵˣΪһС£óҳӡ˵ģѻɡ
ĽˮƽķԸȻڳλң߲Ф֮⣬ûһʶȴ޷Υ档
ϪƤ΢⸾˵ѹս˫ȭС£ѻꣿߣ˵ѻѻꣿ㵽˭ңصأУƾʲôҷʩΪĽˮϿֲƣϪͶˡ
ĽˮͻȻתͷϪĿȻ˵ƾʲô㷢ʩ⻹ôƾҵʵǿƾҵΪߣУʲôɱ㣬ͬɱһֻһͷһˣ˭ˣ㲻ҵܷɣ
ĽˮͻȻǿϪղŸ˵Ļȫһ飬ðϪɫ䡣
㡭㡭
Ϫ÷˱飬ǱԼ˵ĻԼƫƫܷ
֮ǰķתۼ䣬ɫķ̣֮ǰԽǵ⣬ͱԽס⻹Ŀ֮£ңС˷̵
Ϫҧ촽ս˫ȭָĿ۽ŶĽˮ֣һʤϣã
ڿʼѻɣ㡭Ϫѻѣ㡣
Ľˮ˵Եʵѹ֮£˸ҷ


1111 
̷Ϻͼ쳤϶һۣڰϪߣһƹ̷һܵӣѻȻҪǳˡ
ڵФ죬Ѿվ͸˵İߣ׼ˣٲְ궼Ҫɢˡ
ʵĽˮ棬ФȫûκüĸоʵԼʧܣ󣬻ҪĽˮʰо֣ûĻס档
ʵʵУʥʵ£Ͳô෴ˡФţ¾ġ
תͷ԰Ϫ˵׳ϣɣ֣ҾͿʼˣѲ鱨ͱˡ
ʱİϪͬһĻɽȫڲţãѣڮҰ׼ҵҽڴ֤ңô꣬Ұ׼ҳ˽ܣңݺţΪݵУҰ׼ˣмΪ֮
ڼɵ˵ûбȹħݺŵӸӵ¼ˣ⼸ǰѼ嶼ڳϵ顣
˵ǰͷͽһὫңӼԶȥڵǸԩҪᣡԹɱ˳쾭壡
Ϫ˵ţȻһָĿ̺޵ɱԹޣ
ϪĿ⣬ҲǸоͷƤһ飬ĿϤΪѾܶˣֺ޵ݵĿ⣬Ϊ֮ǰŷӵ飬һĿ⣬׽ţȡһЩֶնݳ
ǰϪǵŷӣ޷̳ǣǰϪ̫ˡ
Ľˮ˰ϪĻЦһ᣿УȰǰ׼ҵǧ򱶣᣿ֱЦ㲻ԼＸûиҪʱɱ˰Ҳɱ˾ɱˣһڵǸһΡ
ʲôԸϪˣ˵ÿһ仰ȫĽˮԭⲻĻˣ
ϪûôһǵңС棡
ϰλȨأϰ˷ʩ裿
ҼＸãҾ㿴ҵĽб£Ӳһ
ϪŭȵͻȻֽгһɫ׾޹⣬жغһ̵ľҶǽһʣȴϢ嫣ǵأ
Ȼһ
ϪȻбŭҲû裬֪ԼųɾŲŮ˵Ķ֣˵нֻһҪӣŮǳ⼤ռƣοֻһУԼ㲻УҲ̫ͬҲԴ̽Ů˵ʵֻǸеŮϢ£ǲȴ޷ȷԷʵôǿƴҲҪŮս
㲻ΪʲôңôһˣФ컹ʶ
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Ϫһڵǧ̺֮һʱ䣬ңŰϪ֣˼һĻˣϪĽˮƺͻȻʱգʱȫ룡
һ㶣⾿ԭڴǧԭڵͬһʱн֣ǽ۲˶ôֲıըᲨΧʥǿ߹УƬٿϻõʱؾǶҪˡ
ռɲǼŤֻĽˮߣɫĹâ콵ѩѩƮƬʱգǰããһƬ
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һʲôŰ׹ȻϪɫ԰׵ĵϣͷϣϣȫǱЩƤ壬ȫ̲סĶš
㡭㡭Ϫڲţϵ壬ȫղţŮǰоԼͷ·һͯһˣûκη֮Ը⣬пһɱԼ̫ԶˣԭĻԶ
Χ೤϶Ϫңĵһ֣ôִܣ˿ŮԸ⣬ȫˣ
㲻óңУ㵽˭ϪȫĽˮòоĽˮʥ۷壬ӽˣôܳңʥضûﵽУ
Ľˮûлش𣬳ôţʱФ˰Ϫһ̨£˵׳ϣѻɣĻǣѾʼɢˡ
ѻꡭϪһ£ĿĽˮһۣߵ˼쳤Ϻ̷֮䣬ѾȥСʱİ
ŰҲ̶õʬ壬ϪͻȻ̧ͷҧ˵Ҽˣԩɱ޷ΪҼסڤڤ֮ɱ˺ɱ֮վḶۡ
Цһ㻹̽˵Щɡ
ɱ˺ɱ֮˵ȷʵˣߵڲɱ¾ɱˣȻиǿɱ㡣ǣʲôӦǾ޻̸֮ˣ߽磬˲ٻǧżʣοɱ˴ռ߶Էȡ֮մȻɱȴûеĹ
̬ȣϪһзߺޱȣҲ޿κΡ
ע뵽Ѿʼʬ֮ڣͬʱФ졢̷ϡ쳤Ҳһ̽飬׼ȷȻӹɡ
ѻ㲻ʲôطͬʱ̽鵽鱨ҲЩģģĸһңܿҵ˰Ժжŵؼ䡣
֮У¼ɡԹޡ
Ǳ㿴˸һһȥʥĴУʥµĿĳһεĵطͶϻɽĹߣÿͨһ֮󣬾ÿԻ٣һ˿һ֤ݡ
Ͷϻɽһɱţ֮࣬ȻҲҶˮͮ
⡭⡭ϪЩ֮󵱳ʯȫӲ˫ֶڷ
ңѾӹɣ
ɱҲȻռ˵
Ϫɫ԰ף촽⶯ţʲô˵ˡ
һԣФ̾һҡҡͷ̷Ϻͼ쳤ϣǳǵѡ˳Ĭ
̬ȺͷӦʲôѾһĿȻڳ϶һڿˮ˵ˡ
ƲģҶˮͮ
ںؾһսң˵Ƹˣϵң˵£ȻΪ˽˶ԹϧҶˮͮˣʵ
ʣôΪʵǿ񺣺ΧɱȫˣӾδˣ
Ǻӵо


1112 Ļ
ѾˣҸоźѾõӦеĴҪѸţøԴΪ䣡Ф췢ܽԵĻ˳£ѸǺݺݵĴ˰׼ҵð׼
ФôΪ˴׼ңΪ֮ǰлɱѾ״дˣĵӿҲѾ֪ˣҪиͺͽ
ϪФĻ촽鶯һ£վһ仰û˵جΰһ졣
ͻȻתͷĽˮ죬㡭˭Ϊʲôң
Ϫһʣ˵ĿҲĽˮͶǶ֪Ľˮ쾿ʲôˡ
Ľˮһ£һɼ߲ʽϣ˫ӡƬؾʱ֮УһööƸֳΧռƮЩµɽ嶼¡¡ĳȥ˶˵ϡ
һĻλȻһĽˮ첻ǿƽɽ壬ң󷨣
ңһƷ׼ߵܹأһȻݣ˵ʮңڣôңң֮ûʮңֻǻȱʧԴδķչܵԼʥûңңķͻ轵һΣʱ򣬶ϻɽֹңĻܽңڣ
ˣңʱңѳңĳϺ״ٮٮ߳չأûңңʧҪʧȥʮ
ҲΪԭԹңı־ܹʹңڣŮˣȻҲܲңе󷨣ڳβ
㡭ôƿңϪһ˹ı顣
Ľˮ쵭Ŀ˰Ϫһۣ˵ңҵҽңΪң֮ĿȨȴһֱҵУҲֻܹʹˡ
ʲôϪ״סˣظ˾Ȼһֱƿң
Ҫ֪ڳƽʱңټظ˵Ŀʵʱʱ̿ƿңгϵҲң
Ȼ䣬ϪһǰΪʮϢй¶ȥңҪȡʮ飬ң֧Ųסʱ򣬱һ˳֣ԽӽڽʵңŻ˵ˡ
һۣң˳ǧƽڣڼչٶȼ죬ģңҲ㹻ȽŸסԴˡ
룬Ϫ֮ظϸܵһϤϢΪһǰˣϢƣ
һǰң󷨣߾ڣУʮҲģ
ϪȻͨˣǰ֧˺ܾܿǰظˡ
ô˵Ľˮ˵
ԭˣֲãֲã̫ЦˣϪҡͷԳ֮ɫ
ȻһֱƿңѹԵʵңʹû뿪գȻˣֱӳʮͺãܷ㣿
Ľˮʲôɣ
˵ףĽˮЩһֱĻңΪУڹҰע⣬Ͼ򣬰벽ǿҲǴײˣͻȻðһٰʮ껹ãĻпܱڤӲͻң֮֡
£̲躹ޣȫѡ
һĽˮĳ֮ǰʼƿңǾžսʱ̵ĵζĽˮҪʼؽܷʥأչڤ֮ľսˡ
ĳ֣ȻĽˮִңӣһʼĽˮֻڹ۲ֱһϵе鷢ĽˮϿңֲȷʵп꣬ǧ֮ڣؽܷʥء
Ľˮ˵֪ҵĳ֣Ǵг˲¼ɺųǣΪҵʵΪңִߣǲΥңȴжֵƣ
Ľˮ˵䣬Ŀɨȫڳ϶о˫Ŀ·ҪԼһ㣬޷Ľˮӡ
Ľˮңɷչ꣬ң߲㣬˵û֪ĽˮĴڣͻȻ֣ԼңĻˣȻң߲ĵƣָоͺñֳĹһֱڹժӳԣһ죬ȴͻȻ֪һƬ԰ʵһĻˣԹӣҲʱѹ԰ջȥʱж᲻ˡ
Ľˮǻеҵͷҿ⣬Ϊǲ˽ңҲ˽ңʷǵУһ죬ңƷʥأǾĪҫƷʥأҲڳеշܶĿꡣ
ҿңΪƷʥأںܳһʱڣҲǾƷʥ׵ģ򣬲һ̶֥СŰˣңһľƷʥأÿ綼ϰٸ⻹һЩţЩ䣬С磬Ҳдʤңǲ׺һڰˣ
˵ǵķܶĿĻǵĳɾҲڴˣĿݡ
Ľˮһ˵ڳ೤϶΢΢üĽˮ˵ʵǳʶڳĸ֪Ĺ
ǷǳĺޱߣҲ֪ЩĿֲ֮ҪңΪȴˣңǿ߾ϣĴУʥǿ߲ܳΪϡ
ĽˮȻЩϵ뷨˵ǴΪ˵һвǳ˵ΣʵʵĻ룬Ҹ˵ңǰһʥأǷ񻹻أ


1113 Ľˮĺͼ
ʥأ
Ľˮһ˵ڳ೤϶Ȼһңµ˾ƷʥؼҲʥ׵ġ
ͬǾƷʥأҲϹŷֵĶʥأʮͨʥء
Ϲŷ֮ϣǽʥء
ϸϵĽʥأҪнǿ²ǴҲҪƥнʵ
ʵϣΪĵʵ̫ѣܶһ˽һûнˣϹˣǻҪһĶʥǿһΣҲǽʥء
ȫǴ˵еĴڣ˵Ƿĵ۶ôңһСˣܡ
ңǰǽʥأ
ô᣿
ڳ϶ЩţָоͬһС˼гһͻȻ˵Լʵǻ֮лѪͳ
ǰ˵ʵңʷҲֻε֪ʱФ쿪˵
ңȷʵżıλųңΪȡǵĶȨʵϣҲȡǵĶȴǴ࣬ǵĿֻǶžƷʥأֻ˵ǵĿ̫ǳˡ
˵Ľˮ죬ȻĻһЩڴ֮⣬Żɵ̬ȡ
쳤ü˵ǰ˵ңǰǽʥءĽʥѾ˰ɣǺڹĺϣϻɽԴ
ٻԻ͵ĹȥҲʷǰ˵Ŀǳҳϣ뷴һ䣬ѵǰңָյٹ⣿ʵҪָɽʥأֻǱɶľƷʥأҾ;һ漣ˣ֪ǰ׼ʵʩ
쳤ϵ˵ڳ˵ĿЩڻˣңлѪΣǻѾƷˣѪһĲֵˣ㲻ûΪѪɱ֮
еɻĽˮѾϵһЦ˵ңĵ̣ȻڶʱܹңǾͲһˣ룬һĴҪ齨һţ齨һ֧ʲô

ĽˮĻЩʶĶһۣһֻǧ磬ҲֻǧдǽǿеϲʵѾ޷⣬ǵšһ磬齨ŵĻһͨʥؼֱǣɶʥϡƽֻ齨һʥزŷǵݡ
Ȼһͣʱ䣬ǴӵеĴУƿصӵеԴһУѣ
һ˵õȮ죬뵱ܴ½ʱ򣬳Ϊµһ֮˵Ҳܵ˼ĸǧΪǿߣҽǿеٮٮߣټ˵ĺԴһ˵ڶʱھܽΪʥǰ϶飬δ֮ڣȡλãΪĴ֮һ
һӽһƷţһ
ٶȣǿɲչܹģ
ֻǴǴǰʮĴأһĽ֮ѷ֣齨ţֻΣ
齨ţҪپʱ䣬ңΪչһأλΪԪϣЩѸߣǱʣ࣬Ҳܵõĺô
Ľˮ첻˵Ļȴڳľ
ȷʵңһԾΪʥأΪԪϣȻܸŵõٺôǽʥذźȵҪңгǿö࣡ʥصң⣬⣬ܱô
ĽˮǰȻˣȴܸһֲʵʵĸо
ˡֱԣǰ˵һУ̨ܶʱ򶼻˵ʲôĿ꣬ǧĿ꣬Ŀ꣬ߣߣΰͼģǧʵһﵽеʥˮƽ֮࣬ʵϣĵĿʱ֮ǾͻѡԵ£ʵĿм
ǰ˵ģдǰʮĴŵȷʵȥĶŪĴдôΪǷ񣿡
һ飬̨ʱΪܻһЩΰͼЩ˵ĻԼţЩԼˣǵʵֵģǧ֮ݶ˵ˡ
ȻܰǣܰǵĴֻһֿܣǾԼģĽˮһﾪˣڳ϶ǲԾ죬ݺݵĳ鶯һ¡
һʥضһ
Цɣ
ʥأܱ֤Լÿһн
νÿһɲͨһʲôģýһ
һܻꡣ
Ͻ֮ǰ½ܵǾͲƲӣֵصĴϲ֮£
Ҳ˵½ʥأжУԴõžΧʹָ£굮һǶҵˣ⻹ֻһĽǴ
ң˵ˣһʥǶллصˡ
Ҷˮͮ˵ȻһȺۣ˵δܳɾʥȴϣã
ǰ㲻ڿЦҪںĺÿѪȥѰǼֵʯԴ
ǰһ˵ԴĴУҲûӰһ˵һ٣ȻѡѲɡǰ˵
һ˵ڳ˶ԼͬĿʣĽˮҪʵʩļƻֻһǾǡȻҪһ
ǰ˵
ڳ೤Ϸ·һʶƵģ£⽫顣
ôǾòôĽˮ췴ʡ
ǲܣǡ϶һۣһϡί񡱵˵ǿԲ󡭡
ǧʱһ⵮ĺ
ƽһǧŵһ
򰡣޾аšʥأڶ壬ǧ磬С磬ؾռ䣬½ʮڴǧǣ
һǧʱ䣬׻ӿֳ飿
׶޷ݣ
ѾǷܹĸˣл˶Ķӣ𼶴ܵĺˣ
ʲô
飬޷
ǵĺ˳ΪĸȻö࣬ôǾ
˵ܳΪȴʵ᲻
ʱϪͻȻЦһ˵ԭҶˣֲǰ˵Ұ׼ҵǧٱˣԭǰҪɴңʥأǺ뷨


1114 ڼ
ϪĻ̺һ˿̵ζʵϣȻû˸Ϫ˵ԣдµ뷨Ҳ࣬һŷչļƻôЩףһǧųһ˵͵ĸʣζı
ʥǿߣڡڵʱ򿴳ԤĳλŽܳΪʥƣǽǿߣȴ˸Ԥԣʥ֮Ĳ࣬ǵ蹵ݡ
ǰ˼׼ʮҲˣһңδ
Ϫд̣仰ڳ೤ϵͬңʥأǲ֪ϣã飬ʮеĺôһûˣǵʧϿüģ
ϣһ㣬ʮңҴңģܽǴҲܽߣҽľֻ֪ͨǣ
죬㸺ǩԼ
Ľˮ˵ֽ꣬ȡһɫᣬָһФͬʱĽˮ췢һϣֱӽߵһʱ֮С
Ľˮһߣڳ϶ʱ۷׷ף鷢̫ͻȻһʱܲˣңһӳһ̫ϻʣȻһֱƿңȨǾȻ֪
ƿңͬʱнӽʵ㣬Ǹûа㷴
ФȻҲ֧Ľˮģ˵㣬εĽˮĿܣĽˮ˵ʲôִֻС
ѵǾôȫŮ˵İţ˵ʲôʲô˵ǴФǬΪ˱ܻ䵺Ф죬õԪЩĽˮֳһЩĳϡ
ǻô죬㻹ܷɣ
û˵ʲô𣿽еĶעңԴעϣ˭֪Сӽܷչʲô̶ȣҳسʥǹǳΪʥʲôãܸǴô𣿡ФǬ˽ɿڳϵķФǬԼûаӡ󣬱˵ܳΪܿУңԻͣҲûаôɳ𣬰бʱʵһֱ򵥣
£ФǬԸңֹǰҲԸ⿴
ʡʡɣȻҲŮ˵ļƻ̫쿪ûܷ˵ˣʮŮ˵ģ˭ø˭á
ǿϧˡôöϣоڳ齱ؽʵ͵ĿֻͶһǮźܶ˶ȥҲԣŮͶ˴ĴۣȥǸãͷʵǡ
Ϸ׷ҡͷ츳ǺãңǾ޵پޣǷأ
Żʥ۷ɣһʮһʥ۷ǿߣòʧФǬˣҲͬУ˵ʲôأʲô壿
ʱ򣬵ФĽˮµľᣬž֮ϣַӵĻƣһعϵϢ֮ɢ
ᣬȻһ
ȻƷߣϾʱڳгϽĿͶ˹
᣿
ФԼǰѾھ֮һξѪΪԼӣˣ֮һѪһ꣬ԣڼĽǰ飬й¶̻ᱻԼɶԼЧ֮꣬ԼԶʧЧ
ԼǸߵȼѪΪ͵ȼǩԼǩýҲľᣬȻµľѪ꣬ԼʧЧʱ򣬶Աջأ㲻ʧ
ĽˮУʥأģȶǰĸֽʥظĴ£ƲĽˮݣԴˣĽˮ첻òЩϣܶ඼Ų
λʱ䣬Ҫ;ҪˣǾأ
Ф΢Ц˵Ľˮ첻ѣһǰҲζңʼ߶Ƚ䱸Ľ׶ˣҲζܷʥصؽƻճ̡
⡭ڳʶ֮ǰĽˮǰΪҪܣңǰ»Ҫһң
һз࣬һʱըԭνġѪͳûдôʱѪ֮֡
ʲô°
ڳ϶ˣ˹ˣҲĽˮ춨Ȼע﷢飬ԼȻҪǩҲֻѹеƣ֮ǰʼǩԼ
ʱңһǧ֮Уһ̨֮ϣΧɫ壬ͬһš
ĽܷѩѾħռгȫɢŵӫ⣬ͬӣƮݳ
ĽˮĽܷѩһԣĬĬĿã˵ѩùÿǶ˵ˣҲ֪ǶǴ
Ľˮ֮ǰڳϻϵΪĽܷѩ⣬ԭĽˮҲΪؽܷʥصϣȫѹһǵľϾΪϣ̫ãˡ
ǳ֮⣬ĽˮҲûбĸõİ취ټĽܷѩҲˡ
Ҫ֪ܷʥػڵʱĽܷѩʹ漣ͱ編˫ޣĽϼˣʥȫĽܷѩ˫ޣȻȴһУȻˡԵ䡷
ĽܷѩҲȷʵΪԵ䡷Ϊʱ䣬ĽܷѩϵĳɼȴӹɣڤӷѵʱĽܷѩ뿪ǣֻʣһ֮ңˡ
ǲ˼ĳɼ
ˣĽˮĽܷѩĿԲŲεʮ֮ǰķΪǡ
ùãƺҵľĽܷѩЦ˵
ȷʵãҲûа취ѾʵʩˡĽˮε˵ԭѾﵽڤӣӰ֮£ؽܷʥؾһܵ飬ҲûбѡʵѾ൱ɫˣǵڤӺγɫڤ˺ü꣬ȥڤӡ̫ˣ
Ľܷѩγ֪һ㣬ŵ˵ùãһҵжϣſɡ
Ը˰ɡѾˣֻܰá
ܲܰⶼĽˮһΪܷʥصؽŬˣϾԪҲûʣ̫࣬Ŭʧܣûʱ䣬ûоһֵļƻˡ
ȥ׼ʮڡԳˡ
ĻѾ㹻ҲʮһˣʮһɣѾˣѹƵһĸѾʵ£ټĵر֧֣ͻƾɣ֪ʲô⾰
Ľܷѩڴ˵ؾһսôʱۺںϣѾȫڵ֮Ѫǳɵʱ


1115 ʮ
ʲôҪɾɣҪʮһ𻤷һҪɽţ
ɾɵϢĽˮ촫һжФ첼ãΪĽˮԤƣɾɵƲСˣңɾɵƣȻ۵Ԫƣ̺ڡ
̫Ĺע֪ڶɾɣΪĵر鷳Ͼңһ̺ǳţĽˮ챾˸ǲ̫ע⣬Ե͵ɾǵ
򲨶һ־Ϊ֮С£ĽˮФʮϲηεɾɵԪ͵أȫ
ڿЦһɵСɣҪɽţҪʮ˻˵ʲôԪҸСһô֪֪ڳɣ֪˻Ϊڳʥأɾôƣʱǻըˣ
ȷʵеˡ
ʮϾۼһодФǬ
ң˶Ľˮ·ɱ̫ϻеִһ̨ſڣչͼһʮְ䲼ô׵ʮΪһС
ôˣ
Фü˵һЩʵ˵ȷʵ΢ɾɵԪƲ򣬸ʵ޹أǵҪشĲɣ
ţƺİǲһҪȥԿˣФǬ̵߶ɾɻ򲻼٣ֻǸһЩƬϴֲǵģ˵ԿʵЩˡ
ФɫǰķԸòҪ˲ӣ򣬺أ
ɾɹУĽˮҪʮФƿң󣬹ԪԪƲȻˡ
ˣʮѾǰߵңıչصˣԺʮժʮҲֻűдЩˣ⶯á
ФͻȻ˵ФǬ˶ǳһʲô˼ʮֲıչصˣǸŮ˲Ҫʮɾɰɣ
뵽ФǬһӵɴ۾ԭΪĽˮ׼ʮպ磬ǳɾʥʱʹãû뵽ڶɾɾҪã
ֹǱĸݵģ
Фͷ
ʲôⲻڿЦǿһʮ˷ѣɾɣ̣Ҳộİɣ
Ф쿴ФǬһۣ˵Ƿ˫ޣɾɱϼѣҡȥɣűУҪһ磬ҪϴȻǻԽ񣬻õĺôԽʵɾʱ򣬿¶Ҫʲôҩˡ
˫ޣ
ФǬ˶һۣӶԷп˼ɫǷ˫ޣ
ʵ˫޲ֻ̽Ǵûۼ֣Ҳûø֪רȥΪȻͲ֪ˡ
򣬵Ϊ˰ŶݼԵĿŶҲֻǳֹ޵žͲˣһ֮󣬲ſʼԶɾ鷳
ʵϣţôӵҲ޵ĺܣݾǼߡ
֮ܶ˫зǳټֻмʥصĶţĺߴжɫǸʵŵ츳ûطõĳ̶ˣԴҲൽûطˣŻѡֺõķ˫ޣˣһҪ̬ݣФ˼Ȼ͸ùˣ
ˣǷˣԭΪȻŮ뷨쿪ܰһǿʥڲ֪ԭǷ˫ޣΪôĶȥŪôԴҾԴܱ֤Լô
ûǸ޵׶Ŷݼ֮ÿһɳҪĴԴǸС
ˣ˫޵ˣɾɶһķͱˣͲʺϷ˫ޣȥɽѽ⣬ɱΪ壬̥ǣ𾫣ô͵Ĺ⣬ôѽ߱ìܵģľԽߣɾԽѶɣ
ͻãߣҾڸÿǵľͲȥɾɵԪˣǸȥɾɵܲܳɹ
һͻȻ˵ڳһʮɾʧܣǾЦˡ

ʱңĶʱУʯϣǰһ涰߲Ĺ
ԭΪʮǵ漣ƣͦαֱҪʮ˺ϱΧ£ȴû뵽νʮȻֻ߳߸ߣߵ֦ҶҲŵļ
Ƥѣһͬһ㣬ŤѣںͿ׶еĵط¶ѿ¶衣
֦ҶŤߣͬһѽһԶ򲻿ᡣ
ҶȫѾݻƣҼΪϡ裬ÿһƬҶӶͬЩҶӣлĪһɻѹֵĸо
Ҷ֮䣬ǵĹʵ಻٣һʮöʮöʵɫ״ͬкɫлɫаɫ
ʮһ֪ΪΣһ걻ѹֵĸоȫ޷ش۳ɵ
ʮ֣֮ʮöʵÿһöͻһʮöʵ£ܹᾭʮҲľξξƢǾѪ
ʮÿһڷϣ̱ľξҴξƢҹ
ʮ룬һȫϾֹͣͣ죡
˵廵ꡢʶȴõʮ󣬴ﵽ޿ڤľ磬Դ⣬Կռ飬֪򣬹ʶ˹Ϊʮ
һ֮߳޷ܣңŻὫʮȡƣǧٱϡеҩܹڳҩƷ򡣡
Ļ㿪Ŷݼ׵ǰţ衢ﾫںǣӦÿֱӳʮʮ֮ʮ֮һٳɣ뷲ס
ԭĽˮĽ֮´һʮԭ;׾ƷҩЩŹ֣û뵽̺ĵ
ôʼɣʮɣ
Ľˮ˵ţǰ


1116 
ңǧУ¹ˮ֮ɳʣεǿռ䣬ʣкңԶʣض
Ƭǿ֮£ŵĳҹһ裬˫ۣͫɽȪһ壬ʱͬϵɾ޾ǹ֮䣬
Ľˮǰǧӡʮ֮ϣһ̣ϵʮ·ԭŤĸʼչݻƵ֦ҶҲѿ
Ľˮʮľȫ֮УʮöʮֻҪڿŶݼǰţǣȫӲ£ȫѽ鵤ɾɣǾͲǼ򵥵ɵģҪǿƥԪ֧֣
޷ԿƬѾı˵
ʮöʮĽˮԪ֮£ȫԪĹš
ľ
Ľˮһָһöɫʸһû֮Уһ̣ʱо·һشصԼϣͣ٣ȫѪҺ
δľĴ»Ľˮһָڶɫŷ
ξ
ۣ
һ𣬸оǻһƬţȫ޷ˡ
Ѫ
Ľˮ쵯öţоԼѪҺ·˲俪ʼڣѪҺҺʼʴԼ
Ǿ
Ľˮ첻ϵĴţѪξ
ȫ嶼ϢԭﾫѾѪݽ߶
ܿѾܲԼĴڣоһ̣ǰδеĿ
Ϊļг̫ʹ࣬ơɫʳ˯ɫ㡢ζǶӰ˶Ե
ʮն˵֮ϵ
ͬʱʮͶмãߵһ̸ӽ
оԼ·һƬδ֪ռ֮УƬռ̺ĵȥһһƷĻ֪ҪƷꡣ
صȿռУ֪ȥ˶ãƺʧȥ͸֪ʱƺû塣
ңʱУĽˮʼǰʱǰϾ֮Ѿ֪ͬһˡ
ˡĽˮ૵ɾɷʮ˥ܵ㣬ʱνƶڵ͹б
ַţǵɾɣﵽںϣҲǾɵļ¡
Ԫڣ
Ľˮһ˲ǧӡעΪǰʮУҪʮľ壬ɾɵӡ
ĽˮĶңеԪʱͬĺһһ
ڿʼˡ
ФܵңԪ쳣Ĳվ£һƬɵļ̳̳﷽ԲƿƣЩϸ緢˿ֵдȴϸͬһ㡣
еƣɢʵ΢⣬̳ңۡ
ͨƿң
ɾɣҪФƿңԻԪڣֵʱˡ
Ф콫Ԫע뵽̳֮У̳ʼתңʼ΢⣬ԲǧԪʼӿˣһʼͬ͵΢磬ǿƬ̣γɵļԪУң۶
ʱңѾȫգȫ󷨣ǵڵĵӻܿϷ
ԪԶԶȥĿġ
ţʲô£
ңͻȻʼԪˣҪʲô
Ǹ֪ɾɵϢܶӻڵ֪ͽ֮С
еĸ̫ˣˣʮֻģƽʱֳһʴȵĴʦһǰ;ôĵӣʲô񶼻Ľ⡣
һƽ׽ˣͰ׵Ĵʦ֣ܶ޷ͽ˶Իɱعݵе⡣
̫ϳɣĳ̫ϳҪͻƾˡ
뵽һ㵹˷̫ϳͻƾ磬ǿǴϲ£ζңʵҪһˡ
ڲϵĳԽԽңٵӶӸԵıչصءסг澰һ˷֮ɫ


1117 ɵľ
¡¡ӿԪѾγһԲľ޴߲У߲еңͬһ©ĩң
ңܱߵԪԽԽ࣬Ѿʼ˿ˣЩ˿˴ң֮⣬һЩƮңϣγˡԪꡱ
ӴԪΪĵңԪŨ̶ȿ֪
ıչصأλڴ˴
ʮĽˮ쳹⾫ޱȣ̺Դע뵽֮Ǹݼͬľ壬ȴʼҫ۵Ĺâ
ʱȻݰܣûаʮµıѣʥȥն壬ȴǼӲƤ⡢ȻӲ̶ȴû˿
Ҫȫѽ壬ѣ
Ҳ߶ɾҪٵѹء޷ѽ壡
Ľˮۿ巢һĹâɫ侲֮Ѷɵһأպ񺣣䶼Ҫѣڣʮ龫Ϊң۵Ԫ֧֮£ʼ塣
һһľɴﵽ¡
һޱȵḶ́ͺñȣ屾һӴԪڻٽõˮԪϴ
̣Ҫʹ࣬ĽˮҲҪģ΢Ϊ

ĽˮָӵӡԪĿ֮¿ʼȼգ壬ʼڣͷָڣƤѪ⡣
һһ㣬ޱȻ
Ϊֹ˰ɣ˴ΪÿһζףˣѽĹҲԪ֮ڶʱɣû⻺ǽһһۻ
ۻ
˵ǰɣǽޱϸСĿĴ
һΣȴǽۻҺΣҺ塣
ֽСҲҺС
Һ̬õϴȻӳס
ʵ״̬УϾ£Ԫۻ
ȥۻųɣѪ⡢ࡢĤȫҺ壬ԪӿУγһ˿˿ɫԪĴ
ĵҲȫѽ⣬飬ɾҲ⡰֮С
ķ֧һеתߣĽˮʼվ߶ȽţȥһҲЪϢڣҲֻ˾ʼ𲽣Ĵ̣Ҫõʱ䡣
ζɾɣʱҪüңܱߵҲһֱȥ
תۼ䣬һ¹ȥˡ

೤۵УһڴĻȼ
ǵФµң
ˣڳȥ׼һ£ɵ׶ˣҪȥ󷨡ФǬЩ͵˵
ͻƾɣǵƾʱԪĲ
ʱңϿգԪγɵ߲вûмСһ
ң󣬷Ҫ쵽⺣ˡ
˺ƴľŨԪУȻһ£
ЩǴ߶ң󷨻ģң󷨵תҪĴʯ
Ф컳ɣһѾյ˼ʮʯˡ
ǶԴҪںؾоɱܲɼõ
ԭϴκؾ֮УңȻջķᣬҲôܼҡ
һξɶѣ𣡲֪ˣΪңĸ̫ϳϽʥأ
ŨȵزԪңԪꡣ
ФǬ˳Ʈ˿ˣФǬԪ͸еƣԪ˵⻹ͻƾңΪ󣬻۷ԲǧԪòôţɾǲҪңС򱶣Ƕ˲У
Щ죬ФǬĹĶ£Ľˮ첻ĳ϶ۼһˣȻǵ̸ȫõԪǿɲĿŵۡ
ϣٵĶĽˮĴ飬Ҳɣ
ˣΪ˫ޣɾҪΥط൱죬ԲŻƺƴ󣬸ѣغԼĸλˣвҲ֪һλУ̫󷨲õĲãһ©ʲôϢңע̶һλĳע⣬Ƕøᣡ
һ˵ĽˮسңЩ˲ò£һԷĽˮδɱңһŵùϾңǸʥԨԴԷܷŹң
ФǬȴΪ˵Сѣɾ죬ʮԪΣϷһ˾סˡ
ѧ磬ɲͬԪƣҲӦŲͬĽз
ÿһ죬ӦԪƣǰأӦһԪƣǾɵ𲽣Ϊء
ųɵľߣɾʱǵԪƶۼڡءУɣΪ
쵽죬ΪءǡءĽףҶˮͮɾɵʱ򣬶ɣǶǡء
űǡء쵽졣
ܴﵽءһʥضŵšͱϹŷƽĴľš
⡰ءУԾΪΪ֮ѧţһϾ죬Ǭָ䣡ʫ䣬˼ǣһ߾֮ʱɳɾ죬ܾ취ϴôδɾʥ֮ʱߵǬ
ءԲɾ첢Ǽ£ϻСءءԲΪʮ죬һˡ
Ĵ壬һܴﵽءˣҲֻһǾϹһڵڵһԾҲȫûգֻȷȫ˰ˡ
ء֮ϣи߾硰ءЩ磬ڳң˵ǳ׵׵Ĵ˵ˡ
һֻнʥزŻ֡ءءϵͱսһš
ң˵ʥǸͲǳܽӴģĵӶɾɵʱȻҲھܵıչ֮أңЩл
˵翵ġءߵġءڳҲûټġ
ֻģ֪ϴڡءءء֮ϵһЩޱȵǾءɻʲôɵļ޵Ƕ죬ȴȫ
ˣͻȻФǬᵽʮġءʱڳжȻһ
ʮ죬Բϣ˼ܹʮľɣһһ£ȴ֪ʮ죬ʮԪƻʲô⾰


1118 ӿԪ
ңĳϣҲǿߣصľţɾǿ߾ͲˣǵļʶҪФǬࡣ
ФǬһ˵ʮʲôǵļʶΪʮж˲ãʵʮľŻвٵģϷۼһʥصŶɣǼʮһ죡
ФǬһ˵ʱٳϵľܹ̾ۼɣҲһССĻԵ˻ȥһټĶǵĺġ
ԭѾʶصľˡ
ţľɣδĻͿܳɾʥˣʮ쵽ʮ죬ʥʮľߣܹδΪʥͨʥʥ֮ĲǺܴģǸŮ˺ķôԴټ츳Ҳ̫⣬һʥʲôϡģ
ФǬƲƲ죬м˵ޱ츳ȴ˲̫⣬ʱڳϵıЩŹ֡ФǬڳȻвʡ
˵ɿܰأ˵ʮɻ᲻󣿡
һʵڵ伮мأľɣ󣬾˵ÿһܹľ߾ǲͬģܷӦĹӵ⣬սȵȸ
һЩߣǶɾɵΪǽķţĴķűǡݽ
ŹֵķţΪɾʱԪȻ۳ɾ޴ķӰ󣬷ǿֲ㴫˰ʮԶ紺ը죬þò
ԲʮڣԲ赲
Ҳ֮е飬귨ݽΪȻֻоɣЩĴ͸ȴǸݽΪ޹صģԴ
һĸ赲طγɵ
ô򵥣ΪǴײˣ֮Գ֮Ϊ󣬾Ϊֵ̫ˣ˵ʮ쵽ʮļؾɣʮ쵽ʮľؾɶҪ֮ϵľɣߣ
Ƕߣ֮ϵľʲô
ǰһֱ棬ж죿
ߵ磬аѳֵúϣؼԭɣ򣬰ľ顢ɶϸѳ֣͵ȼŸ޷֪ʥصĵ伮ЩʲôԸɶڳ˵һա
ȻФǬҲڳ֪Ķ٣һʣФǬ̾ͱסˡ
죬һ£󺬺˵ȥ˽Щʲô壬ЩҲòοһľɹ̣Ӧ˽⼫ؾˣϣҪʧźãΪ޵øˣɶɲȥǾЦˡ
ФǬ˵䣬ֻ¡һ죬ңԪȻһ£һ̣ԭֻǳ״̬תԪͻȻҵļ·ĳ䡣
ФǬ۾һɣţǳɹˣҪʼˣҲǣ̶Ӧò̫ˣþߣⲻˣɾɵȻʧܡ
Ǹ͸λɣȻСϾǸŮ˵ҲΥ棬ӾС
ФǬ˵䣬ʮһҲٵԼλϣʼٿ󷨵ת
ʱңѾҺ̬ѪһµʱȷʵѾβ
߶ɾɣͷһ̣ȴɹؼʱ̣ΪʱΪȫ已̥ʼ֮·ӭϴҲνĳ֮
֮ԪƣɵļĳνҲǴߵԡԪУֱںطƬںϵó׵Ļڹƿ̴ģδĺô
ʼˣ
ѾһδϢƬ̵Ľˮ죬һЩƣһ۸߿գĿ·͸ңң֮Ԫۡ
֪һ̣ǼһŬĳɹʱ̣
Ľܷѩ۹⾿׼׼һĵʮԼŻѪŬֵֵԼδĳɾ͵ܴﵽʲô߶ȣɵʱ̣ܳܶϴ񣬱ܿˣ
ȥɣű䣬Ƿ֮תۣ߳ɾʥ֮ǰҪһ磬˵ǳ·ĸ
ʵܽɸ¥򣬵ѽ粽

ؼ䣬ӿԪͬϫһȱڣԪƻûʼᣬңѾʼһϵеı仯
ңΧִ󷨵ĳǿɫľһ૵˵ϣԪҪˣƣӦòСɡ
ţӦáӦͦġ
ФǬһڿˮͷ˵ȻʲôԪƣиûа


1119 
߸ƺңԪ죬ԽԽɫԽԽԼ䣬ƺ߲⻷ңɫʷ׳ʣ߲֮⣬ңĸɫԪ
ݣ
ʵĹӰңзɳһңФ죬һȫڰâ֮УȫУ·ھŮһ㡣
ФǬȴһϳĽˮ챾ˣ
һҲˡ
ФǬţĽˮФ֤ľȷʵѾһ䣬ĽˮĶѾˣʣµģҪԼˡ
һ˴ңлϸ߿գòϣü룬ңĽˮ֮ĵһ֣̫ϳϰϪ
ڰϪ󣬻ߣҲң̫ϳϣĸλʵͻȨȰϪ˺ܶࡣ
˷գңӶˣȻϵȫڰâ֮еĽˮ죬ǰϪ̫ϳЩ㹻ĵȴ֪ġ
죬ǲң̫ϳ𣬻ФҲڣ
ôһˣԭΪͻƾ磬ڿǣң˭
ڳӻûӦʵʵ޷˺ƴľһϵһȻ뵽ǿ߲
ʱңͻȻһĳХֱ֮
ֱһӳ˯ѹ쳤
֮ң񷶥֮Ȼһ⣬Ѫ죬֮һƬ֮ɫĿä

Ѫγ˳ɫ̬ⷭɣԭеͱ忪ˣңϿ﷽ԲգֻʣһѪڷ裬Ǭ
Ѫķ裬ƺѪ֮ͬһĺХһ㣬ӿȵϮ
ڳңӶɫңгѪ֮ŨʢѪ֮ӵеģѾΪˣΪԪϵΪӣֻԪƳѪ֮ӵȴ޵ģʥ˿ֲ嫵Ѫֱ֮һƬѪ
ߣһͷ̫žޣ
ڳңӣȻȻ뷨
ʱԪڿʼۣƬһγԪƣ
ԪƳˣ
ڳˣ
Ľˮ졢Ф졢ңĳ϶ڵȴһ̣ɾؼʱ̣Ԫƣ
šԪơĽˮüͷĿתĿգһԪƶǲɫƣɫԼңӶľϵɫϹŷŻϵĳɫϵɫ
ڵԪƣȲǳɫĻ棬Ҳɫɫ·𼴽ٵĴ籩ˣ֮л̺һɲҵɱ֮ɽӣ
Ԫң·ĩսٰ龰
Ԫһ֣ѸٵͿֻǼϢʱ䣬ءأһֱأ
ʮԪƣˣ֮ϣǼأ
߶󷨵ĳһɴ۾Ψִκһϸڡ
صľɣ֮ǰֻڵ伮мأǵһμ֤
ŷչƣҲҲļޣܴﵽأ
ҲĻδʥˣϣﵽʥ۷壬벽ĻػǲġЩ˵ʱФǬԻ˵
ʱģɫ̫ã֪ΪΣɱڵԪƣоѹ
ΪһСɾɵԪǰȻܵѹȸУ
ȻѹȸвоԼ·һ㡣
˵䣬ƷΧѾﵽʮ죡
ֱΪ졢졢졢졢졢졢졢졢̫졣
һϾ죬Ǭָ䣡
ɾ죬һˮ룡
һΪһʥ
ܷ죬־һδܷΪʥ
ң˵ûʥֻϵڵİϪ޽ӽʥʼǲôһ
ʥһ綼һôôﵽģʥԵ࣬ʵΪ̫ˣ
Ȼ˵ԪƲǶݵͣתۼ䣬Ԫƾչʮ
ʮ죡

ʮһ죡
ʮ죡
Ԫͬһֻһţûκĳʮ졣
ʮΪԲھ֮ϣ̫졢춥졢죡
ʮ֮󡪡ɾأ
ȻĴﵽˣ찡أ˵ϣΪʥ۷壡
ûпͻƾأ֮ʲôЩƿηĳ۷׷ףЩѯʵˡʶḻФǬ
ФǬǿЦЦ֮ϵɽʲôҲ֪飬ѾⷶΧˡ
СӣͦģȻ쵽ˣ֮Ѷȱ
ФǬǿġ͡άʣ棬ʵ֮󵽵ʲôѶȣôӣԺһûС
Ԫͻʮﵽʮ﷽ԲʱԪƵɱԽԽأ
ƲУʼݻͼЩͼӣеĹâ貣еĹأеɱڣ
µԪƣ·һͷ͵Ĺޣչʱ򣬾ͷ·һͷ޴ѣϵԪ·ûֹ
ϻãСܵ˾޴ѹ
嫵Ѫ֮ɱçĴϢЩܲסˣ
⵽ڸʲôѵңڷһͷô
ȻңӶ״ͻƾɳطϴĳҲʵ޷ǰΣɾϵһ
Ȼɾɵ飬Ҷˮ֪ͮģʱҶˮͮѾﵽʮԪƣһҪչȥôļ޵׻
Ҳλǰ˵ģʦɴңļƻܳء
Ҷˮͮţһ˫
ʮ죡
ͻƾɾأ
ǰѾȫδ֪ڳˣĽˮ֮⣬û˼ʶ
ֱʱĽˮϲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ͻƾغȻ㹻žͷٻŸ죬ŴﵽĽˮĻҪضͻƲˣô֮ǰŬȫǸЦˡ
ѩ۹ⲻȫڰ׹֮еĽˮԪĽܷѩ˵
ĽܷѩһЦùã㿴ֻǿʼԭ츳ͼãɽ׶ĵرЩҪۺ죬ЩΪ»˷˫ޣһƾɣǱˮ죬ôܵʮֹǿʼأҿɳ
Ŷѩܳ㣿
ǣĽܷѩȻͷĿһ˿֮ɫ


1120 ˫
׷ĻԵڵʱ򣬾ͽ˵ؾﾭսõŷ֮Ѫ̫ԴȪȶҩɾͺ죬ںڵʱħ۹õ˶дõɾ죬ɴ衣
ħӵŮ֮Ĺõħ֮ǡ쾳һͻ֮Ǿ͸˵ˣʮסǡʮȵֱƳɱϣǿöޱݳޡ
˶ıȻΪ˫ޣ̫˷ԴҲγΪ¸ʵĻ
Ҫ֪Դ˵Դ࣬ҲδʹõˣΪǱ޵ģǡʮֶʹǲܵģµõ֮ôʱҲһѡ
ʮȥ֮󣬾ʮҲǳܹܵ˵ġ
㣬ʼһޣѾﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣʲôҩܵ
ˡ
糤ХңܵĺϺ˷ŭĴŽʯʮɸߵ˻
ӿԽԽӿγϺХ
֮Уǳ̫֮֮֮⣬ȫԪƻ۶Ϊһ֡
ȫԪΪһ壬ϴ
ʱ廹һѪû۳ʵ壬ȻεԪУȴԸܵǹѪ
飡飡
ͬȻÿһͬһ̫Ƥɵ죬
䣡
䣡
ԽԽ
ⲻ໹ûͣѪڱĺô󡣡
Ľˮ쿴ӿѪĬĬ˵Ԫп̺γеط򣬵Ȼḻ̶Ⱥǳ̶Ȳһ£ԪԽ̺ķҲԽࡣ
ѪѪֱ̬ӳطĴô֪

Ԫٴαǣʮʮ죡
ʮ죬֮ϡɫأ
ɫʵ˼νɫʮ죬ʵʽʮ졣
ʮ죬Ϊÿһţ֮ͬ⣩γµ죬һΪʮ졣
ʮԽ졢̫졢졢졢ҫƮ졢졢졢˾졢졢̫졢Ԫؿ졢̫졢Զ졢ʼТâ졢̫졢˼졢졢޼졣
Щνġ족ʵδڵĿռ䣬Уֺᡣ
ʮ죬һµķˮ룡
ԪעѪ֮УһѪøӾӨ貣ɢɫĹԣ
һĻһڱ
ʱФǬɫѾҪѿжѿʮ죬ɫѾȫ붼ˡ
Сӣôܴﵽĸ߶ȡһֱչȥʮ졭ʮѵҲǼ£
ʮ֮ϻ𣿡
ɵܴﵽ죿
ФǬţͻȻƿصȻһ󷨹Ļ棬ƺҪ˿˿ơ
仯ФǬȻһ󷨳ˣ
֮ǰФǬһֱΪĽˮСһ˾ƿص󷨣ȴҪʮٿأФǬԴ֮Աǣڣ󷨼ܲסĳˣ
Фϣʲôأ
תԪע뵽֮С
ФǬ֮ʣ߾ϵԪתͷȥȴЩ϶ƴעԪ˲ܿطನ
ȻԪƼȥʮܾܲܵȴǸδ֪
ФǬ߳ŭȴò֮עԪĽˮǰеĲٶ࣬ҲҵĽˮΥ
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ʮ㾡ȫȫתɾʱĲ
ʮأʮأʮһأ
ʮһأأ
ʱԪѾޱȣ·һƬ磬̺ɱƺͲ֪ʲôǱ߼ʣֹţ
ھФǬԶ̫ϳϰϪ촽࣬ľָڲ
ʮһˡɻжʮһ𣿡
Ϫоеͷؽᣬ֫ĵ伮УھɵļأʮѾǾǴ˵еĴ˵ʮʲôͬһʳؤȥڻʹʳʳ̺֮͸ָӵļӹַ˵ȫûκ塣
Ϊⲻˣ
ʲô
һͻȻһָ˳ָĿȥ֮ǻһƬԪ֮УһɫĹâ
ǺѸӿԽԽԽԽޡ
ǿˣһ
ڻԪ֮Уһ޵ĺʢ
ֺ
ڵһţɢѹѹǵأ޿赲
ֻҰ֮ȫһƬ֮ɫȫѪ֮ڼ·Ҫһ㣡
󣡡
󣡡
˾ź伮мأľɣÿһžɾ󶼲ܷͬӦĹӵ⣬սȵȸ
˵ţΧԪȻһһֻ
һΧź裬쳹أһﾹǻһƺһƣӡ˺ҶƬϡ
ûһĻζʲôĽܷѩȴ
Ȼ޻Ԫ֣ǻԪĴУ
ͷ̺衢ﾫ
ȻҪΧŵ裬ɼޣڻԪǰҲҪ
ĽܷѩţԪƷ·Ϊ˵ԭٶȿǣ
ʮ죡
һңĳǶҪϢˡ
ʮ죬ʲô
̺жǿ
ʱԪ֮ϣ
Աߣһɫųһöᾧһöӡ
Ϣ֮һɫѿȷ۵֦Ҷչ
ѿһƬҶӣö棬öƬҶӣ״ͬһöǳΣڶöķɽöһɫСöͬɫؽöķöһ
Ȼаѿ
Ԫһа֮ͬ䣡
аѿ˭ǿ˭ĽܷѩҲ޷˵壬ǵֻ֮һаѿʤһ
ȻڳңӺͳϣϪ͵Ф죬ûһϳаѿ󵽵״ʲôĽˮ죬Ľܷѩ͵ĻҲϲ
аѿȷ֮Ԫһ棬һͬΧаѿ裬Ƭ֮󣬱ӡаѿ֮ϣγ׻öġ


1121 ħ֮
ʱңϿյԪƣһƿƺͷƵĵһӡ׷ĺͻĵаӣ
ɾɲ󣬶һ
䣬ÿһֶһ
ʱФǬĶˣʮһ󷨵ĳǣҲɫףǿڶԿನҲǿܹܵģ
ԭĺѾ֧ţڣֳⲻ֪ѿǿ಻ԣѾ֧Ųסˣ
Ľܷѩע⵽һĻ˵ùãʮϿ֧Ų˶ˣɼȥɣ귨ݽɾʱݣʮʲô󶼵ѾΪ޹ˡңӿףĲСıһЩʶޱȷḻֿǾ鷳ˡ
ȻĽܷѩ˵鷢ܸʱȽϵͣҲò
á
ĽˮͷЦݣȡõĳɾͣѾԭԤϣгڴ
Ľˮ췢һõФԳ֣ڱط
ѩ˵Ķԣܳɾʹ
ֻǳɾʹôĽܷѩţûнӻʵиҰģĽܷѩѾʶˣүүǴ
Ľܷѩ겻⣬ҲܳΪڤӣʣͬΪ
ĽܷѩҪģֹǴ
ͻƽľ磬ɾ
˵е֪ܵһеٮٮܿ䣡𣬶Ҫ
ǺεȾ磬һʥ֮ǰϣ
ߣеηǷ˾ηһ㡣
ĺԸʵ̫ˣĽܷѩҲûĺͰգĽ
ֻ뷨ȴ˵Ϊֻ֪˵ĳЦĽˮΪĹùãȻᳰЦҲȰҪЩʵʵ顣
ĽܷѩѡĬȻͷѹĵס
֪㽫ߵ־磬ҵѾȫϵһˣ޷ָδҲҵδ
ĽܷѩţʱңϿյԪѾչʮһ﷽Բ
ʮһԪƣɶʮ죡
ڳңϿһĻЩľˣԪ͵̫죬Ƕ֪ʲôˡ
һŶɾɣʱһ춼˲á
һ죬ζŲɹĺôζŸǱζŽΪܴﵽߵľ硣
ɾɣԪƿǣһһϼӣչԪһţǾ
ڣȻѾӵʮ죬ʮһԪƣ
ʮһΪž֮žֱ̺Ŵ֮ȴɲǼޡ
ФǬʱѾɫ
ԭФǬȻ֪ͬսˣǱʶȴǾ˲֪ĵرŴﵽ츳ЩĵرʱһλĻҲҲܶɸɣһһȺۣûʲôˡ
ڣݺʮһԪƣФǬѾһƬհףֹݵġ
ФǬԶϪҲң޷״̬³ɾ񺣣սʲô̶ȣɾ侳ڵʱǾƥˣ
ٶȣɾ侳ȫԼԸ룬ʮͿɣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪʮ꣬濹
ʮ꣬ɱ
ʮ꣬һɱ
ðϪЩܲˣϾֻһ󱲣ʮ֮󲻹ʮ꣬ʮԪޱƳ˵ֻ𲽶ѣպŴõ껪
ѾǴĺ꣬ʵޱȵļʡ
Ԫƻš
ʮ죡
ʮ죡
ʮ죡
ʮʱȴͻȻʼδı仯
ԪƵϿոֳһ޴Ӱķ
󣿡
찡ǵˣһξɣǾ
ң֪״ӺͳѾ֪˵ʲôˣ֮Ա֮Ϊ󣬾Ϊ
Ӱаѿȫ棬߽ʵγһص壬ûзâȥӡضçӰи·ѣЩ·ʱʣʱôȥȴ޷·Ĺ켣š
ӰĽܷѩĽˮʱɫ䣬⾹ȻħͶӰ
Ǵʱһ˲侾ħ̺֮ܣڶδ̽ڳڤ֮⣬Ĵܻ֪ħĴڣ֪ħλãǺ룡
ΨһֵҵǣڳңϺӶħһ֪ǿ󣬱鶼ЩãȻ
Ľˮһ֣ص˵ޱηңЩȥǾΣˣ
Ȼħľ󴫵ڤĿԲ󣬵ĽˮҲòѾһᣬɾɵܳסһо󣬶й¶
Ȼ䣬ȴ׵Ĵסˡ
ɴ˫ۣĿħӰСħֳ࣬һصԲӰħУ
⻹ûнԲһֳ࣬һͬƬһӰҲħС
ܹ
ɢƵϢӰޱȵʣһĻֻһţɢΣ
ң೤ϵӿĪֻɵ֮һû̫⣬Ͼÿһţɸʱ󶼲ͬЩ˻ǵһμɹгʲôǲ̫ˡ
ĽܷѩĽˮߣȴ׾ˣ
Ǵû㾪㵹
аѿ䶼Ҫħ֣ȴħУѵһʼħͲΨһģ

ǷǧУڱ棿ֻޱȺ嫹ؾ֮У
ôģ֮ʲôϵ
Ľܷѩ۾һգգĿԪԭֹĵطʱ̫ݣֻǾһƳʲôû¡Ȼ̬죬ɢͬϢȴĽܷѩԿ϶ǳͬԴ
촽һ˫ֽһħ˵̫ˣ
ܷʥؼΪħģĽܷѩܹȴΪħܹҲΪħ
ԭһֱΪħĳʵľǿߣԳ֮Ϊ֮񾧡
ڿƲǴģ񾧲ͬʱֳֹŹֵ̬
⵽ʲô
Ľܷѩ˶ݵʧ񣬶ʱһҽȴȻصʵ֮УһȴФǬѪɳȥµҲȻ飡
ФǬǲ󷨵ڳܲסɾʱطನɳȥ


1122 
Ľˮɫһ䣬ʱ󷨳ʲô⣬ɵй¶ȥǶʱҪ͵ң˵ȻʲôϢˣ仹漰ͶӰ
ĽˮһФǬԭλϣӡ
ϣҲˣһԪã֮ǰΪʮѹСȴ֪ʮ˶ȫ
֮ǰû뵽һСɣطǿҵ̶ֳȣǺƴĽУ֪̺˶ط򣬸ͲܶԿ˵ģ
ФǬΪеۣȻ׵壬һ󷨳⣬ФǬһܵ
ĽˮϾǰ벽ǿߣĽˮ֮£ɵ㱻ѹ
ʱѾﵽʮ죡
زԪչٶѾ󽵵ͣǣڻӡ
ʮʮһֱʮ
ʱԪڳֹͣţʮ죡
ʮ죬Ҳʮ죡
ɾɫʮ죬ɫ졢졢죬ԼߵĴ죬ܼʮ졣
ʮ졭Ľܷѩһ̣ͻȻȻһڴ֮ǰҲɵļʲô
ʮ˵ѾãĽܷѩҲδעʮӦžʮԪơ
žŹһʮ֮һֱعһͬһֻء
ž̺֮
Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ʼ
νһһ︺Ϊ͡
ĵһʵ˵ΨһģΪһеıԴ
һָܻıԴ
ָݻìܣҲνġ
Ϊӵ໥ãҲ޴ڵġ
е֣ߵͳƣ໥ݻγǧ磡
ǧ磬½ǧǧǧǧǧ磬ʮأԪƿɶɾʮ
һ̣ĽܷѩжȻĳͻȻĸоһһζ
Ϊȥ񣬽ϴʱ̣Ȼ̺
ͬʱʮ취Ĺͬϴܻúõĺô֪
ǽΪڵĽܷѩܻ֮УҲõĳȻֱʵΪպΪⷬʶϻһЩô

һ̣һֱԪƺ֮еѪ֮ͻȻһ
ͬһ޴УԪдطƬȫϯѪ֮У
ƣƿڹ裬ƬݻɷģѪ⡣
⡭ɵġ̫죬̫˰ɣ
ۿŴķƬţѪ֮УЩң۾ˡ
ʮ죬ɵķƬв֪̺˶ٵܶǿ߾һҲ޷ô෨
Щȴڶ̶̵ļϢʱ䣬ͱյڣڲȫպͻ񺣣ȴ°빦ˣۺ쵽ĴԵ
ǾɵãΪպͻƸ߾磬ʵ
ĸѾʵأĪ˵ɸ¥ǧɽҲɳأ
ʱһж޹ˣϵںϷںĳÿһֻһεľ޴Ե
Ĺ̲֪˶ãһƬ磬̺޾ԪУʱ·ʧȥ塣
оԼƺǧֺֻ꣬գ۵һ˲䣬ط
Ѫڿʼˡ
һѪʼ塣
Ǿ֮
ʶ֪Ļصϣһĸ֪ÿһÿһı仯
Ԫ֮һյÿһңӣÿһϵзĴлѪҺֻҪһͷԾ۵ס
ϳûʢ죬˻ţһϸ΢ĶֻҪԸ⣬ȫĵӳԺ
֪΢
ԺͻȻֳ硣
֪һ̣ĸ֪˷츲صı仯ȻԴھ֮Բ
߰˾ɣǶĴ֮󣬳ȥҲﵽ˼£֪΢
֪΢֮ﵽ߾磬׿ϸһЩʥǿߣֱӿʵϸС΢
˵еľ磬Կ΢ڲṹֱĿݻ
ͼвʯ̣Ԫ⣬ŵõżȻĻۿݻ˶Īĺô֪΢ֱӿеתǺôǿ֪ˡ
ʶ룬Լĵ￪ʼۡ
Ǻڶ
߳ɾ֮ǰһֱڣǰʼ̮ǴķƬڶɣΪһûаĺɫ飬ڶΪѪⲻ
ࡢ硢Ĥ⡢֫Ƥ١ë
˵ھŴ飬Ҳһ顣
Ԫת֮֮ȫӿϴÿһѪ⣬ʱѪ籦ûаʣϢͬ
ԪȻȻγȫ
ʱ壬Ѿ
𡭡ľɡʮ죬ʮԪơĽˮţּȲʵĸоʮ죬ӦǾɵļ˰ɡ
û뵽˫ޣȻڶɾɵĹΪϵ;ԪϵĳͻܵһЩӣҲ˶õ˼ĺô۵Խ࣬Խࡣ
ңһ೤ϡ״ӻڴ״̬֮ǰһĻĻʵ̫ˡ
ңϵӡѾļޣϾǴ˵еĴ˵ҲʮɰˣǵĸоǸǰһأ˲õĳɾͣ㷭һ˸
ʮأ
죡
ܳΪءҾȻĿһɵḶ֮́ǰһںؾգǲ˼顭ҶˮͮţЩģʵؾ֮˵գʱΪڣҲ㲻գһжûгƿأ°ıҲûκεľţҶˮͮеĸоΪӡ
𣿡
ս˫ȭоԼԪǣԲƿ̣һеһжᵽɵǿ
ǣǾе㲻Ծʲô
ˣأ
֮뷲壬ʼɣ־ǣ￪ٳӣպ߳ɾ֮ʱȷݻСǧ硣
ȴԼڸ֪ӵĴڡ
ʱĽܷѩҲϵԪƣɫأôᡭѾԪоȻ̺ôҲûɢȥ


1123 д
֮ϣԪȻڷӿۣᳬʮķ룬֮ڣϵݻ
յԪдķ֮൱һ֣Ԫ֮Уûбա
ɽԡԪ
ǽ˰ɣô
ң೤϶ǲԣĽܷѩȴü΢ʮɾᷢʲô飬Ҳ
ɫ֮ⷭУͻȻһ糿һ֮л죬þò
ƴƮ죬ͬӴһ㣬쳹ʣڳңӣֻоȫѪӿƺһĵϣһ˿˿ļ䡣
ţ
Ǵ֮Ԫл۵̫ˣȻȻγ˴ֻ֮һ㣬о·򣬶ֱӳϴ񣬻õĺô֪
϶оۣʱ֮Ȼת䣬һƶ˸ٳӿʱ߿ɳʱ죬ɽˮ̣ʱתϸ꣬仨Ʈ㡭
ûеĺ壬ǳʱԪƲ֪ߣ̺ԽԽңɱҲԽԽأ
һ߶ɣԪǲɫƣӦ޹ʱҲ׳ʣ
ȴǡǡ෴ԪƳֺޱȵɫһƬ磬ұһߵԪƺصö࣬оǺ֮۶ɵģ̺صɱڣɱʵʻıֳ˸о˾޴ѹ
֮ԪƲûɢȥ̺ԽԽǿ
ǡ
ң೤ϵӶɴ۾ĿǸ߸ƮԪ֮УһĿĽ⡣
˵ĳһڲе̫
Ľˮɫ䣬ѾԪˣǽƣ
ʲôƣʱФĽˮطĽˮࡣ
ԪݻɵĽƣʮ죬ʮԪƣžŹһﵽԲԣ˽ƣ
Ľˮ컹δ˵꣬ǵеĽ⣬Ȼһɫ̶ֱ
׽٣Фɴ˫ۡ
ǽ٣
нľˮλᣬ
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꣡
֮صն֮ϣȻһȻ˽ײȫŷĿĻǣ£ԶңǱһγһ޴Ԩף
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ԶԶȥһС񣬸ǱǿֲĽɫûˡ
ɾɣд٣δţ
ĽˮǾ֮ɫ׽٣д٣췣֮ϣʲôĶͿܵ١õ綥񵤳٣
ڣϰ䣡
֮⣬˫ޣҲΥ˵ǰ
ħһĴڣ
ˣľɻʮ죬ʮԪƣ£̫ˣ
д١Фɫ΢䣬һ׽ٻãдȴγֱԴ췣֮ٿɲô׾ܶɹģ
ܹ˵һԵ̫ˣٵĵطؼ٣Ȼʮֲֿ
ûܰæֻԼŭ
ǿ˳ٵǿͬģΪǵǿҲҵ٣
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ţɫûˣ
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ٴ־췣֮רɱţרɱ֮ˣҪôס
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ҶˮͮϳܵסǳɰǧĽ⣬л
˶ס˺ʱң೤ѾͬնФǬϪȾϲ֮⣬϶ϣɾɣδɾʹңػյٹ⣡
ʮ֮ǰһ˵ʮ֮ȴǴ˵еĴ˵ɾʹпܣ
ţһ׾ƷʮأڳϻǷֵúġ
ҶˮͮԺиոͷȴͻȻɣһƬ貵Ľɫ֮УһѪɫӺȷţ
öĿҫۣһɲçۻƣӺɢڴߵϢ
ֲĽ٣Ȼ˺ɿռ䣬·һɲǣص˿ٵصԭʼʱ֮ɣ
źţϽɫ·𱻷ֿˡ
¡¡
˵Ұ֮УʱȫѪ
кɿռѪ⣬ٷϣƤԪ಻ܵ
ҲںǣѾ÷ˣ
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壬ȻѪҺôĿģû˵ͷĤǿĲλǹͷ
ֻҪͷû£ƾղ֮ǿЩСҲǼӾ
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ҩеֲһƬƬ֥ѩ˲ҰһǧĻ򣬷ŵ磬ǶǼֵǣȴ޲һûκμֵ
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µȻƿʮ޴ĸ
񣬲ɽΧɿռȥЩɿռ֮󣬱㱻Ѹٵڣдĸϣסˡ
ľ١ظ


1126 žɣϣ
֮УľϵԪϢȫظƵһ˲䣬˷Ѫǹ
ȻʱȫԡѪսɴ۷״̬Ѫ֮ûһ˿˥ƣֱ̣죡
꣡
Ѫǹ裬ľϵظķѪǹնϣȻĸϵȴӿ壬һ
ǣ
ȫǽڿĿ죬Щһʥᱻ˲ɷ
˾Ѫȼգ
һͺȣڣ˾Ѫȼˣü֮ŷĿĽ⣬һֻɫĹŷӰչ᰿衣
ϵǰ⾳ںΪһڣ˴Ƭ֮ûüգȴѾ֪⾳ں˽
һЩյǵԣʱȫ뿪ǧľЩӲıŵöˡ
⡭̫ˣֱǸ̫ޣ
ôѪȫˣȴûʲôоȻѪ֮죬ȫս۷壡
ָ˲ţǸղŵĽپмٵڵظǧÿһ٣ÿһظɱ񺣳ڣڵߣһǧ˼ȴӲĿˣôģԪȴûٶ٣
˵֮䣬ٱ䣬Ѿһһֵˮ˫٣
ԭֻǻ£Ǽˮ٣ˮ죡
Щγһ裬ˮ׻ֵŤ
һߣǱˮЩˮ֮ӵпֲĳ͸ʴԣûԪ
һˮĳХɱ
ĿϾӵĹ
ʱովսûа㴭ϢĻᣬ㱻ûˣγһλΧűˮ
һһͬʱ壬Ϊսʼ˲ҵɱ
١ľٶǹ١ˮȴǴľ֣Ҫĵ
аѿ
һаѿ⣬ѹԪХƬҶӽӳϻʱѹ
аѿ䣬췣֮һ̶ѹƣ
ǹˮ٣Щܲסˡǿҵĸʴ֮Ƥ⿪ʼήĤ·𱻽ˮʹ֪
һߣҪˮˣһ̲ŧѪ
Ȼˣȫʹģ
ˮٲиʴԣ䣬ѪҺʼ˿ȫһȻбڽɣƿƤߴ̴࣬Ѫֱ
ٴȼչŷ֮ѪԳȷڵķѪˮ١
ȻˮδȥµĴȻԭǧٿ׵Ĵأѿ˴Ŀĵƣһ޴ʯ˴
ЩʯһСɽСȻûԪǵȴнǧһȭһɽ
һδƽһ٣
Ⱦң϶һ⻹ò˻
Ľˮս˫ȭ˳棬Ķ΢΢ߺ
ٵĴڣɲΪ˸ЩΥģΪǣ
٣öɣ
ϣȻԩʼ
ǧסĽˮס˺޷ƽ飬Ľˮһԣƽ侲ĽܷѩȻܱ򶨵ݣֻʮָָѾһ
ڿ˵ͬʱֽѣ
ȼչŷ֮Ѫа֮ʩչɿռ䣬һѹ׵ľȫ˳
ѪȫǴĿĵ˿ڣƤıѾͬһѪ޷ֱӡ
Ӳаѿѹƻ֮Ի֮ܽڱŷѪǹƾȺʨһʯ˷˳
ʱԪҳһ࣬޷ð㣬̵ܹģֻ
Ե䡪ˣ
һͷ뿪ת£
ЩʯˣҲһǧȫƾһɱ
ӲӲⲫ
¡
һʯֱӱһǹҵķѣ
ȻֻһǧڲԵ˵ļӳ֮£ȴԷӳǧĳ
⡭ֱˣ
ңѾǵڶ˵ֻˣǱӲҳʯͷʯˣԸӡ
ȫԪͬʱ̺ˮ١٣ѹƲסһҪ϶˵ȥսˣ£ȴӲĴһٵʯˡ
һǹһʯˣܾ޴ķ֮Ļڶòѡ
ʹȴս
ңңң
ǹӲӲܺɨǧߣΨǹ
佫ںսҲΨǹìôص÷컭ꪣ
Ϊǿ룬˫ֳǹһǹʱ򣬵ֽôܵ
൱£ֻܶܣΪмܵʱ˫סҲʹ
꣡
꣡
һʯ˱ҵ÷飬ȫѪܲϵıѣȫһһһ뺮£ֳ͵ս𺳣㤣
ս˴ʱ䣬һٶʯˣȫҳʯ£һʯɽ
ŷѪǹվʯɽ֮ϣⴵĳƮ裬ʱһԡѪս
һ̣˶ˣʵǹɲӣǿս˶ʤľ
ңǶǵɴ۾ФǬǵˣҲòڵĳɾͣǻԵ£Լ־ǳΪ
١ȥˣ
ҶˮͮһŷֱʱȫƤûһõĵطͬޣ˵ŮӿȻŵûʧɫεҶˮͮʱȴһĻ
˵òĳЩضݸı䣬ø֪ĻòഺԪָߣߵΪһû̫ˣòͲѰʱ׷Ķ
ǿһ˵־ԡ츳ʶȵڵĶ
ʱòȫҲӢйصĵطѪ޵УǿӰӣȴӡҶˮͮС
ֹҶˮͮ
ٽ𣿡
ϢѾǳ΢ˣղŶˮٺͻ٣ͬʱʯսΪ͸֧Σˣ
ʱȷʵ΢ѪҺѾɣ
ʱͻȻתһ˫Уâơ
ڣ迪ʼȻתʵѪҺȫѪֿ֮ʼȼա
⡭Ǻεȱ̬Ȼ;ƿݵʱֿʼָ
죬˿ˣ⡭ֱ񼣣


1125 žɣ£
ǹҫֳַѪǹ裬Ѫȣ
Χң϶˳õĳ֮Уͦд٣ƾǿǿ־
ڣѪ⿪ʼ˿ڿʼϡ
ͦд٣ȻˣһָõĺôǲˣߵһѾľɣھ֮ϣ˸ĺô
Ľˮ΢΢˵ͬƾٿԵ⣬ɹʮ죬Ѿ֣״Ԫ֮ϣи⣬ٶд٣ڰѸҲˡ
ߵһ˵ǿѾ츳͵ģҪֻԵٳɣظ
ħ䣬˫޵ţÿһŽ˻Եд١
Ҫ֪ӺڿʼԽ󾳽ĺķԴڵħ龧ڵ񺣵ħ֮ǣһԲĺԴʥҪĵķ˾Ѫʮнǿ߶Ҫۺǣ
һ·ϵĻԵۣڽȫŴٳ˳ɾͣ
ӣӡ˫ۣ֪壬ûҵӣȴڸղŶԿдٵĹУ־õ˼Ķ֪ҪͻƻƽεﵽƽСɡ
ҵӡ΢΢üȻʶʲôͷ죬Уƹۡ
ǡûн
ȻһͣͬʱֲԵĻĽˮ졢Ľܷѩ̧ͬͷеĽƣûн
ǽľˮд٣Ҽ˷ףǽ̺ͷ״٣
ǽľˮͨὫзһͳƣľˮףʵײУǰе࣬磬ס
γɵ٣ȴҪдٸΪͣ
׽٣ٵҪ̬Ϊ췣֮˵ƿȻ󣬱ִ١
ĽܷѩۿԽԽŨҵĽƣɫص˵ľˮд٣ټϷ״٣һִ֣٣ҲǼޡ
Ϊ֮ʼΪ֮ˣΪԪԾΪԲһЩɽ٣ҲǾ٣ҲҪĽֹףڷ֮٣һŽ٣
٣⡭Ľˮ˵ˣҲͬĽܷѩ˵
ݹ߶ɵ̣һҪɾŴɣÿΪһ׶ΣǰΪѪ⣬ҲΪҲǵ飻Ϊ񡱣꣬Ҳܡ
ǡԡΪλһŴΣֱΪҲ֡
ĵھŴɣͬԡΪλһ͵ľɱԪƣÿһ
һֱʮ죬ʮԪƣǡ͡šļ£ޱ¶٣ֻߴΡ
ӦǾŴΣ
ĽˮۿԵһαһǿ֪ٻǿʲô̶ȡ
ɵĸͲͨľɣÿһٶǶԪꡢ־ĥѺϴ񣡿ŴСɣɣǵľɣǾžɣ
Ծż£ʮɣΥ򣬵Ǿʮ֮䣬ȴھž֮ҲǾžɣеļޣ
žɣе
ĽˮĽܷѩ˵֮䣬״ٽˣ
һĽٷ籼ӿͨīͬĺɫצް·̺Уķ磬ͷƤ飬½ռͨеĿռ籩ӿֲ
֮󣬽׽٣
׽Ѿ޷ݣȫһƬɫ޾âңȫУ֮䣬ֻʣĿɫ
˫ͬʱ
ۣ
ңΧ󷨵೤ͬʱһ𣬽̱ɷĩѪɳȥ
Ľˮ춼ɫȻһףˣ
֮һнκˣ޷ɽ٣ֻȥನܵķɣⲻΪǿܿסģԽǿˣܵ췣֮ҲԽǿ
ǣҲĻĨɱһΥĴڣν޾֮·ǻһ
ʥַֿսеĿܣìܣɴ⣡
⣡
Ľˮ˵ͬʱϵң֮Уң˻
µѾףҪסɾɵǲܵģȻ⵽ķɣΨһľû󣬲۷ңʧһʱ䣬ָֻʱûдǰĺ򣬷Ȼһۿң쳣
֮ܿ⣡
ң೤ۿĽˮ춼Ϊɶˣһ󾪺УĽˮɰ
ڿǿֲķ״٣ǵĩհľֵܵģ
ڴ𣿡
Ȼ֪ʵǿǿֲ٣ЩʵûģǻӦѾǿֲķ״ûˣ
ƺ֮£ӰͬеһƮֱ΢
֮Ѫȼգ
а֮
㾡ȫ󣬵·ѪѪ֮ŭţ
ͬҲ״ɣ
֮ƲɵǰԵüΪ
ˣˣ
Щң״ӣ೤ϣǵص׽ٷ׷׺ˣΨֱ㣡
٣״Ӳ˵ǻҷ
೤Ҳ򲻸ٽȻǵʵҪ࣬ٲѰȥðϣͻٵ䣬ΪԽǿ췣֮ҲԽǿΪǰûõġ
ǿɲΪǵ츳κοɱԣ٣ĩյ
ңѾƷˣĹ¥ڷ״б׻ңĽɫĽٷһ㻯ɳɻңһ򻯳һƬ
䣡
ضڲر˷ĩȫϳ˾޴İݣעˮĻγһƬ
һƬɫĩյһ龰£ûø֪̽鵽״֮е龰ĽܷѩĽˮҲܡ
ǵȴʱ䣬״ٲ滺ȫɢ
ؼɢһйƽ֮ǰڵĵطѾ¡
ˣȲ򰼿ӿȥվ
찡
ڳңӷ׷׷Ҷˮͮʶס죬촽ָĲţңҶˮͮ񾭼͵ߣҲЩҿˡ


1126 һǻѪ
ʱȫڽ֮УҲһƬڣѪήǱǺɫٷ紵£Ǻɫٷ磬ɽ壬Ὣɽ崵ɷĩߣֱӰȫѪⴵɱ
֮⣬඼ڵĺڷݻ٣һͷȫݣƤѣһǻɻҳ
˵زųΪٵԭ򣬶״е׽٣󲿷ֱڵаѿѹֻ㡣
а֮䣬˵һ㹦ѭսô׾ƷǽӦõ£䣬ȴһһ̶֧ıĹ
ȼĹǱΥ棬ŭΪ߼֧ãܲŭŭ
䵮ʱһҪ٣
޷𣬲Ż䵮
а֮䣬һһ̶ϸıѹٵĹĴڣѹ˻ٺ׽߰˳ɵѾˣΪٺ׽ٵʱǸһˮ˫٣״٣аѿѹһרĶԸһ֣ˣҲ;ƿˣ
Ҫ𣿡Χң϶ˣһķ̣ţͶ˶ĵرձⲻǷʲô
ûȻ̺ڻָ죬ˣһ͸ˣţʲô
ң۷׷ףԭϣͻȻܵһѪ֮Ȼ΢ȷʵڣ
ʱƣԽԽǿڴٽôѪ
ͦˣڰٶɹˣһϾϲ
δأ㿴ϣƻڣ˵У
ʲôܰɣҪУϵ˲ɹδɾʹôϣ
ҪС٣֮˵ооţ߾֮У̫Ķ̫Ϳܻڽת̫ˣ
Щ۷׷׵ʱĽܷѩĽˮ춼סһգգĶյĽơ
ʱѾκνΪǽƲûɢȥڻˣ
Ŵһģؼʲôʱ
Ľܷѩս˫֣̬ĲţĽˮǶͷܵĺ飬ȴһ¡
ʱ˭ҲﲻͷĽƣ
ѵħ𡭡Ľܷѩţ˿ֲ٣ȫҪĨɱµǵãԹȷʵвĶ䣬ϵҩĴǵҲ٣Ҳ䣬Ͼ޾֮·ì壬ɱΥԼڵͬʱҲһ
ЩԶʱĳڣٶһȼĻĽܷѩ⣬дҪǶǾ߾Ľܷѩţǵκһ
ҪˣôһҪ
ˣ˫ޡûʲôֵþȵģôǿ
һԭ򣬿Ҫħˡ
ħʲô᲻һ֮
ħһʼѾɿ֤ˣĽܷѩүүõħ֮Ϊһսشħڤش̶䣡
Ľܷѩ̳ħ
ڣħϣ
йħļϢĽܷѩүүѼƲģǷȷѾ޴ӿ֤
ɾʮʱħܱߵӰʲô
ʲôĴڣǷص䣿
١һɣһڴϢָʱ䡭
Ľܷѩţ֪ʲôԱǰصκһضҪֲ
Ҳһ֪ˣ
۷ʱӦÿ£ڵʲô
Ψһܹģǵڰ˴ΣھŴܶЪһʱ䣬ܾĻָһ㡣
ʱһϢһϢţеĽƣڷĳַھʮ﷽Բ仯״ءɱ磡
ÿһϢʱ䣬ĽܷѩĽˮ˵ͬޱ
ʱңҲ׹ˣǴӽпʲôҲܲФ졢ĽˮĽţȻٻû꣡
찡ʲôʱǸͷ
ң̫ǳע޷ߣ
ˣĶеĽƣܻʱͻȻ¡¡죬ĽܷѩȻһ˫ս
˵ζûзκãڰˡھ٣ʼˣ
ûдϢʱ䣡;ʮϢ֮ͣѪҲû㹻ʱָ
췣֮ȫڵ̧ͷ˫ۣƵĽơ
˫Ŀ緱ǣ˸һ˿â
žžž
Ķ塢Ƥǣ׷׹ѣƤɻҳ¶Ƥ֮£Ѫ֯ͼ⡣
ڷ˽аƤĿ̣ڣǱƤˡ
ƤѪⶼή࣬ʵԭƤµѪ⼸ɿˣڣƤѣһҺ壬ʵѾǻָѪı֣;ƿݺһ㡣
ʱʵֻ۷״̬һɣƤⲻ˵ܵ˼ĴԪѾҲ׽֮ͻ֮ŰаѿѹƲס˵а֮ս
֧£ŷﾫѪǻȼգڵȫɫٷ紵ð٣ԳŷﾫѪȼˡ
ۿǽƹټ䣬Ҷˮͮ̿ȥˣʶֽ䣬һȴֵ嶯ʲôﲻñκζľٶ䣬Ǿ͸ˣ
ʵҶˮͮγ֪һ㣬ֻ֮²ԾķӦˣ޷⣬ͬҲˣ٣ǷһͷҰޣһжҪСõҩ̫ңΨκһٶŭ˶Է˻
̧ͷգķѪǹУֻǹѾ˴Ƥɫ֯ҺѪǹ֮ϣճޱȡ
һѾ˵òصˣȻĿ̺ս⣬ȴò
һˣһ˳ǹ
һģһǻѪç
ʱ£µһ˲䣬صʱ·ˣһеһУֻʣ˺ڰɫԵɫʣȫɫɡ
ףޱȷޱȴĿ
ڰأھ٣٣
浮ĹУ޼̫̫У
ǹıԴôǹеıԴ
ټϽľˮףһ־ǱıԴ̬֮ʼ


1127 ս飡
ǽںɵıԴ֮֮γɵľ
գڿн֯·޷ݵΣУΧԶٷΧңϺ״ӣ٣Ҳ˷·һ̾Ҫͷ
ֳؼ䣬һеĴɫ봿ɫ˸еޱѹֺϢ·궼ҪˣһЩ־ᶨսΪǿߣĪҵͷоû壬žʹҲʲôܽܵ顣
ָоǻȻһߺ
ֻǿ٣ͷ濹⣬ȫû֮УҪܵľ֪
һҪֱԾˣ
ٲǶĽѣĽѣҲǶĽѣȫӴ˽٣
һ١һϵɴ˫ۣĿϧ͸п֮ɫȻ츳ߣƳʶḻһ۱㿴ٵĿֲ
ӦðӦðǰ·ϱƣ޾֮·ôĽѣʲôܣ٣
Ľܷѩǹ⻪ԻõĲţģĵȴŵȵĻᡣ
ŬĻԵۻעеѪϣͷһգ
סһأɳڣ㾭ĥѣͳͳ˹ȥһҲ⣡
ĽܷѩкţʱǸѪӭ
꣡
֮γɵͬһӡϣǱưֱܵӱ飬ѪѪѪһѣ
˺ѣΨйٵѹ֮£ǿ֧ţ
ɲǼ䣬ӿŨҵľУľ·˲һжǻããģ
ɡֻĹޡ
ߣдǣ־֮ħȫˣûзӦ
ħ
ǲܷħʹطԲᷴ
һ˲䣬ͷûħҲ־սܡ
ħұֻԼ
ߣУ
ҪңսѪȾ죡
磡
һֻ̣Ժ𣬷·ʲôѵüļĺսХ
սһ쳤Х
һ˲䣬սΧɵĺ֮Σȫս棬ǹսȻչ
ƽεľ磬ͻƣ󣬻ƽСɣС۷壬ƽɣ
֮ʱս飬һԽ˻ƽССֱӴﵽ˻ƽɣ
־ѹեٽսĽҲǰ׾һھսǱһսܹ֮ģսǱĴ֮
ƽɣҵ죡
ս飬ţ
ˣˣǡսıҲֻǿס˾е٣Ѫ⣬δܳѰ
ңǶǰ̾ǿľ־֮꣬ǰսУ־û̫ģŽٵһ٣Ҳһ٣ǽѪ֮١֮ٲҪ
ưˡ

ʱĽͻȻֳһ̫ͼִ·̫ͼΧת
ţͷҲһ̫ͼΪΪ֮ʱɣͬ֡
γ˴ص̫ͼͬ޴ḥ̂ѹ
ǣ
ȫͷظ޷ľϡ
һͷǵں֮ǰҲʮɴ裬ҿţĹͷҲҪ֮ѹ
ڣӲĿסˣ
ͷȻܿסѪȴסϵѪⲻϵı飬ѪûˣֻʣһͷӣҲ
ı٣Ϣϼ
СӲˡһ۵ĽУΪ֮ǰѾҪ󷨵ĴФǬǷһ˿ЦҪˣáԺ㲻õˡ
ȻФǬ֪պ󷢼ң޵ĺôôȴϣǰ׳еİ׳գԼĵˡ
ȻȻǣͲߵһˡ㣬ԽǷպԽǵù
˺ã˺ãԴϲģɱ˼ҳɾʥųţƺģ󻹲ǸϷˣôķôԴͷһգ˸ƨȴûʺЦˡ
ФǬֵԪ԰ϪݣȴףȫӼȽŵͻȻи仯̫ѿڶ
ϪФǬԱߣ˵λöۣϪҲ鲻ɵڣĶɤˣüһôֲƶ¾֮пսˣ
һ񺣵ĻǻըˣһԲǶ֡
պ̤ڣûɣѹڣФǬҲڶѣ
ۣˣ͸ŪʡϷˣǾ͵̻ˣٵ̻ǻѵãöһϣ֧һʱ䣬Ϫֻ˵Խǿʱʹ࣬о⡣
꣡
ϥأŶݼ֮²ðˣҲǧӽǧȴҲ޷ѹ
ǣڻѹ֮ǰдٵĲǷ״٣ѹڣԪԵ
Ѫǹ֧ͼ֮䣬ֻ֨֨
Ѫǹظľ޴ѹ¿ʼΣۿҪ۶ϣ
żҪķѪǹͻȻһ˿ȻͲ֮ɫ
ӡĸ½磬ȡľǷѪǹ⼸꣬ʼ̵Ҳֻеǹ
ۿǹҪ۶ϣҲı䲻ʲôв̣һ˦Ѫǹı˽Ƕȣӳ˾ʮ۵ĽǶȻֱ˳ȥ
ߣֵܡ
ĬĬ˵仰ѪǹһһɫĹ磬
ಣ
ĽˮӰ˲ʧһ˸ֱɶķѪǹǰһѽס˷Ѫǹǹأѣ
ˡˡ
ѪǹϹ⻪תϵķ֮ڱ
Ľˮилʥ飬ֻůܸܵ˵⣬ϡԼʥʥҲĻ֮ʥΪݽ棬ôʥҲʧȥ⻪
Ľˮ֮̾ʱȴоеķѪǹԽԽ·Ҫһȥ
ţ⡭ô
ĽˮȻһԼ۾


1128 ֮ǹ
ѪǹȻʶҪԼɳȥһļƷʥܹģ
ʥȻͨ飬ҲֻͨѣĲʶǾˡ
ĺģһ顱֣ԣжԷݵأԶˣ˽ϸߵĽ׶Σ󷨣
ʥЧԼһ¶ܣһ־ͬһӡʥϣ֧ʥͱǧɫе֮
ڣĽˮеķѪǹȻ֮ûء
ʥͨ顭ôһ㣬û飬ֻΣΪѾ飬죡ô
ĽˮȻľѪǹȻһɲǣ˱ԴΣȻ
Ҫ֪һҪʥҪƷƲϴﵽˮ׼ȱ飬ֻܱΪͨʥ
ͨʥֻҪķ㹻ϣдʦɣѳɣǱԴ飡
νԴ飬Լ飬Ҳ飬ÿһĵ֪ҪķѶԴҪʮ꣬ʮ˸־һԪѪȥپԵγɣ
̫ˣԺܶʦѡһַʽ飬ȡһЩǿޡħֵĻǣߵĻǣƳ飬ǿз֮У飬ȸͲϣӲǶԹᾡľǩԼпڹؼʱ̷ˮ
ӣ֪
Ľˮ쿴ѪǹĽŻ˾㵣
飬ѪǹƷʣҲһԾˮ׼
͵ģ
ĽˮȻ򣬷Ѫǹһ˾Ŵ٣֮ǰд١״١ڵ٣ԷѪǹԿѪǹƷѾͬն
һ٣ԷѪǹһִݲУͬһϴ񣬴ĵ
ͷ־ۣޱ׳һǻѪԿ֮ʱѪǹҲ־ĹעټԷѪǹѾγ׾ˣ
˵һȫԼʦ죬ʥʼһ·Ԫ־ͷı٣׵ѪΪıˣ
ӳսһܹģҪǣѪǹͨڳʹò˵
һ֧ʹƷʥͨʥǵļˣ
Ȼ˵ÿһԴǾֻԵ󣬿ѪǹҲһĻԵɸƣ
֧ǷѪǹսһΣһ֧
Ľˮ˶ĻԵ˲ĳɼ֧سĶ֧Ų½Գɿգ
Ľˮо඼ڳ鴤ˣľɣ֮ƴ󣬹֮ѣ
ʱȫѪ飬ѹѪܴϣ¶˺öɭɭ׹ǣЩͷصƣⶼյļأһͷ
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Ľˮ컨ѲΪıʱ٣ŰѰһ˿֮һʣʮţ
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ڵޣܶԿĴڣ
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˫Ѫȫ飬Űѣϱ۹Ǻֹȫ¶ȡãս顪û˵Ļƽս顣
սܹעҶɱˣܸıλãȻܸȡûսֽȡͲ̫ļһӽֽеԲ̬Ķȫȡ˳
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1129 ն
ʮӣעڶһźڻɫԲϣĲľľʯʯֵħƣض졣
ȻôıҩϼеĶ̫̫ˣΪߣǳãõʲôܼǵסһϳźɫڶȥʥħ½Ѫɱԭ֮УɱѪɱԭԭӶԷõġ
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1130 
ԭȫѪѣֱۡ˫ȡرȫ¶˹ͷһ߹ǣȫ壬һЩͷѹôλˣĹͷǼͣҲܲסְͼļѹ
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һа֮׻ٵͬһȫѹƵаѿ֮У

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1131 ɽ
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Ե䡷мصİŶݼ롶вͬ
Ŷݼһ󾳽磬ʵҲϸΪ磬һǰǰţڶǲصźţ
أǰŶݼѿĲ֣ҪҪأ»ѻԴһԳƣ֮֮·һһѣĵǣ죡

һ֮ټ֮ȫľ֮У澭أ
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1132 ֮
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УѪǹһ˷ܵĸоӷѪǹϴһѪĸо·һ̣Ѫǹ졣
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䶨ľԲɹ
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ʲôȥˣֱӶǳֲɡ
ФǬͰϪҲңԹǷ˽磬߽磬ζʮֲпᣬͬˣǾ޴

ĽܷѩͷĽܷѩһ𣬷ң
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֪ҴѪɱԭõģֻܴƲ
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ĽܷѩͷǶ˶뵽һ㣬ĽˮҲֻɣңˣΪǸͲ֪ħ֪ƷʲôԵȻ벻ˣ˵ˣǺ֮УЩʶˣע⵽쳣
˵ǺħһĶħͬԴĻôණͽ͵ͨˣǴԼ裬ʮǰԪ׷𻹿֪𣬾ΪöŴ֣ǶȻ顢ħһĳãɴǵΪʲôѡܴ½֣Ҿ޷֪ˣԪսǻ޷֪߿ܵش˯Կ϶ǣΪĳԭǲûȫ֣ûƿԪµҲʹħ̺ܡ
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ħǡǡ෴̫ĹעĴսԪΪֻҲ˶ħΪܴ½λ棬żȻõҲǺ໥֣һ˵ɺϣʵڤڤ֮
ֻ֮أʮǰүүõħһ̣Ͷˣ
Ľܷѩ˵ԼƲ⣬һ֮ǰȫ٣лϸЩ飬ڿĽܷѩ˵ĺпܣħΪҪƿ½Ŀռϱ½磿ռϱڿɲô״Ƶģʮڴǧ磬Ϊֵѡܴ½ڵλ棿
ʵ˵ʮڴǧ磬ħܻѡһʮڷ֮һĸʣ˵ɺϣǣѡλͬʱħӡԪŮʬ½籾ӵеĶǾͲܼ򵥵˵ɺˡ
УȻĳֲΪ֪ϵųɵĿܣĽܷѩƲġ
ڵǣƷʲôôֵģΪʲô֣
ţĽܷѩ˵ҵǻһƲ⣬ϸһ£ħȻ˵أǵڶ֪ľ幦ЧǿԿ϶һйصıǺ飬˵Ѫ⣬ӦһѪйصı
һ㣬ӻԪϣҲܿһЩҲ֪ԪǲǷ˫ޣ޾Ԫϵô㵽ҲΪޣǻԪʵǿˣ֮󣬶Ůʮ꣬Ůʧһ㣬ҲǺѪһ֤
Լټĥʱ̣Ҳǿö飬˲ѪЧҩﲻ
ôħΪ꣬ҲǾеġ񡯣ΪѪ⣬ҲǾеġһ飬ƿƬĶ᲻ǾеġأҲһı
Ľܷѩ˵һƲò˼ά񣬴˿ƶϳôණණǰӡ֤а˾ųɵĿġ
˼һ˳ȫȥ̽ǺĴڣһ̽飬ȴ΢΢һڵĽ˵ȷʵеںЩ£ܴˡ


1133 ֻ
ڣħѾתƵĵ֮Уɹ֮ĵԷ˼ı仯
øеȴøСΧȴԵĿռŤһ㱡ˣеں֮Ρ
ϸ˵ѾˣӦýӡ
γɣʼĹ̾Щǳĺ֮ۼһ㣬㲻ϵѹﵽ£ͻᱬ
֮ȴγɿռ䡢ʱ䡢Уݻ
νĴ籬ǧ磬½ǧǧ磬ⱬ֮γɵģ֮ǰʱ䡢ռ䶼ڡ
ߵ̣Ҳ籬˵ơ
壬һС棡
ݻͶӰ
һʼ߲ϵڵлڣͱ־žԪϵĿʼʱȫԪھ֮УԪڵʣǺڡ
ԪΪйתν졣ڣԪΪˣ˲ϵѹ󡭡ܶʼḶ́ǡ籬֮ǰǻһ㡣
ߣ۳һ㼫ΪƵĺڶ
ţһöˣߵҪŴɵϴΪĻű׼
󣬾֮ݱӣδӱͻγ硣
ڵĵ߲ͨͬǣмӣһа磬֮⣬һĺɫ壬ħ
ħһʵڴ֮ǰͿħֻ֪һöӡԼ֮УȴתƵ˵۳ʵ壬а綼һԡ
ǿűȥĺ飬λħռ֮С
̽鵽ʱȴѾ˲Сı仯
Ľ飬ҿ϶ħͬ౦ΪħռҵˣѾ֮һϢ˲١
˵ţ΢΢ҡͷȻޱ󣬵վħͬ࣬ôһԼ֮һ
ҲЩϧȻϣԼٻһħͬȼֵıҪ
ԽֱҲԽѵã
ԼܼħѾ촹࣬벻̫ನĥѾٵõһǸʵЩãˡ
ţĽܷѩü΢ԼƲˣ
ֵһǾãĽƲûдܶණ޷ͣͱħΪʲôƮ䵽ܴ½ԪΪʲôҲǡǡѡܴ½һ½λ棬ô˶Ĵڣ
˵һжɺϣδ̫ǣǿЩпܵǣԪ𵱳Ϊö䣬ҲΪŻǿ󡣶µö顭
˵ţһֱӽڵĺȡ˳Ȼ˵ѾС֮һҲ֮һ
ǳöĺΪħ飬ôϵħķƷҲħĶħ飬Ҳܴ½λħ֮УλڻԪı֮£
һ˵ĽܷѩҲĶ̷ħȥ̽ڲεͷˣѹ뷨ħǿżڵʵѾǳǿ󣬵ħӻǸ֪Ҫ֪ǾԵ
Ԫ֮󣬶ȻϣԼĴԼ֣֮µĲÿ·ͬСɣԼڣҲܴһڣȥ֮·Ӳʲôá
ܴ½ò˶ҪȥһΡĽܷѩ˼˵
šͷûħ飬ҲҪȥﻹӣĸ
ȥùôǱȥȡ
ʲô
Ե䡷򣬻ܷʥһЩƸֻϧܷʥػʱܷʥΨһһײȱ˴벿䣬ȴڤӶˣȻҲˣڣѾ޷ʵڣҲܰǳĶһ˸Ʋˡ
ܷʥصǽʥأʥǴһײȱ䣬Ҳ֮С
ʵ̫ѵãΪֻܿ£˳ӽľ磬޷ܸƣһǹ±Դ֮Ҫǧ꣬ʱ䣬ڼΧսᣬѪɱ
Ҫһ䣬̫̫ѣܷʥСţڽʥѾǷǳѵõˣ
𡭡
һЩĳɳս֮ǰ٣ĸоľ޴ã
а֮ħ䣬Ķ̫̫ˣа֮˵Ҫа֮ģħսҪľС
ڵľ磬һ㹦ˣħ֮Щͨǿߵļ䣬Ѿ̫ҪˣҪ䣡
ֹԽ࣬õĺôԽ󣡶ƿ֮ҲԽǿ
֪䣬ɾ;ɣɹ֮ѾǼ򵥵Ĳ򣬽ãƿغ֧䣡
Ҫõȱʧ䣬ֻܻڤӡսȭͷڤӣĵһǿĶ֣ǿܣ˵ڤһ߲ʵĸ߷壬ô֮·һһ޶壡

ĽܷѩԻʱңһرĳϻڽС
֮˵ⳡϻرΪٿķʽ˵ϡ
ʱһСǧռϱ֮⣬߸Ͼۼһ𣬰ϪФǬУǵɫǳѿ
ԭͲµĽˮڳϻǣǲ£Ľˮ֮ìֻȨζȻǵ˼˭֪ǼûΥŹ棬ҲûɱĽˮڴϳֶԸԷڡ
ǣû뵽ĽˮȡĿ᷽ʽ
Ƿֳɼ飬һһĵټ
ƽʱᣬ˶һô˭˵й˼ɣھͲᣬ˭˵ʲôĽˮ֮⣬е֪
һ˶ᵣģ˵ʲôԼ˵ǲǻĽˮ²õӡ
Ҫ֪ʼʱĽˮڳֻǸߣƿңѹԵʵǴжĽˮ컹ǺִܵģĽˮ쵥ټ˭һЩصĶû˻˵
ڲͬˡ
ɹʮ죬žɣδпܳɾʹ£ң˵δĳɾϢϢأܳΪʥأܴ޵еսֻǺȵ
ˣԲ̫ȨôңʵƿʵĽˮ죡
ͽĽˮ죬δǰ;֮Ľˮ죬δԻܲң
֪䣬ĽˮֻһССֶΣͽԭһĳǷֻˣðϪİ


1134 
ϣңԪˣ̫ϳϣȻǰ֣һֱң飬ҶΪˣҲ㼫Ϊ˽ˣ֮ǰҸܳҲ̸ˣ˵һЩ飬֪ǰЩ죬㡢ܳϻаϪ׳ߵúܽ
ĽˮһƮƮʻ϶ȴ￩һ£
Ľˮ˵ܳϣ̫ϳһ֮ǰĽˮҪתʮͻƾɵʱȫڵ˶ԣϪǷҵǸ˺ܶ೤ϣĽˮ
ʵϣ̫ϳҲԲӭĽˮ죬ûϣԼͷٶһ̫ϻʣǵȨ
£һʼҲڰϪ
Ǻɽ٣ɾ;žɣǵ뷨ȴˣʵڱֵ̫ɫܳΪңܳΪʥأôΪԪϣܺȵˣԲһ׾Ʒʮܱġ
ԣֿʼĽˮ죬ĽˮͻȻгϷֻһ̸û֪˵ʲôЩš
һ˰ȫˣԼȴɵĸϪţǶȻĽˮ¼õӡһպңɻڴҲһȲϣΪ켺Ե
ԹȨνԴЩֱ˶ĺܲңȨƿ˵Ǻ˻ǻ˶Ҫֻŷһ仰˳߲
ѾˣĽˮŮ˲öԸ֮ǰľңΪ¶ݣѾˣҪ׵ƿȨңպΪʥصʱܸõĿңҪľǣڵⶼֻһ
֮ǰķ߰ϪФǬѾĽˮվ˶ϣڼʹҲˣȨ˵ȱľǶԱ˵Σʷ֤α˵Ȩߣ³ܲңĵˣǸǼ޴Ϊ
ȻĽˮ첻ҪϻϵһҪϪФǬȻҪɱӺˡ
ǰҪ
Щ֮ѡվӣĽˮ첻ȱҰģҲȱֶΣȻȸϪһźõöࡣ

ʱȥеĳϣ˰ϪФǬ֮⣬Ľˮ쵥̸ˡ
ФǬĲȻ滹򶨣ʵѾޱȽձ
ʲôĽˮ컹ʲôû͸ôѹţʲô㻹Ҫ¾
ϪԪѵФǬФǬЦǿ˵ͷϪ˵ȻףĽˮǰаƿԣĽˮٵƽŷֻʵ೤еȨѾԶԶͰϪˡ
ʱͻȻФǬǰСǧһ£һµĽˮ˵ǰ
׳ϣФϣһ°ɡ
ĽˮƮƮ˵ţϪһĽˮǲϱõСǧ磬ȴֲҽȥĸо
ңĽˮĿƣټĽˮʵ֪ǳСǧᷢʲô֪
ФǬȻҲ뵽һ㣬ɫѿˡ
ϪǿЦЦ˵Ľʲô飬˵Ϳ˰ɣ
Ϫ⻰˵жЩͬˣʵϪ֮ǰһУһȨǿ˵Ӧ㲻ϴûԸ⹰óԼȨ֮ǰΪҪɱǶȨص̫ϳ˵ɱһҲʲô˵飬ֻϧ˶֣ߵ塣
ĽˮҪѰϪȥʧȥڵĵλңеĶˣ˰ϪЩԭϪߵýģĽˮ˽Ӵʱűġ
Ͼǲ϶ûнϪ֮ǰһЩ飬˽øɸɾԼɵǾԼˡ
෴һжɾģԼôԿ
ֻ˵ů̬԰ϪжЩΣָо˲ܣʱΡͻԹޣ˵΢ҸеΡ飬ҾͲټ㣬Ӵ
Բ֪䣬ϪФǬѾˡ
Ŷ̸ҲԡĽˮƺǳ˵ЦЦĿһۣ˵ФϺͰ׳֮ϣȥŰɡ
Ľˮһ˵ʱФǬͰϪһǿˣȴǶӵʱĿⶼЩ
ФһȥϡϡĶȥˣûһЩ˻˼ֻһĽˮ²õӡ
ųǵ뿪Ľˮ졢ϪФǬڵĿռҲȫ
һĻϪЦ벻벻ߵʵҰϪ˵³һ㣬˼£޲̸ƲϵǺֶΰ
ϪĽˮ죬ҧ˵ڰϪФǬѾоˣĽˮ죬ܵ˼ѹһȡŮˡ
̸ֶϣֻɾžɺʵŶѾռ˾ԵƣʵѾ㲻ҵĶˣҴԷŹ㣬ֻǡ˺δܵĵһ˿һĻᣬҸµĲʹѵҲϣһ󣬼ûвҵʵȴΪԹպҵĳ˳ҵ鱨鱨ֻպѣҲ侮ʯѾԹޣȻⲻôôκθĻ᣿
ܷʥ龰ĽˮģĸףܷʥʥΪûǰڤ֣亦
ĽˮôصޣһðϪԼĳڤӣô֮ǰ೤ǩԼ¶ûʲôˣڤӺܿа취Ƴʱһڤ֪ԼĽܷѩĴڣ֪
ãݣˣҿδң
ϪȻһ˦˵ĽˮҲǰְܲɱһңΪȨɱԭԪϣȻû˸ҰôҪ˼۵Ӱɣ
ɱ̫أʧġ
·͸˰ϪĿе뷨ĽˮǷһȣƺ޿أϧƴˡ
ţϪһ͵غһȥԼֽ䣬ʱֻоǰһĽˮѾǰ
䣡
ĽˮôֵģֻһɲǼ䣬ϪоתԼ·ĳδ֪ռ䣬ΧѩƮ㣡
ϪҪ磬ȻȴԼȫԽԽʶ֪ȥָоǷڴȻǰǰ
̫Զˣ

ңпФǬͰϪǸĽˮ󣬱濴ûʲôֻǶĽˮΩǴӣҴж¶һ˿ľηͿ־壡
񣬾ǱūӡĸоȻû˸ȥѯĽˮ죬ֻܰѹĵףװֻ֪жĽˮŮеηˣʣĴ֮˭Υ³ܲңФǬͰϪǰ
ФǬͰϪױĽˮôˣûһңͨӸͲ˽ЩνȻûвˣĽˮɫģңУȫųȴûκβӰ죬ȨƵ˼㡣


1135 ̫ŵ۶
ңڵ磬ƴ̶ȣȷڵĳ绹Ҫһأ
磬˵˭˭СȵĲǿߵ
һ磬ųɵǿߣ½ÿһ½޷
ңȻҲ½ϣֻޱȱԵĺ򡪡ĺϣĴţЩʥءʥأʥأλ½Ĵ
ƬԴޱȷḻؾҲ࣬ЩؾУҪȺؾӸġ
ЩؾȻģֻʯһЩͼҩģֻɹۣȴϲȥؾǵȼĵر˵һǣýǿ߳һʯǿȴаȤ
ǾĲ࣬ؾȻޱȸģ˵ǧĵؾȴƷĵرǿߵ󣬵ĲƸȴٳҵķÿ罻׵ĲƸɼ
̫ŵ۶ϵĳУǱĽˮ֮󣬵һվ̫ŵ۶ΪȡܷʥصıأаԵ䡷ĽܷѩµƸ
Ľܷѩ˵̫ŵ۶Ѿʷˡ
ڣһֲ֣ʱϣһ˵һʮϢһϢһʱ䣬ݣһϢһ꣬ǿ֪ʱǺεȵƳ
һʱ䷢չĳУ֪ǶôĿֲ
Ȼ׼̫ŵ۶ʱ𺳵ĸо
̫ŵ۶
ǰĳУ׼ȷ˵һڿеĴ½
ϿգƯһ鳬½䳤ݺᶼﵽ
̫ŵ۶Եһɸߵĳǽɺĳǽֱͬһɽһ㡣󷨡ļӳ֣ƬǽɢһɹӲçϢ
Ȼǽģƴ󣬼̷ǳȻ˸ֹµĺۼеĵطвСȱʧȻ̫ŵ۶ʷ֮УҲսܷеսܿǽʥصĻƴ
ʵ˵ܹУٸߵĳǽҲãǽȴϿγһ޴ϱڣУ֧ôӴϱڣһĵʯͿ֪ˡ
̫ŵ۶֮⣬ʥޡ޴ۡ齢ЩʥޡֻҪӽ̫ŵ۶ҪǵۣнС
ڳеĴΧվĽЩҲڵΪߣʦƵ񳵣սֻҪ㹻ټǿߵĲٿأͿԷӳ˼ƻ
̫ŵ۶ǡԵ䡷һЩصĲλãĽܷѩΪȡΪԵ䡷ЩأΪЩӦĳɽҰ룬ɴؾ֮У󷨱û뵽ȻĳУ
֣ĳУôеطܲ䱦أ
ûӣһЩﶼֿţһ֣ôһ֣ùôһ֣һ־ʹ̫ŵ۶ǮׯǮׯĻ˱ʥأʥأ͸òµˣĵһʥأҲʥأҲֻʥأô籾ǮׯǷǳȫĲر֮أܶܣѡ񽫱Ǯׯ൱ã˽̿˵ĶȻǰ㲻ҪЩۺı
ĽܷѩһлȻʣһֵ֧Ǯׯ洢ȷʵ԰ȫʥر𣬷ǮׯеĶ¡
ô˵ЩƸѾˣЩܹŻʮѣЩǿ˵꣬ȷʵʲô
ԣˣ
û뵽ִ洢ķǮׯ˽һ
Ȼ̫ŵ۶Ǯׯдĵ䵱СУʥУؽס׵ҩֻ벻ģû򲻵ģĴ֮У̫ŵ۶۹һ񵤣ǳᣬƼϰٽǿߺͲ֪ʥжʮö񵤣һߣĴۣǾˣǲö֪
ʲôȻһ񵤣ǸһĶȻΪҩһԵģûֵߣҲ࣬ʱ򣬶Ҫ˵ĴǾ޼֮ˣ
Ȼ񵤶еⶫҪưɣ
ǵģкܶ𲻻෴ĳЩĴȴΪǷӵ񵤵ǵ֮ǰ˵磬ǧУֽĵط򶼻дﹺƷб˽
˽̸䣬Ǳ̫ŵ۶ĳš
ɸߵĳţΡ룬ſڵ󣬶Щ˵Удڣڣڵߡ
һߵĳУ
ţ΢΢һ㵣ôǿ⣬ֵǣǵУ˲٣һǸʵ츳Ƿ
Щˣŵһʥؼж״ӼģȻôࡣ
Ƕʥصĵӣ
ûж룬չؽ˽Ƿѣ̫ŵ۶ӵþסʸ񣬷ǽǷѾҪһʯĲƸþµߣȴҪ֪ڷʱ򣬽ʥѡҲֻҪǧʯˣڡڵӣҪΪʲƸϲʱ䡣
ȻǮ˵ֻëëˣ˵ĽܷѩǮׯıںؾУɱϻɽŵӣͻֵܼһǧʯľ޶ƸЩƸҪʯҩġʯҲѾĽˮͨ
ڵޱȷ
Ǯׯˣ
ǰĺΰϷһңóɫдɵġǮׯĸֶŽϵĲ
̤Ǯׯж죬ռʮڿԼٷУ
Ҳ֮е飬Ͼ̫ŵ۶Уǽʥص֮ܲ⣬ඥ⣬ʥصڴʹõ۶ؿôݡһڵ۶֮ڣһЩоͻ᲼Сǧ磬
һǮׯӭһȺߣЩˣкڵΪԼĪʮ꣬һɷʲ
ܼģߣЩߣڵΪǿߣңϡϣЩ˵ȴֻǹܼҡ
ôܳһ·֪˶٣̫ŵ۶Ȼ


1136 ȡ
߽ǮׯʱǼҲע⵽
Ǹˡ𣿡һԪ˵
ףϢĸоӦǴŻߴˡһֳȵİҡӣƵ˵ע⵽ǾɵΪǾеٮٮߣ˶š
ţˣǮׯڵǼ˴ǷʹȡĵطȻǴ
˵Цˣļ֮⣬ʲôҲȲǽҰǼˣٺ˰ɡ
⼸ЦǺǵţȻõԪȴûбܻ䣬ȻˣȻᵽԼ
Ǯׯ֮ɢһЩǿߵϢԶŵ۶ֳһЩʵͱܱһЩҪ鷳Ҳ˳һЩ
ǮׯڵһѰƽƽͻᱻʾһĲ֤ڡ츳ˣȴֱӽ롣
λҪĴȡǴȡأ
սǮׯһεεŮӭǮׯʽװһζ
ͨõǮм֣Ҫֱʯ͵ҩˡ
ǰߵò˵ת󷨣ʻ齢ؾıرʯںߣǴӵıƷ
ڳǸֵҩмΪõģǡüֵһöҲһʯ
Ϊ˷㣬һЩǮׯһöһöļֵۺϳһ׼ҵλǮׯġ
ȡ֮ǰĶƽ˵
ǹҪȡʲôأǶأȥȡŮЦӯӯ˵Цʮġ
˵˴ţⳤĴоͰϢеŮ΢΢һ㵣ȻѾˡ
ЩϹ˵ĶҲȽϳˣϾǶ˶ǧͻȡá

Ůóһ̣ϲŪһЩ̷֮ҫ۵ĹâŮӺһһСǧ磬Сǧвһ޴ķӡ󣬶ĽܷѩŵıСǧķӡǮׯķӡ󷨶ǽǿ߲µģʥǿСǧ磬Ҳƿ
롣
Ůָָλڷӡ󷨱̣иָӵƣƵǧһɶʮƣϣ֪򿪡
Ľܷѩߵѡ˶ʮöƣض˳кãǵһ죬ӡһǱ򿪣һö޻ֽ䱻˳С
ĽܷѩǮׯĲƸˡ
ø֪һɨһöѪɫȻӳöΪ⣬˵ʵͲʯɣһöѪǿ̳ɣЩɫǡѪһ㡣
ʣǡԵ䡷
ֻǸ֪ϵϣһ֮ѪĸоΪѾϰһ֡Ե䡷¡
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Եһ£еĿƬǧ߰ţҲǧ߰ʯ֮ǰĲƸܲƸѾﵽǧڡ
ţһСĲƸĽܷѩеľ󣬶ʱһƺ뵽ʲô̾һ
Ӧ¶һСĲƸȡʹˣҲֻ֪룬ΪʲôἱʲƸأΪͻƾô
ĽܷѩƽʼչҼãҲܾпģ˹ù֮⣬þĽܷѩΨһˡ
֪ʲô
Ľﲻصˣ󣬿гһգܷܽʥ½ɱڤӣܷʥ֮ҲܴģʱĽȻˡ
šԸ˰ɡĽܷѩͷǲ֪ΪΣĲ
ѶǼȻԶŵ۶Ϊ׼ܣ֮ǰٿһšţ֮ȥԿšٽǵǣƵǣǾǴ漣
֮ǰٿһţȻһ㶣աԵ䡷ļأ̫ʱطûиı䣬˫޻еʱ֮ǰҲǳס
šǲܵģɾٵʱ򣬽֮أĺʣڻ˴ȴһֳŵͷ
Ҫһ磬ΪӣӵĺûδĳɾͣȻˣҲҪ֮ǰٴһôһȷγ磬Ҫһߴö࣬Ҳ̵ö࣡
ĽҪƳȻǵĽܷѩļƻڡԵ䡷֮УصĿšŵķֵҩΪΪ
֮ڡԵ䡷أǳǼܳܵ˵ģȻһٴк顢ĸ죬Ѿǿ˼ĵزȻ˵޻ЩɨЩ̫ȴûκ⡣
Ľܷѩ̸ţӭ֮ǰһͬǮׯЩῡܣЩŵϹܼҶǿߡ
һֳȵˣЦŶ˵λ̨֪γƺǳĸĸ壿˽𣬿ɷʶһ£
ΪˣأƸ츳ԶѰ꣬˽ύ֮ġ
Դĵ˵չʵΪҪΪ漰δ̳˵ĹʶһѣǺõġ
ԭܾתһ룬ԼԶŵ۶ز죬ҪƳĲϲףʶĵӵĻȻˡ
ǣ㹰ֵ
ԺѸٵһ飬Զŵ۶ûʲôֵĴ壬Ǳ𴦴Զŵ۶ˡ
̸˼䣬漰ʱﲻ飬ȻҲԸ¶ݵϢҲˡǱȽˬ˵Լļ塪Զŵ۶ҡ
һǧĳ壬ۺϳ㶥ʥأʥ۷ǿʵǿ̶ԶԶңܹġ
Ϊܲĳ壬ҵȻٲ˾̵⵹ʮȤżɽ˵ԭǽҵүһϣҪԶŵ۶򣬲֪ܷæ


1137 ˽˽׻
ŶʲôϣֹӿҶˣҽԶŵ۶ĵҲһٶңвϣΪչٷ㲻ˣ۸棬ҿԸۡ
󷽵˵һĽܷѩͨһ£Ƴ嵥˳⡶Ե䡷Ǹħһ巨֪ܸݲ嵥ʲô
ʵ㱻֪ˣһ幦Ҳ˵ʲôȤó嵥ʱûй˼ɡ
ùϵɨһۣʱȻյĲϣԭҪϡŹֵö࣬вټֵΪ
Щϡʲô
ԭҲΪ˽⣬ԳõϵҩҩǳϤϤĵҩ嵥ҲܴƲùЧ
ڿǰĿϡŹֵϣȴЩͿˣⵤҩǸʲôõģ
ԭӲ嵥棬Ʋһ޹ܴ࣬Ʋܵĳڸһͷˮˡ
ֹҪҵĲϡкܶ಻õҪȫѰҪһЩĳЩʯ̥ʲôˡĳªţʵû˵
Ե䡷Ѿ֪Ƕǰĵ伮ˣмصƣвĽзȫͬĽܷѩƹϹŵ伮Щҩĵֶо͸ˣҪۼвϣǲܵ飬ڣҲһЩΪ̫ƫţڽû˵
ĳڴĽзҲб֣һЩľʯؾǧʱ䣬̥̥Ҫɺϣ׻췣֮ϴپǧʱ䣬ܳΡʯ̥ʯʯ̥ʮټ
һߵļ˶ʯľ̥ǵ˵һ̥֮󣬶뱻һЩȥ˷ǿܣʯʯ̥ǵһ˵
Ҫⶫ²ףеĻҲҪ۲Ƶġ
ҺˣҲҲûϵ
Ľܷѩ뷨֮ǰţٺòĿҲûϵⳤĲϣҪ룬Ҳһ졣
ɣ֣嵥гĴϣҾæңʯ̥Щ쵹и˽¾Ľ׻ᣬ⽻׻ϵĶϡŹ֣һǰҲЩջ񡣡
õģ˶лˡ΢ԥһ£ӦЩȻǴҹûԼ¶һЩ츳֮⣬涼Ϊ͵ǮׯķС㶼ֽ֪вǧڵĲƸ£Ϊ˻Լ
´ӡ֮Ǳ˽뿪Ǯׯ
Զŵ۶ȷʵǸƣڴϣ񺣡侳ǿ洦ɼǿҲϡ棬Щ˵ĵԱͬҪõö࣬Ҳ֮е飬ǽǷþҪһʯáΪ͵еŶˡ
Զŵ۶ˣҪôǸ֣ҪôţεҲǸҹӡ
һջסҲһ½ϢΪԶŵ۶һǧļ壬ϢȻײ鵽
Ϊʥ۷弶ǿߡϲʥؼ壬Ϲŷ廹ǲࡣкܿԽһۣ֮ǰԼʱ΢Щˡ
Ҫ£㣬ԲŻʾãЩӵܱ˴֮侺Ҳ൱ҡĽܷѩԪ˵
šжͺãĻҾҪŵˡĻһ䣬㲻룬ڿջпʼϢ
֮ǰһ⣬ڽĴ˽˽׻Ҫʼˡ
ս˵ϯ׻Ķݵˣ׻ַԶŵ۶ĵڷ˽ĺڰʣǴµһЩڵ۶֮⡣
˽ĵطѾһŮڵȺˣŮӵΪڣˮ鶯ˡ
ֹӰɣʱˣ롣
ŮӴһƬ㳡һƫƧʯ֮ǰʯݣңһĵţŮŪһ·ĵ˳ʯ˰׹⡣
ŮһƣóʯźһյСǧ硣
֪ܣС˽ȥʯԶպϣһĴ֮Уڷһ޴ԲʯʱʯΧѾ˲ˡ
ϴμĽļѺȻʯΧ
֮⣬һЩˣΪңȻ罭˵Щ˸˽ܡ
֣ˣ
΢ЦŴкҲͷ񣬴֮һΪòľѵŮ룬Ϊ˷ϲ㣬ЩŮŶʮ¶ƬĴ⡣
мŮڷ²֮ȥȴϵļһ˻ʱһ
ЩŮȻһ£Ҳûзܿ˳ǼˣԹԵ丧Ū
Ȼǽ׻о飬ǼȻĳˣһĻûκ⣬ȻǵԾͷ˵ıԺԵĵطǼ꣬ʢľ˫޹ҪϵĲɲк͡
ȺŮ֮󣬴߽֮һһŮ
ڵΪһ£ɫ΢԰ףԵЩ𺡣
Ů񺣺Ϊ̬ȣķһɫۣ۵Ŀĵط¶ѩ׵Ĵ۵ΧŵýģҪѿһ㡣
ˣȻǵһˡ
λõأ
Ůӿ˵ʮ꣬ĸо
쿪ʼɣҶȲأ˵Ūٺöأ
ΪŮһһŮЦ˵
Ǻǣ﹫ӻļһν׻˺öǻϹأĶ֮⣬λ˽ʲô뽻Ҳóɿʼ
˵֣һòŮһӣӴ򿪣¶һŰ׺Ķһһģǳѡ
ϵĳѶʮö˭ҪģԿˣҲĻȡ
˵꣬ߵҲóһЩЩȻвʶ
һöι״ĹƬƿŹŹֵ֣Щ֣ȻûƬɢһµϢȻƾõ£αĶֻ֪úͼֵˡ
ƬԱߣһ׺Ľ״壬Ҳûϳʲôóļȫ͸ļֵ͹⽻׻һ˿Ȥˡ
Ȼ罭˵׻רųһЩϡŹֵĶҲԼ⽻׻Ļջ
Ҫ֪۽ǲУĽܷѩ۽磬ɷǱѰ


1138 ʯСŮ
óļʱ˲˵Ŀ⡣
⽻׻˵ĵطڣרųƽʱƷ
˼ҿ
һ߸ݣƲСӵ߽ǿƬҪ˹ȥĿ
һҪǰɫҲоš
Ľ㿴ǹƬͽʲôԪĽܷѩ
Ľܷѩ΢΢һ˵ǹƬϿ̵Ӧ̫ʱʥʹõѾǼʮ꣬ϰǰˣǸʱطδı䣬ߵһöȱĹƬӦĶӦñΪǼ򣬸֪еĻӦûּء
Ľܷѩ˵䣬Щϣø֪̽һǹƬȻһм֡ƺӰ񣬿ޱȣֻȫ
ĽǼмصɶ
Ľܷѩֻܶٵһ֣Ҳ򡶲Ե䡷ʱΪ׫дԵ䡷ҲЩƫڹҲĹϹĵ伮ܶٵһЩǼӦǼ˹ҪŪе˼Ҫʱ䡣
˹Ǽ֮⣬ǽ״Ҳһ񽺶ȥʱ򣬲ŷӲǳСССһ飬ʮ
ĽܷѩڶҲһƬҲ̵ƬȻ̺һЩأƬѾˣȱֵ̫Ǻܴ󣬵ȥȴһղء
Ľܷѩ²²һ˾Ųʮ
ȻûĽܷѩǷȥĿ֮ҲȷǹƬЩȱǳĹоʲôĿԲȻȤղأЩҸԣҲɵӣǮ̫ߵĻǲġ
Ƭ׼۶Ǯ
ʼƬС꿪ʵһ˵һ߻һƣһڻŮ޵֫ϣʹѡ
ʯΪӺǺһЦ˵׵ļ۸
򣬵ǲȥҲУǮҳˡСˬ˵˵꣬ɨһߡ
ûΪһöоʲôĹƬСȥС걾Ϊ츳ߣҲСȦеλ
һĻС⣬ΪҪɽʱһгȴҳʮʯλ̨öƬתøΣĳѼЩǺȤġ
ţСüͷһ壬ʵҲǼмһЩһöԹԺоС㱧һЩϣָǸܴӹǼмصַһЩõĶ
תͷɨһΪǸûаѿϵĶø˵ϰߣİʮ򡣡
򡣡
ɫļӼۣڳῡܺܶǳʥؼǸһٮٮߣˣֱӴŵĲƸҲ಻һڶѣ⻹Ϊ˲μ⽻׻רŴǮơ
ʥأɲֱʥصĲƸ
ʵС׼ס
ĲƸǶϻɽƴѪȥؾһõȫټĽܷѩı⣬Ŵճɵǧھ޿
뵱ӽʥصңóһʯѾƴȫҵһˣǧʯҪһϲʥؼĴ۲ܴ룬Ͼʥؼʵ󲿷ʲҲǹ̶ʲתǮ
ҪڲѹС̫ˣô˻ȡùǼĶǡ
۸תۼ˰ʮСӵɫѿˣ˰ʮѾƸʮ֮һˣ۸ҲĳԤڡ
ϾƬδоʲôһˡ
һѹ˼۵ĳ嶯ҪҪҲȲòƸ
Сӡȥʲô·ߵԪ˵
ӵǽٴģӦóġ
СûľΪĵĳҪ˼ɵ飬ó˰ʮһöȱǼˣȻޱ׿
֮öϵĳѣҲİʯļ۸ߣȴʽˡ
Ľ׻ᣬޣóĶһû򣬽ҪŻȥ
ЦǺǵİѱ˲ҪĶûʲôˣʱߵص˵ղֻһСǸȤĶ
˵ţ֡
ʹӴӣЩӱ涼źɫĻ߹ȥĻȫˣ¶һ˸ߣ֧Ļӣ֮УȻˣһʮŮһʮһСŮһ߰ͯ
һ֣˵ĿⶼŮϣŮˮڵΪϧ
֮壡
СһۿŮӵʡ
ǺһЦ˵﹫Ӻ֮壡Ůʢҵк͵ĻΪͻѽ粽ӲĻͻңվת߻ħ
﹫ʮĹҪкͣô﹫ӻɣһõ¯ֻҪ﹫ӻһЩۣŮʮʱڲѣʱܷӳЧأ
һ˵СȻĶˣûɣ
ʣ츳ãһ㲻ƽϣпĳţźá
ģһսûļ壬ѵʱǾˣҲͬˣܸŹӣĸ
˵䣬֮Ů̾һƺڰ̾ԼˣҲȷʵѡԼļû䣬ˣҪĻֻǿߣŪԴֻ뵽ԼЩѹˡ
﹫ʮ⡣
ֽĿתƵǿֻʮһСŮϣ°ͣСҲʣ
ʵĻ꣬Ҳˡ
СŮ˹עʱЩţӵĽ䣬һ˫СֽסԼļ۵ļ΢΢Ķš
ҲʡЦЦ˵
ŶʲôʣȤǲ˫޹ģҲʵĺӸȤ츳õĻȥһҲһӡ
⡭ôһʣһۣƺЩ֪οˡ
ʲôѰҲûѰȷ⣬֮󣬲ҪʳԵʯʯԵĻһҪ
ʲô
һ˵ڳῡܶˣʣһ˵
֮治У


1139 ʯ̥Ϣ
˼˼°ͣʣܳתΪĻ츳Ȼǳ죬һСŮĵ뿴ʲôΪһȴüͷСŮпտҲûκԪûΪ
ţû
һ˿Σ
ʲô壿
ǺһЦ˵ǲֻʱûзôѣҲ㹻Ϳأֱʣܲĵ伮ӹŴִûзƵļأСŮǶһ޶ģңҪҲߣֻҪ򣬾ͿԽߣʱܷʵļֵǾ׬ˡ
һ˵üйƻЩ幫ȴΪ㹻һһʯ˭֪ٲ㹻࣬ķ˲ٲƸջûκλر׻˺ܶʯǿˡ
һʱ䣬Ůͯû˱ۣ΢΢ҲĬǰСŮʮֿɰʮһͣɬúܣϻŨŨ
һ˫۾Ȫһ㣬ıӣ촽˵ƺһˮ
ҲСŮܲؼϴһСŮʵڲ㡣
СŮõĹǽһȤĴɣĸ֣Լֻᵢ
Ľ˵СŮʣԪʵ
ĽܷѩҡͷʣҲû˵СĪһеĸоֻǵ鲻٣ĴƯСŮǵҪ֦ˡ
Ľܷѩ˵ţѾڽһͯˣҲһʡ
СӣߣɺĵպȻȡòСĳɾ͡
ˣλԿʼˣ֮Ůӣ׼ǧ򡣡Ц˵˵ŻŮһѣŮǿЦЦȻԼѡˣڳмۣȴܾĸо
ǧ򣡡Сһмۣ˷֮ɫ֮ǰûһʱ嶯ȥǸòĹǼ֮ŮӲмֵģԼкô
ǧ򣡡˱ˣħĿɲֹ﹫һˡ
ǧ򣡡Сǳ鶯һ£۵ͬʱƳһۣĿ̺һ˿֮⣬ȻǾҪ֮Ů
ȻŮûκ壬Լ˫֮ŮӶԸ
۸ܿǧ򣬶ʱһ洫
һڣˣ
̺һɰԵ֮⣬𣬿ռųһ˿ռ䷨ĲһĿ࣬ɫս׵˽
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ˣڳῡܶ΢΢һͣȻʮּɵ
֮ǰ֮ŮڱصõС꣬Ҳһ£죬һĿɬȻˡ
۾˴һԷֻ񺣳Ϊѡ
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ңԶŵ۶ʥصĵҵֱϵˣֻ񺣳ΪսǿĲ˼飬ǸĶ֣ǡ˵һ£һǷ˫ޡ
Ŷ仰Щ⣬˫޵ߣ٣ôѡˣȻʾ֮
Ȼѡ˫޵ģδػĽܷѩԿΪĿ꣬ǶֻǳȥŶݼףЩߣϲԼǿ
һǸһٶǰͳˣƫƫڼʱŵŤʱдʮ꣬ųڲʮ꣬øһײϣǶѹƵģ֣òҪͻϵĶãĻ³ܲҵġǵùν׻ȻҲˡ
Ĵ治˵΢΢һ㵣ڼʱŵŤʱжȹʮꣿ
ıʱзȻмӿ죬һ˽ʱһӳһ£ҾȻ֮һѹһ죬ôѵʲôر⣿
вʣԪĽܷѩ
ĽܷѩӦΪ˵ȴʲô飬ЩʱЩžеʢ㵱μӵĹŷʲôģƣԶŵ۶ʲôҪ˰ɡ
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۲ǳңʵ츳ǲûʱῡ˵ܶʱ츳һ˵ĵ
ǳ£
ճյЦһڵļ۸񣬳ԭԤƣǳСŮʽҲˡ
ʵͯҲһǧļ۸ߡ
ǣֻСŮʣĽ˫ۻϥǣһ𣬿Χ˵Ŀ̺һ˿ӣһ˿ã˷ϧ
Ϊû츳츳Ů۳öƯɰ˵ûʲôֵֻ̰ͼɫĻ߿׵Ľǧ󹬣һʯϰٸŮˡ
óҲûһһڵĸ߼ˡ
ʽĶһЦ˵ˣǰƷ۾͵ΪֹˣλʲôмֵĶʲôҪǻᾡ㡣
ǰλҲ˽ｻƷ
⻰СڵһЩ˶еɥۿ֮ǰʺԼ֮Ůȴòζܡ
ҲֻóԼõĶϣῡܻƷʱվ˵λһҪչλеĻ۸⡣
һ˵˵Ŀⶼۼϣ֮ǰð˰ʮʯļ۸ֻһȱƬǼ£˵ļ۸⣬Ȼر
ʲô°ͣʵ
ĳҪģʯ̥Щ˲֪רŽʯ̥ĸһ飬ڳ߶һƬãȻ֮ɫȻǴǵһ˵£Զŵ۶Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻûд˷Ϣ
һĻһʼûб̫ϣ΢ɥԶŵ۶Ҫյʯ̥ʮѡ
̾һҡҡͷôν׻ջһöƬҲ
ϣʱһŮͯӽдǸǸҡҺ񡭡֪
Ŀ⣬˴УСŮϡ


1140 صСŮ
˵ĿⶼǸСŮͻȻôǿעӣ˵ĿʮСŮʱһһڿˮЩԥЩη壬ҧҧ촽ʹĵ˵ͷ˵ҡҡЩӡ󡣡
ЩɣôϡеĶӶѰҲ޸֮СŮ֪
ԼЩʯֱ̥ܷĳһʮһСжټʶأ
ʵЩͲͨ
뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˣ۾СŮָĵ棬ô֪
úҪԹҪŶЦ˵Ȼ֮ͣȴ̺һ˲ζ񺣺ڵΪһСŮѹȸʵ̫ˣСŮƽʱͺһ˵СŮʱһ˵ˡ
վ£˵ҲҪ
ԼԵһ㣬ⷽʵûʲô츳СŮȻܽš
ҡҡСŮһ˫ȭͷǰ·¶˺ܴƵģҧ촽˵ҡһλ硭
ţ˵ʲôҶԴӦ㡣
롭СŮ˵Щƺֺ£ּ־ĿӺһۣɫ΢΢ףȭͷյý˼Ϣʱ䣬ͻȻٶ˵λ뿪һ߸Ƕģ
˵仰ƺþȫδɬؿڿٵţûаѪɫ
⻰˵֮ӵɫ΢΢ȴȻЦţֻЦСŮУȴëȻ
ôˣС˼ǣƽʱ㲻ô
ʮתȴ΢΢üСŮ֮ǰߵͯӶǹò̫ãԼ֮ǰ̫ˡ
ʵǵˣôǣҲǸδ֪ߵıֻ˵İš
һʣСŮȻܺ£ȴƺͻȻǿֻҧ촽˵
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СŮӺԵľ⣬Ҳ֤ĴǿֵҲǸЫĳŮˡ֮ǰû˵һʮҵϢ
ĽܷѩͻȻ˵ԭͶСŮĪиУʱСŮĴԥ˵Ͳ֪ʯ̥飬ҲҪ
ţ˵Ҳġ˵ţҲûСŮô֪ʯ̥ģֱת˵֮ǰ뽫СŮʯɣΣҳǧ
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СŮ˲ɫҰףָϵĶţ˵ҡҲǡ
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˵ţῡܣ֮⡣
ɫһȭͷ΢΢սѹԶŵ۶էܲ򲻶֡
˼˼ʯ̥ҩҲܲأ°ͣĴСŵСȫˮĵ䣬˵ҲǡҲǡ
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ҿھۣЩҲСһЩȤῡǶһۣ׷׷˱ۡ
Ҳƴֿǳġ
ο츳̫ɫˣ˫޲˵񺣳ھܺɨЩкڣҪ֪ǿɶǸһٮٮߡ
ȻҲֻԹˡ
ǧ򣡡ɫ䣬˵۸
΢΢һ㵣µĿһۣӴǣͦţǮǰɣǽǰҪұȲЦˣҵҪܸҼأ
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֮ǰ߹ǼСҲЦСӣϴòѹңοô
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ԱѹӣǱѹ͸о²̨ˣ˵ͨ
Ψ²ҵ˵ҿ㣬ΰ
ͲˡĿСһֽۣɫֻתңƽ͵˵һһǧ򡣡
侲ûһ˿·ӳȥĲһǧʯһһ㡣
һ仰ʱɫͨ죡
ԭСŮλһǧٶͲˣϾֻ˵СŮʯ̥ǲǣ֪
ȥ֮շֻһĿԲСģ
ԭȻֵòһʵҲǮǮɵӣǿҪۣҪƺѹֳԼںʯҪҸԼ
һڽгһǧ򣬱ҵλҪһǧ
ﷸˣʱ򣬺ݻѾӳȥˣȻˣպԶŵ۶ô졣ȥ˶ЦҲ
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ҧ˵Ѫˣ֮ǰճһ֮Ůٳڣܴݣ
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Ҫ֪Ҹԣ٣ҲǸϹŷ࣬ؾ֮УϹŷóʮʯҲǲСͶˣǿϹŷܲͶʣֻҵһС


1141 ѻʯ
˽֣²̨ҩζʼֻҪ۾ûϹܿѾˣ۲Ű
Сӣѵʲô󱦲أ
תʱһԪӵ
٣ԩͷˣСȻСŮڱصãͬķĵİ׳ҲãĶʲôʯ̥ڱصҲãôѵõĻᣬһɵǮĶ壬ôܲһأ˵أ
ţ΢΢һ㶣ʱˣҪ˫ɣټۡ
ټۻףң⻹ǸԼ飬ʱĿһ˼ĸ߼۵ĻôԴ˳Ȼڿ䣬֪ԼֻˣĻһˣһݺݵĿ֮õĺ¡
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⡭У΢ԥһ£һڴӦ
٣ҲɵСӵλܹ߰˸ڣٵͣ־ˣǧѷĻᣬһʶԲˡ
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ʱҵȻƴˣãҽ֪ҵĲжۺ񣡡
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ôͲˣ̫˰ɣղ㲻Ǻţηһôҷˣҷһ̰ø㣬ǡôٺ٣ȻƾͱڴүǰװҲУβͣȥ
ҿԥˣü̼öԷٳһΣѾټۣʹ˳һѡ
ҵĻЦһĿ¶һ˿֮ɫǼ޳ܵģûô޳ܵģڣõóôǺңǰѱ˶ɵˣ
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˵꣬ת˵ҳԣ˵ǰǽģ˷̰ǣǺξģ
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ǿ׼ʯ̥ΪҪץס㣬ôϾĵֻ̣ǾΪУǿѹͷߣΣ˶ˣѹߣο»ǣңҳӾ͸ˡ
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һ仰˵ֽ꣬ȻһĨѪǹʣ
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ݣ
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֪Сӣ
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Լû˾ȵˣҴЦҽȻ̤̤˵棬Ȼһһȭ
ղűòѹͱһڻȻټ۰һ棬˶óڸӳ˫ɣңԶѷҺεȸ߰һѹţģϣиسӣѪǹ֮á
ûãƾһȭҳͬʱͬʱŶݼ׵ǰţǣͬʱԪͬһͷɽͻɱӿ
ֻı죬еΣȫһȭȭ飡
ӵĹУȴҴҲһȭϮĿһûֹͣѪǹĹͻȻڳһֻһȭң
ڹӵͬʱֳң
һĻȫ߶ˣֻоɵΪ񺣳ڵĶţȻţȴڵߣԽһ󾳽绹࣡
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ڣȭͷҵȭͷϣһ
ѪܵĹͷӴƤ̳ȭͷһ⣬ȥĿģȭͷڴҵȭͷ֮ȭصײҵؿϣǧľ뱬ͨ˵Ƿ
һ˲䣬ֻоԼؿڷ·һɽУҽһ嵹ɳȥصǽ֮ϣֱӰ⾭󷨼ӳֵʯײˣ
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⡭ô£ҲǷ˫ޣ㷨˫ޣҲôͰɣ
ڶῡܸϸ룬ΪʱķѪǹѾ̵ӵǰ


1142 ȫ
ӣ侳
ֻǾɡ
䵽ɣһ󾳽绹֮࣬ź蹵ӲţҲҪЩСطǿҪǿ֮ǰһȭҳȷʵޱȾ㵣ȶԣӸ˵ɴ˫ۡ
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ѪǹȻǸոսȴѾƷеĶй֮޲
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ӱϾ侳ǿߣһǿ˲ԼѪ֮ΪµĺڻͬСɣ˵Уͷߵÿһͷ³ͬĶħ棬кжҺȵȣҲʹþͷһֳɾŸ֧ħ֧
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ǹâɫ漤ײ̶и
ǡѵǡ
Ⱥ֮в֪˭һʥԣһʥȫƾָӣκβٿ߷ӹͺñȣһһϣһ˸һϵĲͨôǾͻǳܺսһ㣬Ĭ֮
ҲкŲʹõôܱһʹã
Ĵ߶Ҫ֮ȻҪǿߣܹʩչ侳ǿߣȻǶţ
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
ڻѣƥǹâ֮ǰħֻ赲˼գ۵ʱˣһǹʵʵĴ̽ӵأǰ󶴴

ӷһҽУѪֱ
⡭⡭
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ٿѪǹƷʼߵ
Ҫ֪Щ˵Ȼ󣬵ҲȫܵõֻҪ޵侳ڣ嶼ΪŪһֵƷȻͬ
߶Ҫ֮ƾԪѴ߶֮˵˾һ֮д洢Ԫ֮Ԫ֮ȵȣ
෱ںһ𣬲ܴ߶ֻǸߣոӣ֮
ܼԦѪǹֻһֿܣǾѪǹͨԸʹ
鼫пһԴ飬ҲģԼɳ飡
ĳɳҲƷʵߣʵ壬ֻҪϵںϸϡϾΨĳɳǳ֮ѣ
ԲɳúͶ͵ֵ֪޷Ტۡ
һ󱲵һӵбԴǺεݳޣͨĽʥأǶû
ϵ֮ǰһӳһСŮ龰ףԼԶԶ͹ĳ
Ǯ˴Ե˱ء
һ죬˴ͨӵǾͲǻԵܵõġΪ񵽵ȻǱ˵ģ϶ȲܸܺߣΪҲʹòˣǴţŸΪƣķϲݳ
ʵͿµ츳Ǿ͸СܹӵˣȻһֲĳ


1143 ѹ
뵽ģҲ뵽ˣȫѪңʯУз
ܵĳ˲Сѹ
Ӽѵ֧壬¶һ˿ɬоߵˣСӸͲʲô׵ķ򣬶һƥǣ
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ڣǿԼ̸۸˰ɣ
һӣһâѪǹ㱻˷֮Ψһһѻֻǲȱαʯϣ֣ƽӣһȻ޿ֵӣԼĵϣҲˡ
ʵֺзִ磬ҺӣǶû֣ʵϣֻ֮£Һһ֣ϾԷδ֪óȻɱˣԻǻ
˵ˣĵطȻӰЩܹԶŵ۶ĵطȻв֮Ȼʵã϶ĳӰӣڷ˽ҲˣЩλڻʳǵĵֻǰè֮ȴĳ߲ıӻڵڵΪǳһЩԼ顣
Ȼзִ磬ֺҲöԷ˿ͷʵǵֻҪķһЩҩȬ
ڳῡܣʱЩ㣬ɫ䣬ۿ޿ֵӣԼĵϿʼˡ
֪ǳȻԼĶ֣ҲǿǿߵʵԸȻǲ⡣
ڣ⼸ǿҲڹעû˶֣Ƕڹ˼ɣ˼ܵĴ
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ǰὫɨأЦպĵ̾Уƣ
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Сӣʲôͷ
֪ǱŪȥǶҪΪ۶Цˡ
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ܾôˣǲҳɱҲԵͷ
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ĿڣʮֵǿƣȻںٻϷʱԽǿƣԽױһˣΣա
ֻ֮оѹ֮ǰһֱǿѹ֣ͻȻѹ䣬һѳܡ
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ղŵѹȻĽܷѩͷųģĽܷѩѾڣ壬ȴǻʵİ벽ǿߣڰ벽ǿУǶĴڣ
ǰһֱûлָ¸ղֻǶԼǿͷųѹĽܷѩҲС޷ʱ֣ĸǿսĻ¸ϣҲӮ١ʤ֮ĽܷѩҲΪĹٶ˯Ǿ͵òʧˣ
ο֮УȻֻǿߣһĽܷѩԻҰܣƫƫ£ؼסȫˣ


1144 С
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ֻסˣһֱӰֵָȫˡ
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ῡν׻ᣬǿˣ֮죬ˣǲǱֱ޷ȡ
ĸʥţǴ齨ʥô
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˵仰Ʈȥ½վԭأĸеδȻʣԼȴֻһΪʥؼ̳֮λŬȴϣã競ѡ
˵λĲ֪࣬
ܽôҵõĺô࣬Ҳ˳̳м峤֮λɡ
ţ뵽¾ģһץסλᣬƯƯġ

ʱѾԶŵ۶˽⣬еٶȲ죬ԵüΪݣħռ֮УĽܷѩһֱͷŸ֪ܡ
ƽɫ糣Ժеȴ׼ӦʱܷΣա
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ǵ½׻ᣬ˵̶Ѩ
Уڽ׻ϴ֣ʵȲѡ
Ʋ֣ѡ֣̰ᣬթԽԽݣԼűˣԷͣδزɱ˶Ƶͷ
ϾֳܱӴֻ֧֣һĻͻᱻ϶Ǻ۸£Яо޶ƸôΪǼ˴󱦲صСӵԶŵ۶һֻĸ³֪ܱܿ˳Եͷʣ
ԴЩߣֻǶݣǺ£ѹƵǡ
û׷֮ǰмɸ֪׷һξ룬նջȥˡĽܷѩħռ˵
֪ˡɻķУһ޿ֵӣû٣Ҳûпı䷽ֱɳ˽ǧԶĽܷѩٴȷûκ׷֮Ȼ٣һݳȺɽĹ֮дУθı䷽ͣһƬ˼ԭʼɭ֮С
գ
һղһĻĻǶļ飬гʵĽ֮ͬ˿һ
Ľܷѩ΢΢һЦ˵ݼ
ЦҡͷĽǱ򶨶ˣ֮ǰѹųʱûаĸо˵ĸоһƿڳĶ֣־ܽɱңҲ湦ˡ
˵ţһԼӰѾϼУʱĽܷѩҲһ⣬ϼ硣
ǸСŮ˫ϥҩ԰ԱߣĿǰ澰ʮɫľɽ
ÿһɽǴʯѻɡ
ңöϻɽƸһʯһǧڣ̳еܷʥزƸǧڣѾȫһɾһǧ߰ţÿһڣЩһЩĴǮׯͨõģʱһʯ߸ֵҩ
ڣʮɫɽɶСŮγ˼Ӿ
Զŵ۶ʱ򣬴ʳһʼǵҪоһСŮʣӦȴһŲòļ۸ȥںȴʱСŮûжԣڴڰ״̬
ʵһʼԵʱСŮҲһֻʮʮ飬Ҳʮʮʯɽ
СŮ̲ס촽ͶˣֻûҲֻôš
ʱͻȻĽܷѩСŮһæվ
Ц⣬ǸСŮȻʯΪʳ
Ծͳ԰ɡ˵
СŮ֪Լ֮ǰӱˣЩκ죬ûк˼ֱӿʼǿĽܷѩһۣ¶һ˿ãɫǡڴеǸ㣿
СŮͻȻʵ⵹Ľܷѩһ
˶һۣӶԷп˲˼ɫ
ô֪
СоϵϢǽϢһģһСŮӣ˵
֮ЩĿСŮϷûаΪ֮ǰĽܷѩѹҲܿȴܼסĽܷѩϵ겨ĽܷѩϢȻҲϳ
һ㣬㾫ͨ߶δ
ʲô֣Ľܷѩʵ
ҡҽС㣬СͺˡСŮСشʮࡣ
С㣬֣ܺ㼸⣬ô
ʰɡСĽܷѩûκνġ
š֪ĳĸĸʲôˣһֻʯôô֪ʯ̥ģ
ĽܷѩѯʣСŬ룬ҡҡͷ˵֪СӼ¿ʼԶŵ۶һֱһˣûиĸ
ֻһˣСʱôģŪʯԣСĻˣһ޿СŮԶŵ۶ֱܣοС㲻ѰʳֻʯЩĶȥң
Сԥһ£ջ˵ʵСܿڵµʯԶԶֻܿССʯҲڲֻżڵһЩúǳСС飬ԳԵġ
Сһ˵ĽܷѩסˣȻôı죿


1145 汾
ܿʯЩץ˲֪ʮ⣬ʯڵкЩؾеɽһ֪ã̽飬С£ƾһ㣬ͻˡ
СҡҡͷսСȭͷĹĵ˵ǶǻˣҲŲأҪȻСͲˣ϶ҪȥڿʵСȻܿЩǿˣҲͷġ
Сһ˵ĽܷѩһСȻССȴܴϬţΪϬǶΪ׵ɱһʮһĺӣܹԼܲס
˿֮ǰС˵Լ֪ʯ̥飬ҲǱƲѣԪҪϢֻ˵ķʽˡҲҺСûòʯ̥СҲຣˡ
ǶôģĽܷѩС֮ǰӵη壬̾Ϣ
СһʼҳԵģȴǿѵ׼˯ϢǸŮ˾ûãңңҹҳԵģֻǰЩ죬һúÿµҩӹ󣬾ûˣСʱú£Сģ֮ǰŽס硭
С˵ЩεĿһۣ֮ǰû뵽һô鷳
Щڵˣɥˡ˵ţȴףߵˣЩڵǲص⣬Ϊ伫һʼǸСʯԣŰɲţõļ۸ԲŻϿѵһʮһĺӣôѵûЧŰСȥСǲġ
Щ˴仨ˮأСͻȻ뵽Ľܷѩ֮ǰӣ˷ܵ˵
ĽܷѩЦҡͷǿûô˵ţ̧СգģĴоˮһ㡣
㣬ֺ䡣Сһ£ûж㿪ֻĽܷѩ
Ľܷѩ΢΢һЦôСŮһֱҽ㣬ʵ֣˵Ժҹùúˣһֱģġ
ùáСͷ룬˵ϲн㣬ҽӿҲСٵġ
ءĽܷѩкЦ˵ħ˯ʱʮ죬ƺû֮ǰ״ֻ̬Ϊ֮󣬲Ÿоʱš
վһʱǷ˵Ůഺ䡣Եĵط֮һഺפ
֮ˣǲʱţǿɽı죬ȴѲ˻Ϊˡ
ʱ֧߲ϵѰԵվʵ۷ԭ˿ϲ֮⣬ǾǸഺиƾõˡ
ǼҲ޷ﵽ˵翵࣬ͨﵽ֮ĿǷڣһֱһ⡣
ˣԵ㶫ɣ˰ɡ˵ţϾɽ˼ƷʼѵС㡣
С㿴ЩŨޱȵҧҧ촽СЩùġʯͷıһʯͷõöࡣ
óһ˵ֵʮʯǵɲðôݳ޵ĶṩСԣǧڵ˵ʮֻëëѡ
԰ɡĽܷѩЦкܶأôԲꡣ
СЩ˼ĽӹһҧһСڡ
Сʱһֱעı仯ӲҲ飬οҧˣСҧʱȴܽһҧǺ«һ׾ٵҧһȥ
⡭ĽܷѩһۣţʲôԭС˿ûУһ׵׵ķСŮ
óԣСûԹôóԵĶСһʼΪ˼ССڵĳԣԽԽ죬ԽԽ𣬾ͨСŮڳǹһ㡣
ʣδšĽܷѩҲڸп֮治УĽܷѩҲǲȺ飬ҲûйʵļءʯֶԪ۵ģһ߶ΪĴԪޱȷḻأԶһֻڴ߶󷨣߶齢߶ǿؾ
ֱӳģδš
ֻСĹ򣬺ôһͱС˸ɸɾ
СԼԲĹĵСƤһСĴ˸ãʱһ죬˼ĵͷګګ˵ԡԱˣóԡ
һֱС㣬ɻ֮ɫԭغģƾղҲƾΪ˷ˣɽΪԪôСôྫЩȥĶˣ
һСŮһӵʱĶղų´ǧ֮һﲻ
ղø֪̽С壬ȥ׷ѰСںı仯ȴ֣ƾʧˣͷ·С֮һ޵׶һС
ĽܷѩĽܷѩҡҡͷ˵Ҳ⣬Сʵǲ˼飬ΥغҲЩûʧֻͨһķʽ߸ɴ౻תˡ
Ľܷѩﵽ벽ˮ׼Ҳû̽Сڵ׷ʲô
ˣСʣԺŪ׵ġûж룬СȻô׾Ū׵ģԶŵ۶ĵͷ쳣ˡ
С֮ǰ˵֪ʯ̥λãѰʳʱ򣬡ô
Ҳ˵СҡҡͷǸط֡ҿǸط;áܣ֪Ϊʲôھʹȥ
ã˵һȥڲһ¡
һϼгͻȻһȫǽžžһ죬忪ʼı䣬׳˶òƽһѾȫһˣҲҲӰˡ
ţת֮ǰĽܷѩ̸κɿռĸ似ԼϢҲȫıһһڵǿߣδϳ
һǿߣĻеû¼˶̽һԷǷݣ
ҹĻٵʱϢԶŵ۶ķǰСָʾ£Ѱҵʯ̥ڵλãطȴһ㵣ôôܻ


1146 ֮
˵ʯ̥صλãȷŵС㣬Сͷģҿܶˡ
ǡָǰƯеΡУǷԶŵ۶
ԭΪʯ̥ӦòƫԶɽֻ˼ĹȣС˵Զŵ۶νġҲӦǧǣˣôõʱŲᱻ˷֣û뵽С˵λãȻԶŵ۶
˵ʯ̥Զŵ۶Ȼ
ĵ¡СС˵ģ϶˵
¡⡭Ǿ޷ţԶŵ۶ĵѲʯأѵǵʱôܶûܷ֣ʵе㲻˼ˡ
Ҳò˼飬Сô˵ȻƭģȥɣԶŵ۶·ûʯ̥ҲȻЩεģֻǲ֪оסǿǣ׶ԵµǷ
áѡ˾Զŵ۶һɽ꣬˵£طбԶŵ۶·ʲô˵ע⡣
һߣϵߣڵвף´ĵڿзĳǧ򱶣ٶȣȵӶѸ
侳ǿߣһǧȣҲ֧Ųסģһֱӱ޴ѹѹҪٳҲ÷Ѿţ֮
Ȼϵ򣬲һĺɿռ䣬ʯ֮ȻҲҪɷֽ⣬ɿռصʱʯɿռ֮ͱȻֽˣһ·ͨȥ
֮ѪԪ񵽼£һڴУ
Уߵʼη˱仯ܶںؾеʯܸ֪һʥҲܿ͸ЩҲ㡣
룬Űﴦ¶ѾǳˣѹҲÿֲֻʮֶӣÿʱÿ̶ҪĴ
ʯԽԽʵˡ
һһһǾͷǳֲˣһƬھ޴ѹ±ԽԽӲڰڻĽÿǰһҪ֮ǰ
ţʯ칬ʯͷȻƽ𣬼Ӳޱȣڱҽ߼ʮ¶ȵĻУҲ
üͷѾһǧˣʲôоٶҲһ룬һǧ൱ڷʮ죬ˣɲǵ룬ǵ
С㣬һСŮôܿôµľ
С˵Ļȴûκλɣδһֱ
ǧ
ڴʯʯ㴩һǧһǧ룬ԪļǺɿռ䣬ֽʯҲһǧģ൱֮ǰһǧ屶
ʮö֮Ѫ˾Ŵ٣ǿò󣬿ڵ´ôãҲ˴ط治һġ
̷һЩҩó˼ٶǰ¶Ǵʯ¶ҽٱ¶ȣͬڻǵʮ˲ˡ
ֻҪǴ壬½ԽԽȣҲҿͨϵЩ˵ʲôҪ粽ˡ
ǧȣʯʼˣһʼɴڻҽ
ʯǽ񣬲κʣڻɵҽҲǰɫͬţһ㴼
Ȼ⿴ȥӨҺ壬ʵޱȣʥ涼ڻ
ȣѹ޷Ĵȫȵ̰ɫҺ壬ʵ˵Һ壬ȴھ޴ѹ±ޱܶҪЩԶˮҽƶҲ
ĻһһǧʯҲ㣬ƯһƬɫҽ֮ϣû뵽Զŵ۶·龰
Ľܷѩʯҽһܸ֪ҵĸ֪̽鷶Χʮɣ֮ͻᱻҽɵĽǿˣҲ̽鲻ʮɵľ룬ҾҲ͸ʯҽֱϹһ
ϹС㲻ϵָѰֱǸЦʯ̥Ҳһ˸ߵʯͷѣôһʯͷޱ޼ʣ׵ҽУֲ۾ø֪ңƾȥһ죬
ǰߡ
ʶһֱϵϼУʱСͨҲ֪С۾ôģʯ˵Ǻҹ֮еĵһҪ֪ҲҪ۾ֻҪıܸӦ׼κ߶߱
ûж룬Сָķǰ
Сָķ֣ƺһֱߣߣǰһֻ÷·𴩹ʲôΧĻͻȻˣ¶Ȼ࣬ʯҽҲʧˣٴ˵ųڸղŴԽʱա
šղǡͷ󣿡
ǿռڵ㡣ĽܷѩͻȻ˵ռڵͷ࣬ǹͨͬռڣΨһͬǣͷΪģҪʯתռڵȻγɵģҪܳ־õĴڡ
ռڵ㣬ֲøղҸоǰ·ЩŤˣԭпռڵ㡣һû뵽Զŵ۶ĵһռڵ㣬ռڵ㱾ͺСǧĵǧʲôһͨһҲһֱǧ൱ĵ룡
ȣټޱߵ֪ЧӾãңռڵΧĿռ䷨ŤռڵŤʱ֮У΢ע⣬ͻСӦҪҵ췽ҹ̷
˵ˣ˭еû£ķѴǧأԶŵ۶ܣҲ֪ǵĳ·ôһССĿռڵ㡣
ŵ˵ڳȥһΣƾߵļγɫҪڸ֪õҽռڵ㣬Ǽܵ顣
ﵽʲôطоɲԶŵ۶·صĿռڵ㣬ɺϣʲôܣ
ŨԪȻԴҡţĿռ䷨ҲŤҲȻŤƺɵģ
Ľܷѩڿռ䷨ʱ䷨ϵ費֪˦پ룬һ۱㿴пռɵ
ռ󷨣ܲΪٵİɣһɷͬСɣ󷨣Ȼ֤Ϊõģ
룬ĽܷѩͻȻ˵֪ˡ
ĽܷѩĻŽ֪̽ȥȻǱѹһЩܿ巽ԲʮﷶΧ龰һ̽飬Ŀɿڴ


1147 
⡭ǡûɣ
ø֪̽ⷽԲʮﷶΧľ󣬼ģ
ôԣⲻһ޴ޱȵĴ
һʯ֮ǰںؾɽҵʯѾǶˣʯҲֻǵǶɽʯ֮УҪھҪϵɸѡ޳ʯʡ
õֻʯѡ
ʯмϡеĽᾧɽеĽʯһ֮١
֮ǰںؾУϰɽоüҹͣŬҲɳ˼ʮʯܳһСɽ
ڿľɽʵ΢ˡ
ϣȻôȻģΪ͵ģ
е޷ţǶһʲƸֱ޷㡣
Ȼģ޷ǺεȷȻ֮޴
Ϊ͵ģ벻˭ôֱʣҪ𣬲ɣΪҪôһڵصĿռ䣬ⲻ˷ô
ѲĳλµĲƸȴԵھĻôһϲʥضɣ
ԼܵõĻôպԴʹãʯҲ򲻵Ķ֮ǡʲôģģȫӻ
ĴУ̳Ҳô򵥵ģ˼ţʱĽܷѩͻȻ˵һ֡
Ľܷѩĸ֪ǿöֻ࣬ܿԲʮﷶΧĽܷѩܿԲɿ޴ȫ
֣
һʶϵĽܷѩϣĽܷѩӽǣصĿռ䣬Ҳڿľ
޴һ֣ÿһʻɽôأĴڣ·ָ֡
ɢһɲçۻƣƺѾƬ³˯£
֣ʶ
ǡе֣ڽ׻򵽵ĹǼ򣬹Ǽϵ֣֮Ӧͬһϵ
ȷʵǹ֣ҲϵáĽܷѩ˵Ϊ˳׶׫дˡԵ䡷ĹרоԹобȽ϶һˡ
ʲô֣һʵ
ǡ⣡
⣿һٿ֣·оķһ磬޷⣡
ӡ󷨣죡ʲôҪôһɵӡӡ󷨵ˣǺεΪ
оȫĵ𺳣Ȼɽһһ֣ʩչֶεˣǼпˣ
ӡĶҲ𼶵ĳڣҲްɣ
⡭Ľ֪ӡ󵽵״˶ôʲô˲µģԶŵ۶ѵǿߵĴս
һʵ
Ľܷѩҡҡͷ˵޷ˣҲǼ꣬ʮǰܸãܴ½ħӲ֪˶ˡ֣û´Ļһ䡪󷨡дɵġ
һ䣬ĽܷѩҲֻ˵ΣĽܷѩûʶֻǿ˵伮ϵһЩоǰ޴ġ⡱ơ
䣡
һڿˮΪֹ˵Ҳһ֮
ѧֻһħ⣬һа֮ǰֻ֮һߵǷҲҿ϶
Ҳû취飬һֻй±ʱ䣬ҪӶս𣬲ȱĿ̫ˡ
ÿһ䣬ޱȡսƵĸףҲֻһƬֻƬѣȱ䶼㲻ϡ
ֻƬвһЩʽˡ
õķ󷨣꣬ʮʱķӡⱻѹĴѵܻôµӡ𶼻˰ɣ
ǰľ޴ɽоɲǱѹĴڵԿ϶ǣ²ôˣĲã¾˼ʱ䣬ҲԺ
С˵ʯ̥ѲɾɽģһֱϼеС㣬ʵ
ǵġ
⡭в֪ÿ޻ǸЦʵ֮ǰһֱСԼʯ̥ɾΣʯΪʳܸоʯסλãһжԽͨˣĻ鷳ˣϾСȥҩ
ڣ֪С㲻ʯ̥һʯ̥λãȴз࣬ӡеʯ̥ȡóô
ʵСô֪ôٸǧľ룬ſռڵ㣬ɽ̫ˣܿǲ⣬ǡɽʯ̥ôСҲܿ
ԽͣССԴ˵ǡǰΪкܶడ
Сһ˵һ£ĽܷѩС˵ûȷʵкܶ࡭
ĽܷѩĻ˵֪꣬ͶӰͨ괫ݵԺУҲɽеľһֱӳͣþòܺϡ
֪뵽ɽڲԿз·һ磬Ҳ֪Ļûʵӡ˺ɭ֡ԭΰ칬ȵྰֶΣֱδš
ɭ֮УǻûһЩ飡
ˣҲ״ģ·ûȫ
⡭һ죬ǿ۽ˣоֵħʱĸопһо󣬶߸֪
飬˵УϵĲľ飬һʯͷɺϺƾõʱ䣬ͨ飬ɾ
ǰЩȻģ
Ľܷѩʯ̥ҪӴΪ´췣ϴؾǧʱ䣬ܳΣһһʯ̥Ѿټô࣬׼ȷ˵Ѿˣһ磡
µľɽƷʺӴ֪̿־ļĴڣʮ꣬Ǽʮĳʱ䣬ؾֻһʯ̥
Ľܷѩģȫһ磡
飬ɽľ澰
Ľܷѩһ˵Уγԭǵ棬ʼһ޳ȵģγɽ󣬽ͨ飬γɸǰɽС磬γɶ֮ͬ
˵Щ֮·ߵµĴܣĿٳǧ磬Ҳ˰ɣû뵽ԭֻʯ̥ȴҵһʯ硣


1148 
ռķ֣о𺳣̺̫ˣǰصż֪춯صһսµġ
𼶱ʩչ˾ֱʲµķӡ󷨣ԭʲô
С㣬ܸоСҵҲûô򵥣ңܵĵطΪλԶŵ۶·أ
Ǹ·ӡѵԶŵ۶ʲôϵܣԶŵ۶ɴģѹۣ
Ժһ˲뵽ණСǵһηطǶЩӡҵģ
һ⣬ĽܷѩһԪܲڻСżʲôϵɣ
֪ҲһʡҲͻ뷨ЩĵϾżѾ˲֪ʱ䣬ûʲôܻôãǳ˯ҲãͶ̥תҲãܿԽңԶ¡
СԴһãӣȻʲô
ûˣˡҡҡͷдУЩʯﱻӡĵط
ѾѰҵһصĺǳʯ̥δΣһֻԳ
ȻΰŪߣȴһ⡣
ֱӵķȻǴӡ̥ȡ֪֮һµķӡ󷨣Լƽģ
֣ɽϣǷӡɽе̥ߵľ룬Ǿߣȴ˲Խǵ
ɿռ䣡
һһɫĵſɿռ䣬ֽһʺͷҪԺɿռɽܷʲôȻܿʧˡ
ɽΧ·һɿһ͸
ϣͷ·ݺһ㣬һ㷴ӦûС
Ҫƿӡǲܵģ˵㣬ҹùҲΪģǿ߲µ󷨣Գһ磬¾ʱ䣬Ҳһƽ˵ġ
Ľܷѩ֮дγ֪ܾܲôʲôȻֶɣ
ʱͻȻ뵽ʲô˵Сһæ
ţõģ硣СԺ
Ԫһ磬ĸº͸ѹϼһĨһ͵Сǰ
ƺΪһЩСѾָ˻С˵ģһƻһ㡣
ôʯͷСԭĻҪأ
Сǰ޴ɽһ˫Ĵ۾תţָͫоһʳСŮһɽһӴľ͵һ
֮ǰСȻ龰Ͼû侳ֱɽô
СԿܲܰҧҧһ
˵⻰ʱ¶Ź֮ɫԼûĵŪӡһ޸֮СŮƣһҧʵ쿪
С̫ˣղϼռʱۿСǹһġĿġĳӲȣȷ˽ʯҪ
ӡҲСҲôһϣҧÿҲ˵Сϣ޷취Ĺȴá
Ľܷѩû˵ƻĵδزܣԭСҵѾһ˼ˡ
ҧѽС㿴ǰ޴ޱȵɽС촽۷Ź⣬ƺֶˡ
ţСĵ㣬оͱǿĸ֪ҲʱϵСϣһʲôⷢѸٵİСջϼ䡣
ССƤһֻԲСèһɽϣһҧȥ
ģ
һ죬Сҧĵطԭṹı仯һȻôĽܷѩע£ܽˡ
Ӳ
СﺬŶ˵ƺ˼֣ҧһ鶳Ӳ˵ͷһѵİһҧ
⡭⡭һĽܷѩһۣӱ˴˵۾пľ֮ɫ
⺢ӡҲ̫뺷˰ɣ
ҲԭֻǲϣһԣȻܳɡ֪겼·֪Լ󷨣һСŮʳԣʲô뷨
ӲۡСԼԲĹĵСӣһţһ߿ڳݲ˵ǿأûܳȥ
ĽܷѩСӣЦˣ˵ʯ壬СƺֽܷȻٽյǲ˼飬ģ󷨵ܳԵ
̫ʱ𣬵󷨵ʱȻҲеˣֻǻûܳСطԲŻᷢĽҪָС޴ķӡ꣬ȴǲܵˣһʱ䶼
ʵ˵Ե޴ķӡҧһϱڣȡʯ̥С˵һƴĹ̡
Ľܷѩ˼ʱͻȻź¡¡ܵʯϵĹһֱӰСսϼ֮Уȫעľܡ
ǡ
סܵ쳣Ӵ·ĳ˯ŵ̫žһ㡣
ĽܷѩҲǾɲ֮ǰרø֪ϸ̽磬ûзŵ壬ܲڱСҧһСڣ޴ķӡͱƻ˰ɡ
ʱһۻϣ̺űɱʲôˣ˱ĳ˯
˯
һɷͬСɣʱĵ磬ȻлŵĴڣ
ó˯˶ãжƳ
ңӶԷ˵ʱѹʵ¶˼Ϊֲľ磬㲻ҲʵĴڣĶܹġ
ĽܷѩҲд󾪣֪һΣ֪˶ԷĴڣһɽ֮Уޱǿꡣ
Ȼǡһ壡
ꣿɣ
ĽܷѩһӶԷϢУܵɱ𼶵Ϲֻ꣬׾ٵɱǣ޷Ŀܣ
ҵĳ˯ǵɡǹϵ䡢Įû˿飬ͬνʣΪۻǰϽƽȣûκ
ǰһ£ܵɱ⣬ȫëǿ̫ԩˣ˯ĹϴҲ֪ʲôˣƢ⣬Ϊ˳˯ֱӳɱˡ
ȫԪת£Ѫǹģа֮ȫҲ˿ֻһ˲䣬óȫµȻԴУֻƴһ


1149 ֲ
ˣĽܷѩٵԺ𣬴ʱǿֲ֮Ĳ࣬ө֮Ҳݣ
ɲǣȻӳѪǹüĴŷ֮Ѫȼգҫ۽â
ае׻֮ޱĹעѪǹϣֲ֮Ļֱǹȥ
֮壬֮ע뵽֮УѾó˰ٷ֮һٶʵ
Ҫһιߡ
ϾǹܾܿǱǷѹĴڣĻޱǿ󣬵ҲҪܵӡ󷨵ԼԼûߣ
ţ
ǹϵ꿴ĳɫһƺЩ֮ɫҲֻѣʱ׻֯ǹâѾֱΪ⣬һֻһ죬սǵصķ
޷ƥеĸоռ䣬׻־ͶӰˣͷ·־ͶӰγһĺڶһС
ʧˣ
һ˲ֽű׻ĺɿռ䶼·Ҫ־ͶӰɽȥ
Ѿȫķ֮Էʣ壬ƾսܴﵽս
似ܲһɣ似ļ൱ߣϵͻȻ껰ָȻǻԪĺɿռ䡣
ȻʶǷȴҲϵúɿռ䣬ȻΪ似αװ˺ɿռԭ򣬶ΪԪҲǼǧ꣬Ҳ˵Ԫʱ˯ˣͲ֪ԪĴڣҲʶɿռ䡣
ǿ似ϧ㷢ӲʵǱ𣡡
Цţ־ͶӰռȫԿս鴥ͬһ㣬˷ԲķΧͬϵ棬ѣ
ȻһѵǱӡѹĴڣôܻʩչͨ
ֻߣӡѾɶˣʩչ
£շѪǹ˿һشΣ򶨣ϣû
ѾߺĿɳˮ
ôɳѾ֪ٴֱһΣյģȴǿģ
ɱңҲܵõҵĹ似ûй򣡡
˵ڼɸƣҪѧ䣬ǵõ򣬻㣬а취Էתɾļ䣬˿ԼܵԷӡӰ졣
ǵǿϧˣ㻹Ҫ
̺ŵɱ⣬־ͶӰȻƬռ䣬ûиѵĿܡ
ǰܷĳһɱҵɣĳ㲢ð֮⣬ֻΪĳ˯ɱˣЩƾµϹԸŹƫִΪõ˵ǣѭ棬һοⱻӡĴڣԭͿɱԵħͷǱһ˿ϣϣܱԼʤãս
Σʩչ󷨣꾭ܵסŵÿһѣԪΪ˲˴ţרŽһεĵطΪû뵽㾹ȻҽˣǷȥ㽫˯Ϣɢȥع޴ޱȵɽô»֪ΪǵǿߣЩΪνǰѰȻ£պްԣ
ǹ˵䣬ֻءĹ֮ڵĿռҵʯ䣬ǰͬɽһӴʼھʯ渡ֳһƬʵĹӰγһž޴
ʮɸߣӳɫޱ飬Ŀ㣬ͬ鸩硣
Ȼǹı壡
һ꣬ͷ·Բһ㣬
ˣ㷢ʲôй¶ܵҲǺЦˣһսѾɱ⣡
ʱԺͻȻĽܷѩԪµҲֻһսٴ˳˯ԺҪԼˡ
Ľһ
ԣ˯㻹пٴλңպǿΪǵһŬ׷ˣ
Ľܷѩ˵꿪ʼ͸ľ֮УǶ壬Ҫݵںϣһ֧壬ܷӳǿսϾڶɹ֮󣬱սҲСˡ
ʱֻݣһ죬ĿĹâӹüģһƥ
ս죬ĳֵһɲǣпռ䣡
ͫ޷ƥеһ̣Ľܷѩȫ֮ע뵽ħ֮У
Ѱɣħҽ
Ľܷѩ仰֮ʼȼա
֮УܹԿΨħ
ħΪϵĴҲ壬ΪˣĽܷѩһãϣսʤԷ
ڵԴ߶ħħ˵Ҳֻһ걦
ֻܷܹ
֮ǰ漣սƵʱϹħͷ궼ľ֮УҪȫħıſֻԷشɱ㣬ֳֻСһ־ħҲشԷɵһС꣬𵽳ʤЧ
ҪսʤԶֻ꣬߶ħĽܷѩڵ״̬ҪʮֳصĴֻۣһΣ
ء
˯֮еħҵתγ˻ɫ籩籩֮ң·һһеĺڶһ㡣
꣡
һ̶죬귢־֮صնħγɵĺڶ֮ϣֱţ뺣ûаӰˣ
ǹ꿴һĻͻȻɫһ䣬Ϣѵǡôᡭ
ħɵ꣬û㣬ǹ겢ûˣȻɵһ˵ֻ΢
۾ϸ֪һֱɵȥշ֣ǲѾȫıʧȥϵӡĨȥˣָоǱ˺ڶʱա
ǼϾȻǼͻȻüԭĮû˿в䡣
Ȼһ𣬺ʣϴ˵ĶȻħˣ
ħ
һμܷʥˣ֪ħ
жʱʮ־裬Է֪ħȻ֪ħļֵпȫᣡ
ڻ׼ȫһʱǹͻȻ˵ְͣɣ֣˻̫󣬷ʵԼҪΪƷˣ


1150 ش
ȫתʹȻǲܵģȴҪȼĽܷѩ֮ȻҲóȻһҿ϶Ľܷѩڶ˯󣬻᲻Եˣ˵ʱ»Ľܷѩ֮Ѫˡ
񾭱СĽ䱸ţԤǹ귢͵Ϯ
ٺ٣ƺű𣬱˵֣ͣǲٶ֣Ϊڱ˷£ƾǵ㶯ǼɱôЦ˵
һ۱㿴ĽܷѩĴڣҲ֮е飬ԭĽܷѩħռ֮УȻĽܷѩͷų𹥻ҪĽܷѩǿö࣬Ȼ
ĽܷѩҲֻܷһԶ˷£һ˶ԷҪɱȷʵѣֹϵĴڣ֪жֶΣôױɱͲܴôˡ
΢΢ʱж˾֮ħϵħֻҪתʱĽܷѩ
ȻħֹͣתʱĽܷѩ껹һ𣬿ʱ߶ħ
ôõǼģǹͻȻʵ
ĬţûлشǹϵٺһЦƺΪ⣬⣬ʵҲҪ˵ܵõһ컯û뵽û뵽ʮ˰ɣٻҪˡ
ţһλеֻƬȴȻһʮ꣡
ѵʮ꣡
ʮʲôһݻʷҲѣʮ㹻һźǵ
Լԭʱ仹Ҫ𶼲ܻôã
˵ʮ꣬һ꣬ûܻڡƺһԼԪطһ꣬ΪһԪû˵ܹһԪȻһ̶֧ط򣬵ҲÿһطǶ֧䣬ĳЩǰһҪͷ
ͱŵ
ٺ٣ƺܳԾҲ޷ܻôãΪͲˣǡ飡
һ˵һ飡
죡һǿ̶ֳȣʲô飿
ҲȴѪһ꣬˵ŷĵ飬ҲƵĴڣǵҪࡢ޳ö࣬һ˯ʮҲΪ档ǵ˵ǵʯһƳ
ˣ֮꣬֡ǰĻʩչһֱΪ󷨡طȻ֪ʲôҲͨ˯ӳֶˡ
뵽ǰϵĴڣǴʮϹЩȲʵĸо
١˵Ĵʲôʵ
ش٣磬ûʲôܹڣûʲôֵܹסŵܣ޲ܣ鲻ܣⷽأǧ磬Ҳܣ磬ܻѣ̫󣬿ܻ涼٣ʲôҲ޷Ԥ֪
ĻȻһ𣬡٣
ζţǧǧ磬ǧ򣬰е飬ȫ
ķ籩֮Уһɣ
ǽǲ֪꣬Żᷢ飬һνѣ𡣡
˼ʮǰҲһνѣио˵ĶӦģѵԤʾŴٵħһ֮
ǳѣط䣬Ӵˣ巨ãԪϵҲǴʱʼ١
⡭лȻһֱ˵عˣ˫УȴӲ֪Ϊعı䣬ĽܷѩҲ޷شֱŵ֪ԭ
ط򶼸ıĽѣǺεȿֲ
ٺ٣ҿҲǷ˫ޣǺõʶңʵԵ㣬䣬ڷ˫߳һ·δôһ˿ãĿܣΪ𣡡
꿪ۣѾǶߵˡԹŵ̶ֳȣ˵Լسһ˿ãϣѾǾ˽ܣ
˵ʱͻȻһЦζ˵ٺ٣ϵСѾͷڷأҲ㱾˵ٶܴ
ͻȻüһɫĺâֱüĶ
һʶҪʶһâƺ޵⣬һ͵
ûܣâ壬һĸоȫ·ȫë׶
һȴ֪һâʵǸƽĽܷѩеİˡ
ղĽܷѩȼ߶ħȻǿһûз˴ԭ˵˰ˡ
귢ԲĽܷѩˣǰ˲ڷ
ݣ
Ľܷѩ룬ûнͶӰľ֮Уһ£԰ףղŶݵĴ߶ħĽܷѩļ
ˡĽܷѩҲû뵽龹ȻΪԼˡ
ħ֮ǰͷħ֮˾޴̬ת䣬Ľܷѩ֣ɲΪʲô֮һУȻħԭ
΢΢ڵллǰְҵѣǰѵħʲôԨԴѲɡ˵ͻȻһһĪͷѲǰħͬ౦Уĳһ飿
ħͬ౦ϵ꣬᲻һ飿
ħٺ٣ƵҲˡ˵ţ񲻹֪ħ֪ȤҲǵκһ顣
ҡҡͷƺû飬Уǹƾ߶ﱾѾ󣡡
ǷƵı鱦ӡҵı壬ʵѾˣǰɽ
һ˵һ㵣ԭɽʵһ鱦ӡ
⡭֪˵ʲô֮ǰСҧһڣҧһ鱦ǣҧһС飬̫˰ɣ
鱦ȻǸһȼĴڣֶ֮⣬һ̶֧طΪĴڣһᾭ٣
СȻ鱦ҧһڣ
·֪ʲôЦСŮҧɽֻҵĻû壬ҵıġĲӡѹۣСŮȻЩر𣬵ȴûгɳõĴУ΢һѾǼˣҪƻƻ鱦ǲܵġ
˵ţȴͻȻһ뷨£Լı鱦ˣ󣬵ҪӡʲôȻһʮ꣡


1151 ʯ̥
ԥһ£ȥѯӡ֮ѹʲôЩͻ£ӡӦòԸй¶ȥġ
룬ֻʵǰ֪ΪħͲɱˣ
к֣Էʮ˽ħļֵȴûгħ˼Щϳ
ѯʣǹЦЩζÿһˣÿһƷʱҺͷʱѾȥʮǰʱǵģڵңѾȥʲôҵĵѾͻˣ֮ԻʩչֻΪػŷѣ
ٵʱȥҪʱȥ⣬ȻΪǣҪػҿ³ҲֻһҪǰˣ㣬ôһϣΪʱǵˣȻܷȴǸδ֪
˵ⷬ˵˵ħ
õħˣδܳħˣ꣬ĽܷѩүүǴĽܷѩǾţǶõħȴδܳΪʱǣˡ
䣬ô˼̳ˣֱһʱǣ
ʱ䣬ħƽÿһ껻һˣҲܻһˣУһǾ˽ܡ
ǰʮһֱػ⡭󣿡
ǺѹʲôɣȰ㻹ģԶʮǰشйأ֪㲢޺ôΪֻ
ԶĻһݣʮʱ䣬ʲôѪѹûҷ˰ɣ
ǶԷҲһһҪʦڵѹôѵǡ
Ȼ뵽ħеħϿǵĻпܱѹ
룬ҡҡͷԶҲ˵ˣƺû飬ûĶҲӦûʶڷӡѹҡĻӡδѹס
ûټȥˣԼгһճɳ㹻ǿʱѹĶȻ֪ܡҪԣ
ڣӡ˵Լ΢ʵ֪ܣֻֻ
ǰһ⣬С㣬ҲСŮʲôܣ
Ĭһ˵ҲֻһЩ²ѣ˯̫ˣ緢飬ҲƲǱĪ⣬Ҳƿ˵Ĺ켣չδһƬãĵʵʱܻ֪ġ
˵һɲζ΢΢ĬҲ޷ƿصˣ˵ˣʵˡԵȵһеĽ壬Ƕ֮һֵ翣޷⡣
С㣬ϵǸֻʣСѾͷʾ֮ǳСŮҲͬˣҳ˯ĿռУҪƿһǣΪȡʲôɣ
Ϊʯֱ̥˵
ʯ̥ôð죬зӡ࣬ʹ͸һ֮·ҪԼߣ͵һʱ䣬㾿ǻҷ𣬻ǳɾľ
ЦţһɫĹϯֻоռȻŤţת˲˿ռڵ֮⣬ʱߣһһ˸ߵţ棬ӡһɫʯ˵ʯȴһھӨ飬ϵëֺ֣
ʯ̥
һӣֱӰʯ̥ϼС
Ľܷѩһϼ䣬ǰʯһʯ̥˴ֱʣԾ޴ɽΪӡ壬󷨲ϵĻһʮ꣬ʯ̥γˣһǼƷеļƷ
ĽܷѩпţͬʱҲĸеԼʵĲ࣬Ľܷѩ۷ʱҲǰ벽ѡ
ȷʵˣ꣬˵ǶԿǳشٵǡֱڣǷжѹشйصĶȴ֪ʲô
ʯֵ̥ĺ˳Ƴϣǽ뻹û׼ãڻԶŵ۶Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ͣһʱ䣬ҽʯ̥ľѳɣӾɵ񺣣ѾûκƿˣֻҪ㹻Ԫֲӵȷɡ
ã
ɵʱ˴طƬһֱûʱȷʵҪʱЩ
˵ǧȣ￪ʼ˱չأػȻʮ˲ǰÿһ㶼̺ͬķ򣬵ϵ⾳൱Ĵٽá
Ľܷѩʯ̥ȫ֮󣬽ӵ½׻򵽵ĹǼ˳ǼݡһϹʱĹǼأܿвСļֵ
СЩ죬⣬Ͼǳ˯˯˳ԡ
ʯ̥ĽܷѩʣµƤҲСĳԵˡ
ЩƤͨƷԸһΡ
һʯе֮ԪͬʱҲڻͷﵽһƽ⣬
ȴͬǱԼֻɢЩƤʮۣԶЩɽпɳʯܹġֲ𣬾ͬոľƣѲǧ
СЩƤ֮СƮĨϼ˾һ㣬·߲ˣǿڵϻ˼Ȧͨһ˵ϣֱ˯˹ȥ
Щ죬СѾ˼ֵǧ⻹ޱĹƤԽԽ󣬷·һˮͬһ͸˵ĺһ㡣
Сһ˯ҹ֮Ȼֶˡ
Ľܷѩø֪̽һС壬ûԪ۵󣬵ȴƺЩͬ
ֽûĽܷѩʧСʼȻӡ˵ǼΪ⣬Ȼֻĳ¼ǧʯܽѪѵġ
֮СԽԽܳˣȴûʲô仯ȥĴԪҲ֪ȥˡ
ʱȥ˴꣬һգչشеͻȻһȻ˫ۣڵӱøСΧһƬռ䶼ҵŤ·Ҫһ㣬ı־ˡ
Ѿֻһ֮ңˣֻҪԸ⣬ʱͻƣȻѵͻƷʽǽ㣬ȻͻƽϺá
ĽʱˣǻԶŵ۶ɡ


1152 ʥ丮
ƯеԶŵ۶ͬһͷ޴ޱȵĹޣڱ˷Բ⣬½˾޴Ӱӡ
ÿʱỵ̈ɫɫ齢Զŵ۶ΧţЩ齢СͬѰƥͬСɽһ㣬ԶԶȥɻȣ޾
Զŵ۶УٿµߣżһЩҲĪδɳῡܣЩߣ֧ǰĽǷѡ
ڶԶŵ۶Ȱ˸ǰˡ°ͣһԶŵ۶͸оߵῡʵ̫һ㣬һεῡܸ࣬ϼʮˣĸǲʮˡ
еһǣȼһ뽭ԼõĴӡǡ
ֻʮϢ֮յ˻Ѿ߸ˡ
Դһν׻ᣬչ¶ʥŵʵ֮󣬽һҪϹϵȻľá
ֻ֣СʱһµĽҰУϴ˷ܵЦݣҲҪĲϣĳѾ׼ˣ
ллˡ˹֣ƳĲϲңвƫŵĶļԶŵ۶Ҳ㷺нİæԼʡ̫ʱ䡣
۸棬һʵϸһЩýֳԿ
һæﻰĳֻһЩ΢飬ο۸ҽҲ׬һˡ
˵ʯ΢ˡ
ˣ֣Զŵ۶ţôԶŵ۶ʲô·ô
һʣ¶˷֮ɫ˵ЩŶǸμʥģʥһƣƷޱȷ񣬲ϧڴѾ˴룬ִˣ
˵ϧҡҡͷѾʼ̭ˣּǰĻμӣһܹʣùھ
ŶʥüһﵹôʥʲôϧʥֻԶŵ۶еսһٴҲ޵ģҲûʲô
ǰ粻֪ΪʲôһԶŵ۶еľʥΪٰ췽Զŵ۶ĵڶʥ丮
Զŵ۶ʥؼһʥأʥأҲĵһʥأڶʥرʥ丮ˡ
ʥҲֻһֲԶŵ۶ȫλԶŵ۶ˣҲ㹻ˣӵʥؼĳУˡ
ʱ仹磬һΪֱϣֲһͬǰʥĻ᳡ЩŵıȶΣʥѾٺڣĶԶŵ۶ĶţʥţսǷ
һ˵м⶯ΪֹΨһʶĽʥҲϹ壬ϹѾûнˣԾʥŵձʵΣ
ãȥɡ
潭һ·ʥսȥԽԽս·ῡԽԽ࣬Щ˵Уżܿ׵ˡ
ЩߣǴĸط֪˶ϹģָԶŵ۶һսõͽ
ʥĽƷʲôʵ
һʣ˷˵Ʒǳ񣡵һһöű䵤Ʒҩ񺣺ǿڳʱ򣬷չԼ磬侳ڵʱĴСҪҪ侳ڵߣ
ƷҪ񺣳侳ʹã°ͣⶫԼ˵Ҫþòõϡ
šһŲŻμӣΪΪ˻۵̣ѹԼΪֱһƾɣһˣһϾ죬Ǭָ䣡ɹ˾죬ܴܳķϴ񣡡
ȥɣű䣬ʮ˸УҪľǾˣһˮ룬ھ֮󣬲ԣǿĸǿĸڵ˵
ͷȷʵһŽȡʲôɾͣų̶ȵΣڿ׼ȷɵĸûãǺԵȥָɾʥ
˵䣬Ѿһռĺΰǰ轭ܣ֪ʥսΧѾ˺ѹѹĺӲͬĳڽЩ˴ǹڡ
׳ֻۣ̾һеʹﵽ˹ģ
ȻԶŵ۶ĳ֮һʥ丮ҲǻʵĽʥǾеˮƽʥؾеĴˣ̾ЩԵ֮ɫ
Ե֮ɫո¶㽩ϣʱڽǰӭһ꣬һһŮӣϷʵЦݿ
һһһ֣ȽҪǿ
ûעֻǿЦⲻװĵܵôô㲻Ѿڴ̭ˣʲôұôٺЦţڽȴޱȴ̶
ɫһĿȻǰǽĸ磬ڷ֮Уֵܻ㣬໥֣ڴ壬ͬĸֵ֮䣬Ϊ̳֮λУ˴˵ĹϵͬˮԼ䳰ȷҲ顣
ٺ٣𣬷Ŵ㣬Ȱ㲻ҪʵƿصңʥҲǼΨһһսʤˣԲμܾһսǽʥصţֻսʤһ֣ڼеĵλ죡


1153 ǧʢ
磿
ȥʵ
¶֮ɫּЦˣȷʵҸ磬˼꣬ʵȻҲǿ
š֮ǰ˵ǽֻһܲμܾ
ǰЦҡҡͷܾܹѡ˶ˣйʥ丮ˣռ˰ʮʣµһٶʮȻңοʥأҲӲμˣռȥʮ
ⳡʥȻʥ丮ٰģôƷȻҲʥ丮ģмֵЩͷҲᱻʥ丮ԼĵӵõǺˣʥأҲһЩʵǿĵմ֣ɶʥ丮
һЩʯͽһ֪ⳡƺƴ󣬵᳡֮лǳһ᳡֮оȻһǧ磬ݺ˰
˰ọ̈̄Ǹò˶ãһϣǾͿֲˣ
ʱ᳡֮УߴɵĿ̨ĹڣʮԶĹѾϴСԶѾ˺ѹѹһƬɿ̨һխխĴˣ
̨뱻ֳϰٸÿһڽűըĳŷ󷨣ҫ۵Ĺâ˷𣬾޴ը죬ͬΧڵźֱ
һֱ˰ĳ᳡ɸߵĿ̨һ˶
֮Уһ޴ţһս̣뵱ͨпļ¼ս۴սսƣӾܣӰģطĲ
ʱ֮ϣͶӰϰٸ֮һսվ룬֣
ǵӰս˳ǧ򱶣ɵߣڰ˰Уͬһ㣬õķˣŰҲܿȻڳĹڸûзˣһǿþ͸ˣ·ǰһ㣡
ƣ
̾Ǿٰƻֺ꣬һڹڵһٳͬʱУصıͶӰ֮Уÿһ߶ɿΪۣ
һԶŵ۶ٰĴܴﵽƣԶԶ½ܱȵģ뵱丮Ĵө֮²ݡ
ʱʱˣǷâǹâսͶӰȵսľ󣬶ͬķŴ
Ӱ񣬵Ǿ޴Ľâʱ򣬼ڹڵǰ˹ϯϣ
־޴â͸˲䣬ͬһһ㣬ѹȸޱȱ棡
𺳿ֲľֻ֪ǹӰҲ˸еմ̼
Щ˶ߣ򶷣׷׷ĺ
ΪߣߣѹǺܴģ
ѹվѹѹѹȻҪһͷţʹޱȣ
񣡡
һڷ˽磬Ҳ˵˶ϱ˶ȫʱֱͻĹںԣΪȲʣֳջޱȷ
ٷҲǿߴս̶ȵ֮һ
߽磬˲䣬ǾԵȫߵһУ£ͷǰսǳ֪
·ԼУѪڣ
ڳĹڣвǱߵţʦ֡ʦáֵܣȵȣһźɽХһ㣡
ף˲ôͻȻ֣սĳһǣһһӣҡ
֮ǰʱдô꣬ųѵΪʥ
ţңʱҵɫôãԵĶ֣һ췢꣬һ˫üбޣ۾䣬ķףͬУȫƷ·ȼĺɫ棬ͬħ
ңģ־Ȼʥ丮һ֮һ˳ʥ丮ٻʵʥƽ
ҡͷ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱûھ춯صź֮С
ٻ޵Уٻʱʤ
һ˸߹һ˵ƣѹϵΪʥƽĶ֣ѹ֪
Ҳ֪սܹս̣ΪңΪʥƽ
㲻ҵĶ֣սûʥƽѾʤԡ
ЩŭӮңҲҪһЩۣ
ұһֽгһͭɫĴꪣһʥƽʱ򣬿ûгġ
սˣսʥ丮ʥƽȻҪʹʮֵ
ݣ
ӭʥƽģһѪɫǹâǹâͬйҵĹ֮ϡ
ֻľ죬ҵĴֱӱǹâ˻óڶУ㱻ʥƽһǹ˻Ԫ嵹ɶѪɽ
ʥƽʤ
ͨľ޴صֳոӷˣ
Ȼ֮УʱЩ֧ʥƽĳǣĻϵƶ忪ˡ
ʥ丮ĵҪ侲࣬һʥؼţʵûʲôֵûġ
ʥƽ̫ǿˣʥ丮ǿļ֮һһԶŵ۶һеǹһˣͽߣٹս̾ʥƽʵĽҲͬ˵ٮٮߣǱʥƽǾ֮ˡ
˼ʰʵǿ㣬ŮӲʥ丮ԺҲΪʥǿ߼ûɣ
Ϊǽ׵ģ죬Դ£δسʥһţѾǼߵˡ
û˵ʲôĬĬĿűľս̣Ȼרʥ丮ǿŵսΧСҲûдһһĿģԶŵ۶ῡܵƽˮƽҲһ˽⡣
һضţΧչһʱῡܹȻ
виʥء׼ʥصǣдľӢ֮⣬һЩҰƵϹҲͽ̳ǵ²ֱ̫̫ˣ
Щ˵УҲʱʱӿֳ͹۲쵽˼ڸڱʵ
ԽԽңԽԽʣ·ֲʥ丮ѹһͷʥƽʥơʥȻս޲ʤ
·֣˿ѾǳǿˣȴŲУ
죬̫ǿ˰ɣǶֻڵΪѣǾ񺣺ڵʥؼţǰҲŲʮϢʱ䣬һܸƥô
ǰ⻹ûչ¶ȫʵأʥ丮һǳǿʥصţҲ͸ڲ֮䣬ʥ丮ܣõУʱ
Ǻεȵİ
Щ߷׷ţԽԽңʱһϯ᳡ıͻȻˣ
һ޷ݵͻȻǵصһһйâ
ǿѹнŵսֹͣˣ᲻ÿ˶һ˲伸ϢǸоԼ·𱻸һռ֮УֻܹԼ
죡ʲô˵
д󾪣Χ˿ֲ
רԼУȴоԼ·棬㷴ͷ
ʱһçۻ룬޷ݵĿռлص
º󡪡ǧһ䣬νУɺ־ٰ죡ῡܣԿɲμӣ
޴ڿռоþûص
˴סˣٰһ䣿Ȼ
ϯĴῡܣ
ǧ磬ʥؼи壬ֵָĴˣȫν磡
УĴˣ
Ǹĳ棡Եǧʢ


1154 ¶
ǺƴʧǵصҲ糱ˮһȥ
޴Ļ᳡ϣ˻ڸղŵ֮УڱҲûмȥˡ
һ䣬ϢȻû𣬺ϯĵһ䣡ڴʱˣȶԣʥֻһθˣӲǵˮƽУʥƽЦһͷ췢
Ļ䣬ٰ޲ٽٰʱ򣬸ǻյһЩ׽ӰϢŶΪµһаʥ丮ڵ׷׾ΪһѨ磬Ȼ򣡡
ʥƽߣʥҲ˵Ȼ˷֮
Զŵ۶Ŵǳһġ
һŽֵĻᣬţûһĸģ˭ҲΪԼȱ˲ǶڴһнͬŻܣʣ
һ䣬Ľ֪ôʵУһҲڴһֱ˵ƴǿζ࣬жǿж٣ûʶ
һΣõĻᣡҲֻޱȵ̨Ѫڣ
֪һֻܷһУ
ΪÿξУ̫Ӵ󣬸ԴģĶǳ޴ԲÿһŶλļܴﵽǧ꣬ǧ֮ãЩţоʱ࣬ʱУʱ䣬ȴľУֱٽŻҵ겢ûôҲûиһ䣡
ĽûܸϣһЩϧĽܷѩΪֹ츳õˣܲμһ䣬Ȼʡ
ĽܷѩҾҲ˵һΣԻ̫޷ǿߣһ䣬ʵƼüţ㣬ȫžΣҲ˵
Ҫ̫Сֻʮ꣬һ޶ῡ񺣺ڼ£ҪǷԡս顢ȵȣвˣʮ껹ͣ񺣺ڣҲܲμӣˣ˽ʮ꣡
֪Ϊ⣬սڣŵĳɳҪ̨֮ǰȥϹŷ壬ңʥؼʥؼδʶ𼶵Ǿ͸˵ˡ
䣬һõᣡ

֮ǰʥ᳡ƴҲдлصЩ磬С磬Ҳ
ʱϹŷܲһƬ筺ɫĿռ֮УվһƬѪ֮ǰǰ߰˸ˣһòŮȻ¶
겻¶ͤͤü֮һۣһӢɢϢԽԽ˵ĸоͬһĳ
Ӧ֪ˣһ䣬ºУ
ڼǰһ߻˵ʮ㣬Ϲŷ̫ϳϣʥ۷弶Ļʯ
֪˵ͷǶ˼Σе졣ŵĴҲлμӣܲ
ţҷϻ˵ҶǵҪǣһˣͨԤѡʮ
ͨԤѡʮ˶һۣЩ⡣
٣ЩңʵˣϹŷ壬ȻӵļѪ֮һȴһ㣬Ǿǣǲķ˺ֲֻѪͨˣһ㣬Ϲ塢ҲһЩѪͷѪȻƷʲԶˣǵУЩŵȴͷߴɹٻεĴڣ
ֱŴѪй⡢Ĥ࣬Ϲŷܱȣһ뵮ǳѣ˵˽ˣԾͷһ壬ҲǶʥأ
ÿһ綼һٸʥأǧʮʥؼ֮⣬ǧ֮硢С磬塢֡ȵȵȵȣʹŵҪһ࣡
Ϲŷ壬ЩŶ⣬֮ϻнʥغʮѾ൱ˣϹʱϹŷȡõóɼҲǰǧѡ
ʯ˵ţڳῡܶһڿˮоЩ𺳣ϯȫŴûҪֲö࣡
Ҫ֪ϹŷʷҲֹһľҲֻаǧ
ʯ˵ת¶¶⼸󣬶ɾɸǴﵽˡءļ£δҶ㱨ԺΪƫһЩֻ񺣳ڣ£ʱ磬Ϊڣһָ㡣
ʯ˵¶ǣϣ
šʯͷͻȻʲôҡҡͷСӣ֪ȥˣδҲˣʱ䣬ΪҲõ񺣳˰ɣ֪СӵľɣǼ죿
ڻʯԣһϽӹҡͷɾɣӦñ¶Ҫˣᳬءʮ죬ﵽߵľ磡
ֻϧ̫ˣ񺣳ڵΪЩˣʣʱ䣬½ʱ磬ҲΪʱеķŤһڳԸӣⳡһ䣬ܹٵȸʮʮͺˡȻʣڣֻܽڰɡ
ֻ𡭡ʯĬĬظš
˽Ⲣ֪࣬Ľܷѩ֪ħ֪ʮؾеõǣʯǸоܺܶ࣬Ȼڴţڵһд漣
ţֹǽġʯĬĬ˵

磬һ޴֮УһɫĸߴӰɽһڹĴ֮Уߣַڲϵı任ţԪΧ˲ϵĤţǷ򵽼̶߳Ȳе
ĹһǧˣһַǰϥأͷüͣʱȺϣ˳羴֮ɫ
ǰĸߴӲǱˣĽҲʥصƿߣǧ֮һ
ʼˣڿʼˣһ壬벻Ҷ˵ˣĻ佱⣬ǰֱӽһѧϰĻᣡȻǣҲһ޴컯
ȻǰǲܵģǰһǧǰһҲзޱȵĽһ˶ѪǣΪ֮󣬴ʣҪʧ
һλɼõˣҽǰһǧһὫΪҵļ̳


1155 ǧ絤
ʥʥļ̳ߣǺεȵ٣ֱʥԴ
ȻܳΪļ̳ߣδҪΪϣǷǳãļ̳ʵҲϾѾˣ꣬ѡһ̳ߣҲѡһٸˣһȺ̳֮УܵһͨѾǴաܵһʥضҪڵĴϲ£ֿԣʵڲ
Ȼˣһ̳Щһ˵ҲĻԵֻҪ̳δɾٲҲܽʥصĸ߲㣬Ϊʥ۷
ʥʥŵʥصʥҲǷ׷¾޶
һһǰһǰһǧܵõĽҲܵõڵĽνһ죡
󣬵һľ影嵥гˣ鱨֯嵥ӡˣҲǹӦ
ջ䣬һһǧߣǧ֮ģֻԵĲ뽱һǧʯһöӦεѫ¡
ŰǧǧʯͬжӦεѫ¡
ǰǧʯһĽҩȵȡ
˵ľǰʮĽʮÿʯ
嵽ÿһǧڡ
ڶǧڡ
һǧڣ
õһ൱ڽĲƲһ
⺣ʯȴֻСͷ
˵ǣǰʮŵӿֱӽ칬ҲǺУܺϯӵָ㡣
ǰֱӻòĻᣬĵʮں칬УѡһŽĶѧ
ЩѧȫǺִȻЩ۷֮ҲҪһѧҪǿö࣡˽ʥصĴУ
ϯָǰʮŵһȴ֪νĺϯӵΪΣƺõһĵһҲ޷õָˡ
Ľܷѩ˼˵ϯѾǿòˣȻǴʵϣǰĵӣҪǿ룬߳ģЩɴͿĺˣǴӸĸ̳˺õò츳ѧϰĴж䣬ԴҲ˵ˣ߾ͱȴҪ߳һܶûѧ
Ȼδܴ䣬䣬һԼģǵԹ˵ġ
Ԫ𡢷ǵԴľжٮٮߡڽ󲿷ֽû䣬ǴŪЩȱѾ˲ˡ
Ҳǣǧ꣬齨ʥ֮УǴһûˣһ䣬ȻһʱоţҲԽ˼ǧʱ䣬ǧ˵̫ˡ
ţҲ̵˽ĵλжߣУʥǿߣҲϰˣϯӣѾǷǳ˲õĴҪ
㲻عָ㣬ϯָ㣬Ƕڵ˵޷Ĵڣ㵱֮ǿʵǰʮܣǰõһ䣡
µʱ䣬ҿʱĻ񺣳ڣﵽ񺣳ڶ壬ΪҲˣʱеķϾŤ±롣
Ľܷѩ˵ţͷ֮ǰɵʱѹΪѹƵ̫ˣʹƾ֮ʱֱʮžɣҲʹڵٶȱͬһЩ
ܴ½ʱ򣬾ʮʱˣѾʮ꣬ȴɾɡ
ΪͣСμⳡһܳԿ
׼һطʱʱǰһ⣬ǴĹâ
漴𣬡֣Զŵ۶һޱʢĵ۶ᣡ̻ᶼóصĶǸʺῡʹõģʵϡƷҩĵرȵȣһҪˣ
Ԫһ۶ᣡ
ˣ
Ϊ֮ǰӶԶŵ۶ۼ˴ῡܣЩῡһǴҲǸ˵ĹŵӣһҲƣ
һ伴УνĥǹҲ⣬ЩŶеҪʵ
Զŵ۶ΪĽ׳е̼ôܷŹ᣿
ھרῡܵᣬȻ𱬵󣡺ܶʵϡƷῡܵᣡ
ЩҲΪԼĵϵӴѪܹһȡһóɼҲǳøǰһЩõĥ£
۶ᣬҵǧڲƸ֪ʲô
һȴûٵףǧڵȻ࣬ЩѪĻЩģ
ңҲãܷʥҲãЩųɾŵĲƸǹ̶ʲɹ󷨡ĵرȵȣʽ𲻻̫ࡣң˵ĽˮңռŲƸİ˾ų֮࣡
Щù̶ʲһʯĻôڶʱۼĲƸ
ҵܷʥظʱĽܷѩߵҲֻһСֲƸѣвٻĽܷѩԼأǧܷʥصܲƸֻǲ׺һڰˣ
ĸЩʥصľžǧڲҪ֪֮ǰ˽˽׻ᣬҶóڵĲƸˣʱһֻ׼ģĸʱ䣬ϧѪıƲһƸĻܳＯʮڵʽ
ңҲʥؼʵĵӰˣʥ丮Զ
оѹЩԼܱĲƲʵڲ࣬ѪǹܶĶҲüǮôĶҲãó粨
룬ӳһҪʽǷܹһЩƸʵҲʣûָܴӽõ١
Ͼļ屾ͲǶҽΪڶ򲹼̳֮һЩ̳УλߵģڽڹܶõĲƸҲ޵ġ
ǣֱǼһֲŵһֲƸ
Ϣܿ糱ˮһϯԶŵ۶ڵԶŵ۶Ҫ㣬Ļ𱬳̶ȿ֪
ֻǰ֮Զŵ۶ը˹ΪеĳЩƷˣһöƷʽӽ񵤵׾ƷҩΪǧ絤
˼壬öҩǿչвĺôֵҪңʮ


1156 ƸԴ
ǧ絤
Ҳ֪ܿϢǧ絤ѹƷ֮һκһߣߣĪĺô
ǧ絤õǱ绢ˣԺУĽܷѩ
ǧ絤еƷӽ񵤣
񵤡䡢Щ𼶵ıΪǳ֮ʱӭ٣ǧ絤Ȼֻǽӽ񵤣ֵҲ㹻ˡ
Ľܷѩƴǧ絤ҪôǧĽʯνʯǳһĻʯ̶̳ƻǵѶȣǧѶȲ࣡
ǧȻȹ̣ȴҲģ𡢽ʱᾭ˥ǧٽʱҲѲϡὥʧȥԪɢֱױ٣ʱ򣬽ʯͿŴǧıһ飬ĲƬᱻ˵õȻɼޱȣĽʯϾ࣬дʦ֣Ĵʱ䣬ǣĵرͿɴǧ絤
߿ڣҪӱ磬˵ǸС棬ݻıǨƣϾ磬Զộһöǧ絤Ϳ֮磬ǧԣ
Ľܷѩһϯ˵ȻĶ񺣡䡢ߣ˭ĸǾǱ˭󣬸ȹ̣ΪűߣԴе֮
Ŀܰһǧڣһȹ̣ǵõĺô֪ˣ
ǧ絤ĺô˵ȫԼдǧ絤磬ôһͻԡο㱾͸ʵ߻ʹ󣬸ȹ̣ʵͻͽдǧ絤εһǰʮǰϣϲ٣Ļѣ
֪һĽܷѩ˵Ǵǧ絤ԼãЩڵҲôûԼ̫ȹ̣һƾԼǧʯѻʯ
ǧ絤һҪ취Ūʵͻͽºһ䣬ҵʵǲ󣡡
һ䣬ȫţûäĿţʱᱻ˵͹Ϊ˲˽ʵĽܷѩʵ൱˽⣬ĽܷѩȻѾ˵ѶȺܴȻǿʡ
䲻٣ЩҲУ
ɳ˴ԴҲ˳죬һЩгԴҲˡ
ƣ뷨˫ޣƽս飬Ϊħ䣬˫ۺٳɵʮ죬žɡ
˵ΪֵһЩۺ϶ԣܷǰʮĲ˵
Ͼ̫󣬺ܻܿĽܷѩҲ벻Ķ
ΪԼʤ㣬ǧ絤һҪ취Ū

֣˰
뽭ԼõļصʱȻ֣֮ǰĽܷѩʯǮׯ
̧ͷһǮׯơ
Щ˼˵֣˵Ҿ㶯ܶõȫӼнĲƸҲᳬʮڣˮнΣҴǶ˲ֶΣڽʽѹңⲻ򵽺öԼȴͨϵӼнʮڵĲƸ
еԹҲֻܵͷ񽭼ļ壬ʢᣬºһ䣬һС˻ˣʲôע⡣Ҫȡһ΢ĳɼҲֻ㾡ȫһˣһ棬ĸȻȽơ
ǡ֣ûм֧֣ŪǮ
ԥһ£ҧҽֽеֵˣǮׯһҵǾǵ䵱ѺȡƸһܣʵұֻһƽĽҵӣ˶ע֣һؾУżһԵڵңܹҴһ֮λڣͰ䵱ȥһЩƸԽ֣ºһУǧչȭţһɳ죡
ôһ˵סˣ˼ĿŽ𣬼ԼĶ䣬˼иޱҪıǿڵĳɾͣȻܰѺȥƸԼ
˵ֻƼˮ꣬Ǻֵܣ漰ȫҵʱҲûмüͷ壬ͽȥģ
֡ͲպˣˡˣΪ˵˵ľԩͷ
֣ǿżɽ̸ЩļٵˣȻУмɫ䵱ڵ½׻ᣬϳʯһСŮҿóȫΪ֪ʯ̥䣬ҲΪͬĳˣ֮
ƸۣȻвСĿܱһѣɵϣҲԸⲫһΣΪ֪ҵĽδùҴ磬Ϊ֮ǰìܣҴλ֮ҵ³»ܲңҵһУһƴɱʮ꣬ƴڵĵλҲһʧȥôֻܽƴôһѣδܳΪһν飡
ҲԼˣԼҸҲףôҾһֵƷỹǮ
ЩȵĿŽû뵽ʮƽ꣬ҲһݽɫҶĸƴܵܵõǷݻԵҲżȻˣδҪô÷ǣҪôȡòСĳɾͣڿһ˾˵ˡ
һ˵ллֵΣĳˣȻ˵Լа취⣬һǻһԼϢҲҳܽ
һǧڵǧڡ˵ֵʱ򣬹۲һķӦȴûбʾʲôϲɫʱˣ֣ģĳȻޱȿֲᣬĿҲǳĴѵǳѹļƷȥģ
ü΢ԼʹϵȻ˵㣬ݲ̫ˡ
ڽ˼ʱҲ˼ţһǧڵǧڣ൱ڵϻɽںؾȡõбܺͣ˿ĻԵȷʵС
ֻǼǮĲƸǲʵ˵ĵ䵱ôģܷݣ
ԵģǮׯ־ԿŵùѾӪˡʱףҪԳѺﻻȡƸˣ֪ҪѺʲô뵽ľȻݣ


1157 Ů
ĪѺ֮ĽܷѩѺĶֵǮľˡ
ǣǽҪۺĶֶȻó
ϰǵļֵȴҪͺܶࡣ
һѾ裬ԾԪϵ˵ļֵܹƾѪֻĤʺʹá
ǱİǣҲĽˮƳһöһöļֵҲԭǼֵһ˷֮һѣܹѺĻóҲǲɡ
ĲѾ룬¾ͻῪ¯ƣֻʣʮţ¿ǵڲд֮ο¯ƳҲҪʮţֻѺţ
š
΢΢ü²
һöѺ٣
˵ҪǮׯļʦˣѺܽĲƸҪг۸ͣҹƲᳬڡ
һڣžǧڣϽһǧڣܲƸǲһڡ
ЩƸҪǧ絤ǻ࣡
Ҫƣһôľŵõʯ̥Ҳˣ֤ڲμӵһ֮ǰţ岻ȵõǧ絤ò
֪ˡ
з̵øоԼ൱
Ҫʱڻ۴ʵĲƸӡҪҲˣɲӡǷ𻨷ѼľģһʮͨʹĻǱ
Сǧµı֮⣬㻹ûмʯأͻȻС㣬һϣʵ
Сʱմ˯˯ۣԴӦ˺һ˵ҪұأЩطҲʯͷú㱦𣿡
úж٣
šдСдôСĲűСȭͷһ㡭
֪ˡҡҡͷͲ̫ϣСƽƺû뿪Զŵ۶⸽һѾˣеڶˡ
֪ǺõʱԺһȻһ
ĽͻȻһҲ֮ϲ֮ǰһֱˣ
ʲô
һħӵŮĹ֮УŮʬϵõһһ壬ƺֻһһֱ֪ʲôΪʮһֱûõҼˡ
Ů壿
Ľܷѩһħ֮УҲǰ˯״̬飬Ľܷѩֻܸ֪ţϸڣѪɱԭԭеõħ飬Ҳ֪
ó
Ľܷѩһϼ䣬ϼ΢΢Ѱһ£㽫ŮŮ˳Ů嵱һŮҲһƵģʱΪ壬ŻԼϾ壬̶һĽܹ˳ͻɣ׷ɱӳ죬Ҳһıӻ
Ϊһ㣬Ůֻһ
ˣϵķ򲨶Ĳ
ŮӾСָ֣оϸ࣬ӵĩˣһƴСĽƣ񣬽һεͨףͨԭпǶĳֱʯֻǱʯѾˡ
һûκе飬һɹ׾صζоһϴһ
壬ͨɫֱԿĳͼڣȥͨࡣ
Ľܷѩһ壬Ŀص㼯档
Ľ㿴ʲôôһʵ
Ľܷѩüͷöû˵ս־£ȵĽܷѩǰҲţʱĽܷѩͻȻһ⣬ֱû֮У
ʧȥս֧ţصʶֽסˡ
ĽЩţھϵĽܷѩȴ˲оĽܷѩ״̬ȶûκ쳣
һǰʱȥĽܷѩһŮгˣ˵û´ĻӦǻԪִ鱦
ĽܷѩһﾪˣһȻֽҲ⣬ĿһִĶԾѡ
ԪִĶ鱦
ǡĽܷѩҡҡͷ鱦ôôģһһҲֻһ鱦ֵ޷鱦Ҳֵߣû´ĻӦһ鱦ϧˡ
ţһˣ
ħеŮӦǳĳּǿĹһ鱦ҲǴιб飬һ鱦ļֵۿۣǺѻָˣ
⡭һۣû뵽׾޻ǻԪִ죬ϧģҲȱˡ
ļֵ󽵵ͣѺٲƸûס
ĽܷѩĵģЦ㲻صģǺεʥǰϣεһ䣬˵ٰģʵֻĵӴѣôȥЩ飿ǰʮĽҲǺϯӴΪָ㣬ǵһĵһҲûмĻᡣĶ˵ȱ飬ֻʣһƬд֮ͣûκãղءοһ˷ĲҲ̺֮Խʦвοãֵ൱ĸߣ
Ľܷѩһ˵Ҳͬĵ˵ͷǧ꣬˵ǧ;ٰһεһ䣬ȷʵǵĹעһ䣬Ǽ̫ˣ
⴮Ѻ٣
˵ĽܷѩҡҡͷͬҲи֣֮ͱԪ𣬻ξٰһ𣬶еٮٮߣ磬Ҳ˽⣬ǻԪĶӦüֵһЩң֮ƺһӡӡ³˻Ԫû˽ÿˣҲ֪зӡʲô
Ľܷѩ˵᲻ǿ߶ġ
ӦòڣһЩıҲ鱦Ĵڣο⴮ȱ飬Ǯׯ⣬ǿܻΪԻһû̶ֳȡ
ãѺˣ֪ѺٲƸŮϼгɽˮ·һ壬ôҲû뵽ŮĹѰʱ򣬾ȻӳҪá


1158 ۵䵱
Ǯׯڲж죬ĵ䵱У㱦״߸ա
ٸ֮ǰһ磬ֱӷ˽ȥ
°ͣǱ𣬶ԷС
ʱϸһɵĹԣֻǿΣĪ˵ò䶼ǮׯΪһЩԸ͸¶ݵ˲õıȻαװҪ̽ҲǺױƵģⷽ棬ǮׯǹӲģӪôûз̿˲飬Ҳȥ̽鲻Ը¶òĿ˵˽
뱦֮һĿռ䣬ݺڵȺǶѺġ
ֱ¥ս˵ֵϸߵĶҪڶ¥Ѻ
λйյ¥ʱ򣬱һò毺ã£Ϊ񺣺ڵŮ΢Ц˵ȻǾܾڵĻȴҲǳ
ûС
ǸûйĻҪһ¥Ҽʦֵֵ㹻Ļܽ¥Ů˵ȴͻȻһͣоһɵѹԼ
ѹʱսĸо
ʥ۷֣ԡ벽
Ůһ˿ݣһһ񺣺ߣܸͷųѹһжϳʵĴżɲһ񺣸еģɼǮׯĶ㣬
ˣʥ۷壬벽ǿҲʮټЩǹˣɾǽҪ֪ǮׯĻˣҲѡ
Ůӵʱ˲˵Ŀ⣬Ƿ׷벽ĸʥؼĳ֣ȻԳ֪ҪѺʲô
ǰ벽ǿߡһǵһμˡ벽ˣºеĿˡ
һ˷׷ţͶĿһ˿ηͳ羴֮ɫߵǿ߶Ӯǵ𾴡
ǰȻԽ߲㣬롣Ůһƣ¥
˾۵Ŀ϶¥ݣûֹ㣬һֱĲ㡣
һĲ㣬һʿӭŮһ𣬰һҡ
ʱϵϢѾѹһ߶ҪĽܷѩȱ𣬲ܳʱͷš
Լαװһ벽ĸ֣ΪԼĳ룬ȷһν׵ľ԰ȫ
ǰΪİɣ֪ǰʲôҪѺʿڴ˵Ѻıֵ㹻ôһϢʮֿɹۡ
µò㿴ЩֵΡһ֣˦ö
ƳʮöѾ㹻öҲţѺȥͶһʤ㡣
ǡ
ʿöӨ͸۾һ֮ǣ
һڵ֮̾Ȼרҵʿ۾һɨ֪ѰɫǶ
ʿ¶֣֮ɫ֣һһĳ˽ֻΪһ˫۾䣬Ȼһʦ
߼һ촽˶ʿԪ˼ʿ̾ԭǲ֮öֻϧеѾˣֻʣµĹֵȥ߰˳ɣˣһҲҪһ֮Ѫ࣡ҿΪǰѺǧʯ֪ǰΪΣ
ͷҲ۸ˣ䵱Ѻļ۸ֻԭ۸ɶѣĻһԭ˲Ҫˣ䵱еͼ۳Ҳе׬
ǰȻֱʣ֪ʲôѺôʿΪһ裬Ǿ軨ȪƶɣǰƷһ¡
ӹ豭ȻĺһڣȻ֮궼ƮƮ֮УĲĴԱ¥»ҪŶӵĻȺʵ֮ʵͲƸĲࡣ
ˮ꣬óֽеŮڷŵʿǰ
ǡʿ¶ɻ֮ɫէһһûʲôر֮
Уʮֳأб֮УģһɷĲ
ƺȱ顭ԣǡ
ʿߵĳȷӦȻһŵĿһۣʿߵ˼䡣
ʿ֮󣬻վ棡
ߵ˵ͷʿɲԼһѾ϶ߵĿˡ
ⳤߣȻΪߣȴǵ䵱еϯʦ۵ĶģοôֵĶûо԰գҲ˵
ǡ鱦ǰȻֶʿһٿηˣ
鱦һֻдӵУͱ״ӣɳҲǴļʹõ鱦
ȻһģѾʹˣˣҲǼֵַ̺ͷ򲨶Ҫ˵õĻǿ
ʿ˲ٱҲЩƽˣ䵱йˣ˷ܵǼʶ
ǰǷۣǿԸ۸񣡡ʿ˴֣˾ֶڸʱһ㶼ֻۣﻻ
ȴҡͷֻѺ֮ڣһ
ԪµĶȻ¶ûκμֵҲǶԻԪ𾴣ϾԪԼʦˡ
ϧʿҡͷԳʸȻӵ鱦⴮̺ķҲһЩȤġ
ʿ̸ʱһƣֽʦһ׷ϸһˣͬһֱĳר־ļ鱦˶۷Ź⣬Ȼ˷֮
ǲϵı任ӽǣϵԪ˰ʱʱ䣬ŽһŮϣԪʿֱҲûܿ׳λ֮֡
Ҳ֮УޱأԳߵļʶӴжϳ鱦ѾģĶ϶Ʒʡ۸Ѿǳѵˡ
ʿԥһ£ӳһƬ֮յ˴Ļظ˷Σöָֻ֣һһٵ˵ڣ
üһ΢΢Ĭ֮ѸĽܷѩһ£˵ãˣ
飬ͼ򵥶ˣ˼󷨷ģǮׯȡǧʯ뿪ǮׯټԭĲƸнṩһǧžܹžҲڵĲƸ
ʱ򣬳۴ǧ絤ᣬڿʼˣ


1159 ʢ
磬ԭһ磬Զŵ۶ĳ֮һ񣬽һĶ磬еʢᣬ˵ǧʢһΣ
ⳡʢĵ۶֮ǰԶŵ۶Ѿ˲СᣬƷҪ˵ëëѡ
ⳡᣬʱ䣬ֱǧ֮⣬ʮϲ̨ıͻ˽۽ס
˵ϲ̨棬ʵҲ֮ͱ綥ļƷʥɹ״ӾûУȴ̨ϲˡ
λӣλš
뽭һõɨһۣźžǶʮ֤ڣ᳡ľ߾Ѿﵽʮ򣬶ʮˣʾһĲ֤ڡ
ֻ˵ʵ̫ˣ
λϯûѡݣԭòҲõԭ
ǮׯΪǮׯԭͱͻ˽Ǯׯи֣ҲʩչһĲò̽顣
ᣬʥ۷ʥǰ벽ǰʩչûܳɹֻ˵̽飬ֳֶƵ̽ûκΰ취
ݳע⵽ҲûʲôѾԶŵ۶õأһʱ䣬԰ȫ
֮μӵһ䣬ǰȫԾ͸бˡ
ĵص㣬֮ǰʥĻ᳡ƣСһЩмֻԤݺĹ㳡λϯȴˣʮ߶ȣɸĿˡ
һۿȥλͬɳĮɰһ㡣
ڻ᳡룬ͬһս̣ԽƷͶӰ·˵ǰ
潭һ᳡˽ҷֵλãȻⲻĴ硪硣
纬Ц˽һֱۣӱˣֻעŽ𣬡װĵܵܣû뵽㾹Ȼܴչ˽ͲƸЩѽİɣѵָ򼸼ֵļƷʥȥһֳһ£ʶ
籥ζ˵˽Ӽʯ;ϵ𲻻ʲôǮ򼸼ƷʥͲˡڽڵһȡʲôɼǸǿЦĻ˵ǽҶС
Цһ˵ᣬֻѲμӵģºĵһ䣬Ҳʹˡ
ѣƳһۣЦһû˵ʲôѺõĻϾԩ޳ûҪԼǸˣɵΪҲûôϡ
ûһۣСۣεľ֣Щʥصῡܣ
Щˣ߲Ĺϯϡ
ʥصƺûҲǣʥصʥ羭Ӫô꣬ǮׯģȻƸԴЩԴóʥصĵҲ㹻ˣһ㣬ֻһͨģǳʥ丮Ȳˡ
ţһһЩϯϵῡܣвʥ丮ˣһЩĵӣЩԶŵ۶⣬߲㣬ģϹ壡
ΧųῡܣΧºĵһ䣬ϵ̸š
Ŀ񣬶۳ţһͬսӮʵǣμһӰ켫ǰʮǳѣ
λ𾴵Ŀ˾õˣ۶ڿʼʱ᳡룬һĵ׵Ĵ˷ԲʮĻ᳡
Ȼ˫ۣȴڻ᳡룬վһŮӣŮ̬磬ѩˮһ˫۷֣֮ҷǳǣŮӳһë׵ĽϾƯβ
ǰ׺㹫û뵽֡һ˵ڵĴ޼壬ֲֻѪ׺壬Ȼӵа׺ȣǰ׺κ˽ϵĺᣬǰԲŻԻβ޼ӵܣһЩطȻҲԻ޵̬ʵ塣
¡㹫츳ߣŲʥ丮ܣ׷߲ᣬ׷ῡܹƻͷԷȣ¼۸ߣ
Ϊ˵ûϵ㹫ҲӰһЩͨƷļ۸ЩѹƷ漰޶Ƹû˻Ϊ˲һЦͺҼӼ۵ġ
̨˿ңʱ򣬵һƷ̨
һᣬѹƷȻ󣬿һʼĵһƷֵҲˣΪ˴˵ҲΪȡһź졣
㹫ַƷĺӣȻһЦ˵ܸлλ˵βμӵ۶ĿʮǵһƷʲôأҲ֪Ŷ
㹫ģģ׵ڳſò˴Ҫϴ򿪺ӣʼ
һƷ㹫˵Ĵ˺ӣ¶һͨϾľ壬⾧״һһӤֻа߸ߣͨս̵ͶӰĿÿһʮǣ⡰ӤоŸϣɺϵǣŸϾȻӦҪѨƫСⲻΪģȻγɵģ˾̾
ھһ࣬һſƬ㹫ƬһЦһƷ龧ԭأڳλºвҪμһɣʵ֣ûʲô˵ʵ֣ڱֵĻһź飡
龧飡룬ҾͲö˵˰ɣ±һñʤһ룬龧׼ʮʯÿμӼ۲ʯڿʼģ
龧
ڳῡܶһڿˮһƷȻģˣⳡߵģεݳޣҪ֣ܳѲСĴۺƳʱ˳ῡܸò
һɽܹⳡĹ֮ߣһЩҲôԣῡܶЩ﷢չͽҲģһƷ׼۵֮һ֧
龧
аһƷԼͷܺãҲ֮УеĶڶŵģ
ʮڣڹϯϣһ꿪ʼˣһۣʱ˲ĽĿ⣬֤ˣӵһң֪ˣ
΢΢һЦ·һ΢飬ֻһϢʱ䣬ˢ˼۸񡪡
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
۸ڽȴ֪һʼļ۸ֻ̽·ѣûأ


1160 
λ˳ʮˣп˳ߵļ۸ǫ̂ϣ㹫ýεε˵ֿúܶῡ̲סѪһѣʮڵļ۸ȴˣʵǼ۸̫ߡ
ʮڣ۵ˣǴ
ߣһЩĽͼʵţЩ˳ɳڣĵܲƸҲʮڣȴЩһľ龧࣬û˵ˡ
Ǯ˵磬ⲻˡ
ЩţͻȻϲϯϣһ˿ڵһڣ
˵ˣȻһʮģ꣬ݣ񺣳ΪȻҲֻǿȥʮˣ޵ڣôҲҪʮˡ
˫棬˫Ҳһʥأģʥ丮࣬Ƿֲٽջʳǣջʳǵķ̶ҲֻԴԶŵ۶ȻУЩһȻǧľԶŵ۶⣡
磬ĽʥؼȻʥأʥ丮˫ʥʵбȽϵ׵ģˣҲҡЩܱȵģԽĻۣһëĳЩĴȻ֡
ߣЩʥطֲܹ㣬ӷǳ࣬ʥ丮ҲдֲԶŵ۶֮⡣һеᣬģһٽȻҪ򵽸ĶԶŵ۶ᣬǸʥزĵսöǱˣܺȵͲˡ
ͨʥأСĵӣҲԼĽ̨ϵĶ򲻵ЩƳ۵Ķǻϣġ
ʱߣͻȻһе򣬡һڣ
м۵꣬·ĹϯУͨĵһλãгļ۸ʱ˵Ŀ⣡
˭ʲô·
ڳῡܲͷ
糣һᣬ˱ע׼ĲƸսںأ
Сӣҽаɡ
Цϣ⾺۵ĺǳأѺȥʯҲûˣ
ͨĵӣճʯ˽ǣĸ񾭲ǮֻΪ˻ȡ裬οҪðűΣա
ԣû˿⣬֪һǹƷʼߣ
ĸ罭磬ѾȫɵˣȻһڿˮһڣֻһǿ龧ң֤һܵܣôʶˣ
ЩĿһۣ¶һ˿ζЦݣƺûľϣһʮбϣľе򣬽гĵڶαۣһٶʮڣ
һٶʮڣһϢʱ䶼ûͣ٣ڶνмۣƺӳĲʯһѷʯͷѡ
˼һһʮڣ
һʮڣÿһۣͻ߳£ܶԷеʲô۸ֳۺļҵ׺Ҫ龧ľģƣȷʵ˺£һôм۶Ӯĸо
üͷֱӣƺ
һʮڣ
һʮڣ
Сӣ濡һ˿ͷ֮ɫĿЩ
ȻǼ廨Ѵ۲ģĳ۵ĻҲǰ˾Űڵļ۸һǿľ龧ͼֵ֮һѾеˡ
ûôࡣ
һʮڣ򣬳龧мֵΣпڵһУΪ֣Ͼ龧Ϊϡ٣õģˣĿ⣬
һʮڣɫٸڡȷʵԾ龧ڱصãΪķѪǹῡܵö࣡
ԭѪǹԼģῡܣ۳ôǵҲȻǳģΪǲʮ꣬Եô죬Ҳû취ǵԴ顣
ѪǹͨѪǹȻŵܹģˣѪǹҲֵķѾʹ龧պѪǹΪԼı
ڹϯϣһЩʥصĶӿ澺Щ¶ֵ飬Щȴɫ΢龧ҲҪΪľûϿڣڣֵѾЩ龧ıֵٿڣ岻ˣοԾ龧ڱصõӣҲʧȥ˾Ȥ
ɣ߼¾龧ҲǶԲģǸû㾺ļѹƷԳ޼ɵҪǼֻһڣʮڣǳ󣬵ݶѹգܾܿΪһƸѹƷľϧܣ
˵龧ʵһôǧ絤ʵǼʮһһֵ߱Ȼûñȡ
ЩῡеͷҲģĿһۣ·Ҫò׼סһ㣬壬Сӣûݣ
߱ĿߣߣȻʥ۷弶
Щǵ۾ۣޱĵûУ
ƽϯȴ͵ҫĸʥصĵԼ˲ʲôģЦûλϯ벻ǳʥأСΪϣ̽һΪãߵ塣
ȻԶŵ۶֣ܶ˹أǶʥصƣպǾδˡ
⵹رߵ磬ǿʳһЩ֮⣬ĵطûзɵԼɱԽ̫֮ձˣǿ߶߸Ҫʵǿǵ
һûбСɫõ˴ʲƸҫȫΪ
һʮڣи߼۸ǫ̂ϣ㹫Ц˵Ŀ棬ʥصῡɨҲֻǣпˢ¼۸
ò˵㹫һ˫ˮ۾·˵ַ̺飬һ񣬾ͷ·Ҫݽȥһ㡣
һȻֱλ˵СΪһˣƯҲûãһʮʲô˵һʮڣٸˣһǧ߰ڱҲֻٽĿΪǴǧ絤øЩСƽϣ龧øΣ
Ļʮ㣬Ĵȫ·龧ģʩġ
ǡСҲǱͨῡܣǶʱŭȴû棬ǲ


1161 ǧ絤
ģΪʲô˻ôţƣֵ˵úʩǵģ֪Ǿˣ֪ĻΪӮأ
Ϊ⣬˵Ը߰˼ɣˣҲҪ߱˲ԼʵУǲмЩţһԽУ߰һЩ
㹫棬ȴ˿û֮ɫ˵Ϊʦõ֪飬ıô޼ɵĵ˵дбӵ˼Ƿǳѿġ
㹫ֻȻһЦӹ˵ģСŮӿǼסˣѹƷʱϣܿӹӴֵһĻأ
û˳ۣҿɵʱŶ
㹫˵ţЩ֮ɫŮ򵥣ļ˵ʢӵֱ׷ʥ丮ܵ츳ҲЩܡ
һʮڵһΡ
㹫˵ţһֱʱҲûٳۡ
ϲλˣõ龧
㹫չһЦΧῡܣĿⶼ֮ɫôҲû뵽һ𣬿Ҳûʲôر꾹Ȼһ
˲֪ʲôͷ
ǽʥسһֻҪݣ֮󣬾ͿԱϱϲΪӦòǣҲĳλĵӣǴ㹻ţƵĻҲʥس˲ֻǸõ˴ԵСΣˡ
ΧῡԪ˽ţݳ˺档
λˣ֪ǷҪһλ㹫˵ȻϷλ
ҡҡͷˡ
ǺãԱ㣬һƷ㹫˵䣬Ѿ˵ڶӡ
һ߶೤ľϻ֮һĳ߽ɭɭ
Ȼǡͨʥ
ûͨʥ˲٣ǱȼƷʥָ߳ࡣ
ҪǣǿеľţƾԼ΢֮Ѿʹˣֻ侳Ųʹá
ö
ýģȲЩǮһͨʥҲӲϣԷ
ͨλϯϣῡܿʼĦȭƣ˵һƷƷʹȻǸû
ͨʥ׼۰ǧ򣬳۵Ķͨĵӣձһǧļ۸ߡ
һƷ۸ᳬڣЩͨῡܣȻЩνġͨʵҲʥţ塣
Щˣò
ûнйۣЩʥصǣҲ
һƷڱƽβ
㹫ǰ̨öּ˵ǧƷѾȫߣһġĸ߳ѹƷһѹƷҲƷһǧ絤ڿʼģ
ѹƷһʮĴǧ絤һΪڳῡû˿˼ɵĳ־ģܻ˵ǧ絤ȫ֡
ǧ絤һ˶ʽԣ״̬ȫԸĲǾ;롣
ʱƸۣһˡ
ò˵İţƷֵ󻯣Ҳܱ֤ῡܱ˴˾ľԹƽ
ʼˣϷˣ
ҵ죬ΪĴǧ絤֮ǰҶ˯ˣ
ڸ߲λʥسῡܶĦȭƣߣʥصĳϣΪѹвʥ۷弶֡
ʥ丮ߣһԼֽ䣬縧Լ䰮Ůˣʣֽ̲˾޶Ƹ
ʥ丮֮еʥƣԱߣһͷ췢ʥƽ˵磬ֵ֮ͲҪˣǧ絤Ǻ̸䡣
ͬʥ丮ţ֮ƽʱȻ㲻ϺʱȻһ
˵Ĳǣ֣һҪǧ絤һӲ̡
ʵǼ֣ʥ丮ҲһʥضѣǵƲ
ǰкüʥĵӣͱ硭档
ʱѾ֮ǰ̬۾һգգĶ㹫ǰУһסĶߣ
񺣳Ϊõǧ絤չ£΢һʱٶȣͻǰ϶飬ȹ̣ڵһȡøĳɼպеķչкô
ǧ絤ڱصã
ź
·ͨĵӣֻܿϷˣǴѪƴȻܲ룬Ҳгڴſ۸񵽵ʲô̶ȡ
һöǧ絤ҪнʯΪƣʯҪһǧˣȻٺ󣬲ܵõ̶ȿ֪
ҪҲ£ʦֲУĵҩƽʱҲмУٽһ䣬ǼֵԹ
ͨ˶һǾԼĸ߼ƷԼëǮϵûУȴҲе뿴һҲܶһ෹̸ʣԴһ
֪
֪ɣ޷ļ۸񣡡
ǧ絤ʼ֮ǰ㹫ͣ˰ʱ䣬ƵĴ򿪴ǧ絤УһһöԲĵҩֱ˳̣ͨҩǰ͸ģм·ӡһ飬ͻҳ壬ƺǻһ㣡
Ϸһ󷨣ֻҪⵤҩһͻײϣɫһҩͻᱻ˻˻˻ĹƬƬϼ⣬ʤգ
ȻǴǧ絤Ľܷѩ֮˵Ȼⵤҩʶ
ˣǽʥصῡܣҲǵһμ˵
ԭǴǧ絤
ֱһ˼顣
Ǻųƽ񵤵ľƷҩϢȥĺô֪ˣ
㹫жͨͶӰ˳ǧ򱶣ĳǰ˵ҿⵤҩеСô֮飡˵һ꣬ȻֻǴ˵ǧ絤ýʯƣܹ꣬Ҳ飬˵ôǺǺǺǡöҩ񺣡ǿ߶дãڿʼģ
׼ۡ
㹫˵Ȼһ٣Ȼ׼ۡ㣡
׼ۣ
ڳῡܴһ£Ƕû뵽Ȼ׼ۡ
ʲôĵ׼ۣľжûʲô壬ǧ絤ļֵ϶᳴һ˼ĸ߶ȣ


1162 Ⱥ۲
׼ۣʧȥ˱ߣӿţ
λϯϣһʥصĳϻ˵Ϊǧ絤ƽʱ;٣żĽף۸񶼺ѱ֪ҲͬĽף󣬲ձԣʴǧ絤ļ۸񣬺ܶ˶˵׼
£бһ׼ôǱʶͻã׼Ǵǧ絤ƽӳ۵ļ۸
ճɽ۷˾ǶǮԩ
ﲻӰ쵽ճɽۡ
Ƿ׼۱̫ߣֻһʼͲηôҳֳۣ壬Ȼʺռ۸ʵǵһ۷塣
ԣԱ㣡
ĵ׼ۣһЩҲԣĶʥῡܣҲԾԾԣȻҲ֪Լңܵõǧ絤һʼʱȥװһαƣպҲ˵Լôμӹǧ絤ľġ
мῡܸ׼ڽмۣʱƽϯλϣһͷβû˵ĺ춷Ůӽеһǧڣ
һǧڣֱӶ˳۵ĻˡǵܲƲһνмʮ֮һûУŮӻƽϯϵģ벻ǽʥصĵӣðģ
üһһһǧڣһѲϵĺѾ֪ǰЩＯʽ𣬾ҪļѹƷ׼˶Ǯȴ֪һһǧڣռ۸ҪʮʮȥĶŪôǮ
һǸҵŮӣмɳƣźɫɴȻǱһɴɴ֮Ϸ·ĳ˸ò
Ůӣģ
ǧڣʥ丮һʥƽԼеһͷ췢Ⱥиҫۡ
ǧڣ
ǧڣ
ǧڣ
۸񲻶ϵ߻䣬Ǳ˳ˣ
ڳῡĿɿڴǶԣһʾ޿ѾЩˡ
ʱһһڣ
һڳͨῡܶһͣһڣҲһף֣һ˿ƽʱõ
һڣû谭Щʥŵľ۵顣
ʱվǿ㹫һ̶ֿۣ˿¶һ˿ʤζЦݣеƣڣ
üһַһ
һڿˮһǧʯ춼ǿȫңоԼѾ˳ˣһΪĻԵǸЩĴǾһЦˡ
ƳһۣȻ򶨣ûʲôңýЩ⣬ô򶨣͵ˣѵаվȥ
ǧڣʥ丮ʥƽľеƣˢĽмۡ
ţüͷһ壬ۿм۵ķʥӣ˶ǳʥؼ˭Ҳ˭
ãǾͶһɣǧڣֺһ۸ʥơʥƽЩпɽˣҲûޣֻƴ
ǧˣи߼۸ǫ̂ϣ㹫˵ᣬҲΪ˷ܣ
ʱվǳ˶Ů֮⣬ڶƽϯϣܸʥžˡ
ΪԾ龧ľģڳ˶ϵһʱ˸˵Ŀ⣬Ҳһԭ״̬һֱкâ
ڣ
һһٵ˵̹Ȼһνмۣʱðڵῡܾˣ
֮ǰ¾龧ҲֻǻһʮڶѣȻˣԽܣһΡڣ
ǳʥأΪʲôλϯһʥصӵõʵλϯҲܱܶ鷳һƽϯϵῡܣмۣʵ̫ˣպһԶŵ۶ͻᱻ˶ϣ
⵽ô£
ô˵ǾĿһƳͨĵӣóڵľ޿
Сӣǳ鶯һ£ԭΪҲֻʼʱܵɪһ£û뵽Ȼرټϵһξĵʱɺݺݵĳ
СϣȻܣһҪߵ˵
棬ʥ丮ڵӣҲע⵽ںƴҪײһ˵ĵϸҲǲ׵顣
ٽмۣʱͬƽϯϵǴҵŮӵڶվԵͳɳƵǧڣ
ʲô
һοڣʱڳĿɿڴһѾˣ⶷ŮӣȻҲڵң
ôˣ
˶עǶŮӣΪԷĺɴ󷨣ƾ۸Ůӵò
ߣϷǰòЦ
ʥϹͷų֪ҪֱӴ͸ǶŮòĺɴŮӾǺηʥ
ʱŮһͻȻоâһһ޷ϢЩĸ֪ʱӴϢķȥָоԼޱܵٶصײһʯǽϣѪ
Ǽͼ̽Ůʵòߣʱһɫ԰ףһһ𣬼Ϸȥ
һȺϹǴʧɫ֪ߵˣ
ǡ
һݣǸ£һѾɱһңϡͷ͵壬ȫһ׻ɫĳ֮УϢ˺Ȼһֻ۷ʥˡ
ܲǡɣ
ڳ˶ĳ֣ǸһʵᣬԻ
һЩˣǳԽʥأҲһվһЩɲЩΪΪ֪ǵʵԳǵ󣬶һ䣬ǿܽǲһĥһ
̫ţֲ̫˰ɣ
ڳῡܣԪ˵Ŀⶼ˾֮ɫһͷʥĸ֪ʵ㲻ǽҲֱ׷
Ľǽ
Ľܷѩҡҡͷ˵ĸо֣ѷͨԪȴǰҡӦáǽҲʮֽӽˣǰ벽еĶҸĿǣԭǽΪ˻ĳԭ򣬴ӽˣ
Ľܷѩܿ˿ƶϳܵжϡ
𣬼ǵ˾ĽҲֲ־ܻʥǿߣлʥ۷壬˵⶷ŮпĹŵˣᣬԵĶֹȻһһǿֻڣ֪
һָϵֽ䣬ɫޱء


1163 
ĽһǿߣнʥأƲж٣ûףĽܷѩ
ĽܷѩƲ̶ֹʲǮǽǿҲãǽʥҲãųɾŵĲƸ󷨡صȵȹ̶ʲǮ̫࣬ǮҲûãһԴӡܷ꣬ʥأҲڵʽˣܷʥǴʥأԸԣʥءʥ丮˫Щͨʥأʽ𲻹һڣ
ͷǺܷܺʥرĽܷѩæ֮óĲƸҲ֮һһңĽܷѩȡߴ룬ʣ´ǮׯĲǧڡ
ͨʥأʲһڣΪᣬǻһЩ̶ʲһʯĲƲ϶Լ֮ϣ
Ψһֵҵǣʥ̫вֹһӵӣҲֹμһᣬᵼʽɢԼĻᣡ
ڵԼƸʱ򣬼۸Ѿǧڣ۵ˣȻʥƽ
ǧڣ൱һʥصƽȫʽ𣬶һȥֻһĴǧ絤һһξûˣ
ɼŵжǮ
ĵĲƸԭ޹ɢ޲ܳ־ţҲ޹־ʥأʱ䣬Ҳڶᵼ°Ϲڵʥأˣ
ţʥأһǮׯѾ꣬ټԶŵ۶Ĳ̻ᣬҲʥصĲҵڼЩҵ׬˶ٲƸԼˣ
ЩƸǴˣ϶Ͷȥ󱲣
ȻΪֹ绹ûгֵڶֻһٶġ̳ߡһ䣬ӵĽҲŵһ̳ߡ
Щ̳ߡÿһɳҪĴĲƸδɾͽĿԣҲǺܸߣ
Ȼ˻ֵ׳꣬ٻǧ겻⣬ϣԼ֮ǰ
һ˵ҽȥڣҽȥףһüģ
Ϲŷ塢塢޼壬ôûһΪԭ򣬶Ϊ
Ϲŷǻ졢Ǿµͼʯ̣ඥĸоǼĳɾҲֹֻ벽վδٽһ
ʱò˼飬룬Ƕȥɣűʱûã츳ʵϹŷ幩Ӧ
Ϲŷչŷܣа취Ūŷ֮Ѫŷ֮ѪԼʹöȥԴ
ϹŷĿֵǮһؾؾǸײԵĵط۳Ƹвңĺؾ
Ĵ޼壬ҲֻϹ壬ƾ˺͸ĲƸʱ䣬ν
Щ겻ѡţΪ츳ܳɳԼ⣬˭ҲԹã
ʾȴΪԴĲվδͻƾ磬Ǿһֱˡ
ΪȱԴδܳɾͽˣв١
뵽ֲԾսӷ֣ΣҲԼΪ֮һǧ絤һҪõ
ǧڣ˭۸ǫ̂ϣ㹫ĺʮ࣬׵Ĵȫ
λϯϵ治ϵĵԼƣղǧڵļ۸ģʱ漰ڵľ޶ʲƽظ߰Ҳˡ
ʱվĵڣ
ʲô
Ȼһ˫۾Ҫˡ
ʥƽʥơʥȻʥ丮ҲΪֹԶĽʥصӶѾˣʣµľ߾춷Ůӣʥ丮ܣķ
һ̧۵ڣСǲۺҪԴǧ絤ڱصãֻܹҾô࣬һ׳Ż˵ģ
ӷֲ֣ϵȭɿѾʼߺ
ڣѾʼƽӵеĲƸ
˫һɲֹһӣĸĸ츳࣬ÿ˶ҪԴڲܱ֤ĳмϣɾͽʱ˫Ҳ᲻ϧѪͶȵȥ˭ⲻֵã
Ȼ˫ͨ˴ĲƸһЩضѺȥˣܵõĲƸȴֻڣԼĻۣЩＯĴծҲǧڡ
ʵζţ˫ԭͲ֧Լµĵȥôݳ޵ĶÿţÿһɳõԴ˫ҲĲ
ǧڣҧг۸һӳԼȫң
ʱѾû취һļӼˣΪӼһǧ򣬱˺ܱܿǧڵļ۸ֱûа취ٿڣֻܹעһƴһ
г۸ĶĿкɭɱ⣡
СӣҪ̫û´㲢ûкĺ̨֪ǧ絤֮󣬻ʲô³˻ɱ㣡֮أûãˣԺҲû
ԭմվмۣͻȻвЦһ˼ѾעˣѵҾܸıʲôˣ᳡ʮˣôĻд˲֪ж٣ҲԸߵףôǧ絤ȫԼʵڵһϵһóɼʱ򣬻Ҫ֮ô
˵ʲôûɣɶѣȻڵһһϯ֮أΪ˭ôΣЦˣ
ſĴЦ֣һԱ㣬ۣԺ
Ļɵһ棬ôǵĻҳôһѰıӻô
Ȼվɱ˰ĿУ˵ڣ
һȫȻ
ڣֱˣᣬ˷ľ۳棬˸е㤣굽ʲôͷ
ͬһشصؿڣֱؿһƣüѪ
Ѿްᣡ
ܺãܺãȻˣ㡭űΧɱɣ
ʵҲǿţ˵ʵ
ʱѾ׼չ飬ûбĻɻΪʸ֮ģļ۸̫ˣû춷Ůһֱ׷ĸֱ
ڣ˳߼۸ô㹫Ҳüľ޿һʥó˽ǣ޷ŵģȻһ֮֡


1164 񵤵
ţƽϯϣ춷ŮԪ˵Щ١
ں춷Ůߣµ̫Ŀһۣ˵۸̫ˣȻϧѪĻҲܳ𣬿ڣպ·еĳɳһȼԴŸˣǮҪڵϣһЩԼ۱ȵĶݳ޵Ʒǧ絤ЧãԼ۱Ⱦ͵ˣỹѹƷǡɣ
̫ص̾һֻ룬ȫǰ۵ļҵ֧ţѾôԣˡ
֪ˣŷģûдǧ絤Ҳһڵһһ۵ĳɼ춷Ů˵ˬĿһˣֻоΪ´ǧ絤Ǳ
̫ҡͷҪСκˣûãˡ˵ţ·øˡ
һȻļ۸Ծ֮󣬺춷Ůӣȫ˳
ʱ򣬻һǾʥ丮ܣ
ʥƽվսеȴûбۣ촽΢Ԫ֣˵ĵ˱ѣƺѾˣʽΣ
һ㶣תͷʥƽЦأǲʽңҼ
£ЦĻôİѲƸʥƽο򲻵ǧ絤Ҳ˶ΣʽѹƷ
ʥƽҧȻֳԿֽǵĲƸǶᰴǮׯϢ˫֮⣬ǻֱһһľϵİɣ֮ΪȻһΪѲƸǣھѹƷʧҲԿˣ
ʥƽһ˵ȻĶо𣿡
ֶҲǷǳϡ٣дá
ȻԭҲó֣պͻڵʱ򣬲ڶһʼΪԼ׼ʽѾˣ벻ôӣڣҲòʹãƸۣ
һ˵ԣҪϢͬʱʱ򣬽ҪǮׯ浣ѣ
ѣʥƽǳ鴤һ£Ǯׯṩĵ񣬿ԷֹݴˮƯʵܳǮׯĵһݳ⣬Ǯׯ׷Ǯ׷Ǯׯ⸶ķȻҪ޶ѣԽ󣬵ѾԽߣ
֪ʥ丮ܵɫ̫ãڱƵϣֻˣ
ɽʥƽҧ˵оĶڵѪԼӮ
ڵڶΡ˳߼۸ûеĻǧ絤Ҫλˣ̨ϣ㹫˵ղʥƽԪֻǶ̶̼ϢĽѡ
㹫εʱʱʥƽͻȻе򣬡ǧڣ
ʥƽıۣʱڳ˵Ŀ⣬죬ǧڣ
ߵģǿǳţƵ棬Ҳصĺ춷Ůӣʥ丮ܣ
üȻһ̫ѨѪܶ΢΢ĹĶţǧڣĵѾǳˣ
ĽƳöٿţʼԼǮˡ
ʮ߿ţˣ
ʮ߿ţһѺţѺĳɳ۵ĻӦٶ༸ǧڡпټţѺļ۸ֻƷԭ۵ɣֱֻܶЩ᲻á
ǧڣһαۣأ۵ڣȻѾԶԶǧ絤ƽʱĳɽ۸ˡ
Сӣ㹻ݣʥƽĿޱǧڣ
زӼ۵ķѾԽˣûܼǧڼǧڵļˣÿڣʥƽһսΪǵǮǽģҪģ
ңϢ
ǧڣһξƣڲʥƽʥƽĿҲʮֱ䣬ʥƽھͰѴǧ絤ˣһڵծ񣬶˵ɲ١
ǧڣʥƽһţƤǣɡ
۸սֻʣʥ丮۸һһһѪĴս̳ʱսпᡣ
ʱĿȻһ˿âսһڣ
ڣһӼǧڣ
ʮ˵һƬž
ߣ𲻿ŵĿ벻ףѺʲôͨʥصӣѾ֪ʲôˡ
ͷһӼô࣬һٻʥƽģʥƽټӼ۵Ļ֮ǰѺţҲͳͳɳۣˣٶǧڵĲƸ֮⣬һЩȻֵԶͷһݵɺӡ
ֻҪʥƽӼۣͻẰǧڣƴһû취ʥƽҲֻܷˡ
ڣڣи𣿡㹫ĺ
ʥƽͷѾϸܵĺ飬ԺвϵȨԼĲƸڣ
ļȫƸǺʽҪʥƽỳɡ
ЩǮֻǽģǽڣҪϸ߶Ϣһ𣬹ǵѣҪǮׯǧˣϾ߱Ǹ߷յְҵ˵󣬽˶ˣռߣշѵȻ
οǧ絤ʥơʥȻ֧֣һʣҲҪʥƽôң
˵ܳ߼ۣպ󶼻׽⣬벻Ĵǧ絤ֵֵҪʺš
˵ףֶݳƷǾ͸ĶʹãԼһͨʥسĵӣôǧ絤ò
ͺñһƶΪ˹ʮӣȥͷԣѾǼõĶˣýʮȥѣȻҲܳԵȴǼ޴Ϊ
ʥƽе򣬵ջǷ
㹫ĶߣԵޱңԶ
ڵһΣ˳߼۸𡭡ڵڶΣû˳۵Ļǧ絤͹λˡڵΡɽ
ϲλӣڵļ۸򵽴ǧ絤㹫ϣǳţ֪ô֮ⳡ粨֮󣬴һϵ鷳أ
᳡ʮˣû˹ƣֳһƬţֱϣͬһһ㣬ȴѾ΢΢ߺ
㡭û׳һǸ۸񣬼ٸȫͶȥѾǿܹܵĽˡ
֡֡ôǮγѵĸоݺݵĳ鶯һ¡


1165 
ǧ絤ѾûûĿҲźΪǵѹƷʮÿһеǻᣬ棬ʼڶ
̨ϣ㹫˵ȻĻʵʲô˵ͬѹƷеż֮ǰͨҲõһϢһƷп֮⣬ûһܳǧڵļ۸
ǧʯѾʮֿˡ
ʱȴûмۿĴˣվֱ̨ȥĹ涨ͿԸˣ˴ǧ絤;볡治ʲôѾ޹ˡ
뿪ʱ˲˵ע⣬мĿ⣬絶ԸоЩĿԼϵĸоļʸҪͷ֪ĿԴʥ丮ܣ棬Ǹ춷ŮӣԼҲ˵⡣
̳սսͱ˱һôܲɺޣ
ҵҪ´ǧ絤ڵһлʲôɼϣ㲻Ҫô类̭ԤѡԶŵ۶ĵӦûᱻֵһٺ٣ʱһУ
ӵһֳȥʱ͵ǵص׷ɱɣ
ʥƽǣֱڣ뿪һЩ
˸㡣ߣ˵ЩģŵЩˣ߲ơ
ɫЦҵˣֻЩСˣڵ뿪Զŵ۶ң뿪Զŵ۶ЩҲڻҰˣΪֵܷЦ֮
ǣѾԶŵ۶أƬλڵ۶֮Уڵ۶еĲҵ
۶еıֻǴŵ֪൱һֹʥأֵĹҲһЩʿˣҲӡ
֮һ˭ҲҶ֯Լ棬԰ȫ
ŶһߵĿˣʾԼʯֽ𲻹ʹñѺ
һӣֱӷɳЩǮׯ͵һžһڣʱһɾʯߵҩ
֮һ˦֣һһѵɫɽ˳ȫʯҲҿСǧ㹻󣬵ɵʮѾɽ
ЩɽֲʵֻһǧʯˣЩǶϻɽµĲƸ
ЩƸ𶼴ˣŪôǮҲǳǴ⽻ˣײ˴Եˡ
һ°ɡ˵ʯľ޿ߵʶ֪ٶȣҲһʱĹЩʵʯü㣬ɳʮߣ˰ʱȫϡ
Ĵǧ絤
һ΢ЦĸһС
֮Ǵǧ絤·裬һϼʣ
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һӣǧ絤ͱϼ䡣
֮ǰڹжʱһʮֺңԴҹȥô˵ֺңõأһʮʱٱ㹻ˣ¾롣
Ȼ
ʿ΢΢һЦ롣
ʿһȣߣһʯţʯ֮ϣָӵ·ʱ󷨣ÿһңԵʱٵı
һ䣬ʿһӵкɫʯŵңһơ
תԽллֵͬ齭ҲһɣҲңпܶ㲻ȻмıӻЩҲ̫˼ļ塭
Щ˵ֻͨʥصĽһ̫СһЩ
á
㡣
һ˽֮Уѡһң׻أ
֮󣬳һתһƬĶռ䣬ʱվһ޴ɽɽۣɽΧŴִصİɫÿһ˵ĴȴϸְɫһɽϣһкǧɣûѾ֪ж೤ˡ
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ǰʮԶһ޴ͭڿУ𶦣йСڴ֮ϣ¡¡ľĿ⣬µĻ棬ҲϵĻ붦УѾ֪˶꣬һյͨ죡
һ֮Ϊе׼ģУһ㶼䱸ҩѡֺأвСԭ򣬱Ϊҩ
Ľܷѩ֮ȫԴ߶ҩˣȻⲻɱĶĽܷѩһЩģ֮ǰĵľ龧Ҳһҩ
龧飬Ҳһ̶ȵ˵֧꣬ôֻҪȡһ龧Ϳˡ
׻У׻˫ϵԪȻḻޱȣֺأ
ղͨʯţʵһͨƬ磬Ƭ磬ؾҲǧ磬ǧļ϶Уܲŵ΢֮һ
΢磬۶̽ΪһԶҲ԰ȫأ
ĵطʺ
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ƴç̺ŰȻ֮أоѪڣɣºĵһ䣬İٱ
ݣϼеĲϱĽܷѩһȡ·ɣкȻʯ̥ʮ
ƳҪʱ䣬ӣΪ׼ĽܷѩƯ֮Уȹ㣬ƮƮ裬ĩհıͬʧӣ·ʱҪ˷ȥһ㡣
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̫֮ķҪ̫ҪڻͨеǵطߣֻҪʱ䣬ʵͻͽ
裡
һǹ̳˼һĻ֮ڴʵҽ֮Ȼ͵Уе룬һɫĻ֮ŭţ
Ҫϵ⾳Ҳںϵǰ⾳֮УȻʱٵĸıҲ⾳һЩϰҲܿ˷
ϵĻǹɫܿ쳤ʮɸߣ죡
֮УĽܷѩһ£ӭƮƳеĲϣѾͶ뵽֮ͭУʼơ
ͭ󶦣ֱӻƬػ𣬻ޱȳңʯ̥֮⣬ϼ붦һ˲ڻҺ壬ʯ̥ˣ


1166 
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죬ڵرȹһ¡
֪䣬һ¹ȥˡ
֮Уʯ̥ѾȫڻУγ˽ӰҺţâ䡣
һʼҺֱһ߶࣬ŻգҺŲϵŨҲڲϵıС
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𶯣ΧǸϵ··һ㣡Щ·ľͼݣצӣģܹһ֮ӱд
𶦣ֱǻǱԽԽתͷһۣȻ𱦶Ϊо飬Ȼ鲻飬ֻα飬αܶʱ򲢲αȱڲɳ龧һĵرſߡ
ƷʣαƷʼߣΪǱеʱ򣬾ѾǳǿˣҲȻ飬ĸƱȥѰЩǿģרСģ
𼶴ܣ׽һͷ޵飬ȫƳ鱦
һܣɱ̫ޱ۽ޣͷ޵飬֮·ҲǱ۽޵廯ɣʹ𱦶֮ʹ˿ͱŰϢ۵ػ𱬷Ļ棬Ҳǳޱȣ죡
ʱϵŨһֱĽɫҺıֱڼ䣬龧ƯĽܷѩͷ˿˿ɫӾ龧ϳĽܷѩ֮Уɵ⣬塣
û龧ĽܷѩȻҲƣļϾ޷ԪһжҪ߶һҩĵѪҪͬ߷
Щ龧ҲԭСʮ֮һ
ʱĽܷѩ̧һ˦ʮʮݵҩҩ֮УЩҩǵ漣Ѱϼʱҩ԰ԭеģҲǷǳ
ĽܷѩƳЩҩľҩԽʳյҩľ
ĽܷѩڣЩҩľιʳ
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Ƭʱ䣬ʮҩɵĸɫҩյˣ
ɫҺЩҩﾫ֮󣬱ø貣ҲŨѾֻмСˡ
Һ𽥹ɵ̻״̬һö񵤼Σ

ʱһĹȥѾ¡
ݣ
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ĩհľУնղŵһǹ룬СĿռ䶼Ϊ֮£ǱȷҪӲʯͬûһ˺γһӰﳤȻϿȣ

£ͬɫĿߣΧ趯ִĵ壬һ̣·һ㣡
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ǰϵĲ򣬶Ԫ֮ԪΪΪԼսУһԼСطޱӴ˲òηĸо
һΣȫͬ
оղʹõķԼģǷ·Դ壬ղһ˲䣬оԼ·Ϊһ壬ط򣬴Ĺ⡢Ĥ֮ȻȻ·ͱ˷壡
Щ֧ԪʱҲûǰɬѵĸоڻͨˮ
ĸо̫ˣ
ҾȻôʹǰ⾳ںϵżˣȻǲϵ򣬵Ҳƽˣƺĸоµ
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⾳ĶǵںϸǲʮǧڣѾںϵżˡ
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ĽܷѩͻȻǰ˵ŵ˵ڵ壬ڷ棬ޣ
ЩޣȻĳ̹ģѪ඼ܹͨأԳдԶܱȵģǿֱʹ֮
޵ʵҪ츳ѧϰУǱضҪе
ڣ൱ԣڷ޵壬պƷҲһһѵĿѧϰޡ
Ľ㵤ҩˣͻȻĽܷѩ΢΢һ㶣£Ľܷѩǹرʶ״̬ͻȻ֣صҩѾá
ˡ
ĽܷѩһָתȥֻҩıƯ֮䣬ĵػ۶·˿£ϴ
ָо٣Ȼ֪ⳤٻ̫Զ̫Զ񵤳¯֮ʱе
˵񵤣Ǳǧ絤Ҳ˲١
գӿԽԽ࣬ڵһٽ㣬Ȼ
ҩĸӱֱӳɣһŸ뵰Сͨɫĵҩֱɳ·Ҫƿطߡ
׼һļٶȱ˲ڳɳ۵Ĺ켣Уһѽץס
񵤣֣
ޱȹ̡صĸооԼץĲһҩһС˵ĺںˡ
ѾõˡԵ䡷ЩߣաԵ䡷صĹתأţĵӣӦûκ⣡
⣬֮ǰҲǲȱĹƬһ׹ܸ٣Ȼȱ̫࣬һµķ֣
ţʲô֣һ㶣Ľܷѩ֣صӦвСջ


1167 ǹ
ĽܷѩǣһССĹƬƯ
һǼƬʵûʲôرģǰڵ̯ϵĻѷ쳣
ĽܷѩһöǼмصĹءŶݼסǣйڵǵĹΪǾǼе˵Ǿ֮ǣܹԪһͨأ߶ڵһطΪԪ
Ԫһ̬ǵһ˵
ԪԪ棬֮ͬԻһԤУԪܣܹϵοܡ
ϵǵ𡭡΢΢ϧǼȱˣҪŪЩܣֻпԼŬˡ
ǣңԶ飬ڰŶݼ׻û꣬ŶݼеţǱѰ൱İ󾳽硣
Ŷݼǰţ⸽ĸԣǶսźô
ţλִ֮࣬
֮֮ޱʢѪ⡢ࡢ˿ԿѪֻ֮֮Ҫ𲻳ɣָ
ƺһ߷ͿţʵȻŵҪãڹ
Ѫ֮һʮ
˵Դʮִһ֮˥ѪʧζţԪֱ˥ϣԽԽ˥ֱӵ侳磬պһǸǲܵ顣
ܶˣᵼĽǰϿǺ춷ŮӵʦƵܴﵽ磬ȻΪˣ
źֻҪѪ֮Ĳһ룬ָܻʹպսУԶʹһʽǾǡȼվѪ
һȼվѪԴ֮ߵս˲һΣΣʱ̣һȼĳɵľѪתսֵЧ
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Ľܷѩʹú󣬾龧˰˷֮һʣµĲ֣ȫѪǹǹ顣
ݣ
Ȼ˷Ѫǹ׼ԼؿںݺݵĴȥ
ķѪǹƤ⣬߹ǣ֮УѪɽ
治ɫһְֻγѪǹһֻȻص˿У౻ʿĿӣֱû֮УѪںһ
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λദֱӰѳ֮УѪҺˢһų忪
ĵʹ˵ʲôǽţȴȻһ𣬷·һشصϣ༸ͣ
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ʱǰĽܷѩս龧ִҩػԵػա
ľ龧ʼˡ
Ľܷѩָһ˾龧֮Уһ𱻵ػա
ĽܷѩղƳʱģƳʮ߿Ѿ㹻ĽܷѩҲûжãµţػ˷ѪǹУ
Ѫǹ飬һϴƷʼߣպɳҲȫܹʤı鱦
ԭҩ֮о˵ػʱ䣬ںܿѪǹУû˿ͻĵط
񣬵绢ǹһǹԣǵһ㣬죬Ʋɵ
ϵǹԣǹ֮Уﾡá
֮⣬Ѫǹ̺ķѪҲ֮ܺõںϣ飬ã
ںϣ˳

һֱʣѪǹǹҵǹȻһɳ죬ֱ֮ܲУһʱ䣬ϵ˷Ѫǹ֮ϣ衣

ٶؼ䣬γɫӰԿЩۣǡצ磬
;龧֮󣬷Ѫǹ׽ˡ
ݣ
ѪǹӾֱ֮£ͬһ׹޵ٶĦ˾ҵıֻ¡һ죬Ѫǹɽ壬Ĳ£ҽӿ䣡
ǹ
۹޵ĽܷѩҲ̾
ʵڷѪǹƷ㲻ƷΪѪǹϲǺܺãǹҲûгɳ
ǷѪǹٴ֮ǹ֮бһ˿֮ԼԴǹ飬ȴܹġĳɳѪǹպĳɳռ䣬ҲԹ
ĽܷѩѪǹתͷʱȫһ⣬·ɫ޺һ㣬˲ֱӡ
ŵĿô׵ģóҲмķա
ĽܷѩùⳤᣬȻȵĽܷѩҪõö࣬ĽܷѩͲŻ⣬ڿԤеĻҪá
ĽܷѩĿ⣬·𴩹ȫѪ⣬ȼյ֮ǵһɽһ㣬졣
һĻĽܷѩǷһ˿ѵõ΢Ц츳ԭƵĻҪá
ܿǣھԪϵϵ֮ϣͬʱﵽ£֪պĳɾͣ׻ﵽʲôزĽܷѩţ۾ԽԽĿǣɾ
Ұļñ֪һ֮Աǡ
˵ģһĵһΪϣҲãϢڣĽܷѩȡʲôΣܲõǰʮǰ壬ѹ⡣
ȻΪ̫ԭȲῡܵƽ䣬ʮҡ
ˣˣˣˣ
ؼ죬ԽԽԽԽǿһʼһعģͬףÿһصҽļ
µɽ忪ʼѣʯɽϹ̳
һδѪ࣬ÿһѪҺĳˢ֮дߴȫѪ⣬ʱģڵҲ˶壬ԭ뵰Сĳֻʣָ׸ǴСˡ
ʱʣ೤Ȼѿֻ¡һ죬µɽֱӱ飡
һ̷һĳХХֱ죬ϵƶ忪ˣһ̣Ŷݼ׵šţڿ


1168 
ãܺã쳤Ц˿̵ֻоڳ˱ԵڷڵѪҺͬǱӿĴһ㣬ۻޱȣ
ϸѪܱӣûеʵһҲţУ濪ٵصľ֮ʱ廯۾£ʵѪҺͻ˽ӣ˵ֻǴ˵ҲǿѨ磬Ϊʱ˵õѪҲһѪӣӿϢ
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ǣ̹ģ򣻼ģͬҲ̺ѪҺں衢ѪͨԪ°빦ƤĤҲþĴ
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Ѫǹ
һѪǹͬһѵĴзɳһâϣ
ǹ֣ʱһѪĸо·һ̣Ѫǹһֱ֣۵졣
ˡ
Ѫǹ˷֮ܵоȫ£йͷ·Ҫըһ㣡
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ѪҺڣ
ҧ⣬ƳһھѪ˷Ѫǹ֮ϣԼɾѪһȼգ
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עѪǹ֮ϣȻһǹ̳
ݣ
ǹâռ䣬ֲХ֮ӿıף籡Ļ棬ȫһǹϯγɳɫľ޴У
֮£һǹе׻֮Ѿǵ֮ǡ٣
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ڣȼѪٻڳ˯򣬽֮˳
䣡
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һǡ
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֮Ľܷѩǰͬĩ龰ƻһ
ʲôһ㵣ûӦ
Ľܷѩ֣ص˵ɾʱ˴Ҳɹ˾٣Ϊ֮⣬ƿȻʵ̫Сִղ㽫ת£ȴһ˲ٻѾаѿ̵׻٣˵֮
٣Ҹղŵʽͬ٣һʲôʱᣡ
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ʽֳ²٣ֻʹ׻٣Ѿޱˣ
ִ֮ʵڲ˼顣
ԹŴܴ칦żãղһУҲԴˣǰݸ·ڻͨա׷硢硢춼ͬЩʽֻǴӻˣֻΪ㴴ģʺʩչֳΪУʵڲղŴһȴͬڷ߶ϣѾվ˼ߵĲΣͬĸ߶ȣδʵߣϵĸĽһг֮⣡֮֮ʽ䣡һʽȫΪĳΣ
Ѿɹ٣ȫһ㣬ʱԼ䣡
Ľܷѩ˵ƽԼе˼飬ԲȻ⵱Ȼǵľžɣ٣ķƬ
˵ĳΣһͬεĸоþò
ֻеٮٮ߲ܴ죬Ϊֹֻѧϰ䣬ÿһ̺Ĵ̾Ϊֹ
ǵĹͬصǣԳһϵͲԼĴڡ
ȻӲԷƱΪڸۺ츳Ѿƽ򶥼⣬һ䣬ȴ̾ĸоܾԼʽΪʵţаճΪ𣬿Դʽ棬ȴɣԼﵽľʱǷܴһ
û뵽ڣĽܷѩ˵ԼոóһбĳΣ
ֻ˵һУδԷչ䣬仹ҪޱңԶľ룬ҪȥŬÿһ䶼һķϵΪһ͵ڴһΪṩ㹻ĺ֮ôһд𣬱Ĵ񣡡
ÿһ䣬ƽѧһеܽᣬԣپҲֻܴһ˵ֻܴ죬εʱȴҲܴڱȽϵ͵ľ磬ͱڵ㡭Ľܷѩ˵ֹǲò̾ɾʹĳΣʵ̫ˡ
䣬ͬһ
һ˵״˵оޱ𺳣㹻ĺܴ֮һ΢
ջܴ󣬷ǳҲڶ㻹ֻʵϵѣڽõĺôԽԽ࣬ջҪŵջҪö࣡ʽȡһְɣƣΪĴС
áлָ΢룬·˵Ȼʽ̥٣췣֮ôͽþɣ
Ȼδ޳ɳռʽȡ֣ҲʵһУþĻǻᱻЦ
þƣԸպһʵĽܷѩ˵ţսȭͷһġ
ţʱ䲻࣬£㹻֮󣬳񺣣֮΢ΪǱأȥμһ䣡
ã˵ţҲǺɣ
һ䣬Լʶһͬ˵ľһῡܵļޣҲһԼȣΣ


1169 ճ
£֪¹ȥ
ΪʩչþڿյѪѾһǰָ˹աԵ䡷ļأѪĵԽ٣ָľԽ죬ĵö࣬ɣǿҪָܻĳɣǼţҲδȫָ
µʱ䣬ľ񶼴ﵽһ£ѾСС˱ıԵ
ӣԽŨҲԽǿ

ǧ֮УԪ۹γһεԪƣԪƵĵ㣬һɫɽ壬ɽɽۣϥ
ɽ壬ʮĸ߶ȣ߶ܴ½Ѿ̫졣
Ƭ磬˸߶ȣô޾ƣֿɼ
ʱˡ
ſ˫ۣվӿһƮ裬࣬ʮִͬʮԾһɽ֮ϣһһͷǺƺƳ֮УС
µĻۣӦʮĻۣӶʮɣڣѾʮʱˣΪһ̣
ʮ꿪ʼΪͻͽ߰ʱһأɣڼԽʮ硣
ڵľأȴռʮʱ䣬һɹһأʵʵһһӡûа벽Խ
ٶУеƫȽٶȣҲ˼ĺôΪպڷɣ˸
죬Ҫͻ񺣣񺣡䡢󾳽һŸС磬ƻű䣬ɾ൱ȥǻ֮˴ӷɱ䡣


ԽԽƲͬ©һʹգѹѹһƬƣ鲼Ͷµɫꪣɽ֮£ȴ޾ҽ𺣣ϵлɽ緢ҷ
ֽȡǧ絤ȫ۵˺ĳУа֮ŷ֮ѪȼգͬԪеҲչ
ע룬еӱŷĿĹâԽԽССǱ۴СңС
˵Уγ֮ıǴһСĵ㿪ʼģеĺ֮Ũһ㣬ըĴǧ磡
汬ķ򱾳ͬԴ
ǧ絤
оԼѾѹµʱȻеĴǧ絤
ҩ飬ҩķӡ֮黯˾ޱȵ֮֮Уȫյ
ʯĵҩѾܹʹõĵҩһʥصţҲõ
Щ֮ȫ뵽Уһ̣ӣڱˣ
ۻСӣϸСƣĵ˲٣
䣡
ޱȿֲķ籩ĳȥԲǧƲ㣬ȫˣ
籩Ű֮ȴʧˡ
ɽۣսӵĵطƾճһƬȫյŤռ䣬ʱ֮ռ֮ȫŤ߶ܵӰ޷ֱߡ
壬ͱŤռ֮С
һŤռɵļ룡
Уɴɵ񺣵ı仯
Ѿֹͣˣӿıף궯ҽؼԪɱǻȭͷС⣬ЩҪǳɫɫҲл̺ڰ׵ȵȱɫʡ
ԽԽ࣬ӳǧ򣬵ʮ޾ʮﷶΧӵǧﷶΧ֮䣬鲼⣬ԶԶȥһƬ߲ϼ⣬֮
ĽܷѩƯ֮Уǰ޾⣬Ĵ룬һصķĴӼͶӰ鲼ڼıϣá
飬ﻯСǧ磬񺣵ı־
֮ķ򣬶ԼһϵΪСǧ絽е
ǰƯڿеĴ룬編ͶӰ
ʱֻ̣ȴͺã塢꣬һеһУڼɱ䣬̣ҲҪһµµʱ䡣
ڼҲȫգĹУᾭħΪʶʱȫоħܻ̿Զֹµʱ䡣
߳ɾ񺣵ʱ򣬶ᾭħȻΪ޷ɹħħӰĻȴȫ»ĸȡ
ЩȫҪԼˣĽܷѩڴ֮ǰĿڤ񣬾ıꡣ
ڼУ·ϵӤһ㣬˫۱ϥһȫţӤͬǣӤԡˮ֮УڷĺС
һķģ渡˫ۣ·һлȻδ
˯еǷһͷɢĽʵı˫ȱֱ޳ÿһ缡ÿһƷ֮У꣬һУǱĬĸıš
У·ص˶ʱʱʱļ䣬׷ӿļ䣬д۸ӣ˳ң޷
ͻ䣬ڤ׷ɱĽܷѩ棬ԼҲˣ䣬ôħܱ¶ȫߵ׷ɱ֮أܴ½Ҳڤӵɨ
ֳǶе㡣
ħ޿ײ룬κˣֻҪִп־壬ͻᵮħĽħĲ޷ɹ
־ޱǿ󣬺ܿͰЩ־Ӱħȫ飡ͿԼɱڤӣɾΪĽܷѩؽܷʥأ£Խ䣬ΪبŲĴڣǧ֪꣬ãƿأƿֻأ֧ĸоޱȱ
ħ׷۷ִ֣
־ǿħʱҲЧۿۣΪ־ǿ׷۷ľҲǿħȻҲһߵǿöࡣ
вϵ࣬ϵѣֳ˯·˼Ĵϲ󱯣ͻȻȻһ·𿴵쾡ͷħħϿӰһֱĸоͻȻϮȫ֮Ȼѣ
壬֣ԼĵѾˣǻһСǧ硣
ǧ絤֮ƬСǧ֮УݻѾβ
ʱڴ֮⣬Բǧ޾߲Ԫ⣬ͻȻ񳯷һ۹ȫû˴֮ڡһʱ䣬ض߲֮ɫ
һ̣ĽܷѩȻ˫ۣ֪ʱ˿̣ڳɾ񺣣


1170 أ
ǣ
ǧ֮У鿪̤ʱѾһ۵İ£¹ѩʳ
ͻ֮Ϣԭ˫Ŀķ񶼽ȥǱ˵ǰһⳤǹôڣǳǹǹϻ֮УƽʵϢһ㾪춯ء
Сǧ磡
Ľܷѩ˵꣬һû֮УҲĽܷѩ˵ģԼСǧ磬ĽܷѩС
һת˱Сǧ֮УһƬֻпտĴأƽգ֮䣬ԪĿĵεţγͼ
ЩԪɾ񺣵һ̣յԪţЩԪŻ۵֮УΪ֮һ֣պսʱ򣬾ͿֱӵЩս
ǿ߱ǿʵǿһصԭΪսһΪԼ֧šһ񺣣ʵȻҲͻͽ
Ϊǧ絤ԭ񺣱ֱ񺣳ڣ񺣳ڶҲԶˣʵٶȣһ߿öࡣ
Ľܷѩɨȥܿ콫Сǧɨһ飬¶֮ɫ񺣣Сǧݺ˰һЩ񺣺ǿߵ绹Ҫ󣡡
ֻǱȽ񺣺ǿ󣿡΢΢һ㵣ƺ۲⣬ۺĸʵĻټϴǧ絤֮ԶͬߣһͷײĽܷѩ˼Ҳֻǳˡ񺣾ǿߣȻ⡣
Ľܷѩ΢΢һЦ˵㻹ôĴСԪǿѾϳ񺣺ˣһ˵Ǿ׿治̸ΪѾѷһ񺣺ߣôټķս顢䡢˫ޣԪȵһأǸȣѾͬˡ
ԭˡ
лԭϽ񺣺ߣҲͱ־ΪԵͬǣ
ΪһֱΪ׷ˣɱЩˣǲȲѶ١
ңǿ߸ȹ̣Ϊǧ絤ԭѾһ˿ʵԣһ˵ͬ磬ɵ֮Ҳ࣡
ʱˣǳذɣ
ĽܷѩͻȻ˵
ھͳأҪһ£ȹһΪô΢΢һ㵣ʱŹȥ˰ѣʱ仹ԣ
ҪˣڳȥһҲµʱ䣬·ϹΪ㹻ˣıʱ٣ϾԷ΢һӰ죬ҪʹʱûҪʼգھͳأ
ã
ͷһ̣弤һ⣬ֱƬصĳڡ
չذ꣬Ҫֱһ䣡

ôͳˣԤʱ䣬ꡣڵ۶еĻУһò毺õŮ޿һĵǼǲᣬ˵
۶еŮӴڵΪȻ츳ãòȴڣʲЩõŮޣܻᱻ￴أѡ檡
֪ҽ˰ɡ˵ͻȻһʵ֪¹ڵһʲôر鷢ô
˵ţһһСƿʹõĵҩͷɵŮ޵С
ŮʶĽӹûпҩʲôйҩжϳһƿҩĴżֵˣʱϲĿ񡣡ĻЩ죬һıѾʼˣһ䱨ƺɣϼȫͬ
Ŷʲôͬʵ
ŮЦ˵ǰĵһ䣬Ϊ޶⣬Ҫ޶ҪʥصӣƷ壬ʥǿߵĴˣǰÿλ䣬򶼻ÿʥطϲİƷţδֵܷҵʥϵǿƼУԲɢ߸Եμӡ
Ůһ˵һ㵣׹佫ɢ޾֮ƺƽӦҲ֮٣޶żĻôμӵ߿Ҫ㣬ôˣôű
ֻ÷㹻ƼԼŵӣѡˣмʵǵƽˮƽԶԶɢܹġ
ʵƽĶۣûɣûʥʦɢߣڵһȡ۳ɼĿʵڲߣֹ̥ʵҲʥسġ
кܿӹЩͷʵ˼ڱıˣ
ѽһλֻ޶䣬Ϊ޳ҲҪƼŶܲμӡ
ţһôɵǱ˻Ƕൽʢ£һЩΪոչ׼ῡܣ֪ȥҲֻǴҲȿֺȥʶһģ
ϾǧһΣøˣܲ룿
ж˱ʵ
Ů룬˵˵磬Ѿһűˣ뱨ֹڣʱ䣬Ƶʱ򣬱Ҫ
⡭׼ǵ֪ʱ򣬻ǵһ
һһףǧ磬ҪǧףټһЩ磬С磬ĿҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ң⻹ֻǰ±
ĵ˵һ俪ʱ˵һῡܣô˱ԣʵ̫ˣ˵ģǰһžۼһһƴḶ́Ҫ齢𡢺ҵٷٶ࣬֯ģĻ䣬ġ
֯ȥŪôĳأһˣһվ˶ط
ûв´ĻӦǾ͵ؽԤѡһһıȣԶŵ۶һѡʤߣڼѡΣһһֵģı֪ҪԶ֣⼸ȫƽϾеעƣеûжģηǸ⡣
ţʵǲҪôԶŵ۶ˣǲǾԶŵ۶бԣ
ʵòŮȴҡҡͷģ˵˲һԡ
һԣôܣоͨҲһɡ
Ҷô˵ӦôˣұصȽ⡭ν硣Ů޿϶˵
ǲ⣬ǰ쳹Զŵ۶ľ޴˵ԭǣº󡪡ǧһ䣬νУɺ־ٰ졣ῡܣԿɲμӣ
ν磬ĵôһţô֯
ţͻȻĽܷѩ˵һ˵ν粻ǧеν磬Ϊ򣬽硪ν磡
ţ䷨磿һ㶣˼ĿĽܷѩ


1171 ǧꡢ
ֻһֲ²⣬Ҳ֪֮ǰӦø߹㣬еٮٮߣǳأιһأ˵ιŮΪˣÿһҪôʵҪô츳Ƿһȥι¼ιеĴˣҪͿģСҵģ
ֻмˡȻһ򣬶ĸоǣģһϹŷ壬ǧˣϹ壬һˣ
Զŵ۶ʥ丮ʥأҲһӴþˣλԶŵ۶ֻһְˡ
Ľܷѩȴ˵ιһȴֻˣܲԾȻΪιԣֶ벻׼ȷҲԴ˿϶ιȻ١
һֻмǧ˵ιλʥأΪ֮⣬ιˣҲȻĴڣеٮٮߣҪ
Ľܷѩֵܳһ䣬ҺܳԾΪΪ˵͵¶棬ȴҪֵһ䣬룬пǡĴҪˡ
ġˣһˣ츳ʵ޷ƣ
˱䣬һףҲԴһף
һ·ɳԶõԴȣһڻ޷ȫ߶ħ֮⣬Ĳ
츳ԣǲ룬ΪĶ
һмһһһ̥
Ľܷѩü΢˵ͬ꣬Ȼǣ곤Ļ
Ľܷѩûм˵ȥˣһ䣬Ψһƽĵط⣬곤Ŀ϶ƣⲻɱ⡣
˵ģ֮ʲôսʮ֮ʲôսѾˡ
츳κˣ
Ϊʱ̣˵һǰǰûп֮ǰ˵Ĵ󻰡
𡭡֪ԪΣǶˣ˭ǿ˭ţ£ֻлԪ˲Żɡ
һ룬ԼǿҲԪˣȻԪ²»ħ֮УԼûеõ
Ȼе˶ֵĿ£ڵѪҲȼգȫʥ丮ǸˮƽĻһҲʵûʲô˼ˡ
пµĶ֣δ֪Ľսսڣ
μĿģΪһ䣬ΪŹУֻʵĶսԼսеõĥºͽ
߰ɣȥ
߳˵۶УһУĽܷѩѣʱоɸ֪Լܱ׵ķ֣ԷΪڶѡ
һġĸڵ㣬ҲңЩ˻ģһֱڵ۶˴£͵ĵҳء
Щ˵ΪǰڣֿƲʹȻǿˡ
侳ǿߣֿԹһ˳ȥһƫԶС򣬻ܵĻɫǿߣǾͲһˣʥ֮УıһְλңһƷţܻһϵ
Цһɵʱ򣬾ܻܽڣڿţֳɾ񺣣Ǿ͸˵ˡ
Щˣȥ
šͷЩǲ֪ߵغҲãֻʥ丮ܡҲã⣬Զŵ۶һд򶷵ĻȥһĽѵ
жĸ˱ĵĸˣǻ֪Լˣҡˣʵֻ֪ӵо˵ĲƸңûбģƽϯϣǸԼ鷳
ͲҪ·ǺƺƵ˳ҵˡ
ݺԶŵ۶Ǳһǧ
⻹ֻԶŵ۶Уһ˱㣬ֻҪ䣬ΪҪ󣬶Ա
ŵ˵⽫ʷμ࣬ҵһεһ䣡
ңĳ֣ҲΪεһһصɫʡ
ÿһεһ䶼˳ȷе˵Ӧ˳ʦŻһһ䡣
ˣ⣬һǿ߲⡣
ʵһһĺȴҪߣ
ǧʱģƽһǧ굮һһ䣬ƽǧ꣬ǧžһΣȻҲвţΪʱԭûܸϵһ䡣
ÿһεһ䣬һ˳֣ЩˣδҲﵽˮƽȴǧ֮С
𣿡
õĶӣֵԼվһֵϣ󷨷һ㵭ɫĹâˡ
ǲⶨġĽܷѩ˵ĹԪϢϢأһ֣Ҳνţסգס˥
𶼲ܼԦ֮ڣسɳ
ǡ
һΪŻ壬һ˿ԪͿˡǼǱһߣһ¼Ԫֶһ˵ָƣһӡ̣ȵϢǾͿһˡ
п֡ΪдŵʱȻϹŷ塣һ䣬ȻʣĪ˵ǰʮǰǰһҲĿΣĹעԼŴϵҫ飬ȻҪϹŷ塣
ϾϹŷ۷ӻǻʯԼжϹŷӡҲ·ɹ׵裬츳ԶԼҲû˿ʺżʵչˡ
ڶԼжģңĽˮ죬Ľˮ첻ܳڹǰңҲʺ̫ĹעȻܱˡ
򣬺˶һϢȷΪϺ󣬱˵һ
ݣʵڲʲôעģʥصӣ񺣳ڣֻеƫϵһݶѡ
ʱȴôҲ벻ھ粻֪Զһ硪컯磬һΪ޼̵İƷţ֮УȴмΪҪŮӡ
ǧ
һ꣬ŮѾΪȻܹٽ񺣣ҪΪ컯˲õʱ磬һʮʱʱ
֮⣬Ůսͻ۵⣬ңʱ򣬷ΪϹŷ֮Ѫ۶ɵĻӣǧ壬л˻ϵƬ԰ͻưɣ˳ɾ񺣡
Ůɾ֮󣬾ͨ컯˵Ľ򡭡


1172 ŵӵ
컯ˣ컯޼̵ĵӣ컯ˣʵ컯
ΪһˣĵӣȻҲ͵޼̣Ϊ޼̵ŵӡ
ǧڷ֮ǰĲµҵףĵ޼̵ʱȴ֣֮ǰǶѶȻǵ͹ˣ
ǧӣǱϹŷ壬ҲΨһ
ΪֻҪҵϹŷҵǵ޼̣Ƕ෬ϲ֪Ϲŷֳʮɢںü磬ǲ֪λĸ硣
һοԽУǴͷú齢ģôҪʯ޼쵽Ǯʮʯѣôܣ˶ܻܵ
οԽУҪ侳ǿߣΪڴ֮䣬˺УɱԽ֮ʱǼҳ㷹òŮӣǸ³ޱȣܱܿŮūǱ˲ɲ
£ǧҪҵʵ̫ˡ
㣬Ѿˣǡôȥôִ簡޼̵޻һصɫװûκλڵΣ۵һͷ˳˿һƴСɫţţߣţͷķϻµˮ飬ٲȻһķŮ
ʱһݣιһͷģޣһÿǣһѩ׵Ƥë
ǿߣţò󣬱޼̣ǧֻŵӣŵӲ״һͬʱԴҪ±ȽϷصͶ
޼һȽţңһȽϸԣĺؾʹã޼̵ĵҪ¸ҩιޣȵȣЩΪŴգ˲ܹųϺ״ӵԴġ
ûκΰ취ǵΪг;Уǻᱻ˳ԵùͷʣֻŬˡ侳һĻȥѰ
ǧһ˵ţһ߽ݳأһЩһ𣬵ϡ
ι޿ɲһɵĻҪÿ𴲣ϣ첻Ϳʼιޡ
Ů绹ҪҩҩеҩĲˣҪһʩչι棬һ鲻ҩһʱ͹ȥˡ
ŮҪι޵ĵڶٷֱǲ
޼̣Ҫֹ򣬻ڿΣҪŹ׵㣬룬޼ŵӣȴֻжʮڿγϣȻÿŵӶεġ
ǧʵܲμŵսΨһ׬ȡ׵ķʽǴͶŮĹһŮӶҪࡣ
ˣʮһοΣ¥һΣۿ˽׹޼ĵĴУȴѧġ
ˣҲÿѧϰ໥ۡд裬вⶼȥʦʦ㣬Ȼ̲޳ģҪ֧һĹ׵㡣
ʽޱ࣬Ǳ½ٶȿܶ࣬ΪԪ½ܱȵģοܴ½һԪ˵Ĵ½ܴ½ͻ侳ǲܵ飬ǧȻʲãͻ侳кܴϣģ䣬ǰͷˣִ£ǮҲܶ࣬ܲμսպȥѰпܡ
֪Ϲŷôˣ츳ӦÿԳΪĵ˰ɡ
ÿÿǧжЩôҲ޷ĺƴڿһ޼̣ʮǿߣǧǿߣ߰񺣵ӡ
޼̷컯磬ֻһСŰˣ컯ǧ֮һ
һǾɶ繷ߡ
Լܴ½ʱ츳죬ڣǧҲܻеϾ̫ˣδܳۡοţӦľҲпᣬϹŷ𣿻᲻Ϊ½ߵݶż
Լҹȥ᲻鷳
һ㣬ǧǵġ
ʲô룬úʱȥϹŷ壬ܳΪĸۡ
šʹĵ˵ͷ
ʱǧͻȻ޼乬ҩ԰ͭ죬ټҩ԰ŵӡ
ǸҩǧæеĻϹȥ޼̹ɭϣһٵͷأ۹׵㣬գһ֣ǧ궼ܲ
ѵҩĳʲôˣ
ǧһҩ£ǿǵĴΣ
ϵҩʱǧ꿴ҩǰĿյϣѾվ߰˸ŮӣǶŵӣһҩ԰ĻŮġ
߰˸Ů֮ǰվһ۵ĺŮӣŮһеλŵӣҲҩĹߡ
ǧҴҸŮҶüһ壬˵ŵģֲҩһ㣡
һ㣿ǧһͣ©һģΪҩˣæһԼֹܵҩһݺúõģòûʲôⰡ
İƳһŮӣȴһȻղѵˡ
Ҫ֪ǧΪ˹׶ȣҩǳϸģΨֳʲôӣСŪһҩݵĻǶͶһ¡
ÿˣŮһߣһ˫Ҷüụ̈ΪҩݾҪҩݿҩģôã鵤ϣͬųҪɼǧҩҩþζݿ¯Ʒľζ󻹵ʦϴ裬ٽһ
֪Ƕ¶֪ʲô켶Ʒҩκεҩֲһ졯֣˲õģɱһٴζⲻҲǰôģӽˣϢʱ䣬ÿеľҪҩ԰ϣÿһҩݣҪٷ֮һٶѪ
ûϢʱ䡭ǧһۣӶԷпһЩɬʵ˵һʱͻᾫ棬ûϢʱ仹ĲʲôǣЩʱ䣬ǻô
ŵӣϢȻҲûܸеĵģƷҩ˵ޱңԶ飬ʦֵĴǵ׹״еĵһˣŻѴ֮ӣͨŵ˵һ
鵤ϣͬųϣȻĴۣΪʦϴ衭ЩŮ૵ظţгĽĽ񺣵ӣĲôôأ
ߣ֣Ҳ޷ǧһεŵһ伴ʼǧ磡ʦ޼츳ĵӣ޼ָ̾ʦģ˭ڹؼʱӣҾĲ
ŵһ䣿ǧͬʱһ£һС㣬˵ûпܲμӣ


1173 ν
Ļǧһ㶣μһ䣿
пܣ
ǧ꿴츳ԣż࣬Ϲŷ壬ҲӱΪеٮٮߣһϹŷȥμһҲǼпܵ顣
μӵһĻԼǲǿҵأϾ޼̵ʦ֣ҲҪμӵһģԼĻʵôһЩͬ󲿶ǰֳģϾĴжҲǲһЩŵӣһЩ¡
ô˵⼸£Ȱҩ԰ãڷʦΪ˿̣ϲëǲܱοʲôطˣǱҪĺܲˣֻаһþƾǲпܣȥһ䣬Ͼʢ£˭Ҳ£ҲвҪģ
š֪ġŬĵ˵ͷ

ʱţһеԽԽԶŵ۶˿ûκιҪ̸ȥν硱Ϣ
ԭĽܷѩĲ²⣬ν硱ӦԴռ䣬ռжǾˣš
ʵŵĿռ䲻֣еֵǣʲô취ôŻ۵ν硱
Ҫ֪֮ľޱңԶһοԽУҪմŲƵ齢һҪͨЩҪʯһôҲҪʮϰʯǴţͲǮ
ͺ֯飬Ҫ齢ڡν硱齨ĴǸǲܵ顣
˵ˣھһ俪ʼѾֻһµʱˣô̵ʱ䣬ɿԽп²
ɻţ֮࣬ȥ̽һµһ䱨һ̽ȴǰզ࣬ھ뱨ֹջʮ죬ǹһ磬Ѿﵽ˶ףҲǧˣı֪ж٣ôһôɸѡ
ͨҲһƴĹ̰ɡ
ĽܷѩҲò˼飬үүʱιǿ󣬼ȻεһֵģͲصˡ
ȻΪͺһֳЦֱֻķʽѡĽ֮ǰ˵ܱȵùԪһЩԾ編γ֮ԴĶԪ𣬲Ļɷ򣬸оѾз߼ĴڣһԪⷽ裬ѾǷ켫־ռУĺ֪֮ʲô򣬾ȻܹԪȡ
ĽܷѩֻҵĲ²ˣ׼֮˭ǿ˭Ҳ޷֪
Ľܷѩ̸ʱͻȻңԶߣһĿĹâһһֱʣ
һĿȥǵǵλԶ뿴ɴֱۣĵǹǰ֪ж֡
ֻǿǹɹ͸оȫĵ𺳣·һɾ޴ѹԼϣЩĸо
Զŵ۶Զŵ۶ΪģʮﷶΧڵˣ޴ޱȵĹ
ֶĤݵĳ嶯ͷ·һ㣬ǰѡ
ĳ֣ʥ᳡Ĳçٶȴ
ѾǧͶӰ֮⣬вߣǰ֮ⷽԲķΧڣ󣬽Ԫ;ע֮⣬˯ʶξռ䡪ν磡
һº󣬵һ䣬νʽʼ
֮ﷶΧڣߣκ˲ɽ룬򣬻ᱻ֮
çþûصһʮûв´Ǻ
ظ飬󻺻ʧֱʧ֮ŴȫĵлָоѾһϸߵһЩˣǲЩѾڵˡ
ղźĻо˼飬֮⣬ԪϵУ˯ʶξռ䡪ν磿
ν磬ѵһʵ磬νξ磿
ţ˯ʶξ磬ξнеһ䣿
ͬʱǧ磬֮⣬ţͬʱ˯ͬһΣ
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ĽܷѩҲǵһ˵ԭνν˼û´ԴģξйصΪ編򣬴οռ䣬ͬʱţͲðǻξռıȶԴҲٺܶ࣬ǡ޷ֶΡ
䡭ţЩеٮٮߣȻÿоֶΣôĴˣϰ䣬ʵ֪֪ʲôֶս
ţȴսڣⳡ䣬ҪԭĸӺƴ󣬽Ҳ˷롣
߰ɣھͽοռ䣬οռ便Ǻε龰
趨йŴ׵ڣ⼸쿴Ϊ̫ţЩϰԵõĸԱʵ˵ʵС˵Ĳ࣬ҪҲǵȱе򣬵ڵ棬̽ʮڸϵһϵÿϵƽǧںǣҲȫһ׺ϵ⻹ֻ̽ģȱеۺ̶й֮޲ʺסΪǧ֮һô˿ڼ㣬ȫ˿Ϊף˿Ǻϣʵߣϼţдֵʱ򣬾ʹ¹һ£̫׵ģ˿ڣ˲μ䣬Ҳġ

Զŵ۶ţҲ֮ľ޴
ܿ죬Զŵ۶Ǿ޴·ϣۼ˺ѹѹЩˣеֻУеȺеĳǵأ飬ͬһ㡣
̤֮ﷶΧ֮ڣʱоع˸ı䣬ͺղŽһƬʱա
ǽ硣Ľܷѩ˵֮ﷶΧһ磬ҲǱ¼ԪĲߣ޷еģǿн룬ͻ˵֮ҲΪ˱֤ߵİȫǳ˯οռУ˶ǵǾˡ
Ӧǡͷĸ
һʼ磬Щű˴˶з֮ģû˸⽫Ԫע뵽֮УϾ˳˯ĻԼȫ޷ϴ˶֪
Ǻܿ췢֣Ƕģһĳ˽ʶϵ֮⣬˯Χ̾ͻγһ
һ֮ﷶΧ֮˿֮һﷶΧڶĻ³ܲң


1174 ξ
֮УͿʼ۲ΧĲߣҲȫǶţʵϣЩУɵǿռ൱һ֡
Ϊͺûй涨߱ﵽɣֻҪĳ֮ǰܴﵽ񺣵ģܲ
Ȼвٰ񺣣ģҲǰеٮٮߡ
ʵϣŵУ൱һǰɣϹŷʮֹ֮һķʮ˿ڵѡӣвٻӣ൱ŵӣǰɡ
ǰɵߣΪأ˴ʵҲ༫İֻŵӣһЩеĶţԽ˵Ϊ״ӣǵսľţй֮
ͺñȣͬǾɣɱһľǿߣֻҪһͷ͹ˣ֮ݡ
ȻЩİͬǿһȡʲôɼǶǾԲܵ飬ǱҲ֪һ㣬ֻΪ˼ʶһµһĺˡ
ߣܶѾǰοռ䣬ҲʶԪϵ֮ľ޴УоԼԪ·֮еĳַ֤һ£ֻ֤֮ͨһɾ޴󣬲ɿܵʶ꣬ȫž֮УҰһƬʣ
۾ʱһ֮С
ΡĽߴĳǽĽֵ
ǡ
һ㶣вԶŵ۶ô
Զŵ۶ôãǳǽͽϴοطٽ۶ĳģǵ۶еƻأ
ô£Լνʧܣͻˣ
Ǻܿ죬ͷʲôⲻԣǾǣԶŵ۶ԭڵȺˣʮֿտͥеĵ۶УҲ壡
òᡭ
Ȼʶһֿܣ֪ȥһʱһ
ڵ۶иȻۼ˲ῡܣǣȫһĲߣ
ңϵ˴͹Ҳ˵ﲻԶŵ۶ν磡
νģȻԶŵ۶һ
ԣ
Ӧ˵ν磬ʵͶӰŻֳԶŵ۶ģ
ܿʶЩԼԶŵ۶ν磬ľԶŵ۶ңôĲңɣ
ѵ˵ν磬ʵ൱ڰͶӰξ磬ν磬ҲһĹ
ʶЩһ𣬵һ˰
ˣҵĶ
æ֪̽鵽ϼ֮Уȴ֣ķѪǹҩҩȵණһ١
ħаѿڣ
壬ŷ֮Ѫ֮ѪŶݼףһеһУʵ˿
ֻǡĽܷѩСˡ
ħڣĽܷѩСΪʲôڣһԭˣħռ֮УСתħռ䣬һΪ˸ȫΪ˸Ľܷѩ飬ڣħúõģȴˡ
ֻһţͨˣԼɵˣڵħֻħξռͶӰˣħԼ˯УĽܷѩСҲ
ħռУ˲ʯȻһȥʯһЩСĿȴëëˡħռ䣬Ҳ԰ȫħռԼķ򣬲ǵԪܴ½µķ󣬻µ֮⣬ܰħռ⡣
̫ʵˣһжһҵҵĹҵʣͬҵ䣬ͶӰֱǲ˼ͨ
пţͻȻһ
죡Ʒʥôû˹ܣ
мƷҩؽƷҩôһޣ
ʥҩԶŵ۶İٱרöĵطˣǰֵطҸŶˣѽ
һûӵİ񺣺ЦƷʥɵĻ׹Ƕûһģ԰ɢ˵Ī˵ǼƷʥƷʥҲݳƷ
ЩҲֻ룬õҵҲ
ֵֵˣԭ֪Լ׼μӵһ䣬ո֣û뵽һ⼫Ʒʥˬ
ҵģ
ҵģ
Щɢ޳ĸ·ῡѾʼʱͻȻʲôٱҪҲҪ۶У
۶У׵ҩ
ֵǣȥ۶У
һȺ˳İǿǣ˵۶Уʵ󣬵Ҫѡ׶Ҳǿܣߴ󲿷ͨŶѣСطǺţƵģԶŵ۶ǾʲôˣԭЩԶŵ۶ؤʲôôܲȸԾ
һҲӿ켸˵۶С
ȻΪν粻ܳ׵ҩõҲҿ϶νͶӰδûЩνʵֱһģһЩ׵ҩҲܷӸʵһЧ
˻ȥȽϺãһ׵ҩôˣԼҲó׼ᣬһЩԴһʱʹòС
Ȼո۶ᣬȥͻȻоһӴû£ǰüǿֱӱˡ

һԵĸǿߣֱӰһȺں֮ɨ˳ȥһʱЩ˶ᣬп಻
ʵ࣬һ㡣
ĸ񺣣ֻǵʲôˣողͷͿһʮģݵ꣬ڵ۶еĳƷѡ
ˣǸǧ絤棡
ԩ·խҲ֮УȻѡԴȻ۶ˡ
ߣȻҾ˵ôĺ¶Ҫ۶õ׾ƷҩҾŪ߰ǧ絤Գԣٴ͵ʥڵĹŪԴ׷ʲôܸһ
ڳԣ˸о߲ʵԭ򣬳ǵ츳֮⣬ΪõԴʹĪ
ۺǧ絤ֳݳ޵ĵҩҲ£Ǿ͸˵ˣ䡣
֣Ϊǧ絤鹢ڻһЦűƿһŮŲ˽Ϊ׵һ췢꣬һ׳һŮʥ丮ܡʥƽʥơʥȻ
ǱѾҹˣ߼Ʒʥҩûг׵ģһЩͨ壬Сŵ˵Ǻö˵˵ҲΪˣʥƽ˵һν磬ǰС


1175 ʥ
ߣ㲻ҲһԴǧ絤ߵ鹢ڻоʥƽдĿķ
۶ᣬʥصĵӼΪ˴ǧ絤ȫܱһͨţҲͨʥسСӡ
ǲòȥľżѹƷȻûһܹǧ絤ôҪ֪ǧ絤ֶǽεһĶ磬ЩͨŵĵҲܲǼ˵ݳƷ
˵ǺǼٵģǧ絤һײˣõ޶ƸСֵõֱ˷ѣС˴ǧ絤֮Ͷ˵۶еֺһֱû취
ʥƽ仰Ԫ˵ģɱԽδ飬ȻĿŵ˵
ҲѾźˣ׼Եһһ̭󣬾Ͷ֡
ЦţԪƽѾź˶Ը˰ɣٺ٣ɰҲźˣʱ򣬾Ҫ˭õˣȤĿɲֹң
´ǧ絤ôȥһֱҲһ֤ȷʵôٲǽʥأ򲻻鷳
£óʯ򵽴ǧ絤֤ȻԵڻԵĴ̼£вҪϷһ
ʥƽԪʱͻȻüһвȻתȺеĳ
Ǹֶ
ղͻȻĸӦΪĿ⡣

Ѿ֪֣ĿһЦãã֪μӵһ䣬û뵽ôˣ
Ŀ¶ɱԶŵ۶ֺأȻܰôڣ
Ѿˣ
ʥ丮ʥȻͻȻ˵ʥ丮ΨһŮԣȻƯǴʱϵЦȴʥƽҲһ޶
ʣֺأһʱ٣񺣺ףҲζţȻѾѴǧ絤ȥˣ
ʥƽɫһɽ亣ζι˹¶˲ݣҲϴǧ絤һôȥģô³
Ȼ֪˴ǧ絤Ȼһʱȥȷϴǧ絤ѾûˣǻʮֵķŭͲģؽ´ǧ絤ˣһǮİѴǧ絤ǲ
³Ҫ³ôЦ˵һֻѾϼ䡣

мݺݵĴֻһʮ߰ΧˣЩʥصĵӣǲμӵһ䶼˲ٸ࣬Щ˶ΪԴǵῡܣҲ׳ƵСܣȻǸ࣬۽缫ߣܱµģǾ񺣣ͨʥУǺĵеϲӡ
ߵߣȳ棬ʱɫһ䣬׷׺ˣΨֱ꼰㡣
һ˲䣬һʮ֣˶Ǿ񺣣ȶʥš
һЦµĴĿ·ڿϵ⡣
С㣬ԩ·խϣ㵹ùԵμӵһˣҵ֪ξռô᲻ɥʧʸֱأ
ڴǶ˫˫ţ˱Ӷ䣡ôŰôŰȱŪˣ˭ŰеҶͣ
һ£ȻĥȴûóȻ֣ΪξռĹôģԼ¶֣һʧڿǰΥ˹Ҳ³ܺѡ
үİɣЩһ˵ĥˣһͣȤһкڵΪȴֻ񺣳ڡ
ǰΥʲôģҲû˵ܲܿطɥʧʸ񣬿ЩˣԭûȡʲôɼֻΪӴӣͶԸСආѡ
ߣ
Ŀһû뵽ֻһѰұ⼸ֻ蹷ҲգõȵˣھͿֺʱ䣬ͻڣٿţȫʹʹĴһ
ڹʲôģȻǶԷȳ֣ҲͷԼͷϣҲ̫Բˡ
һâѪǹʣ
ͬʱʥ丮ʮСܣЦ˹
ǵԪҪ𹥻ʱȴȻɫһ䣬оѸٳ롣
ҲԼѸţһ֡
ͨͨ
ʮСܾȻǱ˹ͷһĹϣˤһš
ʲô
ڳῡܶסˣüͷһ壬ףⶨȻνĹ£ʽʼǰκ˲öֻ֣Ƿųѹһ±ˣĶɱͻᱻ̳
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ڶǲˡҲǣῡܾۼν磬ÿǶаǧţЩԸ߰ķʲôͻֱ̫ˣܷȺŹ˵һʽʼʱ򣬺ܶ˱˴Уͺѱˡ
С֣ãʥƽʥƲĵ˵
Ҳ˵ġ˷Ѫǹ
ǣСܵ㻹ţһ಻ͨʥسĵӣȻôţǾ͵ŵһ俪Һúչһ£ʥȻǷһζϷʵЦݡ
ʥƽſʱͻȻһⲻʥ丮˫ôְ
ͻһ㶣׷תͷȥȴڷݽ֪ʲôʱһһŮ
һŮ޳ȳƣƤСɫĹüģӡһķţһġ桱֡
ŵʱʥ丮ܣͬʱɫһ䡣
ʥأ
ı飬Ȼʥļɵ֮⡣
ʥأˣǮׯĻƿߣ۶ж൱һַݶʥصġ
Ϊһĳʥ丮ܺţҲ棬ǣϾֻͨѣʮ⣬ˣ±ɶʥء
һ£۶ʱʥصĵһû֣ǶϵĶȤô²Ȼ
ԭʥͨǮׯ͸ֲҵ۵ļҵʵ̫ˣôΪεһ䣬óһЩĵرһʹõĻҲ飡
ǰֵһһŮǸ߰ʥƽҲη֮С
ɫһһŮֵʱһʱ䷢ˣǶ˵ٶȺͳַоȣˣȻС


1176 ħ
ûһʥؾѾǵһˣʥ߳ӣҲȻоη֮ġ
ʥصͬ޼ЦˣֻһЩСìܰˡ
Ѿ˵ˡǧ絤ǱһˣɡɫƤ꣬ЦſһһԸ߹󣬷·һ㣬ָ߹ġ
ɫɫƤ꣬ͻȻ˵Ϲŷ塭û˵ɡ
ȻгĳһЩ죬ܶڲĳʵ̫ˣһ˵ĳ̸ףʥؼʵҲˡ
֣޷ΪҵݣΪϣյ̫ˡ
ò޷ΪҵݣΪ˿ڣƵģҲǳ࣬һ˵ĳһƴĹ̡
ǡӵһõϣ˵ǶԼĳĬˣμӵһ䱨ʱ򣬰Լĳˡ
ɫƤߵŮӿһЦǵߵӣ˵һߵϡϢɼڱʼ֮ڴ֮ǰǽʥҲǲ鲻ģ֪㣬ΪʥسѼʥؼϣȻͨʥصŶûʲôвҲ˽һЩȽϺãԲҵء
Ů˵ţȴڳῡһҪ֪ʥؼǳ࣬ұ˴֮ǳԶעЩʥصϣ˵ģ鱨Ŀ֧͹զ֮࣬ϢͷҲҪĴʯʥؿԵõʥŵϣһӴ鱨֧ţ鱨磬ÿά鱨ģ֪ˡ
СӹȻֻͨʥسûʲôù˼ɵˡЦһϹŷȻͨʥﶥĴڣʥȴ࣬Ϊʥʵʵڲ̫ˣͨʥشӽʥ˿ֻعǺѵ顣
ٺ٣εһ䣬˺ͽʥضŵۣ˰ǰ壬ΣɽʥصĶžͨʥصĵӣֻĺ͵ʯˣƷŵĵӻɢޣĶ㲻ϣֻܵڻң
ʥƽŵ˵ڳӴСźɢ޳˵ƷţƷŵĶУʥƽĻǶʱŭĿӡ
˵㵱ΪʥصĵӾ޵УδҲ̫СӢˣǣ䣬˿ԵĴڣԵ󲻵Ҫڳԣ
һɢ޳İվ˵ɢţײ˴ԵҲ൱߰ģԽʥؼҲ䣬꣬ȻһдԵˡ
Ǿ֮ܣһЦţͻȻһץȫǽžžı죬Ȼһ̣ͷ·һͷ̫žޣ˲
ڳˣʱһַ·ҧס˲ӵĸо亹졣
ʱֻһղ˵İ꾹Ȼƺһֱӵ˳ȥصײǽϣ
ôܣ
ڳɢ޺СŵĵӶд󾪣ڱʼ֮ǰǲöֵô
ûˣǱɫ԰ףҲǲŵĿ棬ôģǲܹ
ƣ
ȺͻȻ˵֮ǰһЩں֮ڽеʱ򣬾ĸַɨˣξռ䣬ɱɱǲơ
ȻǷһ㣬Բ޼ɵĳ֣꣬Ǳɨˡ
վģôҲǶԼŵģҲӦйС棬ȴ˲
òɢԭֺ˼μӵһ䣬ҪЩŵͷϷɻڴҪ֪Ǵ˻Щܻ˵ҵ̬Լȱ˲ڿǿȴһӱģ򶥼ţǿö࣡
治мһЦڵϵİ꣬ЦЦĿһۣ촽˵㵹ǱЩǿ㣬ҵ㣬ȲҪʼˣ
ҲȲЦţЦ˵Уȴͷһ
Сӣǿôţƺ˵
ǿأװأ
Щ˵ۣ߳УѰһסԶŵ۶շӶǣֽȡһ׼󷨣Լס˷ڲܶԪ£һ򵥵󷨾ܰжˣƾƿƲġ
һµʱ䣬˷ѣѡ
֪ǣһиʵһģһôõߣǲҲܷӦԼϣ
ͻȻ뷨㿪ʼʵʯϣĿڤ񣬾֮Уһжʱÿ
ξռ䣬̺Щ֮⣬Ҳ粻ͬ
ûûͷûԵȥȷξ򣬵Ȼı²ܲξ編ֻҵԼһ׹ʺξռٶ졣
ǡŷԵ䡷ꪾһһ飬Чԡ
˳а֮ħ⣡
׹Ҳδ𵽲ƼյЧ
Ȼξȼһĳ̶ȵȻԶ
䴴Ҫǿ߰ľҪȻҲô򵥵ģ£ϼѡ
а֮ڣҲа磬һǾԵ˴׻𾫻׻ٶˣҲɾͰˡ
ħ⣬ǸֻչֳԪɽһǵѡ
һ䣬ҲһξѹƵġ
ҲУҲûиǿĹˡţͻȻһԼ֮Уħ΢һ¡
ţ
һħ
ħΪʲôᷢõħڣʼδʹħĽܷѩʹħʱǰ벽ʵ
壬Ȼ֣ħΧξռ΢Ťһ˿˿ӨĹƾո֣ħתλ߲
ЩĪ⣬֮·̺
֣ħôᷢ䣿ǻҳ˯֮ô˵ξռѾħﶼƵľ磿
ţܿͨˣԼ˵ξռУʵԼĳ˯֮УħҲСǧȻϵϡ
οֵħ顢ϿħֱǾħǡ񡱵ĴҲν磬Ҳγɵ磬ȻǸħģħıԴڡ


1177 η
Щ֮ʼϸĹ۲ħ
ħΧ߲ԽԽ࣬ԽԽѤãÿһϢı任һξԡ
ЩѵǡͻȻһ˻ʯϵ·߾֮
Щ·ʵһ籾Դ˶켣һ˵Ǿǡ
Ȼʶһ㣬һ
߲Ȼη򣡡
ʯΪʲô󣿾ΪԿγ֮ıԴ򣬲ʯ̣͵ڲ淨򣬶ƽʱ淨ѾںϽ塢ռ䡢ʱ䡢֮УҪǷ̸ףҪĹмߵԡ
ڣξռķ򣬾Ȼħֽˣ䣬ҲδŤοռķȴħ˾ķֽ˿
ķҲ׵ıƽˣ
ЩλޱȼЩʵ򵥣ǶתǴ壬ƣӵͼΣ̺¡
ּ뷱ӵϣ͸¶һλúгԡ
ҲЩĻǷܿһ˿ηܣȻʶһ㣬
ηʲôǿ䣡
ңһ䣡
ѧܽᣬпǡԪĻԪһȼĴڣ
Դڣǿηļ¼򣬸ûܹοռκζڣȴνıԴһԵ
뵽Щ۾ЩĿˡ
£ĴˣòԼֻҪ򣬲ϵᣬȥѧϰһ䡣
ȻĴˣⲻܱȵġ
õǰʮܹõһβĻᣬǷпܡѡ䣿
ţȴҡҡͷϣ󣬰յһ乫˵ȡǰʮȥУܺϯӵָ㣬ѧϰ䣬ҲǺеĴС
ǰʮ䣬ѾĪĶˣҪģ²ʵιأſеĿʵã
Щϧ̾һȻѧҪڣһЩȻǳ˵ΣǲһЩηȴѡ
ηɶѧľ
ϥСǧ磬֮Уʼչؿ
źԼΪڣĶţҲضã
ˣħѾηƽ⿪ҪеҲ൱ѵһ¡
ֱһµ磬µ򣬶ͨ÷֮⣬ھʱܵϴ񣬾ȻûһηĶ
ηȻиΡ֣ξЩűʵ𣬼ѧһ磬ķϵ
ĲħΧԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ졣
ڵ棬ӦڻʯʱɫΪء׾ЩطжѣŤ
ηʰ쵣ã鶯ãϱ任׽
룬ʯ̵ʵ˵Ǻ֮Ŀ̻
ηǡ˯ʮɫΡ
ܿڷ֮У£ʱ䲻ţתۼ䣬һ¹ȥˡ
һ£һҪʼӣڵһıʱһǰͽֹˣῡܻν磡
һ׼
һ죬ǧ磬еľ񣬸ŵĵӣ·ʦ֣׷Ƽص֮⣬ȴŵһĿʼ
Щˣвǲߵʦѡʦֵܵȵȡ
ʼˣҪʼˣ
ڳĿ˵أʯվһִλ֮ǰϹŷῡܣ¶ƽλ֮С
ӦҲμεһɣǲ֪һ硣ʯţʱǰ޴֮ͻȻһֱһľ޴вС
ͬʱǧ磬ÿһϿգֳһ޴Ľɫᡣ
ǿȣʮ
صǬͼչ¶˾ı塣
ǿᣬЩۿ߶е˾޴ѹ·һ㡣
쿴֣˺˷׷ȥȻھ֮ϣȻԿһɫ壬д֡
Щֵĺ棬ɣǵ䣬һĲߡ
᲻ϵչԽԽҲԽԽ࣬˺ֵŵ⣬кܶյĹŵӣֺʦ֣ûʦҲûɵɢޣǿհס
չٶԽԽ죬Ȼ쵽ﳤȣ
ʮﳤľᣬһ½ϵĴطֻҪ̧ͷܿᣬҲܿᷢĹâ
֮ڣܿд֣ЩֿСˣȴῴʵ߼ǵĶ塣
񲻹ǳģĽҲдˣǳʥأǳİһϹŷ˵
ǧ磬ţе˵֣д˾֮ϣϢֲľᣬ϶ֱˣʯ۾²ʱͬľᣬҲض磬ÿ綼У
һϣдʮ׸֣Ҫǲʩչͨддʮ궼д꣡

ʱһ֪С磬һСϣһͷ죬ĳ񣬷·һľһ㡣
֮૵˵ηͶӰİġΣ㽫һĵصѡν磬Ƽţɢ޲©η򹴻ģʩչֶΣΪԤеٽô
ľȣ͵壬ͬˡ
ʱѾˣʲôڸԻţ˵ҵĿͷͬϡήӲݣݣƤ޹⣬ƣҲմ۹ɢһɵȳζ
˥ı־
һǴ׳˥ϣ֮𽥽΢ݽ߶еḶ́ռ֮һ
򶥼ܣǧоŰپʮʱ䶼ݹֱʱ򣬻ᾭ˥ν˥ǣ·࣬ͷڻήҸºֱ࣬
˥Ҳζ֮ʼţҲ֮ʱ
°ǿµĶ֣սʤԹֹ֮ܳˣȴҲûк³˵ףˡ
߸пţ԰ձתһӵľݡ


1178 ɱʼ
֮⻯磬ɫڱʱ򣬰ν磬ǲçٶͬӴľ죬ص֮䣬ġ
ǧ磬һ䣬ڿʼ
ʼˣڿʼˣǧеĹڶмν磬вҲ񾭱ŵ˵εһ䣬Ǻܶ˶ԣһҪļʱ֮һ
ϵպӵĳ̶ȣܷΪ̳˵ĹؼһЩдԵɢޣҲԴ˴ɼע⣬£ǲܹԤѡߣֻҪǰֵೡԺǾ㹻ˡ
ҲЩźҡҡͷͿʼˣҵηոţУϧˣٵȼ¾ͺˣ
߶ڽ׼ʱ̣ȴͼƽ䣬˵ȥ˾°͡ǣĲණ
棬򣡡ٶȴ˵Ķġ
вߣνĳо԰ȫһ˳УǽԡʡЩʡν۶ɣ̬ǧٹ֣ЩˣЩ̫ޣЩ̬ǿʹ÷򣬵ЩвǻۡɱǣԻȡѫֵԹѫֵĶ٣жǵĳɼߵ֮ͣ󣬽еһ̭̭Ϊųɾţÿ磬ֻ¹ѫֵǰٷ֮һˣºڵһ̭ʣٷ֮һĻϣʼڶ̭̭Ϊųɾžţÿ磬ֻʮ֮һˣŸº󣬵̭֮ͬǰʤΪ̭Ϊųɾžžţÿ磬ֻʮڷ֮һˣ
ۻʱڳῡܶǵһ̭ʣ̫̬ˣ
̭ٷ֮һǧ֮һ֮һʮڸвѡһ
ʲôвпᾺˣ
ҲһһֵĿֲҲ򣬿һŲμӣӴĻʮѡһҲʣһǧ
Ǹֲ֡
Ҳ˼
ţٶ˵֮УиҩʹãսĵɱʣҲʻֱӴϻͲƷ
ͬʱɱߣҲõԽԽǿѫֵҲԽԽߣ
֮⣬ֻҪ˳У֮䣬Ҳ໥ɱ
ɱԷԻöԷɵξƷԼ㵽ɵĹѫֵɱߣһɸĳɵƷ͹ѫֵơ
һв߶סˣͬǲҲ໥ɱζֻҪһǣҪԡʡвҪԲߵвߵвҪһ棡
ϾɱʣֻܻһֻʵĹѫֵɱߣֱӻöԷл۵㵽ɣֿ϶ɱʻö࣡
Ϊʲô㵽ɣһ̶ıѵñĶٿ
Ǵеʡ
Ҳ΢΢üֹЩμӵһˣͱǡ
ӷɢȥɱʣӸıǵɱǵĹѫֵͿԿۻ
滹ͨʥصĵӣҴСܲ࣬Ҳǿǲμӵһôˣ϶˴ʮСܵģɱٶȾʮֿɹˣ
֮⣬һЩʵʵĲƸȫòƸһЩƶɢ޸ԼɱԭǴĲֵģŲΣֻμӵ̬ˣǼʮʯ
һĽʧȥ塣
ţɱߣùѫֵƷĶ٣Ҫɱߺͱɱ֮书ѫֵĲֵɱ߹ѫֵڱɱߣɹѫֵڱɱߣÿ߳һùѫֵ룡ɱߣ۶ֵĹѫֵΣʧɹѫֵξƷ
ԭˡлȻĹ涨ϿѫֵǶֵôֻܵõְٷ֮ʮĹѫֵıֻаٷ֮ߵ壬屶ʮǾͺԲˡ
ֱѫֵͱôֻ࣬õְٷ֮ĹѫֵɱĻ㡣
ºܶ˴СǵСҲʧȥãΪСܵʵһԶӣܿ칦ѫֵͻᱻ˦ɱǣõҲ΢΢
һСܱɱӻöٹѫֵС̶ܶʧɣֻҪɱһΣһ̭Ǿͻ֣𵽵øǽˡ
һΪƽɱ
һгɼȫʵ
˼ʥƽ촽ĸ߰ԭûס
ٺ٣£г𱨳ԹԹױĸоܺã˷ܵЦţԶŵ۶в֣ܶڣ˳۵ˣԽˣ
ڣһֻ䣬ʽʼһֵ̭ʱ㣬֮󣡡
˵ʧˣͬʱھԶŵ۶ʮңԶķ򣬴һ춯ص˷಻̫ͬž޵ŭ
ʣ
ֵǣʲôȥɱʹ죡
һȺ񺣵ĲҵĻţЩˣһɷʵڲ֮ǰְҵҲʮַǵĳ࣬һȺǼʺרЩ;еߣ񺣺ھͳǿȻмֱ£ֻվӢȱģֻҪﲻڣûܴѵģεһ䣬Ǿ֣
ϴ˵ǣֵıƷʥԵأһ˯ͷ
ֵܾͱȱȣһ˭ɱö࣡
һȺǼʺŸȥЩǴԶŵ۶мļƷʥԺ˵Ȼѵõĺˡ
һȺڶУͬɻһɳԶŵ۶
ҵˣǾޣ̫˰ɣһָŶϿ֮һȺڲĶɽһĶϢ΢ʵûʲôвԡ
Ӧǵͼޣ͵θɣֵǣɱǣȥɱ߼ޣ
ϴһ£ʮ˹ȥ
ʱʮֻɽģޣҲЩĺȻһǽµʯȻըѣʮֻɽ򻯳ʮɫĹ磬Բ˼ٶȣֱ

߰˸ײ壬Ѫɽ
ʲô
ѵĺɵˣôô
Сĵ㣬󣡡ϴ߻֯ǾˣΪʤʱĲҽУڶֳߵֵܣ˲ˣʮֻɫɽͬʱϴ
ϴ󳹵ɵۡ
ʲô
Ǻϴ˵һ仰һ̣ǰһڣķѣһŴɻԶŵ۶Ͷ̥ȥˡ
Щɽģޣɱʮ֮󣬻žžı죬ͷ˹Ǵ̣۾𽥱ʺ죬ϢҲǿڽ
ͬһĻطţ޵ǿ󣬳˵


1179 ѫֵ
ţö˵ɻˡ
еͲ˫ۣܸоһЩߵӳ˻Щν編£һߣ޷˶켣
˺ܶˣ޲öԸ
ûʲô⣬䣬򶥼ŵģЩɶˣעԤѡһ־Ҫ̭
䣬Ȼμﵽ׵ȴǳĹƽǿΪöֵСУֱӱ̭ҲΪ쵽ǰȥ
󣬸ǲᷢ۽ʥصţƽɢޣǧһ磬һϣ˭ʵǿ˭ͨԤѡ
Ҳпžۼһȣԭһɵ񣬿ȴ׵ˣұԹƽ
ɱߣޱ֮ɱǻõĹѫֵҲԽԽߡͬʱһЩɱ޵ľţǵۻѫֵҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ˵һʼȥɱУЧʺܵͣ࣬Ǻһ¡
ʶһ㣬Ҳôˣʱ䣬˵Ƿǳģ䣬ȵĳɼҪö࣬ѫֵʲôģֻҪܱ֤̭ͨˡ
Զŵ۶ڲϵݣǰ񺣲ߣǾ񺣣ҲһΣա
޻һΣͷǳ
ߣΪ˻òһɱ䵥ޣֹֻѫֵһͨ޵Ĺѫֵֻʮϣÿ˵õĹѫֵֻпҲ֪ʱ޵ʱǱȻ̭ˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣô̬ޣ˭ܶԸˣߺò׺ɱһͷޣֵ˵
ֿˣͲܹģʵǿһȺΧҲ꣡Ȼ֮ǰеŬ̫ˣһͷ˱Թ˵
ϴǰʱһԱͻȻ˵˶һʱͷƤ飬ǰԶһ֮УӰӰ´£Ŀмʮͷޣ
һսǺʮͷ޾ۼһʲôȺˣҪɱ
Ȼ˵νֻ壬ɱܸֱĳԳܣ
Ϣ
ͷѹƣԪ˵
˶ٴУСϢһĺˣǿɲ֮ǰòʮһˮ롣
ʱֻһХǰһһɫӰӳɭ֡
Ӱٶ̫죬Ǹûܿ壬ֱǺӰʮͷ޻ײһ𣬼ڶ޷ŭŷӦ
ǺӰһߣҿӰǸŮԣ
Ůˣ
ģǣ
ЩۿӰŭޣʱŵɫһɱǷŮˣҲҪŭ࣡
Ҫܣʱֻ¡һ죬Ĳըɣֻ޲ҽţը׷ɶѪɽǸӰȴͬһһ㣬ӯȺдһԷ֣ɭɭɵ޾Ѫɣֱͬոһ㣡
⡭ôܣ
ЩȫˣǺǿɱޣȻһŮͬ׹һɱҲ̫ˣǰȻ֪򼫴죬ˣǱʶȴʼվãԼʵȻ򲻹ЩʥصĶţҲ಻࣬ڣǵıǰĺŮ˲ˣ
ֻǶ̶̵ʮϢʱ䣬ʮͷޣȫǺŮӻɱ
ôݵվķѵĲʬ֮УȾѪ
޳ͷϴһңòԵޱȡ
ʮޣ֮ǰʮѾɱһٶһǧѫֵ֪桢ʥ丮ΣǸ˴ǧ絤СӡߣҪ֤˿Դ츳ʵҲǺ壡ȻǣƸǣʵǿԶŵ۶ĵһöˣ
Ůţһ˿˻֮ʹпԡ
ͬʱ棬ʥ丮ܣȫڼҵɱ
ǲóַ֣ҵĹѫֵֻҪҰˣԽԽãн˵ޣ
һŲһͷ޵ͷǹǣϹŵЦݣҵĹóȺҵҪԶŵ۶˭Ĺѫֵٶܱҿ죡
ˣ̽Ǹߴǧ絤Сֵ٣ûôҳҪúддνܸҾ͵һɱһΣɱһףҾƨ
ЦţߵһСܵүǷڳûأ
ţüͷһ壬С֣֪Ҫ鷳ҳˣ
Ӧǣ
治ˬɱܶᵽĹѫֵھɱҲûˡ
濴õıʽǽɱͬʱһŬΪУȴˣĿл󽵵͡
ߣҾͲˣɱޣһ־Ҫ̭СȻ˵ֵһᣬĵӣǰֻǿԵģҾͲţֱӱ̭Ҿ͵ţֻҪһɱɱ߰ʮ飬ȥ
ү˵ǣүģѾڳͨ˼ߣֻҪСһ֣ͻٶȰϢ㱨ǣʱһүԶ֣Űʹ졣
ãɵòǿȥޣҪ֤ҵĹѫֵλԶŵ۶ĵһҲҪͨԤѡҪȡǰĳɼߣ
ҰĺܴȻ˫һţҲ᲻ϧѪǧ絤һҩͲܸԡҪ֤Լ㹻ļֵгΪǱֻõǰ㹻ʸ˫߲ӣδһܾʱ򣬽ǰһǰǧΪ˫ĵһˣ

νɱݱĽţν֮⣬ĹȴڹעǾ޴ĽɫᣬǷ֣ڶֵλڷŸı䡣
ֵĺ棬֣һǧʮߣʲô֣˷֣λøıͬʱֺ֣һʼֻǵļģԽԽࡣ
һǧһʮһǧһʮЩֶӣǻиǧģ
Ī˵ǧģǧĶУƣܿҪͻǧˣңҸղŻֵĺճ֣ʧ˵ģ
ִʲôʡ
ӦǹѫֵЩ֣˹ѫֵôʱЩҲ˱Щ֣ùѫֵͲ


1180 
ԭǹѫֵ˵еΪʲôֺֻ˹ѫֵߣֺ涼հף
Ȼ˵ɫϳֵĴֵкܶ࣬Ϊʵ̫飬ͳʵֵǧ֮һ
ӦǲһǧĹѫֵͲʾɣ𣬽һŵĹѫֵ仯ȫֳҲɣ֮ǰ֣ʧ˵ߣӦþֹѫֵչһǧͱɱˣѫֵŻʧ
𽫲ߵĹѫֵ仯ֳȻǿҲ޷ͬʱֳôŵĹѫֵ仯
ǣνط
һгΪηһ֣ȥͳƣôֻҪṩˡ
ԭô˵ھڽɫֳѫֵˣٮٮߣǽͨܿͨһ֡ڶԤѡ
Щ˵֣Ҫע⵽ˣǹѫֵЩˡ
䣬֪жۡ
ȻǺܿͷһ⣬ȻܹвߵĹѫֵǺҵЩ֮ǰʶעˡ
Ͼɫʵ̫ˣʮʥҲûа취ʶɫϣ㸲ˣ޾֣Ҳҵ͸֧
֪ôˡ
˫΢΢üǶǰ벽ʥΪӼһȽҪǵҪҵʵһƴĹ̡
Ȼ˫ҵ棬ɽȴûôйԤѡһʼսҪעֻյܾѡ
ڼϷʱͻȻһɫգ֮ϣȻվһˣһ»ϽЦݣһ֮
ţ۶еĸ
һ˫һϳˡ
λ˳Žɫ߸ڿУ䣬˵ע⣬Ҳ״˷ԲʮﷶΧΪȻǰ벽
벽ǿߣѾǷԲʮ֪ڹжĴڡ
˶Žˣ֪Ҫʲô
΢΢һЦ˵ҵ۶УȨ̽򣬿Բѯߵ֡ɣѯߵĹѫֵʹôƣÿһۼһǧʯޣۼЩߡ
˵ţóһ
ССֻƿ˼򵥵󷨣ϵνͽɫξͶӰȴҪһǧʯ
һʱ䣬ڳɢޣСߣǰզ࣬۸񣬴Ҳ𣬶ֻΪһ۳ɼƷѣ̫ݳˡ
ȴں˫һϹЦʷˣãϷҲ󱲵ĳɼҪһ顣
ãһ˦һö˫ϣͬʱһöװʯĽָҲɻ˽˵С
һǧʯһǵ۶ֻܳȡʮ֮һĶҪϽʵЩ򣬾ιĵģȻ򵥣̺һ˿η򣬱졣
һ䣬ͶӰ֮⣬֧νת֧ǧڶ޴ޱȵĽɫᣬҪĿֲ
ҷ񲻿ɼҲװģʶҪӪյֶΡ
ۣͬǧÿһ޴ɫ֮¶У۵ģһ綥ļ̻ᣬģҲǴ
ҵˣ˫棬ǧٹѫֵȻңңȰ
˫õ֮󣬾̲֣Ȼ϶Ҳģ̫࣬Ǽ˫֣Ǿʹˡ
滹ߵģʥأ˸ߣһѾǧѫֵˡ
ѾܲˣͰϲϢ׼ȷ棬Żγȶĸ֣ĳɼ
ͬʱʥ丮Ҳ㹻ʮ˵֣ʥ丮ܣȫУǵĹѫֵǧҵӡ
Ҳʥ丮೤ϴΪ⡣
ʱ컯磬ͬо޴Ľɫ֮Уɫ֮£һ޸ˣҲ
һǧʯ̫ˣ
޼̵ĳüֻǰƷţһǧʯõóֻΪǰ֪ɼͻȥȴЩ᲻áƫƫŻѴڱ֮УҲе֪ĳɼΡ
İƷźɣЩݳޣ޼̵ĲƸµӹ׬ģԣ
ԣ򡣡
޼̳Ϻܿ뵽취ϵ˼õİƷţһξ
Ȳ̽ĳɼ
ǧһʮɼǡ컯һ֮䣡
ֻǰһξŻʾɼģֻʾһŵķΧ
һ޼̵ӷ׷ţȴ֪ʲô
Ԥѡǲˡһ˵ţֻ컯򣬻ҪǧԤѡĳһǧˣƽһ磬ʮǰͺֵˡ
ЩҲ൱ˣǲһƷŶѣʥؼţһܳߣͨԤȵģЩʥؼʵнӽʥصĴڡ
޼̺ʹİƷҲ׷̽鵽ԼŵĳɼԺ󣬲Ȳ֪һȾԳˣȻңңȡ
ʱ޼̳ãźӣ⺢ӣܺðûа
ǰҲպܵ벽ʥأ
޼̵ĳǶǴ⣬ҰƷŵĳϣף޼̵ڶеӣҲһƬڡ
е֮УǧꡢȻС
㣬򡭡С˵
֪
ǧҲھᣬֻҪһ飬ܲ鵽ĳɼֻ֪ûвμһ䣬еĻһ磬֪Ĵ磬ܿ϶ڵķֹʱȥ׶ˡ
Լŵӵݣʵ̫ͣʮŬĹ˾ζ󻹵񣬲źòȡеӵۿһ䣬ֱ볤϶Իȴȫûʸ
ҧҧǧ껹߳һ˵ϣһ󡣡
ţ̵ĳϿ˹ǧͻȻŵӶվʮֵͻأ
ֹŵӵڷʱɫһ䣬һ˫Ҷüǧ꣬㶮أϽȥ
̹ɭϣǧϵĲãôΪֹܵӣܸ²õӡ
죬Ϊĳɼ̳ϵȻûмƽǧ񣬶ǰ˰˵ʲô£˵ɡ


1181 
ллϣǧ꼱æл
ڷҧҧݺݵĵǧһۣʲô£˵
˵꣬Ԫǧ˵ȥʰ㣬ԽԽûûСˣŵӶôͻĸ˵ʦֵĳɼǰ鲻ãһù
ڷô˵Ҳʣͺñڷ˽磬Уո٣ûȴʮ壬˾ʤˣҲҪǧ
ߵ磬һ𱰷ŵׯصĳϣֱΪ£ǼΪ
ǧ˲ڷвĶ޼̴˵سϻӵķҲڲμһ䣬ϣܽҵϳȫ
ǧ˵ʮֳϿңüһ¶֮ɫŶķҲڲμһ䣿Ǽɵڣ
һҪΪҪģٶȶͬеĶΣһ˵˵츳ˡʵϣһĲУʵģŵ޼̶ŵŶ⣬ΪĵҲԡ
Ϊ޼̸߲ǳ־ܶһĵӣȻǺ£ǴϾͶ˰յ޼̵˼
سϻӸֿ֮ʱֻɣǷ츳ߣӦ˳ɹ˾ɣ
ǧ겻̫˽ɵʲôǿ޼̺ĵУҲжʮɵģܲڱǲġ
ôֻЦЦȻûǧƲ⣬ǧֻ½ķߣô֪񺣵֮ĺ蹵ŮԣԼǿġ
ϲΪ˵ȻˣҾͰңҵˣҲ޼̣Ƿžۡ
⡭ѾˡǧΪѵ˵
һ˵ڷȴŭǧ꣬ô˵ģǿǣ㻹лֱʶ̧٣
޷һ֣ڷĻ޼̣Ҳһ˵ĵӣһЩȻǺõģûҲ̸ʧȻ˱ţҲˣʲôţʲôҰһ¡
ǡϹŷ壬
Ϲŷ壿ǧĻȻһ㶣·ҭˣǸڷǴһ£ȻʲôٿǧĿЩͲȻ
ǧĶʥػ൱ģߵļҲãʥأЩ˽⡣Ϲŷɱ޼ǿɰǧ
Ϲŷӣһμ˵һ䣡´һǧ꣬ʥһֻѡǼΪɫĵμһ䣬ɳǧ˵ģôķϹŷУҲ൱˲ˡ
ȻвôţǧĿ⻹˼֣Ҳºˣȷμ˵һ䣿
⡭Ҳֻǲ²⡭ǧܿ϶ţϹŷҪѡӲμӵһĻӦѡϣ
šҲǣǷֿˣҲ̫˽ɡҡҡͷԼղˣǧķ˵ֻϹŷŵӣĻ㲻ʲô
ǡֿˡǧҲЩûˡ
ҲûϣʼѰϹŷ塪
һ̣ǧĶȫעĶŴеĵʱ̣ǺҲҲʵֿܣһΪϹŷ츳ûܲμӣǧΪֿԲǺܴ󣻵ڶֿܾǡ⣡
ޱգֲʱɣǾһֻϣŵĳɳǷǳпģҪϵľվȥѰһԵһʲô⣬ǧֺ
Ǳ˴˶û˵ֿܣܲģͺñȷ˽Ůӵ֪ɷ·ϵĸʺСҲĵҹߡ
ҲֵģʹǧҪһֻǵ͹ҵѶȡ
СС򣬴ʱǧΨһĶʱ·һ̷Żˡ
ţҵˣ⣬¶֮ɫ
ǧʱдϲ
ȻμˣҪǣζƽ
ǧоһᣬʱеʱ䣬ѾֿʮˡʱйĵĲĳɼϹŷῡе츳ֻҪõϢˣ¼Ҳһ롣
Уѫֵ٣޼̴ߣʵ֮ǰߵȻ֪û̫⡣
Ӧûһǧѫֵûʾô˵ţеһԽУ޼ɳĵӣ֮⣬ĵҲۻһǧѫֵϹŷĵӣҲȻвʾѫֵġ
û뵽ΪʥصϹŷҲǲĵѽЦЦ˵ţΪ죬ûѹΧƷŵĳȻҲˣԴˣҲû˵ʲô޼Ǵ⣬˵ʲôûá
Щ֣ϹŷĵӲڳ硢Щطμӵһôô硣
ͲˡҡҡͷҲЩС£Ҳǧ꣬СȻϡ
ǧʱ򣬸û˼ĳɼϣڵĳϣͼıһˣֻŶԷ֣Ǳ˴˵顣
ǧ΢΢ʪۿڷﲻмһЦԪڸ˳𣿲֪ĻΪǷǰأȴѫֵûУɪʲôңǷ磬컯磬˲֪һ죬˺ããȥˣⱲӶˣҿǲҸ˼Ҽˣ
ڷܲԼµĵӲ̣ܽڳǰ˵Ӱּǧܼһܲμһ䣬츳ﵽ޼̺ĵˮƽߵķ㿪䳰ȷһʱǧһһҲʶķֿˡ
ǰ˺ããмǧǿգҪ̸ףεһǾͻٴʧȥϢҵĸʣڹУѰһ΢
ãģ֮ǰѾôҲŬ侳кڣǰǵķ򣬻ǵĻۣŬһЩϣģҲ»صܴ½иഺȴ
򷵻½ĲƸģԽҲ࣬侳кڣǿɣңܴ½λлԪµĽ粢ķߣҲǵӲ²ģϽû취ܴ½ʮˡ


1182 
ν磬ʯ֮ϣһѾʮˣһֱڲη
һʼʱֻħΧһСֿռַЩɫѾչ߿ռ䷶Χڡ
̤ӣͿԿλð·ɣͬһ߲㡣
ʱеȻ˫ۣһ̣üĴŷĿ⣬⣬֮⣬ͨ귨ǿģǼ㿴ڱ֮һ˲䣬ǵͻᱻˣǿȲôֱӻҷ
գ
ͺһǰĳһ߲·ͻȻĳǿסˣȻǣŷûü֮Уγһλķţڲϵı仯ţսƤ֮Уʧ
Ѿ˾֮󣬲˼һĻӡ֮ϣγһεӡǣӡǵΧƺһ߲ʹʮ
ڶģӡ˵ڶηģη򣬹Ȼڲͬƾɣϴʱ򣬺ųܹзϴ񣬵ˣЩģҲֻӡڹͷϣγɹģѪ֮СûӡϵģǵһΣ
Լҫӡǣĸпη򣬸Щ񹥻깥ķűʵĲͬѹͲһϵĶЩ򣬴û˵·ӡġ
ʮʱ䣬ӡģħֱӿ˶켣ѣûħʲôǳ˵ˣηѶһһҪǡһ֪һ׷ôӦõսС
򵽷ɣҲδܹ̽תսҪһνĹ似Ȼħǲ֪ηʲôһжҪԼȥоͲ
룬˵ιϡҲΪη̫ѧˣһʼѧϰηҪͨηĴְֵḶ̌ĴˣָģѧϰȻԵҪޱȿ̡
ʣʮˣҪƿ̵ӡѾʱˣһҪ׬ȡһЩѫֵǿϧµʱ̫ˡ
ʯһԾ£ʮʱ˵㹻ˣЩȻһֱҲܸоÿ죬дߣǿ޵צ£ҲǱɱȻʱ䣬Ѿ֪ԼͨһԤѡûκϣҲųȥʶһ£Ʊػᵼ޵ĵȼԽԽߣЩֵۻѫֵҲԽԽš
ֻҪɱͷ߽ޣɱһ߹ѫֵĲߣһ־Ϳͨ
ţ߳Զŵ۶ʱ䣬һ߳Զŵ۶
ųĿһеһУʵ޶£һθпֶΡ
Сӳˣ
Զŵ۶⣬һ֣ʱߵע⣬˶ǰڣ֪һ־ͻᱻ̭Ҳȥɱޣǽµڳſ硣
һ֣Ǳһʱ䷢ˡ
̫ˣ£û׵ȣСˡ
ǵʯܵˣμһûջ񣬵׬ʯҲСıαˣʵֵ٣
İɣϹܾУҵǱطӰ١ɲǰģ١ӣ֣Ҫǿ£ǻأ
ԪٵĽţĿȴûпǵļֶҲǸǡطģΪ൱ء
ˣȴǵһʱ䷢ǣʵʵ̫ˣͨٲη
°ͣǷһζĻȣԼѫֵأڿҪѩ̿ˡ
ûС㣬չͬһƺһ㣬һƬ֡
ȻٶȷŵúСܻǸٵò
Сôô죡ϵǵġӰ١ˡ
ϻȻ֪ҪɱȻǾͿ񱼣ʵǿȻٶȿˣƬˣ޲٣϶ͣһ
ԶԶĿ֣дϲæͨϢ
ʱ֮Уͷޡ
ͷ޶ǱӵΣǳ֮
ʱУȴͷޣǷֽ
ɫûʲô󣬱֮ǰηࡣ
ЩȴȻһЩ
ԭޣνޣν۶ɵģЩԭεν֮Уһ𣬱ЩԵĶһ˵ЩԱΪǡԪ
ȻͨˣνޣʵԪһµġԪûʲôԣȴɱˡ
磬Ԫܹ
ν磬ɱеҲ
ǰǣҪͨη䡣
ԭԾͼߣڸħƽ⣬ѾĲµһݡ
ǾǣνɱޣеﵽǿԼĿģ
Ʋģô൱Ǵһ䣬Ȼÿһֶ˲
а֮Ԫ⡢ηÿһֶޱȣ
ʶЩηޱȿ͸еôν߽ܿ˱ʵ
Ĳߣֻս飬Լȴȫλߣ
ʱȻǰֻɫӷһƷԼ˹
治ɫǣҵƷɡ
ָһֻע˻ƽսԪ˲䶴ͷ޵üģȻһҽˤ˵ϣһš
ֻ޾ôʧˣɵɢУЩĻɫɵġ
Щɫ֮ǰħֽ߲ͼࡣ
Щˡ
һУξǣ֮£ЩԹԵûڣУӡǡ
ӡǣˣ
η򣬹յЩȻʻǺܸߣѾȷţȷʵΪԪһٶҪ첻١
⻹ֻɱͼޣɱЩأٶǸ죡
ŵʱ򣬶֮⣬һϿ֮У䣬һͷޱһնΣѪҺ䣬ɱЩ߼ޣҲҪ΢һЩˡ
үЩ̽ӴϢǸߴǧ絤С֣ڳˣ
ʱһСܹ˵


1183 ڶ
˵ʲôǸߴǧ絤ڸҴڹ̽ԴˣϢ¶ϷʵЦݡ
ûүҵˣȻʵߣǸټʲôģԿףСڹڳǽɱޣ
ãɵòˬҲǣˣСڹڱﲻסˣ֮ǰҳǣڣһ̭ϾҪ٣ȥֻ̭
Ȼˣǲȥڹͷ˾ͶԲˣȻɱҲûʲôѫֵñ죡ЦţЩ죬һֱɱޣһǰʱŰɱҵӣΪɱǻõĹѫֵɱ޻Ҫ࣬ʲôӶܵĶпеأ
ǺĹѫֵԽԽߣɱͨĲѾûˣǿģҲЩɵܾˡ
ˣֻɱޣɱ޲ܹѫֵжߣû
ʵ̫ˣɱ£оͷ϶ˡ
ΪνڿҿңûаиĳɼѾ˴ʮȻ˵ǰĿ꣬ʮңԶľ룬ʵѾ൱ˣΪкüʥأ֮⣬мͶյͽܣľͷʥء
һĵʮѾĿĳɼһɢ޵õɼĻѾע⣬һЩʥأῪ£
ʵϣʱھ޴ɫ֮£˫ĳϣӼҵĳϣӼҼЦݣӼҵĽˣܱɼǴǰʮĺóɼĳɼվУҲҪŹʵġ
ǰ;νһƬâɾͽһЦ˵
ǺҰɾͽϣ̫ãˣɾ۷ʥ벽ǿԵģȻ֪ǹάĻӼҼǺܿġ
ʱԶŵ۶֮УͬһֻýԱһӯĴţһš
ݣ
һעսԪһͷͻģޱһʺɱɾ䡣
ͻ̻˴ЩƮ˹ָ֣еâҹеһ㣬ͻɵ˵ɫűֱյˡ
Щɫξ½ľ֮Уеӡǡ
⻢ޣǱ޵屶ùѫֵҲ屶һٹѫֵǱֻǶʮѫֵѫֵıʣĵλ
ܿˣʵεһһֵıʣǿ˭õξ࣬ξ۵ö࣬ѫֵȻǣһжξռķ֮£Ҫȥ㣬ʡʱʡ
ֻЩηˣֻξӳԼϣû취ν뱦ɽȴֶ飬̾
뵽ҲԵĸлħûħǳ˵Σ˵ֻԵˡ
ħһϧҵڶ޷ƿħҪĽ֣Ľƫƫֻʣ塭
ţʶ뾫֮ΪԼʵȷʵߣߵٶȣҲ֮УϾ䡣
ڣֻоŰʮѫֵɱһͷޣǧˡ
ţͻȻоԼǰԶһͷͻεޣһҵļһɳ۳ȥڻ޷Ӧ֮ǰһ£һ죬׵Ť⻢޵Ĳӡ
ѫֵǧ
ʱֻþ֮ʲôξ⣬˲佫ⶫоûж⣬Լľ֮УһͶӰ
ţ̽鵽ҵˣЩ⣬ѫֵǧ֮󣬾ͿԲѯò֪ԼǲǱ̭ıԵ
ϢͶӰǣϹŷѫֵһǧʮһ֮޷ͳƣǰٷ֮һ޷ͨһ̭
ԳЦЦҵġ
һڿģͳƣǹ磬ײߣǰһڵһ̸ף
û뵽ν绹ʾǷͨһ̭òиǺԻĹ
ʱڳɫ֮£һ޴Ĺ߸ڿУ⹬һһԤѡҪŸµʱ䣬һЩĴȻ¶ޣóϢ
ʱ֮УΧ˲͵ĴǶǶʥسĸ߲нʥصĸ߲㣬ȻλߵΪҲǰ벽ѣĽֻܾ
Щ˵еһˣϹŷ̫ϳϻʯ
ϣʦܡʦܵĹѫֵڶˣϹŷ壬һڻʯУһ鱻ŷʮʱϵĶţ鿴Ϲŷÿһߵ仯֣ȻͳС
һʼ鵽Ҳμһ䣬ʯ൱ĸˣǰϹŷǰ׺ûʯΪ⣬͵Ϲŷ峤أ
һֱʽʼ󣬰ʱʱȥˣ˼ҶǧĹѫֵˣȴû
ʯԭΪĿأм֣ǿһˡ
ǻʯĵĵȣһ˺óȥѴһ
һȣһ죡
ʯˣĹѫֵǰ㲻ûʾ
СӸʲô
ʯȻ֪õǣ֪˾žɣܾŴ٣ĵǧ絤š
Ǽ㲻ЩƾŷǧնĳɼԤѡ߾Ѿǰ϶飬츳Զ¶һ컹ûж
ʯðɣʱʱĲ鿴һĳɼ£һûа㷴Ӧ
ֱڣڳһ㶯ˡ
Сӣ㶯ˣҪͷôʯֵģһһСӣͷһһǧʮ
ʯˡ
һߣ
ʯڱˡ
СӣʲôãҾͲţˣݳɼҿʯ벻ͨȥɱлܸʲôξռ䣬ֲʵռ䣬嶼ûУܲξռɣ
ܸʲô֪Լܹװ˯
ʯ㲻СӿɶҪ֪ԻʯƢֻҪһȥ˭Ҳ׼˵ԼҵĲǣ˵棬һԼ˴ţƵģû֮һ
ʼ֮ǰʯĺҲȥˣôһһѴžž졣


1184 ˭
ôֶ֣жѽһɫųĺ룬ͷϳһǵЦе˵Ϲĳϣʯ˸ţЦ
޼ȻһһĽʥضһĴ˴֮䣬кܼҵľϣԼĲܸǹ壬ȻʵôÿϾռϷģϹ塣
֮ǰʯҲμһ䣬ټƽ¶ͷʱоϹŷüʱ̵ˣʼţƺЦǰش
ûкˡ
ʯƻ𣬶ЦЦģչĳɼȻζ
ҲµΪĳԭһʼû֣ɼǳɼ˵ˣһʼˣȱܻһ㣬׷ҪŬȻһЩѱȹϹһԭһǰһԶ油һ
ϹĳɼһΪʮ¶֮ھʮߡ
ʯֱûЦߺߵ˵ĳɼֻǸտʼأ㼱ʲô
⻹дµʱ䣬ֶ̨Ǻԣֶ츳ôһ̭˳ͨѽǸһȣеԶţ
ЦܼЦţ֮ǰʯǷų˵ɨһƵģȻҪˣ̵Ĵֽóһ򣬲ʯĿ⣬ʼĳɼˡ

ν硪
ݣ
һ绮֣һͷޱеԴ
ɱ˼ʮˣѫֵе٣ûǰٷ֮һأ
ô̵ʱڣɱɱٿ죬ҲȲɱµĻۡ
Ƭɭ޷ֲ̫٣ȼҲ̫ˣʺңЩ͹ѫֵôûͼɭֵôˡüʱͻȻоһɨоĲˣǷһȣԼԶŵ۶ĳҺ֪ܶ࣬һ
٣ˣֵһֱأ
һֱ֪ˣ
СͻȻ˳϶ſĶ񣬶棬һЦ棬߰˸Сܡ
ŴСӴЦſɵСӣû뵽ɣ
ֵ㲻ԩ
ɣֵܶϵˣʵǸʮҲûӣ
ɵһСһĸߣп˭ţƣ
ʲʲô
СסˣӦúܾȣƵôôô򶨣
ǣֱӿ棬ԭ㣬ΪһʼĻдСɫû뵽һ㡣
¶֮ɫ°ͣ˼Ŀ˵ͷ˱٣ˡ
ûлػֻ˷Ѫǹ˼ˡ
ٵСɫǵͨ죬æ˵٣СͷӲװأҪ֪ôܲܣ
ǣֵܵĸкڵǿߣ뷢֣
СɫµĿ淢ˣ˻ңţҵòΪ͹ѫֵİɣ
ǷһȣЦԭΪͦģû뵽㻹Щ֪֮һ仰˵ˣΪȥͶˣ͹ѫֵģ֪ٹѫֵأ
ߣĿһ䡣
СǸǷŭˣǲ֪Сӣ»ЦóҿˣүϻˣǸӼӴ
ֵǣǶֶֽţŲ
ЩˣǾ񺣣ŵʥأȻɶӣҲǺĵӵĴڣοڣǻǰ֣Ϊֶкڡ
˸кڣԸһǰڣܿʵƱˣҲȻûɡ
󣡡
ûдУһͲսս
˸ˣֱվ˰Եİ˸λɰһʱӿ籡۰˵˿񹥣
ݣ
˼Ĺâγֱ
ҲãǵĹѫֵӦҲвٵģɵЦţЩˣȻԶԶȲӣҲǿͨһ̭ϵĹѫֵӦҲɹۡ
а֮У׻֮籡ڷѪǹ֮ϣ֯Ϻ˫ɫ⡣
磡
׻Ԫҫ۵âֲȥԭԴľУȴֻͨʽ
䣡
ſֲľ죬Ϻ˫ɫǹâĴڰ˼ϣֱӽҰ˺ƣ̶Сܵİս
ʲô
ɫ䣬ƴĴ߶ҪǹâȻȴͽ͵ģսĹâֱӱǹâ˺ѣۿ⼸СܾҪڷоâһһ̤г׼ǹâֱ£ҪԼ¡
ʱǷһ˿ζĻȣ
¡
׻ཻҵһ˲ŷֲ
ըʵ̫󣬼Ҳ޷˲ϢʱڳſֵеıըನâһҲֻȥСסԼȫСܾͲˣʧȥ󷨱£к£һԪ飬ѪɽǺ

Сܣ˺ѺֱӻһʧȥԶŵ۶Ͷ̥ˡ
ҲǱըѪģһϢˡ
һƿս󣬻ɱˣ˳ʧȥս⻹ֵֵ£Ҳˡ
һĻ֮ǰӸСܶʱɵˣٿĿȫǾ֣뵽֮ǰǵΪʶĺ˼ȴս
Ҫ֪ξռ䷢ìܣпʵнģξռ䣬ɱǣȥʵ磬չֳʵҪ춼
һߣɫѾˮ
ղţӪȣǱˡ
׻֮˿ԵıըٽըʩչʲôЧֶΣĿ±Űɱ
ǿʵӮģǿıӮġ
Ȼڱ˿ûӪȳɹûɹԵβѻ
С֣֣ҧ
ЦһһУȥϵξȫԼ֮Уӡǡ
²Ĳ߻ɱ֮ЯξҲܱ
һԼ֮еĹѫֵЦŶ˵¿̫һԸѫֵ£ҵǰٷ֮һˣҲǿθˣóˡ


1185 ˫
ˣ
Цݺô꣬һα˵ǲˣ㻹ǿĿԣΪܻɱҵ£ѹҵʵ
ʱ棬ŭѾ㣬ֻ뽫ʬΡ
Ҳξռɱ㣬ȵһ˫ҹϽʵɱ㣬һرСɫͬСֳֻƽдУɱ˲֪ж٣ʥأʥԶڳ磬ʲôӰ죿ֻҪò֤ݣϹŷҲֻܴʣܰ˫ô
˵ִֽ꣬гһһȻƷԶķѪǹȴǺԵһԣһܹʹõѾ۲ƣǳɶԵǾ͸ټ
һԽһڣһף
˫ֽ棬Ľ潻ͬʱֵĳ֮ϣһĿİ׹⣬ֵĳȴںûаֻںɫΧԶŵǹ⣬ϵɵڽ֮У·ǱһڶΧ
׽գڽʯͬҲ԰ˡ
ڰ˫򣿡
¶֮ɫ˫֮ϸܵĲѾ˫˫޵˵⾳
Ҳ֮бȽϸߵȼķȻɷ򣬵ȴз֮ϡ
ϾǽʥسˣһֻͨŵһǰʮǰʵǽˣеĳЩˣҪʤˣϾÿˣܳɳģ
ŵƷķ򣬹ȻС
ҲҲֻѡ
һԼ޷ɱĻ̸ʲôȥһܳɼǰ壬ǰ

³ֵһ˲䣬ȻһӰ˲ưĳǰս̶ֱ
˼ٶȣرֱӴ̴â֮к֮УһƬɭֱɨ˴룬Ĳҫ۵İ׹б˷ɻң
һ˲䣬гһ޴ĺ蹵

С߷һղôţƵͱɱô
ǻûüǰʱȻһٶȲϧ񲻺á

СߵŵúëȶˣȻԶղţ㿪Ľȴûа
߼ڵϣֽŲõӿΨֱսನ
ԲѣΣûôˣ
ɫһΣֵֹİʯ֮Ͼ˺ɫУԭͲĹâҲʯˣһʱ䣬·֮䣬ֻʣֱն
ֻоԼ屻һˣٶԷӣǺڰ⾳Ťռ䣬ǣԼж
ŲңѪǹбָ棬ֱĽâܽһܶһЩ鷳ƺֻܵһҶԣ壡
˵˫Ŀнâһа֮ȵĻаѿ֮бŨĺڰڷѪǹ֮ϣһɫţ֮䣬һĿĻɫƬգ˺Ѻڰ
裡
ں˻ϵǰأͬʱʽ֮йע֮ѪǹһƲɵƣ˺أܵɭ֮УгһϿǵĿɷĩɢ
䣡
ʽ޻ڵĶײһһʱ䣬ڰнƬ֣ںɫеģ죡
͵ײؿһƣһһѪӿֱѪ˿
Сӣ
бŭԭһ˲ɱԼµʱļ֣Ľ֣ȴ֣ļ̶ֳȻǳ
ղʩչİʯȻǿҲ޼ˣȻҲֻ
ղһУҲȻ˲٣ᣬƴһ
죬һᣬǿһԪֱϻ֮УоԼԪ̶Ĳֻܳᶥűըನ͵Ϯϣ𵽷ΪʤĽ
磡
ײĻԪ֮ϣʹڵѪ֮ӵĲȣҲ˲ˡ
£
治Լ˵壬ǿд߶ʯϻ棬ʩչǿһʯ߰壬һѪ⡢꣬ųǳûȻԶԶһ㣬ǽһҲͬ޵ˣ

İʯһڶನڶɣںϳһ֣
ನƿҵ֮Į
ˣɫаʯֱӴ̳
ʩչԼĽ£ֱۡͷѪܳܲסѹ׷ױ飬漸ƴˣǿһ
ڶֱӴ
̰ɣɵѪ⣡
źȻɫ춴Ҫʱһɫš
ɿռ䣡
䣡
ɫ춴ɿռ䣬ҵײһıըޱ飬Ѫǹ̶ֱһǹ˺ɫ춴롣
ҵɷֻᱻ̵ø죡
ȫѪֹսһᣬ׼һԪĹʤ֡
ʱĿɿڴһĻˡ
ĺɫ춴Ȼһǹ飬ĺɫȻһεˣ
ųǳĽ£ķɣ
УȻǹз򣬵ںɷ֮£ĺڶؿʱҲҪɷɣ
ο⽣УԶԶﲻڶľ硣
ôܣʲôʽ
о޷ţĹսҪ̳ʯǿκβսʲôã
һ˲䣬ѾǰѪǹͷ߸ߴб£
ͫʵӰѪǹĺâӿһ˿ٽӭȻȴͽ޹
꣡
ѪǹҼն£бߣնѪ䣬ӣֱӱһնأ
׷˲䣬Ŀǲ֮ɫķʱ䲻ս۵ĹѫֵǰʮֱӻӰŬֻΪ˼¡
ָоƵ
ȻʶҲֻˣһ̣ԴֱӱѪǹѪ䣬ȱСʬһ£Ȼ˵ϣ
ţ˶ţɢ


1186 
潻ֵʱڳ磬ɫ֮£֮У޼壬мǵĶƷţһЩĸ߲㣬Ƽ֮Уһֱڽ̸ţһĿǰʢ
ĳһ̣ڻʯߣʱ̸鿴ϹŷͻȻ۾һæʯϣʦܵĳɼѫֵˣԽǰٷ֮һˡ
ţ򣿡ʯһСӣڿʼˣǹ򣬻
ʵϣʱųдĸ߼޺͸߹ѫֵĲ߿ɱһʼĹѫֵӦõģɱļСܺҲȷʵһĹѫֵ
Ǻ棬ͻؼǵ٣ʯֻͨһԤѡ֮󣬾ɱ¾ɹѫֵһϵ͵ˮƽϣҪˡ
ֶڵѽ¿ͨһԤѡˣϲɺء
ϹЦԼͷϵǣЦǺǵ˵
ȻǹأǶԾ˵ͨһӦõģʵڲʲôֵÿҫ飬ݹ棬Ȼζ
ʯ֮ɫȻ̫ÿսҪûǵͷӳϹֱֲϵᣬûǵģûǣ˵˾װơ
ʲôڲŸտʼ滹жʮأģ˵ʯûĻһ䡣
˵ǣҺڴѽЦۺӣ˵ղֶӦǻɱһ߰ɣԹѫֵŻ⹦ѫֵԽԽǣΪѫֵˣɱ˵õĹѫֵȻȻˣ˵ǲһһǰѫֵۻһʮˣڵڶ¹ȥҲһʮѣ
ЦҡͷȻƺϧҫĳɷڻʯôмһٵĳ嶯
Ц˵õģԽǰѫֵԽǣҲҲԽԽ󣬹ѫֵһ֮󣬹ѫֵһʮ򣬾ֱʮ֪
һ˵ʱ䳤ۻ֮ʲôʵͶӦʲô׶εĹѫֵ̫
ʯЦֻһûһ۵ĿڴĹѫֵٶȷ仯
ʮϢʱȥˣĹѫֵһʱͻȻһ㵭âȻһŵĹѫֵ
λֿǣתۼͻʮ򣬽ʮλҲڿʮʮ򡢰ʮ򡢾ʮһ
죡
ƹϹŷӾһתһ򣬲⻹յ㣬һʮѾѸٳֱƶȥ
ʲô
ʯɴ˫ۣĶס
Ц˵ľһ£վϹŷеֻһǵ֣ۻ
ôЦеɵˣʲô
ʯ۾Ŀһﲻ
򣬺ĳƣ
ֱӰһһʮ˦
Ѿʮλ˰λ
֮󡭡λһ£
һʮ
ٶʮ
ʮ
ֱʮʱֲͣ
һֱӳ嵽ʮ
δһڿ⣬޷ͳƣֱӴʮ
˵Цɵˣʯɵˣʵʯ˽Ⲣ࣬ܣʯ֪֪뿪Ϲŷ֮Ŀֲʵٶȡ
ԭʯǣܰ졢һδΪһ벽Ϲŷָʢʱڵٹ⡣
εһ䣬ʯҲû̫ߣҲͨԤѡڸеõһóɼȡȫǰʮɱľʯûָΪʱ㣬ڵΪҲ񺣳ڣΪʱ䷽棬̫Կˣ
û뵽һľϲ
Žּʱһʮӣǰһأǰʮǰпܣ
ıʣʱ˹֮˵ע⣬Ƿ׷бʹĳϣඥƷŵЩƷţ
ˣʯеһ֣ۻ
ʱԭɵ۵ĻʯͻȻӦ˹ʼЦĴЦԼĵ⣬ãɵúãҾ˵ʵɨСǸƵģ͸ˣŶּʱʮСķţһʮǰɣո䣡
ʯɤԭǳ֣һ󶼵סһΣΨֱ˲֪Ĵ󺰴У˶ˣеˣǱö䷢顣
ЦѾ׺ɵһηԾֻһֿܣǾǣɱһʥصľţԲΣ
ʵһȲ˵ģ˵ڵһǵؾеǸһԲС
ңʱ㣬ս¸ûöãʵʵ˾㤡
Ц뵽ģʥصĳϵȻ벻
һʱֹڶ
ϲϣ
ϲ°ϹŷǼ񵽱ˡ
ֶ츳պΪ벽ʮþȵ
еĳϷ׷׵ϲǲĵģʯյȫգˬʵĴЦ˵Ϸ˵۹⣬˵ģڹŷоǧնԼȥڿɾ͸󣡲̫˵㣬Ԥѡû
ʯúǷ˵Цֱ飬ͷӣǸ⣬һ죬Ǳ̧ͷˡ

ν硪
վڼΪƽص֮УҰ󻯳ɵţѾֽһѲһĺȻЩԶԶȲ֮ǰħյηãЩµȴǿˣҲζ̺ǿ˳ǧ򱶡
ƮԼǰ֣ţһʱ䣬Щʱˣ⣬ٿû֮С
ξͬȪһ壬ջ֮УӡǣöӡǶʱâһԲĸо
ʱԼ·һεθߣָоһһһ㵽㣬Ȼڶ֮ϷһԾȴûеȥǾʹ𻯳ɡ
ƮƮĸо·֮ϣĿ⣬磬ĸо궼Ϊ֮֮С
ʶеڷ⣬һ̣ĳʥϴɱһ㡣
֮УսҲõѾƽƽԲˡ
ξĹЧµĲټξϴڼջ


1187 Ŀ꣬جϿ
ôȥҲܹν磬Ÿµʱ䣬ֱ޳ڣս鷽棬øĺô
ʶЩһϲڵʵΪȥˣȷʵûʲôģһ񺣺ΪӮϣ͸ãˡ
ǣ޵ڵĻһֹ⾰ˡ
ҪҪ۸֣ԼɱһյĴҲȫõģֻеһС֣󲿷ֶɢˡ
֪便ʲôѧħʵٶȶȻһΡ
ţʱע⵽ԼС߻أҶ˱ըನѾ˵˵ǲܵ飬ʵôĸ֪Ǹӳȥ
ţǸǶ꣬
Ȼ˶ʱŵð
νǲ£ǾҲǣˣۿ滹ݣʳѰ
ִ۲ʶ̩ɽ˲С˹͵Ǹƨ˰ɡ
һЦˣ˵ǳ棬ףȴûʲô塣
ҹʥ丮ܵ鱨
ʥʥ丮ܣС߶һڿˮʶΪҪȥʥ丮ܣʥ丮ܵ³Ǳȵ³ңϾǻҪء
Ҳȥʥ丮ܣǿҲûǱ£ֻҪƽʱȥĵطԶŵ۶ɱ޵߼صˣ
ţʥ丮ܲرר鷳ҵˣס
ǡǡСߵͷ絷⣬æ˵ʥ丮ִܵʥ丮ܣȥجϿȣޣȼܸߣһЩЩ˶ǵĴһˣجϿȳʥ丮֮⣬һ춷ŮˣŮرݣɱ˲գۣʥ丮ܺ涼ɵ
С߼ٵ˵ЩϢǶܹãجϿȡӦνȡ֣Ǻ춷ŮӣӦǵһǧ絤ǸŮӣ侳ĽǿߵĹŵӡ
û̫ģجϿĶ
ִĻԶŵ۶ϷǧԶԶŵ۶ĸּ
š˵΢΢ͻȻЦȻҲ©Ϣʥ丮ܣ߲ңЩ鷳ԣǿ˯һˣģʵҲ鷳ġ
˵̧֣СһϷӦˣһ˵ллִˡǣִ֣Լֵܾܸ㶨ˡ
С˵Ŷһֽۣг׼Է࣬ҧҧ۾͵ȥ
ۣۣ
Ѫ䣬С߾ȻôɱˣЩһݵġ
Ȼξռ䣬ĸоʵһޣɱɲ˭еġ
СߺܿͻƻǣɻԶŵ۶ҪһˣѾˣڳţĶҲȥˣһֱһ̭٣ǻȻı̭Ȼ͸ϽʰʰˣٲȥЩͷУһСûˡ
ֿһ»ŵСܣѾһϢԪ˲ǵ
ȻҲһЩѫֵΪĲ̫󣬼ӳɵϣÿֻʮ㣬Բˡ
һԼĹѫֵֻǶʮߡ
õɵĹѫֵֻʮˣԭڶʮҡʥ丮ܲᳬҲ˵磬ʮҲʶǰ棬ЩˣӦô󲿷ֳʥأǵĹѫֵӦԽĲΣԽ󡣡
ǧѫֵʱ򣬼ϼѫֵǰϰ˴ǰʮʱ򣬼ϰѫֵδǰһ
ţûеһʱجϿȣ֮о͵شϢһµξ
ԽǲЩξԽǶηԡ
䣬Ҫ
ʱĻ֮УξռʱҪһ졣
ڻγɣʶһʱǰѾˣѾ̽鵽Լѫֵˡ
ٶʮѫֵʮ
ΣץŬ²ϵɱһ֮䣬
ʮǰʮ֪ҪѪһеһУΪ˼£
£ͻȻֻ֣Ƕ̶̼ʱҰĶͶɹһԾǰʮȴʮ
ܲޣ
ҸƲ
ҧгݣʱ磬ɫ֮£˫Ҳı
ô£
һӵʮˣѫֵʮ򣬵ٶʮ򣬿ɣȻǱɱˣ˫ӼҼҧгݵ˵ţе򼸺顣
˭ɵģޣǲߣ
޵ĿԲѾµʱ䣬֪ܲ޺ԼʵԱȣӦò޵צ£ųɿǱɱģǲ֪˭
һ˫ɫ˵ϵǰ;شɱˣȻһʥ֮䣬˴ʶల£ʥ丮ܲܶһ
ǲ鲻ˣǲ֪ЩҲ֪˭ڸղˡ
ȵȿɣˡ
˫ˣҲֻʱʥض֣ҲôֻܴʣϾ֮˴ɱ¾ԭǹģһ˫Ǿͻ뷽跨ֻˡ
ʱν磬˸ʱȥˣеȻ˫ۣξѾòˡ
ĸʱһˣ¾Ϳ츴ˣǸʥ丮ͨ籨ŵĻҶЩ鷳
ȥʥ丮Ըʥ丮֪ܵϢȻֿʵһʥ丮ܱԸ߰Ҳ϶ֵü˵Ҳǰˡ
վӰһجϿֱɶȥ
νպֱһּŵΪ޵ע⣬һʱ䣬ڶܷ
ֻһָעսԪ׽ǻɱ
ѫֵõͣҷǿѹֺвѡɱЩеޡ
ǧ룬ʵ㲻ʲôܿ죬ҰоͳһƬϿȣӦþجϿˡ


1188 ս

£ʽ̤جϿȡ
Ͽ֮УżмɡһĸߴĢ֮⣬ûֲЩĢ޷ǳɢŵĹ⣬һо綾
Ģ֣ȫǼӲĺɫʯЩʯѾѣȾŰ߰Ѫ
ʬʧҲֻѪЩѪʵҲξ۳ɵģֻûüɢ
ϿȣΧʼָɱĺۼԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ
Ƭĺ蹵ʯѿɽ壬ֶϵʥʯķ϶֮䣬Ŀġ
جϿȵʯȸӲٱҲֻܱ֤ڼҵԪըУֻ֧飬ǿά壬ֻجϿȶҪˡ
Ͽеķ磬һ㣬ԽԽĴ졣
ߺİֻϡǹͷխ˵Σ޹ؽҪ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ڰ֮У޵˻𣬺һ㣬𺳴أܸоЩ޵ķͬѰˡ
ţ
һͻȻоļõɱԼɫֽ䣬Ŀ͸֪͸ڰȴʮԶںɫʯ֮Уĸ˲ţֻԼһȥͷͻϮ
ĸˣڱ˴˽ףʶ
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һŰǸ߿һİجϿȣͻȻԪʥ丮ܣ
һȣע֮ͬ籩һѨ֮У֮ʯ顣



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һʥƽռԵϷ磬ƺ˰


1190 սܣ£
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ʥƽղһǹǿĿãʵϣô˵棬ʥƽҲһǹɵһ֣Щ˸оˣٲֳЦ
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1191 
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ǰɣʥصô㡭ʥƿˣԸȵ֮ǰֱӸ档
ûлشĬˡ
˵ʥؼĿɽԶڳ磬øʥ丮ԣʲô³
ʥв˵˶Уȴǡǡ֤ʥƺˣڰвֱɱˡ
ʥ丮ܣڼɵȻ֮ǰһײ˲⣬ʥƵ˵ǳԾж̬
˵ʲôһЦ
һߣӲƴҲ㣬ֻǣҲκˣѫֵѾزңһΣḶصĴۣʵ̶ֳȣԤѡʤҪģֻ߶ѡ
ʥ˵ʥ丮Ȼųʥ丮ɫţʥ丮Ҳһ飬㹻ԴͬʱҲҪԸɺͿ飬Ҫһ۵ĳɼʥ丮еķ߱죬ǳļѹ
ԭɱ׾٣ôɱҲɱˣʥƿǰЩɲζ涼ϣôսȻܸɴ಻У£ͻȻǡ
Цˣǵ̵Ǵúð֮ǰһңڷֲܣҪͣôõô
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ʥƽŭ磬ϻôʲô֣ɣ
ʥɫ׳ǾƲԳԷˣεһ֮͵ųʥ丮ŭɣ֣
ʥһȣͬʱ֣ʥԭزʥƽʥȻͬķ

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ǣѾˣ
̳ʮǹ֮󣬵һǹȫ
Ե䡪ˣ
ֻд̳֮ǰľʮǹϵĻһıŻﵽǿȲִٷİǹǿö࣡
ǧľʩչԵˣιһһ˲䱬ֱͻһڴأ
İǹ
䣡
ѪǹصʥƵĻԪϣԪױ飬ʥǵʯװҲ֧飬ʥƵؿڱѪǹҿ߹ϣķα飬һѪصһ׷ˣ͸֪Ѹš
ʥ丮ǿʥƣһǹټ˴ʥȻҲζţѾӮһս


1192 ѫֵ
ʥ丮ܣתֻ֮ʣʥƽһˡ
һʼսڣȻޱȼңսȴʮֶݣͬʱսÿһζǼҵײ޼϶ȴĲԪ̶
ôӮˣ
սˣ
ڳڶ߻ֲţеĸоȻϵʵҪʤʥ丮ܣû뵽ʤôֱ࣬һϣͷβѹ
ʥƽʱ䷨򣬱ߵȼķѹʥƵĳǿͺƿʥȻٶȿ죬ȴվûԻƽս鸨ӭͷһ
սһʼڣĸ棬û㣬ȫƣ
춷Ůһˡ
ҡҡͷĶ֣ѾһˣҲиʥ丮һսʱҪʤѣѹǲܵ顣
ʥƽʥƽɫѿ㡣㲻Ҫ̫㲻Զξռ䣬һ֮㶨ȻḶ۵ģ
һЦҸʲôҲģڣϾҪˡ
˵꣬Ӱ𣬻һӰʥƽ

ʥƽһУгǹѪȻȴȫͽ͵ġ
ɿռʥƽѸٳ룬ͬʱһǹҲȻ¡
裡
ϵǰ⾳໥ںϣһ޴ţִĻûһС
ʥƽһУŰĻ֮лɻҽ
ʥƽ
廯һŵľξڿвϵı仯״
һУЩĽɹ
ָû壬еӡǣУ۲һΧߵȻϣ֮⣬û˾쵽Щξ
ξһּΪ壬ȻꡢЩϢϢأȴűʵĲͬǼ򵥵깥ȫһ֮Ķ
ξôǻֵη򣬴һȫµϵ
ţԽ˺棬Ľܷѩ˵ȻԪĵλͣλ
յʥƽһԼĹѫֵһαǣ
ԭĹѫֵʮɱʥƽپʮ򣬴ﵽʮ
ҲԾʮ
⻹ǽѾʧȥսʥƣʥҲ
Ѿȫ飬Ҳ𣬻һʵǿ
Ѿ˵ˣĿ̺ı֮ȴʮԡ
ЦЦûϣǹ䣬ֱӴ̴ʥƵʺٴնɱ
ʥƵ壬Ҳһξյ
ѫֵһα
ģɱʥƽһ룬ΪĹѫֵѾʥƣֻܻɡ
ٰ߰ʮһʮģ
һˡ
ʥȻʱʥȻȫѪ԰ף˷ϧû˿һǹ̳ϸǹâ˲̴ʥȻĿڡ
úݡ
ʥȻԼؿڣ³󼸸֣Ҳձⲻ˻յˡ
ˣʥ丮ܣȫս
ĹѫֵҲյľŰһʮһ磬ʮ
Ű򣬻ûܽǰʮǰʮģǧϡ
ʮĹѫֵʮһһǧһǰʮҲ֮У˿ǰ¾Ҫǧǰֲһ֪ж١
ģ
˵ţ̧ͷһߡ
һЩ˶ʱһͣʶľˣϸ룬Ҳûɱǵɣǹѫֵ̫ˣɱҲǰɱ
ʶЩǵֻǿĿ⻹ɱĴſ־֮ɫ
̫ˣɱˬˣպôʥ丮ı
˭֪˵ɣʵôǿȫǰǧпܣ
ǰǧ̫˰ɣǰǧζšҪдһʵǿǴһ
һ磬ףģͬеţһʲôʥصĵһӣ˵һֻ˵һʱȽϴѡ
ɱʥ丮ܣյξѾֱˣ㹻Ҳξ򣬶ңҪѫֵٽһֻ뿪Զŵ۶ȥɱĳеĶ֣˵˷ʱ䣬س
ţ廯һ⣬Զŵ۶ȥ
ֱӰʧߣڶ߲Ȼһɷǣˡ
˸ϻһһͷԱ˵ϻҲľ
طܴˣһѫֵϵˣϽɡ
ԣҪôɴˣױʥ丮ɱˡ
جϿȵǣ˴Ԫţֻһʱ䣬ʥ丮ܣ涼ɱˣǵĹѫֵʧЩ϶ɱչѫֵجϿȣܿܳΪǵ

ʱڳ磬ɫ֮µ֮С
ʯһֻһɰһ߶źȲ裬һߴţʱ⣬νǴ⡣
˵ˣҿ˵۹⣬ʲôʱ׼Ҿ˵εһһˣô˰ɣôʱ䣬Ѿٶѫֵʮˣٹ죬ܾҪǰʮԤѡʱҲҪǰ壬
ʯڴ꣬ʵܴﵽʲô߶ȣʯԼҲûףϾô˽⣬ң飬ȫ֪һǰʮڻʯѾǺܿŵĳɼˣʵ֮ǰȻǻɱһͨʥصĵӣҲǰʮʵʯһʱܲסԼ죬˵ǰ塣
ͷҲ·ͷҼǵÿǰֻ˵ֻܽǰʮɨ壬͸Ŀ˵ǰˣ˵˵ܿײ
ͷԽԽܴˣҿҲ˽˵һͨ
ʲôʱ˵ˣʯ۾һɣӶˡ
üǰ뿪Ϲŷȥ˰ɣܵʲôΣѹûʲô˵ǰ崿ڴ
ЩĴ޼ϼһǣѾĬĿֲǻǷ׷׿ʯЦ
ʯ˵ʲôʱϹŷ帺ʱ̲鿴ĵͻȻһУ𡭡ϣ
ʲô£Сֵġ
ʯתͷ
ǵһڿˮ죬˵ʦܵĹѫֵղͻȻ˾Űһʮһ򣬴ʮˡ
ʲô
ʯڣеĳ϶סˣʱ֮ǰĹѫֵֻʮôʱ;Űһʮһˣ


1193 η
Űһʮһ򣬱˽Ĺѫֵɱһǰʮĸô
೤ж뷨Űһʮһ򣬴ʮôǰʮӦǧϣɱһĹѫֵ
ζţлɱǰʮŵǻɱǻܡ
һʯԤԵģԤѡʱǰ壬мĿܣ
ǰ嶼ܲļޣ
˶˻ʯλʯȴûŵĴЦһԹԵģҾһ˵Ҹ˵ˡ

ʱξռ֮УѾصԶŵ۶Լסʼչ
ڣħƽηÿһҪξҲɱʥ丮ܵԭ֮һ
ӡѾˣξˣǲӦÿٵӡǣ
ţʥ丮ܵעӡ֮УȴӡѾˣ޷
˼ʼƽ⡢ħΧĲɫӡǡ
߲֮ע֮УĴݣ꣬ģоԼͣ巢Լı仯ǿȣһһľӿѨë֮вϵɢΧĿռ֮У߲
˴ңͨη򣬾ܿĲʹΧˣһȦȦÿһȦɫͬãʤգ
η򣬴һ֣ÿεãͬɽ
ָоԣ
ҵӣΪȴû̫࣬ûͻڣҵʵȴʵʵǿģѵ
ţʶԼǿԭ
ߵ壬ɵԪ޵ġ
ߣֻеܴ洢Ԫߣ˿ѹԪȻ죬ߣȫɱ壬ȫܴ洢Ԫ֮ڿ磬洢Ԫ۳֮
һ߹һ磬ȼ
ʲôΪһͬ㣬Ǿǲͬ綼洢һʧȥʧȥ˵Ԫ֮Ľܷѩţ֮ǰﵽ˰벽ľ磬ֻʣʱɲܵԪֻսս
ԪϵߣԪ֮һУʧȥ˵ͬʧȥ˳ܷӳս΢΢ˣĽܷѩڣҲǶԸһǿ߰ˡ
ڣ޵һ䣬ȴ֣ԼԽԽ룬洢Ԫ
洢Ԫξռתġ
磬ԪתԪ
ν磬תԪ
ӡǣ۵ı־
һԪ˸ķӿռ䣬ô֪
һԪʵȴûͻڣǶ˶ʵ
ԪӼͣĽܷѩʧȥֻʣ꣬ôƾ궼ܷӳǿս
ɣ𼴱㲻ϣɱʥɱ
Ϊֹħξ򽫽£ʵʵĵõηĺôˣһʼȻ򣬵ʼûܽηõʵսϣڣͬˡ
ĽĻ츳ټħĸȻܹɣԴսҲһγ֣ͻ˯ˣңҲܹǿĽǿȣպʱ˳֮Ҳǿ󣡡
뵽дϲôĳϦദ˴˵ҲɷָĽܷѩһĸ飬ܰﵽĽܷѩԵĸˡ
ԽԽѧһˣȶԣ壬˿а֮ͺɿռ䡣
Ȼܷõ䣬Ǹδ֪һжҪ˼룬Ϊһ佱䣬벻ߺԴĴУпλĳϹżеõԶĴС
ȻҲ󣬵ȴҪġ
ܲܵõ䣬ڶҪϡÿһϢʱηܵõãڵĲ򣬿Եǻòھ͸ҪһЩˡ
ɱʥ丮ܵõӦ㹻׭µӡǣұȥѰҸۻȻһЩˣҲû취ˡ
ڻ治µ˭ֻҪܵõһȫǰʮʱĿõϯӵָ㣬ЩʥأҶҪ֪ϯӣλʵҪһĴ˵ˣξռеɱҲǹΧڵģֲȻˣڲݡ
ţ֮ˡ
ʱµڵˡ
Ԥѡһ̭٣
̭ʣٷ֮ʮţ
һͨ߾֣һ̭֮ߣȫᱻˢȥһ⡣
ܶߣȴ˵ʱ̣ʱʱ֣չâʢڳ֮УҰ⣬߶ܿҫĹâ
ߵĳˣԼͻȻϢĻʧ
е߻ΪͻȻУЩʮְĹûʹֻ࣬ǸоʶͻȻģʲô֪ˡ
Զŵ۶ԽԽ廯ɹ㣬еʱһֵһ߶ʣȫ̭
컯磬ײߣһ̭˶ףʣˡ
һ߻ữǧ㣬ߣɲɼĹ㣬ͬө棬գ֮У۳˲õǺӣƬ磡
־ʵ̫׳ˣ
е̭ߣǵ궼οռ룬Ȼѹûü۾ֻоһתǵı壬Ҳͳ֮ﷶΧڡ
ʦ㣡û°ɣ
޼̣ĸμһĺĵӱ˳Ƕֻǰ񺣶ѣμһ䣬޷ﵽɣͨһֵĿԼˡ
û¡Ǹʦĵҡҡ֣ɫޱȲ԰ס
ô޼̵Ĵϼæʵ
̫ˣʦµ˵ֲʦ棬ҲҪСĽһСľͿܱɱɱʦֵˣ̫̫ࡣ
ʦ޼̵˶ǰզ࣬ʦĿе񣬿һ֮УҲԵС
ʦӦͨڶ̭ǵֵ̭ºˡʦô˵ţʱеĸǰĽɫᷢ˾޴ı仯
ţ
˶סͷ죬ǧҲǿգżϣȥѰǸҹ֡


1194 
ʱ֮Уɫ
Կ̵֣һһʧ
Щʧֲ˵ȫǱ̭˵ġ
ããţ̭ٷ֮ʮź󣬻аţҪôҵڴ롣
ǧ㣬˵ִ᲻ᱻ̭вʧ֣ĵ˵
֮ǰֻɣΪܵͣ涼ûдﵽ£ľűȣȷʵûʲôƣŻᵣġ
ʵǵȡóɼʵ϶ǧ˵ʲôʵʲô츳ҪҪܼ̭ҲζţѰΨһֶˣҲ
ġ֮ǰûܳһǧѫֵȻһЩԭôɫӦͨһɸѡҾͲţǷ᲻޼̵ĺĵӡ
ǧҧ˵ʵҲûס
Ҫ֪޼Ȼмӱ̭ˣǻмͨ˵һɸѡοռء
ǧǷǳɫģ᲻޼̵ĺĵӡ
ô죬ҴϲһҲˡۼŰϵִƬƬʧֽ
֮ǰǧͨǷμһ䣬ϸһΣѾǿٲڶΣΪɼҪߣȻҪŹע⼸Ҫӵ仯ôһֱһλãͱɾˣǧ֮⣬˭Ҳûϡ
̲סڴеôһ£ֻһ¾ͺá
ո¶ֿĿ⣬ͻȻ䣬һը죬ҿʲôأô
һæǰӭüڷȻղžԪѵ
޼̵Ĺأׯسϣɳڳ£ΪǺսɶеŵӣĿǰվ룬ҲҲһ¡
˹йŮ˵һ仰ֵҹͻᱻ巣͢ȣпܡ
Ȼ޼̵ŵӣǱȹŮúܶģôϸ񡣲ڶ೤ϵ棬ǻʮֲõӡڷᱻһξϵӡ
ȥʰǣڷݺݵ˵ЩĵƳһ۴ϣҺôϸûעߡ
ʱ޼̵ĴϣοЩһ־ͱ̭ĺĵӣЦݡ
Ȼˣ޼ɳ˶ʮĵӣ̭ʣʮڶ֣̭ķ֮һԼõİƷųɼöˣοһʮʮ֮䣬˿ͨڶҲûκ⣬Ȼ־Ͳ̫ˡ
һƷŵӣɼ԰ˣҪ֪컯ڶʥؼĳЩʥؼʵģϹŷСǧˣ֮⣬컯總磬СߣҲϵ컯μӵһ䡣
ڳϣ˰
ϲɺأڳ͸󣬿ɱЩϼһﰡ
ͣһҪͣһ̳Ϭƣҿǲ˺ܾ
ɵĳϣȻмʣҲֻ˵Щ׻ά޼̴ϵЦݸѵô󷽵˵ͷһ׵ùݵģϬƣöϬ죬Ѳֵ꣬ʯҲգξóλʹһ
ϿЦЩǧĶУȴֻǸпеλˣһ̳ƾǰʯȴΪ˰ʯзã֣һʮʯټ϶ٹ׶ȣ㲻ˣѹ׶ȫʯҲŶһѡ
ڶŮипʱͻȻңԶߣ޴ɫ·һⴹ
ԲΣִޱȣӵ֮󣬾ǿʼһչԽԽҲһᣬֻǽɫϽɫ
ǰͷд֡
֣ÿһأ޴ޱȣʷۻ룬һΪ֮𺳵ĸо
񣡣
֡
컯սǶ컯磬Ҳвʵ츳а񣬱ʲôǱ񣬵ȵȣȨҲ컯񣬵ûĸ񵥣ҽ֡
ǻ֡ѡ
񣬳ѡ
Ȼ񵥻Ҫپ̭
ϽɫľչȻΧһ޴ĻΣΧ档
գβγһΧסľԲȦ
ʱ򣬾֮ϣʼ֡
Щֵ֣Ƚɫϵִ˳ǧ򱶣һ֣һɽ
һ֣һʱ䣬мʮֱ׫д˰֮ϡ
ӵһʼģ
˼ʮ컯
ۿŴӰ񵥵ͷһʼһ·ţڶۿ߶˷ǵУ򣬸Ҳֻܲ鵽Լ֪֡û취ȫУڣȻгһİ
мʮְôʦ컯ʮʮ֮䣬Ҳ棡
ԣпܣ
޼̵Ӳ֪˭˵һ䣬޼̶˷Ǳ߰񵥣
ֻǳѡӦṷ̂ܳһʱҲĪ٣
Ϊڰߵͬŵӣȥ˵Ҳһǳ飬⻹оݿɲ飬Ǵ꣬պ߳޼̣һ˵ȥǶ̾ĿˣϾ˵ڰϵˣڴ˵ˡ
ʦǲ棡
ͷң
޼̵Ƕ˷ϸϲ⣬޼¶ĻᣬΪڰϣ޼̵ǰ׺
ŵӺŵӣҲѰ˭ҵˣʯ׶ȣ
һ϶ŵӺŵ˵ʮֶԸ֪ǿ˲ɨǧٸֵ˵࣬¾ԶҲܺܿҳ֣˵ֻͣΪ޼̳ðˡ
Ȼһеǰֳھ֮ϡ
شĽŵӺŵǶʱдϲ׷ײ۾ʼѰ޴ϵ֣ݼţôѰʮ˵İ񵥣һ̫ˡ
ǧڶŵУҲæѰ񵥣ʯ׶ȣ޵侳죬пܣ
侳쵽Ĺ׶ȺʯܱˣһĻᡣ
ȻǿʼѰ֮ȴ֣ϳֵ֣ǵǰ׺ǽʥأܶǴʥأʥء޹ʥصȵȣ
ⲻ컯İ񵥣ǧܰ񵥣


1195 
ŻȻˣԤѡıʽÿ˶һӦĹѫֵʵǿģ
֮ǰڴ֮нУڣһԽȫ
ǧ磬һѡ˼ʮϰȷе˵ǡʮ
ƽһ磬ֻһˣ
뵽ҷǶˣ˵ĸо
ȫһŵٮٮ
Ǻεƣ
ֲýз
ЩˣʵѾǰͨԤѡˣΪԤѡѡһǧˣڷϵģֻʮѡ
ңʮֻǳѡֻǳѡֻҪϰߣ֮е֮ӣԳɾʥڣʥ۷壬ǰģԳ벽
Ҫ֪ǿɶһǰٵĴڰ
ˣˣ
Ǵֱʣֵһһ䣬ǧʢһΣȻгһʢǰ
Ҳû취˭Ҳûһ䣬ƼһǧŽбѾҪԴ˵ףųһǲܵ飬ֻǧڲߣȫƽĽб
޼̣м޼̽ŵĳǶڸпţһҪϰѾǲˣ컯粻ʮʮҪŵڵʮڵˡ
ʮڵΣôŵֻʮ˵ķϡ
ϧ
޼̴ҡҡͷԸô컯絥һء
пʱͻȻһС
ţ
һüѺŵĳǰСеĳɺͳ
ͷһȴеĵӣȻŵڷ
ӣЩӡȻ츳ãǴ˼ʹϵܲõõµۣûгʱԭϵǴһܹܵ˼ôʧ
ڷʲô
ɫһ䣬õĺǳ
ڷһȴһֻͣһֲֻ֪ãµ˵ϡҡǱߡҡ
Ĳ۾ģǣƫƫĲ棡
˵˵ԼĶȻʱɫԽԽݵϾڿǰ£ȻɺܲõӡջҪӡ㡣
ʲô飬µģ֪ν
Ѿʮˣǵſ˵棬´ϻֱӴڷ
ڷɫ԰ףֻʵ˵Ǳߡ֡ǡ
ڷָŷϵһ˷׷ȥҲüͷתȥ
ڷָĴŷϣΪԶÿһֶܶأвߵֶѻһ𣬵ߵĿɱϡ
һǳ˼Ծ˴Ϻӵ֮С
Ϲŷ塪
ѫֵŰپʮһǧʮ
ǧ˰ʮ
Ϲŷ塪
ô֣
ȻˣߣһЩ֮ǰǧĵӣ೤ǣҲ˲ɴ˫ۣ΢ţþòܺϡ
Ȼ˵һʼֵʱûзϣ߼Ȼǡ
ʲô
֣Ϲŷĳûпܣؼǣ֮ǰѾϹŷֻһɣ
ǧķ
ǧꣿ
޼̴ȻŮҧԼͷ
ֹǧڷ˫ȶʼˣ뵽֮ǰΪоֶе㶶
Ƿ񰡣һǷбȽϿļʮ֮ǰ
ʲôζǴǰʮ֪ٽʥصĶţڽ£
ˣɳܿǰ벽һͨʥΪ֮ɵýʥأѾ˼£
޼ֻ̣һƷţǿߣ벽ʥûУ춼
ϴĿǧ޼̳ϣཻŵĳϣڷڵģ޼̺ĵӡŵӡŵӣǧ
ǶŮķ
ʱǧҲڴ͵״̬ûдӸղŵлع֣˷֮ǰζѾǰͨԤѡȷе˵ܷͨԤѡ˵ѾҪǵˣҪǵǣڵһеȡʲôɼ
ǷȻŵ˴ǰʮ
ǧţţ֮ǰоǿȴֻ˴Ķʮʮ֮䣬࣬ɼһߣ
Ȼǧһֱ˵ԼҲܴһƬأҲȫû뵽Ƭػ˵Ĺ
ǧ㣬ǡǡ˵ˣޱȸӣޱȼȻ˵ĵĲĳɼɼ˳ڣȴޱȣǵķܣҪˣ˵Ǹһɳġ
޼̣еܽļʮóЦúϲ£죬οǵķǰʮܲ
ãܼˣһܼˣǧ̲סˮʱҲ鼤ͷԺĸӹԷȡõĵλ֮ߣ޼ֱ̣ܿ˻ȥ
˳ɼ˺ããĵһ֮УѰҲǳסĻ֮ǰһѶˣ
뵽棬ǧܲˣ
ʶЩǧתͷ޼̴ϣʱĴϣǧȴΪʡ


1196 
ǧעŵ޼̴ϣʵǲ֪ʲô飬˵ʲô˿̵ǳĸӡ
ľôԼСУֱ˼顣
Ǹλǡ
ͻȻ֣֪ǧ֣ԼĵǡλʵҪôֿôֿڡ
ǧʮƽ⣬˵ǧ꣬ҵĽã
ŶɫΣ½ߣ
仰ûһˣ½߸յ򲻾õʱʮԣһ۾ܿ
ǡǧͷ
½ߣװܹ½ôԴƶĵط޵񺣣ʵʹˡ
תۼ䣬ձӵ½߱Ϊʹ˵Уת䣬ҲֻӿЦ
ǵˣƺǧꡢǳ½磬һǿԽһѰ
Ůʵ΢ֲ֪ǷѾǿ಻˳˳൱һ޼ɵġ
뵽޼̵೤з࣬Ȼ˵޼Ϊ޿ɺǣһΣôù֪ǧķôͣһʼţǲǰ׼һô
ڵĻֻǧҪǺ޲źá
㿴ңҿ㣬ջǴϿڣʮң֮ǰûоܾǧҪ󣬷Ǻˡ
ô˵ǷҲ½ˣʵ
ǡ
õǧĿ϶ش𣬼½ߣܰʵֵزδĳɾֻͣ»ߣ
λķ壬ʮ½λ棬ʱ䣬Ƿľţѽ
⣬Ǹ˵һ٣¶һЩ֮ɫ֪λ֮ǰίˣŵӵ࣬Ǻģֻǣŵ֮ûа취Ե㣬λǣϣλܱǰӡ
ϰˮΣȴܱ̣ʳⲻ˵ĴʵϣųɾŵţҪŵṩݣңҲҪŵðΣղɿϹŷ壬ͬˡ
ţͺñ׽̻ᣬҪƸĹˣԴ淨ŲǴƻķߣþô
ǧҲһ㣬˵ˣҪл޼̵չˡ
ǧȷʵȥԹ޼̣ʵ컯Ƿǰ˵ˣ컯޼̵ĵλͲߣķ߷޼֮󣬶Ҫ츳Դۡ
˵ˣǧڱϾûҫǼΪ޴ΪϾܷѰҪָ޼ء
ͺãͺá޼̴ϰһˣλϱȥϢڷһչλʳӣ˲ʣ
һ仰ڷһڷ֪İǹģΪýɫתǧеԹ
ȻλתۼӱūţڷҲֻЦǫĸŮ
޼̴óһͨʥʾǧϢ˵λģֻҪһѡһԻλȥصǷ֤һʧ
ظ֤ǧдϲһᣬӿô࣬ڵȵһ죬Լˡ

ʱν֮УԤѡڶʽʼ
Զŵ۶еͻȻ⴫˴˷Щ޷ġ
ϰη򣬹ǴЩоܸоڶ̭ʼ޼ˣ
ζţɱЩ޻õĹѫֵߣͬʱҲȻգ
ѫֵߣЩ˵ζŻᣬͬʱԸǿޣҲǸɥ
ܵ˵ڶ̭ӲңΪ̭ʽȵһʮ̭ǧ֮Űپʮţ


һ꣬зӶصԶŵ۶ǳУʼ
Щɽľ󣬶Уڶֿʼżӵʱȥô߱ɱˣ
սҸ
ѶȴǵļսУѫֵߵԽԽߣٵԽԽ٣ͬʱҲΪɱǿߣ˼ĵز
Щսڣ
Ҫη޲ھͳɱһ
ҵηӡǣͿԳȥսһͬʱҲҪӶξ꣡
ţ˫ֲϵĽӡٶԽԽ죬߲ʵƣϵĻ֮У׭ϣӡǣơ
ͬʱԶŵ۶֮⡣
Χһˣʥ丮ܺ档
أˣֵѾ׼طˣҪҪһ𣿡ʥ丮Ҳż棬ĸ˶ѵܣǱϾӻڣȻɱһΣǾһµɱѫֵһ֣ʮʥ丮ܣҲʮҡ
ɫ̫ã֪ʥ丮νĻطһԭµڶԤѡٸײ
ǻɣԼˣ
ҧҧ߰ԸϷȻҲԼҪսʤǲʵ顣
٣ֱžܾǵĴ㣬׼ȥ֮ǣʥصĴӪҲĵһУеԶŵ۶ö࣡һɣĸиӦǣֻһС˻ˡ
Ĭ
Զŵ۶ȷʵҲļ֮һԶŵ۶ĴҪҵϣҵ˿ڼࡣ
۸ֵԶŵ۶Զǣǣ࣬ΪʥصֱУֻʵУ߽ǵʸ񿨵ĺϣ˭ܽȥģҵܵơ
ڣξռͲͬˣκ˶Գǣ⵼ǺʵĳΪĿǰĳС
֮ǰ˸νʱڵ۶пţΪƹǮׯԭԶŵ۶μ˵һ䣬Ľν磬ҲûԶŵ۶ͣתսǡ
Զŵ۶ǵڶУǲǲһ㣬ڳһ֮⣬ǰʮʮˣȫǵġ
ҧҧջ˵ãȥǣԶŵ۶ûʲôǰ;һ̭һڶֻ֣谭һøߵĹѫֵ
ãھͳʥƴЦ˵


1197 
ǧ磬Ӧνǧ磬ɱÿһš
ڶ̭ø
ƪΰķϣעĿȻǰǰʮߣ
ǧÿһ񣬶ע⼸ҫ۵֣񻰵
еĵһǷҫۣдֵıʷ棬һޣСҲһģֶһ࣡
ħ񹬣Сħɡ
ѫֵһһǧʮǧ˰ٶʮ
һ
Ψһһѫֵڵˣұȵڶ߳һأ
Сħɵ֣˵İ˵֣ʵһºţƺŮӵĴºš
ǰ׺ħ񹬵ĳҲζŮӣǳιʵιˣûвμԤѡֱӾͱڶΪԤѡˡ
ʱ޹磬һƬɫľ޴Уĸߣֱֳָڼսһ޴ߡ
ߣ޴ͷ­ÿͷ­ŲͬɫĶľֻҪһ˿ƽͻ̱ʴήأմ϶ᱻʴ
ܴ¹ƳߣɱܵõǧĹѫֵһͨʥĶӵľˡ
ĸߣȴܸսһţȻʵ
һ˲˺һһģӣ׼ᣬһն˴ߵߴ磬һ㱻ĸһӵϵֱնɱ
ڶ̭ʼ֮ɱ޵Ĺѫֵ˺öడ
߾Ȼǧѫֵÿ˶ֵһǧ࣬ǰɱ߹ѫֵޣҲһǧ˰ٶѡ¸߹ѫֵ߻ԽԽ࣬޹ǰʮҪϴˣǵĻᡣ
ԣֵǼӰѾǰʮүӳ
˵ţͻȻһǲĿƬŢУһɫȹŮȥʮӣһͷٲһڵĳ۾ڶͷǰһŹֵľ顣
ŮСĵȹǣƺǺմŢһһ˹
˶һۣЩŮʲôˣһߣϲŢŪˣ߾ܷˣСŮܲ졣
еģɻţŷ֣ԭŮÿһһƬССҶϣҶĸ֧壬ޱȡ
һȻܷɣȴʹַķƺͯܲҶǰĺ̡
С˭û
ĸɱ¾޵ĵص㣬Ǹ߼ĵص㣬ܹ߶ģмֱ£ӦеӡǣοŮر
ʱ򣬺ŮͻȻ̧ͷĸˣЦˣЦôЩζ
һʹɰףЦʱȴ¶һԼСħС
СѾͷЦʲôʲôˣڳô
˵еһ˵ܳֲʶģпǸڳոѫֵġ
Ů·ûЦһ㡣
ģЦƨ㣬Цʲô󺺴³˵Աߣģüͷһ壬˵СģСѾͷ²ǡ
ʲôǸڳô֮ǰֲûһСѾͷܰô
ν˵ţʱǺŮˡ
ɵϣҲǸڳģǸڴģħŶ΢ˣɱûˣû˼ҲأӦ÷ֲٰɣ
֣ѫֵ۾һɣͻȻӦ˵ʲôǸڴ磬ħģ
ַӦԼô˵ʲôʲôЦǴţݸ壬ڴģô£ν磬ôпԽУ㳤ϸƤģСޣүҵ̲˶Ӳ
˵꣬ЦȻЦһ룬ȴȻֹ
˴סˣŵĵͷʺλãһĨѪۣƺʲôȥˣţо˿ΪģԼȫ·𱻱ˣʶģϵţĸоѾǵһξˡ
ҡôģ
ǴһͷһͷԵ
˿ôһ

ģ꾪еʱȴҪΪǲܵ飬СŮֲ˲ţһļˣǣȴֻʮ߶ѡ
ղţûôģ
ֿܣ
ҲٴУ׷óͬķ
СŮ΢΢һ㵣ЦϢʱ
СŮ۾ʼݲȣͺС׽Բһ㡣
һ֮СŮ۾Ц˵Ҫʼ׷ˡ
˵꣬廯˵ǹ⣬ĲˣȻ˲һ㣬ʮ֮⣬һǶʮ
Ҫ֪ν򼸺һռ伫Ϊȹ̣Ҫռж̾˲ƼѣҪԿռ䷨ﵽߵľ硣
գĸˣûܴСŮѡ
ÿʺദһϸϸѪۣǵʬʧ֮һöСĽҶӱ˳Ȼɱˡ
ѫֵ٣ҵּܷûأ̫ˣҪ޹ǰˣֻɱǣŻз
Ůţ廯ɵǹ⣬ٿʧˡ

ʱһ̶ɵ¥֮Уһ꣬米һɫߵķ
üļһ㵤飬ȥͬһö۾һ㡣
ʦãСħʦùȻŵһˣѽȵڶ˦ȥ˲ǧѫֵҿЩʥصûˣħţǰǧĶûУ϶ǱСħʦɱˣħڽţ¶ŵùˣСʦ̰棬ԭֱܹӲμӾģҪȥԤѡ۸ˣһӶҲħĴ˰ɣ
ߣվһȹŮȻƵıʦˡ
Ůֻʮ꣬ǣˣϣƺһɵ̣һһеλðǹ䣬Ʈʥࡣ
òģɵ֮УУֻϡоµһ˫Ȫһӡ
Ůֻǵĵ˵ͷûлػңԶߵķ
˵ĸоͬһƾƮĺ˪ʳ˼̻
ƺ˿ΪŮ䵭кβ°Ȼ˵ǰҢʦܣԸö࣬ΪӣҲֻɱ˵ʮѣûСħʦǴɱ
˵ú⣬ʵϣǿһ䣬ԿǸ֮ľţҪǵȦӣûпܡ


1198 ع
磬ξռ䡪
ǧԶһɽ룬Ϊħ룬ɽ֮Уľ죬ޱأʵУħǹһˮƽǿĵطξռУħǿһӷʮһˮƽǿ߽Ǳɱһ侳Σա
ξռ䣬ģǰٵĶ֡
ǼˣҲˡ
䣡
ֲıը쳹ɽ䣬籡һʮ˺ϱĴ񵾲һ˺ѣ׷ɵС
ǿҵıըУһͷȫǴ̣ޣˤڵأ
ɱڷħÿʱÿ̶ţɱͷ޵ˣһҵĴ֡
ףʲô
ɱ޵ǣͻȻͷ޵ʬʧ֮󣬾ȻȥĵطһƴСɫ壬֮кӡʲôϸһɫСɫ֮ͻҳ壬·Ҫȥ
߶ˣô죬ɱһοֶ
һԥһ£СİɫУһֱޱȵĸо·ԼѪ֮У꣬ȫඥˣĸеԼǰѵĳЩͻȻ֮
ʣͺһ°˼⣬ΣͻȻ뵽˴ŶģĽ취һ㡣
ߵһͷҪɫֱȥΪܵɫԣԤУȥܻĪĺô
ǿסԼͷҪоһ£֪ʲôԭɫеЩɵĲҩͬЩȻʵܸеξռƷǰɫ壬ޱʵʵĶĪĸоɫһɲǸܵġ
Եʲô
ΧļͬʵҲɫҲû̫⣬Ͼξռ䣬ֲʵ磬ʵ磬ǼпʲôĵرȻҪúоһƼֵ֮ƽֵ֣Ϊпܡ
ξռ䣬ٺõĶһˣҲûˣǵȻ⣬˵Ҳδʲôö
ûʲôȥһЩɣҾͦÿģŰɡ
Եߴֵ˵ţְǶֽ䡣
ͬ⣬һȴ΢΢üоԵĽͺǣǿȥֶ
ңԵ̸֮䣬Ҫ£ɫɫ塣
˵һ¡
һͻȻڡ
ɫİԵ΢΢һ治ɫΪ˵ɶ£
ڵ˳һ˵ѣóһһ£ûʲôΣհɣ֪ξռ䣬ΣŵĶδûһеǿޣôǶΣգ
˵ķʽǷǳûֱԼɰԵ̰۱˵һ˭úҲܾܾɡ
ֹŹֵ˭֪ǵʲôģɫ˹Ź֣к񻹷ӡһп塣
ҲԣԵóɣСе괬˸Ÿ͡
ԵεЦЦһ̵ֻֽ䣬֪ٲó϶ᱻɵġ
һ˲ЩԥҪҪʹܣһ룬֮ǰһֻԼĸоҲо׼أϾ飬Ͳ˼顣
ŪˣˣǾɵˣ֮ǰԷȴֺʵʲô
ԵţɫĶ
ǺöôΪξռ䱻ɱҲûʲô˵ģһ㣬׷ڴʼ֮ǰ˵߱ɱôֽлõƷҲɣⶫ᲻Ҳأҵ׸ô죬һô
Ե΢΢ߺָѾֽͣϢʱˣʱ䳤ùˣԵһЩѣоЩԾһʼɵˣ΢ս˱
ЩˣʱͻȻһļХէһ·ߣתۼ伸ڶߣ
Եֻоһһǿҵĺӿͷɱ˲Ϊ֮ѡ
Σգ
Եд󾪣˲Ҫ͵ǰ˳ȥǡѾˣ
ֻоһҰԽԽڣתʶѸţʲô֪ˡ
Щͬ飬ֻһԵʬ׷룡
ôģ˭ɱ
Щ˸û壬д󾪣սȫʮ־衣
ŷ֣ԵֽѾڸղǺӰһ˲䣬飬߰ĶΨɫ壬ʧˣ
Сģˣţø죡
еĶӳȶġ
ȻŬȴͽ͵ģ̫ˣ
ڼһ£ʱ򣬺ˣʬ׷룬ǵͷ­ɸߣѪȪ
磡
жޱȿ־壬Ȼ˵ξռ䣬˹Ķ֣Ƕеѹ
ֿӣ
Ƕӳ񺰵ȻҲֿ֪ߵľҲûκ壬Ǳɣ
ۣۣ
ߵһ˲䣬ĲҽУʬˤڵϵ죬Ѫ
𣿡
ǶӳͷֻԴһᣬתͷ­ôϷɳȥˣԼͷ廹ڹԵ±ܣǱܵȻһֻޱȣëצץסˡ
ֻצӣֻȻһץ󲻿˼һĻˣԼ壬ǹĴһ߳߸ߵͷʬٿһŲԲ򣬷·Ѫ⾫ͷ඼һ˲䱻ˣֻһƤһ𡭡
Ŭ۾סԽԽģҰһǸɫצӵˣȴֻʵļƺһ˶ߣҲƣֱߣצ֮ǰԵõɫ壬ƺҪȥ
ȻҪ﾿ʲôӵʱΪͷ­תҰѾıˣֻܿתպʹء
ǡʲô
ߵһͷͷ­ôصˤ˵ϣѪҺһء
𡪡໡
ĺХٶڷħ֮лصԽԽԶ
ڷħеû֪ħ̫ˣǺХҲǵĻɣϾÿڷħ֮У֪жٺХ
ģħУ˼ֵ¼ɱЩ֣Ǵǰٵĺˣ
֮ڴˣ
ΪɱҲܸһʼǳԭû͸¶ħ֮еԽԽ࣬סˡ
Ƕ֪ħ֮УһëʵǿĲ˼飬ˣһڣܿ϶ëﵽǲߣޡ


1199 ǰ
ɱԽԽң۵ǸҲԽԽ࣬Զŵ۶˵ӵиɱһħ룬ݺǧķΧ
ȻħǸ߼ɱÿһǰߣѡ˷ħ롣ʥ丮ܣ棬ѡ˷ħٽһϿȣƬϿȣģشΣ޵ĵȼҲ͡
ѡҪΪ˰ȫ
ǵĳЩ֣ɱǡ
˵ôڷħ룬һֵĺëרɱ֣иӽĸ֣ɱˡʥ丮еʥ֣ص˵
ЩǰʮĸֻᴦİɣǾͲòˣǵطӦòᱻȽϰȫңѾȥˣ̭ڶ٣ֻʣһ£ڶ̭ţǸҪˡ
Сֲ֪ĸЩʲôƫҪŻô˵Ƕˡ
ʥƽҧгݣ˶սʱֲ޴У£ֱеĳ衣
ʥ丮ܲ²һ㲻Դɱʥ丮֮һֱڱչ֮УδȥԹһΣڿٵ½
ڶ̭ʼɱ޵ĹѫֵȻߣڶ߹ѫֵۻ÷ɿ죬ʼԭ̤Ȼ͵ˡ
һ죬ʹӷǧ֮ÿǧٶµһ£͵˷ʮ
Խ棬ֵԽԣҲԽ죬ڣѾ˶ʮ
ҲֻŵȫʮҲ˵ۿҪˣ
컯磬仯Ȼ޼ڶӺͳϵС
Ǹʦõķôֱ½
ǰ֮ǰǺô
ⶼ˰
ʱˣ޼̵ⲻ˵ۣʱһ𣺡½ֻΪʱûгְˣ˵ˣ׿ԭ̸ֻʮҲδܹɾͺʥ˼һ½ߣܹﵽֳɼٿЩߣȡʲôɼʲôʸ۱ˣ
޼̴ϺݺݵѵЩӶʱڨڨˡ
Ϻݺݵɨڵһۣô˵ȻΪڴ֮ǰǧæɼʱܳʱ䶼ûܳһǧѫֵɴ˿ɼΪĳԭûΣҲһ
̨ٽһ¾ǵڶ̭ӦɱҰɡ
޼̴ţʵҲûٵףһΣûдͷβ仯ֻǵõһͻأĽ
һΣǴͷβء
ʱ޼ϷչУǧҲŷ
Ȼ˶µ½ԭ򣬿½Щţ⼸һֱ³ʲô⣬ʵڷȡһóɼĻ޼̾δػỤȥѰˡ
ӣǧòüʵ˿õģǿ߱ܣҲܺܿ׷ģܴﵽϴεĳɼ
š֪˵ͷ
ʱ磬Զŵ۶֮УʯϵͻȻ˫ۣΧ鲼ŵ߲ͬˮһĻ壬ֽ֮У棬γ˵ĸӡǡ
ĸӡǣͬγɵԹâµɫǻûԭ
ӽοռ俪ʼǰǰµĿޣ֣Լ귽˾޴ĺô֮⣬ΪҲǿƽڡ
ս飬ҲڻƽԲսﵽƽԲ֮һǱ̻ս飬ʱսǿֽʵķԾ
Ŀ֪һڵǿȣη֮ǰǿһ࣡ǿȣ̫ˣţȻ򣬿ٳһ׶µֶΣԪ뵽֮С
пţԼ꣬ͬûϰηߵԱȣͺñͬʵˣһ书һֻһ಻Զν˭Ҳס
ǿ󣬻иֺô֪ѧϰҩȵȣպΪӣҲΪƿ
ȻֱӵĺôǸ֪ǿȵӣڵĸ֪Χһ
ȣҲһ
ǶжȣΪηԽԽʮֹ
ֻҪ˫ۣͿĸоΧԲﷶΧڣеţЩдСаģȻŸǿľۼ塣
ЩۼֻҪôǲߣҪôޡ
֣ЯߵĻͬЯԵһһЩһɫ
ߵӣǻɱ֮󣬻˲ͬԼۻġ
óȥˣҪɱ߻ޣõξӡǡ
ţأžԶŵ۶ǧ֮جϿǰ
Ȼ;Уȴֵ֣ʵǲ࣬ĸ֪ҳԲﷶΧڵǿ˹ΧȴҲ֡
ߵĿ٣ôȻҲͽ޵Ĺѫ͡
ֶȥˣĪȥ˱ĳУ΢΢ü˵һ̭֮Ĳֻʣ°ٷ֮һôϡٵĿֻмһ𣬲ܻøĹѫֵ˿Զŵ۶߿Ǩˡ
˸ǿһߺ󣬿϶ԼĲ²⣬ǣԶŵ۶ĸ֣ȥ𡭡


1200 
ô
ǰ޴ĳУԶŵ۶ķ͹ȴԵСһЩȻСһЩȴԶŵ۶֮ϣǵĳǽȫɿԴʥĽɣвô󣬿Ƽ᲻ɴݣ
֪ӳȥȴֲǺܶ࣬⵹Ҳ£ֶƼǸĸ߼޾ۼأ֮Уھǻм룬ߵĿࡣ
ڣӦڴһ˰ɣ˵ڶ̭ʼ֮޼ЩߵĹѫֵúܿ졣
ţ׼ȥѰһ̶סȰٳԣʱһҵıըܼ٣Ȼڼҵײ
һڸ֪Ѱҵһײ㣬⣬ɫֻҰɫޣɫӣȻˡ
棬׷ɱޣ׷ɱߡ
ߣһŮɫֳּƷʥ·ͳĿʽһģȻһɣԴƷʥߣʥؼϲˣʵһ㶼ȥ
ߣͷͺģ׷ɱͺģޣȫźɫëԴÿԴһ˶絶ëֹͺͺɫΪª
ʦ֣ҪҪֿӡ
һʦãۿǳª޾Ҫ׷԰ףǵʵͺ̫ԶֻҪһģԼͻᱻҧϣѪ䡣
Ȼ֪ĳͬجһΪ̫ʵˣĸоɲôЩܵĹѫֵҲһٵ룬ǵʵҪͨڶβп̭ʮǿһΣͻûϣˡ
ҪֿͷޣǷֿҲˣǸǳΣգֿ֮ø죡һᣬǿɵˣֻҪǣϵĽƻֱӰͷĵ޸ܡ
ʦ˵ţıӣʱͻȻ֣ڲԶһ겻ķ˹Ķ飬ȻԼɵġ
꣬
ˣ
ۿȻԼ߷ɣʱһϲָսʤ׷ĿֲޣΪͷĲĻŵǰ֮һʮ֮һǳ뺷ﲢǸĸ߼ײֵĿԲһǰ֮һĸֵĸʸޱãˡ
ˣתٲãɢ޵һЩעҲǺõġ
λ̨ҵ廪ɽӣܾҵһһ֮󣬱л
ӵĴ󺰣кЦʵν磬߱˴֮䲻侮ʯͲˣ˵ˣҶǾ֣˲ɵôȻ˵ӸƲϾ֡
ɫ糣վۿƣУͱɱæ̨СģͷǷħܳģ൱̨֣Ǻϡ
ӻû˵ֻ꣬һҫ۵âʣ̵۾
âٶȿò˼飬ڱâ˲䣬ֻоë·˾Ԩһ㣬ޱȡ
ͬĸоҲСʦõϣŮд󾪣㺹졣
ǻûӦʱֻҽС
ȻͷһˣȫˣͷͺޣһԴ˿ޱȣֶθɾ䣬ûаˮ

͸ͷޣʬֱӵȥڰоͱֽˣΪξֱա
ۿŸղڵޣֻһ˲ͱɱһڿˮתͷŵŮҲ΢ţþòܺ£
ײˣһˣȻǶ֣ҿ²ֹǰʮ֮һܿǰ֮һǧ֮һǱͨԤѡľˡ
л̨
꼱æȭнٺϲãҲһ˿֮ɫ֮ǰԼĳǰ꿴һЦˡ
ŮҲæ񣬾񾴣һǸлڶҲһˣֱɱǣοռ䣬ɱ̫ձˡ
֮ͶѣֻмǡЩˣҪΪ˽ǵ鱨ǣΧȫ˽⣬Щ֣Щطи߼޿ɱȵȡ
̨ʣҵ֪޲ԡ
ţǣǸǸղͷһĴһô
֣ǺܽȻôǿޣһǾǧŰپʮŸǶ֣ЩʵһЩģͨڶ̭޷̭ͨߣô졣
һʣ¶Ц֮ɫ˵ģǶǶûʲô߼޾ۼأиֳû޵ȼҲͣʦ㹻ӦˣǰЩӣħȳˣһëëַǳأǿޱȣɱˣɱޣ˵Ӷᵽһɫ壬˻ôҾͲˣ֮غëֺɢһѹħĸ߼޶ǱֵüɹǾһЩߵȼޱϳˣһЩ˵ͼ޾ۼأЩССϺͲˡ
ħ룿
ԡ̨һģ֪ħ룬ħǧﴦһɽ룬ɽУľ죬ϿĹȣظߵȼޣǸϲԳڣΪëֵ飬ħĸߵȼûǰĶˣټϺëֱвһЩҲ뿪˷ħ룬͵ȼˡ
ԭţħŨȤ
ƺͲµⷴӦǪ֪̇̄ǿҪȥħĻǪ̇̄ϸһ£ûǰٵΣڷħѻȥˣǰٵģǺëײҲ˲ɱƵǰʮģҲֻǺëǰȫˡ
ڻ꿴ǰʮǾǴ˵еˣɱͷͺգǰʮԶء
΢΢һЦҲͣħȻҪȥ
֪ûȥԼĻҲû˵ʲôϾֻƼˮ꣬ǫ̃̄ҪǰɣһΡ
ţ΢Ѱһס׼ȥˡ˵Ů˵һϲڣǾ԰ȫˣѾˣνǳһ͵ȼʵ̫ˡ


1201 ɱ
廪ɽӵָ£ҵһõס·ĹУҲӽ̸У˽⵽һЩֵ
ǿļΪǱ˴֮Ҳûʽ֣˵˭ǿ˭ֻǴио
дΪһˣֻǸţû֪֣ν磬Щ˶ôƺġ
һݷǳأʥسܲǽʥسԺη֪
Կ϶һǣеĹѫֵǵһֻǰˡ
һģʥسĶšơ
ƣҲǿļ֮һ
֪Щ֮ɻʵȻһΪ֧˸ࣿ
ҹ˵һܸоˣǾʥصˣߣվһʥص˸û˸ˣʥأǵȻ˭Ƕ𣡡
ŶüһԶŵ۶û飬ʵ֮⣬ûĺôû뵽ֱʥصĳѹˡ
ˣǣʥصʵǿģ˭ǣʵǿҲҶǣǸõռˣ˷ֵĺ٣Ұˣôֻɱĵɱ㣬ˣҪǲܵģţɱһڶˣͻҸǿĹܸģ͸һһɣСﶼɱǵڴǸɵǿȫµ׷ɱ㡣
ǡʥص˶ǿ
һ㣡
˵֮ɫȻһ֮ʥصΪݡ
ˣͬʱҲ̾һ𣬶νⳡһ䣬Ҳ޷ţԹƽľţҪƽţܶ࣬׬ѫֵȻס
һѾǷǳˣֻҪ˵һԤѡıӹƽ
ô˵ƽ֣ʵ
ֻţ˽һ˲䣬һΣʥһλ俿ǰҪɱᵽϵĹѫֵԼȥɱ׷ɱ
˸ҵԼĴʦƣƳȥԸΪԼ𡣾ݴƺڷħֻһУƱһˣʲôҲû˵ԼļʦˣǼʦܣҲʥǰĸˣûܰôԺʥصˣҲû˭Ҷ֣Ƕ֮ززˡ
ǲĸƽֹǲ֪ʥص˾˭ˣԺܶ˲ĵΪһ֣ϾѫֵʲôЩ֣δҪֻս
һ˵ô࣬Ƕ˺ܴȤ
ơأȻʥسȴǿʵ˹һЩԵ죬츳ҲˣΪ桭
ʥصŵȻǿǴʥرϾޣһʥأ˲һˣǵеĶţеٮٮߣ˭ǿ˭Ǹδ֪أ
ȥħɡ
ţ߳ǣչħɱȥ
ǧ룬ֻһĹ
ٽħ룬ĸ֪֮Уڶ˶̳֣вٹţĻǿ
ȻҲΪ½ԭ򣬴Ž⡣
Ǳߣкܶǿޣնɱǣܹòٹѫֵ
֪ɨ£κǿ޶Ӳ˫ۣǸһʵĸɱޣû˵ٶȻ졣
ոǼͷ޷ȥ֮ʱͻȻһɱ𣺡ѣǵĵ̣ô
üͷһ壬תȥȴڲԶߣ͸ͬȴͳһʽؿڣһķţһġ桱֡
ţԶŵ۶öΣν磬Ҳ֮ǰʥŵĶͷϼȻ˳ʥء
廪ɽ˵ʥصˣǶǺߵģõ򣬶ռˣƽСߣֻܺ
ţʱʥ˵еһ˵磬ôʲôһģֱӸˣǲ֪ɵûйѫֵá
˵ǳ󣬸ûбܻߣƺǶӳģһˣҲʼÿļһƤڣĸߴĿм
۾һΪое㿴͸
͸ˣóȻ֣Ҳ˿£ǣˣû˭Ҷǵġ
˵һ飬뿪ǵﵹûд³˵ĵطʵɱвͱˡ
û͸ϽãߵСܣһνСʵʥصˣֻӵСආѣܶʱӲɫǹӼڱ֡
ЦˣǷһ˿֮ɫɵһĿǸС󣬡һô꣬˫·ģʲôǹҪʾһ£

Сдŭһֵ֣ͬʱҲˣȻмּɵҲֻΪ͸ĵϸ
ݣݣ
ڳʺͬʱһһк񱳵ĺԡ
һУǵʯ֮䡣
ȻΪҪֵʱˡ
쵽˼ٶȣǸͷӦȻһζʵĲӰ˵Ĺȫգ
ݣ
ѪǹʣֳַѪǹǹ⣬ҹ֮»һ£ֻһһ򵥵ĺɨǧûκ似ĵӣȫ׷룬ѪҺɽ
˲ɱˣʣˡ
Уƺ֮꣬ǰĹӡ
ʲô
ʣµߣۿϵʬͻѪҺͻı仯д󺧣֪ξߵˣʵ̫ܵĿԶûС
Ȼߵ壬껹ܱ򶨣Ϊпɽ
ۿޱľѪǹȻһס֣ǸѣղŶеһʥصĵӣӣղɱˣ͵㲻֪ҿ㵣˱ġ
֪꣬ʥسģæѡ


1202 
ĻЦˣЦú⡣
Цݣ֮ǰŵĹҲû˸ղŵ棬ɫ˵ܺЦôЦʲôָԼǰӡǣ˵ӡǣ޷αĶξռ䣬һԲ飬ֻҪעԪֻ֪Ĳͬˣ
ЦЦ˵ϻΪҲ֪ʥصģ
㡭ɫһ˵ʥأǵɱʥصĵӵĻȻᱻɱ㲻ΪʥذɣǵֵǮҲûʧٹѫֵ̨Ͳͬˣ̨Ĺѫֵǰʮɣ
꼸һһֵҧģвζԶ
ʥأ°ͣ㲻˵һûһ˵ҵǾͦģȱѫֵأͲ˵Ļ߲ܡ
㣡
ɫһбĸ֣֪
һ֣걩һķӣѾûˣ˵ˣϬǰֻǸơ
ѪǹɨеĹȫ飡
Ḷ۵ġ
ţк񱳵ֱȡʺȻѪǹȴһ̴ࡣ
ţǹһɨˣҲȫɱѪɽ
Ҽס㡭ˡ
һ˫۾建
ˣڶ̶̵ʮϢʱڣȫǵ廯ɾξӿڣеӡյ
ˣһѫֵˡ
һԼĹѫֵͻһǧ򣬹Щ˵Ǵ⣬ǸƤǰһ˴Źʮѫֵˣʮ򣬱һ̭֮ǰͬεĲߣѫֵ̫ˡɱˣԵĹѫֵ仯
ӡǣҲԲˡӡǣξ֮ǰҪƺÿһӡǣξ࡭֪棬ᷢʲôû䣬ħоħ죬ҲǲУһʼǿӦԽ棬ԽǷ
ηԽԽ룬𣬵䲻֪ôоġ
ʶη򲻵һ׶ķϵһ׶ϵ
Ѿ֪ϵֻ֣һϵһǾԪϵ
ϸ룬ɾ˵Ѫ⾫Ѫ⾫۳ͬޣޱǿ̧Ͷ֮䣬ɽѡ
ԪϵǾ磬ϵþ˵ԪǡԪԺ֮֮֮Ȼ֮
廹ûĶꡣ
һǿȵķǿѧϰһܣҩ󷨵ȵȣǿȡ
һЩţҲһЩطѧϰġ̫һֶ֮ûԪֻǵǿѡ
̫һηĲ࣬ȷ˵ǰߺñȷ˶壬ÿܲءʱˣȻߣҲ
ߣ˾ϰ䣬ϵ磬ɽƸ꣬ߵĲ֪࣬
Ʋηչƣܾܿһµϵϵ
塢Ԫϵˣ
һߣ޵Ļδﵽʲôɾͣ
뵽гڴ
壬ȱһɣ壬ߵߺ㡣
Ԫʱ̳ſԪһԪ飬ѡ
ͱɱˣ񺣡ǿߣ࣬еԴҪ
ߣȻǿ󣬵㣬ûоԪϵ֧ţٶȡ޷ӵ
㷨˫޵ߣҲȱݵġ
ͱĽܷѩţɳɴڷ˫޵£ɾͰ벽ҼҪɴ˵еĵǣһֻ֮ʣ꣬ޱȴս½ͨڣʹȣΪ˯֮С
˵ףµģĽܷѩ߾磬ֱӵǾԲӣʥǿߣֻʣĽܷѩҲҪɱ
˵Ĵ۷壬ﵽ۷ˣԳΪ£ǧ磬ôˣδزܾھ棬ͬʱﵽµˣ
ͬʱﵽ£᲻ᷢʵı仯
ţҲǸпԼ˫޶û޳أȴҪټһϵ
ͬޣ޳ɣΪɾµһߡ
Ȼ޲ɵĻôζŰװ˷˷ʱ䡣
Ȼѡʲôʽ˵ͲҪǣԸ񣬾עĻͲŹȻͬޡ
䣬ħȫԳ֮Ϊ׵
һʱ䣬ڷħ֮вϵĻɱޣͬʱҲϤħĻǿ֧֣ټ϶η˽⣬Ը֪̽鸽һﷶΧڣκǿ޺ͲߣӲĸӦܷǣȴֲʹռ˼ơ
ɱϵĽУڻ۵ξԽԽǿ
ʱǣɱʥصǣڸˡ
ڰ֮УȻ۾˫۱ŷŭĿ⣬Сӣˣ


1203 
䣡
ŭĺƤԼסг˳һͷƮһͷŭĶǣŴˣļʦֵܺСҲסг˳
Щˣһķŭ
磡˾Ȼҡ
˵ˣȥʦ֣һ۵ģҧгݵ˵
ãٺ٣ʦǰʮɱСЦ˵
ߣʥô۸ģӴ˲ǣһɱһΣֱɱģҲſ
˵öԣվű𶯣ԹԸÿɱһΣѹѫֵ
û
˷׷׸ֽͣһĨһĹâʣν磬һʹô
ܿ켸˾͵õ˻
ãʦûгȥԣڳǹȥ
ã
˸꣬˸ǡʦ֡ס
깧վ壬˵ʦ֣ʥذõӶ
걨꣬űȭݼƣ˺һڲŴһĮɡ
ǡ
깧ƿţⷿڲúܼ򵥣ֻһʯһ׷ʯϣϣһɫĴߣͷһǣһָ߼ԼޣΪʦֳƺҲΪһˡ
ݼʦ֡
˷׷˵ͷ˵ɣʲô£
ʦֵĻҰõڷħԳ죬һСӲصĴԳǵȰ棬ͻȻϮȫɱ
˵ߣ˷׷׸ͣ·˼ίƵġ
ʦЦһ˵£һôȻΪԷ۸ⳡˣߵ壬ɱԭʲôɱʥصĵӣҲǰɱģһһΡ
˵УɫЩΣһεĻЩˣʦ֣ɱһ̫ˣ֮ǰȷʵΪСӺ۸ǺֵܸۣʥذʱС˵һ仰˵ȱѫֵأʥصͲ˵Ļ߲ܡ仰ҿ֮ģûа֮
ţ
仰üͷһ壬ɫ˵ʥصĵ͹ѫֵ
ǧȷ鼫Ϊţȫʥط꼱æ˵
֪ˡվ۾΢΢۾϶֮У¶˿˿⡣
꿴ı飬ʱһϲ֪ʦֶɱı־ʦƽʱԹȻŭĺȴء
Ķʵ
Ӧڷħ롭
˵һ̤뿪˷䣬һ⣬ħȥ
̫ˣǸȥ
ļ˵˶п⡣
Ͳҵİֻɱǣôصĺƫƫ˵ôһ䣬ŭʦ֣
пЦһħȥ

ʱ컯磬޼̾ۼϿյ֮С
ǧꡢ޼̵λϣۼһ֮УĴڣңԶߡ
Ŀ޴ޱȣصķ
ǧ㣬㿴ִˣϲ˵ղһ˰ǧأȻٶȻˣҲȽǣֻ䣡
ԭζʮǧˣۿҪ񵥣ǳżڣѾʮ֮ǰˡ
ƶο϶ǧ궼ϲ⣬ĳɼԽߣ޼̵ķͻԽ㣬ҵҲס
ǧ֮ǰαǰǧӦǻɱһЩߣٶˣӦڻɱޣƣӦûصǰġ
ɱˣһٶѫֵˣûڷϣѫֵߣһɱǰҲֻ࣬аǧѡ
ʵϣµʱ䣬ڰϿǰĲߣѫֵߵþˣǵĲѾǳֲˡ
Ϸ֮ǰҲ˵Բһ·ȥ֪ΪԭÿεͷŶֻ֣Ҫ˾ͺãһαȻǣ˵ʮٶȣǰһһºԭǰξԲ⣬ǰ
޼ĴЦţλҪżֻҪԤѡһͻᱻһľٰ췽תƵص㣬ʱϷԻλȥֻܹһǧˣĳɼҵӦúס
ллˣϵݶ飬ӺͷġǧϿҵ˵ôǳģڻеôϷġ
ǧ껰˼ӣЦݡ

ʱν磬ħ롪
ӲٱĺɫɽϣĴǴĿĵľ޴ѿڣһҰ޵ľ޿һ㣬ķѵʬ壬ɢʯ֮ϣĵʧɾգµģֻһ㵭Ѫпŵģʼ֮ɢѪζ
һ޵ЩǻɱһǻɱЩѫֵۻǧϵĲߣõξԣҪõĸӡԲ֪Ҫá
ţ˫ۣԲﷶΧǿ޺Ͳߵλþ۵ףѡһһš
ಣ
ɫӰգֻǶ̶̵ļϢʱ䣬¶ݹ⣬ͣһ޴ʯϡ
ʲôˣ
صһ˲䣬߶ʱһԪתȫ䱸Ҳ׼
Ƕʥصͳһŷװؿʥصӡǡǿģ֮⼸߶ʱɫ̫ˡ
Ǹųֵǹ֣
ûǸ˺ǹ
ڷħȻɱ˲ǿޣһЩ۵ԸҲɾķɱսĳЩȻ߿ˡ
֮ͬ䣬ɲͬ֯鱨ڷħȣһǿˣǻܿһʼв۵չֳǿޱȵʵʱǾͻˡ
ڣ
һߣʥصĵϣͱˣͲһˣʥصĵмɵ
ѣҪطʥصУΪ׵һڷ˵
΢΢һЦνԤѡԣÿأһ˵
㡭ڷɫһȴҷԼĶ֣Ǿôߣȴ̲ס
άȵʱͻȻһХתͷһһԼӰӼٷ
Ǻǡʦ֣ʦˡ̫ˣ


1204 
ʦ֣
ڷĻ߷׷գȻһ׷Ӵշٶȿ죬ǷйУȴΧγɾҵĦХ֮Ȼ˹ڰ׷ٶȵжǴġ
ֻǼգۣ׷Ӿʹ߷ɵǰ¶ݹ⣬صĲһɫʯ֮ϣֱȵǾʯѿҷ䣡ƣľˡ
׷վ֮󣬾̧ͷХƮһͷɫķ
ͫʾȻǻҰɫͫʵ״ȻֵԲ״ߵͫһģһ
ļϣһɫߣͷһǣִ׷ӵ壬ͷڰ׷һ࣬¶ӡ
ǴߣʥصĵӶϲ⣬Ȼʦ֣
ʦֿǰʮĶ֣ºˣ
ߣ֪ʲôʦֵʵɲֹǰʮŵߣֻʦֲϲͷˡ
ĵһЩʥصĵӷ׷׷УַУȻϲ΢΢üЩһƨûĶԣסˣǸĿڿС
ʦ֣ҪΪʦǹļһҪԳߣһҪǳ֣
û죬Ѿɱöʥصӣʵǿֻܱ۸Ӷûӣȫʥصϣ
̫ˣûʥط
Щ˵ţǼݹЩˣħɱӡ
г˼棬ۺ죬꿴֮󣬱¶ЦݣСӣһ룬ҵˣҾ֪ڷħ룡ǰɣο㻹ôŵóȻ˵ʥص˶ǸͲ˵ģͲˣԺһһΣʥأɱ㹦ѫֵ
ٺ٣˵ûʶľͿģǻɱ㼸ΡСҲŸ͵
ǵĻȴķУһۣһĿ⣬˶ʱһͣЦ˵ˡ
תͷ˵˵ʥ㣬֮ã˵ʥصĵӣǸ͹ѫֵġҲǣ
Ȼȴ̺һѹΪߣʻԳѹˡ
΢΢һЦΪģ仰˵ģʥˣռԳһħ룬õĵطǰռˣֻܺȵˣҪвɱֻɱˣȴɱǵĵӣĵȻ˵ֻҪҸҶǣɱ㹦ѫֵҲƾͼƣվţһɱһɱһ˫
˿ƴѹӦ˵ȫûо
Ĭ۾΢΢𣬶۾϶¶Ŀ⣬ȴŷ޾ɱ
ҲԭʲôҲʥƽʱΣǣңɱʥصӣҲὫΣ㲻ʥأһ³ֻ
˵䣬϶һֵ÷ǳͻأû˿ôóģ·һʼƵġ
⽣Ȼһ
ѪһҪκͿԽֱۣһɫһ㡣
һеЩ⣬ԽǹŹֵıԽǲ׶ԸΪ㲻Ϥ
ǰϲƵǴߣʮأʵĶ֣±ǿһĶ֣ʮּɵһСģͻΪԷŹֵʽ﷭
˷ѪǹһǹȻ
ޱ飬ʱϵĴߣĿĺ⣬ǿҵĺ֮У˼һĻˣߵ·ڻ˿֮С
Ŀһ£Լ޵
ʱˣϢٶȴ쵽˼飬ֻһ˲䣬ǰֱ
Ϊֵٶ̫죬þȫһӣһ˲䣬Ȼĩں棬ǵﵽͷʱ򣬴ĩ˾ͻᱻ˦Ըٶȣˡֱ˵ǽ˵һӣ
ݣ
һ죬ɫȻֱͬߵӣֱüġ
ڳӽüĵһɲǣֻڵѪҺڣѪ֮·ĳǣ֮
Ѫ֮򣿡
ĿһԪתƾѹ궯ѪһһӰ˳ȥ
ݣ
ļֱ죬Ȼû䵽ȴȫѪӿ
֪ǵɫ⣬ֻǽյʱ򣬴һֻеԱӹ֮䣬ʮɵľ룬˸е˼ǣǵӹֻ֮еȻһ𣬶ͬһ˵Ѫһ㣬Ȼըˣ
ѪɣѪ
תۼ䣬һͷеޣͱŧѪңûбĽУΪǱѪ
Ѫ֮һ⾳ѪѪ֮Ѫ⾫ڣöԷ屬ը
ֻҪ⿿³
һսʽ˵꣬һΪĽ⣬ʵѾˣ
ҲܵһЩӰ죬ǷѪѪ֮ȹ̲٣һ棬ڵѪ֮ҲԶһǿһܵѪ֮ǣҲǿ
ţߣ
Ѫ֮ĸӦʮһۿһߣɾ൱ߡ
Ѫ֮򣿡Ŀһ˿˷֮ܺɫսַȤʵϣμһ֮һ̨ʶĶţЩˣսַķ죬۽硣
ЩˣĶ֣ǵսַȴļʶպƵĵˣΪԷսʽԿ
ޱ飬˵Ѫ֮򣬶ǡ򣡡
δ䣬һγǲһüһ弱ˣҪٶȱĽʱԾһĻˣ壬·ͻȻû˹ͷһţֱۣȻ쳤ɳֱ׷
һĿڣ
ǡ
ͫȻһ˵壬Ȼܷĸı䣿
Ѫǹǰһǹ£ҪһȻʱĽȻһһ˷ѪǹǹˣƿѪǹؿڣĴ


1205 ѹ
ʲô
д󾪣׷ֱ꣬һߣͬߣԲƱ˵ı
ֹսʽϤĶ֣һսһԿ
ڳʥصӿһĻĿȻһ
ʦֵľ򣡡
ܹıԼκβλƤ⡢ֱ࣬ۿѸʮ׷ˣޱȣûܶùȥСˣ
ʥصĵӶʮ㣬˵츳ʲôΪѾﵽ񺣺ڣȴֻ񺣳ڣǲţС£ԽսʤʥصĶš
ۿԼؿڴѪǹȴˣ֪ѾܶȥȻ磬ȫ
Ԫ⡪ɿռ䣡
磡
ĻԪһĳȻĻԪ൱ȻⶾһȴԵ棬˺ĻԪ
ʱıһɫĵȻţçӵĺɿռͬǧľ޷壬صںɫ֮ϣݺݵѹ
꣡
ԴʧȻŴ
Ŷݼסţ
֮ںϣ
Ѫǹƣܷľţ֮ƵĹǽžž죬תۼ䣬ɫ֮Уһֻ֣Ȼû÷Ѫǹһɫץ
һĻڳ߶󺧣Ѫ֮ץҪô
ʯ֮䣬ǸӦ֣ѾץϰΣǡץס˶ߵ磡
֮
һаѿʨԴ֮ıȫӿһĽУȫϹ֣İ
ΪڲϵѪ˵ʲôƾʼղӳġ
⡭ôܣ
ץס
ΧʥصĵӶǵɴ۾ҲоâȻͽֵֵѪ
ŷ֮Ѫȼգ
һ̣üļ䣬ӡǱŷĿĽ⣬ڵа֮Ҳȫɿռ䱬Ȼ֣ԼȻҪԼʧȥϵ
˼͵ֲĹ⣬ټѪѹµĶ֣
ܿ˳һĻԭȻʧȥѪⳡսͲôˡ
Ӱһֱӳ˺ɿռ䣡
ЦһһץѪһֻһͦѪǹ̶ֱ
裡
ŻıһڷѪǹţĿĻֱ졣
һǹֱѵʱͫͺȵ
ಣ
һǴ߾ȻƿؿڵƤȻǻгһѪҧʺ
ǽԼ壬Դⲿλðˣ˷ʤ
սַǻ֮ǰδ
սֶΣ
֮ͫսȼգʶôսַΪ˷ܡ
ۼ߳Цķ򣬵ھԵѹ֮£ķҲû壡
һͬʱа֮£аѿе֮˵̵ĺˮһ֮С
׻ֲཻ
¡
͵ıըϯԲӲɫʯĳݻ٣֧飡
߰˸ʥصĵӣӴƷɣһʱ䣬ҽвϡ
ؿڵĶǴߣ׵ĳһ˶ͷѪģ
ˣԪҲȫ飬ȫƤһȭͷСۣס˱ըȫȾѪ
סˣ
΢΢һ㵣һǹȻǿȼշѪֿа֮£ѾμӵһԤѡǿһȴˡȻԷȫѪˣϾˡ
ǿķıṹһۣ֮ͬ
򣬶ѪĿкܴĲͬ
Ǵϵıǿϣչˡ˿ǿս
ֻǸıṹṹʺϲͬ龰սȴܴҲ޷ǿ
˵ˣһ书й似
ֻһʽͼɣȻ޴ޱȡ
ȻϰΪޣսֻȵļ֡
ĻϣٲıṹôͲһһڶôˡ
ţʱվţһֲ˼Ŀ⿴
ֻ񺣳ڣȻԪ
޷ţ񺣺ڵΪԪͬҪ౶
ڣȻԪ̶ϣ
ĮԪǿȣȷʵҲ˵ȼչŷ֮ѪͿа֮ôǧ絤ݺ˰Ƚ񺣺ǿ߻Ҫ
ӴټͬУΪԪܶȴɵ࣬߼Ԫ̶ȾͲˡ
ˡĮ˵֣ѪѪƴȴʼѲã֣ҲѪģ˿ɼǣԿţǷѪ֧ŵ˵ֻһ΢С˰ˡ
ѪۿҪʧȥϵζţˡ
һսԼıûˣǺεȵ࣡
Цһ
Եǹսʽ֮أʵϣʶһսַôȫϢ֮ڣ
Ҳļ뷨򣬶ġ
ĵ˵
ɣ򣿡ЦһֻΪûܱƳҵļ뷨ѡ
ž֮ʱķƬȻЩƬδȫ򣬵ΪķʮֽʵĻ
ȥɡ
ĿȻһзѪǹ̶ֱ
ȻŹԷĹѫֵ˵ش
ۼɱһȫǽžžı죬壬Ȼͬ󣬸ֳһֻ޴ĺɫӰ
Ҫƴһˣ
žžž
屬ѣǽڷ·ʧˣʼĺصһֱ
Ȼʧȥ൱Ѫ֮ײѪǹ
ϰ򣬿ɲܸһǿ
Ե䡪ˣ
һ˲ڰŶݼ뿪ǧڰ˵֮£ٷֱһڴأ
һ۵Ѫǹϣޱȿֲ
ֵһʼʵѾע֣ʧȥֻƾѪ֮ƴһҲԲĶ֡
̫Զˡ

һ죬ͬĺӰһǹ飬ѪɽˣѪ


1206 ֮
һս
ʼգ˿ɼ֮⣬ơ
ֵˣ˵ҲȫԱģúɿռͰŶݼѹѪһɱֻûôˡ
֮ԾԵѹöԷķûзӵء
࣬Զ׼
ɱ龰ȻΧ಻ԶʥڶӵС
ǻڴ״̬ġ
ʦ֡ˣ
ΪС£ɱ̺ʵޱԡ
ۿſлѪ꣬ЩʥصĵڿĿж˿־;֮ɫ
ôܣ
ʲô
ԽСɱʥصĵӣ˴Ҳˮƽɣ
ЩʥصĵȻ˽˵ʵҲǰǿ̫ˡ
ǷħһˣȻǿ˵
ǶоֲͲţ
תͷЩ˿ĿƽĮͬĮһ㡣
Ŀ⣬ȴڳʥصĵȻһ궼Ϊ֮ĸо·Ŀʵʻǹâֱ˵ü֮䣬Ժ
ֿӣ
ЩʥصĵȻɢܣ
ǣӲˣȥɣ
Ӱһ嵽ЩʥصɢӵĵطзѪǹһѪСǹɢɳ
ЩѪСǹٶȼ죬תۼ׷Щӵĵӣֻ۵Щ˶ѪСǹ壬һҽж
һ˾ŸʥصӣֻϢ֮ڣɱɾޱȡ
ЩУֻʵǿ꣬ڱ߰˸ѪСǹ֮ȴһҲѾһϢˡ
ħֱħ
૵˵仰Ҳֻʣ¼Ϣʱˡ
ʱ䣬Σѫֵֻʣ°ٷ֮ʮˡ
ʧνأ
˵Ͳ
ĮĻһʼΪ۸һΣ˵һ֮ʵʵţѰҲڶˡ
ۣ
һöѪСǹ飬Ѫ
ɱˣЩ˵Ĺѫֵʵڲ
ҡҡͷǶĿͷϷ
ξ£ܿ컯˾ξƮ
֪ҰУ߲֮ɫμӵһԤѡǿţ
ܳξţܿԼĵĸӡԲ
֮ǰЩʥصĵ˵ǰʮ֪ĹѫֵǶ١
֣Щ߲建Լ塣
һʱ䣬ඥĸоůڵξԼȫ꣬׳󣬳ɳ
·ص˸ոջħʱʮ֮ʱļĸоơ
ԣ
͵һĹȣûĹ֮УʼϢӡǡ

ʱ컯磬޼̵չ֮С
ǧꡢ޼̵ϣڴ֮С
רŵ޼̵ӣȫĶסĹѫֵ
⼸죬ĹѫֵһֱȲӶʮ½½˶ʮˡ
ٶȣڶ̭֮ʱػǰѾǰ϶ˡ
ƻʱ֣⴩Ʋ㣬͸޴ķɫķӲӣͬɫɽӵĺ嫻һ㣬׳ޱȡ
һ̣֣ͻȻ˼£һʧˣζ˱仯λȻҲͷ˸ı䡣
ˣ
޼̵ӷһ㣬ʱʼѰЩ죬ԾǨһԽνϳԾǨҲǼʮǰɨһۣ׾ҵλˡ
һΣ޼̵ӣһɨȥǧûз
ϣֲˣһʱûҵ޼̵
ţ
ԭھڤ˼ĴȻۡ
Ǹղǰûҵ֣òǡ
Ǽ˵û˵ȥа϶Ȼʧδ֮⣬Ҳпδ󽵣类ɱˡ
죬ˣһ磬ֲ֪ж٣ʥص޼̵ӿѾǴ˵ŵҲǱɱˡ˵ʵУֻ˵ãߵˡ
΢΢Ƿֿǰңҡ
ϻû˵꣬ͻȻ֮ǰΪ˷ϣҪܿڴһʱˡ
ˣһ±֪
˵ţó򣬶ǧҲĿͶЩţңЩǱɱˣϾʵǿҲǿߡ
ǧҲһĬĬĿŴϢ
ܿ죬ϳ֡
Ϲŷ塪
ֺ棬Ĺѫֵֵڱ仯ȷе˵ڷ
ڳֳ֣Ѿǧһˣһһһϼӣ
תۼ䣬Ѿǧ˰򣬼̶ͻǧ
ǧһǧǧ򡭡
ۿַ·Ƶϵһɱһǿ߰
ǧ꣬ǵɴ۾۾һգգĿ
Ĺѫֵͻǧ򣬽űǧ
ǧǧİǧ򡭡
գĹѫֵͣǧ
һǧǧһǧζԭĹѫֵǧ
Ҳŵʥصʮֻʾ
֮ǰڵһһ̭ʱ޼̴ϿʱѾȹˣûʯĿһıǣһߵ̶ֳʵ
ΪһʮҲɱʥʮҵĸ֣ܻɱȸ֣ζʵŵһҲǴʥˮƽ
޼˵񻰰츳ˡ
ϣҵڷϵˣ˰ʮ
֪׾ҵλãΪȽϷֽ϶࣬ʮҲŵȫҡ
ˣһ˲ʹӶʮˡұΪҪһµġ
޼̴ţζţʵԶֹˣѾδĳɾͻˡ


1207 
ʱ룬һȫΰչͨɫׯ£ֻǿܸܵһɲçۻ֮η֮С
ʵʥλܲڵء
ʥأɽϣôٵһƬռ䣬ɽ൱һŴ
ǵֻܲʥλܲײˣܲҲʵʥĵطƽʱûܿ
οռ䣬ɲࡣ
ɫչΧκηʥ߽룬ʥأҲֻ״ܹڡ
ʥص
ʱڻɫ֮Уһɫ۵꣬һ֮ϣڱĿ
ӣüļгɫӡǣüƽòƽָ޳ߣһķӡڷ衣
ʱšһ죬һڰǰȼơ
ţ
۾
ʦˣ˭ģ
վ廯һ⣬ɳ˻ɫ˹񷶥ϣһ衣
Ƭ֮һʥͳһŷεһһŮ˹
˷ϵʥر־ҪһӴöࡣ
Ƿֱ͵ߵߣǰʮĲУʥռ˽ɣ
൱ֲ
ʦ֣ʦˣ
һŮееӿ˵ʥеУܹκϡΣֱӳΪʦֵģֻһˣǾʥصһӡƣ
꣬Ȼƣ
˵Ӽ˵һʱǰʮһĶʦܷԼһĹѫֵûб仯㻳ǰʮĲǰʮʥռˣʦܵǳ£ôһϵΨʦϵϣʦǰĵӣ䣬ʦĵӣһӦȷʦѾɡ
ôޣǲߣƳ˵ʵһ޲ɱһЩеıڣпвǰʮĸ֣Ǻë
Ӧǲߣ˵ӿ϶˵
ɫһǰһսʥϵѾɨأӴжһ̣û뵽ʥصӱɱһǶӡ
ʦ֣Ѿ鵽֮ǰʦǰħ룬ΪѰһˣǰʦܶһʥص鱨ѰһúɫǹߣѾʹúɫǹ߽Զŵ۶һǧ絤㣬ʦ֪
˵һ޳ŮӣƤ΢΢СɫԵʮֽҰԣһϳŮνʱڵ۶ϼһʥš
΢΢һЦ˵ţҸյνʱûϣû뵽ʵҵԤϡ
ŶüëһôԤϣ
֪ʱԶŵ۶ǿļ֣ųʥܵʥơʥƽʥȻ˫棬ɱ⼸˶ܵˡ
ߣһʲôʥܣʥ丮һ֪ʲôԵͻƽˣǰŽжٵ̣ȴʥ
ƶʥ丮Ȼ˲мǽ䣬ʥƳһʥԵЩ£΢ʩչһЩֶΣʥ丮ֻܹԹԵĸҪȻͱڡ
СӣȻߵ۶еĴǧ絤ҲӦײһݼĻԵԲʥأǮׯ۶Сеȵҵ۰ʱ䣬Ҳٸ״ӷŴǧ絤һݳ޵ҩֻ൱Ĺףʵ츳죬Żᷢһö
϶лԵһ㣬ǵ飬ӦǳϹŷ壬ʥص
ʥأʥ丮ˣ⣬ĵλʥؼȷʵۡ
ǵģ츳ǷдԵܵһʥصԺǵʱڷħɱ˲ˣռʥصͼӵԳ˭һ㣬ͱɱˡ
Ů˵Ŀ΢΢һ䣬ɱʥصˣҲûӡ
ǵΪǵһ֣ʥصˣû˸ǷҲʥص˳֣ల¡
Щ˵ɱǰʮʥصĵӣɱ˼ʮˡƿЩͼӶԣṩ˶ٹѫֵɱǺݺݵĴʥص
СɫƤĸŮ˵ʦҪֶԸ
ұɱţѾʥصĲˣɱֻΪʥغ۸պսȨԽԽ࣬μӵһЩˣɶǸδĸ߲㣬ƶˣʥ۵ӡʥصʵܵӰ죬ǵһЩͲҵδô˳
ƿһźаԵǵĸ̣ǻẦţһǿɲŵĺãֻ䱾ôߵҪ̵ô
ԡ
ڵһǿƣһΪʥиõĳɼڶҲΪ˸ЩδľߣʥصжǿƣδִƸʱʵʵģҪһЩͷ
ǣµȷλãΪֻҪʱȷˣҪھ͸ȥħ룿
ڳŵ
ָʹ˵ߣɶǧרȥħսһСӣԷͨʥسΪԽݡ
ߵеЦ˵ĶԣҪǣʦֺεݣôȥСû
ߣȻţڲҳսģ
ãȥ졣
е˵ȼһϢܿͷͳȥˡ
⼸£ʥרŸ鱨ĵӣϢܿ촫ݵħǰߵ
ʦҪˣʥصŵӣõϢϲ⡣
ǿǴʦ־һĴڣǶܳʦ֡
ãСӵĩյˣЩ죬ڷħߣ۸ҵĵزΪʥˣ
ʦǿҵСӣԹȥǸϽͷҰɣһ˵ţҪչȥ
һЦһ򵥣ôȥңҵġ
ǵ˵꣬ɵУʹͬһ󡣬󺰵ڵˣʥشʦ֣ǵһսɣ
⹦ԪעУӵ׵ĸһǧһӴСħ롣


1208 ۷֮ս
ķħ֮УĹȣЩĹʮΣУ󷨷סڣͻγһ԰ȫء
ʱһĹȣд
յξȫӡǣڣӡǹڣһԲˡ
ľÿһֶӦһϵͬħħ黹ϿֶҲӦ˾ӦòɺϣԭʹڵĵϵϵĿֻΪ淨ԭֻоԪϵʵá
û´Ļħħ顢Ͽ塢ԪϵӦ֣Ӧϵ°빦ĻԪ׷սųɿΪħ飬ԪӦҲǷ˫ޣΪټħĸȻ޳˵ǣ
оԼжЩϹŵԽԽܷʥܵõħȫҲǰħҲĳλԵߵõܸɴһƽ١
ܽħħ顢Ͽ߼룬پޣ֪ʵﵽ־硭
ĳ̶ȣоѾ޷ˡ
Ԫ֮ԱΪǿĴڣΪԪϵͬʱһϵϣҲмߵĳɾͣͲܹˡ
޾Ԫ壬ܵõϿħͺˡ
ʵħֽ׶εԼ˵ǼֵСģΪĳɾ͡
ʵ㹻֮һҪȥһħӡȥеʲôܣһöħ飬ǲ桭
ţʱͻȻңԶգģĺΪЩɽֺƲ֮伸صѾһƬԱ
ԼԼģƺԼ֡
ţ
üһӰһһ̣ѾԼĹȡ
Ԫע˫֮УЩ
ڵˣ
ʥشʦڳſڵ㣬ɸһս
ͷڹ꣬ҳ𣿡
ֹһʥصڽк಻ϵԪעУħ롣
ʥصĴʦ֣ô
Ȼǵ廪ɽ˵֣ѫֵһ
ʵΪӦڶĸ֡
ƣǳŵӦս
°ͣ¶һ˿ζЦݣ˼ұ㣬ȴˣŵսǲȥԲˡ
Ƶս֮ãԷʥعѫֵߵˣɱõξȻʮֿɹۣ㹻ĸӡǣƽԲˡ
üʥصĵӣб߷ɱߺħҲˡ
˭ȻֵսѵħǸŶʥسֵļһ
ûԶŵ۶ģڵ۶ᣬ˴ǧ絤
ʲôڣʯ
ͻȻڵͷڳٲ߶ˣǴֻͨʥؼһ֡
Ȼʯȷʵɱ˺ö֣ǣ͵̫ˣʥصĵͼѹӣڡʥҪˡ
ʥǿƹˣϲƣ֪Ҳҳսߣǻسǿ
ţҲд⡣
ħȵڶߣʥصӵս֮󣬷׷ӿǡ
лĳСʥ丮ܣ档
ԼȻǵʥصͷϣֻĴЦ
ȻûɱܿҲһڶʥƽ͵
ʥ丮еϴʥȴ΢΢ǿ̣ɲĸоƣܻܲɱҲǸδ֪
ߣسǿϷʥƽ˷ܵ˵

ΰǣܿ;ۼڶĲߣڳϿǽֹ򶷵ĵط߶ɵƬȫشԷĹۿս
ʱǳſڣ߰˸ʥصĵվһţ߰˸ˣȻʥصĺĵӡ
ǰһŽΣαƿྫͼɫս£ɫۣ֮ϣһֻȭϣʮ⡣
ʦ֣Сӿ²ҪĻǲǰ׵ˡʥصĵ˵
΢΢һЦ˵õģѾˡϾҪ֡
ţ
˶ʱߣֻǸ򣬳һԼӰһ꣬еٶȼ죬һϢ֮ǰߣתۼ͵ǰ
Ȼ
ӵǲС

ȵǰľ޴㳡֮ϣĵʱĿ⡣
Щûˣ뿴˵ͷۣȻܹȻʥؽа壬Գ֡

Ҳûʲôرġ
էһȷʵûʲôرģֻԪĿǹƾ㣬жʵ
ϣ򵥶ֱӵʵ
ƣûлشȴǷһ䣬˵䣬΢΢˷֮ɫ
˼վĹΪⳡȶѽ
㲻ҲһĴϼгѪǹֺǹˣǹڿлһĻߣֱָƵüģ֮ⲻԶ
ǶǶԼʵŵˣ
Цţֽгһʥصˣýġ
˵棬սɣ
սһƱǣһ̵ͬһ߲ʵɽһ㣬޷ӡ


1209 ǿǿ
ͣ
ƣ·ʵʣͬǹһ˺ѿֱƵĻԪ̶
ɲΪ˵Ʋȷʵмֱ£ôھͳҵưɣ
˵һȫ嫺һޱߵϢƾǻһɺֱʣϵƶ忪ˣĲߣƱƵˡ
£һ
ʦֹȻ
ƾƾʵʦ־һǿߣֱ׷ˣɱ񣬷ɱ𣡡
˭˵ȴʦսȫĴʦ֣˭ܵ˵ֻ񺣳ΪҪӮʦ֣츳Ǹˣ
񺣳ڶ壬սƵ񺣺ڣΪĲ࣬ƽʱԽ⼸СսͬԷˮһ򵥣Զ˵涼ѾƽˣΪͳ˼Ӱأ츳ԽСܣʵǲ顣
ƴչΧʥصĵӶһɴ۾ΨִսκһĻ
꣡
һ̤ʯ飬һţͷ·̤˵ϣΪ֮Ȼһ͡
ҿûҶʱɣ
ƴһʥص߻ʲô߶Ǿˡ
䣡
ĸ֣˵Ǵ˵еĴ
ƾȻ䣿
죬䣡𿪴Ķѧѽ
Щͨʥسߣ𾪵˵ˣĽ֮⣬䣬ܵĶ
ʥصĵӣЩ˵ķӦһԺȻǸûѧ䣬ҲΪԼʥԺ
ʥص䣬ʱõģʵϣһִʥأ䣬ΪǵĴ̫ǿˣЩʱμӵһ䣬ȫõǰĳɼˣ죬õҲͲˡ
䣬Ҳֻÿһ״еĵһˣʸ֮ϰ䣬Ϊֻһ飬һǲȱġ
һֻܹһ˲ʥôˣ֮⣬Ҫĸ߲㣬ôŶӣôֵͨӣ
ңΪȱʱҪֵָ㣬͸Ӵѧϰһεĳɱӳ֮⣬ˣûܵ
ߣ䣬ʥشӽʱˣʦֻʲôֵġ
һʥصӹȻͲм˵ʵеޱȡ
Ǵʥصĵ̣Ȼ˫ʥ丮Ⱥöʥأʥأ۴СƸʥظûаɱԣ
ͨʥءóݺĽţЩʥصһҸбͺñȣʶĹ壬֮װƣԳԽȻ
ǲ˵һ䣬Щû
ЩˣҲ㿪۽ˣܼʶ䣬ԸǸɵСӣʦֶʸ񣬷ǾͿˡ
һ˵еϣܹһˣΪҲûƶ䡣
ʱս룬ĮȻĿơ
䡭
֪ʥص䵽ʲô
꣬ʥصĳսƽֵʱ򣬳սѧϰҲ䣬ǳһƬĹ˵ףǳԴġ
ԴȻԭ湦ûпɱԡ
ͿˣͬǴʥأʥأԲʥء
ʱƳˣĽɽ⣬Ľиһ
âҫ
һնһһɴϸĹֿգ˺ѴأӲĺɫʯն׵ĺ蹵
ڵһŲæа֮зѪǹͷ߸£һǰƣصڵ֮ϣֻ¡һ죬һƸ͵ϯ֮ʯƿʯ졣
һǹâһâײһһʱ䣬֮һˣµײγ˿ֲĳҵıը
ʯɣɽ忪ѡΧ߷׷׾ųſԪڽںˣһЩֱӱѪǿɶŵӣԶĵطۿսȴҲˡ
ɴ˿ɼ˽ֵơ
ʱȻһ̤廯ʵĲӰ뿪˲ǧʱһͷޣ
㻹Ƕõɣ
Ե䡪ˣ
¡
ڽȫעֻа˷ִϸķѪǹǹ֮ϣ˼еѾ޷Ͳǽܹġ
֪ͫһǹͻȻģ
Ϊʥصһ֣Ȼǵ֮ӵ߹ͬʱһӵгӰһ˲仯һ˵Ӱֲʵ
ڳԣǹйǿΣ򲻵ˣʲôöûУҵȻ䣬ҲԴĶ
ƿЦţǹǱȽǹֻҪ㹻ܱܿ
΢΢һЦ磬а֮ħⱬ

źɫţçƬ򣬺ɿռ俪
Ƶǿ֮⾳Ȼںɿռ֮£һ˸Ӱһʧһ߸ƱҲɿռӰ죬Ԫתá
ʲô
д󾪣ʱѾɱǰ
зѪǹֱ£
ͫնص
꣡
ڽ֮£ƷĽâ˺飬Ѫǹֱն£նƵ飡
ɫ䣬令󷨣
ڷѪǹƵһɲǣƵΧγɺʵĽɫϱڣȻǽϵ
ʥأÿһӣҵʺԼķ͹
ܲˣһǹնɫ֮ϣֻǡľ죬ɫܲ˵Ѻۣȫѿ
ΪɫܵĻ壬ǿնڶ
꣡
ҫ۵Ľ⣬նڷѪǹ֮ϣƵ壬ͬһɽײһ㣬˲䵹ɳȥ
޴ûȫйɾһ֣ݵƵ֮УȫѪӿ
㵹ɳʮľ룬ס塣
һƳ˴ƽԼ궯Ѫסɫޱѿ
㡭޷ţôֲıȻֻ񺣳Ϊ
ʲô
ûлش𣬵˵㻹óɣ


1210 ħ
ۿƱһǹҷɣʥصĵӱ鶼ɵˣǿ޵еĴʦ֣Ȼˣ
ô
ʦ֣
ʦû°ɣһЩӹеĺ
ʦô£ղŴʦֻûзȫʵ䶼ûáһЩƵĵ˵ż˶ԣǵżĲ˭ҲԸϣΪ˾͵ڷԼοڣƻûжá
ʥصͨӣͲ˽ƵʵֻǺˣʥǰĸ֣ȴƵĵʮһóȫʵսᱶʵͬն
ʦˣ
ǲ˼飬ʦֵĹƽȫǶ֣ҪڶѪˡ
ƣȻ
Сӣôѹƣ
Ⱥ֮У޷ǰһĻԹĶҧгݵ˵
ϷģſɱŰôҲû뵽͵̶ֳȣһǹƣ
սûƻ䣬¹˭δأʥƽ˵ʱսһֱһ浹ȻǱѹƵһͻȻһ֮ʣһӷΪʤҲϡ棬οƵ֮䡣
ͨʥصĵ˵ǿɼĹ
𡭡ʥ΢΢ָо¼䣬ӮĽδأ
ܸо̫أ̫ǿЩˡ
ǿǿɵѹƶ֣Զ֪ʵ
ţһ񺣳ڵߡ
Ҫˣ
֪䵽ʲôӵĹҶȲˣ
Χ۵ߣ۾
ʵЩˣͲ֪ʲôĴڣûҪ˵ȥ˽ˡǲܸһ׹ǿͷǲ䣬˵ЩСʥҲñΪ䣬ܵĴڣ֪
㾿ʲôˣ
ƶɫѿޱȣţһʥسĵӣܹﵽ츳񺣳ڵʱҲ˰ɣ
㲻ѾˣΪķһ䡣
ߣ츳ȷʵߵ޷󣬵ǣսʤģǾԵʵҪʶҵ䣿ôԸ
˵䣬ԼԽԽǿʢžžĹǽڱ忪ʼθߣ޾ӿ棬γһܵƬͬħһ㡣
䣬ȻƱ
ڵǿ۾оӵеڲϵʩչ䣬һ䡣
ڵ䣬һа֮طҪǸ͸׻֮а֮ġ
ɿռ䣬Ǹ䡣
Ϊֹδֱӹ䡣
䣬ΪħǱϵ䣬ħһʩչ˻öħֱӱΪħʹߵĸٶȡȣߣҵħȻҲ󣡽аɣ
ƿЦţȻԼĳִֽлһؽ
ƵѽһһأĽΪƽϵٶȣʩչ֮򡢽֮򡢿֮⾳
һͨؽѪƵǿʵ
ţѽ
һΪֹѾü˫ˣȵĽƣ
˫Ҳǣӵкڰ˫ֱʩչҲ˫Ƶһһˡ
˫ߣһʹãǲͬĽвͬãȻٶȿ죬Ƕȵ꣬仯ǹѷİһĿʽԵЩѵס
ǣǾͿڶ
ѪȻǽ״ɱ󿪴ϵҡ
ǽһˡؽ޷棡
ڣԭƵħƵѾһΣͬնˣ
ٺ٣һ䣬ѪͨɳѪ죬شһٶʮħ״̬£ҵľѪܷӳǿ
ԪϵߣϵߵǽԪע֮Уͬ߶صıֻûôˡ
΢΢һЦڵǴӲӲô
ɣ
ƴһһԾ
˾޴һžͽʯ̤ۡ
¡
һն£һ̣ȫѪڣĴս֮á
Ŷݼ뿪֮ױ

һһ̣ڣ·һͷڸգ
ڳߣһеѪ֮궯Ҫ籡Ӱˡ

˶оĵ񻰣˿ܴﵽĻԪ֮⣬Ҳ˴ﵽ
ڰŶݼףȻ˵񻰣ţҲǴ˵ˣ˴ﵽǸʹδʶ
ŵ˫ĿͫⱩֳַѪǹ׼ƵһȻ
꣡
ѪѪǹ޻ڵĻײһվĵطΪģΧʯ棬ȫ鱬ѿγһƣӳȥ
˿ֲײǼƷʥҲ˲飬ƵƷʼߣҵײҲûκˡ
ǣ
Ѫǹ¡
˫ݵ£ٷ飬ѳ΢
㣡˫ֳֽĿǲ֮ɫ㾹Ȼôǿôܣ
꣡
ƻӽն
ǹɨ
ǹཻ޴Ľ쳹أ
ϣϣϣ
һδεײƴɱԿ죬ǿսǿ
˽ֵʯأȫըѿʯɣ޴ͬһӣؼ䲻ϵ죬ÿһӵĺ·˵ϣ˹͸оѪӿѪ궯
Ϊĵһɫ԰ףû취վڸˣǺ뿴ⳡսҲòԶԶ˿Ҫ࣬Ѫɣ
Ϊ˽ֱŷľ޴̲֮УΪߣֱӱñ
¡¡
ɽ𶯣زĺɫʯɽϹ䣬һϯħһ㣡
ⳡսţ
ôҲû뵽۷ֵĶԾȻݱֳ档
һԪϵĸֶԾǻʽײӵķԾӲǶҰֱӵķʽಫ


1211 ɱ
Ȼսʽ
ͨʥصĵӣսʽ˵δš
ƾҲܱ˿ֲս
кܶ˶ò˼飬ڴ˵ĹУԪǿģĴйԪķֻԪ֮ϣЩ룬ݴΪˣķ
Ԫǿǹϵġ
ˡһǰʮĲҡҡͷƾսƻԪսֻõ䣬ﵽЧѣⲢ
Ԫ߶һֲܱԪעشϻͬʯأشЧһġ
ӣ˫ޣͬʱھԪϵϵϴﵽߵĳɾͣ治֪״ﵽʲô磿Ǹ
˽̸֮䣬ѾϰУ
֮Уǣҵײֿײٷֿ
ÿһײѣ
䣡
һնӰһһӰܿһնһɫĴɽ֮ϣֻһһɽɽϣбһǧɵɽ壬ɽббĻ䣬¡¡ľ죬ضΪ֮
һǹƱܿһǹһǰƣббĶһǧ£ͷβһһ˸ߵͨ͸󶴣ֻľ죬£̮ˣ
ҵĽ֣ڳڶĲ߶˵ˣˣޡ
Ȼ⼤ҵսУԽԽľ
Ϊóħ㲻ϻҲܺܿĽƣʤ֣û뵽˰Ȼս
ԡ
ڣѾϰУÿһУÿֲǼģû˿о࣬ƣѾʮǿ֧ˣ
ܣôܣģʲôط֧ŵģ壬޵׶ôԪ
޷ţֱһ֪ƣĻеܣôʵ˵ԽսԽ£
ԪѾĹ룬ȫƾһţѾ͸֧͸֧Ԫˡ
ôȥѱ֤Լս
Сӵҧֳ֣ӣǿ̶ֳȣ
д󼱣ôȥɣֻƴһ
¡
һ죬ٴײһ𣬷Ѫǹ΢΢˫ֺٷѪǹƣǷһȣƾսսȼգѪڣúˬ
ȻƺѾȥˡ
Ϊֹô
㣡ҧأоԼΪԪĹģѾܲסˣ
ͻȻһ˫ۼⱩŤǽڷžžı죬˫ź磬ȴǵĴݣɶóȫȻǰһƣ

Ľµʯױѣֻоһɴ壬񱩷еҶһ㣬ֱӱƵĵɳȥ
䣡
ײһɽ壬ʯҷɣȫѪӿޱǱΪԪûˣǱֱ˦ȥ֤Ѿ¶
Ҫô
ˣţҵײȻͷβ治ɫͲģ·ղżսĲһôܣ
ڶߣǲ˼֮ɫѾݻٵĿȫǵķħ룬һսĵľ޴Ȼȴûао⻹ô
ǹֱָƣ˵ˣ
ͻָһֱƣղ衢ǣټźȥħƷѪ֮Ѿǿ˼飬̶ȵսȫƾһָӦͲô
¹˭ֻδأ
ҧ˵ͷ𣬽վѪȫʣĹעУ
Ҫƴһ
ǣ
ϵѪܱ𣬲Ƥ鿪ѪҺɽ
һƣֳַѪǹǹбָ棬Ŀޱ侲

ƱһһԾȫעһУֱնüģ
ۼһն磬а֮ȼգЭͬŶݼ׵ȫ
Ե䡪ˣ
ȫһͬӿĺһ˱һ˸ߣЩȫƺն¡
һƴһһƴ˽ֵڣǿһײ
¡
ʯأʧȥɫʯ޴գеؽ߸߷ĻԪͬһ㱬飬˱ѪǹֱӻУȫ飬ȫϣͬһһ㱻׷ɳȥ

ƲȱȫʬڵϣͷǶѾѣɵѪĶͷ£գ˲źãȻ֮ɫҪ˵ʲôվһֶû˵ʶѸٵš
ƣս
ѪɵƣٿǷԲ֧ĺɫأԼ֮ϣǹվ
ȫһ仰˵ˡ
ƣȻϣ
С磬Ʊɱֱǲ˼Ľζпܳɾͽ
ʥأЩƵĵӣȫɵˣ޷ʵĿУһĴڣȴ
ЩſϷߣȫˡ
ʥƽֻо޷ԭųνͿʼֱڣδпܳΪǴҲͨ˫ʥ丮Ҳһͨôܵ
ˣп𳬼ĹעЩǰ˫ʥ丮Ͳˡ
ʥ̾һ૵˵ӽԺǶߣνԺ׼͵Ϲŷ壬ܹⳡìܣǸ֮䣬ԭͲСԸҪǳڰɱʲôģȥδܳɽ죬˵ܱӻĳָԤû˱ӻҪɱҲԲףɱôδˣ
ʥ˵䣬΢΢ҡͷԭ͸оɲ⣬Ҳû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣƵսûóȫʵǸδ֪ˣѾ޷ˡ
ʥƽоԼı飬ҲֻܴʣȻ߰Ҳɵʥ˵ģΨһѡ
ʱѵĴ֮ϣƵʬ壬ĻɾƮ˹Ұ֮УĲʹɣâǰδеҫۣǿξ


1212 ѫڣ
ơ֪ΪҴξ
ڻɱֵ׷ѾǹѫֵõԷξӡǣϵޱȳԡ
һʱʵٶȣǷǳ졣
֣ЩξȫգһǰδеˬУȫָоɳĮ˶գ͵ˣͻȻҵһƬޣȪ֮ϴ˸һ
лƣƻʥص磬ͨӶͺаԵô๦ѫֵҲ
Ŭۼɣ
һ۹ѫֵ⹦ѫֵȻڱǣٶȣǰ
ԭֻʮڣȴƲɵٶȣǰʮǰ壬ǰȥ
ʱ컯磬޼רŵĵӣȫʮʱרŸ
Ϲŷ壬ͬҲÿһѫֵı仯¼
ͬʱѫֵıǡ
ٶȣƷȫһӾͳǧ򣬽ǧǧ
Ĺѫֵľ޷һ֣·Ѿʧȥԭе塣
ǧˡϾǧòɱ˴ǰĸְɣ޼̴˵
ǧסԭŵʮ޼̵ķѾ㹻㹻ˣ޼̣޼ȫ£̫ϳϡϵȵи߲㼯ӭ
ڣĳɾͣȴԶֹʮѾǰʮۿǰ壬ǰѾ˼ˣ
ڣĹѫֵٶȣҲûаƲɵƴﵽ˾ǧ
ǧ򣬾ǧ򣬾ǧŰ򡭡
ڣ
Ĺѫֵͻһڴأ
һĻλڳ󹬵еĻʯЦ˵ʲôţ˵ˣڶĹѫֵ϶ڣǿܵһǧɣСӣ϶ɱһĸ֣룬һô񣡡
ʯӶˣʱ棬緢
ϾҪȭιʥŮߺһ㡣
޼壬ŻʯЦôǷӣжܲζ
޼壬ҵĵӲôôأ
Ϲ壬ЦҲЦˣϹһֱĴ޼壬ϹŷֻڶڣϹ廨ѴۣһΪǰʮŬʵûϣﵽϹŷĵӣѾǰ壬һڳ壬ǰ⡣
ǰǰʮĲ֮࣬ݡ
ڣѫֵļޣյ֣ͣһǧ򣬻ɱƣһΪ˾ǧѫֵ
ҲһԾΪڶ
ɱһƣҲζܵõһʵԭڶ֮书ѫֵҲһǧõɵĹѫֵټԼԭеģܹѫֵվǲһ㣬ӵڶ
ε仯Ѿֹǧꡢʯ˹עˣ仯ǧдķϣ񣬱עţ
ɱ֮־ʹӷλȻʧԼٶǰȥһǧ࣬λǧʮ
İ񵥣֣Գĺˡ
ڷλǰǧƽһ磬ǾǴһ
ֻܽǰǧ㹻ȫĹע
߼ǿЩ죬ǰǧЩˣ඼סˣЩˣɶδǿߣжȻн
ʣµˣȻܳΪǰ벽Ҳûκ⣬벽ȻԶҲǸƴ£Ķ󣬺ܶͨʥأĽ֮⣬δа벽һһµİ벽Ϊͨʥƴ£Ķ
ڳ磬ɫᣬ֮£ߣڹעŰ񵥵ı仯
ĵһվϹŷʮֹ֮һ֮𲽵ĵط
ĵӣڹעŷ񣬷ӣ׵ȷҪﶼڳ
˷֮⣬¶ģֻŮӵ﹬ҲڹעŷΪ׵Ĵʦ·С𰣬ߴݺݺһȺƯŮӣԭΪ¶ģΪ﹬ɫĵӣ¶ѾɵܲˣҪ¶ĳɼֻͨ
ڣ﹬ˣǸλڷǰУޱҫ۵֡Ϲŷ壬
ɨʥصţΪһ߼죬δ
ֻһ½߰ţȻǵã½ʱԶŻ˳ǵһοĳʱֻΪܹɾڣ˲ΪϹŷһֹҪԴ򣬴˷
ʱôҲ뵽۵꣬Ȼﵽ˲˼ĳɾͣ
ڷ·С𰣬Լһμӻ﹬ӣҲǸĳǵеĲˣڻۼ
ڻǣǧնõŷﾫѪҲȫû뵽ﵽĸ߶ȡ
뵽սսƣڻкɨ˷ĳٿڷҫ۵֣ٲ﹬о죬
ߵ磬һ˵츳ںƷԵڣЩȫУʡ࣬Ҳ׿ȺȻԵġ


1213 Դ
֪ԼͶӰǧ磬Ҳڵ˼η棬Ƶξ֮󣬾ֱǶȥҪչӡǡ
Χĵӣ׷׸·
ֱ뿪ǻվԭأЩ֮ǰһС
񺣳ڵΪս޷ɾʥ֮ǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
Σ֣ӽ쿪ʼע磡
صԼסʯϣûеһʱ俪ʼǱĿڤ˼ղŵս̣ӻѰߡ
һսӡ̵Ĳ֣ó䡪ħ
˵һױϵ䣬ٻħħħ䡣
ȱúħܹͬʱǿߵٶȡȵȣȫߣƵħֻڱ棬ñʹãȻܹԪ濹ڽ
ܵõħĻҵĲԵ䣬Ȼٽһʩչ˵ʱ󣡡
в뷨뵽ҡͷЦ
ڵ䣬ÿһ֣аҪ
ֻ˵̫ˣΪƽгɾ͵ܽᣬûвǿġ
ʱǶϷĳһʢ߲ʻ£һ꣬ڲݴУϲűֱϥұĴϥϣʮ⡣
ƺ˺ܾˣ壬˻ָ꣬һֻǺų龰ޱ͡
𡭡ȻɱƣһȤĶ֡
ţһ˫ںڵ۾īһ̷ǳĸɾ㡣
ֻɫĲ԰ףĿƤ֮ɫѪܣǴ󲡳һ㡣
ָ΢΢һָϵĺƫƫ𣬷ŨܵĻˡ
꿴һĻĵһЦʱͻȻһתͷԶĻԡ
ɣˣ
šԱֿһźɫۼ׺ͺëĹﻺ˳һֻɫԳ֫ŵأò
ëͷ¶һͷεı飬㻹ô˦׷ˣôҪô
ţһöɫľ壬ϷƵĳġ
һöǳƯɫ壬ֻӤȭͷСϾģһɫڲϵζţ·һɫСһ㡣
ĵöϾϾһһµţ¡
Ǻë￴һĻɫͫжʱһ̰⡣
ǣûϳ֣Ȼڼɵꡣ
վ˵ô׷ᣬôҪⶫôܸңʲô𣿻㡭ʲôҪޣ֪ǲͬģһЩ˵𡣡
ëĬֻǶź֡
֪ҵĻÿ˵ʱҶܿı仯϶ǻۡҽһ£ҽСһ֣һǼߣ޶ЩˣҲôƺң˵Ļ
ëûзӦƺرģԹԵ˵ܸоνйŹ֣ӸνʱҾָоˣһж̫ʵˣһʵ磬ʵڵģǴģҸоܣֻҲ֪ϾҲܣܸоܲѰ򲻵ĵطָоҺܲϲ
ңϾʲôʲôȻܶҵĻǾ͸ҴϢ㲻˵Ҳɣ
˵䣬ǺëͻȻһ˹ͫȻһںëϣȻǺëգ֮󣬽â飬ʯӵĴ죬ǿԷֿɽһֻնë
ã
Цһ֮ǰĽһһɴϸĽɫâһֱĹصĺںëϡ

ֻһ죬ëﱻɳȥûˡ
Ҳһֻһ弱˼ʮԶźë촽˵漬ѽ
ٺЦţĿųƵս⣬ƺΪֶе˷ܡ
ţвսģһʵĶ֣ἤǵĶ־սڡ
㲻ڣҾʹ㿪ڣ
һٶɱг
һһƥ
һʱ䣬ëﲻ֪˶ٽʹķŭһëһ㵹
ǷһȣȻ˼̣ҾͿ㵽ܲܳסҵķ硭ĲǽУǶѵĿռ䣬ռѵʱжǿռһѣҾͿܷܰɣ
£ΧĿռ䣬ۿɼŤĽŤĿռУҲƺˡ
ǺëҲܵвƵĵͺ
ݣ
һնҫĿ⣬ֱ죡
ëһʯ
˼ҵĽ֣ǧԶĸܵľ
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Ǳߣʲô˴ˣ
üңôԶҶܸе񾪾壬죬ʲôڽ֣
⽻ֵļҳ̶ǱȸղƵĽҲ˿ֽˣˣֲܱս
пǲ֪˭
ǹȥ
ٸߣϢսصȥ
ߣҲ˱ˡ
죬ط·𱻷ֿըڶ
ȻٽʱǱըȴȻȥƬ֮ȫʧˣ
˸ϹȥʱֻԲĴءɽȫһ׵ĺ蹵ݺᣬȻǽµģ
Ѫ
˭Ѫ
ǡɫëǺë˷֣һѪϣһëȻǹµġ
ûˣëڽ֣֪ʤΣǺëӦûҲˡǿ£ҲãǺëҲãܶԸ˵ģǺë֣жԶܶԶ
֪ǱΣ
ЩǸſвԪһľѣ磬ǿ߲ʥصĵһţȻǿģǺëпǿơ
죬ˡ֮Զģ֮ǰ̫ЩߣСųˡһʥصĺĵӸп˵
ȷʵǵĻ̫ˣлԵޱˣ츳Ѿߵ޷ˣ鰡ܴɱģǾ˽ܣ࣬ȴʥŶ£ʦֺʹʦֶˣǵ·
ʥصĺĵӣоӡһΡ

ʱһƬңԶǿ֮Уһ̶ɵ¥¥֮ǰһƾ
꣬ʲüļһ㵤飬ӢòȥЩ졣
ڰǰһɫľʯӣӳճǧս龰ι澵ӣԿνľ󣬲ܿķΧޣǧ磬֪жˣÿʱÿ̲֪Ŷս⾧ʯܿ׺һڶ㲻ϡ
ʱھʯϣӰһɫľ壬ɫУһ˿鶯ڲϵζ·ҪѶ
ʦãѵǾԴָž֮еϾʵʦòνз˾Դɣѵô
겻ŵʵڰߣվһȹŮǣ״ӡΡ
ʵ״ӣݱιеĵλιʥŮնˡ
ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷ˵ֻǾԴĳΡʦġ
Ů˵赭дǰȴզ࣬ԴǸ֮һĶ֮ʵıԴԴ桮񡯵ıԴҲηĻ֮ԴƺҲʦľԴһЩԴĳΣҲ˲ˣʦǴ󷽰
Ů˵Եߵ֮ҪõҲô׵ġ
õף͸ˣ겻ǿԲˣңҲҪӦУһСģͻʧܣںһƣԣĪĺôҶĽˣ֪ҲμԤѡˡ
˵֮ԴѾĶ޷ҵˡ
ֻһЩز֮У߱ղˣ֮ͱԪԴ


1214 һ
ʱһһĹȥһ俪ʼµʱ򣬷˱仯
Ϊʱйעİ񵥣ϵκη紵ݶᱻһʱͨУ֮ǰţ׷ڷո¶ͷǣҰ֮С
һγֵ֣ǡ
ͬûעߵͷ
ôҪôɢ޳ҪôǲԸй¶ݵܼ壬ǶܵĹŵӡ
ǰЩͷʢһһƥϵĺ
ƥڣȻһ嵽˷ŰپʮɱǰһǧȻҲǺʵһ
ĳ֣ȫǹ֮ǰķͷ
ʱóɼֻǧѡǰһǧ˲٣ϾԽǰԽ
һǧһˮ룬һǧ֮ǰǲ˼ǵеÿһˣǾ˽ܣȥһʥ֮УʥʥҪӦ
СӣĶðģ
ʯǹ൱ˬûнһֱ½Ѿ˷ǧˡ
ûʯˬˣСӣÿζԣĥʲôأ
ɱ֮󣬾ûɱһֱоıչأƴξȷʵǿڽӡԲֽĸӡ˳ɣԲҲԶˡ
˱øˡ
̧ͷܹвϵɻصиЩȥĲߣʵԽԽǿвӦڴŵһǧ֮ǰȻЩ˾㱻ɱΣһܺ׵ͨɸѡᱻ̭
Щ죬ַһЩ䡭֪ôˡ
ţ֪չصЩޣԽԽײСͣһЩޣɱǣֱӻѫֵЩѫֵͻͽߣǻɱЩۻġ
ȻЩ޵ʵҲǿ󵽲˼飬ʮҵߣһСĶЩ޵צ¡
ȻֻξռģǱ˺ĸоЩ£
˱֮⣬ǰЩڷħ룬սһĺëҲٶȳˡ
գ֮ǰʧʮ죬˳ɱʥصĶӣߵռ塣
ƺɱߵĹУëħҲԽԽǿ̸֮ɫ䣬Ψʱ
һЩʵǿĲߣԷδػɱ㣬ΪɱһЩ͹ѫֵ˶Ƕû塣ëͲͬˣ˭˭ߵĸ֣Ѿȫûܴߣ˵Ǳˡ
սԽԽңʱµҲԽԽٽ̭ˡ
̭ǧ֮Űپʮţ
ٳԵһ̭İٷ֮ʮš
ǰ̭̭ܱΪʮһ
ܹʮӱģеš
ҵɵˣ
¼ʱһԼѾ˵Ҳû̫⣬۾ͨɸѡ
ƣѾ׷ˣ׷ҵУ˵ʵ֮׷ȥףһˣ֪˭ҲǸ
ν磬ʲôʵͶӦʲôһﵽ֮󣬺ˡ
ʱνգҫ۵Ĺâһɲçս٣Ӵޱȵѹ
ߣѹ֮ǵһ±󻯳˵ǹ⣬ɢڿռ֮С
屬ԽԽ࣬Χռг޾ǹ⣬߼еǣǹһƬ·Ӵ䡣
ڶ̭μӵһ׶ߣʣǧ
ǧڵֻ̭ʣǧˣǳпᡣ
һ֡ڶ֣߻᲻мڻɱѫֵ͵ߣֿʼ֮սĲҽֱΪѫֵ͵ģ̭ˣģѫֵٵģҲǧ̫ɱһõĹѫֵ൱ɹۡ
̭Ѫȡпᣬ磬עΪһս
һʱʱ䣬ڶ̭йѫֵĲߣȫǹʧЩ˻صʵ֮У㱻֮ⷽԲﷶΧڡ
ʱһһοռǧ磬ȻǺҲֻܹ
֣Ԥѡһֻ֣Ҫͨһ̭ͨԤѡڿʼнٽֹɱ¾ǡһɱ¾ʢɣ
Ļܼ̣Ǵڶ߼ĳ
̭ʼ֮󣬳Уٰȫ
ԭ£֮䣬֮ɱֵ֪ж᲻ٰȫôߣ֮أÿ磬Ϊ׵ɱս
жȫˣϢ
ѵҰ⣿Ұޣýֺͷ붼ֿ֪ʼ޿϶ǿҪɹˡ
һЩԭԴòײżǰʮ֮һߵֹ֪ĸı䣬鶼Щء
㲻ÿ챻ɱµʱ䣬Ҳʲô顣
ЩԼʵоŵȴ˶˷
˼
֮ǰЩҵˣڳﲻ¿ǻô㣡
ɱɣɱɣɱʹ죡
̭пľúܶǿѪڡ
û󲻾ãǵĳĳЩط˿͵мߵҽУȻٲˣѾʼˣ
ͬʱҲߣȥ˵ҰȻޣҸĹȶһ㣬ҲҪǰȫöࡣ
ʯվ߳Լıչصأܸоһɱ̧ͷ죬֮ǰյ޾ǹѾûˣƶѻХ
ֺ󣬲ٲ߿֮Ƕʱ׷ױܿΨֱ˳ɱˡ
ЩСආûʲôȤͷų֪Լξ⣬ѰΧǿξηĸ֪ѾܸﷶΧ
һ̽飬ɫȴ΢΢һ䣬֪ҰУ˷ֲУŲߵ߲ξ֮⣬֮⣬޾ξžۼһͬХһ㣬ԼٶȣӿЩţǵأ޾֪ж٣
ޣ
Ȼһξţʹޣôôࣿ
߿գĿȥһһֻңԶߣ޾˺ɫĺǧڵĿ
Щޣʥسɱ


1215 ޳
һ޳ͬѩХһǶҪûˣǵأ޾޳УҲȥ޻أҪ֪Щ޳֮УЩǿĴڣ൱ڴʮĸ֡
ĳޣɱͷû⣬ǼǧͷĻӶӵߣǾ͸˵ˡ
һ䣬ǲпᣬһ֡
ֻ̽һ޳ķֲû̫ԥֱתɶݣֻ
޳еٶȼ죬תۼ䣬ֻԶߵĿѾԷֱһƬһĺӰ֮еʲôˡ
޾Ѫ񣬷ߣֻצӵʨޣųĺڻϬţ񱩵ڵȺ塣
죡ʲô
ޣ޳Ⱥ
ǵߣ˿ֲ޳ȺǶЩסˡ
޳ܵô
ǰ̭һֱǲɱޣһΣ޹ǣҪûߡ
ӣ
ˣҪȫûô
޳ǣûµ˼ʥصĺĵǣҲǷ׷׷ӡ
ɡ
涼޳еߣӵҲֻбˣˣűߡ
ҲǾ԰ȫ֮УдĹͷӿ
Ҫģһп滷ǿô
һǰķȺЩ죬ʵǳǿ󣬲ͨʥصĶˣһȺ޾ۼоܳǵǧһ
һֻǸһ׼ģͨߣ˵ͨɸѡǾȥûУܻȥʸԤѡߵʸ
ǳ֮
һǹ̳ϵռ䷨ںϣǳƬͬɵһǰʮֻޣֱӱи֧飬Ѫ籩һ£лɾξյ
Щ޵Ĺѫֵȵڶ̭ʱָһЩʵߣǿ˵ùѫֵˡ
Щͷгǹһ趯֮޷׷ױ顣
ˡǹɱϰֻޣ
̫ˣǡţǸƵ
Ǹ
ӵȺ֮Уܿϳ׷£
Щ˸棬ҲչǣٶȺܿ죬ܸܲϣͿԼˡ
Ѫǹ·֮ʬ䣬Щʬһʱ򣬾ͻξա
һսһ߷ɱٶȣҲԶһߣ˸ں棬󱻿еûˣ
ҽڶ
ſдߣٿѾ޳ûͬɫһǣٲзǱûĻ˻ôǿתĵطô
Ѿȥô࣬һͷĲҽǣֻҪһȴǵı̭
һ·񱼽ǧɱǧޣĹѫֵ󣬸ٸ֣в˵ʵҲǿҲһ·ɱȻԶɱÿ죬һȺ˼ɱĿҪġ
ʱԶУһȺѪеͷɫɱ
Щ񣬳һףֱۣͬ
ãǱޣ
߷޷ǳ֣ǰġȻڱֻµȵĴڣһֻҲԳܣ޳׷֮£һʱ䣬ܱ޳û
Сģ߾еۼͷȴ⣬ֻվһǹ

ɫĵâ죬ͷޣһǹȫϣѪҷɡ
⡭
߶ŴͣȻ֪ǿǾжǿȴûȻ˴սһӮƣƵʲôʵҲûʲô
ڣЩȴеģҪɱһͷޣҪʮˣԤϸ󷨣ĬϹ˾ְǿɱһǹɱͷʵ࣬Ѿ޷ˡ
ôɱˡ̫ǿˣ
ֻ񺣳ڡ
ʱҲ˲ۣǷ׷׷ĽŲһˣ
ʱϡһ֪ϿȣϿȡɽ̫ˡ
ǧǰɽڰɽ
һϤܱ߻˵ŷ֣ǣвٲߣҲɽ£ÿһӲߣһǿߴ죬ôֻӲء
һ£֪ʲôʱ򣬻Ⱥɱ
ԣ߾ۼĵطҲȫɽθӣ˿ܻᶯɱġ
˵ţͻȻһ༸ʮԶҽȻ𣬼ը·רΪ֤ǸղŵĻƵġ
󣬿͵쳹أֲе񾪾壬ͷƤ顣
ʲô
߶ǽҲĿ΢΢һǰδе
䣡
һ죬ǰɽըˣ
ʯұģɷɻҡ
ֲըУһֻë߸Ծ𣬶ǰĸ߱һĺɫۼβͲסˣѾβʹ̴࣬Ѫ䣬һˣøֵǿסβͣҪѶ
ʱëȻӳצӣһצøֵߵϣһͷǱԽ䣬ëצ裬ĸߣȫķѣ
һɱˣ
졭찡
ߣһ߿е龰۾Ǿ֮ɫ
øֵǶ飬ʥغĵӣʮʮĺˣôɱһɱˣ
֮ǰʢëɱߵռ壬˵ӡУëӦǾһսɱռ壬ʵ಻̫ס
ڣۿŴʮĶ鱻ë׵ĻɱɱҲûʲô˺ëëħĴڰ
Ǻëעûǿӣһ߼æԪ˵
ǲӣһӿ϶֣ٶȣǷֿߣҲᱻɱסżʮԶҲעรɣ
ӿ϶ӻɻȥʵôΣûѡ
ʱȴĿתĶǺë۾Ź⡣
θ֪γɵҰУëȫ߲֮ɫһַǳرĸоϵξȻ㼫ǿȴءӡçĵõ
ʲôܣţһֻս˷Ѫǹ


1216 ë޽
Ŀ⣬ʼںëϣߴһɣȫëͬһؿڡͱһĺɫۼףȥʵּӲ׳צӷ󣬳һϸֳβͣβϣһһεĹǽڣһһβ͵ĩˣһļ̣ɭɭղŵߣ̴̣ࡣ
ʱǺëצӣ֧ĶʬУͳһɫĽᾧöᾧ֮УӡһɫСߣС·һ㡣
ɫ壬۾Ȼһǡ
ɴ˫ۣȻǵһμö壬ȴ⾧һʮرĸо·𡭡Ǿһһ㡣
ͷų֪ö壬ڸ֪УΧξɫĹţξ߲öɫ壬ȴɫͯģ١⻬۵Ƥ鶯ɰ
Ͼֱ
һͷڶξ⼫£һ۾ͿϾķͬѰ
һԤУõöϾηвɹĺô
ŵʱǺëȴһڱ㽫Ͼȥٶȿ쵽Ӧ
Ͼë֮󣬱㳹ڻˣںΪһë﷢һˬ֮忪ʼžžı죬ĹǼ׿ʼ࣬βͱ䳤ļⲻϵ䶯һ·ʲôҪг
Ǻëƺ˼ʹһ㣬ۼȫȻһװĵͺ𣬽飬ɫճҺЩճҺ֮УһԸĤĹǴȻţĤչγһԿѪɫ򣬾Ѫĳһ㡣
ëȻ˳򡣺ȻΪöϾëˣ
һĻսѪǹԪתϾηмĺôëȴϾ
ëƺͨһЩͬ˵ףοռĹɱҲܵõξЩξ֮Уͻ̺Ͼ
۾ø֪Լη򣬷źë̺ξξĸоë˲ֹһöϾΪ˹ѫֵɱʱ򣬶ë֣ȴϢѼϾһɡ
뵽еЩ˼ˣëﵽʲôôоë·Լ˼һ㡣
Ҫ֣ʱֻһ죬ĿĽֱգһ꣬һķ
겻Ǳˣʥصĵһơ
ಣಣ
ƣʥصĺĵӷУǶʥʮҵʵѷɫ
ëһ˿ɱڴˣѾɱʥغĵռ壬ղţֻɱʦܶ飬ôãҽ죬㸶ۣɱҲΪ
ƴֽгѪȻ֪ͷëĿ£һûκδ⣬һʼͳѪ
ʱëȻһչȻƳɱ
ԭͷëӵпֲ;˵ķڣϾֻ֮˼޵ٶȣ
̫ˣ쵽Ӧ
ͫһ˲ת䡪ħ
ƴһгصľѪһëն

ֻһ죬ƵľѪȻͷëﵥצסɭĽУںëצϣ·һ㣬޷Ųֺ
ɫ䣬ôôǿղŵײֱֻʹڷ飡
ֱֹǿ
ٶȣѷ
ë﾿ôôΪʲôҪǿޣԼ򲻹жܻɱ
ޣǸ߻ɱ۹ѫֵһ˭ɱ˭˭ޣǲȫʧȥ˿˵壿
ͷȻʱֻоֱ۱𽥼ϵĺˣƿزסѪˡ
ʱʥصĺĵӣһһҵë﷢˼л
Ƕˣһֳĳ߳һõǺ񱳴󵶣ۿ·磬ǵȻҪˡ
Сģ
ƺȻȴǳˣëһβͣͬһ˦
ݣ
·˺˿ռ䡣
һ֣
նβͣ
ҲçǶܵëĿֲһһնβ

βֻཻоһ飬֣дһЩǱȻ˲ظ֮·ٴһЩҪһ㡣
βڵ֮ϣûаˣβ͵ĩΪٶȣƹ˵͵һӵࡣ
ǵͫ屩˿Ҫһ
Ȼβ͵ٶʵ̫ˣ
ֻǿܹҪǼ̣ͬ䴩ֽһ̴ĻԪĴ壬Ҽ磡
ǵƺһӦʱֻһ죬βȻһ˦ӵҼ磬ͬѪ⣬β˦ɣ
ѪģӲҽһɫ԰ף
ʦܣ
бŭһȫǽžžı죬θߣۼףȫⱩǣó˼״̬µħ
磡
һšѪǿӺëгؽһն£

óԼǿһ
ȻëΪ⣬˫צȻǰƳһצץƵؽһצץƵʺ
ۿźëҰԵĹ߶ʮɽһնȥ

޽˺ëצϣͬʯײͭӵëۼףڱնһ飬ʱëһֻצӣȴץƵǰ
һצ£
ƺѾܣһ̣ΧȻð˺ʵĽɫϱڣĽϵ򡪡令󷨡
ʱƴŻ飬ǿһеĵһΰˣɼһеǿ
꣡
ëצӣڽɫ֮ϣʵޱȵĽɫȻһһӱë˺һ룡
ۣ
һצƿ֮󣬺ݺݵץƵҼ֮ϣȻһ嵹ɳȥҼ磬ˣ
ôôǿ
촽ұĴţòˡ
ƬɽΧߣҲһĻһȻҲʵʵӹɣȻżоͱˣǺëʲô


1217 
ëֽƻˣһƳ˹צӣֻҪһצȥƵ壬ǾҪ˺أ
ǧһ֮ʣƾȻȻԼѾѵұۣһұۣ˲䱬ըѪꡣ
ħ֫󷨣
ò壬ЩѪȫգ渲ǵۼ׶һѪɫʡ
һ̣ƱǣȻٶһսʱ򣬸ǿ
ʲôʽȻܹԼѪ⣬ü޵
϶ħħҲħӦǵõĳħܵĴУ
һп϶Ѫļ󣬵ʱһսһʼûʹã̫ȴѾòˣһʼƾóսĻս˵
ΧԪѸٵţһƴʽԱһ͸֧Ǳսڱһ㲻ʹãӮҲǱ顣
ۼźëƴһֳ־ѪȻһ
꣡
ѪëֵֻצӼҵײëڷһʹĽ屻ѪüٺˣͬʱƵҲͬǵɳȥ
ղžҵײҲۣѪתŷɳƴѪȻѾǿ֮ĩˣ
ʽѾȫó
ۺëȻҲˣ˫צȾѪƤǿ˵ЩֻС˰ˡ
ķѾֲ֮УͽֶԿƷƷǴһʹãսȫȼѪ֮ˣҲκκë
߶ѾжƱɣǲ뱻꼰㣬Ѿ׼ˡɽߣΪθӣֻҪϢɢܣëҲûбɱ١
ëֵ˵ܿͣƷһɱսϵߣʱоͻ
Ȼתͷֻ֮⣬һֳֺ꣬ɫǹ
꣬üųɫӡǣȫ棬ٶȿǣ
ɽĹȡɽ֮صߣҲȫꡣ

˷ëֵʵĿã磬Ҳֻʱ֣
ˣ
ո˵󣡡
Ҳ˶ãëֵϸ֪ʵʲô˵壬չ¶ģѾ˾ˡ˿һսʱҲ̫ҪսʤǺë֣ϣã
ٶԽԽ죬Ŷݼ뿪а֮£ŷ֮ѪҲȼգһһǹͬһյǣֲһȫ
Ե䡪ˣ
ëַһʽģצӣȻץ˹
ޱȼ򵥵Ĺȴû˾򵥣ǰʮĸ֣һ£ᱻ˲ɱ
ͬײ֮ǰƣڻ
˶ɴ۾
꣡
Ѫǹصںëֵ˫צ֮ϣһֻ̣ûھһɿ͵ķŷѪǹ֫ٺѪӿҡ
֪ëֿƼ򵥵צӹʵ̺˷֮ЩֻᱻһצɣΪҲΪ̺ķ
İˣҲô򵥣ڽȫעѪǹϣĹѾ󣬶Ĺ纣һ㣬϶಻
䣡
һײëͬʱˣѪӿڷ飬ǹ޵ֱ֮ϣȴƤ⿪ѣ΢΢Ѫ
ë΢΢Ѫ˫צĿһñ̬ķ
жУֲģķֲö࣬Ҫˣ
֣
ĿأԼ״̬ȫ֮µİˣȻûش
ĹҲûЧոһǻƵһУ˲˺ë֣ǹղֻǲִٷû˵ײأҲ
¡Ϊ
أôڣˣҲôһЩϣ
ɽڶߣȻ뵽һֱأһգʵҲһգƲĹѫֵһΪʵ
ڸ߿֮УźëëҲһ˫̵۾ͫͬ⣬Ŀˡ
ԶȫѪʯҼ飬ұʧȥѾȫûսˡ
ƿеɫӡ
ʵΪԼʦܵ汻ëɱʱʥصڳΪʦ֣֣ܲŲһеĳ֪ëǳ֡
Ͳͬˣȫһ֮ǳˣȫΪսս
ôǿĹȻҳȥǸӣѵҵսûȫʵôǾļޣ϶Ҫ䣡
ţֽóһöҩȥ
ʱ֮⣬磬ëƵǿޣһĸ֣ҲҪǰޣͨߣǾ͸˵ˣͱɱ
ĹѾԶԶ˴ʥش˵ˮƽˣǵĴڣѹҲΪԤѡ˵ģΪѡЩǿš
ʦֶΣ޳ǣžЩǿĹ֣滷˲пᣬʵĲߣһ춼ˡ
ι֮У米İ˵
пĻˡڰߣɫƽ
ҲôɳģƽͨʥسߣΪˣһޱԽѧõĴУͳΪʵǳɳʱȴҪޱϿǳе飬ЩѶȣǽʥصĺĵӹȥҪȫûˡ
ԼЩµ˵
ˣʦãЩֵﵽʲôҸоǲһޣ
λͷʦǶǻŵģǷġ
΢΢һ㵣ȻΪȻ𣬡ѵûֻʦﲶôֵط
ʳһʣƺ˵ڲˡ
˽εĸԣ˵Ķôʶûãֻա
ĿһǧЩ磬һĸֶɱˣЩûɱģҲֻΪûϰˡ
겻ҡͷʦȻν˾ԴСħʦãûʲôܵõɡѶȣ̫ˡ


1218 սë
֮Уһ£ֳֳǹնˣҲһ˳ǹһ㣬ñֱ
ǰëһţһͷ˻ͻë֣˭ܾ޴ѹ
ʥصļĵӣѾԶԶ˿ˣڰɽĲߣҲսʮľ룬ӮһܱӵùģͿЩߣʱֿܵʱ򣬻ǾԶİմһЩ
ʱǺëֶˣչɫᣬͬһֻһٶȿ쵽ûκʽֻצӣץʺ
Ǻëֶĵһʽ֮ǰһΣֻǲִٷˡ
ղźëֶƵʱ򣬾һκ޻ڵ˻ͬʱʩչħħ֫󷨣״̬ȫƣˡ
һǳֲ
ܽһǿжԿëֵʸ񣬷˲ɱ
˶ɴ˫ۡ
ۿźëֳͫȫǽڱ죬ǷѪ֮ȫںϣһ̣ıͬʱֳ˲Ӱɫ˵Ӱ
Խķ쳹ʣ˫ȻһзѪǹٴ̳һ˲䣬̰ǹ
һǹջһɣγһһɴֵɫǹâ˺ë֣
һþȫ˵״̬µǿһ
䣡
ӿһǹصĻںëצ֮ϣռ
ëצϵۼױ飬ͬʱһǿ֮ŷѪǹ塣
֮ǴصĲ嫶಻ϵĻԪ֮ϯ֮˲䱬飡
̶֮͸壬ȫɲǼ䣬ѪӿңһЩĤ죬
ںǣֿ˾ţһ౬飬ȫϣ³ƣҲǿ˶ˡ
ǿ֮ǡطôѹǿ״̬µƣҲëһܣ
Ŀ΢΢أë֮ǿ󣬾Ϊÿһ˷ֻ֮ҪһӴǹɿ͵֮ͻᴫֵ֮С
ĻԪѾˣںëǰ˲䱬飬޷
ͬǿ󣬿ǼˣҲܵ΢ˡ
ˡȻ˺ëĹ죬ղŻԪѾ飬ôģѵƾķȻǸ
ȫģԪ飬ನ϶ϣͬǿҲˣͻΣ㿴ֱۣѪ
ֱۣȷʵѪղɾ޴ĳڱ飬СϵѪܣҲ˱ѣһɹѪֱ£Ѫǹ֮ϣʺޱȡ
Ҳˣ㿴Ǻëһ˫۱ѪˡԪ˵
˸ȣǹʣܱȵôҲȲˣԤУĻָͿᳬ󣬶ײ˾ͻۻܡ
߻ո˵꣬·ΪҪ֤Ļë˫צ֮ϣ䶯ѪȻȻֹסˣۼףڻ޸
ԭȺơļγײҲ˲ˣֻǼʱ䣬ëֱ۾ˣ
һĻɽĲ߶ǵ
ò״һ㣬ƣƴŶɵˣתۼ䣬Լͻָˣ
Ի˲սߵġ
ö̬ĻָĹô򣡣
˭ٶֲ޵У񣬻ָ̬Ķ֣Ҳһ־֮У
ˣûӮ
У
ָ̫̬ˣͬޣ
˵ţʱһֱϵѪҲڻֹס䶯˿ϣѪ⡢ƤȫƬֱָۣ֮ԭѵľѪܣҲϣˣȫˣ
һָ˲߶ɴ۾Ŀǲ֮ɫ
ǰɣҲһָ
ȷûгҩҾҩҲлָôǿĵҩսЧ
ôһĻָѵ򣿡
ͻȻ˵ߵľ磬ȷʵһ̶ϲԼϸѪһЩҪٵ޸Ҳǳࡢ衢Ѫ٣Ҫľ޴ԪΪۣܶʹá
ҲûãܿĹ⡣
˵û취ȣοĻô̬
ëǿѾģ֡
ʱëһ˫ɫ۾ƵĶƺû뵽ԼڱصõһȻܸһ޸˵塣
͵͵˻֮תצӡӣ֨֨ҲתԺëĿ
𣡡
źëһսһչ
һӲӲѪƴɫǹɫצӣÿһײʯӵľ죡
䣡䣡䣡
ڽĳײɽѣʯɣһһ޽ֵನѾƽɽ
ë޵ǿ󣬳ÿһιǿ֮ᴫ壬ĻԪᱬ飡
ôǿĹƸǿ˱һˡ
Ѫ裬ָͿﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣӲӲƴǸеѪңھ֮кҴ
һδشͬʱë֣Ҳܡ
ëȷʵͱƣսȴصĲ㣬ÿײһΣҪѪǹεĹ
ѪǹƷʼߵķӹɣעĻƽս֮ºëȴҲܱѪǹѪۡ
һδѪۻҲǲˡ
ëļ䶯޸µѪۣ֮Ѫתͬ޸ˡ
ڱƴƴָ
ļѾ˼ʮϢʱ䣬һһ֮ĳײһٴΣ
ÿһΣͬĶÿһΣôɽ𶯣ľ죬ڰɽڶߵļ䣬ͬشûѪ궯Ӱˡ
ҵսûеԪ֧ʼգû¶κΰһٶγײޱȣͬα
ɽĲߣˣ죡Ƕôֲ
һսȻҲֳǿ󣬵ȶԣһⲫҪᡱĶˣǺëĳײȫ˵ѪѪײÿһײȻˣҪ޴ģҪϵĴ߶޸壬֧Ĵò


1219 ֮
ˡ壬һҲǺë
ײһٶʮΣÿһζನĳˣָˣ⻹ô
ɽĲǣ˼ҵѾ޷ˡ
ʥһƷһЩ鵤ҩ֮ѾָһЩԪյ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ֮ǰóħӲƴȫĽࡣ
ƴ೤ʮҲҪ䣬̫ˣ
ڷ׷۵ʱëѾƴٴΣë˫צȫѪǰƤ⿪ѣۼⷭжðѪĭ廹ڲϵ޸޸ٶѾԻˡ
ɫ˵ʲôɫʡ
ҲСսʽ൱ϲǿķʵʹУѪڡ
ֲȥѪ˿¶һ˿Цݣǻۣͨͬö˵ô
ͻȻԪëУһâ
ƺˡңɫľ嵽ʲô
οռ˽ļ٣ҪõϢ
ʱëַһͺٶչȫѪ죬һ㣬ǿѪ£ٶ޸
˶ΪëҪǿһʱ򣬶ʱʼδһĻˣëﾹȻת壬һӶȥ
ٶȷǳ죬תۼӹʮ룬ٵķı˲Ҳˣ
ʲô
ɽ߶סˡ
Ȼǹˣ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣĹӲĴܡ
ȹﻹ
Ǿò֪ʲôˣǵһμܵޡ
ǶΪսʹ˽ʱҲһ⣬ֱ׷޶ȥ
Ŷݼס׹Ӱͬʱתٿٶȵľţٶȿ쵽ǺëһЩ
תۼ䣬һӰʧߡ
׷ȥˣҲ׷
ۿһһޣԲ˼ٶȺʧˡ
ޣȻҪȥ׷εͣ
Ī׷οޱͲñóȻ׷ȥΣա
ڵ޳ֻҪǺë޳֮Уֻܷ෴Сľ޵Χ֮УԳɰǧޣǿҲҪ䡣
ǰܺͻɱ£Ǻëٶ̫ˣһܣɱʵǿܶ࣬ô׷ȥ̫ðʧˡ
˿ʵǿǲ٣ղë֮ĳײǺëҲû·磬ñ٣ҲĹ࣬ٱֳû͵Ϯܵġ
£ûΪ׷ȥʲô壬޳ɱ
ʱ׷ëѾɳȥ
üͷ壬Щ뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˣ׷ǳΣգ
ëϵܣϵηò׷
µľǣë޳֮Уʱֻܷˡ
Щǣ޳λǣëӵķȻǡ
֣ӦǻۣΪʲôǣʱڲ֮ˣѵһЩյյأҪҹȥ
ͷҧҧת
ٶȣӹ룬ѣ
ٶȣȴҲֻǺëһҪ׷Ҫʱ䣬Щʱ䣬㹻Ǽˡ
֣
ĺëյأһЩֶΣһ˵ˣҲûʲôοռ䲻ڳɼȥ⡣
ëЯصġ
һ׷һӣһĹһһѾɳȥ˾ǧǵٶȿ쵽;޸Ӧ
ǻһСΧȺ
ʱͻںëＴԽСȺʱһֻɫȻë˹
ͨޣܸϺëٶȣȴǱޣңóٶȵޣϺë⡣
ţ۾һޣȻṥë֣
ˣëֱͲޣҲֲ֣ѡǷȥ
ôë֣ʲô
Ժ˲ӹЩͷʱë﷢һһȻצӣһצͷ­
൱ڴʮֵı׷ںëǰȴͬһֻһ
ȻȻë˲ȴҲһ˲䣬һ˲ĵ飬۾һᣡ
ת£ƴĿģ˲䱬ǿٶȣһ嵽˺ëıһﴦһ룬Ѿʲôˣ
ֻһˣȻ죬Ҳûʽˣ
һ̣Ҳûκεı֮ǰΪսʽټϲǰı¶һԲδʹãڣʧʧȻҪȫԸ
ħ⡪ɿռ䣡
ı󣬵Ȼſɿռ˲˺ëѹһзĺɿռ£ëٶȻһᣬɱ˺ë󷽣
һ̣ڵа֮ŷ֮Ѫеޱ籡еĻۣעѪǹϣ
ͣ
ӿ޵ıף۵ķѪǹ֮ϣǹâռ䣬ֲХ֮еı׶һǹϯγɫУ
һ̣·綼Ҫѣ
þ֮٣
һаѿ֮У׽֮ȫ
֮ϵ׷ֱ֮ë޶ȥ
ҲԴĳΣ

ϯķѪǹգռ֮УɫСС޳ȺаޱУһ˲ȫɷɻң
ǺëޣĽȻɿռ֮УٶȾͻ࣬οһǹͬ٣ھԵķѹ֮£û˭ܱܿ٣ֻܳܺ͵ֿ
𣡡
ë﷢ĺУ˫צȻץǹâ
䣡
Ŀҫգһж·ˣԲ֮ϣɽ̶ֲΪƽأ˲ɷɻҡ
Ǻë˫ۣҲֲ֮Уճɽ̶̿鿪
ĳǹȥƲֹȻ˺ëؿڣ
ۣ
Ѫǹ͸Ӻë󴩳Ѫ䣬̶ֱëƤëۼףһɲǣ׽ٵȫս
ֲִɫ


1220 ׹ҫ
ֲıըϯԲգ͵ĳһ谭һʱ䣬ͷ·һɫ̫أ
⣬ܿ壡
໣
ë﷢˻壬һߴСĽڴ󶴣౻յһ룬ѪҺȫոɣ
צӣƴͷ­ץ
ЦһзѪǹȻ˦
ۣ
ëİ屻˺ѣѪɣ
Ȼǿ˵壬˻ޱ飬Ȼһǹ̳Яſ͵ֱ֮Ӷ˺ëԴ
һ̣һʣëԴͬһ㱬Ȼ鶯˼£ڡ
ɱˡ
һʱΪղһлźƣЩƣһ޴УɫҫһһƬʱԵ֮еϹ⣬źԶľ룬ܿһ
ڰɽǵڶ߻û뿪ԭͼıʧȥ֮պδ㣬ʱǿԶߣһɫֱ죡
쿴ʲô
֪˭һ䣬Ƿ׷ȥֻԶգѾһƬɫ׹⣬к£
⣿
ⶨȻôԶôǿ죬֪˭ڽ֣
Ӱɽȥֻϸϸһɵĳȴ޷Ϊɫܲߣܵһ̺ŵĿֲָо붼񾪲
Ǹ򡭡ͺëߵķô
ԣûǸѵëĽ֣
죿ʽֶΣģǺëַģ
˾ֵĺдžη֮У϶ǲ˼Ŀ⣬ʵδҲֲ̫Щ
ʱһǰʮʥغĵ΢΢˵Ӧöǡ
ëʵͲˣоǿĵط۾ԪϵãƺһЩĹ
ֻ˭ѵǿĴڣһֱȺëǿĳеĻߣ
ͻ˵νܹë֣ôٵһ޵ĻߣҲ֡
ֹ׷ɱëѾ׶༪ˣ
пܡѾˣĪ׷֮ûд̫嶯ˡ
Ҫǵ̭ʼ֮޳̫ͣ¡ɵˣʵҲܿɱشǰġ
Ƿ׷ײ²ţȴû˸ȥ֮⿴ʵΡ
ǵʵ˵ë֣ǿֵܳضδ֪޻ߣǵ޳ȺҲǺһģ㲻ãͱ޷ʳʣˣ
ĳ޻ߣǵѩϼ˪Ϊȷһ£ǰʮʦǣһԼı仯ǲǰһ
һʥصĵͻȻ˵
ǴŶΪǰʮʥصӵǶ֪ʥصģ΢ƲһҲ֪
ģɱӦûʮң嵽ʮĲǲǰһƲˡ
޳ʱʥصĺĵӶۼһбкüǰʮĸ֣̲鿴һԼ΢΢ü˵ҵû䡣
ҵҲû䡣
ţû䣿ô˵û
Ǹ߸е˼顣
ʱһʥغĵͻȻʶʲôһԼһ飬һ
ԭߣڣ˵ģ
嵽ʮĵӣûб仯ΨһҲζţԭĵλã
ˣȻ
֡ĹѫֵͻȻˣ
ǰÿ֮䣬඼ܲǧĹѫֵ£ɱ˴ǰʮĸ֣򲻿һԾڣȥ׷ëˣлɱ֣ôֻһֿܣǾɱǺë֣һ˲õ˴Ĺѫֵ
ڳ߶ɵӣǴĺĵ˵ı仯Ȼʶܣ
ʱ򣬻ûлظԪƲһԼĹѫֵһ飬ָ΢΢
ĹѫֵҲ
ʦ֡
ҲвҲƣ׷׿Ƶɫ֮бһԤС
ѵ
ƿɬһЦҡͷˡĹѫֵҲңҳ˵
ƵĻӿ϶֮ǰĲ²⣬һǧѫֵǻɱֲܴﵽôΨһĿܾǣɱ˺ë֣
ܣɱȫͬǺëֿµٶȣµķֲҪɱ̸ףʵ߳һߵߺΧɱס
ڣȴϣ
ң޾޳֮У׷ϲɱ
ôܣ
ٿǳɫȻ뵽ǹѵģ
ʶһ㣬Ƕóͣٿ֮಻
˵ĸоһֱһΪߣƣëսǿھԪϵ棬Ƿ棬ʡ
ڿǿֲ͵ľ޴Ƕ޷ˣ̶ֳȵ򣬸Ǻεΰ
ѵǿǷֻǴͷβûܹʹó
⡭̫˼ˣ
֡޵Уָ޵УԪϵͷҲ̶ֳȡֲıըʲôʽɵģǸĲ̫࣬Զˡ


1221 һ
ɫҫۣ鲼յþò
ʥǰĺĵǣ̾ĸо
ʱ֮⣬ɱë֮󣬺ëʬ壬˾ξЩξǰκһŶҪޡ
ָоʯ
΢΢ûмŵһʱξǽξǣԼһĹ֮УԼλãڵοռ䣬޳ģҪξһȫĻ
һ֮һǰξȻǹ⣬û֮С
ǿһɹӿ꣬ĸӡǷҫ۵⣬Բ˼ٶԲ
ξ֮ôҲҪһµıչأӡԲֻǶ̶һʱ䣬ĸӡѾȫԲˡ
ˣʣ˺öࡣ
̽һԼĹѫֵ΢΢һĹѫֵȻһﵽǧ˰򣬴ԭĵ˵һ
ɱëȻһ˽һڵĹѫֵ
ʱ仯Ҳ˷ϡ
ڳ޼̺Ϲŷ֮⣬вٴڹעǰһĲߣʸ񱻴ʥȫʮʱעοﵽǧ
һΣԭķǧλȻʧһ嵽һǧ֮ǰλа˰پʮң
һǧһˮ룬ﵽλãôһ΢СϣΪͨ
ֻҪϽĳƺţ²ǴҲһ
һδĳɾͣҲǽˡ
ڴδĳɾͣǾʥˣ˲Ϊ벽
δľ磬һҪǵʦһûʥ˵ʱ䣬һٶˣҲδһͨɼһĵжѡ
ʱһƫԶĴ磬һеĳǽۼߣʮµ߾һǵΪֻڡ
쿴ʦֵ˴仯
˰پʮһˣڵһˣ̫ˣ
ʮµߣϹŷӣϹŷ壬ֲܹ㣬鲼硣
ڣЩƫԶķֹһЩĵӣ֪֪Ϲŷ壬һ˲õţ
ΪϹŷĵӣжԺ
һȫǰһǧ
ɾͣʷᣡ
ڳ磬һ̻Ի͵ĸ¥֮Уһĸߴͷ쳤ӽ̫ʦϣǰİϣһյͭƱһơ
췢۾ŷڻǧնɱǸôû뵽ڷǰһǧλÿ
ǳĳʹսơ
̾һڵѾǰôſˣΪ֪ʥϣÿһжѣѾڽһؿһǧ꣬Եûκοͻƣڣ츳ȻѾԶԶ
Ϲŷ壬ˡԭΪɳΪƵڿǵ͹ˣǳǰˡսҡҡͷеһһ

ʱν磬ֻоԼ·ˣȫƮƮģûκһʰ쵵磬ȫλðϱ仯
Щ֮䣬һöɫˮˮ״ϾУӡϸߡ
ϸߣֱֺ졢ϡֲͬɫϸ߶ڲϵζһ㡣
Ͼ֮ǰǺëȥһöͬһöϾУֻӡһϸߣöϾУȴû´ĻǺë֮ǰ¹ƵϾÿһöϾеϸߣ۵һ𣬲γöϾ
ϾܣʵӦЩϸϣ
ĸеʵνϾֻӡЩϸߵˣϸߣǹؼ
ʵЩϸߺһ֪ΪΣǣһľĸо
ôܲЩϸߵܣɵô
뵽֮ǰë̵ǡ
ԥһ֣ЩϸƮԼָ⡣
Щϸߣһɲǣͷ·һ㣬˲֮С
ֻоһɱޱȵֱѸӣţ֮С
һֻ̣о֮Ȼһ𣬾ҵʹȻϮ·𱻶ҧһ㣬ƺһ弸ء
ҵʹϮ·ʲôƴԼӣָоͬһοħʱһ㡣
ħʱ־ޱСڣ־ѲͬնӦģһ˿صҲȵƬǿǧ򱶣
Ҫ־ľʹȻȴоһ޿ɿܵľ޴ֱ֮Уּȿµ£ѾȫʧȥĿȨ
һ˲䣬ֲϺϮȫָоͬص˷ʱվڱѩ֮һ㣬ܿ츲һ㺮
ԽԽ걻⣬оԼȫˣ۾գһ£۵һ̶ȵʱ򣬱濪ʼֲơ
ǣ
ӣ壬ͬһ𣬿ʼѡ⣡
һ־ټǿʱҲ˾źͿ־壬ʰ쵵־磬ʵ꣬飬˻ô
תϵĳŸŬȻսҲãǽҲã壡
ۿϿʼƣҲֻܼϣνصķַĴڣҲͬɺһ㡣
忪ʼʱһ˺ѵʹ࣬ʱϯ
ֱʹķǻʹʮٱۼԼϵԽԽ࣬Ѿޡ
峹ױ鿪㣬ɢ
걬ĳ̶ȣȴǱȵʱɺʱй֮޲
ֻоԼʶģ壬Ȼѵʵ̫ǿ޷
֮Уԭӡɫˮ֮еĺ졢ϡ۶Щ֮С
Ϊģб鲼㣬ʼ꣬Ļָ
塢֫ٶɣʶҲƬ֮곹׸ԭȴˡ
ǡô£Լõ˫֣ǲ˼ɫʡҵǿˣһǿ
еԼǿȵı仯һ


1222 սƽԲ
Ȼܹҵ꣬Ϊģֱۣ̣ɺص֮ͬ
ǿĵʲôЧҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ֲŵĸоôϸޱȵȻܴﵽЧ
ȥԼľ֮ͻȻһоԼԺжһЩ
ǡ
Ŀ֪һЩԼģͼ񡢸ӹϵ֣ȺӹԺ
ЩͼŹأһʱ޷ŪʲôֱԺгһȺޣ״֮ǰɱĺëж෬ƵʱȻʶӦǺëļ䣡
ǺëµξȻļ䣿ѵħԭ򣿡
оɼ䣬ֱʮʱһħںƬĸоһ
Ѿ˲ȥоΪʲôܿݼˣеЩѰ漰ħëֱܡ
ģڵϣʼһһںϣҲΪë걾ʵĲͬüҲвںЩǳĳЩŹֵ֣ԵһʱŪҪϵںëּѰֶӦ˼
ȱúѰãҵһЩüĿ
ԴĳΡյʵƾԴΣֻǳξôľԴﵽʲôز⾫Դʲô
İ֮Ҳνĺ֮Ρ
ѵ⾫ԴǸ֮ƵĶ
вͷѰȥѰϢ
šǡһ𣬳Ŀȥ֪˸ϢĪ𺳡
̫֮֮Դ
ֱԴ֮
ԭһֱΪɾĸʼԴĶ֪ıԴк֮֡
֮֮Դ
̫֮֮Դ
Դ֮Դ
棬лģл꣬ǡͬл꣬Ҳǻꡣ
Ļ꣬һƺǾǡ
Ѿ޴ڣķ򣬶˳ӦΪԼãӳǿʽ
似⾳Ƕֶζѡ
ҪҪ𷣣Ҳ٣ɹ٣ɳ֮⣬Լƶﵽ̶ֳȣǾˣ
ƺдһ족֣ҲԢͬȵĵλ
ڼһ֣족롰ǡͬ𡱣
ĺ壡
һʼһֱ⣬ΪΪ󣬵ͬʱƺӵ˼룬ͷΥĴڡ
ֻȻʵĸо֮꣡
νľԴγĶ
Ļ꣬˵ǾС񡱡
лͬʱҲ
ǳǺӡǧ硢Щĸʣ
ࡢľ޵ȵ飬Ҳһ֡
֮γıԴ
ҲԳ֮Ϊ
󡭡̫֮
γıԴһԪ̬̫֮ݻ
Գ֮Ϊġ
о񣬶Ӧ棬ͬо
֮Ӧ̫֮ӦԴӦ񡱣
Դ֮Ŀν
Щһ˲䣬оԼ֮Ȼһ𣬷·һĤͻˣʱڻͨһ˲䣬оԼڷҲһֲٶš
׻⾳ǰȫںϣ֮еս飬ҵУսϵսøʵı仯УӻƽͻƣֱӴﵽ˻ƽԲľ硣
̻ս飬ֻһ֮ң
̻ս֮һ⾰ˣ
ԼڶɾɵʱԼѪ⵱еڶ෨򣬶Լںϵƣͻϵ򣬸ڸղһ˲䣬ﵽǰ⾳Բ⾳Ҳˡ
ֻǶ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬õ˼ĺôȻľûͻƣʵȴʵʵһأҪڶԷϡ
ʩչþǿ
ֻʩչĹ硢׷硢ա죬ҲǷǳǿʽˣʹһȫɻɱʥʮҵĺĵӡ
Լı仯пϲνûղſ¶Ҫͻˡ
ͻˣеҲۼԲֻҪν磬öͿֱͻڣˮɡ
ԭħħ顢ϿƷʵӦ˾Դ̫֮֮澫ۡ
жãʡ
Ԫ𣬵õħ飬Ҳܷ֮˫ޣ뿪ʮ꣬Ϣǵħ顣ĺ֮Ҳ桮Ѫ⡯ıԴֲûԪںɷȡ˽˵ĳɼ
ܿѻԪħӵܣ˸˾ŲʮԼõħ飬Լɷʮֹؼá
ɷʵ桰֮ħУܴк֮Ҳδء
ԪǷ˫ޣԴǷ˫ޣν磬ν¾ԴΣЩԴΣҲԭǸߵĽܵõˣ֮ˡ
ţëǿһĴţɱ
Ҳ֮е飬ԴĳΣʮȻ⽱ֻάš


1223 ڤ
ǧ磬硪
ͬǧ磬ǲܴͬ
ǧУǰʮĴ磬Ϲŷܲڵĳʮ𷱻磬ҲҪ߰˱ԶԶһĽܹġ
ЩĴ磬һƺǱΪһ硣һ磬һֻһٸ
һڵһĴ磬򱻳Ϊڶ磬ڶ磬ٸ
ڳ硢磬ҪΪˣĿ࣬ǧ
һ粻󣬸ֶ࣬вٵһ磬ľסأҲǵһһԱ־ˡ
Ͽǰǵһġ
λеһĺ磬Ǻʥ칬ڵء
ʱں칬һһȺ˾ۼЩ˵Ϊɲ⣬ʱں칬ȴϢͨ졣
ں칬𣬷ҲҪԳǫ
һȺ˵Уһ߽һɣۣͷĿӣλϣžƱЦ˵ǰļȻˣǹʥҲǲģȥ֮⣬ǰʮģһǹʥصġ
ǺĴΪҪܻ칬䣬ԡʥء֣ǵȻûĽˣֻܳƹʥءӦģҲֻܱ
ʹˣ佱ɳܲҹʥأҲǲһˣǿǿ˷ʮ۵˲㣬Ҳֻǿǰʮβͣӣȫû
ڽۿӵλһź˵Ȼǫ֮еЦȴβסȻǹʥΨһһɱǰʮĵӷǳ⡣
ĲֶвСϣһǰʮʱҲҪ칬ˡۿ΢Ц˵
ǰʮ룬ôϣĻҪʦ˺úùһ
˵ȭһ
ۿӣǺϯӣ칬һʹ˳ƺӡ
Ժ칬䣬ֱӹԡӡĳƺɼӵĵλˡ
νϯӣֻһеϯӣǧ֪ٴУɾߵһ
ʵϣѾﵽ벽ľ磡
˵벽𣬾мΪңԶľ룬ǱǾǿ̫ˡ
ټϺӿֱӴݣӵĵλԶԶڴ֮ϣǵһĴҲҪ෬
һεһ䣬ǰʮӵõĽ칬ܺϯӵָ㣬ϯӣȻҲǺӡ
ӴЦ̫ǫˣ˵ֻǰʮ칬ˣǰʮҲ϶ʦģǵȻ칬ʱֶһǰʮҲ칬ġ
һ˵һϲлܹ칬ѧ䣬ҲѧԴѧЩѧŵʥأҲǶһġ
εһ䣬ʢǰˣ켸ʮ죬Ҫʢ󣬿űڤӣڤʥأһҲһ˰ֻȹʥزһ㣬ѾеɱʮˣǸСһĵϵ˰ɣ޾ûǴɣ
𣬶ڴһһ˵
ӣò㿡ݣʮ꣬˫ƽϥϣư𪣬ʮָ޳Ư˫ֳͫѪһĺɫʹЩ졣
ˣĽܷѩĳˣҲǻܷʥصסڤӡ
ڤӻܷʥصʱ򣬾Ѿɾͽֹȥ꣬ΪǴﵽΪֲľء
΢΢һЦ˵ѵʹ˼ס޾䣬ллʹ佱
ڤӣôŸչʮɣǰͳɾͽѾǴһִħʼĵһ磬δɾͰ벽Ҳϡ档츳Ҫ˰
ԸˬЦ˵
һ˵Ҳ˴˵ۡ
ǰڤڤʥزŲ⾰Ȼȡô˵ĳɼʵѽҹʥأѾ߰ٶ꣬ڵĹģҲأ
ЦŹά
˵ĲڤǵģʵȴѾ֮ˣδҲɾͰ벽𡣡
ǰڤӵĵϵˣ޾ֶҲ˳ڣδпܳɾͽѽ
ŵģҲͨивٵڶ磬һĴڣЩݵĴڶڤӷ׷׹άֻΪڤӵʵ̫Ժˡ
ʮɾʹУһ
ڤʥأֻʱ䣬ͷչȹģҾݴԣõħʼħʼͣǰ֪
ôһϣɾǺεȸ򣬰ʱ䣬Ҳ͵һԶԶǽܱ˵ġ
һ㲻ܴùϵҲٲܵˡ
ڤ΢Ц˵λˣĳλֻպ·Ҫλǰղǣ޾ҲֻȡһСɼˣħʼ칬Сħӣûпɱԡ
ڤڵĴ磬ħʼ硣ʥأܻħʼ֣ñԼˡ

ں칬̸ʱν磬̽źëļ䣬Ѿ̽ˡ
µģޱȳԾķ֡
ëУŸĳЩ֣ëﾹһȿռ䣬ȿռ䣬ë֮Ϊ硱
ڻ֮Уе
ëҲһνֳ塣
粢ǧ磬ޱߣԹƣһ̫ˣƺһ֮磡
澹Ȼĵطѵؾ
һеʮ𾪣ԭΪȫڿ²ˡ
ؾĳһôؾĹҲ
ںëļУ𣬵磡
ѾǷǳԶˣʱΪܵ͡
ëлһЩޣͼȻȴȫܡ
ûлɱǣǽȫν磬ν磬ǵ
֪ЩϢ΢΢²⣬ҲһؾΪ͵ʱҲԼһؾյõһԵϤ˻ܣԴΪη򣬴䣡


1224 Ԥѡս
ëֵļ䣬ǳõϢ
˵֪˻Ĵ⣬ӺëֵļҵһЩڻĹҲϵ
ȻҲΪëﲻ࣬ҲΪĲͬеȴ޷ֱֻܸЩԼԼη⣬һЩԼмֵĶ
һգƫԶĹ֮бչأڼ䣬С͵޳չصصϿӹȴûʶ󷨡
ëеĹ֮ҲûгأǼʼηӡǡ
ڣʣ²ûʹá
ʱһĹȥνǧ磬ÿ첻ϵɱ
һ޳бռ죬߱޷ʳ
߶޵ɱ߱˴֮Ĳɱÿʱỵ֪̈Ҫȥˡ
Щ˵ĸص㣬ǰֵĳиڵҰʱãֱӸ޳Ⱥ֮У̾ͻһΡ
Ĵۣ൱أ
ߣûռ䣬ǳ˱ɱǱɱ
ЩνġߡʵܶһͨʥУٮٮߣȴ޵ֿ֮
꣡
һâգռ·ѿһֳһȾѪ
һͷɶ޺ȻأѪһء
ͷޣ޹޻ߣ޹ĸ֣צ¡
ڣͷ޻ߣնɱ
꣬
ڵڶ̭֮ǰɱһͷޣ޵ʬϵõһ鴫ƣ֣鴫ƣȻǰĴ硣
ʣЩӣҲƣǲۻôߵĹѫֵ
ֻǧ֮вͣĴɱĶɱǰٵǵĹѫֵۻôߡ
ǣڵ̭ʼʱ򣬾Ѿ뿪磬ȥĴѰҶֶԾ
ĲǹѫֵƥеĶ֡
ս塣μһ䣬ΪѰҸǿĶ֣Լʵ
Դӵõ֮Ĺѫֵ÷ɿ졣
ڵ̭տʼʱݵĳˣ֮Ĺѫֵܿͻصһңңȡ
һʱ䣬ɱ˷ǰ٣ǰ٣ǰ٣ֱǰһ
ɱǰһٵʱʥأˣ
ǰֱһ˼ĳɼ
ʥֻǵڶ磬һܶ࣬ڣȴеӽǰ٣ʵһ񻰰ĳɼ
ǰһǧһˮ룬ǰһͬҲһˮ롣
ǰһǧҲǳɾͰ벽
ǰһ٣ȴôһϣɾĽ
ֻҪ侳Ե磬಻Σ
Σעţ칬ϯӡӣע⵽ΪûעڷǰһٵߵУʮټ
ѾɱʮˣλǿֲʥʲôʱľţҲȥʲô
ʥأ´оʵֹǰ٣
ĳ֣ǹʥصţҲ
ʵϣڵֻտʼʱ򣬶ݵɱǰһǧ֮ͺܿȥˡ
̭޵Ĺѫֵٶӣչ֮ȻĿʼ½
ƣȺ󳬹
»صʥصҲ˷˾ǧ
Ȼܶ˶ʵԶֹЩóɼҲľʮһء
ڣȻࡣ
֮⣬ϻһЩҫ۵֡
аڤʥص޾
꣬£ɫ԰ףмĸоʵȴޱȿ¡
һʿĳߣ˷֡
ϵĲߡʤ
޾ͬҲһڴ֮䴩ƣĸ֣ĵ£Ϊĵʯ
֪ھҵĿꡪǰʮжԶ޾ĬĬĲųϵѪֻܲ鵽Լڴȴ鲻
ĬĬ𳤵޾ܣ˵˼ʮˣǵʬȫʿʿ֮£ûʲô˵ʬܱá
Щʬ壬ܿʧѫֵξ޾֮С
Ƕڴʥصĵӣȫ޾նɱ
Щ˵Ĺѫֵ̫ˡ
޾ҡҡͷصѪ뿪
ұɱǿߣǵʬ̾ҵ֮·ⳡһ䣬õĻᣬҪֵ£ħʼע⡣
޾ڲμһ֮ǰڤӸڵһвҪκαȫԸȡõĳɾͣˣħʼܻע⵽пܵõħʼ칬䴫С
޾ĻᣬҪɾʹ֧֣²ˣֻĵӣߵһ׺ܶࡣ
޾ΣǷʮˣŵʮ塣
ڷĵһˣСħɣڰ˸µʱ򣬹ѫֵѾۼʮڣ
ĵڶѫֵֻаھǧ
ʣСħⳡ䣬ҫ۵֣û֮һ
ûκһܸǹķâ
ΣһֱھŸ£һԤѡһ̭٣
Խ죬ɱԽ񣬲ǶˣηȺɱȥ
߱˴֮䣬ҲǷɱ
ͨԤѡ˵һ죡
ʥţŴҫص֮Уõ޶ʹ͡
ɢ޺ߣǾ͸˵ˣͨԤѡǽҰ֮Уᱻƴ£ӴܸԴ·;һƽ
ȻƾɱǵеľŬȴûܸıˣΪһֵ̭ʵֲ̫ˡ
һһ
һ磬ֻʣǧˣ
һʼײߣɸѡֻʣǧˣԤѡܱΪʮڷ֮һֱ˾̭ʡ

СҰ⣬ĲԤѡһ˲䱬âܶʱһһСУȫûУûһߺϸҲֻÿǸУܹʣ
ĵһ磬Ϊߵܹ࣬ʣ½ˡ
ڳ硢ĵ磬ֻʣһǧˡ
Ϲŷ塢ϹĶʥأͨԤѡĵӣҲֻиλѡ
⻹㲻ˣ²ʥأɴ˹ͷ
ݣ
¶ͨԤѡ֮󣬴ν类˳ǳھʮǿǿ˴ǰ١
Ȼ¶Լ⡣
¶˰ĲʯЦݡ
¶һ£һԼҪΪϸ̫ϳϣôôã


1225 
ʦ𡣡
¶Żʯһ뿪Ϲŷһʱ֮У¶ѾʽݻʯΪʦ
ʯЦֵúܲƽҲ
ƽϹŷһӣڣѾ¶ǹȥˣƽδ翼ˣҲֻõһʮĳɼ¶ࡣ
лл̫ϳϿ佱
ƽǿЦЦе㲻ζһСԼ˾꣬ҲԼ͵һصŮӱȥúܶӡ
ʰһ£׼ȥμӸϹŷ壬ĸӽ˸ѽ
ĸӣ
¶ƽһ㶣ͬϹŷĵӣνʱϵ֪˴˹ѫֵĴҲԤ˭ܳߣ˭ܣô㣬ֻܳߣƽ֮⣬һĵӣһǧ˰ٶ˳ߵı׼
ôĸˣ˭
ʯϵ¶ƽдһʣص˵ĸˣҲʶģӦܲµˡ
ѵǡʦ֣¶Ȼ뵽ǰ뿪Ϲŷ㣬Ҳڳڻˣ츳Ȼǲⳡʢµģ
ʯӣβסЦݡ
¶л򣬹ֲûʯôˣԭҲμ˵һ䣬츳ȻҪϹŷ峤ˡ뵽¶¶֮ɫ˵ĸо
ʦֵĳɼرǸ߶˰ɣ¶˵
ǸһϲߵʱɱܰǰһǧһǺСӷֵˣֻģܰǰһĳɼߡ
ʯһ˵¶ƽ׼ǵһɱһ磬ڵڶ磬ɼҲ̫̬ˡ
ʦ֣ǡ¶̾һЩ꣬ϰֶиҲԼѪӵˣΪ׷ĽŲܿıӰڣȴԽԽԶˡ
ƽ죬֪˵ʲôˣǼʣĽڶɣؾʱǲǱ͵ˣ
ͻȻʧҲ䲻ΪˣؾͳʱֿΪʱΪ̫ͣʵ˵΢Ҳûй໳ɣڿƽȴɵء
Сӣʲôܣ
ҲֻˣȷôĵλǲܰǿٳϹŷ壬ǻ͸η˾Ѫ
Ƿ˾Ѫƽۣһӣʮ⣬õһΡ
ôУʲô򣿡
¶ʻʯ˵һ̭ʴﵽ˾ʮڽһǲμӵһĲ߻ʵ̫ôߵ̭£ȫͨԤѡȻһǧңôˣɸѡҲס
ʯѾˣÿһٸ磬ֳһ飬һС֮нУһٸ磬вٵһ硢ڶĲߣμһʮոֻˡ
ֻѡˣƽ죬̭̫ˣһٸ磬аٵһ硢ڶ磬ֻѡˡ
ζҪдǰʵУʵǳڵ磬ǰĺҪһЩҪǰһܽ
Ҳ˵¶Ŭͨˡ
ǽֹڸ
뵽ʹҪһ̨ƽлǸе꣬Ȼ֪ǿƣԼи΢ƽϣţһ˵Ŀܣڣȴ޷ͨҲԶ
¶Ҳ֪ͨˣȫûϣϹŷ壬Ҳֻͨˡ
ʵʲô
֪ʯҡҡͷ磬ǵĴҲԶθˣ
𡭡¶һв֪ʲôоһ֪꣬ڵΣ

ʱһԤѡ

ν类ָ֪
ȭͷվΧԲʮķΧǼһͨԤѡĲߡ
뵱νʱΪԲһķΧĲߣڣȴֻʣǵһˡ

ָʶһ˲䣬ԺһϤĽܷѩ
Ľ
һһ̣ħռ䡣
ĽܷѩС
С˯СθԽԽ֮ǰħռеİ˾ŰʯȻԵ˰˳ɡ
ڵνͷȥ˴ǧ絤ʣµһЩͷҲСԸɾˣˣǷǧڵծ
뵽ЩǷЩ
ħռ֮СƺӦ˹˯ۣһ㶣˷ܵЦˡ
磡
СǣСֻ֣ʮһģȻʵδ֪УֻǸӡ
Сǳ˯˯˳ԣǡ
ҪȥμӸƺνˣҪ齢ȥָص㡣
˵ţͻȻһϢ
ʶת˲뿪ħռ䣬ͬʱһĻǰȼ
Զŵ۶ĽϢ
ǧ絤ʱ򣬽ڲ̫ȷϸ£ͽǧʯȻ࣬ǧʯóˣԽӡǺܲġ
֣ϲ
ôȷλ֮󣬾ͼҴҵĸԶԶľͺʱνϲ⣬ĳɼԭĺò֪ٱĵӣȥˣ֪Լˣ
ֻҪһϵڼеĵλֱ
֣ıˡѾȥһҪҪ
˵ţױƵĵһö
ӹ֪һɨһٸ硣
ЩСһһߣСֻһǧʮˡ
гע⣬ΪϹŷܲ硣
һϹŷûˣʱͻȻе˾֮УĽܷѩǿʶ
Ľôˣ
΢΢һ㵣ӡУĽܷѩϲŭɫˣټʧ̬
Ľܷѩһ˫ۣĽë΢΢Ĳţ֮۾Ŀг˱
һһٵ˵ڤӵĴˣ棡
ţ
һ
ڤӣ
֣˵֪ٴΣǽ죬ڵһĽӴˣ
ڤӵĴˣû뵽ԼڤӵĴˣ֮еˡ


1226 
ٵɨһпһڤӽڤʥء
Ľ˵ǡڤʥأ
ڤʥأڤӱģԭͽڤʥأΪڤ޾ڤӵĴˣĽܷѩ˵
֮Ľܷѩʧȥ˯꣬ɢ׷ȥ˳ޣ죡
Ľܷѩ޲ýڤʬΣҡ
֪ˡɨһ޾ʮ
ʮˣһʮֿŵĳɼˣ
һθ㶨ȻҪڤӵĴ˶޷ܵĻȥڤˣ
Ľܷѩ˵ڤʱμһ䣬ǱҲ˿
һġ˵ͷ
ʱͷͻȻŤγɵռһҾ޴齢ӿռ֮зɳͶ»ɫӰ
齢ʮʮ齢ɢǿȻһ
齢ͣȣһµˣ齢зɳڰն
߾ųߣڿУγһĹȦһһŷĲ
ǡ
̧ͷͨ˵ĲߣҲˡ
λ
˿ˣ״ǧﷶΧÿˣ
º칬ʮӣʦ֮ǰλǰǣҲǴ˴θĵص㣬;ʱ䣬λ׼ҳ
һ˵ڳ˶ǰԾ
һУĵӣôֻ״ӡ
𳤴ƳУյ״ҲǼٸˣƽʮһӡ
Щ˵УٮٮܳɾͰ벽ģҲǴͨ
ȻżҲжΪһʷϣֹӰѾﵽֲĳ̶ˣ
ǰˣһͨǿߣ
ǣȻһ
ЩȻʵڹ¡ЩʮҪǸ
Ľܷѩ֮˵ֻһƻˣǿߣһγǧͬ顣
ԭˡ̾˵Ļʵ̫һЩ˷ֲ
ҲûʲôҪʰģֱӷ齢
һ𣬷׷׽齢һ齢֮У·һƬ硣
齢֮Уж죬ԿдеĲԭɭ֣ﻨ㣬
ʮƯŮӣѾ齢еȺ򣬸ڶߣԼķ֮С
ÿ˶һģڲռʮֹϢء
ԼϢصʱ򣬸оϢؾһƵĶ
бչľңʽУĵطһƬдеҩ԰ҩĿȡá
齢ϢеԪͿԱȵһʥؼʵõˣ۶еֺأҲضá
̾⻹ֻһ齢Ҫ·ģǺ칬ڲרĵطǿ֪ˡĵ̡
Ľܷѩ齢ƷרԪķ齢ļֵңңҲˡ
һ͵ӵ齢ֵͱȵùңѹ˵ңͰƷŵĲɼһߡ
ʲôֻҪдã봫УԵĶͻ
ӴŮӣһָһӣ˵
һֻۣϣʮöһöһһöУ׭ʳʮö򣬾ǧʳ
ЩʳУÿһֶøĵر֥ҩɣʵҩţõĲϣȻǷô󣬵Ҳʥؼųʹޱˡ
ЩֻǹӦߵͨʳˡ
һöհѡһЩȣԿ̺ú봫֮УһĹ򣬱һʻŵʳг֣֮һŨŨҩ뷹һζ˱Ƕ
Ǻûʳ
̾ȡʳãʱͻȻһͣ˿ӣ߳ԼĶȴڶ֮⣬վһꡣ
òݣһ˫۾ںڣ̷ɾ䣬ɫĲ԰ףܿƤ֮ɫѪܣ˫ֲűմѪϴһöͱµĽָ
ֻվͬһڽеı
ͫ΢΢һԺ˲뵽һ֣磬ҲֻܹԼĸо


˼ͬʱ˵ǶЦˣĿӣսƣ
һʱľ콾ŻеĸоܶԷȴϧ
ϧԤѡûϣҺ㽻ֻ֣ٳԣζˣ̭ʼҾ뿪磡˵
Ҳһأ㡣
˶ǶţͬսΪԼҪһ֣֣ͬʱͬĶսѪڡ
ǵһսҪҸоԤѡʱûзӳȫʵһ˼Ķ֡˵
˴ˡ
΢΢һЦĸֵܵǿָоǸݶԷΪۺʵжϣһȫȫֱսսʤͬеĶγɵֱ
ҵ㣡
Ҳǣ

齢׼ǵʱ컯磬޼Ҳųе׼
޼̵ǿӡҲһ̣ճɼͨԤѡԶȻı̭ˡ
ʱ޼̵Ѿ齢׼ǰǡ
һγУȫ̳ϳ״ӣһǧǰǡ
֮ǰûۿһĽҲר̴޼̵ıչصظ;󲿶ӻϡ
ݣ޼¡صİݼʽˡ
ʱ齢֮Уǧ鸴ӣڻо޷ţǵķȻŵǰһǧһ
Ҫֻ֪컯ʮѣڵ̭У޷ߣŰɱ֪ٴΡ
ֻһĵ֣Ķãһеĸֵж̬Ǽֱˣ
һΣʮͷ׷أЩóһͷ˲ɱüֻǲóٶȣʱס
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬һߣֻһ㽫ʮͷȫɱ
֪컯Ҳʮѡ
ʮһǺεȲࣿ
оԼ֮ĲѾˣʮֻǰŮӵķǲһҲŪҲδء


1227 Դʽ
˵ŪˣϿ
ղԼĻ˵˴ǧŪ
ҲǻʦõƷô飬Ҳ˵˵ûκκôֻǵһϹŷ˸ǵķأ֮ǰˣϹŷ壬ҲһǧˣһǧУģҳǧϡ桭
⡭Щɵۣ˵пܣʵ֮ǰҲΪϹŷĹǧҲֻһ꣬ΪΪϵŮķһЩżʱ磬ʵԤĶһҲ顣
һ˴һȫ֮У˿˵Щˡ
ϵȷʵпҲпܾŮӵ˵Ƿ½ͱֵʮ㡭
˵ţԼҲ˵Щ԰ף½㣬õһô
½㣬岻μӹһ䣬ʮ˽һֳߵжôֲοõһ˵ʵʵڲ̫ţһ½ߣԱ֮Ϊԭסܹﵽĸ߶ȣȥҵǸǿߣŪˣǾˡ
˵Լĵġ
뵽ǸǾŪĪһռȥףϵɫ˲Щѿ
ǸǶĳ棿
ƢãҲڳ͸ճˡ
Сţһ׷۷壬ǶŮˣ鶼δؿأߣһǶ½罨ļͥϵ͵ˡ
˵˵Įţδֻǳɾʥʮôʱ䣬ǵӡȥˣƳУֻռ˺ССһʱ䣬½罨ļͥѾ˲֪ٴıǨ
統Ͻ꣬ΪҪأȴеһǣҡִħŻȥ˿ԼʱѾˣϽֻʮܵĺһ˿Եȴǣҡ
˵Լĵڶģüͷ΢壬룬˵ô˵ȥɣ̽һ⣬ȥ˵˵׼һ⣬Ҫǵǿ߲ϲˣ˵ɡ
š
ͷ
ϵҵǧˣԼĲ²͵ί˵һ¡
Ȼػί񣬵ǧôŮʱҲûˡ
ǲᵭĮ飬ֻЩģϵġǵķ
Ƕʮ㣬Ǵһĳɾ̫ͣˣ
Щ죬ҲĴȼЩ˽⡣
꣬ҲֻǱϹŷһֹĸ߲ˣϹŷĺܲʮֹһҲ൱ڰƷţң࣬ʥأôһ㡣
ǷֹгΪĵӣһҲ̫Զˡ
һһҪʥصĵһŲС
Ůģ㡣
ϰοع˵Щǻǣֻϣи׼λģеҲȥǵġ
Ȼϣ󣬵ǴϻҪŮùϵʱ飬Ҫȷ֮ĽҪˡ
ǡллˡǧǿһЦص˵
ϵǷȥǣҪˡ

ʱ÷ɿ죬һ¡¡
齢һֱڷУϵĴա
ǵĿĵǣһСУС磬϶С֮һֱֻڷ֮һ
еڼ䣬һʼһ֮⣬ʱ䣬һֱڿޡ
ƷԼνɾԴεһ˲䣬õķ
ڵҪ򣬶ôҪˣϹŷص⾳򣬶İǺܴ졢µͼʯ̡ʯԶûֵ̫ˡ
ΪԼ壬һõͼʯ̡
Ѫ⡢֮࣬Уķģ
Щģɾžɵʱ򣬴ؽ֮ģ
־٣žɵĴԵ˶ûУΪħȵԵɺ֮£ŵԾ˵Ψһ
ЩֻҪչؿˣΪЩѾǰԼѪںˣ°빦
ټЩԪȻγɵģȫڴ;ԣֻҪ򵽵ĶǾ裬˲򣬱Ȳ׭̵ͼʯ̺̫ˡ
̶£ΪοռУǿȵĴߣֵõһ˿ԴΣٶȣѾֲޱȣԶԣҲ򶥼ŵˮ׼
ϵ򡭡⾳ǻϵĵ⾳ô
⾳⾳һĶǻΣԪԣһԪڹȥɡ
⾳Ǹˮ룬ǰضǻѶͻȻӣڣڴˡ
ͻȻ˫ۣڵУٿһ棬ǴĻ档
ϵ⾳
𣬲ֻʵȼյû棬ŭ𡢶ʻĻȵȣЩ棬
һȼʮֵĿֲû֮⾳ʵ֮УʵϣɱһΡ
еˣܵӰ죬ʱ־ȣŭĻôǿԳܣջڷ궼մ
ʵϣ֮
ţзѪǹԵ˳һ̣ȼܵĻ棬ɫɫ
ǴŷĻ棬Ŀ֮УҲлȼա
ͻȻһǹ̳ȫĻ棬ȫעѪǹ֮ϣѪǹֳ˫ɫ
ɫΪʵɫΪ
ʵϣʵ޻һǹûвκοռ䲨ҲûвҵԪըȥôۣȻȴ֪һǹϣΪģᱻʵͬʱҲȻӦ˲仯ɷɻң
ʽ
ĽܷѩԺЩ죬ĽܷѩҲڲԶŵ۶һȱƬĽܷѩвмֵĶ
һУ䲻⣬ѷһСģͻԿĽܷѩ˵
ͷЩԴ˲ʽĲȥʽΪɲ㣬ˡ
ղһУһ⾳طԴʽ־һµĿʼ
Ȼʽͽɡ


1228 ̨
Ǽִǣвߣʰװ׼뿪齢ʮ֮󣬸ʽʼ
ʱһĮ齢֮лص
Ĳǣڵִ˴˴εһ临ľеص㡣
ڵô
վϴ֮⣬Ŀ޾ǿ֮еһεɫ
ϣ߳ˮֱ
Ǻ˽ȴû࣬һֱڿ״̬Ϊһ临ʮеص֮һ
齢һδԽռ䣬ֱӽϡ
вߣ뿪齢ʮ֮ʼ
˿ٶɳ齢֮⣬ȴ֮УѾͣ˼ʮ齢
һһٸĲߣÿһ磬һרŸͲߵ齢
ڣڶ齢֮УһСɽʮߴ齢зԶԶȥͬһȺһ㡣
ʮˣۼһ𣬲֪ôȡţôһ𣬿ֲ㶯ν磬Ҫƽܲס
šʲô
ͻȻ֣ڶ齢·ƽԭϣһ޴Ͻɫ̨߶ȣмʮɣ಻Ŀ⣬һҾ޴齢Χ̨ܣԭҲԳ֮ΪȻ齢̨ǰȴͬһȺСɳһ㡣
̫ˣǼ̳
𾪣̨ɽ壬ôΰɽ壡
̨֮ϣȻʮ̨ףÿһ̨ףɸߣɿһС硣
ľ㵵ǣ̨ϷԪȻʵʣ۳ҺΣЩҺλһγˮߵʯ̨ϻ£ԽԽ࣬ļʯֱ̨ͬٲһ㣡
ͬٲһԪԹеЩԪȻǴǻģǴ洢̨֮еԪܹЩԪȫתԪ߶ȥ乥֪ˣ
еڶߣ̨׳ء
ЩߺҪɹȥȻûӽͻȻеһ޷ݵĿֲѹЩţͬ۳һ㣬ƴ裬ȴԽԽֱͣӴӸ߿׹䣡
Щ߶ʵǿԪ壬ˤˡ
ô£
̨¶һɿֲѹ
ڶ콾̧ͷǰΡϽ̨
̨Ĳ֪Ǻʯɵģʯϲ⻬·ֲޱȣϸȴЩ·Ŀ̻̺еڻʯϵ·
ÿһ·ͬϸһ޴̨ϵ̨һʮף
ʮʯ̨ʮ죡
ĿһʮԼɹʮɣʯ̨Ҳʮء
˵ʮأȴһֱ֪ʮʲô˼ܴ½ʱ˵أҷϸ߿գѰ죬ײƽ죬̫죬ÿһ죬вͬľ󣬲ܴ½ڵֻʮ½֮ĳһһ΢Աʮûʲô壬֪ʮ쵽ʲôѵһĵط
ɻˣʮ֣˵硣ûһȨ˵
ʱ֮УĽܷѩʮ˵ѾãΣҲ֪ǰ̨йŹ֣ûĲʯ֮һبʯǴĲϣ
ţبʯ
һ㵣ʱһ޴ǡ
һĸǰʯ̨̨ϾУ̨ϹʱһλƳ˵ڴ̨Ƕˣܷ񣡡
̨Ƕ֮˱ɷǺεȿڳʮ˶զࡣ
Ѿʧǰķ̨ʦ𡪡𾭹ʮʱ䣬Ϲŷ̨Ƴ鱦
һ鱦һΪϣʱγëبʯڵʮϣƶɣ
˵ˣںµʮӣҲǸûǵĽǿߣ
һΣϵȴǻǱ
һٰϵĸɺʮ֣
һǿָҲǹˡ
Ȼ鱦壬ֱʣһ鱦ǰϹŷ̨ģ˵ˣǷƷ鱦ķƷˡ
һƷѾ˾ˣķ̨Ǻεǿѹ˵̨Ƕ֮˱ɷ񣡲šòǷƵİɣ
һ뵽˷
𣬺ҲһǿޱȵҲǸԪһģ㲻ãҪԪ
ΪϴοģλԶŵ۶֮µϹżӡʮǰشĪĹϵǳٵǡ
̨ȻƺҪ鱦
ħߵ֮·ʱ򣬼ħ۵Ĳл꣬ӶԷе֪Ԫ֮·Ϊһ
ʧܣԼҲˣ漰֮ܣħҲ֪
ɴƲ⣬Ӧó鱦ԻԪͣһ鱦˴£ʧˡ
ţʱʮӵٶ𣬡棬һθı򣡡

в߶һʱ˶䣬ϸֱӹϵεһĳɼδǰ;ȻҪˣ
ҾθߣʮӣǿԳΪФӣ
ڷ̨ϾУ̨̺ѹѹ࣬ɻɼѹѹҪΪҲҪ츳־ȱһɣ̨ǶǵۺϿ飬ܲסѹ˵Ϸ̨ڷ̨վܡ
֮⣬ڷ̨ϣÿǰһףǶҪһǿĶ֣ǰʮһ׷̨ϣѾú󷨣֮Уʵͬģ⾫壬ǣһ̨ףֱ֮ʧȥʸ񣡡
ʮףͲǸսˣֱѡһߣܶԷܵһףҪһǿԱΣ֮ܵʧȥʸ񣡡
Ф˵ڳȴզ࣬վڷ̨ϣҪܼѹսܵĿ֪
ǰʮһ׻ãֻǶսγɵ⾫壬ʮףǸͬΪߵսܹߵһţһǾǿǿײ
ڿʧεƣΪ˷ֹЩ̫Լʵ㹻ȴ˸ǿߣû߼ͱ̭ˡ
Уɱ֣Է֮󣬲ɼԤףǵǶȻϣã
Фȴڳŵ淴֮ģǶ֮е֮ӣ˵ҲܵǶƫҪǶ


1229 һƱ
ФӾȻ˵ûһܵǶģǰǿ˰
һ米Ľü˵
ٺ٣ФǰȻʶǷ˵ûܵǶǶѶȡܴ󡣡
ڽߣһ߲廰
Ļ˲ٱĵĿ⣬ҪԼı׼ˣǴʦһʥڵţ֮ǰԤѡǴʦֱ˴ʵõ˴һȻʦԤѡɱǽ涼ûմѪ˳һѪǶƨ
ڽͬ米ĵ˵ЩˣȻʥصĵӣҲǽѪʦܣһʥأٸԤѡߵĵӶϡ档
ʥذһţ
֮ǰ˵ͷһ£ǴţĻȷʵǿ󣬡ǰһŵĻǽΪͨˣ
ߣʱþηĿ⿴Ѫ
ΪͨѪüҶ˶Цһȸ֪֮־
ʱǣʮУ罣Ѫһʮ
кܶˣԤѡΪãûеõƣѫֵȻޡ
ЩˣǹⱣʵڣǶĦȭƣȴų̨
ţǸ߰ģִС󣬶ŴʥصһŵųɳߣǶԼʮ㣬û˻ΪԼˡ
һɫɽ֮ϣһ߾̨룬ӭɫ԰ףͫѪ죬ɢһɵڤӴ޾
ûܵǶ˼ҲսѶȲֻѶ̫ͣ游ţѹȫһɳ죬õħʼĹע
޾Լеĳںʯɽ֮ϣܿڤ״̬ǾŲͬڳ˵ĵط֮һǲ˷κһʱ䣬ʱ޿̲
ʱҲŷ̨Ĭĳһʱ̣ͻȻһתͷȥ˲֪˵ӰңԶУһµ
˵ĿڰײȻôԶľ룬ȴĸܵ˴Ŀеս⡣
ʮ㣬֪ûҵĶ֡ʮĶС
ûжֲ֪ΡҲоֳҲܡ
ЦЦʵǷ̨Ҫѹ
ѹ־츳ۺˮ׼һ˵ų̶ȣҪʵս
ˣĹҪǣҪ̨ܷѹҪÿһһǿĶ֣˲ܼǰ
ȴܻٽĳһϣѾûվͬȸ߶ȣս޿սľ档
ʮȴƳ˵ʵ̫ݣʮ죬ųŶصԼ齢еıչصأ
Ҳ⡣
̨һ־õսʮɵĸ߶ȣ޷УҪϷ̨ͱһͽ
ҲζţⳡҪ֮ã
˴սǶ񣬽Լ״̬
ʮʱ䣬ȴڶĹڣĴ
ϵ齢գǡ
ͬʱ칬棬ФԳ֣һЩͨطĺĵӣΧŷ̨˾޴ޱȵĹϯ
ϯƣϯ壬ȫɴɵɽʯݳɣûκΪӹ߱λֻдŵλðˡ
һŵλãˣλãΧһֱǧľ޴ԲȦʮڹڣ
Ʊɺ칬ͳһۣҪһţѣ
ʮƱ࣬ۼһٸĲߣԼ硢С磬ÿ磬Ҳֵֻһǧˡ
۳ָʥأң·ѧ޵Ʊٿ۳ָÿߵƱ
ֵܷÿ磬۵Ʊʵǧе磬Ʊ͸ˣ
粻֪ж˿ڣֱԼҪ֪һμӵһţˣ
뿴һ临ˣ֪ٱиʥأƱҪȺ壬ϹȻ˰ٸֹÿֹһ߲㣬ټϸָϹܲԼĵӣҪ򣬹ϹĵһƱȻǲеġ
ԺʥضƱĹʸ൱ϸƣǮУҪλݣΪﵽʥ
ʵ̼ҪһƱû·
Ʊһͻ¾ӡת֡ܵõһƱǵλݵ
ϣ򲻵Ʊ
޼̵ĵӻ档
֪ˡ
һЩΣ޼̣ڰƷҲ㲻ðμ⣬ֻٰ֪ƷеһԱһС˻㲻ϣʷɫһҲֻǿŵ˴缸ʮݵˮ׼ʵŵ򶼺ܲˡ
Լĵϣܺ绽꣬ƼǣһƱ򲻵
ʥǿߣҲôҡ
Ȱɣ˵̻ս̼¼۳ۿֻܵǸʱˣû취Ҫֱӽ齢ǲܵ顣
˵ǧһˣҲ޲ߣǸһҴ齢ΧﷶΧǽ˭Ҳڣĸ߲ˣҲ⡣
Ҳû취飬ʮߣ˵ǧȫȥػأ齢ĳڶҪˡ
ˣȥϹŷ壬ֱ֤ǸǷϹŷҪƱͿˡ
ǧ갵̾ԼļңϹŷΪʥأڶʥǿߣŪƱǺ׵ģοϹŷ廹еڲμӸֱӷֵƱݶ
ǧ굱뷨˵ˣ۾һ㻹ʶϹŷˣ
ֻʶһӷȥķֹ߲㳤ϣӦҲۿ
ӱǷҪĽˣûɲۿ
ţǼϹŷĸ߲㣬ǿԼġ
ϵͷ˵ȴЩģ˵ʲôҡҡͷһҲܾʹ˷أҪһ

ţҪңλϹŷ齢֮еķӣõϢЩ⡣Щʲôˣ
һˣҪӵŮӣԳƵһܴ½½λһ֮Ե
ܴ½Ůӣѵǡһ˵ǽȥ̫ϳϻʯĴûҲǰɣ
Ѿµ˭ˣпܳΪԴ½ӣȻҪ
ǣ
𴫻ĵӹˣһǧꡢ޼̵ĴϣϹŷ齢Ĵ֮С
ˣʯԼӡ


1230 ʼ
ϹŷУʯʥ۷壬ʥǰ벽ʥ
һ޼̴϶ʱе˲СѹԼڶѣǰ˲Զ
Ƕʥصĵ̡
ҲЩţһֱŪ˲ճ
ĸˣʯҪ񣬱Ͼݲ̫ˡ
ǧʱ򣬷Ѿǰһӭ˶ˣλ
һ㣬ӱ˹
ǰǽûеõ֮ǰǧЩ㷲
ǰɡ΢΢һЦ齢бչأĪ˵ǣҲġ
ӵһϯѾͬڿ϶˷ϵǧķ
еһʯͷأŮּϲĸоΪȡ˶õĳɼڿ˳ļֻҪʼʱ򣬾ۼˣ
뵽ļ棬ǧǸоɬ
޼̴ϣǺݺݵһڿˮЩɡ
ǵķ
˶һۣӶԷп𾪡ۺһĸĿ⡣
ϵȻҪңлɣҲԶŮʼмӣһΣĶˣ
ʱʯЦŶŮźӣ˵ܴ½ǧ࣬ǷѽϷҲϵģƺһЩķѪϹŷ壬Ϸָǡ
ʯ˵˶䷢飬ǧһ£޼̴ϡ
޼̴һ£ŻæӦæλﾡϹŷ壬ùǡ
ЦһǰһǧĶţӣ޼Сĸݡ
ллǰŮԻʯһ
ʯ󷽷ˣ⼸ͬڰʦ񣬶ŮԺΪҲָġ
һǸˣϹŷ壬Ϊԭ򣬶ֵƱҲһ𿴿ɣۼǷĳɾ͡
ʯ˵ŵƱֳ´ࡣ
ллǰŮϲ⣬æ˵
һˣȴǺݺݵһڿˮƱҲҪۿŵĶԾ۽磬δĳɾͣкô
ʯƳ޼̴һۣӸղǧѾµǧܵĹϵˣŮǣҲΪǵİ
һЦ˵Ҫ뿴Ҳɣ
һдϲæл
һݺֱӹۿӴ̨ѹǷ̨ϵķ·ǶԣһԵ

ʱܿ쵽˵ʮ죬ʽʼˣ
ڵھյʱ򣬴Ļ᳡ͿʼλˣҿЩ߶ɣֱӷԾ̨ԼλʮŶ
ˣҲһյʱ䣬Ž޴Ŀ̨׵
ʮ˾ۼһʲô۹ȥȫ޾ȺϿǰߣ
УҲˣɽɳͬɻһ㣡
ˣǸͷܶڵ򣬶ǶŶõһһȴֻͨһڡ
˿ࡣ
޼̴ϸп治ףΧˣλݶǸߡ
ǧĸǱŵһλãͬʱ̨
̨ķеģǶ棬ҲۼЩطĹڣֻܿһˡ
ʱа齢֮Уʮŷ˳
ǵĳҲԤʾţʽʼˣ
쿴ǳˣ
ôˣóһǶŰ
ƼһٸľӢⳡһޱȾʣ
ڶŷʱ˿ֲźô˻ֲϵƲʶ忪ˣ
λڣλһٸ磬ڶСǣ
ʱڷ̨ĶϽǣһԸŮǵͨ󷨣ǹȫ
Ƿ׷ȥŮȻһģһȻ˫̥ǽöˣͬǺ칬ĵӡ
ϾҪʼ̨֮ϣʥ޷УҪϷֻ̨ͽ
սʤ֣ͿԼһף֮Ҫ½һף޷֧֣ʧߣᱻɨ̨ĳߣݵ̨׵ļжͬȼģʱĶճΪˣ
Уأһ˽֣׼˲֣ʧȥʸ񣡡
ʮţٷ̨Ľ£̨ʮɸߣÿһ൱һ£ټʼŵѹҪȥ̸ף
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ͷ죬ɣ߲
Ρķ̨һ֮ϣԪγɵٲкٲк̨ǵʱ򱻷̨գѭ
ûʼʵǣѹѾˣ׹һܲסЩˣɣû˭ֵ֧ѣȻͨԤѡģǾ
ɨһۣʮŵı־۵ףЩˣһٸļϣ
ִ硭ҿִˣ
ߵĸ֪ɨʮ˸ò˶ʱ䣬οޱȵϤǵһʱͿǸޱϤıӰһ£ͷΰķ̨
ǧס֣ҲǱɬǧ࣬ڼܲϲƽ˵ҪıĪҪġ
֪˵
вߣһſվڷ̨֮£ʱԺ칬ŮӺ
λڿʼ
ݣ
ŮĻ䣬ʱڶŷ׷ӭԪٲͬԾţ
̨ϽɣǿԵģеĲߣһԪѹ֮£һɸߣ
ʮţٲ֮д˫ץסֲ̨ڵʯױڣһδνԾ
ǵٶȼ죬ֱɶϣͣ٣
ѹ֮£˱֣Ǻη
̨֮ϣǿ̾˵
вģЩˣۿҪϵһЩˣ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ʮ֮УмˣҪϷ̨һˣУ޾
ϵǶһ׸ʲôӦûԽԽѣҲҪǶҪһ·ȣȫսȫʤǹˣ
޾Ѫɫ֮ͫУųĿĹâ
ɣһ米ߣһѪ
٣ٶȺܿ죬ٶȲһУⳡ̨֮Ҫģʵһöˣ


1231 ʲôǽ
ʮߣʵ£ԶԶȥ׳ޱȡ
ٶйоأÿһȣʵϣҲǹٶȣʵǷ̨ʱ򣬷̨ϢѹУŵԪۺһ״ĸо
̨ʯڣֲڡɡӣЩʯ·ס¡Īд˸СʵǷ̨ʱͷ̨֣ʯԿ̵·̺ŷǳ⾳ͣƷһڣûʱ䡣
θҲǳգһֱо̨Ҳо̫ණ
̨˵Ϲ鱦Ĵڣϴ̨ɳ񣬹̨
Ӧòǿ̸ķ̨ȻֻǷƷҲ̺һ˿Ϲŷ̨⾳ˣĪĺô
гһգԵüϹŷ̨ʵϹŷ̨ʮףֻ֪Ǻι⾰
ипţ첻ٶȣԵĸŷ̨⾳
˵޾Ѫֻһ׷ٶȣ׷һô˿̣£̨ƺһƷƷ򲻳ʲôҲǶԼľ
̧ͷȥѾϵһףѡ˷̨һ棬ʱ
ʱʮУһˣһԾ˷̨һף
ˣϷ̨һ׵ĵһˡħʼ޾
ڷ̨֮£һ˫̥Ůͨ󣬴ȫ
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޾Ԥѡɼʮˣħʼڶ˳һᣬħʼĵһħʼĴСħɣ
˫̥ŮСħɵ̨֣¹ڶһ󾪺
֣׹ԤѡһʼֵʱСħɾλзһһζûбһ·ңңȣ
СħɸزμӸֱӽʵԤѡòμӣμֻΪ˳ͷڷͷѾˣҪµ齢ĸСطμӣСħɶʱûȤˣǸСħȱϯ
˱͵ûκβȻ顣
޾ʲôˣȻ
ɵģڤʥصһӣмĿܳΪͨϣɾʹ
ڳЩߣǲμӵһԤѡ̭ģȻûп񣬲޾һ·Ԥѡģ֪ܲʮ˵޾
ڤʥص೤ЩۣҲǻ΢Ц޾󱲣Ǻ⡣
ݣ
һ⾫޾ǰ޾Ķ֡
ھոжһ˲䣬޾ˡ
ε
һǳɣˣֻǸо޾ƺһ£ûܿ棬Ѿʣ
޾ǰľ壬һᣬȻ
ɱ޾ڶף
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ȥǲǰ
ʹˣҲ̫˰ɣ
Ϊڵĺĵӣɴ۾¸صޣҲ¶ݣǵȻΪǸ̫򵥣ֻ˵޾ʵ̫̬
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ʮÿȡıʽͬ˵ʮֹƽһЩΪ鲻ö̭
ڤЦЦǫ˵ֻʱһˣ޾⺢ӣϲͷӦкܶˣûչ¶ʵ
ڤ̫ǫˣ˭޾Ķ֡
ǰߵ˾޾ʮңңȡ
׷׹ά
ڤֻЦЦ
ŷ̨ϵ޾ĬĬ˵Աħʼעֻ̨ͬľ̨
޾֮󣬽ѪҲ׷׵ϵһ㣬ǵսҲǸɾ䣬һգ۵ʱ䣬㽫ɱ޾ͬĻɱٶȣ
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Ѫɱ壬ʼʵڶʱʥصĵҲƴźŮӣȻڽѪ
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죬νǴ۽磬ҲĸеŵĿֲ
Ҳҿ˸ԶûлʶЩǵգֻǾ֮ܣ
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ʮһѡİˣһѡһǰһǧ϶ͨ
ڷߣʯźӣЦżŸտʼأ֪˾еĳܱһʼǰģ̵ʱҪңֻһʼñʵģŻõΡ
⡭ǺǡЦˣҲţĳɼȻԤѡĳɼ֮ͲˣȻΪʵʵױ˶٣
ľ壿
ڵһ̨ף󷨾壬ߵĲˣѾʼ뾫弤ս
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⾫ֻǿ󣬷򲨶ˣһǿ˵Щ֣Ҷԣʲô
ѪǹûھԾһ˲䣬˫ָָǹâһ˲ᴩ˾ͷ­

屬飡
һɱ
⡭һڿˮˣ
ֱ޾ǣһɱٶȣ
̫̫ˣ
޼̴ϣҲˣڶɣٹʮʮ꣬ǲǾɱǾһɱԼ
⻹𣿼ֱ֡
쿴ǸˣҲһɱ⾫壡
ʮ˫۾עŷ̨Ȼע⵽Ȼɱٶȣһڶ˿
ȻƣκһС
ûУǸɱ⾫ˣϹŷİ
һ̣ϹŷĵӣԺУ
Ϲŷ壬ֻǶʥصԴƣơ
ܹһǹʥصľţ
ʲôǽ
ǽ



ϹŷĵӣҲʼƴź˷


1232 пᾺ


Ƽص
Ϲŷĵǣƴȫźܲ
ʵһС
ʵͻܵ𾴣۸˻š
ʵȻ˼һͷǰϹŷҪʥΪʥǴϹŷ壬ֻǶʥء
ڣʥصţѾȫǹȥˣ
Ϲŷĵӣоü
һ̣Ϲŷҫ
ãʹǹǣǹǵĺӣǵɪ
ʯһҲûгϵӣڹϯɫͨ죬ֱĴȡڳʮڹڣĿɲֹһ֣ھҲھ˭ɤŴ
ֳˣɶͬ˵ٮٮߣһ߽ԪעǺεȿֲĳ֮ɽɽʯ׷׹䣡
Ҷ뺰ˡ
ڻʯߣЦ
ֳֳܵյĸȾǸۿս̵ĸоȫһ
˽磬һϱǷΧһСֳԵķ񣬺οϯĵһ䣡
֪ͶɤŵĵˣԪע֮УȫʯЦ˵⡣
ڻʯ߲Զǧֻֽһ
ʱŮ˼ʮָӡ
һ棬ΪеԺͽڷ̨ϣǸĿӰź̵֣ǵķ
ͬʱҲΪķٳɳеһ˿ѾıӰˡ

С˵
ǧ֪ʲôʹ֣ŮЩһ߹һѾͨͬá

ʱѾʼʵǷ̨ڶס
֣˵̨Ĵѹ̨ϣܵѹҪСöֻ࣬ʱ򣬳ܵѹ
·ЩѹͬٲһϷк
̨ϣϢָһЩԪټʵǣһÿЩˣָͣһЩ
̨ڶ㣬ʯڵ·һвֲ֪̺ͬͬʲô
ʯ̨кѹû̫Ӱ죬Ȥÿһʯ̨Ĳͬ
ʮ죬һֱһ˵ǷڣĽܷѩ֪Ϲʱ̨ľǿ߼ȻὫ̨ʮӦʮ죬ټɾɵʱҲȷʵǶɹ˾žʮ졣
ôԿ϶ʮ죬һ̺ĳִֻ֮ڻ֪ʲô
Ҳ̨ʮʯ̨ϣ·ĲͬӦʮĲͬ򣿡ͷ£Ҳֻ𣬻߷̨֪ˡ
̨Ȼ飬ϵ飬ķѪǹ黹δɳһ鱦Ѿһǰˡ
ӡ飬ʮ꣬ʵԹ⡣
ӦҲڿⳡǱ죬ע⡣
ʵǷ̨ûΪԼٶȶеκϲоԼδ֪򣬻̫̫ࡣ
ϵԻ̽ʮ̨ΪҪһΡ
ܳΪͬѰҵ·
ĸпһʱģÿһֶͨ죡
ʱڷ̨һףѾԽԽĵӣЩͨԤѡǣһȺＯ壬ӭŷ̨˿ֲѹȴûһ˳ܲסȫˡ
һȺұǡԶˣ
ϯϣ̾⿴Щ뾫ĶԾܸоڷΪϵ裬Լر
Եһ׵Ķ֣ҲûǸ߲УһսǶսʤ˶ֻ֣ٶȿ
Ƿ׷׿ʼڶ㡣
̨ڶ׵ѹǿһأв˸еʮѣ
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Ǹ޾ϵϵȺˡôô죡һЩߣᵽڶѹ֮󣬶ʱеҪסѹһɵĸ߶ȣǼɵ
ƫƫѾˡ
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ǶܵѹЩߣһ̬ʲʮڹڵע֮£ǵѶڳ˽ɵĳЩҫ˼ȴڼʮ֮䵽ûѹ
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ˣѹԽԽֲֽŶǹǦҸǸ޾һ̨
ôܣʮˣҾȻǸ
һߣΪ֧ŲסѹĿ룬ĶͷȫǺ飬ָѾĥƣ߳ѪȾ˷̨ʯڣǺܿ죬˿ѪͱԪγɵˮˢɾ
ҴС󣬶ڵһʦĵһţʦܶΪ֪ʦңż޸ң檶ĸԸҲΪҵԭֵܹƱۿⳡϣܴ漣ҾȻһ̭
ʮˣǿνһţһЦ
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ܶ಻ڤʥصĵӣҲ޾֣
޾
޾
һδͬشһߵģԱ޾磬Ŀܲˡ
һ̣ôϣԼҲǵһǶǿߣһȥҫҲԸ⡣

߷һУڳܲסѹӴֲڵʯϻȥѪָۣĲҽлص
ں߼ˤڷ̨һ׵ʱһεסֱӽ˳ȥ
ڷ̨ڲĳҰĿռУһ̬ʵĻߣ΢΢ҡͷղų־ºߵˣ
һٸıУ಻ţ֮·ľôпᡣ
ڹϯϣĳһһȺŮŮͿþģСһŮΪһʵĺУۿʪʪġ
ǾĽĴʦ֣ôʧˡ
ʮˣһʧܣ


1233 չ¶
ں֮ʧܵˣԽԽࡣ
ʵǺܶˣѾˣֻƴһɺݾӲļţ˭һʧߡ
˵˵ףʧܺÿܶࡣ
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صһɲǣһεסͳ̨
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ųɾŵߣܵϷ̨ڶס
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Χһתһ߳ǰģֳһԪ񺣺ڡ
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̫ǿˣܺɨųɾŵĴʥţ֪ļ
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λڵŵѾɱ壬ȻٶȲ죬ս˿ڵһŵǣҲһǱڵǿУһƥǣֻǳһʥءϹŷ壬Ǵʥأ
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Ҫ֪Լֻǰ벽ʥʥ磬ֻһţԼĹ̳֮λôϹŷȻԴȫԼͻʥ磬ΪϹŷĹ涨ʮֹҪʥڣ
ЦᣬѾ벽ʥ֮ڣʥֻҪͻʥ֮λλ÷˵ùȥлϷǸȵġֻǡϣҲǲģϣ϶ԾҲиƵİá
ҵҪΪԲȻҲԸ⿪ҡ
ʯϷҲᰲһλõģˣɣɷԸϹŷܲԸĻܲ㰲ųڷֹλ
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ûйԥֱ˵ĸӡ֧߶ڷ뿪
ҵϷҲԸȻ
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лϡӴϲ˵û֧֣֮Ҳܳɾʥڸûκˡ
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ˣ̫ˡ

Ѿʼ̨ףȲ·ûʲô
ʱ̨µ˫̥Ůǰ٣ǽĺ꣬ΪҲһɱڶ׵ľ壬θ̫ˣ
һٶȲ죬սˣһޣǻͬʥأǾ˵ɺϣҲʵǺҲδأ
˫̥Ůܣ࣬ʮֶ
ĳҲ˷룬棬ȻһߣҲǳ˵ɢޣѽɢޣֱţҲ²⣬ӦһԸ⹫ǿʦڽһ˲ߵһģ
̨涼ֵ˷̨һߣ˴˿
˶ŮĽܣ΢΢һЦ˱˴֮䣬Ҳϧ֮У˫̥Ů˵Ĳ䣬ȷǸƣҲ˵ԼߵһһѾɲ⣬棬мˣǳңҲеǳ˷ܣ


1234 ̨
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ܶѾ֪ûϣϵĲˣȴڳԼļޣѹϴ̨ҲһѵõĻԵ
Ϲŷ̨ҽ֣ҺųƵϴ̨ߣܷ񣬾Ϊʮף̨ܷϴܹͻޣھǱ
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ХԪγɵˮϵĴ̨кʮߣ̨ż׿Ĳ
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ڳһߣţеΪż˼
ǲǳϹŷ壬һ֧
ǶǳһЩײʥأԭҲŲμӸǰ׾ʧˣû˿֧֣ת֧ˣϾϹŷܲڳģմϵϵ
֮䣬ҲʱȣǿƵĴ磬ȥе
֮һЩ깵Ĵ磬ȥ˵Լţᱻӣᱻ˵š
ܳһѡڳ緢չô˶ڶУǷǳֲģһӰһ
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䣡
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1235 
ףСһ֮⾳׻˫⾳Ķܸߣ⾳ĳ̶ȣѾ˵⾳żˡ
°ͣ¶˼Ȥ顣
з⾳ǰ⾳֮һ޴ĺ蹵ܶǿߣһһأ
һЩһǿߣûһ
Ҳ˵ԷѾǿˣ
Ϸһһ̽ı£СӣѽܱϷ̽Ǻ£أ
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Ⲣǿ֮ʣʮ죬ĽܷѩҲ˽⣬㵱Ľܷѩȫʢ״̨̬δܸо

λڣ浽ҲûгȻսһʱ䣬ȡʤˣ
߲㣬ڰ˲㣬¾ͲôˣʵԽԽǿ뾫սһʧܣʧȥʸλѡҪע⣬ĪҪУ﷭
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Ϲŷò׳һпɱջǰһǧǰٵΪǾԩˡ
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̶ֳȵʽʵûκȤڹעСһϵ߽ˣ˵߽Ϸ㣬𼱣


1236 ʮ
һ·ǰ޾ȣ
޾ģǽѪѪڵڰ˲Ҳȡʤû޾ýһЩ߲ñսѪûʲôоҲȥ硣
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в⣬еĶȴţЧĳɻ湥
һаŮӵ壬ʱӲŵ鷢ˣŮͬ˻ϵ
ϵҲˣף߻𣬷·Ƶģ
òԾˣӵ㿪ʼ³ԵĶ֣Աȱǿö࣡
нˣѶȸعؿ˶ֽţרңˣ˭ʶûʲôңΪʲôң
µĳˣǿĲʥ丮ܡ桢ƣҲǽʥذˣӰ쵽һ䡣
׻𶼲УҾþԵɣ
Ҳȥ뵽ô£ֱӳѪǹ˰Ŷݼ׵ǰţŵ
һǹ̳ٶȴﵽ£˾Űֻһ죬Ůӱ㣡
ȻǷ˫ޡ
ڷ̨ڲУüһС
˫ޣ˵šţѡ˫޵ţþòˣ֮УûôУҲֻһЩΪǵСţŻѡ˫ޡ
СӣҲǼԷ˫ޣϾûԪǵԵûлԵеԼ֮£ǣǲɴƵħ䡣ʵĪ˵ǣǰŶݼأҲûͻơ
Լĺӣ֮·һϵܳɾ𣬿飬жܳɾ
һϵﲻ£ȥǺøԶοˡ
ߣһ÷˫ޡ
СӾȻѡ˫ޣǹأʦͿأֻ˵ƣʮĹ䣬Ԫϵֵز࿪ĸŰɣҲǲˣȥǻһ֣Ҽ
ţá
ʦ֣Щѽ
һ㣬Ӯöɣ߲㣬ˣԽѶԽ󡣡
еΣա
ϹŷԼ磬вΪģ̨εʵֽţܿ
ߣϹʲôʦֻ汾ûԳأȻʵʵںأ˵ˣθٸˣʦֻҪǰپˣܲμӾʤ
˵ĵ˵棬Ҳеˡ
Ȼ䣬ʵϣƷչȥڸֻΣҲûס
ڷ̨µ˫̥ŮҲ̸ˣֻעǿߣעȻȻתƵ˵һŵļϣǲθҫ۵
޾ͽѪ棬˹עĽ㡣
ʮߣϵ
ʮףʮһףʮףʮףʮĽס
һױһѣ
̭ˣԽԽࡣ
޾ѾڶʮףǰһףѾǸԾҪˣ


1237 ɱʼ
̨ǰʮһףֻе⾫ԾӶʮ׿ʼͲǶս⾫壬Ҫһͬ׵ߣ
ͳһ⣬ǾԽǰĵһţǵʵԽǿĶҲԽ
ҪڵһţҪ۵ġ
ʵģᱻܣ
һֻαܵĻᣬȻԸ˷ѡ
һЩʶ⣬Ŀʼٶˡһϵڶʮףֱ޾ǿɲʲô顣
ʵϣʮ׵ˣֻǺ
ھôʱ̭ԭʮˣֻʣʮ򣬶ʮУʵǵʮףǻ֮ǰͱ̭
ʵһǣʮ׶ˣǸԤѡߡ
̫£ҹ棬Ѿˣ
ʮĸʱԲߵһ޴Ŀ顣
Ĳߣǳܲסѹ޷սʤ⾫壬̭
࣬ڲϵ
ʮˣͬɵϣֲڷ̨Ϲ
һЩ˻ΪʮһŬʱ޾Ѿսʤ˵ڶʮһ׵ľ֣ʼʵǶʮף
ʮһ׵ľ壬޾ɻܵúɡ
û⣬һ·ɱ嶼
ڤʥصˣΪ޾ź᳡ƺֻС޾һˡ
ϹŷһߣеӶôˡ
Ϲŷֹۡ
Ϲŷ壬һĸӽ븴ʵǸѾ̭ˡ
ƽƣҲֹۡ
ܲܵʮףǸ⡣
ܴű֤϶ʮ׵ģҲ¶ǳ϶ʮףпᾺĿʼǸʱߵɱľʵˡ
Ӷʮһڶʮף޾ٶɲ
⣬һǶ
Ƕ֮޾Ͱڶʮ׵ƽ̨֮ϣ
ӭоµơ
һ̣Ϊ޾Ĵڣߣܵ˳صѹе㲻ˣȥ͵Ҫ޾
޾Ѿ϶ʮ㣬һˣסȫĲߣŶȥˣǽѪ
˴˵Ϊڱеλ̫ߣΪܹȫѾվϽ˵
ѪֻǱ޾һ㣬޾϶ʮһӺ󣬽ѪҲȥˡ
ɾվâ
йڣס˺
һʼ֮սô̫̼ˣ
ǵ˺һȴûжֻ֣ôվš
Ҳǡǲô綯ֲ֣ɵ޾սʤѪҲҪСĴۣӰĳɼ
ԣڶʮ㣬Ƕֵʱ򡣡
Ȼ޾ͽѪ˴Ϊη̨ǿ֣˽֣ôҲҪʮԺ
е˶ʮ㡣
һ½ͣĴºžϽͣǰ٣ͬҲڴĴһ
ܵϷ̨ڶʮ㣬Ҳ֤ʵ
Ͻ͵ĵûýѪ޾֡
ǻڵȡ
ģ˵ĵҲԽԽˣ˵ڶʮ㡣
罣Ѫ޾ЩǿΧɷΧû˸ҴΨǶֵʱҵԼ
һʱȥˣڶʮ㣬Ѿվǧˡ
û˶֣
ǿ߲Լͬͣڶʮָ
ڵȴ࣬
ʮ㣬ǿ߶ߵʳ
ʱҲ˵ڶʮ㡣
ʮ֮䣬ûʲôע⵽
ʵʮ㿪ʼͷ֣ȻʲôԼǶԷҲ̫Щ壬ĳһʮͻԼһС鷳նɱ
ܵ˵ǵѣ̽
̽Լĵߣ̽Լ
֣ѵʲôעԼ
ԼͷβֵйоأҪעҲùע޾ǡ
ٶȲ죬ҲǸŵŵ˶ʮ㡣
˻ࡣ
ʱʮڻܣǧˣɨһۣͷʮǿߣ˿ˡ
Ǹơ϶ʮģδ۾ܳΪʥ
ЩˣվλҲнģ˭˵ĸоǿΧ˾ϡ裬Ҷ±꼰㡣˭˵ĸоΧ˾Ͷ࣬Ҷȥӡ
վڶʮ֮˲ɫ˹İΧסˣһ߸ݣ͵ߣЦЦֻЦУе㲻ζ
жߵݣһǿоڶǿԷϷ̨ʮʱ䣬ԽģͱΪԽ
Ȼжδ׼ȷҲҲ¿׵öࡣ
ϾڳߣһǸʵ򲨶ǿңټкܶƣҪ׼ȷж϶Էʵѡ
磬ɸ磬ѵи񺣳ڵСӣøҰɡ֮ǰЦԪ˵
ٺ٣񺣳ڵģδ
СܵȻףͬ£Ϊ͵ˣܱΪߵ˺öԸһЩɣ硢ɸ磬ʵǿСʵѵиٶΪҲ͵ģӵĶ֣չչСܰɡ
Ϊõ֣˵ʶȻ֮ǰ˽ܹʱ߶̨˽˵Ҳ֪˵˵˭޾ѪЩˣҲʶ
ʦֱ˶ˡ
ϹŷĵӣһֱڹעĿǰϹŷΨһһ϶ʮˡ
¶ƽڶʮŬ
ߣΪʦֺ۸ôǲ֪ʵô
϶ʮĶ֣˭С
Щˣǰҵˡ΢΢һЦٶ񺣳ڣϷˡΪڲμӸ˵һˡҲãһҶ֣þж
Цݡ
߿Ц΢΢üСӣЦó
ţʱԶͻȻһı죬һҽд˶ˣ
һֵˣ޾
ÿռ䷨˲䴩Խɾ룬һԶǰ޾ǳиԣ˭Զɱ˭
Ǹˣʱŵûɢ
еҪȻʱ޾ĳȴѾնĻԪϡ

Ԫ飬Ѫɳȥ
޾֣ʵ磬˿ɲܸҲֹɱˡ
ɵߣûأ˲䱻һɫˡ
ɫѸ޸ߵƣͬʱʮһ׷ȥ
һΣҪһף
޾Ķ֣һźţһ˲䣬Ĳ߳ˣɱʼˣ


1238 ˵Բסĸ
ʼɱˣ
ս
˵Ȼ
һ̣ʮ׵ĺܶһˣ
ͬǶʮĲߣ˴֮ʵȴǳ
ʵǿģɱʵģֻҪϢʱ䣡
һʼЩǿ߶ѾѡĿ꣬ɱʼ֮ǾֱԼĿɱȥ
Ͼһǿ߶ߵɱ
ȻҲһЩжϴ˶ֵʵһжϴ󣬾ͻսߵ壬ɱ
׼ȷҲܷͨʮ׵Ҫ׼
ģԹñˡ
ȻһЩùģԼʵѾǿˣȴǿˣɱˣˣҲֻԹԼòá
ɱʼһ˲䣬ϯϵǣܵ˼㡣
ͬŵڷ̨ϱĸ˵Ǿƴź
ûͬŵ̨ϵģǵͬŵѾ̭˵ģҲһẰΪЩͬһ
֮ʮ˵ֳʮŵľ˭ܵյĸȾ÷
֮·Σաɱֿǿȵթÿˣڼѹ֮£Ҫй
һʦ֣ͣ
Ĵ޼壬֮⣬Ҳֻһʱ˶ʮףΪ˶ʮǧ֮һ
һٸ磬ǧɼѾǿˣ
ʦֱˣ
ʦСģ
Ϲŷߣȫעϣʱڷ̨ʮףһֳֳƵߣʮ׿ʲô˶еģܿһЩǿţ
һ˫˲ˣǧס֣ҲܸоĽţʵս㲻ãˡ
ıըҽС磬װ͵ĳΧŰߣȫܵͬʱĳָüģ
СӣԲסˣһǸֶߵɱעֻǵʯˣֻһģ㻹ˣٲ˵Ӱı
ߺٺһЦһеĳȫһ̣ſԲ֩롣
Ц˵ԲסӦңҲ˵ģֺġ
Сӣ۾һɣһ񺣳ڵСӣȻԼôţ
Ҹıˣһսһϼͷ
ߴһгӭͷ
ٶȺܿ죬һҳ̺˴طĺء
·һһɽֲ̮Ҹ˱޿ɱܣ
ܹ϶ʮ׵ˣǴǰʮ֮ҲΪǵʽȻƽˣ
ߣΪѾԶһֻȫԸڶʮ㣬ûߣֻһЩˣлĺܲҡ
ͫףߵÿһ˿Ӱ
ط⾳Ѿǰ⾳ںϣͬ׻⾳֮ǰľˣ
һۿ͸ߵʵˮƽԲߣ⾫壬ܲٱֽ˰ɡ
ŲæзѪǹɨֻ˻ϵͬǰ⾳ںϣ裡

ȼգһǹ̳š
ĳǹٶȼ죬߷ɫԪգֻǰһɫĻյǰ
ʲô
д󾪡
ʱʶǰһԼǿ࣡
ûиһ񺣳ڵ߶ôǿȻй֮޲
屩˳ȥͬʱһɫܳǰ
ػܣ
ϵ򣬹ʡ
߶ԼĴػܺģ
ù˻ϵĸ֣ˣֻܷطػսסǰ͹֮󣬳׼һʡ򵽶ʮ㣬ҾΣˣ
תΪϵߣطó
ȻɫյߵĴػ֮ŵĳˡ
ǻϵԪ޿ײ룬һ˿Ϣԣڿٵ߽ոߵĴػܣ
ٶȣֻҪʱ䣬Ĵػܾͻᱻմ
ôܣҲǻϵ⾳ѣȻմҵĻܣ
߸ϸ룬УʱͻȻһ̤ڸߵǰ
Ŷݼף뿪
ľ뱬һǹɫĻ֮ϡ
꣡
ͬش֮ͭϣֲľ챬ߵĴػܣ˵ƣ
ѡˣ
ԭΪԼĻ뻹ָ֧Ϣʱ䣬ʱУǻʱѾȫ顣
ķѪǹ˳ҵ˸ߵǰ
ŵŵûɢֽóһ취ƣȴѾˡ
ѪǹصĳڸߵĻԪ֮ϡ
ػܶ޷ֵĹԪʲôá
һ죬߲Һһۡ³һѪ嵹ɳȥ
֣ոմֽóһɫĻܣ⻤а˸ߣӲӣȻƷģȴѾʹˡ
Ĺ̫̫ͣóƵʱ˶ɳȥˣ
衭Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡ
죬³һѪĭʱһɫ
һƣһ潫˶ʮһס
ζţҪһʮףһ飬Ȼĸ
ʦӮˣ
ôӮúɣ
׵ľͻʤϹŷĵӶЩԭΪӮҲҪһ
̫ˣûЩ̬Ǹͣһӣôܱȵùʦ֡
ʦ
ϹŷĵǶдϲȻΪԼ˻ȱ˭ҲԼ־磬ôģҲ˵
ӣ
ԲԶ֮ǰһΧסļһŭĿӣȻͬ顣
һȻҲսôսģȻҲߡ
Ŀһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
Ϊ⣬ҪսţԷҲûӡ
Ҳûʲôݻתʮˡ
ʱڶʮףкܶڼսսһһ˲ܲ֡
ʵ಻ˣӮˣҲҪĴҪڶʮ׵һ
ʵֹ̨ʹûָԵĵҩǻָԵҩ̺ҩǸ߱Ԫ̫ǺϣĿŻУõĶˣԪͻ᲻սܵӰ졣
һĽսǷ׷Ծ£ʮȥԽϣ־Խǿ
ҲһԾͬһֻһ㣬һɾǼʮɸߡ
ʮףѹٴǿЩӮսˣǸеĸ֣ѹٶҲǺܿ졣


1239 ս֮Ů
ʼʮ׵ʱϹһȴˣ
һģһòС꣬ʵûʲôرģһǰȴúܲҡ
ֻ˵ĸʵ̫ˡ
һضʮһ㣬¶ĺ档
һˣ
ڻʯߣ˵
šˡʯ˵ͷתͷһϹ帺ӵЦ
ЦʱһҲЦ
ʯҲûֻ˼ûΪĻʤΣΪ⸴ļҳ̶ȣԶԶԤѡܱȵģԽԽңʯҲɲ
ܵʯĿ⣬ЦҲ˵ٺ٣ϻ𣬿޼ʣϹŷһˣһҲʮĲӣǰˣǵ¶Ҳ࣬ƽ塢ĵӸûһܳߵġ
ߣζŽǰһһ¶˵ȷʵ˵㡣
ʯ϶˵
ԸɣȻеᣬϣ޼岻Ҫͷ˲źá
޼Ȼƽ໥ʱȣ໥ʹӣеʱǻһ޼档
Բһ壬ܳһǿߣһϲ£ȻԼڵõġ
ʯû˵ʲǫ̂ϵƽصȫɫҲ΢΢ء
һһ
Ϊϵĸǣʵܴһ֣׻˱ˣһ֣㱻׻ܣ
ÿһսɡ
ʱԽԽߣ˷̨ʮס
֮ǰһȵ϶ʮߣڵȴġ
ܵһʱ϶ʮߣкܴơ
ڷ̨ϣǿԴϢָҩ֮еʣԼڸѵս״̬
ʮףܿۼǧˡ
һΣ޾ļɱ˭˶֣սͿԿʼ
ʱ
һĻ𱬵ĸŮӣè
һͷɫﳤȫƤǰ񣬶ƫڽԸеСɫŽƤ£ƤµƤʲ֪ԺޣƤȻĻƣȻѾЩУɢŵķ򲨶ҲԤʾ޵ĵȼܸߡ
Ƥº̣ܶ¶ƽ̹СԸеĶ꣬Ҳг˵˫塣
ŮŶСƤȹƤ³ͬһƲģг޳ԲĴȡ
һԲ䵶ȲһߣкɭɭĻںһ
Ů΢Цſе䵶
Ůˡüһ˵ĸоһͷҰԽýĸӣýֳΣԡ
ŮӣҪ֮ǰĸˡ
ϯϣϹŷ߶ע⵽һĻ
ŮӡҵĸоеϤڻʯߣ깬ü˵
ʯ˺һЦûŪģǳʥسʹսƵŮĸףϹŷ峤ŮӵŷѪС֪꣬ڵӽСˣ޸˳սơ
ʯ˵̾һҲС׷ߡ
ʵϹŷ壬С޸սƵȻԵҲίСսҲ˽ܣΪСĳòͷѪԪսҲ
ʯǶԴ˹ڻķʽȡ棬һŵı
ֲãĸףЩֻǷɫͷɫͬɫͷɫӦŴ׵ģͷ˵Ҳɫӡ벻һ죬ŷСŮΪ˶֣໥ɱ
ɫףԸӦҲףϣҲС硣
ĳսƣǹͭɫһͷɫԸ
ŮҲˡ
ǰɣ֪㣡췢ŮӿˣȻʶ
ǣЩ⣬ֲ޾ֱɱǰʮȫ˶֪ˣԼԤѡʱ򣬷쵽һˣӦûû˹עֵزǡ
Ҹǳսƣ˵˸׵Ϲŷеľǲǣ
һ£ȻǳսƵŮ̫ϷˣԼ˳սƣŮֳˣ
ôŮǹԼˣ
ϸϸĴһǰŮӣڶԷϣҵһ˿ϹŷϢʣԷйŷѪѪŨҪ¶ϡˣֲŷѪȱ㣬ֻҪܺѪͻ䵭ֱʧ
ĸϹŷСڻǵʱȻҲ˵δš
ĸףǸŮˣҺãҲ
췢Ů˵ţһֻ䵶ĵУͷڵһ£漫ҰԡԸС
üͷһ壬췢Ůӵ仰ܲԸ·ƲԼĸƵģҲͬԴǴΪУ
췢ŮսȻӮĿҪʮĽףһţȴŶԷδⲻˡ
췢ŮһЦͬԴˣڳʥأϹŷģֻһʥسͬԴһ˵
ս㣬Ϊ㣬ֻΪ˵ڻлʱĸµľӰȻ˵ǾӰ޷ʱʵ£Һֻܲƽߣô㣿ԣҪ㡣
췢Ů˵Ȼ֮дһİһȵĸоʵϣһЩʥص˵ȷʵͨʥأ֣ͨʥжǲݸˣǾ͸ǲݸеĲݸ
ԭˡеЦ
㻹Цó˼ûʶĴܿͻЦˣսʼǰҪҸһ䣬ҵ츳Ǹ׽ٸŮɫһʱĸףҪǿ󣬸ҵ֣Ǻˣҽг񡣡
һ˵ҲɡʥֶȻǳڵĵӴһ䣬񣬱Ǹϲϵһģǰʱ磬ʱ٣ʱ䣬ڽֻѡ
ȻˣҾĸףܽһΣѪǹԵǸԶʥŮӣǱһ˿֮ͬģڣŮȴһԳʥΪ٣ϹŷΪܵӣܲ
ܽң٣ˡ
Ŀ¶ɱڹϯϣһĸߴͷ췢ӣڿһս
ǳսơ
ͷۣԸԿġ͸Ǹ򵥣սҶ˵׼ʤʿܻɣȴô
ڣȵʱ򣬲֪ǿ˶ٱ
ĶҲǿˣĳսֻǰɣڵĳȴ񺣺ڣҲǳŵʱ˵񺣺ҪǴ򲻹񺣳ڣܴ裡


1240 ѹ
ȻֻͨʥسҲȫԸһʼҾͻףʥصĵ̣һǿʵ㣬֪֮Ĳ࣡
˵䣬ϣʼһЩɫƬͷʼ䳤ģøӸ
˫ȣֱ޳һһοԴܱ߶ϡ
ѪѪϯϣʯص˵
кܶ壬ӵԼѪС
ѪѪѪҺȻȹŷѪֵһᣬʤŨȴǵѪѪǿŴģŨȲǳ壬ͨϵɸѡѪԽԽŨңӡǹеĻ򣬲ɸı䣡
ϹŷķѪֻǺֲŴ̶ȺܵͣҾֲҲֲֻԣΪƷʵķѪ̫ˡ
ϣȼ棬壬ҲûģҲǳսӭȢϹŷСԭ
ȻһЩĻ㿿ףûäĿУҲӮڹϯϣս˵ȫʵʵȴ֪ܲӮͿʵǷ񳬳
ʱڷ̨ʮףʩչѪѪĳֻǵһЦ֪֮Ĳ࣬ǡ྿˭˭ȴĲһ
ǴԲѣһͨʥسĵӣȻ˿ҵҪճ
ˡ
䵶߾٣һ̣γһӰѪһңͬǧڣܵĻȼȫ
ԳŵĶʮףƺƴսΪۣ
Ҫ֪ʮӴѹ֣ʵһЩߣӲʵƺƴĹ
ǳ򣡡
֣ڳʩչĳҪҪǿУ˳ѪѪ
ȼʱȫڣʮߣע⵽ߵ
ǿڶԾ
ţó˳򣬻һŮӣˣǳʥľųǳ綥ĸ֣ĶǡףĶ
ڷ̨ǰƯ֮У˿ŵĺ֮ǰϣʶڳĴš
ԭѾôעˣڣٶǵע⣬ڳڣҲע⵽
ʱˡ䵶ն£
һ̣·ĻںΪһ俪ȫ
սѪǹǹһɨ
裡
ԻϵսϵһŭţɫĻֱ
Ȼ񵶹һ˲䣬ȴ·ܵ˼ٶȻ
֮෴䵶ȴļ¡
ҵĳ򣬲ҪκԪȻȻĻۻϵԪ»棬ûϵҶԾ
ЦһɲǼûǧٵÿһ⣬ͬһö꣬һʱ䣬ճ֮Ѥޱȣ
Ȼô˵ƫƫҪûϵ㣡
Цˣۻϵãᷢ飬ͬ˵ǾԵߣ
ӵг򣬶ӵ䣡
ˣĻϵ򣬻˵⾳ҲһŸ޷ӵľ硣
ڳɱһ˲䣬֮Уаŭչ֮糱ˮһ㱬а֮£
һ˲䣬ǹâ֮ϣ·һӰһӰֻ˲֣һ˲䣬ȴǹâϬ
ؼĻϵҲһܵӰŤԭ糱ˮһӿĻԪ׵ıϣɹ

ĺ꣬Ӱ̼仯У·յһ㣡
ڳ֮ڣԪȻˣ
ʲô
Ȼһû龰
ַͬ߶Ծ˭ƿظ÷ԪֱѹƱˡ
ԭԼߣ̳˳ѪѪͬʱִŷѪĸ̳һ֮Ѫл㾦Ч֮ڻϵ棬ܳң
ڣȴѹˡ
ȫ
һ̣ȫų⣬ȫƤһ֮ɫ
ѪѪ¡
ȫԸĳֻһǹӳ
ѣ
һΧռлϵԪȫһǹϯĻ򣬱˺һ޴ȱڣ
̤֮Уһ̣ͬһսһ㣬Ʋɵ߹ĵطһлԪ£еĻԪγһѻ롢ǵȵȣΧĤݣǻϵ򵽼߲βе󣬾£
ģһӰޱ߻֮ȷߣ˲

ڳ˶ˣû֪ʲô
ѵǡ
ڷ̨ڲ߹עһУע⡣
߶ܸȤ˵䣬֡ؼǣҲʶа֮
Ѿ֪˶꣬Ϲʱ֮ǰϹʱһֱ׷ݵγ֮
ڼ䣬˶˭Ҳ˵ЩУ൱һ׫д䡣
оųɵʧˣһ֣ǿһЩΪ֪̫ؾ֮С
еʱЩؾΣգϾʱ̫ãһЩҲˣʲôػҲԪľˡ
õǣܲʵֻǿ
ߣ¼ʶǷҲʶе䣬һ㣬˭
Ϊԣа֮ǹԵ䣬ֻǸطһޱ߻𺣰εضĲ޷жϣطǳΪʡѪ
˼꣬ʲô
ţСŮ޸Ʋʵãθмţ֣ܿһЩˡ
ʱڷ̨ʮףѾɱ˳ǰеĻϵԪϯ
㣡
ͫĳ򣬾Ȼ˺ˣˣԼ֮УԷȫƿػϵ򣬴ѹ
Ȼôǿ
ڹϯϣʯҲǼΪԾ츳˳ڵĳ񣬱ȫѹŴһʼȫû뵽ģϾԤѡеı֣ǸûֻܿĹѫֵ仯ˡ
ѫֵ٣ս£һ䣬ɴԹѫֵĸߵŶͿˡ
ܲˣü֮䣬ŷ֮ѪȻȼգĿĽâ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ûϵܳͲᶯУҲһʥŰˣʥأֻһ磬Ҳ˵δرȵϵڶơ


1241 ̫

һǹɨ
ͬûһٴα˺ѣһǹɨ˳֫

䵶𣬳סһǹȻԲ䵶ԭԹŹ֣仯˶ƵӲӲȽ磡
һӲӲԳ˿ֻоֱһ𣬻飬屻׷
һ̤ʩչ飬˲׷˳
ǹ

һδο͵ײֱ۷飬ѪȻĹͱˣûиκηĻᣡ
̶ȲĻϵ򣬵Ǳаѹƣ
г򣬵Ǳ˺ˣ
е仯ĪĵȴƵӲӲʩչ
һеһУѹƣ
ڳڣһսȫ˵Ǹ˵Ľܺһ綥ţôѹƵôң
ȻôǿĶ֣ǳĶﰡ˵һô
һҲˣҷʵ
̫ˣڷ̨ʮףܱ˿͵Ĺ·ôѹƵġ
ڶڷ׷˵ڣԱȳǿֹһ㣬ʵʵʲô̶ȣ˵塣
ôɳô죡սɫ΢еţڻУΪսʤɣ츳ǱǿҲûǿ̫࣬ŮҲڲ֮䣬ڣ̫Զˡ
ս룬ץˣҼסһ죬һὫճɷɻң
񷢳˻˵в˵Ĩӣ߳ŭˣ
ĸ߰ǴСɵģǳʥصĸ߲ԼѪͬʱѪѪ͹ŷ֮Ѫ츳ˣȻ߰
ʵôߣգϧûⱾ¡
һǹɨȻƿĵ⣬ɨ壡
֮УͲɱ֣͸ɴܿ˳Ҫһǹɨ˳Ρ
ӿƲɵ
ͨ죬صһնȻƾĻڶˣȴҲסǹâ

Ԫֻ谭һ·Ѫǹֱӱ顣
һǹֱӳ˳̵ͦƨϡ
ûǹйֻǹ˳ͬһӣҽһֻƨɻʹƤȹϣ
ڻһ˲䣬д󼱣ƤȹϬƤԿȼƷʥҲסֱӹ鼸ΣȻ𻵣ʱ³ǴйǼֱ
ϯϣ˶ˣƤȹԺһ飬óʥصĶţ֮ŮȻ˴ƨɡ
ҡҸƴˣ
񷢿ˡ
ֱܴ裬żʮ˵棬һӣƨɡ
ĸܽСӣŻӡһ껪ŮбԴģοĿ֮¡
뵽֮ǰ˵ģĸ׹ܽ㡣
һ̣ŭơ
ˣ飬ȻЦ̸պΪʥصˣ£Ҳᱻ˽ۣұǲϴˢĳ裡
ҪʬΣͬһֻŭĸèһȻԵʵ޷ֲ
һǹĵâβ
ۿҫ۵ǹâˣ

һָأ
ֱӱһǹˣ
ҽһ嵹ɳȥ
׷ϡ
ʵֻҪ˵һ䣬ܽսƫƫǿĲڣΪ䣬Ҳǳ裡
˲˳ǰгǹ£һ̣ŭĿУǴһ˿ˣٴȥƤȹˣûûȹϣǻûȹϬƤȹʵܵס⡣
ʱһʮˣ
һ˲䣬һɫӰӴӹϯϷֱɷ̨ȥһӴкķѪǹ·һ㣬Ӳȥˣ
ţ
üͷһ壬תһֻһĸߴͷ췢ӳھԼԶ뵱еĳսϢƣȻǳսˡ
ʱĳսƣɫȻҲϣԵԲĸҲԸԼŮܵ衣
ף
һᣬһʱеķŭίйףɱճɷɻңɱ
ˣսŭȵ㻹Ӷ˶Ĳ
ʵˣ裬ʲô˵͸㣬ҪĿһУ
սƻ䣬һӰƾճ˳սƵǰˣƱȳսƸǿʵҲѹսһͷ
߸գӳսƣκθ˵һκ˵ȣÿ򣬱Ҳ
ˣǺ״ӡФӣ
Ϊǿߣˣ³ˣӣοһսơ
ܱ֣ʵսƶԶФӡ
ǸФǰ뿪
ФӣսƺǫʥأҲһʥأں칬ǰʲô㲻ϡ
ףҡ
񼱵Ķˣ̨ϴȥˣ̫ˣ
սɫһʵʵұʵܳߣ߲ˣһᷣհ꣡飬͵ĽѵС
սתСӣ飬Ҽס
ս仰ֱӷߣʵһ仰Ҳǳӵĳ滰ˣܰôʵ»ڵһдʣҲܰô
ڹϯϣϹŷĵӿһĻĻķ˵ˡ
СӣҲ̫ˣʯһڿˮͻȻٺЦϲ
ӣúãʥأϷͿ˳ˣСƤ͸úݺݵĳƨɣ
ЩʯҲ˽˵˵ķӺˣ൱


1242 
һսΪֹ̨ϱҵսҲˮƽĶԾ˹ע
޾Ѫսʤ֮󣬶ûеһʱ̨ڶʮĽףͣսȫ̡
˼޾ǷһȣתʮĽס
ѪҲһʮĽףУֵֻעˣȴֵù˼ɡ
ߣȴôݣǵѹ̫ˡ
ֲļһ
սʤ
޾Ѫĺ˾ѾѹǴʱʱĺɱ⻹ҪҪ˻ˣˣһСģͻᷭ
ڳߣųɾŵģûκģ
һﲻĲôʥصĵӰɣ
Աߣһͷĺ½Ϳ˵
ǡüԸĳ衣
ȻҾ˵Ҫʥأ֪ǣ˵֣ĴɣǸҲˣǲ𣬿ڣķͷǹˣѵôţ
ͷ꿴ΪߣʵȻƣܴһġ
Ȼ֪Ͱϣνսܹۿ
ôˣѵ˭ķͷǹˣҶҪȥսвƷʵ
ͷһ£ɲĸƽص·񣬡ѲϲĶ֣
ͷе㿴ˣƶȻģȻսʤ˳񣬵ܶһģƵ˼п³Թ
ͲˣҪȥȥû˼
ƲٷϻתʮĽףֲɵ֪ᱻŰһ٣ôûȤΪղһսʵӿһ붼
ɣ߽Ѫˣ֪˭ǿ˭
ֱ̬˭˭ù㶼
ڸղ˵ͷͣưͲȥˤͷľһϳ˿֪ӸһôϣҲԼһҲùһѡ
˶ʮĽ׵ʯڣʵֻҪ̬Ȳȫûġ
̫ˣ֮ǰõȻһٻ˳ʥһĳ񣡶ɻܣ֮ǰǹⱣʵˣ
֮ϣ˵ǵȻ֪֮ǰ̽
ʦ֣Ȼսʤ˳ʥһߣҡɣ
ڶʮһף¶ϢһΪλõԭս
ʥأϹŷܲڳİǶϹŷ˵һԽĴɽȴսʤˡ
¶е˼ʱϹŷĵǷ׷׻
ʦ̫뺷ˣ
ˬ̫ˬˣ
ϹŷΣü
Ϲŷĵӣ൱ļܱʥѹţԼûѹʥصͷڣȴˡ
ĺɨʥأİܲˬ
ʱҲʼڶʮĽףɺȡٶȲ죬ȴԵúɡ
ڶʮĽףһŵһ룬ֻʣһǧˡ
ϢһʱģҲ˶ѡ
һʼһȡʤģ϶ʮĽףǺļߣӮ˶֣δ϶ʮĽס
һЩˣǰʮ׵ʱǿ߻һεģȻ̨κˣȴֲ˵ġ
˵һҲĴλᣬԺɼӰܴ
ڵڶʮĽʱΧɾ룬Ȼ
Ƕ±ϡ
ѪЩеĴ
ʵѾ϶Ǹиֵǰʮˡ
ʦΧû˸ҿ
ǰЩɵƻʦֵ鷳ڶʦ֣
ǰִܹˣܹҲʮ棬ʦֵΪͣ
ֶ̨Χ˵ĸоȷʵеּįζ
Ϲŷߣ׷ΪȲʵʱ򣬵ڶʮĽ׵սʼˣ
ڵһһǧţѾûϵˡ
һǧŰ໥ɱܹϵڶʮ׵ģһ룡
վΧ߶ʱЩţһЩ˿ʼˣʱˣٶȺܿ죬һ̤һСߵǰ
ߣֻؿڣһŮӣ٣ϻеëСëȻѪͳ⡣
ɱҧԼͷ
ǣôùɣ
ѾôԶˣǱɷǶˣ
ҲǲܵøԶؼطбҪһģǸ޾˭ȫ飬ʱ˭Զ˭ʱ򣬾ʹǸ
ʮǿˣֻܹԼòá
ţĪ֣
ɱһ˲䣬ǸСӳɤӴ󺰣͸ԼǿеӷļХ
ţһ
СߺٺһЦ˼ҶˣԼ
С˵꣬һ·СܵܵʮĽ׵±ϣ˵ֱȥ
ֱˡ
ⶼУ
ʵ䣬ȷʵȱҪõöˡ
̨һ־սսҪĴ
һһΣϵۻ
ܶˣۻγ֣ҲǿסѹӲĸĸٳҩԪӣʵӲһȻ̭ˡ
ڶʮĽףսʤ
ڶʮףٴ䣡
ģֹĶ֣޾ѪĶ֣Ҳˣ
ټʮģֻʣ²ˣ
ʮˣֻʣôˣ
ǣˣǲȫߡ
ڵĴֻѡͨ
ˣѡȡߵˣͬһģ¼ȡʱٵߣԺܶߣ֪ŵһпܲףҲӲͷƤȥΪʱ١
¶һˣȻǻûб̭ߣѾǲܵˡ
⣬ͨˣųɾŵıеֻ̫ģĵùſܺ߾ϣɱǰ١
ʮףѹٴ
ʮұϵԪˮѾܵˣѹȴͬٲһк
ԽߴѹԽǿ
ôܣҡȥˣ
ͨʮ׵İ;УһѾ˼ޣÿһļΪѡ
һ·ȫʤҲһֱڵһţҡȻȥˡ
ҧƴ֣ȻԽԽӴѹкϣڣһǧɸߵұϵȥ
ǵһΣеһţ֮ǰһֱȫʤĲߣΪܲסѹұϵˣ
ζţԺÿһ׵̭Ҫһ룡
һ̭һ룬̭ٶȣֲ̫ˣò˶ą̃ϣͻֻʣ¸λˡ
ʱ򣬽޾Ѫˣ
ǿǿײ㶼㲻


1243 ӿڳ
һţ˵ˣ
̫˰ɣЩˣǴǰˣǾӢеľӢȴҲܲסʮ׵ѹ
֮ǰսʱ̨ϻһǧŰˣƽÿǰʮֻʣ٣ƽһ磬ǰš
ǰ϶ʮףĸͲˡ
ŶʮأԽԽѣµ󼸽ףѶȻһΣ
֮ǰФǰ˵ԤףǵǶǵǶϣȴãԭΪǿ֮ʣڿûܵǶ
ڹϯϣ˵ФӵĻ
ã޾ôħʼ˵ǿ޾ȷʵ͡
޾ٺ١֪ʲô޾ʮ㶼ϲȥ
ȺУͻȻһ𣬿ڵһ׷ߣĻʱһЩ˵ŭĿӣͷ˭
һȺ֪СΪ̨ʲôǶФǰ˵ģǶϣãֻǿ˵ʵͲ˵Ƕ̨Ѿǵһһˡ
ôһ˵ڳῡܶʱȤǵһ䣿ʲôʱù
Ƕʱ֪ǰһ䣬ڷ̨ϵűΡ
̨ʮǰùһˣһٸϸϣϷ֪˵Ƕʮ㣬ʮ㣬ûȥʱĹǣ߶̨ɨȥʱ򣬱Ҳ˵̨ȥģ
ԭ
ʮ㶼Ѷ̫̬˰ɡ
˷׷׻ô˵ĻϷ̨һɵ
ʱڷ̨ϣФ֮УĿڤ
̨ϵһУڵۣƺӰ쵽
һţԭú࡭ֱʮףһ֮вΪܲס̨ѹ̭ȥҲˣʮװɡ
Ф̨һУĸ֪֮¡
ӵһλڵһŵĲߣΪܲס̨ѹȥ֮󣬶̶ӵʱ䣬ʮˣӷ̨ʮ׵
϶ʮ׵ߣһֻİʮˡ
һʱ½½ʮߣа˳ЩˣʵǿֻãţˣԲŴˡ
϶ʮ֮һﲻһû˵ĽԶԶġ
ʮԺ󣬾Ҳû϶ʮ׵ˡ
޼¶һҲ̭ȻһЩڶʮѾܳˡ
Ҳ˵ܽˣİپʮ˵вϣʤһ൱Ŀܽ
һˣҪһףҵضʮףҪٴһܻصʮףȻȴʮ߽ױ̭ߣ֮Ծǽһս
սʼߣɫأֱӹغδһս
ѡ㣬ҵĶ֡
ߵһߵǰˣƵѣ֮ǰʹսͷ͡
ӵս̷͵ıʱΪʡ
һһ£ʱֻ飬ȻѡҲǱϵѺöѡ
ã˵ƽʱҫģοôţԹԵһζӰɣҪӮԺ󵹹ߡ
ͷɫܻ֮ǰǲƵۣҪȻôôɡ
ӿڳǶ죡ͷͣںڵĳӶˣܻɣ³ԹˣͶʤĿܣΪʵĲơ
֣ң֮ǰǲǸ̷֣Ԫʵ֮ܺǰûв鱨ҪԭԤѡߣûйעĲߴһ£֪Ƶǲˡ
ˣͲˣֱ䣬
ƶ̷͵ѯ֮Աǣѹֻ˼ʵۣ֮ǰǻĶȥսôҸʵҲˣô㣬Ǵֱ䣿
ƵĻ̷ɫѿƸǰ˲˵ˡ
Ƹ֮䵽׷ʲôֱ䣬̷ͶвʣҲһڶУһĸ֣
ңҲаճߡ
㲻˵ˣΪҲս̷һת
ҧҧ˵㣬ҿɲ㣡Ϊţһڣѡ񣡡
̷ȻԼĳָţʱˮһĺ
ʦּͣ
ʤ
ʤ
ʦֽƽ£
̷ͣȻҲһʥأŵ࣬мǧˣƺƴһϹŷĶʥأֲôƱ
̷ٴУһ߳ȫɢγ˽֮
Х֮иֽ֮ȫߵĽƶɵģͲκԪȻȻγɽΪߣֻҪû뽣֮򣬾ͻᱻҽɱʵǿģҲܵӰ죬òķ
ǽʦһͳˣ
ʦˣⶨȻһǸȷʵҸʦ֣
Լ֪Լ£Щ츳һĺĵǣѷŵʵ˭ǿ˭Ҳ֪۵ʵֻ֪ʦַǳˡ
ЩǿĪʱֻһ죬һִޱȵǹâֱգֱӱ˺ˣ
ǵĻʱһ롣
򣬾Ȼôˣ
ϯ۵ŻûӦʱѾֳַѪǹ˽ǹâȫĽ˺ѿ
ǹɨ̷ʹһк·Ӵ䣬ƺƴ
̷ͣΪǰĸ֣ҲЩµġ
䣡
͵ײ̷һ˲佻߰˸غϣȻ漤ңʵռϷ磬ÿһǹâ̷ܻĵ⣡
һ
ڱǹѹƵ޵ʱ̷ͽƫ棬Ȼһ̳â۳һϸߣֱؿڡ
ָ߶ѹĽ⣬ƥٶȼ죬ʤʵ㣬Ŀоʹ˰ܱ
Ȼ̷͵ĽϬǹâͣŶݼа֮Ȼһǹ
ֻһ죬̷͵Ļһ飬һǹ̩ɽѹһֱ
¡
Ѫǹصڷ̨ϣ
Ҳ鱦ɽأһǹҵɽݡ
̷ͣ͵ĳɳȥ
廹ûȶȻһȻơ
ȻѾˣһǹâҼ˻ԪһѪ꣡
ô
̷͡
ݣ̷Ŀһۣм֣ҡ䣡
ã˷Ѫǹ


1244 ʮ
ƣҼסˣ̷ԹߵĿһƣӶʮȥ
ɫֲۣƵĳҪۺóʥأڵڶУһȽϸԣĴʥˣǾã̫ˡ
̷͵ȫƻˣһƬǧӣѻȸ
֮γԱȵģϹŷߣˮһĻ֮
һϹŷĻģǣҲڤʥԶ졣
ʦ̫ǿˣ
ֱս޲ʤ
ĻУʼʮ߽ף
ǵһʼʮ߽׵ߣǰ棬Ҳ޾Ѫȼ˶ѡ
ʮ߽׾붥ѾܽˣҲ֪Լܵһ
̨ȻҺųֻҪǶܷ񣬱ȻһЩ
Ȼķֻ̨ǷƷҲܿһ˿ˡ
ʮ߽ףѹٶ
̨Խ棬ÿһѹӷȾԽ
ǧɵʱߣҲʼ׷ʮ߽ףеһˡ
һŶҵĺŮӣǸɳƵŮˡ
ʦǽҲ츳ڣһ·ʤʮ߽׵ʱȴҲ֧Ųסͷ
Ҳֲ֧סˣʮ߽϶ˣͲˡ
ͷζţֻҪ϶ʮ߽׵ģܳߡ
ȥģҪʮ׵ߣʮ׳ߣȥʣ˽ٸ
ǽ˵ľս̱ȻΪҡ
ѹԽԽǿԽߴԽˣһһɣ̸ס
ڲϵļ٣
ԭڶʮӮ˶֣ʸʮ߽׵ˣнʮˣʱ򣬾ֻʣ¶һʮˣģֻʣ¶ˡ
һ̨ʮ߽ף̭ʤߵе֮һ
ģˣ
Ƴһ̨̫̬ˣʵþȻҲô
ƺò״˼ͻȻɫһ͵ĳ鶯һ¡
һɫ԰ףͫ׷ĺԼ꣬޾
͵һڿˮôùɣ
ôϣ޾ֻ·ȻȴԼϡ
ҡ˵ܡܸܲӣҡҺòġ
Ƶ˵
޾ɫ㣬ĵȥȥ
ҡһ˿ϣòģͱ֪Ҫһ飬ʲôɥ飿
ҡȥ
һ̣µ£ĶУһᵽԼʵǶô΢ѹƢûС
ʵֻˡ
ƣѡĶ֣ҲԶ䣬һţûиһս
޾һĻ΢΢ЦЩζǰɣ
Ųһ٣ת޾
˼ȤһһѪһ㣬ֵһ㣬һϽͣҲʮһףʮףڴ㽻֣ȥĻ
һЦ˵Ҳһսġ
һθ޾Ŀ֮һΪպڤӵĿʼ
˼ϣ㲻Ҫʧ޾תʮ˽ף
Ҳʮ˽ס
ſֲѹ˵ɴݡ
ʮֻ߽˵ˣʮ˽ע˲ƽһ磬һ߶ûУܶ磬Ҫˡ
ʼʮ˽ˣ
ѪҲʼˣǸϽ͡
֪˭ǿշ޾ǰ
ʵʵǸһˣõҲ㿿ǰܶʵȴûӳ޾ȷʵд˵δɳɽôһϣʶ
һ֮ĺΪ˵ĴڣһһԵһЩҲ࣡
ҲΪԭ򣬾һʥţҲѳɾʹҲֻڤʥص޾ʥصĲһĶţڡһϣ
ʮ˽ף
վģֻʣ°ʮˣ
һս֮󣬵˶ʮŽףȥһ룡
ֻʣʮˣ
һٸ磬ֻѡʮǺεȿŵ̭
ʱ򣬿֮ǰһֱڷ̨һ˼û档
ǵ˶ʮŽףһֻʣʮˣ̫ˣ̨ܳѾխˣߣȻ;ۼһ
Ȼվˡ˵һ䣬һȻɫһ㣬֮С
˴ˡЦЦ
̨㣬ҵĿ꣬վʮ㣬㣬վĻ
ӭŶʮɸߵĿ磬ƽ˵Ʈ޳ò㣬üһʮ߰ľ̸ֹȴʮĸо
ܵǶ΢΢⣬Ŀ꣬Ҳֻʮ㣿̨֪
˵Ǻĵ֮ԴӺ̨֮ں칬һٶˣ̨ǶǵһȻڴˣ񺣺ڣδ˵Ƕ
£
һԭˣֲФţһڶڳʮţǶϣã⻹ί˵ˡ
Ȼ֪칬ڲ飬ƺĳҲûôƽԴ˿֣ɢޣҪɳزҲҪһǿʦ֧֣ǲܵ飡
ԼǻԵ˵ãҲʦһʼħеƬħҲָ㣬ĽܷѩԪ𣬶İʦˣοǱˡ
˶ʮŽ׵ĸ߶ȣֻʣʮˣûٻˡ
߶ȣˣҲȳߣοһǼ԰֮ˣԼʮ㣬û˻ΪԼȱ˲ʲôҲȫһս
ЩˣҲ޷ܳôɣҪ൱һʵսһȡʤ
ѡĶ֣һµͣԷ磬Χγ˵
⸴ʲôģǲֵǮˣ˶У
ҲǸпЩ˻
Լһͼ򣬶ûʲôˡ
ǺµͣҲս߰սʮغϣͬʱа֮ȼչŷ֮ѪҶ˰Ŷݼ׵ڽ֮ܣ
գʵʮ׵ˣֻʣʮ
һδӶʮ׿ʮףѾϡ̨Ķˡ
ֻʮ˻ʵʸ񣬲֪ȥĻж٣
ڹϯϣʯţڳʮˣôǰ벽ϵΪĴİȻʵڿң


1245 ˫ͫ
磬칬֮С
ʮľͷۼͨʮ޴ˮעʮ
ʮԲȡ˲ͬıʽʮѾȳսǶѡ˽
սī֣Ĳĸˣǲɶõţһ䣬Ǵհ
ӴЦ˵⼸ˣڸõ˵һкܴĿԣܰǰʮ
ǺǣǱȲˡЦſڣĲǹʥصĵӡ
Ѿǳˣĳ˵ǵʵǱ˲һЩҲǲԴʹϣ츳Ѿ̫ѷɫˡԵ۵ѾǸ߶ȵʹõԴȷʵݳޣõĴǧ絤ôʥضеʹ˵ȴǱرƷ
Σһ飬Ӽɼ칬սĲǣϣ
˵ļˣдϲÿһζž޶ԴģǸԣҲ˷ԼĻۡ
Ҫ֪칬֮УܹõʥԶòĴŵĳɳкôǶϣţܹԼŵĵ칬ֻһʱҲá
ţˣڤʥص޾ôˣ
ͻȻڤ˵
޾ûꡭڤЦŻش𣬡ϣǳ˼ƥǵʵǱǳ
Ŷ
Ȥڤӱ츳ߣҪӵˣܹڤ˵ǡˣȻʮֳˡ
ӣڳĽǣǵĸǵıˣҲеβˡ
Ŷʮ׾Ȼܵʮˡ൱Ҳˣܹһʮףȥѡ
Ӹе⣬Ϊ칬ˣǳ̨Ѷȣԭƣʮ˾Ͳˡ
ڤӣ˵˭Ǻ
һǹĺ꣬һýĲ԰꣬ˡ
ڤ˵ʱڼսǵĶ֣Ƿǰٵż֮ģˣҲֻԤѡûзӳȫʵˡ
֮ǰʮŽʮ׵ĹУʮˣֻʣʮ˵ʮף̭ʴﵽ֮һ
սݱ
ʮףǿѹһһվѣ˵ˣΪϢѹƣǵʵͷӲһɡ
µʮţֵȴγҫ۵Ĺ磬ֱ山
ǧ磬飬Żǲ٣޾ֶһֻ㣬ҿ޾ֶпܵʮףˣӦûĸܵʮһףʮһףѾǳˡ
̾ڤֻ΢΢һЦûлػ
ʱڷ̨ϣҵսھʤߵˣ޾ѪͬԤѡʮ۵Ͻ͡
ˣ֮еĵʤߡ
ǣؼ˲ʵǵʮףϻף
֮ǰıһ̭һ룬±˵ûʮףʮ׶ʮѡ
Ф˵ûʮףͲϵġ
Ӧϲȥˣ޾ҲС
̨Ԫţ̶ȣʮ˶ôˣĵȴԾ٣ȵЩ˵ʮһ׵ʱ˭˭սһޱȵĶԾ
ʱһֱƯڷ̨֮ϵФ˫ۣĮȫ
ʮһ׵Ϊô֮ǰɼеһˣҲ޾սֱʮף˻սʤʵʮס
Ļ޾ս
ռˣǰļףսҲʡ˶ڣʮһףսһΣô̫ˣ
ˣǶ֣ܿȫʮһףʱսһΣ޾ĸߣ
Ϲŷ塢ѪڵʥأϽŵĵǣʮֲƽ
ڤʥأȴڻ
̫ˣʦսҲʦӦõģʦֵĳɼá
£ʦʮסʮף
ʵʦ־㲻սҲܺ׻ʤģ
ڷ̨ϣ޾ϲɫ˫ȭȴ΢΢սܺãҺ
޾ԸԸ߲ʵķ̨ҲûеܽԼһЩĻô
սһΣһȡø۵ĳɼħʼĹע
޾ģ
ʼɣФӵ˵һ䣬±˫ۣ
һٴĶ֣һ˷̨ұڡ
һӴұڵһ˲䣬ʱе˲Сѹ
ǿѹҡԪѹġ
оԼϷ̨ʮһ׵һ˲䣬һɿ͵뵽Լľ֮С
ѹҶԲʲôǶ˵ӦһСĿ顣
ν羫֮Զͬǿ̶ֳȵѹɳܡ
Ŵֲɵķ̨ʯڣȲ
Խӽ㣬о̨ʯ̺ʮ⾳Խǿҡ
ˣȴôݡ
ڷ̨ϣֻ׷Ϯ
սɱ¾ħ
ֻоԼ·޳ϣĶߣȫԹޣ
쳹ģһԼ֮д󣬷·ҪʬΡ
̨Ȼ鴫Ȥ
۾ٶʱͫȫˣͫһϸ룬ϸΧȴ鲼ŹĻơ
һ˫۾Ī⣬˲֮ӣ·һۣ궼Ҫȥһ㡣
˫֮ͫеĻȫһɨ⣬Ӱ첻
ʼȲȻΪ̨û˲۾
޾Ѫͳˡ
ʮһףôֲ
Ѫü
ɱ¾⣬
һ̣Ѫü˳ɫһâȫɱ£ɱԿ׳ʵĻ
ŲϵѪͷļѣȻûôɡ
޾Ѫ࣬ҲƾԼʵӲѹʮһףҲһĿ飡
˵УϽȴɫ԰ףָһһѵţȻȴ֮ͬеˣٶԽԽ
Щǻ󣡶ǻӰ첻ңӰ첻ң
ϽźҪ׿ЩԺзҵľȻʱ״̬Ͳѣ˲٣Է̨˫ѹЩ֧Ųסˡ
ǿ󣬾֪ǻȴҲҪӰ졣
ҡˣ
ʵϵĸ棬ϽֻоԼѸţϽֵĳУԼԼĿˣˣѾһˡ
ͬһ£˴ķˣҪǸ߲ɽ£˾顣


1246 VS޾
Ͻôˣ
Ͳֱǰ
ϯϵˣע⵽Ͻ͵쳣ѾԶԶ˦ˡ
ʦ֣ôˣ
ʦ֣ס
Ͻʥص˶ڽĴ󺰣ȻǵĺϽȴȫˡ
ĺˮѾס۾ʶȫģ
ѪҵץѪҺѪûоͷûб߼ʡϽ͸оԼÿһץ˵ɽϣƣ˫Ƶʹ
ĵ£ȫأ·һ̾ҪȥƵġ
ƾһӲץԼץһжȻȴҲûŲһˡ
Ͻͳ׵ʧȥʶֹͣתһ˲䣬ܲסʮһ׾޴ѹֱָӶѡԪϵߣͺܴûıܲס
Ѫ߰ߵ䣬Ͻʹʯˤ
һסϽͣʧܣ
ϽҲˣǵ϶ʮ׵ˣȻûʮһף
죬öѶȣʮסʮ׻ȥô
ԭܶΪϽȻ޾Ҳʵڲ֪ô
ĸѾˣ
޾ȣѪһ㣬ܴĸ˵ʵ𣿡
δأʵģʵս̨ǿһ˵ΪۺǱƽ̨
ĸ˶ȥˣĸҪˣ
ڴһ
һ޾оţôô죬ҼȫԸˣҲֻǿǱһٶȣ
Īѹ
һ֮ǰФ˵ģ̨ΪԪ̶ȣҲ־Ǳȵۺأ޾;Щ̶
ʵԪ̶ȶ֮ϣѵǱԷһкͣ˵ٶǿƽ
ҵǱ
޾޷ܡ
У˱ǿܽܣϾ˼ҵ츳СԴǴʥسܱȵġ
СƽɱĺҲڲ֮䣬ȴܲˣ
Ҫ֪޾ʮĳɳԴЩԴֵĵλѾʯˣǾ
ǰ벽ϵĸ֣ðڵľϳɵʯһ񣬲һҲʯ
ڣ޾ôԴϰ䣬ȴƽҲû̫ƣ޾ôܽܵˣЩԴõϵĸо
ǲܱȵùңҾͲˣǶжԿѹط쳣ǿԲܴﵽٶȡ
޾²ţʵĲ²⣬Ƕһ롣
ѹмǿһ꣬һ⡣
ʱ֮һ˷̨ʮһס
ʮϢʱ䣬޾һˡ
ʱͫѾָɫ԰ףʮ㣬ʵһʵ˿ֲǿߡ
ˣĵĶ󡭡ǿ϶жԿѹط޾Ϳӣ϶ԼĲ²⣬ȻˣҾþԵʵǣ
ֹһӣĽѪѵʮһס
ĸˣˣʣĸ֮⣬֮󲻻
ս֮䱬
̫ˣĸ˶Ƕ֣˭˭򣿡
ҸоѪ࣬޾ǿ
ڶʮһ׵ı֣ѪһЩڲ֮䡣˿񺣺ڵ޾ԪΪӦʤǱϣܻ޾ǿ
ֱǸ̬񺣳ڶ壬治֪ôġ
˵ֻǳʥؼЩʥسԿ

ʱھ̨֮⣬һڸ߿е齢
齢֮Уһ۵ΰӣڿĺʯϣ͸ϴ̨ңԶľ룬ȴɽ̨ϵľ󿴵üΪ
ĸˣ籨ʵǶˣʥصģһ·ɢޣʦأһǶʥصĵӣǣȴվʮһףǾĵӣȴڶʮ߽ױȫ̭Ǯׯ۶еķֳ棬ǵĲܣвȱУǾ͸һݴ
ӼΪŭĴʵʥֻǵڶûʮ׺ʮһվŵĸУͨ籨ģȴûϵ˾޹ˡ
ǰ߶ϻ̳ϿֵĹڵϣû˸ҿ
ӳ̾һһٶˣԴٹһ꣬ʥ޷ڶҲжֻˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥˣһ˳ʥأվ޷һֱ֧ȥ
ʱڷ̨ϣĸ˲ûеһʱ俪սϢһݵϢԽѪ˵
ʮһѹأƽأѪҲоԼʵѹĳɡ
һȻñҿ죬ǹķ̨û취ҵĽУһΣֻƴսĽ˵ҾͲţ񺣳ںڵСӣ
ʵڴʥأĵȥμһĻҪ֤ڲμӵһʱ񺣺ںףֻҪʱ΢һʱͿˡ
Գơ޾ˣ񺣺ڡ
񺣺ڣԺܴҲֻЩûͳһ֯СŻһȺ񺣳ڡڵĵȥڻң˵õɼҲǲܵ顣
ѡǵĶ֣ФɫĮ˵ƺɽ̨ܷϵĵӱξˣûʲôӦ·һжȻģֻ˵ʮһĸ߶ȣФӿʲô
Фһ仰ʮڹڶϢˡ
ڷ̨ʮһף޾Ѫ˶ӣǵĿ֮У̺ɭȻս⣬·ȼ
긨ط治ﵹռ˱ˡ޾һڡ
Ŷ˵ʲôüһ
𲻳ϣҵ۾ʵԾƾ汾ս޾Ϊţ·ԼΪ˵ס
ĬЦˣȻҾȴ֮ˣôҾˣ
ǹָ޾
һȻ󲨣
ĸ˵УôǽѪһ㣬ĻѪʣȴ˿ǿ޾
̫ˣ
ţƣ
ɭǹ⣬޾Ŀ֮һ˿ɱ֣


1247 Ӣ
ǹֱָ޾ڤʥأۺˣǵʦ֣ΪǸͷβ֮ĵһˣݵƣ
֪ߵغСӣ
˰ɣȻսʦ֣ôģ
£ô룬ʦֳǣٺ٣ѡ˶󡣡
ʦִƨ
û˭Լ磬ƣο޾һֱı֣ǿģڤʥصˣΪ޾֧ߣȻſ֮Աǡ
Ϲŷ壬Ҳеûס
ʦҲ̫ˣһս޾ǻиѪ𡭡
㵣ʲôʦֿ϶汾ûóңʦţսΪҪսսǿġ
ԣӮҪҪǲԼս⣡սѪʲô£Ҫսսǿģ
ǰǰʦǹָ޾Ķ˧ˣ
ϹŷŮӣ̨ϵֳǹǹֱָ޾ˬӢˣЩˡ
ʱһɫװֱͦһ˱ǹԣ裬ƵĶ޾һǷü罣Ŀ磡
һˣʮڹڵĿ֮£Խսһٸĵһšδɾʹȷʵŵļ£
һԼļ£ʱ˿̵ļ£ȴġ
绪ïӢ꣡
ǰ;ʷƥ׿ȺȻŮġ
˼ڤӣ㿴õƥҪսڤʥصĵһѽ
ں칬°ȻһܱעǺܲ׵ġ
ڤЦЦûб̬
ҲȻ޾ֶĶ֣޾ֶϣһذǰʮ
һ䣬񵥣һҲܰ񣬰칬ĵӣԼǧڶܰ񵥡
еġ족ǰָ˼
֮ӦľǵذǾǳȥˣȥ칬֮⣬ǧܿܿųİ񵥡
ϾһŸ칬һϸߵͣͲƽ
ذǰʮѾǳǿˡ
֮ǰµĹڵһʹͣǰһ䣬ǰʮԽ칬ܺӵָ㣬Եذġ
Ҳ֮е飬Сħǵ˼ԭǳħʼ칬ħʼ칬˿Ⱥ칬ôῴϺ칬Դ칬еģħʼ칬ҲС
һ˵һ͵޾ֶֺõĻ칬ǱȻ顣
˵ħʼ칬ˣ޾ƣ
Ľ׷״ЦһĿ޾Ϊ˽ڤӣϾڤӵǰ;ڶõģδĳɾں֮ϣ
ڤӸħʼ칬ϵܺãҵõħʼʶԭǣǰڤӾħʼ칬ħʼ칬˺ܳʱ䡣
ͬڵűѡ칬һһϵǷͬѰģ

ʱڷ̨ϣĽܷѩ𣺡ڤӳܷʥأܷʥޱϵʱշڤӣַĳɾͶƵǷ켫޾ĴˣҲӦóЩ档
֪֮ǰ޾뾫ս޾һƴ̺⾳Ľܷʥصڤӵϰɣ޾Ҳ᣿
䣬Ľܷѩ˫һ˿޵Ĺâǵģܷʥص䣬ʥصħҪ࣬䣬ǸطսеúСԺԡ
ŶһʵоطʵŸΪغպĳɾͣʵֵԵֻͣʵ
а֮һطû׻⾳ϵ費ﵽ̶ֳȣٶδػɹ
֪ˣܷʥص䣬гһգһȡ
˵ţʱ޾ϵƳױ
ڷ̨ϣһµ޾·صΨһңԶĹϯҲܵ޾ƵӰ죬ָо·õָüģ
޾ĵƣŨصɱͬҹϯȫ
ÿµƣƷӵ̶ֳȣƾƾɱˣ
ȷʵ£ؼǣڵƷ̨ʮһױĵƣ˵̨ƽϵѹԶȴֱֵѹСҲѹԪѹӰ»ܴﵽ̶ֳȣǺη
һֻΪԼ˲ţƵĻʯҲ֮ɫĿ̾𾪣ò޾ǿ
ڤʥأڶѾޱȡ
ʦ޵У
ʦֱʤ
߷緶
ʱ޾ˣĳ߳˷֣һ߳һƷ˫ֵƷȻѪǹڷѪǹûɳʵҪڷѪǹ֮ϣ
һն
һ˲䣬޾ߵĿռ·Ťˣ޾ˣŤռ֮У˵һ
ռ䣬γԵΧڵΧиһУ
һͫ΢ͨռ䷨ĴԣĶʦǿռ䣬ռѵʱ򣬿˺һУ
޾ȻܽȹޱȵĿռ˺ȴڵΧγɿռ߳и
ֻһô
һô
˶ɴ۾ῡܣ֮ǽԼ޾λãȴʧķ֣ǿһжӲ⻹ֻ޾ĵһ̽ʽûأ
ǿΣˣ
һһ࣬ѪǹȻӳǹɫǹâͬһӿײ޾ĵâ֮ϡ
ͣ
âǹâҵĽ棬̶ޱȵıâΧĿռڲϵıڣɫǹâҲڲϵѣѵٶȸ졣
޾Ƿһ˿΢ЦռųĹиһУ
Ϊǹâܿ챻ԼĵâɵʱһĻˣЩѵǹâƿ֮󣬾Ȼۣٴ
Ϣ
޾üһǹâȻһ˿Ϣԡ
Ϣһ⾳ݻ£ǲ⾳
̫Ų֮ԪϢԣԡ

ռڵµʱǹââͬʱ飬ɺɫɫɫɢ
һжƴƾУ
ôˣ
һΪԸС

һν֣̽ҲԿܶණˣ߶ֵһȴ̺̾Ϊֹ
ֵһˣҲֻѣ
޾Ц˲仯ɳ磬ֱ


1248 ǿǿײ
ɾ룬˲Ϣ޾һ˲䣬ͳǰ
ⲻǿռŲƣ޾Կռ䷨⣬ﲻ˲Ƶĳ̶ȣ̾뱬ٶȣȴĸ˲ûʲôˡ
޾ٶȷӵ˼£Ѿˣɫʿͬһĵâ
ͺñʮߣͬʱӵǵĵ⣬ۼǰÿһἤռ
ĵϢ
ЩȻ֮ǰ޾ĵһҲ̺ĳɵ̺˿ռ䷨ܼռȻ죬ÿһǵޱȣ⵲ģô൶һ֪֮ǰĵһǿʮ
ϯϣǶԼŵߣĹУ·ԼǱеҶһ㣬޵ֿ֮
ٶȼѷڽǹȴ˺ܶ࣬ҪôԸ
ҲĿ΢޾Ҳ⡣
ͬ޾ۻҵĵУĹʮֳȣ
ͬɽͬأ
ǿǿɽԣ
ǹУԶ޾Ŀ죬ǹ֮˸ҫɫâȴҲһƬ
ÿһǹɽӴƣͬϺ಻һǹ޾â
İŶݼѾţа֮Ҳת¡
һǹһǹһǹһǹǿ

ǹײ֮ѾһƬͬףХص
ڷ̨֮ϣΪģγɼХˣƥڷ̨ϣһеɽ⡣
ɽˮ
޾ĿȻһĵâͣˮȫˣ
ܷʥصˮ֮ˮ֮ͱ֮һ壬ܷʥأǽ֮еˮ֮ӵµʥء
޾óˮϵռ䷨ںϣÿһâĿռ·ˮһ㣡
ˮ޹ǣʯһݡ
ˮȴںܶطԶʯ
ʯټӲøӲײǣԽ֮飬ˮȴǽϣն
ˮ⾳೤˸գˮεոһգһĻʯ
޾óˮʱâϸӵĿռ⾳ȻһΣ
ˮռĽϣһ̣ˮƼռӣγ˹ñȫַͬγһƵʣڳĺܶǿ߿ˣ磡
⻹˵ĶԾô
ˣˣ󽭺ǰˣںϣҶ
޼̵Ĵϣп˵ʵȻԶʤ޾ǿԶ޾ǿΪ۷ʵҲ޾ȴ˾ķںϣоԼ׻ˡ
ĲҪͣЩһЩһӶˣȴһͨ
ˣȲˡ޼̳ߣҲǳһ̫ˡ
ˮǹкĻײһһʼǹâϢһǹâƿ޾â
ڣ޾ĵâҲһ˿ϢԣϢǿˮϵ೤ɵģȻĸҲ֮ͬ
ϢҲԣ
һɲǣ޾ĵâˣǹƱȫѹơ
ʦ֣Сģ
ִ磡
ϹŷߣеӶסͷǺ飬ֳѾȫ޾ĵ֮ˡ
ôܼĵ⣬˲佫гɷĩֵʲô
ǧģҲȫǺˮʵʵĶԾοռ䣡
Ȼ涨ɱˣǶֹУиʲôҲǼпܵ飡ФӣȻʵǿʮԶأФƺԸĮͷβûֹ᲻˭˵׼
ǿˮ֮򣬼˵⾳żڵ֮£ɫ㣬޾λзʮλȻв֮ʱշ򣬶ѵķ֮һڼʱշͬʱܽˮ֮⾳̶ֳȣⲻһġ
Լ˵ǽνһ˿ԴΣķ򣬻Զѷ޾
ʽˣѾˣֺ޾һʹԼɱУֲֺǿʣһԽ󺣷ֳ룡͵һư磬֪
ֲƣϯȫ˶סĿⶼϵȴſܷһ
һ̣ȫƱ£֮ǰǹУȫһôǹǺһһǹǿһǹΪһǹ
Ե䡪ˣ
԰˶ԷֺʽȻˮ֮⾳ϲǹƵȴֺ֮ͬ
˶Էֺ
䣡
ǹâ뵶âͬʱըһ̣ͷ·ߵĺХײһ𶯣˱
Ƿ·𿴵ڷ̨֮г˾޴ĺ󣬺˹ֱ죡
޾⺣֮Уۣͬ
ˣ
ʦִúã
ƾһǹʦѾܹȵ֣ϰٸ̣
Ϲŷĵӣ쳣ϵĸ˵ϯ򣬻һЩϾÿ綼ԼĶӦĴϵһٸ磬һǱܲ֡ʣѾһٸŵǿ֮һ
ǿ֮һţŵǣֻ񺣳ΪֻʮͷɴＸ꣬ǧľ˵ʮͷͣ𲽶㲻ϡ
ƾһ㣬츳Ҫɨһٴ磡ôһЩܣֱӵõĹע
õĹעذǰʮѡ칬ǲһģΪһ˾˺칬Ҳ𣬶ֻܵõӺӵָ㡣ʲôǽв֪پţһĵذǰʮ˵ʲôҲǡ
ˣϹŷĵӣܲ
޾ȻҲʶһ㣬ĳ˵ķͷѾѹˣѹ֣սңȻ԰ʱ츳ѾλһٸеĶˮƽ츳ǿһЩǿ˵ˮ׼ˣǣ츳ֻ츳ĶԾҪʵʵϣȴң
޾˫Ŀоâ˸ȻԸϣ츳ȷʵѾ߳С磬нʮ䣬ȴûڶʱֱĳ裡
츳ѾܸսǾԾԲģ
ƴϽУ޾ҲҪսʤ⽫ΪһĨȥ۵㣬ħʼע뷨ҲΪһЦˣ
Ŷ΢΢һЦһ֪츳㲻ңʵ಻ң


1249 ޾ܱ
츳㣬ʵ಻㣿޾ĻЦˣЦú⣡
һû˵츳ľһٸĵһֻ˵츳Ƕˮ׼ҸоõΪԼ츳޵ô츳޵УʵҲ޵УҪ֪Ǹˣ㻹ˣ
޾ĻԪעȫ
ڤʥصĵ֮󣬶ˣڤʥصҳһš
Сӣ̫ˣ
ʦ֣趼ʶ
Сӣӷ̨϶ȥˤ⽴
Ҫ֪ڤʥصλǷּ޾أڳУڤʥصߣһˣа˾ǧ
һֳڶǷģ˵ϰԱߣڷ˹ȣһܷһԷ˸ٸ˶ϡ档
ڣڤʥصİ˾ǧӷħʼĵҲǽǸԭҲеӲμ˸ڶѾ̭ˣҲֻ޾ͬһ磬ϵȻҪ֧޾
Ф΢΢˫ۣ΢΢üӰһٹϯϷһѹʱǵصЩĹڣѹƣʱס˳棬ʮ˵Ļ᳡ÿһ˶ʵǿ֮һʲôң˵ФӣǴѹƲסҪ𵽳С
Ϲŷߣۿڤʥص˷ϹŷĵӣҲʼźϹŷ壬ֻм˶ѣÿһӣź
ʤ
ʦ޵У
жûģʱ򣬶ƣ
ʵϣоһеһֳһ˶ǺܵȾģʱҲȥܲӮάŵ׳Լ˵Ҫģ
޾ԸԼ츳ʵѾŵˣҲ˵һ㣬ڵʵȷʵ»ӮˣֻҪʱ䣬һ꣬ǾҪ޾Ͼ˵УСǰ;ȻҲģ
νԹ壬һЩ޾ûаϵĳǣƽ͵š
٣޾ⳡԲ䣬츳Ѿˣʵ䣬ˣ
޾ӮսӦõģӮˣǾɨأ
̨ϣ޾ʼʱһĻˣ޾ÿһӰӣӰ޾һģһֳֳͬͬƱˣⲻٶȹµӰӣʵ޾ٶһҲ죬ƽ·ٶȣӰ޾һĸˡ

ԣǿռ䷨򣡡
޾ʱշ涼мߵ裬ռ䷨һ̶ȣͿγɲͬռľͶӰ
ɲͬڻӵйݿռ䷨̶ȲͬĴСڱһɵʮ֮両
ܴﵽʮɣǾﵽ£ܼ̳бķ似ս飬Ǿǲľˡ
ңҪһ㣬񲢲¹鲢ѣľµֻһԪˣ
Ȼǿռ侵񣬿ռ䷨ǰ⾳ںϵĳ̶ȣǿ⾳żռ侵񣡡
޾Ҳǣʱշ򣬿ǺųѲķ֮ᣬͲ̶ֳȣһԿ
̨ϣһģ
ĸ޾ͬʱˣ
İѳͬʱն֮УƻۣƮѩ
ѩƮǧ
Կռ䷨ռ侵ͬʱʩչϵɱУ޾ڷںϷ棬츳̾Ϊֹ
һѩƮǧÿһƬѩ̺ŷ⾳һֱӱɱǿߣǧѩǧɱ˷Χǧ飡
޾˵Ѿѹ׵ɱУһܾʹãڱƣȴòó
һǹбָ棬󣬵Ȼš
޾ȫԸʱֱӿ˺ɿռ䣡çӵ޾ѩɿռ֮Уֱڣ
óɿռ䣬ڲμʱ򣬾ѾĽܷѩ෽Э̲žġ
ڶ֣ʵɲˣɿռҪóӮϾ񺣳ڡ
ڵһȻճĻԵ칬˵ȥѧϰޱȿηˡ
ɿռ䣬Ľܷѩαװ½ƣۼԪʩչɿռ䣬Ԫʲôĵλ൱εأõһھҲǼģ
ͨ಻ܼ˵뿴ȫˣֻͬΪŻ־
Ҳ˵ԪͬΪӣδһϳαװĺɿռ䡣
˵ɿռ䱻ϳǲɱ飬ţȻ֪ʮǰԪͰ׷ڵǿߵĴս
һսĸ֣ǣޣԪ׷𣬶ڴսˣ
ô飬ͬΪǿ֪ܲ
ҲòµˣԪ𣬽Ĵܴ½
ǶԴӶеԵɣȻô򵥵ġ
Ҳ˵ϳɿռˣ͸֪ԪĴڣϲɿռˣʲô֪ǿɿռ䣬Ҳûʲô
һ˵˶ԻԪһ죬ȴҲܴߣΪûץѻҲûá
ΣյȻУҪһģڵһд֮󣬸ûܶ
칬еԴΣη򣬶˵̫ҪܷŹᣡ
ںɿռóһɲǣں칬һɴܣע⵽ܹܽѩƮǧ
ţǣ
ܣǿѲ䣡ǿߣӱ˴˵п𾪡
Ӧ伶𣡶൱ߣ˰ɡȻŷǵǲġ
֮Уûôܳɳֵزվڷ̨ʮһ׵ģǸҲȻо
䣬Щ˽ȻЩȣʵ뵽ˡ
ܹվ߶ȣ˭û䣿ЩʥأûģҲвȱģˣһ䣡
ڴ룬ȴһˡӣ¶ɫƺ
ԺУһЩ룬ʱˮʯзҫ۵⣬Ѿ޾ײһ
һ̣ȫȼɫܻ棬ŷĿ֮УҲлȼա
а֮£֮ѪҲȫȼѪǹϣųϺɫ⣡
ɫΪ𣡺ɫΪʵ
⽻㣬ʵϣһǹϵļӦã
˵޾ͬʱվ˿ռ䷨ˮϵ⾳żϣɾ̾Ϊֹ
ôѾ˻ϵ⾳żﵽ֮
⾳һˮ룬ȥվżȫοռ䣬ɾԴκջ
⾳飡
ȫĻ棬ȫעڷѪǹϣ
ϺķѪǹĸ޾ѩƮǧۣȻȫһɲǣٶȱŷ£ֱ˺ããѩĻ
ƾǧѩ޾Ĵ߶£γһ޴İɫϯƲɵƿһУ
Ժɿռ䣬Ĩƽ޾Կռ䷨ɵĹ
Ȼ⾳⾳޾ѩƮǧ
ͬз򣬻ϵ⾳ˮϵ⾳ǿ֣
һǹƿ޾쵶⣬ڴ̵޾ǰ
ڳĸ޾һѷʵȻ˵ȴ⣬ɿռռ侵ѹƣɢƣȻɢǲܵģһ˲ֳ޾ı
ǹֱָ޾Ŀڣ޾д󾪣
ӵնʱվδִ֮䷢ʽֵܵ
Ѫǹƿ޾ĵâĴ޾ĻԪϣ
䣡
Ԫ飬ӿ޾ڣһɲǣ޾г޾ŭ𡢶ʻ
ޣʣߵ츳ŭԼĿ֮£
ʻŭȫһ£޾еķŭͼʱ󵽼£Ҫ޾գ
˫ĿѪ죬·Ҫը
ܰɣ
ڹԼ£ФһԿţȻɱ֣ѪǹɨǹصĻ޾ؿڡ
޾ʱԪ飬ǹѣȻһѪ嵹ɶ
һ̣һ޾תţصˤڷ̨ϣѪ½
޾ܱ
һ΢ҵԪѪǹʮһѹ֮£ʩչ飬ҲС
᳡ѾһƬѻȸһĮФҲ˫ۣݵĿ


1250 ߣ
ФΪĵӣ칬һٶУ콾֪˶٣Щţ˼ģ
Ǻ״ӣмٸˡģФӼĸ࣡
£̨һССĸʵڼФ̫ȤŻ߿գĿڤ˼ԵޱȵĮԭĵһ޾Ҳ벻Фӵۡ
ڣȴФ¶ݡ
𾪵Ĳʵʵţ𾪵츳
ʮͷ䣬񺣳սʤ񺣺ڵ޾츳ֱ׷ˣȴ칬ɳģԴСʦ涼ռ˼ƣǿ£
Сһǲ˼飡
Фӵһ䲻˼飬ѾǷǳߵۣڳڣѾ֪ʲôˡ
ڤʥ֮ǰޱȷǣȫǱӭͷһˮƻ
ǿʤĴʦ֣ôˣ츳ˣʵҲˣܵ
ʦ̫֡ˡ
¶Ѿش˹ϯϣıˣȴսʤ޾һĻ
ϹŷĵӣЩ£ȻУǵʦֶǿģҲû뵽Ʋɵ̬ô޾
ģϵ⾳
ʮ䣬˸߲⾳Ĵ˺ܶһһӶ޷ʵֵͻƣ
޾ǹǿˣҲû⾳
ߣ
ϯ˺
ĺȴһĺ˳
ߣ
ߣ
ѾֹϹŷڻˣϯʮڹڣڻ
ʮڹڣγһֲ쳹ʮ𶯣ƺɢ
һ츳ɱ˵ţǶôף
ڳߣǴʥسǸ칬һȣǶǲݸʵǣԴʦжһصĲݸһﵽ˵ˮ׼
һ̣ͷ·̨ϵΨһӢ䣡
ȻӮˡط⾳һ䡭
ں칬΢΢һȫȴͻط֣һڿԼ
˫Ŀɺ죬΢Цǲ֪ΪΣĿȴúһڤӣôˣ
û£Ǻǡ
ڤЦݣ·ûʲôľƵģĺ޾츳ʵ棬ͬʱѹûȥϵ΢Цƽеġ
ܶԽԽӣǱѾûʲôˣ˭ǿ˭ı䣬ľǺ󱲵ӵǿҲ֮飬ھӼ棬ʱȺӵĳɾء
һҪǺ󱲵ӱѹһͿʯӴӵˣڤӣΪ̸Ц
šü΢ѵڤҲʶӵеĲͬѰҵıҵһЩô
ɻʵ̶ֳȣͨ˵һ񶼻뵽ܶණ
֮ǰʩչһˣȻûȴʦˣʦԴ˼Ϊʦʩչ˵ı֮
£һҪʦᡣ
пٵӹЩͷȴɫû֪ʲô
ϧ޾ֶֻһ㣬ϧһСźӣ̾Ϣһϧӣƺ޾ĵһ㡣
š޾ֶͬʱʱշˮϵַ򣬾ɢһЩȲһ򣬷޾ֶӦҲܴ⾳ˣǾһݹ⾰ˣ¹˭δء
нǿڸţ׷Ϊ޾ʧɡ
ʵǿ츳׷Σǰڤӣ츳Ҫ˵ģ
δĳɾͣޱȿ£һ޾ʧܣڤ˵ʲôЩ׷׸ڤ˵ûҲΪ˽ڤӡ
ڤӵǲΪ⣬ֻ˵λ̧̫޾ˣʵǲôԴɾֻǿˣʥسȴ˳ɼȷʵ츳ˣ޾òԩ
˻ҵȺѽ
ǰСС컯ִȡõĳɾͣѹ³ˡ
Ƶ̬ȣֵƳ硣
Ƿ׷׹ţȴûʩչ䣬ֻһݻԵȻԵ֮С
һţõһݻԵ֪ɱ֮
츳ɱˣݣҲݻԵˣԲ졣
Ҳֻкӣ֪ݻԵǱѰ
ڵһֳˮĻһʱͣ
޾̭ڷ̨ʮһ״Ϣ
һߣͽѪûء
֮ǰڿı
ȥӭĿ⡣
΢΢һЦֻǵ˵һ䣬úܺá
Ҳζţʶȳ̶ȵʵҲֻͣ硣
Ķ֣ȷʵڴսڡ
ڽѪȴɫأԼذɣ
Сӣôô̬
ѪսеĽУ̫ǿˣ
ʱתԽѪ˵λѣˡ
ıƽݱ飬ڽѪװƣǸûı֣
غشһսô˴ݡ
СӣҵˣΪҲˮƽΪң
ѪбһɾҪ֤˿ȻȲҲһһǰȻţƺģδرǿ
ݣ
Ѫˣ
ѪǴºţ֣һѪΪĽ̫죬ɱ֮󣬽ӲմѪ
һѪĽȻ쵽˼£
콣ͬ޾Ŀ磬
ѪģǷ֮⾳һ̣ѪĽ˷У缴ǽǷ磡һʼܿģ֮Ľ⣬ⶼѾȫʧˣ
޾ĵҲԶ罣ѪĽ죡쵽µĽ磬ۻңô
һ̣ҲԼıһƽƵı˵ǽĩ˵ǵ涼Умнĩ˷
˵״ǡһʶΪĴºţһ
ٶȺܿ죬ǹ
ˣĿĽϯأſռ䶼֮һ˲䣬Ѫ޾ⶼһ飡
þԵֱѹƽѪĽ
һɣﵽԵʱ򣬹ǼȴѾ޷ֲˡ
ǿĹ
۾һâĹ̫̬ˣҪ֪һӦûֹֻĹûء
һսϾҪѪĲ̫࣬ˣ


1251 ʸ߷壡
ռ䷨Կռ𶯣ƿҵķ֮⾳
ѪһδӰˣĹ㤣ղŵĽУðĽһƬռ佣裬γƽ֮ʽ
ĽԽռ䣬̫Զ̫ԶֻƶѣˣѾ㹻ˣѪһУ֪˶ٶ֡
ڣһҿռ䣬ƿ˽ѪĽУԿռ䷨⣬Ȼǿ˵ز
̫ˣѪսʶǰԵǿ֣ͬ
ʱһγ
ڳһһɲǣһ˫緱ǵӱˣͫȻͬâһۣȫһ㣬һΧӵĻƣһ˫۾Ī⣬޷ֱӣ
ǣ
Ѫһ˫ͫʶסһɲǣֻȫͬʱˣ
һӰһΪˣӰ˸Ѫ
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ѪоĪ
ռ侵һΪˣվڿռ䷨صе
ռ䷨ĵأҪзѣ޾츳ط⾳żռ侵һΪģѾľȴĳɾ˵ؿռ⾳
ôܡ
Ѫ·˵ģһ˲ʩչļʵĽģ
̫ˣ
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ȻѪĽâڳ˲䣬㱻˵ӰϹ
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һ̣Ѫ彩ֱġ󱳶Ѿˮ
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ֽѪǲֿܵռ侵һΪˣ޾һᣬﵽռ䷨⾳ֱ
ռ䷨򣬿Ǳзѵö࣬һ޳ɣҲǿ޷δĳɾͻﵽ̶ֳȣҲ˰ɣ
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죬ˣⲻ֣һ飬ܻӿֳЩ޷ţһһ䣬Ǵﵽ˶ʢ
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СħɡӡҢ
ȶԣ޾ȻʧɫҲƺΪᣬЩ
ʱ޾̨ϣҲĿͽѪһսϣһ˿Ц
֪ͣС˼꣡ȴΪ򡪡ռ䷨ϣ׵׵Ļ
һ˴ģĪóһη̨Ծ޾ģһĴ
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һڻ֣ޱȷ
̫ǿˣһһ䣬Сħɵˣһ£
Ǹǿģղֻó˿ռ⾳ɻܽѪʵûȫչ¶˭˵û䣡
˵䣬νذǰϰһһݣܲսʤСħɵˣ˵ϾˣҲ˽⡣Ȼ츳ߣʵһ㣬ذǰʮӦû⣬ǰʮеѶȣ
δǴۼһǶ̬
ʮˣǷۣϹŷһӸоԼúЩ˶̫ˣ
ĬĬ˵Ȼ޾һս˭֪˶٣Ѫûʵʸ
ɲݣһΪµĶ֣
ܺ棬ʲô

Ǹͫʡ
ں칬Ŷͷƺ˿˼
Ҳһסˣľе㾪ˡ
ûʶͫ׵쳣Ӧ˵Ȼע⵽쳣Ѫʵ̫ˣһͫףҲΪ档
˺þãĬĬһӡ䣬Լͫʣȫ¼ӡ֮ϣֱͨʦ𡪡

ʱǷ̨纣һĻһӵʱŽͣϢ
ˣФڷ̨֮ϣ
ĺܲѾǵһһĸˣܱ۵ģ⼸ʮҲʮˣһθȻͳˣ
ƽţв֪ʾ֮ӡֻ̣Ϊǵĳ
̨ǰʮףʮףȥʵǰɣóǵʵޣ뿴Ǿߵһ
Фѵ˵ô໰Ӧ˵ӸʼФӳȥ֮⣬˵лûиղŵĻࡣ
ɼФеĵλ
ˣФҲֻһ䣬뿴Ǿߵһ˵뿴ǾܲܵǶ
Ҳ˵Ф϶ﵽ̶ֳȣҲ߱ǶĿܡ
̨ȻֻǷƷϾǺƣ鱦ڵǶ̸ף
ڿʼˣ
ĶԾԭΪ޾ͽѪԾû뵽ȴƥĶԾ޾ͽѪܼģ֪ʵǷ̨ףܴﵽһ
ҾʵøһЩȻߣӦҲʮף
˵Уüһ䣬÷̨Ϊսûʮף˵ʮˡ
ʼɣ
һۣӶԷиܵ˱˴˵ս⣬Ƕͬʱʮ׷̨ʯڣ
ʯڣ
ʮ׵ѹʮһף̫࣬Ҳ˲ܵѹ
ǿѹȻˣѹĸЩɣ


1252 
ãã޾ƺ֮ϣƯɽһɽߴǧɣдУŽأٲɽ£ͬѩ׵ƥƼ䣬ʧ
ڶɽ֮Уһռ䣬ռ֮вʯȪȪˮˣϷһ˯ţشʮɫ
Ƭɳ֮ǰһдݣݿܼ򵥣Ϳŵ㡣
ůյݵëд䣬ʱݱƿˣһŮӴл߳ʮ꣬һֻŻһŮӣǻ£ȴɢʥϢ
Ļ䴩߶䣬ϴĹ⻪˿Уò·һ֮У˿УǴ³֮УӰȴ׽λá
ƽ͵߹֣Χ裬ߴߴĳ衣
ŮߵһƬǰ㵹ˮ
⻨еˮǷˮȪ¶ȡһΣʥʦ˵Ǿõϡ
ڰŮУȴֻ
ĻҲͨĻ䣬ýۺĵرЩĵرòҩֻǹͣЩ䣬䣬ȻѤޱȡ
ʱȪ֮УɫƯСһԾˮ棬ڿоǻŮ
Ůֻʮ꣬ȫһˮɴ˫庬ţȻԲ޳
Ůɢ޾ഺϢƷ֮ˡ
ǺȻ壬ɳе㣬ͨΪߣܻû˵һУһ֮Ů
ֻϷУΪ֪
ӣҪ
Ů˵
š
Ůһվֱӡ
Ů±ɺɫ㣬˯Ҷ֮д󣬾ʱΧĿռ䷢΢һˮӿռдⷽСǧ֮С
ˮͷ⣬ɢźɫĹ⣬ֻа˸ߣз·ӡһ㣬ʱƾҪĤ֮С
Σ
ˮлûһͬһʮ㡣
̲˴֮ټ棬Ƕڱչأֻ߹زܹǣѾˡ
һ䣬ڶϯʢһĦȭƣڵһϴʡȻһ䣬˵Ҳֻ΢С°ˡ
򣬲֪ܵһ𣬾ǵһһΪϣҲǳС
ɲֻǴʵڲǵĹע
˵һľٰ죬ǵĵʵʩģͷβҲֻǸ˴ѡ
һɺΪĵӸܴ飬ͷβ֡
£ȻʱֱӽʶͶӰĹأȻвͬѰ鷢ˡ
Ůӷ»ʶͶӰȴ˵⡣ļ֬òȻУǴϣȴܸоһۡϢ
ΣûŪĻ˵Ĵ˳ˡ
żɽ
ˡ
Ůƺ˳˼ˣǰ꣬ո̤֮·ʱˣѾ
ˡŮţ·𷭿һصʷ飬꣬Ƴ£
ԣˣ㣬ǰѾʱг˯꣡ȻǰʱѣѰҵ˴ˣ˼Ԥ˰ɡ
ɫˮ˵ţͻȻˮͶӰľһƬģʧˣһͶӰ米

ԣ˵һ֣ºõӲԤһʼֵĲ棬ʵֻߣνѰ˻Ե硭ԴΣ󣬾ͫǣʵͻͽ
ͫ
Ůڶݣͫ˵䡣
һּΪ䣬ҪѧҪͫĴУҪһʡ
ֻܵһһѧϰѣҪ˵Դڣǲɵġ
һʼϰͫܿʵᱻѹƣԵòͬţһἫֲ
ϣðŮΪ֮ݵĶѾٺ٣ͫһ
ҲĹʮΪڣʮ꿪ͫȷʵ˾̾ˣһεһ䣬һϯ֮أֻϧֻͫǸոտʵδȫӳҪʤεˣǲ̫ˡ
˵ʮ䣬δƳ˵ֻǶݵһ˲ˡ
˵ţŮӵĿȴע⵽ԣһͬµ꣬꣬ŮһĪĸо
ǡ
ţҲǳ⣬һ½ߣϰ˻Ԫµ䡪Ԫ⣡
Ԫ⣬ǻԪĴˣŮ΢΢һ㵣Ԫζ̫̫࣬Ρͬһʱ绪
ǣֻѧ˻Ԫһ֣Ҳ²⣬ӦżȻĻԵ˻ԪµĴУǣδͨԪĿ飬δܵõԪУ㲻ϻԪĴˣֻ˵һ˵СһʵҪһЩǱ͸ˡ
ֻǸʩչĺɿռ䣬Ͳµ˴ţȷʵûеõԪУֻǵõ˺Сһְˡ
ʵϣߵ֮·ʱ򣬻½ߣΪҲɣǱԶڣ˵ʱûͨԪĿ飬ҲΪȻܴ½ˣѾ̫̫ˡ
СһͨԪȫ֮ǰ㲻ϻԪĴˣԪĿ飬Ҳôͨģδд
ҪעڵʵһЩʮ꿪ͫǱʮֵĿֲδٵش٣ҲΪʱ֮һɳãδԵĻҲܳΪһҪǡ
һʱǻмкܶ࣬ķҲΨһǡ
ԺĻŮûӦʲôֻһӣһСǧ綼ʧˣɲǼǵĸ
ãã˺ʮڹڣȺŷ̨ŵź
ŮӾ֮УͺͶӰһ̨ϵһУ۵ס
΢΢һЦ˵㣬ʱͶӰʵһģһðɣǿ˵Ĵˣĺ󱲣ϷƵķ̨Ͼߵһ


1253 Ʒ⾳




ʮ˷źʱѾִĽˣϹŷڳںҲںħʼҲںġ
ޱȷǶϣţ̨ϵܴ漣ߵ漣
ǱעʵϰٴһмĿܴ칬µ񻰡
ʱڷ̨ϣѾʮ׷̨ʮ֮һĸ߶ȣҲһǧɣ
ʮ׷̨Ĵ֮УûȥѶȿɼһߣ
ʢ£ѵһĳˣ
ڼʮ˵Ĺϯϣߵλãر׼һƬԳһСǧ磬һߣһٸҪ
ǵд۷ʥ벽ȴûĽ
ǿߣڤݵĴھۼ칬֮Уһͨˮۿ֮⣬΢һģҲֱӳ齢ɵ߿йۿеȨǲеģ;ˡ
˽֮ģһĸ߲㣬ֳֻܵλϯϹۿ
ЩλϯϵˣһڿĸпǰˣδĳɾѾˡ
˼飬ˣ˫ڲ°
ţ˲Ҳǳͣ񺣳ڵΪڻһֱܸĽŲ򵥣
ԭΪᱻ˦һֱһǧɣȴû㡣

磬Х
źڼ
ʮɵķ̨֮䣬ǶôĲۣǣȴδ֧
һǧɣǧɣǧɡ
ڵĸ߶ȲϵİθߣҲһֱ£
Ÿ߶ȵѹҲԽԽͣ
ķ̨ÿһ·̺ŴϢ
ϢţÿһںʮƳߣһںϢͨ˵İٱ
ֻͨǿȴǿԪ
ѹ糱ˮһӿ£ѹоΧŻҵķ
Щ֮·ƽʱķһЩͬ
תǣͻᱻ˺
ÿһ쳣
һоԼʵڶ͸ʵϣһ͸оԼ·֮УһֽҺ֮С
еʱ򣬺Ȼһǿҵӿ·ֱ۶ҪϵĸоһߣûǿԪһϮֱӾͻᱻȥ
еʱ򣬺ȻһɻҵӿֱӳĻԪЩҵ񺣺ǿߵȫһƽʱһ񺣺ǿߵĹûаоڣ̨ĹУĺܴ󣬳һɡ

³һǧɣǰ滹ǧɣ
ȥҸоʮȫ⣬ǽʮףĿ꣡
ųʮףڵȥʮ׵ĻֻɣͻᱻֱӺ
̨ųڲʵǣ̨ôûеȥȻǿ̸
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶǺĴˣǴ񺣺ķ̨ȴֻ񺣳ڡ
ʮף٣Ҫʵʮ׵ĹУﵽļޣһ£
תͷһԶٶ൱
ʱͫѾһ㣬ͫܲ˷صĻơ
˫ӡ
΢΢һѾǵһοˡ
Ȼ˫ӵʲôܣԿ϶һǣΪһ˫ӣΧǻҵķ֮иǿĸһܵĻ֮ҪԼС
ƺܵĿ⣬һ˫ͫʱ۾Ŀޱȣ·һۿġ
ЦЦʵǡ
ȴʱ򣬶һ
Ŀڤ˼
һʼӴ̨ʱ͸ܵһ޵⾳ʮ⾳
һ⾳ʼճŷ̨ÿһ䣬˸оȴо
ʮ죬ʲô
޷˵壬Կ϶Ǵ˵Ϳ̸
ɹʮɣо̺ķ
ôˣ
ڳڣͻȻֹͣʵǣԭʼոٶȣڣͻȻ֮󣬾ͱ˦ˡ
֧Ϣô
̨ڲԷе£ͬʵǾڣھͣһ£ȷʵԻָ
ϢһҲãܱԪľ̨ɨȥǿ
˳ʮףЩˣھͱɨȥҲǳˣ񺣳ڣ
ڵĸ߶ȣʮǧɣ߶ȣϾʧܣҲû˻ᳰЦʸ
ڷٰ̨һ临ʱ򣬲֪񺣺ڵľţһʮɨ
񺣳սʤ޾̨ʮǧɣϢһ£»ǧɣѾ԰
ʱѾǧɣȴǧɴ
ʮףҲúһǧɵʱѾˡ
һ˼ӵʱ䡣
ϢϲҲҪѹֱûô
Ѿˣֻƾһ֧Űɡ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ͣ
ϹŷһֱΪź
ţֻһ죬һɻҵĻԪֱӱ飬Ȼδ
Ķͷһ˿Ѫ
Ѿ˾ţںǣޱǿ󣬵ļ£ûп߶Ԫ֮ڲΪ״̬ƾ񺣺ǿߵһǻˡ
ʦ֣
ϹŷĵһĻԪ֮ȻûгſµĻԪ
ʦСģ
Ϲŷţһ˹ֱӳĺϣ
ûлԪֱӳĳ

Ȼһ𣬱˺ѣѪ졣
ִ磡
һĻһ
һʼȫ߶ԪӲʮ׻Ĺನ׷³ܡ
ڣȴɻԪɢֱӲҹһߣһͻᱻķѡ
ǲѾ˰
ûи˻ôͣػû
ǿĻԣһ͸ñˡ


1254 ֮
Сӣڸʲôáʯļ٣ǻΣ¾Сˡ
ФҲվԥǲҪȡ
ֱֹıֹȻһ֮̽ȴ֣ʶһ״̬ƺΰѣ״̬ڶ
һ£Фԥˡ
СӣȻʱ˶״̬
״̬Ȼܴϣ£ܻ˵ġ
Фӣ칬УҲʱ״̬
ʱҲڲƺ̺ڷ̨е⾳
ˣ̨е⾳ʮ⾳⾳ǵŷ̨µġҲѰ˹ŷ̨ƬŶԴ˼˽⣬˷̨
Ȼܵʮ⾳ҵǵ͹ˣϧľ̫ͣоҲû취ŵпһзͫҲô׵ġ
ҡҡͷʮ⾳ѸΪڵԼʮѾʮ⾳ˡ
ǵķ̨ʵ۶ʮ⾳⣬ȴȲϰⳡĻߣҲǷ̨顣
̨飬Ą̊́Ƭںһ޲лɵģͨƷ̨Ḷ́Ҳʮ⾳һЩ˽⡣ǺƷ̨Ҫջ񣬲ػصʽҲû취飬ϾûħõƬҲǰ㣬ֱƬֱ֮еʮ⾳
ǳţηСһ̨ܹܵϴڵʮ⾳ҲǼΪѵãȻв֮
˵ţŮȴֻһ˫⻪˼
Σʲô
Ů΢΢һЦ˵ֻ֣ϣһ˿ηϢ
ηôܣǲרôˣȥν磬ΪԵã׽һ˿ԴΰɣϲŴηϢ
ͻȻ뵽һ㣬Ůûлشȴ֪ϵηϢԶԶô򵥡
ʱϡ
ιǽ飬ͷȾѪ
ұҲУһСۣѪģ
ڶž޴ѹʵǷ̨£ֱۡˣĽΪȫֱۺ˫ȵ̨ܵϵѹ
ˣ֪ڸʲôֱˣô
Ѿʧȥʶ˰ɣ
ΧڵĺѾȫˣڴҵĶ״̬һʼ̨һֱûԪֿǹҵķ̨ĺ
ԪΪԼԷ̶ȣͷβɻʮҲʲôҲֹڴˡ
֣һʼûԪɻĹǴģ
ͬ˵ˮֻһΧ£ֻᱬҵɽ顣
赼ķʽؿӣˮ⣬ܸκˮ
ڣʹûԪӲֱĺ뾭֮Уȥ⡢ƷḶ́ȻޱգҲޱʹ࣬ᾭϣ
һķһ̶ΪãʵǷ̨һݣһܻöĺô
ʮޱȣһߣҪǳ˵Ρ
ͻʮɣ٣ȴδûܣ
˵ţһȸղŵңֱͷ­
һʵˣҪˣ
ȴɲΪȻδ
ФĿһ֣ʱԺһ𶯣
Ф˲ֱڷ̨飬ǸֱĻߡ
ߣʦ𶼻ƽͿĻһϣοФӡ
ФӹûһҲʵʵĺ֮ϣ
磡
Ѫ䣬ͷȫѪ
ִ磡
ǰ߰ߵѪʹĿĵ˿ڣˣָڷ
ôֹ
Фǰʲôٲֹʦֶûˣ
ʦȥȾʦְɣ
Ůӣʼǵʦ
ϹŷĵӶʮּϹŷò׳ôһţҪǳʲôأǲҪô
ұ죡
ʯһйעĹҽеĵȫѹˣȻҲܽФûг֣Ȼɡ
Ϊǵ۹⿴ñФǰ׼ʵʵţ
ʯһ˵ЩӶˡ
˫Ŀᣬǧ֡
һԣŴӷ̨˵¶Ҳһ˫ֽһ𣬽ŵĿŷ̨ϵ
һδεĳȫܡ
ȫѪһѪˣһĻ˵ǧϹŷӣĵӣҲľ
״ʲô
ǰоЦ
ôصˣ˰ɣ
еΪżʱ򣬵ȻҲкܶڿ֡
мĵģͲñǿ˶˲źãرǱɨӵڤʥصӣǺ޲ԽԽá
ɵӣҿ
֪ʲôڹȻӲٺ٣ͷϣԴݺݵĴ򣡡
ڤʥصĵʵʮǸоֻǿúܲңҲ̫ŵĽкֻСĽУǵûڼʮڹڵźУۡ
ʱ޾ҲѾӷ̨Ŵʱ˵˫Ŀһ˿֮ɫȻ֪Сӵڸʲôڵ״̬϶ΣգФӶܽţ֪òó֣һСģСӾͻ˵Ҳɾ
޾ɺɫһ˿׹⣬ʱһɸǿĻۣһ֮ǰǿĹ򣬺Ȼĺԣ
ڷ̨ϣФӿһĻȫעۿҪ֡
ʱ˼һĻˣ
һ˲䣬Ƿֳɣһɴ࣬ռ˾ųɣͻȻת˷򣬴һߣǹСģȴǷĺû룬ûж˺ţ뺣һʧˣ
ʲô
ФȻһ㶣ղһĻͺǣǹɻҵˣ
ڳڣͲ֪ղŷʲôҲֻΪ̨ĻߡФӣԼ칬ĺ𣬲Ŀ˸ղŵһĻ˷̨ϵһɻиר֣С֮


1255 ֱ
Ȼ֮
¶ݣѾԵˣٸߣûΪĻۣҲ֮ܲοʱ仹ôݡͺñȣһŵĺͯ䲻£ȥŹҲһ
Σ⵽ô£
Σ֮ʵڣȴڶļ֮һ
ҵЩ²⣬ǿȥܿ϶ءƮ죬˵˵û˵
һ̣ڷ̨ϣѾ׵ˡ
̨ϵʮ֮ԸԻҵĸо˸޷գΪа
ϵһЩ򣬵Щȴá
ձԪ̨ϵʮȴԪڣ಻٣һʮ֣
гԪ֮⣬ʮϤһϵ޵Ԫһ֣η޵֮ΪԪ
ڲ֪νʱǳν磬ޣԹԼԪ
ԪԪԪ˵Ƕһ֮õôҹҿԳΪ֮֮⣬Ȼʮ֮·жܿ̽
ţԽԼϤãģ޷֧䣬ֻܽų
Ǳ֮ǰһĻһɻ֮һΪоųɵųֻһɵҲԪԪԪա
ʱ򣬹ϯϵǣȻ֪Ϸı仯
ڤʥصĵӻڿ֡
Сӻ澭򰡡
ðǿԶ࿴һϷ
ԣⳡϷʹ죬ݺݵش򡣡
Щ˵ŵʱȴȻ˫ۣ
ƺеĻͷһۣĿϹŷ壬ڤʥڵķɨ
ʲô
ڤʥصĵӶһȻˣ
Ϲŷĵӣȴϲǵʦ֣ˣ
ģȻˣ
عⷵհɣôصˣȫѪôҪ
ϧǿϺϷˡ
ڤʥصĵ˵ţʱȫĹǽڿʼԣԡ죬ЩѪģ˿Ҳʼ䶯˿ڣȻʼۿɼٶϣ
ѪֹסѵĹҲ
ʲô
ڳڶǴһڤʥصĵӸȫɵˣʲôָôصˣҲûгҩôͻȻʼһָ
ȥϸ룬ʱˣ
ʼ̨
һһշ̨ϵĻеƵʲ죬һǽһɵľ룡
һɾһ˶ߣҲ˵ȫԾз̨·̨һֻԳһͨĴһ㡣
ͻı仯ڤʥصĵǲӵɳ
ôܣ
ղŵ׷ʲôѾ˰
Ǹеţôص˾Ȼǫָ̂ʮ㣬ȻҲɣ
Сӡ̨ڲռĻ߿һĻҲ̾ԭΪһ̨̤ܸܵʮ⾳òڿǵ͹
ֱϣʮɡʮɡһɡɡɣ
ٶȼ죬Ƚɣ
ϹŷߣڳǶǼޱȣ
һЩվʼƴźгϷ̨ĳ嶯
ʦ֣ͣ
ʦ֣嵽㣡
ۿϹŷĵӶˣһЩŮӣӯ
ϹŷĽ
Ϲŷδйһգվһ̨ϣĿ
ʦ̫ˣ
ղŲ֪ʲô£ʦֿ϶ҵʲôɣô̵ʱڷַ̨ĹɣԣԽĳ
ǸĹڣ̨֪ϵʮ⾳ͲǿԾ˵ġ
ֻ죬˷̨
ǲʦ
˭֪ʮ׿϶û⣬ʮҲһְɣҲҲʦܳԽ
ԽϹŷǱΪǿߡ
̨ͬʱӦߵΪǱΪԽߣǱԽþԽߣ
ֻҪԽ͵һϣԽˣ
ˣҵǿۣ
ں칬һ
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һܿԽһ磡
·ţͥŲٸһӶʱڴпǰһƬڿ¥¥ýģλðĹ
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һɫۣķףò㣬ٶ·ɡ
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ĳ֣úϵ칬ɴ˿ɼӡ
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ĬĬĺһʱдһƮŮصںĶߣɡ
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деĻ֮䣬һɫȹƽ׿Լ˫޳ݵȻȫȻȻɢʥࡢǻ۵Ϣ
ֻǿӣ޷һ˳һǧľǿߣֻΪһ껪Ůഺ֪ԣʳ˼̻
𣬺̾һ˼ӿļ䣬໰˵ȴֻǻɼ򵥵һ仰ǡһû˰ɡ
˵䣬öڿеĺɫˮû壬ԭͶӰҲںˡʱ̫ˣƳҲһһĹп
ŮҡͷȻֻأοҿҲһմΣƣѳɿգת˲š
Цˣ˵㻹ӣ޳·ûʲôܼе˵ǶǡΡˣľǱȲˡ
˶٣̸̸ֵ˵Ц𣬾ȻһСʱ򣬿ۡôҲû뵽Ǹû̫֮ԪĴжδȫȻܹʮ⾳򣡡
СħɡΣҢ֮⣬ӣô콾ĳǴٵˣ


1256 ʵʮ
ôţ·ڻЩ޾֮еʷ
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ڼ䣬оɵ䣬µ
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𿴺ΪͫΪһ䣬Ҳһʣųƿһз򣬾֮УҲٮٮߣ
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еԵʵڷ̨ʮҲԽԽɣεţҲһ̺ʮ֮֮ĳһһ˼֮Ĺɡ
Ȼʮ⾳ûжɹʮɣĵƣǾǺųƿһзͫ
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ǵĹ֪ʵʵʵĸʮ⾳ʮ֮һ֮ΪԼá
ֻͫ͸֮켣ƶж֮Ĺȡɡ
ǿڵʵĿ߿Ӽһ㣡
ͳȶˣֱϣûʲô
֮ǧɵʱ˷̨ʮ׵ƽأ
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˶ѡ˵ʵҲʱ֣ƽĶۣûκģ֪ļʲô
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ʦ˰ʮʱ̨ΪֹѾٶˣµӣʦ״ӣҲδ˵ǶеʮǧɣǶǧɣӣʱҲ񺣺Ϊ
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Ƕ̫ˣǶǲܵˣǧɾû⣬пܱƽ칬ǰµļ¼һЩҲܵǧˣ


1257 ȡ
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ʱͫҰ֮У̨еĻӰ
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ֽСռ䣬ͨԭͨļ϶һδεĸҾϲ꣬Ҵ̨֮ڵɫĺӣʮǧɣʱѾ񺣺ˣϣµļ¼
һֱ֮ܿУʵֻ㲻𡢻Ԫкܴࡣ
˵ĵӣΨһӣ
ֻôһˣھͺɨٶµеӣҲ𾪣о֮е顣
ӦƼ¼ֻȴˣ̫š


1258 
ţĿۼϣʱҲܼ֮ˡ
Ȳǰҵ֮ϡΪĲͬ˵ܼܼ֮һĳܣֻĶٰˡ
ÿʱỵ̈ڵԪڿٵģͬʱڱ֮ȴڲϵࡣ
̨ʮأԽߴѹԽ
оԼǲӿĴеһҶۣÿһҪŬ
Ѿǧˡ̨Ȼ鴫ҳʮ⾳ȴ˼ЩˣҲ֪ôġ
յ״ӣÿ˶ԼĿұ죬Լߣ⣬Ƿȫܡ
̨νǰɹͨûһ㣬ֱƽ⡢֮ǶõĸƵİ취Ҳܣ
е֮ܿѹȻҪ࣬úĻ˵ȡɡ
Ƿ̨ȡɣǰǧɡ
ǧ֮֮ٶȿ񱩡
ʱķ̨ͬķŭ֮۳ɺХһХſ
ţ
ɫһ䣬֮ʵֲֽ̫ӿռ伸Ҫ˺ˣ
ռ⾳еֽӣǽС統УԼ߽һ磬ֽӵķ򣬴֮ļ϶
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ôȥҸֲ˶ãһռѣǹɻҵͻֱӳҵĻԪǿȣͿ˴ˣ
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һĻڳڵУǶǷһ󾪺
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Ѿǧ˰Խ˵칬Ķӣҵ꣬ҲǧɶѣԶ
ФҲǲò壬һڣһ񺣳ڣȻܺɨ칬ˣԶ츳
ʱһƬƫԶһ֪ʱУһ·ľһߴվڻĴϡ
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˥ǿߣѾʱ޶࣬µ߳ƣǿݣڣֻһнľˡ
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ĬĬ˵ţ˫ۣȫڣû۰ףһ˫۾ȴ·͸ʱգԶϤһܣ
ƽ͸һз򣬿͸һΨԼ˺ǣ䣬ȻΪһ֣ɰѲֻأ޷սʤµţųƳԽʵϡ޷ȫԽ
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ʮ˵ֳ죬ԭԲǧﷶΧƲȫ⺰忪ˣڣȻƲۣ
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ڳȻ֮ܲԪƵǻֵܷģͨԪƣ
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٣ˣ̨һأҲ޷ɹһء칬ĿƣҪ֮УǺεȱ֡


1259 Դɱ
꣡
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ڣ̨ʮ֮ϣһӳ˶ʮԴ
еԴ
ÿһԴɱǿߵʵ
һߣֱӾͱɱǾҲѶԸο޾ɫ֮С
Լе֮ϣ˵ռ
ռ
ȻһնΧĿռȫ𶯵иԶƽʱ״̬οÿռ𶯣ռ䱻ΪĶ

ĵԴ
ʱ򣬺Դϣˣ
ۿҪڶԴϣǧһ֮ʣһ

ݣ
һߵӰϳܽѪʱʩչĿռ侵ͶӰһΪˣ
ߵӰͬʱÿһӰԴһ˲˶ʮһԴȻԴ©Ĺĳϣ
¡¡
һԴײߵĿռ磬ڶԴʵʵײĻԪϣ
׵֮֯ɵֲԶ֮ǰ׵ֲĶ࣡
ĻԪֱӱ飬֮壡
ڳڷһЩİŮŵñ˫۲ٿ
ʱȻҫ۵ɫ棬â֯һƬնɫ磬ҫ˸۾
ǶʶĻرĿ⣬̿ȥ
ô
ɹ𣡡
ɹˡ۾
Ϊ͸֧һֻ۾Ѿܵشˣôȥǧˡ
ʱ̨ϵ۽ѾѣѪ˺Ѫ
۵ɫ棬Ϩ
ͫ۾мǿˣֻҪһʱ䣬ָܻȻڣ۾ζҲֲ˶ˡ
̫ˣʮԴɱ󣬾ȻҲɹȥˣֻǸһֻ۾ĴۣѾǧ߰ɣϣͻưǧɸ߶ȡ
ڷ̨ϿգФ̾˵ʮʮԴɱĿֲ֮ʱФһĿȥȴ֮ǰһǧɵҲɫˡ
ףȻҲٵĸ߶ˣ˲𣡡


1260 ܱ
̨ʮףνĿҪö࣬עˣԶû࣬ͨ£ֻעһ
ڣҲӽɫȻ˹עˡ
ȻҲ߶ȣ
ұΪܵǧɾǼˣ벻Ҳƽǧ߰ɣ֪ǧɵ֮пã
ǧ򣿺ٺ٣ֻ񺣳ڣͼֲסˣˣʱ򣬾ѾҪٵĹˡ
֮ǰһɾʱ򣬾ѾϺе׽١
϶򣬾Ѿ츳治ͨˣ˵ǧɸ߶ʱĶʮߵԴɱ
ǶҪ󲻸ߣϾΪ
۷׷֮ʱ͵ı죬һͬһۿҪϺ
ˣһ
ǿռ絲µģοôסЩɢ޷ǧ򣡡
Ƕǵɴ۾ſӦԲԣڷ̨ϣѹֲܷУǲܵģֻӲ
Ҫֱӿ˿͵̸ףϯŵῡܣûġ
̧ͷȥڴʱѾȫϺЯޱȿ͵
Ŀһܷľſ֮תͬʱԪ߶ޣƾɫԼϣ
һ̣ڳڶǿɵˣ
Ӳ׽٣
̫ˣôܿס
ɲпռ绤壬ǿռ磬Ϊ´󲿷ֱֹԻԪӲܵĳ֪Ҫǿٱ
䣡
壬Ȼһ𣬻Ԫ˴ֱ֮ӱ飬֮ȫ徭֮Уоųֱӱаˡ
ʣµһ˿֮ɢľ֮У徭þһ˿֮ܶӰ졣
ֻһ£
⡭ûɣ
ˣղϣƫˣ
֮ǰ˵Щɵˣ׽ôôɣһ׽Уһ£ûƵģ̫̬˰ɣ
Լǲۻ˵ʱϣ˼ΣɲӰ졣

̫ˣ
ڳڿһĻĪԭΪȻ˵;ƿݣҲൽˣû뵽ɵĿ׽١
֪еа磬ڶɾɵʱ˾֮
ǿľ١ľˮŽٺһ汾ԴĴ
׿ٵĻ̸ƷʣɾʱľҪڷ̨ϵ׽Ҫ߳һϾڵķֻ̨ǺϹŷ̨ƬƵķƷ̺ʮ⾳ȱ
ײʲôǲ˼飬Щһֶ޾Ƶģľ
Ҳʲô챦ɣҲһ񺣳ڵߣֱӲ׽٣϶ȡɵİ취Ϻܲܵǧɣǧֱ֮ӳܶʮߵԴֱӹʱʲôȡɵķûˡ
֮䣬ʽǧ
䣡
죬ֱĤ
ؼ䶼ããһƬɫȫûˣ
򡭡漣֮ǧɫϿյƣ֪εٶʲô׽٣˵ʲô
ҵâҰ޶ãֱϣ
ͣ
޾ϴ壬磬
Сӣôģ֮壿ϰһϵ񹦣
칬¶ݣıֳ֮⡣
ȻַԼĲ²⡣
ԣ׽֮־ͬͨ磬ٺõϵҲܽ׽ΪԼãΥ˳
ţȴ벻ͨôġ
ǺҲ޷Ƿɹ٣ʮ׽ٸԹ֮١
ԼҲûжɹʮɣɵ̶ֳȻкֱ仯
ʱѾ˷̨ǧɵĸ߶ȣͻ˰ǧɵĽޣ
̨ǧɣŵĳɼҪ̾
˵ĴˣȻ⼸յеӣǿö࣡ǱǱ̫˰ɡ
еǱ˼ǣ츳ɱȱβһЩ
ΪĴˣ칬ʥŮδмĿܳɾ
˸𲢲һʱʵɳߵ۷ʱѾˣˣûбȹ˭ǿ˭
ںʵڿɲݣɣ˵ǿʱ򣬻Ҫ
ͽܣӣҲɲ⣡
ţʱʮװǧɸ߶ȵԳķġ
ɫķģеķ򶼲ͬͨʲô壬Щĳ֮󣬾һγһʯ
ǡ۶ɵĵ
Ǿ㵵Ŀǧɸ߶ȣ۶ɵʮʯ
Թܣ֮ǰỨѴʱ佫Լķ⾳ʯϣγͼڵ˲
ڣشԼ۶ʮ𺳣ط۵ĵǸʯһĴڣ
̨ʮѾ׽٣ط۵ķֱԵɱ
̨ϵۿʮٶȳѾѪѪĽϣɭ䣬ޱޣ
۽ʧʣµУɫĻȼգ
ʮǲҪֹҶȫһս
ʱԪĳɣսⲻ
ಣ
һ
һѪɫĵһ̳ʱɱ
𶯵Ŀռ֮עһ֮УȻըȻһĻڱѣ쮳һ˿Ѫ
ǿ
ȫѪӿղŵһȻǿˣȴһˡ
ʱʮҲȺ
ͫ΢΢һ
һΪˣ߸ÿһӭһ߻ײһֱ
Ȼʣµĵжʮ
һ
ҧأһӳһһնΣʣµĵȴҲ޷ֱֵӺϣ
䣡
ըԪ飬ؿݣѪһɲǣ̨еĻ֣߳˼Ե
ˣܱ


1261 
ˣƵ̨Ȼڲʵǣ
ˣǧɣѾˢ˺칬ļ¼˲𣡡
ţӷ̨ƯڳʮڹڣޱȣһѵһĶĿһ̨Ǻεȵѵá˵ⳡܹǵ۽磬һ̶ϣӰպĳɾ͡
ǻԶ
죬ˣԭΪѪ޾Ѿˣû뵽һȣǶʲôˡ
ҪŲ̆ϵҲóڰ
û֪ʵҲˡ
½ۣܿһʵǿ޷ʦҲ֪ʲôԵܳɳһǲżȻ
˵ţĿ׷׾ۼϣֻ̨ʣһˡ
ǧ˰ɴոսҪδ٣ܵʵǵİǧɸ߶ȡ
ߵǸ⣡
ԣ̨ŵУΪͣû뵽ֵʱģǱ٣ǧɵԴɱ󣬿¾ͻὫսˣ
˿ȻҲǾţδɾͲ
ʮ˹עٶȲ죬ÿһȽ
ϣϴȫֻԶۣȳëȻ
ڶῡǣԼ֮Уʲô³
ǧŰɣǧŰʮɣǧɣ
Դٵĵط
ʮߵԴ٣Ҳûȫס͸֧ʧȥۣʹ̶ڰǧɵʱֱӰܱ
ʮߵԴ٣֮ǰЩԴɢˣᾭô
֪˶Դ٣Ǿˣ
Ļڷ̨ʮ׵ĳɼͻˮˡ
Ȼ˵Դֶĥ𣬵һαɢ֮پۼҲҪʱģڲ²ܲܳյǧɵѹء
ɵʱ򣬷̨ʮ׵Ϻ֮ͻȻ¡¡׵γӰ
ЩӰǸǧٹֵޣǶʮߵԴ
ˣԴ٣ʱ˿̨Ȼͬһ㣬ǿȡɾȥġ
¿ô
ʱʮԴٵʱԴͷų߸ٴʮһԴʣµÿռӲˡ
˵Ϊ˶ɹʮԴ٣ֶξ۶ˡ
ڿռ䷨ϵԶûдﵽ۾ĵز⿿ôͬʱԿʮߵԴ
йڶɴ˫ۣϹŷĵӸסһᵽɤۣФҲȫעʱ׼־ֱӱԴɱΪ̨Ǻ칬ͳĴЦˡ
ФΪר׼ʱ侲ֹǧһ˲䣬Ҳֻʱ侲ֹܹΪФȡ㹻ʱ䡣
䣡
ХϺȣʮߵԴһϮɱ
ڷ̨ϣۿʮߵԴᣬȫԪת
֮ǰͿԴ֮٣
ЩԴ־ѾͨԴϵ֮ϣͬȸ߶ȵ췣֮
췣֮ϵԼԦȴǸ⣡
ˣ
һѪǹģ˫Ŀ֮еӰ޾ɫһƬޱȳҵ磡
а֮ȫ
һеа籬ˮһ֮Щ֮ȡԾе׽̨֮ɫԴƷй֮
ʲô
Ӳ
ۿֱȶʮߵԴһԥһǹӳڳڶǵɴ˫ۡ
ФӣҲޱȣԭΪӲ׽Ѿ㹻̬ˣû뵽ڣӲʮߵԴ
˿ֲڽıըһ˲öֻɷɻң
Ƿ
ڶʮߵѪǹӴһɲǣһ
֦Ҷӣڲ죡
ֻɲǼ䣬һɸߵӰڷ̨ϣһ㣡
Χ·֧䣬糱ˮһĻ۶ɫһ˲䣬մأΪΨһɫʡ
찡ʲô
˷ڱΪذܵһ˲䣬һٵأ׳ݣ
󣡣ʲô󣿡
˵תʵ̫˳Ծ֮ǰؾԴٵĳǧٱ
ȻٻаӰ˴׽֮ԼܵԴϴҲǱѰ
ֲࡢѪ֮УⱼӿͬǧҰ
һ˲ƤѪܱ飬ȾѪ
ȻشǴʱ˿̣ȴﵽ㣡
һ̵ȫѪֱ̣֮ͬ죬ԶԶȥ֮ܿͬһȼգ޷ֱӣ
죬𣿡
УȫƤ⼸ûһõĵطȴǿƣֱǲˣԡ׺б
û֪һ֮У췭ظı仯а˺췣֮󣬾ȻʼһֵĽ
ԭֻмƬҶӵа磬ʼۿɼٶȳߣ۵֦ҶϵÿһƬҶӶͬеСеɽеޡԾĸҲڲϵ쳤Щ룬֮Уһ̣аڴˣ
˽磬ͻῴһеСֻкͯߣǿչ֦Ҷ
Сۣպ󣬻ɳΪһΪĻ
а֮ɽһɲǣ˫ۣһ̣ΧΪĿŤ£
һʱ䣬ڼֱﵽǰδеĶ㣡
ʮ˵Ļ᳡һƬžֱФҲȫ˵ˣ׼õʱ侲ֹУȴȫòˡ
̫̬ˡ
ֶξؼɣǿɹʮԴ٣ɹ֮󣬻ʧȥһֻ۾ʧ
ԶʮԴ٣ֱӲ
˷ȻҲܶɹԴ٣Ҷɽ֮ԭȫԡѪƲѪ죬ôܣ
ѵ֮ǰ׽ٴ壿̫ˣ
ҲˣôͻȻǿ治֪ôģ
ǲòֲ̫ˣһֱӱУͻɷɻˣȴ塣


1262 ɱ
ٴ壬ֱ
ԭܻһе췣֮øֶζԿҲοֱӳܡ
˵Ѿˣ˵ٴ壬ĵԴһĿռܲס
ҲΪԭΪô̬˵ֳʵҪһҲ̫ǡ
ôһٴ壬һٺǱ
ҲΪ£֮ǰһֱñ죬ĹҲݣǽǧԴˣҲ²ΪǡĳΣ챦
Ⱥ˵˵Ӯ˲˵ͬ
ϾʷѾ׷ݣԹ֪˶һЩ淨ܹη̨׽Ҳпܡ
ԣҲɣܶʮߵԴɱʵ̫ݣ·ͲƵģķϵͻϵϵﲻ֣
Ҳʵһ֣Ͼ֮ǿߵһȻҲ˲𣬵ȴƲ漣ˡ
˵ֻһЩ̨Ŀ»
٣ҲʵһְͲ˺ܶࡣ
۷׷ף˵ܿʹˣ챦˸ýһЩ
ʱѾһɵĸ߶ȣŰǧǰ
ǧɵǧɣϺӿͣһִͬһХ裬͸¶޾Ŀ֮
ʱȫѾˣɢ޾
״̬ƶ˵Ĳ²⣬ҪȻôܶô޶ã
СӣϾжܣ
칬૵˵ԭܸʮ⾳ʱ򣬺ƶϱȻܣ⾳
ڣƲɵͻƶʮԴɱһԴ֮ΪԼãú޷ˣǿǸͨȫ֮ͬȻҲܱ
ʱںߣĵ˵ƺһֱΪǼʲô챦ײĳֻԵһЩûܿһ㣿
ѵǣתͷߵİŮӣΪһߣ̶ֳֻܹȡ
ǸֵıΪʵ̫ޱ޼ʣк𿴲ı̫ˡħûмʶӡ鵹ʶҲħͼɵʱ򣬲ŷϴħ
Ů΢΢һЦ˵ԵЩȻУ˵һ죬֮ȴδǽǿܳԭ򡭡
ԭ򣿡΢΢ü伶ϵҲǸ׽վͬһ߶ȣδ׽٣񺣳Ϊ˵٣
һʱ벻ֿܣ١ôӱ˵Ҳ֮⣬ˣһЩϵ񹦣ȴֿܡ
һ˵д󾪡
٣˵ھ٣ôܣ
ĳͷĳֶ֮ԼŻήٽĴɱ
ΪֹҲֻǳ١
һΪʱ򣬵һξ٣ҲֲһΡ
֮ΣǺ鱦ģǱܵ٣Ǻˡ
α٣һΪƷʲأٴݻ٣δɡڶεƳɹƷڵķ̨Ʒ
鱦֮⣬дҲ٣ֻһ룬շٵĳ̶ȡ
Ե޾֮·һһɹ٣ô
кܶʵԶͬߵţкܶʥΪǵշٴԴ˳Լȴû£񺣳ڣôܰ쵽
оޣڣͬΪҲ޷١
ûٶ˵ĬĬĹۿ̨
ҲĬˣμȻô˵ȻǿһЩһЩա
ˣôֲ̫ˣͫǱ
ʱԭԵҲ˹ֱ͵˺칬齢У齢ϴУֱӹۿΪǾӸ£ȿ̨Ĺڿø
һۿ
߶ȡ
һԭΪԼʵʵսӮһЩڣȻѾǧ߰˰ɵĸ߶ȣļ¼ֻʣɶѡ
ԼʱԪѾĽ룬״̬ڵ͹ȡ
Ƿȫ˸·׹Ѫ죬ԶԼǿöࡣ
ôģ
ȻʵӦòԼҲûܿƷͫ
̨ʱõİ취ҲѾӲԶԶȲĴɡ
ڣ߶ȴȫʢ״̬Ѿӽޡ
벻Ϊʲô
ǧɵԴɱûпôģǧɵĵ٣ҵҪôɹġ
Ѿ̶ȣô嵽ǧˡ
ʱһϢһϢţڱ죬궼޾
ʱڵ˰ǧɸ߶ȣֻҪԽ߶ȣͻֱӳʮĺ
ʮѾ֮ط۶ɣ־Ҫ֮ǰԴǿöࡣ
ûĿռ侵ÿһնԴǶԸֻնһ֪ˡ
йڣס˺
ǧɣڰǧˣ
ٺ٣͵ʱˣҪʮ֮٣֮ǰһֱܹЩĳϵĻʮͿ¶ԭˡ
㻳ɣǱˣ֮ûбĽͣǿҲ׵̶ֳȰɣҪʮ֮ٿɲ֮ͬЩģбǱҲҪʧЧˣȡɡ
˵ţʱߣѾʼķģЩɫ죬ͬɫ˲ͬķ򣬶ǣЩзżĲͬ
Χϱ任ķģ˼Щģʮķв˾ԪϵķҲ巨η򡭡ư󣡡
ʼղ˽ʮ쾿ʲôȴһģĸʮ죬ϵۺϣ
һֻ͸ʮ죬Լ֮·ſ̤۷壡


1263 Ԫ۶
ɫķģ໥һ𣬿ʼγʮ
ЩÿһתɢŲçƴϢ
ŷĳ֣׳ضˡ
䣡䣡䣡
໥ײ֮·һ졣
˾޴˵ϣܵ
٣İܱ֮ء
ҲǴΪҲʧܵĵط
ʵڳΪϵﻤĲ²ȻԣǴĳ˵ȷʵϵųֿƲȻ󣬵ǽȴࡣ
ڲ٣˵ҲһĿ顣
ڵ˶עһȡˡ
ಣ
ʮһɱ
ֳַѪǹһ̣Ŷݼ뿪磬ոսаˮһЩ֮ǰյ׽֮
׽٣
һǹ̳Ͷ׽֮صĻʮ֮ϣγĵʮ׽ٺУȻûб飬ٶȻһâ˲࣡
ţȻ׽ٷ
ФӾԶǲܵ飬ڳҲȻһ㶣Ĺ˵ϣ٣
Ǹ룬ʱʮŲ˳˸ı䣬ΪģʮйĻÿһλö̺Ȼһ
죬ʮγɵĴ󣡡
£ʱûȳЩɢѾγɴǻ˵ã
γɴ֮ǱȽϵͼĴ󣬶ùοýֺͷҲ̨֪ʮ׵ļʯ֮ٵķ߶ȣһܹģ
ȻõĴ侫̶Ƚﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣʮɱޱȿֲ
̫ˣһʼûܻڱ˵ͨ٣㲻ûΣգ
һɾǿ߶δؿס
һ벽˵һ󷨴ʦΪʦǳǰʮĿֲڣ
ʲô̫˰ɣǷ̨˭ܹ
ǿʲôҲ񺣳ΪʵսǿߣǿߣԲС
ǿ߶޿κεʮѹ֪Բܿȥ
ѶȣѾǿͨˡ
ҪҪФǰֹ
ǰʦѾǸǰˣûбҪðգ
ϹŷߣܶӶнţʯǶͷĿתĶŷ̨
ɫҰףۺᡣ
ʯҧҧ˵ʱѾǱڼ⣬Ҫȥ٣ս̨ļޣ
ʯܵս⣬ʱҪֹǲܵģָֻФӱˡ
ʱƽеФӶЩˣѡʯײһɲǱ¾ֱӻʱФٳ֣ʱֹͣˣ
ܲΪǰֹǫ̀飬Ⱦ˵칬ᱻ˿ЦҲѧľ޴ʧ
Фӿɵġ
𶯣һң
̨鴫Ϣʱ򣬻Ҳȫעһ˫۾ĿתĶٴС
̨٣ƣǷ̨̺ʮ⾳ȻȻҪ̨Ҫ١
칬ٴеФӺͻߣٺЦǧɵĵɱФӺͷ϶񾭣׼ǧһ֮ʳˣҾͿ˵ʲôֶΣ
ۣҲ˵ˣԼһ·õʱϹҲס
¡¡
ʮתͬһ־޴ĥһѹ
мΪģмŵΧʮһ
һɲǣһָоʮ⾳֣ͬʱҲ֪һԼУײȥҪˣ
мʯͬǾĴ塢Ԫϵᣡ
оһʮ⾳ȫ򣬵ɹʮɣǾޣʮ⾳мȴԿƣ
ȴǡʮ⾳ĺģ
ҡһѰɣ
һ̣ȫ˳
ϵ뿪֮
Ԫϵа֮ȼչŷ֮Ѫ
ϵξռյͬƽԲĺս飬ȫע֮У
һ̣ﵽǰδеǿ״̬
Ԫ۶һ
ѪǹȻӳǹâ׼ʮģǧֱ
һ˲䣬ҫ۵ĹΪؼΨһɫʣ޿ƥеǹâصĴ̴ʮ
䣡
оֱ۾𣬻ڱ飬ѪǹҵѪ⡢磬Ѿ֮иַġӡǣһͷųҫ۵Ĺ⻪
Щ⻪ʯϵķһһӳΪʯϵķģԿ̵ķıͬԴ
ǣ
ҫ۵֮Уĵʯ˽ɫƣѿ
ˣ
죡˰
ǵľУʮĵʯȻ飬Ƭɢ
ʯɢ˲䣬ʮҲˣʮʯҲâʧһը
ֲ糱ˮһ㱬ֻǿʯȻ˵ʯۣʮʯҲСΪϵٶըʱ򣬿͵ĳϯ

ĻԪֱӱ飬ֲйϣֱܣ
һʱ䣬ȫƤѪģ
ˣʮ󣬼ޣһԪ۶ԪҲˡ
ʱ˿̣ڳʮڹڣעȴˣǿ߶֧ʮ󣬾Ȼˣ
ôܣ
ǣˣ
ѵʵѾﵽкǿߵľ񺣳սкڣҲҪ˦ʮǧﰡ
ܣû䡢󾳽սʤ֣ѾھûǿߵʵҲڵѹһ˲䣬ģ
֪С֪ʲôЩῡۣܵһ󷨴ʦŭƵ֪֪ղŵ̺˶ķģϷδȥ˵Ϸ򣬾ǴʦķѼʱҲδ͸ô͸
󷨣ܶ󷨴ʦޱȼղŵëû˶ݵʱǻŻʲô壡


1264 շ
ϯϷ˼ҵ󲿷ΪʵܴﵽҪƵֻпһֿܡ
ٲ֣ҪʦΪЩȴܲп󷨵Ŀܣʲôôصǲܣǲܵġ
żꣿΪŶߣƺרҵʦǣ˲ǿ󷨣ֱǶǵ衣
Ҳ뵽ʵʮԿ̵ķģ൱һʮɵʱ򣬾ѾһԿѪ⡢֮УΪһˡ
񡭡˵еذ
ںܶ˼۵ʱע⵽ڵ
˵úء
ұ۹ˣظ첲ĴţȫѪƤûһ˿õĵطԪҲ˲١
ץŷ̨ʯڣĵϢϢ
ڷ̨ǿѹʱصĻ֮£ҪϢ̸ס
һ֮תֵĹͷǡһ죬Ȼ½ˡ
൱ֲĻָͼʶˣҲû⡣
εͨͬɵˣˣҪʱָҲǲܵġ
һӣԪӿԭ鲻˲Ȼһ£۶ɵģһʮַ㡣
ѩָһֽȡһöҩ̷ȥ
ҩˣ
ôһγҩ
ԣǵһΣһֱŵڲŷõһҩ治֪ʲô
ˣ֪СҲˣҲ֧ŲסҪҩʱ򡣡
һЩӵ٩ʵ֮ǰƵٵһĻ̫ˣֱǷࡣ
µҩ֮оѹƲסڵƣԪתܵӰ졣
һ˿ڳܷΧ֮ڡ
ţֹ̨õҩõҩȻָܻƣȴҲҩָǲߴ۷״̬ġ
ʮѾķ򹥻ǲͬѰµҪָѡ
΢΢üʵǷ̨㣬ȫʢ״̬δܳɹ˵ĻǾ͸ˡ
ţǡͻȻһΧ
֮ǰʮ֮ЩѶԭ˷ģƯܡ
ɫķģһޱȣЩǳ֮ĶصķӦš
ʮ⾳ķƬЩ˵дá
ͻȻһͬʱתϵ֮ΧѾɢ˵֮ʼ۹γ֮С
ЩƬ沨һƮˮһյˣ
Щû֮ӡڹѪ⡢֮У磬Ϊģֻ꣬Ϊӡ
ķƬԭеķһһӡ֤һ˲䣬õ˴ʮ⾳޵ĵ·ҲΪˣ
շƬ
⡭ȻʮķƬ
һĻУ˶ǳԾޱȣˣʵǵͬĸ߶ȣʮĺɱǳ̺ķǶôĹŹ֣ͫҲֻܿ巨ת켣ȴ޷Щ
Ҫոǲܡ
ôģо޷⣬ڷ棬ӵͫͬˣڣʮ⾳ϣȴȫ
ʮ֮ЩĴɢ޾֮УСʱĹ򣬽зյĸɸɾ
Ȼڳ˲֪ôģһ϶һڸղŻ˼ĺô
Щô޷תʵҲպĳɳü
һʵʮ̨ǳĥѣʵǷ̨ȴ̺ô˶еĽ
ʱ޿̲ڳɳνͬ£޷õĶã޷õĶа취õ˻ؾգͨŬʩչֶΣܻΪģӳ죬
ˣȫͬ
ڶ෨һԵյ֮оԼڵԻָһЩ廹ǲУԪֻԼȫʢ״̬߳ɡûľºѻָ
ȣ
ȳһѪոû±Ⱦʺ죬ʮִĿ
ȷʵᣬȻֻǲ˲죬ǰ
ǶóѾشȫȾѪ֮ǰһֱȼյĳѪҲ࣬Ҫ̨ʮ׿ºѺѣǼˣȴû¶ƣֱǰƲɵ
־־ľ
һֱΣǧҲΪͣϣǵķøߡ
СӣȻǾޣһѾ֪˵ʲôˣĹԪ۶˲ʶǺϲԪϵϵ˵ηѧģηֻ칬˻ô
ȴ΢΢ҡͷޱߣηδֻ칬ĴУֻ칬ӵη򣬵Ϲʱ˭ܿ϶ûͨϵأѰһϵǿߵĴУͨηҲ֡
ǡ΢΢ü˵ȻԽܡ
ںĻˡ츳Ҳ̫ˣԪĴУ˫ޣһϹܵĴУޡˣӴʮ⾳
ʱţΪֹ̨һѾȥ˰ʱ䣬Ҳ߸ʱ
̨ǧϣѾ׺ҵ֮
Щ֮ӿ񱩣ĳˢ壡
ǧɵ֮Ȼ֧һ֣вٺĻԪϣʱܽԪ飬һ˺ۣ˺ۻ۵öˣ֮ǰٴ֧顣
һ·ѪѿǿĻָϣѿϣ˷֪˶ٴˣ˶Ѫ˼ΣÿһζѪ߰ߣ
ǶɣѪҪˣ˶ĥѡ
״̬£һѵ˾ǧɸ߶ȣ
ԪΪϵĴ߶Ԫ֮ϵ޸壬ֻʣˡ
ʱΧͻ
ӿ֮Щ֮˴֮䲻ϵײۣȻγһģǿӰЩӰģһһȻ۶ɵ
𡭡һڵ״̬⣡
ΧĹҲһ㣬ѾƽޣԪܷӳսΪޣģܹһ


1265 ֮
Ȼ֮ǰڰǧɵʱ漣ڣģǿҲӲȥѾѡ
˶עҲһս񺣳ڴﵽǧɸ߶ȣѾʷ
֮ɵӰϵ࣬һֱʮˣ
ʮ֮۶ɵǧɸ߶ȵĴ٣
һɨȥȴЩӰÿɢϢȫͬλںĵɢϢֱǾԪ塢
ԪϵӰΪڣϵӰѾ˰Ŷݼ׵ţϵʲô
ЩˣһϵӰһʮˣ
ǶǸ֮µһҪԸʮ
սѪǹһ˶ԸʮѶȿ֪
̨Ѷȷʵ̬
ģӮ˾漣ˣӦ˵漣֮ϵ漣
˵ţֻ䡱һɱͬϯأ
ʮ˵Ϊ׵ӰһֳֽɫȨȣɱӰĸߴ࣬ȻӰܸܵ͵Ѫֱ֮Ƕ
ϵĸ֣ͨأŶݼȫһǵǡ纣עڽɫȨ֮Уͷų̫һҫ۵Ĺâ·ҪƲһУ
Ԫ
ͫһĽܷѩǲȱƬϷϹ֣ԪϵӵеӦھԪϵԪϵԪ
Ԫҿ֮󣬾кܣ
һɫӰսһѾ״̬ݲκ֣һʼսͱȫԸȡȻܻɱеļˣذɡ
а֮
Ŷݼף
ӡǣ
һþϵͬʱǿ״̬
Ԫ۶
ȻһǹӳΧ͵̺֮ڵƾʮ⾳⣬ټյڶ෨ģѾһ̶ϲΧ֮ˡ
ѪǹɫȨཻ
ûԤ֮еײǽɫӰֱӳϣȫը
ҫ۵һУĹҫ֮£ȼգԡѪ
ⲻߣսڹе˵ֻܳĳ
ԭΪЩӰս벻ֱӳܳͬ׽һ㡣
ֻڣ֮ͷӰҪ֮ǰ׽ǿ౶

оԼѪⶼȼգ⿪ѣƤڣһɫӰ巨ײ֮٣
ֳֻƽȨȵӰͨأ뿪徳ǿ󣬳ܲסǻҷĽ֣ܵס̫صĻʮҲܶɹˡ
һֻ̣һ߿󣬳˲Ӱȫ죬Ѫ죬ֱӳɢΧĽɫ
徳ȻֳֽɫȵӰһţǣʹѾԣǿɹһ١
ۣ
³һѪҡҡ׹ƾһ֧š
ҪϷ̨Ѿе̨ĻԵʮ⾳ܿ漰۷ܣһЩպδĻԵ
סˣ
ֱޣǱ̬һ߳Ľˣ
ȷʵ̬ղֳ˲Ӱںһ޹Ѫ滹ʮ٣žǧɣôܼȥ
Ϲŷ塢ϹߣĲӰǶ⻳ɣؾʱʧٵǾͱõˣ
Сӣôģ
ʯе˼飬ʱڶȥؾʵǱȽСģϹ壬ɳڶӣһһӣǸ˱ڵһҲǵʱǿ̫ˣǰӶӲˣȻҲܵõǣ
ʯǸе֣Ϲȴֻܴʣ죬ʥضҶοϹ壿һҲȷйأϾʱ̫ˣʵɱһһҲؾħΧ¡
̨֮ϣ̧ͷȥʱ򣬵ڶӰɱ
ӰԼһŮӵ̬ĹѤɫ磬һصķΧתϵߣ
ϵķӰԵı꣡
֣ȫԡɫĹ֮УҲȫ֮Уϴ
ȼյʹ࣬ѵʹǿһٱɫ԰ף˫ĿѪ
оԼͷ­·ըˣ걻˺ѣʹģ
ս飡
һһ̣ü֮䣬һɫĹ磬һһ̴죡
ɫĹ⺣ֱӱһһΪ
һĻǶޱȡ
ǡƽԲս飡
ǻƽԲս飬һĪԣ
ֲս飬߶δӵУ
־ֱ֮ӽϺ飬µ
ս־֣սһ˲䣬ڶ٣ϵŮӣҲĻơ
Ȼͷʹޱȣ㰲Ȼɹ˽١
ϢһӰԪϵҲ
һɫӰֳһ׽纣ɱֱ
٣
䣡
Ӱһ磡
ԪϵĽѣǰ뵤
֮Ǿͺߵ磬٣
Ĵ٣ȫԪת£ޱĹעа֮С
ɣа֮
ȻȫѪ죬ƤⱻϡãꡢҲڳŹûз֮Уѹа֦֮ҶӭɫӰֱȥ
ۣ
ɫӰа֮ȫס֦ƥ飬ȻЩ֦ȴûпήа֮Уתۼֳµ֦
˶Ӱ֣ڵ·޾
ɫϵɣڣ忴ѾΣ֮ȴȼա
䣡
ɢҲ
ֿˣ
ӰԵĻƽԲս飬Ӱÿһ󣬶Ԥʾϵһܣôɳһģ
ںѪǣǿޱȵ־ټһޱȵĴУǧɸ߶ȣ֮У
һţδΪ
λϯڶݵţͻȻչ¶ĳһĲŻȫ
ʱƣչ¶츳ȴ˸еޱȣЩأǱȻȫԽ


1266 
֮ʣʮӰоŵһ
ŵӰÿһӰǷۣ
ЩӰóȻ֮ǰǿ󣬵ǾŵҪ֮ǰǿһܵĥѸӿֲ
а֮Хսɵ־֮裡
ÿһ£˶һ֣־綼Զͬߣĳȴȫٵƣ
֮еФӣ̨еĻߣʱ׼ֲסʱ֣ȻȻӽޣȴɷ¿
ڣϵĻۣײڲ֪£ںϵơ
ʮ취򣬶ԾΪݻģ߾ͻ
ʵǷ̨ʮ׵ʱ򣬾˴֮֮ں϶ɵģ˲ãȴԡ
֮ǰʮյʮ취ƬҲһ̱ںϵɣںϡ
Ѫ⡣
ꡣ
ԪĻ硣
ֲͬķĸλɾʱյģҲʼںϡ
յ֮Ƭʮ⾳߼֪УѾưܲꡢ磬ǱĬɱţ
һʱ䣬ܲ
䣡
ŵٵջһ𣬷˿͵ıը
һ̣޾أĿä
ӰУͬһƮ˲ʧȥټ
ɽΰٱĹϯѺۣնˣ
̫ˣ
ıը˭ܻ
ʮϢʱɢ̨ƽȲȥʱ⵽˼㡣
ԭǻȾѪڣѪҺոˣҲɿݽڣϺܶط¶ͷԭɫĹͷһƵճ˺ɫ
Ҳȥɢ
ˣ
ˣܰɣ
Բᣬ˽һ䣬ֱǷ̣
ǲܽܣ˵֮ǰŴ漣ʵ㣬ФôڲС

ιȥ
ñţФǰû֣ǧʱҲޱȾģǿ侲һʼĿʱʱɨФӡ
ФȻɫأ֣նû
֤ǿƿ֮Уţ
ʱһ̷·ֹˣˣɤۣˣ޾ڵڤʥصӣϣʹ
ǣ
΢˲ƣͬ̿һڵƤ¶һ㾧Өһļ
˫ۣһ̣۾֮з·Ӱ棬ĿⶴޣƷ
ţ

ᡣ
СӣҪ˭ʯҲһʵղž͸оʵڣ·ߵ״̬ھһɱ䣬ʯܷġ
һ
˵ģѵû֣Ѫ⡢ëôܣ
˵Ļָ޵ģ߾磬Ѫ֮ޱǿҲ˲ָԼϵơ
صˣָǿҲҪһʱȬȬлҪһЩҩԼǰ˳
԰ôͻȻֱһ
̷ҩ
Ǹо⣬ʱһЩͻȻƺЩһˣǾﲻһȴ˵
Ϣıˣô£
ͻˣ
ţڣ
Ǹ֪ɨ磬Ȼ֣ѾڵΪһڣͬǣڶ壬ǳڣĸΪٶȺܿ죬ᵽڶò˶á
˵֮ǰμһһֱΪϳԿôڣѾֲ൱һֲˣ
УСħҲڡ
ھٺһ˲䣬ڷƬȫںϣа֮մҲչ磬ټ֮ǰĻۣˮɡ
Ȼǲ֪ղŻõĺôȴԶԶǼ򵥵ô򵥣
ڸղŵϴ֮УھʼںϣƬꡢ֮ϢʣһȫĲͬˣ
˵֮ǰֻǲʮ⾳ôڣʮ⾳Ĵˣ
ϵϢͬݵĻͬϢȻܵܵԲơ
Щʮ⾳Ĺǲ֪
̨鶼һۿϾֻһ˿ķ̨л꣬ں޻ƬɵģԭϹŷ̨飬Է̨ʮ⾳⣬ȱݡ
ԼһչڻߵǰȻ̽ô
Ȼڹؼʱͻˣ
һΪˣ
ܿǧɣֲ
ǧʮӰһνһν¾ŵжʮһ
ʮһӰ鲼Χһʱ̣һɱ
ƾˣôԶĹϯҲܸ̺ܵĿֲ
ŵپѾǿ󣬺οǶʮһ
˶עոͻƾ磬ƺڷԡת䣬֮ض
µɸǿˡ
ǶҪʵǿ󵽺̶ֳȣôֵĶʮһ٣
ˡ̨ȻҵĻԵҶɹʮɣӦʮ취򡣡
ԶʮһٵһûгǹֱӽԼϵȫ߶£ӲʮһӰĳ
üһֱӲ
ӲҲû취ЩӰȻߵ̬һι֮ɢ⹥޷
ϯâ졣
ʮһȫ֮У
ꡢٶȳٵϴ񣬾֣ÿһֶӦٶߵ
ͻڣʵǿٳҲɡ
󣬲Ӱа֮Ӱٶȸ֣־֮Ҳն
ҵɱ㼸ʮϢʱ䣬ɢ»ָ
ԭľӨٶѣȫȾѪȫ챻ɢˣȴһ˿Цݣǧɸ߶ȵĴ٣ڱɹˣ
ԭѾעʧܣڹؼʱ̵ͻƣȴڵΪɹ˽٣ˣ˶ĺôٵϴ񣬴ʹڵʼںϡ
һ̨ԣĻԵȻɹʮʱĻԵ󣬵ҲԶ


1267 ·
Ȼͨ˾ǧɣ
ƲɵĵǶɣ
ʱ˵ܵǶܶȻ𺳣ǲ⡣ûͻڵʱ͹˰ǧɴ٣ͻ֮ǧɴ٣һǶҲ֡
֪˭˵׼ǧ֮ʲô
񻰿ҪƣȻֻǿܣҲΪʷǵһ̡
ʱ˿̣Ѿޱң˶ڷš
ϹŷĵӸ˷ĪǺʱԼˣȻгһܴ칬µ񻰡
ڷ̨ϣ纣һһһĻȴţԼھǧɸ߶ȣ
ֱۡŤţǵ죬ôλĹȫָԭ״ˡ
˿Ҳڻϣ˲أֻǼӵѾָòˣ
٣ҵսҲӽ̻սĽ׶ˣҲõϴҵ壬ûǡѪҵҲԶǳܼķһ̨ס
ȫʵǷ̨ĺôڷ棬Ա˵ʵǷ̨ǿѣ˵ȴǶԼɾʱӡ֤һĻԵ
ֻһĿģǾǵǶϵʵǣƴһ˿ʮף
Ϲŷ̨ųƵǶ̨ߣɷ񣬲ǿ̸ܸ˴ꡢϴ񣬴ٽ˾ںϡ
ڵĸ̫ǳϹŷ̨ǰȥ
Ʒ̨ȴҪ򵥺ܶ࣬ӵ̨һ⾳ʺ˻ᣬܲգ
һǰϵĲʵȽ
ǧ֮󣬲٣Ҳ֮һ翵
УоԼ·һȿռ䡣
ռ֮УһϢûиоġ
ûиоѹе֣˵ʮԽӦԽѲǡ
ѵռֻǻʵѾѾ˻Թ֮Увͷ־ò̫ܡ
̨ʼնᴩʮ⾳ߵĿҲڴˣǶ߾Դ
ڻʲôģһЩ֦ĩڵĶԴԶӦóٽʮ׵λá
ֵʱ򣬹Ҳɻ
úɰҿûʲôƵġһС˵
ɵˣһھĥѣֻ㿴ˣȥ̷ǣ
ԣ㿴򵥣ʵղҲ˱ȥһϢʱ䶼ס
ܶӷ׷ţһ˵ĵưǧɡǧɵĴ٣ѾúܶӶͶأ֮Ϊż
ȷʵӮߵĳݣΪĳͨģʥضǣȻȴȡ˳ɾͣǱ棬ѹ칬ˣ־ݵġ
ڳῡܣ֪Уһлվ̨Ϊ۷֡
̨һǧɵʲô
λϯϣʵЩҲԷ̨һǧɳ档
ȻΪֻ̨ں칬ڲʹãƽʱڵһȻżóһеĲҲʮףһǧɵʲô֪
ҵ֪һЩͻȻһ߿ڵһ˵ʱ˴˵Ŀ⡣
Ŷ֪ܳ
ţԭǺˣڹʥ£ǰҵһʦұѡ칬Ҳ̨Ȼûʮףȴ̨ǧɵ
һЩڵĴ磬ӦĴʥصӣб칬ѡĿܣ޾Ǳ˼Ҫħʼ칬̨һսܱ֮ȴˣħʼҲеĺˣħʼ칬ѡӵı׼ҪȺ칬߳
ߵں칬һǧҲеȥȻǶڲȥģһǧɵ˶죬ÿ˾Ķͬʦ˵δ֪˾һġ
Ŷ飿
һ˵׷ױȤ
ȻǷ̨ߣǷ̨ĺܶ˺ƿأҲǺ֮ģ˼Ҳ²⣬һǧɾĶ߱ĻԵص㡢־츳ǱѪԵȵؼһǧٹ֣޷Ԥ⡣ʱĲ
󣡣һ漰󣬶˲õ顣
ԽǱ츳ˣԽĹ棬̨һǧɣͻԽǳϵ飬ż츳˵̨һǧɳҲ֡ǧ񺣼¼ĺӣڵʱ̨һǧɣͳֹ󡣡
ԭˣ̨棡̲ס̾
ԣطѾǳĶˡ
ţѾ˷̨ǧһɵĸ߶ȣûгκ쳣״
СģȻѹСò졣
ĽܻģΪÿı䡣
ǧɣǧɣ
һһȲ
ֻʣ߰ˣһǶ̨Ƕһϴͳѣ
ʱһͻȻֲܵ־糱ˮһˢ
־̺֮޾ɱ纣Хһ
ôʲô
ȫעֲ־ԽԽǿ
գڻɱ֮Уضʧȥɫ
ǡһǰɱֲ̫ˣΪֲֹɱ޷
һ̣оԼ·ǫ̈̄ˣտǿգޱ޼ʡ
ģߣһȺɹˡ
ĿãԶҲһ˲ɴ˫ۡ
ǡ죡
ͫǾȻ
ޡ
һû˵ĺڷˡ
⥡ѡ롭
ٶͷ
Щ޲ϵıٱ󣬴ӰƴСһ˴СٵӴСɽСǵα󵽼ǧͬһСǣ
ÿһͷϣȻվˣ׼ȷ˵Ǿӡɫսףվ롣
ǰվŽ졣
ÿһͷϣһ죬Լľӡ
ЩӵʿһϢޱȿֲԾķ֣ԼȻκһʿĶ֡
ǡԣʥ
ʥʿʥ
һ㣬ĪЩʿѾ׷ԲԣƣȻѾͣӡУǶӸλ֮ڣǶʿ
ŵĿվʿǰĽ죬ǣͷ·棬һ޷ݵľηС
𣡡
ԺлʥΪΪ
⵽ôһֻ鰡Ҫ㾡ɣʲô£иֳѵǡ
٣
Ī뵽˲ӡ˵ش٣һʱ䣬


1268 Ӱ
ϹŴһϯսô
ͷⳡսĹģ֮о˶ıˡ
Ҫεȿֲսܻ
ʱ֮иֳһ޴Ͻɫ̨һߴӣɫվ̨֮ϡ
ֳһƽȨȣץһصĹӡһ̣վ̨ϵ·Ψһ
һˣʥɾӡ
Ƿ𣿡
ͷ
ʮǰ䣡
ǸӰԶһ˲䣬ȴ𣬿̫ǳһ㡣
󣬿ֲѹٲһֱããɱȣѹ֮УоԼ·һҶƼʱҪû
־Ƿ̨ļ䣡
𺳣ѾʣϹŷ̨Ƿ̨еĴӡǲӡ
ʮǰϹֶԿ٣վڷ̨ϵ
Ϲŷ̨ڴ֮ʧ٣Ѿػܵˣ𲻿ܵõϹŷ̨һƷ̨ķƷ
ӡ򱻷ѹһδ֪Ĵڣһѹʮ꣬޷󣬵ײӡ֮ѹʲôȻܴôã
дɻ󣬵ǴʱѾȥ˼ˣ̨ϵѹֲ̫ȵѹкϡ塢ꡢͬʱѹϴ
·Ҫ飬缸̮ǵվڷ̨ʱµѹ
ʥǿߵ۶ɵĿֲ־
¾ʮʱ䣬ºƵķֻ̨ȡԭ̨һƲл꣬ȴԳܣ
ѹ֮£ͷֱϵһ¡
ڷУǺصĲӡӲӡϴ䣬裬һϣɢ
֣ɫ£ûзһ˿ԣϯʱ˿̣ǵ۳ɿֲĺգ
ʱռ
֧ţȫѪܶҪѹ飬ȴһ
ޱȣ־ѹ֮£·һʹš
ھʲô
ʲôǿ
ܶӷ쳣Ȼڳĳĥѣ֮ǰǧɡǧɡǧɴ٣Ƕúȴȫ֪ʲô
̨һǧɣ˶죬ȻԹδǿһǧɣھʲô˵
Ȼ˼ѵģȻĽѣ
˵ڳͨڣλϯϵ֣ФӶ֪ʱ˿ھʲô
ʱһ̷·ޱȻ·𿴵ϯصĴս𣬿ǳ飬١ʬ֮Ѫ罭ӻ䣬ʥ֮иÿʱÿ̶š
龰çۻ롢ѹ֡ң
У޷壬ǿֲɱ־ȴ
ս飡
һս飬־֮·
ɫ־֮ɱײ
磡
ƽʱ־֮ɱһ˲䣬оʶ˺ѵʹϮȻûоʹ˰ݣžʹ־֮·ѹ֮£ȥ
ʱһһţһӣʱһʱʱ
Ӳƾһɲ־˷̨ǧŰɴ
ʱɫ԰ףȫˮʪ͸Ԫ͸֧־֮Ѿȫһ·Ͼ˺ĥѡ
ޱ񣬴ʱҲѾﵽ˼ޣȫƾһ֧ŵ
ָĥƣ촽ҧóѪˮ˫ۣ·Զȥˣֻҧأһǰ
ǧŰʮɣǧŰʮɡ
ۿҪǶ
һ̣еĹڶ
ҪǶˣ
˵һ̣ܾܿһֲĽѣ֮ǰǧɡǧɾĽһ
һɵĽѲ֪ʲôӣں˵ܷȥ
Ȼ֪֮ǰʲôǶóʵƾһǿˣ
һɸ߶پѣܱܿȾǧɵĽѸֲһζɹǲܵ顣
ھǧʱǿͻڴ漣ôڣͻ񺣺ڣֻʧܡ
ոͻڵҪͻ񺣺Ȼǲܵġ
ǧŰپʮˣ
ʱ̣
Ƕסһ̣ͻȻо̨ΧԪȻֲ޴ķ̨Ȼʼ·һڷ̨иա
нѣ
ʱĽѣôܿס
ǴʱΪеϧһɻнѣǷ̨Ѷʵ̫̬ˣȥġ
ʲô
ͻȻָŷ̨˵
̨ʮףһӰ
ޱȾڷ̨վһߴİ˵Ӱ˫֣վʱ䳤δԶţããء
ȻֻӰֵһ̣ȴ֮ͬף䣬ڳʮˣһҪĤݵĳ嶯ƯеФӣǱ㣬޷ַе״̬ˣ
Фд󾪣æһӡɳɣſסΣ½ֱ˵ϡ
̨ϿսɣǶ˵ФΪа취УڣӰǰȻɲˣβ
ǡ
ФתֻһӰƣһǿФ벻˭
Ҳ飬Ϲʮǰ˵Фӣ𶼲ʶԶŵ۶·ҵ˲ӡҲ֪
˭ÿµƣ̫ͬǳ
ֻӰˣֻﵽ̶ֳȣ
֪ѵǺ𣿡
ԲǺ𣬲֪һλϹߣ
Ƿ׷ۣڷ̨ϣʶģҲӰ
˲ʶȴ֪ˡ
Ӱվǰֻʮɾ룡
⡭񡭡졭𡭡
촽΢ǴʱѾˣֻǿŷѪ
ɫĸߴӰڷ̨ϻⲽߵ˷̨ıԵͷȥȴòֻϸܵһɺ嫺Ϣ·̤ã޾³Ӷʮʱ䣡
Ӱͷ˫·գôҲ
ԷȻ˽⣬ȴԵ壬ʮǰʷ
뿪ڽһǰȻȴ޷һ˿ʱĮȻ֣Ŀ̻ʲô


1269 Ƕ
ָջ֮ʱϽɫĹ֮켣һĹ֮켣ϣγһϽɫġ
һ£Ͻɫַ·ɢһħǵһ˲ݽȥˡ
ǡ

ָ̻ͣ˵һ֮󣬱̻ڶĵ
һֱ̻ȥÿһʶܻµĹ֮켣ӣƺ̺
ûаϢȫĽ
ʱ˿̣Ұֻ֮ʣЩصķģҲû
ʵڿ̻ʲôȴĸоЩޱȱ䱦̺ش£
һ̣ȫ˿״̬Χһж˵ʧȥ塣
ڹϯϣʮڹڣҲȾ
Ӱ˭ʲô
ӦϹŴڷ̨ϵӡǣ꣬ʮ಻ĥѵΪˣ죬ֱ󣡡
˵̨һ󣬺칬ĺӣ̨ǧ֮ʱͳֹҲ֮Ӱ̨󣡡
˼鰡˹֮ܣƺдЩʲô
ȷʵдʲôֻȫ壬ʲôסˣ
ǸЩּӰһһʵĿ̻̻ĹУΧ֮ƺŤʹǸ
֣Ƿģ˭дʲô
ܶ˶ƴ۾ƴ뿴ӰдʲôԽʹҰԽʣӰָˡ
ϧ

ǶĲµ̨ϵӰܿеٮٮߣµһӰ˿ֲѹ
ô֡ģ˵̺ĳشܼסǻǳ
ǿܲܿ
ѵӰרų֣ǿָģ
Ƿ׷ۣǾ£Ľ
Ͻɫ֣˿д£Ӱȫˣų̂ܿʮ׾ʲô
ЩĿĹâ֮УоԼ·ûˣĿţЩصķķԼ֮УһѪ֮Уһӡһַ硣
⵽׶ЩʲôϢ߶У
һ
һ̣âʧӰҲ֮ʧˣʵϽɫ㣬绨һƮɢ
˲䣬Щâ֮иܵһǿ־ƺһɲͲʡ
𡭡
ޱȸӣڷʧ˲䣬ǵصѹѾʧˣһлָ
ղŷʲô
֮ܵӰʧˣµķҲûˡ
ǲûпϽɫûһĻȫʲǫ̂һǧɣԭԤȫһ
ǱΪһοֲ٣ʧܣû뵽Ľ
һץŴֲޱȵķ̨һ
ʮɡɡɡɡɡɡ
ֻ͵ǶȻȴ꣬ÿһ̩ɽ
ʮס˺ע
һ̣ʱ·ޱȻ
ᶨ֣˷̨ʮ׵ıԵ
ƺþȫԼ建ȥ
ֱŵأ˫ȣڷ̨ʮףվֱ塣
̨ʮסǶ
һ̣оԼܵһĪϴվʮɵĸ߶ȣӲãأңǺӣ
ʱ˿̣ꡢ綼һ̵õɱ䣬ʼںϡ
ǶڵǶˣ
񼣣
ʮڹڣһȴûлǶ֮У޷
ʮϢʱ֮󣬹ϯˣ
Ƕ̨һľ콾
츳ǱɹδпܳΪ
ˣ
˿˵ĳˣָǱ棬̶ֳ̨ܵȣΪʵΪɹʮɣ־٣򲻿ܵǶ
칬վڷ̨ʮ׵Ҫڣȴ֪˵ʲôˡ
˼ʮϢʱ䣬Ż˵ΣӰǷô
ͷҲûмˣϢȴܸܵӦòˡ
ţҲܸܵһ㣬𺳣Ϲŷ̨ĲƬبʯڵķ̨Ǽˣ̨ҲͶӰǰӰʵѾˣҲ𶼲ˣ֪ǰ󵽵ڿдʲô
ޱȸпͬĳƺţʵûаɱԣߣʵѾķ롣
Ҳֻǿ˷ǰһֱʼӦʮ߷ɣлܰһЩϢʮǰһս
ʮ꣬ޱƾõʱ䣬Ȼɴ꣬кܶණʷĳ֮С
ͺñȣ˵ǽ꣬ôʮǧǰ飬˭˵οһ֮󣬺ֶܶˣԭʼ״̬ܶණ·չġ
һЩأҲ֮ʧʷ֮УҲֻһЩ֪š
ʮ죬üף׾ʲôԵܹӴʮ⾳Ϊĸı䣬򱻷ЩѾˡ
϶Ϸ̨֮ǰѾӴʮ⾳򲻿ܸ򵽡
ĵ˵ȷʵӦ̨֮ǰʮ⾳δΪԵأҲԼ͸ġ
һ㶣Լ͸ģôܣ֮£Ӵʮ⾳
пܵģ硭ͻʮɣڳϴʱ򣬽Ӵʮ⾳Ǹʱ򣬳֮Ļ֮ǰܹҲ͵ͨˡ
ΪĿǰе֮һԾʮ˽Ⱥǿ̫ˡ
𾪵ʮ졭ɣ
ԼɾɵʱҲֹʮ죬ʮԪơ
ҲͲɹʮɻʲô
˵δĳɾˣ
Ȼ˵ܳΪ֮һԶϾɾǵﲢȫɾǼ졣
Ϊȥֻ֮·𲽣̫֮ľ磬ЩҪÿһߺãҪڶԴͻԵۻܳɹ
Թ𣬶ôģ츳ˡԴȱһɡ
ܹӰĳϣǵõ˷ͣû´ʮ⾳ԭ˻ʮǰܻᱻӵġͻȻ˵Ǿ޵ľ


1270 ͥ
Ƕ̨ΪֹսƣһΣʱҹ
ҹ;̷һεҩ֮⣬ĶǿȻָ
ƣһֱһ̣;ƿݣһɵĸ߶ȣһĿ飬ǷӰĻʧܡ
ѾǵԼôӷ̨ˣһ˼ƣ˯״̬
棬ʮ˶ˣڷ̨һսϢͬѩƬһ㿪ʼӡ
ʮˣһٸ磬硢Сĸ߲ҪôųϣҪôʿҪôῡܡ
ǴϢٶԶһܱȵģһʱ䣬˼ҫ۵֣쳹ķ
Ȼһ˵̨ǶǸʲôǲΪ̨ԭͲ
صĴʣǶԱδ˽⣬οҲ٣ǽ칬Ϊ֪ľһٸһӵ
ôһһ鱦ж֪
̨ȻҲչڹǰǶʮǰʮǰˣôԶˡ
˵ͨʥصĵӣ֮ǰ޾Ҳ̨֪Ƕжôѡ
ܶˣֻ֪Ǹĵһʲô̶ȣȴ޷

һĴǧ磬ǾôӲĿٳĴ磬ݺȶﵽܴ½ʥħ½
һ߿ٳǧѾ˲ãοǿĴǧ硣
֮ⷽУһ񹬵⹬֮ﻨ㣬·Ұԭһ㣬ɺ֥Գ׹ȪȪͨˮ¶˺һڣ١
˼ɾ֮УһȺŮӣ裬һò欣̬ȣ˳ԡ
ЩŮӵΪȻڣ츳ȻȴǸŮŮ̷˿ǣʮŮ
ʮˣʲȻ˽ܡ
˵Ѿȫˡһ췢žƱЦ˵
ŶΣûг˼Ķ֣ں췢ߣһɫս׵һ߳ѣһʵ
ֿ˵ǧ羭ѡγǡ˼Ķ֣ǵҲ֮ˣҲǡˣ
ˣҲŵȵģǿͨ𣬳֮⣬ͬһĵӣҲеһӣĩĵӡ
յһĹĸеһӳٰһ䣬һ˵ٰܾһ𣬶ʵģҲҪǺļ
һЩٰһ䣬ôǵĴҪμӵһֻܲμӱ˾ٰġ
ʮˣΪˣͬҪͨԤ͸ֱӱԲμӾ
ȷʵ˼˼ģ˵˼׹ǸĵһѪ޻ĵһڶ⣬зͷʢģĵһڶǸųƿԸǹˡ
ǹǣ
ڳܶЦˣֻЩû˺ģ칬ǷĻԲûȴˣЦ
ЩˣĴһ䣬˰ΣţҲڵذһûǵ֮ء
˶Ǻܸ߰ģէһ˵˸ǹǣǵȻ
֮ǰ˵ȴβһǸĺ˵̨ʮף漣
껰䣬ʮŮУһ˲ľ
½ôˣ
̨ʮ׺ܿţ
ˣ̨Ǻ鱦ɣ㲻Ǻ칬ģ
ǽ½ӣ죬ɫףǺ칬ģ̨֪Ҳһֱ۵ĸ½Ϊ칬ĵӣȴ̵֪Ϸ̨ж̬
䡭ţֹǿţ½п񺰣Ȼμӵһ䣬ǿ϶ˡ
ҧҧ˵ȳԣһȥһˡ
½ķӦǣ¾ƱͻȥҪ֤ʵǼ١
˶һۣǴӶԷпһ˿ɻ֮ɫ½ķӦǲ̫˵㣿
Ӧô󣿡
ڷ̨Ҳ˵һ㣬̨ҪǱǱǣ
ҲţҪˣҾͿͷۡ
ԣʱ֪ˣǼȾơ

磬Ϲŷܲ
ϹŷڱǳʮֲĴƽʱϹŷܲгŸǿʥ֡
Щ죬Ϲŷ߶˰ٱֹ
Ƭնռˡ
õߣʵһȼԭʥ
ʥ벽żнǿߣ
һʥôʥ۷ǿߣнʥص齢شǶ˼ˡ
ˣӹɣǳġ
дʥֻϹŷģҲ֪ʲôôܼǣ
Щ˵УһΪ͵ˣǵʵǿĲڶѡЩˣȴϹŷһ֮һ㱻
Ƕ컯޼̵ġ
Ůӵĸǵǳϱˡ
Ϊ׵ĺˣΪ޼̽Щε˵ţƽʱҲݵϹŷƨǣЩÿһһţƣ˵ǵе˼ҵĸ඼һԼʮ
ˣ˵ˣǼϹŷĸ߲㣬δֻܼܼʲôʹ̷ϡ֮ġ
ȷʵⳡ棬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ǿ֮ܣǳʶˡ
϶ŸпһԣĬʱʮָӵģʱҲ֮ӣСŵĹ⻷˵ĳݣڣǸЦˡ
ҪŬȻ̫ܴﵽ̶ֳȣгһգ޼ΪҶͥУ
սȭͷ¾ģȻʵϣԹ򣬲֪жߣǶʱֹһ¹ƵľģȻʵֵģȴǷëǣܶڳɳ֮ǰˡ
֮·пޱȡ
Ϲŷʱ򣬿ν죬̫ϳϣϹŷ峤кЩͷöˡȻͽϹŷģһǸĴҲˡ
к˵ͬʱЩģΪԴӻ֮󣬾Ȼһ˯ѡ
ڣѾʮˡ
ʯ䵣ģ˯̫ˣԭ
Щһֱ̽Ȼȴȫûн
ФӶһˣȻҲ鲻Ȼ˵ƣ͹ȵĻʵǽͲͨĻָȻ˵ġ


1271 
ϣܶżأͷۣ
ϹŷҼԻʯ˵
ڱչظ̨⾳һŲǰȾǵŰɣ
Ϲŷ岢˯ϢɢȥһЩõӰ죬˳ڣۺ졣
Щ˱ıûУҥȴһѺ֣ʵû£Ҳ£ſϹŷЦ
ЩˡΪչصĽѣȻϲ˵ʵḹǼӴ󡣡
ģһЩʥͰ벽ôզզأǴô
ʯЩˣֻнǿſĽһ¡
Сӣ֪ڸʲô
ʯЩܻȷʵż˵˯ȥܵһг̣ڷ̨ʲôˡ
̨ԭޱꡢʶʲôˣǿ֡
ʮˡ
ڳ˯·һ߳ΣεԼصʮǰϹսŰǿУɱΪһʱľӢ
ڼ䣬Ѱؾʵͻƣֵܽݣµţâ
Ϊɣ̤۷壬䣬Կش١
һս
һĻĻޱʵг˲֪£Ȼѣŷ֣ԼһſĴϣȫѾˮʪ͸
ߣŮӣϲӵĿ
ŮգޱϤǧ
һ£ԺһƬ磬ǣ
һʱ䣬ʱմңֲЩξЩʵֻΪ֮ǰ̫ʵˡ
ˡ
ִ硣
ǧϲѾ˯һˣڼ䣬Фڵ߲ﶼФҲ޷˵ھʲôֻ˵ľ֮ޱȻԾӦûʲô󰭡
ûʲô󰭣ȴһֱ˯ѣǧꡢܲģһֱߣһֱڣ
Ķ
Ϲŷִܲ磬ӷ̨ʮ֮󣬾һֱ˯Ѿ˯һˣ
һ¡ͷȻѾ˯һˡˣ
˯һ£ȻܿԼޱϤٻӰĪӿһ顣
һ־ΥоνܰҸ
Դ̤֮·ȷʵĲˣ궼ɱսжȹžվ
Ȼϲսðգǳˣȴܼѹ
˯ѣŮӰŵϤϢ֮һĪģҪйӿͷһѽǧӵ뻳Уӵš
˵￴á
ûжҲûŮ֮⣬ֻһֱ׵Ļȴǧһᣬˮ̲ס
ǲԸϣУľȷʵԽԽԶˡ
һָ߲ʵĸо£Ůڼʱ򣬲ɱĻһΪȱȫжµľнһ̣ӵȴһ˿µİѩһڡ
ôģ
ӵܾã˷ֿһʵ
⣬ǧ궼ǸеᣬǶѾһ꣬·ת˳ļ򻹲֪Ҫá
ǧ½Ѿȹˣ컯˵İϹŷѾȶȡΪĴ֮һˣʵѾ̫Ҫˣǲ½ȹ
ǧһ˵ӶŮжǵ˼
ǲԼԽԽԶһֱ½磬֮ĲֻԽԽʵΪ롣
ܴ½ߣֹ񺣺ڣ񺣺ѣδȴġ
֮⣬һϢ֪ܰģϾǿ߸ʲô㲻ϣҲǿԱʱֻɣţ˻ɱҲֻһգ۵顣
ۺ֣ǱˣеĹǲûҲ뵽ؾֿѡ
ˡ̾һ
һ䣬ȷʵڸ鷽ʧȥࡣ
ʵϣǺһģкܶš֣Ƕ顢ѾѾˮ
Щ֣꣬ǧǳĸͬǾֻһЩֻƽôǲȡֶӳĸĸҲ꣬ʮ꣬Ҫȥ
ӸˣЩÿһʱвͬӣΪǵĳɳٶʵ̫ˣûܸǡ
ʱܻȥܽʶСħ֮ŮƽţʱֻǲݸνʶǵŮӣ
˰֮⣬Ů֮ҲǵޱȣֵŮܴﵽλŮҲѻǸĸ۰ŮΪݣŮǶţȴˡ
ö֮һЩγˣҪôһ䣬ĹҪôǹ檣ŮȺ
Ůӵԣòֿǧ㷢պϹŷɣ̫ϳϸǰš
ϹŷԴǧֻ󾳽粻սĻǧѡ
ܶҪءǧͻȻ£˵
ʲôˣ
Ҫǳ͸ʥؼҲġ
ҡҡͷһڷܾԽԽʱҪޱȱ


1272 徫Ѫ
Яǧ߳䣬ʱ򣬵õϢĻʯĸˡ
Сӣ˯ˣЩҼ
ʯһļϣҪһԪϵߣûԪ͵ñһƴùˡ
ʯҲʦͽϵϹŷܲʱദܳʱ䣬ѾǳϤʯĸоͲʦһ֮ĺѡ
ϣ֮ǰ̨ʱƣԲ˯ôãˡ
ˣһףЩ˯Ĺе׾ʲô
ǻʯһֱĵ⣬Ф˵֮ޱȻԾȴ޷֪ھʲô
һܳΣεҵ龰֮⣬ҸоԼꡢ塢綼еõһЩϴ񣬶һЩĸҲˡ
ڻ֮ǰξֱǾһһ㣬Խʮǰ齨칬£Կ٣بŲ
ÿһǲ׳ޱʵڻɣǷһʮǰǷļ䣿
ꡢͬʱ·ӡǣЩӡгʮ취֮⣬Я˷һּ䣬Щ䶼ξʽ֪ˡ
ξΪԼǷԲųִԽʮǰϹʱ飬ֽΪ
Ϊش١Ϲŷ̨ȵණ¹ش󣬿ǣأûиʯϸ˵ֻǰξһ
СӣοΪϹŷĳˣӲ˷̨ʮףȥˣˣݣҲһЩѾȷһ˵Ĺŵӣ˭ȴܿ϶
ԭһ˵ͼأЩ칬ִһǻ֮ܽ⣬һЩʿ֪
ο˻ǳǰ˵ʯǴ֪
ͷʵв²⣬û˽̣ûԴһûκθҪɳ˵޲ܣҲǸãԲƵ顣
ôСĺˣûһʦȴȳɼǳѽʯЦţһļ򣬡ˣһ£峤Ҫ㡣
峤
һ£Ϲŷ壬峤Ȼʯᣬ峤֮ϣ峤Щ峤峤֮չǱ޵ЩϹŷĻʯʵȻʯҪǿࡣ
ŻʯϹһƬƬ¥һɽɽ
ɽ֮ϣŻͩƷ˵֮ͩ䴩ֵͩľͷһĴ峤ǵıչ֮ˡ
վͩУһĻʯҲ飬һ񣬶ŴӻʯѾˡ
ţɣ
һϵͻʯ˹֮С
֮ڣȫɳɫĻ죬һһŮϣеݣһͷŮЦݴ飬ɫۣϵϡֱܷʱ򣬶ȻһŮ
°ɣߴһӣЦ˵
νһΪ˿Ϲŷ˲ţڶҲǸҪһ㣬Ϲŷ壬жҪ㡣
˵ŴֽóһУĸţֶͬɸİһ㣬Ȼ߶ʮ䰮
ѵǡʯ۾һɣѾ˲²⣬ɳزϹŷ˵мֵĶҲֻһˡ
߸˺þãص³һУóһ͸ƿƿ֮УװСƿɫѪҺжʮΡ
ǹŷﾫѪѾһЩ²⣬ǿôŷﾫѪʯ𺳣ƽŷﾫѪĴָһֻǿһζ𣬼ʱôࡣ
ŷﾫѪϹŷ˵󣬳峤֮⣬Ǹ峤̫ϳϣδܵõһ
ڣȴһԸôǶϹŷϵĿˣ
⡭һио̫ˡ
Ϲŷѹ׵ıԼĻպŻԴš
߿˼˵ģϹŷŷﾫѪɵĴĳɣʮεӣպʹãЩҲˣģ°ɣԴȹڵΪȡڵһһϯ֮أ
̨ҪǱ̨Ҳǿʮ⾳ʵսĻ̨øߵģʵսһǿǸҲƶÿһ㶼Ҫһֲ̨ܼĹֻսǿʵΨһ׼
Ҳܿ϶ߵһ
ô˵ذǰõһ䶼Ӧû⣬ʱóŷﾫѪһΪպĳɳڶҲΪھзӵøȽһЩ
ţôõ¶
ʯЩԥһĺϡ
ֻ߹ȥĽӹ˾Ѫ
˾ѪȷʵãԴ֮ڵѪŨѾ˷Ѫ˾Ѫһ£Чá
ֻװ˶ʮη˾ѪСƿޱȳأ˾ѪԶһѪҺǧ򱶡
лл峤˶ˡ
ûйֻǼ򵥵һŵѾǳˡ
֪֮ļᶨޱȵˣ˵ĳŵһǧ
óϹŷɵĿ棬ΪľϣϹŷ壬ܹպΪʥأǿ
ãȥɣܾµʱ䣬һûʯ㣬ʱ㽫ЩŷﾫѪúõˣȻͳȥɡΪĪӦ˵ѾϹŷЩܲĵزˣϹŷ˵ȴ̫Сˣ˵ֻǣպҪǣﻹһҡ
Цݴ飬ҲΪϿң˵ĸоʮУһ˵ӽǣ
ţãҪսϣذ˵ѾûʲôѶˣҲ˵Ȼܻפ칬ʸᣬҪúðգ칬ȡ˳ɼϹŷҲҫ
ף˵
ˣȥɣûʯŷﾫѪӣϹŷҲչˣͰİɣϹŷԴǲ⣬ʱǵഺҲ㹻ˣʱѾǽеٮٮߣ㷴ǣˡ
ߵĻȥĺ֮ǡ
һֱŶŮϹŷչʲ


1273 ڴ
һƬĴ½½֮ĴŰɫҽƯһſŻ׾沼ɿӣĿꡣ
վϣгζϵԪŨ˼㣬Ҫڿȼ
ϹŷܲõأΪ֮ء
ôطɣߣʯٺЦ
õطͷһϹŷıƸˣƽʱǸ峤̫ϳʹõģܽʱ䲢ࡣ
⴦Դʱս磬֮ʱʮһһµһ꣬ʮ죬ĸµʱ䣬֮ǳȥ磬Ǿʱոպá
Ϸˡ˵
Щûõģ²˳٣ھͿʼɣ
ʯ˵ţó˹ŷﾫѪСƿŷﾫѪʯ۲ԼûִܹģȴһնʮΣ
ŷﾫѪԽˣЧԽãǴʱʯϼһչŷﾫѪҲû̫ˡ
ݳѽҲСӳɳڣٻԵƱݳ޵ʱС
ʯýֺͷҲ֪ȻѰޱĵرѾ˽ʹˡ
ֻЦЦûлش𣬻ʯ˵Ĳ˵ģǾͱȹŷﾫѪΪ
ʯָһСƿʱ鿪粣СѪ򻺻ƮǶʮιŷﾫѪ۶ɵġ
ŹŷﾫѪĳ֣Χ֮ĻϵԪ˲
ЩϵԪСѪγɳɫУ̶ƾȼס
ǿķ̾ѾǵһչŷﾫѪˣ֮ǰյֻһΣһնʮΣоȫͬ
ܿڹŷﾫѪѪΧռ䶼΢ŤǹŷﾫѪ̺Ӵ֮£
Щ֮޷Կ̵Ĵ಻֮ͬʱΪ㣬ȫѧϰޣ޳֮ʱַѾǵѪ֮УΪһ֣ȫµκβλο⻹˷ȫľѪ
׼ˣһߣһԳܶʮιŷﾫѪֱӾͻᱻ̺ĿֲϵճɻңĸӦò⣬ֻҪЩˡ
ʯ˵ţȻ֣ʳָָͻȻޱȷһ͸ĻԪ̶͸ʵƤ⣬һ̵ֱ࣡
˫ޣˣڻʯ£ҲǴֽһ㣬ױܴ͸Ϊ޴ľѹơ
׼ôһὫ˾Ѫֱֲ࣬Ѫȫֲ뷽ʽףҪܴܺĸɣΪ˾ѪǺصģ
һη˾ѪҪʮη˾ѪԼѪ֮УҪһޱǿࡣ
׼ˡͷԼʮġ
ã
ʯָһ˾Ѫһɫ磬˲ûڣѪ࣬ͬȼա
һɲǾ͸оصľѪľ޴󸺺ɣͣ
Ŷݼסſ
λֱ࣬ӳܷ˾Ѫ
ŵһɲǣȫѪ죬ģγ˷˫Ӱ࿪ʼص
ˣˣˣ
صص֮䣬ͬһ졣
ʯһԿţһ㶼Ϊģֹ֪̥նʮιŷﾫѪоգǿȼֱ˲š
ˣˣˣ
ԽԽٶȴȻһϢʱһ£ÿһѹѪȫ

ԪХĻϵΧγ˻ϵԪ硣
ѪϵıѪ֮Уǧ˿ȫͬʵʻĻת
һɿ͵־֮һ̣ĸ֪УΧһжʧˣ·𿴵һֻ޷ˣһ֮ϣԡȼա
һ޷ݵľ
ɹ׾ۻ룬ľ޴֦ܳһСǣһƬҶˮ϶ܳΪһ޴ĵ죬ĸϵ͸ޱȵҽǺ֮Уȡ
һͩһͩܽһֱڲȫɣ
֮ͩϣ峤ǧķϢڴˡ
ǧˣϣԡ
һֲ̣Ļϯ綼˻𺣡
ЩĩһľյĶʮξѪЯ޷˵ļ䡣
Щ֮У̺ŷ
Уһ̣·ɷˣԷ˵ӽǣãã𺣣Ԫ֮תĿ΢۵ĽṹɵϢ
龰֪˶ãȻӻ״̬˫ۣһɲǣзлȼա
Ļϵ֮ǰ֮УѾȵĽ𾳽磬ƽɡ
ʮͷ䣬ĳһϵУﵽ˳̶ȵľǷëǣȻӵнֶε˲ڴУķ̶ȱǿ
ˣһζ죬ĲΪҲڴɣֻҪһʱǾڶˣ
ʱ򣬻ʯһֱߡ
һǻߣڿзڷ裬磬ȻѾٴչΪѾ˷ٷչڣ֮ǰĻ̫ˡ
ãҾڶ壬ȥμһľ
ʱսڣѾȲҪȥʶЩǿУЩ죬Ҳ֪ĴˣڣǿıΡСħɶĵӡ


1274 
Ƴ˵ʱ򼸺ûµĸĸʱһζ
óˣ
ǵ˫ۣɽվһĹĻ棬תΧγֻϵĤݡ
ĻϵѾǵ⾳ɣΪҲѾڶ壡
Ȼ˵һһٵʱ磬ʱ䣬һͻ񺣺Ҳ⣬ɸȡ
ͷҲֻΪˣˣװ˷Ǳ
ŵĳɳǼ򵥵ıչؾ͵ģҲֻЩһ翨ϼһǣŻǧʱչؿȥһż
ȻЩˣպҲнˡ
ãܲʯ˵
ʱȫʵҲﵽ˼ʢĶ㡣
ĸʵӹ̣ȲҪһսˡ
ҪԵ򾭹ɸѡѡһţһţһǴǰ֮е֮ӣƽʱóһ˳ݣĵľ
ڣۼô࣬ҲԵϡˡ
Щ˵Уһ붼Ѿڷĵ⾳Ȼվڵ⾳еģȴ֮١
֮⣬ǵĸԪ̶ȣԶһܱȵġ
ҲֻţܼĶ־ڵʮǰ㹻İսʤ
Ȼʮǰ
ʱոտͫʵδЩ죬ǱޣʵȻɿ졣
ԽˣȴԽǸеսڡ

ϹŷܲסУǧ궼ڵϹŷ峤̫ϳϣ¶ƽˣһͬǰֳ
ƱҪǸŰٱǸһƱ컯ְƷ̾ھϹŷ壬ҲֵܷƱˣһЩһʥأһƱС
ɣ
ʯһӣ˶齢һУҪµʱ䡭

ĳδ֪ռ䣬һŻϡ
һĺߣϥһµ߱ǿգӰɪ
ߣǰ߱ʦˡ
ˣΪʦǧ磬ǧѰҵɫţҪǣʺΪʦͫΪʦƽһжѾڸ㣬ڷ̨Ĵܣ㲻÷ϣǲΪʵԽ㣬ΪǰѾͨʮ⾳̨ԭмơ
ĳ˵̨ͫȡɣͬˣȡɳ̶ȱˣһǧɣһܵǶ˺칬ļ¼
СΪһЩżȻĻԵ˷̨칬еĵӣȴһҲʲôȡɵֶΣڷ̨ǰȻɳꪡ
ȥɣȥ̨ȥһǰ
ͬķ
ǣʦ
վ˫Ŀ任Ųͬɫʣ̺˰һ㡣
һµʱ䣬Ҳ˼ı仯
ΪѾ񺣺ڣ
ԭѾڶͣ㹻ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ͻ񺣺ڣˮɡ
֮⣬ķ⾳Ѿڵ⾳ԲԵ⾳һ˿˿ģĸӦ
ȥԾף
ҪעεĵӣһŮӣΪʦʱ򡭡ʵǿ
ʦǿһӡʦѾǷ꣬ȻŲǳΰʱʵ޷жǿҲʦҲǹ
£ȻԼʦǿ
ֻһǧʦǿ̫ˣδһΣθӵĵӣε飬Ȼνٰεһ䣬ҲΪñһĻᡣǧһξٰһ䣬ôοҲǧɫĵӣɼεķˣ꿪ͫҲһս֮ڡ
˵ҡҡͷĬĬսȭͷ֪ʦ޵ķʸʦͫųƿһУǷģĸоδʱ֮ӵ
ҲǿĶ֣ԤУЩ죬˺ܴĽ˴ˣоԵ˫ʱŲǵ컯
ͽ֪
ȥɣȥμӾɡ
ǣʦ


1275 
磬һǿôٳĶ硣
һ޴̨̨ĵȫƸִ죬һЩبʯҲӲȵĵһǳۡ
̨Χڹڵĺΰ̨ǿ̨߶Ⱦʹﵽʮ⿴̨Фӽʱ̨ȴҪС˺ܶ࣬ҲƱ˽ŵԭ
ھ̨֮⣬һȺĹƬÿһǾϸֺ룬ǧŵסˡ
һµķУմŲƣ˺ľء
Ǻ磡
齢ֺԪҪȳ硢綼ӻңҲŨң
˵רصǲӰ죬һЩݸߣֻģӰ൱
ںҪԪתӼѣϰ˼ȥôɾҲߡ
ʯ֮ǰѾ칬ĸϵˣȷǵסʮŹ
պ칬İţǰʮŹǸ׼ģҲϵӡ
ʮһŵʮŹǸĵһפ
ʮһһֱһǧţͬ칬ӣˣ칬ĺĵӣЩ˴һЩʸ˵ĵӡ
ܶѾ꣬ǧ꣬ǵУεҲͨܶǴһЩﵽ˰벽
Щ˵൱࣬ĵһӣʥĵһй֮޲
һ칬ǳֲдˣеӣǵĵӻеӣԼμĳ̶׾ˡȻЩ˵дΧԱӴ칬ĺġ
ʮÿһɸѡˣܹǾǧˣϾŰʮ칬ĵӣʮ״ӣһˡ
ǰѡֵľסǽȥˣڴ˷ֱɣһУʮҵʱ䣬ЩʱҲ̫רעˣֻҪ̬ͺãʵķһ£ȥʶһš
ڵʵѾﵽһƿʮʱ䣬ȷʵԸıʲôҪȵͻ񺣺ڣҲҪʱ䡣
á
Ҳʶһǡ
ʯ˷ֱ֮ǰסһƬ룬һĹ㳡㳡֮ϼ˸ʽĽо¥Уиֳ۵ҩĵ̡
߽һҵ̣Ķ۸ʮְ󣬲Ҳǳãĵ棬ͼĶȻЩĳɳԲߣϾһļֵ͵ڼʮϰټƷʥ
Ҳ֮е飬һߣдǰʵ˼ɢ֮⣬εĳǴʥأôܿһļƷʥ
ֵϣŴῡܣ罣ѪжԵòôˡ
ɨһۣа̾Ƽʵʮ׳ۣÿһ˶ǹ̥Щ˵дֵע⣬ҪҵвļˣΡ

ͻȻ˽סһһһµߣЩӡǸϽ̨ͣʮһ׵ʱʧܣʵŵ壬޾ͽѪ
Ͻͣ
ԣͦģĸ磬һǰˣЩضʵǿ˰ɣĽ
ϽѾ񺣺ڶΪһڣҪʵûߣֻܾĸ򣬼µʱ䣬ܸ٣
ָϤɣߣҴȥȤĵطﳣһЩ˳ûӦȤʶһ£ֻЩ˲ֵľ֡
Ͻ߰ĿǶ̨Ϊ壬Ҳ˽ύ֮ģϽͽҲǴ伶ʶһ֣˵޺
áȻӦд⡣
Ͻʹһ𣬴ü֣ƹһȺһ㳡֮Ƽ˺ܶˡ
㳡ῡܣŮ֮Уһ޴ˮ̨ˮ̨ϳֳɫ
ʲô
ǲԷõģǽҲԲߵķ̶ȣ֮ǰҪܶ౶
ϽͽţȻ˵Ȥȥ֮һˡ
΢΢һܲԷ̶ȵķ
ߣҴȥ
Ͻ߹ȥˮ̨һΪŲɫʣֱǺȻϺڰףÿһɫʶӦһ㷨⾳
߹ȥʱһߴˮ̨ˮ̨ǰĲ㶼˸ųĿĲʹ⣬ֻʮʵһ£Ѹ
Ĳ㷨ޣǿ˵⾳ǳˡ
ڳĺܶˣ޷˵ؼ£ܷ򵽵⾳ж١
֮ϣÿһ㣬˲õĽˡ
ʦֺģղȥ칬ĵҲ
⻰˵ģƾʲôǲǵʦǴҲǣιźǰģǰʮţÿһʮһʮţ칬ĺĵӣǣǰǿˡ
ԣЩ칬ĵֲʲôˣͽյͽܶѣƾʲôǰ棡
ҪǺÿһα칬ӵݣֱǷʵ涼ٻѡ
ȺΧۡ
ʮָ߰칬ĺСܴһϿں칬УӺͨӵλĸߵ͡
ԭ칬ĵӣʥصĵӾԺദ칬ĵԴһԽУʥصĵӣǻм֮ģΪźŵ飬ȻһЩ˵ĸ̡
١һȺûˣŴôɼմմϲ湻׳յġ
Ⱥ֮УһͻȻŭĿӣ׷תͷȥȴ˵һ£ؿǿմصĻռǣǺ칬ӵı־
칬ӣ
ĵӣ״ӣ
ԭЩụ̋ǷŭޱȣԶ칬ӣȴеˣΪԷʵ̫ǿˣ޷ƥеĸо
ʲôбȥһԣҪվ˵󻰣ʥصĵУ˲ĺ
֪ǲȻˣǿۡ
ǵ˵űȺ룬İһʽһƴſռ䷨Ĳ·ˮǰĲ㷢˳Ŀҫ۵Ĺâ㣬Ҳʵһ£˴żϢ֮á
֤Էķ⾳ģĸо⾳ǿ˵⾳ż޾Ҳǲ֮䣡
޾Ǵĸ֣̥Ǵһڳųɾŵ˶ǿ


1276 ΣСħ
칬һӣ״ӣͼﵽ˸һˮƽڳܶῡܶʱ˵ˡ
˭
ղųԵļʥصӣɫǵЩ졣
ǻûŪǺ칬ӵݣֻ˻һֻ֣з𵭵ĳɫâһƴˮ̨ϡ
һǿռ䷨򣬶һֵǽϵ
ˮ̨һιâҫۣǰĲĹâ˵ҲʵһϢʱ䣬ĽϵȻȿռ䷨Բһ㣬Ҳǿ˵⾳żˡ
ַޣҶǵĲ⾳ԲͻƵ⾳ľ磬ԣʱڳĺܶ˳ûƢ
칬ĵӣ۾ɨȫͷ­΢΢𣬶֮ǰսˣǳɫȴ޻˵Ŀ֮£Ƕ˶ˡ
Щ˶Ǹţһ䣬Ȼ˵һˣ̨ܹϷһѣڵһ仹ûʼأǾͱ˳׵ĴһΡ
ԻʦǺӣǼסˡ
Ǻ칬ӵ˵Ǻϯӣ벽ΪټϺ칬Դ֧֣̳ͽܣʵ֪ˣܹ˫ط⾳żҲϡ档
ܶҧгݣȴѹ̧ͷ״ǱȲҲˣ칬ĵӶҪѹһͷ
ٺ٣˵ʵʮĵһǰ棬̧ˣ֪㣡ԻЦ˵⻰ȴϽüͷ֣һۿβˣҲһ˽ȥ
Ǹһʮ֮ǰԻô˵Ȼһˡ
ȥɣ֮ûʲô壬ɼۣҲӰ쵽һܳɼĸ֣гֵġ
εһĺܶߣһЩˣһ˵⾳Ǽ򵥵Ĵżô򵥣
Щˣȴûгֵġ
Ͻ͵ĶԻûʲôܻ䣬ԻȻˣЦһ˵ţƺģ̨ɣжٽǴԲѣ
ԻƵ˵ڳ˶ʱ⼸ٸ˵УȻĵӣһ۾ϳ
ǲ𣿡
ԣһˣ
һڶǾţ
ܶӣ֮󣬶г
ˣоǺܴ󣬶˵һء
һ𣿾
ƸĵһѪࡣ
˵ţˮ̨֮£ԻˣһһѾǵͨ죬֮ǰͨĽʥصһޡ
㡭ǡ
Իһڿˮ˵е㲻ˡ
Ǻ칬ӣ̨ʮʲô
ĵ˵Ƕ̨ҲǸоòƺԻǺ칬ӣĿһһޱǿĺ״ڷ̨ǰɳꪣʮһǧɶȥ£ܵǶʲô
һʼԻ֪ϢǲţȻʦ֤֮ȴ֪ϢĲ档
ȡˣбﻤҲãǱӹɣԲܱȵģΪʮ׶ȥ
֮󣬿֪
ԣϽ˵΢΢ֶ֪Ժ칬ӵĳ
Իɫܲڣǰûţ˲ҧҧ˵ʦֺ㣬̨ɼȷʵ죬ȡ˰ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵̨Ϳķܷȡƾ˱£ܲҵԼˡ
Իһ仰»ȥˣ޻˵ˡ
ôϷ̨ʮ׵ģֻȡˡ
ɴˮ̨֮ǰ˵̫ԼԼԻо޹⡣
ʱ򣬳ͻȻ
һЩ˿ʼһһЩҲ׷ȥ
ֻһȥʮŮɫȹ˹һҹһ㡣
ڣٲһֱ䣬һ˫۾ͬӤޱ
ڳˣʱš
Сħɣ
ħʼ칬״ӣҲħʼֱϵˡСħɣ
ҪϢǣСħߣһذ׳ȹŮӣĸȫɢһʥַϢֻǿһ۾Բλࡣ
Сħһ֣ǿŮӣҲ֮ˣǾǱӣ


1277 ڷ֮
СħɡΣŮӣʱڳһԲλĸоŮӣݡʵ˸оңɼ֮ǰΪźŶ΢ʵĽӣҲû˭״ǰʮģʵ̫ԡ
β˵һֱǧյӡ
Ѿεļ֮һƽյɫʵ֪
һֱΪ˵͵ӵеʽһԣ֪
Сħɣ̰棬Ƕʵ˽⡣
ԤѡСħɵĿֲģνǧ磬СħңƲɵ
⻹ȫʵʵҲԴ⡣
ǾСħɺͱΡ
ŶŮĿޱ
СħɣȻֻΪԼһ
ڱӣ֣εΪ
·һģ壬˵磬ݣҲƺһõɴ֮£˿
ߣϽͶ˵֣ʮأڹڳϴηòô
Сħɣ˵һЩȻƲʲôܣҲ˶֪ġ֪ЩϺһĶûˡ츳Ѿ˲ĵز
Ͻ˵ţƺĻû̫⣬֣Σ츳ǿѾе죬Сħɱ»˲ٵġ
ŶЩϽͣϽͿСħɵ츳Լǿܶࣿ
̨ҪǱ̨Ȼȡһ㣬ǺʵһǣǱѾɨ칬ļʮˡ
ΪϽͶԼ˽⣬ΪԼСħɲôһ㣬֣Ͻ˵ǣСħɲ˲١
ЩˣȻСħ֮
˵
Ͻ͵֣֪һЩܣҲĵƣδĳɾһ󣬲СħĲһЩʵе˵һ㣬СħɵСֻܶ࣬жʮꡣ
ʮ꣡
䣬ȷʵסˣʮڣΪ䴫ȥֱţ
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СħȻʵӹɣǷ򣬻ǸԶͬˣ
޷ʱôá
ķӦϽ͵֮У˵СħݳɾͣΪϵѪĸײ࡭
Ͻ˵ţ΢΢һĸײࣿѵħ壿
򣬳֮⣬Ŀʮϡ٣ħľħ塢ħ壬ֻƼ磬Ŀ˵ֵһᡣ
ӡУȻħʼųħʼôСħɵĸħҲ֡
Ͻҡͷħ壬壬˵Ҫһ˵Сħɵĸףһֻڷˡ
Ͻһ˵˾סˣڷˣޣ
ӡУľǻڷˣڷξмڵ򣬿Ѿˡ
ⲻص㣬ԭǸ޶ԵȵģʵҪԽޣħʼ칬ޣʷǰޣ֣е˼ȻܻûˣǸ֮ôϣҲк
˵޸࣬޸֮䣬ҪһΪѣԽǿԽѷܣƺȻڤڤ֮еƽ⣬ҪڵôɨǷǳ򵥵顣
£޸֮䣬ôк
֪ϽΪʲô˵Լ츳Сħˡ
ԭطĳǵȫ¶Ǳжķġһֻ޳Ҫͻнʵ
ȻӦģҲȱ㣬ǾӵеķһͻˣӰҲǵѧϰ̫ˡ
ǣܽ޽ϣͬʱ̳ѧϰ޵츳ǽжֱֲ޷
СħɻħʼֱϵˣĸҲȻǾôܵõûĴࣿ
Ǿĸޣүүеٮٮߣ
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˵Сĵһ֮ŮҲΪ
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ֲãСɶʮ޵ڵͬʱ̶ֳܽȣЩ򣬶ѾһʱԿ˰ɡ
ȻСħɸͲԼֳɵģˣȲ࣬ȷʵ˾ɥ
ǰټħʼ칬ԴʹУǱȲˡ
ϽҲԵĽСħǰԼĿ˵һֻˣ̫
㣬öˣأСħɿôΧˮ̨ΧЦţ¶һԼС
ڲԷȡƮƮ˵ͬѩɽϴƮ
ףô¡Сħɸ磬ûҲ棬ν㲻ô
Сħ˵ţ΢΢һЦˡ

Сħ˵ȺȥԷĸСħóλ
ȻСħޱ⣬ӣڳ˶ǵɴ۾סſСħɵı֡
һվڽ
վˮ̨ǰСħɲûκ׼ֱӳˣһƮƮӡһ˲䣬СħһƺףۣȻһƺȼʱˮ̨ǰ㶼˸Ŀѣ⣬·Ҫըһ㣬㣬һ˿磡
ԴԲ˵⾳
龰ڳ˶˵ˣһţܴ⾳Ѿ˲ˣСħɾȻֱӴ⾳ݷȣ
̫ǿˣϽ߸пⷨȣ˦ʮֻ֣Ǵﵽ⾳ɶѡ
Сħ־ʹﵽȳ̶ȣӦûûȫ棬ԶԶȲҡͷķѾˣǱСħ̷ʵ˲١
СħɶɼûʲôӦȻЦţν㣬Ҳ԰ɣ
ȫһļƣԱ˵ǿݣˮ̨Сħ˵ֻһ߰ˡ
ЦЦҡͷˡ
ðɣνҲ̫ˣȥȥǱߡ


1278 ʼ
СħʦãĳͶأ
Сħ뿪ʱ򣬺ӵĵԻЦӭԻʦãһѽ
˭ѽ
СħƳԻһۣȻûȤԷӡ
º칬µӡ
ԻʦĴȻʵûСħɵʲôȤֻǵġŶһֱϱӵĸ첲һ뿪ˮ̨
ԻһˣűȭƣʮΡ
ʵʼգСħɶûж࿴Χ߼ۣĸоСħȻԻãͯδĻúͯҲֻϤˣİˣ˵츳ʵΪͨİˣȴǷǳ߰ġ
СħԷֻ̨Ϊ˺棬ƽʾԼ˵û壬ͺñ಻ȺԽһͲһϵġ
Ҳ߰ɡ
Ͻ˵ѾҪ뿪ʱͻȻ֣ڷ̨ǰһ米ĺߣ˾Ȼ
Ҳԣ
ͷʱֻһƴһƣʱŵĸоһӡˮ̨ϣˮ̨ǰĲҫ۵Ĺââֱ㣬սҲʮϢʱ䣬Ϩ
õˮ̨ôãķ⾳
ɼСħȻ࣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ǴڶɼӦ˵Ǳʵδ
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Ӧ˵ˣ˶ȫһˡ
㷨ɣ֮ǿĳɼ˰ɣ
ЩһЩˣҲ˰ɣôôǿǸǸ
һЩ˷׷ţ˶һԺУ֪˵ȥ˶ɣȴ
վڼʮ֮⣬Ŀ
ˮ̨õľȻʱ䷨򡣡
һڴ֮ǰ֪ڵǿռ䷨޾óؿռ侵ʱѾóؾطżԶ׼
ڣʱ䷨򣬾ȻҲﵽ˵أռ䷨򻹲֪˺־磡
ʱ䷨򡢿ռ䷨ǷѡҲǿַ֮һʱ䷨ӳıռ䷨й֮
£⼸µʱ̶ȴߣΪҲﵽ񺣺ڣ֪ûҵķ̶ȱȲ
ڷ棬ȷʵҲСħɣʵսȫ̶ȣӰ졣

ʮʱ䣬һţɲıκСħ֮⣬ּ˼ʵǿˡ
ʮһ峿ԼĹ֮оͻȻһԺ
вߣ㳡ϣһܾ쿪ʼ
һϵȺȻ˫ۣڿʼˣľ
һῡǣ½½߳ԵĹ㳡롣
Ѿ˼ʮǿߣǶǸߣФӺȻҲУʮһƵǿ̶ȿ֪
һţĵģȴԾ١
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ǰǰ벽ΪָǴ´ˣǵһĴںǰǰҲҪֵġ
ڳţԪ˽ţǺܶ˵Ӷ⼸ʮˡ
棬˽з̭Ѿֺˡ
˵ţһӣǰһ޴ĹĻĻɿ֣ÿֺ涼һ룬Ҳסıš
һˣֳʮ飬ÿһһǧˡ
һǧˣôѵڷ̨̭֮ô
лͷΪ˱֤ԹƽֻĻÿ˶ҪŰپʮųδ̫Щ
ʱ֣ÿһǧ˵УΪ֣һֻʮˣǺɫģڶȴоŰʮˣΪɫ
ǺɫģǺܶ칬ĵӵֶǰɫġ
Уӵÿһ飬ǵĸɼʵֳ֣С飬һʮˣڶŰʮˣڶ˵Уÿӵһ˷սᣬһʤȡԷλã֮ζʧܣֱӱ̭ӵһ鱻̭ߣҲսᣬʧܣȻֱ̭ڶʧȥʸ񣡡
򣬱ڵڶже㲻˵˺칬ѹͲõڶˣֱӰȫ̭ƶǸһλᡣ
ǰ˿˰
ȻܽذǰʮҲֱӱΪ̭аɣ
һ棬һܹˣ˺칬ĵӡһʮѡῡܡ
ʹúܶิĵ鵽ڶˡ
еùļǵĴڶҲΪڶ顣
ʱŭգʲô˼Ǹĵڶƾʲôڵڶ飬еĵڵһ飡
̫ˣ
Щ˵ľĵϽͣڵһ飬˵ˡ


1279 ɱ¾֮
򲻹ƽƾʲôǴڶڵڶ飬Щܽһ飡
ԣƽʷݵʲôѵֻжϣ
ڳźܶ˶а⣬ǲĴǵȻˡ
ұ죡
ӻû˵ߣȵΪһѹͷųЩСܳܵģܶ˶ʱ亹乡
ǹֻأܷԣڹƶԭûǽ͡
Įö˵
ȵλ˵ǰһȺСһȻ֮ӣ֮·ĳɳֳգܲܳɳɳʲôزδ֪ǰһˣʵֻкٵһ֣ܵϵľ磬ˣҲֹʥˡ
Ȼֵúӹעˡ
׳գΪжˣһֻѡˣ˵ʵܱѡԼЩ⣬ǵ׵ġ
ߣϽҡͷ˵ֳܾ֮ǰ˶ϽѾˣµʱҲʲôߣʱ䶼оˡ
һ棬Ѽһǧ˵ϣȫϸϸķˣоԱǿ˶д󼸰١
֣ĸˣ̫ǿǵǣ޾ɵһԲѡˡ
Ͻͺ֪֮˵оĸ֣ڳܶˣҪǿˡ
ˣ
Ӵ˵ʱź¡¡˲Զ㼸ʮﳤĵȥȥĵУһдӵɫѪۣͨɢһɹۻϢ֪ʲôϴ졣
еһ˲䣬ڳῡܶоһ£еʱǸоϵĺë̹Ȼ
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˵ţڳῡԭ̭ⳡһʼĳѡҪ̭ս֣򻯱ڲӰƽԵ£ñļ١
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һǧԼ鱦ֻ鱦ʵܶ࣬ڸֻԵϹġ
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ܶӿɱ¾֮ǶսƣЩоԼӦڵһߣΪ綥ţǿʤ֮սڱ˱ӣȻѹһڻ
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ʮˣգ۷ɹһ룬ۿʤѾ¶һЩϲɫʱԨѪ֮ͻȻðֻ޴Ѫ֣׼Щһ
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ѪַȻǵĹȻͬţ뺣һ㣬ֱʧˡ

ܶ˷ҺȻ˲䱻ѪûʧȥӰ
ֻˣ֮յıܹѪ֣ҡҡλεĵɱ¾֮ǵĳš
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ʮˣȻֻȥˣȻ˵տʼж˶ǵڶģʵҲôǿ̭Ҳ̫ˣ㲻õڶ鶼ʣ¶
ѶȣѪֲУҪܿ
ܶȡ˽ѵǼʮˣ׷׷ɱ¾֮ǣɱԹӰ죬ܶԸѪֳɱʱǷ׷ܣȻоųɶûܿյɱ¾֮ǵ˲˶ѡ
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ѪƮôɵɱ¾֮ǡ
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һĴһҲǱʶ˶ô֪
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ʵѾһˣûܱƳʵ֪λ˵ĵӡ
ڳԪţȻʯܹѪǷǳ⡣
ʯ֮󣬽һɫ԰׵ߣȻ޾ҲЧʯߣҪѪ֣ιûʲôЧԼЩѪץסóռ⾳űܿѪ֣ȵĵɱ¾֮ǡ
޾ɫЩѿȲˣȲҲͰˣôðһһҲԼǿô࣡
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ڿѪеɱԹûܶӰ죬ʱһֻѪץ
һǹɨֱӰѪִɨϣ
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ȻǸ̬ǳ̬ȥȵĵһǿиǿֻ֣ǵڶˡ
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ȻҲǷ˫ޣ
һۿԷҲ޵˰Ŷݼףľ粻Լ֮£
ôģ
Ŀоâһһ䣬ǲԻȻﵽ˳ɾͣһԵ


1280 ս
֮½½ĵɱ¾֮ǡ
ˣҲսȨ
ǰҢ״ӣ
ҢԸ͵ȻҲμԤѡһֱ¶ɽˮѡҲٳûжʶ
ҢûκɻѪ֣վɱ¾֮ǳ֮ڡ
Ң֮СħҲѪֲһŽ֮Ψֱ֮ĹСħ˵ȴܺ档
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һ̣ɱ¾֮ǵĳ֮ϣʵ֣ӣͷףαˣһڻ֮УƺǾڽŮȫ¶͸¶ʥϢɱ¾֮ǣҲմϰѪ֮
ξôĪĽɱ¾֮ǣ·Щ꽫ͽһʼգǸôֵģֶʲô
˲ƣ
ܣɱ¾֮ΧĿռ֮ǳʵԹɱ赲ɹѣô˲ƣ
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ǿӵĿⶼ˾η֮ɫСħţϾֻжʮ꣬ζʵܻһЩ
˽Сħɵ֮ȻĪĸоôǿӣͷβһգû˶а˽⡣
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һˣһˢȥųɶ࣡
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ʮУ̭˶ǵڶݶӵģһݶӵˣȫء
ڵǵ飬ڶݶӵһʮҪսһݶӵʮˡ

һ£֮ǰûע⣬Լֵ˵飬֮⣬Ͻ͡
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ʮˣѡԼĶ֣ûѡ
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ÿ˶ֵĸ֣Щڽɱ¾֮ʱֲѵģϽͣ߰˸ͬʱѡˡ
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˫ǳ٣칬ħʼ칬ԺӦҲ˰ɣӺСħɶ˵ˣ칬ħʼ칬ȲɽǾǵ̵Ĳ𣬾˵ɽѾʮꡭ
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ҾͲˣɽǳأҲΪμӵһ̽ϣ˽⵽һЩ
Ŀһгգɮ£ɢź纣ϢȻҲһ֡
̫ˣԻипͬʱгձ˱ȭ
һᡣ
ԷȻҲò
ʱ̭ļɱʼˣÿһ鶼ʮͬʱУʱ򣬶ǵڶݶӵĲʧܡ
һδεսÿʱÿ̶ڱ̭ҵɱȴûκӰ죬һֱĺʱ̭һֻѡ˿ʼСһֻʮˡ
ϽͺܲңҲ̭ˡ
Ҳû취飬ԭһݶӾЩǿһֻʣ޾ͽѪˡ
˵϶ûʲôϢʱ֮СҪʼˡ
ʱǰҹʱ֡
죡
аȻϢһʱ䶼ûС
һ¶սʮ˵С飬ÿֻҪʮ峡ˣĶִ칬ĺĵӣǰûˣҲûǱΪѡֵľ֣˴˴ˡ
һԲгնԺӢ
ڴıУд˵һϳľҲ֮У֮ǰһûȻҪһϳˡ
Ķֲ칬ĵӣסźžʮźϣҲһ̶ȷӳʵˡ


1281 ʵ
ϳĲһߣֳһɫǹһ
ҲĬĬĴֽгѪǹ
ǹ˼
΢΢һЦ˵ҶӡǴһкܶʢɽذǰϴʣпܽǰʮ
յһĹ״Ӻ칬ĵӶذҪųЩˣڵذռͷĶǴʥصĵӡ
һУذǰе൱һˣ˲˵ܶ칬ĵӣҲǵڶݶӵĵӣҪȴʥصĵǿ
ΪЩ˵ʦܿǰ벽ͬʱСԴҪúܶ࣬һѧʥصĵӺѱġ
һ칬ĵӣΪ칬ĵӣȻǳ߰Ǽٸ߰ҲΪԼаֿܽǰʮΪεһ̫ƴŵһľٰ죬μӽ״ԽԽ࣬һʼֻвʮˣھеʱѾʮˡ
һټһһ䣬Ҳֻ߸˲μӣǰƣҲٳʮ˵ġ
ʹãεһǰʮĺǳߣҪǰʮҪһѪɱ
ʮˣֱڶʮ칬Ϊ񺣺ڣǵеκһˣûʲôţ£ʢڵлǰʮǲζսʤ
Դ˵Ȼ
пܽǰʮ˭ģ
̨ΧۿҲǲߣЩ˻״ܽǰʮ˵
֪˵ǴһǱʤʵҲҲһ֡
ƽ߰ˡһ칬ӲΪ˵ĿƮһ̨еıҲһ칬ڶݶӵĵӣһʮȲԲһЩ
˲Ļ΢΢һЦпܽǰʮǺ칬Ӷҵ۰ɡ
칬ĵ϶̨ҵţˣҲ̫ˣѾ϶ǱֻϧΪ̫ᣬȶ˶ҪС꣬Žλ϶ǰʮֱۣӸǹڶˣԼСŴܣ˵ܴ裬ܴﵽʲôʵͿĸˡ
ʦвϯӲӣֽ̣Ҫһս㣬ذǺܴģЩ˲ֱˣҲӵѧ
û˵ֱսʤſѨ磬δ򣬵ҲܻôǿУɱǰʮ
Ǹɵơ
̨֮£Իֻ˵˵ҲɣڵĴ飬Ϊ칬ĵӣĿ£̫ùˡ
û˵ԼսʤһҪˡԻߣһ칬ҲһֵǺ칬ĵӱȥˣȻҲֵÿ칬ӳԱ
ڲ˵ʱͻȻһ죬·ʲôײ̨Ļϵ
תͷһʱһһ̨սȻѾȫԪ飬Ѫصˤڵϣֳһĳ̨룬ûʲôĵӡ
һսֻǼϢʱͽˣ
⡭ô£
ɴ˫ۣսҲʶȻԼҲоǰٵʵȻֱˣ
ؿռ侵һоͽˣ
ؿռ侵㲻øļ޾Բֹأ֪ﵽʲô磡
ѹʢпܽǰʮڿ⴫ſе󣬵ȴҲδز׼ȷ
̨ܱߣܶ˹ۿ˸ղŵıνʯֻһ˲ͷֳʤ
᲻ֻ֪ǵڶǵһ
㻰˵ôԿʼ˰ɣ㿴Ǳ߶ˡ
⣬ڲȴʮ̶ִȻûĶ֣⻰Ǳڵ˼֮һսҲܿ
ɶ񣡲µգ
һȫһˮ»ڲһһֻĹŲçϢֱӡ
һĻںܶ˵Уʱ۾һ
䣡칬䡪ϹŲ£
ʵϹŲ£һ䣬ܶҪñľһ䣬ǧʱ䣬һ룬δش꣬ҲǺܶȱԭ֮һ
ϹŲ£
ձ칬ĵӣʵãҲ֮ǰ̫У䶼ûУȡѵһȫԸ
Ҳܸ鷳ϾʵҲǿ
ز²䣬ҲΪܻһģǲĲ໹е
ƾһһЩӦúпܡ
䣿ϧֻһЩƤë
ֳַѪǹһǹӳǹâһڲǰһϹŲֱǹâȻû飬Ҳâҵ
ţ̺⾳ֲһֻĹŲçĸоȻһ䶼ô򵥣ϧѧ̫ǳˣ칬Ȼвֹһ䴫УҪѧֵ̫࣬һеʱ޵ĺܣҪУֻ˲ſԡ
ǹâһʣ޾ͷųֱӽϹŲ½顣
ô򵥾ˣ
ǿ䣬²ѧĲףҲô׾ˡһȥ
̫ҵģһϹŲµڶʽǬ
ڶγ֣Ԫ£ȫȻЩ͸֧Լˡ
ȻԲȫ֣Ȼֻһǹ̳ǹ֮ϻϹŲֱӱǹâһ롣

ĻԪ飬˵ɳȥˤ̨֮ϡ
ĻʤԭĻ
֪һģ˵ܽǰʮȴкܶ˲š̨֮£һ칬Ӳм˵Ǻ칬ķ̨ôʵǵģûȡɵַ϶ϲȥȡɵַҲ졣
û취ǶֻԼ۾ģĲףοһ临̫࣬ĸǵĵһϵµһˡ˵ԻȻˬòǿ
һս֮²ٴˣܶͻֱ䣬Ͼʮ˵СÿҪʮ峡һԺս
칬Ӳµòսʤ֮ĵڶ־ֱˡ
ĳ峡Ҳˡ
ʤҲһ˿С˵߸ˣǷ̨ܾ


1282 ɳ
ΪСУӸָͲһ·ͨ裬;ûֿʮʤˡ
Ҳʮʤ֮⣬гڵ״ӣҲǺʮʤ
ȻСҲܿܶණˣܿк֮ˣܽ˸ǿʮˣУʮ״ӣȻҲһ٣״Ӿûģ߸ûʸΪӡ
ֵһ칬칬ʥŮ֮⣬ĵӣˣҲһģȫѡʮ˵
˱˺ϳΪӣǵֱַǱáơ¡
칬һĵӶǱֱģֻеһӣʸԡΡĳƺ
ε־ɴ˶ġ
칬ȷʵǿ󡣡ڵС飬ĬĬĹۿǵıĸп
̨ϵǱ£ֻǿ˶һۣûκʽʤ֡
Ķ֣ôĹڵأȫʧ
ڵĸҲеڶţһٸڶţڱǰ޵ֿ֮
»ʤ
ֱĽޱĽѾ֮ˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ǵĶ֣ȴȨģΪ⣬Ϊ칬ĵӣءĴʣ֪УҲкܶҪսһսʱȥԴ꣬Ǹ칬Ǵܣ°ܵúܲңҲ̸ˡ
칬ӣˣֵҫ顣
칬һ칬ĵӶӹף칬ȴֻˣÿһӶǾӢеľӢԺУȻһ΢΢һϲĽչؽˣ
֮ǰμӷ̨ĽܷѩҲڱչǱ꣬ͬʱİأһЩָ㣬ոսչء
ħռڣҲ첻ĽܷѩȻʵ쵽Ҳûʲô
ţִǲȱĹƬһ㶫Եһһӡ֤֮ܶǰĶҲˣ֮ǰĲԵˣٽһ
Сôˣ
þûйעħռ䣬ĽܷѩС
С˯ԽԽ࣬Ȼ˺ܶʻûʲô仯
ĽܷѩҡҡͷȻ²Сر𣬱ȻƽŮǵΪֹûСֳ֮
СĳɳƺһСŮĶ࣬ôʱ䣬һʮһСģ
ʮУ֮⣬һע⡣
Ϊ£һ£һʣһƺֳһǣȻ⼣߰ߣƺһմѪ֮ġ

ݵĸоԲһͨĽ֮ϴһɵѹƫƫǿļ𣬸жǷ
⵽ǡ
ĿһǱǾΪʲô⣬⼣αװ
ҲǼħռ䣬Ľܷѩҡͷ˵Ҳ͸пǾµĻԵҲδأħ
ܰɡипǧ飬ȻԵ̫̫ˣ֮ǰ˫޵ʯߣͫڵľ£Щˣһɲĸо
ʱɿţѾ˵ڶˣˣսѾһҹ
еıΪңеıȴ⡣
ֱĵʮ峡һȫһսĶ֣ԷԺ칬
ǿҲôģҺ֪㵽ôϷ̨ġ
Ժ칬ĵ˵̨һ񻰣ȴ񻰵˲Ǻ칬ĵӣ޷ͻһЩ칬ӣϣһս֤һʲôʵ
ȫһǽžž죬Ĺźʮţ֮ǰʮĳսֻһɽгգҲ֮еʧܣгΪˣҳȫ칬սʤ
һУ
Էһ־ƲɵɱУͬ͵Ŀһţһ˲䣬ΧĿռ䶼ˣ칬ӵĹд˿ռ⾳費ͣǵشɡ
裡
ޱ飬һǹӳϵںϣ͵ǹâ۳һ磬˲˶Էĵâ
Աʵ̫ԶԵʵͷѹƣ޷Կ
ʲô
Ǻ칬ӵɴ˫ۣ֪ԼĶ֣ȻֻԵʱ򣬲֪ж
ݣ
ֳڶǹһǹֱ˺˶ԷĻԪ˳ȥ
ʤ
ֱĽǿûκ֮ɫˣʮսȫʤС˳ߣȴıܾˡ


1283 ħʼ
峿ں翪ٳĴǧ֮У̫δɵһƬڴǧĹ㳡ϣȴѾۼĹڡ
ˣȺѹѹϣеܼķɻȣЩȫ
֮ǰɱ¾֮еԤѡСûйľ˵ֱӾУֻҪӵƱͿֳۿ
ܾƱޱȽţһƱֵһ칬ǧ磬С磬ƽһҲǷֵƱѡ
ʥʥʥصĳϡϯӣ壬Ľǿߣ˾ۼڹϯϣһ˶һķ˾ηڣϯҲֻͨһԱܶһλöŲϡ
֮ǰμСһţֻǰĵһݶʮ˲μվ
ʮ֮⣬ˣҪһϵиΪп̭ʣµʸˣг͵ذ
ֻʮ˵ĵһݶӣй˾ʮʣµ˾ʮ̫ˡ
һڻ䣬ǼʮʢһΣΪν磬ţǿǰʢ
ԣܸʢˣôҲԸۿˡ
̸ţͻȻһֲĺգһݵѹлص쳹ն·Ҫˣ
죬ʲô
궼Ҫˣ
ⲻ֪ﴫֻоĶ·Ҫ궼ܲס·Ҫɢһ㡣
ʱ𺳵һĻˣУһƬ޴ձ˺ֲƬ֮ӿһֻľ޴ͷ­Ķǣīľ޴ƬǾȻһɫͷ
ǡ
Ǻޣޣ
ڳܶڷǵоųɾŵˣûмޣҲ£һޣ
򣬼ǸͬȵλĴڡ

ϹĴ˽˵磬ΪϹϣҲδŵľ
ѡҲһĻޣ֮Ӷܸܵѹ
Ȼѵ٣
ܶ˶뵽һ㣬֪һЩʵǿΪ
ǡħʼ𣡣
Ⱥ֮УһЩ߲˽⣬ħʼ
ħʼ𣡣
֣ܶȻɫ䣬ħʼҲһеĶڣԭһħͷ֤ĵ·ϣɱ
ǰ벽ǿߵʱΪɱ˹࣬ŭһЩҪȴûܳɹħʼͻƽ磬ЩΧĴȫɱˣȮ
һսɱҪΪλġ
һħͷܳʱŷɥֱΪ𣬲Ϊ֪һߣ﷢
ħʼȻˣ
Сħɵô
һһ䣬ȻԵǷ׷׷
һ䣬עΪŵһһÿǧ;һһһһģͬܳΪߣֵȥע
ħʼ룡
ͻȻһʮǺ
ħʼ֣ȻҪ¶ˡ
ħʼͬʱעⳡһ䣬ҲڿţĹעʢǰ
ħʼĳ֣óеոˣȻǴͷβûܼħʼˣ֪ܸ𼶵ͬһҲ˼˷ܵ顣
ˣεһĸ̫ˣʦָǱȵĻϹŷߣ¶Щĵ˵Ȼ֪ǿ֮ǰϣҲһһֲóһˣһɲĸо
λӭ칬ǵһܾߡӣ
ټĳؿУһĿӸ߸ţӰķŴڳڹڶ
ܾһʮŲμӣ׶Σһ׶Σÿսʮ˳ʮ˳ı֣ʮŻΪݶӣһݶʮˣڶݶʮˣɵһݶӵʮܾܰǰʮ
ڶݶӵˣͨѭʮλǰʸһݶӵսӮ˾ȡ֮
ܾĹ򲢲ӣÿ˶Ҫ˴˽֣ܽһݶӵģʵֻҪʮ߳ˡ
ǰʮ˳ӦѶȲ󣬺ųÿһҪܰǰʮĸ֣Ƕһսˡ
˹֮ͷʱڳ룬Ӵ濪ʼһζ壡
һǱεǳ
Ҳ֮УǱεһŶѡȻСħɵĺҲ̫Сˣ츳ٸҲ޷ֲʱľԲࡣ
Σ
ӣ
һǱΣڳڣеῡܣʼߺε֡
ܶˣ֪֪Ңгգǲ᲻֪κСħɣαصĴʣῡܵˡ
ڿ׸ܲ
εĶ壬ͬ칬칬ĵӣ֮ǰСУҲһ·ȫʤԽԲߡ
Ǹ˭ˣϽɣ
ǰùɣȡ衣
ȷʵùһսΣڸϳ̾ͱεΧ
ɫѿˣǰ˿ˡ
嵱ȻΪԼǱεĶ֣ΪһţţΪԼĲһܸսһս
䡣
ʼ
Ӵͬʱֱγ˳ȥһһ˸ߵؽһΣͻɽƲɵ
θΪֻһ֣ƺһĴ紵һ̣зɳ۵Ȼһ٣ȫԪ飬˷·ߵķݣһͷ˵ϡ
̣û˿ôֵģտʼͽˣελöûһ¡
λʤ
ޱڳڹڣǱεĳ߶Щ
ǻ󹥻
ԣĻԪǱʲôըģ󹥻ôЧ
ǿ£µǸ֪ǿʲôط
õʽƻ󹥻ʵô򵥣ͷԡ
£ΣҲô䶼֪
ܶţεЩη˵Ĺϯݵĳ֮󣬱ˮһĻ
ΣΣҵĺ˼ʮϢʱ


1284 Ա
칬ĵ̫ˣǱΣӣʵҲȽ˸ǿ
ԣ칬յĵ̫٣ֱ˾˵ֻʮϺĵӣ칬һżٵӣӣһˡ
Ҫ֪ܶ˶һˣˣ칬ȫӼ칬˶ࡣ
ûȻˣҲҪǵټʽŹ֣⣬ǻһء
ڶսгնҶգ
ڶսˣɽгա
ɽû뵽ɽȻд˳ˡ
֮УĽܷѩ૵˵
Ľ֪ɽ
ţ˽һ㣬ǰүү˵ʷƾõţʮʷ˵ӡ˵Ĵٷʮǰôɽڴٶɹ֮󲻾ãͿʼ֣չĹģ
ţ˵ɽܿ˽ϹŴٵˣ
ͲˣǴδٿ»ʹܶණûʮʱ̫ƾˣûܶණμӴһսиĻʷ¾͸˷ˣʱɽװʲôɫҲ˵塣
ô˵ɽĵȷʵĿ£ӵȫ䴫Уʮܴﵽλ
λ𣬺侪ˣֻʮһ䣬ôɽˣ
ţôȣ
⴫У죡
ɽ͵д˳˵ĿܸνĴйˡ
Ľܷѩ˵ţҲипܾʵ̫ˣڣܹھֻһгҲɲ⣬˭ǿ˭˵οСħɡһЩز¶ĺͱԼ
Ⱥ¹
ȴֻһˣ
һ̫ˣ۶˭˵ˣ
ţͻȻ֣гյĺơҲǹǶţΪ칬ʥŮλԺգǶõһź֮УŵĶŲСħɣҲǺĵӣͬΪİҢгգ
Сϸھܿɽλˡ
гյĶҶգҲǸһҲһĵһʵĿãվǰʮѾ˵ˡ
ҶգǧʥصٮٮˣǱ˵ǰʮˣǰʮѣΪεһ⣬ʥصѾ֮ˡ
ǰҲǿ޾ǰʮûܾʱʱӽ̫ˡ
гҶһսû˿ҶգҶյͬŵҲˣ̫ˡ
Ҳûκ漣гյսʽûô˷룬ֻǼ򵥵÷Ʒȡʤʼգûж䣬ֿйоأͨͨûһΪгͨ
г֮󣬳սСħɣ֪Сħɵĺš
ƴĳ˵Ӧ칬ʵħʼ칬Ҳʮ칬ŵɽ˶ţѵ칬
а˼ţ칬ʵ̫أɽ칬ӵеϢǵ˭ǿһЩ
һһĽУʤĴˣԭܼʮеĽʥžͺ٣һɨȫû
ĺƺܿȻҲúܣֱʮ˳Ӳ֡
ʮ˳Ա£
ţս£һ֮һȻ״ӣⲻΪյ״ʵ̫٣ǧʱʮ
£칬ӣһ㲻ѷɫ칬ˡ
⡭ʦ̫ˣһսôǿĶ֡
ڹϯϣ¶ĵ˵ʯҡͷҲô˵Ӧ˵ʮ˵оûмģҲ֡
ӦгܰǰʮȻ֣ӦҲĶֵġʯ˵ţʵȴʵȫûиص̫ʯҲ֪ʲô
̨ǰվһ°ɫµŮӣϸʮ߰ӣ̷ɾ䡣
̨Ϲŵ΢Ц칬£ָ̡
öֹж񣬲ûбֲʳ˼̻Į˶ׯĸо
ָ̡Ҳһ
ʱڳǣܶطȴ
Ǹ˭ˣϿɣ
Űۣɣ
칬֧߷ǳ֮࣬ǰӳսʱˣĶ屻䳰ȷ
ῡܿ칬ĵǾеŮʵǿ츳ߣλߣʥ಻ַ漸
ܶζܹȢһ칬ĵӣһ׷󣬿ϧ칬Ĺ֮һޣ£Ҳֻˣκν
ƫƫһˣ츳ǺãʵǿԸ칬Ůǽ֣ǵȻʺͲˬ
ЩţĬĬĳѪǹ
ʼ
Ӵ˵
һ˲䣬µȫ˵Ĺ⡣
ֻоΧһתһս֮УǷ˵սԼȴһʮ귲ģΪ㡣
սɱҡ
ȴʵ΢ûκγ֮ս沨ӣкӣսܿ࣬ʱȥȴΪ
ûмħ
ûħۣҸ޷ȹǶѵ£ұ˰ˣ޷ϰ䣬Ҫһѹֶһƽô
ʮЩǻԺУս飬ڷ⣬ס
ȻǻרŹĵطʲô³ʧȥ֮⣬ʧȥģҵһΪһعڷˣѵ
µĻڱεģǻܿһЩηİ
ĿǱΣڴ֮ǰҪ˽ķ򣬱һѵĶ˺ռ䡣
ǻ˻
֮ǰԤѡǱӿһ۵ߣ˲ˣڴվԭأ˸޷
ţ
̨֮ϣ΢΢üоԼĻʼδľ֮Ǳų⡣
˺ǿ־޷ûܡ
ˡ־ˮ©칬һúͱƶעű
û취ҪȫԸֻܳˡ


1285 
룬ԻõϹ⣬˱Ϲ֣ѾȾռ䡣
޷֪ھ絽׾ʲôֻ֪칬Ļǳֲ֮ǰκζֻ֣ǿһۣʤ֣֮󣬿֪
ս˷ʱ򣬱ͻȻֽгһ͹Źֵƽ䵶п£ûн⣬ûȭͷȶס
Ľ˵ǻʵûΪ칬ûʵıȻ֮
У칬רʽʮ⣬֮ǰ˵ȴһμ֮ǰûܱǳ
ϯмʶ֮һ˵
һ˵ʽ⣬׷۾ȴſе֮
ֻ߳ڱУɭɭʱ¶ˣٶȿ쵽һĲӰֱȥ
ţͬʱʵ幥
ԭöԷ֮޷԰ΣʱѾд󲿷ŵֵסֱˡ
һЩ־ǿܹ֮ס󹥻Ҳǿ֧ţܴܵӰ졣
ʱ칬ĵٷʵ幥ôֱ翳вһ㣬ĶԷ޵ֿ֮
ɭУֱȡʺܶڷ
ǧһ֮ʣȻ˫ۣ־ıĻȻ顣
Ѫǹʣֱ̱µüģ
仯ʵ̫죬˸ӦȻһ˲磬
һ̣˫ĿͻȻڿз˹ŤڼӴѪǹһɲֶʱ򣬲˼һĻˣȻڿзѿһУǷֳ߱εıƬÿһƬܵһʹá
У߱ġ

һͺȣü֮䣬ɫ־֮Ȼǻƽν׶εս顣
սһΪߣֱע֮߱УâХ߱ת裬ֱ
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»ʧɫ칬һʮǿĹսݷɽɱǧ֮⣬Ƴ䲻⣬˷ʤʵǿһߣһޣȻôˣ
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ˮͰϸĺɫǹâֱȥصĺڱµĻԪ֮ϡ
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ʤ
Ŀһۣ
᳡һƬѻȸһսһʼƵĻԾͻȻıս漱תޱȣתȫû׼ĿϾӣʵһˣ޷еĹ켣ֻܿѤõĲʹ⡣
ô£ʲô£һЩ˸ûס
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ϻ⻹˵ģС߹ʺˣڳܶǱµĽߺͳߣԱΪŮ񣬿±Ѫˡ
˵ɵˣ¸ղʩչ칬ս߶սԽǿʽԽܿиı乥켣ʤ칬ĵӣսͱһǿܶ࣬ղſµս飬ѾǻƽΣᷢӳȴ˲ܣ¸Ķ֣Ӧ˵һˣʤˡ
ܶɫأ󱬷ĺɿռüʶӡȻϲɿռǿߣҲûлῴԪǵȼ֡
Сӣ²ֱǿˡں칬һƬռУĿһս󣬷ĸп
ںһԣһȫں֮еӣĸߴ࣬ͷźɫƬȫħɭɭ˿һ۾з
ħʼĿ֮ǰĴսħʼ΢΢Ƭ̣˵СʩչǻԪ⣿ǻԪǼһ䣿
ͬһ㣬ޱȱ䣬ϲɿռ䣬ħʼȻϵó
ħʼĻ΢΢ü֪ħʼһԶΪصˣֻҪϵĶŪ֣ȷʵǻԪµĴУħʼȰ㻹ǱԪе⣬δʺ㣬ѾԼ䣬˴ģܱȲԼĳ֣ڲƸʲôģҲȱοԪ´еĵط˺֣ܶһҲδܵõ
Ԫ֮ǰǿ󷨷ܴ½ڵϵ߸ͽȥ
ħʼһЦԪǼһﲻ֪һʶҲѾ֧ˣȫʢʱȷʵһ㣬ˣֹôõʱ䣬µĺôסң
ħʼ˵ţüͷøħʼԪ˱ϵͲôڻԪħʼ˾ĹڱͷǶԻԪĴ˵һѣħʼ칬ԪĴиõܺõķͷչֻǸħʼ칬ӶĴкһʺưˣֱ
֪Ǻõʱԣĵ˵ԪİţԢ⣬ħʼ㻹ǲҪΪá
ûκθ鲨֮ȴһɲɵϣγһѹͬ˽ӵʥּһ㣬ܷ
ħʼüͷһ壬ǳĬ֪֮ˡ
ֻһ仰ѹħʼЩĿһۣĸеԽԽˣʵ׵ʲô̶ȣҲûа
ħʼ˼ɵΣѵ֮й֣ͷ

ʱ̨ղŵս𺳾
ս黹ôã
սǿʹõȴˣֻӰֵжһֱûܷӳս
ڿµʽ˼ʩչѾѧҵĺս飬սﵽʲô̶ȣ


1286 
ʮųĲ
̨ϴͬʵ˳ǰŵģ֮
ĶĲԺ磬ǺֱϵˣԤѡϵ޾
ǿĿã֮ǰսʤ֮Ѿ˿ĲˡĲĳǼ˹ϯҵĻΪһٰءıĲ֧߷ǳࡣ
ָ̡һ
Ĳɫء
źʼĲһ־ȫԸ֪ԼʤİպСȫ֣ǰᶼûС
ǧһ
Ĳһâһ۵ޣڽâΧռ䷢˾ҵŤǽ⽣âڸʹһâˡ
ٶȼԲ׽켣һ֪жѶ㡣
Ȼϧ
ǧһâӽһɲǣΧʱͻȻӦţĲĽâҲ
ܴݵıܿ˽âгŽâбϣֱĲؿڡ
ء
ХĲͫȻ˳ȥ
ȻͬʱһΪģĸͬʱĲռ侵ɲǻ󣬶ķӵб൱һֹ
ĽһĲһӽֵȻʵ̫Զˡ

â飬Ĳ嵹ɳȥܵú
ʤ
ĿһۣһսĽ֮Уһ֣ھһݶӵʮ֮ǰЩսԶ˵ûʲôѶȡ
̫ǿˣǳһǱ̬
˵һ˫۾һսڣ˫۾ûãĲĲ̫ˣͲҪʹá
ǲʶܸͫо취ǿ֮
ڶʮԾ£
һ
ңĵӣ
ңʵλң칬ĵӣһҲȡ˼ΪԻ͵ĳɾ͡
ʮŵ̨ǰ¼米һһƺбһְֻֿɰСӡ
öȻȥȥ
˵ţĽСöϣë׵壬ȡ³̨
һĻǷһζĻȣʱˣ㻹ӣ
²𻰡
ӣЩŭ㲻ô
䣿ΪҪ䣿һ㣬Ӧùˡ
һ˵ȫԾ

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Сʲô·ˣ
ꣿСħɲŸ˵ֻɣ
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ֱۣ֮ǰ³һһûʲô۵ı֣һʵڲʲôǰʮˡ

Ц˼˼֪жˣûôĻңããҾͿλң
ϣ
һѳȻЦЦȴʮֱ䣬ȫɱڣһͿЦΪµӶɱ
ĬĬĳ˳ĳ߳веɭǲ˻Һɫ⼣⼣ǷĳȾѪδʱ֮µġ
ֳһڳһʤѩò㣬¶һʣųڷ˹ȿĻΪһμӿƿľӣʵŽҲߣΪʵڿЩƾɣڽ϶û˼
⽣ҲɱˣҿǷˡƳһǳЦ
ȷʵһηȴĸо̺޷ݵڷ̨ĸо
⽣üµʲô
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ǡȻһûüӦµĽ֮ϣĿĹ⻪ڰǿҶԱȣֹۣ⣬ͨĹ⣬Ҳ޷ֱӣᱻˡ
Ҳ鲻Խı۾߲Զͫһͫʱ״Ȼͫ
ݹߣ
߷ľ
ԣ򣡡ͫһ˾٣ؾ٣Ȼ֪ǿ
򣬿ռ䡢ʱ䷨ǿķ֮һֻ֮һԵߣЩᲢۣͱ
ĸˣʱշ˻١
ң
˫һеʱ̣һɫâһֱ죬Ҫնĵâڳܶ߶Īһļµĸо
䣬䣡
ûңңȻûд꣬Ͼ䣬ƥУ
ó䣬ҪµͬһȴӲ֤ˣʵ̫ǿ겻òһȫԸ
һƽߣһѾ԰
ڶն
¶׼ǵ⣬ɨһҲ֪õʲôʽֻ𶯣޹⣬һУ·Ϊһ˺ڰɫ귢ĵâֱӱһ˺ױ飡
ͬʱµĽҲڣ뵶â໥Σ
ܣ
޷󣬾޿ƥеĽ֮󣬾ʮ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬ٶ
ȵһ͵ڶǿ
꣬óңİ󣬾ѾδĿžһ
ôܣ
֮ɫţôӵôǿһ˿ֲ֮ȡ֮
ѾͷµһֱʣĵâնĻԪ
ֻһ죬껤Ԫ飬һֱӷ˳ȥ
Ѫصˤڵϣܵó׵ס
ȫڶˡ
˵һ࣬һ٣¾ô׵׵Ļ˶֡
Ķ֣ˣУλҲ̫ͣˡ
£ʲôͷ
עµһ֮ɫȷʵǿܳгµı̬
ɣĸ¶ˣ˭ǿһЩ
¡˵ƽߣôܣ
֮ǰʢƽʵϣҲˣھݴƽһƽߣߵز


1287 ʮ
ǱЩ⡭ԺУĽܷѩͻȻ
һֵĽ⼣߰ߣ̺һص
Ҳ֣ǿ͸пĻԵ
ĳʼǿħȻǿԼһ߹ˡᶨ֮ģȱһɡ
Ҳõһͬʱӵдˣɳлɱ˵ĸ߶Ҳϡ档
£пܾˣˣһ׵׵Ĳݸţ׷֮һĸʣΪѵá
ţѾصԼλϣֱֻСãĸСõëʼĿ
ΧһУڵľ㵡Ȳʣв߼ɵĿ⣬ûκӰ죬ЩĮġ
СãɱĳУƺҲûбֳǺƽھµϣɫ۾ƺܾµĸ
ӡйŹ֡
ţһ㶣ʲôŹ֣
ӣӦ˵ֻǽӵζѣһص꣬ļľڡ
ꣿǽ̵µʦѿ˵һҪɳ̶ֳȣܿһʦڰа
²ǡĽܷѩҡҡͷ˵ĸоƺһѰŮӡ޷ͣ´ͷβܡ
һ꣬һֻӣҾƺֳһ⼣߰ߵĳⲻײϣȴŷ˿ֲս
ֻ˵̫̫ˡ
ʱں칬ҲעžеĽǱòɣ
ǺҲ͸ǱӦ˵оǱӦһ鱦һ鱦ôܱһ߶ɢδ֪
ںһԣҡͷʤȷʵֻһ鱦Ӧ˵Ƕ鱦ڽѪϡ
Ѫ
һ˵ѪЩ߰ߵ⼣
ԭ⼣ǷȾѪδµ⼣˼ˡ
鱦Ѫʲô˵Ѫ
鱦Ѿƣ𼶸֣þȫܽݻ٣ǽ¼Ѫ鱦⣬ʲô
ͻȻĵ̾һ˵鱦飬ǻѡԼˣϣҲ鱦˵ѡ񣬴ٽϵﶼԤУǵĳɺϣһεһ䣬ŲҲһεһҲˡ
˵ţ磬Լڵλںܶ˿Ǹ߲ʣԴѵʱֻǴеһС˻ˣʱ
ԸЩһܹڴ֮ǰɳɡ
ĬĬ˵ΪԼҲΪ
ںһԣħʼһ˿޵Ĺʣû֪ʲô
̨ϣ֮󣬷˫޵ʯҲϳˣʯһսҲֳ˳ս˲Ŀ
ʯֳ֮һ˲࣬ݴΪӣĳƺŷǳѪֵҲˣǱòҲ̶ãȫһ浹ս˵Ū֣èϷһ㡣
𣿡
ע⵽꣬ӣȻμĵһ䣬Ҳô
ţĿϣԺˣȻޱȿʵȷʵǿ
Ǵǿˮƽ˵ʵ
겻м˵һ仰ŵŭĿӡ
ʲôֹңʵ𣿹
ЦЦޱܶῡܣ궼ûʲôϵ˶򲻹
ÿ
һһĴ͸˶䷢飬ܶŲÿҡڵߵԼλ£˽һ
ûйעջĿ⣬ʱһѭһҲǶʮ峡սҲʼˡ
ʵ಻һǴʥسѪѵսʤ˶֣ˣǧĴʥأͨһֻսʤˣֻѪһˡ
֮⣬ȫû
һֱȻɵıҲܿܶණˡ
ƾչ¶ʵк֮Ѿʼ˴εһǰʮ󿪶ľ֡
ڳˣĶһģһ漰ֵĴ󵰸ˡ
˵ô˷ʮӡѡš
ţʮӣ
ԣʮˣδܷ񣡡
һģ˵žǱ޴δɾͲܴﵽʲôȴ˵
˵Ȼķ
񣬵ľƷֵıѹʮˣҲǷʮˡ
ʮӶʲôˣ
طΡСħɡгգεһСħɺгպ˵˭ǿ˭ǵǱĻСħɿҪھȫˡ
¡ӽλеĵ壬ͺ˵ˣܶ˵һ£Ңʯߡ򵶡šЩϲ㣬û취ʵ
۵ϢҲĶС
ʮӣ΢΢һЦȻЩ˵δ׼ȷע⵽ļˣ涼ˣ⣬ʮǿͻʮ˵е
ΪȾܶ˲˽ʵȻ׼ǰЩܣгո˵ĸоͬɲ⣬ʵгѾҪʵˣһɽ˵ͷܵ˵ľη


1288 ʮ֮ս
ʮ˲μӣһÿ˴ʮ˳ʮˡ
һֵıȫкӸ˰ţǿ߱˴˼
սʤһֵĶ֮սݣĶ֣ʵȫ¡
䡣
Ѫʵ᲻սֶԷʵԼǿûǿ̫ģѪһս٣ǶԼĥ¡
ֱʮӵѪ֪Լһȥ֮ھͻܣڹڵ棬αȡ裿ԸĶ֣ΪսҪʮ˳˭ҲϣԼʮ˳ȫսȫܣҪӮһ̫ѿ
ܿ죬ʤʮֻ߳ʣһ
ͬʤʮ߳кܶ࣬ǵһݶӵսֻʮˣһʮ˳һЩ˱ҪˣʮҲ⡣
һεĶͬΪʮӵĹ򵶡
һ˭Ӯ˭ܽʮˡ
ͬģʯߡҢ¶ʮ߳ȫʤĶ֡
һսҳ̶Զ֮ǰսܹġ
ŷѪǹ̨Ķ֣һź񱳴󵶵ľֲ꣬ߣƤڣһڵľ޴󣬵ȼȿ

ĿĿ⣬˵ĸоͬסҰһ㡣ûӣûпеֻǼȵ׺ݡ
ˣԺǿսžվսֱޱȿֲȵ侲ͷ
ҲʹԶʱҰһơ
ʮӣȻǵ֮
򵶣ʴˣǰ𣬳ǧǰһ뻯
ټĸ˸˽ܣҪΪЩ֮⣬һĽǿ߶δ˵ʣ̫߳磬걻Ϊһˣǧ궼ӣѾ֪ˡ
𣬲칬ӵеĲƸȻһһ㣬һҲ̫״ӣһ˲ʮʮӣƽһͽΪ̣ʣȻҪȴ칬Ҫǿ
ܱרŽܣһͬСɣ
ǸˣҲǺˣ£̬ˣ֪˭һЩսʤµһĻǼ£û˻Ϊ
֮ǰıҶоʽʮײУײʤһȫţٶȡͨӦ־սԾȡʤ
˵ţ̨֮ϣ򵶳˱ϵĳĸ棬˵׸ʦ£ʦһʮӣֻʣĶˡҵһβμӻҼõһĥʯ
һ˵ȫһʮʮŸԼͽҲôп᣿ܱʿеͽܣһ츳֮Ȼʮһ⵶ʣ湻ĺݵġ
Ϊ˾ˣݴСʱͱɱ֯ץȥɱ֣һ˵ɱѵӪֻܻһûѪͽʱͻ˵Ծܾλϯϣһ߶Ե˽⣬˽͵
ڷ׷զ࣬ЩһԼĵһӵɱǻţμһֺ֣Ψ档
ȴ
⹫ڶʮлʵ֪
ҵĥʯֻĵĥˡ˵ţѪǹ£ǹڵϻһ¡

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ߵ򣬵ǰ־֮һ
繫ĶţʵڲΪ棬ߵһʩչһ壬ʮѶԸǧ֣䣬Ҳ뵶â֮Уκε˽Уᱻĵâ顣
򵶴һǽڷһžžı죬ԭݵ弡ⱩǣͻȻ׳˶
Ѫص
Ȼһâ缲ȵɱкݵĿֲоɱǹ򵶾ɱģʵʻħ
һ̣ڹ򵶱γѪɫħӰһǸо·޵֮УѪû֪ܼ尾
ֵУͫһ򵶵ĵûкܶŵĻںͻȫȫķɱ¾ͬԻĹʱĸоһ仰ݾ͵¡
򵶣һǰ֮ǰʮ֮߳Уû濹ĵУйڶɴ۾Ӧԣ
Ȼһ˫ϥһǹȫŶݼſа֮ȼա
Ѫǹ¶ϣصĻӳͬһ£ӭ˹򵶵һ
磡
ǹײֲǿĳȻ̤˵棬Ƹֺبʯ̳ɵĵػ֮ϣֵػޱȼ̣ſĳ
˫۸߾ͷ÷Ѫǹȵĵס˹һ
һ˿֮ɫȻ浲ҵĵУͬУǵһ
򵶲ǿʣĵȷʵͣһڳҲǸͬܣԶҲо絶âڱ˱
һЦһܿͻ֣ᷢеڶˣ⡭ҲǵĵС
Ȼһȴһǹ˦ֱӰѹ𿪡
Ȼ̤ǰһֱ幫򵶶裡
ȫǧϵһصն
ǣ
ߵĵâֱӱ˺飬ͬ˺ѵƥһ㡣
һǹ£Х
ɫĿһк󱳵бϣֱѪǹ
ͬ湥ղ˹򵶣ֵֵ
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ֲľ죬ֱӵɳȥ
ʽƵĹ򵶣Ȼˣ
ʱȻ̤ǰһзѪǹٴλն
飡飡飡
һǹһǹǿһǹһǹͣǹâϺХսˣֱ۷飬ȴԽսԽ£ǹԽԽײС
ѹƣ
֮ܶǰ϶͹򵶵˭ǿ˭ǿһս˭Ӯ˭䶼Ϊ棬û뵽ڹó湥УѹŹ򵶴
һһʽǵأԷκλᣡ
ʲô

ܿ죬̨͹򵶾ͽһУһɲǣһ֮ǰһٵǹкΪһ壬ޱȿֲͬɽ޿ƥУ
Ե䡪ˣ
һǹصĳڹ򵶵ĵ֮ϡ
磡
ֻоھֱһ飬汻ֱѹȵԼؿڣȻɳɣʯƤһ˺ѣȫѪӿ


1289 սʼ
һǹ˹򵶣
ڳڶЩ̫ˣٶȡڣײ˿ֲһȫߣû㡣
Ҫǰᡣ
վֱ壬˫Ȼһ˺ֱӰõ˺¶һ羫һڼ⣬֪ʲôʣԭݣͻȻͼѪȫⱩǣǿޱȡ
ͬҰһ㿴˲Ѫ˿
ţվЩ죬Լղһ㾡ȫˣǹ򵶵ĵֿʮӣ򵶹ȻǱѰ
Ԥ룬ԽսԽѣСħɡΡг֮ǿߣûһöԸ
һսʵѾˣʦ˵û죬ˣҵлҲʹ³һһУܽұ䣡
̨д裬ǵ㵽Ϊֹһܣϸ˵Ѿˡ
˫ۺ£һʽʽڳƱˣѪ꣬ͬһħУȫ¶ѪĿ
Ѫһʽնħ
һһֵ˵һеƣǶʦ𾴣Ѫʦ䣡
󱲾ȻˡѪⱾǰƽеܽᣬ̺ڶʽҲ̺ڶ෨򣬲⡶Ѫܶ䲻ͬżߣû뵽򵶾Ȼ˵һС
λϯϣһ߻˵ÿһ䣬ǰ̺˼Ϊḻݣƽǧܽᡣ
ʱ򵶶ˣ廯һɫӰӣк񱳵ֱһ·ҪֿأһУ
һն򵶵ͫ¶һ˿һ̣֮䣬·ֻһڳڣʮԶֱһնĴӰ죬ȫѪҡ
׵ֻоһɲԼȫѪܷ·ҪѿѪ޷ܡ
Ѫ򣬿ȫѪһնڰ֮УôâӰİˣȫѪѪܣѪ⣬ѪƯ֣Ѫص
Ѫ֣һ־Դڴˣ굶ƾһŵɱ
ɣ
򵶴һһĺɫâն
һɲǣȫŶݼ뿪а֮ŷ֮ѪҲȼ״̬ﵽ˼¡
Ȼһǹ̳ȻһӰڲ죬Ӱ֮£Ѫ֮ȻȹƾѪƥȴ̩ɽ

׻ཻǿһֱӽ򵶵ĳɫâը÷飬ĵâƬŮɢһȥرһʯƤ촷ۣ
ۣ
ȻһѪһ£ɫ΢΢ס
ˣķڷ
ú񱳵ŵأǿվ壬ղŵʽ帺̫ˣһܵķˣ˸أվѾѪ⣬ǿԭ
վ̨ϣ޷绹ôʦ˵Ĳҵ·
򵶱˫ۣʸ򵶵ĸֻѣõһ
ԭЩһˣΪʶʮУ֮һѪʿȻĹޣͬʱԼߣ񺣺ΪˡѪһʽְֵḶ̌Դȱ£ˣó׵ףǰʮˣ
ֻ˵ʵ̫࣬еľ㼯ִһѾ
Ȼ³ȫһƬžܶû뵽򵶵һôǿɱͬһɽһ㣬ɶҡ
ΪֹȻֲ¡ôۣҲδʧܣ޷Ԥļ
ʮӡӦýзʮˣҲǰˡ
֪Ϲˣ۹⣬Щ˾Ϲ󣬸ղ϶ûȫҲ⣬б˭ǿ˭û˵ǰΡСħǣµλɶҡɣгգҵûչ¶ʵֻǴܿ¡
гղûɣµ͵¶ɽˮʵЩ϶ģһı֡
λĽѾ˷룬û˵ĺʮ֮УǷиĺͷʢļˣҲж˭ǿ˭
ʤ
֣űĲϽУҲƽһԶ죬ǰδΪĴڡ
ǰһ䣬һˣδǰ벽𡣶ذһĴӣδҲǴˡ
ϰĵһ䣬Żһ
һλͳ𣬶Щˣһɾ𣬿²ͨǱСħɣδпܳΪеٮٮߣ˵УҲħʼƽ룡Ͳˡ
Ŀô𣬺ƽӢôų֣ٵ𣿡
Ԥѡһ֣кܶȫʤߵ໥Ծʣ
֮󣬰ҢµҲ˳Ļֱ֣ܶӼվս
һ㣬⡣
һʯҲսʤ˷ʮӵһˣ˳ס
ˣսС
ΡСħɡгաҢ¡ӡʯߡš
Ȼ˵˭Ҳ˵׼ǻǴܲ²һУЩ²⣬칬˶ľ֡
֮ǰֻССֵĽĲѣһֱֵĶľ֣칬Ϊٰ췽ȻȨ
ʷֱǡ
εĵһʣһһ壬Сħɡгһ
µõһʣһ壬ǰʣһ
ӵһʣһߣǰʣһ
һʣһˣǰʣһġ
ʯǰʣһʮ
ǰʣһʮ塣
İҢΪ칬ӣųڶľ֮⣬ڼ㣬Ϊ˷ֹ˵лȻ˵ΪľµڱзˮҲҪžһЩ֮˽ⷢӡ
ʹһ顣
ΡСħɡг˾ûǰʣȻ϶ǰĸʷǳ󣬶ʯߡȴûеһʣҲ϶˲ܡ
ûźʯ߼Ϊƣ칬ˣǰǿˡ
ֻǣ̫Ŀˣ
źʯûзֻܿɼ˲ˡ
ֻһӿľֹЦ˭ʣǸʲôȻУǸ£Ȼڱǰ棡
ӵܴ󣬺Σ;¶ˡ
ţǱеӣĿһ䣬ӡ


1290 ǽǷ
ʣȻǺģû飬Ǻ칬һĽǿ߱ģ칬һ׵ӣƽʱĵԴ࣬ȻҪһ׬Դˡ
ͨĽǿߣӸ𾴣Ϊδĳɾ;ֹͨټ֮ؽǿеǣγУĴǿͬ
˵¶ȥˡ
˵ǣ칬ֱĵ˵㣡Ǻ칬ųʣֲۣ
ӱǿߣں칬Ȼͨǿߣʵڵῡܡ
Դˣ˿壬ЦһȺʶǳ֮Ȼѱ⼸΢Ტۣøϻʮ񣬱ԼӮ
˵ţĳʮȭͷСľɫʯ֮ǽŵõͣҾԼӮ
ǰ벽ϵĸ֣ȡϾƶɵʯһһҲʯ
ǧ絤ܹʯҲ߿񣬶ӣһſھʮ
ֻ˵֮ͬĲʵ̫ˣǸͨʥأȷе˵ͨʥеŵǧ絤
һͨʥصŵӣҲ桢ʥ丮ǵƶԶʯѾǼޣЩеٮٮôȡ
ԷθëĴȴ֣󣬴ǧ絤ּĶݳޣˣʲôˣǿиõԴ
㣬ǾͲֹԼ룬ǰⱾ£Ҫ;ǣЦ칬ĵЦ˵
ٺ٣඼ôôˣ֮ǰǺ칬ĵӣ̨ϱŰģʮһʮǰ
Ȼţȴûаѻ˵һһһߣǰһҲ˵ֻҪõǰûʮ񣬾׬һ
ǰĻ׬ӣӮ˾
̿ɻɻЦ˵ӵʵʲôȴ϶¶Ǳص͹ˣԼҲˣΪȵȶһۿ˭Ҳ˵ĵƺʵޣҲ⣬ʮУƣԻ
ǲõʯߣҲԲ͹ˣ˫ޣдԵҲһƥ
˵ʲôĿһĶס
ɻƽظ֮ǰìͷ֮ǰȫǶıĺͲмȻ
ʲôð𣡡ֽ䣬ƺҪ֡
ѡֹ򶷣ֱʧȥʸҪȥ̨ϴ򣡡
칬˵ɫߣƾʣ࣬ƾʲôѹ壬ܹռ磬ֻʨϳ㣬һȺбȽϴһֻˣ
ָ˵ΪӵѪ壬Ƿǳ߰ģѪڳУֻСħѹһȻСħʵҲȫ࣬ӲŻڳԡ
ɵһۿһۣĿԣת칬ӣ˵λʦ֣ҲʮʮԼӮ
ȻԡԴ칬ӵ̬ȷǳãЦϷ̨ʮ׵ˣȻ칬ĳѾ֤Ϸ̨ҵⷽô˵ⶼ㹻ˣ֤Ǳޡ
һ·ֵйоأҲ칬ӶЩøУоʵֹˡ
ӣĿһɱ¶
Ȼû칬˵ʡǵĶľֽǷ𣿡
Ƿ
칬һ£ΪԼˡ
йŹ֮ɫĿ־˽ܣҲ˵ܸϳƽҲԲһܱģڣＯʮʮμӶľ־ȻҪǷҲ̫˰ɡ
֪ڻǷ߿ծȫܵѺĶûˡ
ָſľӮǮǧ絤Ŀء
ӿЦҿ˰ɣǮμӶľ֣ЩŸ׼һ޳ɵĶͽؤƵȻҲʣֱǱĳ裡
Ŀһۣ˵УҲó裬㲻ýУύֵġ
ʲôӴŭȫ
ס֣˵һ飬ｻ֣ʧȥʸ񣡡칬Ӵȵ
ֻͣһ˫۾ݺݵĶס
칬ôѯʺ칬񲿣յõĻظǣĻǷľ֡
Ҳһ飬õı£ľűֵ£òǺ칬Ҳʧʲô
ز֣;ֹʮô򵥣
Ƿʲô
ãҶҵǰʮ񣡡
Ҳûаѻ˵Ѻǰ֪гաΡСħɵļ޾ȥһҲкܴѹ
ԣ
칬ӽĶעʱսʼˣ
ÿ˴ųʤ߼һ
վ̨룬ʼһȻϳĶֲǻšҲ֮УӶǰĲߣһ
Ÿ̨ӲмĿ˻һַۣҸսҪս
ӺһսҪݺݵŰͬʱսߺ칬񲿣ԼһʵȼǶô޴飡
˱ģɫ̫࣬бӮ˵
ߣҾֻͨʽӮҲУȡ裬䣬һ档
˻ԣοҲǾţԭһսҲеĲ㣬ڱ裬бŭϡһ³аɣ
Ӹᣬӡ
΢΢üһʵᣬˣǵԸǳԣҪô׼Ҫô˳غҪôײзΪ޵ıԣΣԸӣгǸ
ӵԸ񣬾ǿ
սһսͿԿʼһսҪȴꡣӵǲ˳򣬵Ѿϳˣûȥĵ
ãٺ١촽ţ㵹ùҾɱ㣬Űɱ


1291 ս
ϻ࣬Ҳ·ͷˣҽͿôɱңҲǻŭ˭ıͣҲҪˡ
սһʼžΧһԪܡ
һˣǿռ䷨ͽϵ򣬽ϵ򣬹񣬷Ҳղޱȣ˿ϵ
һɫܽų֣Ѿ̬սȻţʵĿã֮ǰս¡࣬ȻԼţҲΪԼжʤʡţȻһЩûó
ԷѾѻ˵ҲˣֻҪסһʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ڹǲúô
˫۽汧ǰһ֮ӡ
װƣҸҪȣҪʱ㣡ŭȵ
ãñԣڹжӲ
ӴЦţһһɳսꪣ
ɭУɱ⣬սꪵļˣмУܴɱҲնɱ
رҪ֧֣˲ܷӳƲɵı
ߵԭͱ̫ƣѪǿ󣬹̷Խ壬ѪƾԽ
ǵ൱һʵȻչ¶ӰֻС֡
ߵ츳ǳҪһһ⿴ǵѪ츳ǽĳɾ;ܶһˡ
ӣȻеٮٮߡ
һǬ
ȫ籡˿ߣԪһâͬƲɵ
¡
âĺڻŵĽϵԪ֮ϣ޴ͭײӣ޴죡
͵ǧԶȫѪӿĽϵȻǿ֧һǻѾѺۡ

ҧأƴעԼԪĽϵҲǲ⾳żѹƣ
˼
ӻң
£
һꪻӳһɲǣֻоΧռ֮˲һε˿ռ֮żѹ
Կռ֮ѹŵĽϵܣ
ڲݿռ䷨棬Ҳﵽ˼ߵĳɾͣ⾳ⲢԼѧϰģǴ󲿷Կڵķһ꣬Լʦָ㣬Ϳڻͨ
ռ֮ļѹԭѾ޵ĻѾѼˡ
֮ϵƸܼ࣬
촽ҧƣݺѪѾԳĹ
ڹǻͦӲУ
ձ𣡡
ӵꪻӳԭѹԪĿռ֮뱬飡
ǣ
ռŤƺҪ鿪һ㣬ձܻȹ̵ռ䣬һȹ̿ռ䱬飬Ŀռ֮˲佫߽ʳƬ
ӻԶûдﵽ־磬ǵÿռ䲻ȣռ֮й¶ɱѾܷӳֲˡ
ܹܶϣĶǿռ䣡
ӵĵѾΪֲĸ߶ȣҲֵĽϵԪܳױ飬Ѫɳȥ
һսŰܵó׵ףʵ̫ԡ
ˣ̫󣡻ѾȫԸǱŰ
šʵҲǿˣǰʮһɷ֣ʵӦò繫򵶡
һݶǰʮľһȫƾӰţӮ˾ͽǰʮ˾͵ڶݶӣֲ񣬺ѷֱŵǿԳֲƽΪ档
֮ڶݶǰĲߣսǰʮĩβˣһݶӣδؾǰʮˡ
ȿȣ
Խ֧壬ڵϣֿȳһѪȻ˵òᡣ
ߣŵУ㻹̫ϣԣ㻹㲻ˡ
Ӳм˵ĻȻڳڵķŭ
ɵƣ̫ˣ
Ϊжţƣ
񾭲һ
ӵ죬ǿڳ˵ĻȻҪ޵ġ
ڳῡܶǴһ
ӸںһӾţܰôļơ
ʮһϯЩҷ͵ı΢࣬κʮµߣв뱾һս
Ԫע˵״ȫ
֮ڳܶе߶ʱƻˡ
ʮһ
̬
ʮһʵ̫ˣμӵһƽʮϣʮ꣬ѾˡڳһЩῡܣܶѾʮˣǵʵʮҲӵĶ֣ˣҲֻѻûеΪʵ̫Զˣ
СħϳһܶʲһӣĵŰţ󿪵ͼڣɱһƬûվ⣬ǵͷôͨˣ
Ҳ֪ӵĶֻ֣ܼϣЩһеľʵ츳ͬʱӡ
СħɵͺС˵ֻжʮ꣬ȫȫࡣ
Сħɵ츳ҪӣһѪںڷˣǰ
Сħɻӣûʲô壬塣
ٿҲûСħɵ츳ȥСħɣӸƲκˣΣöԷ츳治Լߣгոνˡ
Ǹ࣬㲻һսô
ӺٺЦţķĿ֮⣬ҪѰҵ־ͽѵı飬ȻʧˡСӣͦܳţߣҿܳŵʱ
ӣӵЭãԸ⽫ǰԣ
˳νҲӣòϣӺǿ
ӵǱ͵ģѾ֪ʮ죬ΪһⷨպɾͲַתʵս֮ǰҪӣºѡ
Ϊӵ츳Ѿĳɳֳʱÿһÿһţ嶼ںϷǿ
ƣ
˵ĻԼ飬칬ҲŶˣΪǺ칬֮ǰеӶȥˡ
ЩӲòǣزӺҪ
Ŀһۣ˵ԼСģ˺ǿ
ллǰˣ
šðɡ
ԪٵĽֳֳǹվӵǰ
ǹꪣ
ûеһʱ֣ǹֱָӣ˵ʮһ䣬˵ҲɣҲδʮ꣬ͬ䣡ҵǺͬĶ֡
һ˵ȫԾȻҲֻʮһ꣡
ڳڣע֪ıϾˣǵһ˵ᣬȻͬ䣡
һսޱȹƽĶԾ


1292 а֮
ȻҲʮһ꣡ɵͬ䣡
ˣеĿˣ
֮ǰԼ츳꣬Լʮһ䣬ʮµῡܶսȻô˵ʮῡܣӮӣҲʡ
Ҫѹͬţû뵽ͬ䣬һսȻѪڡ
Ǹʮһﵽ̶ֳȣ֪Ρ
ǶӵĻ
ڳڵȻϣŰɱӣǶԷʵʵںǿӮ˵

ܶῡܷ

ŰɱŰɱ
˵ῡܣһЩŮߣҲΪźеϣӮʵΪ̫ˡ
ӿǹָԼЦˣû˸ñָңܺãһȫͷ
ǹָˣƵı־ʱô֮ǰսˣҲֻǹָսһʱǹֱָףΪԼսڶξڷ̨ϣǹֱָ޾ΪܷʥֻһϢ
ֳִѪꪣֱָǻؾ
ǿǿײĶŵĽ֣
ӵ»ôâ¶ڹϯϣ˽Ԫţ˶ǿߣһǴһͨ
磬ǿѾ㹻Ӧܶˣ𲻿ӳ֣Ĵս
â¶ҲǽھԵʵϵģδǻ¡һ߻˵Ȼӷǳġ
岻ͬ壬еУɢ硣ֻһǿΪۣҪӴˣʵ٣ԶԶȲ࣬ӣʵ۵ӡ۳ӡ
̨ϣӹЦҽעҪɾ֮·ҪŵѪ̾ͣ͵֮һɣ
֮ŻȻף֮ǰԺʲô˼ԭ
ӽΪ͸Ժ͵Ժа𣬲һĸţҲԵƺš
ӱˣǺεȿ
ģëһӰڹϯϣ˵
ȷʵģˣ벽ʱҲҺų𣬸ǰ벽ǰ벽𡣡
˵ţʱšˡһӳˣֳִꪣȻ
ӵٶȣ쵽󣬼޵ٶȣıټϴ֪
һߣͲӲ
ȻӲ
ֳַѪǹһȵĲڵϣһ裬ֱӭӶ

У޾Ļ졣
꣡
·ը죬񱩵糱ˮһӿʯƤֱӱƬƷɣɨҶһ㡣
ͬʱˣվĵطΧﷶΧʯƤȫɷĩ˿ֲײһǿߵսӼײУǹ֪һֻ̽·ѣӣǵ汾»ûʹ
ӣսĺˣˣ֮ǰ򵶶ѹˣ˶Ǳ̬һսҳ̶Ƚ󡣡
䣡
תۼ佻ʮУײУ
ǿŶݼף⣬̫žޡ
£
һꪻӳ̺ؿռ䷨ֻоһɲǣΧĿռ֮˲ռγεѹ棬һжܶ޷ʩչ
ɣ
Ӵһһ
ռ䷨ֶ仯ռ侵ʽ죬ӣȴÿռԷжֱԱսʤԷ
һꪣư硣
ڳ˹ڶɴ۾òϵһǣڷ棬ܳԿ
׻ͬȾ£ʱռ䷨в㡣
ڿռ֮ķ£Ŀռ䷨⾳ͺѡ
ۿӵĹȫа֮ޣü֮䣬ŷ֮ѪҲȼգһ˲̳һǹһǹںΪһޱȿֲ
Ե䡪ˣ
ѪǹĴڿռ֮ϣֱӽЩҵĿռ֮˺ѣȻֱԾԵ˿ռ

ռֱ֮ϣǧһ֮ʣӰһܿӵһ򼴱ķУҲҪⱬ飬ܣ
ţȻƾҵĿռЩȣû˭µѡ
ܲһΣ㲻ôˣЦһͻȻһı죬忪ʼ仯ϳƬŹĶһչǱ˰֮壡
Ѫͳϣ࣬ǸޣܶԱɱ
һǻޣܹõں̷ʽӳǿͬʱٶȶһء
Ƿӱˣ
鷳ˣӦûк֣ӱ֮󣬷ǿ󣬿ռ䷨ǿѹ׻׻ԾԺܴѣվ
ڳţһγ֡
£
һꪻӳΧĿռ֮ٶȫ
գռһɣ
ӿЦţΧռ֮˲ŰĿռ֮ˮһ㱬ϯȫ
Ҫ÷ѹ
͵һһ磬аֱӱٻ˳γӰ֮ϣһһֻ
Ӱ飡
ΪĿռ䷨ڷȫѹң
ЦһȻһǹӳ͵ͻڿн㣬ŷһ˲䣬г˳Ŀ⣬һ̫ƾЩֱͬж˿ռ֮γɵУ
׻ȷʵʱշ򣬵׻ȴǱѰа֮Ϊ֮⣬ͬʱ̺׽ٺͻ٣ڸ߶ͨ׻ȫͬ
ٻа֮Ӱʱ׻ܷӳǿ
ղӵ£ѡ
һΣӱ֮£׻Ծ˫ϵ򱬷˺ѿռ
ʲôɫ䣬ĻϵҲǵ⾳ѣϵһЩۺϣĿռ䷨޼ǰշӣĿռ䷨Ӧѹ׻ȻȴϣȻ£Ӳ׻֮˺˿ռβ
ӣҲʼδû뵽ȻôײУͬȼ׻Ȼ˿ռ䷨
飡
κλᣬǹһתϵǰ⾳ںϣ⾳ҲڷѪǹ֮ϣһǹֱӵѡ


1293 
Դʽ𹥻ֵ񣬶ֵκŭ𡢶ʻ𶼻Ϊַգɣ
ӣһޱȣ׶ŭʻ֮ˣԻ鹥ӣ

õĻȼգһǹͬƹ֮޷ܡ
ͫ΢ֻоԼȫķŭ·һǹȼŭģ

ӼʶǷȻϵ棬ǻϵ⾳ӺԼ㣬һǹУʤ֣
а׻˺ռԻ鹥ӣһϵеĹתʯ˸Ӧ
ۼһǹĿһȫ
򣡡
ӱһһɲǣֲ˻Щ˻绢ХƳʣ
𡪡
֮УĴӰ
Щʮ࣬СֻаƴСǵ״Ҳǧٹ֣еͷʨеţ񣬻еĹǴ̣ѪܵĽޣ
һ˲䣬ڳǧŰپʮŸħﷶΧ
𣬾ȻЩħȫ˺ѣˣ
ţǡһһ̨ϣǼֲ˼ţҲֹһεļʽǰʽƺһ򣬾Ȼ
ҵΣҿôƣ
ſĴЦ
û뵽ӵ򡭡λϯϣһЩʶǷĴĹ൱˽⡣
ߣΪѪڶħݣγħ򣬸ݼĲͬаǧ򣬺ʹ˵еʮħһֻǴ˵Ѿƶˡ
һĵ˵ߣһˣҲ΢΢ͷǧŰپʮŸħټԼһħ򣬺ųƲɹƣͬʱҲżǿĹκ̤ˣᱻɣһչ൱һħԸһˡֹһ򣬱֮ǰ򵶵Ļߵöࡣ
ҪǳƣԼ磬Ҳ׻˺ͬȼĿռ䷨һս۽Σûаߣһˣʵ̫ǿˡ
ѪĽҾɱһ壬Ҿ֮УƾѪ⣬ƲɵħѪ֮󣬻ǿײУԽսԽ£ܱһɱɾ
ӿЦٺ٣ܹ飬һ࣬һ⣬ҳԵģɣ
˵ţֳꪣɱ
Ǭ
һ£ͬɽͬʱеħҲ
ͬӣһħټײޱȵһꪣ˿ֲĹʮĹڿҲǵսľ֮У˲ͻᱻɵʣ
һսô
һ̣ڵӣ治ɫбַѪǹȫԪ֮籬
ħХڴˣֱһ˱ǹһ㣡
ʢɡ
һ̣ѪɫţޣõѪ
ȻǻԪ⣡
çĺɿռ䱬ͬ籩һϯȫɲçϢһɺֱ
ɿռ䣬һУѪ⡢ꡢħȫ⣡
⼸֮·߲εҲҪѹƣ

ںɿռ֮£һħ׷׷ҽСֱӱ
ħɺ֮ĳΣ
ʲô
д󾪣򣬾ȻˣӾ㵣ڳҲǿޱȣ򣬾Ȼ׻жֶΣ
ҵħ˫ĿѪ죬ħ˻ܲ䣬ҪѪǳ鷳

ۿԼɱιħɱֳꪣһ
Ȼɿռ֮УѸţһޱȵϢÿһҪɡ
򣡡
д󾪣оԼ·֮Уٶȴ󽵡
ͬʱֱӶ
ɣ飡
һǹ̳ںɿռѹ֮£Ѫǹǹâֱ룬ֱӵǰ
󱲣
бŭȫǽٶȷžžı죬帲һޱȵĺɫƺĳط
Ӳ˺ɿռһѪǹ
磡
ǹֲཻϯ
һɲǣӸоһɹĻ棬ͬһԼ֮У
ɻ濴ۣǳԼ֮ȴ˲ʧء

ŭȼգŭûǣ˫ĿѪ죬ȫѪܱ𣬷·Ҫը
֮а֮ûģͨ档
ˣ
˵гǹֱ

Ѫǹصĳӵ֮ϣֱӳӵĻԪͬһ㱬飡
ס֣
ϯͻȻһϵ
Ȼܲˣһǹصĳӵؿϣֱӳ߹ݣ嵹ɶ

ͬһһɳȥڵϲǧɾ룬ʯƤŵ̨Ե
ȫһƬž̫ˣ׻ͬȼĿռ䷨һħֱӽӻܣһ·վ磬Ʋɵ

һ嵽ӵߣæӲӵ
ʵʣָ㱻ȫ߹ǣҲ̫þܸԭϺҩǾ͸ˡ
㣡һȻ̧ͷ綾һ㶢ס࣬Ϸס֣ô
ߣԵޱȣԱͷѵ⡣
ߵĻһԵģûôԵģȻԵ͵ϲ֮˲֪νߣŭЦʲôƾʲôģҿƥ񾭲ˡ
Ļ˫Ŀ֮Ȼһ˿ɱ
˵ţ̨ˣ壬һǸ߰ޱȣΨҶǵĸ˶Ҫηǣκβǵˣñ
Ȼ߸ոֻ̨̤оһɿֲӭͷޱǿ󣬸޷ֵȻһֱӵɳȥصˤڹϯǽ֮ϣһѪ˳
˭
ȻǱʵûˣѪ˵ʲô
ӻ߹ɵһĿߣ˵ң̨ôġ
Ӱ벽ΪһĽȣȻǲ༫


1294 Ʒ
ӣ㾹ȻֹϷսô
ߣֻǽΪȴ첻µز£ʵܶ߶ԸǸҲηǿߡһ壬°ӵѪĺͯ彫ڵڵȫ
ܶ˶֪ǷӣǹͰҰ޵ıԣȮһ㣬һǣؽ·ıҲϧ
ӶЩ£һЦ˵ûôֵǮСҴǵȫͻȥҵĵ̣͸ʵ㣡
ܶ壬塢ħЩ壬ʷϣҲĴսԷҪĴۣܡ
ڵȻǼ干档ܴ½ľħ塢ħ塢壬ħķ֧һϵʵӽ壬Ͼܴ½̫ãһЩѪʮķϢҲˡ
峤׹⣬ǿӣֿĿ֮ɱ⡣
ߣ
峤ϣȥûдʹ˻뿪ĸ߰Ҳô
ǻȥսɱ¾⡣
ʤ
ӴʢĿ֮ɫԭȡɵϷ̨ȻأûеĵزڣΪʮһߵһţŲĹâضȻʧɫ
̫ǿˣúã̫ˣǸķӣ͸ô򡣡
ˣôȥпܳǰ
ǰҪСħɡгաۣ㿴ĸ滻
СħɡΡгѾģһָ߲ɵǵĸо
Ǹгյʲôʵǲ֪СħҲֻǴźǵʵǶûǿҲɣһˡ
һδ֤Լ˵Ĵԣļӷ֣ȫȫһδʵսŷ
ټСܲһЩʥῡܵĺøСԭˣѹЩʥϵĴɽ츳Դжˣ޷ͷԼľʵǣСһܹɾ;š
ʵǹģ
Ȼ˳Ҳкܶ˼ʣվ̨ϣһ̣ȫĴûвֵ֪ġ
̨ʼĿӵʵȷʵһսȻһЩʽûóҲӮòɡ
úϢһ£һ֣սһ֣㽫һϳмΡСħɡгյһֶֿգһֽ󣬻Ϣһʱûɣ
ߣӵԪ
ղӵһսʱģԭһֵսûսķ鷢˱仯Ϊһ˴ʣµǵû취ˣǺ칬ñΡСħɡгͬʱֿա
ҲΪñƽΪ˵ʵӹɣ˭˭ԿںӿпһսҲƾںսгԿֱֿõ
û⣬һ¶˭Ժ˵ĻָԶȺǿ󣬶սЩĸʲô
Ķǡ
˵΢΢һݡ

ҪˣҲԵԤѡһһɳΪͫɳȱһЩ
ԤѡǸ˶Ϊԭûн֣ڣҪһս
һӲ̣ҲΪԭ򣬺ӲרŶҪϢá
֪ˣ
սȭͷѾЩȲˡ
ĵһֵսսĶʯߡ
ʯߵ˺٣µʯɱ¾֮ǵʱһѪ֡
ʯߡ˫ޣսͫ˼ˣʯСһƺҲЩ򲻿ܽ˫̶ֳȡ
ں칬Ц˵Ҳڹעʯߡ
ʯϳʱ̨˳ˮһĻǴں֣кʯߵġ
㣬Ƥ԰ףʯȴ֣ϣӮ˴ŮӵĻӭοֳʵҲʯҪǿ
һǰ˿ˣСҾͲŴ򲻹
ʯ˵ῴʵȷʵˣԼҲʮġ
ȣ
ʯ߱һȫһ̣վ̨е·һɽϵ򣬲Ҳϵ⾳ɡ
ɽӡ
ʯֳֳȳ֣һͽԼĴطõ£һдͬɽرѣ
ֳɫȻͫѾ״Ȼͫ
䣡
ϵԪ۳ɫĹâγһɸɽص
ǿһĻһɸɽֱ޷ƣԾעضҪ飡
һ޿ƥУ
˶һƽı飬Уʯϵκһ˿ת
һ˲䣬ˣûκηֻǼ򵥵ڽעԪƮƮһɴɽ
ʲô
ĳ߳Կʯߵɴɽ
̫ˣʯߵϵѾﵽԪʵʻľ磬ɽӰԪɽײֱۿ¶Ҫϵ
˵ţѾһɽĳһ㣬һɲǵļžʱ·һֹͣ
ȫעɽ֮Уʯ߱ҪСö࣬Ȼһ˲䣬˼һĻˡ
Ԫɽеһ㣬ͻȻѿƣɽ壬ͬһ㡣
¡¡
ɽѣԪɽʯ飬ױ
ʲô
ôģ
һɴɽ
ȫڶǴʧɫͫһԾʵѹʯߣ֮УǾô赭дһͳ׻ʯߵȫһ
˫ۡͫʣ˫۾ܿʯߵķ۾ǰΣ
֪˫۾ȴܴ¹Ƴ˫۾һЩϯϵĺܶǿҲˡ
ܿƷԲ˲ҵʯʽ㣬׻ʯ߻ûԪɽ˭ķ򶼱һۿĻôսڲ֮ˣ
˵ʱշҲѾ߾磬Ʊ˵ķ򣬶Լʱշ򹥻֣µˣ
ұΪصǰģǰҲ˵׼ˣЩһƥһƥڣ治֪˭ǿ˭


1295 ˷
˫ͫʵĺһʽ򶼱ƣ˸᲻俹
ۿԼľɽӡƣʯɫѿ
ȷʵҵʵֹϵô򵥣ƾ˫۾㻹޷սʤҡ
ʯߴһȫǽڱ죬ֱӿ˰Ŷݼףʯ󣬸ֳһֻ޴ڹꡣ
ڹ곤һ˶ͷףͬɽ
Ӱ
ӣ֮һ
ʯߵİŶݼ׿ţһٻӰǵõйصĻԵ
ţʯ߹Цʮǰ̽ؾõһö˯군ⷽ˺üʱһһĽ군Ե׿̸ҵҲﵽ˼ߵ۷壡
ʯߴһȫڶȻʯߵҲ̫˰ɣ
군ļֵҪõǵģѪȻʯߵõ군ȻҪһȥĲ࣡
һö군ǿ߶ҪΪͷ
ԭˣֲʯܹŶݼǰšĬĬ˵е£Ŷݼ׿̶ֳȣûлԵǲܵġ
ʵ군ʯߵĺôԶԶֹŶݼô򵥣걾ϵޣʯߵķãʯ߲һԾΪ֡
ԭʯΪεһصǰڣǿƣһˣȻóȫʵ
ʯ˵ЩתͷһۣĿдһ˿ԽС
΢΢һ˶Է˼
սʱٻӰȻʯߵУʯ군ĸܵڲ֮ǿȣ²ǵõǡѪ֮ĶۻԵСȻʯߡ
ͬߣҪԵŶݼףʯȻڻԵϱȽһˣⷽ汻ʯ߱ȥˣʯȻһϵԽС
ʵδܱȹԵǿҲƣʯ߲Żῴһۡ
ԭˣΣʯߣɫƽ
ķӦʯüͷһ壬ߣװǻƣ
ĬĬĲĽ棬ƽ˵ԵҪɲ֣ŵȫΪԼײһݴԵܳΪ֣ʹˡ
ƽɳڵĵزȻ˾ԵǾȫƾԵߵһô飬˵˶ˣվţȴֻȼ˶ѡ
ǰʯߣһлԵˣȻ;£ȴһЩ
ϻְ࣬ɣսҪ̷ҿοҵ㣡
ʯ˵꣬屩ͬһͷ̫ޣֱӳ
һ̣Ĺž޲ĽĬĬ˵㲻÷ôá
ʯߵĳϵһ˲䣬ʱȻʯߵʱ֮һɲǱŤ
ʯ߷Ӧ죬ȫǽڱ죬ǧҪƾӲʱ䷨
ǣ
ʱ֮ƣʯȫⱩѪͻȻһ̣ȴоʱ֮Уڡȥͽ˼άͣˣʱ䷨ϵ裬Զʯߵ
һߣʱ䷨һЩױʯƣȻʵ̫ǿԪǿȣʯһΣʯ߸޷⡣
ݣ
Ӱһʯ߽˺ʯߵĻԪĲһϸϸѪߡ
ʯ彩Ӳȫ䣬ղһɲǣоԼ·һᣬնһɲǣ٣
ʯߵǣٶȲҲлԪҲ壬һУĽǰֽͬһôһϢпʯߵĻԪֻͬҪĽǰ磬ʯߵͷ­Ҫе
ôܡʯͣȫ亹ҵķô˲
ȫһƬžĹ̫̫ϬôԶǶñ
ʵ
ǿĹͫ΢Ĺ̫ϬķҲûĵҲ˵սܱնУȻˣ
𳤽ĿʯһۣпĲǽ棬ǿռ䡣
һʼĽûнӴʯߵƤǿռ֮пʯߵķ
̶ֳȣÿռ䷨򣬲ҪɱˣֱԿռ֮ɱڰٲ֮⣬ռ٣Ҫʮѣ
ͨռ䷨߿£ͨռ䷨Ľ͸£ռȽӷ
𣿡
ʯ߾ԲǶԱ̫Զ
û˻Ϊʯ崫ˣȻ칬칬бȽϵײģʯ߱츳죬군мֻԵ״̬µʯߣȻôң
̫̬ˣʵ˵ǿ
սӣ˺һʯȻ˵ܲӣǰܵó׵ף޻֮
оǰʱˣڶ֪ǰ׻˭ˡ
һʼǶΪСħɡгաǰڣһһǿսʤӣñ˷룬˱
˻и£㿴ӿʼڣһֱڱӣôҵսô̬治ɫ˵ô
µлһˣҲܸ֮֮ʣµʮ߳սȫʤڵڶݶӵĳɼҲǶ⣬п빫һ𣬶Եһݶӵĩβսŵλδرֵס
ĺˣھǰȴܵң´һʼھһһеӣ·鶼޹Ƶģ֮ǰӵƣֵսעǣͷβһֻӣĸӵëһֻŮŻôҲ̫˰ɡ
ѵʲô֮
εһ䣬ҳ̶Ѿ󡣡
ҶȲˣ뿴ǽְ
˵ţʱ̨˵ĳ¶԰Ң
һȫڣ
һıڰҢ˵Ϊ칬ʮڵĵӣλֵһ䣬кܴԭΪҢˡ
Ϊ칬棬ҢȻҲʵˡ
ңľָУûгҢҲڴҢʵᵽʲô̶ȡ
Ңûϵɡ
ڰҢϳ֮ǰʦֶ԰Ң˵ȻǶ԰ҢģǾ̫̬ܲס
һáҢһ
ţͺã²öԸչ¶ʵѾͬСˡ
֪
ҢĲִ米̨һսѹС


1296 ˫ǶԾ
Ңָ̣
Ңվ̨֮ϣֳһؽԾ¡ɫĮȻǱ⼣߰ߵĳ
ҢҢ
ϯҵĻǺ칬ҢĵȻࡣ
Ңƽһս䣬ƣֻˣ»һ·ȥΡСħɡг˸ǲ˵
ֻ˵ҢùҢѾǿˣݣҢʵǰ´࣬ڣһƥɱһһͣһаˣһӣһ˵Ψһӣˣ𶼻𾴼ֵ̫Ŵܣһ˫ͫһз⻹ò˻ˡ
ѹܲ
ϾǶҪƽߣܲÿܲңĶ־¾ˣʵߵףƫƫûκα
ְɡ˵
Ңûκοȳ֡
񹦣
Ңһó칬䣬һ˲䣬Ңƿʼǣһֱǵ˫ûͣԭ
ƱڵԪ֮ȫԭ
ţ񹦣
΢΢ľֱƱĹа֮ƣӷȱа֮󣬶а֮ǱԵģƺǳ־Եģһ㿴ȷʵ񹦸ǿа֮صа֮г֮׻֮һ㲻Ǻܱȵġ
û뵽ҢѾڶ׶ˡ
Ңȷʵ츳ˣҢķ̨ҲǧɣȻ˺ܶ࣬ΪҢУ̨˵һУһƼϣҢܴ漣ɡ
һ䣬ԭǣڿٵڶ磬ġ磬ҢڣѾ˵磬ڲС
䣬ÿһֶɳ죬ܴ𣬶ǵ֮
ں񹦵ĸ֮£Ңˣ˲ɱ
Ңǽϵں񹦵֧֮£һն˿ǿߵȫһ
һºһһֻ黭̫ں϶ڿγ̫ͼ̫ͼת·ҢĽ̫ͼϣһĻˣ⽣⾹Ȼͬţ뺣ʧ
ʲô
Ңд󾪣Ϊһսһת񹦣ȫһһǿȴ·ǿһȭ޻ϣûʹ
ô£
Ңϸ룬ʱ򣬾Ѿһ
һ⼣߰ߵĳɫ⻪ֱ̰ҢĿڣһɲǣһУ˵ĺڰɫޱȹĹ
ҫն
ҢҧأȻһµĽصĻײһ໥û⡢Ԫ֮һɲǷ·һεˣʲôҲûʣ£Ĺ졣
ּĸоðҢжµûţµʽ̫ˣսޱѹֵĸо
ݣ
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ͼתƺҪ֮һС
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Ңд󾪣к磬֮ϣƾҢ¼ս
һ彣ʮµĽԽԽ죬ԽԽҢʽײ֮󲻶ϵļټ𣬶ɢڿռ֮УΡ
ǼޱȵĹȴûκο͵ּΥ͵ĸоڳڶǲԣоúܡ
ܿ죬³ʮ
ҢǿӦȻЩǱæƾһԪˣ
ҢԪǿʵҪ£ֻǷ棬ռ˺ܴƣҢĽ⣬ĪıɣҢŪµôġ
ҲǰҢк֧֣ǻһˣˡ
µʲôȻڳǿѹưҢʦ֣
ʦƾԪǿȣⷽ滹ǾѹƣǾΣˡ
ô־Լ磬ʦֻһƣǾǳ־칬ĺ񹦣г־սõĹֻҪʦְѾ־սǾӮˣ
Ң磬Ԫ಻˵ԽתϢָսȥȷʵ־ãսôãҢȷʵû̫ģһֱսȥ
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óģʮ
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磡
ͼһѿҢһ˲䣬Ԫ飬ȫȾѪ嵹ɳȥ

Ңصˤڵϣһ֣Ңûʲôˣվ¿Цһ˵ˡ
ԭµʮĽһ׽УǰʮΪһ̵棬Ңûܿе̫Զ
ʤ
̨ȴζʵаҢʣһΪ˱ӣڶΪ˸칬һ棬ԭպӵĹ⣬ҢʾҪ¡޾ӵĺ棬ʵеѿ
Ңһսûκ漣ʵǲе
Ǻ칬ǵ̲ѽ̾һʮɫĵӣȴܵôңȻҲҢʱ˲йء
á
µ˵һ䣬̨Լλã𳤽ֱֻ֮СãʼĿڤ˼
һĻڳڹڶЩ⵽һ˰
ʵôǿǾֹô֡
žսʤҢһʽϢһʱʱ䣬ڶֿʼ
һսǡ
̨һսʼʱȫڶˡ

ǵĴԾ
ʯһս˵ӡ̫ˣһз۾ͬʱӵǿʱշսʤ
һĻҲӡƺǱޡ
̬ϣؽһս
Ƕ֪˭Ӯ
̨ʱһֱĿڤľ¾Ҳ۾ۿĶԾ


1297 ʯ
̨֮ϣһ£ϲŰɫıֳվɫɲ԰ף۾ǡ
һ£ֳַѪǹվñֱ
עܾˡͻȻڡ
Цˣ˵Ҳǡ
һֱһս̨ʱǶ״̬ΪʮףҲòһֱȵڡһսڴѾãһ㾡ȫ
Ҳǡ
һģһĻشҲԱ˴˵ӡ




սû򣬹ڱ㿪ʼźֵģǸῡܣǵȻȼĶԾ겻ʱܹĦһΣ˵һĻԵѧϰʽսҲܿ۽硣
֣ѡͻȻһһŮתһֻһŮ羫һƾճ֣û˿ôֵģ·ԭһ㡣
Сħɣ
ܶ˲ϳŮħʼĵϵˣӵһѪͳŮӣǱһ
СħߣһȫɢʥϢİŮӣ˵ȻǱˡ
εȻģ壬ƺԶһƬ֮С
ŮԶһݵĹͷ꣬ЬͿɰײ£ͷоỴ̈гա
ΡгաСħ֣ͬʱۿıһ㣬ҲܿһսķǱѰ
СħʦãҢ˳֣кǾʶ
Ңʦ֣еء
СħĺĺҢЩεӣ˵ˣķڷСħʦ㣬ˣô
Сħ츳ߣ̫Сʵսʵ̫Կ
СħɿЦţƤ˵£
ҢһͣεҡͷȻСħʶǰҢҲ֪Сħɵ׳ɳһ;Ȼǿ󣬵ҪսʤСħɣ²ôףСħɵʵһǧݣǳԷˮʵ˯һͽһ̨ף˭ܱȣ
ֻϧСħƺԶ̫أҪгһĿޣڵʵֻߣ
̨ϣӻߵм䣬ʼ
һ˲䣬ˡ
ٶȼ죬֮ľ룬ֻҪʮ֮һգ۵ʱӹ
ݣ
ɳ۵ͬʱӰһΪģ
ռ侵
ĸͬʱӳеһʱ䣬ܷ򶼱סˣ
ͫһ֪ڷ̨ʱ򣬾ܻû˸ռ侵ֻǻûĸ̽ԵĹǾ̽ԵĹҲޱȣ𼸸ڷ̨ϻ޾İ˵ռ侵ĹҲй֮޲
ֻĵĺ𣬿쵽˼ٶȣͬʱᴩ塣
꣡
⴩ڵϣʯƤ飬ǷǲűôȻһĻ𺳸л̫ǿˣȻµǿֻǲӰٶ̫죬òӰĲ棡
ٶȣȻûʧһ׼ȷ˵ĸǱһģһ˵Ҳͬ
˵仰ĲŻʧ
ڹڶ̨ϵĸ߸ֲ٣ΪĸǾ񣬶ǻ󣬾Ǿճˣȫһ
ĸ۾ͬʱʼ任ͫССֱСһ㣬һ˫۾вػƣ۾ΧѪܣҲ΢΢͹
Ȼͫ
˫ۣҲɫ״̬µ״̬
ҵһ׹ΪͫͻȻڣʦڸҵǿؼһ㣬ͫ״̬֮£ҵʱշܷӳǿڣҪˣ
֮ǰȻ൱ţ
ȻҲΪ˾ԵĹƽֻƾԵı죬ǿ״̬¶Ծһ
ȫڣɴ˫ۣΨִκһ˲䣬ʽȻʱշ򣬶ǽʱ䡢ռ˫ط⾳ıַ̬֪жǿ
ܶˣΪһѺΪչ¶ģҲǻϵ⾳ѡ
ʱʼƶŲĲ֣п򲻶ƺһռԹĸӰƲУʼ룬һΪķΪˣ
ó˰˵ռ侵
˵ռ侵ĵռ侵ǿһֹ
꣡
˸ͬʱѪɫĽ֮ϣһҺɫĹâʵʻĿռ֮
أ
ռһ˲ˡ
˱ÿһûǧ⣡
һʱ䣬춼鲼ĽӰЩӰãҲǿռ侵
Կռ䶼ͶӰ⣬޴ڡ
˶һĻǳǧâһܷ򣬶ÿһâ̺ʱ䷨򣬸޷жǵĹ켣ٶٿ죬Ҳܣ
ڷǸЦЩâںΪһʯɵɽҪɷɻң
ô
ǧһɲǣа֮£Ŷݼ׿ŷ֮ѪҲȼòȫԸ
ʢɣ
һ߿죬һѪĵţɿռ䱬ǵصӭǧâ
ͣ
âɿռ䣬֮μҵײ
ɽĺ֮ΣâʶϣͬʱâҲɢΣ
ɿռ䣬ѹһ壬ֻõ֮һĴУҲޱȿֲ

ıըϯǧâ˲ںɿռб˾ųɾţ
ʣµĽâ嵽Χǹɨͬβǹлһ£ֻһı죬ʣĽâȫ飡
һлع
ڳῡܶɵˡ
죡ⶼܵ
ǿɵʽȻƽˣһеĺɿռ䣬ȷʵǿʽ֮һһóƥС
һɲǣȻһ̤ĺɿռӿȫ
ոóһУѾδŴ󿪣
ȻŹᣬԼٶ£Ȼһǹֱ

ɿռ佫Уһ˲䣬ѸţԪɿռֽ⣬ûĿռ侵Ҳʼģ
ֻǧ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬ͷֱı壡
׷磡
һǹ̳â˸
õĲĻ裬ʽٶ׷磬սʱת˲ţʱƴľǷٶȣ
ٶȿ쵽˵ķӦоâһĿ
ϧ
ɲǼ䣬˵ӰںһȻһŤתһ˼ĽǶб̳ȥ


1298 һս
һ켣Ϊ죬ǹҲǹǹâǹգ
һ̳ʱͫһâ
һ̣ɿռиתȫӰ֮ͫС
ռ֮
ϸŵĿռ֮Ȼֻ꣡ʮ֮ĳαжϣһɲǣѹŲȾ裬ϳһӰһţٶȿ쵽

ƿɿռ䣬ηɳͬʱһǹҲգصײڵ֮ϡ
ʯƤʯҷɣ
ţƿҵĺɿռ䣡
һ˿֮ɫʵĺɿռԭͲǲƣɿռԽλãǿȱԽ󣬶ԽԵǿԽСԾѺɿռ֡
ղŲԾѣͫΪ˺ɿռתһпɿռ䣬Ͳˡ
ҵĺɿռ䡭ûңӦ˵Ҹûɣ
ţΪɿռͫԪǲĺˣʵӹɣ䣬Ҳֲ
ȻǣͲԪĴˣħӵ֮·ʱ򣬻ԪѾδ֪һЩкż
ʱûͨԪΪ̫ͣ츳ҲԣʧȻġ
Ԫ⣬ֻѧһƤë
ɷµΨһӣְֵḶ̌ĵطһɽͬʱӵеĸԴҲޱϡ
пɱԣ
Ϊɿռ䣬ͫƣҲΪˣ
ҽɣ֮֮ͫͫ£зΣ
ֳѪŵ˵
ⷬ˵ǣ΢΢һЦ𣿺ܲɣҲڷţԣ
ˣȫڶһ¡
ղ˵֮ͫȻܶ˸еû취ɣϾʵ˭սûģʽһۿƣʲô
Ȼ˵ԼڷҲţ
ķ֪ˡ
ϵشɣϵһ㣬ǳ뻯ʱաʵЩ㡣ʵⲻ˵̫̬ˣ
ʵȷʵжϣϸȫλǿٶȡ򡢹ꡢ־ûκһ£ȫǱƽˮƽ
ҲֻǱƽ⣬Ķ⣬˵ĸоǣûһġӲС涼ǿǸ涼޵еġ
ͫڷ棬޵С
κˣ÷սͻᱻû˷򣬻ô
˵ʱշ滹˾˵ĳɾͣս㲻÷򣬶ȴãⲻǵŰô
ڣǿĺɿռ䣬Ҳܶ˶ΪһѺое顣
Ҿһķ򡣡
ֳֳӰһΪˣ߸ӰǴ߳һռ䷨̶ֳȣʩչռ侵Ѿᣬ硣
ѪǹһתԪ磬а
γ˾޴а֮Ӱ
ֱ죡
ڳڣʶа֮䣬Ƕа֮ȴӡٻа֮׻ӲӵĿռ
֮ͬ£ϵƿռ䷨ʲôɼһͬСɣڣа֮Ը
飡
һǹ̳ٻڷѪǹ֮ϣϻܣֱ
֮Ļ棬ǱѰ治ɫһ˫һͫʣж۵ף
ʲôһ֣켣Ʈ죬Կͫоգһʹ
֮ףĻϵȻһ߲ͬ߶ȸߣҵͫҲǡ
ţͻȻ˫Ŀȼϻ棬Ŀĺͫзһ㣬۾Χ͹ԣѪţޱ
ͫգ
Ȼգڷ̨ϣѾʹùһΣͫһ״̬ͫӵж״̬ͬʱµʱ״̬뿪ڳš
ȻԶԶﲻ̶ֳȣǵձƷ
ˣ
Ұ֮Уת
ɣ
˸ͬʱһ˱֮ϣǧɿռ֮пռ֮һ㹥
ռ֮Ϊ޿ײ룬жһУ
Ŀ֮£Щռ֮ȫ֮
ϻ𣬱ЩһĿռ֮ע֮Ȼšһ죬ȫը
籡Ϲ䣬Ļ飬Ҳˣ

һо˫Ŀʹ۽ǵһЩ磬˵ѪԵޱȣ񺣺ڣóջǼΪǿԪ֮һ۾ɺܴĸʹþˣ۾ͻΪѹѪܱ飬½׶ʧ
״̵ֺֻ̬ܱܶʱ䡣
սгʱֻ۾ȼջ棬̫ͬһ㣬۾ΧɢľѪܣ̫⡣
ԵЩ
˵ȻҲɣﲻָ߶ȣ
а֮Ϊ䣬̶ȱȻԪߡ
ҲûָԶżз䣬ǲȱģֻû㹻磬޷жа֮Ƿа֮ףҪϵոףа֮Ĳϳɳ
а֮ڷľ̶ȣѾʮֿţҪܲס
ƳҵգôսٽβˣΪ״̬ౣְʱ䡣
˸ͬʱ˵ǿʼƲпʱĿɿڴһĻˡ
壬ȻٶȷѣһΪ˱ʮ
ʮǰ
ʲô
ڳȫĪЩʥǴʧɫʮؾѾ˿ռ䷨⾳ˣ
ȻֻǴ̤⾳ԶҲ˸еˣ
̫ˣˣ
벽ʥǿߣҲﵽزѣ۷Ѿϰ벽ʥˮ׼ˣ
˰ˣʱţѾǵˡ
ʮ괥⾳ѾĻѶƵĿռ䷨ڳܶῡԲλ࣬ʵ̫Զˣ
ˣ״̬ңҲֻܴһǣ㹻ˡ
ʮͬʱĮ˵


1299 þ
һҲǿһ
֮ǰ˸ļ幥Ѿ˿ֲûʮӰͬʱͫ״̬֪
а֮ӳֵĻϵ⾳飬ҲƣκηƺֻҪ÷򹥻ܵǯƣ
׻֮˵ӡʼձʱշһοӵͫͫΪһ䣬һΣɼһߡ
һҪˡ
һ൱ţ
һɫ㣬ãû취һս
µҲֻһˣΨһһпܲķ򹥻߶ȸ֮һС
һ̣ȫ£ıٶȸֳа֮Ӱ
һӰûõģӰͷų׻Ȼһܿƣ
Կ䣬֮ǰѾˡ
ĶԾʱȻͬʽϹŷ߶ΪһѺ׻֮һ
һվ𣡡ʮһʮֱ
䣡
ʱŤһѾﵽߵļ£
ͬʱҲǹˡ
ȫ־ս顢֮Ԫȫעһǹ֮Уһ̣ͬɽһ緢ڶɾںϵķƬҲһ̱
ԽԽǿ󣬺ܿͳ
ǿҲãõý飬ֻҪƵķ֮أܰɣ
һеĽâ۳һ⣬ſռ֮ʱ֮һϯ
һ̣磬а֮յ׻֮ȫӿ֮УͻȻ˿ֲХ֮֮һƬɫ֮
׺֮УХɱӿҽ֮ӣ

棡
ֿ񱩵ڿн֯޾ز
þ׻˫٣
óԼǿһҲԴǿ
ǣ
ں칬𿴵һĻȻɴ˫ۡ
֮ͬķ߶ȣٻ٣
ҲΪ֮ݣͬĹǸ䣡
һ䣬ﵽ֧ĵزҲҪ߾УȻ߾ܴﵽġ
ΪʼʱѾﵽ˼߾磬紴ĹҪ޳ɣôҲҪǴﵽһС
ͱҪͫ£ҪΪ
ڴ֮ǰͫҲֻܷӳٵһѡ
þȴȫͬڴʽȫھͽӵ£
ȫĹҲʺĹ
䣡
Хն˳ɫɫ
һǹײһ
һ̣˫ĿâҪþȻһ˫ĿʹֻҰȫǳ϶ɫããһƬ޷׻ٵɣ
ʲôд󾪣վȻҲʽ
һ򣬲˵þͫǿ󣬶Ϊͫϵ̶Ȼ
׹ͫķ߶һ٣þʮһͫĹֻٷ֮һȻһþٷְˡ
ǲڣ֮޷ơ
͸Ҳֻ㾡ȫײ
ȻԭԪǿټϰŶݼױҪοٽ֮
䣡
ǹâ뽣âײ̨ʯƤ͵ϯʯƤʧֻ¼Ӳبʯػͬĩһ龰
磡
֮⣬ʮռ侵ȫһɲǱ飡
ı壬ҲΧסǹâ屻ǹâõɳȥ
磡
ΧĻռȱ飡һһ鿪
ǣ
ռѣҲڲڣѪڱѣǿĳ͸ķɵ˺ͳ

һ̣ĻԪ֧Ųסը
ǧһ֮ʣһ͸֧ȫĿռ֮۹һǹâֱѹ
һʱ䣬۽ѪܶѣѪɣҲȻ³һѪĵʮŵأǿվȡ
̧ͷһ˫ȾѪ۾ͫĻ棬顣
㾹Ȼܴʽͫ޷
˵䣬һֱѪ
о㵣þǿʽˣڷѹƣҲȫǹ£Ȼ֧ŵ̶ֳȣûѪء
ȷʵǿñ̬֧ΪĿռ䷨ʵ̫ǿ۹ǷѪˡ
ûеأһսղ״̬ĸѾͬʱʱ͸֧ǱѾĹˡ˫ۣ潥ɢͨͫʣɫҲ԰ףԪĵʣĳɡ
Ҫǣ۾Ϊ̫أѾѪܣ޷ٿͫˡ
һսѶ
ڷ߶ǿҲ㣬Ǳ˦ʮ֣һιУٻְܱ˳ɵս
ֵϣսˡ
䡣
ǵѪĬĬ˵
Ĵȫ˵Ĺϯѻȸ
һս
ʤ
ܣ
ϣϾҲǿ˭ʤ˭ֻ֣սḶ̫́ˣ
̫ǿˣĻҪǰˣ
治֪СħɡǴʲô
Һ֪һʲôôصĸо
ڳĲߣȻʶ٣ǸҲѾڤڤ֮еĸӦ
ҲͬУҾãʽһЩǿʩչʱơ
ⲻ֪ǲļޣǼ޻ãǼޣǾ̫ˣ
ں칬սǳĬ
֮ĵ̾һ˵ĳΣ
Σ
Ҳص³һȻҲһ㡣
仹˵䣬ǱЩϲģֻ˺һ֣Զɵ䣬ҲҪܶࡣ
Ǳʮһꡣ
̫̫ʱ䣬Ųǰ̣ĳɳһȻᱻϵƣƣֱ̺򣬴ﵽ˼ĸ߶ȣԱ䣬ԪĻԪ⣡


1300 ħ
𳤽Ŀһۣ˵һսķڷһΣҪӮ㣡
⻰ѾܶˣΪֹûκһӦ顣
һȫڶǰզࡣ
ػ԰
Ѿܿˣ񡣡
ˣǿʵ˵ǵʷ̫ţԾͳ˿ʵԸƣƽʱ̲һͷһˣ
ûٻػת³ĿıӰǱȷʵǰܵκһӵеġ
ǸոտͫʵڱڣûȫӳʱգȻΪ
Ȼţɳÿ죬Լɳø죬̨ʮףʮ⾳һ⾳κ˶ûеġ
ⳡս˵ֶξˣ滹кüɲţһսӮס
ԺУĽܷѩ
ԭĽܷѩͲǰʵĽܷѩ󣬵ͬģĶʵҲĽܷѩϡ
ڣʮ֮һˣûʲôա
ȷʵǿþӮ
μӵһ䣬һڴ֮ͥóþʵ޷
һսĶֲ֪˭ӦòСħɡгա˰ɣǾ¾δˡ
ʮУ۵ʯߡǲ̸ǰļˣ˭Ҳ޷жǿֻд֪
Ͼ£ҲȫһսԷʮİԽеںΪһһʵڿֲ
ڶֵڶսСħɶ𣡡
Ӳ־𣬺ȻͰı
ӱϾӵѪˣһ֮ڼʱȥټʹøֺҩѾָ۷״̬
Ӱһ˲һĳ̨ϣǰɫëƾճ֣ӰƣҹһСħҲ̨ϣΨһĻڳܶڷ
Сħʵ̫ῡܵˡ
ΡСħɣ֮Ů񣬱εءʥ࣬Сħɵ鶯ɰò֪ῡܳ˼ĺ룬οСħڷѪĺڷ֮ѪܵõԪĻôֱ
ԼʿԴƣ츳һԾǧҿֱӡڻ򣬽Է˯ʵܵõߣ
ĺô˭Ҫ
οСħɱŮүүħʼȢСħɣһ죡
ӴЦСħɣù濡Σ㣬һμôĵĵһ䣬Ϊ˼һ棬Ҷ㣬ĽѾˣ
Ӵ˷˵ڳῡܶʱֱۡ
ƤȳǽҪһ·Ӯ˵һģ˭˵ʲô趼ʶҲ˵һģ
ֱǰ˵ҾǼҰҰ
ɵƣⱲûôɵƵģ
˵ʵȵôңվһƤ
Ĺȥˣģ˵ʤ̭ǿʳʲô˵ʲôȫƾԼϲã˵ͲƤһ˵
ϯϳһƬٿƤٺˣǰҲʰ·硣
СħԼε°ͣµĿӣֱСħŮİһ㡣
ô˵ǲǸñʾأ
̸ϣ˵Щֻϣҵ⣬Ҳˣǻһ𣬻ᱻǳ嵭ѪºԽԽһ壬ҳΪۣǵۺ󡣡
Ҳ٣
ϯϣѾˡ
ܲˣȾң
ɵɨȥɣ
ӣȻȾָСħɣҪСħȢȥ֮ͥ£ǽǣǷˡҪӮˣô˵Ҳˣؼ֮ǰúܲңô˵ڳῡܶˡ
˵ҪȢԼСħɾȻҲգЦðҽķһҪܴӮңҪһҪӮңҾͼ޸㣡ءҪңҵūΣ
СħɣҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ˾ū˭ҴӦ
ȻţҲҴӦҵѪδѣһѣΪһǧڵĳɾͲδһ죬һΪǿۣ
ҵţϳŹ˵ɡ
Сħ˵ţͻȻ֡
һķСħɱ󣬳һֻ޴ĺڷӰɫëɫĻ棬չ죡
һ̣һʥƴϢ
ǿķϢϵѪ֮
аоͷЩȣǹŷӡǣ¶˳ͬԴ֮ѪѪŨȣȻԶԶСħɣʹãڵѪСħѹơ
˴ĹŷﾫѪȴˣϹŷǿߣѹƵþ͸ˡ
״̬Сħɣĸ֣ʵҲԼСħɵĶ֡
ꪴ̳ռ֮ת
£
꣡
ռ֮Ҫƾռ֮סǺڷˣȻʵʵ̫ԶȻչᣬֱӽеĿռ֮飡
Ǭ
һꪻӳСħɺǺǽЦֽгһһָϸıӣɳͨںڣһ˿
ޣ
λϯϣһ̲ס
ܶĳƺţޣޣʵֻǱͿţĸйϵ
Сħɵӣȴһƶɣ᲻ɴݣһ޳ԷĻԪֱ͸裬ҿԳ꣬Ϊֲ
磡
ӵײһ𣬱ƹꪸˣسӡ
д󾪣ȫ屩˳ȥ
Ȼһͬһ㣬ֱ׷ٶȿò˲׷ӵǰ
ȣ
ӴһҪꪵֵȻȴǳˡ
СħӰһźеĳ˲ᴩӵĻԪ͸룡
ۣ
ӵĩҹᴩӵļѪ
˵˻ʲôȻСħааһЦȫԪתⳤһĲӡ
ħ
һ̣ΧﷶΧеԪȫСħɻ۶ͬڵԪѪ֮ƬȫСħɵħͬ籩һϯ
ЩȫСħɵ֮УӴʧɫ
ʲô
оԼѸţŲʱģԵģ
СħԪ֮
ħħʼ䣬ԵնֵԪΪԼãֱӵ¶ԷΪͣҲɻָ
ǶΪСħɿɰΪСħħʼŮҲһħŮ
ӣðСħɣ³


1301 г
Ůң
ӵĲҽУʶʲôԭʶħ
ͬʱ֡
ʱӰһСħ֮䣬һӣֱӱһɿɨ˳ȥ
ͬʱתһ£һƷֱжСħ֮ϵ
ΪУȻ鷢СħɾȻֱӵѪ̫֮ˡ
ݣ
ֱ˻һصˤ˵ϡ
Сħһֻںһ㣬ƮƮأɫ԰׵ӣųһааЦݣ¶һԿɰС
һĻڳ߶ñһСħɿɲǸʡ͵ĵƣֹڣΪϷ䣬ħԸ
ڶ֮ǰ˿оСħɵŭɱʼЦġ
һЩСħɵ˵ῡ̲סӣ￪ʼԼССħڵġ
ûйӲı£ĸȥСħŮ֪ôġ
Ů㣡дŭ
ôˣСħգźĴ۾һ޹
ôˣĺ££ԲܾôˣѾ̽ӵȫԪһӿһɰ롣
Կ磬ķ򶼱ħ࣬ҪҪһ๦
ʧ˵ʵ̫ˣᵢǵĳɳ
Сħһָɫ԰ףԵӣί˵ܹôǸղѵûԼ˵ĶһѽûУδҪΪѽûУԳأ𰡣˼һŮӣϳ֮ǰܽأ
´򲻹ȻҪȫԸľħұΪɵģ˭ֽ֪
Сħһ̯С𣬺۾·˵޹˼㣬Ƕ˵ģΪ̫棬ûзֱӵʵһС֡
Сħ仰ˡ
ڳῡܣ˺һЦ
ȻСħɾǸĺСħŮ顢ʵ˸оɰޱȡ
ӣЦ⣬СħɾǸǻħʼվôǻҲû˸ҽΡ
㡭ܺãϷ򲻹˵Ǽ٣ڿյԪеһߴ
ˡСħҡҡͷҲ뻹ȥϧûⱾأһͻѹһضλãΪҵרħ˶òˡ
ħɱ˵ΪǿԼҲǿħߵ磬Լ֮ͱ˵֮ǷֿģôΪ˱֤ȹ̡
ưոݣʱǶ˺ӱԪȰλΪֹһ㣬Сħɵүүħʼں칬עⳡأλǰϲŭ޳ɱʲôսģҲðŻˣŲŻȥͣ㡣
ӵһͬһˮ߶ʱˡ
ƽŹˣ죬ߵˡ
СħɣӲúܣ
ɵƣ⣬ã
ˬɵƣСħ̫ˬˣ
ڳսῡܶǽԴϲͿˡһսǵһܾʼֵһս
СħɵʵҲܿ¡
ⳡսעĲСħɱӵĳж໶֣Сħɱʵ
СħóħӵԪѪ֮ѾǳֲħȻֹڴˣյǰװ˷ˣǴ洢СħڣȻܹʹóֱӹ֣ǲħǿĹ
ڶֵ
¶Իš
һıźܸɴ࣬ˡ
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һЩſαֵĹЩʧ
֮ǰθûʲôĶ֣ÿһսûʩչʲôʵúܶ˲εķʽġ
¡ǣȻҲһɲĸо֪ǵʽ
ָҢܹñʩչһЩֶһսȴû
Ң治á
֮УĽܷѩ˵ӦǺ칬ʵһ꣬칬Ͳ̫һҢŲףٰһ䣬Ҳ˳ͷ˼
ڣ̫࣬ҢսһһΪֹûӮҽø࣬ӣҢ򲻹
Լô࣬°Ң̬ҲЩˡ
ڶһгնʯߣ
ʯߵǺԸ񣬲䡣
гգ˶˵ǿҲǿǲս䣬ҵķ񣡡
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г˫ֺʮһ񣬻˵ʩ˵ЦˣɽȻ񣬵гսʮ䣬ѧģվޡ
гһ˵ܶڵȷʵˣɽʮ꣬иֹؼѾǹ࣬˾ǿٶĹҲֻѧѣѧꣿ
гֵɽ䣬һ˰гմ㿪ʼѧϰ޶ۣΪֹֻһƤëһ˰ǿпɣһȭͨȭһèǽ
гⷬ˵ʯЩɵۣΧĹҲǼ
⹦֡Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôè򣬸ķ־ʲôģͲ硣
СħɵħͫͰأͬһ㡣
һȣͨȭʲôļֱˡ
ͨȭãҾͼʶһ
ʯ˵űˣһ־ͿŶݼǰţͬϵҲһõ£гգɲС
ڵʯߣг˫һչȫͷǵ
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磬˸Ӧʱһִֻʯߵĳһһʵ޻ʽȴûгճһ㡣
һͱгͽֲˣ
ʲô
ʯд󾪣ӦʱгѾһȭȻʯߵĻԪϣ
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Ԫܱгһȭҵùѿ
ʯ־ֻţгյս̣ȫ
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
ʯߵԪܳױ飡гյָ͸ʯ߷ĵʯ߱ĳһ㡣
һ㣬ʯȫ˲飬еĳҲֵˣ
ã
гӰһصһʼվλã·ͷβûһ㡣


1302 Сħ
гʤ
ӴڳڻЩû
гմͷβûʹκηԪõòԣôսʤʯߵġ
гգֻǿʽȡʤģ
о˼飬гյĳ֣Ķʯ似е㣬ʤǿûһ˿˷ѣû÷˾档
гѸݵĿʯߣڶԷʽ¶һ˲ǿèǽ
èɽè˵ݵɽèӼߵˤгյèǽ׵ͶˣʵֱףֱӵĶﵽõЧһ׾ʵδҪһų棬èǽĽ飬Ҫʤһ
֪λɽǰ书ȴипʱĽܷѩ˵ɽӣԳƿɮЩɽǰʱ䶼̿Сз𷨡һʦǴ֮󣬶Թֲ⣬ֻʲôȡһģҲɽ׷ľ硣⹦Ƿܵ˵Ҳ⣬ܶˣûڹԼ
ֲɽܹôãһ͵ţÿ£ڵߣһĿޣˣ˭ǣ
Ȼһţ˭Ǿͷ񱨸˭ȻҲ˼ɵʱˣܿϾб㻹ݵɽĵ͵ţԹ𣬱ǿܳ־á
гգҲǿµĶ֣ղŵʽû÷˭֪ķʲôز
ţսгգ˵ý
ʱ򣬾ڶҲˡ
̨ڶֽԤһµֵĵһ칬רⳡһĶľ֣ҿԵע֮ǰͶעӰ졣
һ˵ʱڳǵ飬ֵÿľֵģȻһ
ľֵⳡǡСħɣ
ӴһϵĹڶǷ
ⳡȷʵֵڴ
СħɺһųһŮһ˲¹ͷСŮһأԴӲμӵһ䵽δһܣ¶ǿҲǿǿ֮ǰһսսʤӵͫƵһǰδеĸ߷塣
˶һ޵еĸо޵޵УһҪʧܡ
ĻתͷСħһۣһۣСħɵĿײЦĿ
û뵽ôҪսСħɣԭΪҪսµġ
ŵ֣ȻҪѡֽ棡
һսҲǰսˣ
ӵⳡľֵǣСħʤһһģʤһţ
ýδ֪սĲȻܼǵĴ̼УҺ칬ҲܺͬʱСħһʯǧ˭Ӯ١
ȻӼע顣
Ͽ칬һСħɡСħɣҲǰ
СħɵӮ濴ǴһЩҲС֮ǰٲ˼սӮˣսСħɣҲܻᱬš
СħɣһʧܵӣȻӲҪѡһĻСħɵĸһЩϾħʼĸ׻ޡ޵ĺ겻˵漣ˣ
СħкһҪŶ
Сħ¶һƤЦݣЦҲ飬ֻûʸ񡣡
֪㻹еûóɣ߸ɶ¡
СħɵĻЩȻֱ˵ƵģҼûʲôˣǿҲ֡
С֪㲻˵Сħɷһۣתˡ
һԻЦá
һսжٰգھ֮УĽܷѩʵ
֪ҹƲСħɵʵڣҲڣһսˣǾˣҲκɣ
ɳڣǵһΣһͬ׵ĶһսȴûʮսʤԷİգοСħɵ仹ҪС츳ɼһˡ
ҪԷƱСħɵĳɳõö࣬֮һ츳Ҳʵ̫ǿһʼ˹˷˴ʱ䡣˵ʮʱЩ˶Ѿչ¶âﵽ쾳磬䡣ȴΪ丮һѧ޿֮ĳɳҲžĥѣΪħ۹еõһǿʮ޻ּҩЩ˵ǾǸЦˡ㻨ѾµĴǧ絤Сħȼ˵Ҳֻǳҩѡ
ĽܷѩһҲ½ߺƽߵļܳɳĳ̶ȣһ漣ָСԲƣҲֻп½ڶ鲻ɼſܳһ
Ľ½ĥȻ࣬Ȼ˷˺ܶʱ䣬ҲҵıƸû½֮ãҾͲõħҲҵԪĴУ޷ĥ³ҵ־һ˵ˡһܼ裬ҲǴ½һ·ֱӳĻҵĳɾͿԶڣֻһͨ˶ѣܴﵽŵĵزѾ˲ˡ
һ˵ĽܷѩҲͷ˵ĶԣֻҪ㽫һбȥܴΰ漣ʮ⾳պҲһֿܣܴﵽľ磡
𡭡һ޷ʮǰʲô龰ǷȷʵΪֹ֪µһ𣬱𡢻ԪҪ£ҲѾľ硣
ȻЩ˵̫ңԶ飬Ҫȥ룬˫Ŀʼڤ˼Ϊһսں״̬
ڵۣ֡ȫӰ쵽
ֱһʱ֮˫ۣСħ֮ľսˣ
ܶĴڹעһս𡢺ħʼҲˡ
ǸǷ֮ǰѾдĹڣСħɵĶľ֣ڹڣֻʮ֮һ뵽ľ֮Уһ˶İڣǾ漰ʮ׾޶ƸĶľ֣Ҳʮ񣬶İڶڳ˵Ĳʲô
ôĶľ֣ҲֻɳԵСֶľһѪ޹ˡ
ֳַ̨ѪǹСħվ
СħЦģû֪ĵƺʵޣƺһս
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źһ£·ѪǹȫԪСħҲЦݣֽгһޣڵıӣһ˿ȴɢһļµϢ


1303 ˫
̨֮ϣ˵ϢޱǿʢһߵȫϢһСһߵСħɣ죬ֱ
ʱСħɳˣȻһ޻ֻХ֮Сħһޣ·鿪˿ռ䣬һɽǰҲᱻһ޳ϣ
ޱһּƣҲѾ޵һɣ켣仯ˣԷ
һǹӳǹâӭһޣžžıը֮Ӱǹâײһ𣬿ֲͬ׵
Сħɵ֮У˸ȫһɫĻ棬渲֮ٶȻһΣ
ڷ˱ǿٶδرȽ١
ǺǺǺǺǣСħɷһĽЦһܶ˽֣ǸϱٶȵģûһսĿܣ
Сħͬһ˵䣬ȻһһޣǧӰǵأڱһӽȫ֣
Сħ۹ٶȻ˵ٶȣ˫ֻ˵˵һŮ츳棬ܳң
飡׹Ӱ
תּͬʱ˾ţļٶȱ
ݣ
һ˲ܿϰٵӰٶȼ죬γɼʮ
ȻӰʵ̫࣬ٶ̫죬Щող˲䱻ӰΪΣ
ҲԽԽıӰ𽥱ǣ
似㣡
λϯϣһ߷ĸпΪز䲻ж⣬һ۾ܿǿ
Ǵе⣬ĳܵ˺ܴľޣһġ
顢׹Ӱ似½ʱ򣬵ȻףǵȣԵƣˡ
о֧֣ӲٶȣıӰ֣˲ͻܡ
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СħǷһȡһ̣Ӱ֣Ҳûжķ
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ţͬʱ֮ȻһΣϢ֮籬ֱѹڻҵԪ

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Сħһ˿֮ɫ棬ô๥ȻҲûڵĹҲֻһˣһȫԸȰ㻹ǸϽȫóɣúѿŶ
Сħ˵䣬ƽ˫ۣһ̣ΧﷶΧڣеĻ֮ȫϯ۳һ޴ԪУϵƼСħһڷ˵ӰӣѾӰһֻ֣ͬһĺڷˣ
źڷ˵ĳ֣һ޵ѹȫ
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ԳʮֿչһߣܹɽСħɽСȫ
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СħЦţŴĸ׵ǿ壬²ǿҲ걬ߡ
Ÿ߿и߸СħɣڳڶЩɵˣûڷ֮СħɣֱͬҹŮһ㣬ʡѾͬնȫɢʥϢ
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Űվ̨룬ͬһ˱ǹվñֱ
Сħչڷ֮ؽһ׿սСħɾԲһһлܵĶ֣ΪԷķͬڡ
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Сħ˫һչһͬʱȻһ
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а֮ѹСħɵĺڻ
һ̣а֮·ȼ֮УڷӰ㣬ಫ


1304 ѹСħ
ֻûӰ
ϯ˺а֮Ӱ֮ǰӵĿռ䷨ͬ»ϵռ䷨ӡ̡Ȼ֪Ӱô£ֻҪٻӰսͱ
СħɿŷĿâа֮Ӱһۿǻϵɵġ
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СħɷһĽЦʵǿսȴУ㾹ȻԻϵԸң
ǻϵڣȻûϵԸܲЦ
Ļϵ֮飬Żϵߵ㣡Ǻڷﻯ֮ҿûϵҪСճɽ̿
Сħɽһ죬Ļˣûʽ֮Уһʱ䣬ֲĺ׻޾Ļ𺣣նǺڲӲӵһƬ
ͬĩհĳڳڷ׷׷ʮҲо˿ҪȼܶῡȫſԪǿСħɵĻ֮
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һ̣Сħɻʧɫ
ǧһ֮ʣ£˫ᣬԿĺڷ˳򣬰סԼ塣
ڷ֮»գȻ͵ıը֮УСħɻػ
һ屻ͬһȼյһֱɳȥ
¡
Сħֱ̨֮⣬ֲײʯϯ̮һƬǹϯʥǿػ󱲣һײҪһȺ
̨ԵѾڻԲӣԼ֮еСħɣڳڣǾþò


1305 Խ
ʮڵһƬž޴ȼŻ棬ʯڻҽֲһϮԲʮﷶΧ¶ͬ¯һ㡣
Сħ֮У嶼ҽǣˡ
ǿ󳬳˵ԤϣȼվѪΪۣӲڻϵϸǹСħɡ
Сħˣ
û䣬ֻǱ˶ѣ
СħɵʵԭĻǿ̬£ȻҲѹСħɣ
˵ţ֮еҽȻըСħչ˫ֱ
ɱ˲䣬£˫ᣬټϻԪӲĳһ
ڷ˵ĳ̶̳ȸ鱦۹иһ磬۷Գȫһ
СħףȻûĳҲѾﵽƷˮ׼Сħɵɹ˿ɷ
ʱСħɣ˫ȾѪҲ΢һ΢΢԰ףƽ˼ĸо
Ȼһ˵Ҳᡣ
Сħɳӣһ֮壬Ȼ̬
ڷѪСħɵĲǷͻ׺Ͷȣǿ壬СħɵһҲҪһܡ
СħƮƮڷ裬΢·ûԵǱһС
СħɿڵͬУһ˵ҵˡ
СħȫûΪκο֮Сħɿͬ޵С
Ҳˣ
ҲͬУһҵ̶ֳȵˡ
òСħɵ츳ղŵһȷʵռϷ磬ǱˣСħֻжʮ꣡
ٸСħʱ䣬ɳʵ᲻
һ䣬츳ǿδɾߵˣҲǱΣгգСħɡ
ǽһʮ⾳ϵĵ·츳ϣҲȲСħɡ
СħɿƾճһֺɫУͬǺӣתš
ǡħ
ڳڷħħʼ䣬ޱȣħʼʩչ˲Ѫ
Ϊ׹ħʼ⣬ʥ֮ʱ򣬾ѾħĳΣʱǡ
СħҪʩչħˣ֪ܲܵ
еղռϷ磬ڵ״̬˭һ㣬˵׼ҾãСħɵĵ̸һЩ
ղСħɵȷˣ֮ǿһЩˣҲ̫Ӱս
ղռϷ粻٣Ҳȼ˾Ѫ
ȻԻָߵѪ֮ҲҪʱ䣬Ѫ޷һֱȼաҲ˵ղȫʤ״̬޷־õıȥ

ɫԽתԽ죬ڿУСħһͷɫƮɢͬһŭŵĺõ壡
ҵĺڷ֮δɱ䣬һɱ֮󣬻㣬ɣ
˵УҪű䣬ҲǾŴÿһһԡ
ԡķ˻øǿȻɾŴķˣȴҲ֮٣䡢߱ķˣʵѾǳˡ
Сħɣһ䶼ûɡ
ֻҪɵһ䣬СħҲᾭ٣ȫѪԡȼգҲʵͻͽȼվѪ
Сħɣǳֲ
ҵĿ꣬ǳԽ𾳽磬Ҳ谭ҵķ֮·
СħˣܶĻǾĪ
Խ𾳽磡
һţ־ΪѾ˲־ˣ˵־ΪģҪЦҢҲûô˵
Сħ˵ģȻǳԽܲܶ˲룬֮ϣо
Թ𾳽磬Ѿޱȣ֮ϣǴ翵۷ô
Сħɣ̫ˣ֮ʲô绹֪أǶû˴ﵽ
½ۣʷƾõô֪ʷû˳Ҿ˵ϹʱʮǰоǿߣѾԽ𣬶СħɣĵһţԽδزܡ
Сħɻֱֳ˵ĻǶ֮ϣĻصľ磡
ڳ˵Ѿ翣֮ϣ޷ˡ
ʱСħ󣬺ɫеѾ¡
һ㣬ħһְԵĹһԪĻϵȻǿ󣬵ҲƲסħң޷ȫħһóܻˣ䣬ü
Сħ˵䣬֮УһֺɫΪһ塣
˵棬аɡ
ȫսڣԴ֮һսֶξ
Ǿͱˣ
졪ħ
һ˲䣬ΧﷶΧеԪȫСħϯһɿֲӶԪ

ȫԪаѹ磬ȻȻԼɶƣ
ħȻԵ
һ޷סĻôĻԵˣ
а֮Ҳѹ
д󾪣а֮ѹ磬Ч΢΢
¹һｵһ֮໥ƣûһϵ޵еġ
а֮ѹСħɵķԲϵΪа֮ǻϵԿƻ档
ڣħа֮ûˡ
ΪħȲǻϵҲ򣬶ڰ
㻹䣬Ǿͳˣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲðСħɵɣСħҲ츳ʵϧѵһѾ御
ߣڤ粻飬ˣ
Сħʮָһ˲ٸɫӡЩӡȫ뵽һ֮УɫУʼѹ
һ̣սѪǹԪϵĴţôȥֻҪٹʮϢʱ䣬ͻᱻ̶ֱʧԪѪ֮
Ǿʧˣ޷ֲ
ֻƴһˣһ޷Сħɣˡ
ڣҲΨȼվѪþǿһֱӺǺɫУħ
ҪһеʱͻȻ֮Уһصӿ磬Ԫںһ
ǡһԪ
ûüϸ룬֮УѪҺ֮еҲӿ뵽磡
ϵԪ
һ̣ԪԪԪںϣ
ڴ֮ǰȻҲ˲佫ںϣȴû㣬ֱע뵽磡ΪֻԪ򣬾ֻԪһɻͨ
䣡
ͬʱѹ磬һ˲侹ȹ


1306 ʮ취֮
ͬӡ㶦֮ƣεס磬ƾħοͣҲ޷ҡ
ᷢҲΪ߶ȵĲͬ
ħȼٸߣҲǾԪϵĹԪ
ڵ磬ԪԪԪںϣʮ취֮ԪĽޣħ޷ա
ţ
ںɫ֮УСħȻһһγ֮ľ
ôҵħ
Сħɸе޷⣬ǿҲ˵ħӰ졣
ۿԼħͻȻʧЧСħʱУʱȴѾɱ
Ԫ۶
ԪԪԪںΪһȻһǹ̳еעһǹ֮У
Ԫ۶Ҳþ֮⣬ǿʽ֮һ
ڷ̨ʮ㣬ʩչԪ۶Կ̨ǧɵĵ٣ƾһٽٻơһ̨ȴڵһʧܡ
ʩչԪ۶һ׻֮
⼸൱֮Ϊ߶þ
һ˲䣬󣬲а֮֡
ڣѪ⡢֮еʮ취ӡǣһͷųҫ۵Ĺ⻪
ΧƾոֳʮʯӰ
Ӱں칬д󾪣
ʮʯǷ̨ʮǧɸ߶ȵĵ٣ʽȻĳֳٵһЩϣ
Ȼʮ⾳֮ʽгֳ
ʮ⾳ǰģķսбʵʱƣЧԽԽǿ
ҲԿЩŵʱ
СħۿħʧЧֱȻתȫԪĺɫУʼת
ơħ
ħȻҲԷų
ħǽСħյͷųɱˣ
޴ĺɫпʼѹ
һֺɫСħɵУȻ
ɫγһͼԪ۶ײһ
һ˲䣬µâ⼤䣬أ
䣡
ֱ۾𣬻ڱ飬ħͼϵķѪǹһ£ʮӰͬ׻֮һɱ
ǣ
ħͼ˵ƣ󳹵ױ
ʲô
СħɻʧɫħȻҲˣ
ǧһ֮ʣСħɺ£˫Ӳĳһ

СħٴαɣһΣСħɵһԳ򼸺ǹâصײʯϣըʯ
ֲɢȥ
ѪһұѾۣؿҲȫѪ
ħɵ˺ͷ
СħɵǿȫԭΪԼȻõһѣӦܽǰ֪Сħʵڿ֮ǰͲôˡ
䣬ɢȥŷѪǹڵϣദ˵òᡣ
Ķսȫڶ֪ʲôԱԼˡ
һսս˫ʵ֮ǿš
Сħʦóɳ̫࣬һ겻츳˾㤡
ѡϯϣҢ˸пСħѣһǰСħɻ񺣳ڣʱãСħɱԼǿ˶١
һȥҢһЩСħɸʵͻͽѾˡ
ٸʱ䣬ǻ˵ã
µһսʹֶΣȻѹСħɣڣǲʤԷ֮壬ͬΪھ£ӵѪСħɣʵڲ˼飡
Ϸ̨ʮףȻǱѰղʽУ˷̨ʮ׵⾳Ĳķ򾳽硣
Ңţʱ֮еСħһη˳
ڣһԺɫѾȫѪ²౻ǹâһҲ԰ףһֲӵĸо
ûе¡
Ƥһʱ״̬ҲΪ⣬Ԫ۶ںԪԪԪʩչ֮ѾĳܼޣһУļˣʩչꡢ綼ظȫѪңսˡ
ǼˣҲûܳ׻Сħɣ֮壬ɼжôǿ
ԭΪСħɵҲ࣬ڿ˫򣬷һǿ
ţʱСħ³һѪĳ򣬿ʼķģҲȥ
Ϣʱ䣬СħȫģҲվȣ޷ٱַ״̬ˡ
ȼھѪܼ̫ãСħʩչ壬Ҳʩչȥķ徭һ֮ǰ״̬
㡭
Сħɽҧݣ״̬û˷壬һŮӣޱȡȻһֻ۵СȻսޣƺϷ䡣
ˣãˡ
ʱһڳ𣬱ӣͬڵŮһ㻺Ʈ䣬Ľ٣ΪϵĴХȫ˿ͬһ紵ɢһ㡣
ƣߵСħߣסһۣĿͣ㼸Ϣʱ䣬˵ĺر𡣡
һ򵥵Ļ̺Ѱζĺ塣
һս
Сħɰܣʤ
ڳڣЩûع·ξһ㡣
ȻӮˡҪӮʲôʱ򣿡
ʵû뵽һսֶξˡ
֮ͬСħɣ𶼲ˡ
ŵҫĳνڣⳡһϣˣܵĳƺ
ͬҪСħɵĻԲˡ


1307 Ȼ
Сӡ
ں칬þõע֮ǰ̨ʮףǴ漣²ΪĳԵǰӴʮ⾳ȡɵĳɷ֡
ʮ⾳Ȼйأ󣬵ǱϾϹ⾳ʱѾͬʮ⾳ĴҲϾδܷӳǸδ֪
ƾһ㣬Сħɡε˲С
ǾڸղţȻʽУų̂ʮϵĵӰ֮յĻСħɣú𲻵ò
֮ͬ£ѹʥ壬̫ţ
治֪պܴﵽʲôɾͣš
ʱںԣĵ˵ʮһֻأʮǰԽľǿߣڣҲֿܳˡ
ʲôתͷ˼Ŀ𣬡ǲ˵ܳԽ𣡣
ںͽ£ȻҲ֪˵֮ϻо磬Ǵ˵ֻǴ˵СħҪԽ𣬺ûе档
Խ̸ף
ڣȻ˵סˡεԸ񣬶Ȼ˵ޱأñһ˶ҪԶΪҲú޷ľˡ
ں֪Ѿ˳Խľᾪ㵣ֻǻ𺳰ˡ
ԽѾˡ츳ˣҪʱͣʱȷʵпܵľ᲻ȴδˣֻ˵һЩܡ
СħɣΡ
СħɣпܣڱΣ·һ¶·֮⣬ܹ봧⡣
ţһ£εĳѵʲôرô
Ҫʲôǿθ˵ӣֻѹеʡ
ʱڴڹǵĻ糱ˮһ㣬һһþ޷ƽϢ
ܶΪԭǶ̾Ӷ࣬ʵھῡ˵ڵĿǻġ
Сħһսʵ̫𺳣Ǻܶ˵
ҶԹս˵ҲһԵˣ
˵һź󱲡ῡܣʥǿߡ벽֮ҲһЩ
ⲻǿ֮ʣʥǿߺͨΪʵȻԶСħɣ۷߶ȣҲֻǷ֮¡
СħɶˣһԴΣӵʮ⾳ͷųа̺֮׻˫֮ʽѾϣŵ˵ھ档
СħɣǸǲ˵޳꣬Ǿ𼶱ĴڣСħɵķҲһϡ
˶ǻϵ򣬵ȴÿռ䷨ʱ䷨Īķ߶ȣ
̶ֳȣῡѾ⣬ǵĳ̶ȸҪʥ벽ܿЩʽеǿڣеõ
ߣսʥҪУ侪ˣ
ӮһսʵǾףһ̤һŵУԽ档
ѾСħȴսޣվ̨룬û³
һս䣬ҲҪսһ
СħҧһԽССȭͷ߬ýģСħĸ߰ͬˣƽһΣ
Ȼģ
ꡭ
üһ֮ڣСħ˵㹻ʵɳһˡҾݴСħ̰棬ͯδƽʱûгЩŬΪδܣֱ׷Ļǰ֮ʵԹ⡣
ķһһĻǲˡ
Ҳܵѹ
СħɵսҪˡ
ҵ㡣
һһٵ˵ڵ츳ȷʵսʤСħɣƣⲻҪʤͬ䲻ѹСħɣ׷Ѱ۷塣
ֻͬȾʱСħɣӮ
һʾ׵ı׽칬׬˲٣СħӮĻռ˴
ʱ򣬺̨λڣΪ˽ʡʱӱĿɿ뼤ԣղŲ龭ۺһ¾ʮ˷ֳ飬һˣڶˣһ͵ڶ˽໥Ծ
ǰɵһ˽ѭʮɵڶ󣬵ڶĵһѡһĵսӮˣȡ֮Ϊ
һ˵ڳڶһ£飿
һˣڶΪǰ֪˭
⻹˵ξֻǿǿףĲ̫ԶȻڶһսһһʸ񣬵Ҳ߸ѣ϶䣬룡
ԡҲãֱ⣬ȥһЩһʼ֪ıһսҲ˰Ȼ׶Σÿһǿǿײ
ӵľӮ˲ٹڵͬñΪգˮ
ڣһ˵˷ֱǡΣгգСħɣ£
ڶ𣬰Ңʯߣš
֮Уô߰ˣ޷ԣֻսȭͷҧÿ죬ⳡһ䣬˵ֱܴ裡
Ȼһ鶼ȥֻڵڶ
ڵڶȫʤҲǶˣȥ֮ȻԼֵЦȻԼΪۣʵΪۻҪľֵܽǣвǿľߣǷɹǸδ֪
СħɣҼס
ӰĳޣתƵСħϣ˽仨ˮСħɣıԪ޴棬һΪ

֮󣬱һսʱѡָֻ
ҲΪСħɺ
ʱ֮󣬺ı
ڳйڣǼ˷ܣ
һˣûһģ˭˭򣬶һڴУ
λڣ·ĴʼһζԾ£гնСħɣ
һ칬гСħɵս˶ľ֣гʤһһСħʤһһ
칬ÿһֱƳһľ֣һܹעı
гյ͵أСħһս϶ҪȫʩչڿԿ졣Ծ£ҲһʶԾȻĺߣǾһֱޱȣţҲһЩܡ
սô
ѡԶľ£Է£Ǳ⼣߰ߵĳ׷ѩ
صĶ֣ӡ
ʱ򣬱Ѿ̨ιȻǿ󣬵Ҳһߣһܶ˶ڴſεı졣


1308 οռ
̨֮ϣһųȹƮƮڵ֮ϰ߸߶ȣżأòһ֮У˿
ǰʮԶһµϲŰɫıĿţѾԤеεǿһļҳ̶ȣʦԤϡ
ӣڿԿ㼸ʵˡ
̨ϵıΣڴ֮ǰμǱ͵ģûʲôĶ֡
ⲻǵһĲƫ̻ΣΪ̫ǿκѡֹǳԿֶξӮ˿ĥ˷
£ûԸν֣εĶֶЩĲߡ֪εʽͷ
ʼ
źӵ̨֮ϣһ󺮷磬ڱν¸ֳһɫӨ͸ͬһ㡣
һ£ĸо̺һصķϢ
Щνӡǣϵµķ򣬶ұοռĸӸ޷ӵĸо
Ϣѵǡӡģ
вͷ˵Ϊ칬ʥŮҲȲļ״ɫһԳΪӴʲôҲ֮С
ͨʵǱѰǱε
𣬿ɴ鱦Ϊһ󱲵֪
״νµı˿⣬Ѿͫ
ռ侵񣡡
ӰһһֶΪģķΪˣһֱֳʮ
ԱΣûκ֣һʼóʮռ侵
ʮһ֣һʱ䣬ΧĿռ֮ȫռ䱻Ϊɱһ֡
ͬʱʱ䳹ңĽƻʵٶȼ죬޷ֱ棬ָоΪܣ̨㿪Ĺ
ʮ񣬱νµıշ𣬶仨
ÿһ仨궼öɣЩдСһööǾӨ͸ɭ⡣
תۼ䣬һͻı

촽ü֮䣬ûһɫӡǣս顣
εս飬Ȼﵽ˻ƽԲ
ս֮Уһɲǣб⼤䣬ڿл۳һɵÿһɲֶ̺˶ķֻɲǼ䣬ʮ񣬱һ뱻
ͫգ
һ˲䣬˫Ŀȼ˻棬۾ΧľѪȫҰ֮УбĹ켣ȫ͸
ʣİ˸ռ侵ͻȻںΪһббһ̳ƺ޻ڵһڱȺĳһϣֻһ죬Ⱥ˲
ȫѪӿ˳ȥӣ˫֮һ˿ɫͫȻͬСɣȻҵȺ㡣
칬似Ȼ䣬ҲƷߣսҪΪ̡
ȻΪ©̫࣬ǱĻңԱͫ˵
һν֣ʯȻû·硣
ڳڶ̾Сħɺһսǰ׼ڷӦ̫ҡ
ֻ񺣺ڣȻѾﵽƽԲս飬ǲ˼顣
칬ӣΪǷͬޣοռԪꡢս鶼ʮǿ󣬱εս飬һһ֮ȡ
Ϊֱܣû뵽ȻܿƱʩչ
ǿǲ٣Ͼܸ޵е񻰾ͱˣܶΪλܿܡ

̨֮£ŸղűεĹսע֮УɱֵĹʵֹһ֣ǿԹൽһϵҲսط
طƼ򵥣ʵּ̺ɡһ߿ѾǼޣǱξȻܿô˴˵
Ҳ֮УΪ似ԶսطܹģսҪߣҲǿ
ҵս飬ĿǰֻǸã־Чʵս֮УҲܹѧӦöҵսкܴߡ
ţ̨֮ϣӰٴηֳʮ
ɱյ״̬
սϵԽãԽ
վ𣡡
ʮһʮ⽻ǿʽ֮һ֮ǰһսƾһУƳþ
䣡
ռ֮⼤䣬ʱ֮Ҳ֮Ťһ֮Уͬʱ̺شɵʱշ򣬿
һֻ̣оΧĳ䣬һݵĲӿо·ʱС
ǡ
޾գվʱյģ˫ɫĳ裬ߣλðǹгƮʥࡣ
Σգ䡣
˵ĸ֣һʱ䣬һռ֮УӿֳڶޣЩһޱȣϢǿһֲ֣Хһ쳹Ƽ䡣
Щޣд󾪣ǡޣ
ЩޣνһҸǿӦ˵Ѿﵽνбɱĺëֵˮ׼
һë֣ѾǳѲڣڱһ˲˼ʮ
ʮޣͬʱɱ
ڳڿôʧɫʲô
ٻֻǻ
οռ䣬ʲô򣿿ٻ޵򣿡
ǫ֮̈̄£ȴˣϾѾη˽⡣
򡭡ԭˣڱεĿռ䣬˵ռһΡĻôξǡߡռеһУ֧䣬˵Ҫй⣬Ǿй⣬˵ҪкڰôǺڰҪٻޣͻлޣⷽռֻҪ̤ⷽռ䣬һжҪ־
һԿռ䣡޵У
οռ䣬һֿµ֮ȣ¡Щ칬ʩչĻʵ΢ˡ
ĺؼӣáЩ״ӣûлѧοռ䣬Ǹѧᡣ
ʩչοռıΣµıΣʮ֮Уֱӱʮͷ޵

ޱ˺ѣѪȻͬʱĽҲĴˣ
תۼ䣬ʮͷɱ
ĿһҪ˳ȥʱ򣬱һָȻһɵֱӽסˣ
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1309 Ծ
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ֱһսǲʶСħɵǿʵڱ̬۷Ƿ׺Ͷȣ˲˼ľ硣
һΪСħɣҲȱβ٣ڣӵʵʩչʵ˾㤣Ѿˣһսû٣ܡ
ͫһûʩչʩչĻҲôһܣοռ䡣
ĬĬţܲܿοռǸδ֪ܿƣҲҪʱ䣬ԲʱģҲעʧܡ
ʱھһ֪Զһδ֪ռ䡣
һߵСϣһֳֿľȵĬĬĿ̨ϵһĻĻȫưܣΨ˫Ӱʱʱķӡ
ͫһ״̬ƾһ״̬ܹĿκһڷ飬ֳۿҪöࡣ
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ΪʮǰӵиĲŻһڽ֮С
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ʱ֮ϣһ纮һĽâ²֪ʱѾƮԭλãֳǱĳһбб
һޱȵƣȴ˿ɱ̺һɽˮ续Ʈݷ飬׽͸
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֮飬ֱֲѹ
µķ죬ôѡԾԵֱѹƣ


1310 һ
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þԴ䣬ȻùܶΣҲûܹƽ
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Ԥ⣬Щ⼣Ǳģ֮Ѫ
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ҿսСħɵʱȼ˾ѪģԾ¿ûУ
֪䣬˺ܶʵıߣ˱κг֮⣬˶֡
ղһսķײڳʥϵĸ֮⣬ѿף񽣱תǿҲơ


1311 ֻ
£ܲ򵥣
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ԤڲõĽҲһΪһ֣㲻ʱǣҲȻһҪǡ
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֮ǰͼ죬ΪϽӵһʼĥֻλɱѪħūࡢгշͼϵӡһһӦ
ѵϽ񣬵ɽΧӣ
ͷ²⣬ϽܴﵽɽΧӣҪӦòߣϽܽɽҲӦǽһɽм


1312 г
ֻǷеֻ⣬ڷʵ֮С̤֮·ĳڣֻⷢ˺ܴããҪΪֻѾʵٶˡ
ϾֻϽһͨǿµУƷǳޡ
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
ĻϻֱӱгյĹӰ飡
гûͫһҲǡô˻ıϣһֱ
ѿನûжгκвгΪˣͽʣӰС
ʩᣬ裬ƺԴʽԾˣƶɮˡ
г˵䣬ıʼǿĻɫһ˾ѹֵϢƾ
гյһϵĳ֣֮ǰСħɣֻǷΪȴ
ֻ̣֮
г˫ֳֹ黭£ı󣬳һַӾķͼһַͼ󣬷·ӡһ㡣
ɽ䡣


1313 ֻضֻ
ֻ̣֮֮ǰСħɾһ֮£
ڳǶгֳֻ֮Ӱӡֻ̫֮ǿˣƾСħʩչ嶼ûܹơ
һУӹɡ
ô
¡¡
ɫֻ֮ѹгվֻ֮룬ȫɮ۹Ķͬһ
ֻ֮δ͸е̺ŵĿѹǽӲӵķŹʵֻ̺֮ɭȻһ֮Уʹޱȡ
ֺֻֻ̺֮֮
ŹȻΰƵȱҲԶȱɱ¾ԹѪصսЩ
жƣƶɷָ
ûжûɱûʹ࣬ûϲû޵һڣǾ֣ôܶ˭
ˣû˻ȥŷˣǷŲȱٵĲ֡
ֻֻ˼ΪƵаһرһа
ֻ̣֮κֱ֣ܡ
гʽҪСħǿࡣ
ȫа֮£ŷ֮Ѫȼգھںϣ
Ԫ۶þ
а֮ӰչþԿֻ̣֮
һ̣֮ƹֲγһ׻ཻ췣ֱֻ̣֮֮
꣡
췣֮նֻ֮ϣֲ췣֮ϵѿֱֻ֮ѹ£
¡¡
޴ֻ֮ͬһֲľĥĥһУ³
гվֻ֮ϣȫâ·һй򣬶ڽ£
ֻ̳֮³û˻ɣһѹȥɽ壬ҲҪѹɷĩ
ɫأȫǽžžı죬֮
ֲһһӿ֮У뿪ﵽһڽĿֲ
ȣ
ȫⱩ͹ѪţеעѪǹ֮УѾѵ췣֮ٶȳ֣
ǣ
񾪲ı췣֮ٴն̵ֻ֮룬ֻ֮Ȼһ룬ǳһɫƣ
Ƴ̵ֺֻ֮ĹâȻ࣬½ֹסˣ
׽ٻû췣֮ϵѣֲϵȫת£˿ֲģһΪĹˡ
ƾʵĸӲ֧
Ȼǿȷʵס̵ֻ֮ĳ
ֻ֮ϣɫԽԽ࣬ۿҪױ飡
סˣȻסгյ湥
гո˵ĸоɲ⣬ƥС˶ΪһʵܴгղֵĻܿͻܱ
ڣгֻ̹֮ȴʮ𾪡
䣬ܹгվһ̨Ѿ԰ܵһǾ͸ٹˣ
ף
гҲ¶֮ɫƺҲȻֻܻ̣֮⼸Ѿȫˡ
ۿֻ֮ϵԽԽ࣬гɫ糣˵ʩȻ츳ˣʱ䣬ƶɮ¾Ҳѹסˣڣʩþ߶ߣȴվǷȱһۺ͵̣һУʩ򲻾ðɡ
гղʵˣҲʮֶܺܿ춴ϤԷʽ㡣
þڵһ俪ǰòŸոģڣʹô޼ȷʵǷȱ˵̣гһȱݡ
г˵䣬ֻ¡һ죬µֱֻ֮ӱ飡
þгֱն
Ĺгտţȫâ˸
ֻ򣬰˲
г³⼸֣ЩΪֻ֮Ѷɢֻ֮ȫгչΧγֻ
šѵһ죬һ޴Ľɫгȫ֣ͨת⣬Ϣа˲㣬ÿһ㶼һ
Щеĳ飬ׯʥеĳɱɭɭз棬Ҳޡ
Ϊ
гٻ˲аλѹһʱ䣬гΧգѹγһɺ
䣡
þصնڰ˲֮ϣ׻֮
ȻһâȻ֮егգûˣӦ˵ûܵʲô
ڳڿһĻǵһ
гյķ̫ˣ
ֻ̣֮ڵİ˲һֲɺĸо
Ҫǣгձ˾Сħ˵Сղ֮塱Сħô߰˶ΪƲгյķ
ĹѾǿˣгվһ̬ʩչʽѾǿ˾οطͲ֪ıжǿ
ԣòƿгյʽȴĹ˲һëǲ˾
ǲսʤƾµķгվѾڲ֮أͬ޵УҪˡþѾǿþΪѾ޼ƿʩ
ڳ˵䣬֮УþĹâѾױƬջһƬɫĺ
гգɫأгգȷʵΪֹµĶ֡ûСħĿķ׺ͶȣƾĸвʽѾͬ޵ˡ
ʩһ㣬ƶɮʩչİ˲ܰķӳ֣Բڣһ壬ʵʵڳƶɮ̫࣬򲻿ܴΧҵİ˲ƶɮ˲֮Уܵһ㹥Ӱ죬ƶɮİ˲Ҳֻ֮Ϊ˵ףֻ֮еʽܿƶɮֻ򣬾ܴӸƽһС
ս֮ʱгվȻԷ˵Լʽƽ֮ɽӵдҲǱһˡ
ڳڣЩгջ浱𡮳աţȻ߱Լʽ㣬ȴű˳ƽ⡣
ɵˣǽ㣿˭ֻܿ򣿿Ц
гյֻҲֻͫôһܿơˣѾԲԵˣΪ
ֻ򡭡
ԺУϽµʮ֮У˰ֻأֻ˼ᡣ
гյֻֻ⣬Ƿܿ
ò˵ϣʮã
ٸߣǵϽ񣬸ûнӴ̵ֻ֮ĺĴУҲһɽΧӣΧӵĹȥƽ״ӵĹô
Ȼ֪̫ܣǴһԣɹʧܣҲǶֻĿǿĹԼȻķϣҪú÷չһ¡
бַѪǹһһ̣Ʊˡ
ֻ֮ϵۣ˫Ҳ˺ɫС
Ѿʩչֻ⣬ڳڣһĻ׾ˣ


1314 Сֻص
ʲôѵҲֻ̣֮
ɣôֻܻ̣֮ǲɽľܴô
ڳῡܣ۾֮еĺɫУԼΧϻֻ֮Ծޱȡ
ָоȻгյĲ࣡
ֻ̣֮Ϊɽ䣬һ֮٣źĵӶѧģôȥڸڣ
ҼʵϵķţҲԲԼĴ¡
ôҲŹ
۾ҸоԼ·һ֮УһСľͻʧˡ
ĿУѾ൱̬ˣ׿Ϊ̸ûһģ䶼ᣬñô
ʱһʥҡͷԡⲻֻֻ̣֮֮һﶼҪֻΥĺƣʩչģ˺ܶ࣬ӦֻСֻص
ֻ֮䣬ɽĲ֮أֻкĵӺ״ӲѧϰѧϰʩչСֻصСֻصձˣܶŶӵУҪѧϰҲѡ
ӵ£Сֻص̫Ĺ˵еĹƺֻǽǿߴģɵ˲٣һҲ˺ܶ࣬ʥѧϰһ׹Ҳϰ̶ֳȣֳһ˿̵ֻ֮ϣ˼飡
ȷʵ˼飬ϷһʼҲˡ
һ׹һ߾磬ôǸ˾ͿĹˣҲ⣬ֻϧܽһ£ʵ̫̫ѣ𶼲һУϾ˴δʺԼ
£СֻصȻ˵Ǵ·ǽķҪŪסһ׹Ȼǿ
Ҫ˵ԾģǺʾɽˡ
ɽλϯϣһɫɮ£鲼£鲼ɫɮۣŲȲЬһʵɲ⣬۳СŶ֮
ӣ۸ߣ̺һСֻصﵽ־硣
һüɮƵ˵ٴ죬ʮ
ɮһԣһ˫ֺʮһţӲСֻصʱҲѧϰʦָ㣬ȴ̨λʩһ붼ȲϣҺܿͷˡ
ɽ˵СֻصֻɹͬһɵġǹһѧϰһʱͿʼϰķŹ
˵꣬ΪԳգҲɽ״ӣֻʵ츳гղһЩǱҢȵʤǵ֮
ȷʵмߵĻ۸ִأɱʢδʺϷš
ɮҡҡͷƺ˰ģʵҲεһ֮ʵ̫ˣ˽칬ѶȽϴΪ칬еӣ칬ѡ
۵̣ɽ칬й֮޲ɽ෴Ůӣ˵õѡˡ
ʱ̨ϣԼΪʩչֻеȡ
ֻѾþòãһײ깥ĹʵĽѾԸϽࡣ
ͻȻʩչƺΪԼηֻҲ˼ĽȻԱþԪ۶Щѹ׵ľУȻ˺ܶ࣬һʽĶԺ԰ˡ
ʩƶɮȣСֻصȻҲ̶ֳȣƶɮ磬ʩ׼ɽѾһɮʵѾԶƶɮˡ
΢΢һЦԭ⹦Сֻصô¶ԳΪɮʵû̫Ȥֻ˵Եˣ˵棬սɣ
սһƸʤʵҲСֻصԿгǲܵģΨһϣСֻصΪ壬Ϥгֻܣгյİ˲
ƶɮͲˣԹȼѹʩʵʤ֮䣬гʲ㣬СֻصԿʩɣֻˡ
гȻǫ飬һ䡰ʤ֮䡱ǰʾˣΪʩչСֻصսֿЩ仯ӮĻгաг˶˵ôսӦòˡ
Сֻص˾Ϊһùӵ̶ֳȣ⹦жǿڿֻǸǼܵ飬伶Ĺô׾ͿƵģ
̫Կˡ
ͨĹԿ䣬Ϊ͸̣Ҳгգƾ츳ǴӮսġ
ϧ̫ᣬþƵ£ѾûиЧֶˡ
˵֮䣬гֵİ˲ʼתÿһ󶼷·һ㣡
¡¡
ն·ˣ˲صѹ
һ˲䣬ֻ·һǿá
䣬Ȼǿ󣬲ǲѻʯһսҶȫԸֻ߶£ͬʱа֮ͬʱȼ˱Ѫ
ڶȼվѪѾļޣŻָѪҲһ٣ٶȼա
ɿռ䣡
һѪĵſ
ɿռ䣬֮

ȼվѪȫ߶ɿռ䣬úɿռŷ£˷ԲʮֱӶгյֻ
ԺɿռԿֻ
ײ

صĺֻ֮Ŀкһƿ걬飬ͬʱɿռҲڱжϣ
һµļײ
ţ
гһԭΪֱСֻصԿİ˲ɣֻܿ
ڣȻд㣬Ҫúɿռֻ򣬶СֻصУ
гպε֪ʶ;飬Ѿ˵Ƿ켫ĵزһ۾ͿĴ㣡
ǣ
ֻڱɿռ䲻ϵĲʳѹƣ
ʲô
ǶûϵѾռ·ʹѹгյʽɿռǿԶǵԤϣ
ɿռȻȴרܣֻ̣֮һ׸ӵ䣬а˳˲ຣٵȵ༼ܣֻֻһֶѣȻʤֻ
ƣ
һֳֳǹֱ룬ֻһͬ˺ѵֱӳֻ֮У
һʱ䣬ֵԹ顢꣬ȫ
һɲǣʧأоԼ·޾Ŀຣ֮УΪԹһԱڻУֻأʧҡ

ҧ⣬ֻת˫Ŀ޴УԹͳͳ飡
ʶҲָ
ֻ򣡡
˫Ŀ·һйâҪֻ򿴸
ʱгյʩ˽ܣսֶΣʮ㣬ϧƶɮɹġ


1315 ֻ֮
ʩ˽ܣսֶΣʮ㣬ϧƶɮɹġ
гյƳȣźƺƷͬ־Υ
˫ַǰӡһɫĹȦ
һĴгֻ֮ת
ֻ̣֮ᡣ
г³⼸֣֮ü֮УһöɫĹ㻺֣󣬴֮һŽɫ
öһ֣˸Щ⣬ֱʵʻһ㣬иһУ
ᣡгھȻᣡ޹ô
λϯмһϳŽɫᡣ
˲ã˲ã˵ΪӢתһǻ޹һ͵ɽλ״μӵһ䣬ΪгδΪɽ
治ˣһӵз壬һᣬһιʥŮȴ츳꣬˵еκһԳưһʱڣȴһʱף
ûаˣгյ츳ñ٣οôꡣ
νӢ飬ڷŵĴ˵Ʋ⣬һųʵԽĴܣ֮ŹöЩᡣ
ޱȣһЩ߻۸ķŵӳ̥оʹ
ÿһӵķŵӶǷתЩӳ֮󣬾ͿԽöԼ֮Уѹ硣
ӵķŵӣǧ꣬ǧųһϡޱȣЩˣ;䣬򼸺Ϊһɮ𾳽ĸ֣
гӵᣬô̿ŬʵˣҲ֮ˣ
һУ˱֮⣬ۣ
ʩƶɮᣬѾƶɮֶΣѹֻֻʩûлˡ
г˵䣬üļ˰˲Ƕ֮ϡ
һ̣˲еİȫųĿĹâΰİ˲ֱѹ
ǣ
˲˺ɿռ֮Уɿռ䷢ظı죬ؿڳȫѪӿȻȫԸгգʼջǲһЩ
¡
ֻһ죬ɿռ䣬˲ˣ
Ȼɿռ䣬ϾǶ䣬˲ɿռͬʱâҲ
ֻȫ
޴ֻ̣֮гձתû˺ɿռıӻֱֻ֮Уֻ֮ĳ
ֻ֮Թ飬ľ֮Ȼһ𣬾֮Ť˺ѵʹɲǼ伸ʡ

ҧأ֮УһֺɫзתȻֻ⡣
СֻصԿгյ䣡
¡¡
֮Уһ̸ֳֻ֮ɫѹ
ֻֻ̣֮ҪӴʮ̵ֻ֮룬վгյ־Ӱ
ɡ
г˵ֻ̺֮ײ֮ĺɫϡ
ȫɱײһһ˲Ҫĸо
Ȼһ̣ľ֮УֳģЩģӡǣ
Щӡӡ˺ɫ֮ϣʹɫӲ֧
ţ
гȻһԭΪԼѾҪӮˣû뵽ôͣһʱѹ

ľֻ֮֮ɫеĻײ
гտüļ䣬ٶȴ󷽹⻪˲ѹֻмѣ
ھߵģµʱ䣬ƾСֻص϶Կֻ̣֮Щ㣬οгּᣡ
ȫ֧ţоʹ֮лû־ŤȻ˼ѹ
ѹ֮£л
·ص˷ʱ븸ĸһãӭȢ˹֮սŽ湦λ˳
תۼ䣬Ϊħܱ¶ܶǿ׷ɱͶ·ݾ
Լȥ书ץĥ
һԺӹ֪ǻ󣬵
ֻֻ̣֮أֻ֮Уÿһͬ޷˵١
ã壬ʱƺʧȥ壬ֻ֮߳ΣȻܱѣȴ޷
еεУһΣȴһ
Խʮǰ齨칬£Կ٣بŲ
ʶĸо
ӷ̨ʮʱΣΪΣ˯һµʱ䣬Ϲŷĵӡʯǧ궼ŵòᡣ
ڣˣұ֮ǰһΣҪ棡
ȷţǷꡢͬʱ·ӡµģЩӡ̺ļͶԷ
ֻصʱеļ䣬Ҳ֮һ
֮УһƬçĴ½
һƬɢſֲϢأκһ½ֻͬվܸܵһֵѹѹǿߣ籾
һӵѹ硣
һĸߴӣۣվƬ֮ϣͷ죬ȫ£ȻȻ¶ϢЩϢɵƣ鲼ܡ
ֵƣʶĸо
ǡ
Ȼһڷ̨ʮʱдԼڵĵƣ
һƵƣԺĪӿֳЩԼģǷġ
ھҲķ
ڷ̨ʮϣЩơӡǷ
ŵƵĸ֣ڰ۸ߴߣʱ֮ռ֮΢΢Ť
ǡʱշ
һ̣·ͻ˷𣬹ۿתޱ档
Щ򣬶Ƿǰҵģ
֮ǰӷ̨һξΪƣȫ͸֧δЩ򣬶һΣʶʮѣ
ֱڵķӡ
˵
Դ츳ЩҪǣһʦ
һɾʦԷѾԽʦָ㣬ǽܲ죿
ڴ֮ǰûһǿʦĽܷѩĵط츳Ϊ۷״̬ʱҲδﵽ硣
һΣڵõһָܵ㣬ˣʵѾﵽ˼ľ磬ܿʮһǿߣ
ˣЩˣʦѧϰͨͷں͹ۿķʽûһֱܹӵõʦķѱµıԴ


1316 ֮
ôˣ𣿡
гյֻ̫ǿʧҲġ
ʱ̨֮ϣгսŲֻ̣֮߸ڰУֻֻ֮֮УתһЩĵƣֻЩʲô˼ûܿö
ƺѾʧȥʶ
ˣ
ڽˣ
Դӵһ俪ʼ֮󣬳Ԥѡǵһ֮⣬ʱδһܡ
ǿĶ֣޵еĵˣԲ˼ֶΡǿıͿֲ֮ܣ
Сħɡ¡ˡ
Ȼܶ˶֪гյʵԱǿǱʶﻹǾãʧƺһ˼顣
Ѿˣһʥسĵӣܹߵһ
гջ̫ǿ⽫ʮ䲻ǰ׻ġ
˵ţ̨֮ϵгȴڳĬΪ̵ֻ֮ĲٿߣгոоʼգԼֻ̣֮δס
꣬ǿĲӡǣȻСֻصӲĶԿֻ̣֮ᣬҲֻѹδܽ׻
ȻֻأʶʼѣָоǼ紵ݣԽݴôҲܽݴϡ
Ͳôһ㣬гոоԼûӮսżҵʱ̣ȴѵʶֱֻػ֮С
оֿġ
гĬĬĿֻеΧתһķġ
ʱ̨ϸ۲һг˵ˡ
гҡҡͷǰʽʵδ׻ʩķֻʩΪĳԭԼֻ֮Уֻ֮
ԭʲôʤѾʵ
ֻصûκηгʤ׾١
ǵһ°ɣҸоʩһͻ״г˵Ϊɽӣгʺ񣬲ʤ֮䡣
΢΢ͷðɣһ㣬гСʦƷ̾
һϳһĳгֻ̣֮˫ֺʮվ̨룬ڰУϡֻ֮ţΧеת
칬ĵӣһ㡣
㻺ȼգ
ΪʲôҪȣѾ𣿡
֪ô£ƺʲô״ڵ
гյֻ̣֮˰ɣҲ˲ˡ
ֻ̹֮һ壬гСħʱûĽֻ̼֮СħɣͲһˡ
ʵʵĳ̵ֻ֮Ĺſ̵ֻ֮Ĺжֲ
ǿޱȱ̬Ҳһʧȥʶ
ԽԽ̣ʼڳ˯ţȫûѵ˼
ڣչˡ
̨Ѿˡ
ڹϯϣῡܶоЩϧȻг⣬ʵڲ˵㣬ǶѾߵһˣ˭漣û漣
Ϲŷһʯǧ˶ЩİΣĻָǺǿģôһʱ仹ѣ
ӿгһۣгʤ
ȫҲζⳡĽ
ܸгա
ʩƺһЩ״ǰһɡгһţ˵
ӵͷһУշ˹
һִϣҪ֮̽һ飬΢΢ü
ľ֮һŰ׹֣ʲô塣
֡
ӸоţԼ벽ΪȻ̽鲻һСľ֮
ô£
ȥһķ䣬Ϣһ£ȥϷҲȥ
칬ӣ뾫֮ȺӸߺܶࡣ
칬ӽ̧ȥܶڶˡ
˵òᣡ
ǧꡢһľǵȻżǺ칬ѡǽȥġ
ִ粻°ɣǸôôص֣
˼ңʲô֮ǰӷ̨˯һ¡
ǧһ˵ϹŷǸˡһ˯Ļʵڲʲô
һδεĳ˯ʲôصˡ
ʦִӴԺ󲻻ᾭ˯ɣ˵һγ˯ʱһγһС˵
Ϲ˵
ʯû˵ɫҲЩء
³֮󣬱У
СħɶԱΣ
һڴѾõĶԾҲûʲôǶԾ˫ɫŮӣŮζῡܵˣһսܲ𱬡
ܶ궼ˣȻϹŷĵǣȴʼһơ
Ǽһ͵ĸһƵģȻˣ̨֮ǰСħԴĿ̧˺칬Ĺ֮С

ʱں칬Ϣڣһɽӣͷñ̽ľ֮Ҳüͷ
ǰôʻһˣǺӵͽܣ칬ĵӡ
˵ãľ֮ӡһЩ·Ϸªţδ
ô죬ҪҪʦ棿
˵ʦȻǺ
ӵʵڿߵĻҲֻ鷳ʦˣ츳Ҳ㹻ʦ֣вأǶ𡣡
ĵһΪĲ࣬𼶱ţûʸ񾪶ǿߵģͬһ㲻ȥ־һ
˼׼ȥѯʺʱһǰ
˺
Ϣɡ
һ˵ӵ˵Ȼử㣬¼տϢˡ
̨֮ϣݱ
ȴһ߳ΣεԼ˷
÷ӽȥ磬Է˼άȥ˼⡣
Ҳ
ҲŲ
ǿ߶ԾžЩҵĴ򶷡
һݷ޵ĸӡļ䣬ЩĲϾڷ򣬲ԼĶδʺȫ
ɸ˼ӽȥ磬оһ°θߵĸ߶ȣֻᣬ˭ӵС
ȷе˵𣬸ֹ𾳽硣
еʱûи֪˶£Уٵļ䣬ȴֺܿǣӡԺе򣬲ࡣ
֪䣬ʮ⾳ڲϵƣ壬ʼںϣںϣľںϡ
꣬Ѫ֮УѪ磬뾫֮ϢϢء
ģԺУһ䣬ǡ󷨡
ˣˣӡԼڵģǷƣһڷƬͬħеƬһ˲ֹ򱶣
һԽܵƬ


1317 е
һоѧдڡ󷨡֮УһĹǵһʽ
漰ڶķ򣬰зȵȡ
ǡ󷨡нģʱ䡢ռ䷨
ַҲǷ޷
Զŵ۶·ѰҵĲӡԲӡΪۣѹһδ֪Ĵڣʩչķӡǡ󷨡мصġ
һֱ޷󣬵ʲôԡ󷨡ѹʮ껹ûбĨ
̳˷һȱƬҲûйⷽκμ䡣
һֱ˯ϵŷµļ䡣
̨ϣһսڼš
СħɶԱһսûκսʤСħɣδ֪ȫȫʤľǱκгˡ
·ڶֵǾºĴս
һսܶ˶ڴȻǲಢ»Ӳþûʲô¡
һϳóȻЩȴͫơ
һȻѹ˾£µľʮԽҲƽ⡣
ȻԼǿȻѹƣȴʼձֲܡ
һֱսСʱʱ䣬ǧУ׷׸ˣѾＫޣվϸʤһԺСƷ̣ѵսʤ
˼ѵʤʵҲ˵˱ƾУ˭Ӯ˭䣬ӳ̶Ⱥɷռ˲С
ˣһС˵ĵڶֱˣȴδ
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һ֣ͱν֣Ϊ˯ԭ򣬱αֿˣʣгաСħɡ֮ıǵдѾ֣ʵҪĳѾˡ
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ֻ˵̫ˡ
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ζ򲻴ûʲôҲ߸ˣαʤһģҲֻгգҾгҲʧܵĿԸ㿴֮ǰζûôֱӮˡ
˵ôˣһ˵ôô칬ûҩֺҩȥ̾ͻָˣ
˵ƣгΪ˿ӦȻڳǿ֪гյĶ֣ȴһ׽СֻصԿгյֻ̣֮ôù䣿в࣬ΪҲв࣬սһʼѾעҪ򣬶һʼֳƹǿʢ˸оҲ˵̫أֻһѣ̫嶯ˡ
һҡͷϧ˵ƱͲһˣǾһجġ
ں칬һ㣬ӵкָܶԵҩһЩ
Ǽ£ɻԵڻûָҪֵıñֿգ֤ȷʵ˵úأ
ˣܿº֢ģ
һ˵ǼʧӰպĳɾ͡
ôصˣˡӲǲôôֹһս
ôףЩһóȣǰ벽ǽ֮ǰҲ޷ж˭ǿ˭⣬ȷʵǷǣ̫ʢ
ʱӳ˵ϢҲڹϯԽԽǶ˵ΪԿгʱȳǿϵĴˣ˵úأӶβˡ
֮ģ˽֮ѣһЩ˾úϧҲһЩֻ֮ڤʥصĵ޾Ǻܿĵģ˵ԽԽá
ʱں칬ӿ˵ô£о˶صˣΪôҲѣ
µӡǣ˵ǺҲ޷̽
ҡҡͷ˵˵壬Ҳ̨ʮйذɡ
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ȻҲΪӮĿܣֱиδڲ˵㡣
εʱ硭һһٵʱ٣ܻģô׾̳·һأȥġ
˵ţҲֻͬ⣬Ϊһһٵʱ硣
ӱǴ֣Ľףúúһӣֻôͼз˳ڽлûĸŮ
ĸŮ壬Ϊ൱ڣֻһͻƾ硣֮壬Ըԭ˳ɣżȻѣȣһͼǣǼӡ
ĸչʧֱʲôһ㱨
ǡ
֮УĸŮʮʱչν΢
Ȼ⼸ŮչʱǶû뵽չôõʱ䡣
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ôʱ䣬һֱһˣȻĳ൹ҲӢ׿ȺȥҲ
һֱ˸£Ÿ¡
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һǳ˯ôʱ䣬巢ˣȴһֱ޳ɢһɵϢ˺һҲ壬Ϊϴ֮¡
ģһȥˡ
һһֱֻвϵ˼ڷĺ֮УѾȴʱ䣬ȴһС
ѾǵԼǱֻ̻֮˼䣬һ߳ΣΪʵ硣
ÿ첻ϵ˼ʱͬһʯһһһеΧֳĵƺͷƬЩˮһ㣬ȻȻڣִëѨлһеһУԵԲޱȡ
εµķӡǡƣмƬ죬¾ģ
ԣҪЩҪ޳ɷ󷨣Ҳϼѣ
һʱ䣬µ෨ʮ֮һ󷨣޵ǿš
ϣкܶ෨ڸˣΪ粻
ʵǷ𾳽̫ߣһƬ㹻ð꣬󾳽綼ꡣ
ʵҲ̶ֳȣһгա֮ľԷ򣬶
Ϊδʮ⾳ҲΪһ㣬ܵõĴС


1318 
һһ¹ȥһգеȻ˫ۡ
壬һޱȵδ֪ռ䣬ռ޾ͳһߣΧһУʵģռ֮гҵĿռ֮ʱ֮ռŤԱʱҲȫңУĺܵѹơ
ⷽռôţվ˫Ŀޱȣ⴦ռΪռ䡣
ÿռ֮У
˫ۣʼĬĬĸḻĿռ䷨ʱ䷨Ƭ棬ͺγ֮ԭʼռ䣬򶼴γеĻ״̬Ҫס
һʱ䣬ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨򣬶Ѿ򵽵شɵĵز
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰʱշ貢ߣͨʥȣȻԶʤ֮Ǹˡ֮˱ȣûпɱԡ
ַû취ʵսʩչĵزӣҲؼа֮ӰΪһ׻򣬸ûжԿʱշʱ
ѧѾʱշһʱʹﵽ⾳ɣӣԴֽٶȣ˾㤡
ңȻʱշ򾳽粻Ƿʱշ򣬷ȼߣԶһʱշܹġ
ⷽռ֮еʱշ򣬾һ̣ռеͻȻʼĳһĻĵ㣬ԽԽ࣬γһ޴볾УЩϡǵǵ޾ʱеȴ״ﵽ׽
ۿѸٵһ·ԼҲҪȥһ
һݣѸٺ˿ۼԽԽ۳һǳ
γɵǳ
ˣѵһγɹ̣
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˵չŷﾫѪʱڻпķľ󣬵ķˣһȵǳԡ
ʣһ̫
Ŀ̫γɣţоΧϵԪ궯ΧԽԽȣΪ̫ͷųΧ¶ý˲仯һźǵҲܿ챻̫ڻʧ
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ϵط򣬾ףҲ̫֮
ϵǰط򣬲ܳҲãҲãҲã˼䷲𣬶ط򣬱𣬶ʻŭĻЩ˵ľûĻ棬Գ֮Ϊ֮
ô˵ط򣬾ͱ̫̫֮֮˼䷲űʵĲͬ
ǰ߿˵ȼʷĻ棬ʱŷĻ棬ǧ򱶡
̫֮һֻˣ֮ʱѡ룬ԽǿķˣͻѡԽֲĺǡ
ֻһ̫Ļϵ⾳ף
ΪҪ׻̫̫磬ܣֻǴ⾳żڻϵмһ˿ףôʽͲͬնˣ
̫ԽԽңȫ·ȼϵĸᣬһ̣ͻȻһռ·Ҫըһ㡣
һܸоǰ̫弱˳ȥ
ռ֮Уٶ죬ܿ˳ԶʱȻŷޱȿֲâ·Ҫһ㣬ûκıֲݻһУնˣ
ɲǼ䣬ΪԼѾˡµıըѾܹˡ

ֲĻ棬ϯ
һȷⲻΪռĻղһ˲䣬ҪɷɻңҲˡ
潥ɢȥѾ̫ʼ̮ԽԽСС򱶣еʡߡաʱ䶼˽ȥˡ
ģݻΪһžԺڰ塣
շ˵л춴
ÿһŻ춴ΧСķΧγһԽ硱
ڡ󷨡Уռ䱻Ϊ춴磬κֻҪ춴磬޷ٳһռʱľԽ磬УҲ⡣
춴ڣͬʱʡռʱ䣬ʱշսߡ
ʱշ򣬾˻춴磬ʱͿռڻ춴սᣡ
Ҳǡ󷨡߾磬ӵеʽ֮һ
ֱһ춴ԾԵʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ӡһУ飬Ҫ÷ӡ޷
񣬷
͡󷨡֮˶޿֮Ŀܷɱ飬ΪͳԽҲ񾳽硣
Ȼ־磬ģ춴һ˿ϣǿ
Ŀ˻춴γɣ򡶷󷨡Īĺô
춴ϥ£ԺлŸղŵľĬĬ˵סռ䣬ûжܹסʱ䣬н춴еˣľֹǵ˼ά壬ֹͣȥһнʡʱ䡢ռ䶼ѹ£ķӡ
˵ţ磬ϵķֱ仯
磬е֮еһۣγһУģ̫γɡ
󷨡ɹı־磬һ΢ͻ춴պһеΧ΢ͻ춴չ
Ȼ΢ͻ춴Ĺ̼Ϊգ㣬΢ͻ춴綼Ϊܲסֱӱ
Ȼ˯У΢ͻ춴Ĺȴеķڵģʵ磬ξͬһʲôĻѶ
̣ĵɳһڻ춴γɣҲҪʱĻۣҪϵݻ
ʱʱѾȥİ죬ǹȥˡ
һıǰͻֻʣû
һǱζгգһǱζ
Ѿս죬ڳ͵ȵòͷˡ
ʲôгպͱεľսѾˣѵ컹ⲻǹθô
ڳڹڣȲҪгնԱһսʻǵһʵһս
˵ԭٰ췽ǴζгһսģһʼҪ꣬˵ڶδѣԱһϡ
гնԱһӦ÷ǲǵһѹҲǾھһսȻΪ֮һֱ˯εĶԾϺˡ


1319 ѹ֮ս
ˣαԹˣŽսûи
ܶ˵֮󣬶ʱЩһ䣬ܶεģֲģĵһ򲻴ʲôϵ˵ˣԼ˵ģǿˣ˴˱ܹ˭
ٰ췽㶺˰ɣҪһ²ѣѵҪһ£²Ѿ͵£˵ˣԱλҪ𣿱Ǳгնй֮޲ˣгգѾһͿأˣԱκαҪΪһǵôã
˵˼һ䣬ԲҪǲ⣬ȥ˵ɡ
ƮƮһ仰ʱ֮ǰŵῡܱˣȥ˵һٸҲңЩС뷨ȣԲ
˵ʱ磬һ죬Ǻö죬Ӧÿ˰ɡ
ʱ磿ǰɣʱɶȹ£ⶼѣ˰ɣ
ܶ˲Ҳûӡ
ʱ䵽˵죡
ʱ磬Ѿȥһ¡
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γһ˵µĵӣһʱʱ٣һʮ⣬гεıҲصôˣ֮ʱαȹǡ
λеǱ˼ǿ϶һҲֻõͷ
λٰεһ䣬൱̶Ϊ˱ΣҲִҪñľÿһδսҲһԤУγ˯̨йأô򵥡
һǱεһĶ֡
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ĸŮȻ΢չ˯еݸ㣬̬ƽͣǿģ޷ξУա
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һսȻٲһġ칬ǣʤһһгʤһߡ
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ȫˮתóԼοռ䣡
Ϊֹβμһ󣬽ƾоһ·ʤڣһǻһбοռ䣡
ԸߣֻҪԷһۣͿƾ˲ʤ
ԸСħɡǿߣҲֻҪóοռ䣬սʤ֡

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ն˫㣬ɫĳ裬οռ䣬̨
ֻҪ̤ⷽռ䣬൱̤˱εġΡУУξһжҪܱε־
ݣ
һͷͷ޳οռ֮Угշŭ
г˫ֺʮ΢Цοռ䣬Ȼͬ죬ƶɮҪˣ
г˵䣬µֱֻ֮ɳȥлһ޴ķΡ
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ַٵת;һֻֻȫи촦Ѫ
ЩޣóһֻнһǰʮˮƽȻгյֻ֮£ͬģи
ת֮䣬ֻ֮Ѿεǰ
ֻ̣֮񹥻ʹһ壬гպ񹥻Ա˵ûκЧ̵ֻʹ
ۿֻ֮̾Ҫնֱ֧εĹڣ֪εʵû¶ǲⷢǱϾ䣬гշ
ǧһ֮ʣֻ֣λǧ򣬻ʯǽ
һɲǣǹڱĻһعӵʯǽεض
һʼһеĵ棬Ȼǧɸߵʯǽǧ֮һɲǣ
һ˲䣬ڱǰһǧ£
ֲƴ󣬸߲ʯǽɢŲçۻϢʯǽ֮ϣһ޴ĹͷޱȣЦ
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¡
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һĻڳڶˡ
ʲôΰ
гյֻ̣֮ĿãСħɶǰһ֮£ڱǰȴ׵ıˡ
̫ˣοռ䣬޵еģһǽһ˲η졯ǽҲ񽣡ǹ۹ǷأԴﵽ£ֻ̣֮֮ǰʶ˭뵽ԭôֲԱΣһûã
ԣοռ̫죬жԿαɣгӦûкֶܶΣҾþЩֶξҲûõġ
εĵһν֣ѹгյ䣬Ҳչ¶οռǿǼֱ˾;Թ


1320 λ
Ե似˵ΪѵãܵһѾǶԼʵĪ
վڵһ̨ϵľ˵ӵһΪ棬гյֻ򣬹򵶵Ļߵĺɿռȵȡ
ǵΪֹǿģʾǱεοռ䣬һֲƥеĸо
Ҳ֮УȲ˵εΪ񣬵ƷҲֻĺɿռοռ
ĺɿռǲȱģεοռȴģһС
ұε䲢󣬱гջҪС꣬ǺʲôԵʣߵһ
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г˵䣬ü֮䣬һŽɫֳǶгüļ䣬⡣
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һɫĹѹгܣ˶ҵ·Ҫըһ㡣
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ʦˣƶɮûпοռı죬ֻƶɮΪǱʦõξʦͬ飬ҲǿκκηĵزֻҪһСɮͻ˲ܣ
СɮϸĹ۲죬۹ҲãǽҲãǾҲãʵƾġοռŵһģƺΪɣ޵Ķ޷졣
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Ҳһƫڵ͵ˣ˵һ꣬гձذɣôȻʮİա
гЦʦټΪˣƶɮǺ뾲꣬Ȼȷʵʦ˵ʦƶɮɣֻһ֣֮ˡ
гٴٻֻ̣֮üĽţһεֻ̣֮ǧֱһֻ̣֮ڱ졣
٣
гüļķֻ֮Уһֻ̣֮иֳӰ
Ӱͬ
ǵУеȫѪ鲻ܶط¶ȾѪͷ·ӵһеĳͷֱֻۣ۷ֱꪡ󸫡ͭȵ׶̵еȫӲӣԺһȦٲȻǷ
Ӱڵ޵˼ֻ
Ӱ֣һͬɱΣɫƽַ٣ʮ鶯ָޱȵЩڱߣûһͼ
һƬде֣ԶѩɽƮ죬ѩڣȪˮˮˣʱѾҹһµң¹£һеһУɴ֮УС
ʵ޷⸱Ҳսɱˡ

̨˾ڷУټߵʦԽƾһθӵĹ£ֻһ侳ĸо
ѧ磬Ϊʦӵнֻû
ڵ󣬶еĳֳ֯һ
ûô򵥡ⲻһǱοռ䣬γһȫµԭοռ䣡һֿµڱεѾǵ
ڣʶ㲩ĸ֣һһ̾һ߸пԭڻþܣֻþʵʻˡ
Ҳˣþʵʻ
ศɣһϣ
ȻҪѶȼǶ߶ǳǾţ޷ϰõܡ


1321 
츳ʵ˲ţڳڹΪֹ֪εΪʲôôһţ³칬ָ㣬Ҳܳɳֵز
̫أĳɳʲôû
λ֮еıΣͬλһδ֪ʱ֮Уǰȴ·վʱ֮ӵı˰޷
гյӰʱȪˮӰȻֱӱȪˮɢΪΣа޵ӰҲȫͣԭ׹Ҳʧȥɫʡ
Ψʣ˼ӰͬʱɱΣһתԭȫɱ֮һʱͬڣѣ
µɱ֮Уӿ
ʮ룬ɱ֮֮£ڳῡܣо·Ҫܲסѹ౬һ㡣
ڽһɲǣгշ˼ӰͬһѿӲıеɱˣ
Ӱʵǿܶ࣬ſɲɱɳΣ
ɫĮӰ嵽ǰһ˲䣬ͻȻȻһĨңʮ˸ҷֻۣӰ˲䱻ʮ˸Ҷʹšһ죬ɢ
ˣӰȫλɱ
̣ɼ򵥣ҰŵΨĻ棬·βɱ¾ֻھаһ㡣
һУɫƽĬĬĸٵ࣬ȫ֮ϣΧһУƺ޹ء
λѾ֮֮һ
˵ֻҪλгձذɣܶڶ֪λ֮󣬻ᷢʲô
гջʲôܴλֶ𣿡
ܶ˿гգſǷľС
ӦûˣһսгվѾᣬʱ˵ȫԸˣٳ٣Ҳֻ״̬µһضʽгվбʽҲ²ǱεĶ֡
Һ֪λ֮󣬵׻ʲô֣֮ǰ˵һλ꣬гձذɡ
ò˵λֻҪǱ鲼ɱ֮ʱ򣬵¶ҲˣճǸҲʫ续˿֮С
ǶʶȻгտ¼ֲλˡ
ڰ֮⣬гɫ΢΢԰ףոó£ٳ٣ѹҲǳ
ۿűελɱгεһЦ˵䡣
󣬵ȴĴȫ
ڳȻϵг˵ЩʧδλҲδܿĶԾʵź
̫ˣгվȻֲνλꡣ
εʵȷʵѾ̫ͬˣ治֪ôģ˵Ҳʮѡ
ʮ꣬˵ʵ΢ɷĻֻ൱ڳʱӤǰ;
ѡ¿űΣĬȻ֮ǰεһսҲܣ
ʱԺһϵ£βǷˣһսʤ㲻ض룬Ǿ׷г;ˣ㻹ܳСħɣȴѳԽˣͬ˾˵츳̫ߣߵ˼顣
Ҳӣ㣬Ϊͫո򲻾ãֻܿһ״̬ʱ䣬һܻᳬԽ㡣
˵ߣȻļ࣬ͫ
֪ˣϡĬȻͷܱ֮ΪϵߣȻǱ񽣵ˡ
ˣһ䣬ûдıҲֻʣһˣǾǱκĶԾ
ڶⳡģϾ˿ֻһ߹ıˣοδѡ
ȻҲкܶϣⳡܹҲһЩ˶ǱεĿȷ˿Ը⿴εһбǸ֮һս
սʤгպȷʵﵽߵ㣡
أʥ࣬ǿʵῡΪ֮
ȻЩӣʲôҲֻܰĽΣû˭һĵõΣ˵ξǲַŮҲԼǿʮӴʮҲϱΣ̫Զˡ
ν㣬û涼ѽ
ں칬ϢңСħɿŵ˵һľѾǶû뿪磬Щεķ˿ǣǾۼϢΧٴһ÷ݡ
ֻһЦ˶˿Ŀ׷ȴûκθоͻȻСħɵãô
Сħ΢΢һ㵣֪ΪαͻȻˡҲ̫ѽ˵úأʱûأ㣬ôˣ
ûʲôεҡҡͷ飬ֻΪʦθ˵εһ䣬Ҫһս
ʱʱУѾﵽĽ׶ΣѾ죬Ҳһʱ䡣
֮ǰʱʱ򲻵ʮ꣬һȥѾʮꡣ
֪ڤڤעɺϣʮ䣬ʮ֡
һһ죡
ʼɡ
һδ֪׼ѾˣͲһ
Ժн󷨡һ飬ȫա󷨡תڵԪ֮γɵȻʼ
а֮
а֮Ӱ֣֮֮
֮١֮٣
Ȼ٣ҲͶ뵽֮У
׻֮Ǳ꣬ο֮ٺͻ֮٣
ԭѾȶ̺ը֮һƲãͻ磬³֪
ڣǲȻ֮ıըҪм׻˫٣
˱ըʻӿͣȻĿ˻춴γɣȴ֪̺Խ࣬Խҵıըը֮γɵĻ춴ͻԽֲ
һ춴һ̫
׻֮֮üȶ·ϾҪʧȥƣױ

˫ĿĿۣȫͷѾϸܵĺ顣
ʱκϸ΢Ĳܵٲ
󷨡ΪĹǶϷ츳ɶѣ͵ͬɱ
ԽԽͣۿҪʧأ
Ԫ۶
һԪԪע磬һǿкıңγһ΢ƽ⣬Ѿǳص׶Σƽֻάּʱ䣬˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
һ˫Ŀͬҹ֮ȼյǻ𣬡ʢɣĻ䡭


1322 ޳ɴ
˵仰һ̣׷ſ˶ƿأ򳹵ױ
һʱ䣬ںڰ֮Уҫ۵Ĺ⻪ţͬ񽣣˺һУ
䣡
ֲ纣Хһӿֱӳı߽ϣ
һʱ䣬磬˲ľ޴ѡ
ǣ
ĿռƬ˺ѣ磬Ұ˺ţչţ޷ݵľʹһ˲䣬оҪȥһ㣡
ֱ仯ֱ˯ıϣıȻһֱ³һѪ
¡
µʯҲܲסֱӱʯм䣡
ʱУĸչŮһĻһ
ۿɫ԰ף͡ǿ׶ѪǶŴˡ
ԭ˳˯һˣͻȻˣ˭ΪҪһغˣ
ԽԽѾ˽ɫ۾ҲѪˣ
ĸŮŵ죬챨ǰ첻ˣ
һŮ˵ţŵĵȼһŴһŮԭĵڸϦദһʱ䣬ͻȻıʣǵȻġ
ĹâոϨȻһΪܲס籬ըĳֱ˺ѿǼƷʥķ£ĳ֮£Ҳȫûбκοܡ
ӵõϢһϱͬʱԼٵʱиȥ⣬һʲôأѧʧ
ʱں칬ǰһ⡣
ţѪΣ
ΪѾˣû뵽õϢȻ˵
ΡΣҲ΢΢ü˵ȥɡ
ҲֻˡͷڸӣҲѿϵ׷ʲô
һһ̣Ǿʱ֮Уֻͨ࣬ѪµʯѾ
μʦ𣡲μǰ
ӶźĸŮӵĳƺһУôҲû뵽ͻȻֵ˾ȻȫǴ˵е
𣬾ȻǶ
ǻæڵϣаݼ֮ߵĲ࣬ȵƽ֮Ĳö࣬д˴Ҳ֮С
ô£üӡ
ӵӸո̽һƬңбƣȻܣ֪ʲôʣȻǿֱֹͣ仯ô־òףֻʱı仯Żʦ١
ʱܼ٣ȻҲܼ٣ǰ̽飬ͻȻָһ㣬ֱӻӲµʱ硣
Σ
Щ죬֪ôȻԼɡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ػңӦûˡ
ţ΢΢һԸ֪̽磬ֻоһƺĳδ֪ı仯
һ磬ʼɲ⣬Ҫĸ֪
ȻԺ˵ʵںֻҪһѣΪʵ̫ǿһΪ͵˵Ļᱻиȥ
硭
һܶߵʡѪ֮Сħɵķ壬ٱгյķת
ܶʱꡢ磬Ҳһܳ쳣꣬вˡ
𣿡
Ժͷ˵Ļ̫ˣ츳ټϱ磬ñŻô
ʱֻξ֮УɾһƬ޼ʵ޿ռ֮Уɫ԰ףȻϢѾƽ
磬ͬ籩ϯһ㣬ѾһƬǽ壬а֮֮⣬ɽˮȫݻ٣
ȻƬ֮ϣһƬ۵գ߾ʱͷƹĳһ㣬Ǿͨռ䷨ߣԶ㣬ΪŤ֮Уˡ
㣬󷨡۶ɵĻ춴ӣ
춴µ壬ûʲôܹݻٻ춴һŻ춴һž޴̫УͻὫһ̫ɵշıը
ԪģǱ۶ɵĻ춴ȻԶܴﵽ̶ֳȣΪȴɳ̺ԽԽǿҲԽԽֱֲʱ䡢ռȫȥݻɿռĶѵʱս㣡
춴ӵһɲǣ·俪һĪĴš
ŴſһݵĴϢ
ɴϢһŶɾʱܵϴűʵĲͬӦ˵ȫûпɱԣϢ̺һ˿ʮ⾳վ˷ߵ㡣
çĴ֮Ȼ磬ԭԪ󼸺ٳɷ磬ʼ»
ըʵֲ̫ޱʵı߽磬ǳ˲ѵĵط
ڣЩˣڱ޸š
ѵʯأµɽ֮Ũޱȵ֮ԪƣΪƲʵ̫أȻԪꡣ
ЩԪ˸ɺԵɽȪ֮ͨУγһȪˬ
Ȫأľѿ黨ޡ
һ̣ʵڽڽﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ

һɺƴϢɢͬصˮת
ܵɺһʮϢõϹŷ̨л꣬ϢȻо
𣬻Ϣ֮еûʲôӰ죬ֻΪϢĺƴͲçֵ̾ĸڵϵŮϢϴ֮󣬾־㱣̥ǵĸо
̶̵ļʱ䣬ǳͻһˡ
⡭ǡ
Ůͨ죬ĻԵѾͻһ⣬ڵķ߶˱ʵǵպɾͣ˶һ¥
ǵȻҪΪλڳǶҪˡ
ӻһЦ˵ҲˣǻرˣҲڤڤ֮еˡ
Ӳ֪ϵ׷ʲôʣһĪĻԵʵͻͽ
ݻԵʮ־ˣͻƺɢһ˿ϢĸŮǳʵ˿ɼһˡ
ӿ𣬶ȴΣҪ֪Ͼʲô
Ƿ̨ԭô
һֱƲ⣬Ϲŷ̨ƬƳ̨ķƷ̺ʮϡ
ڿϷֱ̨죬ſʼתʵ


1323 ѳ
ͷ˵̨ʮף˷̨̺Ϲʮ⾳ϴһϴӰܴ֮ǰΪʱ̫̣ʮ⾳Ӱ컹ûֳʱƣƣԽԽԡ
εĿ϶ҡҡͷ̾һʹȻԶԶ磬ûˣװ׸һ˼¡
ʮ⾳пһʼȵõϹŷ̨ƬҪ˵һҲ
Ȼ̨Ƭô꣬Ȼһ˿ʮ취żȴδ֮ܽתԼʵ̨ƬҲǱԴΪƳһ鱦
ջ񣬱˵ʵ΢
뱦ɽֶ飬ͲУ˲ˡ
ֻ˵һ֣츳ԡȱٵҪ֡
ֻΪṩᣬܲܰסᣬҪˡ
𻺻˵ȷʵ˾ˣʱչȥɳеڣ֮Уôһ˿ãĻᣬԽ𣬳ɾ񣡡
񣡣̫˰ɣ
ӦȻҲ֪츳죬ֻǴ˵еľ磬Сħ𶼲Ϊпܳɾ
ãҲܽܣôóɵģ
Ҳûм˭ɾģ㣬涼ﵽˣҲʼ޷һôҲδ̫˰ɣţҾͲʮ½֮УδһģԶĲ˵СħɡΣһȲ
Ǳ˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬δܵɣֻһЩ˵Щ˵ܶ඼ǿʣûпԣ
ȻʮУҲ֮е飬д˵ɾǳһ磬д˵ɾ֮󣬿ͬ٣治࣡
ǰ߻ʲôʵ߹ȻԣûҲܽܣϾǿѾܷǳˡȻ˵ǳҲֻǷǡǸǧ򱶵̫˺ܶࡣ
׷ǿʵߵԸʵջǵģǴ˵пͬ
ʵ̫ˡ
һƿ䣬֮ϣ˭Ըһ֮䣬Ϊ
ÿͻһ磬ͻӳ߲ܶϳĥµ֮һ
εڹȥûпܣڴ֮УȴϣСħϣϣ󡣡
˵ţ˵ʲôҲˡΪҲһֱо˵ЩңԶˣһ͵ô
Ĭ˺һ˵ô˵òΪսʤΰɣ
Ҳоεغ쳣ῡ˵սʤμһܵ顣
λ˵γԽһ̫࣬αȣͲƽ
ֻ˵ûٶ˵һģļʲôεȻ
Ѿῡ
ʱʯϵͻȻҵĿһοԣһѪ
οһָۣһöӨ͸ĵҩöҩͨ͸ɢһɺֱͬɵһ㡣
ҩķɵֻŮǰβ˿˵ҩι£һʱ֮εһսʽʼ
סֻһʱʱ䡣˵仰ƮȻȥҲŲһʧˡ
ʱ˫ۣӳŮ
ĳ˯Ҳһ˿ʵĸоûֻ֮в԰ΣȻгգǲҲֻֿ̫̣֮ڻԲѣʵԼԸ˵ģĸŮչ졣
ллǡ
˵һŮԭ˳Сһ˵ǶЩţεǵر
ллǿɵġ
֡ʦ֣˵ɷˡһŮŻŵ˵ԡˣղǰ˵öҩһʱ֮󡭡Ҫ̨ʦһս
һս
ͷоղһΣ·һһ㣬һ䶼ЩңԶˡ
šˣεһսûѽ
ţս˫ȭоԼȭͷϣȫѪͺˮճճģһ̣Լûôǿ

ʱ򣬾гһսĽѾȥ˰ʱ䣬ųϵĹڣδ뿪칬ҲвһɵˣѾ齢׼뿪硣
ʱ򣬺칬˱εıϢ
ʲôҪ̨ˣ
һҼɵ齢ϣһЩ˺칬Ϣ
̫ˣȥ˱ߡ
ܶεķ˿˵̨˷ܵĲˣ֮ǰгһս֮󣬾ͽ˹ûٳúܶһֱѡֹĿȷ˿ʧޱȣڵ֪Եټһ棬Ȼ˷ܡ
߾Ե򶨶ˣǵȻȥһѷȥһСŮôڣô
˭ȣһʵȺӵĳ
ȣ֮ǰŵῡ˵
ˣ˵˯һˣ⻹ѹסҡҡͷдһ˿޵Ϸʡ
츳û˸һɣμӵһ䣬Ϊǿˣһ˯һ࣬ûѹ˾úЦˡ
Ϊ˵ǲηǿУ
˵ģǴ󻢱ƣȱ
һѣԼĲˣôҺûǻ֮
Ȼˣܶ˶²⣬ǻʲô֢Ϊ˳˯һ࣬ӵиҩĵ칬֮Уôˣ
һ³嶯ëͷСӣ˳ûʲôÿģһΪǱθһıԱԣĻпͷġ
гձǿܶ࣬һܣελûѾ䣬˵ˣȫʢʱҲסμУοڻˡ
˿һսһʼͻúܶ᲻ȥˣǱεķ˿ǲΪȥսģֻΪȥεġ
ȻǰЦܱθ˭أֻȥΣֲǿĶ֣˵ˣθ˭Ȼһ˭Ӯ˵ҪлҪʱˣһսأ


1324 ε
һսܿʹˣݱεῡܷ׷׸ٶȿεӰʮ㡣
ЩˣӾӶ࣬Ůԣ곤һЩˣĺˣ˵רŸȥȥһȫѹܳϢʱսûʲô˼
һЩˣֱӳ齢ˣǿһѾǽˣһֻ߸ˣ˵ǻıϾгնԱεһѾǳҾʣ֮һѹʵıе㲻ײ࣬йβ֮ӡ
󣬵Ĺֻԭķ֮һңոһˡĺܶطǿյġ
ˡ
̨²Զ¿ܴе⣬Ҳܲ⣬ֱ²ܴô򵥣顣
ƣһˡ
·ǳУͬһڳϻгǹâ¶Ǿ»ܴϸܵһ˿ϢĲͬ
о֮Уͷ·𱥺һСһ㣬һݵС
٣Сӣеŵһʱ䣬ȷʵ˵仯øˣԱСŮޣûá
ھµֽУһо٬
ϣ˿϶
ȻΪ˭һţ˭ʵ񺣺ڴﵽزгղǿɽб칬ǿǿĳˣǧ꣬һķת޳ɽղ֮壬ӵᣬӳͿʼطҩ壬¾Ϳʼʮ꣬ɫ̰֮ͯڣԡ츳Ը涼ûˣеѾﵽŵļ£ǶϱΣ䣡
˵ƲƲ죬ƺ뵽ʲôˬһ㡣
ȷʵǿԶҲ̫Զˡ
ߣҲԷƱΪϷͽܣδɾ۷ģϣܽȻѶȺܴ󣬵ҲȫܣһˣҲСħ츳ʤһˣгգ㶼غ£ڱΣٺ٣ϷûΪͻƾ磬նһӲĽԪһΪͶ̥תų˱Σ޳۷壬Ƕ˺壬۷Ϊһ񾳽磬Ůˣ൱Ұģ
ϴһȻһţ˵Ԫת
˾Ųʮˣǵ겨ǳƣһûΣҲȫ϶ֻǸŽܵεϢˣ̫أȫʢʱڣҲ̫ɵġҲ²Ļôǿʱεķ棬Ӧ˵Ϊ˺ܶ·ͬʱθǿ󣡡
һ˵ȷʵ˵θʵ̫ˡ
һʣһأһһʵˣ
վһ𣬺ΪĲ಻̸ٲȻһá
ԭˣʱΣӵεȫĻȷʵ˿ɱȣͷĸ߶ȣѾǵⷶΧ
٣мͲˡҡҡͷõתطҲһ˫нͶ̥תʱҪ̥֮ԣȴܶණЩᱻڱУҪĻָ䡣
ˣεʵҲһֱһҪ⣿ѣѣѣ
һ˵֣ͲǫˣҲΪԼͽܾаֿεĿܣھ´ﵽ֮ǰˡ
Ӧ˵ֱ۷壬²ôһЩܣΡȻҲпʱֱںΪһֱ֮
ԭˣεһսԭһƽĶԾѴ漣ˡ˵ЩϧгһսҲеϣ̣Ա̫ˡ
Ц˵ͻ侳ڷ˳ĻôⳡΪ׼ĳǴһʼעֻбһֻΪǶѡ
ʱ仹аʱһս칬Ҳ˶ľ֡
ʤһһһʤһʮ
ʣνţ
ıʤӮˣҲֻаٷ֮һ棬ʵңע޵ģ޼ע
ˣкܶ˱ӮȻӮ˶٣ȵҲѽ
ٷ֮һǺ칬ĸôεһ䣬칬Ƕľ־Ӯ˲ѽ
û֮ǰΪ˲أһСħɵһս˸ţٺ٣°ٷ֮һһҪӮ
ںܶ˿ζľʵǺ칬ɢƣҲʵ󣬸ҷֵͷ
һȰʮһŵı°ͣЩԳЦЦ֮ǰԼǰӮ˲٣ѹһ¡
ֻѹԼҲȫûսʤεİգ񲩸ͷ˾ˣҲûʲô
һʱʱڹȥˣվ̨֮£ƽȣḧѪǹľˮ
ǰԶվűΣֻվȫͬһ㺮̣ʳɷͷ·һбֻǿһ֮
ͣ
ԣͦסȡŹѽҪֱӾͰˣǾ̫û˼
εķ˿ǣȴڸľϣܶһǺö࿴һ
ЩţֻǰԱһ˷Ѫǹ
ɫƽ£۵һγһλðıתֻоԼ·תȥһ㣬Ƶģ

ںʼһ̣νµıȻɢÿһ仨궼öɣһööȻȴɭ͸ɱ磡
칬սؼսԶ̹
ݣ
ıڿϳֱն
ȻֻǱεһѾǳֲȻгյֻ̣֮Ҳ̫࣬Ȼôܵġ
ǶΪҪа֮ӰþҲֻѹסεʱһѪǹ֮ϣȼܻ档
ƾ淨
û뵽ƺǴƾ淨Աε̫ſ˰ɣ
֮һɲǣһǹ̳ϵǰطȫںϣ֮У̺һ˿׵Ϣ
ϵطףֻǴżԶԶﲻĵزһ
䣡
ֻһ죬ǹâը飬ε֮Ҳ
͵ˣ
ڳڶޱȾ㵣֮Ϊ棬˳Ծǣֻƾ򵥵Ļϵһ㡣
ûĻϵ򡭡˵⾳ôܣ


1325 ˫
ӺһսʱĻϵǵشɡ
۷а֮Ĵڣķ򻹲ӣϾ˼ʱշ
ڣʱ䣬˵ǳ˯һ࣬ķ򣬾ȻѾ˵Բǿطż
ֱ˼飬οڷҵʱг˯Ҳ
⾳ɣԲֻǲһʵϣ֪ǿߣһӶһͻơ
ô£ѵ֮ǰıʵ
гôңôʵȻʱߡ
ܣ֮ǰˣ˯ˣ
ܶ˸ţ츳ѾòῡܼˣΪǿгյıˣ˯һº֢Ĵ£ܶĻ֮ĵῡܶԿЦ̬Ӷࡣ
һֳ̨֮ϣڷ滹ͻƣôܵˣ
˲ΪȻ˵ԭͼﵽԲˣμӵһôţķҲ׷ƽˮƽѣʲôֵġ
һȻԵʵ˵ĶʵڷȷʵڣķҲڲ֮ѡ
ſɣôһ㣬սֲ̫ӰģεĲ̫Զˣ˵طԲǵطԲҲû취ֲ࣡
εݣ˼𼶱֮⣬û֪ۿһģһЩɲ⣬۹ⶾϼһȻ֪εĲԪתҲ϶ܣһͲսʤ
һսû˿¸žµĽϡЩҲˣԼҲûʲôա
̨֮ϣһ˫Ҳһ˿ɫȻһǳ˯ô򵥣Ҳû뵽ʵȻôࡣ
һ룬
翵ԪУͬɽ紫ĸһ㡣
ǰɡ̹Ȼش
һһٵʱ𣿡
΢΢ʱĻԪƾ粻Ӱ죬ͻЩŤĲͬټʱһ䣬˳һ㲻ѡʱġ
ʦܹȻرҾʶһ£ɹɡ˵ţ֣֮䣬ˮתһʱ·ıڱš
̨ʧˣͱη·һƬԴ֮ϡ
οռ䣡
ھһʼ֮̽󣬱ʩչ򡪡οռ䣡
οռһ˭棿
ⷽռ֮УξǾԵף
ˣ
Ƿ׷׿ԭΪβôóһУڱʵϼУڣһ֮̽󣬱αóοռ䣬ҲζţսºܿҪˡ
οռ䡭վοռУԭָо
Ȼͼοռ䣬лǵһΡ
վοռУԺлֻҪԼһͻ£龰
һɫħվޱȵ֮У԰Ρ
زūվ׿޾ıأȫԼ
־ᶨԱΣҪοռûκζֱӾͻܡ
𣡡
ֻһ޵ξοռһͷͷޣֱ
ͬʱ˫һϣΧƾճɫȫУҲ׵ľ˺ѵġ
ס޷ܣ޹ЩޣޱּͣԸֻ޶ɣοǼʮֻ
οռĹȫע磬һ̣һѪɫſǵ
һһɲçۻĴϢĳοռ䣬һɲǣΧʮɷΧڣʢȻ飬ıͬҲҵĲѡ
οռ䱻ƿˣ
ۣ
ʮͷ޳ɿռ֮УһеĺɷѸһЩСޣһҽС
ǿϼʮֻҲʮ鷳ЩֻҪοռ䣬ɿռ䣬Щ޶˵΢ˡ
ʱȻһ̤зѪǹɨһ̣һ˷Ѫǹͬһǹâ䣬ƲɵֻۣʮͷޣȫɱѪĽ
ɱȫޣǹɨ

Ҳ˺ѣ
ɿռϢϵɢȥӲĽΧʮɷΧڵη뿪ȻֻʮɷΧѾ㹻ˡ
ڳڿһĻˣȻ򣬶Կεοռ䣬ӲοռпٳһƬԼ
ӿڣοռһֱǵһܹ⣬гҲ⡣
ԺɿռԿοռ䣬ȻԱѹƣѾΪѵˣڴ֮ǰ黹δֹ
ôᷢ飿
ΪʲôͻȻʵôࣿ
ʱû˻Ϊδ̶ֳãżȻȷʵʵǣ
֮ǰĳ˯ô£˭˵˳˯ˣ˳˯һ룬ʵ
֮ǰˡ˯ܶ˶ЦɵƳǿ֪ǳڣּǼ򵥵ˣǾĳǸ󲻵ɱ䡣
ǶˣҲͻˣ
ЩЦɵƵˣɵơ
λϯϣЩʥߣʵϳֵı仯һֵʱ򣬾ʲͬˡ
Ȼ򵥣֮ǰ˵Σ츳СħɣгҲ˿ڿҲǵ͹ˣ
Сħɣһῡеľ˫
ϧεʵ̫ǿʩչοռ䣬ʵθԳ⣡
ֳʵǿԱΣʼЩ飡
̨ϣοʱƾδ߶οռ䣬Ҳֻѹĺɿռ䣬޷
λľ֣£ԽԽ࣬һŭţϵӣ̨ıá
ĺɿռ֮УҲб룬ĥ𣬿һĻüһоڸղһ˲䣬Ϣٴ
һһˣɲ⣡
һ̣ڱǰĪξһγһ顣
ᷭ飬οԲʥ䣡
δ˵Ը֮ʵҲһԸԸʮֲֿ


1326 Բʥ
һ̣ǿޱȵηڱεܣһööӡǴӱת衣
ƯգֳԲʥ䣬˼ӿڳڣסӰ죬һֻһЩΪ񣬲ôӰ죬һЩΪˣֱΪһԲ֮Ա޾֮飬·һ̣ξ
񺣳µῡܣűοʼĤݣЩˣܶ඼ǽʥصţԱεԲʥ䣬Ǹ޵ֿ֮У֮·һڲϵβһɹ֮зλ۶
ԸҲ֮
ǺޱĳһڵʱǾͻ׳Լ֮Ƿ˵֮ҲСȻ΢ڷˣǻ۶ɵ֮ʥ
ܶ˸ԸĤݱΣ׳ԼԸáԸλ۶ЩԸڳῡܣλ飬Ƕӭϱε
μִоƽ֮¡
μԸоǰ׷Ѱ֮
ʱգҽ֮մҷΪԲΣ
ԲһеԸȫ۵С
һ̣ڳʥ׷ɫ䣡
ΣξƼԸĸԸĤݣһˣ֮Ǻεȿֲ
񺣺ڣӰ쵽񺣳µῡܣôأ۷壬ǷӰ쵽µǿߣ㣬ˣܵӰ죬ǣļɵ
칬̫ˣ
µηһһķⷨΪУչ¶οռ䡢Բʥ䡢λǿޱȵʽ˭Ҳ֪ЩֶΣ
칬ޱȣɲ⣬ټ칬ϡ٣ƽºܶǿߣҲһ䣬״μʶη
ԸǰһӰӰмƣͨɢһʥ֮Ů·䡣
ԸȻ飡
ǣ
̤ǰʱĺɿռ俪ʼҵһƣںɿռ֮ϵӿɿռ䣬Ҫˣ
һΣɿռ䲻Ǳѹƣѣ
ԲȱĻԪԿηѾԵֿ
¡
һ̤ɿռ䣬ֱӽɿռһǲȵóױ飬һɫ΢΢԰ס
۶ɵ飡Яһɿֲ־һ㷨Գĳ
λûλأгһսλδ֪꣬꣬ӳǿȻԲʥ仹ֲ
ֶβսʤһû취ȣ˭ֵܼʱˡ
ڳ֣Ȼη򲢲˽⣬ǵóη֮֮Ҳܿ
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ͨ񺣡ǿߣֻʽмһ˿ܹ֮ӳսޣԶԶȲñΣ񺣺ڣʹﵽֵز
Ը̤һɿռԽԽ࣬Ѿﵽޡ
һֳַ̣Ѫǹȫȫע磬֮УΧŻ춴ӣγһУһعӵķģת
ɲǼ䣬ǧӡЩӡ鲼Բʮա
󷨡ӡ
һȣеӡģȫԸ顣ҪƾԸӡ
ȻԸǺεȴڣǱƼͬռ֮ԼηΪģҪӡôף
ӡģһ⻪ûɢôֲۡ
һ̣ûĽӡԸκãαˡгա¡ϣҲ뷨
¡
̤׵̤ĺɿռ䣡
һ̣ѾжɿռϵⱻˣĽӡͬʱҲ֮ϡ
һǧٵӡһɲǣȫûǽ֮Уʧ
·ûܵʲôӰ죬̤Ĳʱߣ
ৣ
ڳһ񽣣һն£ʱȻһ𣬾ǾҵĲ
ڣӡûǧٸطͻʣ
Щӡԭۣû֮ȴͬһȺҰһ㣬ʼ
Щӡ·ӵһеҲ⡣
ǧٸ㣬γǧٸ춴ɣЩɵȫͨһε뵽ڣۼ˻춴֮У
󷨣Ƿӡ֮Ҳ֮һ춴֮У󳹵׷ӡ
ֻ֮䣬γߣУ
һĻȫڹڣԼ۾
ʲô
ôܣȻô쵽ģ
޷㣬ֻ⵽ɣ
ڳһЩߣҲЩ˽⣬ǸԸ׳֮Ϊ飬ɱĶȻƣ

һ̣оԼ춴еڿٵţ춴ӵҲڱǿ
Ȼһ뿪֮̾ͱޱȱ꣬ƺҪԼ
䣡
ܶԱҪʯ٣һ춴͵תһУ
ƾα꣬춴֮ж׷飬춴ʱ䡢ռս㣬Ҳʡս㣡
ǿҲվһ֣ܲסսĻ춴
˴֮Ʋû˿ɵļڳھ˵ˡ
ҲˣҲܷɣҲ̫̬ˣǸ޷һġ
̨֮ϣ鲻ϵķŭȻƾȴķӡԽԽ
㾹ȻܷӡĿһۣһ˿֮ɫΪԲʥһһսˣû뵽Ȼóһֲ˼Ĺӡ˴
Բʥ䱻ˣҲûоʧ룬·һУûݵһ㡣һָ飬һȫѿɵ
ȻԻ춴дɷӡôα㽫ֱֿӺɱ
ʱѾ󷨷ӡ˾ųɣһɵ۳һɱ
һ̣Ϊó¼Ѿδͻıʣ־Ȼ뾫֮
ս飡
ݣ
ֻһХɫĺսֱ˯һʱսѾ˱̻սżڰɫУЯһ˿֮ɫ
˿֮ɫȻ΢ȴ˺սһϣ
սγɵ־֮ӭ
־γɵһһߺĻײһ
꣡
һʱ䣬־Ĺգ飬־֮ҲӦϣҵײ˾籩֮ǰ׳֮ῡܣķ籩˳Уо㱡
Щʵǿһߣȫסˡ
ƽԲս飡ҲлƽԲս飿
ǻƽԲȷе˵Ѿ̻սò˶ãͻˣ£ս飬ȱζй֮޲
εս飬ǻƽԲһ˿̻սϡ
Ҫ֪칬칬ˣԭꡢ־Զˣսǿģ
ͨʥسҲû˵ʲôʦȻҲս־磬ô£
սǿǿǿǿǿԲʵ£ǿ⻹ô
Ĵڣúܶ˸᲻׷
ϵʲôܣսﵽֵزһ˿ֲķӡ֮׷ӡ֮伶ģжһ򲻿ܷӡ
ղʩչķӡ֮гһսʱԲᣬʩչˣѵһУ˵ĳ˯ڼ䣬Ĺ
ˣڻΪˣֱЦǶһ룬Ϊ˶˯ʵΪʲôͻͽ
֪ĸ˵һ䣬Ƕ̲סһڿˮѵѹûˣ˯һʱô£


1327 ڰ
гһսˣֻ֮µͻƣʱУЩ򣡡
֮ǰ˵˵ԼĲ²⣬ѾʮʵȻڳȴ˲š
˵Ĳܣʲôܹһ֮ڣʵ̶ֳȣҲ̫ˣʱֻΪѲΪ߼Ϊޣڶѣķʽȫͬˣһ߲ܽ˵ڳԼɡ
֮ǰȴ˵ǽĻʵпʱʵͻͽģ
һﾪˣڳڶǾˣ򣡣
״̬󣬲Ȼ˵ʲῡܣһУܻζ򣬲Ϊ棬ǶһΣһǼӣ˲𼸸ʱһʱ䣬δţῡܶеĸӣԭΪˣǺܶлһֻĸо˾ãƺԼĲѾôԶˣڲ֪֮ǰ뷨жЦ
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̨֮ϣοѵ־֮⣬˫֮Уһ˿ɫʡ
Ԫ˵̨֮ǰʦѾңҪһսǶҵһĥ£ҲΪȻȴ֪ʦ˵òȷʵ͹㣬ʩչع֮¡
Ȼ칬䣬ȴ֪ʩչķ󷨣ʵǲȱġ
Ϊķֻ̨ǺķƷҲǵõϹŷ̨Ƭûеõķ𴫳С
Ϸ̨ʮֻ֮ǵõһöƬеķ󷨣಻ķ󷨣ļѾ𹦷Ľޡ
˵仰ĬĬĴֽ֮УȡһűɫĹ١
ͨ徧Ө͸Ĺ٣ͬˮɣʮ˸ұ֮ϣɭɭ
һŹ٣¶һԵƣ·г˯һŮꡣ
λ꣬λ
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ʱһ齢֮ϣһǰһ⣬ǴĹâ
ţһսѾȻ׶ΣһֱʤѾóλ٣
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齢סˣŵĶǵĺ󱲣ûƭǵɣôҲ޷⴫˵ġ
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յϢԽԽ࣬ϿգֱܶɶԶԶȥǧߣڼʮ֮⣬ܼͬСڵ㣬Ⱥȳһ㡣
еڷٵӣԲĻ᳡ֻҪһϢʱ䣬Ӱˡ
кܶˣΪѾ齢뿪ȫٸܸܲϣǾδˡ
֮УصŶתӣλѾ죡
ڱΧѾγͬɽˮһ
ڴͬʱοռֱУóͬʱʩչοռ䣡
һ̣οռںΪһֻ̨֮ϣ˱ǣУһɫĳȹλ곤ٺϥͷʱɣ䡣
촽һԸ֮쳹̨֮䣬·˵
ҳ֮գǧڻͨǧ磬ܿܿ׷ߣԿɵò˼֮ΰ֤ࡣ
ҳ֮գΪƿأʮ֮£ߣԿԲΣ˼ֻأ
űε̨ϡ
ĻС


û˻ɣôܳ𣬶еٮٮߡ
ǳȴʮδֹˡ
ڱο˵ȴʮ㣬һɲɵϢ·˵ĲԸδˣ
һתɱ֮ɱ⣬λӣһĵһߣֱӾͻ飬һΪ١
ĵ糱ˮһ
˫ȫ籡ĳƮȫ裬һ̣ڣһźɫľƯöɫֻжһ㣬ǵֵʱձһ㿪ʼֱŤˣ
ŤգŤռ䣡
ŤĶѣ
ڳڣһĻǾ˵
Ҫ֪ռ䣬ǳȹ̣
ܶţܹռ䣬Ťռ֮ⲻϡ棬Ľ˺ѣǼֱ˼顣
ڵȻˣ
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ĺɫ壬޵Ļ춴ӣ
ʮǰʧѾõľѧĪ˵Щʥ𼶸֣ʶ㲩ĽϡˣҲʶ󷨡
ǡں칬򶨵Ҳ΢΢ݣ֪ʩչĵʲô

춴ӳֵһɲǣ֮䣬еԪӻ۶οռеҲ⣬ɷϯ㣬ѡ
ôұһһʣʱ䡢ռУøݳ٣ӡڰ㣡
Ի춴ӣģİǺڶһУ
֮춴ɵȻʩչһУҲȫѪͻѿ
Ϊʩչ󷨵ġӡ֧ţʩչڰ㡱ȴѾļˡ
ǣ
ϵ˺ѣλҲϣελۿҪˣ
ˣȻҪλ
ţѵҪӮˣӮ±Σųһܹƥеľ
ǶţȻܰѱαƵ̶ֳȡ
ĹοĻ춴ӣ޷ٱƵգʽҵ󡭡ˣҲֻܳλ֮£һ㣬һ޷


1328 λ
λ֮£
εĻڳῡܣס˺гһսʱ򣬱ξ˵λ꣬гձɣôλ֮¶Ȼв˼֮ΰ
λ£ĥһзϴΪ֮
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һ̣ں칬һƺҪֹΣȻԥ˼Ϣʱ䣬ҡҡͷαһս죬ô򵥾䣬ΪĻˡ
һתλ֮ǰɱֹ֮ƽͣλ£ûƺƴ䣬عţһʱ䣬֮УӨĻ裬Ʈڱεĳϣϣһɫȹ֮Уһ̳ΪĻ档
ʱһصĺɫڱα󻺻֣ԽԽλ£ֻǻ۳һɫ壬ɫķ棬˿ۣȻһɲǣȴ
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û뵽λ£ȻħӰ
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һϵڵħռ䣬ĽܷѩСħкúõġ
ħԼڣˡ
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ħ칬ηã˿칬ܿӵиħйصĴУ
ѵӵһħķƷ
лͷٻħӰħһģһֻϢԶԶ㣬Ҫ˵칬ӵһħķƷҲпܡ
һʱ䣬еħ궯ƺҪͷĺɫɵһ㡣
ٻħһħ궯Ϳ߶ֱħĻħʻԹΣ
һħһǻʵħһǱħƷӰô֪
ħһȷе˵ǳ֮Ϊ䣬еġȻɵع屦
˯ڣûܷ㵱Զŵ۶£ޱȷḻʮĲӡ飬ǱħҲ֪ħĴڡ
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дˣʶħ𲻿ܲʶ֮⣬вڰڤӣҲȻϵħԼӴ˻ᱩ¶ڤӶϡ
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Ƿ˫ޣӵħķƷԼǰ¶ԪĴеûʲôҲǸԪһԼķȥ̳лԪĴС
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һ˵ħΣҲԼʵ
λ£ħƷӰӳʵļޣħʤ˵Ҳûκ塣
һӵ񽣣һսʱ򣬾¾Ϊ񽣵䣬֮ǰСħɶ֡
ûôҲһѡ
һȫע˻춴֮С
弫ת˫ϵѪܼըѿ
һǿ󣬶ԷԼóڰ֮Ȼλ£֤ƿڰİա
а֮
һ󣬳˾޴а֮Ӱ
һ̣а̺֮׻֮ȫ緢ǰ֯ɳɫ
þ
Ȼһǹ̳׻֮һŻ춴ӣΣ
ۣ
ֱϵѪȫ飬ҲദѣѾʩչǿһҲǳ帺ɵһ
һλ»ɵħӰҵײһ
һ˲䣬Բ֮ڵձ׻ˣĻֻ
ҫ۵ȫĿä
ֲйʩչ򣬲Ż͵Ĳ꼰ϯЩΪһЩῡܣͳܲס
̫ˣ
޷Ȼǿֵز
˭Ӯˣ
Ǽ룬̨֮ϣڰ춴ıγһĺڰգǵһߣ֪Ρ
ڰ֮ڣһֳֻŷѪǹڵϣѾѪȾ죬˫ѾѪģھദ𣬼ʧȥս
ǰʧȥ֧ţȴڿУûе£Ҳ⵽شӿڣεһˣ˵òᡣ
Ϊˣòһ㱡Ѿɢȥ¶һΨµľգ
ǣȻɣͬһѩɽź˪ѩȾ˿֮ʱɫ΢΢԰ףɫĳⴹɢһ˿Ѫƽһϧ
㡭
ҪԻգȻΪܵλµķ̫أһǣڵƣǵѪɫ졣
˶Σһ㱡ɴסò
üͷģˡ


1329 ս
춴ɵĺڰ˺ܾãʵΪʱ䡢ռĻŤ׸˹ߡ
㼸ʮϢ֮ǲſ峡ľ
ԷѪǹ֧壬ȫȾѪȻ˵òᣬǰһɴɢϢȻҲˡ
αˣ
ڣεһˣ
Ǳελ£ĺڰ㣬Ҫ͸֧ȫܴʽײĽƾУ˶ܵʽķɣһԪңѣսˡ
ɱ⻹ǽǿԻΪۣս
Ǳ䣬ûҪΪʤ˼Լ֮
Ӯ㡣
ҡͷջԼλ١
˴ˡʵ˵ñء
˳̶ȣȷʵȱصö࣬⿴Ѫ֪ˣȫദѣ
ʵķǿ˵ñȱأҲζײУʽıλѹˡ
ˣѹһ£սһ¡ΪĿԶȱǿ˳ܵסǱôأվŶˡ
ѾţɱҲֵ󡭡һսΪֹɡ
д⡣
Ժڰþǿһελѹ˵ʱ֪Լսʤ˱ˣѾóǿĹȻûȼžѪʵ֮ǰʽѾļޣȼžѪҪױ
ǿһӮˣˣѾûսȥıҪˡ
κ˶սȥȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǡ;ˣ
һһ۷ԾȻ˺;֡
ʱ򣬻кܶųߣʥ齢ҴҷĽǶһ㶡
ʲôˣ
ˣʲôЦҸոϵ
ܶʥﶼޱƣЩˣĳһƬͷһõϢ֮󣬵һʱǳˣϾ֮ǰܶѾ齢뿪˺½ܹ˺ѿռ䣬ŲƣҲûϡ
ƽ֣Ȼƽ֣Ȼδƽ֣
ƽֵĽЩʥˣƽζһսһƾУޱȼңԾ˫ѵһţһʱһ̨϶Ծǿ
ܹۿһʵңƫƫȴƤӵ°ⳡˣպҲûлᣬжϧ
ʶһ㣬Щɫѿ䵱ϯϺܶ۱ղһսľ֮ʱǸƵ˼㡣
˭⵽ô£ôͻȻô
֪Ҿһֱˣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһĳ˯Уʵͻͽһսʤ
ս̣¼սأóһ£
һıÿһս̼¼ս̼¼ģ޷ֳĲվǿˬܱȿɵĺá

ˡ
̨޸пδ᲻ʵԶԼԽʦ
Ϸʦ칬һʱ֮͹ȥɡ
š
٣ûκ⣬ԭһٿ֮ʱذǰ칬ɺָ㣬ڿȻʵˣҲǿԶһЩʥصһЩָˡ
һ˳׽ڳɼ˷ܣûɢȥڼҵŸղŵս
᳡Ѿ˽ˣһʼ͵ģң;ģҲźЩڱ˲Ÿϵˣȴûвڵġ
һֵĶľ֣޼գȫע
ʱ֮
һˡ
ʮ򵶣ڵڶݶõ˵һһԭһݶȽϺõĻţɹɱǰʮ
ھʯߣʤ򵶣ס˵ھš
ڰҢһսҢսˣûгϣӲȻʵǰ̫ǿһεһ䣬ֻеߡ
£ʵ˭ʤ˭ؾӶࡣ
СħɣԶʮվλãСħɵ츳԰£
ʮûκǰȴЩ⡣
ձгոһȫʤŵڶһƽһŵ
İձţгǰʵ˵ȥгҲԸˣԼʤһʵ
гյʵȷʵ߹˯ǰԱȳ˯֮˭ǿ˭һۿ
ǣге
ʵڲ֮䣬һսҲûʤôǰһʼƶı㣬αʤһеһеڶ
峤ζˣڶ
Ϲŷ壬רŵõһݼ¼սս̺ͳɼ
һڶ񻰰ĳɼһεһ䣬Ⱥ۲Զ
ŵĳɼĻʯҲЦˡ
ЩûعоԼһ㡣
Ƽŵһ䣬ϹŷҲμӹ֪ٴΣɱ˵һڶǽǶ
ϹŷõһΣҲɱ˰ǧʯԭ¶ҪҲֻȡǰʮѣڶ֮
ʵԤѡһʼʱ򣬱˵ʯʵΪ˽ĽܷѩҲû뵽ߵһ
Ǹʱȷʵûվվ̨ϵʱ
һ֮ʱ񺣳ڣϵԲû񣬸ܾںΪһ
£μӾǰʮǿ
ȻԤѡÿһαͻƣʵߣֱ˯죬սƽ
ܿ죬εһսڹڣͨ鱨ɢȥֻǼʱ䣬
ڣǿ߶ƶƫԶ򣬷С硢Сλ涼֪Ĵ
һսս̣Ǳ˼ʮڷݣһס
ڵһֳ칬طŵεĴ򶷾ǳϯкܶˣѾǵһιۿˡֳҲֻܿЩˡ
ЩǺ󻰣ʱں칬ںӵĴ£ǰ
һС𶼿ǵѹܴϸܵһļµĿɲϢ
ǲкܶ໰Ҫʣ
ȿڵһŮӣɣ
Ȼкܶ໰ҪʣҪԼܷѧϰ칬䣬Ҫ֪ʮһεشپʲô֪ʮǰԪ𾿾Ϊʲôܴ½׷һս䡣


1330 ֮
ǰǰ
ǹһ˵ǰԣȷʵһЩҪǰָ㡣
˵ɡһӣΧ䣬һƬﻨĲԭ֮УΧȪˮˣʤա
µĽ磬֮Уǵһ̸˿̽
ǰʣ֮ǰ˵ֻҪذǰͿԽ칬ѧϰһ䣬ʣһ䣬ǷѡȨ
Ŷ΢΢һЦѡʲô
ѡģǰ䣡
̹Ȼ˵⣬ȴˬʵЦСӣǿҺ칬ѽ
ǰɷˣǰܹٵڶ磬ԪԶͬߣҲѧֻԶԣø󡣡
ٺ٣ݱ۲죬ϵҲ˰ɣͻȻ˵ϵ䣬ԼΣҲѧһƤë䣬Ѿˣֱа֮ɿռ䣬бƷߣǲȱҲǳ󷨡
ЩȷʵΪһЩżȻᣬõһЩǰĴС
šҲˣѧö࣬δܾѡһ׷չȥ֪ѡ񡣡
ÿһ䣬һֱ𾳽磬ѧĶˣȻܹӷʵǾδعá
гգʵֻѧһ䣬̤֮·һֱھֱֻ̣֮ڡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ǻᰴԼԭ·ȥѡ˫ޣѡһ
䣬ѧǡҲ㵱ӡ
˵һˣЩȣôõͽܣŵģȻգ
Σò칬еӣԲŲҲ֪㵱ʱΪʲôأΪֵһɣ
ֱ˵պĳɾͲ칬ټһΣ˭칬棿
Ψһֵÿǵǣ˶Ǿ˫һ˳ʱһ㺣Ǿпܴεļɻˡ
ʵԱεݣҲһЩ²⣬εԪ֮ǰ飬Ǿ͸Ǵˡ
ȻЩҲֻ룬Ȼֱ˵ġ
ҡҡͷҲΪͽԭֱԣ㲢ʺѧϰ䣬ΪûоԴ㿼
Դ
΢΢һ˵Դʲôȴ
оо񣬾ΪʣΪΪߣʼıԴ֪֮ɣ
ͷ֮ϤǺɿռĸ
ԪִܹƺɴܴһԭΪӵдĺ֮֮ʵıԴ
˺֮⣬ϻֱԴֱ̫֮;ԴһӦһӦ񡯣Ҵη򣬾̾Դ
칬֮٣ˣµĵӣǧʱ䣬ҲʮˣΪһƣҵĵӣҪһ˿Դ㲢Уע޷ηȡʲôɼ
ԭŻ޹칬ô١
̫֮֮Դ߾澫ıԴ֮˵ǵһ˵
ڣ㻹Ҫѧ𣿡˵
ҪѧԥĻش𣬾ޣϵʮ취Ȼ
ðɡûٷԣȻִҪ֣Ҳԣֻϣ㲻Ҫķʱ䡣
ΪĴߣԿ϶ûоԴע޲䣬Ȼĳɳ𲢲ԸԤԼˣһֱܱ˵ĸԤҲ߲һˡ
лǰȫϲֻҪѧ䣬εĵʲôϵ
ǰ⣬غʮĴ٣֪پʲô
ڷ̨ϣһЩڴٵĲ
վڷ̨ϵΪʥΪޣգͬһſǳȳ棬ʵģ
١ЩƮ졣
浮Ѿ֪꣬Ҳ꣬Ҳ꣬ڼ䣬ҲΣⷽضưܻô಻ѣʷνġ١ʵ̫̫ˣǰϡ
ͻȻĸпĬš
˵ʮ٣Ӧָʮϵʧ𵭵˵һݣʮϣʲô
ʮ⾳޷򣬵ʮʲôڶ֪
Ӧ֪޾ؾɣ
ͷؾȥΣһ޼ƹܵؾһξңƹܵĺؾ
ؾһջǣһεõ˴ĲƸ
ǰ˵ϱڣѵָؾϱڣһͻȻ˵
ؾ֮УƸҪ룬ǳѣΪλؾ֮ڿռϱڡ
ҪͨϱڣͨҪĴʯҴ͵Ϊ̫ߣΪԽߣĵԽ
ҲΪԭ򣬲޼ؾңĺؾÿȥһΣҪĲƵԴ
ؾϱڣʵʮϱڣ޾ؾʵļ϶ʮأʵֻʮ֮һ졣
Ͷ˵Ļȴشһôġ
ʮأֻ֮һ
⣡
״סˣһֱоѾ󵽿ֲͻȻ֪һ磬ʮ
һֱ֪ʮĴ˵ʲôȴ֪Լʮ֮һġ족磬ͨ˵졣
ֵʮ֮пռϱռϱڣԸһ飬ԽǿĴڣԽͨȻϱȴԵʧ˥ʮǰĴ٣ǿռϱڵʧµġ
֮⣬壬УԴҲߣһսһսϯּʧ䡪Ҳһս
Ļĳ壿
ǵģ̬򶼲ͬ壬ʵʮ⾳֮ԱΪ⾳ǾΪʮе磬ͬҲ塣
Ļ侪ˣޱȣԭˣʮ취Ŀģʮ취


1331 Ԫ֮
ǰμӵһԤѡʱɱһͷëԺеһЩƺڡ硯
ν磬ɱë֮ЯľԴΣҲ˶ȡ˺ëֵļ䣬֪ǱĻ
ʱ֣һ֡
ʮ֮һޣڻ塣
ʮǡ塢ʥ塢塣УԪϵΪʥϵΪϵΪ
Ѿãڹȥ֮Уÿ壬йԼĻԻͣҲʢһʱռʮ֮еһȻȴԽԽƣѾ岻ϲʳԭļѾռ죬ˣǱɱ¾ΪūܣӵȨֻ˶ˣʮǰһսǹغս֮ҲìأĹؼʱ̣Ҳ׷׷³ɼһ¶⡣
ƽ˵ʮǰʷĳһսı׳Ϊһս䣬źεľ
ǰһ⣬ڻԪ֪ʮǰ׷ʲô飿Ϊʲôܴ½
˵Ԫ׷սΪħǿ⣬ľǵΪʲôѡܴ½֣˵ֻһ΢½λˡ
Ԫѡܴ½ǻԪ½ߣܴ½Ĺ硣
ʲô
ȻһԪȻ½ߣҳܴ½
Ԫ飬Ҳȫ˰ǰ½һ𣬳ɳٶȿþˣΪ֮󣬺ܿͳΪǿļ֮һ
ܴ½ֻصΪԪƿغ֮£ֱӽǻԪĹ磬ԪһϵǣԪܹϢںϣԼս
ԭл򣬺֮γ֮ǰݻʱԴе壬ۺǡǡƣǺ֮ݻɣԪ𽫺ɷ£սҲ֮С
²⣬Ԫܹһ𣬺ܿħԭ棬ʱշ籩֮еħƮ䵽ܴ½˵Ϊħħ֮ĳֲΪ֪µġ
ˣħĽܷѩʶ
øʮĴ٣ΪӭӴ˴δٿ֮ܵһһмɺϣҲƺڤڤעõġ
עһʱȺ۲鱦Ҳעٻ籩һ١
ͨЩһֱеħɢ˲٣ͬʱҲµʡ
ֵǰһ²ԪѾ˵ܴ½ܣʵǿ£Ϊλ˸ҹƺ׷ĪҲ
ȫ¶֪Ԫӵħ飬Ҳ֪ħļֵڣҲû˸ҶԪȻ˹ԪƺɹˣȷԪǲˣ㲻䣬ҲǸ˲ʹĴۣ볤õĳ˯
ε˵ЩҲڻԪʧźܶ࣬׷ȷʵǵ깥Ԫˣֻһʵ׷ȻԪȻȴԤϵһһսĻֵĲ룬硭ʮ壡
εĻһݣʮ壿ѵռϱû֮ǰҲ򣿡
ֻҵƲ⣬ôҲȻḶʹĴۣ֤ԪϣֵǸ˴۵Ķ
ˡ
һЩء
Ȼ黹кܶϸڲҲܲµˣ⣬ֵԭ򣬾ħ顣
ԪȾܣΪħɱ֮ôԼһǰϵСӵħϢԲܱ¶룡
ңֵʱѹסħ궯ҪȻֻܰħ͸ˣûƿء
Ƿľͬһ칬Ҳûʱָ㣬Ϊһλȥ֮󣬱ξҪͻ䣬ҽһչء
ΪԪĻÿһͻƣ˵Ҫغպܷɾ񣬶ԴˣȻȫԸ
ǣҪǰָ㣬ֻҪ㹻
Ҫѧôѧ䡭ǳѣûоԴѣҲϣ·һΣǷѾ
ǣ
ԥ˵̾һִˣҲٶ˵ʱ䣬Ѹ֮ȥ칬

һ䣬׽칬֮УȻδĲȥ
ѡ±ֻСãϧҲˡ
֮·;Ҫߵ·
ʩ
ھȥ֮ʱһ鲼۵гսס˾£˫ֺʮһţ֪ʩкδ㣿
˼ģѰҵ
ʩȷʵʺңһȥܹõԴޣ֪ʩûȤɽΪɽ׼ҵӣ
ţ
гյĻ΢΢һµһƽҲ౯ľγĬԸ񣬶ţһĹޡ
ҡһ°ɡ
ãɽĴţʱΪʩгպЦʮһǰУʺɽֻоµԣʺϷţɽķ棬㶯ͽͷ
ھ֮Ҳ뿪˺칬
Ϧϣϳ߳ӰӣʱһһӰޱɪ͹¶
ܾ룬һƥԭĶǣһ·
¶˺սȫ
ô
һϵˣʦӵеĴкԴκһ˲
ˣҵʵԶȥƴĻ
ϵ̾һ̤·һֻȥȴ壬Ǽֱ࣬ɱЩ壬ǿٱҪҪʵҲҪ㻹ǲıԼľ𣿡
ǣ
ðɡȻˣҲˣΪʦµΨһӣҲ룬ҵĴϾΪ֮


1332 Ů
θʱžۣ⼸ʱ䣬Ϲŷסں칬֮ۡǰÿ˵ã齢ۣڸۡϿգƱա
ʣǶݷġ
ڸۡԺǧꡢһϾҪ뿪һߣֲ֪ǶãȻᵢʱЩƽӦꡣ
ȻЩҲףδ䣬ԳɾǵҲġ
ҲҪϹŷĸ߲㣬ˡ
ڼ䣬ǮׯׯԵãֱʯծ񣬶ҽѺǮׯȫ
ҲΨһһĵߣϾǮׯ˴ǧ絤ʡ๦򣬼Ǯׯׯһ棬Ǹл
ʵҲȱǮʮ֣ȥǧ絤ʲôˡ
ʱܿ͹ȥһգǱˣǰ칬һǰ칬

ȻЩ꣬Ҳٶ츣أǳ칬Ǳǰľˡ
ããƺ֮䣬ƯɽЩɽ֮ϣ滨䣬ȪӿƥһƼ䡣
Ʈ칬λЩɽ֮Уͬ¥һ㣬á
칬֮У̤ͬһ磬ֲĵر
ϪˮеȪǷˮȪ¶һξ÷꣬һһ귲Ұݣɾõϡ
칬濴ʵڲĴСһǧ磡
ÿһ칬ĵӣӵһ鷽ԲǧĶ磬൱ڷ˹һʡ״ӣ칬ϣӵ
Щ磬ǻŽأֲأԪ˿ƶ䣬ձö֮ЩеˮȪ
ÿһ磬һĹ칬ӵĸۡ
Щۡʽ񣬶ݵӵϲⲼãϲݻģйɣȷ˻ʹҪʮٱ¥ɽ԰֮䡣
ϲȻ򵥵ģֻǼдݣ˱ǣޡ
칬һͬ˼һĵطȻֻмٵӣÿһ˽ܣλĵӣҲܱˣӦģ칬ĵӣÿһӵеԴҲզ࣬ǵԴǽʥŵļʮϰٱ
ǺǣʦܣΨһһ칬ء
ʦΪ¶꣬Ľط˫̣ͦͬһֻ͸˵ˮҡ
칬Ů಻ΪȻ˵ӡֻˣǻз̵ӡϵŮЩŮǧˡڼ칬֮УһЩɲݡ񣬶ܻûΣһŮӾ͸ˡ
νһˮһˣһЩ֮أʤŮֺο칬˼ɾأŮӣÿԪȪ黨ݣö֮ȻûκʣƤۣˣټ츳ҲãֹǶһɳʣŮһ㡣
һŮûӳ룬һ˽ʱ˺ܶŮĿ⡣
߹һɳʱƯĺɫСһԾˮ棬ڿбŮǿֻʮ꣬ȫһ»ˮɴɴ֮£¶ŻԲ޳ֱֱĴȣΪɴǰһԵƤɵҲ֡
Ƕ壬ô󣬴ûӣƽʱ칬ִţϷʱΨһɴ𣬻߱ǵƤͬƿޡ
ǵͬˮһ㣬֪Ǵ˿ҪԿġ
ŮĿ۾Ӥһ㣬һգգ
⵹ǸŪβѣһ˫۾֪
û뵽ֱӰ¶ʦ㣬ѡһסĳ档
ѽ졢Ҫѽ
¶Цã칬иһЩҪ֪칬ҲвҵģҲҵ࣬һҪӪĲƸԴֻɽա˱¶ż칬£ȻŮֽŮ֮¶
ŮɵźĴ۾һЦţСӿʲôϡ˷ܼˡ
˵һӣȷʵ̫ϡˡ
˵ʲôã
¶֪˵ʲôˣϽŮߣȻŮ˿ñǳԿˣе񻹶Цҽҽ죬ǵļҾƬˮŶпն
˵ЩŮű¶Ż»صˮУǵƤ峺ȪˮԾţĴβһˮ飬Щˮϣƺڸˣ
⡭ʵǲ˼ЩƽʱˣҲûӡ
¶˵ţΣӣ˵˼ңðĴӵסأͻ˼ˡ
ķӦ¶ǾЩ棬һЦ˵ʵǿܻأͲ֪⣬ҸղҲ˵꣬칬ûˣǰйҲȥݷһʦ𡢳ʲôľͻ뿪ûĸס칬ڹ
Ҳ츳ڵҪʦΪʦ츳ٺõ꣬ʦҲΪӣʦеɼʦ㣬ǲһأ
¶ЩĽ˵ܱ˶Դһ컯
ʵܿδٵ֮һǹϵҪһԱȻرԴһҪ󣬾ܵɳʵ
ʮĴ٣Լ˵칬ڶŮĴ⣬ʵ΢С¡
μȻĬ칬Ҳû칬֮ǰ칬ӷκô䲻˵Ĭ칬ӳ㺣Ҳٲ̫Դķ
뵽ЩЩ޴ˣ˵ʵһӣŮŮˣ񣬶һޱȣʵںܿ
¶ʦ㣬˵칬ӼˣҪ񣬲֪Ƿд£ͻȻʵʵһ涨ʵЩϿˣ˵ǶŮӵĴݲУҲԲʲôԻĹ涨
һֱףΪʲôĹ涨칬һЩŮӶûмһ£һкֻ˵磬һֱ϶ûŮˣǺεȱ顣


1333 ľ
ιӲü˵Ĺ棬ʵѾˡ
棬¶ɫȻƺΪ⣬ʦ𣬳ιιϰҲŮΪʱй涨ĵӲóޣڵŮӷ˽飬ء
ʦڻιݻ£ͬʱԴΪη򣬳ɾԻιԭΪ齨칬
ĵӲü˵Ĺ涨ҲһֱΪϰη򣬱Ԫ֮Чãͬʱ칬ӶٵӵһЩԴӽϣЩԴͻԪһʧһ֣ΪԲд˹涨
ڵִҪˣҲǲԣҪ뿪칬
ԭͷ๦ȷʵҪŮԪԪ֮ѧ磬һЩӡŮӣΪ׷ѰŮ֮µҲʼ
˵ŮüˣԣƵҲ٣ɽеӣýŮɫҪ֮ͯ
ǰеĹУ˼ŮӣǷ׷׺ĿΡ
ʱһ϶ȻǼǰɺͳ
ЩŮһȻʮ־¡
תͷȥֻһֳֹȵĸݣȽȫȻȻ¶һɲŭƣʱƺ֡
֮ǰΧŮǼæղƤЦı飬һ
ᣬĺʱ򣬲ҪΪһЩҪģظԵأչһ꣡
һ˵ЩŮǶʱ˪ӣʮŮĻأڱչصгñչأʵį

Ա¶æԪԷʦ̫ιĴѾǰ벽Ϊ칬̫ϳϡ
¶Ψͻ˴ˣһʱ֪˵ݡ
ĻιĴѾһǧˣԪҲûʣ¶ˣ˵ͻ𣬶˵Ȼǲܵ顣
һߵ˳ĺ֮꣬ͻƲͻƣԪҲʣ޶࣬ԸΪŹ֣ϲŭ޳
ˣȻȥǵһ˵ʦ̫
ţɣ¶°ɡ
˵꣬һӣһ̣͸һռ֮С
ռ䲻ռأһƬߣм
Էʦ̫عͷһ˫ǵ۾ƵĶƺûоԴ
ǡͷ
Էʦ̫΢΢üûоԴȴҪѧ䣿
עѧ䣬ȴҪ칬⶯δصӣ칬Ůˡ
ȡ칬ŮӵԪԼΪкôԷʦ̫ʮַУ޲üһɱһ
Ȼһ淢£Ҳ֣ܶΪŵˣʵԷʦ̫ԼûҪֺûԪˣҲͻƾ磬ˡ
ܵԷʦ̫Ŀ⣬΢΢üѧϰ䲻ǿԴǿħܲѧɣ軳ɡ
ѧϰ֮Ѿǰ׼ġ뱻̫ѣֱӰ
ߣ㲻ѹңҲ֪ΪʲôӦҪ׼Ͻӽ칬ȻӦˣҲ޻˵ӽƬҿԽĵһ򽻸㣬⣬칬Ů죬˴У֮⣬ط㲻ҴҪȥ󣬿Ը֪ңһõӽҪ鼮͵⣬֪칬Ĺأǧǰ칬ǻιʱһеŮ֮䷢ʲô˽飬ʦţ߷ȥΪǷϵ³ֻһ˸ڣЩ涨Ѿ࣬Ҳ칬ӣҲ⴦㣬ǣϣΪ֮
Էʦ̫һУ˾֮⣬ֱüȻʲôĹķŸɮŮ֮·棬ֿܱƣŮƵ칬Ҳһ
Էʦ̫칬ֻҪȫݣұȥɡ
ô˵Ҳ⼸켸ľ
һҪǾǻܴ½һħӡ
ʱһչأҲָ칬Ҳ岻
ӵħһֱ칬У˵ᱻ˭˿ðա
Ϊԭȫƪ֮󣬾뿪칬ǰħӡ
ţԷʦ̫ЩĿûоԴҪΪôɵģ䣬ϼѡ
Էʦ̫һλɣЩˣֻҪ򣬼֮Ȼ뿪
Ա㣡Էʦ̫Цһ֮һ˸һʱ
Էʦ̫˵꣬㾶ȥûʳԣ֮󣬹Ȼ״
ȫ׵һ飬ϻ֮У·һʱգһ㷨ķģ֮ת
򣬵дЩ򣬶ƳɣԷļӳ֣ǿ߶ƻǻľ
Ҫ뿪칬ǰܴ½ˣ
šͷԪµĽ磬Ըϵ߽ܴ½ô룬ҲڣʵǽħӵʱڽȥӦùˣǻԪĴУħܣҶԶǷ


1334 ղ
֮УоԼľ֮һ΢ʹУָоΪ̺̫ǿ¡
ɣ˵η򣬵Ķ򣬾Ƕ꼫õĶеһ̼ĳɳڶȥԾ־мĺô
зֳ֡
һ󲿷־ǻ
ЩӹαװٵС
һΪ̥Ǿݻߣ֮ϲ
ʵϣѾǻˣҪֱ仯ɣȻûսȴʮʵá
οռ䡢λԲʥȵȱʩչĶжϸأ˵칬󲿷ֶеĻܡ
ⷽ棬Էʦ̫Ҳûжʲôֽţû˿Ĳ֣⵹Էʦ̫жãΪһʱѧʲô
򣬰漰ĸַӡǸޱȣûһ⣬Ҫѣһ߶йĿҲûá
ͺñһΧ֣׾ٵļԼ֣ÿһӵλáȺ̡ǸһΧˣһ飬ܼ
򣬻ǸӣһʱȻļעкܶģĵط
ܸл⽫ԼȫĴĶһСĶ顣
Ḷ́ʮֿȴȫܿ뷨֮Уۿ޹Ŀ̶̿ȣг˿ѷɫһ߱رƷԣҪ͵סįʮıչأ˸ܲס
ʱ˼ʱⲽʱڿп̻ηһ
ԭοռ䣬ʾΧһ磬УԾԴٿء
ϵԼ֮ӡ֮У֮ǰοռյξһ˿˿ɢĲٿ£ֳ״̬
ΪħĴڣ׶ϤЩתĹ켣ñ칬κһӶҪ
ħ澫еġɵܴ߶ħɱУܱ˲꣬ıֻһҲ֮ǳ
֪֮䣬һ޵ĽΧ˳õڤ˼֮УȴһУ׽ηĺ
ͬһĺ棬̰һС
ʱ䲻֪ţ£ȴʱʱһʵ̫ˡ
һʱѵ
ڤͻȻһŮ˵ЩԵЩҰ
˫ۣǰһ⻺ۣһ۵ӰݵԵø롣
ȻԷʦ̫ˡ
ôԷʦϵǷһȣΪܿ
һûоԴûʦָ㣬£Ҫѧ䣬ǳˡ˵ѧᣬסݣܣΪĶʵ̫ӣôܼסЩӵķӡǣ
ҡҡͷʵûꡣ
һʱ䣬ɨһ򣬵ԾеķڿĹУݣһʱ䣬ȻͲˡ
ٺ١Էʦ̫Цһһϵô˵ı顣
Էʦ̫Ϊ칬ͼ죬ҪƭŮģϾ칬ŮӣһʮֳڣȡǵԪкôôܻѡѧһŸͲʺη
벻ͨôӦСӵҪ󣬲ȻδӦˣҲܷԣϾβ칬ˡ
ãٸһʱ䣬һ죬칬Ϊޣǰ飬иƷһǹ±Ҳһֱš
һ㣬Էʦ̫ǹκһɵ࣬䴫мΪ󣬷ָÿӵѧϰʱ޵úܡ
ѾԷʦ̫̬ˣ˵Ҳżһʱ䣬಻ĵط󹬵Ĳһá
֮ǰԷʦ̫˵ȥ飬͹ֻԼ֪뿴ʲôȻȥŷ㡣
Էʦ̫üͷһ壬ܾͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ȥ󣬿԰


1335 ƻ
칬Ĳλ칬ڲһ磬޴ϣԹдˡ֣֮ϣ̺һµϡ
֮󣬾͸оһ޵ʶԼ䣬ĸ֪ԽԽ񣬺ѷʶ
֪ڰпԼ
ȥᣬڲ󻺲ߣȥһ֮ϣȫЩһ飬ܼӴϢݣв칬طҲʷǧķ飬ȵȶϢ
ķŪţĳһʱ̣ͻȻŲһ١
ţ
Ȼ֣ʱһεĽ絲סԼڱεοռ䣬вͬ
еĽ磬ȱεοռǿ֪ٱǲйԣΨһã谭ǰˡ
ԭˣֹŹ֣
֮ǰԷʦ̫Цݣȴˣôýģƽ磬ܽ뵽
ãϡ棬һŶˣĴв㴫ڣΪԽߵĵӣȨ޾Խ
磬˵ʲôֻҪͨη򣬾ͿжЩҵͨ衣
һΧͬˮһֿ̤С
ȥˣ
һֱй۲Էʦ̫⣬Ҫ̤֮УηһӲĻ̾ͻܵĹΪ϶ѸʵǿӲ󣬽ᱻе󷨻ͷɨ
ôҲû뵽תηɵľͽ˲
һʱ䣬ѧûʦ̣ûоԴȻŪηһЩ
Էʦ̫о˼飬ŵ̶ֳô
һߣһ߷ʱʱͣһ
ţƻ
ȻһϣһΪƻطһطһ׶ܹ֮ʧȥ꣬һ塣
ʧȥ˵µ壬δʺԼΪĲϣǿĥϣ۶Ƕ˵һˣԶ᲻ʩչ
طǸܹöĸý͡
ǹŴطȻ߱κЧûбУʵƷߣʧȥ˵޼֮
ȻҪʶħĽܷѩ
жҲӦһʵƻѩ̿ˡ
Ľ
ţ֪׹һҪܴ½Ӧħ֮£Ҳһɡ
Ľܷѩýħ׺ܶࡣ
ħ⵱ΪߣӦĻҲ䡢ΪΪħһ岢ѡ
ƻȻƷܸߣǲӣͣʮʱ䣬ѾһطѧĲˡ
ڲ󲻶ϵĶߵҲԽԽ
һ֮˲вν磬Χǿ󣬵η⣬Ӧѡ
һĻԷʦ̫УӳԾôҲ벻ͨôηѧ̶ֳȵġ
ˣСӣȻܽв
ΧԷʦ̫ǿ츳ˣԾ˵Լû뵽ڽΧ֮ôɵĽ˲вԣҲߵ˵㣬ѧη̶ֳܵȣѵŲеԣ
һ¡¡£ĸ¡
ӲΧвٵڲԽԽڲĶǶ֪ʶķḻͻۣͬʱʱ޿̲ڶԿеν磬ҲǶ

һ̤ĵ磬ǲڲˣҲܸеСѹֻҪһʱĵӦ硣
Ϊ˱̫ۣװЩ֧ӣͷ΢΢Ϣء
ǼԵòڰй۲Էʦ̫ǽܲˡ
һʼԷʦ̫ǾȣֱľˡֻǿһУᵽ츳ϡ
Էʦ̫ϲҲò츳ҲֻСħһȡ
ڲдһʮ죬ٴĶһ죬ܹ칬һʱ䣬뿪칬׼½֮С
ڣΪͻƲżʮҲ٣ҪǸĹ̺ͶԷ
ЩպһƬƽ̹ͨ衣
Էʦ̫ˣлԷʦ̫һչˡ
κڱչأֻԷʦ̫ǡ
Էʦ̫һȻĳ鴤˼£ɫܲáһѾ֪˵ʲôˣ֮ǰΪ칬ͼ죬ڲ֪Ȼܹѧϰη츳ⷶ룬޷ݡ
ʵԷʦ̫Ҳ᲻ܣٷḻҲ뵽ħ棬ħһգֻǲ²⣬ǲʲôܹԵı̫ˡ
ҧҧԷʦ̫ժһöָ˵ġ
һֱӽ˹⽻ģҲûпıҪҲллǰҲллǡ
˵ţһ磬ֱɶȥ
Էʦ̫Щ񣬵˺þãų˵ڵˣԽԽˣֱħԣҡ޷󡭡


1336 Ԫ
뿪칬֮뵽Էʦ̫Լֽ֮УֻһƣУӡһ˿Ϣ̽һȷʵһŻ
츳ߣδɾͲֻڻδɳԼһ˿ϢƳ˻ֻҲֻʹһΡ
һԤ⣬㹻ˣʱҪԼȥеķգŵĳɳˣԼɱһͨ۷Ѫ·ڳ
𣬶Ҳ㲻ˡøжԼ׷ǹʣ̶ֳȣҲ御Ȼ֪ԼˣҲΪٵԭ
ڣܴ½֮ǰҪΪħһһڵ˵ѣħⱾħޣһֻʺһħޣƻɡ
Ľħ࣬ʵǿ
Ľܷѩ
Ҫ˵ħޣħʼ磬ҲħʼڵĴ磬һ磬ħ࣬ħħȵȣħʼ඼࣬ħʼˣҲһЩħѪͳġ
ħʼ磬ǲҲڤڵĽ磿һڤӽڤʥħʼ硣
ħʼĴĽܷѩԵĮԸڤȴҲһֱǺ֮ǣ޷ƽ
šħʼ硭Щ꣬Ҳڤʥصϣڤʥأ֮ࡣ
࣬ʵķٶȣټߵƳ˿Լʽ̫ˡ
Щ˵УʲõģͱɳȥڤʥصЩҵֻʳڵģڤʥء
һĴʥأһӴ󲻿
ȥħʼ磬Ϊħһʵ
ڣҲԼ齢ֻҪȼʯͿԽŲƣǰħʼ磬ҲֻǼµʱ䡣
һҲ⼸£ÿ칬һĸ
˿ڤ״̬ӡǣת
ȫͶʱоʱţһת۾¹ȥˣһգͻȻУȻ˫ۣƺ巢ĳһ㡣
ôˣ
Ľܷѩͨʵ
ĽҸоԼôʱʹħηƺҵħһرϵҺܹ߶ħһˣֻһ㡭
ڴ֮ǰܴ߶ħҲֻĽܷѩĽܷѩֻʣ֮壬߶һħ̫̫ٶ˯صĻȼ
ܴ߶ħ
Ľܷѩһϲڣܸܵħһʥô߶ħԽԽֶεսʱɱޱȿ£ʱǽǿߣҲֱܱӼħ꣡
ҪħɱУ̫ܣȴħҵһЩתĸı䡣
ȻһΪһͷʱƣƱػῪħԽԽĹЧ
Ľܷѩ̸ʱ齢Ȼһ𣬽һƬ֮Уħʼ硣
Ϊǧмĵһ֮һħʼӵб绹Ҫʮ½½ǰһҲɰһС΢
½֮ϣšҲһħʼ칬ڴˣƸƣ̲
ħʼ磬ǿļ֮һɽڵķ硣
Ȼôඦʢţû̫ϵĿֻħʼ֡
ħʼ֣ħҪץһͷȮħޣҪħıǿʸãҲ㻹ħĶ飬ħ⣬ϹŴǿȥʥħ½ʮͨԼūӡܻʹ䡣
ҪħʼѰһͷʼã䲻ָ涼ʺħħޣҲôס
һ죬ûʲôջֻмͷԴһģûѡ
ʱѰȮħޣʱоԶĴһЩԪЩԪޣ࣬ħʼ֣һЩѧϰս죬նɱޣȡϵĲ¸
ҲΣΪڵһֶԷ
һߡˣһ˸ˣߣ˴Դɭ֣кĴǵϢ̸Ҷܸоĺ
һʱ䣬ηηߣԪ۶Ҳ֮⣬ڸ֪ҲԽԽڣʱգܽԪϵϵĸ߶ȣôʵӭһʱ䡣
Ȼ϶ף֮ǰ˵ʮһ塢ࡢʥ塢壬ʺľǾԪϵˣء
ɫĽԼʮֱҪħʼʲôӴ֦
ʦ֣ǶһˣûҵԪټҿʵùħʼôһΰƴСĻԪڴ롣
ԹˣҵĿȻ󣬲Ҳ࣬ڤʥһɳ˰ӣ鲼ħʼֵĸϸѰһ˭ҵ˿Ǵһʹͼֱò֪Ԫ̺һ˿֮Դкô֪ĵõⶫ˭ãҲǸ޾ʦõġ
˵ʦ֮Ľֻһŵӣ޾ر
ҿδأҲô˵Ҳ֣ǧʦһֱ޸ĵرоųҩΪʲôѵʦҪ˫ޣ
ŵӿеʮ㣬ʮа˾ڤʥصƿߡڤӡһݣڤʥصˣԩ·խ
ԪѵǴ˵У̺γ֮ԪôǵõһţʱŶݼ뿪ֱƵǵľ硣
֣ղǸ˵ĵ˵ˣڤһֱѰҩѲɣڤҲҪת˫ޣ
ڤˣĽܷѩȻʹޣȴҲòһߵۣĺ츳гǸ˼ɵĽܷѩүүΪǵ֮һڤӺ
ڤӦòܷ˫ޡĽܷѩһڷ񶨣˫ޱҪ磬֮ٷ˫޸ϼѣôǴ̤֮·Ϳʼ˫ޣߵҲأڤӲֳֺõ顣
Ϊ˭ѰҩܲΪ޾ɣ
ܡĽܷѩ񶨣ҶڤӼΪ˽⣬УֻԼҪǧ˵һָϺܴ飬һΪԼ
Ļüû뵽һħʼ֣Ȼڤʥصˣһõ˻ԪϢԼϣܴ


1337 쵤
ڤʥһֱѰҩ֣μһʱ֮٣Ҳʯһˡ
ʯ군ǶҪõĶǹƾ޷ĸı䣬Ңһսˡ
棬Ͷȡ
˵ȴ⣬Ҫʮ⾳ޣڱС
ţһڼڤʥصǰȼϢǵüͷһ壬ɢޣǲУһȫûħ޳ˡ
һӽӹ˵ɢӣħʼֶ˵̫Σˣû취ôħʼ֣⿿ҲѲòһЩɢްæ͵ڻʹˡ
Щ˵䣬һԭĸЩˣû뵽ǻӶɢްѰңһȴԹĻȥˡ
ת칬ѧòʼ仯ıø͸ӸݣԭòҲͨΪΣڵΪʲô˵ע⡣
ӭЩ˹ȥ
վסʲôˣ
Ϊ׵ڤʥصĵӣһݵĹͷֱ꣬ӳݻӢֻͷϿһ̣ԵЩ
ɨһЩӵţڤʥصͳһΣȭһЦԭڤʥصĵӣһɢޣڤʥڹӶɢѰһ֪д£
Ϊ׵ĹͷһΪΪ磬ΪҲǺʵӣ׼ɢޡ
ͷĿһ˿֮ɫֽóһƣһƣÿȡ񣬸ŶѰƻ¼һг̣ڤʥصķֲȥֻ꣬Ԫ֮ƾͻԶѣݳϢʱǴһͣҪˣУԪ飬ץסġ
ͷ˵ɢޣ̫⣬Щ˽ħʼ֣ĸʺܴ˵˾ڻҡ
úңŬĻɽڤʥأһ۵Ҳпܵġ
ͷ׳һ档
ɢ˵ջ󣬹ͷŹƾһ㣬ͻἤޱˡ
۵ӣ
ӣ۵˵˾ź˵ˣְλֲʲôԴڤʥص۵ʲôãǱʹѡ
ʱĽܷѩ˵ħʼǿƣΪħӶ࣬ʮֻңǿ߶ôȥҰ⣬ɱԽ̫֮ձˣɢ޺Сų߱ףиǼѣֲӵǼУܼڤʥض˵һֵص飬ٰȫǣңڤʥЩߴУ˵ҲޱȣǺܶˣûĴС
пײߵ࣬ǧľҲܿһˡ
ǣϲڴı飬Թͷ˵ʦֶЯ
ȱ֣ͷ⣬һֵţɣãȴ㡣

ħʼѰһԪʱڤʥһյǧ֮С
һݲ԰׵һѪɫʯ̨֮ϣһͷڳò㣬ʮӡ
ʯ̨һƬɫĺ֮УŭĴʯ̨ڣɺˮΣͬѪҺһ㡣
ޱ޼ʵѪ֮Уι״
Щеı˫ᣬеĳǣеȫ׿ǣ׿ϲصĻơ
Ǿ˵еĶħ
޾Ķħޱ޼ʵѪ֮ȳ棬κ˿оͷƤ顣
ʯ̨֮ϣһһʯ
ĳһʱ̣ڳǰͻȻһγһ˵Ӱ
ˣȫںڶ֮УòȫɢŹϢࡣ
ڤӣѾôˣƵľ쵤㻹ûƳɣ
˵飬ͬһӲ
˫ۣ¶Ѫһʺ˫ͫͫ㣬ͫʷ˵У֮ͫˣһʱķҲӢۣҲۡ
쵤ڤ΢΢һȣڤһ꣬ƻʮ֡
ʮǰܹͻƵǵľ쵤ôƵģóŷܶҲҲˣʱ̫̣ѾΪ׼ŵĻԪˡ
ڤǫͣ崺硣
쵤ʮǰͻƵǵҩѹ֮£˾쵤ҲͻƵǡ
Ժ˵⣬ΪͲࡣ
Ҫ쵤ҲΪͻƵǡ
ԪһָʵΪͨ̾ϢǽΪҪ쵤ҩָܻڤӣ㲻Ҫˣ˭һУǰȥȡħѾʧˣһΣҲϣκ⡣
ħʧܡҵԭ򣬵ʱѾ˵ʱ죬ִҪ֣ǵĸ޷ͨ̾Ϣǽֻһҵʱκһ
ڤӳĮ
ߣʱħĴڣѾһЩ˲ˣܷһʼûħļֵϢܣܻ©ȥħУǾ͸ܶȡˣǰ֣ҲǱƲѣ
Ѿȥ꣬Ҳû壬ڵ֮ƺþ쵤Ҿظʵ֣ɱˣʥѾˣʥϰСħɡˣˣϧһдۣҲҪɱҲνӵ
ڤЦһͻȻתͷɺ۾ǰĺˣΡСħˣһ칬һħʼ칬ɱ죬ôնɱѾļޡ
Ҳǲ˰ѰԪͬʱҲѰ䣬ֻϧһǰ칬칬Բ֮ڣҶפؼӣڸ鲻Ϣһ֪û뿪칬
齢칬֮󣬾ֱչմŲƣڤӵ˻Զڰ֮⣬׷٣칬Ǿ԰ȫġ
ڤôҲ뵽ʵħʼ֮УڤʥصĵһѰԪ
ʱħʼ֮УɫͬڤʥصˣصӪ֮Уһûʲô
ҹȻӰߵҰħʼֻøΣգڤʥصĵҲ䣬ֻܻ


1338 ͵
ûҵҲ֮УԪ飬Ҫҵô׵ģҪڤʥس˰ӣټɢޣҵԪǳ£һ£ûôɡ
Ϊ׵Ĺͷ˼˵ڳܶˣȴ֪˵һʲô
ˣȥɡ
ͷһ֣һЩڤʥصŵӣɢ޶ȥϢһ£վסʲô֣
ͷһָ
ʦֵĻ¸նľΪľȺ
ھͰʥħ½ľȺָȥˡ
ľȺţֵòȻ㹦ֲڣҲʵɢǲˣ죬͸ǵĶɣ
ѰһԪĹУȻٲһЩħ޹ԭͷ㽫ڻңû뵽ȻƾԼı»ˣһɱ˼ͷʵħޣùͷЩ⣬⼸ɵɢУʵõġ
ǹͷҲȥͷԼСӣؼʱ̣ҲܰæʵΣգƳȥƣܵıԼСӵʵ
úøɣν֮һŸһ۵ӵλá
ͷ˵ļһ׳
ϲı飬ֵллʦʶһ
˵ͷЦ⣬ȴЩɢ޾ǺúŪƽʱϣһһôǸΪڤʥصӣܻ˵ɣ
ȥϢͷͼĵۼӪصС
⼸ˣڤӵļӣȻֻǼӣƽʱڤӶѣ˵ָ㣬ͨ˵ǵĵλȴߵˣ
ڤʥأڤӾǾԵߣͺñڷ˹ȣһȨĻʵۣǸ˸ӴŵһݣҲǻ׹ݣ˭Ҳҵ
˾ۼ֮󣬴ֽȡһ̣һö󣬷ս硣
̲µսԸ˵Ŀ̽ȫԷǳߣߵĸ֪ͻƣҾͻƣҲᱨڤʥصҪµıرƷ
ս˸еڤʥصȴû뵽ǲµĽ֮Уһ޵֮Ϣ͸˵̸鶼۲һ
ηǿޱȵ˵ĸ֪ռ䶼޷ϣϢͻս磬ѡ
⼸ҲڤʥеĺĲˣ˽ⲻٹڻԪ飬֪ڤѼҩԭ
Ԫңڽſ֮һӱԹ
ģԪöԸҵҲڶӣסЩɢ޿ڻңܵõԪǴһԵõʹͣôһܣѧϰڤʥĻᡣ
䣬Щ˷Ȼڤʥصȱ˲٣Щ˵ѪڵĴС
֪ʦͼıʲôƵƵѰҩһѰ䡭һĵڶ˵ǵڶʵһıҲǲ֮䣬˵ڵῡܵһ˵ĳƺţʦָһȣȫûпɱԡ
ѰһԪļƻʱһͻȻһתϡ
һݣţѰң
ŲΪڤԼΪ˸ȺȲ裬ܼܲڤʥء
뵽ľǣڤӿܲԼĽܷѩĹϵĻܲµħԼϣ
ԼΣ֮һħϢй¶ȥȫ¶ûԼ֮أ
һԼԺѸ˼Լ¶ŵĵطĽڤӻ᲻ӡԵ䡷Ͽߣ
ڵһֳʩչԵ֮ˣԵ䡷ܷʥصĴС
ᡣ
ĽܷѩҡҡͷԵ䡷ǱܷʥصĴУܷʥأ֮ûԵ䡷ڤҲһ֪Ե䡷֮Ǻε龰ҡԵ䡷ΪʮǰĹ幦ҲΨһģδؾܷʥУƾһ㣬޷϶
ͷ񣬼ȥ
˵ʦǲǿܲϵĳЩܣһͻȻʵͷüͷһ壬ҪҲ²⣡ʦͼҲҲδҪԸǰʦ˼հˣ⣬±ԱܣݺУֻҪúĵҾˣЩɢ޾͸¶©˷
֪
ãɣѰһԪ
һ˵꣬˳˼
嵤ҩѰԼ䣬ڤӵͼıʲô
ڤӲصúܷʥô꣬Ҵδ͸츳ʵΪֹһգзǳҰģƣȻ֪ʲôǧܱҵ
֪ӵԿʵ֮ǰȻڤӽӴ͵ڰԼƿء
ˣԪҲˣǿʩչͿƾħʩչҲܴﵽ̶ֳȣοڤӶס
ţʼڤ˼ʱ޿̲һűҪ߱ŵ㡣
һҹ޻ڶ峿͸ħʼֵ䵽ּ䣬ڤʥصĵӣֿʼһ
ŹͷĶ飬ڴ֮䣬͵Ϯвı֣ùͷԽԽ⣬ʵһɢǿ̫ˡ
˲ħʼ֣ʱŨǰؿʼŢͬһ㡣
󡭡ͷ΢΢üľ飬ħʼֵλǱܶó͵Ϯޣͺ谭ֵ֪طǳܵ͵ϮҪ̽·ˣһΣճ֣˿Ѹ߳Ӧ
ͷ꿴˵̽·ľȺǰ棬ʱ֮ط滻㡣
ͷ˵طһͷ꣬Ϊ񺣺ڶ塣
ͷĻɫһǰ̽·Σյλá
ͷʲôں棬ѵԿɣһ滻ˡ
⡭ðɣλʦ֣һҪӦ㣬ĳΣգҿɳŲסġЩ˵
ġͷڴӦǷһȣȻᾡȫΪãʵΣգȻֻܷˡ
˶ǰ棬ĸ֪̽⵽ΧɷΧڵκη紵ݶ󶼲赲
ֻǽʮȣ㷢֣֮һͷǿľǱ֮УĶˡ


1339 
ƾϢ൱ǿߡ
һܸ֪ͷĴʵʵԼ˵ȻֵһᣬǶ⼸ڤʥص˵ȴǺһˡ
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ôͱ¶ʵһһ˸޷ӡǻƮϢû֮УǺƾͷ­
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˰Ȼ˹ȥ
һ·ϣΣգηϢЩ޵ľ֮˲ڵûб͵ϮһΡ
ùͷƣСӣôôã
ͷţӵ˵ʦ֣Ѿʱ㿴ǲǡ
ͷüͷһ壬֪Ҫ
Ϊôãû뵽ôʱû͵ϮҲĺʵҲûԼôΣգ
̰ûϢط棬ȥͷߵĴͷ˵
û⡣طԵúš
ȻЩ˶ڤʥصĺĵӣмڤӵļӣʵϣڤӵĵӷΪΣͼģ֮࣬ÿʮ궼и»ħʼҲǺ飬ųɳ뾭Ĵۡ
ͷطļ˵ˣûôΣյĻҲνˡ
á
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ط֪ȥʱֻȻ𣬶طһҧ
𣡡
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Ȼھҷɵһ˲䣬ɫߴӾ´ڳִͬĹǳìһط档
Сģ
ͷ귢УȻˣ
طʱþδ޷ĹЩ֮ǰľǹ״̬Ծעڶ͵Ϯ
͵Ϯʽ˷ʤֶܶҪޣ
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ط治˾ϵΣգǿתһȭҷһȴڶ˺˻ԪκηӦһطأ
Ѫֱ磡

ͷ˳ɱնɱ
ҪˣҲɱǵʵʵǿҲ൱񺣺ʵǿǿǹĹʽ˫͵Ϯȫע͵ϮһϣʵǻǿһޣǺΣ֮
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ڤʥصĵΧطؿһ󶴣౻˺ѣѪˣ׾ƷҩܾȻ
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طʹţ߶ʹ裬ţʮָĲ֮УĲ֮ɫȻΪѪŵĹ죬ȫ˺ѣѷ
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ԹͷȾѪĳɱĬĬĬߵǰ̽·
ͷ˵Щ֮ͲƽȵģֻϲЩڤʥصĵӡ
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ôܡСӣôáͷɫʮѿۿҪƬɫ󣬾ʱͷϵһöȻը飬֮һϢ˹ͷԺ֮С
ͷһҵԪˣ
ʲô
Χӷ׷׿ͷ꣬Ҳһͷ
ǧﴦõĵҵ˻Ԫٸȥ֧Ԯߣ
ͷ˵ţֱɶȥ
һȵľʱ̣
ŹͷСӣЩ˵ĽָҵԪħʼַԱ֪Ҫƾһ֧ҵԪڴ롣
ָڤʥصˣӣǧɢޣѰЧԼ򱶲ֹ
ʮڤʥصĵӷ׷׷ֱ׷ͷȥҲȻȥķš
Щ˻ȥʱѡԭ·أ⵹һľһ·ϵ޶ˣ鷳
ɵƣȻˣҲãá
ͷ걾Ϊղһ£ξ͸ˣû뵽еӸ
ٺ٣СҲû취һħʹֻȥ϶Ϊ޵ʳ
ڤʥصĵӸԽԽ죬Ҫȥȴʼֲӡ


1340 ҿռ
ͷһ·ɣһƬ֮һտ֮أѾнڵȺˡ
ǶڤʥصͳһŷΣΪ׵һ߾ųߣü罣ǣŲһתֳ̣һɫؽȫɢһɵѹȻǾþӸλ¡
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ͷ꿴ˣһݼ
ߵ磬λɭϣͷȻλʮ־η
Ϊĸ⣬ΪܹڤʥسΪʮֲףɼڤʥصĵλ
ģҲζţڤӵĺˡ
ĸ⿴˹ͷһۣڹͷһһɨͣɨ˹ȥ
ɢޣǱȥ
ĸһӶ˺ȵǰǰɢѾмʮˡ
ۼôɢޣ
ͷԭǾãû뵽СҲ˴ɢޣЩ˵ʵȻԶЩȥ׽ʲôãڻҶ
ãߡ
ĸ˵ֽ֮ȡɫķ׭УһĻˣɫ׭ڿвϵתγһɫʱ֮š
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ĸһֱ֣ӷʱ֮С
⡭
Ƥһɫ׭Ҳ̫ǿӣȻô˿ռ䣬γ˿ռͨ
Ҫ֪һŲƶҪĴһȶʱͨάϵҪķѺ
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תͷȥ˵вɫòΪڣϡƽ׼ɢޡ
ߣһµŮӣɣƤʮˮۡ
ǡҡͷղŷħʼĳʶԼľ㵱¶ħʼԭһ㣬ȻˣҲ
Ȼҡҡͷ֪ôħʼģط治ģޱȣɢ޸ûܶСţҲ㣬һҹǳе顣
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֮ǰգֻħʼֵΧδ档
ͷʱѾ˿ռͨڿռ֮ͨУһжŤˣǰ˲ӹľ󣬺ƹãֺһ˲䣬ǰȻ
ʱѾͨ˿ռͨһԭʼ֮У⴦ԭʼ֣֮ǰһƬһģһԷֱ棬̫ħʼ֣п·
Ƭ֣һ֧˵ĶڵȺ֧֮Уǿߡ
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ĸⱧȭ˵ǰȻǿߣĸͬΪҲܿ˵ǱԶĸ⣬ֻһǿ߰ˡ
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ٵȵôڵֻ˵㣬ǸץסԪֵ
ˣԪǸϤħʼ֣ȵͲ֪ܵȥˡ
ħʼ޷ʩչŲƣʥǿﶼҪʵʵķɣټħʼֹޱȣҪڷֻԪĶʱڻеʵ
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˵Ķ飬һӵһֳһ׭ϵľλãһ·ϣηҪϵ֮ǰҵԪѶϢͬŵӣȻȴòκλӦ
ϵˣЩӣܶˡ
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ֲס壬ǵ֮УʳѪ⣬ֻƬ̣ܽһ˸ɡ
ˡ
ֳַ׭ͣһƬֵϿգƬ֣ûʲôرġ
Сĵ㣬Ԫľϵֲһڴ֮Уѱ֣ʱǷ͵Ϯ
ߴͷ´֣ǿֵһ˲䣬Ƭеľ·˹еߣҪȫȥ
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׵ļǿд󾪣СģƬевľȫԪˣ
֮ǰֳַ׭ߴͬʱƬɭ֣ǻһƬɫеľ֦ɣڷ趯ţͬħ
ԣͲǴ֣ľǻԪĸ룬һ֣
ԪƬ֮УؾﻯһƬĺڰ󣬶ĸ룬û˴ֶ֣ΣҲһԭӡеĻԪֻ˲δһ㣬Ϊʱ̫ãѾͨ飬ӱ׷һû뵽ħʼеԪȻ˿ֲ


1341 ɱȡѪ
ݣ
糤ìһֱλ̫͵ڤʥصֱӱԪֻۡһ죬ǸͬһӵţǵȫѪ⾫룬һǶ˾ͳһ߸ʬ

һŨѪһأ֮䶼˺ɵһƬѪ֮УһɲçǻϢ
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󣡡
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ᱲˣѪѪħ󣡡
ĸ˵ţֱҧ⣬һѪѪһ˿ѪлһѪħ
ĸ֮ڤʥصĵҲ׷ҧ⣬³ѪÿһѪһɫħ
Ѫħıʾòߵһ˿ѪѪħ󷨣ִһɱĻ˲ߵԴƴʽƽʱͲʩչ
ЩڤʥصĵӣһʼЩԥϾ漰ԼıԴѪ˭ҲôüͷһµľӳȥʱҲֻ
ʱĸ󺰵ڤʥصȫɱԪԽߵѪ⣬ʵԽǿһɹǾǴһԪڤʦҪĶṦΰǶŵӣڤʥУĵӣڣѵһֻŵӣһӶʦ棿һӽӴ䣿
ǵĻǲμսˣұ֤ǽõ񵽲ĽֵͣԶԶǸһ˿ѪλͬţȫԸɱⲣ
ĸＤȣ൱ɿ
ԭΪ׳ѪлЩٵڤʥصĸĻѪڣ
ȷʵǵĻڤӵҪҵҩҵεȹͣ
ħʼֵ⣬Ҫչ̺ʽЩŵӣûлڤ
ڤʥصӷ׷ѪЩѪȫתɳɫħԪĸɱ
䣡
Ѫ䣬һЩѪħɢȻҲдգնϣ
ЩѪħǿҵĸʴԣԪ౻ջ٣
ڤʥصĵӳǣײǵ֮ǼȻץԪԼ̡
һվף
ĸһһ³Ѫ
Ȼÿֻ³һ˿ǾѪ䱦ȥ˭Ҳܲס
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ͷڵļڤʥصӱ
Ÿʲôɣ
˵䣬⼸ڤʥصӳɱ磬ۿҪЩɢ޶֡
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ʵʵ̫
üͷһ壬ԼϾѪȻҪɢҲϣ
ڤʥصĵӣֻҪץԪȻͣڳɢأǾո˾Ѫܵõһ
ͷŵɢޣֻҪϾѪȫսģսܱɵڤʥأΪһʽӣڤʥѵģ
ڤʥأȷʵǺܶɢ޵ԸҲ˵ʽӣʵ۵ӣ˵ģź˵ˡ
ȼѪμһ൱սֻǳΪһ۵ӣǵҲ̫ˡ
ܶɢ޲Ը⡣
ͷɫһ䣬ȼվѪԼѡ񣡡
ڻԪ֮УЩɢҪܶܣʱԹͷΪ׵ڤʥصӸ⽫֮ǰų⿪ȫڶɢ޵ķ
һʱ䣬ɢڵλãԽԽǿѪϢ죬ϢҲŨ»ԪĻϢ֮ζδۣɳɽôĻϢһѹ޷
һЩɢޣΪ֧Ųסɫ԰ףе˷ҽУȫǽڱ죬ѣΪɢޣڤʥص岼һȻ޷
ߣƲԳԷƣȡ
ͷЦţʱĸһĥʲôѪɢޣֱɱˣѪã
ĸΪѪħߣȲҪܻԪΪĹҪһʣ
ĸĵλҲлֱΪڤӰ£һһõʹͣպڤʥصĵλҲˮǴߣп˶֮·ߵøԶ
ĻᣬôһȺһɢȣ
ԣɱˣ
ͷһţɱЩɢޣֱȡѪǸ򵥣
ȡȵȣ
һɢۿͷҪ֣Ը⸶Ѫ
ˣɱ㣬򵥣ҪȫѪѪħŻǿ
ͷЦţһɢ޵ţԭʵͺܴ󣬺οЩɢ޻ڵѹڹͷǰ޵ֿ֮

֮ǰĵɢ޷һҽУȫҵĳ鴤ľѪȴͷһɫѪħԪɱȥ
ѪħӹɣֵϹԪĸϵıնϣ
նһͻдѪ
аޱȵֲȻǻѪġ
ಣ
Ԫҵ׳֦ɫ֮Уǧĺ纣Хһ
¡
ٸ֦ͬʱ֣󷨣ħȫУס˻Ԫһй
ڻԪĹ֮£ǿҲܣƴ֧ţһսͿ˭ܳŵ
ˣɱˣЩɢȻʵҪǾѪǿһõģȫȡ³ľѪǿöࡣ
ڤʥصĵӣȻѪ֮ʢȼռξѪˣıȵɱЩɢްȫѪ


1342 ׳н
ڹͷҪնɱɢ޵ʱǽµĺɫͻȻҵķֻһ죬ĺɫཬɢ䣬һ֮ǰи붼ִʮĺɫֱ
ֱһһ㣬ɢޱȿֲϢǻԪı壡
ԪǻۣҲʱѾͷƴˡ
ġ
ԪһһֲȻ̴Ĥ
ס
ħ󷨣
һ֣ͬȫǽڱ죬ⱩǣѪͻȫƤֳһ֮ɫʣóһħط
طȻȼվѪʵԴ𺦸ҪȼձԪʩչһΣ֮ɱһǧ˰٣ƴľУܻɱˣôľͻԼΪóһкǵԪᱻ͸֧
ϣһâ䣬ȫһڰ׶ɫỺչ֮ϣűʹĥǣ̵Ķħ˿һۣ͸еޱѹ֣

ڰ׾ȻԪС
Ԫҵһ·Ҫ˺һ㣬֣ɫ԰ף¡
⣬죡ʩչǿ״̬Ѫħһش
ţʩչħ󷨣ÿһϢʱ䣬ǧǸĲ
֪
ĸһ˫۾ȻڳɢޣĿɱ
ɱˣϣ
ͷЦɢ޾Ѫֲ֮ã
ڤʥأǲúڳܶɢ޷ŭ䣬Ƿ׷׳Ҫƴһ
ƴˣǷֿӣ
Ҳѽ
ûܱ侲ȻЩɢǻһƴҲǽҪˡ
ô졣֮ǰ˵Ůɫ԰ףߣĸҲͷǺ
ʱһսԪǿ󳬳󣬲ˣȥԪܻҲǳ飬ⲻ뿴ġ
ϣһܾ˵Ľ֡
٣Сӣһ·ڸóʱˣʹ㿪ʼȥɣ
һ·Ĺͷ꣬һ֡
УʵȻҲǸɢ޶ѣ˵ֵһᡣ

գͷһն
ЦһѪǹû֣ӭͷĳ
ˣ
ֻһĲͷĵָ׾ٵļסͬһ㣬鶼鲻
ʲô
ͷ꼸Լ۾ָоͺȥһֻϣ˶ֻϸ
ʱֻ˵һ֮л֮Уֻ˫Į
ۣ
ֻһ죬һԪ˹ͷʺ
ʹͷƴסʺѪ˫۵ɵùԲĿǲ˼飬ôֱͦͦĴӿˤȥ
ʦ֣
ô£
﷢䣬ʱڤʥصӵĿ⡣
Ƕ׾ٵĽͷɱЩɢޣҲˡ
ͷ걾񺣺ΪΪڶѣǲܵ顣
ɱʦ֣
ôܣֻһڵߣ
϶Ϊɢޣ
ͷ겻ǵܱ֮ڤӣЩ˿ѾǷǳˣȴһɱֻһͣǾΪòݳġ
һ֣ɱ
ڤʥصĵӷ׷׳
ɫĮһɲçϵϢɢתȻ˺ɿռ䣬Ȼĺɿռ䲻ͬһΣĺɿռ֮гһһռ䣬·λȫδ֪ʱ֮С
ηںϵɿռڶη⣬Թοռ䣬οռͺɿռںϣǽη뵽ɿռУúɿռηԣȴܰ쵽ġ
һʱ䣬ǱںɿռеߣоʵƺԶȥˡ
ֳַѪǹһ̤ǹâʮӣ˲䱻նɱ
ɵĺ£ĸۿһĻһ˫۾ɺ֮ɫ
β׽ԪĸĴûᣬϵ֮ܲ·ߵøԶȴ׳нնɱڤʥصӣƻβŭ
ֳһɫؽһնȥ
ĸ⣬ɫĮһ˲䣬ڵľںϣȫǡ
Ԫ۶
ĸǿߣǶ˵Ҳһ
󷨡ӡ
ʮָɲǼǧӡЩӡӶϣ֮⣬ûܿ
һȣеӡȫĸ⣡
ǣ
ĸĽâӡ֣һ̣Щӡȫ춴ʼĸ
ĸֻоԼѸţɫ䣬ҪжϽâԼϵ齣ٴ̣ȻʱѾһĸǰ
һǹ£
ĸ⾪ûɢȫһĺɭɭâͬʱһֽ䣬ƺҪóʲôķ
ʱǹâĴĸĻϣֻһģռĸĻֻ赲һգ۵ʱͳɢ
ѪǹĶĸš
һ֮£עڷѪǹеޱıĸҽһ飬֣һոմֽȡķƬʹãȴѾնɱ
̫ˣ


1343 ɽۻ
ĸʬôȥһѽסĸеķƬɨһۣöƬҲǼĹƺһƲлֽ꣬ӽֽ䡣
ĸ⶯ֵնɱԷҲֻ˼Ϣʱѣ˸ɾɱһߣֻ˵ʥصͨţ̫Զˡ
ˣʦ־ôˣ
˵˭ߣ
ѵڤʥص޵У
ڤʥصĵѾ̫ǿˣǵгǿ֮ĸ⣬жŲ
ЩлһЩߣôǿǶʧȥ֮
Щɢ˵Ȼϲ⣬ôҲû뵽һɢ֮УһΪʵĸ֣Ϊǻһ
ʱڤʥصֻԪţûѪħ֧֣Щ֧Ųסˡ
ǿ߿ţʱֻһ˺ѵʩչħֱӳˣ
ۣ
Ѫ嵹ɳȥ
֣ʱɫǳѿǺķʹԪƴһҪԪۿҪɹȴ֣һ
С
ðģϷҪʬΣ
߶Ҫɱʱ򣬻Ԫ·
ղǹûԪҲܵ˲ĴˣһսѸҲ˺ۣϵѪһĺɫҺ塣
ʱĻԪͬŭޱȣ
ղŵһսΪҪ˵ѪⶼɣɾԪʧֲ

ͻȻһЦӵ´ѪĴִԪûһͷ­ͷ­ȻһŮʹһԪһͷ
ڤʥصˣǳӣҪץңҽͰǶˣǵѪ⾫Ԫֲҵʧȥɣ
ݣ
⼤䣬һ֡
ʱֵ״̬ܲǵԪʣһѡ
ô죿
һһնʮ룬ʵ
ԪҲشֻǿиɣҲڲ֮䣡ѣɱǣҲף
ȻˣԺСģҵֻһΣһʧܣʦ淢ŭǱؽ˶ܵطιħ֣
ָû·ʧôӣӵڤѪĸⶼˣǼûץ֣ҲûץԪһûԪܾӣԺѰҵĻǱȻڤӵŭ
ʦܣȥɱСȵ´֮ϧһдۣɱ
֣ǣں棬Ҳܰս
ãֻҪ´ʧôأӦö¸ҩܲһЩѾǱˮһսû·
ֿٵԪ֮һȻ
С
߻һɫĳնͷ­ɫҫޱȣ
ħߣһ㶼ϲóбаĴ
ߣһ
һǿߣ
ȻԷֻڣˣʵԭһ룬Ͼǿߡ
ھ۷ʱ򣬾ܻߣѾǰֻ̤񺣺ڣҾޣʮ⾳ʵʵķԾǿߣҲһս
ȫսһڣȴʱҪ
ԪĴֻ֣Ҫסһˣɽۻ
弱˳ȥӲӲŲȽ飬ţһӰߵĹȫա
䣡
ɫиһƬƬཬͬХ籡ཬ֮⴩ͬһֻࡣ
Сֻ𣡣
ߴʱļ٣һץסһߣԪսѾ˰Ȼ׶ΣԭǻܸͬشĻԪƴһƴڣߣѾ׽⣬֧
ǼÿһβɱҪԪ;ѪƴôƴȥǵҪƴˣ
ʱһ߾һĻԪһֱӶͷȻѾ˼֮С
һѪ⣬̷˱Ѫ⾫Ԫǻߵұۣۿɼٶήȥ

߷ҽУȻ˶ס޷Ԯ
ϱۣ
߷һ
һҧֱնԼֱۡ
ѪֱҲɵˡ
ңѾսڵļϼˣĵԪսһ㹦ȫľǾֻ׸ˣ
ڵ״̬Ϊ⣬Ԫǹƾ˸򲻹ץסǿҪץˡ
ˣ
ҧ˶Ԫ֮УǻܳߣЩڤʥصĵӿ¶ΪԪϡ
ټ׷˻ԪĴǸﲢǿ¸һڤʥˡ
ǲȥ֮ܵڤʥص׷ɱ
άȣ
СҼס֮һʮҪ㣬裡
߿ţһȥ
ӣΣ
ԪûɵŮԼ߶£ǵصͬһһסߵˡ
ôأǵѪ⾫ԪҵƷɣ
һսԪҲ˱ԴЩߣ
Ϊǣƣ
ߴһһı߽ϣҵĲ˺ѣȻڻԪɷ֧£ޱȣȻεķǳȴӲ֧
һȴҲûԪûŮɫ԰ףߵȫһܡ
ʱ֮ǰĲҲ˹һҪ˺硣
ư
ճһǿѹסԼ궯ѪԪѾ˵ƣЩ֧Ųסˡ
ôЩߣԪġ
ȻСӣ㵽ʲôΪ֣ҪǵѪ⾫ԪǵĶУ㣡
ԪĻ΢΢һЦ֣޷סǣ֣ĪΪ濹ǿߵʵʵղźڱ׷ֻܣ޻֮˵ˣҶǵĶжȤȴǵѪ⾫ԪԼʧʵⳡףҲƽɣ


1344 뻢ıƤ
㱻׷ֻܣ޻֮ٺ١Ҳ̫ǫˣô֪ʵ̶ֳȣɢ޶֮Уħʼ֣ҪģЩˣĿֻһǾΪץҰɣ
ԪɵŮͷ­ͻȻϷһ˿΢ЦԪ˵
΢΢һݣԭΪԪǻޣû뵽ֱӲµԼĿġ
ǺǺǺǣ
ԪͻȻһЦҲҩôҸһȺǿҵ⣬ʵ뻢ڣҲôɵ
ҸովһսأҲΪУҿԸһЩҵı룬ҩֻҪһɱǿߣҪǵıѪָʵ
΢΢ĸ룿㣿뻢ıƤ
٣ͶԼôûôǿߣҪǣҲô׵ģǿߵԴΪǿɹУݲһţʱҲһ㱾Դ룬ҴһʱҸովսģûоѪ䣬ʱαң£ԸһЩ룬ȡǿѪ⾫Ļᡣ
ԪԪλԺټ죬ͬʱǿ
ԪȷʵѾ֧Ųˣۿǿ߾ҪһܻܿᱨŸڤʥأⲻ뿴ġ
ãҴӦ㣡
˵
ԪһЦҾϲ˺㲻ڵģ
ЦţޱĴ߶Ҫ֮С
ɺͷ٣СΪĻ㱾Դ룿ⱾԴ룬ÿһ㣬ҵʵ֮ǰɽۻҸƣ֮ΪҲ֪ǿߵľѪȻףҲû˵ôѣҴ߶طһЩۣ˲࣬ʱоѪҵʵָ߰˳ɣٽҲһɱˣѪ⣡
дˣࡢħ壬һ飬ΪҵķϣҪȫԹ⣬ҪøǿδΪͬ𼶱ľǿߣ򣡡
Ԫпϵ飬ҰҲԽԽ
ʱҲתսȫʢ״̬ҼȲǿߵĶ֣ҲǻԪĶ֣ԪĻţĻɱǿߣܸұԴ뻹֣ھͷȴûлܻԪİգҲУ
ħʼ֣θޱȣһԪҪӣסĿԽ㣡ܣԭֻǿǿߺҵѪ⾫Ҫǿ
һ㡣
ԭڿ뷨̫ˣԪɵӣָǲ˵ȥԼԪĻʮа˾Żȥ˸ƵĻԪԼһ򾡣
ڵΪԼΪӣκһ뿴ܾˣһɵɡ
ܴƽֵĻսܿǻԪѷȥԼħʼ֣Ҳ޹
ⲻҪĽ
ƽ֣ôҪһɵϣһǹʹ
ָԪɵҲָǿԳ飬ǹֻԼˣƽ֮Ǿ͸ƾսһ
ţھԪںΪһȻóԪ۶ͬʱҲа֮ȼչŷ֮Ѫ⼸ǿս״̬
󷨡ӡ
˫ӡ
ǧٵĴ裡
ӡһЩӡֵʱǶʱоѸš
С
㲻ú
ûѡǿײֲ˱ˣǿ߿Ѿʮ꣬ˣпһЩƴֶΣʱԼŪҲǲܣɵˡ
ھȫԼʵͬʱǣǿߣûԪȥ
Сӣ湻ƻģ
ԪûŮҧȻĳĴ㣬ֻǣƣսҪԼķա
ٺ٣ΪͰȫˣûõģΪֲشԶǿٱֻҪɵκһ˵ľԪҾͻָһʵʱٳ㣡
ŮЦţһУȫѪһĺɫ֭Һ
ͣ
ĺɫ֭Һ·Ũһð̣ݷƺҪȼ
ŮһԽԽ죬˫Ŀŷ̵׹⣬Ӱͷϵš
Ƕȥ
һ˲䣬Ůϴܳĸ룬ĳ֡
룡
ҵģɱңҲҪᣡ
ձЩߺô˼꣬ʮ꣬иԵıơ
ߴֽӳһŹϵķ׭ؿһλεľӣǸУһʱ䣬ɫĹâԪ
ұ
ߴһӳһŷ׭Ȼը
ͬʱеľҲűը
ֲϯһգħʼֵĿռ䱾Ͳȶһʱ䣬ƬĿռ̮ռϯĸ뱻ը٣ռ籩֮Уɷĩ
ŮɫһףѪֱӱ飬ɫ֭ҺڸղžҵıըУ򡭡ˣ
϶ôǿȻ㻹֣ʱ
ٺһЦоõԪڽƴʱҲʼһɸ֪ԼϣΨԼʱ򷢶͵Ϯ
ɣʱ͵ϮȻܹܻԪǾԱץסǸƻļһ
Ȼҧ⣬³һѪѪ֮УȻһ˿Ѫ֮
šȼվѪ
һĻԪһ£ȼվѪˣ
Ԫ֪ӵлָһţܱʥҩ˽
ԭԪΪԼҲֻǻˮ㣬þȫû뵽ȻϧȼվѪ
ǾѪСѵǸɵӣȻȼվѪ֣ѪһȼգѻָպôڻӰս֮ôֻҪһֵľѪָʵɱ練ƣҲҲ
ԪпЦ
ʱȴ۾ѪĿСˣ
ѵҪͬھñ


1345 
Ϊ䣬ȻӹɣԭڻԪ֮оѾ׽⣬ĸоڱӡɱӱңҪȥɱǱֻܱ
ಣ
ӡϵֵϣ󷨵ķ춴һУֻоȫѸţ֮ǰǼ˺ѵѾԭˣ
ֻҪûԪԭôǾ֮ɣ
СҪͬھ𣿡
ᣬ̶ֳȲףû뵽޴Ȼһ֣Ҫ㣬㻹ڿӣֱ޲ɼɱҲᱻԵ
ܻĺš
ֻ΢΢һЦϵĶȴͣЪٵĴӡ
ôԭɱңΪڤʥص˱ǿ٣ۼôɢޣŽѪôЭץԪǾǵȻԪǿ
ʵڿѾɱڣԪѾӦһЩԴҪֲ࣬ΪʲôǾͲܺ
һ˵ȻԪ˴Ц
ǺǺǺǣСֵܣ˵ĺã֮䱾ûìܣȫԺҲһֺηһ֣ɱˡǶȥɣ
޴޴޴

ҺޣҲʣ
ֿţȻǧӡǵѪ֮УܵԪԽԽ٣
ƽʱΪȻ޷ͬʱԸǿߣڣ˾Ѫ̫࣬ͬʱҪֿԪĹѾӦӲϾ
ۿţԪϱԽԽ񣬼γһֳ׷ɱС
ǺǺǺǺǣѾ£ǻηѾҵУɱɱɣΪҵһ֣Ӧøең
ԪЦţڷʮ룬֣ʮ֮ǰĸ벻ͬЩͬѪһʺҫۣǻԪı롣
ʱ򣬻Ԫһɸ֪ȴʼϡ
ڻԪովһսʱʱ֣ԲУֻܣһ־ǲܵˡ
Сӣ֪ɵǼɵѵڵȴʱôȻֿܻңһֻܷҪħʼУҲҡ
Ļû취ˣҵʵҪָ֪¡
Ԫʮ־裬Ȼƺûжֵ˼ڲϵĽӡɱǿߵԪûԪյø˳
ϾҪɹˡ
ԪĴ֣Ѿ˺üֵϡ
ЩֶǻԪı룬Ҳǿ͵ĸ룬˴ļǿܹնϵġ
Ϣʱ䣬ܳɹˣֻһ㣬ֻһ㣡
ۣ
ֻһ죬һһߵСѪ⾫ʱԴԴϵıա
߷һҽУСڲϵή
ɹˣСӹȻǸ׳գҲ
ԪпЦѾоǾѪ⾫ԼˣֻҪƬ̣ȫգԼ
ʧʧ
Ԫһеĳ֣Ǽֵ壬Ѫһա

쵰
ǲú
ǿ֮ǰ䣬ʱԪһѪ⾫Ԫһ߰ȫעϣһεѾöֵ׼ˡ
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˿ɿڵʳԪܴ
ƺԻԪȻδʩչ󷨣ɱǿߵķ
޴޴ޡۣ
һţȴʱȻ³һںѪΪķ඼ԪˣѾ˵ˡ
ǺǺǺǣɹҲȻһ˱ɵ飬̫ˣ̫ˣڳҲˣѪ⾫Ѿҵ壬ֻʱ⣡
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ԪЦţʱЦȴȻһ
ǡţ
Ȼһݣղȫעϣ͵ϮȴյѪ⾫Ԫ
ڲȻ֣ЩѪ⾫Ԫ̺֮ķӡ
ЩӡѪ⾫Ԫһ𱻻ԪգȻҲĸ֮Уɢڸ
ʲô
ԪһЩӡ̺ķ򣬵ȴ֪ЩӡղŴġ
ԪԸǿߵķʽǲϵĴַӡû뼸ǿߵ֮УӡǵԪ
ǾӡԭʲôԪڣЩӡȻѪ⾫Ԫһ˻Ԫ֮С
ҪģԪõǱԴǿߣҲ͵£Щӡɢ˻ԪıԴ֮С
ԪжʱһֲԤУӡ˹Ź֣ǿҲյھʲô¡
æתҪЩӡų֮⣬Ȼʱޱ𾪵һĻˡ
û취ƶЩӡЩӡͻȻγһ΢͵춴ɵˣ
ˣЩ춴ԽԽ񣬳ǧ΢춴ǧУɻԪڵѪ⾫Ԫ
ʱǻԪʱ̣ȻѾֵĳѪ⾫ԪڣǻûüûתսڵȴֱЩ춴ɡ
мˣ
Ԫ˲о׹ѣʣЩӡǣһʼƺˡ
ûֱץסԪİգ㽫ӡֵ֮УӡǵԪǰԪʵ׼ЩӡᱻԪգڻԪʱ̣춴
һ͵壬׼˻Ԫռǿߵ˼ټϳ֮⣬˸ûж󷨺ʮ⾳ģҲע»ԪپǻۣҲ
ʶһ㣬Ԫȫ˪֪һʼûŹԼҲڼԴҪԼһ򾡣
СӣԻȻôݶôթ
Ԫбŭ˲ֵȻջȫ֮Ͷ
ȥ
ݣ
ʮԴ
ЦһڷˣϧѾˣ̫ٶˡģһ㡣


1346 
ֳַѪǹھںϣ׼ʮ룬Ȼһǹ
׻֮ڷѪǹϽ㣬Ǵа׽֮
þ
¡
ֻһֲı죬ʮֱӱըݵƮ˳ȥԪȴȻһͣȫӿǧӡγ춴š
ԪûŮݲϵŤţԽԽģΪ̫ңû嶼Աˡ
ڣûлӡȥһĹҪɱ
ܵĻԪȫ·ӡǣЩӡǶµģԪ黳ɣȫԸ֪ЩӡǵĴڡ
ӣҲԽԽӲ˶Զͱ׷ϡ
Сӣ
ԪԽԽɳƴ̶ûŮòԽԽıһʹĶħСӣҵģ
һ̣һɻɫĹϢӻԪڷԽԽǿңͬɫȼգ£ǻԪıϢγ֮յĻԪ
ԪϧıϢ𹥻
ۿͬһĻɫϢǷһȣȻҲƴУϧľжûԪȴûã
һ̣һöѪɫţһϡأ޵ĺɫ·ħ֮ѪȾɡ
ɿռ䣡

ǿĺ֮俪һзĺɿռ䣬ַԲա
ԪĻɫ棬ûɿռоȻбͬƣǻԪ֮ȻڵķҪĶ࣬ɿռ䣬ִ䡣
⡭ǣôܣԪʧɫ㾹ȻҲͨԪ򣿡
һ̣һǿҵĲӿϻԪļ䣬һУֱӽɫתӣ
Ȼ֪ҲһսӳĿԺСɡ
¡
ɫںɿռбըͬʱԪıͼû£ʱȴоΧĹâ˲ʧˣһйΪڰ֮Уһǿϣû취Ǳˣ
ͬħһߡ
Ի춴һʣʱ䡢ռУøݳ٣󷨡ڰ㣡
ʱǰһڰԲؼһԪԲ£γɾ޴ĺɫУеཬľиʬǣҲо룬ʧںڰԲ֮Уӡ
ڰԲĻ춴ӣģ氵Ǻڶ
һǰʩչһȫѪܶᱩ𣬷·ܲסѹҪ˺ѿڵηھЭʮ⾳Ҳĸ
ʩչڰѾ硣
ʲô
Ԫţ˷磬Ȼʱڻ춴ӵĴ߷֮£ڵöӡ뱬ֲϯԪȻһѲˣ

ԪţǱɿֲ
峤ɵĻԪһ޴ĺɫߣзȻվѲ˺ڰ
ɣ
ͷų춴ӵͬʱȻһǹ̳þ
ҵ׽֮Ԫı֮Уöӡһը
ϯԪһֱը䣡
ʺ֭ҺЩѪһ֭ҺҲȫ£
Сӣú
ԪţΪֲȷʵĿǿö࣬£ûбһЩʱ䣬Ѫ⣬Իָ
⣡
ʮָֻǼϢʱ䣬ִӡЩӡȫûԪı壬סڵһסˡ
󷨣ܷӡοǷһֲ

ʧȥһзĻԪֱӱͶħռ֮С
һУһʩչþӡͺڰ㣬ҲС
תͷȥȴǿ߾Ȼûг׶ǵȫѪ⣬ѾС뱻Ԫɣһݹͬ绯ǧĸʬ˵˲˹ˡ
㡭㡭
Ϊ׵߿־ĿһͷѾ԰׸ɿݣݣز£ȫʧȥۿǻˡ

߷·ͻȻʲô̼ƵĲЦû뵽˺ΧԪվȻ˼£һС֮Ԫ󶼱ƭȥˣôƣ
ҧгݣ岻ϵķ
ԣȤ
ɨ˼һۣӻԪǿ֮ڤʥصĵӵӣʣǰˡ
Щɢ޵µģҲЩɢ޴ԼʽϳԼݣΪԪһֱ֮սټһЩΣˣûܿսȫ̡
㡭˭
ûпһľĸоǰ겻֮ڣڣȫҲһ˿Ϊĺۼ
һЦǰҾҪҵǲǺܾȣ
һ
ֻоʱЦͬħһ㣬Ȼ֪ѰǱ̫꣬ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ʧأֻо֮һǿ֣ʧҡ
һְߵϣ䡪ѻ
ηʩչѻҪһħѻ֪ٱѳϢ˹󷨡ҩȵЩޱȸӵĶû취֮⣬õһϢ©
Ȼ߱ϾǿߣǿޱȣóȻʩչѻܻ⵽ɣֱӸ֪ԼݣöԷɲǼʧأԼó롣
ϢӿԺ֮С
ڤĶѰʥҩԭ׷ԭȵȡ
ȻźǣԺУмֵϢֻһЩԼƶ϶ѡ
˿ڤʥأƺӿһδ֪λߣֻڤӵ䣬Ѱʥҩƺ֧йء
ڤҪѰҵ䣬ѵҲǸйأ
в롣
ȷϵòϢһǹߵʺѾ˼£㳹ײˡ
ˣҲһһնɱǵֽ䣬ҲȫУ΢̽һȫڤʥصĹҩһЩЩϡ
һֱӽħռ䣬ҪշԪ


1347 
ħռ֮Уķڴˣγһž޴ͼԪ棬ʱԪѾСʮɴСһ޴֮еߣƾҲӲȥ
ţô͸ԭˣ
ѾںΪһĻԪЩȣԭԪѾնɼˣЩѵĸ룬˴֮侹ȻһЩϸСĳ֣Щֱ˴ϵơ
Ԫ൱ǿҩȷʵм
ߣһµĽܷѩ˵Ľܷѩ˿մȾ֮ڰУ˫㣬Ʈݳ
ҩٺ٣룡ҩһԼ˲ȼȫԪëҲòһһᱬըһᣡ
Ԫ˵һûŮӣһûĶħҲҵŤţܲȶ·ħһ㡣
Цһԣҵķ󷨣鶼ԷӡοһСɫ
ӡ飿Ҳ·ͷʲôƨԳƷ󷨣Цˣ
ԪһһֱɼŮ˶ޱȴ̶
ʱĽܷѩ󣬳˯еСѹ˯ۣ֮һϲ˯ȫޣ磬
ٽħռ䣬һǼһ꣬СѾܾòˡ
СӣԽԽܳԣҷһǧҲӦ
СĳƺԪҵĲĸ
ԪûĶħײŵĿĿɨһ磬ھֵ˵ΪѵΪΪ
ˣһĵһҲΪҲѵ㣡
Ԫ˵¶һ˿֮ɫΪһħʼֲֵȻҲ֪ҵ֡
Ȼ㣡Ԫ𣬡ųδܹΪ˲˲޹ϣڤʥص֣ޣҲʵˣԪĿ˸һʼļʹޣֺޡ
ʲô벽𡢴ݶҪˣҲֱָ
û뵽㻹ע飬ҵ˵˺ܶࡣ
ߣȻֲҿԻûǧ̬۶ħޣħ塢࣬ӡŮӣҾ磬Ѱؼĵرʳ־Ԫ֪֣ʲô֡
ԭˡȻ
Ԫҧ˵ҪɱңҿԹ˳㣬ԼޣδĳɾһܸߣҸ㣬ҲйԵǰ;
Ԫ˵䣬ƵĻش
΢΢һЦǸҲҪǰ;ʲôϵ˵ļֵҵԼޣĳɳٶȸôк壿οԽթûȤҪűˡ
һ仰ж˻Ԫ̡
ҵ츳ϣӵк֪ܶʶ㲻֪ģ֪ڤڳıһö񵤣Ϊ쵤̫ʱʿͻƵǷõģڵѾʧѵͲĶ
쵤
һͻƵǵҩ
쵤ȷʵ̫ʱʿͻƵǷõ񵤣Ѿı䣬о쵤ҲδͻƵǣˣⵤѾʧ֪ڤεõġ
쵤ҵǺŪ֣ϧҵʵҪȥڤǲˣһǼþհɣҼڤܿݱ¶
Ľܷѩڤ˸ߵۣ⣬ڵڤӵ⣬һݱڤ֪ǾǸ
ˣС㡣ͻȻһֽͳʮֱ׸С
ԺܲܳעⲻҪ̫ࡣ
ǰ벽Լ֣ԺʯΪϣں϶ɵһֵʯһ
СӹһɲǣֻоȫѪļӿʮ񣬾̲סˮĸо·ʮζʳ
лл磡
С˵СȡһöҪС
֪俪Сϣʱ̹ע仯ͬСɣСǰԹʯҪӴ
Сҧһ𶼳ˡ
Сܲס˵
ţá
СĶԻԪסˣԾ񣬶һһڵҧԣ˵ʲô
Ԫ֣ʱСͷǺ«һ£ʱһŨζСǻ֮䣬̲סſھҧһС顣
һĻԪ鶼⡭ôܣ
ǰ벽ϵĸ죬Ӳ̶ȣҪ
˵һ޸֮СŮǻԪԼҪָҲףǰСŮǹһѾҧһʲô̥
Щˣֱ
ûԪľȣ뵱Զŵ۶·ʱԲӡƵļƷ鱦СҧһСȻҧĲǲӡı壬ǲӡΧдµġ⡱󷨣ˣҲ㹻ˣǱϾǷµĴ
κ壬Сǰǹһ׵ҧ飬Ե
СԵָ׸ǴСһֻһκĸоӿˣ̲סֳһ㣬½飬ȫȥ
ģС˫շһ˿죬һ㣬ɷǿɰ
磬ǰЩóԶˡСЦ˵ţ˼£˸ãֱڵϾ˯ˡ
һЦתԪѪǹ
Сӣ㣡Ԫʱоȫ䣬ƴתҪƷ󷨵ĽԱͬھȻз󷨵ӡڣ첻
ԪţȻڷ󷨵ӡ֮£ĺȴԽԽ΢ճ׶ϾĻûҲʧˣУһΰƴСĺɫ룬һѪһ㡣
ڽһʱݣħʼĸ׳òͬݣ鵤Ĳϡ
¾㱸չؿšЩѰ֮УҲ˵ĲһħǣΪħ
ħǣҪ֮ǰħı壬츳౶Ҳǿħ´ࡣ
ȿţ㷵ܴ½ħӡ


1348 һ
ħʼ½ϿգڶЩ򲻷ֱȻħʼ½ϿգȴͬһСɳһ΢
ڶеĳһţһεĶ֮Уǰһҩתţ֮ҩ֮ȼգһҩɢŵĺ⡣
ƵǼ
աԵ䡷ļأͼǿźŵıرҩֵҩҪضҩģϸ˵ʵĳһضҩһ൤ҩͳơ
ҪԵϣҪԵϡ
Ԫγ֮Ǽ𡢻ңûκ磬ʶƿŵļ
һµʱ䣬мĸϣҲҺħʼ籾Ϊĵһ֮һӵиϡϣֻҪоȫ򵽡
Ϊ˱ⱻ˲˲ͬݣڲͬĽ׳֮йϣηΪҲ鲻ͷϡ
вϺǣչء
ѡǵԭǣһͨ½ĴֻҪ֧㹻߾Ϳͨص½磬һδ֪£ֱӷԼԭλ档
ȻҪȥλҲԣҪǰ֪λ꣬޾ĿռУҪҵ׼ȷȴһ׵顣
ϣһԵıҩ֮С
Щϣö
ö൱ʯǧ絤Ҳʯѡ
Ǹϵļֱֵ׷ǧ絤˵ϻԪˡ
ҩУȻҲɹҩʦļƬҩʦҩˮƽߡ
ҺãĽܷѩĸ꣬Ľܷѩţ޳ɰ벽моƳͼ棬ŷḻľ飬ΪĽܷѩԼǷ˫ޡ
Ľܷѩľ飬ټԶһ֮ƼѾʮþȡ
ʱţҩеļ𽥳ͣûд˵еҩ㣬еһŵϢϢ֮УһڣоԼ·Ҫͣ꼸˯Ѫת
ǷˣһϢֱӾͻϾ
ⵤҩ֮ضһϢˣֱӷ´˵֪֮ǿ󣬺ܾܿʹһغ
Ľܷѩ԰Ŷݼ׵ŷһţȿţٿţṩԿš
Ľܷѩ˵䣬ҩҵĶ¯ǱȻɣһͨڵĵҩֱɶ
һһѽץס
öҩޱȣڵĲһ˿ϸ˵ѾɫϵĺڣеĹ߶Уǳ׵׵ڣͬĻ춴һ㡣
öҩо·ͨĳصĿռͨͨһδ֪ʱա
ŵת£ʱȫ֮ȼգͬһҵĻ¯ӴѪ֮һҰᱻ˲ûɢ
һһ˼
һɲǣͬһˮڻ¯ϣĽ棬Ȼһ³һںѪ
ںѪ뿪֮󣬾ѸٵĸࡢݽߣǼĿֲڣѪҺմȾһ㣬ֱӸɿݡ
ϵ˥ܣݡⶼʼήȻŵļӳ֮£ЩѪڲϵ
Ĺ̳˼ӵʱ䣬˥ܵʹ࣬һһİաԵ䡷תԪš

ʱڤʥһ֮С
ݲ԰׵ڤӣѪɫʯ̨֮ϣⷽʯ̨֮£޾ĺɫŭηӿˮΣͬѪҺһ㡣
Ѫ֮Уι״ڸǴ˵еĵ
ڤӵǰһòģĺˣȫһƬ֮УʹӰͬһţԿ塣
˵ǰһڻת֮ϣƯصĵơ
ЩĵȫͬõĲȱƬϵķ֮
֮£һɢҵʬǣЩʬǶѾ֧飬ȫήͬ绯ǧĸʬһ㣬ͻһϳЩʬǣħʼУµʬ
תЩʬǷ·ڻˣһɹɸܵʬȫˡ
֮ϣγģľЩصĺ֮ûܿö
㵽ô
ڤ˫ۣʵ
ҡҡͷ˵Щʬм仹ã׼֣ϧǱƻ̫أֻԭȥľѵöࡣ
˵䣬븡ֳһģӰֳֳǹò治䡣

ڤĿһˣɱڤʥصӣ˻ԪֻЩ𣿡
ƾһ㣬޷Ŀꡣ
ٺ٣ʥֶΣԶֹˡ
˵֮ʱͻȻſ죬һڽģӰͬĸʬ֮һУ׽ȥ
һĻһ˿˶öģȴƺζ
ֵĹ䲻ʮ꣬ζӦǾͨ׻ߡ
˵ţڤһʮꣿ
ΣսʤǿߵģǶˡ
ȻƲܴںܴʮ̫ͳˡ
ٺ٣׽ˣҳϢˣǹɱģƾһ㣬ϢȻЩ˵ʬϡ
˵ʮֹ죬ЩʬѾƻˣȻֱܹӳ¸ʬ˲׽ɱֵϢ⼸漰ֻ֮мΪصĲ֡
ֻҪҳϢһҲǣܲҵ㣬
˹Цţ̿ʼϢλã׼ϢһܸϢһ˵λãȴδš
ҵ
пܣλ̫ԶҲΪ
˲ϵݣѰңȻʼδʾκζ
ģ˵Ʈģƺ֧ŴҲɣ״̬һֱ˽һʱں˼ʱͻȻһתͷĳһ򣬶̶׼λ˲ɰǧӡ
ӡķ裬֮нɢһɼޱȵϸ֪ܲ
˲׽һ˲䣬۾Ȼҵˣû뵽Ѿڿţ㲻ţһ޷㣬㿪ţعų⣬ȴ¶λãʥڣʥ崫ģӲˣ


1349 ʥ׷ɱ
оԼ·Ѿ˥ȥΨ쳣޾֮УƬУ޾Ŀնÿһնƺͨ޾ռ䣬һСģͻʧ棬޷԰Ρ
Ŀռ֮УΪΣգȴĸоԼԶһɫ壬ϵɢεΪĴڣȴϵ巽򣬲ʧ
ǡ춴ӣ
ͷ춴ӣΪʮ⾳֣ȻҲãΪҲʮ⾳֮һ
˻춴ӣоޱߵĴһյָ·ıܣѰңĿռ֮ʱһʵĴš
֮ϣ׹ǣ׹ǵĹצץסһŵİϣðˡ
ţ
üһλھ֮УǰŶݼ׵һš
Ҫţ׼ֻʣ¾壬ھУȥŵڡ
νƶ
ֻҪţԼͻŶݼԲõĺôΪպǴ½ʵĻ
֣֮һ˳ǹֳֳǹȻһǹڴ֮ϡ
¡
𶯣Ӵŵķ϶֮У¶һɺ嫵ΪԪ
Ҳ߲ܶõԪ֮һ
һԪڣһֳ̣һӰ
ͬʱŶݼǰţа֮еɲǼóһǹһǹĻӳɲǼӳһǹһǹںΪһ۳ǿԵ䡪ˣ
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Դ֮صĺţһΣžҵֲתƥԪγһڵĴӣͷע
ԽԽӴԽԽŨУоԼԭѾŵʼ»
ЩɿݵƤ⿪ʼѣ䣬¶ļĹҲʼԭĹ֮У֮֮ãϾͻҲ
оһ̣ǰδеǿȫǽڷžžı죬·һͷޱӡڣһɿֲҪ
ȣ
һȻӳһǹٴκǰصĴ֮ϡ
һΣֻ¡һ죬ųױ顣
ţڱ״ˡ
һԪ֮ԴԴϵĹעڣһֻ̼ǼϢʱ䣬ͻһڽ
һһǧ
һǧ
һǧ
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ڣ

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ڵԪڸղһ˲䣬ǿ˰ٱֹǰȻԪһֱٵĿڿţȻôֱ࣡˼顣
˵Ľܷѩ͵߾磬ԪҲˣ֮ǰΪȽϵֱͣӿţǰŶݼԲͻͽѾڼСĳ̶ϣ򣬲ŶݼֻǿʼѵͻƵǣһУʵ̫̫ˡ
ǣĽܷѩҡҡͷ֪Ҫô߳һ
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߳ԼʱٳĶͨ½Ĵȥ
һգۼ˲䣬ͷɳʮԶʱͻȻӿһëȻĸо·һɲǣȫ£һε۾ͨ͸ˣ
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Ľ⵽ô£ʲôطˣ
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ʵһǣǰˣпܱԼǿǿöࡣ
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1351 ڤӵ׷ɱ
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ʱڤͻȻǷһ˿ЦӲ³һá֣˸Īһҿ
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ڤ΢Цı飬ľֱӳߵľ֮ȡߵļ䡣
ѻ
ϢվޣȻȲѻ꾡
ڤߵԺĿǿյȫ̺Ȼסˡ
ʩչʽڰ㣬ڤܲʶۿһܾȫ̡
Ϊ춴ǹߣôᡭ
ڤһ˫ѪɫĹʣȻ

ڤü⣬ҪɱȻǣ鷳һй¶Ҳе
ԭΪʥ͵͵֣ڣһ㣬ʥļȻֱӱɱˣ
ڤӲ֪ûвǸɱʥݣȴ֪Ǿʬһˡ
һߺ𣬺᲻
롭ɱڣ
ڤͷӵ½磬ҲڤӶֵûᣡ


1354 
졭ڤ㡭㡭
Ǵ󸽽ŵļӣԼ߰˸ȴ͵ߣǶĿڤӻɱǳѻһĻ
ʱһ־嵽˼㣬УڤӾһбĶħɱ˲գۣûɡ
ڤӻڳˣɫĮܱǸǿ˲ÿ顣
ڤ׷ɱһ£¹شһй¶ȥ鷳֮У׷Եɣǣʥ飬ôڤӱɣ
£ڤôЩ˵ڶ֪ݣҲЩ˻ϵġ
㡭㣡
ڤӵĻɫ
Ȼʵǿδ¸ңʱǱȷ˸Ӻ£ΪǵȷҪࡣ
ӣ
м߷ֵĽתӣ
ǸֶΣееȼ˾Ѫϧһд۵
ǷֿܷͬȻڴǰǸûߵĿܡ
Ҫֻ֣ܹá
һɲǣڤƱٵɫЩٶȿò˼飬ڴֳʮˣ˲䱻и⡣
ʮˣ
ѪѵڤӾôվѪ֮УɢһεѪۿ֮ǰԶܿ
ʱڤӣɫۣɫ԰ף˫Ŀɺ죬ƬѪ꣬ʮһħ֮ħ
޹飬Ҫɱȴ֪˻Ԫײʥĺ
ڤ૵ţʱѾ˷쳣
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ɳȥ鿴ʱһεĿռС
磬ˣ
ôˡ
һոշյߣͨһˤ䣬޷ݵѹָȫ
Ǿ֣Ҫţ
ܶͷǾʲô֪ˡ
ڤӣʩչԼʥһģһ򡪡ħ
ڴ£һж
ڤӽ˵ʶˣûɱ֣ʲôģŪ̫һƷţһ˲䱻ţ̫Ĺע
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ڤԺиֳϢֻһ΢½λеһ΢һѣΪʥ崫ҪڤӰɱôϣ֪½λһСط
½磬ȻȥǣΪ˳ӦعλѾǼޣܴԽĿռ籩ȥλ棬ӳҵģ
ڤһЦóһöɫöһôͶУǧǧ½λͼȫӰڤӵԺ֮УֻҪ֪ǵ꣬ڤӵʵͨȥҲһʱѡ
ڤǵЦʵĳһ֮Ҫץסֱ׽
ֱΪԼѡõĹأأȷʵʺϰᡭ
ڤħ૵ţһӣһž˴֮Уһ̣ƺڤڴ֮ʧˡ

ʱ֮⣬ռ䣬һƬѪɫƽԭƽԭľͷبһǧɽ
ɽһ֣ɽɽɢſֲħ
һ޵ХһӷƽԭľͷЩӢǷǵıϣһȺӢ緢ߣ
ЩУΪ׵һĸߴˣ֮⣬һŮΪۡ
һŮĸʷǷеӢ˧Ůʥħ½һӹƾ콾
ɽҪˣһҪɱ߽߳ʹʹġ
Ӣ˷ܵ˵սеĳԵ÷ǳš
ÿ궼кֽܶɽ֮УȻоųȥ޻أʬǶûУΪҲƬɽͱΪɽǸֵķĹͬʱҲһ̺˴Եĵطܶȴͻƾ磬֮·ߵøԶ
ҲΪԭðźܴգÿ궼ɽ
磬ҪСأɽɲ⣬ѾҸǣĻɽİŷԵ˵һװӢ䵫ȴʧǸѵõļˣĳ࣬Ȼ˵ˡ
˵Ķԣɽֲ̫±ҲߵɽǾԵ˭Ҳ⡣
ףĿ˵Ȼǹеˡ
ȻԸҸ棬ƲƲ죬Ҫ䣬˵ԼʵѾɳεȾ֮Ļ
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һȻ̧ͷȥֻһҫ۵ʯԲ˼ٶ˺Ѵֱ
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ÿʯӾС
ߣĿԶȴȻһ𣬡ԣǲʯôҿǡһһˣ
˵һԼĶŵƶϣȻԶһߵĿȷʵһˡ
һһˣ
ʱ򣬡ʯˣ㣬ħɭɭųɽ
¡
һ̣ޱȿֲıըϯԲǧķΧɽɽֱӱƿˣر򴩣ڵײ֮µҽͬХһֱֲĳɽһУƲɵϯ
⣡Σգ
󾪣æſ磬סˡ
ĳϣɫ԰ף³һѪ
ôԶ˲֮һĳԼˣѾ޷ղײˡ
籩ܿ͹ȥ۾ǡʯصĵطһ£˶ˣһصҲŴͣþ޷պϡ
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˵Щаħɽûˣ
Ƕôµ
Ƕоһ㣬Щӵҳģڷҽȴ·ڸǣһжǻ
˵ղŵʯһˣ
ȻʶʲôЩʵ
ˣʱҲ
ɴ֮У죬ѵ˵ҡҿܿˡ


1355 ɫĻ
ǡڻˡ
Բʮľ޴ݿӣһֱ˵ؿǣ籡ҽȫҽ֮Уҽĺ˳
ʱȫı¶˺ˣڣѪ
ôֲƻըƽɽΪΪ׷Ŀռ籩
ڤӵĴֱ˿ռ֮УӲзһʱڼ䣬֪ٴ֮յĴռ籩ļ϶ǿĿռ֮һδε˺һߣȥͻᱻƬҲܣȫ⡢ѿˡ
ľ񣬸Ǹ߶ȽţͬĽܷѩĲС֮Уһͻ˲
ǿռ䣬˴Ŀռ籩һֱ׷ܴ½½λ֮Ŀռ籩ֲħӳ֣ޱȵɽҲǱ˲飡
㻹ðɡ
ûϵܴ½ӦðȫˣΪʧƾ˰Ŷݼ׵Ҳûʲôвҡ
ڵ״̬ȷʵ⣬һ飬ԪӶ˳˯ϵжˡ
ȫ˾ųɣѪҲѪ֪ٴǻθУѪ
ȵزѾȫɻɾѪԪѪҲԻɾԪգֻҪһЩʱˡ
Ľû°ɣҲС
ĽܷѩɫƽʱҪ԰࣬Ȼ͸֧
Ľܷѩҡҡͷû£Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
ƮƮĻĽܷѩһЦЩп
ĽܷѩոѹʱɾͻɱһȻʧȥĽܷѩƾѾǿˡ
ǸʱΣգĽܷѩƴʧһЩȫԱӻ
ڣҲɳܿǿߵľأĽܷѩǿһȻҪĽܷѩıӻˡ
Ľܷѩһ΢ʧ䣬ͬʱȴϲúοɳô죬Եĸˣ·Щɾȡõһ㡣
ȻܲĽܷѩʱӵı仯ֽͳö굤ˣɾԪĽܷѩ塣
Ľħг˯һľͽҺˣҿʱȫָˡ
šĽܷѩͷ΢΢һЦЦһЦȴһֻصĸоһů
һͶ뵽ħռУưܲ壬ܼѵ˾޴ӣڵʱ򣬲ĸ֪Ƿǳһתͷһƺˡ
֮УһӷڼɣӺ͹ɵնӡ
ǰ˲ӣʱһ˷ܡһ㣬ҲʲôҲһأ
ôֲƣΪаħ֮صɽˣǵķǾʥħ½һ
һ˵㲻ǷôֲըĶҲһĳϣûȥһ
ŵĻԵôܴ
ɳԶ֮뿴ըֳǷԲʮʮľ޴ӣпвϷң˷ܡ
ĿӣעˮԳƵһСںˡ
ȥ̽鵼ⳡըĵʲôʱȴȻһſӵıԵȻһڣȫѪӡ
㡭˭
ˣ˳ӣѵʱ뱬ըĲԶȻܻ
նӵҲһԺĪĻղĿԶľʱĿǿνʯƺһˡ
òǡ
һڿˮҡͷˣ񺣺ڸ֣ıըУҲͻҷˣһԼˡ
ɨһΪҪֱľ磬ȴһʱû
ڣ
ڣ
ʱһƬԪޱȣԷ塣
ѵǰ벽񺣣õԵҪͻΪߣ
ԺлͷȴҲҿ϶
ô˵أھ뱬ըĲԶĵطȻв֮
ţͻȻУ̧ͷȥͻȻһޱȺƴĺɫҫʣһʱ䣬·г̫һҫ۵ĳףһǴɫ
죬ʲô
д󾪣ɫһ䣡

֮⣬ռ֮Уڤڿռ籩֮пٴ
½ߣ½磬˳ӦκͬӭӾ
Ŀռ籩ڤϯһһ⡣
ĳһʱ̣ڤǰȻһǿһȭֻ¡һ죬ռ飬ڤӴ˿ռ籩һƬȫİλ֮С
Ƭλ棬ͶϡԪŴĿռ䣬΢ķ򣬺ʣ½硣
½֮УͶ֮飬ķǵԼ͡
½磬ҳΪôǵһ½磬Ȼһޱȵλ棬Ҹоһռ̫ˡ
ڤ˵ţͻȻһ֮Уӳһεɫǳǳ൱޴ԪǳΧγɺޱߵıƣЩ༸ʮʮ׳ۡ
ǡ
ĿĵصˡڤǷһ˿΢ЦԿʼˣļķسҲ御ˡ
ܴȻڤӵĸ֪ȫһһİҳ̫ķʱ䣬ô
㽫𣬵ʱΨһǸ飬һˡ
ˡ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬ּ̧ڤʵڲʲô½磬ɱһǳ֪֪Ҳû˻ỳɵڤӡ
ǵ飬Ҫ֣͹ǵͬɣ
ڤӴֽгǸ˳߳ȫһֳ̣һĶħɢһϣһȫ飬ڤ˵ҲҪȫԸ
ħ֮Уħ٣
ڤӸ߾˫Ȼһն£ĶħӰһɫֱ£ͬһҫ۵ĺɫֱȥƬձڤһۿǾҪ޾ħ֮¡
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⼴Ǵʱͻ
Ǵ֮⣬ͻȻһʵĻɫĻڤӵĹײĻ֮ϣһɲǣڤʼδһĻˣȫһɫĻ󣬾ţ뺣һ㣬ƾʧˣ
ô
ڤֱˣԵʧȥ˼һϢ֮Ծ鷢ˣǵɫĻͻȻһڤӷһɫ⣬ڤӸղŵĹ
Ĺԭⲻķˣ
ʲô


1356 Ԫػ
һޱȵ½λ棬ͻȻĻɫĻҾȻԼĹ飬ڤҲû뵽
ʱڤһι֮Ʋӵʱۿħٱڤ屩˳ȥ˫ǧӡ
䣡
ڹⱬըմƬ̮ڤȻһѪӿϵķ¶˺ˡ
ԼĹǱڤζû뵽
ô£
ڤü뵽һǿڰбһ£ͷ˱ӵôǱԼռ籩֮УЩ
ǣйŹ֣
ڤ뵽һ֪Ʈϸ̽ѰΧԾķ֣Լĸ֪Ǵ֮󣬱㱻һϣ޷벽ˡ
ȻǻɫĹĻ沼˹ϵĵƣЩƷ·ʯϵ·תصĹ
һɲçƴϢӹĻɢϢڤľ
оԼ󷨣һȹ̣ɺ˿󷨵ˣԱǿٱ
ǿµϢζţ𼶵ĸ֣УҲǿߣ
򲻳һֻ֣
֮⾹Ȼ󷨣
ڤӼΪԾĻ֮ϷɢһµζԴƶĻܴʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ǰûʱ򣬱һصǿߣΧһػ
ڤ޷ػ˭µģȴĸеػþǿ߽룬Ϊûá
ǣʲôܣ
ڤӲŲţһƶ½򣬻һǿߵע⣬Ƕʲôܡ
ܣ˵Ҳǵǿԭ
޷һ½ߣʲôһῡܵһ˵λá
ҵĹȴͨĽУѵ˵ĻߣֻĻڼµ߽룿
ڤԺͷ
Լȥɽ룬϶ʲôֻԼƣ޷Ǿ㣬һΪߣ򣬲Ǳˡ
ǰߣǺߣǳ⡣
ǰ߲˵ֻܿңʲôܲµػɺڤƽ˵ġ
ںߣ޵Уɳڤʥص񺣵ӣҲȥͲ˵ġ
ô
ڤüͷҹζ࣬ȥֱܿܳʡ
ƫƫͻƲϱڣܴ½ʲôܣڤӺ̽һ˵ԼһĪĻԵ
ۿĻԵǰȴòȻޡ
ֻһЩˣԸҵĲ²û
ڤɫţϢ˷Ŀռ֮ͨУȥ·һ㲻ۼ
ǵǣֻǿɫ·һɲǳһֺɫ̫һЩӵķ˹ȣΪֺɫǲ֮׶Ĥ֮⣬ҲûиǴκα仯
ʱɽĿգʧˣ
ԭΪһŸղŲʯû뵽ֻһš
ߣɫ΢΢ղڤӵĹ
ڤ׷ǣ˿µĹ⹥ϣһƽ٣½λ棬ܲסĹ
ҪлԪǰʮǰ½磬ϵ߽ǣôĺ᲻ҵļ塢˵ܻʹ˻𡣡
ңһصܴ½̻ԪػԪεĪ˵ڤӣһ֣Ҫƿ磬Ҳȫܡ
⵽ʲô󣿡ͷ죬ţʱͻȻʲôȭλѲ֪ôƺ
Ϊư벽񺣣δʮ֮ڣͻǰ϶飬ʥħ½ǿ߿൱ġ
Եúܿ
ҽľ˵֣ʥħ½Ҳв֪Ҫ֪ǴѪɱԭԭ˵в鷳
һ̸ΧʯأҪòһЩ
ֻһҧԼƬɽ֮ʯؽԼҳˣ֮ˡ
֯һЩѰһʲôû֣Ҳֻˡ
ֵܣҪȥ
Ѫɱԭֱӻشû
ŶҪȻѪɱԭҲͬ˵ЦԭɽģյɽûˡЦһһЦˡ
΢΢֪Էȥ·ǲĸѪɱԭͬ򣬵϶Էͬʵ£֮ģϾΪ½˵൱ˡ
ûоܾͬУСеķԣЩԶѪͳʮһЩ󣬿ԿٵִѪɱԭ
ûЩˣҵ̫ף˵״̬ȫи·ĻٶȼûʱϢᵢƸԭ
֪ڤӻȡʲôֶζԸԼҪԼòУٽħӣħУӰȫ
һͬСͬʱڤȴѾصħʼ硣
ڤʥڤħ֮УʮӴҴҵĸħһɫԾţղǽӵ˽ټټǴ·򲻻´
ЩῡܣħʼһῡеٮٮߣһʮˣΪ޾֮һ
ʮӣڤħڤӱ
μ
ڤɫۣȫڳ֮Сһ֣һöָɵ޾С
½磬Ҫȥһ½һˣɱ
ڤһ˵Щῡܶ΢΢һʲôˣȻ½磬һҪڤʦڵԣ˽ټ
ǲ⣬ΪʲôڤӲԶ֣ҪһȺȥ
Ϊʵɲ⣬ǼҲǶ֣󣬲Ҫ֣óҸǵĽָ󣬱ɻɱ
ڤһ˵ڳῡһܲڣʮ˼ȻǱ˵Ķ֣
ڤӸ˵һһڹ⽫˾һ̣Ǳڤʥͨ½ĴС
ڤʥأȻҲִ
ȼգһ̣ڤӴʮƿգֱ½ȥ
һ˲䣬ڤӵĳҲ𣬾һƳɲǣ޾俴ڤӵۣһ˲ɫ԰ףԼ۾
ڤӵۣ󴦱նˣѪѾֹסĿѵİ׹ǣڤӵֲˣ
ô᣿
޾ȫסˣ˭նʦ֣
ʶҪʣǴڤɭĿ⣬ӣûٿˡ


1357 ޾½
ڤӵĻ޾ڵӺɵڵλ档
½λϡƽԪڤʥصǶȫĸоһɲ֮䣬ͱǿʮ
½ķԼ
ԣҿ׷գƽǧɽ
ǿķ򣬾صļߵϣͬ似򣬷ӳᱻһЩ
½磬˴һ˵һᡣ
ˣҸǵƷҵһ˿ֻ꣬̽ǣҵĿ꣬еķֻѾס˵Ϣ
ڤӶ½磬ߵĸ֪ľԶö࣬ڤԶ֣ø֪ҵɡ
֪У̶ȡڤеļѰңȻԶԶﲻڤѰҵĳ̶ȣֻҪҵĴѰҲֻʱˡ
ǿռƵһ鱦Զ̾ٴʱգǿƬλ˲ƣܿͻ׷ˣмǣҵǲҪ֣óҸǵĽָɡ
ڤ˵ţֽóһ͵ķ
ڤʥصĵ໥һۣЩ˭Ϊڤʦڣһ˵ʮ˼С
ʦǵҪɱ˭޾̲סʵ
ڤӿ޾һۣһһٵ˵ɱ

֣޾Ȼһ̲סһڿˮῡҲǷ׷״סˡ
ȻҪɱ
Ļɱʮ˻ǺȻԴ󣬵ҲԴΪܹĳ̶ȣѾﵽڵļˣ
ǾȻҪɱ
Щ˾﷢飬ǲɵӣȻôĺȻ칬ӣȴٰĵһѡţɱһ̶Ǵ
ڤȻµӵĹ˼ɣ˵֮ǰն֣δܻɱѾռ籩֮УѾˣǵĽָɱѡ
¹ش󣬳ɹɱ֮һħԣй¶䣬ȻҲΪǳܵķնһóԴǣϵĻԵܣҲԸǣǽõĺô˵Ϊǳɾʥ۷ûģ벽пܣ޾ֻҪ䣬سɽ
ڤ׳Լڳῡܶ˷ȷʵһԵ
޾оâս˫ȭ
ĳǣȻΪʣѾûΪǸ޾ܸǳ裬ǶΪȻģڤʥصĵҲôΪ
ǾȻ޾г˲ġ
ƾʲôԼ͸ðܣڵһȻʧɫȴ죬˲֪˲
޾Ϊһ죬ĳ־ԵɱԵԼˣʲôɱĻԵԼģδĳҲԼģͷͨ飿
ߣ

һȺڤʥصῡ̤Ͽռ󣬷ǣǴԽǱϵʱûκֱӴ˹ȥ
һĻڤӷ֮ǰĲȻֻǸߣûӰ졣
һɱİվʹ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ֮޾˱ҵɽķ棬ֱʮľ޴ӴʱѾע˴ҽ̹˱ˡ
ҵﲢѣΪӿռͨг󣬴˺ƴĿռɽ˷ԲǧﷶΧĿռ֮
ֿռ֮½еġ
ʦ֣ռ籩ĲӦþｵ䣬һ⵽˿ռ籩ķɡ
ʦ֮ǰն֣ܻѾܲˣ϶ˣ˵ǲҪʦĽָܻɱˡ
ҪУʨӲȫֶμ࣬ɱѣҵĻǰʦķԸóָ
޾ָϵĽָóڤӸ
ɫ̣޹⣬ֻƬ̣޾ҵ뿪ķ
Ϸ򣬴һﵽ
Ҳֻģĸ֪ѰҪԼ
ʮˣ̤Ͽռһţֿռ齢Ĳͬⷢ̾ռԾ齢ҪʱķлֻܽгմŲơ
ʱ￪⣬һӷڿмɣһֻϣĿӭ洵Ŀ磬ȫ˿״̬ץһʱָԼơ
ղţͨһδ;һ򲻻ôԶ
ҵˣŻָ߰˳ɣһǵ͹ҵ֮ҵѪ֮ǿѪɱԭҲԽԽѪɱԭͨ΢һ£ȫʢ״̬ħӡ
ţʱķϣȭ˵СֵܣɹǰǧɽͲൽѪɱԭˣǾڴ˷ֱɡ
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СֵȤҷƹͣҷƹ죬񺣺ΪҲʥħ½ǰĸ֣СֵӢţʱҲСֵһͶԵΪʦͽҲ˵ء
ƹʵĴĿȻΪ£ûĸῡܻܾΪͽܡ
ֻЦЦû˵ʱЦͻȻϡ
һɲǣоһɸ֪Լ
֮ǰһֱ״̬´Ϣ֪ڷԲﷶΧûвǧԼ
ˣԷԿ쵽˼ٶ׷һգ۾ܿԽ룬߹⼸ǧ룬òʮϢʱ䣡
ٶȣ½߲ܾУǱض
һġ
һʮˡ
ɻԪػǾڤ֮ƿģҲ˵ʮӦöڣܴﵽٶȣӦз֧֡
һ֧飬ɱԼ
ǵʲô
ֵܣôˣ
ʵ
ˣ߰ɣᱻǣȥ
ʲôˣСֵܵ鷳鷳һ·ϣСֵҲͶԵСֵܾǶңȻ츳Уȴһǧ꣬ʵǿùȥġЦ˵ô˵һԸˬĸͶԵڶҲҪǣ£ύ֮ģڷƹ˲ţպĳɾͶȻ󣬽ˣô̫ˡ
ĻֻܿЦˣѾˡ
˵䣬ΧĿռҵĲ


1358 ħ֮
ʲôˣ
ûӦʱֻоΧռ֮ȻâʮˣͬһȻ֣
Ǽ˺˲ƶģڴ֮ǰû˿ף
˭
һɷͬСɣСӵҲǳ׾ʮˣôͻȻð֮ǰȫ֪ôٵģǵʲôֶΣôܣ
ʮˣȫͳһŷΣؿͳһĻռǣȻǳһš
ȻԼСĿɿڴǣЩˣȻ񺣺ΪһϢ嫵Ĵ󺣣ޱʵֱӡУǷƹʣûֲƣ
һ໥Ӵʱ򣬱˴˶Ǹ֣ټѹƣȻöԷʲôµģ½磬ǾͲһˣ½編ԼǿߵϢѾǿʢˣЩûпΣʮ񺣺ڸһγ˿ֲѹ
⡭⡭
۾ɵùԲ񺣺ʥħ½Ƿëǣڣһʮ˼ǣЩȫǳᣬ磬ôܻһ˶񺣺ڸ֣
ҡΰɡ
һڿˮ츳Ѿܺˣᣬ̤أδǰ;֮ǰɾѾˣǸЩһȡ
޾ˣûһۣӣǱģӣ͵ǿһ㣬޾Щ½ƽͬϣܼǽǼĻԵ
޾ֻǿĿдһ˿һ˿־壬һ˿˷ܺͼ
Ϊ־Ļ£˷ܺͼ˵ˣֻҪɱһоˣ
ּˡ
޾һһٵ˵
һ˵˶γѣˣղ˵ˣߣᱻǣȥ
һ仰ǰʮ˵ģ
ҺȻһҪȥѪɱԭˣѪɱԭԭͽô
Ϊʥħ½ĸ߲㣬ʥħ½ѪɱԭԭĴ£֪ܲѪɱԭԭޱأǻɱԭѪɱԭԭһħ񺣸ֲųΪѪɱԭԭģӳΪѪɱԭԭ֮޹ʧ٣úܶҪѪɱԭϵԼῡܵĴǸҲ·
òѪɱԭԭɣôôһȺˣⲻˣ
ͷʱĬĬĳǹǹֱָ޾ڤӻͨҵҰ
ıɣ޾УȴСѹ
Ȼ޾һʼͱֵгʵҲ﷢ëһֱС̽Ȼ̽ǣˣԶеôء
һƣ޾ڤӸǵĵƣʵ̫أһֵ̫ͣòСġ
ߣΪӵϼǾκβˣļգɱ֮һȫռӵеĻԵȡ㣬ɾ𣡡
޾˵䣬·Ϊ˸ԼƣȫȻһɲǣͬҹ٣Ƭգ˿ֲѹ֮£ռ䶼ڲ
⡭
ˡ˺󡭡
æôֲˣֱͬħѾǵⷶˣ
Ҳ԰ףĿ˾η
ӸղǵĻУ²ܿǴӴ˵еٵģЩ׷ɱĺˣȻҲҲֻſܽΪʲôһ˲ðôǿߡ
һ䡰ΪӵϼǾκβˡǰʾܾܿķߣ
ôֲķ
޾ƣûаָоŤתѪǹǹˣ΢΢𣬡ǼôڤӲɣʲôƳóûˣ
˵䣬а֮Ȼһǹ̳쵽˼£
ǵĿռ䣬ܳĹһǹ÷ԲǧɷΧճִ̮ǰ˿Ǳʱշ籩֮УֱӾͻǡ
󣡡
޾ͫڼڤӽָͬʱʮڤʥῡɲǼʮʮ˳ϰ󷨣һɣɲʮ˵ô򵥡
ȻĹʵֲ̫һǹ̳ͬʱѾֳа֮Ӱа֮޾֮䣬·ܴλǹ֮ϣХ֮٣׻֮֯ɳ϶ɫ
䣡
͵ıըʧɫĩհ龰޾ʮڤʥصֲµʮ󣬱һñ鿪ʮ嵹ɳȥɫ԰ס
ʮ֣ɱһ
ǿ籩ϯ˷ԲǧﷶΧأɽӶΪƽأ
һĻСӳԱȫͣþòܺϡ
ǾĲǧɽӱΪƽأǾʮ񺣺ھɵս󣬾Ȼһʮˣȫˣ
ôֲʵ
ǸһֱͬУ࿡㣬ͺǸ
һôֲ
ڤʥصӣУӿֳһкͿ־УԭǿεĶԾԼĲ࣬ڤӲϵǿʮҲȫĶ֣ȻԼҲôΪǲԣǲڣǲĸоĲࡣ
ʮֽɴ󣬶ڱɱԹȥ³ŲʮϢʱ䣬ǾͻֻһȱһǣǾһˮȫûз֮ˡ
㹻ݣϧҲûã죬עҪһжΪ£
޾ĴţȻӳеĽָöָڿը飬һڴѹǵصһ̣֮гһնϵơ
ȾѪûȾѪĵطȴĹ֣Ѫⶼ͸ģȻǱնˣȴ̺Ѫڻ䶯ţ·ŵһ㡣
޾ûʲô⣬Ϳڤӵֲˣ޾ڤΪһĴδҲΪǸ𣬷򲻻˶ֻ֣Լġ
ֻ֣еϢҲµˡ
ٺһЦڤӻƵңȻԶһ֣ɱҡ
ԪµĽȻܷס½磬ȴסܵķֻҪǽΪѹ¾ˡ
򵱳Ҳܽǣֻڵɵˡ
ԭڤȫԺķΪһƷ½׷ɱڤΪⲻա
ֶ̫࣬ǿΪķ²ԻɱԣԶһ֣Ѫ⣬


1359 Σ
Զһ֣Σ˾ԪڤΪɱңѪ
ЦţԺȴѸ˼ԿһٵĲԣڤӲǰ׳գ෴һ¶µˡ
ʨӲȫڤӼȻԶһ½磬лɱԼİգҲ߰˷ֵİա
ɱ㣬ʦȻջֻ֣ĵر½ϣʧһ㾫Ԫж٣
޾Ц˵
˵ʧĳһ֣øĵرֲ³ǳ壬ȴԶԭǿ
Ԫϵĸ֣ÿһȻô᲻ɴݣҲǾþԪԪϴΣ塣
ʧ壬ѪҪɱ壬ҪĴ̣һֻ֣ڤӱҪջȥΪʧܴ
ڤӵѪ⣬вϵ䶯·һҪһ̥һ㡣
̥ĳɣԪ۶γ˿ֲķ籩
ͷҲأԪ߰ɣҲһ
˻ǰһЩæģû취ô·ͬʱָܴƣһֱصĵص͵˵ĻǾ͸Σˣ޾ʱ˻ء
ȫ޹أϣǾ
⣬޾սĵصҲԭʼҰ򶷣ҲõͿ̿
ǿߣ
Ҳʶˣԭ£ύǵС˼ɢעֻʥħ½һͣܿͻ뿪
ֵĴսǵȻʶһ£ǱȥǾֵ̫ˡ
ڤӵƣֻ˼ϢʱͳɳΪڼһֱػҪʱ򹥻ҲдЧ
ڤӣȫһ㱡ճҺûĺɫۣƯڿУ˫ĿһƬڤӵķҲ̳ڤӵһƷֻꡣ

ڤĮһͷȫƮһķɢʹôʱͬһħ񣬶ڵƬ򣬷·ġ
ڤӣֻĻԪڲϧԪԶһ֣׷ɱҵ𣿡
ڤΪβϧһд۵׷ɱѾ˲²⣬ⶨȻǻԪĹϵԪȻ󣬵ڤ˵ҲǷǵõɵҩοԪѾˡ
̽ôڤӵķ¶һ˿԰׵ЦݣѾµһЩˡûвµҶκⷢҪ
𣿹ȻǺʥ塣֮һ𡢺˷֣㽫֮أԣŻ˽ţžһй¶ϢĿܣֻһ㡣
Ȼڤû˵ʲôѾ϶ԼĲ²⡣
㵹Ǵ
ڤҲûϣʵѾסˣڤ˵˵ֻҪǺ˵ʬ彻Ȼܼ
˵λǻڤӣԶ׼Ҳ˵ֻҪŻصڤӾˡ
޾ˣڤӵĻȫסˡ
ʵ˾˵ʲôҲǱڤӶԻе˼ƺڤһ££Ǳ壬ᱻ׷ɱ
ȻڤɱԭҲһʼô򵥡
޾ʮ˱˴˶һۣӶԷпһ˿־͵ǣСϺף޴֮Уͷʣ£ңڤʥȻħţҲϾ࣬Ļ
޾˶﷢飡
ѾڤӵĴˣڤӵ³֪
ڤƺ޾ǣֻǿֽаγĺɫһͼΪŹ֣һȴа˳߳ȷѪǹҲû̶٣񻰴˵еƹ̷֮ܵ
ˡġ
ڤһ仰˵꣬Ȼɳһն½գ綹һ㱻пΪԪµػ֮ڤӷΪҲֻά񺣺۷壬ٽһᱻԼ
Ҳ˵ڤӵķӵһԷ⣬ӵд壬ʹõģȴֻ񺣺ڵΪ
Ѿ㹻ֲ
ٴУһ̣󣬵ŭţа֮ӰҲֳԼһ˲䱬£
þ
а̺֮׻֮ӿн㣬γɿ籩ԥȫ
¡¡
֮Уֱ£ڤӵĽײһ
ֲıըϯգڤֻһЦۻӳŨصĺڰͬҹħ٣һƬȫˡ
ޱȵĺڰ׻֮þɢںڰ֮䡣
ڤӵĺڰԴķ򾳽սȻռݺܴơ

ǹâ飬嵹ɳȥѪӿղŵĹ˵ˣȻӰսȴѾȷڤӵĲࡣ
һսǳ֣
ԱʱεķֻתΪ̥֮ԣ䱻棬򾳽൱
ڵڤӵȫͬ
ϴķΪҲһС磬ȥɡ

ڤϣƺħɢЩħγĶħ˷Բʮա
ڤӵħ
һħսΧһƬռȫˣȻڤӲΪдԼѵı죬ǿħ򣬽һƬռ䣬ȫžκ΢Сѿܡ
ĩյˣΪʩչħ򣬻ȻҲƿҲģͼƿħһɲǣұն׼
ڤ˵䣬ɫǰ֮ϣħɭɭڤӵʵȷʵ԰쵽Ҫƿħ򣬾޷ֵڤӱ˵ĹƲͱڤӼֱ֣
սѪǹ΢΢ߺȴޱ侲
ٵһΣ
¡¡
ſֲĺ죬ڤӵͷһ޴ıƾճ֣תš
ǵڤ֣ܷʥصĻĺ鱦ܵõҲڤӵĴԵ֮һ
ڤΪȻԴ߶߶ֻͶӰȻͶӰȴҲΪˡ
ڤ˲ǧٵӡĺɲǼ䣬оΧĿռȫסˣȫûܵĿռ䡣
ͬʱڤȴͬħһ㽵٣г
ͫû취ܣֻӲɲǼ佫Ŷݼ׿£ĻԪҲֳ
ڤӵһûκֵĿܡ
ԪƴԪ籩һǹ̳ͬþ֮ҲޱĹעһ֮С
ͬһǹâӭڤӵһ
ڰ㣡


1360 ȼ
ǹâ뽣âһɲǣʧɫ޹⣬͵ط·һԾ޴УȻȥγ˷Բʮľ޴ӣǰҽӿѵɽͬɳһ㱻ƽ
ڵľǿߣȷе˵ǿߣ½λ潻ɵĿֲ
ʵȻ޷һ򣬵һϵ飬Ҳֻʱѣ
ĳϯǧﷶΧɢΣر˺ˣӿҽǴѪһ㣬Ŀġ
紵ڤԣİ˳߳ϣȾһĨѪѪġ
ָƽ۽棬һѪĨĴָָ⣬ˣһ̣ڤӲ԰׵Ѫɺ죬졣
ŷѪǹھڤʮ￪⣬ղſֲײУұֱӹۣ֮⣬ҼҲڤӽⶴ¶棬ѪŷѪǹȥһѵĺɫСߡ
ڤնһֻƣֹһƷֻķʵղŵײұѳ࣡
ôȥɣ

ԺУĽܷѩжڵﲻʲôæܡ
ڤӣĳˣȻһαڤӱ˾ĽܷѩԼѾһˣںܿ
һĽܷѩȫ޷򶨣ָ΢΢Ĳţʧ̬Ǻ£ʹޣ
ڤӼȵʹޣ
㻹а취𣿡
Ľܷѩǿѹ˵
ûʲôð취ֻƴ
ڤӶϣħ֮Уȷʵ˾·ղŵײΪڤȫ֣ħȷʵɲǼ˺ѣʱҲûа취ֹ
ײһ޵ƯΧһ㽫ס
ۺɿռ仹οռ䶼걬ħ򣬵ǹؼΪĲ࣬޷ѹڤӡ
ڤӻ꣬ʮֻ꣬б˵ٷ֮һ˵ķ߶ȣôпɱԣ
ʮľ룬ڤ
ߵúһ̤ȴһԶֻҪʮͻߵǰ
ţµĳţֻڤ̤ƷǡĽŲ
һԻˡ
ܻ
ĽܷѩƽڤӣĿһâͻȻ˵Щ꣬ҵѾָ࣬ͨ칬ҲħϵԽԽܣǿԳһΣִ߶ħܴ߶ħȻսʤڤӣ
Ľܷѩ˵ţҪ߶ħԸڤӡ
ħǱ߶ħ
һʱҲֻһħ깥ܴ߶ħȻܴݻڤڷеһƷֻֻ꣬ҪݻƷֻ꣬ڤӵķֻһûзû˼룬Ϊ塣
ҪӦҪַƴˡ
ǻߣȴȻĽܷѩ
칬еȷʵħϵӽܣ֪ԼֱӴ߶ħɱУԶ
Ľܷѩ˵ġִ߶ħʵֻһӣ˵ףĽܷѩҪƾһ˵߶ħ
ܷʥػʱĽܷѩȫ߶ħѾ˲ʹĴۣǻȫʢʱڣڣĽܷѩڵ״̬߶ħķֻһǾǳȼԼ꣬Ĵۣһι
ҪģԸٲҲĽܷѩ
㻹ʲôǵĻֻһˣڤӵһ˵ĸأʱɱڤӣҲ;ƿݣʱ޾Щ˶򲻹
ĽܷѩЩ
˵ĽһڣǽҶҲ㵲ǰˣȡҵ̤۷壬һ׷󣬵Ǽ۷壬ҲԶĽҪ
ͻȻ˵ⷬĽܷѩסˣû뵽վǿĴ㣬ȷʵһʼûдҪȼ꣬߶ħڤӵķͬھͻȻ˵ĻĽܷѩĵطĪıһ£֪ΪΣһᣬһξӨȻ䡣
㣬ôˣ
ħռУԭ˯СƺӦʲô۾Ľܷѩ۽ǻΡ
ɲ֪ʲôСãȻĿĽܷѩ֣һΡᡱȥ
۾ᣬѹҲ٣Ϸ
ᣬֻĵ£ʹ£ֻߡ鱻
ĽܷѩСԴû£ԺҪĻ
˵䣬Ľܷѩ彥Ưһ̣忪ʼ⣬ӨɫâĽܷѩ£ͬһҫۡ
ȼ꣡
Ľ㣡
д󼱡
֪ǰۿܷʥǰֹڤӣܷʥأʱ˵ҪĶҪڤӻ㣬ڣҪģҾݡ
Ľܷѩ˵䣬ϵħ֮УѾоħļ¶ҪɳԼˣ
ľģҲҵԣȥҼҲûκ壡Ľܷѩޱȼᶨ
ħļ¶ԽԽǿңʵħûˣΪ桰񡱵Ľᾧ˸޷ȫٿ۶ħĲٿʵĽܷѩҪǿһЩ
Ľܷѩʼȼһɲǣоһ˺ѷ״ʹ֮࣡У·ʲôըˣ
Ľܷѩȥȼ꣬ĽܷѩֻʣˣһȼգĻҷȲˣ
һ̣һ޷ݿ֮ȼ
Ԫ֮УԭֻĻԪӣˣ
ڤӣȥ
ֻоһӴ籡йԼҪը

ѪܱѣȫѪȫעѪǹ֮УѪǹ˷ܵ·һǹоѣ
ȥ㱣ңȴػˡ
ΣҲῴȼ꣬Ϊȥ
͸֧ȫҲҪڤӣ
һ̣·ԶȥģֻԼź
Ѫȼգ
һھѪޱȼ
ɵľѪȼգ
״ͨأҲԾܲסľѪģ
㣡
ĽܷѩĶһȼɾѪʲôĺ
ȷʵ˺ˣֹħֻܻڤӣ
ȼɾѪΪۣһ
ر֮֮ռ֮ʱ֮ȫ۵ǹâ֮Уһ̣ʽʧȥ壬ȼǿһ
ʲô㾹Ȼ
ԭѾȫƿؾ棬һжгڤӣͻȻֲĹҲǱɫ
ֻأ򷨼Ψħ䣡
ڤ˫ڿ黭ƣǰһɫת֣ת֮ϣ̻˳ǧķ׭ÿһ׭·ӡһ磬ǧķ׭ӡ˳ǧ硣
ơħ
ڤӣóħʼ۵䣡
꣬ڤħʼ칬ħҲѧħʼͬһ䣬ڤʩչȴСħǿ̫ˡ
ħҪ˵ĹЩħٴȥ˵С
ħħĹ״̬
СħУħ籡ֻγУڤӣȴݻħ̡֮
һ˲䣬ĳǹصײħ֮ϣµâ⼤䣬գ˺˴أ
µıըֱڤӵħ򳹵ױ٣
ۣ
ħ򱻻ٵһ˲䣬ڤȷʵ⵽˼ķɣѪ
ſнѪڤӲԼ۾ȻΪӵдԼķ
ǣ
ϧȼһ뾫Ѫһ֮£ħ֮Ҳƣ
ʲô
ڤһȻˣȻȴˡ
ѪǹͬһŭĲħֱ̣֮ڤӵࡣ
Ϊܻɱң
ڤӴһȻһǹâ
䣡
ǹââײһɲǷ·ʧڤֻоһɾϮгɣȫѲ֪ٴһѪӿʺա
һıشˣһڵСȻƿԼͬʱԼķ
ڤ޷ţ
֮⣬Ŀһ޾ˣĪҲû뵽Ȼǿ̶ֳȣʦԳ֣ش
޾ЩʱͻȻǰһһӰͬ˲һĳǰ
ˣȫȾѪͬѪޣ
֡
޾彩ͣʱֻؿȻһʹ鲻Խĵͷֻ֣ѾԼأץסࡣ


1361 ħ

޾ţֻץסСۣ۾֮ɫŨŨľ֣޾ֺͽŶڶ౻סʱĸоֱ޷ݡ
ǿµģ۶˭˵ˣ޾ǰ;޵ῡܡ
Ϊʲô
޾ðѪ벻ףشڤ֮ûгʤ׷ȴɱԼ
ۣ
ȻֳѪ䣬һ̣޾࣬ѾƵ飬޾ȻһҰһƬģ
ֻһɲǣжһöָ޾ֽ䡣
磡
ָб飬ķҩɢһӣһ֮õһ͵ķ
ڤӴ͸޾Ŀռ󣬿̾˲ƵĿռ䷨ȻռûκιƷܸߣһ鱦޾ʱǿ׷
˵·Աֱӷп౶
ڣˣȼһ뾫ѪûпռҪ졣
ԭҪ
޾˫ĿնĿеĿռҰԽԽģеӿеһ˲䣬Ҫץסʲô·𲻸ľô䣬˵䡭
ҪԸ˵㲻˵ô֪
޾ԺĪĻͷصˤһ齹ڵϣѪɽ
һգ۵ֱͣηֱĨȥ޾ڿռеľӡǣԿռ䷨߶˲գ
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ڣڤӱشɾѪȼյôһ㣬ֻһ£Ǿӣ
شڤӣҲܶԸ˵ģȥϢʱ䣬ѪȼյһȴΨһ;
ʱʧĵطȫѪưܣʣ಻ɵڤֳֳƯ
ղǲǸ£ȼվѪ״̬ڤӲǶ֡
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ʣʮһڤʥصӣ״̬ڤӶɫղǳں£ûǺڤɱйߣڵڤӸ˵ĸоȵΣգһͷ˱ŭʧȥԵҰޡ
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ǰڤֻһǿߵķȻȴһ㣬Ǿǡӵе޵ġ
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ˣˣҲָǿ߷ʣܲ࣬һʹõġ
һʹóҲʱ޵ģֻҪţʱ޿̲Ҳעˣܿ׷ֻʣȫ˵ڤӷԽԽճ
Ҫ׷̸ף
ռڤӱ˵ȻǼһĶûдô½磬ڤӷֻΪȫʢʱڣǿռͬٶȣҪ׷ϿռȻǲˡ
һڤӷɢָʮһȥѰǸʵһյɾѪεˣ֮޷ָԪصӰδĳɾͣҲԣ
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ʶЩЩڤʥصĵ£εжҪʧˣڤӷܵشҲᷴӳڤӱϣջ߷ʱΪɱҪܵһЩʧ
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·һޱȵڳ˶ΪܸߵߣͲ
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ڤޱ飬ɱͻȻ·ƽϢŭ
޾֪ΪʲôǴŽָô
ڤͻȻʵ޾ʱʶģ˼ȴǱһ
ڤΪʲôǴķǣ
ʵڤӵķȫԼǵġ
ԭЩΪڤӦΪ˽ʡʹʱ䣬·Ѱ֮Ĺɣڤֻս
ڤӵ˼
ȡҡ޾ƺѾڤӵĻˣֻãȻ֣Ҫץסڤӣͷ·ˮˣץסһݡ
ûд֮ԪתԪָԼưˣҲ޷޸ɱҺ⣬һⷢڣұҪһЩֳɵѪֳ֮ɵԼԾʹǡ
ڤӲ˵ⷬ·ֻǴȥԷǰȻ仰˶Уȴ˲׹ѣֽű
ڤӣҪǵʳ
ǣΪʳģ
ʦ𡭡ҡ
޾촽԰ף˵仰ʱĴѾȫҡ
ڤ΢΢һЦһ
ۣ
һֻ֣ô޾ؿڣץס޾Ѿ࣡
ʦʦ𡭡
ٴץס࣬޾ʶģҲ˷Ӧ۾һ˿ãȻ
޾ӣΪȥ֮ʱϣΪ֮ѪҪúã
ҶڡҰɣ
ڤ˵ţȻһɫУɫн޾У
ħ
ڤóħʼ䣬ձ˵ΪԼá
޾ʱޱȣκηеѪ⾫ȫڤӿ
ڤӵѸٵǿ޾ȴѸţ˫ĿûҰףݣͷѸٸɿݣƤһ𣬷·𽫷ǧᵽĹѹһ˲䣡
ڤӵѪõҲԭĽʣɣĳˣ
ڤʥصӿһĻȫµ÷ڤӵĻʵ̫أڤҪɱǣҪɱȦļѼһ㣬Ѽʲô֮
ֿӣ
һӴ󺰵γѣӣһ
ӵõô
ڤһ̣ɭɭħΧȫڤӵ򡪡ħ

ЩڤʥصĵƴĹħ򣬵ǸԺ
ƴˣ
һӺתɱڤӣ


1362 Ѫɱԭ
ӼҲҧ֣һӴͷʱƴڤӳ
ڤǷһ˿ЦȷʵˣǼֻʣĳɵʵҲȫʢ״̬࣬ЩڤʥܹԸ˵ģ
䣡
ǰĵȻһ٣ȫڤӵѹˣ
ڤһһץס˵顣
ħ
ɫâῡܵѪڤֱˣ
ʦ
ԭڤЩӾȫûпֿʵôԶȫֱӹġ
ڤɫĮ֪̫ˣȻħԼǣǲĳЩסѻ꣬ʱҵȻᱩ¶ˣǰȥƴǵļˡ
ڤ˵䣬˫黭һ̣ħݻ̣һӣɫҰܣСĸȫ
ȻʲôӦı䲻˱ɱĽ֡
һڤʥصĵӣɣɾѪڤգڤӵʵڿǿ
һʵĲҽУʹİ쳹֮УƬ̣ʮȫڤյˣ
ʮһţڷ
ЩʧڤӸں
Դ˵󱲣Ϊ˼ŵϣǽһûʱܽŷ
ڤ˵󱲣ֻΪ˸£ӣڹؼʱܹõϣļƻ
ڣЩ󱲵ʱˣ
ͬǽʥأĲΪڤӵҰļҪɾѰ֮·ڤʥأҲֻΪڤҰĵĹ߶ѣҪʱڤʥضˣʲô
յʮӺڤӵֻˣһʼս֮ǰʱ˿
෴ȴѾȼһľѪˣ˳֮£ԣ

ݣ
ҫ۵⴩գÿһ˸Խİľ롣
һһεĴ󣬲֪ڶٴΣд֮ǰһƬçѪɫƽԭ
ĺƣʹƽԭϿգ·ҪγѪˣһеľɫѹ֣ƬƽԭѪɱԭ
ʱôֻ꣬ˣ
Ѫɱԭϵһ˲䣬ȻһΣӿռˤ
ʱıǿף䶼Ѫɫ԰ֽ

ħռУĽܷѩ۽Ǻᡣ
Ľܷѩȼɲǣ˺ѷεʹ࣬ǵȼȫԪ˲䣬Ľܷѩγʹ
һȼɾѪӰպĳɾͣʧʵ̫ˣ
ȴֺο࡭һսȼɾѪ֪δйΪһΡ
ƴһȷʵһĽܷѩһδؾάȥ
Ϊһδس־õ˲ʹĴۣеȻѹޱȡ
ǰû壬ĸգ۾֮УӨ˸
Ѫȼˣһа취ĽȼˣǾǻҷպɾҲ죡
ʱѪɫ԰ֽЦЦݿȥڼкãЦݣϳ֡
ЦݣĽܷѩһαԺʦɡ
ͼܷʥأպҲؽܷʥأĽܷѩͬţһʦ㣬Ϊ
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һҲϲĽĳƺ̫ԶĽҲûʲôɽеģܷѩ֣ûУôĽܷѩ԰ʦݳֵģУĽܷѩʼձһ𾴡
Ľܷѩ޷ͻʦģĪ˵ȼɾѪȼ߳ɾѪֻҪҲһҪɾ𣬳ɾ񣡾Ѫȼպ󣬺ѲأǾĲˡ
Ȼ˵ţĽܷѩȴ硣
ؾѪ̸ף
ߵʵԽǿѪ֮ԽʢѪԽѲء
ǸϡƽΪɵ½ߣ½ҵؾѪĵرˣȻνġĵرԴʥسľ˵ڵ϶δػ
Ҳ֮е飬½ߣ㾫Ѫȼյһβʣܷӳս
񣬶Ѫ֮ʢһģҪؾѪȴϼѣţѪӵһָҲָܻһɶѡ
Ľܷѩ˵ʲôȻȴʦ㣬˵ˣѾˣֻǺܶ飬޷Ԥϡ
˵һʱȻɫһ䡣
ڸղţоһɸ֪Լһͬƹ֮һ㣬Լϣ޷Σ
ɸ֪塢ǿ󣬲룬ֻڡڤӣ
ԭͲָһȼվѪĹܽڤӵķ𣬵Ҳû뵽ڤӾȻظô죬ѾԼ׷ɱ
ʱǳ⣬һ׷ϣ³
ڤӣ
Ľܷѩı仯µڤø֪
ڤʵʵ̫ǿطסһ˵Ϣ֮أа취׷Ѱ
ܹη̥ǣıϢĳ̶ȣĻԶԶ
ߣ
һδ߶ռգ
Ӱʧ˽һĹԭվĵطձ˺ɫ۵ڤӻ
ķȻֻΪȴѾԲκη½λпռ䴩󣬱ĿռһҲڤڿռ䷨ϵ֮ȻΪУȴ̳ڱ
Ƭƽԭ
ڤӶ½ŲûеһʱС
ѪɱԭĹŹ֣һ۾Ϳˣ˵ֵطͲӦô½λ棬뵽ΧֲõĻɫϱڣǾͿˡ
ѵǲ֪ĸֻ᲼һϱڱǣΪƬɫƽԭƬƽԭϢƺһΪϢ
ڤţܵûѪɱԭġ
ʥħ½ѪɱԭǸߵĽУʱû£պǾͻĪĲ£
һβʲôǵʥħ½ĺܶ񺣸֣ħۡ۸֣̱Ѫɱԭ֮󣬸ߣҲҽѪɱԭˡ
Ѫɱԭͨߵľ
ɺߣͨɾʮħҲᱻѪɱԭ䡣
Ӧòǿʩչģｻ֣һʩչսನƬ򣬵Ϊ֮أǿµ䣬ʱ꣬ʮ꣬ӰƬأ޷ɢȥ
ڤӷ̳˱ľ飬ܿͷѪɱԭγɵԭ
꽻ֵܿ𣬲ǵսನɢҲʱŶɢ


1363 ħ
ڤѪɱԭ֮ǰĬӵʱ䣬Ѫɱԭ
µ䣬²ǿ£ʮǰսನҲҪСӦ
ȻڤֻһѪɱԭҲǷܣûܱ֮ܿҲһѪɱԭ֮Ҫµʱ䣬ܷá
طѵΪʲôܣƬɫƽԭ½ɳΪһŵԭ򣿡
ڤвɱĲ룬ԽԽã֮ˣ˭뵽һ½λ棬Ȼľܣ
ԭΪһɷǣû뵽Ҳҵĸǣû㣬ô֪ӵеĻԵϧˣڣʲôܣҵˣ
ڤӴЦţٶȻӿ죬һѪɱԭ

ʱѪɱԭʮ֮ͨһļ
ڼĲ㣬һݻĴ֮У߰˸۵ΧԲǰһѡ
һͨˣΪ֮¾ˣЩͨţεɱλá
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µĴݹѪɱԭʷδˣ
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дڱչǱޣдħӣ˵գշġ
˵һԿԿ϶ԭʥħ½µ֮һ
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һѡκһͨ˵һ£Ƕڵȴżվ
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Ŀôҷ
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üͷһ壬ħޱȣȻʵ½߸ûκοɱԣԼ״̬緢ħӣᷢʲôԤϣ
󣡡
ԥ˵ħ緢ΣգҲԼ׷ڤӣɣ
áõġ
ĵͷæħӵĴ
зѪɷֱ
ڴһ˲䣬һڼ𣬡ܿͻǿ߸ǲĻ͸Ͻ뿪һɣ
Ȼһ֪˵˭Ȼ˼˻ﲢ¡
ţڤӻֱӳڴû˵ĻڤȻеûȥҲˣ׷Լ
Ӱʧ˲䣬ָⵯһӡӡ׻֮ɣڴϺ󣬹һֱӱը󳹵׻
ħӾʮͨ·ôҲа취ȥֻǺ鷳ɲָסڤˣԾͨռ䷨ڤ˵ǱֻǵһЩʱˡ
Ķüһ֪ʲô飬Ļæ뿪һ㡣
Źӵʱ䣬ͼʧĿռ䣬ڹһռ䱻˺ѿһµڤӳ
ѾĴǷһ˿Ц


1364 緢ħ
ԭܾ
׷ѰŴϢڤӿԿ϶ڶ˵
Ҳ˵һѪɫƽԭ̺һżż֮жȻĳ־ܣпǸΧýйء
ڤӸӵ˴ľٶΧĽ磬ԼѪɱԭе֮ǽݵİ˾Ųʮˡ
أҲӲҵ׷ҾͿеʲôܣ
ڤһգӲĸݴ򿪿ռͨȥ

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ΧһƬŨĺڰڰƯűĻнеĵǹ⣬ҲסǷ޷ͬϹ
ħӣʮʱ䣬ڻˣ
νħӣԭָֻһᴩǣ·ܴͨ½漣֮ﳤӡǿߣǵһµĺۼ
ʵϣͨħӣָΧԲ
ƬҲΣգʵǿѰûԵƽƬħӣʥħ½µһ˽УҲȥ޻أ
ħĿһ״ڶǺޣ峤ǧһοֲ֮ῡͬҳһ㱻ɡ
ĴڣҪɵ
һħӣߵǧҲǾħӷԲǧﷶΧ򣬺ųȥ޻ص
һΣħӣǳħģҪµħӵȥѰһԪµĵĴУ
;ʲôȫܿ϶ܻܲߵҲ˵׼
̤ռҪٴ˲ƣȻȴͻȻ֣ħеǳңóȻ˲ƺܿµĿռ籩ڵ״ַ̬籩ϼˣ䶼пܡ
֮ǰ˵ħڴ緢״̬ʱ緢ǽħƽ˼Σա

üͷ˿ռ󣬿ʼħķɶݣڵһʱ䶼ܵ飬˵òᣬڿռãڽ緢ڵħиٷУѹ
߿Хɫ԰ס
ķУħ֮Ȼǳۡ
𣡡
һĺУֻ߰аﶸȻӵɱ
аɷɣħٽ緢״̬ɷԽԽֲҲЩаԽԽǿ
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緢ڵħӣʥħ½˵һأ
ѪǹɨЩаȫ˲ɱ
ֲͣһ⣬ƿ
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ȫʢ״̬Щģ⿿šź֮Ϳֲڣ״̬ǳ⡣
ѪĶ
һĻĽܷѩʹޱȡ
˫Уӵħ֮Уָħӵ緢ڣ
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ĽܷѩĬĬĽע壬Ḻ
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Խǿߣ˾ԽֲȥĽܷѩӳ˯ѣ˴Ѫǹѹɴ˿ɼһߡ
ʦ㣬𶯣
ִķԼ磬ܾĽܷѩС
Ľܷѩд󼱣˸𣿡
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˵ֻǳĬţУ
аʬ顢ֵǰֻһ·նɱ
ɱйҲ͸֧
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ϵħӣϵɱ¾һֱǧǰһǧħӡ
룬ѾɢȥĿԶѾܿңԶߣһƬɫĻȼգأǺ֮ϣƺǹǺɫһͬӴ䣡
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ʱͻȻܵһɿֲɱԼٴα֪ұǰǿҵö࣡
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ڤӵٶȣΪռ֮Ҷ˲ƣҲҪ
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ղһ·㲻ϧ͸֧ϼˣľѪ˰ɣôȥġ
ĽܷѩоԼĶ·ͿˣԼûа취
ڤӵɱٱƽûеһʱǧͣ
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ԭ뷨ǽħ֮Уħδ֪ӻԼõĻпڤ档
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ΪŮɢϣʬɷܿı
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ŮĹ롭
Ľܷѩ˵䣬Ѿǧһǧʱаħ˹֮ǰаħǿ
ҧأŶݼ뿪һ·ƴɱ


1365 ĹӰ
ǧŮĹһ·ϲ֪ɱ˶аħ
ЩаħҪǧܼ֮ʮֹʵҲҪǿ
䣡
׻֮ХаħȺгɱʮаħճɷɻңģҲɢӴˡ
аħҲǻۣ֪ǣǻӡ
ʱȫѪϱ׶ദ飬;ƿˡ
ʱǰһڵʯɽ
ʯɽϹͺͺһƬݲ
ʯɽΧɢһɿռ䲨Ҳζʯɽ֮ж졣
ˡ
ǴŮĹڣʯɽͺͺûʲôر𣬵ʵֳɵͨĹЩûʲôǻ۵ʬɷѰҵĹڡ
۾֪һܿͷڡ
һƬʯڣֻ֪Ǵˡ
׼ʯǽһ̤һֻ̣оԼ·𴩹һˮɵĴţ̤һƬŤĿռϱڣҰȻʡ
˵ŮĹɽ˺ĳϵͨ绯ʯڣһеһУһµζ
ɽ֮УĿʯףǰѾ򿪣ֻһʯףúõķţʯףɢһɺƴϢ·̫ʱ
ߵʯ֮ǰһ񣬡ǰڴ˳˯Σѣеˡ
ĬĬ˵仰ƿʯס
ʯеŮɺúõ
ȫ⣬·֬ɣ֮Եľ
ɫ׷ɢʯ֮УͬɫĺˣϵļƣĿƤµѪܣԸоЩѪ·ѪҺš
ʼŮΧϸ̽飬˭ҲỳɣŮֻ˯ˣһͿ
һŮӣ·Ǻҹľ飬ؾɵŮ
һ̫ʱߣ
ټŮʱʶԶǰɱȣܸоŮǿ
ԭΪŮǻԪǳҪˣʵδǿǿԪıӻά徭ʮʱ
ڣȴıԼԭ뷨
ŮͷǳǿΧһɵƺԪ۵Χʱ򣬶ľ顣
һˣʮ꣬ΧȻзĲɼԷ̶ˡ
ĽпܸŮô
ŹŮ˵ⷬ
ĽܷѩŮħ֮ǰе뷨Ҳ֪Ҫһ㣬Ҫðܴķգ
ΪŮ֮ϣӳ˻Ԫ־ԪδԸ⿴ŮĽܷѩһˡ
Ľܷѩü΢΢һŮ֮У
뷨ĽܷѩǰҲйŮһˣǿԶ۷ʱĽܷѩ
Ľܷѩ΢꣬Ůϣᷢʲô¡
ڣڤӾڿٱƽĽܷѩҲûѡֻܶһΣ
һ仰û˵ħռзɳ̬֮Ľܷѩһտĳȹɢŵ㾧ӨĹâƵ׺ˮһߣá
ĽܷѩҧݣҪͶʯ֮УʱȴһĽܷѩǰ˵ȣ
԰գתηȫ֪־궼Ͷʯ֮УĽܷѩһûŮڡ
ѡλãŮؿڡ
һֻ̣Ժһ־ȫһ־ռС
һƬ嫹ǿգ·ƴһ㡣
һƬǿ˿İʮǰΪŮĹʱƬ־ɵǿա
Ƭǿ֮УһµĴڡ
Ժͷʱǿ֮Уһһ嫵Ԫӿ
Ԫ˵ľͬХɽֱ塣
׼屻Ʒ֮ȵգ
̧ͷǰǰ֮УƺԶߣƺߵλãһʺš
ˣˣˣ
µÿһƺĹĵϣȫѪ֮·Ҫ籡
֮ģҲǻԪµ࣡
Ѿʮ꣬Ѫ磬ޱÿһ
뿪ʮ꣬һ̺˿ֲ·Ҫһֱ֮ɣʱľͷ
ǹΨҶƣ뵽˻Ԫڵ֮·µĻƺǺ˭Ϊʷ飡
Ԫǰ
ҲܻԪܲ
嫵ǿ֮УԵøռţûл
ʱܵ飬һҧǰĴ֮ķȥ
·ޱʱ䣬ַ·ֻһ˲䣬˴֮ǰһɲǣһɿ͵Ѫϯǿһж֮ģ
оΧľʱ֮Уһž޴ϣƣزçޱ޼ʣһɺ嫵ϢɢһϤϢ
ǡǣ
ĪͷӦþǣȻָڼеͬ
ʱͻȻǿձ˺ƾճһ޴ĴţǿߴӴг֣ЩǿߣһģΪ׵ļˣȫɢһϢϢħʹʥغмƣҲ˵Щпʥ塣
Щ˳֮̿ʼչ
һʱ䣬վ飬ֲǳȥΪҪһʱˣ٣ǵҲһ֮£
ʱһϱϿոֳеĹ档
ӿϱڼȻȴʼղ顣
һϵóϱܴ½ΧػϱڣԪµķ
ԪΪӪ꣬µķ󷨣̲˼顣ôǿߵĺҲûб
ʱɵУصƲ㱻˺ѿһͷ峤ǧ޴ĺų
ȫɢſֲѹ·һǳںı֮ϣվһӣĸߴֳ࣬һһɳĺɫꪣݡ
ӵһ˲䣬оӣǻԪ
ӵи֮һϢµͷħпĶǺ
ʣǰĳʮǰǵǳս
ڻԪĶ֣бʥǿߡ
ʮǰһս漰׷֮⣬漰ʥ壬ԪѾվ򶥼ⳡսˣ䣬Ϊʥļŵµġ


1366 Ѫ
սǿݣУһֳɫȨȣٿӣս֮У·ִ׽֮
׷
׷֮⣬ԪҪͬʱʥ֡
Ԫȫһ
ǼˣԪҲû¶
ʥĴܣΪʲôܹ򣿡
ие⣬˵ֻʮ֮һࡰ족֮ϱԽǿˣԽͻЩ
ôʥĸ֣νǣ
ţǰսȫʧˣǿվʣһѪɫˣˣǿͬһ죡
֪ղĲȱȫľֻеļ䡣
м䣬㣬ӦøһƲл꣡
Ժлͷ󺰵Ԫǰ
л죬ܽڤɲָ緢ħڤӶʱ䡣
Ԫǰ
һκȻûл
Ҳ´ˣʵûвлꣿ
תҲԪĲл걾ͺ΢һ˯ʮ꣬ҪΪԼһ̸ף
뵽Ȼ磬һѪɫ󻺻ţ
ǵ
֮çϢɢһ̿˺ɿռ䣡
֮ģɿռˣ֮ĳΣϵĳѪ⣬һһͬ
Ԫǰ
㾡еͬףǧգ
ʱǿȻһƵʻһεϢϣʼ̺
һûֹһ㣬ƾգڵ״̬һ㲢ɡ
Ƭ֮ɫӲ԰ףĴһҰ֮ɫʱһŻɫӰӴ֮ջûһɫ۵ӡ
ӣӰΪģԪĺвϵţ·һ̾Ҫɢһ㡣
ƺǳ˫ۣĿ΢΢ãĿ
Ҳǰĺӡ
ѵǻԪڴ֮ϵĲлꣿ
Ʋл꣬Զûǿ˵ǳ΢
صԪ˵÷ǳأѾ䣬Ĳлֻ꣬ǺСһƣ˯֮Ҫѡ
ǰǻԪ𣿡
ʵ
˭Ȼʹúɿռ䣿
ӵ翣˵Щ
ڵ֮·ǰ󣬵õ֮һĻԪ⴫Уʶʹúɿռ䡣
ԭˣ˵ֻ·ɣʦȷʵֻ·ԼĴС
˵һ仰ҲԼݣǻԪ𣬶ǻԪĵӡ
ԭл˵ԪǷ˫޵ߣȻ˵һЩǼˣһƷֻ꣬ҲӦþӴѹԶǴܱȵġ
ԭǻԪĵӣѵԪԼĵӲл˯ػߴ֮ĺŮ
ǰ׷ɱˣԼһͬ飬Ů꣬׷ɱ
Ľܷѩǰ벽ĸ֣Ƿǹϵ趼ﵽ˼ߵľ磬ϧʧȥ֮󣬸޷Ԫһ޷ʹá
ܹںŮ壬Ľܷѩʵͻͽ
Ů˵󣿡

һ£û뵽Ǹֻʮ߰ŮȻĳƺţ
ܹģῡܣȻѾʵޱȿֲ
̫ѾڣҪҲ£ܲס֪
һƲл껺˵һ̫壿
һµ壬֮ǰ˵ʥ塢塢壬壬ʮ壬ֱó塢񡢾ԪϵӲ֪һ̫塣
ǰ˵ǡ̫壿
̫壬壬ꡢһǿ󣬿ɾޣһӵ츳죬Ԫʮ
л껺˵һݣޣ츳죬ԪʮҲ̫ˡ
ϻ壬ȫ֮ϣ
һ˵лϵһ˿֮ɫû뵽㻹֪壬̫ȷʵ̳ŵ㣬ҲΪ̫죬Ϊݣ̫ʱʢһʱ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˥䣬˵Ϊϡ٣󣬽
ǡɻʵ֪ԪΪθ̫һ
Щ㲻Ҫ֪ˣ漰ܣ֪Ҳû壬ͽֻˡ
л˵ţǱʶĽǵıߣѪ֮գ΢ʵ޷һϵһ
ȻлĻ˵꣬ȴȻסף㡭ȼȫľѪ
лΪԪӣǰԭٴҲǷ˫ޣѪ֮ǳУ̽壬Ȼ֣ȼ˴ľѪȴܺúõվ
һ˥֧ˡ
ʮ䣬˫ޣŶݼȫ
лһɷͬСɣ棬ѾݣʦԪҲûʮʱͿŶݼס
㡭
лоǱߣһߣɳ̶ֳҪԵֱ˼顣
㱻˭׷ɱл뵽¾Ϊ׷ɱȼһľѪ
ڤӣĴնһ֣ɷܴ½׷ɱڴֻҪٹһӣϵ˰ɡ
˵ЩʱȻнܱ򶨡
Զһ׷ɱ㣿л겻˼ĿʶԶǿǳ֮
ѧɿռ䣬ʦԵᣬֿ˰Ŷݼף˫ޣҲǸʦѡһĵ·ڤڤ֮еɺϣҲζţʦҪȵˡ
лĬĬ˵ţԪ֮ǰԼĴУȴԵ˽롣
ڣܴĸٺʲѡ
ܿԪԸȥƲлҲĿˡ
ᣬ츳˵ãϧ㱻׷ɱҲﲻ㣬ֻһƲл꣬ûжԼɣģͬ鸽ϣ㣬ܳסʦѪϴôԳԪ֮еѪ֮ϴ塣
Ѫ֮ϴ壿
Ȼһǿ֮ŵ̺࣬Ѫ֮纣ӵеѪ֮Ԫ𻹿ӵħ飬Ҳʹǿһ˼ľ磬ԪеѪ֮Լ壬ǸǺε龰


1367 
ڤ׷ɱڼʱûκѡֻܲһΡ
ڤ໹һʱͻϵô̵ʱ䣬Ľܷѩ壬ԼѪ֮ϴԶԶ
ܷ𴫳֮ʱ䷨ҲѾﵽԲľ磬ʱȫ⡣
ʱ磬ԭͲǸ󷨣컯˶ܲʮһʱ磬˵
ȡһöֱԾʱ磬ɫĹĻʱٶʱһȶʮ塣
⻹Ϊ˵ԭ򣬷ܲóһʮʱ硣
ڤһʱ˵ʱôʱ䣬Ӧùˡ
ǰһֱһ֪ʱ֮תͷƲлꡣ
˵ɡ
֪ԪǰûУ
ּ󶼱ԪѾǣţľôˡ
лҡҡͷص̾һʦ𹦲컯ɲ⣬ȻʮǰһսĶʵ̫ǿҲˡ
лһ˵пȻû϶˵ԪˣΪԪĵӣʦжһЩĴϣôȻԼʦ˿»Ԫ׶༪ˡ
ţˡشЩϧ룬ԪΪԼʲô·ҲһƲȱ꣬òлһǲܵ顣
תĽܷѩʦ㣬ǿʼɡ
á
Ľܷѩٳɣʯ֮ǰŮһݣǰսǰ꣬ܣȻѰǰӢ飬ǰ䡣
Ů˲л䣬ôռЩл꣬ؾԪŮҲǲܣǣǿҪǿ߲пˡ
ĽܷѩƯ𣬷Ů
һʱ䣬ŮƯһɹʻϢɢתȫ
Ůڣ̺ޱȺƴѪ֮ͬ¯ȼգѪ֮Ա˵Ƿǳµĳ
ҲΪʲôһЩﶼѡӡ÷ڵЩѪգǿ׳ˣ˱ᶼ
ĽܷѩɫһףЩʧأҧ֧
ڲԶлĿһУһ˿֮ɫû뵽Ľܷѩ츳Ҳﵽ˿µľ磬УҲٮٮߡ
Ϊʲô٣
Ľܷѩͬʱһ½λĿޱãԭл͸о»Ԫ´УҲû̳УϾǵǿߵĿ̫ˡ
ڣķչȴȫ֮⣬ѵڤڤ֮첻Ԫ˴˷Ե
ʦ㣬ΪѪ֮ĳ
ҵȫ
Ѫ֮
һȣһɺɫѪѪһХţ
һĻǲлһѪ֮
һܲסпܡ
Ľܷѩ֮壬޷ܹѪ֮ǻԪеѪ֮Ǹ׵ĻɢڣЩѪ֮ʣһǰĽܷѩҲҪ
ŮĽܷѩ塣
Ѫ֮
Ѫ֮壬ͬڵҽѪбӿоԽԽȣ·ȵĹ¯ȫѨſһɹȵÿһ»棬Χ¶Ѹߡ
ЩȵѪ֮ɢ˷ˡ
ҧȫѨӲĽѪ֮ڣǿ
Ѫ˷ѣɼĸԭһЩѪɢȥѹСһЩڣȫǵͨ죬ͬһֻ˴Ϻһ㡣ŰѪ֮ȫѪܣŶݼף裬͵˼ĳ̶ȣҲǲϵѪܱ飬ѡ
ԪܿħĳߣǷ˫ޣǣѪ֮ǿ̶ȿֻ֪һ࣬ƾѪ֮ͿԳʥ
ǿߣû˭ǿջԪµĴ֮ġ
ڣܹһһеѪ֮壬Ϊ֮ûп
ĽܷѩҲŮûпĽܷѩĸ壬ĽܷѩѾɢ
Ǵ֮ģŮػǵĲл֧䣬ֻ˵ڤڤעõġ
龰ػл겻ʦ㣬ˡ֪ľ
˵ܹĹ֮УԪŮĴУĽܷѩˡһֽǶȣĽܷѩܹλǵħӣ̳лԪŮĴУͬҲǻԪŮˡ
ǵĴзͬСɣԴ˵ҪΪϸҪҵ̸̳ף
Ҫ츳ҪƷԡ
ԪԼĴгΪߵѰأһȺ˽ɱ߱һЩϼһõ
ҪһԵԼ̳־Ĵˡ
һ㣬ʲ
ʱһһš
վѪʹУҲ˲˼ĺô֮ǰΪȼվѪյѪ֮ڿٵĻָš
ӽʣĳɶľѪɣɣ߳ɡ
Сʱ֮ͻƾųɣƽʮɣ
ֹ˰ʱѪȫԲ󣬿ʼ
ʱѴͨšȫŶݼѾˣЩǵѪ֮޴йʼĳһš
һ̣·ȫѪҪһһ㡣
ıʣȫȻһڤڤУоԼ·һƬȫڵĿռ䣬Ƭռ֮ϣоſǳǻԣҫϡ
ǻҫֻоȫⶼչϾǶӦ纣һӿ
ǡ
һѵǴ˵еĵǣ
Ǹǹ࣬ͬӱӿڲϢ
ľãֻҪ֣ܴеǳȻʵϣЩǳޱңԶ޷
˵ףֻǿ˵ǣǻԶԶûдﵽǵľ硣
۽δ֮·вĺô
ڴ֮ǰǶ˵һգޱأŬķûС
ڣȴĿ˵ǣ٣֪ô·
ǿսɢǹһָֻƽ
ʱڵϣȫˮʪ͸ߣƻԪӲлѾ˵ˡ
ղĲǻ󣬶һ˲䣬ǿг־ſǳǹ
ԪӱҲǷ˫ޣȻ֪ղŸղһ̵ľζʲô
ǣϾǣӦھŷᣬȻô׵Ŀ˵ǣ


1368 ܷѩ
ԪͻƵǵħ䣬ħԭ
Ԫǵõħ֮ſʼͻͽڴ֮ǰԪҲֹŶݼס
ǵľ磬ԪĵӸеš
û֮еѪ֮ϵһĽܷѩĻ껹ûн
ԪµĴ֮ģôѪ֮Ѫϣ
ʱѪ֮Ѿﵽԭ۷״̬ɣ
Ѫ֮߶ԣգչ嶼ըѿ
յĶ٣ȡ߱ĸ
ʱͬһ̿ȼգѪ֮Ѿԭһ롣
ʱ򣬴̺֮Ѫ֮Ѿ˥һЩ
Ŵ֮Ѫ˥ĽܷѩҲ׵Ľľ֮
ľ֮Ľܷѩȫͬһ˵ľ֮оûɺԽǿ󣬾֮Խǲӿޱ޼ʡ
ľ֮ȴһƬޱ޼ʵա
֮УС춴Щл춴·ͨһռ䣬һ屻У¾ͱˡ
ôľ֮
Ľܷѩһ˵Уһ֮ǰͻƵĳǳȼΪ춴ռ䱻ŤüΪȶһ״̬ͻֱ̮һα
ĽܷѩĲ²⣬깥ޱȿµһֱӽľ֮˼ա
ľ֮ĽܷѩҪҲأû֮أһСľͻٲ

Ľܷѩ˵
ν칬ʱ򣬻˺ܶЩóˡ
Ľܷѩô޸ľ֮ĽܷѩʵҪ޸֮еĴ˸ʵҪֻ޸һ䣬Լ괴һ֮ؾ㹻ˡ
ʱţʱôȥˡ
žણžણ
ϵĺˮѪˮһڵϣ
Ѫ֮շһҲļޡ
ս˫ȭһ̣оԼ·һͷûѪ֮Уʱᱬ
㿴˵ǣ
л꿪
ͷߵһĻ۶¡
ǣҲһħ䣬ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬾Ϳתĳһء
˲𣡡лԵ̾
ҡͷǰˣܿǣԼԭ򣬶Ϊ˻ԪǰµѪ֮ԪǰѾ˵ǣվڻԪǰļϣǿ˵ǵڡ
ˣ㱾Ѿﵽ˴ǵľ磬ʦѪ֮Ҳ޷ʮ꣬ﵽ־磬˼顣
лпţ츳һδε𾪡
ûмл꽻̸עĽܷѩϡ
ʱĽܷѩѾȫŮΪһ壬ʮ߰Ůɢʳ
ʯУɫޱȲ԰ףȻĹ̫
ߵʯǰһֻסĽܷѩ֣һɹޱĹעȥĽܷѩʱоԼʶҲǻ춴еľ磬Ľܷѩ糱ˮһӿ
ָоͷ·˰ֻأһСľͻᾫʧأԼıԡ
Ҷħ
ĽܷѩͻȻԺ
΢΢һħ
ħȼĽܷѩĽܷѩļ
û£ֻǶħѹ֮Ǵ߶ħɱУҿԳܵģѾںСΧڲ⸱̫ء
Ľܷѩ˵䣬֮УӨ⣬ħڱ߶
¡¡
ڳ춴ľ֮Уһɹɷ籩Щ籩ޱȿͣ·Ҫȫ˺һ㡣
һ춴Уȫ飡
ħǿֻԶһ㣬ԭưܲľ֮бؽơ
νƶˡ
ۣ
Ľܷѩɫ԰ףӴԼΪģϯһ̣·ڿһµ硣
ԭĽܷѩ֮ǰŮȻʻޱȣܶѪ֮ǿߣľ֮ѾһƬţȥһ㡣
ڣĽܷѩħⷽµһֿҰְ
ݣݣݣ
Ľܷѩȫ˸ҫ۵ĹâŻ춴һĽܷѩʶռ˾֮ÿһ䣬Ů֮С
һ̣Ľܷѩ˫ۣһɲǼ䣬·һصĿռ䱻ͨ˼ռ֮кˢĽܷѩ壡
ؿռ䱻򿪣һʮ⾳ĴϢҲչעýߵȻһ
ַǡ
ޱȣ侹Ȼһַ򣬿ĳ̶ֳϸʮ⾳ȼ磿
̫ķ򣡡
ʱߣԪ˵Ŀдžº֮ɫ
̫磿
˵Ѿ˵磬Ҳһ˵˵ֻû˿ռ϶У޷Ѱңֻ̫壬ܹͨ磬ֱӼȡҲǹ֮
ղл˵ʣΪĽܷѩĻ꣬Ů̫ͨҲõ˸ա
̫壬ĳһ壬ںŵ㡣
ˮķϴڷ߶ɵ龰һԣҲ˼ĺô
ķϴУĽܷѩ建ƯѾȫ貵ǳ
ʱ˿̣ȫŮںΪһŮŮ
Ľܷѩɵǰĸգ촽⶯ţлл㣬㣬ҵһˡ
Ľܷѩĥѣڿྡħг˯һֱ˯Լɢһ졣
˵Ľܷѩһˣеģûа顣
ʦ㣬Ҳһˣǵ겻ħһ׹ǣڿ¶û߳˹ںؾУȣѾˡ
ΪһˣϰѵĽ׶Σûħ߹Ƕμѵ£ħܴ½ΪĽܷѩȼ߶½Ŀռϱ¡
ĽܷѩˣǵΪ˴˶Źʡ
û˶ԷעҪԶȥֱ׼
ϲʦˣǰںΪһѾԹ̫ͨ磬̫壬ͨʦδĳɾͣ᲻ĸպ̤۷壬Ҳǲܡ


1369 ڤӵ
ϣĽܷѩ˵̥ǣõ
ܹ̫ͨ磬ͬʱ塢ԪϵԼԭĳٶȣ򣬻ʵս̫嶼Զͬߡ
ڣո˻ԪѪ֮ʵѾ۷״̬ĽܷѩȴܵĽܷѩУ̺ǳһԴ
Ľܷѩһϱɡ
ˣĽܷѩڻĥڣ޷ȫӳΪĥڹȥĽܷѩʵͻͽΪҲһĽܷѩ϶ȺܸߣպҲûκӰ졣
ԭĽܷѩţֵõ̫պһƽʱգʮ죬ǧ磬ĽܷѩΪһܣݺ겻࣡
ĻĽܷѩԾԶԶ̤۷壬һԼͬʱǰԴл
һǰܣĽܷѩֻһСĽܷѩǿʱ򣬶ҪǿǧٱĽܷѩθܹɹȫԸˣĽܷѩͻɢˣ£Ľܷѩǡ
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ǵڸϹˣ໹Ҫһʱͻϵǣٵħӣһ·͵ˡ
˵䣬Ƿһ˿̵Цݡ˵һӣʱеʱ䣬ʱһڤӸֻҪʮϢʱѡ
ڤӣĽܷѩеɱڤӣ֮ǣ
һΣֻһֻƺһƷֻ꣬ɱǣҲڤӵһЩΪһΣһȡ裬걥ܿѶԴ˸οܷʥǧ֮飡
ĽܷѩŮΪһʥصʥŮֹ𣬳豾ħ˵ĽܷѩʹãȴҲûκι˼ɡ
ֳ̧ʱ磬ʱһܹоһǿϢһ˼ٶȱƽɱɭɭڤӡ
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ɽУɳô֪ԼѾӲԾɽĳЩ󷨵Ķĵֿ
ڤӸ֪ɨһɫɽ壬ûзʲô壬ǧȻа飬ЩаҲֻǸڤһЩСС鷳¡
Се괬ϰߣڤӸɽ֮У׼ֱ֡
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ڤӳ˳߳һն£ʱɽʯһŤֳַѪǹ߳ŮĹ
ڤӿ֮Ƿһ˿ζĻȣ㵹ǳˣţԭǰ;ϧԣ֪죬עҪҽ£
Ŷ𡭡ֳַѪǹǹֱָڤӣһ̣ڤӿȻһ
ĸоԭյѪѾˣ
ǲˣȷе˵ڵѪ֮ǹȥͬĴһ㣬ӿȣΪҲͻ񺣺ˣ
ȷʵͻ񺣺ڣԭ֮ǰڤսʱΪĽܷѩȼ꣬ǱܱѾڵ񺣺ڵĽޣܴһΪȼһ뾫ѪԭҲΪΪ
ôܣѪһˣֲѪľšڤӸеţȻŮĹƬɽƬɽйȻб
ڤдϲܹľѸٲյѪһѪ֮ɫɽеıҩģ
д˼ѪǿһΣΪսʤңɱ㣬ϵһܶΪУĻԵҲ֣
ڤӿЦʱЦȻϣ֣ĺɫɽоȻ߳һ
һŮӣϸ֫Լģʣһж·ͲŮӣľɡ
ǴʱڤȫûŮ˼ֻоһɭȻĺԼŮ൱£
ڴ֮ǰŮڤӽߣڤӾȻûз֣мɵ
˭ѵ
ڤƵĶĽܷѩΪĽܷѩѾӣڤ޷ϳȴĸоĽܷѩЩϤ
ȷʵԨԴĽܷѩ˵䣬ޱ飬ʵʵɱڤӣһʱ䣬ڤֻоɱƵı
΢΢ˣԨԴҲǵг𡣡
ڤаɵôҲ벻ŮʱĪһң³֪
ǵõģ
ĽܷѩЦ˵˵仰Ȼһ̤ٶȿ쵽ֻһ˲䣬ڤӵǰһ
Ľܷѩոոϣû̫壬һз򣬿ԾޣѾΪֲľ磬ͽնƷ
һռƬݣʱշ籩Ľܷѩһƣڤϯ
ڤ󾪣ҵ弱ٺˣͬʱһնɫĽâӭĽܷѩƷ硣
꣡â飬Ľܷѩͬȣһ̤ڤӵǰһ̣ĿɭƮɢͬҹеɱ

һ죬ڤӵ嵹ɳȥǿסĽܷѩĵڶƣȫѪӿʱܻŮӵ˭½磬ôͻȻð


1370 
㵽˭
ڤӺǰŮ˵ȥһֱһˣа֣аֳˣ֮ǰԼôңȼһľѪӹһ١
ǰŮ½磬һֱ֮ܵУǾ͸Ծˣ½ôԼԨԴڤӿǴûеǵģ׷ɱȻ뵽̺ôܡ
ʱڤѾû˼ĻˣĽܷѩ߸Уһɫȹ裬˫㣬вɢΪĽܷѩ̫ߣͶ֮䣬νԳ棬
Ľܷѩڣ޷ķӳ
ǶҲãҲãɱĻʧʵʧصʱ򣬷ΪҪͷ
ʵ̫ǿ󣬼ĽܷѩҲ츳ǿǿϣǸոո壬ʵҲ൱һ֡
ȻĽܷѩǿĲʵ츳Ľܷѩ츳츳߽ϣպĽܷѩؽһǧ
һ̣Ľܷѩ߳һƬأȻħǧ֮лɣͬҹĽܷѩߣȴģ
ߣԪ˸ޣĽܷѩ߶䣬ÿһ̤¶黨ʢˮȪʡ
Ľܷѩ̫򡪡
Գһ磬һ֮УĽܷѩǾԵߡ
һƬڤ
ڤӣҾһɱ򣬱Ȼıң裡
Ľܷѩ˵ɱơ
ߣ
ڤĿ䣬ۿҪڹ֮УһҲչԼһʱ䣬ڵȫΧԪ궯ħеɷڤǣֶħ
ħ򣡡
ڤħ򣬶Կ
򽻻һ𣬼ҵײ
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ɷɵĶħ֮жʱһħбɷɻң
ۿħҪѹ飬ʱڤüĴŵ⣬һɸתŷɳѸٱ
ĺ
ڤӵ꾭Ե֮һֻΪܴ߶߶ֻͶӰȻͶӰҲڤȡ˻ĺֻ꣬ɾɣһʧԻĺҲǼ𺦡
ĺѹסڤΧգǿֿס˹
Ľܷѩɱ֣ȻϵǰڤӾǧǿߣ̤ƽܷʥء
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ĽܷѩһıƽԽԽǿ󣬻ĺҵ·Ҫһ㡣
ڤ΢΢ɫ䣬ȻܵĽܷѩǿ󣬵û˰ơ
㾹Ȼ˵Ҫҵıң裿ڤӿЦĿһ䣬ɱɭɭҲ֪˭ʵҷԣҲǿһ㣬Ƕұԣֵһᣡҵıɱ㣬ֻҪһգ۵ʱ䣡죬ҸǣֻΪɱÿ֮һ㹻ĺôҵķ㱻ɱҲһӡǣӴۺǣұҲ׷ɱ㣬㳹׻𣡡
ڤɫ˵ѾԤеĽܷѩڣɱԭͷǳǿȫ׷ɱδɱοа֡

ʱһЦбַѪǹƯգڤӵǰ
ڤӡƺΪֻһڣͿˣ
ԵķζʱȫѪϣͬһӿĴӣ಻а֮Ӱ֣˹֮УںΪһʱ򣬺ɿռҲʩչ󣬵ͬѪȾɣɿռ䡢а֮ߵһγι̣µأһ̤ⷽգҪ
ڤͫ΢΢һ˵㲻Ѫ֮һΪѪ֮ǿܸʵߣ
ôΪҵĻͽһǹ
ǹֱָڤӣѪǹ֮ϣ潻֯
֮֮ףӽص׻򣬻к籼ӿӵѪþ᲻
ʱȷʵȣΪΪѾ׼񺣺ڣΪմ֮ĵľֱ֮ӿ˵ǣ˵ǰ벽ҲЩˣԿ˵ѾǵżֻҪһͿ̤ȥˡ
;Ԫ涼һͬʱѪ֮һںϻԪ֮ĵľѾ̥ǣ
ǰ춴Ӹ֣а֮еޱĹעѪǹ֮СھҲһںΪһ
ڰ㣡
һǹնط·𱻷ֿƬɿռӵУͬ飬һУң
ڤĿأʮ֮һɲǣ˫ӡǧٸӡĺת֮Ͻ
ǣ
飬һǹմƬ̮춴ӣں׻֮ͬһ϶ɫХڤӳ
䣡
һǹնڻĺ֮ϣҵ
֣ϯգƣԲʮﷶΧǧа飬뱬ը֮Уҷ
ǣ
Ŵ̶ޱȵĺ֮ϣǳһǳǳơ
ʲô
ڤĿһɫ䣡
ĺȻˣ
ȻֻӰϾһֻ꣬һɾһȻĹгƣ
ħ٣
ڤӴһȫħȫڰ˳߳ϣһն£
꣡
ɫĽ⣬նĻ춴ϣڰײһһɲǣ춴Ȼһ𣬽ı
嵹˶ղŵײȷʵܵ˲С𣬵ȫѪʢķȴҲֻѪ΢΢ڣûʲô󰭡
ڤӵˣֻһѪһһ㣬ղһײɫҰף̬΢΢ģҪǣĺҲơ
ĽҲΪղŵĽڹͺɿռӵ֮ڣڤӵɱܵѹơ
һΣڤӵɫ׳
û뵽һĽܷѩ򲻹ھҲŲǶ֣
ô
ڤɫΪѿô½磬Ϊնɱ󻼣ڣɱѾ졣
һصԼֻɥ֮ȮڤʥأĴһĸһ


1371 ȡ
µڤӷǳԼѾûκ壬ɱȥĻķᱻĽܷѩɱ
ڤѾ⣬ڣѾڹİΧ֮УȻлĺǿҪһȥҲǳѡ
ڤӲʧԶһ֣ҷֳһƷֻķһʧˣڤӱľԪΪ궼Ϊ֮
֮ǰΪڤʥϵʥİڤѾĴ벽𾳽磬ϾҪһʱգɾҲ£ȻڣʧڤƱػԪˣ̶ڽ۷ܳһʱ䣬ܲʧӰպľ硣
ڤҰļʥӴ֮ҪɾѰ֮·ôԼȱʧһ֣
һȫ䱸һø֪̽Ź
ã㻹ߵĿܣ
ĽܷѩǷһ̵Ļȣ˫ֺһģһԪɵ֮
죬ͽķ°ɣ
ĽܷѩȻһ̤һڤնͬʱҲˣзѪǹ׻֮
þ
Ľܷѩһһңɱڤӣ
ȻǶһˣҲڤһսĽܷѩȫԶڤɱȻȴôڤӣʲôǿЦͷһ֣ԾƽڤŰɱ˲
ڤһҧĻĺţѹ
ͬʱȫע֮Уһ߾ħڤ߸֣άħ߽硣
ȻһУ޲ʵ̫ĽܷѩĹ֮УǾԵһС
һնδѹͷǵصħ֮УڤҲеȫѪԪҡ
ͬʱþҲһǹɱ׻֮֯ɳ϶ɫĺ󣬻Х
ǣ
һ𣬻ĺҵ֮ϵͬһӣҪֲס
ڤĿƴĴ߶ڵȻ죬ֻǼϢʱ䣬ֻһ죬ĺ𣬻ɷɻң
ڤȻ³һѪ嵹ɳȥ
ڤһŷɳȻ룬һֱڤһɳʼڤΧκ˺ܵĻᡣ
ڤӵ̬ģˮ
ǻḶ۵ģҵķ޷Ҳ߶طѪ⾫Ԫӡʱұ׷ɱǵĺǣ
ڤв
Ц⻰˵˼ô㹴ʥ壬ΪԼҰģϧ壬ȵһ󣬱㽫¹ڣţͺ𿴵ֽеʥʬ֮󣬻ҵĻģʱ򣬲׷ɱңᱻȫ׷ɱ
һ仰ڤӵѨڤӷ·𱻴ۣһȫŤ
ЦһȤĪ㻹ΪһΪ㱣ܲɣ
ڤӷ·ͻȻ뵽ʲô¶Цݣ˵Ķᷢǵȵٵһ죬ʥʧܣΪشƣһ˵ıҵģҸ㣬ʥǿʮֹֻһ򣬶ʥռݵ棬ö࣡ʶʱΪܣҲʱ˳ӦƵѡվһ죬֪ҵѡȷģȵʥռµʱһὫƤ꣬ĥǧ꣬ʹķʽȥ
ڤӺ˵ޡ
ڤͶʥ壬һΪҰģҲΪ϶мĿܻʥ壬磬Ƿ磬սܻΪԭѡ˵ͽͺ飬ڵзʵԶȼǿʱ
ʥȷʵǿϹʱʥ塢塢ͥ񣬹ִͬʮ죬Ǻƿص治ϵݣÿһ棬һ֡
ȵٵʱֻռһΣ˭Ҳ޷˵塣
شҲȥԤ⣬ҲԤⲻԻ֮ǰȥ
һһǹɨɲǼ䣬ǧٵӡϯڤӣǵصķɱ
ڤΧѹʮɷΧħ֮УĶħӡûڣ˲ҷ
ಣ
Ѫǹиգڤ弱ˣȻĻԪǱǹâɨУһ鿪
ǿǹâڤӻûüʱĽܷѩĹҲɱˣ
ĽܷѩҪǿĹ޷ƥУ

ڤӲһУȼվԪа˳߳Ȼһ̡
Զž޿ײкڤӱ黤Ԫȱڣڤڣ
ڤһʱ˴롣

һ죬ڤӵĳɣĽܷѩһֱڤӵҼ֮ϣɵĽ棬ڤӵҼһֱпҷΣʮ߹ǣȫĽܷѩһжϣѪڤӼĽܷѩһն°ӣ
һɲǣڤ˫ĿʧδκηӦֻؿһһȾѪĳǹ̴ڤӵ壬ӺĴ룬ֱ
ڤӾһǹ̴ȱȫ壬ô˷ѪǹϣѪǹ
Ƿľڣڤӵһһ㣬غϵļս޷۷״̬ĽܷѩȴȫѪ಻ԽսԽ¡
ԭڤӾʹƣ˳֮£һغϣֱӱĽܷѩɱ
ڤһֻץסѪǹһֻץסĽܷѩѪȾơ
һ仰Ҳû˵ֻԹĶĽܷѩ
ѪڣĲţԽԽСήһǱһֻȱȫơ
ڤӷıԴˡ
ֻ֮⣬һƻѪΧȼգͻҳ壬ƺҪݣȴʩչηεĽסˡ
ڤڷϵһƲл꣬Ϊȷɱڤл궼Ϊ÷ӵڤһĹͷ֮
Ķ֣ûз͹ֵ֧ĻӮ
Цһһץסһƻ𣬾ӥץСһֱһʱ䣬ƻ𼸺顣
ţĽܷѩ˵
ţĽҪʲôĪĳ裿ֻһƷֻ꣬ҲûʲôɡԭֱηƷֻɾ֮ڤӹƶˣҹζ࣬ȴĽܷѩ
ĽܷѩȻֻһ΢ķֻ꣬ڤΪȷɱ㣬˲мֵĶ繦ǰںΪһǿ࣬Ҳܹ߶ħĨȥľӡΪһ龫Ƭȡ䡣
ĽܷѩԪ˵һ߶ħһƲлתƬ


1372 ħ쵤
԰쵽ô
ڤӲлеļ䣬ǺõģԷԷ򣬺ͶԹ⣬ޱȱĲƸ
ڤʱշϵܸߣȻֱӽΪУǶպԼвɹĺô
Ӧÿԡ
Ľܷѩ˵ţȫȼ˵ɫ棬һֽӹڤӲл꣬潫лˡ
ǲл귢һĽϵͻҳ壬ıȻĽܷѩǰһͽ͵ġ
꣡
һ죬ƲлʶĽܷѩֱӴݻ٣һɲӵĽܷѩͣͶħռ䡭
쵰
ڲ֪֮ڤʥڤӷһʹĲҽУȻƷǰʯبʯģشʮʯֽͬƬһʯϵıīֽȫŰбʳɷɻң
ǶҪ
ڤͷɢһֻֽסĶͷɫ԰ף£
ʧһֻƣˣʧһƲл꣬ȴľ֮ܵشӲеһ飬󳹵׻ʹʧ֪
ǸŮˣ
ڤ˫ĿѪ죬ڵϣһɺѪ˿ڤӵ۽¡
һжʧܣ˵һγش
ڤʥһʧһɫʮῡܣڤ˵ûʲô
ʧһڤԪˣ˫ʧʹԭѾߵİ벽𾳽磬ڱңңڣӦ֮£պɾҲܵӡ
ڤӴʱ̷ʲôһܴķûй֮ǰķˣֻǧΪûмӳ꣬ˣûˡ
ڤӵķȴˣӳֲл֮ڤܹõһЩݶϢ
Ҳ֪ˣܴ½ֻǧǧһ΢С򣬾Ȼ̺˾˵ܣ
˭˴У
ڤӷվҰѾѪȾ졣
ĴУȻ𼶵µģһеٮٮߣһನʮꣿ
ڤӵķѪɱԭʱ򣬶ûȫⱻӰ죬ڻõļܣǿڤӵķ֮ǰͻܵˡ
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ڤһ⣬ΪĴڣ޷ǣǷȥһʵѹ񺣺ڵķ˴ãǲ֪֮еĻ֮أ
ǵµ󷨣ڤеĻڤӱҲⲻ³
ǵĻԵڤӿüȴԲš
ڣѾܴħʼˣļƻ¶ֻ֮һطݷȴٵ١
뵽ҪԼʱѪڤʥأڤӵĶڵѪһУǰͣ
֮𣬴֮ʱұٱ
ڤҧսȭָĿѪ֮С
֮ϣնϵ󣬿ʼѪ䶯
ǵڤӵı۹ǿʼѪܡϣǼ⣬ƤĤ
Ƭ̣ڤӳһֻµ֣Ȼֻ֣ڤԭĲԶˣĵľԪҲ޷ֲ

ʱħӣĽܷѩѾħռ֮С
ڤӵĲл꣬ѾһɫĹţڰա
ĽܷѩƯ֮ǰ˫ִһӡ֮С
ʱ򣬴Уһɫ⣬ҫڹ֮ϣħ
ĽܷѩҪ߶ħֱɱ˻һЩǵ߶ħĨȥеľӡȴ̫ѡ
ħ֮£ڤӲлеľӡһһϴȥ
ǳӡ˿һ㣬ÿһ֣Ҫڲƻ걾ϴȥӡҲֻħˡ
һӵʱ䣬ԭꡣ
Ľܷѩһ㣬öƬȫûľ֮
һʱ䣬ļ糱ˮһӿ
Ϊ˻ɱڤһƷֻ֮Уע˴ķ򣬶ң֮л˸ֹ
ħ
۾һڤţܵħʼʶħʼ칬ѧϰħʼĺĴСħ
֮ǰڤֵʱҲʩչħ˺صĴ
ͷѧһ䣬ʱ䣬Ѿ
ڤѾ޳ɵĹڤӵԭܣôѧͼ򵥶ˡ
Ҳħ߾磬ֻҪΪһˣĳЩؼʱ̣Ϊ͸֧;ƿݵʱħܹЧ
һװԵ֮书һΪá
ħ֮⣬ڤӶ⾳򣬶ȫ̽ܣҲֱֻƬļ̳м䣬Ҳ⡣
ЩʱҪһЩʱ
ʱһע⣬ǡ쵤
һڤӵļУϹʧ˵ĵʮǰ࿪˰Ŷݼ׵ߣһö쵤ͿֱƵǣ
ʦ㡭
Ѿ쵤Ľܷѩ˵ˡ
쵤
Ľܷѩһ˵ҪƵǣϹϣҲھ쵤ļأȷʵҩҪϡޱȵĵرƣڵ֮£Ҫһţ죬ѼĲ϶δѼȫҪƳһö쵤̫̫ѣңо쵤ҲδͻƵǡ
˵ףˣڵ֮£쵤Ҳ޷ħ䡣
ʦ˵ЩҶ֪ڤӼҲУֻ֣ڤƾ쵤ʲô
ڤڷֻµļֻһС֣ΪʲôѰƾ쵤ļ䣬û°
ĽܷѩӦǸʥйذɡʥƣȴ쵤ҲĳʥҪġ
ĽܷѩⷬƶϵǺͷô˵쵤лᣬһҪƳȻƾҲͻƵǣҲҸӽǵľ磬Ȼһе֮·ҸҪӱŬһޱãϣҲܷ
ţ˵Ķԡڽħ֮ǰͻ񺣺ڣĸѾʵ£Ҳʱˡ
ڤӽֵʱ򣬾Ͳͻ񺣺ˣڲֻĻ۰ˣֻҪ㹻ͻƾͻˮɡ
õģʦ㡣
ͷĽܷѩȡڤӵĶһƴǧٵӡְΧʼѸٵĳ֮еľԪĽܷѩڤӷһͻ񺣺ڡ


1373 
ԭȻͻ񺣺ڣҪΪ񺣺ڵĸ֣ӵ񺣺ڸֵΪҪһʱĻۣҪϵؿС
ڣڤһֻ̺ȫԪ߻̾Ϳˡ
ǴƣڤӻǴеٮٮߡ
һֻƣĴѾǴޱȵ塣
ƣ
Ľܷѩָһ㣬ڤӵƳըеľѪ⳹׷룬ЩлûʮӰЩӰǧٹ֣кɫ̣бгжħ
ЩӰÿһڤһ׹ͨ
͹֮һͻᰴչ·תɹӰڤӵķѾȥȴǻڹԼ£״̬
˳ȫѪ⣬ΪԴҲῴЩ۳а֮춴ӡӰ
ڤӱԴӰУǿģһͷ˫ţųĸֱ۵ޣбһɫת֣ħʼ۴Ĺħ
𣡡
ĽܷѩһƴЩͨɵӰȫĽܷѩ÷飬ǻԴЩ۳һɺ塣
ȻֱڤӵԼģֻչѡ
ǣ
ϱڣԽԽȶһƣ󱻲ϵؿ
ڤôҲû뵽÷ɱȴĺôĲлꡢʵ
ڵϣа֮Ӱ֣룬һźɫĻ춴ڻת
ڤӵľչԼ磬ٻǻһЩӵЩȫͶ뵽˻춴У׵ѹ顣
󷨴Ļ춴ӣһ޵׶һ
״̬˼ʱͻȻֻһ죬Ȼһ𣬿͵µɽʯ·һǰشУױ飬һӿ
ʱ˿̣ͻ񺣺ڣ
ȥɣű䣬ĻűҲ֮һ
ãܺãĽܷѩޱĳ޵Ҳһˣǿ߶Ķ֣һǿߣƿһһˡ
ķӡˣҲǿߣȻǿһΣǻһ㡣
ͨǿѾĴѰԵ̽ѰؾǿҲԴԱ
ǿߣǿһ㣬Կɣ壬һʦ
ڵѾǿԱΪʦˡ
ʱħˡȹԪǾͽȥ
õģʦ㡣
֣صĵͷħʲô
Ԫ֮ʱȻԸԼĴ֮֡
һħڣȻɱأ
һµ󷨣ΪԼаӲĿܡ
ŵ˵ǻԪ϶ĵ˽ħӣǴҲҪ䣡ڰ벽ܲܰȻԪĹżͲˡ
ⲢҪΪ벽ͲܽǣǵΧϱڶͻƲˡ
Ԫõһ֣Ǹһ𣬻߱һ㣬û̫ħʼ֮ſܿƿϱڣȡԪĴС
ǵԼӵߵ䣬ѾԲ磬ԴҲò꣬δҪȡԪĴС
𣬸ԪйʣǾ͸ȶ֮ˡ
չصϢһʱ䣬еһж۷״ֳַ̬Ѫǹķħӡ
ٶȿ죬һʮ룬;Ҳɷγɵа۵ϮɱȻЩаһǹɨ˷ɻҡ
ħӣԽԽ
žеɷԽԽأ˿˿˿ܡ
ħӲʱаѾȫʧˣǾԵĽаﶼ޷
̤Χ͸оԼ·̤һʱ֮У߹·ȴ·Ȼģ壬·һ̤ⷽʱգ޷ٳˡԽǰߣָоԽǿҡ
ֲа޷ѾǻԪ󷨵ķΧˣаҲҴҪҷ𡭡
ܸܵһۻçϢħӵϢڻԪ
īǹˮѪ֮ϣɽʯݹǶһ㵭ԣ·档
Ⱦ󣬷ͣǿ⾲׵ҹɫʵ޷һǿ޻صľء
ѾӿٷУǲѪɰʯǹ̳ɵĵ·ͽħȥ
ǰط·ð˺ɫĻ棬ȼգء
ٲһǻħ֮УΧԪɷȫһУҲ뵽ħ֮С
ħӣƺԪ¾
Ҳ֮е飬Ԫõ󷨣Ҫתʮ꣬ȻҪΪãϢ
ʱʱ䣬Ķ롣
һ̣̤ħӵıԵ
ħӣᴩǣһֱһڶֱͨһ˵漣֮
Ҳֻܹһֱǣǳ׻
ڤĴֻǻϵֻ߻һֱǣеĲ̫ˡ
ϧҲչ¼ŵȥпǧ


1374 ˮ
ܵĺɫ棬ֱħȼգ
ⲻĻ棬û
һɹɿµϢͬһ𣬴ħתڣϢ֮УֻоԼʱ޿̲ڱһӴϴţĸоȻ𾴡
뵱꣬ԪԼļλ棬ֻ֪ǺεȻֺĳ
ϧپҲⲻ˻ҷһ죬û;䣬Ҳյֵסµ
վħӵıԵȥĿӣҲֻǿʮ
£Ļڵߣ޷̺һô硣
ֱ˵򵥣һ˵ĹȣԲķΧѾٸҡ
һ£ҹͣҲû취ڷԲĽһȦ
ħӵıԵʮԶһ޴ħϷұϣ޷˵ȥһֱ쵽Ļ֮Уʧ
ʩչþʱûа֮ӰҪ֣
޹⣬˳صʸУ֪ʲôϴ죬֮ϣ˸ַģЩķ΢⣬ΧԪһ
ʮʱ䣬֪ٸҹҹһֱڱԪ¾ոһյļӳϣѾļ̶̳ˡ
ɣֹһǱ鲼ħӵܱߣֻԼҰޣֻܿһˡ
Ҿȥɡ
ħӰһݣߵסұԱߣȥ
޴ޱȵħУȥӰͬһ΢ʵ΢
Ϊ˸ӰȫûѡУҪȼٷе͵Ķ࣬һЩδ֪ڵע⡣
ֱִ̺һɲçͬϵһֻһ㡣
ϵħӣоԼ·ǰ֮ӣԶŵʱա
ħʵ̫ˣٶȲ죬һҹԼѾħǧȻǧ룬һ˵ʵ΢ˡ
ʱ䣬ûκΣգħһƬţȼĻ׺µԪ֮⣬Ҳܲκ쳣Ĳ
ʱһһĹȥ
Ѿʮ죬ħӴ֮ң
̧ͷ죬Ǹ£ֲڵİɫʯڣһֱ죬·ûоͷ
ȣѾһƬˣħ֮΢ǹ⣬ܴ͸ĻѾʧˡ
һһȲ£˻Ľȣ֪Ҫʲôʱżħӵؾгϴ񣬶˵ҲһС
һֱϢСȻΣջǽˡ
ħһǧʱһ鿴ʯ֮ȻһֻһצӣȻץ
Ŀ΢΢һĴ̳еĳǹ׻˫ɫâֻ֯һ죬屻ǹâ
ˣ
һô׾ɱˣ
Сģ
ĽܷѩͻȻԺһɲǣо֮һаͷ׶һ꣡
Ȼûôɱһֱûзɾ裬ĽܷѩѣҲһܹѸٷӦ
ޱĹע֮УüļһĿâһҵɱעںսϣһ
ֻаͷͱĺսʮ顣
ʮа飬ÿһ鶼ƺһ㣬ǷţҪںһ
ǿ
һǹӳ׻˫ֱ֮ٵϴ֮£аܲסֱӻҷ
³׻ɱˣаǳƻ֮󣬻о񹥻ʵа鱾һͷһʣ׻˫ٶպÿƹôɱа黹ҪԷֽš
ɷγɵа顣
Ľܷѩ˵ȷⲻʮǰʹڵ̫Ӧòô
ħӵĶڣƺлԪϢа鲻ҿڲȴÿһлԪϢˣ㵮а顣
ţ˸ı䣿
ɱа֣֮ħе˹ı仯
ԭµб·ת䵽棬·ħӵʯĳеһС
һһֱ֣ұϣȵվ
о͸ƽȫһ
˼ַƵа飬Щаǳݷȷе˵ûʱǾͬһʯͷһûκһ˿ǾͻŵѪζһ㱩ɾԪѪ⡣
Ща飬Ķ֣֮עѪǹ֮Уϵ裬Щаܿͱǰľ񹥻Ҳĺսɻ⡣
۾־ǿаĶ֡
аһ㻯ŨʹΧɷŨң̹ǣ˸о·ڳʬķĹһ㡣
аʬγɵģôа飬һڵ¶ĹսУֻ߿ɱ²˿ǽƬأǹսˡ
Ľܷѩ˵ţͻȻоһһ죬ʲôȶˡ
ͷһȵһߺǡ
Ϊ̫ԶЩѾľһ㣬һȾͶϡ
﷢ֺǲΪ档
ţԽԽࡣ
ЩǣγˣеѾ࣬еȴӨ͸ͬˮһ㡣
һԪϵͻɢʧȥ󣬸಻Ϊ档
ʮ꣬ŹȻ͸ˮģطԼȫ߸ɴߡ
Щˮͷʥµģ
һɱĲͷʥһЩĺҲ֮С
ȻĽܷѩȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ʥ壡
Ŷ
һʱĽܷѩȴǴħռƮƯڰС
ˮ֮ǰվ˺һ˵ЩˮҸоԼЩʹʵʶЩˮǣǴҹЩһѪĸоҲ̫ĺǡ
̫壡
һȥô̫壿Ԫ̫ʲôϵ֮ǰλǰ˵̫ѾĿȥôࣿ
ĽܷѩҡͷҲֻǼ̳ǰûм̳м䣬̫徿ʣ¶Ҳ֪Ҵſ϶ЩˮϹġ
ĽܷѩϣɱܵӰ죬ĪиС
㻹ǵһǿŮ𣿡
Ľܷѩ˵ģȻǡ
ʱһνŮĹУŮȡһ壬ڻϡ


1375 
ֽеŮȡ˳ɫ壬Կһصͼͼڣһö屾ǷȴһϢȻʵز
һ壬һС塱ŮϣһģһŮ壬ʣһŮĪĹϵ
ûĻһǰˣ꣬ǰһǣǴһˡ
ʮǰǳսԪǰǰˡˣҲⳡս֮УȻŻԪǰǰսǵҲ˵ĲˣһЩԵ˻Ѫȥ
ĽܷѩⷬƶҲúһֶѣһѪʹ䣬ӡʽһϣһˣӳ֮ÿһʱ䣬ͻһܵʹĥʹ裡ңĳɳʹļ϶ԽԽ̣ʱҲԽԽֱʹ
ȻܹӻķЧҲ޵ĺܣʱˣǻջܸ
ڿʮа˾ŸѪɱԭйء
ܣ䣬ҲĪĹϵĳһܣɱϣδ˾ֱ䣬ȴܵ˲ҽ䣬һֱʮ֮á
뵽ΪһеϧµһֻԵһ֣ǵ츳Ҳܴ½ķܹģԭǿܴ½ʣԻ͵ϧܵʳֻ踺أһǧУʹ
պ㣬㹻һҪصܴ½ȥΪһȥ䣬ǻǰһССĶ顣
ţʦģ㲻ǰĹϵҲҪôұ׷ɱʱһͰ峤ðսķձңڿѾ˾ͽˡ
һضˣһĶ£Ȼǡ
Ӧ˵飬һһ쵽ħѰһٱңĽˮĳŵ
ֻҪˣͲ᲻ܡ
Ľܷѩԭ뽫Щˮȫһطᣬ룬ҲδزܳߣҲѵİϢ֮ء
ţǡ
ͻȻ˵֣ˮǵм䣬ɵ֮Уһ޴ʯ̨
ʯ̨һɸߣʮɿһ޴ʯ
ʯ֮ϣ˸ָ
неսꪣгǹһЩӡһķͬҲǲ༫󣬾ý˵еĽǽп׳ôߣĽһŶûխ٣ľ޽֪ؽ֮⣬ϸϸͬһһ㣬һ
ôУĶģ˵ܴ½򣬶һʲɹĲƸ
һЩǧѣһγܼĵ֣֮վʯ̨ǰоǾһʿȴųʦɳһ졣
ĳ棬ׯ£Īһ֮С
ǵԪ׷µô
ǵȫأ
ǷǵϵЩݹǣ
ͷоޱȳأħӣȫûһʼôΣգУĲս·һҳҳķصʷ顣
߰ɡ
úĽܷѩͻȻ˵ͷ˾뿪ƬĹڣ
̵̤ʱͻȻܵһɱ⡣
Χɷ·ʹ鲻ԽĽŲһ١
ߣĽܷѩѾħռһֱͬǰסӵĵһʱ䣬Ҳͣ˽Ų
ǡ̤һɱ֮أ
Ľܷѩ˵
΢΢ü⴦ɱ֮أ֪γɵģΪõ󷨣ѵɷȻγɵģ
ţ֪̽ܣη֮ĸ֪ʮֵΧһɹɾɱ֮һγĵƣЩ֮У̺Ʒߵķ
ַҲħеɷȻγɵģ򲻻ôһһ˿ĺۼ
⴦ӦǻԪˣϹµĵɵģǸղżıڣҲɱ֮ɱԴ
Ľܷѩƶϳ˾ɱ֮γɵԭ
ԪˣȻгڵ˽ܣȥ޹Ҳɢǿɵ
ͱȥа֮ͻ춴Ӷֱʧǻ磬˼ˣҲ޼֮û˼񵽣ֶͿݻɷݻɾء
춴ӣܿ˴֮󣬱һʱУһΪ߽Уͻᱻ֮УԶˡ
Ľܷѩ̤ľɱ֮أֻɱ֮ȴǳǧĴġ
ħӣԳһ磬һ룬ͱȥ֮⣬ħлһЩصΣգЩΣջ࣬Ƕܴ½˵µһˣһҲɡ
ʶôǽħӶȥ޻ء
Ľܷѩɫأ÷ǳ֣һСģǾͿھɱ֮䡣
ǲҪУɱ֮ǵʵܸ岻ȥ
Ľܷѩ˵ҲôģЩȱϢʮ꣬޾ѧΪķ򣬽֯һѾݻɰĴ·ȻΪõģȴҪΪõ󷨸Ӿһߴٲ
ֽȡһƷʥɱ֮صһ˹ȥ
磡
ֻһ죬һâ˼Ʒʥ֮ϡ
âʮֵĲۣǵâ׳ļƷʥ֮ʥȻһһ˲ڻâ֮ɷĩ׷
һĻ׼Ҳǵһ
ٵһƷʥҲȻâգۼͽһƷʥۣ糾ɢ
Ҫ
һЩʥǿ߶δˡ
ңɱ֮ػֻչ¶ɽһǣȥǻâԽԽǿңܳľɱ֮ʱ򣬾ʥߵҲδûΣգ
Ԫˣˣ¶а벽𼶵ڤ۷ʱҪǿ󣬶˿ֹܻһµĵ֪Σա
ǡĽܷѩ˵Щγ֪ûлң˼һĽܷѩ˵Ԫ׷ǣȻµΪˣǿֻµػӦò϶ĵˣҲһ㣬ǿ뿪


1376 ʮʬ
ھɱ֮бĿڤϸĸ֪
кɷϢԪĵӱϰ֮µĵȻкɷϢ档
һǡ֮
һԼ̨ʱ򣬳֮ܵΪơν֮ʵǾߺһ
ȷʵ֮Ľܷѩ˵
⸱ӵе֮ˣв壬ɱ֮֮Ҳ֮С
໥ϣӦ߳Ƭ
֮ԳΪе档
֮У󣬵ţϲçϢɢǺɿռ䡣
ĽܷѩҲʩչ֮һڰһƬħз·ӭĵĴգˮﻨ㣬Ľܷѩʩչ˹ĺɿռ佻һ
·ĽܷѩСǰ
ǲӲĵͬͬƬƽе
һ̤ԭľɱ֮ɿռ͹˫֮
еĸַҲĽܷѩͬԴСһһǰ
һｵһԭɱ֮ɵɱ󣬼Ʒʥ˲飬˫֮Уȴ絴ˮһ㣬Ȼ̺Ӵ󣬵ȴޱȣûɱ
һʱ֮Ľܷѩı߳ƬɱΧһߣֻصһʼϤħС
Ǻںɫʯڣ߲ԶǸִޱȵصĽ۲ɢһɲçۻϢ
ħӵʱ򣬾Ѿˣ޷˵ڰ֮Уͷ
ħ̫ˣģֻħӵıɽһǡ
ȥ֪жΣա

˵ĽܷѩһȲǰС
ħ֮У̫𺳵ĳĽܷѩ˲֪ãǽ¿ʼģʲôճסǵĲӣʮѡ
ͷһǽİɫ˿ߣһ㡣
ЩкܴճԣһŲȥͺѳˡ
Ľܷѩֻ಻ԽԶԽࡣ
Щӿһ룬Щ붼һ˶ߣĲ
һȥĴ뿴ͷ·޾һ㣬֪ж١
ø֪̽һû̽ͷ
߽һ룬Щһһ͸塣
ޱȳԾǣЩһľ֮У棬ˡ
ÿһ֮Уһˣ
Ȼ֮зŵĻˣгǧͷһ
Щӡ˲ȫ࣬һЩͷϳǣոƬһЩͬħ
ЩʲôˣѾΪʲôᱻУ
оЩˣ֮ǰЩŹǣϢȫͬ
Щһľ壬ҲԷֱ档
ܿ϶Щеˣǰߡ
ʱķ֣ڰ˿֮ϣһ˿
Ѿܵ˿һ𣬻Ǻܿɹ۵ġ
е˿ħݶȥ
ЩǴ꾧гģ
ͷ׷˿Դȷʵǳ꾧壡
ĪǣЩ˿ԭþǴ꾧гȡԴ꾧зӡ
ʶЩͷһ̽ܣȻΧ˵Ƶĺۼ˿֮䣬зת
Ҳ˵ǰﲼ˴󣬽ǧǿ߷֮Уַ֮гȡ
ֶΡ
զࡣ
Щ֮еǿϣܲǶѾˣܷ֮ǰѾˡ
ôʬɴ󡭡ħֶΣǻԪΪ𣿡
˵
Ľܷѩҡͷδʬ塣
ţһ
ĽܷѩЩ꾧壬˵ѧ磬кܶΪӳֲ˼ֶΣһЩҩӳǶЩѾǱµľǿ˵ûʲôЧǲĻɻִδˣȡֹ١
ʱ磬Żʱ٣һ꣬ʮַ꣬ʵ㲻٣ˣǷ֣ʱܹӳҲ޵ġ
䣬ڤڤ֮з·ַ谭ǿ߻øá뵽µķԼ֮Уó˯ֹһҲܻøһЩվЧޡ
Ľܷѩ˵ţ²ǰ꾧ܾƵ񾧡
ԪΪ׷٣ҸоЩ˲ǻ׷ߣǲ塣
ȷʵǣǿʥ壬ʮǰһսУܴ½ߡ
Ľܷѩһ˵ʱһȷʵֿܡ
Ԫʥʬ壬ǻŵķ²󷨣
ֶΣԺҲǣһɳ·ϲ֪ɱ˶ˣĴ֮ôߵһ
οʥ֮䣬ǲݣʥʴȣҪȡ
󷨻;Ϊʲô
о󷨲ʥھô򵥣һͨ󷨴Ԫ
ţͻȻоȫ䣬һɲǣоԼһɱˡ
תͷһֻЩܼĴ֮Уһ뱳һ˫ɺ۾
һͷֱ۵ĹŹһĶĿĽܷѩ
ʲô
ĳѪǹʱﶯˡ
ٶȿ쵽˫Ȼһ̤棬廯һӰɱ糤һǴ̵ֱۣȻն

һ죬ѪǹǴײһ
ֻоһɾ޴ޱȵĳֱӱƷˣѪӿ
ÿµ
Ҫ֪˰Ŷݼ֮Ѿڣ⼼ʩչǼҲֹѹˣ
ֻ˵ֹľҪߵöֻ࣬оϵľѹƣЧ
ӳ̫
ͷԪõ󷨣ʮʱ䣬δزΪһЩʣһЩѳ꣬ħӵһ棬漣֮УһѳƵ֮УͼͨɽϹħͷ
ǳ漣֮оϹħͷ߻ġ
һҪħΧɷɵĶħֲһ򱶣
𣡡
һһצ£ħеɷ͵ͬˮһ㱬
µɱ·ҪΧһС


1377 
ɱ̫Ҳ룬չɿռ䣡
ĽܷѩҲٴУһ̤ǰɿռһ
ͣ
˫֮УȫǣǽĽܷѩ˫˺ˣǴ̷·һԽһиռ䡣
ʥǿߣֻĳλʥܵԼޣ
Ľܷѩ˵ʱѾٻа֮Ӱ׻֮עѪǹ֮ϣþ
һǹ̳ա
̫ײǹâ֮ϣ
¡¡
ֲķ籩ϯħӣΧĴ˷ӵƣ籩ײ֮ϣվûܶҡĴ
͵ıըУĽܷѩҲǻӳеĹ⽣ĹӿֲһնŴ̶ļХ
ҫ۵һУ·ƾսһ̫ᵽħ֮У
ǿĹУǹ﷢һŭı𣬱Ľܷѩĺһˡ
۵
һ죬̫صײϱ֮ϣϱڵľ𶯡
ȫѪȴȻ
֪һɨʱһû̫صˣѪ˲٣ʵֻ˵Ƥѣûκ⡣
ԼĽܷѩĺһȻûоȫҲʹ߰˷̫Ȼûش
Ƕôµķ
Ľܷѩ鷳ˣﵱһʥǿߣھʮʱ䣬ƺΪӡ̫ãѾʧȥʶֻʣ¹ıܡ
ǰĹʽã۾ҲһƬ磬ûаǻ۵ӣʽԭʼֱĺӲӡʮʱ䣬ѾǼˣĽܷѩҲܻɱԷ
ʱУ̺һɱ⣬ͷƤһ飬ȻתȥȴǼֻ̫Ӵ뱳˳
ǰֻ࣬ȫѪɿݣǷв򣬵ϵϢȴʮֿɲ
ı󣬻վһ췢ӡ
췢սף˫Ŀ֮Уɫȼգһͷҷ趯ȫϢͬһ顣
췢ӵƣоԼѪ·Ҫѿ붼֪һǵһλߣǽ
һ±ӡʮ꣬ҲܹԸ˵ģ
ңһ˫֮Уܵһ˿ǻ۵ϢԷʶģЩֻʣ¹̫ܵ
һ˲䣬ܵݵΣ
Ľܷѩȫ䱸շѪǹĶ߳˺ĽܷѩҲǺأһĶսˡ
ǲսʤǰĴڣΨһܵľûԪµ󷨣ԪӦ֮һЩԸЩֶΣЩ̫ﲻһֱǻ뿪ˡ
ǾֶΣҪصļϢʱҵȴҲ졣
һ̣Ȼļȴľˮø֪ٵɨΧƣѰҿõĵ㡣
ĽܷѩҲͬ
Ǻ췢ӷ·ĽܷѩЦˣЦݲҰף¶һڷļ
ͽ͡Ŭ
췢ӾȻˣ
˵ɬʮӲһݣϵ췢ǻۣû뵽ǻôߣʮķӡûܵʲôӰ졣
ĵˣôӮ
֪ôʱͻ
߲ԶǸִһȻ

ײĿ촫ЩȡһӸ߿նȥɽ룡
ʮһֱͬ˵Ķģ
ǡ
д󾪣ߵľ޴죬ÿһʮﳤһȻ˷Ĳ⵽ǶܻӶ
䣡
ʯײʯħӵʯڣ
˿µƣݡ
Ǹս׵ĺ췢ӣ֮Ŀһ˿ɵ֮ɫĿһۣĬĬڰ֮С
Ÿһ̫Ҳˡ
Ǿô뿪ˣһ㣬ѵǡ

ʱһֲħһµұڣϯ֪Ľܷѩγɵˣ
еɷеĻµбȫʧ
ÿµ·޾Զţ飡
ǡ

ŷѪǹڵϣվ̧ħӵﲻ˿޾ڣ·ͨʱա
֮ǰоһֲ²⣬ܹ̫ŽɵģܹҡĴڣֻͷӡħеغˡ
ղŵ֤Ĳ²⡣
ħһͷŵģ뵱ԪĪϵĺ
ħӵػˡ

Ľܷѩħӣǧͷ峤ǧȫǺɫۼףǸɽ˫ͬĻչ֮ڱβ񷡣
ޣڴ֮ǰĽܷѩԼû
ǣӦòɺϡĽܷѩ˵ǶЩ̫ľ棬ǲߡ
˵Ļôĳ˵ǵõħػߵϿɡ
Ľܷѩһۣȥ
ʱԶ̧֮ͷȥֻ߽̤գƷ
һʱսѪǹû̫ţһк壬о塣
壿ѵǻԪ׷ߣ
ͷԪ׷߻˴䣿


1378 ʱ֮
µߣ£ûʲô
ǵϢȴǳǿȵĴһ㣬η
ԷȻ壬׷ĵǣϸܵһ˿ɷϢ
һӦǻԪˡ
ǰ
һԭӡУħѾһأʮǰЩڣ͸սˣû뵽ǻ˻š
ʵϸ룬ʮһսٲңҲһЩҴߣʥ嶼һЩ˴οǵԪ׷ǡ
ǿħдʮ꣬Ҳļʮ֮һˡ
ĿһۣɨһĽܷѩĽܷѩ飬ЩŹ֡
ȻΪĽܷѩ⸱Ůԭ
λǰǻԪǰĵӣʵ
ûлشֻ˵ɡ
˵꣬ħȥ
һ£Ľܷѩһۣ
һ·ϣһԲҲʡ
ģܵһӴϢ·ԽԽһޱǿĴڡ
ǿڣ⣬Ǻˡ
һǾη֮顣
׷ԪޣǺεȷɣ
һ·ʱʱħĵͳ೤Ǹղŵŭ𣬶ͭӣƵӣϵħлص·Ҫǧһ㡣
ڰɢȥڣħеĺ
ֱһħӣ峤ǧľ޴ռһ룬ǧ˵򵥣վǰʱ򣬲̵ĸܵǺεȵӴ
һһǳ
Ҫ֪һͨǣҲֱˡ
ںǰͬһ΢һС
ƺڳ˯˫ĿڰУӴ֮У̺һޱȿµϢܿܿ飬Ϣ֮¶սս޵ϣ޵һԺ죬ǳ
ɵǳľ޴ͷ­֮ǰеĿĵһĻ
ı׵ǡǡ֫ϣ˴ִЩһоԭеһ
ÿһа˺ϱô֣ѹɽ롣
ľĩһ޴ޱȵĿ˺Ѫ֮У˹ͷ
Ϊ̫ԶŸѾĹⳤһ𣬳˺ںɫһƬ˿˴Ŀġ
޴ĺǱ
뵽һԵĳ֮УǿĴڣȻ͸ȫ⣬ʮꡭ
Ϊʲôˡ
в뵽
ߣһݵĻߵʥ岻ΪԾס𣬺һսʱʦҲΪȼȫ˳Ѫˣ䣬޷⿪ˣǿƿֻͬסעѪ֮ǿޱȣҲŲһ꣬ʦ㲼˻󣬳ȡؾԪѪֲ֮Ϊյȥ
󡭡˸ղſЩ񾧷ʥǿߣǾνĻˡ
ⷽģ
ʥסôԪʥ˲û
ǲݵĳް
ţͻȻǰĿռһŤһŻƾճ֣Ż֮𽥱ʵһߴΰӡ
ɣǰͬͯһ
ɫ԰ףϸźںɫۼף˫Ŀǳһ㣬޾
ûɢµȴ֪䣬Χ֮Ť·ܲסĴһ㡣
˲ǰӾǺĻ
ǰ
һĽܷѩҲ
ɨĽܷѩʮϢʱ䣬磬֮ȫĤһ顣
ܳסԪĵľѪڰŶݼѾ룬ԪʵΪ½ߣߵһҲˣһ֮ġ
ۣľϵĳɾͣԪҲǷ˫ޡ
Ԫ´Уұָ⴫̳Уû뵽쵹㣬׼ô
׼ˡ˵ֱԪţɼԪǴϵֵܡսѵĹϵ
һ˵ʵԴ𣬵ҲֲͬļЩޣӵѪеٮٮߣҲ˿²⣬ǰĺˣӡԵӴֻжǣӵо޴˫ᡣ
ȥɡ˵ţһһʱ֮š
ʱ֮У¶һɹϲçϢη
кܶţҲûжʣһ̤ʱ֮š
Ҳȥɡ
ӶĽܷѩ˵
Ľܷѩͷ֮
ĿĽܷѩ֮УĬ
ߣص³һԪĴУȴһ½λ桭û뵽Ҳܼ̳ˣ½λ桭չѳ˲ţ֪ڻԪмֶá
Ҳһ꣬Ҳأʱ䣬ǵĿҲͰ׷ˣǵ˼ҲûʲôҪǣ˷ʦĵľѪ
˵䣬ʼޱ顣
¡ộϵ㾫ͨҲܿӸΪʵѪ֮ҿŶݼףǵľѪԭ򣬶ĳɾͣľѪܹѡǼõ֤츳ҲӦǶһ
޷ʵսֻܸĸƲһ򶥼Ѿ൱ߵˡ
˵΢΢ҡͷֻ̾ϧԪµĴѶ̫ߣҪ̳мܣԪִ̫ˣ׷½λ棬˸ѶȵĴУܼ̳Укã
пţʱѾ̤ʱ֮š
뿪ʱ֮ŵһɲǣʱоŲһ·ԳܵѹԼϡ
һԲɵĴ֮УտޱȣһƬš
ʱĽܷѩҲˣһԡ
⴦
ĽܷѩоӽƬ֮󣬾һԵѹ֮Уѹֵĸоϵѹ֣Ҳ;֮ѹ֡
·Ƭ֮УһεѹԼȫתѹѪҺ˼롢֪ѹˡ
ѹ˷ǳܡ
Ǻ֮ĺ֮
ͻȻ˵ѹǺ֮γɵġ
֮Уһޱȵĺ֮Ǻ֮ĳΣĺ֮


1379 踺
֮γʵۣ춴ƣһƺ֮ǳ
ĽܷѩڵĿռУôһƺ֮ƮܣΪƺ֮춴һյһʡ⣬Թں֮ϣҲᱻǸ
ȴеĴڣΪֲԶԽߵꡢȫλѹ
ǵԪµĹʵأ
վ֮УҪķѲ
ܸ֮ܵŨޱȵĺɷϢϢҲֻлԪܹ¡
Ԫ𵽵״ﵽʲô磬һ֮Ժüĸ֣Ȼ䣬ЩˣҲʲôý㣬ԪѾ񾳽żˡ
ڴ룬һ̳̳ϵһ޴ͭӣͭӸʮɣ԰һ档
ڼ̳֮ϣ̳ɵ֡Ԫӣ
Ԫӣ
ӦǻԪʥ
ܴͭϣܵһɺƴϢ֮еϢһޡ
ڼ̳룬һʯţʯʮɸߣɢŹϻçϢ
ȻʯҲǳԻԪֱʣŻԪӺʯһݡ
ΪߣԲ죬أǲܲǰͣ߱Уִ򣬶Կ֮أģ뾴ηЩȴΪ̾˴֮·ûǣûдУû˱ݼ
һ֮󣬷ڼ̳֮һɫСĽȥϵĻҳ֪Уֻһ仰
Ԫߣڼ̳볤Ծ֮ĸлԪ֮ţֱʯſ֮գ֮·Уأ踺֮ģԴ߹裬۷塣
ڼ̳֮ϣԾ֮ĸлԪ֮ţ
ԭΪԪµĿ飬Ӧս龰벻һ踺أԡ
Ԫǰ׼ܹļ̳ߣȻʾܻ֮ĸ鲢ǵѣĥ־
ţϼ̳룬ֱӹ˵ϡ
ʱź¡¡ͷ֮ϣмʮɸߵĻԪӻۿҪС
ɹڵϣƾԪ¡

һ죬̳Ȼһ£ͬԪ֮һ𣬱˻Ԫ档
Ԫһ˲䣬̸ܵһɿֲѹԼϡ
Ǻ֮
ڻԪڣ̺˴ĺ֮Щ֮ȻûֱѹϣǵĴڱƬձóصĿ¡
лԪסƬնҪΪܲסֱ֮ӱˡ
ڣ֪Ԫ˵踺ʲô˼ˣԪסĿռ䣬ѹﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȡ
оԼȫѹ֮£ǵһ񺣺ֱӾҪѹˡ
һԪȫתǿԪͬסѹ
ǿ󣬳ѹʲô
ڼ̳֮Уһ¡
Ԫ֮һƬڣֻǰĻԪ֮ţɢĹ
֣֮Ԫ֮ڵѹڲϵǿ
ֹʮ죬ѹѾǿʮֿµĳ̶ȣüиֳа֮ӰԼƾа֮סƬռеѹһ㡣
Ѿˡ
ĬĬĹţѹҵϢϵΧԪάԪġ
ѹԽԽǿѹ£ʮ죬ɳܣʱپãʮ죬ʮ죬ƣͣȫⱻѹʹޱȣԪģԹ˵ǼĿ顣
ûһǿʵĸһ踺أ̲ε֮ģܼ
޹ֻԪĿ飬־ᶨĻопܡ
˶Ǻºڰͼįģ˹ڼžСгкȵĹҪץһ£Ҫⲻɡ
ⷽ棬Ҫǿö࣬ǱںڰܱտռУҹҹѹĥ֪
Ѿʱ䣬ǻԪ֮ʼ˿ûκο˼
ѹǿ̶ֳȣԪ֮ȴûа㿪˼Ŀ飬ȷʵ֮С
ѾһţܻԪĿ飬ɣһţ;ƿˡ
;ƿݵ£ǻԪ֮ɶһ㣬ϣȴ˿ȫԤϲʱգ˵ľп֪
⿼飬δ̫˵㡭
ţͻȻһȻ֣ʯ֮ϣ֪ʱʼֳһǳǳĵƣͬˮһ㡣
ļǵãһʼʯ֮ǰʯϻûֵƣȻʯޱȣ̺ϢЩ֮ʯ֮УûԻҪƿʯţȥԪµĴȻǳ˵Ρ
ڣЩ·ȴȫֳչǰ
Щ·ǰĻʯ֮ȴֱʱĻʯ̾һ򱶣
ʯ̣ҲƷ֣֮еĻʯ̣̫ܻڲųֵģʱĻ֮ѾˣЩʯֻ̿ķʯʯԳܼ¼̫Ļ編򣬻ֱӱ顣
ȻЩʯ̣ȴ̫ʱ򣬻֮кܶ£ͳˣҿܻʯ䣬¼ķ̶Ȼر
ǰԪĻԪ֮ţֶĻʯ̡
һ飬ʮɸߵľ޴ʯ̣̺֪ٻԪ֮
дϲ缢ƿʵĹĦţţԣκˣοʯ֮ǰͲһˣٲѾᳵ·
Ȼǵ͹Ԫ֮ϴ·̶ȡ
ʱţԪ֮ϵ·ԽԽڲϵı仯ţ̺ӦӲϾһֵûвȫףһֵļ䣬һʱ
ѹԽԽأ
˵ĸ£ܱտռгŵĺ֮ƺԽԽ࣬ռȫѹ·ѪⶼҪһ㡣
ȻԴ߶ȫԪӲĿסȻǳ֮ƣѹԽԽأ¸Ҳᱻĸɣ;ƿݡ
ΪͬУ۸ǿ۳ѹԼɳƵһ
Լȥô͸ŵġ
Ŀڤϸռк֮ķ֣йɿѭ
Щʯ̣ЩÿƽԪڵĺɷ
ԭˣˣԪڻԪڵĴ֮Ƕ߲ʯ̳ɹĿˣĲôͻΪܲסѹʧܣ
ʶһ㣬лȻʣҲԪƾԼԺ⣬Ƴ


1380 
ԪʵһʼͻΪܲסѹ̭
㣬޷ѹͼį֮µľֲԪִ֮·һ̡
ˣԲУ޷ʯ̵˵Իʯ̺ķ֮ԿԪӵѹˡ
Ҫͨ飬ʵԣȱһɣ
ʱһĹȥ֪ţϵ򣬲ϵľУԪڵѹԽԽ
һδκ֮ĳԻԪ֮еķƽ⡣
ʵսУԻ編ҲԽԽ
ʱȥˡ
ڻԪ֮⣬߰ʱ䣬ʹδƿһ
ˣ˵ĹȻûӣѾŹʱ䣬ܴøá
յʦƵĿˣʱ䣬Ѿţʱˡ
֪ڻԪΣľ޷̽顣
ԪµĿ˼Ϊ̣Ҫ̳һֲѡ
Ҫ̳Уȴ졣
⵹ǻԪѿߣǻԪⱾҪ¾Ҫ󼫸ߡ
ɵʲô̶ȣԪʹ㴫¶ӦĻԪ⣬ǿûഫҲѧᣬûκˡ
ѹټְӦû⣬һʱһܲȥͿ컯ˡ
߶ԻʱƵĴ
һ֮ڣԼ
һ죬סĻԪͻȻʼ΢΢˺֮궯
еʱе֮ѹ
ԭĺֻ֮Ĵ֮УѹϣȴһˣЩ֮纣һһĳ壬ȫѪⶼѡ
ǣ
ϥƹǷ΢Ҫѹˣѹľ֮˷籩
һսХֱӽ֮ķ籩ѹ
ͬʱһźɫԲ黺ͷתš
Ļ춴ӡ
춴֮֮ǳصһʡ
л춴ѹܵѹʱࡣ
ͬʱҲӡ
Ԫ֮ϵʯֱ仯ˡ
۾һ
֣Ԫ֮ϵʯֳ̣һ书ھ֮⣬һЩЩڳƣÿһƣ̺ϣΧзת
ǡԪУ
һʱ֮󣬻Ԫ֮ѾǺݻԪУ
ѹеļȲĿȥļһ̴ﵽ˿µĳ̶ȣÿһͼֻ֣ǴڼϢʱ䣬ָ̺ӵӡ߳ķھʽЩ˲סĿ
ˣлԴγһֻС
֪Ѿ˶״̬ǳõĶ
״̬
һͼһͼԪ
ڻԪ֮ϿѪɫţѪɫ̺˿һ۱㲻ԾĳС
Ѫɫ֮ϣħӰǵУһԶʱࡣ
ĻԪ⣬ħߺһ
֮ǰѧϰģֻħˡ
ԭԪ֮ţʵǻԪġ򡯣ԪԾֶΣԼѧĻԪ⣬һ鶥ĻʯϣֶΣ̾Ϊֹ
ҲֻлԪںﵽǷ켫ӵ˾ֶΣ
£ԪеѾ֪ʱţΨһܼ֤ʱ仯ģǾڻԪڣѹϵӵĺ֮
ȻԼҲڲϵرǿԺ⣬Ҳڲϵļ
ƾ֮ѹӣȴʼͬһڹһ㣬ɶҡ
ͷ춴תа֮Ӱ֡
缢ƿʵѧϰŻԪдУ֪£֪ƣ
֪ΪѾﵽ񺣺ھ
񺣡䡢ÿһ綼ֻС磬ǻű䡣
ȫ״ֹ̬˲֪ãԪڵĺ֮Ũȴﵽ˼¡
ˣÿһռ䶼˱ɸɽֲ
ͺñȣһȫˮ֮Уܵѹ֪
л춴ӣа֮˫ѹ־ͨƤҲھ޴ѹ֮£ѡ
һ˿˿Ѫ˳
ܵѣȴû˿仯֮ǻԪĻȻѹҵƤ⣬Ľҵɣ
һ̣һľٶһ˿֮Լڣ
ص֮⣬Ѿɼѹ֮󣬶ƻǻᱻŴٱ̽Ϊ޷̫ˣѹθ
ڶԺﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣȻհ֮
֮£СĽһ˿֮Լ塣
֮һ˲䣬оԼѪֱѹˣѪ֮ô֮ܳܺ
֮ľÿһ磬ѹһѪ⡣
飬ѪֱȴΪ·һ㡣
ľʹȫĵתɷ֮
ֱĵ̫࣬ŻԻһָһЩ֮󣬼δɵ
һһ㣬һ˿һ˿̼Ϊÿһ֣ѹͻһ֣ľͻԽԽ졣
򲻸ˡ
ʮʱ䣬ڳ˵һƺ֮
֮ԴϢ֮һӵˡ
һ̣ޱȼӽ쿪ʼĺɿռвֻǳź֮ĳΣĺ֮
к֮ĺɿռ䣬ûк֮ĺɿռ֮ͨɷں֮ŨĿռжҪܼѹ֣Ч֪һɿռ䣬ͽľ򣬶Կѹ֮£ǵս޷ӣ
ѹпϲ飬ԼĵԪָһЩ֮󣬱㿪ʼյڶƺ֮
ÿһƺ֮Ҫ֪Ŭܶʹ࣬Ҫģ
·ħһ㣬֪ƣš
ʱԣȫʧȥ壬ǵʱ䣬ֻǵ˶ƺ֮
Ԫڳܾ޴ѹʹ࣬Ҳˣ˵Ѿϰߣ֮ܺѹ
ÿһƺ֮ὫѹƵ͵ĺۻȴҲ൱ɹˣ
ˣ
ڻԪ֮⣬ԪĵӺʱǵԪһ֮ÿһ죬Ƕϲһ֡
ڣѾꡣ
ʦĴУˡ
һ߸пӯΪԭֻܴħ֮У޷ȥû뵽ǻԪһдյһ졣


1381 ħټ
ڻԪ֮һʱ䣬ȫû뵽ģʵϣԪµĿ飬ڳ֮ܺѹ֮£Ԫ⣬Ԫ֮š
ٶȣҪ߱ԡ
ԭ߶Ϊܳ»ԪĿ飬ֻҪʱ䣬ܿԪ֮ˣڣȴѾȥꡣ
ᵢôʱ䣬Ϊ֮
һ£ʮƺ֮
Ԫ֮ڣѾѾȫú֮ѹѹԼһֿˣΪע֮оȫò
ڣյĺ֮ﵽļޡĵϢ֮£ڵʮƺ֮һɺٴγ֮еأ
Ѿͨأɺøӿ
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ĳڻԪϣֻһԪӱˣ
صڻԪ֮䣬ԪڵĶ磬赲ĴݣһֱħӣͬԶŴƴ֮飬쳹
һ̣ħ֮⣬ʥħ½ǣصؼ
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ԭΪ֪ͨʮͨѾ֪ѪɱԭԭϢ
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ѪɱԭǾ𺳣ϻ̳Ͽ֡
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⵽ʲô
ѵǴ˵е
ϴ֮£ηһЩˣΪٶĤݡ
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ȻڣĻվһЩֻǰֻڣİ벽
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뵱꣬Ԫĵ壬ʮ겻Ϣ
ʮ겻ãǱֺ纣һѪ֮ʮ꣬εȿ£
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ֱ֮󣬻ԪڵȫŸɾſܸ࣬ſѡ
ǻԪŹǣ
վ֮ǰźϴѹֿ˻Ԫϵĵơ
ȷʵֻ𣬲ڹƿ˷ӵĵơ
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źһݡ
һ֮ʼһʯңʯ֮У⺡֮⣬ֻһʯʯ֮ϣڷһһ߼̨̨֮ϣһС
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ѵ
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ɫԲӤȭͷСʯʯ෱ӵħơ
Բ֮УеһɺƴѪ֮·ǻŵġ
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ͷ
Ȼȴֲܿ϶ʱһϵ쳹ڴ֮䡣
飬ǺѪƷԶҩ֮ϣĺ飬Ѿʥˡ
ͻһݣѵǻԪ
֪̽ҪѰܴڵģԪķֻ꣬Ȼȴδҵ
ʱʶͻȻֻǻԪ󷨼¼ԪĻǣ
ϧվδһûԪķɣħ֮δҵԪµķֻ꣬ûҵ
ֻ˻ԪŹǣһŻԪ֮ġ
ԭħǺ顭ħеûֻ֣ǲͬ˸ǲͬ֡
û뵽ħ飬Ǳʥˣ
Ҳǣʥ嵱겻֪˶ٴۣŷһսΪˣǻвֹһ𼶸䣬δܶħ飬ưոݣ
룬ԪǲµĽҲⲻסʥ塣
һǿĿ壬ӵ޾ǿߣżʮ꣬ĵ̡
壬ϧһдȥһ飬Ǿͺֹˡ


1382 칬
С֮еħ飬ֻӤȭͷСһħ飬ɽһ㡣
ħ̺ľԪ֮ǰҵǿħ黹Ҫǿʮ
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ħܹ꣬ƬôħӦþܹѪ⾫ԪѪ
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ʵָܹغ飬̫̫ˣҪһΪСοʥǿ󣬻Ҫ壡
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ֱڻһڴʥ֮У˲õıԱΪߴеĶ
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ˣһ˲Ԫ칬һ𣬷·Ԫ칬֫죬еһнƣһнָơ
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ʱҲĽܷѩ
ǱһܱյĴ֮Уû취ȥ
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ʱ䣬ĽܷѩһֱڰıչأĵȴҪģĽܷѩȴʼղ꣬ţʱϵԽãڻԪĿлõĺôԽܵȵһĶˡ
ĽܷѩȻϣ˦ΣգԼһæҲﲻϣ֮ǰڤĿȼյȫѪ;ƿݶ
ΣĽܷѩټ
ʱ䣬ĽܷѩڱչؿޣһһĥԼŮͬʱԼΪ
Ľܷѩԭʹﵽ벽磬Ůһǧ
ĽܷѩǱıչ֮ʱͻȻоǰĿռһŤһ̣ͬ˲һ㣬ƾճ⴦֮С

Ľܷѩһдϲ
Ȼ̬ã̲ס֣ڼƽ£ʵȻһ󲽣
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ʦ㣬õˡЩΣܻԪĿʱȴĽܷѩôһ꣬ʵû뵽顣
ްﶼƽʱһαչأʮ궼ϡ档


1383 䣨ϣ
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Ľܷѩͷȱľʱ䣬Ϊ̫츳ٽʥѾʼжڰƵ˷˼ϡ
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ԪӽԼʱоԼ࿪ʼҵÿһ·ҪѹȫѪҺ޴ѪѹѪţƤʺ죬ޱȡ
ĽܷѩҲƵ״

Ԫ壬ȫ֮УһɲǣȫһѪеѪȫ
Ѫ֮ԭоѪΪһĻתԽԽȣ·һɽ緢ЩӿҽѪ֮УѪҺȥ
ߣĽܷѩҲͨ죬㺹졣
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ˣҲ㹻ˣ
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һɷת
ɷ򣬴澫֮һļ£һתֻбܣûǵѪֵܵ
ܿ죬ЩѪⶼգ
ߣĽܷѩȻɷ򣬵ת֮ΪĳǵǿĽܷѩӲƾ֮ѹЩѪ֮еĻ־ܣҲѪ⾫ˡ


1384 䣨£
һʱ䣬ĽܷѩѪ֮ڷӣǵҲ̥ǣ
þѪ֮ҵкô
дϲڵѪڲѪҺͬ󽭱ӿ
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ˣһʡ
޷
֪ԪǰǷѾڻԪ칬һʬǣƻԪǰŹǣɵ㣬ţԪǰʮ͸
ԪĽ֣Ҳص̾Ϣһ˵Ԫ಻꣬úһ֮Ѿ;ƿݣڻԪ칬֮бأһأһ꣬ٺһûӰԪ칬ͿصǸŹǣҲԪˡҲԭ򡣡
е˼飬Ԫضɹһ٣ô͸ôӻԪ칬г˲֪ܲѵԪˣ
ǰ֪֮ǰǰ˵ʮǰһսʥ岻ʲμӣʥҲǾǿ˰ɣΪʲôͨ̾Ϣǽ
벻̾ϢǽҲ֪̾ϢǽȷʵΪԽߣԽԽǣ¶һ޶ȣΪߵ㹻̶ȣһ̶򣬾ͱ񾳽ǿߣǸʹޱȵĴۣͿ˺̾Ϣǽ
̾Ϣǽ糱ϫһ㣬ʱǿʱʮһֻأǿߣѡڳϫ֮ʱʱ˺̾Ϣǽ۾ıԴѪԪʮʱڣΪͨľ磬꣬˺̾Ϣǽģžʥ컯ʥˣ˺̾ϢǽҲܵ˴ˣӦû֮С
컯ʥʡǿߣ
𺳣˵ķ֮⣬֪ĵڶǿߡ
ˣѾļ̳˻ԪĴУǵʹҲˣĿ
˵ţ֮⡣
һǰȫ޷
Ѳˡҡҡͷ˵ңҲ޷뿪
˵䣬ָߣʮǰһսǶԴħ֮УлԪµĽƱӻһħӣӴŧѪ
ͷһˣ̫ˣλǰģ̤𾳽磬һػƳһзӡ䣡
һıǳɾû˻Ȼģ΢΢һЦıãȥ֮ǰһǳҪĶҪ㣬㶨Ҫúô
Ӧǰģһ


1385 ֮
ɡ
һ֣һ⽫˵Ӱ˲ʧֻоռһתһ̣ѾһȫĿռ䡣
⴦ռޱȹޱ޼ʣվĵطһçĴء
ɫޱ޼ʣѵʯɰûаϣżɼ޴ĹǺ֪ʲôµģһ޴ĺǣڵ£¶Ĳͬȱָ졣
ҲյһƬûƶ䣬ûǳԪʮϡ
żܿĳһͻȻݣһռƽ֮⣬ûаžһƬ
ռ侹ȻȻ֤ĿռѾǳˡ
ţоƬǴ˵ֱٻĴǧ磬ȫޣռ䲻ȡ
ǧ֪꣬һлޡ
ǡ
ҵ硣ĮȻش𣬷·˵һ޹ص顣
һ͡
磡
Ѿ̶ֳ
Ȼޱȣ粻֪Ҫٱȴٻûа
ôȥ֮ƬͿܱ٣
ʱҲҷ
ˣ
֪˵ʲôˣֻʮܣһԪֵƣбȻٮٮߡ
ΰĴڣȻȻĽ֣Ӳľ
ް
ƽѾ֡
ҵʵʮǰ͸þˣǻԪӲû󣬳ȡؾԪѪֲ֮յҹӲдô꣬Ѿˡ
˵䣬΢΢ҡͷƺʮǰĴսʵԪֵΧ֮£ҪѣʱһսѾűٻʮ꣬Ѿ׬ˡ
ĬĬ¾ĳ˵ʮǰһսԪ֪׶༪٣ίȫȫĻħ飬ħȻ󣬵ܲɡ
ħ飬ʥȻٺķѴɱԪ𣬿ûôԭ򣬿Ϊǲħ䵽ʥϡ
ڵٸѰ
̲ס˵ˣʥô
ǣ
ͷ
ǡ֮ǰ˵ǿߣҪ˺ʮ̾ϢڣҲҪķѴԪʮ֮ڵ侳磬ô컯ʥʵ˺̾Ϣڣǿ֮ͨ͸ùر˰ɣЩôźȥ
ҡͷ˵ʥ岻ֹһ񣡵Щ˴֮䲢гڲϵΣҲң鱾ӵһĴ̾ϢڵĹܣȥĴ۾Сˡ

лħħһ컯ʮҲ֮С
ħҲĹܣң͵ؾʱǺؾҲǲϵǿ߽룬˵ʱѾĽܷѩʵﵽ޷룬ʵϣΪħռ֮Уûܵʲô谭
ħȻĹܣħУҲ֡
뵽һҲԼԸһ㣬ҵȥķҲδء
ʧ飬ǻԪһĺºΣ꣬ԪˣԺΪֻһʮ֮ļ־ҽֻѰ֮ϣԪ֮ʱתҼ̳Уȥ̥֮ԣϧʧˡ
Զܱ׷û˸ĻΪԪҲ⣬ֻҲΪѰİ취
ԪȻҪԺΪһʮ֮ļ־û뵽Ԫıô֪ʮɲһĴǧ磬ÿһ죬һ޾棬磬ʵ̫ˡ
𿴳˼ЦǾûԪе쿪˰ɣʵûԪȥͻ񣬳ɾ۷ĻпܳɹΪ桮ۣҲһöӣԪɣ顢ħһʵһγ֮״̬磬ҲӦʮ죬ÿһʮأҲΪĳԭûзɹֻһöӣħͺһ
Ƶ˵ⷬ͵һ
ӣǵһ˵ʶСССħȻ˵һγ֮ǰ״̬
о̫˼ˣԼڣһ棿
ˣҪĶˡ˵ţǰͻȻ֮иֳƣһԲĴ󻺻ֳ
Ӷ־ĻԪڴ룬һӨ˿γɵĴ룬ͨ͸͸ڣ龰
УȻһһ̥ģĶ
ǡ
ܴ֮иܵ纣Ѫ֮ȻһƺȡؾԪ
Ҳ˷ӵĵƣɢ취Ϣ
һаѪԪ̥
һ̣ѾһЩ²ˡ
Ļ֤Ĳ²⣬һе֪ã磬öЩ꣬ҽҵıԴ֮ȫµľѪѪע֮У۳ѪԪ̥ҪҲϣⲻգûħӣʹɣúôȥʶӵĴǧ硭
˵ţ˿ѣƮ˹
һֻޣޡ
ס۾һգգöɳڣһֱûԼޣŸһ츳ıΡгնˡ
ΪԼûãΪҲʵԼޡ
޲ҪˣԼ޵ĳɳȲЩţ˦Լ޵þͻᱻˡ
ڣȴӵһޣ
Լޣ˶ӵУΪ޵ĿͲ࣬ңؼĴޣ״̬޸߰ޱȣĿԼޣ˵ˣԼС
ֻԪ֮еٮٮߣпΪĳЩԵշһͷޣ˵շʵҲǡΪԪսѹϵ
ͷҲֹϵ
սѣ㡣
û˵ʲôĻƾöԼ硣
̵þ֮ޱĹע֮Уĳɳ
һ˵ģȻֵܣ
ͷоˣ㣬Ҳ˵Ӱ죬Ը˶ɳĸðɡ


1386 ȥ
ԪΪĳɳṩΪϵѪĸоܸܵӴѪ
УԽǿ飬Խѷܣޣһö֪ҪĶʱ䡣
ڹȥʮʱѾ˾󲿷֣еѾݻ̥Ҫֻһˡ
뿪֮ǰҸһ䣬²ΪĪҪǿδ٣±ʮǰһθӲң˵ʱҲΪǣս֮УʮֵСжͼ縺ΣǽʱδɳǧҪǿɽڲûա
ⷬȫȰ棬Ҳůůģ˵ǰģ
ͷ̾һ˵꣬ڻԪ;ƿݣúµ˵Լһ߳ƣ䣬Ŵ˵ȴĴһǵ̫Դǽܷ֣ͲʥͻȻ͵Ϯʱ򣬱ôֲ
ܣһԪӵкѵǾ˽֪飿ܣ
˵Ԫк˲֪ԼǻԪ𣬵õıҲᵽΪ
ǣԪܹôãʥô֪
𿴳ɻ󣬽͵ʥ̽ӺӣǧǰͿʼ׼ˣǻϢܶࡣ
˵ţǲ⣬ʥжΪ˲˰ɣΪͨ̾ϢڻҪΪҪѰҩָԼʵ̽һܣôܣ
Ϊʥ̽нӴԪı졣
˵ʵϣʥ˵ǲµӲʥ壬࣬ǻᾫѡһЩҰļ츳ΪǵܽӴˡ
һ˵һˣڤӾ
ڤҰļ츳ָߣʥ忴ˣǰͿʼʥ̽ӸڤӽӴԴͱڤӳΪ
ʥĵ̣ȷʵңڤӱҲ˳Уʥĳֲ֣ڤӵĶ̰塣
ҲԼֶΣ伶ԡԼԼڤӣڤһӣǱʥ岼һ̽Ӷã
ʥ˺ôһ壡
аݣһ𣬲֪Ҫʱ䣬ԴѪ
ڤǱײƣպ󣬺ܻܿΪһΪΪǿʵ˵ֲסջħףꡣ
ô˵ͽ׷𣿡ͻȻʵ
һ˿֮ɫش㵹ǴԪľ׷𣬻Ԫһֱ˵ƽĴ󣬵һѾ˵ˣڶǻԪԺˬ̫׷ݣûп׷ıʣ׷Ԫ֮ǰѾʥ߹ˣûʥ壬Ҳ߲һ
˵ȫˡ
֪ΪʲôʮǰһսԪûѣһ֮ԿֵΧ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܶһս಻֪飬ֱڣҲֻ֪һһ֪ȻǾ֪ҲֻܸɵۣòԪĴС
ʵϣԪеĵһǻԪԴ󣬲˭õı˷һѲ⣬㣡
Ԫǵڶûнף׷𣬽˽֡
ԣ޷塭
ˣħ֮䡢֮ͨ·ӰŮһ壬Ԫ׷֮գԪΪʲô½λǡ
һеһУѾΨһľǣԪھԪ칬еźǲǻԪġ
Ҳħһˡ
ţ𶼽Ͳ塣
ħ֮УѾ̳˻Ԫ²õԪ칬кľԪ
󣬻һޱ
źǣĺվǱʥˡ
Ҳǲɱ飬ʥһûõ飬ǿߣȻһľѪ˺̾ϢǽֱõΪֹҲΪԪǲõĽ磬ܹסʥ֡
ʱȥˡ
½Ҫ飬ҲֻǽǾħ⣬ͬʱһԼĸĸ룬֮󣬾ͻ᷵


1387 ʢ
ܴ½ĵͬһ޴ͭǮ½ܺ붼Ǻ
ΧŴ½ں漣֮ΧĴ
ƶʢһֻʮʷǸոսΪȸ
һȡԭΪĴ֮һȻȸǳǿ߲࣬ȴλȻֻΪʮǰƿܴ½ľǿߣɱѪˣѪΣ
ʱӵоѹԵʵܴ½һƽ٣ֱһʮ˳֣ǿߣɱϾŶʹžŶʹĴֱɱִʮǿߣǶɱƣ񻰰ս
ˣ
Ȼѷܴ½ȴʼ罾һҫۡ
Ĵ˵һ徴Ҳһ߷ܷͼǿ
֣ܴ½ν˲֪˲
ȸµĹˡ˽ģΪԭȸλȻûκһˣҶȸ
ȸӵĴḻԴÿ꣬ȸٰῡܲμӵᣬּʿΪȸӢϾȸʱ̫̣Դȴȱٸ֡
Ϊȸṩʵ̫һȸԴжһģ¿ܣԴȸζһˡ
һգٰ֮ա
һɸɽ֮ϣɽƽʯ̨
̨ܣĴѤɫϼб鲼Ӳӵ¥ʤ
Щ֮Уܴ½Ĵ
쵽
һ¥֮ϣһ䵱˾ǵߴ
ᣬԲ䣬ԸĴƷűȶǵıᣬÿдﵽҪͨ
һ峤Ͱ׵
˾Ǹ󺰣һɷǵİˣ΢Цɺһ峤Ͱס
ѩӵ
֮УԶԶȥһֻοƷ˵һ̹ӨӨ¥ŵǰѩӣŮҲܴ½ǿ
ܹ˾ͨģܴ½һˡ
м̫ϳ쵽
Ŷֵ
һͨһͨһǿߵ
ڳöǰզࡣ
Щǿܴ½ƽʱɰѵһ쾹Ȼô࣡
ʢѽȸžٰѣһһӰһ죬񺣴ܾ˶ʮˣ̫ˣȸĸҲûôӡ
ǵȻҲȸ˵ʮǰΪЩƿ˵ǿĨȥս׷ӡǣնɱƣھһΪ񺣾磬һ˶ԸǷ飬մȸչЩ˲ȥ˻飬ȻҪչµļҾˣʲô飬ġ
ԣεǷϳУһҫ۵֮ŮǾܴ½С룬ŮΨһãǡԺյ˼ˣֵᣬĸ˭Ҳ
ҳСκκδʵˣҲֻ룬ĹҪƺôҲüŶǹĹȵȡ
˵ܴ½ˣŶʼˣҪͿģЦһһСĽš
˫ʮ껪ˣͤͤ
ΪҲһȺۣᣬܶΪڵĸʸߴųɡ
ʣǽԵǣˣֻҶˡ
룬ŮҪȢСǡ
ˣ׷ˣֵվһܰ漣֮ΧʮȦЩĻӣ񺣼ڵῡܣĸ׷룬ûһϵģ׿뱾ò츳̸˵һ㣬Ѿû˵ˣȢٷܶǧ꣡
²ţȺ֮Уһ꣬ͥŲһڹϯϣΧ˺ӵƺһεûκһˣܹմ½ǡ
ЩǷһ˿΢Цʮ꣬һתۣҲͤͤŮˣҷʱһҺСŮ
꣬Ȼˡ
ң֮ǰԼˡƽദһζʱ⣬Ǹ棬硱硱ĽţرһĻա
תʮȥԼûκα仯ȴѾһСŮһ֮Ůˡ
ȥ֣ʱʱЦţĸо񵭶ܰԼ̤֮·ʱ䶼ǹ¼ſͳɱ£ܰ͸Ϊѵˡ
ڹϯϣһͨ˵ӽǣĬĬļ֤˵ϼı仯
ʱʽʼˡ
̨Ϸһյ¥·Ƿܴ½Ĵǣ¥֮ϣƷܴ½һڲ裬÷Ԫ˵ҲǴ֮񺣴ܣδôںȡ
ȸǲƴѽһᣬľɫ裬ο׬ˣҪȸһǵ۵˹Ц졣
֪ţҲõ˵ɣɫ裬֪ҲмޣǰȥǶ㶼ó̫ˣ
ߣһЦŵ٩˵ģȻݳȻˡ
ͷˣǹСطֺõĻˣ
ЦţȻֵ٩ϰΪˣЦʱͻȻһһ
ţôˣʵ
°ͣҡͷܸоˣղźһƮƮĸ֪ӹëһᡭ
һɲǣø֪ɨȫʵûпԼĸֻ֪ĸ֪ʵڳڳ̫ˣ˶
ʱⳡǣڳˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿɾˡ
һİɫĳгѾ൱йģģ˫ֱ޳ԵĴȡһͷ𣬸߸ߵԺ󣬸ɾ䣬ƤһŮѩɣǰдźͮͮɫԲԲͬһ㣬ഺһ˫۾ͬһȪһȥ峺ףûаǡ
룬һഺϢŮ䡣
ĳ֣˹ǵľеգƵһ߳


1388 룬㳤
СС
ܶῡΪźǲ֣ܺǲֻܺСܴ½С֣Ҳֻˡ
һ糱ˮһ˷΢΢һЦǷѽ
Ķ֣һ߸ݵ꣬ҲǶʮ꣬룬Щš
ɨһֵĸϡƽ϶Ķ֡
Ϊԭ򣬴ӲʮͿʼʮʱ򣬾øҩϴ壬жĴѧϰʦָ㣬֮ǰ˹ŷ֮Ѫӵ˹ŷѪ
½˵һͨĹŷ֮Ѫ޼֮ˡ
ţһ͵ģСħһ½磬ŶһһĻġ
꣬Լһ˺ɫǹ
ƺΪݸԭѡһŮǹΪټһ㣬ȴڳῡܷ񻶺뱾θ˫޳һ˳ǹû˿Υ͸УӢʮ㣡
һʼֵƾͱѹˣһսɻʤ
һῡ̵ǳǵϣȸƽߣҲȸչҡŲ뷼ĵӡ
ЩŻеˮƽģ벻١
УһŮע⡣
Ůһ׺ɫȹμΪƤϸ֬촽ӣһ㣬΢΢̣͸¶һа֮⡣
˵ഺʹôŮӾͬҹľ顣
ŮӣҲ츳ߣ£ʵҲѷɫ
Ůӵĳ֣ŵĹâ·ⳡŮӵĶϷ
Ůӣͬв׷ߣΪŮźǵźУҲ֪˺Ůӵ֡˾ͽ
˾ͽ
΢΢һ°ͣһˡ˾ͽ¡
׷һ壬Ķսϣž˾ͽ¡
ŮɣӵϼͨڰֳִѪꪣһսѽѷ֣ձߴѪꪣԱܡ
Աߵ˵λС磬̨ϵŮʲô
һʣԱߵ˺ٺһЦ¶һ˶ı飬ٺ٣ǲעѽȰ㻹Ǳˣ̨Ů˾ͽµã׷ȻԶû׷˶࣬ҲǧˣҶǾ˽ܣҿϡƽǱָˣ
һɵӣķǳϢ½ߵˮƽȻľ͸ˡ
һ㵣ĸоȣ˾ͽã
ѽųɳ˾ͽһӵϼʱ˾ͽûʣˣ⻹ȸһ棬ֻƵһˣ˶ŹˣҸԽ޿˺ܶ࣬˵мǿߣһˣǵҲùѽ
ǹƺϲԣѹص˵
ипЩ˾ͽº˾ͽˣŮڴļз棬൱ףҪԹֻԹĸ߲Ϊ𣬳׵һΪ¹С
ӡУ˾ͽµӣǲκˣ߰ޱȣһ׷Ů֮·ߵ֮ǰῼǻޡ
û뵽Һ˾ͽ½֣֮ǵҪ֣޵ˡ
Գš
ʱߵǹȴʼˣ˵ǼƷˣһȢǣ±Ͷ̥ҶĸԸѽϧСǲ
ǹ˵Żļһǵӡ
ֻЦЦûд𻰣ľˣͻȻ½ͨһ𣬵ǱһȤĸо
ڼţ˾ͽҫ۵ǣ˶һ·ʤЩͼսʤǣʿ䣬˷ĵǣ׷飬趼ʶˡ
һֱ˾ͽ뽻֣Ƶ˸߳
һսޱȣ˾ͽóڰĺڰóϵһ׿գɢڰ̨պˡ
˾ͽóϼµգҲȼչŷﾫѪֳֺɫǹ󿪴ϣ˾ͽӲƴŮӣսʮغϣɷ䣬йڿúȲ񫡣
ڰ¥ŵһߣҲƵƵͷ˾ͽ޲ڡ
һսһֱСʱƾУվʤһʣı˾ͽ࣬ԽԽ
ϾԴϴ壬ֲ˹ŷﾫѪһѪ֮Զܱͬȵġ
˾ͽľ֮ʱһнԷܡ
ڳڱ˳ˮһĻȴһսĽ⣬˵ףоԼʵûд˾ͽӮȫǹŷﾫѪѪ֮
սΪῡܵһ˾ͽһ֮еڶ
˾˸߲ҵţȸˣȻϣӮˡ
̨֮£˾ͽһǵѪ˿Ŀ롣
ܲģǰԼݵĽ죬Լã
뿴˾ͽеĲԼҲղŵһս˾ͽ˵˾ͽһսǿȡʤʤ㣬Ҳûʲôɽģһ֮ٱһһ֮ڣ޷㣬ˣ
ˣڳڶһ㶣˵ǻҪȣʱܹۿĴսʵ۸ǳ
ߣҲã˵Ķԣһ֮һս㣡
˾ͽӦţ˵תͷҪȥ˾Цеĵ˾ͽС㣬һȣҪΪǰ佱ء
֪ˡ
Ʒ˾ͽҲס˲ӣȻޱȸ߰ҲȸĽƷʵ̫ˡ
˾ͽվһԣǹâ䡣
΢΢һЦϣߵľֻ˲ʵ̬ſܲϵͻҡ
룬㳤ˡ
磬ǧɵľ룬ĴĶС
Ȼһ

ͣͣһͨͨͣϤѵǡ
磡
мޱȣˣ
æ֪̽ɨܣ츳ߣϾֻжʮ꣬Ϊޣ֮ϣк֣ܶǵϢ޵ɢ谭֪Ĵ͸ʵҪټĻ᳡пٵҵһˣס


1389 
뼱ѰʱͻȻ֮¥߽֮һֻ޴Ľɫ֮ǰоȸǣΧһȺ׵ʿЩʿӵֳֽ꣬ͬ˵е콫ĺ棬һƮƮĹŮֳֽǣ棬࣬ӹŮֳֻϵꡣЩ꣬ȻĵرҲƷһˬ
һʱ䣬Ƭ󣬷˱ǡ
ĸˣ
Ƿ׷ȥôųزһˡ֮ǰôǿߣųû˵Ĵ
ӱ龰ǻȻ֪ǺηʥȻЩŹֵĸоҲϰΪ
¥֮ϣЩǿǷ׷ӭôӭȻɫ˵λߣЩ֮ϡ
Ψݻ֮е龰΢ţһֻһ㡣
ټʮɣĿռʮֿɺܶ˯⡣
ڣݻλ֮ϣֻһ峤һߵë׺ɫС
ɫСһڽ֮ϣ췺һĻȣֶϸͬؿӵβ͸߸粦˹һҡţһǷ֮ı顣
ɫСԱߣŸ־µĸ㡢ˮЩˮɲһɫøϾ֮ֻҪеľͿ꣬ǿʶ
ʱֻСżñµСצһˮģĹӣ͡
ֻֻųЦá
һֻֻĹõ
ħ½ú
ֻ
̲סЦ
һʶЦȴΧˣ˶ʱɫһ䣬ЩʲôħǵһֱҵȮȸʸˣǵ¸ءȻ࡭ɰ˵㣬ôϣǹò࣬ħ֪ʶޱȷḻھܴ½֪ͨŽȸĻʥޣ㾹Ȼ˵ħǡȥǴ󲻾֮
Χüˣһ˵ɫ΢΢֮ǰǵɵ޼ɵҲϽס졣
½˵ɱƣ˾ǿתܴ½ƵˣػȮȻ˲õʥޡ
ӣúЦħ⣬ˡ¸ءĻȮˡ
ôͷôųϵԴӣ̲סҪЦǿΧ˶ɫӣҲֻ
ȸȮħ˵ħΪǰ䷢
˾ǴЩԸĴǣ׷ӭħ⣬Ȼûеħִķϣ΢Ц׵Ķ֮䣬Ҳаħ⵱˼
˵ħ⻹ǵĳ˵꣬Щ˵үү˼Ͼܴ½񺣺ǿߣҲ˾ǧѡ
ˣôҲ޷ϵ
ۿħŲֻСצӣĸЩ󱲡񣬴г֮⣬͸̲סЦˣһﻹͦܺƵģܺôһѴǲףǵӡ
ǰѾڳˣħȥ˰佱ʱԪһ˿һ˿һ˿ȷ
ħⲮҸղźҸ̫࣬ϢӣҲ
ʱ뻹СǸʱѾϻޱȣǳãӡʮ̣Զǡ
ʲô
ħһҲ˲ϻˣæø֪ɨȫ֮ǰǩԼȻԼѾǻһɵϵֻһ˲䣬ħҵȺ֮е
ڻϵĳһ䣬վһ£Цݵӡ
Χ˿ûʲô𣬵ħ⿴ӷ·վһռ֮УΧһз򣬶ΪĤݣ
һʮʱ䣬ûʲô仯Ϣƺħ⣬׼ľˡ
䣿
Ǹߣ
ħо䣬ӡе侳ǿߣôµϢ
ħǳԾħߣ˳ħĿ⣬ҲһȺ֮е
磡Ǹ磡
ϲһУֱ˹ȥ
ͻı仯ȫڶһ㶣ԭԤ֮еİ佱沢ûзֻɫ˫ĿĳϯһӰ˶Ūˡ
Χʮˣۿܴ½Ů񣬿ɼǾֽţ
ǧɡɡʮɣٶȣֻһţۿҪɵ˹̨ˡ
ǹɴ۾еŮԼۼֻԼ˲䶼ҪҸˣ⵽ô£
ɵɵΪԼģǿķз򣬾Լѽ
Σ
ǹҪˣʱֻоһ˹ഺΪܴ½һŮ˽ӵĻ
ԵŮӽײޡ
ټ֮ܲһȥϢԭͶĳȴħ֪򲢲ôãΣմܴ½ǿȥֻһСϺһĽɫ뵱ʱ͵ţҲΣ֮
ֱ죬ƽоͬһ㣬ѹж黳ȫͷų̲ס
һĻȫھ°ͶҪڵˡ
˭
ʲôϵ
ܶ۾ˡ
ȸûдϢʵ϶˵ʮ̸ۼʵ̫ˣ궼٣Ȼˣ̫̫ῡ׷룬ϣӮ˺øУʮ꣬˹顣
ȻЩ׷ǸûκȤȸҲû˵Ĵ㣬Щ׷Ƿ׷顣
ڣĿ뾹Ȼ˽һ˵Ļǲţǿĸ˵׷ҲǸ߸ϵŮ̬Ȼôʧ̬ڴ֮ͥ£˽ԷĻ
ʱ죬ˣҲ
ˣˣ
˾Ȼˣ֮󣬲˵½𣿡
ȷʵˣȥӭӣ
ǺεɱƵʱɣ
ʱʵܻɱ񺣺ǿߣ񺣳ڣһֱɱ
ʮȥ֮ƽľ磬Ѿĵز˵ּ̧ɱһٸǿߣЩ˶κλɣ
ʶˣǿߣҲܶƷ׷
һʱ䣬ڵĹϯ䣬ʱΧˡ


1390 
⡭⡭
ߵǹѾ״̬ԭΪˣۿô׷׷˿̨Сռ䣬ȴɵˡ
Щƽʱκһ
˵ЩˣǸߣλģ˵Ǵ˵еˡ
ôվڽߵĵطѹܲˡ
ЩȫΧС뻹Ļ޸ͣ
˵Ǻηʥ
ǹѾ״̬û˭
ǹ꣬ڳڣҲȫû״ǶѾɵˣоȥ˼
ʱһ仰д
ǹ죬ˡ
Сö࣬컹ǹѧ磬ʵΪʵѾ˦ʮǧοڳĶˡ
ˣ˵ʲôǸˣ
ڳڣǵһμû뵽ܴ½ʷ񻰵ʷϲ֪Ӣ˦ʮǧȻվǵǰ
ָоͺñȷڴϣһˣ˾ǵʵۣң˵𺳣ʵۻҪǿһٱ
ˣ˲Ƿôôֻصܴ½ˣ˻ܻ
֪飬ܴģû뵽ԭôᣡֱǶʮӡ
ϻѽ˱ͺòʱҲǶʮ꣬Ҳʮɣ
ʵ̫ǿǱʶĽǰʵֻʮʵ
߲ԶǹоԼֶڶ
ֻ֣ڸղļ
Լ֣ǹоͷؽᣬͬһ㣬ҾȻ˵ˣļһ˵֡С䲻룬ôû˵ʲôֵĻҪȻ֪ôճ
ǹ֮꣬ǰһġȸȮļҲǸоһƬհףȫʧȥ˼
м죬ˡ
ѩ磬ˡ
һ
ʸȦֱӰݼģʡҲүһһǿߡ
ЩƷŵеȼ峤ǱΧûл˵
ЩϤףҲǸпǧתۼʮȥЩһսƵսǣӹǵĵλΪܴ½ľס
չּҺ˵ɵȸҲԷˡ
ԼµԴҲ㹻ȸδ֮ڣһԱʱȸͺȹˡ
ʱһֻС칷Ⱥм˳еüһˣ
ݣҲֻħֵܸģΪʱ򣬶ħһһ㵽ǿʱҲսѹϵû֮֡
΢΢һЦǰһ꣬㶼˻Ȯˡ
Ц٩ħһ죬ֵ˵ӿ̣ʮܴ꣬½ˣ֪½ɲףһʵռ籩һҪƵĴͷãһ˸ͱ½磬ò
аɡЦЦҲûнĻԻս˵õһڶ飬ħҪˡ
ͺáħצӣļһΪĵӡ
ģı飬ôЦ
Ǻѻģкܶ½ţ֮󣬲ˣܹкܶҲµµΪӲдˣЩһɼģһģе츳̫зһţҲӦûģôϹŷĻɣ
ħ֪ǱӽˣȻΪڻϹŷ塣
Ѿ뿪Ϲŷܾˡ˵ԴΪ˼̳ĽܷѩµĲƸȥ磬뿪Ϲŷ壬ֻ֮Ϲŷ˸ְˡ
ʮ·ʱҪӵıӻִܵ򣬷½֮Ŀռ籩ܽ˺Ƭ
ڣʵӶй֮޲У֪˶Ŭٷܶټҵɱվ
Щûиħ˵ֻһЦ֮Ƶᡣ
뿪Ϲŷ壿㲽ӻ᲻̫˵㣬ϹŷʥؼɣܶԴǺܲģ뿪Ϲŷ壬»Σաħùצ°ϵëЩĵ˵
ΪЦΣգ½֮ǰһһСΣգҲǽˣûʲôʧһЩô
˵ȻڤӺʥϸ׷ɱ飬СΣգһ׷ɱЩ䣬赭дǺ뵣ġ
ȻֻǼԵһæ׷ʲôһݣźŪȥˣġ
磬ǧ㶼ȥˣô
ϰߵĽзӦýǧɩӣнϰˣһֱôš
ţˡͷǧĹҲزۣһ
̫ˣ˵˵ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôС˵硭ܲҲȥҡ
˵СΪ̫ˣĸúΣҲΪвһܽɡ
ΪȻûʸȥˣȥ֪ҪǾͼˡ
Ȼû뵽ֻ΢΢һЦ˵ԣҪȥҴȥǡ
иõķչռ䣬ֻҪǧ˰ŵһʥ֮УҲõڤӵı
ΨһҪĵľ٣ԵĻʱٽͻ½Ϳˡ
˵ģ̫ˣ
˵ȫû뵽ӦΪܲȥһ£ȥҲ̫ΣΪɾܾû뵽һڴӦ
磬ã
סĲӡ
ʱڲԶһŮӾУңԼ
Ů˾ͽʱ˾ͽΪղżҵĴսɫ΢΢԰ף˼а˼
˾ͽ£ǳơ
˾ͽеЩΣô˵ĸһֵµģҲ´ģʱʵȷʵһ仰Ĩһ
ĸ𣬵˾ͽº˾ͽĿˣǵĳɳ˳Ķ࣬λҲ᲻ͬնȻ룬Ҳǿɼ֮Ů
㻹ðɡͻȻڣʵ


1391 ֮
ͻȻѯʣ˾ͽһ£û뵽ȻͻȻעԼĸܸӣǵĳˣҲò
Ȼ״ɵģ˾ͽҲֽ֪Ҳǵĸ߲ȡ׷ƣΪС
ҽܺá˾ͽЩĮԳˣȻ˵ѵһ棬һ㣬˾ͽ˾ͽһİ
ֻһЦûٶˣ˾ͽˣǽƣ˾ͽ嵱˺ܶˣҶ࣬Ȼ꣬˾ͽҲӦö˲ˣ߲ÿһѵʱ򣬶侮ʯĶ࣬ѩ̿١
ο˾ͽȻ𣬵ҲƱ˲ٲƸЩƸȻ˾ͽҴߵУ졣
ûȥǿ˾ͽ棬ֻԪħչһ˾ͽĺ˰ɣ˵ǵӲ̫á
ħһЦչǣչǣ˾ͽ׷ɱ·ţȱǧɫһ屻ƽս㻹ĥԵ±Թѽǲǿˣһˣ
ħû˰һۣø죬ҴûԵ±Թϰߣ׷ɱҵˣѾˣһЩ޹صˣûбҪۣۻҲӦһͷͨǷ飬ɱմԵȻҲҪ˳ˣñԲ˲ۻˣıȥ
˵ۣ֮ѧ綼ûжۣǿԿ϶˱Ȼڡ
ϢϢأ֮⣬һδεʤһδεվڹ±ʤ֮վͻİٱʸ
ħƲƲУû˼޿ˣֿɵõĽûҲܱڳһѵ˵չˣȻúչһ£СӣҺþòȥˣҲ䣬﷽㲻
ħ֪һ۲СԲʵ
Цû⡣
һ˵ĲƸҪʥˣԪԪµ൤ҩЩǸħ龫ľһĲƸ
ħ⡢ˣĴӵ֮£뿪ֳȸĹȺȥ
һȺڣЩеĸоֵ̫ͻȻˣײβһӳǰ˲ʵĸо
ȸһ¾ȥݼԼĸĸ
뿪ɣּңǰ丮ѧһ۶ʮȥϷ˲ı仯׹·겻ѣԼôһ߹ġ
еᣬգ󣬲֪ٴǻ֮䣬֪ٴξҵɱжսսʤ˱ˣҲв֪ٴΣ׷ɱأվ
֮·״߿ɻñȵһ򱶵㣬һ׷Ѱ۷ģȴįΣաΪ顣
ѹĥѣһż͵ĲܳܣȻ֮ļ㣬ȥҲƣ
ʱһܰ飬ȴõĵֶΣ䵱ĸݣԽԽӣãһпѣõ˷Ļ㱨
ǿ˭ˣ
ǻİһžͳӣȲĸϲ
ڷУһŹʵķ򸾣ʮͷӣƿϵķ˪Ѿȫҩϴȥǧ겻⡣
ˡ

˺ʱ䣬鸸ĸá
ܰʱ⣬оĪƽ֮ǰЩ궯ɱҲƽϢģսƺɶͻƱ̻ꡭ
ԭڵʱսʹﵽ˻ƽԲ̻һ޶꣬ʼ޷ڷƽ֮Уȴñ̻ս鴥ֿɼˡ
ħ⣬ҸһԹ֮á
ħ⡣
ħ۾һѾʧȥö꣬ԼħʥʵڴţʵҲʹŽ֮䣬ûʵӳޡ
óħŹͷŴ˷ܵ˵
һӣºɿռ䣬һУóԼ׽ħ
ħǣ¶ŷһ˫һĳħ⿴Ȼһüһħǣûɣ
ħǲǿӵбΪ۵Ļۣӵһ͸ǻۿ࣬ǿ㾹Ȼܵõһֻħǣⶫõۡ
ħе㲻ħ׽ģҲпģ֮һ˵ٺʲ
ô
⣬Ȼ⣬ֻҪѽ
ްҿ԰㡣лƽԲս飬η򣬶⣬Ѿﵽ˼ߵĳ̶ȣħһħǣ⡣
ʵϣİҲȷʵ˳
һ֮һñҰţҪɫǣּһʹϷ裬ʱķ໡ǺаЦһĻΧܶ˵Χۡ
Ҳ˲ٴǣܵħɢϢЩǶǰԾŻ죬ô־ֲһƥħǣǺɣʮ˼ҲħǵĶ֡
ʱһ¡
ݣ
ּһʹԺѪǹɳӳڷѪǹϣһǹԣɵһöҶǹâ˸öҶת˲䱻̳οջߣҶм䣬̳һֵֻķˡ
óһɵǹÿʱɸɽǹâοһöҶһ̳˾΢ȿƼɺš
ϵԼս飬Ҫ̻һ
ð
ڻʹ԰У뿴ֺ
΢΢һЦתͷߣվŮŮĹۣܽʶŮݵȻһ㣬ЩŮһǾŶĹһǰɫĵӣпΰ峤ѡһǹǿ쾵˵Ůֵ츳˾ͽ£ֻΪֻʮ꣬Сûвμȸᡣ
ŮЩСǸնЩ̣ҲΪ۵ԭ򣬲ּܽһʹĺ԰ǶȻûлġ
¼Ѿ˵Ů붼ԵĽһĸ硣
˵Ҫˣ
һŮС˵
ǰҸ绹ҪȥͶˣѾӦˣֻǡҪǷֱˡ
Ŷ϶Ĵ𸴣⼸Ůʧ˵еǸ龰ҲϣܸȥϧǸȴûκιϵ
ʱƵ죬ʱ½֮ãڵ˽ʱˡ


1392 
δ磬һ۰齢ǿ֮пٵĴ;ܿƵδ½һλð磬ʤա
Ϊǧļ֮һδȫḻɫҲǳ
齢ϣӴ½ϵ־ɫʱʱķСһ㡣
ħҲǿʱʱ䣬ػ򣬵Ȼ˷ܡ
ԪŨ̶ȣӦǧбȽ϶ĴɣϹŷ彨ôţƵ磿
΢΢һЦ˵ǲȥϹŷ塣
ţȥϹŷ壿ȥħ⿴ʵǼϹŷ壬һʥرӻְȫ
ǵˡ
ͻȻ˵εķУҲһµʱ䣬ûԪ칬ĻʱһϣǻԪ칬̫ҡˣó
ħ̧ͷȥֻߣһ嫵ƺƺ֮䣬ƯǧɽЩɽ֮ϣ䣬ЩεһɢҪܴ½ĵرҪǿٱ
һɹЩɽ֮䣬ͬ¥һ㣬ɹΧȪӿƥһЩӢĸ¶һξܵ㻯ݣΪҩֻƺԪ
⡭ǡ
ħɴֻɫ۾ȫš
һʥؼʵеĵ̣ƺ֮䣬һһСУܼѪȷ磬һЩСͷѪȴֻ԰һװƷ
ҲǷһ̾ɴһ˫ùֵ۾ȫ֪ÿˡ
ʵ֪Щɫζʲôǲһĸо
칬ס
˵仰ħУȴһѪ
㡭˵ʲô𣡣ȷ
ħ˵ʱצӶڶǰħսܷʥأڳǧǿߴ֮Уֻ΢һԱ˵ȫǲĴڡ𣬸µһ˵ǿ߶пܣ
ħĿǾȻ칬ħ⵱ȻΪǴεġ
ѵ칬
㲻ǿЦ칬Ӧð˵칬ֻŮӣô㣿
ħûôʧ̬ħߣʵħⲮôˣ칬ǡ
˵ףҶû취ݣݼֱ󣬾㵱ĽƷŵħʼۣ֮ʵǧٱǰ϶㲻ϣ𣬺ܿǿߣ񣡡
ħֻħʼӸ˵жǿˣΪ֪ǿˣ֮⣬ħʼˡ
Ȼ뻹󣬵ǻĸоһ㡣
𡭡
㵽ôʶģħоֻצӴļϣҡţĪ
ӡУȻ츳죬򻹲˵㣬ٲķۣǵҲһͨСǧУ֪˶ˣֻеĶţ΢עһ£Ҳֻעһ°ˡ
ôôܴ϶ϵǳɣħ󲻳ôϵϡ
Ҳμһ䣬ȡһЩΣõע⡣
˵ʵǴٽһɼٺãҲõ˵ĹעڣСħɡгյˣѾ϶Ϊδٵˡ
ʲôΣħһ䣬ҲѾǳţƵⳡɳĵһУȴԤѡˡ
ӲҪ˵ʲôΣҲһˣ
ȻˣҲ԰
һõĹעǰ
ڶ
˵ħ׼Ҳȫʯˡ
һڶɼܵõĳɼ
죡ôܣôõһĵڶż꣬򶼸Щʲô
ħһƬհף˽ˣΪ½ʱ츳ܹһȡĳɼ
ʱ칬Ѿˡ
Ȳ˵ˣȥзǳҪһ¡
˵ţɳ齢ֱ칬
𣡡
վ칬֮⣬칬Ů˵
ŮӣʥΪ
칬ĵֻˣѾߡģҲǧˣ˶ǾӢ
ɡ
ʱһƮĶУͬһĵ̾ϢĴ
һϲ֮ǰ͹ȥıչý⣬Ҫͻ侳
ֱӷ칬֮УݼΡ
겻һһɫȹȫоǿߵϢͬһŮһͨȴ£ɽ߹䣬˲аµͷ
ߣվһмƵŮӣǱΡ
ιȻѾ̤ڣұһѾڶ壬Ҫˡ
ΪεĻֻתҪѱҪԴѪ
ʲô£𵭵ʵ۾΢΢һɨ磬ü΢Ŷ½̳˻ԪĴУ
棬ǣɻԪǰʶ̳˻ԪĴС
ţ
𵭵˵ҲԪĴˣԪǸ˲ˣʮǰǼ£Ҳܳɾˡ
θ˸ߵۣһͣԪܳ
ӡУԪʵ࣬⵭ҲǰԼԪ˵ͬλϡ
˵ڵĻԪɾôأ
ǲѾľ磬Ѿֻſȥˣֻγɳͻֱӳɾ֮Ϊ
ʶЩоεɲ⡣
ʲô£
ǰ½֮ǰΪҪΪһѰһǰħʼ磬󡭡
Լڤӵԭԭ˵ڤƾ쵤ʥϸһڤԶһ׷ɱ½磬оһֲ©
һʼޱ飬ü΢΢𣬡ʬĶ
𿪿³⼸֣һ˿֮⡣
æֽȡʥϸʬ塣
ʬ壬һ⣬ȷʵʥ壡Ϊͨ̾ϢǽԾ쵤ָʵʥ֣ѾطǶʥ壬ȴһ֪
һƣҲй٣ǻƾһ㣬ǲҵĵӣҶ㣬㷨˫ޣ˵쵤ҵһȱҩԳţܷƳͻ֮á


1393 
Ҫƾ쵤һϲ
ڵ淨֮£쵤²ͻƵǣǾԻǸһ
ʱĻۣͻϡ
һᾡܵ㣬Ҳ뱣֤δ֮У߾ܶԿʥ壬Ƥ֮ëɸѾһˣһô彫֮أ࣬Ϊʥ֮ūܣӴ˱ʷĨȥ
֪֣صĵͷǹغĴ٣δԼδ
ȫΪūʥɴնɱ£ΪҪʵ۷졣
񻹴
΢΢һ٣ͻȻʵĸ֪칬֮ǰͷˣʲôˣҲһ
ǵģͻΪڤӵĹϵԡ
ţڤǴΪѾ쵽벽ľ磬֣Ϲŷȷʵûбӻ֮㽫ϵܵ˶ټȫ칬Ů칬һǶչˣ䣬ҲṩһĴкԴ
ˬĴӦһϲлǰ
֮ʱ䣬棬ΪѼ쵤Ĳϣڤ˵ѼĲϣȴֻ˼¾Ѽˡ
Ǿ쵤ûпʼƣо⿿쵤ҪͻƵǻԶ븨ħ龫
ڣΪ̫ħ龫Ҳղˣװ˷ˡ
Ǿˣ칬չؿޣͬʱȴչ˶ϴ
ϴԵʥϸ
еĹ󣬶ұؽУЩʥϸǾûĲˡ
£ʵʩϾôʥϸͲ࣬Ҫҵڴ롣
Ų飬ں׵£ͻȻٵһط˲俪οռ䣬˶ξУη˵ľ֮ȻҲ˲ô˵ļ䣬ʥ徫֮಻ͬηȴԲõ
ǧеĴʥأصЩɾĴˣԷֹڤӵ֡
ҲֻܹȡֶΣˣжϸܣԱʥأȫϸϢһʥصĲȥܶʱͨʥ𶼲Ź
Ų飬һǳ飬¡
ҲĲʥϸ
Ľû˿ϲ⣬˳ơ
֮ǰûԤϵģʥϸԶĶ֤࣬ʥѾ˽Ĳˡ
ʥ壬ȫ֪θͲ֪ʥ嵽мǿߣж𣬰ѻЩʥϸҲûеõʲôмֵϢȻʥѾϵһ㣬㹻ĺ׼
һ³»ǳң
Ҳûа취飬ΪߣҪͨ̾ϢǽҲԲһ򵥵飬԰쵽ĻȻҲܰ쵽ҪһЩΪ
ͬӵʥ壬Ϊֻ֮һ񺣡ǿ߽ʥ壬ֻòʧ
ʽԽԽϾѾԤеٲԶˣСħɵˣȴûгɳƬػܸǶʱ䣿
һȥ
ܹ֮ȥʱ䡣
̶꣬Ƴʷ˵ֻһ˲䣬ʱ̵κ顣
Ȼ꣬ȴעʷء

һȺɽƣԪɡ
ԹʥУӾۼУ֮ϣʼһ
ԹʥǻԹҲǻԹĵһ
Թһе磬ԹʥصĹģʥҲಮ٣ӵʷƾʥˡ
ʱУ֮ϵдʮּңвٻԹʥصĳϳ棬ָ󱲵ʽеĲ㣬żΪʾһһͶĳ档
ʱ³ͻȻһתͷߣһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ôˣ
³ԱߣмϲΪʵǻΪʲôˡ
֣ղҸеԹؾƺؾ֮гʲô飿
ܶŶԼרؾؾ֮У࣬ԽѰֻÿһοؾҪļֵƵʯϵǿߺͨؾϱڣҲ͵ؾ˸ӵ
ԹؾǻԹؾԹĵڶؾٴʮ
ԹؾڲޱߣԴԹʥܹ𣬺̶ܴҲǻԹؾĹ͡
һգԹؾ˾޴䣬ƺʱҪһ㡣
Թˡ
ô£
Թüͷ³ҲһͷˮæټţҪһ̽
Ƕ봫УΪԷһԹɳһ侳ĺĵӣҲΪӵļ룬жһ
һһʯԴʥ˵һʲСĲƸֻ̽һҪһʯʵΪԹؾ¹ش󣬻Թʥزзκαʡ
ȻڴʱһҫһĹâ¡һըˣ
ֲɢ֮ǰۼڵӵըˣĵͽ׵ֱӱըˡ
ô£
³д󾪣⴫ϰ꣬ۼΪ߰ÿʮ궼һμޣûը
ܻǰ⣬ʱͻȻһֲıըһΣռ䶼ըˣѾﵽʥ۷³ϣһαըУҲ嵹ɶѪ
ˣڽˣ
һЦ˺ѵĿռ֮УɳһȺӰ
ʮˣȴôã
սܵĳ裬ҪǵѪϴˢ
죬Ҫｨ๦ѫｫأ
һǿߵ˻Ӱȳһ˺ѵĿռ֮гԹʥصĵӶȫˣ
ЩڻԹʥصӵĶУȴȫ֪ЩӰ˵ʲôΪͲԡ
ЩӰϢһҪǵ³ϸǿ
вˣԹȣ
һȺµˣʱǵĻԹʥػ
ѹѹӰ֮Уһ۵ĸߴ΢Цһ㽵֮УԹʥصӡ
˵Ϣǿ󣬿ֻǸ࣬ôʥȴΪ
ƽֵ֣ģһöɫӻתš
һ֣Ԫҵеķ򣬶Ϊתš
ĳ֣Թɫˡ


1394 ٽ
ǰ꣬ΪߣǻԹŴˣȴоľвһǿҵĲУҲʶܷʲôˡ
µĿܣûԹоȫ䣬ߺ
˭
ôܣԹؾϾͲܽˣôܴӻԹؾг
Թʥصӣɲ֪ʲô
ٵϢѾ򣬵û˻һʱ뵽٣ΪǱʶΪǻңԶ飬ҲҪ꣬ʮ֮
Ҿٽ٣ҲûȻǴǻԹʥؿʼġ
·ӵۣ΢΢𣬡඼ô޴𣿡
õ仰ܶ˶ŭĿӣǵһ¼ͶԷʵԱȣȴֻܸŭԡ
ǵ˭ΪʲôڻԹؾ
мԹʥصȵ
Ц޲ɼڻ֪ʲôҾ͸ǣ컯ʥӣǧ磬պ󶼽ΪҵĹ
컯ʥӣ
ԹĵδӦʱһһͨڵԲ˳пתţǱ΢Ѫ⣬ĲƷɣ
飡ȻǺ飡ôܣôǵϣ
Թʶ㲩Ȼ֪ԪĹϵҲ˵飬ۿź鷢ĺڹ⣬նƺҪڻ֮£ԹֻԼҪڰһһˣ
ЩӰɢĿֲϢԹڿԿ϶ʥ彵ˣ
ԭΪмʮĴ٣Ȼôͽˣ
ӣеӷֿӣ
Թͬʱû˿ɣתҪ˺ѿռ䣬Ȼֵʱֻоռ֮Ȼһǽֵˣɢ˸գ޷ʩչմŲƣ
ľϧȻı䲻ǵˡ컯ʥһ˿΢Цֱȥ
Թɫһ䣬չ£ҪƬ
ʱѾ󷽴һĲҽУɺѪУĺĵӣԹʥػѴѪȥˣת˲֮䣬ɾѪԪյ
ȿµ龰ëȻһеʼٸߣǸ꣬ȴЦݣ·ոʻһ⡣
λʦ壬ǻԹλԸɣڵΪЩѶȣкҲһ
ãٺ٣ڰߣˣһԴһͣȻϡŹ֣ȴеĴΪǿԶһ
һ˻Թ
飬â졭

칬һ֮ڣбչشĻۣѾԽԽ
񺣡䡢ÿһҪĵʱ䶼ᱶ
ʱ칬ͻȻӳ̶ľֱӴأضиĽ磬Գһռ䣬߱չصʱ򱻴š
ܹصľӣؼһߵıչأһ֮ľӡ
ô£
еȻ˫ۣһ˿֮ɫ󲻳ʲôܹ칬쾯ӣܲǴ˰ɡ
ҲǱʶΪٻҪܾá
ʷ˵һ꣬Ҳ̵ܶһʱ䣬Ȼ˵ٽҪ٣ǵҪȴҪ꣬ʮꡣ
Ӱһ칬ֻ칬֮УϡӶæµȥ
һ˿ҲŽµ
ɫ£ѾµȺˡ
Ҫﵽֻ֮˵һ仰ٽ٣̾ϢǽѵڱǻԹʥصؾһʱ䣬Թʥظ𣬻Թսʱ䣬ʥѾռ˻Թ½ɱͿ̿
һ仰ڳ೤ϡӳ׾ˣǼԼĶ䡣
٣ôô죿
żʱ䣡
ǻû׼ãپͽˣ
칬ĵӶǾӢеľӢͻȻϢҲǻˡ
һս˫ȭüͷ
ؾͨĹɿռ䣬һ̾Ϣǽѣ鿪ĵطҲؾ
ôô졭Ҳ䣬ͬңһﵽ벽ʥľͶˣУһС˻㲻ϣ
ңʮǰ٣Ľ֣Сʥ硣
벽ʥֻڻҡ
֮Уκã˵ڴ֮ˣֻܿʥ彻֡
ʮֵĲġ
Ϊʲôٸʱ䣬ֻҪҴﵽʥ벽ʥ˺޵ֿ֮
ԼñңʵĻǽʱ磬ʱ֮УŤ±룬޷
ޱ飬ֱ˵Сȥ˵ʥ֣ǿ߲ǰ벽𣬵һûе磬Ѿ´࣬ⳡսУи컯ʥӵΪʥͬӵһ飬ƺ飬ȻֻʥΪһս츳󣡡
һ˵Ŀϡ
һ𣬺飡
Ԫʧĺ飬컯ʥӵϣ
һ̣ޱȵĸӣǵûԪڻԪĻ
ڱʧȥ˱ƽʧգ֮һܣغ飬ػ壬ΪŹ£Ѱһ
սȭͷ飬һҪϧ̫̫ˡ


1395 ʥ̸
жôûףվǰˣԹս壬ʥ壬Լͬûɳǿ߼սΪߵˣֹֻʥ
Ҳûȫ濪սԭʥֻ̽мɵûзȫսĵǺһսţôվսҪˣڣʥмǿ߶֪ôҴ
һսʥǿ벽Ҳв룬Ĵս֮УոճɳţȻϳˣһиʲôʧ޷ʧ
ս˰µʱ䣬һʥǿߵţ壬컯ʥӣ
ʥΪ൱ƾΪȴͨϴҲԱ֮
һźɫħ飬ʥߣ٣ɫħͻᱻ˲𣬻Ѫ⾫ɫħա
µŷɥ
սʲôҪ֪֮䣬һʥ󾳽磬ʥĲ໹Ҫö࣡
ܣֻɱ컯ʥӣȻǻԹʱȴ֣컯ʥӱһֱǿߵػЩصʥǿߣȴûгֻ֣ǿʥսָоͺʥⳡսΪ컯ʥӵĥʯ
Ϊڱ̫ǿҪֵվмɵˡ
ĽҲ㱨
ʥ嵽ʲô
ں칬ܻ˵
ʥ𰴱ҲҶⳡսµ壬ϾĿͲʥ壬ǿߵǸ˵ˣʥ²ֹһ񣬶һûУ
ǵȴʮ꣬ϱѣȴû㳲ֻɳ벽µǿߣ׺«ʲôҩ
ⲽĴΣҲȫʧȥյ򶨡
ҲҲû׼ãֻߣ컯ʥˡںߣĵ˵
һ˵пܣʮǰ컯ʥΥʮ취˺̾Ϣ֮ǽʥǿϮɱԪֱܵʮķɣǿǴ֮ˣһ˾ʮ꣬ʲôַûã½ʱս磬޷ӿ˵Ļָٶȣ컯ʥڣӦûмܻظڴ֮ǰҲ൱ʵ
컯ʥûлָʥڶ֣ǿ¾мܣοʥʮа˾ŲֹһΪʲô֣
ܲܣʥⳡսǸ컯ʥİɣ
޷⣬ֻǳĬغĴսרΪһʥҲδ̫ϷЩʥ岻ִ¡
컯ʥӵӦֻ˳ģʥȻܽȫսԭ
ֻԭҲ֪
ս˽ڣ˫𶼲ֵ£컯ʥӷͷʵ̫ʢˣѾɱʵɵɱˣҪȴǿö࣡
ֻΪǺһ֣дƬǿ߱ɱҲһ㡣
컯ʥɱˣٶǿߣһˣŵһʥؼķֹܵһϡ
ʥҲ컯ʥӻսŵһΣһǧ۷ʥĶ飬ͻϮԹ綫ʮݺɱߡ
ôȥԹʥصǿߣҪɱʣ޼ˣ
ܶߣһ컯ʥɱˣŵľʳѰ
˻Թ⣬Ҳڷ׷ۣ»Թ縲֮󣬾͸ֵˡ
Ϊʲôǵ𲻳֣Ǹ컯ʥţЩ߲⡣
ˣʥǻ࣬սţҲһѹơ˵ףǴ򲻹ʥ壬˼Ҷ࣬ǵҲǵѹ
ţСħɡεȼˣδսΪΪһûϳֻ컯ʥһ֦㡣
ô־Լ磿ǵŻûɳƾʲô˵ᱻʥѹΡСħɣһţҾͲǳɳǸ컯ʥӲ
ܶ߶ͱεĳߣ˵ʥҪǿ࣬ȻԸˡ
Ҳϣ˵ʵ֣㲻룬컯ʥʥڣսʤͨΡأµһʱкڣҲǱɣ񺣺֮Ĳ࣬Աͽ֮Ĳ࣬ĸ󣬲˵ˣο˵컯ʥӵк飬ʮһͱôǶ˵컯ʥӣɳ񣡡
ʥʤ嶼ֱѹôĸо컯ʥӵĳ֣ҲԤʾʥδҲǿƣ
һı컯ʥδĳɾ͡
һô⣿ƾСħɡεˣ
ЩΡСħɵĳǣҲоЩ顣
սȥԹߵԽԽأۿԹҪ𣬺ܶסˣʮʥ壬ټ˵ֵһᣬǻٳɶ࣬һʥɱƣĲʳвߣôͻʧȥ´ֻҪսδͻ᳹׻
ְɣȫսҲ֪ʥ嵽ڸʲôãֻ֪ôȥʧȥģٿʼȫսܿһˮ
ϣһ֣ص˵
ԹսʧʧĲһЩʥһЩ򡢴½Ҫģʧġ
һʤʧȥˣôͿܳΪһɢɳ
ɽһٶۼ
һ籩ʱ죬˭֪ǴսѾɱ⣡
˵ûٵˣ
ҽͬ壬ᱲˣξһս
һ˽壬ǻĹԣû⻼£ڶ
ʱȴĻУԼѪԡ
һһƴһУǽǳ¡
һٶɽϿգʱʱ޳û
µ޺ǧ룬ս
Ҳɽ
ޣʮǰĳơ
һսôˣ̫ˡͬһ㡣
ôҲû뵽ԼҹΪٱսǴ˵ʱȴʲôҲˣ
ս˫ȭģ
¡¡
֮Уһ޴ӵʯ̨˺ռ䣬ɽϿգǵ㽫̨ҲζҪ㽫ˣ
ʮǰվڷ̨ϵ㽫ҲһĳֻڣҲܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
ǾǷľڴˣôûз壬ʤô
ӿһǿҵС
ʵϣУҲںܶһʤʼãս
Ȼʱһ벻תˡ
ʥ壬Ҫ̸У̸еص㣬һٶƼɽ


1396 ʥļɵ
ʥ̸У
Ϣʱ򣬺ܶסˡ
ɸߵĵ㽫̨ϰվ̨ϣµѹеǳڲ
ԭѾĵһսȴΪʥͻȻ̸жֹˡ
ܣҲս
ȻΪʲôʥҪ̸У
ҪһսףûҪ̸УֱɱͿˣ̸жҪ͡
ʥ嵽ڼɵʲô
һʼʥûȫսɳʥǿߣָߣǰ벽
ֻ컯ʥӣһֱǿ߸˵ˣһûšȻʥ岻ϣʥľս̵
ôǶ֪ʥ岻ȫսԭ򾿾ʲôֻ֪һ㣬ʥĵߣſ̸ȡ档
̸һ֮
սĵԭѾȼΪʥ̸УֱϨˡ
ʥ塢ڶʱ˹ƽ֮С
Թ磬ʥѾͦҲȻ֮Уȥʥ巢ͻ
һٶȻۼɽҹͣԲߣȻЧ΢΢
ԭʥһ֪
ߣʥֻǹŪˣʵǸûǿ٣һǿߣǿѾʮǰһս͸֧ԪҲͨ𾳽硣ʥˣδرǿսһƣ˭ҲòôԴҪΪԴôʥǣҲҪ
˵һͷ󺺣һҫ۵ĺɫۣĳƺǻҲһǿߡ
ԳƻҲζţڻϵ裬λۣ֮
˵Ը񣬸ķһսɣһʼͲͬ𰴱ֱɱȥʥƴˡ
ۣҲĻɣĽ͡
ʥ壬Ҳûеô¡
ʥ壬һսδػ䣡
Ȼɣֻ֮ͱƷˡ
ʱ䣬Թ½ӿŰ
̾Ϣ֮ǽȱڲϵչԭֻڻԹؾӵƬգ
ӻԹؾ½֮ǿԶԶȥֲֻĺӿձһ޴ĺɫ춴ɣ춴ڻתţͨĪĿռ䡣
춴һͷʥ磡
춴֮УпֲµĺҪκνʣͿԹᴩǿգ򣡶ҼôԶȻ񾪾壡
ֹһգɫ춴һֻ޴צӣ˺鲼һ˺ڰ֮У߳һ޴Ӱֳ̬ؽųìһɢֲѹԺ
һֱ죬ڶ֮еľǴﵽ˼£·һǧͷһмŻĽײ־޴󣬴Թ½֮󣬽նˡ
Թٽ½߶ȫѪӿΪһЩѪˣ
ҲǶĬˣһֱսĻҲһԡ
ٿ飬֮ϣճƵĿ¡
µϢµԲǹŪܷģЩ죬Թ½һϰٸ𼶴ͨһ񼶵﷢ģ
һʥܣҲ񼶵ޡ
񡭡
ڴٽ֮ǰᵽʥ壬Ȼһֱ˵ʥǿߣⶼǼΪңԶ顣
ڣĸܵѹе֪Ŀ¡
ڵ𣬶ɫʧ޷
һ˵ʥʵѾٻˣǾ֮ϣյ棬Ƕö࣬Դ˿ڣ嶼޷֮ȡ֮ǰһֱҪʥɵȫ濪սԭǰǰ˻һʥʬ壬ηѻ꣬Ҫʬļ֮вʥ岻սԭ򣬵ҲûвǸʩչֶһ°ɣ
ԹĴսʥҲһǿ䡣
Ȼѻľ֮ȴؼ䶼ַˣ޷Ķ
ַˣʵǿζԣԷͨʥ徫֮ص㣬ξͨꡣ
̧һӣһʬֽз˳ʥ
ԴʥĴսƬ̶ûϢȻ˵겻ϢҲʲôӰ죬ѹЩƣ
Σ㶼鲻ǿ¸ˡԱߣһ˵귽棬ҲΪͨ
Ȼô˵ߵʥʬԱߣһ¡
ҽһÿԽ⿪ӡҲ˵
ʥʬ壬ƽ˫֣һ˲ٵӡֻɫͷʬ֮Уߡ
֮󣬻Ȼһ𣬴ӽʬԱ˳ȥϵҡͷ˵СУҲ鲻ʲôҲֻܴ¿϶һμ䱻ӡˣǱĨˡ
Ĩ䣬ȻˣһǿߣʥҲһˣȻ㱻Ĩȥ䡣
ߵʧܣ˺ܶѰ룬Ƕ귨⣬Զκͻߡ
˱һϣһ£⣬ȫʧܡ
ⳡ飬ûκνĽˡ
ʥ̸ԽԽ˻ʥ̸һıҪеһ򾡡
Ҳ˵ʥʵʱ䣬ۼ󲿶ӣһһǲ̸Уֱӷܹ
˵硡
ҲɽۣĬ
˵ˣǰŪһ߽ʬ壬ҪѻѰ䣬ʧˡ
ʧˣǷпܳɹ
ߵĽܷѩ˵
һԡʥ壬ľ֮ħ߷棬һġҳʥ岻ȫ濪սԭ򣬶ⳡ̸Ҫ


1397 Ķ
ɽƬԺȺƬԺȺɽǿ֣һǴڷԺȺһս¡
һԺȺΪɽɽ׼ҵӺͿ˵סʮ䷿ӣΪ߰ٶʮ
һԺȺȴڽ֮Уνֽӵ˵ɽġ
סɽĴ֮һ
ټĹеСɳ֡ɮ£ǲɢˣȫ칬ĵӣһɫŮԡ
𣬸ոԡ£һ˫㣬ڴ֮Уÿһ̤ˮһϸʵû棬յģν貨Ҳˡ
ʦ
һµŮʩʩȻ
һ˵
칬ɽ޹ֻŮͨУΨһˡ
õͨĴ̤֮УܸоһŨӿ
һֻǽڣǵ棬İɫʯשɣʯשƿ˵ӡǣЩӡǷġ
ģҲǴӡһ֣Գϵޱȡ
ЩʯשҲͨķƣبʯħѪƶɡ
ԴȱΪǲɱʵϣרŵս֮УҲɱ񡣷ħҶֱӽ
ºܵʯשħѪ
ЩħѪƵʯשܹۼɢɱǲˣ涼ʧأǼˣ棬ԼǣǷŵӣԡ
̣
ⶼǷŵӷԵһ֡
һɽ·Ļȣǹ»Ұ̾ͻᱻʢѪûɢֵ̣ǿ£
֪ɽӵʮʷһεĴ٣ǽĽɽ֪ɽĵж
ֵשڽʥأÿһ鲻˵ǼֵǵıҲ۸ߵզ࣬ɽ̵ֻأΪ˼ʮʱ̵
һ·ߵ޹һ񣬡ǰ
ʲô£ο
Ҫһʥʬ塣
ֱ˵⣬ǱȽεģıսʱԽħʹá
ħȻ󣬵ĴҪѣ帲ֻڵҲʧȥĸˡˣҪ֮ܵ֡
ŶһЩ˼Ĭһ֮Ȼʲôûʣֻһ˦֣ǽʬͷȥɣ
ĹЩ⣬ԭ׼õĴǣҲòˡ
лǰ
̧һָָһ˵ʲô飬ȥչؼɡ
˵꣬תȥˣ
УƵ󷨣ٲȻԳһС磬ص龰˿ӡ
ǰ緶ħռУĽܷѩ˵һ˶һҪʬʲôϾΪʲôҲ̽鲻Ҫʬ岻ϳ
ʲôûʣΪ㣬֪ҪʬһãΪҪʬ屾Ϊƫƫ̽һЩôһǳΧĶܣʲôʣֱӽʬ㣬׼˶ıչؿռ䣡
ûͷʲôӶΪԼģôֻһۣػһҲֻͳһ壬һпŽ䣬ĸ
Ե𣬲ն꣬Ͷ̥תԴͻ񣬻ͳ壬Կ٣Ҫ
һʥʬڰУĽܷѩҲħռ˷֮СǰƮü֮䣬â
߶ħĶһļ䣬Ҫͬʱ⿪ǿߵķӡһ׾ٵĹҪĽܷѩϡ
ħϵѾԽԽܣȫ߶ħӣѾԶˡ
컯ʥӵĳ֣ΣС
컯ʥʥ磬Ѿܹ߶顣
컯ʥʣ컯ʥʹãҲ֤ʥ컯ʥӵΡ
ͬһ컯ʥѾԶԶ
䣿Ҫڴ֮¶âҪľǡȫƿħ
һü֮䣬սɳ
ɫĺս飬Ѿһ˿֮ɫ̻ս飬Ѿܽˡ
ںսĹע֮£ڵħ
ĽܷѩҲɫأ˫ӡ֮УĲٿأڵĽܷѩʵɳķɿ죬ѾԴʵˡ
һ̣ĵﴦ˸ĺɫâĸоħˡ
ħķķ·˹һתڿռ֮Ư
ЩиûйעκǷ֮䣬ȴֻҪ㹻עУǾ׻ռ䣡
ȥ
һָģʥʬ֮Уûľ֮
һɲǣоһƬ磬ӵļХȻһɫ΢΢԰ס
ĽܷѩЩģڵʵԼİֱĶһǿߵȫ䣬൱յģһС׹Էļ֮УͻʧңֲԼļͱ˵ļ䡣
֮ǰĶڤӼȫͬڤӷɵļ䣬ֻһССķֻѣһ䡣
ӿļ֮У·ھʥ
֮У˺ܶ龰Щ龰ޱȵı棬ͬԼһ㣬ôһɲǣΪԼʥ񣬼ʧˡ
Ľܷѩһʱü֮䣬սâ˸ٵʱ򣬺սͬһ㣬Ϊָ
ɲǼ䣬˫ֽ
Ľܷѩһ־棬ȷʵһܱȵġ
ĬĬĶ䣬СһĿʥɳ
ԶѻõģϢϸ򱶣ھʥ
̣൱Ҫļľͼʱ䣬־ǿϰηôģҲ촽԰ףֽ
ĽܷѩĬĬĽִıϣ֧ġ
ҵˣ
ʥ౻ӡļ䣬һս߶£ħӡһɱȥֻһ졣
Ȼǿ׶Ѫ
ʥʬ屻Ȼϥأڴڵĺ
ôĽܷѩȲʵ
ҵˣ֪ʥܶϢҲ֪ʥ徿ڼɵʲô
̾Ϣ֮ǰʥͻ֮̾ϢھѾǰˣڵʥ壬ѾͬˮʱܿսʥǿߣѾǣˣҲ֮⣬ʥڵҲԶøӡ


1398 ʥ彵
ʥĸӣĽܷѩʲô
ʥҲһ飬вֹһ񣬵ЩԶûŽᣬֻһ棬ʥӵж棬Ǻܶ񣬶ֲڲ֮ͬУ֮䣬Ҳ̾ϢǽңƺʥΪ֮£Ѿ˲ϣڻ⻼֮£ǿŽڴ֮ǰ컯ʥһҪ򣬰ռԴΪʥԵʥʣ
ʥʵȻԸ⿴˻ǣƣ𣬵컯ʥ׼ļƻȫǳˡ
̽ѰʥʬȻֻǽ֪ܶܲʥƻġ
ԭֲʥֻɳ벽սΪһɳߵȻҲ֣ʱսһ𣬶컯ʥ˵ҲǲСʧƫƫ컯ʥڻûʮǰǳսȫʽ˸ӡĽܷѩѾȫʥˡ
ʥ岢ʥ壬ֻʥһ֧Ҳڵ컯ʥеʥ塣
ûлвʥҪҲҪ컯ʥڵ棬컯ʥδػôʹĴӦʼս򵱳Լߵһɿڷ⣬ֻڻûȥ
ͷʦ˵ûҲ˵ٻʱ䣬һֱ컯ʥȫָʵǰȫģսͣʥĲ棬չˣʥǻ£ǻ
ԣǣ
ĽܷѩҲǳһǽϢˣʱ䣬㹻ɳˣ
ʱսҲ飡
֪ЩĽܷѩ鳩죬ͷһתü鶼ˣôȥ֪Ķδ̫ϸЩԭԭ˵ȥǲá
ȷʵĽܷѩͷ˵̫ϸ뵽ģҲ㡣
Ҳֻˡ˵ţͻȻоɽȻһ𣬹ζ·һ㡣
һһͬСɣɽʲôطӵʮʷһʥأôܱûζ˵ǵ𣬾ȫһɽΪɽķҲǿģ칬಻֮ȣʷ̵Ĳ𣬼ʮϼӹƿ̵󷨣̶̳ȣ֪
ѵǡʥˣ
ͷɽӶл֣̿һЩҲ΢΢š
ʥȷʵˣչĶʥ䣬ھʥǼʱܶģʥ̸Ѿٽˣʥǿ
ԶԶȥƼһʮ۵ӰЩӰɫɫŮ٣еĸߴޱȣеͬ٪壬еǿ׳ɽеϸ
һٶˣ࣬ȴڱ⣬úڰִأɢޱȿֲƣҪնˣ
£
а벽񣡡
ʥ̫ˣֻǱɽһǣǵǿ߻ûأ
û˻ʥҲỳɣʥȷʵǿö࣡
ʮǰʱǿö࣬һһսƴԪΪסһ棬˶ˣ
ʥ壡
ɽĴ칬һĳۣͷ죬üһ֪֮ǰɽʥǿֹ߳һʮʥа벽񣬼ǵƶɽĳ
˿µƣĲ񲻵òϣԼЩʥУܹսʤģ²ĳɣ
£ǻԸңҲʮսɣƣҲЩˡ
̸ϣǱ˭ܿ˭粻֮࣬ȵľ֡ʵ
ûʵƾ飬Ƕģ
ûг֣𣬾ôǿˣ
ղֻʾò˵ʾЧã˵µͨӣһЩ𣬶ˡ
΢΢ҡͷûʥĸо˿֪
Ǹû˿˼ɣֱɽ̸УĴӪĵشȴ̸бΧɱǾԵʵ
ǸսռһЩƣǵʵҲֲսĻǵǿ߿ҲܿϹǱɡ
̸УȻ˵ȫϣѹһʯͷɲ
ʱʥ֮Уһߴİ΢Ц߳һīԲ飬ڰеתţ컯ʥӡ
ǰҲ˿飬һ˳ᢣʤǧĸоζţĵλͣ
ʥʥӣѾܸƽƽˣ
֣컯ʥӱͿڴǰԱȴ棬͵ˣ컯ʥӱ츳ƽƽҲӦõġ
Ҳ̫ˣǵŻֻڣʵҲڣ벽ʥɣԶ
߲ǱȲҲȲô̸
ۼɽӶ˽ۣȻҲϣǿƣʵǰ
컯ʥӣк飬һڿУ·ϻ򾪿֣ŵı飬컯ʥǷһ˿̵Ļȡ
ųֻ࣬ҵūǰɪɪ
Цһ컯ʥֿɽĴ칬ķεסβûг֣͸칬컯ʥܹܵϢһһƽȡ
һɽӵŮˣ˵ʥ彵٣ǿ߶߳ʵϣܶҲôġ
ȴûг֣УλߵϺţ
ݶ塣
컯ʥЦˣʱϢƽȣⲻװģʥ˵ûιȻǸŮˣζ
컯ʥԼε°ͣǷһ˿ааЦݣ仰ҪĶУǼֱǴ󲻾ĻȻ⣡
컯ʥߣһýŮ˻߳ǵס컯ʥӵĸ첲Ц˵ʥӵ£ôѵҲˣ
˵ŮƤϸ𪣬ǴŽСɫýΣϰŵľذףͬһֻԸеĸŮΪֻڣڵΪվȻ컯ʥӵԭˡ
Ρٺ٣ΪĶȫĵǲܵģֻ壬Ҳˣʥʻָ̫ãҳɾ𣬾Ϳʥ壬̤ƽūӡң


1399 ʥĿ
컯ʥſĻŮӲŭĽЦʥӵ¿̰ŶҪ̤ƽڵʵҲѰɣʥĴ󻤷ǰ벽񣬶ңʥʥ죬ǿߣʵѾ˲ɹľ磬붯ǳɽ廹ֵ
컯ʥҡͷ֮ȻȥɲôöԸģһ𣬾Ѿʮֽӽ񾳽磬ңͬΪ벽ʵҲǿһ֪Ů˵ʵﵽʲô̶ˡɽͬʵɲ⣬ڷѹ꣬ɽʸϵɮսȻ㣬ʵܸ£ȴ֪սԣǳ˵ãԴ䡪ǧ硯ԼԪֳǧǧǧҲʮڣֱǰǧ羭תʮֻأзںΪһҲǳˣʵҲ˲ľ硣
𣬵ҲҪܴĴۣΪԭ򣬸ܲ𣬺ˣȥˣ
컯ʥ˵ֱ꣬ɶ£һΣһٶֻΪƵģ̸еˣ컯ʥӱˡ

ڰĴɣ֮Уһبʯʯʯʮɼμ
컯ʥӶʯһˣֳһȣ΢Цһгӡ
վ׵ĽýŮӣģʥǿߡ
ʯһһ
Уģֳȣһɮ´磬ͷʮ̣һһߣĬĬ̸ǰĿһȻĸо
ǰ˲˵Ȼɽ𣬶һһ𡪡ͨ
ͨѾǧ̣꣬ͨʤһʱɽ⣬κܱâ
ǺͨƺΪĳһδ֪飬Ӵ˹Ҳ֪ټ
ͨҲΪͨ뿪þˣȻͨıӻҲûˡ
٣ͨҲˡ
ڣԿʼ˰ɣ
컯ʥӾӸ£һָʹϢٲȻԼͬȸ߶ϡ
ٺ٣ʥûˣһδɵëͷСֹغδ̸У
һ˵һһĻͨʥŵ̬ȣԼ
컯ʥӴЦֵõ˵һ𾳽¼ѣҲֹڴˣҲң֮ҳɾͽʵͻᳬ㣬ǧ֮ҳɱһֻϣ
컯ʥӴһüͷһ壬컯ʥʵ̫ˡ
һ𾳽磬Ҫʱ䣬ˣǿ¶Ϊģʵ벻̫ڡ
һˣʾƲɵһ𣬱սȣ޳ֻ꣬δһЩϣɾ
ǵȣ컯ʥӣҲԶ˼𾳽磬ҲֻҪһǧѣ
һɾɱͬͬвˡ
ǧ֮ɱϣһһûôЦЦЦԸң۾ݲɳӡ
컯ʥЦҿԣ֮ǾһսԶȫȥΪȻħɣɢ
ֺηһʲôʱ¹վԣʱͻȻһ˦䣬һεͻȻѹϣӲѹλ
۾һɣ𣬡Ϊʲôֹң
Ϊ̸ֹеģĶġ
ᣬȴ̺һΥĸоεϣǿʵƣԸҵĻҲ޷ײΡ
ҧҧջ
ֹңΪ֮Ĳ컯ʥӵĶ֣һݣΪԼ۹ǿһ컯ʥҲ̫ˣ²ǧʱ䣬컯ʥӾܳɳ㹻ĸ߶ȣʥ̤ƽ򣬸Ҫ컯ʥʳ֣
컯ʥӣֻ컯ʥЦ⣬ĿⶼϣҲûԼһۡ
˵һصŮӣҲǵһŮӣҶĽĺܣڵüȻǾŮҺǧֵһˡһУȢһλһŮΪޣô޺ˣ
컯ʥ˵䣬ޱܻĶ𿴣˶
˲Ϊȴ·ûһ㣬ɫƽޱȣʱ컯ʥӵУӰͻȻģһɼ׶һľ񹥻ֱ컯ʥӵľ֮
컯ʥӰȻһǰƾһĤһסʶ֮һΣبʯʯʺȻʯۡ
ţ
ʥһʱλվղͻȻ컯ʥЩ˴컯ʥʷ컯ʥϵĻסʶҲ컯ʥʯȫը顣
޷컯ʥվʥ·ղŵʯ֮䷢ս޹һ㡣
ΣЦ˵Ȼʵˣ㲻Ҿվˡ
ɫԭûָ»ɱ컯ʥӣֻ컯ʥӳԸɱԷ磬̸ϣռҪû뵽컯ʥϵĻǿӲʶ֮鿪ȫû˵컯ʥӣ컯ʥʸһݼɵ
˵ϻˣֱɣʱߣһ۵ͨͻȻˣһ˻֮ȴʮĴ͸˶ķ顣
컯ʥתͷһͨ˵ͨɣȻ̸УҲͲٶ˵ˣֱ⣡
컯ʥһڽг֣ͨڳһݣͨ⼸ǧһֱڹ״̬ˣʥҲͨϣȻ컯ʥδϵͨòǹƾͨǿλãԼϵƣ޷򣬾Ͳ³˴ˡ
ʥǿߵ˽⣬ԭĶ࣡
֪֪˰սʤʥ岻ʵǿյ鱨Ҳö࣡
ǣܲģ
Ȼֱ⣬Ҿ˵ˣʮһεĴ٣ÿһζͿ̿ʥȻǿ󣬵ҲԸÿһδֻأ飬һΣʥһԶĶž٣ʥ壬Ҫһһ칲壬ʥ塢ദС˲滥ͨޣһ𿪷ΪΣ
컯ʥӿͨЦ˵


1400 Լ
칲壿ͨɫ΢΢һ
էһ֣ܶ˶Ӧʥ徿«ʲôҩ
˵ʥֱӽţԴѧϰǵĴУ˼ɣ
ָͨ棬Ƶ˵ÿ˵һ䣬Ŀͱһ֡
ٺ٣˼ҲԽʥ壬ʥ㹻Ĵ֧֣ǿѧϰǵĴС
컯ʥЦе˵ͨУȴЦ
Э飬ƺǹƽ˵ˣʥ岻һһ䣬ֱӽӶԴ
˵ʥ壬ʥűͱǿö࣬ʥһ֪óȻʥ֮У˵ֱ˼ˣҪȥӶԴ
ʥԴģǲˣһԽ뼸ʮ򣬵ȴԲô
ǿĲ
Ǿأз棬ҲԻͨޣһĵһΣڶʳڵгաСħɣʥ壬ѧϰǵĴУ컯ʥĴţʱΪλ
컯ʥ׳һ
ͨЦŽʥӴ򹷣ȥ޻ذɣ㵱ɵӣ
£δҲ̫СЩῡܾٳɫΣĺƽʥΪžٶһŬѵΪҪɱῡܾ͸λ̫ʥˡ˵ģ칲彨֮ʥĵһھͬ壬ս·֣߷ʦ
컯ʥ˵ĴȻ
ʱͻȻƮƮ˵Ȼˣ컯ʥӲһ칬Σ
Ļ룬컯ʥӹЦ˵칬ŮƣĻ֮ã
ôʥ⣬̸нͳɡЦӯӯ˵ֱӶϾ컯ʥӴ̫ء
컯ʥЦ΢΢һû뵽ôͱˡ
ʱ컯ʥߣһ촽΢컯ʥԪʲôϢ컯ʥϷһ˿Цݡ
һ̣ͨУɫ΢΢һݡ
¡
ֻһֲľ죬ɽ΢΢һֻ޴ĺ˺ѿռ䣬Ӳɽ
ͬʱɽ֮⣬ƾոֳһ󷨣סֻ֡
ǣ
󷨼ҵײ˿ֲ籩ֻ־ӲĽ˺һƬĵӰ֮УĸˣһŮڼ磬ƾˡ
ף󷨻ܺϣɽҲЩŵˡ˵Ϊ׵һ˵Ƥ𪣬毺ãЩƫŮԻɽոձɫ˺Ѿڻָһɺɫ谭󷨵Ļָָķǳ
ٺ٣ϾǴһδپţҲЩ̣֣׻󣬻ǲġ
ӵߣһӣֻ۾ںڷ
ˣʥĴ󻤷Ҳʥʥǿ
Ĵ󻤷̸ֳûдкֱ룬ΪĿԶ׼ǾΪʾ
¡
Сǧ类˺ĸƾճ֣ڻϿա
ǺȻǰ벽Ϊ
һ˲ĸ벽񣬶ֻվǽ¾γһͼͼΧתѹɫΪѿ
ͨɫأͻȻĸˣڳ˫ʵزƽ⣬ɽ֣ɽ󷨣ͨûаֻʤİգƴҪʧأ
Ҫ֪ɽѾĴʵˣʥϵɲУοʥ廹аصδ֣
ʥĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ͨһۣ˱˴еļɵ֮ɫ
ߣڷҲǷ˷飬ֳȣȫת
λʥʹˣˣ컯ʥӶһʥĴ󻤷ʥӵмߵĵλ֮䣬Ա˴˽սʵ
Ĵ󻤷ֻ΢΢ͷû˵컯ʥ΢΢һЦڣǿ̸̸칲˰ɣ
ʵ̸ĵʵô̸Ƣ𱬵Ҳĸ˺һ֣֮ܿ
Эһ£ʥȻҪʥԣĿʥӶԴ룬ĸڣԷչ
нһǧ꣬γɾСħɵ˳ɳôͻϣ
ʷϣҲ֮ܿ裬Ǻȴɾһֻ̣֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮¡
ô̸ͨѾɿˣ仰ͬڴӦ컯ʥӵ
üһ£Ҳûзԡ
Ŷ԰컯ʥһϲھԵʵǰôҲ
ʱʥֻҪռ򣬽˸ͿԴ򲻶ϵӶԴͶ뵽Իսȥ
սʤ˻֮ʥԸ壬ǾͬԷˮһˡ
ʱʥ彫Ϊף
컯ʥһһĺԼӣ˵ʥǩһַƽԼǣһԸûԹ缰丽硢С硢ؾʥУҪô뿪Թ磬ҪôڻԹ磬Ҫʥ
ڶǧ磬ǧ硢С磬ʥפУͬԴ
һ⸶ʥʮ񣬻ߵȼ۵Ĳϡ鱦
컯ʥʨӿڣһ׳˿ŵ֮ͨӣ
Ҳɫ΢ʥĴ󻤷ڳпܡ
ôǲͬ⣿
컯ʥһгӣԣʥĴ󻤷˴֮ʼת޵ɱת˱ѹ
Ĵ󻤷ֲսʵ
ͨĬˣҲû˵ڷֳַ飬Ĭ𾭡
ޱȳơ
Ȼ˵£õĽǸô桢ԴԼ˭Ҳǩһǩ϶ҪһĺڹʷأΪЩǿ۵㡣
Ρͨڷ𡢵ȣ
ǧ֮ӮãʱˣǾͻΪʷˡ
ǩԼھͿ
һٶ˽άȵľء
ǩͿܳΪˣǩֲС
ʱͻȻһĻڳ𣬴ڷ𳤳İü΢΢
ôˣͨʵ
ҪҡڷԪ˵
˭

ͨüͷһ壬ΣҲǲԣ֮Ļ飬ΪСʲô
ʲôôķʲôͻǵΪ˲䱻ˣ
ͨ˵


1401 Ҿܾ
ɽУʵԭͱʥһЩһĴҪ˻УȻӰս
ͨӻ֣˼ǲҪҡ
ʱȴ˵ڴʦɡ
ţͨüһмΪ⡣
ĳֳͻһᱣġ
ĵλҪ߹ͨȴڷ𡢵ȵһҪߣ˵ˡ
ηͨȻֱΥ棬üͷһ壬ΣСܸʲôѵܿʥ˵˳򲻳ɣ
ͨû˵̸УʵΨһĳ룬ϬҲġ
ȻҪȻҪ飬Ҷ˽⡣
Уֵػûзִ顣
õģȻˣľڷ˵ţָһ㣬һζѿһʱ֮š
һʱ֮л߳
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼϣʥϰѹ£Ҳѹ֣ѳܵס
ңĿ컯ʥһۡ
컯ʥĸߴֳһӣüһɫӡǣһѽ𽣡
컯ʥӣ
ļס˵ӣʮǰԪΪħѣħģӦ컯ʥʣǺ컯ʥȴħ컯ʥʹá
Ǵ裬ֻǸ컯ʥã²⣬컯ʥҪʥĴսħմԪѪ⣬ϾʮǰԪȻħ飬ȴħľԪȫˡ
˿ħӦû൱ʱ컯ʥӵϣħǻԪԸ˶ݣοҲҪħ塣
컯ʥӣȻǾڵԶԶ
ţʱһ϶Сӣվסû±죬⣬ǿδػס㣡
˵ͨȻѺãеĹػ֮⻹ǺԵģ΢΢һЦʾл
컯ʥӵĿһۣһ˿֮ɫ˵֣ȴûĻûϳΪϿ֪һʥصţûʸμ̸еġ
С˭
ʥӵ£һĹھ츳ߣδƽλһڶ
Ŷ컯ʥӵ֪ݺִһȻ˽⣬ֻ˽ϣ֪ò컯ʥעĻ컯ʥҪܡɱĿꡣ
̫ˡ
컯ʥ츳Сд˼ǳʥΪܶԿò˶ã̤ʥʱҲĶˡ
£һֻڵûʸ컯ʥӼɵΪĳɳñκ˶죬ֻԽˣûб˳Խ
˫ޣſ룬ΪڣʵҲһˣϧ̫ۣȵѾ棬ȵʥѾ֮ϣȵɽѾͻ񾳽磬ʥ壬̤ƽˣǸʱţҲҪҵ¡
뵽컯ʥûٹע˵ʥ飬ǵ״ӦǲӦ
üһʱԪǰʥ嵽ʲô
Լ˵ˣĴ󻤷ĵԼʥʵĹⶼ˵
Цʥ̴ãտڰҪǵֳأӶԴĵ
Ԫǰʥֻưˣ֪ǲӦʥҲҷȫսΪڵãѾʥ忪սˣ컯ʥδظ״̬ǸĲ𡣡
ԼõϢԭԭ˵˳ûκκأʱκһ漰δ¹شҲֻ֪ܽһУԭԭĸŷ
һĿʥһֱһ֪ܣô֪
ȷ
ȷ϶Ļش
ô֪βϲ̽ܵˣʵ¹شòϢԴ׿ɲš
΢΢ɣ˵ڻԪ칬е֪ġ
ħϢ᲻ţͲܹܵ˵ˡ
Ԫ칬΢΢Ļһ©ζ˽⣬ڻԪ칬е֪ôҪϢһһʱ䱨ϾϢ̫ؼˣֱӹϵʥĵһս֪ϢͲ̫ɵɳࡢǿߣԹս۾Ͳôˡ
᲻еĵôʵǣոյ֪ϢżҴҵҪ̸ֳãҲ̸пʼǰϢų
ϵǰЩҪʥʬ飬вɱһЩ롣
ϾǻǧֻƲ⣬ͽȥòˡ
ʣһܣǿ̽鵽˴ļ䣬ñ֪ܡ
ܵģϵܣȻͬСɣ
û׷ʣûѣһµġ
ûҪ̽ΪУϾʥ֮νƽǧ֮꣬꣬ȻҪһս
⿿һ˾ԲҪǿӿ֣ؼһˣػɱȡѣ˵ĴǵһλģҪɾ֮ϣ
ûˣҶܴУһʢҪһ޴ȥжĴ׷ɱϦҪõöࡣ
Σ㵽׿ǵô컯ʥЩͷˣһְֻӣĿѲӣܸоθղԪ˵ʲô⣬ǸС漰̸Уܲʲô˵˸ھʵǰҲûκ塣
컯ʥȻͷȴɹгЦݣſ߰ǰ
þŮĳɾ͸Уܡ
һ£ּۻһûϵóʿȣһЩòЩòҲһʼԼ֮ǰԤõģʵóٸֻ࣬Ҫǧ
תͷ컯ʥӣͻȻЦˣЦҫۡ
컯ʥ΢΢һЦʲôĪЦֺԼԣʱ촽һһٵ˵֣
ҡܡ
컯ʥӵ˲佩סˡ


1402 ͵Ϯ
ʲô
һȫԾʥһʱûӦܾ̫ɴˣǿ˸оûκּۻ۵Ĵ㡣
컯ʥЦݽϣƬ֮ЦôǿԾ̸
ĮĿ컯ʥһۣĿдһ˿ģҪ̸ˣҳ׾ܾԼеݡ
Ļ컯ʥӵɫЩĻţϵ˽ﴫ
̫ǿˣȻǿǾú죬üĸоʥǿûףµ컯ʥӡ
Σ֪˵ʲô컯ʥ˫ֳȣӵĩ˵ʯϣ֨֨֨
컯ʥԭԤּۻ۵Ŀռ䣬ôҲû뵽Էּۻ۵ȤûУֱһڻؾ
ΡͨδǶľܾʥ壬һսȫ汬
ΣͷһѵʵҲбҪģȻǻ˶ĴһίҲʲôˡ
ͨ˵ţҪ˵ʲôȴһ֣˵
һ仰Ҳͨû˵ʲôˣлһҲûС
νΪ鲻Ϊȫô컯ʥЦţվԣʥĴ󻤷ҲǰȫԪתض΢΢
һҲʾһٶȻʥ˵ԲһЩӵɽ󷨣ʧҲشʥ塣
Ϊףͨȡڷһһĸ֡
ǣ
𶯣Ĵ֣ʥĴ󻤷ԣ
˹ƳײһϵıɫϢΪӴ󣬼һӲĿסϢͨȡڷ˺һͬסɡ
˼
Ĵ󻤷Ϊ׵ĺڼǷһ˿ЦȫԪ񱩣ͬʱ֮սһӲӵķǽת
һҲʾڷȻ˵棬ֻһƵĺ죬بʯĵ汻ըӴĽɫ˷۹ɸġӡڷС
һʱ䣬ΧӴ
ɽд洢ڷΪɽĴƣʱʵĴ󻤷ֲսҲ޷ҡڷơ
ţ
ڼɫһ䣬ûĶֻ֣̽ҲԷֳǿˡ
𣬱Ҫǿö࣬ҲζţһսĴ˫ֲô
Σȫ̸пʼǰûԤϵģʧȥ˿ơ
һ̸б̣ʥֲ˺ôﲻҴ򣬻ȥҲҴһʥǿʵݺݵһĴȫˡ
컯ʥӵɫԽԽͻȻ
֮ǰḶ́ʥչ¶ǿʵ֮ѾˣͨѾĬǩͣսԼԼϸڣּۻһҲûзԡ
ǾʱͻȻ֣Ԫʲô
̬Ⱦһٰʮȴת䣬ܾʥһ
˵һ޹أ컯ʥôš
Сӣ׸˵ʲô
컯ʥӹһ˿ԹǩͣսԼ漰˾޴棬һǩڲһһ䣬ȫռ档
ⲻݼʥ壬һ̶Ӱʥ֮սĽؼǣЩ޴󲿷ֶ컯֮У컯ʥõΪպĵʯ
ھΪĳ֣ȫûˡ
ܲޣ
ģ컯ʥһԤУΪһһƻʥĺ£δؾûһΣ
뵽컯ʥͻȻֽȡħ飬Ѫħ֮е
ֻһµħ֮зɳһֻħӰֱ
ⲻ컯ʥԼʥ컯ʥӡħ֮е컯ʥֻǽڵʵҲֻʮ֮һѣȻֻʮ֮һҲ㹻ˣ
컯ʥӵĴܼ򵥣һ̸жûнˣʥ໥ɵ֣ܶκιֵľٶҲܰôȻˣβһѣܰɱˣ
ʱʥԿҲв˼սţ˭Ҳû뵽컯ʥͻȻѣĿ
ۿǺɫħӰʧɫӰ˵ͬʱֽг˷Ѫǹ
ܸܵĿֲʮɵľ룬оԼȫѪ·Ҫȥһ㣬弸ѣ·Ҫѹ֮·ǣ


1403 ֮Լ

һ󾪣Ȼʱ򣬴ڲ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰһͬһɫһǰɫħӰһȭҳ
¡
һֲľ죬بʯĻױ顣
ֲನ⼤䣬𼶱ｻ֣±˻ҲˣѪӿ·Ҫըһ㡣

صһǹӳ˼ԪನȴɳȥصײǽϣȳһѪɫ԰ޱȡ
ղһˣ
컯ʥʺεѾ䣬컯ʥֻħ޵һҲ
һ˰ǣ֮£ˣ
ף̫ˡ
Ϊ൱Ѱİ벽ʥ֮УһĴڡ
컯ʥӣҲǿʮϰٱ
ο컯ʥһǿţԴ伫Ĺܱȵġ
̫ˣ
ԼؿڣƤȻǺõģڲѪѾһͿڰʴûиĹ򣬺ѻָ
֮УκιּҵײпܽȥһʼҪ֮УͨŻôԡ
߱ĵط
Ҫ̳лԪԸغ飬ɾ۷壬ҲҪ̳з־࣬ɹδ٣ڣУһսನܽҽЩʲô̸ģ
սȭͷָĿ۽
ҪǿҪٱǿʥĺƽҲֻǧ꣬ǧʱ䣬ܳɳʲôʵЩ;ģ
û°ɣ
󣬳˵Ҳôã컯ʥʵײȻûˣҲΪǱ
ŭĶ컯ʥӣ̸ֳȻ죬һ־ɱУҪɱ
֪СȻ̸ֳɱˣ㣡
ҲǻƢһ仰ͽʱóеոӽţ
컯ʥſĴЦղŽʲôƾҲô˵ʲôǧ䣬ſеȣպҲֹڴˣһǧ֮Ҷԣһֻɱ㣬ɱһ㣬Ѵ֮
˵ʲôŭȫѪӿ̲סҪ֡
컯ʥӲΪ⣬Ц˵ʲôôе֮һսɸң
컯ʥͱˣһϵѪ·ӿϡ
Ȼǵڻһʼʱ򣬻컯ʥӳͻ컯ʥӱԼսӦȴ
ôȻΪ֮󣬻񲻻컯ʥӵĶ֣
۹⣬ΪŷһЩ
ǱıȻҪôһ㣬컯ʥӵսάȣ
ӦĻ˾ųɵĸҪս
ǲӦ⽣ŵУ漰ϣҫʱˣǾƣҲԼ档
˶Ѫԣ˵һҲǻһϣ䵽𾳽ˣ
ʱ˻ڸĴ󻤷ţһҧҪӦ´ս
ʱŷѪǹǰһںǰ
һǵѪЦǰȻǰԼսɣ
⣬·һս˵ûʲô˵ġ
ţһ㶣ûӦ
ʱѾ컯ʥӣѪǹֱָ컯ʥӵüģǹ֮ϣâ˸εۣԼսΣֻ꣬Ҫ꣬һɸҴӦ
˵䣬ȴ΢Ц¶һȾѪݡ
һĻ˶ˡ
ȻҪ컯ʥӰԼս
һʱ䣬ĶԿ
ţû˷ϣںܶ˿սս˲١
Ҳ˵컯ʥӣο컯ʥӻк컯ʥһǿߺޱִڣ
ֻԽˣûб˳Խ
ƫƫȻҪðʱ䣬׷컯ʥӣǺε
Ҫ嶯æ˵֪ΪԼͷԸǷ飬֮ǰΪһΪս
һ黹һ顣
Լսң컯ʥӴЦ۾һ˿ҳǸ˲ţһڶҲ㲻ˣϧұԶǵΪߵڣʥڣ֮һս㻹ӮϧǵΪǷŵģұһ󾳽磡˵һ꣬һǧ꣬һ꣬㶼ܳԽң֮Ĳֻ࣬ԽԽ󣡡
컯ʥӣһڣһ൱ʥڣΪ̫󣬸һţðʱ䣬ǴڶǺοҪڰ׷컯ʥӣ
֮컯ʥӿܴﵽʥ磬ǴżʱʵҲԶˡ
еѣ֪
Сӷ˰ɣȻսʥӣһʥЦ
ٺ٣Ϊ컯ʥѡģʥʥʥʣһͻʥˣ˼ӳ֣Ҫ̫ã
ʥųվû䣬ҵõ౦ڻкܼ۴УҲµһԴ಻˵ʣͬʱӵ컯ʥʺʥħѪСҩҺݴģڻһԪ̥Ǻõó棬ǽس
Щ飬ɵСô֪ΪԼһڶ޵ˣ
ʥǷ׷ۣЩ۲ûԪֱӴǵĶУÿ˵һǵɫѿһ֡
컯ʥʺʥħѪһĴ˼ڻԪ̥Ҫ˵ִСԴ
ôʥʥʲô˼ѵʥÿһһͳʥʵ
֪Ǳ𡢺𣬶е̫çײˡ
һΪҪ°֮Լ֪ϻоܣٴҲᳬ飬棬ǲ컯ʥӣ컯ʥд˼ԼսҲԣΪ֮һս㶨֮ڣ̫ˣ
΢΢Լս֮ǰҲû뵽컯ʥôˣûʲôڵģ˵ллǰҸ棬°֮ڣǹţҲǿΪ˸Լ㹻ѹʥĺƽᳬǧܸ̣꣬Ĵٱ֮ʱûа벽ϵʵ̸ʲôԿ٣


1404 ̸н
һпһ£ǧ֮ڣﵽ벽ʵ
Ҫ֪ΡȵˣҲǰ벽ѣ
ƾõ²ŴﵽһҪǧ֮ھʹﵽ˵ȥ˭ţ
Ҫڴ֮һչ֣벽ġ
漰սֻмᣬʿʥڻˡ
뵽˴ٵʱԼڱУҪԼȥȡһУ벽񶼲Ŀ꣬ҪΪ񣬿濹컯ʥʣ
ֻս֣
˵ĺãͻȻ˵Ӧ;ģ춯صĴ£̤֮·Ϊ˱ܵģԼȻ϶·ȥɣ칬ȫ֧㡣
ڣʥڵ컯ʥӶ°֮ԼȷʵϾ춯صĴˣգʥ塢嶼֪Ϣ
ٺ١컯ʥӿǴһ˿ϷʣȻҪԼսܺãǾǩħԼ֮ħɣȫϣɢֻأ
컯ʥ˺ݶԣЦε칲ѾܽˣôܳȥҲһο
δسţ컯ʥӱһɱһԾ󻼣
ã
һڴӦ
컯ʥˣҧָһξѪ
ξѪڰн㣬һɺġ
Щķ·ںɫĻһȼգ󻯳ӡ컯ʥӵڡ
һĻڳľħԼһǩ£ôζŰֻܻ֮һˡ
ǩԼҪ
Ӯ

еѪڣӡؿγһںɫӡǣû
ԼЧ
һĻ컯ʥ¶һ˿Ц
̸֪ѾнˣȥҲκ壬岻֪֪Щʲôò
֮ɱǽΨһջ
ߣ
컯ʥ԰գֱɶʥȥɽ󷨣һα˺ѣ
һٶʥ˺գӰһš
ӣôˣ
ⳡԭΪòͿ̸̿УΪֹˣ
ʥҲûг֣ڵȴջȥˡ
ʼգʥ忴ᣬδĳ֣һֱڿ壬ŲɣҰܶ飡
֤ʥ飡
Ҳں£ǿݣֻǺٻˡ
Ȼˣʥȷʵǿ
ͷҧסߣôԺ޹ƽԵԼľôǩˣ
뵽Ƿ׷׿Σֿ
ǵȻ֪̬ȴת֮ǰԪʲô
Ρ׸˵ʲô
ʻͨ벻ͨʲôȰΡ
Ȼ˵ܶҲɣʥǲǲȫ濪սڼɵʲô
ⶼƲ⣬ʥǿߣ벽ǿʵԶǿ漰Ĺؼʱ˭ҸݼƲ½ۣ
ҡͷûʲôֻǸһЩѡ
˵ļ京ȻǲԸ͸¶ϸڣǶıܣ֪ԽԽá
ͨ΢΢ûˣ֪β˵
غʥ˥̸Уôˣʥû߳ŭûд֣һֱͣڻԹ硣
ҲûɳսոԹ硣ѾõĽûиأûûɥʧκȨ£徹Ȼȡ˺ƽ
ʥɵ壬İǱƼˣǿƣⲻ廹ʥ壬Ը⿴
ˣⳡսɳ𣬾ڽ
ʥ֮ӭ˶ݵĺƽԹʱʥռݣ඼ڻӢΰ
ʱսʥ컯ʥӵϢҲͬˮһɢ
ĿͬĴߣս컯ʥһ׳٣
ˣ½԰£ҪһӢԼľҪһ죬ηǿеսҪǿʥ嶷׵
Խս컯ʥӣɾһ㣬ü
ķˣڻɫڻ᳡ս컯ʥӵ龰ȻǶ
ǵУʼӢ۵̬֣ѹȫķ
ʥ壬ȴȫ෴˵Ķ컯ʥѪ龰Լս컯ʥӣֱӱһЦˡ
δʥʣôܱһڵСӴܣ


1405 ʥ忡
ɽ̸Уתһµʱȥʥʼհû˳Թ磬Ҳûмģ֡
ֹȥգʥһʹߣ컯ʥʵһֽ顣
Ĵǣʥ֮ڣٱģսżʥ¡𲻵ò뵽սȥ
ʥ岻˳Թ磬Թ罫ΪʥΨһɱս塢ʥĸɳӵԹս
һ߳Թ磬ʥ岻ɱ˫ͬô
塢ʥ壬κһΥҪ⵽׷ɱ
һǩԼѭԼݣħɣ
Լϣʥʮǩµ֡
ӦҲҪʮǩΡͨȵ˶ˡ
컯ʥ뽫ԹΪһ飬ĬĬ˵
ʥҪſٳɳͬˣպĻԹ磬Ѫȷ磬ģῡܣƵսͬҲζŻԹţɳø졣
ԤԹһս۶ʥ嶼ϣɼսҲϣġ
ܵ˵һƽԼ廹ʥ壬ϣǩ
ĬãԼǩԼ֡
֮ǩ֡
ʮǩԼһףڿȼɢˡ
ԼһΥȻҪҲʧΪ˵Ѿ൱صĴˣˣȻΥˡ
ʥ֮䣬γ˹ĺƽ
ڻԹ磬ɱԽԽңˣѪգȻԼʥУһЩĦͿܴ֡ҲҲȥսɱڻԹ磬𶼲ֻ֣Ҫ㹻ʵˣܱס
ڱ׿磬һŴ֮ϡ
Ϊ׿ǣΪڱ׿ͻԹĽشܶҪȥԹҪ
Ҳʹãƽʱⲻ̫Ļ׿ַǷÿ·֮ꡣ
ʱڻ׿һ¥֮С
߰˸߾ۼһߺžƣһ̸ʲôǶȥԹ忡ܡ
ȥԹģҲʥؼţһƷŵò֣׾ڻԹ䡣
ЩԽԽ˷ܣǴʥĵǰƣĵԹս̶ĵǰɽ̸УתƵ컯ʥӵİԼսϡ
ɽԽһ󾳽ս컯ʥӵ飬ѾΪ̸߶֪ˡ
ûкܶܶ࣬ûߣȴٵÿ
Ҹ컯ʥǩԼŸе죡
˵Ҫͻˣ
Ѿͣʱ䣬ͻˣֻѣǵ˵ͻǷǳ򵥵飬ҪǸǷʵ
ͻ֮ʵֻǿһأٶȣ֮󣬲֪ܳɳʲô̶ȣǸ컯ʥ̫ˣͿ˳ˣ
컯ʥӵ츳ӹɣճ֮Ӯѣд˼һ·ɳ漣һΣܴͬ漣
¥еЩţǳͨʥأ棬Ѿ˽컯ʥӵĿ£ڵ컯ʥʵڲе
һΣǸֵСӻܴ漣
ʱ򣬾¥һһгԷӲƺʹõĻ
ῡüͷһ壬תͷȥֻھ¥УһŮ
λϵӣһ£ƤСɫಢӢе죬һ˫۾ȴ֮ӵʱ򣬲Ծ˽ȥ
ڽӵߣһŮò毺ã޳ʼչĵЦݣһֻŽӵĸ첲ƺǽӵˡ
һӳøɸݣһͣһ˫Ҳ缦צݣʮֿ¡
˵ŷԵĲͬټ֮ǰӲͶĵӣۺȻǳʥˣ
ʥӣ
ʥӣȻܵԹˣ
ߵ߰˸ת־ҪȴΪ׵һ嶯Ѿ뿪ԹˣʥԼһ뿪Թ磬κ˲öɱ˫ͬ⣬ǾΥ˹ҪܵƲá
û˵Ķԣ嶯ɱˣҲҪᡣ
ῡ˵ţʥһĸӺŮȴ·ЦЦЦ
һЦǲʰῡüͷЦʲô
Ц֪Ůվ˻޴ʲôݶ֪ȴΪɱǣǿЦ֮ӦøлʥԼƾǸղŶǵĲѾͷأ
屳ƺʥΪʥӡʥƺ壬ˣʥУǲū׵⤡Ȼʱֺƽƽʱ໥ٲˡ
ߣװʲô⣬ﲻ֣ܳǰôôǰ۵ģ
˵ɨһʥߵΪʥ侳кڵӣΪǲ¡
ʲôƾҲʸʥĦʦֽ֣ĦʦУһ͵Ĺˣ
Ҳ̸ֳ⣬ĦʦֲŻһǸ׳ա
ô˵С廹ǲģҲһţȻҪĦʦȻֵóȫ֮һ
Ħ컯ʥӵϣ˵ֱĦʦֳƺ컯ʥӣȻ컯ʥӹϵͬһ㡣
Щôڳῡܶŭգǵʲôˣ
Ϊ׵˵ƾĦʦֵĳƺĲ²⣬Щ˺ܸܿ컯ʥӳһҲʥеĺĵӣô츳Բ󣡣
˶һۣŮЦǣˣǶ컯ʥµӣʦ֣һʥʥڵһһңе
Ů˵ţһָ˵Ϊ׵Ľꡣ
ڳῡһпһ¡
ʥʥڵһһ͵
ʥ൱ڣ۶ʥ廹Ƕ˵񺣡ʥһΪɵʱڣ˵֮󣬸ַ򶼿Եõ֣ھٰῡܵĵһ䣬˵ʥҲˡ
õʥڵһĵһ츳֪
ϾʥţŸࡢǿ
һ㣬ЩῡٲԸ⣬Ҳ޷ϡ
ǺɣǰĽ꣬Ȼֻʥ侳ڵΪʵܸʥһ£컯ʥȣҲֻ˺Ĳˣ޹Ǹ˵Ĵ󻰡


1406 갷
ʥصĵӣλʥһһ
ῡʲô˸˵Ĳ֪ˣˣ˵Ĳ֮ͬ
뵽ڳῡܶЩģһΪ϶Уʥ֮Ĳʵ̫
˵컯ʥӣǰĽ꣬ҲԲ֮
ῡ𾪵ı飬ŮӺ⣬Ц˵ʦ֣ʥ壬еӵĳƺţǲǳʥ壬֪ӡֵĺ壬컯ʥ裬ʦĦʦСܶ࣬컯ʥӵţδزʦֵͷϣߣٽʥܴӰ죬˲űʦֺĦʦ־ⳡҫ۵ǣǵĲ࣬ҲֻĲͬˣ
ŮȻΪݽ꣬һ˵ڳῡܶܵ˼ѹ
˵εһ䣬ǧʢһΣһСħɡΡгա¡š
ΪٵӰ졣
Ȼˣ˭˵ʥͲᱻӰˣһأ
ʥĵӣԭͱҪǿִͬĻʥҲǿ塣
߰ɣȻػԹ磬һʱ䣬֮ȥ磬ῡܣʲôˮƽ
Ϊ׵Ľ˵԰գϵһһŮҪ뿪¥
ʦ֣˵Ҫȥһῡܣĺһ˷ܵ촽
ǣ֮һսȻڲ֣ܳʹǿʼɣչδһսھʹݻǵģھӮǣǧ֮󣬸ǲ˵ˣƣҲһξ޴Ĺ裡
᪻˵Ҫ塢ʥ壬ҲҪλᣬʥ
ʦ˵öԣĦʦΪΪ̫ߣЩŸ͸ϣֵֻܳǣΰǵŴˣô廹ʲôƸʱڻԹ磬ǵƶܹ裬˵ʥʻǼʹͣ
޹˼ɵ˵ţߵɫѿ
⼸ˣ̫Ŀˣǵ
ߣ
ʥῡڿնĿǻԹ硣

ʥ̸֮ɽչء
ɽʷƾã۵̾ŵһɽϵĸͥԺ¥ȣ󷨣Щ󷨻Ǹзаãɽ԰գҲֲã̺档
칬˿
ʦܣ̫ʦ룡һ鲼ɮ۵ɮǰ˫ֺʮһš
̫ʦʦһɽ֣ǵȣҲǴڷ𣬶ʦ벽ΪǰλɮѾĲѧƺǣһ̫ʦ棬һ̫ʦ塣
̫ʦǴڷˣһǰͳɽߣصˣ
̫ʦʦܼͻڣʦȥ갷⣬ܷϴ񡣡
⡭⡭֮ǰû˵ʣ˵ͷ˵ʦִ·
ɽ̫ϵĽЩżܶѾ꣬ʮʷɽӣϵļӹ󷨣ݽṹģȥûκβ֮Уƾ¶һµĲɣ֮п
ɮһȣһͥԺ֮УͥԺ·ɺשʯ̳ɣÿһשʯ˪ͬһɽĺʷ顣
ˡ
ɮֳַʮһţˡ
ǰһƬɫ֡
Щ߰˾Ų㲻ȣÿһмʮɸߣȥûн̻Ի͵ĸоһׯ֮С
֮ǰվһϵɮˣһ鲼ɮۣŽɫģŵŲЬ磬üһ߳һִȣֳһ飬鹲߿ţСһǿŴķͨ԰ףһЩɫ·ӿѪһ㣬һֻ飬Ŀġ
ɮֻվ˷·ؼΪһ壬۾ȥֻø֪ȥ̽ĻǾԲ鲻ɮ˵Ĵڣߣȴ鲻ָоʮֹ졣
üɮȻɽڷμˣҲҪһǰ
ڷǰ
һ
ڷһۣĵͷֻǼ򵥵˵һ䣬ӽʮʱ䣬ʹɡ
ڷϣʮֻ˸оΪ̫ߣѾԴˡ
ǡǵãɮʱ˵갷
ɽ֣һ̤𾳽ʦĹᣬʮ꣬ɽɮԲ֮󣬱𻯣ǻУͬǵıһ𣬰Ϊ갷Ҳ
ڷ˵һݡ
ȻɽɮĹ֮أ
ɽʮʷڼֹٽܳֱݣ
ֻгɾͼߵʦʸ갷֮УôܳﰲڴˣѾȥ꣬ķ⡢Ҳһֱţᱻĥ
֪ʱڷѾƮȻȥ
һˣĸ֮ȵ־
Σ̬갷ĤΣг⡣
߲졢أǲܲǰ͡
Щһʮ
Ŀǹ̶ģԲŵĸɮĿͻɮͬʱһе龰
ĲãȻܴ½ϽʮһЩ֮Ȼ갷ĲԶһ򱶡
Ҳ˵ˣϽȷʵԷţɽţɽͬһ
иа߲㵽Ų㲻ȣĸ߶ȣҲӦаɮĳɾ͡
ɮŹǵ갷ɽʥĵطôɮڴˣƽʱ϶š
Ǵٽ⣬ڷҲԼɽǰķ⡣
̬״̬Ļȥ
һһ٣ٶȺ
Ų֮һθʱͣ٣һС
һɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
ԽԽẓ̌ĸ֮ܵе־ԽԽǿ
üͬһʹ·ȫѪҪüһ£
ս飡
һֻһ죬սХǰһ˰ɫСǹֻǹǹ֮ϣһɲ֮ɫ̻һأ˺ܾãϵĻۣʼδȫͻơ
սѾƽԲ̻սż
ƽս鵽̻ս֮䣬༫ɷϴ֮£ս鼤ҵĺХţսϵĲ֮ɫ·ԽԽŨˣ
ɷ⣬ܹս飡
û⣬ôܾۼһĹᣬҲֻɽӵˣ־Ҳǿ


1407 
ԹǿزشУԵ̳С
ЩǿߵʬǣһЩ֪ĵط߸ɴһΪǿߵʬ屾޼֮
Щǿߣһ̷ĵرǵѪ⾫䣬ǵĹ磬˵ƺͷӡڳ򣬶Ǽֵڻʯ̵Ķ
ΪЩԭЩǿһ㲻ὫԼʬ۵ĹУԼʬǱڳߵɴй˲
ҲֻɽŴʮ꣬񵽲ĵʬǰ갷֮УһƱ棬иɮϢߡ
ЩеķǱеı
ϵĿ֣ؼ·ԼԼķڻ죬һӲӵķģڿƮ۳
һ̣оԼȫѪҺԪҲŷĵת
ˡ
սоȫĵ־õϴ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
ߵֵĸǰŵԼϢսҲھ֮Уݷ𣬸˵ĸоȫ緲Ůһ㡣
ȥһбعȻ־ߣܲס갷־ĳˢ
һ갷֮£а˲ߣڷУԭʼþĹڣɮŹǺ
ţǴ򿪵ġ
һ֮֮С
ȥ룬һöԲΣӡкܴĲͬ
ɮŹǣһ㱻µع֮УöȻֱӷһҲûзװһĿȻ
ͷȥ֮£һʯдţڴ꣬ɽ֣Ϊңϻ۹ˣĿ̷ٲʮǰϰ䣬һ𷨣սն֮⣬壬ɡ
һеĿȥоޱȣʯϼذһֱʮ궼ûѧϰκֻǲ𷨣ˣ۾Ƿ壬Ҳ޳ˡ
ĵĻǷҲ̫ˡ
¿ʯصĶǰƽɾ֮ͣ⣬ʯ滹һ仰ߣʹ֮಻á
仰һʮ˸֣ʷºͣƯĿ飬ȴɢһ˾ηƣֻǿһۣһĤݵĸо·ȫĶõϴ
ָоֻеħпԪµǾ䡰ƺǺ˭Ϊʷ顱ܹˡ
һ仰԰֣֮е˼Ӧǰԡ
ţ仰˼ǣûдĻôԲţ֮ʱҵͷҪջ١
ɽոɮŹõĻɲһĻ𣬶Ǿ⾳ȫ𣬾ԪϵߣһԪɢʣµܲסգƫƫЩɮȴĻ
뵽һ̧ͷȥϸöƽһͷ
ԲţͷȴӦǾ仰ߣʹ֮಻á
öԣĸɮ֪ﵽľ磬ӦñȴڷҲй֮޲ɡ
ȥʯ棬һξġ
ξĲ书ķһδķ𾭣ϵ̬ȣͷβˡ
Ʒ򣬱һ⾳
갷дʱ䣬ȥ
һ갷
갷ͬһʯ飺ĦҮڴʮڰǧ꣬ȡ
ʮھǧԲţǻҷֳǧݣÿݹǻש֮У갷Ϊһ壬ͨ飬˼Գ鱦
һеϸȥĦҮʦͬԣһȥ֮գ
һԣҲǱи֮ʱһķģĦҮʦĳɾͣذ
ĦҮ갷֮Уִʱ䡣
һ갷ʱһһţһ̸ɮƽǵǵ־ϴ
ڼ䣬Ϊ࣬ȴ·ɱսҲԴ䡭

갷ʱڻԹ磬ȴѪȷ磬ɱ
ῡܣӵǰԹ磬ս
ЩˣԵͻƣΪǣõߵıϤ˶Էܣɻڴ
ˣȴڴ˵ҷʬ޴档
Уһִʡ
Ǿǡ᪣
Ϊսʥ
ʥԻɱǿʥҲа취
츳ʵںţҪ֪Թֵʥ壬ҲʥΪҲ˵᪣ڻԹսквĶ֡
ΧˣʧܣһΣʮǿʲҪɱ᪣׳ƣͬʱΪԼ
ǺǵΧ˲ûгɹ᪷ɱˣҰܶ飡
սߣһŮӣһ꣬ǵʵȻ᪣Ҳǵ֮
һߣǣУ
˵ʥһĵһ
᪸СħɡǼͬһģҲɺˣΪٵԭʥһһҲǰٻţڶ࣡᪣ʥ컯ʥʵ״ӣӵķţҲ컯ʥԷģǿѽ
ڻԹսϣ᪡
ӵͷȷʵĪϾǵдˣֻͨʥصţӲ𣬸ûпɱԡ
⼸£컯ʥѾ伣ΪʥԼ컯ʥӳ֣ƻ˻Թսƽ⣬ʥҲӦ
ǣ컯ʥһЩ츳ѷɫٵ᪺ճڻԹսΪƸΪ꣡
úܶŶսս᪣ǵʵ᪾һ֣ú޼ֵ
᪣߸ŵŮӺǸһļһҲʥһǰʮͬʥأǣжԶܶԶ
Ϊʲôʥһǰ˻ԹսĵһţȴӰӶûУ
ǰǶڸʲôչ𣿱չôȵĹսɱɳ죿ѵΪ£
֪˭˵һ䣬ܶ˶ʱ˵ŭĿӡ
˵ʲôأ
̷ʥУʱܳ־Լ硣
Ȼ˵ľãĵһţǲǺ᪼ˣڻԹ֣Ͼһˣһˣһ
˵˵гյˣѾԹˡƺĳؾˣʱڲ֪ܳô£ɽչء


1408 
ԭʦʮһǧʮԲţΪɽ֡
ĬĬĶǰʯʯԿ̵ķ̾䣬ֱһ֮갷гȴѾһ갷ˡ
֪֮д˶ã֮߳оʶǰδе·ඥ
еҹҹֻأѾһ
šǡ
֣֣߳ΧĳƺĪı仯
ʮ갷֮Уһ־
һޱȵأȪݳɴأУ·Դ
У컨裬ͷף
ھ룬һһ޶
⼫־֮е٣һȴǳرһӾĿ⡣
֣Ҳߴֻɵӡ
ȴԾץ֮С
ΪϣƤѾѣпգ·£ųӡ
֮ϣҶѾ㣬ֻмƬҶȻңԵϡϡģǾ⼸ƬҶӣһööǲԴΣ̹ӨӨ·ɵġ
վǰоһĪͲԹ֮
Уߵ¾һ̣еĪķϢ
ͷȥҶһһ趯ţϵ·޾ĴתɣһԺܲķˣ֮£ĪĽҵ״̬󳹴

Īֹ֡
ʮʱ̤֮·丮ĵһʦ丮̹ٺ֪һ˵
ܴ½ǧǰһΪȵľţ¾ҹںΪһ󳹴޳ɲգ
ʱ˵˵ֻǴ˵ѣǷ򣬻ںΪһԶǿɼ顣
ɹ⴫˵٣ڴ˵棬ȽҹĶ򣬾ƿΪü󾳽磬޷ܣҪ֪ܴ½ɣɵĴƿסһǧʱ䣬һӶ޷ͻƣΪ󾳽磬̫ˡ
ֱ죬֪´˵޶һգƽ͵ķŵӵȣʵɽ
ңһ޳ֻһѣδǰ;
˵ڽϵ;ʱһԿԽüںϣʲôˡ
ҾݴȻʮڣǰǧ羭ʮֱڣûлع顣
Ƚеķջأʵֻһ󲽣ʱ˭ǿ˭޷˵ˡ
ںΪһ
ĬţԼڵУֻ⡢⣬Ԫ⣬лԪħ⡢⡢֡
ʵϣڻԪ칬չ꣬Ҳʼδܽħˡںϡ
֮⣬οռ䣬Ļ춴磬Ҳ⡣
˵ˣһ⾳߱ӦıǷ򣬷棬߶⡣
㣬ӵеҲ֡
Ҫ⳹ںϣ˵ȴ죡
Ϊ⣬ֶǶ䣬з춴ǿܳķ롣
Ҫȫںϣǧѡ
¾ܿȫ״̬
ʱһһĹȥһͬһܡ
ÿһգһöӨҶӴƮϣԴΡ
ż£ָֻСӣ沼ϵ·Щ··֯һͼ
ЩҶӣնɾӨ⣬뵽ڡ
еķ𷨣ķϣȫڻת뵽ľ֮С
ԭ֮еֻ⣬Ѿʧˣһ뵽˻Ԫ֮У⣬Ҳˡ
һб仯˳¡
ʮ졣
ʮ֮Ȼ˫ۡ
ֻһ̶ޱȵĺХ֮һöͨԴǹսХڿзһܣַʶ
Ҳһһ㱬
ʵѾڵƿҲڹȥʮ֮Уˣ
ڣ
̻ս飡
վʱо綼һˡ
꾭һҲһγ׵
ħˡ⣬ѾںΪĻԪ⣬ֻ⡢⣬ҲС
ֻǻ춴硢οռ䣬ܽȫںϣˣҲΪˡ
ϲʩˡ
ʱһϵͻȻ
һһ񣬡ڷǰ
һɲǣ־ģһģӰӾԵ߳
ǰü߳Ĵڷ
ʩԭŵ갷ʱֻʮ죬ʩѾʮˡ
΢΢һ갷֮ȫ˿״̬˴ڷʮޡ
ǸΪĶ̾䣬һʱʱ䡣
޷ʩôã־ⶼķԵǺ£㣬ʵҲǿˣȻҪҪʩԼ
ллǰԵĸлˣȻûʲôȴѧϰ˻Ԫ𡢷󶥼һǿߵĴо
ڣڵ̳ʮɽ
ЩӣûԼⷬͻԵ
ټĸֲԴ֧֣ԴϣҲκһӲˡ
жЩĴܣԵĸл
ˣʩԹ缤սŵĳɳܿһıչؾ޳ȥԹѰԼ֮·ɣ
ڷ˵ţһֻоռһģһ̣Ѿɽɽš
һתۼѾȥ˰˾ʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ֻȼսħʼսΣԼܴ½ڤ׷ɱ
ʱ䣬ڱչأ칬һ꣬Ԫ칬꣬ࡣ
ôʱ䣬ڶ壬һֱ˳ڣԽһ󾳽硣
֮ǰĻۣ˳
ŲһתۼѾ֮⣬̤գɶݶȥڿУȡСٱ˵ĻԪ칬УԪ칬һǣԹȥ
ʱڣȻԼ涨ǧ˻Թĵطʥ֮䶼ǴСһЩԪ칬ķ齢ǿöࡣ
ڻԪ칬ǷߵҲȫˣڵԽһ󾳽컯ʥӶ°֮ԼѾܸߵһˡ


1409 𡢺
׿磬׿ǡ
ΪԹĴǣ׿ԽԽÿ߲
һգ׿һͷҵӡ
һɫװѹúܵͣȺ֮УۣܲԼ۲ȴܷ֣߶·γһεӵĽֵϣûܹ½ǡ
¾װӣ
һ·߹߾¥ҩ̡ʮֲֺƷһʹӻ̤꣬żˡ
Ǵ̫ˡ
΢΢пЩߵˣóһŵʥض㿡ܣܶ˶ǵ׵ˮƽ
׵赱ڷӵż񣬶ŵֻȻˡ
¥׿ľ¥֮һ⴦ҵ׿ʥأ¥һ꣬ڲݻޱȣʳʮ־£ǶΪкôʳƣȻ۸Ҳƣ׿Ǿۼῡܣʵܵѡ
ʱھ¥һ㣬߰˸ڸš
۲ǴڻԹԪǣ߸˱ʮֻʥ幷Χǲûɱǣǲµ󣬱ɱֻʥֻʣֻʥˣһսҾõǧѫ
ڴ룬һ²Ĵš
ȻΧˣȴǴЦһ˺˵˵ӣӢ¼˰˱ˣ䶼ˣǲ˵˵ѪҴ½ľ
ԣѪҴ½ľӦþˣϧǹѫȥһΣг֣
ߣǸʲô̫ˣȻԸûŽֵıҪ˵ʲô컯ʥӻӦԼսֻΪʱ⣬òӦƽʱ컯ʥֻᵱһֻԼǰҽУô
᪣¥ԭֵĳʱʮῡĬĬĺȾƣ߳ԲˣһɫȻܶǷŭҲһ˿¡
᪣
һԼǵ֣ӡΪȥʥļ䡣
᪣ʥһʥڵһĵһ츳컯ʥҲѷɫ٣ֻв࣬ʶʵѡ
ȥʥļУۼߡ
ԭʥһһȷʵ԰ʱĿ΢΢һֻҡеľƱҿҽеĹʥУ廹׸ĸѽ
ţһ⡣
ʥȷʵǹţҲб£֪Σûпһս
֪˭˵һ䣬ڳŶĬˡ
Աʥ壬ȷʵ̣ͬǵһĹھܸо硣
Ȼǲֱ˵岻ʥ壬ֻܳĬˡ
гպһսĽɣгյĶֲ᪣᪸гǵս
гտ϶᪣ֻһѣͱα಻С治֪ڸʲô˵ɽչأʱˣչأʲôչܱʵսΪÿ죡
Щ߲ˬ˵չصʱȷʵЩˡѾʼʱ䣬û뿪ɽ
ս᪣ҲδػӦģһһ߸ϵӣŸûʸս˵ģǲмһսƽã˵Ļ
˵û˵ȥˣ˵ɫÿ
Ρδϣ컯ʥӶ°սԼ᪣ǲһЦô
Թ磬ҲǸǵľڵǳ˵㣬ҪʱĻۣƺ᲻١
ԣᣬڲ磬Ҳʲô
ƺҵһЩοΧ俪ʼ̸ˣͬεУҲֻСħɱС
Щ˵ۣ̾һԼѾ̶ֳôҪڣѰο
᪣ҵҪȻøŶսûӵݣҾͿʲô
վһСʯѹ˶ң߳¥
ԼµĿǣһ׷컯ʥӡ
֮ʵϴﵽˮ׼
ǧ֮ʥĴսҪʵϴﵽ벽ˮ׼
ʵΪ
ڵʱľ徳ʲôԼҲԤ⡣
ǧ֮ڣҪͻ²ףϾȣҲһʱͻ
ʮǰ忡ܵв˸Ϊ𣬵ҲҪǧʱ䡣
һǧ̫꣬սˡ
֮·ʮּѣپпһʧܡ
ܷ벽һϸ£Ҳ޷Ԥϵ顣
֮δһУգֻԵδ֪飬ߵһ޷Ԥ֪Լʵ
Ҫģһ֮ڣ׷컯ʥӡ
Ŵٴʢ;޴ѹԼͻƼޣһ漣
һ̤ת˲ǧƾԿռ⾳⣬ѾпռŲƣٶȲ齢
ֽȡ˻Ԫ칬ν˸죬ŻԪ칬ԼٶȷԹ硣
һʱ֮󣬿ޱߵĻԹĳռȻһĲһɫĹռзɳɶȥ
Ԫ칬ͨ齢ٶȿ˲֪ٱһ磬ʵ̫Ҫһ֮ھֱӺᴩһ磬Щѡ
еʱѪҴ½ϵսʼˣ
ѪҴ½ǣǻԹǿеһƬ½Ĵ½Ϊأһһ磬ֻ½½̬ڣ½̫󣬾ͻ̮Ȼγһ壬Ҳ
ѪҴ½ȻγɣϹʱһǿߣģ󷨹̶½״½ʲôԭǾͲö֪ˡ
Ƭ½ϣӣսϣΪѪȣңѪҴ½Ե
ʱѪҴ½룬һɸɽɽ屻˴мпϰ벿ɽȫƽγһ޴ƽ̨
ƽ̨֮ϣƼ塢ʥǿߡ
УͰ벽
ԼĹ涨ЩǲڻԹֵģǻֻΪｫһĿľս
ս˫塢ʥһǰʮľš
սһ
һʥһһ
ڶʥһһζгգ
ͺΣǵ᪵ʦʦãƽʱˣһ֡
ʥڣȻʥռƣҲӮ˲٣Ǹʤ˭Ҳ˭
ῡܣѪգˡ
ԽԽңԽԽɱۣôһʥ嶥ŵľͲɱˣ
öŵǿ֤ǿ


1410 Ѫ֮ս
ѪҴ½սΪѪɽϹսﲻֹ˶ߡ
ѪɽĶɽ֮ϣʱˡ
ˣῡеٮٮߣҪôԺյĳҪô㹻ʵõ˽˵ĹѫǸûʸսϾѪɽĳ޵ĺܡ
ڻѪɽ֮У洦ɼʥصῡܣҲʼ
Щʮ꣬ʮ꣬ΪȴձͻڣһģѾͻеٮٮߣȻ˵ӵʥһսʱУѾǶĶ⣬ѷ֡
гˣ
гգ
תͷȥ֮һɫ鲼ɮ۵Ĺͷ̤꣬񵭣ֳַ飬֪ҪһޱȵĴսҲܴ̩֮Ȼ
гɽԲϲִû뵽ҲҪμľ
ɽɮӣ־ǶȻμӵģʵ漰ҫķʥߵħħͻʱ򣬷̴ӲЭģοⳡʥģӦĵûˣ
ѪҴ½ľʥһĺη
׷᪣ڻԹսķ֮󣬱Ҫս
ΪοԼս컯ʥӣԼս컯ʥӼֱǶ컯ʥӵ衣
ǺΪڻԹ磬Ժηս֮Ȼ޷ӦսǺ˵ˣ
Ϊ˲ʧϣгգֻܽսˡ
г֮󣬽һ米ĺ꣬
겻ͬһϻеıһ㣬âԣһγȴ˲ʱȡ
˵ǰȥ·
֪ʲôطֻ˵һҪҪʵҲҪˣĻˡ
øǿˣеţ⣬䣬ȥ·Ҳ˼˵ȥһΡ
ţ֪·ʲôط̫ܵأΪָԭγɣǵʷе׷ݵϴεĴ١
ٺ٣ûѽΪεĸ꿸һؽǷһ̵Ļȣϵؽһ˶ߣĺܲɱ
ͷڹ꣬ﱻôҪ֪ʲôɫʥʦԼս
˵䣬ֻһϵؽ˦縫ͷĽصնڻѪɽɽʯ֮ǰһʮɳĿӣ·Ľ£ԼӲƵĻѪɽ綹һ
ս㣬㹻ˡ˫Ŀ֮Уͫ˸âĿһ㡣
гֻĬĬĳֽеĳų߳޻ȻľƮƮģ׵ؽγԱȡ
浱ԼǸˣһǰʮѣŵʥ壬ǰʮŲϣҾ֪֮Ĳ࣬˭
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Цһ֣ȴһŮΣװˣʡʱ䣬һϰɣ
Ůӣɫ£ΪʥһȻȺһʵǵʵ޼
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ʱ򣬺ܶʥʵѵῡܵĻս
ҲУκٺһЦں˵
гպһۣҲĬսʽȻ˵δϹЧǿгյֻ֮óڹ
ϣսͲһһڶôˡ
սĲԶһʥţӰģΧ֮Уµߣ
۷ˣҲֻǿܵĴڡ
ǵ᪡
Ⱥг֣ĸ߰һЩµ߸ûʸ񿴵ͺñٻڷǰһ㡣
һǲκ棬սĻóܹӳʮֵʵ
ţǷһζĻȣΪһľڸˡ
ʱսϣսѾʼˣ
гյı󣬳һӰסΧԲɵĿռ䣬˫Ѿ״֮ͫУͺαȫ
ҰУΧѾȼɫĻ棬󣬸һֻɫڡ
壿ԣʥĻѪ
һ̣ϸܵϢҲ˷ڵѪ
Ŷͫ˼ҵѪܿҵĸױĺڰڣʥҲ壬ұʢö࣡ˣӴĻ£ҪʥҲſܳһε漣
𽾰˵ʥѪŵ㣬Ȼ߰
˵䣬һ죬˺ѿ¶ıߣֻǰһСף͹˵ģƬļ¶棬Ŀҫۡ
ʱѪ䶯ֻ۵һ죬һ˫չһɶ೤ĺɫչ

ƵĺڻȼգǺڰںһ⾳
ʥô÷ս̵Ԫͼʵ۶Է⣬ԶԶࡣ
ǰȴ˫طȻԭ
ӵƿطЩط򣬶ģǵĹ֮С
Ҳˣһ֮о˺ڰͻķģʥĽϣĽϲ
ȻԴˣȴм˵ڰʲôû˵Ϊ޺ᣬڿҲˣһϡҲ漣
ЦʶСħɵѪѪʲôСħɵһ궼ûУ

ŭзһԽķһڵĳУӰɶϳһĲӰ
һɲǣҲˣֳؽ֮ļٺαǾԵɽһƴ
һ£ɽ
ͺεֹгɫءֳֳ黭£ĩ˻ձ½ɫĹ켣ɫ켣һַͼͼֽ֮ɫȦȦ֮УѪħ󣬹ū࣬ӰԢֻء
ֻ̣֮
гմһ޴̷ֻ֮俪
֮гգѾʮһ֣ǵĳʩչȥȴӳȣͬΡΡɽ޿ɺ


1411 
¡
һصгյֻ֮ϣֻǵľ죬ֻ֮̾ҵ澹Ȼγ˽ɫơ
ÿֲ
ڰ֮ƣ
һ̣˫ӳĺڰڣֱɫĻ滯˺ƺƺ

ڣһ̷ֻ̣֮·ڻˣгնͷߺɫ԰ףһôܿס˵Ĺ
գ
һֱ̣ӿͫĵڶ״̬ǰʵֻܶʱ֧գڣѾܹʹá
գųƿһз⾳ͫǰճɿգ
ռ֮ʱ֮
˫һսȫΧռ֮УӿĿռ֮ʱ֮۶Ӱһ˲ֳʮ
ʮؿռ侵
ʮһɫâջһɣ̶ֱ
꣡
Ϻɫ𺣣һֿĽâֱüġ
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ʧɫû뵽Ĺ˿ֲ
ʮÿһʮ֮һʮһȴǼ򵥵ô򵥣ҲʹãһƽʱǿһҪǿ
䣡
һ죬屻һñ˳ȥڿзһУæк˳򣬵ֵâ
꣡
ŰƬƬëлⶼë
һ˫ȾѪףҲѣ

صͬʱĺˣһͫĺڰ򣬶ʮһޱȣ
һ
û°ɣ
øݵĸ첲ס
Ƿһ˿⣬˲ǵѪ˿û£
ۿһĻռϷ磬ڳڱ˳ˮһĻ

ܶ˶Ϊź뵱꣬ڵһʱֻΪڲμջʱ򣬸ոտͫãʵûȫɳ
Ǳ޴֮·Ѿɳһأ
ˣ
ǰʥֻһѣ
ʤʤ
߶ʮּʱڲԶĵᪿ龰ȴһ̵ĻȣһȺΪҪӮˣ޴壬û塣̨ϵһǿһ㣬Ҳֻ鷳һˡ
ʵͲⳡսĽͺθ㲻ʥĶţţʥһǰ
ͺΣοǼ䣡
᪵Ŀ⣬гյϣʱгգɫ԰ףס˫֣΢Ĳš
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ûгʩչֻ֮һ˵˵ĹҪƿͺεս󣬻𣬸ǲܵ飡
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гѾ˲ĴˣղŵսһΡ
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ް
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гˣ
ڳῡܶͬеٮٮߣȻӵлղŶݵĻǲŷ֣гյֹۣ
⣡
һղŻڻῡ̰
ս֮УѵģֻһȴһжȻܴ
ῡһɫϾгհˣսô
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Ԫгռٵ˵һΣгվԿס
ܣҵĹͲƷôǱȻǶԹʱܾˣǾԻңΪԷһʥ壬һʥĻѪһǿ󣬷
гշǳ侲ܿսƣԹɱ
ҸֵһЩѹֵ
أ㲻óأýƣЧ֪ҴŻٳһιûһʤ
г˵һ飬гճ¡
־Ȼ塢ʥڳδزȫ֣һҲǺԸ
ģгշ·𿴳ڼɵʲôңǣȥǾ̫ɵˣΪǧ٣ΪҵķҲ
ãһҧսе
ʱ򣬺Ҳվһһһгպ
ǲȻܻңϧûһˣȥ
һ̣ε巢һı죬ǵԭ֫زļҲͣʼ׵쿪γ˼ĹǴ̣ĩ˸Ǵһִβ͡
ֱۣҲֱ䳤צģȱøΪ׳һ̤Ͳʯ
ǡܶ߾ˡ
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սУʥῡܽ˵
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ȻҲǶǼġͬѪıͬĲͬʱҲһ
¡
֫ŵأҧž޽ͬһͷ׳ı壬ƾշŴ𣬾վıϡ
ֳֳ˫չܺȼա
һŮӣһҰ޵ϣĳгգ֮ʯȫȵñѿѪɽ·𶯡
ɫһ䣬ƣʵֲ̫ˣ
гգ㡭
û˵꣬гѾһ̤ǰ׵Ժκĳ
ֻ򣬰˲
ֻ¡һ죬һ޴İ˲ͨϢÿһ㶼һ
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гɫȻ̹ȻԺκȫһ
гη˺ϻһ̣ڷ·ʲôˣһսѾгʥŵս
ʥĽǳʱڣʥ彺ŵսκһʿʤޱȱ
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Ѫ֮
ȫ˫ĿһƬѪ죬Ȼͫĵ̬Ѫ֮
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ͣ
˫ĿȾѪΪ޴Ĺ룬۽ǵѪܲϵ鿪ҧأֳһΪʮ
ʮؿռ侵
óѪ֮ͬʱʩչʮؿռ侰Ѿƴȫһ
վ𣡡
ʮһĿĽ⽻֯һֱ


1412 
꣡
Ŀռ䣬˺ˣһ֮УעȫѾﵽ˼£
ʱ򣬺κѾ߸ԾܺڻҰ޵ĺںΪһγһźɫǣ
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վ
ܱƽ޵ɲǣгղھˣӲתվǿ֧š
Ұܣ
һۿѪ̶ɫĻ𺣣пһֱ飬뽫κһն
һ̣ȻһںαϵĹǴ̷̶ֱͬϣ
ꡱ
Ǵ뽣âײǴ̣ȫ飬˽â͵к
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ˣļǶնˣһӲʵ͹סĽ棬˱һֱӽ롣
ıɫ԰׵ҲӷվȫѾ飬ú׻ûһµ״ϣһ߳ɵǺγܣֻǳĳɵĹˣҲˣʵĹ̫Ӳֻ˵εѾﵽ˱̬ĳ̶ȡ
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˭뵽һСУ̺˿ֲı
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ιЦų˵ҪɽǵʸûУ˼ô
Щ죬ʥѾڻѪɽЯĶۡʥ߾ۼл죬ڳ⣬ںȾƣһ칦ĳ档
ΡΪӢۣյ룬һʱ䣬ʥʿﵽ˼¡
û֪ںѪҴ½ĵգһ۵ķйƿգѪҴ½
Щ죬ǰѪҴ½˲֪٣ʹûκ˵ע⡣
ѪҴ½ˣ֪ս
ţǺܿͷ֣սĵط̫ˣѪҴ½ǿߣһطʢѪǿԪһγһεľ޴Ȫֱ
ˡ΢΢һЦûϵϡ
ħռ䣬ĽܷѩͷţѪҴ½ԶڻԹҺûԪ칬ٶȹ죬͸ϵˣھ͹ȥ


1413 
ɻѪɽѾһƬǽ塣
ڻѪɽɽ֮£ҲһЩɢɢסЩһսῡܵϢѾ÷з
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ȫܣ֤Զʥ壬ⳡҲùˣ
ڻԹ磬ϵٽߴ˷ʥͬҲˣʥԽԽ࣬ǶֵģڻѪɽϿ緢ӣ˷ܣϵķ
Ѿˡ
ڻѪɽɽţһƬյϣ߰˸߾ۼһžơ
ǻͷ˶ſڽͱγ֣ûܹսʤΣô飬ܸ֪˰ɣٲʿĻȵס
ҲûãӮ˺Σʥ廹иǿģ᪣ϵ᪵Ļ
˵˵û˵ȥгգʥĺζûܴӮôڶʥһ᪣Ӯϣã
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ţûע⵽߲ԶһֱһŶҵĺ꣬˫۱أһǹһƿһϣ·ΧΪһ壬˸о
꣬ǸѪҴ½õ
û뵽ֻǼʱ䣬ô飬гҲô
վԶĻѪɽȥ
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˵ʲô׳ŭĿӣ֮һҲɱûָսʤΣֻںһǺţһԡ
ȥζߵһŮ˵
Щ죬ʥҲƼῡܣŮҲǵʥһʮŵʵͬСɣϵμһܾĻţҲй֮޲еϲˮƽ
ŮһԾ𣬲׳˵һԲ䵶ֱȡԷĲӡ
ʥߣܶﵽ£ǰĺŮȴ෴ޱȣ쳤Σͬһ㡣
׳ûĶ֣ʱæң֮ˣʵս̫Զһϲˣһ߸ոռһ
̫βҲͰˣѵǰʮţҲ𣿡ǷһȣȫȻһô
Ϊࡣ
̨޼ǿһܴӮΣһֱӾͱεĸˡ
֪Ǳսϳˣû
ŮҲ⺰ûִָ򣬿û뵽׳걻̧֪ȥ֮󣬻һ̨ˡ
һ£һ˳ǹݱֱ·˾һǹһ㣬һַ˵ĸо
ŮһЦģȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
Ůֳ䵶һն
նһͬʱԶȴ΢΢ü֪ΪΣǰĺӣһּΣյĸо
ǡ
δСΣյĴг󣬿ԱҰޣҲҰһֱǰĺֻվûʲôرģǺȴܴϸܵһɿֲϢ

ҪѣʱǺ궯ˣӰ쵽˼£ֳһ˺ɫǹӰȻ
ǹ֮ϣ׻֮֯ҫ۵⣡
һǹ̳ݣХĿǹâһ϶ɫŷɳ
䣡
ֻһ죬ĿĹâε۾һҽУԪ飬Ȼ³һѪ嵹ɳԶ
Ӱһ˲֮Уһֽס˺Ůӣ͵תͷ̨ϵ꣬Ŀ䡣
ͻı仯úܶ˶ûӦ廹ʥߣ˭ûϵʽͻȻתˮƽĺŮӣȻ˲䱻ܣ಻һ㡣
һģֻһǰ
Ҳ˵̨һǰǹô˵Ѿ֮ˣ

ͫһȻʶݡ
㲻ô
ժ¶΢΢һЦ˽ʱıչأһγ֣ȫѹڣйĸо

ڳ֮УҲ˼ò֮ǵ˲伤
ʥĺλгգ֮ˣҲֻˡ
ʵڽ̫ã˺޲óȥҧһڣվҪսΣ忡ܲ
ߵǱȷǿٱǿԳľ޴ʹ࣬Գļį͹¶ԳؾάҫϷ棬ȴԶûеļǿ
ôѹţ̫ˡ
ῡĿе񻰣ܶѾ֪һ½ߣһݸߣߵһ漣е漣
ʥ壬վҪôսᣬҪôɾ͸񻰣
һֿܣûס
ܶ˶ΪԺӦⲻ󣬱Ͼһĵڶʥĵ嶼Ӯ˥ˣһսӮҲҪӮ
Ǻ֮󣬽˭أǵ᪣ôӮô
뵽ǸԴѪ֮սʼ󣬾ʹδڹ·᪣忡ֿܶ־Уضǿ˵ѹʵ̫ˡ
̤֮վǰ
Ϸһ˿Ц⡣
㻹ߣ¸ң⼸죬кüˣ֪Ƕ̨֣Ű
˼ΪԼŰңתǹ⣬ָΡ
٣Ű㵹ڣŰˣսĸҾңҲһܴѲƤһս¹˭ֻδأ
˵䣬ȫⱬ죬ƿʼϵߣĹǴ̣һִβҲ˳
žž
βһ˦ܼӲĻѪҾͱ˷ĩ
ξҲҴ⣬һʼó˱
˽ʥһЩ飬֪ӵбʵսмǵһΡ
һ㣬еңеٶȣǿ˵ҲϰҾʶһ£ɣ


1414 
ۿսϵμչɱʥ߶ʼź
ΣС˺飡
ɵ
ΪʥغĵǰĴڣߡ
Ƕֻʮ⾳ĩһ֪Ĳ࣡
ʮ⾳Ϊ࣬ÿ඼ʮһ֡
ʮһ塢ʥĸͬһЩ࣬ʺ塢
ںοֻʥ
һ񱼶ǿ󣬵ԼͬоԵţҪһսս޵֣һͻʥӢۣõʹͣս۵ģҲĳɳ档
ڵĺΣ۾һ˿Ŀ⣬ֳַѪǹȫŶݼ뿪
ֻһ죬ֲ˴ϱµʯһѿ
ѾǵżڼڻԪ칬У֮壬ֱԳǳĺ֮ԼĹ⣬ܳԳܵʹࡣ
ԪڻԪ֮ڣ˴ĺ֮Ǻ֮Σĺ֮
ǿȣѾﵽ˲ĵز
ûʹԪҲûж÷򣬾ֱƾƾԪӭ˿֮еĺΣ
Ŷݼסˣ
һȫעڷѪǹϣѾӽʮڽļ԰˵ַʩչϣϯأ
ţҪζԾ
Ͼó˫Ҳ⣬óǾԪϵ
߷ʥȴЦǵſײɡ

ηһ֮ϣǴȫǰͬꪣҲԪļӳ֮ȫ
һ˲̳һǹǹںΪһμײ
꣡
µľ죬ʯɷĩ嵹ɳȥεӰҲȻһ֮ǰԪѿǿʣǹâನȫûˡ
һɼʮԶȻҲûˣһغϵǺռơ
ȻֽȴܽܣûԪ
СӣôôľԪϵִﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
ΣСӳƬΧʥ巢źһɣƴ
ˣ
εٴγ˫צ֮ϣ·ȼգһצӳնﵽʲô̶ȡ
·ѪǹۿźֱոòԵ˹ΣûռϷҲ֮УרߣɱԼܣôôˡ
ǰŶݼô򵥣
ɣ֮
˫Ŀ֮оâһһƺ֮ɳ˫ۺͷѪǹϡ
ĺ֮ǳһƺ֮ӳ֣ӶķѪǹͬڻӶһǧɽ
ڼ˫ǾͿܲܳһǹ
ٴοŶݼףѪǹɨһѪɽ
ȻһȭķѪǹײһ
꣡
ޱȵıεȻһĻԪȻڷѪǹ֮£ͬһ鿪
ʲô
δʧɫʮԼĻԪӲʲô̶ȣȻô赭дһǹˣ
ʱǵڶǹ
ɫһ䣬Ҫ㿪Ǿʱһɲçۻ˷ԲɵգεĶһ˲ٻ
ɿռ䣡
ã
ΪٶȣɿռȫסˣҧأȫԪԱϵĹǴ̣ӲĹ
Цһ˫Ȼ£Ѫǹʵʵ˺εıϣһֱӴ˺αǴ̣ѪǹƲֱֹҵúα飬ƤѪֱɣ
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¡
һ죬α˵棬ʯͬʯصĳ
Σ
תٶȳ˵Ԥϣʥ߾ʱʯȻſδʯ˳ʥߵķޱȿֲشҲӲĿ
ʱĺΣȫѪ⿪ѣȻ̧ͷգȴˡ
ûüӦֻоһɿֲޱȵѹԼıϡ
ǧɽºҲܲס
Һһ֫һս
㡭
˫ĿѪ죬ʱ˺εıϣ˱ĺΣͬͻС棬ͬһͷ
Ժ˵һ裬Ϊʥ壬εȸ߰һԼ
ηһŭֱԾҪ˦ʱǼһ֮Ѫǹ֮УصĶ£

Ѫǹǹ˽ʵʵĵںεıϣαѪⱬ飬µһΣȻһѪ˫ϥ˫һֱӹ˵ϡ
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⡭ô£
ںεıϣƾµӲѹúվ˵Ҫ˦
ͻȻתֻڸտʼһս΢Ϸ磬ʹĽ˷ɼʮɣ֮ѹźδ
ֳַѪǹںαϣǺɿռķεֱӱѹص׻ӲվڴڵѪӿȾһƬ
һվԼϣһǹѹԼֱ裬ܳܣƴƾŬҲ޼¡

δûиеôһֱԼΪָоڵϣ˼һָڶͷôŬվһ
ʥߣɵˣǸķѪǹ֮кΪʲôѹúվ
ͬҲⲻΪӴٿʼʥ֣һֱʧܣʧܣ
Ψһֳǿһ¼Ҫɽ̸УһڻؾʥͣսԼͬʱԽһ󾳽磬컯ʥӶ°֮ԼȻ£˵е˵ģԼ
ЩѾܹʥĳѹеҪһʤʿᶨģ

ѹԶվ
źйеѹ֡
ʱһĮͻȻ
Ϊֹ
ͬԱľԨʹԭֵսʱ
ڳῡܶһͣܵһɺ⡣
һѪǹתͷеһ
ռһŤһݵİ껺֣òӢƣϸ۾ȫ͸¶һɵа


1415 ս
ĳ֣ʱڳ˵Ŀ⡣
ʥ߿֮󣬶
᪣
ǵӣ
ʥһȼɭϣλܵ޳壬ʥгĵλ
οƺţ컯ʥԷµģȻǷ
һУ᪵ĵλҲֻǽ컯ʥӶѣΪʥеĶţҲмĿܣΪ
Ǹʱ᪾㲻ʥʥʣҲǻʣλ컯ʥʲ١
᪣
ߣǵһμ᪡
Ҳˡ
᪣Цڿˣôļӣ
Ƿһ̵Ļȣ㻹һҺҪ㣬㲻һɽչأڲſ
˵䣬սվǰʮɴңң
ʱķѪǹȻںεϣεĺѾѪģѹüѣȫλ
ָǿʥ˵ѹϣҪָҲΪѣҪʱʹҩ
᪡ʦ֡
μѵĿڣѪĭ
һĻʥ߶еεʵǷǳһ԰һɽѴɽͶ֮Уƽ
ڣֻóǹһ㣬ξȻ޵ֿ֮Ӿʵ̫ˡ
ôģ
ȷʵǸµ֮ǰ忴̫ˡ
ʥ߳羴ǿߣµҲ⣬ǿӮЩ˵ľηʣɱʥῡܵȺ֮УǾ绢ȺɱɻԼˣǻʲôʸ᣿
ѹסεһĻȴƺΪ⣬ŷѪǹһͻȻ˵벻㾹Ȼ˺֮
һĵƣһ𣬺ޱȣܶĽǿ߶ϵúɿռͺ֮Ͼ֮γ֮ݱ䣬֮Ѿݻǳʧˡ
ԪҲǻԵɺϣ˺
ǰĵ᪰ע⣬˵ʵǶԷļʶҪСӦԡ
ƺ˼᪺ٺһЦʶ֮ôѵ㲻֪ʮǰһʹú֣֮ĺܶ౦һֺ֮Ѿõˣ
Ц˵Уȴ̶ޱȣɫԪĶʦʥ֣֮𣬲ܲʱ򣬽ҫԵ˵Ǵۡ
ķŭҲеķѪǹԾļӴǹ˲ϵ³ֻǡĹѹڷѪǹ·ĺδѪ岻ͣսڵѾҽеûˣĹ֪˶٣༸ѹࡣ
üͷһ壬Īǲ֪ⳡѪ֮սս֮ǰɽĸ߲͸ʥԼˣֻǱȶǵǹۣ򲻿ɹɱˣ
˵ʵɽɳгասѾ϶ǵʤʲǺܴȻϣԲʥԼ
΢΢Ĭƿ˷Ѫǹ޴ѹȻʧͻı仯úһ۵³һѪʣ
ڲԶʥ̫ˣͷʥĺΣȻӲѹȫϡãˡ
ߣһһУ˹֮С
ûȥ׷ƿѪǹʱúϼ˵С£Цܽδӣ㵹Ǳԭǿһ㣬ٺ٣ɽ̸ֳս컯ʥĦʦ֣޴ң֧ͬƴľӣŵǹܽսֳһͯСĵޣһӵĽҪһ֮սʤԷһ㣬̸л᳡⣬ΪĦʦֻ㣿ֻᵱֻϰˣ
ɫĮʵĿֻˣ
㻹ǼűҲȣȻʵҪһЩҲʸҵĶְˣΪһ޵ˣովսȻҿĲ󣬲һǲΪԼʧκνڣҸʱ״̬֮ڴһս
˫ֱأ˵һı飬ƺĴսûϡ
һװƣ
Ϊ˭
һ߿ȥˣǲòϣ᪵ʵɲ⣬Ϊֹû֪ʵǸ֪᪵ʽʲô
һڶսʥһһսܸоЩ飬⼸֣ͷ·ѹϵĴɽһ㣬˴ܶΪͣǿĶ֣һнδ֪
ھսԶһµһɮ۵гգҲڿս롣겻Ȼֳɳһ󲽣񻰣ҪȥˡгĬĬ˵ֳַ飬һţսȭͷû֪ʲô
ֳַѪǹ᪣Цһǹ⻺תǰֱָüġ
̫ãղŵսֻˣһսھͿʼɡ
ĻͬţղսսŮӸʲôǶսΣǼңαˣҲǷ֮ȴֻǳս˵
𡭡°ЦˣЦԽԽа¶һż絶һݣȻȲҪܣҾͳȫ㡣
ϣ
һԽĳֽ᪴гһں޹ĳǹ
᪵Ҳǹ
ǹ˼
᪣սڣܸо᪲һƵĶ֣Ȼţȷʵʵɲ⣡
Ҫսʤ컯ʥӣʹսʤ㿪ʼɣ
ХһƬĻѪɽϣ᪳裬ԡ
ĿϬ磬ָڱֳǹںڵľų߳ǹȥǹбָ棬â˸ΰֱģվͬһòɡ
һϵ£ΨҶģ
ƣвԾһУֻվǰܸܵѹ
δߵϢ
Ϣջ۵λƺͲսʤͬŵǿţټʵۺ֣
᪣һ˽ܣ
δٵ̨ϣȻһϯ֮أܿܳΪ֮һ
һֱ᪣޲ҧһڵῡܣʱҲò᪵Ŀ¡
ˣעǱԨ֮մ٣Ʊãһɳ졣
᪣ɫȻץסѪǹǹβֱǹѪǹǹ⣬ͬһ㣬һҲ
˼
Ц˵ʱкâʯȻըѣˡ
ſҵ᪳ˣ
ٶȣ쵽޷ĳ̶ȣںڵĳǹɫһ֮ǣֱʺ
׵һ˸ûκ׼쵽£۷ǿߣҲһǹ˲ܣ޵ֿ֮
һ̣Ҳˣĸ֪ʼϣȫԪӾֹ뱬һ˲䣬׼
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¡
·ը죬ʯ׷飬󱻿͵գز䣬ԭİգ·ƾһա
׼ûоս̫һߣںǰػ磬ȻˣЩػҲŰþ·Ҫһ㡣

׻֮ը˼ϢʱŻûг˴ʯķĩǱ飬ͬϸɳһ㣬ڱգѪɽսɵһƬ
£
⾹ȻڸʥߵĶԾ޷ʥ֣Ҳ˰ɣ
᪺Ǵٴеţ塢ʥ֮У겻һǵʵԳƶϣ
֪¹˭֣
߱ûףڿ磬жȼһϣܹһڶĳɼսʤʥһھôüǱʥѹţ˭֪ȻǵڶʵҲ޼˵˭ǿ˭
ˣῡȫˣ
ɽҵ̽㵹ЩʸҵĶ֣˵䣬Ŀ⾫â˸
Χö̶֮ȵĹֻ̽Ҫ̫ˡ
һ̤ǰ֮ϣͬлȼգⲻĻ棬Ԫ̫ǿʢѾʵʻĳ̶ȣԲԻ
ɡʮɡʮɡ
᪾ôһԽԽʥ壬óսԪóԶЩսԹߣ֪һĳʶǾǲҪʥͬʵ£߳ɸҪ䣡
Сģ
룡
ܶڽźֻǿ߽һ
ŶеĪΪѾܴﵽȵĳ̶ȣ
˵䣬ѾֻʮɾˣԶ˵ӹʮɾ룬ǧ֮һգ۶ҪȫûоЧǵͬġ
ǣ
ȫǽڱ죬İŶݼѾ£ȫͬһ緢Ļɽ
˼ҾͿʲô
ͻȻһȫһĿ⣬ϿʼķģͷøһԺɭɭݣͬһ㡣ϥǴĹǴ̣ɫƬƤԻȫ
ǰʮɴ˱
ʥֻӵб
Ȼ˵ܱʥ嶼Ȳܱʥǿ󣬵Ǻʵǣʥļ֧壬ȫӵб
᪱˲䣬µʮ￪ߣֲܸܵѹοֻʮɾܵѹ֪һߣֱȫսʧȥսˣ
ܶʥˣĹڵأŵ᪶Ĥݣ࿴޷⣬Ƕʥ˵ȴǷԱܵķӦһһΪǿη
᪵ѪԭʥеĶѪǵĤݣ
᪣·Ѫǹɫ
еΪԪϵߣҵѹҾͿǿɵ
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ʩչģ̺˺֮ĺɿռ䣡
ĺɿռ䣬ˡħںϣͬʱںɿռ֮УҪ̺֮
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˿ϸĺ֮նƣ֯ɵĴǿȿ֪
ﲻ̶ֳȣܼһ˿ϸĺ֮ˣҲ᪵Ĺ˾޴谭
᪳ǹ˲䣬Ҳǹˣ
˸ǹâ쵽˼£ֻٶȣ
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Ѫǹ̳ͬʱΧʱȻֻһǹ쵽˼£
޵ٶɵʱշڱصõһ
Ȼڳǹ̵ĿڵһɲǣΧĺڰ֮УͬʱʱŤռԶһε߱Żʱ٣
ۣ
Ѫɽ᪺һһֻȴ˲˰ɿ⣡
һסؿڣѪָϸֳһĨ֮ɫ


1416 ᪵ʵ
᪾Ĳʱշ򣬶ǾȻܽɿռʩչ̶ֳȣڿʱûа벽ˣҸ̵߽Ĳĺɿռ䣬ɿռ䣬ѹķΧԽСԽ
Ҳ˵һʼͲ½սڵᪿʱ򣬾Ѿսԣֵ᪳һ˲䣬ط䲻⡣
Ȼڱصõһȴʧˡ
еľ㵣һҲ᪣ôҲû뵽ΪʥߣȻҲڷ⾳ϴﵽ˸ߵ衣
һ˲䣬᪾ȻʩչַʱշȻﲻĳ̶ȣҲȵ˵⾳أֻһѣһ࣬ؿڱѪǹˡ
᪷ޱȿ£ֻ΢ĴУܴࡣƿ᪼Ƥ⣬ȫǿŶݼ״ǿһЩƤ˶£
ˣ
ܶ˿ָѪʥߣеţ˵
ĿУ᪾ͬ޵еĴڣҲֻ컯ʥ˻ؼʮ꣬Ըһ£
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ȻǶóһǹֻƤˣòᣬ˵ûʲôӰ죬ϣӰսЩ˻ǸоԽܡ
Ϊ᪼һĴڣ
ߣһսȭͷûΪֻǽŵĿսҲղŵĽ֣ʲôҲ˵ˣսĽȫδ֪
ᪿԼȾѪ֣ͷȥָѪһĻԵø졣
벻㲻̳˻Ԫ²̶ֳȣҵ͹ˡ˵䣬ؿڵļ⻺䶯ոµǹϣѾۿɼٶϡ
ñ̬Ļָ
ָֻǿ
ĿһǵҪʧ˿ڣҲû뵽Ϊʥ壬ȻͨȻ򣬶˸ߵľ硣
᪴ЦʮԪϵʮһأġȥɡű䡯ֻеһְˣϣܹͬʥľԪϵֻܷ˫ޣҾͲܷ˫ˣ
廹ʥ壬ǶԵȵģʥƣԪƣҲζţȥɡű䡯ʮһؾԪǿһǾͿǾ˭ǿ󣡡
᪣ѡ˷˫ޣ˽ⷽ棬Լͬѡͬһ·
ȻǷ˫ޣǾޡ
ţ޵ĵ·Ȼѣȴͨ۷ıؾ֮·Ϊձ
䣡
͵ٴλײһư磬춯أ
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᪣չⲫÿһײǴݹ࣬汻˳ȥпγһ޴״ӡ
Ƭ̣ԭΡĻѪɽѾɳĮʯ촷ۣɳϯء
ȤȤ㻹ֵ˷ܵĶ֣ϧĺɿռ֮Уʱʱ֮ԪҲԲ߶ǳĺ֮Ҳļ㼼ֹڴ˵Ļ䶨ˣ
᪹Цǹ֮ϣһȼգ͵Ԫ
ž
᪹ǽڱ죬忪ʼθߣٰθߣһֱ߳һͷ
ԭ᪵ǸƬڣ˸ǹǼף
ӲĹǼףȫֱҲøӴ׳ָ鲼һŤţһͳЬӱȫƣ˫Ҳצһ㡣
ͷϣ򳤳ǣ·ħʱźһƿ֮һͬһľ޴˳˫չչﵽ˵ɳܹڱһ乬
᪾Ȼٶ˱Σ
α
Σ
ڳ߶ˣһαѾǳ̬ˣȻܱΡ
˿ֲƣ˵֣ʮܸܵһɿµѹ
צ֧ŵ棬վ˫һչΧĿɳϯ
壬ʥɫ֮һӵѪ츳ˣ̤֮󣬿ԱΣ龰ҲֻʮǰϹʥս֮Уǰﵽ
ڣȻԶҽҲǵȾ磬ڼʷϣԻ͵һʣ
˵䣬ںڳǹֽУһ˾޴ķսꪣ
ꪣһĳȣǾ޴ͷĳ߳޴кɭɭͬաһĴСꪸ˴ۣ˵ֶꪸƿŸֶħĸ¡
һ˾ꪣ᪵УȴСʡ
ɣꪶȻ죬˵ļӲ̶ȣꪵѹɽ룡ܴﵽǧڽ
Եڶα̬Ӷ˴ꪵ
Χ߿ȡ֮󣬶˵ˡ
ǶʥΪǵﵽʲô̶ȣ֪ڿ᪣ǲεʶ
£ֲ˹
ĵˣô
ᪿЦα֮Ը񶼷·ܵӰ죬øӿҰ
˵ҪڼʷϣԻ͵һʣڣһʴ㿪ʼɣ
˵䣬Ȼһչ˫֮ٶȿ쵽ͬһգ
ꡪꡪ
˫ȶ󣬵ϵķɳȫϯӲеķѹڵһ޴ӣ
ꪣֱ
Ŀһȫ
ɿռ䣡

çۻĺϢһ˿֮֮ϣȻЦһӲѹһ˿֮һ
Ǻãֻ̫˿ϸһ˿֮ҺΣ𣡡
ںɿռУꪵٶȸûм٣ֱͷ
һ̣ߵĿռֱӱѹѹݣͬһһ㣬棡
Ѿǿռ⾳Ӳǿѹգʱշ⣬Ҫ˲ƿҲܣ
ֻҪһ£´߶ȫҲԳܣһСģͻǣ
÷ѪǹȥҲ޷ס᪵ơ
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صǧ֮һɲǣһɫСǹü
Сǹֳɣһ˷ꪣһ᪵üģ
ۻµϢӱСǹɢͬںɵϢСǹı̻ս飡
ս̤̻꣬һ󲽣һξ޴ķԾ
Ҫ֪һסʮʱ䣡
ϰηıΣ̻ս飬ҲңԶľ롣ʥ۷ǿߣһϣ޷ͻƣ


1417 ̻ս
̻սһΪһٿ˷Уսߵ־־ǿ󣬱Կһǽԡ
ʱӲı̻ս飬Ʒսꪣ̻ս飬ͬһֻĴ֣Ϻ֮һŴꪵٶȡ
ڶս飬͵᪵ľ֮׶һ˽ȥ
Ȼһ𣬲Һһһ˲䣬̤ǰһѪǹֱȡ᪵ʺ
㣡
᪱ŭһŷѪǹӲһצ£
꣡
᪱ʵ̫̣צӲĽѪǹѹһ乭
׻֮
ͫһ˲䣬󣬸ֳһа֮Ӱµ׻֮˵̵ĺˮһй
¡
͵ıըֱ᪵ӱըѪģ
ʱ򣬱̻սͺ֮谭һ˲ķսҲ
̤գȻһһ̤ռŤ£ռתһ˲˰ɾ롣
ղ׻֮ıըѾԭĿռըˣһȻ޷
䣡
սأȻ񱩵𣬽еƲʶˣԭһƬǽĻѪɽ棬Ӳ᪵һ˼ʮ
ɵڶαȫֻ֣Ǳ㿪ˣ
㿪ˣش᪵֡
Ǳ̻ս飡
Ѿ˱̻սż
ʥ˵Ƕս黹ǺУ˵ȴ̵ھ̻ս塣
ºܶʥ۷ǿߣҲûһƽս鵽̻ս飬ʵ̫󣬶ھһ츳ʵ̫ˣ
ҲսϵѾ˱Σ
ţǳ칬ϰηǿӹɣôƾʲô
ǿǿû㣡

᪴һѷг˳ұȾѪα֮󣬱Ϊ㲻һʤҲܴӴʤĻû뵽ȻַֹĹˡ
ȫһȫˣһȭ޻ϵĸоǳܣŭ
Ƶ᪣ϣû壬ʥ츳Ʊǿ󣬵ȴҲ㣬ǿȴǵ꣬ս飬ǲ壡
һʥȱݡ
˵սֶ˵ôҲܴ˵СҲС
ôΪսںܶⳡϣãڼᶨ־깥档
˵СΪʵսУսЧԡ
Ϊս飬Ҳս飬սֵжҲս
˫սƷʱЧ΢΢
ʶܴ½ʱƵƵʹս飬ΪǸʱֻһս飬ܴ½ҲսģҲͭΣܴﵽͭԲģѾǴ˵еĴ˵ڰս飬ܴ½˵ȫδ֪ս鷽棬Ƕ˦ʮǧ
ʱսܴ½ߵĲࡣ
ǵսþСˣΪԵĶָǿսͬڣΣսƽɫ
ҪôսսҪô˴սӲЧ
ֱڣԵ᪣սֽ湦Ϊʥս飬ʵ̫
ս顭ٺ٣벻ս龹Ȼܴﵽ̶ֳȣʥ໥жԵ壬֮䲻֪˶ٳսս飬ʥ֪ܲ䲻Ĺȷʵҳ˿ֻҪطתԪվ֮ս鹥ҺΣ谭һҵжȴԾԵս
˵䣬ȫǽڱ졣һͦսꪣٴ
Ѿﵽ˲ĳ̶ȣɿռ䣬̻ս飬˫谭֮£Ӳ
ֲй纣Хڣɽ
ȫԪһĺֱ
ȫԪתа֮Ӱ׻֮Х
þ
¡
һײԱ̻ս飬ͬɿռӳһ᪵ĳ
׻֮֯ɳɫĺնûˣ
쳤ХȫⱩ𣬳裬һһꪵĻӳ͵˳ѣͷƤ顣
µµ
б̻սԼɿ˹
̫ˣԲܸ᪽ⲫᱻӲ˺Ƭ
Ҳ˫ޣһʵһߣ㲻УҲҪϢзನȫѪģˣ
޹Щûˣȷʵпʱ᪶ôˣ컯ʥָǿʲô̶ȣս컯ʥӣǶ°޵ɱɣ

µײһٺˣֻУڼײһǴĺɫһȴǳ϶ɫ
ײĽǵҲˣߵУͲˣһƤҰޣͳ־ӹɡ
ȻҲӲĸӲӲһǼʮУо춯أ
ԾģҪʥߣ
ǶĿɿڴԭʥսʥ׷ӣ岻ϵ룬ʥԶʥƲ࣬ΪǶǵСų塣
ڣӲӲ
ʥһҲڿſеļսһĿ˸ǿȵսȥ˵ȫסܵסҲŲ¶ʮҲ˵ʵʤͳ־Ҫǿ棬ɶʥĽڣһ೬Խˣ
ããҿ֧ŵʲôʱ򣡡
ȫѪȻԪڿģȴԽսԽ£

óʥ岫ʥߣ£ɳֿȭ
᪵ȻԶԶﲻ־磬Ҳ˼ϣɱȫ⡣
춴ӣ
嵹ɳȥ˫һɲǽӡǧΣɫĻ춴Ӵ縡ֳпٵתš
ʱ꣬΢ͻ춴˲١
ǷĴУҲӵеĶѧ
ǾԪϵĻڶҾþԵ׻𣡡
᪴ЦţϮɱ
ɫ㣬ȫתֳа֮ӰԲԪȫ궯ĺХţ춴֮һʣɹ⣬Уһʱ䡢ռУøݳ٣ӡڰ㣡


1418 ѹ
һɲǣؼһԪӻ۶γһŰǺڶ
þȫⰵǺڶ˵᪡
ұ㣡
˫ֽսꪸ߸߾ٹͷصһóʮֵȫԪת£ѪⱩֱϵŤ򾣬ѪܶΪѹըˣ
սꪣص£
¡
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һɲǣʮգ
գ᪵ļײ֮£Ȼͬһ
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ǶˣԶͬеľߣܼǰɽɳ񣬿ռ䱡û
Ƿʱ򣬻춴ײɵĿֲըӿ
µĳ׵壡
ȫܵ˾޴ķ˫Ѫ飬ڱѣ۹Ƕѿˣŷսꪵ˫֣ʧȥ֪
ʲô
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Ϊ춴ƿߣһ֮Ҳɣ춴Ȼɻ𣬵ǣ֮£Ҳܵ˲Ĵˡ
ըϯɣס궯Ѫ
˫ֲѪֱ£Ŀģòסսˡ
ôҲû뵽սȻ˲ҵĳ̶ȡ
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ɱ
᪴һ˵˫ۣٴ
һξ޴֮󣬺ͣЪϿʼһζײݣֻ¸ݣ
սʽڳ߶ǵ
ǣ
ϣͻȻðĹǴ̣
һǴ̣ѪճҺѪÿǴ̶߳ɭɭͬìһ
ⲻǱ᪵ĹֶΣεʱҲܲݱϵĹǴ̹ĳЩʥѪӵе
˫ˣʱڲܻӶսꪣԼΪӲײ
ײ
᪵ٶȿ쵽˼£ȫԪȼգͬһž޴ĺɫײ
һ̣Ϊղŵĳǿѹ궯ѪԪңȴҪ᪵ײ
ɿռѾˣڱ̻ս鵹ãǹñ̻ս飬ܵס᪣÷ѪǹȥɱΪ
ɾ룬˵ֻһţ
ڳߣǾ
ȴ侲ޱȣײ޴󣬵ȴҲԼվ
ǧһ֮ʣͫ磬ǰƾճһ޴ʯţ
ʯţɢ޲ԹŵϢ֮ϣصĵģ·һδ֪һ㡣
ǻԪ֮ţ
ĻԪ֮ţĻʯ̼ɣ¼˻Ԫķ˻ԪıѪȻԪ֮ŵãԲشô򵥣Ҳһ˵ķ
ܹõԪޱĹעԪ֮У
۵
᪸κηӦͬһͷŭıţصײڻԪ֮ϣײýʵʵ
ǰǴֱ̣ӱ飡
ۣ
Ȼ³ѪʮԶԪ֮һƬɺ죬֮⣬ʯûаˣֻ᪵ĳײ£ҵ˼¶ѡ
⡭
ս߶ˣսٽβ᪶Ѿǿ֮ĩʱ򣬾ȻһĻ
һײ˵ѩϼ˪
ΪԪ֮ŵĲٿߣӲ᪵ĳײֻǣ֮£Ѫ΢΢궯ѣܵѹǧٱ
㡭㡭
ȫѪģƤⷭĹǼѾ˽һ룬ϵĹǴ̸˸߰˰ˣЩǴΪ޴ĳѪ֮УŪþѣ
һ˵³һѪѪ֮УƬ
ڵ᪣Ҷ֣ݣ
ൽ̶ֳȣòˡ
ղŵһν֣ռˣҲ㷨ƣʵһ֣οھ߶Ԫ֮ȼıһξ룬ֻȷʱ̣ȷսѡˡ
һԪ֮ţ᪵Ĺش
ѾЩܲסˡ
ɣ
ʱٴοŶݼףƾţȼһ˿ѪȡǿˣԲԷκһ˿ϢĻᡣ
˫ץס˻Ԫ֮ţƾ޴ʯţ᪻
ûԪ֮
˵ǾͨԪϵóݷߣΪʥߣҲûмŰ˵Ĺ
Ԫ֮ţɴСϣɳɿһߺһ»̩ɽѹѹһУ
ɫ󾪣˾ʹ˫֣Էսӭ
Ժǽľ޴Ű壬ԭ޴ķսꪾԵСһ㡣

ֻһ죬ֱӱûԪ֮ҷˣ
Ȼ÷սǿֵѾѪģֱۣοס͵Ű幥
Ȼ̤ǰһֳֻԪ֮ţһ
䣡
ͬĲӬһ㣬һαҷɣڿпѪսꪶҷˣ
תռ䷨򣬽
һһңѪʥôǿ󣬾αѪô죬ҲܲסбѪȵĹ
ȫѹ
⡭⡭
ӡˣ
ʥ߶þˣʥһһˣӵѪ˲սʤ񻰵ĵ᪣Ȼձһᣡ
ʤ˾Ԫϵط򣬶ƾӲŰѪ飬Ѫ
ʥߣ޷ܣ
ȣ
һһ£ֻ¡һ죬᪱͵һֱҽ˵¡
ʯɽ̳𣬿һĻټսʥߣѻȸ


1419 ʤ

һѷ֮УʯѾԪ֮ҵòε᪴ӷ˳
ʱ᪣ȫǴѾϵ߰˰ˣ˫ۣؿڵĹǼ׶ˣֹǶ¶棬سնϣĴţ˵ϡ
ˣڲһͿ֪˶٣ࡢѪܣҲھ޴Ĵòˡ
ӱˣ
᪣ųʥͬ׵һˣҪ̤֮·ȴһࡣ
һսйսʥ߶еԵ𺳣Ҳʼδһ񻰱ƣһ񻰽
ǿӡޱȡ
ߣῡܣһսȭͷϱ鼫˷ܣѾ̲סҪˡ
Ӯˣ
һĵڶսʤʥһĵһ
ʱս룬ֳֻԪ֮ţ߸᪵ͷ
ͷͷɢͬһͷŭҰޣ˫Ŀ׹˸ɱⲻ
Цһ䣿Ҿʹķڷ
˵䣬帩ʥţδʮа˾ųΪԼ˵᪣Ȼʴ֮ģ䣬Ǿʹʲô֢òˣ
ʱһƾ𣬡ס֣
ݣ
һâ˸ͬһʸһ㣬ֱ
һæԻԪ֮ŷ⵲
ֻ¡һ죬͵ıըನϮûܵâĹһվǰһԪǽסâĹ

â飬˾Ԫ
ڻߵ󣬿Ļâһâûл֣߳ҲҪǾԻͷȫѪܵĴˡ
ллǰȡ
֪ߵ֣ԷڻѪɽսսܣΪǴﵽ˰벽𾳽硣
ް߰ڰ֣Į˵ῡܣҲҵȵְͨµߵӣˡ
۱֣ǰͨµӲ֪˶ٱΪʵҲԼ㣬ߣǱȴ֮еĸ߲㡣Ϊ츳˿ûнС˼ƽ۽֮С
ʱһģʥһһڶӻԻΣղŵԪģҪɱֻЩͷˡ
ڶӣɫһղ֣
һΣѾˣҪ֣Ҫȡɣ
ԣΪ͸ҲȻ߲򲻻̬ǿӲ
ƵĿĿеɱ⣬Ȼڸ̸߲֮󣬵塢ʥĸ߲㣬óֳ棬пܳʧأʱȻһѪȷ硣
ССͣ˺ݶʵǲӮ᪣Ҳ᪳˿ѣʲô£
ڶ˵ȻǻԪ֮ţʱ̼Ԫ᪵֮ĿײôʱͿ»ᱻײѪˡ
Ϊһ֮ʣѪȴ᪣Ҳʹһغϣⳡսת۵㡣
Цһ䣬ӮӮʥôôÿӮһǶţһǾͽܲˣ
ٺ٣㵹ǷѵˣøһС磬һʱ䣬ԾĹҲ⾰ˣ֮컯ʥһսȻ֮أ˵Ǹʱ򣡡
ڶЦЦһ˦֣һڹ⣬᪣֮СӰһֱʧˡ
һʱ䣬սֻʣĻߡ
еʥߣǸоʮִܣֱѹһͷĸо
֮ǰʥʤೡЩμսһҪ
Ϊһ۷ĶԾʥһǿʥˣʲôԭ򣬶֤ˣʥһ塣
ο֮лһޱȣʼûгֵıΣһĵһҲиʵ
սзɻʱ򣬵ȴģ򼤶ߣ
ǰһõڶսƽ֣ܶΪȴԶûôУ
Ͼһ䣬ֻڲսһʥս
һ˭ǿ˭Ľ
ڻҲкܶˣóԶĴ˷ܽһϢ˳ȥѾս̣¼ⳡսʼĩ
ϢȥעһһУɺ䶯Ӱ졣
ڵ壬ʵ̫һ׵׵ʤĺʿˣ
ֻǶ̶̵ʮʱ䣬սʤϢ㴫
Ϣس硢ʱģҪϹŷˡ
ǲͬţͬһţһԺ飬δͽӴꡪ꣬Ϊʦսʤʥĵһῡͬš
ʱ֮Уһһ齢֮Уһĸߴ֮꣬ϣһʺѪƣһƷƣһ߹ۿսݻսЩ᪵ս¼
ߴ꣬컯ʥӡһֱ΢Цſսķ˾Ʊ
ʥӵ£Ǹв컯ʥߣһСɫŮΪ컯ʥ˰뱭ƣϰŵľذףСƤףĳгԸеģ֮ǰɽ̸УŮӾһֱ컯ʥˡ
вٺ٣ǧʱ䣬Ļ᳤һϧûʱˡȱQɣⳡսСӵϷһȺͬû˻֮⣬ûʲô壡֪Ҫ򣬸ùעҾ͵Կˡ
컯ʥЦ˵Ů΢΢һ㵣ʥһеһŵĶԾϵ飬Ȼ컯ʥ˵СϷе˰ɣϾ᪣кܴĿܻɳΪ񣬶һսδزϵպķչܻʤԽĵĻۣкô
컯ʥӿŮӵ뷨ЦδǱޣϧʥսȲǳɳˣǲǣҲûȥᣬδҪģǣʥ˥ǣʥսڡʥڵСһӰ˵ģߣȥһˣ
壿Ů΢΢һĸ壿
Ůӡе֧һ֧壬һ֧ʥڵʥ塣
컯ʥ촽ЦȻ壬֪Ĺϵôõģٺ٣˵ĵˣѣôΪδʥʣҪעʥսʼĴƣСս컯ʥ˵ţָָϵսֶ̣ҿҲͰˣñֵþʧ룬ûʲôˣ𣿡
컯ʥӵһλߵƣŮһͣĵͷ˵ǣʥӵ£֪ˡ


1420 ӿ
ǧ磬硢С磬ЩСȻ󣬵ʵ̫࣬Щܱǧ绹Ҫ
Щ֮У壬Щܶ඼Ǵֵ࣬塢ħ塢ħ塢塢ȵȡ
еУǿһ֧ˡ
ԼĴ磬С磬ڶ࣬ڻҪٽ
ˣ;ϰ츳ѪӣѪ̷ģսһ֧µ
ʱ۹Уһ޴ĵһεʯ
ʮΧʯǰʯһͷλϣһΰӡ
һ壬ǳߵһͷɫͷüĿ㣬۾ʯ˿һ۾ͷ·˽ȥ޷ƿ
Σͬһһ㣬ɲĸо
ˣۣ
μһ䣬򣬲Ұܶӣ˵ӡ
ˣľߣ𣬶Ϊס
۵Ķ棬һˣһ꣬ԭҲĸߴ󣬵˵ȴԵͬһ㣬һֶֻһʴƣ˫ţһȻԵõ飬˿ûΪǰׯصĳϣκιı֡
꣬컯ʥˡ
壬Ϊ˺
գЩأڳ˲ܣ˶Σֻ컯ʥ˲ˣĳУζȣ˳ƷƵΪǼġ
ʥӵ¡
һֱ컯ʥӵŮѡ
컯ʥ΢΢һЦ޷ȻǺ棬ҵֻҵıֵĹʹӦĻҲ޷ôˣô꣬ǿʮҲ׵ġ
컯ʥЦţɻĽ⻰˵˳
ڻһˣ컯ʥӵЦ
ȷʵ͡
ͬһ֮УԴϵĳͻʷϣ廹չս
ǿ󲻼٣ĵͬսĻȻܹ壬ҲḶʹۣ𼸸Ҳʹһֱɵ
ּɵ£Ҳô
꣬廹ܺƽ
Щʷ۰ֲᣬֻǴֽóһö׸컯ʥӣ˵ʥӹĿһ°ɣ˵Ļһ
컯ʥһѽӹʶһɨ򣬺Ȼǳ֮֡
һԼ
ǣһֿ١
Լܵ˵Ḷ࣬սʤʥҲó壬һУεħΪϣᷴڡ
컯ʥӺ⣬΢΢һЦϣΣһζŮˡ
Σ쵼ʵǿǡζ·һһ㡣
ʥսչ֮ʣ컯ʥӻΣûк壬һɷǳɹ۵
˵²ȡЩ֧֣ҪǱʥ߷
屳ܵУذɣ
˵ʥ壬壬һ壬˭ͳ򣬶ûʲôΨһǣܸ档
Щ棬ȻҪħϡ
ĳ˵ⳡ٣һᡣ
Գûȡ棬ΪԼʱ

컯ʥӷеĺƣվʱ򣬲Ϊ˳׾ܾʥĺ
ôҪּۻۡ
ֻʥ߾ȡ档
컯ʥѾµԼʲô۶̴ӦǻԼٰ̫ЩύΣʱҲῪŵ
ĻʥͻһֹĲģսǣԽԽֲսս֮ǿ޴档
̣νþ
ʥӵ£ϺǸְô
̸У컯ʥӵӲ٣ǿһ̸еķҲΪ˱컯ʥӡ
Ͼڵ컯ʥӣǿߣܵûС
컯ʥǷһȣЦŴ̵ǴúãԸôȥûаôװױ塣
컯ʥӷ·гٴ˾Ʊ˵۱£֪Ǹһֱ޵У
ûԶĵˣҲûԶѣֻԶ档۵Ļش𣬵ˮ©
ǡ˵ĲֻԶ棬Ϊ֣һ컯ʥ˵ţһеľƱһ
Ϊеͷԡ
걭еľͣ컯ʥ촽˵۱£ǲżɽлֱ˵ˣǸ徺ѣԸҪˣǸ岻ͬΪǱǿҲѾµΪһЩԭ޷ȫ濪սʱ䲻̫ãʱΪǸľͻʥĶأ
Ȼź񣬵ʵֵǰǣӮӮأû³Σ
컯ʥ˵һ䣬΢΢ü컯ʥӵĻ㡣
ʧܵĻʥ嶨Ȼֱ壡巢չĻᡣ
۱£ˡֱԣ˵ЩˣһΪ߶ʵı˴ôʥһͳѾǱȻǩԼʱħԱ֤ҶȻ㹻ԴһƬڴʮĸ֮أ
±ˣʥҲ壬ʥദúǢʥ壬Ҫǿö࣬ʱԻͨޣںϳһȺ֤İʢ
컯ʥӣţ·˵ĲδĹ룬ѾΪʵ顣
һжȻ
ߵţȷʵŷ
˵컯ʥͻȻһת۱ʲôĵطᣬģΪȡΣ
һǴ֮ٸһܲǳ̸ֶͨΣ컯ʥȴʮȻ·쾭һ㣬޷ܾ
۳Ĭˣ컯ʥ˵ģòǡ
ʥ壬ҲжϵһӰأȷʵ̫ˣҪչҪ֧֡
۶ҡ컯ʥǷһ΢Ļȣֽȡȥۣȴ۵Ĵ𸴡
ճĬãʼδ˵ȴĬĬĴħʼΣ
칬һܱտռ֮Уһĸߴĺˣ۵Ĵ
ˣħʼ


1421 ն
ħʼϵǳ
ħʼսѣûǰһһؾʶʱգЩ棬໥֣Ż
һֱûжϵһ̽ѰؾһͬΪҲཻĪ档
Ͼԭͼ٣һѣܹһΪ𣬸ѵ֮
ħʼ۵һιϵ֪˲࣬Ҳ𼶵
ٺħʼĶӣȢĺڷʥŮ
ڷʥŮ۵ĺᣬȢڷʥŮҲٲ۵ãħʼһϵ
һȻ˭ûϵڷʥŮħʼĶӽϺ󣬾ȻһŮ
ŮȻСħˡ
ѵһѪע̤֮·ʹСħɵݣޱС
ǰ֮壬Ϊħʼһļ̳ˣҲΪʥŮѡ
һħʼĹϵѾǧ˿ơ
ħʼ𲢲Ǵֵ壬Ѫƫħ塣ħħ嶼ħķ֧ܴ½ʱҲˡ
ħ壬ĹϵǿǢʱҲᱬˡ
Ͼ漰棬顣
ħʼԭħۼĴ磬ħڶࡣ
ħ塢壬֮⣬δ٣˵Σա
ħʼͶʥ壬ܽͽıǩ
컯ʥӵ飬ħʼĬˡ
һõľ񣬽Ӱ쵽δҲӰ쵽ħʼһδ
ħʼһҰĵˣŮȻҪͶʥĻҪ˼ɺܶණ
ڰУħʼվֱ㲼һɫ硣
ĬĬУ̸
Ƭ֮󣬺ɫ类˺˴ӽнһʥһ컯ʥӣһȻˡ
ħʼ컯ʥ΢΢һЦˣѵõһ˵ħʼǰɣ˵һ֮ŮСħǰ֮壬ĸڷˣڿħʼǰĹϵԭû
˵Щûõģɣħʼ䵭컯ʥҲΪ⣬Ļ˵̸棬
Ҳֱӳ֣ҵĵޡ
ħʼżɽ˵Ȼħʼ壬ҲлԵĹϵ˺ûκ·ˡ
ʱʥʤȻܹȡĺôһʥʧܣħʼһٲ
ħʼѾ̬ȣԽʥĲԼݣǲȫܣĳ˵Ǳ̬ȡ
֮Уܶʱܱǵ
컯ʥ΢΢Ĭ֮ЦħʼǰӦǵĺˣ
ħʼûֱӻشĬˡ
컯ʥЦʵݷ֮ұʹȥݻħʼǰģû뵽ڸˣҲȥˣҵ˵ħʼǰСħһһš
컯ʥӸħʼ˸ñ
ħʼҡͷ˵ֻ˴һ䣬ֻ˵ġ
컯ʥЦħʼǰ̫ǫˣȴ֪СħʦõԶʮ䣬սʮıΡгգҲֻ΢СѣڸСħʦʱ䣬ʮμһ䣬ȻϳΡ
컯ʥӴֽȡǰӣžĴɿҡš
СħʦӵѪ˵򣬾˸ʥ壬Ҳѵһʡֻϧˡֱԣ壬Ϊٵԭ򣬴ʧ˲٣ֶΣȴǲʥ壬ǰΪΣ
컯ʥ˵䣬תۣüһȻԸĻòϣ컯ʥ˵ģ壬ȴǵ̫ǳʵ̫Զ
Ҳ²⣬СħʦãҪħʼɣǻЧʵȻ塢ʥ壬Ҳֻ˵ܻȷĴУʦָĻ֮ʵԲһ
컯ʥ˵䣬Ƴħʼħʼüͷһ壬컯ʥӻ˼ˣ˵ʲô
ħʼǰͬ⣬ҿԽСħʦɵʥ壬ϰУħʼǰżҿħԣԱ֤Сħʦ֮ƽһëҲ˶һָͷ
ˡ
ħʼһڻؾһۿ컯ʥӴʲô⡣
СħŪʥȥʩչֶΣСħɾΪС
ħԣҲ컯ʥӻôʱƣ֪컯ʥӻóʲôֶΣʱ˵֡
СħѪ⣬ܹСħɽΪޣӵĺôܴ
һ㣬˵СħɣǵϹŷ壬ŷѪ¶ῡܣܹõ¶Ԫ֮
¶ķѪֻǺֲġ
һѪǽ޺ڷ˵Сħ˵ʮǧ
ħʼȻ鷢
컯ʥһƷ㣬ֵиŮˣҲͰˡ
Ȼħʼ컯ʥһΪģмҰģСħܿǺСħɡ
ħʼǰƺƫѽ컯ʥЦţΪ⣬ʵҲλȥʥ죬ʥʣЩأλѾ۷壬ڳɾ֮·ʲôãȻ֮ʥ̵ġ
컯ʥӴһħʼ۶ȻĶ
ۣЩˡ̳֮
һ޴ż
Դӷ䣬ʮӿȴһ
Ϊ˳񣬺ܶþ˸ֶΣȴʧܣ֮󣬻Ϊޡ
ԽǿߣԽȥȻȴ˿סʡ
ܶ˻ɣЩĴ츳Уĳδ֪Ŀ͹ԭ谭
пΪʮĴ٣ʧȱؼһ
ǲ֪׳֮·ںη
컯ʥڴʱ׳һջ
̳֮ҲſڿӣλܹʥʥҲԸ⴫ڳ֮Ȼ㴫ǣҪɹҲǧѣ֮ʵԣ£ԿħԱ֤
컯ʥ˵ĵ̫ˣʥָ㣬Ҳʮ΢С
Ǿһϣȴ񼤶
ܶʱ˲ʧܣµᶼûУѾһ£ܸģ
һܷҲĺôӴ˷ٲʢ
ȷʵĶˡ
ħʼȴ˳ĬȻζŸĸ
׳֮·һ޷ܾ컯ʥҪǸĶ磬壬׶֣Ϊ˸ι̣컯ʥӻħʼӦСħɵ
ħʼһҰĵˣھ޴ջǰ񡭡


1422 ·
ν磬ããƺ֮䣬Ưڶɽɽ֮ϣ滨䣬ɽ֮䣬һ·ʯɵ¥Ưţ¥칬
ʱ칬һռ䣬ģﻨ㣬Ȫˮˣöˮ߳һشصĴƢ
ʱһµһµ룬ƾˮߵʵϣڸιʳ
зʳɲһʳɵģʥõˣϧȴι㣬ȻιҲͨ㣬ЩܻΣϰη򣬽ǳɳҲǲ˵š
Զվһ꣬
һս칬ϰη
һۣ£ְֵָḶ̌ǰһֱǱβеĴ
֮⣬ÿգζ칬ʦʵսĸս
ÿԵķʳ칬ʳΪٵԭõԴνˡ
Դܴ½칬žȥɽֻ칬
ɽֱȥ갷ɽȱ־
칬ǸסһƬռУʱָ㡣
壬Ѿ˶ɹ˴δٵĵ֮һȻǰȫս֮ǰɳʲôûá
ǰ뿪
ţοҪ뿪ľûκ⣬ֻû뵽ô죬뿪ȥĶԹս
ҡҡͷԹսȻɱѾʺˣûн֣ǿ߲ʥѣ࣬Ҷԣ𲻵Ч
ԹսǸһῡģʺ
ȥʵȥԹսĻطûʲôʺȥˣȻûгɳֻΪʵԲ
ѾʥʵʥʲôϹŷʮ֮һķĹҲʥѡ
ķӡˣ۷壬ͳͳĶ֡
ڵǷǧ½һһʵϣһƽƽ
ֻΪʱ칬ӴﲻǽԵһЩˡ
£Ҫȥؾ֮⣬Ҳʵȥ
ȥʥ죬ʥ򣡡
ʲôһνˣȻҪȥʥڵ棡
ȥʲô
ڵݣȥʥɷǳΣա
ġ̥ǾѾһ򣬲ԸıϢȥʥֻҪӴ𼶵Ҳᱻ
˵ġ̥Ǿǰ칬ϰ
ȥħʼ磬ȴΪı䲻ϢǱڤӵĸ֪׽ˡ
ȥʥ죬Ϊ˼ʶʥУʥУȷʵǿٱֹʮ⾳ԭͰҪߵ·ţȥʥ죬Եõ
˵ţλҡͷʥһжδ֪ʥĿռͨҲʥϸˣΪ˱ʥʥ죬Σգͨڵʱͻᱻ֣ҲͬȥҪȥʥĵطĻҿƼһȥ

·һһٵ˵һ
·
˵һ֮ȥ·
ǿǾǰȥʵ
Ӧû·ֻΧ·֮ҪǺסһǳر𡯵ĵطҧˡر֡
ﵽʲôط֮ȤԭΪ·Ӧؾ֮ĵطдħ֡а޵ȶЩ㹻ǿĻɱҲǾһˡ֮⣬·пҲһЩܷõͿԵˣΪ·ҲܱܿɱؾؾƵ
Ȼε˼·ܡر𡱡
Ҫ֪λǧ꣬ʲôûܱ˵һ䡰ر𡱣ǲ׵ġ
ε·Ҳȥһ˼ĵطȫԳɷһ磬Ҳʮ죬һ硣
˵ҲһĻôʥڹ飬һɲ䣬·ȴͬ·ǻ˼ġ
𻺻һ㵡
һ˼Ǹʲôӣ


1423 ֮
û뵽ȻҲȥ·ǰȥ·ôζʦǰҲȥ
һ߲˵ܵͨȴδ˵ΪǸӴ
·ΣգＸӵʮ壬ΪǱһ磬ɱ֮·ǳձ飬ޱȣЩδҪΣԴ
ţΣǡһܶʱ򣬽ؾΣղؾһͬؾѰˣؾһȫûйԼ֮УɱԽֱ쾭顣
ε·ܿԹΣգкܶ󲻵飬һЩԶ㾳ĵˣʱ츳ٸߣҲ޷սʤЩ·֮ǰǽ·֮ǰ
ĬȻͷΣȻܽԼȥû⣬·ĸǾҪϸˡ
ǰܷ֪·һ磿
˵˺ܶ࣬ȴûֱӵ·
һ˼һ˵·һȫյĶ磬ǧеСһ綼ҪСһ룬Ҳǳˣҵ꣬Ҳδ뵽·̽·;õһĴͷͨͷȥ磬ұȥ˻磬ΪʱΪҶиĻԵ£Ҳ֪
һ˵Ȼ֮ǰ֣ͨ̾Ϣǽôѣôȥһ˻ġ
ô˵·ͨʮκһط
·ߣֻзԼԭڵĽףףҲֻ˵·ĳ̶ԽԽѣܶˣһӶ·޷
Ҷ·ĸоǣͬһ鴴ľ޴Укܶ;õһ·е֮ģЩ·ģ̺еҪö࣬޷ȡ
ţסˣУֱʵǿȵ
ǣҲΪʮǰٴеʧҲΪˣڣܷӳЧԽԽСΪʵʵ̫ǿˣߵȼṩʵȴ޵úܡ
˵ÿһ֮ģ̺˾ޱȵķЩģɾʱõķƬһֱӡڵѪУУ磬Уǵò򣬶ֱǿһ
ǿǿȡԪǿȡȵȣΪѪеĻԹǿʽ
·֮һ֣ǷǳҪһ֡Ҫ÷ģͨý㹻Ĵ۽ʱΪһЩ˺żȻĻԵҲԻϡ֮ģȻһ򵥣ֱӵĻ֮ĵķʽǾӶᣬЩ֮ģֻҪɱԷ֮ܽľΪС
ҲΪԭ·ɱ¾ǳձ飬ǶɱԷ÷ĽһЩѶ൱֮ĳֵʱ򣬸һѪȷ硣
𻺻֮м𺳣оһȫ߸֪Ĺ
·Ϊʲôѵ˵һΪߵǰܴ
·Ϊʲôţ
ȥ·򣬾ǹɱ¾Ͼɱ֮ģҪȥ÷ķöࡣ
ǣлһ⣬ʵǰһ⣬Щֻ·е²ʹã߳·Ͳ˰ɣ
û֮ĵҲû˵˭ӵ֮ļ·֮ĳ·Ҳдãܻ¶һЩġ
εͷ·֮ıʧ
Ϊʲô·Щ˻֮ģȫ⡢ࡢжӡǣֻҪһ·ôһжǾˮ£ʧѵЩ˴һӶ뿪·
ʵúãȷʵкܶˣһӶ뿪·ˣ·Ѿ֪˶꣬ǰ꣬ǧ꣬ԶڶԶöࡣ
Уƺԭʹԭס񣬺оôʱ䣬½½ӿ·߲֪ж٣ֱ޷һЩˣ̫ţ·֮޷·ɼҵţô汲ԶЩ˵·ǵ磬ĵȻǱ
֮⣬߶ԣҲǼΪ˵·һĳЩҪĳ̶ȲͬõĳЩĽ
һֽǣֱӽ÷ȫ߲ںϵѪ֮У·Ҳܼ̳ӵУǽı
ţ£
΢΢һķ
ϸ룬ʥħ½Ѫɱԭϣĵ֮·ʮħҲƵ
Ϊ֮·ʮͨĻԪԷ˵ʵ̫ǿǿֱƶ򣬽Ϊߡ
ʮħ·֮ģʵƵĶ
˵·ҲһΪĻǽ·˺ʣҪȻԪǿ̫̫࣡
kߣkʲô磿񻰴˵еĴ


1424 
޾֮Уһɫ齢ٵĴ齢ͨ͸ľʯɣֻмʮɳɣǧɵ齢˵С磬ļֵȴԶЩӴ齢߳ٱٶҲȫ齢ܱȵġ
ӵеĻԪ칬Ҿʯ齢ٶҲĪ⵹˵Ԫ칬ֵ㣬ΪԪ칬ҪǷԵĶ齢ֻĸá
ǵˡ
ĮͻȻ𣬽յʱ䣬ʹҾʯ齢ᴩʮ磬һƬҵǰ
·ڣ
ǰɡͷȷе˵ܾǰڣݴΪʮǰĴ٣·Ѿٻʣµģżˣ¸ʹ·ƾΪȴܰǿпգ봫ͨС
⴫֮֮ͨбᱻֲΨһıţţ·ֱɹ뿪ŻʧҲΪ·ʶΨһʶ
֪ˣô˵ܽ·Ҳ˰˴š
⴫ţܴ˶࣬ҲǶʮ˰ɣȻԪʵɿ£곤ˣڰǧǰѾ
Ļ·Ĵͨȷʵ̫˵㣬ЩŶûжܹл·ɣ
šȷʵࡣͷ·δǻ£·Ҳкܴķա
⣬ְæ߽·֮⣬һֽ·ķ֮ǰкܶҵһöĻͨңͿƾֱӽ·ңҲǴ·뿪صıߡ
һԼɲֻѰһö뿪·ˡ
ˣھȥһ㣬Ҫ׷󳹵·Ѷȣʵ̫̫һ֣õһֽѾǳѵãһȫΪǰᣬɽڲûգģ
Ķͷ֪
šУ컯ʥӶµİԼս֪ǹԼʩѹѹҲδؾһܳɹ˵ĵǸʱȷսʤ컯ʥӣҲһѵİ취ƽħԣֻҪСĴ۰ˡ
赭д˵ͷһۣƽħԣ
ħԣרԼǩ䣬µĵطߵħκ˶ħߵΪԽߣħԽǿ
һῡܡʥ𣬶ܵħԵҲɵԼħ
ЩͼƽħԵģҲܵԼħķɣȴ˵һЩ취ƽ⣬ȴҪۣȴ֪ʲô
֪ǷħҲһЩϵҲˡ
ĳŵԣضˡϾ˿ţ֮ڣҪԽһ󾳽׷컯ʥӣҲ˵ˡ
ǰ˶ģ֮ʧġ
ҧҪѹȳԼǱѾû·
ţûаյ飬ԸҲˡ
˵ţ֣Ϊ۵Ķһֻһֺͽ׵ӳİɫ¶˳
ֻ֣޹ǣȴޱȿ£ֻһ㣬ձͬıһ㣬ֱӱˡ
ǣ
ͬһѸӣת˲ǵأ
һЩ
Į˵Ѹ齢֮С
ʮָһӡƬ˾޴Уվ飬ԪϯǰӲһ춴С
־Ͷ䣬÷Բվ飬ǿпٿռͨ𺳡
Ǿʵ
ˣѾ˿ռֱͨͨͨӽ·ռͨϣйƣֻһͨǿµ⻯ܣҵǿؼʱԱ֮á
ŶΥôһʵ
ôֻǻᱻѣܻЩˣ½뼴ɡ
ͷôǰ·ˡ
˵ţһһ磬˻춴У
ոս춴У͸ܵһɾ޴ɿǿ˲Ϣ֮󣬾ǵأɽγһͭǽڣֱ
ţ
һӦֻоԼɿֲĿֲУ·ײһɽ֮ϣ˲䱻ҷɳȥ
ಣ
ֱӴӻ춴еɳȽʱٶȻ죬µײȫͷ·ҪײɢˣһѪӿʺֱӴȫѪӿЩȥ
ôáȫʹ궯
·֮ǰһΣΥΣΪ˷ֹһΥ򣬻ᱻֱĨɱĹѪ¼Ҫԩˡ
˵̫ͷҲûȥ׼ȷ˵ҲѹûԼᱻ·϶Υ
ȻȷʵΥˣڵħУˣһĽܷѩһ̰԰˯С
ӡУħȫ֮Ķħ˯ڣ˭
ǰҲйƵؾֹͣħܴ½лԪػΪߵķǱߣܽ롣һеһУסħ
Ψ죬ˣ
ʼδ飬·̫аˡ
ħҲ޷Ĺ
㡭𲻽Ŀϴ˻ɽĸɮģ
ЦĶȥŪ£Ͳ壬ܴСĽܷѩȥĻôҪ˵
Լ̫࣬ħʼ磬Լһξ֮εĽ䱸֮Ҳ͡
΢ԥһ£ʵ˵ǻ򡭡ϡǰԼɡ
˵ţһĽܷѩСʹħռ˲ƶĽܷѩȻħռ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô飬ֿȫûϵͻȻЩΣҲЩ䱸Ȼ֪ǰʲô䱸ûκ塣
Сȴ˯ۣԺĶţȻ֪ʲô
ĽܷѩСͻȻ֣סˣڣȻŮӣͷβû


1425 ֱ
ǡοĽܷѩСʱСһ˫۾¶ΣѾϰ˴ħռ֮УͻȻֵĳ仯ܲӦ
λƯǡ
СѾʮûмĽܷѩˣЩ꣬ųɾŵʱ˯
Сǰɲǽ㡣
СĳƺЩЦõĸо
Ȼǽ㣬˵СǶҲһա
ʹС䣬СԼҲԺģûôʱĸǣСԼһܵ˯һ˯Ͳ֪ˣ򼸸£һꡣ
ϸĸУҲԼСġ
ʶһ㣬ӣֹŹֵĸоۿСС㣬ȻҲԼ
ǡ޷ԼΪȻ˿ûܲ˵Ϣ˿ϵȷʵ٣ҷͬһ㡣
뵽ûȥϸȥˣû̽ѰܵͷȻʱȻֵ֣һһŮӣͬѰ
ĿĽܷѩһۣԺлһģӰֻ˲䣬ӰǰĽܷѩصһ
۾һ˼ɫʡ
󣡲ܣ㲻ѾٿĽܷѩһۣˣ㲻󣬵ȷʵģѪϢҲ֪
һۿĽܷѩϵתͷСȻС״ȴͬһƾΪҲԱ塣
壿ʣ
Ȼ޷ʶСݣСȴ⿴˸ֱͨ壡
ôᡭôʣ
ŮӵͻȻ֣ľ̫ˣһʼǲ磬û¶Ϣһ㣬ǲֵˡ
Сʡôڣ
𣬸ղǾ仰ע⡣
һ˵ʣ壬Ҳһ߾ٳףɱҲѪɵģҲѪⱻ£ɼˣŮȴɵģԽԪϵɴľ磬ӵ츳Ȼȫ޷˫޾ˣֻܵ߾Ԫϵһϵ񣡡
˵ⷬҲǲ˼ĿСܱۣ˳ԾС츳֪
ֻ֣ΪֹûκΪڵԼ޷á
ǵô£
СḶ́ĽܷѩŮĹȫ˵ˣûκ
СܳܣҲȫȫĸ
֮˳õĳĬ֮У˼ʲô
ûдţֻһԾĵȴ
ĽܷѩһۣĿЩǡ
Ľܷѩεǿ󣬳ǰܲ˵ȫ¶Ҳˡ
ҪĻ׾١
Ľܷѩһİ񣬴ԵʦģҪ̽ѰҵܵĻ̽鵽ˣҸо֮ڰ֮ڣħսʤ컯ʥ֮󣬽ħʮʱ䣬ţħϣôʱоӦܷӳҶ˶õôġ
Ҳؿǹβ̽ܣħģڴǰԸǿʥ壬Žụѹء
šĽܷѩͷġ
ллʦ㡣Ц˵ЦݣģĽܷѩѾҪĻ飬Ժޱεˡ
ʱ𿪿ˣ˵ɡ
ţһΪὫĽܷѩһ·
Ƚ·壬㡭ĽܷѩĽܷѩʩĽܷѩ
ţĽܷѩȻϣȴɲõҲõĲƪȱʧ̫࣬سŵ㣬ȴַֻȴǱˡ
˵ĽܷѩһϲѾµҪ˵ʲôˡ
뿪ķż칬Ըѧϰĵӣ֮󣬿Դﵽľ硣ȥ·ĻãȴУδǺ£ο·Ȼ岵ӣΨȱ壬̫·УҲҲˡ
˵ţĽܷѩʵԸ⡣
ĽܷѩһۣʦģһҲԵġ
šĽܷѩͷĽܷѩӯӯһݣлǰࡣ
šЦЦֿССǰɣҲһȥ˵Գ񣿡
ǵġСԵСȴû˿䱸֮ģƺϲԾ¶һİϢ
õģﵹвپԶپͳԶ١΢Ц˵
Сһϲģ̫ˣ
۾˾״ˣС̰̰˯ˣھʲôģȻܹṩԶԶȲ¡
С壬һ޵׶پ񣬶
󣬾һ·Ľܷѩһۣһʱ֪˵ʲô
ʦ㣬Сౣء
Ե˵֪һȥ֪Ҫ꣬һ񣬶㻯һ⣬û޾Ŀռ֮С


1426 ֮
ããգɫƣƲ㴹úܵͣ·ҪѪһ㡣
һ޼ʵĸڣĴɢʯ飬ԵޱȻ
·
վƬϣĿ֪Ԫǿ󣬲ͬԪ۵һײޱȡ
˵صߣҲоǳĲϰߣתܵһЩӰ죬ЩֻҪѵܼӦ
·һ硭
ָָƼռ֮Ȼ֣Ŀռ侹ȻҪȹ౶ʵҪƿնǳѣ޷
磬ȻȻǧ綼Ҫȹ̣ˣ֪ﵽʲô硣
ţδĺܳһʱ䣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҫɹ
Ŀǣ
Ȼ˵·ͨʮ죬ȴҲ֮٣
ɳɳɳ
һǰУŲʯɰ΢֪ܣСΧһУĸ֪ɳʯĸһ߳ɳЫȫһо綾ߣǱԶСĵȴɳĮǣȵȵȵȡ
ĳһʱ̣ͻȻŲһ٣оһɵϢԼ
һݣ·˲֮ͣ
Լֽ䣬ǹϢһʼֻޣɻıǿԼΧԽԽǿҡ
ˣ
һ̶Ӿʯ֮ȥֻ߲ߣȫƤֲڣŰ׹˳
ϸǶϵĶ׹ϸ˵ݣĥĹ⻬ޱȣ
˵һ翴ɿڵʳһ㶢µĴһ촽Цþòˣ۵ˣ˷ѽ
Įɫĳ˷ѪǹĸɳĮɱԽ֮£Ҫ̫ձ顣
ǣͦѽһ߲мĿһĳǹֻǸСëӣԼʵţ˼ףǸࣿ
࣬þò˰
ڴ͵㣬Сˣջһ㶫治ѽ
·Ĵ͵㣬ǧǧ򣬸Щ͵ģ£ͻתơ
һЩоǿȴһѰҴ͵ķغڴ͵ΧרȽ·ġˡ
˵ʵҪһЩǸս·һ㶼ЯʣԼ۱ȷǳߵɱ֮󣬾ͿԴ׬һʡ
ȻһЩˣǱܿǣս·Ҳ֪ǿǱ̬ɱħ˭һɱˣ
ԶˣǷǳ׵ֶΣЩˣΪͺա
Ϊͺա͵һֱܹΪһСľߵ塣
·һ׵顣
·ڶ࣬ÿһ壬Ȼ벻Ԫ塢ϵǸԲõȴͬЩǿǣѾһֱַΪķ
Ϊһۿ˶Ҫ͡
ѹƣǶһЦţһǰһ󣬰м䣬ĿԽԽ䣬ҪɱԽˣ
ɱԽһ˴Ц˵أ
Ԫϵڵ࣬ǸСëӡ츳ǲӦòꡣ
ףĲǷ˫ޣĳɱǿϧˣ
Ǹ
˿ܻĽţ΢΢һˣΪıĺܲ
ǲ࣬ȴһۿԼΪ˫޶ܿó˵ϵȴһ֪
ȻûȲ壬Ҳʥ塢ħĹȻʮһ֡
ǿܹǵϢжǵʵΪ
ðɣĻе˷ˣǵģѵãĻܻٺö
Ӧÿԣ꣬ˣһ߲ūܣʵǾԻֵøۣΣʱ򣬻ܶȥ󱣻ǡ
˵ţһݣʲô˼ҪԼūܣ
ʱͺաеһˣȫͻȻ˵Ļҹ⣬һĴ
ģʱ䱸
磬սʱƵķġ
ǷƬӡƶ֮мơ
Щģû̫ǼвУóԼǿֶξˡ
ڣǿķģȴʮ⣬Ծ˵֮ģ
ֻ·Ӧķģӵв˼ǿߵĸ
֪Щ֮ϣܵһغƴϢ
·Щľһһ㡣
Ѱߵķģ߱ٿأЩĲͬǶߣֱ
ĳ˵Ϊý飬ֱӽ
һ֮ģԿԴߵս
ôƺǵһμ֮ģҲѹ֣һ㣬·СӹҼҾƵĵطһ
ȫĵǿһľȻʸһֱ
Щģڰоɢһε·зԼѲ
ݣ
ͬƹ֮һ֮УȻһзʲô㲻
зţ֮ĵĹȫ㲻֧֣һУ
Լʵܹﵽ·ĳ̶ȣȻⷨһƶģҪǳ˵Σ
ôЩĵʲôЧ㹻ֱӻԼķģԼԩˣ
ʶЩܲĻţ
ʱǿȴЦСӣ˰ɣҵ֮ūӡֻҪ֮ūӡû뾫֮ôֻҪ㱻һˣͻΪҵūɱܣҿ㻹ǸӣΪҵū֮һú㣬ΪҵӥȮΪɱУ
ɣΪãøең
ǿЦţֳִն
üһʲôһ֮ūӡŻᷢЧ
Ҳūӡֶȫһˡ
ʵ̫⣬߱ʩǶʯ٣Ҳܡ
·ֻҪˣʶģ֮ʱ֮ūӡͻã߶ԴʵܾҲˡ
֮ūӡã죬ȴʮʵã
ԭˣЩ֮ģһ̶ǿߵʮ죬һ޸֮ĺͯһ㹻ǿķģɱʥˣϾ֧֣㲻Ļ·ʧȥ˹ƽ𲻵Чˣ
лȻҲ̫ɵ֮ˣз


1427 һö
·ķģֻһΧǿߵĸʵֻãҪõģʵʥɱ
ҲֻΪǰᣬ塣
Щ׷
ʱһɱ
սʱ㻹ڷɵЦʲôһͰȫ߹Ƕ
һɱǰ֮ϣֳһĹͷʹ꣬Ťס
ء
ͬ޵ˣȻħߡ
ɭȻƣȴ¶Ц˲ܿң˵ǣֻΣ
䣡
֮ĵЧ֮Ҫκι˼ɣȫʵͬɽһ㱬󣬳а֮Ӱ׻֮ĺХ
ǣ
Ȼܷ·գȴҵԭɱ󾪣
ʲôһգôܣ
ǿϢͨˣ
ߵˣӣ
߶˵תҪܣһϵķ·Ҫݻʲôһ㡣
кһ֪ЩʲôãԲǷһЩܹǿ˵ķݻֵĻδزԷȡʱóʲôֶܵΡ
׻֮þ
֣׻֮ȫ汬
Դ䣬ԸʵֻǲͨΪĳ̶ȣɱţ
ΪԷΪ֮ĵĴڶ⣬ԥó
¡
ֲıըʯըನգı鿪鳾·һž޴ʯأҰеһУ϶ɫǣ

ǿҽţһڿ͵ıըг׻ɷɻҡ
һؿڸֳһҫޱȵĽɫ֮ģö˸żҵĹâֵþ
ⱻϵڣ֮ĵĹâҲڲϼ
ֻƬֻ֮һ죬֮ľ֮ɢ顣
ǿ嵹ɳȥһһˤڵϣȫϣѪ⽹ڣѾһϢˡ
һĻʮ־ȡ
ղŵþ˵㾡ȫҲˣȻûɱֻ൱ǰڵħ
ʣö˹ؼԵãǿһķ
ǰڵ֮ľѾܴﵽЧʥʩչֻΣ
о·֮ʵʵзǳҪһ֡
ʵȻǵһȾ֮㹻࣬㹻ǿһʵһ󾳽Ҳûܡ
ˣʱЩĻתӳϣõķԽǿʵ̶߳ҲԽ
Լ·ĵһ£Ǿ˽֮ĵãҾԼ֮ġ
ˣǰ˵кܶĶֱô
뵽һϲ˵ϵǿһѾ׻֮ը֧飬
һΪ֮Ļһ·ûȥ˵ķģˣԼĵһͰˣǿϵķҲ̫죬ܱûкá
ߵȥĵǰʶһɨ֣ϵ֮ĶѾɢˣпϧһ֮ľͻɢղûо飬װ˷ôġ
̶ߵ˵ڶǰ
Ǹʶѣ촽ϣɫ԰ףڶ£ġңҰѡҵķġ㡭
ǵѵķڣڵϣһֻץɰ֮УɺѪ
ϵ֮ģҲȡɡ
Į˵ɱԽˣû˿֮ͬģзѪǹһɨֱĴƬѪ⡣
ǵɱһĲҽУιȥ
ЩѪϣӡŷģҪķȻ֣ЩµѪУȻķɳһ֮ĵģڰɢˡ
𡭡𡭡һֱڷɱҡʲʲôûˡֻҪ㶨ԣҾͽеķģ͸㡭
϶˵ȻĻ΢΢ʱԭǣ򵥣ֱӵĻ֮ĵķʽǾӶᣬЩ֮ģֻҪɱԷ֮ܽľΪС
˵ǡЩҲֻвַɱ˲ܶᵽһЩģ¼ɱҲõǸһˡ
ԭˡ
ˣǹ䣬ֱһǹ̴ǿĺġ
ۣ
ǿȻ³һѪ
ʬ֮ϣ߸ĸֳʧֻʣһƮ
ĺһָ֣ⴥġ
ݣ
һ죬һֻӯĺû뵽֮Уʧ
ֻоһӿԼѪ⾭֮УԺб㸡ֳһϢ
֮ģ鿨֮֡ƷףģǿֵĹ鿨һöƽ𡢰ÿһöͿԻøǿּ룬ںΪһƷʣҲΪ̻꼶
̶̵ϢԺл
ṩϢȴԶֹöô򵥡
ֵõ˸Ϣ
ȣ֮ǳ׵ġ
ÿһףж⽱Ҫøǿܾһס
֮ҲƷͬƷķģȻֵ󡣶Ʒķ࣬ȻսһģһЩ죬ĪǴ·ĴܣҲࣿ


1428 ū
·ֻһ½½ʳΣȿɴǧסǿȴֻʮ
͹ŹֵĴ½ǿǧ򱶣ڱʹ½һֱ·
½Уɱ¾˵һս
·ƣۺġ
·ΪΣ⡢СڣÿһΣɱ¾ͻøӲңΣҲԽߣҪҲԽѣ
ڣ·Ρ
·֮ǡ
·ⲿ򣬵һͳС
֮ǵգһƬɫĻŻҵԪʱʱֵɱ
ڶ࣬Ȼޱȣҡ
ڳڣͽһЩڻ֮ǳǽɱԽ֮£̫ձˡ
зˡ
ţߣΪ˵㣬ѵø񣬶ȻǴţٺ٣ˣһܷġ
ڻ֮ǳǽһƬ֮У߰˸ħ߾ۼһһɫװĿ࣬׳ǿܴ½ľħЩƣ԰һЩ
֮⣬һȫں֮УҲסˣȫħɭɭ̬Ʈ죬һּΣյĸо
Сһ㣬Ǹ˺ǿȻΪߣɵ֮ɳƣƺ֮ݲ͡
֪һжʮ꣬ǰǰһٶֵܣǰֻΪҲģʨӲȫ
Ϊ׵ĺˣƺΪҲ˵˴˵ݣӦǾʦһ
߶һۣΪ׵ħȻһ֣˵֣
߰˸ߣĶ൱ڵľ磬ʱһĿɱȥ
ǿ
ڰУͷȺˣȻΪ˽Էϵǵľ徳磬ǸϢҲֱܷǿˡ
֣·ԼΪĻ
ȻΪ·ѷ֣ʵһˣܹ̫ɱ
ȻΪչ¶ʵֻ̫ͣڣЩʵѾﵽʥڵˣеû¶һ߶٣ᶯֵģ䡢ڣЩˣǰ͹в
Щ˳Цһ˷Ȼ٣ǳɱ
ţСӣ
Ϊ׵ħһû뵽ʱ򲻵ӣٳԭֻ֣ҪôԷɵӣҪôԷԼʵоš
·ĸһֿԼΪ㡣
ôǵڶֿˣ
뵽ħǷһ˿ȻˣǾͿ˭ݣ
ɱ
죬߰˸ħһ֣һ˦Ѫǹ̶ֱ⻮գϯһУ
䣡
ſµı죬϶ɫǹâкħ塣
һ˲䣬Ѫҽ׵ħߣ׻֮ը֧飡⼸ֱʱϻǲ֮ɫ
ħд󺧣Ҳû뵽Ѿ꾡ܸߵʵǱʵʵȴرΪĻһţҲĪˣ
ôôù
ħһͷˣһ̣гħǿȫһɱ
ս̣һϢʱ䣬ѪǹбУǹ֮ϣδմһѪ
ɫĮȻ֮ǰǴ֮Уһȫڶ֮еĺˣͲϵıţ˼ȵĿ־֮С
࡭ֱħ
ڶʦһ޴ʯ֮ϣϢ£й¶Χһγɵ
Ϣֻⷽ¡
Ȼʱֻɳһ죬һ꣬ͬһڶ˵ǰ

ڶҲ棬ʱҲŵ˻ꡣ
ֵʵ̫ͻȻûһס
һ
Ѫǹֱָɱ⡣
ɱԽǿȻκֱ֣նɱ
ţ
ڶ˻ƣ³Ӳ
Щ··ֻԣ塢ħ嶼õΪ·岻࣬Ҫħ塣
ǰĺڶӣȻħ壬ϣܵ˷ǳǿϢѪ֮ȴ̫̫٣㡣
壿
Ժһһμʶߡ
Ҳʮ۷֮һʵδ֪ʥ
ǡǻ壬ҪɱңҿԷ׳ҵ֮ģҸԸū
ڶ˵Ƶϵĺۣ¶һâ壬ϴףӴתŻɫ⣬·ûʵ塣
ϥأʾ
ţҵūһ·ʱ򣬾ǿǾнū֮ġ
һ£ܶҪ˵ūΪһΪū˸񶼻ᶪʧһȫҳϣûʶĿܣǸûʲô𣬻ҪʹϾʧ
Լū
Ըūûǹ
ǣΪһЩԭһʵǿ󣬸㣬Һܿͻ᳹ʧȥֵʱҲҡ
ʧȥֵôңڶʲôֵĮʵǰĻԣֵһᡣ
鱨˵֮⣬һģŲ֪·õʦʦǻ壡ĳɾͣԶǿҲǵʵɱ
Ŷ
һģ
ߵȼ磬þСˣ·˵ģȻô򵥡
˵ǡʦ
ûв´Ҳ֮йء
Ȼ߽ĻҲ֤뷨
˵·֮ϣܹӳı仯֮ģ߷򣬶ЩʵҲãֻǿܲܵõ·ˡһΪġҩҲ겻ɵҩҲĴʦ㡣һ֮ĿңҵҳϾԲûɣ֮߷˭ⲻԼ
ң·в˵ĵطң
߸˺Ķߣ⣬·ȷʵ֪̫٣ô·ȫȫ
ߣ˵ƺ֪·ˣôģ
Ϊܴ¸о֮ĵϢǿʵǡ٣Ҳ㣬ʵ֮Уʵǿ֤ˣҾ㲻ˣ·˽⣬Ҳ벻ᳬңΪѾ꣬Ѽ鱨
ãɽ
Ӧɱߣûκ壬ȷʵвСá


1429 
ɫӡǣҫûߵüģǻݳ鴤һ£ҧ
һʱ䣬ߵ˫ͫһƬ磬ٴʱѾ𾴡
ūףμˡ
ãףҲҪ̫ã뿪·ʱ򣬾ͻỹɣ㣬·ôȫͨ
˻·ū鴴ϷǾϷ֮УϷӮôõĺô䣬ȴǻ˵ġ
·ޱȹŹ֣ܶණ趨ˣͨһЩضĻԵѰҵ֮ģĳЩض֮ĵĻͻᴥͨͻõ·ĽΪ·ˣһ˼Ĵڣɣʮˣ֮·Ľޱȷ񣡡
ض֮ģ
һ
ԣֻг׵֮ĲãһЩɢ֮ģ֮ǰʹõūӡģûˡ֪ĳ׵֮ģǧˣЩ֮Ҫͭƽ𼶣̻꼶Ѿ٣ϣ̫һף˵Ҫ֮ģһʮס
׵֮ģֵҪͬȼ׵ķĸ߳ʮϣ߳ٱңЩ׷ĲߵѪ⳹ںϣһɱߣЩ֮ľͻɱǵ߻ã
ԭˡлһʼ磬ɱǿֻһ֮ģΪ鿨֣֮ǳ֮ģڿɺϣֻ֮ĲŻ䡣
˵ҪͨҪǼضĳ֮ģֻҪнĻᣬᶼûС
Щ֮ÿһףں̶ܴߵʵһ˵ҲҪ֮ͨļֵ
ƫƫ׵֮ĲѪ󶨣һɱߣͻһЩ֮ģȻΪĶѪȷ磡
Щֵߵ֮ĳ֣̫ģ˵һףһöΪ֮ƴ֪ҪѪ
˵·ĳλ鴴ϷôϷĳԾ໥ɱѪȵУѡǸ
ףңЩж˳ͨ·
ҪͨȻ죬ǰ˵·Ѿ˲֪꣬Զϴδ٣ôӿеŶɳټϸ·ߣͨˣܸеġ
׵˻·ʵ̫̫ѣʷϣȷʵͨ˵ߣʱʵ̫ԶҲĴ˵Щ˵һ˿ڿഫѾݻ汾Կ֤ˡ
ͨܣռʮָ֮ģлһ֣õһֽȴһЩ
Ȼ򵥣Ҳֻ·ޱӴ߻Եġôˣʵ죬ˣѼ㹻ķġ˼пеһԱ
ĻȴһҪСģΪҲǼߣǧҪ̰ͼĽѡԼ޷ɵװ׶һɶߵˣҲֻɵ˰ٷ֮ʮ
Ŷһٷ֮ʮҲ֪ô
ȻΪ·󣬻·Ѹ£ɰٷ֮ʮϵˣҲὫǵѸ£·һɶȳٷ֮ʮģֻˣһʥߣһǻߣһһŮ˵Ҳɣ˶ǳʮǰʥ߽ɵ˰ٷ֮ʮһŮɵ˰ٷ֮ʮ˶õ˲˼Ľ˵Ƕ˶Ǹڵĵһš
˵Ȼһ
һţʮǰ
ûȥǻŮԼ϶ʶʥߡ
ʥ߽ʲô֣оһʵ
˵ֽĦ
׺˼˵Щ䡣
֣һĦ컯ʥĦ
Ȼ
ڽ·֮ǰ컯ʥӻûеõķţֻĦѡ
ڳ·֮Ϊٷ֮ʮһɶȣ컯ʥʲŴ·š컯ʥӣڶĦΪʥʣ
ʱٳ֣Ȼ컯ʥԾӣţˡ
ԭ˰ĦҲ·
Ҳ֣Ϊ飬ֻб˲Ż壬ձһЩ컯ʥ˽ܣ
ʮǰμɶȰٷ֮ʮһһһʮŶһȣĦܴﵽ̶ֳȣѹˡ
ĳɼףҲѹ
Ҳ˵컯ʥӲΪ츳ܹȵ⼸ʮĲ࣬Ҫ̸ֲף
ȻҲӢűǸţȻѹĦһͷǲ˼飬ʮ죬ǿƣ죬ˣ
뵽оѪڣʮ켴ٵĴҲеһԱұȻҪһԱ
컯ʥӣʮǰɵ·ʮǰҲ˵컯ʥӵĲ࣬ʮꡣҪڰ֮ڣ׷ʮ꣡
׷һͨţǼֱ׾٣׷ȴʮ죬ڶ
ҪԶԷһٶȳɳ
һĳɳٶ𡭡ս˫ȭǷһȣҲ̫ţ
ȷĿ꣬оս⼤
Ҫ׷컯ʥӣҪδĴдչ֣һеһУҪ·ʼ
ΣɶȣҪ컯ʥӣҲҪǻŮӣ
ʶսȭͷսڵʱʱԶ֮⣬·еһһ½½ͨͨ·
Щˣʥߣٸ
һ⣬ŵ򣬶ɱһܾøǰϣ
Щ˵죬һߴ꣬Ǳܵĵ᪡
ʱ£᪱òȱȫѾȫԭۻָҪ
·ٺ٣ڵⳡʱˣŰѪҴ½һսУһʯ̶ɵʯţײ棬ˣһͿأսʧ󣬶ʵĲ㣬һսҲʵ˭ǿ˭ûȳ
ڣ·ҵĿǣɰٷ֮ʮϣϣҵ֣ʱһõ˼ĺôһѩǰܣش꣬ģҲҸ


1430 ֮
ǻ֮ǡ
ǰľ޴ǳأǳǽмʮɸߣصĳţ֪ʲôģַӵġ
ڳߣվߴ˶ħ壬൱Ϊ
ǷѣÿһöԪġ
߽ޱĻش
Ԫģһⶫǻңѵ޽磬ҶǷģ
ʱ󣬻׼æǰһĨһЩǵķűзɳ۳ģ
һóһһѽöˣʽ˵Խȥˡ
һӣͻŽǡ
ԪĻңҴľ񣬲ʹˣʵĻкܶ಻ĵط
񡭡һȻ֪ļֵ˵ǵλǳĻˡ
˹ȻԺաţ˵˻Ҳãֻħ塢Żվ񣬶塢ʥҪû̫ãֻջʯʥѪɷѪ
ԭˡȻ·ڶ࣬Ϊ޷ĲͬмֵĿȻҲͲͬˡ
Ԫôãʡ
׵·кܶհ׷ģÿհ׷ԪͿҪ൱ʱ;Ԫ·ӲͨһκĻңĻңҲһԪǼ۸Կһ㡣һ˵һʯܶһһöԪġ
ˡͷл׸ţȷʵʡȥ˲鷳Ŷѽ
ߣʱ֣вûнǷѾͽˡ
Щôýѣ
ǻҳǵþ񡣡֪Ķܶ࣬͵ڻ֮ǣþִܵӱǾ񣬻ᱻִ׷ɱǷǻҳǾ񣬾ûˣ˾ˣû˹ܣԺܶ˶ҪΪ֮ǵþ񣬲Ժܶ˵̫ˣ˵򵥵һֳΪ֮ԾķǾһӣǻ֮˵ķӣҪԪģһǿߣ㹻Ŀհ׷ĵǰ£ҹͣԪԪģʮ궼޷ɣǿֻ߲ܻʮѣҪӼǰͿʼ
ô׵ķۣо˼飬ǿ߹һӣȻҲһӣ򣬼ֱ˼顣
Ԫģ൱ڼʯžǰŴǧ絤ˮ׼һǿߣԸ
·ɱ¾һȫסܲףΪԾܰصıɱԺܶ˵ջǳ󣬶֮ǣӾô࣬Ȼ۸ˡūղ˵ֻԪĵĻǿһӶһʱõ죬һֵǵϡ֮ģȥһӾ͹һˣԺܶ˵ǸҪ֮ģңǶǮ
šͷҲˣԷûȤֻҪ֮ġ
֮ǰ˵֮д֮ĵĵط
ǵģ
˵ţȥ
֮ǵĽֵǳеĽӡеĴʯҲǳֲڣûоǱһݴŵζ
һ··߶츳ܺãżһЩϡƽߣҲǵ̵Ļơдʲôġ
Щ֮⣬ˣ˽ܡ
Щ˽ܣҲⶼʮߣҲ·ı
ʵϣ·ıԶ߶ö࣬Щ·ϰ䣬һܹμˣ涼һ
ǵһܹ˲ţЩžۼڻ֮ǣȴǳŻ֮ǵġ
Ҳ֮
һ񣬾ܵõӦ֮Ľ
ˣ񱤣ָǰһ״ĺɫ˵
һʮ㣬ÿһ㶼мʮɸߣִޱȣһɽһ
߽񱤵һ㣬ĿռþˣۼߣȫԲڡ
һɨȥֺ߲ܶģڴа̯
Ķ˸ֵҩ֮⣬һֶ״Ļ¡
̯̫࣬ں񱤵һӣܻҡЩ˳ͬ壬һ壬ȫľħв߸ߣȫƤ壬ͷûëİħ֮⣬ò毺õŮûʵĻȵ̫̫ࡣ
ȻĿȴһԤϵǳ١
Ϊļῡܣ·ıߣԭȻ·űĽټϣʮ֮У۷ʽ΢һͲ࣬·٣Ҳ֮С
һڴе˲˵ע⡣
٣ڵС
ھͶһ·ӲС·Ӵˣͨúܿ죬
ʥԪţϹϷʵЦݣʥУ񱤣˼ɣᶯ֣ǵ˳ĻʥʹҲʼ
΢΢üоٲѺõĸ֪̽ԼҪ硣
ʥ塭
û۾֪Լ˭·ԭûйԼʥܿһ໥ɱԷĲƸ֮ġ
û⼸ʥߣǿڴбͬѶȵ񣬶ӦͬĽ
ǣҪ֧ԪģĵԪ൱ˡ
һƽҪʮԪģԪĶûˡ
ʮԪģҲʮʯԼ˵ëë꣬Ƕһߣ֧𣿶һ겻ɣͳȥˡ
˵ҲΪҪ֧ԪĵԭԸӵ춨ԪΪ·ͦҵĻ
˻ƽֿ̻꼶񣬽ܼ۸һӷһٱһǧԪĽһΡ
̫һ壬̫Ȼֻһ۸ٷһٱ
ʮԪĽһΣҲʮʯʮö񣬱ȴǧ絤Ҫࡣ
Ĵǧ絤ֻнʥزŻỨѴȥǮں񱤣ֻǻһν̫Ļᣬ˴򲻹ȫ״
ѹ֮ǰ˵һ̫ģͬڴ˵ˡ
ʱ˵ˣں񱤵йЩ£ÿһһɫĲͬӦ˲ͬƷɫǰɫǻƽ𼶣ɫǱ̻꼶֮󣬻»Զתɷģһ˵й񣬼۸Ҫͺܶࡣ
Ŷֲ񱤣̯׵ˣȽĻࡣ
°ͣ·˽ǱĻߺܶ·


1431 
ɨһۣһ̯λѡ̯λΪоڸʮ̯У˵ʵǱȽǿġ
̯Ǿħ壬Ϊ൱۷壬Ҳǳ㣬벽ʥӦҲһս
һԭǣħҲõȽϷ㡣
˿̯λϵĻʮ£ǽɫģҲǻƽ𼶣б̻꼶
һֻۣ۸ֻк񱤼۸һҡ
̯䲻ȣһһģ̯ڴĦģûʲô˼д
ȻǸоΪ̫ͣԭ
ΪʲôЩûбۣʵ
̯бһۣͷ˵û۵Ļ¶ǾƷ۸ߣĻֱ˵һͱ̯ӡ
򡣡ûԷ̬ȣ֮ǣû㹻ʵͲõ𾴡
һ̯˷ɲô顣
ˣԪģ
ָһö̻꼶£֮ǰѾԪʹ¼ֵܴΪǳ׵ġ
̯Ŀһۣü㲻ǲӵİɣڣҪ̻꼶𣿡
һ˵̻꼶񣬶ҪɣǳΣգʺܸߣԽ׽ʧʧǮô򵥣ܿ
ܲͲˣһ֧ԪľͿˡ
٣òҪֻ棬ѰĵģҲϲ˵ɵˣ˰ʵۣħ˵ԺܴѹȸУ˸ֻʲ
Ҳǻ֮ķûʵҪڼơ
ۡԪ˵ˡ
ͷɽ֪ղʯ
ʹӦˣ
ħ̯һȻļ۸飬ǰ˰Ҳһʾ޿侳˵ȴüͷһ¡
ʯҲԡħ̯ͷڽóʯܳһһǧ壡
̯һҧױʣ˻һۣ׵Щӣǿܽܡ
š
ֱˬó㹻ֻҪ˵ɵӣ໨СǮں
Ŀû̯ʶһɨȷĿЩһߣһ̻꼶£۾գҲô۵ĺټЩġ
ӹ£ûüеϸ򣬶ʱһôѺõͻȻ
٣Сӣġ
תͷֻʥվԶһ̫ʦϣڵϣһǳƿαϣ֣˹ָ˼ȥ
ԣ㣬£
Цʥߣһʼ󣬶ʹø֪Ҫ̽ˣΪǳ
үһţ־ԼȥǲĲᡣ
ʱ֮ǰ̻µľħ̯˵Ȱùȥһ£˺ųƺɷڻ֮ҲǿǿɱԽΪܶ˶ϣȥֻǳԵСʧǮƣǲȥĻ˵
֪Ҳбƽʱүˣ۾ݲɳӣǿɲʵһУǿѹͷߣ㱻˰ɱ˵Ļб鶼δز
ллҸˣʣܶ𣿡ʵ
ܣǰȫģܲһֱӦǿҲƣҪǿһ㶫ԸҲˡڻ֮ǣҪѧ̡ħ̯˵Ȼں񱤷ǳձ顣
û㹻ʵ¶Ǯƣͻᱻ˶ϡ
Ȼ֣ܶϧţħ̯ôҲ뵽ʸղŵǾ仰ǵԼİΣֱӹȥ
Сӣأˣ
ûзӦʥŭˣһվȭͷֻǡĹǽΪ졣
ҪңԼҹȥԴҩô
ĮһɷסˣǾȻһڵСȳ⣿
ĳ棬ʱ˲˵ע⣬ܶ˿˫֮󣬶һϷı顣
Ǻɷ
ڵСһɷа壿
ٺ٣Ǹյ֮ǰɣ֪ɷأˡ
ҪùˣҿСӶе㱳ϧ֪ڻǵЩ֮ͽŵĲ´Ьģɱ˺·ںû£Ժȥָңɷɲʡ͵ĵƣ֮ǰðǣǲɱˣһʬڴʾΪ˾ŭǵĺ
ڳ˷׷ţûԪֱ˵˳Ҳں
֮ǰµȴҡͷԸڹţȥҲˣҪ⼤ŭɷʵڲ֮١Ը·ǻȥģܿҪںɷˡҲֻƼˮ꣬ûȤȰˡ
˵ʲôûɣɷеһʥ߿ȻһЦ˹ˣôˣԽԽ࣬Ǻɷ̫ˣûôɱˣ
˼СӣֻѪڣûˣⱲӶҪˡ
ɷ׷վЦ
ǣת񱤵ڶȥҲö֣Ҳʰ⼸ˣһеȳȥ˵뿴񱤵ĵڶ㡢ʲô
һֻһ̫£ȻȫȴҪģΪõ֮Ĳǳ׵ġ
ֻд׵֮ģ̫ܿȻҲ󣬵ͨûа˷ʱ䡣
¥ʻס
ڴ룬ı󣬿ͨ㡣
׵Ǻ򶨣ʶʵΪġ
šͷҪ߹ȥ
ʱ¥ݿͻȻһ⣬һŮ񱤡
ϲΪյߣɹеϷֲɹؿõһγ齱̻꼶Ļᣡ
һʱɧ
ģ̻꼶ĳ齱
ǺȻõ˳齱ʸ񡣡
𼵶ˣҲʵòյʵͱǿˣټһõʸ񡣡
Ƿ׷ţ̸׵˫Ҳͣղڵģ޲˺ĺɷҲתע
Щ⣬ʲô̻꼶ĳ齱᣿󣿡
ǣǳ֪ͬǱ̻꼶Щϡб̻꼶ṩϡ֮ģļֵı̻꼶ĸ߳ǧ򱶡Щϡб̻꼶񣬺񱤲ֱӳֻۣԳ齱ʽãǮҲ򲻵
Ŷ£ȤЩ۵˼һϷӮˣ˳齱ʸ񣿡
ǵģϷں񱤶㡣


1432 ֮
񱤶㣿°ͣô˵Ҳܲμˣ
ǣˣκν񱤵߶вμʸֻҪͨеĹؿͿԻó齱ᡣ
齱ԻֶĻ£ұȻϡл£񱤵²ȫԪĲܻãʵǲȱٵأʵǿ죬ԷǳСĴۻһö£Щ£Ԫ򵽵ٱ
ȤȥԽԽû֮ǰƲе·鴴һϷеĹ˵򣬷Ϸ
ȥ˵ļһ鵽ʲô
ԣǱ̻꼶ϡзģȻǵģҲѽ
٣˵ԼҪתأ
ܶ˶ӿȥһЩҷ·ĵͷ
񱤶㵽֮䣬п¥ݣҲдһǧһӿ㣬ɳͨ衣
ĿռһҪʮ龰ȻΪ㵱̺һСǧԭ
ôվ棬˿ӵ
ʱڶ룬һ޴ĸ̨һʥվڸ̨֮ϣ緢ȻǶˡ
ڶߣվɫսףؿƿѩ£Ӣ䲻
վЩǰܸоЩǿֲ֮
ЩȻ൱۷Ϊ۷ǿͨʥضмߵĵλڷֹγϣֻ
ǿɲͨ˵ǳţΪսףؿѩ£űΪѩţֻܹһˣǾӢһ˸޷롣
ҳǳһ·ɱ磬Ϊһеĳ˶ȻС
ԣǳڻ֮ǣ˲ǣһ־ǰѩڵĳţһ֣ޣ
ޣ
ǵһ˵ţ·̫ˡ
ԣЩ񣬼һ֮ĵߣͻõ޵ķšһװģʸһ޷ţһ׻ƽģõ޷ţһױ̻ģõ޷ţ
һ˵ѾǳֲˣƽʱԼϣޣǸǲ˵Ѿó⣡Ҫ֮ģԼãģ򵽵֮Ķڣޣܵ·ϿɣһǷޣüӳɣټܻ÷޵ˣҲضţҲ͵£ǾܹԽһ󾳽սͨʥȥһޡ޸˵ޱǻ֮ǲǵĵڶ
̨ϵգһޣڻ֮Ǻ𿴺ɷƽаԵڶǰȴģʵѹơ
֪ˡͷյΪȺɷһЩս츳ڵĶʤɷ֡
ˣջΪһ޵ķţ·֮ӳԸɷѹ
ʵ࣬ǵȻΡ
ʱ򣬶Ѿʼ齱ˣһڴʱ̣ǸϵΪ齱ġ
ѩŵǣһ޴ĽԲ̡
Բ̳ޱȣ֪ʲôģԲ̱棬Ű߰⼣¶һɲԹŵζ
Բ̡üһܸо⿴˱֮ƽƽԲ̣̺Ų˼ȻԪ֮Ŷй֮޲һĶ
ңᶯҪѩţҲɼĲͬѰ֮
˷ˣ˵Բȷʵһ㣬Ϊ̣֮׼·ԹʹĶ־ɻ׽ĳصĹ£ط䣬ȥƻ⵽Ǵصģ˶˶٣˭Ҷ̣֮ڻҳǣѹ˵ر·ӵеĳһģû֮ĳУõ·Ͽɣױ𡣡
ˡͷ²Ҳ࣬Բ̺ܿصķȻ˵ʵҲ죬ܶ˵ʲô˵ĶǶ·߶ԣĴ
ڶĸ̨֮ϣһߵ̵֮ǰ
õĳ齱ᣬת̡֮
ת̻֮òͬĽ
ܵһǻһ֮ĵ£±Ȼϡ
ڶֱֿӵõƷ֮ģֱӵõƷģǾ׬ˡ
֮⣬еֿܣֿԼСֻд˼֮ӣ̳ؽˣſܳ鵽
鵽ĶʲôȴԴ⣬֪
ʵǣֿܣпмֵһ֣˵ֵɹ
̣֮һ̶ϾԼ˵Ķת֮ǰ˵Ǽٵġ
¶֪ԼҪ鵽ֿܵϣޱãǶʱҲᱧһ˿롣
һսԼͨϷõ飬ɵ֮У̹֮âʢ̵֮ı棬ֳķġ
Щһ⣬ȫǱɫģǱ̻꼶֮ġ
ǵУеǳƷģеǻ¡
֮⣬ԲϣһƬƬ֮ûзģֻصֱַǡˡ
鵽ͻõĪĵֿܡ


1433 ɱϷ
ڸ̨룬֣Ԫȫע뵽֮У֮ϵзĶʵĹ󣬱Ī⡣
˵Ŀ⣬֮ϡ
һһ𣬶յ۾ÿһöķģš
ֻҪеĹâһķģͽǶճ鵽Ķ
齱ʱֻʮϢʱ䣬Զ˵ȴ·һô
գķĶһλ֮ϡ
齱λǳ齱ĵһֿܡϡ¡
пһ֣ҲܵĽ˳齱ֽ
ǳ鶯һ£Щϧһ鵽ֿܣһԸȻȴˡ
մˣϲѽ
ǰմ˼ϡб̻£ֵɹ
Ƿ׷׵ϲﱾλͲȻһ¥ˡ
մˣûת£
˿ʵȴվܾˣ̻£ҾԲתõġ
˵òأ̻µ񣬶ʱûɣ԰ѻ¼Ĵں񱤣ͻ֮ɣ˵ĻǾ̫˷ˣϡл£ɲǮ򵽵ġ
տʻһۣĮ˵ҪԼμ
񱤵꿪ţȥμӵ˲࣬Ϊû޳ƺţҪлʲôôܣ޳ƺŵˣҪͨҲҪӺ
ÿμһҪʮԪĵ볡ѣǮԺܶ˵Ҳۡ
죬ΪܵյĴ̼ܶվȻˣҾͲμһΣ
ҲԣһûμӹأȻ볡Щ󣬵ǲԲġ
Ҳ
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磬Ҳȥ԰ɣ
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ɷΪ׵һˣ΢΢ԥʵףǺɷμʤ㲻˵ӽ㣬Ҳˡ
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ںɷԥʱ߲Զһƽľ˵Ҳμӡ
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СͷȻںȳǺɷЩ꣬ǰɷǰŵˣˡ
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һȥҪȫ¶ûмöģֱӶʮμӺȷʵ̫ˡ
ܶ˶֮ǰ̻µľħߣھħ߿еǮû˼ˡ
μӵĻˣǿԺúáաһ¡
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šɷԭԥڱһֱ̼Ӿ֣Ǳ
ߺܶʱҪͼʹ죬ȻȥʮЩۣΪһˬ죬Ҳֵˡ
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ǸСӲμ֮󣬺ɷžͲμӣȻǳСģǿºѽ
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ϧôԪģҪѽװˡ߸п
˵ĸпһʵףЩ£вμɵԪĶȥˣ֮ǵĳõô
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Ȼ˵𺳣ϸ룬ȴΪ
ˣɷרģںǲ֣ܶоͲһˣ˻ҪСĲǡ
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ģһʮߡ
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ٺ٣Сӣһүүúչġ
Ҫһѽô
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ҪеʵһϷⳡϷƾͽɱϷʮϢʱ֮ǻᱻ͵һǧУ˶ɱߣҲǵĿģɱܶõǵսƷ
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ѩʿ˵֮߶ûʲô飬ȴһ̫ĳ齱ʸ񣿡
ǵˣɺϷԳ齱һ̫£Ǿ֪ôȴƺû˭õˡ


1434 ɱ
ৣ
ѩʿһɫĹƾճڸ̨֮ϣǧĴˡ
ʼˣ
ܿͻнˣ߰˸ʱȴᾭ졣ڳѾǵһιۿϷǧ֮Уʱٺ粻һ߰˸ʱʱ䣬Ƴ˵ֻһĹ
ղѩʿ˵ɱϷʵʵߵ˶ĻΪ͵˽ȥǺܳԿΪ͵ǸСӣֻڣɱϷߣϣڶ壬Ѿʥż
ûһһɱϷĲΪ࣬˭Ϊ˭ͻԿ
ţ˿
ɱϷѶȾʹǶŽȥҲҪСӦʱѶٸһûĽˡ
ˣΪ̫Կˡ˵
ûϵڰ֣֮ǰ˵ϷеһʼŻǿǿٶȣȡϷߵΪ
ǵġ
Ҳصˣףμӿ˵Щʶôһţһʻ׵
ȫУֻһޣһǣͨ˵ĸʺãˣ͸ûϣˡҪͨõ̻ĳ齱ᣬҪޣ޶սʧܣһޣֻմһеٮٮߣܺõ£ܳɹ
֪ˡ
˵ţ̧ǰǧ硣
âһתһ̣ȫİȿռ䡣
ߣҲһһʧڴ֮У͵ȿռ䲻ͬķλ
ҰģǰһƬһ޼ʵĲԭԭ֮ϣ¶ĺɫʯҰ޵Ŀݹǡ
ܴ硭Ը֪ɨһ£óۡ
ѩʿĹҪʮû£̻꼶Ĺؿ
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жԼʵţǰŵģѶȶȻԣǳ
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߶Ĳԭ֮УԶȫϢĻԷףǿĸ֪Ȼ̽鵽ҲҪһֽţȡһǳֱӵա

ʱھʮ֮һƬյϣʥ߾ۼǺɷ
ɱϷڵ磬˵飬컹ǵһ
ɱϷ볡̫֪ͨϣãԺɷûгԹ
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ҲóãҶȲˣϧﲻɱŪлûġ
ǧ磬ѩʿ˵ǲɱˣĽֹɱ¾ɱ˵ĻҪ۳û¡
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ָһңԶߣһģСڵ㣬༸ʮԶ
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ɷ죬Ԫע۾֮Уһ˲㿴˴˵ݡ
ȻСӣ
ɵ߿ʲôǹⱩ¶λðɣôˣò죬Ȼˣ
Сӣɵ˰ɣߣôģȻҪǾͳȫߡ
ɷûֱӷգŵ棬ӹ
ڲμٵʱ򣬷ɵУֱͬҹеөǰۡ


1435 Ƕ
ˣһġĲˣҹȻܻӭԳ˵УΪͣ˿ϵ⣬׸
Ĳ˵УǶģһǺɷһһԷޡ
ǽ봫ŵʱһжһͲռ䴫ͷֿ
ݣ
һԷȸϵһꡣ
Ƥ𪣬˫⣬˵꣬ʵҲа꿪ˣΪ飬ʵڣټϳ࿡ڻ֮ҲúܿܵŮӵĴࡣ
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Ƕ٣һöû¶ѣ滹˸˭õҪƾʵУ
ǰķ򸾳ƺҪϵһöû£ǶԣĻѾѾڹķ⣬ؼǿ˭ܳԵ
ৣৣϵɷȻУһʱ䣬ˣ֮⣬һĲ߸ˡ
νۺ죬ɷе϶ԼȭͷЦ
Сӣ·㲻ߣ㴳Ϊƣǲɱ㣬ǻУʱȥˣٺúʰ㣬ȫŪϣһڴϡ
һȺΧסһ⣬ֻһö£Ĳˣ϶ֲ˵ôɣܲΪһ£ķȴһ
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ҲЦˣЦúƽûԭ򣬾Ҫǹҷɵ¶Լʡ˺ܶ鷳
ף˼°ͣϸ۾ƵĶҪϿʲôԽԽˣɱϷ磬ҲǵһﲼΣܲһ˶Ըˣ
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һ
ȻѪǹ׵Ķ壬һԪŶݼ׺󣬿ɴڽһԭǣڷѪǹ֮Ϲעս飬սձʥߣսһơ
ȥ
˵ţںؿһ赭дһƣȴʽһС֣
겻ã˺ɷϣû˿ͣ٣һǳɣɾ䣬ֻꡱһ죬Ԫ˺ȫ֮УĹ˲ѣѪϾ
Ϸвɱˣɺɷɱˣȴ˳״ϣһ˵ɱңǺɷ˵ڻ֮ǲ֪жٳңһʧȥΪ³֪
ôݣʵôǿ
һ˲סˣУͳ׷˺ɾֶΣԲһܹ߱ģֳԵɱ˲֪٣ֳף̺ɱͿʱͬǫǫӣһȴѪĿ
ӣ
˲ͷѾ˲ȥΪʵζʲôֻ֪ԼӵĻԸһ³
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һϷӦ׷Ե֮ģ
·кܶศԵ֮ģ׷ٷеһ֣һ˾ͺѽ䣬ڣȴоֲڵȴַģƵ׷ӡǡ
ǷġսӡǣЧһģ
˲ˣҪ׷ӡ׷ɱǣϷϧǲμϷ֮ˣ
Ϊߣսϵ츳ȻȲ࣬Զʥǿö࣬ӦĨսӡǡ
Ȼĸ֪Ӵսӡǵһ˲䣬ȴо֫䣬ֽŷսӡǣűӨӨĹ󣬿ͬһ̵
ǡ̻ս飡
̻ս飿ڶң˲ɵˣսֻлƽΣ̻սȥĻüʯͷݡ


1436 Ա
սУӰһʧڿУͬҹеո
ٶ̫죬з˺ȡºֽ䣬ǰǰ󲻹ٷ֮һɲǣֱѪſưܲ塣

ϴŭ𣬺ɷȻˣǱ˴֮䣬һЩģΪֵܣۿֵܱɱѪˣҲûʲôӦ
϶˫ĿѪ졣
嶯ǸǶ֣ϴܱ侲ʱֻܹ˼Լһߴ϶һȫӣȻʱһһǵڶ
ģƴˣ
ϴҲһˣ֪ӲˣȫԪ£סȫҪȻһɨ䡣
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ʱ䷨򣡣
ϴһʱðʥߣڷĳɾ;ͽ㣬ǿʥߣƾֱֲӷ鷨ʱգǺϴȴԶ

һںϴֳַѪǹȭ׼ϴľ׵һȭ
ȭ
ȭϵ似Ŷݼ׿룬Ѿ˵ǵľ磬һȭҳնҪ顣ϣ仹Ǿ׵ĵطʥߣҲס
꣡
һ죬֮ϴµƻƻ񾭣
ϴҽһȻһԴ
ʥĻָˣҲڷˡ
Ǽˣֲһƾ֣
ԷκηĻᣬϾˣкҩĻκãֵˣȴôҲҪѴѪƵĵҩҽãҩԺɷҵ
Ӧ˵Ūҩ֮ǰѾڻ֮ñȹˡ

ϴֽ䱬飬еû±õϴȫϣĺ󳾣һһȥ
ûа벽ͣ٣һ̤ռسɴ磬룬һţһ̣Ѿ׷˺ɷһˡ
Ҹƴˣʣĺ϶˫ĿѪ죬ȫͬһһڵԪͬһ緢ĻɽҪը
Ա
ͫ΢΢һЩߣʱԴ߶Լȫ硢Ѫֲ֮ıըըȫһʮ࣬ʵ߸߳һ󾳽ˣҲҪâˡ
Ȼ似̫ȫͬھʽһߺѧϰģЩʿ֮ͽ
СӣˣҲҪ汳϶һѾȫŤΣⲻΪŭҲΪԪȫѪ֮籡ڵĽ⡢ѾҵԪһͿʱͬһһ㣬ʮֶġ
ݣݣ
϶֫ȻͻȻ쳤ͬ㴥һ˹
ʱѪҴ½ʱʥ߾ùƵʽͨ԰üӲգҲţסˡ
Ѫ֮
϶Ȼҧ⣬һھѪĳ֮࣬ѾҪƴﻹ˼Щ
Ѫȼգ϶ȫһѪȴͻȻоһͣƺȫѪܵ϶Ҫ籡Ƶģ
ѪǣҲǶͬӣ
Ǻ϶νѪ֮ȻȼվѪĹǿѣǾѪ֮գʱĵ飬϶֫ȴ塣
ץסˣˣʵǿΣǸͬھ
϶ĴЦ֮ʱķ
϶ץסɫƽĮ˵Աá
ʮָ΢ȻɰǧɫӡֱӴ˳
󷨡ӡ
ݣ
Щӡ˲û϶Ǹ߶͵֮С
ӡΪ󷨵ĵһʽÿһӡʵһ΢ͺڶʹýӡ˱ελӲķɱλٻԸ飬ʵʱı˿ѷɫʩչķҲǴﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣ
ڵͺ϶ԱȣʵǼɶһϡ
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󷨣Ƿӡ֮Ҳ֮һ춴֮УȻ˳׷ӡ
϶ڵԪѪ֮ɷӡˣԱȻ޴̸ˡ
Ϊֹź
Ӳ˺϶סֽţЩѵ֫ûʲôѪǵеѪѾӡˡ
Ҳġ϶ȫɫ԰ףʲôڵ˾ѾܣóͬھʽҲɻ⣬ɱ֮
ǵ֣
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ˣɷȫ
ùһöû£öûµ֣Լһöʮöɱ̻꼶ʮö̫
һĻĿ֪࣬ѶȵĲԲֹһԽ棬µĻȡԽѡ
ѰʣµĻˡ
תͷԭսΧѾܵøɸɾûаӰʣ
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׷ɱɷͬһʱ䣬Щж˱̻սӡǣܶԶԣͬҹеĵһۡ
һɱϷˡ
ȴûеһʱ׷ɱ⼸ˣӰһһƬ߲֮ϣƬ߲һۣĮ˺ܾãɡ
紵ݶ߲ɳɳ죬Ȼȴûκζ
·Ѫǹǹ֮ϣ׻֮ˣֻܶˡ
š
һͳ߲ݱֿһȫŵë߻ɳɫΪѿ
ë߱һҪСܶ࣬ǰһͷ


1437 һ
ëߣԷһֻԳƤӨӨģǳһ̦޺ò֮ǰ꿡ʵڲ˺ܶ࣬ǴֻСԳϣȴܵһɲͬѰϢ
˵ϣʮɾվ˴˵˶Է
ɫʮأȫϢת¡
㾹ȻܷҡǸ
ߣһʼڸ߲֮УȫϢαװ͵ϮյĵһʱͿˣûзɹȥ·ķɱΧм䡣
ĴǰնոЩ˱˴ƴɱ
ν벶ȸںëȷǵѡΨû㵽ǿ̶ֳȣһʼͷɷַɾ䣬˵
ˣ϶׷ӡǣƤߣ䡢׷١ɱĺ֣һۿµ׷ӡǲý⣬һֱǱ
Ǳˡ
￴˺ܾ˰ɡ·Ѫǹһʼͷ˶Էֻǹ֪ˡ
ҵʥͰ벽ԲôܻôĶ
ëսץһ͸
һΧĿռΪһ壬·УϸͿ
һذס
ǰСϣܵɱˣǱʹɱĸ֡
һɱ֣Ϣǿ֮ǰ߸ǿö࣬ˣ˵βμӿ˵Уһһޣ㣿
ë΢΢Ĭÿɷ
ȷˣƤ壬ʮΨһһһޡ
·ǻ޳ƺŵˣǸʵƺűֱߵ
һޣܸߵʵһС硣
ڵһޣ൱ڰ벽ʥ
ܺã޵õӳˣⳡɱϷұҪӮ
ûκĴ㣬ʮߣһһ֣һ

󣬾޴а֮Ӱ֣а֮ϣ潻֯ĺХ
ķѪǹ֮ϣҲ˱̵ӫ⣬Ǳ̻սĹâ
׻أб̻ս顭ƤɫˮǰڵĻһš
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һëǿΪԼһоܽɱⱻ׻ը֧ëϣûиܵϢ
ѵǡ
лͷͬʱȻеԼһɱɱͬһ㣬Ȼۣޱȷ񣬷·ҪĻԪ
Ҳ룬֮Уĺ֮
ɿռ䣡
䣡
ųصĺ֮ɢԲʮɷΧڳΪͭǽڵľԿռ䣬һ߽УֱӾͻᱻܵĺ֮ѹ࣬˵ֹ
ǣ
еذצһиȻֻж֮ٶ˴롣
ʲô
д󾪣ʱѾֱ˶
޴ˣ
ݣ
ҫ۵ǹ⣬һУ


ʱں񱤶㣬߾ۼǻǴϢ໥̸ۣкܶΪյϲ
յλߣͽӽޣͨɱݸٽһ¥
ղѩʿ˸˽̸һζŻ֮ǵĳ׳֦
Ϊյı֣Ҫнѩˣ
һܳΪ֮ǳֱ£ôÿ쵽Ԫٺ»۲
ѩŵˣѷֵһ׻֮ǵסֻҪ㲻ѳҲûôסʹһӡ
Ĵǲġ
ϲѽҪΪѩʿһԱ˰ɣ
֣պĺģʱҪСѽ
ܶǰʶ˷׷׹ƨĶգǺ񱤵Ψһǣںɷ˽ɱսֻһСˣֻǿ֣ûĹע
Ȼû뵽ʱɱռĴͻȻҵĲ
ţ˳ˣ
ôô죬Źȥһʱ䰡ͱ̭ˣ
ԭǾͲЩȥߣҪͨɱϷĹؿʵ̫ѣֻһʱͳôǱ̭ˡ
ҪͨĻôҲҪ߰˸ʱʱ䡣
˭ѵǸΪ͵ߡҲ̫ѷ˰ɣ
δܶʱʵΨһأҪģ˴һϷ˼ֵĹ߱û£ֱ̭
Ƿ׷׿ţâʱһӰ˳
ͬһһˤ˵ϣԶһѪ
һѩʿӰһ˲Ƶǰֹס壬ǶһֻȫѪͷɢؿһĶһͿ
⡭
̫ˣ
ڻ֮ǣ˵УڳѾ˾ռߣΪ档
ǽɱϷУһʱǰ緢־תۼͳģӾǳ
·ˣȫѪͷѪһ𣬵˭ĲǸڵడ
ϳˣǺɷе
Ǻôˣ
һȫľˣ˷ˡһԹľ֮˵
ٿؿڣһƤⷭԼ֤µ󣬵ʱĺһ֮£ǻԪֽͬһ޵ֿ֮
֮ǰȥʮУʵǿȷʵмȻܹһѹһشģȴûУ󵽵˭ġ
ǹĹɣﲻȫ˴ӹַжϡ
֪ôµʱ򣬴Ĺâһڶ˱˳
гߣ
Ƿ׷ȥ˾ǱȺң·˳˼Ķһ𣬷·һ⡣
úݵַļȫ飡
ǡţϴ󣡣ǺȻǺϴ󣬺ɷ׵˭ԣ
ϴҲһͳӣʵ̫ˣԷݣ


1438 峡
˶ˣֵרһ似ǵȫҲնжҩҲָܻˡ
˵ţŵĹâٶһ˱˳
˵ҡ
ȫήƤɱòϣͷɿݣƺȫѪˡ
һǺɷе϶ɣ
û
ɷһһңĺ϶嶼һ࣬ۿǲˣڻһ˿Ԫάϵ
϶ʥħ󷨣Ҫͬھǲ֪ʲôԭʥħûܳɹձ˷ɱ
̫ˣԺɷǵĳң̫ǿǲܣͬھûá
ɷ̫ˣǲûɵȥôǿĶֲǣ˭
֣ʱ򣬴˵ĴΡ
ˣ
ǲĿţſʼ೤ʱ䣬һһı̭
һΣûгԤ֮Ѫ岽龰Ӵдֻˣûκ⣬Ӧûս
˵ݺ˶˵ˡ
ʮߵеΨһһޡ
һޡߡ
ɱֳڻ֮ţΪͬһ㣬ɱʱҵһʵǿˣҲԸ˭ҲԸⱻ춢ţ֪ʱٵ͵Ϯ
ǾˣȴϷʼ֮󲻵ʱ䣬ͱ̭ˡ
ߣ㡭
ոоţ˭ˣ
ߵƤһЩӣǳĬһ˵Ǹڵ꣬ϣûгŹУˣҿҲɷһ³
꣬ǸꣿһʱûӦӦ˵ûš
˵仰ͷҲأֱ뿪˺񱤡
±һȺ˳ͣþòܺϡ
ôҲû뵽˶̵ʱ˵ģȻֻһڵߣûпܵļһ

ʱɱϷڵǧ磬Ұ֮£ڰС
ХԶҰ˻𣬶ŵߣһ֮ǰҪõûµǶԷ򸾡
ʱԷ򸾵ɫҪѿжѿȻûһͨأټʶһɱϷݣΪ´ͨ׼˭֪һɷǣעһʼҪ̭ʮԪģ׻ˡ
Ҫսֱ˳
ƽ˵Ժܴѹ
ݡ
ԷеӲĵӳֽеû£ҧҧ촽ҲˣһӵеûĿѾ㡣
ͣƬ̺Է򸾱ͳǧ磬ֱ̭
߸ˡ
еû£Ŀ꣬ʮ
һ·׷Ҳ˲ɱϷνġЩʵúܣɣԼϻĿ࣬ǻԽԽǿ
һ꣬һħߣǵλãҲƿ֮С
Ŀ֪һ£ӰһתۼѾʮ￪⡣
ٵķУ˿µԭϵĸ߲ݣеӴѹѹˡ
ڰ˸
˫ĿкһѪǹǰʮﴦվµꡪ顣
֪Ҫ˫ֳһĳ߳ȴ
ôЩ⣬ڵɱԷսɺǿ
ƴһ£ܸģħɱ󣡡
ȻһгﷶΧ֮ڣֳһ޴̣֪Լ׷ӡǣ˲ú󷨣ȴĵ
뷨ǲϧԣھԵʵ֮£ȴûʲô塣
ɿռ䣬ƣ
󷨵һ˲䣬ڵĺɴϢϯ
ǳĺ֮˺󷨵ķӡֱ룡
䣡
µıըһһ޴󷨷ı顣
ڻ֮£սǼռ˵սҲǳǿ
µ󷨣Ͼɿռ侫
һУ걻Ѫӿȫ
ʱֳ޴а֮Ӱֲ׻֮к󷨣˺飡
þ
һǹӳա
һ˲䣬֪ˣʵ̫󣬸һִ֮вµ󷨾ֲġ
˵ҪһͨˣڣڶöµӰӻûͱɷǶϣ̭֡


ں񱤣ĹâһʧӴ˳˵òأȴܵ˲СĴ
̫ǿˣᣬ츳ȫûпɱԡ
񱤾ۼǣȴЩľˡ
˽׷˵ĺɷΨһһһ޶ߣֵùע
֮󣬽˰ʱ䣬µ̭߳֡
ˣ֮ǰĺɷߡһԷ򸾣μϷߣѾа˱̭֣
Ҳ˵ڻɱϷеˣ֮⣬ֻʣˡ
Ϸֲһӵʱ䣬Ϸʱ䲻һʱ㣬а̭峡ٶȣֲ̫ˡ
Сӣڡ˵Ժܶ·˵۽ƣǸ֪һе۷Żﵽʲô̶ȡ
ȷʵڡεҡҡͷҲʵΪڣҪϷһʼʱ򣬾Ͱ˶ΪǵĴڣϷѶȣûʮĺͰͨѶȵϷȻĿܲǱ̻꼶񡭡
˵ߵļ߶סˣǱ̻꼶ôѵǡ̫


1439 ʿ
֮ļߣҲ̭֣ˣϷнʣһˡ
ڳȻ뿡˵һȽе֣󽵵ϷѶȣһͨء
쿪˵μϷ߸ʵףҪڹϷҵǶ¡
ƫƫˣָɾ䣬˼ʱʱһС
ֶΣ
ʱϷ֮УѾʮöû¡
Щû¶ߵģߵֻʮˣö£ЩѾʼɱõսƷҲС
Կʼˡԣڲſʼ
촽ǧ֮УиָնɱǣͿԵõ¡
˫ۣ֪ȥܿ죬ҵ˵һֻ
Ӱһʧԭأĳһ򼲷ɶȥ
ֻʮϢʱ䣬ɳȻͣ
ˡ
£һƬأˮƽ˾ûʲô
ˮȥ
ˮɾʱԭƽˮȻһ峤ʮɵľ޴Բ˼ٶڿնǧˮཬſ·ӵѪڣһҧ
꣡
ľ޿ںһһڽȥ
Ȼʣͷͷ­ȻըķѣѪ䡣
͵׻֮ǻбըֱӽɱԺɿռ令־ͨ׻ûܵ˺
һöûУɱĽ
ϷУֻɱߺ˭ʵ˭
һʼȻ
һ³鴤ŵͷʬ壬һöȥճһѻҽ
һֻͷͳʧˣɾع鵽֮С
ԭˣеﶼûģǻҲʵܣҲǲμɵԪάϵ󷨵ת
ţӰһһֻ
ǿޱȵĸ֪֮£ЩиΡ
ûһֻһ֮С
ĻҲʮʮʮ
ʮŸˡ
һ»ûκѾɱʮŸ¡
ǵʮ
ǰľ޴棬ͷȷʵ֮ǰĹǿһЩҲûбʵĸı䣬ɱɱ
ɱϷѶȱǸߵΪŵģĹ˵׻ǿߵ츳Ǿʵ
һһ㶼ͨĿˣ˵
ɱʮ֮ʵȻһء
ԽԽǿˡ
ʵȻ˵ҲֻĲࡣ
۵ʮ
һʱ֮󣬵ʮĸ
˳
Ϣһ£׼ȥɱʮ
ٶȥܿɱһٵȻԤУɱֻʱ򣬿ܻʲôʡ
ţʱ򣬳ͻ䣡
ռ֮תתԭĲԭʧˣһƬտĻҰ֮ϡ
ͬʱĽ£ֳһɫתЩĵ·ձ֮֮
šǡ󷨣
ͷʱֻৡǰһʿЩʿȫںУò׶УһϢɱ
ܣ
һܸͣоеĽʿγɵĿܡ
ǻڲϵĳ֣鲼Χÿһʿһʿ಻٣ʮˡ
ʮˣ
һеûʮĸʮһ١
ԭˣ֮ǰʲôģֻ㿪θˣɱöɣֻ߶ǱֻһӰյĽΪһʼɱϷעˣʮͭĹؿ߽ܶɱϷУϷûµʣһʮͭ󣬷ղʮö£յһս
ʶһ㣬ڵսⱻȼˡ
ɱʮʿͨء
ѪǹȫתУ·飬ΪѾ۹ⶨµĿˣһ׼ߣѾﵽһһŵˮ׼ҲС
ţʿ󷨣ƺʮ⾳ʮ⾳ôݻʮλ


1440 
ɱϷһصĴ̺ʮ⾳һ֣֪УʮѾļ£֮ʮ죬ҲֻǸУ֮ϵĸλ棬ʮ⾳ҲǾߺһ⾳·ĴܣҲⷽﵽµˡ
ֻǣǰʮʿ󣬶λȴɸԲںгĸоû˿Υ͸С

ʮʿĽ£һͼֳͬʱһεΧȫ
ǡ
һݣӦ˵򣬶ǵȼߵ顪ԪԪԪ
ںһ𣬳ΧĿռ䣬ʮʿʱҲֳ飬ÿһʮˡ
ʮУһΪ죬ʮһվͬķλ˴֮λã̺
һͼȻЩŵӦ·еһЩѶȵż
ĸо֮У·Ĺؿֳ˺ܶȼҪͨɸѡⳡ
Ҳʥ컯ʥӣлŮؿɵٷ֮ʮ
ǰϷȻǵһֳܷεĹؿȻҪɡ
ţʱʮʿˡ
Ǽ֣ʮһ飬۳ɺӿ
ȫתĺ֮ɿռ䣡

çۻϢΧգӿӿɿռ̱֮صĺ֮ࡣ
ȵǹʱѾԭ֮һԸв
ƣ
ǹâɨɫǹâ飡
ͬʱһ̤ʿеһֱɱȥ
һʿھԪϵߡ
ʮʿĴֻҪʮ˵еһˣԣԼٹв
ϵ֮УϤģóľԪϵµģҲǾԪϵĵˣԷзҲзƽ⣬Ԫϵ׿ٵ֡
սϵԷǿֹδнϵǲ˵Ī깥̫δ֪Ͳȷԡ

ı󣬸ֳа֮Ӱ޴аֱ֮죬׻˫ӿ£עķѪǹ֮ϣһʱ䣬Ƭշ·һϺɫա
һǹӳϯء
Ĺʵ̫ǿˣ¶ʮʿ֣ҲԳһǹĳһͣ
䣡
ʮʿµͼһоâһᣡ
ǹڴʱʮʿʮˣҲһ֣ϮɱȥԸǵĻôղȡƾͻᵴȻ޴棡
ԷκδϢ֮һɿռ߶£ͬʱڰŶݼ뿪ҲޣǴʿĹѸײڶ֮ƻɱԪϵһֻҪ󷨾ͱˣ
ǣ
ɿռ伤ҵײ˼ѹû͵һǹ̳
Ԫ۶ڰ㣡
һɲǣȫںΪһѪǹһīĻ춴ӱ˳
춴ӣһʡԺɿռǰʮʿжֻӲһ
䣡
µıը𣬻춴˾޴ĺɫУʿ֮Уǽµͼ׷ѡ
ںɫ֮бʳƬ浱
ݣݣ
öûУһղŵһΪսپӲĹҲһЩˣǿ˵̶ֳȵ˸ʲô
ˡ
ʮȱˣ󷨾ͲǰĽͭ˴ͲĶ֡
ʣµֻʱˡ
תѹΪղű궯ѪֳַѪǹֱͬȺͻһ㣬׵һԪϵĽͭˣֱӱɣµͼʧȥϵ
ʿͼÿռ䷨ͼ֮УȻĿռ䷨죬ֻ˰ٷ֮һɲǣ˲Ƶıһǹ̴ؿڣֱӽɱ
ʽͣһǹɨ˱һʿĲӡ
ʱĽʿҲΧɱʧȥ󷨣ǰûצϻʵڹв
ʿþƬ
Խ࣬ٵѹԽСɱҲԽ졣
һӵʱ䣬ʮʿȫɱʮöûС
ˣһսѾ
ˣһû£ѶȶԣгǣҲֻͨǻЩֽţһģƴȫټһЩҲû⣬ϾֻҪɱһˣˡ
жѶҪһĶˮƽǲҪš
ˣԳȥˡ
ţǰĿռͻȻŤ̶һ֮ƾճǰ
ԺУһϢ֮ƽʿѡս뿪ɱϷ硣
ٴս
һ£սڶΣ
ղŵһսԿνʮɣնɱʮˣϢʱ䣬ƽɱһ˲˾Ϣѡ
սӮ˻õĽôǽֻʲô
һʼ֪ϢһûӦ̫Ѿ߽ˡ
ɻѡٴս
ѡ֮ΧԪʱͬʱķĴһƬԹĿǶ١
һЩľȻԪģҲ·ͨûҡ
ܴɱϷؿҲãǹҲãҪõԪģڣЩԪĴ֮Уڿȼա

ܣԪγɵĻ棬ÿһϢʱ䣬гǧϵԪıȼգֲĻ棬մա
ôԪģ֮ǰĲ²ûߵԪģȷʵάϵ·תһȼô࣬治֪ǿʲô̶ȣ
ʣٴսѶһأгաˣͨĿˡ
ԾŵĿ𣿲֪컯ʥǷҲĿˣĳɼǷһȣԽѶȵսԽսȼա
ʱϷ֮⣬ʱֻǹȥһʱѡ
ʱһõ̻꼶Ҫʮö£Ҫ߰˸ʱﵽսĹؿҲֻһʱ
ֲܹٶȣһӲʵȻǿĸ֪


1441 
ǰʮʿٴγ֣һΣǵͱøÿһ˶һ࣬ϵսҲ˰ɫڵǿ
ǵΪ൱ǵͬڣǸʵѪʢһμһ䣬սǰʮ
һɻܣһɱ
ʮۼɴǵս֪˶ٱеޱȼ֡
ԪĻȼգʱͻȻӰзѪǹ̶ֱ
ûеȵʮʿԪĵֱӳ֣ĿǾԪϵĽʿ
а֮Ӱ֣׻ֱ֮֯ɱþ
ǹâգֲХ֮ӿı籡Ļ棬ȫһǹϯγɳ϶ɫľ޴У޻ڵĴһʿ
ʿΣңͼתעȫͬʱʮһʿ׷һ̤ǰֱ۴ڵһʿıϣ˵עһӭһǹ
䣡
͵ײرѣʯգŰɷĩ
ʮʿƾϣӲĿסľɱ
һĻһݣþûƿ֣ڶεĴô׾ƿġ
ǽʮʿͿסԼһȴ˺ܴΣС

ʱֻоɱӽףһͬ֡
ͼ˸ķתһݣɹԼҪͬʱʵѶ̫
¿ռ֮ת˲ÿռ䷨Ҫ˲뿪˵ء
ȻʱһɿֲֻоΧն˲Ŀռ䷨ʧЧˣ
ʲô
󾪣׹֮ǰܵ
ڵһսʱʹڣֻǱĺɿռȫѹƣ޷ʲôЧ
ǵڶζս̫ǿƾɿռ䣬Ҳ޷ȫ
ؼʱ̣ܿռ䡣

ۿɿµҧأȫ£Ŷݼ뿪ɿռ令壬һʱ䣬ȫǽڷžžı죬ıֳһʵʻĲӰһһǹҳӲ
䣡
ձˣǳĺ֮Ҳֲ˺ѿĹͷԷѪǹеһԻԪͰŶݼӲһɣ
޻ڵĳײ嵹ɳʮԶȫѪӿս˺ѣƤ
ǿ
ĨǵѪ˿ƾǿֻƤˣôȥǰʮʿĶ֡
С˻ۣҲġ
۽ʿԪĲϵĹԶƣܻƴǿҲʧܵ³
һ㡣
ͷԼþʿеһ͵ˡ
ţԼĹУ˵ǾԵһҲǽӽһһûЧ
ݣ
ʮʿٴչ˹һΣûӲӲ˾룬ƾٶֻ֮Ҫǵ֮Уƾռ䷨ǵĹǲġ
ҵ󷽷֮ǰ˷Լ
ⳡ˳־ս
ʱʱ䣬Ҳȥʱ
һս˽֣õʱ䣬ҲԶҪٵöࡣ
꣬һ߶һߵԼԪƵʣȡﵽ벹ƽ⡣
ģʮʿȻϵͬϵǵĹҲԵĲͬ
˵ʥʥű䡱Ҳǡͬ
ǰʮĽʿǾͷͬ壬ÿһ˵ʽϸ΢Ĳ
Щʽʮ⾳һ֣ЩܵʽϽµͼãиɻ
ַܲóҲǴ·Ĵܣͬʱʮ򡭡ֻǡʮ֣
Ŀ⼯ڸʿϵ֮УԭΪʥ塢塢ϵǿӦ죬ȻʵԤϵͬ
ϵΪ׵Ľʿʥ壬ԪϵΪ׵ĽʿҲ壬ʮе죬һɴ
ϵΪ׵ĽʿУܵһϤϢ
ƺǡţ
ѾϢȻħ
лͷϢ֮ȻˣǰĽʿ֮ʮɣʮɣΪʮ⾳Ļϣħħ飬ΪأΪֹһϢûеϿ
ʮ죬߷ֱӦʮһ죬֮⣬ӦһöҲħħ顢Ͽε˵ħħ顢ϿıҲһ죬һ档
ֻûܻǡӡ
߶ܻΪ棬ô磬ܻʮ죬Ҳǰ
˸ϵΪ׵ߣκ壬Ǵ塣
ͨһУٿʮʿлȻʡûв´ĻʮʿΪ׵ˣǿĵ㣬Ҳڡ
ֻҪʮ˵ϵֻҪһϢʱ䣬Ծ㹻ˡ
ʶһ㣬սѪڡ
˼֮Ȼ֧еһ֧˹ȥ
һΣûѡھԪϵĶ飬ѡˡϵĶ飬ҲħڵĶ飡
֧ʿУԾԪϵΪϤǵǵ죬ȴħϤѾѪĵز
ӡ
ֻʮ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬˫ִǧӡ
춴ӱٻΧԪȫγһɫУǧӡϵʮϮɱȥ
ٹʿĽʿ˴֮ϵѾЩͨǽµͼ໥ֻҪжϵֱӻɱϵʿ
⣡
ӡıʾ΢ͻ춴ɱһУһʱ䣬ʿ֮䣬֪ٸͨжϣ
ЩʿȻӵǻۣƺĴ㣬׷Щӡ֣Ҫٵӡ
ͬʱӽʿҲϮɱ
ܲˣһɫʯš
ʯԭֻһСһ֮Ѹٱʯ֮ϣתҹӨӨԹš
ǻԪ֮ţ
ɱһȣֻ¡һ죬޴ĻԪʯѹжϵҲֵ˴Ĺ
ʿĹԭޱǴ˻Ԫʯϣȴͬ˸ְϣʹ
ͬʱˣĿ꣬ϵʿ죡


1442 ͨ
һĻǣעȫԥĿţȼھѪΪȼվѪȻûʲôʧȻһȼ֮ڶʱڣ޷ٴʹãͻˡ
һУܲãһΣʹóΪùﵽ£һ
ĹֻһΣΪоеĽʿӵǻۣһʧܺ󣬵ڶ˷͸ѵˡ
꣡
߰ϵͨӡضϣ
ͬʱԪ֮ҲסʿĹ
ۿΪ׵ĽʿҪԮľأֵܹ֧ʿһֻ֡
ʿڰɫ͵֮µ˫Ŀһ⣬šݡһ죬ü֮䣬һɫ֮
֮ƺĽʿ̫֮Ŀⶼ
ͬʱѾٻĻ춴ӣһɲǣеԪ춴ӻ۶
йתԪģҲ춴˹
ڰ㣡
ǣ
رѣʯ͵𣬵žգ󷨵ķģҲһ𱻻춴ɡ
Էĺڰ㣬Ѿֽ׶ʩչǿʽ
ɷĳ֮£ڵħ궯
ﵽ֮ԭӵ˴߶ħһڣʹúڰͬʱħ
Ķ֣ԭϵĽʿħ뾫Ŀǣ
ħʵ岢ûԻħϢȴɢ׵ʮʿ
Ϊ׵ĽʿȻһ֮Ȼ飬ƬʧʿƺҲܵɣĹâҵĲ
û֧ͬԮʿվ࣬οӵħ
ˣ
һѪǹŻ춴һص

һ죬ʿĹ֮УâЩâҲ춴ϯʧ
ˣ
һɱΪ׵ĽʿѾ棬һʤˡ
ʤ׷ʱһĻˣ춴еâ֮Щâ۳һɫ֮ģӻ춴˳ڿС
춴ӵⶼɣʱ䡢ռ䶼ڴսᣬ˵춴Щ֮ϡ
ɫ֮ģȴݵĴӻ춴Ʈ˳赭д춴Ǿ޴Ƶġ
һ֪Ǵ·ǰ״ﵽʲô磬ʧʮ꣬ʱ䣬һö֮Ķ
ʱ򣬲ϸʱսû
ת£ٴδ߶ħϵĽʿ
ʧȥ죬ʮһʿѾһɢɳ
ʱȼվѪûʧħǻȺ
Ѫǹɨ춴Ӵɣһʼħһνɱ
һʿ籩бâЩâ󣬶۳һö֮ġ
Ե֮ĶǲԱ֮ɫҲǱ̻꼶֮ġ
ڶֽʿȵһֵĽʿǿ࣬˺ǵĴǸʵɲСȻʱŶݼ뿪ϻ춴ӵȴԽսԽ£ֻأӲʿĹֱҪһɱ
ʿԽԽ٣֮ԽԽࡣ
Щ֮ĵ֣һǰ׺Ǿǡʮ족
ʮ֮ǣ
ʮ֮ű䣡
ʮ֮
ʮ֮ת꣡

һ⾳һö֮УɱеĽʿ֮еʿ˷ģ
һʮġ
ʮģȫǱ֮ɫǻƯţֳ顣
һʮһ
֮УʼںϣǷֱ۳һռġ
öмĵɫȴǺںɫҲɫ̫ģ
˵׵ķĽһеʱ򣬿ԸһһƷ
öģɷ˵ӡ
ݣݣ
壬ûκηһзڷԼѪһɲǣ걻ĸоԺУҲö֮ĵϢ
öķֱǡ֮ػС֮ף
ǰߣʮöں϶ɣֱǿߵս
ߣȴȽ⣬սȴս֮ػй֮޲˵ģӵؾգɷ׻
֮ף
֪֮ףͻȻһһЩ롣


1443 齱
ʱϷ֮⣬Сǧ磬Ѿȥʱ
ƽʱһҪɱ̻꼶ʮöû£ôҲҪ߰ʱҪΪûͬʱӵǿޱȵĸ֪ͳʵڹĲԭ֮УѸѰҵЩɱ
ʱˣ֮ǰ˵ǸĿ̫Ľ˵𣿡
ڣû˻ܹɱ̻꼶ݣϾʵһ޶ɻܣοΪһЩԵ
£ʮû£ɱ̻꼶˵д⣬ûκѡ
һ仰ǾǸȫһϵġ
̫Ѷȴڳ߸еη
ڻ֮ǣ˵һöµ̫ǵõʮöʮöµģ
ʷҲҲɹġ
Ҳ̫ʱҲڻ֮ǵõһöû£Ѿʷ֮Уû֪ˡ
Ƕ֪ܴﵽʲô磬ʱ򣬴ĹâͻȻ
Ҫˡ
ڳ֮⣬˶̭ˣʱֻ
ôᡭʱô죿
ǵӡ֮Уʱ˵ս̫ɱ̻꼶񶼲ܡ
ʧˣ
ܣôǿ۾ɱ̻꼶ˣʱʱΪ̫ǿ󣬶ΪûֻʱĻ̫ܾûϣˡ
ǲϷоʲôʱ򣬴Źâ˸ˡ
ûʲôˣ߿ˣѾϷˣڳɱ¾·û״̬Եˡ
ѩŵʿ̡֮
عӣŰ߰⼣ĽԲ̰ǰ¶һ˿ԹŵϢ
λߣԽõû·Ž֮УȻõӦĽʮöӦ̻꼶һöӦ̫
ѩʿ˵⣬۾ȴĿҲڴ׻óû¡
΢΢Լõ̫ʵȻһķʽȴע޷
ڻ֮ǣ̫ߵɲʲô£̫֪ʲôһ˵Կ֮ǣϾ֮УʵԼ֮ϵĸ֣ʥ֮
һǽƷеĻ¶֮УٶȺܿ죬ֵڵûü嵽Ƕٸû¡
׶ٸ
û壬Ҹоֹʮ
ֹʮҲһٵĻʮҲһģֻб̻꼶Ľ
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ڲԶѩʿ˵
ͬʱ񣬿Գ齱Σڿʼǵһγ齱
ҲǱ̻꼶ĳ齱زԱ̻꼶齱ѾǺܿˣǳ·ɶȰٷ֮ʮ϶ȥģģҲֻеڶγ齱
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߱ˣֿܵĽ
Ǳ̻꼶£ϡб̻꼶֮ģõؽˡû˵õ
һЩǶħǶħ֮ͨ齱һûг鵽ֿܣֻǵõ˳Ʒ̻꼶ĶѣѾ൱õĽˡ
֮ǰû˿ԥֱӽԪע֮Уʼ齱
֮̿ٵתеķһһû֪ͣ
Ϳʼˣ
ùϣһ˶Σһ£ſʼ齱ϾÿɱϷֻܵõһνΨһһΣܲأ۾գһ£ֱӳ齱
鵽ʲô
ǶĿתĶ̣֮ԽתԽ죬ļ٣ĵĹӰӡ˵ĺĤУǸģҪõĶ
ʮϢֹ̳֮֮ͣ󼸸һһĹһķһذס
Ѫذףǡһֿܣ£
֮ܶоˣѾŪ֮зĺ塣
һֿܣ£Ŀܡ
࣬ʵôǿͳ鵽ôõĶ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˵̳֮齱Ľ齱˵йأ츳õ˼飬ȴֻõĶû˼
ô׵ųմȴһĽеЦˣұΪǵڶֿܣܳ鵽֡
ܶۿҪһЩһĽҪĿһЩǧѷҲ֮顣
ֻ鵽һ֣ͨûκ
ǾЩʧҲвֻ뵽ĶõĽҲǿʱ泩
Ȼʱɵ۵һĻˡ
˵һγ齱֮ûκͣЪֽע֮Уֱӿʼ˵ڶγ齱
һΣעĲԪԪԪԪߺһҲ֮
ڶγ齱
죡̫ˡ
ֻʱҲ̫ˣ
֮ǰв²⣬츳ôãûпս̫Ȼ̫Զ̫ʱ֮ʷϾûعеõ̫֣ǱʶﲻɱΪҲɹ
Ȼڣ¿ʼת̣֮ȴ֪ǣһʼ뷨÷ǳס
֮̿ٵת治ɫѪ֮Уȴһö֮ת
ɱϷУڶλʮ˴õö֮֮һ֮ף
һö̫ģӵֱˣͷؾգƾԷ׻ȡ顣
ȻΪ֮ףҲˡ
翣񶼲ȫŪһ»Կ϶Ǿκˡš˲޾ӻĻ͸֧ȣľ
Ҳǳ˵Ѿ
ҪۣһܣҪʮ꣬ĻۣһҲˣǾ󣬱㿪ʼ˥䣬νʢ˥
ţ󣬾Ϊþ
ڵһγ齱ʱ򣬲ѹˡ֮ף߶תҲǽԪĿľǲ鵽ö
һΣ֮ף£߶תҲԼǿԪ۶
ţȻ·Ҳʮ⾳ôþߺһ׵õ̵֮Ͽɡ
ټеõġ֮ףҲпרΪγ齱׼ģһνΪڵڶγ齱ʱ򣬽һжӵ£õõĽ
תķɿ죬ķѾγһĹߡ


1444 
ĿתĶ̣֮ͬʱҲ˾ġ
һʼû˻϶̫ҲֻǾóһʣŻô˵Ŀ
ɱ̻꼶񣬳鵽˱ȽϸߵĽҲʲôΪ㹻̻꼶ʵ
ǵ̫񣬲齱ĶǾͲС¼ˣһЩʥᱻûйĻ֮ǣĴʮΣա
֮ԽתԽڳ߶ס˺̵֮룬صֱַǡˡҲؽڡ
ȻԼ֮⣬û˻ὫĿ⼯ڡˡַϣǸûܳ鵽Ŀܡܵõ̫õһγ齱Ѿǲˣڳ鵽ˡȫǿЦĻ
ǲЩǱʶ;ֿԸڣ˭顣
̫һ̫ĵֿܣǴﵽ޷Ѷȣ˻ɣ·гУδõ̫齱ĵֽ
һЩѾĵó˴Ϣȥ
֮ǰֻ·ʱû뵽ܵõ̫ϢںУ粢֪
ڣܶ˶˼ˣҪջ񣬱Ͼ츳ãΪȴߡ
ϡ̫ģʵǿ·ıرģԼȥμȥҲֱӵõһʲĲƸ
ЩСûӹĸ֪Ȼûᣬʱ֮ѾҪͣˡ
ϳɰǧĽ˳û˿ɣΪֹ̼֮ͣתЩʱԽԽٶԽԽ
һģ𳬹һϢʱ䣬ҲζսҪˡ
Ϣ֮աݹǡ֮С֮ʯ
ÿһķģ֡
һΪʺ֮ŵķϢʱ䣬ŲĵϨǸģȴ˶ɴ۾ǲ֮ɫ
ȷе˵ⲻһģġ
صַ˹ϲçġˡ֣
ֽռġˣ
˶ˣۼֿ죬ѹеļһַֻ֮ǰܵһ˲䣬ʲôҪ֮
ܾܿԼҪõĽ
׹תҫȫ·ں񱤶֮жһգ۾
ֽˣ̫ĵֽҲΣ
̫аˣôôа
֮еĺܶ˶ۣʱ£ҫ֮еĶ˳ûȥʲôһӣǼûУûֽ䣬ֱ塣
˲ø֪ȥ̽飬ֱ¸̨
ף
зԪ
ˣūڡҲȫסˣʱҲֳжôĽţ֪ж˫۾
ߡ
¸̨ǰߣЩ˶ס۾ƵĶ֣֮ǰ⣬û
ǲֶ֪׻᲻󶨣Ҫֲֻ֤ܿŻ֪
֮ǵˣ֮ͽһЩֽ䣬ȫϢת
ʵ̫ǿһӵˡνвֵܶĹ涨Ҳֻǻ֮ǵĹضѣʱ˭ܹأ
Ҳ֪Ļ֮УܹõǼصĶƾǵʵҲܱסɱ֮
ˣǿҵ̰ǰһջǰмܹѳֵס
ǶţҲ֮ͻήԼϣҲԼͻҼǼ˶֪
кâ˸һǰȴĺˡ
У˵ѹȸ̫ǿˡ
겻һ̫õˣ׵ǣ̫֮УõΪصĵֽˣܿˣҲӵв˼
˭֣˭ܻúܲҡ
ЩˣΪ·Ǳѹ
ʱһͻȻ𣺡λСֵܣȥΣ˺ῡܡ
תͷһ̨֮ϳһĸߴʿȫӫȻǻߣϵףкܴĲͬԵøӳأ֮ϣ룬Ȼѩ֮еλܸߡ
˺Ŀ΢΢һԷȻʥΪ
ڣѾʥҲֻ˵ʥڣǰʿʥô򵥣ΪԷڻ壬޷׼ȷΪ൱ʥкھ磡
ȻĴѣԻᵢ鲻ʱ䣬£Щʱ㹻ǿ˸ǻ֮ǵĳʱѷɣ
ʿʱ룬һˮ£һӽ˺ܶе̰侲
ⶫȷʵõġ
΢΢ͻȻЦˣãʢ룬ȴ֮
ˡ󣬻һҪ֮ǵĳнΪͱٳˣǿڽǿǰҲûз֮
˵ţֻһ֣ʾҪ˵ˣͻȻеռһŤϼС
̨֮ϣʿ쿴һĻΪֻø֪һ۲ȡʲôжռ
ôھΣ
ʿЦе˵˵ͷӲ³һá֡
䣬ͻȻâͬʱڻ񱬷ԪԪԪһԪ۶
ͬʱҲͷųڵĺ֮ɿռ䱬

µΧʮɵķΧ˱Χ棬޴ѹǺѣȫѪѣ
СӣƲԳԷƣ
ڸ̨֮ϣʿȻ֣ͬʱߵļʿҲȫˣ񱤵Ҳȫж
Ͻ֣Υ߷ϵ书
ߺţЦʱˣҪΪԼĳô
þ
һֳ̣а֮ӰȻһǹ̳ĿΪ׵ʿۿֲΧ߶ȫǱ䣬ʽʵ̫ǿˣǽֵನҲɱǣ
̰Ĳ٣ǻṵ̂ĵ֪ĵزʱлĻǶȻûеֵĻˡ
ӣ
ۿ׻֮Ҫըڳ糱ˮһӿܣ±ըನȥ
ͬʱ׵ʿ죬ȴֽгһһ˸ߵɫܣһȻһֵһ


1445 ҳ
¡
µľ죬ϯ˺񱤵ĵذ壡Щذ壬بʯ죬󷨼ӳ֣Ĺ֮£ֱӱ飬彨ҵ𶯣·Ҫ
صһɲǣͺһӡ
ʮָһ˲䵯ٵӡ⡶󷨡еĽӡɱһУȻһΣֵĿȴǵˣԼ
һöӡһ΢ͻ춴ӡԼһַǳΣյľٶ㲻ѪⶼᱻӡɡɱԸⳡսбذɣ
ȻôýӡΪˡɵʿעԼ֮е
£ܱ˸֪٣ǵԴУ
ͣ
һ˿˿ӡɣʿȻһЩֱ֮ɵܵһЩɣ˵̸ϣԲô
Сӣ
ʿһȻһ̤ʱһ죬͵رը
ȻĽûþòõ׻ɱ
׻ɱȻԶþǵ۱ըЧɵĻ⣬ȴþܵ˵׻ɱӷɢ㣬þۣеСΧڡ
һʱ䣬񱤶Ĵҽ𣬴بʯƬըҷɣ
ҪĲǻɱˣҪһıըЧú񱤶ԵĻ֮У
ܶڱӣҲкܶˣǷ׷׺ˣҲɱıըನ
žžž񱤶ˮ飬ܶΪ˱ҶӴ˳󣬾µĻߺ׵֮⣡
СӣΪҾӵЦʿһӲµĴ㣬֪ȻȥҪλá֮ǰѾסϢϢ㶮ôһ˹ĶҲӲҵĸ֪һеֻҪϢҼסӵۺҲᱻץס
һߴЦţһҪ׷ȻʱЦȴȻϣ֣ԼȻҲϢˣ
·𡭡ƾʧˣ
ôܣ
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ܣ
ʿţսʼڣһϢʱ䣬ܳǧԶ
ʩչմŲƵĻܹôԶľ룬մŲҪ㹻׼ʱ䣬˵ʩչʩչġ
أ
ʿɵˣ鵽ֿ̫ܵĵһʱ䣬˰±ڣȴŪˣᵼ·ǳصĺ뵽ĺֶΣֻò
׷
ʿܻ´ʿ񱤣Ȼֵ֮ϣڶ࣬һƬңȥѰټ
ʿѾ֪Ǻãղŵĵ飬Ѿȥ˲ʮϢʱ䣬Զ˵ʮϢʱӳȥˣǾͨռ䷨ֻԶ
ԷܿѾӳ֮ˣ
ôģΪʲôϢ
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֮ǳˣ
ǡˡ
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һɲǣоΧĿռȫһȫ۵ӻ
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һ˲䣬еʿӸ˵ѹ̫ˣΪ֮ǳǳ˽Ŀ£
ĽѩʿĵλĽеԴѵסʵϣǵĿֻԼ֪黢ڻҳ£ҪʱСģһʧͻ⵽ĳʹ
·ķŸȫһ̷Ź涼ٱ
أ
ҳ·ԾԨ
ʿͨһڵأҶ
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ʿ嶼ڷ֪ҳĺʥǿߣΥԸһᱻ顣
һλᣬ´
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ҳĿ¶âָȻֽ䣬ûеһʱػ⼸ϢĳĬʿȴǰ
ջҳɿĽָ֪̫֮ĵֿζʲô·ڶУõ⴫˵еĽݴţؽֱ·йأֱǸȻ˺ͻԵ´Ӧһʼʼ̫Ľ֮Ÿң
ҳŭ֮ˣ·ıʵ߲ܵõĶڻ֮õôӦġ
Ȼ콫͸ԼȻûаס
ֱ̣
ޡ·ˡ֣ʿȫû뵽ؽ˹غش·ʲô˵еʮף
ʿһʼѹû뵽õ̫Ͼ⽱̫ѵˣ˵ʿϷ粻úҳҪûõ̫ɵĴ˳һʲôùӳԡ
ٺʱޱȽթû·̵֮ʱûµĿ˸֪һٻʮʮϢʱ䣬ڻҳ֮ǰӳ죡
ʵͷβʿĶ޿ɺǣƫƫҵĽҪֻ֣ܹʿ̫ùСʵ¼ƫƫԷ֮ײǹˣ
ưͳԻп˵Ȼڻҳǰұ⣬ֻܹڵϣȴʹ
ҽ첻ɱ㣬һǷ⿪ΪֻסϢҸᣬ⣬ӣҽʮū޷񣬾ɣ
һεĻᣬ·ǧ֮УΨѡĻ֮ǣˣ졣
òܸģ
ǡǣлʿıʪˣʵ̫¡
ǣҲһĴһ˽ץ࣬ͣץҳֿʿɱ
ʿڵϣҳ


1446 
¼֮󣬻֮ǾͿʼɭϵĽ䱸
ڻҳ֪Ѿ֮ǧﴫ֮󣬷ճС
һǻҳΪδؾһ뿪ˣڳҲջ
ҲǸҪģǾǻҳҪϢݺ񱤵յĽ¼֪µߣһץ
ÿ˶ѻ֮Ĳ䣬žǽϢˣ˴ˣôǸ֪ϢˣҲһҪץҪôʱѺҪô֮ķӡؼ䡣
ֳַ·İԵˣʵΪۣʵʲôģһЦ
ϢΪ˶žҲ뵽ѲĶС
һ߲֪õĶжֵֻǿ֣ʿҲˣȻ֪õĶѵãζʲô
߲֪ͨеĳҲ֪ϢһɢҳҪץˡ
ʱ֮ǵı仯ȴȫ֪Ѿҳﴦ
һɭֱ鲼ɽɽ֮Уһڶ֮ʱչء
ʱѾȫһӡ
һûĺڶеģò֮ͨɫ΢΢ƣ°ͼ⣬΢ݣȫֵ˶Ҳ˵
ҪȻԽ͵Խá
ӹ˽٣Ϊη򣬽̥Ǿ㹻ľ硣ݣҿԸıϢľأ뿴ݡ
칬˵ҪʱѡĲ·ʥڵʥ죡
ȥʥ죬Ҳˡ̥Ǿ
һϿԵΣȻܽϵе̶ֳȣо˾ġ䡷
ȻʥĻʿܿݣһԭҪ鹦ħħη棬ӵֱ׷ε츳
ҵıòˣҾ⸱ײμ·ɣҲȫ
ԼģվڻҳǰԷϲ
ΣսˣԼ֣Ҫõʲô
ðΣյõĶǲ֪ѵһĽܸò
һ˿˿̹и֣һգһ̵
ùöһ̣ͨӤƴСһö塣
ı棬һ֣Էӵʥԣַǳļ򵥣ֻıʡ
˰죬Ժûаֵӡ
ʲôôҲûи˵
㲻񾿾ʲôЧֻԼϸܵһ˿ԹŵϢ·Ѿ¡Ȼ㾭ô꣬Ҳɹ࣬Уһůůĸо
Ҳڿʱϣ
ţ׼ħռ֮УʱԺһûԣȴģϢ
һע뵽֮Уڹ֮пһЩԼԼ·Щ·˷ӵͼϸϣȴоһͼ
ڵͼΧֳģעͣһε֣ܿˣʥ
ôʱνӴʥ塢壬ҲѧǵԣԹĿ˵ѧϰһԲοԾס
ء
һһٵĶĸ
ף֪ʲô˼ô
״ϼг΢΢һأū֪Ǵū˵·һƬδĵشܶ߻ȥҲֻΧû˸ȥģзǳǿĻĹޣޣ٣
˵֮Уرڶ࣬õĻԼ֮ǣһдԵĵطΣ̫ߣȥˣһ
˵һ
ޡ
ΪֹޣҲͷ
һͷħеĺһͷħʼԼޡ
һޣʵһЩһЩѪǿ󣬶Ѫ̴еޣȴԸ۷ǿ
ʵ棬ħʼͷޣħеĺȫһġ
ħеĺȻû֣ȴԿ϶̫ѷɫڻԪ𣬷Ҳ޷Ԫ𲢼սˡ
Ҳģڣ֮еЩ·ܱżĵͼ
׿ƺҪȥĵͷæȰˣڵΪȥΪʱ磬ɸɱϷ粻һɱϷֻһΪѶȣǴľͲһʵ磬ֻʵҿ˲оһϡб̻꼶񣬲Ǳ̻꼶Ҳɣкܶޣɱ̻꼶ʱɵġ
š
˵ͷԼʵȷʵһ㣬ȿϡб̻꼶
ó̻꼶£УһϢԺ
£ۿʯ
̶̰˸֣νġˡ
ʲôطʵ
֮һ£Цˣ¾ڴģҿڴΧ̫Σա
Ŷô˵Ҫһ˴ˣۿʯھϰɣ
ݣȻһ˴ģȻڵۿʯԼ֣ҲһǺš
²⣬ۿʯпܴʲô󷨣Լе·ϵʱ¾ͻһö֮ģҲԼҪõϡб̻꼶֮ˡ
ŪݣڶԵ˼죬Լ״̬ѣ˶
Ŀꡪģ


1447 ż
·ġ
û֪ĵľͷݴԽ֮Խ࣬ʱմңͨʱշ𶼺ʧڿռԹ֮С
˵Ѿͨһδ֪ռ䣬ܲ·ڵλˡ
֮ǽء
ڣֻǸո̤ģľ룬ޱңԶ
ƬΪģʵһ㶼洦ɼΡɸɽиĲڹУи޳û
֮Իᱻ֮ΪģΪʲôˣֻҪ̤ƬأܸܵһɲԹۻϢݴƬصĵòѾϰûбˣÿһأÿһʯͷƾõ¡
Ҳʹ̤Ƭأһɾ֮顣
¡¡
һ׳Ĵӣǰӿˮϣȴ󺣣˸оз·̺
һ˵ˣΪȪģһ߽ģǰ·԰ȫһЩߣͿԵִ¡
ţá
ͷշףһǵľΪʡ̫鷳
ǰͻȻһ쳹գݴеޣ㿴һֻСɽľڿնչ裬ڱ˴ա
ȳզ࣬峤ʮˣȻС˺ܶ࣬Ա࣬Ǽֱһġ

أ̤һɽ£ϢתηԼӰñ񿴼
ģһСΪϣԼǲĴڣʱܶһ
׵ˣ´ֻǧ룬СһЩŻȪߣӦòʲôΣգΧޣǿһ㲻ǣ£ֻҪ˾£ڵۿʯ¼ǺţͿˡ
֪ͷһ·߹ǵҲ˲ߣЩˣҲ˵Ŵߣһȫ·
ڶߣ񺣡䡢УҪôģҪôҲģȻǵδǾ¡
ڼ䣬Ŀһģɱĳ֧СӼһϡе޹ǡ
֮ǣһͷӵٲѪͳĹޣ޹Ҳ̫֮꣬ѪŵĲˣֻʣ¹
ĹҲǷǳı֮ǰõĲ֮ǣǾͲ˲һˡ
Ȼһ޹ǣʮ˵ɱЩһ룬Ѫأ
һֵǿߣ˽޹Ǵߣ۲죬ǿߺܿҲˣȼյɵľѪҪֲ֪Ҫٴˡ
Ѫȣ·ʵΪɱ֮£̫ձˣ㲻Ҳôипû㹻ԴƽߣСߣҲֻȥԵ
٣Сӣһֱûп޹ǣ˭ˣȥĶˣ
ûм뵽޹ǵ֮Уȴ鷳
תͷһǼʥͰħߣǱͬй֧ԮģǸ֮ͬѾɱˡ
ǶͬûʲôʹĵĸоǸĵ޹ǵȥ
֪ĮҡͷûиЩ˴޹ߵܷ
٣ɱѣѻһ£ģҾͲɱ㡣
ڼ˵Ķ֮Уһ͵İħͷ촽ٺЦ˵ͬʱһֻץĻôῴ޹ǵȥ
üͷһ壬ѱ˵Ļ꣬ȴ˵ôİã·ʸ·ǰ⣡
ɱˣȴ
ƺҪֿħͷЦСӣ֪ѣǸ˵ͬܣ޹Ǿϣ
ħͷ缦צƣһצץ
˫Ŀһ˿ɱһ̣һɫĺâٿһգֱʣ
֮ǰħȻһȫ֣ڰУָΡΡġ
ŵĵͷؿڳֵһǰͨ͸Ѫ
㡭㡭
ɱڰħΧдŭ
һ֣СӲ򵥣
Ƕû뵽ڸղͻȻ͵ϮҲûʵ
ˣǶɡ
ȻӳѪǹͬʱȫصĺ֮Χһռ䣡
ɿռ֮УЩ˶ʱеȫܵһɿֲѹƣ˵ǹˣѡ

ȡһ£
˲ҽ˵Ȼһ֣û˿֣ѪǹǹâɨֻǼգ۵ʱ䣬˶ɱ
Ѫأ˷ѪǹϵѪ΢΢ҡͷɱնݣ·ˣɥĲˡ
˵ţͻȻԼʮԶĴɱըȻ˿ˡ
ƹȥ
鷳֮Уֻǰɱıؾ֮·ϣ΢ƸһȦ
Ȼǰʮ֮ȴŲ΢΢һ٣ԶĽ֣ƺͬѰ
ǴӿǱԪУܸоǽֵ˫Ǹ֣ǸղһȺںܱ֮ȵģ
ʲôڽ֣ײ˽ܣҡô
Ķã¸ôԶҲֱܷǻɱеʲôһԼЩϤһ˿ݡ
ǹȥ
˵ţսȥʮľ룬ֻǼգ۵ʱ䡣
ʱһȡڷ֮
һʱ䣬һ޵Ϣ𣬶ϢޱȵϤʮǰһ̨ϣܹϢ
ڷ֮ϢСħɣҲ·ˣڸ˭֣


1448 սеķ
֪ǰֵСħɣԾޱȣϸ룬Ҳ֡
ٽСħҲҪٵʵ֮УѾٳɳĿռ䣬Ҫ֣Ҫһµ۽磬Ҫѹɱ䣬·ȷһǳõȥ
һһСħҲĻҲ֮ˣϾĵ·ֻһǾŻȪǰ
뵽ٶȸ죬ĿԶиֳڷ˵ӰСħɽ֣֪СħɵѪ壬ǿĶ֣СħɶȻ·ʹһͺñȴ¶ƯϬ¶Ϭǣ졣
µòСħڣȷʵ˴Σ
ܼ򵥣Сħɽ·󣬵һվǳϫ֮ǣ˳ϫ֮ǵķ񷢲أڻ֮Ǻ񱤵ĵطμɱϷСħɵ츳õʮµı̻꼶Ҫ̫򵥣̫ҲѣСħγ齱Ȼûиһ鵽̫еġˡҲ鵽̫ڶֽһ֣ȡˡļֵԲһе߷񣬳֮⣬ı̻꼶鵽ĵ֡
ӣĽ֪
Сħ⵽Χ
ǿգ

ϯСħɻӳĳޣǱӵٶȿ쵽˲󣬷·Ҫ鿪ռ䣬֮ϣȼŻ棬һ޳һֱӱпһѪ
Сħ£Ѿʬ壬ЩʬҪôпҪôճ˽̿СħɳɢСȾѪĴ۾֮УǺ֮ɫ
ȻƽʱƤɰǹȴħ塢ѪҺɱȴ˲ΪһħŮ
Ѿս˺ܳʱˣɱ˼ʮˣʯѪȾúں죬Ĳľȫݣ϶ദˣĺڷ֮ϣմѪѪԼġ
ѪȺɱ¾սϣͬһڰʹ̺Ŀֲո
ȷһķѪпǷ˵ĺᣡ
Ⱥ֮Уһʥߴ˵Ȼʶ࣬ڼҵսУСħϵѪ
֮壡˵ĺᣬֺôܵ
ĻֵܾͷˣһξѪޱŮӣ˫ޣɲԪѪҩǶõĺô
ҩҲ̫ɷ羰ˣ伫Ʒôܹҩúöʱūӡģǰڲٺ٣СҪֿˣôˣҪʱūӡģǰڲ
Ϊ׵ļҵĹЩ˵ΪȻʥһĸʥ
ȻǶʥǿбȽǿģǼȴһʮֿµСħҪ⼸˵Χѣ̫ܣЩ˼ԣҲǷǳ֡
Сħһδӡȫ˺ɫĻ棬סֱϵƤϣطӵӡЩӡԿ̺ڷڵķģŴĸ׵ķ񼣣޵
Щ˸ҫ۵ĺâСħΧķ֮׳죬ϯǺ
ˣʱҲûãΪǸͷܸ㲻ɣѾڳϫˣҲǸϫǳܾˣȺôֵǳϫʥٺ٣
ʥ룬СħԶ
䣡
ıըǼΧСħɵ߱ճɷɻң
Ϊ׵ĸʥǿߣȴ˿һץߵһСආ˵ƣùֱӱճɽ̿ʥǿȴЦ
ΧЩ˶ǵū֮ĿƵģѵ֪֮רƱ˵ūӡôǣǶԸûκʧ˼ūѣȴװ˷
˳ħ壬԰˫⣬ȫƤڣʱЦţĿ̰ɨСħɵʵҲ֪СħɵǿӲƴκһˣСħɵĶ֣֣ҲױСħɷ˶һ
ūĥСħɵ׵
СħһâȻӵױȵʣȴҲ̫ٽޡ
۾˸ղ˵ˣɱ𣬡
䣡
һ̣Сħϣ·һɽͻȻϢ͵ĳأ
·һ˲䣬һֻķˣСħڸգ
ǡ
ղ˵ħʥȻһֻоΧĿռ˲һɿµϯСħɳˣˣĿֻǸղŽħʥ
ģСģ
ڲԶϫʥ˳֧ԮһˣֹСħɣԶԮѾΧκԣСħ֡
СħɲĹҲ֪һеĺᣬɹִĴһ
޺Хµĺ׻۳ӿĺصĳħʥϣҽһұСӼˣȫ𣬾ѣȻһѪ
ôܣ
оţСħôͻȻôǿ
ȼѪںڷ˵Ѫȼչŷ֮Ѫ
Сħ󣬳ֵʥ˵ţһСħɵĺ󱳡
СħɲһеĻɱħʥѾܻ߻صֱӺ˫壬ȫתӲһ
꣡
СħɵĻԪصնķ֮ϣѪ䣬Сħɫһףĵĵɳȥײʯ

ʯ飬Сħɱʯ֮Уֻתۼ䣬ұɫķɨСħվֻǸղɨʯķֻһߣСħɵһ߳ȴһĽǶȴţղŵһȻնһǡ
֮⣬СħɵıҲһ߳δ֪˿ڣѾ˵࣬ķ֮壬һʧȥսˡ
û°ɣϫʥе߽ס˰˺ѵħʥ壬һصһɲǣԶʥֵٲֹűס
Сӣ
ϫʥеϴĿȼ˹ŷ֮Ѫ
޷ˣΨһһܹȼվѪʧΪǿԡ
ȻҲһǰᣬǾȼվѪķˣҪһС
Сħڣûȼչŷ֮ѪֻǿʹһΣһˣ͸ȼվѪһ
һ֣Ѿǿ֮ĩˡ
ԣҪˣСóʲôƣ顣
齱õıһȥūӡúọ̃
ϫʥ˵ţĿ¶һ˿̰ͺ֮ɫ˵Уսվһ𣬱˴ӦȻ

籡Щˣֱħʥ壬һγһͼͼ֮УĳһͷӰ⺣֣Ӵʮ֣һ޴㡣
֣
˵ǳѳһնСħɿ׼˵ĶĿ˪ʱѾȼչŷ֮ѪˣղŵһȼգѾ˼ĸ
ڼ;ƿݵ״̬֮£һ޳˵ĳͬʱֽóһöעԪȻ飡
һַȻֵƣҪסǰˣȴܣСħܵĴˡ
ɣ
ĴЦǵٶԽԽ죬ͬǣСħɣǵĳ֮ϸֳһͼ޴ĺӰʮСħϯ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ𶯣ռ䱻˺ɽʯռ֮Х
ţ
ʥǿӦȻ䣬ǿСħɲˣһعӵʯŴǺСħ֮䣡
ʲô

ʥӦ죬һʯţ˵ٶɲʵϣʱҲܼ٣ͺٱܵ޷ͻȻͣһ㣬Լڣˡ
ǳϵͼģĺţ׼ʯֱײ
䣡
죬еĹʯ֮ϣŰɽʯ顣
׵ĺӰֱײķѣ
ȳصʯֻһ𣬺ûκˣʥϵͼҲȻ飬ţΪٶ̫죬ȫײʯ֮ϣһ˲䣬ײ߻أ
ۣ
ϫʥΪ׵ߣ³һѪղȻûбܵ˷ˣͺñһȭͷȫһǽǽû£Լȴˡ
ôã
ͻı仯óϫʥЩˣΪ׵ʥȻ̧ͷ죬ֻ֮Уһȫźڶꡣ
ֳֳǹеȣò֮ͨɫȫֶ˶Ҳ
ʣղŵʯţǳԴ֮֡


1449 սʥ
ʲôˣͻȻò֣ϫʥɫ΢䣬ˣᣬһ־ͼֵķ֪ⷨôɵģ޿ƥУ״򲻶һر
ƽʱǿܻ֮̽ģڳֵĻͬʱСħɺ֪ǳ꣬Բ֮١
࣡ҺǡΪ
ˣŮӵͬ飬Ҳ֪ŮرϢǵ٣˭Ҳ֪ϫʥһ˵ʱСħɴӳϫ֮֮󣬱գռŲƣƫƫǳϫʥһϡе׷ٷģԸųĿռĿλá
׷ٷĿ٣Ȼ˵ǶУǳϫʥҲԿ϶Сħܵһ˲䣬ΧΪߣֻӵַġ
ϫϴ˵ţֿСħһۣСħϵı飬ܿ϶֮ǰʶ
ֻҪͬ飬Ǿͺöˡ
ΪҲҪС治֪ϸ˵ֻǻһΪĹɵӣҪ֪ʯͷôҳ֡
ϫʥûΪֻڶġ
ڶֳֳǹ˳ϫʥСħ֮䣬ˣȻˡ
֮󣬲òƽͨϢѾı䣬СħɶȻǲϳˡ
ѣȰ㲻Ҫ£·ǿʳԱµˣ붼ˣʹ뿪ǿԸһЩôӲҪ֣ôǳϫʥ
ϫϴ˾档
ϫʥüһ·ߣƺԸһСӣȡһţ֮ǰĺɷҲˡ
ƳСħһۣʱĿСħȼչŷ֮Ѫɱϫʥһ˵龰
Ҫ֪⳱ϫʥʥΪȻǺɷܹģϣʵһ
ˣСħ֧ôãͷɱһˣٿصʬ壬ĿģڡߣСħɱܶˣһѪȾʯ̲
ʵľ
治ˣµ᪣ҲñСħǿ٣Сħɱȵ᪵Сö࣬ʮѵһ壬ȻǱѰ
զ࣬˴δ٣СħɾԻһҪɫ
˭Ǽ𣿡
СħɵԪϵûԪ֮ţҲݡ
ù˭ʰ˵
Ҳˣ˻Ƶ
ĻСħһ㶣Цˣ¶һԼĿɰֻڣһԻȾѪһС
õģСħɳޣʱɻЦҾڸղһ̣ԭѾ;ƿݵƺָֻһЩԪòϣʵǿ
λѣǷҪˣ
ϫʥĲǶʱˣǲܷ
Χ£ʱȳˣһȫԸ涼ʥȻʥǱȽģһ𣬲С
¡
Ԫ֮ű˳ƻֺ꣬ͬɽ
ʯţ
ϫʥɫأҪӲɢˣ
ϫϴһߴһȫԪͬһĴһ㣬ƹԪ֮ţֱ塣
Ͼʥǿߣһնǿǳһܹɽն롣
Ȼϫϴٶȿ죬ٶȸ죬Ӱһתʱշ˲˳ϫѪǹ̶ֱǹ֮ϣ׻֮һ
þ
¡¡
¶ĳǹâǵصһܿռ䡣
һĻСħɵһƿ׻֮һУǸһʽЩѽ
Сħţȴһͬһ˳ϫ϶״̬Ȼܴ棬ػսǣһˣȴܰõġ
Ȼʵڣϧκβҡ
þֵߣֽӳһɫĳӣһֱ㳤һɳӶصҪĽ֮ұ
ʱߣһɿµϢϢçۻ룬̺һ״ѹ֮С
ɿռ䣡

صĺ֮ɫϣӵٶȻ̺ҲѸš
ţ
ϫд󾪣ͻı仯ӦԲ
Сģ
ϫϴţҪȣȻվǳһֻ¡һ죬ϫ׻֮ըɣؿѪģڿѪ
վǿûˣҲս
СħĿս̣ûֱɿռиѹȣȴԼоںɴϢˡҲͨɷ򣿡


1450 ǵĹ
СħɵԺУɱĸֳӰ׻֮Ǻɷ򣬶ʽɷ򣬸ǺͨҪѧϰҪߵԣܴӻʯвǵĺɹƬϾе֮У֮Ѿˡ
ˣСħҲҾʹ˿϶ǰϾ·
Сħɲ֪·Ϊ˱һֱȫܡټ·߲֪ж٣ϰͬߣҲûܡ
ԽԽݣȫת£нƣʵСħɸʤһһѹס˳ϫʥ
۹ϫʥҲǳǿһ˱ȴӵлԪ֮ţΪֵ
Ԫ֮ţֱǼ᲻ɴݵܣٿ͵ĳҲֻһ°ˡ
˴ţϫϴԪ
ôƣκβʯţȻ鱦ϫʥеܻ˵Ƕ˵Уϫþؿڣ˵úأ˵ʱǶѪ˿
˵ĲΪ鱦עСӲȫ˵߶ʯŶܣһΪʯ飬ԸٿأҲ˶ˣûߵĲٿأʯվǸֻҪסʯţӮˣ
ϫϴ˵ţͻȻֽóһɫĹᦣһ
ӭǣ֮Уħ
أ
Ĺ𣬴֮ϣɳԹ飬ЩԹ飬ǳϫϴɱټūۣ֮УһųԹ졣
Թ糱ˮȴûȥǳ˻Ԫ֮ţ
ţ
üһԷ⡣

Թ飬Ҫʯϳ壡
Ԫ̺֮ɷϢЩԹһȥֱӾͱɷ˺ѣǸη򡢼ʮԹ飬Ԫ֮Űˣ
ԼԹôϫϴĶڵѪʱҲ˲ôˡ
ֻҪɱǰ꣬ͿԵõıͬʱõǸĿ˵Ůӣ̫
ջһĻᣡ
ڣ֣
ϫʥһϣ˷ģ·е֮ģ
·֮ģ֮⣬ÿһףܴߵʵ
СģЩˣ׻ƽĺͰױ̻ģǶģ֮
ֽУ׳ѡ
üһоЩˣ⳱ϫʥֲ֮ĻǾ͸ѶԸˡսʵʥû⣬һҪȫɱĻǾЩˡ
ϾֻҪǷֿܣһҲûУȫɱǵĻй¶Сħɵ٣Ҳǳ鷳
ԸʥѾļޣǶԸôȻûκʤĿܡ
ڣΪЩԹǰͺ̵İס˻Ԫ֮ţʱԴ߶ûȫԪ֮ŵı׶ˣֻܰѻԪ֮ŵһãһ޴鱦һԪ֮ЩԹ˲仯Ϊɻҡ
ˣҲ֮ģȻףȴ̫ģطٻ⣬ͿֱС磬⡣
Ŷ
һģС磿
Ѿڶ壬С磬൱ڳڵΪˣ
·֮Ϊ·˴Ķ˵õĻǼΪϡе̫ģС磬û⡣
˵䣬ѾȫԪע뵽֮Уһʱ䣬üĺֱ֣һöںɫķת
ںɫ̫ĵɫ
ͻȻĺںɫâϫʥд󾪡
ǡ
̫ģôܣ
̫ģһֻгӵУӵе̫Ķ붼ǱȽϴһģϵö̫ģÿһöתɢſֲϢǷƷ
СħҲĿ̫ĵĹ·ʱҲˣںɫâ壬˭
Сħɵɴһ˫һ۾תͣȤ
֪յףûȥʡСħͯĺܴԽ֪ĶԽʣԼȥ̽˼
Сӣ
ϫʥо֣ôᣬȴӵ̫ģǻкı
ȻʱѾƴǾͲܻͷˣԽбˣԽҪնݳǿɲŹǡ
һ֣ɱ
ϫʥĳΪһ壬һ˲䷭֮ĵһѾǳϫʥǿ
׺һߣ
µͬŭĺХڳϫʥı֮ǰСħɵĺӰٴγ֣ɱ
Сģ
׾ţϾΪ̫ͣ󾳽Ӳϫʥǿʵ̫
СħҲΪģģһ޻ӳΪѹ
ͬʱȴŲæ֮
ϵ磬һâХŷɳ
ǵսϧҲֻһʯš
˵䣬ֻһƳĽ֮·޵ԶţϢһڳصͭӴС
ڹӣ˰ƴϢӱ棬Ż㣬֮⣬ʯͬһ޵ĵơ
ǻԪӣԪһ鱦Ԫڹ֮ڳ꣬Ԫ̺֮Ĵֱ޳ɻԪ⣡
ϫʥĹȫ˻Ԫϣ

Ԫӱ˵Ĺ죬ۿӲܷ俪ռ䶼˿µӲһС
Ӳ֮ݣɽ飬ϫʥ׵壬ȫѪӿӿеȥ
ǵĵ⣬ĺ֣ȫ飬Ρ
ǵĹûκ˻Ԫӣܵ˻ԪӵķɣЩˡ
ôģ
ʲô
ϫϴһ˿Ѫòѹ궯ѪʱǸоȻһڣֶͭ¡
һ̣ǾǱǿͭӸˡ
⣡
ϫϴʧɫʣͭҲ鱦
ֻǹܵ˿µ˺Ǹ߶ӣˣ
ƿӣɳȥСӲӣ˵ֻһҲܵӲķɡ
ϫϴ˲жϣΪʥǿߣս鼫Ϊḻ
ʱǰĿռȻһŤһڶ̤ն
Ҳ˻ԪסĿռ䣬ʮɿռڣһӾۼĸˣ
Զ˵ʮɾʲôǸҲûʲô
ǳȥˣǵĹ
ɫĮ˷Ѫǹ


1451 ˮһս
Сӣ
ϫʥд󾪣ǵĵһͷǣСӷˣĴ֣ۼһԲֻʮɷΧĿռ䣬ǸⲫûʲôʲôʽʩչһιûüķǾξ³ʥߣҲѡô˵սʽǻ˴ս룬һӦͻʱ䡣
ο࣬޾Ԫϵ࣬óԶ³ϫʥǷ˫ޣķ˫ޣôܸʥ
ˣտռУκʽըᱻȫƴĴ򷨡
Сӣ
ԾĹһϣɱ
ʥǿ֣ʱ˫ĿâһɿռȻԪӣ
ˣˣ
֮ɢԪӵ䣬һδĵӣһ˲䣬ĺɿռǿ
ˣԪӱǿѹ˺ɿռ䣬óǿ
Ҫ֪ڻԪԪʱ򣬾ǹ˻Ԫ֮ڣֱӳܻԪڲ֮ѹʱ䣬ʱ޿̲ѹжȹ
ڣɿռ俪£ڻԪӵƵķ֮²ϵǿѹ֮£սϫʥ
ʲô
ÿµѹ
ϫʥɫˣⷽѹĿռ䣬ǵʵӲһ롣
ҪСռֻأɱ
ѳһ
ֻص£ֻʮɿռ䣬ܶܲΪǳҵĵâѾ˻Ԫڵпռ䣡
һνˮһսԼʵӵ޵ͬʱҲ˾޴Σ֮У
ôĺôǣն˵·Լģ˭Ҳߣ¾ͨռ䷨ôľǿ֮£Ҳʩչɴʩչ
ڻԪڵļսֻܻһ
սΪ˷ֹϫʥܣûаհͬʱ
Ŀأһ̣һöҴСĺɫתŷɳĻ춴ӣ
춴Ҳֲ壬ʮɿռ䷶Χ춴ӣɵ
һɲǣԪеԪ춴գռ䡢ʱ䣬ҲΪĳֶȫŤ޴ܱտռ䣬κζҪķѾ޴ټϺɿռ壬ϫʥѳʱ֮ͬУеĵâƺҪ춴չ
ǣ
Ҫͬھ𣡣
춴ӵһ˲䣬ϫϴֻñ˲ʶһΪΣյʽܱտռ֮Уͬʱͷɫ壬˵ľɵƻ᲻
ˣҲҪػ
ܶûܣǲֻ֣֣ҡ
ס֣ˣ
һ𣿡
ܲˣȻ˻춴ӣϫʥ
ڰ㣡
ۿĻ춴ӷϫʥһҧҲӳеĳâڰ㣬޻ڵײһ
䣡
µıܱյĿռâԪӵӱڣַǿ
͵ĳټϱԽһж˺ƬߵҲ⡣
ԼķоţҲóȻֱӲĹ
ڴڰһɲǣٻĻԪ칬
Ԫ칬̺ռ󷨣ɴС᲻ɴݣΪԼ׼ı
Ȼʮɾʵ̫̣ըʵ̫죬ʽײ֮ǰͼ˻Ԫ칬ڽ칬һ˲䣬͵ĳб

һ죬ֻоԼĺ󱳷·һʮڽ󴸻УȫѪ⣬·Ҫ鿪ͬڵһҽԪ칬֮Уصײһǽ֮ϡ
䣡
巴ڵϣֻȫѪ궯۷ڡ
ͬʱԪӱҲΪɾ޴ضȻԪʵ̫ˣ̺˴ĺ֮һСǣĲߡ
ǻԪ·ĴȻȥԲﷶΧأȫݣʯصĳµӲɢȥԪӲԶСħһȫ߶ԪԽʣİ߳򣬻ס塣

ףֱ
Сħɵ嵹ɳȥܵ˲ķҪ֮ǰ̫أԵֵӲ

ɽʯˮ࣬ΧɽӲƽµޱ÷գ֮ǰСħɴһϢֻʣһĳϫģֱӲ֮±һѪ
龰СħɺղŵӲζʲôҲŲµӲôģڻԪ֮ڣͳϫʥȻУһµĽ֡
Ŀռ䣬ľнֶǷˣôڻԪڵ޵ĿռУֵƻᱻ
Ƿ˫ޣǿıըҲ׶༪٣Ͼ˴þлƴʱ򣬾ųɾŵͶ뵽˹ȥĻ
ιιѽأĻԪӣСħɻˡ
ңһû˭أˣҿɲǷѽСħɷɿԪӣһƽˣһ;ԼٴСħĲ֪Ǻˡ
ʱڻԪ칬֮УһǵѪĭվսѾȫ飬С⣬һӣµ
ĺֻһЩƤˣ޴󰭣һΪûгܹĳҲΪ̫֮ػṩʮֿɹ۵ķӳɡ
͵ײ
ӻԪ칬зɳһУԪ칬תСɻ硣
ǰģѪ⣬ϫʥѾòˡ
춴ܱտռеıը󣬳ϫʥû뵽ϫϴͳϫʥ壬ǿ󣬻ȫʬڳϫ϶Ѿ֧飬һˡ
Ϊһɱʥ
ս˵ȥ컯ʥӶҪ°ͣ
Ȼһ㣬Ҫ˻Ԫµıﻹƣֱӽ֣ڼսռһЩϷ磬ҪɱǸܡ
ʲôʱܲҲ壬ƾԼɱʥǲ
ţͻȻоԪӱ˴õ졣
ιڶģ㻹ɣңȥôô
СħɽԪעԪ֮УûԪԾѣˣҲԿƾԪƶɽȴ̧һʮɴСͭӡ
أСħɺò׽Ԫ̧һ
Щ⣬Ԫ̺֮ԼúɷĻҪҲǳ
Сħƾһ㣬֤
һָԺɷע֮Уһ̣ԪƯ


1452 
ڻԪ֮⣬СħֻԼ̧ͭȻһᣬһǹԼ˻ţ
ڸղ£СħɲΪһ˭ܹ»ҲȫѪģһϢġ
Ȼˣ˵СħɲΪƽˣԼȥԷӦܻġ
뵽Сħɼæֽóҩ׼Щҩ֮Уһ񵤣ħʼġ
ȻԪȫʱԪСħɣڵ龰ȴȫˡ
ģѪ⣬ɢĶϵѪ֮УΨһվŵĺڶ꣬꿴ûʲôˣɫݣ·ղͭڼսĸͲ
СħС΢ţɵ˫ԭʹùֵ۾㡭˶û
Сħɲòϣʱ˿̵ΨҶɲĸо˸֪ʵɫƣòͨһ΢ӢһЩףֻʳһ㣬ݡ
ġû£СħֻСֵָͷϵţƺǲһϾͻµʲô
û£㣬Ͻҩɣ·ģ˲ôȫ
˵Сħɳ׷ˣͷҩ˻Լǳʲôϳģôͣ
СħɽԼķİ߳ˣ죬ҪָҲһʱ䣬һöҩСħֽһЩĽҩĩԼ˿ϣһЩʱһ˫۾۾г档
ιѽʰɣǸͭʲôӵסѽ
·ıҿΪڣѽ
Сħ汦һ˺ö⡣
֮ǰڻԪڴڰʱΪԪӵΣСħɲûпͲܿ϶ˡ
þɷټϺڰ㣬ߵӣϺɺϡ
ô⣬ûüشСħͻȻЦǰʶһ̬š˵̬
Сħɲ˿⣬ԸıòϢõʽȴҲı䲻˵ġ
ʱСħŵһڴͻȻ䶯·ʲôҪıĳһ㡣
СħƺżʲôһЦѿڴˣǿڴֻȭͷСǴ֮ȴһƤСë
΢΢һȥȴһֻСƹȫཱུģǳɰ
Сƹһ֣ͲСħɽ˼ǵ
ֵƤˣҶ˵㻹С˼ܵģԹԴ޴ͺˡ
Сħ˵ţһ£СħɵԼޣ
Сħɱǳħʼ칬֮Ů֪Լ޻ʲôƷ֣
ڵġơʵСУ̺ʲôѪ
˴ƣλǣ˵СħͻȻģӺòãģҲŶȵġ
Сħɺ˵Ծľ¶һԿɰС˲⻳ǲǲ⡣
ӣһӵǲֻսƷô䣿һõķҲֻһʱһ׷ľͲˣοǼס
ʱ򣬻ײµʲô˵ˣ·Ӻܳģ֮ǰĳϫʥ
һ˵·ȷʵٿжߣ˵ϫʥ֮ǰĵŻɷڴжСӶˡ
жڻҵ·ôԶ׼սԶһܱȵġ
ӵĵõ֮ģô䣿˳׸һЩĻش
˵ܺýһѼ֮ľͲΪ˼ǣȥԴĻƽ־ˡ
ľţѼ֮ΪͬҲԼϣһ֮㹻Ϊڶ֮УһΪ͡ĳ֮ģַһԽһˣ۶ԶֱӴ͵һָߣһǾͿӽˡ·ӷ㡣
¡΢΢һ֮ĿкܶԼ֪ã볱ϫʥĽ֣Ҳܸ֮ܵĵĺô
ˣǳϫʥķĲҪ˷ˡ
š
ͷߵԪ֮ǰֽԪڻԪ֮£ѾѪģĳϫʥʬ֮ϣֳƮ֮ģЩԻƽΪ
ֽȫ
ĸˣһ׻ƽĺͰױ̻ģױ̻ĶǱ̻õġ
еķıյȫգӶ˵ķģ֮ͬμȴޣޱҪԼõķģʶһ޶ǡ
Ҫʮָķģ֪ҵõ׻ƽ棬ûһװʮ׷棿
˵ţҡͷҪʧˣķȫϡзģЩĺܳ
šұҲûָôס
˵䣬СħɴֽóʳιСƹСƹصĽţȻܿɰȴܲСƹϣ̺δӴ
ιǷһҵǺֵǮģǷһ顣СħͻȻ˵ôƺѽ
΢΢ûСħݵıҪʱ΢΢һת򱳺ԶУһԼٶȷӶ
˺Ȼ壬ڴĿŵķУҪôǷǳļðգҪôˡ


1453 һ
ɶ꣬ԭѾ˵ֱ֣˻ȥ
СħʵûʲôҪǲһʶˣȻ˵ˣСħɵı飬ƺʶ
ѵԷҲСħɵͬ飿
ͷһ̣ͷ͵õ֤ʵ
ʦãҵˣ
Լٶһ̳
ʦãû°ɣ
һ£ò̸ϿҲʲһ˽ܡ
û¡Сħɶʦֱֵò䲻ȣЩ֣Ӧ֮ǰСħһǣôһûУֻСħΧѵ;Ϊ׷ɱɢˣ
û°ɣСħɿʵеϣθСħɽ·𱣻Сħɵߡ
߱ΪǴ
Сħڳϫ֮ǳ֮߾͸ϫ֮ǳսһСħɶ뿪ҲսĽ
ش˳ϫ֮ǳԼҲˣ⳱ϫȻʵϣӵк֮ܶģõ·ļӳɣԲܴϣȻûΣգǡϱϫ֮ǳø֮ӡǣӡǣֻжӦ֮Ĳܽ⿪ǽķϡзģһʱŪǲܻȥˡһû£ϫֿԵȥ˼ҽ֣ǹȥĻֱӱϫ֣Ϊ˱Ȼգٴδ첿Ϯ
·֮ģ߶Զ֮ϣƶĹ򣬴ǿ߸ֿҵ֮ǰٷӡǻһֱϣжСħɻصߣΣյĵط
ףӣ֪ϲٱԼˣСħɲģ˷תźĴ۾Ŀ¶˷֮ɫȻأ
šϵ˼ǣڰȫǣȻȥֻ·Χ򲢲ѣȵǵɱһȫ׼Ҳ֣ʦã˵أ
Сħħʼһı·ƴҲҪסСħɵİȫˣֱ׷ӡǣѾСħˣСħɳʧֻôˡ
ҲŲҪȥСħСһ̣ұһ·ǷҪû˼˸ű⻹ô㵱ô
ŵĳɳٶȣȷʵҪѹ֮²ܴﵽ죬СħðյѪҺһ㶼֪һ˴·˷ܡ
ʦãְųɳȷʵҪѹЩƽſɲһһѪ޺ᣬÿֻǳԷ˯ʲôҲһ죬ܹƽ𾳽磡
ðôķֻҪúУڳıӻһܳɾˡ
꿴Сħ²Ҫһ˴·ʱżˣæȰ⡣
ȻСħֹͲֵˣôý˵Ȱ棬ߣô˵ˣҪɾģϽȥɣҪˡ
Сħ˵Űڰ֣ʾϽ뿪
ʱˣɾ񣬻ǡ롱ģСʦõҲ̫˰ɣ
ǿЦЦɫ˵ʦãˣҪǳʲôʧĻҿôүү˵ˡ
ιôô£̫Ƶģ㻹бûеĻˡСħֱӴĻοɰ°ͶʾҪˡ
꼷ЦݾϣʮΡһһῡܣܵѡҲᱻͬСħһ·
ڣȴǱСħֱ˵ǆµ̫ţԿ
ʦãԹҡ˵ͻȻһ£Ȼʶʲôתͷһۣ£˭
֮ǰȻע⵽˾СħɲԶɨһǱǸòڵΪ͸ûйˣôСħԼ·ҪúܴСӣ
Ҫǣࡣ
壬ͶûʲôøУҲԸСħɸйĽӴ
֪Сʦߣƽʱ˭ϣ·¶ԸԼţΪʲôСӣСӵʲô֮֮ǰСħһֱԼһôͻȻʶôһСӣùϵܲӣ
ԭû꣬ǿСħҲƺ֪ݵӣ֪ԼҪش⣬˵
Ĵ޹׷ɱʱõ֡
Ҳ֣Ǹ̬ļһͬա
Сħ롣
ʦüõʦã·ѵҪһ𣿡
ôʲô
ҵȻҪܣϸǸ࣬ѵ֪̰ͽթ⼸ʮ弸ȴս˶ͬǶΪԴ̰
ûκκøУ˵Ҳ˿ܻ൱ָűˡ
΢΢üʵҲϣȷʵ̰թ壬Ҳ⣬ʥ塢塢ħ嶼ˡ
Ҫ˵ùûʣ·жƵģÿ֮䶼սĪûΪҪӶԴԱ˳֣
ĻͱˣһѪ޷ؾ֮УȷʵΪҪԱ˳֣Ӧ˵ߣƵ顣
ûˣǸ߰ɣ˵ҪȥСħȻܲϲĹʦµģʵڲϲ
ȥ£ۿʯֱ˵ԼĿĵء
أҲҪȥɣ
ԡ
Ҳ񡣡СħһЦҲٸʦֶ໰ֱͬС
ʦֽں棬ɫޱѿ
ôԶòҵСħɣ˱ŸСħɲ뿪Ҳ֪౧ǸļһʲôԻҩȻҪһж
ộ
ҧҧ첽ȥ
㻹ˣСħɰһۡ
ߣҲҪȥµۿʯΪʲô·
ȻҲܾôСħɺڶļһһ뿪ġ
Сӣ㵽ʲôˣ·ıߣͻȻԪ˵
ôΪÿɷ
٣һôΪþû˵ˣ֪ʲôݣ϶СħǸʶã뻹֪Сħɵݵλ
شЦŴǰŮֱϵᣬ츳죬ңͬҲֱϵᣬҵүүۣҲ֪ʦΪʲôҪţȰòҪʲôǷ֮룬֮к󣬱̸ʧ
үүۣһ£ⲻһˣ


1454 
ۿɲһĳƺţָƿߵ
岻ֹһ𣬵𣬶Ҫ۵۾оȨ۵ĺᣬζӵĳˡ
Ƴڶ࣬ͬӣҲǿܸоǰ꣬ʮʵһ˽ܡ
ܸСħһ·дˣȻݲһ㣬˵ɫһܼ̳֮λ
кܿжϣԷţҲʱ
µòǰ۵ǰ벽δпٽһĸӵоͷѪ
ĿԶ٣ЩҲ㣬ڱȻй֮嶼壬Ǹ츳棬ƽȴߡһ䣬һӲμӣȻСħŰˣǲòϣҲһ֣Ⱥ칬İҢʵҪǿǡøӢűʢҲǴεһдʡ
ʣǰ꣬Ҫ֮ǰڵһŰ˵Ǹӣǿ
Ȼгյ˲Ҳ԰Уǰé
ֻվĸ߶̫ߣ֮Ӽ˲֪٣컯ʥӶʶˣʲô˾Եúͨˡ
Ƕƽ˵Ī˵Ƕˣǵ׵˶Ǵ˵еĴڣЩţͨʥصţһСطǹâҫۣӶܡ
£ǰĶȻһԽУһţ˵仰ǶԷ컯ˡ
ΪԼݾˣԼɵ壬˵ҿҲǸʵһ˽ܣʲôʲôѪͳо֣
׷һ䣬ȴûʲôֻǷ˰ˡ
ʵʵ˵Ƕţӵĸߣƽſܡ
Էôֻʥʥذˣ˵ûȤ
СӣͨôôСħʦҲῴġ
˵ͻٿҲûôˡ
һʼкܴ⣬Ϊ׷СħɣСħֳֶ˹ŨȤȷʾҪһ·ܾ˶һ𷵻Ľ飬öˣ
ԶԣСħȷʵӡ
СħɵĳѪ˵үүħʼĻۣСħΪˣħʼ۵ĹϵԽԽ֮壬֪ж׷Сħɡ
Сħ˫޵ĺôСħɵݣһ죬Ȼһ£ȴöì֮УǾүүƺСħ컯ʥӶ飬ȡ컯ʥʵͻ֮
ħʼ޴ջǰҲЩҡˡ
£֮һΪδܵļ̳ˣ֪һ
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˺ü죬ƣСħɾ޸컯ʥӣҲ֪Ǻµ飬ҲֻҪСħδĻ컯ʥм֮ס
Сħɶ컯ʥӲȤԼ֮ǰȵǣǾȫôȫõˣʥصģǴ֮УǷЭʥ壬СħɷǴҪġ
ʶһֹԼıչأרŸСħһ·Ϊ顣
ڶһݣȻԸ⣬ȫԼȥĻǾˡ
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ֻСħɳ֮ΪƵʱ޴й˳ͬ͵ĺӣ˫ĿŹ⣬һе˹ȥ
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˵꣬Ƴһı飬ѿ޵һ֣Ȼ㲻ϺǿģϾޣ¼䣬ĸῡܣһͷΪԼޣС߶ԣζˡ


1455 
ѣ
һ£˵еѣսԲôһ㣬ϾǻʵޣӵѪѣųƿ̵һǧ磬ԳǬʵɴ⡣
СħɹȻص֮ŮȻԼޣûᡣ
ӡУֻħʼ۷ܹӵΪԼޣϾ̫߰ͲԸ壬Ҫ׷棬Ҫȵõ޵Ͽɡ
ȻǸʲô΢΢һЦ˵ҲΪˡһСħʲôˡ
Сħɰ޴ȻԴƷǳϲ
СʦãʵԽԽǿˣԸ̫޾ᣬСһҲԽԽܳˣޣԵԽ࣬þԽ죬ʦõĻպȻɸǿ̫ޣһɳʦõĵ֣
ԼǳĽСħԼޣû뵽Сħպ˶ԼģҲȻˡ
ԶƨСħȻΪãЦţʮֿġ
СħβͬǾǧ֮⣬ԣٽӴҲˡ
СħȴᷴԣƺͯδŮ֮ѹûʲôڶ׷ǣҲᷳǾú档
Ūֶ׽ŪˣʱҲУͷ۲ѡ
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Сħ֣ǱСʦã»Ǵҵ飬ÿ˶зݣҪÿζ֣ǶûˣַΡ
Сħɲ˶һۣôַûʲôȴһ֪ôҪôΪ̽ԼҪôΪ˸Լѿ߶߽С
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СħһЦӭž߹ȥԪף֮ǰ˵Ը÷Ѿ
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ʵڲ˼飬СħɻɱǾᣬûбһưȻ˵˵ֱۣĸӬûʲô
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·ߣһ˽ЩҲ֡
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1456 
£˼壬ڴΧһڡ
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ٺһЦǴĵ˵Ҳ·ЩϵھϿӡǣõһ˿ˣպĳɳ൱ĺôСʦãҪһӡǣš
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1457 ۿʯ
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ҪԿϢѹȵͬʱøǿһӡǣԲһ򵥵顣
֮ǰѼལڳֵߣǷɵǧɸ߶ȣµȼʣּҲֵһᣬԶԣʵ̫ˡ
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˲ʾ׷һԾǽµĵ涼Ȼըھ޴ķ±鿪ƻƲɵ

ͣЩԭŭƽҲˣȻ˼ҵĶ֡
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ţתͷСħɺ΢΢ſʱʲô


1458 ͷ
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֮ǰðİѼལţҲ׷ղŴѾ÷ǳˡ
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һ֮ǰһ֮Сħɶǹϵһţ
ǳһ֮ϣεĹΪҫۣǰȴûܶҡСħһŵĵλ
ʣǿʣ꣬ɱƽ֮ϣټСħɳǿԣԼ̳ħʼʣкĶԴɾģ̤пܣ
Ҳ֪ԼǱСħֻΡ
ãǾͱһ¡˵·оǿ̫̫࣬۷岻֪ԼÿһˣΪ֣һУӮСħɣܾʤ֮䣬ϾĲڵǿԹƽĸСħһȸߵˡ
ӦСħɿЦã
أԪڲԶɫѾǳѿˣ˵ûһ˴Լһ·һ̸߽°Ȼֱ˵ɿĸо
˵ǲǼӵͷѽûһͷû˼ѽ˵ǲСħ²Ȼûע⵽ʱı顣
΢΢һЦֻıԶѣҪʲôͷ
Ӯˣҿ㵽˭СħĥС۾֮ɫüֻ˫۾ôӵ̬Ҳֻ˾úܺˡ
ԡݸСħҲʲôֻҪסˡ
СħЦˣЦúܲãаСο㲻
ʵСħɿɲῡܵһǱ츳ŲκˣĽ־ҪɾŮӡ
ôȷˣЦʵ
٣Ů˵ֱСħɵ˵ȴЦãСħУǸСѾͷŮˡ֣ʵڲײࡣ
˵䣬Ѿߵ֮£̧ͷȥʮߵľֱ죬ͬһֱ
·ˣϲʮ֡
·󣬷ֺܶطõʮɱϷУǴҲʮˡ
Сħɣ𣬡Ҫأ
ҪᣡСħСһӣˬĵǰ˵ʲôǾԲܵģ
仰¶Ź֮ɫСﶼЩʲôҵҪֻһһպʲô⣬չ˺üˣһƽ΢΢֮˵һСħ΢΢һҪ
֮·շǳҴ˴δ٣Ҳ֪Ǽף֮⣬컯ʥӵľսȻţȴҲ޷϶δᷢʲô
õġСħ˼ĵͷǿʼɣһΣ
ãһ𣡡
Сħʮɾ룬ھվѡλãǵۿʯ·
ߣгڶɵ֮УȻСħɺûйĹע
һЩѾɳͿĸ棬ȻҲ֪ܼǣǴùϵҲǱҪġ
ЩˣЦĿž£û뵽Ȼ֪ĸСħһȣҲϻᱻСħ˦ʮ֣Сħɵ츳ǵ֮һ
һڷɶĶʮִݣٶȿ죬ȴɽˮһԲڣ·ڲԭϲǰ⡣
µѹûӰ쵽㡣
ߣСħɸд⣬һֻڻеĺںޱȣžֱϣ
һĻһ˲ע⡣
Ǹ֣
ܶ˲֪СħǸһģ֮ǰȻûйעǣڿǵĶͨῡܡ
ɣôˣ֣
˵Ҳܷɵʮϵ
ڳ˵ʮѾǳˡ
˵֮䣬СħѾӹ˶ʮ߶ȣ˲Ⱥֱʮȥ
һĻ΢΢üܴﵽ߶ȣ˿⣬ǣȻ߶ȻСħһĴݡ
ʮʮʮĳʮʼСħɱƽ롣
СħɿǷһȣٶʱͻȻӿ죬ֻ΢΢һЦ󲽸ϡ
龰ܶ߶úϲ£죬ʮ߶ȣۿʯѹѾǳˣǵٶȴôģ
ǾһĹСħѾʮ
ʮʮ죬һֽߣ߶ȣʱܵ·֮УÿһɣҪĲٵǰ൱ѡ
ҲֻһЩˣƲɵۿʯѾˡ


1459 
Сħɵ߶ȣ˵Ĺעʮϣѹ߶ȣÿһɣҪӴ
жԪ
ҪۿʯˣʮĵۿʯѾԶˡ
ѵ˵Ҳڵۿʯһۼ쵽ʲôӣһ۵ۿʯ
˶еͬһ㣬ڲԶĿƵĶϾͻʮҲ߶ȣһѹġ
СӡȻӲĲСħɰҾͲţ㵽ڻʮĹؿѶһ㣬ĻڵۿʯºۼҵҪ
Ϊɵʮĸ߶Ǽޣȴ룬ۿҪɵۿʯˣٶСħɱһ¡
Խܡ
µһȷʵ˵ѹ
޴ѹ£СħȻһͣǸо·Ȼײһǽһ㣬µϢʵ̫ǿѾʵʻˡ
ڿʼеսˡСħЦţһۣȫð˺ɫĻ棬ЩСħȫһ̣ͬһǣֱɶϣٶ
򼤻ڵĲ֮˫ұȻһ̤֮ͬһʸһֱɶϡ
ͬʱһӣѪǹʡ
꣡
ǹӳǹâ˺ѹϱڣ϶ͬһֱϣٶ
ʲô
۾ЩֱˣſʱԱҲΪĹͶٽޣȴԽԽͣԽԽ죬Ȼ֮ǰ˴ʵ
ôᡭ
ˣʵ֮£ɳôߣʲôˣ
һֱΪ·ıߣ˵ĸоͺͨڶ˶Ҳŵͣ·ɱޣҲǿžȡɣ㲻ʲô¡
ڣھϵı֣Կһˣ
СħЦſڵۿʯ޴ѹ֮£ɻЦʵľ
ȻǱˣһûⳡԣӮˣ
Сħ˵ţȻһӣһ֮£ɫĻ£ȶһ㣬Ȼθߣ
ʮĵۿʯһƣ
СħȻûдºۼϷȥ
ۿʯֱһһ߶ȣºۼײºۼȴǲ𼫴СħȻײºۼҪ̾Ϳߵ㣡
ҲĴ㡣
Сħɳʮ߶ȵɲǣо·̤һƬȿռ䣬ߣʱշȫŤͬʱһɿµϣӲֹסƣ
ǿʱշۿʯȻЩŵ
ɿֲ裬СħɸеѪӿȫ궯Ȼ֧ţȴΪôȥǰʮɾǼˡ
壡
Сħ˫Ŀ֮һ˿ĿâͫʱϺɫƺȼ˻档
һ߿ķСħ󣬴ĻԪ籡һ˫ɫķᣬСħչ
˫ɫᣬչȴﵽһߣǳߵĳСħɵԵýС磬Ա˫ɰ

ĻԪ˺ףȼգֻӿĻ𺣣նӳյúڲӲһƬ
СħɣСħɵǿ״̬ڰŮľ
һĻµ߶ˣŮҲ壿Ѫ̺޷ݵ֮˸ܵϢ̲֮סҪĤݡ
Сʦ̫ǿˣû֣ʵֵزҶĶˣҵ䣬ʮ꣬һţĪ
ò̾ͬʱСħɵҲңǰĽ֯
Сħɱ֮ۿʯѹ˫ӲƿƲɵƣֱɶϣ
ûֵĻ䶨ˣ
Сħһ
̾Сħɵķ壬죡
һ̣ȫ磬̤ۿʯһֱ̲ае׻֮Ȼ
󣬸ֳа֮Ӱ
а֮£ͬʱҲ˰Ŷݼף뿪ӿԪȫȫǽžž죬һ紺׵ĺ·һڸա
һ˲䣬ڽϵǹⶼһǹӿ壬ڻ۵ŴѨγ˾ŷ
ոոֳɢΣ·ûгֹǵǾ磡
ħӣʹ˵ǵż̤ǻԶҲѰİŶݼܹ˵ġ
¡
ֻһըľ죬Ŷݼ׿µһޣȻ˳ȥֱ׷Сħɣ
һһ
ʮ߶ȣۿʯڵĸ߶ȣ಻谭ǵĽŲ
⡭Ѿۿʯˣ㣿ҪѺۼڵۿʯߵ㣿
ʲôˣ֮ǰǸѾ̬ˣڸһȣֱ֮𡣡
ǾţСħɡһȣȷʵ̫࣡
ʵʵô࣬ǾµۿʯȵǱ츳仰˵δĳɾͣ
Сħɸûκοɱԣʵ̫Զˡ
ʱǸԾһĻˡڵۿʯϵĺŮͻȻԶˣ
ݣ
Сħһ޻ӳĿĻХ裬˲佫У
һĻȫ߶ɵˣǿǵۿʯڵĸ߶ȣʮϣǸ߶ȣȫԸֿܵۿʯѹֱѪǷһŮȻܣ
Ҫ̫ˣ
ۿŻϮüһ͵Ϯң
ֻǱ˭Ӯû޶ֶΣҲ˵ֶãΪʲô͵ϮСħɿЦţΪĴ󲿷ֿۿʯѹʽǿֱֻ̺仯˺켣
Ȼԣȴ⣬ǹ٣Կ쵽¡
׷磡
Ѫǹӳɫĵâ˸һǹ߳飡
ҳ֣Ҳζܶˣʡ
ȻңӮҲû˼
ţʵսܱȵùңֳַѪǹ
ǱȲġأһʽУǡþһкʺԣӮˣ
Сħ˵䣬ӣС췺һȣС¶˳
˫Ȼչӿĺ׷ת
ħ
Сħ˵ʽħձ˵ΪԼãڵۿʯ֮ǰ˾ųɵֿۿʯѹˣʱܹնԷԪΪԼãռݾԵ


1460 پ
ħֵһɲǣΧԪȫСħɻ۶ͬڵԪѪ֮Ƭȫܵ
һʮ꣬СħɵħһʱѾͬն
ħնԷԪ֮ҲʱգСħɶõǺһ֣ǰһ̫ΪȻá
һ֮ǰһָǿ
˶ٽʮ߶ȳľ޴С
ھ¿µ֮£ܹʽֱ
ǾȻʱ֣
ֿѹǻս˵ǲôôų̣
ܶ˶ע⵽Сħɸһ߽һ£;СħɵЦβס֤˵ĹϵӦòڵ˾ʮ߶ȣǾȻ֣ʼδ
Ҳڴıɡ˭µӡǸλøߣΪӮԷԾͳˡ
˲µСħɳֵԭֱˡ
Ľˡ
ֱ˱ˣˣƴƴĶ岻ۿʯڵۿʯ֮ϻҪƺǶԣڵۿʯѾûκսԣֻиͬȣͬŵ¿ºۼս
СħħУۿʯֱЦ㻹ʲôֶΣٲóˣ
ħԭˡ
ȻϵһУħ֮͸оѸٵߣΧѹ
ħʼ䣬СħΪħʼֱϵˣӵеѪҲһศɣ
ǴҸоѹˣ
СħɵĽЦۿа֮е֮ѾԶԿħһ磬춴ӺХ
춴ص壬Ҳǿڻ춴֮ڣǹҲ޷ݡ
һɲǣСħĺɫ֮ڣһ󣬸ֲУ
УһƬתͬһбķɾ⣬˺СħԭħУ
ʲô
ħһɲǣСħɣСһףȻ˿
ħǾ䣬Ȼķ󷨣ȴѾķ룬Ĺ
ˣħͷȫͬʵĹ߶޴УȻҪһϸ¡
ۿⳡͻ䣬ԭռϷСħɱѹƣǾ춯صĺɫУΧ޲ɫ䣬ڶ˶ˣҰУʣһƬľ޴Уţȫ޷ܡ
ڻ춴ӵľ޴֮£СħħڵûüʹãȻųˣСħɶٸѹ
ݽҧ޴ķ磬ǿ籩;µľ޴ѹסӡ
⹦ǡСħתһаܸСħɲûʲôɥ֮ɫ⹦ıĿ֮һ˿˷ܵɫʡ
ǸһʽȻе𣬵Ϣˣһʱһ˱νλνƽ֣ȻǸ̬٣Ȼƭ
ΪֹСħɻ϶ݣ׻֮ɷټĻ춴Ѿ㹻˵
Ŀ̫࣬޷ײ߲֪ж١
޵ķ򣬶ϡз˵Ƕзܸײˣټֳ츳ǱǾ͸ˡ
̬ȻǱ̬ʮ֮Ѿô࣬Ȼû׷ɳҲ̫ˣ
СħţеĶȴţȻ춴ӵ֣һս֮
ơħ
Сħɽħ۵ѹһֵͼȻ
䣡
ֻһ죬춴ϱڣСħӲ˺һӣô˳
ݣﲻˣ
СħӰһֱɵۿʯߵȥȻղŽռ·磬˲ٶȲ죬Կѹɡ
СħսţҲ춴һգֱߵȥ
ۿһĻڳ˶оЩľˡ
ôңǻ𣿡
ˣǸղŵĽֿƼңʵֻѣԪĽ͡
ڳߣҲ֮
˵ĲСħɶǾ˽ܣڵۿʯǰҲӵۿʯѹ
õʽԽԼΪǰᣬǿƼҵĽ֣ҲǶѣգռϷ磡
ž޴ѹСħɣͬʱ˵ۿʯߵ㣡
ʱҲɣǸԾųϵֿۿʯѹ
Сħһ֣ۿʯļ̶̳ȣСħֻûצȻһצ£ӲĽһСʯץ
ۿʯȻӲСħټԪעץۿʯҲѡ
ʯ飬СħȫѪӿӲһйֳɷ磬ʯһƬƬı˺£ÿһʯĴСѷɫ֮ǰһצצۣ
ͬʱҲָǹһǹָ˵ۿʯ֮ϣǹâָ־һ񽣣֮ʯм׷ɣѾǵżǿȣСħɲԪСħ࣬˺ʯмСħй֮޲
˸չͨһ֮󣬶û֣ڳĹ
˶ڼ򵥵ºۼڵۿʯϿ֣
Сħɿµ֣һ߼µ֣һЩ
ھ¡ۿʯºۼʲôУһ˿һ򵥵ӡǣѾǳֵҪʮ
꣡
ʯѵĿģСħɳ磬ͬʱɫҲ΢΢԰ףȻļ
ֻʮϢʱ䣬һ˾֮ϣһɡ֡
һԣֵҲһɣԼϡ֡
֣֡ߣ裬һƲһ࣬һһһ㣬Զƣ˿һ۶ҪϢˣ·ֱ̺أһ״й
֡
ʱѾ˲ȥ̾СħܹڵۿʯϿһ߼Ĵ֣Ƿ׷ױֱ̺⾳
һɡ̺鶯ƮݵϢһ֡ϻǹֽӳǧ
ǲ󱲡ס˺ŵۿʯֵʱû֪ڲԶŤռУ˫۾עž·һС
ڳϫ֮Ǻͻ֮ɱģˣ
һӵз壬һǼ̳˾ǿߵ²ˣǱ
˼˼ʮĴܻ棬ıĸ֡
̸ţûˣʼգ˵Ϣ·ռȫںΪһܲ


1461 
ڵۿʯĶˣСħɿ¡ɡ֮Ԫ˰˾ųɣάƽ⣬Ƴһµġ֣֡ɡ֣֡͡С޼һ߼Ǹ֣֡ʼʻپ̺ǿҵ֮⾳֮ϣʤһ
ս꣬ξɱ۵ɱ⣬ζӦϣⷽ棬ħʼ칬ûо̫СħԶȡ
̬ȻǱ̬ǱȻҲôǿ治֪ʲôܡСħɺܲӵз壬ʮʹﵽڣսʮĶˣ츳ǱϣȻûӮĸǹˡ
޷ʲô̡
һ̣ۿʯͻȻɫâЩϹתյ˫ۡ
ʲôСħһٽˣ֮ǰħĻ춴ӶԿ˴ĺܴڱͻȻֵһգֻоһ֮һӿ֮Уһʧȥƽ⣬Ҫȥ
ʱȻоһᣬ첲һֻסˣһԪ֮ӿ֮УɺԵ硣
䣬СħܸоʮֽʵָÿҲ֪˭ԭԪͱ֮ǰĶԿռ˱ˣڵȻ
Сħɵֻһ֣СħעԪ֮Сħɵľ룬봫һСħɵʱ򣬵ۿʯϷһĻȴסˡ
µˣʱ㵵Ŀŵۿʯ
ڵۿʯ֮ϣЩ˸âջ۳ɽɫĹ׾壬Щڵۿʯһһɢһ֮ۻң޷ֱӣ
ֻоЩ壬˫Ŀʹ·һ۾Ҫʧ
ܶ鲻Խı˫ۣЩ۾֮Ѫ
ʲô󣿡
Ϊڵۿʯߵ֣Լ󣿡
ܶͷУһʲô˲õ鷢׼
ŪЩʲôЩɫдЩʲô
ھ²Զƴĵɴ˫ۣҪۿʯϵּ
ĸоЩɫӦʲô˲öµʱ򣬾˵ܹԼֿڵۿʯϣܵۿʯϹ˽˵ļӳ֣һֱӵõ
ڶɣЩ˸Ľɫ֣ǽݣ֮˵ʲôջ
Ȼƾ˫֮ϹעԪҲ޷Щ֣޴ѹ˫ĿѪͣƺҪ鿪
вʣ۽ǵѪѾȫѣ˫ĿʺһƬò۾۾Уתø֪
̽ʶҪ̽ۿʯ˸壬Ȼʶòͻƾµѹʮ߶ȣȻӴۿʯһ˲䣬ֻоԼʶ·޵ԹУ궼Ҫ

ҽһͬҧһջʶȻһ£ȴѪɫ԰ף궼ˡ
ۿʯ·񼣣˭ʲôΪҪսĹ򣬶ܵۿʯĳͷ
ʱڸ߿֮ϣСħɣȴĿۿʯ˸ּ
һֻĸ֣׾â֮ţͬȼյĻ档
ĸǡ顱
ĸ֮£һθС壺ʮ죬ç־Ѱ£ʮ̤ʮ죬ʮһһһһѰ
Ȼķھһ򣬺ܿ·˵Ҳ
ϧֻԣǶ֮ȴ
У·ΪѰ£ʮʱ䣬߱ʮ졣
ÿһ죬·˶ӡΪ㿪ʼʮ
һһ꣡
һ֮ڣӷ޳𣬶
˵ģһһһһ񣡡
Ȼʮ꣬·ˣûдﵽҪĿ꣬ۺʮǸоȱʧʲô
ʮƺȫ
·ʱ䣬Կһ硪·ԴԤԣΪʮ֮Ҳʮ졣
ֻǺ죬ΪԭδܳɳܻǱһöӣ
ܹöʮ͸䣬£ܹԼġ족Ϊ֮
һԣоз޷
Ȼ֪죬ħ顢ħΪصϿ
ʾöӣ
ܹȫݻܼʮɾ
ҲǣԽ񾳽磬ߵµΨһ
·ˡ̫ˡޱȣ˵·˾ٻʮ꣬ʮһһ񣬶꣬·һ磬ʲô
Ѿ·˵ľˡ
ˣںη
ͷʱ֣ۿʯ֮ϣǶ֮󣬿ʼһλɬޱȵĹžڹž֮£д·˸
Щžÿһ֣̺⾳Щ·ۺʮ
һ𣬹˲ȥ·˵飬ʼרļЩ֣
һԣСħͬҲˡ
ۿʯֵЩ֮ǳ̣ȴ̺ӴϢסָʲô£Ҫסе⾳ȴҪߵԣ
ǡǡСħɣԾ֮ˣ
̶ʮϢʱ䣬ֻмٶѡ
ֲǡ顷ݣûнκһܸ٣Ȼû漰֮Ҳ
âȥ֮СħɶһۣӶԷп˾ºȻ֮ɫ
·µĹ
ƺˣֻһ죬⿿޷
ʱڸ߿֮ϣѾܲۿʯѹڿзǳףƺѾõ˵ۿʯȫϿɡ
ͷɨһ·ڸղŵҫ֮£µǱܶ˶ˣ۾ѪģЩͼʶ̽ݵ˲˵أ귽ơ
ֻǲſˡ顷˼˵˿Ӧ·µĽˡ
Ҳ֮У·ˣȻƾĴ䵽һ˵УǾǱˡ
ʱ΢ӵۿʯֱ䵽СħɵϣûǶе֮Уһ̣ö·˳΢нܽ⣬ö֮ģ֮ĵɫȴһʼ²ıɫǺڳɫ̫ģ


1462 
ۿʯõ֮ģ·
Ȼ󣬻õ֮ӦǱ̻꼶Ȼڣȴ̫
ˣСħҲˡ
̫֮ģѾǻõöˡ֮ǰ֮ػ֮ףڵĵۿʯģ
ΪҺСħڵۿʯĿ˸Ե֣ԭı̻꼶ģ̫ġ
ţʱöۿʯֱӻһ⣬֮У磡
һɲǣоö֮ģ罻ӳһ̣ͬʱһɾͬһȪ壬ͨͬǣ߾ҲѨѪĤɢαȫ
֮ԪԪԪͳͳΪãԪĴԪĸͣԪƮ鶯ЩԣУֻһůůģȪһĶ֮⡣
һµ·͸ʮ·֮
ȫ󣬻۵֮Уʼı߽硣
ͻȻȻһ
ѾڶΪչһ㣬ͻֱ̤ڣɻűеĵ䣡
֮Уĸоʱ򣬵ۿʯԭʧٴס塣
Ȼ֮ǰͬǣǰ޴ѹòתԿѹ
ڵȴһݵĸо
Χγһļ룬ı֮£·صĸӹ֮Уȫ£˵ˬ
Уƺ߽ߵĵطСħҲ֮У˫ĿգСͨ죬ëĶţǷһ΢ЦĻȣȻ֮
֪СħҲڷԼƵı仯ڶҲö̫֮ģڣЩ֮Ķתһ
Ȼ֮ȴڵԪԪԪںϣΪЧ
֪֮ļֵߣ·ĺܶߣѹûдȥμɲϵѼҪǵˣһ׻ƽģѼֵǣϡб̻꼶ģʥᣬ̫ľ͸˵ˡ
ԽǸƷʵ֮ģԽмļֵǻĺôٶȡѪ֮ˡֱӴΪߺ;ͻƣ
ʱСħɣǽĴϣǱں֮УŽɱ䡣
ڲԶ߶һĻʱԴٳٶ۵Ҳ³žǵۿʯߵĺôˣ
УԭСħɾǾ콾ٵõĺôʵһ¥ʵ˼ʵɱ䡣
Ⱥ֮Уսȭͷ۾ƵĶŸСħһɫѿ֮
СħһɱĴԵĶʵĵѪ
Ϊʲôң
ݽҧ룬յµ緢ݲİѼལڣֱһЦˣЩ˱ȣʲô˼
ңܲ˵ǣԤеٸôȥݣ
·һԵͿûʵûȥõ
ǿǿĻᶼûУֱӱ·пĴַ̭
ȻҲòϣʵˣҪ˦ʮ֡
עһȥĻù鶼ҪָԼôȴˣ
ô˦
һ׹⣬ΪָĿУһ
˵ʲôһؾ߱ǿ׷ɱô˵汳ˣȴȫ
˲УʵҲУһ飬ĲԼˣ
ʱ·ؾ֮УֻʣСħˣֺ£ռָ廳ԼǾԲܵ飬˵˵Һиɵڻңųȫ
£ٸСħɷʲôĻ
Ѿ޷ȥˣøҲۣҲۣӶŤ黨ȷһ飬Σܸȥˣ
ڶ˼ʱʱһϢһϢţܿ죬Ѿȥ˰ʱ
ʱСħɵһֱڵۿʯ֮ǰԵļԽԽ񣬼γһռ䣬ˣȫСħˡ
ʵĴ룬ΪСħɺṩշΪĳҲΪṩõıһ߿ۿʯҪɵʮ߶ȶʮѣοҪͻʵĴ롣
У·һޣƺ־Լʱ׮龰͵ľ׮һȭһȭӡȻ֮׮϶ǰ߰ѪûҩĵĻ˻Ե˵պ²м
Ȼһյļ֣һյվͻƱΪ߷ˮڡ
졢졢һ·ĶҲԽԽǿ󣬳ؾҲԽԽΣա
֪ٴγıԵʵԽԽǿΪԽԽߣֱ߳ƣݺ
Ļþв֪˶£ֱĳһʱ̣Ȼ
ʱȻ֣ԼѾٴչѾڣ
ڣֻһ֮ңζһɱ䣬һؼԵľ硣
Ҫ֪컯ʥҲֻڶѣ
ܽڣȻܵв컯ʥӣпʱ
ʱҲٿԱ
תͷСħһۣȴСħûɱ䣬һ˫ںڵķ壬ͬһĺʹ
ʱѾ£շǰףҪˡ
ʱСħҲչ˳ü֮䣬·һŻȼգͬʱۿʯǰĴҲųĿĹâ
µ߿һĻǴ˾֪СħҪˣ
ҹһУȻҪ˽ֵһڵۿʯȻСħɱһͲֵһˣעպ̸У
ۿʯõ·ĽСħϣֱӵõ֤ʵ
â˸𣬶ʳ̫½ɫĹԣӳСħϣʹôʱƼͬ·Ůһ㣬âҫۣ
Ƕ˻£µһҹǣǶˣ𺳣޷
˽ܣͬʱڵۿʯˣ¡ɡ֡͡һ߼Ĵ֣̺⾳ͬУ˿֮򡣶ڵۿʯ˫˫ͻƾ磬ڡ
ν񼣣Īˡ


1463 ӵ
СħɴӵۿʯϷܶ߶Ծÿһ·ǿСħɵĿ⣬һ־ηĽͺСɽĺӿǻӵָо
һ԰ɣͯŮ
޷֪պĺ츳ﵽ־硭
ӦʥصĴˣҲʥء
ܱߵۣǼƣ˿Ρ
Сʦãϲˡ
Сħ߹ǿһ˿Ц˵
ԭڶ壬Ϊߵģʵȴġ
СħɺﵽڣΪѾˣһʵǺĵףһգҪǱһĻûаĿܡ
߰ɣ˵ز˾ɨһ۾µߣ˵Сħ֮ǰ̫ߵܻ˵ע⣬ͻ侳˲ʱ䣬㹻Щ˰Ϣݳȥ
·ǿʳ磬㱻˻رǾͺױɱԽ֪Ҳգ
ţߡСħɸոʵһأܺá
չѸȥеĹУĿ˶һۣڸղ˵һ˲䣬ĴӶϸܵһɺ⣬ɱ
ϰη򣬸֪궼ޱҲܲĺ⡣
һʼֻ
Ϊ˽⣬ֻһƽС󣬶ΪʲôвԱ񣬵ǻûҪɱ˼
ڣɱ⣬ĳ֣ܵ˼ввԼСħɵĸչһвԼˣ
ãã̤Уء
ԽԽоⳡ·֮УϽ࣬ҪôҪôСħȥ
ѾԤǽҪȥվԽԽֲΣԽԽߣȥõôֻΣա
Сʦá׼·ãڱϫӣΣգǵȥˣΣջԽԽ࣬һиʲôʧ
û˵꣬Сħɱ㿩ЦҲŲȥ·ոտʼˣôȥҪȥԼȥ
Сħ˵꣬˷ܵȥ
ֽѾϵˣСħɱĺָܴոյõ˺ôȥôܣ
ǲģСʦáǸļһһֱǣӦ·ߣ֪еͼ죬ǴʲôأݺǣɱԽĻʵռݵƣǸ⣡
·Ʒδ֪Ҹо⣡
ȰСħɻת⣬ֻ˶ΣҪ˦ˡ
ûҲûм֣ƾھóһŵĻ춴ӣʵûʵϳ
˶ĻСħаЦѾ֪ݣȻΪѹԼСħɶܲˬʲô·ͼ족ɱԽմϰϵ
СħȻͯδ֪ʵܾȻܿᡢԹ޺ͼʣǿҵĸѾ޷һ𹲴ĵزˡ
һ¡
СħѡһͬеĻǽԶ׼Ȼ
ʵӽ츳Ҳӽһ𣬲Ÿʺ·
ĿٳɳպȻЩʱ򣬶ȡ
СħɶԶҲûʲô̫飬Ҳͨʦã솪µ˶֮òЦĬԵȤöࡣ
Сħɸһ𣬻Խһε˼ɲ
ҪԼһ˻ȥɡ
СħͻȻ˵仰صĴ˶ġ
Լһ˻ȥСħȥ·ܸģ
Ѿ˽ѵľأСħɲУԼһߣҲУ
һУ͡
ڶޱƵʱȴϸĵĹ۲ΧĵΣԶСħɵĽȫûᡣ
ģ֮г鵽ǿ壬лŹϵĵͼұעĸ֡ء
˴ģۿʯֻ˳ģҪҵǴأ
ף˵ǰһǧһǳأΪǣ
ԣǼʢߣѡΪ֮أҲʹޱȷ۸ĿҪȴΧĻ֮ǡϫ֮ǡԪ֮Ƕܶ࣡
ã͵һվɣȥһЩڵ鱨еĵͼ
㣬ߺ󲻾ãھ£ۿʯ֮£һȺ֮͡
һȺˣʥΪħ塣
Ⱥ֮Уһ꼫ΪۣĸݣòӢ˫ü罣бޣ˫ĿϸͬҶɵȫ͸¶һɵа
һϳˣǡ᪣
һս֮Ҳ·ʥ·Ҫձö࣬컯ʥʵʥضԣ·״ӵıؾ
Ǿ£
һ˵֮˾˵Ŀ⡣
һˣʵ̫ǿǵУȻнǿߣ
·ΧѾһ֮ˣ˵ãͻȻھ£ʱúܶһ
ÿÿ
᪵ӶȺȵȳ̫ͬӳУ˵ȣȻܿ
ܿ죬֮λãֻʣµһˣƽ߶ÿԶȻвˬҲֻøŭԡ
ʲôˣôų
˵ǵнǿߣЩˣҲʵʮ˵ãǺܿʥس⼸ôˣۿʯų֣ЩˣҲӦİɣ
˵ţһ˵УῡԾһϵۿʯһ˵ãǸɳʮĸ߶ȣӡǣˣʮۿʯֻһ֮ң
֮ǰúĵۿʯҲôᪿһЩʦܣ˵ۿʯоҲˡ
ӵ£ݴڵۿʯߴԵõĽĪҪģȻҪѽõ
ڵߣһ߹˵Ϊͨ硣
컯ʥʵʥأͨǿߣֻųϣҲǹܼһĽɫ
ߴ
ЦЦ̧ۿʯµĺۼ
ڵۿʯߵ㣬Ȼһ߼Ĵ֣һ̺鶯֮ġɡ֣һ̺ɱ֮ġ֡֡


1464 ޷Խ
֡
°ͣרĵĴһɡֺһ֣֡ۿʯϵּǱ˪һµϢµ֣ʼ£Ȼǿȥá
˼
ǷһȣǸ֣֡һˡ
Ȼ϶
˵Ҫۿʯߴǳѣˣǧ꣬겻ôۿʯô֣֮ǰÿµģۿʯҲ˰ɡ
Ц˵Ż˽⣬ֱ֡µģǸɡ˵СħɣѪҴ½һսûܼСħɣֻ˵Ů츳
Сħֽ׶εΪʺ·ѪҴ½֮սֱӽ·һ㶼֡
ȻСħɶڵۿʯߴôԼҲһ㡣
ϾѪҴ½һսȻвʵʼգδѹ׶Σѹ
ֻؼʱǹŹֵʯţͻȻϮǿĳײֱײʯϣûشԼײѪ¾תſս׶Σʤ
ϾΪоԵš
£ΪԼ츳Ǳʵй֮޲ڵۿʯԼ͸˵ˡ
οСħһŮ˶һ㣬Ǿ͸֤ۿʯѶȲˣûСħɣƾһЩźʹ꣬Сħ츳ᳬ
˵ǣҿۿʯֱΪ׼ģ·ŵӣеۿʯۿʯ֣ǰ׽ˣ
³֣Ȼɹ᪵һЩСǣʼ׷ƨ
ڲԶΧ۵ˣвмһʼ˴ֱϳ͸̲ˡ
治·ͷΪۿʯƵġ
ǿ֮ǰһһŮڵۿʯΪܼˣʵҸҴģһһŮеЩˣٺ٣Ըͷɡ
Ԫ˽ţֻǶȻ˵ģƣ·һ仰˵ɥӲʼ
ȻŵĹͻȻһȺ˵еİ꣬Цǹ˹ָһ
ˣǵĴɣ
ĪţЩԪôױġ
Щֵ̿ȥ
Ǽ˵˵֮ǰʲôӣǲһһŮᪿʵ
ʻľȻĵͷְյ᪵ѯʣ˵ǵӡ
ɫƣòͨô
°ͣòȻǲųݵĿܣе˵ݸӰȫ
ţܺãǿԹˣͻȻЦһ͵һȭһɿ͵Ԫĳײ⼸ߵϣȻһ𣬲ҽŵɳȥ
䣡
ĸˣײ˴ƬʯȫˣѪֹ
ȿȿȣ
һȳƬģҰУֻ˵᪵Ц
ǸղЩʲôأӿڳĵ
᪴һΧ߶ʵϸղ뷨˿ɲֹϵĸ˶ΪҪΡ
ڿ˵ĲҵùĲԼ
ʵ᪲ûЩ˵ԪݣҲû£Ӽ˱ĵ̬ͿԼǲмУʹ²µ˵ʲôˣסʱǱֳľţ֤һ㡣
󡭡СġС۲ʶ̩ɽ͵Ǹƨ˰ɡ
Ȼк޼ȴֻܱµģ·֪ʲôʱͷˡ
ģɱǣһҪǵһ¿Լļʶжǳ
˵ţת£̧ͷۿʯ¶һζЦݣڸղһ̣뵽һ⡣
ܴ˵ڵۿʯǵõϹῡܵϿɣõǵ˼ӳ֣ǲǣ
ߵĽ߹ô¡
ţܺãȻˣ֮ǰȻ֣ڵλϣҵ֣
˵䣬Ƿһ˿Цۿʯ̺ۼȻҲԻٵǰµĺۼȻôĻֹ
ҵĴ֮·ʹ￪ʼɣ
˵ţڿնĶƮѣͬһƬ紵ơ
Χֵѹ˿ûӰ쵽᪡
ã
¹Ȼ
µ߷ƨڶҪ֪ǽسôһܳ񾳽컯ʥдĵλҪͺܶࡣ
ֱϣתۼ䣬Ѿɹʮ
ѹȻûܰ谭᪵Ķ΢Цͻʮ
ֱʱ᪲Ÿܵ˲Сѹ
е˼
Ƿһ˿΢Ц
ʮʮһֱ嵽ۿʯڵĸ߶ȣѹȻӣ
ţ
üͷۿʯڸ߶ȵѹȻһ
žž
᪹ǽڱ죬óʥ
ȻԽϣѹӵľԽֲԼʽ
ɵۿʯ֮᪲òڶα
ͷϳǣչħ˫˴ѹѾԤϣѹڵۿʯľµģСħɵϢҲٵ˵ۿʯ֮УΪѹһ֣
ô
ɫһ䣡
ѹкϣܲסĸо
СħɵϢΪǸո£ǿңĸܵǹ

ҧأӲֱϣû뵽ʱãַʽ֣
ǹϢ֮ͬһأϵĸоɽѹʮֿ£
СħɵϢҪһЩ鲻ζ׳ܣϢʱ򣬾ͬȫʹ
ʱ᪾ۿʯƸߵ㣬жʮɵľ룬ǾʮɣȴԽǵ
߶᪶ԻǺɣѾ˵ľôǱأһԪӲٳʮɣ
ڵۿʯϽһδεĳȫѪⶼѿȫѪӿƺһ̾Ҫ
ҧأֳʮɣžžž
᪵˫ۺͳϣѪըѣȻһѪ
ôᣡ
᪲ҲˣǸСħŮӶ飬ԼȻ
̧ۿۿʯˣһɡֺһָ֡߸ϣʻ鶯ھ֮ǵʱ᪴ûиоôԶڣ⼸ɵľ룬޷Խ


1465 
᪷ǳܻٵ֣ǳ嵽붥ֻɾʱѾﵽ˼ޣѪܶദ飡
䣡
ǿһȭչۿʯϵġ֣֡
Ȼʣ༫٣ڵۿʯѹĲ֮£Ӯûܺۿʯһһ
Ǹ֣֡Ϣ𣬷·ڳܡ
£Ҫǿ
ʱھ£һʥߺǶ᪵ˣֲۿʯߵ㡣
ܶ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ᪷پۿʯֻԶĵطѾǰ˵ĳɼۺ֮ǰı֣ȴһ
ٺ٣֮ǰһһŮµּдԼ֣Ϊ˭ˣ£һˣϵۿʯߵ㡣
ҪӲţĽ࣬ҿôճ
꣬ҪǲҪˣıǷ֡
Ĵ۵ʱ򣬵᪾ۿʯߵֻʣһɾ룬ʱȫѪֱѾǼеļˡ
ô
᪸о衣
ΪԼʵʵϣѪҴ½һսȷʵûôȻƫƫڣڵۿʯϣȫȥ
ζʵǱȴ࣡
ҵǱ
᪸оܲˣھ£˻ܴ̾һѪҴ½һս޼
ʵĽӽǺһ£ǾǵʱʥΪֻڣ
ǿԽһС磬ѹ᪣
ԽһСսԾ˵Էˮһ򵥣ȻԽսߣҲǾ˽ܣǾͿֲˣ
ţÿһС磬ʵӭһβСķԾ
£ҿò̫þͻ򣬲̫ĳɳռ䣬δزΪʮǰһ
ܴţǸоܹɱնݳ
ʱڵۿʯϣ޷֧ţԽ㣬ѹԽֲȻֻһɵľ룬ȴصĲࡣ
ۿʯսֻһΣʧܣ¾ͻѣ֪ߵѾھ붥˳߸߶ȴȻһצ˵ۿʯ
꣡
һ죬˺һҡ
㾡ʣһצһצҲ֧ţͬһߵķһ㣬ֱȥ

ܴշ𣬽ס˵᪣ͷһ۵ۿʯµĺۼܴεҡͷ
һצµĺۼȣڵۿʯκһۼȻۼȴΪֲڣֻǿһʥķţȴû̺ʲô⾳
ʵѾ;ƿݣûںۼ⾳ˡ
᪲ӲҪߵ㣬ھߵʮɵԶ֣ӦĿһ֣Ҵһûʲôצۡ
ܴߣʥ֪˵ʲôˡ
Զߣĵ뿪ˣǺµָ᪻߳ŭɱйߡ
һ£ܴ´һ˿⣬˼ҵһɱ

ãã޼ʴ֮Уһǧɸߵľڣڣڶ絶Уھ֮ϣһΡĳУйǳǽаɸߣǽϼӳ󷨣ޱȣԶԶȥͬûڵƽеɽһ㣬𺳣Уǡ
ǵȻ֮ǴʮֹǴΧĳУƼڴߣҲкܶ˳סڴˣҲǵķ
һǵĽֵϣֵԣֵƼ·ϵߣΪһʵֲſ
Ҳ֮УߣܹǳסˣҪԴ֮е̫ޣֻΪ޵Ŀѡ
ԭǿߵľۼأټڴ֮гɱʤ̭ʹ֮еԽԽǿԶ·ΧС
УСħ쳣˷ܣ򿴲龰
֮Уֻۼڴţʥ֮УȴԵ͵ȼ߾Ӷ࣬бϾĵطֶǱޡ
·ǡǡ෴ɱ¾ģˡ
ˣҪ̽ϢĻȥ֪·Χһʮֳ鱨ֻ֯Ҫ㱨꣬ܶϢܴ̽
֪ȲеĵͼϢҲֱõҪֿѯʡ
ѾãϢʮݣ̽


1466 
ǣûеһʱȥ̽ڵϢǵĺ񱤣е
·ÿһУӦӦ֮󣬾ͿԵõ֮Ľ
ߵȼ֮ĵѾᵽˣĻᣬȻˡ
ռϳŽ룬λڱţԶ
ûзУһ·ϵĿţнԽԽأɱ
һʼϳŵʱ򣬽ֵԵޱȣڱŸֽ׳¥ùݶʧȡ֮ģһݣ
Щݶɾ޴صĻɫʯɣʯ֮ϣ˰ɫİ߲ۼЩۼצµģģڳ֮ܵһɵѪζ·һսһ㡣
Щɵģмޱȣȴӣ̻Ŀ꣬ѵﾭս
ߣСħɾʵʱѾӻõ˴𰸡
˵޾Ĵģ̫ޣÿһЩ꣬Ϳܳ޹ǵ¼ϱ£Ասˡ
˵ţСħɾȵĿһۣô֪
ӣûнͣһԣһм˵·ߣ֪Щʲô֪ʡ
СħһЦû˵ʲôˡ
˺ܿǵĺ񱤣ڽ֮ǰǾ͵ڶݣΪ˷ֹھ˵ע⣬˸١
ǵĺ񱤣ҪȻ֮ǵĴߣҲʸһأڻ֮ǣкܶߣ߶УҲǺеĹԱǳо
ģϵΪ
ߵ񹫸ǰ֮һһŵۣ㹻Ԫģ쵽¡
Ȼһȣϡб̻꼶ȴֻҪٵԪı򵽣Ȼǹ񹫸˺ܾãʽȴ޼
ţ˼ѵѶȼ󣿡
°ͣĶݡ
һϡб̻꼶ǽ룬еõһöʯʱʯںϣȻͿԵõĽ
ڶ֮ڣɱǧͷ߼ޣ»ձɱ޵ɱ֮ȻҲԵõĽ꣬ôʧܡ
ڶѶȴ⣬߼ޣҪһ񺣳߶ǿɱǧͷζÿ춼ҪɱͷܶҲкڵΪǶԣǲˡ
ڵһȡһöʯȻˡ
ʲôط
˵ĻūҲֻ˵鲢˽⡣
Ȼ·úܾˣҲ֪ؼ࣬һ׵ʵҲ֪Ҳࡣ
룬ܺӡ
Сħȫһ첻µزµӣԽصĵطԽܼȤСħߣɫȴ̫ãֵطýֺͷ붼֪ʮΣգóȻСħɽȥ㲻þͻɥ
𷢲ĺ񱤹Աѯһ¹⹤ԱһħߣѯЩͷϾΪֻڣȥֱ
ĴϢСᣬְڣӸһбĽܡ
֮УܿҵϢ
룬зԲﷶΧһ˲֪յأ߽ͨУȥ޻ءŽУҲ׶༪٣
룬һƬͨɫɽɽ֮УһɲϿȣȡ
֣֮ΪеˣûмŻģ˼һֵûУܶյءؾȻһһƽܻܿôԵ򲢷ˣû˵ʲôԵֻнûгɡ
ǧ꣬ǰ䣡ȣ·յ֮һǾԵ
ˣ
죬֪·ж٣࣬Ҳ֮Ƕд˼Ķţ˽ܵе˽ܣ֪ŶߵʬǣԼ֮·
ˣûһС
һɾƳУͺɱ֮ȴ֮е֪ȡ
ֱ췽ҹ̷
ˣ
ļأʲôµСħɣҲĵطʲôţʲôῡܣ컯ʥһһЦˡ
ҲζţȸһأԲɽ롣
΢΢˵ȣǾԲȥˣ㴫п֮治𣬵Ҳܹܵ˵ģΧ룬ǵǿȥһˣȻҪźüƻſж
ΣҪС߽ܶ࣬ͨŽ׶༪٣ΪСħɣǶĸݵġ
룬ô񣬾̫ˣῡȥ
Ҫȥ룿ĻɫһôΣյĵطȥһ˵˱룬еù飬ϡ
ѾҪһ
ҪЦˣû˵ôǡ
СħԼսߣȻԣʧˡ
СħƲƲ˵ĵӻСôĵطȣǲȥˣҪӵı̻꼶ֻѡ
Сħ˵ţɫѿȻСħ˵Сʮֱֻǲһѡ
ʱûСħɺͶִڿĺ棬ﾹȻйȵĵͼ
⸱ͼļֲڣҲΪôû̽룬ʶõĵͼǹ⡢ƴģҲֻǿܿˡ
ȻҲҲ꾡ͼֵͼϥ붼֪Ȼֵƣôڳ˹ۿ
Ҳ㿴ûָͼжֵ
ȻſţüͷȴЩͼеһЩЩ죡
ö֮е·ص³һóһۣ˵Ĵأа˾ųɿܣ֮У
мĿܣλǴ˵ȥ޻ص
أȣ
סˡ
طȥ޻أԼȥ


1467 
أʮа˾Ÿ·йء
ȣĻҲ·йˡ
֮ҲǼпܣ
ȣ棬ҪǽȥĻΨһ̣Ǵӻ֮еõǿ񡣡
񵽵ǲƣҲ޷϶
ţԼȣȻЩƣƾжȴ˵׼ϾеΣտɲǿЦġ
鲻ԽĽ֪̽ħռ֮У񾲾֮У̣ͨƿԼԼ·˷ӵͼЩͼȵĵͼ
һȥģ߶ԣ䱾õ˾ԵȴΪ»Ե֮еΣնηηβĻעһʲôɾ͡
ȻĻԵԼдؼǣôȥʲôʱȥ
磬ͻ֮ڽǿɴﵽڣԿͨ
ͷʱǰħЩͷˣιǼûҪﵲţ滹Ҫأ
ħû˵΢΢ûнⰫħ߶ӵ̬ȣֽһԪĵݵ˰ħߵСЩԪģڻ֮þ񻻵ġ
һ㶣ϼһ̾͹Ԫĵһʿɹ۵ĲƸ
ɡʲô
ҽˣʣµԪžͺˣֻһ£Ҫȥ룬ʲôҪעģ
˵ţħϲЦտעɫԪĵ˵Ǹˣܶ߹ʲôȥ룬һȥٺ٣ңʶˣ֮Уི;飬Щ飬ǰģ˵Ҫ˵Ҳ˵ȥҳӣһĳͣȥģǰ˵·һһԪģҪҪ˵Ļڿأ
ħ˵գգ۾ˣһ򵼴·Ļȷʵܰȫࡣ
ǼˣҪȥɣǵΪȥӴ򹷣ȥ޻صģ
ħ߿ҪߣѵȻҲǿЩԪĵϡ
ڵǶ黹и֣Ͳˡ
˵꣬Ҫ뿪񱤣ħȴҡͷиֻҲûã룬ĺܣΣÿ˵ģʱΪҲ
Σÿˣ
Ųһ£˵лˣˡ
Сħɵ뿪˺񱤣ȥıӰħҡҡͷ֪ԼĻЩ˿϶ûȥġ
ͷôô벻Ҫء
ħ߶߶ģʱѾ˺񱤣ȥࡣ
ǾҪȥˣ
˺֮󣬾Ͳˣһ˫۾СħɣСʦãҪһ·ȥ룿ôΣյĵطͲ±˺ˣ֪ġ
˵ֹסˣݺݵĵһۣĿ¶ɱղŵĻûԪǵ˵ģɼѾܹˡ
֪û˵ĻָСħһķѪѪ⣬뵱Ϲŷһη˾Ѫľ̶ȣСħļֵ
а֮˵õдôǲɲҲãҩҲãõɹĺô
һôôѽҪȥڳǻ
Сħܲ˵ľǱ߶߶ͼıľ·֮УôСħѾܹˡ
СħɵĻѪûκΰ취ݺݵĵһۣ۹ɱˣѾһٴˡ
ҧҧǾȥϵ˻ûã˺ˣҪ⿪׷ٷҲҪʱ䣬ʱָˡ
СħŪˣȥûҲСħһһʲô£һӡ
ȥҲδؾͻ£ҲҵĻԵҲ˵
οԼСħɺ棬ǣ֮£ҵ˰ħܵࡣ
סһС¥С¥ڲ۲Ƶ󷨣ר԰ֲ˸ֲ黨ļ紺·ǳ
࣬Ǹԣ
ţǣؼ۹Ѫʱڻ֮ǣһļ۸Ҫͨǿ̾ǣؼ۸ܹӵһռСլ֤ۡЩˡ
໹㿿ףҲ׬ңйأϤҲãԼȥѰҲãܷһʺơ
ţ߽С¥֮УС¥е̸ֳЩ󷨶ʵֵһᣬǹؾصվ֮Уȴ˵١
һɫ۵ӳſڣһ߲߳ߣ˰ͷ˶棬°ͶһֻС۾ĴˣЦ⡣
̸ģ
ţȥ룡żɽ
룿ڵСһǣԽԽˣڣȥ룿ǰ˵ãֻܴ·Ը
֪Ȼеͼȴ֪һ·ȫ
һԪģ˶ȥĻǴۣ򡣡˵ţһ˶ƺִֵֶָͷ
򣬲ܶˡһڻؾȻںԪģǲֵ̫ɵñ˼ΪԩͷʱǣǴվ֮С
ʺü۸ѽҴӷЦ˿Σɽ


1468 
ЩˣҲһȥģ
һպӴС¥֮У߰˸ڵȺ
Щ˴ᣬҲѾˡ
ע⣬һŮŮӵĴ缫ΪۣļΪҲֻ԰֣޳ĴȻԲһСƤףͦĽƤ׼űˣƤֻز¶ƽ̹Сѩ׵ۣı󣬱һͶǹ޳Ĵϣһµذס
Ͷǹ
Щ⣬ϡˣһ߶ǾĴһдһġ
ŮӣΪ
ŮߣһڵӣƺŮͬ飬ĸߴ󣬼磬һѺɫؽؽȳ˵߻ߣŰ壬ͳޱȣһӶ֪
ңǣһһŮǿɢԪϢȻǷ˫޵ߣϣĸܵһͬϢ
ţǡѪ
΢΢һ㵣ѪǳͬԴѸ֮ܵǰ˲֮ǣǰһһŮӦƣȡ
һһŮȻƺѪӵߣӦĳһš
ۣʮ죬ҲһܴĲ壬ܶ壬嶼Ҫǿ࣡
۲һһŮͬʱһһŮҲڹ۲
ǳ壬ȷʵӵѪѪеǵĹ㾭ķܣȻ˥ߡ
ȻСħĸ׾޵ȣǻҪܶġ
ǸˣҲѪϢ
ƤŮԪ˵
ǲ֮ѪҲע⵽ˣϵĲ֮ѪޣӦʲôԵֲģѪǾûʲôɱˡ
ȻĻԵͨȴǳ㣬ĸҲǳʵƺһҲǷ˫ޣӦе㱾µģھ룬൱ѽ
պգãҲ֮롣
ھҪôǶԼʵоţҪôɵ
֮⣬һɫװע⣬ĳʮĺӣϽ϶űһͷڷڷݵĽŵĵطƺһģӣ˷·ںڰ֮Уһ֮У׾ͺ
ˣȻó䣬Ҳһ˲õɱ֡
ô֣Ի
ۣĵ߱˽ܣҽģ˽֮е˽ˡ
СһҲǣ
ڷ䣬һͻȻ˵һˣۣüëϵһԸǿƵ
ǰ벽ʥΪУ֮Ϊߵġ
ȻʵȴδΣѾ䲻Сãǲ˺ܶࡣ
ô㵣˳ȣ
Це˵۾
˺һȻû˵˼Ѿˡ
ΣûʲôӦСħȴԸˣۣô˵أ˭˭ĺȻ˵أ
СħɴͲǳԿһ仰Ͱѽ˸ˡ
ԷȻŭŭȴһ̤ǰСħɺͽ֮䣬˵λӣҵĶ鶼ҵģڳҲˣ뻹ӣָӣҰ˭߳飬úˣ
˵Ȼ䣬Իǻ쵽ֵزȻ濴ôɫ
˺һû˵ˡ
˵ˣɡ
ִһӣһһʮһ
ͬʱ֮⣬һոǡ
Ϊ׵һˣһƥߴĶǱϣߵ˵ܴġ֮Ҳֲ˶ðɣҪôҵСӿ²ףܿˡ
˾ˣǺ󣬾ڲϵĴܣҵټ
ȷʵףСܽƻǲܹֻҪǰ뿪ǣĻаڸСʱһҲûá
ܴ˵䶼ڱĿΪ˳ʩչ֮һģԭǣƾԺжһϢļ䣬ڷԲʮﷶΧڣѰˣ¶ԷˣҲܿ
ţܴô˵ҲͷˣҵСӣٺ١˵ЦһĿ¶ɱʱǶҪ֣һ˶ԸѪһսĳҪ˫ܴ㿴ŲҪ˾ˣ֮һ书һʥҩҲ㹻ҩı׼ˡ
˵ǣʱǴһպڵĵλֻһ󲽣ߣ˷е
ֻЦ˼ʵԭûаսʤһΣһרΪ׼ĵơ
ԺйԼɱĹͣʥıȡʱȴȫûвʱһӲ۵ߣӭ˹
һʮˣӵĶ顣
ˣ˳֮󣬴ұҵģǱ룬ǵ𣿲ҵĹأͱҵĶ飡ǿ
ЩͷӦһĺܶ˱һôԸӱˡ
ӵĿɨԼҲֻǵĵͷʱһڳſڿһߣжʮˣŮŮٶУЩ˿Ӵ磬Ϊ׵˾ôĸڴĽޣһϢǿ󣬸ʵ
ģʱһݣǵоȻһԼˡ᪡


1469 
᪣Ҳ·ˣ
һ⵹֮УԼһս֮Ҳ·Ϊ·Ϊ档
гյˣӦҲ·УֻԼûˡ
ߣһߣ˫Ŀգ߶߶ģƺʩչʲô˫ĿһĿɢĸ֪ΧԲʮﷶΧ
ɵǣߺȻǽΪߣˣҲǰ벽
ҲˣûвҵĴڣ
΢΢Լڵۿʯһ֣֡Ҳȥ˵ۿʯ֣֡δز뵽Լϡ
ʥȻͣսԼʥ໥ɱͣսԼȴһ룬Ǿ޶Χڣ·ʥ׷ɱԼΥԼݣҲصʲôħ֮ࡣ
㶨ԼǣȻչԼ׷ɱ
ҲǽʩչѰҲ˵ͷ
ӵĶУԽԽĶǣĿ⻷ܣһλߵķ緶
ʵϣǣҲȷʵλߣһܴסˡ
᪵Ŀ⣬ɨûж࿴һֻۣͣһ㲻עڵĶ顣
ԣܴɽ˫ĿʱʱĴһӡЩӡΧܴ·裬Եʮ
ܴѰƾڵۿʯеϢ֮ҲǰϢѰĿȵ۾׼ȷ౶Ǹ߼׷
Ȼ᪽ʱܴڲϵĴӡֻƷ֮ڶ
ʼգû۾ûп
ɫ糣ԸıϢò겨޷
ΨһĵģҲǶԼҺöʶ᪣ʱɫΪ֮еš
һ˽ǣȴǣмʲôûз
ôҲ뵽ڸոգѾ
£ȥ
ȥǵĺ񱤣ҲһЩ֣Сģǲɱܿһվǣȥ񱤣Ѱҿɵ񣬻֮ģǿܲںҵҲҲѰҵ˿
Ӣ
һˣ񱤽
˴ʱѾʮʮչ۵糸
ʮ˱˼ӵʱ䣬㱼ʱӵٶȲŻ
쵽ˡ
˵ţ̧ȥֻڵƽϣһѵĺɫɽɽɢһɹϻϢһرĸо
֣һ·ĵطǶûôޣƺҲΪ޾Ϣܿˡ
ιӣ֪ʲô𣿡СħͻʵܶҲӣҲ֪֮أ벻Ȼγɵġ
ӺٺһЦСħֱӣ˿գš
طҿɲֻ˵Ѿ˼ʮϰ꣬棬аԵúܣһǸңҪж棬ҿɲܵġ
˵꣬ĶƤֻһǰ·
ľСħɣһ˷ܵı飬֮γԱȵǶӳ˳žͳĬһֱڣˮˣķһʵһȺУȻ˵Ҳƫڵ׵ĲΡ
кܶ˵츳˼ҵΪߺܶࡣΪֻͬСħɣ츳
ߵúߵϣߵҹǰһ
ڼ䣬ʲôûֻǿ޾ĻɽҰ룬˵ޣֲﶼ٣ܶʯǹͺͺ¶⣬紵
˵Ҳߵ̫˰ɣһ˲߲˵뷽ԲôȥǲǼ¶߲ͷ
˵һʥ꣬һ·ߵô˵˵еΣˣӰӶûЩˡ
㻹ߵͷ룡뼸ǧܻų컯ˣߵͷˣӺ˵
ʥüͷһ壬鲻ˬ˵㣬ĿˣģǷ˰ɣߣǳδص𡣡
ιι˵˭أСħԼΪߡУˡ
ʱСħɣΪĹϵûô崿ɰʥҲˣֻǺһ˵ˡ
˼ǰӷ·ҪǳԱԹƵģûм٣ԽԽ
֮ǰʮʱ˽ľ룬ǽʱһֱߵȻֻǰʮȷߵĶ
ŴȦӣһȦһľ룬ƽʱ˵һգ۵Ĺ򣬿ڣӵĴ£̵ţһЩ룬ȴúܶˡ
˵Ϊʲô϶Ȧӣôȥһ궼Ҳʯ
֮ǰ˵ʥĲͷˣôٶȣʵЩˣܾڹŪ飬ûΣգҪһȦ˭֪ȦƵûбҪҲΪʾԼĴڸУŹƵġ
ɴӾǸƭӣ񱤵ĹԱߵǮʵǹƨ򵼡
ҴǶȦӣǱܿһЩܵյأȻЩط˵һΣգΣյĿҪܶ࣬Сʻ괬ߵһ㣬ܱȶҪá
ӽͣȻ˲ˣΣն˵ģ˵յؾյأô֪Ǽ٣ߵڣëߵΣնû
ʥ˵ţɫһĿñΣգһ֣ͿҪԼԼԣҪǡ
ӵϯ̺˵ɱ⣬ʥüͷһ壬ûټ˵ˡ
ңԲңԼԼġ
Ķ仰ǰٶɻʱʱȦ
ӵĺ棬°ͣҲӻ᲻Ǹİħߺƭ˵ģϵϢľã˲򵥡
֮вޣǸƭӣҲȻЩ˽⣬ƭ˼ΣԼˡ
ǳԱԹʥ꣬ɫ伸κվûжжȦҲȦ봫ôмΣաӹŪ飬˵ɵˣߵڣǶǰȫġ


1470 
絽ϣֵ磬գƺԶһ㵭Ļ䲻⡣
洦ɼԹŵʯЩʯͷѾޱƾõ£·ĵòʮû
ʮѾİľ룬ʱͻһֱǰӣͻȻһֻ׷ķһ˳ȥٶȿò˼飬ڵ˶һ
ֽһĨѪǹʣ
һжڵʯ֮ɣߣСħɵķӦҲ˿ȫѪӿֳֳޣʱԱ塣
ĵһӦĳͻȻΣգӵԼˣ
ȻǣǵһʱʱΧʼվĵģ紵ݲݣɽʯɣʲôûз
ʮɺ󣬾ͻȻͣ£ʷʵȻһžһ죬·ʲôˡ
ӿ첽߹ȥʲôֵʱһֺܳĴ
Ӻ˻һɫݣֵһݾûֽ䣬ʧ
ȻɵһѪֵǮûȥԼˣҲѪͬ飬ǱܣٶȲ죬ͱˡ
Ӵֵ˵ⷬ˵ʱ򣬱˵֮ǰвʥ꣬оﲻˬˡ
һĿס
ݵûʲôؾ֮У˭ֵı͸ù˭С
ƫƫ֮ǰӵÿһСţƵģ˵ʲôСе괬߿ǸղͻȻݣȴĵıӶһת۾ӳʮɣҲûʲô¡
ǲǵİɣ
ʥ걩ŭ
β˦һ仰Ҫǲң뿪ǣ˭ҲûţʵҶԣ뿪Ϊ˵ù
˵ʲô
ʥ꼸Ҫ֣ʱΧ˳Ȱˣˣ㻹;뿪ɣԼһˣΣգǲǱˣˣһҪȫࡣ
˵ˣеĸ磬һ仰ԪΪ˱ӣνˮ©
ߣʥһֻѹŭ𣬡ǰɣ֣Ҽסˣ
㣬סҵ˶ˣһӺߺ˵·
ʮֿʼǰ̵ģսʥĵߡ
ʱ򣬱Թ˵һ㣬ܶ˶֪ӳȥѰҩ˼֮ǰӲɵѪֵƣЩ˳ҲҪġ
ɵʲôĵرûܵõʯҲһĻԵ
ǰʮ룬ʥͻȻһڲԶʯ֮ѹһݣֻߣݶ˽һŸ뵰СĹӣͨѪһ㡣
ǡѪ
ʥȻһ˵ӵѪǵʬΪĹʵ
ʥ꣬ҲöѪʥٶ죬ֱѪȥʮɾ룬ת˲ţ
ţɫ䣬ǹӣ
ɫȻʥֻǱĵĿһۣɵ˻û˯ѣСӣ޷ҪѪˣ㣬Ҿɵƣ
ʥ˵ţһѽѪ
һĻͫһȫ˲ʵȷöѪ֮и֪ΪǿȻһΪһöѪððʧʧһгȥҲȷȷʵʵڷѪһ̣ӹһ˿ԤС
ӽס֣ʱʮ־衣
ߣСħɡãǳĬԣʮ꺢ӵĺҲϢİγƽƵͨڣɭɭ
ΪӵĻǶȫ䱸в޵ķܵΣա
ʥ겢ûʲôΣգץݣЦӼֵڣмУҪͻڣӸܴǿҵѪ֮
ˬ֮УûõʯҲˣܹˣƭˣһ·һ
ʥ˵ţʱȴͻȻоŵȻðһɺűֱʮֲֹһĻʥŵöѪ˸룬ʥֱ֮УʼʥľѪ⣡
ʥĸ첲ۿɼٶȸήʥ꾹ȻȻ֪һϲı飬ͬʱŶӵĲм
˵һҪллˣû·ҲɲѪ
һ̣ʥЦѾȫõγĶԱȣһĻǡ
ÿˣѾˡɫ࣬ʥûκֻееΣգݣ룬ȹа
ʲôˣΪʲôǸ飿
ʥ꿴˾֡Լȫ䱸ı飬ӿһǿҵĲô¡ڿʲô
ͻȻһɲԤУתͷһԼӣһֲ̣һ龰Ҳһ龰Ѿȫãɺɫƾ˿ĶӸõѪð߳һ䶯ޱȶĶֲ龰˺ѷεĲҽС
ȻĽֻǸոһɭɭķɵȴĺ
꣡
һ죬Ѫɽʥĺ˸ͨ͸Ҳ˲˻ƣ
ĿһֵˣȻӣ
ҽУǸϽ뿪ⶫϮǣ
˵ţչȥ󣬸ղŵһĻĿģ룬͸¶Ź졣
ʮһһʮͣ
˶ɫ̫ãĿʥӣ񾪼¡
һûûεСħɣҲǱ鲻̫Ȼʲôöģ
˵ǻȥɣ
ڵǶ˵ղŵһĻ˭ĳǶ
аԼȥʥʵոоԼʥǿ٣ӮҲǲʤ
ԷôңԼҲһ³
ҪȥԼȥǿû㡣˵Ǹ米ͶǹŮҲеã񣬳˲м
ֲмĿ⣬öΪѻһʱ嶯Сħ⴦ˡ
ģִ󻢱ƣԼǡֵ˵ҿղܵʱûʲôΣգҲûôƫϤ·Ρ
ӻܣȷһڵλãһ
ʲôɱʱʵ


1471 ޵
ĵʥ굽ôģѱԼļ䣬Ҳ벻ʲôаֲܹ˹ķʽϢɱһš
ͷҡ˹ģҲ룬ųɿһµĵԳһ磬Ѿ˼ʮ꣬ϰ֪꣬ôʱʲôôһ򣬼ʮʱ䶼ֵֻأҲˣοͬʱЩȥšӹšǿߡˡޡħ֪ж٣磬Ѿݻޱȸӣ㿴ֲδֲģδңҲδ
˵ⷬаʵĪ˵˼ʮĵطһЩ汻ڹǻʳĶĸ
ڵ룬ͺñһ޴ĶƹޣƼ˲֪ǿߣޡޡЩüʮʱ䣬໥ɣɱκаﶼΪ档
ʮˣҲ㶾ƹеĶ棬֮ǰʥ꣬Ǳ̭˷ˡ

ʱǣ񱤡
𷢲İħ߱ӣС˵ϣһ֮ģ
ѾϢһ磬һ̣ͻȻɴһ˫Բ۾ȴӵֱӣԶʥ
ʥߣһΪ˶ǸʵѪʢһ˽ܡ
ˣǴ׿ҿ⼸˵ӣǸǵģ˵ͻʲôϢǲ롣
λأ
ħ߶ЦݣЦеʵ
һ¡ǰ죬ûڵ߽˸Ѷȵ񣿡
ʻˣǵ᪣Щ죬ܴѱǣûҵټ
ΪҪôûֱͣ뿪ǰҪôǽĿǰΪߵĿԸһЩ
ĻһӸѶȵԶһܹɵļޣһ񱤵񷢲ԱȻӡΪҵķ
ħһת˴ֵÿô࣬һʱҲ벻ѽ
û˵꣬ߣһʦܱӳһöԪĵ򣬰ħ۾һɫĽö˵ˣм߽ѶȺܴ񡪡
ǳʲôӣ
һŮеĶöͨͨģûʲôۣŮӵ㣬Ҳ㲻Ͼɫ
˰ħߵĻ᪺ܴһۣܴ˵ͷпˣŮпСħɡ
Сħɡߣһʥ֮ЭҲ컯ʥҪСħʥ֮ѹϵڣСħȴô
Ȼ˵컯ʥ֮Ĺϵ㲻Ϻ˵ͬˮľϵȻԸ⿴һñӿʥʥӵͷϡ
㻹֪ʲô
ᪿħߣħִ˴֣һ˼Ϊѵı顣

ߵʦܣֵݳһöԪĵ
һзĵħϲЦտ˵˵Ҫҵˣ֮ǰȥǣ򵼣רŴ˽룬ǸڵѪ⣬Ѿˣ
Щ˲֪ˣЩ볣ߵ򵼣֪һ԰ȫ·Σȥұ򵼣·׷ǡ
Ŷ¡ȥ򵼣
ٺ٣ϢͣڳǶһԽкںֵ֩ܣͨ׹ơ׷ٺ֮ʵеǶģҪҲߣǾˡȣ򵼺Ҫ򵽴ᴩյĻ֪ôġ
ں֩룿֪ˡ
õЩϢǷһ˿ЦڻԿ϶ȣһˡ
ܴǰЩϵǸˣû
쵽ˣʵ룬ɱСҲס
˼ĺãʨӲȫΪȻֻڣǴ˼Ӳúܣܴǽ磬ټҺ벽ʦ֣Ҳ˵ȷҳɱܼǸˣǳɹİջﵽųɾšο˻г𣬲ǷԸȻ߾ȫ׷ɱǸᣬҪлǲǡ
˵ţܴ΢΢һЦ˵öԣһѴ֣ðײãȥ򵼡
һʱһ˱ҵ˰ħ˵ĺں֩롣
һֵܸºź֩룬ܴܵºź֩룬˶ʥΪħֵİСȫںɫͺɫĶ֮УϵƤڷݣɭֲ
ƾϢͿжϳǶ˶ͬеٮٮߡ
һ˳㹻Ԫģֵܴ֩Ӧ᪵ǰȣˡ
ֹ˰죬ڳżϣȻǲûмųƺڵȴʲô
ʱܴͻȻ̧ͷߣЦЦ˵ˣ
ܴ䣬ǰԶĿռͻȻѿһĳֽ̽һ㽫ռпһĸߴĺߴӿռѷ֮˳
ɫ԰ףò㿡ݣΪᣬͫʣѪһʺ֮ɫɢһɵ
һϳԼݵĳˡڤӡ
ڤӵļݱ֮òڤʥأԶʥ죬Ͷʥ壬Ź
ĸһ֮⣬Ϊǵ׷ɱڤӻʧһֻƣƴ̤𾳵ĲһӶ޷ͻˡ
ڤӿ˳˳Ǳս֮ʱͨṩ鱨ô
ĳ𣬿˵ǲ졣
ãڤˣҲˣɱлܹҸòûлᣬôɱԾ󻼣³֮һΪڤ׼һݺ񣡡
˵Ҳ뾡취ء
ڤ䣬ƽȴѪӿǵܣûиκˣ϶ķǵйأǹЩڤһֱѰصʷϣѾĲµ˵Ǿʲô
ܲ²ĶԲԣڤԿ϶ǵĻԵʮа˾Ǳõˡ
ɱԼռϵܣʱ򣬲ֲԼֵʧһĺôҲԼһͻ𾳽磡


1472 
Ĵϣ¶ʯڣһ޼ʡ
뷽ԲһСһɽ֮⣬ľɽȡڡɳĮ֮ܶһƬߡ
ʮһˣѾǧˣǧʮ졣
ˣӣʱͻȻĳȥɼʲô鱦ܿסӣҲǰ֮ʲôﶼҪ
ȻżҲ·ϵı˵õЩﻹĶЩȴô롣
ȷֵģһŮ˵
ȵõģһķθŮӺá
ŮӱŮСħɣһƯıʯ̺һ˵ǼֵǣСħɺŮݣȴδ
ΪԸ񲻺ϣŮСħɣǸ߰˵ӣһʮ죬һЩż﷢˳ͻãˡ
ԴˣֻܿЦżǳ˿;֮еһζƷˡ
˵λŮЪЪɣǴǰɽͻĽ룬ΣջԽԽ࣬ǲԸЩΣհɡǰȰܣЦе˵
룿֮ǰߵ룿һӡ
ûʲô룬֮ǰֻıԵش
ʮ죬ڱԵشܶЩƣôȻֻһΣգʱ䣬Ҳʮ־裬СʱܷΣգʮģȻȴ˵ֻڱԵشתƣ˸оܲˡ
ıԵشô綨ģ
΢΢ʵ
ʵúãǽ綨ͱԵشĵΪֽߣ˴ԣ·µģѾ˼ʮ꣬ҲΪԶҲµԤʮڣһҪߵľ֮һҲȫһ˵Ψһܹ˵һڣֱ
·ˣ
ӴһûʲôӦ˶Ǿ㵵ĳͣĿУ·˺ܿʤǿߵĴ˵ڣӾȻ˵·µģ
ֻǲ²ˣô£˭Ҳ˵֮ǰ˵Գһ磬ڽ֮Σջἱӣ׼
ӵĻ˶һһƹޣôڲĽ붾ƹ֮Уȥﾭʮʱݱа
ǵеĻеﶼǣֻһǹʬۼɵĶûǣֻɵıܣʳ׳ֱ̫ߵļ䣬㹻ǻ֮ǻݻɶħ
֮ܶڲһ½磬ӵ֣ǽΣգΪߣδؾܻþã㹻ǿһܰȫ룬Ѱʯƽ
Ҳֻܹƾǿʵ⴩룬ȵĻһǰ޷ٳˡ
Ӵһξ룬һƬѹȡ
Ƭѹ£ԽԽѹֻʮɿ߶ǧ£Գʡ
ѹȵʪ̦;޴Ģһɭֲĸо
ʱǰһƬ·µıһԴһ㡣
ģܹŵݵķҷ
˼Ĳ²õ֤ʵͨѹµķ϶ȷʵܿһƬ硣
˼𺳡
ˣǿδģ֮˶۾ø֪ǲĶǧҪȥֻǸ֪֪Ķǻ󣬸ڡ
˵ţ⡰ԴڣԪ죬ʱȴܵһɵɱ⣬ԪǿôĸеڵĹϣŨɷ籩ͻ棬ƺҪнеٳɻҽ
ڣȥûʲôɵķֻܿԪסȫӲʵͨһڵ߶ᱻճɻҽ𣿡
˵תͷһۡ
Сħɻж˵ΪͣȻҲͳʻĶˡ
ǰ;ǣһԭ⣬ǡ
˵ţĿɨŮ߲Զĺڶ꣬ǶˣҲڶѡ
ӻɵĿ⣬Ůһ˿м֮ɫڱɹʲôѶȣ֮ԣԪԪƾǿӲ
Ů˵ţСħһۣЩζʾ˼㣬Сû
ǺǺǺǺǣСħɽЦ·ЦЦҲԪУЩմҵ½ǣ
Сħɴһ߶Щ㶣Ҳ̫ܴ˰ɣ˵СħǾţսڣǿҲܽܣ˵Ԫãȴûմ½ǣʵǴˡ
ǿǼʶˣȻ˵ͨǿ޷룬Ǿһģǿʡ
߰ŮӿЦ
ǺˣúùδعȥܲԪġȺ֮һڵߺ˵
ȻŮȻģŮЦҲ·ͷҾͿôԪҲЩմ½ǣ
˵䣬ŮѾһֱ̤ɶȥûԪ
ֻεҡҡͷȻ˿Ϊõġ
ˣǵɴ۾ԪֻƾǿӲЩҪǿķ

ŮǰƤ֮£տտĺ⣬ƾЩӲ
ϵҲȻϵּҵײ֮УҲûκˡ
ôǿ
ܶԭΪŮֻǿʣȴȫûϵܽƾӲĳ츳˾㤣
۵ķ֮ѪȴܸоŮڵʱֳһۣƾۺϵƷ£ɿЩտտĺ⣬۵ķ⡣
֮ܶ߱ҲḡֳǿۼףǺŮٿأľֲ˲
һãȻǷ֪֮һ档
ţʱСħҲˣȻֻΪȴ˿ûƣͬûԪֱӳ֮С


1473 貽
СħɲԪڵһĻ߲㾪
ŮҲԪͨڣһΪ˫ޣϾΪ
СħɵΪڣ޴󣬶ҿСŮҲɵߣȻҲԪ
ʯ֮䣬СħѾ֮УһƬУ桢絶ʱ֮ȵһлҵܼ֯Ĵ
Сħɲû÷壬ֱӳƬ֮С
ͣ
һ죬Сħɵһᴩ
ڳͫһӦǱеСħɾͻӰʧȻֻһ
˿ֲٶȣͶûие֮⣬߶ǵɴ۾֮ɫӵ˿ֲٶȵСħɣȻֻߡ
ɵĴУСħƮһĲӰͬҹ飬̤һ貽ڼ֮ܶдÿ˶ΪСħѾ޴ɶ㣬ȻеʱԲ˼ٶȺ޷ķ϶ջеģֻСħɵĲӰˣ
ÿ£
ôģ
ǿܼĹûܹԴķʽڣֱ˼顣
֮У˿Сħܵķӣꡣ
֮еĻܼʵЩȴкмв֮һɲǵĹ϶ǺŮǿ׼⹥϶ͨ
껺˵˵ȴ˸𾪡
˵򵥣ȴûпܣҪޱȿֲĹ۲ͼÿһ˲䣬Ķ֪ҪɶٴΣһΣͻᱻУ
ݣ
Сħͨڣȵأ֮ǰ˵ûԪȴûһ˿֮½ǣ
ѾͨڵŮصСħɣɫЩÿˣСħɵ飬֮ǰƷӲԵñ׾ޱˡ
СħɵҲϲ硣
ŮɫСħǷһȣҪľЧ
Ůӣڣ
ʮ֮һ
Ҳر츳ղһУҪʵҪ㡢۲츳ԣȻ£
߻Сħ޵ĺ֪ĻҪ°ˡһ춼Ҫʵ֮Ů
ʵϣСħɿɲ츳ˣǸ涼ǿֻʵһְˡ
ߣ°ͣզ࣬ԭΪνӵĿУûİСĺڶѾǾˣû뵽и̬ģ޹Ůھ͸ˡ
Сħ֮󣬺ܶ˵ĿⶼͶϡ
ǶǸСħһģֶڣʵֻΣ
ô˹עɫܲĵﲻԸ룬ʱȥҲδؼðȫֻӲͷƤǰˡ
浹ù
ȫԪת£ֱڶȥ
ǣ
ڶϣҵĻ⣬֧ŵòɣӦ˵Щ
СħڵʱʵԶˣСħ̤ڣ޴

Ҳȵأʼգйоء
֮УҲǾǺŮӦɫǸҲǣľһ˲ˣôһһоǺŮ츳Ѿе㳬ˡ
λСֵܣҲͨˡ
ӿЦ˵ϣֻܸоǷ˫ߣͬʱʵʵﵽʲô̶ȣ޷⡣
ͷһڡ
ٶȣӵоţͬʱϰСħй֮޲ԣҲСħ޼СħͨҲȫû⡣
ûҪôԪ򵥵ͨ
һ׻֮γɵķΧΧպõ˻Ĺ಻٣ǡô
Ϣ֮ͨڡ
ˣҲ򵥣ûǺŮôޡ
ܶаۣȻƾͨһ㣬ѿʵױ˶١
ܰͨˣͨڵȻûʲô۵ı֣Ĳٿȴʮִ죬һ˿û˷ѣɼڷ輫ߡ
ţҲԪͨڡ
ͨɵģҲвɵġ
Ǻãҽһ£ҽƣ¡ߵߣ΢Ц˵


1474 
źǿ˵ע⣬Ŀһ˵ǿ󣬱˽ύ֮ġͶ̫ۣСħɼֱޡ
˵Լ֡
ҽмɶСħһЦͬ׫֣Сħ˵
ħʼһռСħɱɶ
СħƺһУʯµķšħɡ
ǰУӸСģóһ̣ϵ̺ռ֮ǰٶȱˡ
û˱Թʲô
ǰĹУһֱĬΧľɫԸ֪֮̽еĵ
˵֮У·ĵΪ·£˼ʮƾõʱ䣬Ը֪̽飬ֻԼܵһɲçϢЩϢ۳ģĴ·Ǻһ㻺ʡ
Щ·
һĸо֮еĴ·мϤȻȴһʱûЩ·
ѵǡеĵͼ
һֽ֪֮У֮е·һһӡ֤ȷϣ֮п̻·ͼĵͼ
Ҳ˵·˽Լĵȫͼ֮У
ʶЩ񾪲һļֵʵ̫ˡ
ĵͼ˵̽յļֵЩб̺⾳㹻ˡ
һ߸ǰһ߽֮еĵ·һһӡ֤
ͼһ£侳һˣ֮ǰоĪĵʵӡ֤ȴ
ÿһʱµ򡣷ֳ൱һʶ뼫ΪΣգη򣬸֪ޱǿҲ⡣
Ȼĥ󿳲񹤣ԵĲҲʼеıʣܱȵģ򵼣ǽڶǰľܽᣬͨʦͽܣһһķʽ
ЩȻãΪʲôӣȴ
˰ȵǰʱй˻ɫ磬йֵ
Щﶼݻģν½룬ʥҲɵѡ
ᣬֻҪûǣҪԶʮһϵЩû۾ûиֻ֪ɵıܣŲҲǡ
˵ţߣת˰С
ֻһ㵭һƬģʱصĹ
أ
ϯ֮ԽԽ֮иֳһ峤ɵĹ
ѾʵʻƵ٣ֻ۾棬ȻѾǡ
Щǹ߻ģӶǻۣݻԼꡣ

üɫأӽ룬ȻΪСĶߵúȴһֱЦеģǵһ¶ֱ顣
⣿Ԫ
ӵͷһ﷢֣һˡ
ӲҲܵģЩ㹻ǿ󣬾ʶʱǾΣˣҲ˵ѶԸܿɱǺüˣµǣһаˣʱǼпܻʧء
˶ʮ־裬ڳˣͬеٮٮߣһ·ɳսĳ棬Ȼɫأš
ӲµΪȹ̣εס˵ûй¶ǹδ
ɫ罥ƺҪ뿪ˡ
˰һܹɱΣգȻõġ
ԽԽԶҲķŻض׼кٴγʱ򣬾ʱͻ
һضεƾճ֣صײӵϣȻһ𣬼ѿ
ղŵײԭȥĹͻȻһ٣ƺ쵽ʲô
ô£
֮һ벽ʥɫһ䣬ʵ
ɫ粻
䣡
һײ˺飬ȷһµʵڹǣ
аˣ
ôˣҲĲԡ
֮͹ʩչطǣ
򵼣һְҵѾ˲֪꣬ʦͽܣͽܴͽ
漰ռˮ󷨡ȵȡ
Ϊ˴˵ľԴҪӶԷľ鴫УҲıɱԷԸŶԷռڶԷа﹥ʱƻΪ񶾣
䣡ʲô䣿
ӵĻǿҵĲУ֮ΪأҷʤֻҪϢԸźԶ֮У̲˵ʦڣοߡ
һͬߵ֮ǿǵӴؼʱ򣬱ȴɵѹյһݡ
ַ֩룿
ʶЩɫΪѿֵ֮֩УΪɱԽ֮£֪˶٣˵ͬУǵĿͻΪ¶ƶǺ
֩룿û֣ʱ˹ɱ뵽˵᪵ϣǵô
ϸԼȷʵһЩܱ׷롣
Ҫһʼûϵ᪣ֵʱЩȴѾֲˡ
䣡
ӵȻһƺҪѿǹҲڷͳĺ


1475 ˲ɱ
ʱǧ֮⣬һһֻ޴֩ſڵϣֵ֩ܵԼޣҲǵ
ֻ֮֩䣬ֵ֮֩УǰƯһɫľӨ壬еӳӵס
벻ǻһ֣ҿ԰֮ǰԼģǼӱꡣ
ֵ֩ܵ󣬵ᪿЦţӶֵ֩ܣǺ񷢲˵飬Ӷ֮ȴ˾ϲ
ٺ٣ֵǿ򵼣ü򵼶ǵƿ֮£ϣֵµ׷ٷġ֩Цţɳơ
ֵ֩Ϊħߣԭó׷١䡢¶͵ϮͰɱǸǰõһ֮ģӡϣԴ׷ǵλãһõرǾͻῼɱԽ
ڣӣ׷λ
ԭΪ̫ԶǿڹؼʱʹȴЧ
ҪѾ쵽ˣǵĸţ׷ֻʱ⣬ֻǼֻСﾭڣֱӱаɵ
֩ӹдһɵĲм
ֱɱǸеˣǸŮģãɱá
ᪿЦţһݣɱ֮˳ٳСħɡ
δСħɣҪһЩĶСħһЩ飬Ǿͱ봦ɾҾԲ÷й¶ȥʥ᳹׹ϵѣĻ𷣡컯ʥӣҲ˷ѣ侮ʯ
뵽촽ǺԸռʥ֮λʦִһñӡ
ˡʱһ
ֵ֩üͷһ壬תͷȴ˵һӣӢƤ𪣬˫ֵͫѪɫ
ڤӡ
Ϊֵ֩һͣԭ̵ĲҲֻѹˡ
ˣҶʮ˽⣬һͺ쿪
ڤ˵޹˼ɣ᪵ĶһˣȻв죬ҲûзԵ˽ˣѣĵˣڤȷʵзȨ
Ҳ޹ؽҪŪǣǸӵʧȥսֻҪûӣ˾ûͷĲӬֵ᪳˵

꣡
Ӳµ˺һ飬ХĹɰмĹǺ֮ˣ
⣡
ٴУֵ߳ܵĺ飬µΨһսˣ
С磬ⲻͨķ磬궯Ĺ
˵䣬ֻһҽдһڵߣɫε˸첲
һɲǣ˵ĸ첲ͷ·У첲ϵһƬƬķɳڿбɵһɶգ۾˵ĸ첲ֻʣһΰ׹ǣ

߷ҽУ˶ǸеͷƤ飬ΪžɱߣǼ棬Ĳȴͨʮ
ܲ˺ڷѹתˡ
Ҫӣ䵥ø죡
Ӵ󺰣Ȼˣܵ˲䱻˺ɫĿ֮УֻȻһ̤ǰһצץߵĿڣһ˲Ѫ⡣
߷ĲҽУֻǼϢʱ䣬ںڷб˸ʬ
Ѫⱻˣ
ӽüͷĶֻʣʮˣл˵ġ
ʮ˵ʵȽģɫף˵һþǡ
شֻڻ
Ӵ󺰵ֻҪɢĹﲻΪ塣
˶ٴУơ³һɳǹǹ󿪴ϣÿһǹӳὫʮֻûҷ
Ҳ׷׳֣۵ľֲСֳ꣬һ濪еĺڽÿһȥһȻõ٣ٶȼ죬ɱٶ˿
˵ʵơ»ǲһ㣬ǺХ˺ܴѹ

ȼգӳһȼյķ׭
ͬʱֵȻԾͬһֵֻĴ˹ȥ
һһ޴ĺ񱳿ӵУ˵׼ͷ­ֱȥ
䣡
׭ùȻһͣӵĿնֱӷɱ˹еܿռ䡣
ȻǹţһЦͷ­һƫܿӵһԼӲ
꣡
䣬ϸֳصĺɫףӲĵסӵһ
Ȼһ٣һצץ
µķ
Ȼ˿ͬʱûСһɱ˹ȻǵһκȴĬǹһȺֱùûκܵĿܡ
ȻҲûܣٴθֳףֻĽʯӴ죬ιȫԹӲ
ǹֻ΢΢Ťûʲôˡ
ôǿ
˶ɫ΢䣬ʱһɺɫһУ
˵ʵƿɫֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ǿһգ۵ʱ䣬
Цţһצץ
ɭצӣӨӨ̹⣬Ȼо綾
ֹץһ£ҪôΪʳҪôʬΪͬ飡
ǵƺڷ磡ƶС󺰵ͬʱһǹʱ䣬СƿڷİΧǾΣˡ
ơ´̳һǹʱǷ֪ʱ˹󣬷·һ㣬ֱ˲Ƶ
Ҳǹ
һ˰ɫĳǹõǹԶ̣ȥƽ档
һǹ̳ǹâХֱ̹ĺģ

ЦţںĹıҲֳĺɫףӲһǹ
ͬʱ嵹˳ȥٹãһצֱץ飡
Сģ
þ
ʱ򻹹ִĹĹûκνôǾͻֱӱĳϣ
ɫȻжûаɣڣŶݼͬʱںΪһ
Ԫ۶֮
¡
ֻһ죬а֮д洢׻֮緢׻ٽ֯˿ֲıըǻ棬˹а֮ο׻٣
ֻҫ۵âҫ·һƾһǹʵʵĴ˹ĺ֮Уױǹ˺ѣǹâ
һɲǣѾʵʻͬһ㱻˺ˣ˺γɳ϶ɫĹʹһֻһ㡣
ģ
ĲҽУȻվûаֲֿ׻֮´ֻһ죬ôҷˡ
ˣ
һ˫۾˲ɵùԲúСҲǸеţǸղ֣ĸеĿ£Ȼһǹɱ


1476 ԭ
˵֮ǰĿ¶ֻǴԵĻôղţõ˶еԼǹͽЩаǿȻſڳУĺɱֻ룬Σպĥѣ֪ʲô
һξ㲻ȫûҲʧСҺܿս֮УΪ׷ɱɢһӷֿ³֪
ԼҲû̫ЧĶԸѾʥΪʵǿֶζ࣬ʥߣҲԱ£κβ˵ĹȻ֮ǰһֱ¶ɽˮֱӴɱ
ڣӵпʥڵΪԽ󾳽磿
һʼ˶ΪСħһǾޣر棬ΪóڿСħй֮޲
治֪ôģȻԵõ˲֮ѪǽƾǵѪ츳ҲǱͨߺúܴܶ࣬ﵽ̶ֳȵģӣɡ
¸оԽܣϵѪҪܶ࣬ʵڵȴԼǰڶǿһأĴܸС
츳ڲ֮Ѫʲôܣ˵塣ƿٵĴ
ʱͻȻЦ˵λˣ鷳ˡ
ţǱһ仰ѣŷӦڲǳԾʱ򣬲Сħж̬֮ǾЩ˵ˣЩҲ첻вˣ鷳һ˵
ʲô鷳ˣƼ˵
ӵеĹ磬һΪףһ͸ɢڹȴԽԽͣζŸֹһи߽׵Ĺ۴ڣǼ൱ڽǿߣܶԸˣ
˵Ϊ侲Ͼ֪߹ٴ룬վҲǳ࣬ʵԤϣҲΪԸȽĹۡ
ۣǿߣ
ǵһʱ֮ͻȻ𡰻Ŀ½ײʲôھ֮һɿֲϢͨ
ɫ䣬ӣ
Ѿȷ֮ǰսʲô˲õĶ
룬ʧȥıӻֱЩаߵʮСһСģͿ䣡
𣡡
һµը죬һʱХ֮ǰ紵ֱ۵߾һֱӱ˽ȥ

һĲҽУڿ֮Ȼը˰׹ǺѪ꣡
һĻӲٳɣ׼һֱӳ˳ȥ
˽ҲǹȫӣʵȻǿ󣬵⿰ȽĹۣҲֻա
أ
ХƬʯںһγһĶħͷ­ۿҪɵ
ǧһ֮ʣӳеĶ̡
ֻꡱһ죬˸̱ĹȻײɣڿѿ
һĻӵȻһ飬ʱҲ˲ôˡ
ֽһչƴķɱ
ķֱ֣ͬһֻ˶Ĵŵ棬ֵεڻܵ÷
Сħƾ˵׷ӣģһҽУ
˺¡һ죬ͷһֻҫ۵ĻԱĹâ
˱֣ıɹֵʳֱѡԱ
ߵԱԭȫһǿʮֹһ죬ƺҲ谭˱Ĺ磬ܵˣӭһ˿Ϣ֮
νĴϢ֮ҲһϢʱˣ
ᣬҧֽóһµ̣мһȻ̶˳ȥ
â˸ڿըݻµ
ãǾܵ˵ùҲǣӹ˲ȥЧ񱼡
̵ڻ£ʣİ˸һܳʱΧ䣬ԭޱȵ磬ͻȻһﻨԴ
Ȫģƶ䣬˼ɾ
̤⡰˼ɾһ˲䣬ӷ·׻һ˲䶨Ρ
Ҳ׷ͣ£˶ԣӵһһǱߣǱ
ҲͣתͷȥȴǱĹ紵ıԵش֮󣬱ͣͲǰƬ֮󣬳ʧˡ
ôˡ
û׵ʵ̤Ƭ֮ӵɫһҲȸղŵĺãһЩ
Ǻ񡭡鷳ˡü˵
ӿЦſһۣҲĵò
ҡͷòҲҿ׷ǵĹ紵ƬԵͣͲǰЩﲻԽ׳һĶ¸׺ݲǣĵҲ̺ɱ⡣
һ·ӿäĿʵһֱڸĵе·һһӡַ֤ѰҵΣգﰲȫ
ĸоѾӦˣָѾʵˡ
٣˵Ķԣ벻㾹Ȼܸܵɱ⣬Դĵ򵼳֮Ϊԭľïʢ续ȫ⣬ʵΣգ뱾ǻأƬشݲҰ޾ȻＫطص£أԭΪ̫̫ǿЩǿʬǶ˷ϣ׳ľ
һﾪˣ˶ǵһǰдеĲľʬǳɵģ
Խ࣬Խǿ󣬻þԽޣ
ˣϽ취ԭ·ذɣʲôʯҪҲա
˵ǶղŵĽУҲûʲôˣԭͲԸμΪԭ鷢չ̶ֳȣɱԹ
ȥӿЦóһѵ̣ղΪܣҵĶ̶ˣҪռȥ·Ѿܣֻƾ辭Ϲһֻͨɵİ߳ȥܻء
ֻɣпһ£ҧɵİҲãܱȴǿ
˵ţĿݺݵĵһۣͣ
ǰܱȵǿ
ˣһôԭ·ذɣ
м߸Ÿ͵ʱҲû˽ˣΪˡ
ӿЦֻõͷ԰ɣܲԭ·أʵûаա
˵ţͻȻһг𣬡Ǳָȥˣȥø졣
úܶüͷһ壬ʱ˭ԸûǾĻȻתͷȥֻ˵ĺȻ


1477 ֿ
ʵǿֻҲϲǷŭ֮
ȥø죿ܱ˵ôҪ㣬һطҪԼǻȥ
ܻ˵Ѿ޿ˣߣҲղŵĻеʵǿǲ٣˽⣬ñǶ࣬Ȼûʸ۾ḻӣ˵⻰޸ݡ
΢΢˵֣˵ǻȥø죬ʲô𣿡
ڴ˶ǣܻнǿߡ
ţһڳ߶һݣ֮ǰ˵ͨеڣʵֻһģֻǰ裬Ҳ˵ֻͨһڳȥҪǣҲܼ򵥡
ôܻнǿ׷ɱǣ˰ɣ
֮У˲ŵ˵Ǹֵý׷ɱ
ȴͻȻʲôתͷӡˣ֮ǰ˵ǣ飿
ӵͷֵֶַ֩ܵΣ֮Уֻó䡣
ΪʲôҪôǸгֻֻΪɱԽʯûõ
û𣡡ҡͷƽʱˮˮ
ˡƸеˡ
Ҳֻ˹Ӷѡʱ˵
˹Ӷһ֪ܶĻ
ϸ룬ƺδɱûʲô⣬˵ҪȥҲһڶ϶ȥƺ֪׷ɱߵʵĻһнǿǾͲƲ⣬ģ
Ļǳ⣡
ѵʶ׷ɱߣ˼άݣʳĻѾǳӽʵˡ
˶ȴĻش
΢΢Ĭһһٵ˵û⣬ǳġ
ʲô
ô˵ơӻܱ侲˶ʱŭգǷŭ˼㡣
Ȼǰһһץס죬ԭ㺦䵽ⲽأı׷ɱҪǣҸ㵽ʲôң
鼤Ҫ֣ʱϸܵһǿҵɱ⣡
µɱȫȻ䣬оԼ·һ̣Ҫ
·ҧһɫţݺݵĶ촽˵һ֣ƷŤ͵Ǿͻƽˡ
˵Щʱ򣬸ܵһɱĿ⣬˿̵ɳʸ֮ģ
оɵ˵˭֪ƫƫҪ˵ûϲۡ
뷨Ļҷ㡣ĮɱԽԽŨ
侲һ㣡
ӿ˵ʱ侲ӵ˵ǾܻȥҲ൱һˡ
ʱô侲ڱ׷ɱ
ĸ綼Ǵײˣһ
ǲٸнˣɣǶ·ٲڱ

˵ĲǲƽֻѾ御ǳᣡ
˺ܿ˹ʶЩ˵ĻϵЦ⣬һᣬأ
ڶΣ룬ûָ·ǾʮʵǿҲ⣬֪䡣
ͺлᱨ̫ˬˣΪĻᣬĳʱ׷ɱΪ˶Ҳֵˡ
֣иԡƿ£ΪҪ˵
һۣ˵ΪҪ
һҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
٣Сӻǲ֪Ǻӣֱ׳ˣ
˲˵Ц·ʵǿǵʵĻ˵ǱۣɱҲֻ
ǿʳķ˵Ǳһǿ׷ɱжҲȻҷϻһ䣬Ҫġ
ֻǶѵе
⡭㿴ˣҲֻ˵Ǹˡ̯̯֣˵˼ѾԣҲӴ˵οȷʵᱻ׷ɱӲΪԼڽǿߺֵ֩ܵ׷ɱʲôĿܡ
ǸҲε˵ƺв̣ҲֻܳĬˣͬôʲôʵ
ʱСħ̤ǰһߵߣļصһ£νĵ˵ԵûһŵģҪ﷢ȱ㣿
Сħⷬ˵ֻǳԾСħɾȻȴֱʦãں˵˵ЩʲôҪѾǸˣֻܱ
ˣ˵žҪȥץСħɵȴСħɶ㿪ˡ˵ôôµģԼʲôҪˣ
ʦãǱѵ𣿸Ҫˣò˦ۿųҪˣֻҪƽȥܸСħɻ빲飬˫˫ɣڣСħɾȻҪȥһ
΢΢һСħɣΪʲôҪң
Сħɲ֪Լӵһöƿĵ£󲿶ӸԼ˵ǾԵɱҲǾһ
СħɿЦˣͲͬ飬οһǷһء
ڳĵʱСħɣڣСħɶ顣
ң㲻СħɣǷһ˿Ц⡣
òϣʱԸⲻĸԼӿһ˿ж
ʲôЦｫҪɾôСط䣿
Сħɴֵİⷬ˵˻ûʲôˣӺ˶ҭš
ɾ񣡣
ܶ˶ĿɾʮֿţɾǼֱ
СŮ˰ɡ
еһͷȻ뵽֮ǰСħڵ龰ȴ˵ˣôڵĻҲôһ߿ܣɾ
ֱǲľţ
ʦã
޷ݴʱеƣ֪Сħһʲô˭ģħʼ𶼲⣬СħУһûУıСħɵľֱΡ
˵ûõˣҹҲǲôݰݣϣǳȥʱܻż㡣СħɿЦţƺҪȥһĴգսһ㡣
սȭͷָĿ۽УȷʵܸСħɣȻõСħɣҲ֪ԼԶ˵ԼģʤһУ
ѾȷˣСħһһӡ
ʱڵĲԭͻȻ磬Ļ֮Ʈ裬˴龰֮ܵɴ磬ӵɫȴȻˡ
㡭ˣ


1478 ʬ
ôˣˣ
е˼þ֮ݣͻȻô˵˶ʮ־衣
ҪЩʬζ
Ӵ󺰵Ȼ˲䣬һ֣߱һ˲ʧЩһƤϣЩ·˲ڻһ㣬ʺѪҺ壬ֱûѪ֮С
Ȼһһ̣ëȻһĻˣմϵĻԽԽ࣬ҲŻһڻɺɫҺ壬һѪĻѿչ١
ĸ룬̰ɵĺɫҺ壬Ȼ߱յˣ
һĻͷƤ顣
ҪûʬķֳֶΣһö꣬ܳһʬ
Ӽٴʬԭ͵һǿʬΪϵֲӵмߵҩüֵȻҪժȴܸܿĴۡ
ʱ춼ǻ꣬˱ǣЩ㣬ʶЧһڣ˼άٶۣҪܻĹϼѣ

ǱվһֻҪŹȥӮˣ
ӿ˵ͬʱ񱳵һնһûκαĿĵâкö걻һΪʺҺ֮С
Ȼÿնһö꣬ӵĵâҲᱻ֣ö֮һʧˡ
ΪʥǿߣȫһҲֻ鿪ö꣬Ȼʻʵ̫࣡
һ𹥻
ƺ·׷׳ǹǵʵҲܹһ棬пĻ꣬ȫǹâ顣
ߣһ˷סһ棬˴˵ϵŻĹǵһ䵥ɣ
ʱСħˣ컨֮С
ʦã󺰡
ˣԹ˲Ͼ߼˵Ǳޱȴѹϵͷ˭ܱˡ
ݣ
ʺĻͬɵתСħͯĳȴǳɱ˲䱻öеܿռ䡣
ֳǼһЩϣʲôµĺ
ľ֮У꣬ȫע֮УһɲçϢ֮ɢ
ɿռ䣡

ǳĺ֮СħΧĿռʱѹüӲڣµѹڻ֮ϣһʱ䣬Щ·֮Уٶȴ
صĻꡣ֪ͨԷÿһö֮У̺һԹ飡⻨֮УѪ˵ǻ䣬˵Ѫ⾫ۡ
ʬһѪ֮
Ԫ۶а֮
ת£ֻı죬Ļֱӱɿռǿµѹѹñѿ
ͬʱСħ˫ִһӡɫ汬ʣĻȫգѪⱻɣԹ鱬飬ֻʮϢʱ䣬СħɵϹ£һٶö걻ȫ
⡭
ڱ໨Χӵ˿һĻ˵ˣ֪Сħʵǿ󣬵ǿ̶ֳȣҲ̫˵㣬ֻˣͱ˼ǿ
ʵϣһȡսҲΪĺɿռʺսСħɵĻ棬Ҳʬ֮Ŀơ
ǰɣɫʯԱߣһ𹥻
ѸٵĴСħɣ໨걬һ˲䣬ǿĸ֪ɢȥ׽ʬĲڡ
ʬó䣬Ǿḻ򵼣Ҳҵλá
һ㣬ηǿĸ֪⣬ҲΪղһ˲໨һըʬܵ˷ɣй
ĻСħɸû˿ɣȻһ޳Яµķ
Ҳǽһǹ̳
һ̣а֮Ӱֿ׻֮й
¡
µľ죬ƬԴ˺һ飬һͨɺ죬ͬ˲һĸֲƳһʱ䣬֪ٸ뱻ϡ
֨֨֨
ʺĸڿзļƺӵǣ֮ͼܡ
ʬǸҵˣ
ȫˣû뵽ƿʬΧһʬı嶼˳
ʬ岢ǿֻó䣬һһ벽ʥǿ߶ɱ
֨֨֨֨֨֨
ںĿѹ£ʬҽвֹĸͷ·һѪˮϾҪըѿ
֣ĪҪһҩģ
ۿʬҪը飬Ӽæѡ
һûг˫ִʮӡʬĸ֮С
󷨡ӡ
ۣ
ɢŻ춴Ϣķӡɷ˵ʬһʬڽӡ˲仹ڿţȻܿ죬ûϢ
ʬΧӵ˵ĻҲˣ࣬󻯳ɺɫҺ壬֮С
нٺǣĿһѪʬ
꣬Ҳֲ̫ˣµΣȻҲ赭дĻˣ
ȴ֪һ㣬Ϊ涼ƾƽʬĻΧƾԶ˵ĸ֪ʬλá
ʩչֶεû㣬棬Ҳ㵽޷ӣǾţ
áƺŪһ¡ϵȷв֮Ѫĳɾȴǲ֮ѪģѪԣֻһĶˡƿв֪ʲôζΪѪѹˡ


1479 
ҿⶫ档
Сħɿеʬȥ˿ֲѪȵĶСħȴܰߣʵڲòп񾭵ǿߵͼˣԼɱ˶֪٣ʬΣգǲںϲðա
ʬһɫ˲ΣıȴһѪһĴУ͸ıƤܿƤŵĺɫѪ
Ƕֲ
ⶫǸħеʬƣֶ࣬ˡ
аţʬҲǿʬϵֲȻ·ǿǣħӵǿ߶ֻƽˣûкõϣʬҲԶʬôǿ
ʵħӺ붼зյҲǿ䣬ݻƷƵֲϡ档
ⶫʲôã
ӡ
ӵϵʬƺֵܶҩֱӳȥҲкôǸԼ޳ԣܹٽԼ޵Ľ
Ŀǿ֮Ӷ̬
ٽԼ޽Сħƺ˷ܣ뵽ǴƣôƳˣȻܹٽĳɳֻʬҪץˣĶ
΢΢ü֪ʬʲô
֣һö򣬶л˺ܶ÷ȥһۣ֮󣬻ٵͺˡ
˵ӳһöɫ
ӹʶһɨݹȻ˵гǧ
еļϸЩ㡢׽ҪעΣգһгʹҩ֮
ﻹǼصĺܼԣȻϢԭ
ȻöֵСӦ򵼵Ĵ֮һ
Ȼ򵼶ԣҪĴле֮ռ֮·֮ԼжϸֵòǷΣյ
ֺĴУӳԷ̣Ҳʦʦ汲ܽĶȻ͸ˡҾ͸ҲһһϦѧᡣ
лˣ
ͿʼĶЩ֪ǿ󣬹ĿĪ˵һöʵ򣬾ǵۿʯһţġ顷䡣
ֻһʱ䣬ͽ꣬ӵ棬ˡ
ڣףǻ߳ȥ˵ţСħһۣ㻹ûıô
ȻСħԼ°ͣǲǺܸж
е㡣һЦ˵
˲УԶȥܿ죬ǵӰʧڻ֮С
һĻӵ˲֪ʲôо
硭ҾǸֿǸ󡭡ߣµ˵
ҡͷΣջ࣬һ·һֱһ𣬵ô
һ䷴ʣҲֻܻͬΣҲܻصʱ˭ҲðΣգȥİˡ
ǻСһЩɣʵҪͽǿ׷ɱ˫Σ¶ɹѹأϣ㣬ǿҲȽǿǿ
˵ţжͬҲ⡣
֮Ĳʵ̫ˣ󾳽޷Խĺ蹵
ο뻹иµΣգȫܶԸ˵ģ˽ƵĻٲ
ǳһֿ֣ʼһ;

Ǻǡֿˣ
ھԶһɽȣħֵ֩ǵ׷ֻϣϣҲ޷ȫ϶ǲǸķֻֿǸƲ⡣
ֿ°ͣķֿĻӦǲʲô򲻻ֱַĴ£֪׷ɱǣóȻ򵼷ֿɱ
ӹͷֿ֮ѰѶȣʹࡣ
Ǽӿٶȣ
⡭ֵ֩¶ɫӿٶȣζŸΣա
ţҵüͷһ塣
ң֪ˡֵֻ֩ҧӦ£òͷܹڽǿߣõ߶ͬʱҲζǱҳеķա
λˣǰ治ԶڣֻҪǽ룬͸Ҫҵ˴ͬһյ֮УʱǾͿøֱ֪ˣȻ֪ҲᾪһЩδ֪ĴڣΣա
ֵ֩ܳѣѾ֮Уھǰ


1480 ׷ɱ
Į絶޾Ļɳ֮УŲ֪޹ǣȥһƬ
ĳȥһأȻ־ʱȴһڴԭ˳
·֮еĵƣֻܿƤëǿЩƤëԭ֮˳ͨʵʵӡ֤ԵһЩ
˵СħͻȻ˵д׽ζе
ʲôСħɡ
ôһ㷴ӦûУȻѾǳˣǱһӽгôñʾһ¾Ȱɣ
ôãڲŲݣСħڴϿһ˿ľȣеɾ͸УȻķӦʵ̫ƽˡ
ͺñԼѾĻ¶һʲôӦûУСħе㲻ˬ
㲻֪ˣҡҲ֪֪ˡ΢΢һЦȻ˵
ðɣûСħ̯̯֣ô죿н׷ɱ㣬ҪԾһ룬Ҹǣһ˻ָ·ȴҪûͷӬһҴƺôǶѽ
֪ˣǷһȡ
˵ˣǷһۿˣҪһ£ҿгӣʲô㣬˵˵
ҡͷһû뵽õİ취̹˵ҵв̫вڽǿߵ׷ɱҪľĵϸڣеһЩ뷨һһӡ֤Ϥƿصиʱ
ⷬ赭д˵ȻСħȴðԾ
û򵼵£Ȼ˵вʲộ
СħɳԾǣȻ˵ҪϤ뻷ƾеĲ˼飬ղѾʵݣСħɶҪǲǵõĳ򵼵Ĵˡ
СħɰԾʱ֪̽·µУѰһԽٵĵطΪܷλս׼
ʱͻȻеһɵĸ֪ɨԼֻһš
Ȼһɸ֪Ȼޱģĸоȴˣ̽طѰ룬ҵԼ
һУڶֻ࣬ҪԼˣ̽طûκЧ
УֻҪø֪ѰԼôݣûκ塣Է֪ԼѾ£һ۱԰ҳ
˷ˣ
һ˵СħɸղҲĲи֪ӹ޼ɵø֪а汻ѻ˵ˣȷʵǽǿߵ׷ɱ
СħʱҲЦˣյأ׷ɱ

׼һչӳȥ

ʱ֮⣬һ˱һȺΧս
ԭֵܴ֩·ǵһȫʮְȫȡֱ
Ȼеܴˣһʩչ֮ڵĸ̽طʹǾҹеĵһϵΧаǰʳ
鷳
һһͷʬɷü˵ڳǵǲЩавɴ谭ǵнٶȡ
ʱߣڤͻȻ˵Ǳ·ɡ
ţ
ᪿڤӡ
һѰЧֿ̫ͣѰңһЩ
ǵĸ֪̽鷶Χں̶ܴغˣܹ·ȷʵࡣ
᪺ܴһۣܴͷԡ
ڤӴΪߣ򵼶á
𣬳мɱ֮أʲôΣա
ȻһеǰǲȣȣҲҪ䣡
ڤӵͷչֱɶȥ
ϣܹһ׷ӡǣҲΪİȫǣΣ
ڤҪ뿪ʱܴ˵˵䣬ָ⸡ֳһ׷ٷģ·֮ģ·һӡϣڤӵΪҲĨ
ڤ΢΢üϲ׷٣ԥһ£ǵͷͬˡ
ָܴһıûڤӵ塣
ڤӲٳɣתӶȥ
ڤӱӰʧ˵һͻȻ·Ȼʲôԭ򡣡
һıߣڤӱҲһıңͻȻֱ϶ͼ
ܷһЩʲôҪȥ̽Եֻҵȥɱϵĺô
ܴһ˵üͷһ壬㻹뿪׷ӡҲûʲôãΪҪɱֻһ˲飬ʱϵȫҪõ
ܴӵ£ҪܣҪιԲݣд˼ڼɱҲ£һڤӣͶһְգڤɱϵĺôҲ׬ˡ
Ҳǡ
ܲκδ۾ɱҲֵˣȻǰ֪ϵʲôܣ֪ħĴڣ컯ʥʶԳ֣Ϊ˶Ӱʥսϧ
ܴ²Ĳʵ̽ڤӶʤܴܴĵ֮Ҳ޷ڤȡ
ڸղţڤѾѰλãһһŮˣСħɣ
·ȻҲΪ˶ϵܡ
ĩյˣϵһУҵˡڤĿһ˿ɱһ죬Ѿȵ̫ã
ȲҪɱڤӵĸ֪һӹСħɣһαȸղŸ
һݣ˽ŲˣѾˣٶȱǿö࡭


1481 ڤ
ţСħҲǶ½Ųڸղŵ˲䣬Ҳܵǹǿĸ֪ƾ֪жϣʵڽ֮ϡ
˵˼ôҸһ𣬾ôֹطǿߴš
СħɳֽĳޣʱѾû壬Ǳǿߵĸ֪ˣǵٶȣ׷ǳ顣
˭׷ɱ㣿Сħʵ
΢΢ü˵ұΪʥĵ᪣ƺһˡ
ŵԽԽԷϢҲԽԽĴϢҵһЩϤĸо
ѵǡ
뵽˵ݣͫ΢΢һֻһ̣Ĳ²͵õ֤
һڹһĸߴӣĳֳֺۣɫͬ˲һĺСħɵǰ
ȼŵĺףɫ˫ͫѪ졣
ˣڤӣ
ʱڤӣȫϢ籡ͬҹħֻܵ˼ѹ
Ǻþòѽ
öȴ̺űɱӾԨ
Ȼ㡣
ֳַѪǹɫˮĻҪ⣡ԭΪֻǽû뵽ȻǴǿߡ
ʮˣʱ޿̲ڵȴ졣ڤ˵ţ建ƮСħɵǰϸһòЦǾտó棬ϢܸıˣϧڣѾûˡ
Ŀ΢ϵòı䣬Ƥð𪣬ٱӢͦҲθһЩǱøǿ׳
ָ˱ݣߣСħɵҲˣ±Ǹǵĺҹ顣
λС㣬ȻǼɶ
ڤӿСħɣСħƤ΢ȻϵڤӣΪڤӾħʼģħʼ칬ѧϰħʼ칬ĴС
ʱָڤӼǵõħʼĶ飬ڤѾȫ࣬ڸ˼ɣɱԼҲûܡ
ϾСħϵĹŷѪļƷϣǳһֻޣ
㣬ΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣСħʵ
˵̫ˣԹעұɱ˵ˣҵһѾ̫ãԽ죬ʲôҲֹңС㣬òǴվһ߰ɡ
СħսޣĬ
̫źˡڤ˵ƽ۽棬һ˿˿ɱֹסӦ֪ԣǱ游жңȷʵȻʮǰɥʧһֻ֣Ѫؿգɵ壬ӴƾڵңȻûп̤𾳽磬ҪĲѪҩʧѪ
ڤ˵䣬ȫɱ¶ʱһͷ˵Ұޡ
Сħɵ죬ʱҲоڤ˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼ赭д˵ҪԼĻ
ЩСħɲ֪˶ٶзǷ֮ˣ뷨ҪȡԪ˫֮ڤɥĲ
ڤӸ߾ٳȫϢµܣȫžһ˿һܵĿܣ
òΪ£Ŀܰɣһ㾡ȫɱ㣬κߵĻᣬ֮һ̳һУδԸȥ׷翵۷壬㣬̤۷֮··ʯ
ڤ˵䣬Ȼеĳֱȡ׼
һڤ֮ǰ˵ûκ֣ɫĽⷢХΧĿռֽͬһп֮£ΣӵۺǣһҲƹ֮һ㣬
ȫһԲֵܹģ
ǧһ֮ʣȫԪޱĹע֮С
Ԫӿڤһ̳˲䣬һʯɳתţѸٷŴ
ţǣ
ڤһʯϣܵһɲçۻϢȻǷ
ȻٲĶһߵϣڤΪκ˵ԼĿܣȻСڤӻǱܿʯĽڿһȦ
ۿŽҪȡ׼һɲǣһɵӺʯСħɵϡ
Ҫ
Сħɶ߿ٵԪʵСħҲʮʱʲôȫ񣬱ɺڹϯţֱӷʯ֮С
һֻ̣һµı죬ȫڤӵһ䴩ˣؾҵĲţǧɳϯ纣Хһգ
Сħֻתںڹֺĳ֮£صˤ˺ʯ

һ죬ײǽϣַ棬оȫѪӿһţȴоģͷһȴСħɱѹ¡
Ǹ
оЩΣǸ˵
Ǹ㻹ϽȥӴʹСħͷղŵײԴǽϣѪһײͷѪˡ
ʲôطСħʵ
Ԫ칬˵ħӣ̳лԪĴУԪĻԪ칬ǻԪԼıˣֻҪԪ칬֮УΪߣ޷ƣȻǰǻԪ칬ӵ㹻
Ԫ칬
СħһӦʱ򣬺ʯҵСħֻоһɴַɵ˰գ̲סһ
ڤڹǡ
һԪ칬֮龰ȫӰ
칬֮⣬ڤ˫ֳֽһն칬֮ϣȻȫȻֻ칬һ£Ҫƿڣȴܣ
ʲô
ڤ֮ΪϾҪɱȴһͻʣûгԵ
ػ޷ơڤüͷⶫƵģӦеľǿߣ򲻻ᵥһ󷨣־̵̶ֳܼȣ
ȻǻԪ𣡡ڤӴʯϣܵһںԭʼϢ֮ǰʷ伮ͻϵĴǻԪ²⣬һõ֤ʵ
ԵԪƿһܣʥ壬ܣпϣǵõˣȻһ죡
뵽ڤ񼤵
Ȼ˻Ԫ칬֮УģԪ칬ػֻҪ󷨣ҪֻҪԼĹԪ칬ľôץǳ顣
뵽ڤȫԪҪٴγ֣ʱԪ칬ͻȻ͵һ̣һ磬һһ㣬Բ˼ٶ߷ȥ
ʲô
һĻڤӼҪҧ飬ȻܷУٶô죡
⣬һֱҸȥҲҪðŲСķգҪܻϼѣ


1482 עһ
ãã֮ϣһʯԲ˼ٶȷӶļٷУ˺Ѵʱγǿ
ĳ棬Ȼаע⣬һͺ𣬼ʮֻаڷɶʯײ
ۿЩҪа飬ɫĮϵԪ֮ϣѵ֮ȼգԪ칬ٶֲֻ¡һ죬ЩﱻԪ칬ӭײ˸飡
ۣͣڹ֮УСħɿŻԪ칬Ʋɵӣ˵ֱ֡˵СҲ̫صˣıôóҪȵڤ׷ıǱ
ҵȵȵóԪ칬Ϊ˿˭׷ɱң֤ҵĲ²⡣
ԭΪ׷Ļǵ᪣벻ڤӣ˿ڤӦǵ᪰ԮǱ·׷ɱԼһֻڤһˣһ᪺͵Ϯӵֵ֩ܡ
Ԫ칬֡ѵǻԪƵģСħɶʷҲм˽⣬Ԫ칬֣뵽˻Ԫ
ţ
ֲãԭǻԪôĹүүǶû취Ƴ
ħʼħ֮ȻԪܶࡣ
ԪͨɷԺ֮´ԻԪʯۣ󷨣ܼ
ԪõĲϣҲγ֮֮ʱݻĻʯ̣ⶼǿĲϣԪ칬֮УʹĲʯ˻Ԫ칬򶼿ƾ˫
꣡
һ죬Ԫ칬ȻһƺײʲôСħǿĹ֮ײһ
ôˡСħɾ
ײˣü֪ϵ֮Уָղȷʵߴˡ
һֱյ·ǰܿеĲɱȻһԵ·ĺ廹Ԫ칬ٶ̫죬Ҳϸ˲ųײ¡

ղŵľײ칬֮еö뱬ɷĩİ˿žҲơ
ЩѿľüͷøԪ칬ǿǲ٣κǿ󶼲Ե޹ʵġ
һֻԪ칬ôҪɡȻΪޣ߱߶Ԫ칬ҪԪ칬Ҫ
Ԫ칬ܹƲɵķУҪǮȼաǲЩҪϵľޣһĹˣԪ칬Ͳʹˡ
ҲһʼûóԪ칬һԭĵƣ򲻵ѵʱ׶á
㻹жپ񣿡СħɿѿİöƤ΢΢һ
һžһʯ
Ԫ칬ƽʱУ٣֮УԪ칬Ҫһ·ƿԹ飬֮ǰڤӵȫļ
šı죬˿ž񣬻ɷɻҡ
ٶȣδ̫ˡ
һĨЩ˵ľȫߣ˿µģͬʱдھȼգ󷨵
оôСħɡ
С
˵
СħɽԼľóһжʮţóķεľʵĻ൱ٿžˣҲǵʱڻԪ칬̳еı֮һԭź龫
ôһ񣿡Сħɿ΢΢ԾҲ̫ݳ˰ɣ
ǵõʲôԵȻôУ
˵Щ㹻֧źܳʱˣǱڤ湥Ļ죬еľͻȼմҲ˵Ǳڤ׷ϣһ
ٵķڵʽڤ²ҲûסԪ칬ҪͻڤӵԪ칬ȴҪ̫Ĳ
Ǹô죿ܲһֱڤȦӣĻǵҲľ
Сħɸø֪ȥ̽飬֪ڤӶȻ׷Ǻ档
мٷУǲҪ飬ô񣬵ǰлԪ칬·ʲôа顢Թ顢ֻҪͼԪ칬ģҷ
ҲΪԭ򣬻Ԫ칬ĵü죬ڤлԪ칬·Ҫа飬ǳɡ
ȥڤݴͣǳ
ҵһ뷨һ֣ص˵˦ڤӣҲֻһطҶҽȥǾȥ
˵ǡĻСħһݣȻദµĵطųƴҲп䣬ҲֻпѣʵĿԲ󣬻ôȴҽ롣
ôҽ룬Ӧ˵𶼲ҽĵطֻһǾǡȣ
㲻ҪȥȰɣСħ첻µزµӣµ뷨Ҳɫ䡣
ǣͷ
Сħɵһȣ˵ȥ޻أѵ㲻ţǽУܳ𣿡
һЩգһģ
Ѿȷϣؾ֮У
ȻˣҪһȣ·ؿõ壬ֻһ˵塣
жȻΣգǱľ·
ĻԵȻڤڱ׷ᣬȴֱӽȣ
ҿˣôã˽ƵġӴԽ࣬СħԽǸоϳأء
𶼻ĵط˵аô˾òףСħɾδزţܴ漣
ãȻ˵аգҾ㣡


1483 
䣡
һԪ칬ͻƣЩ·µģʮۼȻݻγɵġ
ŻԪ칬ϵͻײаڻԪ칬֮ڣǼѿɷɻҡ
ɫĻµľǿӭס龫ľҲֱˡ
ôһĹ򣬻Ԫ칬ĵľѾﵽʮ顣
ģҸԣСħҲզ࣬Щȫǧ絤򽫽ʮö
Ȼ£ͷģһʱԪ칬˶ôֲĹǲԪ칬֮УֱеΣյĻܻܲߵﻹ˵
¡¡
˸Ԫ칬ͬһ㻮ʣٶȼ죬ʱѾ߰ǧľ룡
СӣȻõķ鱦ˣҪ߶Ҳô׵ģûôǿԪ鱦ͱȼմľҵҪľֶܼá
ڤ׷ᡣ
׷ҲɣȻ󲿷аԹ顢Ԫ칬ײƣǻһЩ©֮㣬ڤɱڼײ֮£ЩԹڤӵ
ʱڤӺͻԪ칬ǰһɫɽ
ɫɽߵÿֲǰշ壬εضʮɣֱͬһ㡣
ɽب룬ԲһΪ
ɽǡ
ڤüһɽþ޴Ŀ̵һ㣬ν񹤣ԶԶȥһɫĴǰշ壬ǣɽ壬צʵΩΩФȻγɵġ
״һϿȣǡƾſĴ죬һƬף·ҪһС
ֵò
ڤһݣһɫɽſ޿ڣ롣
ž޿ڣĪһ־ѹ֮У·һУռʱ֮Ϊ޿ڵĴڶŤžУԶ޷
ֻ֮Ļ춴
ȣ
ڤԺ˲䷴Ӧ
֮ǰֵ֩ϸѯ˹Ȼ֪ȵĴڣȻǵһμϿȣȴ˲϶ȣûκλɣܸѹָк;Уƽ֮ء
ųȥ޻ص֮أ
ڤһݣպգҲԾķ˽ŲȻſп֮ҲԼܹӦ˵ģ
ѲҪȣ
ۼԶǱɫĻԪ칬ֱȶȥڤסˡ
ˣΪԼ׷ɱ·ӣԹעһĳȣ
޷ĵطоǿĹҲһЦˣ𲻵á
СӣĻִ£
ڤӸе޷ţĸ֪һֱڻԪ칬֮ϣȷԪ칬ò棬ǻļ
ѲѾ͵͵ˣڤлͷˣԼĸ֪һǿԼ׷ɱ֮£͵͵˽ѿȻ֪
¡¡
Ԫ칬һٶȼʯֱȵڣ
Ծ޴˵Ԫ칬ԵüΪСˡ
ָоһʯӣһ޴ĺڶ֮С

Ԫ칬ڷȵʱ򣬷·ܵ˾޴ǣʼȻ٣ǣ֮£Ԫ칬һ޴ߣεĹ켣ȵڣڻԪ칬ڵʱ̣ռƺŤʹûԪ칬Сûڰ˲䣬ѾСͬһɳˡ
ȥˣڤӳͣΣŵźڣȴûа׷ȥ
ôȣԶ޷棿
Ǹڤӣ֮û⣬οΪô͡
Ȼֱȴڤ޷ţд˵ߣô򵥵ˣ
ƽߣһ·ɳ֪˶վȴȫܻΪģڤԼҲǸʹ׷ɱȻʧܣ
˵ô򵥾ˣţ
Сӣ׺«ʲôҩ
ڤӲȣҲԸţĻϵһܶӰʲôòˡ
ǻҾţһز㣬һ꣬һز㣬ʮ꣬ʮز㣬Ҿʮ꣬һֱص棬ôһ߿ܣ
ڤӴΣھȲԶĸ֮У̫ȣΪоһͻᱻȥռ䡢ʱ䣬ڴҲȫŤˡ
ĵطڤҲɵѡ
ֻҪȣطڤӵʵֻҪСһЩͲʲô⡣

Ľˣ񣡡
ڻԪ칬֮УСħɶ˵ڻԪ칬һ˲䣬СħҲס˺޷ƽǹغĶĲ˵аմٳǰж٣Լ˵塣
֮ضǵĽѣδؾͲǻԵ
˵ţ֮еʱܹ֮죬Ԫ칬֮УСĽ֪̽Ԫ칬ʱѾȫŤˡ
ȣڻ춴
ͷȷʵ춴һЩ֮ͬн޳ͬӡһУŤʱա
ڻ춴֮Уռ䱻޵ѹʱҲ֮УʱƺҲˡ


1484 ʬ
Ԫ칬аķУģ֤мûʲôΣա
û뵽˵ΣյȣȻƽ˾ø֪̽Χȷûʲôа֮󣬿ڶСħ˵ȥɣڤӣȻûи
ΪѰҴأһֱڻԪ칬֮Уעͽ޹
á
СħӦһ⴫˵еأҲɫء
УһƬȫ˹֮ԪصڣΪߵߣʹø֪
ٴȷΧûʲôΣ֮󣬵һƻ磬΢Ĺâ俪ܡ
СħɿһĿ硣
гĹ߿ȥȲǧɿȻУȴչʮ
ʮľ޴󶴿ߣ˸ֻߡϵĺۼ
ȱıѵף߲ʯԼɢʬǣ
У˵׹ҲΪ
ܶͷѾ·绯СĴ˲ɢɺĹǷۣ
еĵطǷ̫ʵһŲȥһĽѡ
˸пʮʵ̫ˣûʲôܳܵסµţҲһѣ֮Ҫ࡭
Сħ̾һʱȴڵϣһȱĳì
ìͨڣضѣì˼࣬ì棬ܸܵµɱ
ľɵìˣĹעҲˣ˵ʮĹҲֹ
ţСħһݣֹʮꣿ
ѵûз֣ʱո粻ͬô
˵ţСħһϸ̽һȷʵ˵
ΪӵʱͿռ䶼ȥˣʱٺͿռ߶ȶ粻ͬ
漸ǧɿϿȣȴʮ
ŵʱ䣬Ҳ
ȷʵͬʮһʱ١СħɱĿһжϡ
ʵʱշϵ裬ȻѾǳڣǱСħһЩȴܵһʱ䷢ʱձʧ⣬Ϊе춴ƣ롣
󷨵Ļ춴ӣΪǿʱѹﵽ÷ӡЧ
ʮһʱ٣Ҳ˵ЩʬǣѾ£õۣСħסˡ
ʵ·ʷѾ׷ݣ˵ʮ꣬˵ǰϣǰĻЩʬǣѾһǧ꣡
һǧʲôСħɸоˣĪ˵ʬǣǴǧ綼٣ǳҪ䡣
µĵطСħţоȣǼ¼·ʷʷ飬Щʬǣдʷ֡
Сħھ̾ţʱȴһֱڱĿ֪ʲôܾ֮ȷһʵ
ɶûз֣ʱȻı䣬ǷûбŤ
һʱ֮Уʱٿı䣬֣һһǧʱ綼԰õ
ʱıʱٵĳ̶ԽôξԽ޷
Уȴ
Ͳ򣬸Ч࣡
ʮʱ䣬Ҳȥһѣ
ģ
Сħһ£˵ϸӡ֤ȷʵˣ
ǲǿﾡ
СħɻȱĶʱ䣬ȻһչصʥģҲΪСħɽʡ൱һʱˡ
ԣϧԪ̫ϡˣҪĴľ·ӵж컯ֶΣȣȻܹЧ
ԸпСħȴ˷ܷǳھͿʼ
̽һȵɣʵٸߣ߲ȥҲǰ׷ѡ
һˮСħɸո˷ܵһϨһ롣
˵û߲ȥĻʲôǰ״
Сħһ·ǰУȻһ͹ĹʯϿһ֣ϼ֪ӣյ֮ʱ֮ȣѰż£ʷ֮գ
֣СħһۣӶԷп֮ɫ·ʢ֮Ҳ޷ܶлɣǷǿʣʯϣͿ֤֤֮ǰĴԺ޿֮
ϼ𣬲֪ʲôΪֵ˺̶ֳȣԪ֮ʱŸ̤ȣȻΪûл߳ȵİգʶ֮ʱһСħ˵䣬дһ˿ɫ𶼶߳ûκģҪŸҽοߣ
ʱСħҲҡ
֮ȣӦȵıˣΪ̫Զ̫࣬ڵ˽ǽСȡˣϼ˵Ӧþ·ˡ
߰ɣǼȥǰ濴
˵䣬СħһǰԽɽʬǷԽ٣ЩʬǣʬźܴĲͬܶʬǷžӨĹͬһ㣬Ȼʬǵ˲ûȥ̫á
ҲЩмֵĶ
ţһӣöֽ˵УЩֽ仹ʹãĿռ䣬жȡ˳ȻЩȴ΢΢ʧǴѾʧû̫๦Чˡ
ˣ˵ʮһʱ٣Ӧòеķ˲ǣһǧ϶вҲȣЩ˵ķҩʱ䣬Ӧܱǡ
Сħ˵ţҲ˵ʣϸ̽һҡͷȷʵ̫ˣҲǲǼ򵥵ĸ࣬Ǳе󷨣Ԫ
Ҳ󷨣ֻҪ󷨣תҪ˴Ԫ֮⣬Щǿ߷ҩеԪҲǷǳѡ
˵Ķԣȷʵһδ֪ڳƬһԪҲʹԪԣСħϸһ£˵


1485 ڣ
Ԫ̫ϡСħɵѣһֱʹþ
Ǽǰ߰ɣǰ滹ʲô
˵ĸо֮ȵһɿµħ
ɫʯ޾ǰɢʬԽԽ٣ǹԼԼڵħ֮ȴԽԽǿ
ֱСħתһսǣǰ龰Ǿˡ
ǰһ޴£²֪ж֮£һƬޱ޼ʵĻ̹ӨӨĺǣٲȻһ󵽿µķĹ
ЩǣаɳǧɳǴڵ£ֻ¶Сڵ֮ϣǾС֣ȴҲÿˣມǱɽߣգɢޱȿµϢ
Ҫ֪Щͷֻߺǵһ֣ܰƴγĺǣǸж峤ǧҲпܡ
ǡ֮ǣ
лͷϢӴ壬Ҳֻ޲ܾˡ
ޱĹڣ֮аޣ϶ֹһͷкܶͷ֮ޱϡٵޣȴƬİ
Щ֮ǣСħϲɫޣôޣţ
СħԼǰޣ޵ϢȻоЩ֮ȫʵĹͷôǵļֵԹϧˣǾ̫ƾãѪѾɺԣԪҲˡ
Сħ˷ܵЩ֮ǷȥҪ̽һ£ûõޣʵȥ꣬ԪŸɾ֮ǣҲмļֵǿƸַЩ޹ǵϢԼ档
ЩޣѾȥ̫ˡ
Сħø֪̽һе֮ǣûаѪ֮£ޱ߷Ĺƺһֱһɿħ¶в
Ĺʲô
СħлͷĹһξ롣
ʱһƮͻȻСħɵĶУˡ򡭡ǿܻزˡ
ͻСħһˣ
˭
СħɶǾ֪̽ܣӲûҳʲôڸ
ǸûСħɶһۣͬʱӶԷп֮ɫ֮Улˡ
λǰһ棬·˱ȣǰǡ
²⣬ԷҲȵˣ֮У֪ʲôΣգԿ϶ҪﳤȥȻô׵飬֮еԪᱻߡˣܹôãĿǰڣĻʲô˲õ
˺һ˵֣졣
򵥵֣ûκγƺţҲԹԷΪʱϼ֮Уȴ·ĴȻ
Ŷ
һ֣ɲ˭ġһܹгۣȻǾ˽ܡ
𣬻ǰʧ٣벻Ȼ˸п
˵ţ˵һ꣬ʮ꣬ôѾǧˡ
һҲѡ
𶼱ǧ꣬ȹȻ鴫һĬһ˫۱ȭʵǰ֮ȵʲôŹ֣ƺˣǰ֮⣬ˣ
ǧܸ˽ȣЩոսȵˣҲо£Ӧûܻǣȣֻʣһˡ
̾һûֱӻشĻ̾˽ܣȴ׷ɱ⴦أǿϧ
һ˿ϧ֮ɫȻСħûаܻųȥˡ
ιλүүܲ˵㼪ҲǾϣȥأСħɲԸˣо˵ñɡ
ȥ̾һܳȥͳȥˣαǧꣿЩ꣬Ҳ֪Ŀ˶˽ܽһʼǱֵһǿ־壬𺳡˷ܣ뷽跨ĳȥܶˣʵԽԽǿȻƾǶ߳ȶģǻۿԪһţļį;ǻʹࡢŤɱ
˵ţðզ࣬УһɲļįȴľǿˣҲܲס
Ҹղ˵ˣһЩΪﵽƽߣǲʸлܾãЩߣֻܻ¶ѣΪÿһʱ䣬ͻᱬµħͬХһ㣬һ𷨱ҩ׭һ·ʬǣħ֮ĳϫ֮¡
˵һֲԽڴʬԽ࣬ԽڲʬǷԽ٣ЩˣǱϫһħƵ档
ʥˡ
ǹħʲôǴڣ緢ģ
ǡ
ڣô£
ȵʱڣѾˣѾǧ£оڣóĽǣһ޴󷨡һˣϰ޵޹ǣóһµ󷨣󷨾ʲôȴûŪ
ϰ޹ǲõ󷨣
СħۣǾ˵ˣǾ춯صĴֱʣ󷨵ˣʮа˾·ˣҲֻӵֻǲ֪һΪʲô


1486 Ұ
үү֮ǰҲҪĹڣͻزˣСħͻȻĻʵ
̾һ˵⼸ǧĹڣˣҲûмǻųֻдħϫ󣬻ǵʬǡ꣬ĹڣȥѰҳ֮ȿܴڵĳڣ֮ұеһɿħٻ·Ҫʧңͽ޹
ħٻ𶼻ʧ
ͷһԿ϶ȲһأȻа취·ûһЩԺĺЦ
˵гڣôпܾĹڣΪôˣֻδ˽ȥ
ǰѾǳˡ
΢΢ĴУоԷϢѾвԭǻ壬ΪԴϢ΢ӣ֤֧Ų̫ˡ
ԳһЦ˵ĲЩ꣬Ҿ˲֪ٴħԳϫⶴ֮УԪ΢ҴĻ꾧ԪѾľֻ΢ԪֿϫʴͬʱҪάֻĴϢֻҷӲд
һ˵Ķᣬһ콾³ڳ֮аװ׺ķ˼ǧĹʵ˸п
ǰһ£֪ʲʡԥһ£˵
ҶҪˣʲô˵ģʰɡԵú̹Ȼ
ġһ£ǰΪҪȡҲǰ˵ĳ֮ȣǰݡλ·ѾһˣȣһȻڴ޽ʱ򣬲ҲҪ棬һ·ıԴܣ֮ܲ̽·
ˣ˵һЩʥΪȣôԣǵΪܱȣҪֻԸġ
޽Ȼ⣬׳ģαð˷գ
Ϊ𣡡
ֻ˵֣ȥƺԸٶ˵ˣҲǳʶȤļڲԡ
һ֣Ҳڹһ²ҫ
С㣬ǻȥ·ʲôΰɡתͷСħ˵
СħһЦһʱ使ޣȤأһһСģôɣɶͺˡ
šðɣǡǻȥɡ
ȻѾȺ󣬶ȻûдڳȥĿܣзЩҵˣܵȵڣҪȥ̽һҪϸϸȵÿһطϤĹԱʱ֮衣
Сħһļûûε˵ҿǽˣһᣬɲ±
ֹۣľأҲץ֪ʲô̡
һ·أִڴ֤ԼĲ²⣬ڱˡ
һǳµڻ춴Ľ棬ֻܽܳ
ֻҪһ磬Ǿȫͬ磬ǹҲ޷䣬
޷Ľ磬Ҿ͸˵ˡ
ҡҡͷԴڳȥҲûһ˿롣
ԭ·أߵĹڣִĹڣ߻صڣػؼʮˣÿһˣҪһʱһУЩɢʬǵλãʬܼϡ裬ʬǿ߸һЩԺ֮С
ЩʲôСħһֱػؼʮˣ˼켸ҹʱ䣬СħҲû˿ĲͷǸһ䣬ܶʱСħɿЩסĵ˹ؼʱ̣ҲǰδеͶ롣
Ҳá
һЩ²⣬Ҫһһȥ֤ʵ
죬гĹڣ֮⣬е飬ĹڣڵϷ
һԾֱĹڣ
ٶȲ죬һ·裬Ҳڸ˵ħ
ȻĲ룬ħǿ·һɲɿܵջ֮ȥ
һݣŻٶȣ֮ԭ·ء
һ죬һֱ̽ĹڣıԵʮﷶΧ
ЩҲû˵һ仰ҪѵĶѾѹˣСħɻӲҪȥĹڣĻҲš
ʮ죬ĹڣԵ£һ͹ʯϾ
СħûжʣһСħߣɢ͵Ĺâ
Сħڲ֮еĵƣǰĹڣһһӡ֤
Ĳ²ǣ۴أȵĳڣĹڣҪõһУĹڣ
˵ĹڣҲʧҪһ㣬ͱ뿴͸֮е
ʱţһ¡£¡
ͬʯһһ֮еĵƣɬѶĹڣӡ֤ҲҲǳ
ĸ£ʯ̽ѰĹڣһΣ̽ⷶΧչʮԶ֪˶ˣסÿһ޹İڷţǵϢԡ
ЩϢȫɣƾȥܽᡣ
£ٴλصʯϾ
һΣǰʱ䣬һĻĻ𶼿
㻹ִͣȡĳɾͣҲɺϡϧ·˲õ󷨣Ī˵㣬ҵҲ½½ĺķĹڣȴҲͽ޹֮ǰ֮󣬻ľ˽ܣҲĹڣͼѰ֮еȻʧˡ
ҡͷ̾ʲô򲻵£ܳŲæÿ쾲򣬲κξ֮ɫͷĴ㣬˵û壬ԣˡ
ǰ˵ȻȥȡһΣô֪һŬͽ޹
˵ûۣҲûֹ˼ϡһһھ
ڲĹڣϣǰиĲͬЩǰͼҵĹڣܹĹڣ
ȴˣ󷨣Ҫ󷨣֮ͬеĴһˣ
뷨췽ҹ̷еգټԣʵ֮ǰõܸ٣ȴһֱʵֵĿܣ
ԽԽԼõǿ׭̵ĵƣ·˴еľ
ֻûעͣûʦ̣ĹڣգЩУȴǻɬѽ⡣
Ḷ́ȴҲǶĥ£øֻԼĶʺԼġ
ʱ૵ĵȡ㲻֪ͽ޹ʧҲ᲻ġ˵õǲٹʱħԳϫҪ緢ˣ㡭ͦȥ𣿡


1487 ħԳϫ
Ȱʱ䣬磬ʱֻǹȥ˴¶ѡ
̽նԣʱ䣬㲻ʲô
ʲôȣ
֮⣬᪵˾ۼ֮ǰڤϵ׷ӡ˹ȴ֪ȵϢ
ȡҪ䣬СӾôˣ
᪾㵵˵˵ôˣоЩš
ڤ׷ɱڴʵ֮£Ͷ·֮УҲпܣô˵һǰˣδһʯߣܴźӣܳ죬Ϊ֮󣬻аԡ
᲻ڤѣԪ˵ǲôˡ
Ӧòᣬǵ׷ӡҲʾڤȷûеΪʲôڤҲɱܴ˵ţһ˦ָֽ䣬ĸӰֽб˦˳Ǳˤ˵ϡȻѾȣʮǵҲˣЩҲûˡ
ӡãдδĶȫǱ˵òᡣ
˵ԪϢ֮ķӡѾ׸ˡ
ɱôܴʵ
һ仰ʳĸ˵ɫȫˣûܹ̹Ȼ촽ɲ
ʱǣһǲ̫ô򵥾ˣĽȣӦòٳҺʲôֶΣûĽȣڳɽеĳһܵأţһʱ䣬ҲǾȷˡ
Ŀ¶˵ȻĸҲʮСģ˴Ķָˣ֪д˼Ҳ̫Ϸһ㡣
˵öԣǾﲼ󷨣ã
ܴ᪺ܿ˹ʶʱǸоţô£
ȣ
᪷һɽš
ֵܴ֩ɫз˿ֲңǿˣ
ֵ֩Ϊ򵼣ȼΪ˽⣬ƽʱֻǴȸ̫ΣգȷңôΧаﶼᱻǵʢ硣
Ща֮УĹۡ
ңô˵ĻǱɣһʵ
ӦðɡҲ˵Ļòˡ
ֵ֩˵䣬Ѿץӵˣ˳ȥ᪵˽ڤӣͷȣһ˿ơ

ħԳϫ
֮УСħվڵ²ϵĲţ·Ҫһ㡣
һɿµĹڣ
ɫأֱסСħɵ֡
оԼͻȻסСħɳһ㡭
ܣһң
ɷ˵Ӳǿƣݾܾ
ڰǰ˵ħԳϫÿһʱᱬһΣܶȵ߲ģǱħԳϫˡ
⽫Ҫٵ飬֪ܲͦһأңСħɣСħɱɡ
Сħһʶĵ˵ͷȻųСħŮϾŮӣµĽѣĴɱһ֮顣
СħԳϫͬĻɽ緢ӿĲҽħ룬ǵΪҪʬ޴ˣ֪ʳڣҲֵܵħ⼸ǧۼһͨħԳϫ֮У屬
Ƶ˵Сħɫһ䣬ħԳϫ֮У
ԭҲ֪ħԳϫǾжСħȴҲûʲô֪ħԳϫɱôʵҪͦһ̫ˣ
ѵǻûҵȥİ취ֱӾⳡħԳϫ֮С
Сħʶץ֣תͷȥǶȣÿĲ
ѾݵݵǸ絶һ㣬üбɣ衣ʱȫעĿĹڣ۾ͬҹ֮еķǣ񣬸һĪİȫС
һҲûлš
Сħͷ̫ˣЩԾ
СħԶԶΪɱĿǰһֵ򶨣װģǿװҲûκ壬Ҫ


1488 ˮ齻
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һµı죬ĹڣһɫĿ緢ֱʣ
ħԳϫʼˣ
ץסСħɵûָѾ֮ʮ΢пɣǳֹħԳϫġң˼ҲûԼ
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ֲ籩ûеһʱܣȫעĶǺɫˣ·ڳ˼ʲô
ȷʵڳ˼һҪ۲ħԳϫǲϵеĵ򣬶ҪĹڣħԳϫı֮£׻ᷢʲô仯

ͷСħɱɫֻǣţȴûӵ˼﷢㶣ôȥǶǣ
ߣ
Сħɵ֣תӣ
ǰСħںСħȫǸĽŲͬһƮһ㱻Уû˿
Ǹոܳһɫǰɾͬһһֱ죬ķ̶Ȳն̴ˣ
ߵСħɫ΢΢ףԭħԳϫ緢ĹڣҲֱڵ£
ղǶ߼ɣħУô³֪
ץСħɵ֣·ûпƵģڿ񱼣һıܣ
侲ԡ޿ޣĺӣҵĵӣҵһѧҲҵҷˡϧħԳϫ飬ע߲ܴҡҪֻʱˡ
һ֮̾Ĺڣ֮ǸĽƾ軤ԪӲϫ֮ߣȻûпܡ
¡
һɫըСħǰ̴աĺɫ⣬ÿһҪ˵ĻбӣǴ̼ܹݵģ
СħɣһҪˣÿǶôõöĳǻᱻУ
淽ĸĩһĻҳһߵʱ̣СħɸоһжԼԶȥˣֻֻץԼޱһֻǿ֣ʵʵĴԼЩۡ
ǿ˫̤¶ʯȫţ֪ȥɨΧһУȻӿϫǰ֪̽飬Ч΢΢ηҲˡ֪޷͸б˵ʯ
䣡
һһε⣬СħɵĽ£
һɲǣСħɸо˲ʧȥ·Ҫлɻҽ̲סһ
˲ĸоͬһСħȫ
ʱ·һ̶ˣʱСħֻоһɴԼϣӲĽԭλá
ǵɫСħɵҰֱʣ˺Сħɵ

Сħɾ긦ղԼǰı˷ûвȵԲԼ
ֱǰԤ֪緢һ㡣
㿪ˣɺϣ
СħɣĹڣ𿴵һĻķԺҲͷΪһȻ㿪ˣɺܽ͵ô
𲻸ţȵĵʯʮֹŹ֣֪ܴ͸ǴҲ޷϶һ̵緢Ǹƾʲôܣ
ϸ룬ʱѾСħɣȵľڣ
ڿռ䷨֮£ʮߵĶʯڣȴɵʯϽÿһηԾʮɾ롣
ݣݣ
ϵĴʯƺһֲ˼Ԥ֪һɲǣӦܶߵĵط緢Ҳ⣡
ڿµϫ֮£غɽ屻˺ˣӿݣѷ콻ĵ棬кɫĻħԳϫԽԽͣСħɸоѾǿǻҵ

䣬һھ֮ϵķܿ⿴еһγײ
ʱŵСħѾ޷ԵܶԲɺܽ͵ģеԤ֪Σձĵط
ôģ
Сħ޷Ϊ۸֪ǿ̶ȣӵԼδرϰη١
ȴȫܲϫ緢λá
󱲣ôܣĹڣ֮Уеʼδı֣ȫⷶΧȻȻһ֪һ㡣
ϫڳţԴĹڣӿĺɫ˶ԣΣյЩӵºǽ֮Щ޿ɱܡ
ܶЩħԳϫͲΪˣ
ӵԤ֪
һδεĶȫעϵշתŲʼգץСħɵ֡
ţСħɸоԼͷ·ס硣ͬڷĩ֮УһȫıԿĸо
µĺĴʯǧɸߵĺɫ˻Щ˻Ҳ㿪
ʯ˺ѣСħɵĽ£˺ɫĺ
龰һӵʱ䣬ϫѾʼˣҵ緢Сħھһ͹ʯվ˽Ÿ
ʱȫǺΪȵĺ;ĸ߶ȽţĶͷ¡ָĲš
ˡ
ź˵ȥһо嶼Щ̱ˡ
ߣСħԥһ£۵С֣Ϊȥ˺ˮһֻ֣ţ˵һĪһˮ齻ڵĸо
֮ǰһ·ӣľ߶ȽţûעԼСħֵĸо
ʵϣһǣСħɵ֣֮ǰҲץСħɵֱۣץס󣬸ӡ
һΣСħɵ衣
Сħɵ಻ݣץסֻСֻ֣еȫ¶ģޱȣͺñȼʵˣ֮һȪˮ£ȫ¶֮ˬޱȡδµĳ磬ǽǣ־͸ĸо⻹ǵһΡ
ôᡭ
һһʱûɿСħɵ֣֮ǰΪ⣬òץСħɵ֣ΣѾΪˣȻռСħɵıˡ
ȻͼɿСħֵһ˲䣬оֲ֮УⲢŮ֮飬ԴСħɱ˴ѪĽڡ
˰ɲ֮ǣӵвѪСħǷ˺ᣬ̥Ѫ
飡
ָоСħͬҲˣҲЩǣֵĸоڵĲѪȻŨʵ£˵Ǿ硣
̶ȣСħɣ
ϣǳҵԪĲ֮ѪǱĬСħɵѪȫޱȡ


1489 
СħɴûԼлͷǰδе촥һʶİҲ˳ɿ֣˾ôֿˡ
ζŸղŵĸоòϣСħϵѪǿҵСħ֮䣬Ѫ໥֮⣬ϡ
ڸղһĹоԼȫë׶ſˣƺھСħɢѪѪ֮Ѫںϣȫ΢ı죬ڲ֮Ѫ궯ѣҪԷ۳Ӱˡ
ȸоֱҪͻһ㡣
ϧղǣֵʱ̫̣͵״̬δܳþͽˣҲ֪ĸСħĻܹﵽʲôЧ
͡û뵽ֳϵЧδؾĻҿܻǡ
ӸղѪõУͻȻ
Խ߾磬ԽҪȫ淢չһڸ涼㡣
һҪͻǿߣƾһϵĻҲ൱
ͬ߾磬ƾѾˣۣӲ顣
ղšлл㡣
СħС˵Ƶշһ˿ɰĺ֮ɫһ˵ƻһ㡣
־һΣǷԽԽˡ
̸ǷǷģᱻȻҵԭ򡭡ʰ񣬿ʼϢղŵıӣûĶΪĸ߶ȼУټ϶ħԳϫ󷨵ݼ㣬ʵأȾһսۡ
ʼ˵ϢСħһֻ˫ϥһ°ͣԶĳû֪Щʲô
һʱȥˣѾָ˫ۣȴСħɵһ˫Ȫһɾ۾ƤһգգĶԼ
һŮſе㲻ڣһ˵㿴ʲô
лѽСħ˵һЦЦںڵķҴӶĻ崿ִ̺գ·һ̣ЦСħɾһӳպģޡ
΢΢һһתȥ˵·ˡ
ΪղŵıӣСħɵ˺࣬Ȼû¶ʲô˴⣬Ҳ¶Сħѩ׵ź۵ļ򣬼ʱ˵ЦݣþЩҫۡ
ѣСħͷԪûһµϣԭ˺ѵķֽ䡣
һкСħɼ۾·˵һ㡣
ʲôѾǵڶˡ
ҾǺ棬ϺкܶܣҺܸȤ
ղСħɸ棬㿪ħԳϫֱԤ֪ϫ緢һ֮ǰ룬ò˽⣬ҲԶԶСħɵ
һжϳСħҲûԭϲظУԼ̽ŻȤһʼȻµȴûп֤һ㡣
СħɵУһʾ׵飬㲻֪һҳдʲôֻǳڴϣŸϽһҳΪʱɻоϲ
ʱԪͻȻСħɶ𣬡ǹǡ
վڴ֮ǰֻԪȴûмˡ
ǧǰǱһݹ֮顣
Сħһ𴩹ɫϫŰɽͨԾķ֣ԭЩħ˺ѵɽʯȻֿʼˡ·ЩʯѪ⣬һ㡣
֪ǵã·˲õĵ֮£ȱһ᲻ɴݵķ޷֮ݻ١
һʱСħĹڣ֮ϣʶָǴһƬĹȣĹڣʮһݵء
λ޴޹֮䣬λüΡ

ͣ˽Ų޹֮䣬һ޹֮еĶ
ĵȴ
ʮϢ֮ԶˣСħҲ㿴龰
һĻƤ΢Сħɸ̲ססԼС졣
ھ޹֮еĶΪС˵ǡʵУΪǵռ䣬ܹһ
һռ֮Уһ޴ɫ壬Ͼ֮Уһˣ
˫Ŀգ˫۽ʮֱǰϲڵİۣȫɿݣݹ񣬲һľö١
ֻǴɢĵӫ⣬֤ݣҲ֤΢Ϣ
Ȼ֮Ѿв򣬵ǴɢϢϣܱǿߵݣȷʵɡ
ǰ
пʱµܹһӲ䵽ⲽء
㡭ǡҳԾ
ͳĴû˫ۣ·Ͼ׷סˣܶһ¡
ұΪһӲȥû뵽ҪħԳϫҲͦ˼飡ģڵö࣡
ңħԳϫѾǿˣӹһ٣һӦҲû⣬㵹һֱȥˡ
ʮֻֻǾţûзʲô
־أܲ꣬·˵󷨣ǺԣϧΪ̫ˣҲ֮£ͰһѣʵڶʱٷԾһΣҿǡޣ
һۿ޹ͷǵġ
Ұģ壬嶼ף㾹ȻҾޣھԪ棬ûʲôܽģ֮ݹ·û˸˵֮ϡ
˵÷ǳţǻǻеľ˵⻰˿ûдĳɷ֡
˵ɵͬ߷ԣһǿ˼άƿϾͬһüģ
ۿ־֮һݣûз־֮Լľ֮
ʵϣҲˣεΪĶ־ϵܼ
ããã̻ս飡Ϊһ࣬Ϊӵб̻ս飬ϣʮǰϹʱҲδţ
ϾзӡһͻȻ۾·Ϊ̻սķ֣˷ܣ֮Ҳʢࡣ
㾫ޣ;Ԫϵɾ̫ͣ
˵䣬۾ͬںڰȼյɫ棬ɢ˵Ĺâ
ҽͰһѣǳȫ㣬ô֮һĿܣ߳ƬأҲȴҵһԸ


1490 
һڷĹŽľ֮־֮
ɢŲԹۻϢĽ棬׼ľ֮УȻĴȥ
ݣ
ֱûľ֮Уһ̣ɫ԰ף촽³һѪ
Ȼ֮ľ֮
˴ֱԶˡ
ȻֱΪẦʱ캦Լ壬ȥˣ֮Ҳʮ΢ˣԼʲô
ҪԼղžͲֻʹôˣҲɱԼɾǣһЩӲħԳϫȴܣ
Ѿǳǿ󣬶Ҳ֮ǡ־ȴȱɱ⣡ͺñȣһӷǳǿ׳ʿȴκαҲûоֻͣǲб£ΪսЩʿʵǿܷӳսҲޣڵˣǿ֧֣ȴɱˣ
ֻ꣬̽顢֪˲ս鸨ԶԶҪ壬Ϊһ֣
ҵ壬׳Ϊһ֡һ仰Ժһ⣬ϸ룬ȷʵ˵ʱרսʱ̵ֻ;Ԫ귽棬ս֮⣬ʵսõҲΪϵϵ˺ܶԭ
ΨһʵսϵľԪ۶ҲֻǶԪĶꡣ
Ҹôʵ
ڣȴ꣡꣬ͬһĵĽȻǿ󣬵̫࣬Ұ㴸
˵䣬ǱѾû֮е־֮ͻȻһն£
һȸղŵһֲӲĽ֮һΪ
ȫ˲ڵϣĶױȱǿ׶Ѫ

Сħһæס
£ط꣬ҲһɣҸǵһ컯
˵ţһ֮üûСħɵľ֮
СħɫһףСȭͷյýġ
ڵ֮Ѫų
Ҫֿңҵޣֲ֧̫áһĶطҰķʽǵ꣬ǵľ֮飬¸ԭ˷ѭ
˺ʹ಻ˣмĺô̲Ļ˵˼ǵ꣡
һطҲֻкܹʩչҾʩչҲҪǰ׼׼ҩֹطˣûЩˣ˽е˽ܣܹͦ
˵һȻҲǾʥأܹȶˣҲȻǶˣЩˣҰ֮ʱҲҪСϵӦ
ڣҩʵ⡣
ǣ
֮ʹݣ߳ϣɲŷָСħɡ
ҪǿǵСħϵûʲôɾ͵Եʡ
һСħɳܵĥѱҪСһЩˣݽҧо֧ţ
ҧʹڵѾʮʱˣʱСħɣ̰棬ʹǾԲܵ飬ڣٵǰħʼһ˾˵ľ֮У˾أ֪ܻܲųѾû·Լʵ˲ڴٵľκоܵվȽŸ
磡
һ죬оԼͬһˣ
֮ϷǱ־֮˴󴸵״صĺ꣡
ļ尾ԳܣоԼһ̾ҪѶҧ촽ָ׿ƣ㾡ȫάԼԺһⱻʹܵ˵ġԵˡ
̫ʹˣ
ʹҲ޷ܵĥѣ
Ȼ츳Ѿ˾ˣﵽһˮ׼ǳĥѣҪ֪Ͼǻ壬Ķ˱ԵĻδռʲôˡ
ϵѷԽԽ࣬ƺһ곹ױ飬޾Ĺ䡣
飬һ߶Ծò
Ҳˣ
һ飬ͻսᣬط֮£ˣһά֮£ӡ֮Ϣ
ͺñȷǱʿӣпͷ­Ҫڸҽʦ£ȴп˵ظ࣬ժܱ֤Щ˲
߶ȫһ
һʱ䣬оԼѾ·δ֪Ŀռ䣬ΧһжԼԶȥ֪ҪʧоԼѾﵽޣ
ǿػԺҧԼȻµȴ糱ˮһһĳҪܲסˣ
ʱ·һģĺƺңԶߴ
оһֻů۵СԼС
һʱ䣬һɾޱȵԪֻ֮Сֱۻ֫ٺ֮УһȪһ㣬ɺԵľ֮
ǡСħɣ
ԺлͷӿԼڵ˿ȫ¾ʹͬʱʮֵͺñ֮󣬷ҩһ㡣
ֶ˼֧Լ־
ʱߣСħͬˡ
ս鶼ǿ³ɵҲܿټޣ֧š
ڸղţСħɶȻ֮ǰǣʱˮ齻ڵĸоǣ֡
˵Ѫ֮ݻͨ˴֧ԮŶԷһͦѹء
״̬֪˶ãоԼѾӦ˺ѵľʹʱͻȻһâ֮С
鲻ľ֮Щѵ㣬Ǹâ۶ϵš
Ƭ֮»ûΣľӡҲָסһĥ¡
˫ۣоȫһûˣѾˮʪ͸
תͷСħɣСħҲͬˣˮʪϣгġҲоӨĺỬ䣬͸ۼһʱ䣬·Сħ崿ף͸ˡ
̲ס࿴Сħһۣ˵лл㡣
ڸղСħɻǣԼ֣֤Ҫõö࣬Լ;ƿˡ
ҲǰԼСħ¶һɵЦݣСظҵţղʵ̫


1491 ݺ
ڵСħȻƣȷȷʵʵĸܵߣҰ֮Ȼʹ̣ЧȴҲΪˣκҩûôõЧ
ҹؼǣҩһһΣڶЧͺ΢ˣȴԽкܶΡ
лǰ
ȭԵ˵ȻϾ֮еȴһ֪ǲǴоʩչ˸ղŵط֮øˡ
طδز
ͷǰ㡭
ް۾˺һ֮˫ۣ˵ҼȻҪָ㣬ͲصлΪҵģôֻǲһЩطжϾ˴С
ȻҲƿȣ츳ڣͦħԳϫӦûҺ棬ʱʱҵĴлûϣܹиο
˵ﳤ̾һͦħԳϫҲȫ߳ȣʵΪΪ̫ˡ
°ɣҪϢʮңָ֮
˵꣬ҲûϢ
ʮʱ䣬ֻصĹڣ֮ϣʼ򣬲·µ󷨺͵ƣ
ƵĹУ֣ղŵ֮ߣ󷨵ٶȱø죬ԺɵļҲࡣ
̶ʮʱ䣬оȡõĳɹ൱ǰʮĳɹˣ
˲õߣҪ֪պ󻹻Ҫδ󷨵ٶȻ졣
û뵽꾹ȻľϲǿĹڣͲ֪Ҫʱ䣬һøʮʮҲϡ棬Ƕԣ̫ʱˡ
ʮСħԼĶһΣǲǽָ£ϰ
輫ߣΣʣ֪޲ԣ޲
ĻνǾֱָ̣ıʣڴ֮ǰָ㣬ûо
˵СħɣҲûб𼶵ÿʮʱһ⡣ϾۻħʼǶԼ飬ƽʱҪǵĸ˴УרСħɡ
ڴ֮ǰҲ칬ѧϰһη򣬵һȫƾԼ涼ûʵ̫Ҫˡٽ㾡ȫͻ񾳽磬ܹ˵
Լ򣬺ʦָȫ£ϵԳİҪһõʦ
ϵѧϰʲô鶼ɣȫʱ䶼ָСħɣȫȫĽͽԣ˽ͽ֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
ʱȥ¡
ǿ󷨣·˲õĹڣԽԽ̣Ĳߣÿο֮󣬶µᡣ
һգڻ㹻Ԫ׼طΪСħɽ
һΣûʼ֮ǰСħɷǳɴץס֡
⵹ЩΣСħһۣ֪˵ʲô
СħɷС΢΢һ죬Щȣһν˵ʲôֲǣһεģɶ
һ£ЩεӣʵʵĻعͷȥ˵Сħǣ֣õĺôʵࡣ
ֿʼˡ
һεľСħɱΪһǳܵʹСһЩƺӴǿȣڽ֮;ƿݣʣ
Ϣ˰ʱŻ𣬷ɫ԰ףϢҲޱȡ
ǰ塭ѾȷÿʩչһطǼģ
°ɣʮ֮ң㲻ΪҵġҶԣһٻһûʲô𡣡
ĻĬҲ֪˵ʲôĵ˻±ߣĹڣ
Ӿһظ
򡭡
ޱȿӣȴȫĵͶС
вҹϸǣܼʱգȫĵͶ֮Уȫǵù˶ˡ
л㱣֪£ֻǸоͷϵĳһֱ䣬СħɵͷǼ˵ϣСħɵıӰһͷ㷢Ǻɫٲһкޱȡ
СħɵΪѾﵽڶ壬ֻһ֮ң
䵽һ󲽣ܶҪðꡢǧͻƣСħɣҲ޷һͣҪĻۡ
ۣ
һɫѪҺϾϣϾȾͬһ㡣
ܶѪҺɫǷˮ
ǰ
СħɶЩˣղŵ֮³һѪƺļ˵˱Դ
šǡ죬ڵɫˮ˵ƣЩƺˣֻڸ󣬷·ϾҪ鿪һ㡣
ްԼ塭
ΪӡϾʵϵȵĻ꾧൱ȼ۵Ʒ
꾧άһ꾧ѣҲ֧ţǿҲܲס籡ħԳϫ
ʵڵδͨĶ֣
ǰ㵽ˣԺٽˡһ˵زокܲܡ
ңҽĴбɣһǰҲʲôź
ǳִʮɡ
СħɶһۣӶԷпһ˿ΣǵĻ
תĬĬ뿪ʱס
СȥĹڣ
ǡͷ
㡭ЦŸпԴϾʼѺıҲḻˡ
С֪Ѿã
ҡͷʱ䲻֪м˰ɡ
꣡
˵ţһݣʱ䣬һЩԪϹ˵ֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬Ƕֻʮԣȴ൱ˡ
ꡭӲ϶ĹڣĲɼΡ
͵ȴǰ˵δǰɣǰָùݺ
Ļ֮ȷʵ˭һߣҪ·޹µľô췽ҹ̷Լš
ʵ֮·ݺ١Ҫݺľ񡭡ͻȻɣƺһ仰뵽Լ˵ףҲһֻݣʵ۷֮·;ȡ
˶ڵÿɷȷĹڣȡκν
ǰĻеΪܶһ꣬£ܿ͸Ĺڣˡ
ͻȻ˵һ仰Ȼһ˲˫ۣۿ֮е֮Ϣ


1492 Ҹ
ͻȻ˵µһĻסˣСħҲǳԾŴͣ˵Ҫˣ㲻ǿЦ
š߳ɰհɡҲܿ϶ණûȫŪ塣
ɱ棬Ҷɹ꣬ǧģ˵ھܳȥˣ
СħɶģҲܸо͸·˲õʵе㲻ס
ǰСħɣһɲ䣬ĶǹͷĹط꣬Сħɿ϶ҪˣţСħɸоƺҲ̫ġ
֪˵ʲôĹڣܿ·µĻĹŴ·ǰǰ֪Ĺڣ޵ʬ壬˴ֱʣҲ·˲µһ壬·˵ĿʲôҲܴ⣬ǹ֪ЩϢ󣬼ǲܱƵģοҵҲ½½ľʱ䣬պͷ
һ˵ô໰˺ܶЩˡ
ǰˣ˼
ǡҽĵ̫࣬ٴˡ֪·ΪѾﵽδ֪ľ磬ֻʱ󷨣ʵǡšҵŪˣһʼ󷨵ʱѾ;ƾĹڣֻװ͵
˵ûϢǰϾѾѪȾ۵ɫͬʵˮ
ЩɫѪ̾ϢȭǰúϢɣĪҪٴˣ¡
Ļش΢΢ҡͷ֪ջûȥȰ档
ŵߣߺܶ·ٴĿ⡣
ôͬŵʦҲг
һʼˣȻݳȫĽ
ԱϾûܱ֤Լٷְٵȷ
ıӰʧп̾ϣôˣŬḶ
صµľʯϣûеһһʱ䣬ֱӴ붨ʼе·ЩԽԽǿҲԽԽܣ͸ĹڣѾԶˡ
һ££¡
Щʱ䣬ûȥѧϰһȫҵ״̬
ʮ죬ç־Ѱ£ʮ̤ʮ죬ʮһһһһѰ
Ժзܸ١
ܸ֣ȴ·˶ԴҲĹڣ
ܸ٣ټϵ壬ʱ䣬ѾץסĹڣľ衣
ʮ죬ʮ૵ظ֣ԺжȻһ⣬ĹڣͼӰԺУе·һһӡ֤صһ
Ĺڣ󣬷Ϊʮ֣ÿһ̺ʮһ£Ĺڣ룬հףѵ·˲´Ҫհô
ԺлͷоԼץסµĶԭΪѾ˾ųɵĹڣ󣬿ٽһˣ
£Ҳˡ
ţ֪䣬Ѿȫҵ״̬ԺУĹڣ֮⣬ȴһС
ǽڶ״̬Ժܶ߶ԣǿ󣬵ĳԺǿ֧֮£ټѾΪһĿ⣬ȴԵĽ״̬ҲǷ߳˵޷
ĸ¡
¡
ͬʯһʯ֮ϣһҲ϶һ㱡ĹǷۡ
ȥˣ˵£Ѿ£һδʼϾ֮г˯
̾Ϣʵִ̫ˣҪִģִŵ̶ֳȵģҲ̫ټˡ
ʮ죬һգеȻ˫ۣһƬĹڣ֮У˫Ŀͬҹеķǣҫۡ
еСħɱˣѾ˫ۣһϲˣ㾲̫ãҶΪ߻ħˡ
Сħɿ˫Ŀ񣬳ƣ֮⣬˿û߻ħӣһ
û¾ͺãҪԼƵ̫ˣ·µ󷨣ȥѾĪˣ֮ǰһ£һ㶼
ѾˣСħɿ͸֧ĲĹڣоЩۣ֪䣬СħУѾռһλáϢһ°ɣָǼȥǰ
ʼһδСħͣι˵ô࣬ôûƵġ
Сħɻ䣬ͻȻץסСħɵ衣
㡭
Сħһ֪ʲôȻѾǣֺܶΣ³֮£˴δй֮ס
ô
ͻȻ˵֣ضͳ
ҵȻˡСħɲ֪ôͻȻûͷûԵôһ䣬Ļش
ҪȥĹڣߵĹڣԸô
˵䣬ĿСħɵ۾һһ١
СħɳһĹڣ㡭͸ˣ
оųɵİգŵ˵˵ųɣԤһͻ¼ħԳϫ
СħסС죬֪Ϊˣ˵飬ڵǣĲľǶԵô
оڵеԼһ˫۾ĿЩҡ
˫۾ӣĵĿ⽻һһ֣صĵͷҸ㡣


1493 Ĺڣ
СħɵĿУܵǷݳΣΪδĹڣ׼ʱ䣬һҪϸԼеСħɣҪɹ
ûֱӳСħһУĶڡ
ĳϦദһֱܹ֮ǰȻҪ
ˣͳ
ǵġƽᶨ˵
֪Ϊأʱ䣬𽫴ѪͶԼСħϣ˾ôĹڣôѪͻȫ׷ѣװԪ
Ѿʱ޶ԣСħɳС
⴦ؼǧʱ䣬ڼ˺ֿݼŹ¶µҪݼŵȥ
֮ǰϣһļУϣ˼̳ĴУ˽ҲҪУʱ򣬴лδϾܹȴһԸ
ڣȴҪĹڣһʧܣжûˡ
ҲҪȥ
СħɣСħɲȥôˣһ
Сħҧҧһֿۣ𣬼ᶨĵ˵ͷ
ȫ˽Ĺڣײʲô̶ȵ£ȻһȥĹڣ
Եȴпܣƽȥ١Ȱ
СħȴҡҡͷֻǼ򵥵˵Ҳ롣
ԴڶΡݼźڰ겻УСħѾ˱˴˵ľУˣСħɸоԼûκȥԽ¶į
ӣ־ǿߣҲھз
ðɡȻȥѾҾͲȰˣֻϣ㷢ʵ˵ʱ򣬲ҪǿҪ£ܼʱ˻Ըʱ򣬻üҡϣʱΪա
˵ⷬ·˲ӲˣĳϦദڣƺѾעСħɵϡ
Сħһߣǳȥļ
һ̣в֪ʲôоͬ壬ҲͬڣϵûУʱȴ
̤֮·޷ԤԼĽ֣ؾҰⱻɱʬʱȫʬ£ǣɷɻңʲôû¡
ھˣ֮УʬΪ顣
ڣԸϣΪգµ˼ǧʱڲٹµ
ģһ仰ˣƿۣһݡ
ǰģȻǰѪ

û̳ǵȹһħԳϫ֮СħһĹڣ
ħԳϫαСħѡһħԳϫոձ֮žⷢĿܡ
ޱ޼ʵĹڣУɢľ޴󺡹ǣһǣɽ壬񽣣ֱҰ֮Уʧδ֪ʱա
Ĺڣвûз磬ȴڷ֮ǰϫͬԴ
紵ǣɳɳ죬һĪӿһɱ֮С
ɱԽԽŨҪû
ĹڣʮȣСħɸоԼĶŨıгˣһħԵٻ꣬Ҫħȥĸо
˵ħٻ߽ܶĹڣ֮󣬾ǱħٻˣӴҲûл
ħԽԽǿСħƾǿ̨֤һ˿Ȼʵ̫죬޷ܣСħɾǿҲᳬ
оԼֲ֧סˣȻ֪ԼħڲСħȴȫƲסԼ
СħſںȻʱȫħʴܷ˵ˣԼ̾Ҫʧҡ
جج֮УСħͻȻоһԼü֮䣬۳һصĽηģηһ˻磬һ˿Сħɵľ֮
ͬʱСħɶͻȻһĬ顷֮ת
顷
ĸͬĺһСħɶߺ죬Ժ֮һ⡣
ʮ죬ã
ûСħɿʼĬһʮСħɶ֮У̺ǿҵЩСħɾ֮γ˽ɫ壬ÿһ壬ж󣬱ʻɷ裬̺⾳
Щ֣ǡ顷ܸ١
ܸٵ֣СħٵѹԺָֻ֮ǰ
ΧȻ
СħɺȻ֣Լǣ֣һյۻֻԴԴϵĴͶ
֮ǰġ顷ܸ٣Ҳ֮
ղһɲǵʧСħɸоԼȫˮʪ͸ûκ׼ͽĹڣĻʲôΪεţҪ䣬Сħ츳ҲĹڣеĿ
֮ǰġ顷ЧСħЩԾֵġ顷ܸ٣̺̫㣬ĹڣȻǳ·֣֮顷ܸЧҲ֮С
СħҲڸ߹ֻĹڣΧеΧĹڣкԶľ롣
룬һͷ޹ǼܣͳǧϣĹڣͷ޵ĺɣ֪ж·˿ٳһ磡
ҪĹڣҪٸµΣգҪȫĿĵʵ̫ˡ


1494 ܸ
ħ顷ʱСħɶߣȻԪԭˣǵõ·µܸ٣ˣڵۿʯ
СħɺĹڣ֮ĸ֪һֱСħɵϣδȥ
ʱСħԡ顷˷ħٻȻҲС
ǰҲ֪顷ܸ٣˵
顷ܸȻϡУҲڵۿʯԻһЩҲҲһʱ䣬ϧ޶ۣûʲôû뵽顷ܸ٣Ĺڣ֮УЧֻĬеݣֿܵħϮ
˵Լ޶ۣȻǫ˵ΪŲ顷ܸ٣Ҳջ٣ʵΪ顷ֻܸ֮ԣûаʲôֻ֮ǶĸȻҲʲô
顷ٰܸɣ
ǣǰڵۿʯϵõˡ顷ܸ٣һֱڲ򡣡
ꡭ顷ͬʱ־Ĺڣ϶ˣ顷ܸǿĹڣԿף²ĸҴĹڣ̣Ǵý顷Ĺڣϵ
ȻҲͬʱǳ̺µʲô̶ȣһĹڣ˷Բǧռ䣬ӵ˼£һ顷ֻԣǼ򵥵˼£
۷ӵ»Ǽ򵥵µĶʲô죬ҪǶϵ̸ף
ʱ䣬ֻмֵġ顷ܸ٣ܲأĵ˵
򣬵ȱˡ顷ģԡĺǳ
ðɡҡͷ̾Ϣ֪ԼȰ棬ģҵĸֻ֪߰ķΧ֮ͲòջأΪ֮
˵ⷬ󣬾ͳȥ
Сħɼǰ˲ϵĹڣħٻԽԽǿһʼСħĬ顷ܸ٣ɳܣȻ֮ǿµħѾʵˡ
ͣ
һĻСħǰͻȻȼֻǼϢʱ䣬ĻݻһĶħͷۣ˫ᣬһֲ棬Ǵ˵ģ
ħһСħɺצ
ħСħɫһ䣬ֵһħϢȻͿȰ벽
ֻĹڣΧУǻ˵ã޹˵ҲҪˣ
һС顷
ۿħ˵Сħͫһʱ򣬲ѣСħҲ֪Ҫƾ衶顷ԵУ벽ĶħͲܶԸ˵ģ
Сħ촽һҧЩջ۳һɫַͬһȺɫһ㣬޶ħס
ǿ
ס޶ħ֮СħɲϲѾйעȫȴҲֻǿס޶ħ޷
ʱСħֻһ죬Զʮźɫħ汬µӰЩȫħ̫Ũ۳ģÿһӰ֮ǰǸʵй֮޲
Сħд󾪣̫ˣΪߣʮ벽
⻹ô
ɱĿӽ֮Сħɲ֪佫ԼȻʵСħǿ̫࣬ÿΣ֮ʱΣѻ⡣
ʱ磬а֮Ŷݼͬʱ嶼ΪϢ̫ǻǻȫעǿҵϢ
һɲǣС£ף
֮һעϢ֮Уһǿ󣬾ң𺳣̺ʥ췣þڣбŷмĺХ죬ԭ
ġ顷ܸ٣Сħģƺƴʮ
һ̣ı󣬸ֳһʵʻĲӰ·һѣ𵴵
Ϊģһۿɼ𵴳ȥ籩һɢ
ʮ죡ã
µ֮䣬ֻһ죬׵ħֱӱΧħҲµ˺ѿ
ʱξ죬һɫĶְִ֮ڷɳ裡
Щɫ֣ܸ٣ڽĵѹ֮£һӰ

ʮ벽޶ħдƬ
ʣµļ޶ħƲãҪܣ˫һϣɫַ̩ɽѹһѹ
ֻꡱһͬ죬ĶħҲȫɱ
е޶ħħƮܡ
СħһԿľˡ
ͬǿ顷ܸ٣ĺԼôôࣿ
ʲô
СħɸоӦĹδڣСħɱ𱥺˳ԾĴ
ӡ顷ܸ·˵ġ
ղġ顷ܴﵽЧԲΪ֮йעʲôطԡ顷ε
⡶顷ܸ٣Ȼֻ֣ᣬû漰ûаʽս֮£鱾ѾǰԣɱУ
ǰû뵽ġ
ȻҲˡ顷Ȼûʲôջ
ǰˣֻһЩǳ򣬾·˵ġʮǧ⡶顷ܸ٣Ĳ֮һֻܱĽɱУ顷ܸٵãȴָʵ۷Ĵ·ʮܽᣬ򣬿ֱָϵľ磬ûп塣
꣬ܵ·˵ǿ
ܽ顷ֽתɱ˵Ѿ˲ˡ˵пһֻ֣ܶʼ˭ָ˵ķߵһҳԾҲǶԵģŵϦҲȰˣĹڣĴȥɣ۳ɰܡ
лǰ⣬ҶȻǰ
ȭһתȥʱǹħѾʧǰģһ֮ǴɵĻֺǽ
ɭɭĳǽۣĿģ
ʲôСħɳԾ˵ǽ·ƾճֵģڴ֮ǰСħɸûп
ʮ޹ǳǣǽĹڣ塭


1495 ʮͼ
ʮ޹ǳǣСħɳһû뵽ĹڣڲȻһ֮ݳɵĳǽ
ǹȥɡ
Сħһɹ޴ĳǽɸ߿գ׹ǳǽ硣
СħɿһĻ龰
ڰ׹ǳǽ֮󣬲ǺɫĻ¶ʯڣȷе˵Ѿɽˣһޱ޼ʵǿգ
޾ǿգ֪ͷǿ֮УƯһ޴ĵͼ
Ϊ̫Զǿ̫СħжЩͼжԸ֪̽һڵһ
ЩͼǷԲǧСԱһСǣ
еĵͼǿ֮Уÿһͼ룬վһ޹Ǽܣ
Щ޹ǼܣĹڣΧЩ֮ԵĲͬ
ĹڣΧİ׹ǣ꣬ǧʷ£Ѿ绯ˣǵѪѾɺԣ޹Ǳʲôֵˡ
Щͼ֮е޹ǣȴͨ徧Ө޹֮УѪӯ
޹ɢЩ֮˸Ӱ죬·Щ֮һ̾ͻḴչһ㡣
ǡСħɳԾƴ󷨣֮ǣߴ峤ǧƯǿ֮У˵𺳲
СħƬռ֮Уͬ΢һ㣬΢
޴⣬뿪ȵͨڴ֮У
۾֪ķȥһԼԺеͼһһӡ֤
ʮֵͼʮ޹Ǽܣͼǿŵġ
Ѿӵ֮УԤϵ˴֮е龰
벻Ĺڣڲⷬ龰ҵĸ֪ϣǿ۽硣
ʱĵĴûĸ֪ûа취ͻħҲĴˡ
ʮͼÿһһͷػޣ̺޾ɱµϢѾԶԶԽĵͼУҲ䣡
ʮͼĿɱϢ˸оľˡ
ôȥ
СħɼʱȳĻ󣬸ͼĿ¡
ҪͼǵΪԲˣһ⣬ҷûκĿܡ
ȥ˵˵
˼򵥵֣СħͷһҲ΢΢ʱţȻǶʮͼо
ʱ䣬һֱ֮ϣô·˵Ĺڣ
һо̫ˣҪΪ·µĴ붼˾𺳣
ܳɹô̲סͷҲΪǱˣߵѾ漣漣Ϊ顷ܸٶȡɡ
һͻ޴󣬾ͺпҵ뿪ȵķ·ȴŴû˳ȥ
ǣСħɵһʮͼһȥ
ѡһͼֳ߲֮ɫڵͼ룬һ߻ɫĺǣͬһ͸⣬·ȼţһֻˣ
ˡ
߾Өķ˺ǣСħȻһоȫѪ߷˺Ӧ
Ƿ֮е壬壡
Сħ૵˵ʮͼ֮е֮ǣһޣ֮еڣ
˺֮еķ裬۶СħɻǶԣвĺô
ȻͷҲֻˣǱ֮Уܵõ
Сħ̤ͼһɲǣͼ֮ߵȪߵȪʲʺ֮ɫͬ߱񽣣ֱ졣
ȪΧγɵĵ⣬ЩͬתĽâ⼤䡣
ԶԶĿȪСħĸܵȪ̺Ŀֲǿʵܹ׵ĳǳУǾǻҷ಻⣡
ΰСħɸоԼʵ̫Сˡ
ЩâҲޱȿ£Сħԥһ£һƷСâĹ켣ϻȥ
âһ˲䣬ֻꡱһ죬ƷâĶâ֮Уһ̣ɵֱ˷ĩ
Ȼϵ˿ܵĽĿâķСħɻǵһٵҲˣȻὫ촷ۣ
Ҹµǣâֻ߲Ȫ֮΢һСɰˣ˵й¶ҲΪ
ôâжֲ
СħɷǳͼͲܿģԼһǧҲҪ档
ӵѾ˵Сħɿ
̵ģҲֻȻֲȪСħɶû̫ǿġ
ʱվ˫緱һ˫֮йâ˸ĸ֪ͼС
ʮͼ֮һġԪС
ʮͼʹʮʮһ֣Ԫʮһ֣ʮһ֡ǰͼǾԪϵ֮һ
ѡͼΪžԪͼʮϵڴ輫ߣ׻Ҳ֮
һ̤ǰȫԪת£а֮Ӱ֡
ӵеа֮ǳǿͬУܼа֮ת£Ԫ۶ԪǿϣСħɵħҲԱ⡣
ڣµǿȪǰаֱ֮ͬϪԱȴ󺣣ûпɱԡֻһ˵Ȫȴͬ
׼ʲô
Сħɵɴ۾޷ʱٻа֮ƾôܹǿͼΡ
磬֮УǱɫĵԡ
ԪԴԴϵĹ֮Уŵ·תš
̳˼Ϣʱ䡣
Щ֮еٴ³ЩһģЩģӵеϣ
ٴģһͼ
ͼɳͷתš
ֹһĹ򣬵ڶͼɳ
Ȼǵţš
һʱȥΧγʮͼŰ
Сħ˵
Сħһ£ͼ֮С
ʮͼĿռССħɼǸһǱ˴˶ܸܵԷϵϢ
СħɿôıӶӯСħɵ㣬ĸܵǰż
ָоȻޣȻʱ˿̣ȴȫעаģǹغʱ̣
ңǧҪ߳ͼķΧ˵ţ߲Ȫȥ
Сħסˣɴһ˫ǲ֮ɫȻǴô߽Ȫȥô


1496 ϼ
СħɿµʮͼȻޱȷӣӦ̺˴ֻͼȴ˸оǿΪͼ̺Ԫʵ̫ˡ
СħɸоԼȫһܽʮͼһ飡
Ȫǳܳ飬й¶һ⣬˲ɱ
ȻҪʮͼֲ߲Ȫͬһֽףȥǹֽ꣡
ʵСħ᲻ȷǾ߽ȥ
ȷ
ƽûһ˿ʱҪȫռţȫעӦϼ⡣
áðɡ
СħԼСظ龰СħӲСҲе㷢顣
ЩͼһҧģҸȥˣ
ȷʵ૵ظţ֮ǰʱĹڣ󣬵Ҳֻϵġ
ҪʵҲ˵аٷְٵİգ˵Ĳ˱Ͼܻ᷸ŵĿҲ⡣
ԸǶԵġ
ţ֪ѾǼޣܼϼ֮ˣһĸ֪ϼУܵصķɣֻԶԶšϼ⣬֮Ͳٸˡ
СħһǰһС̤ϼֵķΧ
ݣ
ո̤ϼвãһâͬһСħֱ
ۿâҪͬʱԼؿڣСħͫס˺
ʱѾܣһܣͼıΧֱҵ⣬׶༪١
ֻͼˣ
磡
޻ڵͼ֮ϣһ̣˼һĻˡ
ɻƷͼ֮ûзκμҵĳײͬѩˮһ㣬ֱУʧˣ
ŵͼе·תһͼתƵһͼһ෴ͼд˹ȥããռ֮С
ʼգͬˮһ㾭Сħڵλãȴû˼һ㡣
ôᡭ
Сħɵɴ۾ͼֱӵסĳǰˣûܵκ˺
ʲôԭ
ϸһͼӲĿסĳǿȿҪԽ鱦С
ֻ赼ĻȴҪжǿȣǧ
ôġСħɸоţͼЧȻΪƵԭЩƣЩŰ
˽԰һòɻҽȴ޷һξ֣Ϊ԰¡
˵仰㲻ٶԣȫעӦΧϼ⣬µͼǳڵ֮УĹڣеͼͬԴ˴֮ûκγͻһͼͬĸһ㣬ᱻ١
Сħɳ׵籡ϼ֮УʹâûڲԶø֪һУ֮
ջٲȴ޷һξ֡
ظղ˵ĻⱾޱʵ򵥵ĵ˶֪ڣܰƽ·˲õ޴֮С
һʼʱû뵽ȻߵΪ·˲õĴ󣬵ֿħͼ֮Уһֱڣĸ֪޷׷ˡ
ȻҪԵΣջֻܶ࣬𲽣ǵȪһ㣬𺳡
ܹһֱȥֱߵĹڣ룬ôͺܿܳΪ߳ȵĵһˡ
һĬĬ˻˸֪оֱͬһ㣬ԼͻȻʶСħţ˶Ϊܵͣ츳Ȼ漣
Ҳеת
лͷв֪ʲôоǧˣѾ֪о˶£죬Ԫʣ֮ʱڵȵת

ʱСħѾͼϼ֮Уƴϼ⣬纣ӿĳʮͼͼ
Ȼϼʵ̫ǿЩͼҵĲţһ֧Ųסĸо
Ƿ·ʱҪͼСħס˺С
˽У߹硢桢ˮ
֮һһҲͼ룬ѹ۵ķ֮ǡ
ʼգޱ飬߶ȼС
֪˶ãСħߣϼȻȥ
һ̣һıѾˮʪ͸
ǡ߹ˡ˵Щɬ


1497 
Сħɿ˿ֿ˿Ǹղ߹ĴлЩŵĸо
ǾΪ߹·˲µͼ
ǰͼʮǿŵģҲ˵ʮ
ǲþеͼ
˵Ĺڣ󣬷Ϊ㣬ĵλðΧˣֻҪͻͼͿԵִĹڣġ
ʱ䣬ȫͼͼҲûʱȥ
ͼھѡĵڶͼǡ壿ǡ
ҲֻͼΪϤϵ
Ұľ޴ͼ֮Уͼ룬һ޴ǹǼܡ
߹ǼͨڣŵĽɵģ峤ǧִɽצһչڱǳľ޴˫ᣬͷ­֮ϣǣһ㡣
ǹǼܣһݣ⸱ϣܵħĺƵϢ
û´Ļħͬһ
УҲк֣ܶͬ壬ҲΪʮϰٸ࣬ǰ壬ôżҲֻħмһΣǵڶΡ
ʲôСħɣСħΪ޵ĺᣬ޵˽⵱ȻҪʤˡ
ȻСħȴҡҡͷҲ֪ʮ޸ͬ˽ҲֻޣܶǻĹ֣Ǵһٴģ伮ûмˡ
һ٣һôܣһѾǺܶǰˣûܴôá
棬𣬻ޣй̶½ʱУʱӳҲ޵ģˣѾнľ
ǰСħɵͷһǳ˯ڵУûĻֻΪĳЩԭ򱻷ӡˣܴܾúܾãɹһ٣Ҳ֡
Сħ˽ͣлԭˣȷʵ˵Щ޵˲֪ܷ֮
ţͻȻоʲôһ¡
ţ
һݣϸ֪Ȼ֣ͼ֮ŵĺϢ۳һεУԼ۶
ѵǡ
Ȼ룬һ̣뷨͵õ֤ʵ
ЩһǣţԼ磬γһɵ룬ħ𴫸Լ
ɫϵطĺ·ںһ㡣Щɡ

һ
ʮͼÿһͼ֮жӡһֻ֮ǡ
Щ޶ͨޣѪǿһޣ֪꣬·˵֮£ǵĺǲû󷨵ԽԽǿ·Ҫһ㡣
ȻЩ֮ǶǶΪ󷨵ԭõǣôҲû뵽Ȼһķʽ
ѵΪͬԭ
Ӧ˵ͬ壬Сħ֮ǰķҲͬ壬ȻҲûЩ֮
Ʋ⣬ħеͼеĺѪԵϵͬ壬ҶпǻĹ֡
ͷǰˣֱⷽͼͣʼϢ
ģϻ۵ʼŨЩ󲿷ֱյˣҲһС֣֮У塣
һ˿ڵľѪݣõӡĹ֮УΪѪһ֡
֮Ͳ֮໥ڣ˼ĺô
֮ǰղ֮ǣȻŨѪ֮ʵһǱϾʬǣĲкܴ
ڣյ֮ȻҲǴյģȴŵϢ޶¡
ƺԼǽڷ΢죬ٵǿ
ߣСħҲһ㡣ֻϢ۳һУ֮УʧһӰצ
ô᣿
СħɾˣȻ֮
ڵһͼʱСħɾ̽ķ֮ǻ˵ϢСħǺڷˡǻ˵ϢŲһĸ߰ˡ
ڶͼϣϢҲ֮ǰ˵Ϣƣȴ֪ΪΣȻܱչ
ʱơĿڤһСħһ԰ĵȴĻԵ
ͼе纣󡣶δܹյվޡ
ʱ֮Ժ֮ڷŻˣͬʱҲΪ̫ĺ֮͡
˫ۣսȭͷָǵĹǽ졣
ҵİŶݼףѾ޵ļˣ
һâоԼƺ̺̫ͻưŶݼ׵ȴһεĹ谭ͻơ
谭Ŷݼ׵ô
΢΢üҲûָЩͻƵǡ
֮Ук龫ûãʱڻԪ칬õĺ龫ֻһСֶѡ
󲿷־ȵ㹻ʱһٳ
оʱҲԶˣȻԪͻƵǣԼҲû⣬Ȼǰ·ȫˡ
վʱͼ֮еƺˡ
ӰаһȦַɻڣû뵽硣
һ̣СħУַ˺ܴı仯
һʼֻǿͬһ˳ϻǹڵǿͬʱһѹŵ֮ǵ
ˣϻһ֮ӵ


1498 
û뵽һûֻͼУԵɺ֮£õĺô
Īôõĺô֮ǰղ֮й֮
òİɡСħɵɴһ˫񿴹һ벻ôͼ֮еģԭΪһԴڶ󷨵򣬵ϸ룬Ϊ̶ȼߣԴĹڣͼȡȻЩѱûͬԴϢĻôܸںϣ
壿һ£Щӡ
ѽһֱʹϸܵһϢǰһֱоǿңǸղȴܵ÷ǳڣѪ֮е壬˵ǻĹ֣
СħԽ˵ԽԼ뷨еܵʵħϢ
ЦˣҸûʲôϵֻͨˡ
Ҳ㲻֪ءЩĹѪܾ֮ѾûѡСħͷԼԲ˵
ȴÿЦãСħɵ̫ḻˡ
ˣȹ󣡡
һʼұ֤˵߹ǵͼڣ֮ǿԽԽǵͼ⡣
Сħһ̤ͼƬͼϷžſǶ
ǹˮһлͼ֮ϣ۳ɾŷ
ǣ
һԴǾķܶĿ꣬磬ޱȣ죬ͼϿ˵ǣȴֲƼյĸо
ŷһţޱء
תȫԪǣСħɵ֣Сħо飬һ仰Ҳ˵ԹԵĸ
˾̤һϸ
ϸʵ˵һ֣̤񺣾ﱻȡôϸλ硣
ǵһأ磬ûһӦǶ
̤ϸһ̣Χٴ۳ͼ
һ۵ͼھԪϵһϵЩͼеƣͬŵѪɢһŨѪ֮
֮Уǹ⣬Щǹ⿴ȴǳɱһ̤һȴǡ
˫ۣѪϵ·ңÿһҪ̤ҵĽӡϡ
˵Сħ˵ͷ
֮УŨɱһ̤ѭžǷÿһµʱƺһǶּ
ģо߹ƣĳϸӦλá
һ̣ǹ⣬۵磬תҪ۳һһ㡣
תͷһСħɣСħһãȻȻûƵķӦ
ŴҵһһӦڵӦǵĲλӦӦѾ˵ǳˡ
ţ⣬ѾοǾ磬۳ŹΣҲ顣
ʱʱ䣬˳߳ϸ̤˵ڶĿ
Ŀλü֮䣬˵ۣۡɿһ̤һʱͬеüļȡ
鲻ԽĽŻǶӦԼĸо
һʱֱסĿĸоһ
ÿʱʮ˸ʱҲһҹʱ䣬Ŵ˾ǵͼ
һͼٵ˵һֿ飬˵һԵ˵յ֮ԵǴͷβҲջСˡ
һͼ
ʱʮͼѾΧΧֻҪΧһͼܵĹڣˡ
Ϣһ£
ԴӿʼĹڣѾʱ䣬СħɻûʲôĶܴ
õġСħɹɵĵ˵ͷͷβѾϰԵĻˡ
ʱ֮Ӿ˫ۣͼѡǡξ
̤ⷽͼһɲǣСħֻо̤һƬѪɫ硣
ǰɫģղɫƣ·ҪѪ浽ȼյĻ滹ʵҽǻ֮䣬ǵζ
ȡ
СħɽƬ󣬸оƺֱӱ˿ϵ··ҪȼµĿͬ档
ܲͬѰΪСħɱǷ˺ᣬþȲǡ
ţСħͻȻһݣԶһͷͨȼħĻЫӣЫɢޱȿµϢȰ벽Ҫǿ
СħɿЫӵһɲǣǻЫҲСħɺġĹֽУСħֱ˶
Сħͫ΢ЫħԲڵΪֵܹģ
ۿʵֱ׷ĻЫĿ侲ˮûһ£ֻǰСħɻץסСħɵĸ첲𶯣סⷽͼпжξǻЫֻǻ
ĴСħԺСħɴһ£󣡣
ĸ֪УЫޱʵ֮ǰħ۵޶ħ޶£Ȼֻǻ
ȻиеţСħȴĻסۿųѹȸлЫԼ

ͬιһȷ磬ʵɱ벽ĻЫӾôʧˣ·ûдڹ
ξ磬еĶģģ϶ǼٵģǼٵġ֮һгɿգѲǾԶξˡ
Ԫ˵ξͼУξ޷԰εĻôԶ߳ˡ
ңһΧܷʲô㶼ҪţҪ롣
ͷҲص˵ߣٶ۳ͼεͼԪۣͬʮͼӵвҪĶŸҴĹڣ
һǰһн·ߺܹŹ֣ʱʱңʱ򻹻˻ؼСħಽ
ڼ䣬Χϵĳľһʼͬڻ֮С
֮ȴԴ
ˮģСħɽ²µķݣϢŻķҷ
ʱʱԾˮ棬ɺ֥ȥ˼ɾ
СħɹȻ˵Ͼ֮Ů֮͸֪١
ȻĹڣһֻ֪Ҫ˵ҪעĵطﵽҪ
Ҫ֪·˲µĵͼҪס񲢲ףʱ֪һжǼٵģǻǲԾС
СħξͼĳͻʼձֱΪ
Ĵ£˱ܿͼеһɱǲ֪˶ã·¼꣬Ҳ·ֻһ˲䣬һ̣һһֱųһ˿Цݣ˵ǵˣĹڣˡ


1499 ͭŵ
ҹҹ֪Ŭڵȵһ̡
߳Ĺڣû˵ĵط
ǵˣ
СħɳԾ˵ȻƿһͼʱСħɾԤĴĹڣܻ߳⴦أѰ
Ȼڵ֪ĵĹڣĺģСħɻǸоͬһ㡣
ĹڣģصɫʣԴȳֺȻе߲ȻĹڣۣȴδ̤
ξͼĻȫʧչСħǰֵͼ
ֵͼƷŲÿһֶǧ﷽ԲͼϿ˷ӵ·ȴûתһƬš
ڵͼҲû֮ѹֵͼǿյġ
ͼĵǿУһΰͭ
ͭͬɽһΰ޾ڰ֮УءϺµϢ
ǹȥӦûΣˡ
Сħɵ֣һͭ
ǵٶȺǧ룬һʱ
֮ͭ£̵ܸĸܵ׳ΰ
վڹ֮ǰСħɺӹ֮иܵһɿµħ֮ǰħԳϫǴͭӿġ
ôȥ
СħɿһͭĴţɸߣųޱȣɢŲçۻϢ·֮󣬷ӡԴĴֱӳܴϢϴ
Ĭڴ֮ǰоǿԽԽȣһģֳֹ񣬰˴֮ϡ
ûĻҲǴŵԿס
ֻӤƴСĹ񣬾Ƕ˴֮С
ʲôСħɿʵ
š򵥵˵Ȼȴ΢΢üͭźκζ
һ˲䣬ΪԼŪˣŵȴʮϢʱ䣬ʱͻȻ¡¡һľ죬ߴɣǳҪصĴţĴˣ
ͭŴ򿪵ٶȺȴûκ赲Ŀ
ŽʱСħֻоǰһĻͺƿٵһ㣬ԭպϵţһء
ŴŵĿçĴ֮صͭŵҲչСħɵǰ
Сħ̲סС죬˷ܡһ˿˿µСħɵͷ
Ĺڣͭŵǧδ˵ĵطֻʲô
סСħɵ֣֣ص˵ҡ
һǰһ󣬾ô̤˴֮С
ͭŵ֮ڣһƬտһжþˣִɰ˺ϱֺıڻʷһĺصשһеһУׯ϶£ɢŵ֮
֮Уû˿죬СħܹԼнŲĻ
ʱ֮ͻȻˡĻ֮
СħɺǱһ£һֻ̣ԣһյյ޴ĻѺ׵ĵȼͬС̫һȼգͭյͬ硣
һСħɶĿ֮еÿһ龰ˡ
ÿװһ֧ӣΧ˸ֵܡ
Щܣееͣеĵ˸ߣеĵ滨ݡ̵ģǡޣ
һ·޾ǧ֣ÿһ޵̶ΩΩФЩвǻĹ֣Сħɶʾûп
ߵ˾ͷСħɴһ˵ڶ֮С
֮ǰһҪСˣ֮۵һ߸ͭͭ߾ɾţһΪءͭ⻬ޱȣûп̰֡
ͭ£һͭŹףͭŹϲ˴ִƺҪŹ׳סϸһ£ЩĲϣǿͨõֲϣҪϲá
ͭŹףѵһĹڣ
Сħɵһʱ룬ĹڣĻͭŹ˭ò·˰ɣ
·Ȼǿ󣬵ѾʮǰһٶǰڶѾˣԼͭУΧĹڣػĻҲ֮С
òᡭȾ·ΪԼ޽ķĹɣ
СħͻȻðͷסĵЩ飬ûԸԼĹر˴룬·˵Ŀģô֮ǰЩȵҲȻߵѾ·˵ĹŹףʵǡ治ˡ
ŪˡСħԣ΢΢ҡͷ·ȻǹµΪĹڣԿףȻõ˵ҪĹڣҲϼѣ
ҪĹڣ˱ӵ㹻ʵĸ˵ԣҪޡ
ָָͭСħ˵ͭһڱʵһ飬ͭɵĹ顣
飿Сħһø֪̽һȻͭһĹ顣
濴ȥĻһڵϵͭͭ޼
Ȼ飬дʲôײأֻʲô
ҡͷͭʲôҲ룬治·˵塭
Ʋԭģһ·˹컯Ѿó˯ڹŹ֮УСħվڹŹǰǶܸܵޱȿµѹȻôɣΪ·ǰ´УҲýԼĹ֮УӵǴĳߡ
ܷôСħָָͭ飬ȻҪСΨִʲôƣɱ֮
̽һʵƿĹڣ֮ѾǾס˿飬ͭѾûʲôΣˡ
ԡ˵
̫ˡСħ˼Ϊ˷ܣ̲ס˴ֻС֣ЩȲˡ
һ·ߵҪȵܣȻ˷ˡ
ңܻܿһͭ飬ܵˡ뵽һ㣬Ҳʮгɾ͸С
ߵ˹ǰֻ۰׵Сץס˹ķ棬ⷭȻһȴû·һ㣬ƾСħôһ¡
СħɲаӣҧһԿɰСó˳̵
СħĺȻһ㶼ӣ˿
ûиǶߵˣƣ̫ˣСħͣߵ˵
֮ǰĿѾ㹻ˣܵˣ̥֮ѾˣȫûбҪһЩһٵĽơ
һĻݸߵ棬ŹĻȡЦ˵нƣֻǹ汻ˣѽȡˡ
Сħ㶵ĿͭһĻۣһһ죬д󾽣ڨڨ˵ô˵


1500 Ԫʯ̥
ЦСħĥСС֣Ϻݺݵšһ£Ϳˣⲻң͵ſЦأǲǣ
СħȻᣬûԪǿ󣬱šһ²ۣΪĹڣʱãЦ˵ղֻǾСӷӺܿɰ̲סˡ
ĻСħɽһתȥ˫΢ĵǰôô
˺ˣҴˣȱˣҪÿСħԼϵ֣ɫһЩ֮еĶ·µģ¹شȻܹڶϷˡ
֣صķͭ顣
ڹҳϣ֡飿һ
֣ÿһһɼʷԾ׾ߣ
ǡ顷ġ
һԼ֮ǰڵۿʯϿģֻǡ顷ܸٶѣûʲôָֻ֮ȴԵС
ڣȴǡ顷ġ
·µͭ飬Կ̡顷Ҳ֮У
Сħɶһۣӱ˴пһأ־ŵ䣬п̺֮ϵܡ
˹ҳڶҳһ仰
еѭ޵죡
һ仰ʮ˸֣·ҪХǬ
̸һıʼ仰̺𺳡
޵죡ǷһĻ·ȴˡ
·һ磬·µĲ죡
仰еġָʲôϸϸƷζ˵޵ʵ˵ʡ
˵ĵȻͬڴˡ·˵ġ޵ָϿɣô졣
¿ȥǻɬѶľģ֮£д·ӷ˿˸оͷһ裬Զȥĸоƺ⾭ıħһ㡣
顷УҲֿ̺µħ
СħԳ֮ȻĶ顷ģȴҲΪĪ˵⣬ǿȥҪļԪЩ֮ħϮ
·ԭƫħ޶֣ɼһߡ
ӡУ·˾Ů·йǲޱȣ·гɱ¾֪˶ߡȡҲˣ
ֱӡ顷ֻо˫ĿʹָоϸĶ
űߣӵйĿⷽԶˣĪ˵Ǽ֣Щӵĵƣһۼס
Ȼ⡶顷ȴоԼ䣬ҪϺü飬ǿǵá
ԣСħɵļٶҪ
Ͼ֮ǰ˵еĵƣСħɼǴ㿪ʼġ
ż
ʹ۾ǰ
еʱ䣬ż
СħɾһĶʱ䣬ŴԵĽ顷һһ顣
֮Ѿ֪ˡ顷ʲôš
·˴ġ顷ͬޡ
ޣԼ
ޣ
顷һֱΪÿһǼ˱ͷ֮
顷£Լ徫һںԴﵽ˼ľ硣
ġ顷һ֮ͬʱһԪ⾫ԪҪôѪҪôȡ
ǰߵȱǻԼѪգ֮ںܳһʱڣԼΪʵ
ߵȱʺʵ̫ˣ󣬶Ҿõһ֣ҪҲϼѡ
ڡ顷һĩβ·дһǳԾĺǣԭ·޳ɡ顷֮󣬵õһʮԪĲϡԪʯ̥
νԪʯ̥ʯͷʥ顣
һʯ¾Ԫ֪ĹЩԪΣһɹʯ̥ʥʯôȻ츳ʵˣʣ޶й֮޲
˵УϹŴܣǴʯͷĳģɾ񣬹컯
Ȼ飬ǿԪʯ̥Ҫ̫ԶʱͼΪ̵
ȱʯΣڵĻԪ֮أ¾ֻԵɺϣͶʮ꣬ʱ䣬ɹ
һԪʯ̥ƽٶΪ棡
ûԪʯ̥񶼺ĲʮĹ
·Ҳ⣬οõԪʯ̥ʱѾ˾ԪҪˡ
Ȼ·һʮֳԾ顣
һҪþʮ꣬Ԫʯ̥У·ڵ֮вʱ磬ʱټӿ쵽ʮһ·һЩȥʬΪϣþԪ󹩸Ԫʯ̥ɳԪͬʱҲάŵת
ȴʮϰ֮ʥ顣
Ȼ
·˲µĵ롣
ʱʮһʱ磬ȡ
νľԪȻĹڣˡ
ȵĴڣ·µĴУС顷һͬʱҲΪ˽Ԫʯ̥
뵽𺳣˾ֱʣɼ·˵ǿˣ
ѵԪʯ̥ǡ
ͻȻһĿתƵ˾ԼǰԶͭŹϡ
ϵͭŹϣ˺ص
ڹŹ棬ӡԪʯ̥


1501 
˵ŹзӡԪʯ̥СħɿĿ⣬֪ʲôˡ

ߵͭŹԱߣڹŹѾ֪£Ź֮Ͽ˸Щ̫ޣиߡ
֮ϣڴϸĻϣ˷ģΪ̫ԶЩĹŹ׺Ű߰⼣˲Թŵζ
ķ϶УܿŹ׸ĳЩͼħѪͼ
̫޽˺Ƭģཫ̫޻ɱȡѪġ
֮ЩűŰϡ̵ĸо˿Īӿһɱ⣬·ҪƲס
ͭŹԶŹͭȳȿʮֳأ׸Ǻ͹ײ·һ𣬲˿϶
ͭŹУħĿһбħԳϫ롶顷һйأҲ൱һ֣ͭŹף
ᷢʲôᷢɡСħɿڹײϵ񣬸оЩ顣ȴʮϰ꣬ʱʮʱ٣Ҳͼǧ꣬ʱ䣬ڹŹһֱĹڣģôԪʲô
Ҫ֪еĶɱһԪʯ̥ѳΣ˿µܹԸ˵ġ
˵Щ᲻Ϊסʯֹ̥ƹ׶СħͻȻ룬΢΢ĬŹףȷʵзգԡ顷һһ֪£ˡ
ҲɣܿŹ׻ᷢʲôҶῪݣڴ֮ǰһ顷
ŹһῪߵˣð˲֪ٷգδɵ飬ۿҪõ·˵ĴУʱǿЦĻˡ
ģҲֻǿ顷һսС
ڡ顷֮ǰҹ
СħҲͬһ顷ۡ顷ȻСħ֮ϡ
СħһЩʺͻɬѶ̡֮
ģСħɶԡ顷Ҳ̵⣬ԭԳָ㣬Ҳˣ̾ѣԣСħȷʵй֮޲
¡Сħÿվһʱ䣬ôȥˡ
Сħɣǳڣ顷һǽ顷ͬ޾ͨطڣ顷£߿Ծߺһﵽ˼ľ硣
Ȼбף顷Ϊһֱָ۷ĴҲ;ٳɣҪǧʱֳۣǿ
չصӣįһ򣬻ͨޣһʼֻСħɴȡСħҲܸṩܶ˼·
Ϊƣǲѡ顷һ޵£Ѿ顷һȫȫӡļ䣬׿ͭ飬һܻ顷һκһϸڣ⾳ÿһĵ
ֹ˰꣬СħɽһڻͨˣѾȴʱ䡣
Ϊ˳Ľһʱ顷һֻа벽֮ңˡ
ԭӡ
ˡ顷һ֮ٻ֮ƿ̵ĵ·֮ܶǰȫĵطѾȻʡ
ȥĻƾԡ顷⣬ȫԱ۾ɣһΣա
···£˿԰ȫ·£䣬ļ·һ߸㡣
ĬĬν򵼣Ҳܽǰ۳ľ飬·Ѱ·ķǲ˽ԭֻƾЩԵİ취ǿΣգԲֵѪĹ
һգеȻ˫ۣվͭŹס
Сħһڿף
Щӣԡ顷һⶼѾƿΪ۽ƣͻˡ
䣬һαչؾֱӿԽü󾳽磬벻ϵսĥ¡һչأߵʵսҲڷ͹ϣͣͲǰ
ʱˡͷ꣬Ķˣﵽ˼£ʱǳˣȥ֮ǰҪȿŹס
ȡ·µĵ񣬰ѵУͭŹףδ֪˭Ҳ޷ԤϹŹлʲôǾأҲɱ
е֣о༸ֱϣ·˲һľ˿һЦ
ΪԶŹϵŹ׼һһ˫ӡٵģЩƿ̵һһӦ
һ̣ϵķһһ˸ʯĿ⣬šžһ죬ˡ
˫ְʯϣСħһۣҪô
ѣĿʲôаСħҲŴȥ㿪ܻ
СħЦһں˵ʱˣ˵˼ôĻʲô£˵һܾһء
СħɵԴʵȻҲ٣ʲôգСħڣȷʵܶһ
΢΢һЦҲڷϻʮָȻץס˹Ź׵ǡ
ͺһȫǽڱ죬а֮Ŷݼ׿󣬳һӰ
һ̣˫ȴͬһŹһȫݵֱϣֱʮڽĿֲ
š¡¡ľ죬պǧͭŹףôƿˣ
һ̣ƿķ·ǹŹףƿһأ
ǣ
ͭһ˲䶼΢Ķţֻৡһ죬һҫڡ顷֮ϣӵĴ·תϹ۹γһţ
ǡţ
Сħס˺ͻȻֵĹţ·һʱգӦǴˣ
⴫ţѵͨģ
Сħͷвֵļ
յѾ˾ˣڸһ̤Ĺڣ֮ǰСħж˾ͷˣڿ̤ȣܲ
ϲһ£ʱСħȴȫעҲֽϣ׼ӦʱܽٵΣա
Źеʲô
ǱȻЯ飬Դϲа飬ôһ޴Σ


1502 Ԫ쵤
Ź׿һ˲䣬µħϢ糱ˮһӿȻԾͬʱ˷ѪǹȫԪת£
صĹŹף¶źĿڣûһ˿졣
ɫأֳһƸ֪Ź֮Уһ̽飬ͷһ
߹ײ棬ǧٵ֮ģڶ֮ģȫӡһһɶ೤ʯϣʯġ
ⷽʯͭŹоǧ£ؼա
֪ʯ֮Уĸеʯ֮У·һ̥кԪɳݻš
³Ϣһ㣬һ˵
ʣһʯԪʯ̥ˣ
ϸ̽һԪʯ̥ӡ֮ģ־ЩӵзӡЧǽԪʯ̥ӡˣԪʯ̥ȻܹϵմԪɳݻǲɾ
һ㣬һ·˿ǵüΪȫһԪʯ̥ʱ̫ã˹ʵǿó˴м̳ܹӦԵķ룬Ǿͱˡ
ȷʱûΣգ߽ʯס
ʯ֮УԪʯ̥֮⣬һͭӣֻ̽飬֪ͭУӡһĿռ䡣
΢΢ͭȡ˳ûʲôرͭӣֺзӱƿ֮ġ
Щ֮ģзʱЧһ㣬óһԾĽۣ֮ͭУʱٱ򱶣ңַķӡҲЧ
ʲô
ɻӡ⿪ͭϵķӡ
򿪺ӵһ˲䣬һŨҩ˱Ƕ֮ǰͭУһ۴Сı̵ҩⵤҩӨ͸ͬһ㣬ڵҩУһԪͻҳ壬ֱһСһ㡣
ֻҩ㣬оȫë׶չҩ˵
һһųԽ񵤼Ĳҩȥ󲻵ĺô
ҩͭӵãһһʱ٣ΪõҩܲҪ̫ƾõ£ⵤҩ֮࣬⣬ҩӡĲ֮ģҲΪ˱֤ҩ棬ֹҩЧš
ڵҩԱߣһö򣬸֪Уֻкܼ仰Ԫ쵤߿ɹ̻Ԫ̥ǡ
δߣÿҩһʱСߣһηþԪ쵤֮һߣȫá
Ԫ쵤
һ֣֪Ǹеġйˣһҩ
顷һط顷ˣϡƽĻô顷һˡ
·Ϊ˾ר׼ҩν׼֮ܵˡ
ⵤҩӨ͸ȥ²ô򵥣Ľܣûˣûгҩʸֻҩ㣬Сߣܷõҩ֮һֻߣһ̷
Ϊ·˵۹⣬δܿǵԼ㲻ʲôߣ̷ֻ֮һĵҩˡ
ɼ񵽱ˡ
СħȻҲϵŵҩļֵ䵽䣬𶼻Ϊ֡
΢΢һЦ˵һˣⵤҩһݡ
ҲŲҪСħСԴҡ˹ƵģߵĹͣͨ·ѡе˶㣬أΪֹʲôûѧһؼѾײˣ˲ԸǷ飬ܳȥȫ㣬ͭеõıȻҲУҰ㶼á
СħɶԲԼõĶ˿ûзǷ֮룬ȴҡͷԪʯ̥ңҩƽ֡
ô˵Сħɸʱ䣬ڤ׷ɱǱȣֱԭСħǱǣġ
ټСħʼԸ̬ͬȣҲֵýŵҩøСħɣԼⲻȥ
СħɻʲôȴˣԪʯ̥ǿܾҪǳȥˣڳȥѣܻ
СħȾ꣬ʱֻȥʮ£Ƴ˵ʮ¸ʲô
οε׷ɱ߻Լ޵ڤӣڤӴˣҰļպݶԲ͹ڤӵģĪ˵ʮ£꣬ҲСĳȥʱ׼Ӧڤӵĳɱ
ڤӣôԸСħһݣڤӿǴ
Ԫʯ̥ٴӳ顣


1503 ̻ʥ
Сħڶڵļ£Ҫڤӿʵ̫ѣҪ֪컯ʥʥ۷壬Сħ߳һ󾳽磬ˣҲ޷ֻڴѡ
ڤţԼֻһζչؿ޵Ļһ꣬ڤӵĶ֡
ʵΪڰݻ±չأʵչ̫ˡ
Ԫʯ̥֮ǰ˫ᴥԪʯ̥Ǵֲڵʯϣ·ӡԪʯ̥֮ģģ⿪Щĺס
ʮָٵɳӡһһĽ⿪
ÿ⿪һӡͻµһϾ޹ǴǧԪʯ̥òء
ŷӡ⿪һ룬Ԫʯ̥ϵԽԽңʯ̥֮Уķһͳ·ޣԪʯ̥˻
֮顣
Ŀ΢΢һԪʯ̥޴ɱ֮顣
ˣӡ⿪Ԫʯ̥ɢħҲԽԽǿкХصơ
ͣ
ӡ⿪֮Ԫʯ̥ϵΧռºɫħСħɿз飬Ԫʯ̥·˲ӡǧҲ̫ľô׶Ըģ
ھҪ⿪Ԫʯ̥ķӡ˵ڹʱв⻯δĨȥ⻯ǣ⻯ʶ󱻷ᣡ
⻯˴ڣ⻯ҲΪ֣һǰ㣬նԪطһΪķͬһǱ𣬱Ƿ߿ںϣκηɵ
ڶ־㣬ɷ;ǣʧܣܱᣬԼı𣬷ķ
֪򵥵ĻشȻҪ⿪ӡ
Ѿ¶ģСħֻòٶԣڷӡ⿪֮չֳѾˣ
һƲã֮֡
а֮
˫һϣ󣬸ֳа֮Ӱ
µ׻֮Ԫʯ̥к
ʯ̥ľ
˵пٵصʱŮûˣûʼ顣ǲ˵ʷصԪʯ̥һʼġ
׻֮ӳԪʯ̥֮ϣԪʯ̥Ȼһ˫۾
һ˫Ұɫ۾˫Ŀ֮¶ŨŨĲ⣬˿һۣͨ
Ԫʯ̥Ѿǡ
ˮһħйԪʯ̥־ԽԽֲվСħɫˣôֲ־ô
ʱۿȻһĽ⿪ӡȻûоµ˼·µķӡֻʣ֮һˣŷӡĲϽ⿪Ԫʯ̥ڲϵǿȫ⿪ʱСħԪʯ̥ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ
ģ
Ԫʯ̥˴̶ĺУţʯ棬ʯмĵԪʯ̥Ҫˣ
˫Ŀ֮¶Ĳָ̺̰оͺҰ޿ɿڵʳ
ԳԪʯ̥ԣȫѪ֮ޱǿȷʵǴ֮
Сģ
ۿһı⿪Сħɫһ䣬ʧѵʱԪʯ̥ʶѾǿ󵽿µĵزܻᱻᣡСħɶΪΣʱҲֽţ˿ƣԪʯ̥꣬·˵ѹƣȴҲѾɳޱȿµľ硣
ģ
ڷӡȫ⿪һɲǣԪʯ̥һ̶֮ļУ־һѪܵ׽׻֮Ϯɱ
ȻҪ־ļľͷ
ۣ
ĿǱʺ־֮ԼüġȻһɫ԰ס
СħɾΪ־֮Լһ˲䣬óʲôѹ׵ʽû뵽Ȼʲôû־֮Լľ֮
Ҫ֪֮սľ֮УܿΪ޴ĳľ֮ˡ
ľ֮оսԪʯ̥ʧܣܣʧܣֱӱɹˡ
СħһľĿʮ֮ƫƫʱʲô־Ԫʯ̥־໥ʱҲֻܿţҴ塣
ʲôСħߺǿôսʤ־޷Ԫʯ̥
ʱ·һɲˣʯһ㣬ԭأһҲ
СħɹĲǧԪʯ̥·˵ķӡ֮£ʶҲɳԶľ硣
ʱľ֮У־ûΣ߸ڿУɫȻ
ǰʮɴһɫħӰ֮飬ȫɢħ
ħӰЦ
ҡҪлл㣬ꡭ졭ڳӴش󡭡ΣҪߡɾ
ħӰȻԣƺΪû˵ԭʮּɬ
һԪʯ̥ǲ֣ǻ˵ͲͬѰˣϾӻδͱ˴֮Уδ磬ûɻ˵ǡ
ħӰ·𿴳Ĳ⣬ЦĹڣ˲֪١ǱɣҲҵľԪǵǣҲΪã
ħӰͲ̣ԸһγɵģħӰûԼ˸еֻ౻ɵ˸ۡ
ԭˣԪʯ̥ǣγɵĹȻЦһ˵
ٺ٣˵ǹǻǻۡǧγɵһԽ̻֮ʥ飬ҿǧ򻯣˵־;ԪճɳΪףǧǰôǸ˶û뵽ģ̫ԸˣΪͲôͼԴ򣬰ź˵ˣŲߣԤϵǧ֮飿ҵĳԶԶƣڵңѾһ壬κ˵ǻۣҽҵʷҽΪʮ龴ηĿ´ڣ
ǴԲѣϵЦ䡣
Цʱ̻ʥҲЦ治ףͷ㻹Цó඼޴ôô޴꣬ǿĻҶɡ
ǷһĻȣľ֣֮ϣһɫƾճ֣Ļתţϲ·زԹŵϢ


1504 һ
зĺɫ壬̻ʥϷζЦݣô˼㻹ֿң˵꣬־Ѿǿ󵽲˼ĳ̶ȣ޶ܶᣡҲΪҵһְɣܲΪҵһ
̻ʥԽ˵Խ죬ͻȻһɱ
ڷĳУ̻ʥûĺڰΧȫУֱ֮
Цɻ
ħӰһ˲䣬ĵССΪģµĺɫȻֲУ·Ҫ棡
̻ʥų־֮ȫɫʶϣǷ籩۶ľһ㡣
̻ʥ鷢һҺͻȻȫϣеǸµ壬ɢޱȿֲϢϢһ̶ϿԱǧǰ·ˣ
ʲô
̻ʥ龪ţ壬ҪӺɫӳȥȻе춴й֮޲̻ʥûзء
Ҫȵȣ
ۿҪн飬̻ʥҽţɱңҲòԪʯ̥ѾɵļȾˣûȥȡЩ䣬Ԫʯ̥ʱЩͻ꣬ɥʧ˸񣡡
̻ʥļ٣Ԫٵ˵Ϊһԭû˸Ȼʧң߲һһʧңǾͱһˣûԸ
̻ʥвֻЦˣɣ
³һ仰еȻÿתĺɫͬһ㣬̻ʥʶ÷飡
㡭ᡭ󡭡ڡ̻ʥ鷢Թ䣬ȻȻ֣ԼʶڱѸٳ룬е˸ӡڱһεĨȥ䣡
ͻȻһĻ̻ʥͨĨȥӡ˸ôܣ
һͷһ̣ʶ˸ȫĨɱֻʣ޾ƬеĺɫưУ
һУһͷ
ղŵһĺܴ
ˣڿʹħ
Ȼղħ˿ֲЧΪ̻ʥľ֮Ҫ
νɻԪʯ̥Уʯ̥ػ꣬ôҪħԸҪѵöࡣ
ʱ䣬ҵѾͬնҲ߶ħ컯ʥҲʥڣʹ顣
п·ĻҺɫ壬á
Ʋ⣬ڶħʹȻȲ컯ʥӶԺʹʱƣ׷ǳ飡
̻ʥ֮Ԫʯ̥ˡ
ЩƬҲǺܴдʥ꣬˲ǽһײȱͺܲˡ
ڶԣģҶ䣬ֵʱȥ
ʵӵеĶѾ̫ˣ𡢻Ԫ󶥼ĴУҲδ֪а֮ЩǶ䡣
֮⣬зĲȱУԼ顷һ
ЩѾ㹻ǧˡ
һӾ֮˻ر壬۾Ļָ㿴ǰԶСħɡ
ʱСħɣɫ԰ףֻСֽ߬һ𣬽֮
̻ʥһɲǣСħֻоԼĶˣµ۾ٶȻָɵʱ򣬻̰̺İĹâ
ദʱ䣬ɱֺڰݼŵУѾСħеˣˣСħ޷ĺ
ܻᱻ̻ʥ׷ɱȵĳ·Ҳᱻ̻ʥ̻ʥ׷ɱӵһһĿݼţ޾ʬǶɹĻ˷
û£㵣ˡڻҰ֮УͻȻչһЦһЦݣ·ڻĴ磬СħɿһһᣬЩ
ھµĻ£൱ģСħֻһŮ
̲סҪ˽ĻȻߵǰһ˲Сħֹס˲ӣ۵Сȭݺݵĵؿڡ
Ϊ㵣ģɵˣһӦԲˣСħ˵˵ţίһ˫ڵĴ۾ģƺʱҪ顣
ղھĶ˵ܿ죬Ѿȥһӵʱ䡣
һӶСħɶԷ·һǰˡ
¶СŮ̬Сħɣһʱ֪˵ЩʲôЩΣСħڴ׷ȥ˵ڣԪʯ̥˰ɡ
ǡ
ͷͭŹеԪʯ̥ʱԪʯ̥Ѿȫ⣬ʶҲĨȥȫһžѪ̥壬̺޵Ѿõĵز
ǡ顷ȱ֮壡
νȱ֮壬ȫȱûһ˿©һ˿㣬һߣսҲãǾҲãڵѪ֮ëѨʧȱ֮ͲᣬķȫγһС棬⣬ȫͬռ䣡
ĬĬתġľԼֳһ֣ע뵽Ԫʯ̥֮С
ֳԼ꣬ܶ࣬ĺôǣԪʯ̥ԶԼƣΪԵķٶȲʶѡ
糱ˮһעԪʯ̥УܿͳԪʯ̥ÿһ֣šǡ죬Ԫʯ̥ڵʯ⿪ʯƤϵİ䣡
ľԪʯ̥еķֻ꣬ĿԪʯ̥ÿһѪ⣬תԪʯ̥̺Ԫһ˲䣬һӴƥѪ֮ĳȫû
ÿµ
𾪣Ѫ̫֮ǿˣ겻ᣬֱӾͻᱻ飡
š顱һ죬һʯȫըѿʯƬķ䣬Ԫʯ̥׵׵Ĵʯͷĳˣ
ʱһѪ⣬ģֱ治ò
һȻ֣Ԫʯ̥л·µķӡӡǧԪʯ̥޴յĿ
ӡһһһʵһӡڵΪܽ⿪Ȼǰȴ⿪
ԥ⿪һӡ
ԡ顷⣬һвѡ
⿪ӡ˲䣬ֻһı죬Ԫʯ̥ڣ·ŭ
ŨѪ֮ԪͬɽХһ㱬
޴йڹ˷ÿһѪֱ֮ӳı
Ԫʯ̥Ѿķ߷ΪҲǸͨģͱ֮䣬


1505 ɾ
䣡
һɲıӿ˿µ޴۵ȫ壬磡
ͻı仯⿪ӡʱԤҲûԤϵ˿͡磬ܲסĹ룬·Ҫѿ
һѣ³֪صһ˲䣬һֱӵѡǾǷſ磬̫͵ͷųȥȻԼȻȫȴ˷޴
һ̣˫Ŀⱬûзſ磬ƾı߽磡Ҫᣬͻ
һ˿͵ͻƣһܲסѹܻᵼѺۣԸԭôǶԼĸǿоԵţ
壬죬Ѫͣ·ȫѪҪһ㡣
ű䣬һ׶Σ˼ĳ񣡵ȻԷ˵ģڿһ磬ܷ˵ĤݣԷ˵֮·ϵ񾳣飬߶ԣǿߣһ棬ƺţ֮
ͨǿߣѾԿɣһƷţʮֻ꣬ռһ򣬳һ棬ͽͽĤݡ
侳ķһˡ
ǳɾȴɱʥһ̶ϣ
򣬳ȥ칬֮⣬ǿһ綼ҲĤݾܶඥʥأа꣬ǧ꣬һ
żش
ȻҪͻܵʹҲ
ھ޴ѹ֮£ƤµѪܶͿֱ飬ȫëףѪѪźˮʱ·һѪˡ
֮У͵ɽضҵԭ˿ֲ籩ֲڷ籩֮з飬ۣ
λɽ
磬ʱ·ĩһĳ
а֮
ͺһ磬а֮賤쿪ïʢ֦Ҷ
Ӵĸϵץסأһѹһȹ࣬ȻǿѹоԼ·һƺȫѪҪһ̱
ҧŶݼ׿£ǿа֮˫֧£Ӳĳסĳʱֻǡı߽翪ʼˣ
䵽Ⱦչ߽ҲζͻƵĿʼ
߽濪߽֮ĻգϵĿţڳɳ
һ翪йڣѹ
ģƤ±ѪƽëеѪ˿ҲڶɹѵĽ׶Σͻֻʱˡ
ʱΪ˿µѹȫѪܶ߰˰ˣ綼ܵ˻Ե籩ϴҲֳһֽ뾫ԪһҪһˡ
Щ޵飬㣬඼ܲˡߣСħĿͻƵọ̈̄Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
뵽ȣһħԳϫĹڣٵԪܰ浽ޡ
ǣǿЦЦһвӣʮ֮󣬽ʮʱ䶼ôģҲǳз˿ɼ츳Դֻ֧֡һ½ߣ½ƽߣȻ½һθıһĻԵƾ޷ֲ֮Ĳ࣬ұôƴƴҵĻԵƴҵ֮·ھͲ￴ˡ
Ϊȵģһ˵ЩСƺĸоȻСħɵĶУȴ𺳡
ʵ˵ƺֻƽҲûдС𼶵ӣȴ˼ȡڵĳɾ͡
췽ҹ̷СħҲʼսŽɣȻڣȴеõ֤ʵƽ񣬻½ƽϽʮڴ磬ƽ֪ж٣ʮһ㣬һһҪ½ƽ߳ﵽĳɾͣ붼о˼飡
ȶԣСħԼħʹ칬ħ飬Դж˵ʮѵһİ֮壬ߵڣĳɾͣһҲǿ
Сħе޵ݵĸоֱ˻ˡ


1506 
ʮ֮Ĺڣ𶴸֮ǰ
ʱѾȫָΪɣѧϰˡ顷һĹڣѾᳵ·ˡ
ǰˣõˡ
һȥһʱ䣬Ԫ޶ԣѾ൱ˡ
ڶ֮Уþܸܵһ΢ĸ֪ӵϣ̽һΪͱ仯
ɸ֪ġ
ԴСħɴطÿ£ԽԽˣٶȣò˶꣬ͻ;ƿݶ
ڵһͨ߶ܽɱ
ηǺηпţǧ˿ƵĹڣľͱôˡ
ΪѾˡ֮ǰ˵һӣʱͻҸʵ̶ֳȡ㽫ĳɾͣˣǰܽľ㣬ҲĿˡ
΢΢Ĭ˵ǰ̫ˣѾҵ·ʹǰȣǰԪֻѪգֻҪѰʥҩǰͿԻظٻǧ²⡣
𣬻ĸм֮飬ڶ̶̾ӣΪط꣬ĿʲôⶼǶĴ˶ǡ
ûˣҵԼҴŻ̾Ϣһ֮С
ǰҳȣҿΪǰѰҩֻҪҩǰȻָ̫ܻʵðػشľ磬û⣬ǰΪصҲԼɣǰǰУҵҩ⣡
ЩľԻϵ״˽⣬óûԼô⡣
ֻ̫󣬼ǧڴ˵أĻĥټϸԼСħɴŵһֻҪܳȥǿָһЩԪ
ҡͷ˵һĻҲȥ
ΪʲôסˣСħҲˣһĵطһ޾ĺڰ޾Ŀݼź޾ʬǣСħɶԴһ꣬ҪˣȻ˵ԸȥָоԼˣԾСħɿ֪Ҫȥ涼ȱǿ
ǰѵΪʲôҪѰ·¶գСħɲ̵ʵһ߳ƵĶڰʬУ¶һˣգʮֲ
΢΢һЦ˵ΪϧҵһҲޣҲɱ飬³Ҳ˰ţǼǵҽ͹ΪʲôҪȰɡ
ͻȻⷬȴһˣǾǰ⣬ǰ˵Ϊ𣡡
ԡΪгҲгǶˣӦκ׷ӡǣҵң۸Ŷٸʱգһҳȣͻ֪ûʲôǶܻᱻ
Ӧѵ꣬ǰȣ𾪣СħҲǸоԽܣԾ˵ǰѾܰȵģʲôˣ
񡭡ͻȻƮ̾Ϣһ׷ɱҵˣǵĵһۣҲҵֵܡ
ۣ
ͫһ൱컯ʥһ
Ǿǻʵǿߣܺ壬׷ɱ𱻱Ҳ֮У
Ϊֵ֮ܶӦұ׷Ͷ·Žȣ֮ضȻϧվ·ѡˣδܵõȵĴУľ
ȻֵܣΪʲôҪɱǰСħɲʵȻ⣬ȴûлش
Ĭȥû֪Ը⣬Ӧеʹ
ߵ磬Ĺ̫ˡ
л۵Ĵڣ𲻿ܳˣȥˣҲ˵иҵ³뵽ĬȻǰȻܳȣһʮ֮ڻصΪҩǰ֮ر򲻷֮ġ
˵ţֲ鿴𶴸Χõ󷨣Щ겼µģֿħԳϫڿ󷨻ܼһЩʱա
߰ɣȣ
СħɣСħĲ̵Ŀһֻۣõͷ
˾ٴνĹڣ֮УڼСħɣˡ顷һ֮ҲһĹڣˡ
ֻ˼ʱͻصͭǴŻھתš
뿪ˡ
ǣСħɵ֣Ȼ̤˴
ʱ꣬Ҫ뿪˵ء
ৡ
âһСħֻоΧȻһ䣬һ̣ѾһƬдеɭ֮С
ﷱƽ֥ҩдУһԴĸоУغأټļûκΣյ֮һ
һԶܿһߵÿֲĳɫɽɫɽب룬ͬһɫĴɽ壬צǣΩΩФǳɽɣȵڣɫľ޿ڴ
ĳˣҾ;ȲԶ
ȷһ㣬Сħв֪ʲôоΪҪǸݼ֮شǧ꣬һӣڽٺػԭ磬ܲ
̲סժһ黨һڣ˱ǣ־ΥҲжۿ΢΢ʪУҹЩ޾ʬǣֻһɸϢζֻ㣿
ֻоĿɹʱһöɫҶһֻƮĻ꣬гϣϲã
̫ˡ
Сħɱ˫ۣɷ֮ʹⰻȻ֮¡
Ȼȴʼɫ·ûп˫ۣһֱڸ֪׽ʲô
ʲôСħɿӣͻȻһݣҲ֪̽ܣȴ֣ƺһεԼ
΢΢Ҳоˣ֮һʲôΣգƫƫʲôڼǣû´Ļڵط˲󷨣Ⲽˣ˾ųɵĿܾڤˡ
Сħ˵ţ֮⣬һʯɽ֮УϢ
ʱһ£òȻ˫ۣ˫ĿͬѪһ㣬ʺ졣
ġô촽Ƿһ˿аЦӣڤˡ


1507 յ
ڤΧվǵ᪵ӣǶǰ벽Ϊ
ŵˣֵ֩ܡ
ֵܹ֩ڵ᪣ǿ᪸ıʮַҲЩù
ڤˣ˵ʲôˣ
ֵ֩ĵʵ⴦ʯɽȣƾ辭龫ѡһأһ㲻ʲôΣգڤӵĻҲû̫䡣
˵гˡ
ڤ˵䣬˫Ŀɱֽгһɫ谵֮£ɭȻĺ⡣
仰ֵ֩һվ˵Ǹȵˣ㲻ڿЦ
ڤӿֵ֩һۣȻûȤôĵķʡĪΪʮµʱ䣬ֻΪɢģ
ڤӵУд˼ˣô׾ˣڹȻĲ²õ֤ʵ
ֵܻ֩ǸеܽܣĿ϶֮ǰȣ
Ŀãڤ԰գڿնڵķֱɶȥ
ڤ᪵Ƕһۣ׷˴򣬽˵Ϣ˵һˡ
Ⱦ꣬ʮ£Ե˵Ȼʮʱ䶼ΧҪץһʱǸڤӷֿˡ
ۼŴĻֵܻ֩Ǹеţ᪵ӣˣǿֵ֩ܣǻߣ
ֵ֩ɴڼȵУ˽סγѡ
ⲻܰ
ֵ֩ţʱ᪵Ҳڿնֵֻ֩ˣҲֻ׷ȥˡʼղţ˵а궼û߳ȣᱻһëͷСӾôˡ
ʱǧ֮⣬ǰȻһ⣬ǴĹâ
еĴһɴϢڤӲµ󷨣ҵټгˣ
ʲô
ߣܴһݣСӣĳˣ
ʮܴҲ˽ȵĿֲһЩϣȷϵеĴģ𶼲߳ȣֱܳ˼顣
ĽֳҲãʩչʲô۷ûнҲãΣˣ
ץ·Ҫ߬һ㣬ϣ᪸ܵԽԽвԭ֮ս컯ʥӵ֮ԱǣڣȴĸоĸʱĻﵽʲô磡
ʱȻΪʥһв
ԼĶ֡
ӵ£ǱСģУ֪õʲôԵʵƴĻ˵ǻ﷭
ܴ˵ⷬԼоƣһǿߣȻҪɵһߣ˵ȥ֮
֪õĻԵ죬Ҳı䲻ΪĲ࣬󾳽磬ҾͲΣҲûϵܴгαɱһӵպɱ͸ˣ
˵ܴ˽
ͬʱڤѾɵڵɽ֮У룬ڤӶԣֻһգ۵飡
ѾֵȺˣı󣬾ǻԪ칬
СħɣѾ˻Ԫ칬֮С
ڤӣЦĹȻûʧȵڡ
ڤ۾һɣĪ˼ܣȻῴ©һؼԵı仯Ǿǡ
ΪȻﵽ
ôܣʮ£ڣͻ
ڤ֪֮ǰոͻڲãҲ䵽ߵһɱ䣬ѰߣҪǧꡢʱܿһһӶ޷ԽţʮʮʱһѾˡ
ڣֻʮ£
ڤӾ
ĵر
ڤüһ뵽ܹʱ硣ֻ뵽ĵرˣȻеľԵɱ䣬ٺõĵرҲʼղԼΪɸȣһţѡּ˵
ΪӦҵ׷ɱϧȶĵرǿͻôڤĿƵĿΪ㻹ǲƺϧͻΣ˵ǸȵǿʮصҶԣҲֵһᣡ
ڤЦƽ۽棬ɱƣ㻹ӽڹУѵǴ潻棿
Ц㼤ҲûãΪԸһСʮ£Ҫü伫ѽԵУȷʵĶ֣ǡе׷ô
˵ţ嵹˳ȥ˲û˻Ԫ칬֮С
Ԫ칬շź¡һը죬裬ʯɽԪ칬ˣ
ʱڤȴûеһʱ׷ȥĻɫˮò˵вȷʵмɵ
ڤԶɣƫƫһճǼơ
Сӣƶˣ׷ȷʵпΣգ׷Ҳܣڤ˫Ŀ˸ȻǷһ˿Цкֺ֣γûУ֪ҵʵޣֻǵͨĴʹشˣ
ƽĻԵɱģһܣȵܣУ
ڤӵ˫ĿѪ죬ֱֳ׷ȥ


1508 
ڻԪ칬У֮УѾоһɸ֪˻Ԫ칬ڤӹȻ׷ˡ
ԤϣڤӣһҲܿ׷
ǼһˣԷһǿߣ벽ټڤӣҪͬʱһȺצ
ô죿СħɿͻҲͬʱԸôǿߣͽ֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
յ룬룬ߴأѡյһǹ
˵䣬˫Ŀɱ˸֪ڤӻǵ᪣ͺñͬΪվͷԵһ
ƣ˽ĵռ
Сħһճ̶ȻԶԶȲĹڣ󣬵Ҳʮֿˣ˵УѡյǴյصĻⳡս֪ҵ̶ֳȡ
ĪڤҲɱСħһڤӵΪʵǲ̫ˣɱڤӣֱ
ڤˣصúܷʥ״ӵʱ򣬾ʥӴΪʥԵףƾԼͼı߸ܷʥأܷʥصϽɱҪɱûʲôա
Ľܷѩ˵ڤӴ츳Ϊ£Ľܷѩ˿Ƕ֣ܳɾ𣬶ңڤûκαһƽߵһ͸˴ⲻ͸ˡ
Ȼɵ
ʵϣܣھ͸ڤһԼӣΪԼ󾳽ǿߣʵڲǡ
ȻڤӣҪһζȱѣı䲻ʲôڤӻǻ½أбչأһɲĻͿ֮أҲʲôͻˡ
ıչѾﵽƿҪϵĥѺսĥԼΪһ
Ԫ칬һɳۣڲƴ۵Ĵ£Ƭ̣㵽Ŀĵأǰ룬һƬȫա
ܲźɫ֮ǰշ·˺һ飬¶޾ĺڰƺƬڰͨȵʱա
յľء
ʱջޱȣԹһ㣬ʥ߽У˲ʧڻҵʱ֮УԶ޷
ǽǿߣһҪµʱշ籩ÿʱÿĴʱ޷ѣҲҪ档
ǡ
ɢſϢĺСħһۿҪУ
ЩСħɲ顷һҲлж˲俴ѡص㣬֮أ
ǻ治ɫĻش𣬰룬ԿٷеĻԪ칬˵ֻǼգ۵ʱ䣬Ԫ칬ƲɵƣһʯһͶ˻֮У
Сħпһ£ڻ࣬ڻеͬʱҪ׷ɱǾһˣΪϤȻ֮еͷ籩κ˶Զ޲ģУһǡƣܹ˳Ӧ֮еĵܿЩķ籩
ǣ
Ԫ칬һ̿͵֮Уö񵱳ѣɷɻҡ
Ȼ칬ղܵ˷籩Ϯ˴
Ԫ칬û취ܿͷ籩ֻܳȥڽ磬һнҡ
ɷ˵ֱ˻Ԫ칬һ̣Сħɺ͵칬֮⡣
һƬܳڰռ䣬Ƿ籩УǿµʱմңɱķܶΣոͿ֪Ҳ̽鲻ʬ嶼һ
ڤյصͬʱΪ˱֤ԼҲֻԪ칬ԼҲԵΣ֮С
СħĿһۣһ˫۾з·кܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҳ֪ڸ˵ʱҧҧһţֱû硣
Сħ֪Լͻ֮ǰܰʲôҲַõ
Ҳ൱Сħɽϡһ棬Ҳһ
Ϣ֮ڻ֮⣬ڤһĳ֣ĿһƬڻµĿգɫ粻
Сӣҽȥڤ֪һյأȻȴò룡
ѵʲộյ
ڤȻԭĽ;Ƭ򣬸ʺ
һڤӽԪ߶£һ̣ͬһû˻֮С
֮ǰڤⲼ󷨣׷ӡǣ̤󷨣˿ӡȻҲڡ
ڤ׷ɱ֮һ֮УҪ׷Ҳѡ
ڤ󣬵һҲˣûʱֵܾ֩ɫ䡣
ͣͣǲˣǰǾأ֮
ֵܼ֩ͣ
ţüͷһ壬ֵ֩ܶˣĿ
ʱ˶ɫףԲԸٶһ
ǰǴ֮أЩû򵼸̤½ǿ߽ȥΣգûٳ
ֵ֩ҲûйڻϣˣлģҲδػʲôϢֵ֩ܰ⴦յϳǵΧĻֱ֪ﲻ룬Ȼ֮֡
֮أ䣿ᪿŻָڱžž졣


1509 
СӿǽУ
ĿҲͣ˽Ų
ӵ£ֵ֩˵ʡߣԪ˵
΢΢ڵǸӣпܰһھƴɱҲ֪ʲộҿԿ϶˽⣬õƣףҵ⴦ɱ֮أҲżȻ
ȻζɱʱҲûɥʧ侲
ܴͷ˵öԣֻҪСһ㣬Ҳ£ǰ棬֮ǰϵĻɱҲõˡ
ԥһ£ܴ˵ţСˣӲúܣҺȼ֮ǰϵ˻ɱֻҪϵһжˡ
ᪿ˻ûгǿȥֵ֩ܵĻп֮ҲóȻȥʵͲټյأĸ̫ˡ
ɸȻɱ˼׷
´ֵ֮֩д󼱣׷ӣǱȥ
٣ȥھԼѡɡ䣬ĸ߶𣬲ôõġ
ֵ֩৵һ±ˣǿ˿ȫԪתֿܴ˿ɱķĻӿһŨŨľ֮Уȷʵ˵ܴʵ˲ɱǣھҪѡ
ܴͲֵ֩ԥĻᣬһץһɿµֵ֩ܣһӣһ˻
һΧ䣬ԭȥĿռ϶ڽУȻһƬԪ֮УȻûгʲô䣬ǴԸܵŨüʵʵԪ֮УҲܲԪƣ·ʱҪԪ
֮ϣһɵĲԹϢ·ʲôء
֮УʱմңͬһڣܴкȴȫͬĿռ䡣
ΧϢܴ۾һĸо֮Уرڣ
һۣѾʧǴһܱʱ֮УȻʱϾոսʱǿңѲܴ
ԼƲ⴫˳ȥ᪣

۾һбıǺųýյأ˾Եȴˣ
߷գҲζŸ߻ر
Լȭͷ˫Ŀ֮¶˷ܺͼ֮ɫɱٵõ֮еıԼĴԵ
˻Եǰܲ
Ȼ鼤ûɥʧ侲²ԻЩ˽⣬ҲҰԼ֮УûκΰվͽȥĻΪﲻܴһܳΪۣʱ򣬼ȵòüƺҲǲܡ
뵽ѹжԻԵĿ˫Ŀ⣬طҴԵҪúлл㣬㲻ҪĵʨӲȫΪҲǿȫɱ㣡
ټϼĻɱô֣׷ɱһڵνڱصã

ʱڻ֮УѾ˻ܵһɿµѹѹ壬Ҳ꣬Ϊߣ趼ѡ
ת顷Կѹʱࡣ
顷Ϊ·˵ĴУĳ˵·ѧϰˡ顷ܸٺ;һȻ˵ǵƿ·򣬵֪ôȥ˳Ӧ
ڡ顷֧֮£ԽԽɣѾϰѹָж
ƬɱֻҪСһЩܻ硣
һռѷ죬һȫİĴ֮С
ǡ
Ŀһ˿̣ǰһ޴ĺʯ̳̳ΧһŵܣЩ̵ܵĶǲͬߣֳͳһʽףȫɢһħ
ħ
ħ·˵ĴУ๦ħΪ
һµܵĿһһ˸
һ˸ƺʲô
̳ĸо̳֮ǿָоĳλǿѹʲôµĶ
̳·
лͷ̽һ̳ĲãоĹڣʵǲ࣬·˲µģӦҲֲãֲõģҲӵпµ
Сǰ֮ϲ·Щ·һ··һ̤·ͻԵĺ
̤ϼ̳ڼ̳ĵϴŵƣЩƣȷʵ롶顷ͬһһ·ȥֱϵ֣дǡ·˵ӣ𡣡

һ£Щֵԭ·˵ĵӡ
ǰ桰Ӧǳƺţ֣µӵ˼Ҳǵ·еһְνڳ֮ࡣ
һڲ֪ǰš
뵽ͻȻһϸ̳ϵĵƣЩƳ˱Ҫķ֮⣬ǰЧ
궼̫ǿ󣬱һܱջ֮Уϵͻþòɢǧ꣬Щͻݻɹа飬ߵʬ嶼ᷢʬ䡣
Ĺп°ƣͲᷢ
ôĻ̳ʵһĹ
Ȼûв´·˵ķĹ
ܣߴأÿһأ·˵һӡ
Щ·˵Ԫ֮ʱѡԼĹڣΧǹ֮ƣΧС
ҲΪ˱Ƕʦľ⣬ҲΪػĳ
룬룬ԭˣұΪ⡮롯˼ǣУܱᣬʵһ⣬롯ıǣĹǣ·˵ĵǡ
֪·˵ĵǴﵽľ磬˵̫ˣʮΪࡣ
˵ǶģǾ
ţͻȻһѾųȥĸ֪еڿ
׷ɱҵˣڵˡٶȵҲֻǲ֪˭촽Ŀ֮Уսƣ
һսȺܾˣ
о꣬һֱڱչأδһսڳȣǿĶ֣оԼѪڣƺһѹ̫õҪ


1510 
䣡
޾ĺɫ֮дµı죬Ļвҽһ̣ռѷ챻򿪣ȫˣǱ֮ߴӿռѷм˳ܴһˡ
ԭ߸ˣֻʣˣˡ
ֻܴһ벽ߣһߣʣµˣֵ֩ܡ
ɱķĻ֮Уֵ֩ܵľֱҲܷӲСáҲһ·ڡ
ʲôط
ܴǰĺΰŵǸղŻڻҵĿռ籩֮Уתۼһֻ˵ʱʵ̫ˡ
ϵĺʯ̳кʯ̳Χһ˺ʯܣ̳֮ϲ˷ӵĵƣһɱķĸоƺзӡޱǿ
б
ܴ۾һϢΪԪ̫Ũ۳ģر
ܴʶ·һĵƣȻҲῴһĹǽƾľ飬Ͷ϶̳֮ر
жϵҲȷʵûʬûĹڣ֮´ƷЩƷԽǿ˵Ȼױȵ
ϣô죿׷ı
ܴߣһ벽ǿ߲ȷ˵һ·˲վھ㿴бҲκζôȡġ
ܴ΢΢Ҫ׷Ҳܷ˵·йأҲЩ·µģ
·Ǻε˵ܴһͨǿߣ·˵ıҲ۲ѡ
߶ԣлԵǰȴȥȡǸͲˡ
ܴĻֵ֩ܶɫ䣬Ƕ˿Ƭʯ̳յеյأ㶼ǾȻڱ
ǡǡֵ֩еϴһڿˮ֪ʲôطħϢʯ̳һ˿һɱ֮أһĴȫ˶Ҫ
֩ϴ˵䣬ɫ԰ף촽ڳʲôҲûֵܵķݣġ
ǷŹֵܶ˰ɣ
֩϶Խֵܶ˻߳ȥϣҲԽã
ǆ£ܴĿһٷϻһΣϷȻɱǣ
ܴгɱʱܴߣǰ벽ߴϣǿ̽·ʯ̤ϼ̳ʲôΣա
ǰ벽һ㣬ܴһܲڻʱǵȻɱһ𣬵ӵǵ׷ӡǣԻɱʵƬɱ֮أҲӦҵǵģʱˣڻ̽·١
˵öԣȻɱһıҪǵõˡ
ܴߵļ߶Щ˷ܣ·ıأȻԲ⣬Ҳܸźڳʲô˵Ҳ˸ſһۡ
ܴһˣʼԭشϢڴ֮еһĻ΢΢üЩ˵ûɵֱڱĳ̶ȣƺڵˡ
ע⵽֮˵᪣ڤҲڣ뵽ľܴڵȸ˻غϡ
ӡڤӵ׷ӡǣ֮УڤҲӦȻǻһ
ǲ󷨣ҾͰһѣ
Цһö֮ĴӴӰ˳
̤ӰϢҲ󷨸ʱܴһ˲ˡ
ܴȻ˫ۣ
˭վĿ۽ϣʱ֮йޱȻ谵ܴĿͬҹеһ㣬ֱӴ̴˲ڰͶϡ
㣡
ܴ˼鿴
Ȼö֮ߵǰֱ֪
ܴԣ˶˱ġ
Сһ벽ʥЦ˵ֻ̫黫һֻһץסɱֱ׾١
ɱ㣡ʥ˲УȻȴܴ嶯壡
ɵӣ֪ԼǶȴҳǰȻ̣õĽ;塣
ЦǾô㵨ӣ׷ɱôվΪҸߣȻûһҶֵģͷڹ˵þѽ
ܴߣʱɫѿ֮
ǽǰ벽ȻһС
˵ǸͷӣʲôţҸճǵʱˣһȺΧм䣬һͷĿԵޣֻ۱ţ˫СһһӣлƵдʣ˵ʱڸѽϷôݵСĻҾûݵĲģ
˵һĻӳȥʱڳſһˣʱܴʩչ֮Ѱټ̥Ǿˣܴûз
ڱһ˵ܴʱǳɫ֮ǰͿºڣĵ֮£ֻҪʮ룬ҲãǲҲãᱻֱӾڣȻƤӵ߹ȥȻ֪
ܴߣ˶ղŵȷʵܴʱĶҲ˵ʱȷʵӳ˳ȥܴһǿߣʩչطҲһǰȥǿߣȥֱ˶Ѽˣ
Сһ㣡ܴĿ¶׹⣬ǰһҪ֡
Ц㵹Ҿվô˵ôôվڣպҳһ죬ɱʥ壬ʥȫ壬ŮȫȥΪū
̫ˣյ·ܴͷûôһΪü󾳽СָűȻ޿κΣ
˵Ǽڹ꣬ٸʮϢʱ䣬ٲ֣ҿҪѽûгҪôǸϽϴɾҪô͸ϽѼң˵ǵôСطʲô֣ɴ൱ͱˣ
ڿʼˣʮš
ԽԽţֱҳ竰๫ӣĿˣǺ衣
ձִྶͥ·öܴǰ벽
С̫ˣҳ֣ܴߣǰ벽ǿѾץˣУ౾Ǳ΢øʥ嵱ū壬ڣȴһᱻԼɱָ࣬ű裬ǿ̣벻̣
Цˡߡ˵˵˵ȥڷڣ㻹ң࣡ҲһžͲˡ


1511 ɱ
ܴɫѾÿšˮˣɱǰδеǿңȫкϣ
ΪԹţ룬һ롭Ѿһѽ
ˣ˵ͻȻֵ֩ƺҪЦħڹ꣬ʲôܣûˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ֵܸ֩оĲһЩ˱Ҫ֣ǱȻȥᣬܣȴ˵Ƕʱס˲ӡ
ʱǻ˼СʱܴһըĻҩͰʲôܴϲĶ߳ŭɱҲпܣ
ܴƺûֵ֩ܣȻ۾ɱ
ôţӶɵˣû˼һ㣡ʮ˻֣˵Ҳźˣһ˹ڣ
˵ţö֮תҡڵľҪ뿪
һ£ܴԵʥ۾ˣڹŪ飡
˺
ʵܴҲɹܸµһճǼƣΪСĿˣ´ȥǲΪʥЦҲᱻƲã
ֱӳȥ׷Ҳû
뵽ܴͻȻһһץֵ֩ܣ
ֵܴ֩Ķ֣ǾһֱӱһɫԪץסˣ


ֵ֩ɫɷ׵Ĵ󺰣ȻܴᣬץȫⱩȫ
һֵ̣֩ܵ嶼޴˺ˣµٶÿһ㱬
ܴߣһȫԽѴأȭɽӣֵܱ֩ɳһӳһСһǶᱻҴߣҲᱻһ
׼ֵ֩ͬʱҲҪֵ֩̽һɫ̳ʲôǲĿճǼơ

ֵ֩ʯһ㼲ɣǵĲҽж͵Ԫ˺ıˣһĻԭŵЦݶʱʧȡ֮ɭɱ⣬Ц㻹ǶˣȻΪԼֻڻ̽ɱȴôΪ
Ԫٵ˵Ļû˵꣬ǰĺʯ̳ȻǧٵĺɫâӼ̳֮ͬһգ
ֵ֩ܣͱǧٵ񽣻У˲ķѣг⣡

ͬʱһ˲䣬һִĺɫֵ֩ܣЩⶼһճ˷ɻң
ǵʬڼ̳֮ʲôû£ķĹ£
ʲô
ֵܴܱͫ֩ǧٺɫɷɻҵһĻֻ㤣֮УȻԾǣڸղźɫâҷɵһ˲䣬վڼ̳֮ϣǧٵɫâ֮䣬ûһ£ȻЩâ·ǳ۾һ㣬ܿ½Ƕûմ
ܿĴ󣡣뵽ܴʧɫģǾΣˣ
ԣܿƴֱӾͿƴҳּɣαüܿƴ󣬵ܿ󷨣һʼվĵطǴ֮еأܵĹ
ܴ˲뵽һ㣬Ժһ㣬ҲѾڲ֮أǸɱˣ
ǳ
ܴʮֹۿѾɱ뵽ıȳ룬ɱغϣٴӳ顣
ԻɱʵڤӣлɱϾҲֻǺųý䣬ʵ㹻ǿ
ȻʱֻЦһڲߣˣ֮ĹǴ˰ǰĳ߾һ֮ĵã
Ŀɭһ̣ڼ̳Χһ˵ȫǷ׷˫ۣ۾֮кâ˸ǾȻˣ
龰ܴëЩɢſµħϢԴʵ
Ըû⣬ͬʱһ˸Ȼᱻҵ
ܴ˲ȥӣתҪһ˷ӣȻת˲䣬ȫһĻˣڡǸխĿռѷ쾹Ȼڴ˿ʧˣ
ڣˣ

ܴȻһʼͲµһɱ֮أҲû뵽յ̶ֳȣԭΪ⴦֮ΣյĵطֻǼ̳壬ֵ֩ڻȥֵ̽֩ܲôǾͳˣȻôҲûԤϵֻһ̽ʹɱ
ƣ
ܴȻһȭǱպϵĿռϱ֮ϣҪߣȻռϱ˿ǣû·ˣ


1512 ɱ
֣ƴһ
صɲǣܴ˫ĿѪ죬Ҫһ֣
ʱѾ˹ȫǡı죬һʯƤϰĵһأ
Щһ˫Ŀʺ죬ȫɿݣЩɿݵϣϡɼƤ
һĻһЩʲôܣҲǿܣˣʯʯƤܷγĵܣ
˲ܱʮ꣬ʬطӳ֣ȴпƳɿɱϰ
ЩˣǰǰɱҲܸɴѳƷⲢҪҪǣЩǰ¶ǽˮ׼Ĵڣ
һ˽
ʮǰʱ·ִµʱ±ڶʢʮһ˽ȻѾˣ־˼ʮʱȴҲܴܹԸ˵ģ
¡
ܴʥȫһصĺڿռϱ֮ϣ˵ĺϻȴֻǿռϱᶶһ£һ˿۶ûг֣
ˣܴӿһŨŨľУȻڽ֮ǰ֪һɱ֮أû뵽գ
ֵ̰֩ܣҲֻǡ䡱յءֵܴ֩Ϊ˲ǵп֮𵽿ŵЧܴ֮ǰû̫ɵ
ȴֵ֪ܸ֩ûܿɱǵղ԰࣬ﲻǽյأǼ˾ɱҲǾһĴ֮أ
СֶΣƺϷϷᣡҪһ
ܴһһҪһͬھ
Ȼǳһ˲䣬ΪǸʥֱӱһһϣȻѾٶ÷򣬵ƾʬطǰǿǹ룬ˮ֣
꣡
һ죬ʥߵĻԪ˲䱬飬ҺһԲ˼ĽǶŤתҪƾǿӲâطŤ档
Ȼʵֲ̫ˣʥߵһŬǰ׷ѣֻһƿʥ߻Ԫͬʱֽ׵նϣƤȫƿ
һն
һ̣ʥֻоһƬתϰ˼̳һ˲䣬̳֮ٺâֱӽİճ˷ɻң
˲ľͷƤ飡
ܴһ벽ǿߣΪʥߵĲԼٶȲص㣬һȦϼ̳
ʱ׼ںڹⱬ˲䣬ӲŤת壬˺
ۣ
ɫâǰ벽ǿߵֱۺʹȣϾΪǳһЩȲܴȫദȻܿҪʯ̳֮ôصˣҲˣ
ֻܴͻҳ壬ܿâͬһýԱһ
꣡
ڹ⽻ܴ֯ƣһ̤ϴ֮еһأ
⴦رʱٵڹϯܴܷôŤ壬һ

ܴһȫԪ£ӲĿڹ⣡
Ȼڹʵֲ̫ܴĻԪ֮Ͼͬҵ˲ֻꡱһ죬ܴĻԪˣ
ĺڹ⣬ɶܴļȣ
Ĺ֮еĴ֪˶꣬ʵĽʥߣҲᱻһ
ۿܴɶ˷ܵľ⣡
ȫ£а֮Ӱֳ֮ϣһڲɫ

һֱХ죬̤һ˴֮еһ֮أ·ѪǹŶݼ׿£
ǲܴһҪӲ
Сȥ
ʱܴȫѪȻڵ״̬Ϊ⣬ǽƴһ֮£ӳǷǳµģ
һȭעԼеȫ
ܴһȭ˫ֳǹһǹ£ħ֣
һɲǣѪǹйע˿µħħȼյ𣬻ûͷۣ˫ӰӰֱֻ֣Ųͬ󣬻һֻֻ̣֮֮ɱϷֻ֮֮·˴С顷еؼ֮һħ֣
չؾ꣬ͻ֮ȫ̺һӴйʹ죬ǣѡӲһǿߣҲһԽ
䣡
Ѫǹܴȭͷ޻ڵײһ𣡲ִ֮䣬ܴûȻԾͨʥ˵ǵõ
µıƬգֻܴоһɿֲľֱ֮ϣֱ飬ȭͷʹһĨѪȭͷ쮳
ʲô
ܴʧɫΪԼƴһɱȻȴʼδȻһԼһǿߣȻһʮС浲˹
ֱ췽ҹ̷
ȻֻĲִһȻûóԼҲţһΪ󾳽Сֿµս
㣡
ܴͫСϣеĿ־壬żʮʱ䣬Ȼɳֵزٸ꣬ûﵽʲôɾͣ
ʱҲѪӿԪңϾǽǿ֮ĩĽ֮£Ҳʽ֮Уȭѹǹâ
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ը糱ˮһϮŰƶ֮£岻ܿƣ˳ȥ
ȻѾ·ʯ̳ϵĵѾӡÿһ˺ʯ̳֮֮ϣܹ˺ɫ⣡
ܴûⱾˣ˵ͬʱһơ
ݣݣ
ִޱȵĺâӱܴܴһܷ򣬴ʱܴѾδѾܶĹˡ
âХܴдһŨŨĲʺԹ

һµı죬ܴԪ飬ڹ˺ѣһͷ­߸ߵķУֻԼԽԽԶֿ˵ͬʱЩâȴͬ۾һ߷׷״½Ƕδմ
ô
ܴͫ׽ʧȥ˽࣬޷Լһǿߣ׷ɱһʮСȴ³
Լڴˣƴһ£ȴδκ
ڹХܴ֧׻ɷɻң
һǿߣôڰĹлҷҲŪĵһǿߣȻֱܴӶ֣Ҳһɵġ


1513 ɱ
һУ
ʱѪӿûдӸղŵĿײлظ
ɱĵһһΪò˶ãҪһ
һΪпս
ܡϡ
ڲܴǰԶǰǸΪദˤ˵ϣҹӲдһİ벽ĿһĻֻ۾Ѿȫˡ
ܴȫһһֻ̣о·һ㣬͵ײ֮£ܴͬʱ˳ȥܿһɱ˵ĺɫ⣬ܴȴǣ
ħ
ʥߵһͷܴǺһϢʱ֮ڣһ˸ϼ̳ҵն⽴
ˣܴСȫ
ȴûиһ㣬һ˸

ɱһʥ֮˱
һĺˣһ˸ȴƣ
ΣһʼԤϣÿһ̤ںʯ̳֮ϣܿǿµĺڹ⣬һһ᲻Լȴ˵
Ϊ˽Σսͣһʼûгִĳߣŭܴ
ֻ뼤ľɱĻͷʲôֱԼ־Ϳˡ
һĿסıǺˮ
ħ֣
˫ƽǰֳһʺ̣֮ϣƿڶĶħӰЩƿ̣ĹڣͭŹױƿƣɱ¾Ѫȣ
νħ֣һħֻأЩħֻֻ֮֮࣬񣬷췣ȫƿһֵͼ֮ϣħһ׹һʽ
ȻʱóħȻΪ˹߷֪Լǰһ˸Ķ֣ǶԪ칬֮УɱĳԪ칬Ҳľʱ·һ
Ψһ·õĹڣϿɣ
ħֻתɺħֵһ˲䣬һ˸ȻһеıҲ˸ź⣬еĿ⣬еħϣһ˸ǰħǶħǰľη
סһָоһһͷͻһ㣬һʬ޴³
ĽֳʮϢʱ䣬Щʱԣ·ޱʱ򣬺ʯ̳һڹ⣬ÿһڹⶼһеһ»˺ʯܡ
ֻһĹһ˸ȫ˵ܣ˺ʯ̳ΧԭյĿռѷ죬Ҳ´ˡ
ֻһ˸λ֮ǰѾ˸ı䣬еĺҲûɢȥζɱɴڿ״̬
ʱȫˣ
һȫǺˮԴֿɼѹһĴ
Ų֮ƣ߳˺ʯ̳Ժ׷ٻ˵ϵѪֽеսۼɾֽܴͱһ㣬Ϣ˻˴Ӱ֮УǱ
ͬһͷںڰеǣȴ
Ԫ칬ٻ˳칬֮У̺ʱշ򣬿ɴСʱĻԪ칬ֻӴСԪ칬ͬλںʯ̳֮ϣӰһûС
һԪ칬ȫи̷һöҩʼϢ֪ղŵһսֻǿθƣҪԽսڤӣǸʮּɵڤӣ뽫Լ״̬
һʱ֮󣬴е˫ۣСħԼԶ֮ǰСħɽ磬ҲڻԪ칬֮С
ʱСħɱαֱĳĴһʯ̨ϣѩ׽ȥഺĻ
㻹ССħһЦһʱ䴺⵴
˵ǵʱվںʯ̳ϣϵĳ޵ʵڸƽʱ̫ˡ
ơЦһ
ݵòСħɴʯô
ȣ
Ҳûиõİ취Ĺһ֮زҲÿطǳա
ǰĺʯ̳пܾǰ֮ʬİĻʯ̳Ĺ֮ҪҲյĵطãǣҲȫ
ľɱ֮󣬿ʶҵħ֣һҲڤܶԸˣռһֻһܵġ
˵΢΢ü
㵣ʲô
ҵڤӻʲôƣֻʲôǶ˴гʱ򣬾̤ڤӲµ׷֮Уϱ׷ӡǣĹΧգ˵ڤӵʵӦѾ׷ˣĻһǵľͲܵͷڤӲǣ
ڤ֮⣬Ǹ᪣ûиһôֻֿܣҪôûȣҪôߣһǿػ˿ڤӣҲˣ
ʥһҪĽɫ˵Ӧܵܵı
ڤǴʵܴǿȻϾʥ壬νı죬ʥĸ߰Ͳ¼֮ģ᪶벻ѰڤӵıӻǻܴûôˣܵȵЩ꣬ҵ˸ǿİ֡
ţʱںʯ̳ռľһαһΣľֱӱƵˣһݣˣȻ֮ǰܴǿ


1514 ɱ
ʱڰĹڣ֮⣬ĸʥںɫ޾ǿ֮Уĸ˵УȻе᪣
ˣһ᪵ͬɣˣɫȫɢſµϢضΣա
ˣһΪףĻɱ
ɱҲʥ컯ʥµһжæǻϵǷµ顣
ɱȻ֪εľ󷨣Ҳ׷֣
Ե̾ղŻȻ֪Ѿ̤һ֮У»ɱѣҲûҵڣֱɱƳŵԷ
⾯󷨣òСӲµİɣ
°ͣǰĳһռ䣬¾󷨣ǰи׼þ͵Ϯܣ֮С
ֻ̫᪲ţﵽ̶ֳȣµľԼȫ޷ҲͰˣڱɱˣȴǷֲˣ̫ˡ
ԼĳЩԲԲϻ̶ֳȡ
ɱ΢΢õͳӦò⾳˴ɱ֮صͬһΪƣһС֮֡
󷨵ʱȷʵרƣҲǵ᪣֮ǰܴûܲ󷨵ԭ
ԭˣƬɱ֮ԭ󷨵ĻҷֲˣҲ
Ȼо˵ǺЦǻɱһ·ϵգûʲôκλɱԻɱԣνľɱ֮أҲһϷˣҲաֶϣ
᪴ЦţߵҲǸŸͣ˵öԣȻգҲֶʲôˣԻɱʵɣ
Զ˵Ĺάɱֻ΢΢һЦʵѾﵽ˰벽ټЩ꣬ԹҲЩоľɱ֮أû̫ɵ䲻˵ɣֻҪСһЩͶȻʲôΣղǡ
ʥµʥжңǻɱʥδĻҲǻ飬·ʲôģϷУУҲֻϷЩɵطϷԣ㲻ʲôȣϷ̤֮ҲҪһ۵ģ
ɱȻƽȴһɼȵţȷʵȥˡ
ɱ˵ǣҿȵĴ̫Ŀ֮ǸСӣƽȣƽҾҲˣ
᪺һ˵ܰȫȣ˰һˣмΪʶľҪ
ɱЦһ˵ȷʵգ˵ƽȴǲţ
ţһ£ڤûѰɣ
Ҳδأ
ɱһ˿м֮ɫΪ飬ۼΪʵ˵һڵСӣܹ𶼻ȴ󣬳Ϊһˣ˭᲻ţοɱǰͶкܶоȷʵ
һСô飬ɱҲỳ٣οǵ;˵
ҪôڤԲʵҪôʵûнȣֻ۷ѣ
ɱ϶˵һҲüпܣʱڤ֮⣬˭ҲûĿȣгҲûۿ˵˲Ÿ˭֪ǲһȦ
Թ壬ɱ˵Ķԣ֮ǰ̫űˣҪǱʶΪд˼ƺʲô˼鷢ϣΪ棬Ծôˡ
΢΢ü˵ھԼ֮ǰֱڤӻǷǣڤƭɱ˵Ϊƽ궼δ߳ȣ˵š
᪸оԼ֮ǰûˣʲô漣ʶΪģ뷨ڻûսʹĵˣһһ뷨ͲٳԽˡ
𶼻ᱻУ˵һСˣǼֱ֮ɱڤӵ˵֮Աǣӣ㽫ʥĳɾͣҲþͱ컯ʥӲĪҪһСŪš
ɱ᪣˵
᪹ɱ˵ǣһѪҴ½һսԼĵۿʯδܣȷʵЩܻʵѪҴ½һսۿʯҲʵƴ˵ʲôʰģɱҵ֮Բ
ţʶһ㣬ܿɹǼǰɣǸСӦǲԶˡ
ʱ׷ܴټһ㣬ǵģΪ֮Уؿռʱշ籩׷ӡʱʱʧȥϵ̫ˡ
ĸˣ˿ռѷ죬һ֮С
ⷽӵĺʯ̳Ŀһ˲˵ע⡣
ܲƵĺʯ̳һ˵ܣԼڴ֮еĿħϢ
ţǡ
۾һ˲е˴˵طͬѰ
˼˼ɱź룬Цղø֪̽һʯ̳֮£ܿб
ҲϷûпĻһأأϷҲ룬û뵽ɱ֮رһԵ׷ɱСˣ
أ˻ɱĻ鼤ɱͬУɱǷ컯ʥ飬ضҪָһ֣
Ҵ·йأôؿҲ·µģ·˵ıأ̶ȿ֪
鼤Ҳûɥʧ侲
ɱ˵ħϢ̫Ũһ˵ܣҲɱһյأȻбأҲôף
ȻɱȻ˵ţأػػô׾ֵܵģңҲҪֽţҲֻǷֽŰˣջܰȡϾЩѾڼʮ꣬ϰˣ˵󷨵ʮڣֻһˣ
ɱäĿţκ󷨾ʱ䣬ᱻа벽Ϊټ϶Թ⣬ƿ󷨡
һоĵơ
ɱ˵ţС̤ǰһһܿ˾ɱƣȻƾһЩ飬żһҲ֮С
ȻɱûвȵأΪ֮ǰܴ֣Ĺ֮еľɱԭʹڿ״̬ɱһȴһһ궯еĺâԽԽң


1515 ʥ
һ˸˸ĺâ˻ɱļɵ
ϣɢһɿµħϢ
Щܡᪿһ˵ܣ΢΢üЩϣͬܵһΣյϢϢ
ɱ̲סѵ
ްɱ˰֡
ҵƿ֮С
ɱ˺һתһȫԪתС
ɱӣ᪲԰ģľɱ֮أȷʵ̫ˣҪǿߵı
һ˵ܣصأûͬѰˡɱƽ˫֣黭ͼ
Ԥȴǣȵ򱦵ʱ鷳
ɱ˵ţ˫ǧƣʮ죬ɱ֮ӡ
ɱȫһ𣬴ҺɫĻ֮⣬Щ֮⣬󷨵Ļ춴֮ȻھϾԶˣ󷨣Ĺɱӡֻ֮ǲȱˡ
ɱΪ벽ǿΪֲ˾Ĳ࣬ǧʱ˲ΧգҪһ˸ܣ׷ӡ
ڻɱӡһ˲䣬һҵеĺâԽԽʢȫĺɫʯƤȫ˹
һһһʱħķ籩
¡
ضĿռѷ˲պϣʯ̳ڵĿռٴη
ɱ
ۿſռѷʧʧе
Ҫġҵƿ֮С
ɱҧ˵ʱɫҲ̫ÿˣһǿ̶ȣ
ȻɵܣЩǰǽ
ɱڣһۿһıʡ
һ˽ɵĴսɱɣȴֻǽʬɵĿܣȴһս֮
ɱȻߣҲȷʵЩ汾£벽Ϊʵܴǿ̫ˣ
ݣ
ɱĻ֮˻ҺɫһΧЩƿƣЩ۹˵Ǵޱȣ˶ټϻɱ벽Ϊ֧֣ЧȴʮǿͿ˩סһǳ
ʱһ׸գǻӶŸԵɱķӡն
꣡
һ˼նڻҺɫ֮ϣ
һιûɱɫҰף
ҺǻޣǵĹɢ˲֮ͬϣǼһղŵĺһͽնˣ
Ͼһ֮һ˿˴ɱǵеļǾͻɺܶ࣡
ɱٵĴ󺰵ͬʱһ˦֣У˦οܣһͷҰţСǣ
ɱҲƿܣͷǣǻɱԼޣ
߿ܣǣټϵ᪵ˣһʱ䣬ɱһ;ۼ߸սλ
ɱһԷӡӲһһӡѣЩǺ룡
ۿŻɱַ֧ӡѾ˼ޣ᪵˲ҳɣ
ǸУ˼򵥵սһ֮໥ϣǱһɺ

һȣɱŰҪǴȥĹ֮еȻǿ󣬵ǱϾʱʮ꣬ǵѾʼ˥ܣֻҪһιУɱеļ⡣
Ǽֵһ˲䣬Ȼеһɺֱ飬һ˵ɱˣ
͵Ϯ
Ժ˲ͷþɱѾγΣʱӦΣյ䣬ûо˼ȻǰԾ
ڷĹУĿһɨ͵Ϯߣд󾪣
㣡
ŭĿֳַѪǹһ֣ı󣬸ֳһ޴Ӱ
Ѫǹ֮ϣ׻֮עХ潻֯ɳ϶ɫĺ
꣡
һǹڵ֮᪼ըɵʱս󣬶ʱ鿪۵Ҳһǹµйɱų߿ֱӱɿµУֱӱ飡
ɱĿܱ˲ǿֶսʱ߿ܵۼˣûػܱڱһɱ
ɱ֮ǹƲֹٶȳ
ѡĹ󣬺Ȼǵ᪣
Щ˵У㲻ǿߣȴһ˵൱ҪΪλ⣬ֻҪɱ᪣ͻЩ˵̬ɱ᪣Ҳʥʧأ
ʱɱȫɱϾԶֱ
屩˳ȥֳַսꪣನ
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᪵ĻԪ˲䱬飬ͬϵıףҵðȥ߹ϣѪ飬һһ㵹ɳȥ
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ǡۿʯϿɵԭǱô׷һ̣Զûеأʧȥ


1516 ŭĻɱ
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Ѫǹһ̣һʣǴܣ׵;һǹʶϣֻʣһƤͷ­

ۿһǹɱԼԼޣɱ۾ˣǲǿȻ̫ޣ̫޵ĳɳձ໺̫磬ڻɱѾ벽ȴֻ൱ʥкڵľ磬ѾﲻϻɱʲôæˣǻɱһֱԼʮԼޣżĸ飬ȴһǹնɱܲޣ
СӣҪ裬ʬΣ
ɱŭţоԼһͷǣס˵ʨӣڱһֻϷŪ
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ͬʱɱȫȼ˻ɫĻ棬ױʺѪ
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ɱƣǲϧȼ˰ɾѪطҪɱ


1517 ˲
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ĴշתŲյ֮УϾ˽ɱֻһЩ֮ľʹΣյֱ
ЩѾʮˣһ˾ɱ֮أҿô㣡
Żɱ˫ĿĿĹâ


1518 ʥԪ
ڼս֮еĻɱĽŲ̤һɱ֮أ
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ɱŲµһ˲䣬һ޷ݵɱ˻ɱͷһ
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Ƥ⣬Ѫֱ

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ڻɱͷ­ʱһֱںʯ̳Ӱ֮еͬһͷԱһֱ
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ֻ˵ɱ̫Ҳ̫ɵʤȯգҲ˫رգٸһ˿һĻᣡ
뿪˴󷨵ıӻʲôǣһֻ־㣡ҳȫ㣡
ɱ۾бŷ׹⣬ŭһһȭǰһȻŤת壬ֱ
ʱĻɱѾһУϧۣҲҪɱ
Իɱ벽ΪȼվѪɱֻҪһ˲䣡
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ɣ
ɱһȭһɲǣΧնһȭ޿ɱܣµȭ⣬ͬɽХһ㱬Ī˵һǿ߱УҲ˲ǣ
ӰȻһͣ޷ͻƬȭĿռ䡣
ˣ
ѪɱĴЦһȭʵʵĺؿڡ


1519 ˼
꣡
һ죬ĻԪ飬ʵʵİ˻ɱһȭһ˲䣬عݣѪ嵹ɳȥ
ȻһȭȡЧɱϲΪһȭͿԽķѣǾȻֻѪ
ȭͷʱ򣬻ɱоǴһھþͭϣԼȭͷۣ
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ȻĹ̫ͻȻֶ̫һ־״̬ȫѪȼˣһʥԪײһ𣬷˿µıը
⼤Ԫನ絶Ѿǿ֮ĩʥԪ˲䱻ñ鿪
ȻҲ͵ıըϯߵķһ㵹ɳȥ
ڵɵĹУתռ䷨򣬱ܿһɱơ
ɶ
һСħ׼ͽõķ߶Ԫ칬֮еĴֱӽС
¡
صˤ˻Ԫ칬ۿҪײڼӲǽϣʱһӰһ̣оײһԵϣһɵҲ˱Ǽ䡣
һ̣Сħɽסˣನش壬һഺ˵Ůһ̣о֮࣬ǰһ񾭣Ҳɳ
ˣ
һ벽Ƥӵ£͵ϮʥԪ񣬶ɹˣ
һðգʵԶǻɱĶ֣һɱץסǾ˲³
䣡
ɱѪӴ壬صˤڵ֮ϣظǰԶʥԪѾ˼أ
״̬ʥԪѾó˯û񵤼ҩ뻽ʱ򣬻ɱҲѾ;ƿݣ֮صϣѾã
ûʥԪϾռϱڣοڣɱѾܿסʣˡ
һۻԪ칬ڵķмŨŨĳޣҲһ˿ɥ֮ɫ
ⳡս֮Уÿһѡأ£ʵʮԼĵˣȻܹ󷨣ȡֲԣ׷ɱˣȫɱ
һǰƺ·ɽһ˻ɱһƣ
Ķ֣һΪʮСɱг˴ܺɥ֮С
һʼȷʵˣǺѾ֮ģȴˣ
ʯ̳֮ǰԼһȭеġѾҡҡλεվĿԼһۣĿƺһ˿֮ɫ˻Ԫ칬ʱ򣬻ɱѾˡ
ڶ벻ͨΪʲô̬ǶǿܣֻǷ
ôôǿķ

Ԫ칬һһ˽
СħɻеһģһϢûа㲻ֻͬеĳǹȴǷѪǹһѪǹƵİɫ
ڸղţӲ˻ɱһȭɱҵعݣѪ౬顣
Ȼˣʢޱȣֻս˲ٰˡ
ڶ֣Сħ̫̾ˣͬʥ벽һȭȻֻˣˡ
Сħɿšؿڣļڻ䶯ţ˿֮У
˿˿ֲĻָа֮СħҲĪ
Ԫʯ̥˵ⱾҲ̫ѷˣ̫
Сħ˵ţЦôܸȣԪʯ̥ԭͲ֮壬Ҳ˵ԣ͸֮࣬⣬Ǳ·˲µĹڣǧ꣡ǿȣҶǿ̫ˣ
ͭֳһռԪʯ̥֮Ԫʯ̥ͱӡݻ١֫ëѪһеһУһģһ
Ҳ̳Ҳƣ˵Ԫʯ̥塣
ֻԪʯ̥רǿȺϵھԪϵûκս
һԪսֹһҲƾŷǿķŸõɽ͵Ϯɱ
ӡûн⿪ɣٽ⿪ӡ֪ﵽʲô̶أ·˵Ľ˼µĴУܲˣ򶼲˼ó
СħŸʵЦ˵
ķӵǣΪеķֻ꣬ԷҲǣڳʱȻȤζȥƷ


1520 ħ
СħɶķȤļ⣬оʵ𽺣ͨħɳɣ
Сħͬϰˡ顷һȻûмԷ֮Ҳúܶࡣ
ͨħħɵ֮Уֱӳɳľ绹ұƣ̫߳һСɣҲҡ顷һܹ֮߳С
ڷľ磬Ҳ޷϶Ͼ·˼ķҲԪʯ̥ΪϣֳѪ꣬ڱκ֮Ĺϵ
ħ֣һħֻأӽ쿪ʼҵУҪһħ꣬ɱһɣ
ѡĵһ꣬ǰ벽
Ϊ̫͵ģʵ̫ģ츳̫εģۣ֮ǰܴҲûܼ̫Ȥ
Ԫ칬֮⣬ɱڸս
߳򶼶ϵˣȹǹۣȫѪģ඼¶棬Ѿ;ƿݣ
״̬Ļɱûͣ
꣡
һֻɱӲȭͷұԴͬʱڤͬĽǶȴɱؿڣ
ɱֻȻһץӲץסĸڤ꣬Ը첲סȻһڤ꣬ȴؿڣ
ԭɱؿھѾ¶Ѫܵ߹ǣڤ߹ǵļ϶д룬ɱķν˴룡
ۣ
ɱһѪƴ˫һͣĸסڤͬһ㱻Ʒɡ
һ֮ƣɱһڵؿڣֱߵױ飬Űݣ
ʱ򣬻ɱоһӰκηӦֻԴȻһ𣬡۵һͷǹǴĶĤ֮УֱĤ飬˫Ѫ
һͨɫش˻ɱĺϣһ̣ɱͫʧȥ˽࣬о綼ģˣԶȥ
˫ϥأѵͷǹðѪڱ˫ۣҲǻɱʱ̣ôû뵽Լ벽Ϊ߳һձһСˡ
ʵһ̡
ĿһۻԪ칬ڵķʶģ
ɱˣһ벽˰֮Ĺľɱ֮¡
һӲıɱɵʮֻʣһһˡ
һ벽Ŀ¾Ϳɼһˡ
ŻɱҲĳȥָֻ˵ܵ״̬һսҲ̫˵ԭָܼʮ꣬ڿֻּܼˣԶǰ
ţҳȥ
ڻԪ칬֮УСħ˵
Сħɾ죬ҲûӲȥ֮ĹлΣأСħڵʵʵ̫
ӻԪ칬֮лƮ˺ʯ̳ϣһۺʯ̳Ͽŵġ𡱼֣һ񣬱ȭ˵ǰʵڱΣֻܽأ֮ԾȲ֪˴ǰĹеǧ֮ڣȻػش˵أΪǰݸǿ󷨣ǰʮ갲ߡ
֪𵽵ΪʲôĹѡδŰߣô˵ԼĲԣΨһܲľպΪ󷨡
ϧ֪ǰʲôԸҶȻɡ
һΣ˵о֮ԸȻԸǷ˵顣
԰֮תɱûֱ߹ȥķǰ̽һȷɱѾò˺ı˹ȥ
һսӮó׵ס
ʱͻȻʲôǷһ˿ζЦݣһ̣ķͻȻ̧ţ׼ɱֺݺݵĲȥ
꣡
һ죬ɱֱ˵棬ָ֮ϣһöʧȥӵֱֽӱ鿪
ֽ䱬Ŀռĵҩס׭׷ɶֻһҽУһǱʥ걻˦˳
ȫعݣȫѪѾ˵úˣȻƾǿŬĻָƣҲûָܻ٣սʣ¼ɡ
ǵ᪣
һսһʼʱ򣬵һͱشʤ׷Ҫȡ᪵ۿ֮ʱɱͻȻ֣᪾תƵԼֽ֮С
ڻɱȻʧȥ˱ӻ
ѪϼˣղֽдϢͻȻָռѣռ籩Űȫʢ״̬᪣ռ籩ͲʲôǴ״̬᪣ԭ͸˻κصĸţȴռ籩ϯܵ˲ķɡ
֪淢ʲô᪽˽ָռͿʼרĴҪԼȬֻԼŻȫͻȻ˦еֲ嶫
С֣
һۿһԾֳַꪣꪼֱָĿ¶ɱȫ䱸
ʱ᪴ĿУһ֮ɫͬλ߿λߵֱӵĸобŭ
ÿˣˣҡҲҪ
ĮͬС
ʲʲôһ˲ø֪̽ΧһĻεѵĳ
ȻתһԶĵطȫѪҺɵĻɱڵϣ֫ȫϣ౬飬ѪģϢȫޡ
һ˫Ѿȥ۾ãȻĶŻԪ칬ڵķгʺ;νĿ
ҡɱ
ڿɱʬһ˲䣬ĶˣţҲ޷ţΪ벽ʵܴǿöĻɱȻ״ҡ
ȴúõվԼǰôܣ
һʱ䣬ȫ׹Ԩ
ܣ
г˾һĶڲȻŪ˻ɱֱ˼ɱ̣һɱˣ³֪
ˣｫĹߣĹҵħ֣ȻΪߣ츳ȴһһ㣬ӵнħֵʸˣ
˵䣬ڿ黭Բָµ켣γһҺɫת֣ת֮УħӰЩħʹ࣬аЦҺɫת֣ӡɱ
Ļٿħ֣ɫ䣬ʱˣҪħУǿħ
Ȼɱǣһ㷴ûУ˵ˣ۷״̬Ҳû˿ʤ㣡
ҪҵĻǣΣ
˫ĿѪ죬֪һǿµĺɫת֮УūʹðʮԸҲԸⱻ֮У


1521 Σ
Ҹͬھ
ᪿţҲһˣ֪Ķ֣ѡƴһ̣ȫ˲䱬ҪԪԱ
֪ԱҲܻɱֻҪشҲ㹻ˣھɱ֮أشҲɱϣ
Լشܱȱħкһ򱶡
һĻ⣬Цһ˵ͬʱʮָһ˲ǧٵҺɫӡ
Щӡһ֣Χʱշ׷Ť߶Щӡˣÿһӡһ΢ͺڶ
󷨡ӡ
ųƷӡһеķ󷨣ӡԪȻڻ£һʱڵԽӡ˱ελ
ݣ
ǧٵӡͬʸһ˵ϣһ̣᪸оԼƺǧٸħˮΣЩˮηѪԪѪ⾫
ħ֣
ƽƣҺɫĶħ̱˳ͬһһеľ޿ڣ

᪲ҽһƴҪȻȫӡӡԪתˡ
ɱҲУҲУһ̣ᵽʲôͿ־塣
ʱֻһɿµħԼ֮ϣӲҪǣ
ǿзľʹ糱ˮһϮָоͬİƤһ㣡ʹ޷ݣ
˺ѷεĲҽһšһ죬걻˺ѣһƻҹûħУˣħӵ˵һħꡣ
һ֣ϵĽӡԪѪ֮Ԫʯ̥ߡ
Ƭ̣ԭ壬Ѫʧ˷̥
һӣУ׻ɱ궼Ϊ˹ū
Ԫʯ̥ϵ֮ѪʢԭɱһȭؿҲʼӿ䶯ӿ˸ԭ
һԪʯ̥˿ڣٹһʱȬˣָֻʵڱ̬
ϧԪʯ̥ɳò죬᪴ѪԪԪʯ̥ࡣ
᪵Ԫ֮編ƣԪʯ̥ɵ˻ɱԪ
ɱľԪǿ˼ʮԪʯ̥֮ϵ䶯ţֻǼϢʱ䣬˿ڱ㳹׸ԭ
ˣ
һػԪ칬ͻȻ䣬һԤУԪʯ̥ݶΣԤУ
ʲô
ȻһݣʱΣգԺη
Ͳ֪ΣʲôҲ룬ȫٳԪ칬ֻҪԪ칬ʱȫˣõӦԲԣ
ʱϵһʬͬթʬһȻ
ʬ壬ȻǸһֱɱӣ
ɱһˣһĸֱǻɱ᪡ɣһ۵ӣӵΪֻʥĵһγֵʱ;籩ˣûע⵽
ɱų߿ܣԼǣҪ۵ӿҪö࣡
ڣͬħһ
ôܣ
סˣթʬ壬ѵǻɱģ
ĵһͷѾϸ룬Ӧԣ
߳ʬ壬ֻʥΪȻôΪܹסԼĸ֪˰ĹڣɱʬǸֲ
Ҳ룬Ԫʯ̥ͬԱһʬ壬ͬʱ˻Ԫ칬
Ԫ칬ֻʮɷΧ֮⣬ٶȣֻ˲Ϣ
ȻʱһЦԺ𡪡
ˣ죬ڣ
мϤһ˲ֽű䣬֫
ڤӣ
¡
һ죬ʵʵײһϣֻоȫĹͷҪײɢˣڸղһ˲䣬ڤӲһ磬ͻԪ칬
ߴߴ磬ڤ׼㣬ֻҪ޷ػԪ칬ôԼ

һ죬ڤһȭʵʵĺԪʯ̥ϣ
ķѪ嵹ɳȥԪʯ̥ǿҲסڤһ棡
Ǵʵ
ĳ˵žڤӣʵñȻɱ٣
һ̣ͻȻֵڤӴˣ
ˡǱһֱȴʱ벶ȸں󣡡
ɲǼףڤӶȻͨĳطױһӣ˵᪵Ķ飬һ㣬᪺ͻɱ֪ǸӣѾڤɱˣ
ݵģֹһڤЦһ
ڵΪ̥Ǿ֮󣬶ܴôڤԴʵݣ벽ĻɱҲΪ棡
ڤӾ֮ŻǱȵͻɱƴܾ˵Ĺؼʱ̣һ
ôʵǼɵֶΣʵ֤ѡǶԵģľڤӣǻɱˡ
ķǲѵеõģĶҲǼƷ鱦ϧϧڻزȥˣû˶㣬ͬʧȥ˲֮󣡡
ڤһƳαװĵһʱ䣬ǹý罫ͻԪ칬ֻֿҪز˻Ԫ칬ʧȥһбӻǰ޷֮
㡭ǺֶΣ
ͣˮ֪ڤӴսթƽݣܷʥصŵӿʼһŵӣĵӣƷܷʥأɱܷʥصϽԼΪߵһˣ˼֮⣬ûһЩֶΣ
죬ˡ
һʼ֣׷ɱУֻڤӵ׷ӡǣǳٳû׷ˣҲڤӣⲻϳ
ԭˣֻһֱѰһᣡΪԼӮңȴڤһػȸ


1522 ֮ض
ڤӻֽеĳɫխ˳ߣߵȸߣ֮ϣƿĶħͼ
Ѿǵһμˣڤӵһֱ͹ĽķѪǹ̲˶١
ڤӵʵŹֵĽӳս
ȻʵҶԲֵһᣬҲ㾡ȫɱ㣬һ˿һᣡڤ˵䣬ȫϣСǰÿһ֮ϡ
ڰ֮ĹмʱڤӼסÿһŵ㣬֪ﰲȫΣա
ֻҪȵ֮ƣ֮ĹеĴ󣬾Ͳᱻ
ۿڤı֮ܿƣɫأеĸ֪ȥзɿļš
죬ҪһΣ
һ·ɳڣѾ֪˶ٳΣ˵ǰǽԵΣкܶΣһٲ
ΣʹԽͷԽ侲
ڤӣûκʤ㣬һ󾳽ĵˣֻǿԽ󾳽սѡ
ߵľ磬Խ棬ԽҲΪʲôԽ󾳽սΪֹԵȴɻֻԽ󾳽սԭ
˵ܰɣоܣ˵Ҹʹ죬˵ĻҾͶֽţϵȫѪĹͷһһ⣬һ˶ˣٽ裬һܵõϵܣֻ鷳һˣ޷ʹࡣ
ڤ˵䣬Ѿ۵£
ʱݼ⴦ɱ֮صΨһ
ڤüͷһ壬ȻѾ·Ҳ˼ʱ䣡
ڤ˵䣬ͬһͷ̫ޣֱ
Щ꣬ڤִ࣬ÿڤΪѾû·ʱȴӳ죬ܴ½ʱȵʱ
֮Ĺ°ٴڤҲһ˿һĻȥ˼İ취
ڤӳֵʱҲˣȫԪĵȫע뵽Ѫǹ֮УͻȻŤת壬Ŷݼ׿£ʮڽֱӽѪǹ˳ȥ
ݣ
Ѫǹͬһŷɳ۵ǣƿգĹȴڤӣǰ֮Ĺľɱƣ
һ̵ԷѪǹΪɱơ
ɱƣһǿµĺڹǵصкֱӹˣ˷Ѫǹṳ̂ھɱϣҲ⣡
ݣ
һɲǣٵɫâͬٵ񽣣
ʱڤҲոպó嵽ǰͬԺɫϮ
һʱ䣬ڤɫһ䣬ôҲû뵽ȻôݣԼһ˲䣬ɱƣͬʱΣ֮У뿿ɱڤӾ̫ˣΪľɱƣŻᱻص㹥ڤֻǱѡ
âĹ̫ûǣܴɱˣֻҪ˾ɱƣҲ޷ܣֻӲ
Сӣɱô
ڤͫһ˲䣬ֻӲջ˹屩˵ͬʱ߶ȫԪֿɫ⣡
ڤӵʵЩʮʱ˵ĺɫⲢһɱҲҪȫֿͼںɫĹ֮ӲɱԼҲ֮أ
ڤӻܿιͲˣһɫУĻԪԶͬߵᱻֽͬһ㶴
һ̣溮ۿ⼸ٵɫâͫУӰâĹ켣

һȫǰֳħֵӰûָԼܵЩɫ⣬ǺɫϾͬһܵķԼ顷һǳһ㡣
˾֮£ƴһԼɫ⣬ǿûйǵĹ֮Уȥһ
Ѿ顷һܴﵽļ£ܷĿٳȴûȫա

һа֮£žѪȼգħֱȫ
һɲǣɫĹ켣΢ƫתһ˿΢ƫתȴĲ
ͫһ˼ĽǶŤһ̣ͬһںɫд
ʲô
ڲԶĿһеڤдΪľƣܵĺڹ⹥ʮڤӣȫûǵĹڤӱľ֮УҲûܵĿܣӲĵɫ⣬Ȼ֮ǣҪˡ
ڤӱΪ±ɣȻôҲû뵽Ȼ㿪ˣ
ôܣ
ƣ
ۿųɫĹȻһȭԪ˵ڶɱ֮ϣһĻڤӿĳˡ
һιɱƵδȫȻһιɱƣô
һǿµĹڤӶΣգȻԼ˾أ
Ӹղ˼ܣڤӾͿ϶ƾΪɱҪ֮УѰ
ڤȥʲôƾɫıڤʱֻܿҪɫһҪ

ڶɱٵڹҲк
Щɫ⣬һɫನӵһ𣬸ܼ
ʱ侲˼㣬ͫ׵ӰĹ켣֪ת£ͻҳ֮£ѾƽڤӲµĽ磡
һĻڤдҪʲôԼΪնɫ⹥µĽ磬ֻҪ类飬ܻصԪ칬֮У
ʱڤӾҪ԰֮ĹѾ˵ľɱ
Ȼ˵ɱ󱻻ɱƵһ룬ԭһֻʣڤв̫󣬵ڤҲļıóѣΪԤУһػԪ칬˴Ϣ֮ôȻвĺӦԼ󣬰пܣ
룡
һ̣ڤӶˣ˺ɫв
ڤӲ½ػԪ칬ʵ޷俪磬ڤҲᡣ
Ȼڣµĺɫ⣬ȴܻɱٵɫһڤӲµĽԻֽͬһ㱻
ħ֣
һڶó
һڹ⹥ನδȥټϵڶڹ⹥óĸɼ
ٿ
ȫѪܱžѪѾȼյһɣ


1523 ķ
â䣬Űɱľ֮أȫ˻Ԫͻҳ塣
Ϊȫ߶ĻԪڹ֮УҲֽûʲô𣬼Ȼˣ罫ȫԪϣ
޷ܿ⣬ǿиıһ˿һ̣þͬûйؽһ㣬Ӻڹխķ϶䲻˼ĴȻʱ򣬵ĵ޷ܵĺڹ⼤Ϊ̫̫࣬죬ʵ޷ӦԣѾ޿ɱˣ
һ̣ͫûѡȥԪȥӲΪӲҲûá
ٶŤ壬ֱСȥһ
С㣬뱻ʱ򣬶Сȶؿںõöࡣ
ۣ
һ˲䣬屻ڹĶһѪǿҧ⣬СľԼʶûΪʹĳְģ
䣡
ܿĺɫ⣬ȫкڤӵĽ֮Уֻһıըһ磬ͬһ㱬ˣ
һ̣ûһ˿ϲãޱ飬侲֮ĳԪ칬
Σ
ʱһը죬ڤӳˣ
ϡ֮ȫӲһ޷ܿĺɫ⣬ɫ⣬Ȼûܶڤӵ壬Ҳ˺ѣѪģ
ڤӸ˲ñƣȻһնһɫƾճ֣ħ
һɲǣһɿµ糱ˮһ㱬ֱ
Ϊɫټϳвִ٣ڤӵħԶƽʱʱʮ֮һȻѾ˵һͣһ޴֮Уٶ
ħʵ̫ǿ޷ǰˡ
Ѫ
ڤצȻһħǿµ˲תƵѾСϣҪħ˿ڴѪֶΣڤ֮ɼһߣ
һ˲䣬ȻһֻоȫѪ۵СҪǿҧأԪסȫѪ
ڤĿȻ·Ҫʲô
ۣ
һ죬Ԫڤֱ飬һѪͬȪһС
һɲǣ촽ɫ԰ֽ
ĩյˣڤӷĴЦȻһ˦Ǳɫֱ˦Хŷ
ԴԪע֮ϣֱ˦ȥǳܶǴʱ˵ֵܵģ
οħס˽Ųܣ
ɫֱ࣬һУɣ
ˣ
ڤ۾һ˿Ц·𿴵Լʬ³
׷ɱʮϴܣֶʧҵҪˣ
Хԭֻмʮɵľ룬ڽֻһɲǣۿ̴壬ʱһӰѸײڶ֮ƣͺɫ֮䣡
ţ
ڤȻһʱǺɫѾĴںӰ֮ϣ
ֻһ죬ɫǺӰֻȻһȴûܵʲôˡ
ڤӶһӰֻӴСĻԪ칬
类ɫ֮ԷԪ칬Ԫ칬ȻҲܷһеĲǻԪ칬еСħɣ
Сħ֮ǰͲٿعһλԪ칬ǵڶΣڹؼʱԻԪ칬Ϊһ

ڤٶȳ֣ʱһϼӻԪ칬ס˵ֱӽ˽ȥ

СħɷססһɲǣֶĶš
û°ɡ
Сħס˺΢СڤħɺѪһɲǣСħɸоĶˡ
ҡá
ɫҰף촽ɣڸղһ˲䣬ȫѪҺڤӳȡ˰˳ɣѪ֮Ҳʧ˺ܶࡣ
ҵѪˣһᲹġ
ҧһ˿ɱ

ֻһ㣬ֻһɱ
ڤܻһУҪٻԼĺɫʱͻȻ¡һ졣
ڤתͷһֻԪʯֱֳ̥֮ǰ׳ȥķѪǹֱԼ
ʵڤӸͲ£Ȼǣ󣬺Ȼٵɫ⣡
ղŵһ죬ȻԪʯ̥ɱƣ˺ɫ⣬ڤӣ
ɱڤӵľʵ̫ˣټѡķǶȣڤӸͲܱܿ
ѾڤӺͺɫˣ屻ͬʱֱħ˴Ѫս־δ㣬ڱѾʧȥսʱɿƷɫ⣬÷Ƕȣڤӡ
ķڤһɫĹ˭Ҳù
ʲô
ڤɫ䣬û뵽ôݣΣڵϦʱȻܽüϢʱƵһ㣬Լһ
ڹڣһܷڤѾ޿ɱˣ
ڤҧгݣҸ㲻죡
һȫԪ£ħϵ֮ǰγ˺ɫĻܡ
һСĴֵɫشĻԻ뼫Σ֮У
εµ츳ˣеһҸ컯ʥӶ°Լս
еı֣ΪӲŪһһ벽𣬶ҽ˴лƽЩ֤ĿˣΪΪСԻúܲҡ
ڤӾǼʶֶ̫ΣԲСԤУɫˣпܻᱻ


1524 
ơħ
ڤӺޱͷųħܵӲһ
ʱķȴηڤɱʱ򣬲ȥǵֿɫ⣬Ҫڤӣ
ڤӵɫ˲伫ΪѿĿķں£벽ȫһҲֻ˵龰
߷ڼķ
һ㣬ڤӾ֪ԼӲӲĻ治޵ģûڲ£Ӳ벽ȫһ
ŵĲ´ЬģֻǷڤǱ𣬱ƴŲô飡
㹥ΣеĹһڤĿ¶׹⣬һ̣Լ߶£
ҪвǺɫ⣬Ĺ⡣
¡
ķʵʵһǹڤӵĺɫ֮ϣµɽһ㱬
ķר壬ĵӱǲ޵Ԫʯ̥ͭУʮ޵Ѫǧʱ䣬ǿ߷ԶԶ׿СħɣҲԶԶ׿˵᪣·˵Ľܱ֮ͬȵģ
Ҳʮֱưڽ
꣡
һǹĴڤӵĺɫ֮󣬾Ȼ⻤ܳһƣ

Ȼֻ΢һ˿Ƴ֣Ȼȴζڤӵ㻤ܱµĹͻֱӱ顣
ʲô
һ̣ڤȫɵˣ
֪ķͣҲֻΪǷͣôҲû뵽ĹҲôֲԪϵַͶսķԶڱ֮ϣһ˸֣ôķһͷͻ˸ôȵĹͻ
ۿźɫ⼤ڤĿѣصһɲǣֱҧ⣬ȼ˾Ѫ
ĳ֮ڤӶԣѪıԣʮǰʧһƣӲƵȼվѪʵ޼ƿʩ֮ѡ
ȻȼվѪڤҲóʲôˣΪɫѾ嵽ǰֻƵĺɫܣܹ
ݣ
һÿڤӣֱɫĳ
ȻΪڤӵɫ⣬Ҫܹһܣ

ڤӿʱеŭݣʵԶ֮ϣģױɻɱӣڰ͵ϮԽͻԪ칬ϵħ˿ڴѪڤӵһֶΣν伫Ϊ˲һһܣȻĽȻ㣬ٶȱ˾أ
¡
ٵڹ⣬ʵʵײڤӵĻ֮ϣԭ;һγ϶Ļܺ鿪ڤƺһѪ嵹ɶ
꣡
ڵɹУһڹֱӶڤӵҲļιֱӱ÷飡
ܵľʹڤɫ䣬̶ֳȵϣԴԱһ첻þȬ£򱻶ȴӰսᵼصĺ
ʱڤߣķҲӿĺɫУͬ߻أȫѪ
߷ǿ󣬼㱻شҲֻǹǶϽۣ౬飬ȴûбڤԶķȡ
籩⣬ڤǿżľʹĻԪǿס˴ನȻ൱һڤӵڣ֮ͻҳ壡
žžž
ڤȫѪܣ߰˴飬Ѫ
صˤںɫ̳֮ϣһ̣ǿ򣬱ܿԭײ֮ƣҲҿڤӼס˴󲿷֮Ƶڣײһ֮أҪֱڴˡ
Ҳײʯ̳֮ϣҲȫѪ
һڤصλãпϧԭպڹ⹥ĽǶȣڤǿ֮صģҲûб̫ϣָ˼ܵڤӷֵͼ
ҧأӰ˻Ԫ칬
ۿŷܣڤȴû
һΪ⣬˲䲼½磬δס
·ڤҲʱҲôķʵ̫ǿˣսĹУ䲻Ĵƣͬھʯ٣ôڤӶ
ķûԪ칬һ˲䣬ڤͻȻܵһɱ
ȻתȴʮʣٶȻ˹ϵʯƤѾ䣬һ˫ĿȼŵɫĻ棬ֳױԼ
ڤӵĽսʵǵĶڵʯ֮ɵν˲Ϣ䣬ڤӳ𣬵ɱ󣬳Ԫ칬ٵƣشڤӣһֻǷ˼Ϣ֮䣡
ʱ䣬ҲǼϢֱڣǲŽս״̬֮С
һʱ䣬ڤӵɫѿˣֻʣһԶǰҲֻ֮һڣڤӵ״Ϊ⣬ҲιǷ飬һֱֻʧȥжȫѪңѪܱ߰˴һЩѪ
ʮսѿ֪
ʵڤǶĴȰ벽ĻɱҲû٣ͿڤӾͲʥĻɱˣɱ壬˼ص£ܱ൱սڤӾͲС
ʱڤӾһս
ڤԹĿԪ칬ѾԤеҪЩʣԼḶشۣ
ҲòĶȥԼ˰˳ѪҺѪҲġ
ʹ򣬱ôУʱҲûʲôսˡ
ҪȵģǿڤܷԲ׵ĴۣٵЩ
ֻҪڤʣֻһɵսͲҳԪ칬ʱڤӴϢָȫʵ֮ͱˡ
һ㣬㻹Ҫ¸ֲĴۣҲҪɱ㣬һϵѰҪģ
ڤԪԪ칬󷨲δЩûйڻԪ
㣬СħɣҲһг˰ɣһֱЭԣƿʱһὫĶ뵤¯İ֮Ԫ֮ѪҩֲҿյѪѾ֮
ڤСħɣҡǶ˵־ȻǺܼ򵥵ֶΣ֮£ȴʮЧΪڤ˵һУܻܿʵ
Сħɫ΢΢԰ס
ôҲвٴΣҲҪץ˫¯ҲԪ
ڤֱҪӽ¯ģȴû
һֱĸоСħɶÿֲڤӾǸۣԣûκϧ֮飬ҰºŮɫûʲô


1525 ˮ齻
¡
Ԫ칬֮⣬һֲı⼤ڤˣ
ˣڤȻʵǿǱɫͬĳһն£㽫һֳ룡
ħ
ڤһץһɿµǸڤɱϵڤֱӳ˳ȫڤӵ壡
ڤӴҪսսսĽ͡
ҲħİԵ֮սУ԰ԵķȡϵԽսԽ£
ʵϴ£ս֮ͨħ
ţ
ϵӿڤڵʱȴȻһȫңѪҵķ
ϵʮر𣬴һɿµħϢͲڤ֪ķ򣬷·ķǶģ
ΪڤãȫԪңЩѪ
ô
ڤܻȻ޷ʹӵеãȻɳħϢڣǳһ˪
˳޷ʳﶼθʹܣ޷Ԧ֪ڤӾ֮ͻҳ壬ԭѾ˵ľ˼ĸ
ۣ
ڤ˺ѣȫѨɫǿнħƳ⣡
һν֣ڤüͷ壬Щħ޷ʹˣ
ûħζڤӵսӼѡ
ӲƴҪߵսܿײҵĽ͡ڤӲ¶ԸȱսɵǻԪ칬֮е
֪ʲô֣ԼԽ࣬ҲԽȫ

㲻Ҫɡ
СħɷһźɫʯϣʯͨɻʯɣǻԪƽʱ֮ء
óʯһ鱦ֻ鱦бȽͨһ
Ԫ칬֮УƵıõ磬ܳΪýʥΪֵ֮Ķ
ʯֻҪ棬ڻ֮ͻյʯڤڤеǣԷתӶЧ
ˣʯϣͬʯеĻ֮壬ֲյѪ
һãʱٵһ٣
Ԫ칬֮УԴʱٵ󷨣ҪСħɳ֡
ʱٱʮֿŵĽ޷ֻ˵Ļȴûʲô⡣
Ҫȡʱָơ
ƾ͸ֶҩСˣֻһʱȬ
ǿյѪֲЩ鷳ˣôҲҪ֮á
⻹ǽڷøֶҩĻϡ
ôʱ䣬ɵȲǸʱڤͽ˴ս
ɶڶڼΣ֮УԤУڤӻ֮Ȼĺܴ󣬵Ҳ;ƿݣҾʱȫָҲĶ֡
ɫϾڤӸոսʤʱʱʱȫʢ״̬ܻڤӵĻôʱƣڤӻԽԽǿ
Ǹʱ򣬵ȴǵľֻǱɱˡ
ô죿ʱСħҲȫû⣬еѾϰΪҲþ
ˣҡ
˵ţֽȡһЩѪĵҩЩҩһˣʼϢ
̵еҩҩºͣѪĵҩڵѪգ޷һЩҩ
СħҲ˻Ԫʯϣϥ̣
ǣ֣ԴԴϵԼڵѪ֮
Сħɣụͣǣһ֮ϵ֮Сħɵ֮Ѫ໥ڣԽԽǿƺޱߡ
֮õ֮Ѫʢ籼ӿĴ󽭣ӿϢ
Сħɵ֮Ѫõ֮Ҳ೤ңԶĻһ㣬ԽȼԽ
ΣĹͷȫޱڵϢѪų໥ͨĽһ
ָо·СħѾںһ
ȻУϾѪգҪСħɵԪֲ֮
СħɺޱѪ֮£Сļ⿪ʼ䶯ĤҲ˿ڣۿٶϡ
ԪĽԽԽ죬Сħȫ㺹죬ֻо֮Լȫȣɫ죬ָ֣оֱ嶼Ҫڻһ㡣
Сħɵ磬Ҫͻƣ
Сħͻڣп޾꣬ϰ顷Ѿܽˣ
оԼ壬·¶ϴһ飬ȫë׶ſʮѨͳǧëףȫ̰˱СħתԪ֮Ϣתǧֱ仯ζ
Σʱ̣˶ȫĵĳ뵽֮УǸо˴ϤŶԷ壬ϤϵģԷѪϢ硢֮ޱԷ
״̬֪˶ãʼ˫Ŀգ˿ѾȫȬڵѪҲ࣬Ǿ۷״̬вٲࡣ
ˮ齻֮УСħɵһ˫۾һգգĿߵֻ룬ŵǹеϢϢܺš
ݣǷ׿Ⱥһ˫Ŀüȫ£һῡֲܵʧߵĳȡ
ʱȫǺˮƤĶţϣϵɢŨҵ֮ϢСħɵ壬ͬһ㡣
֪ã糺죬ޣĿʱʱ롣
ʱ˫ۡ
͵֣СħҲ˿ûбܻĿ⣬ɲܲ˵ĶߵĶӡ
һ˫۾ģŮ棬Ů飬Ҳвַ飬Сħɹһ˫۾Уƺ˼
Сħһ£ʱҲû˼룬һĳһöɫӣħеõĺ龫
Ǻ۵Ѫ۳ɣħӵʱΪͻƾõһɣųɶʣΪʱʵղ̫ࡣ
ͻ龫óֲѪúʡ
龫ڻҩͨСħɵˮ齻ڣԼѪֲһ֣Ÿպ龫
ħƵĺ黺ƯСħ֮䣬Сħһ£ŷӦĿƿصĺɫӡ
ǡ
Сħɴź֮Уĸܵһޱߴ󺣵Ѫ֮ľѣ


1526 ͻ
СħɣûʲôźɫԲ飬ʵ˵ɶǺ꾫
飡컯ʥеĺ飡СħɳһΪ򶥼ῡܣȻ֪ıζʲô
ǣ
õ϶ĻشСħɾˣô
ǻԪǰҵġ
ʥӻԪж˺飬߲˵ѾʲôˣСħҲ֪һʷʵ˵СħɹһҲ뵽
ԪԭˣʯҲǻԪ𴫸İɣ
СħɻȻ֪ϵĻԵ
̫࣬Сħɿļ̳˻ԪĴУҲԴﵽڵĸ߶ȡΪһ½ߣεõԪϿҲһ˷˼顣
ԣԪǰдµĶȾڤӣԪǰǾΡ
ڤӼܴ½ʱħӷɱڤӵķ
ûԪ칬ζڤӵ׷ɱ
еĺ龫ΪյѪۣ޷ָֱҸͳܲסֻԻԪµĺеһԪաҵһԪһա
ҲգСħһ£龫̶ȣԶҩ֮ϣһ㣬ԼΪĪĺô
ţղһͬҸоֻǰ벽֮ңպ龫ͻҲδزܣ
ڤӣһ˲ûʤ㣬ܼСħɣһĻʤԴôһ㡣
СħҲˡ顷ͻʵ٣
ҲͻƣǾͻټ㣬ҲڤӵĶ֡
Сħûƴǣʱͬ۹á
ҪһΣڼʱʱͻƣ
˵䣬оâСħһͻƣôͻƣ
ڼǰŸո̤ڣʱҪͻƸܡ
ܶʱһЩΪ˸ʵѹΪͻƣʱԣҲЩǸ㹻ʱ䣬Ϊ۵Ĳ˲С
ֵģͻһ󾳽ż죬ȫޣտգ£ͻƵڶ磬ǳ˵Ρ
ԪϵȷʵͻˣϵȴпܣҴ㡭ǣ
˵ĸֵʱһһ٣ÿһ֣̺һӾĺ
ǣ
һ˵еľ磬ݵľ磡
Ϊ֮ŮСħɵȻĶζʲô
ڿЦɡҪͻƵǣ
ʮǰǾǳΪߵ޷ơ
˵УǰԪͻΪһδɾ͵ǵΨһһˣ
ȻԪȡ˳ɾͣһ츳˺飡
ʮõ屦ǳĴڣԪ츳챦򣬳ɾ͵ǣҲǿܹܡ
ûк飡
Ŵ漣СħɹгһգҲͻƵǣҲԵʱɺأ˼ôһ߿ܳɹ
˵ҪͻƵǣͻƵ˵ģ
֪˵ʲôǸ񻰣к飬ҲЩϣеҲֻǺ龫
ǶİٱСħɣʱҲ
Ҵ̤֮·ͷ˫ޣȻ֪ζʲôӦ˵ұ˭Ѷȣ
һ仰Сħû˵ˣȷʵѾŶݼ£۶Եǵ⣬𶼲˵ͻƵǵĻȻǾ˼ǵġ
аգСħɻǸоš
ûСҡҡͷڱѡҴţֻһɰգ
һɡСħһȻ˵˵ԼһɰͻƵǣѾǾףͷֻһɰյͻƸʵ̫ˡ
ǲͻƵǣû·𣿡Сħ΢΢Ĭʵ
ҡҡͷ벻Ŀܣڤ̫գһлȸںʼδȻԼҲ˴ۣ׼ȫĻĽڰ֮ĹУû´ĻֻҪڤͻӡԪ칬֮ĹĿռѷ죬᲼²磬׶žһ˿һܵĿܣȻ͵ǡ
ڤӵ·ָκ©ԼԿɳ֮
СħһͻȻЦһ˵ô˵ľһˡ
˵޷ͻƵǣǾֻԴеĻôڵѾߴٷ֮ʮ
ҡҡͷҲֹٷ֮ʮΪͻ˵ǣҲ֪ҵʵܴﵽʲô̶ȣڤսֻΡ
ڤԭǶĴǿ֮ĩҲǻ벻ĺ֡
ĻһʱСħв֪ʲôо
˾¼֮ܵ⣬ƺһЩͷ
þãͻȻС˵к𣿡
ڣһЩСħôͻȻʳ⣬Ҫˣʲôá
ʣ᲻·ȥģھҲһȣȱ֮꣬ȴҪƬء
Сħ˵ģеһЩ䣬Ⱦ꣬˵ɣʵǧٸҹҹһĻĻҲӡ
̾һ˵ȻǲĵģȻԭûкҩҼȻѡֻԣνڲڣΣ
ĻСħǣƺܲĻشˬ˵˼Ҫˡǰɣ
Сħɺͷľƺ⣬֪λشʵСħɵ˼ʵڲʱ
ʱˣЩʲôץʱպ龫ŬͻƲ
Сħɶɫ̫ÿ˵һٵʱ٣˵仰ܵʱ䣬ڲ˵Ժûлˡ
˵СħɵЩС
һ㻹ʲôҪ˵˵ɡ
һһ⣬ҺˡСħ촽˶ĵĿĬãģһһٵ˵һ죬һΪУɱ𣿡


1527 
Сħ⣬һ£ʵΪʲôҪΪУ
˵Сħɲӡ
ֵĿСħɣʱˣСħôĪ⣬Щû壬ȥЩ߰ʲô
СħˣɫͻȻһ䣬˵ħ壬վĶأ壬ʱأɱ𣿡
Сħ䲻һ仰һݣСħɵ˼
ʥĴսħȷʵ⣬ļһ˵Сħħ彫ҪܻΪִߣ
ʥ׷ɱҲֻСħɣСħɱʥץסֻǿɱСħɣ̰ͼСħϵѪϾ϶ԣСħѪǵʵ΢ˡ
Сħҩֻڤӵ˼
ô˵ħʼѾʥˣͻȻʵ
Ҳ֪Ҹı䲻ǵľ
Сħ˵䣬ֻĿ
ˡ΢΢ͳĬ˺þãóص˵Ҳ㱳壬ͬҲܱҵ壬ⲻΪѪҲΪҵˡѡʦȫ壬ħôΪһԱֻսס
ܵĶͬʱ̳˻ԪͷĴУۻԪǷǶΪս̳ǵ־ôܱࣿ
һ죬ҷֱԵ壬û·ʱֻϣ㲻Ҫ֡
˵ţĿСħɵ۾һʱ䣬Сħɵӷ·һ¡
Ŀ룬˺һګګ˵ˡ
ʵʳ֮ǰСħѾ˴𰸣ýֺͷĻش𣬷ǾͲʶˡ
Ȼ֪ΪΣȴʹİѹ֮õ˳ƺֻΪʳֻԼġ
𡭡
Сħ뵽ʣеĳһͻȻĪʹ
СħԤУۺүүѾʥˣΪͻ֮ջԾ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ô߳·֮󣬵ȴǵĻʲôͷֵ´ټʱΪУ
뵽ֽСħֻյģʹԺ
ڴľ龰ȾҹҹǣֳħԳϫĹڣ龰ڰ֮ĹΣ壬һ֣֮ɱǿʮ˵ĳ桭
еһУСħԺһһ֮ȥյĻ棬˸ղ֮ݾϢޱɸԷѹص龰
һʱ䣬һӿͷ
СħɵȻָ࣬ͬģҲᱳħ
עˣ֮䲻ʲôƹ
СħʱǰһֱĮȻǸδµˣĲµСħʲô
ԴˣֻܳĬ
ϣ塢ħĹϵΣСħɶܸվһȻ뷨̫˽Ҳʵʣȥ˵ǣֻгĬ
ɣԸûӰľ
Сħɿǰĺ龫о᲻
üڵ㲻Ҫպ龫ˣڵľѾʺͻˡ
ͻһ£ܶ߾׼꣬ԡ㣬֮ʧܣοСħľȣͻʧܣң߻ħΪ
ҿͻƣСħɹִ˵
ǡðɡ
ǴӦСħߵһгڵ츳鷽棬ҲҪģȻ
һΧŵʱ类ˣʱ˿ԣͻƾͲˣΪСħͻʱҪطƵǣҲҪӦϾǣЩ޷ʱɡ
ʮӡתӺ֮УѪ
Ѫֳɣ̫ͬžֱСħƮ
̬ϢǿȫƬ·ɼͲѪɵģ·̫һ㡣
Сħɵ壬ֻоȫѪǣ·ҪХһ㡣
һ̣СħҲһרͻơ
ܸоǰĺ龫ſ־ôյģһˣ߻ħ³
ʱһһöӨ͸ĵҩģǾ쵤
ܴ½֮ǰħʼڤӣ쵤쵤ѾʧͻƵǾϹŵҩȻЧѾˡ
õ˾쵤ĵѼϣƳɵڣóˡ
쵤һȥͬʱǹɺ龫γɵľҲ֮Сһ屩꣬çϢ
Ϣ֮ͻҳ壬·ҪĹ磬ķһ㣡
ħӣĽܷѩ˼˺龫еһɣڣ֮ĹУһ˾ֱɾԪ塣
̫žŰȻһ̣֮Ҳ͵ĳǵصѹ
Ѫǿѹɺ龫һ̣ȫϢƺҪӿеľŸλҪѪһ㣡
Ÿλǿ֮ĳڤڤδ֪Ӧţֻоǰһڣһ̣һƬȫڵĿռ䡣
ƬռһֻϾſǳſǳŲʽ޾ǻԣҫһ硣
ǻҫֻоȫѪչţȫǧë׺ѨԶ򿪣žǵǹ⣬ǹ壬嫵ӹӿϢ
ǿ֮£оĹ⡢Ѫ綼ɱ䣬Ѹٵǿ
ħӣմ֮ʱ͵һο˵Ǿ磬ڻԪ칬Уպ龫˵Ǿż
ʱֻʮ꣬ڵѾʮʱȥ˽ʮ꣡
ʮĻۣһֱ˵֮ϣֻԵֻΪͻƣ
ȻˣͻƵǣҲֻһɰգ
ڰ֮Уժϵһǳڵ֮Уǲ̤˵Ǿ磡
ĵǲǻ󣬴ʱĵطȷʵſǶǻҫСħɶ
ǣǵǣ
Сħ۾ʱҲ˲þ̾ҪԼͻƣȻ֪ǻ۵Ĳ㣬ľңСħȻܽĺ龫Ǿͻȴʼղһ


1528 ת
ǳ壬̸ףϵǹ⣬ȻûͻƵǣȴȴԭʮڽһ룬ֱƶʮڽȥ
ҵ
ڰУ˫Ŀ磬˫ӡӺ֮УһѪ̫žڡ
һǺɾѾһĳɺ龫ټϾ쵤ǿѪ֮ȫͿ·Ҫըһ㡣
Ľ磬Ѫܣһ͹ȫǺյѾﵽ˼ޣ뱬
Ȼ̧ͷ۾ƵĶϾһţһԾ
ſǶ߿ޱ߿ǣӦߵŰǣӦ
ǳһǣƾ
ƾǣΪݺ֮Ʋɵ
ȫ£ŶݼȫҪӲĽǳժ
һ;߾磬ժ£ǿ̸ھˣ
۸ʮǰκһ߶ҪǿʮٱڵʵͻƵǼֱԷˮһ򵥣ڣȴ
ĵǣȻΪ裬ĳϣҲ۵˲˼ľ磬һɾ죬£
ƾǵһɲǣȻ·ƬʱնҪݣһɿµëȻ
裬ηƺҪ˺һУȻǳģ
ǣΪѾԼ۵˼ĳ̶ȣȻ˳ǵʱҲɱĻܵ
֮У·ĸ֣֮н֯һֵͼֵͼס֮еľſǶ
סǵ򣿡
еĵͼڵͼ֮У̺ޱȿµɣֻҪԼȥͻܵͼѹ
ΥҪ٣һ£Ŷܻҷʬ޴棡
һȻеĵͼ벫һΣѡ
ˡ
·ѹһɲΥ棬ĺׯ֮
һȫĵһȭ
ڰ֮Уϵ֮һֻתŶݼףӲͼ
꣡
һ죬ֱ۾𣬱۹ѣ˫ȭȾѪ
ǰĴ·ֻûаѵ˼
ͼתѹУЩƣͬµĥһ㼷ѹĥѹĹ⣡
նѹˣǿҲֲѹ֮¼ѣһѪըѪֱ
ͬĽľˮž٣εĽѣһΣȫڷѹ
εķȴԳǳһС
ȫı죬ѹ֮£Ҳܲסˡ
ҧأ˫ĿѪ죬ͻƵǵʱϵⳡͻƵļѣҲû뵽ѵ̶ֳȡ
ֻһɵĳɹϣѵ߹𣿡
ģĻԪͬĽѣǻԪкһ巨еΪ̣ƾ黤壬Ŷɹ˽١
ǳֿȭԿ
Ѷȣ֪
䣡
һȭȫѪܱ˲֪٣ȾѪ弸Ҫѹ飬޿ռ֮⣬ı壬ҲΪ⡣
ʱı壬ɫ԰ףıǿס۾˫Ѫ
ͷſǶӰɼƺǹԪ칬ʧˣСħƺ޾ǿ֮УĲǻԪʯǺƺǺӡ

Сħɿʹı飬һϵͻƵǵգԪǵȾͻƣͻƵǵʱ򣬻ԪѾ¡
ڵƾһǻѪֿȭһӣȥǣտ֪
Сħɫ΢΢԰ףʱҲ֪ΰͻƻδɣܴӿСħɵ磬Ǿͻƣʼղôһֻ
ˡˡ
תȫ͸֧ҪԶԶ
һ¶ƴһľģתӺ龫УӲ˵壡
ɾ֮ǰΣһ˺ɾ
ǰСħɾˡ
ֱˣѾưܳӣȻҪɺ龫ô


1529 Ѫ
龫ԭǱľѪ֮ΪĻ龫壬ܣͺñȷ˽飬ˣͻḹͶ
ѾΪ⣬״̬ǿɾĸɿ֪
޾ǿ֮Уһɿͺ龫ļӳ֮£Ȼһȭǵͼɺ龫֮ѾƸۣעһ
ڵưܵ壬ܳɺ龫޷ƿǵͼôȴľǱ
꣡
ޱһȭָǣǵͼȻվûѿ
ǲ
ӿһŨŨĲ֮⣬ǲ˺յɺ龫ռĺǵͼҲ̫ࡣ
ôȥˣò˶þͻȫѣ籬
Ԫڶӡ⣡
һͭм̳еԪʯ̥ӡӡ·£һһʵ
һӡΪǿڵΪܽ⿪ǰȴ⿪
ʱ֮ͭУͽ⿪˵һӡƾչ磬һ
ڶ⣬ܱںϣֻܽ⿪ӡķʽӷ֮л
¡
⿪ڶӡһɲǣֻһ죬ŭ
޷ݵĿͬɽХһ㱬Ԫʯ̥ͬʱҲֱ
Ԫʯ̥ǿѾﵽ˼ľ磬ڱĿܹܵסȻıȴУʱ֮ѾŸƥټѾڱѵıԵ
˷ĵһܹõΪ˺ƾǵͼֻҪǵͼһƣڵй㣬Ϳһٳƾ磬ʵǡ
Ȼǵͼƣôһǡǡ෴ھǵͼѹŰ֮£
Ե䡪ˣ
ɫ֮УֻܶƽʮڽʩչԵˣһɲǣٷֱʮڽأ
˿µкھǵͼ֮ϣǵͼҵĲ
ӿֽͬһ飬ǵͼڳһ˿ƣ
һ˿ƣ۾һͬɳĮмˣһޣ
һ˿ƣϣôȥŲһʱ䣡
¡
һȭұ۽ⱬ飬˼Եת£ǵͼƣһȭٶ
ʱѾټޣҧ⣬ȼžѪȭ
꣡
һĴ죬׾Ťı۹ڳױ飬СۣһĽǶȴ޷ˣ

һʱ䣬ͫۿԼϵұۣڲϵĲš
ʧȥĳǵͼƣڻϣ
ͼþԵ˺ָ
Ͳһ㣡
ҧĿѣһۣۣҲȭƾȭܺǵͼ
ô
ģӣʮ꣬߹ˣܹ˽ܣ֪ٴξվһ·ߵѾվŵ۷壡
ˣܸġ
ڼͬʱ̺Ŀֲȴľ
龫н⿪Ԫʯ̥ӡײͬɽ緢
˭Ҳ˭ͬҲ˥壬ĳΪս޷ǣȴľǱ
ݣվ޷Կô
֮УԽײԽǱ꣬޷ҧأֵָĿڵ״̬ɱѵĸ֮ܡ
״̬ԽԽ⣬ۿѣ˫ĿѪ
һ̣ĸоָ֮оֻƾɣžٵʱ
޼ƿʩۿҪʱһ鶯ͻȻڣͬһȪưܵ塣
ǡ
һĸеͻȻֵ͵֮䣬ԭɱŵͻȻ
ȻԶǿ󣬵ȴ˼£ԣȴƽı꣬ﵽ͵״̬
Сħɡ
˲ʱܹͷų˾Ѫ֮ˣҲֻСħɡ
֮УܵŨķѪ֮ˮͬʱŵĻϢ
ľǣȫ֮ͬǰСħǣʱСħڴѪǴһԴϢƺСħɵԴ
˾Ѫ
һʶͻƵǵĺɫǿ˳Ȼ˫ۣСħɡ
ʱĻԪ칬Ѿ֣Сħ޾ǿ֮УСħס֣ſСڣһŨŨѪ֮СħɵĿƮƮ
Ѫ֮ڿлûɷ˵ģ鶯Х
СħɵıԴѪҲķ˾Ѫ
뵱꣬Ϲŷһη˾Ѫ̶ȣͿ֪˾Ѫж󣬶Ϲŷķ˾ѪǴȥȡģط˲֪꣬ԶԶСħϵķ˾Ѫľ
Ϲŷȡ˾ѪǴ峤ǧķʬȡãѪ࣬ȡһΣܸСħɸ߶۵ľѪȣ
ķˣȼվѪԴȼվѪֱӽѪȸˣǾʧˣֲ
˵СħĶͼõСħˣصı
ڣСħֱӽȸڱ
ɶ
д󼱣СħɽѪȸʧΪҲӰԪδɾͣ
Ĵ󺰣Сħ۾ͫˮĿԡ
ΪʲôҪôݶ̫ˣ޷ܡ㽫ľѪȸңƾͻƵǣȴԴ㽫ľ磬ʲô䣿
СħϵľѪͬСɡ
ΪһЩ߾㾫ѪʧˣֲҲѣСħɣϵľѪ˵Ʒߵģһʧֲǧѡ
ĻСħ̾һ˵ǶҪˣҪǲͻƵǣǻȥô
˵ƺͻȻʲôü͵˵㽫ҪôҰѪȸ㣬ѪүүҲôҳΪħδִˣʡ㽻֣ͦõô


1530 һһѪӡ
Сħɵһϯһһʱ֪λش
СħҲ֪Լô͹ʹ˵һʹ죬ԼҲʹĻƺֻҪйеԹ֮顣
ǸЦЦ˵Щ̫ͺ˵ˣӰͻƵľˡ
һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãоĪʹԣĬһֻǵԲ֪ġ
㲻֪СħҡҡͷĿ۾ƺʲôӨĶ㲻֪Ҹȵʱܺ£ϲ֣ܲ˵ľһɲļįͺڰҸȥȵʱرȥҾϰٰʮ꣬ҾҪˡ
ǺҲûôˣǾҹҹûô£ҴС󣬲֪ȥٷ羰أɽɾԴҿ˲֪٣ȻڻҶЩطûʲôӡˣеľ꣬ԶĺڰʬǣǶӣȴںڰͿУȴи˿ĸоġһӼǵá
Сħ˵ͻȻЦˣø˵˵ѹĵףȥܽùô룬˵ˣǾ㹻ˡ
ʱ룬ҲǲȥҲǲģٲȥǽǵѣҲȥôŵ顭ȻȥĻδԸġ
Сħ˵һʱסˣǣСħɵ֣޹ǵĴһݵᣬǳˮеһ㡣
һ̣ͻȻоԼϱһݳ֪꣬ȥԡ
Բ𡭡Ĭãֻ˵˲԰֡
СħȴЦˣЦ紺ÿŵĻ䣬ûʲôԲҵģҵȵģȣûкڹԴ֮Ѫȸ㣬Ҳûкڹպ󣬾֮գϵѪҲ֮УӡѪһһ˦˦
˵СħЦƺ죬¶һԿɰС
һʱ䣬ǳˡ
Ƶǰɣܵġһ
Сħգ˵ţĬĬСħ˫۾ţ֣صĵͷ
ǶСħɵĳŵҲǶԼĳŵ
޷ȥСħɵֻ꣬ܽһеתǡ
ڵСħɾѪĵͣѾȶ״̬£ոΪҶѵľѪҲڻĻָţ͵Ч
˫ۣٶһƬ޺ڰǿգľſǳ
һ̣оԼз·һŻȼգѵ֣ڲϵţ
һ𣬰Ŷݼ뿪ı󣬸ֳӰ
Ե䡪ˣ
¡
һ죬ձһȭ·֯ɵľǵͼһȭУҵһ˿ƾճ֡
ۿһƣĿ¶⣬һһȭͬһط
䣡䣡䣡䣡
һȭһȭ˫ȭ֮ϣѪɽĿģ
Ŀ֮£ǵͼϵԽԽ
ƺΪ͵ĹҲŭˣ·͵Ļ۶ȫѹ
Ըԣ
ȫ죬ѪֱӣѪҺȾˡ
Ȼܲˣȫžǵͼ
ѷһһÿһ㣬顣
һ㣬һ㣡
˫ĿѪ죬п
ʱͻȻоǿȻһ磬·ߵ˹ؼԪ궯ѣ
ʲô
ͻı仯һ򣬶һ
һһɲͷӿ
ʱһȻͻƵ𣡣Υǳ룡ȻˣҲһһĻᣬҲ󣬸Ͼǹ⣬ǿЦͻƣʧܣ䣬
Цֹڤӣ
ڻԪ칬֮⣬ڤսԭڤӵĴ㣬Ҫʱ򣬾ܵĽʡԼƣСĴսʤ
᲼½磬ס֮ĹĳڣԼϢȡظ״̬Ԫ칬
һʧֻҪԼָʵˡ
ȻսУڤͻȻԪ칬Ϸ֮Ĺ񷶥ʧˣһƬ޾գո߳է֣
ݵ֮ˣͼͻƵ
ǣרϵʥ塢ħϵǲͬʮǰµߣ˿ȾԪϵ
ڣΪĳδ֪ı䣬Ǽɴɣһ޳ɣʵҲøӿֲһͻƵǣ֪ᷢʲô
ڤȻ̫ҲԸһһĻᣬһеĹڲʱУƿҪ
ʱڤӣȫѪСڤ궴ѪģһĿĵ˿ڣնϼ֮⣬ҲӲնʩչطǿнӻȥˡ
ڤƿԼҲ˲ʹĴۡ
ڹ˲ˣݲݵһŵҩ֮󣬴ֽóһ̣Ȼ׳գͬʱ˫ӡΪնϣѪδȫϣѾǳˣӡٶԱ˺ܶࡣ
ݣ
תºɫĻ֮⣬Ԫ칬ж˻Ԫ칬ϵ
ڤӴʱ̤գֳֺɫдʣ̻֮ѪΪħѭ֮ն
ڤȻһնһնµʱͻԪ칬к
һʱ䣬Ԫ칬ںããһƬħ֮У
âԪ칬󷨵лƺ˻Ԫ칬֮С
ǰҲͻƣҵƾһĵӵݣܷʥأܷʥصʥǴʱֻǳͼͻƾʱħ֮ħ߻ħͻʧܣҾɱлˣο㣡
κˣħԽǿߣħҲԽǿͻ֮ʱҪֱħ޿ɱ⣬Ҳʱ򣬺οͻƣУԭҪ֮İɣ
ڤӿЦţһͬħһ㣬ŻԪ칬
Ԫ칬󷨣ڤӵĽ;󲿷ֵĹһ˻Ԫ칬֮С
Ԫ칬ȻҲǸһУǵǹ⣬޷͸󷨻
ڤӵĽ⣬Ԫ칬ܹɵ£Ȼֹħ֮ȴȫ¡
һʱ䣬ֻоͻȻǰԭ˺˴ľǵͼҲͻȻԶȥˡ
ɫһд󼱡


1531 糺ǿ
ͻƣԭǿͻеļ޷ݣ̶ֳȣҲֻһɰգСħɷԪѪڿ˳ɹϣ
£ݲøš
ڤӷһ˿һķᣬΪƴѪӰպҲϧ
̫ӲΪУսˣ֮Ϊɱ㣬伫գڣ
Թд˼˽ܣԣҪðżգĪ˵ߵ磬Ƿ磬ЩĿʵۣսµʱ⵽δɱЩǵĴɱսȴʧܣ
ڤʩչħ֮һͬʱŻԪ칬칬
Ԫ칬Ʊصڻ֮ңǲĻһжͻ˼ѡ
ȣ
˫ĿѪ죬һ˫ȭȻĻƣȻȭھǵͼϣѾֻ࣬˺˵ͼ΢һ㡣
ˣǵͼڻţڶʱڽǵͼ˺ôֻʧܣ
һͻʧܣСħɶҪ

ڻԪ칬֮УСħд󼱣֣ΪԴѪģɫ԰ףӡ
ҧҧٴſСڣԼķԪѪɸ
ʱСħɣֱˮƺûһ·ʱҪϡ
ںڰ֮УȻоһɾķѪ֮Լ壬д󼱣СħѾ˲Ѫȥ룡
ɶҪٰѪɸˣ
𣬵СħɸûͣԽԽɶҷԪѪҲֻ֮ͣ޷ںϣڤӵĸ֮£ǲͻƵǣ
ʱļ٣Ŀѣϱ̫࣬Ȼƫƫûȥɡ
ޣģ
ƣ
һȫǽڱ죬žѪƺȼգԳܵȫڳѡ
Ե䡪ˣ
ȼһȭ˻󣬺˾ǵͼ֮ϣͼ˺һĿĵȱڣ
Ȼ˺ѾǵͼͬʱĻ˷ӿģĹԽǿͣԽڽеͷųȥľԽ飬Խ⵽ħķɡ
ۣ
³һѪģ嵹ɳȥ
꣡꣡
ǻѣʶ޾գˣͻѾڳʧܵıԵ
ڻԪ칬֮⣬ڤӲһ㣬Ƿһ˿Ц
ȻȫԪ칬еľ󣬵ȴԸݻԪ칬֮⣬ǶȻǹƲڵ״̬
ʮĶԹ˽ᣡ
ڤǿ˵壬ҧ⣬³һƾѪָմһƾѪлһɺѪ
ħ֮ӡ

ӡӡڻԪ칬֮⣬ػһôȥ

һͷԵһĻСħɵĺݺݵľһ£ۣһס˻
ѪȾСħؿڵ½ֻоһ֮УϢ֮価Ǵ㡣
˫ۣСħɲ԰׵׺˫
Сħɾıһ̣ƺ磬ֻʣˣڽ֮ʱ໥š
𣿡Сħɸߣ·߽
ѵۿһ̣ѵõ¶һ飬ҡҡͷ
һ̣ȫƺԶȥˡ
СħͻȻˣȪӿʱţҲûôѽҲҰԼһж㣬˵ǣպ£ҵѪҲһ𣡡
Сħ˵ţ·¶˺ܴľģͷ壬ȥ
ƬĴŵѪζһ
һ˲䣬ʱ·ֹˣ޾ǿ֮УСħɵ屧һΧѪ֮
һʱ컣Ȼܿ죬ʹݳоѹȻ֣СħɾһУעԼȫķԪѪҪԼȫѪɹ
һôͻ棡
㡭
ҪƿСħɣȻСħȴı
𡭡ô
ѵĴľѪȫȸҡҲԶʱںϡֻǵ֮֮ǰѪѾ㹻
СħеķԪѪע뵽ڣҲֱգһβ֮ǣ֪ķ˶ΪȻˣСħӵеķԪѪҲȲ֮Ũǧٱ
޷ںҸںϣ
Сħҧ˵ң·ҪԼڻȫ壬϶Ϊһ
Ѫɣļ٣˵壬ƴҪƿСħɣȻ֮Уֻ˫һݵ֮ϡ
һԼֺȻСħɵŮϣʵͦ˫壬ƵñΣһݵĵԡ
һ˲䣬СħȻһһܵҪ˿Ȼȴһȫûһ׵ĵϡ
ϼˮ粨ֻ֣һĲϣţɬ̽һС࣬˱һС
һʱ䣬һݵͨ˵ǣ֫ٺⲻͬСħ֮ǰɵıԴѪȻľ̶ȣȴȱԴѪ˿Ҫǣ谭ںϣ·߱һġСħɵԪ֮ޱ׳ԼʱϢ׾ںϡ
һʱ䣬ңҲӿһҪСħѹ£ꡣ
Ůӣһݵԣ׷۷壬Ѿֹˮľ磬ʱҲȶѡ
ȻԺУһ˿̵֪ζ֣СħɵĽϣȻΪħȡСħɵԪɼӰ졣
δǲ֪εĽȴܻպʹĽ֡
ˡв̵˵
ΣСħɵͻȻһ£ֿǵ˫ֻмľ룬Ŀ⣬˸˺
һʱ䲻֪λش
ûĽҲûպ󶼸һֻǵǣֻǵİԼ㣬㶼Ҫ𣿡
СħɵЩˮ۾֮вϵתţĹӨ͸
ĴУСħɵˮϣѿͬˮ
һʱȴǴסˡ


1532 
彩ӲСħɵĻصĶߣĪʹо̫أѾˡ
ҡֵħʼǰ֪ˣպôħ㣿
ħ壬ĸʥǩԼСħɺ컯ʥӵôСħɽ֮꣬ħʼ澡ʧСħɱˣҲˣ
Ҿֵþ͹ˣСħʣƺеίй˳ԽԽסΪʲôҪЩ飬ΪʲôҪȥүү죬ֻǽ죬ͲƭƭңҿҲȥǽҲ뿼ǡ
Сħ˵ţʼԼ·ָȹۣ½¶Сħɷ۵񾱣׵ļ
⸱壬ҵԪѪ֪죬ҰԼ㣬κλرΡֻҪԸ⡣
Сħ˫Ŀᣬ糺죬ָһ㣬ȫһȼ
ƵĻɷɻɢİ𪣬ӯϸ壬ഺŮ壬ޱĳǰҫ۾
ϸķ޳ԪĴȣԵŮ壬һա
޾ǿ֮£ǹСħϣɴˮһ̣ĺ·ˣʱСħʵ̫Ŀ޷ֱӡ
СħָϣӦϵҲȫȼոɾ˵壬޼϶ӵһ
޷ݵУŮഺϢһжսԺһ˿
ǣס˫һ˫ۣһʵıϻоһɲǣ񼴽ʧˡ
СħĲκνԸ׳壬ҲԸôСħħ޷㡣
һŮӣǵλͬħʥŮСħ˵Ҫıԣô
ǡ
ıʲô
Լʵ㹻ǿħʼҪģԼܸ裬ôǸûʲôҪʥ壬ҲΪ˶Сħɡ
һ̣оԼǰδеļᶨʵҪǿʵ
һеǰǡ
ڤӣܻ
ͨһУзһͳĺСħѹ£ӵСħɵ壬ǵؿڣ޼϶һ
ؿڵ鸧СħɵıԵΣһĴȡ
ܵ˼ת䣬Сħɸоһ̣·ڻˡĻӦţ˱塣
Сֻ࣬ȫڵɽһ㱬̲סĽСħɵ֮С
һ̵ʹУСħɲһҲںϣһ̣ͻȻˣ˵Ϊʲôޣֻ֡
֣գ֪һ̾ҪҲûʲôˡ
㲻ģǻȥһ
ᶨޱĽСħɵ壬һһΡ
Сħ֮ӿԭڵķԪѪҲڵںϣ纣һȡ
Ԫʯ̥м̳еѪ֮޴֮гܵϹźҲޱעСħɵڡ
Сħɵ壬֮ͬʱһһϮĿУСħɽ̲סһ
쳱˿ȫѪĽУСħɵķԪѪûģ֮£ϵǿ磬Ҳڲϵչš
۷壬
ԭСħҲ˴ĺ龫Ȼȴٳٲͻվһ㣬ףΪ۵Ϊ龫ǳͣͻƾ޴̸ˡ
ҫ۵âСħС𣬽СħɵȫΧâ֮£Сħڷǣ
ݣ
ʣĺ龫ٻг⣬ɫֱûСħɵ壬ˣ龫ѾСħɳգ
һ̣޾ǹ⣬Сħɻ۶γεǹС
ҵĻĳţĿУСħɵ촽޳񾱣Ůϵǵ̺졣
ȫСħΪһ壬Сħɶԣջ
СħԪ֮Ѫյĺ龫Ԫʯ̥ӡеȣǿɾļ룬еڻ֮ͨУΪã
ǱĬĸıţԭѵľұǰӽʵĹһ㾧ӨĹ󣬰ڱ̻̫õս飬ڴͻƣ

һ߿Сħ֮䣬ɳӰХķɫӰҲ֡зϷ顣
Ӱϳ棬ڷӰϣֻдĺɫ棬ء
ϢСħĻ桪𡣡
һ̣Ի˸εԭڻ⾳ϵ裬ǵأһ㣬Ѿͣ˺ܾá
ʲô򣬶ԽؾԽ򣬶һΣСħ꣬ޱĽ֮УСħڷ֮УĻ⾳ֱƵضȥ
ǣ
ͬʱ£Сħɵ磬Ҳŷ츲صı仯ԭ߽飬¿أ޾ǹͰޱע뵽Сħɵ֮УƬأ
۳Ԫƣ̶Ԫ꣡
Ԫ֮£︴գľݻ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬֥˲Ρڶݣеݻ飬ʵǻһװֵĴޣ˵ϣԪ֮лıܡ
Сħɣͻڣ
Զͬߵڣ۾ԪϵĻСħɱ˿
ͻƵĹУСħɵԽԽȣȣݵ޷ݵĿУڵͺһͷųԼ
Сħץסıһ̣ȫ죬·Ҫȼ˫ۣĿ룬ƺΪܣƺΪʹࡣ
Ҿúȡ
СħҵץԼ壬ջĳһʱѪţ뱧סСħɣꡣ
ȻԺлĸо鲻ԾСħɸոͻȣǲǣΪȵ̶ֳȣʶЩģˡ
֪̽Сħɵ壬ʱˣСħɵ磬徭֮УŻ棬ɻ֮ԽԽƺҪСħɷٻһ㣡
ҲϹŷһԱע˾ѪȻڵĲ֮Ѫ˲٣Է廹˽⣬ʱˣСħζʲô

ˣСħʱȻҪ


1533 Сħɵ
ǷһҪɱ䣬֮󣬷˵ȫڻзٳɻҽԡǰǿ󣬶һõһǾܹƵȼվѪ
ˣؼΨһһֿȼվѪǾѪȴôҲղղƾһ˾ע֮Уվһ㣡
ͬķˣһе̴ҲͬÿһΣ˶øǿѪһЩķˣһУֻΣķˣ֮ʵҲ𣬶ǽڰ벽֮䡣
һЩ˵УӵѪķˣһҪẈ̂Ŵ֮󣬿ɱ
СħȫԽԽȣޱȣգСǻһƬ
֪̽Сħɵ壬ֻСħɵ֮Ѿ棬Щ治ϵĳȫѪ֮УոѪҺպ
һĻƤ̣ɣԽǿķѪڵ֮𱬷ʱԽǿֲСħɵӹɣ̣ھһ١
Һȣ̡
Сħʶģ˿ãȻ֣ץסĸ첲˳һ͵Ļ

һ̣·ʧˣͨҪˮСħɣţֹˮ
ʱڻԪ칬֮⣬ڤӵĹѾ
ȫѪɫ԰ףȻѾ;ƿݵ״̬ҧһѾµľſǳǷһ˿Ц
ǵҲζͻƵǱʧܵıԵ
ĵϾҪʧܣҿ㻹θҶһ죬Ѿȵ̫ã
ڤͷɢŲǣղ˵ʩչħ֮ͬʱԪ칬ͼǹ⣬Ѿվˡ
Ժڽŵأվ壬֣ʧܣǹӦóʧôô΢һ˿
ڤӿƺҪʧƫƫֵľſǳ΢΢üأѾӮˣʧܣȻ⵽ɣͼԿٵ³һܲңڵѾȫѪһϢˣãҾ͸ټһѻ𣡡
ڤţһöҩϷһ˿Ѱĳ죬ȻöҩѪǳ浤ҩһ˵ֵҩмĸãؼʱ̣ʹá
µҩ֮ڤӵһа׹⣬˫ӡһʺѪ˳Ԫ칬ӡ
¡¡
Ѫ뵽Ԫ칬֮УۿҪӡСħɡ
ڤӣ
Ŀһ˿޵ĹâȻһȭöʺѪ֮ϣһ̣ȫںΪһֻһ죬Ѫѿֻһ𣬱ƽ궯Ѫ
һһϲоԼѾˣûͻƵǣ;Ԫϵõ˴ȵ

Ҫ̣Ҫʲôһڿˮһ˫ֲ֪÷
ڵ֮ͨĽӴݵԼڣ磬а֮ںϣ
ںϣΪ⣬ָоͺƲСħһھ̣Сħһ

СħɵͻȻڻˣڻȫҫųĿĹâҵĻ棬ڳõȼա
Щ棬ѾͨĻ̬һ䰵ɫЩʵʣһ
滯ȳ̶Ѿ
֮ԭؼֲĻ֮һĻϵѾ𽥴߲⾳żҲ޷
ȻĪģɻյʱȴһݵĿУԽȫʹֿоԽǿҡ

䴩գСħΧĺ¶˼̶ȣ壬ڻ
ڣҲз֮ѪȻƷԵ΢Ȼ֮ǰȡСħɵԪ֮Ѫķ֮ѪҲʵķԾ˵ϹŷκһˣѪ̶ȶİٷ֮һ
ڣСħɵ֮ڵķ֮ѪҲȼ磬̻٣
̣ɣԽѪǿķˣԽˣȻ£ʧܣȴķ˵Ԫǲɱ顣

һķһֻɫķ˳𣬷죡
ֻˣӰСħɵı壡
һ̣СħĻ˷ˣǰ֮壡
̵ĹУСħɵľ񶼵õϴʵһֲٶ
ԭֻǸոͻڣѾﵽڶ壬ֻһڣ
˿ֲΪٶȣΪ֮𾪣Ƿ֮֮Ѫ츳
ҲԹСħɵʵˣֻǸСħɵ̣õĺôСħлõĺôʮ
޾ǿ֮УСħͻȻһĽЦڻϿһ׿Լͦģÿһ֣ÿһҫ۵˲ֱӣ


1534 
СħɾӸ£߸ڿУ壬ϸ𪣬񣬴˿̣裬ȫǻԣͬŮ˭˴ʱСħɣвɱһԲλĸо

Сħɵͷ·һЦһֻСһӣ˽Ļ
ڻŮ㣬֮ĲϢһжã
СħôҲû뵽˫ޣôĺô֮ĵͣͻƿ˵һ
ԽԽãȻѪҲСħڵľɵһ
Сħɱס󣬲ɷ˵ֲĲӣһǣһ֮£һСеƤ˱˺þãķֿ
粨Ŀζζǣǣһﵽ˫ϢͨЧȻЧȵǣǿʮֹϢͨԼųݣ˳Բѣȷ˵Ľǣ
Сħƺûǹͷ˵Ұָоˣһԡ
Сħ˵ţԼǣʱԪ칬͵һһѪӡ
ڤӣ
ѪӡһɲǣСħͬʱֱ֣ӻѪ
ڤӵԪ칬󷨵Ѿûʣˣȫʤ״̬Сħɣɽơ
ɱǧϼһСħҧгݣǸܼǳˣڤԭħʼ꣬޳ħĲֹǳħʼ칬飬Ϊħʼ칬ЧҪСħҩСħܲޣ
һƵǣ֣ɱⲣСħ˵䣬ǿţʵš
СħɸղŵͻƣһһηʵѾͬն
ãҲд⣡һ˫Ŀ֮оⱬʱѾݣ
֮У˾ޱȣѾʼ໥ںϵﾫѪԪʯ̥Լ龫ۻһоۼһ
ν죿ǾܴУ
ɿСħɣһȫŶݼ׿¡
ǣ
ǽڱ죬Ĥͷ֮ϣſǶĹâȻҪٶȶԵǷ
ǣѾ̫̫ãڳʱҲѣһۡ
ڵȵһ̣Եƣ
ˡ
֮Уһ·ֳͷγ˾ǵͼ
ͼ֯γһžѹ
׼һȫɽһ緢
ʮڽʮڽʮڽ
һֱƽʮڽͣʱȭɽӣ˺գ
Ե䡪ˣ
ʮڽ԰طʩչٶȷڽأ
ϹʱһڽһضĳƺǾһ֮
ⲢָһǰڽֻһݣΪߵһͻưڽͻᷢʱ䣡
꣡
һȭʵʵĺھǵͼ֮ϣ
ǵͼҵ·Ҫ̼һ㣡
һĿĵƣھǵͼи֣򣬱ͽ˺ѣ
˺һ֮΢ǹŵƵѿڻҫϣǹ壬ת֫ٺ̼䣬оԼѪǿʵ
Щǹ⣬·Ҫ۵Լڵĳһ
һΣǾĵǾ磡
ֻһЩǹ⣬ͻôôܰյ伮˵һǳ壬ҵǿȣﵽʲô磿ſǳȫ֮Ун֯ɵͼ𶼲Ҷ֣
һ̣ӿһɺ飬֮·ǰ;ޣ޷⣡񣬶յ㣬ҪԽһУ
ǣ
սȭͷǽڱ죬һڶȭҳ
¡
ͼȱٶ˺ѣǹйĸࡣ
̰ǹ⣬׳һȭһȭĺֱֱ飬˫ȭȾѪ
ǵͼ򣬷ͬһ㣬һ֮ͼҲ޷ȻĽƿ
ÿңѪӿʱ֮У͵֮ữһһӰתһܣһϢʱ˳ࡣ
Ѿ˺˾ųɣһ㣡
Ŀ¶⣬ԽսԽ£˵ǻһɣʵһɵĵͼǽʵҪ俪ҪĴѪ֮
ʱڻԪ칬֮⣬ڤֻԼͷ֮ϣǸǻԵȣȸղǿǧٱ
еһԻƾǳǷһĹԣĲ
ôôܣ
ڤӾˣѾƵ;ĩ·ΪϧԪѪðպΪԶ޷ķա
оԼһֶΣѾõ˼£ʵϣЩֶ֮ǰȷʵȡ˲ЧԭǹѾȫۿҪû˭ҲϵΪͻȻǧٱ

ڤӲаҧҧִֽȡһöҩֱ
ѪӡһööѪ
ЩѪħʽڤĿ壬еѪ˻Ԫ칬
ڤѪʽ̣ǿÿ£ͨôȥѾ˸ɡ
ʱڻԪ칬֮УЩѪֻǷһ˿ЦûлԪ칬ڤֱ֣ȻֵڻԪ칬֮УڤһУǰ׷ѡ
ȭ
ʮڽӳȭǡϼص˿꡶ϼص˿߾磬Լϸ˿һȭȥֱӽĿ껯ɳ
ڣѾй֮޲ˣ
һȭһѪϣԪ칬󷨴˵Ѫֱӱӡ
һȭһȭеѪ飬һҧȫ£Ѫȼգ֮𣬳˾ǵͼ
ưɣǣ
ʱͬһȼյǣһȭһȼžѪעȫνǺޱһ
꣡
ȭͷ޻ڵĺ˾ǵͼӵ㣡
һ̣ǵͼڳˣſǳȫǰ
ǿĳȫѪע⣬ֻҪͻƵǣǿǹ֮ϴ֮£һжḴԭҲﵽ۷״̬
׼ƾڵķֱȥ


1535 ǳ
ûǳʵ塣
ܷǳ̫һĴò񶼲ܽͨ˵֮ҲֻƶǣҪƶ̫ǰĴǸǲܵ顣
ǵǳʮط֮һľÿһǵ࣬ӦϾſǳԴʮǰش֮󣬵ΪֹֻлԪ˵ǣǵڶ
ٽƾǣſһֱһߵĳ׹򣬶ڹ룬һȭͷСĺģƾǾڡ
ǰǳعľҪģǽǳѪ֮С
һ̣Ŷݼ׿£ԪתʮڽȻһץֱץƾǣ

֣׹֮Уܵ˿µѹȸУ·Ҫ˺ѡԽ׹ĺģɳȺѹԽǿңеѪⶼҪ鿪
ǹΪͼΪ﷫ƺ棬ʵһ죡
ͺһһץסǳģ
һ̣оԼַ·𱻽ŨҵҺ֮УѪⶼڱʴţһǿȲߣһ˲䣬־ͻڳɰ׹ǡ
תԵ䡷ǳĵԵ䡷ܷʥʥϹżҵħʱһֵĹֻвбƷѾ˵壬ڵ򣬡Ե䡷Ƕ幦ΪĵѾʧˡ
һץסǳͻҳ壬ƺҪһоγɵǳһ㣬ޱȡ
֮·ŶݼסΪ巨Ҳʮ취֮һΪλᱻı䣿
в⣬ֹĸı䣬ʮ취һһ㡣
֮·նϣϧ
һ̣ǳķУֱȥ
һʱ䣬ֻоһ޷ݵ뵽Լ֮Уֱû硣
ǹڱǹоԼ·ҫ͸ˡǹϴڵҲڱţϵľϵ
֮µǹ⣬Ŀʵˮ֫ٺ磬龰Եǵ棡
Ĺ̲֪˶ãʱеȫʹʱоޱȣǳĹȻɣҲûоʲôΣգҪΪĸʵ̫ʵǿʮǰǵߣҪǿ࣡
ǳǳΪıԭǿԣҲʲô
֮У˿ǳȫûˣÿһë׶ſĿǹ⡣
ǰ壬øͻƾʱҪ̥ǣ軻ѪḶ́ڼ䣬ڵʶ๸ųѪ繯һصѪ
ڣͻƵ֮ǰѾϾһ˿һʿšѪҲΪĲ֮ѪͷԪѪٻ
ﲻ̶ֳȣȥͻƵǣ
ͻƵǣҲھѪĹ̡
ĵǣԾǹ⣬ϴڴ覵֮ϣ̷
˵⡢ࡢ׽͹ǡ徳ǿߵ
šššššššŵİŶݼףھǱ
ôǣߵ̷ߣӵжʮ
ǧ;ͬ飬һ֮·Ʋʮ취ʮγɵĸ
ʱƣƾǾȫֽ⿪貵ǹ⣬Уһֵͼ
ǹѻڵͼ֮ϣͼΪһ
ķнǣһׯϵĸоͬʱǾӨ͸ɡ
ĵɵһ̣Ҳζͻ˵Ǿ磡
ʶΣԼ磬̤˵֮С
һ̣ȻתһƬµ磬ޣһص֮е龰ƺһУҪȴȥء
ȻѾγɣڲտգͼȫҲζţڵǵΡ
λĵҲϸ
Ŀ˸ϸŴ֮һ
˵ã۾ǳڶʱڣԪǿȣԴﵽı˾ű
֣ȡߵĸ͵ǿȡ
ΪϸԴߵھǹ⣬·ΣҲ͸֧ߵǵǵǿڣ
žѪȼ߱Ѫ֮ȼյֱ̫࣬ߵԴ޷ڻָһȣˡ
ϸ׿ɲǣȫ޷Թģǹ֮ڻ۳УҲŵţ
ӼʮڽͻͽƲɵƣͻһ֮һӣ
ϸĿζһԣҲһشķԾ
߸ھǿ֮У˫ĿĬĬĸɱ䡣
ǡǵǣ
ֻоԼͶ֮䣬ȫԪӿ糱ǹ壬Ѿһʮڽϣ
ҪԵ䡷ӵַͳһ֮óԵ䡷һ۾ǳ֮ıǻﵽĳ̶ȣ
ǣͻˣڤӡõˡ
һ̣Ȼ˫ۣĿ֮Уɱ˸


1536 Դ
ʶ˳ǳռ䣬Сħɵһʱӭס
Ҿ֪ɹ
ʱСħɣѾûһɫȹ˷ȫɢһǵɬŮζǶһɷġ
ͻƵǣֵõСħԪ֮Ѫ֮ϴͣʵһ㡣
Сħɣͻһ˷״ʵȣ
ǸղŶ̶̼ʱСħɣѾ̥ǣͬն
ȫ̺ſµһȲҪйĸо
ɶǳȥ
ΪʵԵĹϵСħɵĳƺҲ֮ĿڣСħǣ֣ԹԵĸʱ
ڻԪ칬棬һڵǣ
Ȼһ㣬ûСħɺ£ȼһս⡣
ս
۹Ž˭
ʱڻԪ칬֮⣬ڤӿѾʧľſǳɫ
һʱ֮ǰԭѾΪľſǳͻȻޱǵеƾǣֱҹһ㡣
ΪˣڤңϧطľѪħӡΪԪ칬ڤҲ֪ԼĹûЧֻǿſǳҫ˺ܳʱ֮󣬾ȥȫʧ
һĻöɵڤüͷ֪׷ʲô
ǣѾ֪ûͻƣڵǵĵ伮ѾʧڤӸ֪Ƶǵʱᷢʲô
ۿھʧڤΪӦͻʧˡ
СӣħתĵǣҲŪ󣬿ҪͻƵӣҺãҵħѪרͻʱԷħЧĻ˵ıСͻƳɹˣ
ڤа㣬оƲӦġ
ڵ˵ѾΪħѪ䣬ټͻƵʧܵɶһϢˡ
һۻԪ칬ֵɹ񹬣ɱǿ֣Ҫʱƿܡ
ڤǷһ˿Цôõıȴʹֻܿеľ񹩸ǱⱦҾͰˣϵܣҲҵģҾ㹶ӲдգҴϢָ״̬Ԫ칬裡
뵽ѻ̽ȫܣڤ⣡
Ϊɱʮ֪˲֪ٴۣǶȥһ֣ʧ˾ӪڤʥأȼɾѪԼʵ
ҿѪСħأǰ֮壬ķѪҲǷе壡ҽɵҩһѪأһܴ󳬳ԭ۷״̬·СħڤƽĻԵ
ܳɹɱȷʵڤҪһתۣ̳Уδɾڻ£ڤ𺣬ĻʱҲ̲ס鲨֣
ʹϢ֮󣬻ָȫʵ칬ʮþȣ
ȻеҪɱڤҲûеһʱ䳢ȥƿԪ칬󷨣ҪȵԼָ״̬Żɱͼˮ©κηᡣ
ֲһ󷨣Ԫ칬ΧʱڤӿѾ֮ڽӡ
űΧĻԪ칬ڤǷһʤĻȣʱϵı齩סˣĿŻԪ칬󷨱˺ѿһɫװ꣬һȹŮ˳ˣСħɣ
ʲô
ڤһʱԼ۾ѾĻҪԪ칬󷨣СħɾȻԼˣ
ѵ֪ȥԴУԴԼʱƴһ
ľûã
ڤѾǿ֮ĩȫ˲ϾǴͶ䣬ǳĴڣôᱻǿɱ
ķڤҲ£֮ǰǱ䲻͵Ϯ˵׼ȫ󷨽һķܸıս֡
СħɣȲҪô⣡ڤӴЦȻţȴ裬ԤˣʲôУȻڤоͬʱСħɵΪȴһ
СħҲͻˣ
⵽ô£
ڤие˼飬Сħɲǰڵӣô롢֮Ϊô̵ʱڣ²ƺܸĵرҲܰΪô죡
㾹ȻҲͻˣܺãܺãı䲻ʧܵ³Ψһܸıģҩʱ򣬿ѪֲҿյѪ
ڤӿСħɣЦ
ֻǿСħɵͻƣȴûпͻƣǣԭڤⲻ˵ľ磬δΪǰŶݼ۷塣
ҲĸеСħƺǿ˲٣ȫ䱸ĵˣʲôУǵʵʤ
ڤӣҲ·ͷҩٺ٣ȥι
Сħԣ˿ãڤɫ
ǲ֪
ڤһһöҩĿУ֮ٶȷһ˿֮ɫԭյѪƺҲʢ
ʣиõҩԵöˣպɼӰ졣
һĻЦѾҪҩսĵزôֱۺֶˣûϣǿٲң಻飬Ҿ׼ʱ򣬻ɱ㣡
˵ȫԪתһӴ纣һ㱬
ڤͫһɫıԭʵһЩֲøҳˣΪƾ˻ңǾ̫棡㿴ڴʵҽյѪϵõ
ڤȻֽеĺɫ̤գһնһնͬʱڽ֮ƺӿ޾Ķħͬʱһһɿµڤӽħ⾳ʽ֮У
ۿڤһնȴǲܣ׼ڤӵĽ⣬һȭ
һɲǣﵽһʮڽĿ¾ĳһ֮
꣡
ֻһ죬ڤӽ޾ĺâֻһξסӣ˶ûһ
ʲô
ڤд𣬸ղŵһΪ˼ˣʲôУֻ΢̽ûþȫ̽ԵĹҲǳˣҲ벻Ȼôͽֽޱȡ


1537 սڤ
ʵǵڤӵɫˣȻѪģ䣬ձһ˲ն۷ʥڵΪôɵˣ
Ȼ˵ڤӸղֻɹγȫʵ
㡭ڤ촽Ĳţ뵽һ˼ĿܣֻܣܶԸղŷһĽͣ
㡭ͻ˵ǣ
ڤӿĿһ˿η֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣµϢ
ԭڤԴΪЭͬһͨ벽һӡ򵼣һ벽ǿݣ׷ɱһڵߣǼֱ˵ǻ֮鴫ȥԻᱻЦɱţ
׷ɱǿһĽòôݣ
Ȼ˺ݣ׷ɱĽȴʼδ
ȣųư˿߳ĵطȻ߳ˣһĺôһͻ
׷ɱĺ˵Ȼ΢һҵһžܲ
ǣأʩչֶΣԼµսһһɱ
˵֮ǰȥĻɱܴˣǷеĴĻôڤӣ֣£伫£ڤӲϧѪŽشԪ칬֮УʩչħѪ䣬Ҫħһغ
ȻʵĽǣڻԪ칬бչأֱͻ˵ǣʵﵽǰδе۷壡
֮ض˸᲻Ϊеˣ
ڤǴҲˡ
ȻѾһȴѾԪˣɱСħɣպֱܻӵͨ磬ͬԪպΪѽ粽ڤ˵ɱܣ
ܱտռ֮У
ããڤĿأ˵֣ȴһҲûУ۷״̬ƾͻƣѹƣڣȴȫûаˣΪ֪ߴﵽǾ磬׻ǿʲô̶ȣ
һ㣬նûУΪʥ岻޵ǣиףʺ˿˵ʮ죬Ҳֻһ˴ﵽ˵Ǿ磬ֳɾͣɸƣ
ûаյĵˣڤֻȫԸ
˫ȻһչγһħӰΧԪħ۶
ǴѾ̶ֳȣʩչǿʽ
ڤȻ׳Լеĺɫ·𻯳һߣߣվ䵽ħӰС
ڤӣħӰ
һĻһݣʶڤӵͬѰͼΪŹ֣ߵȳȴխҶһԷʦΪλƳ͡
ۿħӰ𽥻ûʵĲ²⣬ħӰܸڤٻģǱӡڽģ
һ̣ڤͻȻȻһȭԼؿڣѪħӰϣħӰڤӵѪ֮ʵ
龰ͷһȻ֮Ѫħ˵У׹ʦԼ֮УѪιڤͷųħҲƵΡ
ħ֮ūҾģΪұشʱʹãܷӳ۷ʱɵսȥɣ
ڤӴһħӰֱ˶ħɿµĻɫںɫ֮ϣֱ
սĶħ֮ū
ڤӵĿЦСħд󾪣ֶΣȻôҲû뵽ڤӾȻĺ֣ħӰĹħͿԤ֪ǿ
൱ڱսĶħôס
СħҡһɲǣǶħ֮ūһСħɳһɿµħһƺ⣬ֱСħɵľ֮⾹֮ǰڤʩչħѪ
û˻Ԫ칬󷨵ħѪ֮ǰǿʮֹ
Сģ
Сħ񼤵Ҫħһɲǣ羪һСħɶը죡
Ȼ֮йעˡľϵ֮סˮһСħڵħѪ
ħ֣
һǹɨǹ黭ͼֵͼ֮Уӡħ£
¡¡
ͼתͬһ޴ĥһѹֱӽħѪѹ˷飡
СħͷȻһŰħ
д󺧣ղڤӵĵ
թģԪٵСħɶ
СħһɲǼ˼
ڤӣһħ֮ūԼ˵ʱóӭУħ֮ūڵʵûڤôǿ
ɾڤ֮ǰѾȼվѪĶħ֮ūʵĻȼվѪ
Ҳ˵Ҫôڤ֮ǰѾùħ֮ūԸ󣬵¶ħ֮ūԪˣѾʵޡ
Ҫôħ֮ūɴڤӴġ
ôֻһǾСħɵһ˲ĶҡħѪСħɵľ֮շħ
ڤҪԸ㣬ķѪֲԸң
ԪٶСħаݣڤӣ̫ˣ
ҲСħɲС˵ʵڤݵ̫棬ټľ磬˺صĵơ
¡
ʱħַһ죬ħѪɷĩ֮󣬼̶ħ֮ūѹ˹ȥ
̤գ̧֮Уȣư磡
ֳַѪǹֱָħ֮ūüģȵ֮ħħֻ֣أΪҽΪã
ģ
ħ֣һֻµķɾһתħ֮ū˺ѷε˻壬ħи
СħĲħ֮ūԭȷʵڤ۷״̬ɵʵҲǿ󣬵֮ǰڤΪ󾡿ƿ󣬶ָٻ˶ħ֮ū¶ħ֮ūԪģʵѾԶǰ
СħۿŶħ֮ūиͬһ֮ԣҪħ֮ūħе龰вòս
Сħͻ״֮ʵҲû̫࣬ʵս飬ħʼ칬СħɣԶڤվ֮еˣͬʵСħзӳսЧԶ
ͬʱСħҲһɶ״֮飬֮Ůӵ޿ƥе츳״δҪɾ񣬶һʱǿƵԶƺԶվԼǰСħɾԵıĪİȫС


1538 
ˡ
ħ־ҵתۿҪڤӵĶħ֮ūи
ħ֮ūڤӾģ൱Լޣһױɱڤʧ
ħ֮ūԪ񣡣
ڤӴһһ̣Ǳħѹиħ֮ūӰһǲиħֱ֣ɱ
꣡
һ죬ħ֮ūħһ룡
ѾֳĶħ֮ūȫȼգһĻɫƶ
Ƕħ֮ūƴһһ֮ħ֮ūͻҷ𣬲ٴڤǵͬöħ֮ūͬھ
һԼޣȫϽƣ˵ڤӵĶħ֮ūڤһȫڤƿأƴһܲһУ
һ۷ʱڤӱʵĶħ֮ūѾ;ƿݣޱȿֲһž
꣡꣡꣡
Χʮɿռ䣬ȫɫһ䣬ڤ̫ˣֱԼ˶Լޣȼȫ
һɲǣͻȻоͷһ𣬱ħ֮ūסͬʱǰ
һϵпµĻԼڤãȥȫΪ裬СħҲڤӼۣĿ˵ҩٽԪڤǧܾ꣬ĥʹҷ
Ļһ˲Ժľ֮ʹļ˺ѿ
ħ
ͷһħ֮ūҲħйأȻܹӰԼħ
ħζô֪־ᶨҾħħ֮ūһϹǿȥ֮еִݻɵģõʱĨȥǣΪãҲָɱ㣬ܽ㹻ˣ
Ϲǿִɵħ
һߵħ޷㣬һޱȾµĶڶޱȿĶ
ִ˵˾ǿһǿеִȻʵ˸е˼飡
ħ֮ūȫȼԼһסҲסСħɣ֪ǰֶǻ󣬵ҲѴħаѳ
֮壡
СħХһ˺ѣֻ޴ķûչ
һ̣͵ĺɫ纣һСħӿħ
ڻ𣬼ﵽ˻ϵĵ⾳
ڤһݣСħҲһʡ͵ĵƣʵñ٣ôȥħ֮ūҪСħúչˡ
ڤЦһȻѾӽϵ⾳ˣϵͨͨҲˣһԾ˽ܣǽ죬עҪˣ
Ӱ߽
ڤͻȻǱһ˸ߵĺɫСħɱϮһɲǣɫ˴ķģЩѿĹ꣡
ڤӣԼĺɫԱ
ɫͬҲڤϹؾеõ鱦ѾڤԼ׽һͷ̫ޣȡ˺ɫ顣
ֻʱ䣬ȫѾ뽣һ
ΪڤӰõģټѾȫƾɫԱ
鱦Ա󣡾һ룬Ԫ칬Աʲôһǳᱻը٣
ȻڤеĺɫƷԶԪ칬ˣɲֵܹ˵ģһ鱦ԱСħɵ٣
վ˵㣬֪ͻƵǣʵͻͽȴǿ֮ĩѡʱǿңռʱȻΣǵΪ̫ԶѾ;ƿݣвֶνɱھҵĶħ֮ūӰ߽Ϊ˳ɱ㡣ֻҪɱ㣬ҵһʧõ
ڤһνǾļ㣬ıѾãĶħ֮ūӰ߽ǼʧۣΪƶϵֵܼԶԶߣ
ۿӰ߽ϵķ£ڻԱȴ޻֮ɫЦڤӣôƶоܣֲֵʧһУȻˣҾ㿴ϵܵʲôɣ
һϯ˵һݵƣ·Ҫִأ֮ϡ
ڤҲһϹоܣǵ׻ʲô
ɴ۾ȫעͬʱҲƴ߶Ӱ߽еԱɲ޴Ϊ˿ܣѵĹʱ
ѵĴУ
ڤԺлͷȡõĳɾǰĴжʲôϾĶҪһ֮ȥģǾ͸ˣ
ôඥĴˣҲûһܱȵġ
һ̣磬һɲçϵĴ֮ɢʱ·һɲǻص˹ŴΪģһɫУ
ϸ
һ֮Уһ̻Ի͵ĵֳ֮Ĺ񷶥һɲʧˣһƬ޾ǿգ
޾ǹ⣬ɺƺǺ֮ˮ۶ȫ磡
һɲǣȫ
ɷȫעһɫ
Իɣħ
̤ڶ壬ƵǣѪ϶Ϊһ˽һ˳״߶ħ
Ҫ֪Ľܷѩǰ벽ȻΪĽܷѩΪ츳ڣʵҪԶ벽ʱĽܷѩ߶ħȻҪħ߶£ҪȼѾȵĽܷѩˣ
Һɫ壬ɳлתıһطģ˿һۣ·˽ȥ޷԰Σ
ƺҺɫУ̺һ棬ޱ޼ʣ޷̽
ǡǡ
ħֵһ˲䣬СħɻûʲôӦڤȴĪ¶֮ɫ
ħħôܡôУ㡭㡭Ȼ
ڤָ𾪡־塢ŭ
Ϊ֮󶯸ɸ꣬ķ˴Ѫ׷ĶȻõˣΪƷܷʥأɱܷʥصϽܷʥʥŮȴΪ˼£
ܲŭ
֪ˣǸĽܷѩҲûɣħҲһĽܷѩ
ڤҵĲţ·һ㣬ʧ̬ڤӣСħɴоȣɫ嵽ʲôôڤ˷Ӧ


1539 ħ
ֻǴ˵Сħɻ֪飬Ϊ컯ʥӽ䵱óԭħϿСħɲ֪ǵ֣ҲûһȨ˵ڲͬʷʱڣͬ棬˵ͬ
ڤħ֣СħҲȫָ֪ʲô
ħƣ
һħУͬɾһתħ֮ūγɵħֱӱħ˺ѿ
ģ
ħ֮ūһ˲䣬˺ѷεĲҽУȻվı䲻˱ħɵˣ׻һɻɫȡħ֮У
ħ֮ūԭħħꡢһĶȫڡС񡱵УħƵģ
ħȡħ֮ūҪ̫򵥣
ҺɫħתţСħɣ˲ָɣЩħӰҲ̼ʧΣ
һ˲䣬ڤӵɫҪѿжѿȫĿѣ
ԭˣԭˣû뵽û뵽ħȻõˣǷ̣ҷѾĻıΪ˰вĶȻϣȴ֪
ڤޱȵĺޣ֪ħУСʱҵɱǸжã
ڤӣˣ죬ҽɱ㣬ΪԼҲΪܷʥȥǧԩ꣡
Լȫȫע뵽ħ֮У
һʱ䣬·ǳΧһж˻ҺɫĿռ䣬ڤֻоһɿµԼ֮У꣡
ħСʱħýǱֳԼľ֮ͼʱħŻ
ڣʵ߶ħʱ򣬾ѾȫͬˣħֱĲٿأˣµ˵걻Ҫܵħĳ
ɿ͵籩֮УڤֻоƮҡҶҪ뿪
ȻһʱԿӰ߽Աˣҹؼǣڶħ֮ūķѾӰ߽ԱҲȫԶ㿪
һû˵װʧԼ鱦
ʱͻɽһڤֱ˶ȫϸ۾ֳַѪǹǹֱȡڤ׼
ħ
֮ó顷һ֮еһУһ似Ծӳʩչˣ
ۿһǹռ䶼ѹ飬ڤɫ䣬һٻӰ߽ΣĺǿٱƳɵľѪֱӰ߽ϣӰ߽ڤӵľѪ֮󣬱˺ںɫ
һʱ䣬ħХޣ
ħΣĽܷѩȼ꣬ûܽңҵʵѾǰͬն
ڤӿһֳӰ߽һն
һѾڤ״̬ǿһҲ͸֧һ
һɫĮȫһʮڽطǵ֮
¡
µըرڤֻоһ޷ݵľײϣھֱ飬Ӱֱ߽ӱˣ
ʲô
ڤӿУĪȻµ֮ǣȴû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣԴǳ
ƾʹﵽ˿ֲľ磬ټԪԪĸԿĸоͬһ̫ž
ɣ
Хһ˫ֳǹڤ飬һǹ£
һ̣ڤƴתռ䷨Ҫ㿪һǹȻһʱ䣬޴Ѿÿռռ䷨ˣ
ڤĿ쵽˼ĿһǹԼԴ
ʱ·ʱһŨҵľͲӿڤӵļ䣡
̫ǿˣͻƵǵѾӭսټħĸʵѾΪһͷţǵһ
صһ˲䣬ڤƴŤͷ­ǰصڤӵҼ֮ϡ
꣡
һ죬֮ĿֲкڤӵϣĻԪֱӱ飬ҰĹͬϲһѣ౬飬Ѫɽ
һǹӲҿڤӵİӣ˺ҷΣڤһ룡
һɲǣڤӵͫʧȥ˽࣬Ұ嶼ĴţѪȪӿ
ƽʱôصˣҲ۵ڤӵĴҲܳܡ
οڣڤѾ;ƿݣ֮ǰȼվѪطôصˣֱӴԴ
Դ˵ĸһ飬ôܻպҲԪ޶࣬ǳˡ
㡭
ڤӲЦѪζû뵽һǰҰĲɱ룬ԴΪ׷ɱڵΪһĻԵȴ䵽³
׷ɱˣǽҲã벽Ҳãȫһһɱ
ˣħǿߵĴУһֱħһ£
ȻһУ֪ˣ׷ɱˣˣΪһеĹʵѾǹһľͷ
ۣ
ڤ³һѪҪ˵ʲôվֻǿѪĭ˵
ʱһȭֱӺڤӵʺϣ
˿Ԫ˲佫ڤӵĺǡ׵ͬ࣡
ڤӵͷ­һĽǶɹŲʵĲЦǳ
ȻѪǹǹɨֱնڤӵͷ­
ﵽʮ꣬ۿ̤벽𾳽磬δɳһۣɱͷ­ƤһڵϹţ˫ĿɵùԲĿ


1540 䶨
ڤͷأСħɻּȲʵĸоʮʱ䣬־䣬νǴ䣬žվգ˵ʵԾһ󲽣׷ɱǵһһɱһ㡣
Сħоʮľ֮ǰоҪḻ飬պͿ̹ĵľ
վ֮£СħֻǣȻˣѾջⲻָʵΪ棬ͬСħɵǡõ˼ߡ
ٿһһУǺʵĶǸǲˡ
СħɴŲµһϰһӵʱ䣬Ļ¶ȹĥ¡սɱ
СħͻȻãڵȡ˳ɾҲֵˡ
Ȼ½߳ƽϰҪ˷ֲȣֱ϶ԱˣȻѣ񻰣ľԼʮƴɱĲƸĥ³÷ԿຮӵеЩԶܱġ
˵ʮ꣬һˣʵһҲ˲֪ٻˡ
ȻСħڵĳɾͣҲ벻ͻԵȻǵڤӿħʱһ˲ķӦ
ǶʲôСħг˺档
ʱѾߵڤӵʬ֮ԣڤӵֽ䣬˫ӡһĵͼǰֳ
ħ֣
ʲôɹ·˵һҲǳɱ¾һħ˵ͬʱҲյ˵ľΪԼá
һʱ䣬ڤϽʣľȫħֳ룡
ͬɱǺɢڿռеľҲħֻ۶
ЩڤӺͻɱħȡǣôٹʮʱ䣬Щܷڰ֮ĹУͻݻûǣֻ֪ɵĹЩҲؾĹΣյ
һоħУȻͲˡ
Ϊã
һָħֵľȫԪʯ̥
ľʺЩȻҲΪǻ۵ĶˣǻԪʯ̥Ĺڣģʲô˼ɡ

һ˲䣬еľעԪʯ̥ڣԪʯ̥ȫǽ죬ļĤ䶯ţѪȫգ̺Ԫ
Ԫʯ̥幹죬ʥ壬רΪ
ҲʥƣԪʯ̥Ϊ磬ʵʥΪһЩ
һ벽һľԪ֮Ԫʯ̥ڵתԪʯ̥ԭӵеΪȻûκ谭һС硣
һ㣬Ԥϡ
Ԫʯ̥൱ףĪ˵ʥСʥʥҲƿ
ΨһԼΪģԼΪΪ㣬Ԫʯ̥ʵߣͻƿҷ˵ȷöĻҲ޷ƿǿԪʯ̥
һУһڤӺͻɱ֮ǵľԪãʵùҡ

չʱСħգ۾
СħɵһŲµСħʲôЦʣʲôħ𣿡
Ҿ֪ʲôҵķһ½ƽߣɳһĵһţСħ˵ţ۾Ǻ֮ɫһתЩìܵ˵־㻹ǲҪҵĺãӦܰɣҵĻ
Сħɽϵúܳ˵䣬һֱ
΢΢֣ص˵ȷҵܣߵһҲȫħԭħֻǰҶȹʱǶҳ̤֮·Ϊѵһӡ
ҼȻڤӶսʱóħû㣬δ·гҲӵбħˣ
ڵʵѾսʤͨ·ûнڣ벽ʥͻʥսʤɱſǳȥ
ǸʱҲԪ֮ţֱӲٿػԪ칬ˣƾ鱦׷ɱҲδɱ
״̬µĿݺ򣬿δĴ֮Уһչ֣
̧֣ҺɫħģתţصϢ
˵ɶħʮһ¥żȻõģʱǼ¥
˵ţʱСħͻȻס졣
Ц˵˵ˣңܸңҾѾˣȻ棬ҲҪ֪
Ǵ·ȥҿ϶Ҫħʼ칬ҵĸף֪ǵ飬»ᲪȻŭټ컯ʥ֮ǰҵĶ飬ϵֽĻ˵㣬պ֪ᷢʲô֪ħܣȻҲй¶ȥ˲طϻϤʲôй鱨
СħɿǵúܳԶˣĬã˵㣬ζҪħô
Сħɲħ壬У˭Ҳ֪
Сħ̾һ˵ͷǣҪȥҵ塭
Сħһ뷨ŮӣԴңΪԼϲĶ׵Ŀۣһеȥ׷
ͬʱȴΪ˵ĸӹԼĿ꣬Լ׷
ΣᱳһСħɣҲԼ壬Ȼδδ֪Ͳɲӱܣѡԡ
ˡӵסСħɣ߰ɣ뿪


1541 ǰ·
ǴһƬ˼ԭʼɭ֣ľѾʮ꣬ʮ䣬ΪԶľóĴ󣬶ʮ˺ϱϰ˺ϱڸʰɣ޴֦ҶƱա
ɭ֮УֻءһµǺֱɽ֮еķޣһǺ𣬷׷׷ߡ
¡
һ죬ĳϯһͷĺɫǷķɳȥݺݵײһ˺ϱĴִľϣľײȻϵҶ䡣
ƬɭеľľޱȣҲ࣬һײ֮£ɫֱȥľϷصˤһƬľУѹ֦Ҷ
㶨
һһŮںһд󣬼˸˺ɫǵǰһѾ׼õĺɫ˾ǵüġ
һ̣ͷɫǵ屻һС·ڻϵעɫУ޴徹ȫȫıɫˣʲôûʣ
ţŮеĻ±㻯һɫķģƯڰУɢصħ
ŮСħɣеĻǵ¡
̻꼶֮ġڰħǣ֣
ڰħǸ·ݻģνޣֻҪɱգͻת֮ġ
Сħָһ㣬ĵ˳ȥûСħɵڣʧ
ԴڤһսʱѾȥ˴꣬ʱ䣬СħعһΣж£Щһһɣת֮ġ
֮ǰūͻҲ֮УӴ˲ˡ
׶Ѿûֵ̫ˣҪ·ΧԴ·ĸ㲢˽⡣ʱûнӴϵūӡΪ˻ױй¶һЩϢⲻҪ鷳
ĵѾòˣһͨǿֱӵִ·кΡ
ʱ߳еĴ֮ģǶõСħһһ
ʵջ˵ӽĻҲֻҪһ׷ľ͹ˣڶֻǱá
Ҫȥ·кˣСħ˷ܵ°ͣ·кΣҲνġ·Ҳλ·֮ҪˣǾ·ˡ
·СħɶԲǷи·Ļӵʱ䣬ǾִܵȻһΣСħȴ¡
µʱ䣬Сħһֱսжȹ
ǰСħɸոͻƾ磬ʵͻͽΪʵ̫죬ǵĸʵ
⾳ĻϵʵսϣȵȣһжҪʱĻۡ
żмʮʱ䣬Գá

ݺԶ߽˵ǱŻĹޣټʱմңӣ𶼻ȴ
Ҳ·Χ·ȻֽߣҪ·Ļ޷ͨģֻͨ鲼ڴ֮еļʹ
ڴĶ࣬һУйģİΧνλƫԶ֮еģǶ֣ǴҪǰ·кεߡ
ʣ·Ĵ󣿡
ļߣͻȻһӵȻʮ
ͷһֻһһŮվһŮòʣǰһֻǵſȴ糾ͣȻ˳սͳ;档
ͽ߹ģˣǶˡ
ǵġ
߹Ļش˿ûΪһһŮκηܣϣǺϣܸܵһ޵ɱǾþսɱɵġ
Ǵȥӿ˵ӣȻǺᴩ˰ĵˡ
šõģҪһ㣬ֻܵͨҲǽ·ǲܰͻҪȥҪֶΡ
Ľܵһ߽·ҪȥҪһЩ·Ҫ·ΧϿܶ޷ﵽǾֻһ·ˣȻĳЩ˵Ҳδǻ£֣ܶϲ·ðպ洦ڵɱ
Ĺâͬҵ̫һ̣Сħɣͬͬе߾ʧ˴ģǴԽգĽ·


1542 ĳ
ХҰããܿӳռ䴩ѣаѳڵĻһƬһ޼ʵĻҰΧϥҰݣǣǴ͵ʱǰ죬ȻǺҹΧǺɭɭһƬκι
ڵĻʱ֪ɨܣûʲôޣֻһЩСħһ͵ǡ
Ϊ·ȹ·Χ͵·Ҫ൱Դÿζ뼸ʮ˲Ż
һ𴫹ЩһԲֱչˣҲЩԪʲôȻһ壬·һжעһԾǲԶŮǿ൱ᡣ
ʱһһŮóһ̣ƺ̽ʲô
塭
ü΢΢һŮŵӫ⣬ǻı־
̺ŷḻǲεĻôʱ޿̲ɢŵĹâΪںҹˣͬλõľ顣
һŮüΪ㣬ڸҲΪʵһͬеš
ǵΪǺܸߣΪĻպϣ·¾̫ǿˣԽսҲˡ
ʱеͻȻһ꿴һϲЦԪ˵㣬أ·ĴͲ͵ص㣬ô͵޶ﶼпأβ½صܰȫҾĳǻܽȫ·ĻֻҪʱܵˡ
ĳƺ֪һԻŮǽܣʱ˵ܵܵĻȴ˵ܵһۣû˵ʲôãĳֱ߾Ǻܽ;һɽǵʵɽǿҪƵĻ·;ԶҲܻΣյġ
Ů˵ţü΢
ǵΪȷʵߣ·ߺǿ
̸䣬һ͵·ߴ󶼷ˣֻʣСħ˻ԭأʱûߡ
ǻŮСħһһתкλǺѽ
Ů˵ͷǻӦˡ
λǲûʲôȥĵطǱ͵ƬԭѾʱˣĿĵصͳˣʣСħǻز죬ûȥġ
ûпĬˡ
˵ҪǸһȥĳǣĳǸԲǧĳУƷĻʥضĳǣȥĳǵĻǲϢǽ񣬶Ƿǳõѡ񡣡
ĳǣ
һѵйأ
ǵøƷ׵ʱ򣬻˵Ļ˵Լģūͣкܴá
·ߵʦʦʦ
׵Уߵȼ磬þСˣ·ȴˣջ˵·֮ϣܹӳı仯Ҳʹ·ʦʦĵλ൱ĸߡ
·õʦʦǻ壬Ϊǿټϻ峤ĴУʹĳɾͣԶǿ
ĳǣ֣йˡ
ĳʦĳУ΢΢󣬿ʵ
ѽǰ·һЩʦһʦᣬǽʦĵַѡһʱͨĳʦ᲻ϵʦ׳ľиĽѰʦİ˺оͷչڵĳˣʦдʦʦԼֳסҸҵܵܣ·ȥĳǼʶһͬʱμһʦĿ˻߱ܰʦѧʲôġ
ŮԼʵŸ˽ͬУȻҪ飬ȻҪȡΣԼȥĳǵĿĶ˵ˣ˵֪ΪܵΪߣȴӲҪ·ԭˣԭΪ
ܿеԭίܶˣʦĳǣܵõ㹻ıǵΣյֻȥĳǵһ·ʶСħͬС
ʱ·Χʱ򣬻л򵼣·ز죬񶼲֪ҪȥȥһУ̽һЩϢȻõѡ
ĳǣҲܸȤΪһʦ
̤֮꣬·ǵʱ򣬾ǿ׬ʼԴɹǶѵʱڡ
ºʵߣѾԶԶΪĽŲɶһĸ顣
һСħɣȥĳǵĻΣ
Сħɵɣġ
ǾȥĳǰɣӦ˴˴ͬС
úܿģȻĸоСħΪҲһ㣬Ǳǿ㣬˶󣬺ᴩɽӦò⣬˵䲻ģ˶˾ǿޣֿܵʶС㡣
ҽǣҵܵ硣Ůҽܡ
Ӽɶ
ҲԼ·̫̫ˣοѾɱڤӡ᪵ˣɱ˵صİ֮ĹһʮָɾӦû֪Ҳôй¶ݡ
ֻڽܣСħȴһů΢죬ʵ㲻ӣȻ˫޹һûоٰɻ䣬ǽעҪֿǵĹϵݲŸһЩ
һ·ϣǽ̸ǶĳԽԽ˽ˣУеʦϵ裬ֳ˶ӦƷÿƷҪˣҲжӦ
һöţĳǵĿģ˰ʦѧ֮⣬ҲΪ˱ʤĽƷΪ
һ·̸緢ҲһЩԼļ⣬⣬ѵҲ
䣬ʮ꣬һֱƺΪ硣
ЦЦ˵ǿɣҶֻһƤëǵûȵġ
ħеƬʱĽܷѩɱֱħеЩʵ㲻ʲôǶڤӵ£Ϊձʥûһǻ½磬ȻǾΪˣܸȥ
οУͱ·˦ʮ֣ΪһѾˣΪʵüֵ
·ͬջģŲ˼Ч
֪֪֮Լˮƽĳʲôǡ


1543 ʸ
ǰɽˣ
һǰ߸ʱָ֮ǰһƬڵɽ˵
·ΣյĵطҪ໥ϣЭͬսɽܶ࣬Σյļ֣Ҷ˽ǵ㣬սʱָӡ
ߵɽɽµʱ򣬱óһУ¼ɽĵƣиΣյ޴ŷֲΧ
⵹Щ⣬˵··Ǵȫ״̬û뵽Խô·ϣ꾡ɽ޷ֲͼôϸµĶС
ǵΪߣֻܾܿһЩյأЩطܲѪӥϢأֻܺᴩȥѪӥϹŴѪͳǳ壬һֻǺԸûʲô⣬һȺĻǾֻֿܷˣʱรˡ
˵ҪʵʩսעСħȴ°ͣܶ޵ȣ֪ôõѪЩѪĴȥҲ١
ޣǴ֮Է˶ԣˡ
СħһЦһҵĴжˣȻѪȵ˵㣬ǳԵöˣܹЧġ
ţ˵ʲôû
ûʲô
ʱ֮
ݣ
һХһֻͷڣͨѪѪӥСħһ޳˳򣬷ĲҽС
Сħɵıӣɫ磬Ӱ֮и쳹Ĥ
һ·ߵڣû֣еΣգСħһ˸㶨
ѪӥҲãҲãСħɳ֮£ͳͳ翳вһ㣬Ǻ岻֡

ò㣬ԸЩ翴ȡҾʡս棬ѾųˡOͣСħɵ񾧾ǳ֮ɫ
֮ǰҲȫûԤϵһѾȻͣΪһ·ҪЭͬս໥ϣܶԸ޴ڵΣգû뵽ĽȻӡ
ƣԷ
СħһУֻһĺХһë׵СƹһСħɵ޴˳ˮѪӥ¾ͽһͷٱѪӥ˸ɸɾ
һĻǽܶЩ£Сħ˵ġһҵĴжˡʲô˼ˡ
Сôôܳԣ
е˼飬ôС壬ȴܳôණ
СƹĶӦŮԼޣŮôԼҲһǷˣ˵ʲôĹء
Ǵ˵ţʲôĹ޵ĻٶʳҲˡ
ǲµð˾ŲʮƲǻĹޣѣȻѪԶĺޱϾޣ̰ԵޣԳһأ֮ǳȥ
ۿСƹ޳ԵһɶֽĿתƵϣϣǳء
ܸоСħɶƴӣҲζţʵСħй֮޲
֪ðģʵʵǿЩˡ
Сħɺڣûκƽִĳǡ
ĳǣΪ·˵طԲǧһУƼ˴ʦʦඥ֡
һУȻƻֺ꣬˵ΰɽһĳǽ˿֡
Ȼʵϣĳǲûгǽȡǽһģķ
ͬʱŻԪЧܸоԲʮﷶΧԪջ۵ĳǵĸʹԪŨԪˡ
°빦һôĽˡ
Ȼ󷨣ҲҪ֧֣вһʥأҪ֧ģӴ󷨣Щ׽ĸо
˿ĳǿ¸ͣ
Ҳ֮е飬ʦʦʦԭзǳеĴڣ֮ǰΪһ䣬ûнְҵϣʹЩӵеڶְҵ߽ࡣ
ԭΪĳһأҪɲƵǷѣǷѵ룬Ȼάϵ󷨵ת
Ȼû뵽ǣĳǸǷѣǶԽǵмߵҪ
Сħɽǵʱ򣬱⼸أȻΪߣСʥضܵųˣĳǣȴֻš
ⶨʸ񣡡
ĮһλơҪ֪ĳǵľţǴߣλҲͣǲʵڣ츳ҲãʵӦĳӦء
Ҹҵܵܶʦ
˵ţ˫ڿָ켣ڿһƯķģһҲæˡ
Ա߿һĻԼʮʱ򣬸ոյõħȥ丮ٸͼѰ˿龰ΪٸŮڶ࣬һʦΪͼ޵ɫǣΪڳŵ֤Լʦݣ֤ԼݵķҲڿֻһķ
ʱ˲ͱˣҲĵһμ档
ţ츳صͷ¶֮ɫҲǻǶҲŷǳ˽⣬ֱӿǺ츳Ρ
ˣǴŲʦɡ
ؿСħɶǻ壬Ƕ벻ʦˣϵ츳ԶܸȣЩˣ벻ѡΪʦΪôŬȲ塣
ǲǡȻָӰܹء
¶һϵı飬ֽȡķȼķӡûСħɵ壬Ƭ֮Ƿ߳
ʲôоûж⣬Բ޷ͻȻ÷̽ϲ
ⶨǵΪ͹䡣ĳȻȡκηãҪΪϸ񣬷ŨԪóбˣܽģҪôţҪôǿߣҪôʦʦʦ
ǲǿߣҲʦʦЩָֻˣܽǡֻվӢ
ذȻ˵ţ΢΢һݣֻվӢֲĳʵչôֲˡ
˵꣬˿һ۷ĵĲⶨһʱĿ࣡
ȫû뵽վǰһһŮ
ԭСħɿᣬʵкܶפ֮濴׼ȻķĹᳬһꡣ
һʮ꣬һʮꡭǡ
Ŵͣʮ޵ڣʲô츳츳ҲܲǸǰһһŮˡ


1544 Ŀ
ʸôʵ
УȻУعĵƣԭΪʮ˥ܣ·λߣߵһЩطܵż·ǿߣ츳ﵽһ磬ҲãҲãõء
ػĳˣˣǵﲻġ
Сħ˫˫ʸʱǺСħһۣصľʣʵ츳ֻ±ĻҪǿ
ھҪȥʦῼˣҪȥ￴𣿡
ĳǣ˵ѹϵֹˣȻǺ˶ԣᣬȻ츳ˣʵսȴûʲô֮ܽύСħǿߣȻôˡ
ţȥɡˬĴӦ⵹СħЩ⣬Ԫʲôʱôϲˣѵ뿴·Ľˮƽ׸ʦжô
Сħţҡҡͷ˵ֻ˳ԭȥʦҪԭҲҴ˴ĳǵĿģҵǵ֮·
ǣҪҪ֧֣һǴУҲǹڶԴҲǵҩ
˵֮ǰġԵ䡷ҪǽŶݼ׵ĹؽܵľţͻŵĳͻŵļڡԵ䡷ҵġ
ǹڵǷ棬Ե䡷ȴûмأȷе˵ӦⲿּѾʧˣĽܷѩүүħϹż֮еõġԵ䡷ǲб
ˣȻͻ˵ǣ¸һƬãȻ
顷һҲ֮Щֻ֮Ԫʯ̥ʥ壬޵ĵкܴࡣ
ȱٹһ˵ҩԴ
ھԪϵ棬Եҩǲߣϵȴ뿪ҩ
ɴ迪ʼҪǧö쵤ԵʱС˵ÿһö쵤Ϊ󣬵丮һö쵤Ӳں۷ʮʮ겻̤죬Ϳ쵤ˣ
ߵĴΪʮɣԽӽʮɣѶȾԽ󿿵ħ龧ǿ߳ɵĳ̶ȣħ۹ôԲġ
Ŷݼףһѹһţһ·˺ĵرÿһĵرʱΪϣžֵñ߼󾳽
ͻƵǣԴѻ˼£ƾ˺龫Ԫʯ̥ӡ֧֣ҸǿСħɵԪ֮Ѫ
ߵӣ˵ǵ漣һ㿴ܿе·жѡ
ÿÿ뵽Լſһǣ滹аǣ̾ĸо֮ļᶨҲзࡣ
ǱȻζһֵĻѣˣҲϣҵҩһЩ⣬ͷ۵飡
ԼҲܳΪʦʦͺˡ
ͷɱԺȻһһϦ֮ҪͷѧٸߣҲϼѡ
ֻ˶ΣǷĳǽʶһЩƷʦʦԼжԷȤĶĻҲ붯ǰæҩġ
ͻƵǵҩʦʦȻǴʦʦýֺͷҲ֪Щ綼һĹǳ֣û㹻ıǲܵ飬ħԪ֮šԪ칬֮⣬Ҳ벻ʲôЩʦĶƷҲͳȥġ
鷳
Լ̫Ѩǵĵҩʦеǵ֮ЩҲ֪ܲĳҵ
ĳʷӢųڵҩķ棬ûн˵飬ô㣬ﶼҵǵϹŵˡ

ĳǣʦڸҪĳۣҲߵĽ
Ǿʦᡣ
ָλĳǵ뼸ɸߵ˵ӳκһ䣬ܿ
һ·ȥֵ洦ɼʥĸ֣е繷ʥߵĸоżҲһЩΪһģЩ˶Ȼͬеٮٮߣǿῡܵ˵ģĳֻɾӢ
ӢĺӢͽܣҲǾӢö֮ĳǾͳ˲ŵľۼأ˵
ĳ·һʮĴڣȻţҲšһûĸĳǵ鷳
ĳǵĽֵߣɼĵ̣ҩꡢꡢķʤ
ĵаʦĲҵЩ̵룬ÿ궼һˣ֧ĳǴġ
ĳڣƴ򶷣ֹУκΥǹ棬ȶֵˣᱻϳͬ͡ʱĳҲʮɭϵĵȼƶȡǸƷʦȨðǣܱܿ𡢼ðʦʦɱǾǰˣû˻Ϊ㺰ԩ
ûߵ͸оΧԪʼ쳣ˡ
ԪŨĵطܶ࣬칬ԪŨ˿ûʲôֵģȻΧԪŨЩԪıĳַԼγһݵЭ֣֮ĵطԪԷγһģķһ龰𺳣ԪȻԼķɼеﵽ̶ֳˣ


1545 ǵϢ
ΧԲʮﶼûκνһƬ㳡㳡֮ϣ洦ɼ̯ƷߣġҩģȻģķķġ
е̯λо
֪һɨܸоⷽԲʮｻгߣʮˡ
ʮˣ˽ܣ˻ˣҲƣôĽгÿĽ൱ˡ
ĳǣǷĸп
ĳ·Ľ׳Ϊÿ궼۳ĵҩķö֮ԽԽϲΪǵʸƣĳǳ۵ĶǾƷĳǣʮУһбֱʦᣬÿʱ䣬жһģƴıﲩᣬʱ·صĳֱˣЯչףмõıṫﲩһµʱ䣬ϣʲô򵽣ǵҩķдϹŵϹŴУѪ⣬鱦䣬żгı
һԣ٩٩̸ҲЩ⣬Ҫ֪ĳоųɵڻ壬ĳ˵ĳҲǻĳС
ԼĳУǵȻԺˡ
Ŷʢ᣿
жĳԽˣ˴Ľ漰ǵĴк͵ҩϾϹʱǷǳУ´żʲôģ˿֡
ȻƽʱĳǵĽҲǳÿ꣬ϵĳǣרΪף˸ֱ֮⣬ﻹܴ̽Ϣţ·ļ鱨֯ĳǶзֻᣬеܲ֮ܶĳǣֻ벻ģû򲻵ģǰ㹻ĲƸӲͨǵҩԪ
ˣʶԼֽ䣬˵ƸһҲ൱Уһǰڤӽ֣ѶûԪ칬ڳ־ս˴ľȻҲ񣬵ǵĵҩϵĻǾǲˡ
ŪĲƸҲһ⡣
˵ղ˵鱨֯Ĵȥ鱨֯̽һ¹ڵǴеϢֳɵ鱨ܺùԼͷӬһϹҡ
ǰĳ鱨֯ܲʲôʣܹҵҪ鱨
֪ˣлλȷʵжҪǾ´ӡǣڴ˱ɡ
˵ҪߣǴһ£Ҳûа취˽˴ӡ֮Сħת
ͬλĳǵĵش׾ҵˡ
ܲΰȥֻһɫĸ¥Χл԰ΧռзԲ
ýֺͷҲ֪ĳǵĵؼۣһþˣĳǽݳ޵Ļ԰Ҳɼĵλˡ
߽¥̧ۿ¥ϣһң֡
̽Ϣô
ڸ¥ſڣӭ
ֻǸͯǸҲǳʵ·Ϣʮֳȣͬоٮٮߡ
š
ʲôϢأ֪ϢͬϢӦͬļ۸Խ߲㣬ϢļֵҲԽ󣬵㣬ˡ
һ߲㣬ײϢˣҲ˵ģһͨϢʵһ񺣾ǿ߳Բˡ
ǣֱ˵ԼĿġ
㡣
ͯ˵ȻͯҲǼʶ㲩֮һ۰צϣֱܷ鱨ĴżֵҪ·ʮණԣһġ
һ㣬֪һЩģĳǺųƵһ鱨֯Ȼͬˡ
ֻȥѯʣš°ͣ滹㣬ζŵǵϢѴ֮ǵĴҲңȻƷʲôľͲ˵ˡ
Сħһ·㣬ӭǵһߣǰľƣдšСҩɡСؾ塱ޡȵϢ鱨ˣѡһӦľƣͻᱻֵӦķС
˴еӡ
һɫȹŮӿ˶Ӧķ䡣
ϷţһϢˣȻ֮ⷿʮָ󷨣Էֹκ˵Ŀ̽
һڷ֮УȺ
ʲôУϡ
ǣ
ڣһ˿֮ɫĿһǣʧѾãҲ޷жΪֻȷǰŶݼ۷塣
һܹŶݼ׿˵ˣʵڲס
ʵǣ͸֪ѶȰɣʮ֮һ
֪ƽĵͷ
ţܽŶݼֵزԵǵ˽⣬±ֻ࣬㴫е鱨ܲɣͲˡ
Ҳû˵һЩȰҪ׷ѹķϻֻ߿鱨鱨;ʡ
ڵǴе鱨ʮеƷ׸вͬƷԽߵģ۸ȻҲԽ󣡡
ԵǵϢ䣬ⶼ֪Ѽģ֪ὫѼĸ鱨ϢҸӦˣЩ鱨ȫסһʣҪϣԴ
ֻҪƷģϵļ𣡡ʮ֣֪ҲһЩģԼϣǵĴвҡ
䣿ôθڣٺһЦ֪ܲ鱨еϢȻˣƷ׵ĹǸ¼Ҫ䣬У䣬һϢÿһǧԪģȫҪĻʮڣֻṩϢһҵ֪ҪۣԹṩٵ鱨㣬Ҳֻ˵Լ⡣
ޱ˵ţ˰ļ۸զࡣ
Ԫ·лңÿհ׷ԪͿܶʵһߣûʲôӪֶΣǾͻỨѴʱԪģ
·Ǹ·ҹҪõԪģԪľ·תԴԪ·Ӳͨ
ʮԪģ൱ʮʯȵʱҵĴǧ絤Ҫ١⻹ֻϢܸܲϢõ䣬˵
ôߵļ۸ʵΪʵ̫һʥأһײȱͺܲˣǵǵĴ˵㣬۸ֻ¸ߡ
ֻо񡣡˵
ԣ֧ĻҪʮһ顣
ó˴ȣĵ˵ͷþ񵱻ҵˣȻҲˣƵĶ
˾óһöհעУܿͽеϢд档
򽻸˵鱨ˣ㿴ɡ
лˡӹһɨȻݵʱȴˡ
⡭ôܡȻ£


1546 ֮
֮УһڵϢ
һʮǰĽأһΣ֮ݴ༸ʮǰһģۣ
Ľ֮У˾ֹĲƪǺδ֪
ڶʮǰķ籩˺һƬûĵ죬еǵżʧеǿµĴУǴ˵ٲ¥ܶǿҪȥѰҵټʧܶ飬еʧ٣֪
Ҳ򵥵һǰؾվҵǵ䣬˵ҲΪ㲻ãᶪ
صϢȴֳɵġ
·һΪ޵ɱ֯ޣĳǾзֲɱ֯ĵ࣬˷˫ޣӵǵƪ㹻ĴۣԽһۣ
Ծǣɱ֯ĵ죬ӵеƪȻǡԵ䡷
ʮֳԾ¾Ȼôɵ飿ԼСԵ䡷İŶݼƪ֪һȻ͵õˡԵ䡷ĵƪ
ѵԵ䡷ڹʱʮձ巨ӵкܶั
ͷԺ֮ˣһʼ˽⡶Ե䡷Ʒֻǲ²Ϊ䣬ڣ֪Ҳ϶Ϊ䣬ô°˾Ųʮˡ
ȻԵ䡷䣬ôҪƿ¼ͼǲܵ飬ǿ¼ԼѡԵ䡷ɣǻҪΪˣ
ܶ䣬ǹ±Ҳ͹ǵ
οеġԵ䡷ħż֮Уͬħһ𱻷ĴйħϹϵĶô˵ҲΪ·ɣ
ҵġԵ䡷ܷõģʱõʱ򣬾ֻаŶݼƪԵ䡷ǹ±Ļѵ˵޵ӵеġԵ䡷ұһף̫ˡôôɣ
е˼顣
Ҫ֪ħķֵ򣬶·Ȼ֪ˡԵ䡷벿Ϣܲȣ
³ΪܾпĳֲΪ֪ܡ
ô˵һ죬һеġԵ䡷ôġ
Ϣ⣿
˵ţע⵽Ϣʱϵľ֮ɫҲûжʣⲻĹķΧֻṩϢȡꡣ
⣡
֪ϢʵԣȺӢ͵ĳôãҳΪĳ鱨֯ܿɹƭһοԵ䡷Ҳȷʵڡ
һ£νӴ޵ĵ죿²ɱ֯ĻҪӴȻס
Ϣ͸㣬Ӵ޵죬ԭͺѣֻ֪ĴѪ£أҪ޶ӴʵΪ޼ˡ޵ˣ󲿷֯츳ѵĶͯǴС޳󣬴ӵʽѵɱĹ
Ļû⣬ɱ֯ܽ֯ԱԺҳԣǺܶ棬Ϊѵ˶֪Էòʵֻ֪š
ɱ֯ϲľѰҹ¶͵һЩ츳õĶͯСѵɳɫɱ˻˶֯ҳϣҲɾ
ǰղ˵󲿷޴Сģôٲأ
ٲˣҪôǱ޿Ѿã޵ҪﵣܣɵģҪô˲ţʦҩʦ޵ѵϵƣҲѵʦҩʦʦᶼûдڵıҪˣȻΪһ֯޷ȱЩ˲ţʦҩʦЩˣֻܺաӴ޵ĵ죬ͨʦҩʦĽܣ;Ϊ޵ȱҩҲȱΪһĻҩʦͿˡ
˹˵ţѪ¼ȻǷ˫ޣȻȱҩ˵Ѫȱⷽ涼ȱҪ
֮ǳˣ쵤ˣ龫ҲˣСħɵԪ֮Ѫɲˣһףʲôûˡ
ǰҩʦôĻЦѡ
ͲҵˣʶҩʦʦǽʶҲУѾṩˣ㻹ʲôҪʵô
ûˡΣԷʲô˲ãƫƫɱ֯죬ײβȥң
ãʲôϢҪ̽ӭ´ι١
ޱͿͣСħһ߳
ϵдʲôô˾ȣ׷Ǹʲôɱ֯飿
СħɳžʣҲûԼȫ˵ˣСħҲü𣬡ô֣˵ġԵ䡷Ӧǹ±˵ѪϵġԵ䡷ϵıһףֻǱֿˣֿҲ̫Զ˰ɣϰ벿ż֮У°벿ȴ·ѵʲôϵ
Ҳ֣ܸоѪµĵ죬Щܡ
Ҳ벻ʲôȻȵѪ£пܵ
ʵ֪ǣ⡶Ե䡷׻᲻ħйأϰ벿ħڵżҵֻɺô
ϧܷܺѵˡ
ˡԵ䡷°벿᲻ҵʲôħ˿
һ㣬Ϊĵ飬ĳ̶˵ǵ
ϾħҪĶķǿħΪԽԽǿħƿҲԽԽǿħ𽥻Ϊ
պҪħɱУ٣ħ֮һκοܹغħܣԶǴ飡
ô죿Сħһ̯Ҫ㿼ǳΪʦܼ˰ɣ㲻ͻ·ƺܶ࣬ǽ֮Ľˡ
ôܡЦǲ̨棬ο֮ĵĽϣôס
˵ͻȻһ٣֮ĵںϡ
֮ġˣ
Ժһ·֮ģɶӦܻõģ˳Ӧ·Ĵ·ΪƷƽ𡢱̻ꡢ̫ȵȣ
Ѽ㹻֮ģܿ·
ʦ·֮ģҲΪһ֡
顷һѧˣѾ·ô֮ģǷܡԼƳ
ͷԺУоԼ˼·ǰδе
ܳΪһʦĻǲǼ޵ôˣպԼ֮·Ҳ棡


1547 ʦ
˲󼺣Ҫߵһ·Եҩʵ̫󣬶ǵĵҩõĲһֱһҪƣѶȼ󣬷ҩʦɡ
һҩʦ֣ԭͲףټϵõϹŵֵܶҩʦƣҪƣҪһʱϤ͸ӴѶȣҩʦδؿϻʱ䣬ʲôԼҩ÷㡣
ʦҩʦҲĿҪѧһѧˡ
ţʱǰһ⣬Ĵ
ǣܵܶѾĿˡ
ǱΪƷʦѧͽ
类ΪƷʦѧͽ
ڴеżϲ⣬Ȼ㣬Ƕ츳ܸߣұһʦĳӣȻʱֻͨӣպֵúãͻΪ״ӣǾͿȫȫļ̳ǳϵ²ˡ
ʱǺͻΪֿȵ
ȥʦῴ
⵹˼Ҳȥʦᵽһ档
ʦڵĸŵҩ㣬ڸΧĿУʱбĪ֣ܶĳǵפۿĿ֮г˾޺;η
ʱ򣬷ۼŶӵȺԵߣЩ˸ֲˣῡĸ֣ܱΪῡܣҲͨʥػÿˡ
ʲô
ЩῡܵĲ丮ɱƣڻвɱʵ
֣
ʱһŮתͷһǣȺ֣
ߣվ磬һӡ
ӣΪ²䲻ǺܴܹΪ൱ѵˡ
һ£ҵʦ֣ƷʦƷʦʦ֣ʦʦɫ״ӣȥոͨƷʦˣ
Щݵܵᵽ״ӡ͡ƷʦʱĿε¶ۡ羴֮ɫ
ĳǣʦƷΪʮƷʦΪƷʦƷѣʦƷ̫̫ˡ
·˵ʮƷʦǴû˵Ʒʦ
ʵϣƷʦѾǴ˵ˣƷʦֻڼʮǰϹʱŴڹǶӽרν
Ϊ˼ѵϵᵽƷʦѾۺ֮ɫƷʦܵһ츳ڣպǰ;ܿܳΪƷʦʹúܶ׶ʮУ׵Լĺһ
һۣȷʵ˽ܣ俴ǶʮӣͦΣͷȣѧĻ˵ǾǡͥظԲòҪʵ۵ġ
ϣһԲԲСƬСƬ۾һ㣬ʵʦõһַרĽṹġϵ·Ǻڰˮīɫǵӣīճ·Щ·ķͼ㡣
á
òԵĴк׵ĿһۣδʾͻȻһصĸ֪ͶԼϣ˲ҪԼľ֮磬Ҫ͸͸
һݣԵħټԼѧġľ;ֻ֮һƬ
Ȼ׵ľ磬ôҲܣ˭Ҳϲֱͨӵĸо߽Ӵǻò
׵ȻҲ֪һ㣬ʦǻ壬ڸ֪漫ΪóѰ£ͬߣû취ĸ֪οľ绹͡
ûϷʲôرģûݣ׸ûʲôȤ
۽ǵľƬǵ˶ѣ
ǡǰ
ǿЦݣһʱЩΡ
šԺòҪ޹صʦᣬһξˡ
Ԫ˵ûֱ˵
ı;Ͷ¶ǹɸ߸ϵζȴСħɿֱüŲµ˵ʲôǲôΡ
ʲôѽǡСħ죬ǽǸı顣
ǲΪ⣬˵ԷʦĿܣһԽУرڵˣ۵ġ
׵䵭Ӧûʲô⣬ΪԼݾأʦȽϵײѣȲʦҲǻ壬Ϊڶ壬ôܱˣ
һӣһ죬һûκελӣԼġѡӿǡѡָӶԡѡǲܵģ㶼ΪЩ˶ûֵо
仰Ԫ˵ģСħвޣǹۿ˵ͣˣһԴʮ
Ӧòֹʮ΢΢һЦĻһһٸ
Գ˵⻰ǫ飬ˡ
СħˣҲΪôѧѧӦúܺʱ䡣
Ҳȡ淽ֶΡҽӴĺ٣޷жѧ׼ȷʱ䣬ţѧϰٶȣ˿һٱ
ŵ˵СħЩһٱ
һѧɵĶֻҪһꣿ
С㣬ʦ伸Σĵ˶ɾƷʦ
΢΢˼İɡ
İٶ꣬ѵѧİʱ䣿΢΢üȻԼѧϰܿ죬ǹǳɾһƷʦҪİҲ̫ˡ
ôʦſʼӴģܹѧ˴߰ʮɣѧϰ˷ʱ䣬Ҫܸߵ֧֣ܶ߶䣬ѧҸܵҲģֻѧͽպܳһʱҲǻΪ
ԭˣ
Ȼʱϰʱʮ굽ʮǸڸʱܣʱȡõΪɾԽߣǱھԽףպĳɾҲԽʱͶ̫ྫϣòʧ
߰ʮ굽ƷʦԽܡ
вϵԼѧҪʱ䡣
˵߰ʮʱΪƷʦôԼٶȿһٱ˵ֻҪʮ¾ˡ
ȻƷʦԣԶԶĴʦҪҩֻԼǵĵҩƳ


1548 
ʦᣬҩŨһöͨҩ裬ʦˣԡҩ㣬ҩЩҩ㣬һڣԿۣ״Ԫ߳ڴҲΪ档
ʦĵ桢ǽڡʯʡʯеȵȣ洦ɼĵƿ̣ЩĲװãǱ󷨣ҪôԻԪҪôǿãһ㡣
С㣬֮ǰЩܶʦŶӵȺԣʵڲʲôǵĺ棬ͻȻʵ
ʦҪɣЩ˶Ӧġڻشȴզ಻ѣֻոôЩ˻ῡܣ
ϸ룬Ҳ֮У˵ʦᵱװͽᵽһЩõнˮеҩ㣬룬ͶΪкôˣ
ţǴһȣһĴ֮С
棬мʮʯ̨ӣЩ̨Ӷڷŵĸҩĵ
ĳЩ̨ӵĺ棬վߣ̨ۣæµʲǫ̂һԣȻţһƷ裬һ߶ʯ̨ϵָʲôȻڴͽܡ
ֹӣ㿴׵׺Ƴ۵ʦ׺Ƴ۵ҩʦؿڵĻ£ǵƷÿһ·ʹһƷ
ĳǣҩʦʦּңʦƼҩʦܹʦǻΪʦĵλҩʦߣ
ۿһһöķ֮󣬽һһģķʱڻ档
ֲڲһƬҫ۵Ĺââ֮ǽӲӣ˻ƽ
ĵʯɽ
ʯɽǷֶΣȻ߶ԣôΪӶ˵ûʲô
ǣʯɽ
˵ˣǴһһ㣬Ҫ
Ϊ漰ıʽṹˣıʽṹʵΥ򣬲˵Ҳˣ𣬲ٵߣû
ǰһ򵥵ȴΪ·ʹ־Ϊһ㣬ǲŽġָΪ񡱡
Ŀʦʯɽֿ֮һʦķˮһˮǱ͡
иȣһؿ·ʦһöõķһֻܵϣһֻܾȻ
Щ߶ԣûκʵüֵȴ˲õֶΣ
һķԵʯɽ𣬻ˮΪͣı̬ܱ⼸Ǵˡ
˵··˴죬·˵ĳν񣬶ġ顷ʵǴĹĿ磬ϧҶԡ顷⣬̫̫ˡ
ипϾᣬһӣҪߵ·̫ˡ
ﵽ߾磬ǲǿ԰ѷݵ㻯ĵرʯͷ㻯ɾĻƸ԰ƷƷʦ˵ûʲôˡ
ȻЩҲ룬ɣ㻯ƷҩȻҪƷķƳδס
ţֿܿʦһķӡһѳͷϣͷǷũصͨͷ⼣߰ߣģǵöķӡȥ֮ͷ֣Ȼûиı䣬ƷȴֱƷʥ
Ե⼣ںڷĳкɭɭ˵ԣһ䣬£ſ֣ܳϸӣĻ˵Ϻõĵǹǹˡ
죡
ипͬʱҲף·ʹãһ·ͻ޷ʩչΪ·棬û֮ġ
ͨ·տ飬Ǿƿ·ΪԼãҪ˳Ӧ·
ĸоʵ·ˣǵʮ֮⣬ٳһʮУ
һԼֶΣʵںţ
ʣﵽ̶ֳ֮һöƷʲõĵҩϸߵȼ󣬶ԻΪ棬Զǰѧҩܹġ
Ƭʦһ
ͬСʦĽ
Ľ㳡ϵĽΧȫͬ㳡ϣּֽۻʮӣǷ˵ũóг
Ĵĵģһ̯ϣǱĿ񣬻ǴϢ·̯λ޹Ƶġ
Щ̯ʦʦҩʦ
Сħһ̯λǰǸֻ̯۾ɨһۣϢСħǿˡ
ΪСħɸСӣΪҲߣҲʦʦôӵǿ۵ĶԶǿֵң̯ʦġ
̬ȣСħЩˬԴʦᣬǱӣһ۾ͷϵף·޲òڱͷϡ
ôһϼһһշƵģСħˣ
ιҩô
Сħָһݻܲһ㣬ۺ۵ҩ̯֮ҩΪܴҩϸܵŨԪȻǷƷ
ʦ̵̯۾бƳһСħɣ˵ԣֻҩвǺʢǲϷģҪﵷˡ
ʦһĿģСħֱӱҭˣЦЦӹȻǺõĲϣõģպҲԻǰ֪һ¼۸񡭡
ڵΪոպãȻʦκγΪʦĿܣΪࡣ
ÿͷһۣƺֱ˵ҪļֲϵƣҲҩļ۸
һ£ҲɵˣЩһֶû˵ԷӣȻԪģҪԭʼ
ʶЩлȻЩ̯ӸλȱԪЩңȱǲϣȱϡе֮ģȱҩļƷ¯߻ƷĵļƷıʡ
Щ˽ףҲʽԪģǸϵģΪЩδԪ򵽵ġ
ȷԼˣԷҪĶԼûʲô
ֻðˣʦ̯һϵı飬ɮ붨һı۾Сħˬˡ
߰ɡε˵˴ʦΪ˼ʶһǸʲôĿĲѾˣԳȥˣѧʱˡ
Ҫ뿪ʱȴͻȻס˲ӣҲ߲ˣ۾ʦǰҵϣЩ֮䣬һ鲻۵񣬶ʱ


1549 
ʦ̯λϵĶʵ̫ˣƺʦ߱Щʰôҵİһ𣬿ȥһûмֵ
Щ֮УõôۣƷˣǷҴĸܵһԼϤϢҲ
ɫĶĦʦ߻̯Ʒ֪ĵ̽ö
̽飬ȷԼûϴ
ʦ̯˶ϳɾʶ㲩ָԼܻʶ飬ʦеԳʵ̫⣬֮⣬˼ʶ
öֻһСȱ֮ϣԼԼ·¶һ޵Ϣ֮ǰеõĵһģһ
·õ壬ƾмصĴ룬УΪģľ֮
ѵ˵·µĵʵֹһ飬һԣһԶֹкܶ飿
֪еöΪʲô飬һС飬ķ֮һ·ȱʧؼĲ֣Ҳò˲ܵˡ
ʦ̯ȻżȻõöֻĸоĲǸŪеĵֻΪǶƬˣԲŻó
һĿȥԷֹʦ̯һۿԼĿġ
ʱʦ̯ȴͻȻ˫ۣ˵㲻ʦҲҪĲϣȴڴ˵ߣѵǿҵʲôֻԵʲôô
ʦ̯һ仰һݣϼһҲ̫ǿˡ
ΪȷʵͲͨ˼ҪĶûУڳĶҲȴ￴ȥģ˵ȥ
һת˲䷴ӦӦ֮˵ǰô˵Ȼȷʵ⺺ҲǰҪĲʲô־ΪʦЩҪ˽ģһЩǰҪ硭֮ģ
·֮ģҪܵõϣвϡб̻ĺͼ̫ġ
ʦҪõϡ֮ģϣ
²⣬ʦæµûʱ·Ҫϡֻܴ֮ﹺŻ֮һ˵
Ϊʦٺ١ʦ̯ЦһȻûʲô˼ԣһΪʦ⡣
֮ģʦ̯һЩȤʵʲô֮ģóɣ
ûԷģó̯֮ԼȻôϡзģ˵ᱻҪۡ
ô˵Ȼеġ
˵꣬ԭ뷨ǣװģһЩֵĶƬҲ˳ϣͷͱˡ
ΪƬĶҪԼѡһѱ˻ټһöϡŹֵĵƬ̯Ļɡ
Ȼ̯ԼҲûŪ׵ƬʲôԭͣͿɣôͬڴ˵ˡ
뵽ֱ˵ƬﷴͻȻСħ˵ɶҼǵ˵ҪԼıҪ鱦ɣ鱦ʵ̫ݳˣ鱦ƬĻﾡˣʮǧ٣Ҿö鱦ƬΣ
˵Ķһ߶մСħʲôҪ鱦
СħҲǱѩʶô˵ҪԼĶߵĻɡ
ѵǱ
Сħɸое㲻˼飬۹ǷףԲ̨û¶һ˿㵡ɵĴ飬¶ɫ˵ֹӣ᲻ᡭ˵㣬磬˷أܶ˶أֻһ鱦ƬĻ᲻ò֣֪Ǽˣ˼Ҷӡ󲻺õĻֻǵ¡
Сħɻѻſھһ£Ϸ츳Ҫ̫á
Сħ˵ﺮᣬʦ̯ǲϵǲȻĳ鶯һ£˵
ƷʦǺεݣһͣӣȴһС䣬ġ
򣡡
ʦ˵
æⲻǣǰˣûⷽ˼ǰⷨƬֻǰƷ֮мֵ͵һ֣Ҫ򣬻ҪѪѽ˵ⷨƬô
٣㵹ͦԻģ̯Цŵһۣʨӿڵʮ̻ģ
һпһ£֪鱦Ƭļ۸Ҳ֪̻ĵļ۸ʮ̻ľˡȻʮ̻ģо̯թԼӦֻģ˵ֱӲˡ
ʮ̻ģЦɣһǰô׺󱲵ģ˵ţָһ㣬̻ĴָƮ˳ڿлƯţѡı̻ҲнģЩȻֵжߣǱ̻бȽϡеģ򵽵ģҪʦͷȤ
Ȼû뵽ʦͷһöĺ󣬾ȻһѽƬ˻ȥ
һǰɣͲˣ
ʦ߲Ļûκΰ취ֻ뿪Խǳ߼ۣߵľͻԽֻЧ
߽öУȥϸϸĹ۲죬ø֪Ħһ̣һʱ䡣
ͼܶˣʦᣬϵõʦǣʱ໥նԴ۶ࡣ
ⶫֻĳַƬ鱦
ʵûʲôвһЩ·߾֣ҲʼտĻͰöƬˡ
һ鱦Ķ޼ۣļֵͺܶ࣬Ϊһһ˵첻һǶü鱦
ȱ鱦Ǽֵ͸СˣΨһãҲ˵ȡԼıˡ
գ߽񶪸˵ö̻ģˡ
仰ʱһȥˡ
ͷӣǾĵɳﶼեԼһСһָɣȻܰⶫûȥĿϺܶ飡
һö鱦Ƭ˵ö̻ĵļ۸ȻеߣҲףԼóķ޷ʦߣĻֻܰˣԽ̸Խأ֮ǰСħɵıݻЧġ
ݳö̻Ѷ֣߶ı̻Ҳ൱⣬ȷʵȱЩ


1550 ҩ
Ϊҹζ࣬˶֮˼£ǡ𣬶ͬСħһ뿪ʦᡣ
ĶʲôѽСħ̲סģź󲻾ãԪ
û´ĻӦ·µĶʵشСħһ·ˣ
··˾ǸϹϵĶһƬ˲õļֵ޹ѾĻҲҪˡ
ⶫʲôã
ڻ˵ãҲܣȥ֪
ȥ֪Сħɺܲ죬Ǹմ֪Ȼֻȥȥ֪ʲô
ҪһЩ鱨Щ鱨ʮҪ
ҪѧɣҪͶʱ䡢۴֪ʶ;飬ȱľʱ;С顷Ҳһͣʱϵ̫ãǾͶûˡ
ʱʱٴ֪һΣѡݡ
ʵ֪ȻϢȴй¶ǵĿ֪̽ʲô鱨һ㣬鱨֯й棬Ϣģ±˳ϵĲ鵽
ˣǾݺȫһЩϾһΣ鱨С
Ҫʲô֪ſڣͯӭ
ʦ
Ʒ
Ʒϣ
㡣ͯ˵¥ϴһ
Сħһ㣬ˡľƣͱ˶Ӧķ֮С
ⷿһڵȺˡ
ݣм䴹һӣ˾͸˵
֪ʲôɳƣַĸо
ҪʦҩʦϣҪʦʦֻҪЩסĳ棬ԸƧ죬˵ʦҩʦǵλã޹ΪʵǷ֧ǵȵϢ⣬ҪЩʦƷƷϣҲҪﵽƷ
Ļ߲һۣҪ̫ϸҪۺܸߣΪЩϣ֪ˡ
֪Ϊһ鱨֯ѼϣѼЩٷͻˣرǵĳ˺͵жˣϣ֪ʮСģһЩǵﲻˣٸߵļ۸ҲۣһЩˣҲῪܸߵļ۸
һ鱨֯漰棬ĻŭӶ
ʦ鱨ͱȽУЩʦ󣬻иӵĹϵҺ㲻ҪʦʦٶԪģҲ۵ģҪЩʦҵǿṩһЩ鱨мϢ漰Ĺϵÿ鱨ϸ̶ȣʦƷһȡڵڲȵԪġ
߻˵ⷬ׼Ҳ΢΢һ顣
൱ĹȻҸԣ·Щֻ룬ķǳϵľҲˡ
ùһöհʶעУдԼҪ󣬰ʵΪƷȵȣֻҪһЩаʦϣЩ¸صʦҪ
߿֮˵һҪ鱨ܼʮڣ
š
һֽһſȫҡ
ã
߽Ϣȫ׭֮ϡ
ùеϢȫӡԺСħһ߳ʦᡭ

ھĳǶʮĵطһɽɽ˼ɽɽ֮ڣһƬԲʮĺΪǺ塣
ÿҹ٣Ǻ屻ҹ紵Ӱǹ֮һƬʤգ
Ǻһ࣬һϵĳǱ
ǱͨɺʯɣѾʮ֮ˣǱһ壬쵽˺УںºɫĵӰ׶
Ȼ˭Ҳ뵽ͯĵطʵһ֮ء
ڳǱ֮УһȫյĶռ䣬ɫĵשɫǽڣɢõĵ¯̨Ҳ
Щʯ̨ǽ棬մŰ߰ߵĺɫ飬ѪɺԺµĺۼ
ܱտռ룬һŻɫĽܣһмʮ˳ԾǣÿһϣһŮ
ЩŮڣеĸɴȫ㣬ǵĲʮ꣬Ҳʮģʮһ꣬ʮŮ
еŮ϶˺ۣЩˣ鲼ǵĲӡȡزС󴦡еˣҲץۣҧۡ
ЩˣĥЩרΪпѪ
ڳõĥ£ŮǶɫң˫ĿǵͺΪѾˡ
ȻѾĥĲΣ͸ЩŮɢҵĳܱգǶڲͬŮ
࣬壬Ҳħ塢ʥ壡
ʵϣǲڸŮǻʮֲϰ츳еʼΪ⣬еѪֵ
ЩŮߣ죬Ϊ
ֻڣǵΪѾӡŮûʲôˡ
֮УȻ˵ܳΪţٿһŵӣĻкܴϣ
ȻڣһжˣǵһƬĳǱˣ
ǵЩˣǱٳֵЩū
дûûΪķˣǸĥò˼¾ˡ
ЩΪģѾڳǱб˺üˡʱҹĥһͱ߱ĥˣǱһҩʦи鵤ѡǱ˻ðĵҩЩŮľ磬ǵǱɲ
ȴǵģ޾ĥˣֱǵľѪɣഺڵʱǾͻᱻڳǱĺ԰ƺΪǵʬǣǱ԰Ļ俪øޡ
ʱܱտռĿռϱͻȻҵһӵı֮

¡һ죬·ʲôըˣʯƷ¯ƹƹҵĵڵأһͷҰ׳ɫ԰׵һͷŭҰһ˽
õĳֻۣӣûһ˿Ѫɫϳһɵ
ζѾԪ޶ˣ
ʧˣʧˣʧ˶ٴˣ˫ĿѪ죬ץǻڣԭڻı־֮Ѿȫûȥˣ֮ı־Ѿٽյ㣬ֻаʱɻˡ
ƳΪһ¯ҩѾʱ䣬õƳɹʱУϵҩһЩġҪӳԼԪ¼궼á


1551 ħ괨
ƷʦƷʦôʧܣƺѾħıԵҲʧܣһЩ˵ľѪƷײ
ȻץһŮӵͷŮӷ㤵ļС
һĻһЩŮɫңޱ飬·û
ҲһЩûõŮһĻɪɪ¶֮ɫ
˱衢ɲ֮⣬ѾʦʱǵѪȥĿһЩͬ鱻Ķ˵¯ΪƲҩ
ǻԣޱȿµ飬ٽʱʧȥǣ˵磬֮ʱ㾡ٹ֮ȥѰٲ֮ҩʿͻʱīǳô֮ѪͯͯŮѪҩеĵʮĴŮÿȡ¾֮ѪΪ˱֤¾֮ѪĴֻ࣬ǳɣس¶
ѧ磬ܴⷽﵽ£
ʦôһ䱾
ϧǿϧץһ£Ϊڵ֮ŮĴӾѪһٳɹ꣡
ʧǣ顣
ǰʦĳϣŽΪ
ƷʦƷҩʦټʦ᳤ϵְλûϼӳ⻷в֪ʾã´ˣҲǿͿʦͽͽǲ˵˿档
죬µ֪Ľ羴ŮʦѧͽΪܵõõĵλѧʦУԸԼɲ
ЩŮӵζӿʼջ󣬱ЩʦŮǳΪʦ᳤ϵ֪˶ŮӣյĵӣҲŮԣЩҲְ¯
ɫĻӶԣѱȡ
ڽΪҲʦͨϣҪΪ۳ϣҪΪøֶռԴȡᣬʦܶ˶мìܣټŶŮѧͽ֣ڣ۳ϻᵯϵݡ
Դˣģһؾգͼһҩͬʱϣ鵯ʦϣȻʧܣûеõҩˡ
ʦᡣ
Ҫ֣նݳ⺣ӵʧ֮ãֱĳһؾ̽棬³֡
³ֵԭѾԪ޶࣬ټһؾգ˹أ꣬ԪЩ꣬һֱƸ޲ĵҩȻѾ˴룬һŬЧ΢
ۿŴԽԽѾ˰״̬̫ȥǻԻ޵ܲ˿ݼŵӣӶŮŮϷйǵľѪǺ彨Ǳ
Ϊ֪ټһ˼ϣû˼ȥҩ˵Ѿʧȥֵˣû˻һӶᵽԴҲ޵ĺܣҪҵЩ֮Ůǲܵ顣
ǱлŮͯŮֻ츳õķŮӶѡ
¡
Ѿ񾭲ĻһƷ˵·ʯȻһʮŮϡ
ŮֻΪ·ŮӣԭһСŵĺĵӣ̫Сˣ˵ǽѧͷ˽֮䣬Ůб֮ŮĽ
Ȼһҹ֮䣬űţɫ츳Ůӣȫһɺڷ𣬾һĳǱ֮С
ŵģӣΪĴڣ
ħûеһʱɲЩŮӣǵĴ֮Ѫϧһʧˡ
ħӷֱ˵ʮŮϣһ˺ԭò
תۼ䣬Ůȫ㣬ɫ԰ףʧҽУֲҽȴ̼Żӣ˫Ŀ֮ɺѪĹâЩ꣬üΪʹ࣬ƺֻнʹӳֵϣõ㡣
촽Ц˵ѪƷ̫ˣʧܣȻˣĴ֮Ҳûˣǵ΢Ԫ͸Ҳɲɣ
ЦţһҧŮ۰ļ̰˱ѪҺںѪַͨʽŮѪֲѾ˥֮ܲ
ŮȻԽȴԽܴ̼Ѿȫħͫ׷Ŵȫ˷ܣ˺ԼѹŮϵʱ򣬶һ̣ͻȻȻһԭŴͫѸڸղŵ˲䣬еһɸ֪ɨܱⷽտռ䣬ɱԼ
Ҳ룬Ȼǰ˳
¡
һµը죬һǹâͬɳ磬ᴩգ
Ʋɵâ֮£ܱտռĿռϱֽͬһ˺ѣͬʯǱƷ˴룡
¡¡
ʯ䣬ұӵϳıըбٵˡ
һһŮˣڸ߿֮УֳֳǹĿ¶ɱǹֱָӵüġ
㣬ħʦ򴨣
ӣɱ⡣
֪ҪǣҪΪͨ£ΪˣƷϵʦ
֪ĵһʦϾħ򴨣һ֪ɲŮӣʦ󱻷ȥ
û뵽ѾǴ޽򴨣˱䱾Щǲ֪ɱ˶Ůˣһζ
һԣĿһеСħѾҧгݣŮͬкѾŭ˼£ɱһҪ


1552 ʦĽݾ
ʲôˣ
ɲʱ͵Ϯŭգ˫ɺ۾·ҪСħɵ
ʱע⵽СħɵΪ
Ȼֻ
Ϊ
ԣԭῡܣ
򴨵һɲŮӣһֻɲŮŮǹеϢʮУ϶Сħ䲻
ᣬȻΪôģ
֣򴨵۾
ѪһѪ֮ŮѪŮӵѪҩɲҲֲˣǧ꣬ҵĳ
뵽򴨴Ц첻ң첻Ұȱ֮ŮҩǱãõúܣҵ¯ɣ˫ޣ֣
˵ţһаĿСħɡ
Сħɷζըˣ
۾ͷΪҪг˿ÿֻһ㣬ĥǧ꣡꣡
СħԭħɲŮ裬⻹˵ã
ûɣߣ츳ͬ˺һˣȻɱңǷ˰ɣھ䣬Ҳǰ벽ƷͬץֻСѣ
תЦѵɣܺãҾ͵棬ҩ
򴨻û˵꣬ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ܵһɱΧضˣǳʧһжһռ֮У

ʶԼǸΧˣԷţӵûʲôϡģ㵵ǣƬγɿռ侹Ȼޱȹ̣ԶԶߵļޣʥ޷⡣
˼츳ȤˣĿ¶âƵĶ
Цһ֪鱨˵ѾԵڿ㲻ˣһɵΪ벽֮𼸺Ϩ𣬾ڰ벽УҲģżʥ߶Űɱ㣬㾹ȻΣȥɣ
˵䣬ֱٶȲ죬ȴɽ
ǡϸ
ת£Ȼһǹ򴨣
Ϊʧ̫ãټĸı䣬ǸҲѾûʲôܹǶӦԪϵļˣ¿Կ϶ǿһǵΪ磬ҪԪϵڡ
Ҳ˵ڿڣʵ;ԪϵΪĻѾֹΪˡ
Ȼǵľ磬ЦһȻҳȫ㡣
ֽгһɫһնҪĽ⣬ͬʱһն
ȻĽâѪǹӴһ˲䣬򴨵ЦȴˣԭΪֱ˺ѵǹâȻ̺һݵĿ·ǹâǳصǳ۶ɣѹգնǺӣ
꣡
ֻһ죬򴨵Ľâֱѣɫĳǹֱ룬ֱ򴨵Ŀڣ
һǹ򴨵գ޷ܣ
ڵѪ·Ҫһ㡣
ʲô
ۿǹâɫ˲ҰףΪŰɱһ󱲸ֵҲû뵽ȴֽ
ʵǿòһǹȻûд̵򴨿Կ϶һУҲʧȥս
صһɲǣȻһԼؿϣۡ³һھѪھѪγһصķģ
ͬʱ򴨴ֽһͳķֱ׳ڿȼ
ķȼ֮󣬾ڿлһ͸Ļܣӭһǹ
꣡
һ죬ķѪǹĴ͸֮ϡ
̼䣬ܱ飬ǹ룬ִѪϣ
һΣڸܵ˼ѪǹȻгԾط߶ԼԽﵽ֮Ȼûɱ䣬Ѫ򴨣
Ĺ͡
ӳķԵֵǹƣѪɵڶķȫһҩֱս
ƾЩҲ޷ı򴨵ˣڷѪǹѪճŵɲǣһһӰֱ򴨶Ԫʯ̥
λ磬ʱԳս
ڤӵ˵Ѫ֮Ԫʯ̥ٶͻƾ磬й֮޲
꣡
Ԫʯ̥һǹ򴨣ֱȡ׼

򴨾һŵûɢԭһѾֲϧķԪѪ֮ķǿһھȻһ
磡
һ죬򴨵ĻѪδ赲Ԫʯ̥Ŀֲֻһ˲Ԫʯ̥ĳǹֱӴ򴨵ء
ǹ壬ǴԪʯ̥µǰֽҲûʲô
Ĺⱻµ飬򴨵Ǳ˵ѪѪ©һӿ
ôܡ
򴨵۾һ˿㤾֮ɫȻô򵥶׵ģһ󱲻ܣҪˣܽ˻Ľ֡
֣
Ȼһӡ򴨵ĿڣԪӿ򴨵֮УֱӵȫҲضѪ֮
һ̣򴨵ͬһһе˵ɲɣŮܱտռ֮С
ۣ
Ѿ˵صˤڵϣѪ岽ŮǣĿǿǿ󵽲˼򴨾һˤڵϣ׾ˡ

򴨻һһΪΪʦĽݾϡ


1553 
ЩĥŮǣԭѾ׼ǵѾҲûʲôܹеĲ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴǿһ򴨣Ȼڶ̶̵ʮϢʱͱòΣһϢǵĴĿУȼϣ
򴨵Ű֮¿ా꣬ڿѾñǶţһΡ
ʱֳֳǹһ㽵ٵЩŮǴʧ
ˡ
ָһ㣬ʮһɳֱնЩŮϵڵӡҲˡ
նϵһɲǣܶŮΪֱ̱˵ϣΪˤʹôֻз龰һģ
Ŵֲڵĵ棬žΥɣ嶼ڲ
֪˭һʼᣬŮ̲סʧʹޡ
ǲ֪ǰ˭һ̣У;һһĸԸǶüΪŵʱɱĻᶼûУ
ЩŮҲΪǸе̾Ǻܶ˶зǳϰ츳Ȼǵһȥ˴롣
ָһʮöҩЩŮӵУͳĶֲѪϴ鵤
ЩŮ򴨳ɲѾѪɥʧ룬һɫ԰ףԪգ״̬ҪϰѾء
һ˵ΪԽͣѪԽԽֲѪΪԽߣѪԽ죬Ѫ벹Խѡ
Ϊ͵ߣֲѪȻףǸҲҲѪ鵤ҪֲյѪǷǳѵ飬ЩŮӶԣܡ
һУȴ׾١Щҩԣ㲻󣬵ǶǰŮ˵ȴ鵤
ǵдֻǷˣҲ졢죬һö쵤ǶԶ޼֮ˣο鵤
ȥɣҸǵĶҩº͵ĵҩȥҲиá
͵˵ܶŮе鵤ָڲ
ȻϲҩƷǹŨҩ㣬Ҳܴ²³Щҩļֵ
ЩŮУ̷
Щ̾һǷ˺͵ͽߵԸߵȼ߶֮ĵĶǶԣ޼֮
ֵֻһЩҩһΣֱӽҩЩŮӵĿС
úϢɣǿ뿪Ҳţ֮һȥķ˳ҽѡһΪĳҲԶ⼸յʳ
ӳһƿٹȵҲֻܰﵽˣЩŮպ·ҪԼŬ룬˵Ƕϰ츳պ֮·ߵøԶôЩҲδǻ¡
˵仰㲻ٶԣһץѾһ򴨣ڿնȥ
ŮȥıӰĳǿлŵҩҩ㣬ůڵҩǵ壬ʱĸоžҸʱˡ
еʱδǻ£һٶȳһ˵ĳɳʼһ˳Ļ־ѵõСħɣҲо꣬־ĳ졣
һϢ򴨣Ǻĺףٻ˻Ԫ칬Сħһ˻Ԫ칬
Ҫʲô
Сħ֣ΪʲôҪѾʴ֪йʦϢҵҪаʦѵҪΪɣ˵ȷʵһ¡
Ȼ֪ˣ£һǵһγԣ֪ܷɹ
һƽڰۣ֮Ϣ֮ںڹԡ֮£һҺɫ建ֳɢŹصϢ
ħ
ħ֮ԭɫҵ򴨷·ͻȻҧһ㣬˲佩Ӳ
ɴһ˫۾ֵħ
⡭ʲô
־֮ɫǻ壬ǵ֮УҪɲ֣ħһޱУ
ʥ壬꣬ĳ˵ħԻԣ޼֮ǣΪħֱӽ˵ɣ
ħǰоһɿµϣҪ꾾һ㣡
˾ľ
ԭѾٱ״̬Ԫ޶ֱ࣬ȫΪңħǰԽԽ־壬ָоҪ밢ǵó
ҪˣһصѪ忴ħèܼߣһĿƣ
Ȼ̼䣬ͱһˣãֻĿħԽԽָоһ޷ݵľ
㡭Ҫʲô
꣡΢΢һЦЦڴʱ˿̣ȴԵüΪΪħҲû˵ûϵܿͻܵˡ
㡭Ҫ֪ʲôҶߣҪҵĻ꣡
ɫҰףڲ
ź֪Ķ˵
ЦһԪȻע뵽ħ֮УħʼתΧеȫն
ħΪģһɫУɫУ·Ҫأ

򴨷˺ѷεĲҽУб飬ϵѽ⿪һտɫ֮бӲ˺ħ

򴨵бѾױΣģʹ࣡
һɿµϮ֮У
Ӳ˺ӡ
ԭʮǿӡҲΪ̣˺ʹݣ
򴨸оʱ·޻ÿһϢʱ䣬һǰ޾ʹ࣬ҪȥȻƫƫûɱ
򴨲ϵĲҽУɱ꣬Ȼûôֻһһĥȥ򴨵ӡʦİֻ࣬ĥƽϢЩԩŮԹߡ
˵꣬ɴļӡɣһˡԡıԴ֣ȱκһ˾ͻʧȥҡ
˵ӡܵϸ˿һÿһϸ΢ĵطҪȫĨȥ˼ǲܵ飬ħȴ⹦ЧԽЩϸ˿һһһĳ
ϵģǱƤʹ࣡
һһİеľ䣬ҲΪûʹħ⻹һħƬ
Ϊ˾ı򴨵ļ壬һһҹʱ䣬ϸ·Ĺӽڵʱ򴨵Ѿ΢ĥˡ


1554 
һһҹʹֱ࣬޷ݣҪǧеСħɿ򴨵³Ҳͷ΢ʵݶʹڲˣһһҹʱʲô
ˡһħоƯ䣬Ƿһ˿Ц⣬ؽ֪Ϣȫɱ򴨣Ϊ˵ľ䣬ʦļ䣡
ħ飬ʼײβϿһǶ
Ͽãȫ֪
ħͺã඼ھˡ
ħһһ꣡
飬ӲӶѪһԽЩѪɺ龫龫ЧҪƵ񵤣
Ƶʱûк龫֧֣СħԪټԪʯ̥еķӡҲԶԶ
컯ʥӣΪʱӵѹͨʵҲǿź֧֣
ĳ˵黹Ǹʺʥ塣
ǵõ飬ûСܶ࣬Ϊǵ·ˣ
ԪõʱľԪϵΪѾ˽磬ȴû޹һд㿪ʼ
ԭе֮·õʱѶȣ֪
ȻԪƾЧټ츳˵ǣǻԪĵ࣬ʱԪϵѾȻȴֻΪԶԪΪܹսˡ
ΪǿһǣǱȾԪϵΪߣͺñһСܵɱȻһΣһ׳ӣһУҲǷˡ
ھԪϵԽ󾳽ͨ濹⣡
ħЧȺй֮޲ıֱɱ˵ꡣ
Ȼʵϣħǿ󣬲ֱɱֵ꣬Ĺϴȥеӡ䣬նصľңЧӶṦٺʲˣ
ѧĹܿУҪйʵΪ̫ӣԸﲻ
Ȼħȴȫ̽κߵĹ׹ĵ;ѵ
һ°빦ټߵԣչٶȿһǧݣ
˹֮⣬󷨡ȫˣܼ̳жԷ֪ʶܼ̳о飡
ҪģͨϵϰЩ顢֪ʶڻͨԷļ䣬ԼѧϰЧѧϰٶȣҪ̫죡
üʮѧ˵ֻҪµϰѣ
˵Ϊﵽӵ˴߶ħ֮ѾһϢ֪Ŀɱ䣡
ʵԽǿͿɱԽǿĸ֣ǵļ䣡
Խɼ䣬ٶȾԽ죬ʵԽǿ
ֻҪʱۻʵѩһѸٵΪһ֪ȫţ
ԶԣȻܹһ޼֮ʱڣãҪѷɫħ١
񵤣ֶϵȥѰһԵգͨؾеɱҲŪ
ħƬͲͬˣʡȥʱ䣬ǡǡȱľʱ䣡
ĿϢһԼָ״̬ʼ򴨵ꡣ
һͨȫļ䣬漰Ϣò
½ʱյֻǺСƬЩƬǰΪҲᳬʥˣЩƬʱԣҲǼ긺
䣬һ˲佫ԴʿϢӲĹȥһ㣬ΪϢ̫̫ӣԴҪĸоⲻһܳܵġ
о꣬ľѾͬնӲĳһͨ䣬Ȼޱȼѣ˲䱻龫֮
Ҫ֪򴨻˽£ҽļǳãܶණǵʮЩۻ
ſ֮ʱЩͬ˵̵ĺˮһ㱬׼ҲЩʧأ
æסٻս֮Х
꣡򴨵ֱӱս飡
üٶɨЩѵƬ󽫴õƬֱ
а򴨵ƽʣѣµĳеȵȵȵȡ
дաۡŮϴ䣬Ҳȫˡ
Щ䣬Ǿ򴨸ǧУʵŪŮ̫̫࣬ܶŮɲк뷲˵磬αװɽɻĴƽŮӣСģֻʮѡ
̶ֳȣҲʵһˡ
ͬˣŲͬ׷Ҫ׷۷壬ع棬׷ϣΪԶʵŮˣڵġģ֮ģͳͳƷ
򴨵ܿ챻˼ٿ飬ַͨʽųɾŵļ䶼ˡ
ʣµļ䣬빦Сйصġ
Ķ򴨹еʱȴһ£򴨻һٶ׹лһ䡣
ͨݣѧ䣬ʦһЩҪԣ˴ĲƸŵѧ䣬еǣΪ֡һ˫޹
򴨵Ĺһٶ׹ʮ׸˫йأǽӵ˼ˡ
Ҳ˴󲿷֣ЩƷ͵Ĺۣ䣬Ƕʵ̫ϧˡ
룬ǽ֡
һͻȻʶʲôֹͣ˶Ƭա
򴨵ָժֽ䣬һ飬ƿƿ޹ޣֵҩӶ˳
һöۺɫ򣬱һץסöǡ֡
˼ʮʱ䣬ͨʦְҵ˴ĲƸټؾõĴԵȻ׵һ
ʵпǾľ˼ˣ
ţʲôСħɿ˳ռ״̬רΪȡһö򣬶ʱоһˡ
һ䡭
ɿһεĿڡ
򣿡СħһһͨȻڤӶûУ
ڤֻײȱ䣬Ͳħʼ칬ѧϰħˡ
ǰʦȽϸԣöһؾеõģǽ߳ɣ̫ʺſóۣΪǴѪ㾡˰ˡ
ҿʲôСħЦ˵ţù


1555 ѧұ
Сħɽ֪̽һɨݺֱӴסˣʮ¶Ƕɫ顣
Ȼһ˫޹
Сħһ죬̲סһڣĸһѧĻܾȻֶ
һһԳϻȵ޴ġǶ˶ʾ֮һ·޵𡣡
Ķ򴨵ļ䣬Ȼ֪׹
޶˫˫޵ѧټ;٣һʥأǧʱ䣬δһĽӰˣ˫˫ɾļΪټħʼۣǵżǽѡ
һ޵𣿺٣Ҫһ޵񣡡
СħͻȻ˵һֱĿ꣬ǳɾ񣬶һǺԣǵ͹ˡ
һ޵붼СħɳڴҲǻǧżѻΪת
á
ЦĿʵֹɾҪԽʵ۷壡
СħЦĽ֡öСħɶԣҲֻǲնѣ߱˵·ĿԼʱ򣬴Լ֮·ֻܳԽǰˡ
ʱռ䣬ʼ򴨵ļƬһΣҪյؼ֡
ɱҪԭ
ԭ򴨷꣬Ѿ״̬ϾҪˣҲʧȥ˼ֵ£û˻ΪҲǰ벽
Ůӵ飬ǲܣɱˣʱһУȻҲͻˣû˻׷һʵϵĲп磬Ϊ֮⣬ûκηɿ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬صķš󷨡糱ˮһӿԺ
򴨳Ϊʦҩʦʮʱ䣬ȻƷΪ⣬ҩϵԹӲ
ϾʦĳϣҲǻʵƷʦ
Ҫ֪ʦᣬƷʦѾǴ˵ƷʦֻڼʮǰĻĹУ˵ƷʦˣеٮٮߣԵʦ᳤һְ
ӲҪʦߵΪȺŵĻƷʦ͵ͬʵϣȷʵкܶƷʦʵ
Ʒʦ൱ڽٮٮߣ൱ڴ
ƷʦʮǰΪͨ
Ʒʦ൱ʥ
Ʒ൱
Ʒ൱䡣
ˣʵϣƷƷʦ̫ͬˡ
侳ǿ߱ضǣƷʦȴ൱ĵλˣƷʦһ㣬ǰ;ԶĻǻܵ£
ǵʦ֣ϰʦżʮ꣬ĿǰֻƷȻˣҲɿͿģΪܿܳΪʦĳϡ
Ǿ˲õˡ
ϵĶ䣬ϢԽԽо·һشƴĺԼľ֮
ҧͷԼ˺ѵʹ࣬һһ򴨵ļ䡣
Щ֮У̺򴨼ʮĴҩĵľ顣
ȻɫԼıְרҵ˵ҩϾ൱츳ƷʦƷҩʦλϣ
ԼҲһֺ׷ɲŮӵĸڣ
ӵޱȾ˵ļܼǲ⼸ʮ˶Ůˣ⼸ʮÿһ֣µҩģǵеḶ́ϸڣĵã
εʵ飬ʧܣǳɹķϣ˴Ѫܽǰ˵ľ飬ͬʱԼļӹöޱȱݣ
Ҫ֪ʦȻ׬ǮͬһǳǮְҵõĲϣڵļֵһʧܣͻΪУʲôʣˣ
һʦҪһ㾡Ҫǹƥһ޳ɣʵ̫ѡ
ÿʦͻȻһЩϡŹֵ뷨Щ뷨ҪʵҪεãΪÿһ뷨ζҪϵͶ룬Ҿųɾŵĸʻʧܡ
ǼʧܣҲʧеõ֪ʶĻۣһɹֻǳɹһС֣ζž˵ļֵͲƸɹ֮ͻΪĳʦѹ׾УŲ⴫
Ҳǲɱ飬ϾоɱͶ̫ˡ
ټʦҲһ飬ڲʦΪԴչ־ܶʦԼͶǮоĳɹ䣬ͽܶδؿϴ£һɵ򴨼ʮļ䣬Щ֪ʶļֵѾ޷ýǮˣ
ں̵ܶʱڼǣʦѧϰ֪ʶҪʮ꣬Ҫڿ˼ֺʦòײѧ汾£ֱʦҪȽײˣǲŻƽһѧڣʱǵͽҲ䲻Сˡ
ʸֺʦѧ汾µˣʦ״ӣҲʦǣܶˣһ¼ʦĴᳬΣ̳ʲô
ÿʦٵʮʮġұ족ڣ򴨵пұ죬ѧ˸ɸɾ
ҪģǽЩĵڻͨԼ˫ЭϾ֪ʶٷḻֽŸģҲʲôûˡ
СħΪ˻Ԫ칬ʱ磬Զʮһ٣ʱ֮вϵ⣬򴨵ĵᡣ
ֱһ¹ȥѾ򴨳Ϊʦʮеļӡ˾֮У׳ΪĶ
һУһΪһδϢ̫Ѩͣͷȫˮʪ͸ˡ
Ϣʱָ
˫ۣȣǻ۵Ĺâ
֪һ߶ˣʦ䣬ô
ʡȥʮѧϰĿ๦
һħѧϰҩǲ飡
򴨵
ڴˣѧϰΪĵƽ·ϾȻԪĺ龫ʹãֻԼҩƵǵĵҩǣƷʦҪƷʦ
ֻƷʦպֻĲοȻǲοһЩ
߰ɣȥ֪ĵڶʦפء
˵䣬ɱ˸ڶʦԸûѶˣò֪û֪鱨ȻҲôб£Ϊʧȥֵûӻʦ
Ԫ칬˱Ůֱɶ϶ȥĿĵأֻаò˶ãܴﵽ


1556 
ĳǶϰԶһԾΰɽɽɽڻɽ֮УһʮţΪ̡
ֻνν֮Ȼ̾Ͻؾ䣬Ӣš
ִֻǧ֮ãǧʱ̷չ죬νΪŻ磬ķ׷׽̡
ѾǶʥأ֮ڣչͨʥء
ҫͬ棡
ǰټ㳡ϣ˰ݷȥǶ̵ĵӣǰλϣһɫ۵Ӷλ֮ϣ˵ĶĤݡ
̲һţҲһڽ̡
ŸڽڣһԴΪ齨ڽĳֽ塢Ϊ齨
ڣλϵӣ˵ͬǵ
Щˣ᲻ϵĴ̣չͽЩͽĲһЩȵͽĸԸΪȥ
λĽ츳ڣһһʦ
ܾ˲֪ٴ£ŻΪмҰģˣҪһԵλߣ£
ʱͻȻһݣһɲǣܵһݵɱԼɫһ䣬һԾ
¡
ڵλһµǹâݻ٣ͻıʣڳɫ䡣
һһŮˣƾճ˹㳡֮ϣСħɡ
Ʒʦ뷷⣡
̽䲢󣬵ʵʾͲ֪ˡ
˭ɫԷɱڣȻ߲ơ
뷷⣬ʥ۷Ϊʳڣʵͬߣ棬Ҳ츳ףʥ۷ΪƷ磬νţ
ȻݶӵмҰģκκˣҪŻ£ϲ˵ĳݡͷС
һؾУ뷷ΪһϹŴжԼĶʦȡ֮ԼΪڶؾеõϹŴС
ϹŴҪ֮뷷⽫̷չɸڽ̣ͽΪԼ𣬹Щͽû֪ǵ֮ȡ֮ԪҲʧʹΪͣͲǰ
ԪעԼ֮У˵֪ⷬԭ
һǰ뷷ʱɫˮ
һɺԣ
٣Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪǴؾտɲֹʦˣиļ֤ˣ̾ʦϹۣĵӣΪ˹ԼĽλȢŮɱŮȴǲ֪ĸ׾ԼɷУ
ľ󣬶ĸ֪Ϊ˵ⷬԸо뷷Ĳݴ˿϶֪Ϣǰ˾Ųʮˣ
һϢԪĵۣȻѵ֮ҲʵԵı֤
뷷⣬ʹˣҩϣв裬Ϊˣϧһ£̫߰δ֮ǰɣΪħŻ£ܾ˴룬Ҳʧȥ˴ıӻ죬֮գ
˵Ѫǹǹֱָ뷷üġ
ʱ̵ͽΪŭǷ׷ڿնΧܡ
ʲôˣð̣
ȻԵ֮ǧ꣬ң
̽ͽ׷׳ҪɱǶ̽ĳѾٹ̣˵ⷬ治ĻȻǴǵۡ
һȺģǱ֮СħɺһȺ޴ͽ֮Աǡ
ʱ뷷Ц޴ǣʧķ˰ɣΪȻԻڣͽ˵Ե֮ǧ꣬ң
뷷˵䣬ʱСħͻȻ֣һĲӰֱ뷷ȥٶȿ쵽˲˼ľأ
Ϊ̤˷֮СħɵʵҲΪֲ
һ֣
ڿСħɳ֣׷ҪչʱһεĴŲçۻϢǵĶһͣ޷ǰˡ
ĺɿռ䣬Ժ֮ιɿռ֮ЩΪֻʥڵ̹ǸǣںɿռҪŲӶǲܵ飬Ǵʱͬס˵ķɳ棬ԽͱԽ
ͽϣҲס뷷⣡
뷷ɫһ䣬ȫתʱСħѾɱ뷷ǰ
ųĿĺڹ⣬˺ѣһ˫֮չͬʱСħȼ˷˾Ѫ
֮󣬻һҪǿȼվѪ˼Դ
ţȻѪҲȴƣȼճɣͻõʧȼһ֮ҪָײȼվѪ
Сħɾûֹ˼ɣһΣͿȼ߳ɾѪκθãСħպɸε߳ɵҲȡȼգСħȼվѪĻָٶȣҲҪöࡣ
˵СħɶԣȼվѪа֮һʱԡ
һ޳ֱ뷷
ۼСħڵɱ뷷ɫ䣬ôҲû뵽˹Ź֣Ȼȫɣ
صһɲǣ뷷ǰֳ˾ŵķŵķһȼգһͼסСħɵһޡ

һ죬ͼ飬뷷Ҳô˻ᱬһ˶
Ʒʦбƣʥ۷ΪȻںɿռ֮£ǿеֵɶȫһ
ʦ֣ʦǹ¼ҹˣϵķԼƵģ
뷷ͳķһģһӯӯıףͬʱ˫ӡһһֱСħɶ
뷷ڵıҩʦշΪԼã뷷ǿУֻٻڻ֣Ҳ뷷ѹֶˡ
СħһЦԻܣֱ˹ȥ
꣡
ɫ˫絶һ趯ֱӱСħ˫и˼Σžһ죬ֱӻҷˣ
һĻ뷷Ŀɿڴͬʱӿһɾ֮УŮӵԼȫһȻһƽˣ
ˮ˷˳ǰ𣬻ԻԷˣ
׿ǲ̸Сħɵʵһ۷ʥܹģ۷ʥеٮٮҲһοԷû𹥻ֱԼ


1557 ڻͨ
㿴ʲôĻ档
Сħ˫һչɫĻһȼգȻ濴ңΧնΪŤˣɼȶȡ
뷷һɫ䣬ϵѾʵ£
ʵ𣬵ʵ˫ͬʱﵽµʱ򣬻⾳˵߲㣡
Сħڣʵϸ˵ĵ߲㣬ˣҲʮֿţܶϵĽⷽ涼Сħȡ
꣡
뷷ϵıֱӱСħɵĺѣ뷷ӱպڣȻɴҪֽȡķƴһʱ򣬺ɿռٶֱӽ뷷ж
ͬʱСħɵĳޣɼʮӰ׶һֱ

뷷⾪ûɢƴĴ߶ȫԪҪȻڼʮӰĴ֮£뷷ȫԪ˲ĳ뷷ϴ̳˼ʮѪ
ʱ뷷ǿֽȡ˵ڶķѾɫ԰ףҺһԵȥˣ
СħɵϹ֮£ԭʵͲ̫뷷ûκη֮սһʼע˽֡
ʵ뷷;ƿݵħ򴨻һ㡣
ߣ
Į˵Сħһ˦޽뷷˸ʵʵ
Щͽô죿Сħʵ
ǣڻǷǣպ·Ҳûʲô·Ҫ
˵䣬廯һ磬ƿնȥСħɽ
׽ĵڶʦƷʦƷҩʦ뷷⣡
Ȼħ򴨲̣ճ̶ȣȴй֮޲ؾΪ˱ԼĶʦĹεڤӺܷϽΪ޼Դʹޡ
аǣʦ뷷Ϊ˹ȨӭȢʦŮŮӻΪ⣬뷷ʱְ֣οΣ̬һ֮ţ֮£뷷ҪʦŮʵ̫ˡ
ں뷷Իڣڽ̣֮ԼȻҲǼΪ𣬵ǰ棬ʲôˡ
һԱ֮ˣ๼
Ҫǣɱ뷷ûʲôѶȣţȴƫƫҪŻһϣʮ֪ܽ鱨һȷʵ˲ɣǿרռ鱨Ĺļ
ܿɱ뷷꣬һȡӡ뷷곹ɡ
뷷䲻󣬼ϢҲٵö࣬ӣڻԪ칬ʱУֻһ¾ȫˡ
뷷ʥ۷ͽƷʦȫ츳Ȼ۾ۻ򴨣ˣ뷷ȴкܶ뷨͹˼·Ϊṩ˲
ɱ뷷֪֮ṩʦѾɵˡ
һҲ򵥵һ
ԷֻһƷʦΪʥڣɱʮɡ
ԭ·һ̷Ϊӱ׷ɱ·ԸƧ졢̣κҲûмʦᡣ
Ϸʮһ˳нħ򴨻Ůưˣַ˼ʱҵ˵ʦڳС
ûκѶȵҵ˴ˣҷǳɵɱˣʦļ䣬Ѿˣ
ڻԪ칬ʱµʱ䣬ʦļڻͨ
һȴԶӡ
ãҲ㷺ö࣡
ֻΪ֣ϣڵҩϣӵҩЧҩϣϣǿȵ
ķҲֻǻǰ֣һѧϰ
ӵЧԶ
ʯɽ𡢻ˮΪͣⶼǸıʽṹֶΣ̬ı䣬޵Ʒʦܹ߱ķ
ʦᣬһֳͷ߱ǧ꣬ܳͷ߱ʱ򣬻ᱣǡ
˵ǣ壬ζȻˡ
֮⣬ķ㷺;ֱսС
֮ǰ򴨺뷷óķͿԻܣ߻Ļ򡢷Сȵȡ
ʦķԷãֻҪעԪɡ
żΪ;֡
ɶҪչһӣϰȻĳǣ
ɱʦҲõǵֽ䣬ЩʦҶ뷷ˣЩͨڽ̻˴ĲƸ
ԪĻΣҪǣЩʦָлдĲϣЩϰ֮á
ʦĲ϶ڵƷеˣҪӵͼʦʼʼõȻǵͼϣЩĳǺ򵽡
ʹԪ칬ɻĳǡ
ĳרϵгҪɹĲϺϵĻʦȽϷ㡣
ʦעʦõŻݣȻǡ
ʦṺϵʱó˳Ĳ嵥һˡ
һ׵׺ƳۣͷϴŰ˽ñ΢ֵͷ˹

һʶľתȥȻȴͷƼˣͷܺãһӾϳ
ͷǱˣһʦʱĻʦ̯
̯ģɳﶼե͵ϧǣǱˣʵ̫⣬پҲϲ
ͷе飬ϼһºоʲôԾɡ
ʵѾɣͷҲûʲô취ʵף¶Է
ף㣡
ͷЦеĿıУȫǷڡ
ԭǰɰ
װſͷӣЦǺǵ˵
ѽ
ͷƳһ嵥ϵݣдĵͼϣȻǵͼʦʦѧͽͼҩʦŻõġ
һвõʦʦҩʦṺЩϰȻЩҲ۸񲻷ƣûһĲ
һ嵥ĲϣļֵкüˣвٲȻõģǼ۸Ҳǳһҩʦݳ޲ϣںصЧЩܷԼˮƽǿ۸
ͷ˼°ͣͻȻ֮ǰ˵־ҪΪʦĻˡ
ҪѧѽɼΣɼΣ
¶Ź֮ɫô⻰ڷ
ǻͷЦҪôǷôǷӣ˸߶Ȼǿڲģ˵ء


1558 Υĸо
ɿһӦĻشֻԣ벻ɣÿûⷽ츳ˡ
㵹ֹۣͦƺǸѧûʼѧɣ
ͷźӣЦе˵
šƵĵ˵ͷԻʮꡢʮ˵һǲǸѧһ۾ܿ˾Ųʮȫһֱ
οǰʱ򻹶ԻЩһ֪˵ԼʦѧͽʲôģҲ̫ˡ
ͷڡޡˣȻν͡ɼΡĿޣʵԲ쿪ֻһ֮ң
ͷЦշƵӣʵ˷ֲ˼ǰ߻Ǻߡ
Щϣ湻ݳ޵ġͷ嵥һĿţ̾Ǯѧôڣѽݰɡ
ɴ಻شˡ
˵ҪҪͽܣͷͻȻһ˵
һһôõ¶
Ȼ˵ôҪ˽̣ʦͽǷǳصһ£һƷʦ˵ҪͽĻ֪ж˻ἷͷֻǵһӣǶĪҫ
ֻϧԽǸ߼ʦǶͽܵҪԽߣһʦӣҪΪǵͽ̸ף
ڣͷȻҪͽܣоȣѵͷ츳죬Զͽͷ
оԼѧϰĻħҲֻԷֵóƵˣǶԻԣǿǻ㲻ơ
أͷһ仰ʱҭˣ˵ǣҵͽܣһ¸ˣȻǵȼ۵ĲϣǾ͸
ͷ˵ţ쿪һ塱ơ

ˣԭͽΪѧѡ
Ϻ꣬Ҿ˵ôôáСħԪ˵ҲǿЦĻӦһʼˣʵ̫ˡ
ߣͷôģԼͽܶỵ́ôܽİˣҿ˭ͽ˭ù
Сħɸ̵˵ʦǱ䣬ҲǷ̶ֳȵģСħԤͷ۵Ҫ
ͷֻˣʵòҪһ°ɣҲ̫ˣ
ȻǴĵӣЩ϶˰ɣҽ㣬ЧԸá
ͷ˵һӣһСӣ׫дġص䡷㿴ѵŶ
Ƥǣһ£ǲʲôϣѵĶкûô
šص䡷ܺʵӣܲ鶼ϹɣҲô΢Ҳ˵
ѡص䡷ˣͷٺһЦҲ㼸º͵øıˣʱҹҸ˵ģ࣬ټ츳Ҳ̫ڣϷֿʿĻһʦδؿأͷ˺á
ͷԹԵ˵ţСħȥˣιô˵ģǵ츳ֿó
ٺ٣¶µòҲͷǸʲôġ
ͷԽеӣı˼ǵҹѦ˵ѦʦͿҵ
˵㲻ǲȱǮôͻȻһ㣬ʵ֮ǰѦͷġ
£ͷеҲ˵ˣвãԪģЩҲģ˵˭Ǯ಻ǣ
ͷ˵仹üֵʳָĴָǰ˴꣬һԪĵơ
ʵԽԽǷ⣬Сħǿųִ˵ĳ嶯ųʦᣬҪĲѾˣûҪﳶƤˡ
ԪģµĲҲѻСɽˡ
ЩӣνǮˮѵԪĻȥĲƲԽԽˮ
ʦʦȷǮְҵͼϼ۸ͲˣŵȼֻԽԽʦʦȻ׬ܶĲƸֲƸõĸоӳڳɳڵʦˡ
ЩΪѾ͵ʦǶ뾭ñȽϿԣΪǻϵĲƸҪٺܶˣʲôĶһ㲻ȱǮˡ
Щ׬ԴķˣպΪƽ·ֻԽԽ࣬ʱһˡ
ţСħһһʦС
λˣʲôԸ
һˮŮӭСħɡ
Ҫһһķ䣬һꡣ
һҩʦҶԼרҺңлӳ󷨣ĵЧͳɹʡ
Ԫ칬вûʩԼֺʱҪѧϰһˡ
ʿҪʲôƷķأõֺŷҲбȽϺõĵֺŷֺŷͨˮ
ͨľˡ˵ȱⷿǮǳѧǲҪ̫ȽϺãԽĻԽܶ
ã
Ůһӵʯ֮С
ʯֻɼм׵󷨣ǿȺߵĸ֪ǿȣͬʱһ򵥵ҩ¯Լһʯ̨
ɹһʱ䣬ʦļʱ磬ϰȴãΪҪķͨʱŤ
룬ûеһʱ俪ʼҩģóѦͷдġص䡷Ͼôһ飬ܸеϰɣѦͷҲݣˣٿţҲдһʲôֵûе飬Լɣ
ţص䡷Ȼܿͷ֣Լһѣظ߹ѦͷĽڲٵߡ
⡶ص䡷ǰ棬ȷʵ漰һЩʵõ֪ʶͼɣȻЩ֪ʶͼÿÿؼԵĵطͱɿհˣ
ȻѦͷֻῪʼһ֪ʶͼɣٽؼĵطֱɿհס
˷һ飬ʲôݶûУȫǵθڵĶ̲סһֿڡҲģûôģ
ͷֱëռһˣ졣СħҲǼʶˡ
ƶѧҸǮȱǮˣֻǲ֪ҪʲôֻߣΨͼӡ
ҡҡͷȥ룬óʯ̨ϵıʣԪУһɲǣһɾΥ˵ĸоӿͷ
ָоޱϤҲЩж
֪ˣһεʰķѾõ
ʦǶӣ֮·ʮҪһ׶Σ߹˳ѧ֮ʱǶѵ¡
ңԼΪǵԭʰָоʱǶλ䣬Щ꣬һҪɱ䣬Զ޷


1559 ¶
½ʱѾǽӴܳʱҲӴ
ڳİ
ȡһΪĲϣǣڰУҪȡ֭Һ
һССĲ裬Ͳ򵥣ѧˣΪƿͷȣҪһĳȡҪϰٴεĳԡ
ÿʧһΣڻٵ˼ֵƵĲƸ
һʼʱ򣬸Ǯ꣬½ϰʱΪʡǮʼʱûʹòϣʹԪƣѧϰٶȣȻ޵ĺܡ
Һʵǲ˽ʡˡ
ɫרעһϵϣԳȡ֭ҺʱһڼϤӿͷϤУָ׸ʹ
ɱʦһǶƵĻ˼ΣѾޱϤǵӡѾĨȥˣϤɱ֮УһʼͶǿȵƿأָоͻһ㡣
ͣ
֭ҺǣԻ״ֿѦͷˣһĳѧߡ
ıʣһ֭Һϣʼ֭ҺĶٵĻƳһϸСķġ
˵ǿٻƷģʵϸֶֻĲ˲ͽĻˡ
ģֻС
ȻƳһɲǣҡͷʵǻʧˡ
õĶˣһλ߰˴ĵطȻһöϸСķģҪİƳҲô׵ġ
ʦָ֮£Լ״֪ôǶԵģΪֽźȫЭŻʧܣֻҪͨϵϰֱסָо
ԣʦѧͽûĴǺܶʱ֪ԼҪϵʦ̣ǵʦҲԼҪΧͽܣְֵĽ̡
̵öˣ˭᲻ͷʱ򣬾ҪԼˣԺõģܽᾭ飬ҳԼ
ԲУֻ˵ʺϳΪһʦ
һһεĳԣʼڻͬһģܽһĻƳɹպٻƵڶĵĻȶӺܶ࣬ôˡ
һССķģ̺仯ÿһ٣ϴʮָߵҪôҪעĶʦļ䣬ҪҲǷǳѡ
ҶһϸСĽṹΪӣǿ񣬺ͷıǷȵ⣬ᵼ²ͬʦͬһöϸСĵԪӳ̶󣬴ʦϸСģܱʦѧͽЧϼ
һķɳǧϸСĹɣÿһЧҪĻôۻķЧصĲࡣ
ͬһķѧͽķɹҲֻǿʹãʦķȴ൱ɹ۵ļ۸
ҪľǾ󾫣ûÿһĶ
ҪĲͨʦҪΪʦһΪǵĺ»
һδεʧܣȴʮֵģһһεĳԣĲϱ÷ϣ⡣
һʦѧͽķĻ͸֧ˣȻΪǿټľԶй֮޲ʧܣҲʼܹ֧
Ȼ֧Ҳûмޣһһһҹֻ֮ͷѣķʧ󲻶ϣһöĻû꣬Ϊ̵ĸо
һʻƵʱͻȻоͷѣΣȫֱ̱ʯϡ

һ죬ǰһķڰбըѤõ̻ʧ
͸֧ЩķȻ޷ٱȥֱӻˡ
ЩҲÿϧƳķȻгɹģҲ
û°ɡ
Сħɿɫ԰ףеѯʵһʯ֮УȫĵͶ뵽ķĻ棬ȻûעСħһһҹʱ䶼Щʲô
һãϢһ¾ûˡ̫ѨŷСħһۺɫȻղԼʱСħɾڿˡ
ǡ֡
һ£ŷӦ֡õ˫䡣
ѽһ춼ڿ
СħЦ˵Ȼûʲô˼ı飬ϻķһϼһʱ使ޡ
ֻһ˱չǼįģһαչضǼʮ꣬ʮʱֻԼһˣѰͷˣǼ㣬ʮļįҲеƣѡ
˫޾Ͳˣٶȸ죬̱һܣ˺ܶ߶˫޹ڹɽֵʱΪͻƾ硣
ȻַãʵʩȴδףҲ˵ҵ֣֡˫һ̤𾳽д䱾ޱѣ˵˶˫޹£һʵ˫ް£ʮֲס
˫ҪĻҪŮ˫ϣӡ˲˫޵ĹУȫںϣųһ״̬ǿģûи˫޵Чֻۿۡ
ǵˣ˫޻Ů˫Ѫ츳Ҫһ׵׵ķŮӣ߸ϡƽŮ˫ޣǸͲκЧַֻйˣ˷ԼľԪ
ʱѾʧȥ˼ֵĵòˣ˵൱ƶʱѰҵ¯Ҳһ츳Ů˲ɲ塣
Ȼ򴨸޷ЩŮӡֻҰӵķʽɲЩŮӣֱǲɲԪʧԡ֡ԣʵǱˡ
Сħɣ˵˫ް£ǲӡͬʱ˶츳ߣʵѪڣ˵Ѫ飬ֱһ˫ˡ
ڡ֡жЩʲôɿһ̲סʵоǽڴСħ֮䣬ų໥һʱĸоĴ̼ô򵥣־ϵϣҲνġ񽻡оԡ
Ҳ˵һţأԣǴ¶
Сħ˵ţ˵˴ϣ˾ţһʱ䴺ɫޱߣУҲܸܵϵѪСħһķʽͨţ֮£ԽԽԲڣԽԽǿ
Ȼķʽǡ֡ķˡ


1560 
伶˫޹ָСħԼ˫޵ȻһٶȻܶࡣ
֡Ĵ󲿷ƪ¶͵вҲвȻжŮ˫кô˫֣֮Ҳǡǡǡ֡ľڡ
֮ܶ֡Ҫǹ̸ʵΪٶʮֿ£Сħɺˡ
ƾЩΪ֡ս治ôɫǾʹˣ֡ͬӵй˵似ҪŮ˫ʩչʩչĹɲһһڶô򵥡
˵ǶȻ˵жֻϵʵȴܹԿҲ·еĵλױȣ
Сħһ˫ʱԭ͸֧еΪ̵ĸоȻ˫޹УΪһֱСħΪûô൱ܡ
Ҳ֮е飬Ȼ̳򴨵ļ䣬Ͼûֱ֡ʩչĻЩ衣
ģоԼľСħˮ齻ڵĹ˼̶ȵĻָһδ֮±ȣΪתһҲǿ
оѾԽԽˣ
ʱͻƵǵʱΪһڶ壬аڶ̶֮ڱͻƣ
ɲһӣһ֮ǰڣֱ
Сħɣٶȱй֮޲
СħɱС꣬ڵһη֮ͬﵽڶ壬ڻ֮ǰ
⹦Чá
Сħ㺹죬ƺɳڸղŹɽļ֮УģȫͮͮһƬһŮӣڵȪ˺ܾãȫͨ죬һܼˮһ
ȷʵãѵã⻹˫ʽ䣬ҪһޣһͿԵġ
ȻӵඥƷĹ硶顷֮⣬󷨡ƷҲ֮ϡ
Ȼ׹ȱȻܶǵһȻҪͷʼͻƾȴǺѡ
ⷽ棬ֳ֡ˣСħһʼʱ򣬵ǣֶܸоԪļοڣ˹꣬飬ЧȻױˡ
Сħ˫֮о״̬ãǣ֪ƣһοʼ
ʱһʱ䣬ٻķʱоԼ̶һ硣
˫ۣӡԼԺЩӡļֳ֮Է·ͻһ㡣
ֳıʣʼķĻơ
ı˲ϵҺһѤõķ³Σһʼ߰˸ĲܻһΣľܻһˡ
ÿһγ˴ҲܸʦļܿҵԼķһʦѧͽĪ
ģϵľԼĴһһϸСıƳڿС
ϡĲϣлǻɷģǳױϡ
ķĽҪֻǹ̶ѣУˮƽȲš
ʮ졪
ͷǺƳһģһɲǣƯǧһĹâںһγһģڰС
רעֽȡһö·֮ģԼںΪһһ̣˵һöķ
ļжϣöķܶطòӦ˵ʮֲִڣûʲôʵüֵϾɹĵһķպĲ죬ķЧԽԽá
ԸԼ⣬ķļԸĽ
£ʱһһյţÿϰķ͸֧֮󣬾Сħ˫ޣһʱȥˡ
һ֮УСħɵΪԽԽƽڣͬʱڵͼķĻϣѾ¯ࡣ
ʦ䶼뵽ԼУҪľȥʦᣬͨʦˣͬʱһӽɱŵѪ£õԵ䡷ĵƪ
ֻҪ˺ʵΪȲӵиʱδĴ֮վȽŸ


1561 ʦ
ʦʦÿ궼оУΪѡ˲ţʦ
Ϊ⿼ˣÿ궼дӿĳǣϣܹõʦϿɣؿڴöΪʦ¡
ЩˣĳǣҲ·طþ
˵峿վʦĴſڣʦׯµңһ
ΪʦעʦһͿԸ׵ĽӴɱŵѪ£Լʦݣ뽻Ե䡷ĵƪ⣬οѪȻӵСԵ䡷ĵƪʵ׹ѪµİҲΪԼͻԪˣǡ
ڵŶ
ں˼ʱͻȻһŮͷһֻһɫʦ۵Ůӣһ׷ԲԵߣƺȲҪʦˡ
ŮӿСħɲ䣬ʦ֮£ĿߣӦķ൱ˡ
Ůӵ֮ϣһĻ£ǻֻƿһģûκ·ʦѧͽŻĻ¡
ڱŮŵͷһ·һЦ˵ʲôʲô˻һʱſʼأ϶ûˣЩϼһǲһֵ̾ġ
ͷ˵䣬Ƴһؿڵʦ£·ȻƷʦ
һ·ϣ׺ϸСģζƷʦжμģ˵Ʒϵʦ
˲õĳɾͣҲζߵΪܴܿﵽ˴磬㲻ǣҲȥԶ
·Ľ࡭
Դ׼·ⷽԭͻʮ˽ܣ·ˣοĳǻ·ĳ֮һʥʲôľ̫̫ˣҲʼ
ŵʱʱؾصһǶƷʦľأǰʵʦʦҲܷϡ
߽ȥʱ򣬾ȻûôõĴˣûһۣȥ
ҪμʦˣҪκżһ㣬ҪԼ׼ͨʦṺֻͨʦˣЩǮ˻ҲΪ˷ֹЩʦѧͽŲײ˼ʦĳ
ڻ֮Уֽ䣬׼ݲϣΪһƷʦˣΪ˶Ʒʦˡ
ҪڶʱڣԼʦƷȥΪõˡԵ䡷ĵƪҩҲҪϡϣЩϡϣûһƷʦݣҪĻʮּѣ
˴ʮһѾڵȺˡ
֮ǰſżŮ֮⣬ĳǵʱʶǺ磬ǽ꣬Ҳʼʦˡ
ף
ɣ㡣
˵Ҳɣʱ㣬Ǻ֮ǰֻʦѧͽҲȷʵ۵ʦˡ
þòЦŴк
ʲôգ۾ʵûһ𿼺ʦġ
ɿһ𻰣ʱ̴ľűƿпˡ
תͷһʱЩˡ
µĿһŮһɫۣ磬ȫһ֮
ȻþʵĲŮŵʦ֣һ˫۾С񣬿һֻͷһǰʦżѦͷ
ѦͷһѣһöƬ׵ı鱦ƬȥƺҲûº㷴һΣΪͽûϡ
ĵëϼһҲͽѦͷͽܵŮӣо˼飬ܾ˭ͽ˭ù
ѦͷЦݣ֮Ŀ˿˷һ߽ʦϣҲʦſƷʦ
ϣȻ컹㡣
ٺ٣ⲻôǰ棬ҴӰɲǳһƷʦģҪƷʦʱ۸˹
˵ţЦſһԵİŮӣӰŮŵ΢ЦȻԳƷʦһЩա
ˣͽҲǳŶƷʦģǲѦͷԣΪŮӵǫ飬Ц˵ʦ̫߿ˣƷķֻɰջƳɹˡ
ɣ
ǫ飬Ȼˣȴͷһʦˣʱʱ䣬㹻ķˣһʧˣеڶΣΣܱ֤ɳɹʵĻпܱͨˡ
һԼͽӰĸеӰδܴﵽɵĳɹʡ
İʦ˵ѵɣҵҪ
Ӱ꣬ĵͷʱѦͷͻȻһһž͸϶ˣûôעⷿߣɨȫŷ֣ⷿиˡǸһȴû׵
СӣǡѦͷ˵䣬˿ļƣٿеıʣ¶һŹ֮ɫСӣǧ˵μʦ˵ģ
̯̯֣źȻȷʵġ
ѦͷˬʵЦһЦţһ÷ֵָͷָѽ㣬һڶҰɣ˵㲻翼ǿҵĽȽϿףͽΣҪǿʴӱ棬һء
εʼ磬̾һ˵治Ƕ㡣
£ѦͷЦֹסˣÿ˵һǰ⺺ھμʦˣǲ˵İɡ
ˣԼǮҲܲš
˵㻹ǿǵͽܱȽϺáѦͷһΡ׻׻̻塱
εǰͽҪ̫ߣʵܲˡ
˵䣬ƳһѦͷŮȻѦͷľڵĵӣҪ̳ȫ²ѦͷרŮμʦˡ
֪Ůʲôر֮˵Ѧͷۡ
Ѧͷͽշѵ飬ϹЦѦѽ˵ʲôãСǮҲӣ
ȻŹѦͷĻᣬѦͷƤ൱ĺ񣬱һǮһֻҸҿļ۸ȻֵãСӣԣѧ֤ѧǿöࡣ
Ѧͷظ֤ٲʲôʱűƿһῡܻ֮С
˿ǸʮĻ꣬л˫ĿûеʦţֻȻһˣ


1562 
߰˳ߣ۾䣬ͬѩɽϵĲȪһ㣬ͷرһͷ˳κŮӶἵʣʳɫ·ʵˮ
һӣһָ߹޵Ϣƺĵһ㡣
ĳ֣ʱȫע⣬ҲͶȥ΢΢Ŀ⣬һĸо
ѡһ̨վ֮Ųմأ̤նУΪȫţʵʣ˽£ýӴ档
һķʽַ걣գõ
Ѧͷͷĳ֣һۣǴӶԷпһĨ֮ɫ
ϣܵһϢټŴ磬Լ޹ʣʲô
Ѧͷ΢΢˵ˣǳ
ѦͷͻȻڣʱȫע⣬Ƿ׷ͶµĿ⣬ڳԻӶ࣬ԻԣŷǷ塣
˵ĵͷԼĳһ£ڳˣǡ磬Ŀ⣬һĨη֮ɫ
ǻʥأ
ĳȻˣ棬ĻĳȻȲ
ô
һ롣
ϸпӢ۳ѽ·󶥼顢죬ΪʧٶûЩͿˣ۱ºͻ񾳣Ǿ͸׳һˣҿʵʵʣҲһе̳ɡ
ĻߣطĻ˵ǾǾǻĻ׹һ㾩ǴҵӣλҪôһ㣬ǰȻᣬպȻΪһҪԲܽѰСϺѦеλʦҲ߿һۡ
국ĵ̳ҵ˲żüãӰˣʮǰʦʦƮˣоĴߣ˵ĳǵ˫ʶһ
䲻¶һɵţȻĳǣҲ̫ףĶ֮Увپʦ
ĳֻʶһģ硢ˣѧյġ
ʦˣ˵Ҳֻһ֤Լֶΰˣǳʦ䷢Ļġ
ԭӣʧ䣬ѦҲɫ
ģҲȻġֻбȽһ𣬱ԣλر
ο˻˲żüѽһӰһѾһеٮٮߣΪο˻Ƕ˵ıû뵽һɽһɽߣٽ˿ʼ˽֣ܳˣʲô֣
ϹЦţꡣ
΢΢֣³֣ݡ
˵䣬Ӱ֮Ů꣬ĿдƵս⣬ͷ˵οȷʵԤϡ
ݣȻΣǿԷĳܲ²һˣûе汾£ôܻʦᶪˣ·лľˣ
ݽľ֣
ϡѦϺ̸ĹУĿâ


ν
ǰѾδܿΪĳԭԼĸ׷ɱƽȡ
б꣬Ҳǧʱ䣬
ĸ磬⣬𣡻˵
ڻľ䣬ҲνĹһһף
ܿͨһС
Ϊʲôȣֻ˵һ֡𡱡
ֱԼҪ뿪ȣ͸¶˸Ϣ׷ɱˣ׸磬˸֮ӵӦֻҪһȣܸӦǲ߳ˡ
̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ԺͷʱͻȻһѵ
Ȼһֲ²⡣
ԥһ£Ҫ֤ʵ²⣬˵Ǹһ¡
ţ
ԭ˶Χת£ͻȻԵ÷ǳͻأУȷʵۣܲѦͷǡ֮⣬û˻ע⵽ҲΨһֵעһ㣬ǾҲֻһ壬ˣǻߡ
ʦʵ֮١
ݡͷӰ˶ֻǿһۣδѦͷЦеģƵĿʵôСӣǲӳˣ
Ѧͷҵģֵ˽̫࣬ûɣԼЦ
ʵһ£ǰʲôʱͻģ
һݶʱüͷһ壬ɫĿĿ۱µĳƺţҲֱģ
һȣȫɱţϣͱˣָоͷ·һ̾Ҫһ㣡
һʱѦͷæЦĴԲ۱µ˭Ҳֱģ㲻ǻˣҲ֪£ξ˰ɣɲ´ѽ
䣬еʱȷʵЩܻ䣬˹֮УƺʱǶȻҽֻŵģĪ˵ֱ֣дУҪõֵ֣ʱҪ档
ˣȻܶ𣬶һֽ֮е飬ʵûκκøС
ѦͷһۣѦͷȻΪ˵㣬ĳʵҲΪԼΧҲ²̨˵һ䣬ȷʵ֪
ţ´עˣǸʻ۱ºʱͻƵ񾳣ѦͷֵĿһۣ֪ΪͻȻʱʡ
ǣ򵥵Ļش
šۣһͻ񾳣Ѧͷ˵䣬չ˹֣ʾԻ۵𾴡
ꣿ
ĿһоԼĲ²ܸ׼ȷˡ׼ȷʱأ
׷ᣬѦͷҲ΢΢ˣϸʲô
Ļش׼ȷʱʮ꣬۱ͻ֮գн¾ɫ٣ɫ䣬峯ݣ±ʥ䣬ǻʢ֮һĺǲ̫Щ۱ºʱͻкθɣ
ţ֪ˡ
һĿ
ͻʱ䣬𱻱ȵʱ࣡


1563 ˿ʼ
Уദʱ䣬ۼû̸ԼĹȥֻбã۲˵һŵ֣Ҳǧꡣ
ʱʮһеǧʮ꣬˵ʮǺϣ
ⲻܲ롣
ܵĽ;ǣʱҪɱ죬ʵΪһʸ񣡻һֵܶĳһ˽Ķ絤ҩ֮࣡
ĳɹߣΪ֮󣬽ȡ
֮ǰ;֣˱ֵܣֵ֮໥֣ݺ£˿ɵУʲôֵܷĿɳ
˵ֵһʸĻǾͽ͵ˣ
񾳶ջʵ̫ˣΡԪħʼЩˣΪ񾳣Ҳϸ൱Ĵۡ
նԪ񣬻ԪصԼ紴ֻħʼʥһ壬Ϊ񾳣
ңԭһ벻ͨͬ츳ˣƵΪ񾳣컹ֻһ󲽣಻һ㡣
˵ǰֵܶⷢĳܹɾֻܳɾһˣΪӺĻһо˵ͨˣ
ԭȣΪһʸ񣡡
ипǰֵ׳꣬ν緢żȻ֪ͻɹǰ;ʷ
˭֪Ūˣͷ쾹Ǳֵʧȥ˳ɾĻᣬԼҲȿాǧ꣬;ƿݣ
˾ֻһʵԸᣬҲԸ뵱ľ֣в֪̺˶ٿѺͱʹ
аģպһҪΪֻһ
ţʱִ´ӿ˴˽ڼִµУһߡ
Щˣο˵Ŀˡ
ʦĳϣÿʦˣȻӦԵĶֻһȺȻʦỹǻɳһ֡
ټѦͷͷĻڳʦˡ
һţѦͷԪµԷ˵ˣ֮󣬲Ŀݣ΢Цͷǰɣڴı֣
ߺݵͣȻˣҲ̫䣬ɨȫ˵ǣҲڴǵı֣ܣϣǶܳΪʦȻΪ˱ȽϸԸʵֵĿԲ󣬹ݣܹϸ˶֮٣Ҫյһˡ
˵䣬ĿݡӰɨˣǽѡˡ
˵УӰŮԾԾԣɫȻһеӡ
̬óԼƽʱˮƽС
Ѧͷ˵ŶԼͽ˱ȴĴָʾò˵ͷȻ˿۵ҪǧټƵҪռˣǶͽܣǷǳ
Լͽ˵꣬ѦͷĿתƵϣһЦ˵СӣҲͰɣҲõڵʲôǣҪȻͲǲˣǲˡ
Ѧͷ˵ЦҲ΢΢һЦǻ񣬶һͷӣЩøˣͷĳڳؾ֮У˺౻մˣٲᱻͱӡ
ſ˳վ̨ǰʦϾҪʽʼˡ
ĬĬĿһۣԼıʣοݣһ⣬ʮӵСˡ
ʱ˫ֵʹһ޹صӣıʶûȥãֳױȵš
һƷʦˣÿ˲ʧܴʱһһƷķأڿʼ
۳ޱ˵ǲʧܴǲǮԼģû˭еûһδε̣ԼĲϣҶԵͼʦ˵ʱ֮ڣҲһƷķĻƣҲ˵ʧΣѾ濼˲ͨˡ
ſ˵Ŀʼ࿼ǣѸٵĿʼϣıЩϵ֭ҺʼһһӵĻơ
Ҳ⣬˴λѡķΪǿ
ǿ֣ȴһĻ䡣
ʮʱΪԴ򹤵ʱõħ̳ħһʦļƵĵһķǡǿ
ȻǸǿ·ġǿһڵġǿ˳ǧ򱶣ʱġǿֻʦ֮ͼ
Ȼˣʱԣ롰ǿĲϣҲҵ
Ϊ˽ʡЩսĲϣһʼơǿ᲻ò֭ҺøɰͰ͵Ԫ棬֪ʧ˶ٴΣûûҹϰÿ춼ϰ͸֧Ļȥ
ĵʽ״̬£˲֪ŬŽǿƳȻǿһѵĹ̡
ûʶĵ̣õĽǾֻܾýǿѧͽķİײ˼ۼۣĹ̻ǰŮ£еᣬΪ˵ˡ
뵽Ķƺڻơǿʱ򣬼ʮǰĳǰһһӹһ·߹⻷ʱڻ֮·ĸо޸п
ԼĻ֮УÿһʣÿһƵ൱൱档
ߣʼնֻһˣǾѦͷ
ѦͷԭЦ⣬Ǵ㿴ܵĳʲôֱʼơǿʱѦͷϵЦȴϣȡ֮Ǿ֮ɫ
Ĺ֮Уʦûиʮ๦⻹ʦ̵¡
Ȼţʦְֵָ㣬֪޲޲ĻôʮѧһƷʦҲûʲô⡣
ݾѧϰʮ꣬ҿӣֹһƷʦ
Ȼ츳ףѦͷҲţ㣬һʱ䣬ѧаۣķĶȻǱʷǳȽȦɵ㣡
ʵݡ
ߣ
СӡôģѵԭͽӴһǰװŲ
Ѧͷ룬ȴ̫ܻôĹⶺԼʱװŲһʲô壬˭ҲСԡ
ѵʲôֻʦָ㣿
ʱѦͷԼͽˣȫ˼ϣסÿһܽ״̬ȥĻôһЩܣһһƷķ
Ȼ˵ʲô̫磬ϾĶ죬һһƷķҪǧϸСɣдһᵼȫʧܣ
ʧܣѦͷޱȿֲ츳ˣ츳ȥھܳΪһƷʦ֮ھܳΪƷʦʮͷƷ
һٶˣ


1564 ʦʸ
ʱѾʼ˼ʮϢʱ䣬ѾɹʮϸСĽṹ·ٶȺһһȽκë
Ȼйоصıֳö֪֪׵ѦͷĪ֮⣬ˣȴȥע
ǸעӰŮϡ
˵ķƿνɷ裬ʤաԭʮָˣͬˮ۵даףϾµıʣɫ޵Ĳ֭ҺлƳĹ磬á
˾տļɺַúܶǰĦ˵ˣһЩִ£̾ѡ
Ůķǿ˵һˡ
ϺѦϽ̳ͽܣӣõʦʸûʲôѶȰ
ִԪţΪ׵İ΢΢һЦ˵õʦʸûʲôѶȣǿ²Ǹǣûء
۳˵ţʾһ£Ƿ׷ȥ˵ˣݡ
˿ʼ˶ʮϢʱ䣬ݾȻɴֶûж֡
ʲôǫô
ڳִǿݻһеӣ΢΢üʵ꣬ȻηҲʣʦǱؿĹâڸˡ
ʼôãֶһ£ʵڳһɵװζ
һ̫ˣִ²ˬ˵
ʲô˼ǵȻ׷ʾ߶ˣ
ЦҡͷʵˣȻǰǰ˹ƽʱֳڲֲǹԼʵϸвϵĽṹԣԺڻķĲͼһֻһǳɡ
ʦڻˮīӵʱ򣬱ʶûоѾˣνгʦķҲˣö̶̵ʱԺйճһķ
Ȼڰ˵ʱݶˡ
һѲϣУֱһ㽫Щи
ЩķõĲϣʮ־һʦҪúôΨֳʲôȻһȴǴΪѾЩϵص㡢ṹϤĲϤֲ֮ͬ䲻ͬϸСҲѾڸղø֪̽ǿˡ
ֻ꣡죬ʮֲϱҪôǻ֭ҺҪôǱĥ˷ĩҪôǱԼȡ
һʱ䣬в϶۵ݵġ
һĻð۾һַᾹȻͬʱٿʮֲϣ
һʦķһֲһֲϵԱ֤ɹʣΪһĲܶãʮֲϣѶ֮󣬿֪ƽѶȣ
ȻôǿԴķٶȣһ㲻ǳʦô
СӣʵԭԤĻҿõʮֲϣпҪһΪڻķķһƷķѶȱȽϴһˣ
ԭʦеٮٮߣѡڻҲ֡
ͬʱʮֲ϶ԣڻѶȶʲôˡ
˵ţݿʼ˻ƣȻûıʣֱָԪΪʣǣ֭Һʼ˻ơ
ĻٶʮѸ٣ֻҪգ۵ʱ䣬ƳһϸСģǼգ۵ʱ䣬ֻƳ˵ڶĸܿѾƳʮϸСˡ
ЩϸСľڿУһε֧ǣǱ˴˼άŸոպõļ࣬ĳصķⷨ򣬵ȻҲ·
Ȼ˸տʼʱ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻֻһĹ׷һˡ
ٶȣ
ܶΪ֮ݣҲۣȻſܣΪ㲻ö⣬棬ȴһеĵһˡ
ҲֻǶۣջ˼ר־Ļġǿϵ֮УǿֻһƷʦѶȽСҲһĵͼġ
ѡֻΪĻ䣬μӵʦˣʦκһķܹء
ȵĻǿʱֻͣͣ죬ѷӵڰбѤõ̻еʦѧͽΪĿݻķԼûܿƺãķűըˡ
ʦѧͽʱһɥ֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ʱ仹࣬Ǳͨʦ˵ĸʾͺãһʼ棬ͨϣһЩǵԽԽͨϣȻ͸Сˡ
ûʲôϣͨʦ˵ʦѧͽ֮⣬в˿ƵҲɣҲɫרע˿ֻ˵Ӱݵˣ˵ˮƽ̫ˡ
Ŷоʷ׳ʵı֮Уȴһˣݱֺ𺳵£ҲûйĹעݣǽųɾŵעϣˣѦͷ
ӱһʼͶ
Լͽܶû࿴ۣݵĳȻԷģҲֻ˼۰ˣת۲
ȻӹѦֿϵ۾
˵ѦͷôǶСӿʲôֵģ
ѦߣϿʵԭעԼͽӰϣΪѦͷҲʱ̹עͽǣ˭֪ѦͷӿһʼͶƤӶգһµģ·ж仨һ㡣

ѦϿЦһ֪ô˵ˡ
ѦϵĿЦȴԽԽȤˣԼͽ㶼ûôģӰҲճҲעΪΨעСӣʲôܣ
ܡѦ΢΢ҡͷҸ˵Сѧһʱ䣬᲻Ϊɵˣ
һ꣡
üͷһ֮ǰѦͷ죬Ѧͷ䶼ڼܳΪʦֻΪѦͷôΪΪʦٽƵѧѣû뵽Ȼֻѧһֲ꣬Ѧͷ֮ǰμʦҡˡ
ȷֻвһꣿʦŵһ꣬þٲάݣ㿴ڵʷһѧϰһʱĲеģ
ҡͷš
ѦϵҲŻһֱڹעʥسʦȻǣҲֻڹģϣ۶ʦֵñ٣ְֵܱḶֳ̌ɼҲ֣벻ͨݿɾ޶ˡ
᲻Ūˣϻ޷ܡ
ѦϵҲɹСһǰǲûӴҲʱǲңûжôѽ


1565 Ʒʦ
Ѧһ˵ҲʼƵƵעķѾ֮һûκβõַȽƵһķʱûκβ֮ͬ
˿ͨʦˡ
˲ˡ
ǹҾĿȥɣˣֵùעǸ࣬͸ǱѰˡ
ѦţʱӰѾ֮ǵٶȱһ͸ˣǰϸСѾΪһ壬һĳͼѾķ깤ˡ
ڣݻһϸСģϸСĵ£ǧٵϸСһн֯һƬγһķͬʱݴֽȡһƽ֮ģķݡ
һһƷķð֮Ķ´࣬ƽ֮ĵЧԲãѡƽ𼶷ģֻϣһµΣѡ̻꼶ѡ̻ˡ
ķ֮ںϣϸСĵйɶ֮ܵĵӰ죬ҲǼӳ·
ؼһˣöڻڴ󹦸ɣ
ٵĻ֮Ȼȣûʲô͸֧ļָһöڻһ⣬˸𿼺˵İ۳ϡ
۳һֽӹķʣ۳֪̽ķڲṹ̽һƵƵͷ൱ã
һߵۣϿƵʦῼٶǼΪѵˣ
ʵݻƳġڻѾ޿ޡ
ڻһƷķþ֮УӻϵԵƷܹƷֻɣƷͻˡ
ݻƳڻ⣬ͨڻҪԸһ㣬ƿƷӦƷҲܴﵽɰ룬ǳѵˣΪһһƷʦڻܹƽˮƽѾ漣ǳԽƽˮƽʵ졣
ݣͨһƷʦˣͬʱҲ˿˶ƷʦʸѡһƷʦ֮󣬽ŽжƷʦˣ֪㣿
ȻҪԭĿͲһƷʦ
гĻش۳ϹһЦãôʱ֮󣬽׼ʱʼƷʦĿˣ
һƷʦΪʱϢһʱͿʼжƷʦˣʵһƷʦʱĥ䵽ʱ깤̫ĻǾûܼƷʦĿˡ
á
ݵӦһߵϢϯλϢִµͷʾͬʱҲЩпǻϵ趼׷Ǽˣǰ׻ôˣ˱ˣˡ
֮ûκ⣬Ӱ
۳ķù飬ķѶȶһƷķϵȣ˵ٶûʲôˮƽҲ൱˵ƾУǱıȥĸоˡ
ӰǷҪμӶƷʦˣʵ
Ȼ
ǻʣ
Ӱͬʱش𣬿ԵζǶŮԭҲΪ˶ƷʦʸģһƷʦֻǹɶѡ
Ӱ֮󣬵ģ
ķһ̣ѦͷͷһۣӶԷпһĨ֮ɫʵ󼸿ӵʱ䣬ȴϢ˿ңʱѦͷͷѾµҪɹˣȻõһƷʦʸ֮лǸеš
ҲŪ˰ɡӴӦòֹһ꣬ҹĦҲΪȴôߣͬʱ壬治֪ôġ
ѦͷţͻȻʲôԼߵ˵ȥſڲ飬ʱĹ¼
ĳԹֻվӢ˽ܣܽĳǵģҪôʦҩʦʦҪôῡܻǰ֡
ῡܵݽҪⶨ䣬ʱҲȷʵⶨˡ
ˣҪҪжƷʦˣʵ
ͷ˵һ䣺õġ
ͨһƷʦ˶ԸûʲôѶȣ̳ƷʦһƷʦɾһƷʦѶȵĻǾ̫˵ȥˣ
Ӧ¿Ӱ˶һۣ֮ǰע⵽ԭǲ۵ݣֱö˽·˼һȥˣû뵽ȻҲҪμӶƷʦˣ


1566 Ʒʦ
ʦˣһõһƷʦʸ񣬶ҶҪ˶Ʒʦ꿼УǷǳټ
ǸСӣҪƷʦһǰڸԻءôţһʱڽѧ̶ȡ
ֻôˡѦϵͷСӣҲ湻ĵģھǲ֪䵽Ƕ٣ҿ䲻ȡݳɾͣʵǲ˼顭
Ѧ˵ţͻȻһǰȼա
ǴĹâ֮ǰȥǼ¼
ݺܼ򵥣ֻ˵ʱ䣬ʱΪ¼ȻҪĹ䡭
ѦͷϢ֮΢ţ˫Ŀ񣬾þòܷӦ
ϿѦͷı֣Ѿʶ⴫еݿ²һˣϼһôˣ㵹˵ѽ
Ѧͷ˺һſЦһ૵Ŀڵ˵㲻ţԼš
ôˣϼʵ
Ѧһ֣δɢĻռøղŵ»϶ߣ׼ҲǾ޷ˡ
ΪڣŶݼ׿룬Ϊǵʱ򣬻ʦֻܲⶨ츳̶ȣĹⶨȻǡһӣ
ϵĺݺݵĳ鶯һ£ʦ츳Ϊ˰ŶݼףڲʮʱɾѾǾˣʥصŶѴﵽ
Ǽ¼˵ǵʱʦԲҪ츳̶Ȳⶨģ
ϺѦ϶һۣѦԳЦЦ˵ֻֿܣҪôǵʱΪĳԭʦݣҪôһǰſʼӴȻ˵˵ϻ
εȥǲһǰſʼбҪôֻʮʮ꣬ù֣Ǿ£ŶݼףΪڣѧĿǰֹһƷϵϣв裬Ҳо˰ɣ񹦷治֪ʱôõģ̥ͿʼҲܴﵽ̶ֳȣ
ϺѦѾ֪ôˣ֮⣬ȴ֪Ŀֲֻ֪֮һɼõʦѧͽȻѾһƷʦˡ
һʱ֮󣬵ķĿˣһŮӡǡ
һƷķɵĲɣһλƵ֮һʱһʧܣ˵ڶλƣöķ꣬Ǿļ󣬵ıȴΪ˷ܣӽڳΪһʦˣһֱ׷
ԼĿ˺תͷˣһܵܣһȻˡ
ʱ绹Լķ֮УķѾ˰˳ɣͷǺļ󣬳ɹʧܶһ֮䡣
ûȥţΪֿܼ֮ܵŷ֣ѾϢϯλˡ
֮ǰǴӿʼ˺ȫȫͶ뵽Լķ֮УΧδעǷͨ˿ˣӰ˵ı֣ͳͳ֪
㡭ѵ
Ȼ޷ţǿѾϢϯλϣټǸеӣǺܻɣǲѾɿˡ
Ѿˡ
΢΢һЦŮЩøеġ
ˡ
Ǿˣ֪ڸսĳ֮ǰʲô֪ĳǣҲģ
ôֻһʱ䣬ѧһķٶȾȻԼ죿
ȫסˣûע⵽۳һֱǷҪжƷʦĿˡ
ǵķӦҲѦϵУ⣬ϣʲôܣ
СӸǽǵСǰʶһǰҲǶһϲͨ
Ѧ۾ѩһ۾Ϳ־㵷ӦԵˡ
ǣǷҪμӶƷʦˣ㻰أǳʱûзӦһִ²õĺ
һ͵ػعǸ˵Բ𣬶ԲҲμӶƷʦˣҲμҲͨˡ
ƷʦֶǶԾ̫Զˣ뻹ҪʮŬ
Ī˵ǣӰҲͨƷʦˡ
š°ɡִ²ͷĻ˻֡
ǹ£ĿȴͣϣЦЦ֪ھʲôԺٸ˵
֮üʦѧͽǰһķ̻𣬶ʱ򣬿ʱѾȥʱʱʧܣҲζûκϣͨˣ֮ǰʱûܻãʣµʱ鸽壬ܳɹ
⼸ʦѧͽҲֱ֪֮ӷˡ
Ⱥ֮УһֱŵԵʮˣͷǺ嶼΢΢ɱƽˮ״̬ʱʱ䣬һʻƣҽƳķ֮ںΨһΪһһƷķ
ȻֻһƷķһ֣ȴջϲá
ɻƵһɲǣ缸ˣ̱ϣȴɵЦ˲òһѺˮ
ɹˡ
㣬Сʮʮ꣬ȴܳΪһƷʦģҲ˲õῡܣ
Ȼרģ沢ʣټϽֵ˽̫ˣʹıû̫˹ע
ķӦҲ΢΢пԼɹƳһķʱ򣬸ڵֲɡ
ֻ֮һʦѧͽԼĻƣʮߣȫ̭
ˣͨһƷʦ˵ʦѧͽһˣ׼μӶƷʦ˵ʦѧͽȴֻˣǾӰݣ
ʦУʱһ̿ʼƷʦˡ
ƷķһƷķ˲һ㣡
һķΪ󲿷֣һǴϣڶǣϵĻƹ̣ķ·֮ĵںϡ
ֵУʵѵĲǵڶֵĻƣǵںϣ
֣ҲؼĲ֣ܴ֮жʤΪ֣ں·
һķǴķˡ
Ȼֻڸ߽УֵѶȲŻֳƷԽߣֵѶȾԽ󣬺߽ܶʦΪǷǿɳꪡ
Ʒ͵һƷķ߸ˣ岻ǺܴһƷķϻЧʣࡣ
Ȼ˶ƷķѶȾֳһˣԳ˵⽫һż


1567 
ƴòϻķľڣ
ǰָһģܶʦ˵ʮ꣬ˮƽѾﵽ˶ʮƷ
ʦᣬʮƷʦ
ȻЩʮƷʦȴֻܵƷƷûУԭ򣬾Ϊ͸ġϣ޷
֪Ĵʦһо֧·һתĻ򣬶·һʮ֮Ĵλ棬˵λ漶Ӧʮ첢У
һĴ棬䷨ǿ̶ȣ֪
ʵƷʦѾ·ëǵĴڣܹΪʦĻ᳤᳤һһЩ˵ıΪҲ𾳽磡
ҲֻܹƾǿԽķ򣬶ֻǽöѡȻųƾ٣УȴںССһ㣬Ҳ䣬ֻһϣԴﵽͬĸ߶ϡ
ҪУǸǲܵ飬Ī˵𣬾Ҳ޷͸һ
ΪʥߣҪǽķǾ̫ǿˣӰ֮Ů漰ƷĵʱҲҪС֣£һСģмʧܵĿܡ
ݵĿӰһۣǷһ΢Ļȣĵڣ
ʾǼ
߻һ˵ӦһַĹ
·벻ģ֮ҲãԪҲã·ַʽ
ˮƽڵôҲȲʦġ
۶⣬ȴҪʦᣡ
Ҳƾһ㣬ŸҺųʦַ棬ʦᡣ
ʵҲȷʵˣݵʦˮƽʦλ᳤һˡ
ǵҪڡ
ⷽʱݶνĶƷʦ˸ô⣬ֻ֤ʵһֶζѡ
λ׼ôϯϵİ۳ϳǻɨһۣӰŮʵЩţݣУֵָϣһıת˳羫һָתţӨˮĿĹâ
ԶƷʦˣóıˣһıʺǼֵǵƷ
һλЩƫֻĬĬĽϰڳһһŲãһǰ۳ʮ⣬һ࣬ᣬȻҲμӶƷʦˣǲ˼顣
°ͣ۳϶࿴ۣҲˡ
ô˿ʼ
Ʒʦ˵ʱ䣬ʱ
ƷķĻĵʱȻһƷķʱ޶ڽһӴѶȡ
һʼӰʼŵĴϹ̣ѡЩϣ¿ƶϳҪһָıʽṹķ֡
ķþǽʯͷɽ飬ûκʹüֵҲǷȴʦƳ磬Ϊʯɽ£ֻ뿪𶼶Դ޲ߡ
һȻûʲôֵȴ֤ķ
Ӱѡơ֡ԭķڶƷķ򵥵ˣɹİԴһЩ
ݣѡġҩ֮ġһڵҩϣܴߵҩҩЧķѶڶƷķеȡ
һѡǡҲڵҩķ͵ĵҩһһ£õҩҩԸºͣҩա
ȻЧǻѶȣȡҩ֮ġй֮޲
˼
ѡķѶȾȻôǷһȡ
ΪԼѡķѶȾˣʦѧͽμӶƷʦ˵㣬˵ѡѶƫķˡ
ƫƫ͸ѡǸࡣ
Сӣбأ֪Լ᲻أװأĿһۣĿһ˿ζ֮ɫ뿴һıֵôܽɶ١
ע۳°ͣҲʮ⣬ķܶһƷʦμӶƷʦ˵ʱ򶼲ѡһ࣬ҲκγȻѡ
ѦͷͷѾ֪˵ʲôˣɵϣҲΪ˵ҵģΪͨʦˣȻѡѵ˵
ͷ˵òܰɡ
֪ңԭΪСϵ츳ӰһƷʦ˵ʱ򿴲ıµж٣ǿĹ֮Ҷˣһ
˵ĹעδᣬǲͰĴϣĶȽû˿޵ĵطеıʣǺبϴ֮еһ㲻ɺ
ѡԭ򣬽ΪвСļֵһǮڵһڣг޽ĻҪڹ⡣
ķðĲȴһĲֵȻͲȥѡˡ
ƷķڴϺϸСĵĻƷ棬һƷķһЩ˵Ҳʲô
Ӱ˶ʼƵʱûеһʱ䶯֣Ǹֹ۲˵ص۲
Ƚַݵ⡣
Сӣ֮ǰһƷʦ˵ʱΪˮƽôû뵽мֱ£ٶȺͱʷ̶ȣвСĲ࣬һŶƷķĻѵľġⷽ棬֡Ҫ򵥺ܶ࣬ƫƫѡѶȽϴҵҪġôɣȻǰֵܼĻ
΢΢һЦҲˡ
Ҫ۲ġҪʼ֮ǰԼķ꣬ݵˮƽҲһ߻Լķһ߹۲˵
ݿ⣬ĻٶҪ
һֲϷգǣŷֽ⿪ı֭ҺѤõ·һʱʤա
ݣ
ִ̾۳Ҳ΢΢ͷƷķܱˮһĻַ൱˲˿ݻƳķûκˣΨһѶȣҲġˣͿķں·ô
ڡϣĺãΪйĴС
۳ͻȻһ㣬̾һ


1568 
ڶ̽ϣʦᣬ޷ȡ
ޱƾõĴС
ǧǰͬһһȻʮǰһ񼶵Ĺ
ںܳʱδȻˣ·һÿһвֹһַһֱּʮ꣬ĸ̶ȿ֪
۶⣬ֻһʷɢʦᣬʵ޷ȡ
ʱһϢһϢţѤõĹâӰĸ˸ЩâеΪ
ϢϯλϣǡͿˣӡеһǰǸĳǶû˵ࡢ趼֪ꡭ
ȥʱ򣬻ʦιۣôʱһбֶαװģҹؼαװԼҲûʲôãǳԱ˳ŵô
ѵһʱͰѧ̶ȣ뵽һ㣬оܴ
ǻ򶨣ҡͷ϶ǲ飬ҲֹӵܣȥʵĻδò
ľã£ҲʸãˣҲδػ˵֮ǰ˵ġԺٸ˵ҲֻòԵδػԼĶ

ڵĹâ֮Уʱ仺ȥ˰ʱ
ݣڶƷķĻҲǳСģÿһϸСĵĽṹǷ漰ܲ·˳ϡ
ʶݵٶȻӰ˿һЩҲûпܶ
ǰʱȥ
ɫأȫעķѾӽβԽٶԽҲԽСģһϸСĻƳɹеķһͬ
ķѾˡ
ʣµľǵҲǴķķɵĹؼһ
ƷһƷֻһƷĲ𣬶ϣȴ֮
ʮСģǧϸСģǱе״̬ݱڻĵڻָҪԸѵ״̬ɵ
ȻںϹ̣ѾΣа˾ųɵĳɹգֻһɵʧܣҲܽܣĸ߰κʧܣҪ״̬ͨˡ
ϢĹУתͷһۣһһȴ޿޵ʱǷһ΢Ļȡ
˼û뵽Сӻе㱾£Ѿṹķ֮ˣҿıʷ˿ңȥķҲûˣһˣ
ĳ֣ݸоһȤʦֻһһ֦㣬ȴûһĶĵĻǾû˼ˡ
˾˿ԸܣȤ
ڴı֣Ҳ뿴ĵɵʲô̶ȡ
һӵʱ䣬ָ״̬Ҫһ㲢ףܶͼʦ֧ǧϸСģǱ˴֮䱣ּ࣬άֻתѾǳǿ˵άЩͬʱҪϢˡ
ݣгڣȻɵ֮ǰָѾĵⲻһģݿѾֹһɹƷķˣοˣûʲôĻҪͨˡ
۳ϸпţݵͬʱҲе⣬Ͼʦľ֡ʵ֮䵹ûʲôͻǲҲãʦҲãкʤ֮ģһȻϣֳܷߵ
ڿžֵĺԼͷϴʣ۳еȻζˡ
һӰŮ֧ŵĲɣܲɻƻ˵ˣҲǻʵġ֡ˣܸݵġҩ֮ġȣ
ʱݴֽóһöƽ֮ġ
ľдʣӡУһ̣һĻˡ
öƽ𼶵֮ģڵâҫ֮£Ƿֽ⿪ص·֮ǰƵķʼ˻ںϡ
ںϲһͣҪ˳Ӧ˵һ㣬Ҫڴʱ˿̣ķķ֮УⷨĶ٣ķЧͼֵҪָˣ
һʦķһƷķƷķļ۸
ķƷԽߣںϷĵʱԽһƷķĵҲҪӵӵʱ䣬Сʱˡ
ݵһӵʱ򣬵ڶķƵ岽裬˱ˡ
ٶȱӰôһ㡣
ڱȻ˲٣֮ǰϢһӵʱ䣬ɵֹһӣӼѾĨƽˡ
Ȼˣ
ܶ˶ڹעѦϺϼȫ̿Ĺעǵͽܶࡣ
Сӣص
޷ˣ֪СӵĹ䣬»ᾪһˣ治֪ô£ʧܣҲеɹĻǡ
Ѧͷ˵䣬Ѿ֪ʲôˡ
ԣյͽܣǼֱʲôˣˮƽٶȸǱ˦ʮ֡
Ȼⲻ˵յͽܲʵ̫̬ˡ
ʱǰǧϸСĻĸţɫĹЩϸСתá
ɫƽ޲ķĳΣͬʱһַֻ棬һöƽ֮ġ
Ѿ׼ʼˡ


1569 
ֱӿʼ
ûоκεһִ²˵ھȡƽ֮ģȻ׼ֱںˡ
ʦķƣĺܴ󣬶ƫƫôؼϢĻɹʻͺܶࡣ
ÿ˶бάķ岻ҵͬʱϢָû취ݲٿķǧϸСĵתĻʱϵԽãķԽȴδʱϢһЧҲá
ǰ˵ִԱߣһִ˵
֮ǰִµͷ˵ҲǡʱϢģҲǶʦˡ
ִ۵ʱѦϡϡԼΪٵİߣ۾һգգĶҪ굽һ
һ㣬еĻƽ֮ڵĽзֽɷӵ·֮۶ȥЩ··
۶⣬ǹھȫⷽ棬͸˵·ϰˡ顷һȻ˵ƿǽΪԼõĻȴʮɡ
һ·뵽ķ֮УϤ̶ȣһʱ䣬ͿںϹ̡
ȻûϾһʱɵʵ̫Щ»
ٶȣֻһˣǱֻҪͨˡ
ʱܿȥһӣӰŮҲķƣʼ˵ںϡ
ǵʵвݣҲ޷ǰڵʼ֮ǰϢһں϶Ƕء
ǰӹȥߣݶͷ΢΢Ѿȫҵ״̬һģݴķ֮Уֵ֧ڣҲɡ
ڣݽһ˿ķ֮Уҩ֮ġɣ
ҩ֮ȵķǷһ˿΢Ц
ɹˣ̷ǳɣѹԵƣõ˶ƷʦʸҲοɫһˡ
һɲǣɫӡҩ֮ġŶһȥķҪӴķһ˲䣬ıȻסˣ˼תͷԣڲԶȻ֪ʲôʱѾ
һķ֮ϣ׼ˡ
ںϹ̣˲ӵʱɣʱֻݵһѡ
ѦϡϵˣĿɵľ̶ûʲôĶǵĳ棬ɵʮд⣬һǳɡ
ȫûϵеĵƷķɵĵУƺûпѶ
͡ˣ
ѦϺ϶һۣǱڴţһЩѣǵſλأȻȴ˳ϣһָоɵĵɵĵһ
ִ½ݵķȡ˹ݸٰߡ
Ŀһۣȼݵġҩ֮ġ
֪һɨ߾ˣΪһƷʦһƷķֻҪ֪һ飬̾۳ķˡ

Ե˵ݵġҩ֮ġڸȻ˵ÿһֵĴеƫϣһķʵܿɹöҩ֮ġ˵һ൱ķܹļ۸
ϲݣΪһƷʦ
õߵĿ϶΢΢һЦԤ֮УԼķгģۻʲô
ʱ򣬰óƵ
ҲҪûгʲô⣬ʵںĹ̫Щ
ö糤׼ĳΣ׭ı沼˷·ܻƳģһҲöǳƯԳơ
֮У·һܣȷ˵̺֮֮󣬰һ
Ƶȫϸ񣬶ѵõƷ

૵۳ö۲ϴṹŲںÿһ̣˵ﵽ˵ͼʦܹļˡ
ķȻһ֣֮Сӣôѧϰģʦ˭
ڰƷʱһֱעŰߵı飬ϵľ֮̾ɫԼи۵ʱӿһǳϲĴܸУʣƳƷҪġҩ֮ġ֮ϣ
ҿ
ѦͷѾȲ߹ǴӰж֪һɨѦͷƤ΢Сӣصѽ
Ѧͷڶɣһǰڵǲһˡ
Ѧͷְķݸϡ
ϿˣҲǰզࡣ
õһƷʦҲ˰ɡ治֪ںϹôˣһʲô档
ϸԼۣѦ΢΢˵Сӣʦˡ
һҪ˲ţܴˣ㲻һ᳤Ҳ˵
ʦ˲ţʦ᱾һɢֻ֯ɵ˲Խ࣬ĳǲŻԽǿʦ᳤ǹڲƽѡĵ¸صƷʦ
㣬ԸԸʦ᣿ѦϺϿڣپѾѯˡ
ʦ᣿
°ͣͷϷˡ
ȻҪʦᣬʦμӿ˾Ϊһ㣬ʦ̫ˡ
ȣʦᣬܹõʦı԰ȫһЩΣʦܹһʵݣӴѪ£õԵ䡷ʦṺֲ϶ǳ㣬һŻݣѰҵǵϹŵҲࡣ
Ȼͱ㣬֪ƺ˲żʦĻԶõܶĺôΪ˲ţܶȡ·ޱȹʦ֯ҲֹĳһݳˮƷʦҲ̫ࡣ
ԼʦܹõĺôȡһЩ
뵽һ£˵ʦԵȵ˵ô֮ǰһƷʦͿԼƷʦôƷʦǷҲԼƷʦأ
һѦϡϺͰۿϵı鶼΢΢סˣȻҪƷʦ
˵ҪƷʦ
ѦϾ㵵ͷϢϯλϵ硢ǵ˶ˣͨƷʦˣѾ˼飬ȻҪٿƷʦǲ˲ݣ


1570 Ʒʦ
һ߳ΪƷʦҪʮѧϰʱ䣬еˣҪϰʱ䡣
ʱ֮ԻᲨôҪΪѧϰͬʱҲҪͶǳľΪΪռı˶ˣľͶ뵽УʱȻͻһЩٶҲ̹ʮꡣ
һ䣬ܹһӣѦͷҲ벻ףʱ䵽ôġ
ܷ˫ޣŶݼ׿ͬʱﵽΪ־ء
ȷҪƷʦ
۳ȷһ飬˵ͷ˵ֻԣҲûʮİա
Ʒķȷʵ޷֤ɹʣڿ˹ʧܣҲɵӽںĵزһܹʽʼĻǶԣһƷķû̫Ѷˡ
ĵڡ
ܹΪƷʦټʦʱĵλƷʦȫˡ
㣬ĶƷʦ·Ȼ٣ҲûУˣÿʮͳһܻһЩڵ˲ų֡
ʦῴݶ죬Ϊʦʦÿ궼У긴һ꣬˲޷У˵ʦǧµ˲ŶǾͻ൱ˡ
Ȼ㣬ͳΪƷʦģǧʱ䣬ʱ䣬һ
£õʦĸ߶ӣЩʲô鶼᷽ܶࡣ
˵᲻ᱻ˻ʲô̶˶ͼı죬ҲǺܺ£ڵĸʵѾսͨټСħɵİлԪ칬ƣеʵĽҲԴ뿪
ϻ壬ħƻ
еȽ£ﶼǴײˣʦᣬҲǳϼģЩƷʦǱΪǰ벽ѡ
ʦᣬ൱Ա
ʵʵ֪ҲΪṩһ㱣¡
ѾͨƷʦˣʦĹ涨㵱Ȼѡ̾ͿʼƷʦˣô֮⣬ҪƷʦô
۳˵䣬һۣڳУҲֻݣӵпƷʦʸ񣬵ȻҲֻʸѡ
ɫһ䣬Щѿ
ƷķûʲôϣƳɹ
ʵһʼȷʵǴμƷʦˣΪͨƷʦˣΪż
ƷķĻϣҲɸ߰˳ɣֻںĲ֣޷ɹ
Ȼڣ̬һȻĴ㿼ƷʦôԵҶȥģ
ҧҧĬˣǷƷʦˡ
šô˵ֻһ˿ˣðɣҰɡһʱϢʱѡҪĲϣһƷķ㿼˹ء
ۿٸʱʱϢν൱ԣˡ
ôʱϢҲûƴǣ˵ллֱ֮ҡ
һڰĲнпˣΪĸŽ͵ͳ̶ȡ
ҲΪ˾ͨƷʦ˵İա
ۿٴĵϣͨƷʦˣʦ˵Ҳһϲ£ʦȥⶼһĻᡣ
ңպĳɾͱȻ˲ãȵΪһ̸ƷʦԼɵģҲһֵôһ顣

ۿȥ˲ң뿪֮ӰǸԵĶƷʦˣźǶûԼķֻôһ㡣
ƽʱӰӺõĻɶƷķȻ죬ƺΪݵĳ֣ǶŮѹЩûܷӵˮƽʧܣҲζǵĶƷʦʧܡ
ʧܣŮЩɥѦϺϼæ˵ЩοŮĻʱӰŷ֣ӦɶƷʦ˵ݣɫȴԵúܲÿ
ô£
ѵҲʧˣ
ҲʧܵĻܸӰһЩοƺ̫ܡ
ʦôˣòûɶƷʦ˰ɣ
Ӱ֮ǰȫҵ״̬֪ʲô
ݡѦϿЦһ˵Ȼˣɵĺܲϧǿиǿ֣ĶƷķɵĸ˵ǣ˶Ʒʦ֮ҪƷʦˣȴˣӦûаͨˡȻͱȥˣɫܺÿˡ
ѦϿ˵츳ĻӦμģһͬܣȻܴˡ
ѦϵĻӰ촽΢ţ˺þûܷӦ
ʦ˵Ʒʦ
ǰĿˣѾʼһʱˡ
ʱϢʱڶȥСʱ˵Ӧÿʼˡ
⡭Ʒʦˡ
ӰЩǶƷʦûܿȴҪȥƷ
⻹ҪҪ˻ˣ
һʱ䣬ǶܵһɼĴܸС
Ͽ˶Ů˼οҲһƷܹƷĸʣҲûǹƷĸʸߣûֻܹǷӲðˣģܵĴء
˵ţʾһݡ
ʱݣϢϯλϣϵıЩǼ﷢ʲôɥһ㡣
Ȼ򶨵ںŲˮĿʼעŴҵĴţȻʮĿ
ʱ侲ţתۼֹȥһʱ
ĿѾ˴ˡ


1571 ʦ
ΪǽĿ䲻²豭ַ£һעʱ䡣
һʱˡ
ƷķȻȶƷķѶȴһЩʱҲϵ̫һʱӦÿķˡ
֮󣬽ѵںϹ̡
ƷķƵĹؼڣ
СӣòܳɹɡѦ૵˵ƵƵŸڲǽĴţУҵÿ

ʱڸڲ֮УĻƣѾؼʱѡƷķ򵥵һ֡
ҪͨƷʦˣҲûʮİգѡ򵥵ķյȻһЩ
һϸСģıʱʼʱȫעͷܵĺ顣
߲Զ۳ϵȼĿתĶһж
ķԽԽӽɹǼ˶ס˺Ĳ裬ԽԽؼһСģͻȫʧܡ
ʱڰ۳ϵĶߣһԪѦϵҪ۳ϽĿ˼¼ͶӰ
Ի˵һЩӰͶӰҲѣҲ˿Ӱ쵽Ʒʦˡ
ߴӦһȡһˮ򣬽ƷķӰȫӰ¼ͶӰ֮⡣
һĻӰͶӰʱ򣬷е˶վѦͷͷ˫Ŀ˸âɫӰеѾķˡ
ȡһö̻꼶֮ģǵںϹ̡
ƷķƷķõĶǱ̻꼶֮ģͬı̻֮Ҳиߵ֮֡
óö֮ľǱ̻꼶Ƚϵ͵ȵĴڡ
һ̻Ļ·
Щ·ƿ֮£ɵ뵽ķ֮С
ںḶ́һʧ󣬾ͻᵼķϵı٣Ķڸ˿裬һСģͻ̽䡣
ʦܳɹ𣿡
Ѧߣʧʵ
Ѧ֣ص˵ںϣƷķѵһŸոտʼҪִʱвκʧ󡭡ѣ
Ÿտʼ滹磬һҲ
Ѧߣݳ
ûдţɵƣ״̬Ӻõ£ȷʵҲɡ
ȻںϣȴһѣʵԽԽѣƫƫʱ͸֧ҲֻĿķϵԼб١
ڳԸɹˣںϹʧܣһ
ʱţһӣӣĶɣû֪顷֮⵽״ﵽʲô̶ȣԱ˶ѵĵ˵ȴ򵥵һ
һķֻҪƣϾûʲôˣںԣڻ¡
û̫ףǷŻٶȣһһɡ
תۼ䣬ǰʱˣ
ʱûκʧȴĽںϹ˾ųɡ
ʱ۰۳ϣѦϡ϶ס˺ʶһ䶯ԣ˵ʷֵ¼Ҫǵļ֤µˣ
ѵܳɹƤо޷š
һʱȥļ·뵽ķ֮Уһɲǣ֮ģųݵĹ⻪
Ʒķɣ
ӰʧԭάͶӰİ۳ϴʱ˲üͶӰˣֱȥƵķˡ
ˣ
Ѧ϶վ˵ķӦֱȥңԼ
˶ϣĿһ漣ķ
ô
ƿţѦͷʡ
ʱ򣬰۳ϵƵķУĸ֪˺һŽķݹ
Լɡ
ѦϺѾȲˡ
ǼķУתһȦȫ֮˶һöķˣҸĴ޿ޣ
תͷעѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
þ֮ѦͷͻȻЦһ˵СӣƬоһ¡
һǰѦͷʦڲĽ׳ʱôҲû뵽ǸôСһڽ˾׵
ѦͷĻŤĺܣƬо
֪Ѧͷֻ˵ЦѣƵʵڹУҲұ֤ʦǲ˻뷨ԼĹ䣬ʵ̫һЩ˹£ȡ˳ɾͣⲻɣҪú̽һ
ǽʲôģȻ£ȤǾͲǺˡ
һĸĴʦ̳ͽܣѵƷʦ
ϻһ£о·һʱ벻ĸˣʦգʵڹڱ̬һЩ
ϡѦϵĶԻһˣԼӦñһ˵ʦ
ʦһ;ûʦ̣ѧɲţԼᣬȡĳɼ˵ûʦû˻šӦ˵ʦӦһʮţƵʦܿƷʦҲϼģ
ˣҪٰչˣְֵĽټǷԺ츳ſ͸ղŵ񻰡
ʶЩҲԸ˳ˮۣԼαһʦ
һǿʦΪԼĸ˰ȫһЩ룬ЩԼͼıˡ
ڵ˵һʦţϾˮƽǸʵҪԶԶʥصˣ


1572 빫
СһǼú¡
õƷʦʸʱ򣬾֪ЩϼһﶨȻвҪԼҲ顣
˵ͷ˵ãڲҰɡ
а
۳ϡѦϡˣȥңٽŵʱѦתͷԼͽ˵žˡ
ԭ̽СԴҲ֪ݣȴѦһ仰ˡ
˾죬˵ú˺֪Ƶģʲô˲ġ
ˬʯϣƺ꣬еȻ˺棬֪ʲôôģΪʲôô
һӦһʦɡ
һԣӰ૵˵
϶ˡҪǵʦˡ
⻰˵һҲܻ䣬ڲҵѦͷҪأ仰ҭš
Сӣ
ѦͷεĿһҲֻܵûˣҲʵԼһԼˮƽоҲ̳ܽͽܵģһϺõҲҪʦٵܵƷʦˮƽ൱Ҫ
ߣǰ۳óΪ׼ʦۺʦ¡
ǸģƷʦ֤ʦҲʦʽģ·ÿ䷢ĻºͳʽͬҲǴͬС졭
ţлл
˵ͷֻһ֣۾ͻԼϡ
ʦʦۣϾĹɵģ۴ѣֻһѡ
۹ϣĸܵΧԪͷ·ǣԼһãȻⳤ۲ǷƷˡ
ǻ£ҲǾķӵлþӼеЧƷϵļֵ
λǰʲôҪʵģش𡣡ʦװ֮󣬸Ͽĳֳۣ˷Ʈݵʡ
ȷʵм⣬ϷǺܺ棬ʦǺηʥ벻·˭᲻ɫĽ̳ͽ
Լڣ۳Ͼѯʦˡ
·ʦ֯˴֮侺ǳңܹһᣬǿһֵصϲ£Ҫмֵˡ
ʦӶ꣬Ը͸¶䡭
ô𰸣󰵰ʧʵҲ֮е飬Ĵʦ۵ĸУһܵõ߹ԷҪͳˣҾҲδؾҪʦᡣ
۳ƺǲģʵðһ䣬֪ʦǼƷʦ
۳ϲ²ʦƷʦ±ʦ᳤й֮޲
Ǹ˵Ҳ֪ʦˮƽﵽʲô̶ȣ֪ʦѾһ֮ˣ˼ҳɽҲûжϵ˰ɡ
߰˳ƫƫ£ոȡõĳɾԼı飬ģɵ˵˵ٻĻڳ˶ǳţΪǾӦ͸һôţƵʦ
һˣ۳ϵƤ£߶һۣӶԷһĨ֮ɫ
ѦͷһڿˮȻԤϵʦܿ£ڿǹ͹һ꣬ôҲҪꣿ
䣬ѾԶԶһơ
ôʦҪôط˯ܻⷬ䣬ҪôΪǿߣ
Ѧͷһֿԣ¸һЩ
ʦѦͷЦһ˵˵Сһϴɰͷҿӵĺÿ࣬ʦһĴʦȴװԼǲͷҵİɡ˵ϴҵǿ񡭡
ѦͷһתоԼǱˣǿԼûܿ˵ʲô˲õı
Сһнɣ߸ңҲʶ
Ѧͷưư죬۵ҪоǿԼųɾˣ
񣿡ȣֵˣһǰ̯λϿһΪһ˲õĹʦһ£ҿˣȻûôռġ
赭д˵ȻѦͷȴǲŵģ˵ʵ񵽵ʲô£ҶˣܵøʲôɣԼ׾˭ҲֲˣҾ֪⵽ʲôòǡ
ǰġˡ۾һ˿ܺõȥƾѦͷô˵ҲڲѦͷƣԽԽ϶ԼǱˣΪһڼмּʦʹĪڱ˼ҿ˻֪ˡ
Ѧͷ˵ʲôʱ򣬰۳ϸɿ˼˵˵Щ°ɣһ㣬ûдʦᡣ
£ǰ۳̸ҪĿġ
ԭѯйʦҲǱһϣܲ£ʦʦᡣ
ʧˣô£ʦᣬͳҪˡ
ʦ֯ʦǺʵΪؼҪء
ĳнĹģǿʦһʦġ
ʦʦԽԽǿӵкЧӦƷʦʦÿһøʦĽʦᡣ
ͬʱҲдʦṩź
ʱˣĳǾͻԽԽĽף˲ţӵеϡԴȵȶֱ
˵ʦ׳ĳÿһ˵涼ϢϢء
һʦ˥ȥôĳҲʵ
½ۣȸ˵һ£ʦĺô۳˵ţóһֲݸ
ʦڲֲᣬʦԱҪصԼҪǼʦᣬĳǹϣһƿԸۣߵۿ۱׼Ҳˣʦûġ
ʦͼе㶼ӵȨĵ򴫳УҲӵȨ
֮⣬ÿʦᶼ̶㹱׻֣ʦṺϡϣҪȡԪĺʹĶ࣬ӵл֣ӵжϡϵȽȨ
۳һ׳ôźʦͨϵĴˣھôŵʵڵĳɾͣΪǰ϶飬Ϊ۳ϣ᳤᳤Ҳȫпܡ
Ҳǰ۳ܹӦʵļޣҲоˣ΢΢˵һ£̼λǰ
˵޷
һ´˵£мʦгںϵһܸȤɱţ


1573 ѪµϢ
ʦѾʲôܣʦһ൱ҪԴͲƸԴ
Ȼ漰ɱ֯ʦỹǶԴ˻ĪϾɱ̫Уǣ̫ĳɱ
ɱţܶһЩУʦɱźҪһЩѹԷʦĺĳԱû취֪ϸڡ
ͻȻɱŵ飬۳ϺѦͷ΢΢ü۾Уȴһ˿ɫ
ɱ֯г𣿡
ͻȻʵɱŸȤ뵽ľ֯г𣬱Ͼʵڽ̫ˣԼ˶ٳҡ
ǣʶһˡɱ֮һѪ£ʵһ׺ҪĹѪµϣ
ϣĸоϸɱſЩ飬ӦʶɱһЩؼԱ
Ѫ¡
΢΢֪ʲô
ϼһʶѪ£
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ǰʶѪµĻһ漰ѪµݣԸ֮ģй¶ȥ
˵ĿⶼϣѦϺʦİ۳ϣȻϣܰѪµһҲǷʦһ顣
ϵҲ֪Ѫֻа취ѣѪԸԸ㣬Ҿ޷֤ˡ
һϲ˵ллǰ
ֻҪϵѪ£ϣʹ˺ܶ࣬ڵݣƷʦټӵݣѪԸڹƧĻӦûǺԸʶԼġ
ϾˣںܶУպǿܳΪƷʦģδɳʱ򽻺Ǻһ¡
һ취Ѫ´ϢӦܵõ𸴣ѪԸ㣬ҲŻȥĻҲĪˡ
ܵõĴ𸴣Ѿǳ⣬ллǰȫ۳벻ɣǷǰһ顣
ûôءϰڰ֣ˣʦᣬӰѾͷ㵽תתϤһ»
ԣʦܶط㻹˽ɣϤϤҲѦͷҲһԸͣʵǴʶһµͷӰպķչкܴĺô
ǣһʱ֮Ӱǡܣһ𣬲ιʦᡣ
ʦ濴ռʮ﷽ԲˣڲȴǬ
ʦ룬һƬӡĶռ䣬һǧ磬ڵʱܴ½һסĿռ䡣
ⷽǧԱǧ֮󣬿ռޱȿ㣬طһΰĹڰ֮䣬ԶԶȥΰ׳
ʦܣ㲻ɡߣ˵ͼʦˣһʦܵҲǺϺ
Եģʦ㡣
΢΢һЦʦ㣬ϲЦտ
ǲرʦĺܶϡϣҪһĻҪ֧㹻ԪģʦĹ׻֣⹱׻ʦӲͨˣ
ָǰһΡĹ˵
ɽˮ֮䣬ɫʮ
ʱ⹬֮⣬вӣбһ
ޡʦ֣
ߣ纰
ʦףǶһʦͬš
һǰʦʱһ֮Ե
׿һ˺΢΢죬ĿܿͼӰϡ
΢΢һЦԭӰλʦã硢ǣҲڣλ
׿΢΢һоЩ졣
ߵļǳãһǰ׶ֻ·˼׵ǵһʱݡ
㲻ǡǸ
֮ǲ˼֮ɫһǰǱǴŲιʦģҲΧתתڣƬռʦĺĵشǾԲܽģŴ磬ټؿʦ¡
ǷǡƷʦ£
ԼʦƷҲƷѣ
ôᡭˣ
סˣʱ缰ʱ͵ʦ֣ոͨʦĿˣҲƷʦˣ
Ľͣ׸ȫסˣ˵赭дĻֱȥг˰ײܲǰɡ
Ʒʦˣô򵥾ͨˣһͨ
׸оԼģʱӰѾΪչһĿ漰ܶʦϡ
̳ʦļ䣬ϵȻʮ˽⣬ֻɨһۣڼĿҵ˺üмеĲϣʦڲԱҪ⼸ֲ̫ˡ
ãʦһǵѡպԼʦΪУƵǵĵҩؼ򵥺ܶࡣ
ṱ׻ô׬ȡ
ԴȤ
кܶ׬ȡ;ÿٺ»һЩʦ񣬻ѶȵõӦ֣˽ҲԵõ֣Щһ㶼СģһֺܿٵĻȡֵķʽǾǶм죬Լѹױ죬ĻһԵõʵĻ֡
ܶʦ䣬ʦԭһɢ֯ȻԸԽԽңǾһ涨ǽԼѹױ칱׳ģܵõֽ
֪ˡ°ͣ˿ԼһЩ׬ȡֵİ취ġ
ţʱһĻǰ
ϣݺܼ򵥣Ǿǡɱ֯Ѫͬһ档


1574 
ĳǳǧһƬ嫵
Ƭ֮ϣĵ죬ЩСֻзԲһŴǵҪࡣ
ൺ֮УһԲСĵ죬죬Ϊ𵺡
֮ϣʪȣ죬鲼ïʢԭʼɭ֡
ԭʼɭֵİΧ֮£ȴһ鲼ȴĹңΪ׶Ǽǡ
Ƿ˵ĹȣΪʢһΪѩĿЩԭʼɭУҲŻĹ޺ĵرԼȻشһƬ֮ϣľȴ󲿷ߣвִڡ
Ȼ˵ߵʱȲĳǣĴ˵Ƕһ˲õĳУһĽʥء
һգһҾ޴ͣ˼ǵĳǽһһŮԾ£ӽ硣
һһŮСħˣֻǻԪ칬αװɵģõѪµĿ϶𸴺ǧ룬Сħһ˼ǣ˵Ѫµڵˡ
ȴ죬൱ĳʪǣ綼һŨŨ顣
ӶǴŲɵñӣŰӣǴŶСĲӣǿɵĿӺͳͲѥ
ŮֻСĽ£պסͦزǴ󵨵Ƥȹ¶ϸ֫ͻԲ޳Ĵȡ
һЩݸ߹ŮӣǵϣϣƯĽƷЩƷɫǼŹʢĿءѩ
һ·һעΧܹߵߣ񺣡侳磬ҲʼʵǷǳˣĻ侳߾Ϳķ߾ͿһСʵˡ
ܿ죬˼ǳǰ
ߴĳǽ˶£ַǳµĸоƺǣûԶ
ʿǷֱ֮ӽС
ͷĵַһ·ѯʣһ۵Ĳ֮С
棬۸ҩĲϣһЩҩı֮ࡣ
Ϊ۵ĶƷҲӡ
ֻǴ¿˼ۣû˿ĹҲΪϵġ
ĬĬժֽ䣬ߵ˵ƹǰƹǰˣΪϡƽֶ˶Ҳ͡
ֽһĨӽָóʮֲϣۣܼһٶʮǧİԪģ
ͻȻĻֿóʮֲϣƹ۾Ŀһۡ
óĲϣҪۣǰֻΪǽͷġ
ʲô֣ƹƤ˶ʵ

֣ϸѪ¹ͨʱѾ֪ͨˡ
šҵˣȥҪˡ
ƹ˵䣬һӥƿ˵̺ŵӣ˳
߶Ȼһ˫۾ȴʮ·˫Ƚľ
ɣ
ѱŮĸоЩ̶
ʥ۷壡
ۣߣȻʥ۷Ϊ࣬ԭ·ಢ֮У༸ռһ롣
Сħɣӥ̣߳ϣܸܵһȵľ񣬰ܣͬʱӥߡ
һ·ԣӥߴתתС֡㳡ԽԽųǵĵش
ųǣռʮֵĹĵشһޱȻԻͺĽȺվһƬȺ֮ǰ
ߴĺɫǽ䱸ɭϵһĻĻһͻѲǡ
ʹ
һСĹ͵ͬʹǼĺģԻݣڸ֣
֮ǰͲϣΪʢֵּܴޡҩΪֵǮѩԼʮֵĸУǳʦеĸ⣬ҲӶ䡢ϣһսĻʹȷʵ൱µս
ѪڻʹУ
вͷоЩףɱţѵʲôϵɣ
ӥߴʹĺţǻʹ๬Сһţ˵źСжʮվ
ӥһƣʱЦԭ룡
ӥߴȥСħȴ
λǡ
ǽµģǵӡӥǸŮͬʱӳһö
ùһۣҲˡ
һĻСħֱͷԪͷȻǸ̫࣡
ԭСħɾӥߵе֣ԭ̫ࡣ
Сħɶԣ̫ϡ֣Ϊħʼ칬ûְ̫ҵġ
ĸ֣Ϊθ̫ࣿΪֵزжŵرĻȱҲ³ģ
ڤӣܴ½ʱΪ׷ɱɥʧһֻ֣صڤʥغطĵرһԼȱʧ³ֻ³ûоԶԭˡ
ҲǺ棬ǰƺµСħԪʲôЦһ˵˫ް°ɣ
ͻȻһ˵Сħһ£̹Ȼϣ˵ˣ
ٺ٣ҵʵ˫ް£ӿٶǸˣǹ˵ѵûԪؾԵ˵ôϣһЩ书Ҫ֮ǰԹˣնʺ䣡ͨҪйǶԣȴԻڵľԪö֮ЩԪ۵Ķˣ쾫档
һЩ׷ˣԼ˸Լѧ棬䣡ǼʹУһǧٶ̫࣬ıһ𾳵ľġľ
ͨ䣬ʧ߲֪⡶ľֵĵ֪˶ٱ
˵䣬Щ԰֮ɫһ;ȷʵҪ󼫸ߣÿ˶ģľҪͻͺܶࡣ
ֻ⡶ľһŮ֮Ҫݣĵر³ȫĻô֮ǰѧ书ͷˡ
˵Уܽľ磬һ֫峤ȫȫԲǾ̫ңԶˣͨ˶ԣ񻰡
Ļզ࣬ʮ֮·޾治У
ʱû˼ȥоЩĵѪµ飬ʵ֪Ѫ´Ƿʹ֮У
ٺ٣Ѫ´˵ȻʹУҴǹʲôǸۼҾˣԻȥģ


1575 
ʹռؼ㣬ʮǧ䷿ӣʹ֣뷲˵Ļʹмơ
ʹǰʲôǬԪĵȵϰٸ͹ʵ۴񣬻󳼶Щ֮С
ʹǺ󹬣֮Ук󹬼ǧһˣȶˣޱȡ
ߵУһߴһţԼʵ֣һңٽһʹԼʵ۵ģټһЩ
ʹ֮УǸһǧټŮһ̫࣬˵һǧٸ̫࣬רָʸľĸ̫̫̫࣬࣬С졣
һ·̫Ŀ൱֮࣬Щ̫һ䡢ΪЩʥʥ̫࣬ǵŶᷢ仯̫ܹ̫༶ˡ
Σ°ͣʹУ̫ͷǳɹˣ˵̫Ĵܹǽǿᾪȡ
һ·ǰ־˼ؿ飬ֱó˲ͬƣһδ֮ŵһ֮֬Ů˵Ϣһƺǡʹĺ󹬰
ЩԼ࣬ĵ̺·ϣ֮䣬һӶ̬ȵĹŮŵƻ𡢹̡¯ش
󹬡
¶һֹŹ֮ɫ˵ʹ֮Уǽأ֮⣬Ͻڵģʹ֮Уûȹô
ţͣһµĴԺ֮ǰԺĹ嶼ɣԺΧֲïʢĻ԰԰и䣬滨ݡ
ԺϷ֡¥
֣ʼԼȻǳŮ֮֡
¥һ뷿䣬ŵһɵ֮֬¥֮Уǿͷǵ޺ʣȸ磬޵ĵ̺ۼ
ڴ֮УһƬ֮ϣһɫȹŮӣŽţ衣
ŮӵĳȹһƬŮȫƤӨףͬ֬һ˫֣ϹźۣڿĶ
Ůӵ˫ȣڳȹУɿͨȹϡ޳ԲߣŮȻųȹȴ̳˼ŮӵĴͳһסͦزĽ£¶֫СŮӵ趯⿰һյˮһ鶯ɷ
һŮӣȵ˼£ֻʼһ㱡ɴ֮УС
Ůһӵʱ䣬ͣһɴλϣ񣬡ū밲
һ˵סˣ
òᡭ
ԺһһʱԷӦͷۺһ·ļţƺǺˡ
ѯʣңұΪһ׹
ǣ
аɱŵѪ£ȻǼʹ⵽ôһ£
Ѫ£¥
߶һ֣˵Ѫ£ǴʱĽˣ
ѵ˵ɱŵ죬ǼĹ
ͷֻԺȻַˡ
Դģǿʵڷżְɱ飬һɱţĹǸԱԼݣΪչ
ְɱ֯ĻòʧΪܻᱻ˸˿ڳʵʱһЩϹĻܿܳƹ
ɱŸû̫еĹϵôѪ³ֻһֽͣǾѪʵеһݣʵݵһɫ
ȻĻˡ
ݶѪ¶ǷǳأΪλݱ¶ԼԼ֪
ȻѪ±¶Լȴʼɴ棬˸ıݡ
֮⣬ΪҲܺõ޷ơ
⵹һɱ顣
Ժ֮һʱͷԴ˶֪ʲôȴûнֻͣ΢Ц˵Ҫһ׹
һֱԵԵ䡷ĵƪ
һȴɫ΢΢һ䣬Ե䡷
ͷڹѪµݣţҲûȥѯʣ£ʳѪҲܻش
֪СԵ䡷һ˫һ۾΢΢𣬷·Ҫ͸һ㣬̹Ȼӣ㿴һʱ䣬ͻȻ΢΢ͷҲԣһϢ֪û뵽ȴܴǴ֪ʵİɣ֪
˫Ŀ֮Уһ⣬ûϲԼϢ˵Ʒȥĳ˵֪ɱһڷǳϲҲǳ׵˵֯
Ե䡷ȻǷ˫ޣ޵˰Ŷݼ뿪ľأǣǡ˼飡
૵˵ţһ˫ܻɨɨȥʼȻòɴ綼һסˣͿ͸ĸоҲ
ΪߣԵǵѶȣһѵ֪
ҪԵ䡷ĵƪԣҪ㸶㹻
żɽϼҲΪΪṩĶ
֮У뽲
ȻûָԵ䡷׸Լ䣬ҪõȻҪ㹻Ĵۡ
ֻҪԼϵʲôˡ


1576 Ѫµ
һ裬кСħ£Ż˵˵һΪϵʦ
һһ£ˣֲԸԼԭǽԼʦϡ
ԼͲڵġʦ
΢΢˵ʲô飬ҪʦɽҲô
㣿ҡͷ촽̫ˡ
ô֪Сħɲˣˬ˵
һЦȴǰСħɵķС֮ҳϣõʦİҿԽԵ䡷ȫϣֻǣһҪȰһ䣬УòҪִ̫ڴˡ
ѣ΢΢һЦллҸ棬ʦ²ġ
ü΢Ϊʲô
ʵҲʦλ̫ߵĻȷʵԾԣֻСˡ˵Ǹ΢
ôһ񼶵ʦ·Щŵģ֪ģʧټҲ˵ģҲͼѣһСĹŵӣо̫š
˵ֻǶһˣʦ˦ֲܵİɣ
ʦͽȻᾡľǺܶʱδؿΪͽһУܶ飬ֲܣֻͽܾܲ꣬õĥºͳɳ
ĻΪҪϵõʦİǲܵˡ
ÿɷ񣬷˵Ϊʲô˵˵ҪʲôҲа취Ҳδء
㣿һۣҡҡͷʶǿܹ㣬ﲻæΪҵ鷳ܴ漰ֹһᣬУֻᱻ˰ˣ
Ϊβ˵Ȼǿ
ƶ˵ԡԵ䡷ڱصá
ðɡ΢΢ĬվǸҰɡ
ĸҲֻǰˣԼϵسȹζȻɴסϡɼ֮ϣһˮıε׺ƽ˼صζ
˵ңλڵһܱյĶռ֮Уﲼ˷ǳܵĸһŹϣǰ벽Ҳ̸̽
ûиҾֻСħɺˡ
ҾѪ£ӦҲµˡ
һʯָָλãʾСħ¡
һ֣ʮָһɵĲΪСħһ裬֪ʦľ˱֣һĺ󱲣ܵõ˵
µǲµˣǾþȣұΪѪʵеݣ־ò̫ܡ
ŶΪʲôܣǷһ˿Ц⡣
ΪҪǣҲȫԳһװҪԡѪ¡ǣֻ֪Ѫ£֪ԣҲӰȫ»ûһ㣬ֵʲôθС
΢΢ͷ˵ȥ
šҲ²⣬ҲʵݣҲֻǸʱݰˡֻŻ᲻ֻ֪ҲףΪοڼʹлôȨ˽ʹĻʵۣɱûʲôϵ
һ˵ݸһЦĿһ˿֮ɫĲȷʵֻҵһʱݶѣɱֻǺϵˣʹʵΪִһұͲʲôţǼʵۣΪִ񣬶רŷġ
һ˵л򣬡ԭˣĹǼʵˣ
ô˵
Ķݽ̸еɻ˵ǺֻһݣѪµʵݣȫ֪һɴʼձһظС
ôѴʲôʲôҪҰæģ
ʵҪ֪ġ
΢΢ԥһ£ǵ֯УһЩʣ˻ҲˣӵнΪңа֡
赭д˵û漰ϢΪ˵ȥ漰ɱڲһЩˣЩܣΪܰԼһ㣬ʲôϣ
𡭡
΢΢УΪͨһֱ˵ģͨ
ȻͨҲǿеߣܹӦԣеǿߣͲôöԸˡ
ֻͨĻƺ̫ɵɡ
˵䣬֪һЩϢҲǽǿߣûΪ֯졣
Ϊ֮֯һ֯ʲôʣҲӦ֧Լ˲ǣһ¡
֮֯˶жԵһߣôֻ˵޻ʵ̫ʧˡ
̾һ˵ҵôá
һ˵һ̲סĿۣø֪̽壬ǼΪľٶˣ֮ǰûôĻȴʶʲô
ƺǡˣ
̾һԳһЦ⼸꣬˺ܶ飬ǰܶ˻ѡѡٵܲá
ҴŶˡ
˵ĺܼ򵥣ҲĲµһЩӦɱŵڲ
¸ˣáûеһʱظʲôҪһЩʱ׼˼
ţҪңսķˡ
˵ûͿͣߺӰһ֮ǰ֮С
С㣬ҪҪūǣūܸоʱͻȻ֣ǳͻأ
ˣӦò֯ǱģӦòƭңȷһʦ֯ҪҲҲûҵһǵİ֣ӦΪˡԵ䡷ģİŶݼҲˣȷʵѰҡԵ䡷ĶȻҪɵǼˡ
𡶲Ե䡷΢΢һ˵⡶Ե䡷Сİɣ̫ŵĻ᲻ǣСĳң
Լĳңһ۾һ˿Ũҵɱ
ɱţΪͻȻʧ٣µĶڰҲûж˭ǿҵĺ⡣
Ȼĳңȴ޲ʳ⣬Ѫ


1577 
Ǽʹܹ̫࣬ҲǼʵ۵ţѪжһЩ˽ѪʹҲǣߴţ˵ִʵѵĳɷָһЩڼʹУѪܵõǻصޣЩľӪҪȡصĶ
Ѫ빬֮ǰƺѪΪС㡱ڲųƺΪ֪Ѫ֮Уһĳˣ
Ѫ·ԼճΪ֯ɱ֮һΪˣҪѩޣֻڣѪ˵ľ磬ƺѾ˴ĵزѪµʵǳ˵Ķ֡
Щ꣬Ѫ¶ûȥȡԵȻѪڽͬʱĳͬڽ֮꣬ܲ׷϶Է˵
ĳˣѪеɱ˸òûȥϣʲôʧ̬Ȼĳˣһˡ
ƽ񣬲ȥ뵱ĳޣת˵˵⼸վҪչˣһǱأϢɷʵ
أ̾һҪչˡ±˼ֻϣαչܹ֮ͻƣ֮á
Ȼô˵̬˵֮Ŀܲµʵ˶Լαزã
Ѫ±ˣ˿ûָܹԼԪ֮вʱչͻƣĻǼΥˣ
һ͸ͻƽɾˣ㣬Ԫʱƴһ
Ѫ֪ڰ֮ǰ֪ãԹȥ·Ȼվ̫󣬸òʸ񣬶һ֣̽·ĽأҪѰĲҩ顣
ˣһŬʵһ첻һ죬ϵţҲ䣬Ԫ޶֮ձأûʲôͻƣǱչ֮أ⽫ΪĹ֮ء
Ѫûָܶɹһ٣ڹĵǣ֮󣬼Ĺ˭֣
´˷չأ˭ֹ£
ճ͢񷨣Ӧǻʺִܹ£³֮գٽֻһ²ңݱڱչ֮أʺｫ»ʡ
һ˵Ѫ΢΢üʺȨԣɲʲôϢ
ƺµѪڹ˼ʲô˵ʺȻִƹ£ҲģСԷſġ
šԸ˰ɡ
Ѫ˵ţͷ̫飬ƣӦӲϾĸо

գʹжûʲôյʱȥ»ص¥
뿪죬ҲǴʲô¶ûɣ˺ܶϢ
֪˼ǴΪȻԪʱ޶࣬ϾҪˡ
ϻʵҪݱȻ漰»֮¡
ƳһУþǧˣټӡǾ͸ˡ
֮Уֻˣʸ̳й֮λ
˷ֱǼӺͼ
곤Ϊʥ۷壬ô൱
΢һ㣬ΪʥڣǺ֮㣬츳Ҫӣ˺ܶˣڼͼ˸൱һֵ֧ߣλ˭У˵
һעϢǡ
Ѫ£ҲǼ׸ġ
ʱ򣬼ѾԪ޶࣬ʲôӣɷһʣҲǼԼ֧֡
ɣģ˼̳˵ݣĻӻλ߾֮
Ҳǿ飬ԼλӣƾǿʵڶιҪλãҪôԼﵽʵҪô㹻ĻֶΣܹԼһ棡
ô죿
¥֮УСħڳϣһֳֻϣ°ͣЩô죬Ե䡷ӰӶû
ʱûʲô취ֻܵȡ
򵥵ĻشƺһҲżʵ»ص¥֮ѪȻһμ̬䵭һЩ
Ѫ˵Ȼһֵýõῡܣδǰ;δ飬Ѫµȼü֮
Ѫʹ֮УѹͬʱҪɱڲ涷
ƫƫѪΪµıѣѾˣѩϼ˪
Ѫ¿ġʦԸֵĻȼüֻ֮Ǿ֮͵飬Ȼġʦ֣ǵһСԼԻûʲô塣
ڶ¥ѪֻǵòԵټ֮󣬾һС̫Сħɰ᷿Уôˡ
һȥûټѪµˡ
¥֮У߶ܣϾŮ죬һСģײ˴⡣
ȥɲǸ취
ԼѪƽòѪĶ£ҪѪصһ䳤ĻǾԲܵ顣
ᶼûᡶԵ䡷£ôס¥ÿϢ֮࣬ҪôСħ˫ޣҪôһԼ
ģʱѾȥʮ죬תۼ¥ס˴ˡ
峿ʱ֣һѾŽϴˮб۾Сħһۣ˴Ӵӣһ˿֮ɫ
ýֺͷҲ뵽һŮЩʲôˡ
СѾҲϣСħɿ֮ϣǾô׳԰סƤĴ¥ߣһסǴ£˿ûҪ뿪˼ÿʳӻҪԼչţһݲ£Ȼˬˡ
óӲôһŮĽСħɵɳ԰ʳˡ
˵С㣬Ǵסʲôʱ򣿡
СѾ߳õҲ־ѡʹȻѿˣ䲻ʮӣʮ崿
΢΢һЦСѾߵ˼˵ôǸϽô
˼СѾҲȣ˵Ǻ󹬣ƽʱ˽ģȻ⣬Ȩ׼Ҳܴ˹Ĺزǣ
˵еЦŵͷȴûߵ˼Щβĸо
СѾһᣬûİһëϣ˴Ƭˮ
Ҫȥʱ¥֮һǻϵúܳļʺּܲй
̫ʮ־д͸¥СѾԶһ£ͱżˡ


1578 ʺ
̫Ǽ¥֮лصСѾ߷סŲĵס壬긦һֻСظɫЩš
ղᱻһòˤһΪᣬʮ꣬Ϊ̫ˣ̫๦һȻûпעԪʮ㣬˹Ĥ졣
һǣԹûʲôΪСŮ˵ʺƺţʵڿЩ
ʺǹĸҲǺ֮ףеĹŮ̫ࡢȫҪӻʺĵǲʺںӵɱĴȨ
ڣһʵǿ̫죬ͻȻʺٵּܲСѾߣһѹ
ʺ٣
°ͣһЩ˼أʺʱԲΪɵģп϶ǣһЩκ̸
֪ǻʺ֮ӣ
ӳԺգȻ츳ȼ˲٣յȴڼ
Ѫ£ҲǼסġ
еϵֻҪ
ѪǻʵǼİ֣
ĴۣҲŵ̳лλ֮󣬷ѪȽŸ
һݻ˫ӮףȻǰѪܹõλòôܱǣȥѱ
ͷܾûʺ٣߲ƣ
ʺȻ֧ԼĶӼ꣬Ѫּ֧һһ֮䣬Ȼһս
ʱѪѾּˡ
ּּܲܲ˻ʺӡº֮ӡǿ͡
һ˵ʺҪ˭ֻҪ;ˣ֣µּܲ
ջʺ£Ҫ󹬣֮ǰ£ʹ֮УӡԽͣŪûʹ֮ʺּ壬ﲻūһ¥ɣ
ǰһ̫Це˵̫ЦصȻǶһƣһ˫۾ȴͬӥһ㣬˿
һʥ۷̫ۣ֤ܹ̫࣬ļ𣬻ʺһּܹ̫˵֣£ο̫󣬻һ̫
Щ̫Ϊе죬ʥڡ
¼ǶʥؼҲصĹ͢ΪһȻǵǲ˾Ӣ
̣ڣԲʲôͷ
Ѫüһչ͢أʺܺ󹬣ȷʵȨ䲼οڻʺܹ£Ȩ͸ˡ
Υ棬Ǿǿּ𣬸ûʺ
Ѫԭʮ⣬ǷǵĻǻϽ͡
ٴŮͨ뿪ڹӦ㣡Ȼƴ빬ڻʺܹ£ڻʺУ㰴ʱֻᱻǣȥ
Ѫµٷǳ죬һֲ©ĴĶС
һ΢΢һжѪµ˼ֺø
Ѫ¿Ȼһ˲õʦƽʱѪ붯ʦ֣Ǿܵ顣
ΣǾͲһˣ
ǻʺóȻ֣Ҫôɱܻᱻʦ׷֮ŭɲǶϷΪ˸пܣ
Ѫûһ㣬ܣʹ֮Уڶ࣬һСһ빬֮͢Упܲ׵
ѪȻôֻǰ᷿ѹûмһ棬Ѫ²޺֮ģҲûΣΪ룬ΪԼľ档
жѪ²˼֮УŮȻɱ֯ȴԼ׼ˣֵһ
ȻѪȻԪ뿪Ǵּ̫ȴ·ʵϣһʼ̤¥֮ǰ̫Ѿϸ֪¥еĸˣ
ȻֻΪĸԶһǿʵö࣬ڵλȻʢڲͬ
¥г֮⣬ûʲô֣¥Уڣ̫Ҳһϳעһͳעصˣ
̫ͲӦʲôӰͻȻ籪һֱڵ᷿

᷿ľֱӱײ÷飡
̫ͬһͷţһ˽

֮ǰϴˮСѾ߷һУ̫ʱǿͬһǽײʮСѾߣ
СѾֻΪҪǱǽײģ屬飬ķѣпܣ
ڻʹ֮УŮ̫̫ˣҲһĹûС
Ī˵ǹŮ̫ˣûʲôλû츳ĻҲˣϾĻӻʵ̫ˣʹиɲô࣬츳еֱӾͱ𵽻ʹ֮ˣպ˹ġ
ʲô
СħһȣĿԲۼֿ죬һԪһ㻷СѾߵֱ֫ӽ˹

СѾԭվĵطȫµ÷飬שһѿ
ЩשרƵģȻûبʯЩϡϣҲӲڱ̫һ֮£ȫ飬ôֻ˵̫ǹˣѸײڶ֮Ʒ
ʥ۷ܹ̫࣬ûлʺĻ¥ţ
̫һ壬һͣı˻ʺ̬ˣ
ٺ٣Ȼе𣬶һǸˣ
̫࿴תͷ¶һζζЦݣָоͷ·׽ڴһ㣡
ɫĿɱ˸û뵽̫࣬ȻַʽֱǶ˸裡
ڹ꣬ǲˣ
СħѾˣ֮ǰСѾѾŵɫ԰ˣղţڹŹǰһ⣬СħɼʱѾѪ岽ȫʬˣ
м־ηĿСħһۣмȻǸмСħɾھηǾСħɾȻһܹ̫ǰжԷڹ꣡
Щܹ̫࣬ȨһԴŮС̫࣡Իʹ֮еĵײ㹬Ů˵ܹ̫ηĴڣοԷΪѾﵽʥ۷壡
СħɾȻڹ꣬ڹ̫ɻģ
СѾԭΪ⻰Ѿǵ쵽˼£Ȼû뵽Сħɵĵڶ仰
ܹ̫౩ŭЦһ˵˹ˣ¿Щڣ˸֮鶼˳࣬ģԹԵôȴ෴˸֮Ƣ˺ܶ࣬¿磿
Сħһν˼£
СѾ̱֮ڵϣҪսܹ̫ĵ߰
Ȼܹ̫СħɵĻ֮˫Ŀ֮УŨŨɱ


1579 ޵

̫Ц̫ɻ˸Щ̫ΪӵԹҲ⣡
Сħר˿ͱӣܲŭУ˿ѾСħɺ̡
֪ˣû˸Ҷۼô˵ããõúܣ֪ʹ֮еĿģҿʶһ
̫˵䣬һСħץʱһ̫𣬡췴ɣ
һǿĴ͸Χλƿȫһ飬ķѣ
ɴֳһɭɭĳ߱ὣ޳һΨĸо
ūţ˭ĵӣڱ¥Σ
˵䣬ֱָ̫ʺǻ̫ǺɭɭĳӶЦü˵ۼǷּ£ΪֹɷѣֶιЩв֮ˡ
̫﹧ǿ̬ȴһư֮ɫûн
ݣ̫кѹͲӣ֮˵֮ʵ涼û
Ǽү󹬵ľȱѣ˵ˣү¡
ּٻ﹫̸ϰ𾴣οΣʺҪүˣүǻʺҪ飡
ʺ󣬱Ȼ
ʱ˵
ʺйͬʱҲԸū׽ùе𣬱£һһŮǻʹˣоôԵɣū˵Ҳ㣬һжҪʺᣡ
﹫˵ͱˣĿһв
ūңֻ￹ּĻūžֻܷʹ죬ýЭūһˣ
﹫˵䣬µ̫ΧСħɵΧС
Щ̫Լֽ䣬ƺѾʱ֣
Щ̫ΪȻߣǾ޸սһǽսսҲǳǿټһʥ۷﹫Ѫü΢ûˣȻЩˣڣһԿٿƳ档
ټʹ֮УԼּô˵ıʹ˳Ҳǲܣ
ƫƫҲ¥үϣһʱ֮ʮ⡣
Ѫﻢµʱǰ˵Ȼʺ٣Ǿһ˰ɣ˳ʶһĸµļʺ󡣡
ż⣬﹫һЦСӣǸ׳ôıͣ治֪үʲôȻʱ򣬻˵ɵʶʺ󣿻ʺʶ
ʹ֮УʺĻ⣬ûܹΥ
ĻѪҲ޼ƿʩ֪ˣû뵽ôˡ
ҵ㡭ѪԪ˵ЩΣʺǣ»ǲͿܶǳ֣ʹ֮УǵܲѾϵƾһܹ̫ܹ࣬𵽵ЧҲ΢΢ҪԼƽ취ϵʦɡ
Ѫ¿ʦӦһЩĵƣԸƾ˰Ȼ
ֻҡҡͷ˵ĳ뿪ʦǶһҪ˼ѾˣһжֻܿĳԼ
һ˵Ѫһ˰أûʦȴôǿƣĵ
䣬Ȼȴ֪ô˵ˣʱ˵ʲôûá
һ̫˼м䣬йȥ
Сħɡ֮ǰˮСѾߣŮС̫࣬һˡ
ʹܴһȺ÷·ٶȣһ·Ҫӵʱ䣬ʮ룡
;ȡܶĵģżѲߵ̫СҲɫҴңһɱգ
ȫûյĻʹ΢ǻʺĶˣŹصʱԼеȨһеˣ

ʺйΪǬֳ󹬣˹ڵĵ֮ΰĽ
ǬоŲߣʯ϶ʯӣѩĵשƣÿһשУʦӳשγһ󷨣ϣоȫѪ궯ƺǣһ㡣
ʱǬν䱸ɭϣ̫Դָоͷ·ǲ޵
Σ
﹫һߺ̫ĽӷƿӵĺӣһǬΣǷһ˿Ц
ɴͬ﹫һǬ
Ǭŵţÿ߶һִĵܹʮΪΰڴУһŻĸˣȫųɫƷۣӵ˿߶˿ѩ˿֯ɣˮ֣ˣֵǡ
ʣ˾ǼĻʺˣ
һۣʺ￴ʮӣ֮ǰ뿪Ǽ죬ҲѯʺһЩϢ
ʺҶʮǰ빬ʱǼ֮Ů츳ڣѪò
һμеῡܻ֮УҶ϶ùھУʹмӣһ⵽ʺ
˶裬ҲΪȡҶϵԪõ˺ôҶ˫ҲԼΪ
ʮȥҶһֱ˫ޣȻվûͻƽ磬ͣڰ벽
Ѿܿɹˣ磬̫ѴﵽǴʥأǹڵĽҲ˰ˡ
ѾǷǳˣʱһЩʥأʥأҲֻһѣǰܷʥأͬǴʥأʥ֮ҲֻڤӺܷϽڤѱ䣬ܷʥҲôˡ
ļﶼʮϹǴ֮⣬ˡ
һǹʦ˼ǽҲһƷʦڼν¸أ
ڶǴ˾ҲǼĴԪ˧λ˳
һʹܹܴ̫κţľڰصľ֣˵̫࣬ʵϴʦƽƽλΪ˵á
ˣʦʹ˾ճ͢Ͳò뵽ʴ֮Уܹܴ̫κֻЧڹڻʴ֮УҲǱүү뾡취£κĵرͳκҲδȡһһȫԭⲻ˻ˡ
ɣ´Ϲģڻʴ֮ȫֻЧڻʴ֮ʤߡ
ĺôǽⳡʴ֮ģСǼĻʯֻҪǣǣͲǣĸ


1580 
ɣԣ﹫˵Цһȴûеһʱתͷһ࣬Ϣֻ֮ƿ֮һӥۻ̤ٶȿ죬Ȼȴֻգ֮ԡ
ӥߣүţҲѪµĺѡ
ʹһܹ̫࣬Ĵܹܣֻκһ˶Ǹܹܣ֮һүʺ﹫ƽƽ
ΪҲʥ۷壡
ľ̫ǣΪסԪȷ˳棬Ҫͬ߸ӳ־ս
ūˣܾˡ
ԭͶүĹѪҲүģһϵʺҪ֣ȻӲ
Ϊ̫࣬ҲͬһǬ
ˡ
Ƿһ˿Цݣڴˣĳ͸һЩʺҪҲôס
Ȼ帺ˣʵԷӳǼһͬʱ۷ʥ﹫ټһ벽ĻʺԼǬ֮Уս̫࣬顣
һµʱ
ԭղӰƺ־أ﹫ƤЦⲻЦ˵
Ǻǣ˴˱˴ˣ﹫ƺҲҪ̤벽˰ɣٹ꣬Ҫֱ׷κˣ
﹫Ƕͷһ棬ǻصԣ
﹫һκܹѾľڰأۼ׷ϵģ
﹫ƤתѪ˵빬ˣҪûʺõȣ
££òһūָֻţ
Ѫһʼڣ﹫һһūţʵ﹫Ϊʥ۷ǿߣѾڹӵ൱ĵλܶʵȨҪ֣Ѫһ٣ٶƺ﹫˸о̶
˵˭£
ʱһƽ̺ϵһĴ͸·Ҫ˵һ㡣
ǻʺ
ȴڴſڶٳٲ룬ôļӣ
ʺͱˣѪɫƽһ˦䣬̹Ȼ֮УֱӻʺҶϣչ͢ǵһ˵ʺҺ£
Ѫµ֮Уһ¶İ⣬ʺڳ˼ƣڵټѪ£ҪԸѪ¡
Ѫȴûκκ·ĸоһǣͲݣ˪գָоʺܲϲ
Ҫһϻ̳ϿֵǬԼԵ
ʺü̧ۣ£ߣʮ̫Դ
ʮ̫Ȼʥǿߣʮվλ÷ǳнγʮս󣬶սѪϣʮ̫࣬ǾϢ೤ͬʮͷһ㣬ΣյϢ
̫Χа˸ϹŮЩϹŮҲڻʹдʮϵһȻƣȴŰȻҲǸ֡
̫ϹŮһʮˣʮ˽£˸
޸ֵƣһ۾ͿЩ·ʦƿģΪվϵ߼ӳ
ʮվһȻΪֻʥȴδزһս
ʮ֮⣬һ벽ĻʺԼܹ̫﹫һǬݣνǿ֮
ʱܹ̫﹫ԪһЩϢ˻ʺҶϣҶϷһ˿Цתȵūţ˭ĵӣȻס¥
һ㶣û뵽ôԼˡ
ūţǷһ˿Цô꣬û˽йūţµ˶й
Ůˣ治֪˭ԽУΪʲôס¥Ůʲô£
Ҷϵˣʲôʺ˵ʲô
ʺŭūţȻײ֪ˣû˸ô˵¥Ǻ޹ܽˣֻ̫࣡ūžȻҷʱΪβס¥ȻˣˣһūǷɾû˸ɾþ·̫һ
֮УԭͲܽˣסڻ޹֮УǸǧе
ǶԼʹԣԭߵĹ͢ؾͲôɭϣټԭͲǻүƣ¥Υأʱ򣬻ʺץסһ㣬Ҫ󹬣ν֮λ޴ǣ
Żʺһ£ļʥ̫վ˳Ҫ
ޱ飬·Դ˳ţ֣ȴѾֽ䡣
˭
һȣվǰֱҶϣҶϣ޷ǳģڲҸڳֶѣαһ˿˵ҶʮǰΪʱڼῡܵһϣ˹ھ˲ű빬ҽҪһῡܵһĹھʲôʵ
˵䣬Ѿֽĳ߳
ɭҫۣ
ҪıɣҶϻػ﹫Ѿ˻ʺǰ˫֮ϣ֪ʲôʱһף⸱ʮָذס
﹫ס
﹫ĳ֣Ҳǰǰɱͬһ˫ףƺʺϡľ
һʱ䣬ţսһ
ʱҶȴͻȻЦˣ㲻¥ѲˣһҪԱ֣ãõúܣͻ⣬빬֮ʼɴòһи֪̽飬ΣԭҪ㶯֣Ҫҿɴһ飬㵽ʲôˣһʹصأҹ͢
Ҷ˵䣬վȫ£ɢһͱ˵ƣ
Ҷϣʮǰ빬󾭹깬͢ʩչֶΣӮùңھǰõʺ֮λִƺ󹬾꣬Ѿγ˲ַϣ
ʳĺ󹬣ԭǹĶǵĵط֪ӣõĶ裬ֻҪõ裬ζȨλҲζŷԴҶܹڶթĺ֮ӱλãɫ츳ʺ˫޵ʺ;ɫգҲƾĺֶΣ
ִƹ£ҪԴΪᣬֱԱֶΣɱԼȫˣ֤Ķӣ˳ϻλ
£ܷŹ֧ү
ҶϣֶΣӪ˴֪빬Ѿ֮ãȴҲδһսգǬһγְɣ
Ѫ˵գȻһնΪǿ
һӳ֮ʱȹƮƮ˿裬·ѪµһɱУһ㡣
һμѪµʱ򣬾Ǽ裬ƺӰ裬ս֮ʱŪӰɷ


1581 ѪµΣ
ݣ
ѪҪһ˲䣬ʮ˸̫ࡢϹŮ׼վĴ֮УѪºͻʺڵλþģѪͻȻѣʮ˸̫๬Ůµһͬǵ۵һγһɺֱѪ¶
һʱ䣬ש飬⣬ɱ糱ˮһӿ
ʮ˵ΧѪֻһЦʮǬ̶ֻ֮ܰȵô
Ǭʮ󣬱Ҫʦʦļӳ֣Ȼ·ʦһЩʦȴޱȾҪǳ֣ҪܴĴۣҪн飬벻
Ǽ棬һƷʦڴϼӳģ£ʵϣʹĽǵǬƷĴһЧͬһ㣡
Ǻ֮УǬһ벽ʺסĵطȴõĴνʮƷҲǿƷ˵׼Ʒ
һƷ󷨣ҪһƷķĶ࣬Ϊһ󷨣ҪʮʮͬƷķӳֲܳɹǬܹ׼ƷĴ󣬶һ벽Ļʺ˵Ѿǳݳˡ
ʮ˸ʥڵ̫ࡢվʮ֮ϣϻ˼ʮսǰǣʮ󲻱ƣ
ĽǿߣվŲЩ˴
һɲǣֽУȡһöķֽֽ棬̻һͷͼһƷķ
ķʦͷƸģ˽ܺãҲϽܡ

ķһϣȼϰٵֱӡ£ЩƲǹʮ̫ࡢֵģǹЩ̫ࡢֽ²ŵ
һƷʮƽ֮ⷶڣѪΪɱŵĸ߲㣬֮ǰȻҪܵ㹻鱨֮ǰү㻨һЩۣ̫๬Ů֪ǬõĴʮ
Դϳ֣רŻʱó
꣡
ı𣬽˸̵ۣһɲǣʮ˸̫๬Ůµһͬ飬ʮ˱󷨱ըɣ׷һЩˣ
Źᣬ廯һӰǿԪעĳ֮߳С
һնһ»ǬΪȫչһ˷籼µŮַ飡
Ȼַ飬ȴģ
εʵȻˣϾǽǿߣԶʥܹģ
âһҹⳤҹ֮£˶еһĪѹָУֻе»ޱ˵Ŀ⣡
ã
ʺҶɫһ䣬ȫԪȻ˿һɲǣ֮У
ҹ¹⣬ȷʵ򡪡޾ҹ
Ҷϱ˿ͬʱ׵̫໹һ֣ͱһնͷ­ͷأ
ʮ󣬱Ѫ¾ôˣ
Ȼ䣬Ѫһɲǣ¹ƺȾ죬е£һݵѪ֮ɫ
Ѫµı־֮Уÿɱһˣ¶ᱥѪøʺ죬ɱ֮һ£Ѫ£ʱ޾ҹҲﵽ
һ֣Ѫ¸ֱͣնĸ̫ϹŮ
ҪѸײڶ֮ƣɱЩʥǿߣǵѪ޾ҹ
Ѫԭɱ֯ĸ߲㣬ǬĳϣɱҲ£ѾııˣԹŻʳ棬Ƿ磬磬䡢Ѫżʣ
ֻҪӮˣǼɱҲߣһˣǾ泼ı֮
ܿܣ򵥵ĵ
ʱʺϻʵ۱صʱѾͼذ׼ҪȡȨѪԴУ
Ѫµڶγ֣гҪնһ̫ͷ­֮ʱѪȴȻһݾף
һɱڻҵϢ֮䣬ͬһԼ
͵Ϯ
ѪȻһʱ򣬾ȻͻȻһڰе͵ϮߣֶΣİɱַһǿҲԤУ
Ѿϸ뵽˭ʱΨһľȻ˳ȥ
ͣ
һ죬޾ҹһƣޱȣֱѪ¶
Сı󣡡
ʱһѣ
ѪҲ룬һնֻһ죬һڹذױѪһ飡
Ϊ޾ҹ飬Ľк󷨼ӳֱֵӱɽжһп񷶥Ȼһ𣬼Ҫ̮
׼Ľ֣ɽһСһЩǳʱ֮н֣⹬ٽʵһʧȥıӻȴҲܵסЩ˽ֵԪ
ף㣡
Ѫˮղŵ͵ϮȻû˵ȴ֮һӡ
Ӹ˲ֻҪЩܽӳȻӣȴҪʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬ܸʴԪںܳʱڣ޷ܡ
ʱһĸߴĻӣǬ˳һ㵭磬ԭͲܸߵĸ֪Ѫһʼûзӣֻ֤Էӵзǳڵ
ӵˣɱ֣
Ѫ£ɳƣһڽгѪɱŵĴţϴһŰ׵׺Ƶߣߵ˫ĿѪߣѵʮ
ȻѪʶ
ɱŵô
Ŀһ˲Ͳµܡ


1582 ɱ
ӵĳ֣ѪµɫӸѪһطΪ͸ʲô磬֮⣬һڰߣҲ˸֪ò˸İϢ
ɱ֯ˣʹõֶΡ
ǣԪʵ
ɱŵףǿߣ
ѪԪظһ˫ȴһֱס

ü΢׵ľ磬û⣬ɱŸ࣬ҲһĽʥؼʵɱŵĴ죬Ǵ죬ͨ
Ѫ£ʵֻǳǽǿУȽһ㣬ǰףҲˡ
ʱѪԭͲôã׵ͻȻ֣ɴ˾޴Σ
ףѪһЦû뵽㾹Ȼ׷Ϊ׷ɱң㾹˼Ļʴ֮С
Ѫһ˵ʺҶϴЦ߸ýѪ£Ϊֻܹ֯ˣȴôˣֻǿ
Ҷ˵䣬ԼĻʺ֮ϣһеı飬·һжƿ֮С
һʼ֪ʵݣɱ֯ҵҪⳡ͢λ֮УǵĿ꣬Ѫ¡
ȻǽԴϲһļϣǣ˻ʺҶϽѪµټ
˳ֵ׼ҪѪء
׿Ѫ£߱۾ĮѪ£Ϊڼʹоܵõӻȴ쿪ˣܽʹ֮УܹͬʹУ룬֪ҪʲôµĶϰɣֻҪǶңҲɱ㣡ұͬţҲ˼֮ͬ飬ɱŵȨҶҲûʲô壬ˣҲ
׶ԼĿû˿ΣҲûй˼ɻʺˣɳƣдһɵɱͱˣ
ȴһµĶ
ԭ֣ɱ֯ΪʲôڲԭΪΪȨڲ֪ԭΪһ
ܹɱŸ߲໥ɱıӦ˲õĶǣ
Ƕϣ
Ѫƺ˵ֱָ׵ʺ
龰׺ٺһЦΪ̶ȻķӦǾͲˣ£㻹ӮĻô
˵䣬ֽ֮гһ̵ֻ߳ûлֵĵ⣬ҵǳֻ̣糤ӣȡ
̵ͨտɫֽʣܽٶȷӵ£
Ѫ£죬ҪˣĹִ԰֮Уź꣬ҲǺġ
Įһ׵׺߿ޱ飬۾µѪߣ
Ѫ½ҶԸʣµСආǴɣ
׵Ѫ£ʺҶϣȴʺһ֣﹫⣬ʣµʮ̫֡࣬ΧסСħɣ
С̫ࡢСŮȫΧסˡ
֮ǰϴˮСŮŵɫ԰ףԭĲµʺûʲô£Ҳû뵽ᷢչһȻǬֱӶ֣
ЩСŮǶһʧܣǾԻᣬʺɱǣɱһֻһһ⣡
ڵ£ƺҪӮѾܣԼЩСŮǣҲһᱻ
벻֮䣬Ҳнաľܣںڣüҿʺ飬Ҳһ
﹫˦˦ԼĻ̫ϴʤߵ΢ЦĿ⣬ͬڿһ档
ŵ﹫ɫ˿ָͶʲô³
ţǬȫӳжʤ㡣
ǡ﹫תͷ츳ƺѽָ֤֮Щ˵ĹʺҲܽ¶ڹС̫֪࣬ġľ
﹫ϴһζ֮ɫʺն֣ȷʵҲҪһ˳ɣҲ֤˲ܶס֮ڣÿһ֤֤ˡ
ָ֤ľЦˣЦú⡣
Цݣ﹫üͷһ壬Цʲô
ЦɵơСħͻȻڣһȫע⣬ڹ꣬һūţԽˣŪ⸱˲ˣģĪǾȫ˶һ
Сħ˵䣬Цû֦Ҳƺǰŵ˿Ƶġ
ˣȻŭ﹫
ͱСħһΣ˵˸¿ǵڶΡ
Сˣƺ˵֮͢еĿģ֪ľôȥΪɷˣľν֣ľлأȥ֪ˣ
﹫ЦľǷ˻ʹжŮϿ̷֮һľһľľнľͻһֱͱŮԵ壬Ůľϣĥǳпᡣ
ߵУõľݵӲľӲټ̵Ů߱ȥΪһʹв
﹫ĻɫĿ¶ɱ
﹫ЦһһСɱ⣬ϣԣһֻһͷͻӶһ㡣
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ɲǼ䣬﹫ֻȻӳһǹâֱ
ͬʱһɲçۻϢȫϢޱȣ·һ޴ɽѹѹȫӲ
﹫ֻоԼ·ѹɽ£ʼˣ
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ٶȿ쵽˲ĵزֻǧ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬﹫ǰзѪǹ̶ֱ£
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﹫ʧɫû뵽ôͻȻͷų˿ֲȫж
ƴĿסѹҪһͬʱſ죬ӿ³һŻҺɫĻ棬Ҫ֡
Ȼεʵοںѹ֮£ɱ﹫ֱ練ƣ
ֻһ죬﹫³Ļգ۵ʱ䶼ûӣֱӱѪǹһǹը
ǹƲֹɭǹ⣬ֱ﹫ʺ
ʱ﹫³ƣۿǹҪԼУ﹫ŵûɢ
æȥֽ䣬ҪֽһصķȻǹ̫ˣһǹĿ֮£﹫ĻԪֽͬһ㱻
Ѫǹ﹫Уݺͷʺ﹫ĺֱһѪ꣡
ʱ﹫մֽóһöϵķȴʹˣʺ̴ʹҪʹĲҽУȻƫƫ̴κ
ʹ࣬޷ݣ
ʱһ˳ǹ﹫ʺ


1583 
һ˷Ѫǹ﹫ָоһֻһ㣬﹫û˫סǹƴ˫ߣУʹȻΪ̴Ҳ̻٣޷ֻʹ
Ѫˮ©һĴʺƶл﹫оѸٵţ
ûԼȻһ죬óǹʺٴݻ٣жܽһ£
ͻһĻȫ˶ˣΧ¥С̫࣬СŮȫɴ۾ΪȻߣȴ֪﹫Ŀ£
Ϊʹĸܹ̫࣬ัܹ̫УڵڶѽϣڴܹκľԪھۣ棬ʵѾҪɲˡ
С̫ࡢСŮһǶ﹫µҪ﹫ͬèǾһµȻһǹ̴ʺǹϾ
տʼǶӡҲһ츳һ߰ˡ
㡭
Ѫһ˫ɴ¶һ˿ʣղţĿọ̈̄ʲôƣʦĶƷ﹫֣ǸոգԼ֣ûнκڱһɿµѹ﹫ûзͱƷ
㡭˭
ԭеҶվһ˫۾ԭⷿзǳۣΪһ̫磬ֻΪǸСϣû뵽ᷢһĻ
ʱɱ׵ɫҲǰһ㡭ĸ֯ˣһСȺ֮У൱ˮƽ
ϹɭЦݣͬʱʮ־裬ܹش﹫ˣܿµʵ
һʥ۷ǿߣһǹʺǰһڶǿߣΪһٰģ
һЩΪطУȫԼ磬˿ΪףѪ£ʩչطܴ½Ҳ
ΪףҪαװԼΪǾˣͺñݵ𣬷ҪסֻҪһɫˣҪݳһˣȴҪտļպƤߣǾѵĸ֣Ҳ
ʶ磬ܹαװԼΪͬʱøԼ˿ط֮٣Ҳǳ
٣ɱžûط͵Ϯɱֻ˳ܶࡣ
˵֮䣬Ҳڶȫ֪۲磬ҪıΪţֻҪԼĲңܸҵһ˿ԾĵطȻʧˡ
Ȼһ壬û˿αļüͷ΢壬ôĸıΪطô
ҪһǴһ㣬Ųүܹ붯һ֣ΪĹǴѣүʥ磬óôĶ

﹫֮з֣ץʺҪʺֻϧѾȵ
ʺɫ÷ǳѿ
Ȼ﹫﹫ЩҲĹôµ棬ܲȣºģϵҲǺ֮ǡ

ʺ㣬Ŀ¶⡣
ҷҾͷţΪ˭һʥصѹկ˰ˣ㻹ΪǺµĻʺΪ벽ʮųɾͰ벽磬עûʲôϢˣ츳ֻǿܿһʱѹʸûУ㣬ȴָʹЦ֮
¶֮ɫȻųǹƾ﹫ͬһһֱȣ

ʺҶɫǳѿ츳Ǹ˵ʲôǣڼȴ֮ŮþӸλѾڹγһߵĸ߰˷
ȻһĨֽ䣬ֽ֮Уȡһŷ׭׭Ƿֽɣð̣ͨ徧Ө͸
ҶϺʵ֮ϣʶûԼ֣ǽеķ׭һ˦
Ʒķ
һУҲƷķƷʦ֣֮ƷʦǴ
һʹҪ;ǰ벽һʩչᱻشСģɱ֣
ķֵǣһ벽ʸʹãҲֻҶĸܹӵмΪĵƣ
ˣ
еķһóֻͨ˱ᣡ

ķȼǰƺڻˣڰе·ɢЩ·޵ƣķǽɱС
ת·ֻЦһ˷
û˱˽⣬Ʒʦⷽ棬ҲĪ
һķɱ֮һƽⷽ
Ҳû̫Ԫĳɵһǹֱ̿зƵһ㣡
һĻڳ˴󾪡

Ѫ¾ȫʢ״ֵ̬Ҫֶλ⣬Ȼô̳һǹ̶ֱһը˶ᱻըѪģ
ۿԴ󣬻ʺҶϷ𼸷̵ֿЦݣſըһĻ
ȻһǹڿƵһɲǣ˼һĻˡ
һڷѪǹǹâĶ֮£ûзըâѸȥ
š͡죬ҵ·ǹâɢһСǱ˵һĴݡ
ƺصҪȻվϨ𣬽ճһƵûбκοµͳױˣ
⡭⡭
ʺҶϵɴһ˫ۣϵıͷ·ӵƴͼһ㣬ÿһų۵ķᾭֲԣܳ֡ƵƷķǻѾ޴Ĵ۲µģǾСĺ˲飬ôܾôˣ
ѵǸղһǹʲô֮
Ҷϲţȷʵ˵ķʦЧۿۣõͼķ߼ʦʱ
ƷķƷʦ
ڣȥķƷļܲڣǰһƷʦɣ
ʱ˿̣Ǭеиֶ˵Ѫ£и˾κˣȴ֪ľһʦոͨƷʦˣ
һƷʦƽƷķ


1584 ѪǬ
֮ǰѪϽܵʱĴ仹츳ˮƽ
ѪȻþޣپҲûãо˸ﲻæ̫ˡ
Ѫ¸ĵʦǹʦһ֪Ѫ²Żһ̸֮ѪҲϣˣʦĹϵ
ΪһαװߣѪȴ֪Ϊģĳ֮ǰⶨ˹䣡
Ҳ˵αѣؼûбҪôԼαװһʲôô
һӵĹ䣬սȴףͨƽķѪ¸оѾ޷һˡ
ʱƿȴûֳַͣѪǹǹֱָʺҶϣµɱҶȫ
ȻҪҶϼ֣
ʺ󣡡
ԭ﹫ʮ̫ࡢ֣ۿһ̤ǰȫۼ˻ʺǰʺҶϻ
ǽµʮѾѪƽˣʧˣʮûʮǰûʲôֿ֮
ʮ̫ࡢֶɫҰףʺˣһҪᣬڣҲһҪ
һ㣬һ̤ǰѾߵʺ֮ǰʮɵľ룬֮£ںмʶٷ˵ҶҲɫ֪ǳ
ף
ҶԪʱΨһܿľֻˡ
Ȼȴ΢΢ûеڻʺǰ
㣡
ʺһֻǺϵǹӶϵ׸о̫֣Ļ⣡
ʱٶȱһɲçۻϢϢǬ
ĺɿռ䣡
ʵԽԽǿɿռҲԽԽֲοռ֮Уųǳĺ֮
֮ͬռӳֵһ𣬸˻ʺʮ̫ࡢޱȿµѹ
ʺǿɵԪʮ̫ࡢȴվվˣһ亹ֱðȫøɸһͬ˼˶ħ
ûЩСආŻʺȻһЦ㲻ҪҰ⹷ūŻôڣҾͻ㣡
˵գͻȻֳַ֣Ѫǹֱ̻ʺҶ϶
ǹ֮ϣ﹫壡
ݣ
һ̫󺰣ȻֵʱĽȴ˸һ㣬޷Ų
һΪɿռѹѹ壻ҲΪ̫ǿ˭ǹ˭ɣ£˭ǹײ
꣡
ҫ۵ǹâǬ׵̫౻ֱɨɣͬʱа֮£ͬʱڵ֮
һ߿һӰ֣͵
ǿͬɿռԼɢĿɱһ˻ʺҶϣ޷ܣ
ȻһǹûжȫΪоֵʱɱ׵ʼԼ
Ϊǽһǿߣܲɵο׻ó͵Ϯɱɱ죬֪ʲôĴɱֶΣһСģ﷭Ҳǲܣ
ɶ񣡡
ǹâƽһɲǣʺҶϷһХִֽͳķ򣬽Ȼ顣
һɲǣ򻯳෱ӵĵưҶϵΧȻǷԵƷķ
ķֻһЦǹâڴ̵ʺҶϵһ˲ı˷
¡
ֻһ죬ǹâѪǹ̺׻֮֯һһֱڷѪǹϵ﹫һʹʣ壬ⱬը֮ķѣѪ
͵ĳҶԵķϣЩķȴֻǵֵһϢʱȻ顣
Ҷɫ԰ףʧɫصһɲǣӳһն׻֮
ȻʵĲ̫ԣɵʵĹȴɲҶֵܵģ
͵кҶȫĻԪͬһ㱬飬һȫһѩ˿˿֯ɵĻ屦ҲȻ飡
ȻǹâɺĺҶϵؿڣ
ۣ
ҶȻһѪ嵹ɶ
һ̣ϯǬƬĵשڿɷĩǺɿռķǬ᲻ڣ
ҶȫѪѪԼģҲ﹫ģ﹫ѪȫҶϵϣҲ̶ã
Ȼһ̤ʤ׷ʱͻȻŲһ٣Ȼ֣
һǹشҶϵһ˲䣬ֻоʼδɾ׶ˣ
ԷԼʽ֮͵Ϯ
һЦղһɵʵΪ˷ףͻȻ֣ʵټ˲ָԪҲɵ׵Ĺ
Ȼ׶ֺɲǣɫȴ΢΢һ䣬ֻ׳ӰͻȻģڿȫɢ
񣡣
һݣײǽɱ죬ûһʱʹãʵ̫棬ΪԭΪҪ͵Ϯûܵһʱ俴
ֻǧ֮һɲǣ׵ӰСħɵǰ
ĳֶ󣬾ȻСħɣ
׼ΪթΪĳ֣Ŀľ޷ɣʵ²ҪɱƷѪ£ǲʵ顣
ʶ״˾ʹ˳롣
ֶܿ飬Ҫеʲôջ񣬽ٳѪ£ܣ㽫Сħɵϣ
óСħɸϵͬһ㣡
ӽǬ̬֮ͱ˴˵άóСħɾųɾ˫޵£
Ƴ߶ԣ檡¯ҪвһǾǷɵˣʱӶ
˫޵²ͬ׿óСħѪͬһ㣬츳ҲǼߣ˫޵¿󣬶˵ʮҪܽٳֵͶ
ԸѪ£Ѫֻ֮Ҫ֣а취ƷѪ¡
ԲԻʵСħɳ֣׵̣þ
׳СħǰɲǣѪɫ󾪣Сħɱö࣬ǼˣҲԮ׳ֵ̫ͻȻˣٶҲ쵽ľأ
Сģ
Ѫֱ⵲׵ܷͬʱҲףҪ޾ҹȻڼӵĸʴ֮£վδãʱ׵ѾץСħɣ
߰ɣ
ɫһɲǣСħȴһЦ㵱ô
Ѫȼգ
䣡
һ죬Сħɵ壬ڶ˺ɫĻ棡
ҵĳ̶ȣ¾þ󷨼ӳֵĵש˲仯
ԽǿߣСħɱУҲǺ޷֮ȼڷ˾Ѫ˷֮õǿ


1585 ս
ӿ˺Х·Сħڣȼһգ
һ̣Сħһֻ޴ĺɫӰӰͬȫŻ棬Ǭ񷶥ڷ˳ֵһɲǾͱտˣЩͬǽһڻ
û뵽ҪֽٳСħɵһɲǣ˱ʣȥΪߵСͻȻ˿ֲ
ơħ
СħɴֽгޣȻһ޻ӳһȼŻ棬ͬʱħеĺڰգͬ׵嶼ĺڰ
ڰ⾳أ֮⾳أ
׵һԭ۵СŮȻڻڰ˿ֲ裡
̵֣һû˿ɣһ־ȫԸȼȫ˾ѪСħɣò
꣡
˱ӰХСħһɲ嵹˳ȥͬʱгٶȻӳ
һȴǹ׵ģԱӰ鲼ܣγһ磡
粢޹ȴʱһռ֮Уʩչû
ţ
һСħʩչסԼѵ
Ȼ˲ԤУʱܵ˱ӿɱ
ȻͷȴֳַѪǹħһɱ
ףӿһɱ⣬ԭԴ˱ܲ־Ͳֵ̬ϾԷһǿߣʱֲǣȻû뵽׾ȻСħɳ֣ɴۣ
һǹû˿֣ڵа֮ȫ磬ϸȻ
һ̣ܶȻڰȥǬʧˣǷ·ããǿ֮У
˶վΧ޾ռ䣬˵ͷֳ˾ſǳ
ſǳڵλ˴޾ǻԻ˿䣬ΧΧ
µɱķΪģЩǹͻȻ͵Ļ۶γһֲǺӷ籩Χռƺȫˣʧȥϵ
һɲǣǬˣסˣ
ǡ
Ѫ㶵ĿǾſǶ֮ɫҲԹ˫ޣʮſǶʲô
ǡǵǣ
Ѫ¸оԼ֪߸ˣ
ǣĴ˵磬䲻һӣԭԼ衶Ե䡷ĵƪѪ»Ȱͼ޳ɵǸʵ
¥ס˴£ѪҲûнƪһΪûܰﵽҲΪѪ¾ãƪҲûʲô壬ɣװ˷ʱѡ
û뵽ʵѾɵˣ
Ϊ˵ǣԲŻԼ衶Ե䡷ĵƪ
ôܡ
Ѫ¸оѾ޷ˣѾ츳츳ˣ벻ҪʲôԵͻƵǣ
ڳĺܶ߶壬ǲûѡ˫޵·ߣǾ֪꣬ۿֳľſǶȴҲ޷϶⵽ʲô
ֻľãƺһֿµΪоſǳֵʱ˵ߣоڵѪıſǳǣ·ҪХһ㣡
ʱˣ
ǣĿǰǿ磬Ѿ˾Ԫϵڣ
һɲǣȫǽڱ죬Ǻӷ籩ȫﵽһʮڽϡԵ䡷ķطĹǵ֮
¡
µСħɵĽͺɿռ˫֮£Ҳ޷ɿµǬ˺ѿױ٣
ħ
ٶʩչ顷һ֮еʽһУҲֻԾ֮ӳʱǿʹãħɱ֮µڤӣ
˵ʽ֮Уļ֮һˣ
ǹһɲǣռ䶼ѹ飡
һǹɫ䣡
ȻϵõǣȴԸоʱڵĿʹôʱһͷ̫ž
һ˵ôܴﵽ˿ֲľأ
һ̣ȫ̺ͣޱı
̵ֳֶ̤ǣȫ¶ɢһɫĹâɫâ̺һݵԭʼζ
ǽľˮŽٷ֮еġ֮
֮֮⣬γȺ磬
ڻ硢֮һּΪԴķ֮ͨˣʮϡ١
ҲڻԵɺ֮£õ֮򴫳Уǡзǳϰϰַˣɱصɱ֯һλãɾͽ
һնɲǣΧһжɫɣ·ض뿪һ㡣
Ǭ̫ࡢŮɿµƵԺȫѪ궯

ֻһը죬ǬСֱ̫ը飬Ȼȴûһ˿ѪҺ·ɫĹâҫֱ֮ˣɢΣ
һĻڳΪһЩ̫๬Ůͨ巢ֻҪһգȫ˹ĳܲ£
ˣ
Сħɴʱ˽ֵನȻǲ£¥СŮС̫ȴܲ
еĳޣһ㽫ŵɫС̫СŮȻ˳ȥֱӶ֡
׵ġ֮ͬĺɿռ伤ҵĽ棡
ͣ
ɫĹâͶɿռ֮ȴͬѩˮ֮УѸٵڣӴһɲǣУ
򣬱ںɷ֮󣬺οĺɿռ䱾ǻԪ𿪴ռ֮Уĺ֮ӳ֣
ɿռѾ
ۿԼɿռɣɫһ䣬ףҲһˣǧһ֮ʣǱƳһ˿ѪȼգȼվѪ֮͵Ĵ߶Լġ֮
һʱ䣬׵ĵϣƺ£޵Զն
̫Ϣ
˫ĵ֮£ǹâ׵ĵײһ
¡
һ˲ײʧɫ޹⣡
µںɿռ֮У˫ķһ֮£ʹᱻ籩ϯЩػĽȫΪɻң
ۣ
³һѪ˳ȥҲȻһΣȫѪӿ
ڸղŵһɲǣȫ֮ʱ׾Ȼ֮жĴ󲿷Ե⵲ǹâ
̫֮֮УѾݻ̫֮ĳΣȻֻһ˿ҲǳˣǿߣȻûһ򵥵ģ
ȻһϣԴ̫֮֮֮Դ
̫֮֮У


1586 ʹܹ
Դ֮ÿһͬСɡ
֮֮Դ
̫֮֮Դ
Դ֮Դ
߽ǡ񡱣
Ϊȱ˾Դβžܾϰ䡷
Դ֮ÿһֶ֮ӵô֮Ǽ̳ԻԪƾԼܵõΪ֮γ֮󣬾Ѿˣ˵ڻ춴֮Уں֮ǻ춴壬Ϊ̫ǿԳγܱտռ䣬УҲˣ
ġ󷨡Ҳܻ춴Ŵġ
ףʽ֮оȻһ˿̫֮ĳΣͬСɣȻõǿĴУ⴫ȻԪ⣬ӦҲǽ伶ġ
ʱ󷨼ӳ֣ƷԱǬѾΪƽأʺҶϣҲȫѪǱ
룬ֻʣԣ
ղһײȼһ˿Ѫ˿ֻѪӿһ£У
лʺһˣʱĿⶼһ˿־壬׶Ķ֣
һǿߣѹˣ
ʱǬҴĹŮ̫࣬սľĺţǵѹ̫ˣټϺɢϢѾվվˡ
ʱ޷ƽѪ¡
ղʩչѾ𺳣һʮڽĿֲ֮ȴһطڽҲ֮
ʩչطѪ¾ʶĸо
Ե䡷ǡԵ䡷ôȻͨԵ䡷Ѫ´ʱӿ˾κˣһֱΪԵ䡷ǹ±ȻҲ᣿
ֲáֲҪԵ䡷ĵƪԭѾˡԵ䡷İŶݼƪ˼£˵ǣ
Ѫţоǰϣš
ʱɫأղŵײԼ֮ײĺɿռ䣬ʮԡ
ֲ࣬Ʒϣ
֮Ͳɿռ侫οɿռ֮Уӳ˴ĺ֮ĺ֮Ǻ֮Ρ
֮Уֻһ˿̫֮ĳΡ
ֲ֮࣬ݣܴӣֻԳ˵СǻΪΪĶ࣬ӲžѹƣŵһСħ

׿УǴһ˿
ڸղŵĽУȷľ磡
ֳΪԪˮ׼ȻԶһߣþ͵ĻҲܽ͵Ĺȥ˵ˣûĳĽޣ
һʼΪǽǿ߼ٰģǽǿ߾ٰˮƽٸߣսʱҲάǿߵΪǻᱻѪŰġ
㡭˭
׵ĳƽԴӶʱͼɱ֯һɳΪ죬þɳ֪ٴ߱Ե˵Ǿټı飬Ѿ治ɫʣһȴеĻš
ϷһУʵ޷Գͣ
شףһƽףʼԷںһ˿صĺ֮ͱˣ
ɫ΢䣬һҪ򣿡
ѵղŲôǷһ˿Ц
ֻҪٳ˫޵£ôֻв˳Ҫɱ֯ڲұûж֣Ҳɱ֮ģ˽ԼĶʵѾǱķˡ
Ȼȴβ˵ȶҳָӴŭҡ
ȫԸҲңüһԼоԵš
ȷҲʲôǺš
αͱˣüͷ壬ڶûŪô£ֵϸ֪ǳ֪
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ȻʱǬϿյĺȴּǿ˼֣ҪסƬռ䣡
Ȼʱںɿռ֮У
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Ǿ˵ˣϣһǺţ
뵽ĪΪѾֹڴˣûһЩƴֶˣ
Ϊһɱųɱ֣ܻڣúܺãȻͬһ㣬ʲôвΪ档
׵вȴɳĬҲûг£
ãݣ׵һɺ⡣
֣ƴȵزڳʼδģȺ֮еĸֻ֣һͷ﹫֣ƻʺҶϵķ򣬶ѹ׽ʵֱ˼飡
̬Ǹ˫ްҲʡ͵ĵƣһ޿˵ŮȻͻȻ䱬˿ֲսҲݱܷâ
˸˵ĸоǲģǿš
ҪóƴطѪսʱһϵƵĴ
αֵزء
һڳɱȻ˼֡
Ƿ׷תͷȥֻһ߲Ĵݣ̤
ߣƣһͷ׷̬ӡ
ִһ˿ʮֹŹ֣ۣ̫Ŀʽǻ۵ǰغ󱳶Ž
ڻʹ֮УǻȨֻлʵۺ̫ӿԴۣ̫ӵצҪһצ
ǰ̫࣬ϵͬצζ̫ӵλͬʵϣû̫ӣҲ˵̫ڼĵλڼ
һҲ֮ˣ
Ǽ֮֮һʹܹκ


1587 
ʺ
κվ֮󣬶ԵڷеĻʺҶ΢΢
һ밲֮йעһԪԪ紺һ㴵ʺҶϵڣתһܣһֱʹ˺ࡣ
˾ܾ£ʦ£ܹκȫʣѩԼĵرڣԴķ䣬ʹĿＸ̫๬ŮĳԺȫκһƹܣνȨƼ
һȻ˵Ҫʺ밲ʵڼĵλȴڻʺ֮ϡ
ʵΪ磬֮У½ԻȨΪĵҲ뷲˵ĻʹͬûʵˣǻҲáҲãվסŵġ
ͻȻֵκ΢΢һݣϢԪжʵ
ȻֻһͨͬͨʵҲи֣֮ĸеκʵҪ֮ϡ
òɵ
Ͼκ벻ߵġ
ָ˼ԪҶվһ֣ԼϵѪЩ﹫⣬Ҳһɷɻҡ
ѩ˿֯ɵĳ۱ǱѪɣɻ価գۼֱùֻϧ۱òƲʹҶϵϽࡣ
κܸˡ
Ҷ¶ЦݣûԭκѪµ·ϣı֮ֻ˵һܸˣѾΪƽصǬԼǱӶտڲᡣ
⵹ʺ߿˼֡
κڻʹд˼ʮ꣬Ȼ֪ǰһĻʲôԭ𣬶͢ʴ֮ԭûжԴа֣֮˭ʵǿ˭ܵûλ˭ʤߣһ
Ϲչ֮ʱȷʵκҪֻʴ֮ǬûˣٴȥʹܻᱻΪƽأκҪˡ
λ֮£ΪֹΣλҲ˰ɣûعϢˡ
κ֮ƮƮһ仰Ǵ㻯ⳡ
ոջ˵ͣͣҲ˫޷κα˴˵ʱ򣬲ѲҪѡ
һۣʵҲʵȻֶξĻսʤףɱȴʵ
ʹ֮УԼҪɱʺĻκȻҲӲκʵ׻ǿԼ֣ʤԤ⡣κԲǣԼͽУοֹһ֡
˵ˣǸʲôүزʶûȥΪүҲѹûⳡ͢ʴ֮С
ҪֻǡԵ䡷ڣĿѾ˴ˡ
һۣ΢΢ͷҲʹ˻ⳡˡ
ʵѾռ˱ˣҶϾĸֹŮ̫࣬Ҳ˲٣﹫ɱˣʺϵλǬˡ
һʥ۷﹫Ҷ˵ұۣȴնˣԴˣҶҲֻ
ʵѹơ
г˺棬֪ôѧᡶԵ䡷ģȻڻѯʵʱ
һЦκ˵Ȼκ棬ҲͰˣֻϣպ󱾹¥Уһּܲҹѵ⣡
ż־ζʵǿռϷ硣
ˣǿƵʱΪˣֻҪٹһ¾ͻãʱҲԻָ۷ʵʱñʵ
һʹ֮УȻоʱ
һ棬ҶеĺһţȻվֻһ˦ۣޱĶ̫˵ĵ
ǬûˣȻǬϢˣĵǻϵĹҲֻлʺܹĵйҹӣûȨġ
һ粨ƽϢȥ˵ǬܻЩۣЩѹȥ
ȻЩΨһźһ㣬ǽûܸµʲôǺţȼһ˿ѪҲһϢˡ
һ¥ʱ˽סˡ
λСֵܣ
ŲһΣתͷֻκЦеĿԼԭ̫࣬ٳЩ죬̬ӵףһЩЦݵĻ벻ÿˣصëȻ
κЦԵ÷ǳ顣
û뵽ز¶Ȼ뵽СֵĶ︨
κ˵䣬һ˫۾һֱڴȻûĿọ̈̄Ľ֣ȴǴŸӦĵҲںݣˣһĻôǾ;Ǽһܱˡ
̫
һЦ˵κˣĳүˣҲϵүֻЩʽ̽ġ
ʮƽһ仰˵ȴκмɫĿһۣκǸʮ־Ϣͨ֪Ŀġ
ôҲû뵽Ȼʶһˣ
һҪ¿Ļλ֮ˣ˽õҲһЩ
һǰᣬκΪܿܳǰ¡
һ·Ҫ绽꣬߳ƣκ˶˵ֻСܹĹϵպô
Ȼڣκ¶ԼĳҲֻܲٶʣʱҪʹϵĴ㣬ֻЦ˵Сֵ⣬ԳͣȻº񣬷Ϊϱ
κ仰ǵ˵ġ
ʱ򣬻ʺҶϻûݣǬ¥̫ࡢŮ
ЩС̫࣬СŮУκѾʱ޶Ϲ֮⣬еǿ֮һ֮ͨУκʵҲһģġľѾľ硣
ʹ֮УκǾԵĴܹܣһ񣬲ʺ󣬻ӣҪ֣ȷ̬֧Ļλ¾Ͷһˡ
ϧûܰͽᵽҲȫԭⲻ˻
ڣڼȨλǰȴʾãڳС̫ࡢСŮȻһٿʱȴɲ
ʵϣЩС̫ࡢСŮľޣǺʵ츳壬κֺõĻܶγֱ۵ĳ
ʺҶϣϽ֮ʱκҲ΢΢һ٣ɫЩ
˽ӣߵ̫೶ɤӺһĵ
ǬһˣʧڴתǴ
¥̫ࡢŮǣǻϲػȥع;У̧ӵС̫඼ߵø𾢣·磬Ҫһ㡣
ǶǴһʤһ


1588 
¥С̫࣬СŮԣ֮Ļʺ󣬻ܹκµҪһ仰ǳ˼Ŀ´ڣ죬ʺô̫๬ŮǬûˣȴֻκû׷ٻǬΣ˵ֻҪպᱻΪϱ
˵ķӦЩС̫࣬СŮо˼飬ͬʱҲеü
ȻʺκʵֻǶЩС̫ࡢСŮûëǮϵϾ¥סµģʺηҲǶ¥Ƕй⣬г죡
ҲЩС̫࣬СŮĿɲ֮ǰϴˮСѾߣҲߵʱ򣬲ϵ͵˺档
У¥Ӣˣս龰ȻʮֶݣȴҲСѾĿ̵ӡԭСѾ߻Сħ꣬ȴĽСħˣСħɵʵͬľͳݡ
һŮʵ˲
һˣϲصĻص¥һ¥ͷʹͣЩеС̫ࡢСŮÿһǧԪģ˸ӻϲǳߺлʹͣ
΢΢һЦӻֵǶȥɡ
̫ࡢŮ˳ֻ֮ʣСħˡ
飬㣡˵䣬ΪСħһ裬Ҳ¥ΪĲÿһĹЧ
˫ֽӹ豭˵ˣ飬ҲҶһס¥ĻǻʺҲëˡ
˵ݸ㲻ǫˣҶ֪ʺѣ㲻ڣҲҵڶԸң㣬컹֪ճҿҵ˴ٹһӾܺãʱҲˣҲҺΡ
ףЦһ֣֮ǰҸˣûأʲôˣأôã޷
̾һһܹɱʥӰ涾Ŷ֣Ҳᱻˣôʱ䣬ҶҪԪѹƶԣ޷ȫս
Ŷ̳ҩʦļ䣬Ȼֶ֪ҩ
ϣ˵ĶҩȻЧЩҩɱ߽ߣ
Щҩһǳҩʦ֣֮ƵĲϣǼΪĵر
ҩʦƳΪĵҩЩ񵤣֣ΪЩ񵤶Խ̫
кþлܶԽõĵҩȻҲܶԽõĶҩ
ЩΪĵҩΪҩ̫ңòΪĻóȻöܱ
ɱ߽ߵĶҩʼ
еһ֡ԻĹĵ֭ߵĶҺټϡƶɡ
΢΢˵Ȼҩԣĳ⣬ƺӰһ̶ֳȡ
ϣƷʦӳ֣ԶһǿңѾ˴ʱˡ

°ͣ΢΢һЦ˵ĻǱȻڶҩ޷·Щ·ƽ⣬Ȼ޷Ķԣȴöʧȥļӳ֣
һ˵Ѫһ˲뵽ɣֻһǹ˻ʺҶϵĶ̶ƿҶϵĻķɲһġ
Ʒʦڶʱ
һ㣬Ѫе˼飬֪ᣬһۿƷķģרķϰҲһգ۵ʱڣƳ·
Ѫ̫ţˣҲûôڡ
ʮ䣬սʵţ
ǡӵĹ䣿Ȼоôѯʲ̫òѪ»̲סˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ĳ䣬ȷʵܴﵽľ磬ҲһЩԵ£ðˡ
Ȼ˵赭дѪ¾ôΪʮ棬õ˲֪٣ȻʥصĴˣŶϲʮ֮һ
Ȼûֱ˵䣬Ѫ»ȷϣĹ䣬ȷʵӣ
ЩͷѪͻȻ뵽ʲôһֻֽ䣬ͣ˼Ϣʱ䣬Ѫ´ֽóһöѪɫ
öǡԵ䡷ĵƪ
Ƿһ飬ұΪʺ벽Ϊߵ̫֣﹫ڣû˭ңȴʺ뵽ɱŵףЩҳԴ֣ҽտºѻˣ٣һḶʹĴۣЩǬ
Ҽסˣ֪Ҫھ͸㣬ʹööС
Ѫ˵ţɫϣƸѪȻжʵҲһЩطЩƴʽʩչѵҲпܣֻǿҪȼվѪ̶Ԫˡ
ԴδѪ¶ԣ޷ܵ飬½Ե䡷͸Ҳȫֵá
Ե䡷۾һѪ£Ϊһ򣬶ڣڵˡ
ѪµͿԽˣֻԭΪõԵ䡷ĵƪҲɣֻװ˷ʱѣԾͶҪûзϣȴ룬㾹ȻĿ˵ǣﵽ˴˵еľ磬治֪ôġ
Ѫ¶ƽ˺棬ûȥʣ²漰ĻԵܡ
ûƴǣӹˡԵ䡷֪һɨйȻ˹ڵǵ
ô꣬ԽԽáԵ䡷һʮصĹ
һʼΪԵ䡷һ䣬Ȼϸ룬ûô򵥡
ϾΪʢˣĴУȻʮʱ䣬Ѿʧ࣬硶֮幦ȻЩûСԵ䡷İԵ
ܶ幦ֻʮǰѾ̫ˡ
Ե䡷еĹȴ漰˸ҩЩҩ巨򱻷ɱ£вСãͷͬѰˡ
ԶԡԵ䡷һװ˵ķطǰҲζպԽǿһзطԽֲ
𡶲Ե䡷ѪµллȷʵҪʵһһֱʣֻЩðһֱûʳڡ
ʮѵĵֹӲؿ޷
΢΢һЦ֪ôõԵ䡷ģ


1589 Ѫ
֣Ե䡷ּĹ϶ǹ±Ҫһ׵ĻҪ߱Ե䡷Բľ硣
£ߺķѴľʱ䣬ɸƵĹ
һ㣬䡶Ե䡷ô
ܹơԵ䡷ҲʮǰĹˡ
һ׹ԼѪ··ȴͬʱõ˱˴˻ףҲ̫ˡ
Ȼдʣ֮ǰƼˮ꣬漰ԴйһЩܣ˼Ҷ벻ԼϵҲˣ˳
Ȼȴ룬ԼʳѪȴ¶ɫƺԸش
ֹӡ⡶Ե䡷һؾеõģ漰Ǹؾ飬ȴйҸ˵һЩܣһ˵ȥвҵȫʵ޷桭Ǹ
ѪŴ˵־ȴԹԴѪԼжⲻȥ
ѣ˵漰ȫﲻشȻĳͻˡ
˵Ѫһ˫һ˿ⲻȥ飬˵ʵݣֹӣʵҲֹйСԵ䡷ûĻʱֹӶ׵ʱ򣬿Ǻ󣬱ǡԵ䡷ķطԼ˼ô
ѪϳԵ䡷Щ⣬ѪԼҲˡԵ䡷ǣеġԵ䡷ֻǵƪŶݼ׶û룬ôģ
УĲһЩ²⣬Ѳɡ
ĿѪһۣһ˿ʡ
һ˿ͣ٣ȴѪΪԸش̾һ˵֪ԼЩֹֻ֣СԵ䡷Ŷݼƪ˵ĺҪ漰һֱѰҵһˣ˶˵һҪܣֹӸңֹһҪ֪СԵ䡷ƪҲ˵飬ֻϣֹ֮ܶģй¶ȥ
Ѫ˵ĿѪ£۾ǲ֮ɫ
漰ѪһֱѰҵһˣѵǡ
ϡȻôɵ飿
һֱڷ㶣ѪЩżαңҪΪѯ£˵Ļһ취ҲûС
ֹӣھ͸СԵ䡷ƪֻϣֹӲҪ˵ȥ֮ǡ
ѪҪϸ˵ԼһЩܣʱȴһԹŹֵ˵ǸҪҵˣòĽɡ
һ˵Ѫ˾񱻵һȫסˣŵĿ۾ӿֳ飬Ӿ㵲ţĵϲϲ
ָ΢΢ĲȻƺʶʲôӿһɾ֮飬µõģһΪϢ
Ѫ˷ӦѾȫ϶ԼĲ²⣬ипû뵽ĽԼѰҵˣҵˡ
ҲˣѪºеġ¡֣ʵȡѪµıĽ¡
Ľ£ĽܷѩʧɢãΪڤ׷ɱĽܷѩ귢ħϮɱ֣ͬʱҲͳѩ磬ӴˣĽ䲻
ȴ룬ĽΪ˱Լ·һɱ֯
֮䣬ĥԼʵӵ㹻һ졣
ͬʱҲѰ䡣
ڡѪ¡еġѪ֣űʾѪҲĽӵе򡪡޾ҹ󣬾һѪ¸
ѪɺϣҲ³򣬵ѪΪڤӵĴڣѽ·ԼΪ컯ʥӣҲ·ѰҡԵ䡷ҵѪµϡ
Ƶѡ˽յɺϣԵ䡷ĴڣǶʶ
ȻѪҪʵ̫̫ѣڤӵܴ½ʧһֵֻĻ¼벽𾳽硣
Ľ£ôŬҲǳѡ
֮Ĳ࣬һǰľ˵ҲǧͿԽǶ˼˵ȴҪ꣬ʮʱ䣬ܼѵĴﵽ
ٲһţһ޷Խ硣
ڤӵ츳Ƕ˼ˮƽĽҪ׷ѣ
Ľ´ʱûʧ飬Ľû£ΪһЩԭûиңһҪҳ·֮󣬾ͿԴȥ֮ǰĽ㣬ǵܷʥصСʥŮĽ°ɣ
˵ⷬĽӶڲţǳסӲסԼ塣
Ѱʱ䣬ʱգڵõ˽Ϣ
û¡û°
Ľ૵ظĻˮ˫ۣʪɴ
û˵ǰһԣ֪ϢĽµĳܴҪʱƽ顣
һӵʱ䣬Ľ²Ŵӵ֪ϢĴ󱯴ϲлظĿ¶ĸм֮顣
ʣֹӸҽǡĽ´ʱٿĿѾȫһˣҵĶĽ˵ʲôҪ
ĽʦѣҶȹҳ̤֮·ʱһѵʱڣҺܶණĽ˵ʦͽҲǲս飬ȹҵΣҲȹ˴˵Ĺϵǵ޻˵ܲɷԸԼһζԷĵزƽʱҽĽʦ㣬˵ϵʦˡ
˵ⷬĽѾ˴룬Ȼֻһ֮ʣȫȡĽ¡
ֽĽܷѩԼȥңԶŵ۶õʮ౦˵˳ĽܷѩĹùĽˮ죬Լܷʥңõİȵȸ飬˵ʮϸ
ЩĽѾȫˡĽܷѩȫεĹϵĻԲܴȥңһжڽܷʥصϣϡ
Ľ¿ʵ̫ˣ㹻һ㣡
û뵽ҵľţǽˣҲܷʥصˣ㲻ӵ䣬Ϊڣսͨ費˼飬ŶݼףͻƵǣʮʱôġöõ츳ٻԵŬ͸
ĽУɳӢۣһδ٣ܳһľţȫԿٵʮǰķҲˡ
Ȼһеǰǣܽ츳ȥܹάһ·߸ͽͷ
㸨̫ˣڣؽܷʥأѣڤӵĸֻҪʱ䣬ҲڤӣĽƽˣڤӣʵǺ޵ҧгݣڤӳܷʥأȴƷܷʥأĽһ壡
ĳޣ죡
ڤˣڿѾǴˣܷʥضĳޣҪӳ飬ܼһʱ
Ľ˵ţȴ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫԥһ˵ڤӵĳ𣬿²òˡ


1590 
ţ˵ʲôĽһ£ûŪΪʲôô˵ڤӵĳòģ
Ľ˵䣬ɻĿһۣ˵ĽܷѩǱ˴˿ԽԷĻ顣ĽܷѩҪĳȻӲ
Ľ¿ġ
һ´оȻף˵ĽҲӦòڲţֻǿһʱԽܡ
˺һĽ㹻׼ʱ֮󣬲̵˵Ǹʵڤˡ
ʲʲô
ĽµķӦֱվһ趼㱻ײˡ
˵ڤˣ
Ľ˵䶢캧ˣ
ڤӣôѹϵĴɽѹɱ֯Ϊɱֻ֯žɱԵͻƾ硣
ĽԼ츳ڤѷɫһЩټϣڤӱԼ곤࣬Ҫ׷ڤӣǳѣ
Ŭ
ҲΪڤӵĴڣĽһֱй飬ڵˣֻ֪ĴºѪ£û֪ı
ɱ֯ݣס
ȻһѹĳˣؽܷʥصˣУʱ޷Ĵڣȴ֪Ѿˣ
ĽһʱԷӦ
ڤӺεǰѾͻƽ츳ǴӦǶĴֱư벽𾳽
ˣؾĶ֮٣ڤӵĳǸֶΣҪԼ䣬Ǿǰε飬ôģ
ѵɱˣ˭ɱһ
ĽµĵһӦǲţȻоһƽʱϲ꣬õʱȴܸ˾ϲˣˣ벻ѣ˵Ҳûʲôô
ǡʦ֣ĽȻʶֿܣиʦȷʵɱڤӣ
ڤǴƹһ磬ӵһҲȫɱѹһ
ĽܷѩȲʵڶڤӺ֮ǣʦ֣Ǽпܡ
ʦ¶Ź֮ɫһ裬һ˵ǰмʦڵĻ붼򲻹ҡǶʦʵұģͲڡ
ݹʦ˵ϻˣϹŷķӣʯˣЩˣѾĶˡ
Ȼô˵ĽµһŤ˸ӵֽˣǿһһĿ
Ľ·Ӧ˺þöûӦ㡭ûʦһڣ
ǰɡ̯̯֣֮ǰһʦΪ˸ṩһЩˣʵޣ˶ϵܻв֮ģһʦ壬ǶٻɵһЩ
Ҫ˵𼶵ʦĻʵҲУǾǻԪ𣬲Ѿ꣬Ѿˣģָ㣬ҲָĲࡣ
һ˵ĽѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ûʦȻ˱̬ĵزôģ
ǣûʦĻڤôģ
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һ£Ľһоţ˹˵ʵڤӱɱġ
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бһ䲻ӵˣɱ˶
ĽУһϲˣ£Ҳţ
̶͵ҲɱڤӣΪڤ֮ǰˣȷе˵ҽһ֮УǾɱشڤӣǿɱ
ȻʱͣĽ»Ǵ֮Уطɱ
˵ɣôף־أ¶˵ҲȫɣĽ·ǳڤӵֶΣһսթôмƣᱻɱ
ǡʲôأĽ¸о콫һӵľ㵶ˣ֪ǰˡ
룡
롭Ľһ⴦أȻ˵
ųƴĵطҲֻܹɳУȻľõɱڤӣǱȻյľأĵطôɽУ
ڤӶᱻشľأôģĽ¸е޷⡣
˵ҪΪͨһõһЩϢֱڤӱУһЩŻɱЩ˽⡣
㡭ˡȣĽ΢ţһ֮ɫ˵ȣǸųư𣿡
ĽµȻ֪Ƕôµһطĺģɳ룬ǽУһȥ޻ء
д˵ܾǽȣҲ޷ȻǴ˵Ҳ֤ȵĿ¡
ӦֻһȰɡ˵Լо˵еˣһĺѽܡ

ĽѾ֪˵ʲôˣ˵Լȣֳɹ֮Ľ¾ȻûоĪҪǣ֮ǰԾ̫࣬ľˡ
˵㱻ڤӱȣͰ֮Уɱ
Ľ૵˵ԼоޱȻ龭
ǵġ˵ͷ
ڤսթᱻɱĽʡ
ΪɱңҲòɱң֪գҲҪ׷ɱңΪʱ⡭
ڱڤ׷ɱ飬Ľû̶˵ˣʱڤһ£û·òɱԼ
᪣벽ɱǿܴʱ׷ɱԼˣ׷ɱ̣򵥵˵һ¡
˵ʱĽ΢΢鶯豭һڲƽ飬һ˵һС
˵龭ʱǸߵʱ򣬾ͱ׷ɱ
ȣͻ֮ɱ벽һһ벽ڼɱЩʹּı֮յĽɱУʵжͷԡӦȴһɣ
ȴֱڤӴһߣڤŶǶ£һʱȴͻ˾磬ǡ
ְڤɱˣ
ˣɱˣȫɱ
һ飬Ľ·ƽĿȴ૵˵㰡㣬ҵһĹ
ĽţժԼɴ


1591 ޱ
ڤĽҲûҪԼˣοΪѡˣҲȫֵΡ
ժɴĽ£¶ա
Ҳ˫ʮ껪ŮӵģɴżĽ£üԣ½ЎӣС欣ܹгŮߣĽϵصʯȹɫͬʢĻ䣬һɴļϣʹȶˡ
Ľϲ裬һɫĹװ裬Գϸ֫κַ顣
Ǻþáûժɴˡ
Ľ̾һΪڤӵĴڣʼջС֪ڤ׷ħ䣬Ľ£ĽܷѩڤصѰҵĶ
ʶ·ĽҲɱֵݣԼ
¹ҼǵĽ˵еġԵ䡷ԭǲƪֻаŶݼƪе°벿Ѱģ
дˣܷʥصġԵ䡷ģԼ˰ŶݼƪѪ˵ƪĻһʼ뵽Ѫ¾Ľˡ
Ľµ⡶Ե䡷ĺ벿ħڵżõģ֪Լ츳Ѹϳԭͱ곤ڤӣĴѰһԵ
ܷʥظʱ游µıʼУ֪ħżĽ֮ɴɱɷŹ˼һħżҽѰԵʱѾǰ벽磬ȴЩڴˣȴûеõʲôмֵĶΨһջֻ⡶Ե䡷ĺ벿ȴˡ
ʱΪǰһˣʧúܣȴң⡶Ե䡷ĺ벿Ҳ㣬òϢˡ
Ľ˵꣬ĴѰԵ£ڻǾĶǣܶʱ򣬶һߣһСľͻ䡣
ڡԵ䡷ĵƪĽȷʵˣĽ¾ûĽܷѩԷ˫ΪĿ꣬ԾԪϵΪϵֻԣв
ԭȻ¹պʲô㣿Ƿ׼һͬ򣿡
ȻҪȥ꣬Ĵ̽ѰؾʱȻԵûҵ٣ȴżȻõһöϹҲƾöƣҽ·һΪԼҲΪ˶ڤӵ׷ɱ̫ˣһԼĻվᱻҳ
ڤԽթڤʥ֧֣ϧȥѰĽµĻձҵҲ֣ϾĽʱΪҪϵϵѰԵܻᱩ¶һ˿
ֻҪڤλãĽôݣҲڤӵ۾
һ㣬͸Ľˮ첻ͬˣԭڤӾͲ֪ܷʥң֣ĽˮΪѸߣǱþҲȥѰԵĵӾˣֻҪԼ¶ڤôҲҲĽˮͷϡ
ԭ¹һö
·֮ǰ͸˵·ְֻ취
һ֣ǿдͨʮǰбٻĿռͨῡܽ·
ڶ֣ǵõһö
·ʮ֮ǰкܶҵһöĻͨңͿƾֱӽ·ңҲǴ·뿪صһֵߡ
ĽͿʱ·ˣȻÿһΣҪ൱ӴԪģܶ߸֧
ĽʲôأҪڼЭϻλô
Ľµͷұɱ֯ĸ߲׷ɱʱҲæҶܾʹ뿪Ҫ飬㲻ܰϻλҲٱסȺ
š΢΢ĽôҲ֮УͲĻʴ֮ˡ
ĿѾﵽ뿪ԣ˭ʵۣûκιϵ
Ľ뿪Ҫһʱ䣬ֱָǿߵʵĻɱ֯ĸ߲㣬ҲκĽˡ
뵽ͻȻһ˵ҵǺ棬ɱ֯ΪҪĽﲻݣʧٵĴ죬Ľʲô¹ˣ漰һЩܵĻ¹ҲԲشֻһʰˡ
ĽһЦ˵ûʲô˵ģǽεˣȻҲ㣬ɱ֯Ĵͽޡ޵֣ɱֽ˵׹ˣȴ֪ޱˣҲһŮӣ
ĽµĻզ֪࣬ɱ֯·Ҳǰˣ벻쾹ȻһŮӣһΪŮӣһŷɥɱ֯ȴ֪׾ʲôйµˣߵһ
Ľֵһɱ֯Ϊ·һؾУżȻ˵һʶ޶ͬã޺αˣһˡ
֪Ѫ֮ǰһң˵ܻ뿪ɱţúѰԵ㷵򣬰ѳˡ
Ľ˵΢΢һ֮ǰǵ͹µǼļֵԭΪһµĶҲģĽ˵һȴпĽѰܻɱڤӵĻԵǾ˲ˡ
ڤѾǶĴ¹Ĳ಻СһݻԵֲĻǿҪⶫˡ
ĻĽȴǿЦһ΢΢ҡͷ
ôף˵µĶĻԵǴſ˵·ĻԵˣǡòҶԼҲ֪֮ⶫ»˷Ѵˡ
Ľ˵̾һ
ʵĽ츳ãȻ統ʱΪŵĽܷѩܹԼ޵磬δϣɾʹѾϵ˵ˮ׼ˡ
ˣպľ磬ҲͨѣܹΪģٮٮߡ
·ĻԵѵǡ
һģЩµʲôˣܺų·ĻԵûõǿֻһֶˣ
һʸ񡣡
ĽµĻҲ֤Ĳ²⡣
ʮῡܣ·ȥɸΣյ̽Ѱ־һվΪ˼֮ģﵽ·һʸ
··µģͨͻõ·Ľ
ȻѶȸߵòҪȫɣǳѡ
֮ǰ֮ĿƵĻ˵Ļһɵٷ֮ʮϵģֻˣһʥߣһǻߣһһŮ
ʥߣĴС컯ʥĦɵٷ֮ʮһ
ǸŮӣǿɵ˰ٷ֮ʮ
һļ¼


1592 
·ҲΪġҲԼɵ١
ɶȣÿٷ֮һСΣÿٷ֮ʮǾһ̨ס
һʱ䣬ʮӿ·ῡܣټ϶ɳ·ߣ˼Ҳ˵ɶȳ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ôٷ֮ʮ壬ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮ塣
ÿһΣζһηԾ
ƣ츳֮⣬ҲܼƾЩڴ٣
ȻμɱҪһ£ǾǾ·Ŀ飬ȥȡһһ׵֮ģ
õЩ֮ģ·ס
ʱЩᷢı䣬ҪԼȥѰҡ
֮⣬ЩҪضʱɣĳһؾУؾÿʮ꿪һΣôҪʮꡣ
ЩڵؾΪ̫Զλû̶Ҫжסò׽棬ʵģؾ֮кܾܿˡ
֮ܶõһʸҪͶʱ;
ʵǿ츳Ҳߣǲ⣬ȱʱ䣡
ڼ컯ʥӻа֮ԼҪԪϵҪΪ׼л漰ʱ̫ˡ
ĽʸʱĶˡ
һʱû˼ڣʱĽȴ˼һЦ˵˵һʸ񣬵·һ֡崫֮͡ģ֮ģһһСӡܶῡܲμӽеģĻʱҿԴ㣬ڣʸӦò˷ˡ
ĽܷѩѡˣʵչĽ±ʵչҪĽҲɾʹѾǼޣǰ;
ʸʲ
ǶлˡȷʵҪʸ񣬶ҡ˵¶ɫתͷһ۲ԶСħɣĽ½̸ʱСħһֱڴڣҲ廰
ʱСħɣȻҪһĽ£ǷһСħɡ
ĽݸһЦ˵ԭȷʵѾѡٺõѡҲĵ£˵ǹҶ֪ǲ
һʼĽûôֻǸͲڵʦ߸ŵŮֻŮ飬Ǿ͸ˣֶûʡ
СħɵǲΪ⣬Цҽмɶɶͺˡ
ɶţ֣ôɶң֮ǰѡˣˣμˣȻ˵ӣǵ˺棬Ҫ˵츳ɶԽ츳ӵ¡
¹ģҶȻṼ֣ص˵гţҲڴ˵ʲôʱԽ룿
һΣһʮʱ䡭
ʮꣿ
һ£ʱ䣬ԤϣڣʮѣٹʮĻһ
̫ˣĽ¿˼ῡ·̵ĶҪʱ䣬ģпǧ꣬꣬ЩһӶȥġ
ʮ꣬ʵڲʲô
áܿƽ飬ʮ꣬Եȣڼ䣬಻ò飬ҲҪʱ䡣
Ե䡷ѼҪĵرٱҲҪȥС
֮⣬Ϊ̫죬ҲҪʱȥۻԼĻһҪ磬һЩƿ
ʮ꣬һ۵Ḷ́ز١
컯ʥӵԼսаʱ䣬۵ʮ꣬Ҳǳԣ֮ǰȻд˾ʱ䣬ʱ֮Уʵֻȥһѡ
ҲãҾ͵ʮ꣬ȥһ
˾ҪʮʱУ۾ԪϵΪͬʱڵͻƣ
Ľ±˴˴ӡǣʮ֮Լ
¹ҿܽھҪ뿪ˣⳡʴ֮ҾͲˣ¹ĵˣ֮⻹ж٣¹˺֮ԼһܹӦô
ʸӲμӣֻһ˵ĻǸĽһЩôĻԼĽµСӣִҪʸ֤ȻͬѾչˡ
ɡֻҪ˺ˣҲɵǡĽ·ɱ֯л켣ô֪꣬˶ΣպɱӦ˵ĻôҲˡ
ãھЭ¹κãҸо¹ϣƺ˲ֹһֵƣ
ø֪̽һĽµȴ֣Ľµ磬޵ơ
Щƣ·ĻΪܸҲѽ
ţ׷õ֮ģҲܽ𣿡
·Щ֮⹦Ч紫Ͷѣ׷ٵˣūȵȣܶ˻ֱӽǵɸطʹãƻ׾һöԵ֮ġ
Կɡûаѻ˵ָָĴ齣ʾĽ
ɫĽУĽ´һɫȹڴϣͬŭŵõһ㡣
һ£˫ְĽµСϡ
ĽԭʹŶСĽأƽ̹С¶棬й⻬
Ԫϵߵ磬λСλãҲ˵ĵڡ
ʱľˮԺûκĽµС֮Уĸ֪ÿһƵλãǵĽṹ


1593 
·֮ģ֣ƾԼԡ顷һһһЩ޵Ƶλá
ЩƣĽµ˿ʽţƾõʱ䣬Щϸ˿ڣȫʧ
ʱȴȲ𣬱뾡
׼һ˿ͷ󣬶Ľ˵Ҫʼˣܺۡ
ÿһγɵ˿ĽµѪ֮УҪǳͬ˵Ѫгһ͵˿ߣеȻвСʹࡣ
ǷܵĻֱӾʹιȥˡ
ߵԶȷǿ󣬵ߵҲӽʵ˿ʹȻҲǿ
һ˿ʱĽµҵĲһ£СƽӴĵطһЩϸСĸ
һ١
Ľҧɳڣ֪˶ĥѣЩʹԣʲô
˵ͷʳָ˿һȦʼ
ʮͣȻˣЩ·˺ʹҲˮХһҡ
ʹһĳĽµľ֮ĽȻҧûȫˮʪ͸ʹôʱԸ次
ʼȫעһӵʱ䣬ڽһ۸ӵ·γɵ˿˳
˿ڿлһĨʧ
ͣʼڶ
ĸһʱʱ䣬·ȫ
ʱĽ£Ѿȫʪ͸ɫ԰ף촽ҲʧȥѪɫһС
һҲĲС
㣬ĽϵĴ˺ȫˣҲûܹλãֻʣĶԣĽµʵûд˺Լ£ЩֻҪʱˡ
ˣ¹Ȼطˣʮ֮ҾҪ뿪ˣҲ´μ棬Ҫʮ֮ˡ
Ľĵ˵ͷԼ磬Ȼ˵ڵĴ˺ۣȫˡ
Ľ¸еΪĲ˼飬˺ۣ϶޲ߣֻܽĽµ꣬˺̺˲һһ
ֻһʱɾʵ档
ʮ󡭡ټɡ
ĽǿЦЦҲ뿪ɱ֯ˣбȽ׽ˣ޴ˣȻҪȥһԸδ֪ôޣҲûĽ̫ˡ

ʮ֮Сħ뿪˼ʮʱ䣬ѶŴΰݷҪϹϵܾˣýֺͷ뵽Ŀģ޷Ҫϻλ
ûȤⳡ岻Ĺ͢ȥԾܾʮָɴࡣ
ΣҲֻˡ
ʮϸ滮һʮƻ
Ϊ̻֮⣬ǽΪҪ
ҪǵĵڶȴҪաԵ䡷мأһּΪϡҩ̰顣
ֵҩҪϡĵرҩʦҪ󼫸ߣϸҵ˵޼С
ҪŪֻһְ취Լ֣ѼϣԼơ
ɻǳĺķʱ;
ٺʱ䣬ҲȥɣԣҪ̶ȲھԪϵ
صĳǣʦԱݣԼŵۿ۱׼ۣ˶ѻɽĲϡ
Щۻļ۸ߵզ࣬Ϊ㻨ȥٿ
ڻԪ칬м̳˴ĲƸ·Ǳڤ׷ɱĳдʵĻӻڣĲƲѾˮ㣬ʮˡ
ЦѣٷңҲסг޽Ĵʻ
ҩḶ́ȴûдʦᣬΪֽ׶ѾҪʲôʦˣԼ㹻ˡ
ԵŸֽףַĳǣһһЩĵط
ĵطʺͬʱҲܾԼĸΪΪͻʥû
в֮ͳԪ칬αװɵһ齢ĳǡ
һɾµʱ䡣
·һʮ첢棬ȻʵûʮôҲһܹġ
Ԫ칬˰µʱ䣬ĿĹң顣
·ʮ壬ӦоУֻѪˣɳҪ
˶飬ŵȻҲʤ
ţֻ·ССУʮֲ۵һ
ı׼ֻһƷţеȨߡ̫ϳϣֻ˶¡
ˣ̫ϳǰڣڡ
ֻвʮǿ˵Ѿ꣬˵֮꣬Ԫ޶ˡ
һգһòŮ˵ҪţӣԳһͽʦҩʦ
˶ᣬ츳ڣʮ䣬Ѿ񺣺ڡ
˵Ƿǳĺˣδس䣬Ҳһϣ
ʶŵĳǣԽӼˣһ˵ݺ󣬽ǶΪŵӡ
˵츳ڳϷǳ⣬˵һͼʦҩʦʲôģųϵ̫⣬ϾһСţʦ̫ˡ
һҪ޳мֵʦҪķѴϡϣŸ͸ʵǿˣǿߣж٣
һһŮߣŰˣȻСħˡ
ռǣѡһСȶȹʮ굽ʮʱ䣬徻һЩҲ򵥡
ܾƿĵҩͬʱԼΪһ
СħɵȻǸһо꣬СħɵΪҲ̫죬ҲҪʱΪ
ԼСħɵΪѹƵ񺣺ڣƭŵ˵Ȼκ⡣
СħŰ
ûܶһžͿʼչס֮ȴȸԼסһҺһҡ
ߵʦõ۸߰һ㣬Ҳͽˡ
ųϼĴˣ̹ȰοҪΪ̫ʱ䣬Լ츳װ˷ѹ;
ֻЦЦȻûȥ
һ;ȫˣû취ģҪˣһȥҲûгˣֻԼϲˡ
ţʼıչ
ÿʱ䣬ҩϵʱһھдϢΪżҲСħһ֡˵ʵһĹš


1594 
ҺҩҵϢܿŴˡ
һ¼·ʦǲټȻʦְҵ·ڸ߹ְҵҲֻжĳǻۼʦ
ЩǴ˵еĴڣǸӴĳҲֻоӢеľӢܽ룬ͨҪĳǵĴŶС
ʦְҵҶֻ˵δͻȻһʦܶ˾Ҫܵƣʦ׳˸ʲôӣôġ
ȻĵӣƺôԸ˽һ˽ӣҪݷȴһ˴ҺеЩʲôԸĽӴӡ
ʱҲھдϢһöѪɫ򷭿֣һ࣬ΪصӣҲ֪ʲô
꣬쿴򣬾üƺɻ󲻽⣬ʱͻȻéٿΪϲӡ
ݷõĿʮΣôӴˮƽΣǷʦʦʲôģһ߳Ѫɫ֮Уһûı飬úܶʦȤĵӸоûȤ
ŮӺܶ࣬ŵŮӣԲʮﶼȻһЩòڣ츳ҲŮӣҲǳ˱Ÿ
ģûʲô˹ݷˡ
Ҳʼƽӡ
ϰôûİÿʲô룬ûκιǵ£ȵ
СħɣҲͬ˷һ㣬ÿհݡ
ûûգûЩؾԼϱĶͽ
վɱ֮Ȼͻƾ硣
ҪҪΪȴڰĻиʣԴῡ˵Ҫüǧ꣬ʱͻ
⼸ǧʱ䣬Ҳֻʱ䣬ȥѰԵʱ䶼ľΪ̻Ҳڹ
ȻΪչˣȴ֮·ϱزٵḶ́κ߶ҪҲ⡣
ȥתۼ䣬һȥˡ
ֻҪʱ벻öѪɫ
ȻǡԵ䡷ĵƪˡ
ĶʱҲΣûϳʲô
һ̰꣬ƣͷ
ǵĵڶӦ̰ǡ
ǣֱ̰ǡš»桢ꡢƾ󸨣
ĵһϸӦƾǡ
ϸã۾ǳԪǿȣԴﵽı˾ű忴͵ǵĿ̶ˡ
ڶΪ췣Ӧ̰ǡ
ÿ찴աԵ䡷ļתȫԪСħ˫ޣԼֻҪʮ굽ʮʱ䣬͵˿ԳԳ췣ľˡ
ʮ뽫λ㹻Ƴ̰
򻨷Ѵ۴̰ĲϣȴʧܣǾˡ
ʮʱ俴ԣʵʹȴҲʱȣ̫Ҫˡ
ֹȥʱ䣬ϵĳĳĴϣѪš
ˮƽҲȲ
ڼ䣬Ŀ˵ĳҩķ
ԭͱһǿܶ࣬ټ⣬ķҪһ˿̫ˡ
ȻֱӼ̳ҩʦʦļ䣬ҩϣҲһ˳
һգһ¯ҩһ룬ź¡һ죬¯ըˡ
Ӧ죬ը˰ӣĲõҲһƬǽ塣
ŵһڳڳϺܿõϢ鿴һ¡
壬ȷûʲô֮󣬱˵˼ȰοĻŵ˼ҪЩûõ飬ϰ
ڳϿЩǲҵ˷ԴΪе£ȡʲôɼ
츳Ҫ̫ˣһֻл߲ʦΪʦ̫̫ѡ
˵ģǳ˵Ρ
ЩҲû취ܲǿϾԴţҲֱ뿪
ҪסģҪ˸ɡ
ųϴ򷢵ͽ׵ʰˡ֮ŵŮסɨӣʰ䡣
⼸ŮӣʮͣΪŸոڣǶǸոռŲãڴӷѡγġ
ƽʱţǵĵλܵͣ˵ŵӣʵѾ֮Ҳࡣ
һŮӣһˮģǳˡ
ȴ֪ЩŮȻ࣬ʵǵļ˶ԼܽϰŮԺУʮ㣬׽壬ЩŮļҳҲҪü֡
Ŵ
Ȼ֮·ޱȣЩŮӵļڹޱȣ˭ԤŮĽأҲǱ°¯ҲгɾͺȴؾҲɱԽ
뵽ȴ̾һ뵱̤֮꣬·ʱҲ˼ѡ
ŮʰӣͻȻһ֣ǽ˹
Ůһ£ĺĵӣΪִﵽ񺣺ڣǶԣǸ߲ʵ˴˵ĵλ֮ݡ
ΪĮƽʱŵôˣЩò츳ڵʦǣҲҪԱŸ
ʱȴֽǣʱܳ
ΨΨŵŵĹЩţȡһЩƿƿ޹ޣЩƿƿ޹װĶ⼸Ƶĵҩ
ϰ̫ĵҩķЩԼûκμֵȥֵã㡣
Ȼֿϧʶͻ룬Щˡ
ҲǸŵĸ
ϾЩҲ㲻ȷûųÿ¶һЩҩԪĵԴЩԴԿƶݵ˵Ǽֵˡ
ЩԴŵӵĸСħΪ츳ãյĸһЩȻȴ֪ԼվҪ뿪ָԼͻΪ֧ԸȻҪˡ
㽫ԼòϣֵҲĵҩķȫ͸ŵӡ
ţԭһСţҲó̫ණʲôɻߺ䶯˵䲻ŵĻƷţһƾͿΪƽˡ
Щ͸ǵġЩƿƿ޹޷һУݸڵŵӣȴûӦǻ֪֮лʲô
ʱֵȥǵĽǶɣʶеǣҲһ


1595 
ŮӴĽӹУеķ϶֮УɢһŨҩ
ҩ㣬ֻһţоȫ֮ƺԪתΪ˼֡
ҩ㣬Чֱӷȥ֪ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ŮһۣЩҩʵ̫ˣǴʱĸоķ˳ţȴһӼһԪһ㡣
ŮУŮӣһڿˮ˫ֲĽҩƿ򿪣ű̵ĵҩ̵ƤĹ˳
ЩҩӨ͸ҩ֮ϣƿ·̺ķϢ
ЩƿڵҩϵĵƣЩŮȴǴûǵҩҲѽг
ĵҩ֣һȴϵõġ
ֵҩΪʹõģ̸Ѫ쵤˼ʮ
ֵҩŷŸЩ츳ĵӣ۲ѣȻûлʹõġ
Ƶľ֮ǰľͬǼľûЩĵƣƺΪЩƵĹϵеľЧ
⼸Ů֪Щνơʵӳ֮µ·
˵ֻǼߵĶǷţŵӵõ֮󶼻ο⼸ŮֻŵӣǸǲ˵ˣÿһöҩ棬ƿһķҩЧǿ
Щ꣬ķҪҩ
ֻڵҩõķ˵ò
Щҩ̫ˣǲҪ
Ǹʮ˾꣬Ůҧ˵ʵоܿʵЩҩǳ
΢΢һЦǶŮ˼ֺøУܾĶǺܲ׵ġ
Щ꣬ŵĵͼӱչءΪԴ֣·һԼʮʮʱľҲһ
ЦŰɣи߽׵ô
ʮְݵĵطҲڶŮ츳һ㣬ĵҩȻ˻ۺ졣
ͳĶȻֹЩҩǾͺúŰɡ
СһЩŮһڿˮյƿֶЩ
ʶ˶йɡ
Ůߣ֮ǹȻһЩŵӡ
ЩӶʮʮ䣬Ϊһ㲻죬ǵ֮·Ÿո𲽡
ÿһ춼һ¯ҩһ¯߰˿ţʮţЩĵҩѾһˡ
һŵҩȫӳ֡
ţһʲĲƸˡ
ⷢŵҩ飬ܿŴˡ
ܶŵԭֻҥǿųĵҩǲòˣ̶˶֮͵ĵŰݷãʵΪĵҩ˵Ҳǳջ
ŵӣȴûͣҪȡһЩ
ȡ۸񣬴ֻʵҩֵһ֮һּ۸ǳŻˣҺܶŵҩûط򣬺ܶ൤ҩмС
ԭԵãʵΪ̫ƧЩаݷ߶ġ
һΣŵҩ飬ȴһʱ졣
Щҩ㶼ģԼƵİɣ
ŵĳϺܿͱˣһסѯ
ҲЩƵġʼ磬赭д˵
˺˵ҲǱڴ϶˵
ŵĳ϶֪˵ʲôˣʵƵĵҩǵͽ׵ҩ˵һ񺣺ʦȷʵƳ
ĵͽ׵ҩҲ̫ɫˣܶʦ
ѵЩԼоģʵһţ
ڳ¶ҩԴҲͲ׷ˣڶ죬гһԽ춴ǰţרΪ۲ƵҺҡ
Ż棬Ϊ˺ܶĲϡ
⵹»ЩȻǵͼϣǸֵĻȴǴ´ˡ
ʱţ档
ˮƽԽԽ¯ࡣ
ڲ׷ҩĵҲ׷ٶȡ
һʼһ¯һ¯
ĵͽ׵ҩԴԴϵ
ȻֻǽƵеҩбȽʵһЩóЩҩƷԽԽߡ
ģȵ
ԽԽĵӣҩţŹҩȻʱ򣬼۸ͻᱻߵмˮ׼ˡ
Ȼ۸ߣҩȴԽԽࡣ
ڣҲû˻ǴӡŪĵҩԴԴϵĵҩֻԼƵġ
֪񵽱ˣ
ҩ룬УֽţųĴȥϡ
ҪĲϣƷԽԽߣƳĵҩҲԽԽϡС
ȻЩߣʥ߲ŻõĵҩǲģߵȼߵĹעǲЩˣֻĻͼһ徻Ŀľʹﲻˡ
ģʮʱȥˡ
СħɣԼֳΪڡ
ţСħճһУͨûʲôܶʱСħɻŵĵӣ
ȥؾ̽գȥ񣬵ȵȡ
μĿģȻΪȥѰЩ۵ĻԵΪԼľ
ĿõͽߵսɱµͽߵƺҵһЩѾȴĸܣζܸһЩĴ
ʮ꣬һҹڴ޵ʱڸеĴ֪ԼΪҪͻˡ
ڣڣ
ͻƣһҲͻȻ˵ˮɡָоھƱе˾ƣװ£ȻȻһ
ͻƵḶ́Ҳʮ͡
ͻƣһβǾ춯أ֣綼Ҫըһ㡣
һͻƣȴƽǳ
ֻǴһڶ糿˫ۣٶչΪȵͻƵڡ
еСħɸܵ˷Ϣı仯ΧСﶼûо
ʱ£СħҲͻڣ޾Ԫϵٶȱй֮޲ÿλԵ֮УõĺôһЩôھԪϵΪ¶ҪСħˡ
ͻƺʵٶˮ׼ҲŵƷʦľ磬һƷʦӵǱܱȡ
ʱڴʼ̰ˡ̰飬ѼϾҪܳʱ䣬ò׼ͻڣʵûܹٿһĻô֮Уиİա


1596 
Ǵ㿪ʼ̰ôߣСħɿ⼸ʼšԵ䡷ø֪ʲôʵ
׼ȽϺã̰Ȼ񵤣Ѷȣȴ񵤣õĲ̶ȣҲй֮޲ǣҵˮƽҲƲ
˵ЦһڵΪˮƽȻƳ
񵤣ǹƷߵĵҩ
൱һ񵤣֮֡
Ŀϡ٣൱һ𲢲רְʦǵΪȻߣˮƽδܸרžҩİ벽ʹ
ʶҲһ񵤣ǰ벽𣬺ͶĴƳġ
񵤣Ҫ㹻ˮƽҲҪΪ֧֣ΪĻ֧̣ǻ¶ȣͺѴﵽ
ڵʵȻȲ˶ĴȻǲˡ
ĸƳͨˮƽĶҩӳ֣ӲĽһöͨƷĵҩ񵤵ˮ׼
ҲϰĿڣĹ߳һݾ
ٹʮʱ䣬ҵˮƽӦӳյļҩʦˮ׼ͨĶˮƽˣʱҾͿԿ¯̰ˡ
˼ţĿǰʵͨж㻹ģﵽħ򴨵ˮ׼һЩĵģˮƽͨԳԽ򴨡
ֻ̰ĲϣͷˣϡϣмУԼҪôѼ
ԼҪдһ嵥ϡ
ļ֡Ѳݣߵ֮ǣԶ衭
Щϣвٸйأ
˵Ѳݣѽ೤ݡ
ݴЩϹžغһĵرһֱˮغ꣬ʮ֮󣬴ĵر죬ŽԵʵ
ĵرһǼֵǣҹؼмУΪЩĵر֮ͱǵػ޳ˣôᱻ˲ժ
ߵĵңֻĹžȻǿ󣬵·ҲֻһطУǾǴ
վͲ˵ˣҪСġ
֮֮ǣǰյƷҪй֮޲ֻǲҪôˡ
ֲϣͷۣԼȥɼĻǾԲܲɼģͱѲݣǿĶ
ҪõЩϣֻܿ
ЩдĲƸδҵط򵽣οڵңȴ
⣬Щͷˡ
֮·ʵڴ̫ԽսţʵǽĵرϵģÿһҪķͬ׾Ԫϵ߼ʮϰٱԴ
ʱţ޺ۡ
֪䣬ʮȥˣѾСд˶ʮꡣ
ʮƺζһԼӵͽһļ·
ʮʱ䣬ʵĲ࣬ľȴӹȥʮʱ̲ͣĶթսɱ֮л˹
ѡ̸ĳԭԣһʮСĻԼ򵥵κŵ֮ĶթӰ쵽
ԣŵӵľСϴһ㡣
ʮƽƺһ
Ǹ뿪ʱˡ
ţԣһУһԴõĵطˣʲôȥ룬һľޣСħһ
룬պʱİˣǽ٣ٵģ¶һѪȷ磡
ʱŮһΪٻɵŮҪѧһҩ֪ʶˡ
ٻֻжʮ근䣬ߵʵ̫ᡣ
֮ųģٻɻСʱΪż񣬵ڣѾһͤͤŮ
ٻɵ츳ǳãԶͬߣƺΪһ㣬ϲҩܶʱֽ̣һŵӲͬǺܰ´ŵϾƽʱܶ˭ģƺǳûĵӡ
ٻɴӲᷳʱֻﾲĿּصһЩҩĵá
żǻָ䣬ÿÿʱƺܴŮĿ֮У˼Ľĵζ
ڵѾ࣬Ȼζʲô
ֻٻɴʲôһֱСħɶǳ𾴡
Ϊ£Сħɻ٩ΪٻɵŮСħҲǷǳϲ
֪䣬СħɵľҲ˺ܴı仯һʼһƤС̬ڣѾȳࡣ
ٻаĶԼּ¼ҩĵã֪ΪΣһʱ侹лƺһʱԼ˶ʮĵطһ黳
˵ţʮİһжйĸܡ
׷ݻȥҲֻкͯʱƽ
Σעͣˡ
һգٻɽйĽ̵һ̾ʱֱŽ
ߵʱֽҩĵãһö͸ٻɡ
ٻɴܾãģƺΪλ˵ġ
㼸Ϣʱ䣬תȥ߶䣬˦һͷ˿нĴΡ
̾һһҹСħһ뿪˶ʮĵط
ǵӰϢʧããҹɫ֮УûоκˣŵĻɽ󷨣˶ԣҲͬһͲڡ
ֱȥٻɻط֮̽µöȴˡ
ⱾֻһƷʵһֽĴ֮УǧŵƷҩʹδʹõķ
ЩƷҩ㹻ڣڵʹãҲ൱ļֵ
Щҩǰδó۹ΪճαװˮƽƳ˸ƷʵƷҩ
ٻɾ֮£æȥסȥȻȴѾȥ¥ա
ſտյҺңһʱпģеĵҩԼүүҲš
ǧƷҩҲǴ𺳡
ǻôٻɷ·ʶʲôʵ
̾һЦǲˡţٻˡ

һºĳǡ
һ齢ͣ£һһŮߣ齢зɳ
ʱʮֻ꣬صĳǡ
Ѿʮǰͬն
̰ƣҪĳǿʼˡ


1597 ۲
ĳǵʱ򣬷ͬˣſڵʮֹ
ԭĳǵֻмˣΪӡ
ڣȴһ֧С͵߲ӣͷСӳȻʥˡ
ÿһǵˣҪܵϸ̲飬ʥӳʼһöˮˮķ·
Щ·ȻһۿˮãǾǵǷ񾭹Ϊαװݡ
֡
°ͣĳôͻȻ䱸ôɭˣ
ѵʲôҪĳǶ֣Сħһ˵
ҡҡͷӦòᣬĳƺֻǸ֯ӴƼ˴ʦӦûʲô֯ĳǹȥǣܶ֯Ҫĳء
ѹеɻСħһߵſڣ̱
˵һЩϵսףЩ˴ĳǵʽսףЩǡ
ƺ֧顣
ʦʦҵĻ¡
óһƷʦĻһСħɡ
ߵĳУĳڲû̫ı仯ֵɷ١
һ·ʦᣬһԼʦ£˽ȥ
·ʱ򣬿ʦҩʦڽףһ۾ͿѦͷ
ʱѦͷһҡϣǰһӰ˵ƷѦͷ̬ƺǿ˯ˡ
ʱʮ꣬ѦͷһҲû䡣
Сħ߹ʱѦͷͻȻ۾ɵùԲСӣԭ㣡
Ѧͷ۾Ź⣬·𿴵һƵ´˺þãһֱЩë
ɿһ˵Ѧϣþò
СħҲĽѦϺá
СħɵʺѦͷЦݣϲŮһֱӡ󲻴תѦͷ΢΢
ʮ˰ɣ㵹ǻ֪ԼʦʦѽһΪСʱСأ˵ΪͻˣҼǵ뿪ǻֻڡ
ѦͷĻ˸ۣѦͷǿ
ͻƣ˵Ѧϣĳǣ˺ܶô£
٣¡ѦͷƲƲ죬һΪӣ·Ѿϰ
˵Ǵ̣ʵҲûϵ·һǼʥأʥսʥأԭΪʲôɣʦᣬǵǼʥصĺԮţΪҪ̣Իǹܶ൤ҩķԴԴϵ˵ǰȥڳſЩǼʥģǺʥļϸƻڼ䣬еʥߣ۸սʥûйϵĳǡ
һʦᾭһЩкΪṩĵҩķ֧֣ȻЩӦ֧ʦı꣬Ԫģϡϣ򣬵ȵȡ
ʦһԴĳǵĵ̡룬õĶֵ
ԭ˼ֻǲߣʥߣ˵ͷԼ򵥣֫ҲЩˣǵȷʵĿǸͲʺҩЩڶְҵ
ټϻʥĹϵԭͲãĳôûʲôʥ߽
ʦſڷõˮ򣬾Ϊ˷ֹʥݺ
а⣬һ֪ʦ۵ĲƸѾˡ
˵СӣôͻȻˣǲʲô£ѦͷɵĿһۣоС²
Ѧͷε°ͣ˵ȷʵ£һĳǣһЩϣ
ֱ˵ԼĿġ
ǣ㻹ѧˡѦͷȵĿһۣ˽⣬Ȼ˵Ƕˮƽˡ
Сӣõǵʱ֪ˣĹ׻ֻأ
ʦᣬῼÿʦԹĹ׶ȣɻ֣һ߾Ƕʮ꣬Ȼûʲô׶ˡ
εĿһЦ֮ǰе£ˣӦûʦһӣ˵ЩϡҪ򣬲֪е
˵䣬Ѧͷһۣм˵ڸЦأʦĲϲֿȫģʲô򲻵𡣡
Ѧͷ˵¶԰֮ɫ
ǻϹĿЩŪ
Цţֽóһ嵥嵥֮ϣ̰Ĳϣһʮ֡
ѦͷģĽӹɨһ嵥ϵĲϣʱɵˡ
嵥ǰ漸ֲϣֻ󣬵ֻҪƸ㹻򵽣ǺĲϣһֱһֲֿ
м֣ѦͷԼûֻˣ
Ѳݣߵ֮ǣԶ衭ѦͷˣЩϣʦᶼȫ
Ȼ˵ʦĲֿǳ㣬нͻгϡĲϣתɵҩķĻҲǰ״ʶܶϡϽֿⲻú󣬾ͻᱻ˻ȥʹˡ
ϡϣмеֻһ㲻ڲֿ̫á
ڵЩϣʦĲֿҪȨ޲ܶãҲƷʦȨޣ
Ҽ۸񣬱Ȼզ࣡
ǲأѦͷ嵥ϣӵۣоڶЩһСôõϣ
õЩϣҲֻᱩ
ôǲأȻáСħһ԰ǻ
ѦͷСħһۣŽɣֿЩϣѵʦҪã
Ѧͷͷ˳ˮۣ˵ǰɣʦô
Ѧͷһۣ˹˵һϡȫУǼģʦҲֻ֣Ҽ۸ľˣҪʵԪģҪģҪȨ޺͹׻֣ҹƣһֲϣôҲø߰ڻְɣպʦŵĻÿ»нˮƷʦˮƽǧ˰꣬ǿƬѲݵҶˡ
Ѧͷ˵֮ɫƷʦнٺ׼һĹ̶ֻжʮ֣һǧڻ֣һֲ϶
ȻպɸߵȼʦĻнٺǾˡ
ЦһѦϣǶĳء
Ѧͷһ̯˵ʵЩ˵ˣҶ𣬲ʦʦĻҲڶʱڣŪһЩ
ѦͷɹĨǵѯԼġʦε˵ʦǲʦˣЩϣֻԼ򡭡
ˡѦͷһùı飬ԹԵԼϣʼĿˡ


1598 
ôѽ߰ڵĻֲһֲϣô𣿡
ȻСħɿѦͷֲмֱ̬Ʋ죬ҲòϣѦͷ˵ʵ
ЩϵĹ׻ʵۣ˹׻֣Ҫء
ǵľҲˡ
ɣҲʲô׬㡭
΢΢֪ʦ׬ȡֵҪô֡
һٺһƷʦٺԺԣʵ̫΢ˡ
ڶǽףҲòʲôܹʻֵĶŻƵķ͵ҩ˲ٸƷʵĴЩȫóȥҲʲôü۸ʦˣ۹̫ߡ
ʦᾭ֮Ҳй׻ֵĽ
֣Լѹ׾ѧоɹ׸ʦᣬôҲòƵĽ
ڼﵹмб˲ļɣɱʦµģЩҲʲô챾죬㹱׳ȥܼƼʮڵĻֶԣҲǱˮн
˵ʲô켼ɣҪ顷һ򣬵Ҳ˵ûɡ顷ܰеĵҲԲй¶йء顷İݣִУ̫ۺ졣
ų˵һڶֻֻΨһܹѡľֻеˣҲͨ׬ȡ׻֣
ѦϣҴ׬֡
񣿡Ѧϲ̧ͷŹֵĿ˵㿿ķʽ׬㹻ĻֶһЩϡ
ͷԿɣİ취
üһѦ񿴷һĿ㻹û˯Ѱɣ֪ƷܽӵжٱôҲ֪ʮֵĳʲôˣҴܲµֹ̥϶ҾȼֵģʮȡõĳɾףҲָķʽõô֣Щȫ룬ҹҪʮڻ֣׬ʮڻ֣ҲҪۻ֪¡
Ѧ˵뵽ˣȻҩнݾƷĻҲƷʦѣϾɱʦƷҪԽǣҪһʱ䡣
ʮ޳Ʒʦ˵ȥҪһص°ͣû˻ţĸƷʦüǧ꣬ʱѻġ
ǼƷʦ̰˵ԶԶ
ЩϾͷۣϣܹŪгǼֲϵˣ𼶵ŪһҪ˽ǣ
Ϊ˲֪ٴ۲޳ɵǣֻ˲СŪˡԵ䡷ĵƪһ·ʱ
ѦϣרʦᲢϤʵ
Ѧͷֱۣ֮СרĶ֪ɼʦĴ
Ѧ䣬ֻǸЦһҲ졣
˰ˣҿСǷˣˣҴȥɣ㿴ıˮ׼ġ
Ѧͷһ̯Ҳûȥ̯ˣ˵ΪѾپʱĥģֻ̯Ѧͷһеʽڸͼ©ĳɾ͸УʵжҪ̯룬νʤˡ
ѦͷһɫĻȣʦ
һС㳡һ㣬ռؼΪе˲࣬٣һʦҩʦĳۣݵˡ
ڴ룬һ޴̣֮ϣ֡
һþǽϢͶӰЩͶӰݣһ
֮⣬ڴͷĳϣһľᣬЩᣬҲ񣬲ͶӰѶȵһЩ
ǽĵطˣܽӵŶˣЩ򼸰٣ǧ֣ҪһǧֵģƷʦܽӵģѶȼҶɡ
ѦͷһԴ̯λңһԻ˵ԺҲľɵķҴ㣬ҪҪЩϣûиǱˣܹ߽ʦ
ɨһݣȻѦͷ˵ЩǧֵģҪˮ׼ʦҩʦɣʵ
ѦͷȻ͹ˮƽĽûĬĬļһ£Ʒʦܹµ߱ҲǼʮ֡
ҷǱۼʮֵģѶȲС񣬲ɵģЩҪһ¡
һ¶ʮ֣ҪյʮڻҪһǧꡣ
⻹ǲϽ£ʵϣû˻᲻ϵĽʦҪѧϰչصȵȣⳡսҲܴһǧ֮á
һȽԼҪЩϵ̶ȣ˸ȵʶƷʦŪҪõǣҪƷʦķѴľʹ۲У
Сħ֪ˮƽһĵ˵ô죿ٹʮҪȥμҪ׬ָˡ
֪ȿɡ
ʱҲûʲôð취
Ѧͷ̯̯˵˰ɣķʽ׬ЩϡϸǰˣҪǻģȥ񷢲﷭һûкԼ񡣡
Ѧͷ˵ָָľͷ
һɫĳ̨̨棬վˣһĻ𱬵ŮעĿ
ŮɫۣۺĹճŮӷߣǰļһֱز£¶һѩ׵ĹȺСŮ壬۵ȹڣҲ浽ȸŮӵĶԸбֱĴ֣˼


1599 Ʒ
̨ĺŮӣһ£ߵ磬ÿطŲͬڵƫڱصģ·ܶطŮӵŷǳ󵨿š
ǰŮӣ㣬òϣ൱ζ׼Ե
ŮˣǸ
˵ĿⲢδŮͣ
ѦͷٺһЦΪϲͱһŮ˼ƷɣǼʥصˣֽţҪСŮˣ򵥵ģ
Ѧͷźӣζ˵֪ıŴ󵨵Ůӣ˵൱һ͸˵ˮң˺ҧһڡ
Ѧ㣬Сħɲˬĺһšһĸ첲
Ůʱ֣һЩ洿ľ֣˲⣬ŵʱСħͿǸֻ֮һŮٻĽֻҪոС̫ˣǼˣСħɶٻʮƣԼһ㡣
ţСħȴô˳ˡ
Сħɲ죬Ѧͷæ˼ʾ࣬˾˵ʦᣬǼʥصˣҪǽĻͨΪǼʥڿսԺܶ񿪳Ļּ۸񶼺ܸߡ
ˡ
ѦͷķӦкЦȥʱŵǰվʦ
ЩʦһĶԣˣˣʦڸŮ̸ţǼ˵ĿУһ˿ԼԼĳȡ
һʦеῡܣ۹ⶼǳߣǴӲȱŮˣ֪ŮˣͶͱ
ǰȴɷʦļӣƺҪݵʯȹˡ
ҲʾŲһÿĻƿӵ൱ʵֶΡ
֣Ŷʦ̬ȵ𣬶ĸĽŵʦֻòԵĻش𼸾䣬ôԸǵӡ
ֻʦŲŻ˵䣬ҲЦø飬ʦǶƷʦƷʦҲԶˡ
ŮˣǰʦۣʦɵҲȷʵޡа롣
СħһƲ˵ǼʥأѲרҸֵŮʦɫ񣿡
΢΢һЦˣ⻹пܡΪŵĹϵרĽ׻Ƶ
ʦУʱĸʦĲ죬ǿĿ⣬ôơ
ɨһۼǰʦ£ĸ˶ǶƷƷʦǰĻҲƷʦλࡣ
ʲô˲˵ǲϵ
ʮǰμʦˣ꼻һֺ뿪ʦᣬϡѦϣԼʦ˵ļ֮⣬ûϵ
ʦ˵һ룬ȴƳѦͷһǸϽ϶ĵ⣬һǫЦݣʺѦϺá
ˣҲǶѦͷִ񣬡ѦϣҲ񡣡
ȻƷʦǾѦͷƷʦвСĲ࣬ⱾϾ۷ʥͽĲ࣡
һ֪ж޷ͻƣҪ֪һͨҲӵ˵츳ģ
ѦͷһЦ̹ȻЩ󱲵
ڹ̨ţѦ֮Цͬӳĵһ㣬˵Ѧϣ⼸ǻ˺ö޷أϿɵðҡ
ŵֵŮӶУܾǶ˵ȴ൱ɱ
ѦͷöǺһһģƺ൱ܡ
ɫСħиһ䣬ȴݸһЦ
˵˵ξ˳Ӽ񣬲ҪǸСӡ
Ѧͷ˵ţָָǶʮǰʦģȱ׻֣Ҫòˡ
ѦͷţȴۼƳһʦ£ֻƷʱôˡ
ʦôԸӴǼȻѦϽܵģҲ֮
С꣬ŵ񡣡
˵ߣһɵСŮԱᣬ
һЩᣬƷµ񣬱겻ٶѣмʮģʵٵÿ
еȼһЩô
ʵһ΢΢һ£ΪƷʦӸߵȵ
Ѧ˿⣬̥ͲԳ͡һЦǺǵ˵ȻСãøߵȼɣҲء
ȻﲻΪȻǼȻѦô˵Ȼֻհ죬С꣬ƷƷ
СȥһᣬƷƷġ
ķţÿúϸ᲻׬ȡֵĿܡ
װư
Ǽʦ̣ȻΪѦͷڳҲֻԪ˵
ֶΡǵӴˣǻͣڸСڨ׽ĵز˾СǰװעˣԺҲѧѧ
Ҵȥ겻Ҳûʧ
ʦ˵䣬˼ᡣ
⼸ᣬƷģȴƷѶһƷıҲࡣ
ϸЩᣬѶԽ󣬺ʱԽҲԽߡ
ΪһƷʦƷȻɣһͶʱ;ֱȶƷԼ۱ȲõͶ١
ƷƾļɺͶ⣬ԴĿɡ
һᣬһſ
һѶȣڳʦˡ
СӣƤģ
װҲǿƤģƤ˸װǻλãȻûѶôװơ
ЩƷʦδɣ
װ̫ˣɵƲɣСֲǰ׳գôȥ
ԣװ̫ʵ䷴
ʦ˵ţȻü΢ΪѦϴģ˴ˡ
ˣУˣг
ЩѡǴԼɣ
ΪʦĻֱֱӴ˵ʦ֮Уһʦûдӵġ
ûش𣬶ǵҼȻˣȻЩɵİյġ
Ǻǡ
һЦоպöʦЩˣóǲ񾭲
С꣬Ǽǡ䵭˵ѦϵϣӣʵѾΪɵһ࣬Լĺ


1600 ʮڻ
СдԼ֣ͻȻʲôŵǷûвϲô
Ǽʥط񣬶ʦҩʦǵҪķƸֵҩɺǼʥؽʦᣬʦЩĶ٣ɹ׻֧ʦ
˼ֽ֮⣬ǼʥأҪһЩǮ
ǼʥظĲϲոչҪķ͵ҩͱ׼ʦҩʦʧܣɵʧֻԼеˡ
ҪϣЦȻźˣã˵ҪܰˣȻǮڱǸֻԼ渶Ǯˣ
Ŷвپ񣬵渶ϵû⣬ŵķӦʲôģ⣬׬֣̰ģֲ׷Ů˵ġ
ᣬʵǶ٣
㣡䵭˵
ԭЩ޶ʱڣԽɽԽߣǰս˵ʱ
Ƕûʲôϣڻشˡ
˽⡣
žҪߣѦͷ°ͣڵСӣƷķ
ѦҲԽܣʦҪʱĻۣţҲһ͡
뿪ʦǻƷʦڲŶ꣬ôܳΪƷʦ
ûȥ԰ɣӦЩյġĻشЩûаѻ˵
ѦϵЩ񣬵õĹ׻ֶʮڵĿ˵ҲǱˮнôȥɸǧȥЩˣ⻹Ǳ֤δγɹԼǮ£ʵϣƷʦҲ˵Լδγɹ͸ˡ
ӵЩ񣬹׻ߵĲŰĶ
㶼ˣҲʮ֣ռʮڵ֮һ
ЩСһҪʮķһʦҪµʱ䡣
ٶȣǧ׬ʮڻֶˡ
Щϣǹס
ҲеΣ嵥ϵĶֵؾеõǣǿǴĶ
뿪֮ᡣ
һᣬʮƷķ˳Ļʮ¯Ϳϡ
ڶᣬƶʮ
ᣬƶʮŻ
ᣬƶʮǧܷ
ᣬƶʮŰ׹ս׷
еķɱС߷ķ䣬˴򶷵ʱʽϣԪľʱӳһŹ߷ķܸıս֣
һЩķʹԽս統ڼʱ򣬻ʺҶʱӳһƷĶ
ʱҶϵΪֻǰ벽óȴشͨˡ
ͨһǹ飬һܻԵС˵˵Ҷˡ
ڽµĻƵĹԷģǧܷͰ׹սףǷԷġ
룬ս޵ʱһƴʱȴóһŷԵķס˶ԷĹսĽͿ֪ˡ
սʵıƴͬģҲװıƴ
һȫװǶǸķֵҩҪǮƵģһȴõͨսͿ֪ˡ
ΪˣǼʥزŻỨѴ۸ʦ
ʮڻ֡Ħźʵᣬ˳˼
Ҫ׬ʮڻֻ֣ǰͰЩܡ
˼˺ܾãմУ˻
ȴ֡
ȥĶʮҪͶҩϣΪҩ˵
ˣķԭͨģڵʵƻ⡣
ǴڻĹķܶʦܻƣ֮ǰɱ
ԺУлƷħڻĻϣһЩļ⣬ķƳĻǿһ㡣

Сħɣֹ㹻ĲϣһʦĺԺרҵķ
Ҫһķң
ԸӴ˵ķС˵
ŵʱԼԼķӸ˼򵥵ҺңԱרҵңȻԶˡ
һߵȼңۼΪ߰ҪޣᰴƷѣ޷úܸߡ
áС΢΢һЦ˵ķҴһƷƷ۸񲻵ȣҪһأ
ߵȼİɡдһȻӲʩˡ
õġС˵䣬˼۸嵥һЩƷƷңҪԪģҪҪ׻֣ƷʦһµĻҪһǧ׻֡
ƷҸţȻһҪһ׻֡
ڹ׻ֻ㣬ֻⲻҪ׻ֵƷˡ
֧СԼС
Уиͺŵıʣ̨иִϵĸ
֮⣬ұͲһ޴󷨣󷨵þҵۣɵķƳɹʡ
ˣ꣡
˵䣬СĿһۣĻ£ҲǸƷʦȻһƷҰ֮ãʵЩ˷ѣǮĵͽʦҲ٣ֲˡ
õġ
С㹪˳ȥУֻһˣһΣСħɶûһȫĵͶ뵽ķĻȥ
Ҫ֮ڣ̰ҪĲϣ꣬Ƴ̰ͻƵǵĵڶ
׬ʮڻ֣Ʒʦҿڣñ֪㣬Ϊˡ
ȴ
ûôʱĥ䣬·ֻٴʮˡ
ʮ꣬ҪƵҩڶ̻μտ顣
ʱ䣬ǳȣ
Ź⻬̨һ۾ƵĹâ
ʮʱʼӴڽʮȥˣʼһĸ飬Ҫ׬ȡЩ۲ϣоһ˿˷ܣ
Ժлһ߻·óֲ߰ϣЩֱӶ̨֮УЩ󷨣ԶΪˡ
ԲϵĴ̶Ⱥͻ򣬶ͨ󷨵ĵƿأҲҵһܣΪʦʡ֤иľͶ뵽Ļȥ


1601 
ɰ˰ٶϸСĽṹܶɣÿһϸСģžĽṹ
ҪҪоտ裬Ҫʦͨϵ
ʱ򣬻ᱬܹɽĻ棬ҪʦĻ淨ﵽӽ⾳ĳ̶ȡ
ҲѡԭȱƣΪĻϵѾ⾳ȻСħɣǱ޻ϵͨҲй֮޲ˣ
ԭͼ̳򴨵ļ䣬ټڣֶлϵű޷󼰵⡣ʶǵһλƻƳҲ⣬ھʧ֮ܿһƷ
ֻаƴСķһůڵϢ
ѾɹˣҸ׼ȫܹ꣬ʮųͿֱȥˡ
ûô졣
㽻񣬵õ׻֣˵Ҳûκ壬ʵ̫̫٣㡣
Ż߳ķҡ
λӣʲôܰأ
֮ǰ޵ķŮһ¶һ΢Цҷ񣬳׿ȺʦŮܻкøС
Ҫһķ󷨡
ԵġŮ΢Ц˵ҵʦʹǵĲ󷨡
Ů쵽һ֮Уһܱյȿռ䣬ǽڡ涼رӳֵģټϿռ֮ĽķҲԽ
Ůָָռһ̨󷨲Եˡ
Ż̤УʱŮ֪˳ȥʦĴиԱܣóȻǵʵ鲢ò
Ů˳󷨡
󷨱һ󣬵󷨵ʱΧʮͷ͵ĻĹžޡ
ʮͷĹžȻģģһ֣ͶƺҪɡ
ЩޣŲæķеĻ
Ԫע֮Уһʱ䣬ٸϸСһͬԵӻбֻ¡һ죬ʮͷĹžޱըĻϯдľֱӱճɷɻҡ
ͷըˣмͷȴֻˣһͷûʲôӦ

ʧеĻĹž޶ˡ
̨
Ϲâһķ
ʥһǡ
̳ʦļ䣬Ȼ֪壬νʥ˺ܹشɱʥߡ
ʥ˺ϸΪǵȣʥһǵȡ
ֻʥһ𡭡е
ҡҡͷ˺⣬Ʒϵ⣬ԼƷʦʵټ϶⣬ģȻֻشʥԴ˸еǳ
ʱ뷨ʦĻƻһѪ³
ƷʦӦƷʦӦʥƷʦӦ
ƷķҲشڣ˲ش벽ʥ
ƷȴܹﵽʥһǼѾǳ˲Ҫһ㣬ǵһλƻ
⻹ò˻ˣ
ŸղѤõıը棬ӸղķıըУϸ۲˻̺ĿֲӰ֮±̡
˲ȫĵط
귢ʦֻƾ辭ĻںḶ́©
Щ©޲õĻᷢһ޴ɱ䣬ɱʲôԼԹ⡣
һжҪ©޲жϡ
ĳ˼̤Լ䣬ſڷСʺҲûƺѾȫԼ֮С
صң㿪ʼݵĹ̡
ĿڤԺĬһ顶顷
顷Ϊйǿһ֣Ʒ񶥼⣬ܳԽľ磬׹ֻǲȱģȴҲŲ˼
ȷе˵ù顷Ѿ׼ȷˡ
顷Ӧ˵һַ·˶ģʮ취֮⣬Ҳʮ취еĵʮ
ֹǧ򻯣Ҫ޸̸ף
óʮö֮ϣݼ㡣
Ĺƣڷֹֽ֮У̺ӵµ仯ЩҪø֪ģ⣬֪ҪԿϡ
ʹ˳֮УһϸСһһգ޸ķΪĵط
ʱʱģҪòϸСģʵԼ޸Ч
£޸ĵĵطµĴ֣ʱϸСΪȶ˲٣
㣬ʵڹ̫ˣ
ڶ⣬ʦ˵֮
ǶԱģֻǱɽһǣԶԶ
Ҳʹã޸ĻĹУ׽⣬ķͲá

ѤõĻǰ֮ǰƵʮϸСһըζղŵ޸ģд֡
Ѿ֪˶ٴΣԼļĽʵ֤ʵǴģһжҪ־ɥУܶ˶ܲ˵ġ
ȻȴӵԶ˵ĺִ
¿ʼһһݣֱΪֹ
ûûҹݣѾﵽٹȵľ磬ҲԣˮҲȣֻȫľʱŻͣתľָʮʱת۶š


1602 ŵ
ǿȹ֮е͸оʱţֱϰԵøֽ֪֮̽УҪóֲ֤һԼ¹Ƿʱȴһ̽˸ա
΢΢һʶ֮ǰĲˡ
ԭ㹻ʮŻĲϣΪЩʵ飬һʧܾҪһϣĵ÷ǳ죬̶ʮ죬ĲϺ˸ɾ
֪ˡ
ҡҡͷ߳ҡ
ʮûûҹļ㣬Ϊ͸֧˫Ŀ֮вѪ˿ͷҲʮңȫޱ߷ӡ
⸱ģ֣ǱעԼʦ˵Ƿǳݵ顣
һ·ϣʦòͿһĿ⿴ȻͲ⣬ֱߵʱרóöڳϣ˵Ĳϣһٷݣ
ʱרΪ˷ʦŴģĲϣǼʥغʦṩ
ڲϼ۸񣬻ϵмۣҲǼʥΪ˹ʦȡֶΡ
ǼʥȻǶʵǴսҲǳֲǵĲϲֿⲢԣ
ڣһԹһٷݲϣгĸ˵ȻԸˣЩ϶Ҫõϵģ˷ˣȥˣôУ
ҪôĲʲô
ϸǼʥأһĺݵˡ
˳һЩоƽĻش
о΢΢üǸǵĲϣǸоģ֧Ԯǰߵģһݲϣú˿ܾͻһߵûֵ֧Ļˡǲṩϡ
µֻҪƶʮžˣȴѾһٶʮݡĸԸ
΢΢üȥĵطϵĻ۸󵹲ʲôؼҪȫһٷݲҪܺܶطӶͼȲҪʵ飬һϵĻܻжУʧʹˡ
ҲҪۿۼ۸Ұм򡣡
òڵĲмۣΪսȱѾϸһأһһ⣬ҪΪʲ϶֧ٷ֮ʮԪġ
΢΢˵ʾһ¡
óһ±ţŲгļ۸ǣԼԽԽȱĲϹӦм۳۲ϣǼʥҲȻԸġ
Ժ˵ı棬ŷӦ䵭ƺأС£ĵȤ
˵ȥɣѦʶˣܸЩʶɣȻûҲպЩܳΪһɫʦ
ȻϽȱһܹĵĲϱϾޣҲùЩëƤ¡
ȵŵĻظ֮󣬺ŷԸ½Ͼ챸롣
˵һŲϾͻصԼС
뿪ָ˱档
Ȼȴû˼С£죬ոյǼʥȨǼ칬Ǽ칬ĸҲǼʥصĶ֣
һǼ´оɵҪڰʱڣƳƷķһƷķ˵ǰߣ
ķϾ۰Ʒһ߿ڼµսУķ
⻹Ǽʥصܽʡͽʡǰ£ĵ֡
ʵϣܶʱеսʿΪķѷԭӮսж
ÿÿ뵽ЩŶе·ѹһʯͷִĸо
ɽʧܣܵĳͷ
ƷķһƷķȴֻҰʱ䣬Ҹôɣ
ϣг࣬Դսһϵĵ̫ˡ
֮ǰҪʦĻʲôģ᰸ȴǼ칬ˣɺܼ򵥣Ϊÿһʻ֣Ǽʥ֧Եȵı꣬ʦỻġ
ǼʥΪʮ֮ãȷʵǼҴҵ󣬵սĶ֣Ǽʥغָ֧ˡ
ûиĻֽЩ񣬸ϼѡ
ȻıԹȴûκôǼ칬Ļ˵߻ֽҪʲô
仰ŸоôƵѲҪô
Ȩ˵˵ʲôҲãҲãԱս˵ء

ʱУȻ֪ŵ֪Ҳ⣬Ѿȫڻĸ֮С
ǿȵĹʳԼݣεʵʧܣȫѻǰ̨ϣֱܶӱĸ֪ˡ
Ҫ֪Щǳ󣬿ȴԸ֪ɼЩļˡ
֪ҹ֮Уоʱţ֪䣬ʮȥˡ
ϣƣ֮ɫ˫ĿѪ˿ǰɢ߰ĲϲһЩƵüΪҵķЩķȫǷƷ
ܹ˽µʱ䣬Իи죬ʧΡ
ʧˣȻûܳɹ
оһûˣʧܵĴټ㣬Ҳеƣͷꡣ
ڣһ⿨סˣ㿨ʮ죬ƳĻ޷ת
ʱһٷݲϣõòˣҪȥϣһֶû׬֣ȴȥ˺ܶңЦѡ
ʮڻ֣ô׬ģ˲ӵеҲ
ƿҵĴţʱӭСħɡ
Сħɵһ
ȻҪԶˣҲҪ䣬СħɶһʮҩҳɵģʦȦǳƳһȥ֮󣬿Լӿָ֮Ч
ȻӦģ۸߰Ҳʮַ
ΪһлСħɿʳӸеۣѦͷѧգѾǵˡ
ʱ򿴵Сħɣӿһů⣬ʧܴĴܸУҲࡣɶ˵רͺˣ÷˼Ұûʲôµġ
ӣؤˡ
СħɷѣЩֵ˵ȻҲֻ˵˵֪ԼȰҲûʲôã͸֧˵Ҳδǻ£ġľ͸֧֮ٻָ˷Ȳ
СħƿѵĸӣһСħΨĲһ˫֣ĳ֪˳˼֮С
СħɿԼЩ˼˵ʲôʱȴȻһȭϲˣ
ʲʲôˣСħɴһ£ЩԺ
뵽ˣ뵽ôˣ
Եʮ˷ܣСħȴһ죬һ˵㻹ǡħˡ


1603 ٻ
óֽʣһЩϣŸղŵһЩݺͷ۾ԽԽĻ޷ĹƣʵĹȱݣĻ淨Ѿļˣ
Сħɵ֮ټԼֻ֮ںΪһֻΣ
еԼץסؼһ㣬Իĸ죬ʼվڷĽṹĽϣȴ˻Ĺ̬֮ױ
СħڵĻ棬Ǻڷ˵֮ףǻԡ
Լ֮ͬҲǻԡ
ܽϵĻôˣ
ֻ棬ܸõ
ɶ֮ңһ߽һЩʣĲӽ֮Уһ߶Сħ˵
СħҲóĸµ˹ؼʱ̣ȻʱΪղŵθˣСƢָᵯһźɫĻð˳
Ż·ԣڿб仯̬һֻĺڷˡ
Ҳ֣а֮֮ͷųСħɵĻ棬֮ӱ꣬·Ҫմһ㡣
ֻ棬һ
ԭֻ涼ǻʵģһ׷ըڹȥĶʮСħɺϦദ緲˷һǱ˴֮ͨټϳõ˫ޣ˵֮佻ΣѾˮ齻ڡ
Сħͷųֻ棬Ľһ
ųڶɫʱڿоȼգƺоκȶȣûСħԣҲû֮ıϢ
֪ɰĻȴΪ£ܲȶȣΪе۵˼£
һػ棬ʮָɣϵĽֲ϶֮Уٵȡȡĥɻķ֭Һ
ıǣЩ֭ҺʼٵĻơ
ʱľѾĺܶ࣬ΪĿܣ֧ķĻơ
ʱţϵлСħۻҵķ
һʱʱ䣬һʣ
һɲǣķŷĿĹʣѤ֮
ȡһŷֽеӡγһķһںѾ飬ġ
ȫԪա顷תķ۶ע֮Уһʱ䣬ˣ
ԼĻпǧΪһ糤ķֽ֪ע˶Ѫ˳Ʒ
һųƷкܶȱݣΪڵľ״̬ãټһЩϸڻûݵλȻطԸĽ
⣬Լʮʱ䣬ͿԽ»ˣ
Ҫڻϵϴﵽ⾳ͬʱں֮֮𣬾ͽٷɡ
ԼƷȡһ֣ٻˮƽˮƽļˡ
а⣬պԼ̰飬ֵǵĵҩҲҪҩ϶¹򣬽ҩһҩЧЧﵽ¡Ҳ㲻׷Լĸϡ
ɹˣһСħЦʵ
š˵ͷƷʮٷȥϡ
ҪʮٷٷѶȲСҪʧʣԼҪ׼ʮݲϡ
ǣֵ۴һΣ۸ٶɡ˼۸Ѿļ۸񷭳һˡ
Ҳƽϣ֧˾֮󣬽õ֡
صķУûֱӹǾʮʱͨϢľ״̬ѡ
ʼ˷Ļƹ̣һ˰ʱ䣬ܼƶʮһķ
һţԼ׶ѡ
ˣ
СħɿһƷķ¶ϲʵ
ˣ
ʮķÿһ½һ֡֡
µļǺţּǺʦø֪µģΪÿ˵ĸ֪һԸα졣
ʦ˵µļǺžͳһƷƣֻҪǵļǺӡȥһԭֵһķ۸
ķ½ǵĶʮ֣֡ǳ⣬ҪһԼƷơ
ʮʱ䣬ٷϣһǳҪĸĶĶٷС˺ܶ࣬ȴҲٷһ˼Ч
Чʦ֪Ҫ䶯ĳˡ
Ҫ׬ʮڻ֣ȻҪķȡʤܿĶѻ
һʣµĶʮķר
ʱֵҹټרģһʮ˵ӡ
һۿרͷš
ҹţһɫ˿ȹ˯ȹ࣬ɵ˿ɴڲסŰ˵ġ
˯ϣ΢أĽëĲţƺһŨŨľ⡣
ߣһӱɵСϰһɫѾơ
ŮˣĶַ顣
ע⵽û
ֱߵרĳǰʮٷϣŲŻ۾
񡣡
ڳ˵
ɨһǶʮٷȻŵУӦñǡ
ҲһЩ裬һ۾ͿĻ⣬ǳƷ
㾹ȻˡŲĿһۣߵѾƱһڣȴʲô鲨£ķһʮݲϣ˶ʮŻ
ŵ˵ġ
һƷʦƶʮŻʮݲϣʮɡ
ĵʱ䣬ǲϣһʦİ˾űʵЩס
ҼˣҲЩķԼһ˶ɵģһЩ룬һʦôܻƳƷĻ
϶ǽԼ񣬵ϰĻˣźܲˬôص¡
һǰ;ʦ򲻿ܵõѦϵʶһ㣬Ҳϡ
ûڿʲôֻ˵һ䣬Űɣǿˡ
ʮŻڰƷķ˵ʵǱˮнȻ̫Ӧˡ
Щ⣬Ϊǰǲġ
ιʲô̬ȣ
Сħɲˬˣ£ʳĶȴڳһģСħɷǳջ
ǰֵŮˣʵС檶䣬קʲôק


1604 
Сħԭħʼ飬壬ҲС
СħɴС󣬶µ֪ῡΧڣ֪ٳ޲ڡ
塢ħ壬壬ֻҪСħǶһ˵һ֮Ůʣ֮ӳԵŮӣ
£Сħ൱ĸ߰һģھŮӵĸ߰
Ȼһ֮СħһֱΪ𣬲ǽԪ׸˫ޣߣǰһжΪǰûа
һСħɾ;Ůˣǰס
һ߰ŮӶҪСźŵˣŮ˺ȥộ
ͿŲ˳ˣڣǺȥơ
ܵСħŨҵĵ⣬üͷһ壬˯ϣûôҶ֣ǼʥصרҲҹĵط㶯֣ҽ϶ͼƻǼʥغʦĺϵһʲôʧսΣ㵣𣿡
Į̺вζûʲô£ǿˣͣ
СħɵвƺûȻԼʵгֵš
ŮˣΪ
Ŀһۣȴ͸ԷʲôΪһ֣Ľµֶơ
ŲˣܹǼʥɳǼʥغʦ磬ΪͷŸˣžǷ֮
ѦͷҲѹԼŲֻǸÿĻƿŲ׵ֶΡ
ˣɶߡ
˵ţСħɵ֡
Сħȴ̲ʱ˵ȷʵܰô
ЩķСħָָϵĶʮķ˲֪پŻƳķôȥҲ̫Կˣ
µŬСħɶѪҲغδܷ˳ǵĵڶҪӰ쵽ĳɼ
Сħɱ
ãҪʮķûؼǧĹ׻ֲź
һЦ˵ûϵ
ǽܻᷢġ
˵߾ߣŵ΢΢һ£֣ô
ԼһĹ׻֡
ѹ׻ֹ֧ӡ
˵䣬ϣĿαȻûкˡ
ŶԣСħɶֻСܵСһʢϲһߵͣǵıŶԣȴ𲻵ʲôЧ
ֻƷ⣬Ʒʦӭ֧ͣ׻֣ҲԶ֡
ŵķԸһŮ˹һöۺɫ֮ϱ̹׻֡
Ů̬ʮǫ˫ַϷɫ˵ֹӣĹ׻֣һա
ŮעԪһڷۺ֮ϣһЩǳһķиֳ
ЩĵþǼûʲôЧֻҪʦ½ˣЩľͳԼĻˡ
׻ֵķĿƼ򵥣ȴ٣Ϊÿһöʦᶼһö֮ӦѻֵʱöĻײһһͬ
αķģȴȻûЧģΪٸʦҲı䲻ܲķļ¼
׻֣ʦ˵һʾ޿ˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣֻǵһЦ˵ˡ
ţʲô˼ŲĿһۣû֣ԭ쾭壬Ȼգӵʲô
ʦᣬ׻ֿɱȾЩͨûö࣬Ϊܶϡвϣ빱׻ֲܻȡƷʦԼĹ׻ֶࡣ
ڵɣʮķĻֱʱýˡ
׻֣Ϳϣ˵ģǴ򷢽лأҪĹ׻ʮڣ֣òöһ
ˣǽԼĶʮٷ׳ȥˣŲô顣
õĻʮٷֻȥģ˵ǡʱýˣ˵͡
Ϊʲôڲ᣿Ǽʥأȱ֮֡ŵİȻڱǼ칬´ǼŪýͷöǶ⣬гŮģ
Щעĸ߰ʦһֻҪǳ⣬Զŵ壬ʳǲ¶κβѵʧݡ
΢΢һЦشС˵ǣͬģҲȱ֡
ۼŵĻ˶Է
ŲĿһۣǷһ˿ζЦݣ˵ûŪĻֹӵڣϵĹ׻ֺ㡭˵뿪ʦܾãнˮٺ»ʲôĶûУ£ûнٺʱˣƷʦı׼Ӧõ֣
ʦעʦнˮ͵ĿҲΪ˹ʦ񣬶£ûĸԸˡ
Ʒʦһֻжʮֵнˮѣ£ȷʵֻ֡
ֹӣֵֻ㣬ȷȱô
ϵЦԽԽŨΪһλػ൱ˣȴаΣЦС㵹ǲͦģҵнٺͲˣҲһ֮ҵĻܶͻﵽһܿɹ۵֣ķġ
˵ĺܺˣֻˡɹۡܡˡЩĴ
Ȼʵ޿ɾҩˡ
װƽ¹ȥˣķһʮݵĲϣ˱ȱ˶ʮʱ䣬;˰æǿǿһ
ŸоԼϴεװƾѾӣװ
չ׻֣һȴŪԼƵģЦһװƵζ
ڣȻ˵һ֮󣬡ˡķŸоνġˡʵӳ
ˣ˵Ҳ֪һº󵽵סʲôˡķҴûģִӣ׻֣Ҳеû·ôĽ׵Ϊֹɣлл񣬲ˡ
˵棬Ѿ˾ƱűеѾơ
ɫľˮӳ촽ɵ˿ʳȹԼɴֵģԸкջ
һЦСħһ뿪ר
Ǽ칬ķǷǳģʱ䣬ʮķͱ͵ǰߡ
õĵģһʮ˵ʥСӡ
СӵĶӳΪ᯷壬ʥߣԱʥڡ
СӣѾǰ߷ս̫ˣһֱȱٲ
õ˶ʮšЩ½ǣһ֡֡


1605 Ч
Ʒķ᯷С˵ֻǸոչöѣЧƷķúá
ʮ˶ʥϣʥߵΪ㹻ʵʹƷķƷķǵΪһ㲻Է
ӳûֻЩ
һԱʮšϣЩɥ
ô˵ģʲôСЩƷĻЧƷķòٵģеãѾҪˣ֪ڵķ͵ҩжôǰÿ첻֪ҪĶ٣ܶСӶڿַսôʸʹã
˴·ʮ棬ǵУķֶһսɱУҪԼķֻǸˡ
ӳ˵ǣ
ӳѵ⣬ЩԱǾһЩȷʵûķҲһս
һţúˣܾʡŵãڳ
ӳһ֣ԱǶ

սݱ쳣ң
ÿ죬дĸ䣬һͨʥأȻսȥܿͻʣ
Ǽʥغʥսʥ֮ìѾãһΣΪںֵһ޴ĿԴԼǰȫ濪ս
ֻҪѹ¶Էܶռһ޴Ŀ׳Լ
ļҪ죬Ϊ˭Ҳκβ˭£ԷЧĴԷַһ칬ʥضûˣͽͽʣ¹¼ҹһʲôʲôռһ鲼ںľ޴
ⳡսĽʥߣ
Щвټںൺ֮䣬ѪɱСӵսģʽֿλ
᯷Сӣоĺ֣֪ʲôʱòȡսʽķЧ˵ЩǼ۸񰺹һƷܲá
Ϊ˽ʡЩƣһֻܹԵµĶϮȻڽƮܲһֱˣһΣ᯷СӱΧˡ
һαСЩ϶֣᯷ɫʱüΪѿ
ѣþòˣ
һſЦһɫսףе̵׳һһ˸ߵص˳صĵÿһڵ棬ȳһĽѡ
ӵ󣬻жʮʥߣ
֧СӣҲǵӵֵܲӣ᯷Сӵսչһɱ᯷СӾҪҰܣ
ֻ·ҪôѪƴһƴԼĶ飬ͬʱҲشԷ
Ҫôɢܣ˻ɱһ룬ȴ޷Էκʧʶֽ᯷СӵĶԱɫüΪѿ
Ե㻹û᯷
㶼ûôϴΰͣҵֵܶɱˣΣҪǵ죬һϣɱǣ
Եһ֣ʮ˵Сӣ᯷ʮСӼսһ
ɱ˫֣һʱ䣬ں֮Ͼĺˡ
Ȼ᯷СӱϾһ룬һԶܿͱѹˡ
սСʱ䣬Ѿкü᯷Ա˲ˣ
ߣԶʥߵǿʥˣôӰսǻһˣͻܴܵӰ졣

һҽһ᯷СӵĳԱһۣ
ۣ֮߸Ѫˮ
ƣ
᯷ۼֵܱشʮ˶Ҫӿһɱ׳ŭ
ɱɱɱɱһɱ׬ˣ
սʿмѪԣ᯷岻ɥ֮Ȯһ׷ɢܣҪԼĲӣһƴ
Ū
ʥսʿЦɱƱشѾ޷
᯷ĿһУȴ޷ԮԼҪͬʱӳа˰Ե
˸ƸоԼµʱˣΨһģƴԼһУһĵ汳
óǰЩո쵽ֵš
ƷĹķ൱ڳƵȫһֻԼ͵˶شʱóЧսһʼʱʹãȴ̫Ч
ʱƱشѾ޷Уֻнšӳȥƴˣ
㲻ɱԷҲˡ
Сģķ
ʥ߿óŻһ
ʥ彻սķĿͷ
Ϊʥ壬ȲķҲûķԴǵǿָǿԳ־սڸװҩ棬ȴԶ壬ܶʱǱķŤתս֡
ԴˣǵȻ¡
һ
ʥߴ󺰣Ǵ߶ȫԪγɷ֣ʱŻһը
ĵڿн֯һƬ˷ĻӿϮһʱ䣬ƬնóһƬ
ʥߣһȫԪڵֿգ
ŻǳȫһʥҲԳܵĸо
棬ôָʴڸʴǵԪ
ۿǵĻԪͬ˿ʯһѸڣʥߵɫˡ
ǸоͷųĻͬһ㣬һǿĻԣ
ǣ
Ԫѿʥߴʧɫͬһ㣬ѾմǵĻԪ

ʥߵжλеһ̫޶еһȣ㻤Ԫ飬Ҳӵڶ
ȫʥߵžžı죡ʱ򣬻֮к

汬ըȼգʥ߲ҽһ˫˫ɳȥǵؿںֱۣյƤⷭ׹¶
Ȼʥߵʵ̫ǿ󣬼㱻ճӣҲӵ൱ս
£
ʥ߶һ亹̶ֳȵˣֻҪһܸԭһЩҩĻָٶȻ졣
Ȼˣղűյʱǻֿ˵ĸоΪǲֿ֪µĺɫյʲôʱϨ
ǵԪͷ˻Ϯ
һûô
ƲЦһƷķѾǳˡ
ָƷķһɱȫʢ״̬ʥǿߣԭͲʵķֻսеȻ׶Σټ޵ʱʹòЧ
Ʒķͺˡ
ƿѪɫ԰ףһжҲһѾǼޣԼܣûΪֵǼһЩ
ȼ꣬ƴһһʱȴһĻζû뵽飡
Ļʧ֮ԭ鲼ΧռķӵƣȴûɢųصƵķֽڵƵİ֮°Ȼ
޵ƣڲϵݻĹ򣬶ڳƲ˼ĿУںϵһγµġ
ͺŻûбʹù


1606 ֮
ķԭһԵƷõȻûˣû˵ķȻʹһλʧָԭ״ģ
ķ·һķɵ˳ƵϣһůڵϢһжûʹõʱһģһ
ϯںıը⣬ֿʥ߱ȫˣƺܻղǲķ˻
ѵʹã
ͷеš
ķԭһԵƷͺñȵҩû˵һöҩȥ֮󣬻ٳһΣΥʶ
һ
˵ʥߣҲ˳еķʹ֮󣬾Ȼָԭ
һʥһô£һܹʹõķǻ˵ã
ۿųץסöķʥѾ⣬ҳˡ
ʱһȴЦһ˵ưˣ깷ʹõķսʥػͱǼʥˣ
˵öԣҺͿˡǰ˵߰ԼɵˣǰгƵļһôķֺڱһ첲óһʼʹòͺˣ
Ļ˶򲻹һ
һ֣
깷ȻթңҪšĹͷ
ʥٶȳһΣȫһΣȴȫ
ۿϮһҧһηеġ
ҽˣʱΨһϣ⡰Ŀʹãɣ
Ԫע֮Уһֻ̣оšƺ̰ᣬʼԪ
ȻɥʧһۣʵڵԪȴû̫࣬ʱšȡ󣬻ʣ´󲿷֡
ôᡭ
ԪıʣóƳһǰƷķȻҲҪעԪԲùעô࣡
ָоͺеš޵׶ȡ
ƻӦʱ򣬡ɳбŷĿ⡣
ܵԪͬˮһ۶֮۳ɿ͵Ļ𺣣ڻ֮У֯ĵƣƵӰ֮£һɿµĻϢնҪմ
ɱʥߣʱܻΧ
ʲô
ʥôҲû뵽ķȻĿԷʹãķﲻóαصȵڣ
Ѿ룬µĺɫ̺ſֲĻϢУǵԪɿġ
ڶʹõȵһй֮޲

һʥߵĻԪֱӱմһԹϮĺףŵûɢ
ѾشһΣڵڶΣôס
ô£
սϵߣע⵽γĿĻ𺣣ſֲĳϡ
ǡ
᯷Сӵ˶гԾǵĴͳķֻ˫ѪƴͷܷЧԳ˽ĳ֮⣬ûʹá
ڳߣӶʹãƵĻ𺣣ʥߡ
һĲҽǻԪʥ߱ɫϯȫԵ徭֮Уƻ
ֺɫ棬ԪҸ
ʥ߷Ȼȴڷٵţ
ӳʱ򣬳ƴ󺰣һû
֪ǲеĻԷãʱҲֻܶһˣ
Ķˣôǲøٴۣش֣
ƵĴ󺰣᯷Сӵ߶΢΢һʱĿ˲˼һĻ
ǻûɿ»𺣵ͻȻڰо£»µĻɻص˳ƵС
ѵ᯷Сӵ߶еţʹ֮󣬾Ȼָֻԭ״ˣ
᯷˵ֱóԼŻ֪ԼŻǲҲظãʱֻϣڴˣ
᯷СӵߣһǵĻ˳ȥ
һɲǣնɫĻ
嫵ں·ΪЩˡ

ٷȥ֮󣬱˴ĲϣصԼпʼϰ
ϰĶֻһǾǳԸķĹƣЩƣǵٷһЩ˼Ч
ֻķ߼
֮ǰԸĻֻƷķȻЧҲ죬ɲ⡣
ΪƷߣǼʥ˴̣棬չ򵥶Կٻ۲Ƹ
Ŀܹ꣬һƷķ
һƴḶ́Ʒķĸ죬Ʒķ౶
ѾһЩ飬Ǿٲά衣
ԼУֿʼ˷ʳӡ
̨֮ϣڷ˴ĲϣԼɢҵûûҹݡ
ÿ첻ͣЪݼ㣬ǷǳḶ́СħɾҲڿ֮УܵһȤ͹ػ
Ʒķĸ죬ƷķһͣҪֳɺܶ׶Σÿ׶Σֻһ֡
оһֻ֣ۻ
ÿûеʱͻȥı顣
Ҫһ£ǰһö굤
һöʹõ굤ǽӽ񵤵ļҪƳҲǼΪѵ顣
ڵҩˮƽɡ
ʱһţתۼ䣬Ѿȥ˶ʮ졣
Ǽʥصǰߣʮ֧ʥСӾһһһٶˣ죬Ǳټڿսʱܽᡣ
ܽᣬÿ¶ῪһΣһཻϢõ˵ĵһϣͬʱҲսӦ䡣
ʱڻֳһǣһ׳˶Ĵ󺺣һӣ米һԴͷ˵üɫ裡
ǸǴʱǳ棬ǲ֪ʮһˣʥڵĴӣأֻʮˣȫɶԱȣʥӣǣӳһ£ǸǸˣһսֱǾأ񣡡
˵úӶҪͷŨʱһ䲻İͻȻصϣһ֮𣬡úţˣ
սʱ򱻴ϣ󺺵ȻˬȻһͷվŵľĶӳ᯷塣
ʱûˣί˵ӳ˵Ķʵд
ˣ졣
ⳡսʱܽᣬ˴󹦵᯷ȴĲ֪սǲģȴһֵģǾսȥĻеֱ조᲻ᱻͷûˣ
֮ǰͨò˽⣬ֻǵСӵĻЧ⣬Сӵķӣһξûˡ


1607 ֡
ʱһߴ˴̤᳡ŨüĿǿǼ칬ӣǿߡˮ
ʮ֧ʥСӣֱܲˮϽҲλߡ
̤᳡ˮ򵥵˵˼俪ףͿ᯷壬żɽ˵᯷壬սУ˵Сȡһݣʮһ˵ĵ˰Χ֮УҶ滹ӳȴɱʮˣҽҲĶӣֻ˵Ĵۣǲǣ
ˮȻʱЦ⣬Ŀ⣬ɨ᯷Сʮϣ˸оӥһϬ
ܽϱˮ᯷СӵĳԱеԺһսȷʵǴȫʤú죡
Ȼ᯷ȴֹ˼ɣʮŻСȴֻʮˣ᲻ᱻջʮȥҧͷǣ
ţãйдͣˣ԰վӵĹ涨õʹͣˮ˵䣬᯷СӵǸ˷ˡ
ʱˮһתֵô֪ôӮģ
᯷һˣ
ȻϣܲЩʱǸͲ֪ЩЧ
һ᯷óѾ׼õս
ǰһ˵ˮˣ᯷ѾսãսܶսвСӰ죬ˮ˹Ŀ֮ǰ᯷һ󡣡
Ŷ󣿡
ǣ᯷֣أˮˣΣջǵľװ
ΪʲôҪջǵľװˮüһĸе᯷ս͸ǵװйˡ
΢΢˵ֻҪǷȥװȻջء
лˮˡ᯷һϲˮôµı֤Ȼˡ
̽սȥԲҪδ󹦵ĽʮŻһҪغֵܵ
ˮ᯷ս֮ɫƽ¶ݣٵţ˻վ
鼤ŵĿ᯷壬ʹõĻ˵Ķģ
ˮ˵ʮ㣬ȫһʱ䣬᳡ѻȸ
Ƕ˲ˮĻ
ʹõĻϣķ
ķǿ󲻼٣۸ֻ߰ʹһΣһߣķֻܾ˵Ĺؼʱ򣬲óʹãƽʱرһš
һܹʹôĻǸ龰һСӣһһŻǿըʲôܿס
ף᯷Сӣ޼Ա£˫ԼĶ֣õ֤ˡ
ʶЩСӵĶԱ۾
սҲҪ

ҹʦᡪ
ÿҹʦר壬Ǽ壬Ŷ뿪λá
һʮʱ۳Էż
ⷽ˵ɷǳľҵκʱκҲ
Ȼһ㣬Ҳѹ¡
ʱţһɵķɫ˯ȹڳ֮ǰķĿ
ĿʵѾ̫ˣܳϰԵһ
ΪΪŵģѾ겻
Ǽ칬ʱ䣬Ѿȥķ֮һ
ƷķǧţƷķ͸ˣֻһǧš
ܲȴɰƷķһƷķ
̫ˡ
ʦĻԲǺܸߡ
Щˣԭ͸߰ޱȣǳ֮⣬ҪҪо
ϼ۸ǣҲʦĳɱϾʧܵķûвϲġ
ٶȥ񽻸޵ʱһ붨겻ɣ
ôأ
ŵƣҲϵŮ
ƫƫݵʯȹ֮µģûʲôµʦſ硣
ĸ߼ʦȴδػᱻŵŮ
ЩÿЩ߼ʦЦܵĹǵȤʵЩƣˡ
еĺƣŵģȴԶûֳôݡ
С㣬칬
ʱһɫ˹˫ַϡ
ǼͷһÿνӵǼвԤС
һ֪̽ɨһǼݣһʱ䣬סˡ
Բ޴ʹõķϽķУķ
ҲһЩ裬Ҳᱻɵʦķʹãǲܵ顣
ִܲ˵˷˿Զʹõķˣ
˭
뵽ľʦЩĴʦǻ᳤Ʒʦ
ƺЩˣûôӹǼʥصǵݣǲмЩġ
ѵǶƷʦͷƷʦнġ
ȥȻܿ죬뷨ҲˣǼУйſԶʹõķĻӰһۿһƷķ
Ʒʦ񲻿ܽӻġ

żǳãܹǵЩ˭ӹ
ȻЩܻˣһž˵ӣʵûĸˣܹ˼飡
ܲɡ
ĪȻԳҡҡͷԼ񾭹ˣŶ䣬꣬ʦҲžƷӡ
ţʱϵıͻȻˡ
ʶסС졣
Ǽм¼ĻӰУƿķ½ǵС֡֡
֣Ѳɡ
ʶܣ˶ˡ


1608 ҹ
ҪСԵȣҲһ¡
ȹķСЦţΪŲķ䡣
Ʒңʮ˺ŷ
С㱨ķţôˣֹӿѾϢˣСȷҪݷֹô
ǣޱĵ˵ͷ
СЦʦ۵ŮҹģôԸеķɫ˯ȹһȥķʲôأ
ܻСһЩ롣
ȻЩ뷨Ȼ¶
Сһŵɫʣű֪ԷԲʲôԴˣ⡣
ʱҵģ֪Żĳֵ֮Ļô
ŵļ֮УʦᣬֵľͲ࣬Ϊϣյģ֮УձһЩ
ǻʦԼķȻûķ½׺һְ֡ɣ
һƷʦᣬôܷ׵ķ
߰ͷ˶ʮ˺ŷ֮ǰ
Ĺ׻ʼ㣬ҲʹֲֻҪ׻ֵƷҡ
һȽյʯţ鸴֣ԥ֣ʯϵĴ󷨰ȥ

ʱУɢҵĲϣûɵķ
ǽǵһʯ֮ϣȴŵĴɫ
Ͻ֮пһ£㽫ƷķĸŪһüĿ
죬Ҳۻһ䣬Сħһ˫ޡ֡
ʱȴҴ󷨴š
ţʱˣʲô˻ң
΢΢üһ˵ʦҺ󣬴ʱ䶼ڹ״̬óȻţò
οѾҹʱ֣ǰݷøͻˡ
˭ˣ
Сħһ죬ߵȹסͪ壬ҲٴΣûݷ
֪
һ㴩·߹ȥš
šǡʯſվŵԸмˣһʱһ¡
ֹӡȻʱмΣ¶ĵЦݣʱţŷɫɴ˯ȹؿ¶ƬѩףǱɴ֮£ҲĿɫĨغԲĳȣԸеĴţҹʱ֣ټϵЦݣþѪš
ԭС㡣
ţѾ²µΪʲôˣȴûеƣվſ΢ЦʵСʲô𣿡
ܵôӭŲΪ⣬ĵĿһֹۣӲҽȥô
ʱ˿̣Ĵ紩ţûĸ˻ܾ
Ȼû뵽ǣʱһŮ𣺡ڽƺĲء
֮߳һ׿ԼĺŮӣϹŵЦݣζĿ˵ⲻСôôôˣǼʲô
СħҧءǼ⼸֣ʾζ
Сħ֮ϵЦݽסˣû뵽СħҲڣҴʱСħɣ͸ŵ糺֮ɫټϷŵǹɵ⣬ѾµСħɸղڸʲôˡ
żôôɡ
ƽʱŵĸ߰龰תȥˣǽ첻УǼѹ뾡𸴣ǰߵսɵȲ
ǿάϵЦݣ˵ⲻɶСôϴһɶòΪˣӡأ
Լ֪֪Сħɵ֣͸ˡ
ȻСħβͲŵһף˵˵СĽôٵĻСҲ˵óڣŪúϴμƵģ⣬鷳ҪҡɶôҸ㲻죬е飬ʵڲ˼
Сħ˵䣬ܻĿһǰ¶Сͦ˫壬˵˵ʦܶʦСԵߵڿĲǿѨأ˵ϵģһ˵˷ĺô
Сħɵ䳰ȷðźεôʲôʱǱţȴһС䣬ƫƫЦ
ɶСЩᣬ֮ǰʲôĵطɶСǸˡ
Ѿ̬СħɴŸоһѾĶҲûʲô˼ƲƲ˵㵽Ǽʲô£
ʵСħҲµһЩȻΪǸ͵ģΪٷ飬ʲôҲǲܣӡ
ڳ֪ϻʲôСħţǷһ˿΢Ц
Ů˰죬εһ˵С㻹ǽɡ
ȻĸŮҲûʲôӡ󣬲ܹ׬׻֣ҪͨŮ˲С
仰ΪŽΧ
ŸмĿһۣ߽ҡ
ķ䣬ʮң̨϶ѻ˸߰ĲϺͷֽһõ
ĻԭЩСħǲ̵ģȻȴҶЩϺͷֽӰ쵽ĺ
ҵķӭͣԭǷǳʧ飬һ˽Ҫü΢ˡ
Ȼſҵ̨ȴһĨʣ
ԼҲǸʦȻ̨֪ϵֳζʲôЩʧܵķֽҵ򣬶ζʲô
ʦһоҪķѺĲϣЩݣдϣڵһ̨ϵ򣬾ʮ顣
ǳǷд鼮װȥֻռɽһǡ
Щ׽˶ݼ㣬ѵĸĽһɵģ
ֹڷѽֲᣬ˰˵ĳɼһЦţһ⿴̨ϵķԽԽľЩʧܵķƷȻƷķЩ׶ʲôѲҪĽƷķô
ЩͷŵԺľоԼҪǰ˵ļֵˡ
Сʲôֱ˵ɡżɽ˵
õģҾͲĨˣһֹӣ֮ǰӽĻǶʮŻ½ǣǲֹӵϣ
ʻ֮䣬Ȼƽĺȴ
ŵ⣬֮УȻͷ˵ķǼʥõĻ԰ɣ
Ȼв²⣬ǵõĿ϶ŻǵһоԼ÷ɿ죬
ôĻ쵽̶ֳȣô쵽ģ
ԣ൱ԡ
˵ţȴˣֹǿԣֱǵľը˹ڲ֪СӣҪķһŶã


1609 
žұ仯ı飬⡣
һģֽ䣬óһʱٻ
ʱ˶ʮһŻϽ˶ʮš
˵ģɡ
̨ϣԼ˵ķԼȡˣó֤˵
ķ۾һ
ŻͨĻûʲôȻʹõĿֲԣȴΪս
һʮСӣ䱸һĻսʲô
һٿըöֻͷһӵϣԼ͵Ϯ˭ܿס
Ż˳ָ½ǣһ֡֡
Ϭıʷ棬ͬһ㣬΢΢һ
һģһ֣
̧ͷв֪ʲôо
һˣ
ܻʱֻΪװעҲ벻ܽˣһĽˣ
ָĽȷǲԼģýֺͷҲ뵽ĽĻѶһԭĸߣһˣ
񻹲һɡŸо޷ˣҲ̫̬Щ˵һһСǸ߽ʦҲ޷Ʒ
У̨˾ԵȨ
ֻԼСܱܵžǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϵҪͷۿûȿڵ˼Ҳ뷨Ҫȿأ̸У˭ȿڣ˭ɥʧȨ
˱ŻʲôȨأ
ʵǵ
Ҳû취άĸֻ֣߰¶ֺõЦݣ˵ֹӣķһģ
ǵġûʲôܳϵģҲס
Ȼ
û⣬ڿʲôԼȻ뵽ʱԼǵĮ̬ȣиСħִԼһ¡
Լֱ˵ġ
ѵЩĶҲֹһ˶ɵģʡ
ЩĶȻģЩҲΪѧĴ⡣
У
һƺѦ˵ƺһǳǿʦ
ʲôУȻܹô̬ĸ죿
Ʒʦ޷ɣ
ŸоԼƽһ˲õı۶ǼʥأǶʦᣬˣ
̲סʵֹ֪ӵʦǡ
ŵĻ΢΢üҲ˼֣СӦ֪ÿʦԼĴУеĺļգʦͽܣδػڣСôʣǴòĳĴô
һñӿŶʱ˻ȥֻ˵Ǹֹӣͻˣδ̸ֹܲһº
˵䣬һֱע۲ı飬Լ̸һֱСϾ֮ǰΪԼİദʵڲ졣
ûʲô֮ɫʱŲż˵ֹӣһ£ĻһʹöٴΣ
ʵյǼʱǼ칬ѾһЩʵ飬ֻҪõȷϣǲÿһķܴﵽһˮƽ
ʹüٴΰɣʹô̫֮Ľṹͻ١
һεսУķ෢ĴΣҺΣҪעһʹĴ֮ķľ޷ʹˣҪһʱ䣬ʹһΡ
ٻʱΪͬʱ֮֮𣬻̫ߣټĶָĶʹٻǳ㹻ɱ۷ʥ
ӦģٻʹߵҪҲǳߣĹƣҪʥ۷ʹٻʵԴ󽵵͡
һָĶ⣬ٻͷţʹӳٻʹҲʹҪ
ݣǼ칬ԼԳݲ࣬еˡ
ֻܲļ۸ʮһţǼ칬۸
ʵϣǼ칬һ񣬶ǶʮգҲ˵Ǽ칬Ҫÿ֧˰׻֡
ԥһ£˵ֹӣǼʥҪһĸĽж٣Ҫ٣ǻ֧㹻ıꡣ
Ŷ°ͣίУϵˣڵǼʥأǳȱԺͷԵķҩѹСһ㡣
ί֮ǰǲǰϴεĿأ
Ц⣬һ仰ȴסˡ
ϴεĿ
ǵģ֮ǰʮŻ˻Ƿأ
ԭҪ֧׻֣ûҪ˵ǣҲȱǵ㹱׻֡
Ų֪ΪʲôҪǱʹ׻֣̫٣ķЧʱҪ߼ۣ
֮ǰ˵Ҳһ֮ҵĻܶͻﵽһܿɹ۵֡
ϵ˽Ҫһˡ
ִܸУоԼȫһԼΪСܵܵ˸ѹġ
˵С㡭СħɿţЦЦҼǵĳ֮ǰ˵ûķģǰɣ
һǰԤԻķ
ƫƫһ䡰Ҳ֪һº󵽵סʲôˡķҴûġ
Сħˡ
ɶС㣬ϴε飬ĺܱǸ
£òͷٴηŵ̬ǽ죬Ѿڳ㹻ĳ⣬ֹӣ㿴ʮ׻һô
ÿһ˫۾ˮһ㣬顣
ܲļ۸ѹʮΪһּۻ۵Ŀռ䡣
û˵Сħɾֱ˵ʮһţ̵ǴþķʹٴΣԭļ۸ҲʮţÿǧֻʮΣҲʮһŰɣ
˵ˣĸĽͻԭĻǿһЩǮûҪأ
Сħͱˡ
һͣʮ򡭡
Ļ֣һǧţǾҪ֧ǧ׻֣ôȥǼ칬ܲģϾһսǼ칬Ѿĺܶˡ
Ȼ˵ĻһŵԭţҲǿǼ칬ϣţչʱܹѹһЩ۸񣬱ϾָĽͻǿǿ˼ϣɱ棬δؼ˶١
ֹӡ֪Сħɰûκ壬ÿϷ棬ȫǼʥسе
鵭Ȼſļ۸񣬶ûʲô
ʮһţһǧŲܴչʮڻ֣һǧķҪãҪɡ
Į˵С㣬ʵƺŪһ㣬ķδطҪǵģóǼʥصˣû˻߼ô


1610 ʦ
һ˵סˣȷʵ˵ǼʥأڱҪﹺķȴδҪķǼʥء
ָĽ͵ĻܹʹٴΣһսԷĴΣЧǳ죬ЩʥǿߣԸһĻɱﵡ
һʥڵߣһŻȻ˵ܹսʤʥڵߣǽԱȴûʲôġ
ҪȥؾȥսһĻǱȻԸ⡣
֮⣬ָͻʹõԣҲǶһ޶ģһЩռõʦҲ⻨۹ķ۷ĴӵܣͬӵϡķΪ١
ݵ
˵ЩķĻļ۸񣬻ܿﵽһʮֿɹ۵ĵزܳ˶Żļ۸ܺͣ
뵽̸֪ȥˡ
Ǽʥؿļ۸񣬸ò֡
վЩį˵ֹӣɶС㣬ǴˣȻȥˣֹӣŻġ
˵óһ˫ùֵ۾ƺ̺ǧ˵ݡ
ŮòϣǸ
ģСħ͵ģòСħΪˣȴһһŮ˲еζǾʱ޿̲ԣһĶˡ
žôˣͷβƺһŮԵһǰϵֱˡ
ָ磬ܾߺСħ˵
ż̫࣬ҪоƷķĸ죬ҪΪǰ굤ûʲôʱ䣬ٻĻҲʮųϡΪˣٻĲֵǮˡ
ѩһƷ˭ҲƲļ۸ļ۸Ϊĳȥġ
ԼʵٻߵˣΪеĻֵͻ೴۸
۸ˣǿٵȥ
һ򵽵ˣҲͬ뷨ȥ۸ԽԽߣԶԶļֵ
Ȼֵüľ

ŻصԼķУ봫󣬳ϵǼ칬ʹˡ
ŽԼһж˵ˣ֮üͷһ塣
СȻҪʮһţ̰ᣡ
ɫһЦһظŵ£㲻ùˣСӴΪ뿪Ͳܻˣ棡Ȼ̰Ҿһֶò
õظͷһǼ칬òְɣ
ʦᣬԭУǼ칬ʦĳԱ֣Ȼĳǵķ
ܵѣжԡ
Ͼٳʦǿʦķʦɻ顣
οƺһ𼶵ʦ
Ϊ˸ĽĻһ𼶵ǾСʧǼʥصһսҲôˣһзӪ䶨ˣ
ŸоǼ칬ô³ç飬ǲĵһ䣬Ǽ칬֪ı
ܿ͵õ˴𸴣˵ЩɭȻʦύģⲢûа취ԸСӣѾʦ
ʦ
һ֡
ʦ磬ʦǹޱȣ𾴡
ʦɣԨԴУš
ǣһڰʦЩʦԼȥоרԱ˵оɹ
˿ֵ˵ķȻа֮ͼΪУΪǣ޶棡
һ˵ʦƵķзƽķķ漰̫ิӵķģķںϣӦõǿȵȣα죬ܡ
Ǿһʦרžд˵
ͺñȷ磬רоС͵ʲôǶܴ򿪡
ʦΪݣûĸʦԸ⿴ԼоĶ˵õġ
ھ޴ʹ£ȴ൱һʦԸΪֱĺڰߡ
ЩˣҲдС
ȻǵĴרŹغôƽ⡢ķġ
ʦЩڰʦеʦ
˽⣬һƷʦ˼ϣҲ˲ĳɼ
ڵаϣʦųûⲻֻʱ䣬ͳɱ⡣
ܶʦȻЩѹ׵ľУʦȴϣΪƽһķҪķѴϡϣҪ۰󷨣ɱզࡣ
ƽ𡭡ƽָĽǼʥؾ׬ˣţв֪ʲôоղ̶̵ĽӴ֪ΪΣͻȻɲ
ʦܷƽķ
زѾԼֵܲˣǰȵרԼıְ

Ǽʥء
Ǽʥλ޵ǺǺ֮ϣһԲʮ޴죬˵ǵ죬ʵܶϵĴ½ûô
⵺֮ϣȴĺҹ֮Уʱ޿̲ǳ
ǻԻ֮£һտƯҹ֮УǼ칬
ǼʥصȨ࣬ҲǼʥס
һգǼ칬Ŵ󿪣ΪǼ칬ܹܵʹˣ칬ſڵȴҪӭӵıʦ
ʦԭǴô۵ѾȻ˶ڱȴǵúܶ˾η;£
ʵ壡


1611 
ʦ㾹Ȼ붯֣ߣһ˵Ǽ칬״ơ
붯֣Ȼۼɡ֮˸Ÿ͡
˵ķʦȤҲǳ󣬲ƽ֮ҪõȷʵҪСĴۣܹŪķҲֵˡ
˵ţʱһƬĹ֮һ̻Ի͵Ųõĺ⻮ʡ
мʮɿһ¥Ҫ౶ʮֻ̫žţУǰֳĽʿ·ĺ棬мʮֳΪʶòŮһ߷Уһ߹֣ǰУϵŻŮ»꣬Ʈ㣡
Щ꣬ͨķǼֵ黨һ·֪ҪٲƸ
һϣܿ˵ĸкݳޣ
Ǽ칬ǰͣȣĸòŮ߳飬չһɫ۵ߣ߳
ߣò˫ĿϬò檣ʣ˾ʦˣ
ųưզ࣬µĻ꣬Ͳ֪ҪԪģҲ˰ɡ
ʦ˼æǰӭӡ
ֻ΢΢ͷſ˻е檣ĵʱܱ󣬿׻Ͳ˵ˣʼɡ
ã˵ţǼ칬õҡ
檡ŮǣҲúдţڹȺ
Ǽ칬ңռٲȻһ㳡ôΪ沼Ÿ۰󷨣̳ͬһĶ̨
̨֮ϣҲƿ̡
ɨһЩʩ⡣
ķʲôģֱ⡣
΢΢ԥ˵һƷʦ
ۿüͷһ壬ƺҪŭ˼æ͵ˮƽֹܲƷڵķĽṹδؾġ
һƷʦƷƽֱ
ԸһмֵķҺϵòҪʧķأ
óٻϿķͨĻûʲô
ԭƷķƺȤȱȱȻɨһķȴһĨʡ
ף˼
ȤһϲܹʦȤζ¶Բһˣҵ飬Ȼ㾡ʮŬ
Ҫаɣ
УĴЩ󷨣ͲúõģǶе󷨣ÿһ۸߰ʦĹ׻ֵĻÿһ󷨶ǧ׻ϡ
Ǽ칬Ȼƴ֣Ҳֻһȫҡ
˲˼˵ֻг󷨣ƽⷽ󷨾ûˣʦֲá
ЦһȻȻЩƽ󷨣ɵĿұ죬Ȼûеġ
ЩԵΪĺڰʦȻרԱ˵ƷйԼļʹУȴʵʵģԲй¶ˡ
˭ҪǵļǾ͸˭ƴ
ʦԼֽһȡʮ̣ȫڷž޴̨ϡ
ڷŵʱСЩ̣ÿһ϶ֵǧ׻ˣл漰ִ˵ʮ̣Ŀұˡ
̿е̺˵˾˳ȥˮ۲еһУǲŵʦ
רҵ̾
ԣרҵľǲһ⿴ʦóһ̣۱ǵƷǶй֮޲ˣ
ʹһֻҪһɣΪǼ칬ʡĳɱҲ׬һ׶ķļպս˭ҶǼ칬
˵Ĺά΢΢һЦ˵ʲôˣʲô£ʦǺڰʦ֣ηƼƻӦʮþˣǵĺϢɣʮңɡ

Ǽ칬ܹĵչжʱʦᣬĿԶʹõĻҲˣٻ֣Ҳ֪
ЩֻǰĲ׽ӰϢʵдΪ֪ߣȻΪ
ʦĳԱܸߣǺһʹõķѶж
ǵ֪ʶ;飬˻ĵ顣
Ǳ˽һĻ龰һȺʦΧʦĲԼһΧȴżʶһٻ
ΪۼΪʵڲ֮Уһжõ֤ʵ
ҲԼеٻһǰһš
Сӣܸ
ѦͷҲˣԼͷһҲ˵ţȻоŵеףΪ¸йأʶľһˡ
ͷ°̲ͣסʵ˵ٻܹʹúܶΣǶٴΣ
ʹôͷĵġ
΢΢һЦ˵˾֪ˡ
Ҳϻ˿ԼеѾۼ˼ʮ֮󷨵У
ʱš
ţȴűأһ£ķ£ɱĳŵġ
Լֻ΢΢һЦ֪վǴ㽫ٻ߼
Ĳ󷨣Ϊ߼۶·ˡ


1612 
ڲ֮󣬼ʮͷģ̫޳ΧЩ޵ʵڵȣ
ֻǻӣӵʵͬķȴйԡ
һȦ̫ޣŲæķ˻ٻ
һʱ䣬ƽ֯һֲı죬Ļϯ
⼸ʮͷ̫ޣȫɣųϵޱ˲ճɷɻңֻͷ
ЩޣеҲǱˣҲмͷ൱ʥڣʥ۷壬ޣûκˡ
һͷɰȻͦϵƬûб𻵰㡣
ƻѦͷÿݣһжϳٻǡʥǵƻһֻĻ߳һ
൱ͷҲǵͷ
˻УʱΪģĵѸգ۾ͻһµٻ
һϢʱ䶼ûͣҫ۵Ļٶ
Ǻ¡һ죡
ߣٶ˿ֲıը
ڶηٻ
ʣǼͷ̫ޣȫϯмͷŵȥ
ʥڣʥ۷ļͷޣȫҲѬڡ
ڶô죡
Ȼ˵ٻʹãҲû뵽ٻڶʱô̡
⣬ֻһʼеٻӶıը
ΪٻߣҲ˽ٻṹˣ⣬ڻϵϴﵽ⾳裬ʹٻֱʹָ
һߣʹٻĴΣͻľȻҪһʱٻܡ
á
ʹٻĹУһʹãһΪٻˣ
ٻĻ棬ڵ֮Сħڵ֮ס
ֻ棬С
ˣУһöٻӳڱűʵ
䣡䣡䣡
֮УÿϢʱ䣬һֲıը
Ļ𺣣ϯ󷨵ػԼ䶼ҪµıըƷˣ
һһΣ߶ٻ
ȻŻʱ޿̲ڵʵԱ֧ŶʥĹԸʲô
ͺñһѵصķ˽Գһ㣬ٴζƣ
˿ը֮£һͷ̫ޣޣȫɻˣ
龰ڳеʦ˵ţǿͣ޷
ǼпٻĲԱ棬Żܹʹǲ٣ÿʹĴΣҪнϳʱĳܣһһûκμ
²ΪٻߣҲΪӵпµʵ
ʶǰ꣬ʵԶԶ⣬ȴҲ壬͸
ѦϡĲꣿ
ſ߲ԶѦͷйһУѦͷġ
ˣ룬Ӧòеٵġ
Ѧͷ촽ЩϿ¼̫ˣֲˡ
һо޷ˡ
ͻȻã֮ǰһֱԿСܵܵĿȥǶôЦһ¡
֮еıըֱ籩꣬ͣ
ⳡܼıըÿ˶ĬţڣһʱȥѾըһٶΣ
һͷֲıը֮УҲըѪģ
һУȫƬԵĻɣƤⷭڣ
ѵܰͷ̫޸
ܶжֳͷ̫޵ķܱģʥ壬ڷ棬ѷһ
ڣƣܰͷ޸ɵˣ
ʱ򣬱ը˶ٶΣ
ͷѾյòȫǣɭĹͷ¶棬ֱպڡ
ڣһڻеأ
šһ죬ùʧ
ˣеޣȫٻɵˣ
£޶ɱˣֻһƷķѽ
ȻιﵽЧƷķɵޣ̫˳Ծһ£ֻƷķһ㡣
еȻʧеٻըһʮΣܵĻ֮Уױ٣ɢΡ
ˣⳡˡ
İһʮΣ
еĻ泹ɢ֮㶵³֣ķֱڷűѽ
ʦӣᶼ΢΢鶯һ£ԭ˵ٻʹãҲû뵽ʹİٶΡ
ļ۸ƷķбȽ϶ģٻ۸һİٱͷˣ
ܶ˶ʶһ㣬ŵȻҲ⣬̾һǼ칬֮ǰԳʹٵٴΣȻΪ˽ٻĽṹʹõİٴϡ
֪ܲǱߵķƼƻôˡſӲԷ졢ĲӣĪĲһֲԤУ£ٻûô򵥣ö֮ؽųľô׷ô
治֪صж
жηʱ¶һЦʵλûٻأֻչ׻֣ԵҲۣ۸ߵã
һȫʦһ¡

ʱ֮⣬Ǽ칬ƷС
ʦǰٻķսѾһҹ
һҹʱ䣬ʦûаϢʼһ̨ǰøֶΣһƷķ
һʼĲΪ⣬ķṹʱȤٵһҹķսʦȴɫԽԽء
оöٻǳļ֡
ԽǼֵĶԽĶ־ΪԼǺڰʦҵƽߣϣƷķΪΪƷޣƽ֮⣬ƷƷƷķͲⲻ

һ൱ˡ
ڣƷķϣѾʧˣʱǰɢķ
֮Уд˸̣еķĽṹÿʱỵ̈Ҫк㡣
ȻЩóĽȴо൱ĹŹ֣֪Щ׶ԲԣĽȥķܻʲô


1613 
ǰŸĽͻûƵģ˼ʮ꣬У֪ӴϡŹֵķ֮ǰδƽķ·
Խ㣬ԽǾûס
һŵһߣЩ֤һ¡
һɫķֻ̣̣һ߼ȴһ飬ʦĹ׻ֵĻҪǧ׻֣
ڷƽķ·ʱ򣬵ƾߵ͸֪ԶԶҪ󷨵
ΪķеѹЩϸС֮У뽫ϸСİ뿪̽鵽ڲṹ
ɫ̣ˣģȶЩϸСģһķ롣
ƷķԵ÷ǳģѾʮûȥƷķˣƷķʲôȤ
ƽģֻƷķһǴʦƷ
Ľһ鼫Ʒ꾧ɫ֮Уһʱ䣬ˡ
ڻ壬꾧ļֵ൱
ּƷ꾧һö͵ʮöͨ꾧Ҳ൱ʮһʲСĿ
Ϊ󷨵ľȷȣĵʹøõĲϣȻõĲϣҪǼʥ򵥡
һ̻һóһֵ̣̼֮ǰ̵һЩҲҪǧ׻֣
ڶ̵ãģͷƣģ̣ȴҪõһϡϣˮɳˮɳۻ֭Һ̵ġīֲ֭ϣһžҪ׻֡
ÿʵһΣҪٰˮɳ
ϺͰ̵֧֮£ķ̿ʼˣ̶ڿУųĹâ
֮⣬˵ˣר־ĿһУһҹû뿪
Ҫ֪õϿɶǼʥṩģǵȻ뿪
ۿһһıģǲȻĳ鶯ţҲ֮ǼʥͶĳɱѾ߰ǧ׻ˣôȥٹҪڣֻ֮ߣ
ûиڣ
᲻úײסǡҧҧοԼֻҪƽٻǾһһⳡսתպǼʥҲ˶档
ʱͻȻʦԪһͨϵ⾳߽֣ԽԽã
ϵ⾳һ£ʲô
ĥ䣬ķߣڻϵѾﵽ˵أʹõĻǳ죬ȥ칬ϵɾߵȥ
һЩֶΣٻ֮еĻֻƵľ̶ȣľ
ȻֻԵĻ棬һƷߣȻֻںһô쵽ģ
ں˼룬ʱҲء
ķߣҲǸȻͨϵ⾳ôܣŶ䣡
ɹ黳ɣ˻ǺܿǼ칬ϵΪߵˣҲʦ壬һ벽ǿߣ
ˣǼ칬ǰʮ
Ļϵ裬ﵽ˵⾳⣬ǿһ˿ڰ⾳£
һˣ˿Կ϶Ļٿ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ã
ˣǳ⣬벽ǵ֮վǣ˷Ϣγһɿµѹ
һ֣оԼɹİոˡ
СĵͷŻ棬Իϵе⣬עڻ֮С
ٵ´ͬʱҲ̨ϵְ󷨣ھҪʼŷٻˡ
ҲֻгԷһЩϸСģ֪Լõ׶Բԡ
Ʒҵ󷨾ǲһֻһһϵеĲϾͱ󷨴ϣǣ֮£۳ϸСġ
ʱһһ̣֮ϣٻֵ֮ϣٵγٻķƷ
ֲǿȲһУ֣Ҳڻƿ⵽˼£һжǳ
ҶЩṹķȷģ
оڸ˫ĿеĿҲԽԽ˷ܣֻҪһĽȷˣôֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܽ⿪ķ
ķļֵҲһҹķ֮Уεȷˣ޼֮
ֻҪŪԭպԼԽԭӦõķϣ
һƷķʹٴβʲôƷƷķأ
һʲĲƸ
ЩֻһţܿȫעͶ뵽ƹУΨ;κϸС
ȻʱͻȻƵƷУܵһ㲻Բڵĵط
һ㲻ԲڵĵطķϸСģڡ

ϣԣѾƳϸСĽṹұ֤ʵûдΪʲôⲻܣ
üоš
ݹ̶ʮƵʱҲ֤һ㣬ϸСĲܳͣƫƫںʱ򣬳˴⡣
Ҳţ
ͷܵĺ顣
ΪԼˣţһϸСĻ꣬ǿн뵽ϸСĽṹ֮С
ʱеȻһ£
һ𣬻ûӦʱƳϸСġһըˣ
ⲻǲϵıըб淴˵·£
꣡
һĿĵ죬ɫ䣬ĿţԼϵֵǵ̣ŭĳ룡
̨ϵ󷨣ҲΪĳѽ˿
䣡
ըһһĲһɲǣ̨·𱻷籩ϯһƬǽ塣
ٻ̣Ҳĸ
һʱ䣬ȫӲɫڣ
Ŀֻʣ°ص̣޷ǰһУ̣Ĺߣôˣ
Ǹղŵıըʦı׼ʧһǧĹ׻֣
ʵʧأǼʥʧҲᣡ
̨ϵ󷨣ÿһ۸߰ṉ̃˶٣ը٣ǼʥأҲȥ˽ڹ׻֣
׻֣ҪϡҩЩܻǳ
ըʱ˵ʦһԣȻĿһУֹ
Ȼը󣬵ȴģǷڸ󷨵ڲ޷ȣͨΪٸ߶У
ʱҵĴűײѾȫʧ̬˳˽һ̨ϵһƬǽ壬嶼Ĳţ޷ˡ


1614 ʮ
΢һʧֵǧ󷨱һǧı
֮⣬˴Ͳϡϣ
ЩʧĶѪ
һǼʥһֱս֮У˺ԴʥصԴ䶼Щ׽ˡ
תۼ䣬ʧһڻ֣һڻķܹתɶսѽ
һƽжģ˱֤һҪķƽ⿪Ըܷ
ˣϷ䣬Ʒҵãһֲٰ졣
ԭŸһ󹦣ԼҲⳡлôôȴû뵽ڻᷢչĵز
ķƽⲻˣʧôе
뵽Щ˵Ѿǳɫ޲ðǰɵƸ
˵ģûⲻֵһڵ󷨣ͱôˣ
ǿѹеŭҸ˺һʵǿָصʲô
ȻƽٻѾʲôϣʱһҪģһȡʲôչٰһ㡣
˲ƵĿ⣬ֺ˪ʲô˼ҵʧǻòãһΣҹ̾ĸ
һʵ飬ģԽԽŭ
ģҹģ粽á
ˣ
ʱ˵ʦ忪ˡ
еλߣ㻹ûпƽķ
λʦҲ֪жأǼ칬ȻȨ֪˶ʹλأһȱ
Ϊ飬ְܱΪԭǼ칬о൱һŸӼۣķ
֪ƽϸСĵں⣬Ҳܳɹ
˵֪ղŴΪʲôķ·ᷢ˿ҵıը
ҲṩϺͷ󣡡ʱ˵
ЦһҾͲźˡ
ԣüͷһ壬ṩϣԽԽһˡе㲻ˡ
Ŀ˿ʦ塣
ʦҲò⣬΢΢ȡһеİ취ȳƽɣҪʵ飬ʵ飬ҲҪ̫󷨡

ʱʦᡣ
ھһ֮кܶʦ๺ٻ
۸һ·
󶨼Ϊʮ׻һţ
۸񣬼ٻԭֵ޶ȵֳˣ
оʮ׻֣ȥŻˡ
ٻҲʹٴζѡ
Ȼٻǿһ㣬ʹϣŻʤһٲҪʲôġ
Сӷˣʮһţһţѽ˵㿴ϷչķϣǲǸҸʲôģ
۸ɽ֮Ѧͷø첲ͱһ£Ц˵ô๱׻֣Ѧͷ˶Ҫۺ졣
˸ۣʲôʱչ˹ҵģ
ѦͷһʱЦǣרҴȥģ
Ѧͷǰ뿪Ц˻ǼҲչ
ɣԼóǰϼһԲܾ
ҡҡͷ˵Щġ
Ȼһֹٻʱ䣬ٻ۸񣬻ǲ⡣
Ҫ٣Ѧͷӵۣ׬ô඼׬ȴ˵
ʮڡ
³֣ѦͷһͣȻĸǰгһϣܼʮڹ׻֣
ѦͷԭΪˣʮòڿĸµʱ䣬Ȼûʮڣȴһˣ
ȥ׬ʮڣ
뵽ѦͷֻоЩСӣѲϵԼַͨʽٻ۹׻֣
ĻҲδ̫Щ֤ĽżȻ
ǷҪЩϲˡѦͷü˵
Ȼĵͷ
ʦᣬҲûҪȫϡЩϣҪ򣬻ߵһʱ䡭
ȱﲩ𣿡
ͻȻ˵ΪǲŽĳǵģĳ֮ǰﲩᡣ
ʦ֯ģÿٰһΣﲩᣬģǳƴ󣬽ʱ·صĳֱˣЯչס
һЩֵǵƷṫͻһ£ʱ򣬻ּƷҩķϡвϣϹŴУѪ⣬鱦ȵȣ
ﲩĻңͨõԪ⣬ʦĹ׻ˡ
׻֣ʦᷢеͨûң·ͨûԪĸá
Ϊ׻֣ʱܹʦһϡƷԪȴδõҪĶ
μӱﲩˣֻҪõóʦмֵƷʦᶼƷļֵһĹ׻֣ϣЩƷָֻҪ׻ֵģԺܶμӱﲩߣһĹ׻ֱá
룬ıﲩϣܸ򵽼ϡϡ
ڣ뱦ﲩỹһʱ䣬һ׬㹻ĲƸʱ򣬲Ųڱﲩ׽⡣

ʼٻͬʱоƷķĽʱ򣬶ǼʥأȴȻó˾޶͡
ļڰʦʮڻ֣ƽٻֻҪоɹǼʥأеĺڰʦɹҸй׵ĺڰʦ޶
ȻǼùģֻǷ˺ڰʦ磬ǼʦʦڰʦҲһĹϸϢҲͨʦһЩϢ֪֮ͨ
ƽٻǼʥأѾҪ˰
ĹᣬеʦϢг֮ɫô˵˳ɹΪǷǳʵ飬ˡ
٣غ˥սƤʲôٻҪ۾ʮһţһǧžǾڣǼʥؿ֧ģһٻսʿͻֵֻܳõ
ԼˣǾپ٣ǲȡͷʽҲ޶ȵĽʡƽɱ
֮ǰ˵ʦԣ˸͵
ЩʦԭûиǼʥرܵһ֪֮һʮʮ٣ܿʦﴫˡ
һΣӣ֪ȻƷܻӼ߰ߣƽķƷµķѲ
ıƽˣǼʥؾ׬ˡ
ʦ˵浱ǰûȻǼʥҪ͵󵰸⣬Ȼܶ˵ۺ졣
ҲֻۺѣǶʦƽķһףûκλġ


1615 ƻƲ
йǼʥصͣܿʦᴫˣſڵɨصĴ趼֪ˡ
Щרձܸоʲôһ㣬ЩûҪȻŶ֪ôˡ
Щ飬ȻҲĶУû⣬ٻʱûʲôרαϸСģ²⣬ЩڰʦƽٻķĻϵߣģ֮׺֮Ч
ȻΣҲ޷ƽ
ٻĻڡ
ЩʵԽԽǿҲԽԽ֣顷ãԼڵõġ顷ֻǲоˣ֪ʲôЧ
Ҳʹڴ֪·ˣУֻЩʲô
ЩͷܿͲȥ룬ʼרĻٻ
һʱֻʮٻ
ϡΪĵ˵ĻⶫͲֵǮˡ
ڣԾʮ׻ֵĹ̶۸񣬽ٻ۳ȥÿóڶʱڱһա
棬ٻȴһٶļ۸񣬶ҹӦ
ÿֻٻԽʡ´ʱ䣬Ʒķĸ졣
ʱţתۼ䣬¹ȥˡ
µʱȻǧ׻֣Ϊ˸ƷķҲ˴ϣвʵϺ󣬱빱׻ֲ򵽣ⷽ棬ͻ˰˰׻֡
ھ뱦ﲩᣬоŸµʱ䡣
ȴֻвǧ֣Ƹһʢ˵Ǳˮн
ʣµʱץʱ׬ˣʱϡϳ֣ȴǾͺĪˡ
ܻķҲãݸķҲãҪһҲȻʱнУʱķŤ
Ҳ˵ֻоŸµʱ䡣

ʱʦרĹ̨֮ǰʮַꡣ
Щ죬ΪǼʥصĺڰʦᴫŵλʮΡ
Ȼ˵ǼʥƽٻʦëǮϵûУΪܶʦݡ
ţžӪרҲࡣ
Ǽ칬ķչʹѾеעٻƽϣŵ񣬴ߵҲôˣһЩϢʱ
˵ôǼʥصƷַһαը˵ը˺ö󷨡
һ䣬мʦһߺȲ裬һСš
űʵǿ󣬶ãǳǵݡ
ǼʥصƷҷ˱ը
һͣȻû˵£û˸
ըΪʲôҪá֡أ
ٺ٣ΪǰʮͷǰͱըһˣҪȻΪǼʥظ￪ʮ͵ۣټڰʦΪƽٻΪ֮ǰǳһƽ⣬ʧˣǸʱҾըһˣǵڶΣ
㶼֪
ȻһѣڰʦģȰΰѾϣҲûɶá
ԭˣ
Ϣֱںڰʦڲʮа˾ˡ
û뵽û뵽׻ٻôоģӵƽŶӣôڰʦ룬Ȼûܳɹǲ̫ˣ
ԭʦĳԱ˵Ǽʥطʮ͵ƽٻЩͬΪоĳɹҪ˼ԣȴôҲû뵽ôǿƽݣʲôûҶըˣ
ףٺ٣㲻ҪΪСĴƺԳһɣǶͬи󾳽ʦʦɽ»Ϊ·ʦ̩ɽλܺǼʥҲһʦǼ칬ĹҪ
иǿʦ£û˻ɡ
˵УΪż֮Уõĵرѧɲš
ȴܣҪʦְֵḶ̌⿴ûκ塣
ˣԼվ˵ûʦѧɲţš
ʦҲ츳ߵף֪ʮǰõƷʦʸ񣬶ʱʮ꣡ѦϡճϵŮӣǸһڿ˳ģɼرһƷʦ
֮Ȼ˿ʼʷˡ
ҲͰǳԲһӵĹ䣬ȡƷʦʷ
ڳʦϢǴסˣǳΪƷʦʱ򣬶Ǽˣ
ЩˣǼʥأҲǾȡƽ˼ҵоɹѪ޹ˣһȺˣµʱ䣬ž׼ʵ飬һǱը
ʧ˶ٷʵ֮ǰûģô˸е˼飬ɲǵ֮츳ϣڶܳΪʦĸ᳤ˡ
ȻˣʱûƳһʵ飬ںḶ́ƿزסˣߣķṹͿƲסˣ˵ʧ߰˸󷨣̡
߰˸󷨣ǵöٻѽ
˵ʧ˵¶һŵı飬ͬʱ˰˸ָ
ǧ򣿲ԡ߰˸󷨺̲ôˣܲǡڰɣ
ʦһۣӶԷп֮ɫ
ûǰڣеĿ֧һʧʧ󷨣ʵݹĵĲϣķѵĸֳɱȵȣǸѹƳֻ֣ٲ࣬ȻʻֲǼʥ򵥣Ҳȥ٣̶ġ
⡭ʵ̫ˡǼʥػˣ
ǿɲǣҪǲĵĻȥ࣡Ѿ׼˳ˣо£óĽǣٻƽģԭǣߵɴ⣬Ǹ
ʦԽ˵Խ𾢣ͬʱҲԽԽеغͿ¡
Щۣȴ
鶼ʦˣǹ췢飬ȴûеõκϢ⵹˵ܲҪΪǣȽϴ漰ε飬ܲƻңû˵ϸϵ
ȻǴӱ˿вŵ֪˷ƼƻƲ£ⲻò˵һˡ
뵽Щ˵ĸо
ƺ⣬ҲеԼ
ֻǼӹȥ֮ܲǼһʱǼĪǡ
ĶǼݣˣȴȻһǼʹģҲ˵ԭʹˣѾְˡ


1616 
ЩûϢųɵʱ䣬ƷķĹơ
ĽһƷķĹԭĻҪ౶֮ǰȻƷķۻǽӦõʵ֮УкܶҪ
ʱſ
ΪСħɣǿ֮ȴ֣ſվš
ţһԸ˵װĲϣճһħģؿڴ򿪵ӣ롣
ŵװû䣬ȴ仯̫ˣǰٵĴһ˿Ϳж񣬶ڣȴһ𾴣Ǿη
ʲô𣿡΢΢һ£ŽĹңʼһƬ
Ҳ⣬һطԥһ£˵ֹӣ֪֮ǰǼʥҪٻ
Ŷ
Ӧһûʲô鲨Ȼأ
ֵȻŴиܵһǿţƺжǼʥ֯ĴģƽжûһĵģʣԼٻоԵţǼʥصӡӵʸûУֱӽǼʥˡ
ǡʧˡεĿڵ֪Լ㲻˵Ҳ֪˵
Ŷ
ĻشȻѾ֮С
ֹӣȻ֪е֪ܣǡұҪ˵ҲҪһʹ׻֣ô
˵ż˵ȥ
ܲǱߣոոҴǼҪչǧٻΪˣܲԸ֧ʮڹ׻֡
С˵˵䣬һֱעɫ
һ֮ǰյǼʱˣɵƵоƻˣڲ߼չʲôȥˡ
ʣƤ̸еҲֻϣһӻ
ȻôأΪǼʥصĵӣο̨ˣռЩϵ
űð°ܲǼǣԼ취۲ʲôֶΣ໨ʮڻ֣ٶˣܲܲ𡣡
۲ȡʲôֶΡȴµûš
һŮˣɫ֮⣬ܲȡʲôֶΣ
쿪żɽֱӵİܲгûκּۻ۵Ŀռ䡣
ӦӦĻѵô
ƽĶۣòһҲԼԿɹؼǣǰŻɣԼҲӡ
Ļ̫ûˣ
ʮڻֵĽܶ΢΢
൱ʮһš
ǧţԼҪܳʱɣҪϵﲩῪʼˡ
ǵõıֻʮڣϵġ
뵽΢΢ü
üͷһǮǿԳġ
õٻϲϡҲûǮı䲻ʲô
ʮ̫ˡ
˵
һܲ߼۸ˣ
ڣǼʥصԴȷʵ̫ˣϴʵʧܣǼʥѩϼ˪
ҪܴӦңֻҪӼۣᡣ
˵䣬΢ţоԼЩš
ôһֱԸˣģȻԵİΧ֮䣬ݶˣǽ죬һ仹һСܵǰȻˡ
ִһʾζĻŲ֪ôģͷһȣ˵ˣĸоΪˣ벻ҪһĻ̸Уܺѽȥˡ
˼˺һҪʮڹ׻֣˲ڱﲩ㹻ʱ
۸񣬲ʲôܸ֯
룬˵ҿ԰ʮڻֵļ۸񹩳ǧٻǡһǾҪһǼʥϢڹ׻֣Ϊһꡣ
ûԶĵˣֻԶ棬ΪǼʥͼƽԼٻһϣҧŲš
ϾһԻôʵĹ׻ֻ֣ͨǼʥء
ⷬһҲ֪ʲôоҪֻϢѡ
ĻǼʥؿܻӦ
ǼʥȻڵԴ׽⣬ѺһЩĻŪһЩ׻ֵġ
һܲġ
ãڿʼٻÿ½һͬʱѹ׻֧ҡ
˵䣬վѾڳͿ͵ļˣʱǳ
һ£ȴӿһɴܸУԼôܻӭô

ȻǼʥؿļ۸񲢲ߣܹμӱﲩʽҪ
ʼûûҹĹ
ĹУˮƽ⣬Ȳš
ºԼĳƷٻר
ȺˣԶԶĿ첽ӭ
׻֣׼ôмƣ֮ɫȻļСħɵĲ̲Ҳ޷ˮһٶȡ
Ϊ˸֪ķեԼǡľͻƣܲǿȵĹ
ЩⲻȥæѾ׼ˣһֹӽǶʮٻҲһˡ
š
˵ĵͷֽеٻ˹̨ϡ
һÿһǳʵ
ôٻһǡţ
һʮţһһٰʮš˵
źûһڿˮЩģ
ǣô
ûû⡭
ſоĶߺˣֱǸʮһٰʮţƽһʮţ
Ҫ֪һʦķ̣ϴķƣںϡ
еһ̣󷨸Ļôʱ䣬Ʒķĵڶ̺͵̣Ҫһʱ
һķҪʱ֮á
ÿһţĵúҪϢһʱ䣬һţʦƷķٶȡ
ʶ֮ǰѦͷʱ򣬲˵һ컭ţ׻ֵˡ
һķѾǳǿȵĹˡ
Ȼʮţͨʦ
һֻʮʱһʱһţϢģܲԾ
׻֡ٴ˵
ŶáõġżæŮѹ׻֧
˵˾ߣʮĸǿȹȷʵ̫ƣû취Ҫʱ䡣
ǧķҪµʱڽɣ


1617 ˫
ʱţ
ͬһ֪ƣĻһ㣬ÿɵĹĿࡣ
ÿɺԵʱתľ
ľΪһ׶䣬ʺϵľȫľʱľҪԼޣǵʹ࣬ɱľƣŶˡ
ոһգ֣ǿ÷ɿ죡
һʼһʮķȫˡ
¹ȥ֮һƵķﵽʮţֹȥ£һԻƳʮķ
Ҳʹãһαһζࡣ
ۿһһÿ¶ٻԽԽʱŴһʼľϰΪɴ඼ľˡ
³
һξó˶ٶʮٻ
ʮٶʮƷķŶ֪ʲôˡ
ˣѾȫɣһһٶţ
еķ͵ǰ֮ǰ˳ļ顣
ǧһٶٻûһŲдƷȫʱһʼӦǶʮٻֻò
ʹôձﵽϡҲΪļԽԽ죬ƵٻȻԽԽ
һķˮ׼֣ǧķȫɣǾͿˡ
ˣܱͨϵٶȣ
ŸеϢǣֳǿȵĹȻһֽµʱ䣡
еƣֱۣÿοʱ򣬶ܴϸܵص͸֧һˣҪˡ
ȴһֱ
ԴˣţǼ칬ҲûƢˣԭΪǧķôҲҪʱ䣬ٶˣҲ֪֮ǰƽٻжʧܣעõġ
ٻżȻǸ
ֹӣıꡣŽһöƿһǧٶ׻ֵϣǵĽףҲˡ
ȻǼ칬Ϊһٻ˾޿ӦģǰȡõսҲǳ
һٻضʹ÷ҲֻǼ칬ĵӣͨʹ÷Ƕʮʥһ𷢶ٻҪݱܷâ
лл
ù򣬸֪һɨȷûʲô֮󣬾ʹصԼСʱŽסֹӣһ¡
ţ£תͷš
ڿһЦֹӣžôôÿζȥҴңƺ¼أ
ֹӣģ֮ǰǧٻֹѾˣֹ֪ӻûȤǼǼʥأǻʮһŵļ۸񣬼չֹٻ
ǧٻǼʥضԣҲá
֮ǰֻǧţΪǼʥΪҪúܳʱ񣬶ʱǼʥغսʥ֮ս˵Ҳˡ
ڿô߲ٶһǧţǼʥҲԵȥ
ǸһҪܾίУûаѻ˵룬˵£һ鴦꣬ʱһῼǺǼʥصĺ
ã
ܹõĻشѾǳˣӡУǷܵˣȻ֤˵飬Ǿ֤ⷽȤ뷨
һǧ׻֣ʦĲר
һһǧֵĸֲϣаϡƷ֣ͱ硰ˮܻʵֹʵ뵰СһžҪ׻֣һš
ôϣصԼҡ
Ѿ߼ƷңңռһС㳡һӦȫԼϡ
ʱܾŵĺίУΪƷķĸ죬Ѿؼʱ
㣬ڱﲩῪʼ֮ǰѡƷķɸ칤
ķһΪ
ǻ档
Ϊлĸ쾭飬
ǵڶķͿˡ
һƷķ
ԭҪƷķʵһöƷķȴ·Ϊġ
ֽ˫
Ǽµ˼˫һķУֲͬԵԪ֮ӵ£Ԫ֮ͨ棡
˫һĹķ֪еƷķУ˫ܣƷķǰһЩƷķ
һɹ˫ֵ
Ȼ˫ȴ̫ľԡ
˫ѶȺܸߣͬڱ굽µҪںһŷֽ֮вף㲻ãֱӱըˡ
ǶƷʦҪһ˫ҲҪСŪʧ˲Сը󷨣ŪԼǲܡ
һԭṹͲѶȼ˫ҪѶȣǿ֪ˣ
ʱ֮Уȫ
վ֮УȫעǰߴƯų϶ɫġ
ЩϸСģÿһö̺ſֲκһϸСṹ˲ᵼޱصĺ
Ҫ֪ƷʦķһŪ󷨣ҪʦԼ⸶
Ϊԭ򣬺ܶඥʦڰ˫͸ʹ˫ϼѣһ˫ʮټ
Ŀڤ񣬴ʱ˿̣һӰ֡
а֮


1618 а
а֮׻ʥа֮ѹеɵϸСޱȣȫûһ˿һʧصļ
һƿеı졣
׻˫ط򣬼ﵽ˵⾳ż׻˫޵ߣԭ֮٣ҪﵽĳɾͣϼѣΪа֮Ķй
ϰٸɵϸСģɫأĳٶȷǳʱһϸС֮ͻܳʱ䣬ϵݣѰѵĻƷ
ڼͻ֮Уʱȥˡ
ͷϸСĺ飬а֧֮ţҲܳʱһٶϸСġ
ҧ֣һʱȥǿһʻ֮ѾＫޣټȥˡ
һʦ龰ôǰû깤ķѴ㲻þҪըԲ⡣
һǰһٶϸСͬҹеөһͻȻɢа֮Уе׻֮а֮ˡ
Ϣʱ䣬ɢһɶ
ƽһɲǣѾȫѵ̱ʯϣĸǿݹ̣ʵǿʦ͸֧ζܡ
һŵҩʼϢ
Щ죬ϵظÿ죬ơݡֱľظ֮ݡ
֮ǰµǧĲϣڲϵšֲϲΧõһѻš
״̬߻ħˡѾȫ֮У֪ҹ
֪䣬µʱȻš뱦ﲩеԽԽˡ
˫ϣʼվͲôһ㡣ƽʱ߾ȫѹեԼǱҲʼδܽһ㹤ɡ
ʱѾҹڰ˸󷨵Ĺâվ̨֮ǰȫעĻ˫
˫ۣѪ˿ָĲţȻƳÿһϸСģȴޱȵľ׼
ѾƳ߰ʮϸСģ߰ٶϸСĵĽṹ
Ȼڽ߰ʮĸϸСĵʱȴо׻ƵĲЭƷķĸ챾죬κϸСĲЭ֮ۻᵼķĽ֡
һβ׷һ㣬Ѿ졣
죬ϵѹեԼĸɷǳ
ȷе˵Դصĳǣһʱʱ޿̲״̬жȹ
ʦǸ߹ְҵȻʱҲΪķƣȴûĸʦὫһԼƵ̶ֳȣϰ˸߹ƽʱǵĹҲųжȣ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
һ㡭
߰ʮĸϸСģѾԻ˼ʮ飬ûܻãÿһΣĲ
ôȥѾӽ;ƿݡ
ˡ
һоҰ߰ٶϸСģ
֮ṹ÷ǳȶôȥըпܡ
ݳĽṹѵˣ
ͷһɴܸӿļ䣬ҪƷķѶȼ˫ʮǿ˫ĻмƣҲ⡣
ޣѾ޷ټ֣ɢ˿ϸСĵЩԼƳķģȫɢ俪а֮С
⼸֪˶ٴ˫δɵṹȫа֮ˡ
ЩȻʧܵƷõϡĲϣЩϣ׻йأؼɵľ
ĵвϻɹ׻֣ǧˡĳɱһƷķ˵ԷǳĿš
ôȥò˶ãԼĲϳɱͻڡ
еа֮գѾĴԭϢʱʮһĻˡ
а֮ڲ֪ٴ˫׻֮󣬾Ȼʼٶ
ǣ
һԭƣΪа֮ɢ˴롣
Ŀа֮ޱȾ׻£ϵ֦Ҷ
ǰа֮ĽһΣа֮ò֮࣬ϣǸֳһЩ·
һۿЩ·Ǵ֯ĵơ
а֮ԭ׻֮յķҲƿа֮ϣЩ򣬾ֳ
ǡ
һ
а֮һĹڹ׶һöаӡ
öаӣһʲôòͬͬķ򽽹ͻ᳤Ȼͬа֮
а̺֮֡ԴҲ̺˾ٵĻ֮׺׷֮Сħɵ֮
һлֲ֪䣬ͨ˫ƿа֮ϣʹаֳ֮һεķ˽
һа֮Ѿȥ̫õʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ʵߣа֮Ѿ̫ټ˫ˮɵ˽
а֮Ϊ̤֮·һֱĹйǿģȴߣҲǷһ׹
Ϊֹа֮Ѿ֪ٴڹؼʱ򣬾ȹڵʽǵĻҲа֮
һΣа֮Ľ
¸굤ҩֻ֮ǴϢ˶̶ʱóֽϣٶս˫Ļơ
һˣͶ뵽һУǽǳĿ¡
һΣƵ߰ʮĸϸСģϲķ֣Ϊа֮ԭԼƿصṹһΣԲȻûдﵽţڶ̶֮ڣ˫һѹع
ʱ˫ﵽ

űﲩٽĳЩԽԽַߣ˷ϵĳǡ
ĳǵıﲩᣬ·ʮ˵·ǰشͽʢˡ
ÿʱĳǱƼӢۡ
ĳҲſǱ׼츳ǷʦֻҪб㹻ĲƸԽĳǡ
֮ǰʥǵĹ涨ҲڱﲩڼȡĳǲΪǼʥأԼ棬ҾʥϸҪڸƼıﲩʲôˣҲǸܵ飬Ҫֽ֪׻ᣬ𶼿֣ܳһЩҪĶ
ʱ뱦ﲩỹһ£ĳеľ¥ѾסˣһЩ¥ס޼۸񣬶ᵽԪһǮס
ܶ˲ѣóסĳǵĳ⡣
ڱﲩڼ䣬סĳжݵλı־ˣûеλҪûᡣ


1619 ﲩ
ĳǵıﲩᣬʦֱĵٰ̻졣
ĵ̻ȻԣʵϣʦĲϲֿ⣬׻ֵĶ֣ʦ̡ҵĵ̻㡣
ĵ֣ľĳǣǲּҵġ
ʦĵ̻Ϊ˹Ͻľ޶ƲϾϵ飬Ҫרžͨ˵ʱһʦûʱ䣬ҲûЩʱ
ڱﲩݱٰʱʦƷУ̨̱ǰ£ɫ԰ףȫƣ
ȻʱУȴ˷ܵĹʡ
ڸղţ˫ĸ죡ɹ˵һųƷ˫
Ľ˫ȡһ֣һǳϣҲǷǳ֡а
֣ȻΪܳɹƸĽ˫ȫа֮׻ơ
аĳɹ˼ĳɾ͸кС
˴ʱ䣬ľѪɵļƷ˵ĿǰƸķˮƽˣ
պܳһʱ䣬̤Ʒʦ֮ǰԼѳԽεĳɾ͡
а̣޸пܳɹҲΪһЩԵɺϣټа֮Ľʱ˻أһΣûбȻɹİա
ųƷаһа½ǣдһ֡֡
Ʒơ
а֮⣬һŸĽ
ĸƷķж㲻óڣٷ棬Ϊٻ֧֣ûкķѶ
ͬ½ǣдԼϡ
ʱСħɡ
Լһ٣ԼСħɣһȥﲩῴ
ȻҲΪ֮̽̽·

⼸յĳǣ÷֣ݡ
洦ɼʥЩΪģǲҵ˵׼оһǰ벽
ﲩڼ䣬Ȼ˵ǳһʱѹϷ֮ǰֱֳΪ˸ԼıƣμһʼĲᡣ
ڲϣԼıңʱһüǮ
ܶණڲڼͳɽˡ
εĿȷѲݺ֮ǣߵԶ裬ʦĲֿС
ԭûȨ޹ôĲϣһʵڱ̫ۣʦᣬû˲֪ʹĵλѲͬն
ټϣ֮ǰɱ˼еѹ׾ȫ޳׸ʦᣬͨЩߵԶĶһȨ
ĳ֮Уоƺڵˣ̧ͷһпһ޴ԲνзԲӴޱȣ߸ĳϿգ
ȫʯɣչ֮£ҫǿҵĺâһ޴ĿгǱ
ԶԶȥԿܶͽнͬ޴䳲֮е۷һ
ͿгǱʦÿξٰ챦ﲩĵַڡ
ĳǴĵƤѾֿڲط̫
˱ﲩľٰص㣬ڿʡ
Сħɣеľͽ
뽨Ĵ֮Уɱǰĳסˡ
Բ˵ɣʵһ˵ĳУݺἸʮˣĳУվڸɽ֮϶һߡ
һݺĿгǱڲޱȿĿռ䣬ͷ·һһ㣡
ʱǰģһ޴ͨϰ˲ŷС
޴ͨߣα۴εĵ̣
ỵ̈йСͨк̣ܶΪ̫ԶԶԶȥһƬͬ䳲һ㡣
ߣͨзУԼȤĵ̣ͻ֮в鿴
ﲩڼ䣬гǱĵʮ̵ָܹ߰ģǴˡ
Щⲻ̵ģҲеطȥǾչ㳡
гǱĵչ㳡ݺʮʮ̯Ʒ
һʢᡣ̾
СħҲЦȷʵأ·ȻԶ󣬵Ƿ̶ȣҪ಻ٵġ
ħʼ칬СħҲˣܹƼôʥóô఺ıȴԶԶħʼ칬ܱˡ
λӣǵķ£ʵã͸ߵλС㣬ȥһɶˣ
Сħ˵ʱͻȻһŮڶ
תͷһȴСħˣ֪俿һרµĵ̡
֮Уһɫķ£Щ£εĶƷ
ֶ˻ǧ絤ǻݳƷʵϳҸǱĽ֪ԣ˶ٱƷ£ԣʵڲʲô
ƷһЩġ
ⷨʵôȤͻȻԼƺû͸Сħʲôҵķ£ȻƷʷ棬ôϣȴʮ־ۣСħϣһܺÿ
õġ
׿·ŮҲܿ˵õļ£СħЦһ׻֣ĲƲ˵ֻëëˡ
Сħɺܿĵȥ¼任ˣԣһÿ·ȻҪ͵ġ
λһ㣬ڱﲩϡϣȥҵý·ᣬ̽һϡϵĳλãԼߡ
ϡϣжϡ·ŮЦ绨ʵĳ׿̬Ⱥõ˼㡣
ǧϵġ
뾪ףֻ˵һǧʵĲϣۼ۶ġ
ˣ·ŮסС죬һһǧ׻֣òҵһЩĽͷϵƲҲһǧˡ
ǰӣһ־ҪǧֵĲϣ˲òࡣ
ЩƷڿгǱĹУЩ۹ڵģҪݣǧϵĲƸ
ŮЩηĿ˵һһſгǱĽṹͼ
лˡ
һṹͼԸطעĶʮϸǰĴæСħɷĹ
һȫبʯ죬һŴ洢ǧ׻ֵ򣬺˳ĽС
һվȫһˡ
Ҳ֮࣬УһŨҩ㣬ĵر
һڣϵҲǳߣֱɢҩĵҩۼҪǧˡ
ʱڴ˵ҵԼҪѲݺ֮ǡ


1620 鿤
λʲô԰ģ
Сħɽ֮󣬱һòŮӭĴǲͬ
Ҫһݹչ嵥
ɨһǰŮŮͳһװǵؿڣĵ̻ı־
ܿ죬Ůһöݵϣ̽еݣʱͻȻһݣһ̣һ֪ӹԼ
֪ǳΣǿ󣬸
üͷ΢΢ʲô̽Լ
ڸղŵĸ֪֮УܵһɭȻĸоԷ²⡣
򣬲ɫ֪ɨȥ̽еȺȴһʱ޷ȷ֪
ȻζţԷʵԼ֮ϣ
ʵǿѲǴ
ɻ󲻽⣬Ӷʮ֮꣬ĳǣǿһࡣ
ڼ䣬Լʲôңǰĳң컯ʥӡڤ֮ģͱɱˣɱ֯ӦҲûʱʮ꣬ɶԼţο붯ԼҪúõһ¡
оӦûעǣôϣͱ˶ˣ
ָ磬ôˣ
Сħɷ쳣ʵ
ûʲôڿ̽ңҾܸߡ˸ֵֻۣҪĳǣҲôע¾ˣġ
˵ţͻȻ۾һղΪǹɲѺõĸ֪ûôעϵݣһȻڱ嵥֮ϣҵ˼ԼǳȤĶ
һΪԼĶ鱦鱦ƲϣȻҪ֮ǣ
֮еѪҲãʮѵãϧƳ鱦۸ԭĲϣҪܶ࣬Ҳϡϣǿ󡣡
ֻ֮ҩٺõ鱦ҲҪϣ⵹ǿϧˡ
׼Ķʮڹ׻֣δعá嵥ϵĶвҪģʱϾͰѹ׻ֻˣöǲ̫ϧˡ
һ£ԼĶʮڹ׻֣Ǳ׽
̫ȱ׻ˣ
ɶȥ֮ǵƷʡ
õģСħĻش˾һԼĳзȥ
뿪֮ھ˵زԶһϢõż䣬沼˾󷨣һ̽顣
żĵ棬һ̫޵ëƤ̺̺֮ϣһΧżŮƷ衣
һòŮڵ̺֮ϣΪ裬Ĳʮ־տ
βŸڻ裬ʮһܲժһΣʮĵرϷͷȼƷڻ裬Ǻò裬ʻ֣û׻
˵һӣͨȥǷеһ㣬һΪ˿ǳ
ߣżŮ⼸ˣƷ£ͷڣʵʲȻ˽ܣ⼸ˣȴ˵Ϊ
ڲΧ˼Ů֮⣬һȫŶߣȫɭǳء
ϣôƺ¡ӿڶߣ΢Ц˵ôõĲ裬Ʒˡ
ûʲôһҲôĵˡڶĶ֮£Լܼһ˫ϵȴϬӥ۾
ڶߵĻɽüһʲôˣûϲģ
ٺ١ڶǣɭЦһ֪ðСӣһſʹõƷķٻ¿ûϢɡ

ԣڶƺԸ֣ñΪ¿ӹһЦϣ㻹Ϊ֮ǰƽٻʧܵ鹢ڻϿǺڰʦĵһˣƽʧܣԹûϣҹ⣬Ǹе⡭
¿ζ˵ţǰŵĺڶߣǴǰƽٻʧܵʦ
ʦֻ֣Ϊ֪ˡ
ʦٰıﲩᣬ·ʢ֮һΪʦȻⳡʢᣬָⳡﲩУԵϡϺ
ȻڰʦȷʵܶڼʦڰʦƲˣΪںڰˣμʦıﲩᣬҲֻܴϺصĶݡ
Сһ⣬¿˵Ҳ뵽ˡ
ʹ޶ˡ
ȻûǻΪٻڻֵ̣֮⣬Ҳ
ںڰʦ綼ʢһСûơ
ʦΪģЩʦǣڿЦ
ûˡһеù¼ͣʶһ඼ûţȴҲĪģһˡ
⼸רѼй鱨ڻӰУòʶһϳ
ٻ¿òᲦŪŲҶǷһ˿ȡ
¿ı飬һĲµʲô
¿ǿĴУ
¿һЦˣƺʱ䣬ӦһڲͬĴУ״УҺܿأܹĽҲΪ״еԭ򣬻ϴûнӴɣȻĴУƽʧܣΪ档
ԻϲˣشУ
¿˵ţɫÿһЩҲһС賬ֻ˵һгɾͣڴС
¿˵һɣϰһ״УһķķãֻǸ˻ȴû̫ļֵƷķٴҲƷѡ
״зϣʵЩˣϣȴܷӸЧ
¿˵䣬Ŀо˸
һٺЦ¿ϷҲõСӵĴУֻһʵǿʦû
˻Ļ¿ΪЦһʦҲɣһԴ˵ʦᡢǼʥأҵǶ˵Ҳֻ鷳һ㣬㲻ʲôġ
¿˵ʮţҲŵʸʵȻֻǽǱһ
𡪡죡飡
󶥼ֵܣʧ٣ȴ̤񾳣ӴҲ񻰣
˵¿վ˵ߣϸһȥˣ


1621 ֮
СħɣڷŮ֮£˿гǱش
ĵ棬Ȼ͸ˮˮûһ˿ʣȥĴڡ
ˮ·յģˮϣɸ߿֮УͷͿԸӺޱȵĳǡ
ЩΡĽСһ㣬ֵϵˣȴϻС
Ǹһֽĳǲڽµĸо
ǰǸӣԼ鱦չˣҪ棬Ľ׹Ŷ
Ů˵գһݸšﲩύ֪
ɨһۣϸ˼ʮ򣬴žԸƽףһ򲻿ɷڣǿǿ֮ġ
΢ЦŽһٸ׻ӡŮؿڵĻϡ
һĻŮϲһСѣҪһнˮҪ౶
Ůϲȥ̤˸֮С
һչԼĸӣֻзԲʮɶѣڸ棬ֻǵʮ
עģǸӵ룬һɵһ̵ΩΩФ·Ҫһ㡣
֮УһУеΧӳ󷨣ֻǴɨһۣʹ¹󷨵ǿ߶ʱڶ俪
Ȼ󷨣ܹĸо֮еУһǿǹȵѪ֮ľ
ûв´֮У֮ƶɵԼ
ּı鱦˰ɡȻ۸񲻷ƣ
Ͽϻֻһ߼Ҳ˵ԼҲһ̡߳
һ֮ǣԴﵽɳȻһЩطȴԽŨ
統Ĳ֮ǣͱĽˮط
һƹ۾
ȻᣬΪҲߣƹһҲСܹκ˶СƣˣΪǱվŴ
λӣԼȤ
ƹλվ΢ЦΪڣֻǿظӵˣıﶼˡ
óôĸ֪󷨸⣬޷̽е龰
ƹҡͷʵڱǸˣԼУҲòģʲôֻ濴ĽףҪһºܿʼʱ򣬹ȻһĿˡ
š΢΢ͷıظҲ֮УԼƷ鱦ô
ûҼһؾ̽еõģʱĴؾգǲĽʮˣҼ˼Žҵ֣ƹԼʱ򣬻ɫ
ǲɣһ鱦ؾʮȥ̽
ԼļֵĻԪ֮ţԪȻǲ˵㣬Ҳ̫ࡣ
һºĳɽ۸񣬶Ȼʮף
еԼĶʮڻ֣ԶԶˡ
ڶ̶һµʱ䣬ŪʵĻ֣ܱķա
Щϣֶǿ
һΣһβ֪ҪȵʲôʱɵȲ
ǵļ۸񣬿͸¶ôƹ
ڻûģӦڵʮ֮䡭
ţ֪ˡƹ˵ļ۸ûгϣճɽ۸񣬷һΪ档
λ͹٣ԼûģЩܶԿ͹ã翴Σ
ƹ˵ţڳܶණ
ܹеĶȻǷƷֻɨһۣͷ˺üֵ͸Ʒʵĵҩ
Щģһ
Ƿһ۾Ϳ֮ϣһķ
̳򴨵˵ļ䣬ķʮ˽⣬һ۾ϳһƷ⣬˵ӽƷķΪ
Чǣסһ˵ϢʱˣͿ⴮ͨţֻҪһλ棬⡰ƿ̵ܽϢʹһ㣬ԶԶκδܹġ
Ȼ˵ƷķֻͨһãͨЧֻضˣʶƷķòټõϡϣɱ߰ʹúʦȥ
żʦѲСľһǶҪҪĳһҪˣֻҪһλ棬˲ʱԷλá
ڵƷûƷʦ磬
򴨵ˣҲ
⴮ԣǷǳá
СħɴϣĻСħʱ֪ͨСħɵһԽտá
֮ͨܽУôһʹãʱҲԹעСħħʼ칬ľˣᵣСħɵħʼ칬У᲻ᱻħʼʲô˿̶
ô
͹ۺСǧġ͸˵ۺʱεأʱϵǧ򡣡
ƹ˵ţֺõĿһСħɡ
Сħǣ˵Ҳ̫ˣǧһֻͨŵ
СħɵĻƹЦǺǵ˵λǱģɶʵŶ
ǵ֮ǰġﲩύ֪һһнױʵۣڹÿƷ֮ǰĵ̻רʵǷֵ
ľ飬һǧġҲȷʵֵ۸ȻСɱܸߡ
˵ˡ
˵䣬óһǧĻַľôƮ˳
ָһ»ҪءСħɼæסĸ첲
ľǧҲûʲôãˣԺ϶õϡֱӸ˻֡
ǧ֣ƹüЦ
ոսӵ⴮ûõʱͻȻһǧģ֣ƹģæŽף⴮ҲȤ
һתͷȥµŮŮϵ£ʽͬȻͬһ
ЩŮԱߣһȫںڶߣǳ⣬ϣĸܵһɭϢ
ɭϢһʼ뽻״ܵϢͬ
ˣ̽ң
üͷһ壬ԺʵûڶߵİӡӦǵһôԷΪʲôԼ
ںڶĻܵĿ⣬¶һ˿ЦݣӺڶ֮£ֻܿϵǣʮɭ


1622 ѹ
ߺӵ˲䣬бһָоԷ֣ǳǧġģǳԼġ
ɫĬĬĿǰ緲һӣǹĺڶˡ
ƹģҸղ˵ǧҶһǧļ۸Σ
¿˵䣬۾ƳߵһŮӡʦãҪˣ͸ʦɣϺһƯˡ
¿ߵŮȷʵǰ͹̣
¿һԼôһͣģԭ¿ˣ¿ļ֮㲻̫ڣ¿Ҳû͹ôĶԼ
ģ
ʦϲ֮ɫ
Ȼġ¿Ůӵգ̶תǷһ˿ζЦ⡣
Ȼǿ⴮ֻ̽
Ҫ̽Ը̽ҡ
ʦ񣬶Ļٻ֣ԣëëꡣȻ¿иʦĿԼͣȻȴҪһ£ﲻġ
΢΢üû˵ƹȴһӽסˡκƷкôɽ۸ߵĻô࣬Ȼϣ۸ߵ¿
ʱʦҲʾĿ⿴СħɣƺΪԼһ۷˶˼ԽС
СħֻЦһ񿴰׳һ¿ʦһۣ޹˼ɵ˵໨һǧ˼һԼ͵ԼǮ࣬±˲֪ԼɵƵ񾭲ѡ
СħȻ֪Ǻ¿Ϊʲôֱӽһ˹Բжˡ
ʱ¿ɫһСħɵĻһûĸо
Сħתν˵ָ磬Ҫ͸ҶҲûʲôȤģ˼ǧ򻹲ӹҪһǧǼƷ
Сħܺã¿ϴķ£ܴ¹˵ңֳϲ֮Ķȱֲá
ȻҷҪ⡰ǧġȻĲƸҪڵϣȻĵطǱ˭Ǯ࣬Ǿɵˡ
СħɲŹ˵Ȼο
Ȼ֪Сħɵ˼΢΢һЦ˵µĶȻԸⱻ˶ߣοȷʵá
ָ磬ôСħһӡУôǵˣڴϱҧһڣܸܲҧ
ûϵ˰֡
ô˵¿¶˼ɫΪСħɸ̨׷⡰ǧġȴ˵ⷬ
˼ȻҲȤҾ͸һټһǧǧأ
¿ƵĿ
ֻǵһЦƹ
ʱƹ񣬶ͷЩ飬Ϊ˷ܣҲΪ¡
ֻһۺ͵ҩǿͻʲôΪϹܼңܹ̤ˣǷܸоǰȻͨһЩǵ֮
˭õĺôƫڳ۸ߵһ
ƹ񼷳Цݣɬ˵λ͹ٳǧˣǴ㡭
ʲôķһ䣬ָָƹлŵĻ˵ƺһ£Ҹղóǧ֣ѾˡѾˣ͸ҵˣҪҲɡ
˵䣬óһĶϣ֮ǰСġﲩύ֪
һʮġﲩύ֪˵ϻʱȴǳá
չصĹ
аԸƽףǿǿ֮ġһǣһ򲻿ɷڡ
ղţƹ֮Ľˡ
Ųæóһ¼̣ƹûӦҪʲôʱü¼̽ƹǧֵһĻû¼
㡭
ƹ˶ˣһʱ֪Ǻá
¿üͷһ壬㽻ôȻ˻֣ƺûõ֣Ҫ˵ʽףҲֻһɣ
𣿡ʱŲæóŴ¿ͻǷһ˿Ц⣬λôң֪ҵݰɣҲ֪ʦᣬϵϻûʲôģǻôöأ
ǿѹͷߣʦҲˣѦͷͷе㶺ȣʵ˶ʦʵĳϡ
ѦͷƽʱȻմˣ˵ʱȴԻ̣Լĵͷϻ˼۸
¿ɫʱѿ˼֣Ȼ֪ʦص˲ţ
һܹٻˣܲӣ
ﲩύ֪дģǿΥ׹ˣһңᱻύʸҲ֪ʲôˣʲôĳǣҪʦĹءִΥôչأҿǳǡ
ⷬ˵ʮֻȴһɲΥƣ¿޷
ƹߺȴ˲òһ£˵Ĳ˵Ļ˵ᱻĳǣʱ˹ɵ
˼˼
Ѿ֪ĵһνʧܣ¿ϵܿȥָֻŵЦݡ
ҵǿ㡣
ȻһС£ַҲ㲻ø⻹¿Ƕģ֮ǰ¿Ҳõﲩύ֪򣬵о涼˵ϻûϸ
û뵽һ̣һöϻƪǳԼʧܵԭ
˵ףҪϸģˣؾ֮̽УԸõΧĻ˵ʤ
Сħû뵽ڳһһЦ¶һСĸŮȻϲһֻǻƿŮѹ·ͷĸС
һЦ˵˵ǳڵĻﵹǿԿǵġ
⻰СħȻ˵˵ġ
ڡٺ١¿һЦԭͲҪһǧġȻܰ׻ڸǮ
ƺȱǮ
¿ζĿСħɣӸղСħɺԼ۵һ㣬Ͳ³ڵľ²á
ʱ򣬻¿Ԫ˼䡣
¿һǷһ˿ЦݣԭˣҪԼ
ˣõĶҲһԼ⡮ǧġʵۣռ˹ƣӮңԼǹƽҵҪʱʲô
һʼø֪̽Ȼ֪Ҫ֮ǵ顣


1623 
ԼһݣȻƽԺȴͷתԾ׽ӵĻ
ǵһһСңƺ̽ҡ
ǣһȡ·ӴıﲩϣּƷҩķ鱦Ȼǰ
˵ڴ˿̵ıﲩϣ繷ʥߣдĽһЩ벽ﶼпûȺһˣԷǱǿ
һ֮Լ׼۶ҪϵĻ֣ɲһܹļ۸
ǰͻȻðӺͺߣָҪԼԼȻҲǳ
Щˣ·󣬻ûʲôҡͻȻðˣڴָԼʲôڣ
˼Ϣʱ䣬ûʲôͷɴཫЩͷ׳Ժ
ͷ̫ʢԵʣҪԼô
ƳǺڶһۡϤζʦζ
ˮڣЩ˼̽ԼĲԲаı֣ĻһԷԼ֪˿̲ߣȵ˲ʽʼʱ򣬶ԷԵĳۣԼ䲻
ҲҪԼ˫ĿĮȻƤ΢΢̧𣬵ȻĿȻߣĿȴһڱصõζ
¿۾ˣֱӭĿ⣬ǹճһ˿ŪЦݣᣬܶණҺȤȤĶûеòġ
¿Ļ̺ͬķâ
СħԱ۲תĿⶤ¿ϡʵ˵⿤ûᣬ˵Ŀǿ˵ĲмĿ⣬̫ˡͽ˹ۿ˵͵
·ƱǿûпɽƸȻޡ
СħֻĹĵĹӣÿɱ˵Ŀⲻͣи¿ס
һºͻȻ䵭һЦĿƲĴ¿ͻɨ˵ԼԺ
ô˶е⣬û
һ仰Сħɵ֣Ȼȥתһɲǣü΢壬еͷʹȻ˸ģʱ±ﲩϣҪõԼĶеѶˡ
֣һҪŪһ֣
СûòȻҸа壬֪ߵغ񡣡λʦӿ˹ǰķӯ¿ļ򣬳屻˳ûСħɲмƳƳ졣
ǿƺһºڱﲩӮء
¿ɹŵ΢ЦӮңǲԶ
ղŵ̽УȻֵõˮ©ֱǸ¿Сħɣд󱳾ҷˡ
ԼҪʮڵĻ֣ôӴһʲƸΪ۹Ŀһóʮʹ
ĻûзϣĿȴһ˿ɭȻ֪ΪʲôղĿ⣬ǲһӣܲʹ졣
Сӣ̡˹ĿⶢȥıӰ˸
һЩˣĵϸܹԹԵİǷĴеܽǡǵöһ׼¿˼ĵ

Ρ׳ĳǣﵴص
һļů紺ůů䣬ƵĽи߲Ӱ
Уо崫һȣСħ˵ĿղĲ죬嵭˲١
ָ磬Щᡣڱﲩġ¶ǽˡСħ΢׵ʹϣȻоһķ᲻뿪
͵ǿˡݸ߹龫ֵŮһۡ
СħɺٺһЦϢһڵɱߣɱǡҵָ˵
ʼ򡣽˵ֻǸСûзϡ
⵹һºıﲩϣҪõԼҪĶ»кܶѡ
Ҫ׬Ǯ׼
һصʦᣬֱͣӳƷȥ
Ϊɹٻʦ룬ǽͷһ·ϵϹϾ衣
ţ
һƷſڣͿһϤٻӰվԱߵȺš
°ɫ۷µιճĶǵĻȣɢĺɫҫ˸Ĺ⻪΢΢ףǡôĽǶ¶ƯǣǰѩĹ֡
Ըеʣֶصζ
һŵ۾ˡѾȺ˺һ
ĿһƳСħ飬֪ΪʲôоȻӿһ΢΢Ķ⡣
ܿͽѹȥϸֳЦݣֹѾʱˡֹ֪ûʱ䣬Ҫһµķ
û˵꣬ѾСħɷһӹ
һ䵭Ļʱûա
ԭذΣŷֱմ򿪵Ĵһˡ
Цһô죿
Դóһٻ֮ǼʥضԽԽ߼ֵĶôƺӿϴθǿ
뵽һµķǼʥѾͷҪϼ¢µķ̽һ¡
ûеȻ˵Ļᶼ
ʵŵһһǰһ;ɥС
ˡʵǽյ߼ңűҧ´˼ת
ʵ˵û˼š뱦ﲩʽչֻһµʱˣĻֻ࣡
ǼʥʲôȻʱ׬Ǯ֡
ϣȫ˸ոзķĽаϡ
ķԶʤϴĸĽԻȡĻ֡
һͽһڤ״̬У˳ڶĻ롢С
ǰСħѾʮĽҪĽĲϣӶѻɽĸֲּ˳ķʯϡ
СħڸĬȣѾﵽһͨĵزҪʲôһһ˵׶Էʲô
Ȳ׼ȫͫﱬһƾâ˫ɣһ㵽ģʼСȡû̫е󷨡
Ȼ۸߰Ʒ󷨣ЩؼԵĲϣҲԼУΪаʵҪ̫ߣƷ󷨣ãֻЩǺҪĲϣŻ


1624 
棬Ƿڵҽɢİɫﵽһզĸ¡
еĹߣΪ¶ˮһŤ
⻹߼汾нĻԵʡ
ӴԴȻǵƬĲϡ
ʵ̫ˣüë϶һ㺹ˮ˪
Щӣûб۾ԽԽٽᣬòץһпõʱ䣬ûдĲƸ̵֧֣ܹΨԼѡ
ﲩϵҩ鱦ԣûһۣ
ԴԴָʳıӰӹȡҩҺ壬һĵտ̺ۡ
ÿһ̺·ʣɢ㹻˲Ļ
ÿһĵ򣬶Ҫ侫Ĳݼɣκһƫû˴˳ͻ´ը
ԭʦļ䣬϶⣬ϴǰļɣϷʧܵļѾܵͣοĽаѾ˳ɹľ顣
ķķݵһĿǰܹļ£Ŀǰܵõ۷ˮƽ
ҪٴγɹĽаߵÿһڵļޡ
ϵ׷ޣǺ۵顣
ַĸ϶ȺܸߣÿһַϸС·򡢷ĸļ˴˵Ƕϣܹʼαı仯
κһϸ΢ƫɷĵǱը
ҪȫĵͶ룬ÿһͷԼݵıϡ
ʱĸ߶ȼУڻľ޴ķǰĻ̶ȣȻΪƣͶˣ
ʦʷϣһЩʦΪһö׵ǿģֱ
öĽķϸ̶ȣ㹻һƷʦ
ԭоа˰ٶϵϣ硣ĸ죬ּһǧϸСĻģԼһӾϸ·Уиɻͨ
ֱӵȴǰӶ˼αľ仯ÿһ仯ҪӴĻݡ
˵쵱еˡǰüֲڣֻǼ򵥵ļ·߷
ĸĶǽԭӵе·ȫֲһ˵·
ļĶʦԻᾪףһЩʵ΢ʦǸ
ӵĸĶӴĻģֹݡ
Ƕйһɹľ飬ڴ֮£һʼһ·ϸ΢ƫֲƺ˳ͻ
ֱб˾޴ķ
ԱػСħɷӦ죬ֱúڰ鷨ɣ⧲֮üëͷҪյ롣
ǧŰʮߣԷʽỨͶ뵽еһߵС
ǣõĹ·һעһöС
ʱ˲Ϣ䱬ҫ۹âһķġ·ֽ⿪ѸٵɸոǣĻ·ϡ
ֹһʱ
ϳɵľ޴ģлһ·ںһ
˲Ϣ䣬еӿʧӰ١
ϳһöͼ׾ӡ˸·
öȥϡƽûһк
ʦһĻһ̾ΪֹܹһкҪƿصһĵزУеĻȫ
žણһκӱǼ⻬䣬δϣͱ
۾һ
СħЦ绨΢
öˡҪҪϢһ£۵Ŀ⻷ϡ
ݳһŵЦݣҡҡͷãһ¡ľͿˡ
ҲܰԼƵôݰɡСħֹһ䣬Ҳ֪Ҫȥһ飬κȰ˵Ҳûõġ
Ҳ֪ʱȣߵÿһΪպʥ忪ս׼
һ뵽Ժ飬СħϲĪȻ򡭡ʥ塭塭ԣƺһⲻĽᡭ
ˣʱյĴŴ
ֹӡԸжԴƵ
Сħɶʱü壬ͦͦ͹µ壬йĪĵ⡪һƯŮˣһƯŮˣǻײһЩ𻨡
Ҳüͷ΢壬ķʱ򣬲ϲܵĸš
ʲô£סƢʵ
Ǽʥصˣֹ֪ķ͡һ

һ΢΢һһʮصĸķҪرĻ꾧ʯϣضǵķС
ַİҲʵãƽֻһЩӽƷʦ߻벽𼶱ŻãΪҪƷʦˡ
ڴ˿̵˵ڤ롶ľǼ˷ʱݳ顣Ϊ䣬ʵѩ̿
ָԵķֻҪںϽھѸٻָ
ڣСħѾʮ֪ĽŴ򿪡
ĺһ£ܸôȴһ¡
˶кô£ɲܾ
һ򿪣һꡢƻζǶ˵Ļ죬һ˽
ǰһֱǴţرдһϮĳȹߵα¶ţǰΰ֮£һĨĶǵѩס
ߴµĶ֪ʲôˮĥɢɫ޶˵ӣɢ˵ζ
˫ƽһһİķ
ⲽʼձһ˿޵΢ЦǹƵ˫ɡ
ȻһĨǶոһöĽϡ
ʦôʱ䣬ʶ㣬һǽ深ӵǺӵϸ磬۾ʱˡķԲ򵥡
ӯӯһЦϵǰԱߵСħѾͷһűǽʵͦķΣ̲סĪһջ
С㣬зһ͵ķеæηǳл飬ǻסءСħɺĿģ޷ΪֺЩõĺôʲôǣǲŲġ
ʶСħȻȴζ


1625 ῪĻ
ſɲʡ͵ĵƣƺȫûСħɻͿ͵˼ֻǶЦֹӣǿ治˼֪зʲôķһ˵һ߸ӣȥöĽķ
˫ֳ̨زԭѩ׹֣֮󣬴Ŵŵİεӿ
̨ȫû뵽龰΢΢һ֮䣬ʵǲɱĽǰĴ⿴˸ջʦʦҪѪˣȻûӰȴҲȻȻĴһ¡
ʱţʵڸ̫ܿĿⶼûı֪ܿǺõʱͻȻ䣬һವĺȻǺڷȥ
ֻСħţȫǺߣѱٱ״̬Լ湴Ůˣֱˣ
оСħɵķŭһ˫̨ˣŹȷʵڳԸһķûʲôĻһץʱöһ˵ѩ̼飬ĳˡ
ҲǰʾͿˣΪСħɵԭҲΪȷʵ̫æˡ
Ȼһûкò׽ң̽һЩ鱨Ȼ׾ˣ̲סһŸĽ״Ϊ̾
֪٣һкԽǸ߼ʦķϳɷĵ·ԽӡɣкͻԽ١ʦķһֱ֡
ǰ֣ϸӦκкķ˵ĵѾﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
סĵľȣѾﵽĿĵų΢΢һЦֹӣҾͲķˡ
˶٣˫΢΢°˵գգֹӶ࿼һǼʥأĽպǣǮ
΢΢һǼʥҲϿͻˣҪҲǼʥصֻķʱرĴ㡣
Щһò죬ܹһῼǵġûаѻ˵Щǡ
⻰۾ˡֻҪ仰ȥ֮ǼʥҲнˡ
һ͹ȥսϴʣųеǼʥظ߲ļѹһֱȵܽ
ҲֻܽǱߡ
ǾͲֹˣʲô飬ܷԸֻҪܹģһֹӰ׵΢΢һЦͷȹŰڶȥ
ֻھСħɵʱĿ΢Ĳ𣬵ƳСħһۡ
СħҲɱ˵Ŀ⿴ǵһСɭɭĺ⡣
ŮĿһ·𼤵ǿҵĵâ
žһ죬źˡ
ŵĽŲȥСħ΢΢Ƴһۣɫһ㲻ΪűƯͬ͸ˮҵϢСħȴȫУΣƫ׿Լ񻡣
ŮˡСħ˰죬ͻȻ߷ߵ˵
һʲôû˵ıʡ
Ĵ£Ͷ뵽˸Ľа档
Щķһε̫ˡ
ÿһţķѵѪҲ߰˱֮࣬ͷʹǣʧʵЩˣ
һʼʧʼﵽ˰ٷ֮߰ʮһֻһķ
ǵ˰ºʧҲֻǽ˰ٷ֮ʮѡ
⻹ṩЧÿһ˥ߵʱһöѸٻָ
ʱһζš
չῪչǰ죬ҹߣһıըըķ£Ҳʹù龫ֵСħɣ϶źӡСݸ
㣬ҲʮöĽʮöа
峿ĳǣȴѾۼȺ
Сħɺһʦᣬշ˳ֱͬɻһ㣡
Ҳֻбﲩڼ䣬ĳǲ߷УΪﲩľٰ쳡ڿгǱ֮УԲŻ׳۵ĳ档
ӰĿгǱھԶһЩߴСϣ΢Թ
ȻǿϢһ£ǽһµ͸֧һЩ֢ڶȻţҫ۵ʹĤϲЩѣĿһӦ
ȷʵ˶ࡣǰ龰ҲԾȣôˣﵽ١
Сħɵ裬һη뱦ﲩĿгǱһΣʱĸо
ܹо˱ﲩ֮ǱﶼŨķ
һԵķķںϽ˳ǱʯСֻҪ˹ǱЩķԻᱬ˵ķԹ֡
۴αȵ̣һ涫Ŀϴȣö˲١
ƾŨҩζ֪澿˶ҩ
ǰһʱչ㳡ʱѾˡ
һ䳲ƵģڳǱľ޴
ǽǸС̫ҫ۵ӫʯΧеӰɵҫ硣
ڷ䳲İ˸ÿʮңһ޴Ļþӳ˷䳲еһ龰
ȻһᣬԱŵæµšȻŷ䳲Ϸɳ©ͣɳɳ죬аʱңҪʼˡ
յϢӽ𣬱ﲩĶᵱнС
ЩĶԶԶر
Ҫ֮ǱȻУѲҲмĿܣϾǶʦҪĲϣļ۸񣬺ʻ߽ʦ׷һ·ǣ
ŵʱͻȻһЦڴ
¿ҲˣǺǣСŮѹô󡣴뿤Ҫһĺá
¿
ЦϤѭȥȻͿ˼ˣ΢΢һ㶡ôһ
ſڴǼˣһȺ𡢽׳ޱȵĻǴӵš
Ϊ׵ļһȸ绪ŮˣЦȻʦλС㡣
СԱߵ꣬ʼմһ˿޵Ц⣬ƵĿⲻʱƮѲһŻŲƿ
걳ڵĸһźڶߡ
ɫֻźĻЦʱŸ¸µĸЦ˵ıŤ
Ǻڶߣǰﲩʱһһ١
ˣҲǱȻ飬ΪӣҲԴ˴౦ڱصá


1626 ż
ŵĻУǵһ֪ӵĳƺǡ¿
һ¿ĳƺţټŶӵ̬ȣȻĳĸ߲ˡ
һ˵ΪƣƵġ
֮еҪһⳤϡ̫ϳϵȵȡڣǿʦȵȡ
ûʲôֻǿߵĸϲá
¿ȻΪĸеԷѾﵽ˽ΪǽҲһսʱ
һܹƥнǿߣ֮ȴҲֻǸ֪ж
Ƕϵ
򴨵ļ䣬ԺеϢһ飬һЩпܵԷһңȴܿ϶
С㣬һΣרڻ裬ʮһժһΣʮĵرϷͷļƷò裬ЩӣҪң¥һᣬʱСɷһأ
᣿ڻ裿¿Ǵȷʵȥμأһ˫ͬһ㣬ƺȤȻΪԼҪڴӦʱȴ¶ɫһźϧı飬ϧأűǼ칬ʦִǼ칬ǰ߳ԽŲ뿪ֻźľܾ¿ˡ
žôۼľܾ¿ʮֳ֣Ȼ¿ȴ΢΢üǰǰ߰˴ȥң¥ȴžܾˣƫƫÿξܾɣȴʮֺӣ¿ë
Ůˣ治ʶ̧٣δβүӣ¿ߣǱ¿ΪʦáŮƲƲ죬Ԫ˵ŵĿ⣬Ҳʮֲơ
ŵȻע⵽Ůӵĵ⣬ֻڿһЦ·ûвƵġ
ʮ¿ٰġң¥ʲôطǿ¿ĺ󹬣¿˽˵ط
ԹŻʹʹү֮Ĺ󹬶Ҫӽ룬ֻٰ̫ܾܽ࣬조ᡱǲǿЦĻôźɣʱνġᡱֻ¿һˣʣµĶŮ檡
ԼΪҪαһȥң¥μνġᡱʮа˾ŻΪ¿ϵġˡ룬ȻӦ
¿°ͣһ˫۾ۼŷɨһ飬ƺŵľܾȲ⣬Ҳŭ
үʲôÿģǷһЩôңиһģֲûСߵ¿ʮָȤӣʦúܲĵԪԹʵԼģҲ൱ġ
㲻ֱ濴ȥԸ欣˭ƺޱȣʵȴŮˣǸ߰磬ֻ湦˭ĳԵȴǲܣԽŮˣѶԽɹԽУ
ӵǧߣ檳ȺʵڲΪ棬¿Ѿ֣Ů˵оʮ͸ͶͱŮˣ¿ûʲôȤʵָ߰Ůӣ
С翴ŰɣŮˣԵȫĵķҡ
¿˵ǷһŵЦݣ뻻һ⣬͸ֱδǰĿɿˡ
ʱͻȻ۾һƺʲôϲ飬ЦñĵҪޡ
һֶ֣绨֦һĿ
ֹӣ
ȺĲ赲ûֹţֵƺҪȺȥӭʲôƵġ
һĻ¿΢΢һüֹ˭Ѳд󱳾ˣԼĵλߣ
¿ܱӭӣЩȲˣȻǵλ˲õĴ
ԶԶʱпЦԭɲ¿ѲĽɫ
СħɣǲԸٸײ
˶ĬĴװǲʶƵȴû뵽žȻӦƵģããȺУĲ׽Ӱ
ŵԸжִ͸һӺټЦߣʱ˽ˣ
ֹӣأСŮƵģȺ˽ż⣬֣·ûƵġ
ڵţСħԭЦ΢΢һֻ첲С֣û굽ʣʹһ⣬Ťһ¡
ˣȻ֪Сħɵ˼ھҪ̫顣
ǸС㣬ȷʵɡɿһûӪ˵
ŶԵأ
ЦģЦݣƺδϾŵְҵЦݣǷĵЦ
ȻŶ̬Ⱥܲͬ
ŴʱǲαЦݣ¿ԭŮܾҲŭʿʱʧˡ

ôСӣ
ԭνֹӣ
ոջԼСǰֶ꣬˱ȣʵмһ˵ŮˣţΪѣҲֻ¿Ȿ¡
תۼ䣬žͶڵĲˣֵĴȺȥ·ٶƵġ
ֱ¿
ӭӵʲôϯ֮࣬¿Ҳ༵һ£ôŭƫƫӭӵ
֮ǰһ¿Ѿͨ鱨֯ƺһû˼ʦ֮⣬ûʲô֧֣ʮǰΪһ幦ʹ۵һ˼
Сӣб¡¿һ⣬죬Ǳױȥˡ
ʱȻѾվߣƺҲûСǡ̫䡱¿
ָŲȺ¿˵¿ʧһˣ´ʱ䣬һŰݷá
ų滰˵㣬˵Űݷʲô֪Ǽǧ֮ûпܡ
ȻҲ֪е¿¿˭ҪԶ׼顣
Ҳ˵ԭžͶкøУԸһ𣬵˵ļֵҲѾſԸκδۣκζȥ£ĵزˡ
¿ǳٴָиë߹ϵԭ¿ͿģҲֻǱŶཻһѣԺҲõϵ˼
ƾһ㣬¿ƭϴžҪ˵Ǻˡ
ȫͬˣҲи¿һĴĻž;ԼѰˣ㲻ãҪ²
뵽Īһȴܿ˦ĪͷǲܶԼ˼ˡ
ֹҪȥôһΣ
شСħɾ΢ЦĵˣԼˡ
СħȻЦֻһСôƺҪҧ˵ζ
ŲΪ⣬֪ȤĵҲء
Ȼ˵Ҫֿͨڵ·ֻһʱҲͬС


1627 ʢ
ӫ⾧ʯ̾͵ͨɢصĹǰҫʮɫ
ͨһߵ˾ͷˮʯŷֳ򣬳ǰ
ĸۣĽػڴǰ
ȻѾȫϢɲǹԨ纣Ϣ
Ϣʥ
˵ʵ֮Ȼ⻹һμʥţڴ֮ǰ߼Ҳѡ
ɴ˿ɼʦӡ
Щͷͬʱһӭɫ˵λҪ᣿λʾݿƬ⣬вͬλλ˰ãȻλ롣
ʦһУȻϤæóһ̽ʦݿƬ˹ȥ
ĵ̻ᣬƽʱûţȴ֪ʦһˣƬϵݣŵ̬һ¹˲٣û뵽ǰŮǼʥص񷢲ˣĵ̻ĸ߲һֱڸϵǼʥؿǵĴ
λӻС㡭
ӿûԼֻ֣ĹҲˡ
ֹӣ㶩ôһתһſʮ־»ݿʧֽ֮С
ûҸղ˵λ
ԵģͨλǴЩɢʮһλãپǰ䣬Լһ䣬λЩС۸Ǻ䣬ǧ򡣡
ʵǼʥҲμεᣬѾһһ𣬸оûʲôϣҲûпˡ
ǧֶ˵ʲôоûбҪһͨѾ㹻ˡ
ֻѡͨ䣬Ҳžʹ˷ֱˡ
֮һŮһźƣϸĶһЩſ뿪
СͨԿ᳡龰Ĺϯͨ䡢ͨλϯͬɽϴӸߵ͵㡣
ϯͨ䶼ķʯӡɳϸܷġȻں˴ܹṩķ
Ϸʯ֮ӴĹϯͨ䣬ںϵĹµһ㣬Ը·
ͨǰ˶ʮɴСͶӰʯĳֳƽ̨ϵһһ˺֡
ǰһʯԿ̵ʯᣬ·һҪƷ
ֻҪָ·Ĩʯͻɢ͵һŮῪʼϸǱϡ
Ƚᣬǵһμʶ󷨣ȷʵǵݡ
ʱͻȻһɧͷһŹϯ˴
쿴ҫݣˣһεıﲩᣬʢᰡ˾С
ֲħ
ʦֵ˾žޣʦǰԲ²һ۷ڡ
ȻԲĵ̡
̳򴨵ļ䣬Ȼ˵Ĵǧʱ䣬Ȼ϶ЩҲǳ£
̧ͷġͶӰʯ棬ӳ龰
ֻһҷ·ǼʾƵľ޴بؼ䡣
һƬƬطģǳھ޴Χ
ɢصĽ󣬾һִ𣬹âɡ
䣡
аɸߵľ޴Ƶ죬䣬һɷ·涼ײĴơֻ鱦ҫʵûмˣò˸еź
˰ɣ𼶵ʲϵġ
˵֮ǰ΢ҲˣҲûȥˡ
ţ΢Ҳˣ
ǰ˵΢𲻺ϡǻ֪ʲô龰ء
ڹϯϣţʥصˣҷޱȣһذˣ
ûпеĸ󷨣ЩۣҲĶ
΢Ҳ֪һŮͬǧǰԼһʥأʵֶζǳ£΢Ĵ·ν׹ˣ
һᣬ٣Ƶһʢˡ
ԸˣҪҪĶźáһ뵽пܷɵͰп࣬ûùӳԣ
ܶˣо޶Ļ֣δظҸû
øλõˡ
ͻȻ䣬ԶͳͶӰʯһˮֳ·̨ϵ龰
ֻһͦεˣһ˿̨߱Ŀ䣬һʮֳȵĸо
ˣĵ̻Ļ᳤ģҲʦĸ߲㳤֮һ
ʦΨһһʦȴΪʦ᳤ϵ
û̫裬ʵֻʥڶѣʦᣬȴû˻СΪųɫʱܳΪҲΪԭ
ĳǲһţһۺ壬Ҫһһ˲š
ıﲩᣬ˸ܡΪ˱ʾأĵһʦ
ʦ᳤󣬵ȴټĻ᳡һֲ©Ĵڳÿһ˵Ķ
˵꣬ʵĻһ޴ķ̨ᡣ
ЩȫɺʯɣԭںǿĸЧͬʱ˷ķںС
ˣһЩеɷХ죬һ˵
˵ĵһƷһǺö˲ߵ飬һź졣
˶ע̨ϵĺʯӵʱ
һУ¿ġʦáһְһ鱨
ͨʮŷСӣðô
¿֮󣬵һ¾˲λãԭп˵λãеǼǣһЩֶβ鵽Էݲѡ
ôܸүأ¿Ļʦ˵
¿һЦһʦõ˵ɲǧڳ֮ǰһЩϣعƣͨһٻǼʥŪʮڻ֣
¿̽鵽ٻĽʹż۸֪֪ˣܰսȻͣ¿ҲԼڱصãȻҪĵϸС
ʱͬڹϯеĻƿͷϵĺڶ¶һʦһס
ɳƵЦһ˵ʮڻ֣ôǿĶ֣˵һΣҲҪΪɹٶվʣټϿԼĲƸҵģ䶨ˣ


1628 ŵ
¿ᣬȴԼҲҪΪɹԴ
̫ˣǿ֮⣬߸ߴ𣬸ִһݣ߸ݣ
¿ھݣھݣҲߴ֮ǿļ֮һˡ
ȿһʲôɣ
¿Ŀ⣬̨ϵĺʯϣῪźıҲǳ档
ʱĵ̻Ļ᳤ȴż򿪺ӣԵ
λеıڷ籩ϵٵõģڷ籩ٵλİɡ
¿籩̨˶һ
·ļ֮һ
籩Ҳӡ󣬲˵򴨵ļ䣬·֪ѯйصϢʱ֪ϢеһĽأĽеġԵ䡷ڶǹڷ籩ġ
籩һûĵ죬ٵ֪鱨ٵеǿµĴУʶҵٵпܵõйصǵ䡣
Ǵ˵ٲ¥ܶǿҪȥѰҵټʧܶ飬еʧ٣֪
û뵽ĵһٵϷֵģ
·УٵΣյģصģû֪ôγɵģҪҵٵȥ֮ųջǷʵˣִ˼ӳֵˣܳɹ
һٵĶ
ĳǵᣬȻǾֲ
еЩߣǵһβμʦıﲩᣬıǶ۲ҪȻֱģȴûж١
ǴˣҲǧ֡
½ۣȻٵϳĶҲδٵϻûõĶأҲÿʲôıС
˵ţȻܿͱˡ
ΪĽҿʯӵʱһɹâӺʯ϶ֱͬʱһӴϢӿ籡·װһƵġ
ϢǷ
˫һ̨СĽ̨˳̨룬һԲεİۣ֮ϣȻһö鵤
ö鵤֮ɢϼ⣬ͬ˿˿һȼţǻݻһзˣһ·ɢŷϢ
Ͳ̨ķǹɺǿԡ
һö˲õĵҩ
˲жϣܵԼȫѪöҩǣƺҪ籡һ㣡
Ѫʮȹ̣ⵤҩȴǣѪ֤öҩ˷ǳǿѪ֮
ĸоⵤҩɢһɰԼľԪϵҲкܴİ
뵱ʱ֪鱨˵ٵϣд֮ǰĵǿµĴУɣöҩпǰġ
ܲѪҲԾԪϵмĴٽЧ
һŶʺϲĵҩˣ
ʱĶˣоʵڲǸֻǵһƷԶԶûеѲݺ֮ǵʱͷԼǿҵĹҪöҩ֣
һֻвʮڻ֣ҪֱֵѲݺ֮ǣôʮڻַʮڶã
΢΢֮ȴûзöҩĴ㣬ֶдã˵Ϊĵҩǿ󣬴̫ϧ
Ȼ֮ǺѲݣǲܷһֻһЩֶΣ׬ȡˣ
Ľҩ̨ϣ֣öҩȻ۳ӰƱ䣬ÿʱÿ̶ҩҩԡ
ʵϣЩɢҩԣͨ·ع±ҩգܶʼ·һ㡣
ķ
ˣⵤҩı棬ƿһʮ־ķöķܹҩЧþάҩԣһƷķĻпһöҩάʮʱ䲻
ټϸıʱٵĽ͸󷨣һöҩһֱڼʮʧҩԲѣҲٵϵöܹ浽ڵԭ
׼ڻ֣ÿμӼۣһǧ֣ʼ
Ĵֻ̨ûоʲôŵʱ䣬̾˽мˣǧ򡣡
һȥǧʵöҩԶԶֹ۸
һԵСħɣΪĲԣ
ǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
۸һ·ڳֵģͨߣɢ߳۸񣬺˻û֡
ʱһᴫһ
ڣ
۸һ̧ô࣬ΪЩֱӳ֣ЧҲﵽˣܶͨʱƻˡ
ǧ򣡡
˼ӼۣͬǺˡ
ָ磬ô죿ƣܻᵽʮڣһǸ¿˵أ
СħЩżһƷͳһĲƸ⻹ˣ
۸ȴһֱĬԺڿжŵļ۸
ȻԶԺеĵҩ֪ʶ̫֣ܹ㣬öŵֵԵʮڡ
۸ȷʵԳܡ
΢΢˵ɶⵤҩҲʮڡ
ţСħ΢΢һ
ſɣʮҾͲ򡣡
˼·ʮŵֵǲ٣ȻңԻӶ࣬ǰµĵҩǵļֵԶûжô
һЩҲ⹺˵޾ԪϵҲöҩļֵۿۣʮڵĻԼ۱Ⱦ̫ˡ
˫޵ȴܽҩļֵӵ
Ȼڼ۸ǧʱ򣬽м۵˶ʱˡ
ÿжһ˳ӣЩҲɵӡ
ڣ
ʱˣƽȴƽĳͻȻһʱ𣬸
ĿͶߴļ䣬û´Ļ΢𣬾ǼС
ǧ򣡡
ʱһİͿĳһУһµӣվںĴǰһµʺѾƣζЦ⣬ƷѾơ
ңңľٱķһ¡
ˣ¿
Уз󷨣¿ȴ󷨣Ϊ
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Сħɿ¿ᣬ޲һ
Ҳ΢΢ü
ǧ򣡡һνмۡ
ǧ򣡡¿
ɲΪ˶Ϊ˸ĲƸԼԼľϣһ֣ʮܣԼĻ¿ҲҪ˽ǡ


1629 ŵ
ٺ١¿ƣϷû´ĻǳҪöŵǸ࣬Ƿ˫ޣöŵ˵ΪҲΪǾͺúÿһ£
ڹУЦ˵ĹС
ǵ鱨ĲƸôᳬʮڣһöŵͻʮڵĻͲʲôвˡ
ڣ
һӼӼǧ
Ȼ¿ֱͣͣӽмۣһǧ򣡡
νмֻۣһǧƺҪŸƵġ
ǧ򣡡ٺ
ǧ򣡡ڹϯУ¿ЦôһĹ໨һڣǳ泩
ʱͨᣬСħֺ˪ѾڱߵıԵˡ
ָ磬Ӭ㣡δⵤҩΪ໨֣ôȥֻڻԩǮѡ
ͷûҵĲƸңûһֱȥġ
öҩλǲʮڣλ¿ɲ֪
һ㡣
ھǧ򡣡ټǧ򣬽۸ĿģΪ¿ڽʮڡ
Ĺ㣬ʮѾöҩļ޼۸
¿Ȼ룬Ľеʮڣλͨѣ㻹Ҫô
¿ʮŵ˵ȥԶƺҪ⼤ŭ
ΪŽмۣͻٶΣѪȻ¿û뵽һΣˡ
ڵͨᣬͻȻȥˣٽмۡ
ʮĺſ˳ʮڣһͻʮڣ˽м۸ô
̨ϣǴԵ˵
Ȼϯ֮ϣȴûӦ˵Ǻ΢ģھǧʮڣȻֻǲһǧ򣬵ȴԽһ׶Σ˵ĸоͲһˡ
ʮöŵԺܶ˶Լ۱̫ˡ
ֺһΣû˸Ӧ漰ʱ򣬼ٳɫʦԼ۸ܹ𵽵ƶҲǷǳޡ
˵ģŴһԸб¶װȥǵߵ飬Ҳ𲻵̫Ч
Ĺܹŵ۸ģǸķֻʵǿޱȣˣֻ˭һʮڣֻΪһЦأ
ʮڵһΣ
Ŀʼˡ
⵹¿￩һ¡
öŵõĶʺϷ˫޵ߣûҪöŵ
ûʲôõĶֻԼܶĲƸ¿ڹĵʮڻֵĳ̶ȡ
õŵΨһʽǽתԼģ˭Ҳĳļ۸
⻹ǹؼ⣬ؼתŵҪܾԺˣֱӵϲƸˮʱкöδˣ
ĲƸ򵽵ĶҲֻģûжϵ
ʮڵڶΣ
¿һ̧ͷߴңָ䡢΢öŵȤȻһֱţͷβǾûйۡ
ԣŵûʲô
ԼܳˣҾǳ񵤣ΪҲû̫
ܶһǧ֮ö޷ͻƣҪһö񵤾ΪͻͽǾǳ˵ˡ
ۿҪΣ¿һӬһĸо
оԼɵˡ
ſȴûȥĲƸ
ȻҪöŵʮڵļ۸Ҳ
ƣȻû¸үأһү¿ʦá󣬽Ц˵츳ֻ㲻ҪͷܣҪλҲֻȨƵ¿оˡ
ʢƼ˽ᣬԼ˶˰ΪźĵһУѹˣеǲҽмۡ
ԭ¿ķңƫƫûӵŮ˻ƨϣӶʱ߳ŭĸоһƿ˻ɦŪ˵ĽŮˣеͺһ䣬
ʦñƵһģײǽϣһЩˣ֪Ϊʲô¿ͻȻͷŭˡ
ʱ򣬾ҪʼʮڵΡһ˲䣬ͨУٴνмۣʮڡһǧ򣡡
Щأƺмߣܲ۸Ƶġ
¿·֮
һڣһ̵þˣһ۽м۵İ䣬Ȼڽмۡ
¿ɫ΢΢һǱˡ
ʱҲҼ̧ˣеĲƸ۸񣬴ļˡ
ƣ
¿ƿúõĿһѣû뵽ôûӿ
μ۸񣬻ĵ˺һһſһڶĻ֣¿ܲˬ
ʱ򣬻һЦ˵ʵĿѾﵽˣ״ȥ߳ɵĲƸɡ֮Ҳûʲôвˡ
ˣ¿ǾòǺˬ
Сӣ׼֮ˣǴ֪ѶˣֻˣҲȲˡ
¿ɫ΢úѹһȴһȭ޻ϵĸо
ʱѾһƷ򵽣
ϲͨʮŷλˣöٵŵĴϡϡòܶ˸е⣬û뵽ͨУҲԻ


1630 Ͻǹ
Ĺ涨ޣ֮ʮ֮ڡ
±ȴĻܵĳǵƲãͷǧ굽겻ȡ
һ˵ҲûôΪ֮ǰҪݿݵˣȻ顣
ôڶƷ
װŮӣһɸߵĳľӣĽӴ򿪣ڶƷһ
ֶȻûκȤѾлԪ칬ˡ
ļǧ֣ʼ󣬾ϡϡĽмۣ۵Ķͨϯλߡǧߡ
֮󣬸䣬Լޣҩ鵤
УҲĶĶһԼ۱ȣҲûйˡ
ᣬһµʱ䣬Ϊɣǵһͻҹ
߶ԣҹʱ䣬ҲһδĹ
һעչĶһľߵһ͸֮⣬ҲڷѲϵֶ룬еһʱ䣬Ȼķϡ
ʱһɫʯϻȤ
ʯϻ׾ƽûʲôϡģǴʯϻ֮УȴĸܵһӴϢ
Ļƿʯϻһڹֱ֮ɭɱɢȫһĿⶢǵڹ⣬ڹ֮УоһΪ֮Ķǹƣ
һǹ
ǹм֣ǰǲʥķѪǹһ·ɱںϣѾǵԵ鱦ǿܹɳ
Զǹ־˵֪
ϯ¿ʯϻĶҲ˷ֻеĸӦ࣬Ҳһ˿ȷ
鱦ǹ
¿۾ˡ
鱦үѾǽˣҲǹ֮ǰǸǹֻľˣֱΪү׼ģһҪĵء
Աߵʦ˹Цղű¿һƿҲСӣ¿Ĺϵ緲˽үС檵ĹϵС檸ҸүƢġ
¿ƺûŮ˵Ļֻ۾˲ҲգǷϡ
ںɫʯϻŤʲôأһʱ䣬һ·ʯеһԶ˿ʱһҫ̫ըľҹ⻪羫̳
һһĻƽǹɢһԨ纣ѹ
ǽҪһƷż֮з鱦Ͻǹļۣڻ֣
һǳŵ֣鱦ȷʵֵ۸
ν鱦ıı
ҪЯǧܻɱͣһһҲ鱦Уᳬʮ
ķѪǹȵɾøĵر磬ϵҲɱһ鱦
Ǿ̫ˣûмʱ䣬Գɹ
ֻ˵ɳ̫죬ķѪǹ٣Ҳ飬ĳɳٶȣ˷ѪǹȴԵøϽˡ
ŵʱ鱦¸һڻֶȥΪֻԼŲ˳֡
ֱȵˣǵ鱦Ϊ֮Żᱻ˴ż֮зۡ
˫ֽ˻ƽǹУָоץסһƽ
ǹһɶ߳һ˰ǹߣìʡ
ƽǹǹϣֹ·ǹͷȴںڰ죬Ĺâֱۡ
ǹƿ̵޷·ϧһЩĵط
ԽԽһ۾Ϳƽǹϵ·ô¡
·߶ޱȣܴ⣬ƷʦҲֻǸǰ˵ܽᣬԵƿ̳һЩʵǲıʡ
ҲʹãУܻƳơ
ϧˣǹɱ֮ʮ㣬֪˶ǿߵѪһǧʱѾ˿µɱĸֵӶǳãҲܹĻͷʵɱ䣡
̾һЩϧǹѾ֣ͣҲܸıǹϵƣֻԽԽڣŪɳ׾
һһ㣬ǹɳϽ𾧴죬Ͻ𾧼۸񰺹󣬼Ӳޱȣ󷨵Ļ顣
ˣϽȴûеԣҲ˵ϽǹӲǹʹ½˲١
һӲǹûеԾûлӲӲʱױˡ
ȻȻȱ㣬ϽǹҲҪķѪǹ̫ˣ
ܻĻȻԸ⻻ϾѪǹĳɳҪ̫õʱ䡣
⣬ǹĳɽ۸ʮڵʮڻ֣ԣԼ۱̫ˡܽܵļ۸ʮڻ֣۸ֻǹ˰ˡ
Ӱ⿴һֻۣܶ߶Ŀ̰ĿϽǹȻϽǹǿҵĹԸ
鱦ּĿ٣ĳǵϣҲ
һʺԼ鱦ǿ˵ǿˣ
ڿʼĴ
䣬ڹϯϣʹ˼Ӽǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡
Ͻǹˣ
ЩˣǽǿߣǴҲֻˣǿ߶鱦͵ˣҲ
ڣ
۸һ·ЩϯеߣȻǴûһ˶ǵȻϽǹϵȱݣǶԣϽǹˣ㾡вƸǹҲֵ
һ˸һ˵ľĳ棬Ҳ¿ĲǹһҪĵ֡
ۣЦ˵Ҳ¿ǹڱصá
ٺ٣ڽм۵ľڣǹɲֹۣʮʮڶʲô
¿۹ͺܶ࣬ʮڵǹУȴֻʮڡ
ҵ˵Ҳǹߣұѹһ£һȴһֱڣû˼
үô֣鱦СԣҲһ£ô𣿡¿ʦÿЦ˵
٣С˵öԣ۸Ҳûúˡ¿Цţʦ÷Ϻݺݵһ¡
ʮڣ
¿ˡ
һʮڵĽмۣʱúܶû˽м۵һʱ䣬˷Ľм۳ʱ
¿Ч΢Цſһڵİ䣬Щʾ˼
Ȼֻһ̣ЦݾˣͨУһ۸񣺡ʮһǧ򣡡


1631 Ļػ
ʮһǧֻ¿Ľм۸һǧƺѾˣҪ¿Ÿɡ
Сʲôʸԣ
¿ü˵ΪûʸȴȻܽмۡûٻˣ۸񣬿϶Ҫծܶ࣡Ǯƴôƴùң
¿Ľм۲ôϣÿԼĶ֣֮ǰûŵҲǸ鷳ڣֻƣQ˼ˡ
ǴأүʰˣҪүʰûء
ʦס¿ĲӣЦ˵
¿һЦеʮǧ򣡡
Ȼ¿䣬ڵİ䣬ִһʮǧ򣡡
ʮƽƺʻֵƵġ
¿ɫʱ
վĿƵĶڵķĿ⣬ƺҪ̴еĸ󷨣Ҫɱһ㡣
ʮڣ
ʱ˾ˣ˼ȲҲ¿ͬڹϢȻҲһ֡
вǹĽһ鱦ǹǶҪ
¿΢΢һû̿ڣƺ֮ǰᣬ֪ΪһǹߣȻϽǹʮִš
Ȼ˺һڣۿĶҪˣ¿϶ʱӿֳһ˿ŭ⡣
·ǹ
ʮǧ򣡡¿ֿڽмˡ
ʱȻϸϣʮǧ򣡡
ʼƽ¿ԽԽµŭ
ԣ
ܣô֣üͷ鱨ԭʮңŵ֮ʣ߰ھͲˣܽһЩ赽ھ˲ˣôܽм۵ʮڵĻ֣
Ҳǹթңҳ߼ۣ
¿ȻζҪϽǹ𣬼ȻԽԼһΡ
֮ǰ¿ѾҪ
ô죬ôֱӵȥȡʸ񣬲ܵʦĳͷ
Уǹڱصã˺б£ʦͷҲء
¿ڹⲽ
һֱȱһ˺ǹ죬Ͻǹٹ¿ҲҪ
Ϊٹʮ꣬Ὺ
·ֵģ̺ؾû֮һ¿Ȼ
ȻҲΪޡ
¿ֻϽߴ֮һľھݵȻ㣬ǷȴģΪ̫ˣ˽ܱҪྺ֮ӱǳѣ
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ˣһս¿ֻܳɹʧܣ
ʱǰʮڵǸֺһ۸񣺡ʮڣ
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ãõúܣһҿʲôʱʮڣ¿ȻһԵģӼڣ
ʮڵļ۸ԭ¿ļλǹóʮڵļ۸
۸񱬳ܶ˶զࡣ
Ҫ֪Ὰ鱦ģǽǰ벽𼶵Ĵܸ뵽鱦ľ֮УǶԼ鱦ģ̫ˡ
ʮڣýȴǴҲֻеұȽϲģܳ۸
һʱ䣬밲ޱȣƺҲû˽мˡ
漰ľ޿¿ҲƽϵҹƱƷűеѾƣַʽԼ
ǹһҪʱ򣬻˼Ӽۡ
ʮڣи߼۸ô
ĸûӦ𣬲ƺʮֵģһһ飬ÿһ飬¿ֳȥͱһǹĳ嶯
ʮڵһΣ
ڿʼˡ
ʮڵڶΡ
ϳǿϣи߼۸֡
ʱһƽд
ʮһǧ򣡡
˵Į侲ĽмۣƺԣĲǻֻ֣һûʲô֡
ʲô
¿žһ˾ƱʺѾͬѪҺһĽ
Ϊʮڵļ۸ѾǼˣ֮ǰһֱ¿ǸҲȥٸۡ
ôտڰĺʮһǧ򡱣ٶһµģ·ӻ
¿бŭֱƿ˹ҵš
ңϿգһ¿ҲƯ˵ͷϡ
һʱ䣬˶¿֪Ϊʲô
¿ɫԹ޵Ŀ⿴ڵķһһٵ˵һɣʹթûô֣
һȫȻ
¿Ҳʡ͵ĵƣ϶Ͻǹȴ𣬶ǡǡǹڱصãֱܷ
¿Ļ˵Ŀ⣬ֶڵİС
֮ǰŵѾʮڻ֣һΣֽмʮڣжʮڻôеĻǾ
¿ͱˣ
ڰ֮УСħЩˣô죿ӬÿӰֻʮڶ༸ǧĻ֣ʮڻԶ
΢΢üҲվ
ʱ¿ЦҾ˵ûô֣֪ԭʦᣬɣĳЩ˰еġС


1632 ˣ
¿Ϊ˸ޣ伫Ȼûȷ˵ʲô˰ġСǸ˵Ҳˡ
һֶΣΪ˱ʦ̻ϾԭҪ̽˲Ƹ飬ڿ˽ɾܾ
¿ͻȻ׳ĻóһʱЩҡ
Сۣ˵ʮУ
¿˵ϯܲȻ󲨣
̨֮ϣĵʱȻΪɣ¿ϳȥĻͻֱӰ쵽Ľ
ǻΪʦ飡
Ķʱάȡ
ĻΪ¿һ仰εľأʵΪСְҵ̫ˣ˵һǱ
С켤ҵľգһʱͷԷȣӰ죬Ѹ嶯
ǻ̧һƷļ۸Ҫ͸Ǯ
ΪһʱʧǳѹҲٽ׵ļΪƣһľߺίˣǸдˡ
ֻӶ𣬴ߵ룬˱˵Ҳ޹ӶЩˡ
ʦУѾ£Ǹϧһ㲻顣
ˣֻһƿǻߵĻɣ
ʶϣСĴʮУһˣе˵¿վ
ǱĳǸһȻ˵ǻһ
ɫɭ۾һֱ¿Ŀ̺һɱ
ʦ᲻٣Ҳӣƿ˴ʦУⷽ棬·ǿʦ֯ˡ
ĵĿ⣬¿ĪһͣȻ֪ԶĶ֣ʦᣬҲѰôһĿ⣬¿﷢顣
ҲоԼղΪͷϣ̫³çˣ˵еĻ⣬ڵʦᡣ
æλǸҲһʱջظղŵĻǣһϣܹһʮŷλߵĲƸԴ֪䲻꣬ƺҲûд֧֣ҲжʮڲƸ
¿һԿȻᵱԩͷװ׸ӻ֡ҪԸҪñҧһڵ׼
ΣȻܼڰˡ
̤·һĴ֮ϣݵĴӰ˳ҲƯ֮С
ĳ֣ʱȫڵĿ⡣
Ǹŵ
Ȼôᣡ
ֹᣬΪҲֻ߰ڰˣˣôŵôܼʮһǧϽǹ
ڵߣҲ޷ӵжʮڵĲƸܶ˶Ļɸˡ
һ˵ЩݣдƸˣȥ¡Сôְҵ
УûʲôݵˣЩˣڹ֮нмۣһû֪ǵ˭ˣ
䣬Ϊ˲ò֡ûݵˡ
ڳɵĿ⣬Ϊ⣬ֻǿ¿΢΢һЦ˵ƺҵĲƸܶ֪ԭжʮڻְɣ
˵ָһֽ֮УɳʮŸɫ
ЩʦᷢŵһĻÿһö֮Уһڻ֣
ЩɫƯܶ˶۾΢΢죬ǵдˣһӶûһöһ
ʱóҲвûɵ۹⿴ʦᰵиСĻ֣ôҲ֡
ο⻹ʮأ
ĳ棬Ķֱüû뵽;˱ʡ
¿Ǹʦ˺ˣղŵǸȴҲ˻ɵӡ
ɵĶ󣬻ᣬ˵ĵ͵Ϊŷ
صĻεɽܶܵһЩӰ죡
ϾĳϵĶĳɽ۸Ҫϸ߳ɡǻﾺྺۣΪˣΪĶ̫ȫˣиϡƷû򲻵ֻгǮ
³߼۾ģҲԸ⡣
ȻһС֣ǾͻԼǱɵˣˣĳܲ
ѾڿƴµĴʩˡ
ʱȴɫƽڷ˼ϣֳʮ˽ܵɣͨȻ򶨡
򶨣װģ
ʮôƺɡ¿ʤ΢ЦоһȻ³çʦᣬȡõЧǷǳõģֱӽƵоߵĶϣһôԼ
ڿʦᣬȵ¿Ҳܹ㹻ĻɾǸʱʦҲܰôˡ
Σѵ֪ĳĸ޿Էſʮʱôҵʱﹻ˻֣һ
˵Ȼ
¿΢΢һЦʮ֮ڣһµʱ䣬һߣһҪڻ֣ǰѱ˶ɸһɵˣ
¿Խ˵ЦԽ⣬ڳ֮ҲһƬɧ֪ðģԽԽףԽԽ٣
ȳ棬һصĶЩסˣԽԽճ
ʱȴЦһ˵һ³ﵽڻֶѣ㲻ܣҲܣԭһ죬ŽҵһЩõȻȳ棬Ҿѡڽֱɡ
˵ţһֽ䣬ʮƮƮķֽ˳ЩֽĸĽа
ÿһķ½Ƕƿһ֣
ʮķڳڿĪԣСʲô˼òΪʮķڰɣ
ûиҪĶʮŷֽЩֵڻ֣
ķֽಢôãõķֽԭͲǶֽķ˵ֵĹƣֽΣû̫壬ȻҲûѡЩʵİ
Ʒ࣬ǲô洫ģѲƷķͻ룬˻òࡣ
ǶʮƷķǰĳЩ۸߰ϡĻھԲ⣬Գڵļ۸
ЩƷķһŶڣеļƷ鱦ļ۸Ҳй֮޲
Ȼܿ죬ĹоʦҡͷˡǲЩƷķˣҲῴ
˵һƷʦʦᣬֻһЧҲǵ¸ء
ƷʦĻ΢΢һʲôֻƷķ
ʮƷķǸļһﾹȻָڵۡ
һǲǷˣ


1633 
Ʒķȷ
˾㵵֮ǰ˵Ʒʦ
ȻʦˬĿһԼˣƷķѾǧˣôܿ
ʦ˵䣬ܶ˿ؿڵʦ£Ȼʦʽ£ҲȷƷʦɡ
ԭΪóʲô洫Ķķ֤ʵȻôͼ
Ʒķĳǵ̨Сˣô
ھĲʦġСˣ̵УĵңҺ۵ģˣ϶ҪʦؽʮŸҲǼٻɣ
ûа֮еĻֶųǲ˽ˣһжЩǼ١
Щǹۿ˵ͣȻָķļֵСħͨ棬Щ˵ֹۣ
ȻȻô˵ȴҲЩʮķֵٻ֣
ķϾֻжʮš
һƬɺͱɱĬһŵķ˸⻪ߡ
ֳĬȴùڵҡ
ۿЩ˵ԽԽʱһԸеһƬԵøͻأ
ЩˣǹªţǾû˵
Զĵһϯ׵
ѭȥ׷׿ǸӰһ㶡
Ů˭
ڳľ˸ʶţȴ֪ķ䣬ʥƼĵطҲ˵ǰŮˣܿܳʥء
ǼʥصС㣬ǼʥսʥؿսС㸺ʦķ
ʶŵˣ˵
ö΢΢һҲݣʱ˵Ҳз
ľŻδţ˫ʼĿеļֵӹɣʱΪ˵ĺûᡣѩܱ̿Ƚǿˡ
ʱվ΢΢һЦòԶԶĵͷʾл
ʲô
ܶһãȻʵⲻ֪ܹĳģҷҲһ
ȻɽǺܶ˶ʦ籾˽Ĳ࣬һЩˣǻ壬ڱ壬ʦ磬رʦᣬһ𣬵ߣȴû֪̫ࡣ
ʵǣ·̫ˣһЩʶ㲩ˣҲ֪ǼʥսʥؿսУһں̶ܴϸıսֵһССķ
Ů˺Ƴ磿
Ȼ֪ʲôܱһݺܸߵŮ˿أȻ˲õĶǸ꣬ķ
ڳྺﷸֹʱſڵֹӣҪϽǹĻҿȽʮڻ֡
ŵߣȴһըףÿ˵ĶղŻᣬһʱȻļžȥ
С㣬Ҫʦʮڻ֣
ʮڻֿɲһС֣˵ͽ裬֤ŶʮΡƷҲĳ
֮ǰ˵ٻܶû˵ڳܶٻ˽ʦķôЩҲŽɡ
ڣֱ˵ʮڻ֣ȴǶٻֵǿӡ֤ٻֵˣпܽʾ޿
ʱڵĺУһʮҵɫ̫õ˳ʦãȻ
ӣŵʦ֣ҲǼʥɵĳľߡ
һ𣬸ΪǼʥزɹһΪĲϣֲϣǼ칬ĹҪģ
Ǽ칬ǺεʵҲһˮ׼ǼʥصƽʱֻǼʥصĵӶ
ܹǼʥػ÷ˮʵҲǵǼ칬Žʶ
ȻʶźΪڵǼʥأƸ˵׽⣬źʦĳĶʮڻ֣Ǽ칬˽˲ƲΪľ򡰰ϣǼ칬ıرϣ
ӰǼ칬ʵߣţʦֶĪǣ
һȥʮڣǾʣʮˣ򡰰ģ
Ĺ涨л֣֮ʮڻ塣
ŰѻֽҪͬʱ򡰰ǱҪڶʱڽʮڻֻϡ
ҲдҪĶ
ȴ֪ϳǶʮڻ֮⣬ֻʮķˣƸֺ֮ǰԵͼ۳ΪǼʥؽڻأ
ɽʮڻΪΪҪϽǹ
ϾǹߣŴ֪еķѪǹĸûˡ
ʦãˣŵʦɫǳѿЩܻˡ
ʦ֣һΣȻӴĲ࣬ȴ˽ԸӲ˵ûаյĻǰӹΣҿǶɵ񣬽ȴñףҪȥǸǸʮ֣ȴֻ˵˷ֵˡ
ŵƺһҲģʵ˿ȻϿ򶨣һѺ
һΣҲ˴עڶ϶ʮķܴ漣
ϸĵıһݡ
ʮǰƺֻһƷʦʮ֮󣬾ͻȻƳƽⲻ˵
ϣһܣ
Ȼ֤ʦȴҲȥʦãǹˣҾͬʻ֣һ˵ǶʮķܹѻֵϣʦҲͷǵģΪŲùĲϣⱾһˡ
ŵʦ˵ţʱͻȻЦллСˣϽǹûأҵķҲҪϽǹ֮ܲܰһ£
˵ţתͷġ
۾еķȻܸоķĲǾЩȻ֪ٻǾеķô죬ҲڶʮžڵĻְϾֻƷķ
Сֵܡ
¶ɫţеķĵ׼̫ߣʱֱû˳ۣǾһЦˡ
Ȼ֪ô룬΢΢һЦ˵ģҲֻʮķĸǷӣţҲǧţ˭ԸԤ˭͸
⻰˵úܶྺ߲ˤ
ǷԤ
ڵĻ֣ȻΪ˭ɵƲ
Թᣬû˵Ǯֱģ


1634 ʮھǧ
һ٣ٶҪֱüˡ
ǴڵĽף֣Ժܶ˵İʦ磬Ǿ˽֪
棬Ǿ͸û֪ˡ
һ겻һСΪѺǷ˭ţ
ûȣ£˭ΪһСİ߰ڣʮ
ţûУǴǷҲģʱô죿ʦġƷ̨ʮڻЦأ
ŵʦָоǷˡ
Ȼȴֳ򶨵飬˵Σѵˣ֮ǰǼʥؽ˰ڣǻһˣ
ǲһʱѾõǧٻǶ˽⣬ָʶĸУҪǻô׬Ҳȥѹһдʮ鱦ˣ˭򣡡
տڰʮڻ֣Ҳ޹ŵʦ˼ˡ
ʵҲĵʱĳǵǰ޹˺ˡ
ź˼ʱͻȻеһΪĿϷһ㺮⡣
תͷһͶĿˣ¿
ʱ¿ֺ˪ŵĿյһͺ̰Ѿȡ֮ɭɱ⡣
ŵĳ֣͸ûлϽǹˣ
ΪϽǹѾʼķûʼȷܲܽУ˵ķʮڣ˭ţ
ûĲƸ֧֣ҽм۵Ļ˵¿ᷴˣʦᶼӦĴɡ
ƫƫʱһʮڻ֣ܼȥˣҲζţ¿ҪѪ
¿ܲʹš
ţõúܣҶΣȴôң
¿ĴŶ
һܱͣǸ¿֮ǰյǼҴ˴᲻ϧһд֧Ҳǵѡ
ŷӦܿ죬ֱӱ˸ɣƸǼʥأԼȴֳɼı飬¿㱳ӲҲܰǼʥô
ŵĻ¿ŽɣļֵѾ̶ֳô
ĬĬķɻ˰֮Уصɫʦŵһҿԡ
֪״̬¿Ѿŭ˼£ʱɱ˶пܣ
ϽǹڼźҲҪԼİᡣ
ҪתһɲǣźһۣþֹӣΪϽǹҿǳѪˣ¿ðűΣգŲ˹򡮰Ļ֣պ󣬿ɵñҰ
ŵȻɣ֪ĻģԼŸղ̫³çˣۣÿһأ
ȻôĶעʵȴ֪ѹûϽǹֻΪ˿¿һѣ
뵽εӣ룬֪ô룿
Ա֣һӣԼܹĿŵĽмۣҲ¿ƶˣԼǶϽǹڱصã
ѾҪȥˣŵʦȴûߵ˼
ʦԽԽƵɫλѲصģʵֻҪʮڻֽҵ̬ͿˣûҼϽǹˣҵǷȥȫԲңʱʦͷҲֻңǡ
˼·ǳʦˣһ㶣Ŀһۡ
ȷֻҪ̬ˣ۾ͲɣʣµķգԼеʱ򸶲֣ȫԲᣬҲֻʧһˡ
ʦȻŵļŰô׵ĸ߼ۣǶɣʧһ£Ҳֵõġ
뵽ڵͷͬ⡰衱ʮڻ֡
ʦò¾龰ЩЦԸͲʲôµϽǹȻôķ粨
ȻѾ󶯸ɸ꣬Ͳ˷ˣԼôȺԱϷúõĿ¿һѣԲЩԱݳǣ
ǣڻص֮ǰͿĵǲֵҳˣ
΢΢һ㵣˵ͷ˵ղΪ¿ɣϽǹʱжϣֹѾ赽ʮڻ֣ʸˡ
õģ
΢΢һЦ¿ڵķ˵Ȼղţ¿һԼӼڣҲ΢ʾһ£ҲӼڰɣʮڡ
ƮƮģ·ʮڻֶǾţһëһ㣡
΢ʾһ¡
ҲӼڰɡ
ֱ˲֪ϸģΪҰأ
ڹУԭɫ¿Ľм۲ը˷Σ
мҲͰˣƫƫָνĿ
һȣ¿ͱȥˣʮڻ֣û취˵ȻڣѾԭϽǹԤ㣬ˣ
ʱȫľߣ¿ڵĺ䡣
ſ¿ǼӼۣǷ
ʮſ˳ʮڣλг߼ô
˵һ䣬Ȼȫʵֻ˵¿һġ˵ҲĮΪʱʵòż飬Ϊ¿ļ顢ŭͱȼˣյò
¿óӶŤһֻǧУȻһԸ⣬ʱ¿ⲻӺһ⣬ҪϽǹ
ʮڡǧ򡭡
¿ҧ˵
ÿһǧĶڵѪһУ͡
ʮǧ򣡻и߼ô
ֿڵİ䡣
˸ָɵ˵ʮھǧ򡣡
۸񱬳ʱ򣬱˵¿ˣΧ˼Ĺڶһ¡
׳ʮھǧļ۸ʵԢȷܶΪҾǲʮڣŽʮڣһʮڡ
۵ŵʮһǧûʣʮھǧ
۵˼ǣҾôˣб¾͸ǹңˡ
һУ
ܶҲһ˽ʮڻֵľ޿ǳϻ̳Ͽ֣»ϣأʮڻ־ôǮһӳԼ۵Ķʮھ޶ƸҲһ֮ӻһɶ
мʮھǧ۾գһ£˭У
ʮڰˣǲǷӣˣ
һ鱦ʮھ˲ˡ
ȴļ۸򣬵Ȼ⡣
Ƕ£ֻнŻ鱦ô۸񣬲Ҫҵοڵļ۸˫


1635 
ָ磬ȫҶѹȥѽͲֻӬˣ
İ֮УСħԪ˵Ȼ֪ڿ¿ôߵļ۸¿ԼԸͷˣ
Це£¿ǹִ̫ˣӦò᲻ʮڼ۸񣬶Ա֮ǰʮڼ۸ҲǶڶѡ
ţ¿Ȼһ׳ʮϽǹôܲƸȻֹʮڣʮӦó
ڴ֮ǰ¿Ϊܹļ۸ǹϧʦᣬҲ֤¿ϽǹױȵĿ
һ˵¿ûˣϽǹҲȫܽܵ顣ϾǹҲкܴãο׬ֺܿ졣
ʮھǧ򣬻˳߼۸𣿡ںˣɲ̲ʵڵĳ涼òˡ
˶¿İ䣬ܶ˶ͬ¿ˡ
ӣ¿ȭּ˹ǽڣϣ˽˲ƲȷʵжʮڣбôȫϽǹҵˡ
ʮھǧһΣĿʼˣʵģҲΪҪϽǹʵϾʦˣΪһʦҪÿεϢϵʱ䡣
ʮھǧڶΡ
ϳǿ
ʱһص¿İд
ʮڡ
۸¿ƺþΪһǹҵˣ
ȻԱҵʧȥϽǹǾʧȥϽǹ¿Ĵ󡣱Ͼûˣۣˣȴ¿ʵֱӲӰ졣
¿ĽмۣǷһȣⳡ¿֮ĶԿӣӮó׵ס
⵹¿Ϊ׼¿ϽǹڱصãȴŵôҪ
¿ֻ֪Ҫŵȴ֪ϽǹȤ
ע¿ݺݵĿһѡ
ʱͻȻһŮֹӣĳ۶ʮˣҪҪټһ㣬ҿٽһЩ
ŵԪѾڴ֮ͥ¶ˣûٿеĸ󷨣ŵ״˽
΢΢һЦ˵ˣұûϽǹʮڵļ۸ǼˣٳۣĿܷˡ
Ѿ䶨Ҳûšʼգƽ·ղеĲһ漰ʮڻ־Ķǵļ۸սֻһϷѡ
ĻŶʱҭˣ˺þòŷӦһʱȴ㡭㡭ڿ¿
ţֻǿ˶ҽеʮھǧͲ¿¿ƫƫ͸ˣԵġ
֮⣬ŻеЩίԼôѹʮڻ֣ʵͲҪ
ǱûˣЦǸС㣬ұҲû뵽¿ӦôңֱáСңͬû뵽ǣ㣬ѾˣҾͿˡ
˵䣬ЦҲ֪ЦʲôЦ˺һգ۾˵㲻Ƿһ飿
һͣ˵СպҪĳܼķΧڣضæ
˵䣬ѾϽǹ¿У
ɹһ˲䣬¿һо嶼Щѡ
漰ȫƸĴ
Ӯˣ
վҡҡλεߵ䴰ǰңңڵķ򣬶УҲ¿
Ŀԣ¿ʤһǲʤϾʤˣʱѹʹĸоʤЦݡ
Ȼ¿ѾӲĹҪЦʱıȴסˡ
Сħɳȱ鵭ȻСħȴֱЦ֦Ҳ
ԾӨСħƹķ֮£ͬʯһ㡣
һĻʱ¿вһֲõԤУ
Сħɵ΢Цεһֳ֮⣬ָоЦɵơ
ʱ¿СħɵӣСڶ˶˵һĻ¿ǿСħɵĿ֪ͣСħ˵ʲôˡ
˵ǣӬϲ㻨˶ʮһƲȱĴƷȥպҪά·ĻǼæշѲ󣬷ܵأ
仰¿ֻһѪӿԴ˵һվȣ
Ʒ
¿СħɵĻϽǹȷ鱦ɣ𻨷ѴôǴƷ
ȻСħ˵Ǽ٣һ¿Ѿ϶ˣͲϽǹڿԼ
ʶһ㣬¿˫ĿŷɭɱȻڲԶСħȴ¿ԽԽɫȻЦúܻ
εסСħɣͬʱ˷еĸ󷨣½ɱ˵Ŀ⡣
ָСħϹһ£ЦСԣͲʹǰɣºˣԭǷ蹷ɷˡ
Ȼ˵ֵĻ΢Цı飬Ȼľ¿ı
ǺڵСʱ򣬾ͰϺħ޻ӵòѪھͱƶϣڻٵ˴ڤӵһֻ֡
Ķ֣ǿܶ౶̫ˣȻЩˣĶʩչֶŪˡ
һʵδǿٵ¿ô⡣
ġ֡СħɸʹЦ԰ôأҪȻԩͷΪԼռˡ
ڼĿ񣬽Ҳûʲôܹˡ
һ׶ѹƷһ鱦ķɽ
鱦ѵã׵鱦ѵá
һ׷ɽһ߱Ϊڴϵľߺ£ĳɽ۸ҲǶʮڶѣ¿µϽǹû̫࣬¿ŭ
һ׶εˣʼգûг֣ȻЩǶûʲôһ׶ҪĶ鱦͵ҩǳ׵ķɽҲûʲôȤģϡϺ͸䡣
ڵһ׶ε֮ҵģҪ
飬һĻжԶԶˡ
ͬʦᣬӵ൱ĵλҿԤǰ;ޱȣպ˵ΪʦĻ᳤
ˣҲֻǨһ£ټóʦ·֮Ҫô̾ҪôǺܶطʵǣóԲǷƷ
ۺ֣ǿͬʮųƷɽ۸񳬹ǧĻĳֳЦ
ĻһǾǰ׼ۣҲǵ׼Ϊ㣡


1636 
׼ۣʵ˵ˣĳǵ᲻뱳˼ǣԸҲ׼ۣ㿪ټ۸Ը飬ĳᣬ뵣Ρ
ȻĳԼġûпԣʮǧĻͲУˣĳҪϢȴȻˣ
ϢúѸ٣
ܶߣ֪ܶˣ·ųֻۣû򲻵ĳᣬȻҪ
Ŀǣֻһ䲻һ٣ΪС
ңСûʲôǹ¼ҹһ˲𱳺һ˵ڣһֱûֹţʦ
ƺһֱȽķʦ绹в֪Ҳ˶ѡʦ磬û˵һ
һСдµİ˻ôһ˵һ䡪˭˭ɵơ
ҪǴҲˣ
дʮ鱦ʮ񵤣һƷķǲˣ
ܶĳͬУڵſĳЦ
е̫ˣһɽ¼࣬߼۵УľߺίˣίˣȾ߻Ҫ󣡺ܶϡĶҲңȴҲԴ
ĳᣬ⣬һȺСٽףҲ޷ĳ¢ϵλһΣ͵ĳԸͷ
ȻϢôܶ˵ſЦڶ׶εᣬԼ
һΣľ߸࣡
ܶ˶˵£Ƕʶһ¡
СħѾ볡Ҫ;УܵһĿתͷһȴڲԶĺ֮У¿ͬһһվڰĴڣĹߺܰʹ¿ɭɭ
Ӭĵ磬ҵˣʲôСħƲƲ죬м˵
΢΢һЦ˵ŲɹضƷŵĻֻǺܶࡣ
û¿ֱȥԼİ֮УյĹУо֪˹עԼǳˣ
ǧҪһʷǰġ׳٣ȻǧǾһ׵׵Цˡ
ڶ׶ĵһƷʮö̫֮ġ
̫֮ģƷķıرϣһЩƷϡķҲҪõ̫֮ģʶʮö̫֮ú֣գǱԹϯһƷʦߡ
½½˼ƷޱһУֻ֮װʮűķֽ

һᣬóһˣǺܶһ۾ϳʮŷֽʲôˡ
ˣӽɾΪ˿ⳡϷģ
Ǯˣ
⼸˵ģ·ġߡڻھУѼϣʱͻͼӴ׵Ľޱȵȥ
̨һЩ֮ĸᣬȻ˵λڣʦᣬʦƷķһҲˣͬͨöĽЧΪڣʮĵ׼ǧ֣ÿμӼ۲һ֡
ĵ˵ⷬʵûʲô˵ĻʦĽЧΪڡһЩδʾͲס
һ㣬ʮƷķǧģ
һƷķǼֻһŶѣʮһˣóķǵ׼۾ͷʮ
ļۣĽ࣬ܶѾſˡ
Ȼȴûʼ̨ϰʲôأź¡¡̨Ƿѿȥ
ͬʱһ޴ĺɫ̳ӵл
ɫ̳һ󷨣
ãǲķĸԡԡ
ĳУеʱȴǻһЩķʱ򣬾Ҫչʾķĸֲˡ

һǿ
̳һƬãã֮УһŰ׺ӣֺߣЦǺǵϼ̳߲ǱˣѡѦͷ
һרѦϳֲݣ


1637 
Ѧͷĵʱ˹ڵע⡣
ͷ˭ڳ˲ʶѦͷ
ʦѦϣƷʦ
Ʒʦͷ˲õģƷķƷʦҲúܶ۾ſԽ
ȻǲЩƷķܹǧ۸񣬵ܹȻóܸЩ֮
ʱĽһö꾧˲󷨵֮Уһ˲䣬̳ĹâͬһĿĺķ䡣
Ŀռʮֿ㣬̨ϵ֮һĺ⽫ȫ˽ȥ
һ޴Ļһеÿһˣ֮УѱΧɫ١
䡪
ǰȻá
ӳൽߵ̺
а˶ߵɭȻݾһ޼ʡ
еÿһˣ͹ϯĿˣȻ˲Ϣ䣬ȫһƬԭʼԭ֮ϣ
ľͬ·֮ŵĴġ
ԭ֮ϣ΢΢
ֻһž޴ӰͬɽɭȻԼĸڵƽϡ
顪顪顪
Щ޴Ĺ߽֮󣬲ŷǾȻһֻֻޡ
ǳɽÿһǳصĹĵڴûţޱȡ
ǡǱ̺ޡǰʱʥؾ˵һѲߵ䣬˱̺ޡ
ޡ
ޡ
ǡ˽ڡ̫ʱʹڵ֣˵濹ܹ³Ԫ𡭡
һޱ˳˵ɫһ±Щ԰ףЩޣڴĺպ
رǵУܹڱδ˽ڱϳ֮ɫ͸ѿˡ
Ȼ˶֪֪Щ޲ǻֵĻ󣬵Ҳһʵ
ÿһߣܹĸ֪Щ޵ϢǿжϳЩ޾Բͽƾ󷨵ľ׼ģ⣬ķ޼
ѦϣھķɡѦϻǰæķﻹЩȵġѦרҼʦֲķķš
ѦϵͷֺǺǵĽӹݹķ֮ǰʲôҪر𽻴ûУ
룬ԵʱСĵ㣬ǧٶʮϸСʱӴЧá
ǧٶʮϸСģѦһŶһǴӦ
վһԣɫʱЩˡȻķô˽⣬Ϊʦ᳤ûԹܼܡ
νǿƷʦһƷķҲֻһǧٸϸСģһƷķܳǧϸСģ
ֵڴѽ
ˣֻҪһģҲĻܾȡüͷСӣķȻôף
ҵҪô·ķǸʲôЧ
ķļֵرһķļֵʮָӡĹ̡
ͨ˶ֻ֪һķǿǿƷǶЩر㣬⹦ЧķƷȻҲǸҪָ꣬ȴҪġ
Ѧ֮ԴӦǰķǱϴ壬Ҫһεķ׻ʲô֮
ʼħƵģ˵óһϡŹֵķ
һһڵģ֪ʲô˿߱֯ס
ҪʼˡѦĵ˵ͷ
һ˫бȻ˼¡жʱһ
һݵĺһס
ôΪķĲԣЩյ顪Ϊʦ᳤ȻҪ⡣
һ׼ѦҲˣȫеƷķ棬һСĹ˽ȥ
һԣĲԣͻȻЩûˡȻԼĸĽģǾжǿҪʵʽ
˵ĿҲˢˢѦϣһ
Ƕǿ˸ЦǼ֤漣ʱ̡
ѦĽУʱţɫȻûж
ǲֳһֻЦݣСӣһοҪץϹˡ
Цֿһ룬ֻһֱŵѦͻȻָķһǲһһ㣬һȵͨķ¡һк
һ裬׳ʣռʱڵķˮһ㡣
ʱЩʱʮϵֻӴޣ¡¡Ѧϳȥ
̺ޡɹޡЩʥ⣬ƽޣϣͨˣɵ
޿񱼵ĹУڳ߶е˿µѹ֪ЩǻûģǹϢľս
Ҳֳ󷨵֮󷨣˵·̶ߵĲˡ
ʱѦ۾һƾâеƷչ¡һ죬ǵصĻĢư𺣰ķϯ
һ޸պһȫ˻浱УʱĲҺ
ӳ˰ˣȻ洫ĲҽһͿһƬֱĻ𺣡
Ŀ֮£ղſȥ˺ѵصǣȻһУۿɱٶȱһսĺǡ
Χ۵ˣһʱȫˡľһʱ侲ĵģûзһ
ֻԶٲĻߣȼţĴʯյøҺһ㣬
ĩս١
۾ɳˣƽʱߣڰʦľ뢣ͬǰһĻ𺳡
⡭ǵƷսȭͷ֮࣬Ȼӿһɬһ˿⡪£ƷеȵҲ
ƷѾǽˣƷģǴģԸĵˡ
СħͬսСȭͷЦ绨һ˫ɰĻһӳ⡣ղһ㵣ģѾɢȡ֮Ժ˫Сǡ
һ𾪵ǲŷ׷ѹ
δоȻһķ
˲ٴλһͷնȻȥ
̧ͷһѽȻֻ˽Ͳסˣ
˽ڸ˶ŵɫɷס
ͻȻ䣬һ˵ע
ֻոսֻճɻҽһ𣬺ȻʼԶٲȼΧػ
ÿһŻһֻ裬ˡ
ֻܻУһöǳ
ȻǸոʹùƷ
Ȼ۳ˣ
⡭ôǿȻܹ¾ظʹãʱ򣬾Ѧϣ̲ס̾


1638 
Ѧͷо۵ƺ̺˸ֲ
֮ǰûͨҲ֪ķʲôԣҪľԼֶʱľϲѦͷùһԼȫİԡ
ԭѦͷ˵Ϊ˸ĶʹôͲˡ
벻Ȼ棬ͬʱɸĶʵ˵㣡
ΧĹڣҲĿѦе۵һĻǻһʱûӦǵĸУķһԵƷǰѦеķۣǻΪֻӰˡ
ЩʱһһԵʹ̵֮ӣ飬ʵϣѾϣֻܵװƷˡ
ôţʱ򣬸ϣֻ˽Ըо·Ȼв޲ͬ˽ˣŪϵмҡ
˽ڲʾһһڳ棬ǵصӰٿس
ѦͷһЦע֮УеǧϸСġ
һɲǣŷĿ⣡
йĿɿڴע֮£öѾʹùһεȻٶȱŷʮɶߵ棡
֮Уƺһֻԡӿ㹻ڽĸ»棬Хһ˽ϯȥ
䣡
γɵҵײһ֮ճͨͨ
޴ĳŻײĵطķչһɹɻನֱڴγ˱ŰĻ
գ˽ЯĻײԽԽңγһƬ𺣡
ʱȻƴɻԽԽ׳ԽԽ涼ŨҽƵ䡣
˳֮£˽һĥ𡭡
䣡
һ죬ӵΧΪĻʯ͵ҵ˽ϡ
Ǳǻϵݵ˽ڣճɭȻ󶴣ĲҺһʮɳĳĴȻ쫷磬ڵһ֮ȥ
пһĻˣʯԭءʵȽ˽ڣȻһŶƷش
Ҳ˵ܹв
ܱȵһʩչʱǿѦɫȻȻΡѾһԶԶ֮ľ޴ϲ
ʵϣʱʹõСħɵ֮ףԡĹ򣬼뵽֮У飬ڳɹ
˾ŴһαһǿһöÿʹһΣͻǿһ֣Ȼзôֲˡ
һʱ䣬᳡ѻȸǵɴ۾΢΢ĳ鶯š
öƷشݣһöʹһ㣬Ŀ࣡
ҵڶεȵһй֮޲
֪˵ʲôõʱ򣬶ʱкХĻ棬ȻһεĻһγɵ·ڻķ裬Ϣʱ䣬Ȼٶһķ
ķƮƮѦϵ
ʲôںˣ
еΣ
ڳྺǣҲǼʶ㲩֮ǽʶȴȫ߸ǵ֪
ʹ𺳣ȫ޷
סʹüΣ
ܶʶۣܵδزܵĴΣۣ
һʱ䣬ȫ˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢϣ
Ѧص³һ˵СӣʵüΣ˵ʮΣʮΰ
ѦҲ˵Цɸٷһĵ̫ҪʮΣҪˡ
վ֮ͨǰЦ˵Ѧ˵̫ˣĿô࣬˷֮𣬱Ч·ŴԡȻϧѧղֻߴζѣǲʹõĻߴζòϣֻʹζѣҸʹߵΪÿʹһΣҪΪ
˵΢΢ҡͷƺΪܽ˾ŴĹ뵽֮жеϧ
Ȼϧڱ˵УȴֱˣҲѧղ˻ô
Сӣ˵ԼѧղڴͷҵأѦͷûۿεĿһҪǸѦͷڰֵˣʵˣʵ˵ǲûʹһΣ͸ǿһ֣
һ㣬˵Ѧͷڳڶע⵽ˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ô˵
ͷһÿһξ͸ǿһ㣬һʹãܹҲɣǼˣشͨǶԴûʲôв
ֻƷķҪشҪƷķڵʵҪԴ١
Խ꣬ȫھþòĻ᳡ϣżʿˮ
ʶģ𺳣Ŀˣݺûжһ¶ֱ顣
ʦáǺͿĽʮھͺˣˣվߵʮӴѹսȭͷ
ǰûֹţʮڽȥĻͶʾ׬ˡ
ֻ˸ӣȻ˵ûʧʲôǱȲϽעѹϣ뵽ŵʦֻڵóӶˣѵõĻԼǰûаסƾչʾ·ͷʢʱҪ£ύ͸ѡ
ûϵȻֻӣǴӦ˻æ΢΢һЦûԼʦ֣ʦֵķӦҲ֮顣
һϲҳһϯ֮У¿ͻѾڵĸһˣ
ǵſЦȴһƬ˥£漣
ٷ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ķôܸ쵽̶ֳȣ¿ҧ˵Աûп˵ʲô˵ʲô̫ڿշˣ·ƷķȻŪټĶԶ
ƴĻƺƷķѾһƷķˡ
ʣ
᳡ʱ䣬ʱ򣬺ܶ˲ſʼ˼ķ
Ҫ֪ƷķӵƷеķĻļֵԶֹƷķֵôˣ
һƷķҪ벽ǿ߲ʹãҪĻȴҪ֡
ƷķͲͬˣʥ۷壬Ѿܷ
Ҳ˵һķĻʥ۷ǿߣӵڽǰʱ
һƿشԼ¶ʱֻʹһΣǶ֮ǰҪϸ뵽ֵֵ
ʹƵĲ࣬öļֵ˺ܶ౶


1639 
ʱ᳣һƬ궯
ܶˣ쳤ӵʼأ
ôʼҽһҪһ۷ʥսȭͷ¾ģһ벽ĳˣ˸ʱˣ
뷨ˣһЩƷ䳰ȷһЩˣȴ
һЩˣƷķȥƼһоһܽƽˣһĲƸ
Ȼ֪³¾Ͳôˡ
˼죬ģǿ̨ϵ¶һ˿֮ɫͬʱǿĿѾӲǰĻɺͳ
·ǿΪ硣ֻҪֵ㹻ǿ㹻ޣܹõ㹻ء
Ǻܹƽ·
ܿôǿķȻҲܸˡûԼְڡ
ѦϣڿжƷķļֵΣ
ڳ˶ʱְĿˢˢ۵Ѧϡ
ܸղŵƷķǿļֵ˲ԵҪĿġ
Ѧϳ˼һ൱ķƷеȵǿԣԼʹ÷ŵҪ󣬼ֵҲ൱һƷķļʮɣΪûⷽİ޷ж׼ȷֵҪ֪
ƷķļʮֵһЩһ£һʱЩֶôĻǺܶ˸
΢΢һЦɨһЩѾȲ۵ľǣеĿơ
˶õķ鳣ϳ˵ֹӣʮĵ̻ˣ۸һ顭
Ĵһȫ˶ˣ
Ҳһ£ΪҪʮû뵽Ȼ˵ʦҪ
ʲô˼
ѵʦҪЩΪоղô
ΪƵʦҪõʮԵСҲĻѶһʵĳۼ۸񡣱Ͼ͵ǵһγ֣˭Ҳ˵׼۸񣬱Ҫг
ĵĻȴը˹
ʲôǿ˰죬˵
ģҾģʦԼʲô˼
ǿϷһףˣأ
ڳ߲֮ͽһĵĻʱŭߵƢǳ𱬣һʧأǿɲġ
Ȼĳ棬ȴ΢΢һЦ˵λ԰꣬ҿû˵ֻǲʮųƷķˣǿǷ֮ǰ˵ôԤĸĽ˭Ը򣬵ʱ۾ˡ
ʲôͿʼˣ
ڳһʱΪ֮ᣡгƷȴҪֳȥһٵĳ嶯
ʱгһң޷ֵ꣬ʦѹֻ˶ĵ̻ΪҲֻˡ
ڵķӦվߵСħɣֿ˻
ٺ٣ﹷۿ˵͵ļһԺ󻹸ҿָ磬лҲǣȸǮöˬ˰ɣ
˷ӣСħ̲סֻ
СħԱߣȻûЩͯδͷֻǿģڴĦô⡣
ţ̲ס̾һ䣬һ֣Ǹ
һʼʮųƷĻôΪ٣ǵˣ۷ʥߣ
ЩΪԼʹãδжң۸ܲߡ
һ£Ϊˡ
ô棬İĻͺѳ۸
ΪУƷȻ󣬶ԤĻӦһЩòֻ˵ȥѽ
ʮųƷķȻӰ쵽һĳһ۸ӡ󣬾ͿˡҪ֪ǷЩĴͷʧ٣
෴һʼûֻĻҲһ㣬ҲνļӪ
ֻǼ򵥵һС£͸ܵĵľ޹ʦᣬһʦΪҲߵˣĵ᳤ְ̻λϡ
λڿʼֹдµǷʦֹӣԤ۶أ
ЦеĿ˱ӵĿ⣬Ӷ̹ȻﲩҪĿľ׬ǮΪĵ᳤̻ȻҪ׬Ǯ
ڱôᡣ
ͫ΢У˼һ£˵ŰɣһһķԼۼǷʱǷ
ȴĴÿһ˶
Ű
Ϊ֮һ㶣ҪǶȥöٻѽ
Ҳ׬̫˰ɣ
ƤӣǼ۸ҪڡʮŰֱᣡ
ǰ˵ⷬ϶ᱻǶɰ׳աƲһˣղŲеƷѾ֤ǿ
һƷܹսȽޡĶǷսϣʹõĻ
һЩ뵽һĻɴ˸
ôǿķܹӵУһЩսУܹսƵҪһǣҪƷ߬ԼУԲз룡
Ȼʶһ㣬ǡ˴ڵֻİúܶûף
һֲô죿
ɲһСĿһʥأҪúõһĴڽף
ﷸ𣬲֪òʱһ֮Уһڶͬһ˳
ƮƮɵϿգˣȫں֮УΡ
ǻ
ĳ֣΢΢üȻʶȴ֪һһֱ¿ߵߣԼкĵ⡣
ĳ֣˵Ŀ⡣
ڶ֮£ϵǣ˼£ɳƵϷϣȷʵױȣֻǣһʴûֻֻǴǷôһɡǲǳ֮أ
ͱˣĿмֺ
һϯúܶྺ߶üͷҲǰȻʵǵҲ뵽һͲģؾеõģ洫ģֻʮţ
ĻǷһŷֽνʦᵣΣ
ʵ˵ˣЩԽܣһСȴŰ
뷨ܶ˶Щ˽˶޷ţ裬ⲻ
ڶߵĳ֣⣬ڶ߲ҲбվԼ
Ҫĳ۸һʥضϸİ׵飬ڳĴûһúŪģ
΢Ʈ̨ϣ΢΢һЦ˵ȻɣҾ͵ڻһŰɣ


1640 
һ䣬ƯеĻϵȻ鶯һ£ȫû뵽Ľ顣
ֱֽ죡
Ҫ֪ʦķһ㶼֮УаĻҼˣҲвСʧʡ
οָĽӵǧϸСģӳ̶Ѿ˾Ʒķ
Ŀ֮£һʧܣճ
ʲõģʧһΣţټôӵһҪĴǶƷʦҲֻܳһΣҪڶΣϢüʱҳɹʿٶ½
£ûĸʦҵڱݽӽԼ޵ķֻܹ˵һ⣬ǾķѾﵽһּµš
뵽ģڳʦȻҲ뵽ˣͬ⻰壬̫ˣͲʧô
СԼġòǳŵʵΪʱ˻˵󻰡
ͻȻ䡭
ԭɫôõĲϣȴ¶һ˿Цڸںڶ۾һ˿޵ʡ
ȻķĲ٣Ͼ̫ᣬ̫ſݲñ㣬ȴ֪ΪĺڰʦڹۿķһֶΣǵҵķǵڽָܳң
뵽۾е̰֮ɫԽԽŨһʦķܻй¶һЩܳЩܣʦҲ۲ⲻʲôںڰʦУᱻ޷Ŵ󣡻Ǿͨ˵
ڴ֮ǰרųƽٻʱѾ͸ٻϸСĺṹǶںȫ⣬ڣţȻַܴУҵһЩʾ
ʧˣܿܶණҵʱ򻹿侮ʯشһСӡ
ʱ룬вٸһĺڰʦ
ЩڰʦһҪֲϣĳᣬȻǶˣЩˣһо˷ٻļƻȥ
ʱ򣬶һ˼ܶˣаϲ
ͷ࣬ʢסȻǰķõúܣõúܣ
ĸʦѴдɵǵùˣΪ˳ͷȻʾƽĴУҲʱǻǲԴպǰ;
һЩڰʦ뵽࣬ࡣ
һʱ䣬ܶڰʦ޵ΧѾĻеĿȣľٶΡ
ҶƷĺڰʦҲƷģҲʥ۷ϵΪкܶˣǽ
ЩˣԺڰط۲ַҪų֪ÿһȻǷǳľٶǲģΪǵΪ˺ܶ࣬ټǺڰе͵ַ͵ͬʦķδػᱻԷ֡
ٺ١Ҫ֤ǵȻŵǷˡϷû
ɬ촽ǿѹе˷ܺͿͬķ֤顣
ǾͿ쿪ʼɣ
̨£Ҳڴߴ٣ЩˣһЩͨڣΪ˼ʶ漣ĵкܶ࣬ȴڰĺڰʦ
á
İڳԼıʣлķҪõļ̣ȴûеһʱòϳ˫ֱЦеĿ
Ŀעӣһ֪ͣΪʲôоĿ·һĪһЩ
ɡʲô
ͣʮϢʱ䣬Щ﷢飬ü㻹ѵֻƣ
⼤ȻһףͻȻЦˣĬĬĶŻڶסͣ˺һһһٵ˵Һ񡭡֪ˡ
û뵽ʱͻȻ׳һ仰ȻһΣƯȡ
üͷһ壬򶨵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ţ֪ˡ˵Բԣʦ
˵ţǷһζĻȣһ仰ȫڶһ£
꣬ɱĶ࣡
ǲʦˣҲв˵Ĵ˵Ƕ˵ǳҲˣ
ķƷպݶɱɫ
ӶС֮ŮΪ¯ɱǧˣᦣ֮޶
˵Ƽǧ֮Ůǧ󹬣ÿճУǽʿ뼸ʮòŮ棬黨·ݳֱ֮۳һ㣡
ܶжʮֱӡ
һʱ䣬ɫѿ벻ôϳݵģ
δı棬ңطԼΪϢ£벻ϳĿܣ
ѵǡԼĺڰ
ôᡭֻǸ࣬ôԼĸ֪ģ
еţ
µòǷ˻ĺڰʦ
̳򴨵ļ䣬˱ͲʲôûɫԺڰ͵֮Ҳ˽⣬Ϊǿľԭ͸֪˻͵ĸ֪Ա򴨵ļ䣬ʱ֪ʲôˡ
һԼΪĺڰʦƷƷ⡣
ĺڰʦԼе⣬һֱۺô²ǸͼƽԼٻΪʧڻֵʦأ
ʱϷ΢Цʺʦȴδı棬֪ϴƽٻʧܵ޺û
˵ģô˵һ٣ǻǸʱһҲҲסˡ
ǴƽжԶʹԣǲǲƸʧҲʧĵĴ
޲ð̻ˣ
ʱڰʦз׷һֲԤУƲǣһ𳷻ؿ̽ĸ֪׷ȫϢ±ʲô
һĻʣȴǷһ΢Ļȣǰɨȫ
ĿںüطͣƵĿڵûʼôͳأղƺǡʮŹɸ֪֪û©أ
һ˵ȫڰʦпһ£ܶˣ߳亹
֪̽ʱʵһЩ֪ͬϵϵͬҲӦģǼͬʱ͵һۡĶ¶ԷεٺãܻһЩ
ȴ֪ղȴʮɸ֪ǲʮô׼ȷ֣ȴҲ˵׼


1641 
СӣȻ˿ˣǿĻҲû⣬ôܣ
˷֣ζǰ󱲣ԶԶǵˣҲ޹Щڰʦȫ亹ˣ
̫ˣ
ɣǰһ֣
ʱһʮӲӵķķɳͬŸһʮŸضĵطͣĳһ˵Ͽա
ЩˣͨλģҲͨеģһģǶʥ۷ϵΪ
оЩ˵Ϊڳйڣǵһ
Ƕɵӣ鵽һĻǲ˽Ҳ֪ʲôˣЩˣ͵ȴˣ
ɹؼǣЩΪʥ۷ǽǵ͵ôᱻһС֣
ܶ˶о˼飬ƴĵҪʲôȻȷʵѽ
⵽ô¡
ѵһϹαװģ
ȻȴдǿҡͷᣬֻȫʮӢܵ̽£ܽΪ͹αװôĳ̶ȣ𣬸ôĵɣƭһȺʲô壬˵ˣڳǿأǰαװΪǾ͸ˣ
һĻҲǿ϶Ϊ͹䡣
úܶ˳Ծ޷
ʱ̨ϵģ𾪵ͬʱɫҲʮλıǵѣվô
Įͱˣ
ЩڰʦȻù⣬ҲݵˣʲôʱԴ
û˶ĲΪ⣬ЦһҲǵͬУǺܱǸﲻӭǣʦᣬڰʦ绮޵ģ
ıΪ˱ֹй벻ⷬ˵ȴЦγϣˣ׻˵ȻָҲǳȥҪͿɡ
ʲô
˻һǻڰʦڡģסˣʲô˼
ءһת
һҲǰ׿ǣ֮ǰǵʮŸڰʦҪǧֵĹۿáȻʧܣɹĹۿãȫ˻
һȫڶˣ
һǧʮŸ˾ǲڰ
Ǯ׬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǧɲһСĿϯķãǧһֻ𼶵ĴŻһڽǿߣһ㶼ͨС
ЩڰʦҲͨУȻôѡҲΪ͵ԭ
ǧʵҲ𣬺ڰʦΪǼùĽףҲҲ۾գգóȻʹһģ
ô˵ʱһԵѦȴе㵣ĵĴɲҪ嶯ڰʦ֪ǰʹˣôʱ䴫ܸ󲻵ǹĦǲ̫ΣˣһĴй¶ȥĻ
ѦͷʵΪģĴУֵ̫ˣΪϴλٻʧܾ͹ţϾƺԹ
ûѦͷĻ͹Цǳţ»㲻ǹĦǮˣ˼˼ǧôãҳˣ
ԻңȻںǧ
ʱȴЦһ˻˫һ̯˵ܱǸղƺû˵ǣ֮ǰǵʮŸڰʦҪǧֵĹۿáʮ棬ɲ㰡ҪշѾ͵ùһ㣬ڣ
ʲô
ҭ
Թ޵Ķʲô˼
ƺҪԼпĿ⣬Ȼ˵۸ȻҶ㲻ˣû㣡ʦ⣬صʱʦĶҲշѹһ㣬ǲƽ
㣡һǵͨ죬óҲ˽ǣ
շѣ׼˻ȺڰʦңһǾܾģֲܾõļ۸
ʱ̤ǰһ˵λǳ۸Ļ뿪ˣĳԭͲӭڰʦ˵ģ
Ҳ̾Сӣ治Ǹʡ͵ĵƣ˭ҪΪСǾԼˣ
Ŀ֮£ƷĸһȺƷƷϵĺڰʦĿŵĿ̽ܣǮɲһеģ
ѦƷʦûӣ
ããõúܣһ˵֣ɴժԼͷϵĺڶ¶һޱȲϵףʱһ˫ǵ۾͸Ѫ⡣
ڣҳˣ
Ҳ˻
µѾ൱սˣ
һ䲻һСսĻսҽӵĻǿ»ᱻͬдЦ
ͬʱڹϯϣҲȺʮŸÿһ֮Уǧ֣
ʦǰºڰʦҲˣЩˣһа
²ƽҲȻܿණպаǧ򣬲׽
ЩˣСħɣСħɿϲһâĻֿһŴŵĻ򣬰лֶˡ
оֵСħЦÿҪϲ£죬Ǻǣֱָ̫׬Ǯˡ˵ƷǷûʼأ׬˿˸˰
СħɵĻڳǶǻȻǰ֮ǰЦҪĳΪҪָЦڰûʼأ͵ְڣ׬ģ̫ˣ
ڹϯϣһԽԽо̨ϵǸ꣬ɲһֱΪԼѾǿʵԶ֪һʲô˵
ڻֱ֣ǮôĿŵ˳һںڰʦ綦ĺڰʦԹǮĿãֻ˵ĻһΪǵ;˵񾭲
СֵܣԿʼˡʱĳͷҲܺ棬šòôһʱңѾˡ
ķҪ־ϸ󷨣ķЧʻܵ¡
ٺ٣Ҫʲôͷ֣Ѧͷ̤ǰһӧ
󷨵ҪþЭϣǼƷ󷨴ϣЧҲȵһƷʦ
Ѧͷ֣Ƿǳݳ޵飬֪ܶѦͷʦλˣǰզࡣ
ллǰˣӿһůܸܵѦϵĹУɣûд͸ߵȼֵ֧£һʡܶƵĸá
ʲôʱķˣղյİڷһھ
Ѧͷ˵ҭˣͷԲģʵֳһڶԻûʲô֪ѦͷʵֻڿЦ


1642 VS
ħƵĴֽóʯϵ̨һѶѻɽĸֲϡ
óϵͬʱѾȫԼ͵ĻԴøƵģŸɬ촽ȫ񶼼һһϣΨִ©κһϸڡ
õĲϲϡ棬ıϣҲӼ֡⼸ֲˣҲڹס
ܿжϡ
ʱѦѾӹһЩϣʼɵĴһЩʲȥֽ⡭
óǲеľݣָ·Ǿ׼ҩиһ׼Сڡ
һӿݵУʱһΪ֭Һ
һĪӿÿһξ֭Һɸɾӿ˫־趯ÿһˮɾһһǳ֮С
νпŵп֡
ȻĶ˿ֻЩС
һЩʦſţ˽ȥʼĸĶʼбȻ׽ÿһ׼ȷ켣
֪Щ켣漰ȡ֭Һ͸΢仯
Щ仯ȥϡƽʵ⡣ֻʦܸоһЩа
ɫƾȡ֭ҺֶΣ㹻úܶƷʦգ
ķĳ˵ȴһ
ȫͶ뵽ķУȡҺȡɹֱӽһ衣
ı֭Һһ㣬ҷǵ켣ӿۻ̶סգ֭Һӡϡ
ʼȫעЩϸСķģԺÿһľ仯ݡ
ЩݣǰŬĻۡκһϸ΢ı仯ԺֻҪչֳɡ
һĶһʻָš
·켣һεڳֵķУ˵غ
ǲˣ⾪˵𺳡
ԭȻôƯ
ʱĻĿӿһȣ΢΢Ķÿһϸ΢Ժ
˻ֵĺڰʦҲȫÿһ
Ȼȴ֣Ѿˣ
ǼǲסĶҲǿƵķģǲ֪ôʲô˼
ʹֺڰʦķطҲûзЩϸС֮䵽ôġ
һһĻÿһĻϡ
ЩڰʦѾʼ߳亹ˣ
ʱܳתۼ䣬ʱȥˡ
ҲɣĶͷѾ߳˾Өĺ飬һԵСħɣȴҸһ£Ψִŵ
֮ǰͨµŬָĽķϣɹʶߡ
а߳ɣԴﵽųϡ
ų㲻ðٷְٵĳɹʣԼġľת£ϧĵȥȫһȴĳɹʴﵽٷְ٣
һĳУʱǧƬķĶ·˹ưӿһɹɺ
ˡ
һڵĻķϢû˷ĵС
棬յ֮
ɶ˵һʵԣСħѾԼڵ֮𣬻뵽ķ֮С
Сħɵ֮𣬵ȻҪľࡣ
һĻúܶڶǾ㵲ѣ֮ǰһֱߵĺСŮԭΪֻһƿû뵽Ȼƿ˾Ļ棬ڻϵϣƺﵽˡ⾳
һúܶϵյľ磡СҲǸͺΪ
磬ôˣһŽͯŮ⻹˵ã
ʱԽԽ죬˫ڿлĲӰһڻÿһĵС
еķģһӾǱ·涼ĴһֻڷˣҪչ衣
ڵĻеķһԾ赸
˶ĿⲻаŲƿгֵľ޴ġ
Ŀתסˣ֪ؼʱˣ
ľķںڣ˵ںḶ́
ָһһö̵֮ķϡеı̻꼶ģҲڲϵһ֡
ʱлһ˼켣Щ켣޿׽ͨ˿һۣһͷĿѣ

ɴ˫ۣӶɳˣǵȵһ̣ƫƫЩȫ⣡пȻʱҫ۵İ׹˻Ұúۣӭᣬ˫ĿѪ죡
ɢĹâϣǽǿ߶ܣʥģֲʧпܣ
˫ĿҪѪȻ֪ЩĹ켣ǿԭ
Ȼƾеĺڰֶζȥˣƴ۾ѪȴɿŪ
ôܣ״ˣ
Ҫץˣʱʱڷɿš
޾ǹ۵һʱ·һɲһƽķֽ֮ϡ
ɣ
һҲǼΪ˱֤һŸĽٷְٵĳɹʣʹ伫Ҳʹãһʮ
һе΢΢ס̨űƽȡ
ʱѦͷѾȲĽӹķ
Ŀ񣬸֪ĹƣѦͷʱ̾
Сӣ֮ǰһ
ѦͷĻ˹ڵľ̾ʱĶ˵ֱӿ˲󷨣
ʱѾû˻ˣҲֻĿãܸγ𺳣
ĵĻþ޳ֵһɲǣһµľ죬죬Ѧͷָɾ䣬ֱһͷˣ
ʵ̫ˣȷʵȵһεĻǿ
۷ʥʹãȻѦͷֻҪܴеĻشǲģ
Խ֮ѦͷͻȻµٺЦʵ˵ͷҿղŲӶ쳶ˣ㿴ʲôôȻѦͷںڰʦῴɫɫܲ³ջˣʱĻڳɹˣ
ʲôҲû˵Ŀһۣ̺ɱ֮ɫһ۲ĬĬ˻ԼĹ
ˡ΢΢һЦ̨λʼСֵܡ
õġӦһһֽ֮ϣıʹעһӡǣӡ̺е겨١
ĽֻüϢʱƮƮǷ̨ϣ˵λĳд˴Ƿû㿪ʼɣ


1643 
λ᳤ϽİɣֹѾ֤ԼʵİճǵĶԸ⾺ģ
ǼǵŷƣҲԸ⡭
һʱ˷׷׼ߴĸϽʼ
һĻ΢΢һЦȻˣôҲϻˣڿʼ׼Ϊ㣡ÿμӼۣǧ򣡡
׼ۣ
һ䣬ԻȻ
ڿͼۣΪڳ˾ʧȥߣ޷ļ۸񵽵жߣſĳһ
෴ߵĵ׼ۣȴýм۵˺ܶ࣬ɻȾľ档
ҲƽһΣڴ֮ǰûгԹֱһ׳٣ĳ·ʥضԸˣ
ֻһܴεļ۸Ļĳᣬ⵽ͬгЦģڿԺܵͣ
һôĳᣬȴһ棡
һڣ
ɢϯϣ˿ʼˡ
һǧ򣡡
ڣ
ǻ䣬˼Ӽۣмͬʱ
һʼɢϯϵ߾Ȳĺۡ
һڣڣ
ֱЦ
ղŵһߴĻ᳤ճǶм˵
ֻǻķ˰ˣǺһڣ˼ô
ʱվҶ壬ʮڣ
λ۽ĲͬǶһжϲͬ
ɢϵ˶һǻһڵĽУתۼ䣬˼ҽмʮڣͷ
ʮڣ
ڹϯϵĳһ䣬һȻ֪м۵˭
ʮڣһֱԵλʦ֣ĬһͻȻڽмۡ
ǼʥأȻνмˣ
һѾһνĻᣬڼʶ츳ôܻڶδ᣿
ڶҲǸҪģƷķԿսʥصʱЧ˵ˣ
ȻʦҲ֪ʮڵļ۸ֻ𲽶ѣҪԶ
ʮڡױߣһصĹϯ˴ȻϣʮڻԶ
ʱɢϯѾû˿ˡ
ǹϯ֮ھ
ʱ򣬽мѾԻʮڵļ۸ѾӽֵޣǺܶĹϯˣʼøϵǵܲ
ЩϵطУ롰ǧġƵĵߣֻҪһλУ۸ŶԶܽϢ
߳ϣҪ㱨һ顣иʦһԾǰϱ𼤶˵
뿪һ´ӰҪһƷӰ¾׼ٶʮڵĻ֡
ʱѦͷԵʱ򣬾вˣӰ¼
һͨͨѶʯ𣬹ϯԽԽⳡĵУ
ͨû꣬Ͷʮˣˣ
Űŭղźò˶ʮڵĻ֣Ҫмۣתۼ䣬۸ͳʮˣǶʮڣģ
ʦòҪżѾϵ칬೤ϣҪǰæˡ
ΪսʥصĴսǼʥصŴĵһɶˡ
ٳۣǳó˽вƸƴˣʱŻٽЩֻλϡ
۸ʮڵʱ᳡Ѿ
ΪһдµǷм۶ʮڣǶһ£
ʮڣճǵĶҧ׳ļλȻѾƸ۵Ĵ㣬ȴûֹļ۸
ǣʮڵļ۸ĵĻᶼûУʱŴӺ˳ͤͤƯϿգĵʮڣ
ѾȫȥˣĻ֣Ϊԣû뵽ڣѾĸɾˣ̫Ļİ͸ˣ
ѾˣĻ֣취
ۿѾӽʮڵĵزѾɫ΢䣬ʮڵļ۸ҲûסЩߡڱصã뵽˺Ļ֡ȴû뵽һŰƴɱ˲ҵĵز
̧֣ҪٴγۣȻȴĶţɲһСĿǶ壬ҲЩܲˡ
ҧٽмۣʱλڹϯ˵λϣһĮϵʮڣ
һ˶һǷ׷ڵķ򣬺ܶ˶ʱһ
ڵİ䣡
𣬾Ȼڽмˣ
𣬴ῪʼڣûпԹȻеΪֹûǵĶ
һΣȴˣһڣһ˾㤵ļ۸
ڴ֮ǰ˭뵽һĳһοڽгȻΪһǿߴµİ
ʮڡ
ɫ԰ףȻʮڵļ۸һӾʧȥ˼۵Ƕ壬Ӹ
𾺼ۣǲÿ˶ģⲻڼ۸ϵѹҲʵѹѰߣĸҸ£
ʱһ֮УȴҧһĲһеʮһڣ
һŮǿĴ͸ȫһʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣡
ǶˣŮӣȻа壡
ʱţؾҵţĺ󱳺ģ߳˺ˮֱϣѹ֪
ʮڣ
Įһοۣ
ʮڣ
ƺ˻Ϸ䣡
Ŷü΢ƺȥϢ֮һδȫʮڣ
֮Уעһǿƣֲĸо
ʮڵļ۸ȫж͵һ£
ʱɫ΢ף·ͻȻһ߸Ǽʥϵһ棬ʵѾˣ
ʦãɣˣǻбĻᡣŵʦЩĵ˵
ʱţɫͨ죬㺹ꡣ
ҧƺҪۣվûеͻ𿪳ʮۡ
ʱ䣬Ŀ⣬鵭Ȼ΢΢һ˵֡
ſ֮һ˵ǣ
򵥵֣ȴŽһȻһй
֪Ȼ취ҪԼĶˡ
һůӶЩɬˡ
лл
³֣Щѵ˻Լİ֮УûпڣҲȷʵû취ˡ
ʮڣû˳߼۸񣿡
ɨȫĿһ𡪡΢ķŴͣȻŮ𣬲ûпڡ
ûټӼۡ
ôԤۼ۸Ϊʮڣϲ𣡡
Ĵ鳵һֶ̣Щ
һѾֹ֪ٴᣬĳ۸񳬹ʮڵıһǷĵʮڣȴǵһΣ
ƽÿһ߰ٶʮһզļ۸
ƾһڻһΣȻŵİ;ʮǧ
һʻ÷񶼲ݣ
ʮڵĳɽ۸ȫžã
Ƭ֮󣬲Ϊ𺳶Է
ϢͱĴֶͨδ˳ȥ
˵ƽʱǻܻڳ߸ɴ˵ɵƣŰ
˭˵ɵƣ۹⣬һܱȵģ
ݣᵱС᳴
ʹãϢ˸һɣ
ԭĳᣬ͵õ˺ܶ˵ĹעΪ˲෹Ļ⣬ڣĳֱһϡ
ԭ°ˣһС
ˣСֳʮڣаʦڵļʮڰʦ棬ķ
׵ǣСºڰʦĦܼƽڵĹĦѣ
ɫƺЩڰʦⳡѪĹĦ֮Уûѧʲô
úܶĿ࣬ҲʹϢԽԽ㣡
һʱ䣬ʮСʮʱʮǧ򡱵ţ鱨֯¥֮УҲǲϵϢ˵ǵˣ
ҲʹĳᱻעȶѸ
ܶˣΪϢʼĳǸϣۿĻʵ޷ţһСô漣
Ȼ鵽ﻹû꣡
ǶΪΰΪ˴ĳľţڸΧڣУҲܳԽʱʦᣬȴֱһǾĪϢ
ǾǣĽߡڰ֮󣬼һָĽķа
аĴǰĳᣡ
һʱ䣬·
в𼶵ҲĵĽĳǡ


1644 Ⱥ
µʱ䣬һζš
ڼ䣬ﲩҲ˼ƷһҸ߳
Ϊ˽ֵҲΪעĿģδһа
ǰʦѾһöĽǷһʷϵ漣
ڣųƱȸĽǿаָǺεȵľޣ
еĿ⣬۽Ǽаϡ
һᣬǸĽڻ˽ڵһƱǿޣξۺϵΣͨ¼ӰѾͨĳȻķ
ӰˣĪ𶯡
··һЩ˵һε漣׷׸
֮õĵȴɿǴĻɽ
һ죬ģƽľ棬͸Ө
ĳǴ򿪳ǳؽͼʼд˷ͨʻһɾ߶ľ޴
䡪䡪䡪
ÿһҴֻɶߣ籦
һ׾ķǳһҾ޴Χ
Թԣÿһұ棬ɡ˲ˣʢᣬʵ̫ʢ󡭡ȺĳǵĺͶͷϵıޡ
Ա߶ʱĳǵмĿһǲ̾ĺͣ͵ΪߣֻǿһЩӪ׬ǮˣûжٵλģҲò𾴣ЩŵģǼ檣ӵļ檡
ʲô檣Ǻ͵ɴ۾Щš
ʲôֵġ˵ЩͷݣѹǧꡣһֱٳĳǣεıﲩԽԽÿˣ
𣿡
ǺȻһһ
ķԣȻûʲôãǶԣȴôս
ķȻǣʵĻ֣ҲֻԳʱ¾׸òüӼۣ˵Ļվûӡ
ԽԽƼ½дϵ
бݣֶ˰˸һȿռ侧ʯĿռͨͨһԲƵľ޴ϯ䡣
ӵտȥǳǱ˰˸֡
ʱ棬ÿһ涼ϯ
ǰѾ˼Ǹû̫ĺ䶯
ΧԵúܹ죬ÿϯûж󶯾
һŸߵɳ©ɳɳɳҪ׵ʱ
లİ棬ʱɧ
̨ϣһһ˿̨΢Ц˵øλ𾴵ĹǵȺˣеģа
Ļȴ¡¡ĻڳǱÿһ䣬ÿ档
ղŻЩİʱȥ
аҪʼˣ
аܹȸĽǿ󣿡ܶ˱˼ȵĿ⣬ȫǰ̨һɫʯС
аųƱǸĽǿǿ
ڹϯϣ˳ʵ
ʵһΣ֮⣬ȻҲ֮͵μаȴѹûָԼܹĳɹ
Ͼ֮ǰļ۸Ѿ̾οųƱǿаԤϣᱻƵεȿֲļλϡǴˣֻۿа
ϵȳְʯϣתͷʱһĬĮ̆ǰͦΣȽƺÿһ̤Ĺĵϡ
ˣ
һΣа
ֻаչʾǰ辺ǿҵĸйٴ̼ĳа
ߣ
᳡ʶ̫ˡ
ʶеһʱ䣬ĸоӹϯͶ̫ɸ֪Լϡ
м֪Ԩ纣ǰЩڰʦԼϵֲ̽ʮ
ȻЩ֪·λܣȻҲ
Щ֪ûðҲûͼ̽ľ֮ƤƺʵʻĿϡ
ûĥ䣬˫ʯϻ·ƷĺжʱֳһűɫĹ׾ġ
һ֣ȻһֲϵϢȻǸոõķ
صķ򲨶ϯһʵֲߣʹͷָͷӰ㣬ƺЩ·ĺ塣
Ȼĵ·µģ𼶵ǿߣܿе
ƾ㣬Ҳüͷ壬޷͸Ҳֻܽᵽѧ⴫УǸǿصʦһ
ʱ̨ϣа񶼳С
˫ͫԼϵ˸棬һڵ֮𻺻žȼ
һĪĺϢǷк
а֮ڿͬʱ˫ϵ
Ҳаʺϵʾߣ
аһǳķ̥˫ȴ˫Ѿ˱ʵĲͬ
⹦Чûоָѧаʹ÷Ǹ޷ӳа
ŵ˵һķֽ׶ɵ۷Ʒ
ʱֱĻ
䡪

һεĻȴһεԭʼԭĻɳɱ
еĹڣһƬɳ֮УעɳĮ֮е
ǶڴţʦдȾа֮


1645 һ
ڻɳϡԿƵĶϯ
ɫ統У˫ͫ˸
Ŀ˲ſǶȫȻźɫƬɷǹ졣
ޣ
ϯϣܿϳеޣ޵Ĺǿȴгǿķ
ңԶĴǿߣ޵ƶǱǨ㡣
ⶫķͨҪǿüﵽĴˮƽ
ĳᣬȻô˵аȻҲζţǶаʮģ
Ѳɣа˵
ʱĵģ˶ȴŴ𰸡
а֮УһڵĻɫͬʱ۶ĵĻһ
׻֮޷ڵһɲǣĸ֪Уʱĳӷ·ɳ©лʵɳ
аǣǰա
ʳָͻȻͬˮʯͷаһǣĨ
˫ͫʱһϸ˿ĵâеһĨϡ
һھ𣬲һĨϡ
ǰһʵʻĻ·εĴ֣ѸǣĨд˸ƯĽᣬһʻų
̣ٶȺȻƺת˲ɡ
ԶĵطĮԵشѾԼԿɾһĴ׳磬ڵɹ
ȴȴվǰֻһͬƷһ׻֮⡣
ĲʦרĲкܴĲͬרֻǻ󣬶ȴǻɱ
վŲ󷨹ĻǾԻˣ
ڸʲôôоҪа޾Ҫˣ
ۿһȦһȦĿ棬תаȴٳٲǲɻҪʲô
аԼҲܵըĲ
ۿѾ嵽ʮɷΧڣ룬Ѿѵʱˣ
ʱǰһƷһУԷĳһ˿߻ϸС·ǣȥ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬һϸ߷׷׷ɢΧΧÿһ·һڳ˶ǰδ·ƺ̺ǧϵı仯ÿһ·֮䣬˴ֻ¼ǧεı仯ֻһ˲䣬Щǣ·γ˰˿ߣ߾˿ߣһ϶ɫͼ
ʱϯĿɳȴȫеסͼû
һĻСħ̲סһȻ϶û£龰Сħһ
¡
һ죡
ٶȴﵽ˼£ޱǿޣ޻ڵĳ׻ͼ֮ϣ
һɲǣ·ʯأǿĳϯֻɳ
˿ֲƺڲǷ׷ȣһЩΪһЩߣ̲ס
Ȼͷβûйһ׻ͼȥֵ޵ײ
ۿŻɳ֮еޣ׻ͼײͷ­ȾѪ׻ͼȴֻ΢΢Σȫû˼ͨȫһаȥֵѵ˵һԵķ
ͷԵķʮټֵȹԵķҪܶ
֮ǰĳаӦһƻķǣ
ϸ룬ʱͻȻ˫аƽƳȥ
ԭƴСаͻȻ䱩ǣΧϸܵ˿ͻ˿˾޴У˲ϢǵأһŴһ㣬Ȼֻ;޴ް˽ȥ
һɲǣ޾ɳ֮У̫ͬҫ۵Ĺâ
âУˆ磬ӿһ
һ𣬾һһͬ˻
춯صıըһĴ洫ضҫĩ١
¡졣
м棬޵һ޺𣬵ǺԽԽͳޡ
ըҫ۵ĹâγޱȴִתѸת·˺ѿأΧĴֱӱѳ֡
ոձըĵطѳ䲻׵ĿӶ
ֻ˵ޣƬѾɾ޴βڴϻڶ
ȻţѾǽࡢ١
аӡ·ǣתγ·Ҳϻ桢˫⡪ԤϵĲ࣬תܹҲͷųĵ˲γɷЧ
ǰһĻǼһκ飬жаʮ⡣
а̫ѪаĹУ򶼾࡭
аˣȴһ̣ȫ˵ʲô
⾹Ȼһţһķ
һķһʹõģҪôҪôаγɵ׻֮ȴǹһ壡
룬ɱƴȫѾ;ƿݵʱ
ľƴʱһóаֵ˶ԷȫһͬʱֱֲĹԷֱڿµ֮УǽʲôЧ
ңа۷ǹﵽʮֿµĵزޣַɱ޶ܱһϢ
Ҳ˵Ǵ˽аԣһСıһ£ҲǱˣ
һʱ䣬ռǱﾲĵģǴصĺźԶ
ʱڸ߿һű겻׻֮·Ҳͬʱһۣ޾ǹ
Щ׻֮һɾ޴еžһγһķϡ
аˣ
һĻȻԤϣ΢ţ𺳵˵ˡ
ظʹãǡַı־
ǣʼԭͱԭûǿ٣ظʹûʲô
ǿףظʹã˾̾ˣǣĳʮڵۡ
ڣаһ壬ҹУı仯ƺкܶأûüչ֡
һ˵ı̬ķȻҲظʹã
ֱƻĶѽкüа֣ܸͨĴаˣ
սУǸǲ˵ͬٻаŸ߲֮սʹаһԭҪսĽΪʤĻһһ⣬֪ζŶٲƸ
Ҫ֪ÿһԴѻģ
뵽ϯеļ𣬶Ϊ֮ݡ


1646 
СֵܵĲѾˣѦϣһķļ𡣡һ鼤ԤУᣬٴһ¸ߣ
Ѧһ£ĿĴӻŲƿ
Ѧϳ˼Ϣʱ䣬˵СѣаܹüΣ
ѦĿͰ
Ĵΰɡһ£˵ʹãܹõϣ˾ûˡΪǹ汸󣬶ķϸСĵĸظһЩֻôˡ
аķУʹôٵһ֡
ǿĴۣ˷
ԵļƷķ
ʹôҪ㣬ʹʮΣҲԱȵһδĹ
ǿ󣬼ķͿԱƷϵȣΪһԣʹõŵ㣬ҪģʹҪƷϵȵķ࣬ʶļֵȻһƷϵȵķܱˣ۸ϷԹ⣬Ҫˡ
Ѧϳ˼һܽԵķԡ
ƷϵȣѾǴˣ
Ʒϵȣܶ󰵰զ࣬ķռߵĻδزƷķٹ꣬׼Ʒķ
׼Ʒʲô
ǿãԶ԰벽ǿв
ǺöȻǱǸĽǿβС
Ȼ˵аƵʱԳʱڣƺҲԷصģ
ʵҲԶͬߣֻ磬ʹķҪʥ۷ʵŪͿݽˡ
֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䣬ʱǲѹƺΪӶĴ漣Ƕԭֻһߵʵ
ȻˣλڿʼķǷ׼Ϊ㣬ÿμӼۣǧ֣
ھĦȭƣҪ񾺼۵ʱһǷʲôʱ֣
ԹϯһݵĲɣ֮У·仰֮У̺µ⾳
һ׷ǹϯȥʱȻ
ʻˣĹӣΪǧǰͻ𣬶϶һЩԡ
𾳽ʦһķ
аиԾԵͽ׵ʹãʦҲû¡
һۿаĸ֮Щ⾹ȻֻһƷķ
ӦģԽǸӵķѶȾԽԽҲԽʧܣ
аǷ˵ɣʵҪȴףߣΪߡ
ӵĿ⣬󷨣Ͷϡ
ģྺߣҲ
΢΢˵šꡣ
аĳɹʣڶҲ߳ҡ
ԵʾȴʾаƾĵȥͶ뵽аĻ֮УһŲСĿʧܣ
ңһаҲҪĴһһš
ٿڼ䣬Ҫʶ˵ʱ䡣
ҲܹܵʱΣڼ䣬ȻٶҲ澻ʶʵϣҲòôá
Ŷ
΢΢һ
˲ʱζʲôΪʦȻ֪аζʲôа˵һƷʦһ඼Ҫľ
ãǷûʲôǣҪһޣаϣÿµʱ䣬ʦᶼ˽õķ͵ڣܽķĻҪֻ֧Ļ֣
һ˵ڳľ߶һݣɹݵģ
޷ڹ涨ʱ񣬻һֶ̲ţҪϲǮʹľѪ
궼׸ˣ
ܶʦզࡣ
˵ȻǷȻи綨ޣֻûʮˣҴӦаѶȣֱ˺¡
ӵĻӮòҵһͬЩ·ĶϵΪȻаҲΪһʱ嶯ΪһŰֽ񾺼ۡ
ھ֮ǰ㿪һ˾ѹ
˵Ŀ⣬һʱ䶼ϡ
ĳϣѹȸУȷʵһܳܵģƽ΢΢һ£˵ԣ
򵥵֣ȴ˶΢΢𺳣ľôӦˡ
ʵھˣ˿ķĻƣ
Ҳϣһ
һתü΢ĵ˵ɡ
ûʲôرģֻҪڳ۵ʱһĻ֣ϡ֧
оԼĻѾˣҪǲϡ
رϡϣмС
ãû⣡
һڴӦҲĬˡ
ʱӸûеʼֱӿڵԿʼ˰ɣҾ͵һ۰ɣʮڣ
ӵĮ˵
һۣùϯϵĺֱܶҭסˡ
׼ۣȴһͿʮڣڳֹųɾŵߣֱϨˡǸ᲻мˡ
ԭǺܶˣŽмμ۵˼ǵûָаֻ̨ۣͬͬʱ뵽аʢУպҲдʱѡ
û뵽Ӹûǻᡣ
аģһʼ֮ľ
᳡һʱȥаԶûм۲Ȼ졣
һΪƵս
Ȼƣÿһνм۶˴Ŀģ
ʮڣ
һŮм۵ˣ΢ǵڶνмۣ۸Ѿ̶ֳˣǼ칬Ǽ𣬶Щ̣
ԤеһΣǼʥؿҪˡ
ʵЩˣ̫ЩǼʥأȴûʣ¶ٲƸˡ
ſǼЩѿɫŲµǼʥҪˡ
ܷջھͿ˽˽ˡ
ȻѾһǧķı֤ʱǼʥķô
ڰĵʱ򣬼۸Ѿʮˣ
м۵΢ƽʮصŮˣƺаڱصá
ʮڣ
Į𣬳˽м۵˶ģĶûвڰ䣬ûһǷг߼۵ģ
Ůˡüͷ壬һʼмʮڣܿţҲֻסЩͨɢϯϵľߣϯûбסýмۻǽмۣþǾ
²Ҫšߣһ˵ʦԸ˵Ȼλߡ
˵ǲҪţ򶨣ҲҪս֮Уսԭȴйء
ʱһӹϯʮڡ
Ǭ𣡡
˾Уλãԭûбܣܶ˵ϢпЩ𵽳ʱ齢ܴ²³Щˡ
ԭֻּһ治֪¹˭֣
Щһһҷ񣬶ǶԣǳǮҪаĿе׼۸жߣ
ϾĲƸȻ࣬Ҳһ׳ʮڣٸеҪϸ
ʮڣӲͷƤ۸оԼѾЩˣǬʱųмۣбսԣҲֻǸոտʼ
Ķ֣ӵȻɵ
ʮڣ
ʮһڣ
Ǭӻȥ۸֪Ҫ١
ڹУ̤𾳽磬ϵľﶼôӣʱҲ΢΢ƽˡ
ʮڣǬȻ۸һڣǬƺҪһ
ͫһ죬վûٸҼӼۡ
ʱһŮȫʮһݵѲݣаˣ
ͻȫһҲһ𣬰ݵѲݣ
ȱѲأ
ĳᣬֻ֮ǣҲǹҪԼѲݸûС
мѲݵƷȻҲǿϡԵ䡷Ҫ󣬵վЧѲݡ
Щ죬ȴǳһЩ;ѰѲݣϢǱ΢֪ˡ
΢а֮ǰ鱨רб
աԵ䡷ļأʮݵѲѾã΢һ׳ݵѲһѲݾټֵʮڻ֡
ټ΢𵥶ʮҲ˵΢һ׳ʮڵۻ֣ƽÿһаҪһǧٶ
۸ԳܣоЩˣ
Ǭȫȥ
ȫ˳õļž֮УĵټӼۣⳡģ΢ʤ
ʮڣټ֮ǰ׬ĲƸ
ö̶̴µʱ䣬ƾŰŪ˰ڻֵܲƸ
ֱ췽ҹ̷
ôΧŰ񾺼ۣܶ˵ȥʵš
ܶ˶ڼȵ𺳡Ľ֮Уþ޷ع
֮࣬Ҳǿеηɻƾճ·ģ֮ǰûйİϢ
ų츳ڵʵ˼Уһᵽ޷ŵĹ䣬ʹͳһԶа漣
֮֮ġַһ𣬱ܶ·Ĵ֪һ
ٶȥڲ֮֮·пܣ
˹עǣƺûмκţ
ĳǱȻҲһ𼶵ƫһˣš
ĳҲֹµʦš
Ҳʹãܶ׳֦
Щ׼һЩϡϣ룬ڣݱĳǸˣ
ʦ֮ǰסۣܶʹߣҪһ棬̸һ¼顣
ȻԴˣȴȫҪץʱһǧķԱ֤ڻǷΪڣѵˣ
ЩȻˣӦģǸʲôͶȻҪõĻر
Ѿ·̫ˡ֮ʹ㷵ЩĶʱδػô򵥵뿪ˡ
ΪЩķʲôģԼóһµķɾ߼ۣαؼܵԼ
ֻҪǵͻڶʱΧҵ֮ǣҲûдӦЩ׶¯ƳԼʵŮҪ˫޵ģҲûʲôȤһžܾˡ


1647 ֮
Ϊַĳ֣ĳӻ𱬣
ַѾδЩ𼶵ﲢûȥڽļУֱƵƵ߼
ҲֹһΣһ굤ϡϡ
굤ΪԼƵģΪ׼ġڹ굤ϧ֮ǰҲʹһЩ֣ʦһ굤Ĳϣһ׼оԼڵѾǿƳЧĵҩˡ
ڼ䣬΢ѲݣҲǰϡ
ݵѲݣǼƷеļƷ
һѲݹǷѿҪʮ֮꣬ɳҪʮꡣ
֮Ҫ죬һػѲݣѽĹʵɡ
Ҫһצ¶ᵽѲݣҪֲУ
һһҩĵļ۸񣬿֪ˣ
˫ľУ֮вɫĲݾвݾǿϽɫĹʵȫѪǣţƺ籡ĸо
Ѳ֮УڵѪ໥ҩѲ̷ȥĺôˣ
ѲݣȲҪʼ̰ˡ
ǣоԼĿǰʵɺȷҩƳɹ
ֻܰе궯Ѳ
ȥˡ
ĳѾӽβ죬УҪһһֱҪĶ
̨ϣòŮһСûɫ˿һС
֮߳߳úõһһ˶ߵıͨѩףһ޴䵶ȴûе
Խȡ˳һʱ䣬֮УɢһۻϢϢһӰƺҪڿշȥһ㣡
ڳˣֻʵӰоΧ䣬ƺһƬã֮Уǻ޹ǣ֮еľ
Լ
۾һԼƶɣһ鱦
Ҳư̫зǳһ֧ͨѩס
ڣٰټҪҵҪȥʮطС
Ҫ̰飬֮ǲĲϣֲʮֺᣬȻὫˣ
а֧֣Լڱصã
λһߣϹż֮еõԼУӡ֮飬սУٻ֮ЭԼսˣԼҲһԼȥɱУ
٩٩̸ܶ߿һԼ۾ˡ
öѽһ鱦鱦֮УҲǲˣ
ȻĲϾ˲ãϡеǣֲϣ߰ڻ˰ɣοƳı
ܶߣǿߣ˫۷Ź⣬ڳĽȻҲƣ鱦ȴ֮٣ܶҲˡ
̨˵ķӦûгĵԤϣ΢΢һЦ˵ڿʼģ׼ʮڻ֣ÿμӼۣǧ֣
ı׼ʱܶͬӭͷһˮһ㣬ԭ²ʱð̾
ǵ׼۾Ҫʮڣճɽ۸ȻߣȥŪôһʲƸ
ʵϣǴҲϵԼģֶֻǰȴ̲סһ£ԼǸǶôˬһ£һ֮ãԼ·ϾҪӵˡ
ֻڣıĵ׼ۣȴǵҲӰˡ
ʮǧ򣡡
֮ͨУһҧгһ֡
ʮǧ򡣡
нмˡ
ʮһڣ
۸ܿ챻һδεˢ£һ˵鱦Ȥм۶ǽԽмʮһ鱦Ľɶҷǳˡ
ʱһϵ
ʮڣ
г۸ģȻһɢϯߣһͼӼڣȻԼڱصá
ǿߺеʮ־ȣɢϯϣȻҲһƾɵĵۣޱ߷Ȼӣȴû˻СΪȻǴ
ܶϵĴ֪ⱲӶ޷ͻƾˣǾͽеľʽռ취ϣԼսӵ¡
ߣȻˡ
ڵ߿ھ۵ʱҲˣָû˵ʮڣ
ͻȫסˣҲһ¡
һڣֱӽм۶ʮڣл֣ǲƴѽ


1648 ϼ
ʮڣһӾ͵ʮڣ
ڳǷ׷׿ڵİ䣬˵ʮֻʹһ£òǻᾺԼˣǽʮڿҵˡ
һӼڣҲѹǻԾ
ļ۸񣡡
ԭ
Щ죬ڵͨ䣬ͱǼסˣҲ͸ɴ಻ø󷨣Щ˿ˡ
۸񱨵ģһھûˡ֮ǰ鱦߼۸ҲʮڶѣǻΪԵʡ
Щ˵ʮڵ鱦¿ߵϽǹ
֮⣬û֪ϽǹۣΪʹթ¿
ĿУԼҪϽǹֵ߳
ԼõĲϣͼֵʮˡ
ңղżԼĿĵĽܣµķ֡
ǾǣԼ֮Уӡ֮飬ڹؼʱٻЭͬԼս
Ŀеġ֮顱ʵǲȱꡣ
Լ֮ʵʵڵķӡһƲȱ꣡ʶŻ֮Լ֡
һ֮ǣһ꣬ãϾ֮ѪʶξģζҪԼ
ʱĿ⣬Ʈ¿ڵĺ֮С
Щ죬¿Ѿ͵˺ܶ࣬Ϊľ߲㣬ԭĿҲΪаʢ¶
͸󷨣Ŀ̬¿С
ʵ¿֪󷨣ܿǲ֪ΪΣĿ⣬¿һݣЩӵĸо
ѹ¿ѹȸУ
Сӣ
¿΢΢ȭУΪ˲ʵԴﵽ۷ʥǲԶȻʵԼȴĸоָо¿ܲ
ʱͶˡ
¿΢΢һʱͨ󷨿ΣĻ
ȷʵԼȤҶѪĻܽмۣҲ֤ʲôʱͣʱףԸ㹻ĻΪԼгļ۸𡣡
һ˵һгƣ¿оЩ顣
ԼĲƸϽǹӻˣʣµģĲƸ
ʲƸҪݵȨ߾ָĶ⶯ãһ׵ļ۸ԼĻ¿òˡ
֪ԼȤжһϽǹ¼ٶһΣˡ
ܹŶʮҵ㡣ԭҪǿҵԼ¿ûеֻΪ˿ڵĻ֣ȥôԼˡ
£ô㣿
¿ߣһͻȻڡ
ߣǾĵһĻţҲ벽ǿߣݵĵλҪ¿һ
¿ĳͻŵ˸û֪ʶĳǺҲû
ѯʣʱ¿Σ˵ֻ֮ǰһǹ
¿ͻʵ飬ߵͷ˵šòҪͻʦδǰ;ԴҲǳĹעĳҲңǴ棡֪ģߴ֮䣬˴˾Ҳǳҡ
ƺµʲô¿˵
ߵĻ¿ʱоǳ˸Ӭһ
ôƺлԹ߻棬һۿ¿ĳͻƺûô򵥡ʲôԭþЩԹ
¿ҧҧѹеþϿҵشǡˣ
ݺݵĿһΣҪ߽ѵ¿飬֪ˡ

ʮڣи߼۸ô
̨ϸ˶һЩԥһ£ƺ㱨ۣվûи
ĲƸ֪ù
ȻĲͬ۽ĲͬվЩ˶ԼĹ۸һţЩУһ꣬ͼֵʮˣ
ʮһڣһɫ԰ףۣ뷢Ǻɫ߿ˣ
һ벽ǿߣʵѾ鱦ˣǶԼȤ
ǹ¼ҹһûʲôòķҲµ
ǴΪг׼۸ѾΪⳡϾˣû뵽
Ŷˡ
ԷһҲ֮ͨУûп󷨣ܴϸܵһɵϢ
ԭˣѪͳô
΢΢üе˽̫ˣѪͳ֡
Ҳ;ˣԼԶԷãһҲԼС
ʮڣĮĿڣƽ
ʮڣüһļ۸Ȼ֪ҷ񣬵ȴ֪Լ׼۵Ƕ١
ΪѪŨȵĲ죬ڵѪ뵱ʱĴϹ࣬ǣħӣ޴гܺϢϴ࣬Ҳʹδܴϸ֮ܵ
ʮڣһָƵ˵ı飬ƺֶԣֻһְˡ
۸̧ز΢΢鶯һ£Ŀһڵķ򣬳ˣԼҶԣŲɹãòҪˣõֻһ鱦ҵõȴ󲻵ô֪㸻УԼʵ޲ôһЩԹ˵ɲǺ¡
ߵĻȴһвζ
ٴξ֣˵ʮڣ
𣿡΢΢һЦұΪһ˻û뵽ȴ㣬ɣԼϣҲдã˵ϡ㲻ЩѪͳˣбҪأ
Ļдһʱо͸ˣϢȻǱһۿôܡ
ȻһЦֵҪᣬǹƽˣвңã
ʮڣ
һαһ˾㤵ļ۸񣬶ıʼƽ
ֱ飬ϣװƵɣϾʮڣóҪ
ǻĻǮǮı飬ȴ֮С
˶ʶֲ£Ƿ׬°ڲƸ˭ܱȣ
㡭
ҧҧĿԹߵĿһۣվǳȥ
ԼôҲֻĿߣʮڣʵڳĲƸˡ
ʮڣмӼ۵ô
˼飬ûټӼۣ֮ԼУ
ˣĳԣԲˡҪģõˡ
Լʮڵļ۸ȻףҲܽܣԭԼĹ۾Ƕʮڣ֪Լ֮л̺һ꣬ټʮҲ̫Կ


1649 춯
ʮ֮ʦһƷ֮У̨ǰ׼ʼһǧŸĽķ
ʮʱ䣬ûţһֱڴɹ
лõ֮ǺѲݣҪϡߵԶ衣
ֲϣʦĲֿУֱ𻨷ںͰڻִʦỻȡҪ֧ľҲԻֲ롣
в֮ʣʮڵĻ֣
Щ֣Ҳû˷ѣʦһ˶ѻɽϣ
ÿĳᣬʦĲϡ͵ҩֿⶼḻģΪ·ľǣѺĲһ֡
ᣬʲôϡԸѺϵѺĲϡ
ЩûлǵĻ֣ͲԸѺĶһòѱг۸һɵĻ֣ЩаѲ
ĻѣҲû⣬ܶϲʱУ壬ûˡ
ʱ䣬ʮڻ֣ʣµĻ֣Ҳֻˡ
ʮڻ֣һöڽ·뿪·ǳ·᷽ܶࡣ
֮⣬һҩĲϡ׾
ŻԪ칬װŵϣһʱҲǳ־Щϣʹúܾúܾˣ֮·ҲЩˡ
ȻƿڶҪ̰黹̫ˣҪʱһǧŸĽа˵һսĥ¡
֮۶⣬棬õߡ
ҲиİգƳ̰顣
ڰУһĻ˫УճһƯ·Ứ
һģһŻ׵ССģγ֡
ҵУȫעеĻͶ뵽ǰаУȻʱš
һԵСħɣһ߹עһߴСħɵΪչٶȱй֮޲Щ꣬ʱСħɵľѾӽˡ
ܻһЩӰ죬Ȼ˵ܶǶ޷ľ棬ͷǿҲֱΪ
ңһ㸡εģ˿˿ƵĻ׵ţС
һϸСģƳһǧٸĳֵʱȻûзֽ֣һʼɳһĹ
ƹ⣬ĲȻϢϢĻĻС
ոҪ⻪ǣһ𣬺Ȼ䣬е⻪ȻĪǣд˸עһƬССķ
κһССģжһƻ
ĽϼӰ£˴˲һƽ⡣ͻ룬ʱƽȫ顣
䣬һƬϸСıըǰը죬ӿһɹɿʧӿȥ
ţһǧƬϸСķ֮䣬˿ֲʽӦ
䡢䡢䡭
ϸСըջ۳һɳĻ׵˿ߣ׵еըನϯתԪҲûʲô󰭡
վԱߣСħɶûзӦСϳźš
ԭأ춼ûκζ
ô£ΪʲôͻȻܿˣѾһж˰
ղź˹ؼʱ̣ͻȻһĪӿ˳ֱƻ˷ƽ⡭
Ļղаÿһ裬Ĳй˸š
ʱͻȻоһɶԼֽ洫
ԣ
æֽ䣬ʱһɺ嫻Ϣˮ˳
Ϣ϶ʥȻǴǾӨ֮ﴫ
ԴӴõö֮ǣһֱûʲô춯
һ̣֮ķӡģȻ˸һ͵Ĺ⻪
е⣬ֽռһĽӡ
һöڵԲС
һСͫ΢ϸֳȻ顣
ڵСȻħ棬ǻսѣǸص޺Уõĺ
öԭҪӴʱʱʱ򣬾ͻҩ;һЩ
ϧչ֪ж٣ȴһֱûʲô
û뵽֮ǣú¶


1650 ̫Լ
һ֮Ǻͺһֽȡ˳֮ǰõ֮֮Ȼͽֽ䣬ͬһƬռ֮УȻϢ໥䡣
ѩ׵֮ǣһ˶ߣȴֻһӴС
ڵĵǣ沼·Щ·һһ·ںһ㣬ںڰ֮γɵ͹󣬰ΧΧγһ㵭ĺΡ
֮£ѩ׵֮ǣҲɢ͵İ׹⡣
һһ׵ԱȣͬѩϷһöʯ
ָ磬Ҹо֮鶯ˣСϵһ𡭡
Сħɣʱվߵ֮ǰ
˫ɣǰ֮Ǻǰĺ˫գһ֮̽ɢ͹·̽âĺ档
ģ֮飬ƺڻĻ֮ССħ߽ظһ顣
ĿҲͬĸо
֮飬ڼȱʧ꣬ûʲôʶֻΪԼԭܵԼ˵Ĳٿء
ڣСȻ޷Լȴƺƾ֮еϵԼеĹ֮飡
֮飬ƺҲûпܡ
ϵԼ֮УƺĸܵһɱϢ
ѪҲʹ֮鹵ͨеı࡭
֮飬ΪȲȱѾûʶ
ǣӵһ˿ܡ
Ӳ֪ǰͱ֮֮У̫ԼΪԼĿܣ
ʱţһ꣬һ꣡
ˣҲżгóߣʶһһ棬ɱ飬Ƴգл˾ͷѾ˾ȴɱԼš
ҪʶĿܣһһ˵ɱ˹ߣϵȥս
֮飬ӿ޾ı
ڣͻȻܵͬϢͬٻ֮飬ûκη͸Ըıٻȥ
ԣԶԼ֮Уóͬһ֣Ҳһֽѡ
Ŀ˺þãֱʱȥ˫ۡ
һ壬Ѫϡ٣ΪȥǱ˴֮䣬໥Ρ
ڶǼҳ㷹ټʮ죬ܷҲãҲãÿڶ֮еɳ
Դ֮ɱԽɣȥ
ޣڶ²ôΪĿ̫ϡ٣ڶĻܾ֣
ʱ֮ɢݳ͹ԽԽ࣬ʦлûһЩ⻪Уӡźɫ۶ȥ
ⱻԼ֮в֪꣬Ԫʧ֮飬ĳ˵ҲһִС
̺츳ͨȵȡ
Ŀ֮ϵһȥˣϵĹâŽ֮Щԭһһ·ҲʧˣѾȫӿ˺Уʲôûзһ
ĬĬĵȴţķĻƱԣԼޣܸ֮ͨܵ󣬺ڷһϵеı仯
һһƴḶ́
ڸҩԪ֮£ҲҪǧʱ䣬һΣϹע룬˺Ĺ̡ͬʱЩӿ֮е츳ͨҲ֮еС˳ɳһҪСħޡơˣ
ʱһϢһϢţģڵıϣȻһĨҫ۵·
ţһĨҫ۵·
һҫ·εڸ֣ڵþӨ͸
ģ洫һϸСૣ΢ͬгĵ䡣
ȻԼģ·һССڹ⻪ҫ֡
ڻϪһۣСҪȫ̫꣬һһϦ֮Ҫõʱ䣬һһ
һСӣڳһ󵰸һ
֪ȫ꣬ټԼҩιСɳʲô磿
һȥղŵ𽥳ţ±յӣֻǱ¶·ȴɢĹâ
ʾ¶
ҪܳʱעźѾ⣬Сһɡ
ʱܾ򲻴ĵǶġ
ոս֮·ֽ˵
ʱ˭
ڻķʱ˴ţܹǲ飬СħüһͿŲϵףһ˿ŹֵЦݳſڣߣʦͽģġ
˭СħɿһۣĿڼʦǰѸɨĳʽȻĳǵʦ
ղǸоңƺǡϵʦĿԽСħɣɨһңһǽһƬ̨֪ղŷ˹ģСıըпը̡
ƺǱըֹû°ɣ˵߸߸ݵģȻϴЦݣ˭һ˿š
һߣȻûп˵ͬ˼
˶Ըо˿쳣ҵ
ǲʦİɡСħüͷ΢壬һģô
ޱʥصʦԲ֮ǰֹӲ˵аĽǼһô΢ǹӦһ£Ȼʲô飬ҲԾҡ
Եʦ˵̬Ⱥȣһ˵ţһĿ͸֪ϵɨƺҪ˽аĽȡ
СħһŻعζ΢ǲǣ˼๤
ʱСħǳСüë˶ţסʦЦϷģķĳÿϽһΣҸ󷨻ǲģըȥϾǸоˣŶϾסڸڰɣ
ЦЦ˵΢Ҽ๤鲢⣬˭΢λϣǶ˶㡣ϾʮڻټϼֵʮڵѲݣֻһŰܲţ
Ļʦһ죬ȷʵסڸڣһʮʱעңͲСſˡ
ڻƹвܴţҲû棬ҲֻαըǲųûһĻ


1651 ͬеĹע
ʦſĥ˺һȻҪȥƺûⷽĴ㣬һ̸֮ԼҪķΪڣŹˡ
ŽյĴţͷҲеλˣЩȴҪ￴ţҲû취˭ǸĽаأ΢аʮֿУʱʱҪչ
оѽͷźӣ˵
Ȼûܽ뷿֮УȴϡĽȣⶼüˣƺаϲûʲôչŪһ㣬ղһαըɲһʵʧܣṹ⡣
֮ǰķҲṹ⣬ķ̡
ǲﷸаỹưɣĻܰʱô
ʵϣϼһ
ĳ֮󣬺ܶʦû뿪ǾʦᣬĦһа͸Ľ
ҪЩ֣Ͼķǣܶܣʦ᲻Ҳ˵ʲô
ǣЩľȻûоܾ
ʦֻҪ룬ԹĦаյʱ䣬ҪͨҲûǾҪʦʦύĵã˵һЩԼķС
ҪѦͷҪֽкˡвòпƽʱȥòȻģʵһӻˮ
ȴ෴ƽʱ濴ȥթϳԿ漰Ͳˡ
ֱӾ͵ˣĵĿڱܺãҶ˵ӣʵռˣѦͷĿڱܲǶ˵Ϊϲ𣬿ѦͷҲûʵԵĺô
Ѧͷ֪ҪĸĽаǲܵ飬õӣЩʦĦҲĦκζ
෴ʦʦύĵĻʦͻ棡
ϾÿһʦڻķУһЩ֡ͬһһٸʦһֻṹͬϸ΢֮ȴǧ
һʦľûʲôɺܶʦľ飬һʱĲƸˣ
ʵܶʦ֪а͸ͱƽ⡣
Ҳûָƽ⣬ֻʶһѧϰһ
ķ⣬ܶʦ֪ǸӣҪ
ǺĺͶĿˣ
кܶʦֻǿһакܴС
ԽԽʦһĵú󣬻ùۿа͸ĽĻᡣ
ȻԽԽ˽Ħķҷȥо֮Ƕóһۡ
ǾķѶȣѾһΪֲĵز
ķϸСģǧ֮ࡣ
֪ķһлҲ֪ںҪǣҲҪһƷķ˺ܶ౶
ôɵģ
һҪ֮ڣаǶеţǶôֲĹ
һɲ˵ĻﻹûʲôϾʱûҪŸĽ
΢ˣ΢˵ܰɣҪջػֵģ
һʱ䣬ܶʦĿעʦᣬ漣ķģʹ뿪
οĳҲʦʥأôʦƼҲ໥ߣʱ䣬ǶԲʲôܶ˵ſµ
ң˿
Щ죬춯ѾʧˣȫĵͶ뵽ķĻ֮У˫лѸٹճһ·ۼ
ʱɳƵģ֪š
һʼƸĽûʲôаɽչ
½½ģ˼С¹ʡҿСħɾһκ¼֮󣬾ԷǳߣѸٽ鷳
ԽԽ
һ¡
¡
¡
ĲѻɽڸĽа·֮ϸС仯յĴ졣
ģѾһƳųƷĽɹڽʡĵ£ﵽųɾţ
ѶȸаĻƳɹֻǰ˳ɶһ㣬һƳһ
ʹһ׼ǰ׶εľƸĽͨĽϵԼˮƽ
аԼˮƽߵһ磬ܱ֤ųϵĳɹ֮󣬲ſʼơ
ʡʱ䡣
ʱѾ֮˼֮õޱ칬ʦЩסˡ
ôʱ䣬ȴûгķ
ûˡ
ڣԲÿҵĴš
Сħüͷһ壬ȷûоŵٲһ󷨣źŴˡ
Сħʮѿɫɱ˰Ŀ⣬ԲһεĿһ̵˵⡣Сħӣķģʱ˵ֹʱ΢˵ģÿµʱ䣬һΰ
Բ˵䣬Ծ׺·ֺСħƵġ
ôһ˵Сħɵȷʵ˵
Сħɴ̨Уó֮ǰõаԲϡ
һõһ£Ȼֻʮš
ΪΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ѭ򽥽˸ǿȵĻƣֻܴӻʼȶԼ
ֻʮŵаԲҭסˡ
͡ô㣿
ⶼˣȻŻʮţҲ̫˰ɣ
Լ꣬ҪǰٶȣֻܻһٶʮţŵĿҲ̫Զˣ
԰Щʱֻ˵ÿνķҲû涨ÿҪٰɣ
Сħһ䷴ʣԲû˵ˣϣȷʵֻ˵һǽ٣ûԼ
Բߵİͷ̲סѵСħӣ֮ǰ˵ˣ겻ɵĻʮڻ֣ͬѲݣǶҪջصŶ
ͷоʵںˣѣϾҲоаоԼ㱻ְֵĽ̻ôҪƳһһ׵飬϶кܸߵʧʡ
ţʵЩǿˣϾһˣЩͷ˵ǺӶΪ
ȻͷԲСħɺܲϲϼһſͷ˵ллҸ棬ǲˣأ˵ֲָֻǵģиĽҪأ
ĽԲ΢΢һа겻ˣоСħСԣе㲻䴵ţƤ˼ûв𴩺ɣѵǸ޵İɣ꣬Ƕ໭аȽϺð
ŶСħɸûȤͷĥˣ䵭³žһ£عر˷š
ʦ涼һ㱻Ƿҵ


1652 
⡭Сô
ͷЩǿǺٶһС˺Ͱ̬ȣȴ˼䵭Դʵˣ
ԹţǡһͷЦһ֪˵ʲôˡ
ſڣ˵ķҲ֣ޱ˭Ը״Ű
еˣҲ֪ǲǸС˵ʱˣѴľڸĽϣʱûҪ޵ģֻҪɵ͸֪˭˭ذ
ôɵֲս£Ҳã˵ûɶҸоӦǻƷ˵⡣аҪǧϸСģƷʦôûģϴεıը¾ǽṹˣֻϣܽɡ
ͷһһţֻýʮķޱʥصʹߣշת΢
ˣ΢ȴֻӵʮķ΢΢üҲüѣûж˵ʲôֻǷԸÿ¶һΡ
ʱʮаϢԭͲʲôܣټϲ֪˹עϢܿʹˡ
²ʮţôţ
ǶﷸֹȻᣬû˸һĳᣬôµʱ׬һڵˣǻǾһһģ
ȻаĳŵܸЩղǣϾǳŵʱװƣĴۿǺܲء
Ǹоаǳʲô
ܰˣܰٶٳٽˣѪ޹ˡ
Ϣʦ᲻ٸõʦѦͷͷ֮ĶΪ
Ҳвָֻ֮ԸͷĲǮɶԼģʮڻٱջȥĻǳױ硣
ͷѦͷһ£ҲΪǰΪʲôһʱ䲻ܽ£ӦҪٶˡ
û뵽µʱֻа
ʱúܶˣôԽԽˣ
üһͷѦͷסˣѾˣغʦ⣬ķԼƣҲʦơ
ģƼʦĸ·ʦǣʼо˼ˡ
֮ǰ׬һڻ֣ͷǺûѪ޹Ļ漣ͱЦˡ
ھŸµʱϽа΢һ㣬ţ
а˵ֱǱˮн
ʱһĹȥչزƽʱķСħóģƺʱ޿̲ŵĻƺлһдš
û֪ʱһѾܹƳŸĽɹʴﵽ˰ٷ֮٣
޷ƿأţԼͣĻƣ̻аɹҲܴﵽųϡ
Ÿʱ䣬ĸĽѾپʮţʣµһٶţֻҪһµʱܽɡ
ʮ¹ȥˡ
ʮһµϰ£ʽĻƣȫã
ǰһ̨׵ʼа
Ϊ֮ǰףаǰ̫ࡣ
һʼһ컭һţϤ֮㿪ʼ컭ˡ
ʮʱʮа
ʱѾǵʮˣһ꣬ôȻš
ʮȡķӡ
ںܶ˶ΪֻóλаʱСħȴóһУд֮澹ȻǺһа
ԲһĻһӴסˡ
æаһȻʮţ̽飬ȫǳƷаɣ
ô֮ǰŵĽһת۵ʮµʮµʱ侹Ȼʮķƽͻһţ
ϢʦᣬʱͷѦͷϲڳˣ
һŵٶȵĻǲŵָֻں꣬ٶһ㣬ĻŲûϣ
Ѧͷ뷨ȴû뵽һΣһľϲ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʮķʵֻһ¡ǰһ£ƸĽˡ
Ȼһٻаȴµʱ䣬ùκ飬ȫĵͶ뵽аĻ֮С
һһʮа컭ţ಻١
СħɽķȥʱԲ˶ˡ
ôôࣿ
һһʮţǰϽа
ö໹ãСħɵ˵һ䣬ߴԲϽ
ԲðŷӦø֪ɨһ飬еаû⡣
ôģ
Բﴧ뷨ԺĽһʮаȥϢôˣճϡѦ϶Ǵϲ
ܶʦǲԡ
һа
һνʮţڶţţĴʮš
תۼΣȻһʮš
ѵ˵ȥѹһЩķûȵһˣ
ܶ˲뷨Ʋ
һʮţ붼˼顣
ܹ˶ķʮʱ䣬ƽÿʮţٶȣ˾û
ˣķĻǽͰ͵ģʱ䲻ĸо
ܲ񣬾Ϳһνķܽˡ
ʱţܿڶ͹ȥ¡
һϽķʱ䡣
һΣСħɽķóʱԲ°ͶҪڵˡ
Ȼһóһʮţ
һӣϽаʹﵽʮţŵĿֻ꣬ʣһٶˡ
ǻϢҲûüоôͻȻֽһʮаڶĵھŸ£ֱӳأһʣµһʮķ
ˣ΢ɣ
Щƣ߳ʱ
Բһͷˣ
ǰˣϼһУɳ˹Ĵʡ
ԭŵȻֻһŸ¾ˡ
аѶȣϼһﶼᣬܼǧϸСĵĸϣһͷ۲ѣƷʦǵҲδֵܼ󣬶ŻƹĵԽԽ࣬ʧܵĸҲԽԽ
ôģ
ϢʱĳǵʦҲĿ࣬ЩȴſѪ޹ʦǣһȫɵˡ
ȻлһܴʣȻܹһŸµʱаΪʲôҪһʼľŸÿֻǾϽλķ
úܶΪˡ


1653 칦
һΣһʼаȫѹ󼸸½˺ܶʦ
ȥδϽλķʱ򣬲ʦų˵϶治ˣ˵ҪɣͰԼĻķǫ̃ͷˡ
ڣֻһŸɣЩſЦˣˡ
޹⣬ʼװˣȻɣƫƫװƲаѹ󼸸½ⲻװʲô
ȻЩʦҲףķѾԶԶǵˣ
СˮƽָߵףոʵжЩͨȡǣϽԶһ㣬ǲһ㲻ô
ЩĥҪ뿪ĳǵʱʦȴŸһ칦ᣬһףɹҲǽ˻һʦᣬøʦĳǷչ׳
ԭ칦ʵûʲôȤģһ˵ΪʦǣһҲþܾˣǾУ
칦ỹûʼͺܿƼʦĸ·Ƕʶһʦķɡ
ǰ;ֱ鱦֪Ҫ£֮ǰлһͣЩ£ûᣬ칦ᣬǵȻˡ
һʱ䣬Χˣ·
ֳϣȻٲˣţȴǳΨһ㣬ĴԶԸ³ģڲŮĹâ
룬֮Уò츳ʮֳڵ֮ŮЩŮ߷飬ǿɰ崿ǷЩ֮ŮԣŲʤһ
֮ɳЩŮĽ㡣
ʦ̫ˣѧϰѾʮˣڻһһʦأʦƺûдأȴѾܹ쾭ķԿɣˣүүĳ֮һֱʦ޲أ
һƤѩף۾һͷ˳˿ɢڼϵŮ͵Ķ˵˵䣬۾ƺĹâһƣ۰׵СʺѾƣ쳣
ŮеүүҲһܣ
ȻŮҲûʲô˵ģϾŮ̫ˣҲҪԼŮ˵ʮΪһʦҲǳˡ
ͻȻʦɫЩŹ֣ĪľȻ˴ʦˡһ˵Ҳʲôʦ־ͺˡ
Ǵʦء֪ʱĻָܲܳһҵء
СŮ˵С΢΢һ죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱһߣ£ͷϵͷͬһһȫϢĿۣһǸ֡
벽𣿡
һһ㵣ܿжϣһ벽ĸ֣˾ηǸƵĳǣ벽Ҳǲࡣ
СѡϷ˵Ĵܵһҽһ£Ϸ칬ĸΣǴ
һĸ
΢΢һ㵣ݣ൱ˣʦĸ᳤Ҳֻһѡ
ߵҽܣܿ˲˵Ŀ⡣ЦСѣϷ;һ֮ǰһĹµŸĽܶأڿʵǶˣаСѶֻһŸµʱͻˣȻҲûʲô⣬
ˬʵЦţҪ
һ㵣˵ʥҪŸĽĳѾˣǰҪĻھͿԽǰġ
󣬵ڳߴڹעߣ
һʱ䣬ԭֵĳʱ
ǶĿԼĶ䡣
סˣеľƱҲͣ˰ա㡭ˣˣ
ߺ΢΢鶯һ£ЩѵĿڡ
ߵַӦ΢΢һѵô
Լԭ˵ޣаһҪ갡ҪǶûɣôأ
Ȼӣû꣬ͰһǧķŪˣԼٶȷǳ⡣
ͣڿеľƱȻĿ˵ȻǻˣҪȻصģǷ˹ʥصķĻֻӰӵôʱأ
ԼڳˣȴЩ£ðûع
ھԶһʮʱϬƾʹͺȵѦͷĻѾʱ䣬Ȼа˳ŸĽ
ٽַĵĻѶȺʱ䣬ֱţ
㡭ɬ촽˵СʲôʱʥعŸĽ
ôʣЩ᲻Ὺʼ֮ǰѾ൱һˡ
ȻĻ뷨˵ȥ꣬Ȼ֮󣬲ŻаϾаȽѣӣһĳɹҲһЩȴӼ֣ɼѣȻʡһЩ
ʱʥҲҪ½һĻҲѻõȥˣõȵڡ
˵ţȻ𣬵һϽаǳ٣ֻиλ
ڶ꣬ϽаʼȻ࣡
һ£һʮţ
ԭΪȥаȴڽϽ˴װơ
ȴ룬ȥûаһֱ
Ƕܲʱ򣬶ȴԴѹûа㵣ģһ˼ûǾϹأ
Ӧ˵ʱŵʱ򣬾˵һʱ䣬Ҳˣ˵Ļķһ𻭵ʱ䣡
ˣʮ֣ȴֻ˵߰˷֣Լһ·
˺þòŷӦЩ飬һʱ䣬ǲ֪ʲô飬ǸоǰԼǧ꣬£׻ˣ
ԭСаʱ䣬Ҳֻвһꡭ
˵䣬£һϽһʮķǽĴʱֻģҲÿͻţ
ٶȣúܶƷʦա
Сѣô쳣ͷֽóһУ֮һڳɫĻ⣬ɢ·װһȼյĺһ㡣
ޱ鲼ܣɾ߲ôҲʮȷƵһһľƷ
ΪۼΪʵǶ֪˵󻰣Ұеʱ򣬶γɵĳȴһ㡣


1654 굤
칦óĽһĻôʱƼĳڵĸʶЩ˶һָоΪѾǿʱȴܻڶʱչֳǿһĻ޷
ⳡ칦ᣬҹŽ
ѾܼһǧķǷ飬Ҳ֮ǰַͨʽˡϢƽһʱʦȦʯ䣬һ
Ȼ˶Щûйע֮󣬾ͰԼС
вٹҪ
а͸ĽǷծ壬ҲһԼˡ
Ⱦǣ굤
ŵҩȻΪǻ˥ߵ
Ǵǰһаܹ굤
ҹͣƸĻаľƽ⣬Լ޷ĸֱ仯ٴĥµһµľ硣
ڣ굤߳ɵİա
굤ҪĴĻҶڻҪʮָߣκʮС
зȫȥŪ˸ྻĻ֮򵥵Χһۻ
˾ۻ룬ʼⳡƴĹ̡
Ҫʮʱܽöﵽ񵤾磬ԶԻЧĵҩɡ
ʯݡѻ
һϰڷǰ
а֮֮˵һ£ŷһ֮
ͬʱҲ֣ѪתһСħľŷɫ֮ڶ
ڱ˵ҲǷҪ٣ɹҲ䡣
ֻףͬԴɵĻףƷҲ޼
ڵĻĻһлתͼͼ֮Уһа֮Ӱ֣а֮ϣȻϢһֻɫˣ
ƵĻ֮УԼԵõ˼£ֲϣαͶ뵽֮УҩҺʡ
ʼգʮСģ˿иڵĻһˮǰĶ¯ӿȥ
һɢĺڹ⣬׷붦¯
һֱ߲ݵҹȫΪӿĺҺһ˪
ĸǿģֱԼѾӽޣʱ֮֮Ϩ𣬳һö˸ų١ƻĵ衣
öޱȣκһ߿ⵤҩɵøɸɾ
굤Ĵ
ڵһ굤
Ϣ죬ʱ䣬һ㾡ȫҩ굤ϡ
һ֮һ̱ʯϡ
ʮʱ䣬ö굤Ǵˡ
굤úõķ֮У⻬·궼Ҫݽȥһ㡣
һöħĵҩ־ᶨˣһ۶Ҫʧء
ȻˣöҩЧ⣬ֺܶطûƾҲǰޣϾʹõĵҩôƵġ
ҲȲˣ뿪Ѿʮˣʮһʱ٣Ѿȥ꣬𣬱Ȼˡ
ҲΪö굤ҲǴЧҩ
ûأֵ֮һµʱ䣬аʮţЩķҵš
ҲοӦţ㹻İԸǷ飬뿪ʦᣬ̫ҪҪһȣҪҵط̰飬ͻƵǵڶ
һ֮ǰϣûɵ鶼һˡ
Сħһҵţķ֮ž㵻ϲ֮࣬ƺҲԤУֹӣҪԶˣ
š
ͷҲûš
̾һ˵֮ʦطݲ㣬ȴҪһֱˣⳡսǼʥشӮˣǼʥءδǵʹʲôģǼʥϣǴˣǾͲ˵ˣôԺ󡭡ûжٽ˰ɡ
Ų֪ΪΣͻȻԤУԤҲʮֵ׼ȷ
Ĭ˵Ĳֻ·ٴʮ꣬ʮ֮뿪·ص
򣬲Ĺ
٣ȻʮֲңԼ֮У֮ͬеĸƼҲʲôҲȥ
壬ĸ
šˣء̾һ·һʱ࣬ʵֻϵ˲ѣôĹϵŸûʸʲô뵽ʹһպټ֮Ѿ޶ܸ࣬ɴ಻ټ棬뵽Īʧ䡣
Ҫ˵ЩʲôվֻĽĿСħһۣʲôû˵ˡ
Сħ΢΢һͣͻȻãԼǰһֱߵţƺҲûôˣҧ촽µ˵Сʲô˵ôҪ뿪᣿
СħɵķӦһ£ƵЦˣûʲô˵ˣףһͷϣҸƽպã
˵һ˲Żõףߵ磬һףʲôģ˵ͷϣʲôģΪƳǶԲҲҪҫ棬ףʱҲףͻƾ磬ʵ֮ġ
ͻȻͷϣҸƽõİۣСħһ죬һʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôۼ̾һ
֮䣬ǲˡ
Խǿ壬ŮԽǼѣ޾ˡ
ͬ޽ϣδкСħΪ֮壬ĳʮδһ漣
СħһѪѾ˺ܶ࣬ǸϣǲȻûСħɱ˵ôѣꡢʮ޷Ҳ飬ĻһӶûá
뵽СħҲĪ˸Ľ
һӣһĺӡ
Сħ֪ͨСħʲôס֡

һҹǱţȥʦᣬͷѦͷ
֮⣬ûپˣϾζ̫ļֵͲƸһײβʦ壬Ҳȷ᲻գҪٳ
á䡷ݣСħԪ칬ͨʦͨȻ뿪ǱȺʧããҹɫ֮С
·ǿպ嫣ıҰ
Ƭ֮У֪˶ٵأȥ˶ٺܡ
Ԫ칬αװɵ齢һŲ۵ǣصա


1655 ټ
λ···ҪԽģֱӿԽĻҲûȻҲС
ڴ֮ǰʮеһ֣һֻҪƾͿֱͨϹŴ󣬴͵·
Դϴ뿪룬תۼѾȥ˽ʮꡣ
Ǵ֮յأߣҪĻҪһ򵼣ǼˣҲǾһ
ȻȻʲôˡ
ֱ߷룬ûʲôܹס
ʱ֮ȡ
һжû䣬ڻһ޴Ļ춴ֻܽܳ
ûԥֱӲٿŻԪ칬С
ŵĻ춴ڣԪ칬ͬһͶˮ̶еĳʯϢû룬ûмκβˡ
һȣСħһᳵ·޴֮С
ڵĶ
Ȼ֮ǰ£ȴһ顣
Ķ޴޹ķ϶Уԭڶ֮Уһ꾧ӡԼˣͬķɳһ㱻ڻ꾧档
ڣάϵĻ꾧Ѿȫưܣ꾧֮ϣƣܶطմ˰ɫķĩǻ꾧ʧȻķĩ
Щĩڿ˷ڻ꾧֮е
ʱ˫ĿգղϸɿݣͬһغĿľһ㡣
壬Ѿûκӫ⣬Ҳûһûκ
үүСħɿһĻһ飬ϦദľСħһֱүү
΢΢ü֮󣬻óԼƵ굤
ö굤ҲĵڻֵĲϣĿǰƳļµҩˡ
ӵҩ֮һľ뵽꾧֮Уư֮ܵС
оûȫӦǽ˼״̬һ㡣
״̬ʵҲû̫ࡣ
Ƴ굤Ͼǽӽ񵤼ĵҩһƾʮ˵ãԭɥʧĻ꾧ڱɾ֮󣬾Ҳָ˹
Ȼˣȴʼս˫ۣһ
ǳģһһĵ굤еͬ˿һϸ΢ôǺưܵ壬ܲס
Ḷ́һһҹ
ֱ굤еĵ֮һ֮ƤͻȻʱ΢Ķһ¡
һ΢ɼĶȴСħһӻϲָ磡
ˡ
ޱרעеĶ˿ûгɣעҲƽޱȡ
ʱСħɶߣͻȻһϵǡǻˡ
𻺻˫ۣƺΪĹģѾ۾ȫ
Ȼָʶ֮Ѿв򣬾ԭеǹϢҲɢ࣬ƺʱ𣬾һнľķߡ
ӽ񵤼굤ôҡȴ˷˰
̾һƺѾ˻ųȥͷ
үүôûлȥͷˣѵͲ뱨ôСħЩֵ˵
̫ңԶˡ΢΢˫ۣƺЩˣĳˣǿߣܱ
Ҳûָܹͻ񾳽磬ҲҪ֪ôԶʱ䣬ͬαȥΪһȥķˣȥƴأ
;˱뷨
ⵤҩģ
֪ʵ˵ãϾΪޣҪŪһŽͬ񵤵굤ʮѣҵδС
ԼƵġʵ˵
ʲô仰˵һ˿ݡ
Լơ㡭
𲻿˼Ŀ޷ԼĶ䡣öҩҩʦδظ˵һɡ桭ӳ
ΪȻ˽⣬һۿöҩϼӳֵҲǳԵ֮֡
Ÿνͣʱȴƺ̽ȥˣ̾һ˵ˡԴǧ궼δƽĹڣ֮󡭡Ϸʲôˡ
÷ǳ˵ţƺⷬԪ
̽ڲòһʵ굤Ҳ޷Ȼˡ
Ѿȫưܣȫö굤ҩ໹ǧ굤ѣˡ
ֻΪͽʹˡ
Զڰ¼ŵĵطٻ꣬ʲô壿
ɱۣԶܳȥ
۵ݣҲûаգɢ֮ǰɱ
뵽ͻȻͣеĶƺһ
ָ磬ô
Сħɲ⡣
ԥ˺þãͻȻ˵ǰһֻ꣬꣬Ҫˡ
˵Ȼħ
Ҳֻǵ޷Ψһãꡣ
ħӡ꣬볹ʶĳ˯֮УֱԼ㹻ǿҲлȫưܵΪһ塣
ãҲۿԼΪ
ҲĿ
΢΢һ㵣ĸо˵ܣܱģȻһĶҲƳġ
Ȼ̾ûõģֻֻ꣬ҪһȣͻᱻҵĸӦϹǶҪ
ԡ
ħмȵţôѾȷϣħǳ񼶵Ķ
ħ棬һ磬һй
ʲôƶĹ򣬶δܹԼħΨһ⣬Ҳ·ˣ·µĹĳЩ棬ħҲδΥֻ֮ƽ롣
ɲΪۿ·Ტۡ
˵ħܣó˯󣬶ԷҲй¶ȥġ
ţָһ㣬磬һɫ建֣תš
Һɫ壬ͷȻһ
ԭһϢʱȻָྫĿŽߵħȫ˵ˡ
۾ɵúܴĶħܾ֮૵˵ôܡѵǡ
˷Ӧһ㶣ʵǰѵʶ


1656 崫˵
ƺ˳õĻ֮УĿڤ˼֮ĿڵҲȷǴûĻӦǡʥ䡷ص֮ʯôʯߣ겻࡭
ʥ䡷૵ظţϸһļȷʵôһ顣
򴨵аʦļ䣬ЩʦҲǻǵ˻ʥ䡷ĸƱ֪صһЩ顣ΪЩ󣬹ʶûϸϸоҲû
ϸƷһԼԺйءʥ䡷ļ䡣
ʥ䡷˵ǻأµķ䣬Ѿ޷֤ǳλ֣֮ʥ䡷м˺ܶ飬Щ飬Щǹܣеǹڷע⣬еǹشƵԤԣЩ鶼һһ֤
ʥ䡷ԭѾ֪䣬ݴڻĳ۵СڻеģǸƱ
ǸƱҲ˭ܶģϾƺϵ˻Ĵˣǳͨߣ֪Сʥ䡷Ĵڡ
ּҲֻԽӴѡ
ʥ䡷ĸƱֻܸơʥ䡷йܣشƵЩط·Ʊ
ʶʥĸƱ汾ֵûпɱԡ
򴨵ĹУܵõʥ䡷汾ӵгڵ츳ʥ䡷ϵķ򣬸ݡʥ䡷ףشƣǱȻܳΪһʱ׼
ʱȻĿǰħ
Һɫ岻ۣ·û߷ηϢ롶ʥ䡷ص֮ʯһģһ
ǹѹȸУӾ磬ΪֻҪվصĻҺɫ֮ǰ͸оԼף޷
һУˣԼĲ²⣬ʮа˾ģ
û뵽ҽ֮ʱлһ߳ƣȴ³ھ֮Уּ֮ʯǴ䣬ϧҼ֮ʯʱȴҲٽսʱ򡭡˵̾һٿʱһ˿ʡ
Сõ֮ʯѾʱˣڵĳɾͣҲ֮ʯĪĹϵӦ֪֮ʯȴǰóͲʵԭûôжʯ
ͻȻζ˵ⷬСħöһ
Ͼ˵ѹȸʵ̫һҲſֲѹͬһ˵ϻһ㡣
ǰ˵Цˣܸо;ƿˣûαװӣǱûɱңαװҲû壬֮ɱңҲϵܣҲαװֱɱҼɣصȵڣһȵʱ򣬿ĹڣܣͿԶҳˣǸʱҸǿ
Щʱޱȣȴɱž衣
ʵڶԹʵȻ˵ʵɵвĻУе󷨣ƾķ⣬ȫڴУһ
ֲǱҲֻǸһ󾳽ѡ
Ѿ;ƿݵܱȵϴ
ҪǣħɱﵣѾȫݰܣֻʣõ˵ħУ
Ϊı֤ŸóħħıԵ˼£ܣСħɺĽܷѩ֮⣬û֪
Ŀһۣ˵㵹ǺõʶΪ˾ңϧðķա飬Ҽˡ
ԭǾٻ֣صĳŵһû뵽㾹Ȼ֮ʯҲһ˿ָָܻȻȫȫİ㣡
˵֮ⷬ󣬷·˼ȵ겨ֿʼȶȷʵ̫ˣ굤֧֣Ҳ޷һ˵̫Ļ
ǰʥ䡷֮ʯʲôô򴨵ļУҵйءʥ䡷ݵĲȴٵÿʶдһʡ
һƺָһЩԪ֮󣬲û˵ʥ䡷мأǵõħٽʥ䡷еĻ߾磬֮󣬱һֿܣƿǿ࡭
𡭡૵ظţǻ룬߸׷˵
ĳ˵߻ðŸΣգβ׷ΪԭһڸǿУһ㣬ڶĿ
ΪԽߣԽ߶ԣһջ
Ҳ
߳ƣִأ֮ϣ޻Իͣ޲׳˭Ըձʱܣڲϡ֮лΪ
Ӣĩ·տݹǣһ˯ͺįÿУܻݵĿ־塣
ϣ֪ǿߣҲ·ˣ֪·ǷͻĽޣѾȥǴĳ䣿
·ûͻʵǣ֮죬ȴ˵ʥ䡷мһ֮ܲľ
ϸйءʥ䡷ݣȻ𿴵ġʥ䡷ҲֻǸƱѣԭ䲻
ʶ˵ﵽ磬ӵħɡʥ䡷еĻҪʲô

̸֮ʱ佫굤ľȫգѾưܲĻ꾧˳ħ֮У׷ӡ
꣬ȫߵ״̬Ҳħг׾ֹ
һкûֱ뿪ȣס
кܶҪ
ڵһͣҪΪΪһͻƴû
ͬʱҲҪΪ̰׼ʼ֮ǰͻƵڶ
һУҪʱ䡣
ΨһһԸıʱ٣ȴŤĵطʲ
ȡԪ칬СħһڻԪ칬֮пʼ˱չء
һ£һ֪£һһʱ䣬Ϣš
֮ǰʮڻ֣ʦṺĲϣЩϣȫϡ
ҪȥҪһЩǿķԱʱ֮衣


1657 ĹŽ
Уʮʱȥˡ
һգڵɫ棬Ĺڣ󣬶ϯܻ
ںɫĻ𺣣һֻ˼Хз˼Ȧ֮󣬾ͻȻ£ҵıը
Ļ籩֮УһŮչ壬ڿǳĻУһ澫һ㡣
ŮȻСħɡ
ʮʱ䣬ȴһ̤ˣ
Ϊķ˫ޣټҩվھԪϵϣȲСħɵٶȡ
ָ磬ͻˣ
еĻ֮СħɿĵЦһУ԰æ
ͻڣɷ˵һСħɣʵȻԲսһͨȴҲ⡣
̫ˣҲԵĸˣ˵ҵķҲƵòˣ̰Ҳ˸ĳԺ⡭ʱȥˣҴͻƵڶ֮ٶȱչأȡ֮ǰҲͻڣ
˵䣬ȡֽļϡϡ
Ѳݺ֮鱦һ𣬶ɢŨҵϢнԼһֻһɱХ
ߵ˴̼һɿɱ壬ĲԹŵϢ
гһ޴Ӱϸܵ۲˻˻ţǰϢ·ڶһ㡣
ΨһǿԶ裬һֱɢһɫâ·겻ꡭ
ֽ챦ɰսȭͷ
ÿһϣɷѿģһ̰·ڳȵߡ
ָ磬ǲܹ̰ˣƳֽ뵵鱦âСħڴ
Сħεҡͷûô죬ǵÿһͬѰͬΪǣÿһǳ淨ͲһҪ⣬ܹʺϵĵҩȻ
Сħüÿָǡƾǵʱƺûôӣƾһɺݾͳˡ
ôЦһԼΪͻƵǵһĸ׼˵˵ꡣ
ǵһħԴ̵֮棬Ժ龫ΪҩҵķԪǿؽƾǵʱǴľɱҲ˵ǸҼӳɱԲŻƾǵʱ򣬱ڤӴ϶ٴγɱ¾֮ӯӴ󣬶ڳǣʵͬСɡ
ǵ龰νһۡ
ǾصаɷǵƾǣȻûֱ۰ʵҲƾǵɱԡ
ڳڶӦȴ̰ǡ
طδıʱͻ̰ǲѣھͲͬˣաԵ䡷أ̰ǣ̰Ƕѣе֮£Ҫͻ̰ǶӦ췣ס
ġشѹ̰ǵĽƻ䣡
̰ƣҲҪϣ
Ĺڣ֮УȫˡԵ䡷У˫ڿ黮յ伮ϵļأϳɽǺӵԼ
֮УȻʱˮš
һʱ䣬һζϵųڶķ
ԼԡԵ䡷ٽµļ䣬·ʺԼͻƵڶĻĹؾ
һãųĳһʱ̣ͫԼϵѾȷĿꡣ
ɶǳȥͻȻ𣬶Сħ˵
ȣ
ԣ·
ľʮֹϣ˵߾ߣСħҲûʲôֱӸ
ʱʮʱ䣬ֻǹȥһ࣬ٴλص·
εĿ꣬ǡ֪
֪̽ϢһѰҵǵطһѰаʦɱ
֪ûʧ˷ǳ׼ȷ鱨
ʶ֪ǳΡ
֪ܲĳǣһΣĳûоκˣСħɴڻԪ칬֮УԼ֮һµݽ
̥ǾԴġ䡷ڵʱ
ʱ룬ߵſھʹӵ᪺ܴ߾ܴʩչ֮ûϳŵ˺ǽ׷ɱȫû
ʵ֮ǰһ󾳽磬ʩչ̥ǾǲͬնһЩδܿ
ȷİȫʱ뿪ĳǵʱֻһţѦͷʦĻ᳤Լûκ˵ȻȥϾұ֤ǷһЩ֮ͽҪٳķ
ڻҲñˣ鷳
¹࣬һڴϣӰ¹úܳ
·ʦᣬפãʱߵѾţֵֻϡļӰҴ߹ҲʦʦǶֻûôĿһۣͲˣֻǺΪʦסʦˣÿʦǰ棬ŰεˣҲﶺܾá
˿˿Ƶҹ紵ĳǵҹƽ˼
Ȼվȴû߽ȥ˵ģǴηֱ𣬱ˡ
ɵҹɫУϸĽŲ̤ڹ⻬ľʯϣû죬ԽԽԶ

֪ܲĳǵش
ɫ֮УǶƵĸʸ¥Եޱȡ
̨׵ĸ¥һȥͯӣסȥ·ȣʮֿأѹ˹ʱ䣬λ϶ѾϢˡ
ÿһ㶼һˣ˳ϡ
ͯⷬȴûд¥ľģһЦͳһžʯ֪ѵƾ֤ȴݣҪ飬ҪȥȽϸߵ¥ѯʡ
֪¥ԽߣϢԽ
ͯһǾʯԥһ£ǰ˽ȥ
ֱ㣬ңԵһ֮춯
һߣ˽˾壬Ŀλ϶ѾϢˣֻϻڡ֪λҪʲôϢ̽ѰĿ⣬ϣȻһûܿ
Ҫ·һص鱨
ʲôطƤ΢΢һ̧ʵ
ȣ˷Ĺһһٵ
һ΢΢һĿһۣƤʹȥȻһ˿
ط·Σյ֮һɻĵطǴȥ
š˵ͷ
ã
ֻṩ鱨Ȱ˵ıʲôҪ鱨Ȼṩ


1658 
·мյأȣ籩ٵȵȡ
ЩطΣգֻҪȥ֮󣬾ûܳģҲڴˡ
Ⱥͻ˷Ĺͷô£Ҳһ㣬͸¶Źأֻ֪λڴû׼ȷ鱨Ҳλڡ
ҲΪһ㣬Ż֪ѯʡ
˵Ⱥͻ˷ĹΣԣ̫ɵͨ򣬶·Σ൱ǿӦ
΢΢˼һ˵ϢۼۣҪ֧ʮԪģʦĹ׻֡
һ㶼ȡԪ·ĻΪ鱨ãϾܲҲĳǣʦĹ׻ҲԵּۡ
ʵ˵˾Ʒûʦеÿһʻ֣ӦʦֿеƷϣЩϣҲʦУֻҪл֣ͻᱻѺʱߡ
ڻ֣
΢΢鶯һ£۸񣬱ԭ̽Ϣ̫ˣڻ֣С鱦ˣԼֻҪһϢ
˸һۣƺ֪뷨˵йȵ鱨֪ڴеλöڱ仯ΪѼ鱨Ҫٴ۵ġ
֪ԳΪ鱨Ҳո߼ۣÿһϢֵǻֲĻȴѯϢĮȻǲü۰벽ġ
áͷǰ˵֪Ѿ˲֪꣬һֱܺã֮ǰϢǳ⡣
ȡ֧ڻ֡
ڵĹ׻ֿɲһСĿ˵þóҪʱＯøҲԲĿһۣƺڲ²ǰ˵ݡ
ֺ󣬸ϱߣʧľͷϢ֮أ󺣴׹޾Ԩ棬Ҫҵĵط
һɬİƮԺ
һ㶣£ˣ
ǵģˣǴĵһ壬ˣʵȴ̫ޣǵ߿Դﵽʮɣڵ޾ɽ룬ǵȣԻһʱе޶ƽɫûˣȣػĵطΪʲôػͲö֪ˡ
Ҫȣҵ˾ˣ
˵ͻȻһתֵȻѾĿ£бȽǿսʿͨ㡭
ƵĿһۣΪʵ̫ˡ
ллҸ档΢΢һЦվͨޣ˵ĻȷʵЩ鷳˵ȵΣգܴһԭλڴĹ̫ǿˡ

ģޱߡ
·ž֮ķǷ콾ֹ
Ǵû˵ߵ˴ľͷ
Ǿͷʲô޷֤ǿµޣ޾Ŀռ籩ʱ嶼ȴ
˻ɣ·е··λ棬ȫϣŵġ
˼콾ǿߣﶼȥ޻ء
СħɣڵͿУѾȥʮ졣
ʮӹ֪ٵĸɽءҲ֤˴һĻĻѪɱ
޷磬ֻǿȭͷܹȥ
ʮ֮һƵޱɽСħɺǰ
İѩ޾ɽϷɢӨӨ
ɽɸߣ޾硣ʵ΢һģֱӱǷ紵ûɢʬ޴档
Ǻɽĵ̫ɽ·Żڡ
СħһֲڵĴĵͼָһص㣬
·ײеĵطֹĸɱն񡣶ޱ߼ʡ
ԴеĵͼһֱֵεͼЩչ̽ߡṩ
ķ˴ǮƴճʮͼǿĵطŪˡ
֪ˣͯҥСʧľͷ˵Ӧص㡪ɽ
ҪѰˡ
Ǵһ֣СɽһӴ󣬴˵ǿ˿ƾ޲ɱ
ĬĬĽԪ칬
ˢ
ƴСĻԪ칬ӭ籩ǣת˲ΡΡ룬֮е졣
ɢһޱ޼ʵӴѹ
Сħɣʱ˻Ԫ칬֮С
Ͼɽޱȣ촦طӵиǿ˺
ŸһЩð߽У궼ȶ߻ħΣա
Թںɽ磬·綼Щɲꡣ
Ϊ˱ʲô⣬ֱûԪ칬·Ϊǵѡ
䡪
Ԫ칬εضһħƷܻصĺ֮һ
ɽɽߴȥ
һԪ칬һ𣬷·һĺУ¡졣
ȻйŹ֡
һԪ칬һΣˮƽƵı¶ǰ
ĿռȻŤƺȭͷ˺һ㡣
ֻһɹɹ񱩵кȭ˸žӨâȻʵʻĳڿ񱩵ķ
һƺܹȻΪɽػһ֡
ֻԪ칬ķ󷨣ϵİȥȻѸٱѸ޲
Ԫ칬ײЩҲδ̫ǿˡСħɲɰզࡣ
֪ȺҲֲ˶೤ʱͻľ
ڻԪ칬ٶȼ죬ͳ˺ɽһŤռ䡣
ʱеĿȫʧԪ칬Խ˰ѩ壬С
ǰһĵĴ磬һѪɫĺڵƽϣ·ʱ׹ޱߵĺڰУ׳
ˣҵˣȻ۾΢Լе绡˸
Ӹ£ȻͿǧһϣȻмɽľˣڵȼǷ·ᴩ˵һտһֻɽľ޴Ұޡ
ָ磬ҵˣȣ˷ĹػĵطܿҵˡСħЦտ
ӦЩҰˣҲ鷳ȻػͼһĶȻˡ
Ϊʮֿµ֮һǱȻ㣬壬ҲнԸͷУԸˣһ
ֻøǾͳɣ֪鱨˶ϡ٣ھظҹֻǳԣ֮󣬻ȥĿӸЩȻӹƶĵ
Сħɵ˵ͷʮĵĵȴ
ĸߴˣһʱڽʢϵľ޴̳ϡ
Ŵ˸ãÿ˶ֻƵĵңԶȥ
䡪䡪䡪
¡¡ĽŲ·ڴŵ棬¡졣
ضˮӿ
Ԫ칬ϢСħСĸ˵
˵Ľųʮֿ죬ڴһӴĽӡ
ԼĪһʱǰɽ壬ʼ಻ĳ֡
һűܿԽһɽȣСħɶҪں棬Ųᱻ˦¡
ͻȻ䣬Ĳƺȴǰʪ࣬һƺˮ
ŨˮСħɾȡ
˲ǧɸߣԶȥĶ󣬲ˡ
ֻ֮ϣȻޱ޼ʵĺƵˮ޼ʣﳤ˿̵ʵȻ߼ʣӴĺ¡к
ˮ֮£䲻׵Ԩ
ˮܵɽһƬʪС
ǺԨ֪ǳޱߵĴˮȻʼնܽ澿ǸӴĵص硣
󺣴׹޾Ԩ桯ˣǣǴ󺣰ĴˮǴģΪʲôкСħ𾪵컯֮ʵڷ˼
ˣǴˮڵķȥ
󣬴󲽵ĳޱ߼ʵĴˮ棬ӴӰĴˮû
ˮǴǸһߵɽкģԼĸоޱߵĴˮ棬ȻһͿɽ塣
Ӵɽ壬ǼǳǰСˣ
ǴˮԴͷڡ
ǣСħкһΪ˷ֹ⣬ٴνԪ칬˳
һΣԪ칬С˲١
Ԫ칬ԭʱ󷨣ɴСʯͷС˺棬ۡ
ಡ
Ԫ칬ɢһϸ΢ĺ֮˳ˮĻ֮С
һˮޱߵĴˮ֮УСЯӴʼ˺Ԫ칬
鱦ıôױƻһޱߵ칬ɢʱеˮȫ
ģŻԪ칬նˮƽ
ϡģܿˮǧΡ
ˮǧ⣬ȻǸ޴ĶѨ
ǶѨһۿߣмʮУʲô
һߣƤɺԣȫɫڵϣһ
иͷϴĻƽ𳤹ڵߣžģǿķĴг֣ޱȻΪʵʻĽɫģȥƤϡ
СħɣоƺǼߵǿ
ÿгһģǷжԻӰƺƿ˹֮еķģѪ֮лƿ̷һ㣬صĳ
ôˣȻǣѾǴӵĿ´ڣ𶼲Ϊ
ʱֻܹ䡣׽붴Ѩ֮С
ͻȻ䣬Ǽ߸ߺһףֱ𵴶ڴˮڵĻԪ칬ѡ
һĺ֮ƴӿ֣ŽɺƵƽϢȥ
ֻеˣʱվĸˣͷ­ûǶѨ߿յӰ
ˣȥ߾ߵ˴ˮʬֱ˳ȥƺַʽᡣ
ɺ͵ǣ߾޴ʬ壬ȻǳڵĻԪ칬
ɺϣ˵ʵĲң
ҹһ˲䣬ߵʬײˮ棬ڵĻԪ칬ɢĺ֮һӱѨļ
Ŀ⣬ȻڻԪ칬ϡ
˼Ȼû뵽ˮ֮оȻڣоǿ
ŭˡ
ޱߵˣʱĳڵĻԪ칬滹Ļƽ֡
ÿĶŴϢҪһжǿ˵츳
ã
д󾪣̫ˣǼ߸ޱǿ
ǧһ֮ʣҿԪ칬ʹﵽͨĵزħƸ֣֮ͬɢâγһķȦ
䣡
һķȦĻƽѹ飬󵽴˻Ԫ칬ʱԪ칬ҵϾʵֻԪ칬޷ﵽˮ׼֧Ǳû̫˼츳ʮǿ
ǼҪһٴηʱٿŻԪ칬֮ͬǰ˾޴ʬ壬һͬ޾Ԩȥ
С˵ĻԪ칬൱Ǳʬס˼ֻͽ͵Ŀ·ȴκζ
֪׹˶ã·ʮʮҹô
ֻоԪ칬һֱڱӴĳƶ׹䣬һʼܿޱߵĴˮŵ䣬󣬾Ȼֻ޾ĺڰ
Ǵˮƺڰ·ϣһ
ٵ˺棬¡һ޴죬Ԫ칬ǳ嵽ʵϣ˴ը
Сħ棬ҿ׼屻һ֮ͺ֮֡
Щǿҵĳ·飬𵴵ͷЩ֡
ǣ
ӻԪ칬͸о쳣ֲϢ˷
бŰĻɭȻıϢһɹɺصӴˮ
Ȼһ쳣ߴĹȵ
һߵɽһ̲ͣӿɫһһһ߾ӴĹ
һߵɽȴ꺮Щ棬ȻһӴʬ塪˵ʬ塣
ɽȵطв˸΢ɫĵʬ塣
ǵĽ£ԿԸоӿĺƵˮ
ȣ˷ĹСħ۾˼ĿǰһУޱȡ
СģȻоһСħϯ
ֱӴߵĻɽϽԣֱϮСħɱ塣
̤ڣСħʵǱѰѣڵĻӿ
ǻֱӻΪһֻɫĻˣɽϵĻײһ
ţСħԭΪһͽһɻû룬ǻȻڵ֮ƴ˸£˫˫ɢؼ䡣
ȻղСħһҪúӦԣȻҲǽǻϨѡǳ嵽Сħϣһ¾ҪСħˡ
ָ磬𣡡Сħûмң˿̸оǻ죬˵
ֻ棬Ȼģǻ֣˻ؼʮֻ꣬а
Ȼ˵ڣòˣ֤֮ĳӯ̰Դ洦
ĿڤԷų֪Ȼ⴦ؾ֮УܵǿķϢ


1659 ն¯
鲼·ؾ֮УҲˡ
Ͼ··˴ģȣȻ֪γɵģҲӦø·йء
ߡ
Сħɣһ·
ܹԵĸоǰܿռԼŤ
Ȼռ䲢Ǻȶ
֪ĸ˵ȵλڴлᷢ仯Ѽ鱨ǳ鷳ҪСĴۣ˿Ų١
ľأ̰ȴǴкô
ǵÿһصͬ⣬
̰Ӧ췣졢棬˵ǾŸΪ鶯һ⡣
⡰췣ָ֣֮߿췣֮󣬾Ϳƾ췣ͨأ֮뵽Լ֮Уõֲɱˣ
췣ҪӴشƣأгɹĿܡ
ûмж֪ɢȥ֮Уҵһ֮ǳŨĵط̰顣
ô֮СħһĿĵȥ
;ʱ϶վ֮⣬пµؾЩʱܻ֮ͬǰСħСħɳ
ЩȫѭһСħҪܿǲѡ
СħɾС⴦Ũĵط
֮еһ籩Ƿ籩ıۣΧȻŸȴ쳣ƽҲʺ
Ȼˣǲػ󷨣Էһ
һ֮ڳ̨ĲϣΪ̰Ŭ꣬ҪʼˣȻϵĶȴʮ
ЩƸĽаϰߡ
ҪÿһÿһϸԾ̬һ췣
ָеһ֮УйճεĹ켣
˫ɣһ·׷׳֣ʼ۳һϸСġ
СħԱգգ۾Ϊ⣬ָ磬Ҫ̰ΪʲôͻȻķˣ
ҪһŸĽҩ
ĵ֮ǰȵʮʱ䣬רһһҩҩٰѡ֮ѡڸ̰ġ
ûҩƳ̰Чۿۡ
˵䣬еٶٴμ٣лһӰ硣
Ѿҩ͸ˣҲ˺ܶƷΪҩЧﵽ̰ҩԣյĳƷҲҪشƳ˲Чá
ʮʱ䣬ҩѾµĻۡڱǺʱ
ʦļ䡣Ӵĵ̣ͨʱŷһЩõĵ
⻷УԼ򣬰æ
ĬĬЩƣֱǣһķĵУϸҩҩԽԽǿ
ڣҹȥ֮һĲ·ǣϸСĵС
˲ϢͲķӦһҫ۹âţеķĿʼ£γһ绨ѩ׷ġ
ɢһһСղĽҩˡֱ̺˻ԭʹڵԼӾ
ԭأɮ붨Ŀ˼Ǵشƣæ̰飬췣
ܹͬΪá
˼תʼѸ˼ȵУһеϿܣаŤĿռ֮Լַӵ
һ֪·һУҪ
˵ס
ָ㣬ĪΧһ֡
ģ˿˿ƵĻ桭ĺŤĿռ䲨ơɭȻڵ
ȻΪĿʼۼ
£һһҹʱ䣬Լȫĵ״̬ոҩĵ꣬Ҳȫ䡣
ʱȻ˫ۡɲǼ䣬·ںڰлһ磬ָ΢Ĳÿһ˿һ˿·
Լߣӡ·
ȡֽеߵ֮ǵϲϡ
Щϣ⼤ش֮лûӰв
ΪȵΪ̰顣
޵ķմȾ˿˿ƵĸʼԻ·
أ۳һ޴Ķ¯
¯תһ·Χ롣
ķģɳһ鲼˶¯Χ˸ع
ƾ㣬ԥĽ֮ǡߵѲݡԶԼһѲϣȫ˽ȥ
ڵֱ֮ӴӿΪһĻӿն¯С
ʱԱߵСħҲͬһڵ֮𣬳ȥ϶꣬Ϭ
֮ûĻ֮ûĺڷ˾һ˻죬졣
ϸܵĻ棬Ļߣʼƴһرȥ
ʱ̾ʯ۲ϣ³һɹâʼȵһб⿪
һЩԵҩȴǷصı֮֮һ𣬶⾳Ļ棬һɽ嶼˲䶴
Сħɲϴ߶ӿն¯棬ʼԽԽĲ½ĹҺ壬ɢҩζ
ҩζֻһڣ;ûǱɾˮϴӹȫˬ֮
ʱ֮һУӨ׵˳ɫ
һֻͻȻŭһ˳ǻͻȥ
Ȼû꣬ɻ᱾ܵĲԴ
һײСħɶʱоȫ
ϾǻͷųǱͨ
ȻֻǿܣϾ֮£ոջӿ֮֮ʱ˲١
䣡
֮ҡͷβĴ·Ҫⶦ¯Ľ
ն¯ԭʹڵɡ
Ī֮Ȼ׺¯ˮȴʼճ岻ȥ
üͷ壬һĻԤϡ
ҪƾԼҪ뽫ô༫ƷҪľʱ;ʮѡ
ȣǾȫһˡ
ƾ޷򣬵شƣ̰ƣ


1660 ɵ
Ѹݣٿһָֻڶ¯黮ʱһ·
Ϸϣ籬һ±ǣڵĳɽ塣
䣡
֮ն¯ŰȻ䱻Ӵޱߵغ䵽
һֱӱº֮ǵС
ʱ򣬱ϢȻߵ緢
һʮɳĴ߻û֣ҧȥȻһӽҧȥ˴롣
ʱѲеϢѣͬԶҲɵɫâķҪն¯ѡ
ÿһγչĲ
ϸܵ·ն¯Ȼһ񱩵ӿ£ƵĲ͡
һ·ȻڲȴʼնŽƣûаѵļ
ŲæһͻȻĻ档
䣬һ½һ󶴡һɻɫڶ
ɫһ֣֮Ⱦ˻ȻΪԪϢ
Ϣͬ֡ԴǴһ̺ΪصϵԪƽնĵ£һЩɽҽŴڣױ˲
ȴΪ⣬ƾȫȵÿһ
һӦŵϢһ½һϢ˳
ָйĻһ··Ǵ˸
Ϣܵǣ̵ն¯С
⼸ǼĽ棬Ϣ·һֻ꣬޼ŴƣǼݺѹȥ
ź¡һ죬ߵԼԶʱ
ļì˾޶ܡ
ϢԪ˺ҧм׷ɣѸ˥ȥ
ͬʱȫҲȾһҵɫȻܹʴԭȻɢȻɻͻͻģȥ
ʱһŻɫײϢԪѿĴ죬һھϢҧȥ
ǲǲȻʮֲֿϢ˵İɡ
ֻĿڣɫѸ׳ʼ¡¡ĳն¯ƺƴ
һ̰飬Ϊõ̫ļƷϣٲȻһս
ԶҲڵͬ飬ȻϢƾԶ׳Ļ岻ȫ·ն¯Ҳ񵤱üѡ
Ĭľһ޴Ӱ֣׻֮ӿҫ۵Ĺâ·ǧ̫ѭһ˿Ĺ켣ƫУֱӴ̵ԶĹؼ
ڱŰĻ֮Уո͵Զ裬ѸٵСԭĴС
ûгɣһȭ俪ա
ĿռԭͲȶƾ⣬һ㲢ѡ
ʱһɿռ籩ֱӱиһյشֱӳն¯Զ衣
ˢˢ
ԶɳϢֱӱţͰп
ռ籩ϢѪǹ桭
ܹõȫն¯С
ˣٴ˸ƾǣһЩ·γ˾޴©
ʲôȫʼ©ն¯ӿȥԶرݺѹ
ϲĸǾкӣϡ
һɽЩʬɢ˿˿Ƶ۵©С
䡢䡢䣡
һ൱ȵڷ顢ѹն¯֮ǵر顣
ն¯˹ϵʱƵѸ
СħɶĸֿסСƵııܳʮԶ
ֻ˫ɣѸٵı֯һ·ϲն¯άת
¯Уȥ֮ǵһܲסһӲѣʼ顣
ߵҲɣѹҺߵ
ѲݡԶ衭ʼһ£ǱҩƲͣĵţʼѳ־
Щ֮֮Լ£ʼϵıںϵһ
ġ׵ġġ߲ͷ׵֭Һһ𣬻ĥ
ɮ붨۾ţֻвŸΪԸܻ档
Щ治һ𣬶𣬴ȵвڳˮģһ㱩꣬ɢһɹɿµϢϵն¯һҩϡ
ϢУȻȫҲӿ룬·ǳĺ档
֮ݡ·ķѴĻȻκƣ롣
ȣ֪˶£ˡ
£ûиоκ˥ߵļ
ն¯棬ȥڶ˱ɫһֲּ²ֵܳɫ
һ̲ҩľʼոϱİҩʼһ̥ĶѪɫȻһǿҵϢ
ȴ֪̰ϾҪɹˣ
ֹһ£һҩҺں̥ƵĶ档
һǿ󵽷˼𾪵ӿն¯̥д
һֱյ۾Ȼâ硣
һѩ׵ķġҩѸٴ̥С
ʱ̥ʼϷȡ⣬һ绡Լ˸
գžһ춯һѪɫͨͨ·Сĵҩն¯
һ߾͸һɹڵƵɷǹ졣
ѪɫҩȫҺ壬ⵤҩɢĪǿѹ
ǵҩͨװ¡¡ͣ
·ȫʲôҩһƵġ
ϲ̰飬⡭̰鰡Լˣ
ͻȻ䣬̰鿪ʼĴײȻҪն¯ȥ
ɫһȻҩ֮󣬲ԣҪѣЩҩ֮Լ
һΪ̰õĲϼΪ󣬵ڶҲΪոռĸĽҩ̰ҩ
һն¯ʼϵıСѹԭ棬ЩĪɵĻ棬ʼǣ£ϵעһɹ·С
ʱն¯䣬ʼҫĿĴ
ÿһ·Ӵƥ
̰飬Ӵסˣ


1661 ˷Ĺ
ʮָзٻһ·̣
·˲Ϣӡ˽һ̰ϡ
·ӡ̵˲䣬Ըе̰ľ·һͷ׺п̰ĵ顣
̰ĵ飬Ҳ̰һ㣬ƻ䣬ײй죬ⵤ飬ɫĮʮָ·鶴
ҵĲҽ̰дһҩһĲҽУʵаúܣ
һӵʱ䣬ʧ̰ǵĵ飬ôĨɱˡ
̰ĵаթı̷ԭͻƵʱʮ̷̰һ鷴ɣ϶д鷳ĨɱΪġ
̰СУоһɹɷ·ܽ˷ѹȸУгϲá
СħҲǻϲͻƵڣܹо̰̲صıըԵ
ⶫָô̵ֱСħ촽һʼθϽ̰飬ڸӦ̰˼ǿдˡ
̰а죬̷ֱǷܳס
Ҫ̽ȥ̽ȥ֮󣬿ܲסȵشƲһҪҵ˷Ĺشƣѹ̰ҩ췣ɫأĿѿʼĴѲ
ĴһХĺڷ磬˲䶳ıش֮УԵҲ֪Ϊξۼ
һ̤ǰСħһѰ˷ĹСޡ
Ѱ˺һȴǸȣֻûгڣҲԶԭĴ󣬸Ҳ˷Ĺ
ָ磬˷ĹĸһôǾȻҲڡ
һԲĿⶢסǰա
ǰŤĿռ䲨һޱȹĸо
޴ڣѸЩÿһ仯
ݣεĴֿΪã̽һ⡣
֣ǰɢݳһƲԹšϢ
йŹ֣
ĿһѪǹֱӺеһڵϡ
ڵ㣬ӦռΪһ㡣
ԭŤĿռ䣬Ȼĳ£ͬɽϣžꡢžѿһͬŰɭȻ϶
һԶϣ·سĲԹϢӭ
ȥȻʣ뵡ȥһ޼磬һ߼ʡ
һæ롣
СħҲһС
ǡ
һУͱǰ龰𺳡
Ȼһ磬ռĽڵ㴦ȻƮƶˡ
һ磬Ǳվڸ߿գǰޱߵ磡
ޱ޼ʣǴؾڽ֮⣡
ȥԼһֱൽ쾡ͷĻɫĹŵأԿһѵĴӣӿʣ
֮ϣһʮɸɽһĺӰ
һЩӰһֻֻ޴ޱȵ꣬·ɽڴϡ
׵ļˣƶˣ֮С
ɢԹŵϢĸоħӵУǺϢ
꣬Ҳ޼
ָ㿴ڹ걳ϱ˾޴ŹסСħͬ𾪣ĿȴǶĿԶ
ѭȥֻÿһױϣһƵͭŹףΡΡȻ
ˡˡˡ
һȻһ̲ͣĴͭŹķ䣬ӯء
ķЩĳǺӴ䡣
Źף壬Ӵͷ
ŹףзԲ﹬СˣŹ֮ҲֻռһСѡ
ǻ˷Ĺˡʲô˼ѵͭµıǡˡ𣿡
üͷ·磬̫Ĵ˵ȡġ籩֮ӦĴ˵
Щ˵кܶ汾Ϊ̫ԶǴѾˡ
ڻ˷Ĺ˵ȴʮϡ٣Ϊֻܶǽȣ֪ô˷ĹֻһЩԵɺϵˣŽ뵽˵أǹڡˡʲôȴû˵塣
Ϊǵ·սķľūͣ˵˾˵ȣ
ֻһ壬Ȼ˵ҲǷǳǿȴԶԶ޷뵱ġˡȣ
ǵѪѾ̫̫࣬˵ǻ۶ʧˣøޡ
ȻʧǻۣȻѪȴšˡӡҲʹǶԡ˷ĹַľηȵΧ
ҪȣǷŭȻƫƫ־η˽ҲֻĿţ׷롣
˼ʱͻȻԶӯԶصľͷӰӰ´µһΪӴıǧɽһ㣬¶㹻ڱصӰӡ
ֻ꣬ʮֹϢѾޣﵽ񼶱𣬼ôԶҲԳܵĸо
ǹȥ
һСħһӰ˹ȥ
Ƕ˷ǧ߿գһ·Ծף˵е꣬Իʮ֮ã֣˷Ĺе꣬ȴһĻʬǣֻӴ׳ĹΡΡȻƺ˵ǻԻ͵Ĺȥ
˷ĹĹ֮ϣܵһݵıϢһתľƽļ¶
תͷСħһۣȴСħɲģʣƺ׳˷Ĺеı֮
Сħɣ׵ıϣֱֻһСǳһ㡣
ϵĹŹףҲɽСŹ׵ͭױϣӡĹ׾ģɢֺâ
ÿһâֱ̺˵һյش
΢΢зѪǹɨâһǣȴоֱһ顣âаڽĳ
ŹȫպϣԷķӡΪҪǲˡ
ˡЩ·Ŵ콾ЩŹ֮ôţȴȥ˼Щͷˡ
ȥ˼Щûʲô壬Ͼ̫ھԶҪ£ǳڶ췣
ԭ͸򴨵ļ²⣬˷ĹһõͻƵص㣬ȴطԼԭҪã
ЩӴ޼꣬ЩǳͭŹףҪ޴ڣȻŨʮϢ
ǿҵڣܹǣ˷ĹһĴѹ̰ǡ


1662 췣
һҺɫӡָ֣ۣķȥ
ͻ֮ǰҪ׼
ЩҺɫӡһħħȫ˷ĹϢϡ
Ͼ˷Ĺ޴ڵ֮⣬ľ뵵Ϣ
һӡķǳ׹䣬ĵطγһĥ𲻵ڷġ
ķһµʱ䣬˰ģһ󷨣󷨣лĹһ
˷ĹеǿҲҪѭһֿΪԼá
ʱΪ룬һޱȣݺύ޴ġھ󡱸֡
ǣشѹҪӦ䡣
۲˷Ĺáħ֡ӡϼ򵥵ľ󣬱󷨡
䡣
ڵӿ֣εĴ֣ʼڵһͭŹͬһֻֻ޵ۡ
ģʵЩĹ֮һˣҲ㹻ˣ
СħɳԾĿΧһֻֻӴ޼Ӱ˿
۶һֱ̣ӽֽƺõ̰飬һʳ븹
һȥ͸оͬһżը̫һ㡣
һӿȣͬҽƵʼѪ⵱ײŰ
֮Ѱ뿪ֳ忪ϸ˿֮ǿϹ޻Ҫǿʮ
ǽһǳѣ顣
ɾǿ壬Ȼʼ̰ͬǺӵ£ƤĤѪ粨˰㱻·Ҫȫ顣
忪ʼƵ
ͬʱһҩӿĺÿһѪУоһֱĳ졣
ܸоԼڷƤĤѪڿʼɱ䡭
ջǳľŸλ
ǾŸλʼǴһ㣬صķӡһɹɵĴϢ
СħɵƤ£ϵľŸλʼһĳѪ⡣
ѪǿңһĶ̴ڤڤеһʼٻ
ݡݡݡ
һصǻԣͻȻСϷ֣ȫİס
ǻܵȴǸʵǿҡ
һڵǵڿռ䡣
ŵĸ߿ϣ·룬ſ貵ǳ
Щǳɢ͹âһλӦǳС
ˬüҪӿ̰Ȼѹȥһ֡
ûʧޱߵǻ£Ŀһǳϡ
ǳ̰ǣ
ʱ̰ǣǾſǳģɢĹâһλӦǳС
ɭǹ壬оͬʱȴҲ裬̰ǵǹ⣬ôյģ뼯ʮ־ԤͻȻ䣡
ģʼɱ䣬̰ҩɵһµľѸ
忪ʼ⣬ȣȻһĳ־Ө͸ɫ·һ񣬲ϱңʼ¶һ档ëʼţҩʡ
һɲǣһ̶˻дĶУһǿƥϢ·Ǵ˯ѹ
䣬ԭڸҩͻȻ񱩣ȫƤըѪܱѣѪ
ţ
ƺһԸ֪̽ǱԼĨɱ̰鵤飬Ȼ̰ҫ֮£¸ˣ
ǣ̰ǵǻԣ⻽ѾԼĨɱĵ飡
ʶһ㣬ͷ
ͫȻ·һ㡪׼ȡ̰ǣѹĹؼʱ̣̰Իɴ¡
⽻֮£϶ᱬ
һչճһ·
ԭ洢ڰھеʱڷǣ֮ӿ
ôؾ󣬾Ϊ˶žһĻķ
һƵĺھ֮УһͷѾӰźڹ⣬һȥ
ɿµ˲Ϣû嵱С
ȻֻµϢھ鷨֮£شƣȴԿ̰ǵ
ʱһɺɫϢ̰˺ҧ
һ֮£ҪȫѹһҪӳ졣
䣡
˴֮У̰ҩϱֽ⣬ûҩԴԴԼ⡢Ѫ
ļ⣬ʼһǿƥҩ룬
ͬʱʼ̰·ʼңѹեֽҩ
̰άƽ⣬һͷĳ
̰鿪ʼһҩҺݺݱ
ϵҩͬ׷׳ÿһط׵ںϡ
޴ҩˢ֮£ȫÿһë׶ڷŹ⣬ǿ
ż˿ڼѪһ㣬ҫ塣
а֮ҲʼΡ׳ɢ

һ£·嶼ҪűʱȻ̧ͷ˫ʵʻˮͰâεض
˸һصĵ绡ͬ죬ֱӳΪҫ̰ǡ
˲䣬˫ڵһɣڰ󶼷ǲǲ·ǲĴ죡
һ̣ǺڰʹѾɣ̺ȫӿ壡
ɴƵ֮£ٿ񱩵ĳȫѪŷڼߵٶȳ¸Ħҫۻ⡣
֮նŤ·ʱѣƾˡ
ۿͲϿ̰ǣʱ֮з·׹
һɹ嫵Ϣƾճ֡
о裬ȫһ㼦ƤֱӶĪΣյĸӦ
ϴγʱһһɹɴ·֣һ޼ʵĵͼ
ͼ棬ֳ桢ǺɽӰ
ÿһͼжϸС˸
ڶγԥǵͼȥӿѪϣȭͷһķ׵ǵͼȥ
̰ٴν޾ԴԴбһеġ
䣡
ѹգ˲Ϣٴ٣·ܹݻһеһȭ˵ͼǰ
ͼ־ķÿһ˸׵仯ÿһ仯һƷС
㹻ѹһе۷
һȭһǰƣصĺ


1663 Ƶͼ
еĵͼŲçĴϣһȭҪȥʱ̣ͼ֮Уһ͵Ĺâ˲Ϣ塣
ѪǺεʢǱɫâֻ֣ȫļ䶼˲Ϣ䱻һʮֹ죬ܵĸо
գ۾ͼøӾ޴ãȻޱ߼ʵĺڶһֻӨĴ֣Ӻڶ̽ƫеӭһȭ
䣡
ȭײ̶Ľ֮ҫ۵ľ
ǳײһ𣬳ķϯ񱩵硣
䣬ǵͼĶѸ
ţ𾪣⾧ӨĴ֣ѵǵͼݻģֵǣԼΪʲôʶĸо
ʱصͼŤһʵӰӵͼ߳һϮɴȣ˫·Ǻµ쾰
ȫӵͼ¶¶˼飬ô
ͼˣȻ
𾪵ĵͷͼ֮ǲһ£Ȼ䷢ֱĿռ
ǷֵʱȴѾˡ
һֻϤȭͷʵʵĺϡ
Ӵ޼ϣֱ˺ճı
ǹɳ·ǳңȻź֮
ֱ֮ӱѣѪɽ
˲Ϣ䣬һƬƬѪҺĺ챦ʯճƵĺ籡
֮ɷ򡭡ѵǣ
شתæɿռ令סȫ뵵ĺ֮һıϣ廤סͬʱҲ͵ϮԼĿֲ߰˰ˡ
Ȼƶϣǵ͵Ϯ֮ǾĪ
͵Ϯߣһĸߴӣȫڵսףòս֮Уʲ壬̺űҪֲȫųصĺ֮ս
ֻǿһۣԺһ֡Ԫ
ȻûмԪ𣬵ȴܿ϶͵Ϯ֮˴ʱеϢ̬ǻԪɣ
Ԫô
𾪵ͬʱҲ侲˫Ŀ֮УĹʣһ̰ǣұҪ֮Уǹ֮췣ȴң
һȫѪӿϸ֮Уת֮籡ȫñѿʼš
һȭͼٵͻȻ֣Ԫش˲Ϣı仯Ѹײڶ
ȻףΣԪ𶼲ܳһԶһδôڻ˷ĹͻȻԼοԻԪʵɱԼĻֻҪһԼͷˡֻһȭѶѣ
ϸ۲죬ķ֣ȻѪϢӶ֮еĻԪһ޶ȴȱһֻӵصƣ
ˣܷ֣з·һɴ֮
ʣӰѣ뵽ͼвǰ͸ԼǵâԿ϶鶯̰ǣģ䵱еԼԣҪԴ˿ԼϾУ۶ǻԪ𣬶ǣĵľη
伶
̰ǣ֮ͨһл񹥻Ȼ׿ƣһ׹ȡļ֮󣬾Ӱľ֮ޡľޱǿôͻ֣֪ǰﲻ޷ֻ̰ģġ
ʱԼηսսȻԷӳ
ͷСģΪղŵһشѣʧ˲Ѫ߶֮ʱҲһԼ
췣δͻƣ̰ǵͼδ£ôɲʲôϢ
̰ǹթҪڶӦ֮УǼ򵥵顣
һֽһöӻԲĵҩС
öҩʽĳõŵ
һöŵʮڻ֣񵤼ĵҩ
û̷ֱŵϾŵ֮У̺ʮӴ̷ֱ˵һʱѹƲסŵеᱻ̰пɳ֮
ֻץŵǣŵеȫѨŵҩеľ
Ĺŵ֮ԴԴϵ֮Уղ壬ʼõ̲
ͬʱ̰˵ʱ䣬Ӱһͬʱɱģ֮еĺɷηǵص
һˣֻǼٵģҲû֮ӲƴĿ̰ǣ̰÷۵Ӱս壡
һٻ˻Ԫ칬
壬û˻Ԫ칬֮У
䣡
һ죬Ԫ칬󷨾ҵӰĹȫڻԪ칬֮ϣ
Уа֮ӿ
ͬһٴǣ˷ĹеشƣܵвдͭŹĻ˲־ǣ˳
꣬ǻˣڼʮǰǿǿڡ
еĻ䣬㹻
ʱ䣬һ磬㹻յ꣬ԼһģĺɫӰڻԪ칬֮⣬ѸٰΧס̰ģͻԪ
Ȼ˷ĹشƣͻᾡԼʵȡǽթ̰ǣӰԴѹѾ㹻
˷ĹеԼ˵Ĳ־ֻǱǣʮ֮һҲǿֲޱȣǱǰ̰׺ݵĳ嵽һ
䣬ⷽС𶯣ղϱս˺ѡ
ӰشѹƵһɲǼ䣬̤Ԫ칬ȻеĵͼֳַѪǹֱȥ
һɹͬͭŹ޼᲻ݵϱյǣڷѪǹϡ
𽥵ģѪǹϹâԽԽʢʼ·һֻѪſǵء
һ̣·оһ̫ѪǹȻգ
һ˲䣬зѪǹȻ̳ǧٴΡÿһǹ㹻˺գնǳ
ѪǹڼУڿ衣Ļˣǰ̣һķ˸ϯ
ȫѪҲȣȼһ㣬γ˳ɫķĻ档
ǧǹһ𣬷ĺǵͼһ㣬Ҳһ̱ŷ¡
꣡
񱩵ľ죬ҫ۵âĽɫƬ־޴ޱȵصͼͱȫһǹˣ


1664 ̰
ǣ
ձĻ飬µıգƾǵͼһɲǣһӿӵͼд·һ׳ɫ
һ壬ͬúءԭ˲Ϣ˴ѪһӣɺԵһЩȻȫͬʱ滹һĵϺ棬ڹѪķģ
ʱԱããͭŹûĽ׾ˣģԼԪս˽
ϾֻģӰѣӵеʵôܸȣ
ģڱӻ˷ĹõشơͭŹ׵ݺѹ
Ӱ˲䣬ķҲһͬ顣
ЩϵԱΪǾ
ԪϵϵķϾźܴĲͬԪϵķһЩӵģϵľ򣬾ͬǺӣǹãѪ죬
ⷨǳ֮
ʱͷ̰ͻȻâʢԭСͼҵĲһӴг֣ҪЩϯȥ
룡
ЦһΪ˲ֳڶ׼ôãܹþͼշٶȻָ
˲Ϣ䣬ָɶһ·޴
һ֣Զʼԣʵʡ
ʮ취һ֣򣬲ʮ취·ԴķȻȻˣȴ˿ʮ취򣬱Ͼ޷֧·ҲһԺʮ첢еĴ硣
˲佫ǵͼϯз籩ȫס
Ӱ磬ֱľȫѨſȻЩǳ֮ȥ
ݡ
·ǾǺӣһտռ䶼Ťˡ
ʱһɹɴľ֮ԴԴɽ
䡪
ԭٴοѡ
һΣȴû˿ѪֻǽѪڷ⣬Ѫ⣬棬ƺӡǳԣ
Щǳ֮Զ󣬽֯ɲõǺӰɫٲһ㴹䡣
ʱһѪ֮ӿ
ûܿڶֻ˾Ĳ㲻֪ǿڳ˶鵤ҩ
ӿ֮£忪ʼԶգȫڷŹ⣬ա
Ҫըһ㣬ȴʼּƥ
ڣڵ֮Ѫ
а֮ΡΡɽ㣬ûʵʵӰһƣյԼ⡣
һƤë׼ȻնˮƵķۡĳ죬ռ䶼ȫ
һ˿ڣڴʱһ̤ռ䶼ը׵죬Ȼڲ̤ŵ棬ٴγ
˲Ϣ˵ͼǰϸֳַѪǹת£ʵʵһǹԭͲ˵ľǵͼϣ
ȱľǵͼʱҵ·ɽһ㡣
ɱƴ̶ޱȣʵʻķײڻ˷ĹǧĹ֡
ޱ޼ʵĵͼϣڳһɱ棬ѷ졣

һٴһǹ̳֮Ѫ˳һǹצĳֱǵͼѷ졣
һǹ
ǹ

һǧǹ

ɽȫ˲Ϣ˳ǧǹÿһǹڵͼѷ룬ѷ첻
ѷΪģǹѵأ˷ݺ˺ѡ
ͼʼϵĲ֨֨죬һ鲣ڲϱʼϷѵ졣
ڣǽڱ죬Я磬ٴγغ䵽ǵͼ϶
һĴ·ǳֱ֮ӺϸĹ㡣
¡һ죬ͼڱѿ
һƵǻԴӱУϵк£ƬƬĿʼϡ
ԭڲϷ壬ٴαҫ۹â·̫ըһ㣬Ŀޱȡ
ʼ
һǻԱɣͶ䶼з׵˻ռ䲻𵴡
ıǿıǡ
һ̣Լһȭȥ㹻˺ѣһж顣
·һĻСħɣоһľս
ǿȻһĪηСѪߣоηǿѪ
ȻҲΪСħɵСħɾŴɴﵽԽĿ¾硣
Ųһ㣬ը죬Ӱ˲Ϣԭʧ˺գԵ̰ǰ
Ӵޱȵ̰ǣʱȴֻгСƺӦ̰ǾȻ˲ϢûŨŨĺڰС
䣬һ¾;쵽̰ǵڡ
˫Ҳֱ̽еһ㣬ʱ˫û˹ҽ档
Ȼ˲Ϣ̰ǵĺ֮С
һ˲䣬ȻӿŹ֮ɸо̰ǺǲͬѰϢ
ֱһȡͼǺӣ
䣡
ûޱ޼ʵı׺ĻɽԼһ޼᲻ݵĺڶ桭
һɹǿƥļµϢޱߵŭûǺӣһը졣
̰ǣ鶯죬ͬʱҲǴ췣
˵ͨأз
а֮Ӱĺڷ磬ֱӴģ֮ѪԱڶʵ֧飬֮췣еڤˮһϢ
ѪҺеķڶʼҽ顣
һ˲ϢҳһţܵӰ죬һ췣֮ȫѪӿ
·ʤ̰ķԼߵһǰ
·ǣ£ֱۣӴ棬췣С
ʱЩ·Χס޵ľ̰һ˿ס
䣬̰Ǻӳ״ը
һΪǻ£ЯһſǳڷģֱڻѪҺ⵱С
⡭һ˿췣췣⡭
ֻȫһʹҿֵоС
췣Ĵ⣬о궼ڲ˷ܵĲ
ͬʱһ˿˿ʹҲӣǴֱӡоĳʹ
ʱƣеǻʼתԶ
Улֺ˸⣬׵žһƺܹȼա
ޱȣ֮ͷѪ궼һ
оһĪǿϢѪڷģһ˸
췣һ̣ڿ


1665 
ս˫ȭĿ˸Ϊͻ췣֪˶Ŭڳɹ
ԼӿȲҪսһĸо
Դ뿪Ź֮ѾܾûһǿĶĴһˡ
Ŀڤϸ췣
ǰ췣ϸ
췣ãΪý飬ͨأ
һС棬ԶӦǳǧ磬ν췣֮˵׾
췣߾췣Ϊͨý飬֮
ǿжǿе壬ҲǱѡ
֮ȴͬ޾ݡ
ǱըڶЩȥҪ˲仯ɷɻҡ
ȻڵʵҪģԶҪߵ·
֮
Լս˫ȭڵ췣عͨؼȵָоǴ˵е˺һ
ֱ˴ˣΪﵽµʱ˭ս͵ͬڸս
ߵӰŶݼ̤ǣ䱾ʵǵ˴޾ǷĹɡ
ǷΪʮ֮һǱĳԭס˵Ļñʥֻ̼һЩˡ
췣Դߵشƣ³־սҲ͸֧ߵҲǵǵǿڣ
ҵԵ䡷ķɣʵڽ˰ɣҲν˫֮
ֻоԼͶ֮䣬ǣشƣȫԪ纣糱
ܽش֮⣬ǿҲõֱӵӣ췣һ˿⣬ѾѪС
һεĴУǿ󡣶Ȼ˫ۣĿϵ˸ƾˡ
ָ磬ѾͻƵ췣̫ˣ
䵽һͭŹϣСħɲ֪ΪʲôͻȻһᣬղ췣һĻѪ˺ѡȴһæﲻϣһ˵ơ
ʮʱ䣬Ϊͻ췣ŬָСħɶ·ûпɽҲûд֧֣еԴҪԼһһ
˵ĳǵᣬ˶Ĺâҫ̨ۣԾտȺֽۣȺڰʦŪڹ֮䣬˭һꡢʱûûҹķҲϢľָ˵ǲ߲ݣȫѣɫ԰ף˫ĿѪ˿
Ŭڻ˽Ľ
˶²ܣСħҲ֪ܾʲôȻ˭Ϊ⿿ܾɽ漣ǾʹشˣߵڣԼ֡ǡ˺ܴá
Сħɴ˿ǿνͨСħɵ뷨Сħһ·Ѿˣ֮Ǿ͸ûˣ٣Ҫߵ·
ҲǡСħһ֣µĵ٣ҪԵĸ࣬Ҫʥ壬ҪԿѾʥүү
˵ڴ֮ǰСħɸоԼĻڣȴȼս⣬ֻǿ忹Դ١
ңǿȥСħҲҪϽϲ˲ܲ˦ҪԼľŴ
ͻ췣ĺô
ţҲܸоڵѪҺˮƵӿǻδȫ̰ŵһЩҩѪҺ档
ʱ򣬱ɫҩİ
廹û桭ȻͻƵ˵ڶǾʮѣԲܴ⡣·ޱߣ֪жźǿߣǽȴ׷ꪣɶҲǰٷ֮ʮѣк֮ܶӣ䡭
·Ҫһսȫ׼
ôҾʱ䣬Ļ˷Ĺһͻƣ氵롣
һͻ췣˵׼ҲһΣѣȵһγһʱСöࡣ
·һкܶ಻ȷغա
һ̿ʼͱҪٴξԼŬ׼
ɶڡ˸һȻ˵
Сħ۾ǹճһ˿ȻЦʮҪ·㾲޵ʱҲţպøһɲ̫࣡
ãһ𡣡Сħɣȵˣ΢΢һЦ
ʱţСħɣ⴦ľ֮һͬ
˶Ǿ콾ǵһʱɢɵĹ⻪ϢСħɺڷϢҲһ𣬳
߿ķͻ棬ķһеӰȼաɢ
˫޵ʱԽеǺڷ˵Ӱʵ
һһ·һ̫һ̫ʶĿ
ҫ۵طĴ˵ĹѪʼΧ˳
ڻ˷Ĺӣޱȡ
Сħɳ˫ޣһδθǿ
֮
ڵҩͬͻƵ췣ջЩǻȫںϣڷ豹棬ûһк
Ļۣȴﵽһֲĵز
ʱĿ׼ΧһԼͭŹкĻ˲־
ؾԪ
һָһҺɫӡֱڿ𵴳ʱһǣӿȥ
ħӡ
ħ֣ܹնħл꣬ڤǱħˣʱħջ˷Ĺӯʵ̫ò
ʱħ֣ʼʳΧԼΧͭŹĻ˲־
Щ־جج֪ޱȣЩĴڡ
һɹɻ˲־ħ֣ͬʿ˽̷ġ
һֻֻͬǾ޴Ľ׾ӰģһħɣΪΪʼϳӯ
˷Ĺ̺̫࣬һյüΪޣջۣȴ˲õı仯
ı仯Ǵ䵽ʱĻۣ֪䣬Ѿ⵽£Ϊʼˡ


1666 
ȥ˷Ĺ֮вϵתۼ䣬ʱ䡣
ͷϵ˾СħɼСħ궼ټԭͷͲ̣Сħɵǧ˿Ѿ˽ףͬŭŵĺɫõ塣
ɮ붨˿˿Ƶ·ʼϸܵĺ˿ȫ
һߵĺ˿ͭŹŬطĵ⡣
ȥ󡭡
ŬڵĵԽԽ
ֻǼ򵥵ͭŹϣɢ⻪·
ķĴƤĤѪ渡֣յУԶȡؾԪ
ͭŹϵķ⣬ȻҲУľѾ
ģӡͭŹϣܹԶγӴľ󣬴ؾԪɾŹĶⶫںϽ⡢ѪҺУôսʱ򣬻ԾաؾԪٶȲ죬ȴҲô
ţһӡ
ʮ󡭡
һգڤڤУƵģװ졣ÿ춯һƶڸ
һһöӵĵҩģöҩṺŵ
öŵ֮ǰֻǱųɵҩЧ
ֱӽŵ̷һɲçۻ硣
ʵһڽ̰ǣ췣֮ŵеӿҲȫ޷ĸ
ʮʱ۵ĵ̣ڿʼȫͻڣ
һﴦ¡һ죬һƱһöطĳ֣˺ƵϢ
һͬȫǷСƴ
ϸĳ֣ӿһڽԪȥСֱӱسɽӡӴ
ǣ
⣬ϯ޴а֮Ӱ߸ڿУҵ׻𱬷Ŀı߽硣
֮ռ䱬顣
Ȼ̺ſ»׻֮Ҳ
׻Свϵһƴ̵ɫ֡
СҲһɹɷӵչ£ʼı仯ɵĲԽԽʢ
ı仯µʱ֮ȫëﾫâ䣬ݱٽβŵеҩҲȫա
۾һɲǣȫֲϢȻһ˲ȫȫʧ
Сħɿ·𶼸Ӧ˵Ĵڡ
һ̳׸Χһ
ڵС磬Ҳһ˿صϵ
ȱʣһͻƵڣΪ֮ǰ췣ѾԹͨأﵽ˺һľ硣
ָ磬Ҳˣһǰ벽ʥʥ磬治ָ֪ﵽʥǿʲô̶ȣ֪ûһԱĿܣСħε˵
𣿡ҡҡͷ̫ǿҾʥҲ޷𣬹Ǵ磬ͿȼҪֿԽ󾳽Խս״̬²ʵ
ڴ֮ǰһֱܹԽ󾳽սսսʥ
ǵ˴𾳽磬һ̫󣬶һĶ˽ܣʱڣһԽսҪԽ󾳽ȴˡ
šȷʵ˵㣬ȵָʵȻܸһʱָʵǶ٣û˵أ
ûô򵥡΢΢ҡͷ޷ԤԼɶȻǶ١ڻ˳ءڵľвȶ滹ããʮַḻЩΪʳڵľ磬ȶڵС硣
żȥʱʼʱ䣬ҪһķãΣʱɱﵡ
ҪڹΪﵽڵľ硣
֮⣬СħҲҪȡﵽڶ塣

֪չصһ·ȴһС顣
ĳһգͻȻһֻˡһֻѪķޣڷ˵ıϣȻһȫڱɫȹ֮еŮӡ
Ůֱɴĳ֣ע⣬ȴǾʡۡ
ۣλ񾳽磬ȻȴרųأԼŮӡ


1667 ʥ
ãã޾ƺ֮ϣƯһտĹͬˮɣǽڣǶһŵĻ꾧
꾧ֵͬԻ˵ݳ޵ƷڣһǶĻ꾧гǧö
꾧֮УĴܸܵŨԪһʵӵķˣڴˣҲΪ꾧ɱǿߣ˼άݣĿڳ¡
ʱһ֮Уȴһ磬ﲢеׯϹһдеԴҰŽأٲɽк£ͬƥҲݷɹգö
Ƭ԰֮УһṲ̊Уߣһֻһֱˣʱ˵ѾСʮɴСȫȼɫĻ棬ֻ˸ܲ˿ȶȣ֮󣬾궼Ϊ֮ĸо
ɫ汻Ϊ棬һֲСħ֮Ŀֲ棬Ϊר֮ΪУǱС
棬ֲޱȣֻѾӽ꣬Ѫڷһ֮Ҳ壬һ߿ϵĻ棬ͻᱻֲĺɱ񣬶ᱻգɻҽ
Ṳ̊˼ɾʱĸɴ̬ȵ崿Ů˵ϣſеŮ
ǲ֪Ůӵݣܹ칬֣֮µĽӼݵ֪ˣ
ܶ칬ŮڰŮӵǺηʥ
ܶΪܹӵˣпҲ񼶵ĴڣȻ·ǷëǣҾëǵļУ֮⣬ĶǴ˵еЩ˵׷ݵʮǰЩˣţ˵ţЩǷ˶д֤
ЩĶгҲûŮһŮӣ˵ʮ߰궼Ϊòô۵
һ·칬ŮǷ׷׹ڵء
УҲ칬ĸ߲ԱЩǿߣһҪŮд
Ůˣʲô·
Ů߹ȥ칬ܹܾ㵵Ĵ
֪òһɣ٣Ҳ
ܣҸоĳֻǳ𾳽磬ΪĻп񾳽磬ҲΪһǰΪ
ŮȻأȴûԼĻ꺣ϵǿߣѷֱŮӵľ硣
ǿǿľ磬˸е˷롣
һͼôܵ۵
ǵ˽´֮УŮǰ
֮ϲʯȪȪˮˣ滨ţŮֱ빬һµѾڵȺˡ
ͷǹڣüͣ˫޳ȫûһ˿һйǷ庮ţȻֻ߶еĻݡޣȴͬηһ㾴ηӣ֮ݵͷأ޹
ӣˣҲ·Щ˵ڣʵȴ֪֮⣬ΨһһΪ֪ܣ
ˣ·۵ĳƺţ˼·Ļһˣ
ʥ
תǰŮӣĿ֮һ˿ʣĴתѾ˵תˣֻҪʱգͿת
ŮӳĬʥ֣ҲһԼĳƺšʥ
Ȼʥȴǳ·ʮ죡
תѣѵǺߡˡתʥƽҲǺ޲
תѣЦҡͷҲֻ˵ⷬˣȵɾתҲɾŴشûסˣ
۸ʥߵۡ
Ȼʥֻ̾һƺʲôⲻĽһ㣬˿ûΪĺΰǰ̶¶ϲ֮ɫ
һƺʶʲô΢΢ԥһƽȰοʥһֱף츳α£Ǹ˺üϼһȫŻ֣ƾǶˣưʮ춼£
۵Ұļ󣬶ⷬѾǵһθʥˡ
ʥǳͺƳ磬ǡĺĽ
ۣʱȻҲݷԴ̤֮ѾûʲôŮܹˣѾһˡ
ܹ˸߰ĽŮӣ֪ˡ
Ȼʥǰ۴δ¶ʲôҪ׷ʥ̫̫ˡһıߵŮˣ˭Ҳ״
ۿǸ˺üϼһҲֻʥˣʥ˫޵¡
ֻһֱף˸߰ʥΪʲôҪһ˰ٱֹϼһ
ҪʥͻȻˣν칬Ϊ⡰
ôȻ󣬵ҶԣŪѣ㿪ҪĪ˵ʮҲȻΪŪֻҺܲϲԼʵ֮ȴΪǸ϶
Į£˭
ʥ΢΢ĬϢ֮Ȼͨ㣬Ҳа취Ūֻ鷳˺ܶ࣬ҿṩҪı꣬Ȼֻܾܸˡ
ˣʥĿҲûʲôı֣εҡҡͷ˵ðɣû취һ㣬ҪΪɵת׼İɡ
ǡ
ʥĹתǳ⣬תÿһתһ
ת֮ľ綼֮伸󾳽磬ޣ
ֹǾŸ޷ҪԶʮٶȣΪϵĻͻԽԽ͵
ɵתĻ츳ۻǶҪľˡ·ʹ˰ٷ֮ʮļ¼ʥ컯ʥĦΪ·ʮɶȣ
һΣҪˢԼļ¼ˣ˵ܴﵽٷ֮ʮ
Цҡͷʥÿһת츳ۻ
˱̬Ĺ޷Ǵģ·˴·ʱ򣬶ûϵ
۶תҲһЩģĲ²⣬ȴ޷϶
ʮʥüһƽҡͷôܴﵽʮɶȡֻǴеְˣĪ˵תңתҲûκΰգһɣ·ֵڣδͻƾʮְɣһεĿ꣬Ҳǰʮ嵽ʮѡ
ʥ񵭣һЦ˵ɶȰٷ֮ʮ壬Ҳǰ޹˺ˣ


1668 
·ɶȣΪھԶ࣬·ͨߺ֪Щ·óɼǶ١
ȴǳʮ߳ɼϸϣɶȴﵽٷ֮ʮˣֻʮˣ컯ʥӺʥ
ڰٷ֮ʮɶȣǸǴûй飬۲Żáǰ޹˺ߡʥ
ʥֻǵҡͷ˵ʮһֻصĴ٣Ҳ־¼ԪÿӢ۱Ŵŵɼ׼ģδ꣬ǧ֮ڣӿֳٷ֮ʮɶȵţ˵Ļ¼ԪŲʧ
ʥƽ˵Ļȴһµơ
ıߣͲ¾ϣģһӢ۱ĴֻĴ£ඥ콾ľ֮УпͻԼļޣﵽ֮еļ¡

һ˵ŮϢܿ·ˡ
ԭһֻޱﻹôעؼ۶Ůмӣżһͬ칬ûзȺָоֱͬȵλԴŮˡ
һ֪ڴŮݡ
Ůûйأεڳ֮ڱϳ
Ȼ˵ŮתÿתòԼֻǱø۶ѣһβμвΧʢ˼ǶŮӡΪ̡
Ͼ·һֻ˵ɶȳ˰ٷ֮ʮһ컯ʥӣɶȰٷ֮ʮһһʥɼӿţﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
컯ʥ˵ʥأǶûϵʱ֮³·һԽӼ
úܶ˲ԣ˵Ů츳ٺãҲ˵ٷְٵĿܳɾɣŵĳɳܻᷢ⡣
ѾǿˣŸһźƽƽô
˵ŮԺҲͲͨΪ۱ѾԺյ˼ˡ
ѵ˵Ů⣬ʲô֮ӣ
ܶˣ߰Ʋ⣬һƲ⣬Կ϶һ㣬ǾŮ츳ǳ£ԭĻҪ£
Ůʱ֣˽ٴϵһ
ܲڶβμɣ
ǵӡУȻ˵ֻܽһΣĽǰɶģϴ˰ٷ֮ʮõ˶Ӧٷ֮ʮĽôһΣǰٷ֮ʮʱ򣬶ûκνֻɵٷ֮ʮһʱ򣬲Żõ
ɵʲô̶ȣҪ츳Ĺ󱲸һμһξͻԿˣպдԵΪ츳ͻͽٽһҲʲôʱ仯Ϊ˻Ҫ˷һҾΣգֺõ飬˭ȥأ
ǱŸָ뷨ػŮ۵ǻ
ȥʱţΪ·Եؾڵ˿ʱˡ
·Ĵ£
ʸ񲢲ãÿһʸ񣬶ζҪϡ֮ģһؾ·Ҳܴճٸʸѡ
·Ҳд󼸰ٸˣЩŪʹúܶһʸŪ
ԽԽ·ɧ

ʱڴһŻĹϢɽ֮УͻȻ˺¡һ죡
ʯѣһɫĹ˺գʯһֱɳ
ɽȸʮ߼ʮɣֲֳָ桢󸫵ˡ
Щ˱ͻľһתͷһʯһĺɫĽ֮гɴǵۡ
Ƿ׷׿ţһ׷
꣡
ʮӳǵ
ԭصע˿µһֱɶصײɫ֮ϡ
Ȼײһ˲䣬ɫȴ˺صĻܣеĹ
ɫھ޴ĺ֮£ٶȸ죬գ۾ʧʣʮűܣȻȴԽԽԶ
ɫȻǻԪ칬ˡ
ڱչʮ֮ڴӻ˷Ĺ֮гأʵǰѾͬն
γأĿȻֻһǾ
Ԫ칬ĵգ·Ĵٷȥ


1669 ޺
·һƬޱ޼ʵĺΪ޺
޺ͨ·ˮ򣬹ޱȣɲ⡣
һǳ޺УҲᱻˮû
Ŀֲĺޡ󵽲󣬼𾳽ǿߣҲԸ޺Щֲĺޡ
ȻЩʱգ˼޺ȴʼԽԽˡ
ʱʱи߽߷ӹ棬ʱд֧û
һжΪؾλ޺ϣ
˵·ΪҪһɲ֣Ϊ·˵괴·磬Ϊ˲С
˵׿ףʵǣ·һʢˣ
ʢᣬԼеҪμĻǵȻҪ鿴ӵı֡Լû˲μҲѼ鱨̽жѰĵӳɳ
֮⣬к֮ܶˣר￴֣Ƽ˽콾˴ĳ棬ܴ

ʱ߽شһƬɽ֮УһռţŽֺ꣬ɽв˼ʮ׾ĴЩ󣬼޵۹ҲƵǶˣһ뿪жǿֶ֣Ժƣ
˺󷨵һţ˵ӦʮҲ˽ܱǣȻǡǡ෴֮˶ϡ裬ûʲôɽǰڶҲûп
ΪЩȻޱǿ󣬵ʯٶ̫죬Ǹ͹ӦЩ󷨵ֻǰˡ
ʣһԻͣȴû˵š
ʱŵĴ֮УһӺһŮڵϣǶǰվһ뷢԰׵ˡ
³أ죬ǶˣʥصϣԴʧ֮ԸĲʳѾ꣬ΪǡЩ˵㾡ԴһΣΪʦǻѴΪŪʸֻϣǣҪʧ
϶ƣ̬ӣ֮ƺѾǷвˡ
һнľˣû˻뵽ֻһ̤𾳽磬սķ·߳ƣŷɥȻʧ٣Ҳ˽֡
˾Ĺţû˵ǵȴǵľġ
ȥɣӣȻˣ첻ʥأΪʦǧǣǶʥؽʣĲƸˣΪʦԸǣǽܳɾʥأָյĻԻͣ
սһ޴ĺʯ̵ģʧе˫ʵԶɫȻĮ
ͬʱʥؼǰŵУȴȫһˣ
칬Уһǿգ۰ѩ߸Ư֮УȫɢŷĹâͶ֮䣬ռ䶼΢΢Ťţ
ǰῡܣһۿͷʮˣ
ʮ˵ǰ棬ŹʮߣʮˣΪڵͨȣǴʮѡٮٮߣμ
ǣľӢҪˣﵽٷ֮ʮϵɶȣҪڲμе֮Уеһ
µ쳹ƬУǳΪѡ
ǰеϵĹţ󣬻վ߸ߴӰ߸ˣȫ֮УΧſֲķ򲨶
ˣΪ
ߴҲݵִߣ
ǻ·һҲû֮ƥеĶ֡
Ķ·ʥ壬һͬʥص
·һʥһռǵıƴĳ˵ʥͻ֮ıƴˣ
ǵĶֻһǾҲԳ涯ԱӣӰ֮ʣ˿òֻܿһӰ
Ŀǲ޺ƼˣǵĿⶼʼջǺһǻΪ˹עĽ㣡ǲҪҶ棡ѹʥǶÿ˶ؽȫڿް꣡
ʻþǿлص

Ÿĳˡ

һ쳹
ƽĺ϶ȻǧУһֻȭͷСۣ·ɽĳ޴Ӻ˳
⺣һ֣ʹһɹ׺Ϣ
棬վһսʿֳ˸âꪣȻ֮ɫ
սʿ֮䣬վһӣӣ޺һĺ̫ӡ
˺壬ֳֵɭ׷ˮ棬ƺƴ
Щ˻δվȣʱдһХ
ֻһֻīľޣ·ǴǺӵ׹䣬ϱƲƣž䡣
ھ棬ϥһˡ
˵۾ķâ˵ܹ
Ʋһֻֻյͷվսʿ
תۼ䣬棬һҾ޴Ļƽʮֻŷڳˮ档
һֻֻǺƶĹµƷκˣڵƬʻ
ǻƽϣһĸߴɽӣһˮͰֵͿСһ߳ԣһб߲Զˡ
һֻֻ긡ˮϣ棬ǧվϣź
Щɫˣһ·˽ܣ
ڽ죬ȴڴˣǱ˴֮䣬еǳˣеѣǵĿ꣬Ȼˡ
֣˿డͻȻ䣬߿еİԶû˰ƽݡ
һ̬˶ڸʣ۷һƱҡҷ˵Ů˸ţһĴƶ˽¡
ÿһ´ƺ
֮ӣʱͷˡ
Ṭ
Ṭǰ벽ĽɫɱպաֻӼһʢᣬҲˡ
ԽԽ֣ʥص콾һ·ռһ׷׵
Ͼ·̫Ҫ
ʱ޺ĺһﳤĹۺϣۺ˳ӿЩ˶·ĸǿߣ˵츳δﵽܹμı׼ʶֻԶԶڹۺԹۡ
ĹۺʮദÿۺﶼͷܶƼ˸Ӣ


1670 ؾ
޺˳ӿĻ£һ֧ŮСӳŷпܣ
Сħ֧С֮С
ˣȴĽºͬ顣
ǰĽµ˰ʮǰԼõϵʽϵԷһͬϵ޺
Ľ£һɫװгϸΣߣһͷҵӡ
ӿȥʮò࣬Ц˫Ŀ磬ϱһ˸ߵصȫϢ·ͬıһһóʹɱĸ֡
صΪǧΪͨ塣
Ľһɱ֣츳㶥⣬ʵսȴզ࣬Ľµ˵ǧȫͬ׵ߣƾḻսһ
͵ϮĻǧս͸ǿĹʮ־ˡ
һǧμΪҵͻƴ
ǧߣɢ޳ɴƽǷܶɳҪȴĵӼѺܶ࣬ǴӵϹġ
ּΪᣬ¢ϣֲǡ
ǧ󣬻һʮӣò毺ãԣһۿȥѱŮ
Ϊ󻨻ΪӣȴмΪĴʣúܶŮӶҪˣΪдʵŮӻüҲ츳۴֮ŮӸǴʵŮӣǺܶ˫ް¡
ʵŮԱͲ࣬ʵԾ͸ˡ
󻨻ĶƫŮԵĴ󻨻ƫᡣ
Ȼ󻨻磬սȴǧѲʽǳĹ졣
ôˡ
Сħɿɽ˺ĳ棬΢΢һԭӡеӦһǳػΣյؾ֮Уֻʮ˲μӣؾ֮
û뵽ʢĳ档
Ȼ·ʢ£ÿһкܶðܶܶ˻ЩðǴˣǿѼ鱨һɢޣǾͿ£ˡ
ԭ޹ֵ컯ʥӺػŮɶȳٷ֮ʮᴫ÷з·һСﶼ֪ô
ţ˵СȻǻˣʼй飬ǻ׸ߵ
ţͻȻ䣬ֻңԶĶɹâ
ֻһ޴Ĺɽɽ嶼ƺ䣬нзҵƿ䡢䡢䡪ء
֮ڴƷһɹɾκˡ
ǹɽֱֳìӡĵİսʿ
սʿģûǹɽҫ۵Ĺ⻪С
ǡɽ
ɽôų
¥ڶ˾̾
ȴ֪ɽʵʾ˼·ʢУǣ˭ƣǻ֮ƴһ
ɽһߣĽ½͵ɽ˵һ鱦پļܳ鱦ĽޣΪ鱦ˣһ仯ǧǹһĳݣҲ鱦˰ɡ
ۡ΢΢ˣС
ٹܹ鱦ǲǱָĻԪ칬Ҫˣ
ߣСħɺĶţ˵
һЦ˵۱ϾĶﵽ鱦ļҲ֡ԪȱһˣĻΪҲǳˡ
˵ţСħͻȻ뵽ʲôһЦ˵һ鱦δôõʱˣʱʲôɽֵ˭˵أ˵ôָ硭
Сħ˵ƤһЦµӷŹʣղŵĻԪ˵ģҲҺԪֱ˵Χ˿¶Ϊ˵軰أ֪ɱ֮
Сħɵ˼ֻܶĳ˵ĵˣСħţ֮ڣʵۣɱʱɽֲۼˣǸ
ԣŸô˵
ⱦҲԪ칬Ʒء
СħţһЦԷǣ·ͬһۣһ˼˶޲öĤݵߴڣСħȴɱı֪һΪڶСҪɱԽ֪θ롣
֪˵ʲôõʱͻȻ䣬ڴ󺣵룬ĪĺƴϢ١
һɹɲϼƣѤޱȣȻǴ˿˿Ƶƾճ֡
ľ£˴ƬƬĺɫƶ䡣
Щƶ䲢ͨÿһ涼й˸ԿԿһҺ
ЩƣȻؼΪ顣
տʼˮһŤ
ǡͷһĸоƺһҪڵһ㣡
ѵҪˣ
𺳵һԣĽҲǵһμʶĳǰǵ͵ˣĻʢ¿֡
䣬ʱۺȺ󾪺
Ӷ½½һСɡһСɵˣӹۺȺзɳǴȥ
Щ˶ߣȻʵûбû·ǰȻܽУȴҪһ£֪ڴΪռ籩ΪȶһСľУܿʬ޴档
ؾλһķ磬Уû֡ǽƾޱ޼ʡƣ㹻𺳡
ģһ֧֧ĵԽԽ࣬ޱȡ
һ죬ķտռû󶯾
ֻУʼһɹĻɽ·ƺڤȪȻ
һЩе콾ȴ˿Щϲ
˸ѡʺԼȻЩǿ
˵죬¡һ졪
·һʲôţƿ
Ǵ󺣵룬֮Уȿʼǳһڵѷ졣
ѷƵĲһƬڵԼ˸
ѷѸţգĹ׾ģЯŷ׻ɽıԴĳ֡
ԼԿ޾ѷɽߣ֯˸Ŵ
һޱ޼ʵͼ¥ķı죬ĵ仯պͻ桭
𾪣˷ܡ·Ҫȫˡ


1671 
ѾȫǾ޴ޱȵѷ죬ͬձһ˫˺¶ѷ챳ֲص硣
ֻǿǸ磬Ƕо꣬ѪΪ֮ƺҪһ㡣
ءء
ѷ֮У˿ֲ죬·ʷǰ޵
Ԫ޾ĺˮѷɽȥγ˾޴ĺɫС
ֲĺɫ֮УܿһЩԼԼӰЩӰޣǾǿߣЩǿϢ·֯ﶼоս

Ī˵ΣպͿ飬Ī˵ޱʸ񣬵ֻǽУͲ֪жῡ᲻شѹȸУǸо·һһ㣡
һʱ䣬Χ޺ʮˣֻΧۣû˸ĳڡ
ʱƽ֯ĴĺϢ֮䣬мŮ߷ɵ˿УЩŮһ£ͷǹڣһǴŵĿܣ
ˣ
һۿЩ˵ΪȺ֮пһˡ¿
̶Ӭߵﶼ겻ɢ
СħһɫʮǰĳĴԵ¿ȻҲҪ뵽ҪСħɾ͸оǲ˹ʺһ
˵һҲС˰ɣô쵽һʸ񣿡
Сħдһʣ½뼸ǧˣûôʱĻۣﵽ硣ýֺͷҲ֪غľһʮּң֪ٵ۰Ͱ͵ĵأ
ǧ㲻ϴ󣬶Ԫ˵Ȼᣬһ㶼Ǽ꣬ǧŻμӵģ統컯ʥӣƺҲʥҽ
Ȼ˵󱲲μӵģҲûСħɺôģеʱ䣬һٶʮѡ
еһˣʱ˵Ľ㣬Уһͷڣһͷɢҳ̤С
ڿˣҵһѾ̫ã
һ˫Ŀ֮սƣ󣬰¿ڵļܣĸţΪס
ȻӵΪֻ֮ͣа벽ʥѡ
벽ʥһˣȴͳʥ
˭
вдʡ
̫ӡ
ߣĽ¿ڽ͵ġ̫ӡһţָ۵Ķӣһ߸̫ӣߴݣÿһ̫ӣ˽е˽ܣףλۣ̫ѡ̫ӣ̫Ƚǿһˡ
ԭˡȻֲ̫ͳˣȴΪͣ£ȻԽСôлõĺôԽ
¿ˣڽܽʵ츳Բı־ˡ
㿴̫ӺǸŮˣ̫
ʱһֻĽ󻨻ͻȻˣĴ磬ΪŮ˵
̫Ϊ̫Ӹߡ
󻨻˵̫ȷʵһ绨ŮˣŮԸУ˿һΪȻʥ۷壬̫һ󾳽硣
ʲôֵġ󻨻Ц˵ͻȻһص㻹֪ɣ̫ר̫˫޵ģ̫Ӹ̫ƹϵһҹǵõ˴ôģ̫ҲǴ֮壬ʣδҵĴٺ١
󻨻Ļӣʶĺһп̫ӵĴǺã˵һϵеԴ֮࣬˫ްҲרá
ţַһȺˣ̫ӵԣһΪ׵һӣһɫĳۣצǷ˻ʵ۵һ㡣
ˣ
¥˾·Ψһһܹ濹Ȼ
ʵ״Ӻףλ̫˿
кϷˡ
һɽݶοԭ͸ԣ̫Ӻͺ׶ϵʱ˵Ŀͬʵʣڿмҵײ
ˣľ콾˸߰֮ʱȻҪһ£
ʲô̫Ӱɣ׿̫ӣЦ̫ӵȻû˿ɵ
̫Цһ˵רҵô˼Ѿãÿ󱲵ҵսжĶĴͳǽ죬ͶһΣ
㵹ţεĿǰٷ֮ʮɶȣҶģȵԼĽɣ
׿ڳԣֻ̫Цһٷ֮ʮɶ˵˵ܴﵽġ
ϻ࣬ö컯Ĳģ
컯۾һ촽
¥еߣ컯ţһ۾Ź⣬񵤼ĵҩʥأܶ񵤶ǳ֣֮Чͨ񵤻Ҫóһ
Ҳֻľţֶܹҩˡ
ûʼ콾ԣľʵڼޱȡټЯſֲѹĿڣ֮ĸῡܣּڳĺܶ߸һӶûпܲμǼʶʢ£ѾǼĪˣ
ãҪ͵ҩ֮ã״ЦţˣһǾ޴ޱȵĺɫѷȥתۼͱ֮ʧ
ȳۺ·еĺܶ˶ǵһǿµĺɫоȥɥô
о﷢ʱ̫ҲԼ˺ɫУ
ѹȸʵ̫ǿ콾˽ܣɫгȥʱ򶼲˵һηжûС
˷룬СӽӶķźɫмɶȥ
ڶ߷ɽȥʱȴ˵Уע⵽һһƳŮӰ
ŮӶ飬ڿ͵籩֮оͥŲһƮݣĲӲ죬ֻǼ䣬ʹңԶ֮ǰһöɫһ㱻֮Уգۼʧ
ǡ
ŮӣĪһղ緢ĺ׺̫Ӷûôģһţоһ˼Ϊ̵ӡ
ŮӵӰ΢΢ļµĸо
Ȼˡ
Ⱥ֮УһЩϢּͨõˣڶῡ֮У׼ȷķֱŮӵӰ
Ůµ͵Ȼܶȴ֪ǣ
ٷ֮ʮɶȵļ¼ѵôһһţϵ΢΢ĳ鶯š
ԭ׺̫ӵĶĶ߶ûзҲûôעֻС֮
Ůӵĳ֣ȴ߶ݣ
ǸµŮӡۻҪ¡һ΢ɳƵߣȫڴɫĶ֮Уȫɢſֲķ򲨶Һãʮˣײ··ʥͻƽͻᱻ˰
ţ·ʮ·˲µķϱڣʮĻǿ󣬶Ӱ쵽ǡ֪һΣµŮ˻ﵽʲôɶȣֻõֽ˼ʰ
ǰ˵߸пţķҲҪۺ죡
໥۵ʱŰ籩֮УһСӣ͵ķɹ˷ĺ棬Ǿ޴ĺɫУ
йǧ˾ͬɽǰĻҳһۣǾôû֮Уûмһˮ
̤⽫·µһʡ


1672 ϵ
ĹŮһ͵ټٶȼ죬˸ûע⵽
һЩʵǿڣҶ˽ˣıӰ
˺ǡʦڵһǿߣμӹĳᣬӡΪ̡
ַĴߣ
ܶûмȴ֣ĳ»һڻֵ񻰼·
ֻôһʦҲҪ
ǵӡУս츳ǳڵźٻȥʦ
˵ľޣʦְҵ൱ʱ䣬ħֱӵȡʦļ䣬£ҲɱĵԼٶȡ
ȻΪ޷ӾЩǺˡ
ſûħôĶеʱ䶼ھϣս츳ͻķϵˡ
ںܶӡУˮƽѾǷ켫˵ûͶʱǿЦĻˡ
£˶ǱʶΪȱʱսܸߣҪȻ̫̬ˡ
ƫƫڣȻΪؾúܶ˴һ棬ǲ̫ϧˣ
Сӣִʲô¥ϣĳǵѦͷͷҲˣϼһ͵˼ޣÿеĿ쳤ëˣǵȻȻҲͿ
ͷؾЩģƼ˺ܶʥЩˣͬеٮٮߣټΣգһСȥ֮ͷɲһĺ档
٣ССһʵɲ򵥣ǲ֪ʲôΪǰײģأȻ·һЩգ֪õʲôɶȡܵٷ֮ʮĻǾͱ̬ˣ
ѦͷǷǳġ
ٷ֮ʮ湻ֹ۵ģҪܻųҾллˣ츳ãҲվԽսеţֻ˺ˣĳ¿棬һǼһҪɱ
ͷ˵оһëĳǣʦıԼǸײβʦ塣
ؾһжֻܿԼˣ
ɱɲʼҲǼţҲҪ֮һԱŸҽԭ
ϼһţͻȻ䣬Ǳ鲼صĿֲ籩֮УһϤӰ˶һ
ӰǱˣǼʥصš
ͷһۣ΢΢һ㵣û뵽ҲҪ
Сʵ򵥣⣬Ըչһɡͷţǰǵص籩ҡ

ˡ
ոһ磬ֻûһ㼦Ƥһ졪Ǿޱȵڲ
磬һɫĴУκι߿ԶŤɡ
ԱߵСħɽŵս֡
оСħ裬ԳһƣĽַѪǹģһɽ纣Χ𵴵˻㷭ӿ˼ƽ
һȻƬ硣
ಡ
ߣӶ޽콾˽ȥȿֺ
ޱȣʼߡЩ˶̲صͬۺ졣
һճǿռĿݺݳˢ塣
ÿһ·Զ޵ĳȻǿо˲Сѹ˿ͻƵ˵ڶԶ޵İٱǿȻ裬ȴû
˫̯弡⡢ֱӱǣȻƴųܸķգСħ˼ȫ籧Ӥ㣬
СħɱһůǷһ˿΢ЦȻĿǰʵӦҲ㹻ֱĸо
ٶȼ죬ȫƾǰ㣬ƴȥ
κ䵽ϣֱӱ顣
󣬻Ľµѡ
ǧ趯еĽ𵶣³ֻϹħѵӰ
ЩһӴ޼֮󣬾ȻʼƴΧһɹЩ˴֮
Ӱϵ׳󣬲ɵĹУҲ˥΢ϵ飬ֲϵ飬ɷǹ졣
ǺôܹӻסĽµ˲ˡ
ע⵽һĻͷ΢΢Ȼ֪ǧĽ𵶿϶һѵõɶע˼ۡ
ǧн𵶵ͬʱǧҲڰʵ
Ľ֮⣬зǳ֮ԭЩţڿȻƾӲٶȱŵӰӿ죬Щˡ
ʣһֱʤһ
ϾȻ˽ƾô̬Һͬˡ󻨻̧Ƥͫһ˿ɫ
Уߺ͸֪һ˵Ӫ˴˶Զ

Ȼ䵽˾ͷǴԽ˲ˮѹʱһᡣ
ǰѾһ½ء
ֻһɽ壬ؼ䣬һĹµһ޼ʡ
ÿһɽϿȥзٲޱ߱ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴһֲʵĸо
·ǰһУǼٵġ
ڸңԶĵطܿӿȣĺˮ
ƬŻȻϢ
վԭأеСħɷǰϸ۲졣
֣Щʵָоʮֵ顭ΧңǱʲôգָо૵
ڤڤУоһĪգ·𲻿֪ĵطжڿ̽
Ϊʲôߣǧ󣬾Ӹ£ʵ
ͷϵĶңͷһƬӰϡ
ĽɻҲϡ
ɱͲʦĳֹӴǲ·ɣ
һ˿·һߴʹ˲
󻨻һЦ޹ǵƮӹߵʱһƳһ˿Ū
ղչʾ˾˵󻨻֮࣬ǵʤҲ˳
ķҲ죬ɢݳ˿˿ͬ˿Ƶ̽Ѱ
Щǵضȥ
ɫ䣬󻨻춯𣺡𶯣
Ϊʱδ
˿˿Ƶɫû˷Уͬţˮʲôһ㡣
󻨻ɫһ䣬ʱԭȥտյ޿ռ䣬Ȼʲô̼
˺ѣһɹɱĺ
ֻĸ˵ӰӺһ˶һ׺֮Ϣ


1673 ɶ
ʱǰľϳʰɫʬ
ÿһʬһɱŰֲϢͫâİжһѿȥĹǵ
򵥵һնȻնˮƵıѿЯһɿռ籩󻨻ϯȥ
仯Ѹײڶ󻨻һȫɢɫһһ㣬ȫ
ϡ
ָЩ·˺صĹǵײһ𣬷죬Ľ
Ӱʱ˹ȥ¡һȭֱӺһǺͷ­ϡ
ͻƵ췣Ͷ䶼аڵ̫Ҳܹ˺ѡ
ˡ
һȭȥĿ˲Ϣ䱻ǿѹӲγ˿
ǿȥӲޱȵĹǺȻһͬ顣ǵڶȭ¡ϮͬͫİɫⶼϨ
˷Ѫǹ˲Ϣǧǹÿһǹ㹻ǳһ߹ǺֱӺ顣
ʱĽҲˣϸʮָһööεģӭ籩ǣֱӷգһŻɫ⵶ĹǺʿȫ
һͺȣηıĹ⻪·УǹǺʿնĩ
ǧӰһȰԭʧһǺʿ󣬽𵶾Ȼһ¾ҵǹǺʿ㡪ڵһĨ־
ڵϢ˲Ϣ룬־һɸɾ
ʱǺʿΪĩӭʧ
̣Ĺ
ĸǺʿһ飬ǰĿռ俪ʼ롢ѣһɹڵķɢݡ
ЩԶĳɽ壬ͬϵĺɫʧ
ΧĹһȥ
ޱߵɭʱ˷Χ£
ǽ²ŵӡ˸ͼɢŵӡ
һɭɲ
ֵطǰڶƺûоͷСħȼһ⡣
ٿȥһ·ϽЩӰɢ
˲һֻңԶȻɢɢһ߾ߵʬ
ÿһʬϵɫ󶼸һһЩǰɫʬһЩϽɫʬ
ԽǽɫʬɢݳԽǿҡ
ӦһĹΧǽڵĸּͼܿ
ղЩɽ塢ԭֻǻþ󻨻üþȴȫûҺЩɫʬսΣǿȽĻԼղžΣˡ
ΧؿԴĿռ󷨡ղţǴ󷨣͵ˣ侲жϵ
ڲ֪Ϊʲôһֲĸо
ΪһУԼ򣬶طûͨ͸ķ
Щ򣬸µ󷨽ϵһһͻд鷳
Ļһݣض壬¾ҪӱСˡ
ǰƺĸӦһϡ
󻨻ǧֿһۣȻϣǲòϡˡַʦʦȷʵкܴͬ
ǶעҵĽŲ󷨡һżϿ
һɣȻоνżеףǵʱҲûĻˡ
Χں˻þ֮һǰ·
ϾѾԽԽ䣬ܹƾܿһЩ塣
ǧҲСľܣΪغú󷽣ֻܹͨߵøԶ
Ľ±ǽܳɱ֣гһöָԣ˿˿ƵļաȻǼǿ鱦
һ˿ʼСǰǰ
һ·ϣ˵ĸ֪ǶʮֹĿռ塣
ڡһʼջ֮ȥ
֮УŸּҵѺۺѪЩѪѸɺԣѱ档
Ȼںܾõǰﲻ֪ٴμɱ
ǲ
ûǰԶǽȻһ쳣춯
ǽϣкֵͼ
ͼȫһҺ廭ɣǼɸߣͷ˫ǣǰڳ˵Ķͼ
ȻЩǻȥģǲ֪ΪʲôȴЩɺɫ˫ۣȻڿˣ̰
ֹӣ󻨻ʱѹ
΢΢ƳǰϵǶͼһۡ·ֶͨ죬ĿռʲôŹֵ鶼ܷ
˶оͼĹ졪ͼϸȥȻǻƶ
ԽԽ
˶׷׾
ۡ
ͻȻ䣬Ƕͼ汬һɹɿֲ֮ĺһֻֻĶȻ˳
ʱһɶĪѪζ
ʱ򣬴ǽϡĵĵƻСͷϡ׷׼һֻֻ˷Ľµȥһ˲ŰΧ
ԭΪֻмֻû뵽Ȼô࣬صôһ¡
ȻҲֻǾһ¶ѡ
а֮ȻڿӿһֶĶ׷׺С
ʱĽеԲҲɳһɫâ
ÿһ⣬ڿ﷢Ƶ죬Ƕ֮󣬾Ȼ˺¡ľ챬ըǹ졣
󻨻һ˦䣬һУգֱӺɨȥֻҪ·Ķ׷նΡ
һ㰲ȥǽϵĶͼͫİɫȥ
߰ɡ
ûеȴȥ
һ·ϣ˼ա֮ǰܵһӦʱѡ
ԭʤĸְϮʱΣս˲١
Щ͵ϮߵʵС˵ʵһ˵ǲûоһжѡ
ȴ֪طһЩʵһĶߵȴǳǱʤĻþ󷨸ͷʹѣ

һֻʬնɱ֮΢΢Щ飬ߵǧ󻨻ڴڴڵĴϢ
ͻٶȼ죬ԽĶҲԽԽա
ղһȫе󷨲ݵʬȺһˡ
ҿǿ󻨻Ҳ츳ܹͨڶֲ֡
˽һʬ˲١
ˡˡˡ
ͻȻ䣬·Ǻ춯˲Զ
̧ͷȥֻǸڴ£ͬȦӣǰ
˻һۣϲɸֳһ˿ϲɫһǵһͨڶڣ
˷׷˽ȥ
ȦУͬп񱩵һ˾飬ͨһӰûС
ˮʹʱ淺һĸ֪ɶȡٷ֮ʮ


1674 
ɶȰٷ֮ʮ
һˣʱĽ¡󻨻ҲȻǶյɶȵʾ
ٷ֮ʮأʵ
һ
Ľ¼˶һۣɶȣԤҪһЩϾһ·ʵûʲôΣ
ɶӦԽԽѣٷ֮ʮԺ󣬴ÿһ㣬ǳ˵ãڵɶȲʲô
߰ɡ

ڴããﴩ˳һ½̤ʵء
һɹɺХĿ磬ЯŲϢŴϵʯ׷׹
ǰֵĸԶε͸
ԶɽڵƽԼݷľޡ
ããޱߵĴɰʯأ泤׳ҰҰݣ಻ϵҰһ˶ߣֻǵļùϡϡڸ
һƬԭҰ
ǵڶ˰ɣСħɰεضڸ߿һӲ
΢΢м˭Ҳ˵տʼļ㲢ûΣա
żһ¡
֮ǰ˽⣬ܻ֮ã˸ո߹һ㣬һЩڵڶʲôδ֪罫Լ״̬ȫ
һ˵Ľµ˱㿪ʼ͵شϢ֪䣬Ѿ˶ĺһıִĿãҲϰ
˵Ϣ˲֪ãͻȻһĲҽУӻҰϱߴ
ţ
üͷһˣ
ڵһԴӴ屻͵ռ֮󣬾ͲûĶ飬ƺǱָˣǵڶãã޼ʣ˵鶼һ֮С
ҪҪȥ鿴һǲҽԴ
˶һۣԼͬĿ˼
ȥ鿴飬ܿ벻Σա
ȥСһЩ鲻Ծ̳롣̵˵
ಡ
һ㣬ǲҽķɶݡ
䣬ʮһͺͺʯɽϣӸ£ǲҽеĵطȥ
Ŀӥһ¾Ϳصһ䶴ѨǰһŵѪ
Ѫʵģδ̣֮⣬Ȼûһĺۼ
Ȼող﷢һĲҰ
ʱ򣬴Զļ򣬶ƿ
һݣԼͬϢ
һɫ󻨻УиϵϢڸǡ
Ŀɫһֵۣƺ󻨻츳ͨʮֹӣ治֪󻨻ʲô
ոʦܵĻϨһƲлصʧطѪϢҲʦܵġأѵⶴѨʲôŹ֣
ĳɶˣĸߴһ˻棬ɢһǿƣΧ£ǲѪĶѨ
һˣгһöķ
ķһ֣ɢһɹڵŨһ
ָ磬ǼһõķСħǷ´½Ƶģеķյߵ
Ŀһ¾Ϳеķ£Ȼи֡֡ȻԼַǼ䰺ǲһЦ
ַѾӵ·ϲˣ𣬵ʱûʲôս£ǿܻתһˡ
˵ܹƷַҲһǧţܹӵһŵˣһҲӦһЩλֲ
¡һ죬ķǵض֮
ֻ洫಻ıը죬Ѩ˲ϢĸҺ㡣
Ĳҽ𣬵ѨﶸȻܳ˼յûڣŴִβͣθ£òȴͬҰ޵Ⱥ
ЩȺһ֣ͷϾȻи׾˸Ƕ˻üĶȻѿһĺڹ⣬Ǽնȥ

ֳַһ˿ŭ⣬еٷһΣߵһͬס𼱣ʡã
Ѿ;ƿˣȴӵеԼ۷״̬ʱȫһĹ
ķȻҪʡٽʡŹؼʱ
¡
һ죬﷢ĺڹڵ棬˿ֲıը
ҵɽ壬ӿֵĹԽԽ࣡
ЩɢϢʥ۷壬һֻﵱȻΪ壬һӾۼϼʮֻǾͿˣ
Щĺڹ⻹ܾۼһռЧЩڹͬһž޴һ㣬ܶ޷
ŵʦ
Σյĳ棬ǰ˵ĵΣ壬Ǽʮ̣󷨸
ͬ飬ҲߣʩչĽ֮ϣ
Ȼܹˣ˽ˡ
ʱͻȻüĺХƺʲôٷлƴתͷһʱдϲʦˣ
ҲѭȥһٷǸˣʱüͷһ壬ԩ·խ˲Ǳˣ¿
ԭһ֮Ϊ󷨣ĵǶֿ͵֮УҲȷʵ˵ãͨ˵һ˵ڶ㡣
һڶ㣬ǾͿʼʩչֶΣϵͬ顣֮ǰΧеĵӣݣ¿һݵĵӡ
һ겻ɢСħĥŻƺĥܲؾ¿
ʦ֣ӴϲȻʱΧǵĹֱӷֳһӭ¿
Щǳǿң¿û֣ǾΪǿˣ

ٸ¿ٶȶʱһֱͣ˿Уʮֻüͷ壬Щԥ
ȻЩѲҲӦԡ
ڿų־ʦܻ᲻ǣԼΣϵԲðգǻѡתܡ
ʱ¿Ĵڡ
ˣϾĿ̫֮ǰʱִ٣ֻϢҲûü󷨣ֱӾͱ¿ˡ
ô㣿
֮¿㵣ȻûϵȻ
ʯ֮䣬ǶʮֻѾɵ¿಻ɵĵط
ʱ¿Ƿһ˿Ц·㲻ߣ㴳
¿˵ʮ
ȻǴ㽫Ͻһ̶ˮУ˰ֵѹ
ܵĻһЩŪŪˣʱȻܵõУȴԵõϵܡ
쵰
Сħŭˣ¿൱ķ˵ĺ󷽣˼м䣡


1675 ٻӰ
֣ĺδ갡
¿Цţһ߼һ˫ɰǧ˿ߡ
Щ˿ûʲôΨһþ谭˵жҪ
¿ֻǸʦǿսҲֵһᡣΪֻڣҲԪ¿Կ϶ô꣬ȻҪʱ䶼ͶϣսǿǾͳˣ
¿ͶģֶϿܴڵ۲ѣûܣɱҲԵõϵľ޶Ƹϡϡ
Уɱûᣬɲع˼ʦᣬҲع˼ʦ뵽¿Ѿһ˿Цݣ
ӣ
󻨻ü·ô꣬ɱˣٱơ
¿ôҪǵǹʹ
Ȼ󻨻ôЩǱ˶ãʵ
𶯣
ʱͻȻס󻨻
ΣֻҪ־ͻ뱻Ϊǲܹ˭ǣ¿ЩͻԸЩ͵¿»Ÿ¿ǹʹ
ֻҪ֣ͱȻսһƬ
ڣԽԽĹڸȻ֣Ҳһս֮УΣķμνսǣ̫֮࣬ٵоΣˡ
ֹӣ󻨻üͷһۿ¿ѾŶʮֻڵɱԼԴˣ

̤ǰһվ󻨻ǰֽóһķķ½ǣһ֡ԣ
뿪ĳǺֽоãڼ䣬˴ķΪ׼
ķΪϲ񷡱ƷƷ⣬ͬǸĽķֻʹһΣ
ֻһεķȫһԱ
ķһ˲䣬޷·ɢ鲼ߣ
һʱ䣬ռ·˺ѿ󻨻Ľµˣһ˲ȿռĸܣ
ǡ
󻨻Ľµ˶Ǵһתͷ˼Ŀ
һ֣
˺ŤĿռԳһ磬һԪͬʱҲõķܣ
ȻһżƷȺķ
һɲǣ¿Ŀԭߵ˾ôƾʧˣ
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ͶǰĿռ֮Уް취
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С
¿ƿڴֻսãȴֲսȱݣýֺͷҲ֪ȻЯ˴ķЩķø죬
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һ뵽һʵԶԼˣȴƾ費ҪǮƵĺķñ˸û취ʱ¿͸еޱȵı
Ǵʱ˿̣¿ѾϾЩ߰ˣΪ׷ĶʮֻޣѾΧˣ

¿ΪŭɫѾЩˣǰô׾ܽ˵ģ
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ҲùҲ⣡
¿ȷʵʵ˵ãڹΧ֮£Ҳͻҳ壬ϵǶڵķڹߡ
ֻʹһεĸĽ桰ϲ񷡱ô׾ƽģ
Щֻǿ󣬶Էⲻ
áϲ񷡱̺Ŀռ䷨ŤĿռ䣬Щڹߡƹλá
濴ͺλһˮ棬䵽ͷ䣬û˵ǰ㡣
ָ磬Сħɱĸ첲
˵ʵǿ󣬵ΪԶԼվվУʵ졣
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СеͰ
󻨻̾ĽҲһĿ̺һ˿ɫʡ
Ȼȴ΢΢ҡͷ˵ķףҵʱʱ϶ޣܹҲ˼ţһžһţҡЩڹҲڲϵķôȥ໹֧һʱ䡭
Į˿ûΪԼʩչֶζ¶κԵ֮ɫĿУ¶ɱɱȻ¿ģ
ˣԭͺܷУҪЩɱԼǼɱ⣡
ֹѵ롭һֱĬԵǧͻȻˣĲ뷨
ˣ׼һʱһһ֣նɱǸ¿ʵ֮ͨٽһˣǲҪκ֮ģ
Ľļͬ飬ͨеٮٮߣ¿ΪĵӣûһЩֶΣҪһס
ĬĬԼֽ䣬ֽ֮УйԵķڸϲ񷻤ѵһ˲䣬Լȫ֣ķĹ
ʶֶΣŴʱĿͬһ㶢󻨻Īһ
֣֮ǰѾ㹻߹ˣûܿˣΪУһΪµ顣
ʱȥˡ
¿ȫȾѪԽսԽݣʵ˵ãһ˾ɱʮΪϵ¹¿ԵĹһֻû١

¿ɫԽԽѿµоԼѾɱЩһ鲼ĺڹУҪҲôףøһЩˣ
ҪôȼһЩѪҪôͶʦŸԼıơ
뵽Ҫһŵƣ¿һ鴤һŵƣÿһŶ˴Ź׶ȲŶһģΪĵڶһţܲʹ
бŭ˫ĿЩȫת޵ϣƶˣԹԵĸԼǹʹĻⲽأ
¿ҧ׼óһŵƵʱͻȻ䣬һƬҰֳɱ¾Ѫأ
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ޱȣƫƫͬ棬̺Ų
֮Ͽʼѿı÷ѩһʱ䣬ƬնһƬĺ֮У
ЩԭĹͻȻЩҫ˲һžʧȥ˽˳
ʮֻȫ˱Ǳһ㣬Ȼڵأ·ĤԼͼڡ
⡭ʲôֶΣ
ķĻ֮УĪ˵ֱʩչֶΣЩɱĻ⡣
ƫƫȻܸЩʧȥʼĤ
ַδţ
ĪǡֶΣ
ͻȻһΪľ֪ߣǿ󵽼Ϊֲľ֮󣬾Ϳٵ˵ֱӿǣ־ߣ񣬳Ϊܶ
ֶΣѵ
һݣԺУһŮӵӰ
ʱ֪ῡܳĺɫ֮УֻŮӵӰ˼Ϊ̵ӡ
Ȼ͵ޱȣֻǾһƳ̫ӻʵ״ӺףǴĸоŮӵİٷ֮һ
ֻһɲǣĲ͵õ֤
ֻңԶߣһŮһϮȹ̤
һĲУʼնʣòС
ȸڷ٣ǰӯضʥϣγķ
ʱ¿ҲŮӣʱϲ

ʵʥ㲻ѣϽݵ¿ʥʲʲôϵ
ʥ־¿ˣҲֻΪǷһˡ
ƮݣԭߣֻǼ̤ǰ貨һ㣬ƮȻء


1676 ֮
ҫĴģصı÷
ʥһѩϣģͬһֻһվţӯ·ûκ

ϲ¿æһ֮ɫ
ʥǺε۶Ҫ˵Ǹƽƽ
¿ڻʥǰֻСһֻܹʥȣ¿ܳ
ʥûп¿ǵĿһڵķ
Ťռ֮е΢΢üŮ˼ȿ£ʵǣԼˣĶ֡
΢΢ˡϲ񷡱ķܣµŮ˵㻤ܸһֽҲûʲô
ʥӣܵһѹ
Ů˵ʵ壡
ʥĿһۣһ˫̵У¶һɫʡ
㡭ʲô֣
ʥȻ֣һݣҪ֪ڲμῡУͲۣ˵μĳһЩˣʦţû˻ע
̫ӡ״Ӻײǡ
ǣҲʥ
£ʥȻ֣ͬϵһоĴ
һѹе˼ɫĵ
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ʥ˵ţһЦǴ͵ЦݣЦУȴ
ʥصʣ
ѵǡħ
ȻǵãԼڶμʱ˵һżʥ䡷мħƺħǡ֮ʯ
ղʥеġʥ䡱ųɾŵĿܾᵽġʥ䡷νʥصʣѵħйأ
һɲǼ䣬Ѿ߳亹
ҵǣǰµŮˣҲ˿ûвħԼ硣
ֻΪӵħ̫ãǱĬܵħӰ죬ʥΪ꣬Щ񡶻ʥ䡷صʡ
꣬Ϊ֮꣬ϡ٣ֱ޷ݣ
ȶԣСħְ֮嶼ʲôˣȻϡУһʮһεҲ֣ǡʥ䡷ص֮꣬ʮδٶδй
ʶʥҲֻһ˵Բţһ࣬ӵлֻڴ˵УѾ˰֮ꡣ
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¿ȴ֪ʥаǣƽδչӣ˵ǻһеˣ
ܳΪʥͽܣ¿۵һԪĸԸԴ֮󣬶¿Լˡûж࿴һۣǸһˡ˵˺ü仰¿еȻˬ
ֻһ࣬ƾʲô
ʥԣʲô壿
¿ƵʱʼնԭأĲѾ͵㣬ʱ̱ʮ־裬ͬʱȴάű糣ı顣
ʱʥתƺҪȥˡ
꣬аͲµŮ˲ʧ
ʱ¿ȴסʥ

¿˵һְ̳һɱˡ
ʲô¡
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ʥü΢òҰ㱨˽𣿡
ʥһ۾Ϳ¿Թ
ûûУ¿æϣʲôʥһѾллˣʥһĶǣôʸʥְԼ˽
˵ϵջʥ¿ѹͲ֪ϵûܡ
ֻǾᣬķ뻯ϳô£¿Լ˵塣
˵·ļֵķ޶ƸǲƸʥһλʲôأ
ƺϣûʥĵط
¿ʱʥѾƮȻȥˣ¿ĿʥѾʧıӰɫѿ
Ҳ
¿һˣһˡ
˫Ŀڿн㣬ŷ˼ҵĻ𻨺ɱ
ǶҪԷɱ
ʱû취͵Ϯ£Լжջɱ¿¿ѻ᲻Ҫǣ֪ʥ̬ȣ׻᲻ᱣӣ
ּɵûг֡
¿ɵϲŵķļѡ
С֣ˣ¿Ц˵ΪмķͿ޼ɵˣʡŵãķˣʱɱһһֻûʲô𣡡
ǲ·ͷ֪˭û˩ãųˡΪһҪйľΪ˭ղǻ֣ˡСħɴͲǿϳԿ¿ԡ
٣СƤŮ˰ɣҺܿͻѡһˣǸʱ򡭡Ҳ˵
¿˵ţЦһתȥ
ĵӣæȥСĳˡ
ۿżҪ߳ҰĽԼĽ棬üôˣ
ֻһΡɫĮѾ¿˱ɱڣ̬ȲĻǰȴ޷֡

˸ղŵɱССĽ
ЩĹܱܿͱܿսʵڲвŶ֡
ǲϵĿԭԽڶ㣬ҵԽŨ
޾ԶϡԿ޴Ľų֣ɽһ޼
һĵķģǽɢݳޱȵĺƴء
ȲͣɢâĴţĽ۾˸һ˿
֮š֮ǰҹ鱨ͨڣڶ㵽ķ֮ţǳر𡭡
Ŷر𣿡һͣ½Ųʵ
ǰ֮ⷨſʼͬĲཫᱻǿ˻ǿõɶȣҲõĽˣᱻֱ̭
Ľ˵ţһ˿ڴͲ֪Լ츳߹֮ŻǺ龰


1677 Ѷɶ
֮ǰʱΧǿϢҲԽԽ࣬ǴӵһɢڵڶǿߣҲʼ֮Żۡ
ЩˣǸľӢһ͵ڶļɱ֮Ĳֻ࣬һЩΧеˡ
Ǹһʲô̫ţ
ٽ֮ǰСħͻȻ˵תͷȥֻ£ͷǹڵŮһͷڣɢˣվɽ޴ͷ­ϣҡͷβڴѳ֡
緢ȺӢ
Ȼ̫ӣ
̫ӣȻҲͿ¿
ʱ¿̫շУʼչһֵЦݣӸ¿ңԶǰˡ
ӣ̤޴ͷ­ϣ̫ӵԼޣʮָ߰˳
ȻޣҲй޵Ѫͳ˵㣬ͷǣͿԻȻҪһǧѣҿԼ͡
ʱֻһ߿ڷϯƵĻ棬һֻ;޴ڷ˵Ļ᳤գֻɹ֮ʱǵصһӣùļ¡
񱳼ϣȻһɫצ۵ӣʵ״Ӻס
̫ӡףЩĵһӶˡ
ףٶȵǿ죬һΪ˵ãΧһûء
׳֣̫䳰ȷ
̫ӵµˣһ·ǱŵùǺأòײŽһˣıȵ̫ӵ˫ž͹˰ɣôη֮ţ˫̫ӵǲҪսһ켶Ѷأ׵ĻƹάֻҪɵŨŨζ
̫ⷬ΢΢ü
֪׵Ļصһ䣬Ǽս֮ŵ켶Ѷȣ
ķ֮żΪ⣬֮ǰе߶һ𣬿ӹأǷ֮Уÿ˶ֿѶѡ
ѡʲôѶȣֻҪ֮ͨŶԴﵽ㡣
ͬǣѡķ֮ѶԽôԽߣ֮ͨ󣬻õɶҲԽߡ
ȻӦģԽ
ÿһѶȣӦɣɣǿͨʧĸΣ
ɣȻߣɶҲߣ
ɣɶȶҪۡ
ǿͨǸûнɶҲܹͣƽִ㡣
ʧǾͲ˵ˣĽֱڷ֮У
켶ѶȣǷ֮Ѷȼߵһѡ
Թ֪콾Ǹѡ켶Ѷȵļ٣
ҾѡˣҲû˵˭ɵģһѾǾ˽ܣӦ˵ܹͨѾǳ˲ˣ
̫Ȼ߰Ҳ֪֮Լѡ켶Ѷȣǿͨɺһ֡
Ȼִܹ㣬ɶ̫ͣõĽҲ٣Ҫðźܴգô޴飬ôȥ
˼ʵǲ⣬ֲ̫ɵӣôϵ
Цŷ»֪֮ս켶ѶȣûǸ£ǵؼѶһǿģǺո˵һǳ켶Ѷȥİɣ
̫ӵܴڷ֮ǰۼĸĵӺܶ࣬һ˵˶
֪׺̫֮жԼģڷ֮ǰҲԣ
ٺ٣˼Ĵˣ뼤Է켶Ѷȵķ֮š
ڲԶܶڿ֡
ҲˣˣƤӣԷ°ˣҲ֪ԷЧ˵ʵμӵؼɰɣ켶Ѷȣ˰ɣ
ţЩҲĶС
ղЩ˵ۣټĽµĽ⣬ѾԷ֮иԵʶˡ
ѡ֮ŵѶȣѡԼɵģջʵڲУɾųҲǿԵġ
ţͻȻŲһ٣һ󷢺
ھ޴ķ֮ǰһŮվ壬ƺΧĻΪһ壬ԲĴڡ
ȷžڸղһ̣Ůӻδ֣ڣȴƾճ·˲һ㡣

Ůӳ֣̫ӼæڵǰŮǰĸ߰һĲֵǿ۶Ůӵ̬ȡ
ʥĿ̫һۣ΢΢ͷ
֮ǰŵĺףʥ֮һǰԶԶĿţЩζ
ʮ죬ʥڿսأԼΪ·ʥ壬Ȼ˵ᱻǣȥܹʥǲʲôӡ󣬻ǶԶһΪ
Ů˭ô̫Ӷӣ
Ϊʥ֮ǰµ͵ܶ߸ϵʥȻ̫ӶҪʥ񣬶ʱЩ㶡
㶼֪ѵû˵ǰһֻ£ۣǱϳˣǰŮӣ˵⼸ۼ𱰣ƺһ¼ɶȵıߣ
ʲôɶȵļ¼ߣǴﵽٷ֮ʮɶȵǸŮӣ⡭ֱѾ˰ٷ֮ʮΪʲôҪһ·ⲻ˷ʸô
ܶ˲ʵ·ʵ̫ˣʥ˺ܴ䶯Ҳû˵Ϣ
ٺ٣⻹ô֮ǰ˵صһЦһ΢΢㤵˵ȻȻΪٷ֮ʮļˣ˵ػŮӹ⣬츳ԽԽǿѾҵȵˣ
ʲôȻⷬܶٷ֮ʮǼޣ
Ҫʲô̶ȣ
˵ʲô츳ԽԽǿĹǸδţ
ֹ
ֻ˵ѣŮӵΪʮģ˿ڣҲ˿ֻͨƺΪʱ̶ڱ仯Կ϶һǣǽǣڸվһʵУǶϰˣ
˵˵ﳤ̾һЩ˶֮ӣƽʱڸǷȴֱ˵ϣеȻˡ
ǱóʵŮܸ۲𱰵ۿܣЩˣ޼ѾĪҫеĲ֪
ЩߵۣĶУ΢΢ڶŮһЩ
·ʱ򣬾һ˰ٷ֮ʮɶȵˡ컯ʥӺͻŮӡ
ԭΪ컯ʥӺͻŮӶǸһڵš
ڿԼʵˣŮӲһСǻĴ


1678 ֮ſ
󡭡Ȼʮ죬Ȼ֪ʥսµˡ
ʮʥս£ϢϢء
˵ĵ˾ѣⷽ˵ʮ嵹ûͻ
ֻʮ̫أƺ֮䣬Ҳſռϱڣʮ˽ǳޡ
ͷԺʱͻȻһ𣺡ֹӣΥˡ
ЩϤһתͷȥֻʮ֮⣬վһͤͤŮӡ
ŮòԼķһװμΪţһۣǸһֹŵ˵ĸо
Ůӣţ
ʮǰźܴĲͬ
ǸʱԸ欣ذ¶һ
ڵţȴǺױع£Źһ㡣
Сħ΢ţ·ϲˡ
ɶãôƯȻһЦһʱַ顣
ŽƯСħ˵СӨţԴϴ֮ŵĹϵĪľͺ쿴ţСħԵϲ
߹ŵŮӣ˻Ůˣᱧ͵̬ȥġ
þòû뵽ʱ˿̵ţв֪ʲôоָָߵĽµˣܵС㣬ҵͬ飬һμġ
ţҪ˵Щʲôʱ֮ͻȻâʢ
һĿ֮Ͷȥ֮Ӵķ֮ţ¡¡ض֮һɹɿۻϢͬٲһк
ˣ֮ⷨŶܵ˼ѹһͬʱھѹЩ˶֮ӣҲеԳܣ
¡¡
ͬǧըһľ죬ڱյľ޴ȣ
֮ţˣ
֮ſһɲǣһ޼̺ŲԹ֮Ĵ֮߶ԡɴ֮Уһʱ䣬˶о𣬷·ඥ
ǻʥѾһδ֮ϴҲ̾ĸƺҪв򵽸ķ֮
޹Ϊ֮š
Ϣ𺳣ָо߶ɾɵʱ콵ƬӡߵĹѪ֮С
Ȼ̺֮ʵ̫ټʱ伫Ϊݣڳܲ򵽵ģ֮һûС
ҲֻǽԼġ顷ɴ֮ӡ֤δüͻƣ֮Ѿʧˡ
ϧ
ҡͷܶԼһͺˡ
ߣҲ׷۾ģвĶ̺֮࣬ķв˸ޱȵʮ
ʲô壬ʲôڷ֮еĴ֮Уܻջ
ʱ֮ѾȫǷ׷֮пȥֻ֮ڣһƬ޾ǿգǿ֮ϣĸŵʱ֮ţ
ĸʱ֮ȫ״޾ԪУתţصĺڶ塣
ĸʱ֮ҲкܴĲͬңʱ֮ԽԽСߵʱ֮ŷԲͬһž޴ǳɫֻҰɫұߵʱ֮ţֻʮ﷽Բɫȴİɫתİ죬ľĪһֿ־֮С
ʱ֮š
ǸСʱ֮ţĸеԽСʱ֮ţϢȴԽǿֲ
еߣվĸ޴ʱ֮ŵǰ棬Źغδǰ;ľ
ԽСʱ֮ţѶȾԽ󣡡
ܶ˽£˵
ֲұߵʱ֮¶Ϣֲˣ·ʲôµ̫һ̫Ӻͺ׿˵ġ켶Ѷȡɣ
ܶ˶̫Ӻͺ׵Ĵǹս̫Ӻͺ׶ѡ켶ѶȣǵȻˣؼĶЩ
ǵġ
ʱ򣬺׿ˣ˵䣬Ƴһۻʥû˵켶Ѷȣұڶʱ֮ţұǵؼѶȣߵһҲʱ֮ţ򵥵˼Ѷȡ
ӵʮϸϣ֮ǰЩ϶оļΪ͸ˣԷ֮ŵĸڣָơ
ʲô켶ѶȻѵģұߵǸɫʱ֮š
ܶд󾪣ǵĿ⣬׷ͶұǸСʱ֮ϣֻǿľ궼Ҫսȥĸо޷ʱֱӡ
Ǹʱ֮Ѷȡ
ҡͷп켶ѶȻѣԹž˽ܣѡһ£õٷ֮ʮϵɶȣҪѡ켶Ѷȵʱ֮ˡ
Ѷȣȴǽ·áޡĶʮֿ£
Ѷȡ
ܶῡһڿˮһʱͷɣ֪˵ʲôá
ܶĵĿʥţʥǲôһֿܣȥսѶأ
ȥܱˣǸϽѡԼҪѶȣվʱ֮ǰٹһᣬʱ֮žͻʱУɽȥʱÿ˶֮УһжҪԼˣָˣ
Ǽʦһţֵ˵ţһ˵ţ۽Ƴһ̫ӡ
ֻ̫Ѿվʱ֮šҲǵؼѶȵʱ֮Ÿǰˡ
ЦһҲ˹ȥ
˸̫Ӻͺѡ˵ؼѶȵʱ֮š
󻨻˸ָ˵ϵܣȹȥˣҸоؼѶȵŶ˵㿿ףҪҪһ𣬻ǡ
󻨻˵ţ켶Ѷȵʱ֮ţǵʱ֮ǰһˣ󻨻츳Ϊڣѡ켶ѶȵĻȻ˵㣬δһս
Ҫ֪֮ⷨһҪɣɺһ֣ܰȫˡ
󻨻ѡؼѶȵʱ֮ţҲû㽫ɶŪһģҸо츳̫Ӻͺף˵㡣
ֻЦЦûлش
󻨻϶ûǺã˵Уһˡ
󻨻˵ţվ˵ؼʱ֮ǰ
Ľºǧһۣ󣬱󻨻˹ȥ
ǱϾ󻨻ӵд֮壬츳棬󻨻һ˿ѡͼ˼ʱ֮ţҲġ
ֹӣܱ֤ɻúô󣬲Ҫǿ֮ǰ˵
ʵŴδֱ֣һһʦʵˡ
ţлл
һЦĿվ˵ؼʱ֮ǰ
ԽԽѡ񣬴ϣ˼ʱ֮ռɣؼʱ֮ռĳɡ
켶ʱ֮ǰտҲ
ʱδѡģʣȼˣоͰСħɣлʥ
˵Ŀ⣬ڻʥϣſʥѡ


1679 ѡ
ʥǴ˴ǿߣǶ֪ʥѡʲôѶȡ
ʥɫȻŲ΢ͬӯɫһƮ
ѡķ򣬺Ȼڶ켶ʱ֮ţ
켶ѡ켶Ѷȣܶ߾̾˵
٣Ի˵켶ʱ֮ʲôһѡѾ켶ˣѡ켶ɵġ
켶ѶɣںܶѾˣ
ʱ˲඼ѡˣδѡľСħˡ
Щ̫Ѩ
뷨ǣȵ˽ʱ֮źѡѡʲôѡʲô˵Ĺע
ƫƫʱ֮һ𷢶˶ȥһͲòĿ֮ѡˡ
СħһۣСħɵָ磬Ѿѡˡ
š
ͷʵʱ򣬹ע˲ࡣǶֻǹעʥҪʥѡû
Ȼע˻еģ¿
վ̫ӵ󣬿˶ӣûжֵĻᣬȵ˵㣬һúд
¿û뵽ڶٳûѡ񣬶վĸʱ֮ǰ鲻ǰ
ƺٳ޷ѡԭˡ
Ϊսǿǿķ֮ⷨУûʲôã
뵽¿Ƿһ˿Цݡ
Сɵô֮ⷨпߵ츳ﶼ𲻵ʲôõģЩķͱָˣٴҲǷֽһѣҵϣܻųҲɱ㣬õϵı
¿Ц
ĮĿ¿һۣƸ֮¿һ㣬Ǿڷ֮Уﲻá
ϸҲ֮УõĻ𲻵츳Чˡ
ۿŷ֮ƺʱѾˣҡҡͷˣ˵ɰ׳Ҳνˡ
ϵԼѡ֮󣬻ᱻΪǷӺɵƣʵϣǲɱ顭
Сħɱӣӯͬһ㣬Ʋ죬תۼ䣬ѾߵԼѡʱ֮ǰ
ѡ켶Ѷȣʥվһ
һʱ䣬ʥҲǲСħһۡ
һʮŮӣʥվһһĻʵ̫ˡ
ԭЩֵȺһʱ䰲Ⱥ󷢾յ쳣ܿҵ˵쳣ĸԴ׷Сħɿ
һһ¶Сħɣ켶Ѷ֮ǰԴЩ߶ʱɴ۾
Ůʲô·Ȼѡ켶Ѷȣ
ȺеѾסС죬һֱСħɵСȻܸоСħ츳һ㣬Ҳôû뵽СħɾȻźѡ켶Ѷȣ
ǻӦʱ򣬸һĻˣ
Ƿ֣һӣͥŲ߹켶Ѷȣұߵһʱ֮ţҲѶȵʱ֮ȥ
ʼע¿ԭζЦѾ̣ŵĿѶȵʱ֮ԽԽѾĿɿڴˣ
ʲô¿ɴ۾Сӣ˲ɣ
ѵ϶Լأƹˤ
ѽ¿Ҳ֪ٶȣʵǺܿˣʵսһ㣬֮ͨͼѶҲûκ⡣
οͨɸҪȵĵ㲢ѡ
¿˼ʱѾһվѶȵʱ֮ǰˡ
ټʱ֮ţֻһˣʵ̫Ŀˡ
ߣǳͣУǷˣ

һֱ߿һ۵ҲסĽ¶ӣĽҲûϵֱôŵѡ
ˣǿһĿôð˵ɵӣ
ǡʦ
ῡ֮УҲμ˵ʱĳᣬһϳ
·Ҳǿһˡ
һַв֪ǻַء
ַߣǸʦôô
ǶоԼӲˡ
ʦμҲûʲôؼμҲͰˣѡ˺üûѡѶȣⲻ˸о񾭴ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ⷨУΣյģ
˶µʱ򣬻ʥֻǾĿЩߵۣʥ˶УҲ֪ˣƺһ򵥵
ֻ޼ѶȣԼ޷ɣţһС츳ϳԽ
ȷ޼Ѷʲôô
ʥ촽һ䣬ȰοĻ˵Сʲôѡʥÿ˵ʲôģʥЩرôһ䣬ȻҲֻһˣģҲٶ˵ʲô
ôͶĿ⣬ʥѯʣֻ͵治ӭôע
شллˣȻ⼸꣬ûѡѶȣ˭Ҳ˵Ѷȵʲôɣ˵ˡһʱ֮ţƺжɶȡҪɣֻҪǿͨˡ
ƽĶۣҲұ֤Ѷȵ׻ʲô龰
̵һԶͬ˵ս⡣
뵱꣬컯ʥѡľ켶Ѷȣ˰ٷ֮ʮһ
ôΪԼٳһѶҲ޷ɣ
һ˵Ѷ̫̬ôԼҲǾԿġ
ۺ֣ȻѡѶȡ
ȻĻʥУȴȫʢȰζֻҡͷٶˡ
ʥ֮ˣǿĿⶼǿɵƺͿһ
ܲμ˶˽ܣͻȻͳһӣҲܲţ־ͺá
ôԸڷ֮ô¿Цſ
ĿϢȻʱĽºŹеԪʱѡ˵̫ˡ
Щͷۣͼ䣬ʱǾ޴ޱȵķ֮ͻȻ¡¡
ŷ֮ŵĸʱͨʼת
鲼뷨֮ȫϯȥγ˾޴ԪУ
֮У˷׷׸еһɿֲԼϣǽǿߣҲͬеҶ޷Լ塣
Щ˷˾˲㱻˶Ӧʱ֮ͨУʧ
ÿµشƣΥ桭
ڱ͵ϯʱصۼǰѪʱͨԽԽͬͶˮеʯһ㣬ٿûʱ֮ͨУûмκ


1680 Ѷ
ھǿҵĿռŤֻ֮һԭǰİɫʧˣһƬĵĹŵء
վĵطһ϶͵£ǰģһխĿջš
ջֻһɶջ֮£ƺɴĹȣͷӣһϵϢĹ֮´·׹ĹУ׹뵽Ĺȥһ㣡
ǰϰټ
неǹذס󴸡ޡơߵȵȵȵȣνֱһӦȫ
ͬһıͱǹҲӲǹǹǹìǹȵȣֻҪ뵽ıûҲġ
Що˲²⣬һģֵֽ䣬֪̽УȻֽ䱻ˡ
ﶼʹá
ֻѡ׼õıȫƾ£֮ⷨţ
Ŀһɨ֮һ˾ų߳ǹһµĲÿ죡
ǹ֪ʲôϴģƲĺõզ࣬ɣƾǹĲϣǿԴ鱦ġ
еǹȴ鱦ǣֻһͨǹȻ۵ԡָС̶ȶ޿ޣǹȴûƿκ󷨣һǹĲܶߵʵκֻһѡ
ֱǱˡ
ȻУȴеսⱻǵڽ֮ǰ˵ߵۺ츳Ǿʵ
ӽڣĶ޲Σգһ壬ЩЩʵǿȻɹأʵĻѾʬ޴ˡ
һΣ֮ţʱǿ츳ʱˣҲֻʱ򣬲ࡣ
̤ջţһʱ䣬ʱܵ˿µѹ
ѹͷ·ǰԶһͷޣ
ʵģѹ֮£ͻʮսӲһʼˡ
һСǰûκε˳֣ѹԽԽֲ
ϵĵԼĺھƽ͵״̬
һ׵Ԩ֮ϣԨ֮µĿϢϯԣĳһʱ̣ͻȻתͷһȴԼѾ߳ȥԶˡ
Զ龰ȴһԭԼһʼվĵطȻ£һ޴ĵܣ
̵ܵһ޴ս񣬶ڵλãҲֻܿͬɽһľ޴ͷ­֣Ƶ֮У
ޡ
ĪģԺðۣ֪ΪΣо̵ܵģޡ
Ӵƥĵÿһաתʣ·˵ǿ־̺ĪĶ
ǵߵʤ
涸Ȼӿһɺ׳־·˵ƾһ֮ʮ֮⿪ٳһ
ȴҲȾҲͬ·һԼ磬Լķ߳Լ֮·
һһջǰ̤
Ȼ䣬ոˮƵŤ𡪡
һ·𴩹Զ³ӣɴŰɱ¾־ӿ
һ޴ѩӰǰ˫ͫ޾ɱ⣬Ȼһͷ׻
һ춯˺ѣһצɽؼ䣬һıơ
ӽյȸޣǳڵϣŨϢޣ׷׳֡
޴
ѹֻ˵ѹأȻ޴ѹķ
Ϲޣԭطܻÿһ޶Ĵ淨֮һһǿıԴ
޴ֻ֣ͷѹһصĴɽȫƤ϶̼һ㼦Ƥ
ҪջţȻҪѹ޴󡭡
˼תȫս̼Ũҡ
һ̤ǰֲѹͬˮһкѹȫ죬
ÿֲ󷨣󷨵ǸߵĹ˲𵽼츳Ч
ΪԼų̶ѾƽʮļˣǼˣ޴Ҳٲά衣
ɴ˿ɼ޼֮ŵѶȣ
а֮
һһ޴а֮Ӱֳа֮ϣ׻֮ž죡
а֮ļӳ£ȻǰȻѹȴԾԽԽֲ
㿪а֮ҲΪ̵ĸо
ϸ
ȫⱬ죬ǹƾճ֣ͬӴ䣬ԡ壬
ھ޴֧֮£һһϵ޴
ȫⶼڱ죬飬Ѫܱ
ͻȻ䣬һ춯ص˻ǰ׻ͻȻХ
һˣѪϣȥ
ջϵд󾪣ٷˣȻ˵ĹУȴֲСһ˲䣬ԺﶸȻƷ캧ˣֻԼ˲Ϣһɱ
һ߾ӴСɽħʬĴϸࡣ
Ũҵ˥ܵϢ
һֻ޴İ׻ޣبؼ䣬Ѫɫͫ
ͬʵʻɱ·ѡ
ɱɱɱ
Լǿɱ
ɱȾ
ɱɱѪ·ɱͻȻ䣬Ũҵɱͷӿȫڿɱ⵱С
һʱ䣬ʧȥ˿ƣջ̤ȥ
Ҫ̤޾ԨڤڤУ棬ͻȻǻԳ֣
Уġ
Щģͻ췣ʱ򣬱ǿ췣ͼЩĴǹںϽĹѪС
ؼʱ̣ЩͻȻӦ
һЩһâ¡ը졣
ȻһȻԼһĪɱΧƣͷ
׻޵Ĺһƻ꣬׻ɱɱɱƣͻΪججɱֿܡ
ѹɻҵް׻ɱ֮ղûڵ췣磬ԼɱѣΣˡ
ȻǴ׼֮أ
ĸе̤֮ⷨźսʵʻԪƴɱҲ漰־򡢾ĶԵУдջͬǲա
һгǹһ
Ե䡪ˣ
ÿһǹ˺գŰڽĿǳܻ顣
Ӵ˲Ϣһ˻УѸ
޾ľȻŨһ㣬ⲻ֪سǹһƵ¡
·ȫ̫ըâҫۡ
¡¡
ֳֳǹǺبڴϵİ׻Ӱȥ
׻Ӱޣֻ޴һϢѡ
ǡ
ǰ׻˲Ϣ䱻˾޴˿ڣȻһ鱻ӡˡɱֵ
ǿް׻ӰҲһ


1681 ջ
ش׻ӰһɲǣʶУȻһѪɫϢ
ϢһںϽĹѪʶ
ǡжȻһ˵׻Ӱʱ򣬰׻Ӱ̺뷨֮壬
ƺ֮֮ⷨеɱ¾ԭҲζһԵ
˵ԺúôһԼһЩĸ򡭡ޱԴѵõĻᡭ
룬侲ջȴʯһ̣ǰľ޴һ˹һɱϢȻ
֮ʱΧĳƺãã󺣣צһ
ԽսԽ£ȫ˫뿪а֮תɿ͵ӳ֮£ͬһͷ̫һ˳ıϣ
ڽĿֲȻһ嵹ɶһ̤ǰ׷ᣡ
ڵԣΪǣǿĹֶΣԪϵ֮ȶҪ˲١
һһǹƴ磬ͬɽ赲
µһĹ֮·ȻϾֻ޵ӰѣܲסĿֲ
һʱ䣬۱飬Ѫ
һ¾
ˣ޴ȥʣµĲȱ󣬶в͸СˣԽսԽ£ܿ콫еޣɱ
еޣȫȾѪ˫ۣ΢ĲţǼս֮͸֧ҲΪս֮˷ܣ
һƽ궯Ѫʱջµѹת˿ûΪƿ޴ɢң
ֲѹһ˶Ժ˵Ｄսˡ
ѹұӦ֮ⷨеѹ˵һֱҵܲסܡ
ţȻ͵
ʱո˺޴󣬶޴֮ķϢе޴֮ͬ
ƿ֮ЩޱԴȫɢǲ޷Ĵʱ
Щ޶س֮ƿ̴ģޱȡ
ʼһӦջ֮ϵĿֲѹһ޷֮
֮ţȻԡ򡱶ô²⣬򡱱Ƿ֮Žһˣ
һ˽뷨ź˭뾡ͨأõɶȡû裬Ȼѹֲջţĵط
ȻôҲǽǿʵԼ·ϡ
Ҳĵڡ
ݼŵһڱ紵ŵջϣһҹ
ʼգջ֮ϵѹδɢѹȴԽԽӦƺѹ֮£ȫĽ⡢ѪõڷǱĬı仯
ѹȻͻжԿȫϸҹʱ䣬ֿѹϸõͬʱҲԽԽӦ֮еĿֲѹľҲһֱ׳š
ģȫһʵʵС
ڣͻȻ˫Ŀͫϵ˸Ʒ·ĳ
ȻһԾջϵĹϣѹصӴƣȻͬˮһƿ̤ջţȫٱϮ
ڿֲѹ֮±Ϯܵѹ
Ȼ˫صȴ֧ŵסܿ죬ãã޼ʵջʧѴһ
ǰһƬããĹ⡣
Կϣһããޱ߼ʣԹۻĹŴ½
¡¡ķͬ׹ķ
һɲçϢϵĴǿŴ½к¡
磬·˵ľĴÿһ⡣
뵽ǰεض޷˵ƬŴ½
顪
֮ϵĹŴ½̤ʵأ΢΢һ㡣
еĲһŴ½ǰ棬ȻããģһȵĻƽš
ɽ۾߼ʡֻܹо洫ۻޱȣ·Ӵѹ
ÿһȴϢϹĺÿһë׶оΣգս
澿ʲô
Դ˿üʯ־ȴҲǴĶо𾪡ƽʱֻ𼶱ǿɢϢŻصѹ
ʱÿһȻƽŵУͻȻɹâ
ǱĴоÿһƽâڽȫһ顣
ǸӤ¶һƬ޾ĻƽâС
ǻƽŵɫȻȥʼһƬɫ
ͬʱ洫ǿΣϢʱһЩ仯ùţһȴź¡һɹɵĺϢ
֪ſ¾ڶаԾ裬С˽ȥ

ıѩЯ͸ǵĺ䣬˷ϯ
գǲǦңѻڸ߿С
ľͬ޾ɽһƬѩС
ͻ˵ǵĵڶ췣֮Ǻεȵǿ¹ȥʮûܹȼࡣ
Ͷ䣬ܹСǡ
ɾȻܹоǺ·ڴ͸ƤĤѪ͸
ͻȻ䣬ǰǧ״Ρɽʼѡֽ⣬һɸӱϢǱɽӿ
һɹɱϢǰɫˣӿ
֪
ʱĵ㣬Ѿͨ˷֮š
ʼ֮ͨŵģЩѡѶȵߡ
ǵкֻܶһʱ䣬˷֮ţ˳㡭


1682 
ͨˣ㣬ǵˣ
һ֮ͨŵ߿Ѿ˵㣬ʱϲ
Ҳ
֪ѡؼѶˣҲܹ
һЩῡŵĽţѡѶȵߣǵ֮ǰǶΪ˼̫࣬ûѡѶȵģͨȴ֪ӦԸѶȵ뷨ˡ
һ˷ܵţһ߲鿴һǶ
㣬ֻһƬ򵥵İããأƬһ޼ʣƺûκرģҲΣյӡ
ƬɫصϿգȴɹ
ЩɹдССֻз˵ķݴСеȵͬҵĹٴһЩɽһ㣬һɹȴͬСһ㣡
Խ޴ɹԽ̺˿ɲϢͬǳһɹǽ֮ϣƿĴģ֮䣬޵ĸѵķˣܵ룬塣
Щзģһ𺳵ĸо·ɹ֮Уסһ㣡
ǿܲµɹ֮бȻ
ʲôطɹǿô
ܶῡǣϵɹЩеҪɹ֮У浽ʲôĸо
ǿ飬ǽÿһɹ棬ǻԵĵ㣬ûκΣգеģֻǽ
ῡУ˽˵
ÿһ㶼ΣķЩǸ轱ͬʱҲṩϢĵط㣬ˡ

֣ܶῡܵ۾
ĽǷͬСɣ
ǵһͨߣȵȵã
׬ˣ
ЩῡܶһۣͻȻͬɻһɳǵٶȼ죬ȫڸ߿֮еĴǳɹȥ
ɵӶ֪ǿϢֲɹ֮УȻõĻԵ
뵽йػԵĴ˵Ƕۣһȿֺ󣬾Ͳɱˣ
ǰļߣϧʩչطȱһۿغɹǰǿˮˣ
ȻҪɹһɲǣȴҽһȻһ٣ͬʱͷѪ
ֱײһ¿ǽϣ

ҽ˷ͺ۵һʩչ˼ٶȣʱ䷴Ӧ׷ײ˸ţ
ģô£
ǻǱԴؿڣһϹҲʣܻ
ɹһסˣ
еߣŭ֮һо˹ȥҲָƽ磬ֻǴķй
Ȼû뵽ǣһдн֮󣬾Ǳȫȫķ˻ػԼϣ۹ֽţѪֱӴӿеˤû
ɹҪɶȡٷ֮ʮ
һɲǣܶԺӹͷ
Ƕ΢΢һʲôɶȣ
ǻǵԼ֮ͨźɶȣǰٷ֮ʮ࣬ɹҪȴǰٷ֮ʮ
һС룡
ȺʱףɹǸԵˡ
Ȼоɥǻ˶ΣСһЩɽСɹѧˣС̽Ȼɹ棬Ҳϱڡ
һ̽飬ɶȰٷ֮ʮ壡
һɵˣΪĻԵȵȵãڲ֪ûôõ¶
֮£ٶȽҪȥ鿴Щ˻ʹСɹȻѾ˲ԤУȻõз࣬ЩҲҪٷ֮ʮңɲܽ룡
ʣµģֻЩéһСɹˡ
ЩСɹĿɳһϢҲϡޱȣһĵΣƺҲֻѡˡ
΢һ̽飬ɶȶȶڰٷ֮ʮ࣬ϢǿɶȻ٣Щ˵ɶȣֻǸոպá
˾ɥʵһ˪ӣղŵ׳־ˡ
Ϊ֮ͨţ緢ѡ֪·ежá
éһġɹҸһô
ǿĿ֮ɳһ㣬ĶԲʲôûɫˣģҲΨһǳСɹȣҲ̫˰ɣ
ɹҲûܵõģ¾ǲһ㵵εģɽСɹҲֻлʥܽɡ
뵽Щ˻úһ㡣
Ƿ׷ѡһȥɹУ˭֮ҲֻһѡɹĻᡣ
ڵһǷ׷ѡʱڷ֮Уڿս֮С
ããİɫУֻһɶߣȫıѩ׵ľˣݵڵϱָָ߳ף޼᲻ݵķ񵶽ͷն¡
Ǳѩлֱۿɱıͨ
棬նȥ
һݣеĳǹ˲Ϣ̳ǹ
ÿһǹ㹻˺գϯƬƬĿռ籩
ͬһʱ䣬а֮ǶÿһƬҶ϶һƵؾ֮˸
ಡ
ʮ֮ǳǹǹͷϣʱǹͷȼյĻǡ
䡪
Ǳͱѩ棬ײһ
ҵĳķչڴغ˵ĹֺͿ
˵ŵŵ˼ǱˣӴҡΣҲ˺
ÿ˺һڵϲ̤ɽȵĹ֡
ǿ𾪣˵ѷɫ޼ķ֮ţȻŪô̬Ķ
˱ˣϵı׾Ȼ飬ʳһ˿ɫҺ
Һһ֣ŨŨζ
ƺǡ裿


1683 
ҩʮ꣬һЩϡرоһӱᵽǱʳĶǾ裬ⶫʮҩϣƺˣþģ
ͷδת꣬ͻȻǱͬҰްƺһƤĸֳһɳѩ׷
ÿһĶ˸ŷһɹļµıѩ
һȭһȭغ˴أǱֻҪһȭȥϵıѩľȻһʼӽѩҲϵ󡭡
ովͻȻµĴ춯
һ޴ļ׶ƱֱӲ
ͷһշתɶ׶
ಡ
׶Ӵֱ˺գ·ֲݡÿһ׶֮УһƬ˸
Щ׶գ޿ɱܣ
ۿô׶Ȼһҧɿռıǳĺ֮ѹһУ
ǣ
ı׶ںɿռб飬Ȼвı׶ϣѪֱ
ս쳣ң
Ǳ˿ˣ۾֮Ĺâ̤ƺҪȫ˺ѡ
ʱȻһ˼ĵͷؿڣؿڣ֮ǰһǹ麮ףɫ˿ڴһһǹ
ǣ
ı鱬鿪ߵֳֳǹƲɵڽľ̵ı˺˾ֱӱǰ󶴴
𡪡
˷һʹ޴ҵĻζ͵ϮĺߣһģһķԪʯ̥
ⷨؾ֮УﶼʹãԪʯ̥ȴڴУƺΪսٻղţԱӲ˵ĹԪʯ̥͵Ϯ˵ĸ˴һٻɱ
¡¡
ıмⱬıڣ̺Ũıϵ
Ȼޱϵ򣬼ȥҲջʲô
ԱϵûȤ׼Щıһ̽ץ㣬ץȡһɫҺ壬ͬʯһ㣬Ҳ룬һ£
Ǳ̺ľ裬ֱȥ˵ǱҩЧá
ûѡٵĲûʱϢָȻܷŹˡ
ʱź¡¡ľ죬ƬŴ½ϣոսɫĳȥ
ֻص˹Ŵ½룬ǰһŵĻƽϢʱ䣬ǵһ¡¡
֮Уȫһˡ
ľ죬
Ⲫ֮УȴҲ̺ɱ
ڶš
һ廹ڵѪΪոճԽȥ裬ֲĺʣա
ڣµĴųҪµս
ʣŴ½֮ϵڶɫɫĴţҪһһսȥ;Ϣʱ䶼ûУ⽫һ׵ĳ־ս
ÿһ֮У̺ķ򶼲ͬ
ǽľˮз򣬻ꡢ塢ޡǡģַںһ𣬰
ķѾ޷򣬶Ǻʮз
ʶڶ㵽ĴŲűǷ֮ţ
սǶߵĿ飬ͬҲһֻԵ
ͨԲͬսԼΪ͸Ǿ˽ܣԽսԽ£ԽսԽǿ
Ҫ߲Ҫǿʵḻս飬־õķȣһҪӵǿԣܹսвϵԼ
֣ͨһ
һ·սڣĸоѶڲϵԼӦǿȵսĻҪ̭
ûиκεϢᣬһӴֱϯ˽ȥ
֮УһƬïܵԭʼ֣һľмʮ˺ϱϰɸߣ
һһɾ֮ϣ
һʵѪ۾Ƶս⡣
𣡡
һֱ
һͷſǳΡʵ췣ںҫ̺췣֮磬Ƶڤ֮
شƣ
һ췣ձǣبأĹ⻪һʱ䣬֮췣Ϊý飬֮У
췣ͨشƣִ췣֮С棬Ӧǧ磬֮ͨﵽ˺һľ硣
˵£һʩչ콵Ѫ꣬رѣ飬񺿣
һɲǣȫ£ǹ⣬ȫ۵磬Я֮ƣͷѹȥ췣̺شͷһеľ·ǿҵĶҩϢУ
䣡
Ȼһ٣ٴУĲʢϢһ±ƣ췣֮ķ籩֮УԾһƻһδڣؾᣬҪϹ
Ȼ֪ٴεսᡣ
ֺ֮䣬ץסʤĻᣬԲְ㴭Ϣ֮һȫԪת˫һҺɫӡһɹЯϢӡϢϮȥ
ħ֣
С
ŨŨбһźɫУԡ
ԭ췣֮ӭӲµԣ⧲֮£һ±ħֺС
ħ֣ħ֮꣬аɱ֮ԵľϢΪơ
ħ֣ڡ顷ʽ֮һ
ʱ췣ħֵ˫غ֮£Һȫⰵ
ݣ
׼ʱԪʯ̥һһǰһǹͬʱԡ
ۣ
ǹâ䣬Ե屻һǹ˺Ѫ꣡
Ѫ֮УһץסһɫԵȭͷСԵоȻͬһһš
ԥһڽԵȥ
ⳡս̫ңսս򼴱Ҳ޷֧˳ʱġ
Ե¶ǣʱһŨľϵԪȫ
ԣһľöԵȻҲͲԵľľڡ
ľĳԵˡ
༤սʱѡ켶ѶȵСħʥһڽżս
֮Уʮеĸַÿһַ۳һˣҪͨҪȫ
СħɵСѡѶҲͣһԵĵˣȻҪࡣ
ʥͲͬˣȻѡѶȵһЩΪԭԵĵˣĵҪǿʮ
ʥÿһγ֣Ҫգ춯أ


1684 ɫ
֮ŲͬѶȵ󣬼򵥵ֻҪܽȻѵȴҪмʮ֮á
Ѿ֪ڹŴ·Ͻ˶ٳɱ
ͷɢڣȫ֪˶˿ڣ
ЩˣеɼǣеնϾеļֱۡ򡢴
ǣˣʧȥս˲֪ٻˡ
磡
ֳֳǹһǹɨ𣬻䣬һ߶ʮɵľˣһǹɨ˼
Ѫ䣬˵Ҳŵȥҵôض
ĺڰھ۳ķģһ̣˵ʬƾʧˡ
ʮ󣬲֪ж֣ǰʩչ򣬾ûмģ
˱ɱȻҲ˲Ĵۣĺϣһߵ˿ڣӼһֱӵȣƤⷭ߹Ƕ¶棬ǾȻһͷնµģ
˵ҲǰڽϣһӿѴأǿѾֱ׷ޣУҲҪˣ
ˣҲӲŽɫնɱ
Ѫϵţĺ󱳴ѪϵӿţϣȻٶȱһʼʱѾ˺ܶࡣ
ǿսҲǱټޡ
֮ǰսУɱвĵر۶ɵģЩĵر̷ȥԴָ
бףȻظǴڶѻҲʹѪң״̬Ϊ⡣
Ȼ±ټޣܹӳֲսնɱǿУɽˮʱ򱬷ԽսԽ£
Щˣʺսˡ
ȻΪֹսȻûнҲûͣЪŴ½ɫеĵˣʮ֣һһͬۻҡ
Ȼһ·е˾նɱȻȴԽԽη
ܴķ֮ţҲζ·ˣʮκһзǳ̵⣡
·ڡ顷ǰµԣʮ죬ç־Ѱ£ʮ̤ʮ죬ʮһһһһѰ
ʣ·ޱʮֽۺϻܣʮ֮⣬ٴһ
Ⱦ磬ѾǺεȵ
·˵ʮʵڲ̫Զˡ
¡¡
ɫٶȳȥҲսᣬ˱Ŀĵ˿ڣǹعŴ½
ȻһΣȴ΢΢һȻ֣ԭĿڶĽɫţѾ׷׳ȥǰģֻʣһˣ
ţĽɫҪ౶ű棬ƿŹϵĸ񣬿һս
Һɫսžȫֳǹһ
ʱ򣬴ź¡¡Ŀ֮һɲçĴ֮
һɲǣΧľɫȫˣŴ½ʧˣƺһƬãã޼ʵĻ֮ϣڻľͷһֳǹĺɫħȫŰɫף֮źصͷ췢ɢ̤һɫľ
ˣϵĸһģһ
֪ôģԺٶð֡ޣ
ƺǰɫս񣬾νޣ
Լηյô
ֳֳǹԭأһʱ䣬ȴǸеޱȿֲѹ
ƺɫޣҪҪֲֻվڻľͷϢеԺ
ĵˣԼôܴӮ
սǹ߳˺ˮ
κսϾΪޣ޵УǿԼĶ֣ƾ־ɺȡʤԾǿߣȴΪʱɫ޴ѻʯ
ʱ򣬺ɫ޶ˣӺһԾ£
𣡡
ںɫص˲䣬ĺһ춯صزʯѣֲĳ裬ԳǹŵأһδˣȫѪȴھҵķӿ·ܵشһ㣡
һʲôӰܴﵽģ»ͷһͷޣ
𡭡
Ŀأղһħǧʱĺй֮޲
ǹƽ٣һսɱ⣬Ҳֻƴȫ
ǣǣǣ
ɫһ̤ǰȫײصıһɫĹȦۣȦһɫת֣ת֮ϣ˲֪ٶħӰЩħʹ
ħ֣
һϳȦǡ顷еħ֣
ʩչħֻάһ˲䣬ɫȴܽħԼ󣬳ΪӳһֶΡ
վλãľͷаԶǺɫֻǼ̤ͿԽľ룬վǰ
еľ֮ᵽ˼£ʱǺɫ޿ˣһеĵ˿˵
ɫ޵Թųأͬײ
ŹУ֮ͨţ
У
ͫ΢΢һ
սʤɫޣֻǳŹУһûϣ
ʱҸʱʱϢ״̬ұ֣ÿһ֮ҶϢʱӲܻ
ûģѡ;ھͷһ֮ͨš
ɫһ
νķûͨȻѡ޼ѶȣȻǳͨġ
ɴѡ켶Ѷˡ
û˵ʲôֻսǹеս⣬Ѿ̬ȣȻ
ãɫ䣬˿飬ܳסУһһҲ·УΪĽ֮һ
Ľ
һ֪֮ŵĲͬѶȣӦŲͬ
ͨͨǿͨĽҲͬ
̫ӵˣΪֻܱ֤ͨѡ˵ڶȵѶȡ
ԼѡʷǰѶȣڴͨĽ׻ʲôˡ
ɫ˵ȴ·Ľ֮һ͸ڴˣ··µģ·µĶ̶ȿ֪
ȶԣ֮ǰµĵرͲʲôˡ
ûȥѯʺɫ޽ʲôǹǰϣ͵شϢ
ʱ˿̣ңҪЩ˳һܽ״̬ܺɫ޵Ĺ
붼֪ɫ޵ĹȻᾪ춯أУһбһǿ


1685 
ʱʱޱȵı
ڵ״Ϊ⣬֮ǰսˣѪ֮Ԫգ
ƫƫΪϵսûʱ⵼ֻսսЩĵر
ȻЩĵرһôģ
ûʱȻʹ˸ԵϢ֮
ڶ̶ʱ֮ڣڲӵ˳ѪͬʱҪ˹ˣ⼸һɵ
һĪ˵ʱҹԶԶ
ӵ֮ѪǿصһҲޱѡ
Ҳ˵ɫ޸ʱʱ䣬ѹûظ۷״̬
һ̣һĿڤ񣬽ȫҵ״̬
ɽʱ̤ɽ갷־ھ£Чȣʮ죬⡢ֻȫ뵽Ԫ֮Уͳһ⡣
غǰ;Ĺؼʱ̣Լں⣬ȫҵ״̬
һʱ䣬֮أƺγһĿռ䣬ޱߵĻ˿
ģƺ󣬳һӰ
а֮Ǳǰа֮Ӱ˼ֲɣۻ룬Ƥѣ֮ϣֻȼʮƬҶӣÿһƬҶӣǲԴΣ̹ӨӨ·ɵġ
ں˹˵ʱ򣬱ĳһʱ䣬仨Ʈ㣬Ȫڵĵطƺγһɳ
ɫޣ߳龰֮Уһ˿֮ɫƺû뵽һȫɷսߣȻƽ⡣
һʱʱ
ʼھ֮Уһ·سɷ
ֻ⣬ǿ⣬ƫڷ⣬ɽϵ
ʱڵˣɫδѣԼ˫ۡ
һʱ䣬ЩҵȫҲָںϣ˵ﵽ۷״̬Ҳ޼ˡ
վԺɫޣһ˵ʼɣ
ɫޣ֮ĵ˶ͬɫޣƺԼʶǻۣɣ·һĹϵҲ·µ飬·˵һʶ
ɫһԲͻȻ֣һȭ
һȭûκףҲûоκۣ·ֻһȭȻźɫ޵ȭͷ̤֮ǰգȴƺΪһȭȭƶѹһ
ķ֮˷۶ںɫ޵һȭϣһʱ䣬ɫ޵ȭͷһɴƣ
ɱ¾ȭ⣬£ǹ˵һУ
ɫޱһȭٶȲ죬ȻΪֲȭƵĴڣһʱ䣬˶ȭ֮У彩ӲԶ
㱼䣬ƺĶħԩ꣬ƺսѪɱʬ壬Ѫɺӣ
սԭһɱɱ¾ȭ⣬սɱɷ۶ɣ
񲻼ᣬֱʧɱ¾ȭ֮УǶɷʴң
Ҫֵɫ޵һȭҪȭͷҪɱ¾ȭ⣡
һ֮ҧ⣬ʹ̼ԼӲ壬ͬʱ̻֮սֱ
أ
սХգ
սԽ棬Խѣս鼶ѾǱ̻Сɣ˺֮ǿޱȣ
սһںɱ¾ȭ֮еޡ̻ս룬һʱ䣬񺿣
ɫ޵ɱ¾ȭ⣬ʮֿ£ոʩչģֻǺСһȴҲı̻ս飬ӣսһƲɵ
꣡
һħ̻ս˺ѣͬʱ̻սĹâҲѸٵ
һɲǵı仯úɫһ˿֮ɫƺû뵽һ࣬սϵ边Ȼ˳ڡ
ͬʱɫ޵ȭøӿͣͬκˣգ
һʱ䣬һ޷ݵĿֲкϣ
Ϊ̻սķɫ޵Ĳɱ¾ȭѾ࣬ȭĹޱȵĿֲ
һ
Ŀһгǹ̶ֱϸ췣һͬ
һʱ䣬ﵽ˼ڽԡԵ䡷ķطʮ֮
һǹɫ޵ȭͷ޻ڵײ
һɲǣʯأֲƿ
ķ籩УֻоһɿֲųǹݵԼУ˫۾Ѫܱѣֲ֮УƾǿޱȣҲѪӿ
˳ȥͬߵķݣһ˼ʮͣԳǹŵأڻϣ˫ȾѪ
һϢʱ䣬վżʮ룬ңɫޣ
˫Ŀ֮УƵս⡣
ɫޣȵĿƺû뵽һȭ󣬾Ȼվš
Ϊ̻ս˴ɱ¾ȭ⣬ֻǳȭͷĹѹټ˫صǳֲһҲʮּѡ
ʱʱϢ
ɫޱ˵ݼʮ룬ߡ
ãһԣ
Ļᶨţ᳤ǹźɫ޻
˼
ɫ޽Ӳǣһ£ƺЦ
Ȼţôã׼ҵĵڶ
˵֮䣬ĻҺɫħֻת˺ɫ޵˫֮䡣
ĵڶȻħ֣
Ŀ㣬һɫ߶䣬˫۱ѵѪ⾹ڻ䶯ţѪϣѪ֧֮£ĻָΪ£
һӵʱ䣬Դ󣬶Ϊƾս⣬һսɫޣ
Ĳһӵʱ䣬˼ʮ
ʱյҲߵ˺ɫ޵ǰ
ʱ򣬺ɫ޳ˣ
תħ֣ڹ⣬صͬޣëȻ
ֲħͬɫ棬ȼգɻ棬ûͷۣ˫ӰӰֱֻ֣Ųͬǰһֻ̣֮
ɫޣһħ֣Ҳͬþ˵ֻ̣֮ӡɱ
һʱ䣬а֮ȫ£޷۶ǰһɫת֡
ת֣ʹĶħһͷ۵սڻУɫʩչһģһҲħ֣
һĻɫ΢΢һħֶħ֣ߣҲ


1686 򾫽
Ȥ
ɫ˫ƽ٣ħֱѹ
û˿еѪУһɹʱ׷һħ
ԻӰ
ججһ۵ӳħУͭףħźڹ⣬Ρɽͫ׻Ұ
ӲǱˣڤӣ
Щ꣬ħ֣ɹǿߵǲϢ־
мڤӣҲл˷ĹյЩϢ֮ɵһЩϢ򡭡
һЩǿӰеħֶı仯ܣΧնڲ
һЩһɹ㹻ķǿϢ۾һâû뵽ǰˣӵƽͿͬʱӵǿħ֡
ǱӡħеǿڣÿһͬСɣɫôǷȥġ
˸ǰʹóͬʽ˵һơ
޵ģ΢΢˲
ɫаͫ׿ʼѸת·Ȼ˸Ӵ޷ԴԴϵĻ۽ڵֵС
ٴ͡󣬿ʼӰȻ߷һµĸ߶ȣ·Ҫȥ
ǻ֮վȻ˸ۿɱտ׶·䳲һ㣬һɹɿռ˺ķ
ڵĻ棬ǵصϯȥ
һУνӣ䣬һִݻһеĴ־
ĿȻһֻоǰĺڰ̺飬һЩû
ƺƵڻ棬·ܹȼ
һѪºͽмȻУȴˣ
ħΪħ
һᣬͫ·Ѫ⣬һɹɸӴľѪѪƤëסڱǼ䱬ĿħֵС
ʱħֵеսòȻԼ˼ģ
ԴԴıѪܻ޴ӰֳַѪǹɷ죬ħз·ħ֣ƴǣͳڤӵħ飬ӭȥ
ȻһϣȻѷɫħ߷ħ֡
Уֻ޴ת֣ʼĥһڻɱ
䡪䡪䡪
ÿһεƴײɱͬΧĿռ䶼˺ѣɫħеӰҲ˺ɣռ籩ӿаڿ׶ţ뺣Ϣ
ƬƬձ飬һЩѵħ棬Ȼɽֱӽʴ޴Ŀ׶Ŀġ
ıԪͶħֵУֱӸоת
ÿһεĻĨоȫǱ޴ĥ̴ϺݺѹȥûжõٴοѣһɹѪ·˿ڴķ䣬ۡնǶ㣬ֱӱӴѪն
ֱӴӿʹռԡ
ͬʱΪֱӵĻѹУıޱֱӵ޼ħ֡
ʲô
ıȻĸо޵ħ־֮ԶԶħøϸ¡Ӵ
ħ֣޴һȣͷ·һͨӣΡ뾫µĳǱ
ȻиǿǿϢӳ֣ħֵУʼܡ
ܵԭ򣬲Ĳ࣬Ƿ̶ȵĲ࣡
ڣ¡һ죬ħֳױ顣
ͬʱ޵ħҲĨһͷСĺɫţˣɢһɿֲ֮ĻϢ˲Ϣȥ
ͷһëէźħֵľǱУ»ʹ䣡
˴ı꣬ˣν⽻಻ԣ˵궼Ƿв򣬲ɡ
Ҳ䣡
ϸ
һҧأͫ׶Ѫ
ʱ䣬һǳ·մء
Ӵµʢٴαϸ
ھȻˡ໡һԶ
ԹšۻϢ·ԶһۼȻĲѪĴ
بأɢӴݺݸħ־ײһ
ֻУ粣һ㱻ڵСѡ
СҲձĨӨӨһ㣬ײϡ
һ
еһѪɫͫױ˹ޱȣī֭ɫа㻺ת
ۡ
һɹɳƵӴʼڱը
һ̣ȫĹͷѣѪҺӿ߷ݰڵϡ
ɫ̤գ˲ưϿգӸ£Į
ôᣬȴȵزʱ漣ˡ
ɫ˼
ʱڵϵʹ˷ͷԶ·Ҫѡ
ͬʱȴиľϲ渡
׽һЩµ޷ѪҺ
Щڸ޵ħֵжƴʱԼոǺħ־У
ѪĶ
ЩµĶһЩ޷ƻĹѪ⣬ʼ֮£Ѹٵ޲ָ
ڵƣһӰ£ƴٵ޸
ǿʼϡһ𣬹湾ཡཱུƴµѪҺ԰ֽʼѪɫ
īͫܿκϸ΢仯
Щոճֵģµ޵϶¶ɫ
ףûбħɱҶ˸һЩ
ϳһĨ顣
һߣʵ̫Щ
ԭղһɫ޹ѽϾͨΪޣʩչħûȡ
ǹؼʱԺɫ޹ನȴǿǣǿѪӲĿס˺ɫ޵ĹȻưܣȴɱסԴ
⻹㣬Ȼڸղŵͷµ
ˣɱͻԽԽǿսоԼͻˣһޱȿµĵˣ
ʱ֮ӭҵĵ
һ䣬ɫƾʧʼնĮ飬Ŀپ
ԭڵϵεʱ˷Ѱ㡣
ں⣬ȫڤٶȸֳģӰӡ
ʱץʱˣ׷
֮ǰĵرɲֲ࣬յѪ
ʱһ˫ۣ
ʱ΢΢ħ֣ηӲƴȻѡˣ
򣬿ཱȲϵġ


1687 أ
ĵ飬ȻоɫԨ纣ɭȻϢ̧ͷһǰձ˺ɫĮĺɫ̤ӸµԼ
˼ĳ
ôɫʵ
ɣ
վԭصֱͦǹ֮·춼ͱƳһ׶
޲Ŀһۡôֵ꣬࿴һۡ
һץԭһգȻģһ޴ĲƬƵıӲŤӲѿһ϶
Ƿ϶Уץһ˳ǹ
ǹǺɫƽʱʹõҲǸ֮ϵ̵ǹ֮ǰУɫ޶ûжͽֶԵУһΣ
һ̣˫ȫ籡Է裬ӿ
ѲأϢΡ룬̽ͷצ佫˺ѳɱ
棬ա
һһ֣ҫأ˾塣
ͬһʱ䣬һɴŲ˸绡׳׳ϿգʢһĻ
Ȼĺг·һԼ˸ŻԵ
Ȼڵ׻֮
ĵϣҲȻ춯
ǦɫƲȻصĹâ˺ѿƬƬǻٲкڵϡ
ȫƤԡģУȫȡ
һſŵĴǣſţεͷҫ
ͬʱҲоŴطͻǻԣĿҫۡ
·һҫǳһ㡣
ͷϵǳӦǾŴ
ǳ쳣ҫֱۣ̫һ㣬ϸ췣
ϸɢŴŵǱܡȼգֱޱȣÿһë׶еģ·Ѫ˿ƵʳʢѪˮ
췣ؼӴڤ֮֮кХ
ĸоввסһǹ
ʱ򣬺ɫ޳ˣ
һǹ̳Уĵйâ˲Ϣ䱻һա
һ˾ԵĺڰС
Ⱥڰڵģǰǹâ
ǹâ֮У޴ϢϢʮϤЩİʣ֮Уδ
ռ·粣һ׷顣
ǳǹ·̴ܴȻһ޿ɵֵĸо̺ɭȻķ
ⳤǹָһ˲䣬Ȼ嶼־嵱Уܶ
ޱǿԼĹŹַӦ
쳣Ȼһǹض춯ء
ΣҪŹһǹ

һһԹŴ̵ĴʼϵıǶɢΡΡĴƳ֡ľ֦Ҷï֮ʢŨң·Ҫɭһ㡣
սԼĳǹһɹɵĺϢǹƵǣ֡ǰʱͿռ䶼ʼŤĺɿռ䶸Ȼ֣ЯŽһеĴ
ЩӴµĴؿʼѸٱ⡢ѣȫϸСķĩƮɢؼ䡣
¶ʱգ·վ޾ԨϣҧһЩһ˲䣬ȫעڵĳǹ֮С
䣡
ΡΡа֮ɫ޵ǹâײȻ˲Ϣ䱻ͱҲǳǹһ
һһײϡ׻֮ϸ췣߷Ѫʯ籩ϣͬɵĺɿռ䣬űԴĳʼϢ׷ײڳǹ
Щÿһɶ㹻һɱһǿ
ڵĳǹۿɱٶһصĸǳһ˺ѣ𣬺һɹֱײԭʼڶ
Ŀ

Ϲճһ˿飬ȥڳǹȻһɶ೤ĺɿռȴѱĥÿҪѣ֮Ѿ͸ޱȡ
һҧƺһﱬƵ죬·棬䴦˹ŹֵĲ
ǹ֮ϣīĺɫг֣һ֣·ͶˮһʯͷǿҵĿռ
С
еĿռһ̷飬Ŀռ籩ʼķݺи
ɢеħֲ׷ױС
Ƿġ󷨡ڰ㣡
ڰ춴̵壬ԺڶΪܣӭ˺ɫ޵ǹâ
һһó峹˥ȥȫѪգڽֻϸԴԴϵĴ߷֮һ˿
ۿźڰ춴ϯգһ̣ɫҲ΢΢ݡ
ڳǹʱڰϯһɹԼְıը汬
ಡ
ǹâըѵ
ʱȫԸҲֵǹâನʱüѪ
·в򣬱ɸƵİڶѹƲסڵƣ۵һһѪ
ʱǱըȻֹͣһϸСǼڳǹȻǺɫ䵽ǰ
һɲǣͫѾ;ƿݵ޵һĿܣ
濩һΪԼһ̾Ҫȥ
Ȼָоֻһ˲䣬ڳǹϣȻɷˣľսȻ͸
ԭڳǹǹ⣡
ǹǿڳǹȴĥ˵ֻȴ
ѹ
Ժֵһͷһ̣ͬƮһ㣬صˤ
˿̵ԪԪԪѪľʶȫģֱ˹ȥ


1688 еӰ
һλԣȴǻã֮ǰս˼ʮ죬⼸ʮʱ䣬͸֧ľ񣬵ͬʱҲ˼ĺô
ȥЩĵرڳ־õĴս֮беľѾǱĬ֮С
ʵꡢ綼ѾޱǿԣЩĵر㲻ĺô
˵ķЩʵսУڷջ
֮еĵˣÿһʵսķ򶼲ͬЩ۽磬Ҳջ࣡
ɫ޵Ľ֣˸һ˽⣬һУҪʱ
ڣڻԣʵľ֮УŸַƬĽ֮ںϣ⡭
ʱڷ֮ŵ棬·ĵ㣬Ǿȫһ龰ˡ
ʼͨһˣʵģѡ˷֮ŵ˼Ѷȣ˼ѶȣֻҪͨջžˣҪ̤ϹŴ½ʮ취ݻɵĵ˵ս
ˣֻʱͨ˷֮ţҲõ˽ĵĲ㡣
ĲУΣճ̶һӱǰһΣ
òɱΣķݣ
˺ö֮˲֮£׷׷ӵĲ˻ص˵㣬ϾЩǣڸж˽ܣǶŹԵǰ̣Ȼȥ˵Ĳ֪֮ǵʵ׶༪٣ôǵȻȥװˡ
ȻдԵûˣٴĻԵʲôá
ǣԽԽ˻ص˵㣬ֻȡһ㣬ûκΣգǴȵʱʱǾͻᱻ崫ͻ·䵽޺һط
ʱ򣬷֮ͻȻתһͨ˷֮ţ
Ϊ׵һˣͷǹڣ緢̫ӣ
̫ӵ£
̫һ֣вٸйϵΧһ϶֮ɫ
ϲ̫ӵ쿪ʤ
лԹɫƥǿ̫緢ı飬Ͳµһ˳
ʵϣҲû´̫ȷʵڵؼѶУõɶȣɶȣѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
̫ӵ£;ã̫ӵѡؼѶ̫ˣӦѡ켶Ѷȵģ
ȷ̫󣬺ܶ˴ƨ̫ӵЦûάֶãܿ죬֮һζ
״Ӻ׳ˡ
ʱ׷ֵϣͬЦȻҲ̫΢΢üؼѶȵʱ䣬ɵҲɣָѹºһͷڿҲǴƽ֡
һʱ䣬̫ӺͺˣȫĽ㡣ҲǴ⣬ؼѶȵȻֻǵڶȼҲ򵥣ͨףܶ콾Ҳֻһֶѡ
ɣصԼʥ֮УҲõν
ʱšĽµˣȴƵƵĿǰɫ޼Ѷȷ֮ţֵ֮УǶȴޱȽǣء
ΪļΣûѡ޼ѶȣҲڴ漣ķ
ѡ޼ѡִ̫٣ûüȰһ䣬֮žȫֱ˽ȥ
ûָ޼Ѷɶȶ٣ֻҪܻͨллˡ
ôʦ°
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Ȼ֪ڵʲôҪһš
ǼǵãĳտʼʱſΪԼ¿ڻ
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¿Ϊ⣬һЦôָôƺʦöмӰϧϧӢ٣ȴ֪ԼĽóȻѡѶȣͼȡ裬ñ˵ע⣬أڸû˹ȡ趼ʧˡ
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ЩˣΧ̫ӻкתţȷʵûʲô˹
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ѡ޼ѶȵʱʵһҲֻǳԾѣܿ죬Ǿ϶ˣ⣬ͽԺˣڣǶͼ̫Ӻͺףˣ츳ѣǽǣδвСİ
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ΪһˣʮλߵŮӣƽƽûʲô塣
̫ӹǫˣʥҲ̫ӱʥҲǲһˣɰȺۣ
ܶ̿ʼƨʥǸʲ̫ӣȴ֮ùϵʶʥĳ֣û̫ӵķͷ
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΢΢һ׷֮ȥֻһζ켶Ѷȵķ֮š
ţ˳
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Ůò񻣬ֻʱɫ΢΢԰ף֮ϣҲȾһ˿Ѫ
Ȼ֮ͨⷨţɣ
ֻʮ߰ŮӣȻСħɣ
סҲͨˣ
ܶ˶ˣԭΪСħɽ켶Ѷȵķ֮׶༪٣û뵽Ȼˡ
֣ǽ켶Ѷȵķ֮ţҲܳɶ̫;ˣòʧ
ʱ̫ͻȻˣԴܹͨؼѶȣȥ켶ѶȣǲͨõĳɵɵɶȣɶȣؼͨĽߡ
Ůƺһİ
ԣŮˣСѾˡ̫ǿԼˡ
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ɶãû°ɣ
Сħ½ϵѪĽһԭСħѡ켶ѶȣҲһѺΪʶСħɵʵΪСħɾ޷ȵʥǻ֮ͨŻǲġ
ڿСħɳȻѾӽޣϾǺúõģһ
û¡СħСȭͷȻʱѪޱȣСȴΪ˷ܡ
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Ǹ󣡻˵˭ѽҲ̫ǵˡСħһ䣬
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ЦȴСħһ˿ɱħ֮ŮԵˣɲ¿ȻȻۣ
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΢΢һתͷȥʲôôʱûһ֮£¿һλζģȻ޼Ѷȵķ֮ţ
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ɫķ֮ţͬȾѪһ㣬ڲͬžҷһǣΧյķ֮
˵ĸоͷ·ڷ֮Уһɿֲķ籩
֮䣬ǡ
̫Ȼһݣָо޼ķ֮ű⣬ƺҪʲôشһ㣡
Ļûֱ˵ԭţǺܿͷˡ
̫ӻ䣬Χ߶ʱ˾裬Уʲô鶼ܷ޼֮ͻȻʲô䣬гֲڿߵǿˣҲΪ棡
£ûԸСϡͿĶЩʵȽῡܣѾʼˡ
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ϯڳд󾪣ǼæԪԪֿкܶ˱öᡣ
ЩˣѾͷˣ̫ӵˣҲȫĵľ衣
ûгʱ䣬ںܿ£֮ǰγһɫУ
Ƕ΢΢һǰɫУһ̣һưܣͷɢӰӰɫлĸ֣һ˳ǹһһ̤·Ĺĵϣ
ϵףѾȫ飬սѥҲǲȱȫ˺̶ֳȵսȻưγԱȵȴͬҹ磬֮ŷİɫâҲδڣ
һ˶һ𣬷·оԼһˡ
Ӱһɲǣ¿ֻ۾Ѿľ˺þãݺݵĳ鶯һ£һڿˮ˵ˡǡ
ʦ
ܶ¿һ𾪺
Ȼˣ޼Ѷȵķ֮ų
ֱ˼飡
һ˲䣬ſȴۿ΢΢ʪ˽⣬ԶԶСħɣΪǾһڿ֣ȴϲ⣡
ڣɶѾҪֻҪųһжá
ָ磬Ȼͨˣ
Сħɻһֱ˹ȥͬһһ˽Ļ
˽⣬Ȼܳô޼ѶȵбȻشջǲ׷Ըʲô£ֻҪˣͻͼã
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û¡СħɵԴҲص³һɣԺɫ޵һУ۵


1689 ɹ
ȻСħ飬ƽάֱƽ
ֹӣллأû¡
ĽҲӭеʵû˰ɣ
ӲѲµ˺εȲҵսǵ龰һ¶˾ôĿġ
Ľ󻨻ǧҲףء
ǧصļһ£ʲôû˵ǸֻǰʶȻһ·սҲһЩ֮顣
ĶѣѣΪףʱߣ֮Уûܻع
ղ֮ŵķ籩쳣ĿͣǶľû뵽յⳡ籩ԭֻ޼Ѷȵķ֮
޼ѶȣѾ֪ûѡ˭Ҳ֪ͨѶ֮󣬵Ǻε龰
ôǸʦѧϰҪռôʱ䣬ѧ̶ֳȸǲ֪Ҫã˵䣬ҲͰˣôʵҲô̬Ĳһαװģ
֣ûбҪɣƭЩʲô壬˵ˣԽ󣬽·ԵѶҲԽãǸֵĻͨ޼ô
֪˭˵һ䣬ڳ˶ʱһݣ
ˣϵߣڷ̤֮ϹŴ½ʱҪԵĿǵֿ¾ˣ
˭ܵס
֤ⷨ䣬Щ츳ֻ̬ȵˣȫ˵ˡ
Сӣ¿ǳ鶯ŭǲҵͨѣӣΪ˳˷ͷȴɶȣʲôõģ
¿жĶʻѾԸӵĵزȻ֪ϣɶǶ٣츳Լһء
¿ĻûеõͬߵУʵǿλȻߣҲӮأ
¿ߣ˸пɶ㣬Ҳţư̫ӣףҲû˵̤޼ĻԱ֤ɶȣųɡְʦսֻ˳ġ
ܶˣʦ飬ʵǲòᣬ̫ˡ
Щ˵Ļ¿мΪ̶Ҳˣ¿һ£̫Ӻͺס
ԭԭǽǣΪڵؼ֮еɶȣ֪Χ̫Ӻͺ״Ҳ緢֣ǵķͷдǵ
ڿǸղŵĵ⡢˷ܣСһЦ
ǿʥȻǲһ󱲡
òɶȣпãĽɶģսÿɶȵͣʲôã
̫ӵ˵ţһ
Ҳ˵ǣҲ֪ӵļһɶж٣
ûԶѣҲûԶĵˡ
ԭ׸̫ӱ˴˻˳ۣΪҪͷһˣΪԼҲΪӣΪδǰ;
أǵķͷȫȫıڸȥˣǻƨ
Ȼͳǹͬĵˣվͬһսϡ
ʱšĽµ˽̸ոմŵĿе֪֮ŵĽʲô̧ͷȥããɹ
ЩɹǳһССһ㡣
ҪЩɹҪ㹻ɶȡ
һȣСéݲɹҲҪٷ֮ʮͷɶȣСɹҪٷ֮ʮҡ
ڻʥģɽСɹҪٷ֮ʮɶȣ
˵䣬ЩĵĿɶȲСɹĻͳԴˣʵѡ켶Ѷȣɶʥһȣ
ŶԭĹ򡭡
֣Լ֮ͨŵʱ򣬺ɫ˵ֻҪУ͸˵·Ľ֮һ
Լ֮ͨʲôûڲ֪ԭ칬֮У
뵽ɫ޻С󡱵ݴʣͷȣȲҪ֪ʲôˡ
Ŀ⣬ܿдǳɹϣɹϢΪ£ĻҲǺɫصص㣡
Ŀ⣬ҲǳɹЩп˵㿴ǳСɹΨһģͨ޼ѶȲĻҲѡҪȥĻҪ֮Ųſԣ⼸ʮ꣬û˽ȥʲôö֪
УɹǴ˵ˣֻܿüȴţҲò
ʮ궼û˽ȥ
üһҲ⣬뷨ʵѶȵı̶̬Ⱦ֪ˣԼӵмߵ츳ͨΪ˺ܴƣǼˣҲ˰ͦġ
԰ЩɹýĵطҲǵĲڣɶȲĻĲ㶼ȥˡ
Ž͵ĺϸʱѾСħɵ֣˵ߣý֮ȥĲ㣡
˵䣬ֻͷĽµˣ˵һɡ
ã
Ľ¡ǧ󻨻ǵͷһշ
ǰٶȲ죬ͬһƬûķɺ裬׾ٵֱɣɹѾԽԽˡ
ʱȴͻȻһ˿
֣Լһ֮⣬˶ûжġ
ڿУȴãǷ׷ڹϣվԭأڰУһʲôȲˣҲսֱĿ
ϣǺ֮ɫζ֮ɫǾ֮ɫǳ֮ɫʵһǣǶڵȴѡɹ
һĻһ£׹ˡҪԼɶȵǶ١
ҲѹǺ棬ΪʮΨһһѡ޼ѶȣһͨˣǵȻ֪ɶȵǶ١
̫°ͣϷһ˿ζЦ⡣
޼ѶȣʥȥҲֻһְˣһ֣ѡɽСĶɹֻǹСɹ
ǿͨɶӵ޼ֻܽĵȵéݴСɹˡ
ҵĴ֮гһ·ҵɱս̾أȴѡһéݡⲻһЦô
ֻҪЦôȻһˡ
ʱö֮Ľɹ
ʱ׸̫ңңȻҲǱͬ뷨¿Ǿ͸˵ˣû˱뿴Ըͷ
ĽŲҲŻˣ΢΢ü֮ǰûϵ龰ƺԼѡɹЩ˾ͻһֱȥġ
ԭԼѡ񱻱˿ڣƺܱˣĺܶߣʵȽϲһ֮ͨţѡĲΪסĲΣգִӵĲģǻڵһֱȵͳȥΣȲЩˡ


1690 ǳɹ
ָ磬㵣ʲôСħɿüͷ˵
΢΢ֻǲҵѡǿˣϢȥϲ֮ˣеĽǽתãҲ˼Ӻң֤
·˴ʵڹغشһЩϹǶ᲻ݵĶԼ֣ʦδֵסϾ·µı͸ĽķȣȫĶˣ
Сӣˣ
ٺ٣ǵ֪ЩɹҪɶȣɵ˰ɡ
̫ӣ¿ڵſЦڿͻȻͣǵ֪ɹɶȼȫˡ
ô˿ţѡ¶ˡ
˼ˣҵҪһôճ¿п֮츳ôֳĴЦֱ֮
ǧ󻨻ĺ棬ͻȻˣҲЩͣ
ֵܣôˣ
ûʲô
ĥһϸԼĽѡҪϢŻᴫƺ߱ͳȥķʽͣô޺Լ£ŻᴫϹ
ο㴫͵ȥЩϹҲһʱ֪õʲôδʶ
ʱҲѣֻҪȡһЩʱ䣬ܷ˻ص·ȥ
޾ͰȫˣԴ뿪·ص򣬶ʱӽʮ·֮ãҲ
뵽ЩҲ˼ˣ޵Ϲ˼Σ
Ƿһ΢Ļȡ
ʼǰˣٶҲӿ֮࣬ӱ
㣬ͬСɹλи֮֡
ĿģéݴСĵɹձλƫͣԽɹλþԽߡ
ٶȼ죬ֻһ˸ӹããСɹֱɹȥ
Ҫɹ
̫ӡ׶üͷһ壬СɹҪѡؼѶȵķ֮ţҪȽϸߵɶȲܴﵽôУųɵ޷ɹֻѡĵɹ
һͳɹǾ͸һˣĻǶҲûʲôơ
ҹؼǣѡѶߵ޼֮ţȴܴﵽɹɶȣʵ̫ˣ
̫Ӻͺţʱȴգ۾ӹɹɹ
ʲô
Ѳѡɹǻѡ񣡡
֮ǰͨ켶ĻҲѡ˶ɹ
޼Ѷȴﵽͬɶȣζ츳Ȼ󻹸ߣ
ܶ˸е޷ţ
ȻǻûӦ𾪵һĻˣȻԽ˶ɹʼһɹҲΨһһǳСĴ˵ɹȥˣ
Ҫʲô
һӣҪ˵̫ӡ׺¿ˣšĽ¶ɴ۾Ŀǿž޴ޱȣ̫ͬһҫ۵ɹ
˵мʮ궼δ̤ɹĿѵ
ſװ׵ĸ˵ˣɹҪжôѣ
ˣ¶˼飬ֻСħɣǷһ˿΢Ц
ٶȿ磬գ۾Ѿ嵽˾ɹĵطٵֱȥ
˰ɣ
⣬Ϊͨ޼Ѷȣܹһɹɣ
ſײǽ
ԭɹס̫ӵ˻ֻɫѿȵһɹȴĳɿЦıˡ
ǻʥĪĵطҪȥҪ޼ѶȵǸɵ
ٶȣȫײɹֵĻǸо
ƺѾͷѪ龰ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһ˲䣬Ӱͱǳɹãã֮С
ɹ󷨻֣ǰ
ɶȡٷ֮ʮ壡
ûгɣȫٳ㻤ܣӶ

·𼲷ɵӴ̣ӰɲǼ䴩ܣֱûҫ۵Ĺâ֮УȫʧѾɹˣ
һ˲䣬ס̫ӡ¿ǵЦݣọ̈̄
ˣҲȫˣ
Ľȥˣ
ҡûɡ
ѵһڿˮͷֵĺǽӲֱ
޼Ѷȵķ֮лųˣһǳɹ⿪ʲôЦ
ѵ˵޼Ѷȵķ֮ţôܣ
ۼڵеǣ۵Сۣһʱ䶼޷ˣʵѾǳɹĻ֣ɲѣ
ǾôϡͿļ֤ˣʮŻᷢһε漣
ҲšǳɹĻ֡¿ڶ£Ҫ˵ǳɹĻֳ⣬վû˵ڣ·˲󷨣˲֪꣬ãã³ʵĹУɳŽһ㣬Ҳû˵һǳɹģ
ֻһͣǾǣ֮ͨţ츳˻
۱ȼڵȣҲֻΪʵ˲٣෽棬й֮޲
ʵ̫𺳣˶оЩԽܡ
ʱСħҲˣֱӷ˶ɹ
֮ǰѡʥһ켶ѶȣֻǻʥͨСħȴΪϤ£һЩһԪˣСħҲͨõߵɶȣ
СħѡɹȻ֮е顣
һֻɵһķ˶ɹûܵһ˿һ
տһɹתۼֿСħɷɹ˶ˣ˵ľˡ


1691 ǳɹ
ǳɹ翣Ǽʮ궼δ˿عŵأ̤ɹĴţʱо̤ͬһ棬Ϣ·
ܣͬӿ
֪Ƿ
ڷ֮Уʮ취ĵˣʮ취ϢΪ˽⣬ĸеǳɹ֮Уͬʱ̺ʮ취
·ˣͬʮ취򣬲ִԼһǳɹͬʱʮ취
һһ̤ǰߴޱȵĻȣȫɲ֪ʯ죬ʯھ˲֪ʴȴɹɼˣһȾ
һֱߵȵľͷһ̻Ի͵ĵĴš
ߵ˲䣬ŻȻ
һʱ䣬ҫ۵Ŀǰ龰Ȼһ
ȵľͷһ磡
磬ɽ󺣣ڵλãȴǰУɸ߶֮£Ƭãã磡
ƬĴ½֮ϣһƳʯ·ӵ濪ʼһֱ޾Զϣûɵ
˿˿Ƶĺ紵һЩɢԿԶ޾ʯ·һʯ·׾̺һµϢ
һӻϷվʯ·֮ǰ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬ͫ΢УĿⱻʯ·ϵһ
ǸطһӡʯĽӡ
ȥͨͨĽӡӳȴһоһ˿ȻϢ絶ݺᣬǽӡɢ
ʲôˣܹ߽ĹؿϣԼĽӡţӡȴɴڣɢ˾˵Ϣ
Ȼʯ̤˵һҲƫУ̤ǽӡϣ˿Ϸ졣
䣡
ԺﶸȻһΧתµľ죬ͬؾףĤ
ҰʱȻ֣ԼȻɭȻϢΧ
ĿһͭףֳͭìꪡꡢȫѪľսʿΧ£ߡ
ЩˣһɳзȾѪɢһޱȵɱļ¡ÿ˵ѪҲγ˺ޱȿ¡
о˵УһɶߣϢƺһͷ׷ͬٲɢսľ˽죬ĮĶ
һ˫۾ޱȵĿ£ɣƾһ񣬾һǿ߻ɢ޾Ԩ
Щˣ֣κһ˵Ķ֣
ЩˣǴľǿߣ
Ȼǣɱɭɭ˻֮£ȻסɢĿѹʮɣ
ǸϢİ׷죬Ҳܸϵѹȡ
һʶĿԼȴͻȻ֣Ѿȫһӡ
ʱͷ췢ɢšֱ۶˺ɫۼףЩۼףʲô鱦ףϣϣħƣЩħƣ
òҲ˱仯ü罣Ŀ絶Щ
ֳһǹɢϢÿռ䶼Ĳһδģޱǿĸо
·嫵Ǻӣᱻһǹնϣ
ǡ
ʶԼƺ˵µս񣬶龰Ҳǻ񣬶ʵʵڷĳҲսļ䣡
Ϊ̤ʯ·һӡսļ䣬֮Уսս̬ǰĵˣ
ɱɱɱ
ǹսһֲ̤ǹâһУ˾սһǹնɱ
һʱ䣬֫ɣѪ䡣
ָо
սֵһɲǣͬܣܵһУڼսվ龰սÿһÿһ˿ÿһַӦãָƣ·Լսһ㣡
ЩͷӦãһʮ𺳵ĸоԭսʽ൱Ĳͬ
ǷӦãսʹõģȻȻȴҲںʮ취ޱȣģޣǼһ˿һȴ˼
ڼսԾʯ¡ʱ㻬ضʱα٣ӳӰ
ÿɾûκĶһ˿ֱսɡ
սɣǿǿ֮
ս˭
ԺУͷޱȵ·ô


1692 ʯ·
ʬɽѪɣ
ڼսɱҹĶ֣Ҳޱǿ
ڼսȫûһõƤ⣬վʬɽϣͫȴأɢ⣬лĵ
ͻȻ䣬ڼս쳤ХףȺɽ𵴡ϾȻѪϢֱ
ʯϣʡ
ѪӿȻ˿˿ƵѪɫϢɢ̵򶶣ٿѹ
һѹղ̵ѪɫϢȻɢΧȴļµǿ־
ͷȥֻʯ·̤һѡ
ֻһȴ޷ݣǺڼս񣬻Ǻڼսĵˣľѣ
˭̫ô
ڼս֮ǰڷ֮пĺɫϢʮƣǵͬǹòͬ
֪ڼս񵽵ǲ·ˣĸоǺڼսȻޱǿ󣬵Ҳᳬ񼶱𣬱·ˣǻ˲١
ڼսĵˣҲû壬Ҳδڵ伮ϼأȻڰǰ̫塣
΢΢ԥ̤˵ڶ
һһʯϡ
һ̤ϵڶʯ壬ٴξ䡣
˻𣬲ŭ
ˢ
һʪˮԴԴĴϣ̹ǡϵĺˮȫһƬѪ죬ŨŨѪζ
һֻֻ·ɽľͷߣʬںϣһԾѪӿ뺣С
ѪҺУԼ绡˸
ͷߣʵǿȺںм޵еĴڣڣȴôࡣ
ڼսֳڵǹ߸ں֮ϣһ̲ͣɢΧغӦеѪɫǰԶ
һȺͷʬ룬һֻӴľͷߣɡںߵʬ
һɹɴˮͰֻϡ
ͫо޴ĵ绡̫㻺תֻǿһۣ·궼ܱͫȥ˾㤡
ŸԴʮ˸ͫףȫ˫̤ںˮϵĺڼս
ڼսĿɭȻЩӴ޼ĺߣ˿ûη壬ȼŨҹ̵ս⡣
䣡
ڼս׳ͷͷײһ
ǳ֮ڳӴΪȻ쫷磬иԨ棬·ӡ
ض
һɹӿȵķը
һУڼս嶼һɹУȫѪⶼ˸һĵ绡
ȫë
ͬʱڼսͫ˸·
·׾ģԼһ˿Ȼ绡ͷͷ츳ͨ
ͷͷ츳ͨķɣԼʮһ֡
УеҲӦ⣬ȻҲ˿˿Ƶĵ绡а֮صζ
һĻûгãٿȻʧ˵
ȻǺڼսһƾеĶ֣һɵֻ̫۾ǳ˸Ϣһʵʻķ֣ӵţ·ڴӵǵߡ
Ϣϣ˿ڴ˿̵ĺڼս
Ȼ̫ˣһžգϵһƬıʵʻɽ壬ڼս¡ȥ
ڼսͫ׷Ź⣬һӭǷɽ壬εضȻӭ
顪
ÿһײ鷨ϣһʮĸо
ڼս̫ս춯ء
Χڵĺˮӿڣ
˼սһһҹһĳڼսֱӽѪҺըѣ顣
оڼսѪ⣡
Ķ֡ǿ𶯡Ҳ֪ڼսĶ֣̫˳̶ȸأʯƵĳ̮¶˹Ѫ⡣ЩѪ⣬ȻǷһ㣬ķ¶ĹѪɢֲϢ
ͻȻ䣬̫ͫ˸âԭѵ壬Ȼֱȫ⣬Ѫ棬ǿıԴĳ֡
Щһ֣ǳɢ˾âķڼսѹȥ
һ˲䣬ڼսȻá
䣡
ڼսֱӱѹѪ汻ǿѹȳУɢҩζѸš
𶯣û뵽ǿڼսȻҲ˵վ
ȻӦͻȻ䣬оӺڼսһԭҪϨһ𣬷Ҫ궼ѣȼա
˲Ϣ䣬еĹѪٴ壬ڼսȻ»쳤ХףȺɽ𵴡ϾȻѪϢֱ
¡Ԫֱӽѹķĳ顣
ڼսٴºİεضӿһضȵս⡣
̫д󾪣æֿǴķģȻڼսֱɡ
ڼսǹ꣬âɣ·ǧֱ̫ӽ̫֣һ̣Ѫ
һ̫ߣڼսնɱˣ
ֹʯ·
ÿ̤һʯ壬濴ڼս񲻶ǿ󣬲Ŭս龰
֪ڼսݣֻһ̫콾һţĹޣ䡣
սУڼսӵеǿս⣬޼似Լսɣһĸ
ͬһĳˮӿϡѪӡ¸΢µϸĺһ˿˿ط
ָʮҲģģ
Ȼһʱ䲻ȫЩǱĬҲǳ
ԸоԼһЩı仯䣬סȾıԴ˸⡣
ʶϸ췣ƺԼ˸ǰһӴơ
һ̤ʯ·֪֮󣬳ͻȻ˱仯ʯ·еľǲǺڼս񣬶һĸߴİӡ
ۣͷгɫһ㣬һ֮£ΧĻȫΪһ塣
±̵˿УڰΧա
ָоʮɰӣֻǾùѪУƺؼĳһ˿Ӧ·ʲôҪѪ
۾򡭡
һǰӣڼսһսɱڲϵʽķ򣬶ͬܣջ
ںܳһ·ʯгصļ䶼ӡ

еٶȷ˱仯һΣһֳֽ𽣵
ʵڼսҲڲ֮䣬һ𽣣ٵأܵУ
֣ÿһ·ʯؼеǶıһΣЩϢƣ̬ȴͬ޷Ҳر
ܶ෨δʶʮĳһ֡
Щ˵˭
ɻǵʵ񼶣ôðģ
ѵЩǰ̤ǳɹ
лͷǺܿͽͷˣΪ޼Ѷȵķ֮ʵ̫죬˵ǳɹʼ֮δٰ̤ʱԲᵮô콾˽ܡ
ѵЩʯ·еľǿ߶ǵ·˵׷ߣ
·ǳԽĴڣô׷棬Ҳ֣
һ̤ǰǰͦΣϵҲӸӣ䡣
ڤڤУһɹжݳѲȻԼܻһ˿˿ĵϡ
ϵĹۿĲԽԽء
һʼֻǶʯеļһЩԵ򣬶ϵʵʯ·ʯ·еľԽԽ̡
ŲϵݣͷϿʼк䣬ԽԽǷЩİ
ģطĻ֣ʯ·ϵķ·һſǳϣ֮󣬷ĻĶѪУʧ
ĶԽԽ࣬ϵƽŹʱƵᣬںϣʱâùס
һ̣ߵʯ·ľͷʱѾվɸ߿֮УӴأããƺ
̤һʯ·ʱȴһ
һʯ·ΪرֻһɿУȴƺޱȣ޾بǰĻĹƽԭ
һʯ·ϢҲΪֹܹΪǿҵһϢֻǿ;Ȼ
һûм̤һʯ·ˣȻ²⣬޼Ѷȵķ֮Уɫ޿νĽ̺һʯ·УǴʱ˿̣ƽûмȥѰνĽǾ͵Ϣ
еϵĻԼ֮ǰһ·龰
һ䣬ͻȻһ
֪ˣ֪Щʯ·еʲôˡ
ţ뵽ˣЩˣ಻٣ʮ
֣Ҳʱǵݡ


1693 ʥ
ʯ·ϵʮȻβͬ޷ر𣬵ǵϢȴʮơ
ڴ֮ǰȴǺһֿܣǾǣʮǿʵͶһˣ
Ȼǵã·ڡ顷ǰµԣʮ죬ç־Ѱ£ʮ̤ʮ죬ʮһһһһѰ
ʮ
һһһһ
֮ǰʯ·ؼеǿҲʮ֡
ʮ񣬺ܾܿ·˵ʮת
ʮÿһһַ򣬺ķɾ񣡶ÿһս龰ļ䣬򣬶ʯ·ϣ˹Ħ
뵽𺳣ʮתÿһζ޳ʲô
˵·ĳԽôɣԽ;ǽʮת񾳽磬ںΪһ
ĸһʯ·еϢоϢƺƴֲͬɭ޵ϸ鿴ȴĸоʵʮϢɵġ
·תʮΣÿתвͬĸеĸںһ˾㤡
ʯ·ϣ˿˿ƵŨޱȣ·ޱ޼ʵԨһж˵ҪԽһܲףҪǿʵ߾ķΪ
΢΢ָлĹ켣ʯϵһʱĹ
ϸܵϵʯ·ʼ˫ǣ£ıƽ⡭
̤һʯ塣һɲǣ䡣
ٶȸܵʯصļ䣬һΣɵﲻǱˣڷ֮пԼĺɫޣ
ʱĺɫޣֳǹͷ췢̤Ƥ˸ŽϺֱ϶ӡ
վڱռǳ˸˫ֲ̫ͫĹ⣬޾Զ
ԶĵطиͬϢֲˣңԶǺӱ˶
߹֮ƬƬշ飬ǳ׷ױӲȡɽ档
˵Ӱǰȴģ壬·ǧǧڻ߹ɽѹ
ͨͨ
֪ԼԵˣǸӰļ¡
ͬʱҲоɫ棬ǰδе
ɫ޵ʵѷ֣Ԩ纣ɣɫ޾·˵ı
ʲô콾ܸ·ƥУ
Ӱ塢ʥ壬δ̫壬ɣǰ棬ǲǱ̫ͳΣֱδ̫֮û䣬塢ʥͻŽ
ʱʵӰ˵ʲôͬˮһҡΣÿ³һּ֣Ӵޱȵַӡ
ӰĻֻǼ³ַӡڱأͬһ޺ȥ
ֽӲ粼ƥֱӽռ˺ѳ˾޴ԨЩХַǣȫ˿ռ棬Ŀռ䡣
ۿԼĹ׵ƽ⣬ӰȴֻǵһЦΪ⣬ʱգӿռ϶֮ȡһĹ飡
Ȿźɫķ棬ڷϣдޱȵּϰ顷һϲ֡
ʥ䣿
һģӰƺ鼮ΪⱾ鼮ͽСʥ䡱
Ϊǵһμʥ֣ĪУᵽһżʥ䡷
ģӰеġʥ䡷ʥ䡷йϵ
ͷĸоԼƺ漰ʮ죬Խʷӵء
ʱģӰеġʥ䡷΢һַӡƮ
ԭվһǳϵĺɫޣȻ˲ϢɭȻĵ
ȪѪˮϣİ׹ǳÿ׹ǶɢϢϯѪˣϮȥ
һüĿ·ǿߣŰ׹ȫͷų
ǿߣ˺գЯޱߵĴХŷ׷ѹޡ
һ
ͨɫ޵ӽǣǰһвǻ񣬶һĴ磬ģӰȻܴУֱǱʥ䡷һȪޡ
ǰصʵǿֲ޹ֺս޲ʤ涼˶֣Ը
۾˸ԻȪйкȻһڳǹ
ǹǿҷϢʮԴηս⡢ʬ־
ÿһս򣬻ǴӶ
˷ӵȻлۣޱȵƽг
ǹ˺գڿռŹ
˲Ϣ䣬һ޼ʵĻȪ˻Ĺݺύɢֲľ
ϹĻȪ֮ӣֱӱ汾Դյøɺԣİ׹飬ȫޱȵĹ׾˺ѣ̨顣
׹ɽ̮عѡ
Ȫ翪ʼϵķ飬޺һɹг
صˣŻȪϺԨ˿ûмֻǿɫ޵Ŀ⣬һ˿
ɫʱͷųϢȻԽԽ࣬ϵҲʼԽԽֲ
ս꣬һȫ
Ҳʼ仯ģͬЯĸս⡢·һֲ棬޾
䣬һǹ̳޾ңԶı˶ˣ֮ǳ涼ڲֲ֮Ŀռ籩ʼϯ
Яʮ취Ŀռ䣬Ǻӱ˶˺ȥ
ˣɫһ䣡
ɫʩչһУںеʮ취˵Ѿʮ죡
䣡
ӷˣռ䣬ķͼɫǰȴһ˿ʮ֮һ

ֻ֪Ǻӱ˶˵˾ֵ
ɳʮ֮ķڰǰڣ㹻·ˣʮ취֮ڻͨٳɵݣ
䡪
ҫ۵Ĺâ̴һС
ӣʧ޵ǹâУֻеġʥ䡷ſµĹâδڸǣһ

һ̣еľʧ
ʱһȫĹڵأ弸ѡ
ղźɫ޵һʮ취ֻǿһۣͲһ㽫ȫϡ
ȻˣҲȫ֮һ


1694 Ľ
վһʯϣظص³һ
ղĿúɫ޵һǽ˲ϢĸоҲȫĵ𺳡
һ·ϣ̫̫࣬ܶѾڵȻʯ·ϵЩ龰ͬܵḷ̌պкô
Щ۸ֱʵ߲࣬ȴõıƸˡ
ȻһʲƸӦûԳ֮ΪĽ֮һ
֮ǰڷ֮Уɫ˵Ӧ
̤ʯ·һΪʯ·Ѿ˾ͷһ̤ա
̤Ƭ֮ʱо龰һ䣬ƺһĺɫռ䡣
ɫռ䣬ÿ£УԼĺģһɹɰںɫռʡ
ЩֲͬɫֱΪҺɫ̫ɫɫͻȻһеĻҺɫȻǺ֮
ɷ򣬶Ժ֮Ϊ˽⣬Ȼϴ
ɫҲӴ칬ϰ䡷ʱ򣬽Ӵ
ɫǾԴ
֮ʵԴͷҲǡ֮Դ
ԴԴͷҲǡ֮Դ
ôһʾԴͷҲ̫֮֮Դ
СԴ֮ɫռȫС
Դ֮ȫΧڿռĳһ㻺תţȥһ㣬ռȫŤŤռһΰɫҺ徲š
ΰɫҺ壬ɢһԨ纣ϢΧգ·Ϊ̺ĿȫŤԴ֮ת
һѪ
Ѫ֮УĴϢͬʱ̺˿ֲ־֮
һѪɢϢʮϤϤϢȴ
Щʯ·Уÿնڸ·ܵһУ·ڸ·һս
ԣ·˵ϢޱϤǰңԶУһǳѪӡ·˵ĿֲϢ
ûв´Ļһ·µѪ
Ѿ˰ʱ䣬̺ĺ쾫ûɢ㣡
֮෴ǣرԴϢ֮£貣ʱеԺ
⡭޼Ѷȷ֮Ľ·µһѪ
սȭͷͨͨš
ɫ˵ģĽ֮һһ֮Ѫ
ǳɹ⼸죬һ·˳ʯ·ģʯ·ص·˵ļ䣬Щ䣬ֻǸ򣬴ߣȻޱȴ޷ڶʱһηԾ޷ӱϸıʣ޷øӿֲ츳
ʯ·һ֮Ѫȴȫͬˣ
·ڰǰǸʱУ޾սʮ취򣬶ҳʮ죬Լĵ
ƤĤѪıأԶӡиַ⡣
磬֪жٴ˵ǰǿߵĹѨӺر⣬þ˴С
˵ķǷһѪУ̲صĶǳ
סĵļһ̤ǰƽǵ֮Ѫ
УԴ֮ΪĵŶЩԴ֮ƽʵΪΣա
֮ÿһƶǳ崥ֱӾͻᱻѹ顣
̫֮һ̺̫һ͵Щע壬ֱӻὫһߵ˲仯
ھԴǾԴͷߵľ֮ΪܲסµֱӾ֮ɰ׳ա
ڣֿ͵ıԴ֮ȴû谭ǾΧΧľѪʢ٣
һһÿһ̤ᵢܾã·˼ʲô
ʱǵ֮Ѫ·ʲôˣʼƵ
Ĺĵ㣬ȫѪҺ֮һͬһѪٻٻǰָоֱӴģ޷Դ
ʱһȻ𣺡֪ʲôô
һȻͷ
ȴԼԶһڼսʿֳֳǹһ֮УڼսʿǷ֮еĺɫޣ


1695 ֮Ѫ
ǰ

֮Уɫ޵нɱԼԺɫޣȴĵء
֪ʲôô
ɫ޿ǵصѪһΡ
ûв´·ˣµһѪҺ
㵹ǴⲻһѪ
ɫû³ѪԴ߹ʯ··ʮϴ²Ѫ·µģôҲûʸͨ޼Ѷȵķ֮ˡ
û˵ĵȴźɫ˵ȥ
ɫ̾һ˵Ѫģ꣬ȡһξѪʮ֮һ˿Դ¯֮Уʮ취۶ɵķ֮ʮÿһַ֮𣬶մѪһ꣬Ѫܹʮʱ䡭
ɫ˵ţȻһһѪʮꣿʵе𺳡
·ʮѪ
о˼飬·־ܣʱ䣬ǳȻ˵ޱƳΪһѪĴкķʮʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ɫҡͷҲǣֻǽѪ¯֮Уʮ취ٲôάַ֮ʮ꣬¯Լġ
ԭˡ˵ͷȻ˵·ȫ̼Ѫ֮еķ֮Դȡ·˱һԽǿߣЩж౦󣿼ֱ
ںɫ޵֮УһЩֵĵطɫ޳ƺ·ΪԭΪɫ޻·µӰĳƺȴƺĲ²⡣
ǰղŶ·˵ĳƺ
̲ס棬̽Եһ䣬ɫ֪ʲôƽĵ֮Ѫģ·˵ıӵʮңһµĻ

΢΢ľµĻǿ·˵ʵˡ
лǰ
һ񣬺ʣɫ޻ΪԼܹõеĻԵĳ˵Ҳǰݺɫ͡
ȥȡѪɣĽ֮һ
ɫ˵仰תȥӰʧĺڰ֮С
һߵǵ֮ѪǰŻѪ
֮ѪĹУоԼȫѪǣӿХ
ǿѹڵѪ궯Ȼ˫֣ץ֮Ѫ
֮Ѫһ̣оԼסһȵ̫
һɹɺӴ֮Ѫﴫ
֮Ѫӿϣ಻ӿȥ
սһľԪѪǺεȵӴһѪ̲صľͬǳ಻
Ѫޱȳأеʱ޿ײˮһ㣬ëѨУ
һʱ䣬Ǳ͵壬Ȼʼڷ·ֹ£
ĹѪƤĤÿһϸڹཡཱུıӴ
ֹʮƳֻоԼѪ֮У·ҽʣ
ͣ
оԼѪ⣬ڱѪ֮еǿգ
֮ѪȻһһ㱩ӿûзգĻþҲ֮Ѫ

һ񱩵󣬸ֳһӰǸ߿ķӰҲ֣
ڵѪ·˾ѪĻ֮£ˣ
ǵʵɫĳޣҲһЩѪϡ٣дԵޣɾŴķˣԱ
·ǰҲֵһᣡ
ֻ·˵һξѪ㼤ڵ֮Ѫ
Х˳ǽڷžžı죡
е棬һɹɸӿֲϢ֡
ЩϢȻѪӡһսӡǣԼһЩޱȵķ֮
޾طŲɣϢƤĤѪӿ
ʯ·ϣ֪Ķٴս
д
Щ򣬴ɬʣֻƤëƬķȴͬûУһʱ򲻳
ڣ֮Ѫ̺һЩʹսֱӿ
ɬĶʼڴε
顪
һսӿҲı仯Ӹˮģ·һߣͷ˳ɫ
ӿ޼ıơ
顪
һ䣬̣ȫΪɫףÿһطϵ˸绡
ЯŻֽȻͬϢ´أһ߽̿һȴ߷ӨӨ̲ݣ
顢顢顭
һɹµŷҲˮһò
·Ǳǰޡ
ÿһơӶı仯
ͬʱգŷһӰ£˰Ťضޱȡ
ԺսɡԼһЩáת磬֣Ѹٵǿ
ǿǰΪǿЩƣȴǲͬ
˿̵ǿһȫǿ󡣶һЩ˵սɡһЩüɣһЩļս־ҪʱĻ۲ܹӵС
˿̵ȴѾջһӴĻۡ
ԭԽŷԽԽӿԽԽ
ϱ仯ӣۣơҲ͡
󣬷ġۣγһصӰӰͷֲֳۣͬÿһӶһͬķ򣬳ֲֳͬɭȻһڡ׵ơ
Ӱתĸϣһ̣ϳصӡ
Щӡ֮ǰڼսͺɫϵӡΪƣ̺
ͬʱĹҲз˸һƤĤγ˷ףͷʼȫǽڣҲžžı֮бθߣ
ȻСߣȫ⣬Ҳ
ͺǣڼ·˾Ѫ֮һα
ǡ
Լ˫ֻ֣֣ͬӡ֮ѪںХƺȫ̺òҪй
𣡡
ƥ񽣣ֱأΪһŭ
һ̣оԼѾ̥ǣ


1696 
µ壬֮ѪȻȫѪ֮УȴûбգӦ˵յֻһС֣иԴԴϵľ֮С
ϡһӡɫԽԽͬʵѪͣ˸
оԼ壬ܲסɿֲҪըѿ
ݣ
һ̣޴й֮Ѫͬ籩һľ֮磡
ԭֻһöС֮ѪѪΣľ֮Уȴݻϵĺɫ
ɽĺɫˣ
ľ֮У׵ı̻ս飬֮Ѫȫû
ǹս飬ԡ֮ѪУ֮Ѫľӿǹս֮Уֻо֮һԺʹ
֮ѪУ̺·˵־Ҫ־˵ɵ飡
ˣ
սĳ
ͺս޷־ĶѹҪѿһ㣡
ҧ֧ţı̻սѾСɶ壬ƽɾ磬֮Ѫ·־ϴ󣬳ɾͱ̻ģ
ܱƽ̻Բ
־ϴʱͻȻﴫľʹƺһڵأ
磬ɫ䣡
ʱɽȱ˳ƽɣеƲʶǹһѪ忪ˣ
ɺɫ˳Ʋɵĳı߽磬߽磬ʱֲ쳱˺ѣ磬ϵչţ
һɲǣд󾪣
߽չζҪͻƾ磡
ҿ͵ļƣһͻʥǲܣ
ǾڼǰŸոճɾڣ˶ݵʱ䣬ֱ벽ʥһС磬ﵽʥڣʵ̫ˡ
䣬Ҫѭ򽥽
Ϊ֮·ΪۻҪ򣬾似ܶţѹΪֱʵ޿йŻˮɵͻƣһ硣
Ҳһֱˣƾɣ񺣣䣬ÿһȴ򣬽̵£Ƿ򣬻似ʽԶͬߣ
ڣոͻڣֱӿ벽ʥﵽʥĸȻһʱ任ǿսպֲȴҪĴʱ侫òʧ
뵽ҧأȫӲѹ֮ѪĿֲ
ͣ
磬а֮һϵķ֮ѪУеľһԴҲӿ磬γɻĹŲģӹ߽ͬʱҲӡ֮ѪϣҪѪжѹ
Ȼ֮Ѫǿƥͬʱа֮Ҳѹƣ
Էӡ֮ѪǵܹӡҲΪޡ

һ죬߽ٴα飡
ӿĺɫ⿪ű߽֮Ļռ䣬ȥͻʥǳ飡
ҰĿ磬ȴͬٻĸ
ؼʱ̣һһ̣ͷĺɫշ·˺貵ǻһкϡ
һſŵҫ۵ǳſţͷҫ
ʮƾԪϵѾ֮ѪĿֲҪϵ
ĵǣΪݣÿͻһ磬ҪһɲٻǳҪõǣ֮Ѫ
Ȼ֮Ѫǿƥ֮
ͣ
ȫƤԡɫǻ֮Уȫӿ
ԥĿϸ췣ƾǳ֮ӲĽǺһ֮Ѫָ
ǳ֮֮£ӿĺɫγɾŵɫˮһ磬Ѫ֮У
ϵĻľŴ
Ŵֻϸ췣ѾȫζûУһʱ䣬ľŸطҫ۵ǻԣǻԣ֮Ѫһ𣬾ǱѪɫ֮
һ̣·ԼҲһǳ
ǣδߴͬ޵׶һ㣬֮ѪϺɫУܿʧ
ѹȻһᣬ֮УǾŴڣʼԣߴδĵγ߸ʺɫĵΡ
Σ翣֮ѪĿֲĴ޷ĿϢ
գ֮á
ڴڼ䣬һֱ߶Ƚǳ֮֮Ѫ̺Ŀֲ߷ڴڼ䣬ս黹־ϴ񣬲ϵĵõ
֪䣬ս貣
ڵ߷ΣҲԽԽһۿȥѪɣ̺ſֲѪ֮
һ˿֮Ѫֻ֮оȫѣҰģ
Ķһ£ͬʧȥʶһ㣬ֱˤڵء
ҹĳģľȫ͸֧ʱ֮˯ȥˡ
֪˯˶ã۾һԼ˫֣˫ۣǷصķӡѾûˡ
ȻǲʧֻûѪ֮УֻҪ֮Щӡͻ¼¸Ƥ֮ϡ
ͨЩӡԸõĵ޷սһΣ
ߣҲظԭӣϵۼҲʧˣ֮Ѫԭûκ
֪ԼѾһʵķԾ
ΪĿѹ֮£һС磬ﵽ˰벽ʥ
ڵ벽ʥֻ˼ʱ䣬Ȼٶ̫ЩϾֻһСĲֲ࣬ѡ
ս飬Ҳ־ϴ֮£ͻ˱̻Сɣﵽ̻ɣѾӽ̻Բ
֮⣬ջ񣬻̺֮ľŷ
ϸ췣õ֮Ѫ֮Ѿһ㵭ĺ⣬ͬѪȾĺһ㣡
߷Ȼֻγ˵Σûպҩ⼸ȴ࣬ҿĵҲǿ
һվо̺֮ſµƺȲҪй
֮ѪʵȻһηԾ磬֮оŷͬһʱӿ˿ֲԣ޷ʱӦ
⵼ڵϢЩңͬʱа֮֮춴ϢϢ
ҪЩڻͨиķǾսǿȵսܹԼսеһ
뵽˫Ŀ֮Ƶս̤·ĵĲȥ


1697 ɫǹ
ջɵģبŵĻƻ衣
ſѪɫ̫ʣûڸ߿ղĻУһɹ

صһߣһɹʮĿ磬һƬڡ
عͺͺģɫɽȲĻߵˮŤ
صһߣȴǱѩ磬ɭ֡ɽװع鲼ɭ
Ⱥͺ䣬ƬŹֵĴμ࿹ɷǹ졣
OO@@ȻӱԭԶ
ֻңԶĵƽϣ¶ɽɫٽһ㣬ǺȻһֻӴޱȵɫѸС
һ·Ѷһıɽ顢ѹڱԭһĿĵĿ
ͷϣ̫緢أֻͷϴŵѾб·ҲмɫѪգɱսĹ̲ɣ
̫ӵ󣬽еˣһ¿һǼĿ࣬˫Ŀ侫âˡ
˺ۣƺĳ
¿ҲûյЦݣһüë֪˭ȥһ룬ӿȥɷǹ졣
̤ĵĲ㣬ѶȶȻһΣһ֧ӢСӣһСģҲҪս
һЩа壬нϵĿʵ
ʶ֮ǰЩѡ˷֮˼Ѷȵǣ֪ĲдԵҲҼˣҪ˻ص㡣
һ˻ص㣬Ҳζǵˡ
¿̫ӵСӣǿǿϣߵҲ˲ҵɱ
̫ӵ£ϢͬѰ¿ŹԶ𽻼Ĵأɻ˵
ĸܵһɳħ
̫ӵߣһһƴͼĻһòɫʹճĵΡ
ŵͼڲͼʵҲһοãֵΪĲռ䣬ԽľˮκһﶼһЩ챦ÿһʱ䶼Щеشƶ任ʶÿΣգԵõĻԵͬ
һѴۻƵĵͼһõҲˡ
΢΢ü˵̫ӵ£¿ԽĲΣվԽ࣬ڵĲСУѾǱȽˣղѾһսЩˣ¿˵Ϣλø룬ǹȥĻ»Σա
ĲԽΣԽ࣬ӦĻԵҲԽ
ڵĲжΣѾкܶСӵĳԱΪΣն䣬Ǻܶ˶ĲжΣǻȥȴڵĳ֡
ڶ£ڣֱӳĲжΣĲĺΣȫѰ֮أԵҲɱķʵȥûʵˡ
һУߵĲˣҲֻȼ֧СӶѣ̫ӣһ֧
̫ɫ仯ƺȨף󣬻ԵУۿǰĻԵߣôģ
΢΢ԥ̫ӳһ;ԭܶ˿ԵãۿԵǰȡô䣿ȥ
̫˵䣬۾ﱬâӴϢɢķһָ
µԣо˵Хһڴʯ˷˻Уӿٶȣָ̫ķѣӴ˺ѿĺХһ·ϲ֪ײ˶ɽ壬ض˶ٺ
¿ǽоſˣһǽһȻֻǰ벽ȴҲнʵչһ·Ͻ档
ԼĪһӵʱ䣬ٶͣһںڹѵĽϡ
һɹĪɵӴϢ֮ϴ
ֻУһɹɱͻХžһţΧ£һɽСīķʯϡ
ʯΧصľ޴ģڳ˸
̫վڸ߸ߵϣܿ޴ʯĶʯ룬ƺһ
ͨڣֻһɳ̣̫ӴûмôСȫۼȻצڵ۾ķѲĿͬ磬йŨҵѪϢ
̫һô
ؾѾڰ꣬һܴôãοǰֻһɳֱ̣˼
̫ӣ¿оſӣסˣ
ǶһۣǺȥһ龰ȴͬ
ʲôںɫʯ룬һڵĳǹŨƴħ֮УħɺӰڿз衣
ǹһɳڵǹɢűصĽǹͷǶھʯ룬УˣźɫʯܸܵǹͷǷƥϢ·˺Ѻǧ֮⣬ܸоһâ·ͷʱ׹䣬ɷ۳ļ¡
ǡ
̫סˡ
ղŵĺֻǵĻþεĺɫħ˺
һ˿˵ǿˣ˶ˣͷͬѰˣ
ԵǹѵΪǹ̺ϣڿһ۵ˣֱ϶ǹһ
һǹƷ³鱦
̫ҲͫĿЩ۾˸̰Ĺ⡣
ͻһۿ˺ɫǹʵ֮УĺɫеǹΪƣ
һǹͷǱѰˣ
ҵǹ̫ӵµĻԵҲǵĴԵ
ſսƴĵͼȫ
¿һڿˮϾҲǹĸ֪̫֡ߣôõĶֲҲܸźȵ
Ȼ̫ӵǷģǹҲ̣ҵҲǹһὫǹʸǲĽ
̫Ӿ֮ͨȻʲôġ
̫ӣȥȡſԾԾԵ˵
Сĵ㣡
̫ӵͷ׿ϡ
ſ΢΢ѹסеļƮǰһ֮վǸ˺ɫǹһĨֽ䣬ӽָ֮зɳ߰ɫĿܣ߿ܶǽĿʦڲУҲܷӳڵʵ
ԣһڵĿܣʵڲֵһᣬӲκս̽·ȴʲˡ
ſ²⣬ɫǹô׾õֵģһ·ɳڣҲǱóȻȥȡرܿܰװԿ̽·Ϊʣ
ݣݣ
߿һһҵĳɫǹ
ǽӽɫǹһɲǣǹΧۼħͻȻһӰ߿ܣֻһ˲䣬ͽ߿ܸʴøɸɾ
ſһ˼Ȼǹôȡģı
תҪѰ취ʱͻȻɫ䣬Ŀǹɿֲħڸʴ߿֮󣬷·ǻƵģܵɱ


1698 Ѫ
κȻֵܷ嵽˭Ҫˣ
ſɫ䣬弱˳ȥȻٶ̫ˣֻһɳͬɫ磬תۼ׷˾ſ
ſһֽгһؽһնǺӰ
ſΪû¿ߣ츳ϣҪ¿һ㣬ҲܵõһˣؽնȵĻХһ˳
ȻǺӰܲˣֱӳƬĺ󣬽忪ûɢſȫɣ
ſһʱɢֽ䣬ͳһźںɫķȻӰʵˣھſķ֮ǰһҧ˾ſ
ͣ
ӰΪѪȺӾſ䡢ӡϵÿһ˽ȥ
һֻſʼ˻ȫ׳ӿʼѸٸɱȥ
ſ
ղŷһУֻһɲǵ飬̫ɫ΢΢ףȴǰ
ҴһڴҵͷܣΨ־µĺ
ģ
̫ҧгݣȴҲΪֻסȫϢΨֱ
һһǣһŸƤһŸոͳȴδüʹõķžɢ䡣
һĻ¿ȫ˸Ѿ߳亹ҿղųֵĲ³ö٣ʵֻȾſǿһ㣬Ϊޡ
еӰ˾ſȫԪѪ֮ɭɭ˫ͫɢ̰â̫Ӻ¿
һĿ⣬¿̫׹ѣ
ſѣĿţӣҳ֣ǺӰٶǿóȫܣҲǺӰٶȵɣգ۾ͻᱻ׷ϣ
µľǺӰǣںӰһ˫۾Ƕʱɫ
ǣǲҶ
ǺӰ㶢̫Ӻ¿һӵʱ䣬ֱ̫Ӻ¿ͷ󱳶Ѿˮһβɻ˾޴ʯ˺ɫǹ֮Уʧ
ֱһ̣̫Ӻ¿ص³һ
ǸоȫѾȫȫ·ˮ̳һȾһս̶̵ۣһӣǶͬһǰ
¡
¿ɫ԰ף΢΢вǰߵķӦȷ˺ö١
صħ֪ħôγɵġӰɱ̫ˣЩԩߵԹ۳ôصħ
ӰҲ顭֮ǰûǹֻʱǴֻǺһգۣǺûǹǾͿǹˡһҲǹûǹ棬Ƿɾ裬ǹȥҪѪʳ
ýƻЩǲ֪ɱ˶˽ܣô˽֮Ѫ֪˶֣ǣҲҪѪ⣬ȴûй
ҲĳֹԼưɣ粻ˣɹ֮࡭
¿̫Ӷ־ǿ֮ȻղűŵɫΣȥ֮Ǻܿ侲˺ܶණ
ô죬𣿡¿ŰǹȻõǹҲǹԼԦģοǹ֣ԼֵֵܷҲ࣬ǹ͸ˡ
ΣոջһԱȣ¿ȴ֮ġ
̫ӣȴ촽ӣʲôȻ֪Σռ󣬵ʹ˷ȴġ

գգ
ڵĲжΣ˸ովһĶǵ֮ǰһͷվԳ
ͷվԳֱǸȫϣȻëƤû˵ĹֻನĻԪ
ôֲĹԭϾʮҿվԳеͣʱеһʩչƭ˽վԳնյ
֮Ѿȫ亹ֽű
磬飬ûģǵӣܣǹǶֱҼµˣ˵еһ˵
ܱɾ裬ǽվԳᷢƭˣʱ׷ӱŭǵٶȣԸϲǿΪ
ţҪϽ뿪ǿǰ飬ֱޱ߾ľԼò
Ŀȫһʮ˶ϱ£Ĵ
ïҶһƬСԭĹ߹˵谵ҹ
ˣ·綫һֵ֧ܣһ·Ž˵Ĳռ䡣
û뵽һΣգһ
໣
ʱɭ֮Уһ޵µϿֲ纣Ϣͷĳˢһʱ䣬ľۣ
걻Ϣһ壬һʱɫ԰ף֪ýǸˣнվԳǰδ֪ĿΣգһʱάȣ
䡪
ɭͻȻһµıըо޵˻Уֹͬ
һĲԶ·һ̫ɢҹâϾ̹ᴩʡ
֮ǿŶоëȻ
磬ǰ񡭡¡
˵ĵܵѾͷˮܲ͸ɭ֣ڸһ顣
ɭ֮кڽŲҵɱ
ֵãȻ֪룬ŹʮϢʱ䣬ɭսƺѾȥǿһӰӴԶïܵһԾǰֱʣƺʲôڿͻȻתֱ
źһ죬ͬʯֵǰȵôһѣ
ɢĳž˵Ѫζʮĺı
һֵ̣ǰȻվһ·ǵι
ɢǰɫѪѪգȫźɫۼףۼ׾Բףƺ֮гġ
һ࣬ǲġ
ιתͷɢڳڱ˵˫ͫ˿ֲľâ
˫ͫһۣŶʱŵûɢʣǾԲǰι
Էһɲǣɱǡ
ǶʱһָоԼҪˣ
ʱιȴûг֣촽˶ʵǡ֪ﻹиǿһĹ𣿡
һι˵ǹ
ǡһˣ
ܾܵУʶһ㣬дϲϸŷ֣ǰȻȫԡѪɲҲƺֻйŻеۼףףȴЩ졣
ϸ˼Ϣʱ䣬˶ʱĿࡣ
ü񣬵ӣǡ
һǿڳһ㣬ָι˵֡
ôû뵽ιﾹȻ


1699 Ĳ
ֵܣȫûϳԭߵĸ֪ϸ̽ȻڷǴ󣬵Ǵʱȫɫۼףΰθ˰ߣͷֳͬҰһ㡣
ȫۼףѪˮȾ죬ϲˣʵڿһߣɱħһ㡣
ټֵ֮ǰվԳŵ÷ণһɷǳ֣ΨһķӦˣҪˡ
ֱǲһ˿ûв´Ļ֮ǰɭǿֲսģ
ĹżţиǿĹ
ˣͣȫûзӦֹɱñͷܣȴиǿĹ
Ҫ
΢΢üĲռΪѰΪ
ǳɹ֮У֮ѪΪ֮Ѫʵ̫ӴȻǿ˾ŷ֮Уɵ֮еԪԪԪңа֮֮춴֮ķϢܵӰ죬һš
ôҵҪ˳ǣ֮ںϣҪϵս
ڵĲУšӢܶŬѰͬʱĹ͸Σա
ȴһȻĲ㵱أѰҹսͬ£ĥԼ֮Ѫĸսɺս⡣
ǳɹе˲ʱ䣬ڸĲ㲻ãһͳǸޱ޼ʵɭɭĹҲ࣬ɱһһҹȴоĹпɣʵȴ⡣
һ֮ѪЩ֮С
ʶߣֱʶԷиǿĹ
ʱź¡¡ľ죬ԶĵƽϣһֻɶߵĽվԳֱ
ͬıţٶȿ쵽ԭߣֻգ۾ͱܵ˾˲ɵĵط
һ˲䣬ɫ
𡭡վԳ׷ˣ
⣡ֿӣ
ŴţǻûӦʱ򣬾ߣѪȶħͫһ˿Ƶս⣬һˣƤĤһĪĻ棬һֱǽվԳӭȥ
һʱˣܶʱˡ
վԳʵֱȴӭ˹ȥ
Ǻɣһɱǿ¾һ˲飬ԽվԳһûĹȥֻΣ
䣡
޴ĳһһԳмŷ
ҫ۵âͬһֱʣ
վԳһʹȻһȭؿڣع΢΢ݣ
һ߹ǣȭͷӲҶˣ
ȭȭͷ
ˣݺݵĳ鶯һ£ǿ֪ǹģȫ˵ֺĽվԳȻȭͷ
ѵҪվԳⲫ
𣡡
վԳŭˣ
ƺΪһȭͷ˶ŭϡ
վԳһץȻٶȿ磬ӰһվԳһץͬʱҽصĲ̤ڽվԳԳ֮ϡ
Գֱۣϣתۼ䣬Ѿ˽վԳ޴ͷ­ǰ
䣡
һȭһȭվԳ
ȭͷ˺գأÿһȭ̺
׻֮
֮
ǣ
ɷ

ͬȭͷϽ֣ھҵĺУֲͬڻںϣ
ⲫսͺñһʹʹֲͬЩڻͨ
ܹȭȭ⣬ֱӳֳЧã
һʱ䣬⣬ףѪ죡
ڰ֮⣬ۿǾ춯صս΢ţ
ʵ̫ˣֱеȻվԳⲫ
䣡
ȭٿ쵽˼£վԳֲ̫ȭͷ֮Ҳܸˡ
һȭȭۻĴվԳ࣬ѪĤȴ˳صˡ
ȻĽⲫ֮Уٶٿ죬Ҳʼ޷ܽվԳȫĹ
һȭ˽վԳƤϹ۾ʱ
վԳͻȻһһıϣ
꣡
һ죬ĺɫۼףʵʵĳһ
µĳͬǳײڵһ㵹ɳȥֱҶ˼ʮòص˵£ʯɽף
⡭⡭
Ŷɫͣһ࣬վԳУʲô
¾ʥĽǿߣҲҪĵķѰɣ
ǵͷոԺûоǲǸϷͷܣʱĵطȻһ죬ȫȾѪͻһʯ˳
ıۼף˺ܶ࣬ȴûȫѿ߰Ѫۼл˳
ۼףͬһ㣡
ۼ֮ƿķģ޴ĳϮԲݼܴݵ֮У˵Ĥ࣡
ǽվԳһĻˡ
ͼΪͬսһһǰ
վԳˣˡ
ڣܲסĿѹһϼĿɿڴ飬Ȼתˣ
ӡˣ
վԳ̫ޣȻȭͷˡ
궼Ī
ʱֱ̤׷ȥ
վԳȻԵͣٶޱȡ
ֻ˺ܶ࣡
Ϣʱ䣬ͱ׷ϣңԶĵƽ⣬ٴսһţ
ûгվԳ
ȭȭ⣡
ڣ˵ۻýվԳѪƬѪһ
֪˶ȭ֮һߵĽվԳӲıҵ౬飬
վڽվԳʬϣһͳڵֽ󣬶˻
ϼţȫȾѪ߻ѾǸεѣԳĿѹ
ʵǣϵɷ̫أټϺɷа֮ļӳ֣εγһվΧڣԳܣ
¹˽ܣҲ⣡
иǿĹ
Ѿǵοѯˡ
ָѾȷϣ̬ҪĲսģ
ҪĿѹͲѰΪսֱǷӣ
ĲĹǿĲ㣬Խ룬ԵԽ࣬ΣҲԽ󡭡Ĳ̫ӣк׵С⡭ûû֧СӸҹȥġ
еĴ磬ΡΡ˵ָһĲ


1700 
ĵ㣬õ֮󣬶ǵ͵Ĳ㣬ͬһˣýĵʱ䶼࣬ʶǼһĲģͣҲܺܿҵһͬ飬ʱСӡ
ֻΪʯ·ĵʱ̫ãȵĲʱ򣬺ܶѾսüˡ
Ĳ𡭡֪ˡ
˵ͷתŵĲȥ
ХѪ˱ǣıӰͬһ˱ֱıǹһ㣬ããϣƽһɱ֮
գµƽߣҹˡ
ͬҹ֮еɭ֡ԭֱǰʲôа壬ǹͽⲫ
ԽĲжΣźν
һƬںɫҹ֮еɢɵĺЩ֮У̺žǿߺͻĹʬúɢϢϢ;ֻһڣͻȫڣ
˿ֲĺлĹ߶ԣյеյأ
һСƿˡ
ȴֱ룡
ͣ
һֻӰֱ֣һ޴̣֮ϣʹĶħӰħ֣
ħڶڿתһ޴УĺħУɾ
أ
̶Ķ֮Ϊ֮еĺһɫĻ֣ǰعӰ
һ޴ʬӸཬ̽޴ԴõĴ죬ܸʴĺ
һĻĻ龰ȴһ˿΢Ц
ĲĹ֣ȻûʧʵҪĲΧ
һа֮ȫϢ󣬸ֳа֮Ӱ׻֮žž˸ţ
ǻ棬˹һһֻ棬ǰĹӰֱȥ
䣡
µ𣬻ڣ׵紩һ׻𶴴ҷ
µڿը죬ʬţõþ׻֮Ѹٵɣ
ݡ
һ죬ƺһ˲䣬һʶԺ
ԺжʱһͷĲɶ
ɶˣ
һĲɱƺûע⵽ɶȵ
ԭ֮ͨźɶѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬·㣬ֻýһ㣬ɶûӡ
ڵĲ㣬ɶʮﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
֣ѾǼޣɱĹҲˡ
⣬ĲɱԭͲΪɶġΪԼ
ɱɣ
ɱɱɱ
ЦһħȺУ˫ȭɨ׻Хһɱʮ

սԼʱ򣬶ĲĺڰʯϿգ̫Ӻ¿ȴڴ˵زߡ
ǲ̤ɫʯҲҿڰǹǾʹ뿪ֲġ
̫ӵ£ʮɡĲ㵽ͨͻῪǱ취ˣҪôֻܷǹˡ
¿̽Ե˵ʵ⣬ϾڰǹȡȥܵõĺôҲΪޡ
Ҫ
̫ɫĲһ޴ĳΣߴӳεһ˽룬ԽһߣԽĲ㣬ΣԽ󣬶һ˵Ĳ㵽ͨĲжο
Ҳ˵ֻҪߵĲжΣѾԵˡ
ȵͨʱǻҪ۷ȥҲҪʱ䡣
˵ˣĲɶҪɱ㹻Ĺǲɶѣǿɲôֻͣ󣬱ܿЩֲļһ
̫ҲԥʱԶͻȻ˼ƿ
̫ӾͷԶԶͿҫ۵Ļ᳤ա
ǵصĻ浱Уһ۵һֻϣ߷ɶݹ
ӵ󣬻һȫɫУɢ·ǻ԰ҫ۾âսʿ
սʿһ·񱼣ͬƽʵأ䣬̤ۿɱĲƵ·ʾ˷Ƿʵ
ף̫۾֮ɫʱ̣ӾȻҲˣԩ·խ
Ҳ֮УеĲСӣݹеߣҲѡȼ֧׵Ķ֮һ
һҲɡ
Ȼ䣬̫Ժһ¶֮ɫʱֱףɱڣ
ߵ¿£ңһϷ
¿ᣬҲһһңڳɭȻƣİǹסȻŻɶݹʵӺףԼʵսʿƺʱҪս
ôҪô
º̫˽䱸Ƿһ˿Ц⣬òôţǾϵе㲻ǢҲһͿսɣӦ֪ʵ޼˭Ҳֲ˺ã
ЦһʱƳ¿̫ǧԶľ޴ɫʯʯϵĺ
д󾪣ȻҡͷԣһǹǳԽ鱦ıһԵ
ǹ׵۾һӾˣ
ٿסԼҪ̫Ӻ¿Ƿһ˿Цֲô裬ԭбڴˡ
ףⰵǹѾҵˡɡ̫䣬ź׳
ȴû̫һֻۣȵĿⶢеİǹĳЩ
Ĳռ䣬һ·ѰһԵǵΪֹҲֻɵ겻̫ҩּ˼ϹŹĲƪЩջ񣬶ú⡣
ֱĲһɺƴϢžֱ˽ȵǵ̫Ӻ¿ˡ
Ŷԣⶫֻң׷ཱུЦݲãͻȻһԾֽгһɫѪһ¿̫ն˹ǵصĵ⣬̫Ӻ¿֡
ͬʱչֵ壬ٶȾȻ磬õס¿̫ӣ˾ֱ򰵺ǹ˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬ۿҪ̤ϺɫʯȴԼ֣ܾʲôԾⱦֻô
᲻̫óģ
ʱ۽ǵⶸȻƳ·ڵĴϣȻһŸɱƤҵǣƤѾ壬ȴȷϣЩƤµġ
ո
׶ʱо鲻
ΪصĵͽҲɵӣӲֹסӣ屩˿
ת˲䣬׾˻ԭλûоڰǹǶͷȴֱð亹ղţڹŹһ
Цһ׿̫ӵĿɱɭɭٺ٣㵹Ǻƣ
̫ӲΪ⣬ҲȻʶơǿϧˣ
̫Ӹںףֻû뵽ؼʱ̾Ȼ׿˶ߣӹһ١
Ƿһ˿ʲôãµòڰǹǡ
˵ͻȻһ٣תͷңԶʣһϢڷٿ
˼ˣ


1701 ݺ
µٶȼ죬ԭߣתѾǰǧԶ
˵ģ̫ӺͺȴȻһ
ȫԡѪɱڣǶһϳ˵ݣɣ
Ȼ
̫ӵı粻ᵥΪͶκ֮ģ֮ͨţ̫ӶΪɵ
С
̫ߣ¿ҧгݣΪʹޡ
̫һ˲˺ɫʯ֮Ͼſɢʬǡ
׿Цô㻹ʬһѣΪϵ
̫һ⣬ٺЦдˣֽǳɹõʲôѵ㲻ҪôܹǹɱЩǵˣʱ򣬾òڰǹõϵĶҲǴջ񣡡
̫һ˵ú׵¶һ˿̰⡣
ȷǳɹĽһԡǳɹеʲôζҪ֪
˵ǳɹǼʮ궼δ̤ıأȴܽУ붼Ҫۺ죡
ǿ·µĶ
ǳɹĽһЩ鱦֮ĶǾ֮ܽΪУ
ǵҩҲпܰΪޣ޷һʱ̷Ҳ
һЩЩǺҲòĶҲûϵ
Ϊˣܵõϵᣬʵȴ˱̬˵Ͼʲôܣ
뵽˶лȡ
Ƕһۣ˲γͳһսߣ̫ӵĽ飬¿޲ôкãûʲôգħǹаԵ˼£¿Ϊа취ֲħǹʱ˵øſһ³ѪⱻɣƤ
һ龰¿г죡
ں׺սʿǶװǲڽµҲǼޱȣܺǽԴϲ

ʱҲ̫Ӻͺ׵ˣ¿겻ɢļһͶɱġ
ţǡ
һ̫ӵľ޴ɫʯںɫʯ֮ϣǸħɭɭǹͫ΢
ǺɫеǸǹ
Ȼǵã֮źǳɹʯ·ϣĺɫޡɫ޵һǹǰһģһ
ȷϣǹǲ·˵֮һô˵ɫǹƷʣΪֹУ߼һ
˼һʱǹȻ
ûеһʱȡʲôж¿̫ӵ˵ķӦ
ЩȻͷ˺ɫǹȴǻںɫʯǧ֮⣬ûȡǹ˼лɡ
һתļ䣬ǰĳһһӡ֤Ծķ֣Χźɫǹǹɺصħ˴飡
Щ飬̺ŨصɷȻǰܶǾ֣ȴڰǹɱħ֮У޷
ǡħ֣
һħ֣Ҳǽǿߵ꣬Щȥǿߵ־ΪԼã
ǰ龰ֱǺڰǹһħ֣ɾµľѪꡢЩʵʣΪ˺ڰǹǿ󹥻ֶΣ
ͬħɱУڰǹһħɱУ
ѵħǹʶԼɣ
ʶһ㣬һ
Ʒ鱦飬ʶΪ棬ܹԼЩˣܸоǹħ̫أаúܣ
ʹо裬ṳ̂ǰһˡ
Сӣ
¿üͷһ壬Ѿϵƭû뵽ȻСĵ̶ֳȣۿǰȴͣڼǧ֮⡣
ĻҪڰǹɱȴϼѡ
ⲻֹô
̫ͻȻЦ˵żǧɾ룬˫ֱȭңң
̫һۣЦҸô
վ֮Уͬʦֵܶ໥ƣʱͱӣοԭͲôѺõİˣ˴˶޲öԷأɱ˶ᱦ
£ø̫ίߡ
̫ļȴΪ⣬ǹЦֹƺЩᰡһʼǲģôҶֹӵ츳ĺܰ
˵̫˵ȥ
ֹӣʵǺ뽻ѵģ˲˵ǶǴˣҲ֪̫ӣС̫ӡŵ߸պ󣬻ӣ߸̫֮䣬ΪңЩƣҲԡҺϣܽύһЩӢӮֵ˽֧֣պ·һƽ̹
̫Ӳ˵ⷬǺĳƺˣˡֵܡ
Ȼأ
ޱ飬˻ûš
ֵܿԿϲҵȻֵܰװæģԴΪḻֵܸȤĶڣһԵ컯ˣֵܣѵĺǹȤô
̫ǷŵЦ⣬붼֪ǹ֣ܶ˺ڰǹġ
Ĭ
ʱ׹Ц̫ӣ̵ǴþǴòĶôǹҪȡˣõȵô
̫ЦɣǹһȷʵȡֵܰæټϺ֣ȴܳɹ
Ŷô˵ʵ
̫΢΢ڵǹΣվǹֵħữɺߵѪǺֻһֻҪܹסǹȻ֣
סȡǹ֪ڻôңôҸȥȡǹΣ
̫˵䣬ͷһҪԣסˡ
֪̫Ӵʲộ֪̫ҪһȻϣ̫ӰԼһˡ
һ㣬ò
ŶЦЦ̫ӵ飬ƺԼʮôʵʩأ
̫ӵ򵥣ȰѺӰʵǿ˭ȥΣռȫķÿֵܳʦᣬʦֵܶ࣬ܲûиߵȼܰɣ
Уͷ
Ǿûˣ߼ܣټֵܵķӦǿºĵһ˻ǻվֵǰ棬´Ǻ
̫˵ţڰǹȥ˺ɫʯıԵشȷʵվǰҲǺıؾ֮·ϡ
Ȼȴ﷢飬һʱ䲻Ҹȥô̫ѡλöǳΣգ
̫תͷף¶Ц⣬ڵ֣ǲҹôԵǰȴηηβ


1702 ħ
üͷ֪̫Ӻ«ʲôҩ
ڵ£ڰǹԶȫġ
Ȼ֪̫һݺ֪̫ӵĴʲôڿ̫ӵλã˿Ǹ˺ڰǹһǹе걻ǾԻ׵塣
׳˹Ѿʮ־衣
̫ʱѾʼֲôˡ
ڶģĺڰǹֻṥͼȡˣ֮ǰſôģڲԶ̫Ӻ¿ȴȻ
Զĺڰǹ̫Ҳ﷢飬֪һᷢʲô
ľĲôȷʵõһ˿ҲΪ˱׼ߣ¿Ҳڰæ
̫ӵ£𣿡
¿ûףܸоĺܡ
֣תӣ֣ٴӳ顭
̫˵ţĿȴʼδ뿪ڰǹ󷨼ӳ֣ԺڰǹҲȫûеֿ֮·ʣҲܹ֧һʱ䡣
̫Ӷ棬׺ʿҲȫԸ׼ţ̺ϧķҲǲҪǮó
æͬʱȴʼƯǱԶĿ֪ʲô
󷨲ϣ̫תͷһۣ˵֣׼ˣܰɡ
ܣ
ͻȻЦһȴΪ
ڳ˵ǸĻ̥ҲĴ㡣
һֱţԼͻȻ֣͵Ϯ̫Ӻͺˣɱǵİж٣
һʼѹûǺȡǹɱǣȡǹĻǹԼҲ˼ɵʩչֶΣǹص˱ͱӡ
ǣȫԸҪȫɱҲܣֻҪǷͷܣ¼Ԫʯ̥Ҳܰ˶
һߵ©˷Լһͬʱĵӳ֣ͼɱǣܴķ粨
·µľͷ˵ĺĵӣֻͨӣҲû˸ǣ
ɱǺĵֱ֣Ǻ룡
׿̸ɵĻ֮Уһ̬ȲʥЩϵĻʥ̫ӿɲ¿ĺĵӣʥ֪Լɱ̫ӣηӦ
ˣԣһֱնݳ
ͷ£мɱȴѹ֣ܳȻȡǹ򵥣ֱӵķȴ
ôʣµڶˣԼȡǹ¶˸олɳˣ̰ᣬȫɱ
ַȻȫ˵İմһЩԼҲҪðܴգ
Ϊڰǹûп͸
֣֣ôѵһնðôЯȡǲ̫ˣѾվǰ棬еΣյһֻ֣ô
̫ı飬
ɳĬ˺һͻȻ΢΢һЦ˵
پڰǹǧԶĵطָ֪̽ڰǹΧ̽һɭֲħѾȷϣڰǹ£ħķʽǡ顷мصħ֡
顷аħаԵħ£飬ΪԼá
ڰǹûеõ顷洫ô¡֪֣ͨڰǹ£ʩչħֲкܶطдаԵħǹʩչȴԭħ֣ɭ죡
ħ֣ܻ
ѰЩ
֣ô
̫ļ˵±ʶƣѾһֱ֣Ͳصˣʼмɵ
֣ã
ͻȻͷ̫Ӵ⣬мˣ
ôüΪΪʳԭ̰ᣬԵǰûܿסԼ»ҴʹթҲվֵסڰǹջҪðճˣ̫ˡ
̫תߣ¿΢΢٣٣սԼеĳǹһ˿֮ɫ
˲öԸǸ˺ڰǹаԣֻҪ֣ɽۻ
һ˵ǺڰǹûŪҲûʲôʧϣȻûаɱҲҶǶ֡
Ҳ˵ʵѾڲ֮أ
ҳӰǻҡ
˵䣬Ѿ˺ڰǹ
һĻ̫һ֣㲻ô
ԭ̫ӴÿڰǹȻܣԼɹȥѵΣղ
ÿܶ飬Լɹȥⲻôסˣ
Сӣԭֻ츳ߣʵǸɵơںߣʿЦ˵оԼ֮ǰ̫ˣ֪ôףۡ
⣬֪ˣʲôС
׺̫Ӷôûӣô֮ͨš
ô˵֣ȫ䱸Ѿڲ֮أ
¿˵ĽӴ࣬ϵı֮¿ѾĲĸоˡ
Ŀڰǹ
˰ɣ
ɣ
ɣ
һɣ
ʮɡ
һһĿٶȷǳȷߵû
߶䣬ȫϢԽԽĿԽԽףʼְɫ·ӡȫǽڷı壬ƺڰθߡ
ڲԶס¿ȫעһһ
ѾֻжʮԶˣ
˶ס˺ȻˣУҪڰǹƵĺӰ
ô
ʱ򣬺ڰǹ֮ϣ
µḷ́
һצĺںзţ۾ɺѪ˿һ۾ƺҪ޾Ԩһ㣡
ʱǹаЦѪ˵ѪŨѪζҼζŨѪã̫ˣΪɿڵʳΪҵһְɣҳ㣡
ħɭɭ˽թĹЦ˷·һƬأˣ
һʱ䣬ͫ΢Ȼ֣Լһ޴֮У
ٲȻһռ䣬һƬֲָ
أأ
µĹ֮Ӹ𣬷·һߣֻҪУͻᱻɣ
ħзӡħ귢ɢγɵڰǹɱ˶ˣôˣȻ˽ܣ
һݣڰǹʣѾ˺ܾúܾõʱ䣡ɱ˴ߣ
ֵǣʥҲӦΪʲôûշ˺ڰǹ
ԻʥֶͨΣºڰǹʵǿֶٹ죬ҲĲָɽǣ


1703 
ʱ򣬸ȥʥΪʲôûշڰǹ뵵ĺѾܡ
͵նʴˣ
һ˱ħֵ֮ڣȫҰУ̫ӡ¿˶ʧˣ
Χˣǧ֮⣬̫ӿһĻﾫâһСӣ֪ĸԣÿӰĻǻҪֽţȥֱӱɵǾʡˣʴʮֿ£κѪⱻմ˲仯Ѫˮ֮ǰſǱ֣˲仯ǺƤ
ſʵҲܱ̫ӲȾſǿǾǿҲǿ벽ֻҪ֣ôɾ
̫ߣ¿ɸоţ˵ҾòԾǸô׾ˣ
¿˵䣬֪źҪ̽й˿Ǻһи֪ʲô̽鲻
̫ӵȻô׾ˣҲЩʲôֶΣҪƾֶθڰǹһǹ¸ûԤ뵽ĵĲ㣬Ҳǹƾ츳޼ɵ￼ľΪ
һĲ㶼޲Ϊ߻ռˡ
֮츳Сռˡ
̫ӿȷʵ츳ȽΪսñǿ٣ڰǹֹ鱦һҪЪˡ
ʲôƣܹҲҪ۵Ǹʱٶ־׶ˡ
̫ˡʢһ·ʤûܵʲôۣΪԼ޵Уʲôܵˣ
׼֣һΣֲ˺ãѹ׵ֶΣͲҪˣǵһ컯
̫ӣҲ׼ֱɳɹͷӣȻٺòѳǾʩչһֱӸɵ
ʱǸֶζģ׷óƽĶۣЩ˵ֶζʮ˵ã
ǱϾܻһЩƴĵƣ۷״̬ĸʩչƣҲâײˣ
ͣ
µ
̫ӣóһ黯֮УµķӰҪ߶⻯ҲҪ̫ӱ˵Ϊʵ
ںףóһŹֵСӣСϣȼԼĺףƺҲӡʲôµĶ
¿ʿǵĵȻ̫ӺͺףҲڶʱڣﵽ۷״̬߳һս
ʽһĴҪԣд֮ģ
ʱǧ֮⣬ڰǹĺѾԽԽŨңȫĸ˵ĸ֪Ǹ֪淢ʲô
ħĺȷʵ̫˵ӵпµĸʴԣմ֮ûκĿܣ̫ӡףһǲմ㣬ͱԶ壬ȫᱻʴɾ
ʵȻǿ̫ӣҲǿ̫ףһ޷ܡ
ǣħ֣
ڰǹΧ£ĺħ֮ۼģҺӰʩչħֲ
ڼħĿǣ
ء
ӡħӰħַɿתţħֱ棬γһ޴ĺɫУħǿµ־飬ħɣ
Լħ֣ӶӰħеħ
龰ǺӰʱдŭ
ⶼķѼʮʱ䣬ɱ˽ܲŻħȻͱɣܲŭ
ס֣
һǰĺ׷Ť۳һצĶ˫ĿɺѪò
ΪеĶ˿ͬʱеħҲͺ֮䣬ͬһһ㻤סԼȫ

Ӱһſ³һʺɫķģתĿ֮
㣡Ϊ䣬ѪϾ
㣡٣գ
㣡ڴˣ֮࣡
ӰѪģȻһط
ĿһֽĨһ£ֱץŰɫķԥĽķһ飡
䣡
ֲ˿͵ıը
ķаһаظʹΣΪ׼аȴֻʹһΡ
аеһ֮У֮ǰаһ
аһȼգ
֮ϯǻ棬а֮ӡֱӱ׻֮˺飡
ͬʱҲű仯ϵӡԽԽֳɫۼףȻһȭħֺХ
ӳаͬʱҲһͬķĺôԽĽͣ
У
ħַתţͬһ޴ķɾ⣬Ӱи
Ӱбŭħ֣Ȼһצץ˹ȥ
ǣ
ӰצħֻײһŨڹ䣡
ħֶԹа顢־ΪƣǰӰɾһ־壬κβħ֣һצĳֻ֮ǿħִ˻צӣȴâȻʧС
ʲô·Ϊʲô
ӰĿ¶⣬壬ڵħȼգƺҪƴˣ
ôҲû뵽ǰΪһ㣬ƣ
ʵףǿĵط⼸ʮħҲħ֣ܸʴԷѪ⡣
ħֻ۵ħԽأԽǿοӰɱģ˽ܣ˿µħ˲ɱſ
һףҲħ֣ҷ򾳽ߣӰͷŵħԷǲƷ
ʲô·ħ֣ѧģ
һ䣬˵䣬еħ֣ʼɺӰħʹħʵ·ԽԽ
һĻӰ˫ĿѪ졣ǰǹػߣͣƴΪҲҪɱ㣡
Ӱ˵ЦһƺԺӰв⣬еĶȷʵħֶħ˺ܶࡣͣҲУҪף
ףðħطң
Ӱ˵䣬ɵ̰Ķеħ֣Ȼϳħ֣򾳽ߣ
ħ֣ħشȻҪĹ


1704 
ҪħֵطǰĺӰ㻹ʨӿڣ㶼֪ҪõʲôſھҪħ֣ΪһӦô
˹˵ħ·ĴС顷һݣѧ֮ȻҴˣοҲûС顷һҪڶôס
ٺ٣ѾµҪõʲôҰɱĸ˰ɣͿǲһ·ˣǱ˴֮໥¼ɡƣǸǹڵļһζɣҲװϵȴƾͼƣҪһ𷴹Ƕɱˣսթ˺뻢ıƤ㲻ãһᱻԵùͷʣû㹻ĺôôðգ
һЦƺû˽ڵ״ľоôۼħϧȴûãҵĲƷãǴȥĻӮң
˵䣬Ѿ˷ѪǹڷѪǹ֮ϣħصתţʼΧħҪҺģǾͺȥҵҪ۵ħж١
ȫ߶ħ֣·һ޵׶ħ
ƫƫڣӰҲκβսȥӰԵֻԽԽ㣡
СӣݣҿԸҲҪħֵ֮Ҫħл۵ħң
ã㻹ʸ
ͱˣѪǹϵħԽתԽ졣
ķѪǹתħ֣Ӱһ˿ɵ֮ɫҧһߣ㲻ҪңһֱҴȴڸ̸ףɵɱĸĻˣһˣֶԸǣң㻹ͼıңõ˰ǹ
ӰҲ˼磬µͼı
˺ӰĻâɹȻһЦ˵ͼı㣿ƺͲǰǹɣʲôػߣⰵǹ飬Ѳڣȵռ԰ǹΪϵɱ˽ܣǵԼ
֣ӡУⰵǹ㲻·˵Ҳ·ĪĹϵӰеİǹˣǰǹ飬ҲԼħ֣Ӧñͻǡ
뵽Щ飬ȻѾȷԷͲǰǹ飬ûʲô˼ˣ·ƵİǹԷǰǹ飬Ҳ⽫֮ɱˡ
ղɵħңĵߣҸƣӰš
΢΢ͷã
ȻҪӰҲ̫֣˫ӡתղűħȥħ׷ױ³
ЩħӰһȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼɣգ۾Ͱħ˸ɸɾ
Ǻܿ죬ɫĿҵħֹЩ
Ȼһ룬ɱ֮ٻһ룬òΪһôħɣʱ㷴ô죿
˵ţӰһĵòҪˣң
˵䣬ӰͻȻԼõ

һɢħɢӣ
ռʧʱǰĿ⣡
̫ӡס¿Ǹź׵ʿȻһ˲䣬һ֣
ѾãǷ׷óѹ׵ľУ͵һɲǣͻȻϮһֲ
µգΪһɱȫԸĴһԵֵ
ǣ
һɲǣߵĿռ˲̮˺ϻһռ䣬Ҫ˲ܣǲܵ飡
£ӺӰõħгԲ۷״̬һĽ֪ʵ۷״̬һҲǷˣ
ã侮ʯ̫ӵһ֣ν֮
һ̫ӣһףһ飡
ۿĵ۾Ũصɱ
֪ӰҲ̫ӵ˴侮ʯԼʱͻȻϮȴûԼȻ뿴Լһ֮˻
籩ɵ˲䣬һ쳹أƳԶ·޵ԶţϢ
һ̣ͷϣձһε˺¶ĺڰգһزԹŵͭӴзɳ
ڹӣǻԪӣ
ۣ
һ죬Ԫصںɫʯ֮ϣеĹȫײڻԪӵӱϣ

ԪӾҵĹ죡
ۿӲͬһ㵴ռҵӴ̺֮УγɷһеĿ²
µĺʯ֪ʲôϣӲǿҲûúʯ𣬵ǾʯԶĴأȴֱӱӲ飬ɽҲͬɳһ㱻ɢ
˿µӲȻҲ̫ӵУ
ǸոյĹû˵ԪӣܵԪӵӲķ

ӲײǵĻ֮ϣһҵĲΪոȫԸĹʹ˸ƴĵƣ㣬ӲһڶʱѪӿ
ôã
ʲô
̫ܻԭõһȴûκһȭڿմĸоʱͻȻɫ΢䣬ֻͷ֮ϣһһɳĺӰצֱ
ٺ٣ĸҵʳɣ
ء
ŴħֵĹֽڵٶ̫ӣ׵ˣֱУ
Сӣ֣
Ӱ˫ĿһʱԪӣһ̤


1705 Ű
ڻԪӵıӻ֮£̫ӵ˵ĹûжʲôƣֳַѪǹֱɱ
ۿڵٿħĺӰ̫ɫ䣬ֿӣ
̫ӣҲǹˣԭǵͺӰڿͺӰûдγʱˣҪһֶԸǣ
ǺӰ̫Ӷͬʱвӵĵ
ӣˣѾҵħ򣬱ˣ
ӰЦںҪǮ̫ΧֺγɵĶħԳһ磬ħȴĺɿռҪںܶ࣡
ʩչɿռͼס̫ˣȴǲܵġ
⵹˵ɿռ䲻ħΪӰ˼꣬ʮʱϵɱ˽ܣħһǿ
ӰʵȻ̫ߣһʩչħǹأǷ޵УħкܴȱݣҲȫĶ֡
ƣ
׿һֳһɫѪȻһնħĽ硣
ħҵıΣǹħ̫ˣƾȫ֣Ҳʼ޷򴩡
ܻ̫ӣĺ£㲻˵Ͳɱô
ں׵֮ǰ̫ӵ¾ſͼ߰ǹӰ˲˸ɣʱӰҲ̫Ӻ¿ȴû֣̫ӱ˶Ʋ⣬Ϊ·ƶĳֹ򣬹涨ȡǹˣܵǹĹ
ǣҲֻ̫ӵƲѣܱ֤
ҪɱõϵܣȻҪðһķգڿȻǲ´ˡ
Ӱǹ飬һħ
Ҳûܵʲôƣ
ӰЦҾͲɱǣ湻ģ֮ǰֻ֣Ǿ̫ԶҾ£ħڰǹΧԶղ㣬Բûжǳ֣ǰͲסǰˣôߵٺ٣ƺǾ˽ܣҳԵǴ󲹰
Ӱ˫֮¶̰Ĺâȴûж̫ӵֱӳֻ֣ǲϵļӹ̽磬סǰˡ
Сӣ㻹֣ѾȫԸסǣҪˣ
Ӱ
˺ͳ֣϶ȫһû¸ˡ
ǹǰźӰĻӰ϶֣͵ϮԼ
ǼˣҲˡ
⽻ģĳ˵ɱ̫ˣ洦󣬶ңҪȫɱһڶ
ֳַѪǹϳ˺ɫģıҲʼۼףǰˣȻ֮Ѫ
СΪһģҲãɱ㣬ȥԸǺӰ
ۿ̤ɫȻ֪ǰѾ͸ó־ͺݾƴ
Ҳţһ벽ʥʵܱ̬ܹһ˰ĸȫɱĳ̶ȡ
ʱ̫ӴҪģ
ʲô
üͷһ塣
СϳԵĿôҸҰٷְٱ֤ĸ˸Сȫ
̫ļ٣Ǻ֣ʵҪǿЩˣĸҪɱնǸǳ˵Ρ
£ȥǺ׵һסҸ׳ƿ򣡡
̫ǿ򶨵˵òϣĶԲףƿ򣬾Աһɱͺɵöࡣ
ʲôҡ¿һһͣһȥ
ԭ¿ΪֻһʦսУԴͨ޼Ѷȵķ֮źͳˣʵûʲôģ
ôѵһ
̫ò¿һֻӭͷƤתʱ¿ߣкµʿ
һ
һ֣ǺҲ໥¼ɣȫսǲûһս֮
¿ߵʿ
ʿʱȴǻŭ𣬡ߣСӲǰ벽ʥǳΪһ󾳽绹࣬ҾͲţʵܵʲô̶ȣ
ʿһֳһɫĳһն
޼
ʿߣܹĲ㣬ߵ׶εˣûĸ˽ܣ
һӳռ֮УֳһſŶǳЩǳǹ⣬ȫӳʿһϣֱɨʺ
ǳ֮
΢΢һҲֻһ°ˣиΪ⣬ʥ巨еǳ֮ĵǾС׼ס
һڱ󣬸ֳ˶ǶǶ̰ƾǣ
췣ϸһͬ˲֮
ʿͬߣ޵ǲͬ巨ʵʿܹƥеģ
¡
һ죬ʿĵֱӱ飡Ѫǹֱ޻ڵĳʿĳ֮ϣ
ϣ
һײĴ죬ʿĳѪǹУڽͬһʱ䱬ʿڱѣѪ䣬һֱӱɣ
Ѫǹһ̤һȭʿؿڣ
ŲףȭֱʿͬϺһ
ۣ
ʿѪ
ջطѪǹһǹ̳Ҫ̴ʿؿڣ
ۼһǹʿɫ䣬ʵȫԣֻһУ͵ֵסɱ£³ŲסϢʱ䣡
Īţ
ʱ¿ˣ
ֲԸʱҲ֣
ʿһϵƣʿˣֻø죡
¿һ˿û֣һնҫ۵Ϲ⣬⽣֮УȻ̺깥

¿깥ûһۣѪǹɨȥа֮
꣡
â飬¿һĽǶŤü֮䣬һɫĹââ뵽Ľ֮Уͬһľ֮
У
¿Ŀԭǻ壬ֵľ깥Ȼ깥ȴܲˣһ̤ǰѪǹתֱӳ¿

¿ҽһһǹĻԪ粣һ㱬飬˴ķѪǹ¿ϣ
¿ֻоһƬԳܵʹѪ⣬¶ǣӶѿһǹݣ
Ȼʱ¿ľ񹥻Ҳûľ֮

¿ѪģޱȣȻԼݣ깥ҲֻҪʧһ˲䣬ҲԸʿһȥش
Ȼ¿깥֮ȴΪ⣬ֻŷѪǹ¿
㼸Ϣʱȥɫ׶ûаһ£¿깥ͬţ뺣һ㣬Ϣˡ
ʲʲô
¿ֽͣ


1706 赶ɱ
¿壬ǿľ깥Ĺ֮Уܻ̺깥
¿ʹûʲô뵲깥ȴǳѣĺܶˣ깥ޡ
֮ǰ¿ײ깥ѾϣĶ־㲻¿һɱҲȻ𣬳ֶݵʧ񣬵ʱ¿ͿԳûٳУʤ֡
ȻôҲû뵽Ȼɫûһ£¿ȫɵˡ
㡭鱦
¿飬Ѿ׺ˣʶ»ڴˣ
ʵԶ󣬾̫ӺͺħҲŲǸʱˡ
¿䲢ŻԻ͵ǰ̣ôһЩܣ̤𾳣£¿ԣޱȿµ飡
Ȼԣûһĺ㣬Źңūӡҿʵ¡
¿Ԫ˵ٸ⣬һԸҲԸû˸ū¿ȴô˵ж˵ֵһ㡣
ʱ¿۽ͻȻһ˿⣬綾һ㱩һ˿ɫ⣬¿ü֡
һɲǣȼһ꣡
ȼվѪԻȡƽʱǿԻ߶ԣȴбȼվѪɱУǾȼ꣡
Ϊ꣬ǻʣԻ˵һȼ꣬ˣܲأ¿ΪȻѡȼꡣ
һ̣¿۽ǱŷԹ⣬ԭ̤еȼ꣬ڷ̤ĿܡպдԵͻơ
һУͣܲޣ
ɽڣûգ¿Ϊ˻Ѿƴˣ
¿ȼһɲǣ¿ߣʥʿҲȼ˱Ѫһɱ
ĳնգʮǳڵ嫵ĵĻӴ䣬һУ
Σһֱȡ˻Ԫӣ
벽ʥ鱦ĲѾԽԽǿˡ

ԪӳƳҴ֮أ
Ȼ¿ʿǶԷƴĹҲǱܲӣ;ӵͷϾһˣǾǰռ˰ǹĺӰ
ԼȫֵĻܸӰԿɳ֮
䣡
񱩵糱ˮһкڻԪϣ¿깥Ϊ꣬Ȼ͸ԪӵӲľ֮
ǾӲ֮⹥Ѿ첻ʲôв
깥ľ֮ɲǣȴֱӱ̻ɵս飬깥ֱɢˡ
ˣֳֻԪӣ˴󲿷ֵĹܵĳȴ࣡

¿мѪѾƴȴ˲ָֺо޷ݡ
źɡ
ʮָħͷصתţ޷ģħΧعӡ
㾡ɱ¿ʿֻҪɱʣº׺̫ӣ˷ֿܣҲаսȫ£
ʱսһ̫ӺͺҲ䡣Ѿ֣ºʿŲסˣ
ûʱˣֻһλᣬɱǣǺһɱǵĻǱɣ
ƿħ磡
̫˵һҧҲȼһ꣬ȼʱ̫ĶڵѪѡ
ȫڽ֮Уγ˾ŵȦ
ͣ
ձ̫֮˫ĿѪ죬ߣҲȼ˱Ѫ
ʥԣѪҪ̶ȲԻҪ̶ȡ
ˣҪƴˡ
ʱǰԶӰǷһ˿ЦݣԻֻצлһıϵļӹħ硣
ԭħ磬һθǺصһ㣬βƣ
棡氡ΪȼվѪ֮ƿҵĽˣһʮʱ䣬ħһҲħ򣬾㶥ĴУҲ
ӰЦţЦΪ̶·̫ӺͺĹмһˡ
һ̣׺̫̫Ӷһۣͬʱͷ
֣
ȣͬһʱ̫Ӻͺڳˣ
ȼվѪ֮ͬʱǻԴֽ֮óööһöɫһöѪɫ
ǸǿߣǱõĻһͿٻӰʵڶʱڣĴ
ʱ˿̣׺̫ӲԼ֮ͬеṹתޣٻһͣ
ǾȻҪ˫һԱ
ԭʵ൱ڽһԱһԿ붥ȣ
ɱ
һɲǣ׺̫ӶȻתìͷٹħĽ磬ǹӰı壡
ˣ
ţԼҲֵĸʩչУ׸Ǵֽȡһö۴СѪ쵤裬̷ֱȥ̷֮ȫⱩǣòüΪԭֵ壬޳ͬһͷԱһ㣬Ӱ
ڹ˲䣬ط˱ʥ壬кܶѪԱҲˣ
Ѿ׼ˣӰħħˣ
ʱȥħ޴֮Ŀܾǣ޹
Ӱı壬ǽȫһˣ
ͷųȫ󲿷ħĺӰģ
ֻҪӰħ򲻹ƣ
Ȼһ̣Ӱû¶㾪ŵı飬ٺһЦɭȻ뵽Ƶħİ취ҲϧǾ뵽취Σܴô
ӰЦһͬһ㣬תӡ
׷
̫Ӻͺ׶ɱۣô۵һôúӰʹӵ
ǵĹͬԱһŤתֱ׷Ӱȥ
ǵѾӰҪɱֻһΣղסǱɣ
ȻںӰܣıһɲǡ
¿ʿȴɫ䣬ǺȻ֣Ӱ֮󣬺׺̫ӵĹĿ
ǣھ߲Զ
һʱ䣬ĿһӰ
Сӣ˵ĹԱͬұ壬һɱ㣬ҾĲõһ֣ҿôһ٣ҵǹʹɱĸˣշǹ˳ҲһΪɵôͼıңȥɣ


1707 Ǹһ
ӰˣΪӵħ֣ӰħЧʧȥħӰκβ
£Ӱôȥĺɱ̫ӵˣ
ǸԼԾĹô
ƫƫħ˺ӰЩĴħúӰòҸ
ʱֻ֣֮µѡ
һʼ̫ӳ֣Ӱ̫ӵˣʩչħס̫ӵˣΪ˱ǣǾòƴһУʹ
ֹ¶壬Ϊյ׺̫ӹ壬ֻƾԼյǶ˵Ĺ赶ɱˣһ
ɱ֮ߵ¿ʿҲܵҪֱɱ
֮ǰֵ̫ӺͺףҲֲ˺ãǱȻԪˣʱҲħӵˣ
̫ӵˣͬˣΪӰʳ
ľ˽ܣ˵Ǵ󲹣
Ѿħ֣ҲΪӰսƷպͨħֵĲϲ򣬺ӰȻħ֮ҲܴĽԼ£ħķʽ
һٶõĺüıֻҪɹȫĺôˣ
һʱգͿԸڰǹϣ԰ǹΪ壬أûࡢ̫ޡޣΪһ
һУӰƺˣ̫ӡ׵Ūڹ֮ϣͬҲģ
ȻǰǣĹܹɱ
һ㣬ӰģΪ̫Ӻͺ׸һľϲǾȻԱͬǶ˱ĹټϺӰĹ߽ϣж󣬶ȻҪ䣡
ܵס
ȻӰһ鱦Ԫӣ
鱦Ŀ·úӰ£
ѡԪӵʱԻ壬Ϊնһݣ
һƣΪӪ֮
ħ򣡡
ӰХһħͬһķģĻԪΧ
ֱͻԪӸˣ
ͬʱܵĿռҲħɺɫס
һ˵ʩչռ䷨ӿҪֽ䣬ҲǼ򵥵顣
Ӱ۳ħ֮֮ǰס̫ôûܺơԶ޷򻯽ħҲҪݵʱ䡣
ӰԲһɲǵĴϢ֮
ȥɣ
ס˻ԪӣҲܷ͵ֿĿܣӰ嶸Ȼ󣬷
ֻǧ֮һɲǣ͵ʮɴСſ죬³˻ҺɫĻ棬ЩɫϯѾԱٽӰɱ
ֻҪһУʮ
ǵصĹĿ¶⣡
Ը֪ϵԪӣȻԪӱħѹ˿
ˣɣ
Ӱţһ߷Ԫӣһյ̫Ӻͺ׵ĹӰѾľȫһڱصã
ȻһɲǣӰͻȻһɲĸоƺʲô޴Σٽһ㣡
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Ӱ𣬵ʱѾֻ֣ȫ
һɲǣںӰԶͻȻ˺һȫǺɫۼףϲѪģͷɢɱ񣬴̤
ɱò壬ȴĿӣǶ֮Ѫ֮
ʱȫ籡̹
ֳһ˺ɫǹĮĿӰ񣬾ͬڿһ
㡭㡭ôܣ
ӰΪȫͶ뵽ħ򣬺Ͷɱ֮ȥѾȫ
ĹѾֿ
˭
ӰȻתͷ֮ǰȫɱġǡɫĮֳֺɫķѪǹǵصĹȴͲô⣡
񣡣
Ӱ뵽ģԻƭǸܣһθ¿ʿذεôͷ򣿺οϵϢ˱޶£Ӱܷĵͼ
Ϊʲô
źƶȱȴ֪һ㽻׵ʱ᲻֪ҳ֣Ȼ֪йƣȴ㲻׼ʲôʱͻȻϮսթһ֣Ȼʮգʱһ񣬾Ϳ﷭
Э飬㳷ȥħ֮ûԪסԼֵ̫ӵ˵ֹͬʱҲҸĻ
ҵķǿֱ׷ʥ𣡸κι滻ҵı֮ҾͲκιƺ͵ϮұڰԲӦ䣡
ҰѷѪǹͻԪӶսҲһڷľ֮Уңħ֣ЭһУΪ㲻κλ֮ģֱͻȻһɲǣҽɱеħóȥˣ㻹ôҵȫһ
Ĵֻһ˲ʹ˺ӰԺ֮С
һɲǣӰԺ
ȻûԪסԼʱ򣬾Ѿ˱ͷĻԪӵ𣬳ľѾǷˣ
ô࣬Ȼķ

Ӱ˲֪ãôĻۣˣֶΣսթôҲû뵽һ󱲣Ȼ˷һѣ
Ҳʰ
Ӱʱκλᣬкɫǹ̶ֱ
˺ɫǹӷ֮еõȻȴӲޱȣκζԴݻ
ʱźɫǹ֮߳˳ǹȴó
а֮£ɫǹע׻֮ͬʱҲͷ󷨵
ɫ춴ХűռŤ˺Ӱݷ
ħҲٻ˵ѹ£ӰĿǣ
һʱ䣬еһը
ӰĲҽУ屻ֲգɲǼ䣬ҷ
Ӱҽ廯ƬҪɢӣȻĻᡣ
ħ֣
ǣ
ɫħѹһ̣˹а֮ǿǿ־
ʱħϾ˺ɫУӰƬȫ֮У˲ӡ
ӰһҺôҲû뵽ôһֱڰǹ콾Ѫ⣬ħַӡǵ꣬гһգԼҲħַӡˣ


1708 ɱ̫
ħת֮УħӰЩħȫǷһӰ֮УңͲѳȥ
ӰƬѾӡ˴룬ʹȻƾҲ޼£
Сӣһ죬ҪʬΣҪĥ꣬㲻ֻأ֮ܵ࣡
ۿҪ׷ħ֣Ӱ䣬ȻһУȴֻЦһ
ָӰ׷
ĥҵꣿϧҪΪħеūˡ
˵ţ׷ӡӰһɲǣ󣬷˿͵ıը
Ӱ֮ǰķѴħ̫ӺͺĹһ𱬿ˣ
ԭıһںӰħ֮£޿ɱܣǿԱĴ޷ܣȻǿҲ֮
Ѿѱ𻻳Ԫʯ̥Ԫʯ̥ͲͬˣĹڣ֮бѪ˳ɰǧ꣬Ѿ˽ɻĳ̶ˡ
䣡
𶯣⣬Ԫʯֲ̥ըɣȫ˺ѣ飡Ҳıըըһ˿ѪۣҲѪ۰ˣû˼Ԫʯ̥塣
Ҿһ˿Ѫۣۿɼٶ֮У
¿ʿͲͬˣ֮ǰԪʯ̥ԶǶʱµıը֮УֻǱನҲըȫѪҲ̶ã

¿һҽУߣʿֱӱը˼׵ѾһͿѪΣڵϦ
̫Ӻͺ׵һûκȴ¿ʿɱˣ
ˣǻᣬֱӷӡ˺Ӱ
һʱ䣬δȫɢħ֮УֻѾԪ˵̫ӡףˡ
㡭
̫
ȻûĴۺ֮ǰһУҲ˸ղŵ׷ʲô飡
ԭӰǵĹͻȻѹʱǶоӰֱƻ˼£ݺѾʮ
ǽһ˲䣬תӰӡȼոԾѪǿȴֻըķû˵㣡
Ӱȴ׷ӡʩչֶΣѸײڶ
һʼ໥ƣķɱʩչֶΣȫûϵ
̫ԭõȴԵôЦ
ӡӰֳֺɫǹȫ鲼ۼףͬ޵߳Ķ֮
̫ӻǺףȫʧȥ
ڵΪ⣬Ϊղȼ꾫Ѫȫһǵ״̬۷ʱһˣûκʤ㡣
ѵɱǣǳ·Ǹʣɱǣպ·֮أˣʥҲУһ㻹֪ɣܽģ
̫в˵֪ʱľûãôһݿסмɵǻôһ˿
Ȼϧˣ̫ⷬո˵꣬ѾһԾ
ͣ
ɫǹ̳գ
ͬʱԪʯ̥Ҳ˳̫Ӻͺ׵ܷ
ǰܵĻᡣ
ƴˣ
ۿѾûĿܣ̫Ӻͺ׶ƴˣ
ٴȼѪ̫ȼһ˿꣡
֮ǰĵùˣֻƾ
Ȫ󣡡
̫ʮָʮڷɽʮڷɽÿһڵĽ֮ϣȻһöѪɵ۾ö۾ϲѪ˿֮
̫һȭԼؿڣһѪʮڷɽϣһʱ䣬ɽϵ۾ʺ죬Ϊߣֻǿһʮö۾оҪȥһ㣬ʧأ
ʣЩ۾֮У̺깥
̫ԭǻ壬ʩչط깥ȴ¿Ϭ
ͣ
ʮʺɫĹâӷɽ
ͬʱһ̤ȫǽڷžžı죬ԭֵͻȻüڵļ⣬Žһͳ˱ըԵ
ֳѪɫһն
̫Ӻͺ׶ǽܳʱ໥ϣ깥ʹһһ֣ͬ
˵ĹΪ
ʮʺһɲǣü֮бŷɫ⣬̻ɵǹսХмתʮ⣬ɲǼ䱻ս飡
ʲô
̫д󾪣ԭȻѾϵԼĹ²κҲû뵽ȻôɵľƿĻȪս飬Ѿﵽ˲˼ľ磬֮Уĳɾͼ
ѵû
Ķ֣̫ӸеϢ
ʱƿȪѾ̤ǰһӭֱĺף
һʱ䣬󣬾ſ˶ǳ֣貵Ĺâͬٲһкâ䣡
һ˲֮Ԫռ䶼ˣ
ĿһɫǹХͬβһǹ˺ף
䣡
ǹѪཻâ⼤䣡
ſǳ貵Ĺ⻪׵ĵֻǵֵһ˲䣬ֱӱĺɫǹâ˺飡
ǹâನſµصײں׵ؿϡ
Ȼһһʱ䣬о·һɽУ飬߹ǶѣѪ
κδϢĻᣬһ̤ɫǹ˺׵СϣֱҵͬϺһ㹭׵࣬ѾҵѪģ
һĻ̫ӿһɾ֮С
㲻ú
̫ӲҺʱѾɱǰͬһɫɱһ֣飡
ۣ
ǹ̫ӵĻԪѾȼξѪǿ֮ĩ̫ӣûʱˡ
һǹȫ޷ֵɭǹâؿڣӱ
Ѫ䣡
ħ֣
˵ħתѹ̫ӵ壬ɱ˺ɱ֮ңɱ㣬꣬Ҳᱻħ֣Ϊã
Į·дʣֻ̫оһǿľ֮У꼸ҪӲ֮
һʱ䣬˺ѵʹ̫ӲҺѣ
֮Уȫʧȥ˵ֿưܣħֱ֣ӷӡѹ
̫ӣȻתźɱȥ


1709 ȫɱ
ɫǹâᴩգȫڼףͬ
Ѿǿ֮ĩĺףûĿˡ
׿һһնѾƺȼվѪ
ȻΪѪȼչȣһȼգȴѾǳޡ
ɱҲҪᣡҵͷϣᱻ裬ļˡѣŮҲᱻɱһɶ
׷˷䡣
Ȥɿռ׵ȫ֮Уʹȥˡ
ħ󷨣
ѪĵĨѪգһڵʱ˴̶
ȻʹʲôʽҲı䲻Ľ֡
һںɫǹ֮ϣµγתĻ춴С
ڰ㣡
ռŤ׵ĵⱻ춴޴飬ͬĻԪһ𱻶һ̣ĺɫǹֱӹᴩ˺׵ࡣ
ˣ
ħѹ׵һͬӡ
ˣס̫콾ɱ
ˣųǹ¿ʱ¿Ϊ֮ǰըϯѾȫȾѪɫ԰ס
ߣʿѾʧȥʶ˵սˡ
¿촽ߵĿ־ȷй֮޲
ϾߵҪȷ˾̫࣬ƿأ֮ϵĸо
¿̫ûüܵĸٻΪܵľηĤݣ£Ծµ顣
Ҫɱҡ¿Լؿڣ˵˵䣬ǲϵѪ˿ԱѾ˵Դϵˡ
֪ܶرϢ⣬һ˺ܶ౦Щ㣡㲻ŵĻԸūӡҵҿԡ¿ۿеɱԽԽأд󼱣æġ
ҪūӡǷһ̵Ļȣ֮ǰ¿ūӡȴͻȻϮź˵ЩҶҪֻҪ
ȡȵȣ¿ɫɷףʱѾ˺ɫǹ
ݣ
ǹ̳ռ䷨¿һ

¿˫ĿѪ죬˻šۡһ죬һǹֱӴ¿ࡣ
¿ͫ˲ʧȥ˽࣬ŵĿѵסǹǹˣȫڲ
һ졭ᱻҡ¿ѵĿڣԹĿÿ˵һ֣жѪ
ҽ̤¿ؿڣǹ˳ֻһѪֱ߸ߣֱʡ
֮ǰǳ˻仹ôЩ֪ɱ˶ˣõĻһˡ
˵ţǹɨֱж¿ʺ
¿һᣬĿ
У
ħѹ¿꣬Ҳħֽ
е˶ˡ
ʱħѾɢȥһööɫС򣬽¿̫ӵ˵ʬ壬ȫɻҽ
ǵֽ䣬
̽һдĵҩ򡢷ȶ
鱦̫ӡ¿ͺһһĶӶԣһ鱦Ϊ档
¿鱦ĳϻѶʮڵļ۸µһǹ
ʱΪǹмۿ¿һѣ¿Ѫʱ֮ǹȴϣʵһ̡
ȻǹˣҪǰǹ
鱦֮⣬Щͨ鱦ȤȻ˵ж񼶹ЩȻں󱲵ӵУ¿ɵƷ͵˺ܶˣʵûʲô
㼸˵ֽ䣬Ժ׽ָеĶ൱ʧֻмöѪ֮ϡҩԣ֮⣬ʣһЩֵͬѪʯˣ׵ĲƸʵ٣ܶƸһĹ׻֣ЩֶԵȻûаˡ
̫ӣһϲ
̫ӵУһɫ֣֪̽УֺȻһռ洢ԵıȻ鱦ҲԶ֮УȻдϡϣһСѻ꾧
꾧ǻʯõľһֵһ£̫صĻ꾧Ȼǧš
ټЩϡϣ̫ӵĲƸһ
һһЩ𣬲ƸҲˡ
̫ӣǵõĳλȥµأȻôԣ
ܿͨеĹؼ̫Ϊ档
ڵǱ֮ǰ·̫࣬ôƸ䣬ʱָԣ
磬һУûֱӳȥΰǹǳһٶȼħ֡
ħ֣Ϊ˴ħѾﵽ˽״̬̺ڹģ˿һۣƺҪȥһ㡣
˫ִʮӡһɹɺħɢ֮ǰӡĺӰ
Щⷭڣ·Ҫںϵһ𣬵ÿÿҪںϵʱ򣬾ͱͷųķӡɢ
ˣ屻ҴɢԪҷӡڽӡ˵
СӣݣһɹɰԹӺдЦΪӡң͵õǹˣеͰɱԶҲòǹ


1710 ɼ
Ŷɱòǹ˫֣ƺԺӰвϡ
ӰЦһȻѾ֪Ҳûȥԣʮʱ䣬԰ǹΪħ֮У˺纣ħʮʱҲϵɱ߻ģΪƾʲôô
Ŷԭˡ
֮ǰѾӰʵߣħȴɱſĸ֣һǾҪڰǹΧһΧڣȷе˵̴ܷӳǿս
ⰵǹΧĴ󣬾ʮʮּ̣Ҫǿƿô׵顣
΢΢ָڿỬһƮ۽ǣֳصӡҪ
ʱ򣬺ӰĴЦ׷ˣҲõĴ󣬸޹أֻǺżȻõħֵ֮о׹Žҵʽ֮УΪͿƿҵô̫ˣҺķʮʱ䣬긴һѪɵĴΪٸߣҲƿˣ
ӰٺЦƺԼĲʮġ
ԭ۽ǵӡʧӰ˵ȴǲʱƿģҲͣʮʱ䣬ҲȡǹǾ̫ˣҪȥ㡣
ԣðҷˣʵûͻҳϣ֮ǰ㣬ûԶĵˣֻԶ棬ңҰѴ򿪣ȡ߰ǹӴ֮ǾˮˮΣ
ӰĬȻջ˵
ȻҪħģ¶䣬֮⣬һһѪ֮ԼҲǩҲܰ󣬷ǲġ
ʼڳ˼ƺѾ޼ƿʩʱ򣬺ӰԽԽ⡣
аСӣ϶̰ǹòȻưոݣû£ֻѡҺϹѪ֮ԼֻҪһǩͻܵ䣬ٺ١ʱɻصУûлᣬΪʤɣ
СҲĥһ꣬ѽͷ֮ޣ
Ӱţû׹⣡
ͬʱҲͷǸʡ͵ĵƣ֮ǰĽթƻܲ˳ʵʩûаա
°ͣźӰƺڳ˼ʲôƵĿ⣬ȴúӰе㷢顣
ƺղŵ˼һ㣬Ҫͷʱȥˣ·һ£Ҫ֪һ㡣
ʲô㿼ǺûУ
Ӱ˵ȴ㡣
ʱͻȻЦˣ˵Ǻˡ
٣ʶʱΪܣɱңûκκôǹ˵֮أٽ⿪ҵķӡǩѪ֮Լսթͷϵ˵ǣҸ㣬ֻԼħԣš
ӰͷڲŵؼʱҪʹӦУܸоĻ̫أûаա
ãͽ⿪ķӡ
Ƿһ˿ȣһУɿռͺӰڵĿռ䳹׸ں֮֮£֪̽ȥҪƿɿռĽС
һĻӰЦһ㲼ô٣ǲ̫ˡ
Ӱ˵ţȴЦܣôܣҾӪʮĴҪǾôˣʧ̫ˣҪˣҿյѪӶҵħҶҪӱֻ
Ӱ˻𣬱ȴ糣
ʱȴƽ֣֮䣬ռŤһɫл֡
ҡͷҲܣΪñ˷ְˡ
˵䣬һҺɫ建֡
ɫعӣ沼·ħɣ
Һɫ壬ӰͫһϵħǿԼȴľĸо
ʲô
Ӱǿ򶨵ʵ֪ôģойĺ⡣
ҽħϹҽĳɾͣһǰͰɡ
˵ȻںӰȴ񷢲ʲô˼
˵ģôħʾܣȴܸԼѵ˵
ӰδӦͻȻ֮䣬ħͬĩһ⣬˲˺Ӱֻо·걻˸ʴԵҺ֮У˴̶ʹļУ

ӰҵȻ壬ħ֮Уµĺɫ˺ѣ
㡭Ҫʲô
̶˻ԺĮĵ㲻ȤǼȻ˵뿪òǹֻĨɱӡǣĶļ䣬Ѱƿķˡ
㡭˵ʲô
Ӱд󾪣ȥӦе˼ʶܿûڿµ֮Уޱߵʹ֮бĨɱ
ĨɱӡǵζֱݣӰоԼڱǧУ˺ҧ
Ƭ̣ӰӡǾͳʧˣ˴䣬ӡʧҲζĳ
һУЩ궼˽ȥ
һԲɣҪܳʱЩ顣
ӰļԽʮ꣬ʵ̫ӣһвҪļֱӶʱ䶼Ķꡣ
ļƬαڷӵϢ֮УѰҶԼĶ
Ḷ́˺ܾãģ˽⵽˺ܶණ
ӰʵͲһа飬Ѱҵ˰ǹ֮УǹΪԼ͸
֮ԻûΣΪǹ֮Уȷʵ־Ϊǹ飬һ飬ֻѾʧ֪ˡ
ǹôܻһаס
а밵ǹ֮󣬾ںǹ֮еĺϢ˼ԣֻȴаա
ôаĲα仯˵ԣűܿʥܹв˽ܣⱻǷ֣ȴֻ̫Щ˳ֺ¶ΪǿѸײڶ֮ƵȡǵѪ⾫
զ࣬а飬ǽƻԼܹҲĳɷ֡
ţͻȻһڣаļ֮УѰ˿ķ
ǹΧۼħĴ󲢲㾫ʮʱۣټ򵥵󷨶ƽ⣬ҵصļ䣬һУʱޱȼˡ


1711 ǹ
ʱ䣬аļ䣬õļȫԺ֮аĲռԼ硣
һ䣬һöͨڣͬʯһԲ壬Ǻ
뷨ܼ򵥣Ȼа˰ǹе־ôܹӵͳԼаɱ֮Ȼ˷ˣգոպá
аĲ뵵Χյ֮£һˮĺ࣬Щɫȫˣһʱ䣬֮ϵ·Եø䡣
һУһ
ķһḶ́øĵرϢöѾһӵʱ䣬ЩϢȫ֮УΪ˺ϵĻǳĿֲ֮󣬾ͻ൱ǿ塣
֮˰ǹ
̤Թŵĺɫʯ߶䣬ܸܵµ紵ëȻ
أ
һ֮ħе飬Ҳ˽ܣǱаɱڴˣĿٻԻ͵ǰ̣ҲΪơ
뵽Щпǧ
֮·ʵ̫նһСģٲ
ߵ밵ǹʮԶĵطŨµħѾγʵʻĹӰɱ
׼պаļ䣬һŹֵ·нÿһ̤֮ϣͬʱ˫ҲڴӡЩħܡ
밵ǹԽԽѾܹĸܵǹĿϢ
һѾʧȥǹǼˣĿֲҲ񾪾塣
뵱꣬ǹȻǿڵѪ
ЩڣӢܡĹ֣ǵУоţ̫ޣѾ˵̫塣
塢塢ѪѾʡ츳ڰǰʱȴ
Ǹʱࡢ塢ʥ廹С̫ʮ죬֮ͬսϣܱ
ǹȾôǿѪپĻŨԪʮ취ȥߵѪǹƷʣѾﵽľ硣
ֻǲ֪ǹ鵽ȥ
Ƿ׷·뿪ˣ
ֻߣסµʴѾɢ֮ˣ
ͷʵǣǹڣôǹᷭ౶
ȷе˵ӵİǹͲһˣȫԲʹߣԼս
·ˣ·˻ķʹùһʱİǹ飬ҲͨΪ˵ãʵǶܴﵽ𾳽ˡ
Ҳ˵İǹδǶ֡
ߵúСʱʱ䣬˰ǹǰϵǹµϴǹûаֻһЩ׾·ģа߲İɫɢУƺѪմȾ֮پƾõµĺۼ
ֺۼ
΢΢ľ˵һѪմȾ֮󣬸ºۼο˰£ʲôѪĺۼͻɳˡ
ڣߵôѪֻһֽͣµ˰ǹմѪĳǿڡ
ֻѪ⼣İߵ㡣
Īʯ·һʱڻпǸ̫ǸˣҲҲԽ
Ѫô
΢΢Ĭ֮һס˰ǹǹˡ
һʱ䣬·ľԺƺɱϹսֱ⣬غƽ٣䡭
ֻƺԽǧ꣬ǳԺкȴֻһ˲䡣
ǣ
ȫֳɫӡǹϵİγɭǹ⣬صĺɫʯ˯˰İǹؼա
ǹУĵһоǡء
ǹصıµԳ˰ڽʲôϴɵġ
ǹҲǳ
ѵõǣ˳صĲϣȻǹ˵ԣֻⵯҪ൱ֲչֳ㿪ȫǹˣҲֻСҪһ¸ܡ
˼顣
ĸпԼΪţǹǰֲõĸоǹǹĵԣڵ徳磬׽ĸо
ʶЩЩ̣Ц¿˻ѾĻҪõǹƾǵϵ㰵ǹ֣Ҳֻܸɵۿţʹá
ڰǹǰϵ粻㣬㻻һַʽԾԪϵ߶ǹԥĿа֮һֳ̣а֮Ӱ
糱ˮһԪʱӿǹӿ
أ
ǹ߲ܣеȫעУͷ·һ޵׶һ㣬ƾע
һֱһԪþע˼֮ǹûʲôķӦֻǹϷĺâѣһעĻâҪȼһ㡣
Щʵ飬ЦѣѾȷڵʵȻǿʹ˰ǹǹʮ֮һӲԪϵͲ˵ˣ巽棬ҲҪٿһܽǹ硣
ðǹ˵ĻȻܹǿɱӦģѪҲǳˡ
ⰵǹڵһǲܳãֻǿĵʱóɱﵣǹѾԽ鱦¹شϢ䣬죬ôҪԺܶܵ׷ɱˡ
ţǹ
ȻõһƽʱҪ÷Ѫǹǹֻܵƴĵơ
Ѫǹһɳıպ󣬷ѪǹҲȻ鱦ҲԼ飬ֻǸ̫Ҫǧ󣬷ѪǹŻչֳµԳɳ̫˵ʵ̫ˡ
뿪طʱңԶߣͻȻһֱʣ
΢΢һȥֻƣ֮ϣƣΪķ¶һڵĿռѷ
ռѷԽԽԽԽǧԶҲĿѷ֮еľƺһ磡
һѵǡĵ㿪ô
ĲеߣһĻ龰һʱ䣬˵


1712 ̨ͨ
ÿһ㶼в֪ͬʲôĿռѷȥֻǸƺһ⣬ӸԶˮһŤͲϵͲʡ
չǿռѷȥ
Ѿ˵ĲڵĲжΣкܳһξ롣
ʱѾвһߵˡ
ܹĲɱߵģһЩһ϶ŵɷռһ䣬Ϣ
ͷϣ˸µĿռѷͬ޵ľ޿ڣڲ֮䡣
ʦ
ͻȻ˽ԼתͷһԼưܣǱˡ
Ƕֵܣ֮ǰĲ󣬾վԳȡ
һ·ҲŸֶΣѣò׵ȵ˵ռ俪ʱ
ڵĲȻûʲôԵҲɵһЩҩݣҪǣǸԵɶȶﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ࣬ʱõĽ
ǡ
˵ͷǴкˣ̧ͷգôľ룬ѾĿռ֮УɢŻĹϢ磬ѷĸ߶ȣᳬ
Ѿڲܽô
תͷꡣ
ҡͷϲȥռڣпµѹкȥɸ߶Ⱦ͸о򱻳գɲˣǹѹҲܲס
֮ǰԹˣһ㿪ʱ˻ŵһʱȥҲʲôԵԼͷˡ
ֻȥɶ࣬ͷɲˣһ·۵һ
ô
°ͣ˼ӵѹԽ߿վԽ󣬼㻻ȥҲܷɵռѷ촦һ֪ʲô취ˡ
ţͻȻܵһɺһݣתͷȥֻңԶߣһѸȽ
֮ǰܵһɹɴ̹ĺġ
һֻǰֻһµŮӡ
̣һ·ĵطװعɭ֡߹ĴأƬƬĶᡣ
ʥ
һͣס˺ʥһܹƿʼշ飬һΣɱ̫ӣ
˶˻ʥת˲䣬ѾǰƮɢı𣬷·޾ĺ˼䡣
̹ǵĺһ̲ͣĴɢӡڵĴضʼһЩ˪
ܹӵĲռΧһֱߵĪʵڵ콾һЩ˻ǵܲסǹ캮Ȼ˿˼
ɺ
ͫ΢ЩȵĶǰŮӣӡУʥȻĸ߰ƽʱ͵ͱ˲ǡ
һоʥƺǰһЩͬϵһ۷ۣɴɴ˿
ɳϸģ˿˸
Ƿ·ܹĺ˿ɢ
ⶫ
ȻûĻ˿ʥ֮ǰûУôʥӵĲȡģ
ʥ֮ĿѲһĿ΢΢ۣͫ˸һĨɡ
ĸоȻȴǰǿ࣬·ٴ̥ǡͬʱƺйĪɷĺƣ֪ڵĲоʲô
Ȥ
ʥǷһ΢Ļȣʱܺãԭ˿
ûв´һʥͷ˿ȴûȡֻһǣһʥģһĲ㣬ֱǵص㣬Ѿۣڽ˿ȡ
˿ǹԵ鱦þǻؼĺʥмİ
ʥȻЦţʱ΢΢һ̧ͷͷա
ҲһݣҲ̧ͷ
¡¡
ڸ߿֮УһɻʼӴУת
ԼԼģһſŷ·ǳķĿʼ˸
ЩģÿһŶ·ǳĹµӴ޼ЯһĶϢͷ
ÿһŷĶȫͬ׾ģһַ·֮Դо
ǡ
˶̧ͷ졣
Ǻ˵Ĳ㵽ڣΪнɣȥ㣬䣬תˡ
ˡ
зĿʼһ˸Ŵһɹɾâ䣬еĸͶȥȻٻʲôһ
ģе䴦ʵĹ⡣
һɺޱߣļµĲʼϵĽӽ
ɺĿķ׹䣬ΧƳɫ磬ɽ䡣
ȻǧɿڶѨ
һſŵѪɫģʯ׷׽䣬ڴϺɲڶѨЩѨӲԨ
µƣаԾʱǳɫĵطа֮Զ֮Ѫ󣬾ǡͻͽٴξ̲סһĳҡҷ
ЩţһɫЩףڴﴫӴѹԼǾ˵ķ磬˼ǿĸ
м˵ģ嶼
ĹԽԽҫۣſµһޱߵİɫʯ̨˸ӿȵ⣬գел¶
¡
ʯ̨׹أ
ⷽʯ̨Թۻ룬·浮̺֮޾µĲɣϢһ۸߼ʡ
ʯ̨֮ԶɽϵĽӣлޣһжԪŨϴӣ
ʯ̨ٲȻһǳһ㣡棬һɹɵط򣬽ռ䣬Ԫк
ķģⷽʯ̨Χ˸硣
취ʮ֮һķоʯ̨ķļ¡
ϵĺɫڿתйâ
һΣһѪȳѪɫʯ̨
һʯ̨ȸղŽһɫʯ̨Сһ㣬йϣһ޼ʵĻȪɭɲѪϢѪʯ̨Χ
׹ɽɱĶħ鲼Ѫǳ棬ȻҲһʮ֮һơ

½½ģһʯ̨Ӻɫ
ÿһʯ̨㹻ĲԹۻ룬Яһֲͬʮ취
Щʯ̨һһСһ̨ͬһ㣬ֱͨʣ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶ˣΪռѷ֮½ɣǲܷɵ㣬ôֻһ޴ʯ̨ȥ
Ϊ׼̨ͨס
ֻ̨ףδҲֲ̫Щ
˶˵ڽ֮УĿۣͫ㶵Ķǰ޴ޱȵ̨ͨףз˾κˡ
ʯ̨һһȥʮף
Ĺ죬ĸо
ⲻą̇̄
оĪʮǰμһ䣬ݣ̨
Ƿ̨ǺƵģѵķ̨֮У


1713 ʵǷ̨
ʮʯ̨˴칲ķ˸߼ʣ޼ɢһɹļµѹ
޴ķ̨ȣĲռߵɽ壬СС
ƺ̨ÿһ̨ףһǳ
ļµǣƺԼÿһ̨棬һ޴ӰӰɢķϢͬʯ̨ĴںΪһ壬ȱ
̨ĶˣǾ޴Ŀռѷ죬ͷų޾磬ÿһ⻪Яſֲ˺գԶ
һɹ쫷磬ڴݺύԨΧߣվȡ
̨Ƿ̨
Ѿȷϣʮ׷̨ÿһ̺ķ򶼲ͬ˵һһ磬ֱִʣҲֻ·ܹƳ
Ƿķ̨ô£
ѵ˵·˵ת
ͷ·תʮһһһһ񣬰ա顷˵·ÿһһʱ䣬ÿһɾǿߣʮںΨһųԽ񾳽硣
˵·תĿܾͲˣΪ·˴ڰǰǰǸ̫Ե·Ǹʱ򣬾ӦѾʮת·
ֻǴʮǰǸʱ棬Ѿ塢ʥ塢嶦ʱ̫Զˡ
οһƺΪƽٶ·ת¾ͲΪɵ³ˡ
ķ̨ƺҲˣܹƷ̨Ϊǫ̃ƬϷ̨ʮ죬ҲῴӰˡ
뵽ЩƲ⣬ʮǰӦҲĲ㵽̨ףʮ̨֮󣬷ƾԼ򣬴Լķ̨
̨Ϊ˷ı֮һ
뵽Щƽû뵽˻ʮǰҲʮϹʯ̨
һתͷʥֻʥʮ׷̨Ҳƽ̬ƺҲǵһμ̨
ǧ򻯣ÿһȫͬһΣʥĲ̤ʱ򣬲ûо̨
ôʯףȥô
ܶ߿޴ޱȵķ̨һʱ䲻֪ˡ
ˣɣϲȥ㣬ֻһһˣʯ̨϶ô
٣ĲһôùģɣɶǶ٣
ڳ߶һۣ׼ǵкܶˣѾˣĵ㣬ʻȵĲѣ
⣬ǴҲֹڴˡ
ϣ
һʱ䣬ڶǷ׷׳̨߸
汻ʱǿȵ̮ȥǽطͬԾһ㣬̨һȥ
ռѷ֮£ɸ߶ȣܷеģԽϣѹԽ
ܶ߷ɵһٶɣͳܲסµѹ׷ڷ̨ұ֮ϣץŴֲڵʯڣʯϽٶȷԾ
һһΣЩһʮɾ룬ٶȷɿ졣
ڷ̨£һпܿͷһ㣬̨ϵѹÿ˶Ϊߵߣ̨һҲΪ͵ɡ
ΪԽǿܵѹԽ󣿡
ܶ߷һ㣬̨ϿյѹΪһصķԽǿΪȥķԽΪߵߣûаơ
ǵΪߣ涼һͿߣͻԴ
̨֮ľǸ
˼֮ŵѶȿ䣬̨ѶȿΪڵͻư벽ʥ̨ѶȼӴˡ
ߵķʽ츳ʵ־ʣȱһɡ
Щͷж󼸲ڴûеһʱȥ̨ģЩʱôˣһֱûСħɵӰ
ȻиоСħɵʵˣĲʲôΣղǣǹңôòСħɡĽµ˳֣Զġ
֮⣬ʥҲûƯʮɵĸ߶ȣƮƮ£˿ѩ
ʥһӣϲصļǱˮϳˢĶʯһն׳
֮ǰʥҪʥ׷ߡ
ӱ֮һһ·ϵ͵ޱȣ©ɽˮҲжʵһ
һ㿼飬ƺǲ̨ü˵
ʥҡͷ̸ϣһǹƽ飬䣬ֻĲԺ󣬾û޲ˣԺÿһο飬ΪƣҲҪơ
ʥΪš
е޲飬ֻĿ飬ЩεĲ֣ȴǽ߷ͬһˡ
֮ˣ̨Ҳˡ
ĵ㣬Ҳˡ
Щʥ׼
߰ɡ
ʥ˵ţֱ̨ɶȥ档
ʥյʱΪΪߣܵѹ̫أϵԪ뷨ѹ֮ľײҫ۵⣡
ͣ
ĳ֮£Χʥߵһ׷鿪գ
ʥ̨ƣԶܹġ
һʱ䣬ܶ߷׷׻ٶȣʥĿǾ̾η֮ɫ
Զһߵѹ֮£ʥҲֱϣٶȱκ˶죡


1714 Сħɵı仯
˵ĹעУʥֻ˰Ĺ򣬾ȵ˷̨һףˣģҲֻķ֮ѡ

֪ܶ̾ʥ˵ѹǵʮʮǼˣҲܵһʱϷ̨һף࣬Լ
Ҳǵãʥ֮⣬лм
һСħɣоǺ̫ӡ
أ̫أȥˣ
Ѿһʱ䣬ǻвûиϵûҲͰˣס̫֮ӲǾ˸еԾˡ
Ǹ·ߵŮӣҲǸˣôҲû
ǶһۣоͬѰ
ʱһֱûԶĸţҲ԰ģСħɵٶʵ̫ˣò˼롣
ʧٵ̫ӣʥƺû⣬û׷˼⣬ʥԣ̫Ҳֵӣܵõ̫ӡŵÿһܻһģɹˣһһʥ⡣
ĬĬĵȴģܶѾϷ̨һ㣬׼ڶˣʱͻȻһվҰľͷɿһȴܵСħϤϢ
ʱӰ֣߳ٶȼ죬Ƭ̾ǰСħɡĽµˣŶ档
˶𣬼ȺеСħɣ˼СЩƣ֮ɫ۾֮Уȴ˷ܡ
ָ磡
СħɻĽһ
ɶôô١
СħȻǱЩǾͷȴǳãġ

СħɵһЦ˸ӣʱķ֣СħɵϢĲͬˡ
СħͨСħϵı仯ܸܵõ֣СħɵѪڵ֮Ҳʢ
ͻˣ
ͷǲ鿴Сħɵ磬Ȼڡ
Сħɵٶһֱ죬Ϊ̤ǳɹСħɷ˦Ѿǰ벽ʥˣСħûиʮͻơ
Сħɵ޾ԪϵȻΪûͻƣϢȴ˱仯ѪʢͷͬѰˡ
Сħɵ֮Уһ˿Ԫ֮
ԭСħ˫ޣȻ˵СħҲõ˼ĺôԪ֮ȴʵʵڵıȡˣڣȻ۵ƣ⡣
Ȼ䣬ˣɶ˶
һɷͬСɣ
˾Ŵ߰˾ŴηǳѣǰȻ˵һЩҲֻɶѣ
ˣҪǰ֪ҪµĻۣСħʮʱ䣬˵ڶ
԰СħʮֿģĲõһ˶»мʱأ
Сħ˷ܵ˵ţҲдϲ·УСħһֱԼĻԵֻ࣬һΣСħմԼĹҲõ֮֮⣬СħһΣСħҲõһԼĴԵ
̫ˡ
ԵĵСħħʼһ޷ĺᣬ޷ˣˣڻʥǰҲʲôɾŴҲ񾳽磬ɾŴ˺ٺ١
ʥѾ񾳽ˣҪսĿ񾳽ļ£
£˵Ȼʥ
Сħȴͬӵ츳ͬʱ̳ħʼһѧϰ
ȻѪ죬ȻɳͿɴﵽ𾳽磬ȴࡢʥ塢˦ʮ֡ҲǴȻƽ⣬Ѫ壬Ƿ£Ǳޡ
Сħȴƽ⣬ӵѪĻϣӵжԺټһֱͻԵǱѾˡ
ĲɶֻǿʼδȻԽԽŵĳɾͣ
ʱĽЦΣǻǿɶСŵþˣؾеĹҲʵ̫ǿˣɶСڹؼʱɹ֮վЩܻܲһδ֪
Ľ赭д˵ţȴ˺ܶϢ·ĲľҲ֮
ɨһǧ󻨻˶ϴˣѪģȻ˲ҵս
֪СħɶҪһȫĻĻҪĽ¡󻨻ƴȫС
еգ
һĽ¡ŵˣе˵ллˡ
ֵĻֻǾӦģοûɶС㣬ǶҪǸطˣ·Ĳ㣬ǲɱ
󻨻ˬʵ˵˵ⷬˬʵĻЩ죬ʱȴܸܵеϡ
Ϣһ£̨
תƴķ̨
ڴ֮ǰĽµͿ𺳵ĳҪء
ôĽ¿ʵǵڣ
ԣ
ͷԽһ·̨Ĺ
Сħ˵ָ磬ⲻǰô
СħҲڵֻûвμӷ̨ĸˣǷ̨ȴ֪ģҲ֪ڷ̨ϵǶ
Ҳķ̨ĸйأȥ֪ˣ
˵䣬Ľµˣʼ͵شϢڸϺõҩ֧֮£ûöþͻָԪ
ʱ򣬷̨ϵѾ̨ĵ㣬Ĳˡ
ߣ
վ˵


1715 ʥ˼
Ƕˡ
ڷ̨ϣܶ˿ʼ̨龰
ڶˣ֪ıֻΣ
츳֮ͨźѾõ֤ǻǸоЩţϾƾðģʥıݣμӹõ˰ٷ֮ʮϵɶȡ
Ȼ˻пֲ츳ЩûͺñڸƵĴ֮Уһ۵Ķֱһ˾Խܡ
ܶˣڹעаʥ
ƺرעǸꡭ
ʥߣĸʵ
ʥףˣرЩǡʥ䡷мصʡ
ʥ䡷
ȻʥĻȻһ
·Ļԣʥ䡷һ˵ȻЩ˿ܿʥ䡷ĸƱ硶ʥ䡷ּ飬ԭ硶顷ǰ㣬ɸƣνĸƱֻܸһЩƤëǧûֵ̫
Ϊʥ׷ߣȴ֪ʥ䡷汾䡣
ʥ䡷ڻʵУʥ׷֪˶Ŀʮߴڣ
ʥô꣬Ҳδʵֻʵѣǻʵ񾪼£궼Ϊ̡
ɣܹͳʮ£ܴһҪ鹦ڡʥ䡷
ܣܹ޵˾磬ΪʱżȻõˡʥ䡷ĻԵ
˶֪ʥġתôģһͬڷ˾Ŵ湦ÿһתһת֮ľ綼֮伸󾳽磬ޣ
һ׾ĹΪ˹ҪгʮٶȣԽԽͣһ޳ɣͿӲߵ츳ʣǳ죡
ŴޣÿһζһĻۣʥĳɾͣ츳֮⣬ҲתֱӵĹϵ
·Ĺ۶ԡתҲǼΪƳۣһضĹֱǴһ׶ط򣬾һܹġ
ڡתֻһЩ²⣬ܿ϶ȴ֪ת׼ȷ
ڡʥ䡷ǡʥ䡷һ֣
ʥ䡷Ǻ׫дȴδ֮գʥ䡷ǲǻ׫дģһδ֪
»ʣҲܻش⡣
ʥͻȻ˵ӵСʥ䡷صʣܲľ
˵ѵǡ֮ꣿ
ԣֻѣ֮ĻҲҪػġ
õʥ϶ĻشгԾٶϧ֮˽٣ֻ֪ʮѾ˰ꡣ
֮֮꣬ʯ봫˵翵йء
ֻ֮꣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ţʱҲ˷̨ĵһ㡣
ʵǷ̨ʮɣŷֲ̨ڵʯڣҲھĸŷ̨̺⾳
ʣ·ķ̨ԶǺƵķ̨ƷܱģֲҪڷ̨̺⾳ϡ
̨ÿһ̺⾳ʮ취һ֡
֮ǰ߹ʯ·Ѿһʮ취̨ٴЩ
ԣʮ취ȫİ㾫ĶҲǳޣǻŻٶȣһһȥܣѵõĻᣬЩУ˷ӡ
ٶȲ죬ڱʵô
ʼչע˵̨ѣϾķ̨ʮףֻǴĲ㵽̨ף̨ϣ̭һˣҲ൱һߣϷִ̨㡣
ǣڸ⾳ʥζĿһۣü΢΢ʲôʮ취Īޱ鲻ɡ
ʮ취򣬰󣬲ô֣벻ߡ塢Ԫ
ÿһϵʮһַڲͬ壬Լķδ޳ɣοȥķʥǸǲܵ顣
һˣ˫ޣǷ˫޾Ѿ˲ã޾ЩøԶ
ʮͬޣʥǷˡ
ʵϣʥĹ·ˣҲʺÿһÿһһ꣬ĳЩķϣҲ
·ȴһַ⣬Ǿǡ
ʺĳһַһڸ÷ķɣԪʯ̥ôġ
ʱţڳǣԽԽߣģ·һӢеľӢӭŷ̨ѹȴû˳ܲסֻٶȵĲ
һˣ뵱һ临ʱȺʵĲ𣬵ʱ̨ǣ֮⣬ڵŲڤʥص޾˶ûС
޾һĺĵӣЩĺĵӲԶ

ʱ֮ЩѾձ˶ʮ㡣
ʥǵִʮĸ߶ȡ
ʱ򣬻ڶʮ㣬ŷ̨ϵķ⾳ʶĲ㵽֮ķ̨˵һ飬ʵȴһǵ·ˣǵȻˣȴ֮٣Ҳֻ·ӣʮ̫Զ̫Զ
̨صڷ⾳ϣѹǶҲѡ
ͷռѷĸ߶ȣҪϷ̨ʮһſԵִֻᱻ̭
֮ǰ̭ʣÿһ̭Ķ̫࣬Ӧд󲿷ܹʮһ㡣


1716 
̨ϵķ⾳ϸ⾳ϴһֱʵǵ˷̨ʮ㣬ٶһʼ죬ǺѾ׷ˣΪǰѾвΪ̨ѹ󣬶ٶȻ
Ͼ̨ûʱƣٶһЩȻָܹ
ʮ˲㣬ѹѾǳֲ
ʱ򣬻ṷֱ̂߱϶ʮŲұڣµѹͬٲһкѹϵѹԾģ
һЩߣʱе֧ˣ
ҵֽѾľˣԪҲʣ²ˣһ㣬мɡ
һĺӣʮŲ̨ɵʱѾӽޡ
ЩˣôûһֲסġѵǸǸ
̨ʮ㣬ľǸΪߣʵȴģעҪ̭
ֲڵķ̨ʯڣѾĥ˺ӵָо֫ԽҲأѾ֧ˣȫˮ죬ÿһҪ㾡ȫǼˣٶҲڹ꣬ڶʮŲȴңңڡ
ݣ
ʱһӿƫУ嵽˺ӵ֮Уҽһֱӵȥ
ɸߵķ̨ڿµѹ֮£һڵϻˤúܲңӣʱ̣ҧ⣬ǿԼѹŶߺķҧ߶ԪγһԪܡ

̨ұھҵײԪ̼ˤ÷飬ӰһֱˤñѣȫѪ
ôǱסˣҪʵǷ̨ȴǲˡ
ǣĲ㵽̨ͨʮŽ׵ʱһ˱̭
һֺ̭ԽԽҲټˡ
̨֮ãҪӵгǿߵޣһһ׷Ԫľټޡ
棬ѪǿʥߵȻкܴƣҲƣǾǿޣԳԾѹܿ죬ǾΪ֧ܡ
ʮʱɵߣû
ʮ㵽ʮһ㣬ѹһΣһ㣬ǼΪؼһ㣬Ϊʮһ󣬾ĿռѷܽˣֻҪȥζܹ̤㣡
ֻҪ㣬ǵɶȾһΣٴﵽٷ֮ʮϣﵽٷ֮ʮ
ٷ֮ʮϵɶȣһУǾޱˣɶȣΪδ֮·ĻԻսһǩպУɶȣԴռܴƣδķչοٷ֮ʮɶӦĽҲʮַ۲
ƾͷ֧ţܶѾ;ƿݣټ޵ʱӲ͸֧ʮһ㡣
һʮһ㣬˵ϣûˣ˵ȥǸӿֲʮ㡣
Ϣһ£ȥȴ֣ʥʱѾ˷̨ʮ㣬ʼʮҼʮĿֲѹҲֱϣˮ
ǿ֪ʥΪǸ߳һ󾳽磬ٵѹҲǵʮϣǼˣû赲ĽŲ

ǻһܵǶ
Ƕʲôʯ̨ʮĽףʮ׵ĻʥȥûӶǶˡ
ʥҲʼܸʥٶȣʮֻЩˡ
ʮһ㵽ʮ㣬ܶѾĲߣѡ˼սУһӺһŮʮעĿǼǳʥ֮⣬ٶˡ
һһŮȻ˴ʶ֮ӱۿҪʮˡ
˭
֪û
ӺŮû֪ǵ֣ǵĴϣҲжϲ
˶Ĵ죬ɹִĵʮ㡣
ˡ֡
ڷ̨ұϣ΢΢֪ôģǸоһһŮϢЩϤֻȷûһһŮ֮ǰУΪڶ࣬Ҳδעˡ
֣ЩŲסˣʮ㣬ҿϲȥˡ
ߣһתͷȥ˵󻨻һ·ϣСħʼո󻨻ŵһټǵٶһֱεģڵһѾʮʱˣʮһһɶѡ
šʮһ㣬Ҳ̤ĵˡ
˵ţȴ󻨻߲ԶҲ㺹죬ͨ죬Ȼǵˡ
ܵżһ˿ЦݣֹӣҲˣܾҪ͸֧ˤʱӰԼ㷴˶ơ
á
˵ͷһˣҲֻСħɣǶûκ⣬ˣʮ㶼ǳǿ
֮ǧĽҲ׷׷ɿұڣʮһ㡣СħɣȻ˳ʮ㡣
ʮһĲ˶ѣߣֹʮһ㡣
һϢĺӺŮ΢΢һ£ʵ֪λǡ
ǣ˴˻ʶһҲͬİ·ͻȻѯʶ˵֣ȴ΢΢һ
ǵȻϵ֮ͨŵ֮ӣǶжһݾηǶǿߵ𾴡
˶һۣŮ˵³ء
죡ӽſڡ
³أ졭Ȼûţֻǵͷ΢΢һЦʶˡ
ָ磬ȤߣСħɲʵӡУһ㲻İ˽Ӵ
ֻЩֵϤаˡҲֱͣʮ㡣
ϵʮ߶ϢΨСħɣҪκϢǶʮֲڵʯڣٶ˿·ӭӴѹǶԸƵġ
һĻڳ˰զ࣬û˻ܵǶû˻ʥܵǶһ
һ临ʱ򣬴ʮ㵽ʮҪ֮ĳ̨ϣȴˣеģԽԽֲѹԼʮ취
˼ʮɵʱʥȴѾʮ㣡
ʥǶ龰һȻ֪ʥ츳Ⱥô͵ǶҵǶ֮һ֮Ƶ̬ľ
ʥıζҪ£
ʥǶһ˲䣬̨¡¡Ŀռѷ죬ڽĺ£
ǣ
ռϲ㲻ϵļѹռѷ콥Сƣӷ̨ʮһ£ȫᱻ£Ŀռϲѹ棬ʮһϵߣ˳ĵ㡣


1717 
ʥϷ̨ʮ죬һźţЩûܵϷ̨ʮһ׵ǣۿſռѷ켴£ҪڵĲ㣬ж˲ʡ
Ǵʱλãں£Ŀռѷ죬ǧɶѣƽʱ룬ֻҪһ˸ܵ죬ȴ˲Խǵ
ڿռѷ쿪ʼ£ʱСħɣӭǿͿѹ̨ʮ㡣
ɶ֮СħһҲٶ˿ѷ
ˣǿ¡
ʥߣ˵ǿʥȻҲʮ㣬ȴҲǳ
⣬ܵʮֻĸˣǾʥСħɣ˶ûϣˣ³غͻ죬Ҳʮһѡ
ȷʵǶˣҲܳΪͨһɡ
ʥĻһǴ㳢ȥĵ㣿
֪㣬˵ļˡ
ǻ󣬻컯ʥӣǵ궼δͨ㣡
ʵϣ֪ʮûʲôͨĵ㣬Ժ󵽵ʲôΪֹǸԡ
㡭Ҳ̫ϣ޷ͨ㣬һεɶȣҲԴﵽٷ֮ʮϰɡôһֿͨĻҵɶҲﵽٷ֮ʮˣߡ
ʥһٷ֮ʮ˵Ļ;ٷ֮ʮܽˣ
ɶȰٷ֮ʮζһηԾҲɶȻõĽ
ʥ˵ţСħѾ̨ʮǧɴǶѾֻʣ¼ˡ
߶ȣǵٶȻѾ̨˻Ѿˡ
֮Сħ˳Ƕ
վʮĸ߶ȣֱʥվ˵ǰĸܵʥĺϢͬ޾ĺ˼䡣
һվǰԲλ֮ĵľŮӣֻվͬŮ
ô
ʥ촽˵
Ժܶ˵ܱʥǵ֣ĪҫˣΪʥУ˸⡣
ǰ
΢΢֣ˡ
ʥͷպɾͲҲй֮޲
ʥ嵭ԭǶ̾ĻСħɶȴôˡ
ʥֻͨ켶Ѷȵķ֮ţȻɡԲ֮ͨͨŻԶȴ˵պĳɾͣҲȵù
Ҫͨ޼Ѷȣô˵СħɵȻûǰ˵ֻǹͣӦõġ
ͨ켶Ѷȣʲôʸô˵
Сħԭ첻µزµԸ񣬼ڻʥǰҲӳ̲סƲƲ죬˵ָδȻǰ;ġ
Ȼûֱ˵ʥǱȻ飬ı顢̬Ѿһ㡣
Դˣʥֻ΢΢һЦԡ
ʥһԣȴüͷһ壬Ŀʱ
ԭʥ˵ӵӣǲģСħɵ̬ȣʵ²졣
һ˵ȸ֪֪˻ǲҪ̫δĳɾͣģǽ쿴ģֻɽһǶѣΪļޣЦ
ЦԭãʥղŶѾǿˣʲôʥй֮޲ǿ˵ǶԺ󱲵Ĺѣû뵽û˵ʲôߵŮȴ飬һ˵ӡ
ʮ죬˭Ҳ˵⻰
ʥ֮ǰֻͨ켶֮ţˣʥġתֻתѣתĵߡˡתѣ̬ġ
ʥתս֮š
ڰתǾͨ
ڵھתǾͲˣ
֪ʥôһֱʣʵʵһµļƻ
Ȼ֪ƻʲôԿ϶ƻܹɹôʥͻʣﵽԶĸ߶ȣûΪʮף
Ȼ漰˻߻ܣȻ˵
£СħȴΪδĳɾܳʥȻ֮Աˡ
СħɲʲôȴסʱʥҲֹĵ񣡡
ǣ
Իʥʮֵģͷĵ𾴡
ʥͷ˵㣬ǻҪİ
ʥ˵ţ⣬ʥʵȻҪѰԼİ
ʥûϸ˵ǵ֪ˣȥɣ㣬ر𡭡
ʥ˵䣬ĿռѷʱѾȫ£Ĳ㳹׷ָ̨ϵѹҲȻʧ˶оһᣬܴˡ
վڷ̨ʮ㣬Ըռ䡣
㣬ûеôޱߣǰĲ㣬һҪС֪ܶ࣬۳ֱߵĻܹ̽⵽ı߼ʡ
һƬΰ磬أǻдƣÿһƬƣޱȣ·ҪγѪ
ȵÿ£֮ϣͬƮʯɰƺȼա
һɹɱŰϢ񾪼£
һ㡭
ȵĻӿһɲ֮Уƺһ㣬Ϊ¡
ڷ̨ϵߣҲƵĸоڻԵĴʹ֮£ܶȴԾԾԵ·̨Ҫȥһ̽Ͼʱ򣬻ԵȵȵãȻðһķա
ǡòҪǰˡ
ʱһÿ˵ĶУǶʱŲһ٣˵ˣʥ
ʥƮƮͬ˼һӷ̨Ʈ£ڵ״̬׶༪٣һ㣬ֻΣգûлԵӦ˵һĻԵҪġõģ⡮ʵΪ£˭ɡ
ʥĻһݣʥû˸һɣǵˡ
Ϣգһж⣬ûаնһͨҪǵһЩ˵
ʥ˵䣬˶һɣʥȻҪǵ
ʥʵɱǵκһ˶ֻһͷ飬ھȻ˵Ҫǵ
㣬ʲôŹ֣ʥ˼ɵǣܷʲôã
û˶ʣ˶ʼϢܹʥ֣صһ㣬Σջж
ʣһСľͻɥ
СħɣҲʼϢԽԽΣգҲд
ʱ䣬ȥˣˣ״̬ʱʥվ˵ɡ


1718 
ʥĻ˶վǷ׷·̨̤˵㡣̭ˣһУһʮѡ
ɳڽɳɳ죬ıԪ˶еһ˿ͬѰ
ţҵΪ
һһݣ磬Ȼ֣һεķԽԽԭİ벽µܿ͵ʥ۷壬ʥڣһֱʥڲͣ
ҡֻʥΪˣ
󺧣ϰ˰벽ΪȻ䵽ʥھ磬һּȲȫĸоͺñȷ˵书ֱȥ书Ϊͨˣܻġ
Ҳǣ
ܶ˶ͬܽ벽۷ʥ̤֮һɱƵʥڵΪ
ֻСħǸ⣬ǺȻ֣Լ̤֮Ϊһ״ķӿǵ֮УǵΪֱʥڣ
ԭΪ˵Ϊһӡ
л򣬹ֲʥ˵̤֮Ҫ˵ʥΪҲʥˣûΥµĹ
ֹŹֵĹΪ˿ǣֶβ
߸п޲֮ŸݹѶȣ츳ٵ̨ΪѶȣ㣬ȴΪΪһôľǸ˵Ĺ裬ԼԷ⣡
ԭˣȤĹȻҵΪʥڣҵķ͹ڣһǱʥǿ˺ܶ࣡
߷һ㣬˵ף㣬ΪԽߣʱԽԽռˡ
һһǧˣһǧķ򣬾һǧĹһֻһˣ¶ʥڣսĲҲǼ
Ҳ˵Ĺ򣬶ǻǼΪ
ģСħɡ
ˣԭΪͲʥӲʥ磬ܹӵսҲһˡ
ҪԿˡ
ԡǳմˣһŪЩɶȣȡͻưٷ֮ʮ
ܶ˽Ԫš
˵ôôԻʵҲ޷ͨ
ЩʻʥûشȺ֮У˵㣬Ҳ˵һ㣬ƺ㣬Ѿʮͨˡ
ƮƮһ仰ڳһݣʮ꣬ͨ
û֮ʲôһֱǸԡ
ô£
ܶǱָˣʵʵʥ棬ʥеϣ
ʲô
ʥǰУĵĵ棬һſֲޱȵĻ澫Ƿˣʵޡ
Ϊûб壬ɻһǿͻͷųڳޱȵĻ棬˲һĴѪոɣ۳ɲǣⲻǣΪĿܡ
ʥ˵ţжȻһûб壬ɻͷųĻ˲ϹŶɿˣ
Щ˵ΪûѹƵ£ôңɼʥȫɱ
ڣ˵ΪƵʥ磬ܹɱĲ棬ҪĹȴǼΪΣյ飬û
ʥҲԳܡ
ֲûǰæ㣬ǷҪŶЭܹȥˡ
УеҲСϣ˵㣬ȴŶӺ
һΣҽ㣬ǲ桭
ʥ˵ţ˶˶䣬˿ֲĲ棬ȻʥЭǾ֤һֿܣɱ棬㡣
ƺʥ˼ֻҪɱ˲棬˶ܹأЩȻ˵ŶЭҲȻõʥõɶȣǸҲеȡ
һ㣬ǽ˵ȥĪҫ﹮Լλʱ
Ͼʮ궼ͨһ㣬ܼʶ˵еĵ㣬ôҲǴ޺ˣ
뵽˶лȣ׷׾ʥľ顣
Ĭһʥ治ɻǲǣÿιͷڵĻ澫һ澫ľͻһö˵ԡ̣
⽫ǶֵΨһᡭ
Բ棬һ᲼սˣս֮УЭңһֿͬĻֱ澫ľɷ˵һʩչȫһ
ܳɹܻǣɱ棡ʧܣô±ɷ̬ʱͲ̬ˣǺ̬ҲǲǾͿԷˡ
ʥ˵ţ˶΢΢㵣Ĺ澫ȡǿĹһľͻӻ̬ɺ̬
ԭˣޱϵԻ̬Ĳ棬ĹǿԺ̬ĲôĹͻۿۣԵڶιͲʵʩˡ
ܶʥĴ㣬ǳֵĻᣬֻһΡ
һʧܣֻϳˣΣա
ţʱӭԽԽǿͻȻ䣬ǰԶɳ׷ƿһɫͷ­ӵﹰ˳
ͷ
߽еЩͷ­ûһ˿Ѫ⣬նȼŹ𣬿ëȻ
ǲǣ
ʥߣһؽ
꣡꣡
ɫã׷棬
ǵȻǵã֮ǰʥ˵ɱߣճɷɻң˲ǣΪĿܡ
ȻǰЩͷνĲˣЩҲһ³
ЩǣЩһǳֲʥʥߣֻǷ͹治УҪǽ
˵䣬һɺϢʥɢΧĿռ䣬һʱ䣬ʥΪģΧɷΧƺһռ֮С
紵ԾԨԭȵĴأһı˪ЩǣҲƺ˪ᣬжȻۿе֮Ҳƺв
򡭡
һۿʥʩչһּ𼫸ߵ
򣬲˲ǵвԣҪǣγһռ䣬ƾⷽռսὫй¶ȥͲᾪˡ
һǵǳ⡣
ЩǷ̫ǿѱƻе֮𼴿ɱǡ
ʥ˵ֻǵĿθ˶ѣûзϣȲ棬̫ˡ


1719 ջ
֣
Ⱥ˴󺰡
ܹˣǾӢеľӢ콾սİնʮ׼ȷ
ЩǱʥͷųĺǻǵʱ
һʥȳ֣ʱ䣬Ѫ⵱˿˿Ƶİ׹⣬˺գĺ⣬𵴼ĺХ죬ͷӹƾˡ
һЩ׹⣬һЩǽϣ죬·ײֺδˣ⾪˵ķӡ֤ʥĻ
һЩ׹⣬˲ۿС
ֻҪ׹룬ۿĻⷢƵ죬Ϩ
߲Ǹո̧ĲӲաȥ˻֧ţ忪ʼשʯһƬƬ̮
ȺУȫƱϸֳѩۼסϹԪᴩأɷǾˡ
ײҫۻ⣬ˣֱһʮɿ⣬˺ѳĹ⣬ѸײڶĽһͷǵۿӲ顣
Ҳʥ콾츳˲аӲƾȭͷǲǶԺ䣬㹻ƬɽݻٵȭֻǽǲǺ˵ص£ԼȭͷȴҵƤѿ
ǲǴӵؿʥѧˣۿĻȥ
սԴݹķʽչ˶ս⼤
񫣡
ЩҲˣһɱʮ
ʱСħҲˣָֻⵯǹâɽɱۿе֮
Сħɣͷųһڻ档
濴ȥСһǣ˲Ϣ¡ͳɷ·ԷپصĻ棬ֻҪϲǣǲͫѸ
Ȼսǿ󣬿Աʥʥڵߣ̫ԣױԡ
ʥǰɳĲǣڶ콾ĳ£׷ѣ˲ûʲôš
ͻȻ䣬ǰɳȻʧˡ
һɫ·ǻ߰Ļ籡ž˵ķʡ
ޱ߻𺣵룬һӿ޻棬ڻϵĹµ
Ǹһֻˡ
ϸ棬ҫޱȵĻаɸߣա
Ŀռ䶼ȫƵĸ»飬¶޾ĺڰԨ
ʱϸСվȻһȼճһŵڶڡ
Ȼûпȴоһɾ˵ѹǻ˰Ļϴ˻ǶڲƺʱᱻǾѹ顣
һĻģǳǳΧǻ
ÿһ˸ͱǳһ纣Ĺ棬ڴϱɴɽĻ磬˺ѡȼտһɲĻ泤ӡ
ռ籩Хӿķ˺ѡ
ʥͷųı򣬶ǰľ˻ڵʡ
ۡۡۡ
𺣵УĻ棬һƻĲǡ
ͫ˸֮ȸղΧĲǸǿâ䣬ļ¡
ǵɫҲͨ࣬ɢϢҲɭȻɲ
Ŀٸǡ⻹вǴӻﻺ
棡˶ޱ߻ȫоɵĻˣľĽһ
·ǱһѣԭһӿĲ棬Ȼۡ
̫ұ䡪
ֲĻ棬·ܹᴩأǼеȥ
ǻ֮죬ֱӶʥı򣬺ˣ
ʥüһأĹٶʵ̫죬Ѿûս󣬾ҲȲˣ
ֻ͵һ죬ʱȫѪڣʼžȼգҽУµĴضڼȵĸڻ˽Һҽ
𡪡
ͻȻ䵹ĺǵһ߲ǣ˻ţȭͷϹЮϻ棬˳ȥ
ͻȻӰһֳֻؽ˳ȥɽؽֱӶⲻ֮ͫˢˢɱ
ϵĻ溡ǣ˵һĸоˣղŻǲսƺһš
ĻɱͻɲǡȻȵõʥѣѪܵʵǰëȻ
еʥ޵ϣеĸֳ֣صϵ˿ͻȻ俪ʼһ˶ķĿʼ˸ÿ˸һ£ͷųһĪ״ıϢ
һϢһȦȦģ·ɢһӵǧɵĿռ䣬һЩԵش˲ķΧ
ֱӸĻײ
ʥȫһϢ˫һƯ£·ѩƵľԪķɢݡ
˿һ𣬹һ˸ģʥΪĵ󷨡
󷨵еˣڣȻоеıʼһס
ȻбǷ̡ոոоȵˣһӻָ״̬
Ҳµġս󡯣棬ܴĻעҵĲҪ׳󣡡
ʥȻͬһʱ
һݣǲҵղǲɲǵͬǰ֮
ǻ˰Ĳ棬оı˴̼һ㡣ǵصĻӿ𣬲죬վͱ˻ĺޱ޼ʡ
ϣƬƬɽѷֽ⣬еĻ򵽣Ϊȵҽ
ǻĩհ龰
ǵҼŭңҪ
̧ͷͫһ˿顣
װֱӳ˵ԺţǲȶгһſȼѪɫ𣬷·Сɽʯ
·籩꣬ǵصںȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǣ׷ųˡ
ֻǸٱܵ壬һĺս棬ճҺ嵱Уû
ǼˣЩǱ֮ǰЩǿ˺ܶ࣬ҪɱǾɣ
οввѾ׹ĻʯȻЩʯ뼫ս˲䣬ʱıٶȳٻȥҪӦЩ׽⣡
һʱ䣬˿սǵɱҲüΪţ
Ȼ˵ʱ򣬳֮ǰȥǸţûˣսȥԱǳ飬Ҳ滹û֣ȴ벻ǵսĴȥȻΣ֮
һǳŲסǱɷ˵ôͳʧܣΣգ
֮£ʥȴûж֣ȫעάżսҲڷŲһ
Щһôûûˣ
ǵжɱ𡭡
ܶ߶ٴУղŽɱǵȫˡȡ֣֮أһ˿־顣
սʱ˷֣ͻȻ˶飬ߵĺڷŮ˫˫ǼսıԵƾ
һ˸طģı䡣
Ҫʲô
΢΢һʱҲ˲סԼؼġ
Ȼ䣬һڵģħϢ⣬ָת˲ͳ˾޴УмϵɭɲϢͺ
ӰӰ´УϡԿǧħͷӰֲ
Уһ˶·Ҫȥ
ԽԽ·뼫սﻺߵĲǣȻЩ궯׷̧ͷĵĺɫͫɻĿ߿ա
䡪
˲Ϣ併٣ȫ֡ʱһǾȻͫ׷Ǻɫкȥ
ħ֣óɱаµ꣬ⲻǣħɱۿе֮ʲ
ǿµķħǰȴȫûá
һʱ䣬һ䲻ۿеĹ𣬾ͬϯһ㣬˺ɫ֮У

ЩۿĻϨǼӲĹǼܾͬһѷϲһ׷ɢ䣬žžĵһء
ת֮䣬гƬƬĲǵ£һ㡣
龰˶˸õʲôɱٶҲ̫˰ɣ
һ¾ˣǺɫʲô
£̱˵ǣҸоҵ궼Ҫսȥˣһ߾˵Ϊ壬꼫ΪС
ڳԭΪʱޣ̫С۷۹ռһЩƣû뵽ʩչһ֣Ī
࣬һ㣬֮ǰһԼռƣ̵ܹɶȵͷʱȻ޴棬֮ǰ뷨̫ˡ
Ϊħ֣ѹļ˺ܶࡣ
ʥԶԶĿͫбһĨɫʣȻûʧһܽʡµķ˵


1720 ֮ŭ
䡣
ʯХϻ治ԴԴϵһ
ʥ򼫺սУɫʼչž˫һ̲ͣл·ǣߣһ÷ĺһ𣬾Ǵ󺣵ĳˮĻʯۿɱٶڼ
˱ףʥţԲϵ棬ҲֱӲ
֪˶ãڼսеˣоյĶɹһĹ
ȥᱻĥɾżȭһ׹ʯһڳ
϶֮ɫ
ʥĽǵǿסǰ治ĹֻҪɵǾʥˡ
ʥڳ߶һֽäĿΣΪķ͹ǲ֪˺̶ֳȣΪѹƵʥҲʵΪ£Ҫǵġ
ȻʱɫءΪ·˲õռ䣬޷鲼ء
ͨĲǲƺú
ˣһвʵ״
ˡ
ͻȻһĲеĲɢ
ϣŭˡͨͨȥ
ڱ仯ӾȻԻķŭ顪ȻһȺϾȻ֧ôãѴĴ̼ռߴڡ
һ취򲨶Ӳӡ
εľ޴£غ¡һ²
Ѹٹѣһ޴ʯбֱӻΪһɹɵҽ˿˿ƵĴԪȡ˽ȥ
ЩͬӴ޼㣬һĽɫҺ׷ױǲ嵱С
һؼ׷ɽ
ԭȥЩ˥˵Ĳ棬Ȼ˲ϢƱǣȸոƺҪǿһЩ͵ޱ޼ʣһеĻɽ
䣡
ͻȻһɽֵĻӣֱӴӲˡ
ԭոһˣȻڱҰӴһľս
ô͵Ϣôù
ͻȻĲ棬ϢȻ𣬵ҲȥԶˣ˿ֲڳһС
֮赲ġ
׵ģȻǲְļս
ԭȥʮǿļս󣬱һĻУʱķıĶâѸȥ֨졣
һıȻƵģȵ¿ʼѡ
һΣĻٶûбס٣ٺ¡׹䣬һֱӽһ콾ϡ
ֱڻ浱УΪһֱ߲նɱ
вսʥü΢򭡣
嶸Ȼŷһɸǿ졣
ŵ۷۵˿һ´Ʈ
˿̺űıԴбǣƺƵ
һرʼֽ⣬ɽıѸһȦȦĲڼսϡ
ԭҪеɽļս󣬾Ȼʼٴۣɳķۡҫ
սˣսľɽĻֻоӴıѩϵıѩٴαû
䣡
һɽֵĻ׹¡һΣӳֺļս󣬱ٴαǡ
𱾾ˣڱϵǿǺĻٶٴαӻһЩҲ
ȴղſȥڣʢĲ棬飬ɽĻ󣬱ԪƺһЩ
ⲻһֱ
ǻϵıԴкʥĺȻԼ
ղɵؾԪȻȷʵǿ˲٣ʵֻǲˣӴ޼ԪҲҪıԴ
һһڿʼؼʱֻ̣Ҫһ̣ܹĸɾɷ˵״̬
ʱʥͿԳˡ
ЩͷʱʥͻȻ촽£ĵһսлǻЩ͵ڶĳ򡣡
ڿ͵Ļ汬ը֮УȴĴÿһ˵Ķ
һʥʵʥڣÿ¡ľ˸֪Ȼܹ֪һ޶
ʥĻ׷
ȳڵεض
ȲҪ֣ʥʲô⣬Ҫ֪ⳡսڣȻʥûֹȴǳ˵ľǶԿǣɽһĻʥ
ս󣬲ⳡսĺģûʥǶҪɱ
ֻһͷҪЩʥĸ
ȻֱսԿɽĻʵʵ̫С
һս࣬׹ʱ
ˣһֱ֮ƣ͵ɽХӿȥ
ǻӿֲƾͣɹִĳսһööģۡ
һ֣й
󺰣˲ҵʹ˳̵˺һڡ
ڻɱɱαմѪ⣬ҧѪɱ
֮Уȴû˺һˣɶԿһ
Ѫǹ糤գ˺ѿɵĿռͨ
˿̵Ͷ䶼֮ڱ䣬Ӳߵʥھ磬ԪҲ
µټϺХԪĲ˵һ
Ӵӳ£Ӷǹʱǿֲ˼㣬˸ǽڣΪѪɫ磬һ£ѹֱɽĻϡ
žֱ꣬ӱѳһӡ
ٴˢˢǹѿڲ޷ϵĹ֡
¡һĺķѣ̮
Ľ飬治Ĳһɱȥ
Ȼսңܶ˶Ŀ
̫ˡǸ
ǰզ࣬רĲݼսʥ۾ﶼһĨȻ֮ɫһ˿ݡ
˵ĺɱ£ģɽĻԽԽ١
˷սʥϵѹʱһЩ
ʱеĲȻһ˷ŭ˻
Ӵ޼ӰȻѸСɽСɽСһֱСɶ೤
Ļȴۻ뵽һ£ȫ˷·װѪɫ޹Ρ
ΧŤռѣɭȻֲ˼㣡


1721 ɻǰܣ
ʥɫ΢䣬Ȼ²⵽һܡ
һ˸ҷҫ۵Ļâֱսǰ
ǲ㹻䴩ǳ
Ҳоһֲִ̫죬쵽Ӧ
ȵĻͣǱӳֹļսٴε
һЩ©һЩȥ
ǻֱ֮ӽٳһɹҺĻ潬Һ
½½ģӶмսķ顣
˵һ³˹ȵס
Ǽӳ˵ļս޷Կⲻĺ˵ǵ֮
ʱʥ˫ͫתͫԨ棬滺ֳѩͼɭȻâȻı
Щֱ䵽˼սϣҡҡ׹Ҫļս󣬷·˴ҩһ㣬ٴαҫ۹â
ÿһƬĶ˸ѩ׵ĺϢ䣬ҫۡɢݵĻӲϨ
䣡
ٴҫļս󣬸ǲıغ䵽һ
ÿһײǳ㹻ײ顣
γײǰʥӳ˵ļսףȻһδεĳп¡
ÿһײϨͬʱҲʥ֧£иķĴѸ
ҵ籩˷ˮƽչ˺ѿա˺Ѵأǰһﶼ׸ɷǿֲ
ϯ
ֲײ֮£ʥüģһξӨ顣
ʱȫעѩͫѾȫ˱ɫͫʣ֮ͫͬͫ״ĸı䣬Ҳʥµ
״̬ʥɫ΢΢أⲻʥʵ̫ˣ
Ź˲䵰ĹҪʥ
Ͼһö˵ĵֻúܱǿɱ
޹ԭ׻֮˵ûʲôá
Ҳʥϵĺ飬սȭͷļ١
˲ôôǿ
п
ʱͨĲǲͻȻʼ˥
ţ첻ˡ
϶Ȼֳһ˿ϲɫȥĳᳬΡ
ܿ죬ҲֲĳԽԽ
ǻ˰Ļ壬пʼʣ˺ѡ׷ɡ
Ȼͬһ㣬ûĳս
ڣٴκ͸ļսʱڵϢȻսıˣѸȥ
ð
ⲻҪˣ
һЩ꣬Ϩ𣬲пϲ
ʱΪսʥȴһԲƺֻ˵һ֣йһ㡣
ʱողϨĵطȥĻ浱У˹ı仯
⵱г˿˿ƣĴ·

ֲϯؿʼҵһĿĵѷһӿڴЩѷ֮УӿȳĻ棡
ЩڿкХϯȫϨǸطȥ
䣡
µĻ汬죬лصͬǱǿֲȶһǣҲᱻ˲ճҽ
սҵĲһԿµĻ籩
ʱڻ汬ըģеĻܣһɽСľ޵
ͨͨͨ
һ·Ӻܵĵ洫ʢ
ͨͨҲûĹĵ㣬ǵ·֮γɹ˵ܡ
棬ԡ
һ̣ʥʮָһ·۷۵˿Ʈǰâʢ
˿ʥĲõĻԵǹԵķȴʥĺ
ʱʥ񣬴ŵ㾧Ө¶һ˿ǿ
ɰܣڴһ٣
ǣ
һı쳹գʥΧʧ޾
֮նˣⶳѷУʳһ嫵Ϲűӣ
һ߿ıʥڴһ̣ʥ磬ɳһֻˣ
ⲢʲôӰޣҲʥ
֮ǰԲκγʥδٻĺˣΪ÷˻һ

ͫһʥȻΪԼޡ
ֻŹֵ֮£ʥıΪҲѹʥڣ
˻µĺХϹűУһɲǣбǣƺƵĺͬӴ䣬ɽСĻ޵
һ̣ס˺
˲漸ʮγȫ˵ʥڱĸ֮£Ȼܷӳ˿ֲĹ
ռ綳Ĳһ㱬飬һǰƣ˾޵֮ϣ
ǣ
ǿĺȻһرǻ޵֮ϣһı˪
ԼϺӣ޵µĺȫ޵֮У
һ̣޵棬һ˿Ѻۣ
Ѻһ֣һһɢһĻ˶һ𣬳ɹˣ
޵ǲϵѿɽıϯء
ʱһ̷·ֹˣǿ޴󶼱ӵĺᣬһ޴ı򣬱֮ϣϸСƣл淨Ĵ·ת޵еͨͨҲֹ
ˣĿתĶž޵ı仯֪Ρ
һϢʱ䣬޵ĺͻȻǵ죬һ𣬳˺ֱʡ
һĻ˶󺧣ٴУΪҪ³
Ȼֻɲ֮޵鿪һŻʧ˵£
ɹ
ûܽ׼ʥҲü΢Ѿһöϵҩһ߿ٻظԪһԤһΣպ䡣
еĸ֪֪ռ֮޷ϣ̽鵽¡
ʱΧһƺȥ
ҽ̣ǳؼıԪѸٵɢ
ĳˣ
ԭԡеڵ¶ܶһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ã
Ҳսȭͷĵĸˡ
ı仯ϵĳȥܿϯռ䣬ĳʧˣ˵øɸɾ
ǲǿԳȥˣ
ǰҲܹȥȥһۣҲˡ
ԣǻ´˵ݺʮĴ˵
ܶ˷ܵ˵ţ׷׿ʥʱʥ˵Ĺǡ
Ȼʥʱȴɫأûзκξ衣
ʥı飬һݣôˡ
ʥü΢ѵûз֣ʾ֮¶Ѿ͹˳£һ½ô
ʲô
ȻʥĻǶһȷʵʥ˵֪¶Ѿ˱£ң½


1722 ɶ
ԭΪǿֲĻ𺣣¶ȣʯۻʥռвϵʩչս󣬰˵ӣҲûܽ¶Ƚ
ڣɢ֮¶ȴֱ½
ܿʹҽһ¶ȣ˵ˮɱļ֮أ
һʱ䣬⣬еˮ˲ᣬɱڵأ棬һ˪
ҽ֮ӣ˱֮ӣ֮УǸо궼Ҫ˶ˣ
⡭ǡ
ѾʶһֿµĿܣԸţǿĶʥ˵ǲɵģҾá
ʥ̾һҡҡͷ
ѵǡ
ʧˡ棬˲ʥĵ˵
ʲô
ȻѾĸоʥͻȻô˵ڳ߻Ǿˡ
֮ǰķôսôõʱ䣬ҸʥױȵĹ£ûɱ档
ⲻҲ̫̬˰ɣ
ôǿ˭ܹأ
ôǿӣûɱ棿
⡭ⲻʵɱ
ǡô죿
һ˵
ʥҡͷѾʧܣֻܷĲ㣬ҵ͹˲ʵ
˵ףһ̤㣬ʥ벻ս֮ҲֻǶɱĹ룬죬ֻʵʩ룬Ҳ϶ܳɹ
ʥָܿƽȻ׼ֻһ٣ڲǴתת滹еתڰתھת㣬ܹͨ
֮ǰתͨ㣬ЩϾ·˲µ۹⣬Լת޷ͨҲ
أ
ʥ˵֣ڳеЩʧ䣬ԭǻΪܹ´˵·ŵʷأڣһжˡ
ֻˣ˺ܶ࣬ڲߣһ߲ˡ
˵䣬³Ϣ˲仯ɱ¶Ѿ͵Ԫĳ̶ˡ
˲ģ˵᲻ŪˣȻûôûп˵
Ҫ۷˵㶼ǲռ䣬Ƭĺ۵ʱǾͻ£һֻˡ
ͨĸѾԤ˲ֵ֮
ĻʥĿһۣܹشƵ˸֪ȷʵ
ʱԺͬʱһϢϢ֪ͨǵǰɶȣ
ͷһǴ˵ɶȣǰٷ֮ʮ࣬ϰٷ֮ʮĶ١
ԭɷ֮źɶȶֻаٷ֮ʮ࣬Ĳ󲻵ٷ֮ʮ̨͵սټһЩֻڰٷ֮ʮ嵽ٷ֮ʮ֮䡣
֣˸еЩɥ˵˵еİٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮ
ʱʥҲõʾɶȰٷ֮ʮһ߳ѡ
Ȼֻ㣬ǵ˰ٷ֮ʮԺÿһޱѣ
㣬ٷ֮ʮ壬۵Ļ˵ǡǰ޹˺ߡ
Ȼʥɶȣɲ⣬ɶȡǶ٣
ʥһ仰˶Ҳ֪
̬֮ͨŵ
ɶȡ
״ﵽ˶٣
΢΢˵ʮ壡
ɶȣʵڲʲô˶УȴǵʮɶȣѾ˵ʥļ¼һΣʥְѼ¼ˢˡ
ʥɶҲĴ棬ʥأ
ˣס˺ֿʥ
ʥ΢΢Ĭĵʮ
ʥߣ
ǾȵĶһۣЩûӦ֮ǰ֮ŵһĻ̫𺳣ǶΪɶȻȫߣʵ෴
ǻԭΪһ㡭
ڷ֮ŴŸ߳˻ɶȣڵԲ棬վǲ뷨Ļȣȴһ㡭Ͼ̫ˣӲˣֲˡ
ķ֮źɶȴﵽٷ֮ʮ壬̤ǳɹı׼
Ĳ㣬ɱɶȵ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ٹ̨ʮ֮ɶȰٷ֮ʮ壬Ϊֹɡ
ǵ˵㣬ҪõʥԲ棬۷ǹʥһսֻãĸۣҲվǸɶֻаٷ֮ʮʥȴǰٷ֮ʮۺ֮һ㡣
ȻʥͣɶȻڳ𺳡
£´һЩҲܹٷ֮ʮˣʮţǾͲˣ
һ˵Ļ̾ͱ˷ˡ
ɵˣɶȿ̫ˣٷ֮ʮţ֪ʲô𣿱س˶ﲻɶȰٷ֮ʮϺÿһ㣬ޱȼѣ
պٹ꣬һЩٽҲɶܴﵽٷ֮ʮߣžͶˣѾ̬ˡ
ţСħȴƲƲ죬ΪȻ
ߣĽºҲǰοһϾᣬȷˣĵλȫ׵֮ĻһʸƲ¡
ʱͻȻ˵ҪȥˣҪˣ߲ˡ
ȻĻܶ˶еȻ
ȥζŴ˴սᡣ
⼸ȻݣǶоɱ·ǰǵɶȻǺܵͣھҪ뿪ܶ˶ʧ
ѾʵˣǲǲĶ֣ЩѾת׼ʹ뿪ʱһͻȻںԵø
λһ¡
ţ
΢΢һ½ŲתͷֻһϮµվԶ߻վͬһµСħɡ
ղŵĻ˵ġ
ʲô⣿
ֵĿΪʲô
΢΢һ£˹Ŀ˵Ҳδزܳһս
ƽĻںУȴģ
ʲô
Ļڳ߶סˣ
涼ûɱ⻹ʥƲĻϣ£ǻȥ
ⲻǿЦôǸʵɣԲָֻ֣ͬǱϵһպʯѲѣҪһѣǾͼˡ
ü˵оҵ١
ԽԽˣϻˣǸϽصĲ㣬ҪȻȲ˵߶߲ˡ
ۿΧĺʼ磬һ߻ˣһǣǿɲġ


1723 
һԣһڴߴٿ뿪
ʱĺԽԽеԪһ۶ȥ
Ѿ쵮ˣ
Ȼ£ȴûǵۣǿʥʵһ£ǲĹսܹ֧ŵľɺô
ʥĹڱϵҲǱϵģָʥȥôʵ
ǹУȴδزС
ʥĺ˺һı˺ͬҲ˵ʥ
Ժ˫˭κβ˭
οϵԭڷȻƣʥȷ滹ҪһЩϾ֮ǰǱˣڣȴǱ˴Ĺϵ
Ȼʥͷ˵ӦҲܳŵɺҵ˲٣ǿܻΣһЩвͻ
ʥ˵䣬ΧĻѾ͵ú߲ܶòתԪܿݺĳ̶ˡ
вǰ֮жԲбܵĿ־УʱЩûõģǶʱЩˡ
ЩʲôǸϽ˻صĲɡ
ǰ֣ǻΣ֮
ЩѾˣֱĲȥǲ߳ʱȴΪĻȻס˽Ų
Ŀʥһһٵ˵ܷסĹֱɱģôƱ񣬲ԣҲܳɹ
һڳߣʥסˡ
Ҫ
ʥûܴķ˵ȻҪִ飿˲ɣ
û˻츳ʱ̫ˡ
ҶʥڵΪܸʥȣķ򣬸һ벽ʥűʵĲ
οʥԭеľţδس
ʥĿȫûϵĽ顣
л麮İգ
ֻ˵ԡûаѻ˵ȷʵҲûʮţûԴΪʥڵԼܹʤʥڵʥʥ飬ԼҲ
һ㣬֮ǰԲʱ۷ǹʥһɣѹ̫ˣڳ˲漸ʮγֹ̳֮˵ʥ޷ӳ۷ʵ
Ȼ˵ʥٻ˱ˣǱҲѹƵʥڣ𵽵ĸãҲ졣
־Ͳͬˣȫʥеֻ𹥻
޻淨һа̺֮а֮еĿ֮ǺĿǣ
ҲˣбŰ棬иǿʽ
ڿЦ𣿸Կܳŵɺȴ˵ֻԣ
Ļʱˣǵ״̬˺ܶ࣬ҪԿҪðżΣգһСľͻ䣡
ôĴۻһγֵĻᣬȴֻΪԣҲѹǷӦôˣ
ֻ֮ͨõٷ֮ʮɶȷʵߣôȥĻвʡ㻹ᣬպȸҲһɶȴﵽٷ֮ʮ߲£αؼһʱ
˵߿ǲڽٷ֮ʮɶȣ֮ͨţɶȴʥͣȻģԲŻսĻ뷨
Ҫֻ֪ҪԲ֣Ҷɼĳô²ɱҲỻɶȡ
֮ǰʥӣɶֻ͡
ʶһ㣬ܶ˶ûȤˣ֮ԱǣΪԼɶȣȥðգôͬ⡣
һ˫۱أЦ˵ԣٺ٣˵ˣ㲻ǲ֮ǰõ˱ɶȣﲻˬԼһΣ̵ôôЭ㣬õɶȴٵĿܴܲ麮ɶٽһ̵ǴľҸһ䣬˭Ҳɵӣǵǹʹǲܵģ
֮ǰ˵Ļί񣬶ǰˣֱ䳰ȷˣ˵Ϊ̶
ҲûȤǸûΪµϰߡ䵭˵
Щˣ׷˳ɹǶܽ㣬ʮ괫˵ĻðٴҲԸ⡣
Ǻܶ˸ܴ麮ʥʧˣҪҲʧܣǾ͵ð޴ķճɾͱˣɵӲŻ
ɨЩһۣûʲôӦЩˣҪҲգ
ʥʥ̬ȣҪģԱϵĲʥãҲԼ١
ʥ΢΢ʵмɰգ
ɰɡֻ˵˸ģָ֣ʣ޷ơ
ɣʥǷһ˿ȣƺǶˡ
ʥı飬ʱ֪ʥʲôд󼱣㡭
֪Ѿ˴ʥĳɣҪһĴۣԸ⿴ģ
ʥһֱ֣ӴĻŴ漣꣬ʼһݺ棬ҲЩţпٴ漣
ã
ʥһԶɽӵơ
أ
תͷšĽµˡ
ֵܣ⻹ôȻվһߡ󻨻Ц˵
ǧû˵ֻǳ˳
Ľ¡ţϵЦѾһС
ãѾˣˣԸһ𴳹صĿ£Ըģߺòͣ
Į˵
һʱˣһ̫ˣΪԼ޵ô
ãã񣬿һôճߣ
֮ǰļЦתߣȻһߣǷ֣ߵһֻа˸ˣȴʮ
ʮˣֱһˣʥͶˣһһŮڷ̨ϣʮ³ء졣
³غͻʵгʥСħɡ֮ǿ
Ƿһ˿΢ЦãˣҪˣû𡣡
ʮˣռʮսеľųɾţʥһ٣ߵǰ˸ˣпޡ
ĻŭЩˣȻ˵û𣬸ûǷ
Сӣ֣
һ˶ݺݵ˵ȻҲֻϷйͻȴң֪ԼҲ򲻹
ʱȻԭڵϵĺ˪б˺ѣһɹɺȪһлۣ
غԴͷհɸС
ȻѩķɢݣɢĪıϢ
ԼԿһСŴĿıķɢݡ
ؼţ˿˿ƵıϢͻȻÿޱȡ
һɹɺ˿ԽԽ׳һѩΧһѩɫıת
ԭдĿռ籩ƬƬı
Ȼռ֮ܲס캮
ڳǣһܹоǱľ޴ѹ
ڳˣһ˫Ŀսơ


1724 
ǿܣ
ǶԿɣ˵ȫĵط
ǰ˸˳߿ʱ⾪춯صľ󣬴һʼ𺳺ͺ£ͱֻ
ⲻҲȥܣûϵ
˱չƿеıڷĺдݡ
Ϊ֮ǰ̨ͨѾպϣʱ޷뿪㣬ֻҪԶ벻Ӧòᱻ꼰Ͼ֮ǰǽʱ벻ȽԶĵطûܵ
ڰ˷ӵʱй˿µıѩ籩ƬƬı׹ڵأתۼ䣬ڵϾ͸һı
ڿնʥٶȲ¼ս󣬽
һʱ䣬ֻоѹʥòʥǿó֧⼫սҪǳֲһʥֵ֧ĻֻǰʱǱ˸ˡ
ʥôãһݼս󲻶ϵĳܲͲĳһ㣬ƾľԺ⣬ڳԪЧʵͬʱĴպ֮ԼĻ
ǼʥЩԲѹɼ

صʥļϣ˵ܡ
רս
ģʥüһأ˵ֻҧתͷȥԿǿµıѩ
תͷʱݺݵĿһۣȻǾòҪˣǣĲ
ûбʲôʱ˵ʲôû壬սΨһ֤Լķʽ
š
ͻȻݳһķݸšĽ¡󻨻ˡ
ЩķģΪӭľսóǺø˵ϡ
ķôʩ߱ʵϵ󣬼ǲҲѷɫ١
ŵ˽ķӹķмָС
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šĽµÿһķֵǣʹõĻֱǮҷķߣȻյ
Сӡ
ͫһҲʶˣһӾ͸оЩķǱѰ
䣡
ѩ籩ԽԽ£ǿ񱩵ͬɽը죡
ıѩ籩и־޴Ĺ֣мϯĵ⣬ԽһƬɽγɸڣ˵ı籩У˲ʬ޴棡
籩УɢľǺȻһγһտĺǡ
ö̺ޱȿµĺΧն飡
ǣ
ں۵µʱ򣬺֮ϳ˵ƣһıгڿ۳һֻ޴ɫˣ
ѩ񷣬һԨ涼ޱ޼ʵı
һ˫ֲϢıͫף򼫺սˡ
Сħɽ΢΢һ𣬸о˼ѹǻĺڷˣС
˶ɫأٴУ
عأȸҴ֮޿ˡŭ¡¡εɽ塣
һʱ䣬ӡϸܵıģſޱߵһϸܵİݺأ飬ЯޱߵıϢΧѸӡ
֮ꡢꡱı죬նѳ˿µѺۡ
ǰʥļսͬսĽ֮սڲѹǳ˼ѹ
սȴ˸ϹűϢʼŬ̲صıϢ
һȻսķĲͬʱȴҲܹյϢ
ʥĺ򡭡ڲ֮ϣҳ˺ö࣡
۾һʥʥʵѹʥڣȲ˺ܶ࣬ڷ棬ȴѹ˲
Ȥ֧ŵʱ
Хţſǵء
ı飬˺գХ򼫺սˡ
ˣ
սȻ˽죬˶ķ顣ѹ÷·㣬ĸ֨죬ط̮ȥʱ
ҪԾԵѹʥķ
ʥɫһ䣬ԭͬ˫ͫȻڵĹ⡣
ǺڹУзڱ䣬ɭˡ
˫ͫʱͬ޾ԨУͣתڹ֡
һͫĹ۾ĴԻ˵ͫζž񹥻ζŻζ̫̫ĹֶΣܶ깦Ϊý鷢ͬͫʥͫмһеζ
ʥͫĸı䣬սķĸŷ˱仯˸һĺɫ
˲Ϣ䣬սī˿˿ƵڱȴǱϸıԨ棬˸档
Ԫۺ󡭡㡭
Ԫۺʥһķ״̬ʥʵʱʩչʲôʥʥڣǿʩչԪۺȴıԴ
˺Լ
ʥɭ䣬纮˪޾Ԩ˿һ۾ֽű䣬̲ҳˡ
֪Լٶ죬ֻʥֻҧ˺Լս
ıſµĺХ޻ڵĺ䵽ϡ
һָսͬս󣬸ӱڰ浴γɵı񷣬ʱǴ⬰ı
ÿһεײֱײ˺ѿƬƬաһ˺ѿֱӱɭȻıסɷǹ졣
էһ¿ȥǴѩײ
ǣȴֵ˲١
ΧĴأǱǷɽķмУҲǴƬɽӱ飬ˡ
һĻȻ
ʥȻ£ʥܷӳսֱ󣬶յķҲƺÿóһַ򣬶ǿ֮
ţĿƳʥǾ޵ϣȻһεξӨĺı߳Ѹٵɱͬһ䡣
֪ΪΣһĻķ·𱻴ʲôƺЩϧͲ̡
֪ʥʱѹķӦܿˣһսֻܳɹʧܣ
һĿȫƽһ̣۹۱ǣǹģȫҵ״̬
󣬵֮⸡֣仨Ʈ㣬ȪƬȪ仨֮УĸֳһӰ
ƤȫɿݣҶҲϡϡ䣬ԾͬһķϡٵҶҲÿһöӨ͸ͬɡ
ɽ½ֻء顢Ԫںһںһʱ䣬Χγһ
ƾ籩ѩҲܸŵѾȫʥȴһĵԼ״̬׼һ


1725 ÷ѩ
һ֣
ţһҧиֳһеĻƽ⣬Щתϣγһ𽣣ԭĽ𽣵һҫۡ
żڵһ㣬𣬳ϱȥ
֮Ҳ׷׳֣³غͻ֮󣬻һ콣⣬³ȴأ׿Լڱѩбһɹ͸Ĺ⸡֣ȻһĻ
ɻȻںϽڵ
ʱʳһ⣬ĸҫۣһһЩ
ţͻЩȣ³һۣ³ص츳ҲﲻڣָͻΪӵиͻˣսôȴ˵Ĺͷ
ӵþСǿôþͻᱻŴ౶һ£³صĻʥãʥķ̶ȣһݻܷӳʮ
ܴʥĸ
һʱ䣬ʥҲ³صĿһ˿ʡ
䣡
ΧǧĿռ䣬Ѿǿ󲨶ǧٿףȡ֮͸ıĿռӲ̡
ʥڵ֮⣬ޱߵĴҲ˽ѡһֲĹನ׵䶴Ѩһ޾ԨĹ֡
һս֮УķҲ˲Сá
ԭŵˣʮ˵ʵʥǵս䲻˵ԲƵģ𵽵ЧҲΪޡ
ǵķͲͬˣһķʹΣһͿԵֵһĳʥĸ

аĻ鲼񷣬ȵĻȼգһͶ֮оͿʼѸٵۻ
ֵķ
󻨻Цţֳķڱ籩дȫȵĻ棬Ƿ籩˲սʽʵ˺졣
ù£еĲͻȻȥ
һ̣ȴס˺Ƕĵоһɿֲķŭ
ǲķŭ
Ǧɫ򺮱ͻȻһ˸ģȻγͬɽıצ
ˢ
צЯŲķŭ־˺գ˺Ѵأκ˰ޱˣˢϡ
Ӵͬǳ
˵ĳѩҫ۵ĴĿ⻪
ɲͬһ𣬹ͬ
󣬱˺ѿǱʲôҧȥһ飬ɷǿֲ
ۣ
ע֮Уһֱڸʥ³ȻһһѪͬĶ䡢ӡ۾һѪԡ
һ³غʥȻ׵壡
۳³رʥ̫ࡣ
ʦã
³ˣд󼱡
ʥɫҲȻ԰˼֣һӣһ°ɫĹ⻪ס˵³أԻû£ֻǾܴ֮
ʥ˵䣬ѾһƬĺ¡
ͣ
µĺкϹŵıϣ±׵ֵ˴󲿷ֵĺǻǸоȫ䣬ꡣ
źĽ¼æȼһȺķΪ˼ѹͬʱҲסں⾻֮еСħɡ
ⲻ£
ޱ޼ʵĲɫء
û°ɡ
Źеʵɳ֮УȫΧǳһ޷ƺѾ
ԶԶģ֮ǰߵİ˸߿зһС
ۿ³ѾѪˣȴڵڴϢЩ˶ˡ
Ǹ³صŮĶѪˣڴס
թûһΣǸŮˣҲû֡
Щ˵ľСħɣʼգСħɶ֮УҲ˿״̬
ԭľֻʮˣȥСħɣһʱ䣬ֻа˸ˡ
һηʮ˸ˣֻа˸ˣϿ˴룬СħѹҲģ
Сӣ˵ûǶû𣡺ܺãǾվ￴ܴʲôӣ
ߵİ˸ˣжЩϷ̬ڴ˵ùҲ˵ûвμӵսȻϣսõķ淢չȫ仨ˮˡ
ǻʥЩ߷ϣ£ʥȻʮ죬Ŀ顢ǿܿΪ·Ůڳ߶ԣʥǶǱĽ̬
ʱ򣬲ĳһοʼˣ
Ǿ޴Ӱ߷ɵգʼؼĺ
һǧɱѣ޾ڣǿƣѾ˵
¡
ǻ᲻ȫû
ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ؿϡ
ࡢʥ塢壬ֻҪǻʵǿߣ֮бܵĵӣ
ʮϢʱ䣬һֲֻķצط籩֮ͬɽһ㣬ЯƲɵĺ
һһĺ籩ǧɵĿˣͬɫ̫žޣҪȫɣ
Ľǧ
żʵĽµˣ죬ѾеķҪǮ˳
һʱ䣬׻֮аֱŰŰϯأ

ֻһɲǣеĻȫɣ
ĸĽķǷǺˣķĻ֮ԵĻһȻҲֻǻһ¶ѣɲһĳ


1726 
µĹšĽµѾȫʧȥãֻҪһǾͱɣҲȫⶳᣬģ𵽵ãҲ޵ĺܣ֮ǰ벻ĳɱ֮Уǰ̫ĺ
³أҲѾԣȫʧȥս
ٸˣ
һܹģֻʥһˣ
һ̣ʥӰӭϯܹصĿֲȫɱ
Ϊ֮ǰĹʥɫ΢΢԰ףȻӰȴվñֱͬһѩĺ÷ʮָƽ죬˫Ŀ֮УƮӨı·̺һ磬ѩ

ҧţĿʥʵĺ֮
䣡
µıըȫضھҵ޾ı׷ɵɸ߿գ
ֲĺ籩֮Уȴĸ
֮
زľΪ֮顣
޾ıɢɴƬƬѩƮ䡣
ѾȥĲҲؼգҲ֮ǰڱ֮µ
ѾΪһеĺ˺ı˪ѾǳƺʱҪ顣
˸֮Уʥѩ󣬸ֳһŮӰŮģò壬ȫƮűɫĳƮǶĸŮг
һ˿̺Ѫʥ˳ѵ£ӳһļ÷ѩĸо
ʥˡ
ӽһ·ߵڣʥһˣ
һ̵ʥ֪ΪΣ˿һĪʹ
أ
ĿᣬȻֻʥˣʵϣУʥİΣԼҪö࣡
еķأʥŮӰʥٻģʥı
ߣ츳֮ˣܹԼ޳ҲǷء
ÿ޳ķضͬ
أͬʥĲǻ޻ļ߾硣
ֻǣʥΪʥڣ֮ǰԲľ޴ģٻأȴ̫ǿˣѾǣ걾Դ
ʥҡͷ˵Żᷢһι
ѾؼıѾ˺ܶࡣ
ղŵһķ˲̫ʵѾʼˣľȫȴһһԲ׳ܣ
ǡ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣֻҧսеؽվʥԡ֪Լ˵ʲôʥֻӰʥľ
µĺ𣬲쳤忪ʼϵС
ԭɽСѸٱֻʮɴС
ҲΪģʼԼСΧСĹΧȻ
һ̣ʥŮӰгһɫ񽣣ʥһԲĳ
أǻһ֣һ𣬾ͻ˼ߵıԴ
Ľ¡ŵˣҲսʣļķԲһķܹ𵽶ʵں˵ܱûкá
ߣٴУȫĵ׼Կһ
ѹſ죬Ǽ絶УһɫĹ
΢ǣΪܳҵŭΰɣ
һʱ䣬˵嶼ȼ˱ɫ⣡·Լеһι֮У
ǣ
Աߵͬһ㱻飬µı֮һֻڴϸ䶳֮⣬̶ֱ֮
иգ濴޻ʵȴ硣
ִΪɫʱ䶼ˣ
⡭

Ҳǵ˷̨ʮȻЩǿ˽ܣ츳Ҫ׺̫ӣȻǱѰһ۾Ϳ˲һеĿ£
ôܵס
˶ֱ⣬ǵѹ
ʥͫߺһоԼᱻ
һεĹ̬ʥƴˣȫܹڣʱԼĹڴϸ󣬻ѣ
һѣǺ룬ڳߣĿ²ˣҪԼҲᱻش
һɲǣʥҧݣһ˿ԥɫգ·¶ĳ־һ㣬ȫȼ˱ɫĻ档
㡭㡭ȼձ
ʥߣˡ
ԽţԽ츳죬ǵıѪԽ
ʥı̶Ѿ˲ĵزһģ񵤣಻ֲ֣
ڣȻȼԼıܻһСַأԼǿ벻һ
һôˣʥȻ
ʥ꼫Ϊ⣬ʵֶͨΣҲֲӰʥպĽ
ˣ۾Ѫ죬Ȼʥڲȼձܲסһ
ĻҪԼҲҪ䣡
ǼԼҲԸ⿴ʥܵһ˺
ʥı˵
ʵʥΪȫߣ㿪һʧ˵Ҳ´ˡ
ÿ
ʥ䣡
Ѿ֪Ϊսֻ߶˵ĳһ˵ϧ֮飬ƽʱµôʥȴϣһȺ䡣
ʥһԤУһȴˣܻõĴʧĳĪԤУҲʥȴ
һ̣ʥü֮䣬һö⻨ıѩӡǣӡֻͬһ㣬Ŀĺ⣬ӿԪʥһͷ˿ϯ
ʥϵıɫȼգѾԡڻеʱ˵Ȼ˫ۣ
һ˫۾ǵصıѩоͬ⣬һУ
ǱʥҲ˲ӦʵʻĿ⡣
㣡
ʥһ֪ΪͻȻ۵ʱͻȻα
ͬһݷѾõľӰֱ죡
תۼ䣬ͳֱǿµı֮⡣

ʥд󾪣
ʵǿҲ֮ܳ⡣ѾʥȼջĻҲԵֵ
ۿű֮ХĿ㣬һ˫֮ͫУ뵹ӳӰ񣬾ͬһԱ񽣣ֱͫ


1727 
ۿ⾪˵һĻʥеˣԶڴϷİ˸ߣҲȫˣɱɣ
ֹӣ
źĽ¶һľ̫ͻȻˣʵҲΪӲһ
һ֮⣬ǰ벽ԣҲҪ䣬ڵʵܵ
ɵϣﶼһȴɵĳȥ۵
ϷߣȻ֮ǰŮվԼǰȴԭشϢľٶʵףǲǴڳȥǹƥ벻Ӳ
һ˵һһҲȥ鲻ıԭԼʥĹΨһҪģǾԼ״̬ȵɺ֮ʩչһ
֮ǰѾϢôãȴ̲ס֣ǰĸо
֮ХȻֱϣ
ȫ棬Ȼʱ䶼סĺ֮⣬ϵĻ棬ֵһᣡ
һĻҲʥоĸоͻȻǰ֣ʵǲ뿴ȼձһ㣬ΣʥܶӲ
֪Ĵ㵽ʲôѵҪɱô
һ̣ʥҲֱȼɫ棬ü˸űɫ⻨ӡǣֱ
·ɱҲܿʹ䡣
Ȼһʵٶ̫죬ʥ׷ϣ
ǧɾҪײϺ֮ɲǣ֮УһӰӣ
Ӱӣֳһ޴Ķƣӭ˱֮⡣
ķԪʯ̥
žžž
Ԫʯ̥ȫǽڱ죬޴֮ǧĿһ̳ױֱʮ֮
Ԫʯ̥ۺս𣬵ǵĳԪʯ̥ȴԶ
˵һֵָĻôԪʯ̥һͷͻ
˸ҲܴͻһЩض龰£ͻȴܷӳԶ˸ֵЧ
ͱ磬ʱ˿̣
һ̣Ԫʯ̥ƺֳĹڣӰԪʯ̥ǰһޱȵľ޴ƣǻԪ֮ţ
ԹŻĻԪ֮ţ沼ĺɷ·Щ·ǵγ̫֮ЩʯµȻʯ̣
Ԫʯ̥ΪìԻԪ֮Ϊܣ
Ԫӡ⣡
һһ˲䣬Ԫʯ̥֮Уһɰƥ
ͭм̳еԪʯ̥ڷӡһһǿ
Ƕ·µģӡͭʱͽ⿪˵һƾչ磬һ
ĵڶӡڰĹڣľɱ֮أڤӣעһڶӡСħԪ֮Ѫİ£ϵͼƵǾ磡
󣬵ӡǿʱΪܽ⿪ڣȴˣ
ԲϵĽ֮
һʱ䣬ֻµ֮ը죬ɽ緢ŭ
Ԫʯ̥ǣеƺһɾ޴ǣԪʯ̥۶ȥ
޷ݵĿͬɽХһ㱬Ԫʯ̥ͬʱҲֱ
׼Ԫʯ̥ķӡȻӭǿһ磬ɿһ߲ܵȫգ
һʱ䣬ȫĿ⣬ÿһѪ֮У̺ſµ
ͷգ޾ıѩƿſųĿǳֳ²õǹ⡣
ſǳеţҫۣǵǹ⣬Ӧڵ
ϸ֮һڵ˲Ϣ塣
ˡˡ
һɹɰ嫵ӿȫѪҺʼұڣ·ǹϺĳ졣
ÿһƤʼڱ⣬Ѫ֮
췣ȴӿһëױâдȥ
ʱԪʯ̥Ѿӭտı֮⣡
һĻͫѾֳ־޴ʯŵӰķ
Ҫˣ
иոͷʱֻһ죬Ԫʯ̥ѾֳֻԪ֮ź޻ڵ֮ײһ
꣡
վ飬Ԫ֮ű˲䶳ᣬԪʯ̥ͬԪ֮Ŷһ𵹷ɳȥ
Ԫʯ̥ǿ󣬱һοֲĳײҲײϵı۹ǣ
µĺԪ֮źԪʯ̥һ𶼶˱Ѫ֮ʥ嶥һ˲䣬ͻὫǵ嶳
ȻԪʯ̥ڣһȴŷޱȿµѪ֮Ѫ֮ȼգͬ棬ֱ죡
ȼյѪ֮ȻӲĶסϺú֮޷ȫԪʯ̥
ֺѪ֮˿֮»ڡ
ʲô
Ԫʯ̥ʥ߷ȻƾѪ֮ӲĺѪ֮жǿ󣿼ֱ
һͷޣδܽƾѪ֮²Ϻ߷Ѫ֮ǿһȼյĴôסˣôƳģ
Ѫ֮ԱıҪǿ
ȻʺǴʱʥȴû˿ķģһ۾ͿƾԪʯ̥Գ֮ܲ⣡
Ԫʯ̥Ѫ֮ǿǿҲ޷벻ȣֱӱ֮ϯţʥֱ
֮ҲΪԪʯ̥ĵֵ˲١
һ̣ۼ֮ϮȴŲһʩչռ䷨ÿ֮Ĺ켣
ʥ˲ˣֻ÷ֵ֮ͷȴʵɴԲı֡
ʣµģȻͽʥˣ
һ֮ȥĳɣʥٵֵȴȼձˣ
ͷĳ֣ԼʵʥͼıҪǴ㳹׻ɱ
ֶΣʥľ壡
ʥô꣬δһ󱲲֮飡
Ԫۣ

ʥһȫŵɫ֮ûȥȼձüļ⻨ӡȴâʤ
ĸתʥصľŮҲһͬ֡
տĺֱʥе˿ҲƮһһһΧգ
꣡
֮⣬ʥصײһ
ȫԪʯ̥ͬһʯһ֮У֮֮⣡
ҵĲıм䣬еǧģһ
Ľ¡ŵˣҲ׼ʱеķȫ˳ȼգ˸ǵ֮ⱻһâԽԽվûܴ
һ˵֮£


1728 
ˣĵˣ
ۿУ֮⻯ɫɢе߶񼤶ڹŹһĸо
ʱѾҲûжȴޱȡ
ãã
սȭͷȫѪȴɵЦ
ȻˣΪһֱʥûȼջֻһЩԪֻҪһЩʱգָܻûʲôãûʲôҪˡ
ǿ£
ڸ߿Уͬʱȫ׻֮Ȼ
ԭΪ֮Уû뵽󣬻ǿ֣ǲͦѵһء
ܶжӿͷԶԶսİ߶ԭӣǲһսӮ
ǲܻ麮ҲʥסĹӦ˵ʥܵסĹҲкܴΣա
£Ҳ֮飬ڣôҲû뵽ʮˣȻ˵˲Ĺ

⣬ɸ߿֮УһȻȫǴʱ˿̣ȴûɢ֮䣬ɱź˵ֻ̬Ѿȫģ
ǣŭˣԭҲɱǣڣҸıˣǶȥ
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һ죬ڵĺ֮У֮ϵһƬƬڼӺ
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ʱһֱŵʥȴɫ΢΢һ䣬ײʲôˣȷʵѾĵ̫࣬ûпٷһȴ㵽Ĳ֮Ŀռڵ㣡
Сģڷס㷵Ĳͨ
ʥһȫ߶ǴʧɫⲻҪǷ
㣬һռڵ㣬߷ɱ˵ڴôֻҪȹһʱ䣬ռڵͻԶγ㷵Ĳͨ
֮߻ɱ
ôռڵͻγ㵽ͨ
Լռڵ㣬Ϳÿռͨݻò˰ʱ䣬ͻڶ±ɲ棡
һˣѾǿ֮ĩˣԲٵ²Ĺ

Ҫǣ
Ľ¡³ء˻򶨣ˣЩ߶ֽţһǺ֪
ʱʥȴɫƽ֮УͫعâɢݣͷȴӴУһɹԪۣӿʥ
ʱʮ侲Σٻظʵκ£ԲӦ䡣
ʱ򣬲һ˫ɭ۾סܸܵϵɱȻ࣬һҪ֡
࣬ɱô
ȤȤҾͿʲôֶΣɱңҪôӲĳŹҾŴҪôɵĵ״̬ңǵķȲ滹ҪǿһЩҵ㣬
ЦνСɢ
Ŀ䣬ȫϢԪʯ̥⿪ӡĿֲڷڣ·Ҫ籡
磬һΡΡľ֣а֮
ȻһΣȴа֮ӰһУΡ׳
֮ϲ˹ϵ·پ֦ҶïÿһöͲͬҶӡ
һҶϣܹɢ汾Դ֮
һҶϣȴһֻֻССԻ˻
Ǹа֮֮֮ɢĪǿѹΧռ䶼ѹŤ죬·Ҫѵһ
а֮Ի֮֮ͬо֣ڤڤУһ޵Ļͬ˿˿ƣ·΢Ƶ֣ʼӳֵа֮ϵ֮ϡа֮⵽۷֡
ٴԻǣ֮һ˵ÿһ֮Уһֻ趯ȸԾķӰ
Ķסа֮Ƿһ˿ԻЦģѾ͵㣬޾ĺ򡢱ѸٵĿת֮ҲѸٵ
һ̣ؼıڤڤܵʲôٻʼӿȥȫ˲档
ˡ
һȦȦĺͬתγһ޴ıɫУе룬£һԽԽγһӴĺ
öͬһԲεıɽΧǳŵرģѩɢݳػԹ⡣
Ժ
һ̣Хһ£޾ı籩Уԣ裡
˶ס˺ǵҰУ·֮䣬ֻʣӰ
һ֮ǰսٻһʧ֣һҲɿգ˶䡭
ʱгһ˳ǹ
ǹֵ÷ǳͻأûעôֵģ·Ƶġ
ǹͨڣûаǹɭһɲԹšϢ·Զȥ
ʲôǹ
˶סˣźԶҲƺǳǹЯϢöá
ֱĸе˳ǹɵУһնɱǿߣĿ´ڣ
һ˫ۣŰǹϵɱ֮޷ȫ߶˳ǹ
ðǹһΣͻĵȫƽʱ޷ʹãóǹҪһ
һͻȻһѪȡ񱩵Ϣɢ·Զŵɱ
ӿһɹѪɫģͬ۵Ƭȫ
һͷҲڱǣڷƺȾѪʺޱȡ
žžž
Ĺǽڴ籬ƵѸٰθߡ
ƺгɫƣ·Ѫɫߣ̵ȫΪڵ׵ף˸绡
֮Ѫɱޣ
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ǿű޵ɱ⣬źԶΪ֮Ϣĸо
֮Ѫ̺·ľڣȫѪȵһ۷塣Ϣһ߶ԣǱܵη塣
һ̤··˼ʵ棬ȵÿռ䶼鿪ѡ
ˣһģ岻ϰٶԽԽ죬򺮱ɱȥ
а֮ϵ֮ȫǣкǹϣԶԶȥĻǳǳϡ


1729 ɱ
򺮱ʱһ߿ķա
һֻȼŻķ˴ֱ׷ȥ
ǡ
д󾪡
СħɣߵǸŮӣ
ϳСħɣȴţʱСħɣȻ˺ɫķˣʥԼޱһ㡣
ֻˣȫѪͳ
ֻʥǱȫǺСħϣȴȼ֮ף
СħɳХһڵĻÿһط䣬ϯ죬ɶ֮ѾԻû֮壡
СħڿзӣٶԽԽ죬ںΨһ
һʱ䣬ƹܻ֮ףȫӳİǹϡ
ʱǹǹâǰɣ֮ǹȼգ֮ںϣ˺ա
һ˵ǣЯ˼ڵ֮Ѫѣһǳǰᱻһ飡
˿ֲһֱŵİǹƺҲΪս⣬˷ܵ
ǣ
죬ںΧƵĺǹϵƿ˺ѣһɹģ·ܶһеķͱǹϵ׻֮ݹڣ
ǹͳڽ˸ٵĳ£ƻ֪ǹϲƵ׻֮Ҳƺ򣬼ǿ˼µ֮ѪṩԴԴѪһѾﵽ˼£
Ļ淨ͬѪǺѡ
䣡
˿̵ݣ˶һǣЯ޷ݵǿƣصĺںϣ
һ֮֮׺ͻźÿһطһɲǱ񱩵Ļ֮Χˣ
׻ײÿһγܽ޾ɽɻҽ嫵ĺɡ
Ƿ·޾ıģ£ʼ
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ŴĿĵĴ죬һ̣˵ĺϣȻһ˿ѷ졣
򣬸ӦˣŰİΧ֮£Ҳ˲Ӧһ˿Էֱѷ죡
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سڽİǹһǿµĹԣγɿֲѹǿҲظⲻϵѣ
Ѫڻա
˫ĿѪ죬һǹһǹĻӳѷ⾪¿ʼꡢĲ
⡭⡭
ԶԶĿµһĻǶ𺳣ʥͣˣһ˫һתתĿ
˸ǿȵĿ¹ȻЪĴÿһɱһ
һܴĹ
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µը񱩵𣬸߿ķ֯һ
ԽԽ࣬ʱѾо˱ں֮УǸ꣬Լ˻
꣡
ЦһѾ޵ɱ죬ͬħɭϢֻἤɱ⣡
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Ȼǵã֮ǰʥľ޵޵Ȼˣȴ˵£ڵص
صޣ
ʥͬǣͨ޷׼
ʱ䣬޷ģڳ˰գֱӷɭݷ
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࣬
ŭһŰԹϢԺֻЦһ㣡
ȼžѪȫٶȱȾѪ˫ۣӶǹŵϵķ϶̶ֱȥ
ɣ
ɭײУһɲǣǹϱĻ磬˳ŷ϶뺮ڣ
䡪䡪䡪
׻֮ڱڲըŰĻ棬ϯ˲꣬˺ѷεĲҺգ
࣬Ҹ㲻ͬ죡
ҾͰѹˣᣡ޵Цţħֱ˾޵еĲꡣ
ͬʱҲܲסڲϵıըʼ绨ըѿöѩ޵һ̿ʼ̮ˣ

޾ıм˴أͬһûˡ
һ̣ڱɱ


1730 ֮
֮ɢ׻֮ɡ
䣡
ֻһ죬ըıɢ䣡
ŰǹӺ߳ͷɢȫѪѪҺ
ʱ˿ڣѣѪܱЩ˲ǲ£һеȥ谵ǹ岻ظɵ˺ۡ
ǹʵ̫ˣҴ߶ҪҲΪ˶ʱڴݻ͸֧壬̫
ʱ֮Ѫûȥɴޱ״̬һӵ߳ɱ

ŲƬƬı̮ۻɺˮٲȡ
죬ȴΪһε޷Ǵϯȥ
龰ߣס˺޷
֮Ѫ֮ʵ̫ǿǹεԺܴѹȸУ
ʥ֮⣬ˣɷҲִĸо
Զǰ˸ǰ˳߾͸ˡ
ױըһ˲䣬һ°ͶҪڵˣʥûɱȴϣ
ôܷ£
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ȻʵѾǰ˸ȴоܽܡ
Ϊǰ˳ˡ
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ҲȻյһϢʾȻȷ˲Ѿ󻨻ˣЩûܻع
Ȼ˵˵ͨ£ʵʥСħ֮⣬˷ӵüΪޡ
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𽥽ȫƬûѾ֪˵ʲôˣ񣬴ӳʱԽ΢ӣڣȴſˮԹԵվʥһ仰˵
ԭʥԼʥϵ͸֧һֱѪȴڵĴһ㵱Ȼоôռˣʥȴôࡣ
ǲһУԭȴͻȻ֣˼ΪҪã˵ʥȼձҲ൱Ŀܻ䡣
еŵǣǰЭʥ£ɱ˲ֶΣʵòˡ
ʮһ壬ǿߣԭеԽʵʥܾϲһ˱ȵùʥֻǵתʥѾ֮ºе֣תڰתھתǾ͸ǲˡ
ڣĳ֣Ѿʥй֮޲еԽȻͱˡ
δԻᷢչ޷ĸ߶ȣļʶС

ʥһģұΪѾȴû뵽ʱʮ꣬ȴһ˽ܣҲһ컯
ʥһǶߵȴһЩоһʵѾ
ʥﻰʵһ˼ǾΪ»ⳡش
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ʮһεش٣ʮռϱʧ֣һԽԽŵ㣬ʥ塢壬˺ܶࡣ
˵һ岻ͦȥĻʹҲǲܡ
ʥûֱӻش𣬶翵˵ֻظ棬޳ΨڣδġǳϨ𣬺ο塣ǰ̫ԻͣҲʧ١帲Ҳ֡
ʥĻƺڽһȴ˼ָпͼֲʣʥԸֻضô
Īģ뵽ˡʥ䡷ص֮ʯ
֣˵ǲɵֵջ󡭡
帲Ҳô΢΢Ĭûжʥʲô
ⳡиĸûˣҶôܴ
ʥ˵ʱ򣬲£ĺѾɢĴػָڣһƬһƬĺҲָ
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ߵĿ⣬ⷽתϣħ֣
ħֵ룬Ȼ֮֮һǳɫɢſµȶȣһţǱɫˡ
ͼȵ֮𣬾ħֵ룬ల¡
Ҳ֪֮𣬾µģɫһǲ棬ɫһǲ
֮µ챦
һʱ䣬ǶΪջɱˣ֮δȻҪѯ
һУħ־ͷɻϣתš
ħ֣ʥ΢΢⶯ܸоħ̺ı仯һʱ޷͸
׹ȻǱѰ
ᴥħ֣űɫ֮𻺻ɳһʱ䣬֮еĹ켣һ㵭ı˪ն˪ǡ
ԶԶģǶܴű֮иܵһа֮ǲŰ꣡Ȼ帲𣬵δ
ʥָһö֮ʥȥ
µĺ㣬滹˲־ףѲ
ⳡУʥӹɣռ˰ڽɽµıҪָʥһ롣
䲻Ļ֮ʥԼֵɹһԵ
ˣȴա


1731 ɶ
ʥذ׵˫֣ס˲֮
򣬶ԺӦΪоĵһ̺֮ƷʼΪĺȻʥڱϵ輫ߣҲչܶϵĵرЩĵرȴ²֮ȡ
·µĽǱѰ
һʥ֮ȷʵҪö֮ʥʵڶʱٽһΪպ̤롶תת»
ʱģһö֮ڲ档벻֮෴ö֮ȶȾˣΧնյƺҪڻ
ʮָķķӡȫӡö֮ϣģָһö֮ͷСħɡ
ɶö֮㡣
ƮƮɵСħɵϡ
Сħһ˫ڵ۾һգգĶǰܴ֮ö֮иܵһǿҵƺԣΪġ
СħɵѪںڷˣڷԱǻ𣬶ǰ֮Ҳǻԣ
ֻҪö֮Сħɿڶʱڣɵʵһܿͻʥڡ
ǿСħȴЩԥָ磬Ҳϵ֮ö֮𣬱ȻٶȽģңȴʲôҲûˡ
ҡҪûǴĻǵ˫ҪڱԴָıԴѡ׺ͻٺʲǾҪһöƷԴһöƷĸⲻ֮úʡ
Сħ˵ţȴҡͷҹ˫ĸ𼶵ĻֺԴ㹻ˣвµ֮ʵǻ֣̫ǿ˫ĸʵ̫˷ˣ˵ˣҲҵͬԴƥ䡣
Сħĵ֮Ʒ˵񼶶ˡ
˼ƷĻ棬һָʵǱ
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СħɵĻõ޻Сħɣ֮ӵ£
СħǿˣСħ˫ޣŵõĺô
˵ţСħҲûƴˣСĽӡõ֮ҪĻ֣Сħһȴ뵽ʲô
ʱתˣ˵Ǹֻ֮ȴûʲôˡһѰ鱦ҩģȸǣǾΣ
ЩǸ⣬󻨻ȴһЦֵܣĻʵͷβûʲôæرңżּΣõֵܸķֵܡɶŻɱǵڰ׼һˣɶ˲٣лʶ˵еĵ㣬ʱǻŷʲôĻǾƤ̫ˡ
󻨻Ļõ˵һ֮ͬǰս𵽵̫ˣǿҲͰˣǲܵűҪ
õɶȣ˾ѾˡԶа˸ΪûмɱСеߣɥӶˡ
̸۽ʱͻȻһϢǵԺ֮УϢеݣǻɱɶȣ
ʱס˺
ĻɶȽǴ˵ճɼǲָԼܴ㡣
ҲǾ۾ϸԼɶȣ֪ԼĵɵôѶ̫ɡ
䣬̧ͷʥһۣȴʥҲ
Ŀԣʥ΢΢һЦ㲻ˣȻʥںԷĳɼ
ܿȷǻܶ˶ϲüҡ
ǵɶǶ٣
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ʮһԭĺõö࣡
󻨻һڣɶʮǷǳĳɼ
׺̫ӲڵĲ㱻ɱ˵ĻǵɶҲǸչʮѡ
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ʮ
ĽºҲԼɶȣԭ֮ͨŵʱɶֻʮͨĲͷ̨ɶ˶ʮߣĵԲͲֻõʮɶȣȻΪǹ̫Сԭ
ˣҲˣɶȾǰ׼ģʥĻǰ㶼ò
ֿ³ء죬˳ƺͬһ㣬츳Ҳʮ־ˣɶӦúܸߡ
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οڣ³صɶȱȻһ㣬Ϊ³صĸڵԲʱ򣬷˸á
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һΣǵɶֻﵽ٣Ѳɻﵽٷ֮ʮ
ܶԺͷȴ޷š
Ƿ׷סĿЩ⣬ٷ֮ʮһˣ˵سˣҲǰʮϣʮߡʮ˵ɶȶѡ
ҲΪһ㣬ľãҪﵽʮɶȣܡ
ɶǶ٣Сħɡ
ʮߡСħ۶ǰͷһЦ¶С
һ֣ڳߵһ
ʮߵɶȣǱسļҲ˵߸ŵŮس
Ȼû⣬ɶȵʽֳõϿɣ˸оԽܡ
ΪԭӡУŮֻŮ˶ѣŮ˶ôǿ⻹ô
أ
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ʥ΢΢һ£ƽĵҸɶ㡣
ʮţ
˾֣Ȱٷ֮ʮֻһ֮ң
̫ˣʥ̲סսȭͷԵļҪ֪ʥǴתת״̬ǵתưٷ֮ʮˡ
ڰתھתĻǻ˵ã
ʥȻ˼ҡͷˣתҲƲ¼תңһĻҲɱҸ˰ңôֻҵɶȣ԰ʮѾǼˣǡܹѶȵķ֮š
ʥ˵ţǶǰզ࣬ʥ˰ʮŵɶϣƾͲһ㵽ʮʵȴǸһ蹵
ɴ˿ɼɶȰٷ֮ʮൽٷ֮ʮ֮ľ޴ˡ
ӹЩͷֻʥĻͻȻһ
ʥղ˵˵ҪʮܹѶȵķ֮ţǡѾ֮ô
ô˵
ֹӣɶǡţЩˡ
һ˵ҵɶǡٷ֮ʮ


1732 
ʮ
һʱ䣬ڳ߶Ȼ뵽ɶпͻưٷ֮ʮȷ֮ǻǸо𺳣ԷӦ
ĳٷ֮ʮˡ
Ī˵ٷ֮ʮǰٷ֮ʮ壬ҲѾ亱ʮɶȣǰĹУȴ޷ɵĿꡣ
ʮô
ʥһһ˫ӣٷ֮ʮѾϵˡ
ʮŵʮ֮ĺ蹵ԼһѾȥˡ
Ҹ㡭ڷ֮УɶȴҸ㡭
˵ͨ㣬ɱʱʥĹ׸Ĺ޼Ϊһɵģ㣬ڵõɶȣʥֻ߲ͣҲ˵ڵɶӦûǱʥ߳㣬ﵽٷ֮ʮĲź
ʵϣɶֻǰٷ֮ʮƺɶȵ˰ٷ֮ʮ֮ѣͬĿ飬֮ǰһ㣬ȴֻ㡣
ĻʥɣǷڰٷְٵɶȡ
ʱҲʥͬ뷨ĸоһɵ
ֹӣɼǰ޹˺ˡſѾ֪˵ʲôˣôҲû뵽ʦһʦȻ漣
ŵ㣬ٽĻֹӵɶȣҪٷ֮ʮˣ
ǰٷ֮ʮ壬Ǹǲˡ
ٷ֮ʮ𡭡
΢΢ĸоĵƺԭĲͬɶȣһõܸɴò
ҾáڵɶѾЩˣٹĻعٷ֮ʮɶҲϣͻưٷ֮ʮܸоδػˡ
ţֹӵ˼ǡĽһ˵
㡭ûô򵥣ô˵ǵϢһ£̤㣡
ѾΪĹ֮һţѾʥˡ
˵ʼϢ֮ǰĵĲ٣³ظˣȫѪ³صľ֮ˡ
Ľ¡ŵˣԭǵķˣ̤㣬ҪԼʵˣ룬Ȼӿ£ǵʵҪʲôãʵڿã
ʥСħɶûѡ֮𣬲Ͳµ֮ǱѰҪյĻ뾭ʱ׼Լ۷״̬Ѱһ԰ȫĻһһգһҪԤܷ⡣
ĻȻʺЩ
˴ĹУ֮еĿռڵ㸡˳εĿռ֮۶תţγһɫʱ֮ţǽͨ
صʱ֮ţ˶ûףû֪ʱ֮ͨηıʲô
ʱţеΧγһԪУȫΪ谵ǹ˺ѵѪۿɼٶţһʱѾȬˡ
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ɣ
վصĿռ֮ţѾߵһȻûɡ
ǰСħɽ󣬶ʥĽһ˺³ءˡ
ʱ֮ţѾǰɫʱԨ棬ͬһ㣬Ųûͣ٣̧˽ȥ
һɲǣоʱһŤʲôˣԼʶ롣
·˺ܾãƺһ˲䣬Χľɫٶʱ֣ԼһȫĿռ֮СԭСħɡʥˣʧˡ
ţֻʣһˣ
һݣ㣬ѵǵĿ飿
ԺЩͷʼϸ۲ΧĻ֣ԼһƬУĴķ·
µĴظͿƺУʸȴޱʵƽ̹ޱȡ
ǡ
ͫ΢΢һȴƬռĲԶһصͭ飬ع׾֡
Щֵݣһдǡ飿
顷
۾һô·ȡ˵ĳɼ顷ѲĹϵ֮ǰġ顷ֻоһһΣˡ顷ľ
⡶顷صĻʲô
·˵ġ顷ʮ취֮⣬ͬʱˡݡ
֮ǰġ顷һصϵݣһΣֻʲô
һС顷ȥ
ƺ㲢ûʲôӦĿ飬Ǹ߽һ㣡
ϸ룬֮ǰĵһ㡢ڶ㶼ǿ飬Σķ
˵㣬ûΣգֻ
ͬĲ㡢ҲΣյһ㣬ǽ
ҵõĽǡ顷ôô˵õʲô
ߵͭǰ棬Ĺڣͭɵпġ顷һһޡ
һ飬Ѿ֪˶£һʥ䣬м·˳Խܡ
ֻڵˮƽǡ顷һǡ顷̫಻ĵط
ֻܽЩȼ򡭡
Źһݣķ棬֣ڹ棬һͭŹס
ͭŹױ棬˴ִ֮µĹƿĶħӰޱȣΩΩФ


1733 ֮ƪ
ͭס
ͭͭŹףһʱ뵽ͭɵеԪʯ̥ҲǱһͭŹС
ѵһͭŹУҲƵķ
ͷԺ·˴ġ顷Ϊǵķ̫㣬ɱĳһǾз򲢲ʺ·
ʮʺϻĹҲʺʥĹ
죬Ҳޱз
һºķʱ䣬ĳЩϣҲûн
·ˣҲܱǣ·˴˷֮Ѫ꣬ĵرֳԼʶһ֣֮ڡ
÷ʺԼķ򣬵ȵ֮ٽ뱾֮УںΪһͻ
ʶЩ˼΢΢Ѿ˿巨Ԫʯ̥ôڶͭŹ֮еķʲô
Ԫϵϵ
ûȥƿͭŹףǴͭĻۣ鷭˿
ҳһ仰
еѭ޵죡
ʮ˸֣һ̽ɣֻǿһۣԺ
仰Ѿǵһμǡ顷֮
м̺İľңⲢһںţΪеġ족·Ҳȷʵˡ
ټ··µĲ硣
֪޳ʮ취ʱǷҲܴһԼĴ磿
ţַһҳʼĶ顷ġ
⡶顷Уÿһ֣ƺ̺ħϢ˿һۣ궼·Ҫȥһ㡣
оЩֱ꣬ǻŵģ
ַ֣ľҲЩʵһӡħǿµд֣
Ļ⡶顷ľǧǿдɵġ
뵽һ㣬оľ
дɵġ顷ѵ顷ǡ֮ƪ
顷һֻһǡ֮ƪǡ֮ƪôʾǡ֮ƪˡ
ǡ顷ľɣԼɶǷأ
Ҳҵɶȳٷ֮ʮŵԼ顷ľҪ顷룬ҪɶȰٷ֮ʮϣҪٷְ٣
ţȴ΢΢ü
һֱһǣǾԼͨ㣬ɶô
㣬ԲͲ棬ʥİ£ǿͨأľ㲻ͨ
ңԼɶǰٷ֮ʮ֣ҲЭ
Ϊ֮ǰڹһ֮ɶΪٷ֮ʮ
֮ŽɶȰٷ֮ʮ塣
Ĳٷ֮ʮ
̨ٷ֮ʮ塣
һϵ֮ͨɶȲʮβΪ塣
Ψ㣬ɶȴǰٷ֮ʮ
оΥˡ
һֱɣԼʵδͨ
ʥ˵ǿŶӺͨҲֻΪѶ̫ߣڴҲò
ܹһͨĻɶָǶ٣᲻ﵽٷ֮ʮأ
뵽ЩԽԽоԼƺδõġ顷
ҡҡͷȥЩ飬顷סִѹʼϸĶ
ļھѾﵽ˹ĿľأˣĶ顷Ǹоǳ
ΪЩ֣˼ѾʲôˣҪÿһֱ̺һ⾳ҪЩ⾳˵һ޴ս
֮⣬֮䣬ķ·ҪЩ·ҲǼ򵥵顣
֮ǰѾ顷һݣҪЩǾ͸ˡ
ϧܽ顷߾ͺˡ
뷨Ķ顷Ϊ·˾̫ˣܶණ⣬ֻǿмס
ʱƣδԡ顷˸һ⣬ȻҪ֤Щ⣬ͱҪԭƾվޡ
£Ȼ͸ˡ
Щͷǰͭ飬ĵþȫȥƶ鼹⣬Ȼ˿δ
⡶顷Ǵߵġ
νʵͭǰ񣬿ʼ顷
⡶顷Ķ֮һƪһƪֺͷ·֮ĶʮֳһҪִѹһ߻ҪļľЩ
ܿ죬͸оԼ͸֧һɶ
ÿʱʹһöĬľظһֿ֣ʼ顷
ʱţȥʮʮҹ
ڶˡ顷ǿеݡ
Ȼϣ顷롶顷һͬһޡҲҪһ
һҪʮֿ̣ҪôȡɾҪôơ
ǰߣǻںܳһʱڣ״̬Ҫֲ꣬Ҫĵرֲ
ڵ˵Ȼɽܣڼ뾡һа취ʵôȥԼꡣ
Һãڡ顷ĺ棬һͭŹס⣬ͭŹ֮У·µˡ
һߵͭŹ׵ĸǰ
һڹŹףѾ֪˯˶£ıɲմ
ڹŹǰĬãŹŹһ񣬶˫֣ᴥ˹Źױһϵϡ
صɲ֪죬֮䣬׭һģЩľ£ŷΧܵһε
òǷ֣Ҳǹǡӡ
ӡͭŹеĶ
ͭŹеʲôأ
вɱͷ
·µĵһ߷Ԫʯ̥ƣԪʯ̥ʯԪۼ֮أķѼʮʱ䣬ֻԵɺϣŵ
·ԴʯΪϣ쾫Ԫ
ڣ顷·ʲôģ
δ֪ĶҲûףڹŹǰʱʱ䣬Լ״̬ﵽ۷壬վ
ԹŹף˫ӡһ˲ʹǧٵ޷ģЩ޷ķƿ̵ķĺӦһʱ䣬Ź׶һɵĹ
šžžž
ͭŹϵһһĽ⿪ˡ


1734 ֮
˫ְͭŹ׵Ĺ׸֮ϣǣȫ£һʱ䣬ڽֻ¡¡죬˲֪ͭŹףƿˣ
ƿͭŹ׵һǵʱĵ㣬ʼ·ʲô̫žޣһ㣡
ǣ
оǴƬƬȥγڵԨԨ֮Уһ޴ĺɫʯӵ»
ǡ
һƹŹ׵˫ֲԾͣȥȴǿӵĺɫʯһܣѶȵķ֮пľ޴ʯ޶£̵һս
սֳֺɫǹսףۣͷɢƾˣ
վ޵ǰܸܵŨɷԺжһɱŰϡ̵ĸоƺҪʧһ㡣
ĵ㣬ƿͭŹ֮󣬾Ȼֳһսĵܣʲôõģ
Щ㵣̺֮ĻأȻ塣
Ȳ²⣬ս֮Уǲǿܷӡ·Ȼܿ죬ͷ뷨
ΪܸоǱƿһǵͭŹУɢź嫵ϢȻŹײ֮ء
޵ܡ
΢΢ߵ֮ǰϸ֪ķ֣֮Уƺ̺ŨĿռ䷨֮Ŀռ֮еĳһ۶
ǡռڵ㣿
һ޵֮У̺һռڵ㡣
Уֿռڵ㣬⣬һڡ
߲㣡
һֻõһ㣬ôľ飬һͲɶȣѹڵ߲㣡
һ㣬ƱػȵѣһβҲûаְգֻ˵öɶȾöٵ̬ȥԴ߲㡣
߲Ŀռڵ㾹Ȼ޵֮У֪Ǻ⣿ѵʲôĵط
֣ԭֱ߲ӿͺãȴһ޵֮УͷǱѰˣĵһͷǣ޵ܣ漰һ顣
УڶҪ֮ţĲҪ̨ܶʱ֮ͨôùġ
޵ʲôҲޱȵ顣
ţͻȻһֵĳԼ
Ȼ֣޵ܵս֮ϣŵİۣ۵״ʮϤ
Աߣ׭˼С֣Щ֣д顷Ĺдɡ
дǡ
ʮ죬޴У˽ܣߣԵ֮ˣ
Ե֮һ֣ԵȻ棬Ҳ֮ܵУԵȻ츳ףҲܵŶ롣
Ե֮ö飬Ե㹻֮ʱԻ֣֮ԵֲѰ಻ãЯöԵ֮񵽴ˣɿ߲֮š
޵ܰԱߵһСλ˺һ
·У˽ܣߣԵ֮ˣ߱߼汸ܵõеϿɡ
ǰ㣬·飬Ѿߵ츳ˣ߲ڣȴҪһԵ֡
ԵֵǡöԵ֮
ֻͬʱõö񣬲߲ܿ㡣
һԼֽУȡ壬ȷе˵ֻһ壬һöƬ
壬ɱϷлõģƾö壬롢ȣгɹӣһƬɱ֮أǾɱ֮Уɱܴɱڤ󶥼֡
˵ġ
һƬʦѦͷ̯򵽵ġ
ѦͷѹͲ֪ƬʲôֱֻеƬͬѰƾо˺ܶ꣬ȴʲôûоףֻΪһ鱦ƬϡͿ
һöƬΪе޵ȱʧ̫࣬Ѿûֵ̫һֱֽ֮Уδʹá
óö˰۵״
ʣö񣬽ö밼֮У߲Ŀռžܿˡ
ܣôֻĿ߲ţܽ롣
ֹ򡭡
Щˡ
ճټ·ҪͬʱõöССĵǱȴ뻹ѣ˵һɵ
ǣ·˵˵ö񶼷ǱѰǡԵ֮񡱣̺ķ򣬲ǷֻҪԵֵˣ㲻ȥҵ񣬵ȴҵ㡣
޷öֻ˵Եֲ
Եֲô
нһһСĵ񣬿ЦһԭãԼܵõεõѾǻԵˣǽ㣬ȴεĵ֪ԼԵֻҪ߲㣬ҪͬʱõС
ԼеĵڶˣȻ·µôô׵
ʣоЩϳˡ
ڵǰվ˺һԥһ£ŽöǶ֮С
ۣ״ͬȷǿĵ񣬷϶಻٣ոպʡ
ֽѵĵ˰
ʱԾһĻˡ
öѵ밼֮еɲǣöѵʵĹâĹۣ֮һ̣öâ֮ۻҺ壬ۡ
ţǡ
ɴ۾Ϣ֮ЩҺ̣γһöĵ񣬽ˡ
޸
סˡ
Ļɼ飬ֻҪõеһˣԼ˵ǿһϢˡ
ǡǸ֪ٵĵöԼҪҵأ


1735 Ȫ̥
Ե֮ĳ֣ҲѾߵ˾ͷΣڶʱڣҵԵ֮
ɶȣҲ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ʵδɣ˵ףڻ̫ᣬ㣬ɾͽδزȴﵽ
ЩͷͭŹ֮ǰ˫ְס׸ǣͬһŹһ
ƷѾƿһǵĹŹףƿˡ
Ź׿ɲǣס˺Ȼ˿ѪǹѾϡ
ӿӿľ֮УŹףԤſܵΣա
صĹŹףĺب㿴Ĵϣ֮ȴǺ޶
΢΢ֻǿīϢ˸صķģһˮסӴĹŹף˿
һϢȴĳҡҷ·޾Ԩ·Ҫɽȥ
⡭ۻĻ
𺳣ȻˮϢȻʵʵĻȻѾյĵزӰ죬оĪա
·棬ݷʲô֮

ɱռ䣬ǼʯȻɲӼĺġ
Ѫǹɱ֪ٴΣһǹѪϲ¡˸зĶ׹䡣
䣡
˲ϢǹâͬȪĺɫȻꡢ·Ĵ죬ȻƮɢӲ𵴺俪

ͻȻһ˻𣬳˱ħϢӹŹﴫ
һħɾ޴ħ֣˸ɫĽ󣬸ѪǹӲһǡ
һÿһڰڽ£ֱӽղ飬Ѫӿ˼£һ²ȡ
ħ֣ѪǹƴһǣҲɢ
ʱŹĶ¶ǰ
Ķͫ΢
ⶫ
ֻŹ׵УȻƮһͷīɫϽڣīɫۣɶߣɢӴޱѹǰ
īɫϽڣϣÿһŶͷ­СȻһħ˻ɢһϢ
Ͻ飬ħͷ
īɫϣȻҲǾ뵵ƣӿĪ״Ӵʱв԰׵ľ޴ͷѪɫ̰ͫɨ
·Ƶɴ۾һգգĶǰľۡ
ͻȻ䣬еһȣǰѹµ֮Ѫӿһ£˲ϢĲ׽һ˿ͬѰ
ռ޴ڡ
֮Ѫһ˿¶Ĳħħ壬ʵ壬һɹɳԹͱĻ
̲һŸӺڰӺ嫵ɭȻ
Ż·󺣣̽ոǱ룬ͱɵøɸɾ
Ȫ̥ս̫壬նɱ̫ŹϻߡЩ꣬ʮȪ̥
Ȫ̥ǡ顷Ԫ˷ӵۻǱ޾컯˷ܼ꣬ͨ
ͻȻ䣬һĵڤڤԶʶ
˲Ϣ׹·һռһ
в̫ŻߵԹδҪõȫõԼȥЩ̫ŻߵĲԹ
ɢȥ
ҪĨȥЩԹ
۾нսӿ֣ÿһ̫ŻߣǾսɱɹ޾£ʵֲ
ǰԼܵͷīɫϽڵħһ̫ŻߵԹ
Ȼǰֻǲ̫ŻµԹл꣬־ҲԿֲ
Ҫõ·˵ĳϣõͫȵսӿһֱ̤ӺͷϽڵħ
䣡
ħ޾ħ˲Ϣӿ
ͫ׶ʱնϳħƣ·㲼ȫ
ͫڵת
ħ죬һȭͷĺһƣ·𽩻
ʶУȴħ
ǰ޾磬·Ļƻ衣
ޱ޼ʵĻҰʬÿһʬɽС
ռ塢ɭȻϢ
̬һھǦɫƲԼ¶ɽ
ʮɢѹɫ̫Żߣǰ
ÿһϢֲͶ䶼зӿͫԼâ˸
һԣеǾͬ⼸ʮ̫ħ
֪һսͬСɣսһȼա

һֻڶ
һӿŻĻɳ
һһѪеѪͻѪ˿ʶռսԻ˱Դ
ͬʱзѪǹҲ˻޾һΪ˿˿Ƶף鲼ȫȻоǷѪǹȻķѪǹǷѪǹǻδѵ
ͬʱа֮Ҳ˳
ľ·ܹ˺أɢ޾а֮ÿһƬҶϣȻһֻ΢͵Ļ˺˸ž֮˻
ڵа֮֮׽֮Ϣ
һ֮ĳ֣Ʋ
̫ڳʱնȻѿž޴ƥǳȻ֡
ǳϣΡΡĹ˸
ȻƳɹϸ췣
ȻԻǴǴʶУɢغ嫵Ϣ
ֻĳײļӳøûˡ
ȴĴЩ̫ŻߵԹлȴ´ࡣ
䣡䣡
ž޴ƥǻԣЯ䣬ɽĺȥֱӱ䡣
顪
ǳͬǺлֱ꣬ڴϡ
ɻĳǺεӴ̫ʮԹأֱһӱҴ˲
ر任ֻһ˷ӿ
»ƽɫĴ󺣲죬ȻԼʶС
սʮգҲʮ
һԼʶһαǣֱǵ˸ƲߣЩ̫Ż߲лӸߴ
˫ȭɽһ̫Ż߲лȥ
а֮Ҳʼһ֦ɢ취УûЩ̫Ż߲лɨ
֮ͬ΢Ҳ׷״н֯׻
˲Ϣ䣬ӿһȺ̫ŻߵԹлݺײһ


1736 ڶ
ʶ֮У̫Ĳлɱһվţһ¾ȥˡ
ɱ֮Уʱɫ԰ףżıǿסѪ˿ÿʱʶ֮Уб̻ɫͬһնһУĴڱ̻ս顣
꣡
սҲпᣬ̫Ųл꣬Ա̻սնɱ
һ̫ŻߵԹûӿǿǳ㱻սնΣҲлָٴȥ
еһֻֻҲϯɽ壬а֮һٸÿһֻӴУǺ˺һڻٱ顣
֮֮𣬶һĳУʼɢ

һһ£ģıǿסǶѪ˿ͫеҲԽԽࡣ
һ죬ͻȻһʯȻһɭȻ
Ǻÿһëֱ
УȻĲҽк
ǰħԹ۵ħ壬Ȼ⡣
ԭһֱͫﶸȻϵ˸ԭ̽еı̻ս飬ӿ޾֮ٴκݺݹ룡
ȻһĺǺƵﴫ
ֱͬӳʶ˲һݡ
һŻ磬Լģĺѳ˿˿ͬĻȥ
ţҲһˣ
һ㣬ͫк̫Թл궼Ӳ飬һǡ
һȣֲͫ׻𳤽պնĻƬ
ۣԼĲҺ洫һֿҲɢ
壬¡һͬڵȫС
ֻԺ˵һ죬ʶʱ鲼ڵĻ
ÿһ˸ɢޱߵѹ
̫ʱع׾ķģڻ֣ɢޱġ
һʶﱾ꽥ѳһķ
ϣÿһë׶籡صķ
εض˲ϢӿһУûȥ
ǲ֪̫Ӵ
Ҫһֱںϣɺѡ
壬ٴʯ״̬
ÿһëףԼкڹ䡣
̫ͫʱģھۺȫִӼѪӡ
Ĺ̲֪˶ã۾۾ȫȡ˫ͫת
һĺڹ⣬·ÿһط籡
ǰвϳھۣеĺڹⶼкһɶ
ģһȫīЦò޶µ˳ǰ
ֻ̿ӰˮƵʣǺ
Ͷ䣬һʵʵĻӿӿɫϣȴɢһɭɭаԣ
ĵһԪʯ̥ȫѪʢͬսһ㡣
ڶȪ̥ȴȫħǹϵĶħһ˫۾İԨκιͶӰȥ㱻ȫɡ
ΪߣȪ̥һۣоԼ·ҪʧأƺҪ޾Ԩһ
ڳˣ
һֳһֱΪ̫Ļ·µĽ󷨣γ
ΪбУܹоԨ󺣵ĺ嫣ǿ
һȻѿһֶġʮһģһͬ̿ǰ
ûʵʻ壬ѣֻǷѳÿһֻԭʮ֮һ
һϲֻҪڣԼıشȫܹѸϡ
սϣԻˣǺǿһ
Ҫ֪ǰĻɲô׻ָ𺦣ֻҪ˱ԴͿѸٻָ
ǻģֻܹµĻ幦ָ
ۻպԽ׳ıꡣ
ϣǿ󡣿ԷѳĸС
һЩ׷ȥ
ۣ
һԼʱһ̫ŻϢĳꪱçֱɫһףΪ΢΢
ȻʱȻЩʹ࣬ȴһϲɫ
ղΪԼ꣬Ĺ⣬Ѿǳǿ󣬿ȴ˲ͱ̴Ϊ걾ͬԴûʵԵ˺
ڸղŵĹУҲĲЩȣһЩ̫ŻߵĲлݷУʱûȫ
Ҫ׽գҪһЩʱ䳹ںϡ
õͭŹĻɢؼ䡣
һƬŵС
ûϼ뿪ĿǰУɽͭϡ
ʥ˵ʱ䣬еʱһռһ궼ϡƽ¡֮ռڻῪ˶ᱻǿдͳȥ
⡶顷ڶĺ嫣Ҳȥʱ仹Ҿڶ顷ҵĴԵҪһЩȥĻҲˡ
оͭϴĺϢȴϧ顷Ͼ޷ߣѧļΪޡ
ϵ·˴ġ顷κи


1737 
Ѿ㣬ڿʼֱռ䣬С顷
ǵ㽱ռ䣬ˣŶлԵʱҲҲСħɣҲİΣ㱾ûΣա
߲㣬Լȥ˾͸ˡ
еעͭ棬һ;ͭһԶϸĦ̺ǿϢּ
ȫ֮УֻǳħϢּһɢȻϢħԼ
ƺΪ˵ڶٿͭ飬һܣʶ֮췭ظƺһ޴ħ֣гģħΧγķ·
һһƽ޽֣նħӰɢħϢ
ͭǰÿһ֣ҪŬѹּеĻϢȻϸĥּе⡣
š
ּͭϢһεڱѹ
ÿһī֣·ǳʶϡ
ͭϵĻȫȻȥ
ġ顷ڶʶС
ڶ飬ǻķţжذ֮
йһ顷Ѿ˻°빦ÿһּ⣬ÿһĵ򣬶ʶϿշ裬İ衣
ģһ顷ڶּ˸ĻΧת
ƪֺޱߣУ֪š
ͬһʱ䣬ռһյء
һаɳīĻֱܻʡ
ΧڵĿռ䶼һƬ˴ϢĻ浱С
ɫ룬СħȫŴƣٵĺڷ䣬ǰڡ
üǰУһŽռ䶼ƺҪѵĻ澫꣬һ飬ںϽСħɵ嵱С
澪꣬Ȼǲľꡣ
ǲֲһ㱾꣬СħҲķһʱ䣬ſʼӦⲻ澫ٶȡ
ÿһ㱾СħƤоͳһƬ·ӡƵĻ֮Դġ
ģȫʼڵĹ⣬һŴϢѪ⡢
ڵ϶صĻ˸ʼСħɵĽͬǲϱյĲ澫С
һڶ޴ѣɢյС
Сħɣʼ޽ӽȻΪСħɸոɵڶãҪӵڶȴһ󲽣ûʱĻۣһ͡
ڵ֮ǰҪĴ򣬽ı곹׸ԼıںϡһͨϵսЩ֮ڻͨǻԼһ֡
ͬʱ֪յС
ƵһĻݡ
ֻǲͬСħƵĻ𺣣ƬǧĿռУѱ̵ļ±ᡣ
ͬȫŴƵĻʥտĺ֮С˫գźۻ˫ϥΪǺ񺮱Թģ壬С
һ嫵ıѩ˸ѩԴʥ뺮֮š
ʥüĴһֻ΢͵ıѩ˷ţ˸Դıѩʥȫ⡢趼ڹӦ
ѩ˷ţʥǲľȫ֮µһ㾫ӡ
һڵľѪʥѩڳɢֲǳɢ
ɢʱռ䶼Ӵѹ顣
˿̵ʥĴԲ
ڽʱ򣬾ӴĻۺ͵̡Ĳ꣬ǿԲġ
ʶޱȰȫĵռ䣬ʥѡƽԼԲȫԼͻת״̬
ֻҪһУʥͿȫȫΪߴת׼ˡ
ת߰˾ŴתѶȼ󣬼ʥٺתҲûе
²תһ۲㣬ת֮·ԵӰ죬δĳɾͣĲ֮꣬ʥ˸ĺͰա

ûе˭Ҳ޷ĵ߲㣬ܿҲһ㡭
󻨻ռˣһʼҲͼѰ߲ͨռͨȻ޹ǣǲԼͬѡõӴջ
ǵջԶԶҪС
ɶȳٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮ࣬ʮɶȣʵ̫Զˡ
󻨻Ľµ˻õģʮ취֮УӦǱ

ʱƵ˵꣬Ѿıƽռرյٽ㡣
ɽͭǰɮ붨浴ڻԽԽޡ
Ժ棬顷ڶּͬڵǳ˸
·˱ѧ¡ȻжҲֻǶ˺Сһ֡
д󲿷ֶȫҪʱϰ
Ĳ֡顷ڶݣʼӲûʶУǡ
һּɹ۾
һ䣬ﵴһɺڹ⡣
һ̣˫Ŀ
ƺ쵽˳ȥʱˡġ顷ڶ֮ռԽԽˮ齻ڵĸо
ѾԼоռɢųԼ
Ĵ۵һزֱӽԼͳȥҲ˵ռȫյʱҪˡ


1738 Ľ
ʱţ·ųĸоԽԽǿңۻȥʱ䣬ԼҪĿռгȥˡ
֪СħɺĽôˡа⣬ռ䣬˸иԵĻԵ֪Сħõʲôʵ˶١
ڿռ֮Ѿʼڼʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬ֻͭǰķ·𽥻۳һͼ
һͼħ֣ȴ˺ܶĶ˸ϸܣ·
Щ·Ȼȥޱȣһɨȥȴߡ
һЩ·ķʱ򣬹ճ·Ϊơ
ϸһۣͫľ֮ɫʢ
ͼħ֣ǡ顷ͼĽϣЩƯ·ͬķƳ··
ֻһʦЩϵ·ʮԻ󡣱ϾЩ·ȥ£˼ƯϸСܿĶǹ졣
գѵһ˼ľ˳̶ȡܿͿһϿµ·ǿķƹ̡
ÿһ·˴˽桢գܲļα仯
ûķĲϣЩϼصһЩķ·
Щһ·Ƶķǻ۽ᾧ
ոʶһ㣬ԺͻȻһϵ
ʮ֮ţ֮ɼ̳취󡣴˷Ժ̫֮֮ԴԴ֮Я취Ѫںϣ·С磬ʮʮݺᡣ
ЩϢԺϣдϲ
˲ϢõϿɺҪһ߽ʮȥ
취棬൱һ΢·磬Զķڵ෨򣬶ʮʹá
Ҫܷ֮ĺĵС
֮Գ·ûйЧԭʮų⣬һû·磬ΰڸ޷޷
취ȫҪ˼ʮˣ
ʶЩٳɣ˲Ϣ취С
ɲǣ˲Ϣ䣬󷨷糤ˮһ㵹ϯ壬֮ѸС׷Ĺ⾫ѪС
ÿһͼǾ汾Դܻ侪ˡ
·ǳ룬ӲޱȵĵزɱѪڣֱһʱ֮еķһʱ䣬һתصͼ
С
һɢ汾Դ磬ı߽綼˶չ
һֻ̣оԼΪѾ޽ӽʥڣֻҪԸ⣬ʱͻơ
ʱһ̡
취統ȫѪȫںϣֱ˴ˡ
嫵·ˮӿ

·޺
޺̲죬ޱ޼ʣͼѰ޺ľͷȻƷ齢ȫ޺ӣȴҲɲ߼ʣͼʩչռŲƵģʧڻҵʱ֮Уҵ·
ƺ޺·ľͷͷģڻҵռ֮УռңΣķûߵ
޺ޱߣɲ⡣
ĺˮûǳˮ޾Ӵ̫źޣеĺޣ޼Ĵڡ
Ȼ˵޺˲ٱأΪˮ̫̫գ̽ѰصĿԹãֻΣգʶƬƽʱǰǽգ޺ȴƼʮˡ
ʮˣǸľӢмǰܣҲῡܣưĹۺ̨ں֮ϣ·齢Ư
ǳ
ΪЩӣ޺Ͽգϵռ籩ƺʲôµĶ𣬶ľ飬ζ·ĳҪˣ
ٽ
·ĸԣǷ
ǸԵеӲμô·ڿǵҪ׸
Уûκ˲μҲҪ޺һ
ҪžɶΣɶȣӺ̶ܴϿԷӳһδĳɾͣĳţɶڰٷ֮ʮߣʮҵߣôζţδٻΪ벽вСĿܣɾ
һ𣬷еǾͲ˵ˣǾһϧѪȥ׷ͷȴ£
ʵ·񼶵֮Уֵôϯºܵϲ£˵ۣӵеҲ˶ѡ
ʶĸܹɶȰٷ֮ʮ˵ߣԻĹע
ɶȰٷ֮ʮţǾ͸ˣߣܳΪ𣬻һЩܳΪ֮еǿߡ
һɶȰٷ֮ʮǾˣٷ֮ʮ֮俴ֻһ֮ʵرһʱ䣬ҲͳôˣˣɾҲϣɾ
ɶȣûĸȥһҲֻʥ˵ˣʥʮˣ·޹ء
޺ʵǿŶλá
ССʮۺ̨λλģȻֻˡ
кĵӲμ̫ӣĺףǿעⳡҫ۵ڽ֮ǰжԼʹⳡԿпˡ
ĳ˵һĽҲδıƴʶǳӡ
ӵģ״ӣӵа벽Ϊ
һӵĵʦʦͬһ벽
õĹۺ̨಻ʮɣţԵ˼
ʵϣٺЦţԣһòŮΪŻǣһԵĹ̷ϡݼƣ뷲˽Ļʵһ޶ν൱ܡ
ʱı飬ҲһгӣžǰʦƳһʦԱϵ칦ƣЦе˵ʦ칦ƶ׼ôƺ̫׼İɣʦѾƶ̫ӻ῭ˣӰڵ̫磬ı
䳰ȷţΪʥͻĴ䣬˴˱ǵжԹϵһ𣬵ȴĹֹģһǹսˡ


1739 ڿ
԰ƣʦЦһϵָнû̫ʦεķ֣˹˵Ҫ˵̫һ²̨ĿԼ
ĺף̫ӣǸһĵӣвСĿܳΪ
οˣʥ֮ˣ۰ʦǸĵŰٷְٵġ
ЦãǾͿ̫Ӻͺף˭ɶȸߣּʱǵĵӷʲôĻ
ҪҸģԹĶҲҪǺֶǿǾһ˰
ʦ˵ԽԽ𣬾ʱͻȻӿϵĿռ֮ڿٻĳڣѾҪˡ
ˣһԭӵĳ氲˺ܶ࣬ܶ˶ھ۾ĵųڿ
ĳʵֹһһĳ֮⣬Сڣܶ߻ᱻͳδؾͳʶǺܶѾ׼˴͸źŵһʱټӡ
Ǹ׼ӭӱŵӵʱͻȻ䣬ӿɽһľκˣֻңԶߣһĽɽɶŷɫ⡣
ɽոջߣתۼ˵ǰ·ƾճֵģɽ߲ɽûƺ֮䣬У֮˷츲ء
ɽ۵ݣ
ɽﲢֵþȣΪɽ֮УһֻۣǱΪ齢ʹá˸е𺳵ǣɽ֮ϣɢֲѹƺɽɽۣסһλ飡
ѹ˷ľη궼Ϊ֮
ôԶľ룬Էɽ֮Уȴڳʮˣǿ߶սƣֻܾУ
⡭ôۣѵԽˣ
󱲵ӵھɡ
ۺεݣٹϵشҲԴӭӵӣһǰ벽¡
һͬΪμĻʥݷͬһ㣬ڵλϣƽƽؼһ㣬ʥĽŮӡ
ʥأʥԱʮҪغתǷԲʶ۲Żӭӡ
۵ĳ֣ڳ߶ס˺Ҳû˸ҴˣǶھĵĵȴڿ
ɽʼͷ֮ϣƯȴųڵĿ
ʱֹȥ˼ӣģһưĲϼ޺ϿۣɫԪ˷۶뵵Ѥޱȡ
ͣ
֮䣬˸
ԭͲӿĺϣһ̸ǿӿγֱǧС
еĳ֣ԪԽԽͣһ޴Ŀռ֮Ÿ˳Ұ޵ľ޿ڣء
ڽˣ
ռ֮ŵĳ֣ҲζŽе߼ͳ
Ҫ֪ˣ
֪ε߻٣ʲôɼ
ʥһһģǲ֪ûдµļ¼̫Ӻͺֵ˭ʤһ
۷׷ףĳǵѦͷͷҲ˵УѸߣͻǣӹ൱Уƽʱǲйǰ̯ʢ£ǵȻǲġ
ҽ죬ǻһҪעĺ󱲣Ǿˡ
֪Сôǿ͸ǰϸ˲ҩתۼ䣬ֳˣ֪Ｏ֮ģŪ˽ʸ񡭡
ưɣȻûмСӳִܣСÿζ⣬ս棬ȻЩ츳ģɼӦòˣ
ͷѦͷ˵ţʱѾеһߴӴгˡ
ֵλþ˵ȴĵطԶ˵ͲʲôܿԼŻˡ
ԽԽĵӳ֣ɢ޺ԲﷶΧһŷֱ𷢳ټŵӹ
ɶȶ٣
˵ڼ㣿
õʲô
߷Լţӭһϵе⡣
ɶȸߵĵӣȻʮֵĻش𣬶ɶȵ͵ģв֮ɫ
ĺܶ˵ɼã;˳ǵŴб˳
ЩǷ׷׳Ĺۺ̨ϣİʼһгı飬ߵŮΪ˹ĳš
ʱڰߣͻȻе˵£ǵĵӻˣ
Ŷ
۾һȥֻңԶߣӼɶЩһͷǹڣͳһʽı£ĵӡ
ӵĳ֣һ˺ܶ˵ĹעڳУǣ벻עǶС
Ƕ뿴֮ǣɼΡ
վʾĿһߵʦתڵӣЦ
ãܺãǹɹպصţһᱻǵǰ;ܲ
ţ˵䣬ӶһڿˮƺЩ顣
ע⵽һ㣬û⣬ղ˵ֻǳ滰ЩӾɼҲûʲôĵֻǺס
أôûһ
һ仰ʳΧĺܶ߶˶䣬ʦָûͬʱҲֻϸͬĺ׵ɶȡ
ȻһʣӶɫЩѿ
ţôˣüͷһ塣
ʦûô⼸˵ͬʱһãϣҪҵס
ȻƾΧϵߴгȴҲûк׵Ӱӡ
⼸ӵķӦʱðɫ΢Ǹµģʲô£ֱ˵ǣ
ӶһۣһΪѵ˵¡ڵĲûʦˣͨʱ򣬺ʦûг֣ٺһֱûˣԭ룬ҲʦֱĲеĳطܱͳԡ
飬ʵо仰û˵Ǿ˺ܻɺǲ
˵ʲô
һʱסˡ
׾ȻڵڴͲˣҵڶûѵ˵ĳʲô⣡
ôܣ

ʱʦЦҲ治ңʦֶǳʲôôĲʧˣڻûǡ׶༪ô
ʦʱƫƫ˿Σ˵
Ȼʦĳ֣ĵ϶¶Ź֮ɫһͻȻ˵λǰˣǵ̫Ӹʦһʧٵģڳô
ͻʦһʱʮֵľʡ


1740 
˵ʲôʦ۾һɣ⼸ŭĿӵ˵
˵̫ҲʧˣǺʦһģԴ˵Ĳ֮󣬾ûˣǰķӦ̫ӴҲûˡô˵׶༪ˡ
һ˵ţȴʦۣĿһſڿӣ
ȻǿӲѾһǿҵĲԤСĵȻڵжǶԷϲ˵Ϊ̫ױˣʱ򱻴ĻԼ
ĵһ㰮Ųŵı飬Ҳ磬ʱʦ˵ʦˣʦǻˣ
ոʦͬץסһݣæתͷȥֻߣͷǹڵ˷˹
ЩˣߣһǸղ˵ʦ֡
ʦһʱЩ˵Ѱ̫ӵӰȻûҵ
ʦʱһ
̫أ
ûЩͣȽŲʦͷʡ
̫
ʦͷѯʣһʱˣ֪λشˡ
ȥĶˣ
ʦܻѾ˲̫ӵɶˣֻˡ
⡭ĵǸʦ˵عʦ̫ӵ¡¿ڵĲʱͲˣ֪ȥˣҲĲ㵽֮һʮĴ̨ף̨׵ʮһ㣬һֱȥ˵㣬Ҳûм̫ӵ¡
˵ʦ֣Ǹһ㣬һ𣬺ڶԸʱΪ¶ӵİ˵еһ
ʧˡ
ʦ˺һ㶵̫ʦϣЩ͡
̫ӣһˣҲһɫĵӣҲΪԭʦűӭ̫ӣڣȴ֪̫Ѿʧ٣׶༪٣ܵĴȻܴˡ
һʱ䣬ʦҲûȤˡ
ͬҲûжʦ侮ʯνѵˣΪ׵ʧ٣Լŵˡ
ԭڳУǽ㣬ôϷ绯ĲһĻڳߵע⡣
Ƕ֪ڵӡ׺̫Ӷʧˣ׶༪٣
ԭǶⳡܹעǣ֮жĶڣۿĳѾ˺һѾйرյƣڻûгģϣѾԽԽã̲ܶס˽
׺̫Ӷˣ
˼顭츳˵δвСĻɾģ˶䣬Ҳ̫Σ˰ɣ
ȷʵڱ𿴲˻ʵǵɶȶûж٣ܶڵĲͷˣҪһδԵĻǾΣռˡ֮ǰĽЩĴԵڿҽȥĻܲܳδ֪
۷׷׵ʱͻȻһ컵ͷƺһ󺮷紵
һ̧ͷȥֻһĨտĹգһûɽУʧٶ̫죬ɸղǲǴ
ʧǿռƺһ޵ѹƮݳϢþòɢ
ʥ
ԣɽ
һ֮г˾η
ʥһ¼ıţٷ֮ʮɶȣѹ컯ʥӣ°档
һΣ⣬ʥִ¸ˣ
붼£̫Ӻͺ˽ܣ׶༪ˣʥȴݹٴ¸ߣ
һһĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ɶǶ٣
̲סʵǼйӡ
ǵУ˸ʥԿ棬Ͳһûȥɵ㣬봫˵ʧ֮ˣǵɶȣҲɴﵽٷ֮ʮ
Щ˵ʻʦֻشǡٷ֮ʮš
ʱڵ㣬ʥСħɵɱЩҲԶߵĶãǼ˵ĶԻЩ˶ˣǵʱĿʥСħ˺漣Ե֪ʥɶȣҲûо̫ףӦ˵ģ
ڱ˶У
ʲʲôٷ֮ʮţڿЦô
ʻ˴һ˵ǣ֮ǰΪźĵʧٶʧǵʦͰҲǴԭʧȻعһ˼˵ĵӡ
ִǵ𺳣һʱ޷ܡ
ٷ֮ʮšȷ
ġʦһڿˮϵЦЩɬͲһҲ´˵ˣܲź
ôôߣ֪ζʲôô˵бسˣҲǰٷ֮ʮ϶ѣôܡôߣ
ʦ૵ظšôôߡ仰Щûع
ʦεԭҲûôߵģΪɱ˵ܹˣʱ˵ɶȣ˼㣬ԭɶҲûôŵġ
ʦԽ˵Խɬ˵ⷬԼԼ˰̡
ɱ㣿
ʦ˶ǵһȻǲ֪ʲôȴ֪Ǹ棬Ǵʮ궼ɹ׳١
Ȼɱ
ݺݵĳ鶯һ£ʥж壬òǿŮӡ
Ȼ仰ȴ˵ʦ¶Ź֮ɫ
ȻֲԸǲòڵɱģʵǻ
ţ
˶һʦֿ
ʥ˭ɻ֮ɫ
ǡһļһ
˵֣ʦҲȻ̾ʵǼˣڵʱĿ±֣˾㤣
˵ǡʦһ˵Ҫ˵ʦǸСӣ
ڳܶԭû˵֣Ժܶ·˶ԣֻʦȦ˲֪Ҳʱ򣬲ϳ
Ϊʦ̫ʱͶ뵽棬ǵսڣһʦܹΪͬ˾Ѿˣ˵μʲô
ĳ֣úܶһʼʱ̸ò֪ôһ˴ڡ
ȴ֪ɱô£
ѵɱҪ
˲룬ʵϻʤʥ
Ȼܿ죬ʧˣǰ˵ĵҡҡͷ˵ǡɱҪʵʱ״̬µֻɱƾ汾ɱҡɶȸţС
ǵ˵һ£ˣ˵һ֡аٷ֮ʮ
һȫߣѻȸ
ٷ֮ʮ
ס˺޷š


1741 
ɶȳٷ֮ʮѾˣȫ׵顣
룬س˲Űٷְʮ嵽ʮ߶ѣȰٷ֮ʮĲ಻һ㡣
ʮʮǰʮʮм䶼ǵʮɶȣֱ޷ֱӡ
ܣһŪˣ
޷ţǰ˵ʦֻƳһۣ䵭˵ƭʲôº֪ܶþͻᴫˣѣܺñ𴩡˵ˣȫʱɶȳٷ֮ʮˣᱻ·Ȼῴġ
ߵɶȶʲôܣ߿ڿഫһԭ򣬻طƿ̣ɶȸߵˣ統ʥ컯ʥӣǾԴ·
ƷһǿŻСආףʥ컯ʥӵɶ֪˵Ƕǲס
ʦֵĻȫžϵı飬㵳˸ӵķ·Ѿ˵ˡ
ǵȥĳᣬĿϽִµǷ˼ʮڵۣ칦ưڣ
ǳ棬Ǽ£޷
ʱżʮ˵棬ݵĻƸĽľƷķʧܣ¸ţʱͼ͵ĶʮڰʦΪߵֱͣӾ˳͵շѣ뿴㿴
ǣ˲ò塣
ڣʮȥȻгУ漣е漣
Ǻѽ˽ϵһ
һʦһԽʥľ
һ
ôʱ䣿ôྫ
ʱͬһĻɽݡ
Ȼۣ߱˵ˣǻʥ
ԭ۰칦ӭʥֶĵرƳɵʳưһһ칦ĳɱһ鱦
ʥһɽ۾;ٱϲͬʱѯʥɶȣ֪ﵽ׵İٷ֮ʮ֮Ȼ𾪵òˡ
Ȼ֪ʥ˵ãҲû뵽ôף˼ǰ޹˺ߡݣʱ򣬻ʥȴ˵һ䣬ԼɶȲߵģ׵İٷ֮ʮ
ֱ۽þԡ
⻰ǳʥ֮ڣǱ˵һΪſڴƻƣʥΪ࣬ӲЦ
ðģ
ʮϢʱżɬĿڣɲŵĿʥ
ʮţĻҵɶֹֻٷ֮ʮѣܴﵽٷ֮ʮŵɶȣҪлл
ڵУٷ֮ʮŵɶȣʥ˷Ľ·ʮ취κǰʲô·˶ܸ㻯
֮⣬ǲ֮𣬸ʥʵһ󲽣תת
ʥĻ۵ĺ΢΢鶯һ£Ц˵˵ĻȷʵǾˡʥҲԷƱġתûȵת֮ٷ֮ʮҲ¡
˵ţʥȴ΢΢ҡͷܲܳٷ֮ʮ֪ȷٹʮ꣬طɶȾԲֹٷ֮ʮ棬ֹһڳɳȻ˵츳ͨ²ı䣬Ǿ˽ȴڴС
ʥ˵ľ˽ܣֻһĶţˣһжʮһҪشٵʢŻᵮ
ʮľ˽ܡ컯ʥӡʥʥ컯ʥûʲôоǶȴΪ塣
˵ĳ֣컯Ȼһ컯Ƿܹⳡƽ٣ʥȴûлش
ʵϣȴ֪ⳡĺƽ٣ô򵥡
˵ᳬٷ֮ʮôˣǾ͸ˣ˵
ͻȻʥ
ʥĿһۣƽĵôʣǶʲôͼɣ
ȼֽ׶εȫûз֮ġ
ʵ̫ˣΪɱûгӻĻδز˻ʲô뷨
ţ۴ʥζƺά
ô˵ʥ̹Ȼϣһο϶л˴ԵݻԵòɱҲȡģ֪Ը㲻Ҫ
ʥУŵζ
ΪʲôάΪиɱɶ㣿۲ĿʥʵһʼҲû˵һҪϾ־ţºСҲôɱġ
϶ԵǳвĵƣץĳпɲǺ¡
ʶһЩɥĲˣһ£ûκγ޵£ȥԸЩɶȼߵˡ
һԭɡ
ʥ˵һ䣬㲻ٶԣһԭʲôȻ
׷Ҳ׷ʲʲôˣտڲԡ
ʱ޺ĳѾȫرա
ڳڹرյһ̣ͻȻ䣬޷·˷۶ޱ޼ʵ·һ޴֡
Щ֣ÿһǧСʮ޺ܿư磬ϲç
ǼصģСħɡʥ˵ɶȡ
룬ġʮ֮ŶΪۣɵıʼ˿һ۶ȫѪӿ𶯡
·ɵ֮£κˣۣԼΪСĸо
޺ʮˣǰܣῡܶĵ𺳣
֮ǰѾϢѦͷͷ㶵վ޴һʱһ仰˵
ԭΪĳɼˣˡȴǸоһ㡣
漣ע֣·޾˵
޴ķģ޺Ͽ˾ҹɢȥ
Ȼڷɢȥ֮ǰ֣Ѿͨ鱨֯鱨磬·
·Ҳֻ죬ȫ֪ˡ
Ͼԭ˶ͼΪעһ˽ϢȻ÷ɿ죡
һʱ䣬Ҫ֪Ǻηʥ
Щȥ˼ģܹʶõĹϵ
ܴĿģԸ⸶ָĴۡ
ĵرƷϣ鱦Ϊ˫ްµ֮Ůȵȵȵȡ
ȻЩ뷨ȴȫˡ
֮ûǰֹ
ͬСħɣҲһʧˣ·˼һ㡭


1742 ˽
Сħɶˣڴͳĺܶʱڣͻϵһ𣬶ҵĽ£ͨһ뿪޺ʱ޺ϵ˻֪ɶȰٷ֮ʮ漣
뿪ǲվڷ˼ϡڵأӣܻܿһЩ˻ͼıȻ뱻Щ˶ϡ
ѾѾڽڱ㷵򣬵ڴ֮ǰһҪ
£ֻ˳Ϊ֮ǣȴܻòĺôҲΪ·֮ãһš
һºճǡ
ش·ճǣԭλƫԶ⸽ȴһԣ֮أ̾һ塣
Ҳʹãճǳһҵ֮أΪ·鱨֪֯ȻһУճУ֪ķֲÿֲ֪࣬һգֲ֮Уһ۵ĺꡣ
꣬ϱһؽеȣòͨһȦȦĶħЩ
Ⱥ֮Уϴɷ˲ԾҪԶ
ֲ֪ͣĸǰ
λãҪ̽ʲôϢ
ͯ꣬ͷһ֪ô꣬ʶɫɫֱĸеǰĺ겻Ǹ
ˣ
국³⼸֣ͯͫһǰ꣬ƺ䲻ҵȴǴȻȥѯʿ˵ʲôһƣ˵㡣
˵ͷ̤֪ͯĸ¥
㣬һҵУһ¶
¥ϣ㡣
ͯһǰ󹧽¡
˵ҪϢ֪λ߸߸ݣ˫ָһ񰸰ϣɽ
ǰһ̲ͣ˸ˮɳϢһ̲ͣӿš
΢ص˫ۣɨǰĺڷ꣬ƺҪڷ
ǰĺ꣬ɢʮ죬һʵͱ
ϸǰĺڷ꣬ǰܹоǹɶħ׺Ϣ⣬·ʱ޿̶ڸΧ룬Ҫȥһ㣬ʮ֡
߿˺ܾãȴҲվֻˡ
ڷ΢΢˹˵ڰĴʦЩ顣
ʦ
üëһӣһһҪЩʲôʵĽף߲²ǰĺҲƵ
ûжʣֻǱ鱨ķã˫ϻ˼Ĺ켣
һϵϢѸ飬ҫ
ǰնʱһҫַ
ڳǣⲿߡ
ϸǰַĺ壬߻һ𰸡
õĴ𰸺ǰĺ΢΢ͷһȦȦħɢݵڹ⣬κϵĲ
ڷֱϷһһƿնȥ

ڳǣⲿߡ
׽ռɣһɫĳ硣
ڷйУòĸı䣬ЩħûĿʼθߣϵѪӷҲ
ˣ
֮ǰȥ֪ѯ˻λãΪԼ·һ飬Ǿǡɱ
ռ֮Ҫ˽
һг𣬶ܿΪգرȻ˵պܺĿԲ󣬵Ҳžһܡ
ǰȵʱȺϻŷ壬һӡ̵Ľѵʱ㱻ŷ度
˶¶ģԿΣԼԼ˵ĵˣϾɱʱһЩ۵ҲܳΪҧһڵĶߡ
֮⣬Ҫɱһֵԭ
Ͼ취Ѿܹʮʹá뿪·֮ǰҲҪԼơ
Ϊڰʦеľ뢣˷ḻĺڰķ֪ʶڸַҲʮ졣
ںڰļ䣬ɶкǿ
ݼ䣬ҲҪõ
һݼ䣬ٷܶꡣ

ѪһΡĸ߳ںХķɳУ¶᾵ĳǽ·ʱһ㣬Զ
ڳź档
ϴ˿̿һˣֻʳʬվ棬һ}˵ļ
Ǻڳǣ
ƿͷϵĺɫñվڷɳ֮УǰɳеĻǳЩࡣ
ѼϵУڳ·綦ķ֮·а֮ء
ﱩͽС
Щͽ෸۶УڳǸպǸʥءĽ紦ΪܵشҲΪڶ෸ߵá
û뵽ⶦķ֮Ȼ˹ʵ⡣
Ǵ֪õȷеϢҲ뵽ĺڰʦ뢻סĻط
ţ
ͻȻ䣬Ĳ֮ϴϸ΢
ֲȹŤ΢˿̸֪ˣĿһջܵĳ
ǲݳһ˿Ц
֪ģɫñſڻȥ
лһ͸Ÿֲ棬ӿǿ׳󺺣Ȼһˡ
ࣿǸոֳһ˿̰Цݡ
ͻȻ䣬ֻлƮһöķ
ķӡһɱּ
ַʾͣɢ˿˿Ƶӭ籩ǣ˲ϢͬһŽ˿νѪ⵱С

󺰷һУȻֻɲǼ䣬ľӡˣвȫԪ˰㣬һһڿС
һʱ䣬һľ֮ɫ
ӸµĿûܱʽǿ̺ŵɱо㤣ߺ
ңⲿߵģ֪һл𣿡ͷ
˵䣬ͫױɫͬһİԨѰʱһۣ궼·Ҫһͫȥһ㡣
ǡ顷ط۾ӣһͫ׻ɢãȻʶױûԻ
һ̣ɫľȻĿڣԼ֪һкг
ǺڳǻⲿߵˣУ֪˺ܶԼҪϢ
һۣһƬɳУ·Уʧԭء
˫ĿĵڵأɫҰףͫ׻ɢ״׳գľ֮Ѿ˲شӴǷˡ
Ӹղִ󺺵ľ֮Ѿ֪ƽʱ°ӣɱԽֶ֣ӯˣȻһھ˺ܶ顣


1743 ɱ
ڳһǳأǵӴ̾һɹɱ֡ǿһЩڰʦ
ⲿ߾λںڳɽ¡
һĨѪɫɽϣһĹâʱɽµһط
ǵطâ硣
ϸȥͿԷ֡Ĺâȫϸܵķɡ
γһˮķ
ټĻⲿߣȫǴɽ俪ǧɳ
һԻΡļʽƵһƬͻ͵ƻӳ£ۼ
ӴĽȺȴûʲôֻ洫һŮ˵ЦС
ⲿΧ״һʯ˳
Ӱһ̲ͣķҫˮζ۶ѱΡ
ռõˡ顷귨ϵѾǷ켫ֳɾҲĹϡҪĻռ֮ϣж䣬Ѿ㹻ƭһ˵ۡ
ķǰ΢΢۾ǻⲿΡ뽨ȺһۣͫӹһĨɱ
һֻķﻯ켣γһ·
ĲûãƺķУӲĴһȱڡ
Ӱһζš
ⲿߡ
һ̻ԻͣڹâеĹ˰š
ΪΰΡƻֶͨӣ֡
ڰھ磬ｻ֮ڶ
ϯϵģһȺźڰ۷ĺڰʦ
ϯ·磬ڰʦжʦ
ĺڰʦǹƵĽӵţһЩ⣬ࡣ
Ա߻һžḷ̌ϽñɴڸŮǰķӯϸ֫ʱŮȵй¶⡣
ϯžŮζ
ʦǵԽԽˡ˴ʦĸһڰʦžƱЦ
ͷȥպڳǸĺڰʦ¶ҪͶʦˡ˸Ц
Щ˵ķУֻЦ˼ûж˵ʲôЦм⣬ڳĺڰʦı飬ӣǴ֪ڵʵôá
ԭ򣬾·Ľ˴˰ٷ֮ʮ漣˲Ǳˣǻͷ
ζţӵв츳ڲõĽɱͬһֻϣ£ֻоϷ·ѹһɽ
Щ죬ֻҪ֣ǳһζҩ
·ֻҪɳһӶҳͷˣҪһ
кڰʦµ뷨ڵʦѾίһЩ鱨֯е䣬ֻҪҵϢ͸¶ЩͼıһȤġ
ûǶ֣ȻѣЩڰƻǶȻϵܺͻԵ
ڰʦ˵ЦЩ˵Ļ˵㣬˵Сȷʵ˷ͷľ֣ش֮ôߵͲ֪ˣԸЩڰŪǾ͵ſϷͺá
˵䣬۾һԹ֮ɫ
һڽƱеѪɫˮ£ֻҪ뵽ɱӿһɲ̬ս˷ܡ
СŰɣСŮһ˲źá
뵽ߵĺŮǷһ˿ЦͻȻ׵ļһסһվɴòŮŮϺݺץһѡ
Ůɫһף촽ҧȴֻܸŻֺõЦ
ٺ١
Ц˼Ůסתź԰ȥ
ڰУɫĮͬһϢĽ١
һл깴ķ壬ǰʲôƿ
ҲΪ顷֮򣬸һЩ壬ͬ衣

һϱڣƿ
ĵҹһӽǺ԰ããĺڰ

ɴŮֱ׵˴ϣŮ𪻬壬Ŀ¶һ˿ЦĻɫѾԶγʲôȴĿУйԼеѹ֡
ŮϣͻȻ䣬ݵ΢΢һ
ȻΪȥ˲;ϾʵѴĵز֪ѭ˿Ťͷȥ˴ڵķ
Ȼƾһߴĺڷꡣ
һϮڵĳۣȫ·𱻺ڰһȦȦħƲһ̲ͣӿӸ£ĶĿ·ӥڶԼ
㡭ôģͷƤըΪڰʦ⻢ⲿﵽط󷨺壬ԲŸʲô
ɭϵķڷνģֱĸе
֪֮˭Էݶĺڰħ֮УУǲ֪ΪΣϸܵһϤС
˭ҴҪ
ЦţΪڰʦʲôûо
֮ͣȻȴ壬ǰ˵Ϊжǿ
˫йճ·ԭƽĿռ䶸Ȼӿҽը
ΧǽЩɫޱڻ·Ҳ˹ʼͷųĻ
ʱԸоǻ˹ǽϵıڻõȾӨȻɢϵԪϢĻϵرɡ
ǰĻ˲Ϣлһ·߰Ļ·ǽϵĻϵԪȾΪϻĵС
Ȼһ޴ķ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽䶼ķĲϣ˲ԵС
ֻһɲǣȵĻķ˿ͬˮ涼˲ѣֱӱɻΧΧɢħƺͺڰ֮͵գƬ̣ɢ˿
ħɢͬʱҲ¶ݣĸۡûݡ
Ҳʹû
ŶԻͬجΰһʱ䣬ȫ
㣡
ɴһ˫ɿݵ۾𾪵Ŀ㾹Ȼҵĸۡ
ôû뵽ЩڰʦڵѰ鱨ҪϢ͸¶ЩͼıĺڰȻҪ֡
ΪʥڶĪҪɱһ
Ȼỳ츳ǰ벽ʥɱΪ£


1744 뿪·
ΪͻȻ伫Ϊȣմֵħƺʧȥ˻Ѿʼ
ӵһɲǣ𣬱¯ĵ
ԭϵСŮŹ´ȫ˻ۿҪɡ
ΪȻ޷ֿನ
һĻ΢΢üָһһĺХŮϵĻȫպֽŮ˳ȥ
龰˫Ŀ֮һĺ⣬ʱ㻹ҷģȥɣ
һֽ֮ץķӡɱ
ķƷķȫĺڰԣǼʱһƬգ޾Ļ֮С
ǻõƷķû˿ᣬһȫ˳

䶼ķɣµĺɫУǽڡΡȫɷɻңͬɻҶһʧˣʧǷ飬Ƿգǳ׵ʧһϡ
Ǻڰ⾳Ŀ£Ȼսôķȴ൱ǿ
ڰɢȥʱΪƽأеĶӰ
ȻҲ
棬ֻʣ»һˣǰһķ棬ȫĵľ
ȻΪߣֻа벽ʥǻҲҴ⣬ӡУСֶβټõ˰ٷ֮ʮɶȣûòСġ
ô
һ߬ķĿ¶⣬Ϊʲôܹµĺڰ֮д
ͬΪô׾
һ̣ͻȻͫ΢ȻйĪΣУڻǰԶռ䱻˺һʺĳǹ̶ֱ
˳ǹģۻçĺΧɿռ䡣
Ťռ֮У㿪˻Ĺһǹ̳֮˻ܷ
Сӣ
Ťȫÿһëڹһɹɺն𵴵ˮӿŤ
Щת˲֮䣬γһɶߣ׵ħꡣ
׵ÿһƬһеĹͷ
һֻֻħӿȵĻ
Ѫص
һ˲Ϣ䣬Χڷ·ɭȻɭɭ
óһŹᦣ֮зӡħ꣬ʱеħһɱ񺿣
Щħ꣬Ѿʵʻǻۻ֣ʱħצ˺գ޴Ŀռ籩һӿ
˷ļУĿռͨ
깥
ɫ΢Ϊһڰʦ壬ʽ֮УҲ˻弫Ϊó깥
Ȼֹԣֵһᡣ
أ
޺ţǹâɣеĶɱ
źɿռķܸоǹɻƺҪԼ壬ɭ
Щ꣬ǲ
óɵ˵꣬Ժܶ˵ЩجΣǶԣȴͬƷ
ƽ˫ָ֣˿˿ƵǿϢɫϵ˫ּ䣬γһị̄ת
һӡƷ£ԼӰ֡
·һȫƶת
ɫ̱ǣգһɫģƵһת
ħ֣
һʱ䣬ǿħ꣬δ޾еħɣ
أ
갧ħһı飬Ϊա
㡭
˫ĿѪ죬Щħһı飬ĶڵѪЩħ궼ʱ䣬ιһЩ꣬żģȴĽգܲŭ
ļҪջЩ꣬Ȼȴ֣ĺɫ̣ͬһеĺڶһڶΧ֮ڣѡ
ͬı꣬Ҳ˽ȥ

һҺ
ֻо֮ʹǿסͶѪ˿
걻ɣѾˡ
һ죬ǰĹҲ޾ĺɫ籩顣
ǡʲô
֮ɫѪҡҡ׹ֽ
Ͳм˵ʲô˫һħ־ڣ꣬ԣҲǷǳĲƷˡ
ʱƽ֣ڰۣ֮˸
Ϣ֮һ˸ŲԹۻϢĻҺɫ壬ġ
ⶫѾѪĻͻȻȫ·ǿµĶħս
ʲô
УΪĸ֣ħűܵη壬ѹơ
ɡ
ȻκηӦָһҺɫħһ⣬ٿ˻üģ
һɲǣȻһ𣬾ҵĲסԼͷ­ϵȫŤ㡭Ҿ֮зʲô
˵䣬оµʹͬˮһϮ·Ҫ˺ˡ
ɫĮȻŻһУ·һĴץסˣ֮Уʹ࣬һŲϵŤͣƴץԼͷ·뽫ԼԴÿһ㡣
ʱͻȻһתͷһԣֻ۵Ӳֻʵ˹
ô£ʲôˣ
ӣǻкڰʦԭǶڸԵķиŮѰȻܵµǲŴ·Ϳ˻ץ龰
㡭ǡ
⼸ڰʦһȥĳᣬһϳ
һ仰ɫһ䣬ٿѾƷĻǶʱ˼ȵĿ־壬Ҳ룬תӣ
ɣ
һȣ֮еħâʢ
һεĺɫУڻ֮תԽԽ󣬽˶˽ȥͬͼĺڰʦҲȫڰн˽ǲҺţ˻ţȻȴȫ޷ɿµĽɱ֮
ֻƬ֮󣬺ɫʧ»һɫ壬ڡ
һ̣ڵļڰʦǵ궼ħˡ
ħʴ֮£ǵ궼˾ļƬħ֮С
ɱЩ˺ûκͣ廯һ⣬εضֱʣ
ڼɵĹУһֽóһö׾ơ
öƲ֪ʲô죬йдɵġޡ֣ƿһħ
ǿɽ·
֣һ
һ̣һʵͭɫӰԽԽģŹ˰Ĺȫʧ
뿪·ˣʮ·֮ãڽ


1745 
ããǿգޱ߼ʡ
Ƭռĳĳһʱ̣ռͻȻ˴ƬŤռѿһռ籩ѷгһŮˣɿռ籩һ߳˿ռѷ졣
ˣСħɺĽ¡
ʱ꣬ڷ򡪡ƬĹ
ΧΪϤطһֻĸо
ĸпСħȴǿ֮޾գͯĴֻСַߣմ󺰵Ҽɶڻ
֮УԭûнʴСħȴԿռ䷨ÿռ֮Կռ䲨ΪʣȥǧԶ
Сħ뿪Ѿȥ˲ʮ꣬Щʱ䣬нʮжȹġʶйȥʱ䣬ʵǹȥʮꡣ
һô꣬Сħ·ʱ䣬ҪǰȹʱҪһҲѹǷӳ˼ˡ
СħɺӦҵģȴĽ¡
վ֮УżķϢ̲סӯ
ˣԼǲˣڻص
뵱걻ڤ׷ɱĽĿýħлɢ龰һɲǣĶˣȻЩĽһֱҽ㣬ûָؼһ졣
˵ҽ칬
ѾãĽȻ˵ĴطĽ¸еη
ǣȥͽһͼԻԪ칬ٶȣӦòһ£ܵ칬ˡ
Ҫ칬СħƺͻȻʲôоǶʲôҪһ㣬ԭصʱϲѸˣɺ
޾ǿգСħĿ룬ĳ
ɶôˣ
СħԣĽע⵽Сħɵеʵ
ûʲô
СħӦһ䣬·᲻һ
СħɵӣĬȻһﲻ
Ȼ֪Сħʲô
꣬Сħڰ֮ĹУڤӱƵͶ·ıǿӮһ˿Ϣ֮ʱԵԪ칬
ڻԪ칬֮йעһҪһͻƵǣȴڹؼʱ̱ڤӸţҪܴɣ
ʱСħɲһнԼԪ׸ںϣں龫ıŰ֮һٻصͼسɹ
ʱСħʱ򣬾
Ͼ࣬ħʥϣ˭оⳡش٣ʥӮҪܶࡣ
𶼲òʵ
ħʥϣڽȻⲻ£Ҳܱȸϱʥ˺õöࡣ
СħΪħ֮Ů컯ʥ˽һ𣬿˵֮ˡ
Ȼ·Сħʼհң·УȥЩ飬˵ӱܣڣˣȴòпʵ
Ҫ칬СħɣҪħʼ칬
ڴ˵أҪֿδΣСħ޷
һʱ䣬СħɶĬˡ
СħɣΨף·ģʱĽڰ֮ĹУСħ˵һ߻졭
𣿡
ҲҰԼѪԪȸ㣬˵ǣպ£ҵѪҲһ¡
ţдԥһ£ʵһҪȥ𣿡
Сħɻȥ룬Լסħ塣
ΪСħѪ⣬ԪԼֻҪˣʵܿġ
ķԭƫڱأŮӵȽҪټʥ飬Сħɽħ㣬Ȼѹ
뿴ηʶһʣСħһֱħռУƾħʼֶ죬ҲҲ
ȻСħȫ壬СħɵԸ񣬶ǲӦġ
ȻСħ΢΢ҡͷ˵ָ磬Ǿʹ˷ֱɣܣҳ˵һүү
Сħ˵ɫ΢΢԰ף˵үүҲֻǿ˵˵СħıħĴغħ
ĬĬĵͷû˵
ָ硭Եټ
Сħ˵ţͻȻ˽Ļ
ȴǲκͣӰһͬҹľһзˡ
һں磬û˺ڰ֮УƬ̣׿ԼӰʧããռ֮С
Сħʧķ򣬾þò
ԣĽв⣬˺ܾã̲סʵСħɵôˡ
ĬȻ˺һ֮󣬽ǰĽ˵ˡ
Ľ΢΢üû뵽ǣĴ£ԽжĻƹرСħˣֶԼ塣
Ľµ˵ģСħɸһ𣬳ǡ㹻ǿǿܹƾһˣħ߲ľ
ĽµĻЦһ˵ҺγҪǿ̶ֳȣ֪Ҫ£٣ҪܹԿ֮Ҳʸⳡش֮УӮûȨҲܹħľһжǿ̸ѡ
סҡͷҪҪ
Ȼƾ츳ô죬磬ҲڼǧʹﵽҪʱۣ
߰ɣǻ칬
ţá
ĽµͷӦһΪ飬ԭҪϲãҲ嵭һЩϣСħ֮䣬ܹһƹ
Ľ£ԻԪ칬Ϊ齢ٷУᴩա
Ľ·칬ʱСħȴѾһصħʼ칬ħʼ칬ľ룬Ҫܶࡣ
ոջصħʼ칬Χûзɽ칬֮УСħȴһЩı仯仯СħɶȻʲôΣĵ̾һ


1746 ۴
ʱСħǰħʼ칬ããƺ֮䣬칬Χ˲
Щʮɫ֮У˾ǧﳤѤ߲ʺţ֮䣬󷨵֮£滨ݣͬһʱһ뿪ţʤա
Щơ󷨣ǷʵģǴĹãƽʱ£ƫħʼ칬ǶȻ᲼Щ󷨵ġ
һħʼ칬󷨣ôֻһֿˣǾħʼ칬ʢ䡣
ڵʱ䣬Сħһˣ겻Ļ۵Ĵ١
򣬸󶥼˵ٳŹһΣÿһٳΪ¡أΪⲻǸݵҲʵ֡
Сħ΢һ£Լ·ôãȥ˽ʮ꣬Ҫٳˡ
Щ꣬ΪٵĿʼƮҡԭЩϵħʼ칬Ͻܣ˵ͬͬˣԱ
£۴٣ħʼ칬ҲῪŵƽΪء
۴ٵ죬ħʼȻԵ٣Ҳķܡ
СħΪħ֮ŮȻһĴҲǺٵСǡ
£Сħɲ֪Ҫܵٹע
ħʼ칬ҲãҲãܶע
ʱҪԼ֮䷢飬ͻӵѡ
ִ󳡺£ԼʧȥԪ鱻˷֣ôǴħһݺݵĶˣ嶪棬СħɵӵȻ͸ùˡ
ҲСħɿħʼ칬ı仯εԵɡ
СħɼѾڿǣĵĶܹͷٻصħʼ칬ȻʱСħͻȻһĶߣһͳ
ɶڻˣҺǵģ˾ͺã̴ȥӷϴعϢһ֮Ҿͻأһǰݺ۴٣
дżּԲĹдħʼɣ
Сħһħʼ磬ħʼǿޱȵĸ֪ټСħ֮ѪԵϵһʱͲСħɵĵ
Сħȥ·ô꣬ħʼ˵Ǽٵġ
Ȼ֪Сħ˼ǲСħƽħʼʼչҼţڣСħɻع飬İˡ
үү
ȻħʼСħ˵ʲôζֻǿЦЦشүүˣɶͻȥýӷϴʲôˣүүıչؾͺá
ôУ·ħʼ칬ͷȴ£ҲҪѸµģ˵Щ죬ϲˣæˣϢҳأһźˣʱȥ壬ԪӭǣĽӷϴҲһɣ
ħʼЦСħСħȴпɬЩϲ£ԣ㲻þͳΪˡ
ʲôѸµģСħɼ
СħѾڶħʼ칬δĹ·ҪѸ£úҫһġ
Сħɻ̫ģǸԪ
ԪɲһˣԪֵ˼Ԫ֮⣬Ԫƺţ֮ףλ
Сħ˵ԪˣΪλȨأ۵κͳҡ
Ԫרź壬͵ӭħʼģħʼƽƽ٣ҲҪʶԪרŵȺӭӣҲԳħϵ֮У
СħҪŮˣҲǼ򵥵¡
Խ󣬴Խ࣬ҪһһЩˣĺѣ
ֵĻ䵱汻ֵĻ
뵽Сħһסֻȸħʼ̹ףĻᱻ㣬Ӵ˾˸Ŀܡ
Ҳܺù統ʶƣĻ㣬վڷ˼ϣڸ
Ȼһ뵽Ҫʹ˷ֱСħȴһû˾
ħʼ칬ʮɫ󷨣Ѥõĺţи䣬ȴоĵĿռźͿ
ѵͬʱȴϣɱ磬ûʧ
ֻʱ䡭ҪЩʱ䣬ָһЩԪ֮ȡǿ
Сħţħʼ칬
ʱħʼ칬ҲһȺ˷Ϊ׵һ޸ˣżʮŮ
޸ˣħʼ檣רӭСħɡ
С·޳ɹʵ
޸ЦȻСħɵĳȴСħΪҲ֮е飬Сħħʼ칬λܸߣһҪ񣬾Ǻܶ೤ҲҪúֺš
鷳ˣרҡСħѹеĵǣ¶ɰЦݣΪЩΪߵˣȻǳɡ
С̫ˣĻ˵ӦСһʱ򣬾ӭӵģСҲǵģôִ٣ô֪ͨһ£Ҳϸ׼һ£칬æź۴٣Сӷϴֶء
޸Ц˵ţߵŮΪСħϽϼ磬ӭСħħʼ칬ȥ
һ·Уǰӭ洵ĸ߿ǿ磬֪ôģСħɸоЩѣΡ
ַͷöͷЩ̡
С㣬ôˣ
޸˷Сħɵ쳣ʵоСħǲӡ
û¡
СħһЦҲǲ⡣
ָо˷纮һ㣬ȻСħʵߣܷ纮ǾǿЦĻˡ
ѹ̫˰ɡ
Сħһѹ󣬵ԼԪô
СħɸԼһͣҲûȥ
ǴС·Щ̫ۣս̫࣬ĴһЩһиЩƣġ
޸룬ԹԵĸһΪĽˡ
СħֻЦЦͷ˹ȥ
صħʼ칬յϢĹŮӼеӭ黨̵أˮ·
СħʮŮĴӵ£һ·ŷԡ¡
Сħɵİٰƴ֮£Ƶ硣
ԼΪڣص˷֮С
ʵĽд󴲣ȴ˿ûмСħɵ˯⣬ͣĿʼϢתԪ
ҪʱڶۼһЩԪ֮Ҫħʼǿ߿
СħɵԪ֮ٻָһЩǶ˫ޣֻܵһЩӰ졣
ȻڽԪ֮ȸͬʱСħҲǿĴ֮
ԭⴿ֮ܰСħͣСħɶԣмĺôҲ˫޵ڡ
ڣСħȴҪЩ֮ѹһӾ¶ˡ
СħһҲͣĵϢ
Ԫ֮෬ۣһһǿǹɴ֮Ҳķӡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôСħܸоԼ׾ˣֻҪиڲϵţڵϢʱСħͷ˼ΣСħɸое㲻ͬѰˡ


1747 Сħ֮
ôˡ
еСħ˫ۣȴԼϳһ㺹ͷҲϸܵĺ顣
ⲻǴ۵ģ飡
µ麹
ô
СħüԽڹؼʱ̣ôԽôֵ顣
ǰСħɵΪʵȻսǳ֮⣬ͬһСħɺȺ󼰡
ټȸĴ֮İ֮壬СħѪǿʼã˵һĴһĴսҲӦ
ƫƫڣԽԽۣ֮ǰҲļ
ԣҵʲô⣡
뵽֮ǰʱԼͷεĸоСħƶԼ£һο˵ɺϣˣ᲻;ԷǱѰˡ
æ壬Ѫ⡢ࡢ֮ûκ⡣
Ψ磬һЩ
ǡ
Сħɾȵķ֣磬һУڻԪ
һߵ磬һȱ磬Ҳǡ޷족磬ܴڡ©㡱
ڣСħɵͷ·𱻴һ
Ԫ׶ԴԴϵš
ƫƫЩŵԪʵʧˣСħڣҲûӰСħɵΪСħɾ޷Щ
ô
СħЩˣҪʱЦÿһΪǳҪԪ֮ѹƴ֮
һΪ⣬¶ĿԸ
ʲôʲôڽҵѵղµĺ֢
СħԺӹͷȻһδԼԼĻǾͲһСˣ
뵽Сħɶʱʮ־裬ʶСʱ׼Ϯ֮Ĳսһ
Ȼܿ죬Сħɷԭȫͬ
Ϣͣ벻ֱŰϢྶͥģСħ֮иܵһѪĸоƺһС꣬ںԼ
ָо֪ΪΣСħһĪľһ֮飬·е꣬ޱҪָоݣȴ̹ġ
⡭ǡ
СħĴڴϣþúþûܷӦ
ȷϣԼ飬ÿһѪÿһ־磬ڿ϶һ¡
νġСʵһСģ꣬ڻֻ꣬һͣǾ˫ޣУ
״ţĺӣ
ҾȻ˺ӡ
һ̣Сħ޷еĸооԼԺһƬհס
Сħڴ֮ǰûаֻе׼ԭǿ壬оͺѺѣСħɻǰ֮壬ͬһ塣
֮ҪһᾧǧѣܿһӶûк
ôҲû뵽Ȼ뿪·ʱС
ⳡҸʵ̫ͻȻˣԭѾһ޺׼·ÿÿ뵽£ѹһŮӶԣİһȴһ޺ź֪
ĺӣһֱСħ飬ͻȻôʵˡ
ǰҸٵģȴ޾ģ
⺢ӣ̫ʱˡ
ڲ̫Сûıشƣȷδܲһ
ҺƽٽһҪǣսСԣδ̫пˡ
ôᡭ
СħԼСв֪ʲôζ
ϲҸǳǣİ
ҺʵһǣһУҪԼ飬͸ˡ
Ψһֵҵһǣڵӣڲͬ˻̥Ǿۼ̥ʮ·䣬Ļһ۾Ϳˡ
Сħ⣬ҲѪ֮Ѫ֮ѪѪ֮ѪӾ
Сħɣ츳죬ʥ̥ĺӣֻһľѪķǷǳḶ́ʮ꣬ϰ궼Ϊ棬ڼ䣬Ѿͨĸ磬ͨԪˡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
Сħ˵ţҧϢۼԪ֮Ѿһֻһһˡ
ȻãСħҲҪһ
ܸħʼ̹Լ顣
ԭûУСħɸħʼ̹׺ֻǱ㣬ϾУһħʼ֪Ļӵ³
ʲô⣬ǶСħ˵̵飬ҪĽ
һ뵽СħɲסؿڣоԺ
ϣдʥˣԼе鱻𴩡
СħɲȥˣָĲš
ķ飬ħҪѡʥˣôӣΪħĳ裬Ȼڳǰͱɱ
һεεĺˮСħɵָ⻬䡣
£ķǳ¡
о䣬֫
ʱͻȻĸܵǸСһĺĪģСħһů·ҲɲǼ䣬һ
֮ϣʶƣ±˳Ц̣ǧָӭħʼıŭСħɶںˡ
ǣҪĺӣүү飬ôΨƣ
СħֽǵʱҲ칬
翵칬ʮǰûзκα仯Ľ¿Ƭ¥ƽ˵Ľ㣬֮У


1748 ݼ
ˣĽʱ޿̲ڵŽ㡣
ְ취ȥѰңǧǧҪһˣȴ붼ѡ
ټڤڣĽ»Ҫݣ͸ʹѰҺ޽ˡ
㾹Ȼ칬ڵʵ֪˺ֵز
ĽԵΪˣҲҽʶ
ʱ򣬼ŮӴ칬з˳ӭĽ¡
ֹӣʦ롣
Ϊ׵İŮӣǽΪ
칬ӽˣǧڵӡ˵򳬼ԣֱ΢
칬ĵӣ֮Ůе֮Ůĵӣ֮Ҳǰ벽
Ľ¸⼸칬ĵǷ칬칬ĴţͿһŮӼе˹ǸոյõϢ̱ӱչ֮иӭˡ
Ůӵһ˲䣬ĽµĽŲסˣ
Ҫ²⣬Ҫɻ˲Ϳ϶ˣǰʵδŮӣĽĽܷѩ
ΪѪɱԭ֮УĽܷѩ˯ŮںΨһѾǰӴྶͥ
ҲΪѪԵĹϵӦĽȴһϳĽܷѩ
ĽܷѩʱҲĽ¡
Ȼһ𣬵ɴһ˫˼ĿĽ£ȫĴסˡ
ڴ֮ǰĽܷѩܶع龰ͻƾ磬ʵҲܵشˡ
Ψû뵽ʱ߸һŮӣŮӷĽ¡
㡭ҡ¶
Ŀ֮·Ľ³˲֪ѹ˶ᡣ
ĽܷѩɲǣЩȫĽ½סֱӱסԼĽ㣬Ȫӿ
ʱ˿̣Ѿԣýıһǵķ·Ѿ˴ڡ
龰Ҳ¶˼΢Ц
ΪֹĽܷѩһУѾһԲľˣʣµģֻؽܷʥء
ڵĽܷѩ˵ʲô£ֻʱѡ
ĵ˿ŮӼȥ
ãﻥԳš
ȣŮƿ˻ȾͷһţһŴ򿪵˲䣬龰ȴ𾪡
ź棬һޱȹ磬ɽƯƺ֮ϣдУֲأȪɽϴ䣬ƥһ䡣
ڶɽ֮УһƬյƽԭƬƽԭһɽϰأ¶ƽء
ƽԭ֮ϣһݣ£
֮ϣһʮİŮǰɻ¶
Щ¶ΪŨԪֲۣ߶ԣͬʯһ㣬Ȫˮǿڷмĺô
ݼǰ
һ񣬶ǰ䣬ʼձžη֮ġ
οһۣ΢΢һЦ˵ʮʮ죬ǻˡ
ƽ˵·׼ȷʱ䣬΢΢һȻ˵ãһ˵Ҳ֤ţһֱڹҼԼ
벽ʥܺã
οΪоϲΪ󳬳ԭ
·ʱ򣬽ڣ൱һĴ󾳽硣Ŀľ֮Ϳ֪ʵսȻǱѰ
·һؾʱʮһǣȻܸıʱ٣ȴûиıع򣬿˲ʮ꣬ʵʱѾʮˣټԵŴﵽ벽ʥ硣
Ŷĵط΢΢һһռ䣬ıʱ٣ɱҪŤû뵽·ء
ʮ굽벽ʥҲ㹻ˣ·ջ컯ʥӵİԼսʣʮʱ䣬ҪǱ֮һ¡
ԭԼս컯ʥӣûһ˿ãʥ峰Цǰ׳գ𣬶о̫ˣ
𣬶ԴҲ磬ʱڣ컯ʥȴѾҪͻʥˡ
еĲ֪࣬
ڣҲֻ׷ʮǰ컯ʥӵľѣȻ컯ʥʮڣн
ʶŻ˵ⷬδʮץʱǱޡ
Ļ΢΢Ĭû˵ʲô
ֵ֪컯ʥЩҲȡ˳ˣк顣
ߵĺô
Ȼӵкںħ޵;ԪϵħȴȻ˵ħĺô󣬵վֱΪ
컯ʥӣȴֱú壡
һ㣬͸޾ƣɣ컯ʥȥһɶҲֹٷ֮ʮһˡ
ȷһǿĶ֡
컯ʥǿҲʮġ
·ʵΪֻռ˺Сһ֡
ʵ˭Ҳ˵֮ѪԵʵΪʵԶֹ벽ʥˡ
ڵѾȫʮ˻Ԫ֮⣬ûʶ
ˣٹ£ٳķҲյû飬͸һȥɡһģֻħ塭
嵭ֻ˵һ飬ȴεĻζ
Ĳֻħ壬ôʣĵʥˣ
۴٣ȴʥ壬̺˼ѾԶ׼
Ĵ벻ܡ
ʥ壬޹أϾʥߣ룬ġ
ȴƫƫߣҲζţʥĹϵ㲻˵γˣڱϣѾǳˣ
ǲ⣬磬Ϊʥһʾ
˻ᣬʥҫǵʵҫħγɵͬˣϵĴ
ԭʥͱǿܶ࣬ټħĵ꣬ⳡٿ»û٣Լɥʧˡ
£֪Ǻ磬ҲҪȥҪǿݣӭʥʾ
棬ΪһĵһܣȻɻȱˣ
ȻҪҪһȥ֪ԼԴ¾ƴǣơ
塭Сħĸ׵ңҵҲ뿴Ǻֹ⾰ţӦû飬ͬǰһǰ
ţãĵ˵ͷһ㣬۴٣컯ʥӣ⣬컯ʥӼ棬㣬ĪͻĪҪˣǵԼսʮ꣬гʱ׼Ҫ˵컯ʥϸոشͻƣƺˡ컯񹦡أ


1749 ǰ
Ŷ컯񹦡أ
һȻ컯ʥӵģǶԵˣ˽Ǹá
⡶컯񹦡컯ʥĶƷҪ䣬Ҳ񹦷ҵġ䡷಻
׹ѧޣв컯ʥӣȴ컯񹦡أҲ²к˲Сá
˵ţ̾һкڣ컯ʥս绢ټԭ츳һҪԽ̫ˣ˵ͲƽҲֻ֮һȣƫƫ컯ʥС̫ࡣ
ʮ컯ʥӵԼսҪСģ⡶컯񹦡ɵ컯֮󡣡ϸĵĶͷ
ǣ֪ˡ

ʱţµʱת˲š
۴٣ٹҪʼˡ
ʱ޾ǿգһīľ齢ڻС
齢ǧɳռ֮Уͬһͷʷǰһ㡣
齢ڲһûʵĴ֮УСħһʢװվϴ֮ǰĬ
һΣҪ壬Ϊۺ٣
ɶʲô
СħһͳȻȴСħһָͣ΢΢һ¡
һѹеļ¶ת¶ĵЦݣүү
Сħɵվһߴӣһ߳һͷޱȣü絶罣
źصĳ磬βڵϣϵĸо
ˣȻħʼеĶڣʵħʼ֮ϵˣһ֮
ħʼСħɵȻĻţ
֮ǰҲħʼټ˼ΣСħ㾡ǿ˹ȥ
⵽ΪСħԪָ֮һЩټ磬仯
ԭСħɣϢ֮𶼻ǿܶ࣬ħʼһۿΪСħϢûǿ󣬷˺ܶࡣ
ʶħʼڣ֪СħѾˣ֣ΪʲôСħȥһ·֮ȻΪ˺ܶ࣬Ǹȴϡƽˡ
ħʼΪˣСħһҪΪΪķϸ
ɶôϢЩң
ħʼ֪ʮľãСħɴʱΧԪЩ
û°үү·̫ãطͬѾӦͻȻ򷴶ϰˣԪʱ򣬻ЩңЩӾͺˡ
Сħ˼άݣ˸ѡ
š·ķȷʵͬԪҲв𡣡ħʼͷǽСħɵĽ͡
ħʼȻСħЩ쳣ȴ˿ûСħɻⷽ룬Ӧ˵ζ벻飬ħʼСħɵӡСŮĸ˵ô׵飬Ǹӣǧѵ顣
뵽ħʼ΢΢üʥ巽һ㣬ҪСħɵ
СħһҲϲ컯ʥӣôȥ
ɶ컯ʥӣô
ħʼͻȻʳһСħͷһȻ֪ħʼ⻰Ǳ˼ϵҡͷ˵ô
ֱӱСħһ仰ħʼõĻȴû˵ˣΣֵðɣϢһٹһʱ䣬ǾҪˣ۴ٵĳϺҪ岻ʣҿ԰㿴
ллүүˡСħɼæܾҪǱħʼ̽Ļǽ֪鷢һˣСħɵΪס
šðɡ
ħʼͷתȥ
Сħɳһתͷϴо΢ʪ
ʱϴ֮⣬齢ѾһƬ½ϣƬ½渲˴ƬƬԭʼɭ֣ԭʼɭеľʮ˺ϱɸߡ
ôɭ֣ҲΪֲأ
ģСħɿɭֵһĳǳأһ޴ĺͬһǳ֮䣬۵סˡ
һʱ󣬺ɫ齢ʻ޴Уԭɫ齢ＸǧɣǰȴͬΧĲӬ΢ˡ
齢ȣħʼСħӵ֮ͬ£ķ齢齢֮£ѾǧжӵȺˡ
Ϊ׵һɫõŮӣԪ
ԪɲǣСħ磬һϢı飬ȴƽǡô΢Ц
СħɣԪ
Сħɵִ
ţ
Ԫǻ֮УһصġšڣԭħʼʮֵĹǶСħɣķӦʧ
Сħ΢΢һ֪Ԫʲô˼
СħӿһĸоܾԪԼʮֲƣһ˫۾Ҳ·һ㣬СħԼƺ˵ĸо
ôˣ
Сħв⣬ͬʱҲСԼϵϢһֲԤС

Сħħʼϵħʼ칬ʱһ齢ɽ磬齢󣬵ͨ徧Ө͸·ˮɡ
齢棬һصķţġΡ֡
齢Ȼǳ칬ˡ
ڼҲͬһħʼ硣
磬Ӧܿɶ֪ħʼ칬ôˡ
Сħɿ϶Ҫμ磬ЩСħɵľ
컯ʥӡˡ
ʱһϴȥֻ֮⣬֮䣬һ޴ıݡ
ݣͨɫݱ沼̣ʮ
컯ʥӵݣ
ͫ΢΢һͷ


1750 Ⱥ۲
ϵ壬ƾʱ䣬Ȼ岢ǿ󣬱ԣ൱С岢ʮ棬һڡ
ݴһӰǰ̫ʱʹţһֱĹ塣
ǰ塢ʥ塢壬ؼף˵ֻǵʱһС塣
ʱݺصģ̫塣
Щ̫Ͷ䣬ء
ڵʱǸ̫ĸۣһ۰һ
Ȼʱţ̫ʱӿֳ̫˽ܴܣҲεսÿ̾Ϣǽʱʮ춼սϡ
ûʲôܹµš
ģ̫嶼ûˣвģٻ
˼ʮǰʮͳ塢塢ʥ¡
Ȼֹ£֮УҲ˥ˣʮǰĴ٣˲صĴ
ҲΨڷĴ֮£˲ʤһֱֵ֧ڡ
ȻʥУ岻ǹӲдˡ
ֻʱ⣡
ʱھ޴ɫ֮Уһĸߴİ꣬пһݻϣжһյƱεš
Ʊ֮УʺҺһһģѪɫ
ڰ£һɴòŮڵϣһһµΪ괷ȣ־Ȼַá
ߴİ꣬컯ʥӡ
塭
컯ʥ¶ζЦݣеĺһʺҺǣЩ
ǹӲдʮ꣬Ҳýˣħ壬Ƿңһ֮أ壬ǵ³Ҳһ
컯ʥ˵ֻһеƱױ顣
컯ʥӳ绩һ´űߵŮæڵϡ
컯ʥӴ򴰱ߣʱϴ֮⣬齢
Щ齢ĸܡ
齢֮䣬޴ţںΧԡӵвѪͳڿз衣
Щޣ壬޲Ҫ̫࣡
ޣҲС
ЩޣѾ޳ɻεľ磬ЩѪƷʲѵģв𣬶ЩѪޣʵǵλˡ
𣬵˲٣Ƕ뻹ڴ֮ȡħְ֧ɡ컯ʥ°ͣǷһ˿ЦҲãһ۴٣ҾЩ˳ģҪħֳԵ̬ȣ׻ЩϼһǵĻ룡
ʱ򣬴Ĵűƿһĵ𣬡ǺǣʥӵҪ£׾٣
컯ʥһɫµŮЦ߽ӡ
ǸͷӣˣħʼҲûʲôֻе㵣ԼŮˡʥӵµֶΣ㶨һвСǻ׾ٵ飿
Ů˵ţֵİ컯ʥһۣƺ컯ʥҪһŮ˴ʮ㡣
컯ʥӹЦСħɻмԸģûô׵֣ԸŮˣ˼
컯ʥ˵ţһס˲Ůһ֫˺ϡ

٣Ⱥۣ
ħʼںʱ޺𣬺ڰħȵһϵĴ
ôҲ޷һһӭӣֻһ棬ֱš
ħʼҪˣȴԽӴ
ʱ֮УԪѾħʼСħɻħʼ칬һӣ˺ڴ֮Уһɳİӣϰ˸۸߰ʳЩʳ˳һڶܻ꣬߳ˣҲǿ壬磬ôࡣ
ħʼ֣þò
۸ħʼ֮䣬ϵУħʼһţ۾ʹǵ
ʮѣҽչضʮͳרΪֵġħʼЦŸͣ˾λϲ¡
СħɡԪ
ϯ䣬ħʼʹ֮עɱתƵСħϣ
Сħɣħʼ칬֮Ůħ壬ʮʱ䣬ûһһܹСħɱȼ硣
ͬʱħ嶼ĪĹϵȻħ˵ĹؼСħɵĳɳ۵Ȼע
Сħɴ·Ҫúѯһ
ɶ·кջ˵ΪЩ찡
СħɵٶȣһֱһʮͻڣʱԴĪ
Сħɴﵽڣֻһ˿̤벽ʥ
ΪȻߣֵֻǣ˶ľ쵽СħɵϢеǿ˵еС
۴ˣľ飬ʵ͵˵Сħɵսôǿ
һ˵ͬսԱٶȸҪ
ΪԽսδǱ޴
ΪߣǸͬʵ޼֤һ磬޲ˡ
ڿСħɵеںߡ
΢΢ǣЩţʱǱˣģͻǱþ
ɲһϢ
ѯʣСħȫĶˣ
ȫѹڴ֮άϵԪ֮ڳûзʲôͬʱСħҲѹеļ¶þƽӦ۱̧̫ɶˣɶ޶ۣ·Щ£Ҳûʲôֻйоصõ˼ɲݣٶ˲٣Ҫ˵ʵĻû̫ģͽͽ£иʵڲ
СħԼ·ľҪΪУԭʵټҪѹڴܹ֮õֱٵÿ
ܴʵСħɶòС
£Сħ˵ԼȺǸͲˡ
ô࣬ΪʲôԼô
ֻ˵Լ·ķ˹
СħⷬħʼЩεŲŲӣô˵СħɶŮħʼ칬ĹϵߣСħֻһϵϵԶһЩ
Сħ·ֲѣûǱ˷츳Ȼ޹⡣
ɶ̫ǫˣΪ˲ˣ˭ʱΪɶȼ磿˵ֻǵõ˼ɲݣӦҩİɣս棬ɶҲӦ濹һʥ۷߰ɣ
۰еͭյ˵ⷬ˵ڣӽ벽ʥʱֻܿԽһ󾳽磬濹һʥ۷ߣѾǾš
ǻСħֲԳ֮ĳɾͣʲôӦ˵൱ˡ
ۿСħӦǿĽǰı֡


1751 ڵ
۵ѯʣСħз࣬ڵ֮ʥ۷嶼δضԸˣ
˵ԼĲӦʥ۷壬ԼүүССħɾЩ˲ʲôҪԼǲǳʲô⣬һжˡ
ʱһɫȴΪ̱𣺡ҿ۱̫ǿɶˣĪ˵ʥ۷壬ʥڣɶӦҲǺѰɣɶȥ·ȥˣֻΪɶǱþĻ㲻ȥ·Ҳǲʲôı䡭
һ˵һʱ䣬ĳ涼Ϊ֮һ
Ƿ׷Դ˵Ԫ
ʱԪոճԹһöƯ黨һ˿˿ԼӣСڡ
ĶСڲһµĻ棬ԭʮ㣬ǽղŵĻȴԭЩεħʼɫ΢΢
СħǱþҲǱ˵ĵģ
Ԫʲô˼
ħʼ䣬ǿƣСħҲʮ۰ôԼŮֳ裡Ԫ˵ɶûʲô˲𣬺ãʣڵľͷһ壬ˣͬ£еùɶеĻһս
ħʼʮ㣬һ˵Сħһû뵽ݱӣĴʮ⡣
ԪԼôˣݵλŮˣӦִ󳡺£Լ
Ҳʱ΢΢üĵԪô˵ģţĳһ׶ԵҲʲôֻҪδܼԻͼɣɶνĵԣҲҪԶͬţֻǶɶ̫ˣ
۵ĻΪСħɺħʼһ档
Ԫȴ飬ǳԴҩһÿ仰ҩζʮ㡣
һЦ˵۱ĪҪҲһ˵ȷʵвԹһԻͣҲвžʹ˳䣬ǱþȻˡħʼ˵ûɶȼ磬ȷʵˣԭУҲһŵģɶһȥ·ҲûлڵҲˡ
Ԫ㣬ĻȴСħһ֪ͣԪΪʲôԼˡ
ԭʱԼһȥ·šǳԪ塣
ûǾͷһġ
Сħзࡣ
ʱʱ򣬶ϣΪܴ᪵׷ɱһǺ±ۣϣܴɱΪԼ󲿶ӰԼСħɸ󲿶뿪
ʱСħȴִĸһöһ롣
ٺСħɸȣûжϢˡˡ
ԪĻ·ֱӾˣ
СħУȻ޹ؽҪǶ˵ȷʵһţԪڵľͷһ壬Ԫֱϵ
ͷһеһΪڣȴ·Ԫܲķŭ
Ԫһɫ΢ԪǽɶͷˣǺ֮ףô·ԭ֮·ֻܹ˲㣬ɶʲôϵĪΪɶģ
ǺǺǺǣʲôϵѵ֪Сħǻһ·˳ħСħɺϸ֣ܾˣʱ򣬰˼͸۷Ļʲô¶ûС
Сħʲôϱչ˵ʱԼ͵ˣ£׷Ѱò׷ȴǲȰ棬۷İΣ׷³
СħɵƽƽĻˣҪȡ˾˳ɾͣʲôҲ˵·ļʮʲôǿôΪǸˣȴһͿ
ԪԽ˵ԽĿ⣬ͬһ㿴Сħɡ
Сħɫ԰ףԪ鲻Ǹӡûöң
Сħȷʵһȥ·ǵ˳ǲΪСħܴСħɼڣõϡн졣
СħȷʵҰԸⷵ򣬵ǶһֱȴҲǵİΣǱͼ
ҪСħɸ㵽֣СħѾʤ䷳ȴ˦
ȻЩ飬ԪǾȥģ
ǺǺǣǶˣûԼİΣҪһһι˹
ԪԽ˵ԽħʼͻȻһһߣµĲɢϵʳһ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ܶȻ
ħʼƵĿԪĺҲ֪µľΣҲȥģɶĽֻͣһ䣬ô
ħʼΪȼˣһŭϯ˵Ŀ񱩴󺣣߶µѹ֮£оЩ
Ԫ׵壬ǰ벽ҲԳܡ
⻹ħʼѹϢȫϢԪˡ
ԪҲһܹھѪȵĺУ֮׵λãԸҲǿ֮ħʼѹҲûҪСħɣһƣһὫһƵѹʥ۷壬²˵СħɿԿʥ۷ôؽһƣҲʲôˣһ֮Ҳ׷£֮СħɲܳɾΣλΣ䣬޹أ
Ԫ˵ĺĻѣʵǳ滰ΪкܳԪȻܶ࣬ΪۣҲͻ𣬿϶ǻ۵ģ˵Сħδִ壬ִΣʱˣСħɡ
ʥ۷һƣħʼһЦСħɣ˵ɶһƣ
ħʼĿΥ棡
ΪСħδزܽԪѹΪһơ
һ˵СħʵѪҲֻǶ棬ȻڶʲôˣСħɵʣָܻܿ
үүҡ
Сħз࣬ԭ۷״̬˵ѹʥ۷һƣǴһƣСħƴȫҲܵ
ƫƫڵû취̫
ţ
СħЩųħʼɫȻǿƣԼ˵Ļûܷοȳ棬ôƣ


1752 綾
ʥ۷һ㲻ӣ
ħʼһ˫ĿƵСħɣ۾ף̺ܵŭ
ӡеСħɣ첻µز£Ըʱħʼ𣬹ʶħʼСħɷǳ۰ΪСħɲ츳һҲΪСħɵԸħʼǳϿɡ
ǽ죬ħʼôû뵽ԪŵƣСħɾȻҪţ
ħʼо档
Сħ·ûȡóɼ˻Ǳ㣬СħҵģȻڣԪһƣȴˡ
Ϊ򶥼ţڶʱʥ۷һƶҽӣħʼӿһŭŭ䲻
ǺǺǣСħɣǲҽһƣǸͬʱΪТһ꣬½ҹҲ׷
Ԫ仰ħʼѾڱߵıԵСħɣеŭ𣬷·Ļɽ
Сħɫ԰ף΢΢鶯һ˵áҽӣ
Ǿħʼŭ𣬶ԲΪТ
νТһ꣬һ֮ڣֹͣơµֽʣʾСħɶԸʲôԼչһʱ͹ˡ
ТֻŮΪĸТΪɷТСħΪТǳǰߵԭֻǺߣǶСħǾԲܵ顣
ԪͻȻô˵Ҳ΢΢üоԪʵЩˡ
ħʼһλϡ
֮УԪſһռ䣬ⷽռ֮ڣֻԪСħɡ
СħɣԪǷһ˿ԹЦ
㺦ȴֻһƣˡ
Ԫ˵ţϸ۵ֻ֣žžָƬָⳤ˷ָס
һʱ䣬ԪߣԪӿĻ۶СħһԲĬĬĳԪѹ
ʱԪѾѹƵʥ۷壬˵ʥ۷壬ԪͲⷽʲôСħʼȾͲӦ
ڳϢʱ֮ԪͻȻˣԪֵһɲǣı󣬸ֳһ޴ĺɫӰ
ɫӰȻһͷߡ
ԪԼھͷѪ
һɹŨĶĺڰԪڱ
Щ߶ȶѾ˼ߵľ磬ԶԶʥĽޡ
ԪΪѹʥ۷ǲ٣û޶档
ʥ۷ΪþͷѪ޾ķһѾͨ
Ǿ綾֮Ϊֲ
֮⾳⾳֮һΪƫŵ⾳öֻһЩжֲ߶涾Ķҩ˸ߵȼߣöǸжĵرֻߴӾ綾ȡĶҺ䶾ȻǷܱȵġ
ǰһԪ磬֮⾳֮ʱǶѾһʣһԪһóʱΧԪתɾǿҸʴԵľ綾֮𼶵ö֣һ磬תɶ磬һжʴɳ׵׵أ
СħɵսУԪó˾綾򣬺ڶСħ֮󣬽ڣ˺Ƿǳ
ɶεһ
ԪЦɣڵСħɣϡƽʵһͿҪĵһΣһѾȫʵļޡ
Сħһʵ֮ǰѾϵԼʹ޵ԪԲô׷ŹҲû뵽ԪȻ˾綾СħԼȻ¾綾е̥ȴ̥ܲСħɾԲ˼һ㣡
ʱ˿̣СħΪ⣬ҪԼһܵͬʱҪһܡ
ҧһ޼ĺ״˷ӿСħɹ
ͬʱСħɱҲֳʵʻĺڷӰֻڷÿһëÿһޱ
ڷֵһɲǣЩ޼ҿֲ֮ƺ̺һɻĹʱصĴ֮ƣ֮УȡԲϵ֡
ֱСħȥѾ֮У֮
ع׾ڳ˵֪ϯΧ𣬿ףȻһ𣬵ɴ۾
桭ôܣ
ԭ˶ϣӿֵɲǣȫֱ塣
ԭܴķСħɶǲһʵĲУ˭뵽ԪһɲǣȫĻϢȻﵽ˿ֲĸ߶ȣ
⵽ǡ
ħʼ˫ĿƣСħͷųĻ棬ʵǿ󣬵⾳ȴ൱ߣѾϵ⾳ء
򾳽߻һ£ֻҪ츳ߣټµĻۣκһϵܴﵽϵ⾳صľ硣
ħʼе˼ǣɻƷʣﵽһ˼ĵز
棬ƷʵģͼĵȻǷһߣСħɵ֮ףѾڶĻ档
ڣСħʩչĻ棬ƺ֮׵ĻϣһһĪ뵽֮У˻㾦ã
ԭħʼҲΪСħ·лķ˹ڵȴƺô򵥣
Ҳܵ
򶨵ħʼڹϵŮδĳɳʱҲ񼤶һľ
ƷʸΣĲУ
ԪһӡɱѹΪ֮⣬棬Ѿ㾡ȫ
ͣ
µĺڰ;綾ռ䣬Һʴˣ
Сħȫ綾֮ΧֻҪЩ£ǾƷᱻʴһߣͷûʣˣ
ǶڴСħ̺취֮վ綾֮ʱȴ벻һĻ
Сħûб֮ףȴ֮׻ס壬ӲĳԪһ
ţ
ħʼüͷսʽǱΪʲô
Сħʵûʲôʤ㣬ܻˣҲƣ۸
ͣ
Ƶ֮׽󲿷ֵĶճ˷ɻң
֮ƷʼߣȻСħɵõޣһͬʱӵѪҲ̳֮Ѫ̥̫ҪֳĴ֮άϵԪ֮
£СħôܳԪ԰벽ķ򣬷ľ綾
ɫ֮ױ޾ĶһɲǣСħȫĻԪʴ
ͣ
ԪĶڸʴСħɵĻԪ֮СħɵľѪ֮УʼʴСħɵѪҺ
һɹɺѪҺ֮
裬Ҳ綾֮մȾͬҺһʹ
ȻСħȴҧأܹõĵļ磬סǸС顭


1753 ˭
СħȫʴʴѪҺľʹݣָоͬѪҺŨᣬ͹ըһ
սȭͷһʹĳʣԪס磬һܱ˷ֻ֣ĵĽУ򣬾ͻԼе鱩¶
һںѪСħ
һںѪСħһɫ΢䡣
̥ѪѪҺѾʴ˺ѪôƾöҲ޷Ѫ̥ˣ
̥ʼķ׶ΣСħɾԲ鷢
Χӿľ綾֮Ӳת֮ÿµѪ֮УѪеľ綾֮
һʱ䣬Сħɵڳһս綾֮֮ڼҵսСħѹ֪
ǰ֮壬ѹ֮ҲȫѪܱ飬Ѫ䡣
ԪһĻǷһ˿ЦĸоСħɿŲסˡ
ټһѾʱһŭըһԪ
ҹ
һ죬Ԫֻоһɿͬ鳱һӿڣȫֱӱֱɨ˳ȥ

Ԫײ˳ȫմʳˣǱ֮
һĻһҪ֣Ȼվ
ص³һᷢչһû뵽ġ
ԪһѲг壬ħʼҧ
ǿħʼ˵ǲܵġ
ħıҰܶ౶
֮ôħ壬ͬԭʼдҰͲԭ䡣ͻȻʲôϡ飬ħʼĶԪ֣Ҳпܣ
һѾˣ
ħʼ˿˿ɱԪҧһѲվתһʳȫúڰɣתۼﶼѾ¡
Сħʱɫ԰ףԪĶڲࡣ
ħʼСħһۣͻȻСħȥ
үү
СħסԪµĶСħ˵ʲôˣһͿû£Ϊ̥ȴüΪӡ
ħʼ֣Ȼһ˲ڵĲжеܣٷְٻᱻħʼ֪
ۿħʼѾߵǰһɴСħʶһһѾᵽɤۣȴ޷ξܾħʼ
ʱħʼĴѾСħץ
ɶʲôң
ħʼűŭ֮;ЩԣֻûĻСħɣֱղţСħʩչ֮ԼһϵСħƽʱ粻ѾȷϣСħʲô
·㵽׷ʲô飿
ħʼ˵䣬һץסСħɵ
Сħһһɲֻо޷鵽ֵزѾסˣ
ôͬһľżһ㣬ħʼֱץסˡ
ħʼӿѪҺеһɲǣСħɸоһз·𶼻еϢƺѾԶȥ
ͣ
ħʼģһڰУֻһ˲䣬СħеĶأڰɡ
ħʼġħ
رСħڵʹȫʧˣĵļ尾֮ǰʹȴȫʲôˡ
ʱһϢһϢţÿһϢСħɶԶͬһǰ
ȥħʼȥ
ħʼȫȥһֻץСħɵĸ첲һԲõĳĬ
ˮСħɵıͶͷ£оԼѾˡ
ħʼ֡
ʱۿˡ
֮ǰСħɵҲһֱɣܸоСħڵԪ֮ûôԲƽȣƺҲӡ
ǿǵСħ·ûй̸ԭҲû̫ȥ⣬ֱڣղŵսԼħʼı顣
Ѿʶʲô
ȥ
һ֣ڳ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչ̶ֳȣԪСħɴֵʱЩһҿˡ
СħɻԪλǿ̫ࡣ
Ҳȥ
ۿԪ
ԪҧҧĬĬ˳ȥ
֮ǰĿСħһۣģҲµ˿ܷʲô飬ϾԪΪѾǰ벽ĵλڻʺͼޡ
ϸĹ۲СħɣҲɵ㡣
һʱ䣬ֻʣħʼۺСħˡ
ң˭
ڳĬ֮ħʼͻȻˣʱͬһͷŭʨӡ
Сħһ̧ͷħʼ
ħʼ۾ɺѪ·Ҫɵһ㣡
Сħɽҧ촽һﲻ
ãôҲգھ㸹е֣֣Ҳħĳ裡
ħʼ˵ţ֣֮һƵĺɫУħʼġħֻҪɫдСħСʲôӤĲлꡢѪ⻹ᱻֱɵһʣ
ۿħʼ߸߾֣Сħȴ۾ȻүүҪֵĻͰһɱ˰ɣǱҵĺӣҲٹ䣡
Сħɵ֮Уһ־Ȼ
һͣСħɵԸ񣬾˵ħʼһȥСħɿ»ἴɱ
ħʼ֣侲£
ۼæȰ裬оĳħʼһŭˣ
֮ǰСħɣħʼһֱٰǨͣСħɴ˻ħʼҲƺ󣬵һΣȴħʼĵߣ
۾£ŭ֮µħʼʲôص顣
СħɾͲ˵ˣʲôʧħ޴ʧ
СħɸеӤҲҪӳ飬Ҫ֪޻̥ΪףСħɸˡһӤÿһӤ󶼱Ȼ˽ܣóȻɱ̫ϧˣ
вң
ħʼǷһ˿ĻȣûвңҲУŲţһְ취ɱɣ
ħʼ壬СħȴҲ˰ǣҧһַԽɱɣ㲻һӽңֻҪſƣһԾ
ȫɱħʼû˸ô˵ղŵԪλŽǰʮħʼڴЩѪҲֻţһԡ
ʵΪԱŭ״̬µħʼѹʵ̫ˣ㲻϶ʱͻͻȻɱˣ
ٺ٣ãҵĺŮһСֵôάȻƣΪ㲻˵ҾͲ֪ˣֵѪҺУһ˿֮Ϣȥ·ʱ칬Ҳһȥ·ټ˿Ϣ֮˭


1754 
ͻȻħʼгСħһû˵ˡ
СħȻħʼ֪ӵĸ׾ϸ룬ħʼ֪˴£Ҳܰô
ϵ˴٣˵ϣţ£ôʲô⣿
õúܣǺõúܣħʼ˵ɱ磬С·֮أȻ绨ѩ£ƭҵŮ
ħʼ÷ˡ
ʱ˵֪ħҪʥϣɶΪĹؼͳ·ʱƭɶ٣׳нɶ˺ӣ߰㣬һйݵģ
Ȼ۵ĻԼһ˵ǴĻǵıСħ޷ٳĬȥˡ
Ȼۣ۱£˵㲻Ҫ֮ǰͲ֪ҪʥϣûƭңǻһҲġ
죡
ѾŭħʼһͻȻˣһȭСħɵС
ͻıʣСħɫ䣬ۣҲס˺
ħʼ㣡
ֹֻһ죬Сħɵߵķһ㵹ɳȥһɲǣоһɿµӿ磬ǸС顣

СħɾгȫΪħʼҪֱɱĺӡ
Ȼ֮Сħȴûбˣ֣ħʼڵֻǻһźɫ磬źɫסĵط̥ڵλã
Сħɫɷףʲô
ħʼ˵ָСħȫѨϣСħȫԪˡ
һʱ䣬СħɸоȫһŮһ㡣
Ҳϲǣűߡ
ԭŭħʼͻȻƽȻƽȴһֿµѹȸС㸹Ϊ⿪ֻҪһͻ̮һħУ㸹е̥ɱ
Ϊһ᲻һӤȷʵ᲻ãǱħĴδǰ;˵һδӤʲô
ڷƮҡħ壬һسӤ嶼ǺܴˣΪǲ֪Ǽǧ飬ǧħ˵ⳡлˣ
οСħɸе̥δܲܳ˵
ħʼҪǵ飬Ⱦħ屣
úвң
СħɿħʼĲš
ұǿ㣬̫ʧˣħʼСħɵУŭ䲻ɫ
֪ħҪʥϣȴɲ棬ĶǸС˭ȨڵһУѪħģΪԪ֮ԼĶˣ˭͸˭
巢֮ĸڼΪͳħ壬ħʼУСħɵΪ졣
ӽ쿪ʼͲóˣһһʮϣ컯ʥӣҪ㵱Ӧ£ĺӻʮһϣ
ħʼɭɭ˵Сħ
ˡУʮ磬Ҳ֣ӦҲᵱ棬׼ҡҽҲܸ㵽ҪӣҪνİ飬Լɣ
ħʼĻͬһ⵶̵СħĶѪ
б̵ô
ԼүүδвԼ
Ҫ˵棬Ӧһޱ
ҡ͵ĻᶼûУݺݵһȥ޾ʧ
뵽е֣СħĶˣԼүүоףİ
پһΣǧҪΪ᲻㸹еĺӣԡҪͼΥңӽ쿪ʼɣ㸹еĺӣ㲻Υҵǰ£һᾡ취סʥ壬ֻܽаϵ
ħʼ˵ţȥ
ħʼҲҡͷɶ̫̫ˣ֪үүǽ֪ⶼΪáħʥܾʹ˹ϵѣڴҲǲܣʱʲôûˣô죿һɥȮһô֪㻹ңΪʼһ
˵ԣʺ࣬νİ鶼ǹƨΪǴòٴοʱ򣬻ħ壬嶼ڷǳΣյľأҲѹүүôˣҶʧѵףߵ磬ʵһУʲôãܳô
οǸܲٻ궼δءԲ컯ʥӶ˰Լսʱ㲻Ҳǻᱻһ겻ˣ㻹нȥôʥô
İɣȵ㽫ΪΪƿصʱͻףж棡
˵ţҲ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬ŮŽСħɴˡ
ȣСħһΪݻķ䣬ĵ̺޺Ϳȸ̳ɣУĵرƳɵ̴㣬ԳԷϴԡа˸Ůȫʮʱ̺š
Ȼֻһ㣬Сħɽ뷿֮󣬾Ͳ̤벽ˡ
һо͵ʮ磬Ӧ컯ʥӵ
ʹǣСħɸ޷һеԵɸԼе飬Ҳ֪֮ºӽҲûκιϵһֱ֪Լиӡ
ұ롭֮ǰ취¸


1755 ħʼ
󡪡
֮⣬޴ɫս֮У컯ʥһʯ֮ϣڴϢ
Ȼ䣬һ컯ʥǰ
ǴĹâһ֮컯ʥӵľ֮
֪еݣ컯ʥǷһ˿΢Ц
ʥӵ£ʲôôģ
컯ʥԣһŮЦʵ
컯ʥ۾ŪŴƵ˵۴ϢСħѾͬ޸ˣֻҪ֮ϣͻᵱӦ
ǺǺǣϲʥӵ£Ůӻϲĵ˵ʥӵ֮ʥ岻֪ж֮ŮŶӵʥӵµңСħôܻܾʥӵ£ʥӵ¿˫ޣȡԪĸ֣
Ů˵ƲƲ죬ΪСħܱʥӵĴռ˴ˣΪȵ֮ʥҪռ򣬾£컯ʥҲΪһ컯ʥʣʱСħɾͻʥʳȻմˡ
ߣ϶ѣħʼۣҸͻķⷽǣͻĸʣҲٷ֮һǼǧˡ
컯ʥ˵ﳤߵߣϴ֮ǵЦŨ
ʱ򣬲ŮӴ컯ʥӱס컯ʥӵ˵˵ǸСħŮʺʺ˫ޣȡԪǴ󲹣ʥӵ»ĪҪ˾أ
Ů˵ţһֻ컯ʥţͬһһ㡣
컯ʥӷֽŮ뻳УЦô˾ˣĸңǸɶȴδأҪʶ࣬ԸⰲȵķҵĻҲԸһ֡
컯ʥ˵ţŮӣֱӰӵһݻϣŮӾһʱ컯ʥӾѾ
һʱ䣬ϡ
ݻ龰ϴ֮Ǿ޴֮䣬·һԶž
ɫ£Ĺԣ˺
Ķˣߴʮɵ̨ϣһߴĺվĬĬעŰ֮⣬컯ʥڵɫս
ò㣬Ƿһ˫۾ͬһĺڱʯ˸Ĺâ
ӣħʼѾվҹδ֣һɫʯһ㡣

һĵ̾Ϣħʼ𱳺һɫ۵ˣˣۡ
ħʼɶӦҪɱеĺӣ
ħʼ΢΢һ£תͷĲе£һɫĹߡ
Цһ˵ǰᣬҪסɶе飬ȥǰɣ
ħʼҡҡͷȡԼŮ֮ʹ޲ýʬΣô˵СħɸеĺӶħһѪ֮ǰ̽ӵʱ򣬾ͷǱѰ
ӣͬʱѪ֮һһ޷䲻֪ʲôԴȴħʼһĪļ֮У⺢δ̥ѾԪͷ츳ʵ̫ˣ
ʥ巢ӵĴڣǾ磬һ
۵סɶǳԡħɵһԪСħڵĴֻ̥֮Ҫᣬɶ¶ʲôûʥĵĻӦȥ
ħʼСħɸеȻΪвСħɣγΪ˱
Ǳȥ룡ħʼ֣ص˵
ϣСħɻе鱻컯ʥ֪ϱĻǽֱ
Ǳ˵Ǵ컯ʥӵˣ컯ʥӵƤһ˺ˡ
ʥħδСħͱȵǣѪ컯ʥԴҪ̵ðˡ
ȫ£Ц컯ʥӡ
ʥ壬ҲȻһЩ컯ʥӵ˺ô˻ꡣ
Ǹʱ컯ʥ߳ŭħһ£ʮа˾Żᱻٵ
Ҫ֪ħʥԣʵĲֵһᡣ
ʥ岻ǷҪħ岻ɣֻħܹɴǵʧСѡ
Ƿ˵ħʥĻǾųɾŵĿܣڴֱ֮ӱˡ
׵ȻɱСħɸеĺӡ
ħʼôԼԶʧȥŮˡ
պټƱͬУ
С
ħʼȻսȭͷָ죬ں޲˺
ʵʮǰСħɳ·ãϵϢᵽСħɸһǱԹ
ʱ򣬲ħʼ۶ȫûϵ֮Ȼᷢչӡ
Ǵ٣ɶһǺܺʣϧʱٽٵʱ̫ˣҹƴٻڼ֮ھͱʱᳬ꣬һСϯĴ٣ʲôãѣ
ҡͷĪ˵Կֲʥ壬𵽶أ
ߣꣿܻ컯ʥӵİԼսͲˣħʼ־ķⲻΪ鷳ҲΪожСħɣ֮ǰСħɵħʼܿСħɴ˵Լԣħʼܲߣ
ԼսҵϣӮٱôѿϧⲻܡ
ҡͷͷһƣﵱȻϣܶȹ٣ִʱ廹˭֪ʥִٺΡ
֪ЩҲûѡ
ʵˣֻܷ
ħʼص̾һԶ
شƣС
оԼΪ𣬲ŮҸħδƿزˡ
һĽ֣ʵ̫ʧˡ

ħʼΪǰ·ãпʱСħڵķУȴӵķ㣬˳
ʮɼˮأ޵Ļ꣬뵵ˮģߡ
С㣬ԡˡ
ɴŮڵϣŸԡߣСħɡ
һĵƵԡˮСħ̬룬ȥ¶塣
ҽţһĽֺˮصʯϣֱѩ׵ĳ˲ֱӡ
̤ˮأˮС
ˮΣСħ嶼ˮ£ŮСħɵߣѵɴҲ̤ˮ֮УʼСħɵ塣
ɵļմϾӨˮ飬ͬ¶˳ԡ
С㣬ժɡ
ŮҪΪСħϴزСħɵز֮ǰȴһ
⴮ڣϴزȻܲ㡣
ǳȥԼϴ
Сħ΢΢üƺΪԼزŮܲġ
ŮСħɲãһЩˡ
ȥ
СħЩ֣ȴʼԼǰյýģ
⴮СħɶԣŷǷ塭


1756 ǧ
ǣС㡭
ŮˮУɫң֮ǰ۷ԸһҲ׼Сħ뿪ߣ˵̷ʵҲǼӡ
ϾСħɵԸ񣬶ǲԴУǻ뷽跨Ūʲôû߼ӵĻ˭֪ʲô顣ۺħʼ𣬶ġ
ȥСħֺ˪ҲϲԡʱԱ߿š
⡭
ŮһۣСħǳȥǶ֪Ǻˡ
С㲻ҪΪǣǷ۱µ뿪࣬վſھˡ
ŮĬĬ˵ſڡ
СħϴԡҺܴſھԡвʮԶ
ȵЩŮ뿪Сħɳһһĳˮ
Өļ̵ͦķͣûˮУСħɵͷҲԡˮ£ƾǷ׷ĳͬõһˮɢ
ůˮϣĸоԭӦúһ̣ȴСħɸеĹ¶
ԼؿڵǴ
⴮ʵ㲻ۣ˵Щѿӹ֣ܲҲԵúܹ׾ûŮ־ɵĸо
Сħһֱ⴮Ϊ͸Сħɵĵһ
иǳ֣Сǧġ
Сħɱħʼ֮ȫӡˣڵ⣬棬û
£СħҪϵԼѺͱȴӦʥϢǾԲܵ顣
ȻΪؿڵ⴮һȴת
ĳǱﲩڼ䣬Ὺʼ֮ǰǧʦĻһ
Լסһ˵Ϣ˿⴮סϢ˵ͨţֻҪһλ棬ԶܽϢʹ
ֻض֮ϵЧխɱܸߣʶ۸߰
Ҫ֪һ鱦Ҳڻ֣⴮ļ۸鱦ʮ֮һˡ
Сħ⴮סϢֻڣȴǵһʹá
ǧ֮УСħں֡
ܺ£ΪԼȫӡ֮󣬵׻ܲʹ⴮ڣֻҽˡ
һĺСħϣļУδ֪֮Уķ֮£ɳ칬ڵİ齢ȥ

ٹҪʼˣҪˡ칬齢֮ϣ𿪿
΢΢ͷ˵֪ǰ׼ġ
ʲô׼ҸֻΪ˶㲻Ҫ컯ʥͻϣҲܰô㣬ᣬˣСö࣬û˻ᳰЦ㣬ֻΪ컯ʥԴСˣô
ˡ˵ͷʵȵ֮컯ʥӽ֣ΪĻ컯ʥӻûаֻᣡ
Լ躹޵ĻҲһЩô
ˣʱͻȻһֱӽסˡ
һ̣ԺоŵĴе֮
ʲʲô
һʱв֪ʲôоɶ˵ԼˣҾȻ˺ӡ
ʵ̫ͻȻԭٽҪӣºӳ֮󣬾Ҫٲпս
㲻㡣
ԭСħ˵ܹϺȴǼΪѵ顣֮ǰСħһʱ򣬾Сħɲֹһ˵ϺӣΪˣСħʼһ㵭ĳơ
СħڻУԭޱϲ顣
СħɵУȴκϲĵǺͱˡ
һСħڵ״̬ӻὫյأ
нɶе飬ô
ȥӦСħɵһʣǧһ˵Сħȴ΢΢һˮȻ¡
ԭȫʧǧڣҲұ֤ϵڽʱ̣үүвۿҪӦ컯ʥʱСħѾȫƲסԼĸ顣
ˡһʼҲ֪ԼˣΣҲҪȵŻħ塭ָ磬Ҹô죿Ѿүүүү
СħɽԼħľȫ˵ˣħʼквӦ컯ʥӵ飬Ҳȫ
ž
µʯȻ鿪һ˿ƣ
Ϊзŭ¡
һĻ΢΢һ㵣ôˣ
ڸղһ̣ܵһľ֮ȴ֪ǹζʲô
Ҳͨ޷
ĬһʱشΣʱԺлСħɵ
ָ磬ҲӦҸʧȥҵĺӡ
Сħɵ嶼ԡ֮Уˮ˳ˮ֮УЩɬ
Сħɻ̺˼Ϊ˸еĺӣ᲻һУ֮£ҲֻܴӦ컯ʥӵ
⵱Ȼβܽܵ顣
սȭͷָžž죬˵ף̫
һ˾ʥĻСħȥһУ
ģһҡҲ˺ǵĺӣҲ˶㡣㲻ҪӦʥӵҲҪŭүүʣµ飬ҡ
ĻͨǧĵķСħɵĶϡ
һʱ䣬СħɵĶƺֻʣ
ģһҡ
һ仰СħɸоԼĵһίˣƺɲǼɢˡ
һֱΪҪǿһ֮˺֮ȴ֣վҪػͱ


1757 
ô£˴㣿
֮ǰʻһֱûлش
һʵ˵ǵġ˴ңСħɡ
СħɣĿһۣʵСħ·ˣ
Ȼ֪ȥ·ʱСħҲͬһʱȥ··˽鲢ϡ档
ʱСħɴΪСħɸ͸¶һЩйħڲϢ
ħ壬Ȼ⣬ΪǶʥ̬ȣϵ˴δٵľơ
ħ嵹ʥĻһ޴Ĵ
Сħ˵ʲô
ԴݼΪġ
еı飬Цݿɬ˵˵Լˣҵġ
˵ⷬƵᣬ·ûʲôӰľ𣬶ʱõɴһ˫
㡭˵ʲô
𲻿ŵĿСħɡĺӣ㡭
仰˼άԾʵ̫ˣһʱûܷӦ
Ȼ֪Сħħĵλ֪Сħƺħʥĳ롣
ڣСħɻĺӣ±컯ʥ֪֪θ롣
ħʼ֪𣿡
ĵĻħʼ̬ȡ
˵ͷСħɵ򵥵˵һ
֮̾һֽ뵽ˡ
ҲûʲôõĽ취
ҡҡͷԭСħŵԣ췹ûд٣ȫԴȥף˳µĴٳ׮Ե
ϧȴˣŶûá
ħ˵ںֻڣδδ˵ٽϦ˭֪ûδ
Ĭֵ㲻Ҫ嶯Щ飬Ϊһ᳢ȥ˵ħʼ𣬲Ϊ㣬ҲΪ壬ϣôãҶȥ
ٹ磬֪ܣ֮ϣǧĪҪŭħʼŮѪ㶨ȻʹϸֻۣϽͣ㣡
˵䣬վƮȻȥ
Щ죬һֱڸħ彻棬̽ħ̬ȣȻȴξġ
ҲҪʧȥħһˡ
ĻСħɵĸҲʵĻűɱ硣
뵽һơ
ħ壬Ͷ塭ȴû·
ʱһĹȥ
Сħɱڷ֮УվǳԷԡ˯ߣ¡
СħɼΣȻСħȴһﲻ·δһ
۳̾һ֪Լ˵ʲôûá
ΪСħɣСħ˵̫ƽˣڣҪúв
ÿ۶ֻŮ̺СħɣһЩĵرĬĬ뿪ˡ
ЩĵرŮǴӹҩĩȵȸ̬Сħɶ߲ܣͳͳȥ
ѹСħҲûжһٷ
ÿһζҩÿһʳСħɶĳԸɾΪľеĺӡ
Լĺ츳ǱѰֻУѾԪ
ΣҲ˷˺ӵ츳Ӱĳɳ
СħɱĸԽԽࡣ
ԽԽ֡
ڴƼй𼶵ʮ
ʥһҲ˼Ǹ컯ʥһסݻĸۡ
ÿնʥħˣʥפĸۡн
ֹƷŮ븮֮ۡۡϯϣҹҹϸ衣
Щ𶼿УҲΪ
ڼ䣬Ҳס
Դסһ̣ʼṳ̂һһֱж
ΧԪۣھתһڵתǰ
¶ļ
磬̺ɲ
ʮʱ䣬ȫϡ
ԭʱ֮·ԸֵһᣬͨʮȴԽԼ塢ꡢͬʱ״̬
ѾԤеһܻܿὣţ
ħʼ𡭡컯ʥӡ
ĬĬ֣ǰһ˹׾ĺɫǹ˳ǹƺ£ֻǿһ۱ľ
ǹȡİǹ
ǹ֣ĬĬĲǹˣɭɭĺ⣬İҫ
ѾһҹͿˡ
죬۵ٳ


1758 ῡܻ
ֹӣ׼ôǰ֪ͨóˡ
⴫Ůĵ֪ˡ
òһȦȦĲסǹˣ˳ǹվ
˵ȥμ磬ȴս
ʱСħɵĴ
ָ磬үү˺üƣΪľǲ˿Һٵʱ̣ܶңҪڴӦ컯ʥӵ顭
СħɵЩ
ֻǵӦģҡ
š
һСħһůĲҲɢˡ
С㣬һ㣬Ҫͷء
ʱСħŮĺǵСħɸʲôСǰ⣬ǾԵˡ
ˡСħ䵭ò֧⼸ŮҲ̫ܵá

һʱ֮۵磬ڿʼˡ
ͬеһˣפشϡ
µĲݵϣİŮ˵Цò죬ȻȴһƵĸо
ŮվΧıֻȻɵĺгС
ʦ㡭ĽŮӣһ㵣ˣĽܷѩĽãԭĽܷѩĽã칬û뵽Ҳ塣
ˡĽܷѩĿ⸴ӣ꣬ĽܷѩһԸѾ˽ᡣ
ʵĽܷѩѾ˼ˣֻЩ죬Ϊӭⳡ磬һֱչزż
֮ǰѾ֪ڤӱüɱȻ˵ǽ˵ĽܷѩԾޱȡ
Ѫ𣬾һñĽܷѩһּΪʵĸо
ʦ㡭Ҳˣ
ԱȼʮǰĽܷѩƺһ·ҲԿĽܷѩľ硣
⵹˵ĽܷѩʵǿΪŮںܶʱʵԳ֮
Կ϶⼸ʮʱ䣬Ľܷѩ칬ϹʵȻһ󲽡
巨ʮ֮һ
šιأһˡ
Ľܷѩ˵䣬칬ŮһŮվţһ㣬Ʈݳ
ͫ΢΢һŮѾ̫òıΣ
Ѿ֪εķתٿΣоѾεϢԽԽӽˡ
ҲõĽǾҪΪһ塣
ʱ¾̤֮ʱֻǲ֪ʱܸܲڴ֮ǰ
ű΢΢һЦǴкֻ΢΢ͷӦû˵ʲôˣʼ䵭
ɱڤӣʬǻ׼
ߣĽܷѩҧʵڤӺ̫Ҫۿڤӵ׼
ҡҡͷ˵ڤӵѾˣ걻ҷħ֣֮󣬿Ըʦһۡ
ã
Ľܷѩһսȭͷлл㡭
ʦˡ
΢΢һЦʱ
ɡ
˵ͬʱĿһۣףȻϣϼ£ĪҪԿ
˵ͷʾԼ
Ҳûʲôˣ˵˵ˣԸ񣬲óȻȥһЩƿص顣
һˣ
һֳʵΪĵ̶һ
ԭ֮УǷӡһƬ
ƬޱȣϲηԪŨ
ʣӡں֮еһ磬Ȼ̫ˣܽĴʵԾΪ¡
кĵ̣ںܾǰӵ񡭡ߣĵ˵̫֮һ߰ʮǰһٶǰޱȻԻͣĴҪƾֻ࣬ϧѾûˣ֪á
˵̾һȴ֪˵ʱҲڵ塣
δһã
ʮ棬ûһõʢȥ
Ҳ̫ɣ
ͻȻôʵߵĽܷѩһۣĽܷѩ̫塣
̫壬ǰǰ̫ǿһ֧ԲŸԳ塣ǵʵ٣ȴ˽ܣ촴ˣ
ڶȥħӵʱԪӵĲл˵ꡢһǿ󣬿ɾޣһӵ츳죬Ԫʮ
ȷʵޱȡ
ϧ壬һûԽԽ٣ʮǰѾ
ƺԪһ𹲽ֻ·ĿģǽֻתΪ̫ѰһȻȴʧˡ
ĵص㣬Ƭĵһ֮ϡ
죬ݺ˰ڵΧ岼СΧţͬǹ¡
СĺУдĺ޴߮
꣬Ǻ캣ͷߵȵȡ
Щ޾޴ޱȣǿ󳬹ʥǶָӣһսһ֧µ
ǰ֣
ͻȻԶһǰʺֿ
ˣǰҢºĵӣһ䣬̨ͬ棡
ڰҢ󣬻кƺƵĶ飬ȻҲˡ
þò
ټҢҲипⳡ磬һ򿡽ܣгա¶ǰ
ȻΪ֮һСħɣҲǵһ֮һ
ֻһʱû뵽ԼǸʢһСħߵһ
ֻ˵ʵ̫ˡ
һ䣬Ѿȥ˽ˣң뵱Щ˶ʢ֮ٻףȻпǧ


1759 ʥ
ԤĲڵϵ֮󣬺ܿһˡɽгա
гմһ鲼ɮۣضɾ
ɽһֻˣԵùģսȺʹڷû
ʩòˡ
г˫ֺʮ΢Цôȥгûκα仯
һΪ΢΢㵣ȻЦʩ˽ܣƶɮΪʩС磬ڣȴһˡ
гղϵҡͷ
ΪѾĽһ˦ˡ
ʵϣΪǴҪģµս·ϰ顷ּ̳֮Ѫս˲ķԾ
гֹǫˣһͬǰɡ
Ҳһ񣬶ɽӡܺãڷжɽںϡ
Խ뵺죬ܾԽࡣ
ڵ룬һչҲľг
ΧŸޣƼʤա
֮⣬иۣһݶ۲ƣһҲΪ׳ۡ
Ϲڲλһ𼶱ǿ߾жʮˡ
һеĿܣȻҲܽ빬ڲ㣬ֻȽԶλϣа
Ľ¡ĽܷѩЩʵǿݲˣҲλá
󣬸ӣֻչ֮ˡ
ԼλϣڱĿͻȻ䣬ܵһɱֱϮ
ɱһݣ˲Ѫǹ
Ȼתͷɱķֻһߴվһʯ̨ϣĿһԼ
ˣħʼ
΢΢һͣоһӴѹԼֳħʼ𲻿֣ܶȴ̲סŭѰİ벽ʥߣħʼֻǷַӵ顣
Сӣ㻹ǵӲС
ħʼ羪һ쳹ߣ·ҪĶĤơ
ħʼǰ
˫ֱȭ籩һ֮УҲֻǿά򶨡
ħʼټӴѹĻҲֻܿа֮ø󣬶֮Ѫ
˭ǰٸ׽ȡŮԪҾưոݣλ㣬ҲҪҪ˵
ħʼֻǳĬ˵ħʼͷϣԭԸ壬̱Υ淴ʶʱ򲻹˵ʲôֻӭЧ
Сӣӽɶ㲻аֹϵΪ˭ⳡ֮УһֻϣΪ츳þ޵ˣǰ츳иƨã
ħʼѾܻѹһǿҪһЩɫ
΢΢üа֮ѹ
ʱ߲ԶġšһһƽĻȴͬһ󴺷磬ħʼɢǿȫɢˡ
ħʼ磬ƺ鲻ã
ƽ˵һ仰˵ħʼһͣƵһ
ղѹȻֻٵһǱһͼ򵥻⣬⻹ħʼ𾪡
ΪѾ˲˼ľ硣
ΡѲѾӽˣ
ƽ񵭵Σħʼоڿһ׵̶ˮ޷ﵽľ硣
Ѿﵽ벽ôκ϶Ϊһͻ񣬲ǲܣ
񾳽磬ʵҪˣȻԶʥ壬ٻôһʥʱ
ħʼţʱ򣬹ͻȻʢһɫڼֻ֮£˴֮У
˭
ôţȻʻ
ܶῡܳԾǵۣͣ˹֮⣬Ӹǲ̤벽
Ƕֻ֮ϣһȻߣһŮӡ
һһŮǰһս׵ˣˣ纣ħʼй֮޲
ʣҲһ
ʥ𣡡
컯ʥӣ
˾еȥ·Щ꣬컯ʥѾ˲֪˲컯ʥǰῡܶû˰ֵ
Ϊʮǰ컯ʥս
Щǵ֮һһ컯ʥӵ¡
ǰ컯ʥӻһĴ
һս컯ʥӵλƵһֲĸ߶ȡ
컯ʥӵţܶһû˰Ƣж컯ʥӸָ̣Ƕ컯ʥӵʵȴòʵ̫Զˣ
ԭ컯ʥӣֲôţȻʻ˴
꣡С㣬СıϣȻܰô֮һǵɽŽսʱǾ͵ùˣ
ţʱ컯ʥӲ˶˵ˡ
ʱ컯ʥѾö֮ƽλϣ
컯ʥߣ޺΢΢üȴû˵ʲô
ƽĶۣ컯ʥܻܴѾһһܲеʱؼᣬδڣܴﵽʵҲ޿ɺǡ
οʥ֮䣬ϵ۶ᷴԣЩ˵ʲô
겻ʥӵʵˣ
һӭϣĹʦʥڣ
س̾
컯ʥǰͻʥڣʵҲǸʱĴڼȥ컯ʥӸ̣ʵǿ
ʥڶѣʲô컯ʥӲΪҡҡͷƺЩɾͣ飬ûдﵽˡ
ԣȷʵʲôʥӵĿ꣬Ӧڼ֮ڣﵽʵˮƽ
سе
컯ʥ΢΢һЦĵ˵ɣ濹𣬲ٳˡ
ޱȣῡˣȴûʲôٶȥʱ䣬Ŀƥ
Ҳ컯ʥڽ磬ܹսʤˡк飬ͻƽȷʵпܡ
ʥӵǰǷ׷˵
ߣҢƲƲ죬Ŀˣ
Ң仰ûԪȻͣ컯ʥӶãȴˡ
컯ʥתͷ˰ҢһۣûҢǰҢߵ컯ʥ΢΢һȡ
뵽ʲôǷһ˿мЦݡ
û뵽ҲˣҵİԼսʣʮ˰úһʮʱ䣬õʱûˡ
컯ʥУҢֵ࿴һۣҲֻǿ⼸֡


1760 ǹལ
컯ʥӺԣʱڳ˵Ĺע
ʥ̸еʱ컯ʥӶ°Լսº䶯򣬿ν˲֪˲
컯ʥ£ǵȻע
˶ſλشü΢Ҫƣ㣬֤㣬츳ʥҲɵɱ㣡
컯ʥӵȷԸƺϵ£ΨҶ
ߵһҲǰ׳գǸоܻΪһԲŻ
ڣС뽫ֱ
ƣ˵ʱԣڣʮ궼Ǿ޴Ĳࡣ
ǵȵ˼ǧ꣬꣬ʱǰٰʮ࣬ͬˡ
ϯλϣһְֻŲ豭컯ʥӵƣֻЦһ
ʮǰԼսʱʥڶ壬һ̤ʥ磬ֻͨڣ֮ʵ̫ԶڣʮȥʥڣѾһ󾳽磬̤벽ʥǵΪ࣬ԽԽСٹʮ꣬ʲô⾰˭ģ϶˱Ӯң
ţڳЩˣ׷̽磬Ȼ˵Ѿǰ벽ʥ磡
ֻһ·֮ãΪһ󾳽磬ٶȣʵ
ʮ̤֮ʥҲǲܣ
Ļȷʵ컯ʥӵĲٴСһЩ
Ȼ컯ʥĻȴЦ̫ЦˣΪΣ㲻ȥ·õһЩԵΪһʱͻͽˣδ൱һʱڣҪ̸ΪҪͻʥˣֱԲ
ڵ㣬ʮǰҵľ磬һЩ࣬ʮڣʵгĽҲû̫׷ΪǱоڹϣѾȡʵķԾЩԾֻ֮ģ
컯ʥͻȻ𹦷ڳȻ뵽һЩš
Ǿǣ컯ʥˡ컯񹦡أ
⡶컯񹦡񹦷εġ䡷Ҫ߳һ
Ҫ֪컯ʥӲʥڣ񹦷Ѷȿ֪
һ޳ɣȻֲ
˵⡶컯񹦡ĵأѾй컯֮
˵컯񹦡Ĵţ˵
컯ʥк飬ٶôˣԭΪ컯񹦡ΪȲŷŻһЩ򹦷ĻΪչȻʵչܸ죬ڵ컯ʥӣˣ
˵ţоľôȥ컯ʥսʤӣȥԶˡ
һܹУô컯ʥӾΪʥһͷһܲУ
ǸʱǾͲһƺˡ
컯ʥӵⷬȵѹȻȴ΢΢һЦȻ˵ɣ㻨ʮʱһ׹Ҳʮʱһ׹֪ǵĹ˭ǿ˭
˵ĹȻǡ顷
ȻĻ˶УȴԸо㣬߶Щȥˡ
˼컯ʥĿ񹦷
Ĺʲô
컯ʥӻû˵ʲôĸȴЦ
Ҳ˹ǹܸ컯񹦡ȣ̫Цˣǰ׳ôʵ̲סˡ
⼸ӵʵҲͣΪ컯ʥӻһС磬еʥڣеʥ۷壬Ȼǵĸ޷컯ʥˣҲ컯ʥӴ̫ܶ࣬ǱûԵͻƽûʲôˡ
Ȼʥ۷Ͼʥ۷壬ҲСǸҲ컯ʥԻҲ֤ǵĵλ͡
һĸӣǰԶ컯ʥ֮ŵǣ˳Ңгյƽλϡ
һĻ֮ǰܶ˿ˣȻвȴû˵ʲô
컯ʥλҲͰˣҲЩῡһζῡǸ컯ʥӵһˡ
ЦһȺūŶѣ˭ǵȨҲУĹ涨Ƕ빬ǻ
Ƕû뵽ôֱͣӾͰһȺ˽гūţǹ
ʥ۷˵һˣȴ
һʱ䣬ĿɿڴҲ΢΢üڵƺûаĻȥ
ĸˣʱбŭ˻ԣ챻ˣԺûˡ
ֱվȫƱĹɱֱ


1761 Сħ
Сӣ
ĸˣΧסȴϯλϣû
ūţٺ١ΪʲôĵλģûĻʲôūŶ磬Ϊ㻹ã
ĸ˵ĻͱˣȻû˵ʵѾڻһ˼ǾǣվҪʥ
Ǹʱ忡ʧȥıӻøһͼʥūš
ҲΪԭʥߵʮ㣬Ŀˡ
ȻˣǾԾӣоԼݣῡܲʲô
˵ⷬʱڳܶüͷһ壬ĴλվȫϢ纣ʱ鲻Խһ͡
٣Ҫô
ĸȻô˵ʵҲЩ飬Ͼ۵磬ôڳĸ˾ʥƣĿˣҲֳôǰ֡
ңҲ֪ʵΡ
ĸʥںʥ۷壬ûܰѶԷסǾͶʥˡ
£
ʱ컯ʥ䵭˵
ʥӵ¡
ĸҧҧ컯ʥĿ㣬
컯ʥӿٺһЦôǶۺٵģ绹ûʼ͸ҵӽϾˣӣʮ֮Ҷûи㽻ֵˡ
컯ʥӵĻζʮ㣬һ仰ͽһˣݵӽϾʵڲ񻰡
ķ̣ʼչЦݣᣬ˲أ˵ʱСУֳϣ֪𱰣ԼĹ˲֪̣ܽŵҧˣùӴˣ
ԣһ仰˵ĸ÷ĳ֮£Ҳû취ֻţĸЦȴЩȡζ
Դˣü΢֮ǰҪ컯ʥͻڿƺûģҪ컯ʥӡ
ҪʲôҪȰ棬ûж˵ʲôӡУ£зִ硣
Ƥӹ򲻴
컯ʥӲмЦһǲ֪ʵΣ벽ʥʮ֮Ӧͻʥڰɣﵽڵľ磬ĻһеȤ̫û˼ˡ
컯ʥ˵䣬ͻȻһЦʥӵ£ֹӣǶ˶˽ܣԼսӻûα˺
ʱ򣬴߽֮һˡ
ͦΣƤ𪣬Ŀ䣬һͷڷʣȥΰӢ
ˣʵƿߡۡ
۵ĳ֣ȫž
ҲģԼȡСħԪСħɻе飬һ֪
ȴûħʼֱӱֳԼ񣬷һֱɫ·֪Ƶġ
һ㣬˵۵ĳǸħʼֻ˵ˣϲŭɫħʼƫֱֱȥȣǰȻġ
۵ڳһһݺء
ʱ򣬻µĴ½
бľʶ
ۡδк󣬿βס֮ɫ
ʵ컯ʥӶ°֮ԼΪΪά컯ʥ֮ڣҪսʱֱӽڷ˼ϣų棬ս
һ˵Ժж
Сӣ벽ʥˣʥڣҲһ֮ңʱͻƣ
Ϊչٶú𰵰զ࣬һ䣬һ·Ʋɵῡܣâ
ҢҲѧѧ˵ˣ֮һҾ֪ˡ
ҢǺͽܣߣһŭ䲻ɫðҢп࣬ȣΪˡ
ǰˡ˵ţѼ䣬ʱͻȻһ𣬻˵ߣֱӽסˡ
һǣ۾һתתĶŴӲ߳һŮ
Ůڰ˸Ů֮ͬ£񻣬һɫһɴֻ¶һ˫ͫ棬ͬҹľ顣
Сħɡ
磬ƽʱСħɷ죬ѾȫûǷ鶯һݴҹĸоˮ
Ȼȴ֪ǿģΪСħɱΪټУʱĿ˵硣
Сħɵĳ֣һʱ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣
ħʼСħµĽַǲ֪ΪֻΪСħԼȫϢѡ
᳡ϣСħΪħСǣǵȻ᲻òȥ̽Сħɵ硣Ҿ̽ˣҲֻСħħῴĶ
Сħɳ֮һ˫ʶĴѰӣѰ
ȻΪ֪Ųȥټ᳡һˣȻס
ǰ
ʱСħɶϤԪ΢΢һ˹
Ŀԣ·ǧ̺С
Сħɽҧ촽һﲻƺ
ȻĶӣȴֻǳ˶̶̼Ϣʱ䣬СħɾתͷȥĬĬۡ
ͷβһ˫Ŀ⿴ǣĿħʼ
ϣħʼСħκεĽ
ǲСħôö겻û뵽Ѿһ鶯ƤСһͤͤˮŮˣ
ڱϯϣ˵
ǰڵԣ⣬˭Ȣ˫ޣң
ţвῡܣСħɵĿⶼżĽ֮ɫ
ôȥСħɺͱΣʼڵ֮Ů
ǲָˣ˭Ҳܵõ
ôСħɣȻ˵ˡ
Щ޴࣬ǻ֪ħʼۣѾӦҵеŮò˶þҪҿ³лˡ
ھЩ˲Զ컯ʥڳῡۣܵеɫ
СħɣѾעԵеζܹЩῡжСħɣ컯ʥг˳ɾ͸С
Щ򿡽ۣܵٿЩĽһԽУ컯ʥȻ
ڽ򣬻ľŮĸо컯ʥӺ㡣
ζߵСħɣĵĶ˹豭ø벦ŪŲҶ
Ϊ컯ʥӵλúܿǰСħɺܽСħĸо컯ʥӵĿ⣬Ҳ컯ʥ˹
СħԼ컯ʥǵĻȸԣЦŵżòһʱ䣬翪ʼҾͻóףٵͬʱħʼףʱҵˡ


1762 ͻ֮
ܵ컯ʥǱԵĿ⣬СħгȻǰҲֻתͷȥᡣ
ʥӵ£ƺǰ֮ŮȤ
컯ʥߣһͬʥ𻺻˵
ʥ𣬷ʥ嶥ͬ컯ʥһͬ٣һչʥʵҲҪΪ˱ʥӵȫ
СħɵʷǱѰ˫ޣҳ컯񹦡أвСİ
컯ʥͻơ컯񹦡أҲɺϳɷ棬ڡ컯񹦡أѶȾ͸ˣûд磬컯ʥûκġ
Сħ˫ޣȡСħԪںСħɵ֮Ѫ컯ʥӵԣô
һһЩڽ컯񹦡ء
ĻʧܣҲܻ۾顣
컯񹦡أԽƣ컯ʥӵĺôԽ󣬿ΪͻºܺõĻ
컯ʥ˵䣬Ĵǣൽˡ
ǣ׷Ϻ
Щ𼶵ıĳϣڻֵĸ߼ۡ
ͳһöĹ޵ľ޵޺ͳһżз鱦
򣬽
ЩͳıպҲҪġ
ҢˣСȻŲˣͺֲǡ
ʱֵ컯ʥӳˡ
²豭̨󣬸ĸӣĸӣһСɵĵУһһ͹׾ϻ
Ʒһʱ˵ĹעǶ֪컯ʥӻͳʲô
ߵǰ컯ʥӲĽд򿪣ⵤ֮УһöԲıɫҩ۴Сҩ˱ǡ
ڳ߶ʶģһۿһö񵤡
񵤣𼶴ܷõĵҩΪ̸ǲɶõı䵽УٲһѪȷ硣
Ȼֳ񵤾Ͳôˡ
޺ͳ鱦컯ʥΪóĺʵЩ
ԹۣǵҪʥ嵽׻óЩʲôҪ֪컯ʥӻһӣڶлʲô
һö񵤣
۴Цţߣеӽöҩúñܡ
ʵʵҲӽ۷ˣö񵤶ԣûʲôãڻ޻ࡣ
ʱ컯ʥӴ̴ùö׾У֮ǰ񵤣̴Ӵ򿪣ⷽУȴ컯ʥִ򿪡
֮Уһ˿˿֮ϣһɫ
򣬾Ǻһ㣬䡣
컯ʥӣ˹ĽȡϴżЦ⡣֮ǰ񵤣ֻǸ۱ģǽĺ񡭡
ǡۿ컯ʥӣ֪ΪΣеĺɫٵĸо
۱£ʥ컯ʥʣʱϹżеõĴƬȻвȴͻ֮죬óΪ۴ٵ񡣡
컯ʥӵ󣬵ȴĴȫ
һʱ䣬˶ˣ
ڳеֱٿһվ
˵۾һգգĶöɫ
ͻ֮
û뵽컯ʥӾȻϣóĺ
Ще١
Ҫ֪Դʮǰش٣ʥɱ㾡ȫ֮ˡ
һսȻʥ壬ҲԪˣжϾ࣬һֱڣδͻˡ
кܶ˻ɣ岻ͻΪʧ˴УҲͻ֮
컯ʥͻȻóһö׭ͻ֮ܲڳ𼤶
һʱ䣬ۿڸĿתĶ컯ʥе̲סø֪ȥ̽컯ʥҲûֹ
ܵзӵĻĹŷһʱ䣬𺳣Ȼܿܶණо׭̵ͻ֮ûα
⡭
ָûջ
ݺ£Ȼ̫Ĳʡ
۷֮·о֮ڵԪҪͻվøߣøԶ
ħʼ𣬼һöҲ޷ˡ
֮·ı׷
һУ̫ݶˡ
λϯϣü΢컯ʥóͻ֮ûκζģеģֻеĳơ
ĳ˵磬ʥĲģ˴֮䣬չʵͼֵħ۶
ȻһʼħѾʥˣϾʥʵԽ̫࣬壬޷֮ȡ
Ѿħ嵹ʥһߵ׼ȴҲû뵽컯ʥӾȻ統óͻ֮
۶ħĳǶĳɹ
Ҫ֪кܶͬżϣ񾳽
ʥóͻ֮սħ塣
ôǷҲһЩͽΪͻ֮ʥ壿
Ȼ˵ū繷˶ǲܷ磬磬ÿսܻӿֳĺ
Ϊλˣֻ򵱺õˣūź͹һţܱΪսҪõö࣬ˣʲôûˣ
뵽ЩƽУ컯ʥӿʵֻαװÿһ£һĽԨ
ǵʥ̸УֲԵԼķʣͬʱƺ֮Լս¡
ǺʮʥţָʥһĲʳ
ֻЩ꣬컯ʥսһһ֮ܣĵͬʱҲʥ۷壡
󣬾֮ϣ컯ʥóͻ֮ѹһݡ
һ֣еâڱ
Ҫ֪컯ʥӲ꣬к֣δǰ;
컯ʥյĴˣպȻΪĸ󻼣ΪľĹˣ
ԭܣϣϵԽԽãڳʱһΡ˳ɳ
ڿʱԽϣԽ⡣
Ҫʧȥħѣٹʮ꣬˵ڲΪʥѹֱͶ֮ˡ
һһͶߣͶ߾ͻԽԽ࣬彫
ս֮ƺ컯ʥӵĴ㡣
ʥս޷ڳ㹻ʱȴòΪӪѹһһĴڲ߽壬ϾʱǿѹܻһЩΪܲסѱ䣡
һУһݶ˵ã


1763 ʥ
ߣ˵ͻֻ֮ʥķɣħ壬ʲôã
ʱһŭʮ𣬿ڵǺ
ȻҲʥĴ㡣
صʲôһľȥټħĵ꣬Ӱ̫ˣ
ôôʮǰս㣬Լս꣬ȴӦսһСӸս飬ôˣ
컯ʥӿǲмζ
ͬʱһĿдŵĳνСӣȻˡ
ĳˮһδȴһͣϵѪ·ӿϡ
ǿƣҲһƽʱλ˭λߵģҲӡ
ڣȴһСƣƫƫ֮£ҴӦֱд
嶯⼤㣡Ҳڹ⼤ҪС˴ˣ
ʱ򣬺Ԫ
һҧ⽣ŵУȴˣơ
һСŪڹ֮ϣѹţоǰδеķŭͱ
ûа취֮Ĵ򲻹컯ʥӡ
ʵˣֻܱѹţ
λϣ컯ʥ¶һʤЦݡ
ֿеЩɻ󣬡СӣղŻޱȣôһΣܳˣ
컯ʥţȴûжԺ侮ʯתۣϾҪĿģΪħ壬ͬʱУһսӣףֻҪ壬ʥ壬ܵõͻ֮
컯ʥеĺɫ˹˵˻öصĴֻʥ壬ȴʺħǾ֮ܣбʮ꣬ûȥ磬ǵ۽磡
컯ʥӵĻ֮ħ壬𣬶ֻš
зŭޱȣҲòϣ컯ʥ˵ʵ
˵ʮûгûп磬ʮǰ屾ʷҲûڳ֮УܶණΪ֪
ʵΪʮǰǳ٣弸ʧеŻ𣬴жϾܶʷҲŻҷˡ
˸ҷ컯ʥ΢Цż˵ǴҲ֪ʮ棬̫ʱǰԵǸʱ̫壬ྪߣЩ̫ڣ񼶱𣡡
ݵµżƶϣ̫ԵֹԽĴڣЩĶûʷ֮УǵĴУкܶ
ʮ죬̫Žż̫ŽżУżѰĴҲΪ棡ȻΪԶ̫ŽżпԷĴУѾϡٵĵزҺܶȱȫʥڼʮĻУѾõ˲ٴƬ
УͰħĴУ
壬ħ壬̫ĺᣬǵʷԻޱȣڵ廹ԻʮҴڵżУȡһЩĴУ֪ͻ֮ʲôĳ˵ЩԭǵģܰסᣬְǰħĻԻͣ
컯ʥ˵˵ڳĳѪڣ
ЩҲûѹեԴУȻһ
ǵ棬ӻԻͣܲӿһɺ飬ҪְǰҫÿһˣΪԺ
һҲǰľȻ˵컯ʥģ飬ĸ䣬ϣԼĻԻͣǡ
֪һʵʩܡ
컯ʥӣܹƻġ
۰䱸Ӱ죬ħ겻Ӱ죬һʱ䶼ѪڣƺоʥϣѾǴˣ
ʱ컯ʥת壬˵̫ŽżУһʺ֮ѵûϴδ֮ʮʱ䣬Ϊʲôû̫ô
컯ʥһ䷴ʣ忡һ˵ǵȻҲй޵ĻԻͣ۷ʱ򣬲ʥͻ塣
岻ױȵѧϰھԪϵű޷󼰵ƣʮǰʧһжǴͷģ츳پˣҲΪ۽ƶΧڣͻ񡣡
ʥ֣ҲϣҪԴһЩʶʱߣǲ޶⣬ĳ˵ǵĻᣬÿκƽ٣Ⱥ۲ʥ֣ǰ۽ޣͻ񣬵ڣȴһת
컯ʥ޺ͺɫΪѿҲܱƽˡ
컯ʥһ˵Ѻڵ˵ɰ׵ģӲİʥ֣˵򿡽ͻĻᡣ
ƫƫĻȴ־ģԷ
ûȷʵȱٴеԭҲȱ˳ɾ֮
ʥⷽĻۣܱȵģƺ컯ʥ˵̫Žżʥͨʥ롣
̫Žż
΢΢ʮ죬Ϊ̾ϢϱڵĴڣϢΪڳ𣬶֪һ̫Žżڡ
컯ʥ˵ģ̫ŽżУϡĴУҲϹرһطȷʵۺ졣
磬·컯ʥӵĶϷ˵ô࣬ڳ˼˺ܴת䡣
ʱۿڵʥӵ£ĺ񣬲ôװ͸Ұɡ
۴Цſ컯ʥӣ컯ʥӵĺģĺ񣬲ôͳ
ʵϣ컯ʥӵĺģѾǰԼõˡ
۱¿ԿãȻˣҾֱ˵ˣϵݺ񣬵һ񵤣Ϊۺ٣ڶݣ崫Ƭͻ֮ΪͬʱҲƸ񣡡
컯ʥ˵ͻȻСħɡ
˵۱µ磬Դ˴ΪƸ뼧ɶС㶩飡
컯ʥȫ
һʱ䣬˶סˡ
ǵĿ⣬ˢˢļСħϡ
컯ʥӣҪСħף
һۺħʼӦôħʥͬˣѾǰ϶ˣ
һʱ䶼סˣ
ЩȻʶħǿܸʥϣҲû뵽ڽ죬ǵͬ˾ҪԶ׵ʽȷǵ棡
컯ʥҪӲĽԮľ
ЦʥӵǾ˽ܣҲʥʥʣɶȻ֮˲£˵˲ģҪħʼɶ˵˼
ƮƮ˵ţЦĿħʼСħɡ
ȴǵĻش


1764 
컯ʥ̫ˣѾزħʼܲӦ
һԣͷ
һ磬컯ʥһ˵̨
һʼ磬ƣͷóͻ֮
ɺħʼλã벻ܾɡ
ϾħĹϵԭͲôͬһ棬Դǲɱ飬ħǰһЩս
컯ʥӣҪǵ
ںһߣ޺ɫأߣռ֮΢΢ţ߶΢Ť޿ռ䷨йڽţʶŻй¶ա
˵Ŀ⣬ħʼϡ
ǶħʼյľߣĴͳܵĻ£ҪӸĸ峤֮ῡܱġ
ħʼһһɨЩ˸ɫ컯ʥӡ
ͳڵʥӵ£Խһô
Ȼԡ
컯ʥˬĴӦָᵯöͷɵħʼϡ
ħʼĿڤ񣬸֪УϸƷеķƬ֮˫ۡ
컯ʥ˵öαϹʱĲȱУ֮ܿܳ֡
ͻôףټϴбħʼ⼴õöҲֻаٷ֮һ͵ĸͻ
Ȼٷּĸʣħʼ˵Ҳ޷ܾջ
ϾΪħʼԼģ
һһٵ˵ʥӵǾ˽ܣƸѾ㹻û
˵ħʼתСħɣɶҲûɣ
仰УһɲΥƣĿ⣬Ҳǿգ˿һۣҪս
Ȼ˵ῡܵĻ£ȫƾ峤ῡûзȨȳ֮£СħΥȴҲǷǳӵ顣
ǶСħɣСħɫ΢΢԰ףүүĿֲѹ˵ĹעսȭͷҧأҪڡ
ʱһͻ
һ£
˶΢΢һ׷תͷԴ
ֻλϯ֮⣬ῡܵĵϯϣһվ
üĿò㣬һͷɫɢ׿Ⱥվֱһǹ
ˣ
һʱ䣬˶סˣǶû뵽ʱȻվҪʲô
翪ʼ컯ʥԣֳȥһﲻֱؼʱ̣ȴվ⡣
Ҿ֪ŵġ̾һ֮УΨһһ֪ȥˡ
Ը񣬲ܿԼŮ˱컯ʥӶߡ
ֻϣܹҪ컯ʥϳԿ
Ѿ¶ģΣ±¶ԼʵʵҲҪס
ٺ٣㻹겻ɢ
컯ʥӿζɫѾסһѵƣܷʲô˻
СӣҪʲô
һȻ˵ģħʼ
һ˫ĿƵĶĿ·ҪиƬ֪ԼŮ£ħʼ޲ýʬΣ磬ΡҲֻܰô
û뵽Ȼıӵʱվ
ħʼǰıȭһħʼ캣һĿѹа֮Ϣʼ糣
һ֣ڳаˡ
˵һܣ츳컯ʥ֮£Ȼ鴫
ħʼĿˣ˵Ҳʵʲô飬˵
ɶ磬ħʼǰףϣħʼǰɶ޸
ţһ˵꣬ڳ°ͶҪڵˡ
ʲôȻ컯ʥԣҲҪף
ⲻȡô
ýֺͷħʼѡ컯ʥӱȣǼֱûκοɱԡ
컯ʥӱܹħʼһɳϣֻħ
ʱħʼ𣬿ĿѾǷŭˣǸеţе֮
ҸɵƵô
ԼոնѾӦ컯ʥӣʱףΪԼᷴڣ
ʱ컯ʥӴЦһЦʰ
Ц̫ſ˶ڿ
ǺЦ̫ЦˣⱲЦЦԭҽǸϲӣûأɵСݵòѽ
컯ʥӵ䳰ȷӦƽ㻹ţףƽ֪Ц󣿡
Ļ컯ʥ÷·ɵһ
ӽˮ˰ɣʱˣ㻹˵֪˭Ц󣿾Ҳգƾʲôұȣͻ֮ΪƸʲô
컯ʥһϯ˵߶оЩȥˡ
Ƹֻܸ컯ʥӱȣͻ֮óʲôԵúᡣ
ƺβ컯ʥӼЦԼףҪҳһƣžž죬ܸ߳ôãҾ㳹ģ
컯ʥ˵תСħɣڵɶû뵽׵ʱȴиɵ֣ԸҪӰɶС飬ҺɵͬʱɶС飬֪ɶС㣬Ӧ˭
ⳡ׵ĵ޷ˣһħʼһСħɡ
ħʼѾӦˣֻҪСħٴӦǾȫûˡ
컯ʥʹõϢ֪СħѾӦԲ޿ֵСħɡ
һʱ䣬еĽתƵСħɵϡ컯ʥӺͬʱ飬һжѡ
컯ʥӲ֪Сħ֮Ĺϵħʼȴ֪΢΢üСħɵĿЩ
ɶҪ㸹еĺӣҪҪðķգϣ⺢ӻһһ컯ʥӻ֮Ĺϵ㸹еĺӣɣ
ħʼľ棬ͬһףСħɶը죡
Сħһɫ΢΢԰ס
ͬʱүүۣ˵ĹעжԼкӵв
£СħԵѹ֪
ҧݣĿ⻷ȫһһɨħʼۡ컯ʥӣ塢һɱͣգĿϣĿ·һУ̺Ŀ֮С
һƺҪԼȫעһٵĿڵ
ҡѡ֡
ֻĸ֣ûйעκԪȴĴȫеıͣһʱȫž
Сħɵѡ񣬾Ȼ
ѡ컯ʥȻһɫѿ֮


1765 ǹϻ
ѡôܣ
컯ʥԭӢӣһ˲伸ǳɫ
ô˵棬ղŰѻ˵ģȴֱӱСħɴ
֮ǰѾħʼ۹ͨ˶ʾû⣬СħѾͬ˻֮ϣڴӦףڣȻˣ
ʱڳҲ˽
СħɾȻѡô£
ħʼҲû뵽һĻ⡣
컯ʥӵѾǰ˭˭һۿƽĶۣڳ忡ǴСħɵλã¶ѡ컯ʥӣοħʼѾյ컯ʥӣСħôᵱô˵棬үү
ֻһͣǾСħɸԭ⣬֮Ѿ˽ˣ
ףСħõģ
ʶһ㣬ǵɫŹǿ컯ʥӵĿѾֻ̺ͿϷˡ
ԭ˶ΪӲҪȡ衣
ڿѾȵǣ컯ʥȴһ̨СϷһ͵ñӡ
ЩζĿ⣬컯ʥӸоԼķζըˣ
һ緢ʱܹ裿
ħʼ̵ĺŮ
컯ʥӿħʼ
ħʼʱҲ־ŭСħɣ۾бŷɭɱ
һ磬Сħɵѡ޴棡
ТŮã
ŭħʼ˫ĿѪ죬ͻȻ̧֣һСħ˹ȥ
һȳڷħʼȻôСħɣһƴȥҲСħһƤ
һĻһҪأȴʱ֣ħʼ»ħʼԻشԼұŭ״̬µħʼҪԼûܡ
ֻôĿţСħҧ촽Ѿ˫ۡ
ħʼİҪСħϵһɲǣһ͵ͬ˿һħʼϣһƣҲ䲻ȥˡ

Ϲ˿Ȼħʼһתͷֵˣ
ֻ֣һɫ˸λùâ˿ħʼϣ˷ֲǵһ⣬һ
ħʼŭΡ
ң
ԣ㡭壬վħʼ
ȻҲоСħɣʵǺݺݵĳħʼħʼŭ޿ɺǡ
Ȼʼվһۺ֧
ʶȻƽȴǿơ
ʵΣ
㡭
ħʼоԼѪҺֱ飬ԭܻͱˣǣԼֱһ˿ţѲ˿֮Уƺ̺һɵ֮ͨסԼ֣֮Ȼ͸Լľ֮·ǧɫĸ룬ֻҪһ֮ʹʹ
ΡѾزˣ
ħʼо΢΢ߺٿεʱѾ侲
£һЩˣʲôȨħʼ칬ļ£
ħʼ칬ļ£Ȼ棬ֻǡ컯ʥףȻӦʣףȴŭĿӣСħѡ֮󣬱̱֣ҪСħɶ⣬Ǿˣ
ֱģڳռ˶εĻҲоħʼȷʵ̫۸ˡ
ħʼЦΣ֪ʲô޷ǲ뿴ħʥϣ뷽跨Ҫƻǵããħʼһ޵ľǱ˲ֶεǿĳ£Խǿĳ£ԽԸ
ҽ˸㣡ħʥˣҽᶨˣ£Ҳ˵㣬Ůڸĸߣ쾭壬õȥ˵վҵҪǽ죬ܽŮ°˲ɣ
ħʼⷬ˺ԭ棬ħ廹ʥ壬û˵飬ػص̸ϾҪ˼ڳߵĸܣڣħʼȴ˵棬Ҫʥˣʱ͵ɫѿ֮
ü΢鷢չһľѾ޷ʰ
ܶ˶оͻȻף컯ʥԵʵ̫ǷˣȻ컯ʥӵ컯ʥӴһñӣˣܸıʲôأ
ħʼķӼᶨƵĵʥһ
ǿҲСħɡ
һСħɻҪ޸ʥӣΪ飬Сħպħ壬ʥ壬ܵ⵽컯ʥӵŰ
뵽Щܶ˿о̫ᣬѾﻢ£ճ
ʱˮŭħʼͻȻ˵ħʼǰҾǰʼϣҲҪôߡЩ飬ǶԸ⹫˵أ
һ˵ڳ߶Ǿˡ
һСȻôһ˵ԷҪôߣⲻô
ȻǣħʼȻѾŭڣȻûзԹĿⶢһﲻ
Ȼ֪˵ġЩ顱ʵСħɻе¡
ع컯ʥӣܵߣֱӷȥ
ʱħʥˣ¾Ҫˡ
һ仰ֱҪ
ڣħʼ벻ô֪Сħɻе飬֮ǰѾСħɵӡ룬ףСħɻᵹ꣬붼ǰõģ
ħʼֱСˣ˵ĸо
СӣӦòóȻɶڡ
ħʼЩ飬ұƵ̫ˣһƣħʼ𲻵ҪʧȥʥˣҲʧȥСħɣպȻͬС
ô£ħʼȻˣץסʲôѱ
ֲ²⡣
ʱ컯ʥӸоԼĳӶҪŤһˣ֪ħʼڴʲôգоʱһɵơ
ýҲûʲô˼ˡ
㵽ɹǻᱻῡܳЦ
Ҽסˣʮսһöȫܣֻʣʮңˣúʱɣ
컯ʥÿһĿ⿴̺żȵţ·ʮ֮ɱһֻһ
ʱ򣬽һĻȴ컯ʥӳסˡ
ĿĬĬĳֽеķѪǹǹɭˣ
ֳַѪǹǹֱָ컯ʥӣƣһεɢ·һ̣һ˾ǹâ⣡
һһٵ˵ȻҪսαصȰ֮󣬲ͽɣ
ʲô
һȫͣԼĶ䡣


1766 Ƹ
ųϣСħɣСħӦ׵ģȻҪԼս컯ʥӣ
㡭
һʼе仰Ҳһͣƽˣ
Ҳ׷׶ݣһо㵡
ĿУڵֻǸʮǰ컯ʥӵľ磬ʮʱڣ컯ʥʵͻͽڹϣͻơ컯񹦡أΪҲﵽʥڣ
ô˵컯ʥҲʥһһˣ
֮ǰǶΪ컯ʥӵ츳޼£컯ʥôʥڣ벽ʥܣ
˵Ļ컯ʥӵžͳһЦˣ
ϣڳЩֻǵһμ棬ĸ˰ΣҲޱȹעκʧ
˵ʲôҪսң
컯ʥӲŵĿһ̶սⷶˡ
Ȼڰ֮ڻδڰ벽ʥʱ򣬿Խһ󾳽һС磬սʥڵԼ
ңԼк飡
ô
ʺķѪǹ컯ʥͻȻЦˣЦú̡ܲ
ЦݣͬҰ޿ɿڵĻʳһ㡣
ǲ֪ȻҪҾͳȫ㣡һնȫһֻһһŲ
컯ʥ˵䣬ȻղţΪ̣뷢йˣײ֮á
ܵ컯ʥӵɱǷһ˿ЦɱңҲɱ㣬ϧһ㣬Ҳɱ㣡
֮ϣɱ컯ʥӡ
컯ʥӰˣʥ嶥Ҳ֡
ҿ컯ʥϻƣػ߸ɴĽָռ֮Увֹһʱ
컯ʥʣô컯ʥӴźĴߣ糡ϣڳϳ֣ܰ컯ʥˣ
ǰ㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ҫ򣬹ħ壡
ȫ仰컯ʥӵļӣŭɶ˵ѾԶ컯ʥƵġ
̫ˣΪ˭
ӱ¿ˣʥӵɱֻʵ
⼸ӣгһ޵ſô
컯ʥӿͻȻ˼Ц֮ǰ֣ôͻȻӳ磬Ҵԭǹǽ·ߣһս֮ǰĶ飿룬ˣͷⳡǰɣ
ҿǷˣҴӦΣϧƾʵӦҲǰ˵ʮ֮㻹еȤҲֻеȤڵ㣬ͬ߹
컯ʥԽԽǿ
ȻһսȻսȻҪжעҵҪĺ飬Ǿ㽫òΣҲòˣ
ȼıȻر˵ֻҪ컯ʥһͻᱻջأôҰѺ컯ʥļֵҪ컯ʥӵҪö࣡
Լͨսʤ컯ʥӵķʽ͵õ飬δҲ̫쿪ˣ
飬컯ʥüͷһ壬û˵
֪ǹ⼤Լ¹ش󣬲ô϶ԼӮҲ͸¶غİʥֱˣ
컯ʥӳĬֵӮˣҲҪȡ뼧ɶңҪóһʺĳɾ֮
ʨӿڣͻȻ׳һ
׳ڳΪ֮ݣ

һĿ⣬˸֮ɫ
֪Ҫʺĳɾ֮ΪԼΪġ
컯ʥ֮ǰѾʾֻҪͶʥ壬ͿԵõͻ֮
˵Ǽջ
°ڣҲЩᶯģһģͻĲȡ
ڣ˵ֻҪԼӮˣҪ컯ʥóһʺ߽֮컯ʥӵı
ȻһеǰӮ
뵽˵ʲôоֻǸ󱲶ѣ̫ˣ
ôǰȴҪȥһͻ֮
컯ʥЦʥʺͻķ٣֪һὫִдô
ִУ컯ʥԼòЯҲ
Ц򷵻ʥ첻һ׵飬̾Ϣ֮ڵ϶ҪһۣȻѾ⣬Ҫͻ֮ƻڲŽᣬôܲЯһ״УøͶϵɣ
Ϭͱˡ
컯ʥӿĿͻȻԭֻΪǹǽΪһŮ˶һУڿͼı󣬾Ȼսͼƻ߽ļƻ
ãããҵС㣡ͻ֮ȷʵУòΪһװóЩɣȻҲó㶼ܵõҲóǿ۵ĶҶԶģô
컯ʥĿƣһͷҰޡ
Ȼ϶Ҳװǡ
컯ʥӵĻǵĿⶼȥҪôණԼòԵȵı컯ʥӸûҪӦ
컯ʥӵǣһӵ顣
ĳݣȴѾעˣϣ޷컯ʥȣ֮ǰ컯ʥӷòʱͲĬˡ
ȻԶģȻҪóԵȵı
˵䣬ĬĬĴֽгһ˺ɫǹǹɭɭɱ⣬ûаֵʱΧķΪ֮ŤһɲԹšϢɢ
ǰǹ
ǹδ·˵ʥ٣·һתʹõ
ǡ
컯ʥߵĶʥ𿴵ʥ˲ɴ۾
鱦
һ仰ѿڶ۽磬ڳģʶ̫Žżгĸֱ
ûһܹǰ˺ɫǹ
Դﵽ˶鱦ļǷܳҲֲ壬ΪѾ۽ļˡ
鱦
ڳ컯ʥӵǣһɴ۾鱦Ҳֻ۷ǿܹ־ǿߣ̫ʱҲǷëǵĴڡ
Щ鱦ڵģ
˺ɫǹֵ;Ҫһͨ񹦷ˣ
ĲŰǹǹˣóǹѾƸۣƴ
컯ʥӣóʲôĹһЩȱ񹦷ɣνҲ̫ˣһСȲô
컯ʥӣͱˡ


1767 絤
㡭
컯ʥһôû뵽Ȼóı
һ˵ͬȼ鱦ļֵҪȴеļֵһ㡣
ǼܲסóǶ鱦컯ʥóģȴǲȱͨ񴫳С
һһ⣬ʹˡ
ֽ䣬컯ʥӼԸóһ׽񴫳С
ִУ컯ʥҲΪࡣ
Ը֪̽ȥɨһ״еݣ·ֱ⹦α
ϰ޷ѾԽ񹦷ļĹף񹦷Ʒǳܱȵġ
ݷľ̶ȿǿжϳ컯ʥóģһнϵͼĹʤ
̽Ҳ׷̽飬۶̲סģø֪̽һ
֮⣬δӴһʱ䣬ĶЩɬ
еƫµ񹦷ʹҵİǹ̵˵һ仰˵ȴڳһô⹦ļģ
Ű벽ʥȻͨ񹦷ľ磿
ҿ컯ʥӺʥ嶥ͬԾɫжϲ޴
ߣҾóĹΣܵõ
컯ʥӷţǷ̹̣óıＶôʼɫҲסӳһƬһöҩ
εĹ͸ˣʵϣ컯ʥҲֻô幦СƷһ㣬ҵڶײȱĸ
öҩƷʻһöӽ񼶵鵤
絤Ȼ񵤣ƷѾӽʥʱƣԭͻƽʹáֵҩϡֵ֮ñһײȱ񹦷Ƭ
컯ʥӲ˵ɨǵҩһۣдϲȻ컯ʥƵĵҩҲļƷҩ
ջ񣡡
ţʵ񹦷Ʒ⡣
ֻҪ񹦷Ʒߵͣڵʥ塣
͹ˡ
ָ֪񹦷ͻƹֿͬȴʵΪԭͻĸʾ͵͵ĿҾͻҲҪ֮ɡ
δ٣ûʲô
ջظ֪ĵĵӰ˵ļǿˡ
һ仰컯ʥƵѪ
оܱԼóֱаڻ᲻óԵľ絤ȻáӰˡݡ
ƽĶۣ˲֪Ūǹȷʵ
ʱתħʼ
ҲٿˣΪҲûãħʼ컯ʥѾӦˣӮⳡսҪɶ
Ǹ컯ʥӶĶħʼ𲻴ӦҲǰ״
ħʼЦΪӮЦ
Ȼ϶ҲӮôӦкη
ħʼмҲΪκӮĿܣҲϲ˰ţοһСҺα㣡
ôԼĵһڹճǰգγһͶӰ
ͶӰ֮Уһö˶ĺڵǱ棬ƣع׾
͸ǣȥڵ֮пһ׳Сϵɢ纣Ϣ
ǡħʼˣ
ҲޣҲǷëǣ޾͸ˣ
ħʼû뵽ȻͻȻóһ
ѵõǣö緢üãһһɳ죬Ϊһͷǿ
Сӣô౦
Ƕ鱦ЩħʼûУ
ڳ˽ܣǿˣ»һֱȫң֪ж٣
ˣǣ
ҧ˵ǺǰУԲ䣡
㵹ã
ħʼĿƣóöʵѾѪһǶʵмİħ壬ʧ
עһѵӮ컯ʥӣ
ħʼлͷǾòܡ
ãӮɶͬʱһɶϾϵ
ħʼ˵ˮ©һ򲽽ӮôСħҲûʲôʧˡ
£Ѿ쵽˼㣡
죬ֲϵĲ㣡
ڴ֮ʲôãʥɱҲף
ȵٽ٣̲Ҳվһգƾһ֮ת죡
ǸʱСħɸħʼҲȫˡ
ħʼΪԼڴѡ󣬶òʧܵĺĻСħҲؽħ壬ȥ
ħʼСħɶϾϵΪħСħɻޣպڴ֮Уи·
Լѡ󣬶ϾϵҲܱСħɡ
Сħ΢΢һĬ
ҲҪɶӮˣһһ֡
Сħɻɱʱ򣬵õ˲֮
øСħɣСħȴҪΪͻƵǵĵ˫ʱҪѡֱԴΪ˵ʵȻǻֺԴ
Сħɱ뽫֮ͻ˫ãȴܾˡ
̫Ҳҵ֮ͬƷʵԴ֮ԡ
Сħɺ֪ħʼ칬һöΪ׼Ļ֣ÿͻ˫á
ڣȻ˳ˡ
ħʼ΢΢üȴûзԣԭ־ҪСħɣȻСħޱϿôΪħ壬ڱ֤ħĻϣҲȻϣŮܹøá
ԣħʼֱӴӦ
һת컯ʥӣˣе鶼źˣʣµģΨսѣ


1768 Ѫ
컯ʥӵһսǶԼһУ
ӮһƬδҲΪȡһ˿Ϣ֮
䣬ǹʧȥСħɣۣԳܲ
컯ʥӵʵʵǶ٣Ҳ޷ȫ
Ҫս컯ʥӣȵԼսޣʮþȣΪСħɵĹϵòһսǰ
ھͽ֣Ҳ֪컯ʥӻʲôƣ֪컯񹦡ʲôĹ
ʶһսȫǹעһƸۣ
ͬ컯ʥҲȫ˽ɱСħɶȫ
治֪
컯ʥӶİǹǹޱۺ죬ֻҪӮǹˣ
鱦ϣһ鱦˵ӵˣֻѡ
Ҫͱ
컯ʥ˵䣬һֱӷɳ˴

գۼ䣬ͳ֮⣬ɰƬ޵֮ϵԭʼϿա
ɽ룬죡
Ƭλе磬ǿ߿ٳĹżڲռǧһȶƾ컯ʥô򣬶ڴ
컯ʥῡܣۡħʼҲĸ
Ƕڹעһս
֮⣬ԭغڵϵһӣͽͽǿе˶ɳ컯ʥնź󣬶סˡ
ô£ô컯ʥҪˣ
ǻӦֻϡһ죬컯ʥӴֽаγһؽؽں޹⣬һ˶ߣޱȡ
ؽĽûпУ𣬿УѾνˡ
ؽڳһǡ
컯ʥӵԲİǹҲһ鱦Ҫǿ࣡
鱦鱦бȽϵײġ
ĵĿڣĻһԭǾ͸о컯ʥӣָİǹֲܹһЩ࣬컯ʥҲó鱦
컯ʥЦҾͨҲõˣǹõˣǹˣ
Ȼſ񣬵Ǿûеģ޴װ׸ԼͱľأǾеƣҲʮģ
ʱϣȴޱһĻ
ֻȻ˰ǹٶȡ˷ѪǹԷѪǹ컯ʥӣ
һĻڳߵɴ۾
ǸʲôʱˣѵҪʵ
Ѫǹֻ鱦ʮǿο鱦˵ᱻ컯ʥһնϣ
СӸʲô
Ѿܻˡ
ȴΪԷѪǹս컯ʥӡ
ڽİǹʹĵ÷ɿ죬ɱʱʹðǹȫһΣͼڽ
㣬õ顷ڶֿʱ䣬޷ͻͽ޷Ԧǹܹǿٷ֮Ҳս˰Ȼʱó
ܿͻľʱܻ컯ʥӣȴľֻаܱˡ
ͬһĳܣͳ̣Ͳˣֻеĳ̲һʤ
ʱ컯ʥҲ뵽ǹԭЦˣж鱦ǲ٣޷ʹҾ˵е޷ؽҲֻͻơ컯񹦡֮󣬲ǿ޷ؽʮ֮һѣ޷ؽֻǴһ鱦İǹȴǶ鱦֪ҪĶôõˣ
컯ʥһͬһˮֱӰѺ𽽵ȫ
ڳҲȻһǻָǹЧԭǹпã޷Ԧ
⻹ʲô
ѵǴ÷ѪǹԿ컯ʥӵ鱦ôⲻѻʯô
컯ʥӣſ񣬡ұЩɵǹ̺ʲôս֮࣬ǹòˣôҴɣ
컯ʥ˵䣬ȻȫԪͬ޾ɫһӭѪĽ޷ֱӡ
һͷɢһ˫ŷҰĹâ
ؽǧɵĺɫָ죬Ǹʵɽͣľȫ⽣âϯһʱ䣬ʯɽľ׷ɣ
ĽâῡסֻоԼʮ룬ҲҪֲѹ顣
һĽ֣ºܶʮҲ磡
һɫأڲܶðǹ£Ķ̴濹⣡
屩ˣа֮ȫ׻֮£һɲçۻȫΧˣ
ĺһ塣
꣡
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͵緢ת˲䱩˰֮ɽݣ֪ٲľ˵Ŀ֮£ɷɻң
컯ʥĺɫâ·һħκУ᳹𣬲¶ۼľ龰ڳῡܶ亹乡
ǾǺɫâ֮Уմһ㣬¶Ҫҷˡ
ʱֻ¡һ죬ɫâȫɢ
ֳַѪǹаȻ
ˣ컯ʥӵĵһȴԵУǱâͳĹж컯ʥӵĽâܵʵֻһС֡
𿪿˵һУ컯ʥڵսѾĿˣ˵ǰγһµĺ蹵蹵֮Уеһж
컯ʥӵĽâɵĿºۼ
ڳ𣬶һѺȻһûгԿվû컯ʥײ﷢顣
٣ֻô
컯ʥֳֺɫؽսһ㻺ĳϣĿ
޷ҵ湥λսҴ򣬲棬һܣ鱦ĵñ죬ƳҲԴҵʵ̵Ǵþϧ㴿ΣһΣҾ޴ӣ
컯ʥ˵䣬Χ͵ϯ磬Ǵ֮Уÿռ֮˲ı
͵죬컯ʥڵĿռ䣬ͬһ㱻ˡ
οôӣ
컯ʥЦٶȳĹУƬռҲȻ
Ȼͻⷽͻһ˲䣬Ҳᱻ컯ʥ׷ϡ
ɣҪǹ㱾ˣһ
컯ʥӵֱкڽգ


1769 컯
գأããɫ·Ҫⷽռĸն֧һ㣡
ƺƴһֻо·ĩ٣綼Ҫˡ
ֳַѪǹһɳǹˣƽһĽ֮ţ
Ѫǹֻһ鱦ԵֻǷӳʮ֮һ鱦Ҳʵ̫ǿˡ
ˣסǹô컯ʥӣ
ƫƫǹ޷ʹãһϯصĿֲУѪǹܿܶϳأ
أ
Ѫǹҵ˲ظ
ɫ΢䣬ڴڼȵƣһʼȷʵλսĲԣ컯ʥӵ
Ȼ컯ʥȴᣬһзգӦУ
컯ʥӣΪֹǿ֣
ˣ
ѪǹԽԽңۿѾ֧ŲסһѪǹûֽ֮Уһ̣гһǹһͨɫĳǹ˸ųĿĽâ
ǹΪϽǹ¿ĳ˶ʮڻֵۣ򵽵鱦ʱ¿һѡ
¿ɱǹ׻ϡ
ƷϽǹȻԶ컯ʥӵĺɫ񽣣ȻҪȷѪǹ̺ܶ࣬ٲڽâ۶ϡ
꣡
ϽǹɫâҵײƬƬĽ⣬ɫâɡ
ڽڰˣ컯ʥһֱն׼
ž
ֱײ˿ռϱϣ
컯ʥֱ˶ȫԪͬһȼգͷڷɢս
ĿϬ񽣣ȫ纣Ѫֱ̣Ǻӣ
ѹˣ
龰𼸺ͣͣ컯ʥ̫ǿˣϵѪֱ֮׷ޣ޷ƥУ
Ȼóһ鱦ĳǹǹƷ鱦ҲٮٮߣԿ컯ʥӣɲ˺ܶࡣ
ѾƵռϱˣֻӲĳ컯ʥӵһ
鱦ԶҵĶ֣ο鱦òն׼
컯ʥЦڿȫһϣһ֮󣬶ȻҪȫϣ飡
컯ʥһͫһ̣ľ֮Уɫֱ̳עϽǹǹ֮С
ɼı̻ս飡
սעֲƷĲ㡣
һɲǣа֮£󣬸ֳһçĹӰڲ죬Ʊա
һеĺڹ⣬ҫڹ֮ϣҲڵ͸
еۣǰγɾ޴Уһǹ̳ϯա
ڰ㣡
¡
ֲľ죬컯ʥ֮䱬˳ôݣԶ֮ĺ󣬶죬˺Х
ֳϽǹʵʵ컯ʥײһ
ǹԽУ޻ڣ
ȫѪţһһ¡ǵĿռϱڣѹˣ
ʲô
컯ʥôҲû뵽Ȼ浲Լһ
Ȼ˵컯ʥӻûжȫʵҲûʹ컯񹦡ӡ֮УʩչҲƥеġ
ѷԼ
컯ʥӵĽâȻֲȴˣֻǰ벽ʥΪ
һῡۿһս˵츳죬գȴǵһ
һâῡܣֱөһˣֲս컯ʥӡ
԰벽ʥս컯ʥʥڣһǶΪ»ܿܣν֣ȴûռԵ·硣
ƾһ㣬԰
Ħ£ڸʲôϽܣһսռΪƣӮó׵ףҲҪģ͵ˣûЩıôǵϣ˲𷴿
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컯ʥһʥʥӣʥΪһʥߣϵôãǸ˵ȥ
һ̣컯ʥӵϢȫ
ƵĶҳϵ͹㣬ʵҵ󣬲ɸı䲻ʲô㻹ǻܵ
컯ʥ˵䣬ȫԪȻ˽ɫ·һֽ컯ʥӵȼա
컯ʥԪɫĸı䣬˵ϢҲ˷츲صı仯
ǡ
ڳܶǸ֪֮ˣǲ컯ʥһƺĳɱ䣬ʵȻһء
ǡ컯񹦡ǰ컯ʥӻʱ򣬾õֽɫԪ
ڳ֮УԹۿ컯ʥӺ֮ĶԾԡ컯񹦡ӡΪ̡
ó컯񹦡컯ʥӣͨ״̬µ컯ʥӣȫο컯ʥӻͻˡ컯񹦡أ
Сġ컯񹦡ƺһϵȣ񹦷
Ĵصߡ
ԼʶҲޣֲ塶컯񹦡׼ȷ
Ļ΢΢һͣϵ񹦷
֪컯ʥʵʲô𣬵Ǻʵһǣʥô̫Žż֮Ӧõõ˲ϡĴС
ʥĵʵ̫ˣǵʹдδϾܱġ
£컯ʥûдﵽϵ񾳵أȴӵϵ񹦷Ҳ֡
һġ󷨡Ҳ컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡
ţɫء
ʱͻȻ·ܵһεٻȫʼ컯ʥӻ۶
Ԫһ֮
ߡ¶ȡ΢СӣʯˮһеһУ컯ʥӻ۶
ս֮⣬Զĵط
ľʼЩ׷Ҷ価ɻɿľ
ּϪҲɣ¶˸ɱĺӴ
ָо˾һˣЩɢľȫ컯ʥա
ɭȫ֮һֻֻ񣬾𣬿겻ּޣҲĴӣƺʲôΪ־顣
𽥿ήɭַֻƬ֮ǾȻһҽű廯һѪ
ЩѪҲ컯ʥӻ۶
ָоǣ컯ʥӳһȫ׳
ѾܱΪԪˣ컯֮
컯񹦡֮컯ν컯ȻҲǴǧ磬֮жܺͣ
һˣ컯ô磬ʧȥ
һףΪԵĹ
ʩչֱһǧ磡


1770 컯֮
컯񹦡ǡ컯񹦡
ڳ𣬺һῡܣ컯֮컯ʥӣ𺳡
Щۼ컯񹦡޼ǲ֪컯񹦡ȴûм
˵ʥǿĹ
˵Уʥʼ洴죬־ʥ弸Ĳ䡢ƣڵġ컯񹦡ѾʥĺĴС
Ҫ֪컯ʥڵҲǿ񼣵Ľǡ컯񹦡ܼȡǡ컯񹦡İԵ֮
⡶컯񹦡һʩչͻһռеһ컯񹦡ݲ
ʩչʵԽߣĳ̶ȾԽֲ˵Ϲʱд磬Ϊʥʼսɱ֮޾ŵĻĮֱȥʮʱ䣬δȫָ
컯ʥӣóˡ컯񹦡
ÿµġ컯񹦡һ˭Ķ֣컯ʥӻʱʵûôǿ
˵ţͷ߳亹
񹦷ƥУ
º֪ڷ̨ϣõĴСķ̨ʵֻϹŷ̨ĲƬѣ޵ġ󷨡Ȼȱʧ
Ҽġ󷨡ҲȲʥʮʱƵġ컯񹦡
ƫƫȫ£һսʵڹϵش
ȫҲ˵غСħɺħ壬һҰܣǺ룬˵ħΣˣΪشۣӰ쵽δķչ
ʧнδֲ
𣬶ĬĬĿ
ʱӿ컯ֳֽ֮ɫǹ
𣬴ԣ
Ӱͬǹһͦñֱȴֱ֪ͦļϣ̫̫࣡
һսغҺƣغڴ˴δ֮УǷܼѵһ˿Ϣ֮
һ˿˿ܣܹӮⳡսǻƣѹԽԽͬҹĴУϣ֮
һƬ壬̫һʤˣ
ܶߣ𣬶ѾǴ׸ĸо

ھսʮԶ֮УһĬȻ
Щĸʲôأ
ͨ鱦ġ䡷ԪĻԪ⣬زȱġ󷨡
غսʵҪ㣬Զ컯ʥȣɳĵĸԴ͸컯ʥر
컯ʥӣк飡
״̬£ҪһܵʤһСڼûôԴ£ҪһΣ
ĬĬĿս˵ĸо
ʱ컯ʥӣѾ۷壡
ͷѾ˴ɫȫ⣬ͬһȼյ
ʩչ컯񹦡ңǿս״̬ҵҪôս컯ʥſͬʱȫԪעУΧռٶȱγĶռ䡣
ء
컯ʥӺɫ֮ϣޱȵ
ƺҴ֮ǲ֪ΪΣ˵ĶУȴ˺ѷεʹУЩΪߣоҪԼǻʿڳһѹ¡
ޣ
УͻȻ˵
һ˥ȥ֮ᷢΪ߸Գܡ
ǡ컯񹦡ನ컯֮һƽ
ʱ컯ʥӳˣƲһȼƽĺɫؽ֮ͬ磡
ﵽµʱƷʵһЩ鱦ȫƿ
Ҷ컯Ҳܶ컯ն컯ˣɱѪҿǸǹô
컯ʥȫɱ֮ޱߵɱźɫâһ
һ̣˵Ķˡ
һȫа֮£ȫѪ̣ͬ˻γ˲çӰ
ͬʱоſŴǸ֣ſǳ̺֮ããǹⴹ£ͬ˿˿Уڣȫۼϸ췣
ĵǣδµļ£͸֧Ǳܣ
ȫӿʱֺ֮ϣֱγ̡
ֵ̳ɺڻɫƺ̺ǧʹħ꣬ޱȣħɣ
ϣֳһɫ̣̣ⷽȥһ޾У֮ȫûħɭȻֲĸоµͷС
ħ֣ǡ顷صһ֮֡Ԫֻ̡
ħ֣Ծġ顷һɵģȴǶꡣ
Ԫֻ̣Ծġ顷ɵģȴԪͷ塣
Ԫġ顷޳֮ɵģǾԪѪ
顷ǹǱ˴ศɡ
ȱʧ˵ġ顷ֻʩչ֣֮ȻԶֺ赣ȴҲ㹻ˡ
̼ʱҲ֮кƺƶ
һʮ죬
޷صʱһ޷ݵĲԹ֮ɢķƣգ
Ĵ컯֮磬ˡ
ԭЩеĪʹĵͼߣҲࡣ
ǡ
о㵣ǲ֪õʲôֱܷʱʩչĸ߶ȣﵽ˲˼ľأ
жϣ̣Ѿ컯ʥӵĺɫâײһ
¡
ɫ죬ձڿµ籩֮£ԭɳĮĴأ˺ѣһУֻʣǿµĻ
Ȼĩհķ籩֮Уʩչ̣ȴͬޱȵʯɺ
ƾ컯֮ϴĿͬ޳ֳ֣֮Կ˫ص߰ڽĿ¾߶ǣи
꣡
컯֮ɵĽâϵ˺ѣ񣬿µѹȫǽڱ죬һ¡𣬾ѣ
Ȼ֣֮ɱһս
ƴﵽ۷ʱֻһֱĿֲ𣬷·綼ᴩ컯ʥӵĻ۶ɵ컯նˡ
һ̣â飬ȫѪڣֱȾѪ
͸֧ܵɱȻļ
컯ʥӵģͬС
Ȼ̧ͷ컯ʥӣĿ绮ҹյ磬ǡ컯񹦡һ컯֮㻹ʲôֶΣһʹɣ
Ȼƣȴһ޷ݵһʱ䣬ڳߣῡܣȫž


1771 ɫɳ
ХɳƬգŻҵ
Щ޷֮Ҳ컯ʥӷġ컯񹦡
˵£ԭɽ룬ïʢޱߵɭ֣ѾһƬɳĮɳĮ֮ϣдƬƬӣб컯ʥһնĿԨǧ߼ʣ
¡¡
ž޴΢΢컯ʥԨͷп͵ĺХӿ
ΪԨһֱ˺֮У˿ӿĺ
ˮ޾忪޾Ļɳһӵȥ
ȳ棬߶޷
컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡ʵڿֲˣɱסˣ
񼶵Ĺƾʲôܵ
ħῡܣѾȫסˣῡܣƬ֮еսѪƺղһο͵ײȼˣ
忡ܣһսʥʥӣڹԷ£ƴɱƾУ
׼Сǲͬڳһۣӱ˴˵У˼Ȳŵ顣
ǵķսľ棬Ϊ컯ʥӣ۸컯ʥҲޱʵ
ټĲ࣬˵ԡ컯񹦡޷濹⡣
ǽȴϣ
ҡûá󷨡Ҳζţọֵ́ܿǱȡ󷨡Ĺ
ֹƺһֶķ·ĻԵô
𺳣˽ܵĳɳŷҫ۵Ĺâ·Ҳ⡣
ںóֹ컯񹦡һ㣬Ҳѿ컯ʥӲǡ
ˣֱ۾ѾжദѣҸղóʽƺǣԴ
һ˵Ժиֳղųĺƺǹ⡣
ǹ⣬һޱĸо
ƺҲһֶķ
˵Ļղ͵ó׶
ǹ⡭
Ż䣬ʶʲôͻȻһ˵ƺͻ˵ǣſǳ۵Ҳζ
ڳĶĤʧҲδʶֻǲ²⡣
һʱ䣬ȫסˣǣ
ôܣ
Ǳ֮Դʮǰ֮ѾûǣݴԪ˵ǣǽ˺
ѵõ˺飡
иǿѿڶǻճߣȴǰ𣬶תͷùŹֵԼ
ǿһͣڨڨ֮ɫԼǴˣ鲻컯ʥӵô
Ҫǵõ˺飬ѵ컯ʥӺ컯ʥʶɵӣһٻҫ
Ҳ˵ûк£ӲĿʵʵ˾㤣
ͻ˵ǣĻܹ컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡һͣΪ֮Ϊư벽ʥټ巽棬ȴѾ˰벽ʥĽޣ
ĻһϢ͵õ֤ʵ
컯ʥƵĿĿоɲǡ㾹Ȼ
컯ʥӣʥ伮пǵļأϾҲһ֣Ȼʺʥʥ伮洢̫࣬ʮеʮһлٵ¼
˵̣ĹȴʥмظΪʵ컯ʥӣϳ˵ǡ
ͻƵǣе˼ͬʱҲеһ˿־壬ֱ£Ȼƾһ֮ӲĴ
ԭͻ˵ǣֲѹעҶĶʵΪʵѾֹ벽ʥҲȫӮң
컯ʥҧ˵
ԭһֱѹ֮ǰûó컯񹦡Ǻó컯񹦡컯ʥӶÿһע˿ֲҪ̷ֳʤ˲֤Լǿ֮Ĳࡣ
Ǻ컯ʥӷ֣ǳǿȻʼձԼѹƣȴͬеľһ㣬ѹ
ѹѾǺѵ飬սϳѰ
ܼÿһжעȫ̫Ҫ侲
˿컯ʥѾȫ֮ģԹٶȣǿȵĳ־սԼԼḻľʤ
֮ǰҲܴǣһ˿ԴԼĹɣ
¡
컯ʥУ컯֮ٶ
Щ컯֮컯ʥӵԪעΧգһʱ䣬컯ʥӵĺɫΧʼĿռ䷨ռ䷨ڳһ
о仰УĲǵǿռ䡣
ռ֮иһУ
ԭ컯ʥӵؽûпУȻɾ޴󣬵ǱϾһ˿񣬵컯ʥԵĿռ䷨ΪУȴֲһȱ̶ȣһǿ
ݣ
컯ʥӵӰһɫֱ߳
ٶȣһ⣬쵽˸Ρ
޴޷ؽ컯ʥӷĻ裬񱩵Ԫ컯֮γ˾޴ķ籩ϯء
ɳȫ֮γһеɳꡣ
ֻһ˲䣬컯ʥӾͳ˼ʮ
ٶʵ죬Ǳˣ컯ʥӻ鱦
ٶȣ
ͫٶȴǹעڣӰʼֳֽɫǹɿռСƤ컯֮ͬʱҲֵ컯ʥĳ
ǣ
޷ؽĽɫǹҵײÿһײֱ۾
ǿ͵ķɳע컯ʥӵ컯֮󣬶ĺɿռγ˾޴ѹ
˶ˣ
ڷɳɱٶ̫죬ֻģĲӰ
սˣῡܣǵ۾Ѿȫ컯ʥӺٶˡ
ֻڷɳ֮дĿײ֮ͬ޾һ㣬񾪲
ҵײÿһϢĶޱȿֲͨܣܿ챻˸ɣ
ǿĽɫɳԻãʵҲʵķɳʵһУᱻǽɳʬ޴棡

ڽɫɳ֮⣬Сħ˫һ޳ʮָĶţѾȫǺˮˣ
ΪȫɫɳΣ
ÿһ컯ʥײֱѹһ˿Ѫ
ײеСħɿ˫΢죬ˮˡ
ھСħɲԶħʼŮ̬У˵ĸо
ܣϣӮȻô
оĳʼգⳡս컯ʥռϷ磬ѹڷɳеļսҲ컯ʥ
ǹҵ̶ֳȣصһҲʡ˶


1772 ֮
Ȼļ󣬵컯ʥӵҲС
һδεײУȻ˫ȾѪо飬ȴӲƾԼµĻָһһĻָܴľ
Ҳʹһֱûаǿ˵
ݣ
춯صһն޾ɳһƺն֧춼Ҫ
춼һһ޾Ԩֱӳ뺣У
ɫеĺ󣬲֪ڿµѹ֮£ӿĺͳˢԨ
ƬƬ̮޾ɳ뺣У
컯ʥӵһȻԲǧͬһСǵĺһΪ
ɳžȴǰδеĽš
컯ʥɫ죬١
Ϣȴǰ߰Ѫ
ֱ۾Ѿأ
еĽɫǹ沼Ľۣ
Щۺǳˣɫǹ鱦ϹıǼˣȻôལۣɼ컯ʥӵĹжǿ
컯ʥƺռϷ磬ʵϣһЩȴ鲢ˡ
ǿȣĲ컯ʥӲ١
һ𺳵˵
ԭΪϾߣΪֵͣ컯ʥӵ͹мֲ˶ãʵϣƾµԣ֧סˣ
ģռȻ
컯ʥʼնڻ鱦컯ʥӵļ󣬶ʹõֻ鱦ض࣬ƴһˣҲҪԼܡ
ٶȣҪ컯ʥ
ң֮ǰǣѾǣԴڳȴ֣ԴȻڻȼգȴû٣
š
ĵ˵Ѿʧ˹ڵǵļأǰŶݼ׵Ĵлڡ
ǰŶݼмΪҪһţԴѪĻָΪһеĿǴ½ʵĻ
սڻתٴȥĻƺҪռϷˣ
òŵ¶˽ۣһȫĽ
컯ʥӺ֮ľսһ˵ĳܱһֱ컯ʥӵĺ棬컯ʥȡ
컯ʥǿҲǿȴʼձ컯ʥֻһ㡣
ȴڰлʱ̣Խ컯ʥӣ
ܽ컯ʥӱƵֵز˵ϡ
Ħ£㻹ԥʲô
ʱ컯ʥӶʥ̺ŭԪ
սڣѾͷˣʥʥӱΪô࣬ȴٳûսѾζʥʥӣ츳忡ˣ
컯ʥҧҧͻȻ䣬ȫϢһְסԼ࣬ƵĿ
õúܣսʵҵҲòϣƽµĶ֣ǣҪ䣡
ԭҲһС
컯ʥ˵䣬Ŀڿʼŷҫ۵Ĺâһ̣һĻˡ
컯ʥӣȻֱԼĿڵѪУĿץһöѪܵӣ
öڹɭɭųĺڹ⣬һʱ䣬Ƭնڻ֮£ڳֻԼҪɵˣ
飡
߾Ժս飬Ҳľĸо
컯ӣó˺飡
ԭ컯ʥĽʥӣʥڣսһС̫ߣӦýѹ
Ȼù£컯ʥӾͷѹҪƾǿȵĹ
ǣƻٴʧܡ
ڣ컯ʥӲò顣
飬컯ʥкƣһʥӣΪ͵忡ܣҪȡʤ̫˵ȥˣ
ӮˣҲܶˣ
Ȼô˵Ӯܱ˺á
칬һĽܷѩĽ¶컯ʥҪȫԸˣܳŹĹô
СħɸǶͷߺѾΣÿζأǻʳҲɡ
£컯ʥӼ飬սҲʱ̣
ĬĬĶöתĺ飬һ
ڳˣ
һֱĵƣΪӦ컯ʥӵĺ飬컯ʥ鶼ûó;оһƴȵ컯ʥӼʱֻޣ
ֹ˼ɣҲΪΣҲҶħ飡
컯ʥӿö֮ó飬ΪʥڳħǺͲˡ
ӵħܣСħɺĽܷѩ֮û֪һʥǻ죡
һ˰ǹǿ߲һС
ħĳ֣ûʥʱԵսֹ壬ħ
ĽֻԼһ
ʶ컯ʥӵľսҲܶħ
ħֻеĵƣս컯ʥӵĺ飡
ԭǾǺ飡컯ʥڷ˽Σˡ
ڳߣûм飬ΪˣѾˣ
Ĵȴ׹
ܶ˲֪ħҲ֪ϿΪһ
ÿµϢôԶûбԣȴоȫѪڣ·Ҫˣ
һԾ˵ΪѾǰ벽
Ȼǰ벽ϢоԼȫѪ
ôʣ컯ʥú鹥ĻֻҪһ˲䣬ȫѪͻᾡ飬޾Ѫ⾫ɵ
Ī˵һ벽Ǻܶ벽ͨƼᱻ컯ʥɱ
Ľ˸еܾ
֮


1773 Ĭеı
ХټĺѾ˺ѣ֮У컯ʥӶţм䣬Ưźɫĺ飬˸ͬһֺɫ̫޷ֱӡ
У䣬ʮӶʮ츳컯ʥҪǿպһ׷Ҫǿ
ʱ򣬺Ĵг˽ź͹У컯ʥóһ̣ս־ͷ˾ת
ллǰģ
ôٵĻظȴʼȫע۾һգգĶ컯ʥӡ
ܸܵǿµ컯ʥӵ׵壡ֱӳܺǺƺѹ
ȫѪԪܵ˺ǣ·Ҫһ㣡
аݣĸо컯ʥӣѾ˱ʵı仯
컯ʥӶԺãʵҪǿԼħã
Ҳ֮е飬Ϊ컯ʥӱߣҲ屦ã
֮⣬컯ʥʵָ㣬Զܱȵġ
䶨ˣΪкѪ֧֣ҿóѪ֪ƾʲôܹȺӢƼʥΪһ޶컯ʥӣΪҵѪѪʥѪ֮УƷλеһ
컯ʥ
ʥһӵжֲͬѪ֧壬һ㣬壬зѪͷѪѪȵȡ
ÿһѪӦŲͬ츳
ʥҲˡ
ʥߣѪսʽǡ
Ѫı̶ȵļʥߵǱǱŷ֮ǰս
֮ǰս᪾ˡ
컯ʥ֮ǰսһֱûб뱣ʵΪ컯ʥӵѪ̫ǿһóٵģǣԴ
ټ컯ʥӵ鱦컯ʥӹע߲ܵյǣ컯ʥ֮ڣͻľܻ֪
ڣк龫֧֣һȴһˡ
컯ʥܹƾ൱һʱڣάֻѪ㹻
˵䣬ؼ컯֮ٴα컯ʥϯ
Į
ͬ󣬶˻ĮķΧ֮УЩǱںе࣬һȺһȺı컯񹦡ʧȥ˺ϡ
Щͺޣ飬Ѫ컯ʥա
컯֮ȫ컯ʥӵ֮УͬʱҲŷɫĹâ̺ĹѪ֮ҲͬȪһע컯ʥڡ
һʱ䣬컯ʥȫһĿĽ⣬巢һı죬ǵԭΰģȻʼٶȰθߣ
ļҲʼͣϣԻɫƬЩƬ֮ϣķģͬһ㡣
ͷҲ˴ɫϥǴĹǴ̣ޱȣ
컯ʥӣѪ֮ͬ棬ȼ죡
ָܵˣ֮󣬲ý飬ҲӵǸʱȫ벽һϸ£
컯ʥ쳤Хȫǽڱ죬ƣս񣬲һ
龰ǿǶס˺䣡
ȻڳǱ컯ʥʵ̫ǿҺ鱾ǳԽ񼶵鱦ǺܺͻȻɣʩȡ
ʧ̫ˣ
컯ʥӣսѹƲȴú̫ԩˡ
忡ҧгݵ˵
ĵ̣̫ɳῡܣʥһܣԴ˺ܶࡣ
ŵʱһĬĬĽϽǹֽ֮С
һ֣гһڵĳǹ˳ǹǳһ֣ΧĿռ䶼΢Ť
ǰǹ
Ȼȡǹڳῡܶǵɴ۾
ǹγ˰ǹ鱦
ῡܾ
˵ʹðǹô
Ӧƣóˣ
컯ʥӵһսƸۣսɡʵ伫ܴڹֵ
ǹڲųҲ˵԰ǹƿػԶԶ
ǹҴֻðǹ̳ǹ
۲컯ʥӵ״̬
ǹܻ컯ʥӣֻаܣ
ðǹԿ飿Ҳ̫ˣǹǶ鱦٣ܷӳܴ̳ǹѾ˺ܶ࣬ԭǸ˽ǹλս㻹ܹӲдһγǹܣ
컯ʥ˵䣬ֳֺɫؽ̤ǰ
Ѿó飬컯ʥӾҲûʲô˼ˣѾˣôҪ˲Ϣʤ
컯ʥһ̤ǰԽԽǿ·ĽŲǣĹĵ㡣
ƣ
˵ͨʽƣһĽԼƵߣ󷢳һ
Щض似ԴﵽЧ컯ʥȻôܴƣͻµĹڵԣذɣ
ǷȴԽԽĬ۾ҲˣȫϢ֮Уͬһһ㰲
һһ˴֮γĶԱȡ
һ̣컯ʥĿֲƣȫΧˡ
Ѿγϵľѹ
ڳ𣬶ļ٣
һĽƣ컯ʥӵѾƽ۷壬ǹЦҪ֡
һɲǣĬеȻ
һ̣ȫӿ˷ӡڵ֮ѪУ
һ˲䣬һ޷ݵĿֲս⣬ڳ
ž
ȫǽڱ죬çۻ֮ͬϺһƤĤѪһ̣·һڸգ
һʱ䣬һصķɢΧ
ʼθߣò˱仯øӸ㣬ɱɭɭ
ӿ޼ƣһ̱ɴӵ֮߳ޣ
Щص޷֮ϣγ˷ӡɫۣ֣γ˼ʵף
ͣХ֮ϣһʱ䣬ͬս
󣬷ġۣγһ޴ӰӰͷֲֳۣͬڱ˰죡
һɹݵİս⣬Ӱбս⣬ȫǹ컯ʥƣγ˷ѹƣ
ֻһ˲䣬컯ʥӵ״̬ͱˣ
ǡ
ħеῡܣȫɴ۾ŵĿ
ôҲ
òĸı䣬ҪʵҲ֮˴ȵԾϣѹ컯ʥӣ
龰ۺ΢΢鶯һڿˮòȷŵħʼ˵ҡôãıȡ컯ʥóĻѪǿôܣ


1774 ۷Ծ
֮ѪϴȵǿҲ˷츲صı仯
һʼƥһƲɵ⣬ƺʲôǰܱƴ̴
֮ѪȴͬѪصһɿֲɱ
ڳʱ򣬶оԼ·ɢĺƺɱȾƣ
ȻĵƣһʼֶΣ׼Ը컯ʥӵĺ飡
ܶʶһ㡣
ͷβ컯ʥѹƣԭʵУڱʵ
컯ʥӵĺ飬Ѿڣ
ս컯ʥӣһʱ嶯ľѾܵļƻһѾõս
Ÿºģ
һУ˶е񾪾壬ˣ˸͸ΪѾ˽һУȴ֣˽ģֻǱɽһǡ
һ겻뿪ߣٻʱٴڷɣ
ÿµˡɳȥɾһġ
ħʼߣһִֻħʼļϣ鸴ӵ˵
ǵܴƣٴ漣ͻ񣬶ҲͲʲôˡ
ħʼĬԣòϣΪֹµˣ컯ʥӣҲ̫࣡
һ꣬Ϳʼչ¶ɣǴ˴٣ԻΪʮǰһҪ
뵽ħʼͻȻһ
𣬲ڴкճô
ҲⳡٶԣһѣǡһԵ
ֻҪܳס٣Ȼõһκôϴ񣬾һһɳ죡
ɶĸø
ħʼĬĬţҲһѡ񡭡
ǲô˵ħʼ𶼲ֻƾԼжϣͶȫδȥðա
ܶȹ٣ɾ񣬵ħҲܸȹ٣Щţǳɳͬʱߵȴŷ׷꣬ΪЩ̲㣬ܲסˣǣš
ħʼΪħ̡
ʱ֮У컯ʥѾˡ
ͷǧɫ˿УΧա

컯ʥĿ壬ʱѾ˴ܸУ
ԭһսζɻʤȻսȵزó˺飬ûнѹȥ컯ʥŭ
Ҫɱ㣡
컯ʥҧгݵ˵츳ȫѹԼ컯ʥеٵ
ݡ
ɫ˿ԽԽ࣬Ǻ֮еֻоȫѪӿǵܵ˼ơ
顭Ѫޱȹ̵ҲԳ޴ѹ
ʱ컯ʥӶˣ
һɫ컯֮ɽһ㱬նȾһƬ
ȵϯ죬·һ޾Ľɫ⣡
ͬǡ컯񹦡óѪ֮컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡Ѿͬն
龰Ҳκ֡
а֮£󣬸ֳа֮ľ޴ӰƺƲ밵ǹ֮С
ǹԭ鱦ע߲ܣ
ֻǴ߶ǹʮ֮һԽɣ
㣬鲻Ҳֻðǹһжѡ
һУעڰǹеﵽһ롣
һǹ
ְֳǹڽȴ˫Ѫ¡˫ֳɽһǹ̶ֱ
Ǿ޴Ӱںϣ޷ķ裬Ϊ˽ʡ޷֮߶ǹ

ǹͬһֱ죡
컯ʥֳֺɫײ
Ŀ緢ͬ鲼һ˺ѣ
˵ʵҵײ֮У鱦һƱػҷ𣬵ײ˵ϣȴֻǷϵĽײ֮ӲϯĿռ籩Ҳһ
꣡
һ죬컯ʥӵĺɫâİǹӲ˺ѿ
ǹ񣬳ֱ룡
ұȻһǹûǹâ̩ͬɽѹ񷣡
컯ʥӣһǹâΧ֮У
ռϷ磡
𾪺û뵽һȻƿ컯ʥӵĽâ컯ʥӵı壡
Ѫۣ֮
һǹ컯ʥӱһȫۼ׽ʢȻѡӲһǹ
һУȻɫâȥ˰˾ųɵǽʣһҲԲôõֵģ
컯ʥӲҪˣ
һ̣ȫӿ֮Ѫڣ˼ΰ
ڴ̳ǹͬʱӲĳǹ̾ǹð˵ļɣǹһ
ǹûйעƽ̣ҲʵΪһ֮ǰѸٷڶУʱ̣ƾӲǹһеѾļޡ
꣡
ǹصײ컯ʥؿڡ
鱦Ŀ¹֮ǰһǹҲֱײ컯ʥӵĻԪƬ飬Ѫ
컯ʥӣˣ
ͣħߣ˾սڣ컯ʥӣ״ˣ
ҲˣѪĴˣ԰벽ʥΪȻ컯ʥӴֵز컯ʥӣ˻Ѫٻ˺飡
ʵ̫ˣֱޣɱ񣬷ɱ


1775 ٳ
ž
ȾѪ컯ʥȻץסǹˣ֮컯ʥӣ߶ѪʩչĻѪ֮ҲΪ£ӲĳһȻѪûб
ţ
Ŀһаǹͬһ˵ϵ컯ʥӵĻԪ
˫ֲ£컯ʥֳֺɫؽͻȻһ˿Ц
ˣ
컯ʥӵ߻죬һֻܵɭȻɱ
Сģ
Сħɾ
Ҳսһ󣬺Ȼһĺâ̶ֱâĵ㣬Ǻ飡
һǹĴȥȻش컯ʥӣͬʱҲᱻУ
һУǶɵ˺
ǹط
Ĵը죡
ԭ;ãղŵ컯ʥӵľײУ컯ʥƺԵЩˣԭǷֳһƺˣ
컯ʥԼ湥ú鱳͵Ϯл
£طҲΪʽϣԪãش
ôս֪
ط㣬֪ȫ֮ʲô㲻䶼пܣ컯ʥӵľսܱĺá
컯ʥµıɱ֣֮һ֮£ͿܣһУ൱ݶ
Ȼһ̣ȴûĴְֳǹֱ컯ʥӵĿڣӱĺڲˣ
ڿ͵˳£ȫɱɭȻӰצͬħ˺Ѳ񷣡
㡭
컯ʥд󾪣û뵽ôݣȻƴűشҲҪԼ
ۿԼĻԪѾƿ˾ųɣ컯ʥУĹâãҳȫ㣬Ӳһˣ
컯ʥҧأȫʣ߶£
㣡
Ƿһ˿
ۣ
컯ʥһѪǹѾĿڣһץŰǹǹˣĿͬһˡ
ʽþԶ㲻һ˵ñԼصö࣡
ܣһͻѪˣӰպĳɾͣ͸컯ʥ泩
ںĺâıһɲǣ֮УһӰһ
Ӱûбǰ££ȫѪ죬̣
ʲôǡ
һ˲һΪǶɴ˫ۣô£
ݣ
Ӱֵһ˲䣬ı󣬱㸡ֳһ̣ħ֣ŵģ֮ǰʹõϽǹ
ͻȻֵĺɫӰȻķԪʯ̥
Ԫʯ̥ԼȫԪת£ǧʱ䣬ȹѪֳϽǹ飡
꣡
Ԫʯ̥еϽǹصںϣ
һ˲䣬ԭԲǿϽǹǾҵ·Ҫѿ
Ԫʯ̥˫۱飬Ѫ䣡
ЩѪһȫգޱȡ
һʱ䣬͵ıըϯֲϺ컯ʥһ𵹷ɶ
Ԫʯ̥·ƵľԪ
ºǾ컯ʥܴ߶ӳޣҵײУԪʯֻ̥ǱըشѪ
ڵľԪҲ࣡
Ⲣ⣬ħ֣ͿԲ䣬ֻҪħеˡ
ΪԪʯ̥ĳֵ֣˺ųɾŵûܵʲô
ڳῡܿһĻĿϾӣò֪
컯ʥӣǲţôܡô˿µѪ
컯ʥӷԪʯ̥ȫһķɣ
̺ĿֲѪ֮ƺ컯ʥӱ˶Ҫǿ޷ţ
ʱ컯ʥӶľڿʧȥƽ⣬еɶ
컯ʥڼӽϢѪҪٶһԪ
ʱǷһ˿Ц
һ˲䣬֮УһӰɳ
Ӱ£ȫӿ޵Ԩ֮ǰĺγԱȣ
ʲô
컯ʥӵӶɳ
Χ۵ħߺͣǾУ
ӰȻǵĵڶȪ̥
Ȫ̥̤һɫ̡Ԫֳַֻ̣Ѫǹֱ컯ʥӶ
۷Ȫ̥ȻԪʯ̥Ĺȴӹ죬˷ʤ
컯ʥӲŵĿУȪ̥Ȼһǹ컯ʥӵؿڣһǹ㣬컯ʥ֮ǰ˵ĵط
컯ʥһսҲ伫ÿһأϼˣ
ۿǹ⼴컯ʥɫ԰ֽΪþµԪ᲻޷ֵ
ۣ
Ѫǹ컯ʥӵѪ⣬컯ʥӵؿȥȻҲǾĥҲǼûȪ̥ķѪǹûܹᴩ컯ʥӵࡣ
աǿ
컯ʥлͷңʱͻȻе֮ʹڷѪǹ֮УһɾͬһϮɱ
ڻȪ̥һ֮УȻ̺깥

㲻컯ʥӲҽһ깥ʹ࣬Ҫʹǿ౶컯ʥӱסԼԴҵ
ɣ
ڸղŶ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ѾϢ˹ְֳǹ컯ʥӣ
ʹðǹܷιǵڶ
һʱ䣬󣬸ֳӰĹƣһ˼£


1776 ʤ
磬񱩵ԪԪѤõĹ⻪գ·һڱըĿä
ٶȸֳſǳӰƺǹ⣬ͬٲһڣ
ž
ǽڱ죬ֱҧ⣬һھѪȼգ
žѪȼյ£ʮ֮
ԭϵɢ˺ۣҲڿٵţһְֳ̣ǹɢգ죡
СӣħʼһĿһ˿˿ľ֮ɫʵ̫£ԭ컯ʥӵսѾޱȼҵս˲֪٣徭Ѫܶദˣ£ʱ̣ܱ˿͵
컯ʥӣȴѾѪˣ
ǿʥʥӣʮ죬еһ壬ƾ
󣬾Ȼʥ֮ϡ
ħʼܲԾ

һǹ컯ʥҧ
ڵ˺ܶ࣬Ѫң飬ȫԪɢܾۼĲɡ
̵ܹģֻк飡
컯ʥӱһȻҧ⣬ȼһƾѪ
һĻȫ𾪣
컯ʥӣȻƵȼ˾Ѫ
컯ʥӵѪȻǿƥҲûпȼվѪȼһһ㣬컯ʥѪ⣬һȼգͺѲأɼ컯ʥӣƴˡ

ҵת˰ɫУ컯ʥӽԼȼŵľѪ˺֮С
һ飬ʺ貣
Ѫ⾫Ԫ
컯ʥӹעһһеȫעһ֮С
ʣʵѾԲֻԺֲࡣ
ںһ˲䣬Ҳˣ
а֮͵׻֮ӿǹ֮ϡ
һǹ̳УƬյйâ˲Ϣ䱻һǹɣжڰ
ˣɺڰ֮УΨеİǹâĿ

͵޴Ϣռͬһ׷飡
һǹѾ޷֮Уڰһǹеϣһ涼̴ܴĸо
޷ֲԨ
磬û޴Ӱսļӳ֮£һǹ컯ʥӣ
ͬʱߣһӰӰһ£һ£ǸֳֳǹҲ˼һĹһ壡
⾪һǹĹ磬صײ˺֮ϣ
꣡
һ춯صľ죬ҵͬشеıһ㣬ѳۣ
޷ķģͬǳһİĿռ
˺󣡿ˣ
ھУµҲԽȫɣ
ʱֱֲ֣ĺ
ͷŹĻϣҵͬһ㵹أ޾ĻɳˮȫϯڿѸٱ⡢ѣжϸСķĩƮɢؼ䡣
һʱ䣬һž޴ʯײںм䣬Ϳˣ͵ˮ۳ƣγٲһı꣡
ĺˮɫɽһ㣬򺣵ľ޴ݵӿ˺Х裬ĩհľ
ôˣ
ڳῡǸͲһʲô
˿Χֻм΢΢Ĳš
УͰ˺޺Ƕս˫ȭȭͷϵһΪȵǵָѾףƺնˣ
ΪأѾʲôʧ̬ǻᷴӦ˼ңҲΪѾ˼£ǵ۾Уȫţͼ˷֯⣡
û˱ǸᣬһƬҰĳҹͷʱһ컯ʥĶԾжҪˣ
Եϣ֮
ѵ
ķӦڳῡȻתͷʥ
ھǲԶʥƯ֮Уˮȴܱƽ֣ǴʱɫȴѾҪγˮˣ
ʥַӦҲƶǵĲ²⡣
ӮӮˣ
ڳῡӹͷʱ򣬴Ѿ価ããˮ֮Уֻʣһ°ӰְֳǹͷɢĳŴĳˢӰ
棬컯ʥȴѾʧããˮ֮Уȫˡ
ƺ˺С


1777 
Ħ£
ʥɫѿ֮Ӱһ˲ǰ
ৣ
ʥӣ룬ԣֻǧ֮һɲǵ顣
һĻڳһһ˲䣬һֻһʥɥĲͻȻ֡
ߣ
ʥһߣȻ׹ͬʸһ˺С
¡
˽ʮɸߣ󽥽ƽϢȥ
Ϣ֮󣬺ٴըʥӺֱɶУץѾ޹ĺ飬УѾε컯ʥӡ
һУ컯ʥȫ˲֪ٴұߵĸ첲ĴţȻȫˣʣһƤ⾭绹š
ϣɫۼѣ߰ѪѪȻǽɫģ컯ʥӻѪ֮ıԴ֮Ѫ
ѪҺˮ౶ѪҺ֮ƾˮγˢˢ
컯ʥӡˣ
ء컯񹦡ٻ飬Ѫϧȼһ־Ѫʹʮ󣬻Ǳܣ
ܸΪд⣬Ѿʹȴʵ
޷ţ
ڿУӭſ͵ĺˣĪ
ٶȡ޿ޣ˼£ʥʥӣʱգȵΪ֮󣬻˭ֵܵ
̲סĸп
䣬컯ʥȫ޷ȣ츳ѾһĲˣ֮
ٶȥòʱ䣬
ʱΪ⣬ﲻ
սһµı
ħʼۿħʼħʼþԡ
˵ϣʲôܹһ˵ֵһ壬ô¾ˡ
ħʼῡҲ
УǾ塢壬һɫ
죬дһ񻰡
һĻȻʷǣ廹һʮ꣬ôʮ伮ܻʹñȷıī
ʥǵʷսպչѫʱҲƲһʣ
еˮԽԽȫһɵĹâ֮УЩâΧ޾޷Ƭ֣»ת
ʱҲ˼أ۱۹ȫѣȫࡢദ飬ѪѵѪˮˢ
ԪԪԪѾĽҲսʧȥս
ȻˣϾڿУ컯ʥӣȴѾԡ
ۣ
ͻȻһ³һѪҵĲΧ޷ļ֡
ָ硭
Сħһ߲ԶĽܷѩĽ£Ҳ񾾽֡
Ȼսʤ컯ʥӣҲ컯ʥµĹô๥˭֪ʲô顣
ҲȻվţʵѾܵشѾ;ƿݡ
ΣʥǷһ˿Ц
ߣĹôóܵģ㵲˺湥ҲᱻǣԴʧѪ֮º˶ʲôˣҲΪ棡
һս컯ʥȼһ˿Ѫûκʤ飬ʥеȻˬ
ڿб䣬һ㡣
ʥĻúܶһԭǡпƾѪĶ鹥ɥʧԴѪҲΪ档
ĻΪ⡣
ٺ٣ȻʤҲӲŶѣˣȻΣƱӰպĳɾͣѪǿ󣬿еĶѪӦģҲѪѣߵѪԪô
ʥЦȻӮ컯ʥӣҲҪһһЩˣҲ˵͸֧ܣǿʤ컯ʥӣôһ㡣
ָ磡ʥĻСħɵ֮Ҫȥ̽ȻƫƫΪɲ
ĽܷѩӰһȥֽȡһö֮ǰ񵤣׼̷
ʱȴĽܷѩ
ţ֡δô򵥣磬б仯
һ㣬ĽܷѩźȻ֣磬ȷʵ˼ı仯
ƺΪղŵļսڱŰ֮£ǳһ˿Ѻۡ
ı߽磬ʼˣ
ǡ
Ľܷѩһ
֮ǰЦʥҲɫ΢΢һ䡣
ı߽飬̮ܵǺ᲻룬ɥʧΪֱ䡣
ҲеڶֿܣǾԴΪͻƣͻʱ߽Ҳ飬չ
Ǵʥ仯ǴһתСḶ́ؾ佫ἫΪң˶ѪҲǼΪ顣
ѵ
ĽܷѩסʱΧЩɢ޷֮Ȼ糤ˮһ£
֮ӿе
컯֮֮ǰ컯ʥȡ컯ʥӵܣӿ컯֮ҲɢƮɢ֮䡣
ڣЩ컯֮ȫзɢ޷絹ž
ʲô
龰ھԶʥɴ˫ۡ
綴ζţͻƾ磡
ԭ˵ǱǣԴˣӰպĳɾͣҲǱкķӦ
תۼ䣬ͻ֮Ҫͻƣ컯ʥ컯֮Ҳգļ£


1778 Ϊʥ
ôܡ
ʥеţҲԸţԭ컯ʥӼս֮ȻվҲһ㣬֪˶پ˶Ѫ£˶ôͻƣ
Ѿǰ벽ʥһͻƣǾʥ
벽ʥ˵ˣʥһ󾳽Ľ߻һηԾ
ߵ磬½ģԲط֮ϣɽˮֲ
ʥߣȫͬˣԭ½᳹飬½۳ǳչǳ棬еı仯ζʵķҲ漰ա
ܶߣԼȫʢʱڣ׼ŸͻһķˣδƽһУοڵ
ȥΪ
ʱ򣬺һѾǰһΧˡ
ôΪ˷ֹʥ;ϾͻƵʱʱһЩˡ
û˻뵽Ȼʱͻơ
ʵΪԭ㣬ں֮ѪѾﵽ£Ҫͻʥ
ʱΪ˹þĲҪ̫죬ӲѹͻƣΪͣ˰벽ʥ
һΣ컯ʥӵļսӵ˼£ڷŰ֮£֮ǰѹڱˣ
ͻƣҲ˲赲顣
ǣ
֮Уһһߴ˼ʮĴ½ѿ˾޴ĺ蹵
濪ѣҽӿɫ԰ףѪ˿
ǾԪϵߵԴڣ籬飬ߵȻܵɡ
ĸһǿ࣬ǵĳȻӦģΪ̫һ飬ҲŷµıըֱըһԳܡ
ڣǿ֮ĩɡ
Сӣ湻ݵģͦ˽죬񻰣
ȻȫѪǺûеⳡͻ䡣
ˣд˼컯ʥͬˣܣôͻʥʱɣ
ݣ
Х͵컯֮ͬһĺХӿսӰٶȸ֣޷俪Ƭأһķ֮С
еͬѩһԽԽڴﵽһٽʱ򣬳ױˣ
䣡
ͬһ紫ڴ½һȫˣ
ƬƬĴ½飬ҽѵɽɢ
һѪɫ԰ף£
һ̣˵񣬶űСħɽס˫֣ļ١
֪̫ͻʥʱ£ңһģѾᵽɤۡ
䡪
ıըڼѾ鲻֮УкƺƷ֮ЩѵĴ½ȫһ
һεег֣ǣЩ飬£
һ̣ڴ½Ƭ£ĵ㣬ȻһС͵Ļ춴ͷųֲ׹䵽Ĵ½Ƭεҽѹһ
ǡ󷨡Чԡ󷨡۳ǳһߵǳҪܰٱҲ˰ٱ
ǳۣԽԽ͵ƴϱ
ΧյԪ컯֮ȫҵķγС
ЩдСɫ죬Ϊеĳ֣طңһЩߴ㲻֮£һģֱӴӿе

˷ȻڳߵΪȥҲʲôˣͻȻ޷ʧȥоΪῡ쳣֣̿Բžг
ң߶иԵʦڣǷ׷׷ԪЩ˸
ܶߣǸоȣòǿһԪסΡ
ʱеԽԽ࣬ԶԶȥƬն޾⣬·С̫и֣ޱ޼ʣҲ壡
ΪߣУܵһޱǿѹѹ֮£ȫĵܡ
⵽ǡ
ῡܾ
Ǿǿγɵƣ
һ𻺻˵̳·˵ĴУ·һսУ֪˶̫
Щ̫֮Ϊɱ
ʮս·ɱڶľǿߣǵƼһ𣬸ж£
ֻǼ̳ǧ֮һῡ񾪾壬Գܣ
⻹ͻʥô˵Ǳͻ𻹲ЩǴȴѾĪˡ
ʥһʥɫ΢ףԭǶ𣬵ȴΪһСͻʥ龰ʧأʵΪʥƹںƴôȵպͻ𾳵ʱָΣ
᲻һ綼飿
ݣ
һ죬ؼУһһӿ
ϵĹâԽԽŴƼڣ˾ͷ·һƵ޷ֱӡ
ܶῡܣΣɫ԰ףޱѡ
ƴﵽµʱֻ¡һ죬µĹ˴ϱ޴ѹӿ
ָоͬڶһ˻
嫵ĺӲı˳ðȥγһֱɫ룡
ڴıԵϣÿһˣͬһɫɽһΰ׳֮
һߴǧɵľ޴ɫӰֳɫӰͷֱۣ֮Увͬÿһֱۣ׳ƣ˼£սӰ
ڳῡܣɸʦţˣҪѪˣ
𣡡
ɫӰХХֱ񷣬׺ˮһ̷·𶼾ҵĲ
ֿХѰʥ߶ܲסˣ
ֻǼϢʱ䣬šݡһɫӰҵСûڣȫʧˡ
ڿҵ֮У˫ۣ۾磬ƺƾĿ⣬ܶ񷡣
ȫƣȴȫûһ˿һ
ҲΪγԻ춴Ϊĵǳ˻춴֮ڣɢľ١
һ̣ͻʥڣ
ʥڡʥڡ
ھԶʥѾȫʧȥڸλߵĴݡ
컯ʥһս컯ʥӵ;ƿݣܻӰ쵽պΪȴһս֮󣬲ûκˣΪҲͻˣﵽʥڣ
еĲ࣬ˡ


1779 ʤĻر
ʥߣһԣʲô壬ǧ֮Լ칬ĴͨʥߣǾ͸ǲɼˡ
һͻʥԣǾСӼһκιע
ͻʥȴȫ𣬾þԡ
벽ʥʱѾܹѹ컯ʥӣôʥڵжǿ
ڵٸ컯ʥӴָǺεȹ⾰
ھԶ컯ʥѾ̷˵ҩӻ죬ܵһ졣
һսȻȼһ־ѪˣĴҲԶԶĵĴóء
ʱ̣˵״̬£ͻʥ˦һأټԶС䣬־׷ûС
Ħ¡
컯ʥߣʥ̾Ϣʥ֮컯ʥӾһ·裬ʥڻԹսȡȫʢս֮һһʤ
⼸ʮʥ˶壬Ҳͬʱʿѹ˵͹ȣԭ컯ʥսպգȴڽ죬һٴܣ̽䣡
ʥ֪Ȱο컯ʥӣֻ˵£ʥȫսӲ̫ԶˣǸʱ򡭡ǾûʱɳģȥţͲˡ
ʥ˵ţ컯ʥӷ·ûȥս˫ȭָ죬̲ʧܣʥտԻ壬ȴǲɸıʵĳ裡
ĦѾܱԼóͻ֮Լ絤ȡħ
ְֳǹǹֱָ컯ʥӣɱ磬ͬףأ
ʱΪոյͻƣԭ˵ԪѾָ˴룬ʶ˵䣬ƼΪǿʢһռ䣬Ѿ˵컯ʥԳܣ΢΢һ٣ɫǲ԰
ѣߵʥͷųһԪע컯ʥӵڣɫ΢΢͡
컯ʥӶԣǰδе裬ڹȥЩһβ컯ʥˣڳ컯ʥƾڵĺ飬Ҳ
ڣ飬Ԫɢң鶼ȫ߶ˡ
ȫѹơ
컯ʥҧĿɱĶͻȻһ˦֣һе
ž
͵ͬʱϣб飬¶һ۴С鵤öҩ̣ͨƢǾ絤
絤Ʒӽ񼶵ĵҩ컯ʥƣòϡ֮ߵʥҩԣдá
ö񼶵幦һһزȱ
Ѿϰԣû̫ãǶԣȴȫͬˣ
ڳü𣬿еö۾΢΢Ź⡣
ͻ֮
ʮ٣崫жϾͻңɼ񻰣Զʹ
Ȼ֪׹֮·ޱãܹиϣ֮·¼գµϣûС
һʱ䣬м̲סø֪̽еĿβסһݿ֮ɫ
һʶǷȻܿα񹦷
ߣȺϲǻָͻˣҲûã
컯ʥͻҲ˵ϣޱãͻƣҲ֪Ǻµˣ԰꣬ǧΪʱ䵥λģ컯ʥӿǸʱˡ
Ȼˣȡö򣬶ԣȴŷǷ塭
ǵĴæ
ԵĸпߣҲ΢΢ͷ񹦷ûдãΪ˵õǣȴó˰ǹ컯ʥӶԶģⰵǹȻͬһ㣡
Ӯ񹦷Ϊܹڱ컯ʥͻ֮ƻ󣬷岻ʥ幥򣬾ͻһЩߣԭͷƮҡ壬Ӷ
ǣǷһ顣˵ԶĿǸ֮ɫ
һֳεһμʱʵвгաΣ츳СħɣвʱֻûзϣҲû뵽ڶ֮ȡ񻰰ĳɾͣ
ĳɳóݡ
£ٹһʱ䡭ܸˡ
Ц˵ͻƣԵĸˣͬʱҲеȵĲ˼飬һ֮ҲԪʱʵͱ𣬼ֱš
ֻ˵ԭ츳죬ټⳡشĴĳɾͣȫ˳
ⳡӢ۱ƱʱǣῡܣҲʶĿֻǻᱻĹâڸǶѡ
ǰˣһ̣ĸоԼˡ
Ȼվλϣⳡ٣̨Ҳֻ𡢴ڷ𡢵ȡħʼЩ𣬻ϣⳡٽһͻ
֮У絤˦־ͽö˳ȥöεϡ
ǰ򽻸㱣ܣŸʡ
ο˵䣬ܹиĻȨϾֻϵ䣬Ǻܶδػģͻ֮ƿ˴Ȩ˭Ҳ
סһµصĵͷ飬ˣԭȻжԶԶݻرô
㰲ɣʥս£ҡ
á
ӦĸоĴٲȥ̫Զˣץһʱ䣬Լǿ
˫ȭתͷħʼۡ
ħʼǰǰ
ʮ㣬ƣ֣
ħʼĬĬĿ޻˵
Ϊֱ֣ѾǸ˽ĸݵˣ˵ǣʮһһˣ
ʵ츳òٵѾ޿ޡ
ճ£ͳкɫŮŮ¸檶֮¡
ħʼںƽҲʮĿСħߵһ𡭡
ֻڡȴȫͬ
ħʼǰǰף뽫ɶ
˫ֱȭ˵
ȫʱСħһ˫Ѿȫˮ
һʼ컯ʥԼսʱСħɶΪǣ컯ʥӼս·ʱԺȻսʤ컯ʥӣϲá
һ̣ͻʥĿ֮µڶףСħѾ֣


1780 ϣ֮
һף˳Цȡ裬ǵڶףȴڳ𣬶Ϊ֮ݡ
֮ǰСħһֱֶûУȻСħ˵ǲ⣬ûδȻΪһŮ˭ϣܱýȢ
Żׯصס
ʱСħɵ飬ν䣬Ѿ룬ȴ֪һ̣ԶģպΪ׷ڴ䣬Ҳ޺
ŮַӦħʼص̾ϢһһУֱջעСħڵԪһʱ䣬صСħɵϣСħֻһᣬתͷħʼ
ĽǶȣֻܿħʼıӰ
ǸӰΰǲ֪ΪΣһ̣ȴСħɾ޲
߰ɡħʼ
ӽԺ㽫ҵŮħ壬Ҳûκιϵú׷ɾ;˽ܣôһϣһ֮£ôķϡħһ𡭡
ħʼСħɶߣһ̣ħĸƺֻһεĿˣҲУһֱԼүү
үү
Сħɽҧ촽в֪ʲôζΪʲôͲ壿ѵΪⳡУûһ˿
塭ħʼҡҡͷЩ飬ǻ֪һңһύһЩһЩ顭
ħʼ˵仰㲻ٶԣ磬Ϊ컯ʥӵĶԾ籾޹Ҫˡ
컯ʥӣѾûٴȥˣһս֮뿪磬ػԹ硣
ߣΪۺ٣ⳡüΪŹ֣ԭԤƵıˡ
壬˵жԵ˫Ҳˣȴͬ忡ܣйֵֹġ
һУ
֮󣬽ʱ䡣
ʢ컯ʥӵϢͱͨϢϢ˳ȥܿ촫
컯ʥһսʥѾѹǣƮҡʱ̫Ҫһʤˣ
ο⻹һȫʼδģĴʤ
ڴ֮ǰǶ֪컯ʥӶ°֮Լԭ嶼˭뵽Žȥʮ֮꣬ԼʮʱѾսʤ컯ʥӡ
԰벽ʥսʥڣ
컯ʥֶξ鶼ˣҲɲĶ֣
µǣսʤ컯ʥ֮ͻʥȫ
һʱ䣬컯ʥӣħ塱սͻʥʵֱ׷벽𡱵ȵȱϢ鱨֯
ǧߣЩϢ·𱻴һǿļһϲأǳ
ڸ¥֮Ук֮˽ս컯ʥӵľ׫ɸְ汾㷺
Щ汾ɷ֣ǻô񫣬˷
һսȫ棬߳ῡܣʥ
ῡܣ׷ΪĿż
Щ칬ҲǷ׷׳֣̾ͬʱҲҹ칬׼칬ȴκĹ
ԭ򣬵ȻΪȡɾ֮úܶ౻ڵĴǣסˡ
ɾ֮Ƕԣʵ̫Ҫˣ
Ȼֱӵ칬Ⱥֻ߲ܼ˶ΣȥֺһЩõ
Ϲŷ塣
ڵϹŷ壬Ϊĳ֣ѵλȻ
Դḻޱȣкܶ츳ڵȿֺļϹŷ壬ζΪϹŷĵӡ
ҲʹãϹŷݵӵżһߡ
ŵδ˶ӣȻҲζŻޱȻԻ͵ǰ
ΪϹŷٷչΪ˲ЩӿϹŷӣ칬רɳһЩǿߣϹŷʦ
ǴԴͬʱҲ˸õĴС
ôȥϹŷΪʥǸ¶ΪʥأҲֻҪʱĻ۶ѡ
һΣΪ컯ʥӵļսϹŷѾͥС
ϹŷϿգĲ֪˶ˣڸ齢ʤڱա
Ϊԭǧꡢ룬õĹע
Щ꣬ʱϹŷ壬ʱ칬Ϲŷ廹칬ָ룬ԴҲ˲ټԭͲԣѾڵΪˡ
Ȼ˵Խսû죬ǹͣȡΪѾ԰ˡ
һΣݻϹŷУвٴ
һһ֮𣬶Ϲŷ˵ЩǴ˵еԷֽϹŷ帲Ĵڡ
ǼЩˣҲûʸӴ
칬ŶӵȺأʲôʶֻϹŷ壬һǧ
ԷЩλߵǧ꣬ʱǿͿģйĸо
һʱ䣬ĺ񣬶ǧꡢأЩóһʥǿɱȥʥʥص֮
ڣǧһˡ
ƴǣƴǲˡ
ڸǣ׷ֱֺϵʱȴСħһͬ£ܿߣĵȥħʼڴ֮ǰħʼСħ˵һЩҪ
棬ֻΪ˱Ͼħ岢ͬˣΪħʼ𲻻ԲʵֶΣ飬ҲҪԷһ


1781 ħʼҸ
۴ȻѾڵΧףϯһ֮á
ΡСħɽʱûоκˣǴĴֱ˺
һΰĴ֮ûеƹ⣬İޱȣ˵ĿȻܵӰ죬ĿһغɫĸߴӰվڴ֮Уħʼɡ
үү
Сħеһ˿ֳүүط꣬Сħɵ൱ӡ
ħʼ𻺻תΰСħһǰ⣬ֻǵ˵ɡ
ˣһһħʼ˵Ķ棬ĬãָժһöָϣƵǰ
΢΢һħʼһۣ֪̽öռָУһ飬΢΢ľ
öռָڲռ䣬һСǰȻһö鱦ֽ䡣
زһ鱦Բ̫ϧ鱦ĿռָȻ٣Ϊֶȡġƶǳѡ
鱦Ŀռָڲռ伫ΪȶԴ洢һЩ֮
֪̽ռָڲռ䣬ڽָУһƬֲŸϡҩĵҩ԰ҩ԰ˣƷʼѡ
ҩ԰УһͨɫߣÿһҶӶͬɫһ㵹ţɢɭɭɣһҶӣȫԵʹá
룬һȭͷСĹʵöʵַ˵״˵ë˳ֱһ㡣
ֽ䣬Ҳܸܵö˹ʵ̺ĿֲϵԪ̷ȥԻϵߵĺô᲻
óöʵûȫ죬֮ƷʽһηԾ
ʵ
аħʼ
Ѿ˼ʮˣɶöΪɶ׼ģƬҩ԰ҩ٣ҩĶרֲķϣժή䣬µС
ħʼ𻺻˵ţðզࡣ
ũֲҩݣʩʣһЩϣ㡢ľ֮⣬ǽһЩȥĲľֲֱУͺ̷ʹá
ħʼֲϡҩϣЩϡҩή㣬
ЩϡҩƼǵ֮ЩҲ֮󣬶գһƷ֪ˣ
鱦ֽУ֮⣬ҩ԰һ࣬жѻɽԼ־
󣬻һע⣬ǾƬУһŻȼյĺɫ档
Żȼյ÷ǳ·ûһ˿ȶȣڻ֮УȴĸܵһɻϢ
ʣħʼӦĻˡ
ǵĵ˫ҪһƷʵĻֺԴڻѾˣֻԴˡ
ָĶǸɶģʹӦģĶɶļױԵóֵĶҲˡ
ħʼ˹˵õĻԵܶ඼񼶵ģħʼҲֻǾڶ𼶵ıѣһЩ鱦ɹʲôģóҲû̫á
ллħʼǰ
˫ֽӹָ
ǰ֮ǰ˵һжҲָ̣֪ʲô飿
һʣҲħʼħʼΪ֣࣬µǰֻҪ֪ͬСɣ漰ʥĴơ
šǹڴ˴δٵġħʼֲһ磬˽֮С
֣΢΢һݣȻǹڴٵġ
Ƕ֪ˣʥħˣǴŻΪʥ뻢ıƤʵڴ֮ǰʥΪ˴ʹγɣҺ޵͸¶˼Ϣ
ħʼ˵ţֱӣϸ
һǣʥΪĳԭһʱڣ뿪ʥ壬սĳЩҪҪҾ޷Ʋˡ
ڶǣʥȫ²̫ԶˡҲȵʥ꣬սͻȫ죬ʱ䣬һٶ꣬ʮʱ䣬ԡǵʱ䲻ˡ
ħʼЩСħɺУȴͬشû
˵ʥȫڰ֮ڱ
ħʼһ˫֮Уһ˿Ļ֮ɫ
޹ħôĵʥһ֤Ǳ츳֮Ҳδܸıħʼĳԡ
ʵΪȫ潵ٵʱ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ţҲڰʱھʹﵽƥĳ̶ȡ
Ӧ˵֮Կ𣬾Ѿ˲ˣ
һսһĴУܷʲôأ
𲻽üͷħʼĻһơ
˵Ļʱȷ̫ˡ
ԭõ鱨ڸʥ忪սжϣʥӦʵ޼ڰ֮ھͱʥܡ
ôֻһֿܣǻʥ֮䷢ʲô飬飬ûʥսǴĳЭ顣
ˣǾ֮ˣ
ʱ䣬Լʲôأ
Ҹղ˵飬컯ʥ֮ڣܸоԷ飬ǺΪ֮Ҳϣ塭ħʼ˵ֿɶҽ㣬չ˺
˵仰ħʼվͿ͵ζѾԡ
Сħɿħʼζƿվһ仰û˵һĬĬ뿪˴
֮ǰͷһۣȴħʼѾȥĬĬ뿪źĸߴӰʧããĺڰ֮С

ħʼݵĽ̸Ρ֮ǰսʤ컯ʥӣӮشעϲȻѹ
ʥĴģıڰ֮ڣô彫⧲һˮ
ʥĻԵֵ
δ꣬㲻Ҫˣոͻʥҵ칬֮й̸ɡһ㾡ܣΪѰҸֻԵΪܵߣȡڰ֮ڣﵽ𼶡
꣬ʱ̫ݣҲ֪ΰչؿޣΪȻˣѾﵽʥΪһͣʱĻۡ
Ѿˣ֮ڣʥĴģ֣岻еĻǾֻǰߣֻҪڣͻ񾳣ؽϣ
ȻĻȴ΢΢ҡͷ˵ֻаʱ䣬һЩ㣬Ҳȡʲô
Ŷ
˵Ŀڰ֮ʲô
ڵľ磬ʲô¶ûʲô壬ʥ̫΢ˡ
ȥһطһˣҲı䡭


1782 Ĵ
Ŷһˣ
һʱҪˣȻѰѾԣܻʥĴӰ͸ı䣬еǱѰˣУ벻ˣ·ˣ
룬·ʶ񣬶ԷпܰĻȷʵһֿܣԸıǿߣô׽뵽Ĵ֮УϾԿʥĻһ񣬶ǲˣΪʥ壬вֹһ񣬶컯ʥʲô磬ҲԹ⡣
ȷʵ·ʶˣҪȥĻҪǰæУδܼġǰ˵ǰȥ磬ڻ˫ޣ޳ɡ䡷ǲǣ
Ŀһۡ
ĪҪȥ磿
еЩ⣬ΪҪȥ·
˵ͷҪ̾Ϣȥ磬ǳѣͨ·תҲܣΪʹ·عĻֻܷԼļ档
Ҫһһ֮Ե
ָ磬ҪȥʥСħѿ˵ԭ˵Ҫȥһˣ뵽ģҲʥ
ΪҵʥŪһЩ飬֪ʥͻ֮䣬ΪͣսԣҪ
𣿡β죬һ𡭡𣿡
ȷϣ֪ҵʥҲδЧһϣ
ǰҪǸˣȻֻ𣬵ȴǻҪ֪Ϊʲôʥ彻սΪʲôԭͣսܣǷԸһۣˡ
˵ĵ˾ѣ˵Ļδ٣Ͳôˡ
ˣ
һ˵Ļȷʵһ
ˣûôס
˵δܴɣǻôҪʥ;һ¡
Խʮ߽ĳУ¹ΣҪļϣγ̾һЩ꣬Ϊ̫ˣôȴһСô࡭
ǰˣҵĸˣҾͳ޸֮Ҷⳡ٣Σһᾡģ֮ǰǰģڻڣ֪ô
ڵġֻǡü΢ֵżȻֵһϹżҲǴʮǰʮǰģ岻֪ǰ£ڵĳɾܴͣԭҲΪ⴦ż
żؿռУռ䣬ΪһЩԭ̾Ϣǽһ˿Ѻۡ
ʮ죬ȱڼʱ򣬻֡涴ڶȴƿռϱڵ֮ء
Ȼ֮أҲͨǿߣһΪЩ֮ؼԸĻܴͨʮ̾Ϣϱڵ
ʥ壬ɱԪ𣬶ߺʱҲ컯ʥʳ֣ͨ̾Ϣϱڡ
컯ʥûҵʲô涴֮̾Ϣ֮ǽ϶㣬ӲƾǿΪᴩ̾Ϣǽ
˵Ϲżȴͬﱾ̾Ϣǽı㣬ټǲ֪Ϲ죬ѾγһƴĴڣԱܾúܾõʱ䡣
ĻЩľ챡ռ䣬ͨ̾ϢǽγɴֶͨΣһ޷ɣҪеٮٮߡ
ʷȻޱȻԻֹ֪ͣ˽ܣȻЩˣȴûʷ֮Уʲôûˡ
ֵϹżһ֪
Ϲżڣֻ֪λãֻΪ̫ԶǴѾưܲҪǿͨĻкܴΣա
Ҫͨ̾ϢǽĿռ籩Űҵ㣬޷ܡ
ôǿһѾȫ˽ʵֵǣɼռ籩Ŀ¡
ռ籩һ棬һ桭Ǿ⴫Ѿޱȣһ˵Ķľţڹľŵʱ򣬶̫͵ɱĻȻܻ˷籩űȴܳܲסֱӶѣĻͻʬ޴棡
˵ţһݡ
̫󣬴٣Ҳȥ
ʶ󣬱취޵ӳǿЧֻǿͨ
ô̵Ҫ󣬿ͨ˶ûм
ǧǰͨϴʱںһЩˣҹȥ֮󣬴Ҳˣιȥ֪Ρ
ˮһǵ֮ɫ
ѣҲҪԣܱȰ٣Դеĺãȥ磬ʥͬʱҲΪԼչؿ޵ĻЧ϶ˡ
ѾҲƥĶ֣ƫһĻĳɳΪ
ֻȥ磬۽磬µģǿĶֽ棬ȥһĻԵɳ
ȻѾҾͲȰˣϣ㲻Ҫһ㣬ԣʲôû㱣ԼҪֻҪܻţʤܻʮ꣬ϰ꣬мһ죡
š֪ˡ
һս˫ȭߵΪԽ棬ԽѾ󾳽磬ҪʱĻۣκλԵȡ˵ġ
˵֮󣬿ҲֻʵΪĻͻƽϣã
Ҫߵ·
ʥ壬ʱ䡣
˵ֻҪţʤ
֪ʮ֮꣬һﵽʲôɾͣǸʱ컯ʥһսкη
ţҲӿһɺս⣬δ٣ѣͬʱҲһʢԵῡܣⳡбϴ
İɳȥľȥˣȻֻҪģΪ˽ܡ
ǰȥǰ;δǰչ˺üˣѣӡ
˵Сħɣ˵ɶҲ칬ɡ
ָ硭СħһĿһЩίһЩᣬողŸһպһֱҪȥ磬ֱȻܡ
֪ˡСħɵ˵ǿЦˣָ磬һġ
Բ𡭡
СħϵЦݣзѹܣȻСħɣ´˴λգҲСħͬ
ǣСħɻС
Сħɸеĺӣ츳ͬѰû̥Ѿ֮ʹСħս»ࡣ
£СħȥգȻ˼ɣһЩյĵطȥ
ȥ磬ղ֪Ƹ۵ζ˼̫࣬ѳɴ£ʶСħ򣬿԰СħɣǶԺӣкô


1783 ʢ
һº磬Ѿ˽Ϲŷ壬һգӭһδйĴʢ¡
Ϲŷ೤ϡʮĹǱչصġġµģȫõ֪ͨͣϹŷܲμⳡʢ¡
ȻȻеϹŷ峤Ϲȴûа취վǰֻţʵΪⳡʢУĴ̫ˡ
ЩÿһǹȥϹŷӴѵ
ڣЩȫϹŷ壬ҶϹŷ嶼ʮֿ
Щ˵Ундд˵е
һʱ䣬ϹŷƼ˲֪Ϲŷڹȥӣζ벻ġ
ϹŷֻǶͨʥأ˭һϹŷܲƼôйģĴʢ£
ⳡʢ£ͻƽҲ峤Σһˡʡס
ͬʱҲսʤ컯ʥӵ칦ᣡ
ν죡
԰벽ʥΪս컯ʥӣӮͻ֮ħʼ޳Сħɣһ֮ͻʥشơ
ֳɾͣ˺Ȼ󲨣ǿߣ֣Ҳм־η֮ɫ
ڵʵѾսʤܶˣҲңɼˣʶǣҲܰСˣǰƽδԴ
ԭ˼ʲô칦ᣬʥڼʱޱȽȣ˼Щ
ǰε˵ڵ尧ҰȷʵҪһ칦ᣬⳡ֮׵Ĵʤȥʿ
ʶⳡ칦ͺҵٿˡ
Ϊʱ䲻࣬ȥ֮ǰϹŷʡһˣʡ׺칦ͬһʱУЩĴȫۼڳˡ
ʱϹŷܲΪ칦ᣬѾǰ֪Ϣһ޴󷨣֮Уǧɽɽ֮ϼﳤѤţϼʤա֮䣬¥գڽ࿪š
ԪΣú齢ֽӲӵ¥¥֮䣬ֵʥдӭɵ꣬ԶԶȥ˼ɾʤա
𡢴Ĵ󣬹ƾϹŷǲòģ֮ǰϹŷ֪ʡף칦ϢͬеļԼ칬ĸ߼ʦֻһµʱ䣬еĲá
ΪЩãЩѪ
ⲻΪҲΪ˽ⳡ칦ķ⣬ʿ
칬𵽣
޺칬޺𵽣

֮
ڰħϯӡ˵

ⳡʢµ˾ǣϵıһЩݶˣڰ벽𣬺ǧ֮Ĵŵ˺ܺ¶
ϹŷĵǣЩµͷЩŴˡ
ǰζܼЩﵱеκһͨ˵ЩǸ߸ϵ飡
Ϊⳡʢ£Ϲŷν˷ͷ޼峤ǣϹŷʢ£ж֪ʲôо
ʵ޼壬Ϊǰһ̽յʱؾеõڵµľ߲ȱ޹ʬŷչĹģҲĹģˣٽһվ̲㣬Ϲŷ壬ȴΪһˣһԾΪĶ칬Ҫӡ
еĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ͷ𾳽̫ãɾҲǻ۵ѡ
ٺ٣˵ǣһɾ񣬱Ȼеٮٮߣ
ء
Ҳһһִ
ȻЩƽ۽ܲϾЩ˶ǰԼ˲֪١
ⳡ칦ᣬ졣
ڴǰٵϢû͸¶ȥ칦֮󣬲ټܻ飬Ϊ˱Ŀֻţš
ʶʢᣬܶ𻹲֪ٽ֮£ڿ
һΪأҲΪ컯ʥеõʺʹõͻ֮ͻ֮ĸ
Ҿ컯ʥ˵ͻ֮Ǵ̫ŽżеõģͬСɣǵȻҪһΪ졣

ҹĻ١
ڿϡֲ԰֮Уǰһʯʯ֮ϣڷŸɢнѲʮƣЩƣΪ͵ܹһ㣬һΪͻͽ綼кô
硭Ҫˣ
ǰŮӣǧꡢ롣
ΪϵеŮЩҲܵĹעܶˣŮǹġ
ȻΨһźǣҪˣʼǾ࣬һΣһȥ·ʮ꣬ò׻ȥμ磬ҪԶ硣
ȥ磬ֲ֪Ҫˡ
Ҳ֮ǰ칦ļ죬ǧúõľһ£⼸죬ҲʱˣÿǧദѵõҸʱ⡣
̾һұҪߣڴ֮ǰһҪ½һˣǣҲһɡ
½磿
ǧ΢΢һѵҪǣ
ԣҪܴ½ȡһ˵ȽҪ
һ˵ǧǲ˵ӡУܴ½ڵλֻ½λ棬ҲʲôҪǡ
ΨһħӣǻԪµżѾȥˡ


1784 
ܴ½
ǧڰشƺأī
ΨһǲƵУԼֵǵ׹⡣
׹޾·¡¡սڹʱдˮͰĵâͬ˺ѿƲ㣬¶Ŀʾǵľ漣֮
ܴ½ν٣ǾԵأǿ߽УƾԼĿΪƽΨ漣ֻ֮ҪǿУض䣡
µƣͼӢһ򾡵ʱҲǳ漣֮Ͽյ漣ƮΧſʼ֣漣֮ҲǱɡ
һ죬ǧϿյĲƽ
һ֧ƽսĶ飬޾Զ̤˶һֻֻųΧ
ĻƽսϣվһӢ˲Ů
ӷʣŮӷ绪޵òɷ
˶ǸŶӡӣ콾һ
ŶʵѾǧڰΧ˻ӵ
ϿյеĽشڣ˸̤㡣
򣬽ǵĿܹΧϼ죬ץֻؽ飬ԻøʹĿ࿴˷֮ɫվڻƽսϣԶԶâš
ȻޱȣҲǴԵ֮ء򴳵һΪضܹ
˵شڣ
磬ҪСġϴʮܺߵܣ񺣾жˣðȻȥҲաŮûôֹۣԼĵġ
ԼǡдգҪСΪϡҲҽ̫ǾԵأܽ롭һʮӻƽս洫
˵һλ벽񺣾ˡ
ĻȴǲΪȻȻ֪գһЩɼڻڶľŶ㣿
ͷԺͻȻ䣬ӺȻͿ޾ԶĵطһɽĲס
ᴩأ·׹䣬дǰķ˸ЯĪɵİƣһ죬Ϸը졣
ҫУṫͻȻסС죬ָ򣬾ǡУ˴ڡ
벽񺣵ĻѭȥӥϬĿ⣬ȻͿ޾ĵâУϡмӰ֡
ô£Ѿʮˣѵкڵǿ߽٣
ļʮﴦЩӿĻѾ㹻ɻԵĴܴ½ǿҲֻкڵǿߣĴˡ
һ̣ɽĵط·һʯĵˮ桪䣬ƽȻ䱩
ֵ¶ĿһɹͬХֱ
һֳɫЯϢ˷Ʋɵϯȥ
֮˺ѣ
ˣ
ǰ벽񺣾Ļͷ󼱣Χ㹻ֲǳɫ붼Ǽʮϵǿ
룬һĵ˻ƽսϡֻս˸Ȼ뵳˽ɫ˲Ϣ۳ɽĻƽơ
䣬˲䣬޾ĳɫͬӲӿƽϡ
ǰ벽˱־Ӱסơ
ͬʱ˫ͫУȻɽӰս
ֵĺڷݣȻȻһʧ˰꣬䶯ܴ½
꣬⻤ɣһϣˣʱ񺣴ΧţЩƽʱܴ½߳ƵĴϻ̳Ͽ֣˳Ȼǡ
ôᡭѵˡˣ
벽񺣵ߵӺ͹ټһ侲Ļʧ̬
ǲ֣˵ġˡ˭
ʱеӰʧ껤˺þòŻعŵĴֽгһķȼ˳ȥ
ش¼ȻҪŶʡ

ǰӿƾɫԼӿһɫ׵羫ȵĲƣ˳ͷЩп
ǰ糱ˮԺӿ
Ĺ磬ɱˣùԵǧɫƵʱ룬漣սƣЩ䡣
˳һһӿͷ·ա
Сħ毺õϣ˸żֺɡ
ָ磬ǰסܴ½ֻ½һƬС磬ȻҲĵطܸоƬǿڡ
ƽ׺ţһ׳糱ˮ಻
ÿһȵУԼɷǹ졣
Сħϣͬûжá
һƲСħΧ֮ǣϵıɡ
ɶ֪ô
СħߣЦ˵Ǵ칦Сħɺǧꡢ붼˴Ϥˡ
һʼǧСħദʱЩнϾСħ⣬ǺߣܻоЩΣǧ֪Сħȵľֵ֪ڰ֮ĹУڤӱƵͶ·֮£СħͼɾɺϣŴٳͻƵǣطɱڤӡ
ЩǧԵĸлСħɣСħɣڰ֮ĹУҪڤ֮֡
һŮĹϵȻ˺ܶࡣ
½磬СħҲһΧлµĽƣϣܴ½ǿ޷ͨСħɶħУǲܷԼħռУȴܱܿԪĽƣ˳½硣
һᴩľ޴ննһħӣһ漣֮ħǵԪµģ漣֮⣬׷ԶŴ֮أпܾǻԪһֱǴ򴩣׷һĴǵһˣ䣬˳˴Уγ˰ǧϿյ򡣡
йϢϾżǽҲҪСġͷϸĶߵļŮ
Сħɵȳ̶ȵκβҡָȥɣҸСӾָĺϢҲʮֶأԪܷḻҪоһ¡СħḧоС֮󣬾Ȼмֶ
ҲΪѪ⣬СħɶǸǸС֮Ī׺Χ·һ㡣
СħӿıԴ֮ҲΪ˸СĴ̼ű


1785 ׷
ţҲá
ͷϾ׷ҲϵǶõĴ֮أͬСɣСħлУ롢ǧ˱ʵǿǲҪðմΪ
ȥأСħɡǧ꼸ŮһĨɫ
ͷĿԶһչӰ缲ȥʱ䲻ˣʥڼҪȥ磬ȥ֮ǰҪͻƣܵǿԼʵ
ݵͻƣǿǵĵ˫
աԵ䡷ļأ˫ҪѡΪѡ棬ҪơԵ䡷е˫ĵҩҪ𼶵Դͻ֣Ѿħʼ͵Ļ֮ףһԴȻ뵽׷
׷һмƷԴҲ漣֮ͰǧϿգγ˴ģˡ
ֻٶõԴϻһͻơ
䣡
һͬޣ޼ɵĳϣȴ·ţˮ˿ܶκ˺
ѳʮԽԽǿ
ϴδͬ˿ڵѾﵽ˵ؾ
Щѱ޾ĺԴ򣬸а֮ϵµ⣬ջлϲ
ɶݣ׹ѱɫ
ʼԭһɫζ
׹ǰٱܺ䵽ϣЩ׹⣬׷ױɣа֮ϣζ
Ĳͻƣɫ׹ֱ˻Ϣĺɫ׹⡭̶ǽɫ
̣
һɫһϲƣǼһ׾ĵ··׵
ٴ򣬳
뵽ʮʱѴӳɫóϽɫ
ǰĲԶʮԵһƬϰɫλع⣬·޾ĳǰ
Ƭع·ϼŹâһǵĶĿ
ܸоϰɫâȻƽȴһĿڡ
Ŀ䣬ǰλع⣬һ˿п
һδܸܵյĵطҲʮ
ǰλع⣬ѳһööΧӴģͬһĹµڳ
ЩģԼԴڣ͡
֪׷𴫳еصԵ
λعǰУˮ㲻ϳˢȥ
а֮ǣΡΡľ޾ζһΪӡƤ·ϡ
Щλ첻κ˺
һ뵽˰ȫ·һϸܵɫɷǹ졣
ţ
žϣе¶һ˿֣صɫ
ǰȫֹһ򰲾Уȥޱȵ͡
˿ʶεܿһŤĿռ䣬һγ˷յĿռ
ЩĸһµڳɢŨϢ
ԶܸӦǿҵɽɢĪѪǿ
ЩǰһΡڿȴ𺳡
ķɳ˸仯һϡ
ЩĲùأֳޱ·
ЩȻһĳǽÿһһ޴ĳǽǽשĹµɽС
Īӿ˴˼ǣ䶯仯УӦһĴ
ɣǿгһԼһ򣬾ԻһƬը
ֱը㹻ǣȻҲӦûܵһЩ˺
Ӧ׷𴫳еԶ·Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Ŀ˼ϸ˼Բߡ׷ĴеؾһƬֲҪƽ󣬲ܹ롣
˿һĻֲۣ֮̿Ѫ·˵䣬ɹǺڰʦ˵ļ䣬󷨡ĵޱȡ
ͫâÿһ˿仯˺ֵĳԺ
ϥգпʼѸٵ
ģԺﱻһķͼ
Уı仯˿ĳԺ
Ȼ䣬бһƾâ磬𣬷ѪǹѪ
ವһǹ޺âѭ켣˲Ϣеһ֮ǹǷյĿռȥ
ԭȥ˿Ϸ죬˴˼ǣ󣬾Ȼǲ㱻ͱһ϶
ʱǵͬǻԣ˺ѿһ϶©˳
κͬޱȵĲԹϢ·ӳв
һЩǵȻʼʢɫ֦Ҷɷǹ졣
ಣ
һ˿©˲Ϣ̳˰ǹݺᴩ壬©ø䡢㡣
ʼձ¶һ˶ߵ䶴ڣӿ
·һ֮š
ź棬ϡƵĹ˻װĴԿɽӵľ޴ڹӰ
һݣ֪ʧæ롣
һĸ磬͸оһԶãϢ
¾Ȼȫ׾ɵ޾ԶĵطԿµĵг
Щ滹һɢľľ
ÿһľͷϣʵʵϸСơ
˶ߣ飬˸ϢдУɷ졣
Ŀ޾Զĵطһû˸֮ϣڱεɽסȥ·
ɽۣ֮޾лۣâɡ
ԿһӰӰ´£ɽϵΡ빬
ǹߵۿͷֻܿɽľ޴ƽţɢ޾Զ
·һִգһ̲ͣȼա
еأоǹﴫϢа֮ϣƵ۵ʼ˷ܵ˻
ԿԸоЩ⣬Ȼ԰ӿޱȿϢ
·ǻƽʲôǡ
˷ܣҪϹȥͻȻһ˻֮·Ұ޵ĺУ쳹ء
ţ
ͷһݣ׷ȥ֮γɵĴеأȻԪĴǿ󣬵ҲǼ¡
Ȼ˿̤ʥΪС˿ҵ
ǺأȻǴǻƽ𹬵⴫
оѣಣŲ̤գľѸţܿɽߴΡĻƽ𹬵ǰ


1786 봫֮
ɫ׾ɵĹƣȱպϵĻƽţɽǰ
һ⹬ţͿԸоһԨ纣ɲ⣬ǿ˿ҪϢϢӹһ̲ͣĴ
ҪƿŽ룬Ȼһݡ

һ˻𣬴ӻƽϴ
ֻƽϣԭӡаɸߵɫȻĻ˹
ƿƽţצЯĪɵӴž졣
ڻƽζһ˫ͫ³ŭϢ˵Ĵߡ
ʥصػޣ̤ʥأۻ˴
ͷʹϵͫ׶ͳ׹ؼ¡
ġ
üͷ΢壬˿û
׷֮еġҪ˵ʲôη֮飬ǰҲޡ
һǻԪĺֵܣȴʥ年ᣬѻԪ󻹱Ԫɱ֮γĴеء
ƷӵȻʲôøС
ֻҪȡԼҪĶ
κζɱˡ
컯ʥӣ̤ʥ˿̵սޱǿẦһ˯ʮػ顣
ѪǹһѪɫ˷ɳΧƷѪǹ˻սŨҡ
Яĺ޹âѪ⵱ѭ켣ߣ糤գһǹ˺գϯ޾Ѫˡ
䣬һǹֱնϺɫϡ
˲Ϣ䣬ϵ޵ǹâײҫ۵ĳķչ
֮ϣڵƶ˲Ϣ䱻޾ĳɢ
ǿȥһһĲҽУʯСۣ˲Ϣ䱻ѪǹʮƬ
ÿһƬۣ羫꣬˺գɢؼ䡣
ţȻû׷𴫳еγɵ飬ʵӦÿȴһǹѸжϳػ޵ս
Ͼһǹȥа˰ٶڽ
۵ܿסһǹЩʵ
׷ȻƷӣǱϾλʵɲ⡣
ŭʮĹȥһֱ𴫳еأϸ˸
ھȻ˴ʹУ쵽һ˿в
Ϊػ飬ܵҪв
ϵ˸ͫһſţǴСա
ÿһЯſֲĻϢΧƶ궯
˲Ϣ䣬㣬ȥ
üͷ΢壬а֮˺˺ʼǡ
ת˲ͳһΡΡ룬ǧɣƵľľ
ľһߣһƬƬֺ̺ҶϣһֻֻۼȻɢֲϢ˻ɢĪɵ⡣
һӴҶϢһֻֻˣٻȼգնȼճһ׶
һֻֻڿնɢֲЩ䣬Щ˷׷ſ˾޿ڣȻһһ˽ȥ
ÿɵһϵˬ໺УӴ˶һЩ
Ȼǳ
еϺһĻͷЩıըʥߣᱻˡ
ھȻǹŹֵĴϣ̾׵ĸ̳Եˣ
ⲻػƽϺŭɶ
һԶϺŷӴһ£˶ơ
Ӵ壬Ϊ׳ֱȥ
ͫﱬâȫȻתһɹɾ۵ĲƣѪҺʼͬ󽭴ӹϵӿ
ΧգͶĴ𵴵졣
Ųڵһ㣬䣬ֱ˺ѳٹĹ֡
ڵ𣬸ͲܣֱӸϺײ
֮ǿͣ嵱жһָޱȡ
ŶݼףͻƵǵѹ컯ʥӣŵ˵ƶǳ
˿ֻǵһҲȫ޾һϺ
䣡
ǳϺײһ
˲Ϣ䣬˳Ǿ޴צϺȥ
̡̣
Ϻȴֻ滮һ׺ۡ
˼̵ϺȻ
ȫѪ죬ǹһĳˮ˲ϢǹӰӡ
Ѫǹǹͻ潻֯·ǧɫ̫ŹմƬ飬Ŀռ籩Хϯǹơ
һǹֱӶϺͷ
ǡ
һ죬Ϻʹ˻Ӳͷ­ϾȻһ϶
ԭֻ׷һЩԪѪ
־µϴӣʵʻ塣
壬ôܹӲ˿̵Ǿһ
ϺձѪǹ˳ѿķ϶롣
䣬춯صıըУԪ׷ѿķɢݡ
ʱ򣬻ƽſڴϺͼɫȥ
һ̣ˣƽţȻȻ
һصд治ϴ
ᣬʡ
ÿһַصɢ˿˿ƵϢơ
г
ڽıԴ
ֻ䣬¶˾֮ɫ
˿Ѿĵ⣬׷νʮֵ̡
ֻһ֪̾صԣ˵Щʲô
ЩδţӾ
׷
һ棬ܹõԴȻʮҪܹĥԼ׷׷õһ׷Ҳõ顣
һ̤УͱһɺΰƵϢ·ɽѹͷ
һ˳Ϣڵķȥ
ȻͿһģӴӰڴ롣
Ӱ·һɢϢϺɫۣӿµĵȻҲʣ·ԪĶ
ֻǿһۣһ˼ֱа֮ϵ⣬Ӱһɹĵϣ˵ΧƯһ̲ͣ˷ɢݡ
˵м䣬ȴȭͷСĿ׶
ǿ׶УһɻϢɢͬͷųǿѹ
ѹ֮ǿԶʶκһȻʮϤһϹŵ𡪡Ԫ
ǹɻҲԴϢ֮
׶ǻԪµȭˣѵǰģ׷ʬ壡Ȼ
ħӵУ̳˻Ԫ²ʱ˽⵽׷𱻻Ԫնɱ
ܺãôȥˡܴ
ʱһѹڴ֮Ȼ
ͻһȥ֮ǰǰģӰ棬


1787 ׷л
İĴ֮УǰǾԭΪѾʬӰȻթʬһ㣬۾Ȼ
һʱ䣬İĴ֮У·վɫƣϬĿ⣬ͬһ㶴ڰ
о㤣Ȼһ˭ֳȳҲзë
׷û
ͷ
ԭͻɣԪû䡣
ôͬģ׷ûҲ֣ҲֻˣԼӡʶ
ĻЩˡ
Ԫֵܣʵﵽλǿߣδ֮ǰʲô׵ľٶ
ôˣܹʵѵá׷Ӱһ̲ͣĲٻء
ĬֻĬĬĿ׷ж׷ʵĸе׷ڵѾʮ⡣
ǲл𡭡
ԺͷֻһƲл꣬׷ʬϣôԼԣҲǶô¡
ǰĴߣ˵ĪǰµĴУѯʡ
򣬱Ϸʮǰ׷أ˵컯
˵䣬׷ƵĿ·Ҫ翴͸һ㡣
е׷ʶ̽һݣæԼħԪ֮Ȳܱ׷ֵĶڲ
ͬڹǿ޷򣬡󷨡γɵĻ춴ȵȶһڸǣΪЩ׷ֵĻɡ
ϾһߣЩġ
Щ֮Ѿƽ˺ܶ࣬Ȼˣ׷һĿ΢
ԭΪʲôǼߣżȻǣ츳Ҳһ㣬ˣ׷ҲҪϾƫԶ֮أҪһ׿ԼĴ˼ܡ
ֻҪܴĴУ׷Ѿ֪㣬û뵽ǣ츳ǳĺá
츳Ȼôá
׷еţʵԸ֪̽츳̽鵽Ļޣټ׷ֻʣ²л֪꣬ǿҲһ㣬׷֪սĻҪˡ
ǰˣ츳ֻͨЩһЩ̸Ѫĵرнĳɾ͡赭дĽ͡
ĵر׷һͷѪ̣ƺ޵ϢûĵرĸȷʵܴﵽȾأܵõĵر֤˵ãټĸڣҲʸϷĴˡ
׷΢΢ͷĿۼϣƺڵȴ¶ϲı顣
ȻľȻѹûʲôӦ
׷üͷ΢΢һ壬չ⣬ǰ껹֪ʲôˣҲ֪Ĵζʲô
׷һ˵Ż֪ϷݣϷǧ֮һ׹𡪡׷𣬵Ϸ߳ʵУٮٮߣϷ׷칬򶥼Ƽ˽ܣֱ׷һɽ
ϷѡˣͽĸȫͬͽֻǽڴУѡˣڴУὫеıͨ㣬ڣ̳һңѾ޵ľ磬ӦϷ˵Щζʲôɣ
׷˵ţľȻĵ˵ͷ˵
š
׷һšϳƺЩǿܹڻԵǰ治ɫԵǲѹᣬȡĳɾ͡
׷˵ţȻӰʼһ̤գ˲Ϣǰ
ǿƲ϶ϵӣֻһ֮Զ룬ԸܵһӴѹ٣·һ񣬿Խʱĺʮ¾ͷ
׷ȻֻʣһƲл꣬ʵˣѹڣ΢΢˾衣
ܸоǰĲл̺꣬ԴȻֻһƲл꣬С
Ը̳Ϸ²׷һһ٣
Ȼ׷вʣΪߣȴҲԸԼһѧʧؼ䣬ôС
һ˵̳ǰĴУӦûô򵥰ɣ֪ǰʲô
׷Цͫɢ⣬ʣʮֻ㱡
̳²Ҫһġ׷˵䣬ͫһ䣬ŨŨԹ
Ҫ㷢ģ̳²֮һҪѰһԪϹĵͳնɱɾǲ£ضΪ𣡡
׷ĻвεŨɱ⡣
һ¶Ź֮ɫʵԣѾԤˡ
նɱɾԪµĵͳǲɱ𣿻Ԫֻһ˼̳²
ţ׷ֵ֮⣬㻹ҪδϵΪռĵرֻһƲл꣬Ȼطʮʱ䣬Ѿ࣬ãΪ
һطƾ֮꣬ȡ꾫ֲյĻΪռ꣬ԽǿԽŵ꣬ЧԽã
֮ԭǻǵĿǣǿĻǣһ䣬ͻữɻʲôӡ䶼һҷûκθá
׷ʹĸ֣ħν
ô˵̳ǰĴ֮벻ɱˣΪǰꣿʵ
һ;ԭɱ֤˭ˣҲҪҲȱãҪ֮ΪѰһʺ϶


1788 ׷֮
׷һ˵꣬Цԭ׷´֮أôȥܽһƲл
꾫Ҫɱ
׷Ҳû˵֮·ɱ֤ߣɱ˲٣ԪСħɶˣ޵ħ֣׷깦мƣȻһ㣬ڣδȥɱһЩ޹ˡ
ôѵԸô˻ʮ꣬ϷǷųϢ˵Ҫһˣ֪ж˻ἷͷϷԼ㾹Ȼԥ
׷üͷһ壬ƺΪá
ĵȻԸģǰ˵òɾʹɱˣʲôɳڣҲɱԪ𡭡
ò˽һЩʮǰսʼĩ
Ȼʻȴƺ׷ʹߣԪϹԭҵĽֵܣȴΪһҷĿɳǶҳ֣򶼴ˣݻ٣ն𣬴ǳǧΪһֻʣһƲл꣬ҲòӡԼӲдȴʱǲͳưոݣ
׷ĬĬˣ׷˵ǣ˵Ǵྶͥ
ȥäĿκһȻε˵ټԼʥ֡Ĺطжϳ׷Բʵ
νΪһĿɳɾǺˡ
ΪʲôĿɳͶˣҲ׷Ϊһݣֻ׷Ҫúħìܻ۶
ر˵̰̫ˡ
ɫĬһ֮˵ԭôǰҪ󣬶֮С
ã
׷ͷȻˣͽҵĴУȽҴеһ̣ҵĲл꣬Ҳľڣ㾫֮ӡҪΥԣ
˵䣬׷лͻȻӿһƵĵɫлȻ³Լϡ
Щ·һ㣬лʶϿա
һ׷ĲлһЩͬʱһĻ͵سʶ
ء
һ֮ʶϷʱһŲɫӡ֮γɵӡ
׷Ĳл꣬Ƿֳһľ֮пӡ
ߵľ֮ǼΪĵط֣ȻǼΪΣյ飬׷Ϊһƿ
Լ͸ľ֮УҲˣС
ѾҵĴˣպҵĲлӴ˾ͻһֱ굱УΥԣұ㾫֮еӡ˲𡣡׷ĲлӰ˵
˿̻ǿԵĲЩɫӡʵ׷лһ֡
Ϊ˳ƿԼ׷ϧѾزȱķֻУٷֳһ
ڣҾͽд㡣Ѿ֮ӡ׷𣬲ٵκ仯Ȼǲлʮġ
ҵĴУһѽ׷֮鱦ϡǽնɱǿߣǿƥ¹ƣֻҵϢκ˿ǽʹ룬ԱҲ᲻ڡ׷ĵ
⻰һݡҿղûɱ׷Ĳл꣬롣
ʱһϢƵļ䣬л괫˹
˲Ϣ䣬֪׷֮ľ䣬һ֪һشϢĸҲԼҪѰҵļƷԴҲ׷֮¡
ռе·߷Уд˰ʱ䣬һֺĴ֮У׷սķıڻûʣȻ׷ĸۡ
һɽʯҫͬ硣
һԭʼԴϢڴÿһ䡣
ԴϢŨĵطǴϵ
ֻϷɢ޾Ŀ˾η
磬˺գ˲͵Ǿϡ
׷ϣʶҲ׷лڣɢԭ׷Ϣ
Ǿֻոտ񱩵˻һϾͲɢ׷ϢʱСèһԹ˾档
ȥ߸ϣ
ȴ֪ⲻ׷֮ı
ʵ׷֮ǽ
ֻϣ޾Ѫӿ˫ۡ
ԭڴ׾ʯľӲӽǧڵ£˺һ졣
ɽĴҲһ£һҫ۴ĿĽ˳
һԶޱȵϢӴϴ
˷ܵ˻мϸС˿ӽɢݳֱӽΧռ䶴ϸ΢տ׶
ֻǰγһСϣ׷֮˺εȵǿ󡪡һ鱦
ȫѪ죬ʼһΡһΣӴ׷֮ϰγ
ʼϵĲ·ʱңңһ㡣
¡һ£ɳ׷֮ڱȫ˳
˲Ϣ䣬͸о·һֻ񱩵ԼϲҪѡ
׷Ĳл꣬һƵϢɢݳ
һǲлϢ׷֮·η壬ȻʼѸٵСֿϢϼ
֪ʧа֮Ѹˮ˽ȥ
ǣһ·ϴݿ࣬ζȼգϵں׷֮еϾԼӡ
׷ıѾĳ˵Ѿ֮Ҳֻ׷Ĳл꣬׷֮һ־־Ҳ׷£ջˡ
ûöãͳȫı


1789 е
׷֮γ֮Ȼǻ˹
ͨͨ
һ·Զ׷֮洫
ÿһ£שʯκβϣһ
Դ׷õļƷԴ
׷֮µĶһԴԼԣ׷֮Ҫ
׷µԴȥһֻС˸ɫĹڴĵѨ
С壬ÿһһĪɵ·ܹݻһеԴӿգķռ䡣
ԴΧϸܵģľֲ
Ϊһ壬Ŀֲǿ
ȻĴڣ֧ʮ겻಻
ˡ
С̽ȥûԴоһɫ׹Լֱϡ
ǿ޵Ȼɫ׹⣬̵ֱһʹ
ܵЩʹзЩϲԴ֮ǿǳ⡣
һᣬ֮Ѫӿһֱͬۡ
ֱӽССԴһץס
ۼ׼ӳֱۣԴǿ׹⣬ֻ滮һǳǳۼ
սԴȻ־оһСһ㣬Դ̺
ţԴ·˾޴УӴ
С
ƽ棬һ׾ʯУ˿˿Ƶɢݳ
Χڻ̲صԴɢҫ۹
Żƽգ޾һɹϽ𡢳𡭡סɫ⻪磬׷ƽӿ
ȫԴȥ
ӿһֱһ㣬ֻоٵԴԽԽأҲԽԽ
Դɢݳ˿˿׹⣬ֱӶգ˺ѿֲĿռ籩

һֱԴھֹ³һ
ʱղŻɢݳ׹ĻƽǱȡ˾ԪѪĲˣʧȥյĹ
ȥ׾ʯ˸΢ĹâΧЩ׷սѪȱڻĹ⵱ħȥǯ}ˡ
һ̲ͣϢʼٵʧ
֪һжԴɵġ
Դ൱ԴͷõԴͷЩǰɢݳȥҲعԴС
ЩȻᱻࡣ
ұĴУ׷֮СȻѵõԴ²˳٣ʼ̳ҵ²ɡץסǰѽУȫֻҪܸӦˮ齻ڣ׷֮Ҳջƽ׵Կܼ̳ҵһСȻĸʱ㾫֮µӡҲȫЧӡС׷ĵ
һ׷֮׷֮Щй׵ԴľģȷʵǺöڻԪĴС
׷Լڵ䣬ȴΪ鷳Ͼ׷ںܾǰϵʵɲ⣬׷ֻвл䣬ҲǿֲĴڡ
΢˾ϡ
һֻץס׷֮˳ŸղץԴľѨ˽ȥ
䣡
ȫÿһʼӿ׷֮С
׷֮ʱ̫һŹһҫ۵Ĺţ飬׷֮ȫС
˲Ϣ䣬һĸо׷֮Ĺ˲Ϣӿȫ
·׷֮Ѫ죬ÿһϣѪںһ𣬱ÿһ֡
ͨͨͨ
ʼоȻƽ׵ϡ
ŲԽԽǿңڱƽ׵ںϼӾ硣
ಣа֮죬ɢǵ˴֮С
ƽ׵ɫȻĸа֮ӽһЩø
һѳڣ˻𣬱ӨӨӯռ䡣
ÿһ칲ǱĬĶԻƽ׵һ˿ı䡣
ƽ׵ԭ
ƽ׵ȫںϵһɲǣҲ˻ƽ׵ȫòڲṹ
ȷһ㣬ƽ׵ʵ漣֮ϿƯ漣
껹ǵʱ򣬸ոɱ޻ǰܴ½ĴܵŶ̫Ƶ룬ǰŻظ磬ھŻأһ˵漣
漣纣¥һ翣ޱȣ񺣴ܣҲ뿿
漣Ϊδ֪ԭƮ漣֮Ʊ̽漣ΪնʹӢ۽漣Ҫһ򾡡
漣ԣνرȴҲΣշǳ
û뵽гһգ漣ҪԼˡ
Ҫ漣ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬ľ֮׷ȥ䣬ʼȻǱ룡
ԭ׷Լ̳деʱ򣬾Чʱ
Ҫ֮һɲǣȻ֮УԼϢеͬһӿ
ӿ֮У۵ģһҺɫ壬ħ
ħƻ׷ӡĲлֳȥ
׷ǰǿһƲлֳȥҲܵħ
꣡
һ죬׷֮еӡֱӱݻ٣
ͬʱе˳ɢ汾ԴϢĪɵƷڳ
ʲô
׷һУͻıʣʼδԭΪϾҪӡû뵽Ȼ֪˺ַͻȻ˿ֲӡֱӴݻ١
ӡ׷ҲܵķɣԭȻģ


1790 ׷
㣡׷ĲлҵĲŭգʵϷ򣡣
׷ŭͬʱҲΪȻ˵Ѿǲл꣬겻һλ˵ʵʮǧˣĶҲһСܱģôܱһʥڵСˣˡ
СӣõʲôֶΣ
׷оޱȵʱȻϢУܵһޱϤҲޱϢ
һʱ䣬·𱻵һ£ͫﱬĨâ
ԭ޵Ӱƴǡ
һĪɱ˳Ǳߵ
֮ϾȻк֮·ƣڴϿջ죬˾ɺŭ
Ĭе׷֮âɢȥ
һƽ׵ͻȻѸСɢ⣬˰ƴСоİ档
ûȫɱ׷Ĳл꣬׷֮ͻƽ׵ʼ޷޹˼ɵʹá
㱳ѻԪʱ򣬿죿ΧĹ߿ʼŤ磬Χγ
⣡ãõúܣ׷ͫ΢̲סֲͫĹ⣬ϡ
ԭͼ̳˻ԪĴУԼϢƭң
׷ҧгݣСӾȻǻԪˣ
֮һƲл״̬ʮ꣬Ȼȵ˳˵Ĵ׷𲻿ǣȻûϳǰСαװĴУˡ
Сӣ
׷ͫâĿһɺƵ֮ףڡ
Աŭ׷һУڶȻӿһɭȻϢħޣĻӰӰ´¡
ЩڵĻ۳һ޴ӣɭȻƶ֡
ħ֡
ǲ׸Ҫֱӱħ־룬ͱһĺݺѹ
ÿѹһ£֮ȥһ֣գȫɢ
һĻ׷ɫޱȣһСӵеֶΡ
㵽˭㲻ʥߣ
׷֪Уʥ߾޷ԭϸȷϣȷʵֻǸʥ϶ӳƿء
׷ϻħصתƯĽ¡
ߣΪϷκβ㣡׷һߣһﴫ߿ʼһЯطϵķġ
Щγһӭ籩ǣ·ض硣
ֻоһ˲䣬ͭͫףâ
ͬʱУһſŷ·ǳСɢֲ
Ȼ·εĴ֣һ˲䣬оԼá
ƾһƲл֮꣬Ҳγв죬׷ʵ̫ǿ٣粻ڣȴƾл꣬ǿ
ȻǿӲ׷ȴٴУѾ꣬ǰˣ͸¶Ź졣
˫ſ󻯵ռӿ˻գʼҵҪɡ
ɫžƽ֣һڰĹۣҫеĺڰ۳һ˸ŲԹۻϢĻҺɫ壬ġ
ħһ֣ΧĿռ䶼һĪŵС
ȻƴСȴһʮֵĸоһڰ棬ɭȻɲ
ÿһڹ⣬ԨУɢ
һСĿ·δֺݺסȥ˲ϢʧøɸɾֱӸ׷Ļʧȥϵ
һǻҺɫ壬׷ûɵĻһɫ䡣
ǲл֮ħʮУһڱܵη壬оֻǿҺɫһۣͺǶҪȥһ
ʲô
׷ϵħȻ֪飬Ƕħȴһ֪
ħУȻһɷ·ܹһеĺڹ⡣
Ǻڹķչ˷ˮƽϯȥ
ղѹ磬ǺڹһȻ׷顢׷ӡȫĨɱ
ֱӱڹϯɡ
һĻ׷ɫ䣬ĻڹǰȻ˵Ĳһ
ǳ׸оǺڹ⵱Ԩ纣ɭȻɲ
ǲκ㲻ãϧֻ꣬ҲԻ÷γɣϾû磬òԪûʲôв
Įֱӽħ
һʱ䣬γ˿ֲС
ڹϯ׷ֻоһɿֲԼϣһ޷ܵķ֮˻𣬵Ǳڹ⳹֡
С
ħ˲Ϣ俪ʼϵ׷ʹ⵽ʲô˭
׷о㤣Ȼ֪ħ飬ָоħǲں췢һУѾȫ֪
׵֪ðĿֲ꣬Уȴǡǡһȫǿ󵽲˼̶ȵ
ϳ
Ϳɡ
Įע뵽ħ֮С
ɫУʼ׷áͲҽС
Թţг˲ʣĽʵ̫ңб˵ĴȡԼĲлҲɱ
ܲޣ
Ȼƾħ֮УһƲл꣬ʲô˻
һֱһʱ䣬׷ȥ
Ųæִ߶ħһӵʱ䣬ͣ
һ̣׷ĲлӡѾȫħĨȥˡ
ǶһƲлֻ꣬вԭʮ֮һǿȣ־ʮʱˣȴҲҼħܽƾħ֣ɱ鵭Ȼħ
Ҫ׷֮ƽ׵ںϡʱ򣬾֪׷ҪУĸʱɱҪ¶ʵΪԪ̳˵ݣԣľͽħ׼
׷ǲлһֱ֣ӽħ˳
ħֱһûֵĿǡλĲл꣬ɲħĶ֡
׷лɢƽ׵׷֮ϸղ׵
һеʱмչ˾ʧ˴롣
ƴƬƬɢ±¶˴Ƭĺڰ
һƬڰ룬˸׹Դһ绡У·׵
ԴѾõ֣ϻ֮棬һЩƷİ׾˫Ѿ죬ҾͿͻ˫а⣬ͻ˫ʵٽһ
Ҫȥ磬Ѱʥˣ


1791 ˫
죬ǹá
ңԶΧһˣͬǻƽսûн
Ķ̫˾塣
ܿҫɽ·ܹըѿ
ƺڼսǵʵܿ塣
ͻȻ䣬˺Ȼһҫ۵Ĺ
ǹâĿޱȣһ۶̼档
ƬƬʼѸ糱ˮѸкȥ
ֻǰʱ䣬ޱյ򣬾Ϩ˵ĵƻ𣬳˿ﻹһЩƣҲܲκһ֮
⡭Ƿʲô£
ǣʧɫ
ʷ漣֮Ͽգ񺣴̤УҲһҪ򣬾ȻͻȻʧˣֱţ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮԵСħɺŮɫȴϲɫ
һ˵УֻСħʵߣ˸˰һһ
ָѾԴ
СħĿȻͿİĵط
յУ˫ֱַоŻ֮ǼƷԴԶԶĿȥоһڡһ̫
ë³Яٻǻ֮еͬš
ÿ˸һ£ռ䶼ֽһǳһƬգռ籩Хݺᡣ
ɼǻǺεȡ
˫з磬һȻһƬأٻ˽ȥ
˲Ϣ˶¯һ㡣
ֽѵĸҩ׾Լ֮ͼƷԴͨͨ˶¯С
Ȼ󣬿ʼ
Ĺ̲Сħɵ㹻Ķǡ
ÿһƤ³˴𣬺˶¯С
һըһǵصĻ˺أһ𣬽ǵǻɫ󣬶ƺܵ˳·ǳҪ׹
ƺƴ޼
ʱ֮УǰһȭͷСͬĵҩ
һǲףһǳ棬¿ֲ
һⵤҩ̷װıը춯
һͷ۾Ӷ貹⻪ֱʣӲޱߵɢ
ԭգ·ܵĳٻдƬƬǻ¡
ſźƴ貵ǳ޾ңԶǿͷзʽ˺޾ڰҫһ硣
һǳͬգҫĿһɼµ
ǣΪ»桱Ǿ֮һųƺ⣬ɫٲһ㴹䣬оɿֲСħɻһ㼦Ƥ
֮Уһ·֣۳һ·סϵҫǳ
ɼµ⣬ǵصĵͼϣһһڻ֡
谭ͻƵǵͼŵͼʮ㣬·Ҫһ㡣
˫ָҪʼͻˣһĻСħȽָˡ
ߵУﶸȻ䱬һɾ˵Ѫ
һ̲ͣıװ춯·һڸա
ΰθߣ⿪ʼǳһƲÿ񱩶ͷ۵ľ޴Ӱ˷·ǴѪصޣ˫ͫȼյ̫˿ֲĹ⡣
̧ͷҫ۵һǳʱȻһΡΡ룬ɽĲ
ֱʣӴζĻƣƺƵ
һޱȣ·Զյķ֮ڳǹΧŤ˺ѡ
ⳤǹһ֣а֮ϵ˶׷ײϡ
һѪҲеǹۡ
ڰǹʼ·ħһǹͬǧ̫ըҫǿ⡣
䣡
εض˫һȡ
µĿռ䶼ĳ´ƬƬ粣ѡ
˴ڳǹǹһ
ֻڳǹͬһǳϵĵͼ
䣡䣡䣡
ڳǹÿһǣ֮ǹǣÿһǶȼյ̫ײ˵ͼϡ
ͼʼˮһ
һҫ۵Ĵ·ǻȴǺ˲ǳľ޴
ʱһһӵĹȥ
Щʱеͼ飬ǹ©¡
Ҳ˥ߣϸ̼Ǳܣٴγϡ
һĳڰϿյն粣˺顭
ӰȫѪ֣еĵͼײһˮĹģģ
ܽľ֮ʱֻһ죬춯صıը쳹ء
ǰĵͼȻ飬һɹɴ·ͬɢ
յУ˫˸ĿǻԻϡ
ĹͷѪ⣬ۿɱٶѸٻָ
˫ͻˣ
һͻ췣̰֮ͻ˫ӼһЩ
һΪ׼㣬ħʼĻ֣׷𴫳еԴǶ׻֮
Ϊʵټ֮ǰѾƹͻƵѾᳵ·ζ
˫Ӧ»ǡ
һλ磬˫֮ǳ֮磬ںϡ
Ҫ棬͵ڣǳ֮׻֮С
һ׻Ԫһ̨ס
Լ磬ǳϣ޴а֮ԡ޾ɫǻԣ֮
ƺΪͻ˫а֮ܵ洦øïʢ׳
ˣʵһҲΪֻһ˽磬һְա
٣ʱ䣬Ѿˡ


1792 ǰ
ȸ
ΪʵƺƴҪĴעⶼס
֮ǰͨŶ߲㣬ԵͻƵǵٳǧɫʱѾһȺǿߣڵȺˡ
ٻܴ½˴¼˭Ҳ
ȻЩǿû뵽ǧɫǾȻĿ˿ŵһĻͬ漣һ𣬶һˡ
ǴʮľΪĻع飬һҹ֮䣬ʧ
ԭֱΪ籩֮漣֮Ǳͨĺ飬ڳǿ߷˺һᣬоͬһ㡣
ûЩѾЩ͵Ǹ߲ǣֻǸЩòԵĴкʹǧꡢĸŮӣֱȸˡ
ȸĴ֮һڵΪ֪Ѿɸ
磬ûһӵĹ򣬾ͷɵһƬ¥֮ϣȸĻʹ
֪ʹӰһֱ׹ȥǧꡢСħɵ˽
һԺС
Ժ徲ţֲ˼Ƣ
Ժ֮Уһµʯǰݲ裬ͻȻһ£ʱڴԺһ˹ĳ֣ҲĪĳԾ
Ӻ긾ˣпǧ
ˡ

ϴλһѾʮ֮á
ԭҲĸͷ
Ȼۿ٣岻֪½磬ӰȫһЩ
ĸĸѾʱҲûøĸֻøĵرøĸӳǧ֮ࡣ
ʶĸʱʮģĸϵƣĵرȫɢˡ
ĸĸ֮һӤĵܵܡ
Դͳĸĸԣûߣܻǧ꣬Ҳʼջÿġ
ʮȥּﻹ࣬ȴǺʵĵһ壬ĸĸǼĺˣųݡ
ּҵﱲѾչ߰ˣٶȥּҺܿͻ֦Ҷïĸĸԣ龰ǿĵ顣
ϼСħɣ֪СħѾĹҸо͸ǿˡ
СħЩнĸ龰û뵽ġ
Сħ֪ܴǰĳиܵԼĵĹػϲ
ٶԱԼүүκʱʼηħʼСħаҲضСħִĸо
һԱȣĸĸСħɾȻȻһַĵ׽ˡ
ĸЦݣ˶ԽԽļ壬ЩԼЩµСǣҲο
Լʹĳأȹ٣Ҹάȥһ½磬Ҳᱻ꼰ֻʱѡ
ȸѵõʱ⡣
ÿճ˱ҪĴ⣬ĸһֳ̽գ븸ݲ衣
ӹһ¡ڴǱ˸ĸٴ̡̤
һգּˣǵ񺣴ȫͱĴҪۡ
ʢЩϲ졣
ϾںܶУǻԵıأû֪˷ȥʵΣעһޱȵ;
߰ɡ
Сħɣǧ꣬ĸ׻У޸ͣ룬Ȼų˻Ԫ칬Ůһƿգֱ򡭡

֮󣬾ֱ칬ѾȺʱˡ
ôοɫ΢΢һĸе뿪һµʱ䣬Ϣƺǿˡ
ˡ
ţô߰ɡ
˵꣬һû齢ֱ̤С
û齢Ҳζ˵Ļڣ칬Զһ⣬¹شĻڣȻúػʱѡ칬λãҲйˡ

ݸһŹϵĴͷ׭ķģϤ޷ķġ
ǵ·õĴͷڴػ㡣
ţ֪ˡ֪̽봫ͷУܿ˽⴫ͷʹ÷
ʱѾһƬȫŤĿռ䣬ռ֮Уʩչռط·ڿռԹд
ĸӵĿռ·ߣûһ˴ĻҪԼң֪ҪҶòҵ·
Ҳ֪ʱôطġ
ҲƵͼɡ
ţ;ϡһЩϵżߵĺǡ
Ҳ֪Щǵ˭µģǼʮǰǾԾˡ
漸ʮ꣬ûɹǷۣƾһ㣬ͿЩǰΪˡ
ЩǿڣȴͳͳˣҲ֪ʲôԭ
ˡ
ͣ˽Ųʱ򣬳ǰģһϵļ̳
̳֮ϣ˰߲·ƾõ֮ǿƣҲջȫɢ
ǰȻѾֲ˶ˡ
վڼ̳ǰż̳вԹŵϢĻҳѾ˺һˣһŲȥ˽档
߽̳һϼ̨̳ס
ȵȫϼ̳κ󣬶ʱ΢΢һ
ԭ̳мǿյģͷȥ澹һ޵ԨԨ޹⣬ףû֪浽ʲô
ø֪̽飬ȴ֣Լĸ֪УȻջأһݣʱˣԨѰӣײʱʱ̶̿ǿ񱩵Ŀռ֮
ζţԨʵͨһȿռ䡣
Ԩǿռͨ
ǻڣ
Ҳ˵̾Ϣ֮ǽı֮أϹӲĴͨһҲ֪ϹĴΪʲô
ôԨһˣǻ磬ǴѾ֪ܳܶҴǧδʹãȥ磬ձǧǰôʱ̫ࡣ
Ҿȥ˻磬ҲȫȷʥܷˣҲδ֪
΢΢ҡͷȻϣܸˣǶԽ˵ĿȴһҲá
óʲôʥĶأ
Ȼԣ̫ࡣ
վԨ֮ǰþòĬĬ̽˴Լ֪ʶϵݣյĳ̶ȡ
Ʈ˵ǰչ˺ҵļˣұȻҪȥģ۽Ρ
˵仰Ǻڰ׵Ԩȥ


1793 λ
Ԫ磬λǧٴһϴĽ硣
Ԫ½Աİ˳ȴ긲ǻѩЩѩ硣
Ϊѩ鲼ԭԪǣ֮ܶȻ岻ͬĻˣԻ򣬶ǵĺУ깥Ч˷ʤΪ졣
Ԫ磬һΪССӲ࣬Թȴ˲˽ܣʢ
һΣСΧѩɣһȺСӣڱԭ̽ʲôһȺӣŶʮˣŮ롣
Ϊ׵һüߣߣһŮӣŮ£ɴʳһ
ʦ壬֪֮ǰ鱨׼ȷôѾ˼ˣƺûֱܷİټ
ѪͳȻһ֣ҲǾޣһ󤣬¹شܱһõԼĻޣǺô֪ˡ
ҡͷ˵ҲֻƲѣǰЩ죬СͻȻռ֮ңҺأӰ˷ԱķΧӦǿңյ㣬ͬʱͨռ뺮ַģƵģǱˡ
ǰŮһü΢ӣƺо˵ʼղôףЦֻԵͿ󣬾ҵ󤣬ҲδܽޣδԸţˣҲһ鷳顣
˵䣬еӲڵˣɱҩƳҩȻ
Ȼӵ˵ʱߺݺݵһɣ˶컯֪ķ˶˺ͻۣģôɱҩţң
˵ţǵӶʱӣ˵ˡ
ܶȻʵˣɺأȴ˺ֻأԸһЩԼ˵顣
ǰıˣ
ָŲԶıǱԭޱȺΰȴƺնһأĺܴһ飬ˡ
㲻ʲôֶͨΣСԼҲǷԲ֮ڣıЩǱѰˡ
ֻ˭ʵǿȴеû½Բڣϰıȥһأ˿һЦء
ɴŮӵͷȷʵνĳھ٣ֻ֮࣬µĺۼ
˼ţʱͻȻ䣬ԶĵӴ˾
ţֱټˣ
ųһ϶ֹô㶯ֵܷƬʲôģҲ˴ϲĽչˡ
Ǽæȥֻһʮ߰ŮӴĿǰ¡һѩ㶵ĵѩˡ
ˣ
һٸʧ߸ŵľŮҲ΢΢ҡͷڴı֮ϣǲϡ棬ǿǶķˣҲߣÿıж֪жȥ飬кܶ౻Զ벻֮£÷档
һ߶ѣôС֡
ֵĿ֮ǰеСŮһۣ֮Ҳֵþô
ŮЩί˵ұҲΪʬ壬ûоʲôģҿָͻȻһ¡
ţţ
߾ˣߵɴŮҲ΢΢һ˵
Ӽæȥѩ¶ѩ֮£һɫ԰׵ꡣ
Ǹ꣬ʮӣȷʵ
ɴŮЩ죬ǰûкѪȻתƺѪӡ
ֻƺʲôˣЩңЩΪˡ
齢ϣһЩҩܻܲͿ컯ˡ
ɴŮ˼Ѱұˡ
ǰϯĿռ籩Ϊ֮ıˣС㲻Ǳ󤣬ҲӦʲô챦Ŷԡ
ǴĵǰܸЩջ

Ѿ߽˷䣬ɴŮӵ˼ιҩǾһûһչš
Сʮ̫ˣҲȣ֪Ǻǻأ˵ʲô£ʳġ
ĿأСҲʲôˣԪ磬ûʲôҶǵġ
Ѿţչһ꣬Ȼиˡ
СԪ磬Ӧþǻ˰ɡ
ţСȻ꣬ǳ
ʵЩ죬ȻڷѩУǻԣΧһУ
ߣɴŮӡȡ˵ĳҲĿ
ʵϣûЩˡʩȡҲֻǳЩ츴չѡ
򵽻Ŀռ籩ڻ£һµ;ȫһʼԤơ
𣬹Ʋðա
ԼҲû뵽
ԭԼԿռ籩һֱѣķΪΪܹӳǿı졣
ȻʵǴ̫õʱ䣬Ѿưܲ
ڴͽеһʱͻȻ֪ôģһɢȥನ˿ռͨһ㡣
ԭҲǶǿһȻÿռͨơ
һ˿Ƶĳֿ֣ľ޿ڣͨ巢
ռ籩˶ӿͣǶ϶֮ĻԺڷ磬һУڣ¡
ƴֵڲѵ£õԽԽǿԭѾƵĿռͨܲסһ
ӿٶȣҪſռͨױ֮ڡ
Ȼգûüӽڵʱռͨʼˡ
ҲһУ˻Ԫ칬
Ԫ칬һΪ𼶵ͨĸ죬Ȼ˻Ԫ칬֮Уǿµķ籩֮Ѿӿռ֮ͨһԪ칬ĻܣûԪ칬ġ
սľȻڻԪ칬֮УҲֱӳ˿ռ籩ϴ
Ϊٸߣֱӳ϶еĿռ磬ҲܲסѪھϡ
ʱ̣ԴʧĻԪ칬ּ׷漣漣һ֧£ǿӽ˳ڡ
ڱʱ̣漣ҲľԴʧɼ϶֮Ŀռ籩ж¡
޷ֻһΪͻ̾Ϣ֮ǽϱڡ
漣Ҳľ֮ʱشҧ˻磬ʱռ籩Űһʱ˲Һ˵ıģΧ̣ҪȻԲﶼҪͿ̿ˡ
һ͸֧鱦ûһʱ㹻鱦ûʹˡ
ⲻ⣬鱦ؼԼҲ˺صˣз࣬ⳡ֮ãһʼͲ˳


1794 
˰
ڴ˼ԼһʲôʱһŮŽһˮӱԵһë
ŮֻʮģС˵ģƤˮ۹⻬۾ģΪɰ
ȻŮʱȴЩסˡ
°ͣйŹ֮ɫ
עŮΪŮһ죬֪˵ʲôˡ
ӣ㡭
һδµŮӣһİſʵʧ£ȻСѾߵλ£СһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ʱѾջĿ⣬Щʵ㡭ࣿ
ղţʮŮСλã˵Ĵڡ
Ҳֻ֮ҲԪĸڡ
Һֵǣߣǵ޾ԪϵģҲȴؿʼ⡢ࡢ׽͹ǡһ·Ϊպĺ졢»
ǰСѾߣһ޵δһŮӣеͬѰ
ѵľԪϵʽͬ
ڻ磬һСѾߡ
ǰôˣ
СѾһ˫۾Ŀƺ˵ʲôֵġ
Ŷûм׷ȥˣ˼
һС֣˺ܶϢЩϢȴԤеԼƺһ൱顣
λ֮ãҪʥ±ԼԭĻҪѡ
СѾߣʵôռ˼ɣ
СѾ߲ĿΪʲôֹŹֵ⣬ǻشܶడռҲǱȻһЩģرԪ½͸ˣģǻˡ
СѾߵĻش֤ʵеĲ²⡣
Ϊȷϣ׷ʵûн硭
СѾ룬Щʧҡͷ岻ʺǱȲϻģʲôǿߵģǺѵģ㣬ڵ߰ɣҪɹ߰ɣҪܶˣɾ񺣣Ҳһһѡ
СѾ˵ͷԼĺĺ飬˼Ҷ֪ģԼ˵ô
ҲˣΪ񻹲ӣôʲô֪ɽƵġ
Ҳĳֽ̳ͽܣŸոճɽɣ֣ټء
СѾţ裬ëʼšëеˮ
ȴ˳˼
ӸղŸСѾ̸߽ϢУѾ²⡣
ǻûȴǻĺ档
ǵ˵ڼʮǰʮʵ۷֮һڣֻϵ壬ʵѾûˡ
۷ʱռʮĺüأֹһ
һδ̾ϢǽĿռϱʧһδʥͻĴս棬ʳ
ʣһ棬棬ʥռˡ
⣬ǰڵ棬ڼʮǰռ档
ԭ
ռ֮ｨԴֳ˿ڡ
廹壬ûбϾɱ
ֻŻ˿ڵĴǨ룬ʮܣѾռƬ棬˿ϣҲ塣
ҹؼǣƿҪԴֻΪƽռƫԶ
֮Уٵ֣ܶ˾֮УҲΪǰСѾ˲ʹˣ˵ˣ۵ӡ
Ϊʱȥ̫ãԼԼоµ壬ղСѾ˵ģ岻ʺǱȲϻġ
ʵȲ˼ңôͻһȣռݲԴҲǺģû˻ᷴҲû˸ҷ
ҸղСѾߵĿҪɹɣǺѵ顣
·صǣҲֻ½λ棬ܶǿߣŻΪ˶ɶ
һеԭ򣬺Ϊڻ壬ȱһĺġУ
кȱʧѣΪе֮޻幦Ȼ±룡
Ҳ֪ʮǰռƬ֮󣬾ͽĴնȥˡ
ڻռ˺ԴӴ֮ĺǣȱԴûде£ڳʲôأ
ܣʷʧˡ
ڷ磬ǧꡢǰʷˣοǼʮ갡
ûЩƾõţʷҪʮ꣬ǲܵ顣
Ҳڻ֮䣬һЩ翵Ĵ˵ĻԻֹͣߣڻ࣬ҲֻЩ񻰹ˡ
ٹʮ꣬壬һ˻ʣ¼ٵһˣʧ
뵽в֪ʲôζ
һ壬ռıҲᲽĺ
ʥֶιһ㣬ռֱӴɱĻ̡̻
սȭͷ龰뿴Ѿһ龻ˡ
뵽ε񡪡ʥһ󷢳
Լղŵƶϣﲢǻĺ棬ǻڼʮǰӶһ棬ʥ¸ͲУ
ִƵʮ棬߰˾Ÿ˿ϡ棬ԼȻ˻磬Ҫɶʥڵ棬ʺܵͣ
ʥ±أҪôĽм̸ף
Ҳ֪缸֮Ĵѣڻ򵽻֮ôŰɡ
˼ʱСѾչƽëϣҪ
ӹëǰаСԼ
СҲЩ˼ˣתˮ۾Ŀ̲סʵ˵ѩﱻ˺ܾأ˳˰ɣ
ǵģһ籩
ƭСڷܵ
ŶŶǲǰЩϯĿռ籩ȷʵÿµģʱ֮⣬˿һɫĴգӲķɳǴհӾ֮ϣһ䣬ȻԲıˣСĳ˵ǱǺһַǳʥޣСĳϳΪ˲׽ġ
Сô˵ë˰û˵벻Լǿгƿռϱڣȫ漣͸գȻᱻ˿Ǵ̶ôķ粨ΪǱ
ʵˡЦá
ֲС˻ڱոһյѰңհԼҵˡ
ǴҲ벻ԼҪҵġ󤡱ɡ


1795 ԭս
СѰұ󤣬Ϊ˽ʥôһʣҲûָǰСѾ֪
СѾߵͷǰʵҪģΪñȥԭս
ԭս
΢΢һû뵽СѾ߻֪һЩԭսʲôطѵʥս
Ҫ֪ʥ嵽ʲô˼ţСѾĽ˵µķ籩лӦΪɣǡߣ
Сﱾ˵ģǾӦôһ㣬˵ɡ
ôᣬܴﵽѾ˲ˡ
δ񺣡䣬мϣԣѾš
˵䣬͵һ飬ֶԷƺûʲôϵ˼ʱСԼӦû´꣬ȷʵǺġ
С飬Щᣬң壬λ۷֮һԻͣʮǰֹһľ˽ܡ
ڽжϾ֮·£ҲֹȡԪľһ̤֮
ڣڻ磬ȴء
ԼԼš
һʧȥŵ壬ֻһ³ǾΪū
Ȼ֪ⲻֻܹ壬һжǴ󻷾ɵġ
̾һǰСѾߣΪ֮·Ϊϧֽȡһƿ
ⵤƿװģǵͼõĵҩûʲôôᱣ
ָЩΪ֮ǰܴ½Ϊ½׼ģСͼ
ȻȻСõĵҩ۹⣬ѡǳڵͽ߿ȻǼֵǣ
ġ
ƿݳȥ
ǡ
СѾߴĽӹƿãȻĴƿӣһƢҩɢʣЩǼƷҩ
̫ˡ
СѾ޴룬ʱͻȻűƿŮ˽
СѾһæƿƺ±ǿӡ
ףˣ
Ѿ߿˵
ѾߣǻǶ˵Ϊ൱ߣСѾ߸߳
ȻѾеĵλҲߣСѾǰԵúܾн
ǵѾߵ֮ǰǱԹչԼ
Ȼˣ͸һ˰ɣСҪ㡣
ŶӦһ磬ܶ˽⣬ôʥʥʲôȫãȻټڻõѡһԵĴһ£Ūȥ
ԶǡС㡱ٻûпܣ֮󣬸֪εķ俪צһӳȥ
ԼڵĵطһҺ齢˼ѾҲ˵ӣСʱɳѰġ
齢Уʵǿһ߻һɴŮӡ
ŮޣƤ𪣬˫ıɫ塣
ߣһʮİߣüĿϢ
ʱڽ̸š
Ҳûʲô磬̸ݣһֲ©ĶС
Ȼˣ͸֪ǿûܵӰ죬̽˵̸ûԷκξ
׳ϣ󤿴ҲˣҲŪˣֻѾǱ֮£ˣһºսˣŵսۺôȥǡ
šһǰСԭ漸ȫûСõȼ˱ֳ֮⣬ӵʵڲҵƽ˹ѫʮͬȼУЩѿôȥԪλ²ǷԴˡ
׳ϺɴŮӲϵĽ̸ţйŹ֮ɫ
СȻԭ桰ȫû
ѰұЩǡô
ȻϳģһЩ²⣬²ͷ΢֤ʵ
ιһ۾ҪҿҪС״ӣ֮ʦ㣬ȻʦǵݣѾƽƽˣܼССʲô֪ɣ
СѾ߿һôӣɵĳײСĴһԸ
ȻһСѾ߼ƽϣü΢΢һСǽ
ղ̽ǰ׳ϵΪǰ벽ƶϣСǽҿСֹһһǲˡ
ǣ
СѾ߲Ŀһۣû뵽һ֪Ļͦ
С㣬˴ˡ
һѾߣɴŮͨ
ɴŮһֹͣ˸ղŻĽ̸
ǸѾˣ뿪ǣרټ㲻ָ׳Ϣɣ׳ҡҡͷȻΪܸʲôмֵϢ
ˣֻǾãѪǳǿҲƺǱѰЩ죬ҲǸǷ
ɴŮ˵ţƺͻȻ뵽ʲô΢΢ҡͷ
ʱѾ˷֮С
󣬲õļΪ£ĴǱȻɴŮӺͰ׳ӣҲǺƳɣɢһͲǷƷ
뷿֮УɴŮӱѾ߸裬
λôƺ

˸֡
ԭֹӣֹ֪ΪűģΪˣ
ɴŮʻ䣬һ˫ʼѲӣƺ뿴͸Ϊ
˵״̬ΪҲ񺣵֮䡣
С⣬»һһش𣬲ڴ֮ǰҲм⣬С󡣡
Ŷֹʲô⣿
ɽҰˣʦɽղųأ֮£һ֪֮ǰʱ˵ԭսлţԭսŴս֪ԭսô£
ŲµԼʵҲܴСĻɣϾһСѾ߶֪£ǳʶ
Ҳ˲ôˣһУҲû̫˼ɡ
ĻָڵȻأҲò̫þܵá
ȻɴŮӲĿһۣû˵ԭ棿
ҡͷ
ʦȻûнɴŮ֣ȻѾԳɽҰˣδɽҰУʦҲøȳʶ
ԭ棬л˹һξ棬˶ڣޱߣ˻죬ڻκһطԼľ֮ϵԭ档
ԭУߵΪʵ򣬵ȵжõٷְٵĻԭҩͶӰȥԭбȶȶûʲô𡭡
ɴŮ˵ţд
ʵ֮ǰѾ²ˡ
ԭ棬ʵ˵ˣ֮ǰһνһӡ
ԭȴ֪ν˶ٱ
ԭͬʱɵߣҲν򱶣
壬Ȼһط
һǳӵһ棬һжôش壡


1796 С
֪ԭô£ôԭսͲýˣԭΪԭսʥͻ֮սڿȻԭУ֮дģսĵط
ԭսɱ
νһԭսɱǱҲ£һЩµľͿԻָ
ȻͷǱѰˡ
߶ԣʵѸٵķʽսˡ
ڼҵսУΪᱻʵ
һ˵ǣȫеӵսҲŵӸŽᣬǵļսŶЭ
ŵĻᣬǲֵܳģһŴսǾɱš
ָνҲʵΪһν磬ҪĺܴĴۣһ䣬ڹ׵Ʊ֧֣ʱٷҲܾν硣
ԭ֧֣ԵĿսսжӣǵս֪ˣ
֮ǰɴŮӺͰ׳ϵ̸ƺԭսսƶȣսܵõĽԴսģһŵӵĻԾ͸ˡ
ѹֻͣڼʮķչУ𽥳Ϊ۷壬ԭ棬ǹû
оû䣬Ҳˡ
ԭôγɵģ
ʵһ棬ǻʲôִģĲ
ɴŮӵԭѾ˰꣬ôγɵ˵һܵһ˵ڰǰһԽ񾳵Ļʼ棬ԭ棬ݻһ磬һ׶طһֱ
ɴŮ˵ͷһ
ԽĴڣ
Ȼǣĵ㣬ǳɹ֮УĿ·һضִս
ѵԭ棬Ǹ˿ģ
оԺܸߡ
һ棬а꣬ԳתҪĹֶΣ˾㤡
պν磬ҲǴӻԭѰС
պܳԽν磬Ҳпݻԭһ漣
С㣬»һҪ̡ɴŮ˵֮ǰѾӴ·Ѿ֪ɴŮӵ
뽲񵭣ƽ޲
´ɽҰ߳úƺ̸ʥͻ֮ƺڽдսսûУ
û뵽ȴҡͷ˵ҲǺĻ߲㣬ʥ߲֮ĲģǵѾǳĴˡ
Ļ΢΢ü
ʥͻĸ߲㣬ʥͻ嶼ûнսǽҲζţʥͻ֮䣬ʵ²ûвɵ͵ìܳͻͻˣѡ
Ҳ˵ʥˣȻˣҶҪʥһ棬ҪģҪԼԼʵſڴзӸãܻ
ĺܴһĿıԼѾѰ֡
Ѿشˣôˡ
忴΢΢һЦ
ͷʼӦ⡣
ѯʵģǹĴС޹ʦȵ⡣
ŮЩʲô
ɱĲʣϹŷı׼ʼش⣬ȫϹŷģʦԷΪһ
شݣɡ񺣽׶εʵֻԼ츳һȻ޷졣
һҧԼûм󤣬ֻǱǿֲĿռ籩ΣȽ
Ļش΢΢üԭΪڿռ籩ֳһЩر֮һò֮£ʲôûʳƺֻһ츳ࡣ
һͻȻ˵ȤСô
΢΢һ㵣Сӣ
żա˵
һ֮ǰСѾߵ˵ǣСȷʵһЩӣ⣬СǵĺĴвֻʺϻôʲôӣֲѧϰСĴС
ЦССṩԴ㣬룬ζһǿˣЩԴ㶯ĵġ
ĻɻôãڻӦòôܴǣµ壬ƽʱȻܵӡ
ۣūʲô壬ǲ
ôСˡ
忴˼Ц֪֣ʵ˵Сڴһ׷˫޵ĹڻֲⵤⵤԪϵ׹Ҳˡ
ҪһЩţǵתʽⵤ
˵΢΢üԭǡ˫ޡ
ϹŴȻնˣЩĴУӦûȫ٣бĳЩеľܷ˫޵ĻǶĺôȻ˵ˡ
ԼǶ޵ߡ
õĴУȻȦ۲ǵĵʵ鶯õⵤԼԪϵ
̴þ
ˣ飬߶ȴ֮ú£˵СԴǶѾǳˡ
õģҼ롣
ӦԭŽһСţһˣһһԭս
ϾԭսΨһ뵽ҵʥĵطˡ
ֻҪԭս㹻ķ粨ͻ߲ע⡣
С£ȻʡһСӵݣԭսӦøײǡ
ǹ۲ĵ۲ʲôмֵĶεˡ
ã
ӦҲ鲻ӵ츳ԽãǵĵԽвοֵǡǡ壬һΪʵҲ̶á
Ҫෲˣ츳ϡƽһʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ츳Ҳ֮ǰѡγӣѾ̫ˡ
Сӱ̷ء
ҲԼоޣڿһָС
еʼи֪Լڼ
ô
ݸ֪ǿȣжϣԼֻ൱ߵСආ
һЦΪ⣬Լһİ˵ݣͻȻ齢֮УԷҲ飬򷴵ˡ
ҲɢŸ֪ʱ̹۲ܵ˶
Ͼ齢ϣ֮Ĳޡ
ʱͻȻ˫ۣüͷ
ڸղţɢĸ֪׽һĻвĳ
ԥһ£վȥ
ǹɼĸ֪Ҳʼβ


1797 
ɣҪÿ
һŮſ̱ζ
ʱѾ߷УòŮΧһСʮŮ
ŮС΢ףסСȭͷʶĻǰʾŴ˿Ϊµġ
Сˣīʹ㣬콻ǸսݾͿŵҩƿҲŵҩ㣬ϣ
òŮǻѾߣСŮҪģ֮ǰ͸СŮĵҩ
ûκôĵҩǶЩΪں졢Ѿ˵ȴѵһҩ
֮ǰѾУŵҩ㣬ܱЩҩǾԪϺҩ۶壬ǶԻ嶼мĺô
Ǿ֮ģ֮ǰ棬Ȼܱ¶ϾȻ΢ϵߣǲǶ֣ڵҩѾСŮϣǾͲһˡ
ǼƽʱǰΨΨŵŵ棬ȴйˣѾߣҪϴ£ǲǲ
㣡ֵҩһµӵеĶ
Ѿ֮иߣҲͷĴѾߣץСŮ죬СŮϡžžžţвζʮ㡣ƲԳԷǰɣС˺
ѾСŮ۵š˸Ȧ¶ЦݣСŮѾšˡ
СŮˮŬ۾ˮսСȭͷҧǹӸҵĶǸǵġ
ҿСǿǸˣ뵹ȥǰɣΪ˭ҲգһµѾߣ˶ûע⣬һ㴦ˣ˵㣬˵ġӡǸɱˣƨǵȷʵǸ֣СڳϡĵǰҲһˣ
Ѿ˵һѰСŮ
СŮһվȣصˤǽǣԴײǽϣˡһ졣
ûоؾֱ޾Ԫϵһײײ۷תҧСȭͷһԡ
ռͳελ屻ѹեУСŮʵһС
ᱻ⣬Ϊʵ΢
СŮɱɲǼҳ㷹顣
ںòץסһᣬõǹӴҩͻƵϣôܸģ
һУΨһһȥֱͦ˵Ļᡣ
ǣǸӲͷҶҲһģ֮³ܲҡ
ͷĴѾߣЦ˵
ʱԱߵһѾߵָûУ
Ѿ˵ţһСŮָ϶ģƷʺֽܲˣһŮӵһЩƷͨҩݡ
ⶼСŮĶ
ѾһŲЩҩϣЦǾˣôõĵҩʱҲһȥ˺·˺ģҡ
ã
Ѿ˵ţһǰץСŮ·һ˺ˣ¶СŮĶǶ

СŮһУѾȴ˺ˡ
ҵˣǺǺǣ
һŮҩƿ֮󣬼ŻƶСĵҩƤĹ˳
õǱ鵤ǱģǸ챻һѽѾЦţתСŮ
ʰ·˺ɾ򣡡
ǴѾ˵ţʱͻȻоһɺ̹ǶȻһæǰڿת
˭
ѾߣʱǷһӣվɫĿɱ
㣡
һϳҲǺܺ£ﲻô
ӣ
һ̣ǽǵСŮ󣬸ѹίһӿͷ֮ǰۿУǿûйˮһߵһ䡣
ҩ·г衣
û¡
ڵв֪ʲôоСŮƽŮֶ֪Ǵ˿̣ȴΪСŮŭ
ҲΪͬΪ壬ŮУδݺı
С˵ģû뵽ֻɫȤУӣǲΪ
Ѿ˵ţȴѵҩ
ǸвʵǿҲֻһ壬ڻ齢ϣҰô

бĳ֣̤ǰһȭǴѾߵϣ

һ죬Ѿ߼һ˳ȥصˤǽϣѪ
㡭ҡ
ѾѪݶˣĲ֮ɫ
Ѿߣһˣû뵽Ȼţ齢϶ǳ֡
ǣ
˫ۺչӥᣬСѾߣа㷴֮Ƿ׷ײҽһѪ
⻹һδ޻֮Ůˣȴû˿
ڲ˼Էǰ£öԷϣԵͽߵĻָûһµ
ž
ָһ㣬ǸѾߵֽ䱬飬ԭͳȥĵƿ׵ץС
ЩҩûʲôֵιҲѾߵġ
ôĵӣ
ʱһӵȴüͷһ壬֪֮ǰһֱԼˣСȻ֪̾ˡ
ɫĽ⿪£ѾڵСŮϡ
СŮץ֣ܾš
һ䡰лĸ߲ˣܻΪԼ鷳
ӡ
СŮھΣĻ£϶Կ
ȴ·
ƽ˵ţתһüݣĿ㣬һѺһΪǻڡ
һü֣Ѿǣǿȥ
ݴˣΪ
ѾˮȻ
ʦּŮƣĿⷢҵĴҵˣ˭ӣ
սô
䣬ˮǲ٣ձ󣬶ԸǰСʲô
ֻǣʦִСûˣڶСĶֻǲУѾ޷
ûɣ
ʦֿŵĴЦ㾹ȻսôҲ䣡ҵľ綼һָֻͷ㣡
ʦЦţҪ֣ʱԶһ߿첽ʦֶߵʲô
ʦüһ𣬡ʲôʦյģ
ԣС츳пɣⵤݷ㻹ǲҪΪСҲýġ
˵ţݷĿһۣмˣһΣһ


1798 ԭս
ݷĺüˣѾߣҲŵվű龭ľʹںȥ
ûЩˣԭϵڻ̫ã֮ǰɴŮǿģһԼ˺⣬þӸλȻȻγһλߵȣҪб¶˵ıԼĵλ
ЩλԵ͵˾ͲͬˣƽʱǰΨΨŵŵ˱ĵطǾ͸ҫ
ɡ
֣СѾ
Բ𡭡СѾҧ촽С˵оԼ
ûʲôǣ
ҽ¡СѾС˵
šͷߵĵҩ룬ּһƿСѾߵƴǣֱ뿪ˡ
Ҫץʱظʵ
ˣҪȬܱ۷״̬ʼѰ
齢С
СλһƬߴʮɵľ޴ѩɽ֮ϡ
ѩɽɽ֮䣬ȴΧɵĶռ䣬ڿռڲȪȣ£࿪ţٲȻ˼ɾ
龰ֲ֣ٱĵطˡ
ǵפء
˶˵
һСפأﲢûв󷨣һƬѩ֮УȻ߶ԣĺ䲢ʲô
פصŨ̶ȣΪʮ֮һ
˿ûо⣬Ŀຮ֮أҪһ󷨳УĲС
ƬפϣвߣǶСӸѡγģƽʱפżᱻٻС壬СĸֹĦǵ硣
Ƭפϣõļסռˡ
ѡһסһۡģǺ󣬾ĲЩªƶ񤡣
⣬һ븮УͿʼϢ
µСѾߣȻҲסСפУԸĸУ
ͻȻƽ
Ƭѩ壬ƽʱԵ塣
ֵˣƷɿظ
ͬʱҲо׷ĴС
ڵȱ׷Ĵֻϵȵ䣬Ʒߡ
ؼʺ׷ֳɼ䡢֧֣ѧѾ׷ĴУʹ֮вСá
ͬʱҲ׷ļ֮Уһ˽ʮǰһս
սʼĩ֮ǰƲ޼Ȼϧǣ׷ļϲ˻Ԫǿһᴩǣ֮ɢ䣬ԪľֻһƲлꡣ
淢飬׷ԼҲ֪
һʱȥˡ
һգеͻȻҪ뿪פء
ӣ£
²
š
ҲԣڿնֱС塣
֮ǰѾСϵĽ̸˽ԭսսʱ䣬ž⼸ˡ
ʵϣڵСҲȷʵڵǰ㳡ƼһɵӣЩӣСеٮٮߡ
УһĵеĿܣ֮⣬һЩѾССˣЩˣʥΪϣСм
죬ԭսսӣǽԭս֮УҪʱ䣡
СӵǰվһȲİߣСĸ
ڣǻֵˣŵĶ֣ޣնɱǣɻ۹ѫ
ѫ۵ĶˣԶһĽ
СԴ⣬Ҫģԭ汾ľ콱
ԭĽͬСɣ˵ԭǻʼ죬ŲĻԵ߼񶼻ᶯģ
ȻЩǶЩԶˣԪȡһϯ֮أѾ԰պ֮·һ˳
Ӧ죬ǵһ컯ҲǵһᣡСЩԪĽ֮УֲãһεĳɼҲϵˣԪѾų˭ԭսϱֳڣƸΪӣӦ֪ԪΪʲô
Ĳ˵˭ҪܱԪΪӣôСѡպͻƽǾ̫ϳϣ
̨Ͽ´ʣ·С˶Ѫڡ
ԪΪӣΪС
֮⣬ԭľ콱СԴ֡
Ĵûᣬô
ҲʵΪСЩ꿪ʼ·Сλڽ׷Ѹߣ粻پŶʼ»ˡ
ʮʱ䣬ڽʵսϣȺ½̳
ʱСͻήˡ
ʮʱڣһǿߣʵڿã
СѾϧѪһŻ۵ĵ̣Դĵ˳ϣܹעһһĺ֧Ŵ֡
빬ǷģҵȶȻԭսǵĴ˵
ԣҵȻΪţҲΪԼɱһƬ
СǷ׷ӦһѪĿںš
ʱͻȻƿ֮һԼٶȻƳգɵ˻᳡Ͽա
꣬
ʲôˣ
ЩСھģͻȻһ֮ͣǷ׷Сĸ߲΢΢üôͻȻһ࣬߸߷Уʵ

嵱ȻڳУһϳʱסˣôͻȻðġ
ڸʲô
Щͷô¡
ξСԭսˣȻ̫ֲܵġ


1799 ų
Сӣ㣡
һüӿݷ齢ϸйͻ
û뵽ȻԭսĶԱͻȻðǻô
СĹأҪĳϣһͽ׵ϸĽǴ󲻾֮
壬ݷʶ
۳Ͽ壬üͷ
ǵġ
ӲͷƤͷõĵôפغúʲô
С㡣˱ȭԭսһУ֪ԭսûƣ
һȫž
һԭսΪ˭
Цˣһ壬ţԭսһ;ǧˣǰѾˣǧѡ֮⣬ʣǧСӾдȣɸѡȷģ
ÿһõСӣǳͣͬгۣͬһ㾹ȻտڰҪһǰ׳𣡣
ݷЦȻſ񣬵Ҳ˵ڳе뷨ǶǸӽˮɵơ
ŶѾȷˣû뵽֮ǰ˵ڻκһطԽԭ档
ڿֻλò޶ѣҪԭ棬Ȼƣʲô˶ܽġ
СֻͽǧˣôСһĵǾ͸ˡ
һ˵ֻ֪ԭ棬ûƣ
ûΣûʸ񣡡ݷЦ
ǡʸøҰɣݷһһٵ˵ȻŴȾģҲŵӣսʤ㣬ʸ͵˰ɣ
㣡
ſݷŭ
ϡһݷʣֱָ
ȻȲҪҳȫ㣡
ݷ˵ڿնĿ⣬ĵλá
ԭΪˣ粻ڣѾҲûп磬ʹݷһۿΪ
ʲôʥڣԭһʥࣿ
ݷĻȫСӶ΢΢һǷ׷λÿȥǶʱܵһɵϢ
绯ǿգǳı־
ʥڣ֮һ˿֮ɫԭµʥڵߡ
ڻ磬ʥ߿ɲ
һ˵߶˺ͻԵɺ֮£ټϱߵ츳ǿͻʥڣʥڣҲյ㣬Ҫٽһ̤ܡ
ߣʥΣֲ˽壬Ϊʥھ˲ˣСʥڸʲôο㻹һʥҵۣ
ݷƲľߣڻ磬ȷʵúܲңһ㲻ͬ׻ߵĶ֣ԵһСĻ֣δӮ
οݷСĵӵٮٮߣΪڶ壬ʥҲԶˡ
õԭսͨȣͨѡֱӾõơ
һʥصŵӣԽսǻʥĶ֣ʥǿŰɱ
ʦ㣬ȡ֮ɱҲ֮УҸоⵤɣ
ݷ˵ţȻһ
һ飬䣬ڽ֮Уݷó깥Ϊľһɱ
ĳ£˶ŵӿţһӮҲ޹⡣
ʱҲˡ
ݷͲҪκ䣬ֱָǹָ֮ϣҫ۵â
һɲǣܶСӶо۾µâͬʵʻǹ⣬ǵü֮䣬Ƕо궼ڲ

ѪݷҽһɶеĳҲˡ
ֱͬһ㵹ɳɣصײһϣըñм׷׷
ʯ֮䷢龰ȫһƬž
սĽʼδ
ʦ֣
ӻæܹȥ̽ݷ
ˣСĵϣȻȡݷһҲһʱˡ
ȻѾųҪȡݷԭսôöԷһ£Ȼʲˡ
ô£ղŷʲô
ܶСӸûôֵġ
Ǹ࣬һʹݷʦ֣ûгֻͽֶԵУ
СǶţںĵŵϺŵݷȻôˡ
ȻݷֻǻڣԽսԷˮǰ򵥣˵൱ʥڵĻߣû˻顣
Ǹǰܵôף̫ˡ
ߣҲţͬΪԻʥڣʥڣ٣
˵̫ˣ˵ϣͻƽˣ
СĿУ˵һ˵ˡ
һͻ˶ǿߣպǶһӰࡣ
Ҫͻƽ̸ף
ô˵Ǹ֣±ʦ㣬Ҳ̫ģ
Ҳǿʦ㣬Ȼ˵ʥսѹݷʦһ磬ȡʤţһ࣬Ȼܹﵽ̶ֳȡ
ղһǹָȻֻݷڳߣֱǹâĸоȻ
ʱݷڱѪˮ߶ģˡ
㡭㡭
ֻҪʸѣɱûȤ䵭ٿݷǿС
ǰ֮ǰݷ˵ԭ棬ûƣǲǣ
ʣߵɫǳѿ
ǻһлݷԽԴϲΪ
塣
ӣȻҲСʵϣûС߲㣬ĽΪ࣬ı졣
ûơ
ͳ塣
廹Щţʵû뵽
뵽֮ǰĵص㣬в֪ôģӿһɷǳĸоΪʲôڱֵأˣֻɺô
ʦ壬ġ
촽΢ԪٵĽľ˰۸
ˣüҶ
ڵĵӣȻǻǳơ
Ļúһ£˵պôһܣͻƽ
۳ϿԶļСߡ
⼸ˣСĸ߲㳤ϣǶһۣѯű˴˵СĴϿˡ
μԭսɣȻ壬ֻҪСսƣСĵӣβμԭսľǧ棬ȼ֮⣬ûܸģȥҲܳųų档
ųô嶼ǿˣСû䵽زôҪų棬Ǳ
СǷ׷˵ǵĻȷԭսʸ


1800 ս
ԭսôˣڳĻӻǸоõģ췢̫ˣһ壬ǵĻ᳡ûһܺĵݷõ˽ԭսʸ
СȻԭսǼʮûе¡
㵱ڴıʲôҪֻ·
о˲ͬѰʵǿֳڿռ籩ֳò롣
ǵģ·ʱҸճɽá
Ȼ͸¶飬ԽʮĿռͨ¹ش
ҡͷĻʵ̫֮࣬ô˵ҴСģĿ֮ŰݷĪ˵ǴֱǰƤˣ˸ߵõ˽ԭսϣ㵽ʱָܷӣľϾս𵽵Чޡܻ㹻ĹѫֵСйף˶ԣҲмĺô
֣ص˵ͷӦڻҪС
ԭս޸ĺնˣݷûб߳ȥСһЩϵӲļӽһ
Ͼݷ±ˣҲСսС
ӱԺݷߣʹҲµҪ
СԲμԭսľǧ˽˷飬˵һӵĵһСӣӳȻ塣
С㣬֮ǰ˵ѫֵ۵Ķˣܹһԭľ콱Щ񶼻ᶯģ֪ʲô
ʱ´ʣãڴ᳡֮ǰѾͺЩˡ
һۣȥ̽ЩʲôЩҵָģ񶼶ĵĶǵȻԼĵȥȡôʮ֪ĵӽԭ棬ȴҲûȡ
Ŷô˵ȡģ廰е֮⡣
ʮȡһҲȡˡ
ʱߵһŮӲ廰СأҲСĺĵӡ
ֻǺ档дɰʵ׵ơ
Σ˵ݴԭ棬һЩıЩǶ˵УȪɫҳҩȵȡ
˵ţһɫҳ
ţǹżĲб˵񶼻ĶĶ֮һĶģǲҩſӳǿߵ֣ƳɵҩǱǳ񵤵񼶵ҩ̺Ĵ̷ҩ֮󣬿Ը򣬶ͻмĺô
ֻһЩţЩĻȴһ𣬽ɫҳҩĪЩɫҳǡʥ䡷Ĳб
Լߣ˵ʥ䡷ԭ涼Իʼֵ֮ĻЩҳпܸʥ䡷йأʥ䡷Ի壬ȻǷͬСɡ
ơʥ䡷бĽɫҳȪҩԭĶһ㣬ֵڴ
ţ˼
ȥԭ棬˼ʥ֮⣬ЩԵҲ֮
ԭսʱ䣬Щʱ䣬ʲôûһֱԼסԼ״̬
ԭսʽ
вμԭսĵӣȫټ壬ÿУһöơ
ǵע֮УȻܸ֪ԭĴڣǵľͻУǵ֮ȿռ䣬ʮְȫ
۳վڸ̨ϴ˵
ʮֿģԭ棬ȿռ䣬⣬Լʶ⵽ƻ
ˣʱѵˣ׼ԭս
ڰ۳߲Զһ޴¯¯֮еȼһڴϸ̴㣬ʱѾյ˾ͷ
Сԭ棡
۳˵ţÿСӣע뵽֮С
ǧһƣ֮ȫɢʵĹΣЩξۼһƬѤ֮
գʮɫȾ
ʱ򣬾ǧһһͬһϸϸĹЩϸб죬֮ͬͨţɸ߿ջһ
ͣ
һʱ䣬շ·ǧһˣռ֮ɢγһټɫռ֮š
ռ֮ãǲϱ任ŵɫԨ֮У·̺ͲһĲ硣
һʱ䣬гƵСӣܵһɲɿܵǵض𣬿ٵռ֮ŷȥ
ֻоԼٶԽԽ죬ڷйУƺһеһжԶȥˣһɾ޴˺ľ֮
ʼ롣
ĿԼԽԽԶ󱻷һƬռ䣬ͬʱ壬ɫĿռ֮Уһʱת
ռ֮żΪأ̺˲֪ȫ޷ЩȻϵйء
˲ȥУֻоͷʹƺڱһĪľϵ˺Ť
ĸо֪ĳ˶ãһһ̣һƬδ֪Ŀռ֮С
Ƭռ俴ʮֻأոԶƲܲЩʮѹ֡
ԭ棿
۾֪צһܣֻоƬгһɹçĵϢ
ָо⴦·ǴϹʱ磬ɱżʮķ⡣
ʱߵСһһ֣˸ղŵʱ֮úһɫ԰ףȻΪܡ
ǿԭ涼ˣΪԽǿˣͨռ֮ŵʱܵķԽ
ڶСӵĽ룬ⳡԭ֮սҲʽĻ


1801 
ǰϢĳУǲȥЪŰɡ
忪˵СμԭսľǧУ岢µġ
Ǽ벽СĳϣлСĸ
Ҳ֮ǰԱİߡ
ԭ棬䣬ֻǲ˽ܣǷǱ
һԣעٽһˣûбҪԭսˣֻϣܾͿһԵ
ԭеĳУʮֱ棬Ľûκõĸоʵ޶¡
ʵʵԭͷֲлΪڵʮ棬Ǵһξѡ
УޱȣѾۼ˴˽ܡ
кܶߣڲϵи
Щ˵Ϊ͵ֻǻ꺣ڣ൱ڵΪߵǴҲֹһ
²⣬뻹а벽ܣֻԼûˡ
ߵвԶ̧۾Ϳߴɵĳţڳ֮ϣĻ֡
֣Ѿѧᣬдıǡǣ
ÿһֶзݴСƾˡ
֣ҲȻĸо
涼ǳǽӽǧеһ棬пһ޴ɽ
ɽ⻬ڣ˸ַġ
ˣɽ֮ڣ͸оһӴѹ
ͨСӣѾܽӽֻоȫѪԪѹǣƺҪһ㡣
ǵڣѾ˲֪£ǵǵ˵Ⱦ˾Ѫƾ겻ɢڿģʵֻǵڵͶӰˣĵڲÿУеڵͶӰ
ĻСȻһǰզࡣ
ֻһͶӰ˿ֲѹ
ĵڣǻ˵ã
СеһЩٮٮߣ߽ʮ룬ǿܶߣŬĿڣһЩˣ´
ھޣڵѹͻơ
һСϽ͵
ڵ֮£ֲֿѹԴԼꡢԪЩӰֱӷӦ߷ռϣֱӴѪӶͻƾ磬ޱȡ
ǲףϻ֡
С˵ȥĿϵķġ
ЩĹأǼʮǰĻԡ
Ҳ޷ȫ
Щ̵ǡСʵ
ǹ򡣰ԭս㿴ţǡ񾭡У˵ǻʼµľģţѪȪ˵һ̶ܹϴȪܵõȪҩ鵤š
ڵСİ۸ı廹࣬һĽţðզ࣬Ȼ֪òһ£ҲѪڡ
ôõЩʻСӣȻвָҲЩĵõ
۸ЩúĹѫֵЩҪɾͣԵȵණȡ
˵ţʱСӵף»֣
ӵܶ¿ȥȻ˵ǿߵ
Щ֣һʼͬȴɢſֲϢһͲǷˡ
ֵģҲǶǻʷϵ콾ʱ򻹲𣬵պҲȷе˵ǵдˣɾмˣΪ񡣡
СϵĽܣ˾㤣ڻ壬Ҳ񻰰ļͨ߸
ţʥ
ĿһȻУʥ֣
ʥҲֿ֮ϡ
ʥ츳ݺʮ죬ܼ
ΪɽҰԺܶ鲻˽⣬һԽܣʥǻĽʥʱҲмԺ
ڣ˭ҲֿܽЩ˶ĳ־ɾֻͣս۵һµľأܽڵϡ
СϽš
ʱ΢΢һǿһưܳ۵Ķˣͷɢȥ
Ϊֻһȣ߶ʱһһģټ̺۵Ŀӣͬ˹һ㡣
ʲôˣÿ¡
ߣС̲ססС졣
˵СϼæֹȻˣСصѾˡ
ĶõþˣȻתͷ¶ɭĲЦ
ſ壬ȻǴΪ
һʱ䣬СӶɫס
ٺ١
Ц֮ǰ˵СֻоԼƺһ߶סˣͨ巢
󱲲£ǰĪ֡
ˣˣܼǳ𡣡˸ûСתȥ޾ɱ
һʱ䣬Сɫ԰ֽϣҡ
û뵽ǣֻһ仰
СļɫѿҪϹԸΪŹ֣ûкùӳԡ
ʱһֻЦϲСĸλнˣƣҪ峡˰
ʱúܶСü
תͷȥֻһЦе󣬻Ŵ󲿶ӣǶͳһʽķװȻһ
ף࣬ôСѾ䵽Ҫμԭսĵزô
ӣ֮ɫ
ߡСȻǾʶǹϵ⣬¶ˣڵڲܴ򶷡
۸Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻһͷ޴̫ޣɢſµɷֱӷɹţ˳еһ֮ϣͷ̫޾޴ޱȣſ˫ɴڱգԭͬ޴ĸצͬһ㡣
µХֱ񷣬˶ķ顣
ÿµƣʲôޣ
СȻۡ
ȻѪҲУȴ벽Ҫǿ󡣡
һС˵΢΢͡
ʶԪ⻹ȫ̬Ļûȫչɴǧ
˵ţſ˴죬һȺȺߣ˳
˵ԳһأɽӶ̵£̸ʮӣȫڻ¡
Щ߳ĵӣǳԪ칬
ǳԪ칬ῡ֮⣬ҲԪ칬ĺߺм
ȾҲǰ䱸Щˣвٽ벽
ǶԪµӣЩˣѾԪʮϣѾһ
ΪԭսΪٽһɾͰ벽𣬻߰벽ɾ

˸пǵеĺܶˣһվܺɨС
ԭս̫֣Ʊһ֮ս


1802 
ǻ۵ԽԽ࣬ܶţǼʮӵĵ
Щ˵У벽˲٣Ȼ𣬻û
ôа벽ŵһνԭսΪڣôǿĶ֣ЩǿǰҲ˲ͻҷˣ
Сε˵
۳ҡͷǵսԭսнУ﷨⣬˵ΪᱻѹƵģᱻҵΪͬˣ벽ǿҲԲܹԸ˵ģΪǵķ򣬹ΪѾ޷ĵزͬǻɱֻҪһ˲ѣ
ǲںϣʮ˼벽̷֮ɢܣвܻġ
۳ϵĽһԭĹ
Ҳ֮УƴеأƵĹĨƽ䡢ΪĲ࣬մеѡ˽ܵı׼ֻ츳Ǳ
̸ţͻȻӿȫһӿڱա
ޱȵĻУһд˾Ī׷׳ͷ죬ֻУƺĹڷ衣
һʱ䣬Сӷ׷Ȼ۸ɫΪѿ
ϼһֵô
ԭս
СǶһۣӱ˴п˾֮ɫ
ˣ±ѹΪǿҲǿƥĴڣ˲ɱһȺ
ԭսǸƼ
һûҪˣٽһ񣬾ܹһҲ˷ѣҸЩСҲ治ʲôԸԭͼΪŹֵˣҲ֪ԭսʲôǶ㣬ǧմϹϵ
۸˵
Ҳ˷ѣʵǿ󣬲׬ȡѫֵͳɾͣһô
ʵһЩԭСҲ˶䣬ЩϢǶԶҪ
۸ҡͷѫֵֻ˵ĶЩϼһòΪȵ󣬽㹦ѫֵʱ򣬻ǵ䣬ǻǧԭսɱ¾õʮڹѫֵһ䣬Ҳֻʣ¿һٹѫֵʲô
Ű۸ĽͣлȻԭս˵׻Ϊ׼ģҲ֮УԭսǴ֮أôȻҪˡ
۸ЩϼһǽǲΪ˹ѫֵֻΪ˸߽ͬ֡
ϾʵУһֺĸ߼ߣиƽֵ߽Ļᡣ
ûսǵΪԵõĥ¡
òѫֵҲҲƽ֣Īֵġ
۳
ЩԸŹ֣ҲʱԭսûеõôҲñ˵õô
òѫֵǲҲñͬòѫֵɱˡ
Ļβμԭսĵͽ׵ӾͲˡ
۸ţʱ򣬰һɷǣɷ֣һʱ䣬µѹӳеĹâȫʧˣ·߶Ļ֮У޷ĸо
ǡħһ𣡡
ˣνԭսǸħֵģԭͲ·ʵУĽƱѣһʲôˣǳܲʧ·ԻָԣǾԼԭս֣Ͳˣ
ЩСĳǶӿЦ
Ľ֣Ʊ꼰㣬ЩСĵͽ׵Ӿͱˡ
ȥʣ
ԭսһҪСģЩϹߣá
۸пţʱչʵǰһ̡
ţʲô£
۸΢΢üࡣ
֪һһŽɫҳҪٹѫֵ
ڵϣԭսĽоͰ˽ɫҳΪЩõǹŻּ¼Կ
۸ЩӺҲ̫ЩЩʲô
ĵĻ࣬ʵʵɱвǽɫҳѾ֪û˻ˣҪʮڹѫָˡ
۳Щͷ΢΢һЦлǰָ㡣
ϢȥЩû飬ҪԭսˣʱһָܸС⣡
Сսıֶһ㣬Сĸ߲ܽ
СѰطϢȻ󣬵߸࣬Ѿռˡ
齢֮ķҲܶ߾մһҹ
ڶ峿Ѥõɫϼ⣬ӵҫڳÿһߡ
˶һϼ֣ϼ⣬նĹ㣬۵ǸԵ֮С
ʲô
Ӳʵ
ǾԴΣνĹѫʵɱ֣ӶеľԴΣ۵ԼУǹѫ
˵ţʱǺ¡¡ط·һѿ֮У籡ɫ졣
һĿռ֮ţƬѿϻ֣һɫգ䡣
ԭսˣǽȥɣ
ǣ֪ٵӣ׷չռ֮ŷȥ
ռ֮ŵֱڳ޴Ŀռ֮ǰԵøСԶԶȥͬ޾ķɻһ㡣
ҲУʱСȼһŷģ֮еСӣһĤˡ
ҲĤ֮£ɫĿռ֮š


1803 ն

޾ĹҰӹ֪˶ãֻΧһѾһƬδ֪硣
ʧˣĴǻĴأƬط·ֲĴսѾĿꡣ
һƬƬɽնϣƽϵǿֲľ޿ӣо޴Ԩ·Ǳͨߣġ
УЩûһһƶĴʯѡ
ԭս
ԭսԭһС֣һҪʱ䡣
ڣû̽ԭսлᷢʲôֻ֮еսŻᱻ֪
Сĵǣһ𣬶ӶˣǱ͵˲ͬλá
ȻΪСڽԭսʱһŷֽ
ŷֽУһķôžСڴ͹вҪ˴˷ֿ
һķõó뻯壬ܶЯķս
˶ָӣһ壬Ҫ˽ԷֿǻᱻԵʣ֮սܷӳսޣ
ܹȡսôСϧʹͣ
С˵ţ˿ʼһɽ
ԭս⣬Ѿܵ˷Ϊѹơ
类ܹԪ٣ǶˣȻȻܹܿǳֻ֮ԭĶʮ֮һ
ҵΪѹƵڡ
ţ۲ܣҵࡣ
ֻһЩͼӣȴ쳣ϲǸܵһɲԼڣǣǰδеĸо
ҶԣΪ
ţȺлƶţû˺ڰ֮УͬһĨӰȺвۼʧˡ
ڳˣûܷһ㣬ֱСѾִĿĵصʱ򡭡
ţأ
循죬ˡ
СӣղŽԭսʱתۼ䣬Ͳˡ
ĻʱС೤Ϸſ֪ң֪ɨһ˺ǵɫЩ̫ÿˡ
СƺƵǧˣһǰʱһˣҲѷġ
࣬Ȼס
С˵߷ߡ
ռһԭսˣ
Īѱˣ
ӣɫʮѿԭȻ壬òϣʵӲСԭսеùѫһڻûʼ˶ˡ
Ǹҡ
岻֪˵ʲôˣСģҪԭսҲǱֵ֧̬ȣȴȻ޹⡣
ѱ䵹ڣԭսСṩģĹѫô˵ۼСܹѫϣǻҪСһЩͨȥͨ籨ʲôġ
۸˵ţڳ϶Ϊơ
ٻطɣҪǸǵλй¶ȥﱻ˷˵Ļˡ顣
ðɣֻˡ

ʱСפǧ֮ĵطһƬҰ֮Уĸ֪ӳȥ̽Χ
֮ǰ۸˵ԼĬĬԼҪõĹѫֵ
Ĺδһʮꡣ
һɫҳĹѫֵʮڣ
ԭսѫֵļ㷽ռ㹦ѫʱҪߵĹ䣬Ҳ˵ҪõһǧڹѫֵܹȵĶһɫҳ
һǧڣ
֪ʲôȷŵһǣһֲ֡
Ҫϵɱ¾ɡ
۳ϻе˼Ƭԭսֻɱ¾ȡѫֵô򵥣ﻹԵ
Ϊ˽ɫҳΪԵעܸСĴ󲿶ӣǻţжܲ㡣
ţѾСʱԭս൱㣬ôʱ䣬̧ȻһƬҰ
ʱͻȻһŲ
ԶһƬ󣬶֮ϣһĻš
öûи֦ҶֻһСʻ쳣ޡ
ö֮У̽鵽һɵ겨·仨һ㣬겨ǱĬӰľ֮
ɣһмõҩ
ԭսҩô
ţŲŻǰҩ̫ţֻǸʼ
ʱͻȻŲһ٣ӷŻ
֪ɨһ֮¶һ˿Ц
ĵǶСĺɫȥȥժָһɲǣͻȻ䣬ǰʮɴཬȻը춯صһͷʮɳľ޴ɫ棬һԾ
ͷɫ棬˫ĿѪ죬ȫŴɫۼףſܹ·ӵѪڣľ޴糤ǹһֱϯ
Ҫסһ£
͵ˡ
׼ɫ䶼ûһ£ָһֵֽУһ˺ɫǹбɶǷѪǹ
ݣ
ѪǹƳգźХ׻֮ƲɵƴɫѪڡ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ɫֱӱѪǹһѪ꣡
𣡡
ɫ淢ʹĲҽУһǹŭ֮Ҫþ޴彫
ָֻһ㣬ѪǹſµƵأ̶һ㴩˺ɫıһΣ̺ڷѪǹ֮е׻֮һź¡һ죬ɫıը
ըĳ޾ѪмУɫļ׵عǶȫ˺ѣ޴屻ըء
޾Ѫ꣬ȴγһεûմȾϰ
׾ٵɱɫ棬ûһǶ޵ĻɵС
һڻŨĵɣ֪治ҰģǵԼޡ
Į̺ŵɱ
ԭսǿޣһ治ǣڲժö֮ǰ͸ܵΧ
黨ΪնȦϮɱɻˣļĻܾܿˡ
ʱǰ͵Ϯʵܱ͵Ϯ߸߳һأȻޡ
ϧֱӽɫɱúߣûðͷˡ
תԶһƬݵأĮҪǳˡ
˵䣬ֱӶָ֣ǹâ䣡
𣬰
һҽд߰˸غ«һ˳ǵϣǹâѪ
ǿһľ֮ɫ
һԭս壬ãû뵽һֻͣǵԼޣ˲ɱ


1804 Ԯ
Ӳݴй⼸ߣȫѪͬһŷװȻͬһ
ǵսǣ䲻Զ٣һһɱ˻۹ѫֵȻЧʵͣʤס
Ȼһžߵ壬ҲǵѪù
֣Ҫɱҵȣ
ۿɱ磬Щ߶е
Ȼ˵ԭսɱΣȡһνԭսĻ᲻ףǿɲստʼֱ
ԭսɱǻᱻȿռ֮У꣬ζҲܡ
һԲѪǹХһѾɻصģĮĿЩˣǹƽֱһӵüġ
ܸоǻ߰˵ǿӦͷ
λʷĴʷϣֹλֻǵǧ꣬ϲ㣬ŽˣǵڣҪɱңһЩŴϣԸһۡ
˵ţֽвΡΡóһö򣬵ݸ
һɨû⣬õУ֪С
΢һһ֮У˺ܶԭսĵϣһЩܳĵرĵطһЩ޳ûΣ֮ء
ȻصķǳԣҲвٵĲοֵ
ţͻȻһԼۿʱ򣬾ԼԶһڵӣĵĽֻ쵽ָһĨֽóһķ
ĳ̻֮һ۵⣬ʧˡ
Ԯ
ɱһȴɫֻǿǰ߰˸ߡ
ĿԨ⼸з
ɡʲô
ľսʵ
ղŴȣȻΪúΣЩ飬һ㣬ͳͳɱ
˵״̬ɱǸò˼Ϣʱ䡣
̫ˡ
ĵŪеͬʱ֪ӳȥԲﷶΧ
ûһ
׳գû֣Űɣˣ
ҧгݣǱϣһΨΨŵŵ֮̿ӡ
ʱһϢһϢţʱңԶߣʮСڵ㡣
ЩСڵٶȼ죬תۼͱɰƴСǾȻһӷ
ÿһչʮɣǳżצӣݣһɷ֮
ڷϣվߣЩϵ·߰˸ûѪһģһȻͬһ
Щ˵Ԯ
ݣ
أ̳һӷʮߣͷһݵӣĿ䣬ǿȻڵĵλ͡
ﻤˣ
ӣԭѪĻߴЦǣԭҲʲôˡ
ﻤ漰ʱ
Ҳ׷վоͰ֮ǰǸʹķͨ籨ŵߡ
ڵԮ÷ǳ죬ԭ಻Զ
Сɱҵĺھᣬǣҵ򡣡
ǻȻָݺ
ԣﻤҪô׾ˣúĥһ£
ղţ϶ƣ
Ԯִ⼸˵߶üЦ
һͰǴˣûá
ﻤвм֮ɫ
ﻤСģͦġ߿û˿ŵӣе㷢顣
ʮϢˣǱŵԮһʮϢʱ䣬ٶȵͦ죬ЩԮԭҲڱ壬Ҫɱԭս߰ɣ
ɨһˣֳַѪǹǹأûаҡ
˵ǣﻤĿһۣЦͷţڳ֣Ѿˡ
˵䣬ﻤһ֣ĻȻмҲ˾֮ģһûа֡
ֽУһؽһ籡
ÿ֪һ֮У̺ǿ깥
ҽѪǹǹ⣬һǹɨӿ׻֮϶ɫһ˳ȥ
ź¡һ죬Ǹﻤ˾ͷ
ڿоһĹĻԪͬµİѩһѸڡ
ɫ԰ףҪֽһķȻӿĻѾȫմĻԪ֮ڣƻ;

һ졣
ﻤڿը˴ӡ
һǡɢ䣬ѪƬƬôˤڵϣ࣬٣ۿǲˡ
ﻤ
ڳڵĵӴ󾪣ͻı仯ʼδ
ô
ﻤڵӵĿеģʵޱǿԭ˽ܣΪҲ
ԭսΪѹ֮ķȴԶһܱģϣȴɱ
ԭָеǹѫŽʮʧ
Ļͬħĵڻ߶ë
ԭ࣬Ͳͨ籨ţȴԮΪܶɱˣ۹ѫ
ӣֿӣ
γѣ
Ȼʱˣٶȿ쵽˼飬гǹͬһǹӳͷأ
Щˣвﻤǰ޷֮
һ棬ͺʬ
ת˲䣬ѪȾأкܶڵͼɢܣҲĳǹâ
ۣ
еʬĵ䣬Ϊ¡
ħħ
֮ǰ΢ţѵ˵
ǹ䣬ֱӶ˻ߵࡣ
ʮϢʱ䣬ͽս
еö߸򣬵һջ


1805 ѪȪ
ɱڵֻ֮оһɹЩڵӵʬɢȫӿЯ볡С
Щ볡һϸС㡣
Ը֪̽УһϢԼԺǧһٹѫֵ
ֻǧһٹѫֵһɫҳҪ󣬼ֱǾţһë
΢΢ҡͷ
ǧһٹѫֵȵʱҪ䣬ʵֻʮѡ
һɫҳҪʮڹѫеĲʵ̫Щ
ɱĶԽǿѫֵҲԽࡣ
ܸоղɱǽʮڵӺһԵõѫֵľﻤһ˾͹˽һǧĹѫֵʣµҲֻǻмٵĹѫֵ˶Ǽʮ㡣
һˣֻ˸λĹѫֱֵԲˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫһɫҳ벻ϵɱǿߣЩ벽ǿߡ
ɱǿԭΪԽߣѫֵԽࡣ
֪ɱһܹҶٹѫֵ
Щڴ֪ԭսУһħһ
ɱһǹѫֵͿɹˡ
ܲԭսڣҲܴչʮڹѫԭս̫ˣҪǲס
ţЩͷС֪Ļǲ֪θ롣
Ψֱ֮ȴҵǡ
ԭսֻʱ䣬ҲĿĵһͨڵٶȣһֱɱԭսղʮڹѫҵһЩֱȽ϶ĵطɱ¾ĵرĳء
ţֽѫó˻߸֮УһϢӹԺ
궴ߡż
ܿѡĵرأΪżλѰҡ
궴ߣλüǹ̶ġ
תֱ궴ȥ
ٶȲ죬;⵽˼η
ϮɱģСŵߣǳȺӣ͵ϮߣӶս
ͣ
ӹһɽȵʱʮɽг֯ɴ
ͷЩˣָǹâ䡣
ֻһĲҽУ͵Ϯ߱һ©ȫɱ
תۼ䣬һǧս֡
ԭսĹ涨ɱߺ󣬳ܵõɱ߶Ӧս֮⣬߱۵սҲܵõһ֡
һЩɱˣɱ֮󣬵õսࡣ
λѣֲ
ɱЩ͵Ϯߺһ
תͷֻһŮһͷ߲󣬻߸ɫװߡ
ЩɫװߣһŲ̤գ翣ϢǿһɣЩΪѹ֮ǰǽΪ
Ȼ˵ԭսΪΪѹƣѾ̫ñԷԭΪǴ¸оǲġ
߸
ľʵǿУһŮԭսܸ߸ҲӲ淴ӳŮ֮ߣ
ʥصĺĵӣδػôų
ѵʥس
һݣ棬ԻԭսϣһʥصĺĵӣҲΪ档
ʥصĵӣҲ֪ͨܵʥ
ͷͻȻֵŮ˽ύ֮ġ
ɱ㹻ľ衣
֪λСǡ
ơ
Ůش̣شϣòʲôмֵϢ
λ̨Ҫȥ궴ô
ŮĴȻϳݣһ壬ʵܹﵽĵزȡ
ԱΪѹ֮ǰʲô磬еͬѰ
ǡ
û·ͨ궴ߣѾ궴ߺܽˡ
һΣ궴֮У֣һдޣǱ˴ϣսǿ
ԭʶŮϵóʥϢһڴӦã
룬һб˾ˡ
Ϊʲôһ˼ӽǻǶƷһ֪Ҵ˴궴֮УҲδʲôãʱҪǵı
кߴ
һ˶һǶֲ٣࣬ʵһɱʮߣǱѹΪҲû취ɣǲڱʲôģǶǻûֵĶܵõջòʲôûУھ͵ı˷ֱǲ̫˵㡭
Ů˵ţǺ۽ֻĬȻܡ
ƽĶۣʵȷʵǿڱѹΪ˶ϲĶ֡
Ǹţ֪ĸģ֡
ҰããĴ󡢸߲ݣż޵ļ¡
ǰ궴ˣһƬ֮أֹһѪȪ
Ů֪ϢȻڵĵӸϸ
һѪȪ
֣ڵϼ˵ޱȵ鵤ǿߣᶯģ
ѪȪô£
ʵĵĶȻͬСɡ
Ů궴߿ԴϹʱЩԴΪ̫ܣγȪˮҲ֮ȪѪȪ˵һϹʱľԼѪ֮ȪγɵһȪѪȪԣѾ֮Уʧˣûҵ
Ů˵ҡҡͷ΢΢ľ
ԴγɵȪˮǾԴŨ˺̶ֳȣ
꣬·ʱ򣬾ͼʶ˾Դ޻߶ԣʮҪһֱԴ֮
ɣӵеľԴҲڻõġ
Ů˵ϹʱľѲԭĴߣǸصĻʼ棿


1806 궴
궴ߣ˵ǶߣʵһϿȣλɵĸɽ֮䣬Ͽޱء
ʱ궴֮⣬ѾƼ˴ߡ
ЩˣԸɨһۣûмСˡ
С̫ûʸ궴ߣʵͽ
ˣٺ١Ҿ֪ƹⳡʢġ
Ⱥ֮Уһ鿪˵
飬ͨ˵ͨ帲ϽɫƬͷϣһǡ
΢΢һʲô壿
ο壬ܸоϽɫ岻ͬûԪеȵϢ
ǡ
ʵ
壬
Ƽ򵥵Ļش
壿ǵһ˵֡
̫ĺᣬû˵ô
ƹֵһۣҲû̫⣬ʮÿһ棬ӵе嶼ͬ塢塢ʥ֮⣬һЩС壬ֻռһĳһ䣬û֪ˡ
ǰˣȻʣ˲࣬ȴһǳǿ壬ڽʮ𣬼ڣҲһ֧š
֮£κһ涼ܱС
һۣûй⣬ټ׷ǡЩ׷вǿߣڣǶ
ˣ츳ҪȻ塢ʥ塢嶼߳ܶ࣬˵صĳҲΪеٮٮߡ
󣬻мǿһµĻ忡ܣǧŵǰЩŵӣֲһɿֲ
Ƕע⵽ƹĵ
ֲ๻ˣɣ
ǽ»忡ܿڣ˶׼궴ڴһҪУҪƿҪǿƥ
ڳˣ۴ῡܣΪһɱѹƾһ˵ƿ˺
һʱ䣬ڳ࿡ܣǵһ֣ͬѤõĺ⻮ʣֱ궴ڵϡ
š͡·ˣƬ֮ͱ˺һ޴ȱڡ
ߣ
࿡룬Щǵ궴ڲΪ㣬ǧУҲӵ¡
𣡡
˸궴߲ú󣬾ͿİĶгһƬƬɫ⣬һԶԵҰ۾
ǻޡ
˵Ҳޣԭľ
ЩǿǿнΪΪѹߣС
һХЩһͷͷţСĻǣʳǡ
Ҫڳֱӳˣһʱ䣬âѤޱȣҲ֮һ
ָǹâ׾Ͷмͷǵͷ­ǻɱ
ɱʳǵͬʱҲԼ֮йѫֵɱЩޣҲйѫ
ʣɱĻԽǿѫֵҲԽࡣ
һ·ǰУʬ鲼
һЩɫ죬ͫĹâԽԽȻǸо֮йѫֵ˶ǿҴ̼
Ȼ䣬оһ쳣Ϣǰ
ۿȥǰǽ»Ļ忡ܶͣס˽Ų
խ˵ĶǰһȾ޴ͭš
ͭʪģŷ·겻˵Ϣ֮ͭϣֻɢɭȻϢĶͷ­
һӰ͸ͭŴ·ͭűǧĶںС
˲֪Ϊʲôֻоһļ£쵽յĹ졣
Է֣˵ĿⶼЩ
ǹ֮ţ궴ʮֹĵط漫Ϊա
ʶȻƵ
лл棬ֻ궴ߵ˽١
֮ŵˣ棬˺ѵΣգ˵Ǳľ֮ģϽɡ
ǰͫĵĹ⣬ӳɭȻͭϡ
ȻǴԭսʧȻҲ߲ʡ
ο˵䣬˼ľ֮
ˣȴûһ뿪ģӢܣߵ
һ仰Ҳȥ˵ķӦķ˸·Ǻһ㣬һֻһɶߵıɫƣһɲãϵķϢ
üëһߴıӰһۡ˿̶෨֮䣬ܹԸоɷ֮ǿ
Ѹжϣԭ츳Ӧʮֳڣ֮ͨϡ
ãޱߵıɫƣ·һ㣬ĻͭŵĹͷϡ
žꡣ
һ춯֮ͭз·ʲôڶѣ߷ֿ
䡣
ͻȻһŨʵʵĺӿ˳ֻһӰӰ´µĳӰ
ЩӰһججȴл塢塢ȸȺˡ
ɱ
Ⱥﱬһߺ׷ɱ˹ȥ
һӰʵԱ޻ǿ
а֮ҡҷһٻкģ·һӰ
룬ӰȻеһɻײһ𣬱ҵĳ
ЩӰȥ߾ӡСĵ㡣
ߣƹһɫĹӰʱը
ͷѣȭͷϸһ㵭ۣѪӿһȭӰ䱬
Ӱ䱬ʱƹƳȭϵһۡ
֮ţʮߡ
ƹȾˣȴȻ
Ÿ˻һ𣬲Ƚ궴߸ͦ
궴ＤɱĲϽУģ֮ʵ͵̿ʼ¶
ǽ»ĻӢܣͬƹȾڵ飬ǰ档
ǧԶ⣬һˡ
ǧԶ⣬һ˵ڶ桭
һ·ŷ֣궴޼ֻһô򵥡
Ȼе°ӣһ׵ĵص׻ɽֹԴԴϡ
УҲժһһӴʬУ˸ڹ黨˵ǻ˳ʥһλҩ
СղȻûжôպԿԸһһЩԼõı
ƹҲջ
ʲô
ţͻȻ俴ǰһɽ棬·ǴհĹɢʵĹ⡣
󣬱һʣš
ͻȻһֻоڤڤУ·ɽһ䣬ѹʶҡãΪ֮һ͡


1807 籩
ǿ֮
ͷ¶
ۼǰп͵ӿγһɫķ籩ֻǿƬ籩͸еԼľ֮ƺҪǿľѹҪѿ
վ߲Զƹͣ˽ŲԳصɫһͶ䣬ЩͣȻܵľѹƲ
ţǣ
Ȼѹƣʶȴǿ
ܹоƬɽ壬ɽ崦ǿҵϢÿһë׶ǿҵĿ
Ҫ̤Ƭɽ壬ҪЩ
ոһʶľ籩Ȼٶȱˡ
ɫ죬
Ѿɽԭսжʥɽ壬˵ǿ̤ϣϴСɽܹ죬ǿľ籩⾫籩ı徫ԴʵԵӰ졭ǰǿǿʵɽԴܵشˣ˱˰׳ա
ĻУա
ƹһۣȻʵǿ󣬷ڣΪ壬ھʼղܸȣԿԾ籩ѹȻǿ̫ˡ
ллѡһ꣬޴ѹ
ͬʱǽ»忡ܣȫɢʵϹ⣬֮Ӳɾ籩
һǰ϶¶˷֮ɫȻҲԲԶ¶Ϊ
Ϊ壬Ҳ귽ӵƣȻ嶼й֮޲
ɽУǴƣ
ʱͻȻһ֮˺ɫС

·ʣϱķâ·һܹᴩصĳǹڤڤеľ籩ѹһ϶
ȵģǰ˼ʵһ
ס
һĻƹԸоϳĳֱ仯ȻԿסɽһ̲ͣͷųľ籩
ˣ
֮УһɫǹݷѾõ˻ЯŹϵغ䵽תľ籩ϡ
ɫǹޱȣɢĪɵķâȻı̻ս顣
ʵԭսϵѹƵڣľż˲١սȴڡ
սܹԻйǿհնɱ˲ǿС
̻ɵս飬ͬʱЯ˺֮Ʒʸͬս顣
䣡
籩ѣʶʱһЩ
б̻սʶɱȻѹƵĻƹˣϵĲȴ˿ƹ
һһԽɽܵľ籩ء
ͬʱʶ棬Ǳ̻ɵսɱҲң֧ǰ
ǰ棬ͷϸܵĺ飬޾ºֻͫâ˸Ȼڷɽľ
Ҳˣ
Ȼ䣬ע⵽ԶǸµ꣬Ȼĸţûһκ顣
Ȼߵȴûб˦¡
ɫһüͷ塣ôܣһҲߵ
ƹȻŮˣһ콾浱ȻͬʸԼСһ࣬ȻҲ
֮࣬ͫһ˿
ߣ嵱еھȻһ˸ţе˼飬ƣ귽ȫóƾʲôԼ
ߣҲǽ»Ļ徫Ӣ꣬΢΢̧ƤƳĿ⣬Ҳһ˿ơ
ϡ衣
һЩʵõˣͼɽɽɽ£һͲҽһʧѹ
һЩηɽľѹ鲻ǰǰɽĽȴðա
һЩҲǰȺУȻһꡣ
ô嶼ʵȥˣǡǡ
ЩѾ֪˵ʲôˣΪߣȻھ棬һѹˡ
ͬһȺΧ֣һΧ壬ִɱķȫ̡
δ棡
ڻ绹ûķݡҪ;ܣߵͷҲȻĺܴǾ͵õԵ֮һֱ֣ӺɱõĻԵһЩ߷߲ƽš
ڣһߵ˰ɽ
ǰ龰Ѿһˡ
ѾһƬʵС
ƬȻɽ¿
ֻմȾһЩ͸оЩ׷ڣˮʶƣľѸٵõ˲䣬һϵʶ
ŨġǾԴɵ飬˲Ϣʲô
ֻŨʵʻľԴŻ糣ѸٵĲľ
ս飬õ⾫Դ󣬶ǿ
ûмżɽ嶥ǰʼѸٹ۲ΧΡ
Ȼ֣ЩȻɽߵһʯϪɽγɡ
ϪޱȣȻڷɽʣȴûκһ˿졣
ϪʹĵطеɽʯֳīɫɢһŨޱȵĻ
ƷĻ꾧óȥǼֵǵĶǻ꾧ͫһ
Ŀܿʹӻ꾧Ųƿʼϥأ޾ˮһ飬ΧεľԴˮˮ˳ıɽ
ôͬʱƹˣͬһʱ䣬ѡ
Ͼô˵⾫ԴˮҪĶܹϴĻǿΪԶԶҪ
һʱ䣬Ż۾
ʶľǿһ࣬һɹûȫľԴˮ·һʶγһ
ˬ֮࣬ɽͷųľЩϡ
ߡʱһߴǰ
ߴƳһۣѪɫͫ¶ε֮ɫ˿̵ɽγɵģƬľԴˮѱոɾ
಻ڣܹɵľԴˮࡣȻڶһϷֻԵ࣬ʮֲˬ
ûж˵ʲôĸе࣬ھ͸νǡ
ǰȥ
û뵽Ϊһ壬ս鷽ﵽ衣ƹʱԺ
һ·չֳĹ죬ƹ̾úܣϣһЩܣ֪Ǵðġ
лԵ֣һᣬϵôã˵ǵжԡ
ƹʼ££ǵӶΪ籩ûܸһѣͶһ
ͷûжĻӦǿٵǰȥ


1808 
Խɽʵǣɽͷųľ籩Խǿ
ʶ壬оһǿʼϽɽơ
ҿղ˴ľԴˮȫ֧־ġܻȥ
һȻڽ߾ʵǣȴ޼
쵽ɽ嶥ʱȻǰз·̫Ĺ䡣
âҵϣȫůģʶ
ʲô⣿ֻϣ˻õ˵󣿡ͷɲ
ѭǹâڿȥȻͿһ¡¡Ĵˮɽ嶥䡣
Ǵˮ֮£һ޴ʯ
ʯķ϶䣬һȭͷСҩڣ⻪ãӨҫۡ
̫Ĺԣҩɢ
ˢˢˢ
ڵĸĿ⣬ȫ۵ҩʵ档
Ŀڹʵ֮УһɵӰ䶯ƺǵСһ㡣
Ǻǡ룿
ǹʵеӰӣΪâ̫ʢܿڣǹʵϸܵƬصķƣоһͷڷ롣
һöƺڷĹʵ
ʲôʵ̫ˣȻɱ䣬ҪһҩŨ¡ͷ𾪡
׹׹Ȫ̺֮һ˿˿ľԴҹˢ۵ʯϡ
ʣ˴ΪľԴһЩصʣʮ
½½ģ˶ɽľ籩
عʵ˺Ϊ֮أ۾ֳ̰֮ɫ
һİСĻߣ಻ס˫ַ·ٰ㱩ǣֱʵȥ
˫̽ȥɲǣͼʵֵߣǰȻһ˫Ͻɫֱۡ
˲ҽһֱӱ˺ΣѪܵĳӶһء
ֵϺɫĳ裬˫ͫ˸â󻹸żӽһɶߵǿߣ˫Ѫ죬ɱ˾塣
Ҳõֱǲ֪
м˵
٣߾֮Ī̲ɣ
ģǷˡֻ֮Ǿ裬£һЩʵˣͬһʱ䣬ƿɽѹʵȥ
һ˲䣬˶ٴοɽ١
ʱɽɢľ籩綼Ի·κˣĴȥ䡣
һ˲ҽһͷ­ըѡȻǳܲסҵľ籩
е̵Ӣܣûбɽľ籩

ô˳֣Ŀһ˿ĹâѾֵ֮ıȻҪ̣Ѿгֵ˶˵ˡ
Ļ˸ķ˸Ȼһһɶ೤Ĺ
顣
ȣȻΪһ硣
һ˲䣬ͬʱ߸˳ˣֱ֣Ժһȭ
һʱϹ䣬ӿըƵƵһЩľݶھҵĳеͬո
಻ѡϾЩľɽѹ۶ϡɼղŶֵ˲Ϣ䣬ս˫սǴﵽ˺εȿֲľء
һЩľȣȻסгȥȥơû˻Ķ֡
ƹϢ·ڵĿˮΧһ̲ͣӿΧɷǹ졣
ղҲȭͷסüһоЩ裬겻ʵѾһ
֣һ֣ԭسݴ벽ʱ򣬾ͿԽսʤǽɳɶһ֣ѹƽջ񣡡
ƿȻֻҡҡͷˡ
ӰͬȣʵƮȥ
ղһֱڹ۲ʵûмŶҲû
ľٶƹ죬û뵽ܾôջԵĽ飬Ȼһʵȥ
ѵԼһ˿ʤ
ͥŲƵ߹ǷЦɱױɱСӡ
Ȼɫ죬ԲɷΧ֣𵴳µĲ·ɫϯȥ
ÿһɫĲпֲķ˸
оɫƵĿֲɫ޲һۿʵߣ֮оͻֱӱѹǿסˣҲӲԼս
һ統У˺¡¡졣
Ԫ嫵ĺ棬ƴޱߵĹ˶ǳоٻ֡
ÿһ˸ҫǻԣͷ޾һɹɵ˸ضԶ
룬ͷųȫѹ
Ȼ
ÿһдӡڣȻܶѹˣĳȴǲѡ
ȻеϵѹһᣬѪǹͬһ㣬ֽ˻𵴵ΧˮŤ
һ޾ǹһ˲·ǧ̫ըһǹ񲻿ɵҫâ
˲Ϣ̳˳ǧǹÿһǹȥ̲޾ӿĽɫƾͻᱻһƬ
ޱߵĽɫƣʱڽ֯ǹâһӱȫû
ʲʲô
ֲԵʱˡ
ಣХɭȻǹӰѳǰ·ٻ
ǰһͷƤըһһھԪѪ
һεεѪ˺Ѫ֮ǽڡ
䣬Ѫǽ˲ϢǹӰ壬ҲһƬ̵ᡣ
ҽһӲǶݳʮ⡣
Ӵ󣬳ĳǹѪȴûȥֻˡ
һǹشȴδɱԷЩ⣬ȻһǹûþȫҲ㹻ֲܹ²в죬壬ȷʵһ塣
ֻ⣬ɽϵȴȫ˵ˡ
⡭ǡ
ƹɴһ˫ȫû뵽ᷢһĻ
ԭ͸г𣬶ǿ˽⣡
ΪͬĶ֣ΪԷǰǰ̫ĺᣬӵжѪ
һάϵ꣬Ȼ˥䣬壬򵥣ڵʱ䣬Ϳ֤ǿ
һٮٮߡ
ǾһˣȻһǹܣȫѪ࣬Ҳ̫ˣ
ƹɣûоȫ
áǿ
ƹ򶨵ϣ¶𺳾ı飬ʱȴûٿһۣȥƲֱʵȥöʵڱصã


1809 ն
ס
ǽ»ۿѾҪ֣
ǿǲ٣ʱܹ񼶵ҩĵر˶ƴˡ
ҲûʲôϾԭսҲ
߿һĻͫ˸̰â׷˹ȥҪɱ
Ȼٶ̫죬Ѿӱ
ʵɲǣʵͻȻһХʵеӰѸٵ䶯
һĻ߳Ծ
ʵԣᶯ
һݣоǰǿҵ
ף˳ȥΣԲ˼ĽǶȣֱӺɡ
ǿ強ѹһͨԱӲŲԶ
𣡡
һǰ˺ѣ̽һ޴צӣɢڵĹ첨½ǲ½Ƕ˲Ϣ仯Ϊ˷ɻҡ
ʲôоֲϢһ
ֻгһֻʣݹ᾵ľ޴
ˣӰֿʼŤʧ
⡭ǿҵϢ޺ܹ죬츳ͨΡһԺǾȡ
ʱ򼸸̰˹ǵӰѾ޴֮ǶһȻѾˣ
δǹʵ׵һߣʱһڻ棬˲ճ˷ɻҡ
ͬʱһĿߣۿҪɫնʧɫϻӿ˲ϢɫͬĻ
ž
һĳһסˡ
⧲֮£ǻһ±ΡǿҪû˱ͻȻֻǻͫﱬҫۺڹ⡣
â˲Ϣ佫ͷ­顣
ûᣡ
εĴսսİտν뻯
ʱպĻʽϵһ˲䡣
ǹ磬̻ɵսŻΪҫ۹âǻޱض
޹ֽһȻը
ţö๦ѫֵ
Ȼ䣬Լӵеƣʼһȹ̡
һӾˣȻѫֵԭսЩɱô͵ϮӵеĹѫֵ౶
ɼԼոնĻޣһԭսϺǿһ
Ŀǻޱɱһ̲ͣɢ̫ԵʵʼĽ
ౣļ
ɱǹĻޣȥƲһʵȥ
֪ʵԣ֣ʵڽʲô
û߻ƾʵ
һߣεض֣ڳޣȻۼɭȻĪĻϢǽ޻Ǻͻںһ𣬺ǹ졣
ڳˮɣˢ˺գݺݳȥ
ͷҲأӲƾѪֱۣǳҳ̶Ľ졣
һĽ
˿һĻ޲𾪡ǿ
ȴǳ޵ĺӰ١
ͬʱһǹâֱӶ͵Ϯߵͷ­
ʵǿÿ£
˭˭⣬һʱ䣬ܶ˶ҳˡ
Ȼǰǰ²Ҳְ
࣬ôôǿ
ۿ͵ʵǰסʮ־裬ҪȥץȻֻһëȻϢʵڵķɢ
Ƕǣ
Ȼ䣬Ŀ۵ʵʯϡ
ңԶĵطʶ޾ľ籩ɱΣֻܹƾۿΧΡ
ʱʵǳǻ˵ʯϣԶĽڣ÷
ʯһǡ
ͷܴ߶ɽ䣬һɫǣԲûб¶Ŀ
˿̣ǾȻͷųֲѹ·ӦʵС
ղԾ޹ﱬҫ۹⻪Ȼһͷȫɢˮɶߵľ޴ˮԳ
ˮԳһ֣ŭУȭͷë׵ĳëһĸһȭֱӽնŤˮš
ؼʱ̣һǹϡǻˮԳȭͷϣֻ÷·Ǵһɽϡ
޴ĳŵŵɺ˼
ۿֵıȻĪĻסüͷ΢塣
ǹһд̳ҫǹˮԳսһ
һһˣȻϵ鷨Ҳǲ
ˮԳˮͰֵˮɽĴը˴ƬĿӶ
ͬƾˣгǹҲϸܵƬֱһצһ𲢼ս˾塣
һЩ۵ߣͼսȦֱӱ顣
ʵǿͽ»ߣ£ûвսĿսϣɫȴΪѿ
̫ǿˣɽۻҲκβ
ʱ¼ӲյɽʯӲǿҵĳһɶĿӶ
ȥͿԸ֪֮վһԵǽ»꣬⣬öڱصãǿʵĻϣҪҲ¡
Ҫսپǻᣡ
汧˼ĿˮԳ˫ȭ俪ľˣϯ
Ȼܣ̻ɵս鳤ǹϣȻӿһڹ⡣
Ǻڹ⿪ʼУӿڴ
һ˫۾ȻסˮԳ޵ȭͷ
ϵȭʱȫܣͻ˵ǣʥһЩ廹Ҫǿ˫ۡӡﶼ𵴳һ˿Ѫ
ͬʱɫĳǹͬڵĴУˮԳ
ڴУǡ춴
໡
춴󱬷ȻǿˮԳޣҹܾԴҲʼһڵĹâ顭


1810 ɱķ
һ֣
޸ոտʼѣȺһԵѾһĹâܳǽ»꣬ڵ硣
ǳķ˸ɢֲϢ
򣬶ͷųѻͼֹʵ
ϧˣʵڱصãᱻһ¾׷
ԺǿʵӲĿסйһץʵʵֱժ
һɲǣͻȻɫһ䣬оҩ˲䣬·𾪶ĳ̫žޡ
öɳľ޹ǣȻһ£ƺ̫ž޵
һ𣬸о·ĳֹϲçӿԼ֮Уֱȫദѣ
̲ס³һѪĶףǿףҲѪ˿ɹˣʧ
ʲô
ľҧʵ
ҲǱöĻֱӱ̺Ŀɶ
Ҳش
ɽɽԣʵʧѸȥ
һʵȡĿ̰һ˿Լη塪ղѾ֤ʵʵɵС
ɹʵʱܵ˷ɣ˵òᣬһϣʵôˣѵһ˵˲ɣȺ͵͵ĺһɤӡ
ոһĿ磬Ǹϡ
ģɱ䣬üһξӨѪ飬籦ʯһ㡣
һǹâ磬ֱӹᴩͷ­
۵һƣͷ­ɡ
һʱ䣬߶嵱
ղǾ͸оǿָоŨҡ
࣬һϣɱ
ʱ˵Ͳסɢһâ˹ȥ
ҲԼ֣׿棬Ķ߸һϡ
ֻҪɱ࣬ôﱻһˣͻᱻֲࡣ
üͷһżһ㣬ĳɽʯѿ˼ɳķ϶˷·һ˺գֱȥһȺ˻սһš
䡢䡢䣡
·һħ񣬸һȺɱһš
ֻҫըĹ⻪ֱɽһ̲ͣӿװ졣
ƹûвսһ˫˸Ĺâϡ
࡭ʲôʱڷ˾ǿޣҲǿ˼飡
ֻ˵һȺߵУǽ»ܸ꣬ɱս˼һǹһӶıͷ
ĴҲǽҰǿԶһЩʵϲ߹֮
ȺɱһȥֻоḶ́һɹůӿ룬ѫֵǡ
Լһǻ鷨ֻǱ˺ѿһѪڣһǹһ߱ͷ涸ȻӿĪĿ־塪̫࣬£
ˣͣ״ָ̬Σ
һҧϵһƬƬըһöķ
һöķһΧĿռͱᣬɢɭȻıϢ
նˡ
Ƭը̶ĳöķ
ȻһƵĻ鷨еķ鷨ϡ
ԭһӿ
ͷһȴֻǿҫ۵Ĵը
һɹɷ·ܹһı纮ǿƥĺڶռ䡢һе⡢ǿ㹻ǳʸ
ţķ΢΢һЩķ͸¶һɲԹŵ⾳ǷƷ
һ춯صĴըɽŨʵʵľ籩˰ӿ
Ӱȫ񱩵籩ɣγĢư龰˪֡
һЩʵߣֱӱ˺ݺƳʮ⡣
𡭡
лͷȥ̽ʱ籩شͻȻ䡣
ֻһΡΡĲ¡ŰޱߵһɹЯŻ־ٻͬһȰ˻һ֡
֦ͬ˦䣬˺գһɹɵķ籩
ֱӽ籩˺ѿɭȻ޿ڡ
⡭
һĻЩˣԼЯ洫ķӳȥˣ
ͻȻ䣬ǹ磬˺ѿ籩
űĻһӰ
ۣ
ѪɳȥһɣվΪܵشδܽɱ
廯һ⣬ֱ򶴿ڳȥ
֪Լժʱ򣬵׷ʲôʣǹϵľ޹ǣгԼеǹɹʲô
һȫĵطԼ
׷
ҧÿ죬۸ڶʵɨڶţû궴Ȼ꣬ӶԱ
ֽȡһöҩ̷ȥϷһĨ̬ĳ죬һӰ׷ᡣ
ڸֶ׷׷ȥ
Щߣ֪꣬ȴвʡ񵤵֣֮
Ƕȥ׷ԭʵͲǿٶҲߵʱѾˣԷٶȣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳֻˣǿȥ׷һ¡


߿۵糸һʹϸط
ܵسϵѪҲࡣǿÿһѪⶼɢޱ߹󣬸Ƶ䶯һŹţֹϡ
˲ᣬʱҪúһС
а⣬أսԻϼˡʲô顣
ҧأʩչռ䷨ƶʧȥãӰʣһ˸ͷԽһ¡
ԭսãȻޱߣɽ޼¶Ѩݺᡣ
רһЩ᫣ڶĵطǿ೤
Խһɽ壬ʹ׵Ľ׷ȫ˦¡
˵׷ĹУǿȬû೤ű˦£ӰʧһƬޱߵɽ
ɶ񣡡
Ƭɽݺһš
ģЩ֣׷׸£һ
СӵӰͨӰַÿһȺ˵СϡҧгݵķԸ
һ죬궴߸̽ɱ¾һЩ֣׷յһϢ궴ʵ֣һСӶȥ
ʵȻܶδǵӰǼε룬֪Ĳ
һʱ䣬ԭսȻ󲨣ڶֶ궴߽


1811 Ů
ããɽԶأɽͷǦɫޱߴ֡
һɽͷ϶ͺͺһƬûκ󣬵Ᾱʯ
ɭ䡢š
ңԶɽʱһĳ˻ҡأ·ݷ
СģѰһصĶϥ΢ƽ
ͳʵ
ʵһ֣ŨҩζγһƵڶߵÿһռ䡣
ֻһҩζ;·ϴӣ˵ˬ
ౡ
ʵڷδΣѲ
΢΢ԥֹʵҪҩܷӳЧ̷ֱȻڣЩأΪӿδ֪ѾѪһЩӰ졣
ЩķĴըľѪܺܶط˿˿ϡ
ЩҪʱûЩ飬ڣҪˡ
΢΢ʵƬҶժ£븹
ֻöʵҶӣ븹ֻڼƬ֮󣬷·һ̫ڱ
ۻľ֮ˣӿȣա
ú嫵ҩŨҵľԴ
ҵȫתѪʼһۻҩˡ
ڵѪʼ󽭴Ӱ㣬¡¡
һҹ֮Ȼ۾ͫﱬҫۻ⣬´ﵽ۷״̬
ڵƣʱѾȫʧ
Ժﲻֳһۼף̬ȿӰɱӿ֡
ͽͷһ˿ɱɢѸټһ壬ûκ֮Щ֣ǹɵķɣҲôˣ
˼һûн˫ͳʵĿϡ
һҹʱ䣬ȻֳһЩǰѻγ֡һϣ˫ѸͼҪĿơ
ⶫΣҪסˡҪȫСһץ˼ת
ౡ
ս󼱣ƺ̿ޱȡ
С
죬ֱһѵСһ㣬һʱЩԥ
Ȼ䣬ߵ˸OO@@ĽŲ
˭ͷ裬ȫĿ򶴿
ڵĶߣ޼һЩͨ˴ĶѨʱ򣬶Ѩ֮жȻŲоĪĳԾ
ôˣ
һڣӥĿע£߳һɫȹѵŮ
ֻʮӣڷ٣ģ£ֻϱ鿴ܴģ˫ЩرޱȣԼһȼյѪɫâ
ʱĿһ˿ɺη塣
һ֣һʮصĸо·һƬȫϣǴ컯߳һ㡣
ĸоȻͨһɽʯһľ졣
ҪŮ˵
ܶǺܳٻЩڳԣƺ˵ܷӡ
˭ҷɾ裬˫ĿŮϡ
ԼϢ϶˿궴߸´˿̲֪жѰ䣬ŮȻһˣض֮б͸¶Ź졣
һֽгǹǹֺĲţƺѪĿ
ǱɫǹŮƺһŵ˺󼸲ҪܣĿϵϣŲֳ
㲻ԡĻҸ㡭áôŮûлش⣬Ǽöٱȸղſһ㣬ɿڳԣ˵졣
С۾ŮС¶˷ܺ׽ɫͣĳŮౡ˻лһ߽Уһ߽
ⶫ㻻ŮĽҲ¶˽ɫ
̯ҫ۶ĿĹâȻ¶һŻƶСĺɫ塣
һһʯȻںŮ֮󣬾ۻ·һѪ
ͨͨ
κɫҺһ֣ͷһļµĲ·һ
Ⲩ죬ЯӴĻоԼ̲סѪɫһ
ǡ
ϸκɫҺ壬оⲢѪȴӴϢ֮⣬л̺žԴ
ͫﱬâз˸Ҫ͸ˮ
ˮ޼
ܹоһοֲ֮ˮ
ˮһǿƥɢǿʥϢľӡľԴҲһĵز
ˮļֵԹϡļƷ֮һ
ʵĸһЩ۽磬Էֱ档
ǸߡġȪȪˮҡȡȪˮˣܡġƺۣŮĽ͵һ˫۰׵СֲϵıȻš
ߣѵ궴ߣˣȻǵ֮ǰĴ˵궴еȪˮˣѲǡѪȪ
Ȼĸ֣üһѪȪ궴ߵУı
˵ϹžѪҺС꣬Ҳ궴ΪѪȪǺѪȪʧˣҲȻݷ궴ˡ
ͻȻЩԺĺŮɻ˭ϻѪȪֱҿӣƺϤ׽ŮͬҲܹ


1812 
ĿںŮ˫ϣ˫᾵ļʯ·ϣȻˮ棬ɻ󣬷·ĸΧΪһ塣
㵽˭
ٴѯʣȻŮС˵ģսСȭͷһԲ
΢΢üȫŮľ磬оһˣֱȴԼʵˣŮҲصȫ֪ŮʵΡ
ĳĬŮӣС΢ţ˵ǡǲǣ
ŮԼоóĶЩֵ㣬ǲģǿܳԵ
ü룬ֵһ֪һ㣬㲻Ҫ
Ȼʮ
ʲôصأһ
˵壬ȥ;;͡Ůû˵ô໰ÿ˵ҪӦһ
Ŀ˺ŮһۣԸԭδ֪ĵطƲȥģŮʵڲж⡣
ȥǱصأҲ
һӦŮЩҲУܸ˵ӡ
ŮĵģչһЦ¶Сѣģɰ
úãҴȥĵͷƺƵġ
ȥ֮ǰȽһöȪˡһۺŮ棬Ҫ˽
ЩŮϾȪʱ
ááŮӦˡ
Ů뿪һξһ׵ķ磬̤УֱӽǵѪȪ˽ȥ
ܿ죬ϾͱããѪ֡
˿˿ƵѪÿһƤʼС
ѪԽԽŨԽԽȣС
ͨͨѪƺγһ޴ѪӰƵ
ÿһöģͬ¡¡
ɽ壬ݺݶҡһ¡
һչأʮʱ
磬ҹĻ٣̫𣬶УʼһƬڡ
һʱ̣ѪͻȻɺ⣬˿˿ƵĽѪи
棬һѪɫƤԼģӡһ
󣬹˺һʧ
öҵ꣬ǿɣһиղˣ洢ҵ֮УҵľҲǰˡѾӽͻʥڵĽڵ㣬Ը⣬Ͽͻƣ
֣纣ӿ
֮ǰʵҶӣټһѪȪڴ洢̫ˣѾղˣѣֻܽЩѹ磬ա
ôȥѹΪͻʥڶѡ
ΪѾ㹻ˣȱľʱĻۣܸһʱ䣬жã
ѪȪ֮ڤڤиоΧĻ·ϤһЩͺѪҺԭԭսһ
ϤĸоӦǵѪȪԵʡ֪
ʱȻ¶Ź֮ɫоǺŮˡ
һ֣һӿٻ޾Ļ˸һɫ۷ϡ
ǺŮĴģӣӦø֪Ů֮
˵ĲرģǺŮ
Ҽǵá
Ůæʾ⣬ʱȥѰ
䣡
أΪһ⣬ɽԽ룬ٶȼ졣ǺŮ֪زرضȥ
·һϣīĵ´ʱȻһͷɫţȫ˸棬ں汼ڡ
˸棬ţ̤䣬һˮΪ¶ڣµĺ඼ڸɫĽҺǾˡ
ԾС޵ʵɽĻ޲ࡣ
ǿĻޣȻںɱһߣѪֲͷųޱߵıƬĺȫᣬǻ栯ţѹȥԱ߻мɫ۷ˣһ
벽ôǡ
СûоЩˣԭսֺ֮ܶ࣡ǰ궴ߵģֻһС֣а벽𼶵
ǰ·˵Ҳ֣ԭһֱĺŮȻˡܹоһǿҵӽ´һ̲ͣĽ
궴ʶڤڤеɱεҪʶ̽µľζѡ
֪µһغŮ
ѵ
Լ궴ߵʱҪժʵһصӿԼ֮УԼֱˡ
Ůɵģ
뷨֮ǰҲйΪʵҶ֮ԭǹͲˣʧĪ
ԭоǹ򵥣Ӧò׵ʧ
һԼصĶѨ֮УͻȻĳһŮҲ͵ˡ
뵽΢΢ļ£ŮԼ˵ʱʲô⣬¾ˡ
Ů˼ûʲô⡣
ôݣ
ʱͻȻԶһ𣬵ضɽҡз·̵ľ˹ɽᴩա
һһǿսĽϾǲرغϲνһЩ˹ȡ
ǲرһֱ궴ߵңԶһ·ǰСġԾķ֣궴ǿߣոʱ򣬾Ȼ˲١
һƬŨֵɭ
Щɭ֣ľ졣
һľȻɽƵģȫ߼ʣ̾Ϊֹ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬ָϳҫ۵
ϽɫɢһϤϢоȻûһԼ
üͷһʱֱʣѾµʲôˡ
ɫ΢΢


1813 ɱ¾ʢ
Сӣ
û
ȻͷһľϣվżߴˣƬϸܣ˸İ
ƺһ޴񳲿
ͷϣҫ۵𣬹ճӰ
Ȼ⼸˷ųġ
ٺ٣û뵽ץӥȸȴ㣬̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬹ԹԵİʹ죬򣬾ԭսɱȴа취סĥ㵽ܣ
һϲ˴ˣ
֮ǰɢϢۺˣڶʲôʵֻжţȫ
壬͸޼ɵܶ˿һСӣһҡһ㣬ⲻô
СӣܲġѾǹֵ󣬱궴ߵ˶ˡɱ㣬ܹõܹһʲƵ͡
ȼյĻ棬ȻźţԲڵˡֻҪźŶϹ
ԭҪȡǲرأһƬľɭ
Ļõ˺ܶϢ
֪õˣһڶʱڣؽֶ֪ͣͨϢֶΣžǸˡ
һˣͫɱһ籬򼸸˺Хȥ⼸ǻҪѸɱ⼸ˣȻȥȡ
⼸˶ǵһμȻ˵ͦģʵϣ֮Уʼնӣǻǲţȥ
ʱ򿴵һЦüĵĴ࿪ʼ˸âоҵĻӿ
âн᳤֯գеƳìеƾһȥ
ǹûֱȭͷ
һȭǰϣ񱩵ȭͷ£ˮӿ˲Ϣ䱻üӲ
䣡
Ӳһһ½ǻĳìȫ飬ȥƲһ֡
ԼĻ귨ȥоǿâǿҪȴ
ۣƵһ죬ȫײһ⡣
귴Ӧǰȭͬ磬ʣµļ꣬ȫ򱬳Ѫ⡣
ȫһ浹ѹ
ĵֲ֮Щܱȣǿһˣʱ۷״̬ο⼸ʵһꡣ
⼸ɱվþòɢźţ˫ͬǳ
Ҫ׷ɱңǾɡѫֵء
⼸Ĺѫֵ
ǵĹѫֵ٣Ϊ֮ǰҲɱ˲ˣǻĹѫֵҲ൱һֱˡ
õɫҳҪʮڹѫʹհɣҾ￪һɱ¾ʢ磬иˣһɱˣʡȥɱʱ䶼δع
ţ
һź֮֮
ľɭǰѪζδɢȥಣͻȻ˼ڵӰͫâ˸
˭źţţ⼸˶ˡˡ
һǵõָɵġô͸ϵ̶ʱȻɱ⼸ĺ֡ţʵ˼
һˣͷųһ鷨
鷨бǧ·еأ۳ڵļʸͻȻͷϷȥ·ȮᵽϢ
棿ͷų̽طɻͷ
ȥȻͿͷƵĹľһشˮͰ֦ϣȻһĺڷꡣ
ǳ˫Ӹ£ƽĸǡ
ΧĿռ䣬ƺ΢Ťзתޱء
׷ٹˣʱͷƤ飬ϢȻأͷȴû֣
ôȻܣǡ
ʵǿ󣬵һߣҲԻὫɱ
ٶȲ
һӹһԾ£ϸǰˡ
ֻͷ϶ֵͷͷ֪ʲôɵģֱӸǵѪ
ͷķ˸ϸܵѪɫ磬Ѫһ
粻ãڻණνһ֪
ʲôȺˣʵԵ괫˵е̫壬˽⣬Ͼϵǳ̫壬ǵеһ֧
һѪɫͷˣһ˿Ц⣬·˵Ц
ȻѪ嶼֪Ȼǹªţ
ǣܶǱȦģЩǾ֮ܣûгԭڵ棬ô֪ѪĹ塣
Ѫ˹Цţ̸ۡ
ô񣬾ȻܣҾͿ㵽׼ＸһİСݺƵѪߣ촽ȻһЦ
һ֣
ûжԶԸһȺһϣ
Щ˵ʵԱȸղŵǿࡣ
һɨȻԭַƣټѪϵȫ˽⣬Ҳϡо⼸˵ĴʵݺѪߣʵΪǿȻ˵졣
ͨʥʥ۷壿ʥ۷壬ѫֵƺ˵
Ѫ߶ã΢΢һ㶣ŭ
һʼ͸оԵζ˵ǵ˹ѫֱֵ̣
һ࣬ȻѪ˵ĻҪôɱҡ
ȤȤҪŪҪֶΡ
ʱͫ΢Զмƿڸٱƽ
²˳٣Ƚǰ
ϢȻֲ޾Ļ棬һֻѪ˻ɢ
һֻΪۼȻһϢճ֣˾塣
һһ֮нһնˮһ𵴡
Ѫߣʱɫһ䡣
ʲô֮Ѫ
ǼʶǷϳϵѪ
ǱϾΪѹƵ˻ĴѪ֮о壬ȫû뵽࣬ô޵ĴѪ
䣡
µıըȻ类ѹƣȴչ¶š
˺֮һ𣬳ʼα
Ļͬһǿƥĳ·ɽ㱬
ѪӲС
ѪߣͷѪٲ֯ɺѪȴɱ顣
ͬߵһǹɴ롣
һȻûٿѪһۡ
ӿѫֵٴαǡչѫֵķҪ̫򵥡
Ŀ̽һйѫֵƺɱĵÿ߳һѫֵͻἤʮȥԷľǹѫֵ̫ɹˡ
ƣĿ⣬ͬ⣬Ѿͻգٶһˡ
оһӡ
ʵôˣ


1814 ѪȾ

ȻŰԶ֣ƾ֪ĿÿһߣǴǻ壬ҲһЩ֪塣
һ̣ſ¶ֶɱƬƬĵŨܵɭ֣ƽˣֻʣһŵ׮ЩľľɶƷɣ
Щ˲֣ƺֵڻܡ
ৣ
һʮ֪ϣˣΪ
Ͼڴѹһš
ʮŸˡ
һȦѪǹʣһǹǹ⡣
ɹѫֵɣ
˵ֱӶ֣
һʣøĶʮʼδôˣôΧɱӦô
ȻǱɹѫֱֵд
֣ӣ
ɱıǸƾ
û˸ֻһСЩ˲ˣߣҲûʲô񣬱Ͼѹ
ž
ȫǽڱ죬и־ſǳҫ̤أֱӳ
ֵĶ֮ǰһȵˣܸоǿҲڱԭսķѹΪǰľﵽ˽
Цһֳһؽâҫۣ˺졣
΢壬Դ
˴ȣȻֻһ̣ǰ׻֯˳϶ɫĺֻľ죬Ľâֱӱɣ׻֮ǰըѪɳȥȫڡ
˲ɱ
ʲô
˻ûӦʱѪǹɨһȦɱ߰˱ǵԴ߸߷ѪͬȪһ䣡
Ĺѫֵӿ֮УֻоԼȣƺѪ֮ɱù񫣡
ʱԽԽ࣡
Ͼ֮ǰѾųźţźŵƺʮɢʱڲϵߣ󣬿ҲԽԽࡣ
ҲʹãϹ߷ǳࡣ
Ͼ֮ǰ궴ֳ֮Ķ̫ˣټĿܶ˶֪顣
һѾۼ˴ʮˣǸʱĿһǹɨǧ߰˸˱жϲӣѪ龰
ģȻһϳеһģһǸõࡣ
һʱ䣬ǶסˣԾͣŲ֮ͣ⣬ҿ
ЩֻΧģǵʵǿԭͲôָõֻ֣㿴ɱķ龰
ɱǸ߲ǡڵİ׳𡭡Ҽǵǰ벽Ϊ
һոո߲ΡΡ˵ĿãǷĲͷ­ڵİ׳ϣڵǳϣһ
ԭһǹɨɱôˣʶΪɱڻҺϺзڿɱȴǾǿߣ
ǿߣô߹һƬɱ
ֱ̫£
ǿ䲢˵Ҫᣬôôǿ
˼ǣһࡣ
ڻ磬ѹե壬ߵĴˡ
ɡ
֣ٶͬȣǸĶʮߣһǱͷǴ̴࣬Ѫ䣡
Щֱ˵תӡ
Ȼһ̤ռڽسɴ磬˶Էıޱ飬һǹ̳
ۣ
ǹᴩظѪʮŸˣѾնɱ˶ʮ
ʣ߸Ѿɫ԰ףѾʹɢܡ
Ȼʱһɲç˿ռ䣬ֱӷ֮УǺ
صĺ֮һӽǵж


߸˿ȫɿռ䣬Ȼͽ޹
ۿǹâҪɡ
ס֣
ʱ˸ߺɱЩ˵У˴·Ǽɱ߸ͬʽȻͬһ
ȻɫĮߺ
Ѫǹӳ
ֻۣѪ䣬ǹɨ֮߸ȫն
ɶ񣡡
ոոʮɫ粻ǻûʲô£ǿ³أѾɱ˺ܶˣ
Щ˵ʬѾȱȫѪһء
ȻתͷϬӥĿ⣬ֱ˸ղźס֡ʮˡ
һĿЩ˼˵Ŀ⣬дſµɱ˶ɵĶħ
ǡҪ
ʮ˵Ѿ⣬Ҫ˵ܣʱһ㣬һǳɱ
ˣ֣
ʮͷ󾪣Ƿ׷׳Ȼȴûע⵽￪⣬һЩûиǰͶľĿ⣬ǿʮˣǸûп֮ǰôͣǼֱ˵ɱˣɱ
ڵİ׳ϣ벽ɱһֱӳƬɱ
ǸµĶħ˭Ϊò
˵֮ǰʮ˺סֵ֡һ˲䣬ǵ˾עˡɣ

ʦãԶź𡭡
һƬĲԭϣϰ˵Ķڰ棬ǾµĴսѾ൱ƣ
ЩˣͬһıɫķΣǳС
СֻǸǵĽΪѾͻƣûнԭս
ŽԭսģҲǼ벽Сĵ֪֮һԭսǾûȥ궴յء
֪СĽֵطԱԵʣ


1815 ͨɱ
СĿȷԭսΪɱһЩСߣ۹ѫʱƾ蹦ѫֵŶһ
ȻСܹѫֵˣҲСʵ֤ʱԪȻ½
ǵĿġ
ھµսСѾĳɡ
ԭսʱ䣬ǾĳɵӣС춼ɫ
ǵܲãһԭս˼ǿУģƴɱʧء
ѣСʣĲǧ˶鰴ʵ飬ǿ˰γɾӢ飬ûиۣսЧʸߡ
֧СӣǾӢ飬ˣ塢ݷЩˣ֧ˡ
ݷЩһֱɫСĶʧôǿУ϶СôңΪǵ鱨
˵ƾ޾ݣʵҲҪƾݣҪȥŪ嵽ǲġ
ΪĿ֮´ݷݷѾ޵ҧгݣȻʱ򣬰ˮá
οսԭսʱ˴󲿶ӣټһ㣬úܶ˻ʵǸ
ԭСʱЩ죬ο壬ı죡
Щ죬ݷϵĹɫܲãϾСģƺָͽ
ƫƫΪԼ˻ɣҲûеΪԼѡ
ֱ£һֱڻɽҰ봩УսĴ֪С˿Ѥõ
ǿʱѾúܸߣɢúֻܿ϶һͼ˭ȴһʱ÷ֱ档
ʲôҪҪȥһ
֮ǰ˵ĵ顣
ü֦ǿԶγɵȴĸоһ˿Ϥ
ôãе񡭡
˵еɻ
۸΢΢ҡͷڵӦֻɺϰɣûɱźŵźŵںķ鷳ֵƣźܴķΧǳԶģӦǴˣźˣӦǴͨ
ڰ۸ܱͨˣȻǴСܲġ
ͨôһ˵ҵˣǰЩƺڴͨһˣǸ˺궴ʲôҩŪԭսз
СȻ⼸¶ڻɽҰλսȻΪԱڶ࣬һЩΪɺϣõһЩԭսϢ
Ŷҩ
۸ƺһ߼С߲˼ۣտڵȥһ°ɣԶԶĿһۣʲôΣյĻ̳롣
ԭսСһ뷨˲
ǵʵǿûָõһЩĶļƷҩ
ֻ֣׷ʲô顣
ȻҲвϣܹ񵽱ˣǵȻָõҩֻҪǿߵʬ壬һ˲ƣҲˡ
Ǿ޴ָʾ֮£ƬѾΪƽصɭֵԽԽ࣡
Ƕ˶ֻԶԶΧۣǰ
ʱΧɵľ޴ȦѾ˵ĵʬ塣
Щʬ嶼ȱȫҡ
Ϊ̫࣬ʬ徹ڵ˺һ㣡
ѪѾСϪֳֳǹʬ֮ϣȫɱ磬ͬޣ
ĹѫֵѾ˵˰ڼ
ȻЩѫֵҪ䣬ʵֻвһڶѣֻǶһɫҳʮ֮һ
ɴ˿ɼһɫҳѶȣ
ݣ
ʱˣͻȻһ򣬻ӳǹǹâɨҫۣʮͷأ
㣡
Щߵͬ龪ŭԭҲΪҩǿ̫ͣûҳֻ֣ԶԶĹսû뵽꼰㣡
Ϊʲôɱǣ
ŭûаô
ɱ˺ɱ֮ǵɱβס⣡
˵䣬һȺһû䣬ȫ֮С
һʱ䣬Ѫ⼤䣬Ǻûһ֮У
ǶԾһɱ̫ˣ
Χߣۿ֮˸Ѫ⣬ǱĻΪоЩ˶ɱ⣬Բų֡
νɱ˺ɱ֮
Ҳ˵֮ǰ˴ļսĸ֪ȴʼܣΧ˵һһûӹ۾
Ǻεȿ£
ӣ
Щ֮ǰɱˣʼˣǵѾ
Ȼʱָ㣬ǹâ䣬߱ɱ
ʱ˿̣ǽ龰
һħһǺ޷֮Ķħ
ĹѫֵۣоԼƣ·Ҫȼһ㡣
Źȥٳֹѫֵڶʱ˷ӵľ棡
Ҫ֪ɱЩˣߣǳ˱йѫֵ֮⣬֮ǰɱӶĹѫֵ
ڶС
ʱѾĿȫǵĴУ˸OO@@Ų
ϰٸ߿ٸ
ƬصС
Сʵڲôۣ˵ĹģʲôҸҲûôУͼ벽мʥ۷ų档
ˣдʥģֻ
ߣΪ޶ԭսǱɫݳӳʵƽʱ࣬ûзָʲôս
Сһ֣УЩһۡ
Ϊ˼ˣСӣСġ⵶СӡоӢȻӡ
һۣСȫסˡ
塢ݷ۸Сϣȫɴ˫ۣԭأûзӦ׷ʲô顣
ǲǡô


1816 Ѥõ
ô
СǻûӦʲô顣
Ȼһ̣ŵһɴ̱ǵѪζ
ʱ£Ŵʬ壬Ѿ˺һ㣡
Ѫ⡢ʬ޷ݵĲҳ
Щǡ
סˡ
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ɴһ˫㶵ĿڵѪĳǹһʱ޷
Щ˸òᶼɱİɣ
ܴЩȥϣܵǿǰʵ̫ǿ۲ɢγɵġ
ɾһȺǿߣȴһĶѳʬѣ
ûиС˴кСֻ磬˽ϢԭսѰʥһСС壬Сϸ𣬶Լֳķ粨֪СϵǳĻСĽмܲסġ
ڵϣ֪һɨҵһߣӣӶԷѾնϵָϣֽȡ
ǶҪʲô
ʵǿ󣬿»Եﶼ٣˵ӦÿֽеĲƸǡ
ڽָ﷭ңϢ֮ӽָҵ˼ķ
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ǶĪЩķʲôرôΪǸɱ⣿
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ֻ¡һ죬Щķȫըһ̣ĿɿڴһĻˡ
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ķһټעʹͷӰ֮ǰĴʮλҲߣۣ
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׷źŵΪС
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Ҹҫۣ
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ǲ֪ƣĻôɱôˣôʱĴսѵͲ֪ƣ
ʱСѾȫˣһĻ龰Ҳȫ˷ʲô顣
֮ǰ;ãǿе
ζţͨˣ궴֮Уõ񶼻Щĵҩڱ׷£ܣ׷ɱԷһһɱԼͬʱҲǻ۹ѫ
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͸Ѫ͸еĺƣŰգĿߵ龰
Լٸ
һۿ˶ǰˣһߴˣȫ־Եɫۼס
һߡ
߲ԶǻĽꡣ
ǸԴԼеĸ֣ɱ˹Щ֮Увٴ
ˣǷһ˿Цݣôã㣬ӵĹѫֵḻˡ
Сӣ
ӵź֮󣬲ûеһʱ׷׷ǣͬʱԼڸ֡
֪ǿ֮ǰɽǳܣһЩڳ˳ȥŪ÷з
ȷʵкܶ˶֪ϢͬʱǳܣҲ˻ɫĴ˳ȥ
ܿڻ类߲ϲһЩ˾ǰ䳰ȷѻޱȡ
һΣһɱһ档
ƾԼŵӮòʣҲ˲ôˣ֪ԼĶ֡
糤ϣһȫ֣СӲöԸ
г˺⣬˵
·ģǲУ
糤ϣĴ֮һǴĴˡ
ݣ
֮ͨ⣬Щʥӣ򶼸ں档
һֲ֧
Զǽ»ߴŵҲСǶӵĸ߰˸ͨ
Ҫ֪֧Ƕ𼶵ģеĵӣɾ˽
֧µĶһƾͷȫľ
ܶСǣʶȳ棬Щ˵ΪѹˣڶǿߵϢȴڣɢԳܡ
ʣЩ˵еκһڵţû˿֮
СҲˡ
ôˣɱһ
ݲ࣬δ̫һЩ
˿ӭմȾѪ࣬ƺΪݣһĪĻҺɫڻۡ
ҪѰһ˿ľ⣬Ȼʧˣһ麮Ϊ
ɫΪɵӣ򶨿ζţܱԭĻҪǿ
Ѿŵ̶ֳôӴǿߵΧ
󣡡
òһ
ûд⣬С˲֪ٵСǼһÿվһλ
Ļɽӿ۳һ޴ߵĻӰ
Ӵ󵽼룬硣
Сӣȥɣ
ϣͷ󶨡Ǿ޴Ӱ츳֮ͨһ
ܹ˵ĻһܳɱǣγǿƥĻ塣
Ǿ޴߻壬˫ɽȥ
ʱѾ˲Ϣӡ
ĻҺɫǣķ˸֧ؼ䣬γͷۣɽʿ塣
ʿڻƶһ޴ת
תУħ͹ݣڿ˻ɷǹ졣
Ŀ⣬ɷ졣
УɽӰݺݵײһ
һޱȡ
ʿƶڵľ޴ħ֣ʼѹײ߻塣գص죬𵴣زƾˡ
߻壬ȭͷ꣬ÿĳһǣɽײƴƬĻһɻصĴƣġ
䡣
ķǳ˸ײ
һɹ籩ķڴиݺύ֡
һЩñȽϽΧߣֱӱ籩Ʒɣܶҽ
սĽУ飬ʼʧ̶ɴ۾
ͬˡǼ߻жǿʮ¹ĹڣȻֻǸǰֵʿƶħ֣սò£
ԣ߻ڽ壡
ͬһֲ󣬾ȻһѹƣӰǿ


1817 ɱ
߻壬ȻԵǿᣬʼǻܻԱȲħôǿ
Ͼʩչħ֣Ǵ·̳ģʮķزƿħһִ󾳽硢ѣֻ⣬ڻĿá
鷨ĵϣħָԶ߻ܱȵġ
߻ʿƶħӲ˼֮㿪ʼħֵѹʼ
ÿѹһΣϵֻһĶħӰ߻岻ǣɡ
˷ֲԵʱ򣬷ɽ߻壬ѱ˴롣
ǻŸʲô춯֣
Ž»󺰡
ԭ»꣬Ǳ̵ְ˼Ķƴһռô
ۿ˾Ҫˣ֪Լ֮ǰ뷨̫ˣЩˣͲĶ֡
֣
»ⷽĸа˸ͨʱһ֣ͬ˷
ʱڸСӻû𿹺⣬ַܳͻѹ
ᣡ
ĸĿ亮⣬ɱ硣
ǵĹҫ۵Ľ⣬ǵصĺϹž޵Ӱޱ޼ʵĶ̺˸ַĹҪû
ʱȴûκζǼΪһҪȥ
һɲǣͻ
֮У¡¡ģӰһ
䣡
µıգӰͬսʤƲɵ
һӰ£ֳֻƽǹһӰ£ֳһɫת֣˵òһģһ

Ѿط£Ȼз
һʱ䣬ĸֱֹӱ˺ѣ
Ǻֱޣٶȿ쵽£ˣɴĴĹЩϯĺϣʹ˺۶޷
²еǹ˵嶼һ˾޾Ĵ
ôôǿ⻹ô
꣡
ϽǹɨһѪ
ԭ·˼Ԫʯ̥ǿΪѹĴֵܵ
͸ӹˣǻȪ̥ǱԴĻ֮һֱ֣ӹߵľ֮Ի߶ԣ֮ĸڡ

һشɫ԰ףѪȻ˼˾֮
ʱһ𡪡
飡
ɽʿӰ
һȭЯŰڽİԵʿҲһȭֱӻ߻ش
ԭ壬Ѿɢ˴룬޷ֵһ
䣡
޴ıըУ߻ϺɳĻĿʼ𡢱⣬һɹڻͬķɢݡ
˱꣬߻Ϊһ塣
߻һըܴͬأҽһ³Ѫ׻ʮ⡣
ͬʱħħ궼˸ͷڹâ߻ɢݵĻգʼǣݺѹ
󾪣Ȼоħľֲֿƥ֮£ڻҶʱֻǰھַ·޾ĴУȻ޴ӵ
ͬǿҸš߻ħ֣˷˲ҽС
ۣ
ħ
Ҳش
ʩչռ䷨һ̤˲Ƶǰ
һʱ䣬ɫ԰ףë
㡭
ĺ֮УһͺѾ˵ʲôķѪǹѾᴩĺ
ۣ
ǹᴩܣ׵Ӻ͸
˵Ļֱ˺֮У˫ĿѪǲŵɫ
죬ǹֱӰͷ­£ˮ
ֱѾ̤նȥеѪŷһɶߡ
ڳ߿һĻޱ𺳣һǿսԭս£ͱôɱˡ
ʱ¡¡ľ죬ա
ʣµܱشģ˵ȫϣԼʮͨȫ֮С
һ𣬻򣬳ƷνеĽΧ롣
Ҫȫߣ
ʶһ㣬Щɫޱȡ
һԣҲɱ
ǣ

󣬺ɫ޵Ӱٶȸ֣ͬո
ѪܵУ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊͬһˮƽߵʱ򣬴ԣֵһᣡ
û⣬ԭǾŸ֣໥ϣûκֱơ
οڣǻܱսѾһֻ֡
һһ䣬ǽ»ߣҲһǹ࣬˲նɱ
»ߣ֮ǰĹѫȻ֮ǰѾɱ̫ߡ
ЩߵĹѫֵͽ»ȫ
еƣ·𱻻տޱȣѫֵѾﵽһֲĵز
һնɱѪҲɢȫϢ
УŨѪζ
ϵʬ壬ֶ˶ʮߣ֮ǰɱڶĿ߶ԣʮߵʲôЩ˵ȴȫһ
Ÿῡܣʮͨȫɱˣһʣ
ԭս˷Ϲսźŵ޲𺳣޷
̫ǿˣǿ˾㤣
֮ǰ˻Ƿ֧ţڿһޣǿ˲˼ĵز
˻ɣһսһ߻̶ֳָȵսģָٶȲ࣬һͿֹսȥ
һЩûɭԭż©뷨ǣѾʼȻߡ
ֻܸ࣬ޱȿµѹڶ֣û˸ô뷨
һʱ䣬ΧƬսǿȴ˸ս
ǸˡǾȻô
Сİ۸壬ѾԿհһƬţôͻȻСſֲĳĻԵޱ츳
ֻߣ߽У
һԿ϶Ųƾðģ֮ǰ͸ùâ䣬עǣô֮ǰδ˵İϢ
»ʥҲñǿٰɣ
޷ȻǸࡣ
СһвΪ֪ԭ


1818 
ɱһҵĹѫֵǣҵҲڶ࣡
ƣаϲ
ԭսɱСආɱõĹѫֵ̫ˡ
ȶԣСආԲˡ
ֻЩǿߣɱǲ塣
ڶ࣬ڣõɫҳá
еƣöԭͨƣѾΧܶߵĿ⣬öϣЩ
ɱ˵õϵ֮⣬ܵõһӴĹѫֵʵȡǣû˸Ҷ֣Ŀɨ˵ʱǶ׷ȴֱ
СˣҲǸľǿƣ±С⼸õĹѫֵܶࡣ
֮ǰԪԪ𣬿Ƕ⹫ѫһԴ嵥ڲ֪Ĺѫֵ㲻СϵĻ
С뵽һۣӶԷпһ˿Ź֮ɫԪΪȻһԾŶ˵йĶģİĹѫֵһԴĻԪҪҵ˰ɡ
ǿѾˡ
ø֪жΧЩ˵ʵ˵Ϣֵע⡣
ЩʣǿߣԶվķλҲнʱܵ׼
ϾԭսΪɱ˶ˣͬʱҲ
֪£ǵȻ̫ӽһСģͳˡ
ע⵽Щ˵ĶʵǿҪЩ˷ɢ׼ȫɱǣҲһȫܵ顣
ɱԸǱˮн
ҪĿʮڹѫ
û˳ô
ţ΢΢üĹѫֵôԼĴѰңɱ˵ĻǾЧ̫ˡ
΢΢ͻȻĬС֪Աߣһ뱦ҩ㲻԰ɣ
ͻȻΧһһԾŵŮ㡭Ҫʲô
ʮ־ţһˣ˵͸ˡ
Ҫ֪뱦ҩϣõŮ˵ı֮ǰȻ׽عŹֵСòΪԷʵ̫ˡ
ŮҪ̷뱦ҩæԳԳԡģ
ŮҪϳ뱦ҩҵɱ
ֻ΢΢һЦ벻Ů˽ҩ
ֻһöѣ
˵ţһֽ̽䣬ͽ뱦ҩȡ˳
뱦ҩͻȻڳ˵֮УһʱûۿôĿɿڴĿԼ뱦ҩʱౡĽиͣ
뱦ҩȻҲǻۣԼߵļֵҪҩǶһԵ
ͻȻô̰עţоԼһŮѹˣһȺɫħ֮С
ᷢʲôΣ֪
ôڳǲҪһɱ¾
Ȼ뱦ҩǣΧĿɿڴĵЩӶˣһ̿ˮȴû˳֣
һ鶯ԾԾԣƺҪ֣뵽ʲôµ飬׷ӡ
ЦǰܳƬɱ˭֣ڵϵʬǰ
˵бҩ꣡
˲ſˮŨ걾ԴϢ޲ôһ
ȻûҩϢԲмˡ
ʵһģΣ궴ߵҩֵɹǿ߶̤궴ߣΪ̽ҩѪȪѪȪƾʧ̤궴ߣû뵽ֳһôģ
ܶȣЩнʵ˸۾졣
ԭοռʮ֣ȻǾ壬õö̷ȥĻȴֱǱϣñҲõ
ܱԭοռ䡣
Щ˵ģξʵʵξһжԾԴΪڡ
Сӣ̫ˣǸоû˶ˣó̼ˣ뱦ҩߣֻҪɱܵõ
һЩ˳֣ɱǣùѫֵ
ܶ뵽ͼôŵֱӢۣȻƫƫڣ˸ҳ֣
ϥ֮Уͷ뱦ҩţͷСиͣȻʮ־š
뱦ҩԱߣһöѪɫƣԭοռƣ̺ŴĹѫֵɱܵõЩѫеĴ󲿷֡
ѫƣֻʵɱõЧᣬ룬͵ȷʽᱻԭοռķΪЧġ
ͷͺɫƣ£޾ľǿʬ壬·޵Ѫɺӣ
⣬µɺһγǿӾ𺳣
λмǾս˸˲
ջٴҲû˸ҳ֡
Ըһˣ˺սĥԷ̥ƺ޾㷴֮ģ
ȻЩ˲ҳ֣˶ҳ֡
ﾲʱ֮ͻȻ䣬ͷնȻȥ
ƬƬƻۣÿһƬƵжйӰʹ
һкɫ·ǺϢ֣İ׹ȻȪһ
Χ¶ȷ·һӽ࣬ɭ֮⡣
һɽ纣Ϣޱߵﴫ涸Ȼ·һɭ޵
̶ĹЦͷ𣬡С㻹ţԭ뿴ֵܼʲô̶ȣû뵽ս˸ս֮󣬾ȻҩóΪûܴҩôޱȣ
ͻڳ߶Ȼһݡ
ƣѹѵǡ𣡣
ΪѹˣϢȴ޷ı䣬ΪǵϢͬڷˣܶ𣬶٣ĳ̶ֳϣܹƽ룡
Ȼƽ룬Ҳֻóˣϵֻڻϵϴﵽĸ߶ȣҪȫԿȴǲܵġ
򡭡ˣܶ˾ûмʶֶΣȷ˶ԷٿĹ꣬ܲµˡ
⣬Ҳˣǲᱻ꼰ɡ
ܶо㤣׷ȥȻΪսǿɲ뱻ȥ
һʱ䣬˶ʮŻ½Ų
Ȼڳ߶ԣʮľ룬Ŀֳս
һ㡭΢΢ĵ飬Ͼ̫󣬾𶼻ᴹѲѡ
Լֳôķ粨᲻֪


1819 ս
࣬Ϊսʤ˼޵ˣ
дȻǸܵ˵ʬ֮Увٴ
ͽĲ࣬ģΪ֮һ
Ȼ֮䣬и벽𣬵벽Ϊһ磬ֻǰ磬Ҳǰ벽֮
˵֮䣬ȷʵֻһ
Ǿһȴ֮
Ϊɹ٣̥ǵı仯ķ򣬸ȫһģЩ֮ƽ룬һᱻԭս
صĲˡ
¡
Ϣ˲һµƣ˵䣬Ӵѹڳ߶о㤣Գܣ
Ҫ֪ΪѹƵ£Ӵѹȫ״̬£ʵﵽ̶ֳȣ
Ŀֲڣ
һʱ䣬˿ѹ׷׺ˣǵĿ⣬ž£Ǵˣûм֣ڿƣж̲ס㤺ս
Ĺ˭ܵ
ǵĿ⣬ȫϡ
ԭսȷʵ̫ˣԭʵ͵һ㣬ڰвϵɱõѫֵһȫ£õض飡
ƺЩȻóΧۣ֣
һɱҲûˣѫֵҲ룬ʧأ
սʤŸҲսʤǺܲ𣬶ɱŸɢܵĿԵĶûС
ǵģҲƺλɣ
ĻȪڻһ硪Ȫ磬Ժգô֪꣬ζ룬֮ڻȪ׹
ʱͻȻˡ
վͷϣͻȻһֻͬɽѩ׹צܲ̽צΧ׻ȼգž죬ն
𡪡
µ춯أǹ֮УȻڲһͷ޴
Ҳѱޣֻҵһ޵Ǽܣȴѣеľ޴ɱĲϣǣ
צЯһѹһеĴƣȥ
Ȼͬԭսķѹˡ
͵̧ͷͫе¾ĿУһȦȦɢ
ȫѪװ¡¡졣
һľѪѪ̼ÿӿ֡
һʱ䣬ͦǹȻӿһǿƥƣѪ졣
ܣһǹ𣬸ɽĹצݺݺ䵽һ
ǹâɽĹצСޱȣǵһǿǱ޷
磬Ҫ㣬Ľ֮
ǳһ㣬ǹײɽɭȻצϣͬҲһȥ
ǣ
˺һı죬ǹһǿȥƲɵĹצЩģǵӴֱʣ޴ĳ֮£Щȴ˸ҵĹâĿ֮±顣
ŵǣȻʼˣ
һֻ޴ǹצôؽɢ䣬䣡
Ȼ˵ûѣֻǽڳ˿ξ͵ͬһ˾޴Ĺ
ȫɱ壬־춯صĳ𺳣
ӵеô
𣡡
һҺĿ磬̤ռ䷨ֱϣҪȽ
дΪƾδʰҲܴѹƣȴû뵽ǰһͱܣ
϶󣬹׷ɣޱȣƲɵ
ȫɫ޷ģ𣬷ɢ
ʱˡ
ȻĿԼĿܱһǡ
壬Źصĺ¶ÿһƤϣһɭȻ䶯
ˢ
ٶͬȣֱ
һɲǣȻͷУ·к֮Ŀ⣬һ
ͬʱϢӿֲһͬ
Ŀ꣬һʼ𣬶ǹ
ݣ
Ѫǹֽ֮Уһһڵĳǹǹ
ⳤǹһ֣·նʱգһжֹ
նϵģ顣
ǹ
ǹ֪ΪΣĪһɾ֮УֱǹЯ˼ΣյϢϹʱն
Сӣôһ˾
ѾЩͷˣʱˣ
ӶǹµǹâЯǰķ˸ɫǺ಻ĺȥ
ɫת䣬ȻľĻţۿǹâԼǰ̽һֻƣһ롣
Ʊãֺڹ⡣
ÿһڹ⵱Уóֵḥ̂ǷѪǹĹâݺѹɾ
򣡡
𣬲ˣƸ̽˳ƺ£һ
ֻƺ£˲䣬նˣ޾ĺӳ
У޾Ĺ֡
Ȫ֣ݹ糱
ϣһɭȻĹڳޣ·Ȫ˼䡣
Χκһɡ
һЩݣΧľľմȾ˿˿ƵĺѸٿݰܡࡣ
Ȫ磿
Χ۵ɫ㤣ֱӷӳ˰ԶΨֱǺմȾһ㡣
ȪԹһ򣬽һСܻѹУΪȻѹˣȪʩչ
Ȫģѹ֡ǿܹѹĵΪȪһ֡
һȪԽԽԲԽԽǿ
ԷΧ˾޴ȪܶܣְֳǹͬһֻɼֱȪ֮С
䣡
ڰըӰҲȫȪɣ
Ȫ磡
ܶ˾֮УɱΪԭľ磬ͱ̫࣡
ۿӰɸɾȴû˿ɵ飬˫ֻ£ҪȪ編£ѹ顣
ʱһɫ΢䡣
оһ¶Ȫ汬
ʲô
Ȫ統УʸϣƴʳͼɵĹӰʧӰ١
Ǹ˺ǹһеδ֪֮Ʋɵ
ںǹΧ׹⣬Χȫת©ĹӰɱ
ÿһĨ׹⣬ŲԹۻϢǺȻ漣׵ŪļƷԴ֮
׷λ֮ȫ֮бӵ˼£
֮˹


1820 ϵ
˿еԴ˻
һ֣Χͳģһľ˶׹ɢֲ
˲ϢоĿֲ˾ԴȻһС
ʱ룬Ȫײһ
¡
ֲľ죬úײ˿ֲıըɿµͬʱ׹з飬ʧ
һаⷨŵǡ
ȻϾɾѾãȪڷ߶ϣҪ߹࣬ʶײһͬը
ĹӰаɢİǹȥƲȪӲ˺ѿһӣֱ
ĿһâбĿħͷӰ밵ǹǹâײһ
䣡
޾â⼤䣬ĹצѸͿ
̰ǹǳ֮ȫӿ壬ǿˮһ㱬һצȥ
ǣ
һ̣Ĺצ˿˿ѺֻۣƬ֮צȫ˺ˣ
ը˲䣬һ崫žžĹ죬Ҳһ屩˿
֮䣬Ƶನһʱ䣬ȫһƬž
֮ǰĽռϷҲͰˣϾǹֻĿܣǽ潻֣ȻҲû·磡
һ
ѰĿУǸ߲ʵĴڣΪԭοռѹƣҲ֮ͨܣ
һС𿹺⣬ʵڲ˼飡
㡭˭
ľľţĬĬš
壬ǱȦķˣûʲôҲûдУʮδ𣡶㣬ʵֻҪ䣬ɾ׾٣֮Ѫ֮ˣͨϹŵطֱǻЩȦࡣ
ʶͨһϵеļ󣬻ĳˡ
΢΢ü뱻֪Լһﲻڣ֮Ѫ궯
ȷʵǿķҪȪ磬ƷʣԶӵеĺɿռ䣬ɿռ䣬ǻĶΪ򣬻е̵Ĳ࣬óɿռ䣬ȴ޷ѹȪ硣
Ȼ򲢲սȫ෽棬Ҫ
ͱǣѪ֮޷
ⶼ಻߱ƣ
˿̣ȫ֮Ѫڵ£ǽڷžžı죬ʼθߣϣֳɫƬȫ
һɿۻϢڱХĿֳ޴ӰأǬ
һɲǣʩչޱԼ۷壡
һ˲ıʣȫ߾֮ǰȻѾµ
ļ޵
Ҫ֪ʱʩչޱóԼǿ󣬻˲ĵ
ʱڸʥȼ磡
ڣȻʮ㡣
ǹֱָüģǹˣ
һĻ龰ŭˣһޱȣһСơ
Ҿ֪ʵ
һ̣˫ŷɺڹ⣬·̫
忪ʼʣһεѪÿһë׳֡
ÿһѪһʯСħͷ˻ɢһϢ
ͬʱÿһħͷг̶쾭
Χľﶼʼ仯·˺˪ЯɭȻζ
Ȼ䷢˫ȿʼݣ·µձ޾
ɭȻִİ׹ǣӵϵһץȥ
֮ǰɱʬ壬Ҳǰ׹ץס͵ЩѪð̣Ƭ̣ȫʴˣʣ£
޾Ѫʬ壬ô˺ںɫѪһɴ̱ǵζɢͷƤ顣
ţ
Ŀһʽ֮У̺ǿĸʴ֮ǶϵһԪѪͻᱻϵĸʴ
Щ׹зͬ޾ߣ£
Ŀ⿴Ҳ
һԨ纣ϢȻﱬ
һڻ⣬ҫĿӡƵ·ֳƤ⡣
һ˫ͫֲĹ⣬ͬС
飡
ıȣΧЩ׹ǵӰ׷ױ顣
ħǹһ·һ˿ռ䣬˲˺ջΧħͷֱӳ
һǹ̳ɽİ׹
˫ƽƣ˲ϢӡϵĹĳ֣ռ䶼Ťˡ
е˺ڹϡ
ǹϱϣֱ룡
䣡
ҵײ޾ĺɫƿ˽ľ룬Ҳ޷ܿը޾ĺɫĻԪײ
ͣ
ĻԪɫϵĸʴ
Ԫʴ֮Ѫ⣬ҲմȾ˶ǺɫۼֱӱʴŧѪ
һĻЦ
Ҫһеشңܾˣ᣿
𿴳Ĵ㣬ƴԼˣҲҪͻƺɫԼ
ȻųĶôóܵģɸʴһߵ壬ͻԷѪ⾭֮УʴʴʴѪ
Ķϵ֧֮£մȾһ㣬
Ӱ屩˿
ҪĹѾûӣֻ֪ҪϵĹԶʴӮˡ
ۿʼλսΧǶЩ
Ϊ𣬶ԸһСȻʹλսҪԷ̫ˡ
ۣӮҪģΪǸһСôȻЩۣȴǵѡ񣡡
ܶΪ˵Ͼ塣
һιǷһ˿Ц
ĹѫֵҪûã뱦ҩȴĶʥͻλ
ټּΣӮˡ
ȻӰٶҪܿһγʱͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼת
ӿһһɫ̣ɱ
ţ
д󾪣
ܷ򣬲ˣһ޴ӰӰֱУ
ûʱѡֻܸ֣ӭһ
·˼ȻΪƣ޷Ĺ֮ԭսΪѹƵ£֣ȴԷӳֲս
䣡
֣ħײ
һʱ䣬䣬ӿ


1821 
Ԫʯ̥Ȫ̥֣ޱǿ󣬶ηǷˣһԵбֻء
ͬƲһı˺ѣ޾걻ɢ˲䣬ֻоѪӿ֮ʹ
һ˲䣬ıҲɱˣٶȼ죬籩εһɲǣһǹ̳
¡
һǹעȫ
֮У֮Ѫڣ޾޷򱬷ǧŭ

һƴģɳһƴСĹᦣӭǣܿǵһɴС֮У޾ޡ
ʮڹᦣзӡʮԩ꣡
ǹ˹֮ϣϵĹ˲ȥ

Ŵ̶Ʋ𣬰ǹֱӽᦶ
ӿʮڹᦣǱǹֱ˺ˣ
ʲô
˫ĿѪ죬ǿȫ
ۿŰǹᴩԼΪ֮ǰײʽϣѾֵܵ
صһɲǣȻܣצһצؿ
СҪɱϷϷࡣ
Ŀ㣬вӭצһǹ޷˵Ĵ£
һɲǣ֮ѪӿеȫĿڻۣ֮ϣγ˼ʵĺɫۼס
ۣ
İǹһǹĻԪᴩһ㣬ֱӴ͸Ѫӿ
ͬʱצҲؿڡ
Ƭ飬Ѫɣؿڣֱӱ˺ѣ߹Ƕ
ô
Ȼ˺ؿڣȴ˼ɫĹצ˼£οצ֮ϣ˶ϵĸʴ֮磬ΪûѹƵ£һצץһ鱦ᱻץԴʧܵˡ
һצ±ѹƣҲޱ죬ǾȻûץ͸ؿڣûܰڳͬһӲ
ʽϣִٵĹ޷ᴩҵķ
ȫһת֮ѪҲֵǲִһȴˡ
ˣ
հǹĹУһʱ䣬֮ϣǹµ˿ݻһɭȻڵĿ׶
׶䣬һɴаĺڹ⣬ɢһĹһС
ŤƴתֵڹʴҪǹƳ⡣
һɲǣһȻת
ɫӰͬһɱɭȻĺ⣬ӳ壬£Ѿȫܣ
ۣۣ
Ѫı󣬺һ֣ͬһɫǹһɫٴιᴩ
Ѫ£ͬʱᴩ壬ֱС
Ŀģ
ҡҡѪĹ򷭷ɣǺڹ⣬Ǹ޼£壬ʼںڹʴ£⡣
ԭսĸоޱʵ֮λĸоĿǲ֮ɫ
ȻһСϰܱܸģ
ҺްϷΪѹƣɱ
˵䣬ѪӿĿ㣬ٹ밵ǹ֮У֮УһѪܵѺۡ
ǣ
ϵѽ⿪ãž޴ıը𱬳޾Ѫ
Ϣ֮ղŴڵĵطֻʣɵѪʹƬĹд桭
һ𣬳ʧԭս
һĻȫһ߼ž
࣬Ȼɱˣ
ԭսǿľɱҲ˵Ѿԭս޵ˣ
˭
ħ
˾㤵˵·ϣûǰĶ֡
СĵӣѾ޷ˣСǿ̫ϳϲͨһͨбȽϵ׵ģˣǶԣҲǸ߲ʵĴڡ
ڴǸǵͬ飬޷ˣǻһ֣ҷĿ´ڡ
ɾĴڣȴһСɱˣԭսķѹ֮£Ҳоܲˡ
ǵӡУκ£ʧܡ
ǽܲ˵ģǼǰСӣܶ˻ȥݷĵҪ
һĻĻ龰Сĵɫʮѿ࣬ΪʲôС
һɡʱڴıϵĿռ籩Լġ
СͻȻڣСļ϶ӣо˿ֲĿռ籩ƽСġ
һ룬пܣôôɣǱ֮У
ô˵ֻǸͣӦֻ˺ʱСţʵСûκθоսȥ
ʱͻȻڣЩǸıߵŮӣɾ֮ߣעҪȥвɱһԲλĸо

ʱ˿̵ְֳǹȫȾѪ߻ȱĹ꣬ЩޣƺվǵеһһĻڳ˲ĥӡһ
ˣɱһ𣡡
һ̣еƣԽԽߵ¶ȣĳ
һΣɱһ𣬶һλ
ȻΪѹˣɱ˷ܵò
̫ˣ
ڼҪпʱſڴ֮Уôһá
Ŀ꣬ԣҲЩңԶˡ
ԽԽȣҪۻ
ѫֵԿֲٶ
ۿԼĹѫֵǣڶʱڣ˽һ
ɱһõĹѫֵ֮ǰɱ˵ܺͣ
һ˷ܵĹâ
ʱؿڻѪѪѾۣ˺ѵ˿ڣѾڻˡ
ǿһĻ֪˵ʲôˡ
಻սˣһſµĻֱָޣ޶Ҫ̬
ɳж£
ʱһŵҩƴ˽ɱʵΪսپһЩˣԸʲôΪָˡ
ģ˵Σյġ
ԼΣյĻϾԭսһвԼĴڡ
ʵ㲻УҲܣľ˻ɱǾͽͽΪ˼¡
ȷʵǿ󡭡
Ÿոսľ۷棬ʵѷɫǿȡʤ
ԵĲ𣬶ʥĻΪѹͬ磬ҲⲻԼжϣƾܻ鲻ı˵ǿͬµʥ


1822 ħ
ʵλ𼶵Ȼλ𼶵ʥҲ١
ʱ㣬ʥδɵʵһսʥӵãй֮޲
һսԲ棬ʥһͬʱ˶Բķ͹
ڶսԲʥ˴󲿷ֵķֻ˹
ټ޷⣬ʽĿƣǹĸջ鲻ı
ɱҪʽȵȣƾ鲻ı˵ʲô
ɱǿˣ
Ŀ⣬ܶ˶ľǸоĿһǱĪľ
ҪǶְɣ
ѾеͷܵĴˡ
ʵѾˣʸɱȫɱˣѾûʲôֵÿˡ
ӦòᣬϣЩ˶˵СϺףǧĹѫֵۡ
˿ڣȻ˵ţȴʵĿ꣬Щ
ȷʵǿЩˣĿ͸ˣԶһƬ޾ç֮С
Ƭç֮УƺڲһƬ磬Ŀ⣬ȴЩ綴ƺһУ
Ȼˣβ
㣬ˣֵβһɸ֪ȴδ֡
һ˲ıɱƺҪԼɱɲǳ͵ϮȻ
ڣݸ֪ʼûڻУҲѷ
֮ǰƴˣȴҪҲΪӦĵˡ
һȫԾ
ʲô
Ǿ׷˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻֻܿһƬޣֵĻϢ޾çԭս
ԭսˣٮٮߣȻɵӣۺ֣Ǻܿµ˵˭
ܹ֮ûˣпһģҲֻлħһˣ
ħλͷԭսҲ֣Ȼȴɵˣ
ڴ֮ǰħйˣǺʣ˭ûκ˭
Ҳ˵ħ
ȫʢ״̬ħĶ֡
ڣˣдս˺ܶ࣬£ħҲֻǿӣûгֻɱ
սʱ򣬻ãħҲ˳ֵ
ǾΪΪħм͵ϮϾҩļֵ˵㹻ǷЩֻ˵£ħҲûսʤİգ
٣ûİա
ˣûг֡
֮УĬǻ֮翣ƺ̺޾أ˿͸
Ҳûж֮УһҩָһתѪˡ
ؿڵѪ⣬Ѿ䶯ϣҲһĻָ
ûжԻħ֡ûаɱ𣬵Ƿħ֣Ҳκβ
ħóһʱ͵ϮҲƾħ͵Ϯ
ɢԶƬ֮գղһ˵ƺĸ֮ܵɢѹļ¡
ȻܵϢҲħѾһʱˣ
Ȼħεôƣôܸоôܲ
ħ֣Ҳսʤ
ܡħͷ֮䲻̫֣Ҿ֣ѵôǾ
ܶ˸п˵Ľţ
Ľ״̬ά˺ܾãͻȻç𣬡ȷʵκβ㣡ԭ޳𣬽Ҳ֣պ಻㽻֣Ǿˮˮ
ħЭˣڸͣ
ЭķʽȴܣΪ䣬ħһǱ˼ƺ첻֣û͵ϮǶʩһ㡣
Цȷ޳𣬵죬ûǷΪ޳𣬱Ӷе㲻ҳֻ֣ΪûаɱҶѣ
Ļԡ
еĻħȻһЩңƺǻħŭ˵ʲô
Ǹ㣬Ҫֱֻ֣ܳǣҽţ֣ҲĶ飬պǵѣȴ˵
ĮƱˣʵȻħϾԷλԭսλӶûӣֵˣԲǡ
ҪʮڹѫڻڣĲɱħĻղڹѫ
Ϊ˴˵еĽɫҳԸħ
ߣ
ʱ򣬳ɱڳһΪħҪˡ
Ȼģվȥ֮ߣͬƣʧ
ħˣ
Ϊϸܵв
Ȼ˲ᣬȻħȴоĵڸղŶ̶һӵʱڣͻָ˺ܶࡣ
ؿڵˣѾ˰˳࣡
ʲôƣսսǴλսֻдʵһ˿ΪԼ˵ֶεĻ
ôħ񲻵κβܱҧһڡ
ʱǻͷòʧ
ħԱӽʶˣûûһ˿Ϣ
ħߣڳ߰һͬʱҲ΢΢ϧԭָһսȴû
ħʾˣСӡ£˶𡣡
Ļָˣ򡢸ʽ硢Ѫ֮һǸ
ǲ֪׼ȷ䣬ģĸһЩǸµš


1823 ؾ
ɱ𣬱˻ħϢܿԭսˡ
ԭսΪ໥ɱǵսû˹עûȫ濪ֻ໥̽˼Σȴ죬һֱӻɱһǿҲǷˡ
飬ֱ˲
һʱ䣬ֲ֣ԭսˣȻǳС֮ڡ
Сǣ̲סСĹϵҲȻˡ֡
ԭսϣ֣ľԭսĽˣǺôܵϣûУȻΪĹѫֵ
ǣЩϢȴᴫԭսһԭսգʱ䣬粻֪
ʱһУȴġ
һɭԶһСŮ
һ޵ĺɫȹ˫㣬̤磬ѩ׵Ľֺͬʮöһ㣬Ө͸
ɭ֮УĹžޣҲǻޣЩ쳣ͣЩ䲻͵Ϯ鷳
ȻԵǣСŮôһ·Ʈƺûлܿ
͵ĻޣСŮ߹ҲӶ
ľɭֵڤڤһضǿϢš
оϢĴڣ϶ǺŮ˵ĲرأһǴڵġ
Ƭľɭ֣ƺ꣬ÿһƬҶӶзô
κιĺҶ˵ޱȣڵ°߲ĹӰ
ʲô
ͻȻͣס˽Ųɭವ˸˲Ϣ˼
Ѿ˹ľɭֵıԵشȻͿһһƬʯ֣ڰľ޴յϡ
ƬʯãȻޱ߼ʣǧɹľϣңңȥŷʯ֣Ȼһơ
ָƬʯִ
شġ
Ƭʯ֣һصĹ⻪УĿ
һģʯӣٲ
һֻޣɢâſɶ೤ɭϿշɹȻȴСĵıܿʯ֣ƺʲôµĶ
һݡ
ʯ֣ӦþǺŮԼ˵ĲرءֻƬرأƺ̺ſֲϢ
üͷᣬĿʯջأת
󣬵ɳ飬Ůš
˵Ĳرأʯ𣿡֪ŮС͡
šǰʯ֣ŮϳȻɫЩԻ󣬶ǳ˵ͷ
ౣУƬر¶˿־ɫȴ֪ںʲô
С²£ֱӽʰã˵ߣ
ŮкһСĪʯȥ
ûжãĽŲȻȻһ
ֻоڤڤ֮УɽϢֹÿһƤϣǼ縺Ŵɽһ㣬Ͷ㶼аڽȻоʮֳ
ÿһž졣ʱʯʮ
ԾǣڤڤϢǿ󣬶ϢУȻϤζ
ΪϢǼ򵥵ĻȻ˾ԪϵС
ֱǷ˼顣Ҫ֪ԭսԭһ֣ǻ嵱ǳԽĴڣ漶µĹ屦
浱ȻΪĻɡô˾ŨľԪϵ
д棬ХһȫѪٴιϣͬ಻ĺӱ
ÿһëף䣬ֿ޴ڵѹ

߹ѪԪ֮ǹӴϢۻĽˮӲۿɱĿͨ
һһصʯͦ
ţʲô⡭ʮ֮һ
һʮ
ԽʯֿԽͷ𶯣ӦĴϵȻԽԽࡣ
ΪصǣЩԭľȻûбѹơų⡣
ȫ߸ʮ⡣
ܹӴϢ̺ʮʯѵ񼶵£Ҳ˶ʮ֪ܹôģҲֻ·һˡ
Ժ˼תʱѾʯֲһء
Ȼ޻Ҫǿ壬˿ŨʮϢѹ£ȫƤƵŤӶӴѹ£Ťһ̲ͣıá
ÿһǱεĥѹʹޱȡ
̤һ
ˣȻŵĵﴦ취ʼ˲Ѫ󷨵Уһһɢݳ
취·棬Ծ֮··õʮѹų⣬·õռ֮һ
ƽֻҪ취ݷûκζ
һ̣ڤڤȻһԶ
ϵķƽڷ
ѵǡ·˵Ϣ
ĲԼȻӦ·˵ϢһǾʯʱ
ϢԹšۻ룬аƥ̲ƣָ֮еС
Ϣһ֣ղѹϵĸʮϢֱӱӦӲϵѹʱࡣ
ɻôܣ·˵Ϣô
ԭ硣
·ˡҲ̤ԭ磿
лͷһĪС


1824 ̫ż
תͷŮŮһãȻҲ϶·˵ϢΪʲô飬û취ŮеõʲôмֵϢġ
Ŀʯ֣һʱ䣬ʯǻ˹춯һյ䣬Ϊһööģһطס
ҲͺŮȥ·סγһĪķ󷨡
ѽ
ŮȵĽһɢĻƺϢͻ󷨹ĽŮˡ
ŮʱչֳΪȵһ棬·ƵģߣǱ紵ߵƮһ㡣
ʮɵľ룬ȵء
ôˣ
طЩ֣ÿҹᱻһЩĶҧҧһΣûûôǿ
ƺӴľˣŮ˵˳࣬·֮ǰΪ̫̫ò˵һ㡣
ֵĿŮ䲻һ䣬ˣ
Ů¶ãȻı飬һҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Һ˯˯˯˺þúþáȻȻ֪ôģˣȻȻ󣬾;ˡȻȻ󡭡ʱῴܺܺܶһ˽ץץҡҵѡ
Ůһ˫ü˵ƺʮֲԸȥ顣
Ī棬Ů̫Źˡ
ĻѾ̫̫ã֮ǰһֱڳߡ
еЩȻԭսˣЩؾ̽Ǵ˺ŮǲժһЩҩܶѾһΡ
޹ŮӼҵʱ·ܾҵӣʲôݣΪʲôСôء
ĪС㣬濴ͨСŮûʲôȴܰʯ񵱳ǶһԵСŮ
Ҳǲ֪˶ãȴûǻۣƺʼͣСŮˮƽ˵Щɵɵġ
ӣҲδıһֱʮСŮӣ󣬸˥ϡ
󷨡ʮȻܻΪҪѭʮķܹС΢΢Ŀǰ۵ϣͫ˸˳ǧķģ·кƵǿ˫ｻ֯ɭ嫡
󷨸ģй֮ͨ
ķô꣬ôʦļ䣬̺纣֮ƽġ
һͽεݡ
ģѰһ˿󷨵磬һǹâָ䣬һ죬˷󷨵һڵϡ
һʯƽĺ˲Ϣһ
һӱ⿪
ȥɭȻޱȵʯ֣Ȼۿɱٶڸ̮࣬
һ³ˢȻ࣬ȡ
µĴھΧռ仯һ˲䣬ǰʯѾʧ

ķ磬ХŴͷ
ǰȻ˻ޱȵĸڣʯᾣйɱ֮
Զĵط¶Ԩɢ
һһ˸ǰ⣬˺ԨıԵ
Ȼȫһ𣬺Ԩ䲻ףʲôûпֻǸоĲϢ
һϢһžޱȵĺɢһԵѹȸУ·Ҫݵ
ۻ롢Ƶ
ȻһžµĻŴϢ
ʣѾǻļ£ԶԶʶĻʥ
κһӿı仯
ֻǿһۣ·˵궼Ҫɽȥļ¡
һϢʮϤ·˵Ϣ
ϢЯԨ纣׳ңɱ죬·ܹ
ϢͬʱƬռ䣬ڻ࿹⡢¡
ʲôˣȻܹ·ۣ
оȣŻȻ·˲ϢУѷɫ١
ƺΪγɵľ·˵ϢǹɻӡƬ֮УʮҲ˥ߣγϵϢ
ķתںڰĿռ衣
ת޷ȥһֱ۾΢΢ʹȴԾ֣ЩķģٲȻһʷ飬м޷Ļ档
Ȼ֣ԨľͷиͬԨƵס
ͬаϢӿ
ԨȻ飬ǧٿ׵ķѡ
ѵ·˸Ĺս
𾪣·˼ʮʹ䡣˲ƵһǱɨŻˡ
ոնͷڱεɢ
һſŵǳ˸š
ǳ಻·ͷܿ᾵Ĺʯӵɽ
һſǳɢǳ
²ŵǳããޱͨһš
ȥĿϣǷһǧٿףƲ
ĿĸԶǺشдƬƬǳкȼա
شûκǳͳֻһڣһŻ޾âҫ
Źâ棬ֻǿһۣž𶯣·εĴһ¡
ǿǾǿ
ʱתʴʧ
ȻγطƬо棬ˣϢ
Ǿ̫ըƵǱסبų档
ţǣ
ϡһ桭
ʿվڱռɫף˫ֲͫĹ⡣
ͬϢֲˣңԶǺӱ˶ˣսһ
ȭӰ磬ۻ嫣ÿһȭȥ˺޾ǳ飬Ǻӱ˰Ӱû
޾ĹӰУһڵ伮
оģĻΪһصĹȭﴫ
ÿһб仯˺Ǻӣ޵ȭӰײһųֲĲƬƬձ飬ǧǳ𡭡
ⳡսƾóԶ֪˶֪꣬жǳ顣
üı·ȭӰǳѪҺȻ׹ããδ֪ռ䡣
֮׹Ļŵĺɫżбҳ
һĻ֮һл³Ǿ޴ԨԵǰ޷ġ
ղſһУЩ֮ķļ¼ġ
һ·һսӣȻǻ̫ʱˡ
Ǻӵ룬ս
·սصʯ·ͷ·˸˵һս
ֻһսսȴö֪
ڣȴ֪յĽ̫ʱ·һУ
·Ҳˡ
ĪĹż˽ɫҳˡ


1825 ʥ
ʣĽɫҳǡʥ䡷ˣƬԭ棬žǻ̫ȱǰµؾ
ǰգ·˸̫ȵĹս
뵽Щ֮࣬ͷӿѪ۾
һоһսӡۼ
ȼ˵һ޷ĲƸ
ָɢݳ˿˿ƵϢԨ·˲սϢ
䡪ޱʵϢʽʶ
еĸ·˸ǻ̫սʱ򣬶ϸãȫԺ
ĵãһһӡ֤
ʯ·Ȼͨ·µľӡۿ·εĴս
Ҳֻǿѡ˿̣ǿҸ·ڹսµӡϡ
·Ǹ·Ϊһ壬ܹĶϸ¡̡
ܹо·˶Եʱõÿһϸ΢仯
Щ򣬸նһһӡ֤գٴһµ
ģԨԵ
ڰƮ޷ģЩ޷ģ·ʷе֣ء
Ľȿ״̬һĹ֣ѿչϵ֦ҶڹΧ仨Ʈ㣬ٲȻ˼ɾ
ɽֳ侻
½ں֮ʱȫҵ״̬ν޷ࡣ
ھ֮У֪ʱ䣬֪£ϵЩģص
һʽı仯ݵ˼µĵزƵû̫ŵòȫ
ԭãܹ˾޵ı仯ȫѷɫκһʮľ衭
գΧϵһԨתϸӦ·Ϣ
·˸ǻ̫ŵսʱκϸ΢仯Ժĳֳ
ʱһα·š
ӰҲӸոڵԨԵʼǺӹս
ϵĸӦ·µսϢԽԽ䡣
ΧѪɫϢ˿˿ƵĳγΧ£
ԶԶȥǱѪɫĲϼ
ϼ֮󣬻Ѫɫʯ
ϥ棬ȫ֮С
ڵ취޴Ӱ֣ƶ֣Ѫɫϼںϣ֮УµһЩ仯
֪䣬ͨ顷յħֵ似ڲϵɱ䡢ٴɱ䡣
ƶħֵӰһ̶Ѫɢƣԭڿն˫ͫȼɺɫĹ⡭
ϵѪɫϼԽԽ񣬼ﵽǳС
ԽԽǺӹսشش·˸ǻ̫ŵǿսӡһںϡ
Ѫɫϼ뿪ʼǺӹսѸתһɺâ˸ӿ¡·޾׺ں
Ѫɫϼ棬ϥգŷ붨
ÿһë׶ɢâѪɫӡƵȫ
ÿһӡдɣɢХ֮
ЩӡϣЩŵ֡ԭЩֻǱӡʶǳɬ⡣
·˵սӡЩսӡںϣ
ֱӸʶһЩɬĵط׷׻Ȼʡ
ЩͰص֣һ̶׸Ѫ⽻ڣΪһ֡
һ̿ʼգ־һ
ѪɫĲϼ룬Ҳӹâҫ𽥳ȥģ·ǺӹսУ˰ɫʯ㣬ûκɢţһ
״̬֪˶ã·һϢַ·һԪ
䣡
ǱʯѪɫϼ룬Ȼѣɢؼ䡣
ʥڣ
һ̣֪ԼѾͻʥڣȻԭս֮УΪѹֻҪһԭսΪͻʥڣס
һѹΪ̸ǵڵĵزΪѾѹƲסˣͬһƿװ̫ˮòһ㡣
ȻʵѹƲסҲֻܲѹơ
ʥ۷壬ҪʼʱȱչһΣһչظʮ꣬ϰ꣬ԼΪ̣Ρ
ԴΪı׶ˡ
˳Ϣÿһë׶Ͼûκɢݳ
ֻǺ߼䣬ÿ̤һΧһЩƵǳͱ顣
һһߵǺԵʼء
һ֣Ѿһɫĳۡ
ʱǺŮվǿŲƵϣĿ߽˸֪Щʲô
ЩЩȣЩ
·ʶƵġ
Ȼǲرءջܴлл㡣
һڣ羪ը죬ķչ
Χһж˲һЩԭڲľʯֱӿ¡顣
ǿһ£ʨе
Ůһӡ
ŵ
һЦӣһμʶ·˸ǻ̫ʱһս
·˽սӡںϣջ
ĸо纣糱ӿ磬ʵͻƵٽ㣬ٴοһ
ҶգǰɬĵطȻʣڻͨǰ̥ǵ
زÿҪһף˾޴ջȻʮֻϲ


1826 
ľɭ֡
һļžУ޾Զгɺɽᴩء
໡
ɭֵУһֻͷĻڿʳһ߻Ȼ̧ͷɺɫĹĪĻһ䣬нβͣͷɭȥ
һʱ䣬ǹĪֵӴϢ壬Ļ޷׷״ӹľɭӳ
ĳУһ̤գ޾Ԩ˳
ɺɫĹâɢ
ԨϿתķ˸Ԩպϡ
ԭ׿صأһ˳˯
ںŮָؾ֮УҪ޷򣬶ԻϹ֮Ȼ򣬵ȴĲ࣬ԭҲΪ˽Ϲ֮ķţҲ޷ȸ߶ȵķĶվޡ
ܿġʥ䡷ͺˡжȻͷ
ּ󶼱ʥ䡷ڻλ۵С
ˣǻ䣬죬ҪԴΪ
ʥҲҪΪ۷ǻ۵¡
ʥŻ󣬡һֳν͸ۡһָʥǻʥǻĶˡ
ӵλ˵ʥҪ˦컯ʥӲ֪֣ȫܱȡ
šôҡ
ͻȻתͷ󣬺ŮһֻֻаƴСС룬һӵı顣
ѾˣǵĽ׽ˡ
˵Ů¶ãȻ֮ɫþã˵ͷȴδƿŲ
죬ʲôҪ˵ô
оŮֹ
ŮйɺúŵζرϤĸио
ţ
Ȼ֪Ů仰ʲô˼
ϤζѵС㣿
Ժеһʱ뵽С㣬ҲΪԼСӴСϢŮСĪĹϵ
ѯʣʱ򣬺ŮĿȴСλáϤĶ
ʶСλãйŹ֮ɫԺһͷͻȻһ
ԣλãǵڣ̤֮󣬵ﻯΪ磬ںŮģ硣
ȻŮĿⴿϾȴܸоһĿޱϬ·Ҫ翴һ
ʶתȫԪӡˣŮ۾һգգĶС
ƺȷһһ㡣
òǡ
ȻһͷһϢˡ
ŮģĪħ
ŵζϤĸо
ȻΪԼ˻ڲͬŮʲôиУܵľǣλħ
ΪһֱоŮĪϵ
Ҳûô򵥡
ŮħĻ״μһܸ֪Լħˣ
Զŵ۶ԲӡʱǸ٣˲֪ϹҲħʱ򣬲ħûֱϳħ
ڣŮͷβδùħȴԷħڣоһĪΣ
ŮĿ粻
ŮһͣʶĺһЩ˴˿е׹⡣
㡭ŮһţֿʼˣıŻеһܾСӡ
ĺŮһΪԼղһɲͷЩ
Щ̫꣬ˣѾ֪γ˽ΣɱҡеϰߡǶԺŮоĳŮİˣз֮ģԼȴһݺΡ
һУžΪħԭ
ħɱ䣬γʥ˵ġ֮ꡱ
ĪϵĺŮ˵֮꣬ǻһĪϤС
ҡ˵ȥġ
ŮæڣĳЩʱǳĴʶˣشܣΪ֪
Ҫ𣿡
һʵ
ŮԲں۾þãͷš
ã߰ɡתֱɶ
Ů򻯳һĻ
Ϣ಻ܷ
һ߷Уһ߽֪ϵֽеϡ
ѫֵֻڣڣ
üͷ΢壬۾˸һĨâ
ԭսž͹ȥ˲һʱѡ
ʱ䣬Ҫɱ㹻չڹѫֵ
֪ΧɢѸٽΧѰһ飬֣⸽ߡ
Ϊǰʱɱ䣬ɵɵƺһƬˣʶıܿƬΨ⸽û
ԭսٲȻһɷǡ
ȻûˣǾֻԼȥˡ

ԭսϡ
˷ݡ
޴ĳѨޱߵ±Ե·Ҫڱա
ǹѨһݣͷ·һľһ㡣
һ嫵ĹâӳѨɢ
ѨУһȺ˴Ųͬɫ۷Ĺ棬Ҵһ¡
ڳѨشһֻ޴ʬبţѪѾ̡
ޣԭսսΪֲھնɱⶼи
ȼһӣһߴȡѪһЦĿ·ŵһȺˡ
ǰڷҩҩиرâѤá
ϻիˣǵТĲЩҾˡҪɱЩޣҲæҶȡɽǰˣȻǵĵˣҾ˳ֽǴԭսĨȥɡ۾˸Ĺ⣬Цŵ
ҶȡɽǻһЩСɣʵС¡ȻСɣһԭսҲа벽ʵӡ
Ķ飬ڷ˵Ȼͬϣ赭дľ˵ҪĨɱ
ĻȻ·ŵȺ˶ԴŲɡ
ʱ㵽֧飬ϲ
л޵´ˡ
޵´˿ϳʵҡ
ǵȻΪȻǽǰһɣ޶޵´ǰնɱҶǰҪѪùˡĻߣﻹܹһʱ䣬ȡõĹѫֵ϶ࡣȥܹһĶҲࡣͻ磬ֻҪ󣬿϶ܹѹһ
޵´ˣһȡøõĶ׸ˡһЩСĵ
ͻȻǵĻﱻһ¡ľϡ
죬ڻ·𵴡
Ϣʱ䣬ֻǰӰһһڷǰ
⸽ֻһ𣿡ڷ̧ͷƴʳǴ޵£ʵ
ڷ꣬ǴǺӹսص
ôãҵ˵һֻ


1827 ʮڹѫ
Сӣ
ȻҸ޵´ô˵ҲȲ㣡
ԭǸļ֣ǲ֪ôдģ
ɾӢһʱߡ
ЩˣѾ׼ˣǿֲ֪ߵغɵСӣ޵ȻмڳֵģҪ޵ˣȡһӡ
ȻǷ׷Ҫж˿ʱ
ȴȵķ֣Χŵ޵£Ѿɫ࣬еʳҲء
һ˫С۾ĶĿǻͲŵ顣
ʱ˲ԣô޵ƺʶ꣬Щ¡
㡭Ǹ֡
޵¿ˣΪԭսĸ֣ȥսԭ𣬴ˮ㣬Ūô
ͣɱŸˣǰˡ
Ȼǣ
ʲô
֣˶Ȼɴ۾ǻûȴ֡
һʱ䣬Ŀ⾪ޱȡ
ˣǸ壬ǰҲ壡
ɱˣܣ
֪˭ֽһȾܣҲһɢŵƨ
޵Ц飬۾Ŀ˽䱸
ãʽǲͽһ
ͻȻ䣬޾Ļ޵˫ͫ
ÿһǵ涼˺գɢĺ
һУ޵Цһƺڱصá
Ȼһ̣磬Ӵܡûôɵǰı̬ħ˱ܵˣܣ˵ȥҲûЦĹѫֵǾ͵òʧˡ
̤жһѪ쳤ǹ·Գɢ޾ɺɫ
ಡ
ǹһ޾ĻȻһǹӲȫ˹ȥ׷ѡ
޵ͫΪ˲䣬ǹһɱ
Щ˸оһǿϤϢʧŵûɢ޵´˾ˣǿǴϽܣȻͳΪɱǵĹѫֵˡ
ⲻ֪ζ˿񱼵Ӱû׷ϵȤ
Щ˵ʵ̫΢ɱˣܵõĹѫֵҲޡ
ҪɱһЩ֪ȥˡԭսôǻħ־֮ͨһĶңҪҵҲʮѣ
оеĹѫֵһЩǽɲ⡣
ԭսɶоӢһЩŵĹѫֵӦò
⣬弲ɶ

ԭսһ·ɱϵѰϵɱ¾ѫֵڻš
ϣħʼûٳ֡
ԭսһˣ޲뿪;˳
ʶ϶ħǲ
ΪպյȻĸһСʯ
ħ˵ûг֣ԼµĴ㡣
֮⣬벽ҲǺܺҡ
Ϊɱ¾ɱ֮ʼŪúܶĴﵨսľΨ
ʱ䣬ȥһꡣ
˲֪ٳսȻĶ֣ûһټԭսѰǣȴĥ
ͬһɫˣԽԽϤԼԼɡ
ɱΪԭսһجΰĴڡ
ģʱֹȥ˼£ĹѫֵҪʮڣɱһ͹ˡ
ɹһɽȵУͻȻһɽȣҩ˱ǡ
ȵĵѨϸ軺ӣɭޱȡ
һƢҩ
һҩҩΧΧ˺ܶˣһЩʶġ
ڤȪˮСȷֵģҪɣΧ£ߵһȺ˵
ڤȪˮ˵ԭսϵҩ֮һҩ㣬ȼһܹ꣬ڻа
Сһ֧ӢСӣЩӵɱһ˽ֻʣʮˣҸصˡ
ôȥСʣӣѼֵԭսҾƴ⣬ǵĹѫֵҲۻȫ㡣
Χ£СЩˣֱɡжһԭͱСҪӴ
һС˷ڤȪˮ̺ҲˡֻǱСһΪҩ
СˣһСʶľ͸ϽȻҩòҲ߲ˣӵǸߴϣЦ
С˵Ŀ⣬ǿһȺ
ŶӵˣҲɫ䣬Сһ
Сˣһɫúѿ
ɣҩˡһɽϷ̧ͷȥȻͿɽϣվһЦݵӡ
ӣڸԭʱ򣬸Сڵйִ
ಡ
һȺ˴ǧɸ߷һԾ£è㽵䣬ɾһȺ˵ش
һˣС˵ĸɫѿСҵ£һȺˣȻθӲ
ٺ٣Сλ׷ӡǣûʲôϣû뵽ǻҵ˺ûǰ
һȣֻУһưܳ۵ĶߣͷɢһϸܵĻţһ
Ƚ
˲ĴȴҺϹ֣ǶĴ߸ɣҲһĪĺñ£ϲŭ޳ɱˡ
һȽ֣СǸСصĵӣĪ
ȽխǳǰڵǰȽȽòС˵©졣
ʱȽвҪɱ
¶ǰǵԼЩҩЩ˵ĻǴȵɱˣһ㹦ѫֵɡ
ЦĿɨ۾Ź⡣
ɣû뵽ӰжСֽţڵǾͶСеĶȽǳ֡
С⣡Ƚ˵ûһȺϷС
׼֣ɱһȺϵɲǣͻȻоһȻת󣬲֪ʲôʱ򣬳һ꣬ĿĮĶͬڿһˡ
һˣá
ŶȽȻҲ˶Է
ʲô
ȽһʱûӦûмһսڳ
ϻֳַѪǹһǹ̶ֱ̳Ƚؿڣ

Ƚŭû뵽ͻȻðô֪ߵغ꣬ȻҪֱ֣
ҪһȻոֵ̧һ˲䣬ĳǹȴͬᴩһ㣬Բ˼ٶȣؿڡ
ۣ
Ԫֽͬһ㱬飡
Ѫǹһ̣һʣ飬Ѫ䣡
Ƚֵ̧ƣǲ֮ɫôû뵽ô򵥵ģ˴̴ࡣ
䣡
ԪȽѪȫϣѾûһ·ˡ
һͬСආһ㱻һǹͱֱɱһˡ
ʮڹѫֵڹˡ
ȻǹȽʬ壬ͬһһ˳ȥ


1828 ս
ǰ
ɫȽͬһĴڣôɱһɱˣ
ӸоԼΡ
һǹҲƽƽ棬ΪʲôȽ㲻ȥ
Ӧ˵ӵ֪У¸ղһǹȽ㣬Ҳ˵˼ҷֺ
ӣڳ˶Щ£ǵȻֲղһǹ̺ķ޷жϳղųǹٶȣΪʱշĴңǹٸ޴ƻʵ
㡭ǵǵǸ࣡
ӻǼڵǵʱЩӡȻתۼ䣬ɫˣ·ʶʲôµ顣
ɵ˲뵽˭
ȻûѪǹӵʺ
ۿŷѪǹҪȻһɲǣȴоԼ屻һĪķˣˣֻĿһǹ
Ƕǰ㲻ɱԭ򣿡
ԭսһͷһ˲䣬šۡһ죬ǹᴩʺ
ϢѾ
ɱˣижȽĶ֣ȴûбʲôֲƣŲδƶ
龰˾㤡
ɱ
˼ɬڣϢȻ֪һһɱĿ꣬ϵɱʹ
Ա˶Ը߲ʵĴֻǹѫֵ
֮ǰɱȽ˵һ䡪ʮڹѫֵڹˡ
ô᲻ݡ
Ѿɱˡʮڹѫ
Ǻ˵Ĺѫ϶ǳĹľѫ֡
תͷһڳˣһۣúܶ˼˵
ɡ
ڣЩϺзȥɱ
ܶ⣬ɢӡ
ȻСĺܶӣȴΪǵʦûƶŲ
忴ֹ
һۣԭս֮УСҲԵԭսҲǽСơ
ڤȪˮˡ
Ѿ֮ǰСУҩ֣һֵ񵤵ҩҪ
ҩ͸СҲһ

廹˵ʲôȻڵʱӰȴѾʧ֮䣬ֻɽȼص
ʱţɱ֮һʱ伫ʢһʱֵ֮Ĵˣ󣬸ǽ
Ȼʱԭսĸ֣һħɲսеĳѾ˾
ٴλص·˺ͻֵ̫֮ؾ֮Уʼĸķż
ΪͻƵù죬Ҫʱ˳Լ
ʱ侲ţԨԵޣǺŮȴһεƬؾ֮Уʱ߲Զڵ±ϣӳңԶǳƺڻԶ֮ǰĹ¡
֪Ů˶飬ֻǸоЩ˵ԽԽ˳ˣᶯͽͰ졣
ޣˡ

ԭս֮⣬С
һɹǿϢ
еƱ˺ѵ粼һ㡣
һΡĹɢհĹâĿޱȣУ˾η
վŵһЩŮһȻΪ
ɽһĻƽսɢâ칬棬˲ֱӡ
⻹ǿӰվƶˣӰӰ´£ӣɢĺϢԨ纣϶ǾԵǿߡû˸С
ⶼǸĴΪӭԼȺЩԭս콾
ԭսҪرˣﶨȻŹʣѹȺӢ
һΪ⣬ĿԴһߴ˵
ٺ٣δش󷽹ʣһЩϹ棬һΣ֪ɵνҪԱˡһЩϸȻǿ£ǱЩʱ̫õϹȻҪѷɫһ
һЩϹﲻݵĶῡֵܳĻЩţҲҪʧء
ԽԽʢ󣬺̤ܶԭ棬ǣӭԭսĿ
ԭսֻԭһ֣ԭ̫ˣк˻죬вֹһԭսͬԭսʱҲǲͬġ
ԭףԭսҪˣ´Ϊޡ
߸ߵϣޱ޼ʵɫţɢâĿҫۡ
һɹĪƵ
ٹȥһֱǹرŵģ˿ڻҲԤʾԭսϾҪرˡ
ˡ
ȺУ˷ܵĺЩƽǹսϣԼĵӳܹѹԷһͷ档
Ժܶ˵ԭսĳɼغŵķչܲţ
һֻ̣ɫŵУ¡һ죬֮УಣӰ׷˸֡
һɹǿѪϢ˷
ӭȥ
һɵһǰݳƣߴЦ
ҵĺúɵúáٺ٣ʵүүй⡣ߴȰ˵ͷǰӿâĹѫƣ֪һɱ˲ˣο
ðѪ˾ǲһɱʮˣţʥ۷ǿߣãҺ⡣Ѫĳϣ߳ļѪˣͷϰĹͷɢǹ졣
ʲôɵֻʣһ˳˭ɵģҲгϰǰ˺۵ĵӣɷ졣
ˡȻݺǺõúܣȻ˺ݶҲҧгݡ
ȺŬѰԼͽӡ
еԼӽܳϲޱȡҲеʵҧгݣ氵׼
һʱ䣬ӿ
ǰͷܶ


1829 
çĵڣ֪ꡣ
ڵѹɭȻû˸ҿ̫Ϊõ˿ֱӻᱻѹʶ
ͻȻ䣬ǰҫһĶĿâ
ֻһȺ۵ˣмˣ׷׾еơ
汬һɹɹ⻪
ÿһ⻪䵽֮ϣͻᱻһӦ
Ƿֱлûһ֡
Ĺ⻪ԽԽܻ࣬ջ۳һֵ
ǧİٶʮѫ
ڵǰһųѩ׵ĺǼһ֡
˵õܹѫֵ
ãɫ۷СϷŹ⡣һεĳɼԶԶ֮⡣
ǰԭսܹһٵӾǲĳɼˣһм˳ʵڿϲɺء
Щѫֵܹŵõٺô
£ڵǰ׷ƶһѫֵ
ͬŵĹѫϵĹѫܹһ𣬳Ϊŵܹѫֵ
һЩСϲأǷһνԭսҴ˱ȴǰ˺ܶࡣ
еСɣѫﵽʮʵ̫ãټҲȷʵʵЦƽ̺ϲ£죬ϲޡ
ǰ˷
ܶ콾ӣ׷׳֣˻ϲ
Ҳһɫɭ䡣
е֣ԼŶӾȻһ˶ûг֡
壬ѫֵŰʮ򣿡ǰĹѫֵ˸ԣ¶ǰ
ʱڳһЩ˵ɧۡ
ôܣĴ壬ѫֵǲ˼飬һξȻһ򡣡
ǿûг֣ѵˣһЩһĻޱ𾪡
໡
峤ڷŭʱ׹ϡ𵴵õǰĿ糱
˭ɱ˭ɱ
Ϊʲôƽûг֣
ľȥˣɱˣ
һЩӪŭ
ڵǰεһĻһЩĹѫֵȻûйһ
ЩСɷ׷׷գγĶԱȡ
˶Ծķ֣ЩѫֵûйһĴɣ޲ǽƽ̻ߴ䡣
ʵΪԭ򣬲ܸŴٹѫֵȴãŵĻ
дȫͬģˣֱܱӳԵʣ
һһ⣬ѫֵǼĲࡣ
˵ʲôһɱˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ӫ棬һʨӰߴ𣬳һŭ
սսĻӦţɱ˾޴ѹ
ҽšҲǱɱ˭
ɵˣǴΪԾǲ֪ݡ
ֱ̫ţҲ˵ݣһҪϣһŭĿ¶ɱ
ʱЩ֮ϣһɻ֮С
ôûг
ĻȪǣг
վˣһЩǰ벽𡢴ʵǷֻÿ˶ɭɭһЩӰ棬޲ϣǯ}ˡ
һȺˣĻȪˡ
Ī滹ɱķ
ɣֻΪ϶ֶЩСȤģοԭսϾҪرաӦóˡ
˵ǻס档һЩȪĵҲ²⡣
˵硵ĵͷȪԽ²⣬оԽûףвԤС
ѵˣħɱ
дɵ۲쵽һĻ²⡣
裬Ӯ˵Ļҫĳˡԭսرڼ֣Ǳħɱˡ˴󵨲²⡣
⻰׷׾е
ȪЩŭͬʱҲӵġ
ԣħҲû
˷֣Ƕ棬񹬳һûڻУͬڵȴԼ칬
ԻȪ˵ĲĿ⣬칬˺ĵ˹ȥһĿɷ
ɫſҪرյʱͻȻԨ纣ĻϢȫ
棬ˡ칬Ӫ
Ƕһīɫ۷ȫһϢеߡ
˫ֲͫâɨķ
һ֣˾
һ칬ˣ
棬ζȻնɱ˻Ȫһ칬Ҫķˣ
û»Ȫôһ칬棿
칬ϲȪĵӣһ׷˪ӣǶʮֲȻ֮ǰĲ²⣬ҪӦˡ
ܶ칬ĵǰӭӻħȻǸӭȥȴһȻħɽĿ˳Ʒˡ
棡
еӾȻħͷ·ûƵģÿЩӣ񹬶ûнȥɫҲһֱĿ£Ӱ˸Բ˼ٶԶߡ
һȺ칬ĵĿŷߵĻħ񣬱͡
ôˣ
鲻á
ô죿
Ͻ׷칬˻һЩ߽׵æΡ빬ƿգ׷ŻħӰȥ
ֻһȺΧӻڿУ۵Сۣȫ֪ʲô顣
ħô£ҪǴʤ̣ôô͵Īˣôأ
Ȫ˿ħȻһԲĶߣһǱӰŭȴӵĻ̻
ʲô˵ʲô
ȪʱͻȻһ
Уһʥ֮Уʥصƽ̣ոҪϡ
㡭˵һ飿Ǵߣȫɫ֮Уʱϣǲŵ顣
ǡǣ˵ԭսս󲻾ã͡ͱɱˣԼҲˣʱħҲûҶ֣ٺħʧֱ꣬ų֡
Ϊ֮ǰʥƽ̵ܶ˶ӵһʱ䣬˶ˡ
һλ𼶵ĸ֣Ҳɱôܣ
ħŵӻе˼ԲŶŸҳ֡
һ𣬱壬궼û¶棬飿
칬ʣĵӣ׷ŭĿӣȴû취֮ǰһԵߣ¾õĽˡ
֮ǰҪϵƽ̣˵ˡ
֪ԼĵӲ˵οΧкܶԭսҴߣǻֵ̿ͷӣԴǧȷ
ƽ̻û˵Ȫ˾ʹгǻȪֻԭսȪûеӽ룬ȫ˽
ʲôΪ
Ȫʵ
ǴĵҡͷӦò̫ߣ䲻Ǹ֮࣬⣬ԭսĴоųˡ


1830 Ԫ
ӻ˵棬һڿˮҲµԼ˵Է䲻һ֮󣬻ķ졣
Ȼһ䣬ΧӵЩˡ
һ࣬ɱ𣬻ɱڶΪδԭսг֣⵽ô£
ȺѾϾ̫࣬ܶϵĹƿأ֮·һ˵Ļۣһ˵ޣţûдҲǲȡĳɾ͡
òҵʲôµżɡ
пܡ治֪Ǵðģһ֪𣿡
ܶԭսƽĵӣʡ
ȻǲԼͬҡͷ
ʱСĵӣһл̿֡
ʱɱķʱС̲סĴСйϵ
ҺС˼ʱֹ֣˴¡
忴ȻСжֳԽԽСС㣬ûǸƲϵȽϺãǷ
Сĵ̣˴һЩǸŸ𶼲Ϊ档
ô졭С۸˵
ЩǨŭǡ
ҲΣֽסݣЩĳ飬鵽Сͷϵġ
ֻʵʵ˵Ǹȷʵûϵֻżѣ˵ǾǸ̸ϣĿǵʱҲԼġ
ԸɡܲھΪͰǣϰɡ
۸˵ţͻȻһ޺̧ͷֻһֻ޴̫ޣɢޱߵѹӵӹͣ˵ǰһյϡ
һֻſ˫аɷ֮ɽȫ
ſ죬뵳һɹŨ
һ磬׳˶߻˳
θһӾâľӢߡ
ͫâ·Ŀ⻺ڳɨ
Ԫˣľ
ܵ˵Ԫ˵ĵۣǶССΧԣԪȴһһĴ
ΪЩԪ磬Ԫ칬ĸ
ԪԪ״ӣʵǰ벽𣬾˵ڰڣһϣͻ𾳽磬ȻֻһϣԪ˳ΪԪ칬֮Ķ
Ƣ꣬ǸǵĽɫ
һЩԪСˣ׷׹Χ£ȥ
μˡ
СˣˡȺ׷񣬹쳣
һΣջΣԪ˲ûжӺѣֱ⡣һǿԪ칬ԭսĵջ񣬶һЩԪ칬С죬ҲбҪ
֮ǰԪ˵ģҪЩСõܹѫֵǽ
ˣһνԭսǧˣ˰ٶʮˣѫֵߡ
ˣǷɽνԭսǧˣʮˣѫֵ
Ԫ˵ĻһЩС׷ױ˸׬ȡĹѫֵ
ԪһһüĿЦЩ⣬ЩСջĹѫֵȴǰ˲٣ѵԪʵô
Сˣô˵Ȼ䣬Ԫ˺ȻСӵĸŹֹ֣ӡ
С⸱ģŹ֣ڵĺĵӣƺЩ̿֡
ˣʣСĥĥ䣬ԪĿ絶ޱȣ˵ĿҲ׷С˿ȥ
Сѫֵʮǧ١Ŀ֮£С˵
СԭսҴһǧˣڵľӢСҴʮˣʮˣȴ˹ѫֵĽһ롣
ţԪ˳һǵһԭսϣСջĹѫֵֻмӣһξȻﵽʮʵͻͽ
ĲԪʦһܸˡǿʼĽͣһΣС˿϶͡
Ԫ˵
ˡԪʦⷬ͡С߲һۣ֪ʲôˡ
Сİ۸˵ʵСȡõĹѫԶԶֹЩ
ŶСи๦ѫֵɣɲҪſڿӣ
ԪһСˡԶֹδʣЩɣѫֵѾʮˣСļޣôܻٶࣿ
СĹѫֵͻƶʮҿǸĽԪ˳ŵΪСԼĳŵʮּû뵽С߲ǣɫŹ֣Ī
ôɱûһŵɣ
Ԫһ䣬ȻЩã


1831 ѫ
˼ʵе⣬ҹѫֵ²Ƕʮô򵥡Сһһı飬ʵ˵ٳϹϵ²
µģʲôֱ˵ǣֹʮѲɻʮһ򲻳ɣǲǸô
ԪüͷһЩùһĴҲǲѫ
ԪΪС̬ȶˬʱͻȻ䣬ڵϣСĹѫֵıˡ
ţ
ԪһС˵СĹѫֵи࣡
ѫֵúܿ죬ͻƶʮֻһգ۵ʱѡ

Ԫ˵ͷԭõɫҲࡣ
˵˵ȥɼҪɼãС֮ǰʲôԪ˲ϲҲܽҹȥ
Ǽգ۵ʱ䣬ѫֵﵽʮ򣬶ƺֻۿͻʮ
Ԫ˿Сˣ˵ܺãǳɼǳʣģһᰴ֮ǰԼõģСֽġ
Ȼû˵꣬СĹѫֵѾʮˡ
һӣԪЩˡ
ʮѫֵԭǽļˣû뵽ܴﵽʮֵôص顣
ǲȻһ֣Ī׼ʲôô
ԪźӣЦݸʢֱСΪǼΪеĳƺˡ
Ԫ˵ЩţȷʵΪԭս׼ν֮ǰСҲȥı󤡱
ԪеĳƺСհ۸ȴûаܳĸоһɬ
֪ĻˣСĹѫֵôȵȻΪڽƵĹѫֵע˵ϡ
ôСĹѫֵٶԽԽ죬Լٶ
ʮˣСһ˰
Ԫ󣬻һЩгϣЩ˶Ԫĵӣ׷׷ףء
ôɫôѿأǲǵԪ칬Ľ֣˵Ҳ̫Сˣ칬ôһ㽱ôʮĹѫҲһݲٵóġ
Ȼ˵ţȴˣΪСĹѫֵѾʮˡ
ֻǣ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ôǣѾʮˡ
˼飬СҪˣǾ͸һЩùĴˡ
ͨԽǺ
ţԹĴ࣬һ㶼ͨУʾ֮Żˡ
Ԫ칬ĵţ׷׻СĵӣƺҪȷǲǳʲôš
ʮ򡭡ʮˣ
мԪ칬ĵѾĿɿڴˣʮѾ쳬ˣ
һ壬ŰʮѫֵȻûɳ̫ӣ˵Ǳʲôնɱô˵ҲС͵ģ
ͷ
Ԫü
ȷʵţֵأһţսˣ㹻ĻȷʵӰƽ⡣
ԪЦ˵
Ȼܿ죬ЦˣΪСĹѫֵѾͻһ
һû˵ôŵģ
ǸСҲôףСĳţԪܸŲǡ
һʮ죡
СĹѫֵͻһٶȻӿ죬֮ǰһһǣʮʮ
úܶӳɵˡ
ԣ
ԪǷ׷վ۾ɵùԲĿתĶŵڡ
ˣҪô
Ƿֵ֣ԽٶȾԽֲľ飬ٶȥôҲҪǵ˾Ű
Ȼתۼ䣬ǾʶԼˣҴס
ǧ
ܶӶɳˡ
ʱڳ׷ע⵽˵ڵı仯һСŵĹѫֵڿ쭣
ô£
Ƿ׷׿ǧʥأȫɼﵽ£ҲѴѫֵ
ǧ򡭡ǧ򡭡ǧ򡭡
Ԫ˵ѾˣҪǵʲôʱǸͷ
֮ǰںŵСĹѫֵﵽ٣ֳܶתۼѾǧȥԪ칬ҪƲˣ
һڣ죡
Ԫӣ°ͶҪڵˡ
ʲô
Сģһб䣡
һ֮󣬹ѫֵһǧһǧ
ۿЩǷһϹܶǳ鴤
ڡڡڡ
ô£
дƽ̾ŭĺ֣̫ˣ
Ǹһ֮⣬бˡ
ǸСеģǽСŵƣ
ܶԭս߳ĵӺܿеĹؼôֲĹѫֵȻ𺳣ȴ޲֮УΪ
Ĺѫֵ׻ﵽ٣
Ǿ֮䣬СĹѫֵѾﵽ˰˸ڡ
ʮڣһʮڣ
ͻȻʶһ㣬ʮڹѫԶһ߼Ľ
Ǹɱô֣Ϊ߽죬ȻʮڹѫҪһɫҳ̫ˣ
ǵľ̾Сڽԭս֮ǰϸѯʹһɫҳʼСͷû뵽ôɫҳˣ
Ϊˣԭս׽˶ķ粨̿սʹǿǰᣬһɱ
µˣ
ûĹѫֵȻʮֵ߰ϣպÿԶһɫҳ
Ǹ
˴󺰣һʱ䣬ܶ˶ʼȺ֮Ѱҡ
Ȼǰ̫ˣۼһ𣬻ޱȣҪһˣ̸ף
οݣòıˣ
Ͼԭս̫࣬ټ϶һɫҳ˸ߵĿʾˡ
ѰҵʱԭսѾرˣԭսر֮ǰ߲ܳĻͻᱻĨɱȻǵıǲֻǹѫֵʧ˶ѡ
ǵУ
˳˵û֪˭
һܻͬɱĺˣҪҵ̸ף
οڳߣΪҲǰ벽𣬳ѾߵĻħ֮⣬û𵽴ˡ
˭ܷ
Ǹ࣬ڵǸСǡ
ܶͻȻѰڵܿ죬ҵС
һʱ䣬Сİ۸壬Ť˿ϡ
Ļˡ
С㲻
ǸҲֻĹϵʵӦòڱǣ
ֲãԭǸɱ꣬Ǽġ
Ԫ˿Ȼ˵ڲΪʲôһصı顣
ܿ죬СˣҪ̲ԪҲûֹԭ㱻ɱҲӰ쵽𣬶ҵǻֹ֡


1832 ʥ
ıǸ࣬˷ѩ֮£ӶˣСȥıѰұ󤣬żȻ
Сˣߣֱʣֵ֪ܿȫ̡
ϸڣСȻһʼôʵ㽫ΪСо˫޵ĶȵȣѾгˡ
ʥڣ˵ʲôǸʱֻʥڣ
ΪʱڳһվȪ˸Ӽ
ͷӣ˵Ǹʥڣ
Ȫµӣһݹᾣȴ쳣ߴ̷ߣһѽСİ۸һֻСһ㡣
۸ɫ΢ףǰĵλʵڲֵһᡣ
಻ѡ
۸ǿ˵
㲻Ҫ˵ҵʦǰһʥڵСϣ
̷˫ĿѪ죬ֱҪһ㣬ȪĵӣܶɭɭƷй죬ĳˣʲô
۸΢΢ҧͷƭҡĹȷʵޣӦòġ
ôʣСѹʵ̫һǵĸ죬С˸пܡ
ߣ
̷ƺЩ߳ŭˣСо޹⣬Ȼֲ֪˭ͷϡ
ʱ̷ߵһ˿ڵϹ֣߳ŭˣּ󶼱ȷʵһС̶ȣСҲûʲôô
ˣԻ칬
칬һֱȪͷһΣͬʱһСϳԱ𲻱˵ֱӱɵħҲƵû¶ͷֱԭսرղų֣Ҳʹ÷зˡ
˹ͬĵˣ칬ͻȪĹϵǻһЩ
Ҫһ¶ԲߣΰҳԭսôˣѾʸ֮ˣοСϿ϶ܣ򲻿ܳɳ̶ֳȣ˵õһ̫ء
˵䣬۽һƺ⡣
˵ģҲǴ˵뷨߶Ĳ򣬶һ۴ģҪʮʱۣһţҲûдеһߵһҲ˵ʲô˲õϹŴԵ
ϹʱɲȻһЩ̫ܵأֵ
ԣΣҪҳһһѾ뿪˵ǣϧ߽ԭ֮ǵıҲᱻȷռ䣬Ѱңҵ´ˡ
ܶҪı֮Уԭսɨ˵ǻرҪǣǸСûгɳ£ôܻŹ
೤ıʱͻȻ䣬һƬӡ
ôˣ̷߲õĺʲô
ϣ˽ӽ˵ڣҲǡ
˻û˵̷꣬߾ͳȥˣһȺĸ߲׷ɱڵĳ
ڣſµѹƽʱûܿţ𶼲⡣
ûΥԭķ
һǾһˣõڵڵʸĻȴԽӽڣԼ֡
ڶȻ˵˿˵ڣʱ뵽һˡ
һȺ˳ڣԶԶĿһ꣬ƮƮȻڣǿµѹԷ·ƵģԽԽӽڣ̤УĴݡ
˵ĽǶȣֻܿǸıӰĳࡣ

ܶɲжϳԭս֮սҲֻܻ˵ڵϿɣôĴݵĽӽڡ
Сӣ
˷ŭֱȻûԶ֮󣬾͸ܵ˵Ӵѹ޷ǰ
һ㣬׼Լǰﵽ޵ɲǣȻеĳ
ע֮
ԼĻȫעԼ彣ϣĺġ
Ȼڵǵķ򣬻еڵѹŷɳɣ͡һ鿪ڽϵĻķѣ֮ƺһɫ԰ס
ܵ˷ɡ
嶯ڣǲܿΪǼΪΣգ
סʼգδͷһۣѾɵ֮ǰ
ô죿Ǿô
˲ĵ˵ܶҡͷ൱ε飬ûκΰ취ֻĿţƵǣ׶
࣬ҪڵϿˡ
ڣһ޴ɽǵǵȻǽڵڵ֮ϣͬһһ㣬ۡ
Ӱһ·θߣѡԼҪֵλá
ڵϿֲѣѵӮÿֵʸ
գͣѡһλãλÿûʲôرģλõԱߣͻٿУȴԾ塪ʥ
ֻ֣ķˣ̺巨һܹġԵȥ
ৣ
һڵĳǹǰǹ
ǹһ֣㱬һɲԹź嫵ϢµڣƺδܽϢȫѹơ
ѡĵطʥԱߣҪʥԱ߿֣
⣡
˶ʱʶĴ㡣
ʥǻŮһ࣬ǻȫŮԱ߿֣ⴥڳߴ񾭡
ƺǶǻ嵱һĳŪΪûܹӮÿֵʸ꣬죬Ҳֻʥһˣڵ֡
ǣǲϿɵͨˡ
ȴһܹ࣬ʥԱ߿֣ʥֱ˫ɵĸо
βŭ
쵰
˲ĵսȭͷʱˣǹ󿪴ϣǹУ̻ڵϣʯӵĴ죬Ǳ䣡
֣ɷ裬̺Ǻɱ֮⣬壬ͷ·ս޾ɱɽӣ
ʯм׷䣬ֱʯգֻµĺۼȻ˳Ծǣµȴǡֺ
ֺı
˭֪֣Сӵʱںߵġ
ͻȻڴıϣɵ㣬»ǣĳܣҸԼһҲ֮е顣
ֺ֣Ƕ֪Ǽ١
Ϸˣ
̷ϹӶЩˣһȺĿ֣ʥƽ룬ȴʲôˣҲκβ
ǣ
˺
ˣڳڳҲ޷Խɽǵ棬ԣûκ塣
ΪŮ񣬼ֱﲻˡ
гһգڵϿ֣һȥ֣
лŲĵ˵ȻĻȴʵ޷ͬͬšѣΪһڵϿֵĿܡ


1833 ɫҳ
¡ֺֺоԼѾϵ˵ڣͷԺһЩôֿɼ
ɫҳ
ĬȻ֣ƶû˵֮УջʱгһűĽֽ
ʮڹѫһĽɫҳ
񼤶֣ɫҳͬ
ԭΪɫҳǳһŽֻֽ鱾С
û뵽ԼеŽɫҳɴһ㣬һץôһ飬չ߳ߣһСһ㡣
ɫҳǳָи˿һ˳ӭ⿴͸
ȻȴҲΪأӡУ˳صĶһץ͸ΪȫȥԺȻʵϣɫҳץУȴƮ֮Уƺһ紵˿
Ķ
ܵŽɫҳĲȥֻֽ֮ϣԿֺ͸ַӵķģЩм䣬ϴĹְ֣ɫһ㣬ԡ
дǡʥ䡱
ʥ䡷ֻ֣ޱȣ֣ûκΣ֤ɫҳǿ
̺⣡
ʥ䡷ѵνġʥ䡷
оԼеģǡʥ䡷Ĳƪֲǡʥ䡷ֻǡʥ䡷ɣʥ䡷ǰ֣ǲǻԼ˼ȥģ
ʵϸ룬ʥ䡷ĴľǻҲδ˵壬ΪҲǻԼ˵ǲǣ˵
ֻԿ϶ʥ䡷Ĵߣһϵߵ˼µϵϣ
ȥⱡĽɫҳϣʵڿֺ̫ͷˣÿһĶСԿľأϸȥһδ֪Լľ֮˫ۣʹ
ǡʥ䡷֮вľӡ߻
ľ̫ˣʵĶȥһ͸о͸֧֧š
ʱһϢԺһ˼֡
ϢģģȴһָоȻһ˽ɫҳʵֻǡ衱ޣȴһ
ֻҪţɫҳ͹Уȥɫҳͻᱻջء

ϢܶͷɫҳкܶţַԼ۾õʱ䣬ڵĽɫҳᱻһ⡣
ôʥ䡷νԭҲԭˡ
ڻ弸ʮƾʷУ½½˶һ˽ɫҳ֮ġķƷ
Ʒ漣ȻԶ˵ȫȡ
һӵСʥ䡷ˣҲԼеĽɫҳ
лЩͷһõʮڹѫһɫҳϢֻܳΪʸ֮ġ
Һԭ棬ʵ磬ɻΣա
ڲǿʱҵ뿪
ûͷ֪淢˶ɧңһڵ֮ǰ֪ǧУӶ顣
ϧеڵѹڣЩ֪̽⵽Լ
ѾַͨʽϢȥ
ھ˴ԭսгֻȥӣûʲôָʱţĸֻԽԽࡣ
޴ޱȵԭ棬вģС
ɲڵţʱ޷뿪
ĬĬɫҳӰһֱɸ߶ȣӷɹһ㣬ֱԽ˵ڵɽʧɽһˡ
ˣ
ԽɽǸ׷ˣ
ǣǽǧˣɽ֪Ӳ֪ɽͬǵһ㣬ûܷԾӵڵʸ
ܶ˿۾ˣǾôĿõڵʥ˫ɵ֣ҡڵ뿪
Һް
̷߲ʵĺض㣬ҲۣҲۣ׿ӵе̸ܲǽɫҳļֵҲ
ƫƫǵţûõʮ֮һҪǶԶԶﲻ
ǻĹ屦ȴһõ
࣬ӶǵĶһô䵽У
һҪɱ
ʱ򣬻ĳ϶Ѿԭսɱ˶ʹôˣ˺ۣܶһõҪۺĶ
ڸ׷׽ϢͨȥʱѾɽֱԭȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ڷйУ巢žžı죬忪ʼ䰫ݣòҲͨݣһ˶ȫҲ·˼ˡ
ġ̥ǾѾܸߵľ磬Ϊ澫𶼿ݡ
ȴûаƭԷεǶûмʶġ
룬ɫҳԼλã廯Ϊһ⣬ʧߡ
ȻԭսսѾʱ뿪ԭ棬һҪҪԭʥ
Ͼ棬֪ʥһ֮УҪȥʥ̫̫ѡ
ôõķʽԭн𼫴ķ粨ʥ
ѾԤϵڵ־ͿʥԱߵ飬ڼ̵ʱڣ棬̶ʥĶС
ҲʥԱԭ


1834 תʥ
棬ǻһ棬棬ǧ˰ٽ磬Ѿ˰ʮꡣ
νĴаʮ꣬ζڹȥİʮʱڣûоʲôغƽ٣ֻн裬ûл
õ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ĵ̣Ҳ
ʮǰʮ󣬻߿ʼһĵҪеĻۣҪĵ̺֧֡
ʶĵǳ棬Ƽ㹻ˣһ
һµĴҲЩԳԽ֮ϵĸľ޴Ƹ
棬Ļ֮Уĵһ磬Ҳ磬ͨĵλߣΪֵһ𣬶ܴﵽλ֮ϣ
ǱˣǻĻۣһˡ
ʥأΪʥأǺʵ
ʥأռ˵һ½İڽйؾΪṩ󼰵
ʱڻʥأһƬⰻȻСС
ƬС磬ʮֵܰྻ
峿·ڵһɴﳤ˸黨ݣ¶ڻݼۣһ¶飬䵽䣬ᱻΪȪ֮ҺѪȷ硣
ֻͨĻ¶ѣÿҹۣ峿ų
ƬɾһСУһͨӣǰ棬һѰӣûʲôرģһ˫µ㣬̤ǰݵϣһööֺ羧ӨԲ顣
һŮӣһɫȹ˫ȱֱ߾ȣӾͬƷ
ϣһֻɫΪƯë֮һ˫۾·ʯɡ
ʱŮר־ںٵĳϣӳϽɫ
УƽϵģһűĽֽ£͸
ֽ֮ϣϸС֣ԼķģϸĶʱʱ̵ֳĽë΢΢գţµӰ֮
ȻһϳŮӿŽֽǡʥ䡷Ľɫҳ
Ůӣǻʥ
ϵԼޡ
겻յʥԲͬƼĸоͬŮԲλࡣ
Ϊ
ʥתĵתͬٴλ
һУҲԭ
Ϊĺʥ·õ˸ĻԵݻԵʹˡתĵת
ڵʥǱжʥ䡷Ϊ翵ĵڰת׼
ԤУڰתޱȼѣķʱ䣬ľɡ
˵УصĵھתʥҲûаġ
ΪĻۣҲһʼ޷ɡ
ȻδɣʥҪھתʥ׷Ҫվ۷壬ȥһķ羰
Ͻɫҳ׼ʱ򣬾ʱ߲ԶȪͻȻˡһ졣
һƯ߲һԾʥǰԶ³һöƣ߲һβȪ֮С
ţʥüһùöƣʲô£
չصʱһ㲻˴ţһö͹Ƿ˱Ƚϴ顣
֪һɨеݣʥ֮Уһ˿ȵɡ
ֺڿ֣ҲУȡ˽ɫҳΪ壬ѵǡ
ܹڵڿֵˣʮ춼ûмټϴ֣壬ؼʥܶ롣
ֺ⡰֣Īǡ
ʥԾ뵽˵ĲֺĪ
ûôɺϡ
ѡԼԱ߿ֺ֡пҪһϢǾǡˡ

ʥվ˼Ҫô
ʥ˵ʲôоѣֻ̾ǻ塣
еĽɫҳӦǡľ飬ΪҳҲҪȥһ档
ʥ߳ƬС硣

ʱԭһɽ֮УԼһĬĬжɫҳ
ۿɫҳ۾˼ĸÿÿ۾ʹͬͲòͣϢٿʼж
ĶɫҳҪǿľڣȴΪǿ
Ȼ֣ȻԼĶɫҳִ˾֮ĸоȻոһյж꣬ƺҲڱϵ
ֱ־ǣĶɫҳʱԽԽ
ԽжԽǷ֣ʥ䡷дߣͬһ޵ľ
ֻǲ֪Ϊ·ɱ
һµʱ䣬ŽŽɫҳͷβһ顣
Ҳ֪ˣνʥ䡷׼صʲôݡ
˵Ƕʮ취򣬶Ĺɡ
ôʥ䡷Ƕ߱̽Ǳھ
ת֮
֮
ľ
ת֮ʥġתǡʥ䡷Ĳ֮һȻת֮ڡʥ䡷Уһ׸ΪµطǼֱ֮
ǡ֮
Ͳ˼飬һߵܹﵽ㣬ôֻҪţܲϵԼʵܻϰ꣬ôﵽʲô̶ȣֱ
һʯƾõʱԪʯ̥һͷƾõʱ䣬Ҳܻ컯õ̶ɾۣ߳ˡ
֮ת֮ศɣ֮Ҫִ֮˵е꣬Ѿ֪ꡣ
֮Ϊ˴˵
֮𡭡
һݣȻǵãʥʱʥ˵֮꣬ơ
ΪΪħԭħĴڣ걾ʷ˸ı䡣
һвһͷǾǣ굽ǲ֮ꣿ
ҵ֮꣬ܳɹô
աʥ䡷ļأ֮ɣһƵĹڴеĹ꡶ʥ䡷ĴߣҲֻ֮һֶѡ
ʥ䡷ߣͬδܳɾ
ħ䣬ݡ
ǧ磬Զڣο顣
֪Խ֮֮ܿô
лͷʱգҲ֪·˾
⡶ʥ䡷ǾرϧֻһܵõĻҶ⣬ȻܴﵽһµĲΣתĻҪתתתֻҪתٽҵʵߣ
ţ񼤶Ҫ֪ʥʵ൱һ֣ǡתģ
顷͡ʥ䡷Ǿţ⣬һ̽棬һ̽ܶߺһǺε龰


1835 
Ĵɽƣޱߣһ̲ͣ뵡
һƬУţжɫҳ֡
硶ƪǷص޷ġ
ɫҳиȴ֣Щγһƪľġ
ƪģÿһ֣һһԿ⾳жʱоԼʶƺ档
ǹ⣬ȫҫʶ֮У꣬ȫ崺磬ƮƮɡ
·𿴵ǿ֮УǳǺʣЩǳǺӣƺһ޴֮УΪһ֡
屾һ棬Ҳ棬Ӧ
޴Уθ䶯һеתɣӦС
˵顷⣬ôʥ䡷ڡ
ʥ䡷ޡ񡱣ҲޣմɵĿԡΪ壬ںϵ״̬
߾ȫںϣγһѭ
ܹ㣬޳֮Ǿͳأࡣ
ǡʥ䡷صԲ״̬
ʥ䡷Ȼֻжģ궼Ϣĸо
ĶЩģԼľϸ仯š
Ѿ֪ԼеĽɫҳǡʥ䡷ľƪʥ䡷ÿһƪԶĳһƬģһ塣
ĿǰľƪûмκιʽɱеķֻǼ֮Ҳ档
²⣬ʥ䡷ƪ£Ҳʲôɱ֮Ȼˣʥ䡷ȴЩعɱ֮Ĺطµöࡣ
޳ɡʥ䡷оģںΪһԴﵽľأͶ䣬ͨأɾʹԲ
ʥ䡷޳Բٽ顷ʮںΨһͬԲô磬ﵽ״̬һһӡ֤໥ںϣǸôﵽľ磿
ܽϡʥ䡷͡顷ںϣǾ˺һ޵У
ʱһš
ں֮£ľ֮Уֳͫ޾ϸ֣ÿһֶذ壬˫ӿĴУһ۷·Ҫȥ
Χػһ̲ͣıȫÿһëײԾĻţˢꡣ
״̬֪˶ã˫ۡ
ʥ䡷ڡ顷֮£ǵ꣬ʥ䡷ˣȴܸ·ˡ֪ԭΪΣ⡶顷Ӧԭǡ顷ֻǹ·˵š
ţѾ¶ģѰҽɫҳƪ¡
Ҫϡ顷͡ʥ䡷
׳٣ڹȥʱ䣬δ˳Թ
Ҫ롶ʥ䡷ƪ̸ףľƪϿʥ䡷ʮƪˡ
ɵ֧֮Уľ켺ɹˮ
ľƪӦǡʥ䡷ڶƪ
ɽ߳ĿͶ޾ԶȻڱߣͫڷһ˸·ɢһ㣬ɽߡ
ںϽɫҳȫٴ˲˼ı仯ĸ֪˫Ŀۣɿ;
Ҳڳ֮УԵõϢ
Ŀ⿴һΡɽ޾޾ԶĵطһĴ֡

򺣳ǡ
ԭһӴǳأʮ͡͵Ľɣÿ˳̷ﲻ
ԭ棬򺣳Ӵǳػкܶࡣ
ĻߣСĥҪӴĻķȸƷ
дٳҩ͸رפУһĳǳء
дΪԵߣԭ˾ݵ㣬ԷչԼ
ȺУܲ۵˳š
󣬸һŮŴֲ·ͨ
ԭսĺŮֱڣҲ֪֣ΪѾԼˡ
ŮȻǵһ磬Ӵķ֣üһ˿ȸԾҲһ˿ηӣһ˫Ե۾Ĵתţߵĵ̺Щּۻۣǡ
˿ѸĻòһ״󺺣һͲǵӣԼԼɷĿҡڵţͲ±ϳĿ
ͬʱʶˮкأһ̲֪ͣ̽ΧߵĶ
Բڵߵʵ
ǵΪڽ£ѡ򺣳̽ϢܴһԭΪ򺣳ǣ򺣳ǸԲ򣬶ԭķ֮£䳬ǧߣ޷С
򣬵ĻҪ֪ɽľţʮڷڷԼôһϣͻĵȣҲųɾġ
壬ҳȵǿţҲܶࡣ
򺣳һǣӣɫɫĸˡ
顣
ǸŮͻȻһǡú㰡
ͻȻ䣬Ůһ֣ü͵˵ָָΡĳǽϡ
ǳǽһӰʯ¶һˮͰС
˺ڷӡ
˳źŮָķȥɨһۣüͷ΢塣
ĿִӳǳطɨȻֺܶطƵӰʯ涼¶ģ
ЩӰʯ·Ȼһŵ͡
Ȫ׷ֺṩߣɵüƷ꾧ǧö
׷ֺʥҩ꣬Ʒ꾧ǧѰҴ䡣
ȥʮ͸ʾÿһ͸ʾ¶˷Ľ⼫Ʒ꾧ǻ嶥֣ԭУ澫뼫ٵľԴΣƳɵʯ
꾧ֱЧȻҩôڻȻֵ߰
ʱĸʾ£ѾΧ£˺ܶˣһЩոսǲõ˿ĸʾȻ۾Ź⡣
ôߵͣȻǸֻ࣬ṩץηʥôֵǮ
ʥҩ꣬öʲôʱЩ𼶵ıҩôֵǮˣǲṩ׽СӵĻǲǷˣ
м˲˵
ȻǺܿӭ˸˵İۡ
ץˣǸԭսϣɱͬ𣡺ȡ˽ɫҳԭսϣҲһޣԷɱͬ׽ֻһжѡ
˵ģϵĽɫҳܵõǾͲǼö񵤵ļֵܹˡ
֪һЩϢ֮ͨĿɿڴһԼĽʱûȥץİˡ
ֻṩҲпܡ


1836 ɽ
ȺһЩӵһֲ
СƻߣССģһ䱻ǧµĳ֮УԼʩչģ޷ϳ̥Ǿ
Ÿûϳ
ΧȺ۲ΪȻ򺣳һ޴˽Ǳȥ
˽Ǳ춼ûУΡɱصӿ
˽ǽϣһıŹ⻪ˮһĵ
ķ˸⣬ӱϷ绨䣬طǳ
ÿһϣԿִػš
˽򺣳ǵҪĿġ
ԭغ嫣ĻԵҲա
޾ĸȺ֯˴̸ڣ׷ӡ
Ϣ̽ԵøҪо鱨ΪߵĴǶ˰˽
·֪ơ
⵽˰˽֮Уػִ£һۣû˵ֻĿһֱϡ
Ҳûпڣֱߵһ˽£óһҩ
ҩ궴ʱһ鱦ãɹ߳ʹãѾ㹻ˡ
ҩʱִ۾һĨɫҩļƷҩѯϢ֪ҪѯʲôϢ
ʥ䡷ɫҳ˵Եúʱ
ԭ磬ʵйؽɫҳĴ˵Ϣкܶ࣬Ҫ֪÷ѡҪҪõǽɫҳȴǧѡ
ԭսϣҪʮڹѫֵܹһ
ִ³һȻ䣬Ӵ֮ͷųһ͹⻪ס
ûпܣһϢʱֱԺ֮С
Ϣ֮У漰üڽɫҳϢдֺУɫҳ
ϢԼԼĽɫҳô
֮⣬ϢУᵽʥͻۣУҲнɫҳ
Ȼڵı£ЩʥصĽɫҳǲܵˡ
ûκģҵһԼмֵϢǱǡ¡
£
ĸ֣΢΢һ㶡ԭʱ䲻Ȼû˵ѡֻΪбעˣ򺣳ǰ֮ڣŹƵķ԰ȫ
֪µϢ˵
ԣµϢ͡
ִ»ĿڣһϢԺûоܾȫ
֮΢΢ºȻһƬޱĵط
Ƭ£򺣳ʮĶɽϡ
ͱȻγɵġ̨˵̨ɹԵõɫҳ
ɹôɹв죬ɹɵõɫҳ򵥣ʵϣ϶ء
ûһŽɫҳôûá
ִ£ִޱҡͷôɹҲɽĽɫҳѶȼѵҪȥ̨ôÿɽῡ֪ܲȻܳɹѾڻɣɫҳǷڡ
û˳ɹҲûгɹʵʥ츳ӹɣִµĮҡͷȻɫҳͱˣô
ִ˵ţ΢΢Ĭ
ִ˵ڻʣĽɫҳǵ֡ȡߵģûһǶѶȡ
ЩȡߵģѾȡˡ
ʥûдɵġ
΢΢üһŽɫҳҪõô򵥣
Ȼ֪أǻȥһΡ
ɫҳϱ䣬ҪõĻҪʵҪдԵںϲһҳɫҳǻԵʵһЩᣬȻɽˡ
һˣӰһ˸ڵķٷӡ

޾Զĵƽߣ֮ء
һſӴǳ˸
ҫ۶Ŀǳ֮䣬Ӵƥɽӡ
·ɽӵɽ룬Ĺڡ
ÿУغ嫵Ϣ뵳
˿һĻ϶ᾪȳЩϢӴƥ·ÿһһڡ
һ죬ɽĹһȺˣлмߣվš
⼸ߣȫϢȴһۿǵʵɲ⡣
⼸֮УȻĳϡһЩ֪ߣÿдϵʵ
ħҲЩ֮С
ֺ
һޱϲ·°ϵ
ħҲֻǹľĶ󣬱Ƭɽˡ
ϵĽɫҳĹע
ϡΪȡһȥ˽ɫҳɱŰһ֪ȥ˺ηԣСټҳ
СùϢ
¡¡ֱǧɽ֮ϣ쵴
һƮٿɽ޾ԶϿա˴Сϴ
ãɽϵǳŹ
ÿһƹâ·ԶձƵġ
°ÿһ֣ǳǰҫ۷ģ
ȻԳ棬Ͼ硣
⣬Զʮ硭
˲һ󼤶Ǵʩչϴ󷨣һϢ޾䡣

˺Хһɽ塢һϿ̤ʵصʱһƬĵط
վһɽϣʯᾣĺХһ̲ͣĴߴ
ǰȻɽһԨףͺͺһƬûκε
ǾɫΨһɫ
ңԶĵƽϣһɽӡ
ɽĹߵУ˸ǵĹ⡣
Ŀ䣬һۿЩǵĹâȻһ̨
ÿһ̨ص
ͷһһ˸ֱɽһɽ±ϡ
Ƕɽˡ
ÿ˽ĵͼ򣬶֪ɽˡ
Ϊ̫ܵǿϢ
ź;ܵϢ
ɽһŽɫҳֻҪɹȡߣ֪жˣײ
Ϊ޶ǧϵ߲ܵˣʶΪŵľۼأľӣȻĻᡣ
˿ȥ֮±Ѿۼ˳ɰǧˡ
ڵԨبǰɽͽµɽУ̨ϣԿ̨ˣĿ˼
ԨĵطɿԿϡӰ


1837 ʯ
˽࡭
վϣ֪һɨʶ˲ٶ˼š
Ǹ֣̫Ļ磬ľĿȻҲ˵౶
ô˽ܾۼһ𣬳漫Ϊ׳ۣ
ˣһʮ꣬ʮ꣬Щˣɴڶɽ˳ˡ
ڶɽһѡΪķΪңûмߵԣ޷˳Щ
壬ǿҲʥ嶼Ҫǿ󡭡
òϣʵ̫ˡ
ΪܹչĹģ¸ԭѲĹϵһ̺޷ƸĴбأⷽĪ
ֻǲ֪ĳ̶ֳϣǿȼʥ壬ǵʲôأ
ţûԵ޹ʵǿҲûԵ޹ʵ˥ܡ
ʥɻԻͣȻԭ
ಡ
·ԨﲻӰ¡
ˣһɫоɥ֮⣬ƣޱȡ
һЩȺϵˣϵӿϣӭȥ
Ѫõĸǻľ콾ĹòѾһǧٶˣû뵽ڻأ
з˶
Ȼ˵Ĺ޶ǧʵģһǧµģǧľţ̨ϳԹ˲֪ٴΣûбҪ˷ʱ䣬ϾڶɽЧܲ
ţǲǽյСյеľ콾һܣ
̾˽ܱصĶɽСţҲ
죬һ콾
һЩ˽Щ̨ľ
µ̨ͣ͸֧Ϣ
ôӶʧܣȻȴûʲôûϧʲôΪ飡
ʵϣͷٴ츳ϵ£˫Ҳų̂ʲô
ǲܵ飡
ʥ궼ˣ򵽣ǲǿЦô
ʥʲôˣûκһһˣʵ򡢹Уܼ
ﶼʧˣ滳ġǲΪ̫ԶѾʧˡ
˷Ļɣʵϣܶ綼뷨ˡ
ﵱ꣬˶ã
˷߷Ȼ˵ʱһ״ͻȻչʵ״󺺱̥Ǿģ˻ߵľ֮Ǹֲݡ
ܶ˰һۣ˽ܣٶȵ˼£ȫԽٶȵʱǧʱ򣬿ȥҲᡣ
ǰʵ˲ҹάڷ￴ǶΪġ
ˣɽ֣
˵壬ľͱˣɽͺܼˡ
ǸĹ䣬̥ǾЧ̫ʵˡ
Ҳ㿴֪ﵱãһοѯʣһ㣬ܹؼ
ʥʱ̵ܶĻϣһЩʥʮ궼ûɹо̫ˣɺĲʱ䡣
ܶ˲⣬ʱһ꿪ڵһһʱ࣬һʱ٣һУһʮΣ꺣
׼ȷ˵֣ν꺣ȴʲô˼
ڰ˽֮УֻѯʽɫҳϢûѯʶɽľ
һֻ꣬ԷݣһǴ˽ܣҳɾͲ͡
һ츳˰ҢģĵӰҢȻʲôҲʲô˶ܳԽġ
ʥȻ̾һ͵꺣Щʮ궼δܵšʥôȥҲ͸أ
ܶ˲֪ʥľ׷ѯʡ
˵꺣ֻ𲽣ѶȲ󣬼ԼҲûаģʱ䱦̫Ҫ
˵İʥƺΪ˽⣬̲סѯʣô֪ô׶Ƶġ
ȻȻұǻʥس֪ܲݣ
һ˵һһųʯͶˮУһʱ䣬˶˹Щ¡
Ҳһ¡
꾹ȻʥڵĻʥسһۼʥ
Ҽǵˣǻʥصĺĵʯ
˵϶˰ݣһʱ䣬ܶͶĽĿ⣬ԷȻʥڵʥأ˿ܣɾͲ
ʦ֣ôģ
ʦûм֣ս龰ôӣ
ܶ˷׷ѯʯЩЩʥԻԣǺʵȫŮ
壬֪ж˳ʥǷĵľĽЩῡܣȻʥĽ£ȴ㲻뷨ʵʥʥ˲¡
ʯƺҲʥĳߣ΢ԽУʼ˽ʥľ
ۿ²Ľûʱе̲סʵĶ
Ҫʥ֪ţи
ԼĻͻȻ˴ϣʯüͷ΢壬һʻˣһ֣״󺺡
ʯԼݣҶԱ˵ĳҲΪ޵˶ԣǰ⸱٣øɱȻκκøС
ټԼĻӡ־͸ˣʥ˳ݣʯӦ
ʲôĪǻȥ
ԼִֵֺĴӣٺЦֻǺڵضѣλС粻᲻֪ɡ
ߣȻ֪ģ㲻ؼңڸҲ޷ڻʥرչɡתתҼɣⲢʲôܡ䣬㻹ˣҲûá
ʯеĲ죬Ȼ⣬΢΢ľǣʥҪġתתˣһʵʻһ
֪ﵽ־磿
йԼʥǰܹóĵƣòϣԼ̸Уʵռ̫ơ
ΪˣԸı䡣
֮󣬻ԭ棿
һοˣʯĵȻԭ棬ǻ֮أ㲻ҪָȥĵطĪ˵㣬ңҲȥ˵ģ
ûʯ̬ȣʵ֪֮ǰ̨˵ģ꺣ô£
ʳһʣⲻʯüʥƽµĳǣҲֱۡ
˵ķϻ̫ˡ
ʯ˵ȻҶɽģ˵ֻʶһ£Ҳô֮ǰŪһЩʶɣ̨Ͽл꺣ӡǣԽܵĻ꺣ӡǾԽ࣬ȫɹˣҲֻǴ˵е飬ҲֻϹʱ˳ɹ


1838 ̨
ʯ򵥵Ľ̸Уνġ˺ܶ˽⡣
ʯڵߣȻЩȴȻ˵ôʲô˽ܣֵģֺγأʮЦٲҲûʲô˼
ɽˣֻʶһ´˵е̨ĶԼ
ȻЩˣջģȴҲֻʧѡ
ۿµ̨ȥЩֻǵ٩˼䣬Ͷٹˡ
ÿɽ˲֪ж١
ҲǾ˽ܣҲǷӣֻĹͣʲôû¡
̤Уӭ洵ɽ磬ŵ־ˬĸо
Щ֮£ĸʵ̨
Щ̨ʯ죬ķǷ
ֻ̨߼ȴǧɸߣǵһʯ֮ϣ·һֱأͬϸͼ
ܿͿ̨֮ϣʯĻ꺣ӡǣһƬƬƣӡʯ֮ϣʮ
ЩƣеѾ̨ߵɼ
ʱ̨Ȼ࣬߸࣬ÿһ̨ˡ
ĵȴҲûäĿĵȣǽ֪ɢȥѰЩϢЩҵߡ
ˣûжˣҲһ̾ͻ뿪
ע⵽һŮӣͷһСǣ֪һ壬ΪֻлڣСǱȵμһıû̫ࡣ
Щ̨ܲԻ͸֧
ۼֿ죬ӰһռסŮǫ́Ϊ׳˶һ߼̨һˡ
ʱȺʱֱۡ
㡭
Ůһֵ״һƨԼոµϣŮ΢졣
ôˣԼִֺڵĺӡ
Ů˵ʲôֻգ˶ţɽ¡
ʼ̨ҪԣҲҪϾѾ̫˳ɹ˻ɣνġѾı䡣
Ҳ棬ģʲô
Ŷݼ׿ţԣĿŷͬһ㣬Ե൱¡
ټ·ޡ顷Է޷ģĳþУﵽ˷˵ľء
ͬʱʱ״̬ȫſգںϣһĳչϡ̵֦Ҷ
ɵ֮Уƽһڹž
״̬ʼ̨ϵķ
̨ʯԭӡ̵ķģĻ꺣оԼƺһҶۣڷĺУһһƯɡ
̨ϵķ롶ʥ䡷֮ͨȴĲͬ
۽ͬһ㣬ͬʱʥ䡷͡顷ɽ̨ϵķ롶ʥ䡷һС
ϢڤڤڵĽɫҳ໥Ӧҳ⣬˴˵ӡ
ΪԷһѾɫҳԼ磬Ը֪ҳ֮УγһĹ
һ죬֣ȻɽʺɫҳĻȴкô
ģľƪɫҳԽԽ̣֮оԼĻ꺣ƺʲôΪĻ꺣һ˿ı䣬šꡱһ죬̨ϣһĨҫԡ
̨ϵĻ꺣ӡǡ
ڣˡ
šнչˣôĹ⣬ټ
ɽÿ궼в̨֪ϵĻ꺣ӡǸʲôǵ꺣ӡ֮ǿģȴΪټ
Խǿ֤ԽףǱҲ
ʱ̨Ĺ⣬Ȼֻǵһ꺣ģȴĸ꺣̨Ĺ⻹Ҫǿ
˭ô
ܶ˿̨ϵߣӺ󣬺ܶ˶¶Ź֮ɫ
Ȼ
ʥسʯҲ̨ǸݺֻоԼ·һӬ
˭֣ǡô
ʲô˽ܣҲСˣ˻ԸߣʲôЦ
ʯ̨ϣƨɸסȴǿĻ꺣ӡǣٶԱԼǰâĻ꺣ӡǣʯֻоԼͷϷ·һֻѻɹ
ôܣһﳤģǿ֮ǰҵ꺣ʲô˼ǵһɽƵģװİɡ
ʯΪ֮ᣬǵһɽ
ܿ춨ȴ弶ﳬʱܲˬ
С㡭
ˡ
ͷϳһСǵŮС΢΢Щ̨ģʱâܰƨ棬ȴһķ⡣
ѵԸߵ͸òǳɷȵģô죬ȴộôɰŮһ죬ûȥˣѾϢ죬ظˣս
һ꺣һССķ粨˺ܿ㲻ٹע̵ȻټټҲǾôв˳ɾ͸ģһʧˣҲԶ
ɽ̨򵥡
ܶȻΪ֮ǰӦѾɽˣ͵һ꺣Ҵﵽֳɾͣš
Ǻܿɵˡ
ֹʮ죬ɽһ֮µ̨һ꺣ӡǱųĿ⡣
ǵڶ꺣оԼľ֮·𱻷ֲˣĻҲеõ˲Сĺô
ȻֺôҲΪĳɹΪԶһܱ⡣


1839 й¶
ɵУ̨ҫƻԹ⣬ڵεУׯϣͬŷ붨
ǻͻƣԱ
ϣֱܶˡ
òĴӣȻ
һԲǵһ֮ǰѾ˺ܶˡ
ƶ˵
ǼܶΣҲܶΣܹĳ̶ȣҲͬһ㣬塣
Ϊܶʮ꣬Ҳ˵ĵ꺣ÿһ꺣ӡǵ⣬ȴȫȲ
ǵĻ꺣ӡǸıө¡
ߵ磬ȭͷһУܶ˶С
ȺУʯͫĵġԼˣӿĪĻɣ򵽺棬ܻģҾͲţһ·߸衣
ʥĹ⣬ҪǿҲֹ꺣ٱȥˡ
ʯЩʹ죬Ϊǵڼȥһ㣬ʵ
Ϊʵʯܡ
ʯʵû
ʮʱܵѶȡ
̨ϵ·ûûбϵ򵥡
ģ̨ϵ·ɢصϡ
ÿһ··ĪʧС
оԼվһƬޱȹԹ֮УԱ巽
Թĵ·ۣǽɽ߼ʣޱߵ֣ɭȻɢĪĿɲϢļ¡
ǰ纣ķһĪС
ʱѪĽɫᣬЩѾּȻɢâڤڤе
ǿ۵Թÿһξ룬ҫһɽ⡣
Ľ⣬Թطεڳ֡
飬ǽɫâһ·߹ȥ
磬ҲʼҡϵӨӨԷ·̨ҡҷ
һˡ
ѵ֧š
ֹȥʮ죬Ѿʥһ졣
һһʮһ죬һһʮ졣
һһʮʱµ̨һҫ۵ĹâҰ
꺣
һͬʱҲü
ٶȣѾʥˡ
ʵ֮е顣
ʥĶʥ䡷ڽɫҳϵ裬һС顷ҲվϳԽʥ
оԼҪɽ͸õɫҳѾء
ֲð˽ҪڶɽȡɫҳܡЩʱɽһʧܡ
и̾Լȡõĳɼȫ⡣
ȻʱΧ֪ʱ뷨Ҫһͷײˡ
꺣ȻҲųǿҵ⣡
꺣û⣬϶ɽˣҲѾģ꺣֡
Ǿ㵵ǣȻõ꺣ĺۼų˳ҵĹâĪ
ǲ˼Ŀô˶Ǵš
һЩ˼Ҫضˣ˶Լǿָоͬһʥҩһ㡣
˿αװģҲĸɵĶšܹһ϶ʲô֮
ʯӰĬĬ˵
˶ݡһЩ̨Ĺ콾ҲоΡ
ڻҪǷĵ̣ԼԻ߷Щ߷򣬶ǾܴУͨߣܻӴĵ̡ۣ
֪׳ôĴô
ͷϳŽǵŮðͷоѽܡ
ʱͲ²⣬š
ѪĽɫᣬһЩûּǳɢ⣬˸ԣǻϲ衣
Ըоϣٴεõ˼档
Ȼô࣬ȴΪεõɫҳࡣ
ʱԺУͻȻһӵ
ιιιղšЩúŪ˰
ͻһԭսĺŮ
һֱΧû˷ֹ
ʱͻȻ϶ղŵ
סˣõ꺣ӡųǿҹâɹȻˣ
ˣ
æʵ֪Ůһ㣬ȴû뵽̨ܿ
ںŮδڻشʱͻȻɫȻһ䣬ͻȻŰ
һ̧ͷա
ʲô
¡¡
ƺ
ڱա
ֱʣľǷ׷̧ͷȥȻ֪ʲô
ʱˢһ죬·գУǦɫ˺ѿ
ɵĹâ۳˹ĺ󣬺׵ĳ֡
âǵأڣÿһϡ
ÿһɹâƺ޵Զţ·Ķյ͸
һɺ嫰ɢļ¡
âҫ£߶ֻľսֻڹâСһҪĤݵĸо
⡢٣ʮ졭
ϣ纣ĹâֵģвԹŵ
һ֣Ĺۣϲϵǻ

棡ĸ֪ôήٵ
иʦΰݹɽ֮ӣֻ߸ɴɽĵӣȻͨһ¹̨ϡ
ʲô֪ڴ
⾹Ȼĸ֪
ϣ̨ϵˣ֪عԵ֮Ҳ˹򵹣ĵĶĤݡ
ǿ֮һֵһݡ

Ծʲôô
ţ²ƺҲµߡ
ЩܵķӦ
𣬶ˣʱԭսͻħ֣ῡȻ£ֱӹ򵹡
񣬾Ȼܹ֪͸ɽôܣ
Ѿǿ̶ֳô޷ɽȴø֪Ӱ
һɲԤУ֪٣Ȼ³ѵǡ
оԼıѾ߳亹ò׷Լɣ
Ժиոͷֻһ⣬ˢһк˲Ϣϡ
عֵȴ׻ͷ·ʯʶ
ҿǿ󣬷֪֣Լʶܱ

Ѿв²⣬ټԶ꺣ĳѾԿ϶øֵ֪ˣȷʵ񣬶ǣƺǳԼģ
һɲǣ֫䣬׹ѣ
һԼ
⡣
͵һоǹԵ£Ӳһӡ
ӡӰ£̥ѩڣݡ
¶˱Ŀ


1840 Χ
ı仯ʵ̫ˣΪôֵ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊ콵ۡ
ǸӴô
Ծµ̨꺣ӡǣҹâȱ˶ǿöࡣ
λãܶ˼ǵãۿòϵķ仯ЩĿࡣ
ô£
ԭͲϣǸ꣡
òҲαװġ
ͷϳŽǵŮۿһ壬һ˫籦ʯǷӢ̲꣬סС΢ţǰķҲ̫ˡ
Ϊʲôαװòʲôô
ܶӹͷȻܿ죬˾ʶʲô
˺찡
Һ򺣳ǵϼ

˾ɽĴߣΪѾãûôȥʶûš
˭ô£Ϊʲô
ɽйƵĹǿֻǸ֪ˣҲҪһЩ۵ģ˴ĵģֻΪѰһС
ԭսɱͬ𣡶һɱ֪ٽʹռʮڹѫһ˽ɫҳ
внɫҳгԽҩΪĵر
ڱܻͣɱһԵ
ܿ죬Χ˵֣һ˵ڳܶڶɽ̫õţһȻôͣ
ô׷ɱ޹Ҫαװòˡ
֮ǰܽ꺣ӡǣҲԽˡ
ʯɫһһףòţǵһԭսһɱֱͬĪ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶Χ£
ǶѾ֪򺣳Ϊ͡
վ̨ϵɫѾȫĸ֪ǣɴҲٳαװֱӳֽеķѪǹ
Ȼܹһ̶ϹԭĹѾǿ־ô
ϸ룬ȷʵѾΥع
ʮ̾Ϣڣֻߣԭ֮ʩչͨ
Ͼ񣬱·ˣСʥ䡷ߣҲֻǵһѡ
ԭ
һһ죬˰γ˽
ڴ󣬻˲ϵĳסܷ
һʱ䣬ʸ֮ġ
ܶ˶ֻǿôĻУѾҵ·
ǽɫҳסˡ
ǰɣǸԩ޳𣬵̫࣬رƥﻳĵӦöԹˣҪֻ֣ܹЩ
ʱվ˳򣬳ƷΧ£
еȫǷɽ
ܡ
˳Ծܣ󣬺ųƷʥذڵһڶɽҲѾ˵꺣
ֵĻսǻᷭӣ
ԭͣƺֻҪṩ٣㱻˳ṩѾûˣֻ֣ܶƷˣ侮ʯ
еϴЦһгֱնȥ
Ҳ侮ʯҹ
һǽžžı죬ϢһɲǱˣͬŭĴ󺣣޾ĺ
¡
һ죬гǹƲ񷣬ѤƥǹâӴ䣬صϴ
磡
ܷӦΪһֿ֣ͬĹȻֻһ죬ǹâڽľ𶯣ռ顣
ִĽâɲǼͬһ飬ͬâϹעĻԪҲȫĨȥˡ
˾һ弱ٷȥ׵ϴ󣬾ǡۡ³һѪֱԶ
ʲô
ǾˣܣȻһͰˣ
ţû
кһһֱ̤׷ܶȥгǹɨи񷣬˵оһˣֱӱѪǹһնΣѪȾ쳤ա

ܵˣ۾ˣȻǲĶ֡
Ųռڽʧȥ壬˲Ƶ˸ǰǹ䡣
ۣۣ
죬ˣȫࡣ
ܣôɱˣ˼ҵսͲҵǵܵһĴˣҪһʱָܻ
ɱˣ治ɫĲֻұۺͷѪǹϣѾմѪ
ɱ
ӣ̲סѿ˵ĳƺš
ʵ̫ǿˣǱɱһɱˡ
£
ܶ˵һʱ䲻ǰ
Ȼô˵Χ£ǳ飬˭һȥ
עɱԵ
һʱ䣬Щԭ뷨ǣֹס˲ӣʼ۲졣
ʱ򣬸߿ϣͻȻŭ
ҵˣ
ԭսɱǾ֮Ѫծ
ԭսҵľ类ѹƣɱԭ棬ƽһսұɱѩޣ
Уŭ
ţ
ͷһȻ͸оɾǿϢ١
̧ͷһȻǺĹԵУӰӰ´µĳˡ
ЩˣԼģƺԭɽԶõϢôٵִ
Щ˵УȻԭսɱûôʱΪѹơԭ棬Ϊھ粻ѹƵ£ɱѩܡ
ǡȻ֡˫Ŀ֮УɱŷôûϵԼȻȳ£ֱץס٣̫СƻӢˣȫ˽⾳ˡ


1841 ս
ԽԽ࣬ѾʮŮһȫâ䣬Ȼʵ
Щ˶ûгͨľ磬Ӧ˵ͨ޼
ǧܳɽģ˽е˽ܡ
ǧܳɴģǾ͸Ǿˣɾûʲô⣬⣬ɳһݼСϣ
ˣ綼࣬ҾУֽ׶ҲδδǧĴʱڣʶЩΧɱĴһʱҲҳһǧĴ
ԭɱ㣬֮ʵ磬Ҳ֮أ
׹⡣
һȺˣΧ£
Ŀ׼ͿķƣȻһȺɱҲη塣
ֻǣǸбԼмɵ
Ҫɱңݼѱ¶ڲʵȫ˵ֱ񷡣
޷ԶѪǹ·Ѫ޾ѹɽڶҫѪһƬɢɲѪ
ڵɱңңЩվŵӰ
ˣԭսбϮɱ塢ȪˣҲΪ˽ɫҳΪͣȵԭӽߡ
ô˽ܣȫӡ֣ߵﶼǺڰе⣬޿ɱܡһսɱأ
ʱһŮӴ̤ȺΪȻͨ
һĽǰǱɱķݣͬĹֻһǧ꣬дԵһʱ򣬱ɾĻһ˿ãϣ
Ҳ˵ԵģһٵѷɫȴûѷɫٵĶ֣
ԴɽǴµ֮һշʦ֮ǰȡ
ŮĮɭвκθ顣
Χ̨ϵϢɽӣ
ڻ棬Ǵ˵еĴڣߵĪ֮У
ǲʶŮӣǺŮӵĿ£
¶ʦ㣬ССӻһǹ󣡳֮⣬߷һǿ󵽲˼ĳ̶ȡ
ڰŮߣѵζĵһһ˵
ԣ
Ů䣬˫֣ʮָ֮䣬һмΧȻ¾罵
ˣ
ֲĺɲǼ䱬ʯľһ㺮˪̹ǡ
ԲʮڵĴƬƬɽҶѣ¡䡣
ֲס
̨һЩĸţ䣬֪Ǿǿߵһ׷״̨Ϸæ
Ѿ޴ɶ㣬ɱԴ𣬳ǹɢƹԣһյĻҽ籡Я޾ٻǱȥ
ϣֱЯ⣬ǰƬıѩû
ײϯķŰ
ɽվŵһЩ콾ū׵УЩ˶ֱӱϯȥҽȻֱֹӱ⽴
һײƾУ
ŮüڸղŵĹУܵǿһµĶ֡
ߣɲǻᱻѹƾԭս΢࣬Ϊӳ죡
һǿߣɭɭħڰж֡
ԻȪȻҲǽȴڽǧʱǿͻƣҲǳ츳ʵȺ¶˺ܶࡣ
ûӰӰ´µȺóһѪɫƿӣ㵹ĺѪ
ѪΪѪӣϣ
ѪӵгһſɭȻħͷͬɽ٣ͷųħħʴ˴ƬƬĿհףֲ
ǼΪײпֲķ˶ԶԶ˱ܣΨմȾκһѪ⡣
̨ϸ콾˳±ѪմȾϣٲ
ɨһǺѪоѪɫƿӹ죬֮ǰĺȴ˺ܶ࣬˫ĿһһڵĳǹУɢçۻϢǰǹ
ںܶ˽ϸ˶ΪΪҪʡѡ÷ѪǹԵеʱȻȻ˰ǹʼδ
ݣ
ǹâа֮УϸСЯ޾⣬ûǵɰ
ÿһɳޱߵ׹⣬ͬǳ¡¡ѪӺħͷѹȥ
ضʱããһƬ׹ڣء
Ѫɫƿӵߣ׵У˲䱻׹û

ֲıը׹һֽУһѪڿն𣬶׹⡣
ͷųѪӺħͷԱ׵û飬еѪɫƿӶѿһڶڡ
׹˸ӿڷ˺ѿֹѪɫƿӻָüĴһɳǶ¡죬Ѫ겻ϿѪȻѪˡ
վЩˣ޲ȻѪһţȻһͱشˡ
һǹ׽ˣʱһɭıǽסѹֵǺ¶

һ٣Ժ¶гǹлֱ˷Ѫǹ
꣡
Ѫǹǹâһ磬޻ڵĴڱǽϣǹâ䣬ĺըѣɢ׷ɣ
һĻ΢΢һ㵣Ȼǹϵл
׹
ûжʱðǹֱӻɱش¶İգʶԷѪǹԵУʡ
ԸһЩʵȴȫȲ¶ߣŻʹðǹȡһоöԷʧȥս
ʮָһָ൱
ô˵ΧʡÿһһµĶ֡
̨ϵЩ߾̾ǿĴ㡣
ʱԽԽˣ֡
ûе˼ѡһϣ
ۿʣͫһĹâ屩˿
̫ˣ֮ԽԽ˸ǲܾͻΧɫҳҲᱻߣ
Ⱥˣüͷ塣
ʡʱ䣡
飡
һ߳Ѫ֣Я޾ͬЯϵİϢΪһӰǸһȥ
һţڽľ߳
һû뵽ǽֿ
ǻǽֱӱһ飬ҲУԼ죬ͷ飬Ѫɵˡ
Щ˶ǳѾõ콾ʥ۷ʵǰȴ޷֮
ֲ̫࣬
һһ˹һϣ깥棡󺰣Щɵûǰ
ʱɱһУʲô񣬶ǴҪġ
Ǹ߰ĺ¶Ҳûоܾ֣Ϊ֪޷Ʒ
дĿڣʦ


1842 ɱ
ʮӰಣһȥ
޾Ĺ⻪˸ϣɽѹ˺աֻ귨ǵȥ
Щ귨֮У̺˹ľ񹥻
ɫأսǷҲƥǿôһȺ۷ߣҲѹ
Щ˵ʥ۷壬ͨ
ͨ൱ڴˡ
â֯ϣ۳ɿռ䣬Կɱ
ȭͷ˿ΧȴзԮȻԽԽࡣ
һץڵĴУǹٴγ֣īɢɷ
һΣޱĽԪעǹϣһǹڹն

һɳƵ춯Ѫŷ
۳˹ϵͣ
ڵͫкɳķɺɫϢѪ
ϸƬɵװȫɷ졣
Ѿޱľ֮Ѫ
˲ϢαҲű
ŵŵɣżн̤վȻƵѿ
ǰ𣬰ǹ޾ĺڹ⣬䵽ϵĻ귨һһ顣
ַѪǹְǹֱӳǸոձˣѪɫƿӵѪꡣ
Ҫ
Ѫϥգͷӿڻĥͷϵǵɳ׹⣬Ȼǰɫŵɷס
ԱҲ벽ߣĴ㡣
ֺ¡ֱץȥ
ͷҲأѪǹհҫ۹âˢһ½Ǵֶ
һȭһûǹߣ벽ͷ­һѪͬȪһ
ʱ򣬺¶˸âͬһ࣬һָ¡
һָͬʱȫᣬ·һ嫵ĺӣӿ

Ѿ֮ѪͬαѾ¶Ҳ޷ֵ

ֲıը޾ȫܱ飬¶ϵĺսףҲȫ顣
¶һ屩˳ȥؿѪ졣
ʲô
¶ľȻǿԭΪֻǿԼû뵽֮ʵԱ
ʱ򣬺¶ĿԲ˼ĽǶѪꡣ
ѪΪѾã԰ǹ궼ڲëֱٺˣѪɫƿӭ籩ǣǰǹȥ
ⶫһɷķʦʮ꣬ĻԹǿ
ķȻ˲䱻ǹˣ򾫻꣬Ȼһ±ǹһա
ಡ
ոܳɵĻȪѪ꣬˲Ϣ䱻ǹֵĿ⵱УѪǹȫɣΪһƤҺǣƮ䡣
һǹѪ꣬ɱһţʯ顣
Ȼһ˲䣬Ҳܵ˵Ĺ
ϾΧ
ȻԺɿռ䵲ס˴вٻ귨䵽ϣȫԼ֮Ѫĳǿܣ
ȻһĻЩɱ˵УȴǸоëȻ
ôһ£ȻѰĽᱻشȴûˣ
һСǶܻȻѪûһڡɱ˻ȪĽ
⣬˴˶һۣǶо׺ȻΣ壬ܿΣڵ
ڻĸλͬ˽ԭսñֶϮɱұˡŭֽҳλͬޣһɱսģ嶼Ը޶һ
ԶԶվս֮İȫλãڴԶ
ڻĸ콾֪
ȻЩ˵ƽˮƽȻϲЩϮɱߣжȻһЩ콾Ⱥ֮УΪ֪
ǣһɿɹ۵
ĻȥһЩ˲ԸⱻЩǹʹĬĬ˿ˡ
һЩ˶һٶʱ꺣ӡǣҹâʢм֮ģټǸ࣬иǿؽĶˡ
ǴͷȻ֡
̨߿ˣѾϵ⣬ֻǶ˵㡣
ɱһ֣Ȫ˸ߺ
ֻҪɱԭ棬ôҲȿռ룬ʱôʩչ󷨣һҳǸʱŰɱˣ
ԶսȦ֮к
ʱҿô
ĿĻһݣֶѾʶһΣɣ
ԭս䣬Ͳʧɫҳˣ
˵ףΣҲΪ˽ֶΡ
ʱ򣬻Ȫȳˣ޾ĹӰڱգ
ֻಡ̨ҲӰе⻪䣬ء
Ҫɱң
˫ĿѪ죬ڹ䣬ǹнһڵĹ֡
ڵĹвЯŹϵĻڶһɢ֮
ʮոշ߶ֱӱǺڶɣжʱѪ⡣
Ѫȳ졣
Щˣ˼ҵɱԭ֮⣬ǵ궼˺С
Ȼͬʱһ֮Ҳ˵Ĺ
̫ˣԭΧ˻࣡
Щ˵Ϊѹƣкܶ˵Ϊߡ
䡣
Щ˶˽ܣͬһ㣬ǳ£˴ɱУǿôΧҲѪӿҲѡ
һ˿Ѫۼ׷϶
ұ붯վм䱻Χ
ԺͷȻعͷٴα޾ĿɨȺո͵ϮԼĻߡ
ʹǿʼ
һ̤գٶȿ쵽˼¡
תռ䷨˲ϢЩ͵ϮߵǰһʧȥĿꡣ
Сģ
˾Ȼˣ
ǹɨֲɱ͵ϮߵԴֱӱ򱬣Խ䣡
˲ҵʽһ󵨺ôԴ򱬣֮ȻشǵıҪ۵СһأϾƷҩָ
ɱ
УлȪ˳ˣ
ǶУȻӰ˲ʧ߲Զ̨ϵĶֵļȴֱӱȪ߷ĹӰˣ춯صĲҽС
ɵζɲܣҶ˺ͬ
⣡
ֵˣһʱ㵣ǾȻɱԼˡ
Ǵ㵵һɲǣȻǰĿаǹͬһ£
Ѫš


1843 
ۣ
ͬ񣬲ϵոҵɱߣȫԴѣ֮
˺ɱ˷ڳ߷׷׵
ԭ棬ɱҲḶĴۡ
ݣ
ǵǹ⣬ע֮Уžžı죬ң
ļ֮£˸׷գԼˡ
ס
Ⱥһ
ʱһ칬Ʒ꣬淭һס
׺죬һɢĻ⣬ת˲һֻʣɽ޴󣬺׵ޡ
ԶԶȥһֻ޴ѣǵëˮͰ˸⣬ͷй׾ĻģأɢĪƣſһΧĻ϶౻һա
ţޣ
ϳޣ˵Уһǳľ꣬ǳΪǡ
ǰֻޣδʱ򣬱ɱľ꣬˹ϵĹ֮У˷
һ׼ų޵ľ꣬һУԼ˿ᱻȥ
ƽõ׵Ļ״ӣ᲻óʹãΪһΣ޾ͻᱻһΣ󳹵׷
һΣֻóˡ
¶ʦã֣һؽססΣɱˣƷ꣬Ժ¶˵
¶üͷ΢Ϊ콾ӣôϣȴһɱķдܸУڣѡֻЩһϡ
ͬȡһƬƵĻ
Ǵޱڤϰ䣬Я⣬־ʦֵĻ
һ֣ɢı˪ΧĿɢǲı졣
ڹϵĻӿУӭ籩ǡ
ıģѸٽǱͷųΧһƬضᣬγǧɵıѩ
ѩͬ˶һ
ź¶ϵĴ߶ۣǶıѩϣֲµıģ
ţ
Χռ䱻Ѹٶᣬüͷ壬ٶȣѾ첻ˣʱ򣬶ɺ˫ͫޱ߹âѶ
ֲȫٶٽ
䣡
棬һɹص⻪ϱ
޵գٶȽ޷ӣǵΧ֮¡
칬ǻƷ꣬һ֣
¶ı磬ûס˵Ĺһʱ䣬֣ɫâգ
һ˵Բʲôô˵ĹһȴԺǳ
ˣ
ڱ֮⣬ǷЦݣķǿҲ޷ӲĿסôֲĹ
ɲǣһĪ嫵Ϣӱӿ
Ϣ͸ŹܣԨ纣ɺɫһƬ
Χ£ǱԱߵĻţоϢ֮Īһܷ
¶һ˿ݣŵۻҵǹâϵĺҲڲϵ֤ı˿ֲĳ
ǣ
֮ϣƣ鿪
䣡
еһͬըڱ룬վλãһʣ׵ʿӰƶɽľ֡
ÿһתսУ׾ķǳ˸һǺɫ⣬ĸо
ھ棬ոջһڱһѹԡԵ졣ÿһѹĻѸϨһ˥ȥ
Ǻɫ֣ħԪ̵ֻĵӡ
ʯµȿռ䣬Ǻӹս·˸ǻһսջ
䣬ħٴߡ
ħ֣ܹѹһлħ˵ħ֮⣬Ըľǿֶ֮һ
䣡
йâọ̈̄Ҳȫɡ
Ȼ̱Ҳ˾޴ĳ
ȫѪܱ𣬾͹ԣ
ܲסģ̫Ϣڼ
Ǹ˺ǹȻҲĴԪ
Ⱥ֮У˸ߺǴ󺰵ͬʱȴԸӣ̫ˣȻΧ£Ҳ֧
ݣݣݣ
˳ˣ̨ԭսߣ˹Ķ飬ԭɱ±꼰㣬ûг֣ڿΧƺ¶Ǳѹյһݡ
ֵԽԽ࣬ʸ֮ġ
ϣԶ侮ʯ֮ˣοԭ壬ĳɾͣЩżʺۺ졣
Ǽñ˺ãڶԷѣнõʱǲһš
䣡
ֲıըӰеľ̳һ˿ƣǣҲѪ
˫ĿѪ죬ȫɱ¡
ߵıһŲͬѪҺȺԽǹâҫۣԽױΪУ
ٺ٣ɣ
Ҳˣ֮ǰһֱս֮İȫλãۿѾǿ֮ĩżӽһ־ȫԸķҲҪǮƵ˳Ҫը顣
Уɱ⡣
ಣಣ
磬ȻӰ
Ӱٶȿ쵽˼£һӰ̨侮ʯǣһӰ
Сģ
˾Ȼˣ
̨ӰǻȪ̥Ķͬȣʮ̨ϵţ˲꺣
ͬʱԪʯ̥ĺҲ嵽ǰ
ŭ𣬡Ϊһκô
ֽгһؽźɱȥڽ֮У̺깥
䣡
µײǧ꣬Ѿ᲻ɴݣǱǿ깥Ҳ޷˵Ϊʶ֮У·˵ɱ
ۣ
Ѫɳȥֻһ棬Ͱˣ
һ޷⣬̫ˣ
׷ʹͬһĴɱ֣ӳս󣬸·ߣӶɱֺбɱ֮ˣͳͳͷ
һʱ䣬ѪȾ졣
ȻʱҲĵ£Ӱе̣ڳױˣ
شѪ
ؿڣѾѪģ߹ǴĶѣ𣬾ϣޱȵĲҡ
ǿҲܲסô˵Χ
ˡ
˵Ȼ䣬ֻһҽдǱ̴֣ࡣ
ޱȾֵɫǰԭսոձɱһأδȫ³

ҽУô̵ʱɱΣشӰպĳɾ͡

ɫĮһȭֱұԴ


1844 
ǺѪԽţڳ߶еٴαɱ
ڽԭΣôݣпܵ괴ˡ
ʱٶȳ֣ǹصеһ֮ϡ
꣡
׹ѣǻ칬ĻƷܣͷ𾪣ǻıʧ
֮£һ귨بգҪǿ
ˣѾƵħƶֱӽǻ귨֣һѽǹӵĹ˹
ǹй׾ɭĵķ˸ȫһֻۣıħĥùâ
ȥײӡֱֽ
оԼǹǳ׶Ͽ˾ϵǻ칬ĿܣòһѪ
֣ҷ𣡡
ƷŭĺоѾǿ֮ĩˣû뵽ôǿ
ռ䣬Ҫˣɽеվ˳ˣǻɱ
¶ʦãʩչ򡣡
תͷԺ¶˵һΪȵĻꡣ
¶һȻΪеĸ߰оܲʣΥʦҲκ֡
꣡
һţٶȱᣬٶȡ
ʵ֮һȻͨ磬ȴɻɱ
ټ˵ıκβ
ɽλҴɽڴգ֣ľĶԸߣܵõɽṩʮöƷ꾧ǲսбɱôҴɽṩҩΪԭ汻ɱµľˡ
ں¶ߣǻ꿪˵
ΪҲǽ
ڻ磬ǧµĴĿϡ٣ҵǧµͨȴһЩ
꣬ͬǴɽĺĵӣ츳纮¶ȴִɽճ£кܸߵĻȨ
ֻҪɱôϵĽɫҳȻǴɽģ޼֮ԣһЩ꾧ҩʲô
ȻĻ̨ϵ߿ʼˣʮö꾧Ǵ˶ԣһ˲õĲƸ
һ֣
ҲҪɽϡԼë˵ĻȻᷴڡ
ԽԽ˼սţɽԭŵľۼأڲ˽Χ£Ѿѷɣ
ȻΪرԭ򣬵ҲΪĲͬڻ磬űż
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嫵ӿն飬糱
ȫѪħԪֻȻѿȴĥ
ΪڽɱڶӢ֮󣬴ǵʬѪ⾫ȡ
ֻǲٶȣʼոϲĵٶȡ
ֵĹ󽥽ҲԽԽࡣ
Ǿ޴ӰϢҲֻ˫ͫɱ˵ԽԽ࣬ȴʼɢɺâֲɱļ¡
ȫ˺۲ϵ࣬Ѿж٣Ѫվգӡܲ
Ƭѣȫûһ⣬Ѫ߰ߣϹ⣬ңͬ˶Ķħ
ͬʱնɱţҲǲ
ǵʬ׹ɽ֮Уѻ̨֮䣬Ѫɺӣ
սǰδеĲң
ķǵˣ콾
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Ȼ״̬ԽԽ⣬֧֣ϱһնɱܣɱˣش򱬶Էͷ­ƿ֮
̬Ⱥȷ˭Ҫɱ˭Ҫۣдɽҩ֮ѣҲӰ
̫ˣ
ԽսԽľǶֲ֪˶ˣѾǿ֮ĩȴո

칬ĴˣѾڻȪǾ͸ˣǴ˽ʣ
ԭͲ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫǵսʽͷŹЩﱻħˣΪħֵ䣬Ǳصעü졣
˾ʲô粻йӢܡ
ˣҪնݳպضΪҵȴ󻼣
ܶĺܴ󣬵˶࣬Զ룬Ͼɽԭ̫ˣɱģֻǱɽһǶѡ
ɱôˡ
ֻҪ¶󣬾ͻᱻ˳˲û
ЩΧΧĻߣǾ޴ȺȺΧһϣǲϵȵﲻ֧µһ˲䣬һӵϡ

һߣԴɽʥţ̴ͷ­ǹüĴ룬ԴѾĲ
ǹŤתͷ­ը
ͬʱؿڣֶһ˺ۣۼΪȫ˺ѾΪޣĻԪѾˡ
ȻһɲǣͻȻ䣬ţ·ʱ䶼̡
һ͵ĹƮ䣬ҫɽ
ľʲô
̧ͷȥֻһԼԼɫӰھ֮⸡֣ɽ֪жԶӦ˵ɫӰӻǿ֮УΪ̫޴Ѿܿˡ
һСǳ
Ӱٶȼ죬ٵķ£˸߿ķ˻
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
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µĺԱȣ¶֮ǰıС׼ˡ
㱼䣬иʵɫӰվڱﱳ֮ϣ·վǳĺڰԨ
ɫĻʣµķ򲻶ɢΧϢתγɵ㺮ͬѵǳ
ôͬŮһ㽵ףױȡ
һ·ɽڷ⣬Ͷʥࡣ
ֻ޾Σȴ̺ƣļ¡
ꡭʥ
ǻ
˾һʱ䣬УΧ콾Ī
Ȼ˵ģʲ壬ɫˣɲϢ¶˵ݡʥ
һЩ콾Щʥǻһһ˵£޵С
ͽ𾳽磬ΪԶͬ
콾ΪĿ꣬ǰܼһ棬ǶѾΪˡ
ǻʥնɱ
˵ޱȼ
Ϊ
ԣǰҲ˳նɱͬ˿ɵСⱰ࣬ʥУҲ̫Щ


1845 ʥ
ʥĳ֣콾ʼδҲʮּ
ԻʥصʯΪ
ʥ̫ˣʯֻһ΢ĵӣ֮ǰҼʥҲֻڴ֮ϣԶԶĿһ۶ѡ
ۼʥ٣ҸԼߣʯǵͨ죬ϵĻ֡

лʥ֣ôɫҳҲȻʥ֮֡
ʶһ㣬ɽɫ̫ÿˣǲΪЩܹʥа塣Ǿôɫҳȴвʡ
¶µı磬ʥͬ裬ոڲ֪Զǿ֮⣬һ̣һ̤Ӱǰ˱룬Ҳǰ
һɫȹȫĹεУضʥࡣ
ΪĹκɵΧߺѿݣֻܸܵʥǿϢ̲סĤݡ
ǶΪһ̾ͻᱻʥɱϾʥǰͬͯһ޷֮
СãȻڻС
εֻΪ˽ɫҳѣǲҪ֣Щ˾ͿԻɱˣ
ڻʥأʯ˵Ļ˺ܶ˵ͬɱµļһô֣
ȻҪɱҪСĴۣԸЧ͡
һʱ䣬ڶɽԽԽߣԾԾԣҪɱ֮ǰɽ귢Ч
һĻĬֻǿʥ
ʥͬҲ˫䣬ͫųӨĵĹâ·һܹĳ׿͸
ʱȫԡѪƬûһõĵط·ǧɴʬǣѪɺӡ
սϵɱ
վģȴƮƮɣŮ
Ѫʥ࣬ɱ¾һγޱĶԱȡ
ʥƺˣ
ʱ·һ̼žʥ콾ңңӣߣȴΧ£Żţһ̨ţ˸صķķâ
֮ǰδʥ¼档
Ȼ㡣
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ˡڡ
˵ޱһʱ䣬˶סˡ
ʥʶ
棬·ƾðģʥȻ֪ݣ
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ʶЩܶ˶˵ˣԭΪʶľ϶µˡ
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ֻһ֪ðΪײ˻ʲôԵͻȻճСӡ
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ǷЩˣʯȻʥسĵӣȴһδʥۣкʥҲûдһҲ֮е飬ʵȻƶкԼ
ʱţ˿ڣڻ䶯ţϡ
Ϊ̫࣬˿ϵٶȼȻʱ״̬ѾΪ⡣
˿ڣʥƺһֱ㣿ڵƺôãһǾҪˣû˽ɫҳСᱻԣԴʵҪҳѣǸʱ뿪ˡ
ʥϹһɵʤ΢Ц
ԣʥȷʵλߣΪ˳Ĳ࣬ʵĲĺ蹵޷ֲ
ڣҲʥ
ɫҳܱסҵȴδ¡ƽȻľأûʾ
Ŷʥ죬׷ɱ֮£㻹Ҫӳİգ
ֻǲԴаˡ
һ·Ǿ·ͨص·ǻص·Ҳô򵥣Ҫܳ׼ʱ䣬Ҳܱš
ʱڣͱĸ֪ô֪ɣпܿԽգ֪ͨӰԼľ֮Լ֡
Ϊƺˡ
ȻܵʥµϢϸ۲ʥĻ꺣ȴ֣ʥΪѾ˽ڣɱѹĸоҲͨ¡
ȻΪɡתתԭ
תÿһתΪͣͬʱ䶼֮ͣתԽǳףָıȾԽ
Щӻήġʥ̹Ȼ˴תת֮󣬽һʱڣΪһٽԽͣЧԽá
֮ʥٶȣ쵽˼飬֮ڣ硣
磬רҵİɣ֮ǰԭôķ粨ֽдʥԱߣд¡ֺּ֣󶼱ڸʥѾˡ
ҲʥȻֻʥ
˵Ŀİɣ㲻ɵģΪʥĴսˣֻ˵Ҫһˣǲܵ飬Ի岢޺ô
ʥһüͷһ壬Ȼϵв̫˳Ҳû뵽һʼʥһ仰ͰˣҲء
ı飬ʥѾȷԼĲ²ˣ̾һˣ֮⣬벻ʲôѰң磬ظ˲СĴ۰ɡ
Խʮ;Ϊѣ̾ϢԭͱͨʥҲԴ̾Ϣڡ
ʥʥҲ˵ļ棬ʮεľ档
ʱʵʥѵǶ֣֮սΪֹͣˣ
ʥĵʥ壬ȷʵ̵Է֮ҲսǡǹȥˣΪһЩԭ򣬴սѾֹͣˣ컯ʥʺͻҲѾʱЭ飬ʥֻҪһ֮󣬾ͻָ壬ʥԣ岢£ƾ㡭죡
ʥĮ˵ȴʵʥԣڵʵ̫ˡ
սԭʲôĵľ
ʥȻܾ漰ܣ޿ɷ棡
һһһһٵ˵ңṩ㹻ĳأ
ţʥˣ󲻳óʲô롣


1846 
ûԶѣֻԶ档
ʥе㽻飬Ҳ콾֮ϧѣɲָʥһ֣ͰԼ
£ҪٳĺΪѡ
϶ʥΪĳЭ飬ʥΪ̲壬һĴ۸ۣͣս
ΣţʥУ壬һ죬Ҫսףֻһ
ҪʥˣһҪһ㣬ڶóʥģ˵ĳ룡
һˣóһĲƸ
˼飬ʥ޷ţʲôҲԺһ壬ͱ簵ǹֻ֮Ķʥҩ޷û۶ġ
ɫĿĻش
̸֮ѾĳܴΧ߸޷ֻܿʥ̸ȴ̸֪ʲôһʱ䲻֪ôˡ
ɽȫɵˣǱɱȻȡɫҳʥһţֻĿš
ʥǰ֣ǸӶҡ
תԼϵֽ䣬Ϣϵ磬ۼħΧħ㸲ǡ
ħҪҲǻۣʥĶΪʥ䡷֮ͱҪõħ
Ȼĳ룬óҪϸĲغãĻ롣
ʥǷ·𶴲һеĿ⣬ħģȴҲʶĽСء
ó֮ǰҪ㣬ղ˵ʥΪһҪɣʶչȫ֪µʲô˵ʥµҪã廹жʱ䣿
֮ǰħʼ˵
ʥ֣ҪԭԤҪĶ࣬ʼİҪʥеõ׼ȷĻش
ʥ΢΢˵Ҳ޷̫ŽżңӦ֪̫Žżɣ
̫Žż
üһ΢΢ͷ
Ȼ֪컯ʥһսʹ컯ʥӿ˵̫ŽżƺһϵأдؾأϹŴĴС
ʥĺܶഫУǴ̫Žżз򵽵ģ컯ʥӮõͻ֮ҲǴ̫Žżеõġ
ʥ̫Žżλʥ徳ڣǱ̫Žżģһ棬һ֮Уסȫ̫壡ǰԵʱЩ嶼ʢһʱԻ͵Ǻȴûˣȴһɿµ
ʮһεĴ٣̾ϢǽʼսϣʥҲҪֶԸ̫壬ɱǣغ̫ŽżĹΪҪҪЩ󣬲רĶԸ塣ʱ䣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳһ꣬޷׼
ԭ
ʥĻи̫̾żһܲƸأʥƬأȻơ
ԭһ
£ʥ˦壬ʮǰһδ٣̾Ϣǽʧ֮壬Ҳǲˡ
ϾֻҪʥм̫ŽżеõУΪ񣬾ͻǿ̫ˡ
ÿһսУǼơ
Ǳ壬ʥƺռϷ硣
ˣѾشˣ˵˵ĳˡʥЦţóʲô
ҵĳ롭ָһСҪһ壬̸ףֻ㾡ܣóԼóĶ
һɫҳƵĿʥһʥȫ֮ǰҲǰʮһʱԭʣµĽɫҳиÿõһŽɫҳҿԸ㣬ͬʱϣҲõһŽɫҳԲۿ֮ҿԻ㡣룬Իʥصĵ̣˲ֹһŽɫҳɣ
˵Լĵһ룬ʥȴЦˡ
㵹ţҲľ
ʥĻУ̺һ˿ķ̡룬һĶô͸һ壬㻹ҪۿһʥصĽɫҳԼдôҲ룿
ҲܽɫҳǷڻ壬ڣʱòôĮûΪʥֽţʥڵʣԤϵˡ
ʥҡͷȷʵãҲ̫ЩΪܵģ
ԭЩõĽɫҳͱˣʣһһѣȴԭ棬µı׼ǰհǰģǸʱ콾Զܱȵģýɫҳֻдﵽǰǿŵı׼κͶȡɣʲô˽⣬ʮ굽һʱڼɫҳô㣿
ҳ콾ϣͬս֮ϣˣҵġתδԲת֮츳ٶߣǼˣһЩɫҳҲȫûаõ
ɽ˵Ƭ̨֮ϣҪͨõɫҳ̸ףң漰ķұó
ɽҲɵߴת֮˳ڴҲΪаʤҵĿܣ
ʥԼĽ
ȻûбѹƣĵΪ˵˵ûκ壬˵ĶǵҲЩɫҳõȴòͬģҲнɫҳõȴò㲻ԣ֪οһ롣
ʥĮȻȻĵһġ
ڶ֮
ˣʥһˣһƵȴʧȥյ򶨣˵ʲô
һ˫ӣסľ֮ƺҪꡣ
ʱ߶Ƚţ֮ն׳Ҳ֮٣Ϊɫҳķʥ˵ɫҳڻĶܲõ˵
ʥþãҿһ֮Ҳ벻Ч
ʥĻĿ¶һɻ󲻽֮ɫǻ壬꣬ȴһ֮ԣֲȫǣ֡
֮Ҫ֮ΪʥȻǻ콾Ҳû֮ꡣ
֮ջʵ̫ˣҪת˭ʥ޷ܾо֮꣬Ҳѧܹ֮иϣ
ʥĬˣþ֮Ż˵֮꣬ԸıԴһңôҲмСĿܣ֮̽İء
ǿжᣬ겻ܣ̫ˣǿȡҲɢûκμֵ
ʥ֮ΪܹôһϣΪϣԸһġ
ôһ룬ǻˣôȹ˴νѺԸΪսǧ꣬սʥ帲𣡡
̲ʥҰģ׳һ룬룬Լ


1847 ɢ˰
Լ룬㾡ˡʥ΢΢һЦΪսǧ꣬ʥ帲ֻΪһձɽ壬ֵô·磬Ҳ֪㶼ʲôۣ˶գȻһУı䲻յĽСҲֹ漰һ˥ô
꣬ʥʱѾͻ񣬶δɹοڵ㡣ʥ岻ģ
֪ôңٽĽˣ̸ʱϿһݱ顣
ʥĻͬһѼ׶һ㣬ģһʥ΢΢͡
һαԼδɵʱ򣬾͸ԼϳصļֵôȰ㣬ɣʣսϣδԸһ𣬹ͬȥĻҵ츳Ҷй֮޲ǿԹͬϹŽĴУһȥǵĴ棬Ϊһʢٵص·ˣǻʼ棡
·˺ͻʼ棬һ磬ˣǱƳ硢Ĥݣǡ˭ȥǳ壿֪·ˣͻʼһôʥ䡷ǡʥ䡷ʵɫҳϴδ֣һ壬ʮǿʢ壬ȴһеȥϹϵԳĺˣ
˵һ֮ϵʱ壬ôˣΪβɣ
ʥģȴ̺ſµҰģһ̣ƺջĵħŮг˹ƻ
һɲǣһֻ㱣ȻȴܿѹоʥϵǿĻĻ˲˼Ȼ֮鲻ԽģҪԸ
㣬Ļҵһʱ·ˣ͡ʥ䡷ߣһսοڻ壬лʥصˡۣ᲻뿪Ļҵ
ĻУȴȫãȻһƬ
ǰ·͸ʥ֪صĻۣҪʲô
һУǻޱȣʱĴ֮УоԼͬһС˻ηԵô΢
ɳڣһС
µ꣬ʮʱ򣬴ɣ̤˹ʶ÷Իʶ֮ӵĵѣסĵطûУòȥֵʱûиеô
ʱȻţֻҪŬܳɹµ·Ҳƾһ;ȥһδ
ڣоԼҪŬȴûУ׵׵ã
Ȼãȴ֪ԼСɣǣѡˡϼ壬ĸĸ˵ˣϹŷͬţǧꡢ롢ĽܷѩСħɡǰ𡭡
Լδı棬ȴΪʥսĻԪԼԪսѣһиԼҪʥ忹׵ĺǽԼȹĹĹŮ
Լδĺӡ
ԺڼϢʱڻˣһٶĳɳ֪Ӵ˶ˣЩֻǲЩȴǧ˿ƵĹϵЩͳɳЩ֪֮ĳЩȹЩİˡ
ǣһ֡
壬ɾ
Щˣһȥսǵʵ΢
ǿȫҪ干
ΨԼҶеĪĿռź͹¶
ˣҪһϿԼȺ塣
ЩˣˡѶڣֻʣԼһˣǧǬǻʲôأ
õʣģҲֻ޾ļį
Ҳ붪ҵĸҲԼδĺӣûԼ塣
૵˵ƺڸ֪ʥҲڸ֪Լ
ʥ̾һ˵ֻǲ뿴˶ѣȻ֣ôҲ˵ʲôǵԤʥ壬ĳ룬
ǣõеĽɫҳΪҵ֮ȷе·ˣҴſӰ壬ûʥ֣Ͼ˼壬ǡҲΪ
ʥԼͷһ˵ɫҳΪʥҵ֮ĵ·һ㣬ȫ֪֣ǣħ͸ʥ
ʥ츳ٵõħĻﵽʲôأ
ʱʥͻȻתΧῡܣĿڵǣɢ˰ɣ
ӹɵĻЩͷһ͡

ɽĵҪˣ֮ǰԳ֣ʩչ󷨣ķ൱ΪѰ䣬˲֪ٵӣͣǸôĴΧۿҪʥһ仰ɢˣ
֮Ŭȫ
ǾôȥôԴ
Ҫɱ¾Ҫʥ֣ǶԻ֣ǸǶҡ
Ҿ֣̼䣬ͱʥɱͲһģ
ҵȷ֮ǰַΪ˸֪ٴֻۣΪһ仰;ǲ̫ˣ
ڴɽһµĻµ׳ŵ˵
ʥֻɫһ䣬Χ¶Ȼͣǻµһͣʱûκε
ǱߣȻύڣǿȥˣݹ顣
ʥ̬ȼΪǿƣôɽĵȫдģûƢ˵ʥĵλʥʵ㹻ʸǹˡ
׸ʲôϵ
ܶз࣬ǲ֪ʥ̸ʲôֻȷϣʥʶҹϵһ㣬ʥ̸ôá
СӣҲǴ
ƺˣߵ塣
̨ܶϵߣʥʱ򣬾ͳ׾˼˼
½½˿ǲΥʥ
ֻдɽ˲ȥԲɱҪĽɫҳֱʥȻܾ
ľƪɫҳһϴɽһۣߣǲܵģ˵һ飬뿪ݹ飡
ʥ˵䣬ȫɢɺôɽֻоǷ·緲վڱѩһ㣬ȫºޱȡ
ڣˣʼߡ
Ϣʱ䣬Ǿߵһʣ
ʥȻǣҲûнӦʿԽľƪɫҳۿṩһЩ
ϾԷǻǿߣʥôҪ˼һ¡
ʵĸ˴֮䲢ֻһ¶ʱ򣬲ŻŽһ
Щ߸ɾ֮ʥ˵ʼɣĵһɫҳһŻһţ


1848 ľƪ
ʥĻһ
ɫҳԸΪʥѾ˽ɫҳķư汾ȴʲôû
ʱʥ˫ֺʮ֮䣬ųɫĹâһ˿һĽֽ֡
Χܶ˿һĻסǵоųɾŵˣǵһμɫҳ
ľƪҲǽɫҳĵһƪ
ʥ˵
ĽɫҳľƪҲǵڶƪһƪһˡ
һ𣬲ҴͷʼȻô
ʥóɫҳļľƪҲó㹻ĳ⡣
ʥֵɫҳֻʮƪǡʥ䡷ʮŽɫҳбĶ
ʥ˵䣬ɫҳѾƮϡ
ҲԼľƪɫҳʥ
˽
̨֮ϣв۹۱ǡǹģ߷·֮ƣ붨øƽ
һأ·µ˳ȥи˸һϵ
棬ʥĽɫҳ;֮ʼΪǳ㣬굱ӿ
ʶƷ˾κˣл㱼䣬һƬڵؾ
һƬޣȥܹоޱеļʵ
䡢ռţ͸ޱȵĹء
ϣعУɢ⣬Χһо
ЩĻɬ·κһ֡꣬еĸܵһ
ָܺֻԴ
ָĶɳ澰
һΡΡ룬ɽֱʣƽȴžȼգ䡢Ͼ¡׹أΪҽ꣬Ǵҽأټ
ޱߵĴ󺣣ԾˮַǷתۼ䣬մ𣬺ˮ׺ɣ
嫵ǳӥգлХ໣зĳǳأïܡתѣݣػˮӿŰһеķڿֲֶһеɢ
һĻһĻľǰ֯
еľڴűϢֹ𡭡
·˲˺ǳޱеĸоԼεε
Ĺޡ̾һҲݼ˼֡
޾龰С
ȻҪ׶Σ
ͷһ֣ͣɶơ
ЩоӰ·һգʼɢ⣬ķ
䣡
ǱһգɻҽĴ˴أĵطһССĲ磬ˮ콵䡢ͦΣĲ˲̬
ɺԵĴϣĳտǧ˷ӿˢݺ·۳޾
ѵǳ룬Ǻۣ޾Ǻ˽ٴͳǳ潥顭
һĻĻ龰Ĳ
ʱӣᵽչ֫ǴҽȡӪγ磬𽥳ɳ
ǸɺԵĺ֮ͻȻ޾ˮӿ룬Ϊ
ǱݼŵǺˣĹ¶ŵлɢԪ
Щ쾭УһḶ́ѭ
һһ顣
Ҳӿݼŵݼţĥ¡
ͻȻʶȻ޾ľĻû
һݣֳһ
һˮֳ󺣡
һǺˣͳǳ
һУһҲ
漴ֻأʱռĬĬЩ׾ģᡣÿһǳŹ
ͻȻʶϣǽɫҳžʼĻһſŷϲõĻŴ
ȻЩĻɬǴ˿̵Ѿʥɫҳ̺⡣
˵·˵ġ顷ʮļ
ڻĽɫҳع鵽˱ҡ
Ҽ棬Ҽ

ͱڼ̨ϣʥԶ̨
ĺΧɶ˺ıǽķ˸龰
̨ϵĻ꺣̨һ̣ڲľƪĽɫҳͬʱʥµ̨ҲɵĴεڵ꺣ӡǡ
˵һʱѾеƬ꺣ʵ⡣
һЩϵĸ콾һĻ
ϴһ꺣ڽһʱ䣬Ļ꺣ѾʵĹ⣬ʱգȫҲ⣬ҲõɽĽɫҳ
ȻϴʱֻתѾ˵תͬնǸľƪɫҳҲ绢
ʯϲõЦݣԭڶɽˣȻŴɽߣϼ
ʥͬһʥأʥǿҲŽ
ȻƳʥԱߵǸ̨̨ϵĿЩӡ
һļ¡
Сӣսֲ֪ܵһ
ʯҲұĳ˼ţǸȥܿݼŵ̨ϣҫ˵һƬ꺣â
ڶ꺣εڵ
ζţڲɫҳϣʼ̨ϵķˡ
âҫۣ·籡ȴǰȼĻ꺣âʢʥѷɫ
콾벻עﶼѣʥڶɽ漣ô


1849 Ů
ʱ̨ϣͬһڹžƽޱȡ
Ȼطɬʥɫҳ⣬ѾֻҪʱ䣬Լõĵһҳɫҳһһӡ֤ڻͨ
ֻһҳɫҳ⣬ҲͬСɡ
ڵĻǣ糱һ̲ͣĳˢ̥ǵĸо
ͣ㣬Ѹٿʼ̨
ֻ֪ҪԼõĽɫҳԽ࣬˴˻ӡ֤ڻͨҲࡣ
ָо֣ת˲š
굱еƬɫҳӦԺһ˲١
ֹһЩʱգƬ꺣˳
ģļɬ
̨ڤڤбһɴ֣ɢ޾
֪ʲôʱԼһѵСΧɵ·ȥ·
һƬɵУ·һҶۣƯؼ䣬ãȻ֪롣
Щ˸ǰɢﶼû·ؼҳʧȥϵ
ָо
оѣܹԻ߳ô򣬾ԻԽԽѡ
ɽ̨ѶȼԹ岻֪ж˽ܳȴһһʧܣǵе
ʶɣعѾκ˶򲻳ʲô
ȻţҲΪԼȻǿЩʱ
ٽƿС
ʱԺ棬ԼļľľƪɫҳһЩݡ
Щɫҳ⡢ģʼҡҷԣӴˡɢԺ
Χһɢںʧ
ǰֳһ·׾Ȼ޾Զ·ͨȥַ·ͨԶδ
۾һ·ǰոͻȻؼٴڡ
ޱ֣Уô
ô·˼ⷽظӦʼմڣڽɫҳԼϵĳ˼ҲԽԽ̡
ǵƬ꺣Ǻبǰǵ·ԶܿԽ
ͣ͵ͬʱ߲Զ̨ǻʥڵ̨Ҳþûж
һεɫâɢݳǵƬ꺣ȴʼûеȼ
̨һΪḶ́һɵ˵ģһʮꡣ
ʥҪȡĽɫҳҲΪѡ
ʱţոһա
ʥܣһǵĻк̨ܶʮͻľֲסʥȴȫ⡣
ΪǶ˳Ӧط򣬽ʡͬʱǵһָҲǿ󵽲˼顣
ⷽ棬ʥǿ̫࣬ȻʥΪӵħ꣬ʥ˵֮֮꣬ȹ̽㣬ǱѰ
£ѾһʮˣӣƺһֱȥҲ֮á
ȼ꺣ѡʥס
Ҳͣ꺣ˣܾûж
ȻСӺǿǿھԪϵ̨ȣ롭Ӧòþͻȼ꺣һЩСۣ´ʥ
̨ϣڿ˼
ǰƺһƬģ
·
У²ʯͬ·߹ʯ·
ÿһƪɫҳ˴˶һЩÿһƪִͬһʼܹô죬Ǵǰĵ̣ΪǰƬɫҳԵʣѶȶȻӴҵĵ̣Ҳǰĵˡ
ţʱͻȻһ
ףСʯͷϿ̡֡
жȻһһֱԼĺŮ
תͷȥǼʶУǺŮߣ۾鶯ǰɵͫ˸Ĺâ·𿴴һ㡣
˵ʲô˿֣ļ£˲ȥʺŮôԼʶеģƺֻҪǻʶûʲôסСŮ
ĵǣʯ·ϣȻˣȴ
ȻΪǰ·һ֣ûп͸ǺŮȴУ£˸о˼
ţһƯỊָ̇ʯд֡
Ůˣ
Īˣ˻˭
дʲô
ʵŮɴ۾һգգĿţ૵áøӵ֣ҿأ̡񡭡Ϥ
Ů˳˼
һϤ
ʵ벻͸ŮʲôݣֵŮֻʲôϵѵĸŮ
Ů˿µġ֡ʲô
ǰ̿ʼˣˮˡǣ桭Сݣ桭
Ůϵ˵ţЩ޹ֻһͷˮ
ǣ񣬽۾ȥЩ·ߵʯ
Ȼȴо۾һգգĶЩʯ˫ʹӭᡣ
ƺЩʯĹ⣬ͬһ㣬Լ
ָоŮ˿ĶǷ
ؼѭ淨Ҳ⡣
ŮԱߣʱʱ˵ţ˵ÿһ֣εļס
һֱһֱ˫Ŀͨ죬Ѫ˿Ҳи
ֱһ죬ƺʯģӰ
£ȫɢſµϢ
ȷʵһŮˣһļµŮˣµĳͬʱ֮ӵˮ˿һ۾ͽʧ
޷Ů˵ľ磬ֻʯΧⲽеʱڳ˼еʱֻͷʯϿ¼ʡ
һƷһ㡣
彩ͣ޷жԿ϶ŮӣֻǲڵĻ󣬶ʳǹµϢиܵƣǿԽϣеĿϢ޷׷ݣȫҲԴͷĸо
ǰǰµӰô
һֱֵգʱôãȴľ
һŮˣҲСŮľԭ洴֮龰Ů˿ֵľ󣬱õĽ͡
ܣŮˣ˶ɽ̨
Ȼ̨ˣѵǡʥ䡷Ĵߣ
ڻþοʥ䡷Ĵߣ꣬·˽սǸˣȻֻǾһƳȴԿ϶ӦǸ˲ǡ
⾿ô¡
оԼԴҺģǰϵȫã̲סתͷߵĺŮŮѵҲǰǰôΪʲôŮӺϤ
ǵĻ꣬а˸ĽɫΪλôãΪλΪϣûôŨҵϢ
ԺţȻڣȴȥ˼ЩʱʼǸŮӵ֣Ҫʲôıʼ·˸صĹâô


1850 ۾
׿̵ʲô
н۾ʹޱȣЩâͬ
˲֪ã˫ĿѪ죬ƺ˼ޡ
ֱϹžµĵӡĻһĿ顣
ֹһӣͻȻ͵һ۾Ѫ˿
ڵϣ֧壬ɿŮµıʼ
ָ磬˰۾Ѫˡٿ۾ỵġ
СŮ⸱ģнһ˵ֿʼڳˡ
û¡
ڰ֣۾ȴֶûƿ
ɡǡСŮܹ
һůǵãСŮ˵йɺŵζƺҲΪСŮЩԭսСŮʼո
СŮĿ¶һ˿֮ɫ˵һֱ֪֣ԼҲǲˣԺòã
СŮԴ˵ͷƺЩϲáõġ
šû¡
ҧŮµıʼ
ȫעȻѪ۾
ûжʱˣʥĴսò˼ʮͻᱬĿЩսл
ڣʱ䣬ʥĺûʲôϣȥΪʥҪҵ֮֮·׳ħ򼸺ܴɣ
ôΨһģǾԼʵһֲ²⣬ܽʥ䡷͡顷ںϣޣͬʱ£Ҳﵽһ˼ľ磬ڶʱڣԼʵԿٵĳ̶ȡ
ȻνĶʱ䣬ҲǲǼʮѡ
ȻˣҲҪ㾡ܣõɫҳ
ɽĽɫҳʥõˣôʲôûУԼõˣôͿŽɫҳʥٻһŽɫҳ൱ڵõš
һŽɫҳˡ
ȻƾŽɫҳܲ򵽡ʥ䡷ȫչϣһЩ
ҧأ۾һգգ͸֧ԼĻ
ʱ磬ı壬ͬӦҡ
Ǹ۾Ѫˡ
ע⵽ΣЩһΪ̫󣬶ɫף
ô۾Ѫ״
Ļȶƺļһ͸֧ԼĻ
ˣֲסӲţ˼ô
̨ѣҶֻһ£ûָʲôƬɽ֪ûʲôˣļʱǰҲ޹Сӣȴ㵽ϣҲƴġ
˵ЩϷı飬ʵںܶ˿ǻʥҪõɽĽɫҳס
ôʥиϣʯۣ֮һֱʥܳɹġ
ҲѪˡ
ЦҲֻı顣
Ƕų⣬Ҽʡ
ǳһ壬ȴȲһ࣬ȻﲻˣڿӣǶýˡ
ǻĴУһҲõô
ŵĻ꺣ӡǶѣ̨ȫҪ߸꺣ӡǣԶĪһꣿ
ҸоСе㻢ơ
Ц̸ۡ
ǿٿʥ
ʥɴݣֻżü𣬵ȴӣδ̫ˣԺʱƣʥ½ĵ꺣ӡǣȻԽԽ
Ҳ޷꺣

Ư̻һ㡭
һֿˣŮÿһͻ̽˵Ȼĺɣ͸ɳһȴôŬ
㡭ˮϡ
оŮӵ֣޾ʱ䳤ӣ޷塣
ֵ˼ޣ˫۱Ѫǣʧ
ŮƣͬŮһʯһһ˵ϺͷϢ
ƺ˼ʲô޾ĳҹĻ䣬סݣ˸޷塣
֪˶ãվʼ̻
һֻ۾
˵ˣŮӻʲôѲ
۾
ҰѾɺһƬоŮӵӰģˡ
ʱŮͻȻתһۡ
һۣһ³һѪ
ڵϣоԼ˫Ŀ֮䣬ޱȡ
۾
ҧأ촽ѪƺʶģȴƴŮµʯ
ľãԼɹѾԶˣֻҪһܿ壡
Ȼһ̣ĵǣѾʲôˡ
ҰһƬѪ죡
ԣȻˤڵصʱ򣬲֪ΪΣġҰУȴĿһֻ۾
Ӧ˵ֻ۾ֱӵӰԺ֮Уûͨ˫Ŀֱӳֳ
ԼüģֻоʹԼ䣬ƺеǹƬռ֮УüĻ۶
ˣ
𶯣Ƭƺ˺ˣ޾ǻ䣬УֳſŴǣ罾һ
ǧǹ⣬ͬһ㴹䡣
оԼͷѣƺԴҪЩǹӲиˣ
ǡ
ĸеԼüģڵλãȵҪڻ޾ǹ⣬ۣһ
ĿĿ
Ȼһ𣬵֮Ŀ
һûκιһ򿪣ȴֱߵʶԿİأ
ҾȻпһ
ڵĴϢţĶͷȫѪѪ֮Уƺһֻص۾˸
֮ǰϸ췣˫ǿҩѻȥģΨһΣĿȴͻӲĿˡ


1851 
ߣǷˣǶǵĶüĴİݣĵֻ۾Ѿ˻λڣΪ裬۵ڡ
ۣܿܶһУױȵĸ֪
ڣ۳ѪҲΪǿӦ˵ףҪһǲˣֻǿŮӵ֡
Ůָʯϵһ˲䣬Χȫ۶֮ںһ𣬻ַƿʯ֮ϡ
ָΪʣԷΪīŮӿ̻ÿһƺǻġ
ݳ㡢ޣ޲һʯһ֣Ů˫֣Щԣӵʵ
ָоŮӻɵͼֻҪһͻ紫˵еʣΪĶѾɾ
ļ󣬵ǿţȥĶŮӱµķ
оŮӿµЩʲôûץס
Ǳ˴֮ľ̫ˣ¿Ůʣ͸֧֧š
̰û塣
Ȼһ㣬Ůӿµķ̫ˣÿһʯµĺۼЩۼ֮У̺ķȻ϶ڹȻÿһڹ֮䣬ȴŲͬ塣
Ҫеķ嶼ˣͻץסʲôȴץס
ʶЩƽеעŮӸջµһͼ֮ϡ
⸱ͼһöΣ̶ֻĴС֮ǰŮӻµĻ㣬ͼ̫ˣ򵥵ֻȼʣŮֻ˼Ϣʱ䣬ͽˡ
˼򵥵һͼҲ͸¶Ų
öΣȫĵĳȥȻҡ
ʼ䣬ƺöһΪΪģķΪˣԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ̣಻ϣһƬˮɡƼ䣬ζ磬ͬߣɷ
ľȫС
꣬ˮۣе𣬶ڴأں󣬻ع䡭
һΪݣһˮҲۡ
޾ˮȴ飬㣬ޣΪ꣬٣
һͼƼ򵥣ȴ̺Ϣ⾳оİأʱš
ĻϵģһϢ⾳ȴǱĬĻ꺣ԭݽߵĻ꺣ƺһ꣬ÿһ꣬ޱȴĻԴⳡ֮£оԼľʼó
ı仯Ҳֱı֮ϡ
ԭ԰׵ɫʼĺֻ֮ǰ˫ĿѪЩѪմȾӣʮ
Сӣֻˣ
ܶ˲죬һ£̨һֲּסͻԽԽ㣬󲻵ǫ̀
ԭԶ֧Ųסˣɫֺʵڲ
عⷵհɣһǾͲˡԭҾֻһ£ָʲôջ񣬶Сӣһ⣬Ͳǻˣ޵ҲǾԪϵȴƨƨߵǻĴУ֮治С
ڸӣԹԣѪƴ̶ֳˡ
ЦǺǵ˵ʱͻȻһ
ô£ʥҲ
ں̾ͲעˣǷ׷תͷʥڵ̨ʥǻ忡ģҲǡ
һǶʱסˡ
ʥʱȻҲôá
ΧɵĻԽԽȶл㱣ƺҪɢһ㣬һ֮ӣʱҲʧȥѪ˿ƺļ

˽ˣǶʥĳߡ
Ҫ
ʯɽһߵĶʱ䶼ϢģϾ̨ĿޣʯԴʥˣͺˣʱ䶼ڹעʥʥһϾͷˡ
⽫һʱ䣬ʥ״γֻ֧ԻԭЩգʯȻ˴ˣ³һЩ֧ڲ£ҲóȻʥ
ʥǿľ˽ܣҲ֧𣿡
ӹͷٿɫԽԽеˣʥھʲô
Ȼ񣬵Ҳ󡭡
һԣһ˵ţʱͻȻ䣬ʥڵĵطһȦʵĹΣȦԽԽˮһɢ
һĻϣ˶Щѵǡ

âɢһʱ䣬ʥڵ̨ƣ꺣ӡǵ
ʥ˵꺣һ꣡
ʵ̨ߣôʱҲв˵꺣
˵Զģڣڳд콾Ѿ˵꺣ˡ
ϵʱ䣬Ļ꺣âΪǿеʱл
ûʥô죬ôʥĻ꺣ӡǣһ£һȦȦĹʥ
ǻղųֻ͸֧Ӧ˹ؼʱ̣Բ͸֧һǸ
̾꺣ô͵ò˾ãһΣʥĿõɽŽɫҳ
ԣǺܴ󣬱Ͼôƾõʱ䣬̫ʧˣ
̨֮ѣѾģ
˵ţʱҲʵĹΣһȦһȦͬˮ
ţ
ǳԾ׷ȴȻ֣Զԭ̨âͬҹĵ

ѵҲ˵꺣ӡǣôܣ
һʱ䣡ʥﲻ£
ۿǹԽԽԽԽܼǶǾúϲ£죬ڿѾԿ϶Ҳ˵꺣
ô࣬ҲǻĴУ
Ѿ֪
ܶȵľɥУʵǲϵĳֲסʵк£ʲôԶԶ˦ǡ
Ϊս츳棬Ѿ˦ʮ֣ͬѹһȺ
Ϊһǿ壬ǵĽ
ǳϴ򲻹٣ڻ;棬Ϊܱ
Ȼʵȴ˷̡
ͺñȣһΧָһ壬Χ壬ɱ̽䡣
壬Ǿķ֣Ƕ²һԶ
Լıְ涼ӮӦ˵ǻʲô콾Цˣ
Щ˲֪ʵʥ䡷ĴߣǻȣµĴУҲȫģ߼ɵ֮޹أ
ʱڶɽһ忡ܣɫҪѿжѿ˵һ
Щ֮ǰ˵ƵģоϻģȻҪ䣬ȴףʵǰ˵ʲôȥô԰ףǸɴˡ
ǵһɽ
СֹȻû˵꣬޷ܵ鷢ˡ
ΧĹΣԽԽǿɢһʼͬ纣ˣһһ˷ԲʮɵķΧģ֮Уй⻪𣬻Թͻͣ·ǳһ㻺һʱ𾪵Ըӡ
ʥй֮޲
ʥǵһ£ȴǵһƬǳÿ󶼲ͬΪ̨ķͲͬûȫʥ䡷ķֻһ֡
һַѶȣǷ񳹵׵ȵȸԭ򣬳ֳ龰ǿ᲻ͬ
ڣʵ󣬻ʥĺǶãƺ̨ųĹâһ㣡
ȻȲ
ܶ˸оͬΣȻ˵ʥֻǵת滹мķչռ䣬˭ܿ϶δûиķչأ
˵ʥϾһʱ˵꺣ĴСʱҲܹƾâǿ̶ֳ֣ȣģ
ʥӵ̫࣬ǲţԽʥ
ʱʥǶ綼ȫȻ֪
ʵݣ·¼š
ȫУûаɢ
ȼ˵꺣꺣ó̡
һʯϣȻ
ʥһˮ޷޲ޱȡ
ʥӲƾԼ˵츳Ͷ⣬֮̽һ·
ʱȴһֱͼһöССΣһһ죬Ȼҡ
ֱоͼ֮УѾԼܹĶ򣬾ܿҲȫʱͣ
ƿĿʱȴ֣ǸŮѾʧˡ
ƬأҲû谵ƺһ
ǰʧˡ
ЩźŮӵʧµķҲˣô෨ÿһޱȣ̺أܰƿõ磬һǶʥضὫΪ䣬һĴȥ
ȻڱɽУȡıȴʮޣôʱֻһͼûȫ͸
ֻ˵Ĳ̫Ҫߵ·
ΪԼûĶźʱȴԽԽѹڤڤ
һʯںڰ֮£ʼʧȥɫĹ󣬶ī
ʯ˺ʯ
һʯ׾ǣ֪ΪһָоͬһĹһ㡣
ָоΪ֣Ƭռ֮УҲѹϢ
һĺƬ磬һοǰ·
ȻתĿҪ
Ȼؼ䣬ƺһɵü֮䣬Ŀûǰ
оԼüһźʿõĻӡ÷ڡ
ĿҲ
һĸоΧģ֮⾳
Ȼ
Ĺޡ
ûһبų棬һ壬Ҳʢ˥棬Ҳеͻ
ܰôǴ˵е֮ƺ㡶ʥ䡷ĴߣҲδ֮ܽܽ
£뾭֮⾳ҪĲ֣Ϊԣǻŵʱ䣬ߵʱ䣬Ǿ΢ˡ
֮⾳򣿡
ѣΪԭͻţףܲɱȥ
ԺͷʱͻȻӰһߣָ磬ˡ
ָһƬ
ʲôˣһ
ö࡭öˣøʽЩųЩǣЩβͣв˵ģޡֳ棬ǶǴӵģһʯ档
Ӻʯһݣָоͺӷصһֲ֮ǰиоЩʯĹ
ǵΪֹ˵ЩӰȴǿ
ͻȻһ
ôˣļ
ǡǱɱˣɱǣǸˡǸ˳úÿ£һһһһɫ顭
飿һ뵽е
飬˸롣
ǵԭս̫żУĿ·˺͡ʥ䡷ߵĴսʱǡʥ䡷ߵУһ顣
ʲô飿ǸӰŮ
ںɫģѪѪɫƣˡ
ٵ˵֪ΪΣֳֺĺɫӰֺȵĲС
Ѿȷϣеĺ飬ʮ֮˾žԭսżпһ顣
˵ѵ˵Ӱǡʥ䡷Ĵߣ
֮ǰǸŮ˭
ԽԽͿʥ䡷Ĵѵˣ
ʣںĺɫӰ֮ǰϹսżпġʥ䡷߸ΪƣǶˡ
飬ǽɫҳ𣿡
֮ǰһֱΪɫҳǡʥ䡷ģǼ벢ãǻеġʥ䡷ڿԼŪˡ
ʵϸ룬ɫҳôһţչһСģʵڲһҳοɫҳֻʮţһ飬ⱾҲʵ̫̫ˡ
ЩɱӰϧҿҲֳֺ֪ˣ׳ʲôģ
תĿȴȫ޷͸صĿҲڵ
Լ͸ͼ󣬾Ѿ˵꺣ӡˣǵ꺣ӡǣ
ӡӡǾ
µоɽ̨еѾǵõһŽɫҳôˡ
һӡʥ䡷߷򴫳е
뵽һ
·ˣСʥ䡷ߣǰߵ֮·Ҳȫͬ
һһ⣬ͬʱ̳ǿߵĴУޣôﵽ̶ֳȣ
Ƕںϣǽĳɾͣ᲻
Խ·ˣԽʥ䡷ߣﵽһδйģոµľ磡
뵽Щȷϣɽ̨ʵһݷĴУҲһԵȻõ͸ȴ̫̫ѣԹΪ忡Ȼȴ޹
Ϊʧ̫ܵˣںܶš԰ײԡûʲôҲûʲôʧ̬Ǹָõɫҳֻѡ
ܶΪɽΪ򡰻ҡͲʺϳǲ֪νҡķǸ˵ԭ


1852 ֮⾳
ڶɽľʱ䣬ܹ꺣ӡǵῡܲ٣ǵĵ꺣ӡǣǹâл
£Ѿܵ꺣ӡǡ
ʶڻʷУܹ꺣ǷëǣģܳΪ˽ܡ
ǵжεģҲͨ𣬶Щͨǳɳ˳Ǳþġ
꺣Ѷȼߣܹ漣
ڣʥڳ꺣սѶȼĹؿ
ڣѾûΪʥڵ꺣ĹؿʧܣΪ֮ǰʧܵˣиͬǵ꺣ļΪǿʥǵĵ꺣ԣ𺳡
ǿģʥҪ೤ʱܿ꺣
Ҫ̨֪һ͵ģϹʱʱܺķʮõʱ䡣
ǰÿһᶼͬ
ģɽ̨õһŽɫҳô򵥣ǡʥ䡷µĴУ٣ȫ˵ı¡
Ϲʱﵱ֮ء
ݴ꣬꺣֮ʱ䣬ȴһ񣬶ʱǧ󣬴ǧʱ»صɽǸʱѾǶҪɾͰ벽ĸ֣ȻһǳɳꪣδܵĻ꺣ӡǡ
Ⱥ֮Уϸʷ
֪ʥöõʱ䣬Ȼǿ
ǸȻԸϣǡȷʵ̫ˣҲҲܴ漣
꣬ʥܹʱѹ֮ڣǾѾˡ
ڳԽһͬ
ʱһˣɳƲɵľЩǴɣڽ𾳣ͻȻչֳ˼Ǳ
ʱھУһµʱ䣬δܿ˵ĺӰ
Щĺƺӵһе˿͸
ңĳģҲЩļԭһ֮ԼȡػʶͲҪϢһʮ꣬⡣
Ƭ֮⾳ѹˣоԼڵڲϵţĵ;ƿݵʱͲòӾ뿪̨ʼϢ
а;ϣҪһ飬ķѴʱ䣬δһǳɣʼջмȱ
Ӱ
ʵָһ򣬡ֻԶڿɱһͷޣ
۾һâȻһָָ̤ĵطһԾľ룬ҲԶ

ͻȻĶһΪȥλãǺɫӰ
ָ磡
СɷףʱѾϣ
ৣ
壬ڵѪһ˲䣬ƺĿڷĵУܵϢһ̣оԼ궼Ҫն顣
ޱŨڵһע뵽֮Уͣôһ˲䣬ԼƺǱɱˣ֮𣬶Ϊһţ
Ȼʱ䣬δܳãǺӰ뿪ˣѾɱͷޣֻǱ˳նѡ
ڵϣȫ亹һĻļоԼľ֮пˣ
ʱо綼ѾʧʣһɵһУ
£ǰǰµӰȻ
ףǰӰʵʵĹǻնȥԼĻ˲ֱɱĸоΪһ̺֮֮⾳
֮⾳˰꣬ûɢղ֮⾳壬ͬһ
겻ǿһĻܱܿһֱն꣬һȻҲ
Ҳ˵ʥ䡷ڰǰӳһƾõ³ӺȻɱˣ
ǺεȵĿ¡
һվ˺С԰ףסС졣
û¡ź⣬СŮ̫ܣ׵Ŀ͸һУƺԷһ֪
ǸӰ
ֿʵԥһ£ָ˷ٴγ˹ȥ
һξ˲䣬ͬǣһǱصĺ飬޾Уûࡣ
һɲǣоԼ඼Ѿ࣬ȫѪҺֹͣʣȫʯ̶Ϊݹǡ
ָоĿԼĿʬǧ³ãֻʣһǡ
ξͬı˲䣬Ǹĸоȴȫͬ
ڡӰ
ʣٴָ
һδεȷӰλãһδεĳȥÿһɲǵı˲䣬Ȼȴͬ
ģüĵĺԽԽŨĻҲڼġ
ʱ磬ıҲ֮仯Ϸ·֣ȫɢŵģƺнľģ˺ɫѪ˿
һĻ̨ΧĻ߶ˡ
һε꺣ʱ򣬾Ϳ͸֧ѪƺҪ;ƿݵӣûöãֻʥ˵꺣Ҳϵ˵꺣ĺƴ̶ȱʥй֮޲һЩſЦȫӦ˵˺ˡ
иʱɽʶ̶׷ɱôΧɱǿǴɽ˽ܣǧҾʹﵽ˽δسǴ콾һ֣ͣƻɽ˽Ҳųˡ
ɽıؿܣۿȫѪޱȣƺҪˣ£Щ˵˳סˣǳȥһΧˣ³֪
һǰǳɰٵĿܱƬɱĳ棬ֱ˵
ЩɽĿܣٿɫڣƺжҪӣв֪ʲôζ
Ǹоȱµñÿζƺ;ƿݵӣȻڿ첻˵ʱ򱬷֮ǰЩסļһɻһҡ
Ҳ˲ģС˵Σܸǲ˰ɡ
̨ΧΧ£̫࣬˲аġ
˿ʥоʥҲǺܺãϾ֮⾳УòܺõĲ䣬ʥҲؿѡ
ʥкܴĲͬͬʥﵽһĵزҲڶʱ䣬ҵ·
Ļ£ʥĻͬڻš


1853 Խ
ʱ䣬һš
ĵ񣬸ʵҲ޾ޱǺӰնɱ
ԴУЩҲǰװģһδε˲䣬⾳ҲԽԽ̣ģѾܹƬ֮أջ
ȻٶȻǸϲĵٶȣѾ˺ܶࡣ
ʱһ£һ죬âѪ֮еʱڵĽɫҳ·âǣ˵
һɲǣǰһһʵĺӰ
һ˲䣬٣â࣬Ҳǿ
ˣ
ڿ֮⾳ĺӰ
ȻֻǾһƳȴ֮ޱ̵ӡ
ǸˣȻϹսżġʥ䡷ߣ
˸ĸоɱ֮ǰŮȫˣ
ǸŮӣƺ֮ĸ̺ޱȰǰĺӰȴƺѪصһ㡣
һһˣ
ղڽɫҳصĺӦҲ⾳ʡ
ƺˣʵ˵еġʥ䡷ֻǱ飡
ԺлɫҳݣľãҲɫҳͺ鶼ʥ䡷һ֣ɫҳ֮ƪ֮ƪ
ڻƿصģӦ֮ƪȫ
֮ƪҲзƱ
֮⣬кüŽɫҳ
Ҳ˵ۼСʥ䡷ȫƪˣ
뵽Ҳʶ۵Ŀ£ʱһܷ񱻳Ϊǿ壬һܷΪһţǿЩ塢ŵٺ͸Ŀǿǵеǿߣ
ǿߣһĸ߶ȡ
Һų۷壬ҲΪۺ͡ʥ䡷֧š
Ȼʥ컯ʥҲԲΪ컯ʥʣӵк飡
ʥ䡷ԭԱȺ飬ѷΪĳɳĸӰһЩ
ڣЩʱ
Լ⾳ͻͽʼȡƬ֮еĻͬʱϵѰǡʥ䡷ߵӰȥĹĹ֮УѰ֮⾳İء
һһΣ˲䡣
ģĻٶȣѾܸϻٶˡ
ֹ˼£ٶѾٶȣڿٵĻָš
ɫٷڣѪҲʢ
ʱѾȫȫĿӰĶˣԼʱҲܲ׽һһÿ̺طļ¶
νԳ棬
ü֮䣬ĿͣӰÿһƺ޷ˣܵõõ
һʼϵĳܺӰĹʼģºӰģÿһÿһϢ
Խģ£ԽǸоԷĿֲһƽƽĶȴ̺
һһ£
磬̨Χ߿ЩΣȻִСǿǲ֧Ųסġ
˭Ϊ¶֧ļΪ۸ĻǾԻĺܲҡ
ͬģʥҲָ˹
츳ˣûкСŮָ㣬ȫԼĸоŨĺ֮֮⾳·̸Ӽѣ
ˣʥѾ̨ʱ䡣
ʥıƴҷ׷׿꺣ŵ꺣ϢѾԭ
ɽԽԽ࣬У˽ܡ
ҲֻԶԶĿţʥ̨ǿŵġ
һεĻˣԿ
ʱ䣬š
ֹȥһ꣬ڣѾˣ
߽ʥںٶȻԽԽ߶ԣֻһ붨ʱˡ
˵ȴپ˳ʱ붨
ʱʥѾȫӦƬضԻģʼȫ
ۿʥµӣܶ˶֪ʲôо
Ҫô
Ԫϵ˵ˣڻµĴϣĳɾ;Ȼѹлߣʥ棡
ŻһӮġ
ʯƶ˵Ϊʥ֧ߣһֱڰʥ͡
ʱʱе¡
һ죬ȴ𾪵һĻ
ڵ̨ϣͻȻػۣ޾ĹԷڳ֣зӿְգԻԻͻͣϼд档
ʲô
⡭ʱ䣬ѵ
ǶţҲԸţȻʵȴǲпģµ̨һʯϣһ·ʼεڵͬȼգǻͻ⣬ɢĴ⣬ɽһع
꺣ˣ
һĻĿܿһɲǣǸоз·ʲôһ㣬
塭һȥˡ
ԷǹƥΪʥڣҲû꣬Ǿ壬һܹ⣡
ʮһĽΪһ࣬ѹ
ʥҲδܳԽ
ֱǼķ̣
ܶսȭͷʯǽҧ촽촽ҧ÷ϡ
һܿ꺣ӡǣܿġ
Ĭƺеϣ
Ȼʵȴôпᣬȥµʱ䣬ʥһ޶
ʱʥü΢ƺڲʲôƿ
̨ʵ̫̫ѣǡʥ䡷µķ򴫳С
һصĺСŮָ㷽֮⾳֮⾳ܵһʱ俴Ȼ򣬵Ļȴܸϡ
ʥƾԼ̻̫ࡣ
ֱĸ¹ȥʮµʱ䣬ʥڵ̨â
һʱ䣬ϼ籡ĳ磬ֱʣĿ


1854 ʮ
Ҳ˵꺣
ܶ˿ʥʱ꺣ɾѾʮ죬Ҫһࡣ
Ǳһȣȴ˼¡
ϸ۲죬ܶľãʥâȻͬҫۣǱԣȴƺһơ
֮⾳棬ʥ·ĵĻ˺ܶࡣ
ؼʱ̡
ܶж֪ʲôоĵ߻꺣һȫܹõɽĽɫҳ
ʵ̶ֳȣܷõɫҳǴҪˣΪֻҪȫܵõĺôԶ⣬ﵽľأպмĴٽá
ֻԵ˼ʡ
ʱھ磬Ѿ꺣ӡǵż
Ŀռ䣬ûصŮӣҲûֳľɱ
ֻһʯ̨
ʯ̨֮ϣ޿
ʯ̨ΧϢķת
˫֮䣬ĿͣеķģĲ׽ûа©
ֻǽڡ
һصѶȣһߵԣ֮ǰǷ񳹵ס
߶⾳ֻǿôںϾԴ֮ˮˣܳɹ
ʮڵߵ꺣ӡʧܣΪǵԲΪ꺣֮⾳ʵ̫̫ѣºܶ񣬶ļΪǿʵ̫
ԣȴ⣬Ϊ⾳ѾüΪʵ
Ҫģǽںϡ
һḶ́ƾ迪Ŀһһںϣûκεȡɡ
ʱţʥԴ˻Ȼ
ʱ򣬶ɽȺкܶῡĽڴפʶ⴫˵еʷ漣
ΪʱȽϴЩߣǹۿʥЩˣӴʥɢĻ󣬶⾳Ҳᡣ
ȻһĻ忡ܣһʾԾ֮
֪ʥܷ͸µôˣ̨ϳɳꪣܾ̫һЩ
ͬһʱ䣬һӳǣлһ࣬˸оЩʵ
ˣ츳϶ȴʱӿֲǽӦöΪľʹ˴漣ҲǲܰɣҲǶˣǰϹſܣй֮޲
ǰϹʱ۷壬ǸʱĵܣʵҪǿ
ֽʵѾģ˥·չڵĿܣǳɾܳԽϹſܵĻǾ̫ˡ
ʷôױдģΪɽͻµڰѾı䣬ʺϲ򣬶˵⻰ˣҲһܣ룬ܸЩݵġ
ͬˣвͬ
Ƕڵȴȥˡ
ɽĽܳӰˮ¼ʥḶִ́Ҵһȥ
ǰǰгɰǧĴ
ͻȻһ츳࣬ȻôĹע
֮⣬תʥĽΣҲǻܶĵġ
ȥ
ʥͬܣһ
Ϊֹ̨Ѿʮʱˡ
Ϊڻ൱һʷϣڶɽ͸УʶҲ֪ʥҪá
ʱţȥڵʮ꼴ʱͻȻƴ䣬ɢ˶ɽһֱ֮ͬ䵽ɽϿգڵ̨
ͬǸߴǧɵ̨һ𣬱ȫ֡
һʱ䣬ɽӿеĻĻ۶̨Ϸһ޴ɫС
תγɾ޴ۣڶɽķƬȫϯ˹еģ򻺻´γ˾޴©ϡ
һĻ˶Ծޱȣʶµʱ̣Ҳ˵߻꺣ӡǣҪˡ
Ŀţڵ̨ʯ֮ϣһ·Ƭ̨һ̨˸⣬ƺҫ
߻꺣ıˡ
龰ڳ忡׼ʱҲ𺳣
ΪǸдʷʱ̣ʷ
ԽܵǣʷģȻһ࣬ôǻ忡δߵĴС
Ľúܶ忡ж˴ܸС
ʯ֮࣬ʥ֧ǣǸеԵܡ
ǡ
ͻȻлῡָգֻɫ֮УɫɫϢת̫һ㡣
Ϣƣ
Ĺ̳һʱ䣬ģϢ˴˷ɢб仯ܣڶķģЩɢɢ鲼ʣÿһö̺Ĵϣļ¡
⾳ıԴɵķġ
ڳܣҲмǿߣǳʶǷۿķǶ¶
⼸һ˵˶׷ЩתķģǴ޷̺֮ܵȴʶЩĵĿ£ΪǹϢǣǵѪ֮
ıԴ
ܶɽߣȻûʲôĶҲ֪ɽ̨֮УҪ
߽
ۿſзŵԴģЩ߶ۺޱȣַģܵõһö͸ĻǶĺô֪ˣ
Ƿ׷۲ܶеĿ۲ЩģʲôʱͻȻ䣬мת󻺻ĳۡ
һʱ䣬ӿЩģ·𳤾ˮһ㣬ȫڵλϯȥ
ţ
ǣ
ܶ˵ɴ۾ĿųɰǧķģѪ֮УͬѩƮˮһ㣬ֱʧ
صĹģƿĹ衣
ƬݻɷģѪ⡣
⡭⡭
ܶ˳ͣ˵ˡ
ҲдĿܣ۾ˡ
ôıԴģǵõһöΪ㣬ϧȴһڣȫһԵˣ
ǺεȵĻԵֱ˼ʵѪ
Ұһöã
˴ض㡣
Щģ׭ڣΪһ֣ڻȫ򣬵պΪľȴЩĵٲĻ°빦ڶɽȫ󣬵õһԵɾʱطϴơ
˺ôҲ޹ֻ忡ܴضˣ


1855 鵽
߻꺣ӡǣ翴ֻһݵḶ́Ƕԣȴ·ޱʱ䡣
оһɲǣѾǸתĻ֮УķƬ۶
̫һʱͲ򣬾ȫţһԼڡ
ʱһޱ΢״̬Ȼʶ״̬ȻΧһ
ⷽԲǧĶɽÿһľÿһߣǵı飬ǵܵЩڶɽľϣС棬Ҳĸܵ
ⶼ
ڶɽԲǧеǵ֪
л֮УһɫҰ
һ̣һΧˣ纣Ľɫ糱ˮһӿ£һŽɫıɴ衣
һһѽŽɫɴץסˡ
һǽɫҳĸƪ
ľϷ켺𣬱ɹˮ
ƪǽɫҳĵƪ
˵ֱӽɫҳڡ
һʱ䣬һɺ嫵Ѫ⾭֮Уת
ͨµ֮⾳⣬Ѿͬն
ʮƪɫҳڹ͵ı֮⾳˵°빦
棬Уܻƿһз
ԿΪ֮Уÿ˶ľף͸Ϳ޶ȵķԼǱܣò
ʥ䡷ߣ·ߵµˡ
϶͸ľ硣
һʱ䣬ڵ̨ϣ·ΧƵ߻꺣ӡǣϸԣ
͸˷֮ȴھúܶ˲⡣
СӣҪʲôǫ̂ϣǶ͸ô
߻꺣ѾԲô
ܶ߶ּ̨¾ͻľòϢһʮ꣬ߴ꺣ӡȫ£ڵ̨ϣûѹ˼ܲᡣ
ڲɫҳ
ʱһĽ̾˵ڸղط֮УܶΪֻܿĴϣΪһǽеȴЩ֮УһŽɫҳͬһƽһû壬֮Ϳʼˡ
һߴ꺣ʮ꣬м侹ȻϢּ飬ֻǿȣȷʵ˼ʣ
ڳߣĻһ΢ţ֪˵ʲôˡ
һɫҳĻ꺣
ѵͲۣҪϢ˷߷ߵ˵
ǽҡͷ˵֮⾳Ѿﵽ˼ߵľ磬ƾ֮⾳ΧջͿԲԼĻ꺣Ϣ
ʮʱ䣬̨ϵķΪһֱͻͽȻ˵һֱڶ״̬Ҳˣ״̬֮£ȻңҲһֱȥ
ܼʶˣǧ֮ǰﵽˣǷ֮ǵԿķʱ״̬
ʲôʮ꣡
ֱܶˣ״̬ǺܶһҲǶʮΣʮΣһܶ򼸸ʱ㲻ˣܶһ죬ǿ˵һԵ
ʮ꣬Ǽֱ޷ˣ
ôֵǮ
и̡
֮ǰڵĽЩ˵뷨ҡͷǶʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ԵĽ״̬ÿһγʱ䶼ȣȫʱ򣬶˵ǶһΪ̫ǿҲΪ̨ķ̫һȥ׽״̬ϧ֪֮ˣȴ޷̨ϵķͬ뱦ɽȴûб°ᶯЩصıأֻܼһЩɢʵڲ̫ˡ
ǽ̾ţ˵ɽķңʵֻ˰ˡ
ʵ״̬Ҳ࡭ֻǣվһ
˿ʥʱʥȫ͹֮УͬʥŮ
緢һУһ֪
ʯսȭͷЩʥ֧ǣжܡ
ʵʥѾ㹻죬ȻκиˣӲİʥȥ
ǿįġ
붨֪£۾պǼʮȥһһ㡣
ڵʥҲˡ
ʱֹȥꡣ
һգֵҹʥڵ̨ͻȻ͵ĹɢǾ㵵ֻһʥ֮УתŴΣԼԿصĹڳƺŮĸתЩ֮һɢ˳

˼ʣʥҲڿ˵߻꺣
ؼ䣬Ļ۶һ̲ɫĺˮ̨֮ϣˮ֮УˮϺˮݾӨ͸Ϻʮ㡣
ķϢںˮۣγķģЩģˮ࣬һж֮С
￪߻꺣֮Ҳ˷ģ
ۣΣһ
ķģھ޴Ļ֮УʥķģڰĺˮС
ӿ꺣ʱʥֳ̨󣬾ȫͬˣһ˿ʥΨȴһͰ
ˮеķģʼʥڣһʱ䣬ʥȫԡںˮ֮Уˮɷ
Ƭ֮еĺˮҲȫûʥ壬ʧ
һ̣ʥ˫ƮƮ̤УŮ˼䣬Ʈݳ
ʮ꣬Լ֮УȻ֪綼ʲô

ˣ
ܶ˼Ҳ˶ɽֻǱˡ
Χ߼飬ʥδ⣬ʵʮǰʥʼʱ򣬶ɽѾʮֹϻǵϣϣѻˣЩԭ̨ģΪʥҲȫͣʥ
ô˹עҶɽͻȻʮ࣬ʥҲûκƷζʮʱõĵ
ҡ͸̨ķȻֻ͸̨ıɽһǣȷ͸ˣҲҰת֮ɽܹ࣡
ʥʮ̨֪꣬ѶȣֱҲ޹ֻ⼸ʮʱ䣬δ˽ߴ꺣ȫ
ʵѶ̫Ҳ޷ɡ
ʥĶ˽걾ġʥ䡷ټߴתǾߴʶ⣬ﵽһ˼ľ磬£̨ҲǷǳǿ͸˴˴̺ķС
˸ûȻԵҪܣ


1856 Ӯ
ڻʮرǿ꺣ӡǣѶȼֱզ࣬ʥҲЩֲסǫ̀
һʥ޷һˣȻһȱ
ԺлЩͷʥȴ̨֮ϣƺûн
ʥһֱΪǿʵͬ׵Լ۶⣬ܱԼǿ
̨ʥѹġ
֮ǰʱʥŻᷴӦ䵭ʵĺܶʥΪȻ
ڿ֮Уʥ⣬Ҳûоʲôɾ͸УϾ棬ӮӦõġ
ȻͷԺлûͣͼϢʱ䣬ʥȴͻȻһ
ԣ
µ̨ߴ꺣ӡѾ𣬶ǵߵ꺣ӡǣͬͻʹգҫ֮
ǡ
ʥ𾪣ôˣ
ȻѾԼһ͸̨򣬶ڣѾõ˽ɫҳڲɫҳֻڲЩѪģѾ֪ˣ
ʥȴոյ߻꺣Լȫܣ
⵽ǡ
ʥȻƵᣬкγûн·տʱԲһһսʥãʵй֮޲
·ʥû䡣
ڣɽ̨ԼԼóʥȴˡ
е˼顣
ûԷƱҲû޷ܣֻǾš
޹ȫ֮Ҳûõɫҳ
ʥл򣬽ɫҳֻһţȵˣ
һͻȻʯ֪ʯǻʥصĵӡ
ʲôʱ߻꺣ģ˶ã
ʥʯһʥȻˣ
Ȼǻʥصĵӣδʥйκν֮ǰֻԶԶĿʥһ۰ˡ
ʥȻΪԭ򣬵Ҳʯ
ֻʥʵ⣬ʯ֮ȴЩɥˡ
ʥˣܣȫʮ죬žһŵʥȻˣһһࡣ
ءﻰʮꡭˡꡣ
ΪʯЩ
𡭡
ʥ΢أ̨֪ѶȣоԼѾ˼£ȴ꣡
ôģ
꺣֮⾳е߻꺣⾳ںϣʥ޷ôڶ̶ʮʱ䣬һС
¡
ʥһδϸо˿£˻֮⣬δˣָоΪʵ£ʱʵԱȴĳɾҲڲ֮䣬ڳɾ֮󣬲ٴڷɣУȻСʥ䡷ԭ
Ǵ츳£Ī
ƽ飬ʥ̾һ̨Ͼ
ģƺУڵķĵطȴ
ţ
ʥüһĵ
һ˲䣬оƺһģޱȾԼĶ

һæصľ֮
⻹״ܹоԼڵˣԭʥɹͺ鿴һ£û뵽ȴʥ֪ˡ
ĸ֪Զܱȡ
𡭡ʥ΢΢üʵΪԼ֪ˣֻܽղǹصĻᵽϡ
֪ΪԲȴΪղ֪ǹɻ
صСŮæʥȴȫԼ
˹ƽ¹˭ȴ˵
ȻʲôԭĺСŮҲĻԵʥվǰˡ
ʱ򣬺ܶΪʥϧš
Ƕڸпʥԩԭܹ½ɫҳΪʷ˵ȴֻһѹȥ
ٶʮδȡߵĶɽɫҳȴֻΪ֮ʥʧۣ֮ܲϧô
ʥ˵ڰתһܹӮ
ʥ֧ɲ˽ۡ
ЩۣʥúҡͷԼɵڰתĳɾͣ»ߵĸɡ
ѾʶԼˣʥûʲôܲ˵ģڵȣɫҳꡣ
ڶ˺ܴȤƺҪ֮У׻ȥδӣ
Խɫҳ򣬳һʱ䡣
һ֮˫ۡ
˫Ŀ֮УƺɲǼķת֮Ϣ֮ϢϢ㣬ϡ
ԵŽɫҳĲԱ⣬ִﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
֮ǰΪΪҲȫⳤʮ֮Уˡ
ֻʮֻ꣬򣬶ûͻʥڣ¡
ܸ㹻ʱ䣬ҿġʥ䡷õ񣬵õġ顷Ҳںϣﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
лͷʱһͣǰоһĿԼ
ǰĿԣĿڿײ˲ʳ˼̻ʥ
һʱ䣬û뿪̨벽˵ȴ֮⣬ҲƷЩѪ֮зġ
ôģ
ʥ촽ֱʵ

ûѣҲû˵СŮȷʵΪűҵġ
ˡ
ʥҡͷӶĻ꺣֮УɳŽɫҳ˿һƮϡ
ԼǸģ֮󣬽Žɫҳң֮šһȰ㲻Ҫȥ壬ʥսʱ䣬ܱԤĻҪ硭
ʥ˵仰ƮȥֻʣŽɫҳУ˿һĴУޱʵ


1857 ֻ
뿪ˣɽ̫Ҫʱȥںϡ
ʮʱ䣬ڵӡӡѾɢټʥ棬Ѿˡ
С뿪ɽ֮󣬾̥Ǿٴݣһȫµݣԭս
ڶɽôãԭսѾһοˡ
ֻΣΪԭսɱ˻۹ѫֻΪƬǺӹս
ûоκˣᳵ·ԭսĹɭ֣˹սĽƣС
ǰǰ·˺͡ʥ䡷ֵ߽ĵط
ѡΪֵģΨһһͬʱں·˺͡ʥ䡷Ϣĵط
ҰĺܴҪޣںϣ߳δ߳·
Ǻӹսѵ֮ء
Žɫҳ˹Ѫ굱У˿ľһλɮž
Ժֻк̺ĽɫҳںԼ֮еģЩɬġ
ΣҪĵ⣬ڻҳ飡
ŵǺӹսѳɷǺ̤࣬ǳشȥ
ǻ澫ӡǿĵطһոտڹǺӵеһǳˣϥ
߲ԶҲԻ
һ֣ΧһɹӡͱŮţǾʳСһ㣬źŮ׷ȥ׷ûڡ
̾ķ֮壬ܿһз򣬶ҷӡ׷治֪ʲô
ܿں⣬չҶӣʼġ
ܿ죬ȫ֮ľ磬ΧڡΪһ塣
ԺЩɫҳϼصĹžĻɬּɽİ̺С
̨ĶЩ飬࣬Ҳ˫ĿʹˣֻΪзḻݣѾУ޷԰Ρ
ɫҳ޾ǰĶܹһĴ߱ϾڡҪʱȫڻͨܡ
ÿһŽɫҳֻһֶѣ·𶼳˯Уɬ塣
һҪһĽһʱĻ
ͷüĴĵĹɢ·һֻ۾
أ·˹ȥδвЩ·˻лսӡڹͷųĹâԻ
ͫǰĿ
Ŀ֣·ʮ棬һе΢Ͳ
ЩʶɬĽɫҳϼصĹžּĿâҫּʼĴ·ųձɢ
ÿһּһڵͷųİ塣
һʼɲЩǽģ궼ܵЩžĴ
һЩּʼ޼᲻ݵǳ͵Ƥϸ֣ϸ֣޾ľ
д룬ǳΪҫųա
Ѫ⹹磬꣬顭
ʼԽԽ⣬޾ϢϵĽӿ
棬ڽɫҳԽԽ䡣
һأЩǺӹսĻµսӡ˶֮ڿʼ˸ĸӦ
Щӡ˿˿Ƶ鶯ޱȡ
ÿһﶼһλԶ档⻭̺ʩչһЩʥ䡷塭
һŵĺΧ޾ĽɫһӦЩӡӳյһƬơ
һĸУ԰Ρ
桭ʱա𡭡
ģЩƤĹžʼ⣬Ѫ⡢Ĺ궼ڷ⣬һ
Щ֮һޱȹ״̬ȫľֹ
ֹͣѪҺ̣ҲƳȫʧ
ݼŵڡǺӹս·УµǺΪһ塣
֪ȥ˶ãƤѪ⿪ʼɺԣһȦȦ·ְӡǡ
һ׶Ͼ߿ӣ϶Ҫһ
ֲ֪˶ãƤʼ䣬ɳɢؼ䣬ȻЩƤ֮£ȴӤ㾧Өļ֣ͬľ괺
ʱţϵѪԽԽʢͬĵرⱦ˸֮ʢޱȣǿÿһκ³¾Щռҩ
Ḷ̵́Ĳģһת
Ͼ̶ڱ֮ʱ
˫ۣ޾ĺڰǺ֮У峺ƺǱǳ
ڷȫ㣬Ȼȴпҡͷ
ϧֻĺŽɫҳûġʥ䡷ûк顭ɫҳֻǡʥ䡷֮ƪǡʥ䡷֮ƪûп֮ƪվûа취򵽼£
ͨһԡʥ䡷е˸⡣
ĺ飬򵽼£ǾͲǽƤô򵥣ǿȫ࣬Ѫܡ
ǲ
˼µʱͨɫҳ֮ƪתɻǿѪµ
һҲת䶼ı䣬ĸıع
ʥġת
ÿһ͵תֻһΡ
ܾŴֻأ㽫ת¡
ں֮꣬޳֮֮䡣
ġʥ䡷
顭뿴
вʣͬ޺ͽ飬Ҳһδת¡
ϧ飬ôòʥҪĻ˵ʥܸؼǣʥҲûк飬Ӧ˻۵ϡ
ǻƽĻԵҪû۽ĻԵ͸ˣǿô
ȫ£Ҳֻħļֵ˺飬ȻħȻҲǲܵ顣
εҡҡͷһ֣޾ϣγһɫĳۡ
˺Լڣ뿪Ǻս
Լֹȥ˺ܾúܾãԭս¶ֱպϼˡ
˹սֳɭ֣Ҹʣԭսڵʲôʱ򿪡
ʱͻȻһͣס˽ŲԶһƬˮ񣬵ģһˮûУޱȣ˵š
ںˮΧҲûݣֻлɫĺһںӵ֮ϣֳֵˣںд
ԶԶȥһꡣ
ıӰפã֪ΪΣϣܵһϢ


1858 
꣬ϲûзϢҲ֮ͨΪҲǺܸߵӣﴹΧĻƺںһ𣬼ΪЭ
΢΢ȥ
Ȼ֪ĿڴƬžһĺԱߡ
ô
ͻȻڣѾ˼ߵľ磬ܸܵƬʵһƬûˮݣϺ׶ûУǾ͸ܵˡ
ûС
Щնһ˿顣
˵ʱûлͷԿŵ͵֣һ˫ͬŮһ֣ʮָ޳ָ׾ӨŵͣȽͬһ㡣
˫ֵĴָϣһİָָԿŷķģضӡ
û㣬ڴʲô
⣬ѾԿ϶겻ⴿһֱ
һ⾳
ǿնĸо
֮⾳ô
ʣƬĺˮ֮У̺Ȼ֮⾳ˣ֮⾳ǻԡ
ǣҲǿԶѣɽ̨ر𶼲ݣһ΢֮⾳ʵ̫ǳԡ
ǰ꣬أǷˣȴﴹ⾳⡣
ܸʲôһƬѡ
ûðȻڣϸĸΧķջȷƬûκϡ棬λþͺͨһƬɭֵıԵشĻҲǿںףһЩȥʬǣҲѾȥʮˣ˻ʯ⿴ЩĻʯҲȷЩǰҲͨˡ
ۺֻ֣һΪͨ
ȻѾȷû½ۣǷʵƬʲôرô
ҡͷûʲôر𣬺ͨ
˵꾹Ƿ˵ͣת
һݾ㵵ɫ
۾ȻĺޱȣֻнľߣŻ۾
ȻƤ⻬ȴƺϸܵµţ·Ǵһ֮ӵľͷ
ƺڣһޱȲϵꡣ
ǡ
ʶһͬʱʮ־֮ġ
оԼһϵ꣬żȻ
Էݣȴȫ֪
꿴ûлش𣬶ԹԵĵĿ̫ǿмֵĶŻ׷޼ֵĶƬ·Ƕ࿴һۡ
ĬȻ֮飬ˣ
ɽЩõɮ˵󣬵׷ľһ׷ˡ
꿴ǵ۾֮У޷ӳĵӰȴоԼƺ͸һ㡣
סȫʮ־衣
ǰ˭
˳ƺֻǿ΢΢ҡͷ
νһ·Ʋɵ㲻һеĳ۷壬Զͬܣո¶ͷ֮󣬱·
еñʧĸ򣬲ȫЩЩͨĶҪվһ̡
Ƭ𣿡ĬȻܸоĻ֮У̺һЩһʱ䣬޷ȫᡣ
νͨĶʲô
һЦûֱӻش𣬶ǵ·̫˳˴ۣǲͬ޵Уһ·裬սʤ֣˵δʧܹҲΪľޣ̤۷壡
Ļͬһ磬ļ䡣
δʧܹ
ɣǣףʧȥ¡
˵޻Ƶ֮ʥħ½
ĴƣЩϹħͷᡣ
ڤν֣α
ЩĿУʧܣֻһЩС۰ˡ
֮·̫˳·̫٣һ·裬ƿ޷̤۷ô
Ļûȥ׷˾˭
֪Է¶ݵĻԼȻ֪
ʱѾվ
ֳֵͣĴָϵİָ̹⣬˫ĿҲ̺һѰζζ
ӣԷһ˫ǵ۾Ϊ̵ӡ
ר̵ң
΢΢һˣʵԶԼ֮ϣȻ
ֻһЦȥˡ
̤ź棬ʧɵ֮С
һصĲ꣬ʼոһľĸо
ָ磬ˡÿ¡
ڲѾȥ֮ͻȻһӵǺ
㿴ʲôһʵҲܿĶ
Ҳ֪Ҹҿһֱ´һͱ֡
긦˵
š֪ˣպ㲻ҪƵ֡
ĻһЩ²⡣
ҴҵѯԭսߣȷԭսĿʱ䣬Ҳ˶֪˴˴Լչصʱ䡪ʮꡣ
Ҳ˵̨Լ֮ǰԭսսѾƬԭʮʱ䡣
ʮƳ߶ԣʵֻǶ̶̵һ˲ѣǶԼ٣ȴѾȥ˰ʱ䡣
սʱܱ
뿪ԭսػضɽʥԼĻϵص㣬ֻҪضɽʥͻõϢ
ʥΪ˽ɫҳʥ
ˣ
ҹʥͻȻ٣
üһʥ
ʱʥһںɫĳۣ˫Ŀ·̺ǳںҹӳ֮£ʥҹ֮Ů񣬾غ͸߹
ҹϰϰʥƮ̬䣬Ѵ⸱У롣
Ǹصꣿ
ʥѯʣиƶ֮ǰĲ²⣬²⣬о
ʥĬĬķʡ
ˡһʥһ˿ı䣬ǲϵꡭǻ۰ɣ


1859 ʥ֮̾
ʥ֮ǰʻʶǱ˼ʥʶˣͬʱǿ͸ľĵز˻֮⣬벻ڶˡ
ǣ
ʥͷܲ³ݣ⡣
ۣʵƿߣ죬Ȼв񣬵ϣԻΪ
ضɲɵ˼¡
ûзֺӦҲûзħɡ
о߳亹ʱ񣬵ֱ͸ĸо
ħԭأʥ䡷ܿ
˳ĴڣȫϢĻֵܷҲ
οǰõϢӦûħ
ۡΪר̼ң
ȻʣרƬϵ
˵·̫˳̤۷壬ԴΪȻȻɲΪ۵Ϊ˵仰ΪָΪ
˵䣬һֱƵĶʥ۾ʥĻشǹغ飡
̫ǿˣȻͻûκͻ˵ǰѣȻʵԶԶʱƿˣһע񾪾塣
ʥ̾Ϣûлش
ɶʥ̾ʲô
̾ˡ
ʥġ
ĺΪ̾ˣ
ʥҡͷ
Ĭ
һӵʱ䣬ʥͻȻĿǳ˸
һΣɷԸ壬һУһ̤ͬ۷壬ȥ׷֮·ȥһʮĴ磬Ϊף
ҿԱǰ·ˣʥ䡷ˣϰ֮䣿
ʥĻջ֮˵֮䣬Ըܵһεǣһˡ
֪ΪΣʥͷ΢
һֱ̣ĸоʥϺΣ˸ܾ̾
ӡУʥһҰģĻǿŮӣʥһϵнӴȻ濴ʥദ죬κϧ
֮Уһֱʥ˵СħɡǧŮʮ֣ôʥοֶ
һΣ֪ΪΣоʥ˵ģģǷĵֿܾĻߣȴƺ˵ڡ
Ϊĸоʥ˵⻰ƺ¶˺ܴľģһѯʣܾˣƺ;ܾʮҪĶ
ۡң
ʥĸ£һһٵķʡ
ʣмҰģôܸԼһľ֣
۵ʣˣҪѡˣҲǲѡΪԼ
ۣĲֻͬ㣬ԸԸ⣿
ʥԴǺûнֻֿ֮ͣУΡ
һ̣ƺǸ߳壬ĻʥֻһŮӣϧ
Ҳ⡭
ͳʥı֣⡣
ʥҡͷֻʣĻشӦһеʣܾպټ¡
ʥû˵ȥˣ¡ֺĻݵĸоƺ˵ʹһ㡣
֪Ӧʥܣʥᴫġʥ䡷
ԣеĺô
ܵô
Ѿһνġȡʵ͵ȵȫɳɾӽ񣬵㹻Կʥ컯ʥʣʱ
ʱ㣬Ҳѡȥһһ׷۷塣
Ȼʥҡͷˡ
ܣ
ܾĺЭأһ͡
Ϊʲô
ûʱ䡣
ʥУһֽ
ûʱ䣿
һƺҪƽм¶һ̣ԺֹĸˣֹСħɡǧꡢ룬ֹ𡢺ֹ־иԼĻԪ𣬺ħӺֹ壬ˡ
Щ޷ġ
ˣһĸ壬Ҫᣬõ˵Ͽɡ
޷Լȥµģįʵ۷塣
ȥĹ¶
ⲻ
վҧҡͷ
Ǹ
ͳʥһ˿ʧ֮ɫı˫ۣǹ֮£ë΢΢Ĳš
ʵĻشѾϵǾͲˡ
ĵһ̾Ϣʥת嫵ǿա
׿ԼһںɫȹƮչɢ
ؼŮ񣬶컯㣬ȱȻһ̣ǳһ˫Ŀȴ¶޵㯡
ΪҪȥ֤һΣ
ֻǸԼһɰɡ
һֻ˻ķɶ֪꣬ǰ棬ȴɲһеĳ֮С
ңҲһֻɶꡣ
ʥͬʵǹ⣬ҹա
ĬȻȷʵǷɶꡣ
ʥǿŬȫǱȼҲ޷赲ʥֵĽŲ
ʥԵĻ棬ʲôأ
Ļʶ
̾Ϣǵʮ̤֮꣬·ȱҩİ壬Է˵ûҩΪ͸֧зϡ
Ϊ˳ＯҩǮƣķȥСᡢʦΪûܾۡ
龰ǡǡ¿ˡ
ʱ¸Ҹ棬ʥơ
ҼǵáһǷʱһλ˸ңҪǿȥ䣬պһӣֻڴϣҵĻشǡ
ͬһŻ棬ϰ֮˱գеĿʹΣղֲ˻ΪҽԡֻһֻСķɶ꣬ҲԥĳŻУȥ֮һϣɻ˵Ļᡭ
˵ⷬȴ֪Ǻζ
֪Լʵһ׵·ѡһ;·֪ܲߵͷ
ѡ·ͬʱҲƺʥȻ֪ʥк֮
ҽ˵Ļɡ
ʥͻȻƽת۾еʧѾȫʧȡ֮ģǱĮȻ
ƺղģģǻþƺǸ˲ܾ̾ʥûгֹ
߳£䣡
һֻڿ֦ҶеС棬Զ֪ĺ̫̫֮࣬·ʵ۷壬ǽڽ£ԹЩһ֮ˣʾȴʧܣο㱳Լ壬ԼԼϼѵ֪ʮǰķôǾ˽ܣκˣΪսϧ̾
ʥ̾ţҡͷҲǷҵ·һԼȥߣԼѡ಻ڣ


1860 һȥ
Ļʮƽȴᶨơ
֮£ʥӣ˶þòԡ
֪ʥеʲô
ָоգʥֱպټξͻ᲻ͬ
Ľ顣
һ֣ҳʥ
ʥ飬תȥʱסʥһ£
ʥפ㣬ҹУ˿ԡҹյǹ⣬ȫ˸͵⡣
и⡭ѡ񲻻ش𡣡ԥſڡ
˵ɡʥĮ֪סҲǸı˾
ʡҸߣֻߣǸ壿
һֱ֣оʥƺ֮ÿδ˷˸޷ڻ壬нģеͬѰ
ȻҪʥͬôʥԼ˵Ļگ漰ĳء
ʥĮ˵ѾܾˣȥѯʣôңǸ壬ô
У֪
ĻشܼᶨʥͻȻתĵĿ⣬ڱʯһӣĿӣеļᶨʥɲǼһ
ƺһ˲䣬ԭѾģůǲıֻһ䡰֪ڻ˿
ҡʥģ߻죬ȥһطҲػ磬һȥ꣬ԶⳡٵУһУɵ顭ôʵʱҾ֪⼸ǲܵġ
ʥҡͷ֪ǲܵ飬ȴȥѯֻΪ˾һ˿
ȥȡܻź
ʥҪģҲĴ𰸣Ҫֻǡź
꣡
һ
գҲһʮ꣬꣬ʱ䣬𣬶޷֮ã
ʥһ뿪꣬ʵĬˣͻʵ뻳ɵ顣
Ϊʲô
⣬طʮ죿Ƕʮ죬ŵĳɳҪ̨Ϊĳһ̶ĵطһ꣬Ϊߡ
ôʥѡ񣬵Ϊʲô
㲻Ҫ֪ˡʥٽͣƺͻȻʲô˵ԭŽɫҳҲˣɱ̫֮ǣǸģǲ
ʥһ˦֣һɫС
ӹһͷһ
öʮŽɫҳĻܣ
ȻǷƵģǷƣҲΪΪƽɫҳҪ񼶵֣ܷ³һϣҪĴʱ;
𣬸졣
ԣöļֵʵŽɫҳʤ֮ϾɫҳѾˣԺ
ңɫҳʥҲ˦˴ߣٲһžͱ׷ɱ
£ڻҲûʲôˣϾ岢ǵжԣֻΪ֮ǰԭսһЩ⵹㲻ʲôĴټʥЩ˵壬Ҳ²͸Ĺϵû˻ΪС¶ðſʥΣ׷ɱ
ƾһ㣬ʥǰһæ
ллԵ˵еȻοֵԭɫҳ˺ܶ࣬Ͼȫ
ֻϧûеõ顣
лңԭɫҳֵ֮ϣֻǽװˣƽףǷ
ʥ䣬УһݾȻζĪѹ֡
˵֮ǰʥһϧ꣬ôڣѾˣ˵ʥ⡣
պֻ˷ǣǻΪУҲ֣ϧ̫ˣҲĻ㡭
ٸһϢʥ壬ֻжʮˣֹȻִѡ·ִȥɡ
ʮꣿ
һҲʥ˵ʲôˣΣӱܣ´ң壬Ҳܻȥ
֮ǰ˵ʥ֮ǰ̫ŽżսҪô˵ֻҪٹʮ̫꣬Žżе̫壬ͻᱻʥ峹ѹˣ
̫壬ǰǰЩĺᣬǿһ֧̫壬ӵּ컯ʥʣҪɵ֣
ʲô̫壡
𾪣
̫壬ҲħӵĹĹŮ壬ƺԪֻ·һԭҲΪ̫塣
Ǻʧˡ
ŵ˵̫壬ʷ壬̫ꡢһǿ󣬿ɾޣһӵ츳죬Ԫʮ
һʵ壬ǿԸӣȴ͵˾
ǿ壬޷ȥҲֻû䣬ܶ˶Ϊ̫ǿΪݣʶġ
̫Ķ顣
ܴ½Ϊԭܴ½п׷ݵ̫ġһ塱ȻһѪѾǳˣʵϸӽ壬걻ƵͶ·һͰ׵ıӻ£ܸչǳܴ½֮ս
ڤ׷ɱҲ󣬾󻹽ԼĽܷѩľӡ
ֶ飬ǣʥ˵̫Ҫʥ峹ˣܵ
ƫƫ̫ˣֹ
ҡôȥ̫Žż
ҧʵ
ʥЦһȥͶΪ̫գ
ʥ̵ú飬սȭͷָ׿۽Ѫ֮У֪ʥ˵ʵ
һεģΪԼСе
һʮ꣬һ·߸裬е
ס޻ơڤӣЩޱǿĵˣԶ꾳ĵˣһһܣʥ壬һ壡
Ҫʱ䣬ܽ䳬Խ
̫壬𣿡һѾƽ³嶯飬֪ԼҪ侲
ǲ̫ܰ壬Ҳ̫Ҫ˽ϸսܵ㡣
Ҳһֿܣܲǧ
̫壿ʥ̾Ϣ̫صĳ嵮񣬱һǿһЩټּʥ̫ʥ汳ȫԵģûĸԸȥսƷ
ʥ壬̫һ֮Ŷֵģ̫˵ʮ죬ԻͣӴ󣬵õ壬ڵĻ塢ʥǻ̫һ룬ǰôῡܺ;ߣҲΪ̫츳̫ǿԭ򣡿ϧһӴϵ壬գҲѲֻأסħ䡭


1861 
ʥпƺҲڸпԼˡ
֪ʥʲôҪӱ꣬϶ʥмҰģ˵
һֻڿ֦ҶеС棬Զ֪ĺ
С棬ǻģݵǲ֪ؼ仹бѩ
ôأγһ
ǰЩǣƾ춯أǿõ龰ôڵʥ컯ʥʣ߳ƣֿõδ龰ô
ʥҪøãȥ֤һУ
̫Ȼû񣬾Ȼʥôãƾνġּô
һŷּв컯ʥʡ
νġּ֪ЩּǶ̫µģݴЩּУ·µġּһ˵ǣ·ˣ̫
ʲô
𾪣·ˣ̫壿
ȻΪأǰǰǰ塢ʥ塢۷嶼ûֻ̫΢һԱС壬ǲ㹻˺͵̣·˺͡ʥ䡷ľ۵ģơʥ䡷ǻȣʵֻԭ洫м̳е˳Լѡ
ʥķ̣Ļ΢ƺʥԻ߲ĳЩ֮Աǡ
ԭˡ
·ʵǾޣʮʮ޵񾳽硣
ֱǲĳɾͣԻ塢塢ʥ߶ԣˡ
̫岻ͬǵꡢһǿ󣬿ɾޣһӵ
һ㣬·˵֮·
ʵ·˴ڰǰôʱ䣬ܹνѣʷҲģ
ִߺȥ׷Ѱ·˵ĳ壬Ǻʣ̫Ŀġ
ͬģʥ䡷ߣҲһµĳ
ʥƺ룬пϹʱĴʥͣ壬ѪܷʥǾԷԼĵ֮·õĴ棬ǰǡܹ񡭡
ʥƽ֪˵ġ񡱣ǳɾô򵥣ǳɾǳԽ
Խ̸ףڵ崦ںƽĵ̺Դδܳɣ
οڣҪ٣ҲʧȥУ޾ƴɣһСģ𡭡
һһ⡭ʥִ˼죿
ڣһֱ֪ʥʵкܴ
أһһǵʵȴѷڻ壡ʥʮֿ϶ĳ˵ԭ棬һԣ̫Žżø󣬱Ͼԭս̫Žżûеġ
𡭡˵ʥأ̫һأһأô֪棬ֻʮءʮ棬ô
ʻ䣬Щʥһ壬ֻʣһˡ
ȻĻӴ󣬺ֲܶ࣬ʥͻУ˵ūˡ
ڻǿΪ۷ƣֻʣˡ
ʥҡͷûô壬ʮ죬кܶغģЩǷңЩԪϡЩǱޣЩϹʱսµģʵЩ⣬ң˳Ԫϡޱ鲼ɱȻؼ̾ϢǽķָʮһεֻҲ̫࣬ó֮ˣѽ죬һۻ廹ʥ壬ѽչȥγڵĸպ󣬱Ȼƾ̣ţ鲼ʮ죡
ˡ
һȻǰԻ͵ʱʱʮ¶ϡ
ȻΪĳЩԭ򣬺̫ܶûˣʧˣصʼ㣬·չʱĸ֣ԶԶǰࡣ
Ҳʱƣܽеǰǰõĳ̶ȣȻҲ˥ܡ
ʢ˥ܶʼƺһɡ
ִ·ˣʥ䡷ľֹ
ôȥ̫ڵ棿ʥȻʥܿսʥ̫ҲܿչôȻȥ̫ŵķ
ҪȥʥüԭֻʱѾ޶࣬û뵽ȻҪȥ̫塣
ǣ
ȥ̫壬Ŀģ̫ܸ·йأƾһ㣬ҲҪȥһ·µּʲô
ʥ֪飬ǲܸıˣԸˡ
ҡͷ֪¸һ޴һ죬ٱһ;ϣܱʥϺá
ʥ˵ţӰ޾»֮У·̤֮С
ô뿪ˣľȻߵòһλͷ
ĬĬĿʥʧʣͻȻ˵С
´μ棬ξΣ
±Ǩӿ֮£ɼ
ֻһֻĳӥԼķ籩޷ԶգȻʥʵǿ󣬵ȵɵߴתٴ̤𾳣ʵսѾӽ
ǼˣУԳ֮أ¶㯡
ʥ˵ʥԼһֻ˻ķɶ֪꣬ǰ棬ȴɲһгС
˵İ£ãȴܻᳬ֪ɳУ
Ȼ֪ˣҲᰴԤĹ켣ȥΪǸֵıģ
ֻȻף̡
ֻں쳾ɣһ˻ǰ


1862 ̫
ָ磬ҪôһӵǺ
šҪˣһлһΪ⿪֮աޱֺʥѾȥվǿ֮£Ѿפʱˡ
ߺǴĻ壬뿪ԭ棬ûȻҲܴڣȴһʧȥ˳ĸо̫ŰڵĻĺ棬δܷ̫ã׷Σա
ټδһ뿪
šҡ
Сȭͷĵͷԣһ׺Ϊħ֮ԭ򡭡
Щ꣬ħ£Ѿ֮һ˿بŲԡ
Ҳʥرһԭ
Ŀ˺һۣƮƮ𣬶Ȼͷӭ޾ҹ磬ɶȥ

һ档
УԪЩϡֻ߳ɵӣУȴ޾ĹŵϢ·أѾꡣ
Ƭǳ࣬ܶǳϣȴ޹⣬·ҪϨһ㡣
ĸ֪ȴ֣Ƭ֮ǿ֮УǱźܶڶڶȥǳֲ֮һΰУҲ޷ٳˡ
棬ƺѾĺˡ
齢ϴǰипǧ磬һڵľˣܶͻ½Ϊڶı־֮һ
еḶ́ޱҪǧ֮á
û뵽̫Ϲڵӡ
ʥȻѾжԣǰŻʥصˣʥϽ棬̶ͽƬ̫档
һУ̾Ϣǽʱһ֮á
ҪһοԽУǳףĿռŲĵľʯһЩҵ
ʱ֣ǿ֮Уһ޴
ͨĿ֮
֮УܵһϤϢǺ纣Ԫ
ʥ壡
վסʲôˣ
޴ǧԶĵطһȺʥ߼ٷֱ
Щʥߣɫսףֳսꪣìڵ齢Χʵʵ

ͷʥߴ󺰣ǿա
ɫĴ齢ƮѾʹ̥Ǿıòԭ嶼ȥˣǰ޷
ţͬˣĸģЩڵʥСӣҲʥߴͷȻܿαװ
ֻһɢߣǰ̫սĥԼѡ
ǣĴսĳɵģһ߶ɲսսĥԼͬʱҲԵõмֵսƷ
ڣ̫壬컯ʥǣͷһʮϵμӣټĽʥ
ЩһųʱӴֻҡ
ܶʥߣʱ֮УΪеһԱ˻ĥԼһ㶼ͻأ
𶯡
ͷʥߣȡһ̣ɨɨٴȷݣмϸ
̣̥ͨܿǾ
ûκηӦʥʿͷӸһơ
ӹ۾һƳдǣʿţʥһǧŰʮˣ껰£һţ
һ֣ľսģȷʵֻһľţһǧʥ
ʥս𣬰ʥ¡
µĴս֮Уܹﵽ񣬷𵽵Чʵ޵ĺܡ
ƣʥ֮С
ʥҪΪ˴̽鱨ֻ̫棬ôһ磬ûеͼû򵼣һ֪
£ԼĴҴһǧ궼δҵ̫塣
ʥľţǾͲһˡ
ʥд˼ʱ䣬˺öоѵսϰ
ս˵ȫͬģߵ£ݵѵܽһսСӵʵһء
ѵڼ䣬һֱԶ޴ΪĸеɢſµϢУӦʥ򣬶껰ˡ
ڵʵȻӴӶӲ
ѵ֮࣬ӾʿĽ̸У̽˺ܶ鱨
ԭ̫Ҫӡ
̫棬һʮ֧̫壬Щ̫壬ǰǰ壬Ȼûˣȴźĵ̡
ֹּ̫ĳЩҲС
ǿģ̫塣
ڰǰ̫ͬһ
ݴʱʮ죬ռʮ죬ռʮ죡
壬ʮˣд棬ڰ״̬
̫ʱ壬ʵռ干档
ʥҪ̫棬ҪвҲ壬Ķһеȼ֮·µּȫش
νشô򵥣棬ǵıԪѾ˲ĵز䶼ֲһشԪܿܶǵʵɼӰ졣
Ȼ֪ôȴûŪôȥ̫壬̫壬ϼ壬һƬΪǺĵط
Ǻһ޴ϵĺģϵѾȥϵĵشռ籩ͺڶУϤ·óȻȥһСıڶȥǾ֮ˣ
˽Щ֮ǲ⣬̫壬ܹƾϡٵ˶ʥô꣬ȻЩ̵ġ
Щ̫ܸʥһ࣬սҪȫ෴ˡ
һֱĵĵȴ̫Ӵһ¹ȥһգᱻȵˡ
һ֧̫Ķ飬ʥĳ鵽٣ǵģڵĻš
ʱȥǰߣͬһȺʥȥΧ֧̫Ķ飬õǣҪǻ׽
ϣ
ʥ֮ǰӵľʿ󺰡
㣬ĥĥģǻΪϼôξҪвξľΥߣ
һ껰ʥأǡƾʵβ룬ʱƴյĻǴѵ⣬ֱӶ֡
ǾӵĴͳӸȫͬġ
ʱʥ˰λʥͷһӣ껰״ӣΪ
󣬻ͨоͰղźĽҲ껰״ӣֻǵλ츳Ⱥѷɫ
սָӹ١Ҷ
û˵κηϻ֧ţ


1863 
̫棬Ǻ
Ѫɱ糱
һɹɻ⼤ͬɺ磬޶׳ңᴩգ
ꡢꡣ
ݺķľҲУƬƬСǴڱ⡢顣
ԭµʴ͸಻һ쳣ҵĴսֱĪɵĲлΪɻҡ
ʥսģ¡¡¡׻صһƬϵ
ء
Žǳǿգص޾Ǽʥ߶־
ŽǺսĵطɱ˺ա
켣ʥߵ齢У·Ƭս̫ڷս˻
Щ̫壬壬׷ߡ
̫ߣֻռ˼ټٵ
ݴ壬ֻʣǧˣʮеĴԣ˿ڶףǧ׺һڶ㲻ϡ
ʵϣǰ̫˿Ҳ࣬ԶԶȲڵ壬Ǹʱִ̫Ƶ棬Ҫ̫׷壬Щ̫ǧ򱶡
̫ǵһЩǿˣ
ִ棬ĿԶҪ١
սĳܲңǻͷۣͻͣ޵УѪͬѪӲƹϣͷ˫£츳սˡ
ôǿ߾ۼһÿһѪڣںޱߣս
ǹȻǿȴʮǵĵˣͬϰʥ߰Χ
ЩʥҲߣһ츳ѪǿѧУ׷Ѫģս£ҧ¹һѪ⡣
Ȼһڷս˫ȭ֣ǵѪºܿ챻һû
һЩʥֶͨηָƣأ
սǼңȻõƣʥߴλսܻᱻʥҳһҳģɱǿ̫٣ֲУȥ֧̫áа⣬硣
Щ̫׳Һʥײк£ӿһĪȻͶҡʮ֮ǷҲ龰
Ŀڶ࣬ԶЩ̫ܹģʥ㳹ռҲܽɱ
ˣǧ֮⣬С磬ʮڹ½磬Ҫ壬һƴޱȵĹ̡
ʥʵҪȫ壬ֻҪĴУɱΡľǵ칬ɱгաľţϣô㱻ȥ˴ˡ
պȻкܶ˴ҲֻһΪµ壬ʹӲд
ղŵĴսôǲʥµľţҵһݵ㣬֯ΧۿҪʤعƣλնʮߺ׷ߣһʴսõսƷս㱨ȥԵõ»ᷢķʹͣ
ӵĴҶĻ˲ʥߵļ飬μⳡսΪľǻԵ;
жȻնʮ򡢰򣬵ǵĶ֣壬̫壬׽ǣҲмʹͣ
ҶĻòѪڣһ㣬Ҷ⡣
ǼеⳡսȻģ󣬵ս˳Ҳջ̫ꡢǱɾƷҩ
һȺ˿нЩˣʥΪ漰ĴսʥʵС
Ǿ㿪ս̫ڼңڶĵطںڰǱС
ˣ
ҶͻȻһ֣еʥ߶ͣǰһڰգαװɺڶģø֪һɨ֪ʵֻǻˣ̫һݵ㡣
֣
źҶһȣһٶʥһ֣Ԫᴩգ̫Ĵֱӱ˺ˡ
¡
µı죬ʥǰģһ磬ռз죬зݡɽأߡ
ϿⲢʲôսݵ㣬һ䡣
ֻ̫ͨͨĴׯΪлˡŮͶͯ
ߵ츳ȻԶ壬Ҳ˶޵ʥ֮УҲƽһЩߣȻҲԶķǿܶࡣ
嵥Ͽʥ塢ûʲô𣬵ڵľȴȫͬǱҩ
ܻ׽ͻ׽׽ˣͳͳɱʬߣ
Ҷ´Уһ˿Ѫͷ
ǰׯΪ˷ܣΪڴׯУŮͶͯ
ŮǴӣɲô
ͯӣҩЧѡ
ʥ֮˽½Ůͯӵļ۸񣬶۸ʮֹ
ȥɣ
ɱǣ
һٶʥͬһ֣ͬǰģ츳죬ҲܵһСׯĳ̶ȡ
ݣ
ͻȻ䣬һգһǰʥʥֱӱ̴ţ˵嶼ɳȥ
ڵɹУ͸ʥߵķΣѪ磬һ
ţ
ҶǷһȣ˼һֵ꣬ǲ
ҶζĿڴУһֳֳ꣬ԷʥڵΪʥڣܹһɱʥߣʥߵǿʵǱѰһš
¡
գȫսףսϰ磬ǷŭͲ
һֱ߳Ӿͽһʥʿ߳ǧ֮⣬ߵǸʥ߿Ѫ


1864 
ιһסɻһʥߡ
һĻҲһֲ죬츳Ѿ˦˺ܶˣһС䣬˽ܣе̵Ĵţָöô¡
ȤҶʦ֣Ҹ档
վںҶĽЦǰһ˳ǹǹȼŻ档
ʥɫأܴӶԷϸܵµϢеġҶʦ֡ȻһµĶ֣ԨƺϢļ£
̫Ĵ񣬶¶Ǻ;ɫǵĴӸûжսôܵϰٸʥͼ
̫ʥʲôԹѪͯҩ̫Ȼʱ˫ƾϯ嫵˻
٣Ҳʣɣԭǿʳ˭ѪⶼǱҩŮ˫¯ռдԴǹȥѾԻ͹ˣ˳ʷ̨ˣʥ𣬴Ǿ˳ɣ
ʥЦ
걯ߣк죬ͻȻεضֱϣ
ȻҲҪ汳
ţϵѪ⿪ʼŷҫ۵Ĺ⻪貶ĿƤʼɽɫƤ֮ϣзɢ޾ΰգӨɢضİϢ
ѪһоѪȷʵ·µ֮ѪôһƣȻ·ȾͲ̫ˡ֮ǰʥ˵·˳壬ǿѨˡ
٣ȻѪһεնɱ㣬ʹˡʥܵʥѪ̲סһϲ
Ѫ˵ѪˣѪѾһЩѪȻ⣬Ҳֵ
ջ񣡡
ڳʥҲʮ˷ܣڻţһ㱻ɵսԵԭЩԹΪʲô̫ıҪû뵽ȻһСﶼӵѪˡ
֣ӵѪ꣬ΪʲôС
׽
ҶˣϵѪݡ
ʱš¡һ͵ı죬ˣʽͬɽХǵصѹʥ
ʽüΪͣն˺ѣʥԭЦһо΢΢ɫȻ֮ǰʵѾܸߣڿ»ǵ͹
Ȼʥڣͨвʽ
ҲֻвˣϾΪ̫ʥһȫѪ죬Ĺﳤһѩ׵Ĺǵ˸طģһֻ⬡
ʥ߼Уʮձս
䣡
˻ײɫ죬Ѫ˿ȻΪһ󾳽磬ȻֻǱѹƣûбش
ôǿ
ܶʥ߶ˣͨʥڣǵײһΣȻֻѪ˿
̫壬Ȼ鴫еѪ壬ǿµ˼£
꣬ʥսһȻޱȣÿײᱻʥĹǵѣ¶ɭȻ˿ڡ
꣬ƺΪ£ȻˣȴƺƾһԽսԽ£
ʥʵȶԷǿȴù£Щܻˡ
£
ʥ߾̫̾Ҫ˿Ŀףͻᷢʱ䣬Զв
ֲܹڰǰ岢ռͷ壬ûĸߣ棡
ʥǷ׷ۣǲò壬ЩۣҶüͷһ壬Ƕұ죡
ҶȻҲļʥǿ󣬵ȴ붯ҡģҪˣҹζ࣬һϣƷ
Ҷڵ׼Գ֣Ҳ˽ͬҶһƽꡣ
ݲһ㣬Ԯ
һĻׯЩˡ
š
սȭͷŮкᣬս꣬Ϊš
ΪһЩڲԭСʹӵǵĴׯﳤһʼû֪ŵֻһͨĺӡ
ŸׯһɳӸŵĸ飬ѪŨˮݡ
ʥ֣սձ̫棬ѾӵһЩʵİֻص˴ӣҪý磬´ӵƽŻתƵȫĵطЩ黹û꣬ǵĴ־ͱʥ߷ˡ
ŵΪ̫ˣԸһΪǿһӽɣ
ҡҲ⡭ս¶һ˿ŹЦݣֱϵĹͻȻɳɺɫâ
һΣյϢȫ
ţãҪȼȫѪֹҶ۾һ
ȼѪҲ޷ʲôвѪȼ˾ͷˡ
ţ
ׯ˱ȼȫѪͬɱ
Ȼ֮γԱȵģʥ٣СӣѾԼˣѪǺö˷ѣ⣿
һʥЦžҪ֣ʱ򣬺¡һ
Ȼľתͷһֻڸ߿УһǲôϤʥգٵǸոսͨͬʱʥ󣬻һʵĽ磬Ƭ
֮ϣ˸Ÿɫصķģȫ
㡭ʲô
ںҶߣʥЩ¡
ϰٸʥߣҲԣǸоһ˿Ծ
ƿĿռͨͬʱһ罫ռֶͨΣǳɵģ
Ҫ֪ʥҪʹģʹãҲô
ǰʥõģҶ
Ҷɫһӳ
۲İʥߣôκαװԷΪ塢ò١
һ֣Ȼǳں⡣
ʲô˼㵽˭
ҶɶԷǻļϸ
ϾսŵıԴӣĻʲôϸҲΪ棡
ȥͨ½ʥֽ꣬ĬĬĳһ˳ǹȻʹ̥Ǿˡ
Ǳôãڲų֣Ϊ˳ʥ幥ׯʱ򣬲˷磬֮ϣĿЩʥߣһӲ
Ҫ֪̫ˣʥ壬Ϊˣ
ò̥Ǿʽȴڲزס
ңΪʥڣսԱΪټʽһϢ©ȥߵʥһս¼ʱ컯ʥ֮ȫһӲ³
һʥ֪Լ̫棬ᷢʲô飿

γ֣ԼΪҪǲѣȫɱȴף


1865 
Сӣ
뿪ͨȫɱɢܶʥ߶ŭˡ
壬Ҳȫû뵽ʱͻȻı仯
ţʶǲģ
һŮŰŴİѾãʵϣŮӣ԰űаĽ֮ģֻݲ࣬ûԽ
ǡҲʶҲ̫ˡ
ЩԷֱΪԷֻ濴ʥڵĻôǰôǿߵĶ֣
̨֪մ֣
˵ʥԣЩ˵Ķ֣Ȼ仰ո˵ʱˡ
о޴ǳһͿǣͬʱԼڵ׻֮
֣һ֧ʥĶ飬лдһҪӵס

Улʣг磬ĳ϶ɫݺᣬ죬˵
ʱһǹ̳ʹõǹȻǰǹ
ôʱ䣬ʹðǹȻ˵ʹָҲܹʱˡ
ˡ
޴ħֺԪ̷ֻķģͬһתըѣΧʥȫ֡
ۣ
ʮʥߣֲ֮£ֱ飬׻֮ճɷɻң
̶ǵꡢħֺԪֻˣ
ʲô
һĻܶ˶Ȼɫ䣬ǲµǿ󣬷򲻿׻ȥߵĽ磬Ҳȫû뵽ǿȵز
ʮʥһˣ
󣡡
һʥ󺰣Ѿ
ʥʿٴУһͬԪһһɫѪ
ʥս󡪡ʥ֮Ѫλʥߣһʩչ춯أ
սͣʺϻš
Ѫ͸Ź죬һ־ͷԪһöССĹǣ˸ޱɭĹ׾ķġ
ЩԶǣת۳ǧɵİ׹ǾˣϵΧնһڡ

׹Ǿ˳
˿̣ü֮䣬ųĿĹ⻪һöĿĵĵĿ
Ŀ֮£׹Ǿڵе㣬ͲԲָ֮ƣ
ţĥǹǵжྫĿ֮£¶˲֪㡣
ְֳǹֱ廯һǹ磬ֱӹᴩ׹Ǿɴ

һ죬׹Ǿ֮УԭͲȶṹ飬̼䣬׹Ǿ̮ˣ
⡭
ܶˣλʥɵĴ󣬾Ȼһǹֱӵ٣˵ǣ
ⲻܣ
ϰʥ޷ܣһ˵΢ǵսð벽Ӧԣȴɵƽˣ
Ϥ˰׹Ǿ˵㣡
˾ȴ޷ô˲俴սġ
ǸӦʱѾ˰λʥķ֮У

׵һʥֱӱһǹͷ­
ţȫӿƲɵͬȺһɱ
ԭξһжĴɱ¾棬Ѿᳵ·ҵʱڶɽԵľţҪЩʥʥǿ
ʲôˣ
ۿ˲ɱ˶ʮˣͬħ񣬺ܶ˶ˡ
ȾѪʬ꣬һЩʥߣѾ֮ģЩŵߣμսΪ˻Ե֪Ļ˭Ҳ

Ҷˣۿ¾Ķ飬ŭ֮һ־ȫԸǣֳƬȫѪ죬ͬѪħ
꣡
Ĺ޻ڵײ˶е˶Էֲ
ҵײͺҶ˿Ȼʱ磬ӰɳķԪʯ̥ͻȪ̥
ҲԵĸıòڵòһ
Ȼıòķôǻ֮䣬Ҷʱֱ档
ţ
Ҷд󾪣ۿһģһӰ֪ķȻʱʽϣԵֿ
ʦܣ
ҶǲһеĳȻĶ֡
͵ײһֱӵɳȥһش
̫ľѾȫˣǵȻ֪ʥĽʲôʵôǸֵ꣬ʵȰҲû߶٣ֻʥڶѡ

Źâô˻ᣬһֳֳԹΪնɱ
Ҫᣬ
Ĺңòնп

һҽУһղűشĽֱӱ͵Ϯİţնһȣ

ǽֹ򰢹ţǰԭͲ̫ͨ࣬Էǿ֮ĩɵˡ
㣡
չ˿񹥣ǽǶ֣ڽڰˣ
ӣ
˺ˣǸɱҲ֪ԷǺηʥΪʲôǵĶ
Ҫֻ֪껰µһţҲһС䣬Էʵôǿô˼С£ĻǵĻǱֻΪ˾һӣ
ټʮʥգʼõĽ磡
һʱ䣬ҫʣš䡱ҵһ޴ʯڽиֳ˾ųɵĹ
ʯŲԹۻ룬ǻԪ֮ţ
Ԫ֮ţһ㣬Ƿȴ޿ޣѹ磬ʲ
ʥǿǻԪ֮ų˴󲿷ֹȴȻڻԪ֮Χ޷ĳȻ˸âȴ
ģƺһ֮⾳޷֮УĴΧռмȡ𣬲ɢ
ôôʵ
ܻܶˣͷǷȴƲ硣
󹥻
˴󺰣ǽٶȴҴһ۵һ𣬽ʥ֮Ѫٻ׹Ǿˡ
Ȼڰ׹Ǿ˳ֵһ˲䣬㱻Ŀ㡣
һɲǣ磬޾İ׹һ𣬾һŵһɭȻ׹ϡ
䣡
ǧεĳײһϢɣ׹ǾˣȻ飡
ΰ׹Ǿ˹׹ǾȻȫ㣬ǹȴʵʵģĽ֧Ųס
ȥ
ɱɭȻüĿ˸ҶĵӰȫ
Ҷ㣬ȫ
ֻأ
Ϊսپҹζ࣬ʣһǹ̳Ȼ˽ɫҳҲڶɽ̨ĳɹ
һʱ䣬µ˺Ҷ
ҶȻһҶãƺһޱ֮ӣȫµš
ȫоԼڸ֮࣬
ۣ
һ죬ؿһԻõĸоʧҰֻǰɫĮǹѾ̴ࡣ


1866 ܲ
౻ᴩһ˲䣬Ҷı鳹ŤŰǹҵĳ鴤Ǿ֮ɫ
ʥǿûеһʱȥȻȴ޲̾Ϊһֱֲĸо
оһɿµ֮ȫѸţͷʧȥ˹ݣá
·ǧĸụ̀ѹ˶̶̼Ϣʱ䣬Ҷڰǹ֮£һŸİ׹ǡ
žžž
׹ֱӵڿоͽǣڵ֮ȫ˹ǻңһɢʲôû¡
龰Ҳһڶɽ̨֮⾳ֶսĽ
״ʹã
һǿƵʥ壬ڶ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ʧȥþȫ࣬ɢ
ٵõ飬ʥ䡷룬ֻصǲ
Ϊʹߣ𺳣ˣ͸͵㤵ˣ
ҶʵЩʥ߶ޱǼڴУǱȽϲĴڣɱʬ޴棡
ΪֻҸһС磬ôᡭ
ץԼĳ֪ˣ壬׶Լ츳оţͬУټԼȼˣʥڣͨǰԱѾΪޣǶԱǰصʥ꣬ʵ΢ˡ
ʥеʽֳʵֻʥڵˮ׼ûԽ
Ǹ𣬹ѹԼʵսôôģֱӶʵȫɱˣαϷ
ȡȵȣ
ۿŰǹ̤һڳʥ߶˵
׵壬ɫѾҰף㡭㵽˭ҪʲôʲôǶӦҪɱǡ
ʥЩ
ĮſЩʥߣׯʱһ־塣
˵䣬ɱЩʥȫ
ɱƣǽһҧֿӣƿ磡
˵䣬һֱܶеĽ磡
ȫԪǣޱȼھѪҪ壬ײ
֮󣬺ܶʥ߷׷ѡȼվѪصһ˲䣬ʥ߶ˡ
ȼվѪʲô
Ƿ׷ȼվѪҲû˸Ҷ֣ȫյĽ磬ֻҪƿƬС磬ֻҪӵ棬ٸʥֿܣǿҲȫ׷ϡ
°ɣ
ɱ
ͬһ֣
Ҷĵ֣οǰЩʥʥһһ浹ɱûֵܵƬ̣ºҶļʦܣǿߣҲ˲ɱ
⡭
ۿѪȾ쳤գŵɫ΢΢ףɱ޷ˣȴһѪɱ
ȻżЩʥɱ壬ʱź޲ýЩʥ̻ۿЩʥں޷֮±Ƭɱȴָевˡ
Ȼʵǿ󣬵ǲ˫ֱմѪȫȫɱԺ
ʲô
ʱһĮȻڰһ飬æתͷ
վһµְֳǹǹδմһ˿ѪȴѪȫȾ졣
һֻʥʥӣȫɱ
⾳սЩϢˣһɱΪ˲һ˿һ
ûûʲô
սеĳһһ־䡣
ڶ֪ĿģΪγ־ǡ
Ե˵ʴȣǶԼĲ̣κһ뿪Ǵׯֻ֣̤֮ƬһɲǣͻôϢݻȥһγɱׯˣ¾ǰ벽ˣʱҶҪ
һСׯᾪ𣬵һر˴ڣҲʲô˵¡
֪ǸųôҪǸ̫޲ɱɱ˵Ĵȴ֮٣֪ѵ⼫еҲ֪Լƺûж⡣
ԥһ£̽ʵ㡭ʥߣ
ܹоսʽʥͬ
ǡҡͷڵһҲʥ̫֡䣬ܷΪ·
żɽʵ
Ҫ̫ܲ˴·ôҲҵˣҲ޷С
䣿ſ΢΢Ȼ
ܲĻܣ漰ĴԼּׯҲܾôϡͿİȥ
һ£˵֪ͨܲʹ˹㡭
伫µ̳ˣʵѾ˺öˣĿǰֵģ伫ιҵӽ룬ұ߾̳Ľڣھо»Ŀǰľǹ伫β̵꣬ô֤Ϸ߲ԼάӪ
ڲ⼤뷢еļǰ׽룬òƵʱӦһЩʲôģڹԤԼĻʱ򹫲ĻҲжġ


1867 Ů
ӺҶ֮󣬰ڵ䣬ͲòǨˣǵλѾ֣вǣȫûǱȻҪ뿪
㡭ʲôˣ
֮Уһɫս׵վǰǰſеܲʹߡ
ҪܲҪȡΣһݲ˽ܲǷǳΣյ顣
ҳ壬䡣˵䣬Ѿݡ
ȥܲȻи̽ķݶδùЩˡ
òͻȻı䣬ܲʹ΢΢һƺȫûϵֵز
壿λôݴҲʥ֣Ҫܲ䣬ĪҪˣĽ͵Ǻƾʲô㣿
˶ѾŶˣӡ
֣ʳָָֽһĨһ
һͼΪŹֵӾСָ֣ͬһ㣬ӣӵĩˣһƴСĽƣһ񣬳ģһεͨףƺԭǶڱʯһĶֻǺȡˡ
ţ
һǡ
⴮ħǧŮĹҵģ
ʱνŮĹʱ򣬽ߣ򣬲μһ䣬Ϊ˽ǧ絤⴮ѺǮׯ
ٺһõ˵ڶǮׯΪĹϵֱȥǷҽѺĶҲȫ˻
ó⴮Ȼϵá
ɫ仯Ѫ⴮ôУ
˲˼ĿӦ
⴮һЩԨԴܲȻϸ˵ҰдϢ¶ܲλãֻҪΧĿռ䣬ҵĸ֪뼴ɡ
ָһֱӱջءڿ˰ɣ
Ŀһۣ˵ͷ

ǺĴźڶǣһҲ۵齢Ƭҵ֮дߵ·߼ΪӣδռУֱŲƵһط
ʼգ齢֮жΧԲʮɵĵطһ󷨣ֻҪĸ֪̽Χ̾ͻᱻܼס·ߣҲ޷ԼλϢ
ĳһʱ̣ͻȻо齢һ𣬷·𴩹ʲôϱڣߵϴ֮ǰ˴һ޴İɫ
֮ǰһΡޱȵĵܣ
˵Ϊֹĵܣǧߣһʯǳֱӵ̶ɣ
֪˶ܱ꣬Ѿµ⾳ÿһʹգǿҵ־
̵ǡ·ˣ
ܣ֪ܲѾˡ
ɣߴ齢һҪĴϣĪӣ
ϡĪӣ
Ȩȫ˽⣬֪ƺĵλ
ֺשɼˣԸܵÿһש϶ƿ󷨣ػáЩ󷨷ͬһ㣬õС֮УԵʹãػɽš
ԣվߣЩߵΪȫʥڣ·ʹߵһ𣬶еЩʥǣ¶һԽսԽһС硣
ľͷ֮Уһʱ֮ϣѾʮ峤ߡ
ʮˣŮˣȻΪ
ˣҲȫǰ벽𣬻ߴ
ʮ֮⣬֮Уվһ꣬ͨΪϢƺȻ츳
ʮŵĳߣڼ꣬ʮһɢΪӴѹѹ֮£Ϊߣһ̤䣬ͻᱻֱѹþ飬Ѫ
ҲǽŲ΢΢һ٣üͷȻѹܹܣϲ
ⲻǴ֮ڿĽ
ǹ°壬Ҫͬ㣬ͱӵͬʵ

һ̣ĳ߿ˡ
ʮ㣬˶䷢顣
ֱߣԷ󣬵ȴݣȧǸ߸¡ݣһͷ԰׵ĳһȻĸо
λ
жϳߵʵλȻΪʥ֮ǰ˵ӵ𣬶ּܶ񹹳в
Ϊ˼䣬ֿܵĶԿʥ֮
̫ˣʥڣ䣬ɲ˵ܼģʵܼϣѾˡ

ʵûʵϣ岻̫֪֣̫棬ȫġ
ȻûκηӦʵѪ

֣Ǵ͹ʳָ֮ϡ
֣ó⴮һ˲䣬ڳ峤ߣ۾һĿУһ˷ܺͼ֮ɫ
ڳΪֻнڵ꣬Ƕ⴮¶һֿ֮ɫһ⴮ǵӦûã
ҲǣǷ
ԭ㽫Ӧ黹壡ɡ
˵䣬վ
üͷһ壬սˡ
ŮĹ֮󣬲ȡ⴮󴫸ģοԻҲĬܣһ仰ҪջȥȻԸ⡣
ô
ûн˼ϵ΢΢Ȿ֮ĪΪУ
ϵĻâ
ɫ֮ǰȥ壬Ǵ˴壬ϵˣ̲̫˳
ֻһˣΪҲߣ弶Ĵսʲôãټ壬£ָӵһȺ𣬻ּǲܵġ
ɲΪֻΪһСׯӭ
Ϊԭ뱨̫壬ͬʱҲΪ̫סʥ壬ԴϢ֮
е֣̫ɲֻ֪ǿһΪëСӣһӵ壬ָһëСȣǲЦô
ǣ֪ԼòϿɣȴҲϵյԷҪŮ
ȻһȥͲٻԼ
ԶԶ͹⴮ļֵ
Ҳû˵黹ֻǡҳ壬ԭ䡭
ʱڱչأˣҿԴʥ˵ô˵ˣڣȰ黹ɡ
ֱӴƽͣǴϿȻѾûжˡ


1868 
ϣλ𣬶ֻʥڣм󾳽磬һ󾳽硪Ĳ࣬ǲһ㡣
ڴϿ˵ô໰Ѿӣȴûн˼еԼѾʣˡ
ʱ򣬴еǸվŵ˽Ųߵǰ
۾һЦ˵ĪӣλѣҪһׯұҲǲΪ㣬ǰɣ
Ȼȴвİ⣬Ҳβס
˶ԷһۣԭĪӣ⡰ӡ֣ƺһƺţĪ֡
һῡܣ츳ͳɾͣȻȰŸǿ
壬ҵĿģǲʲôȴҪҽǣǲǾͿԻȥˣ
ĻУ֮⡣
壬Ҫ˵İɣ˵飬ǿ̸ڴ֮ǰ뽻㲻ֻǿˣϣ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣ
ĪӵѾ˼ɱ
Цˣ̫棬һζԶʲô壿ϵ˵ˣʥ壬ҲΪ˽ˡ
õ⴮־ǣĪҪɣ
ʣʮ㣬ĸ֣еƺʵ⣬һԼԼĺ֮Ϸļ¡
ϢΧƺΪڳߣ΢΢ݡ
⴮ɣټ־ѾЩˡ
龰뵽ڳĳǣ΢΢һͣһʱ䣬侲һЩ
໥һۣĬ
˵һشĴΪмϣ
ȱһ
ܳɾĻʥҪ壬ҲҪΪ廹ּ
־Ҳ˵ʲô⴮壬㲻ܴҲûãҲûа취ͻ壬żɣɣⲻеĶʵ˵غʥĴսԡ˰ɣ±־ҲҪû
һϿˡ
Ϊλ
𾳽磬ԽսѾǳѣ壬ҲʥԽС磬𣬳ǾţʵҲ࣬λλ޷Խ
˵ĳϣ˶ԷĻЩȣʵܷңʲôã
ǳϻͷ˴һۣȻѯ
ϵͷ˵鱦ĺģǶ֮ʯϧ٣֮ʯбѣȴû֮ʯû˿ôʯС
ϵĻһе
ֵָĩˣһƴСһĽƣͨףԭڹĹеõʱͲ²ͨǶʲôڹȻˡ
ֵ֮ʯŵ֮У޸ͿԽԭֱǺƽֻ֮鱦ĺƽ֮ʵʲô޷ĴսǺƽ֮岻鱦ʵǿصԿס
أһʲôأ
ǰǰµĽأͲִСѵѵƽֻ֮ÿƽٳ֮ʱʹء
ⳤ˵̫أܶ˶֪
ããʱ֮У̫壬ֹһξƽ٣Ҳƺÿοȴȫͬǲ֪лʲô
񣿡һ·ˣ
ǣ
ϵĻشԺз·𻮹һ磬ģƺ˲䱻ʲôˣͨͨĿ
ָоǡ
ͫ΢·˵Ҳ
֪ΪΣһǿҵԤУҲν֮У
·µ񣬷ֱˡ񡱣ǣԿ·һ㣡
õķʽʵֻһԵ֡
·˵տ߲ڴ¹֣
ʮ죬޴У˽ܣߣԵ֮ˣ
Ե֮һ֣ԵȻ棬Ҳ֮ܵУԵȻ츳ףҲܵŶ롣
Ե֮ö飬Ե㹻֮ʱԻ֣֮ԵֲѰ಻ãЯöԵ֮񵽴ˣɿ߲֮š
Ե֮񣬼ȻΪԵôҪõȻͿԵ֡
֮У̺ĹԵ֮ˣԼȥѰҵҲĪĽ룡
лԤУҲǡԵ֮һ֣ã
ܣ·˵Ѿƾһ㣬Լˣеļ̳ߵˣµöҲǼõġ
𣿡
оսȭͷȴƽ飬Σȥһأ
ܼ롶顷ôʵͻͽ
ڣ԰˰ɣ
Ͽ֣˵Ѿ˵ˣغܵ飬һ¡
ȻΪ廹⣬Ҿһԭ
ڣѾ御
ǲʶ̧٣ԥĶ֣
Ŵϣսеһһٵ˵ԻǣиҲҪ֮У


1869 
ʲôҪأ
˵ɫ
Ȼܱ֮ΪأȻ弫ΪҪĵطܸһ룿
ονأǸ˵ǹغ
ޣغܽеģһǿߣѰתǸһɳҲҪûиλã
ϲ˷ѱܾѾˡ
Ȼȴе©ܽصģҧˡ֣ЦЦĿһĪӣȻǡ֤⣬ĪҲаɣ
ĻһѪĪҲһⳡ֮УܷʲôãأȻΪ
ĻĪɫ˲˵ǷУڲ飬ֲһָֻţ
Цһȷʵˣƽ֮󴫸ҵģ̳־Ҳҽ壬ûңض޷
˵䣬ȫԷӿϵĺƽ֮ĺӦһâЩâ֮ͬ⣬һֺعӵĸоƺâУһʷӻһ㡣
һĻڳ߰ļ£ǲ֪ƽ֮ǷѾǰΪǿԿ϶˵ģ־һ£ǧȷ
Ĳ࣬Υ󣬺Ԥϻᷢʲôһ޸ƽ֮ʱ򣬻ᷢʲô⡭
һ峤˽ﴫҪ֪ƽ֮鱦һ޸鱦ҪֲУ壬û񣬱Ҫ֣һּ֮ܽ޸
̫񾭹ˣҡͷﵱͼֻ·ˣ岻ܷܵħ䣬ûϵʥһţһ񣬵ºƽ֮Ҳʧ£ӦҲʵ˽ƽ֮壬ԲѡСӶѣΪĺľѪôΪһŵСӣùغĴƣʲôʧ޸ƽ֮ʱһǵģ
Ͽ϶˵Ҳϻ΢΢üô˵ûʺҲжֱӾܾ飬ƫƫ̫󣬿۵Ҫָģʵڲλˣ趨ʸ飬֪Ѷ˰ɡ
飿ָӷ֣΢΢ҡͷҪС꣬Ǹ˽ܣҲĪ١
˵ţڳ峤ǶһЩ˾òţĪҲ΢΢ü˽ϣ˵ԼȴЩˡ
ţֻʥڣĪǽ
䡢ΪĲ࣬ʸУֳ
ϡ
ĪӴȻȴֱֹ֪㲻ʱ̸ȿǵĿ飬飬ǵңһֿ飬ˣΪ塣
˵ǷһȣҲʱˣ֪ʲô
츳ǿ󣬵ı䲻ˣغѪĻҪԱ
ǰɣȻҪԡҪͨĿˣһͬʣ㿼˲ǾͺܱǸˡ
˹˵ѾԶ΢΢ü֪ղŶԷôʲô
֪λشʱͻȻոıˡ
һƺӿԭЩ𡢳ͷųѹȫ嵭ˡ
ţǡһȿµ
תͷȥֻһĳߣֳſľȣ
һͷɫĳ󣬵֮ԱȵģȴһףѾ̬ӣ֮һϢƺнľȻ˵ĸоȴޱȿֲƺһһ㡣
ʱ£
߽룬ĳȫ񣬹壬Īӣǵϥ£ڱЩǸһһʱ䣬ʣһվֱ壬ԵЩͻأ
ʣ
о죬ߣ޷ֱԷΪǰʥ˵ӦûҲ˵Ӧ
ǲ֪ΪΣ߸ĸоһľĸоӿֲƺ
ʱ£¹򣡡
Ϸŭĵ
ǶǰͳߵĹӦˡ
񣬸һĪӼΪˬΪߣȴվţš
Ī˵Щʲôʱʳ̾һ¶һݰ˼ˣ
šͷ֪ʵģǿɷʬ塣ƽͣò˯ˡ
ôʱ۾ϵı΢΢鶯ţƺһʱԽϢ
Ȼ֪ԷʬǸедʹ
ɣҴȥһط
ʣһۣתȻȥһط
ûѯʵҪȥֻǸʵܴϣܵһɷʺ벩ĴһɳغͰˣļ£ûĸϵõָо
߳˴һȺ峤ãȻҪȥĶ
ǰǡ
ס
ƽ˵ֻһ䣬ٶԡ
ͬĻһһַţʣʡ
ϧˣڿ壬ֻ˰źĪῡܣĪӾһܵĻ忰ǣ
Ͼ̫Сˣ츳ǿûӴĻҲ
ţʣӵоԼԽԽĵ¡
ߵĺȻȫһԽǧпռŲƣȴһһţŲİĵϣ
оԽߣΧϢԽԹϣ·ѾܾûЩصĵשһʷ飬ƾʱ䡣
ʱפ㣬˵ǵˡ
ʣվһصͭǰͭŵĺ棬ëȻ޴ģŵģľ죬ƺһµĴڣǣִ
Ųһ٣ͣµУ֪ΪΣǹĪıͻ
ָָͭţ˵ȥɡ
һֽͭƿһ̣оԼƿĲţһĹ
ڹŵĺ棬һ޴ĺڰ磬ͬڵԨ


1870 ϴ
һɭɭĺںͺڰУһڿڵͭŹףЩͭŹףþˣǱŴصҲ֪˯ʲô˵ʬ塣
һʮͭŹף
ľĸоÿһڹŹ֮£˯ſµĴڣֻǲ֪ǵʲô
ʱעģȴʮͭŹףһŹŹ׵ľͷһͷޱɲޣ
ͷޣ׳ȣצӷȫۼףɭɭĺڳëһͷ˵гڵĶħ֮ޡ
ܴڸоԨƺѪ֮·ɱ顣
ʱµޣһ˫̵۾֫׳֮ǰľ죬Ȼôġ
ħ֮ޣĪ֪ΪΣϣܵһ˿ʶϢš
⡭ǡŶħ֮ϲŵĲǹɺҲޱϤ
ǡ
ʣǾ¡
𣡣
ʱħ֮޷һ춯صϵ˲ı졣
µͬ籩һǷ絶˺յצӣѾ嵽˾ľ롣
һֻǿʣȴʵĴ𰸡
ʱʿˣ·ʱ֮ӵı˰ƮֽСԪ֮࣬ǰһţԪ𡭡
ʵĻͬһըף
һʱ䣬ȫþò
Ԫ𡭡ǻԪ
ħ֮ޣħ֮ѾɥʧȫûǣҪҪ˺Ƭ
ô
еԽܣ
Ͳ²⣬ûԴˣħӵĺҲûиȷĴ𰸡
ȷϵֻǣħ֮УûлԪʬ
ôҲû뵽߳ƣݺ򣬼ҪɾĻԪ𣬾Ȼ⸱ģΪλˣ
ʱ£⵽ǡ
΢΢ҡͷϵɿݵĺһһ𣬡꣬ԪʥشưܣʥҪ׽ԪѪ⣬ȡ龫ԪɱΧֻʣ˲ȱ壬̫ŽżĺڰԨ
ڰԨ
һ̫Žżȫ˽⣬ݴ̫ŽżԵʥܱҪԭʥ̫壬Ҳ̫żԭ
ڰԨʲôطʵ
ʵ̫Žżµĵطһ޵׵ʱԨдԨħԽЩԨħԽֲݴЩԨħǱĶ֡ʥ䡷һӡģǰǰƽٵĸԴ
ܴǼ٣һԿ϶ǾǺڰԨҲҽ롣Ԫ𣬱ڰԨΪưܣѾ;ƿݣ޷˵ѩˣΪ˻ȥһǴδ顭
ʲô£ŻԪо¡
һԨħ˵һ
һߣʱ򶼻ؿǣȶҪԶԼ츳õ£ͬʱʱҪ׼֤ӡĨɱɾ
Ǽ£ɹ֮Ҳֺ֢ϾԼ壬ȫݣ츳½Ϊչ־̫ǿһЩӡɶ걻ӡ룬˸ѡ
統漣֮ϹħͷûжƣΪԼӣѡĶʧˡ
ԪģԨħԨħһǿǾǶħĻҪᣬ̸ף
ʵ׼ȷ˵ԪǽԼưܵͬԼ꣬һһԨħ֮УԨħΪһ壬ڡԪѾɥʧԼˣԨħںϣӡ
ħΪһ𣿡Ԫв֪˵ʲôˡ
ԪΪĳЩԭĳ䣬ٵʱ򣬻ԪܹڹؼʱͻȻ֣ͻƣӽ񾳽磡
˵Ϊ壬ȡϢ֮
ʵ˲пᣬһ콾³
ĬĬߵԪǰһݡ
Ȼɢ޵ĺ֮ǻԪȻɺѪȣȫûע⵽ĺɴݡ
𣡡
һα
צͬĳԶǳͺǰСԶգ
צӵļˣҪ
ŻԪѪȵиеĪܡ
ԪԼȻδı棬ȴǶӰ켫һʦһֱϣţԪԼѵʱܰһѣȻ֤ǹ¶һˡ
ʥľܾԪ³С
޷ָôȻжԴԤϣǲĵһ䡣
ҡҡͷԪոնʱܱǣܿԣǺԨħȫںϣıӣΪ˱ֻǰ
ʮˣѾһУֻжʥĺ˰ɡʥ壬һУĺԸҲɱŮˡ
Ůˣ΢΢һ󣿡
ʻͷǡǶˣֻ·ΪֻصսֻصչһƽʮķԴΪһ磬Ч񡭡
Ԫ飬־ͬϣֶǾ˽ܣʶһļϣһͬ׷Ѱ룬˴మ֪
ģ𺳣
Ч·ˣһ磡
ǶôԸ
һǼɾľŮӣһӵкţ˽ϣпܳɹ

ͻȻ뵽ʥʥԼͬһ뿪ҲΪô
ʥͻԪơ
ǾŮӣƿ忡ܡ
ʥôȥҲܴһ磬Ϊͬ·һĴڣϧܣ
в֪ʲôоĬţͻȻһƬ֮أģŤ֡
ƺǻԪɶħ֮ά־ʱצӿġ
ЩѾϰʹʥͻеһУµݣȴ𺳣޷
һ仰߸֡ᣬݳħ಻ڣ
߸֣̺ı׳Ͳþԡ
ħ
˵һ̤֮·ʱĻԪĿ֡ƺǺ˭Ϊʷ飡
ʫεȵ緢ڣֻб顭
߸Աߣּ
һŵצ̳ɣʻͬ򾣬пԣִıʼȴ˵ꡣ
ɱɱɱɱУޣޣޣڣ
ѳħ޾һȻ磬֮ǻңʱ÷
ʱѣʱң֪гһգسʬ⣬գĪҪɱңĪҪңֻʥɱ֮ħʥӪʥ֮Ѫʳʥ֮⣡ս
ģԸ֮٣ֻԸһתʥ壬ҷ𣡡

飬ԸЯֻ֣أ޻ڣ

ּԽԽ࣬ԽԽңһԱʶ
ЩԼɢɭɭħĿģ
ֻߣ̺ͱͻԪκ˼˿ۿʪ
ã·𿴵ǰԪڰռʱʹ
Ԩħÿ춼ҪԨħӡǴʹԼĿǵʹ࣬
ԭĻԪ𣬽лԻ͵δӵкܴʷȻΪʥ壬һжˣİҲΪ
ߣĵһ̾ԪԨħ飬ܶҲ֪̼ǵ꣬ԪҪħʱɳԼѵʱ̣֮ǣֻΪĥԼܹʥһս
Ǹʱܵʹ಻󣬶֪Լܻһ죬֧ŲסʹǷҰ˶ϡ
Ԫȴ˵Ԩħʱ򣬾ѾϵĽȴȥΪħɴȫɥʧǣʬ޵ʱ򣬳ʥӪʥǿߣͬھ
ôȥˣʱѾȫħȫʧʥҲˣɱˣأȴʼղûԪȥս֪ʥ壬ضսµּû˻ΪʬʬǣҲԶ޷÷
ģ·޾İ˼Ԫĳ˵ŮԻԪҲͬԶһİ
̾һӣϸܵ˸ԪһϢټóƽ֮룬ѾȥԪսĵطõǵĴаɣ
Ǹܵڵĺ֮ŴԪ֮Ԫһ档
Ĭصĵ˵ͷ


1871 ˽
ӣ㽫ƽ֮øҰɣ޸ƽ֮Ҫµʱ䣬ο޽أõһúϧǻԪĴˣĪҪûԪĴû䡭
֣ɿ֦һָŲԹ⣬ʳָָĵĶͷϣǲ⣬Ķͷ۶һů
ûпܣ̺ܵģ־һ˲֮
գ⣬ü֮۳һصķš
ԸܵⲢһ򵥵ķţ̺һػ
ӡǺĴϢЩƣƺղŵʩĲС
һʱ¡
û¡ʰڰ֣ӣҸµʷӡٽ£Ļ̡̻޽ؿܶ˶ŽУȡһݻԵڴԱ
ʱ壬ȻһϣҲһЩ˵ľ֣ռȥһܻ˸̣˶㲻УֻǸӣ츳ãʵ̫ʷӡ٣廤ƽ
ʵ˵ţƺ˵һ΢С£ȴижû뵽ʻˣǼǵãõӷŵĪ裬üļ䣬ҲʷӡȴԼӡ¡
óһʷӡԼɡ
ĪӣȴԼʣֻǵһμ档
ǰ֪˵ʲôˣ˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
㲻عⲻȥʿ˼ҡҡͷ㽫ƽ֮壬ǶĴҡϸܵ˲ȵԪϢй֮޲
Ԫʲôˣֻȱһˣɳ֮ǰͱʥɳɱӡһҸ棬ֻҪţʲôҪֻҪܻţ㡭δ
˵仰ļתȥ
ʲͣʧںڰеıӰĪ
ܸоʵѾˡ
֮ͬвƺʱҪϨһ㡣
ôҲʶٶٰչ˵ĳߣʥ䣬ȴʼǣδ⣬ʺĺ𣬵ǴûģգغأƺܰһС
֮˽İͰ̬ӣĻ꺣׿Ԩǻۣˣľ䡣
ʲ壬ʳֻΪϿ㾡ܵΪṩĹػ߶Ժ󱲵ĺǻ
˽ĸ飬϶ٿ
ĸ֮˽ΪǸĸԼĺӣ֮飬ǰ˵ĺӣǾ̫ټˡ
뿪ˣڰռ֮УֻʣͻԪ
ڰУԪ̷۾ĿѪĹâ
ڻԪǰ
ȫɢɵĺɷϢһ˿˿֮˻Ԫ
߶Լ⣬ͼϵԪģ£һģԪ
ɻԪϤĺϢ֮£ԪƺһãеҲһЩ
ס˺ȫת£ֳ˺ɫķۼף֪ԪĿֲȻԪѾʧȥʶԨħǿƥԪ֮߿νǿǿϡ
һ̤նںڰ֮УѾɽķΧ֮ڣֻҪԪһ𣬾ܹ
赽˼£վ˻ԪǰһԶĵطԪ˫µ˫
ԪǰǵңҽĴˣ
ĬĬĴͼǰԨħ꺣ڻԪʶ
֣ţԨħǾ޴Ķͷ
ԨħĶͷޱȣſµɱ
һɲǶħͼϵԨħʶ
ħϵԨħһɲǡ
Ԫԭ΢ã۾Ȼųҵɱ·һɲǣһͷ̫ħޣڻԪѡ
ȻͣҲ룬屩˳ȥ
ͬʱȫȫӿԪһ޴ʯƾճǰǻԪ֮ţ
𣡡
Ԫһ޴צȫӳն˺ˣʵʵײڻԪ֮ϡ
¡
ƵأȻѾȫٺˣɱɿֲУĻԪ˲䱬飬ֱӳ
ƺһ˫۹ۣȫǵĺɫϸ˴룬¶˴Ŀĵ˿ڣ
ۣ
³һѪͬǵɳȥصײʮھ޴ͭŹϣ
ͭŹףͬ˵ǳ˿ײ棬޴ĽɲǸоԼλϣ
ȻԪڵɴڣƻ壡
ʱ֮ǰüĵӡǷɵԹ⣬һů紺ӿԼԪͷųıŰкࡣ
Ĵ䣬ЦһղŻԪһڹŹǰһء
Ӧʱ׼ټϷ˵ĻԪ֮ţԼӡǵػſĽ
ָ죬ȻûиʮĹҲ޷ԭġ
ղŶħ̽Ԫõ˹ʮǰϢ
ΪҪħðΣԶ֣ˣ˵Ųʣħ¹شǧꡢٷְεŮӣû˵
飬֪ԽԽãһ˵ӣЩ˱ʥץסѻ꣬ħͻᱩ¶ȥ
һЩۣҲõԼҪĽ
̾һԪ꣬ʮʱڣѾԭԨħȫںϣҪħˡ
ۻԪ𣬻Ԩħµ־궼ǿޱȣǰȻܹеľӡǣǶȥ꣬Ҫ꣬һǿ꣬Ʊ⵽ǵǿҷѾǲɵ
ص̾ϢһͻȻ䣬Уһ̣֮Уһ¶
¶˵ǿңдϲ˵壬磬ȡһöĵǺµ
˻Ԫ֮ľ룬һʱ䣬Χռеĺ֮Ļ۶ƿ֮ϣǱķģһһš
ԪѪ˫ö֮һ٣ı飬һ㯡
ͬʱ̺֮ԽԽңĸܵеСѾ˳Σһ


1872 Ԫ֮
һĻѾˣ
ȻνĿʵҲҪʱ䡣
޵ķԭһޱȵḶ́Ѿ̫ĽݾԲö̶̰ʱ䣬ɳȵز
˿̣Ź⻬ĺв֪ʲôζ
ղǶݵһɲǣԻԪ̽飬ٽ֮ǰʣʮǰ龰
Ѿƶϳʮǰܴ½һսԭʼĩ
֮ǰ˵ԪĹ磬ǣǴϵ
Ԫ˫ޣ֮γ֮ǰݻʱԴе壬ۺǡǡƣǺ֮ݻɣԪ𽫺ɷµʱ򣬱Ҫںϵ
ǣΪԪĹ磬ټԪϵʺϻԪ֮ĳ
ʶǣ˻Ԫ㣡
ԪҪĶǡֻص
ͬʱԪŮӡҲͬԪһһʮ֮Ĵ硣
ͬʱŽֻصת̫ˣ̫޷ܣ彥ħ䣡
˶ǱźҰģһУУ
ǣҲҰıӦĲŻĻԵ
ܴ½˵֮·֮·ʵδɵҲǻԪֻصĸڣ
֮·ϵʮͨʮ֮ͨмȡʮͨеɱ¾ʮħȹʵֻصķ
Ԫʮͨʱͨôתġ
һУޱȵ
ôȥ㹻ʱ䣬ޱ£ҲԪܳɹ
ȴ룬ΪԪֵܡ׷ȴͨʥ嵱ļϸڤӵķܷʥصҲǼϸٳɵģ֪һǵôԪӵкϢͨʥ塣
ʥ컯ʥʣϧľԪžʱĴۣӲĴ̵̾ϢǽʥĿһֵֻĶ׷һɱԪ
ǣΪǿд̾Ϣǽʱ컯ʥʣƺĻԪ˺ͬھʽûнǳ֡
ȻǾʱ컯ʥʣԪҲвȻΪл廢컯ʥʣСĽϼˣʥ죬ִ֡
һսޱȲҡ
ΪƻԪֻ׷˴֣ǵѪʬ壬ƿ˻Ԫģδɵֻص
սǶˣѪɱԭ䣬ǿ߽УΪ㹻Ӧ䣬Ѫɱԭɱħ½ļɵ
Ԫʥ׷һսսܾˣ
׷սʥඥҲԪǿ󣬳ǵ
ȻʥҲشߣҲʱʧġ
ʧȥ˰ˣʧȥ˺飬ķʱĻҵҲȫݻ٣Ԫң
ޣ
޵˼£
ʥ壬ɱ컯ʥʣʥ֮Ѫ飬ƫƫԻԪʵһУʵʣ
ûԪǣĻᶼûУ
Ϊʱ򣬱򴩵̾Ϣ֮ǽδԭʥ죬ͨŵġ
оԼѾ컯ʥʵĸ֪ǣ
һȻֻƲ⣬ȴɣڶɽʱͻȻԭĹһ
Ȼˣ컯ʥΪβǻԪ
Ҫ֪ԪõѾãþѾǿ󵽲󣬾ε֮һ
£ͬʥܷŹԪ
һԪ츳̫죬ľֶʥ⣬ɳĻҲʥսʱǾҪһˣ
ʥ壬ȻҪɱԪ
ԴˣԪҲǳҲоıǡ
ڴҴ´֮󣬻ԪһϣǾԼ
֪֮ӵᱻʥҵţսѺҲսµĴУҲܱݻ٣ͳ׾ϣ
Ϊ˱סУԪ𲻵ѣ컯ʥʴĿռͨʥ죡
ֻ뻢Ѩ
һУԪѾ˱ľġ
֪ԼѾٷûиߺ֪ܺԪѾø֪
ҲΪٻħӵʱѯʺԪ䣬ȫ֪
Ԫ뿪֪ʮǣԼֵ鱦Ԫ֮ţԪ칬Ԫӣȫˣˡ
Ŀ˫ãտݹǡ
㽫ԼĴ֮ģڣһʮꡣ
֪ôû壬󲻿ܸ
ôԶػסŮӣػסľ
ֱһ̣Щ
ԡʱʬһ㣬ͿɼԪ֮
ǵûԪµĻ飬ԸЯֻ֣أ޻ڡ
һ仰̺˶ٺ⣬ٲʣ
һУԪôȥˣź׷ߡ
û֪ȥ
Ҳû֪ѡ·ж¶౯׳
ʥ죬ԪȻٴ׷ɱ
ܣЩ׷ɱѾϵʥͨˡ
صΧɱͶ½֮£޷󣬻Ԫôᴩʥ죬̫Žżģ
Ҫ֪ʱĻԪѾû˴֮ģû˻Ԫ칬ԪӣԪ֮ţ
ƾһɱ̫Žżһ·Ѫ
Ԫѡ˺ڰԨ
ҲԪڿʼִֻص֮ǰȥ̫ŽżȥһԪ֪ڰԨ񶼲ҽ롣
Լʥã޷˵ĳ˺ڰԨ
飬ˡ
޷ڻԪʥںڰԨɱԨħʱ׾˶ĥѺͿ٣
ѳħֻʣŨŨĺޣڣ
˳һУֻܸп컯ŪˣԪһ壬߳صľȴ³䱯飡
ΨһֵοǣԪĴлкڻԪı֮£
ҲΪʥ岻ΪһµĴУܹıʲô̾ϢͨʧȥٵҪСĴۡ


1873 ѡ
ڰˮ֮
Ƭڰռ֮Уǰţһ˿˿ɵϢУһöŵĺڹ⡣
Ѿ죬ڰռ֮УԪ⾳ͬʱҲ⾳źĳɳ
ʱһʵĴƽ֮޸ҪʼˣڣҪ½ص
վ߳Ƭڰռ䡭

ɫĴׯϣͷԿк嫵ޱ߼ʡ
ڴ룬һʯľ޴ԲԲ֮ϣƿŹϵͼ
ʱ֮ѾʮڵȺˡ
˲˵Ŀ⡣
бĪӣĿ⣬üģʱ۾΢΢졣
Ϊüļӡǡ
ӡǣ
Īսӵķ֣ƺҪվʱߵȴסˡ
ϣôӡǣֻǸˣôܡ
ĪӵɫѿҪΪһʣһ磬ûеõӡǵļӳ֡
Ȼ˵ӡǵòǺܴ󣬵һݵζűϿɡ
µûѪ鸡ƺˡ
Ī߿ڣĪ΢΢һȻԡ
ʱѪȻѾԪһ֮µĴ˷ͬСɣࡢһЩûиԭ
Сӣ֪ʲôдʣ֮ǰʴ뿪Ҳ֪ȥʲô
Ī߷ߣļʣҵϵֻǸ࣬ʾȻѡ
Īӣܶ˶ע⵽üļӡǣһʱ䣬ܶ˽
Сӣƽ֮壿
üĵӡǣѲɻҲõһ޽ص
ܰɣ޽أֻǻҪ˷ȥʣǵľֻĸˣȫ𣬶ҲĪӣδȫյõһ
ǻۣǴǿ񣬶Щ
ߵʯʯ֮ǰһƫԶλãĬĬЩ˵ۣȻĶС
ȻֻˡĻ١֪ΪʲôҲҪӽǷʣȷʵ֡
ɨһۣڳʮˣ
ĸλ϶ûˣλλУЩģǱСģʵģҲǷֲ
ֻЩǿǰ;ΪЩˣڴзãҲܳδ
СҪõһϼѣ
ʱһȺ˽˴
ЩˣȫɫսƤֵɫ䣬һĹ
ķ˸һǺתơ
壡
ˣһԨ󺣣ɲ⣬ͫеâ˸ʵȻʮֵĲ
ţӭ֮
һڴϷʵӰ֪ʱѳ˴ϵϹһ˿ȻЦ⣬Ŀλǿߡ
ʵĳ֣һѾȫͬˡǹɳĺѾһɨ⣬ȡ֮һɲ⣬ǿŭһϢ
ȴʵıУܵһ˿ͬѰζ
ϴʼԼĺʵǷӦʵ״̬ڣ壬ȴȫһ״̬ɼ֮䣬ȻսѺͻ飬Ҳ˴棬һź
ذϫʱ¡
Ϊ׵ˣлһ̬ϲȻʡ
Ȼ˵ذϫλߣ۱֣ȴʲ˺ܶ࣬Ӧ
ʱذϫԨ纣ƣҲڳǿҪʢࡣ
սذϫ
ɫ̫ǿ۾ﲻâ
ж֮˵峤֮ĵۻʡذϫȴսǿߣǰǾս֮ơ
ʥ֣սƽŵ£ǿսɼν޽֮ӡ
ʣսʻصģ
ݼʱ¡˷׷׸
ǰҪԶĸӹ
Ǻ˿ڶ࣬츳Ҳ壬ĶǺռٶ٣ȻҲǱ̫ǿ࣬ǿһǿʢ֮䣬и˷֮ͥơ
ɫĴڣ峤Ͽǿߵ飬Ϊӡ
̫壬Ͳ̫壬ѳΪ̫߳ƵȺʵ˿̫塣
ʥ֣Զ̫Ҫֿ࣬ʥֵʢ
壿̫Ҫ壬Ϊ˹ͬԿʥô
Դǰˣܿҵٮٮߡ
мʵǷȻ𾳽ǿߣ˫ͫԣվĵӿ𵴿ռ䣬˲Ŀ
һϹͷضġϺЦ΢΢һ̧֣Ŀ˸ƽ֮޸ʼҪ½޽صѡ
Ϊ¶ʱ£֪ƾٳļλܽ޽أذϫ
£ѾɹŵȻЦ⣬תͷߣһʱ䣬˶Ϣ
д£ֻЩųȥȨֵõ˵
޽صȻҪһ˾ˡ
˵оȨֻܷӣؼǣƽ֮ϵʯʵУ
ʯǱȺƽ֮ıҪû޽ؾͶǿ̸ˡ
ذϫǿĬȻֻذϫĿ˸֪Щʲô
޴ĵһʱž
ֻ̫ĸ޽صȴֹλ
һЩǿߣ֪ԼѡиԶҲи֮ˣҪԼƽȥ
ʣһΪѵĲġ
ŶȻơ
ڣ޽صһˣ࣡
࣬䣬ڳߵĿ⣬ʱһϡ
Ǹһվ
𡪡ֻ࣬λ𣬵а꣬ǰ;ãδȻ̫ܳɾ񣬵ǳһ𣬻ûġ
ڶˣ壡
ĵڶˣһŮӣʵţòΪֻͣǳ𣬲ֻһǧ꣬սȳɾʱֻǧѡ
ˣ޺ۣ
ĵˣһ꣬ʵǿƥһ
ʵϣѡûʲô˵ģܶѾ²µˣڹؼǡĸ


1874 ּ
ǰܶ˸ûָΪࡢ塢޺̫ǿƣ
ĸѡ̫ˣ
ĪӣҲϣ
Ī츳ȻƲۣʵΪ۹̫ˣܱسţһ㡣
ʵϣչƣĪкܴϣΪ
⡰ӡķţǰ׵õġ
ֻĪ̫СΪҲֻнʵˣδҲûаŽţʲѡ
ڣƺգӽš
ʱ£ӦòڻͷôҪһָ˰ɣ
ܶʱ򣬸Ī趼Ƶ뷨ĪߣĪļʾҪš
ԼҲй룬Ǹоϣ
ĸ߲㣬ְְְǳϣְսսɱ
ղʵģȫսһϣĳϣҲûɶϣˡ
һ˫ָտȻĿϻɨһǡ
ƽ֪ġ
ȻˣȴʼδӦޱȼҡ
һʯǧˣ

˵壬ǿҲΪ֮ȻǶ̫λǿ߶ʮϤ޽أԻǿͬʱǱŲܽ롣
ʣȻʵǿ󣬵ǱѾͲԼˡ
ǿֻʥڵΪ֣Ҳû˵
ƼˡѵصĵѪսذϫ̧ͷɵĿһۡŹž·بµϣκõϢ
ԣǸͲ壬ǡ壿
֣ذϫˡ
ʥǿߣסˣ
ʥ֣٣޽أ˵̫Կʥһᡣ
˱ĻᣬҪԴսа
˵ӲҪֳһĻ󱲣ҲӦ÷ָţôܰԵָһˣ
֮࣬˲ޡ
ʱ£Ҳ⣡
һֱվˣʣǴ󲻾ʱңܶ˶˲ˡ
ʱ˼
гվ
ϣĪӶǿѹûʱĪӵ۾ˣȭͷѾյ¡𣬿ҧû˵
һЩ̫ǿ߷׷׳Դȥޱȡ
ֻǵĵǴˣƽ֮˭ûģ
жӹɡ
Ȼǵáʱ򣬴Ͽˣ壬Ӵģǡһ¹һ£Խ棬ĺƽ֮Ƕ飬ǵãҲˣƽ֮ģҲֻԭһ˵ǮƣӦΪоͲ˰ɣ
˵쾭壬ĿɨȴֻǳĬûб粵
һǷһ˿ʤ΢Ц˵ʱ£岻֮ˣΪӦøʹͣ屦ﲻ٣ʹ̫ͣ񹦣Ծ鴫ڡ޽أµģУҪ۵ˣΪ࣬Ѫ޽ĸԵ϶û̫ľӢһʵǱ
˵ڴһ󱲣Ϊʥڣûκãޡʱ˼
ϵĻʱ˺ܶߵͬ
˵ЩϣĸߣЩûϣ޽صߣҲϣһĻԵ
һʱ䣬ܶ೤Ϸ׷Ӧʡ
һĻ龰Ҳ⣬ղŵĻȷʵоݣϺȻӮͬ
ʱĪվʮ˵ʱ£ҪֹӣĪԸһ屦ﹱ׳
ܽأĪ費ѪԴˣֻǵһЦĪıԣֻһЩ߰ˡ
ûб⣬֪ƾԼڵݣ˵Ҳǰ˵
ʱȴ˵ڸһǸ£飬Υߣ洦á
ƺ˵һ޹ؽҪ飬ȴΥ棡
һʱ䣬е߶סˡ
ʣȻᵽ棡
˵Ҫ棬Ȼʵ棬ɲС
壬һֱͰǣȴ£
˵Ѿˣ壬ӵоȨû˻Υһ޺۵ȼ𣬶ʻʶ鷢ְֵ֣Ľ̳
ǣ·µּʵϣ
ղʵĻԵ飬籩һ㣬Ƿ壬Υ
ǡ
Īļʣȴȫû
ϣҲǲ˵ˣȻеĲѾ۵˼¡
һʱ䣬еޣתƵϣʱоܶԹ޼ʵĿԼϣĿɱˣѾ˲֪ٴˡ
Ŀ֮£ɱֳĬ˿û˷硣
˱֣ذϫ°ͣĿζСӣȷͬһ㡣
ƾЩҲ˶֧֪ʲôرġ
ʱ£Ӣ꣡
ʱذϫվЦ
Ҫ֪飬ϲ˵ܻ᲻ǶȨ͸֧
¾ʵļͽܣ̫ʦɡ
սʾ躮ˣֱͺˣյԼ޸ƽ֮嶼ҪһսѾѶ˰ɡ
Ȼذϫ˵䣬ֽóһСӣϡ
һ۵Сӣǰڳ֮ȴǣΧķγһϸСУ۶
Ȼ֮еĶʮֲ
Ϲʱȴּһ
ּ
΢΢һȥ޸ƽ֮ҪּʥսҲõּ
·µּóв
ϹŴµ淨ּʵ̫㷺ˡ
лᣬȻҪúùĦһ
ֻذϫСĴ򿪺ӣӺӵĻƾȡſݻƵķֽЩֽʮͨЩֲڣֽҲǳıһķ·ɢŹޱȵϢ
ȻŷֽȴȻһ⡭ּ
ⲻ·ѧķ
Щ·ģ̫Ϥˣ̺ķҲеޱ׽
ѵνּϹʱ˽ܣµķ
ô£ּϹŴܶǳ·һˣ
ν·˵ּǾ·ˣԻķ


1875 
ͨͨſݻƷֽȴ·ĳٺ͹ƻǣڳ̫ǿߵĿ⡣
ͫâ·ڵתһƺڹ䣬ǿݻƷֽϡ
̺ͫķ䴩ǳ̫ǿݻƷֽ䵽ֻ΢в³š
Ϲµּ̺ķ򣬿޸ƽ֮¶һ˿Цݣͷ
̫λǿߣòƲ۵ּǿһ
λǿߵһ˿ɫ
ƽ֮񷨱֮Ĵ
Ĵ񼶵ģ𼶱ǿҪ޸δ
ǾϡϣճϺƽ֮еķҪϣȴҪλ񼶵ּܲȫ
޸ƽ֮Ǽ򵥵顣
ÿһ裬Ҫƾ
Ҫóƽ֮澿˶ٵλҪʩ߳ȡּӦķٵ񷨱ϡ
ҪﵽĹϣҪķӴʱ;ҪĸλϲС
̫ڲȻҲּ̫ӵеּеķ޸ƽ֮
Ƕá·µּ
·ּʥǿô޸ƽ֮
£ֻ̫ˡ
Ҳˣ̫ŵźõܽ޽ص
ּǿ׷׵ͷ
ʱʿڵûĻͿʼ޸ˡ
ذϫ΢΢ԥûӦ
Ŷʲôôǲϵ˫Ŀذϫ˫۾·ܿ͸һС
Ǹ
ذϫҡҡͷһĻ̫˲΢΢һ㶣ڹۣĪҪڲɣ
һЩ֮ǰ߲Ļ顭ذϫЩɡ
˵ص㡣
ɴüĿֻĿ⣬ȴ˼֣˲ӡ
ذϫһֱԵּ̫ҪԴҶһžһţ޷ƣⲻ֪壬壬вʾѧ֮йּȻҲƽе£ƺһЩ
ӵеּѾ֮٣ʥ̫棬ǰԽּó޸ƽ֮Ҫðķաԡϣܹõһص
ذϫⷬЭ̵ȥޱֿǴȻĿУȴ֪£õģûЭء
һʱ䣬᳡֮ϣȻ󲨣ֻ̫ܶؿһƣͷ
޽ǺεȻԵֻˣԭ̫ĻԵѾǸӡû뵽ȻôߣҪһ
֮ǰͶõģ峤ŭ
֪ʱⶨʵںƽ֮δҵ£Ѿһ˵ˣʱٻûбּҲûȻһʱһʱÿһּϵ
Υ֮ǰЭṩţĺ󱲣˷ٱĳЩ˶ԡ
ذϫ˵䣬ĿƳ
΢΢üĪ꼰ˣΪ壬ų⣬Ҳʮ
ּ
ʣǰǰ·һϹƳķ
ղŰذϫ˵ģЩķѾǾ棬ΪڵߣҲûʮʹ
ذϫƲģһЩ
¸оҲ޷ּ
ذϫ֮󣬺ܶҲһ
ܶ߾ŭֳ˸һ˿ֻɫȻ˵ֹʲôأżСӰɡ
˶ڸղʽһǲޣʵѹҶ˵ʲô
ʩѹĸȥһĻ϶Ҫȥģ
ʵͽǶӦ
£ʸôԸ
սʣ̫ˣ
ü˵ȴܺգǰǿ̫ǰҪ£
ڴ٣ּͬҪܶһԸϾڽܵõʲôǸδּ֪ÿһţҴİվʹһ֡
ذϫܾĲأңԲڿЦ
ҡ
ذϫͻȻָһһöɳڿѸ󣬾Ǳһ񹬵
ſһŮӣӹƮ׿ԼϵУķɳ˸˿
ֳɫͬϣĪɣΧع
ΪȻǴ
Ụ̊λǰ
Ůӵÿһ˵ֱ˳ַУ˸İ
ȻչԼʵһһȺǰչ¶ʵԭͼΪΪ̵Ůӣȷʵʱ
ƣҹƾܸ̫ŴķŮӣ൱£ʱ䣬ɳ񣡡
ϸ۲ǰŮӣͫ׾âһš
廹壬ǿߣʥս˱һɾĺ󱲣ӳ̶ȣ֪
̫ǿŮʾʵǳ鶯ģȻҲˡ
壬Ȼδܳĺˣ
޹ҪټһǸΪ̵Ů׼ġ
Īӣסȭͷһ㼦Ƥ񣬺ʣǰŮӣʵ츳Զ֮ϣ
ȣĪΪûн޽صİʸ
ɶ񡭡ǸҾĲ磬ûиʽȹһδؾ䣬̣Ҳһأûи
ĪӺ޼Ϊһĵһˣ⣬ʸûаӡǣһˡ
̣Ҽǵˡ
ƣ峤ڼ֮м񵽵ıŮӤ棬û뵽պƽٽ٣ƽʵһˡ
ʿ̣ͷѵãѵãѶͻƣδɾͲˣ̫壬ֳһ˽ܡ
ʵһ˿̫ȷʵûˡ
ͳʮڵʥҪǿڣȴһûˡ
ʱ£Σн޽صʸ񣿡ذϫϹЦʵ


1876 
̣ȷʵӵн޽صʸ񡣡ʼչһ˿޵Ц⣬Ϲϵһûм
лʱ¿佱
ذϫЦλǿǣҲһ۾¶˵ɫ̫ʣ۹ͬһ㣬庱˵õĳޡ
ȴڸղţΣ԰
̣ллʱ¡ذϫ˵Ȼչʾʵ⡣
̳΢΢һЦ񣬶˻صǿӪ
һۣʵ˵ͷֵܺá
֣Լ࣬
ʻһתѡУӣͬӵн޽صʸ츳Ϊƽˡ
ʵĻȫ߳Ծ
Ϊƽߣ
ǲţʾȻݡ
Ҳ΢΢죬ʵǰûչ¶Լʵ֪ƾʲôж
۹⣬δ̫ϬһЩ
ʱµۻǸߣذϫЦЦʵвʵĻоų̂ˣԲŲ̧
̣˭ʸ޽Զ׼̸츳̵Ϊͱ̫ˣټ̺ô̫壬ȴǸ࣬ѪԶҲûаơ
츳Ҫȳ֪ϧСƺΪǺܸߣȶûա
ذϫУŵķ֮⣬ΪС
ҲʥڣԸһǴ߳һ󾳽磬ⲻ۸ô
˵ǿˣǿҲû˭ʵĻģûе
ԣǰĳ棬ȷʵѣϣܹһΪͻ˺ƽ֮츳ߣǻԪļ̳ߣҲԵ֡
Щʶõԭ
ܹõƽ֮Խ棬ƽĵ̫壬һ޽ء
еѶȣ֪ж٣ʸо޽Ե
ԽƺΪ޽ġ
Ե֣޽رһ컯
ز¶ȻŮӡ
̵Ȼʮᣬ̫һĪӹ䶼СǳɾȴԶ֮ϣǱ
ƽǱΪûг̫塭ĵ˾ͷ
氵̾Ϣһ
ʱ£ôܷӦҪ󣿡ذϫͱˣʲӦضû취ˡ
˵ǿţΪּ̫Ҫˡ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ϡ
ʩѹ̵ǱʥֵΣվ£ļý޽صɻе޴ѹţش
üò΢΢վ˳
ʱ£ƽ֮δ޸޽صδ̫硣ڿ޸ƽ֮Ȼ̸飬ΣͳԴǿС
һʱ䣬еˣ뿴
޸ƽ̸֮٣ǻ嶯ּҲû޸ƽ֮ˣ
ذϫЦ彫ƽ֮޸ˣô㣿
սʱˣĳûлλǰ޸ƽֻ֮Ǿãпܣǵ޸δŵġ
ʲô
ˣ߶־ŭĵߣҲǶˡ
Īɵ˲ɣһʥȻ޸鱦
ܹ޸鱦ģλ𣬶𣬶ҶõλµּһСʸ۵ģ
˭ȻǣǿЦ
ذϫ䣬ԭΪʶ֣ͣоϣӦʲô˵ĵطôܱƳ硣
ȻڣĻذϫȴЦ
С޴ĵز
һ΢΢ü֪ʲôΪһЩͷ¡
ȻĻѾ޴Ҷñ粵ĵزȻô˵ˣҾʶһ˳޸˺ƽ֮ͽóɣ
ذϫ˵䣬Ѿּƽںʯϡ
ͿʥЩּŷּȷʵеٮٮµģ
ʮ죬Ҳֻ۷УָڰǰϹʱҲǷëǵĴڡ
еٮٮߣǾ͸ˣ
ֻ·һּܹټƾõţڣеּΪޡ
ǰذϫּѾСĵı˰֮á
ǿǿķ򣬾ôõʱ䣬ܲ
꣬ЩּѾˡ
λּҲ͵ͬڵͨġ
ԭ޸ƽ֮ʵֻּͨѾˣΪּţŲҪλµּ
ϸĦּԭͻȻ߳˵ּԸҿô

ĳ϶ŭˣСӣҪôߡּǰǰʥޱȣÿһŶ̫ĪӰ죬˵ܿģһţ಻
ֻԸ֪̽ѣֲּҵԸ֪̽鶼ҪĵزǻôУʥʱ򣬸ոóͱʥǣø֪ɷɻˡ
ĻУŵĳ֮⣬߶ŭĿӣڳһʥڵСǰſڳԣɺͳ
ʱذϫȴһֹ֣ڳǿ߷ǿһֻۣԷȻûкס˼ﶪˡ
ˣҲˣЦ˵ȤõһصҸ㣬ȻҪҸ㿴ҵҪܸʲôһճ
ذϫ˵䣬˫ںʯһּƮȥǰߴ
һ֮γɵĺɫΧּ֮ǰԼģִȻͲԽˡ
ʱʲô壬忴Цô
ǿǣ֪ʲôãʣȴĬΪ
Ȼʱ¶򲻳ĶСڿ
ܶּô꣬˵Զģʮǰ廹ͻľʣǱоּȴʲôûо
ʵǧʱ䣬ݳ˺ܶ෨
ЩԳϵǳұ˴ݣƺݳչ
ǡòˣ
һ׿ķ˭ѧᣬܹܷǻʲôã
ּˣҲƲˣֻܱһԵķһžһţ


1877 ޸ּ
վںʯǰּߣһ֪С
ǿߣһ϶ζЦ⣬̫ǿȴ鸴ӣǸоڱ忴Ц
ʲôͲģ޵ݣҲ޹غðɣ
Īӷ߷ߵ˵
ɣˣǶʱµȻǱĬģҲû취
һ
ʱǿߵķӦͲȥעˡ
Ѿں⣬ȫ񣬶۵ſݻƵּϣͫ･صϢ
ת˿˿ƵģΧּ
ּ̫λıʼͬһ㣬ڵʵҪƣǾԾԲܵġ
͸еĵһЩɫĻȴδزУ
ϾͨģѾõ·˵洫ڻǺӹս֮ڡ顷ãﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬ݣֻоԼĸ֪·޾ĺڶּ˽ȥ
ּʴѾγٲֵĴ٣·֮Уڶҵĸ֪
еԭջظ֪Χڶתϵ޸Ŀܡ
Ͼ񼶵ּҵܹ⿪еķ򡭡
۾ԽԽ֪䣬Сʱȥˡ
߶ԣôʱʲô϶ڹŪ飬͵ȵòͷˡ
սʱ£ѵҪһֱȥ
ڵ̣ǲͷֻǸоôǿߣΧһСˣɵɵĵôã⻭ʵ̫
ʱȴͻȻͣ
ʣ˵ʱ£ûͨƵּһ¡
Ҫ̫࣬һ٣ٶˣܶ˶оˡ
ּҪҪ
ûоܾҲûҪͨµּʲôָֻһһűּֽзɳֱ
ͻѾݺᣬھ
Ѿ٣λĿýݣϹʱˡ
λµּ֮٣ͨµּǶһЩ
˦һͨķּУʳָָ𣬸֪עУĬĬ̽
ͨµּȻһЩ
ͬģڰʱУЩּʴ·ˡ
ڣЩּʧ࣡
ʧƵּҲܱȵġ
Ϊĸ߶ȾͲͬ
һ̽飬СʱȥܶߣѾ͵ˡ
ࡣ
˸̣ǿذϫȴУƺ˿żӣЩҲûзˡ
ڰɣڵ󣬿廹˼Ҫ
ţǸʱҲ˵ʲôˣ
뵽ܶ˼
սʵȻҪռһڶ̵ģһȴпܻã
˻Ե˭Ҫ
Ÿ̵ʱ򣬾ʱͻȻˣʸּּС
ŷּôһ
ڴͬʱڵ취ʼ
ⷨǴ·ãѪںһ൱һ΢͵·磬⶯
Ҫǣⷨ·ֵ̣Ϊԭʼ⡣
ˡ
취һƷ΢΢ĸı䣬ƺƼʮľ
ƤѪ˸ͷ
šǡ
ˣ̫廹壬ǵȣ·һͻȻʮϢЩˡ
ЩϢЩ죬ޱȹ׾ķġôЩ
Դ֣Ρɽ塣
ÿɽ嶼ͷ޾ĹâͰʼϵӿּС
ѡĶʸּ
ʼŲּоЩԭʼ·ݷľ޻˹
ˣһƵĹâӿݻƵּ
ÿһƹ⣬Ԩ󺣣ķ
Щǿ䵽ϣȴֱӴ͸ûκӰ졣
һĻһЩ˲Ҳ֪Щŵ
ּһ˿ɳ֮˫лһĻߣǣһĹ켣ϢּĵС
һƹ켣׽ҽǣѭķӿּࡣ
ڸʲô
ܶ˷ֲԾˣʱҲû
Ƿּϣ·ӡ
µּһʥô·ӡ
ʮָأͷ޽Ƕ˵㺹飬ּڲоԽԽ䣬ҲԽԽľ
һ˿ּ취켣ڣ·ǿ޼ʵĸǽ

ʱ֮󣬿ּڲһ˿ȷ
޸ķָ֡ʼתйһƯķģϵӡڷ·𴦡
ÿ켣֮䣬ϳ޿ܵı仯
޲Щ˰ʱķҪϣΪ϶Ѿֳɵģ˷ֽ֮С
ֻҪдˡ
оԼͣݣ޲
Ͼֻּ޲΢һС㣬ҪķľҪ͸򣬻Ҫʧ֮
ģʮ־޴
һεκˮͷ䡣
Ȼͬʱͣ޲Ҳּųâƻͻͣʼ̵˲ֱӡ
Ӱȫ޾Ĺâ˿
ڸʲô
廹ߣˡ
ҲĶµķ
ȻǶ׾֮ˣȹâͷϣǹŪ飬̺ĵ档
һǶ顣
ԣ⡭ŷּ̺ӣ
һǿͻȻɴ˫ۣоĿĹâУµǵּڻǿţ
ּͨڻ׷λּ
ôܣ
ѵСӣڲּʸһּøǿ𣿡
ذϫжȻ뵽ܣȫǻĽۣ޷ܣ


1878
ּô꣬͸˵Ľˡ
ڣʵǰȻڸλķּһͨķֱּ̫˼ˣ
˵ذϫʣҲȫסˡ
ʣ˲֪£۹⣬һԤԵֱĸе
ȻֱҲûϵԸĽּ
âԽԽǿȫУص޷ķ裬˫֣лٶԽԽ죡
Ŀ֮£µּҲԽԽǿ
ۿţеѾذϫּˣ
ʱǿסˣ
̫˵ޱһһŵּȻܱһʥС죿
嵱ɱʹõλּҸһּͨҲλּˣô֮ǰλּı͹ͳһЦô
ܱһС͸ĽּҲֵ̫Ǯˣ
սʱ£ǸС˸죬ּͨøּһǿ̫͸Ҫˡ
ʱһͻȻ˵
ذϫ󣬶ʱʮֵľʡ
̫õ壬ϣΪֻ·µǿּͨµķּмλּжϲ㡣
ʵΪλ̫ˣ̫ȥҲӵλּΪĳЩԭѾõˡ
ϲͲˡ
̫ĶǣȫԼ޸ƽ֮
ôҲ⡭
ذϫоԴȫˣ֪ôģѾʵˡ
ԭһڣòǣǺܿһûˣ
ɵ
ذϫˣʮԵۺ첻ѣ̣Ҫλᣡ
պ˵ϣˡ
Сӣܣ
ذϫսȭͷ˵ţԣѾǿ󵽿ڶ̶һʱڣƽ񶼲ƽּĻ̫ʷЩʣЦˣ
ΣۿͦҪΪ̫ıˡ
ּͨɶּ⻹˵ã
̫ˣҪСӶĤˡ
ʱбʲô뷨ȴʼδע߶ȽţͷѾǺˮ
оԼǵ͹ķĿ¡
͸򣬵ӵе㣬ҪЩʴķ޸ʮּѡ
οڵ״ã
΢΢ΪĿݽߣָһЩһı١
һı٣ôּʲô⣬Ǹղ޸ȴ˴ˣ
龪һһĻʿУܹеĿâеԭϢѾ˥ࡣ
ˡ֮ǰˣһûá
ܶ˶뵽ˣ볡ʱѪ鸡ھ࣬
ǱԪ˵ġ
ڶش׼˾ųϣҲͬСɡ
Сӣ˻ܸĽ޸ּ⡭
ĪѾˣѾŶûˣ̫
ʱͻȻһչϷ·һ̫ϵʻ۹ת͵⣬ڴȥ
Щ͵⣬û塣
һǿߵǿóȻСڶԷͿƲסʴȴ͵˼£ȫѭԸʹá
һʱ䣬оԼ壬ɺԵĵõ˲
ķָ·ټʵּ֧֣޸̣˳
ֹһʱ֮޸Ѿٽβ
һɲǣֻ޾޷ģȫ£γһɫУȫ£ּ֮С
һʱ䣬죬ּϵķ˴˼γ˹
龰˵ĸоǣּѾˣ
֮γԱȵģԱŸɿݷƵּ޹⣬ֱҪΪһ㡣
ʸּˣ
˿˱ʣϵּȷʵȫµġ
Աּµһţӵей֮޲
ôᡭ
ǿ߶ˡ
˵޸ּ̫˵ĺ££ȴȫ˲
ˣ͸֧źʯӣּݸʡ
õУЦ⣬Ŀ⣬Ҳ̾ͺʹȰ
ܸоԭּѾ˾޴ı仯
ãܺã
̾
ʱߣҲ׷֪̽鿴޸ּһզ಻ѡ
֮ǰ΢ʵĴϣʱҲȫˡ
ߵ磬ʵһУ
ʵȻͻõ𾴡
ˣ洢ּƺв٣ܱ޸ĻǸǺεȳ棡
ּȫµģ޸ţɶ𷢶Ļͬǿߵȫһ
ɱͬ׵ĶҲ˲شԷȫʧȥս׽
壬ɾʹˣ
Ҫ֪̫вĵˣ컯ʥһ񣬶ǡǡǶ
ʵδս컯ʥʣͷβûг֡
Ϊ̫廹·µ޷ּأ컯ʥǰ̫»ֱó޷ּ컯ʥʸŪ磬徻ˡ
Ƕˣ޷ּ˷ѣּûãʮֿգ
޸ոּһжˡ


1879 ò
ʶ޸ּսֵã۾ˡ
ʱ򣬼ȶʮּʵˣҲϾǹغĴ£
漰һ˵涼ǴҪˡ
޸ּԣ帺
ʿʵ¶͸֧
ҡҡͷֻҪ;ѣ֮󣬼ɸԭ
ô˵棬ԭʱóһ㡣
ʵֻҪһʱܸԭʰĻҪϢʱ̡
ãôھʹϢ֮һµּ޸ţ޽أ£Ĵǵõģ
¶ϲɫƽʱ磬ٻʧ̬
ʱˣʥսԭ͹غĴ御ౡ֮ҲǰԼ壬Ӧõġ
ӹһ㣬ڳǿ߶˺øУԣ޸ּʲôǺϺ顣
졢޺ۣĸ׼һ£ȵ޸ּ󣬾ͳ޸ƽּ̺֮ķټṩӦò⣡
һĸĸʵ̫嶼ǿǰģԵ޺ǿᡣ
ĸһ˳վʱ
˵Уʵĵӡ
ΣذϫҲסˣˣʣҪƲ塣
Ӵһ˵ʵҲ·һֻڰǰǸ֧
ܽ޽أԣȻҲô
ڣۿΧææ⣬壬ʲô¶ûˡ
ʱ£
ذϫ
ŶսʲôôϹ΢ЦЦζ
ˮתղŻƣתۼɫתˣһһı仯ΪһСֱ˼顣
ذϫɫӵĿһۣ˵ʱ£ҪˣҪ¿ᡣ
ذϫֱ룬Ѿ˳Ѫ׼
ʵֵ壬ڴǰνǴݺ໥ŽҲڶĻø졣
ʲһ㣬ذϫҲϻ͡
ԴʵҪĸ͹ˣ˽룬Ҳ˷ѣͬģҪģҲֻΪˣԸ⸶㹻ĴۣϾֵܣҲҪˡ
Ҫּеš
ָϲŵλּ˵
û侮ʯ֮ǰּҪһŷּһ
ҪʱҪţƽ
ллذϫвҲûе֪û޸λּ޸Ļ죡
룬ֵСΪ޸ּ֪
Ϊչ¶ʵذϫʱҲ
̸ֱȨΪЦе˵ţ
һʱ䣬ߵĿ⣬ϡ
Сѡ
ذϫֹΪĶ۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
ȴӦƽĵΪ޸ּȻԣҳ֣һʱ̸
Ȼ壬ȻСѰװ׳ֵġ
ذϫЦ˵ȻһĻ̵УȴʮֵĲ
Ϊ̫壬ŻԻ͵ʷûˣѪɲǻ塢塢ʥܱġ˹ǵĽ
ڣذϫΪ𣬶һʥ˿Էȴһӣ̸оܲˬ
Сӡ֪ǵʲôԵ޸ּȻ˵ôߡз߷ߣϧΪ̫ͬ׵Ļһһս
кܲȴûб¶ֻ
ʱѾңϢˡ

ʱһξգ޸ּ
һգҪƽ֮ˣ
ͫīɫ˸ΧĹ
ˣܵӴʯ˾޴н֯һռ䣬ԶԶȥһ͸ˮ壬γ˾ԸĿռ䡣
ƽ֮޸Ǵ¼ܵκθš
ˮĽ׼޸ƽ֮λ塢ǿ߱ӻС
ȻѾ˽޸ƽ֮ѡҲµǿߣҲӽˣ˰ո
һԣĿһֱˮһС
ĸǿվǺƽ֮棬ž޸˵ּ
ÿһּ˿˿ƵʮϢ͸ޱȵļµ
䣡
һǿ˶ֱϵÿһë߳һѪҺ
ѪޱԶϢ֤̫ĻԻ͡
ЩѪҺų⣬Լ
վʮ⣬ɸоһΡΡɽѹѪҺɢݳޱȳصѹ
ѪȻǿԶͬѪеʥ塭
ĿѪҺգҲգڻӿһȦΧѹ࣬ͷѪһԳܡ
ǿߵľѪڿлת·һŲԹŵǳɢԶ׷׺һּ
ּľѪɺɫĹâص취Ϊһööķĳ֣ͬĴں
Լ䣬ԿһĿ࣬Ѫ죬ֲͫâڷϡ
ּһޱԶ·˹
ţǿ編ƣ׷׷׳Ѫ֮ڻּ
ּĹâ貣վǳһжûڴĿãã
鱦Ҫ֪ܶ鱦٣ο鱦
âʱӾҪֱӸоâֲַ֮˸
ְ׹⣬һֱҫһһҹϨ
׹ʧһ̣ɢ
ĸˡǿߣɫ΢΢԰ףϢ˥΢
ϥڵϣʼϢ
ʱ·ǴϴԶء
һѩЩתš
ڵǿվͷһڵص·ӵ˴ϡ
ͷƽ֮˸޾Ϣǰ
˵ء
١ŷ·µ̵ϣ¶ϲ⡣
ƽ֮Ѿ޸ǿ޽ˡ
Ҳ޽ܹⳡ٣ת


1880 
ʮ֮֮ǰ޸ƽ֮𣬶Ѿָ״̬Ҳͬڶʢ״̬
޽أڽտ
սصǡذϫ̡ࡢ塢޺ۡ
ˣյģ̲˵սذϫԼһ֣һǱҲοٵ
ʴ·ϵֻʳָϹźƽ֮ɹΧĿռı仯
ڸԶĵط·ʱյľͷ˵һ̲ͣĺ
𵴣һ
纣˶оǿĲֲգǳ֮
ɫ棬̫ǿ߶ѣ׷׿޾ա
ȻʲôûУֻв˥ϵ޾ڰҵĿ⡣
ƽ֮޸ɺ޽Ѿʼˡ
ǿ˵ʷϣ޽ܹûΣܶԵüû뵽ԼȻĿ޽صĿ
޽ʥأϧƫƫʥأҲֻʱ̲ܿ
ٳɾ˽ܣԵ޽أڽܿˣȴѾ㣬еˣҲǿѡεġ
ǿ̾Ϣип
ʼɡ
ϳ۹ĵ֮âʢ˶â
һֻ̣оһתĿʱ򣬷ԼѾһصա
һƬأȵ̵ĵز
ۿȥΧյģֻشһӿޱߵĻҽת
ҽûб߼ʣ·һǧһ㡣
罦һЩÿһ涼һȼյǳ¡Х
ġ
ʲôҽÿֲȻҵƤ·ҪԳܡƵĻ棬ͷ𾪡
ƽ֮ػ潬Ͽգͷųص
潬ͬҲһ𵴣Ʒޱ޼ʵҽźƽ֮Ӧ
潬ĶԽԽһĵ֡ڤˮƴ
Щϳ֣ΧҽǶᡢɣѸһƬռ䡣
¡¡¡ģŵ籡һɱɭȻϢҽ޾¶һصĺ嫿ռ䡣
ڴڰ䣬һϤĸо
޽أ·µżڿˣ
ԽԽһǿҵĸоԼҪѰҵĵԵ֮񣬾ż֮У
ָо·˵ġԵôȻˣԵ֮һҪõ
սȭͷ޽ض˵ľԵ֮漰·˵Уõ·˵ȫУиǿԿʥ֣
ȥɡ
Ŀϴһһ䣬Ƶ˲Ǻ嫿ռ档
ţ
޽صУ̤ʵصһ̣΢΢һ
Ͼȥ·磬Ǹ뻹ﾺɡǰ磬ͷһŻƵĺǣ³ĻԹ⡣
Χ߰ǦɫƲѻϣӰͬĻƻ衣
һŵ磬˵ĸоǴǧ˾ͷ
ĵطһͬɽıģơ
֮Ĺ¹֮Ĺ޲T֮Ĺ
ǰ绪֪١Ȼ
¹ӣݴϹʱǿľţ·˵ĽŲ
̫ļλǿߣǰһĹпѡ
ģ̫ܾ춯صĴߡ
Ҫ֪ǶǼʮڣϰǰʷӣܱ¼ɼǵǿˡ
ɳ·;ϣеĴߵǰĿꡣ
ڿеĴ˵ȻϢΪһɢؼ䣬Ǹпǧ
£µ
һķĹԤʾ飬·ɽѹͷƺʾѾձɽˡ
Хĥ̰ʯͷڴ¡¡絶
Ĺ磬Ȼ˲ʲô˺ȴֱ۵ĸܵ˵صն
ܽģǴǴ֮֮ļʯûκεķ϶覴á
Ȼѹ֣ǲܶҡǵġ
ͻȻӴصһɹɭȻϢӳ
ɰʯĴأһۿɱı˪
Сˡսذϫվԭأ˵
ͻȻһ޴ĺӰԾﳤϯȥ
ͫﾫâ˸һӾͿˣԾĹһֻݣȴʣһӰ
Ӱ棬ֻɺɫ۾ˡ
һһУڴи޼ʵ乵֣Ŀġ
ǿһеľƣΪ֮һݡ
ȺһӰٵĺڷԷ裬˫ͬҫɭȻĺ⡣
˫һĽ˼ȭӡɫգǺӰײһ
䣡
˵˼һɺѪϸߡ
콾Ụ̊˾˵
٣ƤĤѪڱŷ⻪ȭͷǰĿ˿ǽ
ǺӰݿܹ˺һеȻȭͷ±⣬ѣȻİ
Ӱ飬İıɢЩڶڿ񱩵
¡һӴΪ޾ķģɢؼ䡣
ԭֻǷɵġ
һĻüһղſȭӡͨأӴĴԪ˾춯صһ
ǿĳ̶ȣզࡣ
һҲǾȫǿ̵ֵز֪͡û
۲̣ĸо̿óĲǡߡ񡱡
ԵУʵǲ׾ˡ
̫ѣȻҲصĳ
˵
Ȼʱ򣬸ɵǲ֪ĹӰĿȴ޵ɨһۣĿһ˿Ƶζ
һ̵ֻǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ǰ޸ƽ֮˷ͷ֮սذϫġ
Ȼˬ
ڣֲˬй˳Ϊ޽أȻǿ˵ĵط̶Լʮţ
ƾܱսƾôѾǴΪܹ£ǿԱߡ
ֲս˺ķѴۣҲҪ̽޽ˡ
ذϫԣ޺΢΢ͷݵλذϫࡣ
̵ʵԶֹˣɣһ·ϣдգǾͲҪˣЩɡ
ذϫ˫۱أЦе˵Ŀ⣬Ҳɨ
νġ󱲡ʵˡ̺


1881 ȡ
壬ֵ壬ͬʱ֮Ҳоʱȣָ˴ۣǿõ޽صȻһ
ںòײŽ޽أذϫȻϣ޽Уüһᡣ
ذϫԼʵоñĵ޺ǿ٣㽫˼ϣϣ޽Уƾ˵츳һˣõĻԵ
ͬں󱲵ģҲֻˡ
ȻһȽϡ
ಡ
Ǵ˷ֻӰγɵĹڱأͬ޾ɱ
ʱ̶ˣذϫҲˣûжЩɱֻ֣иռ䣬Щ
̣ݸ뿪Ϊ˱ͬһʱ̫ܵĹա
꣡
䣬ʩչǿͨȫ֮ӿֻϸƷĿĹ⡣
ƣ̺Ų˼·һȥƬձֽͬһиܲձһĿհ
һֻֻǿƥӰ񣬱̵ƻ壬׷ѳķģ
Ҳûгֻ֣ݻ赸Ĺ֮ͬУ̺ǿ
꣡
һֻݱиͫâǷģͬɽ׹䣬ев׵ѹ顣
̣վһԹۿоЩݵķģͬʱҲ̵ʵ
ȷʵгʱ
꣡
һ죬һֻӰ񱻳׺ɷģչһɷ
ս£·ߵʱ򣬿һۡ
һ漴ƮС
޽֮أֻǿţȴô㲻ǰˣ
̵Įֻ΢΢һЦ˵Ҳã֮ǰ̹ݵսҵһЩս
Ļ΢΢һ㵡
̱ˣҲһ£ƽĶۣΪЩˣЩսЩǿ
ԭֻǷһû뵽ӦսԭͲƽ
ҪǿһԼ̵˵һ䣬Ƴʵûж⡣
ֻ΢΢һЦаŪһŷֽЩݱ֮ƮɢķĶռ
˵ףЩݣ޽أɢԷݻɣΪ塣
˼ǰܶڴı֡
޺۵ľʼչʽ񣬱ϾЩ˵Уʵ޽ܻգΪܹ޸ּˣ޺ۿɲ˰⡣
֮Σٶȳ֡
βݣһͷ޴ħǣħǵƣ֮ǰй֮޲
һɺ˫ۣˣɱ硣
Сģ
޺۷˾棬ԭԸͷħǣԼӦ֣оӦѡ
𣡡
ħǿХһͬһ
һɲǣսʺ̶ͫ΢΢һ
ƽĶۣͷħǵƣʥܹԸ˵ģΪԼڸͬʱ򣬾ħǵĶ֡
ǾĲ࣡
֣Ҳ֮С
Ѿ׼ˣħǵٶ̫죬һɲǣѾ̤ǰһվ˶ǰ

޺ȫѾ׼еɲǣ
ʯ˲䣬ȻһƴħǵĶͷȥ
ʲô
ǶˣȻûֱӲħǣ
Ҫ֪̣ƹҲٸħײôӲ湥
һ˲䣬޺۷֣УһɫĹâ
ǷĹâ

һʱ䣬ͬӶ֮ϣĽâķγһƬͬһ֮ǽԼħ֮䣡
¡
ħǽʵʵײγɵĻƽǽϣҽвѣ
ּ
޺ۡսʡ̵ȫסˣԭϣץһŷֽ
ŷֽһƴ˲䱬飬γ˻ƽԵǽڣסħǡ
ֽղŵţ
޺ۿ÷ղ̻ɱݵʱ˶ΧۣҲ⣬ֻһŷģݱķĶռһʼǶûô⣬ֻΪռЩĻȥоû뵽Ȼһʱ֮еķľܷ˿µ
ħײƽԵǽϣܵشһʱûʱۼֿ죬̤ǰз˸ħĻ
ÿһιħϷıϣ
ħԭ޽شй¶뷨ԷɵĹ״̬ܣ˵©ٳֹòսֻҪڴֲڵķṹͿ

һ죬ǰħǱըΪһѷɢķġ
һµķֽһУЩȫռ˷ֽ֮
⡭
һĻڳ߶ˡ
ô׾ħǣ
ħǶǶԵȻʲôǶһʥڵ߶ԣȴ̫ˡ
ûôͽħɱķĶռˣá
ֱ飡
÷ֽЩ֮󣬾ͱּ𡭡
𲻿˼˵ЩǿߣŲȻ޷򣬵Ҳóħǣǿȡɵġ
㲻ʵ
㡭ѧּУֻּôͲԼƾʵս
΢죬Щʡ
һħǳ֣Ҳûָгŵѻʯһʥڵ߱սҲûʲô˼
ֻһαˣû뵽ȡһɣִͷ
ˣȻˡ
ܹɵĽˣΪʲôҪȥøѾķ
һ䷴ʣ̸ҭסˡ
ֻܱտڲˡ
޺ЦСֵܣǲǵõּ洫޽أˮܶգ֮ܿˣ
޺۵뷨ҲǺܶͷĻҲ̫ռˡ
ҡҡͷ˵޺ǰ˵Цˣôףѧֻ޷ıɽһǣҲĳЩʱЧˡ
ղݣħǣ޽صķй¶Էɵṹª©ٳұڵķȻɱˣ޴ǵֻѧƤëķûаôֻʵʵİ·˶µĹ£Խ׳ذ벽
Ļڳ΢΢ͷҲǣ·˲µ󷨣ЩͷӲˣҲҪһڹƽ£󷨵ļ顣


1882 
޽أԳһ磬Ӵޱȡ
˽˰ʱ䣬һЩգЩգ޽ɢԷɵ
Ǳûʵ壬вҲǿƾ򣬿նɱǡ
ڳǣûг֣ǿ̶֡
սٻٸУȻ赭дֱľһ򵥵սʽȣܻԼĶЩܼ򵥾ܴﵽĿģԼУȴҪķѲ֪
ʼЩûʲôвԵĹϽɱֻҪ󷨣Сòϵʱ򣬲һ˵ʱ
ģǽԽԽ
Χ£Ҳʼ½ǽ£˱ѩһƬʱͼ޽ظӦͼҵʲôΡ֣һصѾҲһ˿һķ϶
ȻܹӦȴûǰ취
ʱ
½·ôߡ
ѰҲʲôݾֻܹʵʵģĸѰ
ϷƼߣϱѩ
ģԽԽŨۣ˽ѾǺıĸоѾ·˲µˣ
ʱ꣬Ѿй¶˲Χγħޣ·˲õ󷨣ľ
ҲЩٴڸ꣬ΪЩ󷨱ҲмȡС
Сģ
ذϫ͵޺һ˵޷Ԥ޴תƾΪӵе֪Ƕо˴˵ص쳣ѡ
˷׷׺һʱ򣬵ıͻȻѿ
ǣ
ŴƬһǧɳĺѹȣ˵ǰ
ѹףεĺѹг𣬷·Ҫ˵ꡣ
¡¡
غ⺮ѹ֮Уʲô
˼ˣģǶסˡ
Ǽˣһ⻬ޱȵĺѹĵӳ硣
澵Ӵûб߼ʣ·ޱ޾Ԩ棬ĪĺƴϢš
һɹɲϼƣѤޱȣһжڱεʣ˿ľΡ
վھǰֻоһɺƵޱߵ֮ӿ·Сץס꣬ҪУҡҷ
ˡ顷̳·෨ǰĺͷŵİ
⺮ȻҲγɣȴһޱϣӴɭޱȡ
ѵǡ
޺ü
ţ֪ذϫѯʣ޽أԹûпΣÿͬʶһա
ֻһЩţƺʹõķڵĽ֮Уһ޴󺮱ʲôҲ֪
Ͼʱ䣬̫Զˣܶʷģ塣
棬һ磬Ҹоڸǽȥû´ǶҪС
֣ص˵Ȼ·µľηУҲ˷ܺڴ
Ҫ·µĿ鵽ʲô
һۣҪһȽȥô
ûκη˵еİΪԼ츳ţʶա
·ˣܲñֻ֣֮ҪǱ֣֮ĳȥ
Ҫɡ
ˬĴӦЩȡ
ϾǵϢֻе޺һЩƬδԡⶫʲôȥʲô˿֪
ʱ򣬵޺ȴȵˣҪҲȽ
̣̫弫ΪҪ޸ּ޺۾ʲô⡣
δ֪յأҸ޺Ϊߣ̽һ̽·
ذϫ˵䣬ǰһ
ʱ΢΢һΪ˺ƽϻ㱼һʵӰϴŹ׾սףЩս׷·Ѿƾõ£ɢµϢ溮ĵʷǺɣﵹӰʵǰǰͶӰ
Ϲߣ
Ƿ׷ľʷѾʢǰϹʱõʱڣǸʱϹ츳ǿ󣬴ҲڸḻԵ˺ܶ˽ܡ
ڣҪϹ߽ô
ܶԷ߼һǧϢӮ
ذϫͻȻڸ˵õϢ

еӰԨУŷ⡣
ǻⲻͨĻ棬ǴƤĤѪ̺⣬ЯƻԻ͡
ڻ£˵Ŀ
ģһԹɴ幹ɡ
ţϹ𣬵Ϊҵ͡
ذϫȻ𾪣ԷΪλ𣬱һߡ
ʱ޴ĺУӰһһĳ֡
ÿǰһӰ
ǡ
̿žгֵŮӣԷҲһŮӣòУֻ׿Լ¡
ŮɴϢΪԵͣͨ塣
ͬģǰҲһꡣ
ϢֳһؽʱȫӿźףſµħϢ
ܿԷʺѪɢ
ΪҲͣʥڶ塣
ԭˣҪսˣÿ˶ҪһĶ֣ǵΪǱ˵һ㡣
ˣ⾵е壬Ӧֻ·ǵı׼һǰϹʱľű׼
ΪѾܸоЩϢĿˣ


1883 Ϲ
ϹʱľţӦʲô
ʱ̫ãѾ޷жϣֵ伮УʢϹʱԻͣŵԶԶܱȵġ
ʶһսгڴ
û뵽ҾȻͨ·˲µ󷨣Խʱ䣬ϹŽ֡
ҵĶΪȻһͣʥڡ
źֳؽ꣬зһֹŹֵĸо
մߵΪȷΪ
ôȻԱԼ͵˳֣ĪǳƬɱδһԼ͵ˣԼĵ֣һܹļȤ
ǰǰϹţΪǵͣ⺮ǰǿˡ
ذϫأžԼĶ֣ȫϢӿƣ
Ȼ˵赭дʵϣذϫ˿⡣
Ϲţʶһã
޺˫Ŀ֮УҲ˷ܵĹâϾϹţ¾ԼͣҲԼĶ־
Ҵͷɡʱһվ˳
࡭޺Ŀ˸
˰֣Ц˵̽·ҵһϹţʲôʵ
˵䣬սȭͷָ졣
츳˵ǵ͵ˡ
Ͼǳɾ˽ܣԼţ
̤뺮Уһζ㽫ûˡ
Ķ֣һڶ꣬Ϊλ
˵꣬ˣҲ϶ϣһΪΪһ·ͽŻῴᡣ

УǸڶѪͬʱӿĻ棬Ϣϯء
ǶˣȻڻϵ
õģ֮
ν֮ԪԪԪԪںϺ
֮߶Ļ棬ա
¡
Ӱͻִһײһ
Ƭ磬ٿֲĴ򶷣綼ᱻ
Ҿ㹻ǿⷢԼʵ
Ԩ棬ֻĻ緢ȭ
ÿһײ㹻أϼ
ϯƺƵĿķŰ
սңں棬ɫࡣ
Ȼɫ棬һ֣·նԨԼЩŤ
ÿһ棬ΪһֻɫĴ˺գ׷Ļȥ
룬Ǻڶͬɫ棬Լ䣬ǿһ
䣡
ս
ˣģǸڶ꣬ȴԽսԽͣȫ̫ͬһȼգԽԽ͡
ȣ
һȫ緢ͬһײ˺ڶ꣡
ӿıըڶʮƮɣͬһֽƬòײȶΡ
ȻһĻ޺ۡذϫ˶ĬȻ
ȻղһռϷ磬ʵǶӵеѪͨУֻһΣҶԱмġ
Ǽˣû˵Էֻǽ˰ˡ
ԷڵңѪʢԽսԽµĸо
࣬Ѿ߳ɵ֧Ų˶ãԣ
ݣ
ڶٶȳǿмܣʱӿѪ𣬹˲١
Ӱڿһ٣滯ΪһһƣͬĴһ㣬ҪӰ
Ȼʱ¶һܵЦݣ·ԡ
ѪķһĴεγһõĹĻл涼¡

һ죬ƺһ嵹ɳȥֱӱ˾磬صˤڵϣ
࣬ܣ
޺Ĭʱ䣬ղһսʮϢѡ
⾵Ҫսʤ֣߼һǧϢ
ʮϢһǧϢ࣬ʵеˡ
ôѣ
޺۵ɫ̫ÿˣҲһ˿ɬ
Էľ磬ǱԼһ㡣
ʵϵǺڶ겻öԸҲֻ֣ûϵôҡ
ˣҲȻϹʱţȻ£
û°ɡ޺۹ĵ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ӦòΣա
뺮ಢûгʧܹģҲ֮ӣ֮ļʯ
һԲ̷һöҩĵ裬ϥʼĿˡ
ԨˮĻ󽥽ɢȥʣ
վսļˣһʱԡ
Ŀ˸ղսḶ́һһԺÿһսϸڶá
⺮Ȼ˵ãģĻȻԺǻۡ
Ŀ˼ĵͷ̫ǿӪ棬һӰһ
ս壬ǳʤѩ޳ӰվʵĹӰ
棬һ̲ͣĻûˮĺͬһŮӣ£ֻʽʮֹӣҲŰϢ
츳߳ûΪĶ֡
壡
޺ҪֹȻˣѾ˺
ָһӡĴָָһӨӨĹâ˸
һһģ·ʻš
ЩʻǴ֮籡ϼ⣬ӿһһ㣬γ˻ܷ
һʼԷ̬֣ûд
ݣ
ӰһΪΪģķΪˣԽԽ࣬ܿǧ֮
壬Ȼͨ輫ߣ
ѡ񡣡
Եͷ
֮ǰǵõʾֻҪ֧ŹһǧϢʱ伴ɣδҪܶ֡
ʵ֪Уʱ䡣
ԶɲϹţܱҲܳ־õһַʽ
棬һصĵϸ֡
Ṳָ̊һ޵ԣͬ
꣡
˲Ŵת˲֮գһؾڸǡ
ıſµķ֮գһĻ󣬱ȫ顣

ı嵲˱ͬʱҲ¶Լλã
תصѹ˹ȥ
˫âĴ಻ķһѹɽꡣ
ҫ۵⣬ʱ糱ˮû˵ߡ
һսһֱδƾƾ鶯ޱȵķֶΣֵһ糱ơ
ȻվʵľԲϢľһӣǱ˺
ҲˣʱȻ࣬һǧϢңԶ
ûѡƾԼĻʹķʱ䣬ûܳɹ
µĶ֡
Ϲŵʵô
˾̾Էͣʱ䣬󶼰ˡ
ã֮ǰԷƿĻ˲Ϊ˴һǧٹһǧΣһߣһҪĴȴûʲô£ҽžչ˿籩һĹ
ôǿѰˣ


1884 Ž
ܱ֮ڳδսıʣĸˡ
ذϫĸ˵УҲϣ
ְڵ޺۵ļͷ˵˵޺֣ԼӮ𣿡
޺ۿЦһεҡҡͷҲǿ٣ҵĹԹΪ⺮еĻ󣬸ԹһףӮĿ㣬㣬Ѫ֮رҲܹƴһǧϢʱҲδأ
޺˵ţذϫɫأ֪ԼϣҲ󣬵ҪϣǸ̽·и׼
޺֣Ƕʧ˻ôòأͰ׽˰ɣذϫ˵Լĵġ
޽Ϊ˲ûԵǸҪģΪ̫ڴҵһ·
Ϊںǰʧܣ޹Ļĳ̫Զˣڣ
޺۵Ӧòģǰ޽ҲֶܻһǾ֮һǸ˻Ե
ֻҪǽ޽أ޷ͨ񵱳µĿ飬ҲӦܵõ֮
ͨĻôõĸ˻ԵҲǵµĴСһĶ
ôذϫһǻãͨҲԼʧٲᲨ塭
˵ذϫֿЦһп񣬵Ӧòϵĺ䵽ˮ׼ɡ
Գҡҡͷذϫ򺮱ȥ
ʦ֡
̽סذϫȻܴ󣬵ȴʦá
ذϫͷչһЦ˵ˣʣˣҵսöԲߣ츳ھ壬ӦӮ
ذϫ˵䣬̤뺮У
ذϫĶ֣һˣ׾սףһԹ
ȫŻ棬̺˴ģâ䡣
һ̣ذϫϢˣƺڣݷһͷޡ
ս֮ѾãΪ𣬵Ԩ󺣣׽
ǿսôôǿ
ྪ̾۾ֲŵĸоΪλʵҲ̫Զܸܵذϫǿ
۷״̬ĵ޺ۣоذϫ˲١
޺۵ذϫʩչǻѪѪ̫һȼʱڼԼǱʱһ֮ͻἱʧҲ֮ʱ䣬ʮڶԻָ
ǸƴʽһذϫʹãΪһǱڼû취ӮԷôͻ
޺۽ţл
ԭˣĻѪѪȷʵʺںʹãֻҪһǧϢˣ֮󲻹ذϫ䶼ûϵˡ
˵ʱذϫĶǰվһΡΡɽ磬ѩһĵƥķº⡣
һǰŲ߼ɣƺҪ飬ع߶ˮһŤ
˵ͫףͬʱӰԷӰ
һ̣ͫﱬâͬʱȡ
Ǹٳ̣Яŷһеƣײһ
һ֣ǿ籩ƵĶԹ
䣡
ʱҫ񱩵Ԫ糱׵ȭͷ˫ŵײн֯
츳ͨΪķ䣬ռƺããܼҪ
ĩս١
ȫսʦ֡ǿ
˫սΪذ诿ҵ̬΢ȾӶսڡ
һǰηذϫ
ȥʱ䣬ѪȼջսһǧϢ
սʣȻǿ󡣡
ļǿߣս֣ﲻò̾
¡
ֲ֮ը죬ذϫĳ˺ѣһƣĿռ䣬ȻƵģһơ
Щռƣ̼ͻḴϣ·ڹ
İϢˣذϫղŵĹһλ˻
Ѫӻ¡
սڣ⻹ϹŻһˡ
ռϷˣ
񾾽Ϣذϫδ¶ֻҪѪܼһǧϢҲܹأ
ʱǻ仯ӰӰ´¼䣬ЯϢٴվ
һ̣ƺˡ
ϸķģͫеâ˸ƣҲԨ׽
ذϫͫһڶԷУܵ˿µɱ
ݣ
ˣٶȿò˼飬ȫӦ
޾ͨΪִ˺ա
ģӰ󣬳һսӰаɣȫڣ磬صĹ
սӰӶһսذϫ
䣡
ٴγִƬһƣذϫѪ嵹ɳȥǾ֮ɫ
ڲֻ֣λ𣬱ΪǾȻôǿ
ԼǿֱشԼ
ľ콾û˭ϹŵĻȼ磡
ȼѪɱԷһشذϫ֪Լˣܵó׵ף
ǰȼջѪ֮ȻҲܣԼѪʧüʱű˻ܡ
ûѪȼյʱȫʢ״̬˻ܣ
ذϫį߳˺
ĻѪѾȫеضȵ֪Լ޽֮УѾˣûϣȥ
⺮ôѣֻߣ̫ˡ
ģЩӦǰϹʱӽǿŵı׼ûģˣδɾ׾֮£ǲУҲ
޺ذϫļоԼýȥˣذϫѪȡɣһͿأοԼ
ʣˡ
޺ۿЦ츳õʵĸ߶ۣܴ漣Ҳһ
ͨķﻹô
ҡҡͷһöû
Ĵ𰸣֮У⺮ǰֻܿ汾£޷ȡɡ
޺̾һôʦڣ˲СĴ۲Ž޽أֻǿõ˾֮ʲôûõôȥˣʵ˷Դ
̣ذϫ̡
̵֪ͷҲģ
̵̺š
ãذϫһ֪˵Щգſڿӡ
ʱѾ˺ͷһۣĿ̺һ˿ɡ
Ȼ̧ſ˺Ԩ档
ˮһĲںУ̵ĶһµľŮӣɴ
ǱسϹţϾΪҵͣҾͲţӮң
˵䣬ֽгһĳ߳ͻͣģ

̵Ϣϳɫ磬翴ᣬȴ̺ſµԴ˵Ѫ⣬
ڣó汾ˡ
У֮ǰ̶սЩγɵڤ޵ʱõĽ
һΣõȴ֮


1885 鱦
ûд㱻Ǵ潻ô
˵ӡУʱһ㣬ϾһǧϢӮˡ
ذϫĵʱ俴ףʵڻûս϶ԼˣѾһˣ
Ļ΢΢һ㵣Щա
ȷʵԶ˵ʱֻ³ˣӦǿϹһս
ҲǽԼʵĻϣѻʯѡ
ʱ̵Ķ֣ǸģӰȫȼɫĻ棬û˿ȶȣǺΧշ׷׶ᡣ
֮ͨľս
ʱȳˣϢٴαǣٵ˿Ʈ裬ָʳεɫѪҺѪҺӿ֮Уǰķ磬Ȼһγһ˿ɵĳì
ì
Ծ⴫˵Ϲʱڵһǿµıìȴû
ݴì֮Уƿһǿ޵ķ
ⷨͼףӦþǸͼףʩչìӰ
ȻֻӰҲ߱˵һǿ߷ĵϣͬСɣ
ݣ
ֳìֱͬһ㣬˺졣
ʱ̵ĶҲˡ
ȫƵ׻ͻȻȼգڻ֮У˷ɳһֻЯ޾
ȳûȥ
ɫ㣬һǹؿڡ
񷢳屻ƺ˼Ĵ
ȻһĻеŮӰֻǳһЦƺΪ⡣
һ̣ȫ˸һɫս£塣
Ƥͬˮһ͸󳤷Ů
УһɫĽ
һ֣㷢еķȫն
һʱ䣬Ůϵĺӳңȫɢγ
ȾΪ棬ȻŮʩչͬһ㣬̺ķȻһ壬˼ߵľ磬һҲˡ
򣬽ûˡ
ҧɫķ۶һ˫ٶȿ쵽˼¡

ߣļת汻иͬԼ
ͱ޻ڵĶײ
һʱ䣬⣬նıɫ£𣬳Ѥ֮
Ľ֯С
ֳַϵɵսìŮӼս
Ůӣһãһʵڱչ˷ɱ
һ֮ս
úǿǣ׷զ࣡
ذϫۿʧٶ꣬ػչֳǿʵһ֮ȼ磬˵Ī
Ǽˣ̸һԼ͵ϹŽ֣Ȼֻǿƽ
Ϲʱţ֪ǿʲô̶ȡ
ذϫипҪ֪ЩϹŴǳ壬壬嵱궼ޱȻԻ͵ʷȴûˣǱݡ
֮ѪѾȼգѾ㾡ȫˡ
һ̵߲ͬѪҺɫűѪıѪһԶһ
޳ɶ𣬹ƾѪҺܱһ硣
ڣ¶ѪҲֻϹųƽѡ
սԽԽҡ
̳ͬһŮս񣬶棬ŮȫͷųɫĹâȫȼŻ棬弸Ϊ˷ˡ
ֱԷ֮壬̼ս
ϵĻ棬ÿһ䱻ն֮󣬶лһСС񣬼̡
棬ÿһ䶼ԣԣ
˻İΧ
ϢĻ棬̫ѶԸˣ޷ն𣬻ԽԽ࣡
ףϹĻ棬ʵѾһ˿ڡʥ䡷ߵ֮⾳
⾳ɵزͬСɣ
ӿҲʶԼΣգôȥᱻ泹û
һҧƾһȫѪٶȱ

ı汻˺ѣ̱Χչɫķϵ˫ֱ죡
Ůü΢ֱҪ׷̶ȥȻһɲǣһصĺâŮӣâ֮У޷ķ衣
Ůӱ֮ȻһĿ֮£һƮɢʧˣʲôû¡
ֻʣһ˸߸ߵķڿУҲЩ㵡
ţǣ΢΢һŮѾռϷʱͻȻôɢˡ
ʱ䵽ˣһǧϢ
ԱߣذϫһûмʱпǴͷβһϢһϢţʱ
ȻӮǿչӮˡ
ذϫ¶һЦݡ
̣ĺá
ذϫ
ȷʵ£̵츳Ҳ֮ȡ
޺а̾
Ȼ޺ۺذϫͬƮ̣ɫȴЩį˲
ûʱƣսȥӮĸʲɡ
˵ףˡ
һԼ͵Ķ֡
̳ɳ·ϣԽսˣ죬ǽеһΣԽѹˡ
ֻǿԼĹӮˣʤȻĲ
ذϫ̵˼˵ܹӮˣôˣӮˣô
ذϫǿÿ
̣ҲҪԼ̫ϸˣϹʱǶʢҲǿ󣬿νȺ۲𣬶ĻҲӰгɳһڵܱȵģǳϹʱһȾеŮӲ
ʢҲ˥䣬ʵԭжϡ
Ϊ޷򵥵ĸơ
񹦷˵ǴֻдµĹ±Ҫƣǰ񹦷޳ɲУ⼸ͬҪԼҲ޳̫ˡ
£սûܴоͶˡ
̫ˣиָԵɣഫжϡ
ҲΪԭһЩǿߣԼ֮ǰỨѴ˼һ֮أΪѡʵļ̳ˣԼĴȥ
ذϫο̣ʱ򣬺ͻȻһ¡
һ⣬˺Ԩ棬䵽̵С
ţǣ
һ׷׶ȥ
ֻнγһԲ
һ
һĻذϫѾµ˷ʲô飬
µĶ
ˣ
Ҳ׷׶ݣµıȻͬСɣ
ʲô
Ƿ׷Χ
ذϫ˷ܵһץס̵֣ҿ
Уһ͹Ťһͨ尵ɫصϢ
鱦
޺һ¶Ľɫ
̵ʤΪӮһ鱦


1886 ս
鱦ҲƷײµ鱦ȻƷһ㡣
һЩеľλֱƳԽ·˺͡ʥ䡷ߣµ鱦Ǿȫͬˣǰˡ
Ϊ޽УĶ·֣֮ͬһ㡣
鱦ʲôдʣڴ˴δУΪ̵һ
Ӧµıһ鱦ѾˣЩںУ˺ˡ
üֵһǧϢʱķʽ֣ܻܶ鱦ֱɱֻ֣Σ
޺ۺذϫ˲²ţڴ
ϧ²⣬ҲֻˣҪ֤ʵ̫̫ѡ
޺΢΢ҡͷ˵ˣʱ¿õˣҲܴ漣
޺۶ܼһǧϢʱ䣬мΪ̾
Ҳ˺ܴϣ֮ǰʿ˵ƽڵš
޺ʦ۹⣬Ϊ̲ˡ
ֻҪһǧϢҲõһ鱦
õֶ飬Ҳ̫ѿˡ
ѹͺã
޺ļ˵ͷ˺
·̵ߣ̵Ŀ⣬ָմϵƿת
Σûз֧֣Ҳ˦˾ǴĲ࣬ǹƽˣʸôߣ֪ʵˡ
ϹЦݣһա
֪õּУҾȻѧˡ
ĻԵ˼ʣǳ֮⣬ţ꣬ӦҲв֮ǵĲȴ
ǿʵʱˡ
ֻ̣΢΢һЦû˵ƽĿ˺һ۵żһ㡣
Ķ֣һֳؽ꣬Ŀ˵ĸоͬһͷƴԱֻҪһ֣ͻ͵ȥһеУ
ʣһţ
꣡
ǹʣںڵǹ˸ɭ⡣
ѾܹʹðǹˣȻܷӳǹٲüΣͻᱻ
ǹڳǿ߶΢΢һ
һ鱦ҿͨ鱦
СӣԵ࣡
ྪ̾
ذϫЩʵ˵Ҳ̫ˣãҲֻǳΪǿߵһҪû汾£ԵٶҲ˷ѡ
ذϫ˵ţʱȻ
ǹֱָؽؿڣ󣬾ſǳƺǳ֮ͬٲһעڣ˲һ˼ĵز
ǣ
ռ䱬飬ǰؽҲǽŲһ̤ɫֻɱ¾ڵؽͬնһС
ͬһ㣬ײһǹཻ޻ڵĶײ
һʱ䣬ֲؽǰ
һɲǣа֮ȫ׻֮ıֲдûһУ
磡
ؽǺֻڱѣѪ쮳ӴӲĿķеĽ
ǾԵ࣡
ؽһɲǣĽâҲֻ࣬ꡱǹâѾ͸ؽĻ֮
ɫȻһ䣬屩ˣҪĹΧ
Ȼ
ˣ
Ȼ̤ǰһĲУ̺Ų˼ķ򣬺漴գ
һ˲䣬걻ǿˣ
Ŀţڵİǹ̶ֱ
ۣ
һ죬Ļ֮Ѿֽһ㱻˺ѣǹֱ룬ҪûһƣȻǹǹ̫ˣþڷİǹǰ޿ɵֵ
Ѫ䣡
ǹƿؿڣֱӶ
꣬ͬһľ޴ĳ֮£ͬʯһҳ
ֻ䡱һ죬˻գһײ˾һƬɱ֮ϡ
͵ӿĴ֮Уֻ¡¡ɱʼˣ
ƬƬɵıм̳ڱƬգ
ѪѾ˺ȫ飬ô֮УʧȥӰ

һը죬ڱ֮±飬ķģɢ
հǹ߸֮У£޾ıӿ
һսôˡ
ں֮⣬ذϫ޺ۡ塢࣬ѾȫסˣҲǵɴһ˫оš
ֱͬһ㡣
Ķ֣Ϲţ֮ǰǶϹŵĿ¡
ԼһĶ֣ҲС
ǰһͬϹţֱӱɱ
ս̣Ϣʱ䣬ǿǳС
ʵϣֻһԪҲ˵һС
⡭ô£ذϫ΢ſ˵޺ۡ
޺Ҳ֮ǰȻ˵츳ͬһ㣬ڶʵΣҲ϶һ㡣
һ㡱Ҳ̫һˣ
ղŻɱģǸһĶ֣
һԥȷöŮ̸о޷ܡ
ĸ˽뺮ʱԵĶǿ󵽲˼飬ƺ޾Ҳˣƾôó
Ķֱ֣ģһˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ǵĶһĻ̸оԼֱһЦˡ
ذϫһ򺮱еЦһ󷨵ʱ򣬱ȻһͬʣĶֺǿûҲоˣֻǿѾϹŵˮ׼ˣ£һ绹͵ĶսȻɱ
ذϫ̾˵
ţþĶսֱͲˣϹžţҲһ
ΪԼѾüʮ꣬ʮڵͷˡ
ԽϹŵˮ׼𣿡
̸оԼ΢΢ţϹŲܶ࣬ѾԽˡ
еĲ̫࣬Զˡ
ʱѾķ˺ڣ˰ǹӺ߳
ذϫ޺۵ˣĿ⣬ֱͬڿһ
ֹǡδس񡱼ݵģ
ͬţ̵ҲֻǡδпܳΪ񡱡
ҲͰˣһ컯ʥʱҲȫĶ֡
޺ţоδ٣᷵ãҲܹת˵ʹȻǰԸⱳС
˼ʱȴ򺮱ڵȴԼĽ
һǧϢʱ䣬ԼϹŵĶ֣õһ·鱦Ϊ
ôԼܵõʲôأ
ȴţǺĵģûнͳģںиоһ˿쳣Ϣ


1887 ս
أôûжˣҲӦøһ鱦ɣƷ߲ǡ
Щֵ˵ΪѾ˺ܾˡ
ûô򵥣Ҹоеķڼ¶
޺ۿˣЩ⣬ͷ˺쳣Ϊ޷ΪС
ǵ޺۲޷ܹоļ¶žνֱֵˡ
һߵ츳ԲߣӵеľֱҲΪˡ
еĽָ˺

޺۸ոտڣʱں֮У޷ķ裬еĳһ۶һĵ硣
֮Уһ껺߳ȫźɫ׵磬ֳһѳ̤
ѳϣƿһͷͷ֮д֡а
֣Ϲдɣʻ͸¶ϢɺԼһԺɫĳ򣬵߳ģʵа
ǡ
ľһ֣
̤˺Ŀռ䣬ְֳǹֱˡ
ԷΪȻʥڡ
һС硣
ʥڵؽֳֳ꣬аһӾС磬Խмʥڡ
龰ڳ
ԭΪսʤ˺еĶ֣ǹأû뵽ɱһ֣ͻиǿĶðԴԴϣ
ԭˣĽûʱҪսʤĶ֣սսô
޺Ʋ⣬Ʋ⿴ΪĻĽ;ˣԲһ鱦ܱȵģ
ʵӦ޷жԵĶʥڣôڷжУ츳ѾԽϹţ
ذϫ˵𺳡
ڣԽսϹš
Ҫ֪ЩϹŵӰǰձسı׼ûģԽսˣδĳɾͣﵽֵز
ǿ
ذϫ뵽΢΢е㲻ȥˣ棬·˺͡ʥ䡷ߣ˵ʵѾ޷⣬˵ⷶ롣
ʱھ磬ˣһ̲ͣӿźɫ׵硣
һɫ׵ԶԶģܹоһĪ죬·ҪչϢ
а𣿡
Цˣһ˿ս⡣꣬½磬õаķţˣҲаҲ׵磬Խʱ䣬ｻ֣ҲԵˡ
о⺮еӰδǴģ·˸Ϲʱģ壬һʵͷûġ
ǰЩӰˣֻδضôڡ
̤գһǰͻȻˡ
ǹâеգ˿˿Ƴ֣Уٶȿ쵽˼£
ͬʱǰĶ֣аһ꣬ͫȻ˸Ŀâ
еصֱµĵ⣬ڵ֮ϣ·һֱǹâϡ
¡
µײŰ䡣
аˣȴһδˣղǵĽֻ֣̽ѡ
֣аϲƵƺΧĿռΪһ壬˿˿ķϢЩ۶ע뵽аڣڻ
֮⾳ô
׵Ϣ˵УϹʱسһƬʱ򣬾Զŵĺ󣬲ŵ
⾳輫ߵߣôмȡ֡
Ȼȴüͷ΢΢Ĺն϶ԷԪĹͨ
һˣ˲˾ϡ
ڵ취ڵһӨӨľķɢϯķ
һһľ棬޷Ŵϡ
˲Ϣ䣬취ͶĻС
ˣ
籡ޱ߷磬ڵ취Ҳ·Ե̣̺ķ߶ȣѾﵽ˼¡
ϵĳͬʱӲڷϵ
ͻı仯ûһ˿ݡ
Ȼһռ乵ͨжϣȴͷ޾壬Хһ˹
ĳڳĺɫϯأЩ֯浮һһĺɫ
׺ʵʻ֪򣬶ԷҪ߹Լ
Ϊȫ˼޷ʥ䷨֮ϣ׻ʱշ򣬶Żˡ
Ϊо顷͡ʥ䡷編ĸһ棬һ棬򣬼
׻ʱշǷ֧
ΣҪģ
ݣ
ÿһɫɢֲϢ·һſŵǳ
ͷ𶯣ֲ֪
еĺɫһҡͷųģͬǹϵɭףϯ
ţ
ֻһ棬͸оӴѹ·Ǻҵĳ಻ĳѪ⣡
ɫųޱȹ죬ֻǳѪ⣬깥
һ̣ʶ⣬ȼܵĺڻ
ÿһÿһڻ𣬶ĥĻ
Ȼ֮ǰڻ̥ǵɱ䣬Ԩ纣һ깥
ȻƣţһĻӻ꺣ӿ죬Ǻ׿
ԥ뿪ǹйע˾âһǹźĴơ
ˢˢˢĺɫֱӱǹ顣
ǹӴѪ֮ҲʴӲ˳ȥ
мײϵĸǻ꽻֡
ҵս龰ǿ߶̾һ࿡ܣԴﵽ̶ֳȡ
Ƕ֪ôģ೤޾塢ڰǰǿţҲҪѷɫ
ͻȻ䣬ǻг׺Уĺɫıɢӿ˺
еΪһӴ޼ĺ·һ罵٣ٿѹס
ͻı仯սһ
˾ͷޱߵĺɫٴ˱仯
貶Ŀĺڹ⣬һɫǹ·Ӳ˺ɫ
ɫը޾𣬷׷ɢ
ǻɫ䣬ٺˡ
ˣһɫڣ˻𣬱
ǻ𾪣ؿڵѪƤĤڲĹѪڱɢ
شԼټΧһʱ䣬һǿĺɫЯѹ٣
䣡
󣬸ֳһ޴սӰֳ̣еĹһ£
ֳһֱϢʱ䣬Ӱħ񣬵һеĹ
磡
󷨵еĻ꣬Ҳ֧ŲסѾش壬һȫ
飬޷ģʧ֮С


1888 
ӮˣֵľߣҲɱˣңǿϹŰ
ǿԽնɱϹţʵ̫ˡ
̳ĬѾ֪ôˡ
ô
ţĻһ
˵ģȻһ֣
֮ǰɱһ͵ģɱһߵģڿҲһնɱյ㣡
ذϫźе磬ܸܵзļ¶˵еɡ
ĻѵԷΪʥ۷ô
ʱ˿ֳַ̣Ѫǹûгڵȡ
ҪɣѾȷղնɱϹŲǾͷ
Ʋ⣬նɱԷŻһ֣ӵһǧϢδɱԷôȻǴӮսҲ֮սᡣ
ʱĿз޷С
ͷһš
ޱأ̺Ź϶µϢ
ʲô
Ŀ΢΢һľã֮дڵĶһ
ңǶȻǲ˵Ķ
ţоȫѪҺƺҪХһ㣡

侫âĽ
ʱ򣬲Ҳڸ߿еı㶥ǰҲе¶
׻ʲô
޺ϢϢϸоĳӿ
ʱõ鱦޺۸оļֵҪʮǼ
̤գﻺȥ
ȻʱǰĿռ䣬һŤһŮӵӰͬһǰ
Ů޳˫㣬Ưںɫǿ֮С
ɫĳۣǺɫ磬ʵϣǶźɫļף˵ĸоضǿƺŮӣͬʱںŮսӢŮħɷ
ԣŮӵ˿ɫһ裬ͷţƺڵҹΪһ塣
ʮ־衣
һµŮӣǲ֪ΪΣȴĸоŮӵϢмϤ
ˡ
һְֳǹĿƵŮӡ
оԷѾȫʵʣ˿ûõĸоܴӶԷڸܵʢѪ֮
ƺվǰģͲģӰ
һˣ
Ϊǰ֪ǷģƾԼĸ֪ȥ̽ĻῴԷǻ
ΪǡʥڣҸղնɱһ
Ϊ΢΢ȣԭ뷨ԷΪӦԽԽ߲ǡ
ʵˡ
Ȼţ˵ѶȱȻԽԽģ仰˵ǰŮӣȻֻʥڵΪʵȴȸղԼնɱǸˣǿ࣡
Ϲʱ𣿡
ӹһͷʱŮת
һ˫ˮ˫ͫ·Խ˰ʱ֮ӣ˹
ȻŮ˫ӵһɲǣ
˫۾·ϵǺӣ̺İء
ԾΪΪ˫۾ʮϤ
ǡ
ԾޱȣԺп֪˵Ŀ⣬գ涨һžϡ
ˣĿ⣬ǰŮӣһģһ
ʥ
һ
ʥμ棬ʥ۾񣬶Ǳģⲻġ
ãã˺УŴҴҵȺҲڳǧĿУһ۷ֳʥĿڡ
ȻŮӵӣȴںɫɴ֮УС
ɴϣƺͬ˷޷
ŮĶͷϣһʺĻӡǣöӡǣɰɣоöֻ꣬һöֻ꣬һ㣬ƺûչһ
ǡʥ𣿡
еţǰŮӣӦǰǰΪʲô񣬸ʥƣ
䣬Ůӣ
ں֮⣬Ѿˡ
ֻоŮǰͬǰөȻʧɫ
Ȼʧɫò
ʵ϶߶ԣòµʱ򣬲Ѿ̫ˣԼգѾ°ŮӲҲ̫ࡣ
ģϢʡ
оǰľŮӣŮķ֮ԴԲλࡣ
ʱ֮ԣ޺ۡذϫˣͬˣ˺þãвһͷŮӣʷô
ƺûйļأ
޺ۺذϫӣذϫҡͷʾʷУҲûйںŮӵļأӦҵޱȾ޵Ůӣղǡ
ǰǰϹ񣬴Ϊԡ
ŮҲ޷ŮӵϢȼ硣
Ůӣôû´˵
ľ绪ǰʱ֮ӣڸǵģ
ѵ;زˣ
δͻôٷ绪ţҲ޷ʷԼһʣ⵹֮С
Ǻ˼ʱһһȫˣסˡ
ңԵõĶ
Ů촽Цٻ⣬
㡭˵ˣоǰŮӣ̫ˡ˭
ʳԼеʣ֪ԷΪλͬʥһ۾
ȻָоԷƺʥȫͬ
Խʱ䣬ʵ޷ţԷʥתѪԵĹϵϾʱ̫Զˡ
ŮӸûлشĻ˵ʵжشˡ֣ڿһ˺ռѷ죬¶ڵա
УȡһһͨɫĽϣħ񡭡


1889 Ů
ȡڽŮӣƮƮ绪
ԾǣŮеĺڽǾŮӳֽȴûһ˿һ֮Ҳûɱ⡣
Ϣʼÿںϡ
۾ãǰˡ
֣ŮӼ򵥵Ľ𣬽ֱ£
ৣ
ƿգһʱ䣬еǹȫһˡ
âһֻһϸϸֱߣӤָҪϸȴŤʱգֱɱ
⽣â̺ѾԪԪԪ֮ˣƺͬʱ̺˳ֽߵս⣬Լ־һ
һһУͶ㣬ش
־죬ǵʱԿ͵ضԿ
һͫ΢屩ˣ޷һ˿ɱⶼоĶ֣ôܷ˿ֲĹ
ûгǹֵֽ䣬ǰһʵĻʯš
ǻԪ֮š
꣡
ϸϸĽâֱڻԪ֮ϣԪ֮ž
ŮȻ绪ϾΪ̫ͣ޷Ԫ֮ţһ̣鷢ˡ
ŮĽâڻԪ֮ϣɢ䣬ͬһӿֱӲԪ֮ţ̶ƹ˻Ԫ֮ŵıԵڻԪ֮ű۵һ
ݣ
âԪ֮ţնɱ
ʲô
ͫһ
ڳ壬ǿҲǾޱȣǽâȻԵʵһ㡣
Ůӣܽâٿص̶ֳȡ
㲻ҵĶ֣츳ȻϹʱɳۣ֮ںľ磬޷Ԧ̫ǳܵеùҡ
ҵķ򣬱ö࣬һսսɣ
Ůӵ˲䴫ﵽԺʱâҲ䵽ǰ
ͫһ̣󣬸ֳһսӰ
ս׳أֳһĥһľ޴֣ѹһС
֣ħֺԪ̵ֻںϡ
֨֨֨
ҵײ𣬽âںɫ֮ϣļ
Ŀأ󣬾ǳƾճ֣޾ǹ⣬ȫ
ĴȫⱩѪֱ̣֮ͬ졣
ǣ
ڿ֧֮£̣ӲĽŮӷĽâĥ
һĻŮһ
µѪµȻԽĽޣҵһһǾ仰޷̫ԦˣԻңҪ䣡
ŮḧڽĽ棬ɫһĺХ
һ̣ٴγâ˺գϸߣǻһһɿâͬпٵк£
ȻһâȸղŸ߶ָۣϸĽâǿ
ְֳǹâбŷһ⡣
ΣУѾһˡ
һ̣ȣȫ⼱ͣǽǱ죬θߣֳɫƬ
ͷҲʼ䳤˫֮ϣͬʱֳӰֳֺɫ̵
֮Ѫһʱ䣬޷磡
Ͼ⾵Ԫ޷ԼͻȻ֮ѪΪ֮
¡
һµľ죬ְֳǹصŮӵĽâ֮ϣ
ͻͽâȫԸֱ飡
籩ϯ
ʲôǣ
ں֮⣬޺ۡ˴ʧɫ
ʱ˿ɢϢֱͬǵ棡
ܡ𣡣ô˵ĸоӵеѪӴٱ
޺ЩΪѾﵽʧ̬
ڣڼҲǰķȴڴʱͻȻ֣ӵеϢͬǵ棬ܲ
Ϊ̫һڰǰʱԻ͵ģ˥䣬ԽԽ͡
̫壬ָǰѪҲͬʱָǰٹ⣡
ǣô
ذϫҲǳԾޱȡ
ҲһȥһϹŴ֮ء
Ǵ֮صͼڣذϫĸоȷʵڵơ
Ҹ޷ŵǣϵϢȴ֮صͼڣӴ⣬̲סҪĤݣ
ǡ
ࡢ塢̱˴˶ӣ̸оϳš
⣬޸ּ
ǿսѪ
֮ǰ޸ּǰҲʼܱһĸ߰УΪ̫壬ΪϵѪԺ
ѪѾ˥䣬Ҳ塢ʥ塢ѪܱȵģǿԶ֮иõ츳Ǹ߰塣
ڣ֮ѪֻоԼѪ֮ȣǰө𣬸΢
ĸ߰ƺѾ׻飬޵ˡ
𺳵ʱ̣Ѿȫǿа֮£
ս⸽ڰǹϣǹһͬһ㣬ֱŮӶ
Ůֳ־ڽ¶ɴ֮侫â
һ㱡⣬£ֱİǹ
䣡
ǹཻ飬޾һɢ
Ů嵹˳ȥɢ˼ʮɣվ塣
ֳֺɫָ֮䣬ȻһѪ
Ѫͬѩĺ÷죡
û뵽
ŮڶݣĿ⣬ɡ
֮ѪѾõһ洫
Ůһ֡
Ȼ·ˡ
ĳƺ죬·ˣǰŮӣʲôϵ


1890 ɴ
ȷϣǰŮӣǰǰڹˡ
һϹµӰͻӦ˵ʵûо󷨵ĵȫȫӦ״̬
ľʲôݣ
Ϊʲô۾ʥƣôɴ֮µӣ᲻Ҳʥͬ
ƵĿŮӵӣĿ͸֪·Ҫ֮͸ֻϧɴϵķ򣬸޷ᴩ
עӣŮ˿⣬ƽеĺڽָն˶ѪͿĨ˽֮ϡ
һĻ΢΢㵡
ȻѪһɲǣһĻˣһڽȻ纣ˮһ㣬Ѫֱ˽ȥһ̣ɫˣɺת죡
һӲӣ·Ѫнǧꡣ
֮ϣתŴϢԼҵƺжħڽ
һ̣ŮӵƱˡ
ٿ飬ǳˡɱ⣡
Ŀ·𶴴գ
ĿŮЦһһǴôãںеȴô꣬ʶʶһ׶ܳЩʲô
ŮӵŵĳȻЩˡ
һ׶ܳЩʲô
ŲмƺǰŮӣһгƵģ
޺ۡذϫˣҲеɵˣԭΪǰŮӣӦø·˹ϵǳ·˵檡Ů洫һ࣬ôôǿ
ôڿ·ˣǵжԵġ
ǼȻǵжԵģôںУ
ϸ룬ŮһɲǣѾˡ
ȾѪ֮ŮӵĽ쵽˲˼飡
һûųκν⣬ʺĽ棬ȴ·ˣƺӡѪص̺ɱ
ֻо·Ҫնϣ޷
ǡ
ľŮʩչʽ̺ķ򲢷·ˣڡʥ䡷
ʥ䡷֮ƪ
Ȼޱ𾪣еĶȴ˿
ǹХЯ֮Ѫ۷ŮӼս
ΪŮӵͣƾѪǿ󣬻ȴ˿·硣
ŮӵĽնȻѪȴͬҽնɱ
ȻԽսԽľ
ŮӶԡʥ䡷⣬Ѿȫ󣬴ﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣ
ȻŮ϶ԼҪսܵĻΪ⣬һ㣬Ů˵ȴû
Ǿǣ޷ں󣬾ޣͬ棬˵ȫˣ
£Ϊôͣ
顷͡ʥ䡷ֻǵóһֻ˵͸˱ɽһǣҪںϣͽڶԣûпܡ
һԵŮӣڷ棬Ȼ·硣
䣡
µıأŮٴײ
һ˿ƬգͬݲеĲһһѿ
Ůɫ΢΢죬ϵ˿ڱһѪֹ
ϵۼѾ˶ദϢҡ
һҵս
ս˫ǹŽľţƾУ
ں⣬Ѿ޷еˣŮӵǿѾ̾Ϊֹ˼ǣѾ˥ֽʮ죬Ϊλܵ漣
⻹ʥĽô
㡭ҵͣҲҵͣȴսƽұΪ㶯֮Ѫܿľû뵽Ѫ೤ʢȻ֧ŵڣƺӲһǧϢ˰ɣ
ʱһǧϢʱ仹кܾãŮ˵֮ѪΪȱ̫죬ֲҲ֧ôá
ȥӰϢʱ䣬ҵĹͻľѾսʤҲҪ֮Ѫӳֵ״̬£ȫ㣡
Ů˵䣬󳤷һ֡
һ㣬ƺѹǻ塢񣬻жħ
֮ŮӵѸ˾˵ĳ̶ȣһβǵһ֮⾳֮⾳ںϡ
ŮӣûʹùںϵһҪȫˡʵϣΪԣ⾳ںϻǳѣһںķ裬᲻
һɫأУӰɳվ࣬
ĳ֣Ů΢΢һ̥ԭѾ̶ֳˣһںʮ취ˣ⡣Ϊֹˣҵһ㵲ѾĹ룬ȴƴȫһ
Ů˵ʲôȴ˿ӰĹ
ΡĵЯŲԹŵĴ־ѹ
ֻأ
Ů˫䣬ǳ׹䣬
һʱȫס磬ƺˣ
һ˲䣬Ҳˡ
֪ŮʽĿ£û˿ãְֳǹֱ
Ů˵ĲײȫȼѪҲУ
Ϊǡʥ䡷ǡ顷̶ȣŮӣ
ڷľ޴֮£Ҳģôɣ
һ˲䣬һͬʱáʥ䡷͡顷ķ
ǡҪͬʱַ򣬵Ҫʥ䡷͡顷̸ף
Ϊķ򣬶ԶԶһ㡣
а취
Ҫȫںϣֻǽǽʹá
һ˲ͬʱ򣬵ǡз
һ̣Ҳˣ
ȼվѪȫѪڣϢһֻ̣عһƬţ
⾳ȣʮŽɫҳжɽ̨ķͬˮһӿļ䡣
ͬʱԣתħֺԪֻг֡
棬ͷϣͿͬʱַ򣬽ӵеһ£
Ҳʩչģǿһ
ݣ
ǹХԼ־Ůӡ
ʲô㲻ͨʥ䡷Ѿֵزˣ
Ůľû뵽ѾأɵȻʱ̣ͻȻáʥ䡷֮еķںϣ˿µĹ
ֲַ
ʱŮӸȥΪһĴˣôʥ䡷̶ֳˣҲж˭ĹƸǿʱֻȫԸеħֻ
¡¡¡
ֻХ綼ѹ
ӴȻ壬¶ϣֳַѪǹУ
ֻķ򲻶ϵıƿ飡
зӡħǻҲµǹâɱ
裬Хֱӳµ籩ǵĺɫƬӲİ䣬Ѫ죡
ƾһȴǰƲɵ

ħֻһһıƣ
ҵײ˫Ѫģ¶۹ǣҧأһеĳ
ҿ
һֻ񷶥ıըĿһɳ죡
ְֳǹȥ磬ֱŮӵʺ
ٶȿ쵽˼£ֻƣʽϣµδɵŮӣܿ
ۿͷɢȫȾѪٲȻսһĳŮڻʧɫ
ڷȵľԲ֮£Ȼƿֻأ
˿µͳ𺳡
ǹǹ⣬Ѿ񾱲ѾԸܵǹɭɭĺ⡣
ֻҪһǧ֮һɲǣĻ֮ͻᱻǹ˺ʺᱻֱӹᴩ
࣬ĵ̱ǹâҲ޲

һ죬ŮӵĻ֮飬ǹֱ룡
ɫףȴûоֻʶıۡ
һ̣ǹȴ΢΢бŮӵӹ
ŮֻһȻľʶգȴԭϵɴѾǹɣ
һѪŮӵ¡
ʱѾͬһ㣬ŮӲ
һɴѾǹµǹâ˺飬ֱԶ֮УѾĵβʣĵزˡ
֮ѪҲ޷֣ȱƬûһعͷŮӡ
Ůӱԭ磬Ѿ˺ѣȹҲж𣬵Ǳһĸо
Ůӻת
ȻڵѾ޻֪֮ԼѾˡ
㡭˲Ӧ˵ʵңȴӮˡ
Ů˵ţҲӣһһգʥӣһģһ


1891 
㵽ǡ
Ůӣ԰ǹŮӵɴΪ֤еĲ²⣬ŮӸʥĳͬȻɺϡ
Ůӣʥ֮вΪ֪ϵ
ѵʥҲˣ
лͷȴ־ò̫ܡ
ӡеʥһֱԪͻ幦ĻӦ֮ǣʥӳǿս
ŮӿǳЦһȥ˭к壿Ҹʱ֮ӣûн
Ů˵䣬ת뿪
ʱڵһŮӣòȫͬͬʱˡ
ĻŮ΢΢һ٣תĿ
ô
Ů֪ʲô̤Уʧããľ磬ںΪһ壬ʧˡ
Ůʧþԡ
Ůӵĳ֣һš
ʥģ
ǵãԭǺӹս֮˻ۣ֮ʥ
ʥǷԸ壬뿪ȥһңԶĵطһȥ֮á
ʱʥƺ֮
Ϊ̫ŲµĶǣѡ˾ܾ
ڣ޽أ뵽֮ǰʥԼ˵֣˸ָͷ
ЩͷҸӣۼһҲ֪Ρ
ʥ֪֮ʲôʱż棬Ҳ֪ûл֤
û°ɣ
ں֮⣬޺۵˸Ϲ鶼ƽ
ǵ޺ۡߣǶףϹǼ񵽱ˡ
ʥΪУĳ֣˼ת
һǹ𣿡
̿ʵڴ֮ǰǶΪѾӮˣʱ̵֮ʣȴתս֣һǹֱޣ
ҡҡͷʱУתͷա
һţƮ
һʱ䣬ˣס˺֪еĶĽ
ǲ֪⽱ʲôֻǴУǶܵһɿµĵϢ
ƺƷѾԽ
·õô
ţȻֻĶǹϵ󣬵ܼʶǻ񼤶
ջģԻΡ
ǶȥֻĵĿռƺˣһ̣ģƺһ档
ģǺڰУһй⻪Ҳ˵ĸ֪ʹôŬǵʲô
ȻȴУĵܵһڷٻ
˵һ棬ȷʵûֻⲢһ棬һԳϵ档
У̺ķϢķ
֮У·ֻ
һɲǣеķϢоˣʵĵĶһѪ
һδ֮Ѫɢ޾ĿֲϢǳһ㣬ճ
̺İ壬̺ڴ۵Ŀֲ־
ѪϢʮϤϤϢȴ
ԭ棬õĽɫҳѪ̺Ϣͬôûв´ĻһΡʥ䡷µѪ
֮Ѫǡʥ䡷֮Ѫ𡭡
ޱȲ졣
ʥ䡷ߵѪʲô·˵Ľ֮У
ǺӹսԼĿõģ·˺͡ʥ䡷ߵĴս
һսʥ䡷߱·ˣʥ䡷鿪ڵѪҲࡣ
ѵ·ˣʥ䡷ߵѪռԼĽ֮УΪߵĻԵ
ѪһͨѪѪҺľ
˰ʱ䣬̺ľûɢȴΪ֮ԽԽǿѲصƣʱԽԶԽ
Ѿ֮ѪһΡʥ䡷֮ѪΣ
΢΢ԥƾһѪԼģ˽ȥûһ˿졣
Ѫһһ޽лʲô⣬иǿʵȥӦԡ
޺۵ˣԼأȻΪ
֮Уݵƽ֮ܵԼڵͬʱʶƷˡ
һɲǣֻԼһѪһƬĵ档
ǵѪƺһǺǳһ˸
ÿһǳһö¼ɬַ޾ǳ𽥻۳һž
ž棬һʵӰš
ֻ·޾ԶĹȥµľͷ·ȥһ㣬û˿
ߣһƬ޾նһ̲ͣ
ƬƬǺӶ𣬸࣬ڱлΪһɢ
ʱ򣬹žһɳһӨӨ⣬ľͷʵӰһӰ
ӰһŮӡ
ȫŵӲͬŮӷ·һ㣬ɢĹԣÿһƹԵжһССĽɫӰһоģϯǺӣȫ
â£Ұǳʼɳ˲ԼɼԭųǳϷ˲׺ɣı仯Сݱŷ꿪Ҳ㻯Ϊգˮ޾
һѪֲ̺ͬ;磬˴˶ͬһƬдڡžƺѾ⡣
Ѫ֮У̺ˡʥ䡷İ壬ɫҳ
һ˲õĻԵ淨ĺô
֮ǰֻʥ䡷֮ƪҲǽɫҳȴûп֮ƪöѪ֮УҲ˶֮ƪ⣬ѾƲٲ֣֮ƪİˡ
ą̊́Χع¾Զ쾰ԡʥ䡷ͬСɡ
ʶЩûһЩɫҳַʼ¡ѪҺеһЩΰ
飬ĿȻҫ۶ĿĹâſһеһһĹžַϡ
һЩɬŲϢľĿʼ⣬ɬȴȻ侭һ˿˿أ΢â
ЩâȻ΢޾·治Ϩ޾ĺڰԶȥͻһ˻磬ԭ档
صԭ棬Щâ֮󣬶Ȼԭĸһƾޱȵ¡ѭЩâĹ켣Ժ
䣡
ȫһ𣬹Ѫ棬һӨӨѪҺ⣬еĹžȫΧ
âһһߣ·㣬ͬʱ̺⣬Уһһ㡭
ģһĺڰ׹롣
棬ʱ¶ʱһƬš


1892 ʥ۷
е·һƳΣУ֤һϯĺ٣
ⳡٵĹģʥ壬Ҫµö࣬塣
˶ħŰռ䣬Ϳ̿ǧ磬һһĻ
ⳡƽ֮£ıʮĳһЩ棬Ϊġ
ʱ·˺͡ʥ䡷ڵʱ
ƺǴԽ˰ǰ֤һС
ЩƬģ壬еĳȴĪ
ЩĿ¶ħǵأҲʥнĶħʤ
֮⣬𼶡񼶶ħ
̫ǿߣЩħսľԪ
ܶ壬塭
ࡢ塢ʥ壬ǸʱС壬ǴϢռʮ죬չǵ
ǻ˥䣬չ
̣Ҳͬ档
Իͼ
Уʣ龰öѪеļ䡣
ЩħνԨħôʮ̫֮Ž磬ʵ˵ˡԨͨʮô
ȽͣƺΪ̫Ž磬žΪԨڵĴڣ޷𣬹ʶӰǰΪż
ǧ磬һУѲֻأձķ޴ڣô֮Ĵô
лͷ֪ΧѪںϳһ壬ɱ䡣
Ѫı棬ֳķģתϼ뵡
龰˲֪ãĳһʱ̣޷ͻȻ糤ˮһ۶
ЩƬγɾ޴УѪ֮УͬʱѪеڵ֮Ѫγ˹
ˡ
µڻصʱֺɫƬʱƬûȥȫǽžžı죬ƺ֮Ѫ롶ʥ䡷֮Ѫ˴˼
ѪҺ໥γս
µʹ糱ˮһϮĹⲻϵ˺ѣ٣ѪɢѪ֮С
һ̣·𱻽Ѫ
Ȼۿڻȴоֹˮû˿Ļҡ
ͬİ壬ƶôܹ
ޱߵʹ࣬Ҳȫƾһȫǣ£ܹ״̬
Ϊͻͽ
ʥڵĽ˲䱻ͻƣΪڷǣ
ԽԽưܣɭ׵Ĺ¶ֻǽ;֮ƾɱ䣬ƾɼľ
ԼڵȻںϣ·ˣĽɱ֣̳ĺˣõöʥ䡷ߵѪΣõ˶ҩ
ںϵʹ಻֪˶ãѪ⣬ͬǺɫƬĸڣն
㸯Ѫ·µѪ⣬Өףͬ
ʮȥˣѾȫ۵Ѫ֮С
ʱǵѪ֮ϣԵơ
һֱΧĵ޺۵һ׷ͶĿ⣬Ҫˣ
ѪһһģȫѿȫմѪճҺϥѪ֮С
ܵķϢ˫ۣվʱѾȫ飬ȫŴ֮⣬һֳ˸
ѾǵѪҺ𣿡
޺૵˵
Ӧˣ˼ʡ
ذϫ¶ӵ飬ѪҺ֪ĸϹžģƷʶԣѾﵽľ磬˻ԵܲĽ
ʱ򣬴֮µ
һ̣ΪȻѾﵽʥ۷壡
ֳԽĴڣѪΪֱԽʥڣﵽʥ۷壡
ͻͽΪչٶȣԼδϼ
޺̡ۡذϫ˸ǳԾޱȣʥ۷ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣţʥڵʥ۷壬ҲҪüʱ䡭
һӿԽһ磬Ƿȣ
˲ɱǣʲôţǲϵѹΪ
Ϊ̫죬ȥòʧ
ϵģڻϵ⾳ʥ磬ͻϵ⾳ʥ磬ЧȻȫһ
ˣķ̫ԭò̵ܹЩ򣬾ͻƵĻȻӰδĳɾ͡
֣ĬȻ
ȷľǽչ̫ˣʥڵʥ۷壬˼ʮʱ䣬ţʮֹ
ΪչĺҪֲҲ˵ҪѺܳʱ䣬ɴʥ۷壬ͻơ
ͻƽ֮·ϵҪһ㶼á
ʱ塣
ȻѾٶչȺܶǿߵ绹ҪȻȴо֮У·˺͡ʥ䡷ߵȴͬˮͣ޷ںϡ
Ǹռһ֣з֮ͥơ
ȻҪں̫̫ѡ
̾һҪߵһδ߹·
ԺܶŶԣ棬ߵ棬£Ѿǲĳɾ͡
Ҫںϣǽǳ˵Ρ
ԤУǱڣ޷ڵĻչȥԼԣǼΪΣյ顭
Խķںϣй̸ͻƽ
ޱȷصͬب֮·ϵɽҪһһԽ̸ס
١ڰ֮ɸḶ́ͻƽǰ֮Ǻε龰أ
ĬĬ˵ս˫ȭ


1893 
յʥ䡷˾Ѫ֮󣬴ش¡¡ľ죬ڱԭϵľ޴󺮱ĳȥ
֮Ӧģ˵ǰֳһʯ·ʯ·ббͨգƾոֳһ
ɣϣѾƯ˲֪¡
Χһ޴󷨣̺֮ſµһִͬһϣ̶ա
Ӧʹڣֻ֮ǰڵˡ
Ǳ˴˶ӣ֮Уʲô
·ˣûв´伮мص޽о֮ôӦñ֮У
޺ͻȻڣЩĹͷܲ
ڴֺ¡
ڴеĶֻܹһԸ뷨޽Ҳûа취塣
ʯ·ȥô
΢΢üоֻͨ˺Ŀ飬Լǿȥģˣ춼ûȥ
£ǻʸ̤ô
̵Ļõ޺΢΢ԥʯ·ǰվ˺һɵ˵ʴȣҵȶٹ⣬ϾҵĹѪ֮ʣ²ӦҲĮǻɡ
˵䣬޺ÿۣ˵ϣһݡ
ڵ޺ࡢˣҲŹȥķд
ǹʮϢʱ䣬վʱ򣬵޺ʮֻһ̤ʯ·ϣûбų⡣
޺һϲ̤һˣ˶վʯ·ˡ
ϡ
·ϣ޺ĸо·˶ֱӳϴ
ࡢҲ̤ʯ·
űоʯ··ǳ칬еʯ·ƣ·ʯͷ̺ŷϢ
С
һ·һ֮á
ߵüҲΪ˾ܵĸķ
ڣ˵ĸǰ
̧ȥ죬̺ǿϢȫƾ˰ӡ
Žգ˵ʱȴȻ
޺ۺذϫǰ棬С߽
вûΣգܸоķƫͣǷԵ󷨣ֻҪȥƻͲɱ
ڲͨ˽Ų̤ⲻ֪û߹ĵשϣաĿտ
ͨľͷһĴɳͬ㳡һ㡣
Ĺԣʹôͬ硣
̤ֻ룬һ̳
ֻ̳мɸߣȴоŲ̨ףÿһ̨ϣĸϼ˸
ʱѾûȥע̨ˣ˵Ŀ⣬ڼ̳Ͽա
ƯƷÿһȫͬ
ڼ̳֮⣬ӷĹâǺѵһʱϳЩƷʲô
ǿϢ·µģ
п϶ƷǷ
ߣࡢذϫˣǺأΪЩıǵѾˡ
ǰǰóһ֪鱦ٱ
ţ֡
ͻȻڣѭĿȥֻ̳ĳŹ
˵ĹȻû⣬ܿе˼
˵ıķ䡣
ֻ֮Уѡ
һڹͬС
ͨ˵УҲԵõ
򣬵޺ۡذϫȣĽĿѡʵۺ졣
Ȼ޽طıټʶ̫ͦȹ˴δҲҪãµ޺ۡذϫĽҲʲô뷨
ɣ
޺һЩ޽أΪһ̡
ܲܿϣͿЩﵽʲôˡ
˻ķ̳ܸܵ嫵ķ֮ͬϫһһӿ
һ˵ģһ󶦡
ɶߣ͹׾ƿųͼл㡣
Щûκξϸ۵ĸоЩֲڣ󶦱ȥҲûʲôرģֱͬһ˽ĹŶͭһ㡣
ܰȻ֪󶦱Ȼǲ֮ʮа˾ǵ·Я߷
жģ
ͻȻڣſڴ󶦵ڲ࣬ϸС֣Щ֣ǹлŸصķģʮģƺ󶦵ڲһԿ塣
󶦣ǳԽ񼶵
ĿâڶҪ
˵󶦱Ŀڵֺͷģ۲ѣܺúòһĺô
ö
޺Ҳ̾ҲֻǿȻ󣬵ǲ壬˵ģԽĿƷͲһܹʹ˵ġ
¾Ǿ֣Ҳֻܷӳ󶦰ٷ֮ѣƾôնɱ컯ʥʣ
Ǽȥ
𶦵ԱߣһС
ȫգƺԳһһ㡣
֪еĵҩʲôҲŲҩ㣬Щˡ
ȴĸо֮ƺнɢǿ·һӵԵС
ҩô
·µĵҩ̳֮Ϲ˰꣬ǸǺεΣ
ⵤҩԪʯ̥Ĵڣһ򿪵Уҩܻƿշȥǣ˵׼
һöҩ𺳣ࡢɣǵʵһ򿪵УǷܹסö鵤
סףҪ̷Ѷȸǿ֪ˡ
ȼĵҩȥ᲻ᱬ
ذϫ˵ţ޺۶һۣ޺ҡҡͷʾԼѡöҩΪöҩҲԾ
޺ۿĬܵѡƷż
һźɫķֽֽϻķ·
һķҲνּ
֮ǰģѾ˵ּּ֮ͬУ̺ޱȿµ䷨֮˰ʱ֮ȴûһ˿һţǿ
ּ
Ŀ΢΢һּϵ·ŷּá
ļһ̵ֻСƿӣƿɢŵĹΣԸ֪̽飬иܵһϤϢ
Ϣǰ·ǳ칬иܵһΣԲϴ֮ѪϢ
Сƿװģһ֮Ѫ̺Ϣǳ칬еǵΣй֮޲ĸо
Ҳ֮
޺˵ţһѾˣò޽УûܾĶɣ


1894 ѡ
һʱȡᣬÿһдã׸ѡһ
ʱĿ⣬ѾͶ˵
أһҰƴС񴬣񴬱֣ͨ巢űɫ⣬ЩȻȴʮͣûа۵ĸо
ƴС񴬣ҲһԽ񼶵ˡ
֮󣬲ǵ޺ۣذϫҲʼˡ
ƺûһܹʥ尡
񴬡ѵȫˣ񴬱ô
૵˵޺ȴҡͷ
ûõģһҳԽ񼶵ıҲԷΧ£ǻǻᱻʱǾͳ֮Ȼ컯ʥʣҲܶʱƿұȻֻҪȵľͿԽɱˡ
޺Щ
Ԫ칬ڤʱ򣬾
ڤȻƲԪ칬ȴԺľԪ칬
ʱ򣬻Ҫ
һ
Сͨԡ֮У˸ͿС
۸֪һ̽⣬Ųģ
һֻӤƴСƿطӵ·֮⣬ûκرġ
⡭
޺۵Щ壬ûз֮Ҳȫá
ƾܻʥ壿
޺ۺذϫ˶ǸеЩˣһܹ
Ȼʱĵȴмѡ
Ե֮
ȻϴѰ˺ܾõԵ֮
Եߵ֮Ե겻ʶǿ·һԿף
ϧڻûʱ򣬷޲ھػ·ƾټԼ֮ǰӵеԵ֮񣬿أ
仯״̬ذϫ޺۵˶ûз
ǻڼѵľУεľ̫Ҫˡ
޺۵ѡɣص㣬ϵ̫壬ʮδϵⳡٵĽѡʱ򣬱ҪŪЩã
޺˵⻰ʵǸ˵ģ֪ͨ޷Ҳֻ׿ļֵ;߱ܡ
ֱ񴬡ּ󶦡ҩ֮Ѫ
ذϫ͵޺ۣʵںѴмֵĶ
Ҳǡ
޺ۿּҪѡһڻûŪ׹õּǾ֮
ƾܹһɱ컯ʥʵĻ
Сֵܣ㿴ּĹЧǡ
ذϫϣ
Ŀ⣬ҲּϣʵѾעּܾˡ
Ȼ޸ܷ·ķǽĹЧȴǲܡ
ģķϵ·ʼƲķá
˶ǳļΧȴĽ
ѡɣ
ڳʱ֮ͻȻһһٵĿ˵
Ŷǡ
ذϫ͵޺۵۾ˣЩ죬ҲΪˣ֪Ȼô˵Ǿһݡ
δ٣תˣ
ּܹɱ컯ʥʣ
޺̲ס˵Ȼȴ΢΢ҡͷǡûκιǹ͵ּ
ʲô޺΢΢һͣǡ
΢΢˼һ˵û´һܹʹõּþǡʮ죬Ҳǡ̾Ϣǽ
ˣ˶סˡ
̾Ϣǽ
־ķʽǲǡô
޺ۡذϫһۣǿ֪ʮ죬кܶ춼״̬ụֻ̂кٵǻǲȫʺ棬ֻΪ̾Ϣǽ̫񣬴Ӷˡ
ӵЩĻʥҲδǲܵ顣
Ϊ컯ʥʣҪ̾ϢǽҲҪѲСĴۡ

޺۲֪ʲôζ૵ظš
ֻˡ
ذϫ̾һĵ޺۵ļ
Ǿʹ뿪̫棬뿪ԼĹ磬Ļ˸С
棬ҲѾ;ĩ·
塭
޺Ĭţڿһδ񣬶֣ǵּץ˹ȥ
ڹػ£ּΧ󷨲û޺ۡ
˳ĽּץС
˿ĴУõ޺۵˫΢΢ţץŵģ̫δ
СֵܣѾѡˣѡأ
ذϫʵ
΢΢ʣµȡʵڲһ¡
˼ʮϢʱ䣬ڿ񣬶Ҳ֡
ȣץöԵ֮
ΣöһҪõ
ţ··µĵĴС
⡭
˵˶е졣
΢΢üĿ
ΪһѡĶӦΪĶ
ȻʣµУֵ̿Ӧöصĵҩ
ĶվǵҩȴֱʵֵȻ
ѡ⣬ѵʲô˲õĶڣ
һ
Ŀ⣬ʣµһһɨ
֮Ѫô
֮ѪȻãѾչһˣڶΣЧȻۿۡ
֮ǰõˡʥ䡷֮Ѫ
Ĵֲͨͬںϣ⣬ںȻס
֮Ѫȷ
󶦡صҩ񴬣
Ȩ⣬һҧץ񴬣
ֻаƴСۣУתţͨףɢ͵Ϣ
ˣѡҲˣԵ֮񣬻С񴬣


1895 ʵľ
ڶѡ񴬡
ذϫ̡޺۵˶һ¡
񴬣Ӧ·ݣƷԽ鱦齢
Ȼ˵һ齢ѶȣҪȶһһöҩѶȸ󣬺ķѲϵļֵҲߣԣȻƿ˷Ĵ󶦣ôҩΪиĺô
齢岢
ѡ齢Ϊˡ
޺ʵѾµΪʲôѡˣǲȷſѯʡ
ΪּҲ岻ƬǺ޷ִ̫ıԵǻûа취̾Ϣǽ
ڵ̫壬ѾʥΧŻǺ޾ĺڶʱʱ䡣
£ҪͻΧʵϣã
⡭
޺ۡذϫĻѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
һѡᣬѡ齢Ϊ̫Ӯһ飬̫ˣ
ҡͷǲлңһʴҲҲΪԼ塣룬ּ̫ƿռϱڣ򣬶齢Я֮еһ壬һƿ̾Ϣǽǰ档
ڼ֪ҪԼҪ൱е𣬶Կʥ壬һɵ
ݣѾǲɱˡ
ףʮڴ磬˿ڼ֪٣ǷɢޱȹĿռ䣬Ҫȫɱǲܵ顣
ʥ嶯һȺѰɱ࣬һ궼ɱꡣ
ǣʥ岢Ҫ壬ֻҪĴоˡ
ֻҪʥأͻʧȥøһΪͳεū壬˥䣬Լͻˡ
ԡľӢ
Ρȡ¡гա𣬽ˣ콾ЩˣδҲ߳ɾͣҪǴȥ
ڶ̶̰ʱУģҲֻЩˣڼ˵Ͷ·Ļ£Ψһѡ񡭡
Խ򣬸𣿡
޺΢΢˼̫ϣһѡͬΪʥĿ꣬
ȻشҪʻ㱨ʶᡣ

޽֮Уôˡ
õҪĶԵ֮񣬽ǵȴ
ڴ֮ǰҪЭ̫ɳ롣
е֣²ɣǡδĻԼԤǰ㷢չô
޷жϡ
ıˣ죡
ʧܣԼҲɱҲΪԼѡ񣬲Ϊܾʥڡ
һУıġ
ڰ֮еĻԪ𣬿µһдĿĵּ֮ǼᶨԼ
ȻǣҲҪԼıģһȥ

ص̫壬ѾȺʱˡ
ƽִӵ޺֪ľʮֳԾȻĲҲû뵽޽صı־Ȼ޵̶ֳȣԽһȼնɱϹʱǿš
ϵ飬һڴӦ
Ȼ˵·ȥһ򣬻Ӵķգδؽкô
ûûӣֻԴС
·˵µ齢ô
ںʯʯԱߣΧǿǣǱһ飬ټһ
֮ǰоˣ齢СԳһռ䣬ޱȹԽǺУ̫ȫɽȥ
һ齢Ҫװ¼ʮߣѣһ߳ʮƽ򣬾ʮˣֲĻڣǧڶܼ򵥡
ҽ齢ˣЯռ䷨ɵˣֻʼʽ
ڣ˿ڣʵֻпļǧˣЩȫڻǺ
˿ڣҲûж٣ȫһ齢У´ࡣ
ƻһºʼʵʩʱչжټˣ齢ڶʮ֮ڣȫȫתƣ֮齢ǵͿͻΧˣ
ʴһӣ
ʵⲢһλ飬ֻһ֪ͨƻѾƶˣ˭ԸԸ⣬ӡ
ͻΧ𡭡
ۣڳǿ߶Ĭ֪ͻΧԲסǲɱ飬һãȫû
ʮͻΧսغ̫
˳Ĭܾ֮ͻȻĵؿڣ
ڡ
վ
ʴȰĿ˵齢ԭѾɿȡְɡ
һƿ
һ̣Ŀƺ˴ϱڣããǿա
ͽϣɡ
ĬĬ˵

޺۵˴޽ش֮Ϣȫˣֻ塢ĸ߲֪й¶ȥ̼ʥ壬ǲϧ۵ĺɨǺ
壬Ҫʱ䣡
ʶһºټˣչжʵǵȴ޸ּ
һص壬һͷ֮С
ʱ䲻ˣ·齢ĸҪʥİΧȦҲΪѡ
һƷʵּĻ̻˳ö࣡
һʱ䣬еձüΪѹ֡
ÿղҹ޸ּԭΪͲߣּϵĴܻƳĶķ޸Ϊѡ
ǲ˼ʱ̴Э
⼸ԭҲǹѧ֡
ʱѧɲΪ͵ʦʲôģֻܹи࣬ǿּԸʥ塣
ȴķ֣ŬȴҲ㶼ѧᡣ
ר֮⣬˸κͷ
һһŵּ޸Ļĵ;ƿݵĳ̶ȡ
ȻٴϢһһĻָ
սʱ굤
һ޸ʼϢʱҡ
ΪͻΧҲ㾡ˡ
ó굤ǼƷеļƷרļƵģϣϧѪó
ʱû˻ʲô᲻õģֻҪܶһá
ллˡ
дεƣʱɫ԰ף۾вѪ˿ڵңҵĲ϶һء
ΪЩּȽأҪּϣһġ
Ҫģľ͸ˣֻһ㣬Ҳľ
̿Ǹ֮ɫΪԼ֮ǰĵͳΡ
עϢ
ҧ촽˵
Ļͨ˵ֻǿԸ˵⻰ȴΪѵá
֪ˣллǵ굤
ǷȻ굤Ĳ
ԣʱǿȵ޸ּһݶԼĻ굤ӳ֣ǿ޼ɵ͸֧ԼĻҪǷº֢
š
̵ͷĿһۣ߳ҡ
ּ޸ڽŵĽš
Ѿ֪ٴ͸֧ʱ֪ڸǿ֮⣬ȴڷһغĿ顭


1896 Ѫؾ
ǿյһŽǳ
ǳı棬һֱǧľ޴󶴿ڣ󶴵ıԵʮ룬ȻȻγɣǿߣôиġ
󶴣ףУͻָᷢӾ˵һĻڴǧ֮󣬾ͻһޱȹľ޴ռ䣬쵽ıԵ͵ǽǳڲͿһ롣
޴ռײһɺѪأǧѪɱ죬˾塣
ѪصϿգһɫ۵ˣƯš
ˣһͷѪɫĳòԹţ̡ͬ
ʱս˫Ŀ˫ֽ汧ǰʮָȫչļѴдʣƺһιž
£Ѫ֮˻Ѫζ죬ģݴѪðѪҺһ㡣
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼѪе˻ҲԽԽڡź¡һ죬һ޴ͷ­ѪгߵѪˣֱʣ
Ѫ꣬ͬٲһкȴɽ˫Ŀһ
Ѫ֮䣬ȴûаöմϡ
ղŴѪðģһͬħͷ­ͷ­аﳤһǺѪڣһɫĶ
޴ͷ­Ť
ʱѪٴηݣź¡һ죬һͷ­ⷭ
һһĶѪѾ֪ˡ
ʱ߽ǳڲһĿɿڴǻΪѪһ޴ݷ
Ȼ˳ԾһĻˡ
ӿĶﵽʮʱѪеɺѪҺʼļ٣ɺԡ
ѪصѪ治ϵ½½¶Ѫڲһ޴ޱȣֱı״壬Ѫһɫϸ»ΪѪˡ

Ѫͬٲһӱ״к¶һִĺɫ
Щ˴˽棬εű壬ȫˡ
ѪԽԽͣ״ڻ䶯ţͨͨľ죡
ģк嫵֮ӱ״дƺһ޴Ѫ⡣
ʮĺɫǳ棬Ѫ⣡
Ҳ˵ʮɫǶĸ壬һ壡
״޴ķ֧
޷Ƕôµֱӵеʮͷ­ÿһɢµϢ˿
¹ĳ֣ƯɫˣüͷԽԽ޽ǴѾ߳һܵĺ飬ƺļ
ĿͬһıţϵоԽԽ죡
γһۿɼģǸ޴Ĺͬţ뺣һ㣬û塣
˵ԽԽȫѪӿԪ籡ĹâԽԽͬҫ̫һ㡣
ʥ֮ӡ⣡
Ȼ˫ۣоģһȫγһ޴ӡµĹ
öӡںϳ˵ͷ񣬻ûڣʧ
ء
ء
﷢ͳͬǳƺӰˣΪ֮
̣ų˰ʱ䣬š죬һĻˡ
ʮͷеһͻȻڻڳʺѪҺ
Ϣ֮һͷѪҺ
ʮͷڻȫѪҺ
ѪҺӿŻԡЩѪҺ󣬹Ҳڻȵһ㣬ΪҺ塣
գȫʧһƬѪء
ԭǳڲͲʲôѪأ޴Ĺɵģ
Ѫȫƽȥʱɫ±˫ĿдϢղŵоʩ˲
˿ʼϢʱͻȻһǰը죬üͷһ壬˫ۡ
ۡϹʲô
Ĺʣһ̣˺գһ̤ΧĳȻһתһʯɵĴ֮С
룬ƯһӰ
Ӱģ壬Ȼֻһ
ģƤ⻬ͷڷ٣ǹǣ˫ĿǲƺѾнľ
òʮֹĸо
꿴ˣ΢΢ѿƺĲС֪ʲôʥ֮ƣ
ɫ۵ˣʥ컯ʥʣ
ĵδ̫ˡ컯ʥĮȻղŵʩ㾿ʲô
컯ʥƵĿۣȻʱͽ⣬Ҳ㲻ѡ
רһϢ
ϣնûаָ飬
˵
һˣȥ̫棬ܱȽϸȤС˵컯ʥüһ
̫棡
컯ʥʵȻİ
һµ꣬Ȼ԰Ĺ䣬ѹ곤ΪҲ߳һ󾳽컯ʥӣ
ˣֻҪʱ䣬δ
ڣ
컯ʥʵȻɳʹ֮ڣɱնݳ
ֻ֮ǰ컯ʥҪ忪չʥ忪չٱղǳڲصѪء
һΣ컯ʥʾȻӻ֪Ѿ̫棬Ҳʥڹ棡
̫ͬʱ˳ɱ
·㲻ߣ㴳
컯ʥЦһ۾֮˸ѪĹâ
ɱھϣ


1897 ﷫
磬ʥء
һƬʯɵĴУһվһ̳ϡ
˫ֽǰ˫Ŀ΢أ֪ͬĴһȥ̾Ϣǽ
꣬ǻۡ
ǿ۵ףҲԸ֪ᴩ̾Ϣǽ
ǣǰĳӡǣôͬһ棬ܸʮ죬֪Է
ۺ컯ʥʣڱ˴ϣӡǣֻҪ˫Ը⣬ͿԸŲֱӽ
ϵ컯ʥʣΪ˸йϢ
˻
˫ۣͬʱ컯ʥ֮ĸ֪ضˣڻǰԭģ컯ʥӰʧ
۳ĬӼ̳һһͷɫĳѩ׵ĳϣӱӰȥһ绪ïһ㡣
ڻ۵ǰվȫźɫŮӡ
Ůӣʥ
ʱʥ΢΢ȥ鵭Į˸롣
ô
ͻȻ˵ʥü΢΢һδ
Цˣ㲻ظӣʲôҴҲиоǴ˽ҵĸ֪֮ȥ̫棬һ˽̸һӵʱ䣬㶼˵ʲôأ
ϹŵЦݣЦݣ˲
ʥһδֻվİĴ֮Уһźɫ۵İܡ
۶ʥʮϢʱ䣬Цҡͷƽʱһģһ˿ûңתҲɣһͷˣ
һתȫƶȻɱ磡
ԭǵ۾ҲҲΥң֪ҵļֵжҿδԿףôˣڿһʵҰĵҲκ˽֮ƻ
ϵɱ⣬ͬԾԨĺ磬ʥֱɭɭɱ⣬оԼĻԪš
һŻۣ˵㲻вңѾû·ѡҲҵѡ񣡡
Ȼ˵ţʥȴ֪ʲôζνѡʵģġ
Ӧ˵ʥϵ˾ֻǽŸ̸һ¶Ķѡ
ããܺãһ˵֣ڿ֦ҶеС棬Զ֪ĺΪǵҰ̫խˣҲ̫̣Զ޷ѩ
òΪһֻСɡ
˵䣬ʥֻһԶ
Ĳߣֻģʥĸ˵۾ȫƽġ
ĿԣʥĿ֮У̺ӵС
۵һ仰ʥҲ˵ȻõģȴȫǲͬĽ
ʱš
ٽ٣ӿ
һİԼĴ㣬ôʮһĻᣬʵԼҰģ
˵޵ģЩվߵǻ۲֪ٻԵ˲֪ɱ˲֪ĥѲߵһǲ˵İţԸֻأҪԼƿԼˣ磬У
ۣԼ컯ʥʣеһԱ

Ҫʼô
ڻǺ̫ܲ
վڹ̨ϣĿ޾Ǻת
ǲϵĿ⣬·͸δ
ʱ£̫ˣѾϡϣšаǧˣǧˣһǧˣǧˣ塭
һ𹧾վţ޺ǰе鱨һһ㱨ʡ
ʻĵͷǿɶһսΣճ̶ȣԼ̫壿
޺˵һ׼ʱͻΧ
õġ
תĬĬ䣬֮УŴɫķֽ
ŷֽ·µױּ
ּڳΪ֮ݣǴ˴ͻΧ̣
Ǹ͹컯ʥһأ
¡ڳһ̤ͬǰһϥأ˫־ٹͷͷּ
ǡˣ
ʿˣ϶
Ϊ·ױʷּҪǼ򵥵飡
ҳǸǻǣԼԴȼ֮𣬴
ʦ𣬴ּɣ
޺۹ִľ˫֡
ֲ㡣
Ķվ˵޺۵ǰǰɡ
š
ʿǵ䣬Ѿ˰ǧꡣ
̧һӣּͷɵϡ
ԡСԡţȥһţԳСϣ޺һĬĬ¡
֪ʵľԼǸı䲻˵ġ̫ж֮Уֻᡭ
˺׳ˣδսδ
߰ɡһǡȥս

ɫǿգ
ڳŤʱպͺڶеĻǺһͨ崿׵齢ֱĻգֱɶ
Ҵ齢룬һ޴̣ʮΧΧΪ齢ṩ
һſʯȼա
վ֮⣬ĬĬĿһС
ԱߣǷɳۺ˵ǿա
ʼˡ
һԤУһͻΧ֮սΪȫսĵ
δ̫δԼԼδͿһսˡ
£ǰʥĿռ齢ĽףһĴѶ鱨
ȥ
ʼ򵥴ֱĻشĮɭɭɱ

ѶϢȥ齢Ȼ١
䣡
һ죬Ȼһ
ʥķֱ˺Ƭϣšȴ˿ûм٣ͬʸֽһ䶴
·µ齢ļʻ£ִķ赲ģ


1898 ɱ
Ϯ
ʥĽ֮У˴󺰡
ʮŴһȼ鱨ͨѸٵĴݿ
ʲôˣô
ϰٸʥǳ˳
Щ˴һЩСͷĿӣԭڴޣսȻ죬񫣬ͻȻϮľòжˬš
ȺСͷĿʥΪͻȻһͨ崿׵ľ޴齢ֱɶǶЩ
߽齢
һʥΪ׵ģһĸߴӣΪƽʱҲмϳҰɫ齢ǱѰĴСͬһСǳ룬ǿʮɼ
ѵҪǲ칬ķߣ
󷨣׼УͬʱҿȺǻζˣ
ӽ´ЩʥսȻ˵ʱȴ̿
ȻҰɫ齢ȴûгǵս󣬶һֱȥ
ʲô
ӽЩˣһǲ칬칬ڵķ
ǲ칬Ув
Ҫ֪ܶ칬һҸƷ׵ķսǱѰ
Ƿɱ
ӽЩ¡
СͷĿЦѻʯ
ԭԲݣԸȴײԼҪ˭Ҳס
ЦۣȻӽȴɫЩŹ֣ɣɫ齢
ӽţȴ㵵ķ֣齢Ѿ˲칬˿٣ӣҪײȥ
ˣ
ӽȫˣ˿ֲײȻᵼ¿͵ıը߽齢ڵ󷨺ͺʯը󣬻ԽʥУ˺Ƭ
ݣݣݣ
ƯеĲ칬󷨵Ĺ¹⣬һâ칬ڲ칬ķ󷨣
Ĵ󷨣ټ칬еһеĲ𣬼ͨȫһܺ󷨡
齢ȥǸǼʯͷĴɱΪ

˾͵ſɫ齢ǿгױը̻ˡ
Ȼڰɫ齢ײ󷨵һ˲䣬齢ͷͬ󷨵Ĺâγһ޴ĵ棡
иֻһ죬칬ķ󷨱ȫ˺ˣ
ֽһ㣬
󣬰ɫ齢Բ˼ٶȣ˲칬
䣡
칬ڱɫ齢˺ѣɫ齢ֱƶ룬ȫ칬
˳ϯ칬еʥߵв֪µײв
ˡ
Ȼɫ齢Խ㶨ٶȶ޴Ĳ칬칬һֱ࣬ӴѤõıը⣡
ָоͬԷıǹ˰һ㣡
һ̣칬ȫ̮칬Ƭ֪ٲ칬߱档
ɫ齢ͬӻдķˣƲɵб
Զڼʮ֮⣬ӽˣĿɿڴĿֲһĻȫɵˡ
Ұɫ齢ȻᴩƷʵͬ鱦Ĳ칬
ǱΪѻʯױըİɫ齢Ȼ𣬶칬ȴ˺Ƭ
ȫ෴
찡ʲô
ʲôˣ
ڱ˺ѵĲ칬֮Уͬһ㾪ŭһͷ׷ĸݵߴֱ̤׷ɫ齢ȥ
ӥɢâ
ǲԼ칬٣
ƣ
ߴһһĳлûһֱǧӲӵ֣֮Ȼץɫ齢󷨣ٵ齢Ķ֮Դ
¡
ɫص˰ɫ齢ϣ齢ȻһٶȻ
Ȼ޴ĳȴŲһǰȥ
ʱ£
齢֮У󷨵ͻȻо齢ٶȽܵĪʥλ𣬸ľ룬ǣǵ齢
ĨɱսپĮ
ǡ
ֱӳ˰ɫ齢ǶҪ룬˲ĨɱһλҲףϾԷ򲻹ߵġ
ʱеһˣһŷƵķֽԭֻͨµּǱ޸Ѿͬն
˸ּȼͬʱҲЭ֡
âգԲ˼ٶֱ
мһ磬˺
ţ
𾪾壬֮Уܵ˿µҳֵ˵ʵԶԶ
⣡
󾪣弱ٵ˳ȥȻˣ
ּųâ̫ˣ֮󣬸޿ɱܡ
ҫ۵⣬˲
ͬʱĹҲϵһȫ˲塣

𷢳һҽУâ飬Ҳ׻ҷ
һ𣬶еٮٮߣĨɱ˲
ʲô
ʮ֮⣬ӽһĻĶˣ
ƽһμ䣬һλ
ƽʱ߲ͬʣ
Ǿڸղţһλȴ˲䱻ɱգۻҷ
˿µ龰ӽȫˣͬʯһ㡣
ӽߣ߸ǲһ巢亹乡
⵽һʲô齢ּ̧䣬Ĩɱλ
̫塭ѵ㳲ˣ
ӽȻʶֿܣ̫壬ڲıΧˣҪͻΧˣ
촫Ϣ
ӽʱӶȫˣʼʶһײΪʥ̫ܾսĵ
ʵӽĲ칬еҲڿٵĴϢЩϢܿʹ컯ʥʵĶС


1899 
̫Ľڲ
컯ʥһֱľ޴ѪɫԲ֮ϡѪɫԲ򣬲ϵ䶯ţһͷ­ѪɫԲдڻѪˮ䣬ܶʼ
ͬʱһ޴죬Բڲ
䣡䣡䣡
ͬغǳ𶯡
ֲصյڲռ䣬Ϊߣվռ֮У̱̺ŸĿӰ죬ձ֫⡣
ĻУһӣ컯ʥʵǰ˫ַء
£ս
Ѿ˺ܾˣĸߴ󣬼У̺һ˿
꣬Ǳܹ컯ʥӡ
İ֮Լֻǹȥʮʱ컯ʥӾͱܣҰܵ
ô˵棬ħ塢塢ʥڳ컯ʥӱñӣδޣѪֱеܴ裡
Ƕʮȥ컯ʥ踺أͷޣҪѩܣ
ǣƺʧȥѶҲ
ֱǰЩ죬컯ʥӲŵ֪Ѿ̫棬Ҳסˣһֱ컯ʥս
컯ʥʣûлӦ
ղţ֪̫ڳһҼƷ齢ǵİΧȦǣ컯ʥӱٴӧ
£϶Ұɫ齢֮ϣ̫棬ӦǸ̫˵ģƺѾ˵̫ڶҪӳ̫棬ӻ򣬸ϣ
컯ʥΪĶ֣Ҳ˽⣬³һࡣ
Ȼ컯ʥʣȴ΢΢ҡͷ㲻Ķ֣޶ʮ꣬աĲ෴ˡ
컯ʥʵһͬһˮһӽ컯ʥӵͷϡ
ҡ컯ʥս˫ȭȻвԸϣȴʮĿ¡
Խ׻ԼǺ߾ϣֹȥʮֻ꣬ԽԽ
컯ʥҧһĶ֣ҲҪֻҪսϻɱһԲҵ֮ģ£ú
컯ʥһݣȻ컯ʥȴҡͷ㲻Ҫִţʱ򣬾˽ܳɳĽ׶ΣҪ͸ط̤Ϸ֮·ʱҲһ˳ͺá
ߣеʱҪۣҪ·̫˳ˣһδδǻ¡ͬˣȻɳ׶ξһЩۣ׷ԣЩѾ΢ˡ
Ҫʧܣֻǣվʧ˻ܴͷȴûˣʧˡֻ
컯ʥ˵Ǿ޴Ѫɫ컯ʥʵϢȾҵ䶯һʱ䣬Ϊ䶯š
߰ɣýˣҵĴƣһСƻɳ֮ǰҾͻὫɱ
컯ʥ˵ϵɱȻͬˮһӿ
컯ʥʽߵ컯ʥһоԼ·׹Ԩ
Ҳδһеĸܵ컯ʥʵĿ¡
ˣ
Ѫɫ䶯ԽԽңԭʣѪأѸٵĸɺԡ
Ѫ֮ˮѪɫգɣ
ڹ棬ʼֳһ޴ķģЩ⣬ȫ۵컯ʥʵüġ
һ̣컯ʥüļ䣬Ҳ˷ģͨɫķһģһ
ѵ컯ʥӿһĻԾĪĸоʱ˿̣Ѫɫ컯ʥʵʶѾһ壡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ſֲľ죬컯ʥʽµѪɫ֮У˼ʮɫĶЩţһĳѪɫڵľ޴ǳ֮У
򣬶ھҵĲɫ˺Ѵأӿ̫ա
Ӽʮ֮⿴ǳͻῴµһĻ
ǳﵽ⣬ʼ̮ˣ
ǳ̮ķ϶֮УޱߵѪɫԽԽ࣬ˣ
ָоͺƴĸĹǹ̫ǿĸҲˣ
⡭⡭
˺ƴֲһĻ컯ʥ
Ѫɫһǳ
ʥޡġ컯ʥһڿˮ£ѵѾʥ޽˾ϵԿˣ
컯ʥӾĪʥʥޣ֪
ţʥԭԨħмȿֲĴڣȫǡԨħġ
ǡɣ
̫żԨĿµط
ڴſֲĽ磬磬Ϊ硱
·˺͡ʥ䡷ߵӰӡ
˵˶𾳽Ԩħ޷硣
ǡġȴˣôģö֪
ֻһȷϣġ뿪Ԩ֮ģҲȫˣǼˣҲɱɴ󲿷Ŀʵ
ġĳ֣ʥ˿ǰѣ
˴ʥǿߺʥˣǿ
ʥʥʴһ֣ǿΧˡġ
ġشԭһԪɢ˾ųɣ
ǼˣʥҲκβ˻ġ
£ġʥǩԼ
һƽԼʥΪġѰѪʳɣġΪʥս
ġʥʥޡ
ԭʥҰĲҪʮ죬ǣʮǰʥսʥȴ൱ʹĴۣ
£ġʮǰһսȼΪشѾ˳˯ôôģ
컯ʥӸоţôʥ岻ֹһҪѡġǶʧˡ
컯ʥʲˡġƺѾеš
䣡
ֲľڳ޴ѪڣԽԽѪ˳ȥ˽ǳĴ֮Уʼɽǳ
ԴԴϵ롰ġڣȻǳȴʼήԪݽߣˮɺԣسֵơ
ЩɺԵģʧȥԵأҲġȫɣһֱľ޴򣬾ôġȥ
̣˲һӵʱ䣬ؾ䣬컯ʥþòƽ
Ȼ˵ġصǴűϾǴţֻ𺳡
һ򲢲ѣһͺˣ̵һǺεΰ
Ϊһһ׷۷ߣ컯ʥӶŽĳԡ
Լģжã
ʱ컯ʥӲźȻ֣컯ʥʵ˫ţ֪ʲôʱѾˡġѪ֮С
׼ȷ˵ݽȥ컯ʥʵѾġѪһѪѾͨŵˡ
٣
컯ʥЦһϡӣһɫһѪ¡𣬿Ϊɲ
ǳʲôʮǰġ۷״̬ʱѪҲ֮һǣ
컯ʥˣ컯ʥסˣʷ


1900 ޹
Ϲʱʮǿƣ˾Ԫϵ֮⣬ϵ棬Ҳмߵĳɾ͡
ǾǡأŶݼףǣ
ܶߣѡ֮·ߣѡ˷˫ޡ
Ǹʱ忡
ǺʮǰĴ٣عı䣬һ;ħ䡣
ͻưŶݼףͻƵǣǾ͸һܵˡ
ǳ֮·֮ΪУ
ʮֻ꣬ͻ˵ǣһǻԪƾѪĺͻơ
һȻûк飬Ǽ̳˻ԪĴк־СħԪͷ֮Ѫͣղһͻ
ԭ򣬾Ϊʮǰĸı䡣
ʥ壬񣬽עڡġڣжʮ֮ǵϵ
һˣѾǽڳԽĴڣӵеĿΰˣ
Դһսʧȥ˵壬·նһֱۡ
йصǵĴУҲʧˡ
һսڵʹ崫жʧ˺ܶ࣬ʥ
ǣԽԽƣʥͻ壬һӵ̫żһӵԭ棬ȴԽԽǿ
Ȼ˿ɿԳΪ۷֮һʵĻʥͻ壬̫Զˣ
ġġȻΪʲôʮĴ٣ʥ廹δ̲ܳ壿
ԨħģѾʼɳۡ
Բ˼ٶȣӹ޾գ컯ʥվڻǴǳһϣѯ컯ʥʡ
ʮǰһսʣ棬Ҳֻ򱣴ʥܱԭ򣬱֪õʲôԵʵǿ󵽿ѹʥʣУе֣
ʥսѹʥ塭ʥʥʣáġ֮ǣӲʵǣȴԲӡԼġ󷨡šġֱ֮ӽġӡˣԡġŻһս֮󣬳˯ѣ
ʥҲپʥʣûٻѡġʧȥġġڻһƬ޴ѪΪĺܶʥ𣬶֪ĺʵǡġı塣
ԭҲ޷ѡġֱҵõ˺顣
ú飬ˡġһ󲿷Ѫ⾫Լ壬һҸѪͨҵľӡѾûġġڣ
ڣġѾҵľӡƣǡҵķ
˵컯ʥʵĿÿֲ
ӡӣؿڣ¡ѪܣѪܲ컯ʥʿͬħ
ʶץץ֣·Ҫ棬У
СġΪҷʮ˭ܵң
컯ʥʵռصΪʣԶǳ
컯ʥȼԼҰģⳡ٣̾Ϣڽʧʮд󲿷棬Ϊһ壬ؾչ޾ԴԹӶᣬǰòģڶԵõʵԼҰĵ

ʱ֮⣬ϣš齢Ѿʼʥչɱ
ʥ𣬽Ӷĳ֣ϣš
ϣšȻǳԽ񼶵ȻʻģϾֻУϣšһɶ
¡
һ죬ϣšʥ嶥ֲõ󷨵Уٶ轵ɡ
꣡
ļĦáϣšͨȼõ⣬̫һ㡣
λһ֣
ʥһжΧ̫壬ôĴۣͷ̫ӵ
ͬʮλλųսһ֣ͬ
ʮ˶𣬶Ҷеٮٮߣǲµս֪Կ˲Ϣ佫һֱǧĳǣɳ
ǰǿٽԼǿֲ󷨣ɫĮ
׼޹ڣ
ϣš齢Ǽ򵥵ĽͨߣĽϣƿش󣬶ҸһµǾǡ޹ڣ
ó޹ڣҲǳԽ񼶵
ϣšдȫ߶޹ڵҲۻ£һ׻ͺǣ̶Ŀ±ըԲջϵ
ֻϧڳ޷ӳ޹ڵ˵ǰ󣬾컯ʥҲҪǱӴܡ
һʱ䣬ʯҪǮӽˡϣšĴ֮Уһȼգ
ڴ֮Уֳһϵĺɫڣڵϣƿ෱ӵ޷ģ˿һ۾񾪲
޹ǵƵķһ֣ʹſµѹ͸մݳȥʥܵ˿ֲɱ
ʲô
ʥ𣬿ˡϣš׵޹ڣڿǶֱסĸо
һʱ䣬أϸСĹ㣬޹ڻ۶ݣ޹ڳХһһ֪ʮﳤĴִᴩ
꣡
ſ񱩵ͬһȫһƬâʲôǸ֪Ҳڿµ籩бȫŤ

ʥҽУǵ屻޹ڵ֣˲ڻлɷɻң
ʥҲֵ޹ڵĳ
һκֱɱʥһʱ䣬޹ڵȫ


1901 ں

⼸ʥս̫棬ûʲôˡ
һսûô򣬾ѾȺˡҶλ
ҪܶԷѣҪɱԷȴǳס
Ͼÿһߵһд˼ӳֵĳţһ·ɳ֪жٻԵжٱĵơ
ķҲ쳣ǿޱǿ
ǾˣҰɫ齢ȴ˲ҷ𣬱ֱɱʵǾ㤡
Ҫ֪ʮǰʥչȫ漤սʥһҲ˼ٸ𣬶д붼λλڽʧλʧѾǳˡ
ҲˣսһЩǿ󣬻ָҲˣЩˣڻ޸š
齢ôôǿ
ʲôű£
мɵ֮ǰѾϰ˴̫ɢӴܣ仨ˮԭǶԣΧ̫棬ʹˮѹսʱǻᾭĴܡ
ǣǣҪ棬Сڣ̫屦࣬ǵˣ
ж
ʱʥԽԽ࣡
ʥ棬ÿĿԴﵽλѾǧһ֧ޱȿµ
Ƕԣ̫̫ˣ˼ʮ𣬱ҲԶ
ղŵһڣ˶
վ޹ڵ֮ǰ򾲵ʵ
Űٷ֮໹ܷʮڣ뱣ϵֺͷ󷨣ҡ̫࣬ǵҲ᲻С
޹ڿȼʯҲҪ󷨡
һԽ񼶵ķڳѹ֪ˣ
ʮô
ʮָ棬ָнûţ˼ǰʽ
ʣ̫ʥʵϴھ޴Ĳ࣬ϣšֲ
ٷʮڣҲɱΪʥ˷ǻܿ޹ڵڿڣɱǸѡ
ȥҪǲ
ʮ侲ϣšΨһ̣Ҫܿʥ壬ֻҪΧȦʥڻǺµĿռǾͿƾ衰ϣšʩչռŲƣǾʱȫˡ
ʥ𣬲̫Ը
̫֮УӰ´£ͽѾãʣȫ
Ҳֻ𼶵ߣԡϣšܹöѡ
õ⣬ǿн֯Ԫӿͬ籡
һֵĳ棬ƴ֮
ǣǣʱ䣡
ʥ嶥һץɫԪûһ޴ƣֱץסϣŵĽ塣
𣬳ֵĽǶȼƻǱܿ޹ڣѡ԰ȫǡ
ţһⷨһͭɫĴӣӺŹױصĺڡϣšϣ
۵
һ죬롰ϣšķֺݺݵײһ
ڴӱˣϣšȻ𣬵ǽд洢ȴ˲١
λͬޣԶ룬Ľ⽢ӦǶ鱦ƿܣֻҪĸɣôȺ̫֮׸ˣ
ӵĶȫӲӣɫĮ˵
˵öԣûҪӲ
ڳ𣬷׷Զ룬һϹЦַ⣬˷Բգ
ϣšڻţֽڴҲ
̫𣬼սʮԼĵˣ
ݣ
޹һκ
ִĹᴩǿգµ籩ϯ
Ȼʥ׼ĸо޹ܺ󣬾ǰһֻܿһλΪٶȽ֪о˽ȥ
˿µУǽȻǻҷ𣬺

޹ڵһصһȭ󷨼̨ϣȵµҵߣǿҵ΢ȴɱһȺȮ
޹Ʒ̫ߣһȺ̫߲ģһͯһ廹ĴͷѾҪ˾̫׾ˣֻҪжһĶ֣ɱܿ
󷨼̨֮ǰĬĿһУԺĬĬ޹ڵĺ
һ󷨷˸ĹӰԺθ֣ϵķš
ʱź¡һ죬Ȼһ
ʥڹϣšıˡ
һʥԳ롰ϣšڲֱӽ֣ʱϣšڵİ̫񣬾ͻͬ׵ĸһ㣬ɱ
аٷ֮ʮ塭
˻㱨ϣһƣ̫ǣɫҲ̫ãΪ컯ʥʻû֡
ʵڳǿǣѾƴľ򣬿컯ʥʶ֣ǾͱľʵǾҲú塣
̫Ѿߵزڳ̫Ԫ˵£µǣû塣
԰ɡ
ʱһһ˿ԥЩ̫ȷǷ׷ȥȴ˵ǡϣšΨһһΪˡ
Ҫ޹ڣ
ڳߵ۾һѾ˺ܶ漣ͻȻҪҪǵĵһӦϣ漣ٴη
ĵͷĿҲô϶޹ڵ֮ǰҲоȻȡõЧȴ
̫漰ķ̫ҶԾҪҲܸߡ
Ͼûѧġ顷ܡ
ֻ˵ԣҪǵЭҵ޹ڣܳΪø׼
˼õ˵
ã
Ļڳ̫ԭʿʱָࡣ
ڷ̿һУһɣ֣֮У̫ĵλѾҪһһУܹʿ
󣡡ʿ¶ȰЦݣ齢֣̫壬Ҫϣ
绪һϣڣڣʸоİ˺ܶ࣬ԼѾԪ޶࣬㲻ۿ̫սʤٵһ죬Ҳİĳߡ
ˣ
ʥΧ֮£޹ڵٴ
һʱ䣬ɢȫ궯̫棬ϡ෱ӣԪһӦȫʱ糤ˮһ㣬Щȫϣšϯ
ٵġϣšڲ洢е޹ĸı֮һ
Ȼȸı䣬ǽ޷ľϡ


1902 
ԽԽ࣬ɫأô˸Ʒ󷨣ļڻʮ꣬γǺӹսڶɽ̨Ҳ޷֧ġ
٣ˣʼʩͲʵģ
޹ڿʼʱʥһʱ͸֪ˡ
ܿڿڣһڴգ
̫ĴǣĲ齢أǻԼ˷޴ĹǵԸ
ʥɣʵûУǸʩչֶΣܿ޹ڡ
Ťռ䣬ռ䷨Ʈ޷λãػԷֱ˼ʮ߿ܣߣ˲»Ρ
ڳǾ˽ܣ֮ǰѾڻ˹ɣǵܷԽԽЧλҲ㹻ľ飬Ųᱻڻˡ
ƻļһ
ۿУԭӰӰ´µʥתۼʧʧûĻûڳ̫ɫΪѿ
һУɫ֮У̫ۼϸĸ޹ڵ󷨡
ͼкռ෨
ĵĸ֪Լ·վһƬ֮У£޹ڵͼͼޱȿ㣬ԲȫͼУγ˿ռͶӰ
֮ееԼ̫ˣʥ壬ҲͶӰû˿©
ż˫Ŀֹˮ޹ڵͼܽϣÿһͶӰλò׽
ģĳһλãλãоŸʥ𣬶Ϊλϣ
ˣ
ͼ֮е۾Ȼŷɭɱ
ڣ̫עڵޱй
ԼΪΪ޹ڣ
¡¡
ϣšԪۣγɴССš
Щɫ˲ͬʱȫ۵޹ڿڣУ
һʱ䣬޹䣬·һ̫
ʥЦܸо޹ڵõҪǰθ
ĵԽ࣬Խ죡
λСˣλ𣬱ܿǵĹȺ̫޹
ʥ˴˴ԶԶĶ㿪ʱ޹ڱˣ
¡
һ¾죬·ǧޣһŭ
һɲǣط·ʧȥɫâ棬ҫ۵ĹâܴϹ۾
ڳʥֻоһ˲䣬ǵнᡣ
ı˿
⣡
ʶһڷǱѰ
ڳʥ𣬶˽ܣȻ֪ᣬǸֶΣŰ˳֮У֪Σյڡ
Ȼǵĸ֪޹޴һɲǣȫĪ
ʲô
ۿһ֮зѣһΪΪţڹı˹켣ֱžŸֱ֮ͬɱ
Ÿ򣬷ֱһ𣬱
һ˲䣬ʩչʲô߷ֻ֮Ťգȫ飬Σ
Щûб湥ʥҲоüâָоǱɭĽ⣬סüһ㣬·һ̾Ҫȥ

ҽУâٶ̫ˣ֮ǰܹܿΪǵٶȱ޹ڿ죬Ϊǰ˹켣ڣǱâǾȫһˣ
Ǹҽеֱӱâ˲ҷ𣬱
Ӷıһʥ𣬱޹ɱ
жŤռе𣬲ҽжڵĿռ϶һ𱻶ռϱڣ͵ס޹ڣ
ͷŻ󡢿ܵģ⣬ֱӱݹĽ𣬷׷
ֻһҲ֮ǰֳӺϣšߣƾµʵӲıܿ޹ڵıɱ켣
¡
壬޹ڵನڶ鱦˴롣
ݣ鱦ŤѪǱ˿ˣ鱦Ϊۣܿһ
һʱ䣬޹׼ľŸȥ˸һش
˸𣬶λλ˵ĸǶһλûй
Ϊֵã
⡭⡭
ʥ壬ȫסˡ
ǸӹһٵߣҲǾ긦ɫ԰ף˭룬һڵȻﵽ˳̶ȣ
һ˲˸ʲô
ȫһҲЧ
ڡϣš֮У̫ߣΪһڶϲ֣
úã

ڳʥ𲻹һ֮һɱ˸ڣʹ˴ˣ
ҹؼһڴʿԭʿĵ͹ȵ̫壬ٴȼģ
ȻڹֳɾŹɣÿһɵɱһˣУУװû
˵ļ̫𶼳Թʹ޹ڣĸܵ޹ڷѶȣ׼һ˶ף˵ֳɾŹˡ
ԭǷһڣųϵ˷ѵˣȴ޹ڵʮֺеĲ̫ˡ
ǿЦЦʱɫ԰׵úܣղһڣȻûжڵȫڳǴӲٿЩٵٿ󷨣ĺܴ󣬱Ͼֻʥ۷ѣҸδ̡
޹е̫ӣ漰ΪݣҲȫٿأǿֳɾŹɣ©һûɱҵܸͨһЩÿһڹⶼḻԣˣǾͲĽˡ
ղһһ͸֧࣬ʱڣҲٷڶˡ
˵ţ̫Ҳģ̸굤֮ǰ峤ϲϧѪƵ굤ڻʣ
ʱڡϣš֮⣬ʥѾš
ǸղŵĹôͻȻǿôࣿ
ѵǹǣΪڹؼʱ̽նɱ
ӦòᡭһιʱǶûзǴξóǿĻЧӦûá
ʥ׷״жһ˿־塣
ܶλλʥѾһӰʣղŶԷĹȥ˰˸ˣǵĻѾҷˣ
شԼ
ֲʲôΣʱ̣ǲμⳡսΪ̫ŽżĴкͱΪ컯ʥŵԴΣǵмĿĻ⡣
ͨˣȴûȴǼֻʮˣǲ̫սʵսָߣ


1903 ּ֮
ڳʥǣȻó齢Ĺ죬ʩչռŲƣ֮Ȼ׷ˣΪǻᵣ²С
̫֮ܽõ컯ʥʵͣЩ̫꣬Žż컯ʥʣʥǿӵеԴ۲
ʮ֣СһЩ
ж𣬷׷׵ͷ
ղŵڻǵӦҲСôǿڹֳɾŹɣҪǿƿȻҪ֧֣δÿζ
һʽɫĳۣĸߴƺʮ֮ӵмߵȨ
һγһռĹڡ
ٴԶ룬׼սֻסϣţ컯ʥʸ
Ϊʥһսͳ˧֮ǰ컯ʥʲڻǺҪһʱ䣬ֻҪסʱͿˡ
һ
һսȭͷȻʥĴ㡣
ҪռĻǺÿռŲƿԽңԶռ䣬ɵڵ̾ϢڱԵͻ̾Ϣڣ

ɫ۵Ķóһֻ««֮ð˹̣ա
춼ħ̣
ϳħһΪټ鱦״̬ԣκηֻҪմһ㣬ᱻʴ
ͣ
춼ħ롰ϣš֣šϣš
ˣ൱֣
峤˵ŽףҲ޹ڣҪ൱ŲŸվλãʮһķ򣬽ϣšΧġ
ҲͻΧķ
޺ۿ˵Ҳλã֮ǰ޹ڻ˵ߣһѾԴʧˣȻࡣ
ͻΧԵСܶࡣ
ڣ޹Ѿʹˣû޷ƾڳ𣬺Ѳٿ޹ڵĺ
ȥɣ
ֳӵʥذϫϸֳһ˿âֽ䣬ӽָͳһӵľС
ľд򿪣һŷƵķֽǵλµּҪóҪ޸ƽ֮Իȡ޽ص
Ϊԭּûϣʡ
Ҳˣڹȥһµʱ䣬λּõ޸ָĲͬնˡ
޺ۡƽսȥЭ
´ƽҲĶֻѸߣûжԪˡ
ڵ޺ۺͰƽУλּ
λּ̫ƣһսóȻᷢӿµЧں̶ܴתս֡
׼ᣬΧ
ʸоˣ컯ʥʺܿͻ컯ʥʣľս
ǣɣ
ذϫ̤ˡϣšĽףֱǿеʥ
󣬻аƽ͵޺ۡ
ʥ𿴵⼸ͻȻ֣΢΢ɵ˵ʽûֻͣ¸׼Ӧͻ
Сģ
ѣȻʱšˡһ죬ذϫųµ⣬һ̫ȼգ
ԭذϫŵģʮֲ۵Ĺּڣһʱ䣬ķתЩĲϵıãջһ̫Ӱ
ֳ̫һͬһɱ
ţ
ڳʥ㤣ǶǷ֮ˣȻܸܵһĿ£
ֳӵĶһɫף⹥ǳģ
߾𣬴ʱҪߣȴ޺ۺͰƽɱ
ǿڵ޺ۺͰƽУͬһŷƵķֽ
ҵ޺ۺͰƽ˵ʵҲʮǿ󣬱ɱ£뵽ıԱû˻ðԼΣȥˡ
һʱ䣬ֱȫּ
λּ¾˳ƾʱ䣬ȴҲŲΰ
ߣΪ˾ͺ۸ô
ΪʮֽȻѾˣҲʶһĿ£ΪԼᱻɱ
ӡֳӵ߱˳ȥͬʱĻԪ߶£ϵǿҲתŷɳˡĳ
׿գ
һڲöԪγɵĹӿһƬſ̫һ㣬Ӱ
ȻʱҲһ£

΢ŵ·紵ͥӰֱʧˣֻɲǣֻһ
һû˿ĸоֻһûʲô
һĵ켣ȴգӿվͬһűиıֽѿڣǿӣһյѿһ𣬴ѿֱӱһ㡣
һĻ˫Ŀ壬Ҽ絽£һֱѪߡ
һ̣Ѫ䡣
Ȼһ弸Ҫ
ˣ
ڳʥ󾪣
ߵ󣬼λ˲ƹȥȴߵΪ⣬ʱȥ
ԭʥޱǿܵش˶ȥڸղŵһУѾѪ֮Уն
⼸ǲתش޷Ҳ˵߻ˣ
һ𣬱һشȥ
սû˵Ļսذϫ٣
ÿµ
ذϫҲкȻΪ֮һȻ֪ԼּҲּ֪ӦһЩ
û뵽˳̶ȣ
ǿսڣһж
һ˵˶ѾЦ棬ûʲôܹвǣⳡս֮Уȴɱˣ
ͻΧ
ʵϣϣšתͷ߱նɱķֱȥ
ڡϣšĽϣƽ޺𣬻ŽʣλּĶʥ
ּв£һͣûҳ
ߵ³ǰǿɲΪԼǿһµּ㲻ҲҪشֱӵ侳磬Ԫ
Ÿ𣬾ȴֲھ˴ԶգһʱҲ޷֡
¡
һ죬ϣšƾſµٶȺڳֲ¿ռϱڣǿֱ
ϣšٶȣòڼʮ̫ʻ֮£һ˷ߣǿߺ׷ϡ
ӳȥô
̫סĿܾʹͻΧô
뷨ӹ˵ļ䣬ȻʱȴͻȻһңԶϵ֮Уӹһ˿ŵģһ˿־ɡ
죬ʲô


1904 컯ʥ
ʵ֮£̫Ƿ׷׿ϴ֮⡣
͸ϴããǺ֮У˵Ѫâ
ǿˣһ޴ѪɫԲֱ߰ǧ
ѪɫԲϲмʮѪЩѪֻа壬ѪɫԲѪɫԲĴһ㡣
Ѫ¶ɺ
ڳ̫ߣµľͻȻ֣һʱ䶼ˡ
κ֪ޡޣȴɢű޸ʮٱϢ
˾㤵Ĺֻ̫о񷢲
Ѫɫ޵ٶȼ죬ԭǿûüϢʱ䣬ͬһѪɫһϢķ
ɺɫ棬ָоһѪˮ֮УɢռǵҰ
⵽ǡ
սƣϷսذϫʱҲˡ
̫һʵһϵݣʱѾȫ԰ףϴþòԣһģڻ³
Ųµ
ڼʮǰ̫Ҳʥй֣̫ĵ伮Уй¹ļصġ
ֻǰյ伮дõ鱨ӦڼʮǰͱĨɱ꣬ó˯ǡ
Ϊʲô³
뵽伮Ŀ£ʸоһľ
ѵ𡭡壿
ţĻ̫ܶˣǶ㵵ʣ£ʲô
ʱʲԶ峤ˣЩҲƺһɲǣֲࡣ
ǡġʥͼʥޡʮǰġ֪˶񡣡
ʲô񣿡
ڳ̫߶סˡ
ʮ죬ӵֻǾǻʥ壬ӵеҲָУĳЩˣ޷֤
û뵽ġ䡭һ˵пҡͷڳûж˿Щϵĵ伮Ͼڡġļأ̫Ҳࡣ
ڵҪսʤⳡ٣Ҫɱ컯ʥʡѾǽɵ񣬿ڣСġ
ߣĿϴջأΣҡҡλε£ɥ֮
Ϊ峤Ҳ̫֮һ˵ͻΧĹؼʱ̣ζ˵ʿɥʵ̫ˡ
ġĳ֣綼Ҫĸо
ġ컯ʥʻҪǿô
ʱ˿ڣʻˣѾ굤ڿٴϢУҲϴĿ¹
ǵġչżļأܱʥʥʻҪǿ󣬶ҡԱʥʥʸΪֲɣһǳһ磬һУɵԽ࣬ԽǿٶȣҪ컯ʥʸٱ
֪ˡĿҲκƽ٣ģЩãˡ
ʵȫɱʥ壬в֪ԷĿģһֱظеĻ塭
Ļޱȸӣ
ʥԼ̸ֵǲ֪ǵѵĲԼļ档
ٽ٣һзӿ˷롣
ԼһССʥ۷ߣ»Եٶ࣬޷ǿûǿΪΪⳡ֮УҲһ΢۵С˻׸úȥδӣ
ģһּΪƣĸоĶߣԾʥĻɣ뿪УΪһŬҲͽ͡ʮǰ䡪Ǿ˽ܣκˣҲΪսϧ̾
΢΢˫ۣս˫ȭΪָڱžž죡
ǹﱳϣ
̫˵
Ƿ׷ȥֻѪɫıϣȻˡ
һĸߴɫӣһüĿЩˡ
ˣɫȻһ䣬ǡ컯ʥʣ壬ôġһ𣿡
ʲŵ˵컯ʥʵ˫ȣѾĵڣܿĵѪӵ컯ʥϣѪܶһ
ָоǻĽ컯ʥˡ
Ȼȴ鲻ģҲ෴컯ʥʣˣ߻ѾΪ컯ʥʵķ
ԭ컯ʥʡ
Ǹɫӣһμ컯ʥʣֻоԷĿƺԼһ㡣
һַǳֵĸоңԶǿպ͡ϣšı㣬ԷܿԼǲ֪ΪΣо컯ʥʾڿ·֮ûһ㡣
컯ʥߣˡ컯ʥӡ
ʱ컯ʥЦʤߵЦݣһ˿һ˿Ū
ʱû뵽ǣ컯ʥͻȻˡ
Ϊʣǿա
֪齢ϣ죬ڣ
ҵİԼս֮ڣʵûôϧ㲻ˣڽ죬ͻᱻɱ
컯ʥһͣ컯ʥʣȻ֪̫ˣ
Ϊʲô֪Լ٣
һֱСĵԼȷԼûбʥ֡
й¶٣ôҪôмϸҪôʥ͸¶컯ʥʵġ
ϸĿʵΪ̫岢֪ʥĹڣսƻȷ֮Ϊ˷ֹϢйܣ֪鱨̫߲㶼ж
ôѵǡʥ
΢΢üȻԼʥѾѣǵˣɲʥԼ
Լ뿪壬̫ʱ򣬱ҲδأԻ۶ԣѡ
ۡҪ𣿡
ͷʱǿ֮УǾ޴ѪͻȻ
ݣݣݣ
Ѫ֮ϣǼʮѪɫɱ
ЩѪŲһɱ˺գӿ裡
ǵĿ꣬ȫǡϣš齢
⣡
ڡϣš֮ǰɫ䣬㾡ܣٿ󷨣ı䡰ϣšķ
ȻǵĲٿôȵùġ
¡
һ촫ʮ֣صײڡϣšıϣ
ϣšת𶼱붯ס壬Щ̫ͨȴˣǾҵĳˡ

ذϫŭԭѾҪӳ죬Ҫ̾Ϣˣͷȴȱʣһ
ղһ˰ٷ֮
㱨ĵһιʧٷ֮ͬ޹ڵһιôȥò˼ιϣšͻᱻĹˣ
㲻Ǻǿôô޻֮ô
컯ʥӵǿлصţſ


1905 ޷ּ
䣡䣡䣡
ǿĿѪɫûһѪɫĶصĳšϣš齢ķ㡣
ٿ齢ǣ޷ƿ齢ķһʱ䣬齢֮ͬеСҶһ㣬ⷭɡ
͵ٷ֮ʮˣ
ôȥò˶ãϣšͻᱻ׺ľʱǱɣ
µֻʹĵˡ
һ峤ʣ̾һ
νĵƣʵ·µּ
·˵ױּһֻš
һŹһŷӡһŸ
ΪԽ񼶵Ķ·˵ּǣԼԴȼ֮𣬴
ԭƲ⣬һŹּԶȼմ󲿷Ϊۼɱ
Ȼ컯ʥʲһɱ컯ʥʣҲѶȣشٽŷӡ븨ּ˵һ컯ʥʣ
ڣ컯ʥʲ֪ʲô취롰ġںϳһ塣
Ԩħģ˼Ĵڣӵޱȿֲȼղ·µּܹɱشô
ȫû˵ףشģôӳ죿
ʣĬĬԼֽ䣬Ŀڵû뵽ʱ컯ʥȴǿˣԭһΪּڣĶ𣬸һв컯ʥʣڿȼղ˵һ𣬶
ǡ˭Ը
û뵽ֽ
ֻּжܹ£Ϊּӵ󣬾ܵشġôʹּˣҪȫȼԼҲǡ
ңһ˻
ڳ̫߸ߵˡ
߸ּ
ʴ㣬һ𷢶һּ
ѵĿڶʵֻ޷ּСѣܴ͸Сˡ
ԭʹ޷ּδػʻָĳʹá
ڣѾǱһսҲǿ˭ˣʶѯʡ
ʲϵĿ⣬ɨڳļ¶һ˿ΣԼսǡڻⳡҪһָӣ֧Ĺǡ
Ըս
һ̫߿ڣĶ𣬰˾ǧͣѾ˳ĺ֮꣬Ԫ޶ˡ
ҲԸ⡭
ɣ


һվδ٣Σ֮ʣЩ̫ѾĴ㡣
ۿǰ׷վһ˫ǵ۾ѾᣬѡҪ
ѡ˭˭
վڲԶĬĬĿһУ֮ûκһ˱ãʱˣҲҲһü
˳𺳡
һ־Υĸжļ䣬ĬĬսȭͷ
ȥսΪɱԽ
ȥսΪնɱˡ
ȥսΪ˵õԵͱ
ҲˣȥսԼȴֻΪ˱ˣΪ˴
޺ۣսʣǶˣ°ɣһ֣սذϫĵ޺ۣ׳Ǵ̫˴δٵϣʲǡ
ǡ
¡
޺ۺذϫ۾ˣȻֱӴǡ
ƽţԲˡ
ʵ֣̫ĶĬĬıۣƺ
ˣ
ã
ǰǻ׵ͷ΢΢͵壬в֪ʲôо
̫ߣǣҲȻˡ
ǻʲôҪ˵ô
ʿˡ
ƽĬˣֽóһỹһö壬ĬĬĴ򿪾ֽѾΪϣƺƾõʱ䡣
ϻһϴ΢΢꣬һö壬ƽеһģһ
ҵӣʲܺãǷǳŬδʱ򣬾͹ִڽ̫Žżһؾ֮󣬾Ҳûл
ϣֻһӣ̫ݵ壬Ȳ۷壬
ǵĺ٣ĺҲһȫǾţĺҳΪ˶ڶĺУɸѡĽ
ҵչһΨһǣҡ
߽˵޺ۡ
޺۴ʱв֪ʲôζ΢ţҪ˵ЩʲôﵽߣȴΪһ˿̾Ϣ
֪ҪҵӵĿԣ㡣
롭Ѿˣֻ˶ϡٵ̫ˣԼĺʧȥ
ڰƽ֮УϣԼѪȥ
ţء
ʿһߣǸ֮ɫ
ɫĮȻҡҡͷ
ƽԣڻҰëѪĶţԸĮ
ڻ켣̫Žżһɱ֣մʥߵѪ
ûʲôҪ˵ģûкˣֻԼ
ŵĿޱϲƽиľȻ
ҲҲй֮ˡ
ǡƳУŮǶûܵá
ķ̫ˣͬһ㡭
¶һϣ¶ȥҲΪɱֵ˰ɣȻڣѾɱˡ
齢ѹֵա
ޡη塢δãȻıߡ
ÿĿӡ
ĿͶźͰƽ뿪
ǶˣȺ˽ס
ţʲôˣ
컯ʥӣϽ׵ߣ¶Цô
컯ʥߣ컯ʥĿעߵǰ
Ѿǳĺ֮Ķ𣬲ɵǰźɫֽȴľ
ǡּ𣿺ãԣ
ɫּЯããıϢڰƽǣ£Ưš
ƽĿǰּͺһͫȻɳһҫ۶ĿĹ⻪޷Զ뷢ţϳ졣
һ˶ɢĿâһ嫵Ϣ󽭴ӣϵĲӿǰּС
һ̣ȫѪҺɢּ۶ȥ壬ԡҫ۵â֮С
ʱ򣬶ŵϣҲâ
ɫĮȴĲ벻ʣ
Ѿߵյ㣬ı䣬ĺǣҲȥ
Ҫ壬Ǿ֮Ѫħ棬죡
ŵѪҺȼա
ȼնͷųԣ
һɲǣּ·˹һ˿
ֻǼ򵥵һȴݷɢֲϢ
һ޴Ӱ֡


1906 ѪȾǿ
޵ĳ֣վ齢֮еоһļ£ڵ֮ѪȻѪﰵǹҲ˻
Щڸּǰֵ޺Ӱ
·ˡĿ
һθֵϢǰȼյּͬ쳣ķ
ʿԽԽǹѪɭϢ׳󣬷·Χռ䶼˹ɱ
ͫޱߵâǿ֮⡣
ʿ̫̫һЩǿߣ޲
ּٴαǣ·̫㣬ޱߵâ
ʿҲâ֣һֻڵĳǹݵһ³齢ȥ
䡣
ѩ齢⣬һĹ糱¡Ŀ죬·޹˵ϣļ¡
·˵ּҪƾ˱ֿң̫һЩϹͷǶҪΪġĶϡ
컯ʥ壬䡣Уĺɽ̫ȻһЩǮʥ𣬲ɵֵĴ£ֻ߹񷬣ҪһԻޱȵȺʧʷ
ÿÿ뵽۾ﶼһ˿ѪĹâ
ಣ
ʮѪ·޾ĳޣȫֹͣ˹һʱأ׷׽ޱѪɫԲΧ£
ͬʱ컯ʥֱӱһ˦˳ȥʥĹ޽
һ˲䣬ЩһѪѪǽڣǳӴΧ£С
޷ּܸʵοġ˾޴Ҳ޴ܡ
ʿ̤գץһĺɫǹ籡ĺɫâ
ÿһƹâ
һЩʥ齢ֱ̫ӱǹâɨǷһ㱻ǺɫâȼӲըɺɫ
ʿǹһͷޱΰһķչ
Χռ䶼ͬڵĳˮձѣǳ顣
ʥ齢Ӧٺˣҷҫ۹⻪˺ʥ齢ֱӱӲѡ
ʿгǹ˷·ޱ޼ʵĺɫâһǹǾ޴ѪɫС
һڵĹһѪɫĹ⽫޾ǿոǣ˿龰
䣡
һľ챬ըУⶼɢÿһȼգնϯƬƬĿռ籩
·涼⾪˵Ĺѡ
һĻɫ齢УһЩ̫ǿ۾˸ϣĹâ
ʥ޽棬ԣޱߵء
սֻһ
ǺƴƺͱѵصܣܹӽನǶܲס
µּһʡʲô°ɡ
ҵĳУʿаڳǹɢ
ֻʣޱ޼ʵĺڹȼգȻͣЪĴװľ졣
ɾʱǱըģޱߺڹΧ£ĵطವһ£һѪģĶ

ಣಣಣ
һһѪɫڹֵŤ˺ˣġӷ׵ѪɫĴ޾ѵպͿµĿռ籩м˳
û
šġĳ֣ɫ԰ףȻĴ㣬ĿһĻȴϢ
ݣ
·ɽޣգسڡϣš齢ϡ
ƴһ㹻ǳ˺ѣ̫۱Ķ

ϣšŷ˳ȥ
ʱԽԽĺɫڡġϵһɹɺڹ⳹ɢ
ǣҲ˱޷ּ˵ġġ
ӴѪɫѿһǧѪ֣
ܶࡰġѪ⣬ѾѪˮӿһѪҲնϣϵһ㣬ڡġ䶯š
ЩһĶ֫ȫڻѪ֮С
ġһУҲԼĲ֫ա
컯ʥϣϵѪܱ࣬ȫѪһħ
ղּǿһֱСġΪֵôڸղŵһУԻ˵úܲңҲǲܡ
·ˣһƲдϢˣΣѾţҾĺ
ѾûƷʹζ컯ʥʣһУȼŭ
һĻϣš齢̫˶оһ㤡
棬һƬš
ûɱ˾֮࣬Ŀӹ
ذϫأȫ֪˵Щʲô嶥ôװˣټһּĽҲֻǴ컯ʥʣĳء
˵˿컯ʥʸԨħں֮ʵͻͽϣѾԶԶһ񣬲ּܹɱġ
һʵڽҾȡûеڶҵĻˡ컯ʥӴѪԲϣһ
¡¡·׹ֱģй˵ѹ
ѪϣһֻֻնϵĶڵ˿ڣѪ䶯һ˻УµĶۿɱٶ
컯ʥ֣ǰɫ齢һָ
һѪͬѪɫ˺ѿΪһѪɫ磬ɫ齢Χ£
ÿһѪɫ磬εĴ֣ӿޱߵİΰѹȥ
ɫ齢ķ֣ʱǲǲ죬Ѹš
ֻʣ°ٷ֮ʮ壬ȥǼֲ˶õģַɴ̫æʴЩ
ѹֵգⲿԽԽļѹ󽢡
һǲ죬·ڲϼѹ̫˵ġ
ʥĽɱףڵл첻
ô죿
սȭͷͫŭڣʮֵĲʡ
еʹıۣǿ壬𲻾޾¡ȴز
˿棬۾зڵ˸ʱսذϫ̤ŭҪҲҪһʱ£սԸһߣȷ棡
̫Ǹ߰壬ӵ޾ĻԻ͡ǵӦųõĻ⣬ôܹҵȥ
սһ糱ˮӿ
һ𣬴ǰЩ׳𣬸Ǽޱȣ޲ھɱȥղΪ˱ȫЩ׳һȥ̫塣
Ҿ
ŭ⣬һʱ䣬氲ˡ
ǡûеɽˮʱ޷ּţ
֣УźɫּͨԡУ
ڳ𣬿ּĿȴ¶֮ɫ
ּһţҪȼۼȻˣȴҲֻ컯ʥˣ޷ɱ
Ȼʣţô
ڳɵ̬ȣʿڵǲԴУҲܰװּͬ


1907 ɣ
ּһŷԣһԡзǴӡ֮ɱֱ꣬ӻӡ
Ǹ֮һߣڶʱڷǱʮ
ֻǣԭʩĶӦֻܳ
͸վһЩǳĿܵ٣Ҳãȼȥս
˵ţ޺վ˳
ʦҳܰɣ
ѾʧСˣԣϣǿһЩذϫڣ޷ּԣȥܣ̾ˣֻ׳֣ܷԵ
Ȼȴ΢΢ҡͷܲס
ʲô⡭
޺ۼˣذϫѾ̫ǿˣұ̫Ǿ׷޵壬ذϫ͵޺˶壬Ƕܲסǻ˭ܵס
һƺһ

ʻһģʶʲô
Χ𣬷׷ײԣ֪ʱʲôȻڷ辪ˣսУǵ׵ġ
ǰ㡭
ֹֻ޷˵ǰУ૵˵û뵽û뵽ӦĻ
ףһ졣
ףûӹȥ
˵䣬ѾߵһȺصʯǰʯͨڣƿصĻơ
ʯţһΣܸоͬһصĹ
ʱϣšܲʱ̫ңˡϣšУʯţҵڡ
ĬȻĿƿʯţʯŵĺ棬ٴθܵǹġħ
ħϣֱޱѹ֣·Ұĵͳ˻𣬳ɱͿ񱩣лص
Ԫ𡭡
еĺĪĸлźڰ֮һ˫ɺ۾һϤļµϢ
Ԩޣͷϳǣ׳˩һɺɫͫǷɱ¾Ĺ⡣
ͣĴŴصϢ˵ĿѪĿ
ԪԭԺ飬ɾ͵ǣɡ
ʾʥǰƻԪδزֻܿصΪһ·ˣ
ԪȻشҲʧˣȴԨħ
Ԩħ壬޻Ҫǿ
ڵĻԪǿǵĶ𣬺Ԩħںϡ
ȻΪѾȫʧȥǣսǵǿȴѾﵽ˼£
ټӳּھǱǸǻǿ󵽲ŵĵز
ڵĻԪǱже
ʴ㡭ûԪǰ𣿡
̾Ϣ֪ʲôоӢĩ·ʧңȴҪɳս磡
ĬĬĵͷ
˻Ԫ𵱳ҵعĻħ֮գʥɱ֮ʱ֮ħʥӪʥ֮Ѫʳʥ֮⣬ս
ŻԪһ֣ٿǰͣͳ˻ȫʧȥĻԪӿޱߵ˸С
ļͷ˵㲻ΣɳսǻԪ𵱳ΪħʱǧҵģҲִ
˵ţȻԽܣԪִˣȫʶ״̬³ɱͻ
ϣ٣ڻԪʱ̣ԼܿԼΪʲôս
ǰܷѻԪһʶɡ
ܳԻѻԪʶһ㣬ôԷĸ򣬶սʹƵãս
ԣ
ʾ㵣У
漰صͷ۵ںϣ˸ѣǾͨĻܣֻ̾
ڲ˼Ի꺣˺£ҲԡǰܷûԪǰ
Ҫ̽Ԫʶǲ㱻ħĻԪɱ
ʵ˵ͷһɰһеɢγһ󣬻Ľԡ˻Ԫ塣
أǰµԨħ̽һ
𡪡
տһЩԪһצӻգɿֱϡ
һ˲䣬һůĺǻԪɱ¾
ȫעҳֹͣ¼ŭ˻ԪһԪʧȥǣԼҲסԪǸµɱ¾
һĻаһЩնƮ˾Ԫֻ߾ԶԻԪ˶ĺɫͷ­
֮֮ħ֮УĴ߶ħԪĻ꺣ںϡ
ʱѾ˲ȥħˡ
Ȼһйı
ܹڷʶıô
ޱľȴûжʣȻʶĿ¼ֵ
ϵʵ̫ˣൽľ
Ԫ˶ͷ­ħԨħֻ꣬ҪԨħĲӡǣȻܻѻԪļ䡣
ħóľǻӡǣΪʱ̫ãԨħӡǣѾԪںһҪȫ˺Ԫ£ȥԨħӡǣܡ
ʶֻܲ˶ԻԪһУָҲûԪԭֻҪܻһ㣬͹ˡ
Ԫ˫Ŀ룬ĿҲãȻСͷ˵㺹顣
̣ССģܷκһ⡣
֪Լʱ䲻ˣԡġĿ񹥣ϣŵÿʱÿ̶ϣǾҵ𶯣ȴȫܵļ𶯴Ӱ졣


1908 
һ㡭һ㡭Ͳһˡ
ҧأ˲ȥϵĺ飬ڲ˻Ԫԭʶ£ԻڻԪļ䡣
ħ֮£Ԫ˫ĿУһ˿ѵõ
Ȼһ˿ֻǳɲǣͱɺɫĹâ¸ǡ
ʶĽ棬ûԪҵĲܵʹࡣ
Ԫʼǽ׳һ֮У̺Ŀ
һʱ䣬ֻáǡʼӳڻԪϣͼ䰲ظ
ɫˡ
Сģ
һԪʧأɵƻ᲻ΪԪֻҪһͲǣ
˿ҿƲסˣ
ʶͷʱľȴѾȫעħ֮УϵŻԪʶ
𣡡
ԪµХͬɽХһӿͨʥֻԻԪһѪ

ԪϱȻһһԪϣ
̣ѣָоǻԪ۶һ֦
ɫ䣬˲һץסļ򣬳ſ֮׼Ԫȫʧصһɲǣʹȫ˿
뻽ѻԪʶʵڲףΪ˸Ԫʹ࣬һпܳʧء
𣡡
Ԫǿ𣬿µ籩ʵĻ֮ȫ裬׷Ʈɢ
һʱ䣬ʵǰȴʲôʵ⡣
ôͶۣ籩֮УԲȻɵ⵹ӰڻԪеʱ򣬻ԪȴȻһһ˲䰲
ɣ·ΨһĴؿƮڿУƮ˻Ԫ
ʣһĻסˣһ⣬Ǻƽ֮
ƽ֮ڿ޽ص鱦һֱУ󣬺ƽ֮ҲţֱĹŽȡߡ
ѵ
ס˺Ŀƽ֮ԽԽʢ֮УЩ⾹ȻһŮӵӰ
ŮӵӰԽԽʵʣһΨգŷ׷ɢǧ˿
˫㣬Өļ·֮Եľ˫ü续ˮ·Ů䡣

ԾޱȣȻԼ󣬽һƷֻ꣬ԼѪ鱦֮У׳˯
ʵĪ˵ǿߣǷˣƷпܴһ˿ԣĳЩʱ򣬻ûǰģ
ԭ;缫ߣټ鱦Ʒ˲ûвķֻ˯ںƽ֮С
ֱղţԻѻԪ𣬻ǻԪ¶Ϣ
ѾûжҲζ
ߣһ˫ǵ۾Ӳţݺᡣ
Ԫ𣬿ҵĶţĿãɫâƺھʹ࣬Գܡ
𡪡
Ԫʹ籩ͬһȥɫ䣬籩ܹɱʥôʣһƷֻԳܲס
ȻǸոҪ֣ȴ籩ȫܿûг㡣
Ԫ
˫Ŀ¶һ˿ʣڶʮֵĲʵ
ģɵ˻Ԫߣ֣ḧԪš
ֻ󣬴κʵĴУȻԪȴٴΰ
֮Уʶڳޱߵʹ࣬ǻԪȴǿһУûжֺĴ
Ϊ
ʲôʲôӣ˺ǰŮӡ
벻ͲҪˡ
в̣һʮ꣬ʱȴ龰
˶ħʧң磬ֻһ꣬ĵ£ȴҲ޷ᡭ
꣬ǲģǻʹ¡
ӵȻûκʵСǣһ̣ǵģȴһУΪǱ˴˵ԶŶԷӡ޷
ԪѾװ֮Уֲͬ˸ٳͻ
ȫ
ǰƺһС
û˵ԨħƺѾ
ֿʡ
ˮ촽ʲôûͣǻԪƺѾڷŵһС
Ѿˣʱ̡
еִҪȴңİˡ
ݵҸĹԣȼյǣɲǻԻ͡
ס
űѾ͵ʣޣᡣ
촽ţָգȴ
ʳ̾һվǰģȥʮŮҲΨһֱϵ
ϡٵ̫ԣŮ
ȥ֮ʱԭŷ֮ȫŮȴѾһ뿪ʵĴ֪
ûʱˡ
ҡҡͷƺѾ֪ڷʲô
ʵǰ룬˻Ԫʵļϡ
ĸߴĻԪͬһħڶħ֮ϣò̬׿Լͤͤӡ
һУΪ㡭
ĬĬóּͨɫּʱȴԵĮ顣
ʵѪ˵ԪҪȼǵȥսôֵȼˡ
ʣԪȫƽȴһսʱУƺ¶һ˿㡣
ʱ̣İ֮ط꣬ڲȼ⻪ʮִѾȴࡣ
ֿ֪ݣֻϣܵԼϢ
ʣĴˡ
ܸܵǿڣ·˯һǱ޾
˽ܣ̳ԼĴк־սҲûźˡ
Ԫʲôû˵ƺѾ⣬ĬĬ䣬۶˵âһεξѪüϵּ۶ȥ
ʣȼԼ
ԣ㾡ȥȼҲֻʺȥȼ
ǿݰܵ壬ʱǻޱʢһ嫵ϴӣԴԴϵӿּС
ּĹâԽԽʢȫûصķģȫ˻Ԫ塣
һʱ䣬Ԫоԭ͸ߴٴαǣµ·𼴽緢Ļɽ޷ƵҪй
һ̣˫۱ս⣬ĸ֪ͬҰľޣ齢֮⣬˻컯ʥʣ
Ԫ컯ʥʣδйκνӴһɲǣԪȴѾ֪컯ʥʣһĳУ죡


1909 ն
޷ּŶĺɫ棬ڵع֮ȼգԭҲ鱦عǱˣ
ԪȫԡŻ棬ϢϵܿѾĽޣ
޷ּԭǳԽ񼶵ΪһʱԵ񼶵ѣ
ѵǣͨµĶ𣬸޷޷ּ֮Ŀӳ֣˶٣
ǻԪȴͬǿ̶ȣѾԽ
ʱ̺ŭ𣬸ڶʱڴﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣǱȫ
ڻԪļ󻯳һ⣬ûԪڡ
ʱ̣ͬͬҲֿ
齢ڱ򿪣Ԫûٻͷ̤齢壬һֻ̣ǸĶħ

¡
µľϣš齢ͬһ㱻׷ɶ⼤
컯ʥʵ֮£ϣš
峤ˣǵֻʣ°ٷ֮ʮˣ
峤㱨뿪֮ڳִֵľֻ峤ˡ
ʱ峤Ѿ߳亹򶨵ָž棬ңѾȫãˣǱϣȴֽܻš
֪ʺ뿪֮ȥʲôˣΣʱ̣һ߾ǰӵʱ䣬ǿ֧Ųסˣ
Ȼʱ峤ͻȻһЩ㵵Ŀϴ֮⣬ֻһһľ޴ħȻ齢ʥӪɶȥĿ꣬ǻģ
ɫħȻĸߴ󣬵ǱǳĻĶԣ̫Сˡ
ǡʲô
ħٶ̫죬ܶоԿӡ
ѵʩչƣ
峤ӹͷȻɫħȴûг컯ʥʣǳˡʥĶ
ţǡ
ʥһ롰ġ컯ʥסˣɫħϣܵһԨħϢ
ôܡ
컯ʥʸеţھȻԨħ
棬ԨħǽɵĴڣпܱΪԼԼޣԨħȴ޷аޱȣǻҲԵ££ǻУ
ȻҲп硰ġǰ㣬ǻ۵ԨħΪĳĿĶǻ彨ƽԼݻЩȸǻ۵ԨħĪԨħ֮У񶥼Ĵڣ컯ʥʿɲΪǿԨħὫձɽΪѡ
ǵǡ
컯ʥڳ֮ʣʱ򣬻ԪѾԲ˼ٶȳ
Ȼˣ㣡
컯ʥЦһӻǾ޴֮ϣһִĶ֣糤һ㣬˲ᴩգźɫħֱɱ
һѾȫԽĽޣ컯ʥҪⲻ֪ĺɫħһɱѪΪĵĶϡ
ģ
ѪſѪڣԪҧ
һɲǣڻԪ˫Ŀ֮УŷҵɱȻ˫ĿѾһƬѪ죡
𣡡
Ԫһû˿ı䷽ѪĴֱȥ
ȥž޿ڣὫԪ𳹵û
һʱ䣬̫ߣ񾾽ǲ֪ԪʵΡ
컯ʥ¶ЦʱԪȴɫĮ˼¡
ǣǣ
죬ڻԪ˫֮ϣǵȻ쳤˲޴İ䵶ŰɳĺɫͲһƣֱ£
꣡
ѣԪǳѪĿУ屻ȫû
ȻѪϾ޿ڵɲǣİιǵȻѪѪ꣬ƣи
Ѫ䣬ȾգȻѪڻԪǰͬһ鶹һ㣬˿ֿסԪ֮ϵİεУ
ͷβǧĳȣԪʿ
ʲô
һɲǣʥ廹̫ǣȫסˣͻȻֵĶħȻǿ˳̶ȣ˻ĵһ֣
ڴ֮ǰ·µּûʲôûˣ
㵽ʲô
컯ʥͫ΢΢ɫħ֮Уܵ˿µɱԷƺԼԹ
Լʲôʱ򣬸һԨħ˳
Ԫԣ֮ϣεȻնŷѪһɫ֣ǱԪֱն
뿪ĸ֮˲ǿлѪˮ˳ԾһĻˣԪſ죬һɿµڻԪγУǽЩɫѪˮȫУ
Ԫ𣬽ĵһ֣ˣ
ųƿһеĻģ񣬾ǱԪѪ⣡


1910 սʤ
ž
ԪϵĹ⾭һ˻ĵѪ֮󣬸˸ǿƺ֮аһӿĻɽҪ緢
ǶħʲôȻɻĵѪ⣿
ڡϣš齢֮У̫ǣͻȻֵĺɫħȫԣ֪òȡʲôԲߡ
ɫħﵽ񾳽磬ĵѪ⻯̫ˣǡȴӦòǻĵĶ֡
峤ҡͷ컯ʥʺĻѾ޵У컯ʥʴߵķǿȴӵǿͿ
ںϣû㣡
е֪£峤ʵڲΪʲôڣܹɱ컯ʥʣϵľԲ࣡

֮У컯ʥʴЦЦ쳹û뵽̫壬ĹƺƾԼӲ񾳽ɣ㣬ôҵĶ֣վֻǻΪĵĶϰˡ
컯ʥ˵䣬һһѪɫͷ˳Щͷı仯ϵ䶯ŤģЩͷǸֳһĹǼס
һʼѪɵһ
һΣĹлô
컯ʥϸֳЦݣһϰǼ׶Ԫɱ
ԻԪԣĵʵ̫ˣǿµĹ֣ÿһɹᴩǳ
䣡
Ԫȫ̼ȼ廯ɺɫһȥϵĵ棬ǧ⣡
Ѫ䣬ͷĹǼױȻһ̣һһҵĳԪ

飬Ԫһһ㷭ɳȥֱӷɳǧԶ
Ȼޱǿ󣬱֮˲зٶǰ
һĻϣϵ񾾽ʱҵĴűƿһɫҰܵߣĲ֮£˽
ߣһѾңݣͷϡ裬ǣѾʼɢһɵ
ʣڵ֮ͬвƺһ̾Ҫȥ
£
ʦ𣡡
޺۵ߣǵʳӣ־ֱ֮ǰǳȥĶħѾԼĲµһпйأڿȻѾΪ˶˴ۣѾʣ޶ˣ
ػţӦû
ƽƺ˵һ޹ص飬ȼּһ̣ΪԼһ˿֮ΪڻҪָ̫
ʦ𡭡
޺۹ڵϣ絶ʣվʵ󣬿ŻĿĵ޺ۣеĿʹΪԼҲ޺һĸоǾǡԼܡ
Ǻɫħǡ̲סʵ
콾ʧңѾԨħʮǰǡԪ𡣡ϣ˵
Ԫ𣿡
֣̫ܶȻ֪һʷԪȷʵһ˽ܣֻϧʷûиʱɳδ٣Ҳһ˿תȻֻҲˣĺ컯ʥʵ̫ǿˣһҲǲֵܵ
ǲͣԪ컯ʥʵĶ֡
į˶Ĭˣ֪ԪΪȡʱѣǲûԪ
עУ׼ͻΧ
´ڳɫأǺлԪڣǵͻΧҲѣעһս
꣡
һͷԪԡѪͬħ
ɻĵѪ⣬»ĵѪԴ˲Լ纣ĻĶԣԪսʵ̫ˣսڣĵδ
峤˵ĽһսʤĶ֣
ԭ㲻Ԩħ⸱Ƕġ
컯ʥЦӻԪľ֮Уܵ˲ͬԨħϢȻԨħǻ塣
Ԩħ㵹һˣʮǰһ࣬ԲͼЧ·ˣԼֻձɱĺҲãԼҲ˺ڰԨ޷ѣƺǵãʱһŮˣҲǳ̫ġ
컯ʥƵ˵ţϹϷʵЦݣĻͬиŻԪġ
Ԫ˫Ѫ۾ŨŨɱȻûʧȥǣڹǿսϳ۳ңһɫĹܿѾоԼκιԻĸ첻вȥĵĺġ컯ʥʣȻ컯ʥʺԼʵԱȣ嵽컯ʥʸǰôܴ
ˣ
վڻѪɫϣ컯ʥ˫֣˫֮䣬ɫĿռƾճ֣֮УһźɫԲ򻺻ĸֳԲ֮ϣһȦȦϵ·Щ··ѪŰɫĹâ
飡
ϣ֮ϣͫһ컯ʥеģǺ飬Ϊһϵ컯ʥʳкĹ
ԪСģ
񾾽ԭĻĺ컯ʥʵĺ壬ѾѶԸˣټϺ飬Ԫ̾һߣ
ȫ߶ϣŵ󷨣ǳΧ
ʱ򣬻ԪȫȼɫĻ棬Ѫ˫Ŀ֮УӳӰӡ
ʱʮ꣬ٶȿɾԼҲԼԪ˳
ԪҼǵ֡ʮǰҴ˺飬úɱ㣬һжúѪ⾫ԼúѪ⾫ҲӦһˣšӣˣֶΣҲ䣡
컯ʥͻȻɫĿҲ¶ɱ֣ϣšת󷨣ͼܡ
ʵ컯ʥͲµԪĿֻҪԼ̫
鷢ڡϣš齢ϣһɱ
棬ҵĸ֪һֱǣôӵɣ̫壬콫Ϊʷ
컯ʥһʮӻĵѪֱ
Щţͬ磬˲ᴩʮգˡϣš
¡
ϣšǳǧĽ壬⼸ʮס
ͬʱԲʮ֮Уһ縡֣ġ컯ʥʣͬϣһ棡
һ磬¶ʢ񱩵Ϣ컯ʥʵġ컯컯ʥʣգüʮֲסˡϣšһϣžͬϵС棬á
ڻĵ֮ϣ컯ʥ¶ЦȻֻϣҲһ˿һܵĻᣡһᾡȫǣһжˣ


1911 ķ

ϣϣ̫ǣжӿһɾ֮УĹ֣ǿ֮һȫնϣοڣʮסǣѣ
ô죿̫ļ٣ܶ˶ʣҪͷѾнľˣȴڳ˵ľ䡣
Īţһʱʵƺһħ˰ǻлᣬҲĻᡭ
óһּԣ
ּġԡġԡѾʹˣʣһڷӡġԡ
Ƿӡ
ںܶĿУּ֮УŷģΪֻܽ
ƾԣܹתǬ
ʱ֮У컯ʥѾʼĹ
ͬһźڶһ㣬컯ʥʵͷ
컯ʥ˫չȫԡ֮У
ֳһģЩģһһӦ
Ԫ̫壬Ҿú飬һ·
ɵѪɫâϵĽգµӿ
Ԫ˻ѾĹͷʼһеȼԼľѪΪԨħͿǵӵǿѪȫȼգ
䣡
֮Ͷħһ籡ȻԺǿµϢԪͷųȴͬө֮£΢
֮УԽԽǿռߣܵ˿µ·ȫѪܵǣҪһ㣡
ǡܹ֮Ѫ⣬Ѫ⣡
Ϊԣġ񡱷ֱӦʡӦģ
컯ʥʩչĺ飬
κ߶ѲɣͬһûֹĺڶЯſֲ
žꡢž꣬ΧĿռ׷飬ԪͷųǿҲֻ΢һٶȣҲá
ǳ룡
ԭЭͬϣŵʥǣ컯ʥʿʼú±ǺڶȥĻǾòˣ

ʼˣĻˡ
ϣ֮Уšԡּ
ɡ
峤վ˳ѾѾ׼ȼշּ
һ˲
һˣ㡭һ̣
峤Ц˵ߵʵߡ
һĻ̫ǿһȻ
޺ۡذϫ棬˫ۣ˵ʲôվȴԡ
Ϊʱ˵ʲôûˡ
޷ּƮɣɵʺ峤м䡣
ߣƮն
峤ʣ̾ʱһ̽Ѱ̫Žżһǲս֪ٴΣǱ˴֮䣬ҲΪ˸Եʼղһ
ҡͷȥˣҪһսˣһΡ
˵߶ЦˣЦú̹ȻּԽԽʱۣ˵ˣûжˡ
֪
˵仰̫վȨߵߣǵȼյ̫һԪÿһëףԴԴӿźɫּС
ÿһԪӿ룬ּͱһ֡ģԽԽҫۡ峤壬ȴʼʯͷƵģһڻһ⡣
ɫּʼĲͣÿһƹ׾ķĶЯһֲãԶζŷһīĹâ
ЩâЯŰսϢԨ
ˡ
ռڲڹһЩռ䶼ӲĽŤĹΪԴķȻᣬ·𶳽ڵı飬ļ¡
һ춯ߵ·ҶڿɢǵһƳŰΰԪҲ˲Ϣӿּ
¡
ּʧȡ֮һĺڰӿ飬յڴ֡
Щķ˸գӿ˳漱ȥ
е̫ߣأ峤һ
ѾҪָⳡսˣǵʹѾɣһսӮǴҲû壬Ӯô̫壬ûǵָҲӳ졣

ȥɣ컯ʥǷһ˿Цݣ˫кݺһȫޱĴݵϡ
¡
ٴαǣԪ֮ķȫ飬ɫеԽԽ𽥱һһУֱǧĺɫԲ
һǧ̫糱ܵǳһһ飬齢æٴԶ룬Ψֱ
γɵĺڶһͻֹţֱһжɡ
컯ʥʣתصʱҲҪļ͸֧ԼԲٿ硣
ڻԪ𼴽ڶֵһɲǣǰɫϣ齢ϣһɹǿĺڰȻ
ɺڰǵأ·һźɫ̫ڴ֡
һ֣ΧƬ˲䱻һЩĳ·㱻ᣬģ飬һʱ䣬ȫڴĺڰ֮С
ţǣ컯ʥʶȻоԾڵĹĪԷӡƣҲһڶǸڶȴͬ
ɣɺڰȴǷӡ
һжӡһɫռ֮Уռ䣬ѸٵСţ
޷ּ
컯ʥд˿µҲֻ޷ּܹﵽ
컯ʥȻ֪̫м·µױʷּȴ⼸ŷּĹЧʲôʲôá
ڿŷּãһʮ취Կռ䣬˽档
컯ʥʾͱˣ޷ܣǣűģǰѾȫ񱩵ĺڶ

컯ʥ̫Ĵ㣬ҪԼʯͷԼĽţ
ƣ
컯ʥбŭȥ˼Ԫ𣬶ƴĴ߶ڶȥƿԿռ䣡
ǣ
ڶռϱڻײĿֲ컯ʥʣҪӲƿ޷ּ
һʱ䣬ռ䱻ȫɣһ̣·µּǳ˲ظƺҪѿ
컯ʥĺټϴ߶ƿ޷ּˣ
ңΰɣ
컯ʥ¶һ˿֮ɫȻֻһ̣ͻȻɫ䣬ĿţһĴĺɫħԼֱ
Ԫͬԡ֣컯ʥʴ߶ڶȥԿռӡʱ򣬻Ԫ˺ڶֱɱ
ΣĹǻģ컯ʥʵı壡


1912 ڶ

ۿŻԪֱ컯ʥʻֽš
ʵǿٿѾޱӴĺڶȥԿռķӡȴҲѾľȫܡ
ǿǳԽ񼶵޷ּҪƿ£
ȻڹϣԪ侮ʯ컯ʥȴûа취ȥܻԪĹˣ
ʱ˿̣Ԫ˫Ŀŷҵɱ£˫ۣεĹзתɭɭĵУɭâֱ컯ʥʵʺ
컯ʥʣܵ
컯ʥʷŭ˼£ʵȻԪǿ̫ܶ࣬壬ǲǾ£ȻһȺһĴڣƵһ
·ţ
ɣԪ֮ǰѾһеȼȫѪԭȼȫѪڶʱƥ񣬺ο޷ּԵӳɣ
ʱĻԪȫȼźɫĻ棬֮ȫ鿪һУ
Ԫһܹͨġԭ컯ʥȻܵѾûжˣ
ۿŵѾҪԼʺ컯ʥһҧһеĳˣ
ž
ȫð˼ʵۼףص˲䣬컯ʥʿ˱
ʥ壬ΪҼΪѪӵ壬ʥ嵱УѪǿߣԱ߶Լǿ
컯ʥӣ᪣ˡ
컯ʥʣѾǲж꣬ûжѪˣΪҪ
ͨ״̬Ѿǿߡ
ںϻ֮ǽսʤ
컯ʥζû뵽һ죬ᱻһȺϱƵĵز
ҹ
컯ʥʱһһȭ
ʱȭͷȫۼ׸ǣͬһ¡
һȭգصĺ˻ԪĹϣ
꣡
һը죬б鿪
컯ʥʣǲִһҲ
ȻѵĹУһɲǳױ飬컯ʥֱֱƿ컯ʥʵĻԪţ
ͬʱ컯ʥһȭҲصĺڻԪؿڡ
䣡
ԪһȻһعǡ߹ȫݣԪѪֱӵɳȥ
컯ʥһشԪҲԪĹд룬ҾڸղţΪ컯ʥͣԪڶʼʧˣ
У
ڶڵԨԿռ伤ײµ˳͵ı
֮ǰ컯ʥΪ˲Ԫ̫κλᣬ㾡ȫ߶ǿֲĺڶ㹻Ǻ飬ǿޱȡ
컯ʥʺȥȫںڶ֮Уϵۻϵͣһɹӿȵʯĥ༷ѹ
ںڶʧأ컯ʥɫ䣬оˣڶʼĿռƬƬ̮
̣ͬ汬ըǴﵽͼ֮Ŀֲ
Ҫ֪ڶռÿһǱ߶ȵĴ侫ֲޱȡ
컯ʥɫԽԽѿһڶзӡѹһµĵزܱտռбըɵĻ᲻
൱мʮ컯ʥͬʱ֣ɵֵ
飬ת
컯ʥɫȫ߶תʼкͺڶ
ȵģ컯ʥȫѪܱһıѣܣʱȫ͸֧
ӲĽЩѾʼ̮뵽֮С
ȻѾڱ״̬µĺڶҪڶʱк͵ȫ̸ףڵ컯ʥʣѾǿ֮ĩ
䣡
ккͣڶûбըȴʼ⣬£
ͬʸÿһƶܻǳ
ಣ
һɫӲ˻Ӵ塣
ɽѪ⣬·Ǳĵɨ˲Ϣ䱻˺ѳϿһĿ˿ڡ
һɫĵı棬ն֣߰
ಣಣಣ
һڶգĵش

컯ʥŭ𣡴ʱͷɢȫѪǰߵĺڶ
ôȥĻܵش
ΪЩڶȫԣûĵľѪʧ
컯ʥҧ⣬ͫһƵĺڹ䣬Դ֮籡
ЩԴ֮һ֣涼Ĵ·ӵУ컯ʥʵϢڷŸı䣬Ԫ˴ɫ
һ̣컯ʥʵΪģ֮˿µУԲĿռ䣬е컯֮ȫž컯ʥʣ
Ԫһ֮
ߡ¶ȡǹ⡢΢СӣǼʼĳһеһУ컯ʥʻ۶
ǡ컯񹦡֮컯ν컯Ȼ֮ʡܺͣȡȻ֮컯֮
һޱȰԵĹ컯ʥӾʹԸ컯ʥУ컯񹦡ޱȿֲ
ڡ컯񹦡֧£һɫԪڻĵΧγ˾޴Բνܣ
棬һɫС˳컯ʥʵ
ÿһС˶һıԴԲȱ
ںڶʼʧص£컯ʥڷʱ̣ϧñԴ֮ó컯񹦡ܱǡ컯񹦡еľѧԭʼܡ
ԭʼܷ⣬ϡԶĹ⻪һĴ춯
·濪ٵصͲࡣ
䣡
ߵĺڶԭʼܱ˴˳ĥ
ƬıԴɢȴܹ컯ʥǰ
˿̣컯ʥڵıԴҲڴţһ͸֧ءĻģԨħѾÿӿݣ¶һɭȻ繵ֵ˿ڣĿģ
Щšϣš齢Ĺ֣
ϵ˴룬ȴʮǿţ
£Щ֣ҲĲסˡϣš컯ʥ˵ĸأҲûջ
̫ӵе
컯ʥһֲĸоԼ뾡ɱɳٶ̫ˣ
ȻһΣôĿȥΪ̫ͻԪ֪Ȼ컯ʥȴһԤУǾһսУҲ˼ΪҪá
Ҫɱٷɳٸһ˿һĻᣡ
ǡȥ
컯ʥȫŤĿУȫѪ
֣šϣš齢Ȼһץ
ֻǣı죬סϣš齢Ķʮֿʼϵѹϣš֣ش컯ʥҲŽϣš飬̫ȫ
ϣšڿٵţ
֮ǰĹͻϣšѾ˴£ϣš֧Ų˶ã컯ʥʣȻѾǿ֮ĩձ󣬻ĵʵǿò
ɣ
컯ʥʱһ𣬾ڸղһ˲䣬һӰŻϱиľ޴˿ڣǡˣ֮С


1913 
ʲô
컯ʥɫһ䣬ղеעϣϣҪĥϣŵķ֣ϣţͬе̫塢ȫɡ
ʱȴ͵Ϯ
㣡
컯ʥɫŭˣĵ̫֮ǰڶʱ˺ڶųϵĹ
Ԫȴ˻컯ʥԭʼܵеĺڶ֮󣬻ԪȴͻȻʱˣ
ݵǣԪûд湥ģźڶ˺ѵĿ˿ڣ˻ĵڣ
ݵ컯ʥ̣
ۣ
ӻĵԪĵطһѪͬһֱ
ղһɲǣԪп˻ڵһѪ
ɴֵѪܣԪһڿµѪѹ֮£ҽһѪͬǳ緢ֱǧգ
ȥ
컯ʥĿ¶׹⣬ıˣҪɱԪ𣬷Ԫڽ꣬˵øء
ݣ
һ֣ˮһ˻ĵ壬ֱ׷Ԫȥ
컯ʥʷǳȻ˶ԻĵɸĴˣҪɱԪ
йУֲϵıΣȫĹʻأͬһѪɫì
ʱԪԡѪǰڸղţԪֹб컯ʥһȭ٣ֶֻۣʣһˡ
ƾһУԪ񣬲ϵиĵ壬һ׶һĵڣ
Ȼˣͱˣ
컯ʥȫӿһ컯֮ӿĵ忪ʼҵ䶯ͬʱ컯ʥͷһϵķתӡĵڡ
ǿ֧֮£ĵѪս⣡
һͬһŻԪ壬ЩѪҺԽԽȣһſµĸʴԣ
ⸯʴԲʵĶԣǵͬҲǾ綾鱦ڻĵѪҺ֮УҲʧȥԡ
ƴɱеĻԪ𣬶ȻоǵѪ⣬þǿһֻҪմȾϣͷ죬ڳ̡
ϵڹǼףȻۿɱٶڣһȭͷֵĹǼױȥ
ԭ⻬羵ĹǼףʼԹѪʴ¿ӿݡ
һЩǵĸʴѪҺ罦ͫ׵С
ڶͫףǷɢǰ߶ʣƺʱҪʧһ㡭

֮£Ԫŭ˻ͫͬϼѪҺͣˢЩʴԵ컯ʥҺٴȼձԴ𵴣ɱ

̫ˣ
ϣ齢ϣ̫񾾽
Ԫһһǣϣǿߵġ
Ƕоʱ˿̣컯ʥӿǿ컯֮ϵų̻̹âÿë׶ڷ⣬·ЩѪⶼ˹ļ¡
֮ǿնҪɡ
ԭûڵĻԪʱϢȴĵˣ֪κζԪ˺ѿĵѪͨ䶯Ѫû
ԪΣˣ
޺ۡذϫʱǺ廹壬ǵ峤ѾΪǵսѾǵϣҲ̫ʵָߡ
ϱѹ֪
컯ʥʱ鷴ɣش͸֧Ԫ컯񹦣ôܻô
˵
֮ĵ̫ǿˣʣʮ֮һҲܿ⡭
޺һ޼ƿʩһԪȥǱˡ
ļٵʱڴĽ䣬ȴĿڤľ֮УħתţͶӰĵӰ
ʶеľȫע뵽ħ֮Уͨħ档
ħѰһ㡱
ߣľĸеһ̣Ļı仯׽
ƺеԹź嫣ͬӿļ¡
֮⣬ܶҲϢ쳣ǲ֪ļµϢǳǳħ
Ƕħ˽ǿߣƾһ㣬ȷħϣΪʵ̫̫ˡ
ڣûȥ漣̫࣬ϸܵԣҲû˻ȥ֡

޺ۿü֮䣬Ȼһֻ۾ֻ۾ɢԣ֮У·һɫӰתϣԿصĻƣδ
Ӱֻ˲ûֻ۾ӣ޺۾ʧҵĸоʮľǶȻܱһʥ۷ߵ塣
ѵǸղһŵӰ
޺Ͼ룬ʱվһΡ
ţ
סˣҪʲôѲҪֶԸ컯ʥʣ
ôܣ
ֻֻߵ޹ڵԱߣϻӿĵӤֱ۴ֵĹ޹ڣ֮£޹ɢһ󵭵â
ԭҪٿ޹ڣ
ָ޹ڣ޹ǿǡʵ̫ǿˣսʤвô
޹ڣƥУɱ
ģȴˣ
ϾУ޹ܷӳʮޣԶ޷ּ
һ޷ֻּشģܽɱ
һԣһΣҵĹʽͬ
޹ڣһŹ֮治֪˶ϡıΪϣ̫ʱ·ˣºպս


1914 ǿϻ
ͬĹʽ
ڳĻ󣬶в죬ѵνͬĹʽղɢϢйô
ҲȷţûʲôǿĴǾ޵еģ컯ʥʣҲ㡣
˵ţûжʣڻԪΣڵϦǷϻʱ򣬶ҹؼڳ
Ѿ̫漣ˡ
ңһ䣬ڵѪ糱ˮȫžž죬ʼθߣȫ˺ɫƬΪ˳״߶޹ڣ֮Ѫ
ʱ˿̣ѪҺʼˮƵıӿѪëлۡ
ˣʶҲʼһɹɻ˻һɫľ˳ЩıԴ꣬ںޱӿ޹ڵС
ģӡ޹ϵطģɢԻ벻ӡǣգԼ·ǳΧһڣеءֺꡣ
ƾȻԶԶʱһһɺӿڡ
ЩÿһɶƺǴ󽭴ӷ׷׽ڣȻ˳ӿ޹ڵС
ЩԴͷȻ԰ɫ齢棬һֱ߾ȫս̫ǡ
Ѿ߶һ޹ڣڵڶϣѾᳵ·
Ȼ֪Ĵʲôɹж١
Ǵʱ˿̣ȴûѯʣֻǲһУϧȼԴ㾡ȫΪһ
̫ܶȼǵ֮ǵոӲϡ
ԭǳ߶ϣŵ󷨣ѾĺܴڶڵıǮ
Щʣµ֧ǵ壬ɽԴԴע뵽֮С
ϣһƬžû˵ֻлķţ˵Ŀⶼϡ

ƣҪʱ䣬Ȼʱ˿̣ڻĵڣԪȴѾ˴֧š
ϵĹǼ׶챻ʴˣȫѪ졣
ڻԪΧĵѪЩѪ⣬ͬǽһ㣬ŻԪѹµܹǳȫԪһܣ
꣡
һ죬ԪֵĹУԽԽӲѪ⣬ͳĸʴ֮УӲĶˣ
ݣ
ڻԪԽԽѪɫͬƹ֮꿪һѪɫͨۿҪԪᴩ
컯ʥϲ¶һ˿ЦȻԪ̫Ľ֣شȻֻҪɱ˻Ԫ𣬽ȫɣôʧľԪѪҲԲһ㣬ڸ̵ʱڻָ
ҪɱԪһɲǣһϵЦȴͻȻˡ
ɱ
컯ʥĿȻȻϣš
ʱϣţȫĳķѾʧֻ屾ķ֧š
Ϊϣе޹ϣѾ޷άַˡ
ϣŵĽף޹ڿʼӵľں
ޱȹ϶ڹڣ۳һ㹻յĿֲҫ۴ĿĹâ
âԻͣ·ǳȴûзκ춯
ƺ޹ڵĿؼˡ
һ̣ؾš
ߵУֻǰããĹһУ컯ʥϯȥ
ߣ
컯ʥһ޷ּˣǿǴ·˵־ҲֻǱشοⱻһȺ𷢶޹ڡ
ȻԪΣ
컯ʥʲмЦʮָһָƴˣҲҪɱ˻ԪԾ󻼣
ݣ
ڻĵڣ۶ɵѪɫì޷˵Ԫ̶ֱ

ԪѾʴʣ޼ĹǼֱӱ̴Ѫ䣡
ԪȻһĿһִĹǴ̣ǰش̳Ѫ
һ̣Ԫ˫Ŀ֮УȴûбûзŭҲûвʡ
еģֻһ˿Ȼ
ڵĹ⻪֮УܵϢǹɵֵĻʱ̣ʼߣİ
ĵڣΪƻĵ֪֮ƾԼնϻĵ
һУĹǼױʴ˻ѪĿѹΪ˳øһ㣬һ㣬󡭡¡Ա
ȫȼ꣬ȼһֻʹһεġǿѤõĹʽ

ʲôһι
ۿ޹ڵڹϮԭ컯ʥʣȴɫ
ɿµУܵ˻ϢµǣһġǻΨһ㡣
Ҳǡ컯ʥʵڻ֮еľӡ㣡
ĵ꣬ͱԲӡӡˣ컯ʥԺȡĵѪ⾫ŸĽϵܿƻĵΪԼӡ˻ĵڡ
ӡ㣬컯ʥʵıλòԶ
Լľ뵽ħ֮УƾħѰңҵһ㣡
ȫһڣҲǶһĹ
Ĩɱľʧˣ
ûʲô޵еģ
ôܣ
컯ʥľޱȣĵô󣬶Էһ㣬ɺϣ˭ľӡڣ
ߣ
컯ʥ¶֮ɫһʱ䣬šۣۣۣߣһ˼ʮɫĹ
Щɫ컯ʥǰ裬ͼ޹ڣ
ĵǿޱȣ컯ʥţ⼸ʮأ̫㷢Լ㣬Ҳܰô
Ȼʱ컯ʥͻȻɫ䣬ܵڻѪƺһɽ
Ԫˣ컯ʥȻǿֲ۵ĵ㣬ǻԪڵĵط
ʱ˿̣ͣڵѪȼյ˼£һ˫ͫ˸Ȼͽѽ֯ĸ顣
ǰʵĻᣬ۳ʵӰӡ
ʱŻԪĿ밮⡣
һһԨħһûʵŮӵһ𣬾ǺΥ͸УĻ档
ǵһ̣ȫԡҫ۵âУͬǳصʱõ緢
µԪʱͬʵټ϶Ԩħ壬ԱǺεǿ
ڻĵǳ׼컯ʥʱ

컯ʥŭ𣬿ֹ˻Ԫ
¡
춯صıըը컯ʥʵڻĵֲ࣬ıըϯգѪԪΪ籩ʼ˺ΧһС
Χµ磬ɿµֱڴըлΪ촷ۣ
ʥȫӿȴʥУֱӷǣ
ԪԱӲը˻ĵ壬ͬʱ޹ڵĹҲ컯ʥʣ
ֱָ컯ʥڻڵľӡ
꣡
âһУµ컯ʥʵȫˣ


1915 ӡ
âµ籩һУΧգȫݣռ籩תǳ
޴нͬǳ壬˴룬컯ʥʵѪ⣬ͬմȾҺһ㣬Ѹڡ
ϯһУߡһеɣʮʥ齢оУڷ籩飬ҷ𣬽ϵʥʥָ齢ĽҲʬ޴棡
ʥ𣬸ӵԶԶģΨֱ
̫棬Ǳ֮иһĪֲİɫۼ
ɫۼУǾԵشκ齢κνУʧӰ١
𡪡
޴е˶ħĿºͬǧһ˻޴ռ籩籩һУ˺һС
ǻĵİȻڳž޴ʹࡣ
ǻ𣿡
ϣڲ޺۴󺰣ڳսУϣţϣϵߣļ;ƿҲΪ
ʣ޼ˡ
̿˵Ķͷ㺹죬Ϊڳĵ̫Ҳվ˲ٿشΧԼ
ʱԣɫ԰ף£֮Уɫʱ֣ʱûʱѾû˻ע⵽е
̫ˡ
˫̨֧ڴڵĴϢղţͨĿħǿҵ컯ʥڻڵľӡ㣬˵ϣϣղһˣɾˡ
û°ɡ
еʵ˰֣ѵ˵Ǳ뾡뿪컯ʥʡû
ħҵ컯ʥʵӡǣȻöӡǸ֪üΪڸղһ֮УδĨɱöӡǡ
컯ʥĺ̫ˣ޹ڣİϻԪԱʧˣ
̫Ļбʵ˲ܳɹ׼Ͼ컯ʥ̫ǿˣۿŸղһ֮˿µıըУǲдһЩҺϣڣϣҲˣЩԽܡ
峤ʡԪ󡭡һһǿȼԼȥսգҲֻش컯ʥʶѡ
ƴˣǳȥ
ذϫ󺰣ޱĽԼ֮עϣŵĴ֮УҲ׷׳֣ѾޣҲҪ͸֧һУ
ʱڻı籩ûĵطµĺɫ֮УһִĺɫϯֱϣŶ
컯ʥʣһη˹
ֻһɫѾѪ죬Ȼش
ҡһҪ쳹
ۿźɫϮڳɫ䣬ǺһֲסǾˣ
ΪʥУ֮ǰΪµıըɢӿˣϾѪ֮ɲϣܳ˿µ籩
ڣ籩ڼЩҲڸ
ɺ£ϣŲѷɣ
ұ
ǧһ֮ʣذϫһſݻƵּ
޷ּѾþذϫеּλµģپĸ죬ף̫У޷ּǿ
䣡
ּڿбըµĳֱɿϣҲеõǿƶʯһ󷭷ɡ
壡
޺ѾһеȼվѪڳҲޱеעϣŴ֮Уٵתӿϣžҵâ䣡
ݣ
µĳھ޴ƶ֮£ϣŻһ磬˲ᴩգֱȥ
ԭ컯ʥʵѾڸղŵıը֮б׳ƣһʱ䣬ϣͬδ󺣣գ赲
ٶȣϣԶʥ𣬼컯ʥʣĺΪĵ޴Ҳ׷ϣš
ο컯ʥѾشˣ
һս˵üأ컯ʥʳɾԺδܹôصˡ

ռ䱻˺ѣһѪȵĴǾ޴壬ݵĿռ֮Ӳļ˳
Ѫ⣬С룬ԶԶȥһűҧ˺öڵƻĿꡣ
ȫѪͬɽһ緢ţΧռ䣬ȫȾѪɵһƬ
̫壬һֻǣ
ĵʧ޴컯ʥʵıҲȫѪֲ˿ڣ˿ڴѪ䶯·һҪܳһ
ҪҪܳʱ䣡
ʥʱ£
컯ʥǰ֮УǶЩ£һսʧҲЩϵΨ컯ʥʢŭ֮¹ǡ
ʲôȥ׷
컯ʥɫû뵽֮״γһȺֻһĴڣȻսز
Լܵش̫ˣνҰܣ
ʥǣǶĿû£ϣӳȥĿٶȣǸ׷ġ
ʮôһʧĿ꣬׷ϣžͻͬ룬̸ף
Ը֪һ磬׷Ŀܡ
ڣŪ

컯ʥһ˦֣öѪɫڳǽӹ΢΢һ
컯ʥʳǵ齢ϣ׷ӡǣöȻҵѾǿ֮ĩǽץۣ
һУ컯ʥ֪Ѿ̫ץס̫ˣһι컯ʥʲϣţΪڹУϣ׷ӡǣ


1916 ǱΣ
һöӡǣѱĨɱڶɽ̨ʱ򣬾ǱˣʥϵἫΪ⡣
öѪɫʥǷ׷׽֪УȻģģĸܵϣŵĶһöССĹ㣬һ˼ٶȣѸԶǡ

ڳĿһƾһ㣬Ƕ컯ʥʾЩɵʱ컯ʥشӡǶ޹ڹĨɱܳһḶ́ϣ¾ӡǣǱѰ
ųɵ𣬶׷׷ߣϣ׷ɱȥ
ʣµʥǿɢܣһƬȫ
һʱ䣬ԭɱսУֻʣ컯ʥʺѾش˵Ļˡ
ڰǿУ컯ʥɫû֪ʲô
ãĬĬĸŻбشĵطüͷ塣
˵̫ˣҪҪܳʱ䡣
ģ컯ʥ֣֮ϣһöɫתŷӱ棬һصķĺ·Ѫһ
ȻǺ飬컯ʥſһһɹѪ֮ӺɢĲ䵽컯ʥʺͻĵڡ
úˡ
Ѫ컯ʥʵõ֮ںܳһʱڶĴѰѪ⾫̲飬ڽЩѪ⾫ͷųԴ컯ʥʺͻĵĻָٶȡ
Ҫ֪ĵʮǿĿǿػҲֻˣ
ӦĻһָܴҲǳѣЩĵȱ̫һĵرӽڣһιһˣûʲôЧˡ
Լкڣ컯ʥҪûȫָҲһƴĹ̡
컯ʥʲϵպѪ⾫̳һʱʱ䡣
֮󣬺ĹâԽԽŨ컯ʥʵıΧˣ컯ʥʵı˻ĵȫ˺֮С
öӣĳĵѪ֮УֱѪ⣬˽ȥ
鲻ϵ³³һֱ³ǧĵģԡһƬѪ֮С
ǻĵ࣬Ƭͬһž޴һ㣬һһεţͬǳײ
飬컯ʥʵ·ڵãȻһ޵УʮУвĴڡ
硪ۣ
컯ʥʸ֮жħԼںܳһʱ֮ڣ˴˻ַ
Ȼ컯ʥʲȫŶħԼԼı뵽֮УԺ鱣Լڻĵ¶档
ڼ䣬ʮִһʮǿҪôԷƿģܵõ飬ץס컯ʥʵı
ʱ컯ʥʾͿԽڵԱǵȽҲա
¡¡
컯ʥȫĵ֮󣬻Χճ˾޴ĺɫУǾ޴壬һһ֮Уû˺ڰ֮Уʧˡ
ոϣĵȫʧһĿռɢƽ֮һеһж·ûľô컯ʥһʧˡ

ͬʱһҰɫ齢ڸٷɳۣ
ʱգʼռŲƣһŲƣľ룬Խǳᴩ
齢֮У޺ۺذϫԭʵλãִ֡
Ƕˣ˵Ĺˡ
ղһսʹʧ䣬ڵ¸صޣΪֶ
Ȼȴûʱȥˣǻڱ׷ɱΣջڼ
֮Уһصա
̫߶ԣôսϣѾϰͬȥȻִУһȴʬ޴棬ҷϵֻһѡ
ڣҾˣ޺۴˵
ϣһȫٷɳĵͻٺܶ࣬ڽʣ²ٷ֮ʮ֣㹻ɵġ
һʱ䣬ڳµҩʼϢ
ʱɫأһڵλһֲԤС
ţ
ܶ˿һ仰ûиκɣֻǲ׽ӰνԤУԭ˵Ĺע˵ǾͲһˡ
ôˣ
ֹͣ˴Ϊ̫ʼղ԰ףһϧĸо
˵壬ܾãǲܽжٴοռŲƣû뿪컯ʥʵĸ֪Χ
Ļڳ߶ʱ˸飬ֻоâڱ
컯ʥ̫ˣȫ޷ڵ֪ʼûԷĸ֪ܲľ
Ϊʲôָоĸ֪Ȼܸһ磬컯ʥѾˣû
ذϫɫΪѿǰ㣬ʩչͨ磬ҪķѼľڵ컯ʥʺ
֮ǰ޹ڹ컯ʥʵӡǣЩϤ
˵İ٣ʵ֮ǰĿħ׽컯ʥڻڵľӡǣܹ컯ʥʵľ컯ʥʵĸ֪ڳ˵ĸ֪֮УҲֱܽ
оľʼΧΪ΢ȥ
ûħĿҲ첻
ô
޺һоԽԽ⣬ҪȥҪʥһ죬ı컯ʥ;Ҳһѡ
ԭƻ̫ô޽еõ޷ּᴩ̾Ϣǽֱӵ
·;Ȼ̣ϧŹЧ޷ּȻܹᴩ̾ϢǽҲҪķѼϣϵඥ̫ˣϢָĻѾܷ޷ּ
ֻգԽʥһ죡


1917 ϣ
̫ʮ֮һеĿռޱȣϣŵļ֮£ֻʱ䣬ͷɵ˾ͷ
ֻҪ̾Ϣǽһߣʥ档
̫ڸܣΪ컯ʥʾǵλãҪϢҲҪʱ䡣
ֻҪ̫ʥ彫زӵ֮ǰǾͳɹˡ
ȥ
޺ۺԥ֮УϣŲϵļ٣һâ˲Ϣٶȣ̾Ϣǽֱȥ
̫ʥ֮̾ϢǽѾΪʮشеԭ򣬱÷ǳʧֻҪһ̾Ϣǽ⡣
ϣȫٳȶһй֮޲
ಣ
ϣųײ̾Ϣǽһ˲䣬ǷʸһеԵĻϣ̾Ϣǽ͹һ޴Բ׶
ϣٶ̾Ϣǽҵǽֱ˺ѣϣųɹĴ̫棬Խʥ档
Խ̾Ϣǽһ˲䣬̫ǿߣһĶ߸ߵΨ̾Ϣǽһߣʥ塣
Ȼʱ˿̣δ֪ʥ棬վĵһƬֻңԶǻԼ˸ûаӰ
һУù죡
޺һֲԤУڲǳɵʱȫǰ
̫Ѿϣŷɳٶȣȴû˿ԽգʼռŲơ
һһΣϣźᴩʥ档
̫ʷƾãӵʮͼһŶʮиĺͼ
עʮķֲλúеҪ塣
ȻͼڵϢǳģʱȴ൱ãֱӸָ򣬷ﶼ֪
ذϫͼ˵ڵΪʥս죬ֻ̫߳ɴСʥУֱȽ٣ԴҲȽѷһ졣ԣʥսǷǳȫһ죬ûпֱӴȥȫִ򣡡
ҪԽҲҪʱ䣬컯ʥҪϢҪʱ䣬ǲûϣ
ο̫õ鱨ʥ֮䣬úΪǣ̫ŽżеԴ
ʥУ컯ʥǿʥΪʥʥʣͳʥ죬ռʥ˳ϵԴа̫Žż飬˻ģûĳΪķ
еĺô컯ʥʵˡ
񣬵Ȼ
컯ʥʷⳡ̫ĴսҲΪӶ̫żԴԴ󲿷ֱ컯ʥռ
սͬΪ컯ʥʵҰģʥδԸ컯ʥʵǹʹ
಻ϢУΨһһϢˡ
ʱմڼ޺ۿͼͷ㺹顣
οռŲƣǾͿԵִ̾Ϣǽ֮⣬̾ϢǽǾͻ򣡡
޺˵ţͻȻɫȻһ䣬һоϣͻȻ֮Уٶ
ô£ذϫҲǱɫоϣŽһ޴֮Уռ䱻ˣ
¡
ϣŵ󷨴󷨵Ƕƫλá
Ǿ겻ϴȥֻʮ齢ѾȺſǣ
ǾһֻС棬ײϣ޷
ܲϣŵĴ󣬶ֵʵ֪
ʥ齢
޺۵һףǻǱˣ
ôô죡
һսȭͷǲʣѾܽˣͲһ㣬ʥս죬ȴһ
Ǵӿʼڣ˼ʱѣ촩Խʮ棬ȫϣŵ֧֣˲ܱǿ죬Ǿ㱻׷٣ҲüЩˣӦǴġ
ڽ˵Ȼ򶨣֮Уɱ͸¶һ˿ĸо֮ǰ컯ʥʵһս̫ˣȼ꣬͸֧˾
𡭡
ذϫظţͣΪʥϽ죬ԽʮУ鱦齢ôҪһµʱ䣬Ҫټߵһ漯̸ףο𣬶컯ʥʵĵǲ
ǣЩս߻أǾ׶ˡ
̫ôѾȺǶʱˣ
һһ쳤۵˴ʥ巽лɳ
ϹŵЦݣȫսףΪȻǶ
Ŀ⣬赭дɨ֮еϣţʱϣŵѾٷ֮ˣ
ȻǳԽ񼶵鱦ȴ޷
̫ĵ̻񣬾ȻŪϧЩʥˡ
սϹЦ̫壬׽⽫Ǵһʥߣͬʱõ컯ʥµķ
ʱӵոˮƵŤ
һʥӰƿռ䣬֡
һΪѪ죬̤գ·ǳмˣԨһɲĸо
ǶǶΪѷɫڸոճֵ١
ϣڵ̫ǿһʱ䣬ɫأǸܵ˾޴Σѹ
ӻѨѣ
ƫƫǵ̫ʱѾĴ֮Уֻʣذϫ͵޺ˣʲôǰЩʥ𶷣
ô
޺ս˫ȭΪ˫ĲţԼδֻֽ֡
Һޣ
޺۵˫ֵָףĿѪУ˫ֿ۵óѪ
ʱһ̫վ׷ߵ޺۵
ϴ֮⣬ݴͣʮԼʥһʱ䣬һɱ׳ڻӿ
ǴʱףһսǺܿȫû


1918 £
󣬷ǣҪһ˿϶
֮Уʮʥ𼯽ᣬ֮⣬ͨʹЩ͸ʥһۼ齢֮УЩ齢ǵһ֧޵һĴ󣬷ϣŵܷ
ƾѾʲôϣţûκγƴϣ
ϣУйһƬȻٽû˿־壬ĬĬĵȴĴս
޹ڣܴô
޺ۿǿǲ԰׵ӣ޺۾в̣֪̫ˡ
Ĭ޹ڳϣϣű֧֣һеȼ꣬¶޷ˡ
ҾǿˣһɱʥҲת˴֡
Ǽ˾·
ϴ֮⣬ȫÿһѪⶼڲʹ
̫棬̫һǿߣش컯ʥʣ˾֮ѵҪô
Ͳһ
ܻص壬
֪ˡ޺۵ͷһɾȻ֮ɫȻˣûʲô˵ˡ
Ҳǲػ̫Ѫ٣ػ̫ҫ
Ҳǲܸıʷ٣ҪʷϣѪдԼ
޺˵䣬ڳ̫ߣжȼս⡣
ҹߣξһ
Ϊ飬Ϊȫ
̫ǣᶨԼʱϣ֮⣬ʥҲʼˡ
λһս¹شʮþȣҲκ֮ģһ֣Ҫܵһ
˵һʥͷڣ룬۾ɱ
󣬻ȥ齢Ļ֣쳤۵ʥ𣬴һӣԭʥսָӣֳ־ӡʥմȨ
ͽӵ컯ʥʴľѶȺӴܵ˵̫ǿߣһûʣ¶ʵһΨһָģһص齢
ʱ齢ķѾʮֱֲ˶ˡ
ʥһ䣬ȳ֣ǶȻ
Ԫâвϵӿ⣬ʼ˲Ϣ䣬ΧռԪһա
ʥĹͬǰҫۣǰķĴӵֺޱߣϣš
ıըУϣŷ·еһҶСۣø߸ߴ
ϣڲȭͷɵ𵴣˼վվȡмʵ˥ߵ𣬸Ǳ
УҲһζòײסΡ
ǲϣŵļ𣬸ɫҰףеĻнղǼʮĺϻֱ׷ϣŵķ֣Ѿٳܼˡ
Ǿ͵Ż֮ʥһս
ʣµּ˰ɣ޺˫ǿգ˵
̫޷ּλּѾ꣬ʣµּͨǺܴѾ̫ģһĹֶˡ
䣡
Уͷڵʥ˫ֻӶһĹ糱׷׺ϣϡ
ߣʥʥ˫ճԲĪĺۼԼдŵ绡ӿ֡
Ȼʥʵǿ
˿µĹ֮£ϣŵѾ͵㡣
һʥϸԼЦмĿǳŵϣϡ
ֻҪȻֵɲǣǵĹֱӳϣڲ̫ɱ
ʱͻȻ˵һ
ǵصĹ⣬ˮкأǰճ
ǹâ̺ǿҵϢգļ¡
һ֣ƬƬֱӱ·ϳˮǰһ
ţ
оļµ׵ĺʥͽȻμٺˡ
һʥܲû
ɣ
󺰣Ǹûѣ˸ʲôը鿪ʬ޴棡
бŷŨҵɱּô
Щ͵õ鱨̫壬ּĪ⣬Եֵ
ߣɢҿǾжּ
ʥͫ΢У´̫˵λǿߣѾµ޵Ѳá
Ȼϣ滹ּڣʹע⣬ġ
ʱϣڲޱȣʣµּģֻˣղŵһιķţȴֻɱһλ𣬸ûʲô塣
ǷɢּЧҲ˷ѡ
¡¡
⣬µײ·ɥӣ󷨷ģһĳУ׵
̫ǣƺѾ˴ֱ
涼һңΪ֪ɱȥսʱ䣬ԽԽˡ
޺ۣذϫˣŽʣּһĿ꣬ǾǸ۵ʥʥ
֪£Ǳɣȴţʱ̣ܹȼԼּʥ汳
ܹɱĻʥҲһ
䣡
ǿµıը޺Ѿ˷ѿһսɭֱȥʯ١
ʱڵ޺ͻȻһ𣬲˼Ŀϴ֮⡣
ȡȵȣ
ͻĻڳһǲ֪ʲô
ô
޺ۡذϫ˳Ŀ⿴ȥϴ֮⣬䣬ûκ
֣ͬգѵʲôת
ˣ
ɫ䣬Ŀ˸ĸ֪Ȼܱȵ޺ۺذϫԶڸղһ˲䣬ȴһСħɵġǧģ
Сħˣ
ߣǡôʱ


1919 
䣡
һʥĺϻϣŷŵɳȥ֣ͬʯÿ˵ĵǣѿ˵Ŀĵ·
Ѿʥ͸֣ϣ֮С
˵ʲôˣ
޺ץļڵľΣ֣֪˵ǵѡ
򡭡ߣ
ڣʱʶУǧĻڻ죬Сħɽе
壡
̫ǿĻﶼסˣ壬̫һ죬ڴٽ٣̾Ϣǽñʱ򣬶壬̫壬ȴŵεεϵ
Ԫ壬Ҳȥ
Ϊ۷壬ʮǰǳ֮Уû䣬Ҳ˴룬Ѿ˥
ڵ壬׻ʲôӣ
̫Щʱǡһ죬ϣŵķֳױˣ
ڿµĹУƬ⼤䣬ںڰ֮бѤõ
ˣ٣
Ϊ׵ʥ𣬻ʥʥЦǸʩչֶΣҪϣеʥһʱ򣬵޺۵ϣֱּ˳
ݣ
ּͬʣбըγ˿µĳϯա
¶Ц
ʼʩʱ䣬Ҳı䲻ˣ
ּܿ籩ٴγ֣ʱͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼתͷֻ֮⣬ռͻȻˮһĲ
Ⲩ֮УһɵİɫĸǺȻһ
һĹһľ޴ռԣԵ΢һöʵҶƮˮһ㡣
Ǿ񹬵ȴһɼĸо·һۣоãƺǴƮһ㡣
ڹĺ棬һһҵ齢Щ齢ĺޱȣɢϵƣ
齢֮Уһ
̨֮ϣ峤ǧѹһգȫŵ⣬ׯ£һӿռ쳹˶УӴ
ǿ֮Уͬһֽɫգ˲ֱӡ
壡
ʥսָӡʥЩ齢֮ͫȻһս꣬Ȼϵ
ǰ񹬵칬ʷƾõʥءɽɽڴռ
塭ߣ
޺ۡذϫ̫ǣ¶־ϲͲŽ֯ĸ
ţʽ΢̫ĸоУ̫ԣҲ˿ڶֵ࣬Ŀȴδر̫٣һЩš
񹬵һ𣬶ɲĸо
ɵİ׹֮УһṲ̊նϴǧʵİɫ˿Уһ㱡֮У绪
ͬеŮԿòȴܸһĪĸоƺһڸԼһ˼¡
ŮӲĴݣһ˿ƺɱУͥŲҰ̤ࡣ
ͬʱڽһ˫֮Уۺ۸һĵӡ
۵һõɮֳȣ˫ϥ֮ϣ˫Ŀգо
֮ϣһɮˣòǷΪӢͷ汦ڣ£ɰ
ӣ𡪡ȣ
ڵڵĽ֮󣬻һͨ񽢣ڽ֮ϣһߴֽ߳ɫۣˣɲ⡣
ʥ̸лϣһ֮Ե嶥𡪡ͨ
ĸһſվ֮Уγһ֮ǽſµѹ
ͬǶʥȴѹˡ
Σȶˣһһ߽ϣֱ׷
𡢵ǰڷͨ
ĸˣдϲ
뿪⼸ʮ꣬ΣƯܲǧ֪࣬ٴγѾѹֵ̫ˡ
ڣڹԮ֮ʣȴ
Ƕǡ𣿡
޺ۿ⼸ˣǿκ͵ȣĪ˴δ٣ʥ磬սķڽڰˡ
ʢ̫彫ҲѾ޺ۺذϫȻԸϣҲ뷨Ȼһȴ֣徹˷绪֮
϶ԣ̫ĵһ̾ɳҲǱȲκ͵ȵġ
ָ磡
ʱһΪϤһ˲ˣѭȥֻԶһȹŮӣͤͤɣһ㵭ĺΧռ䣬ԪǹⶼŮӻ۶С
ŮӵС΢΢¡һǿСôԶҲѪĸо
ŮӣСħɣʱϣ
Ĺ⣬ѾãΪѪͳСʮһȴȻ֮ʡ
Ŀ⣬͸ϣŵϴСħɶӡ
СħɸȻȴĸоĴڡ
һʱ䣬ٸнһĪζӿͷоԼǷСħɵ̫ˡ
ʱʥİΧ֮У޷֡
ɶô֪ѣ
ϣ֮УƾǧĵϵСħɡ
һŮӸǵģɫͬһ㣬չʾ̫սĻ棬ȻлɣǼ徫ˣҺøˡ
Сħҵ˵ţһɫһŮӣѵǡʥ
ƺҲֻ֪ԼʥĿսˡ
ʥǣ
в֪ʲôоʥϣš
ٿ֪νһȷϢеľɱʥ壬ð˶ķգ
壬ǿܾȫûˡ
£ȴǸԼжϣ󵨵ľϣȻðգȻ̶ܴϣΪ˾
뵽ĪĸжԪʡΣʮǰķ𣬻̫սʿǣЩˣڸսһˡ

֮Уʥĺʥһ̤ЦѣΡٺ٣ǾȻֱԽ̾ϢǽҪʥʽսˣ
Ȼʥʥָӣʵϣʥ嵽ڶδ֡
ڰ֮ǰʥ컯ʥӵɽ¹Э飬սΧֻڻԹ磬ϲó֡
ʥ壬һֱںƽڡ
죬ʱġٵĺƽᱻƣܾսսʼ


1920 εʵ
û˵ͨȴʼЦǵ׵ţˣɱЩʥ幷ҧǲɣ죬ǾͶ°ɣ
ͨѾŭЩܾ꣬ʱˣʥĺʥȻ岻ȫ濪սвܲŭ
Ƕ£㻹ǴԲѣʥΪ׵ļҲʼЦ
Ȼͳȫǣǵʵˣ㣬Σ˵绪ľ䣬죬ҾͿ㵽ʲô
ʥ촽ԵĿ⣬ƺҪ̴ǰεģ
ԶԷľٶָֻ֣⣬ƾջ۶γһȻʢ
һ֣ʹʵϢԼԼ쳹ء
·һڵ㣬˲Ϣ䣬ϯء
ռ䶼ŷԻõɫһеĹӰеѣĿ
οռ䣡
ռ죬֮ƺ̲ĳȵĿֲ
ʥüͷһ壬ֱӱƬռ䵱С
ȻŮˣΪӽŮˣ񴫳жϾΪһδ߹ķ˫޵ĵ·һжҪԼҲˣ
ʥսȭͷȫǽڱ죬ǵⱩǣͫнɫȫӿȻʥѪ
ʥûκУһʼȫԸ
ӵеѪ֮˫ƽһ۾ܹһǶʥ
οռ䵱Уǳɽ޼
޾Уÿһɽ϶һεĻϥɢѹͫǳ£Ǻʥ
ÿһƹâжΪһֻֻޣۼȻԶԹŵ־ϯǺʥ
ЩԼ󣬶ξݻȴ˱棬ӵʵ
ʵξξʵ
οռ֮ڣһжܻʵ
һߣǵɴ۾ⶼǵһο֣
Ѿʢεξжǿǲ֪
죬ڿԼˣ
󹥻ô
ʥʥЦһǽɫ˫Ŀŷ̴һеĽɫĽɫײ磬Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȴȫ顣
ԭܿһеĽɫͫʣУȴʲôĿⱻεķ޻ûˣ
һɲǣʥʥɫ䡣
⡭ôܣѵռȫǻ󣿡
һ˲䣬ʥһ㼦Ƥûʵ磬ôܣ
䣡
һͷʱϯǺʥϣצֻһץޱȵ˺գ硣
ʥХȭǳŷصƣһȭӰЩɱһ
һȭȥܻһޱش顣
ЩޣλһЩǵȴޱǿÿһͷޣʥҲᱻ޳ײѪ
ܿͷ֣ЩɢȴԺܿ಻
ʥѾĲСʱοռĵȴûһ£΢أʥࡢѩ׵УС
𣬸ûİ㣬ⳡս޹أͷβһ㡣
磬սƵ磬ӵԴԴҿ϶ܣ
ʥ𶯣һĸء
ξһлʵνοռ䣬Ҳε
ֻҪοռ֮УѾڲ֮أ
Ĳ
ͻȻڣһ¿˺ʥ룬庮Ļһ˿ŨȻɱ⡣
Ǻʥͷһݣôܣ
ͬǶôܻ룿
ʱȫûˡ
뷨Ҳ̫ˣ
룬Σҵοռ֮Уһۿûܡ
ĮȻʥͨ
οռ䣬˼壬ξޱߣԭͶ˵ĪӰ졣
ʥοռ䣬֮£ʧأȻױ̽˼̬
Ǻεȿµ
𣬺ʥޱС·Ӥĸо
˼⻹ô
ֻ𣿡
ʥͷеѾʼҡˡ
ʱȻʥϵһ˿϶̧һӣοռ䶸ȻѸȥеĹⶼʧˡ
׼ȷ˵еһжʧˣһжΪʵĻ硣
򣡡
Ļ·ޱߵɹ
޾һ˲οռ˾޴ƥ·ǳġ֡
¡¡ʱͿռ䣬ѹ
ʥֻǿǷһ͸оڤڤ֫ٺޱߵǳΰ䣬ס
ˣ
ϵĲԾʥоĪĿֲ١
ķ򣬲ѹ壬ǽʶѹˣ޷ʱǻοռġַĽ٣ǽ¾ǻɢ³
Ҷ
һҧȼʥľѪ
ÿһƾѪգع·תҪѹɾϵѹ
һȼգʥǿޱıϵѹʼѣ
ǣ
ӡҪʥʥˣ
治ɫ΢ص˫ҲûƮȻǰ˾Ȼɢʥԡ
һָ赭дУٴдһ֣
ڿѸٵ󣬺ֱܿǳСѹʥʥ
¡
׹Ǻʥϣ·䣬һж޾ĺڰС
Ǻʥ·ǳУ׹䣬ϵĹڹѣѪȼգһ֡
Ҳģôܱɱ
УŭĿԲë籡ĽɫϢ·һСĽ˻𣬱Ϣġ
֪׹޾ڰһ֮ء
ǲѲͷ֡
׾ķģޱ˾
ʱ䣡
һɿ͵ӿοռڲѹʥӪ֮Уˡ
Ѫ⣬ȻΪһᴩյѪɫì
ⳤìɳɭȻɵֵѪѹķһЩǳɢİӲѹԭĹ켣
ʥ嵱еȺ֮һ츳ͨѪɫìųʥǿ֮ìܹᴩһС
ۿźʥҪƷòˡ
߶Ծ͵ϮȻʲôʵֶΣʱô˵Щ
ڽֵĹУĿ⣬ҲǾɲ𣬻


1921
ˣ
ѪɫìƲɵ˺һսʱһ͵Ϯ
꣡
οռ䱻˺ˣѪɫìοռֱ֮üģ
˫Ŀɺ죬ޱ
ۿѪɫìƮȻˣһ˫һӣš
Сȴʮֵ
һ˲䣬ΧĿռ䶼ڸһĨķӦ
ڵռǹ⼤
һƵ·ƿէ֣಻к
޿ռŵй⻪䣬һֻֻ֣衣
õĶʱ̳
һĻһλ
һϣڱ¾һΪսƽ
صһ֣֮ɱ
ʩչ֮£λ֪ǿ˶ٱ
޵ĻþУһɽľƣƽ롣
ЩɽǳһſǳϣǳХ䣬׷׺Ѫɫì
ЩˣȣϯأǽڰΧ
ӿĻնȼյ÷׷׶һźɫֽűȼ
дĹѪڸ··𱻵ȼѪɫìǳ֮ײùʷ׷ɣʼѡ
̫𣬼𣬿һĻҲ׷զ಻ѣ
Σƺͻˡ
ͨڷ𣬶Ҳֻ˵εδļγ֡
Ҫ֪ȻҲʩչοռ䣬Ʈ죬صɺУٻʩչѵĿռطɱ
ǿһ̶ԸоһʼȫʩΪûа֡
һ֮Կʥ嶥𣬶Һԣʥȫѹƣ⼸ǲʵ
ͨڷ𣬶ԸԶԶ硣
Ůˣôôʥ֮У˳ˣгһźɫĴ󹭡
һ̤գѪ䣬һѪ
ͺһҲϱƺһеĹâİռ䶼һ̲
޾һ˲䶼۵ļϣ׼е
ϰ𵴣ͬһķչ
ǿƥһᱻƲɵɭȻо
Χڵǹⶼҡҷеľ׷ƮɢǼϵ
ԽԽۣ⿪ʼХºɫâ
ݣ
޾ǹѪɫǰĿռȫʧӰ١
ܹɱһеһ䵽οռԵ
һһɱһսһ
ʱͻȻ䣬ŹâһŽɫͼب֮Уޱȵľ޴󣬹âɣһضҫ
ķɳССӳ֡
ЩӶһƵУйž
嫵Ĺžۣء
޴ķͼڵļʸһ
һĺʱ쳹ء
ޱߵıըâûһС
գǺɫļʸʧû
Զ٣ô𣬳֮ˣǵȣ
Ӱ̾ڻƽͼ룬Ӣϣбɱ⡣
дţȻᣬʵѾ׷ϴڷɽĵһ֣
һƺâͣһ
Ԩɲ⣬ϵŭҲҽŷ
Ƚһ£һʥ޲𶯡رһĶĿء
ղŵһѪۣȵ£֪˶ʵǶ˰˳ɵ
Ȼɢƹ⻪ڣĿҫۡ
˫ſޱߵķ˫ּתγһޱɭȻķ֡
ֵⷨУЯֻصɿܡ
ÿһУһȵӰ
С
ЩȵӰһͬ⣬ŤޱߵУء
䣡
ֻصеĵȣͬǵȱӰһ½ʥУڳĶӰҷ˽ȥ
һս

ʥŭ
ݣ
ںڵĹӰ˺գŻصƣҷǧĺڹ⡣
ֳֺɫʥļʸ
ÿһʸǾѪ׵Ķһſȥ·ǳ
ЩƥڼʸڵǰǺá
ÿһƼʸƥĽɫͼڡ
ȵһ˷ͼͼ֮Уÿһ϶һ⡣
ͷ⣬ǵĸ
Ȼʮڷÿһ⣬սںΪһϵĳɾͣѾߵ˼£׷
⣬Ͷ䣬ֻܻأǿƥĴ
ȭǳգ嫰ƣһضѹ
ķ䣬ǰʥɱ
䣬ը಻
Ǽ˵ʥڵ糱Ĺ֮£ˣսը
ۿϱˣϳܵѹԽԽʥ嶥ɫԽԽأ
ԵȣǿֵȻеȣǲ಻󣬲ܡ
תͷζս𣬾㣡
ǿˣ˵ʵʥжȽ϶⣬Ȼһ˴仨ˮ֮ǡ
Ҫ֪˶𣬳֣䡣
ǳ룡
ֳֳѾܻʤˣֻ
ˣ
ʥ̵ֵֻοռеķĹ֮ҧ
ʥ裬Щһֱݺᣬ𿴵Ī£ʱѹŴ


1922 ʤ
ǣܺã֮裬ձرʥ컯ʥɱȫ壡
ʥǿΣҲһĶǿҲѹ񼶵컯ʥʣǸС
٣ܣΣ
ͨʥĴ㣬쳤Хһʥ֮˳·дһĪɵȺʥ˹ĵطϯ
硣
̯ƣһŷ貶Ŀ⻪鲼ķ
ֵĵطйϵо𣬰˲޺׷׳֡
һʱΧĵط糱â֡
һսѪ糱Ϣɫһɹɷ㣬ƬƬĿռڿ񱩵У̮ѡ
ܵײŤʱⶼҿ
һɹǿһжƻ
ȻʥҲԴУǷ׷׳֣Կ壬ʥԵ鱦âԪӿ
ʥȭգͬǡ
ϣʥռƣǽںϣͥ
Ǻܶʥûôˡ
ʥ齢籩ɨ˲б飬ߣɲǼ룡
󣡡
ʥ󺰣Уʥ΢ǵͨ齢ʹȴС
٣ûġ
ʥȲ룡һǳս׷
ɱ侫񣡡
𿪿ˣοռ䣬ʥֶǷֱʥʥн
ˣʥǿˡ
εͼȷҪնɱ
Ҳ뵽սУɱ
ʥ죬Ȼ࣬ǶҲǷëǣÿһǶԶǼʧ
οˣʥָߣ

𣬷ԼΪбŭ
һϹѪѣһɫĽ
ЩޱȣʥĹѪͨǸѪì֮ϣì˵춼һ𶯣Լصķĳ
ۣ۳ޱȵĺɫâ
һì̳ǺڹΧǺӶѣնطŤˡ
ݣ
һͬʱʥһȻļ
Ѫìڶ֮κһգϵƾˡ
οռ䣬ķѾѪһ̴
ͬʱͫ˸âһͬһԾǽɫͼ֮ϡ
Ϊӣ߿ǳڷͼϣϵƽͼݻޱʵ
Ѫɽض裬֮Ů죬֮쳹
֮ϣлƽ
Ĺŷɽ̨ϣ֮һء
ܻһֻصĴ磡
һֻ⡢ͬǷֻ̣֮Լĺг嫡
ǵȶڷѧ򵽼µһ֡
ֻصͬḥ̂ǺڶѪìݺĥ
٣糱ܲ
Ƿҫۣɽ֣к˺ѣǳը
պ䵽˽ϡ
䣡
ʥֵȫ飬³һѪ
ʱҲһ֣ͬ
οռ䣬ûľգ˲ɿܵ
𣬱ľ̴ţѪ

ҽУ
⣡
ۿԼͬѾܳӣʥбߣһȫѪһȼգ
ʥѾ˺ˣʥѪΪȼѪ綼ܻ䣡
ӦģȼѪҲΪ£ͬͨϵ
廯һ磬ֱ˺οռ䣬ݣ

ꡱһ죬ȴΪʵʻ˷޾
ľᴩĽ岻ϵը졣
ҽһȫѪڣÿһѪҺɢ⣬ɽͬʯХ׹䣬ޱȡ
壬װ¡¡УԽԽĲľᴩױѣһѪ
ʥָ֮һ䣡
һָߣʥȴϧشܵ侳磬ս
һսʥָһһˣνȫʤ
οռ佥ɢʥӰʱŻ֣ޱߵУһ˿̻Ϣ
ǳ룡
ϵ´˳Ī׷οʥĵ̣岻׷̫ȫûҲпܡ
ʱϣԼٶȷ£ϣд̤󣬵޺ۡذϫ̫Ҳһ˳
̫𣬶ϲãּʶʵǶоֵ֮ˣ
ǰ
񣬴ʱޱȸмΪ˾ðȫûľ޴ķգо
£ġ
û¾ͺá
𳤳һʱŷ֣ȻʼտƵᣬʵϣֵѾ΢΢԰ס
ǰ
йУֻǰڰ֣ʾԼްڴʱСħѾһ磬ֱ˵ĻС
ָ磡
컯ʥӴս֮һʮ꣬Сħɻ̥ȺȴһֱûκϢеĿ֪
ӵСħɣĸСħɵ㷢ûˡ
ӵʱһӣΧ˲任Сħɣͬһ񹬵֮С
ţ
΢΢һΪȼ޺ۡذϫˣû뵽ֱӻص˹֮С
һ빬ε΢һ׹⣬׹ڿлۣǴз˳
ģ׹ΣһŮ
бϥȫƬƣǷ׷ıɫȴȫڸˣֻӡֱۺͽ˫¶棬Ǳûа覴á
ʱŮü΢ƺЩʹ࣬ϧ
ŮǱˣһϽֵıΣ
⡭
סˣ˵Ϊͻ񾳽磬նԪͶ̥תķ
˵ڱδﵽ֮ںϣһͻ񣬶һΪеٮٮߡ
ڣ붥мĲ࣬Ȼ͸ںˣ
ѵΪ˸ղŵĴս
лͷղŵսȻƵᣬĴݣʵҲĲСΪȷһʧӦʱںϣԼڶʱڴﵽǿ״̬
״̬ĸСŻɫ԰ףսĵһʱ䣬͸ηֿˡ
ΪԭһĻܱ˿𣬲ûȥ̫ǿǣһʱ䣬Сħһ칬֮С


1923 
ǰû°ɡ
εʮֹģҲˣʵûͻ񾳽磬ôһ㡣
βκ壬ֻƾ豾սôȻѹʥĶ𣬵Ҫɱǣȴˡοǽ𣬺ʥʥеٮٮߡ
ʱ򣬱ɵĹԣЩ֮ϣγһɫȹ
չ壬Ưһ˫£Ժ󣬽гȫ˳˳ǳɢһ˲䣬Ψˡ
ι
к
ֻ΢΢񣬽һֹӡ󣬱㲻ɫ˵ˡ
ŷ֣εΪȻѾ˽Լ졣
ҲεķεΪΪٶȵȻ죬ټʥ֣Ҳӿ˱ͻƵĲΪͻ
ǸҴĺŮ˵ȥ̫棿֪Ů˭𣿡
Ȼ̫Щ˽⡣
²⣬Ůǻʥ
˵ţСħɣСħ΢΢㵣룬ҲֻˣԷں֮УޱȣȴĸܵŮӵǿ¡
ƺйϵŮУҲֻʥͨ
Ȼȥڲʱʥ棬̫Σˡ
˵ţֱɶȥ
οռŲƣӾͻص̾ϢǽǰΪʮһεĴ٣ʥ̾Ϣǽʮֱִ֣ͨӽ̾Ϣǽͨ
ӺƺƵķ
ϤǿգϤԪǸпڻˣ
һ뿪Ƕʮ꣬Ⱥȥ˻硢̫棬γƽء
칬
һ𣬻̫һСħҲС
ǰǰ̫ĺ᣿
ܶ𣬻״ε֪ݣǰ̫壬̫ˣֻڣûĲˡ
ǡǸʥսѾˣγӣСֵģֻڳӹУ컯ʥʣЩȫû
̫ݣǵ޺۵Ľڣȴʵûʲôýˡ
ʲô컯ʥʣǡ
޺۵Ļһ컯ʥʣǾȻܻ
ʱλĿڣ˵λһ£컯ʥʣѾ̫ͬǡԪشĿǰˣҡ̫ΪǴ˾֮ҲѾӭת
һ˵ڳˡ
һλϢʵ̫˵㡣
ش컯ʥʣôģҡôѾȥʮĻԪϹϵ
֮ʲô
гţʱοһۣ˵Լ˵ɡ
۶廹Ƕ̫ԣתĹ
޽شּ֮ٵԿ컯ʥʣ޿
˵ͷĽĻ̫֮˵ֻ꣬ʥ˵ЩֵĻ
ڳ𣬶ôˡ
֪Լһ뿪ȥ壬Ѱľ֮û˿
˿ڿЦ
ʲôΪ֮ǰҲܻܴѡ
ٵģȴӵӵǧĿӴ壡
ⳡغƽ֮УһС˻㲻ϣ𣬶еϣãҪԴˡ
ֻ£ȥѰĳ·ô
ʵʽȴĪ
ҵ˾ֱ֮ӶԿʥ壬Ǹҵ·
·ǧ磬Ų֪ЩҪһһͨȻųһƴḶ́ʥĻͲ峷ʱ䡣
ǡƫƫ̫壬Ȼ컯ʥʴˣΪȡʱ䣬ֱ˲ţ
𣬷׷׾㵵Ŀ뿪ȥ̫棬˵Ǵһ漣
壬дܱͣʮǰķ
Ҷ˰ɡʥȫ֮ǰ뵽ʮС˿ף½˿ڸ࣬Ҫȫǲܵģֻܳ뾫񣬱ʹС
Ҳ˵δʮڣײ壬Ҫʥ֮徫ҪʮģѵĿأ棡պǻ𣬻ǵõϢ֮Ҫδʮ꣬һȺĵ徫ܲһȺԿʥ콾
ܣôǾɱʥ壬ܣֻܵȴϾ̾ϢǽҲǾԵıɡ
һ˵꣬ڳ˳Ĭ
ʮ죬ֻڻ壬ʥ壬һ̫棬һ
һʮ죬ʮ죬ʮ죬أģЩΪǰİսû䣬ټЩ̾Ϣǽǳ̣ʥÿһڣͻ˥ȫʧ
ôʱʮһֱûǻڡ
徫ּͨ̾Ϣǽȥζһá
Ҳܶ˻ػȥǻˣҲҪٻʥ壬δ
ܶЩ棬ζʲô
ƽҲǸоأûа취£Ͼ徫񣬲ʥصɱɱǣ͵ĨȥĴС
ƽգʥ˵ʵûʲôֵ
һʱ䣬еࡣ
ȷΪҳһ··
ʱ𻺻վ
ң칬еӣѾ뿪ȥģôǣڿѡͬһ𣬻֪ǶԹȻи飬뿪Ǹѵľ񣬵ʱ򣬱
뿪δ֪գ縺ϣ
£ζʥ֮£ս
ǵѡһ֣·;ʮֻּϣʲôʱǶҪ׷Ϊ壬ĵʱˣʮǰǰˣڣٰܣǾҲûһ˿һ·ˡ
أڳס˺һʱ䣬֮мžһƬš
ǶʶһغδҪ飡
Ҵɽ뿪򣬸칬
һڵģǴڷʵڻ鿪ʼ֮ǰѾ֪һˣֻǱ̬
Ҳ𡣡
Ҳǡ
ܿ½ڣǶԸ׷
Ҳεѡ
õġ
һȻˣ²˳٣ھͷɢľ׼룬컯ʥȻشҲָܻ꣬˰ɡҪʱɳ빤ܳǶ١


1924 
̫棬䡭
컯ʥûգʮʥ컯Դ
֮⣬ʥǷֲ컯Χ岼֧Ŵת
ʥɫôá
ΪԭĺʥոմһȺбܽϻ
䣬ʥȼȫѪ䣬ʥǰδеĲҰܡ
Щܾ֮ϻص̫ʱ򣬲֪ʵ컯ʥڶ´֮ǰͱ̫һˣڱչˡ
ʱȫˡ
컯ʥʣеٮٮߣȻ̫һȺټˣôܣ
ʥʱ
ʥпƣԭŭĻҪ컯ʥʣ컯ʥʵ̤ƽ
Ȼȴյõ˼Ϣ
ڱչأ˭Ҳ
𻤷˵ʥһڿˮоԼԴе㲻ˡ
ʥǿʮôսȻĽ
컯ʥʱչأʥֻܵš
Ĳµαչصʱ²ˣҲҪ֮á
ʱͻȻ䣬µѹ٣ͬǺӷ籩ϯ
޴ѹ֮£еʥ֧ţ׷׹֮С
ʥȻ˲ҲǸ񾪼£ʣͷųѹģĪ
ʥߣз׷
Ѿоһɺ纣Ԫȶ֤ʥ
ʱڰ֮գֳһž޴·ý̵ģׯ䣬ƾˣ
ʥߣ޴֮󣬶һ

ʥ죬ӵвֹһ
ƽʱʥޱأٳ֣ʥ񣬸֪ʥ嵽мҲ֪ķŵʲô
ʥ˵ʥʱ»곤꣡
ˣòᡭʥʱ²ɡ
컯ʥʵĶ뵽һֹϵһۣһڿˮ
컯ʥһֱͣƺ֮ǰй˵Ƕ֮˽ҲΪ
ҪĻЩֻĿ컯֡
¡
ϻ̳Ͽֵǰӭӡ

һȣ⼸·𱻷籩ϯ׷վȣ񾪾壬֪롣
Ƕ컯ʥʵˣǵȻûʲôøС
Ʈ컯ʥʱչصŤռ䣬Цһ
һ֮Уһֻֻ֣һ˺ֱ˺컯ʥʱչصŤռ䣬̤˽ȥ
ڳֻĿţ޷ҲҷֻǲҪ
һ컯ʥܴ̼˻ĵôЩȫҪȥˣ

ޱߵĺڰ֮УӰһһ컯ʥʡ
еӰߴޱȣȫɣûͷҲûнëͷ­ˮһ㣬͸״ܹԼĴԣ˳࣬ʮ⡣
컯
Ťռ䣬ôӣ㲻ǺбôҺƮѵѰ
УųζȻ컯ʥҪġ
컯ʥʿޱ飬ֻƮأ
ָ֣֮һë˵ûҪ㣬̸Ȼ
ôԭˡƮûˣ컯ʥҲ⣬ʥ죬ʵֻ
ƮΨһŮӣأܶඥ𣬶֪ʥ廹һ
컯ʥʿһһٵ˵ҽ㣬ԼƮ̤ƽ壡
컯ʥȻˣʮ㣬ա
ĿһЦûɣҺƮ壿ƾʲôҪʲôңʥԣôȻУҲˣҪΪҲ֪壬ʵΪԼĿģҺƮΪʲôҪ㣡
ͱˣ컯ʥ΢΢ĬͻȻ˫ָ֣⣬һöںɫӻתǺ顣
飬۾һˡö飬߶вĺô
㡭
ƮңҿԽǰ꣡һҪʱһɱ
컯ʥгɱżĵʥ͵ΪһֲԤС
оƺʲôҪĶȥ壬ն壬ͻҰղ紵
ӣ컯ʥг˲
һȷأʥ۷壬Ͷʥ塢̫սôӰ죬һɳԻΪһ
ǰһֱΪΪ̫Ͷڣȴ벻ϧһдȥɱ
顭
öɫӣ˫Ŀƣ۾У¶һ˿̰֮ɫ
ôõռ컯ʥЦһȴû飬ֻǱĿƮ𣬳ܴ֮ȡߺ飿
컯ʥһ룬ŲæֻǵһЦûлش
ԣа취Ǻڣ
컯ʥ˵䣬µգǾ޴΢΢ĲѪȪӿ
Ŀһ컯ʥʣɡ
֪컯ʥʵʲôƣȴţ컯ʥ϶Ȼĳܡ
ɣԨħйء
ô˵Ʈ컯ʥʳ֣ûаգⴿһָо
Ϊ磬۵£һбԼԼԤУȻÿζ׼ȷҲмֵο


1925 Σ
ĸ֮ɽ
ʷƾõʥأɽĸܵĵ̣ķݡȣһڻһש޲ʷӡǡ
ʮǰսҲ˴룬֮ܶʧʷ֮С
ɽȴıĲؾ֮УصЩ伮պķչҪá
ʱ֮ʣܣٴλ۵ɽⳡٵķ籩
ɽһС
ҼΪƮǽŸߴĽ޺ܣ޺֮䣬а˸ִ֧񷶥ÿ϶ƿһһֹɵĸо
ɽİ˲ңɽɮ޵ıأҵ֮ϡ
ǰһصߡ
ߣɫɿݣݣƤ޹⣬ͷֻϡļͷɫףǿݻƣͬήòһ㡣ŵ·Ѿһˡ
̵ܽѾˡƽѧȫϣá
˻Ŀڣʦ𡪡ˡ
֮Уһ࣬Ȼûͻ񣬵ȴƾط꣬ƾõ£һŵʷ顣
صαټ¡гաСħڵ򶥼ῡܣʼѵ
һμѵطǿѡû˽أ
ѧʲôѧʲôǱصգ𣬲ϧΪΪ˳ȥΪΪչ̫⡣
طѡıǡͫ
Ҳֻѡһ
䣬ȻҲϰԣѾûֵ̫ˣΨͫһطֱսĿںϣã·һΪ
ںϣ˵۾·Ѿˣ㿪Ŀʺϼ̳ҵҹӲд꣬һϵˣټˣԤԼĴзҲĿˡ
˵ţһ֣صлǰҵ֮
ҡͷллǣ壬Ҫл㡭
˴ιΪ˾֮һˡʥ䡷ɫҳĸƱ
ɫҳƱʥʥ䡷ΪԽ񼶵Ĺ临ƱҲм
Է˫޵ζԣĽɫҳֱΪģ
Щ죬㲻һֱھнɫҳ̶̵ļ£õΪ̤񾳽˼ʵĻ
ģĳ빤ѾǰڵĵʼһĴˡ
ߵģ徫
ֵܣⱭưɣ
һϾƱЩпЩᣬǺʥصİҢ㲻ʲôֻ֮һʶͨѡ
ʥ֣Ĵ󻷾£İ˱˴֮䣬Ҳͬ㡭
ٽ˸Уһ
ֵܣ㲻ô
ҡҡͷ˵
Լֽ䣬ָУеԵ֮Ҫȥ·߲㣬õߵɶȡ
ƾˣôһ˿սʤʥ
ڣûʱ򡭡
Ңˣ칬һɾ񡢻ľһ뿪ˣȴǵģδ֪ģⳡ;һ׿Ŀɱ
֪ҢֻǵһҪߵˣеڶ
һֱ徫߸ɾֱе칬ȥ¥ա
޴ڽš
ʦͽܣߵӡ
ںȾͱӵ
µ˵Щ뿪ˣǵˣǵͬ
뿪˶ԣǼ뿪棬ǵĹǵļ壬ǵѪǵĳɳǵĻЦǵĿʹ뱯顭
̾һתȥȥЩ˸е
̫ҪÿһϢÿһ̣
ʱһȥÿһʱ䣬һ뿪Ҳ֪뿪˶ˣһգȴͻȻˣ
һɫŵĽҴҵĳɽһʼδĿϢʥȫ֣ʼˣ
ܶ˶סˣ컯ʥʱ̫شôôָ
û컯ʥôʥĴĻƱأ
ôܣ
ȫˣĵﲻԸµϢϣŪˡ
ȻǰϣȫѪ˲нִ˵ڶϢǾǡڼʥٽϤս
ʥȷʵʼˣ
ֵĹģ̫滹Ҫƴ󣬱ϾսٶľӣҲʩչÿ
Ҳ֪ˣʥ˴֣һָӣǡ
û˵֣ǹķţڳ𶼸е˳صѹ
ӵʥ֮⣡
ԭʥӡ컯ʥʹȻˡõϢ֮󣬳̾һ컯ʥʣҲܶԸġ
ټʥӣٴ컯ʥнֱȨһҲֻ˼µʱ䣬ʱ䣬徫һ룡
ٿ飡
λٿļΪִ٣𣬰һЩδ徫񶼵ˡ
壬ӭʷΣ


1926 ë
ⳡٿһʼоһصա
򣬻кܶ徫δڣڳ峷ôЩǣɱ
ٶҪӿ졭
˵ʵνӿٶȣҪ߳뾫żҪߴУԼڵţһţû취ˡ
û̫塭ЩţһЩ磬С磬̫ԶˣżҲϲ
ۣΧʥ֣ÿ˸ּ
ʱȴһֱš
Σȴε˼Ѿʵ䡣
˵ÿһغδ
ʱαأǺȴ˿ңֹˮ
ˣȴΪһһ١
˵ǣӭս
ʲô
һڳܶῡܶסˡ
ӭս
սʥ壬ѻʯô
ôܣ
һվԡ
û˵ҪӮĹػߣҲײеʥϮǲһеΪδҲĽڣҪ£һ
ңҪսҲΪҪȡʱ䣬һľûг룬ǡ
˵Ѿվ˵һӭսʥ壬ǵеһˣԸһ£ˣ뿪ǰ棡
˵ţܶ˶סˣξȻҪ
ԲУ
ΪڵԣεãҪ
սʮģպɱ򣬶ûΣ
ʱվҡͷΡ͹ˣûжʱտɻˣȥҲǰװʹ򣬸ʥһ̵ļ䡣
ȻۿѾнľӣϾǻû˸СҲû֪ʲôơ
ζսʥ壬ʵԭͱɱʵĴ㣬һһеĶҲӡ
֮һվ˵ʽ΢ǻаǣǼܣҲҪܵϣҲ¡
ҡ£
̬
Щһⶼ޶࣬Ϊʼ·ˡ
δѾ˵ˡ
ǰ棬һжڴ㿪ʼЩѾûôʱȥȴ
һһ𣬾¡
̫Ҳֻе޺ۡذϫ׳𣬴̫ϣȥ濪ء
ͬʱЩҲΣ̫ϧˣ壬Ҫε쵼
ҡͷ£Ǹаգ뿪µҲδؾһҪ
εĻúܶסˡ
ҪԿ񣬾Ȼа취뿪
컯ʥʣҰСܶ࣬񣬲ǲɶԿˣǻһҡϣš
β
ϣڣȷʵѵĿܣ
ʱһҪڡ
οûһֱۣӾܾ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ뿪ھҪߣ
ҡ˵ϣУܷӳǿȻ̬ȼ
ֻҪţʥвⳡսҪ㣬ĳ֣ʥ岻ϧһд۽ɱֻɷЧ
εĻͬߣòʧ
ֻӦʡ
¾֮󣬻̾ͽˡ
ϣɽῡܣһЩĴ֮£ɽĺɽͣ齢ۡ񹬣зŵ
һ˾ͻ齢ǰġ
ܶӵͱ
СӣͿˣȥģɱ췭ظ
صһȭͱؿڣǺֵĵһѡγῡܣǺһ
аٸнû˵ֻصĵͷֶԺһ
ûߣѡͬΡ
εսѣʶҲ׳꣬ȻˣΪΣҲԼ
սȴŸ壬ȡһЩʱ䡣
Ÿײһ
ⳡ˵ҲΪ
һȻ̤齢Ҳͷ
Ȼ̤齢ʱȴûע⵽һֻɹյ齢Ͽͣתŷ裬һëֻݵı䣬Ʈ
ëۣͨëûƵһ齢֮ϣճ棬Ȼ˽壬ʧ


1927 
棬޼ʡ
һҾ޴齢ǿ֮ʻ
齢Ϊ¼ԪԤʾţҪһ¼ԪٶȻԻ͡
У¼Ԫ齢ҪԽʮ磬ִܵһΪѩ򡱵С硣
СڻǺ֮Уû׼ȷ꣬ҵ
ѩľͷ̾Ϣǽ̾Ϣǽĺ棬ʮһ桪档
Ϊ̾Ϣǽʶ֮Уδǻ̤㡣
ǰ˶ʮѩּͨ̾Ϣǽڵά֡
徫ͨڣ棬ٶѰһЩ֮أأչϢ
¼Ԫ鱦齢ٶȱϣšȻرӳʼɵĿĵأҪķ֮á
˳ʱڣԷܶ飬һ𣬺ʥĴս
ڡ¼Ԫ齢һڣ忡Ƽ
гաСħɡ̡£
Щ򿡽ܣٶȾˡ
뵱꣬һϣЩܻǶʮ굽ʮͣ緢ָ㽭ɽ
̨ϸܣײĿεȵĻԻͣ
Ȼʱһ꣬ٴξףȻԵʵгĽȴ˳֮£Ĵ٣ֻ
ʱСħɿϴ׳ǿգԼСв֪ʲôо
뿪ԼĹȥδ֪磬Ȼꡣ
Ψһҵģһֱߡ
ĵĿŴдСħ촽ⳡ֮УһС
֪ǰôˡ
૵˵һƽߣгһһŷ飬ƺо򻳱ڽһƣĬ
ĳһʱ̣һƣĬĬľٱ󽫾˵ϡ
һĻг֪̾Ϊʦͱ𡭡
һʥľսΡˣƽЩѾ˱ľġ
վҪߵߣһ
ʱͻȻһˤ
ָ磡ôˣ
СħһֱעͻȻķӦһΪزôԵ޹ʵҪˤ

ҲվǹеĿǷǳʱڣ԰ȫҲʮ־裬Ƕ񾾽ˡ
û¡ڰ֣ɫȴôȻ
ڸղŵһ˲䣬ĸоһݵĸ֪ӹ䣬һ˲侫ʧأͷһƬհ׵ʱƺһëľ֮󻺻ĳС
һëۣͨëһ㣬ͨзë
һƸ֪ӡǣ˶ˣ
Ȼǣ˾ȻûвֻԼһ˷ˣҲ˵ֻ֪һģ
뷨ľ亹˵ǿµĸ֪ǿϣԷĸ֪ܿϢ͸¼Ԫķ㣬ûоš¼Ԫ齢ϵඥͲġ
ѵԷʵǡ񣡣
һ˲䣬о׹ѣԼˣ
ֱһޱȿµϢ
εĶֲڣ齢ˣû˭ܶԿ
ңϣšҲˣûش޷ּˡ
£һԼϣͬ
ҵģǡʶ̽顭
ֽűʵԼţʱ·ø֪̽ǡ
Էųɾǳģ
ָ磬㵽ôˣ
Сħɿ齹ޱȡ
ʩղŵ׷ʲôʱ򣬲ҪˣǱͬ۹ãѣһǽˣ𡣡
гջ˵пɬʵҲ˰
û£ֻǸղţͻȻһǿҲԤУܷʲô顣
վû˵ʵһ޷ȫ϶˵Ҳûʲô壬ͽͽСħ˸Уʱ˭Ҳס
ڸˣҪˡ
ǣһ׷ˡ¼Ԫ齢ô齢֮ˣҪΪᣡ
˵˽Žɣߵ˻۵һ磬ȷʵԲһЩԤУס
ղԤе飬ѵǰ߳£
𣬸òɣ
ܶж¤һƣľ֧䣬ô˵ֱʧʿ棬Ҫ䵽͹ȡ
ǰʱս˫ȭձ
ǿµĸ֪ͬĸ棬ô
ӹͷֻһӺһΣǸ֪
һΣʮ΢һƬӯëӹļ䣬ǲѹȸȴ꺣ʧأ
֪֮Уһ˿ġɱ⣡
ëһĸ֪˾ɱ⡣
ȻһԼ
ëǣڻԭ棬ҲֶͬΣ
һطͨĿµѪƤмͷʹùĶסĿ󸶳һۣһľһУѰұλá
꣬ķΧҵҲ
һΣǧ磬޹ԷܹѰҲ
ͨĺ
죬ĶҪ־ʵ۷壬ȴҪڴˣ
вЦʥ壬ǿûв´ʥרһ׷ɱԼ
ڵʵ𶼴򲻹Էȴɱôֱʣ
ҪԼδɳĨȥ󻼣
ʧǵվ
һɳڣ֪ٴȴδһΣ
㡭
̡гաµ˶еĿǶоԾ
ʲô£ǣ
ûʲôͻȻЦˣЦЩȻǸҿܡܸһȥĿˡ
ʲô
һ˵˶סˣСħɣĶˡ
Ϊʲô
Сħ۽Ǻᣬҧ촽
Сħɣ齢ˣֻһ齢ϵ˶ŰװļҲᱩ¶
˵ԼСħˮӯӯ۾ôҲ˵ڡ
뿪֮ǰСħӡ
֪˵Сħ֪ߣǻͬ
գ˵ЩҪȥ뿪
ĻСħɵķӦǿ첽߹ֱĻıס·һ־ͻʧȥһ㡣
һߡ
СħѾ⣬֣ΪҲӿһǿҵĲԤУƺηֱ𣬾޷ٿˡ
ӵŻĽСħɴʱ飬в֪ǺζվƿСħɣдһ˿ȻĮҪˣңﲻңһңұɣ
ĻĮ飬Сħɴˡ
ῡҲ֪룬ǿԿ϶Ϸʲô顣
˵
ôߣµ𲻻ͬ⡣
üȻ֪ô£ĸо뿪ƺΪ壬ΪһҴ˵
ʱû׷ʲôҲ˵ֱӣֱӳ˽
һµ˵ף뿪һ£ұɡ
˵䣬תߣ뿪齢Ҫ֪ҵ𣬴򿪲š
ʱСħȴٴץס
ָ硭Сħƺþȫץ֣
㻹ǵõ磬컯ʥԺףѹ컯ʥӣȢô
ϵ㣬ǿ󡢰赲Ϊ۷һ죬ҲһҸʱ̡
ҵ壬ҵүү׷ȥ棬ڵңʲôûˣҴûڹΪһ㡭ǡ㶼ʧȥô
СħɵĻ·һѼ⵶ġ
ʹ޷תͷСħɣϴŮ
գӵס
СħɵĶߣչ˺ǵĺӣҡ
˵仰ͣ뿪СħɫȻ
̱ǽߣĿıӰʧڻȵľͷ

¼Ԫ齢ĲŴˡ
һӰĬĬ뿪齢ǿյȥ
ûҵʵ˵
Ȼ˶ԸͬԡѪһսνûκ壬ο¼Ԫ齢ϵˣϣ
ô뿪ˡ
߹УӰԵ¶
С
嫵棬׵Ĵ꣬ǧꡣ
ԣֻǶ̶̵һ˲
ʷϵЩҲ伣
ԼҲһô


1928 Ʈ
ããǿգȡ˻Ԫ칬
ǻԪ鱦Ⱦȹʱ̣¶һʥģֻԪ칬ˡ
ֻʥ۷Ϊȴ׷ɱڱж̡
ûȫʵУѾķȻɹϣãĺ
ûеһʱʩչԼļƻŻԪ칬ʼռŲơ
Ҫ롰¼Ԫ齢Զһ㣬ǡ
һ˵ҪﲻϣҲԼѡӡӡ
¼Ԫ齢κβء
ϵǿȥʱͻȻһɫ䣬ڸղŵһ˲䣬ԺоȻһ
һŮӵĮ䡭
ƺ뿪ͬ飿
Ůӻ˵һҧأûлش֪ˣ׷ɱ
ԷȻһŮˣ
Щˣڵλã롰¼Ԫ齢ǼʮŮɷɱԼȥ׷¼Ԫ齢ȫ׷ϡ
Ǻ룡
ƺڵģŮӵһЩ棬ڵͬôҺܲ졭Լѱȴ˼ıˣ뿪齢ƺҲԼΪۣȫͬô
Һ˼άǣѡʱΪ˱ʾҵأҸҵ֡ҽƮ𡣡
Ʈ𡭡
Ʈ
û˵ָ֣Ǻˣܰܶڰ״̬ǿء
ԷģҶɱûȤγ֣УҲֻɱһ˶ѣɱ㣬Ȼ뿪
Ůӵ߻졣
һУ
Ƿһ飬ֻû뵽һķʽȻֻ׷ɱһʥҾò˼顭
ԭһÿһʥ񣬶Ҫء
١¼Ԫ齢ˡ
컯ʥʾȻһһרɱԼӵ̶ֳȣ
ʥ۷屻׷ɱֱǻ֮
ٶȫͣˡ
ӻԪ칬зɳ˻Ԫ칬ִֽ֮Уȡһơ
ƼΪϣƿ췱ӵ·

ŮӣƺѾܽˣѾԹ۲һһңҲʶ·µơ
Ĵ㣬·
󡭡ȣ
кܳʱܿҪܿŮӣֻΨһ·ȣ
һأҲҪ档
᲻ᱻأ
֪·µģϾѾʱ꣬ܲס˵
Եӣ޷ּ·µģҲɱ컯ʥʡ
ҡסŮ˵ҲΪ֪ȵֱӸԼɱУôԺܲܳԶûˣΪᱻƮڹɱ
һ˵Ʈ׷֮Ҳ֮
һ꣬ʮꡣ
ȱƮҪʲôʱ
һأǲ޵Կľ磬ȵ컯ʥһãҲɱ·ɱел·ô
ͷԺ
ܣڽ֮ǰͱƮ׷ˡ
뵽˴пɬǶôãһ֮·
ʱľ֮ٶƮó··ôֻø졣
·ԭͲʲôأֻҪͨô˭ԽС
ܴͨ̾Ϣǽ·Ǿ͸ˡ
·ƮͿ׷ȥ
·ȻҲһ磬ǵСö࣬Ʈһ𴫽ȥ֮ľмĿܻᱻ̡
ȷ͵ص㣬·֪жԶأҪȷԼλãȻȷȵķ
ƮͲͬˣڣֱɱ
ʲôŪˣ˵ƮѾ׷ˡ
ôܣ֮һûС
Ȼܶôãֻѡ񣬷Ǳɡ
Уʼע
ȻЩֵǣԭľ飬ֻҪһʱ䣬Ϳ·
ڣѾһˣעôûʲôӦ
üͷעֻͣǷŵ΢⣬ȫûпռͨ˼
ôˣ
зţѵ⣬ֻʹôƣ
ôһãĻᣬô
ͣҴͰ
㾡ڵǵʱ޹һ㣬ޱĽԼľע뵽֮С
ҧأȫԡڳĿ֮УоʱͻȻ䣬󣬿ռ䡰ǡѿˡ
һ˫֣ڲϵĽռ˺ѣռƬɢ¶һڵĿռͨ
ռ֪ͨͨη洵µʱշ籩ɣһǳ籩УҲᱻƬ
һɲǣһ˿ɻԼ·ͨѵ;ĳ䣿
ڲԥʱ򣬲ܴͷʲôΣգŮи⡣
ռͨȻոտռͨ˲䣬ͻȻͬڶһޱȿµֱ˽ȥ
һʱ䣬תоԼ·Ҫ˺ˣʹϮȫʹʣ
ҧأǿ־ѣ֪ԼһιȥĻʲôˡ


1929 
ռУµķ籩ڳоԼ·⵶иʹġ
ʱѾԿ϶͵·ʱ򣬳⣡
ҲΪ۹ȣҲΪԵ֮Īϵ֮δͨĿռͨȫͬ
ǰ·Ŀռ籩ǿڵʮ֮һûС
ʵǿ߱ռ籩룬ͳˡ

һ죬оԼײʲôӲӲĶʡ
һ̣о紵˫ۣĿһƬĻɫ硣
УƯƣʮ΢
ϣ¶ʯһʯСһ״ҲƣһȴǸʯǶѵʯ
ʯϵ֣Ѿɿޱȡ
̤ƬޱȵϣоһУѹ֡
Ķ
ȫû˸֪ɢȴѰҲƬı߼ʡ
óԼһһһ
ǹ׾Ȼѳ룬޷ʹˡ
׷ʲô
ĪһֻƵĸоƺԼڵ磬ʵ磬֮ǰһУΡ
丮ˣȴȣٵʥħ½֮ãһ䣬ʥ֣һеһУΡ
Ī뷨Ļš
ʱͻȻһһɲǣоһ΢ĸ֪ӹԼ壬תۼʧ١
ǡƮĸ֪
ʵɱ⣬Ȼ侲֮ǰξоҲȫʧˡ
ڣƮµӡڣܸоƮԼľϵֻϵ֮ǰѾ΢ࡣ
ƺԼƮͬ硣
Ҳٹһʱ䣬ͻҹɡ
ţпЦ
֪Լܻá
ͳ⣬ﵽǲ·ǣ·
Ѳǡ
뵽·ģҲ··Ȼϡ
·Ĵޱ޼ʣҲ룬еʲôȴһա
ȻǴҲס
УƺûʲôܹסĽŲ̾ϢǽҲܣֻƿ̾ϢǽҲҪĴ۰ˡ
ƮӡǣʼղƬȫİи֪ʲô
ĿĵؿʼѰңϣ磬ܷʲôת
ȻƺֹĻߣһݣһֻС涼ûС
ããأУ΢Ĺϣϳ˳Ӱӡ
СӰĴϣԵµ
һ̣ȷʵеǰδеļį͹¶
ͻȻǿҵ˼Сħɣ˼Լĺӣ˼ǧꡢ˼Լĸĸ
һֱߣƮӡͬһʱǿʱȴʼδ뿪
֪ڷʲô˳ôСħɺԼĺӰȫִô
棬Լǣкӣܹúô
࣬ϣô
֣гǣҡ
־ǿڹȥһʮѣѵʱҲδ
Ȱ۷塣
һ·ǰη壬ΪսΪԼս֪ٴѹȺۣ
޻ơڤӡ컯ʥӣһһǿĵˣǱȡǱѹһһ
һаܼ
δʧã
ټǿˣҲдһ档
ٳڵ˽ܣҲѵһ졭
һֱߣһֱߣ֣ûԪһڲϵĳ
֪ȥ˼죬ΪĿռգʮƣĸо
磬ܹŹ֣
һۣʽȡ
֪̫£Ҫʳˮ
һʯʯģһ˪
˪С
дɬζıѩˮɿʵĺĪĸп
ʱͻȻ䣬ԶĵƽϣƺһӰ
֣һҲ֮һԾ
ǸӰһ˲ٿʧˣ϶Լûп
ңƺһŮˣ
Ʈ
лͷܿ϶
ûԥֱǸӰɱȥ
ûп񱼣ûзУֻһţģ˰ǹ
˭ҪȥԣƮĻҲӲ
Ȼߵ֮ǰĵƽϡ
ȴˡ
ƬϣȻһ޴ľӡ
Ƭӣ޽пĺһ㣬̲һ磡
Ƭ磬ﻨ㣬γĶԱȡ
⾵ӵľ棬ڡ
ô·µĺ
ȷҲֻɺϣ̤˾ӵĿռ䣬أɲݣֲš
ʵ裬¶ԳڻּдգȪ
˺þãһ֮һţһá
̫ãͻȻƬ磬ܵĲֻĸо
Ԫˣ忪ʼԷŨԪڲϵĻָš
̰ĺţȪоԼȫָˣĴﵽ۷塣
һ·ǰҪѰ֮ǰŮӰ
Ůûҵһɽ
ɽ֮ϣԪкƺƬԪԴȪ
ͽĵϸɽ
ڸɽۣ֮һ
ûжҶֻһ֦չͬԾķһ㡣
֦֮ϣöĹʵ
öʵ˴ģƺؾ۶ɵ˿򣬺޲Ͻǳȥ
һʱסˣǴ˴ҩô
ԥһ£֣Ҫժöʵֵ˲䣬öʵеһöԷķС
ƺöʵԵ
ʲôӣ
в֪ȷöʵͬСɣ䣬ҪļǶ񼶵ģߣ
·˵µô
лͷ˵һù·йأôҲΪ档
Ȼǣ·˵ôѾ˰ꣿ
ܿԽô
еöӣ۵Ĵľм٣ԥһ£һҧȥ
ʱѾ˲ȥôöҩˣҲ˲ÿԼʵĵ᲻ܲˡ
Ѿһˣ
еĿһתеĿԼʵ
Ƥܱȫ͸ǹҧУ˼£˽
ģûԹôóԵĶ̰ڸ֮ˣǳöӵʱԼ޲ýͷ̵
ֻʮϢʱ䣬ͽöʵˡ
ָ촽ʮָɾ
ȴŹпܱһԣƷԽߵĵرԽǿֲһԳܣᱬ
öʵ֮ȥժڶö
Ȼһʱ䣬ĸоûϮ
ܵһǰδеʸС
һ淢ɢѪ⣬ľ֮ԼƮƮɡ
ԽԽȣԴεģ·˾һ㣬ȫĪʡ
ڵ˯һ
֮£ǺʵĲݵأһȻʴ󴲡
ͷʱͻȻȻһһ˹
Ȼͷȴ֣֮⣬֪ʲôʱ򣬳һŮˣ
ƺΪ˹ʵδܷ
Ůˣ¡ڷӹһɫɴ˿ò˫Ŀͬڵǿգ˷·һ۾Ҫȥ
㡭
ҪŮӵȻղ˲ѸûܳȺѣθٶϮ֪ٶۣʶ岻ߣ޷ֱǰŮӵ˭
Ʈ
лͷҪȥԼֽ䣬ֱۼʹ
ô¡
һɲԤУŮˣƺԼղżŮˣѵǹԼ¹ӣ
ӣ֮ǰؾܲǶҩ
ҡһ˵ǶҩҲȻʮĶҩαԼϣΪǰĺŮ˱Լǿö࣬ȫɱԼαö
лţоԼԽԽѣһģΪվȣŮӵ
Ů֮ͫУ¶ʮָӵĸ顣
վͬһ㣬ȴûж
ۿҪںŮӻУʱ̣סŮӵļųסԼ壬һʱ䣬ӣŮӵֻм롣
ľ룬ŵŮϵһ˫ˮһӣͻȻһ
ǡʥ
ȫסˣľ룬ϳǰŮӣȻʥ
ϤϢʶ۾ƮҲӦòĵʥƭԼ
Ů̾һժԼɴ¶ľգһӡ
δ˽ľ¿ʥ
ļ覣ƺɢ»һĹԣƺ̺ǳ
ǻŮŮӡ
ϣţԶ׽͸
һ̣еޱȲһĻˣʥͻȻǰһһֱ۴Ҹ´ı˻
һʱ䣬ڻŮӵ㣬δйĴУоǴһ㡣
ûʧԼܵƿʥȻ֪Ĵ㵽ʲôʥѡ
㡭ҵģ
ͻȻʶֿܣʹʱͻȻ⣬ΪԵ֮ҲΪԼע࣬˲ݵģ
ʥû˵عһУöʣµöӣͷʥС
һĻһʲôӣ
̫żڰԨһؼ䣬һ޶شȥΪĪĺôҲ̺ħԵջֵܹ
ʲô
һ𣬺ڰԨ
һ˵֣ԪԨħģںڰԨ
ǸаµĵطȻصĵ
νħջѵǡ
ͻȻ֣ԼԽԽԿƣһĪСڶתȫ
УʥĽƺˣһһɥʧǡ
ҳˡҩ
ţʥҪʲô
Կ϶ʥ壬̺޷Ĵ֮ȺߴתδйһȡʥĴȻмĺô
ţʥὫĴĸԸ͸Լ
ǵΪʲô
Բ𡭡
ߣʥĵ̾Ϣִ̫ˣԸͬһ뿪һȥ꣬Ҳ䵽˵ز˵㶷ǵġ
ʥϧĳеĿ
ȻһУΪľܾӰ
˵עҪ𣬲硭ҵС
ʥ˵ˮӨӨ촽һУöصĵͻȻƿˣƤڻ֭ҺʥĿС
֭Һȫ£Ҳ
壬ʱѾȫƿأƴҪѹסԼڵȻġ
öӵħջʵ̫ǿˣһһ㣬еʥԭŮӣ֪ˣΪ
ûõģ˵öشҲ̺ħԵջֵܹ㣬ҡ
ʥµĹδҩЧѣѾȫƵĲݵϡ
ȥԼȹ
ɫг覵塣
޳ֱ˫ȣģͦ׿Լϸһ֣һ֣ƺƷʱ˿̣ʥ⾰ɫɾںϣγΨĻ档
ů⣬͵ʥĽϣͬľ飬â֮£Ů
δǰ壬һ̣ȴûаɬ
߹ᵹϣסǡ
һ̣޷ԼĸоƴҪƿʥȴʹ˫۲ĴʥҸ£סʥĽ
ޱȣҵĻӦš
㡭Ҫǡ֮ꣿ
ѣоԼԺһҲҪʧˡ
ƺˡΪʲôŶ֡ڻʱ򣬾ͽ֮ȡߣ
ڵĴϢţΪʥǣ塣
ʥĶϣƵУĪջ˵ڲ֮ͣһһμ棬ҲܣһΡҲΪش⣬һУϣ
ʥ˵䣬ؿһ㣬ȫʧˣ¶ʵ
ᣬĵ˵֮䣬ĽȻһж޷ˣպ󣬹¼ſѵֱľͷҶǵ㣬ҵ顭
һݻ䣬ֱԶ


1930 Դ֮
ʥںϣޱůĴУû
ģʼʧңǺڰԨеħԹʵŲɵʥ޷ܡ
ܿ죬Ǿȫ˱˴˵жԵ
·మˣñط꣬罺ᡣ
ʥʼĴϢҲʼ١
һֻСèһҧļĸ߹Įһȫȥȡ࡭
һпʼ֮ǰѾתʥط֮ꡣ
ǣһ˵ĸ
֮ԣѾȫĻ֮Уܽϣһȡߣ룡
ݽߣɥʧһ˵پΪ˶ˡ
һУûȫʥԤʥȫʧȥʶڱ֮£ʱһȴΪĳЩԭ򣬱
ʱţ˶ȫ
ԨҩİԵҩ֮£δܱѣΪȫʧȥ̰ĸʥĽһδδﵽֵ۷塣
ǵ꽻һ𣬾磬ƺ϶Ϊһ
Ǳ˴֮䣬֪໥ȡ˶ٴΡ
ֱǽƣ
ŨصϮ˾˯ȥ

֪˶ãоƺһεε¶ˮԼϣĸоĻָʶ
оԼȫͷѣֻǼ򵥵ĺһڣޱȵѡ
һɿµĿնϮȻ˫ۣз·ʧȥʲôҪĶ
֮꣡
һţԼľ磬ϢڸղŵĽУıԴʥ̰ȡѾʣ޼ˣ
֮𣬶ʮ΢
һʱ䣬ҵĸо
֮ǰԨʵʱΪģûĸܵȫȴʹ˼¡
ߵĸǾԪϵϵߣȻ꣬ǵ걾ԴҲޱǿ
ΪԪϵҪٿϵҪٿԼǿһⶼҪ꣬Ҳ־֧֣
֮⣬ЩҪ񹥻ҲҪꡣ
ߵıԴߵ֮һĸһʧȥǵҲൽ˾ͷ
ЦһתͷȻǰԶվŵʥ
ʱʥѾɴָ˸߰ĮƺղŵǸŮˣһ
վȴΪȵˡ
ʥʥҲ˶ӣþԡ
ԣɽƬԴһΨɽ֮ϣʥһమɱ֮ӣɽ֮ĬĬĿŶԷһ龰ƺĻ档
ڣʥˣٿǿɽµ磬˵ô
Цʲôɺ㣿û㣬ѾƮɱѾһ߱ʬˣӦ˵û㣬ҵʱͲ뿪ѾڴС
ֻԼԼܣⳡ֮УһС˻㲻ϣĪ˵ˣԼˣҶƿزˡǿЦ
Ρ
ˣƮ׷Լ磬ʥֽš
Ӧ˵ʥûȻǿҲƮҲǻ۰вݣ
ۣҪʲô
֪ҲҪ֪ˡ
Դʧȥ֮𶼿ʼ˥
ڵ£󲻵ʲô취ֹһС
űǿԨħ֮ʥȻЦҵʱȥ̫棬Ҳİɣ
ʥ̾һҡͷҪȰ㣬㲻ұѡȥ̫棬뿪Ƿ֮أǡ㱻ˣ֮꣬õˡ
Ȼ֪νġǻۡ
Ϊʲôʱ֣ΪҪȥ̫֮ƴԼȥȵҽƣʧȥϣʱ򣬲Ŷҳ֣
Ȼ˫ĿҲѪ졣
ԼܣһеһУƿС
̫ˣ
Ϊڻʱ֮껹ʥĿ¶һֱΣ㲻ǵô˵һ̫˳ˣȻĥѣǻûʧܹ̣֮ȻҲȹ̣ˣ֡
ǣ뿪֮󽫼ƾͼƣʥ֣֮Ƶ£꣬ҲľΡɱ䣬׵ȹ̣Լδ
ǽ죬һ㣬ھһ֮󣬱ȻиµĽԳԽ񣬳ΪǰδеĴڣǡû˻ᣬ컯ʥʲᣬҲᣬҪ֣͹ڵʱɡ


1931 
ʥĻЦףԼȥ磬ڶǺս󣬻ΪλԼ˵ԼָԼһ
ʱãԣʮһΪǲԼԿʥ塣
ڿ뷨̫ˡ
ֱʥɫҳĸƱ˵һĻнġ
վʱѾˡ
ȥ̫棬̫ʥԿЩûг۵ơ
컯ʥʻ֪Լ䣬Ҳǻ۵İʾˡ
գѡƮ׷ɱԼԼ͹ȣ־ʱͳ⣬治ʵλõʱʥ֣ͨŮ֮ʥϣˮ齻ڵĹУһ˱Դ
ʥѾ࣬ƺһ̣ʥ׾ˡ
ԳһЦգÿն㻹ǡֶΣΪ˴֮ĿģԼ嶼Եɹߡڷ˵磬ŮΪ˽ǮԼ壬ǣʲôأ
ص֮Ҳ˫ޣ֮һɣĽ͹ôȻҵжԣҲòϣһֱ㣬ƽŮӣ֮һͬŮȻһУ׷۷֮ǰô
˵̶񶾵Ļգʵ궼ʹൽ˼£Ϊ֪ԼѾ̽䣬˵ǲޣܲޣ
ԼܣҲʥǺʥӺԼǶ׵ʧ
Ļ·һ׶ֱӴʥģ
ʥһϵı̣ƺδȫסˡ
Ŀж˼Ϊӵĸ飬ǼȵķŭСί
ҧݣҧѪĿҲɭȻâؾҵиɳҲĮȥ
ûû𡭡֮ԭҪԸ׳Чǿȡȡ㲻Ը׳ԼıԴֻԶħ֮ȫʧȥȫʧصʱ㾫˫ؽϣȡ֮ꡣ
֮ǰϰĽɫҳȫҲģʥ䡷֮ƪ֮ƪɫҳ֮ƪ֮ƪ
֮ƪϻҲ֮ƪҵϢϡ
㣬ʼնҵӣҲ֮·һ·ʯ
ʥĻ飬ȴƺһζûȥ⣬ʱȥ׷Щʲôأ
ЦҡͷˣҼǵ˵һֻڿ֦ҶеС棬Զ֪ĺ˵֮·ǽڽ£춷ѰǴǧꡭ˲Ŷ˼ʾԣ㲻ֶΡ
ǸʼղܸһȻ־׷۷壬Լĵߣû취ҵ塢ˡѡ޶ԡעʧܡ
ˣΪһʧߺͽ֮˵ôࡣ
˵ⷬ·ࡣ
ʥĬɫþֹˮĿ⣬ȴɭÿ¡
ɫа벻̣Ϣ侲
Ʈȹ׷ɣѾתƺҪȥվתͷٿһۡ
ֻУޱߵĮ
˵ǣƽĶȹɡ
ʥ˵̤꣬նȥλһĺɫӰʧˡ
ĺɫ䣬Ʈϡ
ͣգ˫Ŀ
ǣ
ԭﾹȻǡ
ӦԼͨռ֮ͨ󣬻ʩչֶͨΣǿͨԼ
ʥԼڼôʩᰡ
ǣûʲôоʥı飬þõԺ֮Угʹ
ָоıеһ飬˾ʹ֮⣬з·ʧȥʲôҪĶ
޷
ʥһ̵ʲôѾȥˡ
һֻϣҪȥ˼ô
ʥ֮ǰ˵ʥ䡷֮ƪ֮ƪ۾֮ƪģֲ˫Ŀǣĺƺʱɢ
ЦԼȥЩʲô
ƬݵϣѾҡ
ƮľӡǣҲͲˡ
¶ټɥʧ޶࣬ʧȥһж־Ҳʧȥ˻ȥ
ȰԼ۷塣
ֻһʧߡ
߳ȥһһе꣬һΪһţ޻Իͣ컯ʥרźķһ飬Ʈɱ
һУ´棬´˵
ǺֻصǣһС
ΨһĲͬǣıԴߣ֮Ҳʼ˥
һУһΡ
һ׷εˣ㣬ܻص㣬ͬǣ׷˴ʱѾȥҲܡ
ķ̰
̫£
ǹϣȴֻе޵Ĺ䡭
·ȥˣһ
ʱŶԣκ塣
Ī

ңԶ棬ĺڰ֮УӰվ
һȫںеΨŮӣһǲϵꡣ
ʥۡ
ô
꣬Ϲһ˿΢Ц
ʥɫ䵭һԲ
ҴӦûξ֮һУ㽫תԪģޱķ׸õ֮ͬʱҲĶֻۣһӡ
۵һ˿ζȷ֮Ըܷ׳ǻУ;֮ߵˣңҲиֶΣξƭƭԸԼһУҲѡ
㵹ȫעĸ飬ԪʲôãĻѾɣŶƺʣһ㣬ٻһӣվɣͺñ㽫ĶӽѵһУΪһִ
ۻ˵ţʥѾɫ˪
һһٵ˵㡭죡
΢΢һЦɡ
ʥɭҪˣ֮ЭҪңƣȥһмƻữӰ
ʥУ¶ߺ޵ɱ⣬ɱûҲ΢΢üЦˣҲǣһ޵ˣ޲ýǧСңγأһУʩһŶˣ㻹ģ˵ʲô壿һĲֵ
ֻû뵽תȴһ顯ϣ˿СŮһ㣬㽣ȻҪάϵЦĭȻȥҪĶɡ
֣ʥҧĿɱɭȻգǳʶȫſ
ģü֮䣬ĹۣγһŶСɫĹ
Ź򻺻ɳռУϵС۶·̺档
ǡ֮꣬ӵˣԸ׳
ʥϣʵھȫʧأﵽ۷ʱԸġ
ڣʥԼ֮꽻ۡ
ԭĲһ֮꣬ʥûбһ룬ȫ˻ۡ
ǿ֮УһöصӣƺֻҪȥһ硣
֮꣬ˣ
֮꣬˫۷Ź⣬˷ޱȡ
ΪҷѾĻ㣬õˡ
촽һ֣㽫֮ץУЦˣ¶һɭ׵ݡֲϣЦݣ˲
˷ܵĿеӡ
Ը֪̽һ飬ȷûбֽźŻģöӰԼüġ
СģκμӺԼĻᡣ
֮壬һʱ䣬ƺõĶʳѻƬ̹ڱǿƽ䶾úͻȻõһиٸ࣬һɫжڽ󣬵õһŮ
۵ƺΪȵ˷ܣ
һ˫ǡϵ۾ı仯Щˡ
̣һʱ
ۣһ꣬ǳĺƺɢࡣ
ֻףɲ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫз
ãܺã
ָ֣ǵĹǽڱ졣
һӦҪ󣬶ƮǱߣҲƴȻҲΪԼڡһʥһߣ
֮꣬۲ֱںˣǱھ֮Уӡ
̸꣬ס
иӵľӡ֮Ըѡ
ԪǼõӡ
ǻۣ⼫ΪҲ޷һһ㣬ʵϣҪ֮꣬һΪḶ́Ҫʮϡ
ʱڻߣʥӡγ˲ռ䣬Ƿ
ֲõһ磬ܹ֮á
ۿһĻмһЦҪôʥֻǶȤ½磬ǲȤģ֮ڣˡ
ʥһԲֻĬĬת˺ռ䣬̤ȥ


1932 ɽ
¸棬ȥ
ڵƬҰ֮Уƺõĳ˯˹ȥ
ϵҶǳһһ㣬
ԭɾʵֻǻþʥ뿪ˣþȻҲʧˡ
߲Զɭ֣Ұ⸽û
мĸǣҪɿȻ֮ȴ߲Զħ֮Ϣ壬ˡ
һһ꣬ͬһ߿տһ
оԼ֮˥ΪҲ½
Դʧʹ˥ߡ
оԼҲ˶ˡ
ǣԼĵطվҲΪĹ֮ء
֪ôˣûµĻأ֦ɢҶأ
Ƿӹʥ׷ɱ
ˣǷ޺
к𡭡ʵǿҲȴִֵ׷ȥμǾһսǷҴأ
̾һʱѾûʸȥЩˣţ϶سﵽ·˵ľ硣
ΪȻֹʥ۷壬δ̤˵ȥһķ̡
һ죬վѾѻ˺ݡ
оԼ࣬վ︯ó
ʱ̣ȥǵһЩطһۡ
ƽĵȴ
ˡ
뿪Ƭĵء
ûзУûƿռ䣬ȻڻʣµΪЩɺס
ֻԼĽţһӡһӡߣĲƬء
ߵĺȴִš
֪ӿҵ˷
ͽɽˮԽӣι󺣡
ǵĴʮֹƿˣ뺣ɽһľ޾ͬΣ˴ִ绮գ˿ĺ󣬿ʣൽƽߡ
еһг˿ᾪ̾ĪػҲ˶
Ȼ󣬱ȴʼƽ޲
ڣɹƬ֮ǰѾø֪֪̽ƬϺ
Լս޻Ϻħ
ιϺĿĵأҲ쵽ˣȥɣǣȥԼĵطһۡ
Ըˡ
ֽУȡһھŶʱʹõľߣϡ
֪˹ܶ˶Ļ뱻ϳΪ²⣬ʱѾˡ
ȻսδǣҲֻʱģʥ֪Լǣ롣
ǲںԼȴǣ顣
ϵˣᡣ
ߣǰУһһ
һգǰһɽ
ɽߣҲʮֶ;գһ񽣣˵ϡ
ͷɽĬƬ̣ʼͽ
ιλֵܣҪɽȥġ
ʼɽʱͻȻ˵عͷֻ˵һŮ
ǶֳֳǷ˵ߡ
ӴŶʮŮֻʮ˾꣬ΪֱǺںڣշ˽ı׼ôΪǿˡ
ǿϵߣ΢΢һ£ƺûϵôŹ֣ȻĮߣӣҲһˡ
ò˵ҿҲܺãҲİɣ⽣ɽòѰɽϵĽɰʦɣȰɣ˵ΪɽģȥҲܰʦɹ˵ٹЩʱգɽĽҪԽѣʱĸֶ񣬵ǼҲкܶϲɽΪʦţȥһأ
Ů˵ţŮӣЩ⣬Ȼʦãǵʦƺӡ
Ĭתͷʼգû˵һ仰
ѾĻ䣬ԸҲֻ뿴һԼսĵطˣӴ
˵ֻһͣɫһʡ
⸱ģ죬Щɵ
ߵСʦãЩĶ˶ţǺĵ¿ηΣôԵ
ߵʦ̯̯֣˵ߣƢֵģǸˣǲȥٵȺʱʱ䣬ʦ͸ûˣ֪ɽɴʲô񰡡
ʦһһ˵ţȻȥˡ
ǱΪӦһͳܲסǱɽɽµţȻǾǣɽ֮󣬾Ϣˣƺȥ
ʱʵѾ˰ɽһɽһͿԿԽǽ죬ú
ܵɽϣŨĽ
⽣۹Ȼǿ
ڷ˵磬Ƕԣ⽣ȴǿò˼飬ܴӽ֮Уܵһ಻ĺƵ֮ɽһ㡣
һ⾳ڽ⾳
֮ǰǶŮ˵ߣɽžΪ⽣ˡ
ýţΪѵá
ȻһУȴȤûУֻ·ѣɫĮɽ
ȻʱͻȻһХһֱ죬ϵ˺
ƶˣԼһӰȥʮҵģ
ֳ˫üĿ緢
ȻֻǾһƳεĿһۿʮӵģ
ѵǡ
΢΢ݣʱһʮ꣬ԷòѾһ˿ı䣬ɻϳ
ˣԼڻĶ֣սơ
ƣ˽ɽϵĽɣȻô
в죬Ȼ
ˣ򣬵꽪˲ῡܣ䣬ɾͽɣ˽⣬Ҳ֮е顣


1933 
ɽܸߣɽϵ죬εϴģļƬƣе׺һͨ͸ˮʻ
ɽҲ䣬ɽ֮ϣѩǣȴһȪӽɽ֮£ڽɽͣӵദΪٲԶԶȥͬҫ۵İɫ˳档
ԭѾ˽ɽΪȫڲκ˵£ֱӷɽǣͣ
ڰѩϣǹĽ⣬Īĸо
ʱһٶ꣬ټ˷ǡ
ƣɳ·ϣ㲻һڵĶ֣컯ʥӣʥЩصĳֱֵһᡣ
ԽȴкӡΪƵǣ֮־
ϧƣΪ˽ƵļıߣҲ޷ѣ
뵽Ϊϧ壬ˣȻ˾˲
ɽǻЩ죬ڽɽϾۼԽԽࡣ
ˣ˽ܡ
ǳһۣһֻֻ߲񣬷ɽ
ĬĬĿţĶޣ鱦齢֪ǰЩֻۡǿȥʣʵֵһᡭ
ߣз˵Ŀ֡
ң뵱꣬ڻ䣬ȸ֪ס˶ˡ
ڽɽɽۣһˮأˮˮɡ
ɽǵȪǴģʶˮأҲ겻ġ
ˮϣдССʮˮ̨ͤ
ⳡᣬЩ̨֮ͤϾеġ
Ϊһ֮ͣվһ󣬵λñȽϱԵ̨ͤϣЩĵǣվһ
ţô㣿
߲Զһʮ˾ŮסˣǼʱ֮ǰڽɽ֮һŮ
ʦҲ̨֮ͤϣͬ졣
⽣ɽûɽˣΪɽϽһ˸
λ֣ôģ
ӿϱߣЩͷˡ
ɽ¼ʱ򣬻ΪǸɵӣû뵽ڿɵӾȻһɽ
Ȼǵѯʣƺûֻǿź룬ȴⳡᡣ
öŮ˸ӣûȤĸо
ˣİɡ
ŮùǺСؾҵţʵ֪֮ǰɽ½ʱ򣬻ͷء
ǴǺģš
·ΧһУĮġ
ʦã˵䣬ʦĽ̵㶼ôСѵŮ˾죬˵ˡ
ʱ򣬽ڿʼˡ
ᲢһҪֳߵ͵ıᣬĽ֣˴˼໥д裬ȡ̣򽣵ѡ
Դҳ֣Ϊ˷ʤǸУչʾԼĽΪ
Щ˵ĽȻ
ֱƳ
յĽƣһ£üëбޣ۾һԱʯ
ڽƵ󣬱һϻϻɽ죬عӡ
ڽϻĩˣ¶һɫһɫ
һУڻʱһģһ
ƣõ˫ͬʱʹãǲͬĽӦŲͬʽ
ˡ
ƵĶ֣ȻҲѡ
ڻ䣬Ҳ̵ӡһʱҪʱ򣬾͸ԼȡΪ
ԭôƺͽ˴˻Ϊ֣ϧĶ֣Ȼˡ
ʱһٶĽмƣҲʮģһ£ûнǰǷâǱģֻǿǸоһϻеı
΢ЦԽƵ֣ûˣһΣǽֶУ
ʮУƻش
ã죬ҵĿǣư٣
ʵһֱ罪ƣܹڽ֧ŰУȴѾһ漣ˡ
ʦͣ
ߣ֮ǰгͻʮŮֱ֣ȻʮּԭŮǽĵӡ
Դˣûж룬Ҳû⣬Ŀƺͽıԡ
ƺͽֱ޳ԼĽ⣬һʱ䣬߿գѤޱȡ
ǵĽ⣬ڳһЩͼ彣֮ͬһХ𺳡
Եͼ˵ǴδĴ棡
Ƕʱ˷ܼޱȡ
ƽɺɣҸоԼĽҪ뿪ʣأ
ڵɣһ㽣͸û취ΪУûԼĽȥˣ˵ƽɺɵͬʦֵأ
ԣǵȷһųģֻһǳ۵СţȣȻͬʱ߳˽ܣֱ˼顣
ȣֻһƷţСطҲҪ֪ͬϺħ򣬿Ʒš
˵ҲҪǿ֪ͽߵһǳס
٣ССȣǴŲ֪ȣһ˵Ҳƽɺɵͬţڻ䣬˵ƽɺ֮ϣʶڻһĴˣٺѾգˣݴĳɾͣǧǰĵȻߣ
˵˰ɣô֪ܲĴ棬̫ǿˣںܶ˶̫ңԶ̫񻰣Զе㲻߳ġ
ȣλðˣ˵ͬһʱһţͻһŵʵ໥׷һſܳĳһʱӢűľ氡˵ףƽɺڵĳɾͣҲӰɣ
򣬻Ĵһ񻰰֡
ȻЩۣУȴɫĮȻ
£ͫʹž޲·
٣˵ˣˣҵʦ𣬿׿ڸ˵˵顣
֮ǰɽʮŮȲļ۵Ȧ
ʦĽʦľҲĽ
԰ڵĴʱܴ
԰ӿɵ״أô֪ܲ˵˵
ȲҪˡ
ⷬʻʱáӡ°ȻˣߣʦȴҡҡͷЩЦˣаʮˣСԡ
Ů˵üɫ裬ɹΧӵĿ⣬Ǵ˵ʱǵүүûء
Ĵţ汾ͬĪһǣѵһˡڽǵȻýζ
ЩȤģѾһ̶ˮоϣѾûʲôˡ
Ȼ֮ʱŮļһ仰ȴŶģͻȻһ˿¶
ǲ֪ʦ𣬵ˣ츳Ķ־
д˵ǾŶĻӣ·ŵģʵǺʦ֪ˣǷ˼ҵĺӣһǼҾһķˣʱ˸䡣ңһδۣ֮·ǳһ߳ġ
ʦı˵ƶľ˵Ŀ꣬׷۷壬ʦ˵ҲУ۷أ
СŮһ˵һȺӷ׷׾̾
׷۷壿أ
֪۷ʲôӣҲ־׷󰡣
²ţЩУȴͻȻпǧ
۷壿
˵ôףԼ̤·֪ǶôƮ죬ȥ׷Ҫôµĥѣ
پ˽ܣΪ˶ٶ˶ٴۣ
ţ»ȻԽ࣬ԽûеһУеĶ־
ġô
ɵʱ˵죬նޣ
ʱε緢Ȼڡ
̾һУƺ̺޾Ĳɣ
֮ϣͽսʵʱ̣з裬̤أȴֻһ˿˿һˮ
ǵĽ⼤䣬ȴû˵
ǵʵǿǵĽ֮Уȴ̵ĸܵǹԼ׷ġս⡭
ͻȻһĪĲʣҧٶȴ߶΢֮ҪԼеҪȥΪҪħ
Ȼ̫֮֮ˡ
ӴҪԼ磬ɳš
ħҲлӦ
뵱꣬ڣʹħһʹá
ڣڵʱ򣬶΢
ͬݺ塣
ңǣܴ߶ħܲƾ˻ָԴ
ħȻǽɱ꣬ӡǣֲ꣬ȴ̫ܡ
ʧȥԴʧȥ֮𣬾ʧȥıԴ
ͺñȣҲѾձɽ˻ഺ
ΥĹ
ʧУٶϮ
־ʧȥõ֮ʱһ֮䣬Ȼ򵥵һжܹȥܶʱϵĺܶ£ǲΪǲΪ
̾һҡʧȥҵĶ־ҿж־ΣʧȥһУԡ죿


1934 
֮ϣƺͽıȶѾﵽʵĽ׶Ρ
ÿһУÿһʽ˶˵ĽΧߣȲ
Ȼʱ˿̣Χ֣ȴг¿ġ
磡
һײеĽķˡ
ɫתŷɳ⣬ɳɸߡ
ʮУұĿͲһУйŹ֮ɫĿŽƣ˵òǹİɡ
ҡҡͷ˵žŹһҸղľʮŽһֻء
УҲֻأ
Χ򣬶ʱ򣬽ǱִӸ߿׹䣬иĽȻ࣬Хա
ⳤһ̨ͤ
Сģ
Ӿ׷˿

˵ϣֱû뽣
˵ɲɣһڵ̨ͤϡ
ʵԶΪΧĵӺһӣǱϵȸһɢˣʣһˣһվԭأͬʯһ㣬һʱ䣬ˡ
ܶ˿
صҲǹرģϾȻһľߣľıܶ˻ʶأһЩʶ֮ȴϵá
ľߣȥЩŤʮֹĸо
Ȼǣߵ꣬Ϊ˭Ҳʲô硣
ˣҪôǾ֣ҪôǾͨԼΪҪôͨˡ
ڿȥһֿʵڲ
ͽƶע⵽һ
λ̨մ
ǰϣܵһϤϢ޷ȷԼǲļ
ĬȻ
󵨣ƽ㻰أ
һƷŵǳ⣬άƵȨԼӡ֣һû
㡭
ƷҲǴСʱӡŭˣ׼ѵѵ
ʱƵ԰ꡣ
ĻΪƽǴһģ·ƽ׺˶ʱƽϢ˷ŭ
תλ̨½ƣһ޽̨ͣµĻȥСãһǧ꺮ƣλѳ
񾴵˵ⷬ˶ľ
ǧ꺮ƣǿýɽȪ֮ˮϲ֪ŵر죬ȥߵĺô󣬲֪˸ȫҶҪһڽƾȻһȥеȥ
佪ͽܣһŮӶɳˣǿǧ꺮ư
֪ʦʦƣȾ
ƣȱٵ
ǧ꺮ƣҲֻа̳ÿԾƻѣȵټȻȥȣ
˭ⲻϵڱĺô
ԽƵ룬ипĬ֮ڵ˵ͷ
һ㣬ƵѪ
ӿ¸֪ǧ꺮ʲôɣȻôԸֱ˲
룡
ƺˬ˵
סĵطʮء
һݣéᣬ˶ѡ
ĲãҲʮּ򵥡
һľӣΣһƿһ˵Ŀݣоǣһŵľ̳ӡ
Ʋȡǧ꺮ƣˮˣϴɾӣһһ
ֻˡ
ơ
ʱһʮ꣬˾ףڴʱ˾¡
ѣմ
ǵڶʻˣʵĲǽƣǽݣͬ档
ˣ͸ȴоЩϤ
ֻϤýòţô룬Ǹ˲ǡ
ˣ̨Ը̸䣬ʱǣƷ֪ٱαʶ
һ
һٱһ
þƣ
̾
ҲǾþûζ֮̾Ƶľ֮ˣƷĲǾƣ⾳ӳʱʱĸٵζĴ㡣ǡڳ䣬ƴ֪ж࣬ĥѣܷͦ豹棬ͷųĴ㡣
ҶԣǺȵǧƣǴ㣬ʵûбʵΪҺȵĲǾƣ
Ƶһ˽ĴЦȲʡ
һ
֮һ䣬ĥѣ֪١
ͦ豹棬󳹴򣬳ɾʹ桭
ʵ˵ĲԼһȱĥѡ
һȷɱȷֹٴıԵ
µıѣ޻׷ɱƵİڤӵƣٵ컯֮ӵĲơ
һУۡ
ûʲô˲
ΪܶߵĳɳҲˡ
£ҲһйµˣǾĥѣδرԼ١
ȻĴĥѣۡ
ǵʱ򣬿ܸ֪·ںη


1935 ʵ
̨
žƱţ̲סʵ
̧ͷ򽪱ƣ˵лл
һ֪лʲôⲢҪˬʵЦҸ̨ͶԵ첻飡
ʱҲ͵飡
ƿͻȻ˵ʵ̨µһˣ²̨ơ
Ŷ
Ĭûжԡ
̨ر𡣡΢΢һѰ׷ǸˣǰˣȴֻǵһŶ֡
оƣһʮǰȵĶԾǳ֮Ŀ֮սһս
ип˵ҵĹѣȷƣʵͬ㲻ƶᣬһĺˣҲˣһֺء
λѡһ׷ĽŲǽнԶվˡڣӦѾ׷Ѱ۷ĵ·˰ɣ롭
۷ôĵ˵Щ㯣ʲô۷壿
ƺʽƣҲԼ
ʵЩ꣬Ѿ۷˻ɡ
Թ֪ж˽ܣǶ׷Ѱ۷塣
ʥΪ۷岻ֶΣΪ۷컯ʥΪ۷壬ϧԨħ塭
ǣߵһأ
Ī˵ǣ·ˣʥ䡷ߣǡǷﵽ۷أ
Ƶ۷ʲôҲ֪룬ǶһȺɽУߵɽ壬۷壬ôڵĽɽҲ۷ˡ
ҡͷɽ
ǣҵϽɽۣ֮ԸһǸ£ȴԶԶϣ޾ɽ壬һɽ壬ߵģԽߵɽ壬Խⲻµģµǣ֪ɽ
ɫžƱѾ֪ɽ
֮ġʥ䡷ġ顷ںϡ
۷ô
ȷ֪֮ǰʩչֻؽ˫ԣʲô㲻ϡ
½·ߵ£Ҳǽɽĸ߶ȶѡ
һֱȥôͻȻʽơ
ΪʲôƴЦƱһһֱȥ֪۽ޣԶҲɻ᲻ҲҪϵ߷壬ֻҪϣܿ߷ˣ
Ϊһ߷壬۽ͻӶߵĸ߷ҵ¸߷壬һֱظ
ô
ʡ
֪ߵݣһһε·ôֻľഺ
С֣صĵͷ֮ƣһһڲСԶµĸɽ١ܲϳԽԼԼ
Լ
һ̣һ𣬷·ıʲôˡ
ԼĵˣʵԼ
ƣһע̤۷壬ȥ׷ѰΪÿһ¸ɽʹԼ
ʱһˣ֪ʲôҲ޷˵ĳȥ
ɶ˻𣬲ô
ĬȻо׽Щ򣬾þòԡ
˵Ըһֻ˻ķɶꡣ
ȻˣϾǷɶꡣ
Ը˻ɶˣʵվ޷˵ĳеʱ򣬻ܿϣġ
ȥҲˡ
˵Ҫ˻ķɶ꣬Ҳȷʵˣҳɹˡ
ǣɶǲɹġ
ǳ棬Եľ
ϣʱ򣬵Ļǰʱ򣬸ҳȥģмأ

ƻĳ˼һ±֮ơ
һһǧƺˡ
ٻ¾ƣһ̳һ̳ǲ֪˶̳
ԭǽգˡ
һͿˡ
֮һΪƱٹΪ;ĶǣѰΪﵽߵľɱΪͲǰ̡
һΪսȴѵúͿ
Ʒ֪㣬Ϳʱء
ǾƵ⾳Ҳ⾳
֪ٴоƣֱ˶ڵϣ˯ȥ
һ˯ü
Ѿö꣬û˯ˡ
ȥ٣ȥı׷ɱȥԼŵ֮
ѵ÷ݣѵúͿ

һҹ
ƺͽ˯ϣƱǽ壬ߣڷ߰˸տյľ̳ӡ
ĬĬĿһվ
ʱ򣬽Ҳˡ
Ҫߣ
ƿͷ
ȥĶ
Ĭȥһط
ԤУӦ뽪һμˣأ
ЦˣңӦȥѰҡһߵ۷塭

뿪ˣɽһУĪĸо
Ȼڴڼ䣬ûȥйûȥûȥȴ֪ʵ飬õһǰδеϴ
֮Ȼʢôθպĳɾͣ
ֻǣûҵָԴķ
˽ɽᴩƬĻҰ˹
˹ĵط
̫Ļ䡣
վһɽϣңں嫵֮УС̫СˣɳĮһɳݡ
ǣȴ̫Ļ䡭
ĸ֪ӿɵĸȫĹ
ҵɣǣС˵ĳС
յɣǣֻһСǣеĳǽɸߣ˿ڲʮ
ȻɣѾ˻ʳ˳ǣ˹ĵһС
мΪֵȺ
˷츲صı仯ȻΪԭ߳ɣǵΪУÿ궼֪ӿߣЩߣӵдĲƸҲʹٳɣǵķ
ɣǵſڣɸߵʯܡ
мһ̵еֳһ˳ǹֱָ졣
̵ܵŮӣͬһ㣬ǧ
ܣÿ겻֪˳ݡ
վڳſڣפá
ڣ̤С
Ⱥʲô˶УߡؤϷӡѾߡηձġ
һһƣ߹·Ҫؿʯͷ϶ˮףǮǮûǮ˳һľ׳ӣ˱ȭ
ˮУޡ̯ԡ
ЩӵģΪȺеһԱۣҲֻϵߣýֵϵżע⵽
洦ɼµĽӣһһܡ
ڳſŸͷ緢߹ҲڣһŲϯϯض
ձ³ĴձǮһģƣһݣСֵܣһɣ
߹һʯţһձĴձ
תͷȥֻͷɫ̫ɹúģһ˪ʵĴֲѣһ˫ԼɵľɲЬ
ʱֽһձձϣǼӡ
ͻȻоһᣬϣȴûͭǮûн
ֽĶóһڷ䣬һƽ١
ǣҡҡͷ
㶣ţˣ޷ģ˴Ǯˡ
ЦСֵ˴ǮɣⶼˣûԷɣһҪǮ
ֽձ
ձ㶵վв֪ʲôζ
꣬ǺͯʱҾòĸΪҴ¥ÿǮĸ׸Ǯ;ձǺ«
˫ձĽձ͵ߣҧһڡ
ĿڸУеĹ㡣
ûбζһٶǰһģһ
áֻǳձˡ
һһڣϸϸľ׽
Ƿеʳ֪ˣԵĶĵرһ㣬һ㾡𣬵ǡƺûκһĵرȵϽ죬µձ
Сֵܣôˣ
ձĸˣձ󣬾кᣬЩˣǱóԣǸֱŤˡ
ûСлл
ҡͷһ񣬶תȥ
һߣһ·ϣٹˣĹӣŽӵС㡣
Ҳ˸ƶˣ¥ǰΪƶŪļŮ˽ͷؽֵؤ
̶̲꣬ػף֪ϲ
ЩСʱҲûȥ
һָ
ᷲͬһָ
Ȼˣ̫̫࣬Ʒˣȴ֮١
վ̫ߣ֮ͨ䣬ǵǸ޷˵
֪䣬ߵɣǵ룬ּҵڵء
һٶּΪԭѾ˹򣬵һ˼塣
´ңûּԺա
ʲôˣʲôּҡ
ĸּҽߣѾּ˶죬ػּңֻּҼǰĬĬפ㡣
һʱʱ䣬ٹ˳ּңһΡ
ҲּҵУ䣬ʮּҡ
ּҼƺǸףֻԼҪġ
ĬĬĿЩĬĬ뿪ʼգûּҵļš
޳ּңӦǧķ٣Ȼϣûĸ
պһ壬ֻҵưܣعƽ
ⱾȻֻأı䡭


1936 ѩҹ
ɣǵһվȥ˵길ĸɣ汾ҴּҾ¥
ʱ¥ѾǾ¥ˣӪҵǱ
¥ּҵıأĪ˵ȥԷι۶С
ÿһ˹ʵۣɣǣֻԶԶĲΰݡ
˹ʵּҴģȨڻȨ֮ϣԽ
Լȥľ¥ƺһҲʧȥ˹ʵεȤ
ʵеġʡ֣ʡ
ʵΣĲǸطģĻ䡣
ּҾ¥Ѿʣȫһʱ㲻ȥˡ
ΪȥĻ䣬վҲˡ
뿪ˣ뿪ɣǣҲ뿪˹
һ㣬Դʥ˱Դ֮󣬵ڣѾ߰ʱ䡣
оԼΪÿ£ȻΪڱһ㱾Դ廹˥ϣȻ֮𣬸òˣҲزӴΪ
ģЩɢˡ
ʼ
һ·򱱣߹һƬƬĴ䣬ߵ˱ԭ
Ͳ˹ô̫ƽˡ
ңսڽϣܸܵеĻңͷŲҴңɫš
սġߣǶԷ˶ԣµ顣
һսģҲ֮ӡ
һգŴѩ
ߵһɽ֮Уɫǰ·ƽϵĻѩûϥɽѩӣܿһˡ
һҹĻ°ããɽҪɽͻȻ䣬еһĪĺϮ˸ս
ȻΪ󽵣Ҳܲסѩɽϵĺ䣬ʵܴ½ǿıϵ߶֣Ҳʲô
ǽ죬ȴĪĺ
ƺĺ䣬Գܡ
֪ʥϵˣβõģҡֻԽԽأգҪԼ
ø֪ƬѩɽҪҸϢĵط
һѰңȴһһˣԼʶˣȻԷòѾĸı䣬Ȼϳ
ò̫ȥӰӣ彣Ҳһʮδ䡭

ˣ
ѩҹ·ҪҲ֪᲻ᶳ̫ӵ¡
ԹţǵСѩҹĴУ˶Զ
˵ˣǱҵСǵĻȥˣǿ϶ᱻ֡
һ˵ţŶңбһͯ
˹ϵķ£ĸסɪɪĺͯͷ·
Ҳأһ굣ĵ˵
ҲҲˡ̾һҡҡͷûǴĻȥŵɽǰ棬ҲЩɲݺͲ𣬽ЪŰɡ
һ˵ţһѩѰ·ļܺãԼĪһ֮ҵеɽ
˳һѩҹ﷭ɽǵǻסǻеĺͯҪܲˡ
˴ҴҵɽϵĻѩժ¶ҡ
ɽȻ䣬ȴˬģȻиɲݲн
Ǵòһѻ
ǵѣɽһ˲䣬ȴͻȻһ׷˺
š꣡Щˣһͬ˱
Ϊɽ֮УһˣԷ̵ߣߵ̳ı鼫ΪĮҶԷȻûһϢҲûɢƣǽɽ֮ǰȻδ
˭
Щ˼Ϊ裬Ϊٰ׷ɱ
ƬѩɽУȻֵһˣٴС
·ˡ
ĬĬ˵Ŀ⣬һеϡ
߿ǻ֮䣬һϣµķ˪ǴӵϣϡܿʱļӢ
ֻһֱֻۣһͷ룬һĵ̣üĵӣ
Ȼʱ־裬ɴɫУܵľ⡣ǵ۾УѾѪ˿źöûкúõ˯ˡ
ʱֽ߳ͬʱԼǰĺͯ廤סͯ⺢ͯǼΪ£ĳУ޲֣ſߵıϣ
Ų壬ǰƣ˵ӰӣģԺһӰصһ
ǸӰӣͷɫڣ徫³òӢʮ㣬ǣƺŵĲмͳ֮⡣
ǱƤĳ׽оʶĻϵԪ
޷ţߣȻԼȥ޵Сס
ףɣǣԼĳ¡
־丮Ų̲ǰ˳ǲμӿˣΪʱż׵Ϊֺף˽˰ϳסѣȥǣħ
ٺΪͻͽֱչ¶Լļֵ˳ǵĻңע⵽ƴ£
ΪгΪ˶Īѹż
ӣʮΪԼĻλҲʼף¡
ױܣ۶һʮ˵ײʧȥ˼ֵ˸ۡ
ǣױˡ
ԺҲûпףһһʮꡣ
û뵽ټףѾģ
ϵĵ̣Ķۣ϶ƣӡ
аˣΪ˶Ӱ֮·
һУЩ꣬׾˶ٲɣ
㡭ʶң
ע⵽оɲ
ûлشұϣһЩɲݣʱɸܵǵĺ䡣
ʹԳܡ
ڷ˿С˵
ô
ǾЩԭͻȻֵһˣΪɱǵľ֣ڣȴƺܲɽк硣
һΪʲô֡
Ҫģ
ѡ˾ԶĽ䣬Сĵһֱע
ϣ˵ǲǰˡһԪСĵ˵֮ǰǵ̸֪û
ѩ֤ΪԶ֮ϣĻǸ֣ᱻɱԡҪǣȻģ֪Ϊʲôҿое֡
˵Ѿ֣ڵֻһ֡ס
һȺΧڻ߿𣬳Ÿ⣬ˮʼվš
׻еͯʼնʮְգһ˫۾
ע⵽ͯؿڣú˿߹һ鿴ܲ۵ͭƣͭϣһģͼ
ƺʶʲôģͯǰͭͯ
Թ֮׿ʼĿ񣬵עʼռϡ
֪ΪΣԽԽֵֹֹĸоָоʲô˵
Ҳעףһʮ꣬±Ǩң뵱Ǹʢ˵꣬һˣȻת䡭
ǸղɽĻˣȻЩѰһŮ
ЩᴩĮңҲŲµе
һ˹ҵսһұһҸ𣬻ӡʧɢ
ף첿ѰЩŹ£ȻǷǳΣյ
һСģͻᱻйɱ
оһвΪٻΪ׵ѾûжˣڵľԣһټʮѾǼޡ
µȲҸ˵ʱˣֱܵѶɽ
ʲôԭ֧ȥһ岻ȴּΪΣյأ
ԺлЩͷʱͻȻһƤˮ˹
֣ˮУˮȵģչٹˮС
ӹġ
ôһˮɡ׿Ŀʼվ衣
οӣһڣֽ˻ȥ
ûи˵˾һɽϢԷҹһҹδߡ
ڶ峿׵˴϶ңĳˣһһͷããѩ֮Уܿʧ
ĬĬĿ׵ıӰҲѩС
һСϣС˲࣬ûɨѩããһƬ
ڽϣоԼڵĺԽԽء
ͻȻһɫȻ԰ףһ˲䣬ڣһ޷ݵľʹӿϻ꺣
ۣ
һѪ޵ɺ죬½󣬿ȥĿġ
ֲ֧סĵ˵ϡ
ܶ˿һĻŮ˾УҲ˴ҴԶ롣
սʱÿ˶ʮ־裬ǻΪ˵ɱˡ
ϸȥȴƺԼĪͻȻѪġ
ôˡ
˭֪˷ˡ
ϵߣӦòͨˣĸ֯ˣ˵ɱ֡
Ͽ϶Źأ뱻˴ˡ
˵ţԶԶ˿иŮ˲̣ҪȴҲɷˡ
ڱҵģҪǣһǾɳ͢ˣǾ
ԶԶıܿǶһ
鴤޷ݵľʹʹ꣬ݽʹܡ
оԼڷţھѪܣֱ˺ѿ
ʹһʱµѩأѾѪȾ죬ɫԱ
磬㡭û°ɡ
ʹʹȥʱͻȻһԼ
۾ֻһȫСһ˫۾Լϱһõңϣһ֪պȻһ
磬ȵˮҲܺõ㡣СŮĵݳˮҲûгԵˣֻܸȵˮ
СŮʮֿ캮ضõģССֶͨ졣
˲ǵѪ΢΢ҡͷˡ
ҵǰСŮǸ¶ĸѾս˰ɡ
û˸ĸֻĴ򣬿սԼԲʲôʩӡ
ˣֻܶ
뵽Щѹ֡
˵ļ࣬޴ڡ
Щ߿Ҳ΢ڵϣȴ顣
кһСϧﲻʲô¸һͷͭǮ
ѹʱͻȻע⵽СĲϣϵһϸϸĺ˿ߡ
˿ߣ֮ǰɽģͯϵĺ˿һģһ
֪һɨ֣Сڲ֮£һͭƣͭϿŻģͼͯһģһ
жȻ׺Ͳµ̸˵ǣ˵ˣǱҵСǵĻȥˣǿ϶ᱻ֡
С
ѵǰСŮҪҵСô
ɳ͢Ź£ԭʳӣڣܾ˼
ҲΪ˾䣬ССͬˡ
ĬһǣСŮ֡
СŮûзǣš
֪ӿ˷ԲķΧ
׵ҵ׵ˣһ۵С֮Уһ߳Էһ߸ϰ̸ʲô
תͷСŮߺòãҴȥ硣
ĻСȻһһĿм־衣
Ŀ⣬ƺ̺һݵģޱеĸоģ˵ͷ
СŮ˹£Ǹ۵Сꡣ
С߰ʮԶһСϡ
ߵò죬ǲ֪ôģ·ֻһʱѡ
һСŮСʱ
һ˶һ£Ƿ׷׾裬ס˸Եı
ϰۼֿ죬ֱӰѵŸˡ
㡭ô
׿оɲ
һλ˵ɺϣǵڶΣ;ˡ
С꣬ʵǵһܾݵ㣬ϰ壬ԭʹͳ죬ԻʵĹ
ʱ׵ˣע⵽еĺӡ
ͻȻôıСŮȻЩ£ĻСЩ԰ס
ײʶСŮͯȴʶ
㶣ڳԵĽһ䣬ƿô
СŮͯȻסˣ˺þ֮ˮۿת磡㣡
СŮǵã˵ҪҸ磬û뵽ҵˡ
ǰǿ˵û뵽գټ
СŮСŮܹȥ籧һ
׿һĻɵˡ
˸ˣֱһ
ô£
ôС
ɺϣǰˣרűСҹġ
ô֪Сô֪ССŮ
ҵСô֪ǵܾݵ㣿
һУ̫˼ˣ
׿һֱŽע⵽¶°ͣ˫֡
䲢ҲǶʮӣ䣬ܲʲôְɣ
ʱͻȻҵĿסߵ½ǣԸƲסҪѷοһ
ģָѪһһƵģȳģĿģ
ߵ˶һۣһڿˮѪȳӡ
ô˶Ѿ˰
ʱͻȻ΢΢һڸղһɲǣоɱ
ĸ֪ӿֻһȺŰ¶ĽͣԼٶȽӽ
֮ŵɢ룬Ыߣ
Щ½͵Ŀ꣬ڵС꣡


1937 ŵ
㡭û°ɡһ߰ˣָѪľ
Ѫˣô
硣
СŮкᣬԼȴ˵ôء
ȥˮ׼һЩëλ̨Ϣһ¡׶һһŮ˵
ĸо˵̫أβˡ
ϣȻСѾҵˣʲôʱ̣ȥˮ˿ʵڵйڣʵ̫Σˡ
ҹҹ̡
ˡ
һۣоЩ֡
ݲ˵ôأڿĻʱòȻƫƫ۵ĻߵĿԾ͸ˡ
һɣܼܲסͿ컯ˡ
̾һ˵ȻƺЩ֮˳ӣԳǧ;
Ȼô˵ϾҵСĶˣܲܶܡ
ߣҲҪǲʲôУΪʲôҪǣôġ
ˮˣûнë˫ַס裬һѪ³趼ɺһƬ
ڳ˶һۣһڿˮ֪˵ʲôˣôѪϵѪһ¸ɾˡ
ʱɫԽԽ԰ףµЩѪʵľԪ
Ѫ˥ǿޱȣѪ˥
һѪ˥ԷĲѪ䡣
Ȼ֮΢ֳܲסǿѪǣϵѪԽѪԽ˥
ǿҲڣĺľԪ
ţ֮ţ֪Լ׻ܻã
ЦһʱͻȻ䣬һӵĽŲ
ҵɱ˷֮У׵ˣʱɫ䡣
ˣ

һȺˣ׷׳ɫҰס
ǵס̩㽫ССӴԺһỤͻΧƴǣ
ϡǸ̩꼱ˡ
찡״󺰡
ȻʱͻȻһвŮ𣬡˭߲ˣۼɣ
꣡꣡
ľűֱҿһȺɫɫĳֽӳСӣС˷İΧ
³͢İ
һ֧ľӢӣͼĳԱ׽ϵΪĳԱΪ
ӵĴӳͳ죬۷ͺڡ
ǰͷĿǰĴͳ죬ɫĽۣ룬³̫ܹ͢ܡ
̫ԣڷУǵΪ׾̫ܹܣǺ۷Ϊ
⼸ļˣϵߣҪһ̵ŲܳҲĲࡣ
۷ߣ׼ֱţʵ۷ʱҲǰֻ̤żѡ
̫ܹܵ˲䣬֪ȥЩ˶ˡ
ûܻ
һСӣû뵽ͳ쵹ǰҵæҪллˡ
̫ͷ˵ǳ֮ɫ
ʱע⵽ͻȻ֣׵˶ٴУСҲŵɪɪⶼԤ֮С
ǷлһߵĹŹ꣬ʱȻڿѪˮˡ
һĻü˲֪ٳ̫ͷ춼һ£ô˸첡ˣִǹƴİ
˶Էĵ٩׺޵ҧݣԼûܾ»Ӻ͹ƽ˻ӡ
̫Цſף¶һоеЦݣ׶ͳ㻹ԽʶʱΪܣɳȥǿͶʣĶ檳Ⱥꡣ
ȥױһͻȻѣֳֳ׽һ̫ͷն
̫ͷ¶м֮ɫָһָоԵţֻҪһָܽ׻ɱ
ȻҪɱ׵һ˲䣬ͻȻһ彩Ӳ
ȥһߵ˫ֳ裬ڴڵĿѪƺѾǲһ̾Ҫȥ
Ȼ̫Ҫֵһ˲䣬Ǹ˫ֳ꣬ͻȻתͷĵĿԼһۡ
ƺΪȵ޹⣬Ǿһһ·˲䶴̫ͳࡣ
ʶȫɲǼϣ޷ݵʹֱֱѪ
ۣ
һ̫ͷʺʵϣһҲֻڽ֮˵ϣ̳һˡ
̫ͷȫͣԻֱֱĿǰǿףǿ
ʱѾͷתȥѪ

˶ˣܶ˻Ӧô£ǿ̫ͷһֻԼĲӣһָֻԼ²⵽ô
̫ſ죬Ŭ˵ʲôȴܿڣôȥ
һʱ䣬ȫѻȸڶ鶼Ťˣǵ̫ͳ죬Ϊ۷壬ܶų߶Ƕ֣ǽ죬ȴУ
һˣȫˣⳡת̫죬ǸӦ
׵Ȼ֪ղɱ̫࣬ԼǮϵûУ
⡭⵽ǡ
׿һڿˮ˵ʲôݣ
סˣͳ˲䱩Уǽάȣ
ǾôҲܣҪǱ֪Ǳһķ첡˾ˣǻȥҲѴ̡
ĵҪ͵Ϯ
Ǹоһشľ֣ȻԪ޶࣬ղųһξԲôɣ˵Ѿ͸֧
ֻҪɱˣشǾӮˡ
͵Ϯˣ۷壬һڣǰеľ֣Ǿ׼䰵һ˲䣬Ȼһ𣬶ɫͣǱȥ˼һߣ̱ڵأϢȫޣֱˡ
һΣתͷûתͷɶ裬£ƺΪʹࡣ
һΣȫˣš

ļӳͻȻ˵Ѿ˵ղҲֵĻڣѾʬ壡
ˣܸ߲㻹в㣬оħ
ûһ£ֱɱĴ֣ôֵģƺֻһͷͽɱˣ
ִֶüʯͷݣ
ϰٵİ糱ˮһȥûǡ
оԼѾЩˣ꺣ʹ㱣޷þʵ
ľʹֳһӵʱ䣬ˣѪëĲ˲졭
ȫˮʪ͸ǰѪȾ죬ɫ԰ֽģ˺ܻš
Ѫӣ׵˶ĵģʱȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰѪѪĹУһͷɱ˰ͬӳĸɶɱò̸֪ɫ
Ѱ˺꾹ȻѪһֱµڡ


1938 ޻
ôѪϵѪ¹ˡ
ǸˣƺºܶӣֻһֽͣѪٶȣѾ˲ĵزˡ
ȷ°ͺ˫֣ԷΪӣʵȴǿ󵽲˼飬㴫˵е֣Ҳһɣ
û°ɡ
죬ǿ˵仰
ףѾѪˣⲢΪָˣΪղųʱģ˼£ѾûмѪˡ
ȫ˵˶ģ
˵ţһݡ
ˣСӣҲд
ӻ֣
ǴϢǡͬУ
׿ЩݣȻϣܸͬС
ˣǸһˣʲô״ܹˣⶼ⡣
һףֿһһСӺССϹк͵ĵĿ⣬ĵ˵ͷ
ҪϢһ°ɣһΣ
׵뷨ȻԽ綯ԽãûʱϢ
ҡҡͷϢҲãھ߰ɡ
ǡðɡ
һʰϸαװ̶ӣʼĮ
֪ǲԭ򣬶һֱ˼û׷ɱֻɽּĶ֣׵˱ˡ
һ·Сһ춼޾ɣϾһСӣڵӪѾǳˣͻȻ;Բ
ۣڵϣ˯š
Сӣһ㣬ǱĮĺ紵ţСҲʮֲ԰ס
·ʱϢʱСӺСߣݳһƤˮ
磬ǡ
СŮϤһ㣬۾ʵ
ѩˮúȵġ
ЦЦСһϲĽӹһڣһڵĺš
ǶǹĺӣȹϵȵѩˮǵѩˮζԲͬ
ûжζģԶʹеκ֭һȥǾκģһ㡣
СӶֻһ㣬ɫ˵˯ȥˡ
һУ׶
ǡ
һбСеƤˮˮһҺ壬ɢ㣬Ƣ
ǡ䱦ҩ
лͷƺֻһҩ裬Ƥմһ£̰ҩ˳һˮˮͱ˱ҩҩļֵǡ
׸о޷ȥˡ
ʱָָˮ˵Ҳȵɡ
ҡЩⲻȥƴǵѾˡҲ˷ѡ
кܶࡣ赭д˵ţ̲סùˮһڣһʱ䣬·һӿ뵤ȫůڡ
֮ǰƣһɨգĳ˶ĵʼָоǰһģһϲӣţ
սܹش̫ˡ
ΪˣҲһЩҽЩҽ˵κˣԼҲԼоҲˡ
û뵽˸һˮֻҩմһ£ҲֻһڣȻЧ̫˼ˣ
ˣ޷ҩȫȥʲôЧˡ
ĬĬĽҩãݸףɣˮκڻ۵ˣʮҲΪСӵ壬¸мǲҪֱӳ£ᱬҲҪκ֪öҩȻɱ֮
ֻѡ൤ҩУֵϵͣҩº͵һ
׿ҩˣ񺣻߶ᶯĵҩɣ
ƴǵ̫ˣҲҪҶˣҲҪҩ̲ġ
׺ܲ⣬˼ȻôõҩôԼԡ
̾һҡͷٱǧҩҲûãȥɡ
Щ£ҩٱЧ
Ӧָһöҩ׵ֽ䣬ȫû׶֣ȵͼֽ䣬Ծͨռ䷨ԣͬ衣
׿㶵˵ĲµԼ޼۵ĵҩԣҲʲô
̲סʵΪʩࣿû´Ӧһ˰ɣֻѵڶУǸ⡭ô׵飿
һ·ϣһȺˮٻһֻֻİ׸е⣬ΪС˰ǵָǵҩһ·С
ⲻ˼顣
ĵһ̾˵ѭѡ
ԭ˵ֻأȻһ֣棬Ȼȴͬ
Ϊ˽ӡͬ켣Ҳܵ׵ļӰ졣
£Ҳڵȫͬˡ
ȻʷûľǷˡ
ףһվˣһǳ׵׵ķˣȫ֮ȴиӵ
ʼ̤֮·һ̣ˡ
죬ײǸֻأȴ
ЩȻͣ׿ԸҲֻա
˳ĬãͻȻףʵѾΪʲôھɳ͢Ӧ֪һ͢ѾʱҪɽǶѵ顣
Ϊ׸еԹ棬һ𣬾ͺؽģٽȨһʮ꣬ҲǹӲдѡ
׵ǰ;ΪãϹѣҲܿûκν
ĬȻգǵ֮Уһ˿㯣ƺ˹ȥӡ
ģ˵ȻʣΪ
ұ죬һٶǰҼùǻԭҿԸӶȨǻ֮س󸻴󡣡
ҿνٵ־ҲΪˣһ¡Ҵû뵽Ϊԭ΢С£ҵ켣ȴ췭ظתҵ۷壬˵͹ȡ
ұˣĿ֮µĹƽһսҵĶ֣Сöࡣ
ҵŮ뿪ңңұʱҲòô
һս֮ұˣȻûüκãҾͱˣ峤ҶϾϵҲ죬ӸǽҿΨӰĴҵ
һˣ뿪ʶʼˡ
ҵǰ;һƬҰҿ͸̬ҲġٵңıߣҾҲ־ͻ쾳õҵ˿֪Ǵˡ
Ҫ֤Լ壬ˣƾԼȥɱ
빦ͣٹü֪ңǶô޴
˵ЩʱЩ޷ƽһƣһһڵĺš
Щ£ٸ
֮ļʮ꣬Ҳ֪˶ټҾů˼̬ҵ򣬵Ӷɱ֣սʿ뿪˼ıӻ֧֣һ䣬ҸĲԴ
ΪԴҲ֪ٴγȥȡҪһɳ죬ȻҺãʵ̫пˡٵңʵǿȥԵˣǿģ̫̫ࡣ
־òҶݣ߼
ҼڲȡԵɱشȻûоõҩ壬ڵˣʼۻ
ǣ˵ԽԽأҲԽԽҵͻϣԽԽã
ٺżȻ֪꣬ҵĶ֣ѾߵһҲĸ߶ȣĴգˡ
ң˵쾳Ǻ쾳Ҷѳˣر𣡡
ãʵȴ̫пᣬ֪ٵң̫ˣıߣΪԼһɾͣΪԼٹݺݵĴЩ֮˵ʵϣû
ҺŶһˣ̫̫ˣ˶ΪԼڲͬ˶ɾһҵǡվǷˡ
վҪ˵İţΪҲˡ
ЩȻĥѣЩĥѣҲĥƽҵǣҵԸ̫̫ı仯
ҿʼѧѧѧʵѧж
֮ھɳΪѹʵȻʣȹҵشʱûзңǰøңǻؽΪˣȻûκá
ԡ¾ɳѾҲҪΪսұôΪ˾ɳٶٻֻΪʱһİ
˵Ѿݺᣬˡ
ڴڵĺžƣֽƵݸ
илҲźڣʼơ
ȵľƣӵƤڴԵĺ磬ĴĮ
ʶɱ켣ȻȫͬľȴƵˡ
һĻ档
ڤڤУƺһĪѭףȫͬˣϵһ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴв֪ʲôζվӭų磬ĬȻ
۷ˣǸ߸ϵ񣬶ԼĿᡣ
׵ͬǴ䣬ľλ߿΢ľȴǹغĴ¡
УȻв
ˣǿС֣֮Ȼۿԣȴû
ĥʱеʹ࣬Լ١
Լǵȼ۵ġ
ĳ˵ҲǷˡ
׾䣬Լպ𣬲Ϊ֮Ŭ󡭡ʧˡ
ȻʧܣȴҲԼˣתԼҵµΪ֮ս
ôԼأ
ٻֻİ
ĬĬľ׽仰еľƣһ
ڵȵ׸ӾΪȻʧȥһУϾ壬ȥƴ
ԼҪûˡ
ƴ޴ƴ
ҲҪһİ
תˣֻ޻ڡ
Ϊɥɥܡ


1939 ɢ
͵Ŀĵ֮뿪ˡ
ڴ֮У۵ķˣȴΪڤڤвԤ֪γ֣Σ͹ȡ
ģѾˣΪ׶ת䡣
⼸꣬߹ģģģ򵽵ģһеһУԺӡıľ
תˣֻ޻ڡ
ûȥˣ⣬ԼֻʮĹ⾰ˡ
Ϣȥ
ҪԼƴһѣ

һգһ˵Ļɽ
ָǹһָ
źһ죬ɽ֮ϣһɽ
ڿʼչؿޡ
Ҳ޳ɵĿܣãΪ㣬㾡ȫȥԡ
Ҫô뿪ƬɽȥһطŶ
ȥĸһ棬ʹ˳ߡ
ɽ֮Уڷסɽбչء
̤·˾ġ
·ҲģΨһİ취
ĴۣȴΪʹʵǰδе͵㣬ͬʱҲʣ
ʮֻʣһʮ꣬ңһ·
Ҫƴһ
һ˿˿֮ϲΪ֮΢Ѿܵ洢ӴЩڣҲ˸
ǣһһģЩȫɢȴ
ÿһΣܵǧ֮һЩ뾭ӿȥҲǡɢ
Ϊ΢꣬޷ڵΪʶԽΪһֱܹصĶΪֹ
һľɢͶо޴˺ο֮Ѿв
ȫëףڱԴɢüͷ壬ǿҵʹУͬˮһӿ
¶Ŀ⣬̺һ޷ݵľǿͲ˵İţ
ԴɢǣľԪ
Ȼ΢֮Ϩ𣬵ǿ󣬾Ѫһǣȫëףʼɢһ˿˿Ѫ
ЩѪӿ֮ڣܣγһѪ
ͬʱľ磬Ҳڲϵĵš
䣬ٵ񺣡ɡ
־ĵٶȣĿģ
ûĸߣɢֱɱ죡
̫ǿˣѪţ岻ϵѪڴëɢѪ뵲
ЩѪȾĵ棬ȾʯڣȾɽĶ
ܿ죬չصɽͨһƬˡ
Ѫڶѻһһ㣬ɫ԰˼£ҧڼ֡
Ҫһɢ꣬Լƶ
ʱΪѾѾȫŤݶҧ顣
ʱͻȻȻһ𣬿ʼѿ
û磬ӵеǵ
߲ſʼ٣ʥ绯һС棬䣬ȴ»ɵֻǳ׵鿪
Ǽ˶Ĵ˫ַڵϣָǶʯ֮С
ʼŻθҪŻˣڵѪˣ˵ʹֻ࣬ҧܣ߶һ
Уһɲĺݾ
ʱһοˡ
ǾǣΪʱ꺣еʣڿʼںˡ
Ҳ˵ΪֹΪıԴѾȫ
һˡ
꣬Ϊһľһ
ֻǡһ㲻ͬˡ
ߵ֮֮ȻСܳɳ֮֮ǱӲİ˴󲿷֣ͬڳĺˡ
ԪҲʣ²ʮ꣬Ҳĺ졣
Ȼڵᣬֻ˫ĿʼǣʵΪǿڳš
֮Ѫ֮ѪڣѾױһнľģ
һˣҪʣĶʮУΪʥľ磬ж
֪ǣȥƴ
ΪܲᾡľȥһϢһ̶и
ֹٴ־һֻ˻ķɶꡣ
˵ʥ˵Լ˵ֻһֻСķɶ꣬ҲԥĳŻУȥ֮һϣɻ˵Ļᡣ
ǣԴûң֮ض
֪Լ·жãٿϣת
ǵ


1940 
û߹ȥ֮·
꣬ڵʱʥħ½ħعɱ޻ٽȥĴۺԴ֮ͻɡ
ڵʱĻ£Ѿõˡ
Ƕڵԣȴûκ塣
ȥеĹڼֵǺܴˡ
Ψһܼϣģǡʥ䡷͡顷
çսƵĻ˵һߵ۷壬ô¾ǡʥ䡷͡顷ںϣԼߵͳһ
ԴѾưܣѾûκ塣
Ψһܵĳ·ڡʥ䡷͡顷֮УѰôһ˿ת
ֻʣ¶ʮʱˡ
ոһգ긴һꡣ
£ʮȥˡ
ʯ֮һ
ΪҲһֱͣûͻɡ
Ϊʮ궼ûȥ
꣬˼̬ľȥʥ䡷͡顷
ġ顷ʾȻ
ȥĶ޶ڲַ޶ʮ
ʵѾǼε򣬲˵һ߲ͷ½ˣܣһҲֻܽһַ޵£ԵӴʮ
ڣ顷ѾЩˡ
һ֣ȫ
бĶ
Щ䣬ֻأϲЩһ֡
ڣ޳Ѿ˸⡣
Щ⣬ںϵ顷֮Уá顷һЩǰûеĶ
Ҫ֪·˴졶顷ʮʱ䣬һһһһ񣬡顷νҪҪԼĸ롶顷ںϣ̸ף
ȴ󵨵һУ֪ĲǶԵĻǴģȷЩʺԼġ
顷֮󣬱ǡʥ䡷
ԣڡʥ䡷ʵҪ
Ϊġʥ䡷ʾЩ꣬⣬̫ˡ
һֱƷζƷζԼģҲƷζ˵ģѵĺ̯ͯĴıձʵܵףԼĿ꣬ϧһдȥ׷Ľơ
̬ٶʥ䡷̬Ѿȫͬ
õġʥ䡷ʵزȱ
ûпʥ䡷֮ƪʱʥɫҳĸƱֻ֮ƪݣһֻǸƱмصĶƫġ
ڼءʥ䡷֮ƪĺڻУûһۡ
ʥ䡷֮ƪ£ʥ䡷һܵ񣬱Ͼֻɳ˲ʱ䡣
ˡ
ȻĶġʥ䡷֮ƪǰ̶ȫ棬ֻʺԼĶѾ㹻ˡ
ԼľдԼġʥ䡷֮ƪ
Ϊڣھ
ĿԼ֮ս˥΢ܵһٵϢĽŲ
ûκڸˣ
ʵǡʥ䡷ˣҲûȫ͸֮ȱʧ
٣ʥ䡷߲ûʵ
ҲΪʥ䡷ûľ֮ս˥΢ľûоľ
֪
ɽоȥˡ
֮ѾвƺʱϨȻȴ·ʯһ㣬ûκθĲ
ģ˼¡
µļž֮£ĬĬĸʥ䡷֮ƪ
Ҫ͸
̫Ҫ
ţǣ۾۵۾֮һƬʧ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ϊ˥꣬Ѿ޷ȥԼˡ
СȣѾܶˡ
ĬȻһֱڵϣڣСѾоˡ
ӡ
ǸоԼڱʯ
С֮Ǵȣ
ͬһܣʱȫȥҲߵͷ
ȴᱣʮ겻
ģؿѾȫûиоֱ۵Ķٶˡ
ȻѪҺѭȫĿơ
ǰδеٽ
δԼ֮ƪУҵ
һУ̫ˣ
ʵµĸĴ䣬˼̬͸Լ
ȻҪھ֮£ҵ죡
뿴͸̸ף
ɺޡٸҰʱҶħ
ģݽϡ
ܶħȻ֮ȼ٣ܹס꺣ݽߵٶȼ
оԼʱѾ޶ˣôȥ޷ҵתһе
ȻɲԸԼʣһ˿עѾ磬ħƮȥ
Ѿ֧飬Ŀ棬ħ֮УƬգѾһƬĴ˴Ŀĵľ޴ռѺۡ
һ˿΢Ļ𣬴еһռѺɳħ⼸Ļ
һ˿עһиעֻصȫ⡣
Ķʮĳɹ
΢ĻƮħ֮Уٿһ£ʧˡ
ͬһϸ˺ûκεĸı䡣
ħѵлתţܶʼ
ĬĬĵȴڵȴ漣
ֹˮѾоһ˿ԽԽ΢ȴûħʱҲʼյ򾲡
̾ʧܣ⣬
Լȥֻصһ֡
˥΢ձʥͻҲʹȻʷУûĸԶԻ͡
ʱ侲ţģǰδе
ڻ
һ̶һټʮ꣬Ի͹߳ƣȺۣʥգĽô
һ˲䣬ͻȻһ졣
ʮ΢ȴƺĹѾݽߵĻ꺣Ϊ֮
ǰδе
֮Уħһ£
һ˿ʮ΢漴еһů͵ĻϵԼĻ꺣ħϵˣ
ȻĻԶԶԿħھɵʱһϵ𣺡Υˡ
ǡ
΢΢һ
꣬·ڤӱȡ
֮Уҵ֮
Ϊ꣬ѾģԪ޶࣬ӡħ֮У˯ϣպлᣬܹΪ꣬˵ָ״ָ̬ܹꡣ
ɱ֮УΪٶһֱħг˯û뵽գˡ


1941 ٿħ
ǰ
ʱͻȻв֪ʲôζ죬ڶ̶̼ʮʱ䣬ȴ
ʮȻ˺ܶˣߣİ˵ȥǣָоվͬ
ʵ͹ȣѵʱҪ֧
ʱ˾л
޹ħܱѣԭǰˡ
ԭ޷ħĻעħ֮УֲԼ΢Ļ
֮ǰֻʣ壬ҼΪЩ屻ӡħ֮УѾָһ㡣ָˮƽѾǲˡ
ħĴɳʶ
ԭʶУѾݽ˵Ļ۵ħ֮УţԻһ˿
ʱʮʱ䣬״οħļ¶־ΥĸоĿᣬпǧ
лǰ
Ե˵ʱħһһĽڡ
ֿħ֮УǲǺһƬʱ꣬ЩƬڻתš
һĻΣ̫Ϥˡ
ȻƿĿʱͻȻһ𣬲˼ĿƬĵ㡣
ԭƬƵģһö̫һĹеƬΧŹת
öĽܷѩꡣ
꣬Ľܷѩȼ֮ͳ˯ħ֮УǺĽܷѩѣħеöѾʧˡ
еƬʼΧһ޵ĵת
ǽ죬ԭÿһĵϣһ֮
һ֮𣬴һϢ
ֻжСâҲǿңǶԱΧƬȴоһ֮·ҹе飬ɢĹԡ
ǡ
ȷö֮ǺųֵģϢԼҲ𣬸ΧƬűʵĲͬ
סֻ֮аȼգ֮룬һ΢΢Ķһöӡ
Ļϵöӵʱһˮ齻ڵĸо
һöӣ걾ͬԴ
ֻǣ꣬ӸͣԻӴԼƺůĺ֮Уܵε
һݵʸоʵĸоʶ
ڶʮǰʧԼǵĶħ֮ʥϵʱҲָо
ȻԸĻ䣬òϣָоʮǲϵĻ䣬ھϵ
ʱʥĽϣģʵǾĽϣĽϣֻռһС֡
ȻǸʱΪ¶ħ֮ѾȫģǾĸоȴޱȵڼա
ٿħеöصӣȻʥ
Ϣݵĸо
ʥµģ
ǡʥµıԴ
зʥȻħһƱԴ
ԴӹɣÿʧһЩᵼߵ֮˥һЩ
ʥƱԴȻ٣ƱӰ
Լ֪ʥĴã֮䣬Լ֪ܣͲԼһȥĻˡ
£ʥԼĵ˱Դʲô
ıԴħ֮Уħô
⣬ʥħȻûнħȡߣ
ҲûаɡҡͷħǳԽʱ򣬺׸ܵʱܵѼѣǸŮµıԴӦǱħˡ
ԼĲ²⣬΢΢ͷʱʥҲǶħ֮Ĺʵ̶ģܵħѡ
ңܵħĴڣҲȡߵģΪҪŻۣۣܿܶʥ
ϸ룬ҲʥΪϢһƱԴѡԼϵķʽ֮ꡣ
ȡҾųɾŵıԴȴԼһƱԴҡʥһпνǷѾ˼
Ҫʲô
ԭΪʥԼϣԪԼΪΣĻ㺡
ڿʵδ˵ġ
ҲԼε⡣
ʵһ˿ԴǿҲָܻԭ״̬ʮ֮һĶָձ˵ıԴһ׵顣
ԥ֣һ˿Դָⴥһɲǣһ˿ԴͣиܵһЩӵļ䡣
ʥļ䡪ʥ䡷֮ƪ
ʥԡʥ䡷֮ƪһЩ˱Դ֮УԼ
һʱ䣬
ʥ䡷֮ƪΪ£ʥû֮ƪķ
ƴԼܣƾԼ£ĸϣܹдԼġʥ䡷֮ƪȻһУ̸ף
Ȼȡ˰˵ĳɼȴԶԶ
Ͼʱֻжʮꡣ
Ҳá
ǣʥ֮еġʥ䡷֮ƪǾȫͬˡ
ʥǡ
ԺлԼʥ֮ѹʱΪмȾͲʵĺ⣬ʥ˵һЩ񶾵Ļ
ʱʥı鼫ΪӣĿ̺żȵķŭί
ǽһ̣ĿɭȻҲĮˡ
ԺлصЩӿһĪζ
ʥ˴¡ʥ䡷֮ƪΪԼȥô
ܸܵʥµġʥ䡷֮ƪʵȱ̫ˡ
۸ʥĺͲ
ʥϰֻ֮ȡ˺ٵһ־鴫ڸϾʥҲҪԼԼ֮·ҪߣʧһƻѾǼޡ
ҿܣʥıԴʧٶһ㣬۾ͻᷢ쳣ʱʶһ飬ʥһУǰˡ
ʥֻٵһ㾭ƾȥת
Ѷ֮죡
£ܳɹڣȴпˡ
ΪЩĸѾľ˳׵ɱ䡣
ʥ䡷֮ƪȱĲ֣Լʺ֮
ʥµⲽ壬Լûб̫ϣɡ
૵пЦ
ʥԼ˽ǳ̣ΪĿԼδ漣ԲԼھתʶһϣΪã塣
ô࣬Ĳ²⣬ʥ֮䣬ǲϣޡ
ʥδĶԼʲô㺣ֻҪһѡ
һţδܹɾһԿ۵ѣ
ʶЩĸе۵Ŀ¡
һʥ˼ɵˣıʲô


1942 ָԴ
ǰһ֮
˵޷߶ħҪ
ħлûһʵӰ˵á
˵ıԴɣħһУͺܼˡ
ʥµıԴԼĻ꺣֮Уģûиܵʥκηɡ
ôĻ꺣֮У·꺣һ֡
һ㣬аζӣʥµʶʹȻΪʥںΪһƺڣĻ꺣ʥĻ꺣ѾһĪϵ
һʱ䣬ˮһļϮ̺ʥԡʥ䡷֮ƪľ
Щһһںϡ
ģͽԡħ֮Уħ֮£
꣬ѾȫݽߵıԵΪħȴһֱ
״̬
ԡħ֮Уʱ䣬һС
һһ꣬ħУ겨ԽԽԽԽٽħҲ޷ˡ
ģͷʼɿݣݣɫʧȥ۾ѾǻˣǱ˻Һɫȫʧȥɫʡ
ڣѾٽ㣬˫ĿʧϢޣ·һ̣Ҫȥ
ǰδеıʱ̣ԡʥ䡷֮ƪ⣬Ҳﵽ۷塣
Ĺ̳һµʱ䣬һҹѾ΢֮ڽϨ࣬Ҳֹͣ
һ̣һֹˣҲᵽ
ʵʥԴһ̿ʼҲעѾת
˥΢֮ưܵѾָܻͬһľʧȥ
ʵǿľҲܷ괺
ǿľ괺Ȼܳ۵֦ѿȻ۵֦ѿҲֻÿľһЩ⣬ԶһС磬ɲ
ͻ꺣Υ飬һĺ˷ϻͯһ㲻ܡ
ǣȴһǾǡ
ľ֦ѿܹȡӪǾͿĳһò
ƶ
ͬʱܽʥ䡷֮ƪ֮ƪ򵽼£ʵ͵ˡʥ䡷ĵת
תĹ̡
̺İ壬޷͸ôת޷ɣתߣҷ
ڵ̤˴תĵһת
һתԭܼ򵥣ȻȫưܵһУɱǾͲˡ
һֱڳţĻ꺣ҲûѾѺۣĿꡣ
Ĺ̳յʱ䡣
ʼ˸ࡣ
Ƥ⿪ʼ壬Ѫήܻ
ԭǣѪ֮Ѫǿȥʮ꣬Ҳḯࡣ
ڣڸ࣬Ҹٶȿ쵽ۿɼĵز·ǽĸѹ˶̶̼ӵʱ
ᷢһУΪ֮еѪ⾫ˣǻ۵ħ֮С
ŵһɶʣµʧȥ已̥õٶȵȻ졣
ĸǸɿݵĻ꺣ѾѿҲױһʱ䣬ܵԱߣķľԪԪʯ̥ԼȪ̥
Ѿˣ߷ĿƣıԴȫήʱѾû㹻ľȥָˡ
֮⣬һöͨ岼ƵĺɫöţһһУ̺ǿҵƺ
öˡ
ǡ
ĸоѪ⾫ʼ۵ʱö̺ƺҲ۵һеС֮ˣ
ȥ̽飬ʱѾȫήѪ⾫Ѿȫ۵ħ֮С
Ѫ⾫һ곤Ҷӵа֮ӰҲķħ
ֵӰӰӰսӰһһķħ
ͬʱıήԽԽСǸóͷˡ
ưϿգħƯţо۵ĵطҫ۵â˸ͬںڰɽжһգ֮
һâϵı仯ħռ䣬Ҳ̣γһ룬룬ȴԼԼĿԿһ̥Сڻš
̥ȷĸ׶̥Сֻаƴƺ֮
ת塣
Ŀһеı仯𺳣ƶһδĴת
Ϊ֮ǰѾתʮֵĳףʥ۵ĴתһתҲԶԶˡ
ЧʵѾ߳Լ·ȫʥ䡷֮ƪ֮ƪмԼ⣬⼸ʮֻأȫ뵽ת֮УʺԼת֮·
ҲܳΪʷΨһ
ĬĬ˵ȥһֱΪܹΪ·һĪĳɾͣڣȴһԤУΪƶתп߳ںϵ֮·һδʵǹģ߷壡
ӽѾȫͬˡ


1943 ת
ţ긴һꡣ
û֪ʮֲ۵СɽУڷһӰδɱ䡭
תۼ䣬ʮȥˡ
ɽеһö룬ѾħռƮ˺üڸͨ͸ᱡĿֻŵ̥
̥ͨ͸ͬСϸ壬ϺЦƺĳɳ
ڼ·̥ŵһϸϸѪѪһźɫϡ
ƣع׾
ĵͬʮᱡܹĿڲ龰ͬһСţĳɳ
ֹȥʮʱ䡣
һգɽпʼĻ۾
ΧأתƬأƬԪʼ۵Сɽ۹ȥԶԶĿȥһʵɣǧľ룬ܿ
ʲô
챦
Χ߿һۣ𾪣ϲ
˿µۣļֵ
ܶôϢһʱ䣬ΧﷶΧڣԴԴϵĸ
Ƕһ
ԽԽ࣬ǿߡ
ƽǸСɽʱȴܵӴĿѹǿߣҲܿ
˾ɲͬʱҲӼǿ߶ܲ˵ıж


ʱɽ֮УǰһҪˡʮˡ
Ŀ̣ڼ䣬ħĲٿأɵģģҲС
ǵ·ʲôѿˡ
ʼѵģļӣ·
öӤͷ­Сĺڵ濪ʼһơ
꣡
һ죬һմճҺĺɫСԴҧһ飬СԴ˫Ĵ۾׽˼£ֱӽҧµ鵰̵ˡ
צݲãһһڵģĵȫԵˡ
֮ɫСһҲ¶ı壬ֻаӤСֺģһⶼһ𣬱һָֻСᡣ
ʵһҲһֻһССǡ
Сһһܷɣһ˫۾鶯鶯ģȺĿ˿𣬶űС򣬷˼߸ߣ۾һգգĶǰļ롣
ͨͨ
дһѪ
ÿһβǣΧﷶΧڵԪеСӵ˺嫵Ѫֱ֮ͬһ㣬಻
СʱͻȻǰöɫļ룬ʼѿˡ
еâһ˲ҫޱȣ̫Ŀä
һ̣һֻ߶İۺͯһԾֱ˵ϡ
۵ĺͯתˡ
ԭоڵһڣһ׶壬ǵλѾ磬ͬʱмľа֮ӰӰͬʱ֮Ѫ֮ѪǣСкۼ
֮⣬Ļ꺣Ҳޱ䣬꣬Ѿʼ
Ǵת̳֮ľ;С壬¿ʼ
һԽתߵ츳Խߣﵽľأ
ΨһĲǣΪɺܵͣڣûκξҲǴתԣÿһתԽΪҪ
ڳɹˡ
пʥļ䣬ټԼԼĴת
ʥ䡷󲿷֣֮ת֮ԭǲȱģʥ䡷Ĵ߶ûнɡ
֮תʵǡʥ䡷ҪĲ֡
ڵͬʱӵˡ顷͡ʥ䡷
Ȼ顷ֻҪԵ֮ѾУ·õ顷ĵ
һͳ˰Ψһһͬʱ޳ˡ顷͡ʥ䡷ˣܽںϣǿܻﵽǰ޹˵۷塣
ллǰΪħллǰʮ껤
һݣ֮Ҳͬͯࡣ
Ȱĵ˵ͷԵĸˡ
ʱС໡ĽһĻС
һٶѪټʮһСѾϤĲϤˣǱ˴˵֮Уű˴˵ѪҺ
ںипǧ
䣬ʵѾٶˣٶʱ䣬̫̫ࡣ
ģ򵽵ģѾһ֣ӡڻ꺣֮Уĥ
ô죿ʵڻȻҪصʵҪʱ䡣
ڹȱҲѾʵʵƿҲˣֻҪʱͿĽʵֲҴٽתɵתڰתػ򡣡
㣬Լʮʱ䣬ʥսӦѾһˡ
ۺûıʲôο̫̫óȻһ˷٣ôͱɡ
ǣƾԼӵеľ顢Դ͸Ϣһɱľ磬ſǻ
ڵԣʵѡ
Ҫ޵תתڰת
ĿһۣЩ꣬Ҳ֪һЩڴתϢһԽԽѵĹ
ϸѾȫԣûʲôѵסɣ
޷ת߰˴Σ츳ǻʲôĽ


1944 һһ
С̣꣬˿ȻⱻסˣЩС˵ֲ֦Ҷѿȴ̵ñۣƬأһĸо
УĸŮһḾˣһɽ
ɽϣԪʮŨ꣬ԡУ١
֮䣬ŮḾ˻ĴУֱһɵ֮ǰ
Ḿ˿ȥֻʮ꣬ׯеķ֮ǰϵ
ϣ궼ݷء
֮⣬ĸŮС˵ţǶḾ˵ѾߣҲѧ˹С֮Ů
ƽҲյǰƽ
ЩŮȸǲʮʮ䣬ǰѾǶԣǴ˵ʹˡ
ݷḾˣĸ
ƣ뿪ܴ½֮ǰͽ׵һЩ˴ܴ½ԱΪȸ
֮ȸչԽԽǿΪµԴټ̶ʱ䣬ѾĴйǿʢһˡ
ȥȡһЩɽȪˮ÷˽ೣ
ĺԺһ곤һٶĳĸ£ÿμ룬ɽȪˮࡣ
ɽϵɽȪȸһȪȪˮ𣬺һ÷Ἰ꣬ȪˮݲƣǸܹõĲľơ
ŮɽȪȡˮñ«гɵưˮҨľͰУԱ֤Ȫˮԡ
ʱһŮͻȻ˵ףǿʲô
Ůȥ֮ȪˮϪΣһƯ˹
Ҫ֪ɽȸĽأƽʱ˼޵ļˣ˸ɽôһȪˮƯ
ŮȥʱסˣȻֻһϢϵľݣͱϲ
֮УȻһֻм´Скȫ۵¿ɰ
ͯ޲֣˫Ŀ鶯ƺ̺Զһ㺢ͯǻۡ
ˣˣ
ŮȲȥַˣΪصɽ֮ϣͻȻһһֱͯ˼
ַŮ˵ҲǸеֵĲˣ첽ùֻ
֪Ϊʲôַ˿һ˲䣬ͯѪ·еӤǰһ㡣
һɾΥ˵ĸоӿַ˵ͷ΢ᣬ
񡭡񡭡
ַţеͯϲĲˡ
Сʱ̫ˡӵƤ͸񡭡˫۾ȴһģһ
ַ˽Ӥı˻Υĸͷųܰ
Ӥö࣬ĸףȴ׼ȷϳԼĺٶʱ䣬ַҲļǵСʱӡ
ټӣֵķʽΪ棬Բܵʱͷʽһܵĵط
ַ˼ţӣݷ𣬷ΪֲźרŴġ
Ժͽְɡ
ַ˱ŻеӤ¶Цݡ
ְȻתˣɽУʮʱɴתһת
ħǱħĺٴγ˯죬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ֱ뿪ѹżһȺܴ½ǿ߳ɽ֮УʱɽѾտҲ
ЩͷԣҲֻ϶ǣ챦ͨߣԵõˡ
ʱȴܴ½롪һֽȸ
ѡĵһڸĸ߶ȹ
ڵԣȱޱʵһԴѾûˡ
ҪһݸԼ޳ģʺ˵Ĵת
Ҫ֪꡶ʥ䡷ߣٻʱ䣬ơʥ䡷
ȻСʥ䡷µľ뾫ҪԼĶҲһ¡
ҪʱһС
֮ǰ㲻꣬ʱ̫ˡ
ַ˽ָʱԭŷָҲòϣӣ͸ǵġ
ôɵ顣
Ϸʽ֣ҲʽΪְ
ְĳ֣Ϸûи˵ְֱһ֮Ϸķаǿߣְݼȣʽȷְϼݡ
һʱ䣬ȸַһӵĴŲֶߡ
͸ּңתϢǲŵġ
벻ţЩ˶ӳĽͼʣּǵλȻȸԴּУ˶ּպȻɻڴˡ

ʱţۡ
ְͨĺһɳʱ䣬Ҳ꺢ͯߣò뺢ͯʱųƣҲһ㲻ͬ
תٸ˫ü罣
ֽ⣬ΪԼת֮Ͼ̫УϢĿԷǳСҲò
һԣָɭУͻȻܳһֻ߶೤Сǣʱúܶ˾һ£ֻСǲ֪ʲôƷ֣һֺ󣬾һֱȥˡ
Ժ󶼸СӰˡ
ϼˣҲ֪Сʲôȷûв֮Ҳɵˡ
ӹƽּ򵥣Ȼƽĸ򣬻ļ
żһ˱չؾޣȥĬĬơʥ䡷ƪ¡


1945 һ
Сһˣڸĸߣܸĸ֮ʱԼһˣȥԭ۳ҡ
һͨĺһͯĿ֡
ֿ֡иĸܰİͬһůһ㣬ӵ顣
Ư̫ã̫̫࣬ƣҪȥ嵭һС
꣬ȸԺ
ȸʱж̣ȻԴ˲ŷ棬ȴкܴ㡣
Ϊ˲ţȸȺѡ˲ŵᣬԺԺʽѧУܹģѧӢɸĹɡ
ԺĴſڣһʮɸߵİܣ̵ʮʱӡ
Ժ̶һʮʱ䣬Ѿܴ½ʢѧ
컯ˣСػʥޡħ⣬ԺԺѧԺڲǿڿΡ
ػʥޡħҲżμΣݴħĽΣǿġ
ԴˣһһȺ˽ε龰
Ϊϼţܴ½ĴԸۼͬʱҲԴ½صſܣܽԺΪ١
Ժżǳߣ֮ܶӣѧԵʱ򶼱ˢˡ
ȻǱͽԺģԺĵλ
ݣʵϲ
ϼĵӣȨ˭˵ʲôܴ½˾ģ֪ǿߣΪڱɱ
ּȨ쾭ģɹؼڵְѹּҵӣǱġ
ǿɲΪּаëǮϵΪתֻΪһӤּ˵˶
ҶһƾʲôȨĪ˵ƽˣҵӣҪԺһҪͨˣְֻϷ򸾳ţԴȡã˵Ȼˡ
ְְôӿˣڸڿοǽתؼһÿΣ˿γ̣Ժô
һŮĿŮ˺Զòײҵ
β裬ԺԺߣţţĸոշഺĻ
ʱڲݵϣкһݹľ׽ڻ䡢Լͯʱ⡣
ߣĶһƥСǣСʮְź۾βŮ
һ꣬ʮꡣ
ɣǣĸǵʱҲʮꡣ
һ꣬·֣ʼ˼֮·
Ů΢΢һЦɱĻ˵£ǸʱҲ˰
𻰣Ҽ׽Ǹݹ
Ĳݹ۵ģҧУһ˿˿ĿζҲŵĸǡɬഺ
ŮˬˣСͣβ˦Ǳϲҵģ˳Ҳеģ֮·߲˹ϵԼŬ˭Ҳﲻˡ
ֻʮŮʼ˵
еЦʵԺҲ˶ϲϲģĳЩŮӡ
Ͼת֮òӢϴݵʣһ˫۾䣬ƺ̺һ˿˿ɣζԡ
ŮӻΪ˵ûʵڲһϽѧ
憪°µ˲ݹһԾƺһ˶ʱ棬ȫԼڵĽɫ
ֻӦڵһУܸǶȣȥ
㡭Ůˡ
ʱѾЦ뿪ˡ
ʲôȥ
ϿΣ
ˣŮ˶ţҧȥˡ
ϿˣȴǽҪγ̣Ժѧѧϰ֪ʶĸ޿Ρ
ÿʦϿй̶ӣȴûй̶ʱ䡣
ڿΣܴ½ʷʮǰ漣֮֮գħ۵ĳ֣Ĵ𣬺ƵϮ
ſΣΪεʦرǡ¡
һ»ɫۣԼʮң׿ԽŮӣϽεĸ̨Ÿ̨·ŵѧ
ɱ֮£Ҳȸϼһ𣬺ԺԺν̡
ΪڣȻǿҩӲģû취ѡ˽ʷ
µĿѲȫ֮һڴ֮µϡ
꣬в֪ʲôо
ÿϿΣʶѰ꣬꣬ҲȱĿΡ
ĺ񡭡񣬻ǹ˵ģ·ѪҺϢ
ôôɵ飿
ҡͷֽȡһʷ顭

ģһҰ棬ԺѧҪǰһޱ鲼ԭʼɭΪһ¡
Ƭɭʱ򣬸𿴻ѧʦһˡ
һΣӵúԶԶ
뿪ܴ½ǰʥħ½
ʥħ½ǵһˣڣܶǿѾ֪ܣ½֮䣬½˴
һΣСǣĿĵرħӡ
Сڣȥһط͸˵ˣ㻹ǵô
ͻȻ֣
֮ǰҪôΣҪôոתûɳûСһħӡ
ڣĵһʵѾָ൱һ֣ˡ
ڵΪȻߣʵȴܿΪܴ½ǿߣ
ΪĵѾǵʥ۷弶磬ѾԶԶܴ½ǿߵⷶΧ
ǣСħӣҪи


1946 һ
֪ڤ׷ɱħ뿪ʱѾܲˡ
תۼ䣬һٶȥˣڵأ
Ԫ뿪ʱƺжϵһԪ䣬δܸоɡ
СкܸߵǻۣѾʼĩʱ˿̣ſıϣصĲˡ
һ˫۾ǰޱ޼ʵĺɫԭлԭͷɢſֲϢľ޴ӣ֮У¶һ˿˿ã֮ɫ
ļУƺط·ξеĳ
߰ɡ
˵䣬ͬҵļһɳתۼӹǧľ룬Ǿ޴ӣһԾ¡
ڰٵӹᳵ·ܿħе̫ӹߵĿݹĹħӵ
ģܵһޱȿµϢħ
СЩţԼĴ۾ЩڴЩη塣
һһٶļǸܵһɲçۻ룬д˿˿ůϢ
һͷǳ̫žںڰ֮УСǰͬ΢һС
޴̫źϣžÿһа˺ϱô֣ľͷǾ޴Ŀ˺Ѫ֮Уȫ̶ס
̫źӴĵطմ˺ѪҺ⣬ʮʱ䣬ЩѪҺѾ˺һ㣬ҳֺںɫ˿˴Ŀġ
һͿٿǸеѹܡ
СһĻһ˫۾Ǿ㵺ͱʹ֮ɫˮΣ۾ת
ǰˡ
˵ŵĺ۾һĿһɫĺɢŵâںڰУۡ
ں۾һ˲䣬Сס˺ʱ鼫Ϊӣһ˿˿η壬ҲıʹѪĥ顭
ꡭ˵ǰСĳɳһḶ́ǰСֻʮ䣬ĻֻӤ
ֿòĸıΪĴ󽵣úЩ졣
磬ϲĻУܵµǱ
㡭ƺ
ȷʵ
ͷȴ̾һӺϢиоĺӲˣ֮ʣ޶࣬ע޷ٻظ߳Ƶ۷ʱˡ
ԥһ£ǾԪ飬ߺ
ˣǰ̫棬̫壬ҵ˻Ԫǰ䡭
Ļһ𣬡Ԫˣ
ı飬Ѿ˲ԤУûм˵ȥˣ
һԭԭԼԪľлԪĽ˵˳
󣬾þԡ
ֽǻԪõĽְɣҲǻԪϣġ
аζӣԼĺĬá
ͻȻüģʼ۵â
ħ֮УΧռԪǻ۶
һĻһǰ㡭
ӺϣܵϵľԪѪ⾫üļһ۶ʶʲô˵ǰҪʲô
ʱ򣬴ӺüģһֱԱߵСϣԡСһ𣬾˼
ֻоɹеůڵģ˯ľòԣվסԽԽصƤģ۾һ˯ˡ
ˣԼɸСڣ
д󼱣ԭѾʧⲿ¸ǻ˶ˡ
Ȳɳ㹻ϵʥǿ߲¾
һﲻһֱСѾȫղˣͣ
һ̣СɫĹ⻪֮Уʼ˳˯
һУ·࣬Ҳ޴ǣһЦı飬֪ʲôϣȵԼܹͨʱ򣬽򿪣ҡ
ʵ㲻÷ô˼Ѿϰˡҵ֮УʮѾҵѪⳤһ𣬳һ֣ǣеľԪѪһǿнǳߣҿҲȥ
ǳߣҲĲʳҵҾԪɢ
ھ͸Ԫʱһֻǳʹྲѡ
ҪҲú壬ԪʲôµʲôҲһҿԼѪѾ㹻ˡ
˵ȰĿһ۳С˵չ
һ仰ģΪ仰Ҳ˵
Ʈ׷ɱʮʱҲСħɣչ˺øеĺӣԼ
ھ֮ıܷӦ
ˣǲġ
ˣҪ
˱ȥʱ򣬱ϣµʲô˫۵ʱܹԼһѪ䡭
ǿҵһ֣Ǿǡ롰ĸ
ĸ֮ʵϣʹڵĿ
һ˽֮˽֮İ
ĸ֮رΪŮܺúõĻţǵõĻر
ų˯СŽƣ
ҵֻصһ֡Ůĸĸ֮ߣΧ
Ĭϣÿ꣬ܽСڴħһΣӦˣȻ֪ȴִ
СһӾͳ˯죬С뿪ħӣٴǰܴ½


1947 һģ
Ϣķܴ½صԺİɭֵʱʱȥ˶ʮ죬׽ʱ䡣
һգɭŴ꣬ĵԭʼɭ־Ǵ衣
ãã֮УͷǴϢĻɭȥɻȥȴñࡣ
Ϊɶͷ۵ʱȴ֣ԺѧһƬɭ֣ѾŴʿ
֧ʿ飬ͳһɫսףڴܼԭʼɭ֮Уһֽýж籪һѵصľ
ЩʿϵΪ
Ҫ֪ڵߣСжˣȸֻʿ
֧ʿ飬ɲһĶ飬ȸ׾ţܶԺҵѧҲ׾׾УҲ߳˲ٳǿߡ
֧飬ϼĵϵӣҲϼļ⵶֮һ
ƽʱײãڣЩڴɭչ˵̺ʽںӡѾöˡ
һĻʱЩͷ
Щִˣʵأû뵽ϼ徹Ȼ׾Ϊбɭе޸ҧ˰ɡ
ܶ׾ţҲȻԼĸĸˣ̫ԼİΣԲǲ׾š
ӲͷƤ˳
ӣ
ʿ¶ϲɫһʱ䣬ܶʿ׷Χסˡ
һɫսףɫӴ̤ǰûĿŨü߰˳ߣ
ӣ׾ŵ졣
ּҵŮ
Ѫܴ½ڵ磬츳ǶһˣСԺԺɼãںժùڣּΪ
֮ĸĸӣĶƼ
ӣ̫ˡ
ƽ֮첻֪˵ʲôˣӣ㲻֪Щ죬ϷѾò跹˼ˣʲô⣬֪ԺõİɭжΣգⰵɭֵֶ޷ԸĿޣԺٲˣ
ɸֵ˵
вƽʱֳģǰԸ񣬿ԼĸĸΪΪƤһܽɭֵˡ
ֻõǸ
׾ŻͻȥõϢĸѾվ밵ɭֵ·ڣûվڳ£ţһԵŮΪĸɡ
ưһ㣬ɡϻ죬ĸǰѾڶͷϣ̫żˡ
ȷʵ˵Щĸû˯á
µĸ״ŶˣԽԼĺӣԽ롣
еĸףһᣬȷʵЩżȥˣ̫СֲܣȥһΣû뵽ĸ׾㵣
ܹȥΪĸ׳ɡ
С̫ˡĸֵ˵Ȼֵ֮Уȴǹе顣
СûʲôŰɣ
ҡͷ¾ģһ㸸ĸߵյ㣬Ƕϣꡭ

ⳡ粨ôˣԭΪС¸úܿȥˡ
û뵽ʵˡ
Ϊ£ԺȸʼһЩԡ
˼ǣϷְְ̫ǸİܼӺҰӣͼûκοȡ֮ĵǣӿξǻ
ڰɭֵܣֱӰԭúõˣ
һԺг£ѧԺܣΪ£ÿԺ֯ʱ򣬶Ҫ
ְֻʧ˶ʮ죬ֱϼ׾ңķѾѣСԭԺֹˡ
ֻʮʱ䣬Ժ涨񣬺ɵģþųɾŵӣûõɼ
ԺĵǿҲְʲôֻһ͸ּûκιϵĸӵ˵Ұ֣
츳Ϊͨһ£ǸûκŵС죬С
Ϸ򸾾ȻܽôһС߳ӣǺ裬ΪͽʦڵѰ
ʧϷ򸾵ܵ˲СӰ졣
˽˵Ϸ򸾣ϾûСնѣˣһţƵĶ͵ɿݹˡ
ΪλãҲСյ˼룬Ǹʺϸȸκ飬Ȩȸκξӣ͸Ҹطϡ
ЩۣģĶС
üͷһԭΪ鸸ĸТĸͬʱҲڸĸḸĸֻء
ûһЩ֮٣øĸܷ顣
˵ĵطԭֻһȨƵĻӣ˶ҡ
Լʲô̲˸ĸ꼰
ҲӦÿʵΪĸܷ顣
ѵõȥһԺаʵԺΪ˹ѧܷϣѧԺĺɽһʯÿһѧʯϡ
֮⣬Ժ丮һ࿼ˣÿһ˶м¼ּ¼ıߣҲᱻдаϡ
аÿ춼кܶѧϽѧһʮΡ
δ
һۣһ֣ȴע⣬ˣ˾ͽ¡
֣Ů֣ȴаƵ֣Ϊ˺üѧļ¼һ߼¼
˾ͽ£
һ˾ͽ˾ͽһֵܶ츳ߣѵ
һаǰεѧ˾ͽ˭
ʵѧĿЩˬȴҲش⣬Щ͵˵˾ͽҲû˵ѧɫǸ˾ͽã˾ͽµŮ
ѧĻʵĲ²⣬Ȼû
˾ͽ£ǵţŮӵϼͨڰ츳λһ֮ڡ
׷һ壬Ķսϣ˾ͽ¡
˾ͽŮ֮ȴֳִѪꪣսѽѷ֣ǿŽ֮ܡ
Ȼ˵ʱ˾ͽ´ö꣬һҲ԰
˾ͽ˾ͽµãͬϼ½磬ĿĴսʵûѹ˾ͽǿֱҩµſȡʤⷽ˵ʵ˾ͽ
ڣ˾ͽȻŮˣҿӣϼ˾ͽſ࣬ϼȻǾŴ
Լ˾ͽ壬ƺҲ̫Եˡ


1948 һ壩
Ժѧϰʱڼ
ſ֪ͻܶ˹ķ顣
Ϸ򸾣ӺΪǺۣ֮ңȸĳҰӡ
죬ԭΪǶ飬ƺĻ֣۵ĵ
ˣԼ
лͷᷲĸһЩϾܴ½һеȨ߻ȫ½Ȩ֧ḻԴԼĳ֣ĳЩ˵棬Ҳ֮е顣
ø
ʱ򣬳ҰУվԣӶ෽֣ԽƽϢ
Ȼ˶ܹû֮ǰôĿŵˡ
ˣȸĶС
Сʱֵܣʱ·֮Сܶչˡ
ȸ׽ˣĸ¡С
ССʱ͸游ĸ̣Ȩ˼ʽЩ츳ֵܣϵȽϽԭڳк˸ҿ
ԼʵУһЩֱͣǶڣ˻λСڳл÷ˮвС
Сӣ
СԼۡһȭؿڡ
ٶСѾˣıߣֺżƾǶӣͷȻԼĽֺͷ
òȢ˺ͼʮòС檣С檻вӡ
֮⣬кöѾźţֱӵóɶѣʮӻʮŮ
ִؿڣԴһ̺ܽ󱲵ӣ˫۾Ͳټ֣һЦ۾еòˣһʮļ̡
Ҫ֪꣬СǸƨɺСܣȴĳˣ滹ýһ塱
ȻСùĸĸд󲮺ͲĸеңСŲô࣬ɲ뱻һëͷСӽд硣
СЩְܹ꣬ΪСְܾ̫ˡ
Сѵһٺ뿪˶Ȼ븸ĸȨУһЩʼϿΡ
һգԺڰɭֵֿʼˣΪһʧ٣;ֹͣܶ˸ûõɼ
һǲˡ
ɭʼ󣬺ܶӽ밵ɭ֣ȴԼһˡ
ĿĵڰɭУɱһЩСޡ
ⰵɭΧкܶͼޣеޣ˵ȼɱͬȼޣӦͬķҲʮ֮ڣõ㹻ķͨɼΪ
Ļݲͬıá׿Խļ
ÿ갵ɭֻܼռһ룬õģֻм׿Խųһ
Ūúԣĸֲ̫ס
ʱɭһХ
͸֣һŮһͷ۶ɱ
۶󸣬ǰɭһޣɱǵõ׿ԽıҪ֮һ
Ů˾ͽ¡
һܳ׿ԽˣҲֻ˾ͽˡ
˾ͽʱӣһ£θ˫ȱֱ޳Ƥ֬覣Ȼ䵭˵ĸоȴǲɽӽıɽˣǴһɵа֮Ůĸо
Ƕս۶󸣬˾ͽҲʮֵİƺΧĻΪһ塣
˾ͽһ壬вС˾ͽµĹҡ˾ͽµһЩⳡƽˡ
ԭ˾ͽµİ̺ĸס˾ͽ¡˾ͽ֮Ů֧֣δǰ;
Ϊĸ˾ͽ½þ޿ˡ
֮ŮƶˣΪĿѻŮݵĲ̫ˡ
νǽƣ˾ͽº˾ͽΪò츳һЩǿ죬һˣںܳʱڣǶٲά衣
ⷽԣ˵ϼ˾ͽгҲΪ
ھһս֮˾ͽڽ۶ɱˡ
İɭУȫѪɫճҺؿţȻɱǿޣҲС
꣡
˾ͽٶȴ̳һ״̴۶࣬û͸
ȷ۶Ѿû˰ת䵭Ŀһۣͷȴû⣬ĬĬĶʿ۶ǸŧɫƤһȭͷСѪڵ֤ɻɱ
ֿһۣ˾ͽµУһ˿һ˿ġ
˾ͽЩȻѾΪǵ그µĴòϣ˾ͽ˲űǵѪΪڣ
֪˾ͽһֱһִļ塢ҶΪϼȻкޣȻƷϼ壬ܹϼĵϵӣΪ˾ͽһ
Ҫ֪˾ͽº˾ͽ£һһ롣
ּѹȥˡ
ǵȵ˾ͽºճҪϼӵܣΪĸһʱϼ壬ȴ˲ŵ㣬е㲻һĸо
ּҳ֮⣬ûгʲô˲ţԴ֧֣ϼӵĳɾҲһ㡣
˾ͽս޿սһȭڿմĸо
ԭϣְ㣬һﳤøôƣܸ׿Խǡ
ԼְܻܻҲУϾ˵ְת
Ȼȴٴʧˣְһүݰһ᲻Ȥ
˾ͽеڵתͷҪȥʱͻȻһԶ
˾ͽûиоȻȴһ˿ա
и߽ڿ
ȼĸ߽ޣڰɭУɭеԺӶԣһѣ
ô
˵ԺԲóʧ󣬷µɱɭ֡
һһ㲻ԡ
ٶȼ죬룬ǰػԼʦӦѾǣǾȻûκηӦ
ѵ
üͷ壬֪һɨַһ££ɫ
ľʮǿǿ󵽿ɹᴩͷ߽޵ľ߽֮޵ľ֮Уһ˿ߵľӡ
Ҳ˵߽ΪƵģһͷ߽ߵԼޣ
˲ͷǱɭ֮ɱˡ
ڿ޵ǰֻɱԼɱ˾ͽ£ɱ˭֮ǰԷ粨ͺײµˡ
ԭҪңǵĸĸ̫ңȸԴңȨƽô


1949 һ
뵽ЩЦĸԼȥµ֧֣û˸Ҷǡ
ȴˣԼĸĸ似ҲȨһ㣬İвݳӰ츸ĸľ
ǿͨɱεķʽӸĸõȨԼĸĸܿա
ңĸϾǷˣ鵤ҩ֧֣Ҳǧ꣬ȵԼĸޣָ˭֮أ
һص⣬漰ô棬ȻҪһ
лЩͷʱͷ߽Ѿǳˡ
˾ͽԭѾ߳ʮͻȻһȻתֵĳһɫ䣡
򼣡ɭôĸ߽ޣ
˾ͽ»ʧɫɱǿߣ˾ͽ²ʮ꣬ڶ˴ʵ࣬Լġ
׳գɵվŵô
˾ͽ¿ɵʱܻˣݡһһޣֱס˫һһ˳ȥֱû˹ľ֮С
𶯣
˾ͽһֻѹͷӳ¶ǵλã²ܸ֪ʲô򼶼ʶ鷢ֲѧˣ֪ôġ
ٵĶԪָָһһСźŵһ졣
ԺӵźŵϾԮʦޣһ飬ѧͨźŵȡ
˾ͽ¿ɲָԼܹڶʱȡðָԼٶܿ򼣬ΨһľǾĲϣֻ·ǳģԮܹ㵽ǡ
˾ͽҲ֣ôһûиֱȻ
Ȼʱ˾ͽͻȻһ׹ѣĿţԼźŵѿЩźŵĲƬǱڰһֱӻҷʲôûˡ
⡭
˾ͽȫ䣬ֱ仯úڰ⾳ģֻһеĺڰ⾳ܽһͱըźŵɵһɶ
ȻʶһµĿܣܣϢ
ҪɱԺӵĶ飬ж֣ɱǣļ
ˣпԺĳ֡
ǿӣ
˾ͽ¿˵ʱѾߺѾµܶԷĿ˭ɱһڣܶˣ
˾ͽ仰˵һ˲䣬һͷȫɫĿֲ򼣬Ѿɭ
ͷµ򼣬ʮɣȫȼŻĳȼ׿ǣչţ֮ϱϸĴͬһ㱻жϡ
ٶ̫ˣ쵽˾ĵزһ֮ûκֱͣ˾ͽչŻȶִ˶֫ǹһ
һ˲䣬˾ͽ´ûие˵ıƽ
֮ҧأƴȫȻһնһûָܹʲôָһǳֻۣʡͷŭ֮µıܷӦˣ
Լô
òף˭ɱԼΪʲôĿɱԼŪ
ĸ׸жģ
һ˲䣬˾ͽԺлͷĿǷ֫һԼؿڣҲԼһƮƮĵһǰϡ
һ̣Լ౻̴ѪȻһ˲䣬˼һĻˣ
ƮƮģǰϵһ˲䱬ͷ·һڽţĿä⣡
ǡ
˾ͽ˫ۣǿԱǰԼһ֮£ͬһ㱻п
һ޴İνһǰֱӴʮɳмֱȥ
ԭٳһ˲·һֻץסˣȫΥɵֱӶ˿У
һɫֱߴĶͷһֱӵβͣһֱѷһֱ̣ȫѿˣг룡
žž
Ѿгڵϣֱʧ֮ѪɢȾء
Ե֮ԭ㱻룬Ҳûһв
Ǳ˾ͽһն֮ȴͨ͸Ҳû˰һˣ
ĿһУ˾ͽµɴһ˫ԭа֮СȫſǰһС
ǰ龰Լɱ˵ͬи߽ǿߵ򼣬⵱Ȼǡȫܵ飡
˾ͽ·оڸղһ˲䣬ƺգӳԼĳ֮ϣԲһС
ԴƺȻתͷ
ʱվھ˾ͽԶĵطҲʲôҵı飬ʮֵ򶨣ֻɫЩ
˫Ŀ纮̶˿֮Щη塣
ֺ䣬ƺǳڷŭֿܳԭ򣬵ԲΪ¡
ղԻɱǿߵ򼣬˾ͽԼֽţȻ꣬Ȼ㶼¡
֪ΪΣʱ˾ͽ¿Щԭôţ⿴ʮְ׳գΪү¶򶨵ı顣
ָоְϣʲôܣ
ϮȻǳְģԼ
ǣǳǿޣɱְȴʧˣ׸ղŵ˭
ܲڡְɡ
˾ͽ¿ô޷ţԼ仹Сһְɱ򼣬ⳬ˳
ʱͻȻˡ꣡꣡ʮ΢죬ϸ޷
˭
˾ͽһˣǸ֣
ȴоⰵص˲ڿǣԶǡ
ˣ֮ǰúڰٵԼźŵˣǿܾԺ𱣻ǵʦ
ǲμⳡɱȻʧ֮ˡ
Ȼûвµʲô򼱻ɱǺʣܹɱĴڣȻɱǡ
Ϊǵʵǿ
ˡ
˾ͽ²֪ΣֻǿȻס뿴ȡʲôж
ü˾ͽһۣ㻹ߣɵվʲôǵԮɱô
Ļһˮ˾ͽµͷϡ
ڼϢ֮ǰûĸ˵׳գɵվŵôתۼͱˡ
˵òƲ뿪ȥѰԮԷٴɱʮΣա
ҪӣתֿѰԮĻ˭ãϾƸӣ˾ͽҲ֪˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣһͶǲԩˡ
Ȼһתͷȴ֣ڸղԼһתĹѾˡ


1950 һߣ
ְְأ
˾ͽŵĿʧĵطֻʣڷоҡݺ͹ľϢ㶼ûˡ
˾ͽЩղתһϢʱ䣬Ժµ˵ôٶȣҾٶȹ죬Ҳᶯôᣬ뿪Լȫûв
ָоֱ˲ˡ
ôģ
˾ͽ»ûӦʱƺһС

ɫ֣ζڷӣߺ磬еľɫɿĺˡ
ԺʦΪһ˸ģǳĶĺôӺ
Ҹ֣ȻʹɱߵȼޣζҲǶ֣ʧûܱҲڶൣ
Ϊʮþȵ飬ҺһģҲӣζҲûие̫ѹ
Ǿ£ȴͻȻ˾ͽһʬ
ζһʱжϾǣ񺣴ڰػζ޷Ϊʲôǿ߶һģʵѾǰֻӣȻǿǨŭ
ľսóٶȣʱھӷʮԶͻȻ˺һɫĮ̤նֱӳζǰ
ͻı仯ζŵûɢ
˺գ˲ƵԼǰǺεֶΣ
ʵ½磬˺ղѣֻܴ½ߣԿռ䷨Զûеһ
ζȻͣȫѪΪͣӿֹͻȻֵ˵ʱζɴһ˫۾һŤ˸ӵƴͼ
㡭ô㡭
ζţ꾹Ȼְ˫Ŀĺ̶Զζ꣬Ǹʮ
˺յ˲ƣһϣѵղ򼱻ɱҲְж֣ôʵ
һʱ䣬ζͷǸƽʱӿǻɼһͿְǰĮȫɢɱħְصһ
ζоԼҪˣֻĵôܷһүز¶Ҿ츳ٸߣҲư
㡭㵽˭
ζоǰƺһħ
ȻʱѾֱ֣ץסζĺζȴܶһ£屻ռ䷨ˡ
˭ָʹģ
·ԾԨζȫ
֪򼡭ҵԼޡ
ζѾ˵ռĸоҷȷʵ֪˭ָʹģǸȫںڶС
ЦһˣԼѡ
˵䣬һֻǡһ죬ζĲӣֱӱŤˡ
ζ˫ĿⷭŤţһʮôɱˡ
߶ħһɺɫħζľ֮еļ䱻ȫĻ꺣֮С
ܿõԼҪϢζļ֮УԷһȫںɫ֮Уĸߴˡ
ζһöҩζͻһɣڶԷʲôˣζȫֻ֪ܹɱôٵõһݺô
Цһӵζʬ壬һ̣ٶ˺գһ̤룬ʧ
ԺɳбȻŹһˡ
꣡
һɫǹâдһȫٷӵʦֱӱǹâᴩʺ
ŵĿǰԼǰ쭵ѪֱӴӿ£ھ޴Ĺײ˺ü
編ƣʦĻ꺣ͬûеõʲôмֵϢ
üʵѾס꺣еľӡֻҪˣͿһϳ
ֻڵΪߣ޷ø֪ȸֱӾܽԷãã˺ҳ
֪ղѾݾߣں
ʱͻȻһ֪һŮӰǱУץסеĳסʱ̾ܡ
˾ͽ¡
˲ʧ֮û뿪ȥԮŸղʦܵķСǰ
뿴һ׷ʲôҲ֪Ǹص꣬ʲôܡ
΢΢üһǰʬ壬֪ͻȻʦһ㣬϶
һӣֱӽʬ𣬶ٴ˺գһʦʬҲ
صʬ֮ǰʬӳִȥȡ˻֣һѻǶճ˻ҽ
һУĵ뿪ˡ
ʦʬ壬ܿ챻֣Ǳ϶Ǳɱ򼱻˭ɱͲ֪ˡ
һڵĴڣУһɱ򼣬ڰɭΧôᷢ飿
ȸǿߣȫϿɲ飬ԺһȥѯЩǿ֮ǵõĴ𰸣ȴȫǷ񶨡
ɱģЩ˵еκһô˭
ˡ
˾ͽ»׿Խĳɼ
ԺΪ˾ͽ칦ܶԺĵĽòˣһʱ䣬˾ͽµ죬ȸһż
֪˹ά˾ͽ£Ҳкܶͼ£˾ͽ£ԺյĻӣļ̳ˣҪ˾ͽ顣
ȢһˣδõһǺôֱ
Ǻ˾ͽ³ȸֿȵ֮ŮĽˣܽǧɫΧһȦˡ
ķͷԸȸСһˡ
ǣ˾ͽȴûа㿪ĵĸоΨһһ֪ʼĩˡ
Ŀ򼱻ԼһһĻϵ˾ͽԺлطţޱ
֮⣬Ҳ֪ʦȥһ˲䣬ˡ
ʧϢ֮ԼԼһҽС
ûв´ҽһʦġ
ɸ֣ȫٷ֮Ϣͱɱ
ͬʱʧҲ˾ͽ²һȫ޷ŵۡ
ȥʦʬ壬ûҵ
ٻͿʬԱߣѻҽ˹Ϊ֮ɱʦαװɱɱӣУȻˡ
һУ˭ɵģô
ᣬ˾ͽµȴûиκ顣
ֻƽʱԺϿΡʱ·ûһ˫ʶ
ʱգ˾ͽ¿
һĵ磬УԱߵбɽϣص꣬Լĸ첲ڲݵϣһݣɹ̫
ĽԺϹżıò˧
ٲȻһഺڼк˾ͽ޷ڰɭпһġ
ʦȥˣΪԼʱΡ


1951 һˣ
С㣬Ҳﰡɰ
˾ͽ¿ʱͻȻһ˾ͽתͷһһʮ߰Ľ꣬һУ˾ͽ£Ц
ǴұĻӣ츳ΪʴٽҲܷһ˾ͽһֱкøС
Ҳ˾ͽô򣬶Ǳ˵ľ룬˲ڷС
Сڿʲôأ˳˾ͽ¸ղעӵķ򿴹ȥ
ĳ֣΢΢ü˾ͽ£ôڿϽСӣ
ְһеаţ˵֮ǰȥʦԭǱģû£ʦȴˡֵǣСӾȻͨȡһáĳɼˮƽ⡣
˵ţ˾ͽü΢ûд𻰡
һ̣ͻزһԼľޱȵ뷨ְССȴصôʵҲȫ˳
Ѿܽ͵ˡ
ټĳ뵱ǸôǷһֿܣְǸת
뷨˾ͽµһ֪һ̣ʲôо
Ǹˣصܴ½ˣΪʲôҪ
˾ͽвЩ뷨ʱ򣬲ݵŵͻȻתͷ˾ͽһۣƺһУҵУ֮ϣ緱һ
ոһգ긴һꡣ
ȥˣʮˡ
ʱ䣬ʵ˷ٵĳɳ
֮ԭȫתУû˥Ϊǿ
Ѫ棬ͲҪˡ
ͬҲѾ̡
µΪ䵽ȵ׵ʱĵﴦҲ磬
ƿ⣬ֻҪһ磬ͻʥ۷ʱһȹ̡
پǷǾ͸˵ˣķתʱûκμ٣Щµ
һͲڸˣĸʵޱȡ
Ҫģһľ
֮⣬һۡ
Ҫʱ䡣
һգоޣͻȻ˫ۣ֪ɢȸ
ȸȵ˹֪ٱĻͲΪ㹻һˡ
ȸиõ󷨡ң޷ĸ֪
֪ȫһ˲䣬ȸ֮еһЩǿ΢΢һøղһ˲·紵һ㣬Ȼĸ֪ȴûκرģֻܽΪˡ
ҵǱǰԶ
΢΢ҡͷڵʵ֪̫ʱͻܶˡ
żʮ꣬дѵʱ䡣
֪ͬʱô˵Ķ򣬶ľĺܴ󣬵ȴţǶ꺣Ķ
صľ޻꺣
ÿձ״̬һʼֻּܼӣܼһʱʱʱ
ϵսԼļޣʹһֱԵЩƣ
ʱ䣬Ϊ˸ĸз飬Ժĳɼ߸ߣµȣеȣٵϵȣѾӽϵˡ
òҲ˧˫Ŀʣһ˶͸飬ʱأʱ⣬ʱʱâ
꣬Ժ֯һ󿼣ȡ˼Ϊĳɼרϣ˼¼
˳ϣǲԸĽֲòϡ
ףԺеӴȣ˺ܶ곤Ժӣǰĳɼ
֣ԺʯаϣҶط֣ĸ׸˻ˡ
һδȣп˳۵ȫˡ
Ͼʵսģ
ڶ̶̼ʱڣӲүڼ˾ͽµˮƽ֤µ츳ˡ
һȥֻԽԽ׷ϲ˦ºܶˣɾ񺣡
˲ˡ
˹δڵòԺյļúܶԺŮ
ʮ껨͵Ůϲ㣬˧ͬʱҲŵкӡ
ռˣĽҲ֮С
Ժ֮УżŮֱǰһۺɫŵУܿ
һǴŷֽŮĵĵɡͬķʤ״
һչ壬дʣľӣһ˿ɬһ˿ഺļ¶дŮڴֽŵ顭
Щţһ
Ҳлʱ֪ٴҵĹӡ
Щˣ츳ȻʵڣòӢƺĳʲôôռȥˡ
ǶӦĴУ΢츳ãȱԴʵһ㣬඼ª
껪Ůǣѡѵʱ򣬽Զ׼ˡ
¶ЩӵɣҲȥܴеĿ׷󡭡
ഺʱУòϣҲĽЩǣĽЩŭ
ȻʱȻڴУҲӲմߣҪϵķܶϵı޲ԼЩΪĿ꣬ȥԽȥƴ
ȻɹˣҲԸϳɣâʧȥ˺ܶණŻһС
ֱգᵽ
Ժ֮УǹӣһУĽоԼбѹֵԣ׵ͷųеĪĳ
쳾ϴζ
֮·ϣҲвǰܣƿʱ򣬵ȥ˼ģϷ
ͨĸͼͻ⾳ﵽߵĲΡ
ڵҲˡ
Щǰǣ޷֮·
ͼģȥݷĽɫʵ³ˡ
ȴΪԭͶ·£ò򷲳ԷҲ˶ף
ֹȥһ꣬ʮˡ
ΪٴνĻ꺣䣬֪ѾԳ˸ʱȸƣ
һ˲䣬Լĸ֪Ǵǣܴ½һֱ쵽ʥħ½
ĳһ죬֪ʱͻȻȸһˡ
ˣϵһϢ뵱ɱ򼼫Ϊơ
һЩ֪ĹУһֱˣȻԷƺΪ򼱻ɱȸ
Ȼ±ɱشҳһֱûҵԷ
ȥԷڻˡ
øĸ֪ˣԷԼǧԶȻһһΪھתȵһ㲻©İյˡ
Ѿȷϣˣˡ
Ƿһ˿΢Цĸ֪ɵ˶Էϣһǣ񵱳һ
ҪԴΪնͼȨˣȫ


1952 һţ
ҹһȥʮͨͣһۡĺţһȫںڶ˳Сš
ĽŲǳᣬһ㡣
ֳһرͨƣһ·ͨ˸ۡһ֮С
һʮӣѾȺʱˡ
ĸߴ󣬼һŨü֮£һ˫۾
ӣȫɢŵɱ֮·ݺɱơ
ǰһ̳ƣʱž̳ӣͭյеơ
֣Ƚͬڵľ̳ӣСڵͭյеƣȴ಻ٸպõûһ
ʱҵĴűƿˣǳ⸮ۡĺڶ˻߽ʮһ
»ˡ
ڶ˹˵
ⱻΪӣּҵŮ죬ĶƼ飬ǵΪͳȸļ⵶ӡ׾š
ȻĵλҲΪѪʵǿժùڵԭ
ǰʧǰħӣѰģ׾š
ţ쵭Ӧһָָλ˵ƣΪϴ
ڶü΢΢һⱭƣЩȣƼΪ󣬺ȥΪкô
֮˵ү°²ǰɱְʧܣúүΣ֮У꣬ڲŻʵûȺүľơ
Ц˲˲ãǰ㰵ɱְʧܲĴҶְƲ㣬û뵽Ȼǿ߰бȻжʧܣЩ¶Ͼְ֪ǳõʱʧ٣ǲ׾ȥʱסû֣ͨ׾ŵĻ˶ӣȻǸصĴڷ֡
˵һĿһ˿ɱ
лүˡڶ˵ţһ
ЦЦôˣ
غүǰʥħ½ѾɹҵгѪɱԭԭһʥħ½찵ãѾȷϣٶǰԭѪɱԭԭɱɾʮħΪԭںܶ쳤ūӡѪɱԭ
ٺԭѪɱԭԭһ㿪ʼߺְзչھмΪǼĳԸǺ
ڶ˵䣬ݳһƣүȡõĴӡǣѾͨãͨӡǣҵѪɱԭԭһĸˡ
ܺãĵ˵ͷƽӹʶһɨȻû
ү㣬ڲǲȥѪɱԭʱѾƻ˸ô˰ɣǸ˵ĸĸʵڰ£үǴ㽫ϼһڶһĨӵơ
ȻѾٶ꣬䣬Щ˻Ƿǳɻ䣬ֻáǸˡ档
üͷһ壬ôܶϼһ⣬Ǹ˲Ļұ֮أûϵϲĺͿģǻţȨҲҵУǸӣΪ壬ֻǸְ̫óˣҵϼһְɳָ̫Ȩְ֪ôģԽԽչ¶âҪˡƫƫ֪˭ְ󱣻Ǽ֡
үӢְɳ֮ǰɱʱǸ˾Ҳ϶ΪĸһӶ󶯸ɸ꣬ȹһǧ꣬Ǹ˵ĸĸƼƴȨʱȸ£͵Ǻүˣ
ڶЦŹάҲЦʱڶ˵ͻȻҵĳ鴤ץӣ˫Ŀݣоȫʹһȫʴ裡
ԼͭյŵĿǰ졣
㡭㡭
ڶð˺Ѫ촽԰ֽȫ¡
ղµľƣж
ĮȻĿڶˣ˵ʴձѪħݣĵرƳ߾ɫζټ޵Ķϵ֧֣У֮󣬾ͻṦʧԪľ
ΪΪʲô
ڶҧԹĶ죬ĿѣϵĺڶѾ˺ѿ¶һݵӣɫңȫϵĲš
ĳֽеĳЦĿ˺ڶһۣôãôô޴⣿֪̫ˣְиصǿڣ˵а취ҵ㣬һˣ룡
ǰ㰵ɱְʧܣûɱ㣬ȥʥħ½ܷͷΪҪ죬鶼ˣͻὫյأʮֲǡ
ɴߣĺȻаֱɱ㣬ȴ̫Ķüֵǵ߾ƷҲĿˡ
ҪԹҡ
˵ţһڶ˴
ںڶ˹ʧ£һѾǱɱ
ڶ˾ԹĿһȴȻһɲǣԤеûе壬ͻȻסˡ
Ľ·𱻽֮Уȫܶ
˭
ʧɫңػԲˣϢǱǶԷʵѾľˣ
ѵǸбְľǿߣ
뵽ıð亹
ʱǰͻȻһ˫һ㾫µ֣ͬ˺ֽһƬ˺ˡ
һµ̤꣬꽣üĿʮ˾꣬ǵһ
ֱͬ˹һ㣬۾ȫǲŵɫ㡭㡭㣬ְ
޷ţֱܹӶλңܹ˺˲ƣκ󷨣һ׵ļ̸ֶΣ񺣺ǿߣҲӵУ
һУȻְϣֻһʮëСӣ
ѵ˵֮ǰһɱģǰбְǿߣְˣ
еԼһ˲䱻׵߸ˣ㡭㵽˭
첻ţһʮëСֶΣ
Ц㵹ͣ˵ܴ½ʥħ½ѾͨˣǱϾ½̫Զ˴˼佻ǲ࣬ȴȥѪɱԭɱԭѪɱԭԭ鶼ܲ鵽ֶβ
ڰɱҵ¶ܴ½Ѫɱԭԭһ߸ȸȨôһʯ֮ƣ뷨Ҳֶιݣٶǰƣϧ㲻ƣԶ
ĻȻУȴ
һ䡰ȥѪɱԭɱԭѪɱԭԭ鶼ܲ鵽ȫ˿ְ
㡭㡭㡭
ȫ˵ҰļֶֺݣǸ˵ǰȴûа
ֱҪˣ
ˣҲֻǸˣֶΣԼȻŰɱѰ·ô
ΪʲôǸ˻ع飬һӤ
޷⣬ʱѾֹͣ˼ˣľͬһ׶һ㣬ֱӴĻ꺣
Ҷõɷ治ɱ㣬Ҹĸϲҵĵߣȥɡ
˵䣬ľͬ׶һ㣬꺣ش̣ÿһδ̣ʹޱȣ˺ʹ࣬˫Ŀͻͬһſ
˻УȴвԼĲӣҪԼɴ˿ɼʱܶʹˡ
ʮϢʱ䣬Ŷһˤ˵ϣһԣڶѾðˡ
ְȻǸˡ
촽£ɫ԰ס
ȡħֱӳȡļ䣬һ˲䣬йıļƻȡˣңҲΪı׼ϺЩһΪصĵطڣΪı֤ݡ
οʱ򣬻һ֤
ָһһڶ˵ľ֮һūӡ
ūӡͲڶй¶ˡ
Į˵ָ֤죬֮ʹ죬ļͥˣᱻǣᱻưá
Ǹ˹˵ϣѹ̫ˣ־޷Υ档
˵䣬ӰٶʧϢ֮³֣ղȡı֤ݣʹڶˣȥСס

һҹȸ۶ӿֵϣźʵǿ߽ΧˣеĺԱƣ顣
ʬ屻ҵı֤ݣСսɡ
ǰɱְҲˮʯ򼣬ȥʦڶһһʮĹ˳
۶зһУ˾ͽ¿
ԭʱͼıɱְˣȻıɱְһ竣ıɱʧˣʱ֮ԼҲȥˡ


1953 һʮ
˾ͽ֪һˣǵһԵܶࡣ
ԺһЩ¼ֵġ
ʵǿĻصһˣҵ³
ԭžΪͼɱְ
˾ͽ޷󣬹ɱְͼıôģţһбȻְйأ
̫꣬ˡ
ץѾȥ죬ǵ۶һɽŵգһҪĵ̨֮ģһɱϴ
һˣС֡
Сûɱ޹ǽԭһϵˣְλȥȨֱŵƫԶ
ǱȻĽ֡
˾ͽĿһУ飬İٶǰ֮ģҲǴģϴ
ĿĵţͻȻס˽Ų
ڲԶԺУߵбϣһ꺬ŲҶбɹ̫
ʱ鲢á
Ȼˣ׾ȻԼƼɷ
һƼĸӣʵûʲôӴ֮У漰ȨͻĮ
ͬҲգΪȨƣıɱݺ
Ҳǵһһ
δϼԽԽ󣬳ֹеҲΪ档
Щ޷⡣
Ҳȥܣһֻ뾲㸸ĸߵյ㣬ϼ˥ƾˡ
ûʲô壬ܹԶҲ֮ԼŽɢȥ֮һֽȸҲĻɽּҲعƽʵδһ¡
ţоһŮĬĬԼͷһһµ˾ͽ¾ԼߣһȹŮһ
˫ֻϥǣûпֻעԶԡ
ע⵽˾ͽ¾ĳԼߣʱĹעԼ
ûֱԼߡ
΢΢һЦûпڣ˾Զ
ѪƷ·ȾˣϼкɽͣͬŮɴޡ

ıһĸĸܵһЩЩ죬ƵĳڸĸߣΪ滺顣
һ
һ磬Ϊһơ
ôˣֻãȾƣ塣
Щʱ䣬ˡ
һٷԵͻȻ˵
һ鸸ĸһֱڸĸߣҪ뿪߸·ȥ
Ҳãȥ
ָЦţĸȴе㲻ᣬΪ˺ӵļʶվǵ˵ͷ
뿪ˣһߣǶʮꡣ
֮һΣڸĸ߶ȹꡣ
Ȼ뿪
αܴ½ʥħ½
ܴ½ϽȥˮСõĹҡ
СãѾϽȨߣǵѣΪ˴֮ϵá
ڣѾãˮȴԸΪϵŮδޡ
һηʿõĹңˮҴҼһ棬뿪
㣬Ǹʿ
ˮʧıӰ֪ΪΣЩʹ
ôˡ
Ŀˮˮҡҡͷ
ͷһһĻۣվһƿ
µģ
ˮһƿ򿪣йű̵ĵҩ
ŵҩɢݵҩ㣬ֻһڣܸоȫͨѪȣƺⵤҩһ㡣
죬һž˿µҩЧôǶĵҩ޷
ʱһˮԺˮݣֻ֭ˮмǲ̷ֱҩҩ٣פϴ裬Ϊ㣬Ԫӳ
һȫסˡ
ˣǡ
ȴһĬĬ뿪ʥħ½ȥ塣
˶ľȺߡ
ˣһѪɱԭɱͬһðգҲЩ顣
ˣɾ񺣡
ϣܰʵģǾţľȺˣʮʱ򣬾ˡ
ľȺѾʼԼڵʥ֮УѾӵмߵľȨһĳΪʥصļ̳ߡ
ĵĽ٣Ϊ˻Եٴȥ
һߣǰꡣ
뿪ǣڵ¼ʱչؿޣʱ
ÿξһطפͣסһʱ䡣
˲ͬף˲ͬĹңԭʼʢƶǷ١
ģһתѾһʮꡣ
ΪȥĻۣκƿ
ΪѾȫָʵҲ˵ʱ۷ˮ׼
ԽԽˡ
ͻƽһηǳҪķԾʶͻƣʱܶ࣬Ҫóֵ׼
ʱţһһꡣ
һ꣬꣬һѾİķ꣬׼ٻصĸߣʮꡣ
׼ͻƽ
֮ǰͻƽ츳ھʮľ˽ܶԣ죬˵Ѿˡ
⻺ͻĹ֮Уȴõ̫ĺô
һ꣬ˣص˸ĸߡ
ԼΪαװ񺣳ڣ׼ͻƽ
Ȼû뵽ĸȴһ⡣
ǾԼ뿪Щ˽Ϊ׼һ¡
δޣҲİȻǡ˾ͽ¡
ʵΪ˾ͽЩܴ½̫ҫˡ
ĸĸŮѾӦýˣӼ˾ͽ˾ͽãңƸ񡭡


1954 
ñĸĸǳˡ
ĸ³ΪСʱԵķˡ
ӸλĸԼˣҲֻʱԶ֣ˡ
ʱĬĬ£˵Ҳ顣
ţΪʲôָĸĿָˣʲôʱ￴Ǹ˸ˡ
Ĭ
˺þòشĸ۾һɣûУΪʲô飿׶㶩ˣȸӦ˵½ڵĹ֪׷ýŶżȴûļý˵ˣȢĹ˺öأôӦõ飬ȴֳأ
ҡͷܾĲء
㵹˵ĸˣ⺢ӣ䲻㣿˼ҳڣ츳ֺãֹɣϱ㶼ϣ⺢ѵһӣĸ磬㣬ĸûģ磬Ӷһٶˡ
ĸĹУӣ쾭飬ȴƺйһӵĴ㣬ʮġ
ǲ˵ĸûˡ
һ磬Եò졣
գػԺʱ꣬Ժûʲô仯У԰洦ɼˣƴ
˺ܶ࣬ûע⵽ԺһȻĹ£ȴ˼Ļ
һԺУԵĲݵأбϣҧһҶ᳾֣
һֱɵϦɽͻȻһŮӵ
Ǹˡ
תͷһֻһµ˾ͽվϦ֮£ɫϣͬľ顣
֮ǰ̫Ҷµʱ򣬲ûиҴ㲻֪顭
˾ͽµЩ꣬ʱ꣬òûʲô仯ഺֻ϶һصʡ
Ѿͻ񺣣
ѧ磬˾ͽѾӵ൱ĵλ˾ͽҲѾؽȻǲйңȴһúܶҼɵĶ塣
ݶԣ˾ͽҲŵԡ
ǸҡҡͷҲ飬Ҳ顣
˾ͽ¿۾ƺ͸񣬿͸ģΪʲôΪѾˣ
Ĭ
ʱ˾ͽͻȻᣬһһٵĵʵ㣬תɡ
ͻһ仰һ˾ͽ£Ŀһ˿֮ɫɫֻ
ûгϣҲûзϡ
һЩ飬˾ͽ¿ˣټЩ꣬˾ͽ¶֮·ԽԽǰ̵龰ãʱʲôǿ߰бֵľԼ
˾ͽͨϵĶԱԼڵʵ͵ʱʵȷǸʱѾӵгԼ
˽죬˾ͽ͸ˡ
վԼƳĽְۣҲѣҲΪĳЩԭ֮ˡ
ĳĬ˾ͽΪĬˡ
ʶ˵еվԼǰ˾ͽ·Լƺûжηͻ֣̿ƺǰ꣬ǰְ
Ҳ˵ȥģҲϽɣµ£ʵѾĸȡˣܱǸ
˾ͽ˵仰ĬĬˡ
һʱĪĸо˾ͽ¶ĳƺϾип
Ҳ뿪Уص˸ĸߡ
ĸЩʼƲ֣ĬĬ顣
һһꡣ
ʮȥˣһ죬뿪ǣԪ칬ɵλ
Ҫͻƽ
֮
ԾԪϵ߶ԣ֮·Ŀʼһ磬ȫ۳ѨԪ
ԪŨһزС磬ٵӴγԪӺڵ򣬵
ٵڡ
鵤̥ǣڡ
ںϳƻű񺣡䡢磬ڴ˹Уﻯ磬ִ½ء
ʥڣĴرǳ档
ʥ֮ǽ
缫ΪرҪһʵ磬Լ֮УԼ磬ʵʱաںϣӴӵʵԡ
ʵ磬˼顣
ȻʵԶûôš
дСʮ磬һ¶飬һö꣬Ҳһ磬νһһ磬һɰһˡ
һߣɳԼĸʵʵǿӦһ硣
ʵԽǿԽʵߣԽ󣬷֮ôͻԽС
ȻʵϣŵĽ磬Ҳȥ
һԲʮһռ䣬ټϿռеʣǷǳˡ
ǵĶţҲǧա
УϹʱЩǳɾͽʱһǳ
ǳͬǳΧգǳеԪһЩƬһԼ֮УѾǺˡ
һˣҪôʷУҪôʥ컯ʥʡƮҲҲﵽĵزǲ˵˭Ҳ֪
ʵ磬˴Сзֱ֮⣬ռ䱾ǿ̶ȣ̺ԪƬҲвͬĲ
ЩѡʱƫϵȵĻδ֮·ҲһЩ
ȻӦģߵȼĹҲѡ
һĵӣͻƽʱ򣬶ѡŵȵΪ˵ͼߣڹ̾ʱ˷һЩʱ䣬δȡø߳ɾ͡
ڵĸʵȻսԽߵȣԽǳԽܼս⡣
ս֤Լʵޣ֤İٶĽ
Ȼȴǵ½λ棬ƾԼȥһС
ҪҵһƷʵĺ磬̸ף
º󡪡
嫵棬ޱ޼ʡ
õĺǶߣλðɫʣġģġλõģúУԼԼ͸ʵĹΣңԶǺӺʵƣͬһϸС˿Ưڲ֪ԶǿգԶͶ
վƬǿ֮УĬĬĸͬʱȫſԼ
ںΪһ֮ˣƬͨһʱ䣬Ԫ۶
½λ棬ܲסڵĿռѾȥռ籩ӿ
Ҵ֮죬Զƺ޵Զš
һ̣ʽʼͻƽ֮Уʮֹؼһ磬ֱӰ쵽δĳɾͣ


1955 
ԽԽǿ·һ̫ȼգЩâϵı任һʹš
Žݱ䣬γһ޴Ӱ
ӰΪģƺֻһЩ۳ɵģ͵Ŀռ籩Уȴȫûбɢ
˫Ŀϣȫԣ
Ӱͨϵݻγһ޴ĳ塣
һصĵ伮
伮ȫհס
ĳһ̣һʼƾճˣƺһֻıʣֽдš
ģڶʣʣıʣԽԽ࣬ԽԽ졭
Щʼһһ֣Ӷء
еֶֺڽɫʥͻᷢͬʱ˽ɫҳ⾳ǣͬ
ⲿ֮飬̥ڡʥ䡷ȴּԼ⡣
伮ӰԽԽԽԽּڵ伮ϳ֡
Щ֣ڽ䣬׾ûܿö
Ӧ˵Щָûȷе壬еģֻһ⾳ͬ˶Щ֣вͬ⡣
ԼҲ޷ЩһȷеĽ͡
İټʮиܽᣬͬͬĸ򣬶֧ıʣˡ
伮дĹ̳֮ãڣ֮һ¡
һ̣һ伮ųҫ֮⣬·еĹâⲿ伮۶
ĵ伮ҲԴʵ۷Ĵ֮飡
һʱ䣬µγУǼʣϯԵ伮ΪĻƬǿյĴϢѾ۵¡
ʡԪۺʵһġ񡱣
ԼǻʼϵĽᴿݻס
Ѿˡʥ䡷͡顷شת֪ʡ뱸뾫֮ʵһոµ磡
·ˣʥ䡷ߣǴԼʱ򣬾ԶطԼֶͨʺݻ磡
ڣ·˺͡ʥ䡷ߵĵ·
һ󵨣Ӧ˵Ƿĳԣ
Ϊ·˺͡ʥ䡷ߣǹͣʵޱǿʱ򣬲ɵ紴졣
ȴͻƽʱ򣬾Ϳٳһ·
ڷСѷƶ½λһУѾļˣ
ģϿʼۺ飬һͷ۶
ĿţԼǰ翪ʼԻΡ
꣬·ˣʥ䡷߶磬ȹ̵Դ꣬ǧ꣬ĺʮȼ磡
Ȼһ㣬磬Ҳʮ꣬ϰͻ
ûϵڴ磬ֻǳΣͨϵԼݻͲϵĹ̡
δܳ𣬳ӵеܳɳʲôز˭Ҳ޷⡣
Ƭ粻ϵĳΣϵķչ
ʱѾ˼ޣʱһɳڣͻǿ桰˲ɢֱ
һҲܵķɣӶܵش
ͺһ֮Ѫ
һʱ䣬ȫ˺ɫƬѪ磬ڲϢ
󣬳һĿĺɫӰӰ߰ɣȫŴִ弡
ұ֮ϣһֻˣ֮ϣһ
̤ſǳһץסǰĳΡ
ӰȻޡ顷۶ɵģͬʱע˵ǣ֮Ѫ
޴ޣƶһĥһƶⷽ磬ľ񲻶ϵۣۡ
Լ֮Ϊĸ޷ԼƬ磬Լһж˼¡
ľʼȼžѪʱƬ磬ڻ
̫СˣԲС
ṹȶǳһǿߵĹ֮ܵоϵı׽ݻ١
Ĵ죬ѾȫѣȫעԼǰƬ磬·ǿԼĺӡ
ʱ˿̣ޱ˷ܣˣ
磬һոµĿʼ
ӽ֮·ֿµļԪ
ʱӰƶⷽ磬ֱڡ
Сص
һɲǣڣƬġ񡱣ġ񡱵ӣƬ磬绺ںһ
һʱ䣬Ʒӿ֣֮֮ǿתһĻ֡
Ҳһɲǣͻ˽
ĽߵĽűʵĲͬ
һܹɳ硣
ڣΪڵ绹СͻƽʵԾ󣬵պʱţԽԽ׳ǳǺӣĳΪһ棬ʱӵе᲻
Ϣʱָһ֮һֱ̤գʧˡ
ռһδε˺ѿռ䣬չŲơ
֮ǰһѪɫǳ
ǳ֮ϣûаһûǣǳ̺˸Ŀ˴ؾ
ǳǻҪ˽ʮֱ
ڹȥһٶλĴżǳλá
ԭҲΪԼͻƽҪ⿴ܲѰҵϵ
գǷ뷨Ϊûĸ⡣
ڣԼ磬ǰž޴ǳȻܱȴľӹԼ硣
ǳ˴㣬ٶȼ죬һŸ׹ǡ
¡
ֲıըֱǳڲ
ͬһͷϵ³һʼΧʯǺԽԽȡ
ʯ˹ҽ
̶ֳȵȣ⣬룬ʱѹҲ֮ԽԽ
ѹ֮ϣžžı졣
Ȼδһ·Ǳ˴صҲǳĺģ
Ѿҽˣϡн۳ɵľ޴غˡ
Щܶĺòϣž޴ǳȻγɵ¯ڸ¸ѹ֮±ұ˲֪꣬Ѿγһ޴ı
ޱȣͬʱڸ֮¶ڳ˽ӽҺ̬ܵĿ֪
һǿޱȵģĻҲɡ
񣬿ʼǳľеľȫڣʵ硭
ĳɳһḶ́൱ʱڣǳ¾硣


1956 һ֮
ʮꡣ
һꡣ
ꡭ
֮棬ǿǳĸȻʵǴδıֻܶʼ򻺻ĻصĹ켣
ʱ䣬ǳݻʷ˵̫ˣ̵ǳκθı䡣
ȻУȴһž޴ĺɫǣ⼸ʱ䣬췭ظı仯
һʼһ沼˻ԾĻɽŨĴͷԪ
ȻʱƣԪϡЩеĻɽҪô緢Ҫôš
ƺӵеʼݽˡ
ڽʮ꣬ǳƵƵı濪ʼִĿĵĴѺۣһ޴Ĺȣȵǻҡ
ֹȥʮ֮꣬Ҷʼȴ緢ĻɽԽԽ٣ĵòʼһɲ䡣
һ˥ϵı־
ĳţάʮʱ䣬һ죬ͻȻ䣬ǳĴȻ
κһε𣬳κһλɽ
¡¡
ر˺һĿĵľ޴ѹȻָ֣оǳһ˫ָˣ
ھ޴ѹ֮£ȵҽϡпҺӿʮߵľˣֱ
֮£һӰҽг
ϻ£ļӳź⣬ֽһĹڵĳͷһֱףɫ˿һ㣬塣
һͷ֮⣬ȫ㣬Ŀɡ֫ͷȳ
ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһǡôǵ̴ʦƷ
ˣ
ٶǰǳޣе֮
ľޣǳݻʷѹ˶̶̼
ᣬ˥ϡ
ǳû䣬ȹ̺
羫֮ɳԲʮСѾ˶ˮ׼ϳɳԽԽҲԽԽǿ
ûͣӰһ˸ֱ˺գٷˡ
һ֮ػǣڸĸ߶ȹʮʱ䡣
֮ĸĿУٴγ
֮·ϣͣЪ
ԺУǵһǳλãǳСǳƷߡ
Ҫǣǿǳ֮Ҳûһǣǳ߾ôǳϵȫˡ
ʮ֮Ŀĵء
һŽ󣬼ȫɸֽɡ
ֿ̫ޱȣĳЩڻ˿Һ۳СϪǽ
Ӱһֱӳ˽ǳ֮С
һεĿʼ֮
ӽԭһĹ̡
ĶţҲʱһ
һ·ߵڣѾٶˡ
Ÿոտʼãѡ֮·κߵ֮·֪ٱ
Դʵںϣͬޣ顷롶ʥ䡷ݣ
̣ʵҪͻ𾳣Ҫޱʱ䡣
Ÿ
֮鶼δҪںϽȥѶ֮Ϲʱκ˽δɹ׳١
¡
֮·ǳļįʱıչأסּįԼľֹˮ
˵򵥣Ȼ˱ϾʯǷ˵Ļûˣûй⣬ҲûСУֻҪʱ䣬ץ£ͻᾫ׷
ߵˣǵ湵ͨ顣
ڳʱ֮ʱ
ĸ֪ȫſգԺ˼Լһع߹·
һٶ֮ǳ֮Ҳɺˡ
һΣʱһЩΪøһ֮ٶҲ졣
ˣ֮Լ硣
ÿһ֮һǣڸĸ鼸ꡣ
ʱ䲻ϵš
ÿλȥʮ꣬ϰ꣬ԼĸĸڲϵĲϡ
ϻµķ˪һһԿ̡
ÿһλǵı仯࣬ǻ֮ĸĸѾʮ򸾣ʮˡ
ͻȻеػһ鸸ĸʱ䣬ҲǺܶࡣ
ƺעˡ
Լĸĸȷ˵ܶ࣬ͬģؼҵļҲҪȷӳ
ʵʶһ
ĸܻһǧ߰꣬ԼÿһӻؼһΣôټĸĴʮָͷͲˡûа취ÿһ֮ܰ;ϣ̫Ķȥ
Ĵ¥ľĴ齺Ρ
е񵱳ּҾ¥ĲãֻõĲࡣ
Ǹĸҡ
ҵԱߣһϻΪȸָĸǨӵʱǶ¡
ڣϻѾһС磬ʮɸߣƤϡ
紵ҶڶʱмƬҶƮ£µʯ֮ϡ
ڸԼĸ塣
ÿλԼĸȾƣĸһӼҳˣ˳һټ򵥵ļ硣
һΣҲˡ
Ī˵˲֪ĵرкܶ౦ҩζζ
½ȸҲҵֶʳģɹ͢ԪΪȪΪ֮ˮֵǣɫζȫļȡ
ûһʳܹĸ˵رζ
ǵζһܰһֻ䣬ǹȥµĺۼ
ǧǰǺͯʱּҾ¥ͰЩˡ
ڣЩ
Խʱ䣬ĸûǶӰʲôͬҲûЩȵζ
СʲôʱһϱûʲôԸˡ
ĸ߶߶˵ţͻȻ֮䣬Щᡣ
оĸ֮𣬶Ѿʼ˥ˡ
϶ߣҲ㹻ӳ񺣾磬ܹԸĵرٵѾǼޡ
֮ǻȥ˭Ҳ޷ı

ʱ䣬ֹȥİꡣ
ĸĸӲˡ
緲˵˹ϡ֮ꡣ
ǵıѾʼͣϵƸ࣬۾ҲѾǣѾձɽˡ
ʱ޶ĸĸλѾ׼ˡ
ҪĸĸĶȹ¡
ҲΪԼһһľš
תȻ˻þû쵽ܹ˵ӳű
̥ǣӳߵ˵ףϾֻ֮ǡʥ䡷ߣڶ֮⾳֮⾳򵽼º󣬴ĿǱĹ
ԣûһãᾡת


1957 ؼ
˹ɣǡ
ɫĽɫɫˣɿڵıǺ«˵ĸ衭
һǧһϳǣһƬľ
죬ɣУӭ˼ͬѰĿˣǱĸĸ
ʱһǧ꣬ɣǵѾ˼ʮˡ
ûʶûϵĸĸ˵Ĵ˵
֣Ȼᴫмʮꡭ
͸ĸѰһ߽ɣǣͱ޹ΣޱϤĽֵϣĸĸпǧ
һֱߵּҾ¥һǧĹŽ͸ĸļҡ
Ϊһֱ˾չ˺ݣּҾ¥һֱá
ֻЩߵǧķѾ
ʹţ¾˼·ˢҲ߲͸µζ
֨ѽ
űƿˣӳģǾ¥Ĵá
߲ʯ棬Ȼ¾ɣȴɨøɸɾΣһ統龰
ƺˣʱȥ龰
ʱ򣬾¥ɫɫˣкȾƵģȲģ˵ģƵģҵģġ
ʶüͣǺͯڴܣЩ˱ǳԡ
ˣһ
ĸۺᣬŹ̨ľӣָ꣬վŻҲСձñһ̣˱žĶˡ
ĸڳаæÿһãСͻ˳ȥζʮĺһϴëѲͳȥİӲˣѲˮϡ
ĸĸˣ¥סˡ
ǵļңλϣȹꡭ
¥Ӫҵĸÿڳһ԰æ
֮ңڣĸȴʼźΪʼյһˡ
Ըĸ˼УȴҲʼձ˳Ĭ
һգּҾ¥һˣһŮӣֻǶʮӣΪѾﵽ񺣺ڡ
Ů˾ͽ¡
ܴ½ܹһǧﵽ񺣺ڣʮֲס
ŶҪ
Ŀһ˾ͽ£ʵ֮е飬½ﵽµߣ㲻½Ҫȥأ۳ҡ
ǣ
˾ͽ֪ݣ÷׼֮ǰר
Ȼȴ΢΢ҡͷ㡭ˡ
Ϊʲô
˾ͽпһ£ע⵽ƺ̺һͱʹУһĪһ
򡭡ˣҡƬ磬һŮ˷סˣƲ
̾һ˾ͽȻ
죿ڵ类⣿
ͻȻܴ½תѵҲνġ족йô
֪ǵʲôȴܵĸоνġ족Ȼһƽ١
򵽵׷ʲô˾ͽ̲סʵ
֡򵥵Ļشͷ죬Ŀƺͨ˲ǿգ򣬡塭ѾƮҡ˰ɡ
⡭
˾ͽµɴһ˫ԭΪľʲôڲĴսû뵽Ȼ֣ѾƮҡ
ǰطǣתޣҲⳡйذɣ˾ͽʵͷ
ˣĸǲ֪ݣҲû˾ͽʡ
ҡͷǲ֪ûϵѪϵǲģҾǵĶӣû취ҵұøǣΪʲôػǣΪʲôҵӺ벻ܻΪʲôһӤػһ
֪ʵĻҵĸĸҲᰲĵġ
˵ţ˾ͽȻ
Ĭ˺ܾã˾ͽ²ĵʵǡûа취ô
֪ҡͷܻȥģҲ֮󡭡
꣬Լµޡ
ʥ䡷͡顷ںϣĳɳ˫ޣһеһУһ͵ģҪʱ䡣
꣬Ѿܶˡ
ץʱһУػʱ򣬲иʥǸµĻۣĿܡ
ꡭ
ʱ䣬˾ͽһЩɬ
ǿߣѾǼޣ˵һʱ䣬˾ͽ¸е
޷Խ񺣣ǸʱԼѾнľɰ׹˰ɡ
˾ͽµ˼ڵƬ½磬ֹһһ齢ٸͼȥһߣȻܷ򣬵аģͻ񺣲ѡ
˹˵ţ˾ͽвʣ֪ܷĻҲʲôɾͣǿԽ񺣣ѾǼޡ
ҧ촽ƺ˺ܴһݣǰܷ񡭡¶Ϊͽ
һ˾ͽ£վǻҡͷҴδͽ̫û꣬մ
ϵˣĶմȾͽܣҪʦΣΪͽܸ
ڣûоЩ
Ļ˾ͽһ˿ŨŨʧ
ʵԭͲϣ֪֪֮Լ츳½Ƕ⣬ǷŵУȴ൱ͨˡ
ͽҲġ
ǰˡ
˾ͽǿһЦٴһݣתҪȥ
ʱŲĸ¥˾ͽתҪߣһϲڵ˾ͽ˾ͽôˣ
͸ĸɣӵ飬ܶĴĸ߲㶼֪ĸû˾ͽ¾ȻҵȻĸһЩ˷ܵ롣
˾ͽ¿ĸæ񣬶ʱĸѾе˾ͽµ˵ʲôҪ˾ͽԷ
˾ͽһʱ֪룬ԥһ£ǻĵͷ
һټ磬ʼˡ
׷ҳˣ˫Ŀӣָһƣ׼ףһ¡
Ȼص˵ļңܺãźҲĵ͹¶
ϣ徻ͬʱҲϣ֣ȻܹüˣǶϲģϣġ
˾ͽ£ѡ
һٷڣĸϵĸ˾ͽ¼вˣЦݴͰ
Ե㣬СʱԵǴ㣬ֻϼҵǴ㣬ڣҪɣӣصĴ㣬һʣҪϵȵıǡ
ĸ߶߶˵ţ˾ͽȴ֪ĸ˵ġָҲְָ
ĸҲְ֪֪ǰԵĲ˶һģһ
˾ͽͷԼľƣɡ
ָЦǺǵ˵
ĸãЩȻҲģû¶˷ĵЦݡ
һ̾һһ
촽΢Ԫ˾ͽ£ֻʦͽƽʱʦͽƣֻҵĸĸһᴫڹ㣬һ컯֮һǻתޣ㣬ʱ뿪ɡ
ڳԷ˾ͽ£һþԡ


1958 ת
˾ͽˣȻĹϵֻʦͽһʱģĸĸ֪
ʵϣָĸУ˾ͽ£вͬѰ塣
ϣͬʱҲϣܹ飬Ҹ
Ͷϵᣬ˾ͽ鸸ĸֻϣĸܹһꡣ
ʱ䣬˾ͽ½ֻǽʺ˾ͽĹԼȥ
ڵҩҲеǣÿһҩ˾ͽԼȪȪ
ЧΪ
˾ͽ£ֻö̶ʮʱ䣬ͽӽˡ
ʵ츳ҲֻΪ½ȱʦУڲһУ˾ͽȻʲôɾָͣ£޵ʵѡ
żҲ˾ͽһֱǿᴫ˾ͽһЩ͸Ĺ
˾ͽһĲƬȻָ˾ͽ²ʲôܹӴ򣬿۽磬õһЩ
ÿʱ˾ͽ¾ͻüȫҲͷ
ܵԼеϣܹһ㶫⣬ȻЩ·ʵ̫ӣ˾ͽô򣬶Եõʾ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˾ͽĽȣĬĬ뿪
ʱ䣬ȥʮꡣ
ָĸӲϣϵЦȴԽԽࡣ
֮࣬˾ͽеʱ䣬ĸĸȥĸˣҲọָ́塣
һжгܰͥΪֲһ˿ȱ
ҲҪġ
һΪ˸ĸһȱ꣬ΪˣҪմȾһ˿Ҳûʲôϵ
ȥֹȥ˶ʮָ꣬ĸ˹ȣϽֶЩˡ
ûҪκˣÿˣ˾ͽ·ĸּ߳Ҿ¥ϤޱȵĽֵϡ
ÿʱĸߵúɢŲɹ̫һ
ָĸˣƷӣҲԹʳĤݵ꣬˾ͽ飬ܰҸ
һǸһûʲôźˡ
ڶ꣬ģʵָĸ̹
ߵʱϺЦνޡ
ĸȥҲΪһǧٶĵһһԲľš
ոĸԸĸ˳ɣɽϡ
󻯳ɳعأǴصԸ
ϰףɽɽ®ТΪĸТꡣ
˾ͽ£Ҳ£һͬТ
Ƿ־Ӷ®ÿΪɨĹ㣬ݡ
ӼΪѵ˾ͽ£ֹѵУҵһ
ʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ТҪ뿪ˡ
һ峿ɣɽĳɢҶϵ¶飬Ҳ֮
Ϊĸ𣬹ڵһݣҲһˡ
˾ͽ˵ԼҸʦͽϵѾ㿪ʼԼ·ɡ
ƽ˾ͽµĶУȴꡣ
˵ĸо֪һᵽҲ׼Ȼ֮ʱĪ㯡
ԭֱཻߣֻΪĸĸĳһʱ̣жݵٽҲֻٽѡ
ֱߵ죬ǻķֿнԶ
Ǽȶˡ
ôı䡣
ǣĵͷ
ôټɣԵĻ
˵䣬̤գ轫˺ѣֱӶУʧˡ
˾ͽ´վԭأþԡ
ָĸȥǰһ꣬˾ͽѾͻڣָ㣬Դ֧£˼ʵĸպҲ⡣
һУ磬ʱȴûиʲôϲõ飬ĬĬתصסĲ®֮УĹ˲š

Ƕʮȥˡ
λ棬һ֪һ˵Ļʳ֮У֪ʲôʱʼʳǵĽͷϣһССؤ
İСȫģ۾ȴ
ȻؤӲֻ֣ˣһˣǼʮꡣ
Сؤĳɳ쳣ҲΪؤԴû˻ע⵽
ֱһգͻȻڻʳʧˡ
ƿնȥ
ǶתЩ꣬ľΪԽԽԲΪĲ죬ǹȴڷٵľ
пٷУܿ죬һž޴ĺɫǳ֮Уһǳĺġ


1959 ػ
棬ޣ̫ˣ̺־׷Ѱĸǿǣβ롣
Ȼֱգûһˣܹ͸ȫء
治أ㡣
ȻҲ٣ϣȴʼմڡ
ƺبŲǿգû֪ʲôʱʼֵʲôʱ
Ϊµɱ֡ʱ䣬ԣƺûġ
ǧ£ָһӼ䣬ݵû棬κα仯
ȻᡢңȴڼǧУһٶˣĳʮΣЩ塢ϵǲ֪ٻأӷʷѾڳ֮Уģ㳹ʧˡ
ЩˣϵĶֻСޡ
׺ɣ±任ǡ
һյ磬һˣһͷ޴ĺɫޣһϵĳǳ֮⡣
УѾ޹Ǻ߽ܶ߱ǽǵĵطԿµİ߲
֮⣬Ƕһһ׵ϣη壬ǲҿȻк͵͵Ŀ
еӣɫװͬһֱıǹọ̺̀ͬζ
ߣͷ޸ע⡣
ΣһͷǣԴȴźɫǣе˵е
һһޣС
ʱǧʱ䣬Ѿ˵ת̤˵Ҳɳͬȫָ壬峤аɸߣԱһɽ塣
תֻصǣɣǡ
ɣڣȴ֣Ѿɣˣǽݡ
Χǽٶ·Ҳؿڳеģ˽̻Ի͵ĻʹȺ
ɣǣѾ˹Ļʶ
ʵϣ˹ҲĳˣǸĳء
壬úܶҲַ˹˹Ļ岻ᱻ߸
һ䣬һܵһĸ
ڣ˹Ѳܡ
˹ĹҲãΪܳ
ܳңΪ˹ҵ룬ǨɣǣɣΪݣΪĳУȻԱӻܳҵ
ЩѾˡ
ǣңϵ磬ʵѾԽԽǿ
ǵתʱɸоԼΪһƿ
ͨĹɡ
ʵɣӲͻƣҲѡ
ֻһУһҪǰ·
½ʱѾ㹻ˣóȥˡ
ȻҪ뿪ڵ磬ǰҪðܴķգңҪƿʥµػϱڡ
꣬ʥػϿգۣȻҲ
󷨣½λĿռͨ
߰ɣСڡ
˵ţͻȻڿն廯һֱ죬Ҳһһޣתۼͻ⣬ͻǵĴǿ֮⡣
Ƭûκγ֮ǿ֮Уȴָᴥ֮£ͬһ㵴ñ㸡ֳһ޴󷨣̫ͬͼһǽɫһǺɫ⾳
ֻأѾԼ
ĬƬ֮޴ͼָÿһεնƺһ֮ʣ޴ͼ֮
γһӵʱ䣬ͼͻȻԽԽͬһһ㡣
һĻһ󷨣Ѿ⿪ˡ
󷨱쿪Ŀռͨò𽥸ı䣬Ҳ֮ǰȻͬ
ʩչ̥Ǿ⾳֮ʩչѾԸıϢͬȫһˡ
ˣ֮ǰʥ걾ԴͨתĹУ겨Ҳһ˿仯˵ﵽ̥ˡ
ҲԼʵδȫɳ֮ǰػʱ
һУ̤Ǵһʥµ󷨣ûоκζ
ͨϽĿռֻͨҵڶԣЩҵͬ΢һ΢
ֻǣڿռ籩пٴеʱȴǳƽ
֪ȵռͨľͷͻ֤ǧһС
һֱпֺ֪֪Ľ

ռתоǴһˮĤ
̤ƬϤİǿյʱһģٸн
ǿգƬǿգϢƺˡ
֪һῴģȻ˵龰
Ʋסеĸ飬ٴ˺ѿռ䣬ʼռŲƣȣҪȥ칬һۡ
ȻѾϵ˿ܵĽҪۼ֤
֪ǧꡢСħɣĺӣ𡢺𡭡ǣô
ִĿռ䣬칬ڵ磬ʵò˶ʮܸϵ
ȴ¡
µʱ䣬ĸ֪ɨ˺ܶط
౻ݻٵǳǵѾֻʣƬΧƳһƬں嫵ĿĵƯ
ǳ֮⣬Ÿࡣ
ܶţͬǵɽɵһˡ
ЩҵżϣʥֵʱǺε龰
ӣͲʥĶ֡
Щüľѣһʥأʻᱻʥ˲
һ˵ٵһͨʥأƵɳǰ򵥡
֪徫Ӣκƽв
ʣģֻͨڡ
Щˣ̫ˣףǱ鲼ǧĸֽ䣬С磬ʥ岻֮ܽɱ
ֻҪУЩ˾ͻûκηļһ㣬ʥȦūۡ
ڣ칬ڵ档
Ȼ׼Ŀ칬ַʱҵ𵴣ǰ龰е˸Уһ˿
칬ˣ֮е飬ţȻ칬
칬ľַϣЩʮɽǳȫʥռˣһԴĵرӵзԪıأʥȻὫݻ١
ｨʥţܶʥĵнţһٵľǼ̳칬ǧĻۣ
ūԭ칬ɽϵޣǿѱԼޡ
ĿҩҲʥ⿪ĵرһա
ԭߣ˱ɱ֮⣬ܶ˶ʥūۣǻǱɿ󹤡ҩۣͣǱɲ
Զڰ֮⣬ĬĿһС
ãĬĬ뿪ûκκۼ
ǿһ⣬ȫٷɳۣս˫ȭָѪ֮С
ԼʧȥģһӱҪ


1960 ·
ʮ췢ʲôƽ٣·ı䡣
塢ʥ塢壬ƺҲʮ˴˶ûཻ̫
Ѿˣ޷ʹãѰԼ·ĿռڣƾʵǱ·
ػ·ʱ֣·Уʥߵࡣ
·Ĺ۲죬ֺܶʥῡڴнʥһʱڣģǲµӽ·
ʥ壬ƺѾҰĲ
ûȥһУڻ·ʱڴоĵȴ
壬˴ĵĵصף·֮
ڵĸܵ·磬羹мƣ·˵·磬Ҳ磿
лͷڵǺεȾ磬ţԼδܻ߳һ
·̺֮ۻ磬ȻԼ֮£ա
飬ʼ·֮ĹɣָһУѡ
ЩһḶ́񣬼ʮʱ䣬ת۶
õĸЩ뵽Լ統С
ʱҲٽʱˡ
뿪˴ģǰ·
μҪʸƣһνʸǴĽŪġ
ҪõһʸƣҪķѲپȻѶȲ󣬵Ը˷ʱ䡣
ʵѾ㹻ǿ󵽿ԽһţĿŵĽʸĵز
ҹڸ߿֮Уĸ֪ɢ·ĴƬ򣬺ܿ죬ͷһ֧פ޺һ֧ʥĶ顣
ʮʥ壡
ǵӵʸƣǽСղأҲûӳĸ֪
Цһͬҹһ㣬ϢĽˡ
һȺʥߣǵʥ֮дϢʥ֮⣬ڷڡ
ڵˣȻ֪俪ȫ˷Բ򣬿ǵٵʱǻȻδ
ž
һ죬ڵһֱӵȥ
ʥ߱ˣǴ˯зҪȥֽеıȻʱһ죬ʥķֱ֣ӱˣ
ţǵеһֻоһɾ紵һͷɫҰޣԵħȮؿϣ

ֱӷصײǽϣһѪ
ɲǼ䣬ȫˣ
á
Ⱥ˵еĴŭǸϮǵޣһͷģĲ֪ޣͷϣһǡ
µģ޵ˣʮˣȻûܹӰͬҹеո
ÿһ˸ûκοռ䷨ĲȴôУƾղˣֶԷѾĵز
֮ǰԷ˺ʥֵĿµе
ֿӣϢţΪǡ
ǴȻĴֻһȻֹʵϣһȥʥߡ
֧ʥСӣһʮˣɱ
һصʬ壬ĬȻǰӲɱ޹ɱ֮ˣȡ֮
һΣһɱʮʥߣΪ˲й¶ϢȻй¶ȥԼҲ̫ܱ𴩣Ҫһܡ
ɱЩˣûʲôΪ漰սʱ򣬱û޹ߡ
򣬽еʬգһҷ
ҵԼҪƣܶûõĶˣʥҲۼ
һкͬһֻ޴һ㣬뿪Ƭҹա

ĵص㣬λ·һƬޱ޼ʵĺΪ޺
޺ޱȣɲ⣬޴ǳ޺ҲԱû
У׵ѹ󵽲
˵Ѿûʲôܹѹ޺ά֣Ϊ޷
µȣҲ޺ֲĺޣУͬʵĺ޲٣У޺һͷ񼶵ĳޣк޵
Ĵ˵֮£˻޺ǡӡ
һ죬޺Ͽޱ֡
޺
޺ϣи̿ۺ̨ںƽϣ·˷ߣڴˣۿⳡ·ʢ¡

ĺϣˮֿһͷɽһ޴ӺˮиΧˮӿ£ֱͬµٲ
һʱ䣬ۺƽ̨ĳˮĴúܶۺ̨ϵ߼վȡ
٣챱ıڤ챱ޣȻѪе覴ãҲһݣȰ벽𣬻Ҫǿ࣬û뵽챱ΣȻñڤ򳡡
ڹۺ̨ϣ˵˵ţǱڤľ޴ſ˴죬УһɫĹĻ챱ĵӣͱɫĻ֮С
һͳһŷΣӢ˲һž
ʵЩˣֻʶģĽϾʸĿޡ
챱Ҳ˱ǮҲЩ꣬·ʮʥ壬̫ľӢ㳲ĸоŪľԽԽҡ
һΣ˵ʮʥɳ˺öˣ컯ʥ
컯ʥ֣ܶ·϶һ˿΢ļɵ֮ɫθĲ·΢΢ü
컯ʥˣʥһ䡪컯ʥʡ
컯ʥʵ̫£˴ţѾʮĵһ֣һֲĹںϣױȵ
˵䣬һķ
һֻģֱɶ£ݵıϣһɫ۵ϸˣϸŽɫͷȣһ֮ƺ̺˼ѹʱȻ
ϸ˵򾲾վżŮӣһɴͬŮ
ѣ·𣡡
ϸ˺󣬺ܶȻ·Ȼ·ʢ£Ͼӵʱ𼶱Եģǲǵĵ֡
ɼӡ
ԴˣЩ꣬ʮʥķͷ̫ʢˣ·ıԽԽƴˡ
Ƿӿ֪ûܹﵽٷ֮ʮɶȡ
˵׼컯ʥĿУп˴ﵽ̶ֳȡ
˵ţûע⵽һ£۵ĬĬľڹۺ̨ϡ
ɫһʣ롣
ĳһʱ̣ͻȻתͷ޺ĺƽߣоƺһԼʶ˳ˡ


1961 ֮
޺Զĺƽϣһɫս׵ӻĸߴ󣬱Żɫ磬緢
ΪѾ˴⣬ٽ벽
ԭΪĴ£ʲôڳ߱˵ˣ𶼲ֹһ
ǣĳ֣ȴһЩͫ΢΢һȻǶ꼫Ϊɵ
Ȼ
ĬĬ˵꣬ΪϤǡ컯ʥӣ
컯ʥڵΪչٶȣҪ죬Ҳ֮Уһ컯ʥ;ͱ컯ʥ޷򣬱򵥲֪١
ټҪתޣȻ޵ʱ򲻴ƿҲɱĵ̫ʱ䡣
컯ʥӣȻҲˡ
ţʵһὫ컯ʥɱȻʱ
ʱͻȻɫһ䣬֮컯ʥµĺƽ棬籩
һʱ䣬͵ӿ캣ϯأһɫӺ𣬾һѪգ
Ѫյܣ޺ĺˮֱӷˣˮڶϣγһƬƬƶ䡣
ֲɢ֮ǰ޺ޣЩηˣηηȴƺԺеѪգ˼ɵ
ǡ
ܶ·һʱ䶼ˣǴˣδܹµϢ
Щ˵УԭĬԵһɲǣͷ߳亹˲˺ѿռˡ
û˱ǸɫѪǡԨħģ
ôܣ
Ծޱȣôѵ컯ʥҲˣ
ס˺컯ʥʣ̥Ǿܼս
Ͼ컯ʥ潻棬תԼһ컯ʥʵĸ֪
ţԣ
ͻȻ䣬һѾѪɫԲ򣬵ӻϿѪɫԲҪ֮ǰĻС̫ࡣ
ĵı壬ֱǳ
ǰѪɫԲ򣬴ֱֻѣνС׼ס
ңѪɫԲϢȻʵ˺ܶ࣬ȻĻġ
컯ʥʣҲѪɫԲϣƺʵʲٿ컯ʥӡ
СһѪɫԲ򣬸òǡĵĺɣ
ԺжȻͷбһѾޱȿ£ܲĻǼֱ
ĵԾɣôȥҲ涼Ҫɹˣ
Ƕʲô
޺ϣĲʵ
Ǻܶˣǵһμôֲ
ԭǿ޾Ѿ޵Ȼ˵޺һͷĳޣ˵ֻǴ˵˭Ҳ
ǰµĶȻ޶η壬ѵ񼶵Ŀ´ڣ
ǻģ
һĹۺ̨ϣ˹˵ŻĵĿУ˸ŵâ
ô꣬뿪Ѿã֪ʥΣ컯ʥʵʵ׵ʲôز
ģǸ˵еģ컯ʥʵķ
ٲ·ߣҲ˵컯ʥʵ飬ԭʮĴ¡
ټôʥǰ·ܶ˶ʥ컯ʥǸʲôҲ֪ķںڰԨĻġ
׼ȷ˵ǰǻĵķǧ̫ණԴ꾫Ѿʼɵٶȸ죬ɳٶҲ졭
ѵ˵
ɫһ˺ܶණԴ꾫
Щֻ
ܣ컯ʥʽźƽٽ٣̾Ϣǽʼʱⳡϯ̫ĴսΪ˸ṩϡ
ʥ壬ûôණιģ컯ʥҲԼ忪ԣ컯ʥֻ档
һ㣬ս˫ȭݽҧ
κƽ٣֪жս֪Ŵлҷ
ܶ˱ɣΪĵһ֣ҲգĲٲҡ
ܣЩͬҲᱻʥ廿ιġ
ʥ֮£᳹Ϊˡ
ЩĿͻȻԶ컯ʥӣɱû
ʱ컯ʥվڻĵıϣϹŵЦݡ
۷һս컯ʥӱ仨ˮĴܡ
Ǻʥ컯ʥǧ磬ڴҪôսҪôǧ磬컯ʥӿνս޲ʤ޲ˣݺᣬһԭشģҲָҵ˱ĿС
ΪҪǧ꣬ͻ
ң컯ʥʻһĵķ
ֻҪںϣ컯ʥӵʵǻһľ硣
ʱгǼļ֮⣬˭赲
£컯ʥͷޱͨ컯ʥӵҲǸߵ˻ĵķȫ
컯ʥӺЧĹУѾ߱˾ǿʵʱ򣬾Ҫʵչ¶˾η
ڵʥ壬Ѿӵʱ
緢컯ʥӣȫûע⵽ĳۺ̨ϣһĬĬעԼ
ĿȻ̺ſµɱȴģκ˸ܵ
ΪĻ磬ѾԶڳˣûܷ
ʼɡ죬Ψһǣ
컯ʥӴЦ
ܶ·ı컯ʥţҪȴûе
ǵȷʵȲ컯ʥ
ʱ컯ʥӽ£ĵѪ⻺ѿһʯ¶һȺʥ忡ܣ
Щʥ忡ܣʥ컯ʥǲμĵӡ
컯ʥӱˣѾڲμˣΣֻߡ


1962 
ת˲ǧ꣬СҲܶһˡ
һ·ĳ߿컯ʥӣп˵ǧĸ˵ǧʱ䣬ȷʵת˲
Ȼ컯ʥ˵ǧ꣬ǳɳһµľ硣
컯ʥһˣӻĵ컯ʥһӣһۺ̨ƾճ֣е컯ʥĵӡ
Щ컯ʥ˽ܣǲòϣ컯ʥȷʵ£ԭ컯ʥ͵̷Ƿʥֻ壬Ӷ˴Դ컯ʥѾĳΪʮһ˰ɣ
ܶ·ߣ컯ʥĿһŨŨļɵ
ʱ򣬷
еƲʱֿһ޴н١
֮ϣվһʳŮӡ
ŮӣһϮˮɫĳȹĳг׿ԼģòǲǶôڣھɫŮߵУرˡ
ϸ˫ĿԲ԰׵ò˵ĸоͬµһһ㣬̺һ׽ζ
ȻŮӵʱȴһע⵽ŮӵķϣƯƺķȻУȴŲͬѰ塣
ëһַǳϤӦ˵ǿ̹ĵĸо
ǾǡƮ
꣬Ʈ׷ɱ·ţ󱻱ƶ·ֱʥ١
ӣƮ״ӣҲǵһӣ
ӣ컯ʥӶˣʥĽܣһӾ͵
ʥͷ̫ʢˣһһ˽ܳûĸܸˡҲǵ̨ˣƮɽ컯ʥ°екô˰ɣʥ壬̫ˡ
۷׷ףȴע⵽һʥĽܡ
˭ʥĽܣ
ʵ
Ŷ㲻֪ʥĽܾʥĸڵӣǷֱ컯ʥʵ״컯ʥӣƮ״ӣ״ӡպа£
ʥô˽ôʣ࿴һӣԷΪǰ벽𣬱컯ʥӻߡ
صŮӣġ
֮ǰ˵ֵʵĽµĻ컯ʥӺӣڰպа£ֻǿǲаˣպа£ΪˣǿΪƣʥĽܣʵϣǵʵҲ컯ʥӺӻǿһء
ڼǧǰǳʥĴսУʥĽܣսպգǰպа£˺ܶţһնɱˣڵʱѾɳˣ컯ʥӺӳɳȴһǧ顣
ϲ˵ţ֮󣬲ɫֻǰ˰պаµ֡
һʵ·֮꣬ǰҲ˵ƺҲж֣սô
Ҳҡͷ˵ҵ˴ʮ̾ϢǽķʱˣǻǱʥ׷ɱɣ˭֪أ飬ǰƺиţģôҲ֤ѾԼŶסʲôδ
ŶҲ˵ȷʵôһϢҲҪʥôΪᰲȫܶࡣ
ǧȷ˿е㻳Щ˵˵ʥΪ˶ϾԳֵģ֣ô֮ǰ˴ǲڲõĽɳв컯ʥʵĵزҿǹƨʷû˾ˣʲôˣ
лл˵Ѿ˽ԼҪĲϢֻǹ徫ɵǡ
ʱͻȻ䣬޺˿񱩵ķˣһɺƴçϢƾս١
죡Ͼ£ѹѹŨƣͬīһ㣬ģƺвƼ䴩Ȼǿµ۳ɵȻ
֮䣬µƺҪһ㣡
֪Ҫˡ
컯ʥӴЦȻӣұΪҴˣⳡˣû뵽ƮɽҲ֣Ǿһ°ɣ
ʥĸϵʵҲǱ˴˾Ĺϵʥԭͱ˴˲ϣǵ״ʥĽܸˡ

ӵ˵ƺΪ⡣
վĸӣһŮһģͷ϶ıǡ
ʱ֮Уһ޴ѷ죬ڵԨ֮У˸
ѷѸٵſ뺣ģЯźƺƻ֮籡
µ˸оȫѪ궼ǣˣԽӽǵʱ϶ʮո˵ῡܣȴʱѷûȫ֮ǰһֱڳȥ
Ӱ˸ͬý֮д
ʮˣƮɽ컯ʥ
ڿ͵֮Ужһӣͣ˷籩֮УƮɽĸӣֵǣһ˿ЦݣӰһţֱͶ˿µķ籩֮С
Ѿȥˣ
ܶ˿ž޴ռѷ챳Ǹδ֪磬ȴ޷ǰ
ֱûȥķڣû˺ɫѷ֮С
Ҳ˳۵ģѷ֮Уʼգûʲôע⵽

ӵʸῡܽ뵽֮컯ʥķˡ
󣬻ĵķӺиִѪ֣컯ʥӰ
ĵѪѿ컯ʥ˶˻ĵڡ
컯ʥӽ֮󣬻ĳŵ˺һϢˡ
컯ʥɫ磬ŻĵѪγɵͨߵ˻ĵĺģһѪγɵķ䡣
ⷿʮֿмΪĺ̺ľ齺˿֯ɵʺͱڴһԣĵرơ
ֻ䣬ʼһѪζҲڻ䶯ţʮֲ
컯ʥڷ֮Уóһֱ飬һʱ䣬󷨵Ĺâɢڰγһģס
ף̺һݵѹֱӡ
컯ʥʣ
컯ʥʵ׳֣ԭ컯ʥҲһ񣬶վ
⣿컯ʥ˿顣
ػ£һ˳ѾʼƮɽҲˣ֮⣬ûʲôֵעĶ֣Ȼ񣡡
š컯ʥʳһƮǸŮˣӦû֪飬εɼǴҪģһҪҵ
ף
컯ʥ֣صĻش𣬶ʱ󷨵ĹâѾ컯ʥʵͷӰʧˡ
âȫɢ֮컯ʥһ¶΢ЦҪҲҪ컯ʥĵӴʣȫĺô


1963 ٷ֮
ǵڶΣ硣
·µż˼תΪ̤֮Уܸ
ĸеԼƺͬѪϵһ㡣


ƺԼĺֺƵʣڵĪϵ
Χռ֮Уһ˿˿д֮ҲԷӿ֮У磬ڿٳɳɳٶԶǰ
ޱȡ
顷޵ľ棬۴磬Ļ顷ãȻȡʥ䡷
ֻ֮ͣУЩд֮Լ磬ܵõĺôɼ֮ˡ
ĸǰ
ʱֻһʮֻ޴Ӱɱ
ɵҲػߡ
Ϊ⣬ƾЩӰϣȻһ̣һöö޷ĴɢЩӰڷĵ֮£һʧˡ
ת͵һ硣
֮Уïܵɭ֣ɭǱľޡ
֪һɨ֪Щ޵ʵλá
Щĵһ㿼飬һ޲Ŀ飬䣬ΪֻԵʵ
ʵģ츳ٸߣҲȥ
꣬ʱ򣬾һĿҲǳɣѾǽ⣬һ㣬׾١
Ҫһȥɭо顭
ɭǰͣˣ۾ǰïܵɭѾˣǻһƬ޾޷ġ
ԣܾҲãҲãԱһۿʣЩǷĶѡ
֮дһ죬Ǿޱȵڲ󷨣Ⲩάת
һָ
ž
һıָ飬ɢΡ
ֱָĳģǸı˷ĵλúй켣
ʮ֮󷨺¡¡
һ̣ɭֻˣ
֮УЩ޵ӰҲ֮ҷʲôû¡
ȡ֮ģһתȦȦУб̲һӿţγһɫľ档
΢΢һЦǵڶڡַʽֱͨһ㣬ҲǶĿ顣
̤ǣֱ˵ڶ㡣
ˮʶʱ淺һĸ֪֪Լͨһɶȡٷ֮ʮ
һξʱĳɼһģһ
ٷ֮ʮѾǵһɼ
ţѾ̤ĵڶ㣬εĵڶ㣬һ
һƬĻĮ̤ڶһ˲䣬͸ܵڷѹơ
һɲɿܵ硣
һʱ䣬ε繹һ㱡Ĥӵе˴롣
Դڹϵʵѹơ
ԽǹߣѹƵıԽߡЩѸߵĸΪܻᱻѹǧ֮ŰپʮţܷӳʵСҪ
ԭмǧˣ⣬˴ת
ʥʱҲΪתĴڣӵױȵ
תߵĹٶȷǳҡʥ䡷ǸеĹĹԼת
ĵڶռ䣬Ϊд⣬κΣնߡ
ǰ㣬һʮڵļӼ򵥣ûκѹ
ܿ˵ƽ֮⣬ֵĽš
ţأͬɽһ޴ͺأ
ŲͣɢâתţҲΪϤǡ֮š
Ŀˣÿһζ𣬵Ƿ֮ȴʼմڡ
еߣҪ֮ͨŵĿ顣
ߵ֮ǰģӴ֮Ҵ֮
һѾͨ˷֮ŵѶȣһ֪ΣĹڶܳԽһĳɼǱʲôҲòҲ˵һǽѶȲԵĻͺˡ
ܲҽкĿɡ
ţʼڷ֮µȴ
֮ţҪμĴ֮󣬲
ٶ̫ˣڴһ㶼ûһ룬Ѿ˵ڶ
ʼϢ磬һӶ˷ѣƬռд֮Լ硣
ʮʱʱ䣬Ÿܵ߿
Ը֪΢΢һɨȴ֣ӽкü
һұ̵ƿն۵ǰˣһŮӭŮͷϴһ̵棬
ŮӣʱӸڵʱһŮĸӣŮӣǸŮӡ
վλãͿԲµĸƮɽӵĺ
Ʈɽ֮⣬컯ʥĵҲˡ
컯ʥҴҵŪƣҲʹ컯ʥĵĿ˶ʮ
ôῡܾۼһΪ׵һӣʱһƺ«ţһƯķ̺֮ϣϹŵЦݣΪ࣬һ˫С۾һƺҪ˯ˡ
ע⵽ƮɽľҲˣƺûѶԷϡ
ϾҪ֮ˡ˵
ǣӲͬΧ컯ʥӶǳľ񡢻
ţҪǵǲҪõ˵ĽҪҵҪĶ
Ӻһھƣ΢΢۾һâ


1964 ʱ֮
컯ʥƮɽĵٽʱ΢΢һһʱ䣬ӰŤռ֮Уȫʧˡ
Ŀռ䣬ҪŤʱգһ׵飬ƾ޷ſ
ʦ֣ǹȻȵġ
컯ʥһӿŷ֮ǰһ˵龰Ц˵˵Ĵʦ֣컯ʥΪ׵Ǹӡ
ĶӣΪĵʲôֵý飬ǳ컯ʥ࣬˴ϣܵһǸɴؼұˣңƮɽĵҲˡ
˵ţ۾Ƴߣһұ̵ƻʵķƮɽӵݡ
ƮɽĵӵִֻǵĿһ컯ʥĵӣԾ£һԣʼϢˡ
ʱƣԽԽߣ֮ӿ
ѡ߾£Ĳʱ򣬲Ϣĳ֣ûע⵽ͻȻôһ
ֺ󲻾ã޴ķ֮ͻȻâʢ
¡¡
֮Ŵһ϶֮ۻϢͬˮһӿ
д𣬷֮ŵҪʼˣ
·һΪҪĻڣ֮ṩĽʮַḻ
Ҵ￪ʼĳɼᱻǿǿ
֮£ų״ˡ
ڣһƬޱȵǿգǿ֮Уĵʱ֮ţһſ
ĵʱ֮ţӴСֱ˼ѶȣؼѶȣ켶ѶȣѶȣ
֮ŵѶʮֱ̬תʥҲ켶ѶȰˡ
ڿˣ
ʼɣԽСʱ֮ţѶȷԽ൱Ҫѡ񣬴ҶһЩУ
һЩоŵڽܷ֮ŵ顣
ܶӣĿⲻɱעӵλĵ֮ұߣǸСʱ֮ϡ
Сʱ֮ţְɫһתѪУһɹ˾µϢл
ڳߣֻǿо˿µѹ޷ʱֱӡ
ˣ˻Ÿܽȥġ
һ·ĵӶļʦ䵭˵
ܽȥģǧǰһͨ޼Ѷȵʱ֮ţ⴫˵ô
ͻȻ֣һʱ䣬ڳߣЩݡ
·Ĵ˵ҲʮΨһһУɶȳٷ֮ʮˡ
һ֣ܵܶˣԸš
˵ġ
˻˵
еգһʱЩţǵУû˸ѡѶȣ켶Ѷȣȴ
ѡѶȣͨ࣬ࡣ
ʦ֣Сˡ
컯ʥһ˵˵ʥ壬ʥŶԣһ˲֡
ǵǰ컯ʥӣǱ仨ˮ
٣˵Σˡ
Ӵʦִ˵һʱ䣬Ƿ׷תͷ
бڷ̺ϣĴֽóһӣֻ۴СΣˣһǾƷĵر
˵ʱ򣬲ϵŹӣЩȥţͲˣ츳Σ岻˵һɵƣʥΪȻЦˡ
ʥɱסֻΪ˷ֹж𱣻ԶУҲˡ
˵ɵˣиоͬΪϧУֻȴࡣ
ƶʵģţǲԸⱻ˳Խһ̫£ӰʱȻŶԷúˡ
ˣϻˣѡţ
Ӵʦһ֣컯ʥĵǷ׷Լѡ
ѡģǵؼѶȡ
ѶȣѾ˲ˣܶ·ĵӣֻѡ˼Ѷȡ
ʱҲˣѡĺȻ켶Ѷȣ
ǵʥСħѡѶȣѳ̶ȣɼһߣ
Ȼʥ켶ѶȣǴɣӿûָԼɣֻҪһ֣ǾͿˡ
ѡ֮ƵĿһƮɽĵӡ
ƮɽΪ׵ĻŮ˿ûƣҲѡ켶Ѷȡ
˼
ǹһ˿Ц⣬ζ˵
Ƿ׷ѡû˸ҸӺͻŮӵĽŲֻѡ˵ͼѶȡ
ʱȴٳûѡ
ĵʱ֮ţ΢΢üĸ֪Ѷȵʱ֮ɨȴûзʲô䣬ʱ֮ţһ߹һһģһ
ۿžųɾŵѾѡˣ֮ŵҪʼˣ̤Ųòѡˡ
ʱͻȻ䣬֮ٴ⣡
غ¡¡֮ǰӾңǶľ֪ʲô顣
ǣ
Ĵ죬ڰɫ֮ұߣͻȻѿˣ
ƾճ֣ϵתѵչһµʱ֮ţ
ʱ֮ţȫѪɫԭС֮ŻҪСһأֱֻ֮ŵ֮һС
һʱ䣬˶ɵˡ
ʲô
ԭֻĵʱ֮ţôͻȻһ
һţеʱ֮ŶСѵѶȣ֮Żߣ
иոջͷͻȻɫ԰ף
ΪСʱ֮ţ˿µϢӰ꣬㾫ܴ֮
æתͷȥųһ
һʱ䣬Ƿ׷ױܿĿ⣬ٿˡ
£
ֱ̲ħһš
˿֮ǰĲ²⣬ģ
ôһţܽô
֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱһܻ𡪡
ڶأ
Ƿ׷תͷֻ֮ǰŹӵӣһѽʣµļŹˤ˵ϡ
Ǹ֮Ѿûܽˣë߸ѶȵģĴӡ
ֵ˵ţȻ˵ӲĽǾ䡰ӽˮ˰ɡ̻˶
ҲʵΪ·ͷ̫ʢӲҷɻ䣬⵽ĳͷ
˵䣬һʱ֮ŵĹâԽԽǿңִĿѪɫֻ÷·ǿ˵ѹֵ޷
Կһֻۣûʧһ㡣
£һģӰ߽һʱ֮ţȻѪ֮£ûлῴ
Һ񡭡߽ȥˡ
һ·˫Ŀᣬȷ˵
ʵǿ󣬺ֺǿǿŶ࿴˼ۣ㿴ƺһģӰʧʱ֮С
ۻ˰ɣⷨˣ˭ҽŰ
ˣȥˣҪôɱҪôǰ׳գ
һһ˵ţʱǿÿһʱ֮г
ļӳ֣ɿܣߣӦʱ֮ž˽ȥķ֮ţ¡¡Ĺرˡ
֮ʽʼˡ


1965 ֮
ʱǧ꣬ΪѡһѶ͵֮·һֱڲ߷壬ʵٶȲ죬ֻ˵йоء
һȫδ֪ķ֮ţӿһǧǰ֮УҲΡ
һԹŵջͨʣʧããƺ
̤˹ջ
ջ֮ϣд·˵ѹԽߣѹԽǿ
ʮ֮ڣԴתһɹĿϢ
Щѹգأˣܵѹࡣ
ȻԽջߣѹԽǿģоѹ֮£·ȫĹѪѹʵĽŲĺó
ԨƺĶͷ߳ܵĺ顣
ϥջ֮ϣܵѹԴ档
šǡ棬ѹ֮£˲ظ졣
΢΢üһתʥ䡷ҲͬʱתһϢӿ档
˫ۣǧֻ̬أָ꺣лģо棬סѹѹ֮£ϵѹʵ
ԭ棬չǧﷶΧ
ڸղŶ̶̵֮УӲıѹһﷶΧǧŰ
ֱ仯һϲСˣҲܣһȻʵûʲôߣǶδչȴкô
ģоѾӦѹվǰ
żǰٶҲÿоܲסʱϢ
ÿһεϢʮʱʱ䡣
类ϵѹ
ȵȫ߹ջŵʱ磬ѹŰʣǧһʱμʱҲȥʮ졣
ջľͷһĹŴ½Ƭ½һš
Щţ߼ʣкʮ취ҲǴ·㵽Ŀ飬֮Ϊ֮ŵԭ
꣬ߵŴ½ϣЩһһлûʮ۳ĵˡЩһһ֮еĽųȥֻʣһţſ֮󣬳һɫޡ
ʱֵĺɫޣ̤Űɫף˫ۡźصҲǵĿ飬˶Էǹ֮ͨš
һΣ̤ķ֮ű֮Ѷȸߣ֪ʲô
ΪתĹʵС˺ܶ࣬ҲμӴ˴ʱռơ
޾ĽɫȴûпƬŴ½ڲȫת˼£ȴŽļս
ôɫ֮ͬʱɣпеĵ˻һһҵս
Ȼû뵽ǣƬ֮ЩɫĴȫȥûе˳֡
ţ
в죬ȥƬ½ֻʣһš
ϴμӷ֮龰ҲΪơ
ֻͬǣʮ취Ŀˣֱһأ
ôյĴ֮Уʲôأ
߽š
Ÿߴɣء
֮ϣƿŹϵĸһЩ֮󣬾ҲƲˡ
Щ̺һݵħɼĸȴƺһټ棬оֻǿ⸡񣬾ǿһʵ硣
棬ǿսʿлصб磬СĶħ
ЩħеĴǳеСɰǶĳֻɵĸϣ˸о˼顣
Щħĸо⸱Ƶ龰ӦǹʱǻͶħս龰
ʱ򣬴ͻȻˣ
µ⣬Ӵмķ϶֮֮նأ
ʶ۾ĸ֪ʱܿʼһء
һֱȫ۶ȥȴһжʧˣһƬɫĿռ䡣
ָоͺƴ֮зӡһ磬֮罵٣Ҳ֮С
޾İɫ֮УһӵıӰ
վƺصΨһ
ⱳӰӰһʵˡ
ôⲽ
ӵһɲǣס˺ȫѪҺڣӣо档
һʱ䣬һֲɶƵͷӿͷ
ͻȻףˣпܱǡ·ˣ
ľ벻ʮԶĸܵϴϢ
ģת壬ƺ˵ӫ⣬ģӫ֮У˸
ӵǰ΢΢ϣһתǺӡ
ǺӣƮãƺ̺صı仯
ʱӸ˵ĸоͷ·ķ֮Դʮġ
·ˣ·ˣ
һʱЩ£Ȼӿ˵ӵױ·ˣվԼǰͬһ㡣
ѵ·˸ԼĿ飿
꣬޼ѶȣԵտ飬Ǻɫޡ²⣬ɫޣʵ·˵ķֻһ
ڣ޼ѶȸߣӦ˵Ϊרſһ֮ţ֮еĿ٣Ȼ·˵ı
·˵Ļֻ񼶡·˱ȴѾԽ񡭡
ǰ
һһʵµǰӣܲ·˵ȫ壬·˵µһƲ
ԼʲôĿ飿
Ҳ


1966 ۵
꣬Ժɫ޿ٵʱǳ˶Էй
ô·ԽеĿ飬Ҳսô·˵ı֣ǸûǺ龰
лͷۿ˵ĽΣ⿼˱ԼԾһĪĻԵˡ
ʱ·ˣ
עʵ˿֮Уһ˫۾ޱȡ
͸˫۾ƺܿһλ棬
ڣ˫۾УȴӳĵӰ
ĵӰһ澵ӣ̬ϸĿ̻˳
ģ·ߵǰ
ʱ·˾ֻһԶһԲֻĬĬĿ
·ϲûɢʲôƣ˵ĸоͨ죬ȴӶԷϸܵһ
֪·˵ڣӵе档
ǷͻȻǿ֮УǿʱܵκѹҲܵǿյϢǽͻᱻĺ𺳣
סĵȴ·˸Ŀ顣
ʱ·֣ڿУָΪʣһεӡǡ
ӡǻѣһСߣͷβγһԲ·ٶָֿһۼ
·˲ϵĿӡǣЩӡǣƯţԽԽˮһ㡣
ģЩӡƺںһ𣬸Уһǰ·˵ָ塣
Լڵת£ȴԿЩˮһӡǣʵγһöһöķģ
ķģ
·ˣ˵ķģȻΪ׼ġ
һʱ䣬ˡ
Щģ˵ԼԾ·˸ԼĿ飬ʵֱӶԾǷ۵
·۵
һо
û뵽Ŀ˷ʽ
˵һ޴սͬʱҲѵõĻᡣ
·Կµķģ֣
ʱ·Ѿͣ˱ʷ棬˫ֱ󣬿ȴ
һԼľȫƽ
ϸ۲ЩģЩģбȽϼ򵥵ģƺһʼ·˲ûг̫ѵĿ
ֻߣ·˿ĺ󱲣ܹ䣬̶ֳȣѾ㹻԰
΢΢һķģͨ۾ӡʶУٵķš
תں쳾ľԲʥ䡷⾳Ҳֵ뵽ˡ顷֮Уڣԡ顷⣬ʵѾʼ·˴޷򽥽룬˲ͬĵ·ˡ
£ԡ顷ѾǼ򵥵ĽܺѧϰԼĶ
붨ӵʱ䣬ˣ
һ۵ָ⣬ָͬΪʣʼ̻Լ·
һһʣ··µĺۼ㡣
𶥼ܶսǻص龰ԣʼĽ棬Ӧƽƽ棬ûʲô֮Ŷԡ
Ȼʵȴˣ̻··˵·ɲǣһɲõľŷͬһֱʣ
ߵĹʵǷ֡
ʼǷۣ̺ſµƣ˿ڹ
ڷϴﵽߣԷۼʱȻᱬϯأǳȴɢµƣͬʱĹѪ֮ԣ
ǣ
ʵٶԽԽ죬գЩܲסıʷ·˱ʷ潻ѹ죬ƺҪѿ
һ·˶ݣ
û뵽ԼֻƵķ·һ󱲽֣Ȼܼǿҵơ
ƺС󱲣
ۿԼƵ·ɣ·˵ǣһȡ
Цˣ͵Цݡ
·ˣִʮŽһͣ´˵
·ʱͻȻ̤ǰһֽ֮Уһǹ
ǹΪʣʼ̻ĺۼ
һΣ·˿̻ĺۼʵ˺ܶ࣬Щ·ÿһ˺գɽӡ
Ҳ˷ͬԼİǹ·˽棡
ıʼдգ಻
߽棬ͬԣ
ҵĽ֣Ǳ˿ȻĪǿĽһǲ顣
Ӧ˵Ǹδ뵽Ľַʽ
Ҳֻȶⷨ򣬲Ҷ⵽̶ֳȣܴ˾ʵķ֮ս
ʱƣģʼˡ
ȻӦģ·͵ЦȴԽԽŨ
ʵ·ˣʼգֻǶ˼ٵһˣֻ̽ϵǿ֮·˱ڷ·ļһȻƣӦ
ǣ
ʷ潻㣡Ķͷ߳ܵĺ飬µıʼʼɣһʷѣɷƬƮɢ֮С
бʷ汬֮·΢΢һЦ˳ǹ
ʱѣȻǶԻ꺣;ȴǼģǼת֮󣬻꺣õ㹻ֵܼڡ
԰ǹŵأڵĴϢ
ʱǰ·˳ǹָʼп̻
һΣ·˿̻ٶȺܻ
ıʼ±䵭ˣƳĶȴղŴͬ
ԭ·˵ıʼ̺ɱ֮⣬
һΣ·˻ƳĶȴ̺ش׽
ʣһ·˻ƵķȣҪȸղһΣ
עЩģȻһʱ仹ȫȴĿЩģȫǲȱģ
һһȱķı·˻Ƴƺȥ
ѵҵĿ⣿
ͻȻЩģȴȥȫ͵ͨ˿ˡ
ҲĿˡ
ûмȥȫЩģں⣬ʼϢ
Ϣʱȫ˿״̬ĻҲĻָ۷塣
£˫ۣʼЩġ
ǰķģһʮôʮ취
ģʱţңһУѾȫЩķ֮С
ÿһ棬ƺ̻һ·˵ӰĸеЩӰǵ·µĻ
ЩģҲ̺·˶ܽᡣ


1967 ȫ
·µÿһģȱʧĵطֻкСһֶѣֻǲСһ֣顣
ʼĳԵЩеʱ·ˣ˿ˡ
Ļ֣һ֮Уʱٷ˸ı䡣
·˶ʱ䷨ﵽĸ߶ȣڸıʱٵͬʱʱ֮ڵķŤһ
ȾʱıΪʮһ
ڣƬʱʱٱ󣬴ﵽʮһ죬¡
Ҳ·˸޵ʱ䣬ϾҪЩģһһϦ顣ȴʱƣʱһ˶Ҫͳڵ硣
ʱռ䣬Ŀʼͨ˷֮ŵˡ
֮ǵڶ㵽֮ͨͨź󣬱ǵ㣬ûΣգֻн
ԼоûаͨĲĻڵһֱʱ
ʼִˣǵʱѡ˼Ѷȵģ½½ԽԽࡣ
ǻڷ֮ǰǵջ;
ܶ˴üɫ裬ڳ˾Ӷ࣬ۼһҪȸ¡
۵ʱλ֮켶֮ͻȻ
еѭȥһ𶯵켶֮ţǵĿ⣬ʼЩηˡ
ѾĲµʲôˡ
ǣ
֮ſһŮӵӰӷ֮г
ЩǱȫ˲٣ǻһ˿Ѫ
ŮӣǳƮɽĻŮӣɹͨ켶֮ţ
ǵʥͨķ֮ţȻǰĻŮӣ벻ɣҲ԰ˡ
켶֮ٴ
һӰӷ֮гγģ컯ʥӴʦ֡
ҲжദˣϻЩ࣬ʱЦƺá
ʦֳˣ
ӳ컯ʥĵӼæǰȥʦ˶٣
鲻˼æʵ
ֻ࣬õ˰˳ɶѡ
赭д˵ţȻ˶Уȴǰզࡣ
켶Ѷɰ˳ɣɼúܶ̾ˡ
ߵ磬ǿߣȻôϲ컯ʥʵҲͬһ㣬Ȼ˾ηˡ
ӺٺһЦ˵ǡ
һ۲ԶĻŮӣŮ΢΢üĳɼӶԣҪһЩ
µĵӣҲĲ컯ʥ
Ҳûа취飬ƮɽϾţȲƿʥԴ컯ʥ
ʼɣѡˣ
緢˵Ŀռ䣬ɹÿһɹжбƾӦɶȣԿӦĽ
ѡһɲǣͻȻУعͷһλ֮ұߣѪɫģСʱ֮š
ʱ֮ڣƺݳļµ·ڷʲô
ӲҪ³ֵģ֮ŵѶȣôõ֮ʡ
֮󣬱ǵ֪ôģӿʱ֮ţЩ

ʱţһһ졣
ڷ֮·µķ֮ǰϵ
ȥ£ȴʼûгȥʮġ
ƾջ˲֪ݵ·Ƕɢˡ
ݣǳľĻڵĴҲòԵͣϢ
ĸ££ֱȥһֱ˼еͻȻ۾˫˸ǳһĹâ
̧֣ڵһϣ˹ؼһʣһ֮оƺ˹ʼı仯ƺһȼյĻ棬ıԴ֮
Ƕôĳңÿһֻ棬ǲľ֮𡢴̫֮֮Ļʻ𣬶ܴһҵӰӡ
Ƭֻ̣һʡ
һʻȥĵĸоֱˣƺ֮У˸
Ǻѹѹĺ嫺󣬿µ֮գĳìݻһ谭Ķ
ϵı仯ʱ񱩣ʱѸп顢ԴЩʵ׵֮
а֮յĲͬ׵磬Ҳʱһһ֡
򣬻˵ʡ
һȥ棬ƺںһ
а֮ĺġںϡ
̤֮·ƾһ׻ɱɨ
߷Լ֮·Ŀˣһһ˳ķ
һϼ˼Σöĸӵ
ת˵ڶġ
һΣûе̫ãʱֳˡ
ָⱥʮ֮һɫĺۼ
ۼ֮ΧĿռ䶼ȫŤˣ߱ɣʧ
򵥵һʣÿռ䷨˱仯ͣʷһתһʼʼɫһʮĸо·ⲻһʼǲɣ֮ӡ
ʼֱǿռʱ䣬Լʱյ򣬻֮С
ʷ治ͣÿһʶʱմң˷ֲСԶֲȥδ
ʱռ䣬ıʼУҲںϵһ𡭡
ʵ·˸ĲȱģԭûΨһĴ𰸣ֻҪѧķںϵʮ޷֮УĲ룬ˡ
ʼƵġ
һΣȥͬǹⴹ䣬ÿһʣƺһǳ
ЩǳԽԽʵУģһǳϷţĵǡ
·˻ʮʮǣȻҲеһ֡
ԼԵǵ⣬Ҳ뵽޷֮С
һһʣβĻţģÿһʣⷽʱ֮еķ˹
ƺЩĵĻƹУˡ顷ľ衣
磬һػصĹУõһδεϴ
ç޼磬ٴαѹѹΪף磬ڽʣ·ԲǧСԭ뷨֮ŵǧķΧС˾ű
ԭԴ϶ѹ֮У
״̬ԽԽã˱ɣ֮ľҲ˼Ϊܵ״̬
⼸ת˼ֻ̬֮õֻصҲ뵽Щ֮С
ʥ䡷͡顷ԭλ߷ĶǼʮΨһһͬʱֹУзǷˣȻˣҪںϣҲʮּѡ
ڽ죬ȫҵ״̬ȴӲ֮У⾳ϣ
ʥ䡷͡顷ǱĬĹУϵԽԽܡ
һһķıȫȫĵ˳Ҳǰ˳ӱʣһжŸодͷ·ڴһƬһ㡣
Ȼ䣬одķѾٽԲĹͷߣĹա
һ̣ȫѣǰһɱѹõϢͬһ
¡¡
죬籡ն
յʮöһк䣬·齵صĴԡ
ڴʱ˿̣ʮ޷ĵĲȫ
ˢ
ʱ翪·˿Ѿƣǰ˸ŵʮ޷ģ֮̾ɫ
޲ķģҲ㲻Ǵʱ˿̣·˿ȴȫһļޡ
񣬶δܹһ
⵹˵ʵѾﵽļ𣬶Ϊ⼸תԷﵽ˲˼ĳ̶ȣټϸٳķӣһУ


1968 ɹ
ʱѾȫʧǰʮģ̺⣬δȫ⡣
͸ˡ
ʱһõֱӴԺתͷһ˵ģ·ˡ
õʮĹԣϵڣֱͨݵʶ
һ·˴Ϣ
֮ǰ·ֻǿ͵ЦһЦˡ
·˵䣬ʮĻʮƽ⣬ֱû뵽ڡ
ЩģʹĹѪ֮УΪһ֡
ʮ޷ģ;ĹѪںЩ֮оЩı˴֮γϵֱӵõǿҶ⣬Ҳࡣ
лǰָ㣡
ϲ˵ʱ·Ѿת׼뿪ˡ
ǰɷ
кܶ໰·˵ѯʺڰԨľ·˺͡ʥ䡷񾿾ǰս̫࣬ıˡ
ʮ죬·˶ٶЩԨԴʮ٣컯ʥʺͻ۸Բ߻ԼıǶе߸£ʮҰġ
·ǻӲ
ʱ·ȴûͣ
нԶͬʱϵٴδԺУʵ˵ʲôû塭δǱ˸ģԼӮģսѣսʤǿеıĳɳ֮·۷壬ǿԴͱܶѻģһɱһδ̽еõģʮÿζӢűĩƽ٣ߵĹҲǿߵ̨
ֻػߣǱ𵱳µһʶڸĽѾɹ֮Уȥȡɣ
·˵ӰѾƾʧˡ
һʱ䣬ãã磬ֻʣһˡ
սѣսʤǿеıҵĳɳ֮·
ĩƽ٣ߵĹҲǿߵ̨
ĬĬľ׽·˵ĻʵҲ˵ƵĻȻվڵжԵһ˵Ļȴûд
ˢ
ʱããĿռ䱻˺ѣһתʱ֮ƾճˡ
ǳڡ
һʱ֮š

ʱ·㣬һȺûа취ĲľۼһеĴϢеĸ򣬻вˣڰĴţƨ
Ǿãʥʰ֮󣬻᲻Ի֣
пܣʥڷͷ̫ʢˣر֮޼ɵĿԴǿҪȻ컯ʥ⼸ǧôᷢչô죿ҸоʥѾˡ
û嶼þûǵϢˣʥ壬컯ʥ򳡣˲̫ˣǸ컯ʥӣɶȾ㲻ܴﵽٷ֮ʮҲܵʮˣʮŵӣǸŮԵһ㣬Ҳһˣ
һԣһ˵ţʱڵĿռ䣬ͻȻҵ
ţʲô£
˾Щ˷׷׾ѣһӵٴУ
Ƕܽţԭ˵ǰȫһ㣬˭֪᲻бʷ
˲֪ʱͻȻڷ֮ųڣҵĵ֮ţٵת
һɹɿ͵ӵ֮
ԭ֮ţɢſֲϢ˲ֱӣܾ֮޴ѹʧء
һΣ֮䣬ڳ߸ܵ˾޴ѹܶѾ亹졣
ݣ
֮һ⣬ֱʣ
ĸ߿գɹЩɹдСݷ֮ɶȵĲͬԽ벻ͬɹ
ʱ֮âֱ߿һɹɹСǴСľ뼫ΪңԶ
ڳߣɵˣʲô֮䣬⣬ҫǳɹ
ϸǵâƺ̳һ֮ͨͨһʱ䣬󡭡ʧˡ
ʧԴɫĵ֮Ҳȥ
תԽԽԽԽСһţˡ
֮ŵԱߣĸʱշ֮Żڻתţָоͺǵ֮Ŵûгֹһжǻþһ㡣
աղǡ
ڳȻ֪ʲô
һǵ֮䵽ǳɹ
ţΣɱĻһЩ룬Ϊ̫ģǻ̲ס˵˳òᡭʲô˴ӵ֮ţǳɹɣ
ôܣ˷
˵ͻȻֵĵ֮ţ֮ǰ֮ţҪ߹Ҳ죡ƺǧǰǸ̬߹֮ŵʱ򣬺ȫȾѪˡ
οڣڶˣһȺˣ˵ţʵ˵ʵЩı̬ȣĪ˵ǣ컯ʥӣҲȫˡǵУô㵮һ߹֮ŵˡ
ţӦòͨ˵֮ţҲ²֮ŵĳ䣬ⲻˣ˵Ƿ֮Űʲô͵ǳɹأ
Ƿ׷ţһʱ䣬ܶ˶֮ǰ뷨
ʱѾǳɹڲ
ǳɹѾһΣͨʵʯ·
ʰ׶ϡ
һΣѾʯ·Ĵ֮ʶ˴εٶȺܿ죬ֻһӵʱ䣬ߵʯ·ľͷ
һɫĿռ䡣
ⷽɫռõ֮Ѫ
һΣֻʲôأ˼̧ⷽռ䡭


1969 
ⷽռ䣬ѾΪϤŵ
Щɲһ㣬еԴ̫֮֮֮Դ
κһƣֵ󣬼ǳɹУҲû̫ࡣ
ʱԴ֮ƬյǣڱԴ֮֮£һ徲š
ⷽ壬ڹ⣬·һڶһ㣬ⷽʱֱӱȥˣԴ֮ƺҲڻⷽ塣
·ķ֮Դ
СĶ龧֪̽Ȼ֣Ǹ֪Ҳᱻ龧ա
æԼĸ֪ջأǸղŶ̶̵̽飬ҲյⷽϢ
ϢǸħмƣ
ħԣ⾧Ϣ˺ܶˡ
ǡ
һʱ䲻֪Ǻãʱ򣬹ϵٴδݵľ֮
ǰĶ汾Դ֮ʱգһɢ֮ͻ洢㹻ĳһʱ̣ױըд洢ʡȫݻһµ棬ը
̾ɵ磬þɵµ絮ⷽδݻԳ֮Ϊӣ
·˻һӣ
һܹݻɴؾ壡
ļǵãʱƲ⣬ħ顢Ͽıʣһöӡ
ݻ磬ʮ죬ʮ죡
˵еöӣӵͬħһϢҲΪˡ
ֻħԣɫϢ˵ħݻʮͬСĳ档
ôöɫ壬ҲֻݻɸǧСˡ
ֻ棬Ҳʮ־ˣǧκһ磬ж֪̺˶򣬼ǿߣһȥ̽Ҳ߱ÿһ䡣
η֮ŵĽȻһöӣǰѾҵ֮·ˡ
ԼСԴ档
棬⼸תĹУϵķչ׳־ѹԤϣƬδȻܷչһµ硣
ܴﵽ·ˣߡʥ䡷ߵľ磬ôƬͻɸ·ԭƽ棡
ܳԽ˵ľĻⷽ͸ǲˣ
ǣҪչһȥҪʱ䣬к֮
һ棬ҪʮΪλ
Լȥȡ֮ĻٶɻǳĻԼѰ֮ҲԶԶǰöӡ
ԭǰǿŵ磬ԲŸһöӣҽöԼĻô棬ͻ°빦ˣ
뵽дϲҲԵĸм·ˡ
ԣȷʵһݼõĽ
˫ʮָ֮䣬һ޷ɢİöӡ
޷ǣ£öƮ档
öӣȫûֻ֮оԼ֮Уʼһʡ뷨С
ԭҪֻܴ֮ɣһѡǳĺΪص㣬֮Ũ
ڣƺһڶΧ֮ơ
ȻЩ֮棬Ĳ֣ȴֱӱ֮С
ԭһԭ֮Ҳˡ
һĻ΢΢
ӣʵһΣƷ˵һɳеĺڶմ֮Ϊ󱬷׼
ƲãԼ棬ҲҪˡ
ұɳΪҷֱ󣬽뵽ҵ֮У׻һ֡
ţȷķȻҪӣǼ֮£ȻҪʱ;Ҫ֮á
ʱȥһˡ
ţ̤ǳ칬
ɹĳھͶӦ·Ĳ㡣
ĲΣԣȻһΡ
Ȼԣ⡣
ʱһתǳɹʧˣһ޴Ĵ½֮ϡ
ǻɵغʹ¶ʯ
ϡϡĲƤƤѢһϣȥޱȻ
̤½һ˲䣬еڷϵѹƣ类ΪҲһαѹ͡
һ龰Цһ
뵱꣬һݣһУ䶼Сġ
ȵ츳ǾʵԶԹѹʮձ飬ַԣʮڷѹ֮£ѹܶǿĶ֣ʥȥˡ
ڣǧȥˣǱǰ˱ѹƵĶˡ
ƬĴأȥѰҵڡ
ֻҪͨ˵㣬Ϊصĵռ䣬һ㣬ҪԵ֮
ЩԵ֮Ѿ룡
Ҳ·Ŀڣ

ʼ̽Ĳʱھǧ֮ĵطһȺͳһ̵ʥӣϸѰһƬ
Щʥӣ컯ʥˡ
ƬʮŢƬڵïʢɭ֣Ȼʱ䣬ɭѾʧֻ˺࣬Щ࣬Ѿ󺣣һɢһ󸯳Ķ
Щֲܶǿ涾γɵģ䶾ԼһߣһھͿܱ
𣿡һ컯ʥĵü˵ӦǿҲܲסĻһϼ죬ÿ춼Ͷ򽻵Ҫʱֵ̳Ķƾ͵Ϯȵľ˳ʱ䴦ƣ״̬
˺ܶ죬ûҵҪĶ˲ɣǵȼĶĿܻһ̶֮ô
죡ô
ӳ˵ƽ󣬰صС۾Уŷһ˵ľâ
ʱ֮ǰ˵ĵʵʵĸӺ棬еһɫС򣬼Ѱš
ɫС컯ʥĵѰĿĹߡ
ϸͻ֣ᷢɫСǻģ䶯ţһѪ⣡
ǶǴ˴֮أ
һˣ컯ʥʼνÿ˶ɻڴһõһرĽرĶ
һʧܣǺ᲻룬Щ˶ͨʥߣǵ˺ܴܣΪʵȡʩµġû컯ʥʳ֣һЩǽ
Ƹۣˮһսˡ


1970 ر
Ƭˮ󣬷ǳֱǧ컯ʥһɵӳѰʱ䣬ҲֻѰˮɵ
ʱѾв߾ۼڴˡѾͨ˵Ĳڵȴ㿪
Σ컯ʥĵЩˣǵʱ䲻ˣ˳ǵ³ܲҡ
⵹컯ʥʿǵĳͷĳ˵Լѡ·Ϊĵõǿð˾޴ķա
ңǴŻʱ䣬㿪֮󣬵ĲǲͣģҪô˻ص㣬Ҫô㡭Ҳ˵Ǳ֮ǰѶҵ
˵˶ء
ʵǺ֮ǰУ©Ļͺˡ
ʱţһϢһϢ;Ҳ߷컯ʥӵж²ѰʲôΪ컯ʥ̫ǿƣҲʲôǷ֮룬ӵ˵в뿪
ҹ컯ʥĵӲ߲ݡ
ڰ󣬸Σķɱ˼ʮ͵ϮĶ涾ֱʱ֣ͻȻһ컯ʥĵֱһУöɫ򷢳
󡭡ʦ֡
ӽе
ôˣ
ЩѾ߶ȽţͻȻ˽תͷ
һ˫С۾ûȿӣǶס˶Է֣ģǸѪɫʼҵ䶯бεĸо
죡⸽ң
ӿָʾһʱ䣬ɢڷԲʮﷶΧ컯ʥӶˡ
ʵе򣬱ڡġѪ⣡
ҪҵĶصĺķ߶Ⱥܸߣǵʵ͸֪ҲĲôöû˵õԭ
ûĵѪ⣬ȴϵƾϵҵλá
ˣû϶
ӺҲ߶Ƚܽȥôպǰ;
ʱ򣬼컯ʥĵӸоԼлĵѪԽԽԽԽĴӹ̬Ѫ⣬Ѫˮ
ϡ
һ컯ʥеĻ֮Ѫȳܲסڻָ䣬˺ɫ֮С
˾һĻˡ
Щڻ˵Ѫ⣬ͬһֻֻɫСһ㣬˽ȥ
ʼڣ
ӹ˵
⡭ӵЩԥ챦ȻɢµϢʱ򣬻ܶߡ
ʦܵĻһ˿ЦɣⶫҪףħԣҪѪ롭
˵䣬ɱ޵ɢ컯ʥĵӣҲеļ¡
£컯ʥĵӾǿҲûа취ƾʮ˳ߵΧǶһЩɵ
Ȼζã챦ҪѪʦֵõȷϢ
ʵĹ⣬˵ģˣ˵ϻˣǿڣ
Щ࣬ڳ߶ԣҪȥֱжࡣ
һֻһǹ̳ʹ̳һʮɵӣȻھٶûܳãܿ죬Ǿͷʼˡ
ı仯Ӳϲ֪رľԽԽˣ

˵ǻ𣿡
ĲһڷһѿȥͭһķƬǴһżзġ
Ȼһʱķֱ棬ȴ㬵ķ֣ЩƬϹʱ·µģǵֻһ꣬ӦǰһȺѰСΣգˡ
˶ʱеɥôҵĶȻһЩ
Ĳ˲ʱˣҲԽ˺ܶΣգջȴ٣ֻԹ˲ˡ
Σյĵ㣬ǲòһ£Ƿнʱ
ǽѵʱͻȻ䣬ǸܵһɿµϢͬˮһӿ
Ϣ֣ǶʱԼ·˲׹˵µɱȫ亹죬Ѫ
ȻתͷȥȴңԶĵƽϣ˾˵һĻ
һſֲĺɫϢγһֻ޴ĹͷӰ
ֻͷޱȵ任ƺҪſ̽ȥһ㣡
ǿµϢɾͷģ
죡ʲô
֪᲻챦
챦챦ĻҲһǳħ챦ɡ
óȻȥĻܿΣա
ǻǰҲģ
˹ȥˣ
̧ȥֻмСڵԼٶͷڵĵطӶȥ
˹ȥѶȵͬʱҲһЩȫС
ܻΪҲȥˣôˣܲᶼɡ
ǹȥ
⼸˵ţҲչȫٷӡ
Щ˲ԶͬһĻ΢΢üϢ֪ΪΣоеϤֲȷ
΢΢һ˫ۻıϣٶʱȴһĻ
ͫȫˣͫױһϸ룬ϸΧ鲼ŹĻơ
ЩһĪĸо
һʱ䣬Χռķ˫۾֮£ѾΡ
ط˵ͫ
ʥ֣Ʈҡʱ˾ȡ壬֮ǰһʱ䣬ͫط
ԭͿĿͫطã
ͫע֮£ΣЩһˣ˷·һԶȼգ֮Уģʹ꣬һЩʬǣڸ
⵽ǡ
һд


1971 ħ
ԭΪννǣһȺں֮ڣʥСħɲԶˣʶûôЩˣҲ϶ڷ֮ţڵĲռ䣬Ƕڲʲô
֮ȷʵ֤һ㣬˵ʵ컯ʥӣҲûͨ켶Ѷȡ
û뵽ЩˣĪģĲŪ龰ԲһĶĳֿµĴڡ
Ҫôϡ䱦Ҫôǳħ
һ֣ȤοϢʮϤвȥһµĵ
赭дһ̤ռŤٶȲǧ֮ĺɫȥ
Ǻɫͷʵ̫ˣĲߣһһʱ䣬ԽԽࡣ

ʱĿռ֮⣬ɲ޺Уĵķˮ¡
޴Ѫŵһݻķ֮У컯ʥŹϬƤĴϣĬĬĿǰͶӰˮ
ˮʾģڴ龰κ̽ⷨ̽⵽ڲ飬ķǸġ
Ȼ˵ȫû壬컯ʥӻ۾벻ͶӰˮƽʱﰮƷƵоһֻʢƵľ¾Ʊǽ죬ȴûƷƵȤϾҪҵ¹شʲôʹ²ˡ
컯ʥӾԷɵʱͻȻͶӰˮ
һģӰͶӰˮϿո֣Ӱ컯ʥ̹վһ
ݼ£
ͻȻֵӰ컯ʥʣ
컯ʥ˵ҸղŸеǼ֮ѪϵѾʧˡЩѪ⣬ӦǱɵˡ
֮Ѫ⣬ӵѰرĺɫ򣬾ڸղţЩڻ󣬶ɣ컯ʥʱ˲֪ˡ
ЩѪ⣬ͳڻģĴϵô컯ʥҲ޴ӵ֪ռ䷢κ顣
⡭컯ʥһдϲѾҵˣ
ȻҲɳȥĵӶɱĵѪ⣬Ҳˡ
ڶֿԽΪ㣬ǣô˭бͬʱɱɳĶʮӣ˵ˣĵѪ⣬һС飬Ҫܳʱ䣡
컯ʥֻҪҵλãõͻˣ
ʥʵǿ
ʱԼҲ
Ըˡ컯ʥأ²󣡡
·ģνĵӣǺѡ۹䣬ʵ츳ܿˣ컯ʥһУʺĵˣټȷɣϽеĸ죬Ѿͬ޵У
£˵Ǻһֲٰ죬ǳ⣬Զֽţƾã
컯ʥ˵ò·
컯ʥʻĵͷӰûȥ
컯ʥȫʧ컯ʥվ˫Ŀ֮Уһ˿˷ܵĹâʶץץ֣·Ҫץһ㡣
ҰģҵҪĶʥܻܻ壬ưʮ죡
ʱͻ񣬶ﵽͿԼ̳ʥʥ֮λ
ĵƳȵ컯ʥޣĶȻᴫԼʱϵ£ΨҶ

ʮϢʱ䣬ͥŲһǧ룬ʱѾ˺ˮϿա
ѾĿ컯ʥӣǾȻںˮеĳһطһ޿ӡ
ǹɿµϢǴӾ޿гֵġ
Щ컯ʥĵӣüң˸ġ
ӰɵŤռʵûܷ
żȿǶʲô
ʱԽԽѾ˹Χ޿ӼʮλãƯ߻͡
˵Ŀ⣬Ǹ޿ӣ¶˷ܣ̰ηĹâ
컯ʥĵӣ󣬿Ūģ
ҿλãͲµˣΪǰЩͿЩƬˮѰʲôǾȻѰ֪Ƭһ㣡
ûҲˣ֮ǰ֣ĲĿռôȴۼһĺˮ߰ʱ䣬ûȥĵطȻбֵǣռôأôõ鱨£̫ˣ
ôõ鱨ܱõˣ˵滹һż࣬Ҷзݣ
һ˵Ϲżڳ˶˷żһż
ȻҪСĽЩżΣգһСľͻȥ
컯ʥĵӱǿ˶࣬һսֻҪģɱǸ⡣
˵·ӣɱ˵Ϣй¶ȥҲֵһƴҲ컯ʥ·Ƕʮ֮ĳȻڣ컯ʥǿҲóȻ·֡
һ·˵壬·̺ſֲ޷򣬹ﲻ֪ᷢʲô顣
·Ҳǳǿӵ񣡶޺пżͷ񼶵ޡ
ŻжĽ׼սһʱͻȻ֮Уһ
ޱȵĿֲ·һͷµĶħоѣ
֮ƺնˣ
һ֮ǰͲסλ÷ǳߣһֱӱ˽ȥ
ڿмת˺ѷεĲҽУĿ֮£ѽ⣬Ѫⱻһգֱӻ˰׹ǣ
Щ׹Ҳѿ˷ĩžȫʧˣ
һ·ţתۼҷȳڳͷƤ顣
ʲô
ʱвûɢĻγһ޴ĺɫӰ
ɫӰ߰ɣȫСƬֱ״̬˫ǿ׳˫ͬһִβͣβϲ˹Ǵ̣
Ӱ˫ĿѪ죬䣬ĿⲢûڳϣǼˣڳȴֺͣͣĸо
Ӱǡ
˾ĪŤʱ֮УһĻҲԴˡ
һһ˿˼֮ɫףΪʲô֮ǰУоϢϤˡ
ûв´ĻɫӰʵһԨħ
ԨħȼܴǿĴڣй֮޲
ǰԨħɾǴ࣡
һȺΪʥ֮СȻһ񼶵ԨħӰ
ɲŻ飬ô£Ӧ컯ʥʵӰӡ
컯ʥʣʵʩĳƻ


1972 ħ
뵽컯ʥʣͻˣһֵƽ١
컯ʥʵһУֵȥƻ
ʱź¡¡ľ죬еԨħӰˣ
ƺԭǷӡڵµһͻȻȴȶôֱɢˡ
ɢʣͬһڷ磬ڳ߷׷ױãΨֱɺڷ紵壬顣
һĻĻУԾǣһɺڷ磬ڵŤռ֮С
ɺڷ磬һ˿֮ɫ
ڷУ̺ŴҺڷвдȻϢƴ󣬵Ǻ̲㣬˵ĸоǡԨħѾˡ
ڷ磬ƺԨħʬ壬ڵ±˰֮ʬ
лЩͷ֪ӣȻ̽ȥ
ҲеΣеĵײһԲεģоǹһĶͨɫֻһ־Өһ
ϣ鲼һЩʵѪѪ˿
ЩѪ⣬ڱ񻺻ţǺˮһ㡣ǣڻĵ顣
֮ǰ̽鵽ں󣬻ĵѪڻѪˮɵˣ
ֱӽ֣ԻĵϢʮϤĲµЩѪڻġ
ں֪ʲôֻǸоϢʮ֮ǰؾǿٱ
ڿɫʱͻȻܵԼ֮УС궯
ţСڣ
죬Щ꣬Сڴʱ䶼˯֮ͬʱСͬҲɳʮְͻȻӳ˯궯
Щܹ꣬ССݳϢһĶ˺ǿҵ
˵ǿµġ
һСЩ꣬Լȥܼħӣ˴̳Ҳ̳˺֪ܶʶ;飬ںܶ෽ļʶҪ㡣
ô˵һǿԨħ·ɱĶ컯ʥʣҪħˣ
ܿ콫˸˾Ųʮ
ʵϣⱻ·ɱԨħֻʣһҲʮΣգɱɺܶ顣
ͬΪԨħĻ֮Ѫ⣬֮γϵ컯ʥʾһ㣬ҵħڡ
ĿľҪڳΪĵĶϣ
Щ컯ʥ򣬻Ѿ̫ĶʼڽıԵ
ڣ컯ʥʱҪһʱĶûɽҲԼʵһ
ħǹؼڣ
ʱ컯ʥĵӣۼ޿ӵĵײղž޿緢ʬŨѪ˲ڵĵزЩ컯ʥĵӾȻû¡
һܵ˶ûУô˾ۼǷıҲȫûκξŵ˼ƺһж֮С
һʣһбˣ֮ǰס˺ĳӦʲô컯ʥʸǵĻ巨֮ࡣ
ʱ컯ʥĵӴ֮һ
ͷһԾϣŴ˷ߡ
ϰٸˣǾȻûʲôη֮ɫ
ڳЩ⣬һ·ĻǰϹЦ˵֮ǰĳ滰һʼɱԽԵ˳һЩ
Ȼʱȴû뵽컯ʥĵһˣĿ
мĵһ仰ڳ˵ˣǱŭ
컯ʥĵӷ˰ɣ񾭻ô˭

·ĵЦһԭǻܷƽʲôģȻԷҲ˵ϻˣ֣˶࣬Χȫɱˣ
Ƿ׷׾£ʱƵ컯ʥӺһֱԾ֮С
ţˣ
ǽȥڳҲɵӣԷ˵ΪǵĻɡ
ƺŭˣǸŽС
СģжйŹ֣ղŵĺڷһˣü˵
ߣ룬ѵͲ룿
챦ҪŶҽƨ
һçֵ˵Ȼ³çʵҲûд⣬ֵһø֪̽ӣоղŵĺڷƺɢˡ
ǣһףץöı񣬽ִ߶£СķɽǸ֮С
˼ɣ󺺶ûʲô£еĺڷҲǸղһʱǿ󣬺࣬ϾԨħѾˡ
󺺺˵ĳȥвߴųȥˡ
һʱ䣬ڳߣɽ֮УоͰûע⵽Ŵ󲿶ӣɵ֮¡
ӣܿӵж
ֱˣӵȣӵĵײѾʮ΢
Խ£ʬԽŨڳС棬ƮɽĵӣȻ컯ʥͬһȻҲ֪컯ʥεжһ㣬ӻŮӵıϾܿ
һЩ㵣ͳɡ
һ·½ڰԽԽŨ˽ӽӵ׵ʱһͻȻ
еôڴ˹ʱˣ
ڳһˣ컯ʥӣʱվڵĿӵףЦȺߡ

һȼյĻ򽫿ӵӳʥԭΪֶʮֻףһ̣ƺ˶ɵĶħ
ڳߣȫʮ־Ȼ˶֮࣬أҲҴ⡣
ǴԲѣΪ컯ʥܶԸôˣôĿӣҪԼĹذɣ󣬵ȻĹֱ֮棬һ˰ˣ
·ĵЦ˵ţ˵䣬ѾսӦʱܷ
Ĺ˵˼ֻŪ˶ǵĹǰȻˣǾͶɣ
컯ʥӣͻȻһǸܷĺҰ޵
һ̣忪ʼžžı죬һ⣬ҵ䶯һһһļ⣬¡
ʥ
лͷҲǴ˵ĸоʥߵУѪˣԱ컯ʥӡ᪶ˡ
Ǻܿ죬͸оԾˡ
ӵı̫죬ȫѪⶼѿһǴ̣Ѫ϶ͳìһ㣡
ĹҲʼθߵһɰĸ߶ȣһڳߡ
һΪϤϢ֮ӵɢϢڡģ


1973 ħ
ģôᡭһ˿֮ɫԲͨʥֱڻĵ
ʱӵıѾ˺ѵױ鿪һŧ

Щŧҵ䶯ԽԽ󣬾ȫ鿪ŷѪŧҺһ㴥֣Щŧг衣
ǡ
ĿһЩῴǻĵѪֻ֣ϣС
ʱӣѾȫҲ֮ǰģİӰӣһɵѪɫħĹǴ̣ʵļ⣬İ֡
ӣ˶סˣǰĺɫͲһˣͷβĶħ
Իĵˡ˼ǧǰĻԪ
ʱԪʱ򣬻ԪҲǶħģֻûлĴ֣ȡ֮ǿĹС
ԪһԨħӣǰӣҲࡣ
ϣӦñΪֲ˻ĵѪ⣡
ԨħܱᣬǿԪ𣬶Ԩħ֮Ҳʧȥҡ
ӵʵԶԪԨħǸԨħͿֲĵѪͲͬˣΪЩĵѪ⣬컯ʥʵĿ֮¡
ǿᷴӡ
ԭŻĵĲǿ컯ʥʶԻĵĿԽԽǿ컯ʥʾͿԷֳĵѪ⣬뵽һЩߵȼڣһħ컯ʥʵĿ㹻ǿĻһħţ
ЩħŵսȻʮֲֿͬʱҲ컯ʥʵľԿƣΪں˻ĵѪ⣬컯ʥʵһͷʬ޴棡
뵽Що컯ʥʵҰԽԽͨģ̫̫飬ֱƿʮ죬Ȼһеǰܹͬо޴ҰĵĻۡ
ʲô
߿ӣЩ﷢飬ԨħĵϢΪޱȿµĴڣĵѪ֮ЯϢҲɢڳľ
ӦʥֻûмˣοԼҲǹʿȻʱȴЦˡ
㡭ǡʥ
˵䣬ȫͬһŤ䶯ƺ³һڣΪѡ
Ҳױˣõͳɬĸı䣬Ҳױ仯ˡ
ʱ仯ȫС
ѪȼգĵѪ⣬ҲϸάֱģֱʹкܴƣʹһΣҲӰδľ磬ȫԵҲпܡ
֪ӵȫѪԨħԸɣдĵÿһѪ⵱еġܡ
컯ʥԼֱҲȫĨɱ
Դֲֽɵ󡭡һǵһζǣӦøең
˵䣬һѾһ·ĵֱ˶
·ӣʵУϵȵġ
Сģ
˾Ȼӵٶ̫ˣڳߵķӦޡ
ĵӣҲǾþȻӷӦѾγ䣬Σյʱӭս
Ȼͬʱеĺ񱳿նһĺڰͬ򷭵īˮƿһɢڰ֮У̺ǿ깥

ĺڰγһӰӵĻ꺣
䣬רŹ꺣طҲǴۿ㲻ӵĹԹΪأ
ӵıһǿͣԷĻ꺣ǵѡ
꣡
ӵĳһץסͬʱӵͷ­ֱ
ӣȫûһץץӵࡣ
㡪
۾һ˿֮ɫĿţԼӵͷ­ͬʱؿһӵצҲץؿڣסࡣ

౻ץסĸоݣȵг˾㤣Ȼֻһ룬ȴЦһȻһֱӵĴӲ˳
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ӵıȫͣһ㱻˳ȥڵɵĹУץһڲѪ飬ֱһ˽ȥ

߾ħӣȻԵһģ
˾㤵ǣľ񹥻Ȼûʲô˺ĵӣھ񹥻棬ΪóǾĹȴɳ
ѵԷ壿
ȫһļ⣬ڳʵ᲻ʹԸĺ
ĻȻ꺣ǿһͷβĹ
ĵѪ⣬ӵľ񹥻УǸµĴڣɣô깥ʲô
ĺ֮󣬲˵õͬʱʡķͬȫΪˡ
ֹȷʵ£
ϸ۲һб仯ʱ򣬱ɱӣʬ忪ʼȫѪͻȻĿ֮ڻ
ϡϵ⣬Ǳۻ֬һһʳɺѪˮֻһѰ׹ǡ
һĻǸǾĪȻ֪ʲô
ЩѪˮ·ܵٻĻϪӵһ֮Уȫ˽ȥһڵԲյˡ
һĻЦˣ¶ȾѪݣħȻ̰ͨѪ⣬ڽ£ҲԸɡԨħѪ⣬Ǿ͸˵ˡұ֮ʶԼѪܸܵħٻ
ʦ˵ǣϾʥʱ¿صĶȺȫǵѪ⣬ιħɣҲǷˣ
ӵһ컯ʥĵ˵˵䣬Ҳʼ仯Ѫⲻϵ䶯ͬг
ı鼫Ϊʹ࣬ƺıҲӸӼѣȻƿػѪԶӡ
һ
ڳ߿ڶߣֻз䣬ֽű컯ʥӵĶ֮Укüħǿȫǣ
ζҪҲΪԼҪˣ
ɱĵڶ컯ʥӴڴڵĴϢţƺ۵˰һ㣬Ѱҵħ֮ǰĵĽɵ
ܹǴǿͬʱҲҪǵ컯ʥʵĲϵſܶȹѹأҪ컯ʥʻ˼ǵҪ֤ǵļֵҲҵħ
һ죬ܹԼѪںϣɾͲ֮


1974 ɱ
ֵǣˣΪһսϧۣȥ֮Ƕйʥʱ£ǽ
ӶĵӴڻѪıΣԼֱӱʧܣΪ档
ΪǾ޴ĽǶƴˣ
۹ͷ棬컯ʥʴģʹͣһɳ죡ҲʹʥǣʱŻ᲻
ǣ
ʮ컯ʥʥߣȫ죬չǶʼ
һĻڳɫ䣬ǰʥӣȻȫֹ
һȺ˸ﻹô
һӣѾܹɱǵʵģһȺ⻹˵ã
ģһӣӣ
ڳߺǣɽڲûգǷ׷תҪӳӡ
ʱһЦӵõôʱǾӦľ򰡣
˵䣬һһѪɫУʮѪЩѪӵıڣһʱ䣬ӵĶˣһѪɫ
ЩѸӿӶˣ棬ӱڣȫ˺һɺ죡
󷨣
ѪɫڳһɫҰףԷͲúˣ
ǳڳߵȼ󷨣ӵԼòǶȻĳЩΪһ̣ϴʯóġ
ƾʯάֵ󷨸˶õʱ䣬Щʱ䣬Ѿ㹻Щ֮һѪɱ¾
£˵·ĵӣƮɽļӣֽˣȫûϵᷢı仯Щ컯ʥĵӣҲɱ˰ɣ
ȻѣУ޶֤ĳ֣ҲΪ档
ǣΪɱˣһɱ
ȫҵĶţһ˫Ѫɫ۾ƮɽĻŮӣͬһͷǡ
Ůʱȫˣµӣûѡ
Ϊ׸⣬һϣûȫ֮ǰ
·ĵӸߺڳкܶ컯ʥĵӱֻһ룬֡
棡
Цһֱ󣬰ѪɫͬƴĶһڳЩֿ쵽ʮɳֽһڳ˵Ļ֣
ߣֱӱѪɫִضѣȻǵѪȴЩ˱
ܶ˶ˣԭӣ㲻ʵҲھȫʱڷ֮Уͨ켶ѶȵҲֻǰӣǸŮӡ
ڣӱʵǸŮӣƺҲ齵һˣ
ΪƮɽĸˣѾվӵˣ
ԭͳһв֮£ֲ֡
ʶʱΪܣ
Ůӹ齵Цˡ
ŮҧҧЩ裬ڣѡ񣬱Ͼһġ
ΪһЩɱ
ŮӶŵļʦʦô˵
ڳ˶ɱ֮󣬻ŹôһƮɽӲȷ
ǲǵıӦûɺķѾѪɱǣɣο˳ǣϾҪ
ƮɽĵӿٵţʱĶʮ컯ʥĵӣ˱
һʱ䣬һɾڳߡ
ɱˣ
Ӵеһɱ¾ʢ翪ʼˣ
컯ʥħ̫ǿˣֱȼվѪҪͣټԭƽʵҪڳǿһսһʼһ浹
һһ߱ɱǵľѪȫǶħˡ
ȫɺѪˮһĹɵ³ʵ̫ˡ
Ѿȫİߴһţո
ڻŮӴƮɽӣǶֻҼû͸Ĳһµʱ֡
ǾӽڳɱС룬ɱʱͻȻ䣬һ𣬲ŵתͷ
ʮԶǳһӵӰԭûʲôʱˣվ֮ǰħڵλãһֻὫħץ
ˣһʼעöħϡ
ζû뵽ʱ˿̣ᷢΣ
УħڵδüյʬҺ
аԵĶħȥãҲõС̽óʲôΣգ顣
ӣôƮƮĽħУƺҪߵ˼
Ӿûǣڴʱ˾£˱ͷ˴ھ˻УӣȻ˼еȥڳ˵Ķħ


һħڳжһͣһʱ䣬컯ʥĵӶˣսһ浹ɱ컯ʥĵһͣȻҲἱ
ͻȻΨѪʻڷ
ˣ˳еץŶħҲκλҡ־顣
ɫ侲Ŀֻһ˼֮ɫոյõħʱø֪̽һȷԼܹܶħѪٻ֮󣬲Ž
ȻԨħҼԶڵԪͷԨħ֮ϣҲĵļҲһˡ
ѸٵжţֻǱ·ʱ꣬ȴ˺ƴµϢԨħļ𣬿֪ˣ
Ҳ֮е飬ܹʸ·ɱҽУȴԵ˷Ԩħһɫһɫ컯ʥʦڵѰң
컯ʥϼһӦǸ֪ħĴڣͶˣҲҵʲôϹżżȻõ·µ֮Ϣħ䡭
ţһ¶ħֽֽ֮С
Σ컯ʥѾˡ
ָоͺʵڴϳУͻȻһؤĿ֮ʵ۵ǰѻʵۻʹһűʯժԼĿڴ˳Ļʵ۵ļ׼ҡڵȥ
ϣӲɵƣ
ӵ˫ĿƵ
컯ʥĵӣҲıƽΧǿı飬ζϷ֮ɫ
ߵĺһһٶȣ׸˴ѹȸС
·ĵӣƺѾԤϵһʬ³ˡ
һҪùˣ
ѱĻ˼ܱˣ׼ŻͻΧ
ʮ޵ӵľۼһ˴ţ׼ʱȥ
Ȼǰ󷨱
ʱѾߵǰ


1975 ѹ
壿˼Щ꣬Űɱ岻֪ж٣ȻһȺӻ̫֪ʲôʱùģʱģȥһһĻȥٺٺ٣
ͬһվǰ࣬ȫƱļ裬޾ѹȸУ
ȻͷųѹȸУȴûдﵽҪЧĿ⣬ͻȻͬԨĺ֮
ǰҫЩɱ壬ɱڡ
㡭
˵
٣㣡ӻûôҵ࣡
˵䣬׼Դһץͬʱİ֣ҲһҧĲӡ
֮ǰɱߣֻҪⴥҧ̱ȫѪ
ͣ
֣ȫҧͼ
¶ЦȻֻ˲䣬ЦݱˣоĵĴƺҧһգûҧȥ硣
ô
ӦʱͻȻ㤵ķ֣Լȫˣ޷һɿµ
ȻˣûĵѪ⣬͸Լڣʡ
ĸ֪Ѿ͸΢򣬿ÿһöϸĵϸںϵġ
жںϣĵѪء
ţ̧һֻ֣ӡ
㡭¶֮ɫˣֻĿǰӵ֣š
ۣ
Ѫ֣ǲ붹һӵѪ⵱У
ӷȻƾ嶼ֻķѣָоһͷȫڰϵôá
һĻڳ˶ˣ·ĵһͣǰһС
֮ǰǿӣȻɵŪڹ֮У֮Ūһһס
ӵ˭ôôǿ
Ҫ֪˵ĿɲǾʵ츳̶ȡ
컯ʥȻȲʥ컯ʥӵˣҲԲߣ˱Ǿ͸ǿֲˣԷܹŪڹ֮ϣҪµ츳
˾ޣΪʲô֮ǰķ֮Уûм
ͬһ㡣
ڳӷ֮г֮ǰѾ˵Ĳ㣬Ȼûп֮һĻǾԻ롣
ûЩˣα¶ʵΪ˶ħڿʵˣа취
Ϣ©ȥȻûʶƣ츳̶Ǳ֪ˣ»һЩˣһ
ǾʹĲˡ
ʦ֣
ϴ󣡡
컯ʥĵӣĪͬʱҲۣ
һʱҹһӾƿϣͶôǿǾ㹥ҲûʲôЧ
컯ʥĵκЧķӦʱӵͻȻȫŤȫĲԽԽңһѪܴ¡Ķͷʼ䶹ĺ顣
Ȼڳž޴ʹࡣ
Ѫ⡭
Ѫʮּѵ˵֣ȫڻĵѪ⣬ȫϸСжϣӲĳˣ
⣬ټ϶ԪľԲٿأһС
һʱ䣬ļѪɫ֣Ǳ֩Һ棬ȫήˣ
ӵһ壬ҲйƤһѸСȥ
ͬʱģһѪɫڲϵıĵѪۼһγɵġ
ۣ
ְγҲѪ˳
ѪͷСһ㡰ͨͨţͬʱоҵôҲӲġ
ʱӣѾȫˣıǿƽָԭνġԭʵԭ˺öࡣԭֵ壬ʱȫˮɫҲֽǳ̳˺̹ܶһ㡣
߻ĵѪ⣬Ҳһ𱻳ˡ
Сڣ
һе˳ȥͬʱ磬һĺһͷɫСǳ˳һڽѪҧסˣĽڣֱӰȥ
С촽צԼĶӣƺΪ㡣ʱλС״̬ͷϵĶ֮⣬ǵģ
֮ǰͶԻĵѪ⣬жħ¶ǿҵڵĻѪ⣬һΪʵ飬ҲΪ˸Сɡ
һĻڳ˵ضµӣƷǸµӣѪ⾫󡭡
ι˹
Ҳ̫뺷ˣ

컯ʥĵĿѣԭɵҳ֣ڿȻڻĵѪιǵŭȼյ˼£
һ֣
ɱ
ʮ컯ʥصĵһܻͷһǰȫһЩȻǾķ֣Ǵˣúס
ǳ嵽ʮԶĵطֻԼĻ֮Уֱӽס޷ǰˡ
һǱһ˰УȫǷ̬ȫһʮˣһ⣡
ǿһˣǿһȺˣȫûбֳκβͬĵطҲûаĸо
⣡⡭
·ˣ˵ղƷһˣǻǿΪʥһšĻ
ôڣƷʮˣ˻ǲˡ
˭ֱһ㣡
Ҳûôǿɣ
۷׷׵ʱšۣһ죬һ컯ʥĵѾѿϻĵѪ⣬ˡ
ʼһɱ


1976 
ɱΪߵ̫ձˣĪ˵ӣǣɱһߵ磬ʱ
ϾԺޱȵ˵Ĵ򣬱һ֮𣬶ע֪ҲֻǾòһ츳õ񺣼Сˡ
ǣɱţɱһţߵ磬ȴΪ
ʮһôƽʱ˭ǣ˭ǣ
ֱһսΪأ
ʱǰʮ컯ʥƴȫȻ¼Ƕʮ˵ֲͬĻ֮Ѫܺһˡ
µνǽ̩ɽ
ʱѾˣһĻ˸еĿģ
ҪѹԵʵĲΪ츳츳ҲĻôǰӵ츳ʮ컯ʥ츳ܺͶҪ࣡
ⲻ
ۣ
һ죬˵ʥڵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ЩѪ⣬ȫιС
ĵѪУ̺˾˵Сθںõó棬һһֱ£׽Ҫ
ĸ컯컯ʥӣֱɱָоǰɱһöԷ޵ֿ֮
ɱɱÿɱһˣ컯ʥʧ֪ж󡭡
ӣզࡣ
Щ컯ʥŵĳɳĵرѻģ컯ʥ⼸㾡ȫġ
Ϊж컯ʥʸǾ׼ϧѪĽԴͶϣҰ컯ʥһľȫɳˡ
ټûĵѪǽоĸ죬˵ʮ˵Уÿһ˵ļֵҪһǧǵĵö࣡
ǸѾɱӣ컯ʥǧһ컯ʥӻ᪣ȴȫ¡
ɱȺˣͬڻ컯ʥȫѪˡ
ߵ磬üֵģ·߿ɱһˣǧĸоҲˡ
һһɱ˵ٶȺҪĥЩʥӣʵǲٿϸСԪɢʥĻ֮ѪһǳľĹҲ򵥡
Ϊȴ컯ʥЩŵĵѾεˣ
ƾ壬ֻ֮µζܵʹļ尾佫ĵѪӲڳͷƤ飬ټߣεʱҲ޲ȥˡ
СӣɱǣҲˣ컯ʥŹģ
һ컯ʥĵ֮ǰ˻Ϊ֮ǰһ˲䣬˵
ȻĿţȴʲôûܸı䣬ڵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ٴα
ɱ˺ɱ֮ڳʥߣ·ߣȡ֮
ûκĴɱЩˣüͷһ¡
ʱģסӵĽˣ۵ӰϢĿʼˡ
⼸ˣƮɽ
컯ʥӵĲǶë֫顣
ȻǱľⳡжȻǸ컯ʥһģɱ컯ʥĵӺ󣬺ܻܿɱڣ
ǡȥĶ
ɱʮ컯ʥ֮ͻȻתͷƮɽӡ
ɱôˣȴûմȾһѪɾӨ
һ˲䣬ĸƮɽ׹ѣ
Ϊ׵ĻŮӸɫҰף֪ʷΣ
ʱܱҲǺ
Լתһҧڵб¾Ͱڳȫɱˣɱ컯ʥƮɽеӵϢȻй¶ȥʱƱػ⵽ʥȫ׷ɱ
ǣ·߻壬ٹ̵ĳӻ㣡Ǹ࣬û񣡡
ŮӺٵ˵⽫תƣôˣԼվͬһսϡ
һԱֶΣŮԸеѸٻ̿ܶ˿ɫˡ
ȷǰӾ컯ʥֲϢй¶Ļɱ
㵽˭ƾ츳ܼҲƾð
Ůһζݡ
˿Űʥ컯ʥӵľţĴڣͲ
ңڷƮҡ壬͸˼ˡ
壬Ů鲻Խ˼ǧǰȻѾ䣬ķâʥ⵭Ҳβס
Ů㣬ǧųСֶо׹ǿƮɽĴߡƮ׷ɱˣ
һ񲻹ݶһʥ֣ȴ֪Ŀˣ
ˣӦòŮӷԺиողͷ
վ˵ķ򣬾ţҲǼǧĹˣ㲻Сڵʵ컯ʥӵռ䣬ڷѹ֮£ǧڷԼ֮£Ҳܷ˿ֲս
Ů˵䣬һֱƵĿ
ʱѾЩߣŮӿ£ˡ
ǿĿ⣬Щη壬ǰӣôжˣΪܹ컯ʥв֮»бӻĴһֶֻĳдѾվˣǰӣκһ
޵ı²
˵ķӦٿŮӵһ˿⣬ʱתƳޣŭڻѰתϧûκ壬ӵоԵʵ֮£˵
˳
ԽԽ౻Ů£ȥߣһЦ˵ҸѡȨѡվǸŮһߣ뿪пܻȥ
ͬħڳһһȺѾʶԶŮˡ
ˣΪŹôôһĻ龰ŮӾĺѾˣȻǲܸ
Ȼƾ󺰣뿪ˣԽԽܼ࣬򵥣ԿǸˣûʲôϣѡ˵ĲɱҲδء
ܿ죬ŮߣֻʣƮɽˡ
һɲǣˣ
ֵٶȼ죬һǹâգһ̣ǷʸаģŮӵĻԪ˲䶴Ѫ䣬Һһɳȥˡ
ģһƮɽĵӡ
úûκʥĴսƮɽҲˣƮɽĵӣͬմѪ
ʣһһŮƮɽĵӣûɱǣбá
һ֣ˡ
˾δɫ԰ףĿ⣬ֺ¡


1977 
ʱڳŵģֻʣƮɽĵӣмʮ·ĵˣĿתЩ·ӵʱ˵Ķס˺
ЩУ˼ͳһ̣ͷ߲ڵꡣ
ӷһϳ⼸ˣ
·֮һֵۣܣҲѪ
Ǽ
ָĵӣһʱ䣬˶ɫҰס
ǻķԸ˹
ǵľ񹥻ˣҪˡ
ָָƮɽӡ
ĵһڿˮΪʲôҪþ񹥻
ͨ࣬񹥻ôҲܣϾ򲢲ó
ɻɻĵӻˡ
ȻƮɽӵжǲûнǵĻ꺣ҪͻǵĻ꺣ɲ˼ǡô괴˲ףĵӿ˵ȫԸˡ
ڣĿ꣬ƮɽӶʶ㱵״̬
һӵ״̬ʮ⡣
ˣôˡ
˵ţ˶ɫ䣬׹ѣ㡭
Щ˷Ӧȫӿͬ緢ĺɫɽ
Ļ
˿ֲĻĵ˲䱻ˣ
ǳͣ۾Ҫɳˣôܣ
ҲǻǣԻ̵˽⣬ԭΪǸ࣬跽治жôڣʶҪõ񹥻ʱǳ֡
ڣۿ緢Ļֱ˾㤣
Ҫ֪·ѹ֮£磬Ļôﵽʲô̶ȣ»Ҳ˰ɣ
һ壬ڻϳ
ôǿʵ˿µĻǰӣѵ·ת
˻뷨ʵʵ龰̫𺳣ﲻɱðˡ
ʱһźɫǰתš
ɫƿصĻƣһ֣ΧĿռȫݣһڿռ۶źɫƺ֮У̺һʵ档
ɫ嵱Ȼħˡ
Щ꣬ѾָȫĻΪת̬ľĻͻľ磬˸Ϊ֮ꡣ
֮꣬بŲ䣬ĻǿϣȲЩ۷Ʒϣȴκܱȵģ
ʱ֮߶ħʹָ
һʱ䣬ɫ䣬޴Ƭռ䣬·Ӷе𣬻꺣ʧء
ʵЩڿħһ˲䣬۾ƲˡǷ·ΣգһУ۾ֻǵĻ꺣ҲΪħȫˡ
ôˣûһܷҪģĨȥ˹ڸղŷһеļ䡣
ٶȽ֮꣬ټħһ㣬񶼿
Ĩȥͺñһﷸڷ֮ĨȥԼķۼǾǵﷸûκ©еĺۼԼһ˿һƤмһøɸɾʱôҲûʲôֳ֤Ĳ죬ķֳҲ޲ߣɸΪ֮
ﷸΪ֪ĨȥЩ˵ļ䣬Щ˻ȥ֮̽ǵˣۣƮ
ʵȻԶЩ񣬵Ϊħ֮ڣĨȥַϣϵڶûܵһˡ
Ĩÿ˵м䣬˼飬ȷûһ˿һۼ֮󣬽ֿʼαˡ
Ĩȥ䵼µļհ޷ͣȻҪαµļ
ȻĨȥףα䣬ȴѶȴܶࡣ
ƾα죬޷֤ס
а취Ǿǣ조ʵĻЩ侳ĿҪǿ龰
Щ龰ˣͻŸղŷһжġ
ԼΪˣôȻˡ
ĸ֪һЩԭļ䣬ܿʲôأ
ԣα䣬ǵ֮£Щ·Ʈɽĵӣӵʵļ䡣
ǣĲٿ£Щ·ĵӵļصǿˮйͷֵһ̡
Ϊ˶ᱦϵ·ֳ컯ʥƮɽĵӼս
컯ʥĵӷ׷ױٻ˻֮Ѫء
ʱĿռͻȻɫ䣬췣
һʱ䣬޷۳ף˶ʮ컯ʥϣֱ췣лҷˣ
αԨħڵļ󣬶⣬췣ٵĻ󣬱ľ֣һ档
һ㣬ƾЩôΪ޷⣬Ǻʵʮһ
ĨɱԨħҲ컯ʥһʱ֤Ͼÿ仯Ī⣬ĹҲ޷壬컯ʥʾԲ뵽֮ǰͨӼ俴ģޱʵ췣龰ʵͨαġ
û꣬׼ͷϷոտʼ
컯ʥĵӱĨɱ֮·ӣΪᱦֶƮɽĵӳˡ
ƮɽŮڵӱɱ֮ߡ
ߵԭ·Ϊżڶ˲ȥ׷
һУʮֵı棬Ҳʮֺ
ĵƾʵƣ˱ӣ
ӵļУҵһЩõϢǾǴһЩһʹõߣзӺܴãŻ󣬱õļķȡ
ЩȻûˣӾĻУЩȻʹˡ
ǿǶǶ£ټòײ߱˦ˣӽһɽɽȡ
дϲΪԤϵĵı
ڽϽоһ£ܾܲ͵ʹõҡڲʱǱһĻˡ
ħͻȻ緢ɭɭħ
Щħ۳һ޴ĹͷһʼˮгֵĹͷм֮
̫󣬷Բǧ˶ܿ
ǣ˶ˣӵλȻҲű¶ˡ
·ĵӣɱƮɽ˵ĵӣҲʧܵĹ
ĵӾĪ֮ǰƾӳ죬ôˣǶҪˣ㲻ãҪ컯ʥӵĺ󳾣
ʱǾ޴ĹͷͻȻɢ˷ԲﷶΧ˶˺֮Уʧȥʶ
Ҳһ֡
ΪľǴټ䵽ʵĹɡ
ڼαַѾھʮ죬ûа취ȷЩֽŵСټɵʵһ˲䣬ôһ˿˿㯺ãȻ
Ȼֻһ˿ĸ֪֮£ȴпܱ̽鵽
ιȥǾͻ֮ǰһжĲ棬ô̽飬ֻ̽鵽ǡȫʵļˡ
ЩʱЩСǣѾתƵ·ɽˡ
Ҳȥģڻ£Լɹȥġ
;ľȫʵ
ǻڿܵĶ˵ı飬ҲڻΩΩФ
ƮɽشĵӣҲһȦ֮󣬵ȵͷ֣ǲŲĵ˻
ʱ򣬹ͷԡ
һжȱȻЩ֮󣬾֮ˣǸʱٽ
Щ˻Ϊڶħγɵ֮£ôãҲĲϮ
ǲеңĵӡ
ΪǴ˼Ļᣬ֣֮ᷢħڱ֮ʧˣȥǲ֪ùǣ˻ΪħУ춼˵塭

ʱѾʼǰĵˡ
ħѾֽ䡣
ԱС˯ħռ䣬ɵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ڱںϳһɫûü
һΣνض顣
ûʱȥоħֻܸ̺ܵžޱȵ۶ԼǶСĺô
Ĳ㵽֮䣬ڿ飬Ƕ㵽ķ֮һ
һĹؿʮ̨ʵǣһΣˣ˻ɱĿ飬ȻҲû⡣
̤֮ͨ˵㣬ʱԺһ
𡭡
ЩЩƮ죬ΪϤ
Щ꣬ħ֮£ȻѾ𣬵ʼûϨʱ䣬ڳ˯
΢΢һЦ˵ǰô


1978 ս
ˡƺ˯ǧɣ
ţ׼ȷ˵һǧʮꡭ΢Ц
һǧǰ˶̶ʮ죬ٶȳ˯һֱ˯ڡ
ħȹЧǲòֻҪڳ˯״̬ȲҲǿ
һΣһС鷳ˡ
𵭵˵컯ʥħȻưոݣʵҪ컯ʥֻ·֮ڣƾ·ıӻ컯ʥӦòóȻ֡
ҲѭѣǰгܶǰֵϢҲ
ӦƽǸԹˡ컯ʥƮɽĵӳ֣ΪԭǵжԹϵҲ˵ǸոڶᱦʱѾɱ˺ܶ·ӣǣδǧڣҪȥ忡ܾҪӲ֪ˡ
ҪԸֻۣĵӣûʲôԹЩˡ
ǰԹֻأѭ
ĶԹͻȻпԴԼӡħ֮УΪѾ˰ɡ
ЩҲֻǸһЩ鷳޷ҡĸ
ĵ˵ͷҲָܹʲôսתһ컯ʥʵעˣңҸоδù컯ʥʣܻᷢһЩɵɡ
˻᲻սҪĿΪڸԼٶѡ
ţסİΣҪй¶ԼϢʲôҪշ
˵ţٴ˳˯
ڵʵǲĽ飬ҪɴתתΪ벽𾳽磬ܳȥ
ȴо𾳽磬Ҫ̫õʱ䡣
ͬʱ߷ּ˴ת£Լ֮ڣ޷ͻ
ٶȣȵҪࡣ
컯ʥӣ͸ˡ
תĴۡ
ʱѾ̤㡣
ڲľȻÿһζб仯ȴһֱ䣬عߣǲͲ
꣬ʥϣɱ롣
һһ㣬һˣԲ벻档
˴תռ˹ƣĹûܸʲôвƾԼԻ淨⣬ȫɱܿˡ
滯ɷ˵ֶĿһС
ûйǵȴ˵ûһֱɲ
ѡػߵĲ̬ɱΪõߵɶȡ
Ϊűơ
¡¡
ؼкʼۣڸ߿֮С
µıһƬգĿں۵ĵ㣬ĵʼ۳һֻ㺮ˡ
źĻֻۣԽԽؼıϢҲɲǼ

زһһɱӵ߸
ǣ֮һ˿΢Цǧ꣬佻ˣ
ǵʥʩչ֮յĵס˲Ĺȵþɱʱųϰǹȫһɱ
һΣȴûдȴڲֵһ˲䣬ֱӳ˳ȥ
ֱ۷״̬ĲǴ벻沫ɱ
˷ľٶʥҲһ𺳡
ˡ
һԶĳǹֽзɳ
ǹѾǧδˣ⼸ǧ꣬Ҳδ۷״̬£ȫ֡
񣬰ǹػУ˷ܵ·һ̣һͷ꣬ǹϸգ
أ
һɹɺ۳ԽԽ׳ĺ֮УŭˣƺŭھȻһ࣬ҪսȨ
˹ٶȿ쵽£ϹŴڲÿռ䷨£һչǾ
ȻٶѷϹŴҲûѷɫ٣Ȼͬģڲÿռ䷨£ٶȣʵٶȣŻᳬǵķӦ
ΪĹĲȫץסۼ
ݣ
˲ǰǺľ޴צӣһצץ
һצ֮£˺κ飬֮£ᱻͬʱꡣ
ԣҪ㿪ĹǼ򵥵ٶȾ㹻ҪܿⲻЯ
ͫ屩ˣһɲǣȫð˺ɫĻ棬գ⣬ֱմ˺
̤գͬһʧٶȣ粻ʶԥʩչ˿ռ䷨Ȼۿռ䷨˦֪٣Ķÿռ䷨򣬲Ҳƾ跨򲨶λá
һɲǣѾ˲
ͷ־ſŴǣЩǵĹԣע֮Уڵϸ췣˫Ŀһһ
ǹйע˾âźĴƣݺݵ£
꣡
Ǿµף˲ı֮ϡ
֮ԱɽȻһǹȥ֮󣬲ȫ飬ЩıҲҵѿ衣
ɫѪ֮ʵѪĺ֮۳ҺϵܵõһΣ
ŭˣػѾ֪꣬ڼ䣬˻ɵıδˣܹ
һٶ
ǣ
ձᣬ飡һտɫĹӲ¶ֱؿڣ
ǿʮֿ£ҪԶԶѹƺΪ
Ͼ۷״̬Ĳʱ򣬾ĬΪܱ۷״̬»ܡ
ûܣ˫ͫȻף֮ͫϣķӻƣһ˲䣬ͫ
ͫգ
ĿֻһɲǣúϤУǲĿ⣬ĺɵķṹ
ȫ׻ֳ֮޴а֮ӰײµֱңԪ糱
ڷѹ֮£ΪĲ㱻ֲıӲĴɢˣ
ԽԽŭս
絶һ˫צһǿµ
¡
һײ嵹ɳȥȴ·磬ٶȳ벻սһ
ĲɱĶԾеİǹȫһĺУ
Χɱȫܲסµ籩¡¡̮
Сɽһĺ׹䣬ڴ֮ϣɱˮĩհ龰


1979 ߲
꣡
ڽⲫĳ־սУڱУǿµķצżʮɳɭ֮⣬
Ѫ䣬˲䱻ⶳɺɫıͬһɳȥصڴ֮ϣ
¡
أһѺۣһ֣տɫ֮Уһ˿Ի԰Хһ⺮ֱɶ£
Ȼӽߵһ˲䣬ɫǹâЯƣ籡һУ
һǹâ˲ؿڣ
һУϵɫëٶմȾѪ
һ򣬻ʮټϵǵļӳ֣ѾӽǿһȻûܶ
޾ĺڹûڿоҵķԲǧıƣȫɢˣ
ʱȾѪӶѵıг˲һĳڲıһǹ£
꣡
һ죬ıβɫѪҺô򵥣ͬʱ˿˿ơ
ζţĺ򣬳϶
ڼ
ʵȻܶʱɱܸò£ѾζţһսӮˡ
Ĺ򣬵ػߣڲ滹ǲ̬£ȫ֮󣬾ͻĹһδЩľɺ浰
⺮浰͵㡣
ԽԽ͵Ķ֣۷״̬ʱκô֮󣬾͸ǿ֪ˡ
ԣһǹڲʱⳡսĽͻ˶֡
ĸҲơ
һǹһǹͷ
һĹУϵԽԽ࣡
һë׷Ʈ䣬ɵɫѪҺҲ
䣡
һ죬ҲܲסϵĴƳױѣ֮ɢڿбˣ
С
µĺϯγ˱籩ǰĲĺУһ
Ŀˣڱ䵰֮ǰͱɱˣ
ңƾһˡ
粻˵·֮󣬰ʷϣδ顣
ŲʼڻѩҲȥռ䣬ָֻԭӡ
ǣһԼɶȡ
ʵϣʱѾɶʲôҪĵ߲㣬õ顣
ѡѵķʽɱΪ˼Լʵ
ɶȣٷ֮ʮ壡
ɶȣֻһɱʱ򣬸߳ѡ
²⣬ܹһ˻ɱѾõȫɶˣԼڣڳɣǿµ·˶ûϵ鷢ʶûжƶ
ٷ֮ʮ壬ɶȣĵ߲ˣ
ţ̤㡣
ĵһƬ磬աضһɫ壬ֻ޾ķ·ǵأΪһΨһľֱˡ
ûʲôΣգϢͷŽһ㡣
ϴһʱ򣬽Ѿõˡ
һΣΪԵ߲֮
¡¡
߽شʱ򣬴ȥγһƬ޴Ԩ
ƬԨף·ƺһ档
Ԩ룬һ޴ĺʯܻš
ʯܣ̵һսֳǹɫսףȫƬ̤ȫ£һɹϡ̵Ϣľ
սս֮ϣۡ
ڰ۵ԱߣѾһΣʮϤ֣ʮ죬޴У˽ܣߣԵ֮ˡ
ȫĲһٶ֣˵ģ⿪߲ԿסԵ֮
Ե߶ԣԼȥҵ񣬵ȴҵ㣬Եߣ㽫͵УҲϵá
ʱôãѾ룬ֻڣʱڳ죬˿߲ʱˡ
һ̣ʮֵ
ķɵ޵֮ǰһһó
β࣬е·ȴȫͬԾͨ޷֮䣬˵ķϵǱԿ̵·Ҳƺгͼ
˫ۣĸ޵ܺԵ֮ϵʼ񣬰޵ϡ


1980 Ĺ԰
һһڰϣ·϶ȫǺϣһ̣Ŀâͬʱ·գ˿ռС
壬ֱӱ˽ȥһתһ̣ѾһƬɫ
һν֪߲ڣ֪Ե֮ǿ߲Կ׵ʱһֱ룬߲㵽׻ʲôӡ
ĳЩĿ飬Ǵ⽱һ㣿
뷨õԵ֮ʱ򣬸ǿˣΪڴڼܵĥѣֿ͹ԭ߲һơ
죬̤߲㣬һˡ
ʱǰ龰ȴе𺳣Ծ
ǡһƬĹء
һɫ磬ջ磬ػߣƬϣһһǧķĹ
ЩĹֻռһɼأͳһɻɫߺɫʯɵķĹ͸¶һׯµζ
֪󷨵ıֻĹʯӳ֣֮ʱȥЩĹȱֻǴ¿дıϣܶһģµϢ
ߵһĹ֮ǰĹ֣Թϵ̳ɣֻȼ֣ʼ׺֮Ĺ
˵Ĺһ϶ӡӵ
ĹʲôûУֻĹ˵ֺͳƺš
ʼ֣Ӧ֣Ҳʮ֮һ
ӡУûйڻʼļ䣬Ⲣ֣̫ԶˣʮĳƺıҲΪ档ο˵ǰʮÿһ춼ֻʮ챻ʮ죬ġ
׺֣ʮֹŹֵϣҲʮֹŹֵ֣԰ǰĹ˵·ʱеְɡ
ڰ׺ߣȻĹ˵ķš
ʲôǲĳƺţĻƬռв֪ĹѵÿһĹеĹˣϵǿô
ЩˣҪ֪Ųλ
ʥ塢죬ÿĿҲǹǧˡ
ǰһĹ԰¼Ļʵеš
Ȼ˵ǰǰԵҲ̫塢ưʮʱӢűȻ˵¼ǾЩˡ
ţƵĹĺ棬ﵹǸ˵ĹƣĹ˵Ĺ־
һٶ֣֮󣬰զ࣬Ĺ˹Ȼ𼶵ǿߣһһŵڣһЩģϢ²⣬ܻ൱һλλ
Ȼһǰ콾³ȴǣʬ䲻ὣڴˡ
Ĺֻһڣû⡰塣
ֿ꣬һĹ춥ħԵ֮Ĺ
춥죬ûһ죬ҽ֣ڰǰ춥ҲʮбȽ϶һɣ
ĹԵһŮӣĹ־ļأҲ츳׵֮ŮһҫۣȻ³ǣսʮƽ٣ǰڴˡ
ĹֻԵ¹ڣ
һ·ȥʱĽܳЩ˱˳ƽʮĲͬ棬Ǹߣ
ǵʵڵй֮޲
Щˣ˭ģսסս£һЩĹǰʹùĶȵȣеˣֻһ鱮һǣĹʲôûС
֮⣬ЩĹ־Уֹһˡʮƽ١ʡ
ħԵսʮƽ١
ʥΣսʮƽ١
Σսʮƽ١

²⣬ЩںƽٹרΪĹڣΪս֮ѾȥѰЩ˵ʬˣԾֻ¹ڣһ
ʶЩĪĸл
ʷɲһٶáƽ١ݵѱΡ
ÿһΣ֪жǿһ壬Ż
Ĺ־еʮƽ٣Ȼƽٲ㣬Ӱ
꣬ЩΪƽսľǿǣ߳ƣ۰һϵģҲֻһһɼ¹ڣˡ
û˼ǵǵ֣û׷ǵƽеֻһĹ
뵽Щꡣ
ǿˣǿ壬Ƿ޾ʱ֮Уеһ˻ѣʱѤޱȣĻʱֺܿʧڳ֮Уʲô
ҲߣʻԭǲϵȥѰȻվû˳ɹ
Ҳʮƽ٣ǰǰһսɣǳս̫ɲʢ˥䣬ս֮·˺͡ʥ䡷Ҳʹʧ٣Ǹ´֮ء·ԭ棬ôЩĹڣ·ô
лЩͷûȥ˼ˣ֤ˡ
ĹƯŵĻɫǰɢȥƬĹصľͷ
һ£
֮£Ԩ޾ǿգ
ָоͷ·һعŴ½ǿˣ
վ±ϣǳңԶ˸į䣬Ƿ·Ѿޱƾõ£һһֱȥ
ǿ֮Уھ֪ԶĵطƯһ޴İɫ̨ɫ̨˲䣬һ۾ҲƲˡ
ɫ̨һž޴ǳϵ³ַ׶Σ̨б̨ףһʮס
̨
ͫһ꣬μһ临˵ĵص㣬Ƿ̨
̨ǺķƷʱõʮǰķ̨һƬƬ뵽ԼķƷУǿ̨ӵһ˿Ϲŷ̨ԡ
Ȼʵʮǰġԭ桱̨ҲǷƷ
ûв´μ·տ飬ڵĲ̤ʱٵĿ̨
̨ǰ̨ǾͲ̫ˣ
ǰ̨ɢϢ̺ĿľоԳܡ
ҲʱڵĲ㵽Ƿ̨ʵ̨ͶӰ
̨Ͳз̨Ӧֻ̨֣Ϊ
ţڿնСģǿ̨ȥ
ʱٶĻǿķ̨Ŀһ˿֮ɫ
ʮ̨Ķˣˣ
һˣˡȻ༫Զֻܿģİ׵㣬֪һɨǿǵò
ˣɫۣòϣ΢ЦƺרŵԼ
һ£΢΢ԥ߷ȥ


1981 ػ
ԶԶľڹĦߣʵֹһμڿһˣ֮ǰĺɫޣٱ۵·Ӱ
Щˣǿµһʶˡ
ǰվڷ̨ϵߣȴãǻˡ
оȡ
ˣ·ʲôϵɣ·ûʲôܻôö
̨ڵǧɹƬգ̤Ϸ̨Ƿ̨Сһ̨棬ǼˣҲзԲʮֿ㡣
ߣվھʮԶĵطò飬΢Цѷֱǵ塣
ǰ
һ֣ò˵ƣƺһ˫ֵ̥ܡ
߲˵ֻǿĵͷ
ǰ֪γƺ̧ͷ̫ĻҪʣһʱ֪Ӻ
ҽСһ֡һź˵
īһ˵
֣߻ЩģΪߣ۾ǱɫģȪˮһ峺
һߣ۾Ǻɫ
ƺǵֶܸ۾ɫϹ
ǣôͣ۾ȴӤһʵ˳档
ߵʲô磬ϿǸͨ졣
ðһ䣬֪λǰǣʵ
ǡҲ·ػߡ
ػߣǰػãһʵ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ǿڵʵ̫ˣػڣֱ˼顣
ػɣǲˡ
ЦеĿ˵пһ£ܻ꣬ôô
֪ܻãһ˵ͻһԪԭҲˣҲˣе㲻ˣ
ԭƳң֮ʱ䣬Ƕڳ˯ʱжȹ
ɻ˽͵ȻǾľҲƵ֮󣬺ֳ֢ˣȻţȫнĸоûǰ塣
׼ȷ˵ǡһ壬ϵ飬֮ǵĪ˵壬Ǳ̫嶼ҪƳ౶ټʱһЩ֮ʮԪ
ػ·ʹѾػˡ
ĵһأȻŽΪʲôػڣǸеĪľʱ䣬ʵ̫Զˣʱڣƽ٣кܶ𡢶ʢЩ˥˥šǾ͸ʤ
һ壬ȴ˰꣬ҰһֱԼʹľ
顭Ҳ
Ϲŷĵ飬Ǹ飬Զûǰλǿ
ǺǣСܲǧǰڴĵĵۿʯҼأ
īڣϳԸɳƣһ𣬡ۿʯ
Ȼǵã·ʱڴСħɺͶһۿʯ֣Сħɶ˿ֵƺʮֵܹ˲ࡣһǧİʮµСʣ伫̫ƴҲˣȤԻȥ
û뵽ʱ߾ע⵽ԼˣģǸʱԼڵԼ𼫴߾Ȼһϳ
λǰôϳģȻ飬ʱ컯ʥһϳͱˡ
Ϊ񡭡ڵ޷򣡡īָСƺʲô飬㷢̥ǵı仯ϸֱ棬ǻϲ㣬Яĵ޷򲻻²ôɵ顣
ī˵ţһԼ̥֮󣬲·컯ʥǿġ
ɣӣҴȥҪĶ
˵ţ̨֣̤ȥ
˲ûзɶԶһƬ֮󣬳֣һǿձ˺ˣзɳһͭ顣
ͭķϣùд˼֡飿
飬дϲҪҵģ顷֮ƪ
룬Ҳõˡ顷ȫˡ
⻹꣬īʱҲգӿռ϶֮Уóһ߹Źףһɫס
ŹׯϹӣƣֻǿһۣͲµʲô
һǡ顷Ӧˡ
֮󣬾룬ΪɣںΨһҲ̤һոµľ磡
ףּΪϤĸоƺȫѪĺӦš
꣡
γ˰ǹɫ׶Ӧ߾Ĺƺԭһ׵ġ
Ըȫ˸֮⣬ֱǿ밵ǹϣԷӳǿս
īĽ͵˫ֽӹף֣صһ˵лǰ
лңⶼµģֻػǰˡ
֪ī˵·ˡ
·ˣ̫Ķ֪ʵһֱһЩ⣬֪ʲʡ
ʰɡЦ˵
һڵ֪ǰ߳Ƶ·ˣڣǷ񻹴䣿Ǵڣǰ̫ƺǰɣ屻𡭡ǰ


1982
˵ʹסˣоԼʵе񣬵ȷʵдɻһֱԤ·˲ûȥ̫ĸ·ΪʲôŲأ
ĿţԼԽԽ˥䣬ֱô
˵̾һЩ鲢㿴ô򵥣ˣĿԡ
ûֱӻش⣬֮·ˣȷʵ䣡
Щ꣬ȥĶˣ
˿µһ˵˰꣬ое㲻
꣬ûһ˿ۼô
пǾ˲֪˥漰·˵ļ塢ţ壬Ӷô
ҡԪƳΪʲôô´У·ʥ䡷ߴԭ棬Ǵڵʲô
ǰ·ֻΪѡһô
о·˴˺һ磬ֻΪѡһˣƺЩǣǿ
·˵һ塣ģ֪ʱȻͻ֪֪ʱҲûá
ī˵ûлش⡣
ԥһ£ʵ֪ǰ˵֪ʱʲôʱ򣿡
֪ʱ򣬾ԼˣӳΪֵʱ򡣡
ζ˵һƿԼˣΪ֡
Լ·
ı飬īЦЦ˵ҲԷƱܳΪӣѾ˲ˣʮ̫Ӵˣϵӣȴûж٣ÿܳΪӵˣǾ˽ܡˣӶ㲻ϣֻϵĳˡ
˾ˣǰһɶˣҲǵڶԵ֮ˣǰ;󡣡
ڶǵһ˭ЩȻ
ī˵СԵˡۺ֣Եֻ֮Ե֣ԵߣУһԵ֮ģʮǰķ𡣡
𣡡
һʮǰ䣬һ֮û뵽ҲԵ֮
Ҳ޹ַ˷̨Ŀ˷̨ıˡ
̨
תͷԶķ̨ԽԽо̨һͨĵ߲㣬ƺס޷֮ԵĻشƣ
̨ʲô
ûжʣ֪ӦҲԼΪ֮֡󣬲̽ˡ
ֻʵλǰ꣬ҲôǷҲõ˵·µ
ͷҲȲ㡭޷ˡ·ƳĲֹһס
ĻǺܻ˴·趨ı׼õԼĻԵ
ڷµĴУʱõһغ󷨡ĲƬδҵҲ֣ԼĹҲǶйأʵ뽫ںϣʺԼĹǼΪѵ顣
λǰ֪飿硭ʮǰ١
ʣѾԵ֮񣬿ʮǰĴ֮Уп
˴˼ûսʤʥô
ʮǰ٣īı飬Ȼһɾ⡣
ī˵һ˲˽ܣ٣ΪѾλһͻ񾳽磬ܳΪһ
īĵһ仰͸˷𼫸ߵۣ̫ʱλȻǷëǣһʱۻҲĿɹۡ
Щλնûͻ񾳽īԿͻ񾳽ݷǾǿµˣ
ϧǴԭĴ٣ȴ⣬ʥʥʣԨħ֣ĻģҪڵĻĻҪֲȻǿ󣬵Ŀʥ񣬻൱Ļģ֧š
꣬ʵҲ·ǾǷ壬Լһ뿪ǰ·磬ôԷʵʥѽΣȻѡȴǣΪսգһȼ֮𣬽ĵӡҲɱʥ񡭡
īĵĵʷΪԣʮǰһսĲֺ꣬Ϊķͬľ⡣
ĴУ𡢻ԪеΪĲ֪Ѫдġ
ûǣԼܳɳõħ֮ȴ嶼Ѿ˥ֻʣһЩڹӲдȥѰҴкԴأ
ĬĬĽЩģ˵ʲôͻȻԺлһ⡣
ղī˵ǡ
һȼ֮𣬽ĵӡҲɱʥ񡣡
ĵӡ
ͻȻԶŵ۶£Ǹζصķ
Сڣҵ󷨡
ӡѵ
Ƿ֮зӡģǻĵ꣡
ԭǸʱ֣εµķӡж
ټϲӡѹʮ꣬ʲôȿµķлʮꣿ
ӡĿƺҪһֱȥ鶼òʹøط
ӡǣǿԪҲò˼ġԨħģһУԽˣ
뵽м
컯ʥܹĿƻģøʡʻģȻ󽫻ĵѪʹãһУΪĵѾѹˣ
ʧȥĻģһֻбܵĴټ컯ʥк飬Ȼ׸ˡ
Լܹ취ƿػĵ꣬ǽΣ
ī˵ĻиһмֵҪ鱨
ڲӡʣڵ1150н֮⣬һǧŰµʱҲһǧŰǴʵѾˣûעǵĻԻȥ
ΪȷϣʵλǰȻ֪һսôǷ֪õӡӡĵ꣬õĿ鱦
ӡ𡭡ī΢΢˵ӡͷ̨ǷеõĲϴģ꣬ǷҪķĄ̊́б÷飬ӡĵ̵꣬ģȷʵǲӡ
īͳˣƺԷΪ˽⣬ҲΪΪʱΨһһԵ֮ˣһУ·ػ߼ע


1983 Ͽ֮
λߵĻһ˿ǣҪ촦ĵꡣ
Ȼĵ¾ʮѹҲȻöԸԼڵľ磬ǻ
뻹ҪΪ
֪ӡ黹жõԪһ鱦ıܴڰʱ䣬ȴ޷ôãͬ
еİǹͰǵѾȥˡ
ʲôôЦеĿ
һ£˵⣬һǹڡʥ䡷ģλǰ֪һ״У
ʥ䡷īͳˣƺĳЩ֮Уʥ䡷ĴߣǵĲ˵Ķ֣ȴ΢СĲ֣֮ٺǳѡ
˵ЩǰʷЩʷǵʮּԣȴ֪п漰ء
ôʡ
ҡͷֻ˵ػߣԲû˽⡭
λǰ֪ϵеУǷһŮӣ츳ߣҾͨ򣿡
֪ģؾĺǰһʥһģһľŮӣҲһսĶ֡
֪ʥʲôϵ
Ȼ⣬ûеõ𰸣ٴҡͷȻǶ԰ǰ飬Ҳ֪Ĳࡣ
΢΢ʧֱĸеܣʥܴĪϵ
ֵһ⣬λǰǷ֪֮ʯ飬һɫĿƬ
һֱеʣһɫĿƬ֪䡣

ߵĿζ
صĶǺʹˣ˵֮ǰйĴ˵ڲͬʱͬ˿Уӵвֶ֣ͬǶԣûʲô塭
ΪһԪµĶδɳĴ磬ҲϸԪ̮γɵġ
Ԫһǵһ˵
ΪʮҲڵʮ棬Ǵ޵Уڱγɵġô汬֮ǰӦûһ棬ҲҲʮ죬Ҳʮ죬Ҳֻһ죬û˵׼Ǹʱ򡣡
˽һĵչḶ́ΪһԪ
ֱǡ񡯵ۣôӦʡ²⣬ϸ̺֮ʡȻ۶ǵĴڼΪأҲõеһҲ˵ɫƬ
ߵĻһ·ˣõϿ
ʵԭƵĲ²⣬ɹ··ϿΪġ
ϿǰУ
ڡīҡҡͷˡ
⡭ˣѵʲôˣܴǰеϿֻߣǰϿˣ
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
岻µϿ˵ڵ֮ǰоǿߣҪΪǣܹ컯࣬ʱʮ棬ΪһѪȷ磬ͼľǿȥˣȴǿ߷У׷ʧˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
˺ö꣬ٴγ֣˾޴ķ粨ٶʧǾ䣬ǵĳ֣٣
Ҳ͹ǿߣ䣬Ÿһ嶼Ͼ
˶ķ꣬ԣΪʷô䣬ȴδıƺԶȥһֱڵ渲һ졭
渲֮µ棬ͻΪݻĻֻһͺͼ֤ߣԭǳȻĴڣܹõģֻǵһ΢԰ˣվ֮·߶ԶҪԼ
Į䣬Ϊǣ޾ķ粨ԣǶ޹ؽҪС£ϵĳһ㣬΢
һ˶׷Ҳ͵ˣһйΪһԵ֣;ǿߣҲ޴ֻⶼԵ
УϿıīֻ࣬˵ܵĻ˼֮£Ҳӵ߻תָˣҪִţΪԵǿġ
˵Щ֮˳˼
һУԵô
Լȷʵ׷Ͽ컯ʥʵϣڲܵõڲ²⣬ǷܣϿ·ȻڣתĻϿ׷һӵࡣ
·˵ȷʵǳʵֻļ֤ߣǿߣȴǻ֮·ǿԼ߳ġ
ллλǰˡ
λ߹һ񣬶Կʥ壬ҪԼȥս
ЦûʲôлģֻǸ֪飬õĶħǵɱһֻԨħıѪ֮Ϊõϡ顷õ˼ĺô
˵ţصĵ˵ͷջȷʵ̫ˡ
λ̸߽ʼж顷ʱӵˡ
ʱ޺ϣ·ʵ컯ʥƮɽڽŵĵȴǵĵӹ


1984 
ãã޺һۺ̨Щۺ̨ϣƼʥǶ·ʮĸ·ǿߡ
Ƭ컯ʥӱ˫֣˿ĽУǰĳˮչ⣬мʱҪˡ
컯ʥɳȥĵӣڶħϢ
֧飬컯ʥһѡֲ֮Ѫʱ컯ʥʳ֣ʱ䣬컯ʥڲٳ֣˵֧컯ʥӵĵϵҲ컯ʥ֤ԼҪʱˡ
ңħһʥʵ컯ʥӱҲõô֮ǽôҪˣô컯ʥܷ飬컯ʥʣҲʮʧ
컯ʥȻѾΪʥʥʵļ̳ߣĵλȫɶҡϾ컯ʥʵպ˭֪᲻ᵮʲô컯ʥӣ츳ߵһ컯ʥӱץһлṮԼԼʵ
ʶٽʱ̣컯ʥƽ
һˮⲽĳʲô⡣
ʱ򣬳ˮͻȻһ£컯ʥһ֪Ϣ컯ʥϵ
Щӣ컯ʥֻǸϵһΣǵڶΣ컯ʥ˵ûҪ飬ǲֵġ
£
컯ʥӿˮгֵӣĹ
컯ʥʿ컯ʥӣɫ΢ڵڴ˴ʥǲµĻ֮Ѫ⣬ʧ֮һ
컯ʥʵĻ컯ʥһͣʧ֮һ
ζţ컯ʥɳȥĶʮӣѾȥ߰˸ˣ
ʧѾ൱ˣ
ÿһˣ컯ʥͶԴѪԣǵʵҪ˴ӵƽʵ࣬ôʧô
ǡʲôʱȥģ컯ʥЩţģĵЩ˲ܽħ
ʱ㣬ٽĲʱ򣬶󡭡ϵȥ֮Ѫ⣬ڳ١Ҳ˵ÿһʱ䣬ȥһˡ
컯ʥֻܸܻ֮ѪĴڻ֮ǰܵģСڣĻ֮Ѫ⡣
СѪٶȣʱ죬ʱ˵ǳļ֮һ컯ʥʸеĪˡ
ħĵĲ㣬ջµĸ֪ӻĵѪ⿪ʼʱɳȥĵӦѾħõˣ֮ΪʲôȥֻЩ˽㣬ڵˡ
컯ʥüͷĲ²⣬ǿĲ²⡣
ʵ컯ʥӺ컯ʥԶٴҲֻôĪϢԭʱ顣
컯ʥӵ컯ʥʵɫ㣬ĵ㣬ԲͲĸʼ
ʱǸ컯ʥӵǣһԶħΪأԷ
Ͳý룬ⷢ⣬öħʧѵЩӽԼɶ߷磿
컯ʥӵϥصܽ޷ٹʱǾҪˣȻʥɷʹǣ
ԸǴضħȥɣ
컯ʥʵӰʧ˿˿⣬컯ʥɫܲÿ
Ȼ컯ʥʴϢЩŭ֤һ㣬ǾڵĲرգʱ컯ʥĵӻıô£ǵõħĸʲ˵ʮþҲˡ
Ͼ컯ʥӶִľʮģţڵʱ£ûκһĵܹġ֮šκвʮ컯ʥӣȫԽȫ
뵽컯ʥİһ㣬˫֣Ϸȥһ̣ĵѪ䶯γһѪͨ컯ʥӷɳ˻ĵڡ

޺ƿĺˮͬٲһ£ӴޱȵĻ֮޺и컯ʥӣվڻĵı棬ֶӢ˲
Уһˮɫĳȹ׿Լ̤ŮӣĿ컯ʥһۣĿӹһ˿֮ɫ
ŮӣƮɽƮµһ״ӡӡ
ƮɽӴӣòڣʳ׽ĸо
Ʈɽ컯ʥȻͬһ˴֮侺ҲС컯ʥӺӾͲ·
ǸĵһܣֱΪʥĽܡ˭Ҳ˭
٣ӶƮɽ
컯ʥӷգλãñӸ߳һʹ컯ʥӿԾӸµӡ
Ȳ컯ʥʮɳȥ׼еĺôˣ
Ӳʾ컯ʥӵǷһ˿΢Цȫô˵ǵõļֵ±˵õĶֵܼ󡭡
컯ʥ˵仰˶Уֻֻ֮컯ʥ֪ô˵ѾǰѶħļֵ˵˲֪٣Ϊ˱ħ죬ټٵΣ˸׼컯ʥջ
Բŵӣ컯ʥӲмһЦ硣
˵ģ컯ʥʣ֮ĵӣͱȻƵջ񣬰컯ʥʵƲ⣬Щ˾Ȼȥ㣬Ȼ˵ΥȥĻɶȶȻߣ컯ʥ׬档
ʥļһ·ǵĵˡȺУ˿컯ʥӺӵ֮ôһЩʣִһЩŭ˵
ϵܣ˵ΣҲ׼㣬٣Ҳĸӵɶȳٷ֮ʮ˳ٷ֮ʮɡ
·е֮һȻǵƽʱʣڣΪʥĴںͽ·ϣһЩ߸ȥˡ
ٷ֮ʮֻĿ꣬ҲܴﵽġĵӣĿǵ㣬Ӧܹõɶȵļӳɵġ
ӵһ벽˵ǵĺ΢΢Ҳǹ˾һʤȻȴǫ鼸䣬ȴѾȲĵŽˡ
㡭һʮΣգӶ˵ãټ໥֮£Ӧ
׷׹άͬһĵһսһȺһЩĵһͬԸػߣ˵ɱ֣õɶȴġ
ʱ޺ĺͻȻ˾޴УһĶںг֣һ޴Ұ֮ڣڲϵɺˮ
ڿˣ
дгĵӣᱻ漴͵Բĺ򣬶Ȼڹۺ̨ۡ
Ǽ֤һĳɹʱ̣


1985 粨
֪ڵļСô
̫ҵģǵ̫ǳܹ˳ɷ֮ŵҾ֪ˡ
һЩŵĳ˽ﴫǺܶţʵûŪƵΪһЩɺϺˣżõĵӣټһʸδϣ棬䣬Ǿʧ̫ˡ
ˣҰѩڵĵӣ
һߴЦ˳˵ķȥһ껺͵ۺֻ̨мԶУһӾͱŵ˷ˡ
Щӭȥ鿴ŵûˡ
ʱһҵڵӣЩӶûĲ㣬ǹ˷֮ź󣬶õ˳Ľ
ЩһЩ򣬻ڵĵر
ЩȻϣǶСŵ߶ԣȴԸı˵Ķ
·ĵջ񲻴
֪·ļΡ
˵ţܶ˿
ӣ΢΢ǶֳеţʵҲЩǣ³ʲô⡣
쿴ĵӣǳˣ
ӵİ׻û£
׻ĺĵӣҲһصĶֻҪû£ǾͲˡ
һ
ʦ֣ô
ĵ˵ţӭϰ׻Ȼķ֣ĵӶηηüƺʲôµһ
׻ôˣ
׻ӣЩ֣Ҳû𼸸ӣǻʲôֵóüģ
ӭϰ׻ʱɷ֣һЩӣԪڶǳ˵Щʲô
˵֮Щ˶۾һɣٿӵ񶼷˱仯
ϡǡ׻ֹ
컯ʥӽЩмһЦЩģһЩĵ飬ͲֵùעħԣǸǸЦˡ
ɵһ
컯ʥӴĵ￴ȻҲ컯ʥǸƨۣ׵һƮɽ˺ܶࡣ
Σ컯ʥĵӣôûЩĵȫأ
컯ʥжţԴ컯ʥģ֮ĵӡ
Ȼʱ컯ʥϵЦͻȻסˡ
ǧȷӵõһκɫĹǣӨ͸ֵɹ
ɫĹǣֵɹ
컯ʥһͣѲǡ
Լ뷨ϾлԵ࣬żʲôҲ֡
ǾʱƮɽĵҲˡ
ǾȻֻӣϴˡ
˭ǴˣǴʦأӿƮɽĵӣһ̽ǵһʱ
깥µˡ
ʥЩ꣬ƵƵɳӵ··ܶΣ·һЩĹΪ˽⣬ƮɽӵģƺĹ
ʦ㡭ˡ
ӷߺ޵˵󣬶ʱֺ˪
ʱпʼˣζҪرˣóģߵĵӣѾˣûģˡ
ֱʱڳ߲ŷ֣ĵӣԶԭԤϵĶ࣡
ʱ˵Уԭ컯ʥӣȴͻȻ彩סˡ
컯ʥĵأôûг
컯ʥӳˣĿڵССֱʧ
컯ʥĶʮӣЩ컯ʥӾĻ֮ţȻһûгȫûôܣ
컯ʥĵӣһûг컯ʥȫâ䣬һƬ񷶼ڲ޺Ϊ컯ʥӵıŭ˿͵ĺΣһˣϯ
컯ʥʸղŻ˵֮ĵӴϵģ
컯ʥһͷŭʨӣһ̤һС֮ǰֱץסһոմĵӡ
˵зʲô
ʱ컯ʥӣ˫ĿѪ죬һͷŭҰޡ
ⳡжʵڶ̫ؼˣʧܲ
ҡҡǵŵɫ컯ʥȻֻǶĴʵǱͨҪǿĸ֣һס
ǡ컯ʥĵӣ޷áþˡ
ɬսս˵ⷬ컯ʥĿѡ
޷þ
ô
һʱ䣬컯ʥӸоԴ˵һô컯ʥʽǶħأħ˭
ˣ֮ǰ˵ģĵӵõһɫĹǣѵǶħ
컯ʥӸոͷͷ֣еĺܶĵжǽĵΧм䡣
һʱ䣬ĵӶɫ԰ףӵļҲɫѿ˼㡣
ɿЩΧˣλʲô˼
ʲô˼ʱͲװͿ˰ɣĲ㷢ʲôǵĵûиô
رǰû˭Ȼ컯ʥӣʱһѾȫŤ
飬Ѿķչˣ
ԭ컯ʥӴӣһжԵ͵ΪԭΪľǳӦ֮ǰŶħĵڣֱ뿪·
ڣħع⣬·еһţϾҲʥһǳԿ
ǴǶôղţѾۡ˼ңֻҪʮϢʱ䣬ܸϵɡ
ɫأ̫أòػ񡪡ۣ


1986 ħ
ԣһλ棬·λдȷʵֻҪ̵ʱ䣬ͿԵλκһ䡣
һʱ䣬޺ϿյЩ졣
Χȴû˶֡
ʱţ컯ʥɫѿ˼㣬Ĳ֪θ컯ʥʽˡ
˵һ飬ҪҵĺڹǲӵУĲʱ򣬾Ѿ£ʧˣ˭ţ̽һӵֽ䣬ҳҪĶȥһüͷ
ӵӲͷƤ͡
ԭΪмĽͣʵǴ¹ش󣬸µϢӦ컯ʥĲ߻⣬һ
漰컯ʥòأһʮ˭ҲԸĳ
ɿ컯ʥӣԺͷз飬ȫϡ
ǵֽʲôáһССĹǣһַñҲ
ʥһ˵߶ԣض̫ˣ罫ҪĶһδ֪Ťռ䣬ϣΪ
ʱưͳԻп˵
һʱ䣬޺ϿյԽԽأû˵ֻ󺣷ϯΣĴۺ̨
˻ɣѾˣֻǻû¶ˡ
һڳǸΪ˵ǶħѾ۵ˡ
ߣ
һЩ·ʼˡ
컯ʥȴû뿪ɣӲͷƤϢݸ컯ʥʡ

޺Ͽշӿʱȴ߲㣬Ҫܾã顷ԭһḶ́Ҫڵ߲ħ
¼ű޾ǿУڻⲽӰ硣
ʱշϷ·ȫʧȥãһſǳһǺӾǸɽ׵ĿԽ
ƻĽŲһ粽ľ롣
Ŀ꣬һƬǿĵش
ڣһʱ֮ߵش
ϥ£޾ĺڰ
ʱЩƿݼţҪǳųҫ۵Ĺâ
һǹХд󣬻۳һɽѵߣΪģн֯
Щۻƥǹ⣬۳ɽ͸Ķ¯
һɹɺ嫵Ļڶ¯ѲЯĪط򣬽Ķ¯ޱʵ
ϥǹⶦ¯롣
ߵӰǰ
ߣػһƬصġ͡ī
նħʮգΪԨħڱɱ֮ǰͬȻԨħ嶼ˣʣµֻһ־λ澭ķҲ˴ħԣǱϾΪ̫ͣҪɼĸбķա
վ֮ߵеī˵
׼⡮ǺնһǺӵѹħ
οڵǳ
Ǻն
¯֣΢΢һԭϹŴУ֪ǡǡ̫Ĺżʱ򣬿˹Ǻնļء
Ǻնһһ׹ϵ
Ǽʮڣǰ·һĴУĳλ̫󷨺͵ҩʦ
λʦǺնҪ¯ͻ棬ֻƾǿ֮ܽҩɡǳѹЧǷ
󷨣ƾȼΧǳҪķʩ൱ѪҪ仯ҪǺնѡ
̫壬ѾŴУ伮Ҳֻ赭дļǺն֣û뵽Ե
λǰˡϿҵĵ
֪·˵·ΪʲôλػΪԼһУоԼ·˵ļ̳ߣΪνɷѿġ
ǺնﻹһЩĵرȽħڶ¯ﰾЩرմȾ˶ħ֮ɶõ֭ħдеħԣ㽫աһ˵һ߽ĶǺն档
ԨħԱѱǻŵʱ򣬻ȥʱ
ԪԨħͱͬɶħ
컯ʥʣƾſûĻġ
Զħīʮأһȷû©
һ꿴ƿݻƵĲݶ˽ȴ˻ǳﱬըһʥ֮
һ鲻֪˽Ǻųͻ͹â·һƬɫĴ½٣ȫһɫƵĶֻԼһղ
һŲƵĵҩ˽ͬƶУȻ˾ӰӰ´µоҩǷ
رⶦ¯֮Уڶ¯ǺɫĶħײ
ħǴе룬¡һ죬һڵѪŷΧر֭Һ
ʱ֭ҺǷˮ㹾ࡢķڹʥ֮ħȾī֭һ㡣
Ⱦ˶ħī֭壬һֻоһɷǷۻ˴ˣ˳Լÿһϣƴ˽
ľ˾ײ
һЩѨڳУøϸ¡ȹ̣ܹɸӴ
ԭͬղ壬ĳ£ļ͡
ȻǺöľϲ˿̣Ѿ˼۷壬һƿκһ涼ǧѡ
ͻƿǿȾͻһ̨ף죬죬ȴϣ
СڣҲһɣ
ʱûСħ̺̫ǿˣ൱ĶħµԼͲȫա
СԼһ壬Ҳղˡ
𡣡ԭڿ֮ѪСһһͷڲۻҩ֭ޱȣ̰ī֭ˮ
ޣǳԣҲһҩСʲôãȫԶûʲôӦ̷ɫҺȴֻǺһ㣬;ЩȲˡ
ʼãһźʼͨ죬Ƶġ
ƤѨѪжŷâС
ǺնЩ֭Ҵ˿̵ΪӦÿҶħ
Ǻն֮һֱԼɶħĺյóۡ
֪ҪõǿҪͻԼļޣ˶ħᷢʲôԤϡ


1987 ħ֮
ǺնУĿڤ񣬽ں⣬Լһж״̬
ħ·˵նɱļǿħȻĶħǿ̫࣬òء
ֽ䣬ֽóҩ͵ĵر
ЩҲѼıҩɱǿߣ߶ţֽеĶȻ͹ˡ
ЩҩȻ󣬵ѾƿԣʵЧȫڣҲѶʲôЧ
ʱˣЩҩż⣬
죬ЩҩóЩҩҩ֭ħȡȡЩŰĶħ֮ա
еҩɫī֭֮УҩеϢӷޱȡ
ҩﱾҲ׷ǹϴڻЩҩ֭У·أǱûж٣˵ĸоȴ嫡
ҩ֭ڣһҩ·ʥһ֣Ϻڶħ档
ʱǺն֮⣬īλߣҲһ֣Эħ
ħ𵴣˻Ƿҩλ֮ԼǺնɵǹУһһۻˡ
ħۻͺķλߴ
һʱʱȥħѾСһȦ
ڶħۻĶħ֮£ԭҺѾɺˡ
ʱĶħ֮ѾŨ˼¡
һ㣡
˫Ŀŷһ⣬ͷ߳㺹飬Ķħ֮ѾɣɵЩҲɣһʼʹ㣬ҪͻԼļޣֻСԵͲˣȻܴԼͻƿ
Сӣ㻹ò
˷񣬳īһۣӶԷпһ˿ǣɶȴﵽ˰ٷְ٣λ߶츳Ѿ̵˽⣬ۿһҪɶħҲ̫ðˡ
ǵ൱ھԨħµ
·ûīĸ룬Ŀǰڵĺɫī֭һֱ۵ɡ
ͻȻſ죬ˮЩɫ֭Һһ븹
䣡
˶ħ֭Һһ壬ֻоʮ̫Ҫըѿһ
һɷѪĿ˳
ɱ
ޱȵ·ңԶһͷ壬
ϥǺն壬յ˫һѪɫ׹⡭

һҪħķһ˲䣬Ǻնһǹ⣬
Ȼ뿹ħħԣ˲
˻𡭡һΡǳʶа֮ǣһֻֻءյÿһɷÿһʼȫѹ굱ĶħӰ
ѹͬʱһɹɵӰʶ
ޱߵĴսѪնȾѪ죬ڵγѪ󣬽ضˡ
Ķħɱ˻һֻħƺжħߣŷޱߵĺڹ⣬ÿһƺڹⶼ۳ڤҡ
һת䣬ձƬƬ˺ѡ
ڵԨ磬ʿߣһħԡѪɱħһţǳѣһ׹䣬˵ƣʿֳֵİڳǹǰһĺˡ
ÿһͱϵѪգħͷ­ڳǹһ¶
·ˣЩЩħеĲȱ䣿
̫ңִ̫٣ȥͻȻ䣬ޱߵʹûҲЩбӲ˻
ħ֮壬ֱȫѪϣ౬飡
˫ĿѪ죬ҧ֡
Щħ֮·ײĿֻҲ㹻һǡ
ʱȫ󣬸ֳſŴǣſǳǺնеǹ⽻ӳ֧塣
Ĵͬʱ֮Ѫ
ǣ
Ѫ䶯˿ڿʼϡ
ʵ̫̬ˣЩħĳУȻ鿪ڲϵϡ
ͬʱյ޷·һɽǺնЩǳŬѹħҴܵĳ
䣡
˴սƤĤˮƵģϵ䣬͹
ʱѪ⡢಻ϵֱħ֮飬ѭ
ĹУ˷˵ʹ࣬ȴһֱҧš
ģħ֮ڱ
һ˿˿ɫѪ磬ľ֮
ͻȻ䣬˫ĿɺѪ
۾·һͷޡ
һĻīλжһ£ɶħܳܲס꺣ҲܱħĲ־٣һͳΪʧȥʬˡ
ǣ
ս˫ȭݣ÷
Ƥ⿪ʼ˺ѣ˿˳ĹǴ̣
Ǵִ̣ɫԪĹǴм֮ſµɭɭħƺȻԪĹǴ̸ӷ񣬸ӿֲ
Сӣûнħ֮ͬʱںϣǴ㳹׼ԦԼӵжħ֮⡭
ڶħ֮ѾСӵˣʼıṹˣ
һĻīͳһۣͫ΢ںʮ취֮õ֮Ϊ֮
֮ӦģԨħĶħ֮һ֣ʮ취
ҪԼڣħ֮ҳײٿ


1988 ̥
̫õ㣬ܶʱǿ߶ΪԨħʮ졣
ԨħڵĺڰԨҲƺһʮ֮ĵط
ʮأ֪жжͨ
ںڰԨ֮Уطʮ취һЩԨħʹõҲʮ߲ͬ
Ҳʹʮǻ壬Ԩħ֮ƺУǻץסԨħҲܽѱ޷ǣԨħץסǻֱӳԵˡ
ħķʽȻͬڶᣬҲ֮ǾǶҪԭԨħ־
ֻҪںԨħ꣬ҲҪʹԨħˡ
Ĺ̼ΪգһСģƿز˶ħ֮Ϳܱɰ˰ħĹ
ʱһһţСҲԭĺ˯ѹ岻ϱ仯Ĵ۾УЩ棬ҲЩġ
ʱޱĻϣټһħȫźɫĹǼףϵļ׵һγɸ߸ߵĹǴ̣βǵ׵ǴԽԽ˫۽ⱩǺɫĻң֮ϣԪƵĹǵ

һµ˻ĺƺƬնǺնеǹ⣬˺á
˫ĿʼɺѪƺ浹ӰѪصڵ֮Ужħɱǿ߱˺ʳ
ȵ龰Сʱʱ䣬ͷɢ·ѾΪħ
ڼ䣬īλ߶ɫţʱ̹עһ˿һı仯ԽԽǾľ
ôˣ۾ûлظƺڻ꺣иԨħ־ɱ
Сӣ̫ˣûаԭ̵ģǹɶħ֮ɾıԴգǴֱѱȻȥԨħ־Ҫƿ졣
ճԨħƿأСʱԵѹǹԨħ־ҲдСӵڣֻҪ־ʱ־ͿܱͼռĻ꺣ʱ򣬺롭
Խ˵üͷԽںܵģʱԵѱħ֮ʱϵ̫ˣĻ¶Ҫľˣھͻ꺣ʧأ
ԥҪҪ֣˺Լ־ȥ꺣ʱͻȻ䣬ԭƯǾſŴ֮Уһ˴Ŀĺ⣡
ǳͷ·ȾѪһ㣬ۡ
ǡ
һδüʲôӦʺĿǳһֱĺââֻһߴϸգֱ
ԶԶȥͷ·Ѫ񽣣ǿգ
һ⣬أҲλá
һ̣ԭŰͻȻͣϢıҲʧˣһжţǺնлķ֮С
Ѫɫǹ⣬壬ͨͨ
ԭžգͻȻн
ǿ·ħӵŮĹУԪ½ǿߣȫѪǣоѪҪ֮һ㣡

ЩȻѾǿ󵽼µľ磬ȻȴδѪ֮Ѿﵽһ˼ľ磬۷ʱĻԪ಻ѷɫ
Сӣڿǣ
īһۣһͬоſǳʺɫһţ߶Ը֮Լʮв˽⣬ȻҲǡ
ѪǿǳΪǣӦ̥λߵദ
̥Ѫ̵֮֮ԼĻָﵽԸӵľ磬Ϊ֫
һľԪϵߣܸߵľ磬ǵֱ۱ϣôĵ֮ǵֱҲ
ȻֱۣȴֻǷ̥
ԸߵȼľԪϵ˵ǵҲҪ쾳ȥʣ󾭹ɱ壬پűһδεĽһǵÿһѪ⣬ǱѰ
ûоԪķ壬ܷʽۿۡ
ҪָҪĴʱ;ҲǵʱڤӶֱ֮Ӱ𾳽磬Ӷ޵ԭ
ԭҲˣ̥֮ǾͲͬˣ̥ķΪһӡƿѪÿһ࣬ѵ֫壬ữɾػ壬ԭûʲô
Щʧȥ֫屻٣Ҳȷûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ʱţӰѪص˫ĿʱѪеǿʺľǣһ˳֮Уƺڻ˿Ѫ뵽֮С
Ϊħʱͨʺ죬Ѫйһ
СӣƾŶħ̥֮
ħ֮壬ĲպԼ꺣ʱ򣬱Ԩħ־𣿡
īλ߶ʮֵǣʱǺն޾ǹķӡ֮£ľ֮Уȴȫһ龰ˡ
Ѫսףһ޴ĶħӰħӰΪģȻȴɢޱӴϢ˾㤡
ǶħУԭԨħ־
¾˰ķԨħ־Ҳ˾ɵıܡ
׽ʹðɡ
־ѹɫ֮·Եֻһһ㡣

е־ĹЦǿ޷Ļ꺣Ҿͽʱ㣬ҽܸߣ֧
Ŷ𣿡Ƿһ˿̵Ц⡣
ҽ㣬ɣĻ
ӰЦţκβҲ϶κβֻҪ־Ǳʶվȵʶһ죬Ǹʱٳռ´Ӵ˱ɰ˰ħĹҲ⡣
ӰʱЦͻȻӲ֣ģһźɫ塣
建תƺҪһС
⡭ǡ
ӰͫʱĻ꺣˾޴ĺɫ籩Ӱҽһֱӱɷ籩˽ȥ

ӰҽУȫŤ籩ֲ̫Ѿȱ˴־޷ܡ

ħӰվµķ籩б鿪һ־ѣЩƿƬܲס籩Ŀ³ɲǼ価飬ʧ
Ǹûκ־Ĵ㡣
ĬĬĽħħƣŸ޼ɵնħ֮


1989 
Ԩħд־ױ֮ڵĶħ֮ȫΪ֮׵ı
纣ϳĻ꺣Ҳ硣
ſ͵Ķħ֮糱ˮһӿ룬֮֮⼤
¡¡
巢ͬһĺ죬ʱ˫ĿѾѪ죬
ʱ˫۾Ѿ䡢ЩݴʾݵģУ·̺ķ̺ǳݻ
ӣ쳣Ϊӣܴͫпˣһ˫۾Ϊ
ѹ˶ħ־
ǺնԱߣ֮𺳣͸һ˫۾·̺ܿһʵ棬ķʣ̺֮У
Ƕħ־ǻΪڵպһ꺣ˣǿ¡īЩǡ
ȻȴҡͷδأҸоǹɶħ־ƺʱ̳ˣҸܵһɿµ籩꺣б²ܹ
ħʱԵԨħǳīˣħϢȻֲȴûɢΪλĻĹܸܵħȴ֮Уƺ̺űܡ
д˼Ҳܹ˵Ը
ԸɡΣҶҪúøǵܲܳɹ
ԪţʱǺնеϵĹǴ̿ʼջأЩħĹǼסƬҲȫʧˡ
ظ壬ȫԡ޾ǹУ磬ļ²ϵݻ
ʶҲ֮С
վǺӵ룬Ƭ档
еޱȣЩȴܳ
ЩСһСݣһֻϣ󵽲ľ޾ĸ֪һ̣ƺһָоֻҪͷһܸЩǿֻ˲
ƺһ̣֮
һĸоָо
ȻȴûʧڲٿڵϵչƬռ䡣
򱻴ҲݻǻзٵĹңʵϵš
ΡΡãӰӰ´£ǧĴɳƿصԽԽֲʵ
оƬı߽չ޵ʱͣһʱ䣬ȫע֮С
ƬҲһ壬Ϊ֮Ҳǡ
䣡
µֱӳǺնͬһ磬ֱʣ
ȫ֮Уһͷɫ壬ԡµڷĺ
һ̣ͻ˴
˫ĿȻ˫һų˲ͬĹâ䣬ƺ߲ƣ󣬶ɭɲƺѪصɳ˿һۣо궼˲׵Ԩ꺣ʧء
̥ħ̺Ķħ֮ʵһ̨ףѾͬն
ս˫ȭڼȿһǿĶ֣ҵսһһԼļս
ʥٵ˼ǧʱ䣬ת
ʵѾһɳ죡
һӣԪγɵ۾͸ȫ
ۣʮ죬˶ΪûмԸطԼ졣
Ǻɫǰɫ֮ϲǳЩǳУأ˲͸
ǽĸ֣ȫۣͻڷпħӰЩħӰӰ´£̬죬̺˴֮
ۣԵʵʣ͸һǿߣǧ˰ջ
磬Ϊ֮һЩΪΪѾǱƽϲˣ
ȻȥԿʥ壬Կ٣ʵǲ
лλǰ
ڿĺڰ׶ɫ۴ϣôʱһĪʣ·վĵطģǺڰ֮Դ
ҶӦҶˣдѵԶ̷һѾȥԸܹɵ˵Ը
īλߣĳƺıˣ˵䣬ǾǶһݣæǷλǰʹãܹնħȫλǰǰǶддǰʲôԸȻȥɣǡ
ԸżԼʵɣһ죬ܳɾҲľܸıĸˡ
ɲԸ͸¶й·أҲ׷ʡ
Ҷ˸ղһЩ顣Ŀռ䣬·Ԫĵ㣬л˸־뷨䱦һЩûбߴߵģ㱻ղأЩԴ߲ռ꣬׹ľ磬ΪΣ
ţǾ鷳λǰˡԿһ±Ӧ
ĴתҪɣԲǵĹ̾磬ռ䣬ȴ°빦
꣬ɵתתôţԼҲ㹻ʵȥʥһƬˣ


1990 ŭʥ
߲޵ʱ򣬶·ȴһķ粨
ⳡ粨ǣ˵񼶵ͻĸ֮ࡣ
Ƿֱ·Լʮʥ컯ʥƮɽ
ʱ컯ʥ컯ʥӹڵϣͷ˫֮䣬ҳһ¡
֮ǰºڣһ齨ˡ֮š֤һʧ񣬷κδתۼ䣬֮ȫû컯ʥӲҰܶ顣
컯ʥӴһ²ӲͷƤħʧ٣컯ʥΪܵ·ƲãһϢ컯ʥʵʱ˶ˡ
߰컯ʥӣſڵϣͬһ
⡭ˣǺڡ·ץģһɢߣ֮ǰռ䣬ǳս
컯ʥƳߵķ²·ߣѾжȫΪֻգۣ˵ʱŭԹĿ컯ʥӣηĿ컯ʥݵķ֪Ƭڰ֮УǸԼĶħ
ɣֻǿˡԵߵһĵõʸƣΪһɳ죬û뵽г֮󣬾ͱ컯ʥסˡЦΪԼд˼ţⳬУȴͬһ
ɣûκ֧֣һ˵˶ûУ뵽ʮ־
ʲôҪȷϵģͨ
컯ʥӽùɢ˳ȥзţȻӦģȴǳõĳţڰе컯ʥû˵֣컯ʥӸûף壬Ĳš
ݣ
׵ģµıʮѪɫĴֱܳͬһ׶ֱӶɢߣͬ컯ʥӵҲһ𶴴

컯ʥӲҽһ϶ʮǰᴩѪɢߣѪһ˲شһϢˣ
ʱһֻѪɫĴִӺڰֱץסɢߵͷ­
ɢ߼ҵ˫ĿͻоԼǧ棬ʹ޲̽
ָоֻмϢʱ䣬Ȼɢ߶ԣȴ޷ݵʹྭ
ʱѪɫĴȥֻҲ˻ɢֱһһˤ˵ϣѪһ̲ȫˡ
Ժеļ䣬ڸղһ̣ȫ컯ʥȡ
һԣ컯ʥѾɫҰףͷȫ亹ʹģҲΪеĿ־塣
ȻʮѪЩѪපһЩ̫Ҫ࣬ġΡԡ趼ûʲô顣
ɼ컯ʥʲûɱһͬʱҲԼҪٵĳͷ
ǿȫľʹڵϣȫѪҺȫǹѪˮ
Ʋã
ڰУ컯ʥޱȵšաĽŲһĸߴӻ߳
ɢߵļ֮У컯ʥʿԼ뿴һĻĻķ任кƴĹŵϢ˿ûʶƲû˿αġ
ɢߵļ䣬컯ʥûҵκαĵط
ͷβзһУκ⣬ȻΨһһ㣬컯ʥʸеֵǡ
Ʋ֮컯ʥɳĶʮȫȥˣôΪʲôڻĵѪȴû˲ʧ
컯ʥһֱ֮ܵѪĴڣ൱һʱڣʧָоͷ·˻֮Ѫ⣬һ㡭
ԨħôѵӦ췣µʱ̾ͽеĻ֮Ѫ˲ջô
ΪҪ֮൱һʱڣĨɱ
컯ʥ˳˼
û⣬αһͲͨĵطʵҲľҲֻͣЩǣǿˡ
컯ʥʻЩϢɫ
Ӧá˰вݡ
컯ʥʷ뷨ڰһУҲˣҪͨ񼶵ۡ
Ȼ˵Ĺ䣬ǲܽġ
컯ʥʱĿ֪ȴ֣֮ѪѾʣ޼ˣλã컯ʥʸûа취ա
ζŻ֮Ѫ⣬һӦ֮ǿռ
ռ䣬ʮа˾žĿռ䡣
Ҳ˵֮Ѫ⻹ռڣ͸˰вٿһˣѾӦòܴ档
ôķĨɱ컯ʥĵӣ
ħȥأǷУ
ֻߣķΪ˷ֹԨħйصĴڵõħɴཫħˣ
컯ʥԺͷԽԽ꣬ħ̫Ҫˡ
Ȼƫƫʲôûãȥһ·塣
һ컯ʥӣͷİ˰֣ɣʥӸΪ·Ʋãڲɿ
л¿컯ʥӻæлظűش壬һһѪӡĴʥ¡
Ȼ߳ʥʱȴһˣһǳԸСϪס
컯ʥǽ컯ʥӵķţҲǵӣ᪱ɱӵķžͿ˳
ֱһǧ˰ǰ컯ʥֳһϪס
˲ǧʱ䣬ͻƽսܼͬ컯ʥ˴ӵķš
Ϫ׷ͷʤټʥڲ֧ܶд컯ʥӵҰģ
Ҳʹã컯ʥӺ͵Ϫ֮ìֱԴˣ컯ʥʿȴܲˣƺֵü־
Щ꣬Ϫսۣ컯ʥӺܶͷ
Щ컯ʥӵǲ⣬µǣĳһ컯ʥʶʧȥģʥӣĻҰľҪˣ
Ϫףǿܵ˽Ĳأ
ŶⲻʥӵôôǱ
Ϫ׵Ŀ컯ʥЩĿĵѪϣǷһ˿̵΢Ц
֪ʲôˡ
컯ʥĿһһԲԶˣϪ׿컯ʥӵıӰЦݷ䡭

ʱţ֪£䣬ȥˡ
İǿ֮Уǰվһһģһĺڷӡ
ڷӣ̫ɫĳۣ˫Ŀ͸޵ЩԪ۵¶ֳġ
ڷӣľԪϵҲǵ
ɵ·ˣɼ̫֮Щ۶ɵĺķԪ֮УһԪӦƾõ²ɡ
Ǵ徫ԪԪЧʣѰ޷ﵽľ硣
ӵ˾Ԫϵķ֮Ѿˡ


1991 С
Χǰǡ顷
صͭ飬еÿһֶԪ̫һߣȫĿҲԿЩֻ֣һЩĪķģ֪⡣
ȫ⣬һһ飬ϸĴĦ
Уһ顷ͬһ棬е֣ԻûһħܣûԻ͵񹬣Ǻӡ
֮ԡ顷ѾͬնЩ̺İأȫӡԺС
ţ긴һ꣬顷꣬ʱѾȥʮ֣꣬⡶顷ľڣһ̺ķӳ̶ȣ൱ǰܺͣ
ԭΪ·˶Ծֻⶼǵͬģڿ·Ҳȫܵ飬Լóģ벻óķ档
óģվǾԪϵϸҲ·ˣϿӵߣϿۣǾԪϵ
Ҳ·˽顷߲㣬Ϊһԭ
顷һҳ΢΢һһҳûƿκ֣Ҳûκηĺۼȫհףֻհͭҳ룬һεİۡ
ۣɢһϢ΢΢һ
ⰼѵǡԺлһ⣬˱۵ĳٻ뵱ͻʮɵʱϿղ²⣬ȷʵӦϿڡ
Ͽ
ᴥۣµģڻĹϢ
֪صϿӰ·˵֮·
ճī˵ܿϸ渲֮дġʡߵۣҪãǸĹͣ¸󱬷ʼ㡣
˭õõģֻ΢һ㣬¾·ˣҲ⡣
д顷һʱ䣬ÿµĸ򣬾ͼ뵽顷֮УʱϿͷڡ顷һҳֻǺȴʧˡ
ʱһϵûлͷɴš顷ԭϿİۣЩ˵顷ǰ׫дꣿ
ʱ㣬е𺳡
Ҳǽ궼д顷һֻɡ顷ԽʱΣУԼ飬紴·Ҳʱʼġ
·⡶顷һֱ߲㣬һˣķ񣬵꣬ʱȻϿѾڣǷɴһϿϢ
ţϿϢ΢΢һ㵣ʲô
Ͽ̫ˣ˵ϢϿڣջۣͻһӵԵϢΪ顣
飬ָһ鱦鱦鲻ͬ鱦飬ȫٿ鱦ǿ˵鱦ˣȴûܹãΪǱҲϢܻģʹ֮ý
ϢߣԺһѵ
ǹϢʲôӵģѿʵ
ʱ̫ˣһϢҲ仯ӵǣʱǸСŮģ֮СŮʮǰ٣ڷӡĵʱһЩá
߶ʮǰԿʥֵʼĩΪ˽⣬ϾΨһһԵ֮һУػ߼¼Ȼػ߼ȴȥȥԿĵˡǵʹǼ֤ػѡ
СŮۣԺڶ̶һϢʱ龰СŮûκСǸܹΪʳСŮ
һܶ鶼͵ͨˡ
ԪᾧСԭϿݻϢΪʳˡ
ҵСĵطԶŵ۶ⲻһرĵط˵ۣԶŵ۶֮£з·ѹ˻ĵʮ꣡
ЩСѾʲôǵˣڵʱ̫ãܶ䶼ʧˣֻʮǰǳ֮ս̫ʧ䡣
ʧˣܵģǻڷΧ
صķӡ󣬱طΣԶŵ۶δܷСȴҵλá
뵽ЩԺеƶɢȥˡ
СƵģһСŮǾԭеĺ
ԭ棬һ뱦ҩʱ򣬱صĺСŮСŮСʮƣԸ˵ЩͣԼĹȥʲôǵãȴ
ָ£ҵǺӹսĿ·˺͡ʥ䡷߲ĴսܵĲϢ
ԭƺΪ˽⣬ͬʱ壬Ҳž˵
ڶɽʱ̨ʥƴ
ʱ̨кܶ࿴龰ȴԿԼһԲϵָ̨ʱ򳬹ʥӮýɫҳ
ңĴڣʥ֪۶֪
ͬʱȴܸ֪ħһֱС֪ħ硣
ۺ֣ɣħݻϢ
Ժһֱ˵ԼϣһɺŵζҲһرϤĸоΪԭ˵͵ĺִҪԼ
λߵĻͨ˺ܶ顣
˿ħھԶĹȥҲһǿУһݻ˺
ħˣ˵ǡʥ䡷Ĵߡ
Сδ㣬ҲҲȥ»ɾع鵽ȴبŴȥһֱ
ͨЩСоԼбҪȥһԭ棬ҵԼ
İӦܸõƿħ
֪ħһֻصԼģֻ΢һ㣬ӵиǱȴԼȥ򡭡
վһ죬óħֱΪ컯ʥʣ۶Ծ
伫Σڲˣʱ䲻̫ȷžʮӡ
ڲֻа׿ܲμӣԭƻ˷ǳ鷳һ㲻ڲ⣬ƻԽƺҲʱܲμӣҲڶԡȤ伫¹ٷ̳ҵ̳עһ£һΪұȽ٣ʵ̫٣ҪȴòҲҪʱ漴ɡ


1992 ֻ
֮ӣţһ˻ء
ΪµķʱƲɵǰ֪ʼ಻֪աһ涼ˣô¸ĵʱ֣֮ٶȿʼת
ʱ䳤УʥĴսԼݣƺҲֻ֮ӽһΣ΢۵һʱ궨ˡ
궨ΪʼʱգѾȥǧꡣ
ľӢѾһ磬￪ر߽ɱҫ
ӵٷ֮ʮϵĴУЩУɹҲѽ䴫ȥҪʦһһĴڡ
ȻʦĴ֮⣬ԼҪǡǡ棬ѳ
Ȼ̫пЩ

һҽдһƬɭϿգһӱ׵գ
ȻҵһĻˡ
һֻ޴ӵϡ

µĳֱӱһѪ

һŮӾУˮոڿȥӣĵܵܡ
ߣ
ǸŮߣһ񱼣
ŮȻȴûʲôƴɵܿͻָҧʼߵһӡ
ɱܵܵģǻĹžˡ
һηǻ壬Ҳص֮һ
׶񣬼ԣὫɱΪʳоͰ塣
ǧǰľǨӵ֮У˴գƬУſµޣĹ壬صݻħޡ
Щ׶ĴƬо˼ʮɱޱǿǻɱ
壬Ȼ⵽˹Ϊ˿סأ̫޼ս꣬һսУ䡣
Ȼģ廹ǿٳ˼أÿأʮͬʱЩסضʮε󷨣⽫һսʱ򣬱ҵ
徫ĺľס
ԭǵĸĸҪôǾ˽ܣҪôԭǳ󣬻ӵзԴ֧֣ԽΪǧǰĴ٣һжˡ
һŲпս
ĺ֮ӣ֮ÿ˶ҪƽȵģпľǾƬ棬ȥؽ
УЩޡĹ廹ݻħ޷·޾ģ𲻻ᾭԵĳȥ彮ΧΣգ񣬾ͽһ
ǵ
ÿжкܶ徫ӢȥͬʱҲи徫ӢɳǴӸнӹʹΪսʿ
ʷϣδĺڰʱڣǶһĿ飬ˣܷƼûгǾǳ׵Ļ
¡¡
ڱӵһŮһֻĹžž޴һһη
ܶĻ֮±絾һҵ
Ůʮ־Ĺž˵ٶҪǿ࣬ôȥǵֲʮϢʱ䡣
Ҫţ
һʿ󺰣ӼٷӪһһŮˡ
ʦ壡
ŮʿдϲȻǻûüˣͿʿصӡ
Ĺžˣ壡
ʿһݣĹž˾۷һӵɭϵĵȼƶȣǰĹž˱壬սһĻĹž˸ǿ
ݣ
ʿָһ㣬һÿһ⣬һڷɽ
ʿʮڷɽɽǿ
꣡
ͬһĹžһֳЩص
Ȼ齣ɲǣȴͬŵȺһٿطɢô㿪ţ»ۣ۳һ޴ޱȵĽ⣬Ʋɵն
꣡
Ĺž˵ļһն£˿ʮɣѪ䡣
ɹˣ
ʿļ۾һȻңȴĹžһץסڵĽ⣬ֱӽˣ

ɫľ޽޾Ĺ㱬ըĹžͻȻ˫ĿѪ죬ȫļˮһ䶯ţʼͣԭնС壬ǴĿĵľ޴˿Ҳϡ
ˣ
ʿͷ亹ǰĻĹž˲壬еĽ׾ˣսԼܱȵġ
ӣע⣬Ƿֿӣ
ʿʱ䷢侲ߵһ飬ⱼӵΣԿ֪ʱʿ׶༪٣
ʦ壡
֮ǰĹž׷ɱŮ̲ס
ߣ
ʿ󺰣ͬʱٶΧʮڷɽʱɭˡ𡱵ľ޴ضԶУһԴڳ߰˸СɽһĻĹžˣ
ЩĹž˻ƤֻɫһǼ͵µƤһ˿˺ۡ
ʲô
߰˸ͻȻֵĻĹžˣʿȻһֻо󷢺ȫ䡣
߰˸Ĺž˵УȻ壡
Ƭɭ֣ȻͬʱĸĹžˣ
޵ľͷôĹžˣֿܸܣѵǽ춼Ҫô
ʿҧ촽һ˿ȻҪȼվѪĻĹžƴɱһѪ·ʱͻȻһ£֣߰˸ͻȻֵĻĹž˲ûǹĴ㣬ɢӣƺڱ׷ɱ
һĹž˻Ų·ʿ߳
Ĺž˳壬ͬǽ׵壬ʿղŶԸһͷǿٶȼ죬ضҪ̤ˣЩͬɲһ㱻ƬƬĳ嵹
ʿļӣûпĹžܣǻΪǸɱǵġ
ǰл֮£ǱȻ֮أ
ѾϣڵʱĹž˵ȴȻһͻȻʧȥǰĶ
һɲǣһɫĹ⴩͸塣
ӴĻĹž˶ԣҹһϸһ΢ᴩĹž˵֮ȴ˺ɫС
ɫоڻĹž˵УԽԽɻĹž˵Ѫ⡣
ҽֻƴסԼؿڣȴȻסţ¡һԵڵϣǿĹֳ֮˼ʮԶѹ˲֪ľ
Ĺž˵֮һӵӰͬһ㣬ٿسڰУȫȼźɫĻ棬ֳһ˵ɫĳǹһͷڷɢ
µĻĹžƺû͸֣Ҫ飬Ȼֻһеĳǹһɫâֱӹᴩ˻Ĺž˵üģ

µĺڻĹž˴б꺣ƻһ˲䣬ĹžֱӶϾĲˡ
ǡǡ
ͻȻֵĺڷ꣬ӶˣҲ̫ǿˣ˲ɱ˽׵Ĺžˡ
ʿҲޱȳԾеһǹ˼
ʱһͷԼ˵ĻĹžҲΪͬȥеŭһʿ
ʿͫһֻâһͷĹžͷ­߸ߵķ𣬿µѪѹγѪȪֱ伸ʮɸߵա
ͬǽ׵Ĺžˣһն׼
⡭ôǿ
֮ǰĹž׷ɱŮӿһŵıӰгԾޱȣ꣬һͷĹž׷ɱȥ
Ŀٶȣ׷ɱЩĹž˾ʨ׷򣬸
ȻֻǼϢʱ䣬һͷĹž˱ᴩ˺ģֱӵأͷĹž˲壬ǿĿ¹ֱ屬飬˺룡
Щ̲ס׷׷գⳡսǷɵʿߣȴʿǸıӰ˼
ʦ壬˭
ʿ΢΢ڵû´Ļֻģγǵˡ
γǣ濪ٵĵһפء
νġǡʵֻһзʵγ˼ʮǣһƬ½һۼء
γǵĳ䡪
ڣѾͻ۵λʵĹǡ
γǣȻӶһۣۼصףΪдҪǿʵΪԻʬ޴档
˵ǣʿҲ޷ۼ֮С
ֻġֲã
Уֻĵ֣ҲûһŮ̲סʵ
ȻγǣһӦû˲֪ˣ츳̫ˣ˵ĵӾη˵ǻ֪Ӧ֪׽ĵһš

֣Ӷĳһ꣬Ȼ֮ӣ


1993
ԣһ֣ν˲֪˲
ʥĽ棬ʧܣʧܡ
ΨϣȴȫǹʥķͷǧǰĵһţҲʮĵһţ
ʥ塢壬Ҳ޷ʵ
侳Ϊսսʥһš컯ʥӣʮʱͽ䳬Խѹ컯ʥӣһսþ춯أʿһ̶Ӱʥħˡ
һĴʤ
˵ⳡʤʿ棬ûĶʥˣôֻһǰ磬Ѱľ֮Ǿˡ
ڵʱԭǲɵ
ǵ𣬶ûбʲôϣ
ǳˣ̸δ֮շת̫壬̫֮ҵϣ齢ܹ̾Ϣǽ޷ּ
ǿ޷ּʮ죬棬űľʹУǧǰǳ٣ȻţҪս޷Ŀˡ
˵ûûסء
Ȼϧǣͻʥ磬ʥǲƮ׷ɱվΪʵ̫δӹһ٣ܶ˶ΪʱɳͿΪת
ʷûվȥˣΨһѪǰֻġ
ֳǹ꣬ʿǰһ񣬡ͨµīյüңл֮īģ
ʿΪͨµӣҲǽΪֻĵĳ
䣬ȴûԳԾӣǹ֮⣬ʵĵλࡣ
ֻıȭ֮ͣǰˣͨ磬ҪͨǰģǰҪͨǰһۡ
ֻĵĻشǫѷ񣬸һʮĸоʵȻǿ󣬵վǰаѹȸУͬʱܴ˫ͫиܵһɷ·Ҫתص֮־̾
Ǹ㸸һģһǧǰҸ徫񲿶ӳʱ㸸һ棬ӡΪ̡
ȻʿԼĸףֻ
Ǹ𾴵ĸףһ涼δǸȴһֱӰԼӳʼ˲֪ٹڸ׵Ĵ˵ÿһ븸йʵˣڼԼʱ򣬶̲ס׵Ĺ
ԴˣֻǾʱ֪ٴζԺ
ֻеġ֣йء
ģΪģ棬Ҫ޾ģϵȥأϵȥս֣ζ¼ԪĿʼ
֮⣬ģҲԨħֻ֣ĲηԨħԴԼҪȹ˴δ٣ҪԨħһȥȥɱս
󣬾ǸйصģҲҪĺ塪ֻĵĸ븸ף·ĴġǻһҲΪ˴еȣ̶ھɱ֮رڤƣΪͻƵǶΪһ
ȡеһ֣֣ͼĸ׶Ը׵˼
ʦڱչأҪҪͨ񹬵ĵͨ
õġ
ֻı˱ȭʿӰлһʧһȺӿʧߵֻģĳ
ǰСħǰĶӰ
Сħǰǰ֮壬츳ߣǰǲ˵˽ϵĺ츳жǿڵʵ֪ʲô硭
һЩп˵ֻģĪĸо
ʿֻӵѪƺ̳ĳֱѪǿѪʲôҲ֮⣬ֻķ˫ޣλľĽ̵ʵٶȲ󣡡
ֻΪӵڷ֮ѪҪŴηΪٶȵ̫죬ڵսѾܸǹһ˰ɡΣҲƲⲻ׼ġ
ʿжϣпһ£̲ס̿ˮȻʿķ뵽ղǸᣬ꣬ͿƥǶֲŵĸо
оȥԷԼƺҲûʲô𰡡
ʱֻѾͨ񹬣ڷϢ룬ĸСħȥһš
ȻֻѾ㹻ʵ棬СħǶʮֵģ˵ֻľСħȫˡ


1994 
һƬԱĴ½Ƭ½ϣԪʮŨ洦ɼ¥ٲȻɾ
Ƭ½¼Ԫ½ǧǰٳģҲоסһƬ½
ڳΣպɱ¾棬һƬѵõľ
¼Ԫ֣ԢԴʤĿ
Ƭ½룬һþ޴ޱȵڸƶˣηԲǧķΧ
һɹ֮ϣɹΧ߲ƣ¥ˮ鿻ȣޡз裬־ɫʤա
ɹ֮УһƬΪͨͥԺͥԺžĴĻݲݣȥʮֵľ¡
ɫڷϣĳһ̣ȷűһֻһƿˣһŮߵͥԺ֮С
ˣپ£Ͼ续е˶Źϥĺɫȹ¶ֱ޳СȺĽס
Ůӣӡӵа֮Сħɡ
ʱСħһֻ޼ͥԺеĻݡ
޼ĺģһ߲ʻ䱻ļĻ걻𣬷˿Уľ׽
ҷζ֮ɢ
ЩݱҩƳƷʼѵ鵤
һ仨СħɲժУĳ¡
ÿһ仨ժɢĻԽԽ࣬ͥԺ۳ı
СħɿһƱĳ񣬲ָ֮ڱһ㣬ЩıڿпٵȶֻǼϢʱ䣬һӵӰ
ӣü罣˫ĿǣǷֳһ˳ǹһֳʱ֮С
Сħɿһ΢΢̾һһӣӵӰɢʧˡ
СħգɫȻ
ǧʱ䣬СħɵΪһƿԴˣ˵ͻңôΪϱڣѴƣҪ̫õʱ䡣
ЩСħɵĺܶʱ䶼԰ϣŲͻ¶
Դе˼
ҲԼľ
ʼ޷ѾȥϢʵʥѾȷ֮㵱Ҳ֪Ʈ׷ɱ뿪ӣѡһĵ·ȻСħȴʼչִΪš
һִһֲʣǶäĿΣܣһεĴ漣
Ȼǧȥˣȴûл
Ĵؿڣ֮Уóһö
⴮ƯӺܴ֣Ҳʮֹ׾СħϸԵø룬ôСħһֱ⴮
͸ĵһǡǧġ
Լסһ˵ϢֻҪһλ棬Զ˶⴮סϢ˵ͨš
⴮Сħɶ壬Сħɴ·صħʼ칬ΪжħʼħʼԺҪЮСħɴӦ컯ʥӵĻ£СħͶ·ʱ򣬲ŶȻǧģ˳ϵϣ˶Բߣ˺ϴս컯ʥӵһĻ
ǧȥСħһֱúõıǧġ
˼֮⣬Ҳһֱţĳһ죬ǧĵʱܸܵǸλǣƵӡ
˫⴮׾Сħԥһ£˫ۣУĸ֪š
ʶĺУޱ޼ʡ
ȻСħãվûҵһޱϤϢ
գ˫ۡ
֣ǧеӡƺԽԽˣǧ·еĺʵһķʹôƣô꣬Сħɲϵǧĸ֪Ĵڣģе󷨣Ҫˡ
һ󷨱йӡļҲ֮ɢôҲϵˡ
ĴǧģԽԽ΢ӡСħĵһ̾ϸպá
ɶá
СħʱŮӳͥԺ֮С
Ůӣһɫĳۣţֹ塣
һɫȹĿ⣬һСұ
ŮӣǧǶ˵ΪѾ۷塣
ǿߣʮ֮ࡣڲǸʵս£Դ֧֣ŮͻʥҲ¡
徫棬ǧΪսԱİţһ뿪ˡ
ǧע⵽СħɸոǧģҲ֪⴮ʲôãȻҲղСħʲôûҵ
λ˰Сħе˼չһЦ
ʵƮ׷ɱѶȫ֮ǰСħɸǧӴĲࡣ
ԭͻʶҸҲϴĻҲ࣬˴֮Եú֡
ֱȥ꣬Ů֮ͬ£Ϥ
жȹǼ꣬ôСħŮСһֱǧǽ㡣
ĶոմϢˣѾͨ磬ͨˡ˵
ֻϵΨһѪ֮ǰ޶һ˳˺ܶУ׷ɱǧ֮һֱûѪʱŮʲôδŮʮֵź
СħɵĶֻģͳǹͬĺˡ

ʱͨ磬ֻվڴ֮Уһ񣬡ֻģͨǰ
ֻǰһĸߴߣһͷɫĳ˫ִȣϹŴЦݡ
ֻģǧˣ㳤˰
޵ԭͼΪֻѪ죬ˣĸ֮Žȴû˫ֳۣ˯˰꣬ĽѪȫͯһɳ
ֻʱ򣬾ʥĴսѾȥ˽ǧˡ
ֻĵգΪֻľٰһʢ磬ܶ𶼲μˣͨҲ⣬ҲϿֻģһǧֻ꣬ѾһСĸˡ
ͨǰ͸ˡ
ͨǰ𣬶ı֣Ҳִģӵкܸߵʲô飬ͨһ
£ֱͨϵȽ١
ͨù֪Уģüͷ
֮һӰ񣬶Ӱеݣޱ𾪣
һֻ޴ĺɫޣײգһһΣ֮У˵ѺۣЩѺϡ
֪ͨɫޣǻģ
ײգ֮̾Ϣǽ
컯ʥʣѾ㹻ܹڲ̫Ĵ۵£״ͨ̾Ϣǽô


1995 ᧿Σ
̾ϢǽγɵĽ磬ָʮ죬ޱȡ
Ŀ֮£е̾ϢǽԵļͬϫҲе̾Ϣǽһֱ˼̡
Щ̵̾Ϣǽ¶𣬶޷һ˿ۼ
ֻΪпܽͨνĴͨҲֻʱԵĶѣ޷ά֡
ʮǧǰ컯ʥ׷ɱԪ𣬴ͨ̾ϢǽҲûά̫ã֮̾Ϣǽָ
һΣȴȫͬ컯ʥʣûĿ̾Ϣǽ
ķǻǿɣ
۷ʱĻģ̾ϢǽҲһ֣컯ʥʽѱԴϵιģָ۷ˮƽʱѾ̾Ϣǽˣ
γɵӰУԭεĻģһ޴ĺɫ棬һһĿʳ̾Ϣǽľͷһ㡣
Σͨľٶȣò˶ã̾Ϣǽͻᱻ
ʱֻ˵ͨǰǰ˵Ҫ̾ϢǽһҲò˶ãҪһޱȾ޴ģάǧĴ󶴣ȴҪܳʱ䡭
һʥ幥̾Ϣǽ󶴣ôҲҪ꣬ǧ꣬˲ܱ֤ϢĴ䡣
ԤҪôͨöоɲ
ǰҲ޷Ԥ⡭ֻҡҡͷǰ飬һǼǿסص󷨣ʥҵǣڶǣϣźּȥ̽µ棬ǲھȥµػģʮܹĽؿһҲܴʥĽŲϾ۷ʱĻģҪ䴩һ̾ϢǽҪܳʱ䡭
֪ˣͨ̾һ
ȥµػģ˵ֻ赭дһ仰ȻȥʵʩȻζѪ
һޱȼѣĵ·
壬ĵɽˮʱôж׷ɱȵز
һ٣ͦô
뵽Ʈδͨе˳أѾǧˣԪû̫֪࣬Լ֮꣬ܲܿؽԻ͡
Ʈҡ壬Ҫؽõһߣ
ڵߣ
ҲΨһǿߡ
ȻͨȻ׿Ҫв컯ʥʣվ̫࡭
ľ磬ÿһޱȼѣο컯ʥʻӵл
֮⣬Ŭ񾳽ĵȣ׿ͨҲǴﵽεĸ߶ȣǻǲ
󣬻ʣµ˾ǡֻģ
ֻͨģߵֻ֮ǰİסֻĵļ
ͨǰֻЩ֪롣
ˣʥٴαսҶȻһսܻܲҲһôˣͻѾˣҵǲֻ̫ʱ򶼿ϣ
ǿܣϣܳɳ㸸׵ĸ߶ȣ֪ѣ㸸ףڵ˲֪٣֮ӣ㸸ֻ½ƽ츳ԴʦȵȷĲ֮ݡ߳·Ҳ߳
ͨ˵䣬˫ֶֻĵļϣһ˫΢΢ǵ۾Ŀֻĵ
ֻϣϣ
ֻȷʵ֮ӣ֮󣬸ѧԴãʦôչȥûʲôѶȡ
ǹ񣬻ԶԶԿδ٣ʥ壬ͬܳĺ󱲡
컯ʥӣٱոðͷʤĵϪס
֮⣬ƮɽӣҲпܳɾ
ʥĺ󱲣ˣ
棬ʥ񣬻
ֻҪʥ壬ҪԽ󱲣ѣѵǣҪδﵽͳԽ컯ʥʵľ磡
һ㣬ֻĵĳɳٶȣ˵ǿΪ㣬Ҫ֪λ񣬶Ӯ컯ʥʣ
ֻ֮ǰҲǰ·ɶΪٷ֮ʮˣʥڶβμĳɼһ㡣
ʵѾֵýĳɼҪ֪ʥӵдתֻȴûУѪķվȲϴת
ɼȴȫֻ⣬Ŀǰٷ֮ʮϣﵽ׵ĵĸ߶ȣ
֪һŬģ
ֻҧ˵ĺܶ󱲿ֻޱҫۣĪĴڣȻֻԼһл̫ˣĿԼĸףǸһֱԼҫҲ޴ѹĴӡ
꣬׽һٶԪʥ컯ʥʿ־壬Ʈ׷ɱڵֻģȴԶû
ӣҿ磬ƺҪͻư벽ɣҪ̫ˣ㽫ҪдɾͣҪʵ㸸׵񻰣ɲٶ͵ģķ򣬻۵ĻԵľȵ෽ͬģ·ͻ˰벽սԿܼģʥĴսҲ𲻵κΰⳡ䣬ǽ岻ɹʧ
ͨĳ˵ֻصĵͷ
ٶȲһУ֮·Ҫģһ궹ѿֻҪһϾȷһˮֻҪ¾ո
һ񼶵ҩȴҪ
ѿˮֻǷ˵ʳֻ֮ܳ伢
Щ񼶵ҩȴڣΪκһöʵܸıһǿߵˣ
ֻҪģһĵرȱĥ£׶ĶǾʱ䣬иʱԼɳֱص
һĵ·


1996 
ڵһСУһΪǵ
ֱǧǻ౶
½ʵ̫ԶˣڳԵĶСУҲûʲô֣ܹע
ǧǰݣʥضʥ帲𣬴ΪƫԶĶҲⳡƽϴ٣ʱǵĵһšڣһʥСֶӶˡ
СֶҪڽеҩԴؼš
ʥСֶӵĶӳֻһʥǿߣһƷţǿ̫ϳҲͳ϶侳֧ʥСӣڷŭޱȣ޲øƴˡ
Ҳʥ֣ǾͬһȺһ΢ֻ
Ȼû뵽ǣѾ½½ĽԴʱʥСҪӶڴһٸŮ¯ҪЩ¯кȻ˶Ů
öڵеӷŭˣʥСӴսһɱ˲ʥߣվиʥˡ
ģʥıһʥʥ۷ǿ߸ֱѪϴ˶ڣڸȫɱڵһЩŮѾԤϵԼҵˣȫɱˡ
ʥ񾭣ڶһɱ࣬ɱ֮С
ʱĻ̻̣һЩҲٽ塣
ѾֱʱһЩʥɱ˶ڵС硣
붫ڻϡ
Щ֮УͰ˵ϹŷϹĲֵӡ
ϹŷϹ壬׷ݵǽʱҲֻһЩǿؾҵ޵ʬ壬Ӵ֮޼彨չʥͽ
ĺƽУ޼ȻӲϴ
Ϲŷ廹ãΪĹϵʱǱգڵһЩֺйϵˣȥ档
ϹŷʮȻдĵںƽбɱɢ룬ġ
оһЩĵӣۼ˶ǣҴǺһµ֯ˡ
ڲۼŵĴУӲ
ʥռ򣬸ʥϵĴУһ֣ȫĨɱټ֮ǰϴ٣˵ĴУڸ߽߿ѾĿˡ
ǶǾͳһ龰ϣһĿʮڣڲĹϵ۸ӵĴˣͬʱڲûи֣ṹΪɢ廨š
ǼˣˣǶǣڵСдУѧʥء
ÿʮһεӣÿεӿ˵龰Ϊ׳ۡ
ЩԸƫԶСǣ߾ҪͨˣˣΪ֮⣬ƬСطǸҲС
ʱ£ߵĿɱ
вŻ츳Ҳûʦ̣ûԴǲʲôҲҪķˡ
ʱҲɳ½ʱȷԴѷͽϹŷ壬̶𡢺עⶼ
˵ģû·ȥôϰ͸ˡ

˵ĴеΪ
ÿµӺ󣬶ᰴɼЩӽѡ
µ˷ܵʱ̣˺ĴУ֮ǰǿ붼ġ
ȻҴ̫࣬ÿӽʱޣܶʱǵջû취󻯡
һȺ˳ӳʱӭǵģһãİϵˡ
ˣȥʮ꣬꣬˪һƺϵʮݣǣһ˫۾ȴûеǰ񣬶ʮͬ۾
ȥɣÿʱʱѡһ׹
˺һھƣĮ˵ֵĮƺһֿ͸ĸо
ˣЩйĪĸо
˭
˽ﴫ
ĿˣҪС˵κһ׹ָƣԸ⣬ԶʱΪһĵӣҵʺĹ
˵ʦǣ˵
Ŷȥôѡ
ǻǱָˣһʻʱ㲻ҲͻȻָ㼸䣬ǰԸǳŹ֡
˿ٽţʱǸѾʼϱĿˡ
ˣǵת
ʱ֮УѾȥǧꡣ
תʱػ·߲һ꣬˴ľ磬̥֮ת
뿪·
ĵǿжȹǺƺ֮ڵӡ
һǧ꣡
ǧʱ䣬˴⣬벽ֻһ֮ʵϣֻҪԸ⣬ʱͻơ
Ȼȴûѡͻƣھ벽ֻʣһһĸĤʱת
Ϊٶȴ󽵣˶ǣһӵķˡ
ѡҲֻΪ˸Ϲŷǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǸɵˣһʹȻҲΪȴѭ
֮ͽһˡ
ĬĬڵɱ͵ǧļįޣĵȴҰһ㰲ɡ
ְ֮УȴҲ̫̫౻ʵˡ
ĩһΪūˡ
ūЩ˳֮һֱûʥѹȣûмʥˣǲʥ巢ȱŹǣֻûʥѹեļֵ
һ˼ֵʥͻӵӶᡣ
ʥڵׯڣÿһʱ䣬ͻոһΣЩмֵĶߡ
ּ꣬ȶܹԼˣʲôʱɱ򣬶ҲΪĸ˳һ
ºҵսûκϣöࡣ
ȻϣܾԼ˵ˣվʥ壬һЩ壬
Ȼ⼸ͬĻᣬȴ߲һеȥȡ
ΪߵѪԣֻֻΪʢţ»ͷྫ
֮ôˡ
ˣǵĵһ¾̭Բ֮һıеѧǵ֮ȴ֣ʵˣҪɽɽţһûȥɽ壬ȴһǳǰӴ󡭡


1997 
ĵǽѰһԵҪܲҵʥϵżѰһЩȱĹͻƸߵľ硣
Ȼϣ̫ãˣؾѾʥܿأĽҰһ֮أȴ뻹ѡ
بǰĴɽһ߲ɽŵһ·
ٵһУƴڻҰɱһеѰԵԷ˯ʱ䶼ʡɴҲ˵ļ
һȦդǾդбȦڡ
ηϣˣǵഺǵĺˮǳѪȥдǸ˵ĻԻƪ¡
Ȼڻŵ֮УǵĺˮˣഺˣǵõһУȴֻδıʵʹȥ塭
˵ģвҵˣʱǻҰΪϵֻޡ
ˣȻʵϣȴǺܶսأ֯ǧУ֪ж١
е£ܹ֯ģļϣˡ
ûоĿѺѹ֣޷еǣǶôĸ˺ҫִѾԿ̵ǵУǵѪҺһǵ빲
ˣܵΧȾ
˶ƴĴ֮£ЩųҲᱻʼüǿ¸ҡһңڱ£кܶ־֮ʿͷ­Ѫڡ
£пһЩӡ̵ߡ
ЩߣŬһ֮һ޳ɣڶδͻƺĻ뱯į
һЩߣ֮ǰ󱲽еߣѹǻıߣƽԸ硰ͬʦո֮գҼĪ˸֮顱Ļ
Ȼ߸ӡ󻹲ġ
ǵ֣ʱˣһδεѰһԵչؿޣһֱˣδȡκγɾͣȴҲɲеϣ
һЩӹżҵĵͼƬϸϸıȶԵͼƬϵݣȻΪһ˿ãϣȥ̽ա
ĲЩһӣʵʵƽһƣһЩʵҩϼͬ飬ᶨӳˡ
ʵϣѾܹһɳ䣬ҵżǵҲ
ǣȥѰңӭŷ꣬ӭŻ׹Ϧᶨȥǳһɽ塣
һڵ̡
޷ǵѾȶĽͽ͵ŬγĶԱȡʵ벻ڳٳĺȥ̽յڡ
Ȼȴ֪ߵһȥ׷ѾǳΪǿߵĻᣬȥ׷һܹʱ̹Ȼ˵һ䣬Ϊ˶ƴĻ
ʱ֮ЩոճΪ˵ӵ˴гʱֻĬĬĺһھơ
ԤеԼʱ䲻ˣҲܿЩȥˡ
ȻЩƫһ磬δŹʥ֮Ĵ£Щӣȴһش󳱼ӿĸо
ָоγԭ޷ͣһЩд˼ˣһ
ĿⱩǰϦ
޵ʱͻѾѹ̫õİ벽𾳽磬ͬʱٿһСҲ峤ǧﵽ״̬
ش󳱣ѾܻرˣûʱȥԿ컯ʥʡ
ȻԼӲҲ壬Ҫڴг׸𡭡
۾ӳģһŮ
Ůʮֳɫ˻ǧĺƽܳΪʥ۷壬Դ֧֣лΪѾ˼츳ˡ
ϧʵʥ岻Ůɳġ
ܹעŮӣΪ츳ҲΪգŮϹŷ壬йʣռңǧǰһ¶ŮӣڻǺؾ¶֮䣬һԨԴ
˵ҲɺϣŮҲһ֣տɶϹŷֱʱЩϹŷɱ˼ٵĹŷ֮Ѫտɶ֮󣬸ܵ츳ǿռҽЩŷ֮Ѫޱע뵽տɶϡ
ʵ˻ؼǧ꣬Щŷ֮ѪϹŷ壬ֻ͵ȼķѪȻڣѾϹŷóĶ
⺢ӣǵϣ˭֪ϣޱã
ʦ壬ϴΪɶѡĺʺϿɶɶ˼£ʹջӦаͻˣҲպ󣬿ɶɾɣԪơ
տɶ㽵˵Ȼȴ̾Ѿ䵽ΪԪƵľɶŬ˰
˿տɶ鸴ӣտɶЩŤı֪տɶ˸л֮⣬ôѡ񹦷⡣
ʦ塭
տɶĽһʮʱʶʦָ̫㣬ܶʱһЩ΢ָ㣬ö죬ǳ
ĳɳԽԽоʦƺһйµˣʵҲһա
ĵʹռҵĳϣȻȴʾо쳣ֻڶѡ
ڼ˵ʱҲоݿɲ飬ᵽ꣬ɳ̶ʵ޷ʲô֡
ȻˣտɶǹִΪز¶Ƿϣ˵ҲôΪտɶȴľãƺĹйء
ʦҲʥأ
տɶ󵨵Ĳ룬ֲ룬տɶԼһҡҡͷо̫Щ
Ȼô˵ʼ𾴵ˣԼָ㣬ռҳϻҪöࡣ
ظȥˡ
տɶҪѯθѡʲôʱͻȻ˵
տɶһ£ʦ˵ʲô
ȥҲû塣žƣϵҡͷŮӡƯŮӣΪһʥһѡ
ʥͳµ屻ʥɱܵκγͷĶʥӶᣬоͰŮĴŮڡ
ӵм츳ƯŮӣͲóϣûԼʱ򣬺ױʥ°ߵ¯ǵʵߵɱһЩʥС֮ʱǱᱻǿʥ߹עΪɲʵǿŮӣõĺô͸ˣ
ңΪϵ͵ŮʥǿǰΪһ֣ޱȵ³
ԭƽ˵ƯŮʵʱտɶ΢΢һ£ǽĻտɶɫЩ԰ˣȻ֪νʲô
㣬֪պܵ³ҪѡΪһǿôĿտɶһһٵʵ


1998 
ʣտɶһסˡ
ΪԼʵͻƣʥץȥ¯
뵽µµΪԼ츳òʩչգտɶ˵ѹ֡
޷ˡ
ʱʹĲǿ˶ʧܣһЧģ˵ĻᶼûС
˾
뵽տɶҧ˵֪ܵ³Ҫǿ
š֪ˡ΢΢һ̾Ȼѡģûʲô˵ˣҹ㵽ŷþźŷ
˵仰Ͷ뿪ˡ
տɶ΢΢һŷá
ϹŷңֻϹŷ߲ʹãտɶΪϹŷţȻҲһܹʹãǾźŷ
Ӧûʸģ֪ԼǾźŷ
Ȼв⣬տɶ˹ŷþźŷ
Ȼûпֻһţ֮⣬һöֽ䡣
öֽտɶ΢΢һƺһƷʼѵֽ䣬Զƽʱʹõġ
˵ֽʱֻ΢΢Ĵֽ֪ͣ̽ڲȴ׵סˡ
ֽзɫɫϰö֮࣬ǿЩĹ󣬾ļµĸо³µϢֻǿµһ;Ƿ
ǴУ
տɶס֪̽УȻֻΪҲܴ·ֱЩеļЩУעдŵƽ;磬͸ˡ
ʥϸܿأҴ崫УһӾ͵õϰס
ĴУԴɾ޵𣬼ֱΪһ㡣
˴ḻĴУ㵱ϹŷܲⶼûУ
ڣȴȻУһжǸصʦµģտɶеˡ
ڴ֮󣬻дĵҩһ
Щҩҩ㣬տɶ˵ˡ
߲㣬Ϊ̷ħԼЯĸ߼ҩˣЩͼҩòϣʣĳһͳ˵߶ԣȴǼֵǵ챦ˡ
ʦǡ
տɶоҵģʱŶȻµţŻææĲһȫհףûа֣ǵտɶִŵʱоӿһɾĻ꺣УľӡϣһϢʹݵԺС
ʱ֪뿪ˣû˵ǷտɶȴԤеʦõ뿪ƬС磬Ҳˡ
뵽տɶЩȻ
뿪֮ǰЩ򣬲տɶ⴦ЩԼҲԸ˷ÿһ˷ôΣյĿԾ͸һ֡
Ϣй¶ȥ˶˶
֮ǰһֱûķֹˣΪֵķֻʥע⣬Ϳ֪ˣҲֱܳˣὫʥעϣΣˡ
뿪֮ǰ൱ḻĹտɶԼȥѡǲֻһǸ
һѡˣǾҪóеľ򡭡
ÿˣҪΪԼѡ𣬲δǳɾͻǻ𡭡
Ƿ˵Ĵۡ
ЩտɶþǸصʦ壬뿪ˣݾʲô
Щָ
տɶҧҧվӣϹŷ峤ڵķȥ

ʱѾ뿪ڵС棬˳磬һٶȣʥĽ㣡
ʥʥ졣
Դʥռ֮ʥʥ֮俪ͨÿͨÿǳԷʥӶ䡣
ЩͨʥϸѿأϽκ
ȻʥͨİѿжϸҲѿͨټµľǿ̥ǾˣããģͨͨʥѴҳ
οڣÿһͨģֻһʥĽ
ʶЩͨĲؿԸͬ裬ɵݳһʥߵӣö֮ͨˡ
ʥ壬͸ˣʩչǬŲƣٵĴԽʥ죬Ŀǡ磡
磬ԭ棬Ǻս
Ҫĵط
Ŀģҵ˵Լ
ҲСܵõĻħһΡ
ҺԷ⣬Ҳզ಻ѣڶɽ̨ʱ򣬺ѾľܿµķʼֱˮǰȻ
ܱģ˵ףģǷ
Ƿ
ڻ֮ǰҪһ£ȥԶŵ۶֮£⿪ӡķӡԸĵꡣ
ǣʮǰڸʱ䣬˶òʥ֮ǰǱƽ·˺ͲĴڡ
»ʧˣ걻ʮ꣬ҲΪ¡
ûȫİնԸ֮꣬ܵõİôʤܶࡣ
ʥ֮Ľӵ㣬ѿصĸܣĽŲʼʩö֮ͨˡ
ݳɻţһСУõ˽ԭսƣһֱеȵԭսĿ
ԭսɱ¾ҪꡣƬΥľ棬ԭսĵڵʱипǧ
ɨһ۵ڣԼµֺ֡߸ߵʥԱߣǧˣûܳԽ


1999 ټ
ԭ棬ܶطŷѹƣԭսһطÿһԭսߣǵΪᱻѹƵͬģᱻ
Ȼ˱ѹƵΪͬǷ򣬹ΪȴԱ֣Ҳ˵ԭսǿߣ˲ϰٸ侳Сҷ
꣬ԭսʱ򣬻ǱĶ÷򣬻ɱ˱Ϊ
ڣȴǱƵĶˡ
ΪȻˣΪ򡢹ѪڣʷԭսУµһǿˡ
ԭսʮֹôĵطҪҵһСŮʮѡ
ȴ֪ƽʱûĵط
һеķչķС
ܿ죬ͿһϿȣ⴦Ͽ֮УƼ˴ߡ
һĻЦˡ
⴦ϿʮϤһνԭսʱ򣬾ҵ˺
С궴ߣǺļҡ
һǳɽԭľ۳Ŀ»ޣ֮š籩ƵΣա
ʱ궴ſڣԽԽ࣬ЩԻĵӣһСĵӣɲ궴ðա
Щڵȴۼ㹻֮ǿп궴ǰ궴ðգܲѰһЩ궴еıԴҩ
ЩҩԻ˵
궴߶һһҪУҪƿҪǳǿ
Сʱʱ䣬Щߺò׾ۼ㹻֣һսλվ׼ǿдʱͻȻ궴һ£ָоͷ·һɴ̣Ӵȥ̱һ㡣
Щһʱ䶼һ£ô£
ǲȷǲ˽ȥˣôµô˭˲룬쵽ӰӶû
ǺЩֿʼת㿪ˡ
ʱѾ궴ߣ˲仮ʮľ룬궴еĹ֮ţ籩Щ궴еĿ»ޣûжκв׼ȷ˵ѹûио߷ɳ۶
ֱ궴ߵʱĽŲŶȻʱӰͷ·һЩռĲʵ
궴ߵһĵɽɽ֮ϣΪ̫Ũ۳ɽȪ£ԡ
ɽ֮ǰһͷģĻޣͷͨƽɫ׳˶ƬɽˣƽʱԻΪ궴ߵجΣǶͷµĻޣڷѹ֮£Ҳпܱ˺Ƭ
֮ͻȻ֮󣬽һʼ𾪣ŭͼȻȴֻǱͷûлأĿʴԼʮȽɽĸߴ֪ڿʲôƺΪרעӡ
ӣǶ𱳴ȨƣȻ֪ΪΣԭԾԾԵĽ𱳴ɣȴĪĴǰС౳ӰϣܵһļµϢ
Ϣĺˣգתӵˡ
һУû⣬ʮȽǵķ߾ͷһ͹ʯʯϣһҩһСɻȪкҩϣҩɢҩ㡣
һʱ֮ҩԱߣһĺɫ۳Σͷ·Ũɢȥ¶ĺ컨һ㣬һСŮӰˡ
ǿ͹ʯϣСţСȣһСнĻζţһĽֺһȪһȦȦ
СŮǺ
һμʱһģһǧʱ䣬ûгһ˿˿
Ƿ۵ͬһĿɰӣϹЩӵı飬Щ裬ҲЩãĿ
㣬㡭ˣ
СŮֻãһСᣬͲŵһ䣬ΪЩ˵Щˡ
Ȼո˵仰鶯һµıӣһ˫ᣬˮĴ۾һգգĶС
֪Ѿħ
ħеķĳλܣǲݻ֪淨塣
ĵȼħͺܶ࣬ȴħ֮ǧ˿Ƶϵ·ħһ֡
ʵϣڽӽ궴ʱƾԼת֮ǿħǿƿѾ׽ϢˣƶĿǿ͹ʯصĻʥ۶޷ҵһ˿ۼ
ףǡ
տʱ򣬾һǿҵϤУʶһ˿ã֮ɫڸոգһϤбøǿټǹɺŵζƶһ£ǰӣǺþúþǰԭսǸ硣
ʵòĸı䣬ƭ˺ֻת֮Ϣһָı䣬úûܵһʱϳˡ
ķӦԼʮ⣬֮ǰûеԼݣΪúֱ档
һ£ƮҲǸϲԼˡ
ָ磬㣡ˣ
ϲ˵һӾʹǿ͹ʯ
Ӵʱ䲢Ҳûʲôͬľ˵鲻ӡȴ̫ˣȻΪħĴڡ
һֱܡ
뿪ԭ棬ֱʱ򣬺Ϊ˶ö춼ûоָоСè뿪һ
ţˣ
ܵ˺еֿûκαװľϲҲԵĸж
ôˣһϣָо÷ů
ָ磬㻹뿪ô
뿪ⲻҵ磬һкܶҪ
˵ţһʧСԴ͵͵ġŶһ
ȻӣȴԼĸ飬ʲôдϡ
ЦˣСԴ˵ԸԸһ뿪ȥ磿
һʶĽһ
ָ硭һ뿪
ʶƺƬ֮Уûгȥʲôδ滹һ硣
ƺҲıܡ
ֱգͻȻһ仰оĪļ¶
ҲʣҲΣա˵ⷬʱĪĸоԼչСŮĴһ㣬ȻҺѾһĺͰգڱú£ȥԿδ١
ͬʱҲţԼĻúħеõĳɳ
˺һͷıУƺණ
ҧ촽ĵ˵ͷᶨ˵Ը⡣


2000 벽
Ĵ𸴣ЦˣЦа顢жͶδϣ㽡
ңҪȥһЩµĶ㲻ô
£
Сȭͷᶨҡͷ
ãǳ
˵ţ֣֮䣬һŻɫ建ĴѪתš
һɫ壬۾Ʋˡ
оͷ·һ㡣
ҽħЩ֪ˣ㱾һġ
˵ţȷʵоԼ·ǰħĶѪһ㣬ƺйںһû뵽ħ֮С
һ˲䣬оԼħľϵˣԭģķҲԽԽţٴζħʱȻܷ
һգħ»صڣһţûգֱʧˡ
뿪궴֮ĿĵرλԭսǺӹս
ԭսʱ䣬ڲŻῪһ㣬ʵǿҲı䣬ԭķ
ʱ䣬ͻư벽
ٴλصǺӹսķϿݼŵǺӣ˫ۡ
һ粻ֻģĸо·˸ʥ˵Ϣ
˿̣ܹһǺӣһѿبŲٵĿռѷ죬һķֱ·˸ʥսϸڡ
鹦
Ǻ࣬·ܹçԶ֮Ӵʶ
شĳ򣬴δ˿
󣬺ಽĸš
һûȫǳϥС
Ҫʩչһ汦ԶԶģžС
ţͷӰһģԶԶȥǺӵһͷ
ؾš
һƬžУѸ͵·һ¯ǱϵĴ߷
ÿһɢ
һ̣ȼյһŴգҫţ˺еĿռźͺڰŲ
Ȼ䣬˫ּǧӡķǺӵ˷չһת˲ɢǧķΧ
࿴ҡݼŵǳʱҫ˺Ȼǹ⡣
һɹǹǺ۳ɫߡ
߻ཻ֯룬ܻǺն
ˣǺն棬һΡΡӴӰֳڳǹѪɷϢֱǺӣվһػ
ʯ˿ΪκţѶöī񣬳Ѫ벻Ķħ
ڻʣ߳Ҫ߳ɵһɣ
һľ
һƬǺӹսǳóǺնٽǺӹս·ʥ˼սӡǣѹöеħ
Ǳܼϵı˫ͫǺ¡
һ£Ѫ⵱жһ̣ĵĶħǺնǹͬʱҲ˽ȥ
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ǹڷĶħƺͱޱȵļʣ˿
ϾǶħȥľȻħ걻ɱȴɵıܡ
ǿ壬Ѫ֮ջ
ħһ壬ǻɽƵģȫ緢
һɹѪҺķһļħס
Ѫ죬ӿһɹѪֱħȥ
ѪÿڶħˢһΣͻһɷ
ЩΪһֻֻĶħѪǺܿͱѪϿսˮͰֵɱ
䣡
ײϣħеıϢȫĥɾΪΪںϡ
һħһεӵĴݡ
Ѿ˴Ķħ֮γ˶ħ֮ӣҪǾ壬ͻư벽
ʱţ߳ɵĶħֱ֮ڵɣֻʣ˺Ĳ֣Ƶͨ
ѪʱҲˢħĺġ
ǶħĲλʱ򣬴ӶħУһƺâƺâĻ꺣һԨħӰ
Ԩħľ޴Ӱ֣ͷɫ˫ǣ˸âƬɢĽ󣬽̤ѪˣоһΡĶħãֱӳɱʶ

Ƕħôŷ·ܹѹһеƣڷ֮ƬƬ𡪡Ҫ׽ʶ顣
ͫ΢ħѾʱ̡
ħĺһ׼ȵһɶħҪö࣬Ҳоö࣬ʱʵǵõ˳Ľ
Ǻնʥ䡷롶顷ķǣʶС
ǿߵӡŰԨħһӻ˹
Ͼǲ·˶ǻǻԨħĳޣӡڹԣı䡣
߷ӡһѹԨħ
һֻԨħȻǿ󣬵ȴǱ·նɱ·о⣬˿һо·Ϣײʱ˲١
˳֮£ַԨħӰҽͻȻһ챬ԨħڷУױը
֪һ̣Ѿȫ˶ħһƶħ־׵ƿ
ʱǺնеǹ⣬ȫ壬ǳɢ⣬ӻС
ʱһħҲըΪΪŨ
ԭݣѾʧˣ±Ǹǿ
Сɣ
ʱ򣬽СҲ˳СһһͷĺС
޵壬ӵǿĳʱСһɱĺӽˮУʼ̰
Ĵû룬֮Уʼ塣
ϴУʱֹǧ꣬СѾʱ򣬶ɾĶħǿ
ǣ
СǣøСβϣͬԨħһǴ̣֪һβͳϣɶôֲ˺ˡ
ģСڵ˫צɶħ֮Ӱţ
նħ֮ѾͳкܴĲͬˡ
ʱȴϾĴġ
һεεĶħһſŵǳȼգ塣
Сһɵ߳ɶħ֮ɶ࣬һˣʵǿҲʹöͷоԼѪ·Ҫħոɾ
ȴ˼̬ĵزǿӴĶħǣ
䣡
۵µһɲǣڣ·һȴű˿֨ƿ޾ľԪǾ޴ɽӿ磡
֮Уһ̣Ӵ޼Ļ棬ݻγһ޴ιӰ
ιӰÿֲ쿪ƣƺܹסһǳ
Ӱ֮ƺ֮ϣ˸ӡ
һϢҫǺӣ
ϸ˵ݣǸмơ

ν𣬾ؼ𣬴ﵽߣԼ
벽ֻ
۳ʵʻһ硣
벽ѣܶǿһ
һɾͰ벽Ӱôɵʵʻȴôˡ
Ҳ˵벽ֻҪ䣬˳Ϊ
벽𣬸֮䣬ҲűʵĲӰİ벽Ҫɱͬ츳Ĵǳ򵥡
ӰɣԴ磬ڶħҲ˷츲صı仯
ǰȻ磬һƬֻ޾ģ嫣ȴӡ
˶ħӿЯ䡢Ϣȴı仯
ǰʮ취֮ڡʥ䡷֮ƫڹ
յĶħ֮ȴǴĺڰ֮
ˡ
ԴĸܻһС
ײһ𣬷·Ʋӵû磬ʼһĨȻ
һҲиʼԼɫݻ·걳أһɹɵʥ֮ɢͬա
ڲϵͣҵطҲʼϢ¹
ʵɾͽʱ͸һߵȫͬˡ
ڣͬǽһˣ
֮ħ֮һݻɵ磬˸Ķ
ټ֮ǰġʥ䡷롶顷߷ϣѾ޾ûܹɵ漣
Ȼ·ˣȻ硶ʥ䡷ߣҲһߵ˼£һߵ˼¡
ܻ磬൱ڽڵС
ٻ֮ħ֮ǰ˴δ߹ĵ·
ɣʻᳬԽ޾κš
ӰȫȶХһֱ
¡
£Ǻնըѿ
ȫѪϣһ̣ȫҫ貣Ŀ˴۵ĵز
оԼ壬δǿƺתǺӣ
ˣ
ǹʣУԶ
ţһֲһͷ޴ĺǹг˫գ
վںͷϣְֳǹĿ磬ͷ޾ǿա
Ŀ꣬ʥ壬ƺǺӣʮ硣
ⳡ٣ֻʯ


2001 Զŵ۶
ʱ䣬۶ԭս
ʼգֻⳡһͣûҵҲûԭսɱˡ
߳Ǻӹսԭսĳȥ
ʱ䣬ѾԼİ벽𾳽硣
ԭ²⣬ԼΪķ̫ʱ̫ҪԼһʱ򣬲ſͻ𣬵ڿ¸Ҫôá
֮Уһû뵽顣
Ǻӹս֮ʱӰԡ֮Уķ˱仯֮ϴ
ԾһĻˣԭõӣʼӰںϡ
ĺģھһʱ䣬ںΨһ
öӣճھӰüĴһֻ۾
˵üģǶһ硣
һĳ֪ôݻȥᷢʲôֱӵı仯ǣоԼ֮ٶȼӿࡣ
ĵںϲһһڶô򵥣Ǳ˴˴ٽЧǺ͵Ļϣٷһ
ٶȣӰ벽ɵƱػǳѸ١
ԣһϲ£ڽشƵĲ֮Уǳٳٲͻô𵽵ûСܶࡣ
лصЩͷ·̤Уĳһʱ̣ͻȻŲһ٣ͣסˡ
ǰһƬ̲ĺˮʮǺȴһƬţû˿
ָ磬ôˣ
һֱһܣ̲סʵ
ûʲô뵽һ¡ҡͷʱ򣬺Ҳˡ
꣬һδǺӹսʱƬһ꣬Ҳʮ䡪ۡ
ֻǸ˼仰оľ磬ԶǵʱԼ󼰵ġ
ںܳʱ䶼δֱܷǸԼԣǵѡ
ֱʥ֣ȡ֮ꡣ
ʮۣµˡ
ҡҡͷ룬ֻø֪ɨƬȷʵֻһƬͨĺû֮⣬ûκ쳣ȻͨĶʱȴ̺Ųͨĵ
ۣڣ֮֮꣬ô
֪ʲôֻǾûڵĳţ¸۵ĳйء
߰ɣԭսϽˡ
˵ţһ뿪Ƭ硭

磬Զŵ۶
ǧǰԶŵ۶½һУ֮УԶŵ۶⵽ϴ٣ݻ˴룬ؽֻͳųǵĲ壬ʥ塣
ƿʥأѾµĲҵ۰ԴƸȫһΪõʥˡ
Զŵ۶ŴССٸʥʥ壬ƿеԴͲƸ壬ȴ඼ƽ񡢿󹤡ˡ򡭡ȵȡ
ûнǣֻǸ֪һɨб޸пշҵɷֻҵĵѾʥУԶŵ۶壬һ̵ߡͯ˲һƹ񣬸ˡ
壬ֻͨ;ıˣ֮·Ѿ
ҡҡͷûȥһУҲûԶŵ۶
Ϣ˵Сָĵص㣬ĬĬ˹ȥ
û֪߹ǸصʱӰѾû֮УڴߵģֻĻˡ
󣬼ˣƣʵϣԶŵ۶û𣬽Ϊߵ̫ϳϣҲǸˡ
Ļһֱߵ˴ɽƾʧˡ
ʱѾǧĵ¡
һ㶨ٶڵ´УΧһɫһзĺɿռ䣬رϵθߵĺɿռ֮󣬱ᱻȻķֽˣշһɵȥ
¶Ƚߣھ޴ѹ֮£ʯҲøӼӲһУԸ΢
ǧ֮£ܹ֪ʯ
ʯͷڷ˽ƽ𣬵Ƕ߶ԣϡ棬ʯһãǾǸ֪ǧʯۻʱһߺѽǵĸ֪ˣοĵĴ֮Узµ󷨡
˵ǧѾȫԡʯγɵҽ֮С
ʯǴɫγɵҽҲɫţһ㣬ȶʮֲֿܶԶˮѹΪ¡
ԡУټԸ֪ãһ߸ϹҲø֪ܵһЩơ
Ŀռ䷨ѾʼŤҪҵģǵСҵǸռڵ㡣
ϸѰһƾֲӲ͸ʯҽҵ˿ռڵڡ
ʱȫСָϡͿʹ˿ռڵ㡣
ڣѾȣٿռڵʱѾľ쵽е
ʣǵõ󷨣ֻΪʮʱ䣬󷨽оԼҵ˵ˡ
ռڵǰվһоԼǰһתĿռУһֱӴ˹ȥ
һ̣Ѿǿµҽ㣬һƬޱȿտĵ¿ռ䡣
һƬ޴
ܴ½ʱ򣬼κһɽ壬ΰ̶ȣǰ⡣
޴һ޴ޱȵġ⡱֣Ƿӡڡ
۹ɽļֵҲΪֲ
ΪɽУѾݻһ磬ӡ˺ɭ֡ԭȵྰ
вбܵ¹Գζҡڵˮݡ
ЩǵģʮǰĿʱУʯ̥ʱõԪʯ̥һʯԻġ
ȻЩʯ̥ԶԪʯ̥󣬵ôһݻһ磬ôļֵԹˡ
ĬĬĴɽǹ⻪ľڣžɽзӡ磬ȴš
һʱʱ䣬Ǹ϶Զ㡭ǧǰġǸС
ӡˡ
ʱǧ꣬ԻʮĲӡԣֻǵָһӼˣǲ֪ΪΣȴоǧȥӡƺõĲɣ
ǸµĴڣӡӵеԼˡ
ôˣ
˵Ҳʱ˾ͻȥʣı䡣ôҲڽǧ꣬òӡôɣ
ǰôˡЩǵʵ


2002 һ
㡭ȷݣӡЩп㵽ǻˡ
ǣǰˡ
һ񣬵֪ӡ֮·ӡʲôֻǸоӡػʮ꣬ʱȣ̫ˡ
ڣ֪ӡ֮ѹǻ֮꣬һĶħ֮ʱ˸е֮⣬𾴡
ķ𣬻вӡ飬Ϊһٵʤ̫̫ࡣ
šѾ
ӡ֮ǰע⵽ľ硪벽
ʱǧͳΪ벽ٶȻ죬ҲòӡԾϾ֪ħϡ
Ȼڸղţ̽磬ȴ㵵ķ֣Ϳ͸ƺ̺Լؿֲ
ǰ꣬ͨİ벽𣬶ʵӡоԹ⣬ƺڳ˯һֻҪԸ⣬ʱԱص
Ѿ֪˺ܶ飬ңǰ˵ĴѾˡ˵š
һ̾һжǶģվ
ӡ˵ţǰͻȻŤһɫķۣģݻһŲϵ
·̶ɣʸУ˫Ŀնƺۿ֮еĲźڶ
֪Žףǲӡı塣
һ̣ӲӡϣܵһɲǧǰڵĲӡһ붼ûС
ɻ
ǰЩ꾭ʲôΪô
Ϊġ
ӡڵ۾УصâˣҸܵˣͬҲܵˣϵͱܵļ¶ѣ㾡ѹգ̫ԪȻҲܡ
ӡЩƣλеġȻָ֮ꡣ
컯ʥʽʱ򣬻֮Ʒ˯еĲӡһսܾˡ
ôȥӡоȼֲסһԼ
Ҵŷⲻסˡǧ꣬һ꣬ƷʱҲһҷ֮ʱʱ֮ص֮У롣
ȻΪ飬ǻʮ꣬ӡѾʮֲˣʣµѾࡣ
£֮겻ȥˡͻȻڡ
ţӡ΢΢һ㵡
ǰŻ֪֮ѪѾ컯ʥʽˣڳķⳡƽ٣Ҳ컯ʥһִٳɵġ
ˣ
ӡȻƺû뵽ǿĻģȻᱻ˽
Ÿ컯ʥʵõһйأǰΪ˻֮
ţӡסˣʲô
⿪ӡӻ֮УѰҶԸ컯ʥʵ
ˣһʱ䣬ӡ龪ˡ
㵵Ŀ⿪ӡӻ֮ѰҶԸ컯ʥʵ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
֪ԣ
ᶨĿڣΪһ죬Ѿ̫׼
֪ĺ𣿡ӡ
ҲУܱ֮ɣ֮ݣѡعĵ壬컯ʥʴսȻҺ⿴ܾˣԤУ컯ʥӦ׼ˣǸʱѾʮʱ䣬ޱȵĻ֮ᱻ컯ʥƷΪ컯ʥ˼¡
Ļӡɫ۾ȻѾһжǵĺˡ
һǧ߰벽𣬶ʵԶ벽˲ӡ鱾ˣһûʮվҳƵˣˡ
ãȻˣһΣ
ӡĬһʱ󣬻Ŀ˵
ӡʵ̫̫壬˵ɵģӡڵ壬ػӡ
ڣȴҪֽ⿪
Ȼôٹ꣬ӡǻ飬һѣ
ӡıʧˣͬʱǰǾ޴ɽʼڻˣɽڲһڣ߽ȥ
û̽ȥԵϢһ뵽ں״̬˾ɽͨ
һһߵú
ɽڲʱɽܣһЩ˸ƹ⻪ּ
һּÿһʻɽأɢçۻϢ
ǳԷֱʣС󷨡Ҳһ˿⾳
߹ͨڣгǧӡǿ󣬾޴ɽ֮У֪жӡˡ
оĵÿһӡ֮УŷǺ;Ȼ
̲סĴЩӡ֣ܴЩıʷУӢˡ
ʱ˷룬һƬĵãмΪ룬һķͭӡ
ͭӡ֮ϣƿ໨·ڴӡϷһĻΪӡİ֡
ǲӡı塣
ʱעģǲӡе
Ȼһ߾ߺǣ
ЩƽڴΧмʮߣзʽտĻ꣬ມǳ߲֮ɫӨ͸Ȼ˼ʮ£ɢһׯʥϢ
ʣǾǿµĺǡ
⡭Щźǣ
һЩ²⣬õĻг˾η
ӡǲϵƾո֣һϣ¶һ˿Ȼ
ⶼǵѪµġ
ӡĻһ𣬲֪
ѹ֮ķǰõģǲ󷨾ʮʱ䣬ʱĻɷӡǿ󷨣ֻܽǿߵѪЩ󷨵ĺķģ޵Ѫдɣ󷨵ġӡڶǿߵ̮ġ
һþǿߵѪ⣬͵ķӡ󡣡
ӡ˵ĶȴĪ
ķģȻЩĶǰ߲İɫĲѪƾõ֮ݻġ
ĬĬߵһߺ֮ǰߺЩͣȻһµģ֪֣ʷϣҲûмء
û֪һΪʮǰӢ飬ڴĬĬŵĳߡ
һһݡ
ٰһߺǣЩǰϢۿʪþԡ
󣬵ͬ;ĩ·ʱûΪ·ֻƴһ
Ϊӡ󷨣ЩǿѪΪȴһǿĽֱ׳
һֱݹһʬǣʬԿһ仰
Ը磬ݼţѣֻ࣬Ըӻ֮ˣһ


2003 ӡ
һΪѪǿµԣоԼģһǻˡ
һݵĸоĸȾ£˻ʮ꣬ش٣ѡҲüվԼ
һʱ̣Ϊ˱ӻǵļˡˡӡѣЩǧǧҲֻǲûཻ̫ǹﶼһѪҺˣԼȡһ糣ʲôأ
ֻԸӻ֮ˣһ
૵ظ仰ĸеԼϵӵĳء
ǰĽ磬ǼʮǰܣԼѪ⽽ģΪģѹԨħģ
ڣҪ󣬽Ǹħų
ܽ併Ļ͵ڻȥǰѪˣк棬ȥԵӢ飿
Сˣ
󣬲ӡ̾һ˵
ˣ
Բӡ飬˫ȭսա
Ƹ۵һս
һõ
üģĿͬʱ˫ĿâƵһ㣬֮ϣ˹Ļơ
ͫ״̬
״̬£Ťеһźڶڶϵתһʡ
ǲӡ˵ġ
֮꣬Ǳӡźڶ֮С
󷨡Ҳѧͬһʱŷģ˲ݳණ
ĿͫеľӡԺһı⡣
ҪԸѹĻ֮꣬ҲҪ
չȥˣһֱеͻȻվʼΧߡ
˫ͫâͻͣгǧķһ̲ͣ˸ݡԪϵɢн֯
顷Ĵ󷨾裬һ̱ݵһ¡
˲ϢӰʮطÿһӰ¶ϴһŨߡ
Щ߽֯صϳһ
ֵⷨһ̣ĻϢֱϾ죬оγĴ
УǼ򵥵򣬶֮ħ֮
еһɲǣӡסˡ
ǡ
ʮϵĸ֮ţȻΪ˽ħ֮ʹõһĶħ֮
òӡе޷ţħܱ֮ƿء
ڻǱԨħģΪ֮һޱȣԨħҲ޷ʹ
˴ల£òӡȫˡ
֪УǲܵһĻ
ȻȻأӡûдֻǾĿš
֮У·޾ĺڶĥһƵģЯĻϢ
ͬʱ䣬м·ʯ·޼ÿһ϶һǿѹ
ı壬ͳ󷨵룬ڿգƹһС
󱲣Щ궼Щʲôӡ鿴һĻĻ񾪲ǧǰһɱСڣȴˡ
ʱͻȻ˲ӡ飬˵ǰʼɣ
ӡһҧ¶ʮ־ģһɫâֱеĲӡϡ
ݣ
ӡڵһ·
ƿ˷۷һ󷨵ͬ˵̵ĺˮһӿ
ʮķһ̿
𡪡
µӺڶдһɷϢȫ
·ǵ䣬ޱߵѪӴħӰ̤Ѫ˷˻
֮꣬ˣ
ĵһªĺɫ򣬶ȴǣһʮɫӵһǧֱֻۣÿֻϣһֻ۾ħ
ޱȾ޴ֻʮչڱãһǧֱֻۣÿһߵ
ڱ

֮쳤ЦЦͬһ
ʮˣʮˣڣڳˣ
֮ԣǹϵĶħϹмƣˣȫö
СӣҳˣҲ֪ʲôһѪΪųҵĴл
֮Цţֱһǧֻ۾ͬһʱ
Щ۾ǿµħۣƺܿ͸ĵı죬ģа֮ƺܽһеĸ޷Ŵ
СģǶħ򣡡
ӡһѣһѣҲӭ˻֮ԹĿ⣡
Ȼϵòӡ飬ϼһʮ꣡
˿ʱѹͷʹĥ޷ݣǻޱǿץĥ֮УҲ
˼㣬һУǰݲӡͣ
Բӡĺ⣬һ档
ɱ϶
֮ûȥǶԲӡˣ
һǧֻһǧìҪᴩӡ
һʱ䣬ӡɫ΢䣬һѾ׼ӡ壬һս
ʱһȴ
Ķң
ˡ
һ˲䣬Ľ£ķĿ⣡
һһĵľ˲ס
ÿһ־Уǳʮ֮󷨡
лں˷󷨵ľ裬ˡ⡱ַ֮⣬ֶһ㡰ĥ𡱵ķ⡣
𣡡
֮һªѪһǣסݺһ˺
𣬾ȻԡԵĳ졣
֮ǰõ󷨣Ǹ޷Ի֮вݹ
Ȼˣչֳʵȴޱȿ£
ƾҲץסңԹѪҵʳ
֮ɱһԲѸٵĺˣ˫ֿٵĴǧӡ˫ĿԨ

һȭԼؿ֮ϣһѪֱڻͷųϡ
Ϊ˶Ը֮꣬һˣ
һĴս
һսϣʮǰܵѪ
ľѪںϹ·˵ѪҺ֮У׽̲֮صƵһ¡
ҽ˲ͨ죬ȴҪȰٱĻ档

⧲֮£֮ͷųѪһ±ȼճɻҽľҲյ飬ĵط˴šŵĿհףǱӲõȥѪ⡣
֮ŤȻŤͷƵĿĿһ˿֮ɫ
벽ΪͨΪҲǿ˵زôܡ
֮ɫأȻааЦϲŵѪ⣬Ȼ֪ʲôܺͻԵҪȫԸɱ㣬һУҵˣ


2004 սĻ
ǿû֮˼ȤһȻʼȼԼԴ

գ֮ȼԼԴ֮󱬷Ŀֲףմգµȶȣòӡ鶼ò˺ࡣ
ӣ
ӡɫأ֮֮ǰѹʮ꣬Ҿ֮ǰļǧһֱϵĸӡ˲֪٣Ȼ˷ȼձԴ
ʻɾ޴Ĵˡ
𣿺ٺ٣ţֻҪǣҸЩᲹġ
֮аЦſһǧֻ۾ħ⣬ָоǶڿɿڵ
֮һݵĶħԱԼܹͬӳĻᣬԲһУ
ʱ֮ˣһǧֻֻһǧɱ
Сģ
ӡţͭӡͬһɽһصĺڻ֮ϣ
¡
µײ֮һ𣬷ֳӡǽƾ֮һӲĿһ
֮ǰڷ֮У֮걻ƣвӡڣƷȼձԴ֮ȴˣ
ǶҪ
֮һ˫ħɭɭӱŷµɱ
ħٶţͲӡһ֣
߰ƿΧĺɿռ䡣
ž
֮ɣѾ˷İΧ֮У
ڻ֮аЦţѾƶһᱻ߰ͬʱɣ꺣˺Ƭʱͻ
һɲǣһؿ£·Я־ĺâ֮ͬأγɵɭɭħɲǼͬˮıѩֱˡ
ۣ
նϣѪֱ
ЩѪǻ֮ڵĻһιʱû֮ҽ

֮ͬˮһè˻ʣ²һħֵȫٶӿħ
һ˫ԹĶ׼ȷ˵Ƕ֣
ʱ֣Ļ޾ĺɫǹ⣬ĿռѾ΢΢ŤŤռУһҺɫ建תš
׾棬沼ĻƣɢһĪϢ
֮꿴ⶫȻһ£ͫһ˿ŵĴ㵡
첻µزµûһɺ⡣
֮ʯ֮ʯΪʲôϣ
Ըоһηľħﴫ
ħһоĿǣ˿̣֮ȫɾɣȻηħ
ϧһʳƬ
һħ֮ƽħɱﵣһʼûжҲΪܹ͵Ϯ֮һȻû뵽֮ǿ󣬾ȻܹڱɱһдֻǱشˡ
Ҫһ꣬óħ˲䣬ͱħâгƬˡ
Ȼǵӽ·˵ħͷѹʮ꣬Ҳǿ󡭡ƿ컯ʥʣǺεΣ
ţĿ
ʱ֮ӿ¶һ˿˿ʹ֮ɫЩħնϵ˿ڣͻȻħɭɭҪµֱһ㡣
ͬʱ֮ɫҲڼ
޸Լ壡
һĻһϻ˵ֱȼվѪħ˳ȥ
Ȼ֮κλָĻᣡ
ħѪʵ߶Ѿʹָ
һɲǣħ籩ɿµȸղŲӡĹ֪ǿ˶ٱ
Ĺû֮ˣ
δ޸Σ
֮ʮǰķսϵǿ߲֪ж٣ЩѪĲһҲ

֮ٶð˺ɫĻ棬ȻȼԼȫԴ
һߣǾǿĻߣȼȫԴҲ˲ˣǻ֮꣬ȴֱ˼顣
סˣɱô
Сģ֮ǰ˲֪ǿߣЩǿߵ꾫ԼڣȼյĲԼıԴЩ洢꾫Ҫƴˣ
ӡٵ˵
л򣬹ֲû֮ôѹʮ껹ԭɵ𣬰궼ǵ£Ȼܰסڷ֮УһֱӡޣȻƷ
Ȼ䣬֮ͷѿһֻ۾ֻ۾Ѫϵ۾Щƣȴȫɺɫġ
ǻĵһǧһֻħۣ۾ı棬·һ̲ͣ˸صĺڹ⡣
ڹкɳķĳ
Ȼ۾ûԻ쳣ֻǿһۣûɵĸоʮֵǿһ˿측֡
һڹǹ̺صϡ
ˢ
ڹ绹죬еħȥ⿴ƽһȴŻ֮꼸ʮǰɵ꣡
¡һ죬ڹħײ˾
ħͷųľҲһµħ۵Ļˣ
ǻҲܣһĹٴࡣ
Ȼʱ򣬻ĸԼ飬һǧһֻħȫɭѪ
ݣ
ɰǧɫâӻ֮ڳЩǼʮǰ֮ɵǿߵĻȻʲôǳɰǧǿߵĻȴޱȿֲ
Щħ֮ƴűٴشĴۣƾħ
ڵȻħȴ֮γɵħΧֻҪ̶һϢʱ䣬޷ջħӮˡ
ˣȥˣ֮ʯҲҵˣ
ţͷĹյľ޶ܣڱΡ
ʱ̣Ҳ͵ϮΪʤĻᡣ
ȫҵĲһ˻𣬳ɰǧѪɫìȵĻգ£Хҡ
ʮ׷׳֡
ɵĴ֮ӡͫһٴѡ
ĵǿɣڻʩչĵܵǿߣЩǿߵľѪ꣬ҲǵķʩչҪɱ
һµɱ˵ΪԼá
ɣӰ˳ȥ
ӡٴκȻѾƴһĻֻ֮֮꣬һĵֱӽӡɣ
ӡҵȻ˼ޡ
ʱ򣬻ĸӡĿ
ħƿߣΪ˻ɱӡжħĻᣡ


2005 ܻĻ
ǣ
֮ƿصʮ飡
һˣѾ˵󷨵ıԵֱʮΧ
Ȼڻ֮һɱʱͻȻݵ
Ѿ֮ΧʱжϾϵħͻȻͷųһɹޱߵľ籩
Щ籩֮ǰƿħͷŵľ籩й֮޲
ž
ħΧƵ֮籩Ľ飬ҵڿһûݹ࣡
ʲô
֮ûлͷȻȴʮʲô顣
ԭѾʱжϵħȻͻȻԼ˹
ôܣ
֮ϸ룬ʱħΧһ㵭ɫ
ЩһɰĺСŮӰСŮ˫Ŀʮֿɰ
СŮȻǺʵôȲ׼ȷ˵ֻǷ壬޷
ǣħУȴˮΪħݻģȻ飬ȴ顣
ں̶ܴϲٿħٿʤ
ǰµĻ֮꣬Ĵ۾һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ûκͣĳˣһɺ嫵ıԴӺŷⰻȻħȫ
һʱ䣬ħɳɲǣⱩǣԭҺɫĹںϺ֮󣬱ü貣˸ǳ

֮걩ŭʻᱻħһѾɵޱȥ£һɣ
ֻڼһɲǣתԼɵʮת
ͬʱʮ
ĹΪǸصСŮϣĸҡ
˲ģֿľȫܾˣʤĴ򷨡
Ȼʱ¶һ˿Ц촽ᶯ˲䴫֮ĶС
ľֻΪˣ
С
˫ֻǰ̫ԵӰ̫ԣȴ֮ɣǶħ֮֮ɡ
ŰӰĳ֣µ־ķֱӭ˻֮ʮ
¡
͵ıը죬˳ȥ֮ҲξҵĲģ
ħ֮ôܣ
֮¶֮ɫ޷һôƿضħ֮ģ
ʵҲ̫ЩȻ԰벽ΪˣͳסԼĹ
ʱֲĹˡ
⹥ڻ֮ǺĹ
ħ󷽣ֻСֶһĵĿռѾ޾ĺڶħڶתƺҪؼһ
ˡ
һȦȦľ籩ʵɢѹ֮Ķħ
ħֵֻһգ۵ʱ䣬Ȼ飡
籩ϯ֮ѪìѣڣϨ𣬾޶ܱ⡭֮ʹģõʮ취ŷ׷ħѹ߹

֮ҽУ͹ķĹ⵽ɣ޷ħĹˣ
Ѿע
꣡
ħľ籩ʼĥ֮Ļ屳Ѫǧֱۣڿµķ籩бĥʼ⡣
֮귢˺ѷεĲҽУ֮ǰ۳ѾĸɾȫƾĻֿݹٿصħ͵ϸ⣬ÿһη籩תɻ֮
ôȥֻҪϢʱ䣬ͻҷ
һ
ڿµ籩֮УͻȻ
ƴӣ̼ϵһʱ䣬֮һ˿Ϣ֮˻ҷˡ
֪ʱΪʲôͻȻú֣ʶǴϲ£ܳû
ɱңԸΪ
֮У϶ǶͼıֻҪ̰Ϳܷռħ
֮ϣȻûдһֻץħ
ҡ
Ժ˵˵ͷֻСַħ֮ϣĻںΨһ
֮ЩĿͬʱȴջ
ˣҼʮµţδܹΪףѾ֤ԼֻҪŹңԸ⸨㣬ˣǲţūӡҲܸǩԼҵ;ĺôڣû˻Ķ֣ԾۼԨħ㣬ʮ죬δˣ
֮꿶´ʵ˵Լƻĵַţ֪ǻ̰Ҳ֪ҰĵˣĻ⶯ţĸûҰĵģôߵһ
֮϶ԼѾҵ˻
Ȼû뵽ǣ·ûĻƵģղżıݣûһۡ
ֻǰַֻŶλãԼںϣħ˹Ŀ˵֣ĻľӡĨȥˣǲҪ˺걾壬ã
һ仰統ͷһû֮εѣ
ţɵĵͷ˵Сϣһ˫ˮ۾һգգĶס֮꣬ħ飬ѾԻˡʲôȥʣҲȥģ֮ҪĨȥªӡǣæǡ
㣡㾹ȻҪĨȥľӡǣ
֮ˣͷʣһֻħۼҪѪ֪ΪʲôſӡΪʲôڹؼʱҷˣΪһʼݶʹĨȥԼľӡǣɵԼΪã
ǻҷ𣬶ĨȥӡǣӴ˻ججɥʧңһЩǱĨȥӡǺ󻹱ɣɱԼĳ£ǿ˵Աֱɱʮ
ʱ򣬻֮궸Ȼ֮ʯƺ֮ʯĻĿһ㣡
㲻ú
Թ䣬ʱڿ֮꣬۾Ǳ֮ɫ
ϧ㵱ʱ㾡ȫʮȫң㲻ܽɱҲشң걾Դ𣬼޷ָȻѣȴԱȥ˱ū۵ˣҺôòشۡ
̫̰ˣȻͼƴԼ˶ɱңõħıɣע̰ҲעҪΪ£
˵ħѾһĺɫߣһնֱ۵Ļ֮סˡ
ˣһֻۡһ֮üĵֻ۾Ҳһڹⶴʧ
ʱĻ֮꣬Ѿ޷֮ˡ


2006 
רעֻСֶһƯħںֻС֮⣬һ˫֣ͬĶһ𣬽Լעħ
кİδоԼĻ꺣ħָоħԼһ֣ٿء
ݣ
һڹֱ֮Ļ꺣ͷʧ۾˽ȥֱľӡǣ

֮귢˻ǽһ˵ɤ˲һ㣬̶֮
֮Уʼ죬ƺʲôڱѣ
ɫ㣬ʱ̣ԲûлԱ򼦷ɵ
һǱ鲼֮ܣһҽߣ׷ױ˻ĵ֮Уס˻ģŴŵȼգĥ־
֮Ȼȫޱȣ޷ۣͬʱľӡڱϵĥʶԽԽģ
꣬ǲĴڣһ죬ᾭ龰
ӡʱû˺¹
ֲʽ
Ѿܶڲԣ˼ͣˣ̶ʮϢʱ䣬Է·һǰЩʱʹ࣬ȥʮڷӡоʹܺͶ࣡
ˡ
κθ飬ħٴηһɫߣì¡һ£ػ˻ĵĻ꺣

ĵľӡһɲǳױ鿪ɢΡ
һ̣ħɫУֱӽʧȥʶĻ֮꣬ɽȥˡ
ˣ
һһսĲСⲻڶñԴ޾ѪģҲڴսʼʱѹ
ʱĿһսĲӡѾ֪˵ʲôˣһսûʲôãħСŮϣͽ˻֮ꡣ
ķƻҲòӡеľĨ˻֮ӡǣջ֮ꡣ
СҪջ֮ꣿ֪֮ӡǱĨɱҲҪðżΣգΪ꣬Ҳзɵıܡ
ӡ˵ĲõħʱһƬ꺣ʧأΣܸͬߡ
ڰǰģȻˣҲС֮꣬ɲһ׵顣
ʱôĴŻʮϰɣҲ꺣еļ̫ӴǧļǴǰϣҪ̵󣬲ôʵ꺣һô䣬ֻҪסĻ꣬Ϊþˡ
һѾĨɱӡǵ꣬ټħѹǶȻʲôġ
ǡҲãӡһЩ
ʱѾʼϢ굤ҩһʱʱ䣬ͽԼ״̬óħ˻֮ꡣ
ʱĻ֮꣬ѾһɫĹš
Ҳ룬ֱӽŰԼüģ꺣
¡
Ļ꺣ɲǼˣ
̫֮ǿˣǿöࡣ
ʱ꺣ɻ֮龰һƬĺĳһ죬ͻȻ׹һǳ
ϯ졣
ɫ΢΢԰ףһץħħҲԼüġ
ǣ
һ̣Ļ꺣Ͽգ޴ħѹһɹɺ⼤䣬֮£ԭŰĻ֮ͻȻǼèһӰ
֮ʵ̫ǿˣĻ꣬һޱȼѵĹ̡
֮˾֮
ݣ
Щ֮ͬһ꺣ǣŻ꺣еˮ֮γɵľ޴Ųסˡ
֮Ļı壬ͬ׶һ˻Ļ֮Уһֱ˻Ļ
һһľ֮꺣ӿֵԽԽ֮࣬걻Щ֮£֮ûĻ꺣֮У׳ˡ
һʱ䣬һ糱޷ݵЩ֮Ļ꺣ָоʱȫ飬ͬ׻һ㡣
Ļ꺣ͨЩ֮ջĵĻˮѪ
ôȥģ֮ᱻĻ꺣ȫգĻ꺣ǿȡõֲ
ͺñһƬ󺣣һעǳһˮȡȣͬն
ôһô֮޶ȵıĵսʱӵиȨ
׽˻֮Ȼ˫ۡ
ʱ򣬺ȴվıֻСְ̫ѨϣĻ꺣ڲٿħ
˳ƿػ֮꣬ȫħѹ棬Ȼкܴһݹ͡
ĶͷѾϸܵĺ飬ϵӣӿһů⡣
лл㣬
СԴЩߵЦˣܹΪЩʲôеܿġ
ղջ֮꣬ڻ꺣йȥʱ䲢ãʵУʵѾȥҹˣڼ䣬ӡһֱڹע
ʲôСη
֮꣬ıˣ˭뵽С˴ԼԼһֱĸ󻼣һ֮곹Ϊأ
ǧȥȻɳ̶ֳȣٸǧָ꣬Σ
ӡпţȴͻȻʲôĿӹĺ
ܵӡĿ⣬Щĺ鲻Խץס½ǡ
Сĺ˺֮ǰ侲Ĳٿħش֮ꡣ
ѵǡ֮ʯ飿
ӡյ˼飬ȼĴڣѾԽһ棬ǺѲ飬һҲӦǻصǿڣǰСŮȻ
ıС֣ʾؽţЦЦ˵ǰôΪ׼ȷ˵ħеķ򣬽һλǿµ־ѪȵϢ۳壬֮ǰһμǰʱ򣬴һССŮҲӦϿ۵壬·йء
СϿ·ˡ
ӡ˳˼ԭǸСŮҼˡ·ĽƺΪʲô뿪򣬶ǰ·ȥ̽ľԵʱƺȷʵһСŮʱѾطˡ
ϧվûлὫ̳еǷݴзڷӡ֮ʱ򣬱ȼҲʼҼȶʹһξʮꡭ
ӡƵ˵ҲȻ𾴣ʮػӡ˶ٹ¶ĥѣ
ǲ֪ٴӡеĻ֮սԼʹͬʱҲԼ
ǵȼѣһֱһ֪ĽȼԼǰ·
ʶЩĶԲӡһ
ЦˣӦң㣬עҪ֮ڣˣȻѾưܣٻ굹ҲʲôǰҲ
ƳĶ࣬һࡣ
ȭǰ׼ٹһӾǰľۼء棬֪ǰʲô㣿
棿ӡ΢΢졣
ǰӡ˵ˣӡ𺳣ϴμʱΪӵħ²лôҲû뵽ǧǰʥʱ򣬾ܶʥĴٲ˿ֲӰˡ
棬˵ΪˣĿ˵֮ӣ
ϹͷõĻǾͷȰɣӡ˵ţûһЦ֪ӡѾԼһǰģӦսʥ壡
̣ʹ˿ʼˣ


2007 
޾ǿ֮УһҲ۵齢ڻʻ
齢֮ڣ֮Уںϻ֮ꡣ
Ȼ֮Ѿ׽Ҫ׵ƿӦȴҪһʱ䡣
֮꣬ĺôǳ޴ȾĻ꺣ڿٵǿ
ָоԴԴϵȪˮڽĻ꺣
ӵõĻ꣬Ǽµʱ䣬оԼĻѾǿһɰ롣
Ļеܻȴûô١
ֱ۵ĸܵ˻Ļǿ
˿֮ǰԼռеõĶħǱ·ֻ֮ʣ˺һ־֮ˣԼܽȫյ
Ԩħʬ壬ӽµľԼԵλ𣬶δܳˡ
ȻĻǿͬʱҲ鷳
Ǿǹڻ̺֮ļ䡣
ʮ꣬õĹļ佫һϢ⣡
кܿ漰ڰԨǰս·ˣȵʷϾ춯ء
õЩȻֵ
ϧȥ̽ѰĻеļʱľ֮ȴ·һƳһʯѹ塣
žʹЩ˻ȥ
ĵĻ꺣д洢ļ̫ˣЩ䲻⼸ʮ飬ɵЩǿߡܣЩ˵ļ䣬飬ҲĵĻ꺣ӡ
Ҫ޷ļмԼҪĶֱ룬Ḷ́Ļ꺣ЩԳܡ
һθܵԨħĲ
ԨħǳܳܵĶǻܱȵģɼܣǻĵ츳һϣǻ޷⡣
ͬģǻ츳ԨħҲ޷⡣
ģֻʱȽ䱦ˣʱƣܽĻеļɵΪԼá
ʱ֪䣬Ѿӽˡ
֮ǰѾ̽ڵڣʥ컯ʥʣû֮ٳڡ
ڣѾ˺üˣҲ˵ʥڼǰѾڵ档
ǣڵ壬Ѿǧǰǰ޵ֿ֮ˡ
һôõʱ䣬Ѿǿˡ
ӵܹ̾ϢǽּּԸʥս
Ҫ֪̾ϢǽѶȣɱʥСöֻ࣬Ҫ춥һ㾫Ѫˡ
ʥûĴ̾ϢǽôҲҪʱܿһ󶴣Щʱ䣬㹻ݵĳˡ
廹һЩȷȥµ̽Ѱŵ㣬Ȼô齢ܴߵĶȫߣɵսתơ

սҲܹʹȥģΪʮ죬ֻʮģʮ첢ÿһ춼ʺǻסЩĻҪ£޾ĺڶʱշ籩У棬Ϊ·
۵Щ޷ס棬ôܹ嵱·沢ֻ࣬߰أҾ߰棬ȫһ
һһεȥܿͻһҲû·档
ǸʱҪʥһսˣ
һսĽ塭䣡
䣬Ҳҵһսţ⽫ǧʱ岻ԵҲȻһЩʥ忹
Ϊˡ
һսУ壬ʥʶǵĵ̺ǿ
ţ𲻻ԼʧԼҪãһս֮ʣʵٿ죬Ҳһ˾սʤʥ塣
Ҫϡ
ʱѾƮԼ齢һ齢С硣
ڵλãڻкԶܿڴɭϵ
פģѾ齢ˣһ޴ĽЩǶݣСһҲֱģԱеСˡ
Щ֮䣬齢ش󣬼һӶӵѲߣΧˮйͨ
׼ôȥ
ԣӡʵûһߣѪ⣬˼ûκǲӡΪִĶ鱦ӵеǴҲ͸
ȥ
˵䣬̤ȥ
̤ʱӰģôŤռ䣬ǶҲ޷λá
ҪСģΪʥ廹
վ۷ÿһͨ񣬶ɲ⣡һǴʱͨڸĻԼΣˡ
סĵȴֱһʥ齢ڵʱӰһѡһ齢۵һңϢķ˹ȥ
齢ķ㣬ûܸκˮһ棬һ̣Ѿ齢Ľ֮ˡ
ʱǰһʥĿɿڴĿĽ룬С
ȻӰһֻһ죬ùʥ߱һȭΣ硣
һǸùʥߵ·˲ϣòϵĸı䣬øղŵʥһģһ
һʥڣҲһø֪ɨããʥУȻ޷ҵݵˡ
齢˳˳ķڡ
һսʥ齢֪һɨ֪齢ʵָһ
齢ӵ콢Ӧָӡ
ֱ̾ϢǽǱľ޴ͨУ̵ĸܵ̾ϢǽĿ¡
̾ϢǽʮǱĴĶУкɫĻ˸һͬһȼյĺ棬ɢſµϢκοĶܱ
Ѿͨ̾Ϣǽͨ򡪡ϵȫʻ
ڵ齢֮ڣָߵ
齢Ȼ٣ҺܿͿ󷨣ʼпռŲơ
ϾĴڽ֮Уϴ֮ӹǿգһʱпǧ
棬ˣ
塭壬ʱǧʱ䣬ڿԿһ嵽׷չʲôӡ
Сħɡǧꡢ롢𡢺𣬻Լĺӡ
һһϤˣҲڿ֮طˡ
һڰеˣ齢Ǳţȴųֵʱ̣֪漫󣬶Ҵǣ϶ѾĴҪҵǲףʥսǵ鱨ҵϣܶࡣ


2008
򣬻磬ʥڵ棬ԿһƯе½Щ½ľһ飬ΧһĿռ޾ưΧ濴ȥһεľ޵
Χ½Щ֮УкܶǳǱǻľǣ˿ɼ½ˡ
ǧУÿһ磬һ½Щ½ÿһĵطԶŵ۶½ϡ
棬ȴٿ½ȡ½ģﾭԿһƬƬϵ
Щϵ޴ޱȣչִۣչ
ϵ֮Уǧڡڵǳ̶ȣݡ
ʥѼϣЩϵʵԭġ½ǣڹȥʮʱ½ʲôµ飬ױըЩ½ƬɢΧռ֮У±˴˻תγϵˡ
һΣʥҪȥϵ֮һ
Լ磬ͨߵķʽǸƷĵùʥ߿е֪ЩϣеЩ𺳡
ʥģô½˭أ
Ӵ½ǴڱȻ顭
ⳬˣ˵񣬾·ˣô
޷ȷ·Ƿֱĸе½¸ǰĺƽйء
ǻӵʮ棬ÿһ涼вõȻһս֮ǻܹڵֻʣʮء
һ棬ģƬ˿ڵǷ̶ܴҲΪ½飿
ôʥĴսһƽٱǾ͸ʲôˡ
Ͼʥڶʱ޷
ǰĴ𡭡ţ塢塢ʥ嶼֮ŷչģôǰ˭ǲһĶأѵԨħô
ԨħڵĺڰԨ磬ʲôܣ
޷֪Щ飬ӡҲ֪Ҳֻͷ֪֮ǰѯǵʱǻشȴǣֻеԼԼˣӳΪֵʱ򣬲Ż֪Щ飬򷴶ܻΪ֪һЩضֻ
ʱѾʥĴ󲿶ӣ뿪ڴԶˣһһεϵԾ
鱨һ֧Ǳϵ֮С
ò˵ģ½ʱϯռĿֲըγ˻ҵĿռ䣬ŤǺڶ涴ȵ߰ĸӿռ价Ҫ̫ˡ
ߵĸ֪͸Щռ䣬ǿҪѱһϵҲҪķ൱ľ
ϵ̫̫ˣʥҲû취һҹȥ͸˴Ϣ֮
һ֧ӣںϵشʱͻȻվ߳ڵ齢
֮ǰļʱ䣬ѾǸùʥ߿еõ鱨Щ鱨⣬Ҫϸ鱨ȷСħɡεڵĴλá
׼ȷλãԴ˲κϣСħɺıʥҵĻǿ컯ʥʶԳˡ
ҪõЩ鱨һݾǾǿƸǿˣĸ֪ɲǼɢ֧ȫˡ

һһοռŲ֧֮콢һУһϣǰһѺɫѪڷ
ҿĳҩʦҩаڷһ¯֮⣬һӣϷŸƿƿ޹ޣдõҩݡ
ӽһҩڱգīɫݣҩƺҪΪȶһ
߻ȻδֻǶǰһѺɫѪ⣬òѾܲˣĸݵӣīɫĿۣĴȥ˺ܶ࣬Եĵ͡
֮Ѫ⣬ȷ档
ţһ˫ǵ۾ƵĶѪ⣬̲סߵһУ֮УóһȭͷСѪɫš
ⷽ棬žʣóʱĶţϵðѪ
⾹һġ
߽ȡֱӶǰһźɫĻ֮ѪУֻգۼ䣬ԭĿ䶯ŵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ŵѪζһֱӰˡ
ϡ
֮Ѫҵ䶯Ƭ֮󣬾ǽȫɵˣԼһ֣
߾ĸ֪һǵ۾һ˿ɣһ࣬ȫתԼ֣Ѫǿ֮࣬ѪںϵĻͨϵɣܹԭݽߵԪǧ꣬δͻλľ硣
һԼͱһΪĹ⵹ǲҪؼǣں˻֮Ѫ֮󣬿Ҫ컯ʥʵūͣԺҪȫˣĴۣδ̫Щ컯ʥʸһ֮Ѫ⣬϶׸һֵġ
˲תͷȻٻǧջʵ޷£ԥһ溰ˣ
Ƭ֮űƿһü˳۵߽ҡ
ȥķ²ӪиѡŮҪʮµģ츳õġ
Ҫ֤һ£֮Ѫɻ˵Ļܹӻ˥ϡ
ʱЩԾ
㻹Ÿʲôôȥ
Ȼ̧ͷϬͬӥһ㿴̧꣬ͷ˲䣬궯ˡ
ٶȿ쵽ȣһɫĳǹͬһһ̸ֱߵʺ
ǹ̫ˣ쵽ߵԸϡ
ȻϾǿߣصһ˲䣬ڱֲĺףΪҩʦʱı棬Ҳɱﵡ
ֵһ˲䣬󷨼ӳֵ˲ڻˮеһж˵¯һŻ֮Ѫ֮⣬ȫɷɻң
⻹Ϊ߶ۣ齢Ҫը
Ǿĺɫ۳һ״צ˹ȥʱǸ˺ɫĳǹȴͷβᴩ

ױߵĻԪҲ֮粣һ㱬飬ŵ֮У˳ǹප
ǹһŤȻһȫһɰԵޱȵȫˣ
㡭ߴѪȻһԲָӡһȦȦص޷ģ߲Χסˣ׽סڵ
꣬
ĮĿǰĸߡ
ϣ౻ټѾһ̲⣬Ϊʥ𾿾һߣҲ˶ݵ
ûɱá
Ѿȫ˵ˣһѪۣͻѪ˿ԹĿ
ͬʱҲĪ굽ʲôˣȻӵ˿µѵĵȣ


2009 ƻѪ
ߣ⼸ǧһζʥ֣֪䣬Ѿǿ̶ֳˡ
Ѱк޵ֿ֮
ʱȴûߣעһƬеĻ֮Ѫϡ
䶯Ѫ⣬΢΢ü
컯ʥʣѾ֮Ѫøʹôô֮Ѫ⸽Ľʥжأ
֮ͨѪ⣬ԽԽǿߣΪ컯ʥʵū͡
뵽Ż֮Ѫ⣬ͻȻ飬ʶʲô
ԼĻ꺣ϵ꺣еĻ֮꣬һУŻ֮Ѫ⣬䶯ţƮ˹
ⲻڸǻ֮Ѫ£
֮ѪѾƮǰƯģоˣԼеĻ֮ѪⲻͬѰڡħŨ컯ʥרΪ׼ģȻֻͷСһ㣬̺ȴǳĿֲ
ĸܵ꺣бӡĻ֮꣬ͨԼľŻ֮Ѫϵһ
ʱƺһָоֻҪŻ֮Ѫ´ͻԼ־
Իٶû⡣
û׳ԣΪŻ֮ѪУͬܵ컯ʥʵľӡǡ
֮Ѫ⣬ӵʮֿµɣκζԼڲ
һ֮ѪߵںϣôںϵߣҲһձ˵ǿ
֮⣬ںϻ֮Ѫߣܱ
ֱмԭʥߣ֮ͨѪķʽɱ֮󣬾Ȼڶʱڻ֮ǰȫѹͬߣ
ߵ磬кܶ˻Ϊ˱ǿΪĸߣΪ˸κ
类ɱߣ޷ܾٻǧջ
컯ʥʾץסһ㣬ôȥͨĳΪеľף
֪컯ʥƿһ֮õʲôôϾеĻ֮ѪⶼȫƣǷ֮ͨѪ⣬ЩߵͻĽޣΪǿ·˵Ĵأ
뵽ɫЩȻƲδ׼ȷʮ˽컯ʥʵĿҰģ壬ֻҰĵĵһˡ
δ٣ʥʡϹ֣׷չ¶ǵʼʵʩǸԲļƻ
ǶΪԼ֡
ڣѾԿ컯ʥʵ壬ǣȴ͸۵塣
ÿ˶ƿ̣УȻҲ
ڵȴ˵ģӳΪֵʱ̡
ʱˡˡĽŲ
һȺʥ˹ղǸߵĴսǳ̫ĶҶˡ
㡭ˡɱң齢Ҳ߲ˡʥ׷ɱ㣬ᱻҡ
ֻʣһĸ߼ѵĴϢţѾܿڣȴܴ
ĮĿһۣʱѾ˺
Ŵˣʲô
ʮ嵽ҩҵſڣҩʦŶˮ󷨸Ѿ֧飬ǳͨĳ˽
Ȼҩڵ龰Ƕ΢΢һ
ʲô
һɳơ𺣬żŭȻīɫ۵ĸŴʦö˶˵վм䣬ɫޱ
Χһѷ棬ԼܿһѻɷɻҵĶƺҩ
Ϸ
߷ŭЩʥǿ߱ͷһٳʱӳĴ£ñʱй֮޲ٶȣ˳Ƭ
ŴԽԽԸŹˡ
뿪Ƭ֮󣬲С
Ԫ޶ˣȻԸŹ֣ܶ˶ӣܸղڳʲôٵҩʧˡ
סڣŴ֪ǱȫҪ
˵ţѾûˣ׼䣬ǲˡ
ʱѾ²󷨣ҷ˻ħռ䣬ǰֻʣһŴʦ
ʱҲ˸ŴʦһģһףϢ޶¡
㡭㡭߾ĪֱоײˣԼȻһʱ䶼޷ǰðƻԼʲô
Ż֮Ѫ⣬һš
ĿɿڴУ֮Ѫ𴦵λã֮ѪһմŵѪŵѪζˮһ㣬ϡŵ֮С
㡭ʲô
ɫס
Ȼ֮ѪⲢûţƺ컯ʥѾµľӡ֮Ѫŵ֮󣬾ͻһϸ˿ÿһ֡
֮ѪӴѪ֮ŸоԼڻָ
Ļˣ
žžž
Χµķͬʱʧһ˲䣬ָɡ
һסˣȻŹ
϶ԼĶ֣ԲŷſĽ
һ˲䣬Ժӹһͷ֮ɱ
֪ɻ֮Ѫ֮󣬾ͿԻñȻûùȴоԼں˻֮Ѫ·ıܡ
ֻҪһͿԼԼڻ֮ѪҰԣ
Ŵʱȴҽһȫʹ
ֻۡ죬Ѫϸ˿ѪǸ˿һ㴩͸ŵ壬ЩѪɫϸ˿ںϵڵĻ֮Ѫ⣡
ȫѪ鶼Ѫ˿̵÷飬òˡ
֮Ѫŵ֮ɿԿǣΪ֮Ѫʱڻ֮Ѫľӡǡ
ӡǣСĵĽ컯ʥʵľӡǱܿˡ
һ컯ʥʵľӡǲڳ˯״̬ʱľӡǾƿ˻֮ѪȫָȨ
ղŸŻ֮Ѫ´ɢ䣬ɱš
ɹˡ
дϲ
Լڻ֮Ѫľӡǣ컯ʥµľӡͬʱʱǻ֮Ѫ˭أ
ڴһʱ̵ĵ
ֻϧ֤ܱ컯ʥʷһһԿƻ֮Ѫ˴ڡ
һУһźɫתŷɳߵıԴȫգֱĨȥеľӡǣ˴ļ䡣
ߵ꺣ʼĶ䡣
ԺйڹҩȵЩͿϣȫˣҪģǹʥڵ鱨
ķֲ״ʵԱȣʥλã
ֻǿһ鱨ʱ亹ˡ
鱨ǣѾԽԽƽ۷壬ڴͨڶ֮ͨ컯ʥʿʼʱĴչأڼ䲻κ˴ţʼûģʮ֮һҲóķ򡪡Ԫϵ
컯ʥʣҪûģնľԪϵ


2010
ʮʺһϵĵǣһǾԪϵĻű䡣
ʮǰǣնһֱۣһΣҪɵȴǾԪϵ֮ű䡣
ǽ峹أ
ľԪϵôѾƿ˾Ԫϵߣɥʧô
һԼͻƵʱ龰ڰĹƵǵʱͼ谭ǻͼ֮ͻ˵ǡ
ҵǵڶʹá
ƺζţʮûʧֻΪĳԭ򣬶ӡˡ
ľԪϵôֵܳĽǣѾ޳ɾԪϵߣӵԭı䡣
û޳ɵߣȴպѣͻƾʱһͼ
ͬһЩҪٽһҪͻԼҪͻҲϼѣ
ָоǻɵʮ֮ϵɵһĴˡ
һͱˣ
ʶһʱһ
ԹʷûʲôܹôڣܻΪԭ˥䡣
̫塢壬ǶΪ¶ûġ
̫ܶǿһȢ޳ɰǧȴûһãĿţ̫˿ԽԽ٣
ôǷпܣҲĳƵԨħɣ̫ˣǰ۷ʧȥ˷أ
ԽԽепܡ
ԨħҲ̫壬ͽĨȥˣ
壬ƺ̫·Ԫϵ֮űϵ֮·ͬʱ彫ֻʣֳǸʲô
컯ʥʳɹˣ彫ԭ̤޳ͷ֮ա컯ʥʵһݵĽ˺֮ǡ
ԽԽоʱȡ
ΨһֵҵǣʮҪĻ̫ҲҪѺܾúܾõʱ䣬ʱڣ컯ʥʶҪչأȴһᡣ
û컯ʥʵʥ壬ͬȥצϻ
Щͷѹļ䣬Ķŵļ䣬ܿ죬ҵ˺ܶмֵϢ
Ϣǹڻĵġ
Щ꣬ԴѾһͷ컯ʥƿء
ͬʱƶħľѪ⣬ЩѪָʥһЩʥӵɺͱ齨˻֮š
֮Ȼȫ컯ʥʣ컯ʥʱչأ֮ʥʥָӡ
ʥ֣ڵڶβμʱ˵һΣʱʥĽܡ
Ƿֱ컯ʥ컯ʥӣƮɽƮĵӣ״Ӱպа¡
պаʵ츳һ㣬ƾƣƾ̤𾳽컯ʥӡӲС
ڣ컯ʥӡҲ̤𾳽ˣպа̾Ͳˡ
ʥеĵλûûȣҪסˡ
ԭеĺ֮㣬Ѿʼֱ׷컯ʥͷʢĵϪס
Ϫ׵츳ƺ컯ʥҲй֮޲
ֻǰ벽ΪսѾܹӮܶһʥˡ
ʥ컯ʥӡΪףǽʥսǿĶ飬ҲĴУô꣬ϵʵ̫ˡ
ܿϧҲҵǣСħɡǧꡢ˵ϢһҲ֪ҲζǶţֻǲ֪
ΪҵҴߵ׼ȷλãʥѾʼϸˡ
ЩϸҪķ²
һ嵽ʱҲÿ˶Ϊ׳ԼͿ̵в£ܻ˱ѣʥǩԼɼϸ
֮⣬һЩ壬ǱʥǿпƣûԻūӡЩҲķŻص棬ǣλ塣
ַʥѾ˺üľݵˡ
һϢһԺ
ʥսյѾΪϸʱϵˡ
͸ϴ֮⣬ǰ޴ɫϵһſǳƮ֮Уаڡǧڡ
ϵȻȴŲ֪ٻҿռ䡢ڶ涴ʵǴ½ĹѾΪĹ֮һЩˡ
Ѿⶨһսʥսƻ
ƻЩƱػ޴ķ粨Ҫʥ巴Ӧ֮ǰһ֣


2011 ǧСħ
棬һްϵΪǱϵ
Ǳϵޱȣڲ޾Ťʱշ籩ռϲ㣬иһȥҲҷĺڶ
ϵĳ֧ľӢ
ǰʥһδŵʱͱָˡ
Ȼ˵ö˽⣬ϵڻʥģǻʥҵ
Ϊһ֧ʵ̫ˣڣʮڵ˿ڣռһƬ򣬼ʮǳ
ԭӵͺֲܶ࣬ȡ˿ߣǧ꣬˿ڿԷܼٴ˿ٶȷǳ졣
Ӵ˿ڻ漰칬齢ţдĵͽߣҪͬλһת̸ס
Ȼ˵ӵ嶼Ǿ񣬵ǧķܣǻ൱һĺ츳ǺܸߣȻеҲ޵޵ɣȻ۶ϯĴս˵ǶΣķԣȴûʲô
ˣʵռľ
ˣһһֱߵʥ巢֣ô飬ͽһҰӶɱ¾
ɱ¾֮ҴߣʥȦūΪʥպ󿪷ڻҡ
ȻѾˣʥİԵΪʥ
ֻҪٹʱ䣬潫Ϊʥĵھ棬ᵽƿеּ֮ʥԸɵĿµ棬ÿһ潨ϵսʥʮ죬ʱʥͻʵĳΪһˣ

ǱϵһƬСǴУһŵİɹһɫս׵Ůӣ͸ɹĴǿһεɫ
̾һͷī˿ͬٲһڱսϡ
ᴥŴڣˮԨϣӰģӰȻȴʮ㲡
ӡСħɡ
͸εǳ˼ǣǳϣס
СħɣѾӵԼˡ
ھŰǰСħѾͻ𾳽磬Ϊһ֮У֮һ̤𾳽
ΪζСħҲЩڳ棬ܱˣѾһ档
棬ÿһľۼأҪһΪۼ֮Упܳ𼶵̫ǣûô롣
Сħɣͻ𾳽һ죬ͽһסصͬʱҲ׷
ΪСħɳΪʱж̣ӵеֻһҲ˼ǡ
СħԼġ
˼ϵ壬ǴۼԸģǳΪƬסصĵһҲǿߡ
ǲӣͨڵ裬˼ķ
Сħ֪ǻ׷ԼڶԼΣˣҲҪ
ҪԼ˫֣ǣǰҵȢӣһķȥ
ֱģչΧƬסԽԽؿ
Ȼ˼ǽ꣬ʥˣ
һصĵӣһӾѹСħļϡ
ΪսбԼԼСħܶǲܣ
ʥһս˼꣬Ϊ̫ϵڲռ临ӣټһ壬ּһ棬ս̵̫ѰΪʥƽĽŲ˺ܶࡣ
˼ʱҲҵˡ
Ǳϵһս
Сħϼ縺ż˵ʥĲӡ
ʱСħΨһƣ˼ǵλʮΣпռڻʥ׼ҵ
ȻελãҲܲסʥʱĥʮǰһ֧ʥľţʻ˼Ǹ
Сħɵϣħɹӣʥž˼ǻǧԶĵط¶һЩʥŷ֣Ȼʼܡ
СħӲĽѾεſڵʥˡ
׷ɱСħɵʥҲʡ͵ĵƣλǾͨ׷֮СħɴŴ칬ӣ齢ӣ޷׷٣ǣǴʥ形Ӵ֮Ѿ뿪ǱϵһƬϵʱ򣬻عͷʥչɱ
һսΪңʥȫɱʥ形ӽȫ𣬶ħɹҲ൱صĴۡ
ħɹսߣڵ˼δɵʱСħʵ׷ߡ
Ȼսɳǿա
ԴˣСħʮѹսԶԼϤˣߵĸо
ǣСħɼޱģȴǺܿ˳Ϊ֪Щս׷ߣϣһǿԼҪЩսߵԸ˼սȥ
˫УһʥűСħɱ֮󣬸ǿĵˣǡ컯ʥӣͻ֮ţ
ԭλս֮УСħѾòɱڣսҲɾСħɱΪԼݲй¶컯ʥӵĵȴζţٿ±컯ʥ֪ˣ
Щ飬ѽͣСħɲ֪컯ʥôģҲֱҲҵ˿ֻĵֻɺϡ
֮СħҪԵģʥʥ֮׵컯ʥӺͿµĻ֮ţ
Сħɱ컯ʥӣڵ컯ʥӣȴƿ˻֮
֮񼶱Уڿһ㣬֮Ȼ𣬵Ҳнӽλս
ƿ컯ʥУ컯ʥӵʵƣܷ֮ӵսۿۣҲֻ񼶡
Ͼ֮УѾǾԵ޵У
֮⣬컯ʥĻ֮ţҲʥ岿оľ
Щ֮ŵĽ죬ںϻ֮Ѫ⾫Ľʹ
Щ֮Ը棡
֮ȣСħɵħɹӸһģһսĽǼʯͷ
ƫƫСħ޷ܲκ֧Ԯ
𣬶컯ʥӵĶ֣ҲԸ˻֮
ΨοԣȻȴʥ񡪡ƮǣƣһжѾƣӦˡ
СħɣֻܿԼ
֪Լ컯ʥԹǧǰ磬컯ʥԶһ̣һܰε̵Ļᣬ컯ʥܷŹ
Сħɵ˫Ŀ͸ϴ컯ʥԶа΢Цӡ
СħҧҧʶԼؿڡ
·棬һϵģѾȫʧȥ˹͸ǧġ


2012 ľ
ǧСħɲ֪ٴεĸǧģҲκ
ڣǧзӡķʹõĽѣȴûκϢ
ḧ⴮ѾʧȥСħ⴮ٴãŻö̶̵һ˲䣬֮зӡķͻᱬ鿪ķ֮⣬ʮнƳ
֮ǰ֪ٴεĳԶʧܣڽʣµһλᣬôܺء
Сħĵ̾һʱСħ֮⣬һ󼱴ٶҵĽŲ
һȺ˽ˣСħҲ˰̾ı顣
߰˸ħɹĹǸɣΪ׵һӣСħɵĶӡֻġ
Դ˼ǷƮҡֻľͽԼģصСħߣΨһСħɸеİһˡ
ĸףͬһս׵ֻģ뷿֮æһħɹǸɣҲ
ʲô£ֻĺЩϵı飬Сħͷһַ֪˲õˡ
ʥĴսָӹ٣Ҫǿ񾭡
ֻ˵Ǳϵѡ޳Ķ飬Ѿ컯ʥڷԲһƬʥľţѾʼ˵̺ʽôȥ£Ǵžͻᱻʥҵˡ
ֻأδͻ𾳽磬ʵͻˣҲ컯ʥӵĶ֡޳Ҳֻһλ𣬸ǲ컯ʥӡ
ʲô
СħֱվһĶȻȥ
ʵ޳Ǳ꼰˵ģԭ컯ʥӸ֪ǱϵСħ֮⻹һ޳Ϊڻħɹı컯ʥӷˡ
޳Ҫ˼Ǵ컯ʥûҵ˼ǣȴ޳λá
һĲٻϢ
ʱֻߵһħɹǸվСħɵ޳ĶҲֲ˶ˣǾԮǲȣ
ħɹʳĻҲֻĵ˴æʾСħɵҪԭ
ȣΥ壬ȣҪޱȿµĵˣӣܵĽǣȫû
һѵѡ
ֻСħɾϡ
䣬޷ܵѹСħڳΪ֮ǰδ̵򵽣һսϵκһغ˵
Ȼ˼ϣ˵Ĺǣ˵ϣãپţٲ֪룬ҲҪһ
Ҳǰĳǧ·Уֻһ·ҡŶʽ£ҳ
ܲȥ

ĩμŴˡ
ǰվһʥʥϵŵƫ
ϴô
ϳǿģɳ˵ڵһݵͷǸȥһģһټѾĶŵļ䣬ҪעĶ¶ŵĶֲ١
Ҫ϶ˣŴ˹Ŀ
ʥöݸʶһɨϣʥľӴԷֲѾ̽鵽˵йĵͼЩӵפϵʾ˳
ֻʮϢʱ䣬ͽЩϿ꣬΢΢üЩ̫ˣЩʥӵķֲͼֻԵıʾһ̫Ҫƾһҵǣǳѡ
ҹڻ֮ŵϣ֮١
ţʥڲȻиϸϣֻûиԼ
ѵûиϸô
򶪻ظʥĽʥΪѵ˵ŴˣЩϣĩҲûȨģҡŴƺֻҪ֪ϵϾ˰ɣҪʲôأ
ʥ˵ţЩɻĿһЩжڱϣʥ彫ˣΪٰ־пȫ֪ҲûĲ棬Ҳһɣһʥʥıߡ
ŴҪĻҪЩϣһЩʾ˵Ŵϵһˣûаݷùɡ
ʥСĿڣλҲϵͳ˧ϵҲģԭϵһ͸ðݷȻαװɵΪԸƧŹ֣ûаݷõĻҲûʲôֵġ
ʥô˵Ƿһ˿΢Цˡ
ֱ칬ȥ

ɫĴ֮УϵľŸ߲ڽһ»顣
Ѿطʮˣôˣϵҵȴֻһƽ񣬵ץ˼ǧϣ϶졭
һ˫Ŀ΢΢ĺѪ˿ŤĴ˵ڻ֮ţǻ֮פϵָӹ١
żֵ̺ʽеȴõİ취ȥܻЩҳģʱҪúдǣȻǺϡ
һɫ԰ףһĵ˵ţλϵʼһԲۡ
ʱһ˴š
Ŵˣڿᣬǲǵһȣ
˵ʱžͱƿˣžڴ֮С
ͻȻţɫһԭͶλûʲôøС
˵ʲôʱǷһ˿Цݣ֣ģһתŵĺɫ壬ɫ·һħ˿һƺҪݽȥ
ʱĴҪʲô
ˢ
һɲçۻηԲɵĿռ䣬ˣ֮С
δܹ漰ķҲʶǺɷ
㡭㲻ţ
ŭʱѾһ̤ǰеħֱ׳µУһУ
˫ĿѪ죬ȫžžı죬˲伤Ѫ
ߣ֮ŵľҲŭһȫ䶯ѪɫĴ֣ԥ˻֮Ѫ⣬ΪֻѡԨħûһս֮
ȻôҲû뵽Ǹոշһ˲䣬ǵȴͻȻ˻֮УȫˣǱѪ촥֣Ǳ˵ߣȫǵĿơ
ֻ̼䣬ЩԭĴַ׷׵תǵľ׵
һ˲ıʣǻɢҪȴ㤵ķ֣ǵ·ѾԼˣˡ
ۣۣ
֮ŵĽ죬֮ѪγɵĴֶ˲ӣǵͷ­ô˳Ŀ
ֶԻ֮ŵƿ֮ǰѾʵˣóˮ
ͬʱѾħľ籩ΧƾοҲı䲻˼ȶĽ֡

Ѫĵȥ


2013 ս
ǱϵһûʵĴ֮У컯ʥӴ𵶵ڴϣǰսͶӰǿյͼ
Žɫսףϵص磬жһƣתʱʱģڵͼϵһطߵòŮͻһ鱦ʯ컯ʥָλϡ
ֱʯС
ģ컯ʥǰǿյͼʯһ롣
ĵͼ컯ʥӵǷһ˿΢Ц
ɶοӳҵָɽ
ǱϵɵһЩͱʥ岼˸Ӧ崩Ӧݣʥͻ֣ᷢ׷һ׷ȥ
ʥҪģǲϵȻСӦķΧѡ
ھԵʵ֧£ΧСħɵĸо컯ʥһеĿС
Сħɣһ죬Ҫҵˣ
컯ʥЦţʶץץƣ·ҪСħһ㡣
ʵ컯ʥӶԣôʱ䣬ʲôܹˣŮҲԹ˼֮˼Ҳ͵ˡģֻʮҰġ
СħɲͬСħһ̹ĵĳ裬ʥ屻ȡЦ̸ʡ
ʱ˴ñӣѾսһ˵ļޣ˵бģǾǲ˴ñӣ֮һسӵʱ򣬻ǸԶԼС˴˸仨ˮ
컯ʥⱲܹıûһĶࡣ
һ컯ʥ
컯ʥʵ޵Уϣţܺݺݵİڽ¡
ϧѾˣܵĳѾ޷һأôֻܴСħɣŮһˣҪСħɱԼŮūⷢй裬ˣͷ֮ޡ
ץסСħɣ컯ʥӾͻεе̣һͿԲ״̬ȥ
컯ʥƷƣ־ʱͻȻм˳˽ϥأʥӵ£ˡ
ʲôոõ鱻ң컯ʥ΢΢üʥ߸ͽνġ¡һҲʥ׷ϳ⣬һЩ²Ӫʲôĵطٳ֮ࡣʲô£
ʥӶһۣһӲͷƤ˵ϵݵ˹ʧأʥʥϵˣȫûˣ
ž컯ʥеľƱֱӱ飬ʺѾȾ˵̺Ѫһ㣬˵ʲô
컯ʥһ˿֮ɫ
Դ컯ʥʿʼٿػɻű֮ʥսָȨ൱һƽ컯ʥӣʮʥӵĵȣϵһλ򣬻һλոո˹ȥ
֮⣬˻֮ѪĴؼʱǱȫڶʱڷӳ𼶵ս
Ҳ˵ϵ
֮⣬ʥһ֧ģˣΪͶʥ۷弶Ļ֮ţ
ôµһִ֧ǿļȥ򣬶˵һܴο侫ȫûˣ
ңڣвɽ̫ͨ񹬵ȵжӵǿ컯ʥӶǵĴλʮΪʥ죬ʮǣ֮£Ȼ©һֻжӵܹϢĸϵԵĴ
컯ʥӸеܴܣѵЩͻȻðһ֪Ķ
ɲǴײˣսʺ̫ĵ޺ۣĶ컯ʥһֻ־Сħɣͻ֮󣬶δж𼶵ս
Էжˣõʲôȡս컯ʥ⣬Ȼ⼸µĻشȴ컯ʥӱŭ
֪жˣҲЩɱĿˣ󡭡ѾˣһЩΧҴӴϢʱճһֺɫĴУͺһڶˣڵˡǡӦáܡġĸˡ
ʲôֻĸˣ
컯ʥץסǸµ죬ĸ֣ôɱǲѣϵĲӽȫû̫ˡ
֤Է󷨺ﵽĳ̶ȡ
ֻߣĸ˵ʵﵽˡ𣡣
뵽һֿܣ컯ʥɫأĶһŪĸֲ֪ϸĵˣµġ
ĸ˵ݣ컯ʥ뵽˻壬Ƿпܻڱƻ
壬ʼ컯ʥɵĶ֣˵컯ʥӣ컯ʥʶԻϼһʮּɵΪ彫ʥҪԵģµĵˡ
ӦãҪ֣ͶˣǧǰʥսҪĻòʱû֣һЩĴۣͽǶռ򣬻һ֧Сʲô壿
컯ʥӷԼĲ²⣬Ȼ֪ЩڸʲôŻȻôãһȻǱ꣬ǣһıֻʰֻСèСԣȷʵֻСèСˡ
ʥӵ£ϵļѾʾһô죿ǷЭһ֧ݵ
컯ʥ΢ԥһ£ԭشܹϢϵĵˣҲ̫ץӽѰǱϵȽ鷳Իһض֣ߣ
컯ʥ˫ĿŹ⣬ۿҪСħɱϾ·ȻϷǱϵСħɵԼַˣôպ޴ҵɲһ׵顣
Ȼ컯ʥû뵽ǣجβŸոտʼ


2014 Х
ǿпٵĴѾӱɱʮ꾡ģйʥӷֲϡ
Щϣûб꾡ļ¼Уܶ϶ȫħɵĵõһС
˵ڵⳡʥĴսѾǳ˽ˡ
һˣҪȥһлϵһҪʥ
Ҫʥĺ󷽲ӣѪȷ磬һ췭ظʥʥòע
֪Ŀǰ컯ʥΪֻ򣬸Ѳ
ƮսһͬѲ
ʵɣδֺĶ֣Ͼٶǵȼţûߣη˫ޣҲǿôһ㣬Ҳһж
²⣬Ʈδػᾡľĸ컯ʥǾΪĳԭʥĴսҲʱ׿ΣԽݶԼһݲĵ˳֡
Ǹ߰ģһͻȻðĵˣǵĹע
ô׿ܶԼֵˣֻŵµ컯ʥˡ
˽컯ʥӣ컯ʥ˶Ķ֣컯ʥӵ㡣
컯ʥӵţ컯ʥܹʩչԼļƻڶʱڣʵһԾ
ϵ٣
ԶǾ޴Ļɫ״ϵһ˿ɱһ̣˺գӰôƾʧˡ
ǿпٵĴŲƣԺϸʥķֲλãֱ
֮ĿĵأԶԶȥһžۼһǳ֪һƬǳǱʥռ˵סأסʮϵ塣
ʥĻ˵ֻǸȻĴġūӪ
ڽ֮˵²ūȴûм״̬
ʥפЩǳÿһǳϿգʮʥʥЩʥ˴֮䣬γǳȫΧˡ
ͲǳϵսܹƵġ
׼ȷ˵ǸͲսֻƽ
ϵΪϵϵԭ칬ѾսбʥʣµģһЩ侳ûдﵽķսԱˡ

ʵϵѾʥռһٶꡣ
һٶʱ䣬ֶԣֻһδһαչصʱ䣬Ȼͨ˵ȴһӡ
ϵʣµԭ츳Ͳߣʥͳ֮£ûа취ϰ䣬ʹǵʵ½ٶȼ졣
ʮǰϵһȺʥػߡ
Щˣʥı棬˵ˣʥòôһȺˣܶǵƦܣΪʥ棬ǾԸ桰ػġ
ʥ÷ˮˣ˭ԸƬǿȫǲë֮صƧأ
ʥػνػģʵ٣ڻϵɱӣѾԴҩŨؾΪС
ʥľӣĬһУǹĿѾԶ׼һչʥĽԴܶӵеܴͨ̾ϢǽּԹʥʥ۷Ұġ
ڶǽ崫жϾնݳ˽巴˵ĺ󻼣

ǻϵһͨˣѾ꣬ǿͻ죬һ׼ƽ
ʱʥսѾˡ
ʱ򣬻ϵˣӴˣ͸ϵеʮͬһΪū
СʱҲʷϿǧǰͬΪݶҡ
ǧ꣬Ҷʵ̫ңԶˣû뵽ūôֵԼϡ
һجΣ
ԭҲԼ룬ҲΪһսʿҪΪЩģҫ۵ţֻҪΪ칬һͨģĬĬŵսʿˡ
Ϊ칬ͨսʿı׼Ҫǧ֮ǰ̤ڡ
Ȼ˵̫ˡ
ûʲô츳ҲûʲôԵգҲֻˡ
ֻýʵں۷ʱȢһƯ츳ҲͨȴŵӣһжŮɰĺӡ
ȻӣҪһ˿ϣجΣһȺ̰޶ȣ˲¹ͷħ
ɱˣ٣ǿ飬ӶŮ¯ūͯѪ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱҲʥһսϼǧܻ꣬ǧô
ĺӣӣܻǧô
ǰǡӲС
һֻϣԲ֪ıڣãȻվڱԭϣȴ١
ۡ
һСŮˡ
һ飬̧ȥȴԼʮĶӣŮ
֪Ůˡ
ҸոڣԪҵ棬ȻȫٹȣҲǿһֻԼٵʳֻˮԪ
ĶӡŮȴС
ҪԷ
ȥߵ磬ΪʵǿȻΰΪʳȱ飬ֱ
ֻд˵Żˡ
ڣϵȴһĻʮڵƽУо޷ﵽٹȵľ磬ҪĴʳ
ս֮󣬴ҰƽΪûսʿıûа취ҰޣòӿڣĻߡ
ʣʳԴƿʥУʮʯ򲻵һӣ˰򱶵ۣȥֻȥڿ󣬶Ұ⣬ڿڶ껹ܻŵģûС
ΪʱļԭЩӤʵСŮѾࡣ
ҵܻ۴ʱڸСŮι̣ӵޣ絶ʡ
ˮûˣǸɱ鷿˱ʵֻǸСһİο
ҧҧͳһںʳ룬һ˵ӵУιŮ
ʣµһ飬ҽԼĶӡ
ŸеʳСкһԵıãʮȻвɫ۾ȴʼ̺һݾǿ
ôãʵ
Ҳ
Скǿ˵ţ۾ʮкûеļǿ
ҵһӾӿ˳
Ѻںڵʳֱ˶ӻվ˵ȥҵԵġ
˵꣬ȥ
ңȥĶ
ɷƺҪߣܻһӻˣҪȥԣ㲻Ҫˣ
ڳ⣬ңԶɭ֮Узḻȴȿ󶴻ҪΣհٱ
һߣɭ֮Уһֻ󶼿ܰˣ
ܻ۶ҪˣڼĶɷˣɷˣӵ³᲻
ȻƺȥѾҲµģãһµʳﶼóˡ
˶٣˵ҪҲȥǳŲʮ졭
ڶ仰Ԫ˵ģܻ۵֣һӾͽסˡ
֪Щϵ˿ڣѾΪԭ֮
Ǻܽܽ顭
ܻ۲֪˵ʲôʱѾ˦֣Ų⣬ͻȻɫˡ
Ѫ¸ĺҹƺصĹԶ
ţµĴĲš
ֲʮ΢Ҳоŵϵˮݣ޷ҹˮȴһϸ΢
ԽԽǿҵɫͻȻҰ
ѵ
ҷ·ΪȷʲôȻ̧ͷգһ£ȾѪ
Ѫ׿աˡ
Ҳ˵վվˡ
ôˣҵı飬ܻۻˡ
޳
ҲЦǧڵޣ幥ǵ龰棬ȱľޡ
ȥڣ޳Ѿ֪ûзˡ
ڣûֵ壬ϵ׻޵Ѫ׿֮ҹ޳
ڵĳУѾǵһ⵽޳ϮĳˣȻҲһ
Ҫô
ұԼĺӣ֪һҹҲҪ
ڵĳȻлӣЩֻµɣЩߣΪɾʱ䳬ǧ꣬δܽ칬սֵܵ˺ˮһ޳
ʱڳ룬齢ڿնԼٶʥ칬ȥ
ϳˣЩʥػߵ齢
ԭְҵǿˣֻӶƣΣٵʱȻûб
Ⱥ飡
˫ĿѪ죬û˳޹һ塣
ʱڳУƵĺŽ죡
ĳʼᡣ
УǾһȺں֮ڣǴڣڣڣǻͬбȽġ
ų̲һʱڳǽվţԶǺ޳
ڳеңʱֻܿǵıӰҹУǵвѾͣ׷Բԡ
Щսʿǵѡ칬սʿ̭һȺˣĬĬػ
һ̣ҵۿֺˣУЩ˾һ޷ŵĸǽ
սʿ
ʥˣûʸսΪʯͷǰ㲻ϣֻǳ
ڣԻһ޳սʱȴˡ
⡭Ҳеһս
һ̣ԼЩսʿȴƽ·һ̣ӭӵĲǼ޳ֻž۵İݰųٵϦ
죬ս
ڳͷϣϵĳָӹ٣ֳһսԣֻһ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ǵģΪһսʿǱ̭սʿҲԼʹҫǾս
ٽһ̣սʿĹޣӦڵ˵ѹ£ǶǺҵսɳ
󣬻ϵƽǣѾʼǽȥ˱źӣ˹ء
ƬģǻˮϣĵطǻҪˣôѪƬء
𣡡
ǵصħޣѾ嵽˳ǽ֮£ʮɸߵĳǽʵǿޣԣżһ򵥣֮⣬лдķޣǵٶȣԶǿ߷еٶȿ
һɱ¾ʼѾӿһѪԼªϳͷ
ʱͻȻһѡ
۶ʲô
ΪҪסȴһָֻ֣ա
ҡ㣬㿴ʲô
ңԶĺɫҹգѪ£Ѫ֮Уһ޴ĺɫӰſ˫ҹħ
һ

ȫסˡ
𡪡
޴ͷ­ƿգ
ϵĺصҰſµѹֱǺ
еƽһӶˣܶͷ죬лߵѹÿ˶ĸܵԭ޳Ϊֹ̼ͣˡ
ҰڹԵ·ڵأЩײ˳ǽ
ǲڻ˵壬һӣѹ֮£ɪɪ
Х£̣
ǽϵǶ֪룬ʲô
ʱǳԾķ֣޳ʼȴˡ
Щԭ˫ĿѪޣʱĿжľηӣһһС˻֮Уʧںڰ
һжˣֻΧͬŰһƬǽԭҰǸղŷʲô


2015 ˵΢Ц
ʲô飿
쵰
ս
ʥ߸칬УѾҳһš
·һб޳ǶֻС£ǿµĺЯſֲѹǵıݣȴܵУ
칬ڲЩʥ塰ػߡ齢ոտʥ칬δȥʱǾͱֲķ籩ˡ
ģôģ
һ׳˶Ķʥػ켫ΪŭոΪ齢𶯺ͷѹƷʵʯһأŭĴ˳Ϊ²ײʯ
Ȼȴʱˣɴ۾Ŀһ齢ĴͷʮԶĵطһֻ޴ĺɫͷĴŨ̽
⡭⡭
ػȫˣʱԼĿǵԱߣƺվһӡ
󣬻ŲӣƺǰǸΪס
ಣ
ӴͷһԾϷʥ칬ֱȥ
˵ٶȿ쵽˼£Ƿʸһһʥ칬Ӵʥ칬ԣǵɳһСȻʧ칬еʱֻ̼䣬ʥշ˴ը
ը³ǻ棬ϯһеĺɫ
µĻ۳ʲô˲ҷ
ۿʥ߳ҪɱˣǱǹɺɫ˽ȥ˲ʧˡ
ͷţûѪû֫壬ǵˮеѩһˡ
һĻʥػҳһ࣬ҪܣȻǿкܶͬܵʥ齢
ʥ֮Уȼɭϣ齢ɫСܴŵĵȼЩػĿ齢ˣǻʲô
ȻҲҪӵʱȴЩ칬Χ֮齢׷ײһϡ
¡
ķ𣬶˵һĻˣײ齢ֱķѣը
˷գصϯһжˣ
Щ齢ĳߣʥ˲䱻ɱ
һĻʥػɵˣǶԣǸ߸ϵƽʱǼڣȴƬɱͬһȺȺһ㣡
ʱǶףѾˣ
ûӳȥ
ʱʥ칬֮УͻȻһͷ޴ѪɫӰ
Ѫɫ򼣬ǧﳤչִצӣѪĳ֣µѹͬˮһкʥ߶Ǽ
ѪԪͼڣѪı־
ʥߺʿǣѪʥһϡѪػѪѪӵߡ
Ȼδüʱһͷ峤һǧĺڰһֱǾ޴ӰǷӥߣֱӽѪ򼰴סˣ
ʱվںϣǸһֱûĺҲˣӰһʧһ̣ҫ۵ǹâᴩ£ѪӰ˲䱬飬ŨѪǿգ
Ѫѹ˲徻ˡ
ѪˣѪɱһʮϢʱ䣬ȫѹ
ʥߣѾսľһ𣬾ɱԷʲôˣħ
ʥ칬ķУѪʬ塣
ʥһսûκֺ͸֮ʣÿŹһʥߣζſܻͬɱ
μսҪȡôֻҪսӶսƷôҪñӶɱľ
һսѪɱһ̿ʼսĽѾûκ
ʵ̫ˡ
ûô֣⿿Ѿ㹻
ֻǴɨսˡ
ڷսʱɨһ۽µǳһӸ߿ֱ

ĳУ˿ҹµѤͬһȻЩ֪Ǽ⣬ǿֲıը
ʥ칬ˣ
񺣾ߣѾԼ߿֮еսʥ칬ըˣ
һʯǧˣеෲЩˣʥ칬ѾڻϵƯϰ꣬ϰ칬ĴڣǱʶΪһֱƯԼھȻըˣ
޳Х£޳ߣʥ칬ը̶һʱ䷢һ̫е߸ԣûüȥ⵽ζʲô
ʥˣͻȻ˸ߺ
ǵսʿˣ
˸ߺһ仰ˡ
壬ˣ
ⳡʵ⼫սѵѾת
䣡
·ǻشϵǵʣտҹ֮УٴαһŸѤõʥ칬ը٣ģƺи߿ء
һʱ䣬ϵˡ
ǵսʿˣ
Ƿźѹ˰ı룬һ̣ȫı
ϲ˷գأزʶ˱һŬȴѹֲסڷڵѪǵģһһ
ĥѣ޷ܴ˿̵ʤǶôıΪɣΪٵСų壬ʱԥɱսѪ
ڽͷŽȺһ˷ܵĻӶֱۣıܣһĸȦͨ죬ˮֹסźӶڵʧʹޡ
һ̣ͻȻףѾܲɷ֡ԶȺ壬һߵ죬ܹΪԼսеһԵԺ
ڷȺУƽΪ࣬ĬĬĴڷȺУһ˼һ
һ֮ңսܹ֤ͥѾ˲ˡ
ԭӣӱһӯֱһԼҵǰ
ڽϣƺʱ֮ӵľͷһ㣬һסˡ
ǡ
Ҳȷһ䣬²⣬Ȼȴ޷϶
˼ңڻϵ֪ж٣ǻҵҲеǣø֪ϵʱȴעһңֻΪǸʮĶӡ
ķ֣ӵмߵ츳żǿƷԣֱΪ
һӣ˷̫ϧˡ
ҵӣҵ֣ͻȻֵĺ꣬΢΢ĲȻΪ죬ȴֱĸеĿ¡
Ǻáҷ΢΢һЦ㸩ҵСӣʲô֣
ʮСк˸һֱۣĿ⣬شĪ
ĪõģԸߣȥ磿
΢Ц
ЦݣҺĪУǴ˿̶ζʲô
ֱĪѾΪ״ӵʱǲ֪ӵЦݵ꣬Ĵڡ
֮Цݰɡ


2016 ֮
ϵһƬʯشһ޴ķ񾲾Ưţʵһ齢ɽ鱦
ϵɽΪɽԭפء
ǰһ棬ƮֵʱɽʵѾĿǰսָġ
Ȼ˵ָģϢĴȴܳ⣬ÿһʥ˵򣬶ܸϵϢͨСħڵǱϵѾʧˡ
ʥƿ˾Ƶ£Ϣͨѡ
ɽΪڣУǳǿƵһ֧ˡ
ϵԳֵʥҲǿģû컯ʥ֮⣬ƼƮɽӣаաаʥ֮⣬ĸʸĶɵʥսʱ»ᡣ
֮ŵҲϵ
ôǿ߶Գ֣Ҳеѹ󣬲һʱи֮ŵĴڣõȱнġ
ܹ֮ǧʥǧ棬ٸ
Զԣǿȷʵʲôǵǧۼ仹˻֮ѪĽǲսһκϻ
ǻڶʱڣʥһӶٸĳս
¶飬ȼҲֻһ֡ӣ
еңÿһαԻ֮ŵѪĶǵ֮䣬֮Ų
л֮һ޴вɽҲʥ֣̫Ҳϵڣе޺ۺսɽ˴˽ӦһɽǿʥԳ֡
ǲսĻʼմھԵı֮УһСıΧͻ̽䣡
ʱڴ´֮Уȡڷ𡢾¡гգɽĸɮ޺ڷǰӵս֣ǰЩͻȻֵһĵϢ
ʥ֮ڣأȥ߸𣬻ʧ˴ܼ˵Ļ֮Ųӣ治֪ǺΪ
гշս򣬿Ⱥʹڷ𣬵λֵ
ڷû˵ŷ飬ȴгռ˵ȥ
ԭӻΪʥ󷽵ĲҰܣʥŵĻǴǳϢӦģǵĳʥ칬Ƭ
г˵䣬һƬƵ˴ڷ͵ȵǰ˸Կһȴ˵⵽ʲôĹµġ
ƬɢϢжϣݻ칬ģƺһʮָӵƺʥϢմȾаԣ̺ķҲһʱԱ塣
ʦʲôô
ٷԵľ¿ʵ
ڷŷ飬ƵһţжɽĲ飬Ȼ޶ۣ֪ʶḻƬ̺Ϣķֱ治ƺ̺һ֮ԣжϳģҲֻôˡ
ڷж֮󣬴е˶΢΢һڳУȻǿۼʶ㲩ǵڷޱƳټɽǷĵ̣˺ϾȻһִڷȫͷ
컯ʥʹµĲƬҲԱϣΪ컯ʥǿҲԪΪϵһ֡
ˡ
гնˣ˺档
ҲִڷŲƬʲôΪõ֮Ͷħ֮ںϣ˵ǿǰ·˺ͲδӵԵ
֮⣬õķ޷ʥ䷨ںϣبǰģɽ۷塣
۷ķüʶ㲩ĴڷҲ̾ˡ
˵Ϣǵ˽ٵÿֻǸһЩĿ˵ģƺ˻ϵʱ򣬳һͷ峤ǧʵˣЩѪĺڰβмĹǴ͹𣬳⵶˵һҾöħ֮ʡ
г˵ţóһս̣䷢һС͵ͶӰͶӰ˺ӰɽһЩĿߵƳġ
˿øħһĴǾЩ˵ѵ֣
̫ûıҲΪ档
Ȼʱ򣬾ȴ˼Ĭ˺һͻһ仰ȴڳ˶סˡ
˵ǣǼǲüǵãǧǰϣ컯ʥӶսóĶע֮Уƺһ

гһ֮£վòΪͻȻֵĺǿİɣ
ϵ̫ˣҪ˵ڵͷħ֮ǧǰóöģ룬ʵЩǣǿˡ
ֻͻȻ뵽ѣ㶥Ҳ޷µʱڣʥأɱ߸ʥʥôǿܶܰɡҲʥ廹ΪʲôǡԼԼ£֪ǿеκһΪô¾ˣ˵
˵ţβгգеˣΪͻȻļסˡ
г룬üŵĻΪʲôô겻أסʥӦõģûסǰɡȷڻϵǸǲôӵʱ㣬ǧʱ䣬ҲԲ󳤵һǧġ
ңƮȷҲû֮ͨܣʥʱƭƮɣ
г˵һ仰ʱ򣬾³Ĭ
ȷʵǿҲüƭƮҲվֻԼһԸ뷨ɡ

һͻȻʥ󷽵ĶӣʥҲӲ
ɹؼǣô
Էƺֻĸ˺һͷĺӰȥ٣û֪һ̻
컯ʥ벻ͨģǶԷε֪ʥӵ׼ȷλã
θӣӴڻͬʱҲΪʥľṩڻ
йʥλõЩ鱨ʥжܣЩʱЩϢصûУΪÿӶڲϵоǵλָֻӹ໥ʱҪ˴жϵʱŻ͸¶Ҳװ˲ָͬӹٵ£Щ鱨ôᱻǸ˵֪
ˣ׻˭
컯ʥӺȥɱˣ᲻üŪֵСħɡ
վ컯ʥҧҧ˵ĳ֣ӽѰСħɵȡ
Ȼʱԭɽŵӡաаˣȴĵ뿪ϵ齢ʥĴ󷽷ȥ
Ǵŵģʥ֮ŵǧٽʥ
ʣµ֮ţĸϵɱ
ӵˣֶΣҳɱʥ󷽵Ǹˡ


2017 
ʥһսԼҲòϣʵʥͬʯͷ
ǧʱ䣬ȷ˺ܶ׼Щ׼󷨺ͲϵģΪľΣʥλ
Ӳʵߣȴ̫࣬ʵǧʱ䣬Զʱǧ֮·ԣʵ̫ˡ
ȻȻʵˣʥʵȴҲߡ
Ĵս˼꣬ʥмɽѹϣѹ崭
һɽʥ
ڶɽܶ̾Ϣǽ۷ʱ򣬴Ų·̫Ļģ
ǵȼԼͬǿһѪδɱĿ¶ħԻģʵ᲻濹
ɽǾǻĵ֮ţ
˵ǰɽֻвеԽɿսʤĵĻ
ô֮ţɱĹ֣
⼸ڻ֮еֲ֪ж٣
֮ţͨս󣬹ؼʱ̻ܱһŵȫԽսټʥʥඥָӣجΡ
ɽ̫֧ǿֻ֣ܸ֮ŴλҸ潻һΡ
һ֮ŵĲҲܲףһԸΪ֮һԱģֻʥ֣ܶʥǿ޷ı죬պ컯ʥʿƣд˹˼ɡ
ڶҪ֮Ѫ⾫ҪĻĵı岻ԽǸ߼Ѫ⾫ɵģԻıľԽ컯ʥʲƵĳ֮Ѫ⡣
ô֮ҲʮĹģ
еĴȫ񣬶ƼѪϵȴһԡ
ⳡԵָߣӡ
ѪϵԭפѾӽӹˡ
ʱһ֮Уӵ£ٿһ򵥵ľ»顣
ôȷǸ˻Ѫϵ
ڻϣһɫؼ׵ĺ췢˵ӣøһϣҲȺܶ˸߰ͷվ߿Ҫﵽһ壬ֱǾˡ
ͷ췢￪Ƿŭʨӣ˫ֱߣ԰ڷһѺɫľ޽Ǿ޽ǽ߳һ˫ֶƿأȴһһѾ޽˫á
ӣµӰգ
ʱӵļϣһŮ
Ů֣Ӳȴӵļϣһֱˣ˼Ӱ롣
ȫ෴ŮС磬ϸ˫ȱֱӯӯһգزΰҲʮֹͣݽߵʥŮҪϼ֣ʱɫźСɾµսףһ;ǻеضԡ
Ůǰյáа¡
ͬʥῡܣȻ츳Ӳһ㣬Ǿͨϻ֮һһҲԵֵ
Ȼ϶Ǳ˵ĵ㶯Լǰһ̣̼䣬˵ǰǿյͼͶӰ
һϵǹϵϵ븽ϵеϵֻгϵͽϵϵһϾжǵλöѰ仯꣬Ǹ˵Ļһѡϵϵܱ֤һУڳָϵս󣬷ֵѾ˵
ϵͽϵУϵı࣬ʵǿҶǸ˼Ϣ˽⣬ǸԼʵмŵˣĿƺڶʱĻңôȻ˶࣬ͻȥ
ϵѪϵϽڸղţѾѪϵ˸ϵϵ֪ѪϵȷλãŹ˼죬Ǹ˾ͻڳϵϵ֮ͨԼⷽõλõϢ֮ȻŹѪϵ⣬ϾǸϵУפʥϵˣţڶѡ񡣡
ֻһ֪õ鱨ķʲôҪԻ꺣ޱǿѻ꣬һǳǳѵ顭
ƽ˵ԼļƻƻȴڳһЩľ
˼׼ϵľˣ
΢΢üսеʱҪҪĮȻȻ˵ղŵⷬðոоЩ
ӣҲ̫Ѫˣˣȷʵսϸָӹ١ս֮սӣпֶεɱ¾
ûа취֮ǰҲڳϵȻʱֻϵΪȡʱˣȻпһЩӦ֪ʱǸ˵ĻǵĲֻࡣ
ðɡҡҡͷԶԡ
аһЦ˵Ĳأֻǣȷ֮һɱ
ûоԵ飬ֻ˵ոһЩҹǸ˴нӽʵôκβƼĸټǣܻȴҲס
ȷ񼶣аµʵ
Լ͡ӵҡͷʮ죬̫ˣʥ죬Ҳ˳һһѾ˲ˣٳһ񣬻ǳ׵ƾðģܡǵһԭ򡣡
ڶԭһս˼꣬Էȴڲų֤ǿߵҪ֤ݡ컯ʥʵָʥ忪ʱζõвҳֱ֣ʥʱûԣչɻűβųʦǰλͬҲֻʦǰǣ֮˲Ÿҳ֡
ζţһܱǿӣˣĿǣһţδسԣ±ɱֻսĹؼʱһЩңǣǣǲмɱͨСҵġ
Ҳ˵Ƕû֮ţڲ֮أ󣬺󷨣ؼʱϻ֮ռսɱ˵ĸѾ˰˳ɡ
һ˵ô࣬оݣڳ˲òŷ
ʣǾʡ
ͻȻ䣬űƿˣһ˽һаԵ΢ЦһͷƤϸ𪣬Ů˶ʡ
ʦŮкܣҪ˵ӴǸʦƿػ֮ͬʱӵⳡĴսָȨĻˣ
Ŀޣȴ΢΢üʱܹȨ޽Ѫϵ߾»ңֶ컯ʥеģҲֻʥһˡϪˡ


2018 ع
ԵϪףûʲôӡ컯ʥ󶥼컯ʥӺ͵Ϫ׶мҰġˣΣա
컯ʥȻԵײУѪֱֱȥıơ
ȻӿȫΪ컯ʥˮƽһŵµġ
ǵϪף˲֮⣬ΪգһߣʼЩɵ
һεϪͻȻ֣ȻΪһݹͣ۸սڽõ컯ʥʵӡ
ĿϪһۣżɽ˵ӽչļֵҲΪʵܹǸκв
ʦǵֱ롣Ϫ״ЦҵʵȻԶԶȲʦ㣬ˣ󣬲ء
Ϫ˵䣬ֽóһĺ飬ӵǰһĹ飬һѪɫ۾ͼһö۾ֱǻģֻܴκһǶȿö۾о۾ڶԼ
۾ΧһЩصĻƣһЩһӡЩӡƺ֣ӴδЩ֡
ִʮϵ֣ž̫塢ʹõˣȻǰϵ֣ȴЩֵеκһ֡
һصģаԵĹ飬ӿĪľĸо·̺ŶĲ֮һ㡣
̫ŽżеõĹ飿ʵ
Ϫ̹ȻϣعϣԲʱ̺˲ĿĹ飬Ҳֻǳ̫Žżܲ³Ϫ׺⡣
顭аúܡü˵оⱾƺһħ뷭̽һ¹еݣֲ֪һƻ˵ĸоðв
ϪʦóⱾҺʦܲһ۸ô
ڰռϵа¿Ц˵Ϫ°ͣҡͷⱾ飬ҷ
һڳ˶΢΢һĿͶⱾ֮ϣ⾹һ飬浽ʲô
ˡ
ԼˣϪó飬ҽԪע֮еʱѾΧı仯ܵⱾ
ȻԸϪ׷ֹͣһеǰᶼǽܻɱ˵ĻϣϪڣɹٴһɣȻܾ
ѪϵѾʼ˽ܹĵĲ
֮ţͬ󷨣ʮ֮ڲ׵ʥΪ˶һףܼһ˸鱦죡
Ϊ˲һ󣬷ֹӣʹ˴ӶѪɷȵʯ
ǰ죬˵ĵϮԼѪϵڵĳϵ˵ֶθɾ䣬ϵеʥ徫񣬽ȫû
Ҳ֤ӵĲ룬ô⣬ٹʮʱ䣬˵һĿ꣬Ѫϵˡ
ѾãֻͶ
ʦ㣡
մЦǲĴ󣬿˵޵벻ǸκѵĿܡ
ڴǣƺͻ֮ŵϣ˴սһ
˵䣬ؽײһ𣬷Ľײ뵽ܹĸһսȫѪҺˡ
ϣаҲǿЦţƺҲȲˡ
ս˲Ϣ䣬ûֻǾгĿܰˡ
˵ţȴֲ֪ںηⴿǵУд˼ˣյĸ֪
ȻùԼĲãûκ⣬ʵҲóôأ
ѵǱйأ
ҡҡͷȥˣѴ۲ŲúõһУΪһսֻΪԼһЩ翵ĴͲսĻǾ̫ˡ
ֻܵȴ
Ȼһȣһ£ǸˣûгѪϵ
ʱ㣬ԷʮͻϮû
ѪϵˣȵЩëˡ
ÿѴ󽣣칬㳡Ѳߣʱʱǿ춼Щˣô˼һ֧Ųµվ˸գǾЦˡ
ɲ뱻컯ʥȡЦ
ʦáվȥӵıչصأȻӵĻشֻһ֡ȣ
ԴˣϪָֻӴ︧еǱ飬ûȡЦӵʧ㣬Ϊָ֪ܶӹ٣ܽÿһ¶׼ӵλϣҲˡ
Ȼģϵ뿪֮µɱȴѾ˵ȵĻɡ
ɽɮˣƽʱǳիʵڲôọ́ԭɽ鱨Щ⣬ҲȺʹڷķɺܶѡ
ܶɮȻǰǿճǼƣȴҲʵʥµȦףͶ
ʱû˸ðһжϴ󣬱ȫû
ֱһ죬һˣǹƥʥ֮У
νո˵ֻһˣȥɣ㷢ʥļıҲһİߣ֮ܳʤ׷
֣֮ţͬӡаµʥ彫죬Ѿʥʧˣ
ʥشսһ˸췭ظѾ׼ӦɽҲһʱɱʱʥвȴͨǰ׼õĴ󷨣ֱˣȻһʤ̣Ǹûɱˡ
ĳõȻһ
ʥӣôͻȻˣ
ɽǰϵõϹҲˣսذϫֵ˵ʥѹ˼ʮ괭ò׷һηˣȴһȭڿմΪˬ
ڷüһ˵ӷû´ĻӡаµˣѾʥѿǣתսˣܱӵĿ꣬ҲֻǺͻȻֵǸݲʩˡ
ڷһ仰һݣͻȻֵѣǼȺ棬ָмڶǣƣдϢ֮
ǻ֮ͷɱȥĻƵһ˻߼ˣôܶԿʥ壿
ǿǻ֮Ű
˵һˣɽеӣ֮ŵİΧҲȫû
ǵ֪ͨذϫ˵Ȼճھ֪Լ˵һɵԷݶָ֪ôϵ
һʱ䣬ǿ߶֪Ǻã֮ǰʤһϲõȻ޴档
ڣƺֻĿţ֮Ŷϡ
Ӳǵ֮֮ŵ޵ָ֮ӣӳսǳɲ¡޺۽˵
գաڷһţ汣ӣǸǻǻ㲻һжǶ


2019 Χɱ
ϵսܵ鱨ظӵʱûȥľĿֻƽķս򣬶Դ˵֪ˣ°ɡ
ǡ
ߣյһ˫ţۣѾˣⶼһˣҲ̫ˡ
ô죬ʦ㵹ǸΪ˵һϵǳ˰̣ǹԹƨ˼ҴҪ˵ȥЦˣ컯ʥǸһҪˣѵôȥ
ǸƢϲֱֱȥײװ׶ϵΪʵ㶪Լóȥģúܱ
ĪҪɱϵһһ䷴ʣһðҭˡ
ǾͼȰɡ
ȻĻشһɫҪĲǾ׼ļ㹻ģ
εˡ
ʵϲǰգ֮ŵʥǣҲѾëˣǻ֮պգʱܹ
ֻеϪףѪϵϵһƺûôϣȻϾе飬żῴŹϵһö۾Ƿһ˿Цݡ
ȴʱԵø丶ۣעһʱ򣬲ȷĽĻš
ʱһֱһʮ죬һգסİŽ칬Ѳˡ
ڻ֮ŵĳԱεΧϢϢ´Ҳܱһң󷨸λվ¶и
̫ûӰУΪһְ׵˵ʱͻȻ䣬Ѫϵ칬ȺΧ˿µıը
¡
ԪΪʴſµĴ͸ԣ칬Ԫֱ֮ӷ飡
ڰĻϯֲĻ𣬽ٽʥ齢ֱ顣
ͬʱһף쳹ʣ
Ϯ
칬˾ǿµıը̶ľղϲʵϣѾ˵ֱүүģʮ죬ˣӵȵĶҪըëˣ
աһľ޽ֱӾͳ˳ȥ
ʥ칬ָӴ֮УҲȻվȻЩһֱֵüΪ򶨣ҲޱǸܹ֡
һŬѪһֻʥŵᱻڸٵȻҲҪõ˵Ŀ϶
ûлңǽ֪ȥϸķֱһ

ʵѾø֪ˣͨѾͷ峤ǧĶħ̤ĺꡣ
һɲǣӸңԶǿգħ޴ͷ­վŵĿӣǱ˴˵Ŀ⣬ȫռľ롣
һ̣ƺֻǸһӣվһ
оԼܿԷԼģĵӰ
һ˫۾·޵׵Ԩͨһλ棬̺һ޾ʱա
˲о˵˭ðģ
ûпԷΪȷԷԲ
Ȼ˫ۣжӶӵؾϵˣ
ӵƤӸ˵ĸоɲ⣬Ȼ񣬵ԼѹȴһҲС
ôҵĳ棬ôĵˣԷȻܹһصĽ֮УŲͷܣһۿԼҪôĶ
ʶһսڲ֮صĻ֮ڣҲɡ
̶ȣϣò
󣡡
߿ķһ㣬ȫ
ͬʱһԾֱӽ칬񷶥忪һ㣬֮С
󣬵ϪҲˣУǱĺ顣
ڰգ˫ۼѾ߸ߵķֱϵѪһŤţƺҪը
Ȼеϣȥ˴һ֪ԼһĶ֡
ˢˢˢ
׵ģʥ칬ȺĲͬطһ˸죡
Щ죬Ǵɫ֮ϣһֻɫѪǻֵ֮ͼ
һ˸죬ֱƿһ˸С
۾֪һ˴ȫǻ֮ŵĳԱΪڸܵ˻֮Ѫ⾫
һ˸ͻ֮ͻȻֵʱһ˫۾Ҫ׽һŵľţΣ壬򶨵ˣۼԼ֮жûκλһֵ̿
οĿǻ֮ŵľ񣬽ǱȵȻǿֻҪ񼶣Ҳѷɣ
Ȼȴʧˡ
Ǹվ֮ϣֱһ˱ǹƾըŰƾһ˸ӭƮչȴ
ӵģȻһ
ʵһǰѾѪϵˣЩ콫ʥĺ󷽽췭ظʵжΪСģڹ֮ǰø֪̽һ糣
һϸŮܷ¶ĵͼϻ֮ʿ󷨣ϸڸ֪ɫֻҪûдﵽ񼶵ĸ֪ʲô̽첻
ǻһѾмƣҲ˳Χɱƻ
ϧ˸֪̽⣬һôҲϵǾԻ֮ѪмΪеķӦ
ֻҪһΧڣڵĻ֮꣬ѾõĶħ֮͸󷨣֮ܵѪĴڡ
Լ¾ӡǵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ǸǲܸŶԶܸܵˡ
ǧٽʥĻ֮žǧٸɫţɢʥ칬ȺĵشҹеǳǰĿ
ԸЩɫŵĴСȣжϳǱ̺ħĶ٣ӶƶϳںЩ֮Ѫǿߵ
Ȼ֮ţʥ廹˽ģǱ̽һЩ죬յ˵Ļ
ʱӶӣӿһɲ֪˵򶨸αװģѵԼĲãͲˡ
ôܣԼû֮Ųµ󣬳񣬷޷֡
ʱѾȥ©ˣԷֻһһԲ벻Լκɡ
һսһҪӮ
󣡷ס
һȣһ˴趯죬һʱħɭɭǺƺԹз裬нģߵꡣ
졢֮鱦ܶ඼ӡߵĻǿҲνĹ죬ᦡһ˸죬ƵĹв֪մȾ˶Ѫ
һ˸췢ڰ˴һ


2020 ش
Щ죬鲼ķиеͣеͷе£Ƿĺɫ˴һž޴ޱȵĺɫ档
ӵĵһǷֹܣ
ԭһ󡭡
⽫ԼΧľ޴ɫһ˲жϳ̺Ŀֲ񼶵ܴ򴩡
һ漰սֺҪսĽͲǵı˭Ķֶ࣬˭Ķָǿ
ǧʮʥܷӳսҲǲתս֡
ǰǰ龰
ողúãһȣɱ󣡡
зƱãӿⲿӿֳʮǸѪɫ̣Щ̱ǲڽ£ͬȾѪļ̨һ㡣
վʮλ֮еѾˣɱɭɭ
ָоͬһѪصᵽܵɱյߣȫѪѹ֣Ժĸо
ǸನˣλɱĵܵǶôµɱ
ɱܹںϣɱĹκãϣá
վںףĬĬİγǹ
ǹѾιˣȥ˰ǹĹ⻪˸ϲܿǹΡ
ǹ
ǹͫһôǹһˡ
ǧǰǸ˺ճѹʮпܣӻƮɽչأδɽ˵֡
ʱʥ죬ѹʿ컯ʥӣǸҲҰܣɨأ
ȻвҲòϣǸʱԼ컯ʥӶһЩԼ츳ʵǱҪѹơ
ǿһʥڣԼʦԳɽ׷ɱˣ
˺ǹĳ֣Ī뵽˲仳ɹǲǾ
ⴿһֱȻ֪Ѿʦ֮֡
˭춼
˵۾һ⣬һ֣һ˴ɱʮ֮⣬ֱһǧʮĸͨ
ܼǧʮ˸ͨҲע뵽ɱ֮С
ǧʮ˸棬ֳǧʥ
ʥټӳֵϡ
һһ㣬ӣЩµֻҪһɱκµĴڡ
龰Ѿڲ֮أ̲סһ
ڴ֮ǰȻ֪˻֮ŵĴڣ֮ǰ֪Ϊ׼ʲô󷨣һ֪ɱĽϡ
вߵֺͲ󷽷ĳǡǡǧٽʥ֮ڣʣµһЩˣǺ󲹣һĳЩʥǱ油ϣ󷨵ﵽ
ɱϵ֮Уƾʵ˵ãأͽֲɱҲûã޴ӣ
һ׼Լж޵͵壡
òϣһĶ֣ܽԼеĻ֮ŷӵ£컻˱˵Ļһڴˡ
֮ȷʵ£
һ֧ܵĲӣΪʥĴսĽеߣҪ𣬰ϵ߶öࡣ
֮ɵ֪᲻컯ʥṩѪ⾫Ԫ
ԺͻȻӹһͷ컯ʥ齨֮ţûĲķֿӶѪ⡢ͻԼҰģ

ʱǿײ򶨣ֵӵˣ޲ð˺
ԱߣϪ˹˵һ仰еÿһ֣һһҧһ㣬ֽ䣬óǱǶһö۾ĺ顣
ڵϪ׵ߣաаҲ׼ʱ֡
ʦûҶȲˣֳѾ޽ϵĶãϡ
ûգҧſĿâĲʼͷ벻׵Լ©
һȷԼû⣬Ҳȷʵ֮еâɭɭɱҾͲţ㻹з̵Ŀܣ֣
һ£һɲǣǧʥһ𱬷ǿע뵽ǧʮĽϣǵͬһкĿͳˮһӿڲһٰʮϡ
һʱ䣬ͬǧٸ̫ǿежҫ۵Ĺâˣ
â֮£ľˮоԼ·ʶĺ֮УƬʶ磬ޱߵĺڰڰǿ֮У˸Ѫɫǳ
еǳߡ
һѪɫԲԲΧ趯ϰ룬һŤ̫
ǻĵͶӰӰ
ԭĿȻ˫ۣһɲǣü˳Ŀâʶ֮籡ֱΧźɫǳ
ۣ
ЩǳģʶͨһɲǣַҸӵϢͬˮһӿ
飡
Ȼһоһ˲ƺǧԼը죬ɲǼɫ԰ף꺣ʧأ
ɻĿ³Ȼ׼Ǵ˿걻ǧƬĸо
ͷ𣬳˺ѵʹ࣬еľһһƷȫ
ͬʱˣսתں쳾ǧ꣬꺣Ѿޱǿټںϻ֮꣬꺣ȣȶʮӣһйȻЩʹ࣬ȴ˳
ʶзĻңʵʵֻһɲǣ
ɱ֮е۵µʱ򣬵˶ΪᱻƬ˲䣬޴ͻȻתԭ͵ӿĵܷ
һɲǣһųıըµһе֮ɨգ
ʲô
һֱŵаЦĵϪ˫ĿʧɫҲ޷ά򶨴ݵıˡһ˻Ǳ鷢˺ںɫâסԼȫ
ڵϪһԣҲ˲԰ףαˣһ޴ƾո֣ӻס塣
ԭѾ׼ȲҪȴը֮ȥİգǰǵصıըȫɵˣƺֱ⵽Ƿʲô
쵲
Ѿʧɫа´УȻӦ˫޽ǰγʮԪܡ
ȻվΪٶһֻһ죬յԪܱ飬ͬһ巭ŵɳȥ͵һѪ


2021 
һУȫʧˣռֻʣһĹ㣬Բ˼ٶȣɢ
Ǿһ̫Ѹͣӵޱȿµ֮ƬĿռ䱻˺ѣϯһɹǿĿռ籩
䣡
Ƶĺڰ˻ͻ͹âޱѤ
ƬƬƷ飬ըĸǰȥγ˾޴Ӷ
ʥ岼Ѫϵ칬Ⱥһҵ齢һ޴̫ձݣȫһеâбһĴɣб飬һķֽ⣬ɢΣֻһƳƮռ䡣
ʥߣıը֮˲ȥ£ܴ
ҫ۵âʮϢʱϨ
һжʱһƬǿնˣԲﷶΧɨһɶʥ칬齢ȫʧһҶû¡
˵ʥѪϵأˡ
ȿȡ
ԼؿڣŲǵ̤նشദۣ˲֪٣ؿڸǱ¶ɭȻѪڣȻڴըбɨУˡ
ȴûӦղŵ׷ʲô顣
а£ҲڸղŵıըбӰռƷˣҿĽСҪҲȰСܶ࣬˱Ȱһ㣬һ˿ĺΣȻֿղŵĹѾڵѪļ
⡭⵽ǡ
а¿ӡ
Ѫȫû˸ղŵĴ̬һķȫڣȹҲ˺ѣٱɢΪǱ
ǰ龰򶨵ӴʱȴѪɫʧ֪
ΪʲôΪʲô
ʧǵʱǰ֮ڣ
֮ŵˣⳡըķߣλģ쫷ķۣܵ
Ҳ֮е飬֮ŵĹɱԹˡ
ʱӿ֮еľѾ˱
Ǽ˻֮Ѫñһ
һٰʮǧʥ۷һɵĻԹ
Ĺ޲Χɢֻ˼ٵһĻղһιҷ
ΪһȻˡ
֮ǰûжǴԭĴһ̽ԷʲôƣſǱڣϣȷʵеƣƣεѣ
ӿ˫Ŀӣֻо׹ѣ
ܷء֮ţ
һ仰˵պа¶亹
ػ֮ţôܣ֮컯ʥʵĵϵӣ컯ʥ֮⣬ûֱӰǵ־ֱָǡ
Ȼܻ֮ţΪ컯ʥʽһ־Ȩӣָӻ֮ţ˵ĽָʿûʲôÿԼ˼룬սϣһһЩʿսܣѱĿܡ
ڣǸ˿ƵĻ֮Ȼ
Ϊʱ򣬻֮ѾתЩըнʣҴߣˣһ˫ĿѪ죬۾ƺֻɱȫʧȥ
ʣ֮Ѿ˳׿ƣʧȥԼ־ʱǣһ߾ߵĿܣǸҲü
һܿƻ֮ţʵޱǿˣ˭
㡭ˣԨħ
Ӻ˵һʣðպаµĺëǵȻ֪ԨħԨħأȴֻΪԨħǿأԼʮǻȻжԣǿ־塣
ˣƾðˣʵǿƻ֮ŵԨħ͵Ļһж͵ͨˡ
˼ǸߵȼԨħѾܻΣҲ
֮ŵ룬ӵĻشǷһ˿ЦݣŮˣصʱжϣһϸָӹӦеǶĶ֣Ȼࡣ
ȻϧϵЩƺжϣʵȫǴġ
ʵΪԶٴҲ뵽걻ʦɱ˲ûʵ֮ʮǰӡĻ֮꣬ȫںϵʶ֮Уȫƿˡ
ҵǹкƺûбɣƮѾȷˡ
²⣬ǻ۳֣ƭƮ
ǧǰԼʥӶ֮ƮҲ֮ʧˣҲûгֹ
ôǣԶκǿ֮ϵĻ;ͨ󡢼ʶȵԼֶƮΪԼˡ
ΪҲԼƮҵƮͻῴԼ֮걻ᣬȫݽߵĽ֣Ӷ컯ʥʵĻɡ
һ̰壬û֪Ҳȫͷ
ԺЩϢʱͻȻЦһһʧ
ۿŻ֮ӵ֮µͻȻˣӡ¡նͫ屩ˣǵһӦҪǳ֡
ȻûгЩ˵ǰӰ룬ǿһȭ

ձ飬һҽһŤռеӰһ˳
˴ѪǴɽȥһҹһ
ˣǵϪס
ϪлǱصĺ飬ȫѪǱղǴαװڴըлҷӣͨŤռܣ㲻ϸֶΣȻû
ʵϣڴը֮һ˲䣬Ѿ֪ȥеҴˡ
ûҴҵѪϵԭפص𣬶ԷƺѾˣ⵹ӹһ١
ˣϾǻվڳеЩˡ
ڣܿƻ֮ŵ飬Բй¶ȥļƻͻʵʩˣ컯ʥӾԲҴŻ֮ӦսԼˡ
ĿһĻˣע뿪ˡ
ʱĵϪͷɢ۾˸Ŷ񶾵Ĺâ֮ӣһȲһʱܹ裿
䣡
һȭϣϪƺһɳȥѪ

Ϫ׷һŭͷɢǵı죬ҪԼʥѪɱ
ߵʥ߿Աͬڻ֮ѪĶħʥѪҪκδۡ
ϪȻҲӵ
㻹
һЦһȭϪؿϣһȭ̺˰Ϫϣȫ֮С
꣡
Ϫ׵ΪģΧĿռȫˣϪѪովۼҪȫɢˡ
һĻʥʥʣ˶ɫ԰ޱȡ
Ϫ׿ʥһҫ۵֮һȻΪԭʥģҲû٣Уȴһôô
̫ˣ


2022 ķ
䣡
һȭڵħ֮ȭͷһϪ׵壬סϪ׵ѪϪ׽ȫʧȥս
ûдɱϪףϪ׻ã͵Ϫױҵˡ
ӡաа¿ͲһǿߵĽ֣ԭĽ֣Ӧǻأǳսĳ沨׳
ڷ͵Ϫ֮ģȴһᣬȫŹϪףͬһоŹһһ
ֻǣÿһγ֣ǴڵϪϵȭͷನգһĻȴˣÿһȭжֲ
ƶӹԨħĲ²⣬ϪʥѪǿȣôܱһֿȭòΣ
Ӹеǣ˵һıͻԼϡ
ô죿
¼ٵ˵ɲԨħϣǰȻܿƻģ˵ҲǸһϵеģĵЩ趯Ĵ֣Ͳ
һ껯ħԼЩֲסǶȻᱻԵùͷʣ
ƴˣΪ飡ҧͬʱӣȻ³çȴҲսûҳ壬ǷհҲΪЩսϵıӮ˰յء
ʱӡյ˶ѾǾ
ԷʵԶǣӵ֮ŵĿȨ
ΣôӮ
Ȼӣиôָ취
ʱѾĻָ侲ĬĬԼֽ䣬ֻһλᡭ
л᣿յ۾
֮Ȼʵϣ֮ŵһԱʵܲҪӻ֮ŵĹ벼ô󣬶ҪϢʮϢʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ƿ͵ϮҪսʱѹʮϢϢڣ
ʵ̫ǿǸɱȴпϢʱڣشʶֻҪڶʱزû֮ĿƣҾͿԻ֮Ž֮ɱҪһУ뽫һټһʵϵİտһɶ
˵ļƻðһ
һɶãսƵ˵
ǺãֻҪȫɣʣµţһ֣
һ£˳֮ƣֱ
۰աа»ӣʱȫԸ
ձһԥѡȼվѪڵѪʥĻߴѪһȼվѪʵɱӡ
ʱȼ˻ͼڣð˽һĻ棬ͬһս
аһ԰䵶䵶֮䣬γ˱»ռ䱻Ϣķֿˣ֮УֱĲӡ
м䣬ӣֳһûκλڵ̶ֱȰպа£ӵһʮʵûκر֮ȻýֺҲ֪ھµһȻͬСɡ
δֻһ񱩵£ֱ˶Ŷħ̵֮Ĵִβͺɨ
ô꣬˴Ļ֮Ѫ⾫һԽǳҲҪһ顣
䣡
ȫȼŴջİβͺ޻ڵĳײһ
շ춯صıȫѪͬȵҽϵѪܸŤ˼£Ϊظ˿
ǼˣҲǱβˣɭļ̣ҪԴ
ʱа·£ȴ˺۾Ȼǿޱȣ۾㣬ֺµı֮£ĹԳٻֻ޴צӽ»顣
ˣʥ֮󣬰պаˣͱ
ʱ嵽ǰģֻһˡ
Ӷ
ʣһʵɱĶԾ
ְֳǹһǹ򵥵һ֮У̺شƣһʱ䣬ƺǿǧǳȫעһǹ֮Уƥ
û˻ɣһһǹײشѪ³
ȻӾûη壬Ȼһն޻ڵһڼӴǹһɲǣͻȻŷڰĹԣֱľ֮ӵĿ꣬ȻĻ꺣
ʱȻ֣ӱ쳣ǿľ֮ǰ֪ʲô취ѹƣ˸޲һ˫޵ߣ
ʮԷΪϵʥó壬ھϵʮֳٶۣҲųţܹ˫ޣ͸η˫ޣһ
ԭ㻹ȵƣҪʶ𣬶ȡ֮ţ
岻ˣʵ̫ˣû㣬ʹ깥϶Ϊһ͵Ϯ֮ȷһ壬Ҳֻȶѡ
ͺñֶģһѾûʲôӵ£ƾôԼֻвҰܵĽ֡
ˣҲûд⣬ɽע꺣Լľûȫסӵľ񹥻Ҳʲôˡ
Ȼӳµһ˲䣬ͻȻɫһ䣬д󾪣
Ŀޱȣ쵽˼µ֮УȻ֣ӳı棬ճһģӰӣǡһë
ëΪУˣǧǰһëҪ
ʣӵëʦ𡪡Ʈ
ʵһʼûָʺ϶ΪһĹκνʹ֣;ͻȻУǿľ񹥻һֻΪע⣬ΪҲǼֹڴˣƶóˡ
ɱУʵճڽϵë
ԭڽı棬ټĿ⣬ͼ޵ĹٶΣһ˸ܷ֣ʵ㷢ˣҲһ£Ūëʲô
һʼıΣıɱһ
ӽһõˮ©ڱصãȴ˲䷴ӦҲ룬ȫ£ǹɨͬʱ˿
꣡
ӵĳֱӱһ˲俪ѣѪֱ
ֻоһɲǼ䣬һɿʹֱڣɫ죬ȫѪӿ
һػȻҪԵĲӣ̺ڰǹϵȴˡ
һ˿ݣȻ֪ѶԸƺû뵽ѶԸ̶ֳȣɵһëҲˡ
ʱëѾɵǰ
ƻʵ̺ɭɭɱɱȴȫ˦
ëֱƮͨûκ𣬾߾֮ڣһõŮӰëû˳ŮǡƮ


2023 Ӱ
ʱǧ꣬˵׷ɱԼˣʱǰƮһǳɫɴ£ɴͶ㣬貨ӡ
ʥ͵صһ
ĸ񣬶Ǹƶˣ²
Ҳ˵֮侳ϵľ޴࣬츳ʮľţôҲҪǵȵˮ׼
ţټΪƣҲʹս˽
Уһɳɻ񷣬һëɻǺӡ
ڣǰģһëһûƮӰë
ƮĻ
ĿһһµĻ
ԭԼλ𾳽磬ټ츳ʵ֮ѾϵȵĴڣƮĻֹʵ磬ӶԣҲû̫á
Ҳ˵ƮҪһͽĻҪķѲΪѪ֮
ëҪ̺ƮıѪΪ
û뵽Ʈͽӡ
ʱƮѾֳһĳһն
ƮĻֻһʶʱ֮ɡ
һһɽѹ£·ҪأֻоΧĿռ䱻˲ܡ
ҲûдܣҪԣƮжǿ
ɲǼ䣬֮Ѫȫ˺ɫƬǹ˷ֱܵ
һֳ̣аӰǹ֮ϣХ֯ɺ嫵ĳ϶ɫ󣬼ޣµĺ֮УҲᱻɻҽ
ȻƮɫȻ׻ĺ̤˶Уµ棬ӹƮ֮ȴûܸ˺ͺʱһ㣬һĻ貨Ʈݳ
ֻ⻭֮У̺ɭȻɱȴ޷Ŀĸо
Ʈһ׻ֿ
ֱ
һĻһŷѾ֮ǰëŽ֮ϵ͵ϮʧܣֻʦĻ潻֣ʦĻ޷ɱۼƮƿʩչ׻ȼϣ
ۼХĽ弱˶˫Ŀ˸޷ķӡͬʱü֮䣬Ŀ
׻֮δܶƮ˺ΪǶԷﵽ֮ڷϵѾߡ
Լһײȱа֮طƮ£Ѿˡ
̽Եһδٱ˫ͫڿĿͬʱٴο֮ͫգ
ĿͫҰ֮£ƮڵһЩ˫黭̫ǰһɳֺڽɫһ
ɺɫħɭɭɫջͻ͡
ɲǣΧռһзԪϯƺ˫֣ķġ
һ־޴лγɣ̫ͼȻȴ䷨ĸ߶ȣȴѾԶ
УƮĽ⣬ײһ
磡
飬Ʈϣһ˿ݣ
һ⻯ֻƮĲȱʶ壬ӵԼǻʶиƵĸ顣
ħƲɵѹһУƮԽ⻤סȫȻվֻǻѣֵȫԸ

ĽĻҲѾ飬ƮĻԪͬ˺ĴһҵĶ
һֳſŴǵӰǹȫһ˲䱬ںľһǹݺݵĹƮĻԪ֮С
꣡
Ԫ̴һǹƮؿڣ
ȾѪͬѩ˺÷ƮһѵѪߣѾ֣ɢˣƮ˫סǹǹһ˫ɫӲŵĿ
ʱߣ˫һʧȥʣǵһӣ罣˫ü۾Ʈһ˿ã֮ɫ꣬ƺϤվİ

Ʈ壬Ĺ㣬Щǧǧөһʧˡ
ڹģһöһëƮ䡣
֣öëС
һëֻа߳ǰ׺׵Ө͸ëϣһѪߣ¶ÿ
ȻƮĻѾ飬ë֮ϣǸоǿ˸߲⣬ƺҪԼѳ
˫һӡȥëӡֱҲˡ
һУ̧ͷЦţӡ


2024 ѹ콾
ʱӣѾɷס
츳ڣСͱƮѡΪ״ӣǧµĻ֮УƽδһѹƵġ
ƾʾ֭ƾҲδܸԷһ˺
Ҫô
ƽ˵ţҧ촽ûøӦԵʱͻȻ˫ͫһɱƺ˲仯͵Ұޣһ嵽ӵǰ
һȭҳ

һȭʵʵӵСϣԪ飬ӵͬϺһ
һ˲䣬۾Ѫ˿ƺ˫ĿҪͻһ㣬о񱩶͵ĳ壬ľ
ľʹȫʣ
һȭ̧֣֮£ֱӵıϡ
꣡
³һѪԼļ׵ѵǿ񱩵ٴγԼȫ౬飬۵Ѫȫɢ
ֺ飬Ů̫ΣգԼվ֮У˸֪ĵƣ˵Ѿˡ
Ķ֣Ȼ֣۶ԷѡͶǵֿᱩһ٣ȫʧȥ
ȻϪһҲãƮͽôչһ㣬ͲὫɱ˼ŭƮչ֮⣬ûκκô
²⣬Ʈʵûвһе֣һжǸмܲס
Ʈëˣ֪ᷢʲô飬ڵľ£ѾƮҡɲⳡսѩϼ˪
ӣǰպаˡ
ʱİպа£ɫҪѿжѿڰտܵˣôײеʰˡ
뿴ǸŮˣտ˿ԼһŴЩˣʣֻҡ
ʱѾһԲպа³˹

һգʥʥһ죬ǲʧܣų˱󱻽ס֮ͱ˺ڰռ䡪Ǹ˵硣
Ҳû뵽ԨħڲҲ磬ʱĻ˼ȥоЩ
׵ʧܵһ죬ʦڵĲ´ȴͶǷ̡
ȻûɱȴûдκνԼ˵ҡ
б˴˶ӣжӿһɵľУǵʵȻʮ㲻϶㣬Ҳϲ㣬ǰȴӤһ
ѹӡաаµʱתϪף㽫ϪҲѹ
ʱŷ֣ѾεϪף֮УһֱŵǱغ鷢䣬ϵ۾һѪɫĹâ
ţ
Ŀһע⵽Ȿ飬Σһʱ뵽ˡʥ䡷֮ƪȻȷ֮󣬷Ⲣǡʥ䡷һأԼһʱҲ޷ܵص伮
ԭʹϪ֮󣬺úоһⲿ伮û뵽ʱ򣬺˱仯
ѪɫâԽԽǿö۾ҲԽԽ
Щ⣬ջһ޵Ѫ˵Ϫ׵ϣѪϪ׵Ƥ֮УõϪ׵壬һɺ졣
ǡ
Ƥһ֪õϪ׷ʲô仯ΣǺڸϪˣҲϪױˣô˵ԲǺ¡
ûκοǵģְֳǹһǹ˵Ϫ׵ؿڣ
ۣ
ѪɽѾʧȥսĵϪȫûеֿ֮һǹҲܿ˵Ϫ׵࣬ȴעƻԵħ֮Ϫ׵ķβȫݻ٣
ǿʥڱò֮ٳһҲ۵ˡ
ûдϪκλָĻᣬܺ鷢ʲô䣬ҪϪΪýУֻҪϪ״Уһʲôˡ
һ֮ѪԴԴϵ͸Ϫ׵֮У˿ڿٻָţо棬һֱӽǱץС
֣еⱾ֮УʼɢһɹɵаϢֻѪܵ۾ƺڶԼһ㡣
ʱҲעӵ˺һ֡
Щ֮ˣڼԹ˽ķǳ࣬ΪܶؾҲ伮Ķ˲˵ļ䣬ǰ֣ȴδ
ʱ򣬺֮ͻȻһѳһݣħ֮ӿ˫֣һֻӲӣһֻħɭɭ˫һӷסⱾ顣
Ȼʱ򣬻кܶѪɫѾû˵Ϫ׵ڣЩѪɫϵϪͬʱҲõϪϵϢù
һ̣ɫࡣ
ƺħ֮ܳ׷ӡⱾ顣
΢΢üһħռ俪Ȿ飬ֱӾͱħռ֮С
ħħռҲûԼûжܴռ䡣
ħռ֮УǹϪϵѪͱħռˡ
ˣⱾĺҲҴ⡣
ԾϵħռеĲӡ۲÷ֶΣԼǲǾԲȲӡĸá
ħʱֻСħռķ裬ɷ󣬽ⱾεС
¡
ڷ󲼳֮󣬲ӡıֱѹڴĵ㣬ѹ˹ӡ֮£
ġ
鱻ѹ˲䣬ֻѪɫ۾ҵǷ˴̶Ľ
һУòӡҲеޱ졣
ʲô飿ӡ˹
Ȿƺаԣо
оⱾĲһ㣬ⱾڣϪ׻ԶԶĶ֣ΪϪױδͻΪҪһЩԵʵһаԵĹֲ˵ġ
ѹ֮ڵϪ׵ִһȭ׽ղŹѪƺõ˿ҵ¿ַ֮Ϫ׵ȫѪһӽԼ硣
룬ֽƮµëӡҲӽ˲ӡõĴ֮С

Զ֮⣬һ̾Ϣǽһ֮С
һŮӹǿգǰһɫЩޱ޼ʣƣλõĺ
ƬŮһָһ岨ȥ岨ֿ¶ɵǿգȻƬ֮Щֶƺ޾һ㡣
Ů΢΢üɫǰһһγˡ
ǰɫʵõοռеĻþ
ŮӣƮ


2025 ŭƮ
ƮѾֺöˣȻʵϣԾʱٺ٣ȫԸɱʱ̸ǽûС
Ƕ˸ʱֻԱƴ򣬺ͶԻ꺣ȵķʽս
ǶˣһǷ˫ޣһ˫ޣϵУͻ꺣кܴϵǶ˵ĶԾֶβʱһλĶԾܳꡣ
ԾֶԣܹҵһʵԼĶַǳѣرǵƮȫֵˣָˡ
ߵֻһıչغͲվȱһЩǻҪҪ൱ĶֺսҲǰǰܷչʢԭ֮һ
ЩڳĶԾУƮƺγĬڽֹУǶԻ꺣;⣬ڲϵļ
ƮͶʥĴս̫ԣʥʤ񣬶Ҳ̫ҪμⳡսΪ컯ʥʸ㹻ı꣬ͬʱҲΪ컯ʥڽһͳ£ﵽߵľ磬ڵ컯ʥʰˡ
һǣΣѾǶʥսļˣһôƮĵĽʥĴս֮
ƮţӵʵǻۣԼ⻯컯ʥʵĻ֮ţ棬ûκε
ʥǿȭͷǵҲ޷Լͽܶš
ÿκƽ٣ȻʮѣҲǸһɳʱ
ϯĴսս
Ʈⳡʥսĺôĵˡ
ΪƮĶ֣ȴԶûôʹݣ˵ļ٣
Ȼļս£ʱȴҲûиõѡκβƮ򲻹컯ʥʣҪεսôƮȾͻ᲻Ӧ
ʱƮţͬʱץһлԼʵ֮⣬
֪ռĵʼֻ컯ʥһˣҲδҪԵĶ֡
ĳһ죬ܹЧµȼԼ컯ʥشѾ뵽ģһδսý
ҪĽϣȴޱãⳡʥսԽǴþˣҲԽоǿ󣬵Ļģв컯ʥʵʥʥʣһ˼׳١
ΪԼ֮䣬кܴĲࡣ
ʱûƿµξռ䣬Ʈ˳˼ʵµ󷨲ûйע̫ĻǿȺƮԸ⣬ȫԾԵƳȻûôֻݣǶԼ֪Ķ
ǾƮ˽֮һʱͻȻһȻ̧ͷĿ֮Уһ˿㵺Ͳŵɫ
ڸղŵһɲǣоԼΪƵ⻯Ƶˣ
⻯ƮһƱѪ𾳽֮ڣ޵У˭ȻԼһƻƵˣ
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ȥ֪Լѹ˵ǸȻǣȻܸ֪Ĵڣƺӡһصȿռ䣬ȿռķ޷λá
ңԵĸоԼϵıѪڱ
Ʈ˫Ŀ֮Уɢɱ
ǿͻµıѪ֮ʧƮΪһδ
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ƮҧԺӹͷ
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ܹƵԼֻΣαԼǣƣôԼĻ޵еġ
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
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ʱƮȻû˼оˣֱԾƿ˴
˿̣ƮƼ̤գ˲뿪Ƭ򣬶ʱΧ˲Ťռ䷨֮ı䣬ƮմŲƾδʩչ
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ͬǣһεֻͽķƴǱעµ
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οռĲһΣƮǰԶһŮƿһ˺գ̤ſռ籩Ʈǰ
ŮӣƮЩƣͬǾŮ²
ΣƮĿɱҪң
΢΢һЦոգҸܵοռ˺ܴ󲨶ԾԵƿҵôȻҪƺм£
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ƮУȴԵô̶ˡ
ÿ
Ʈɭ˵
ǿ²Ըˡָ֣⣬һöڻתţĲµƮľţСսйأƮ˵ǲõϢԼԵȻǺϢˣΣƮɵĻȥ
ʮӶʮ֮ǰǣңҲܻ棬ڣֵˡ
Ʈһ˦䣬ֺ˪Ϊֵ£㻹סô
һʱһʱȻĳ˳

Ʈǿգޱ޼ʣǿ֮УƯһƬ½Ƭ½֮ϣȪ飬ء
еһ½ء
ʱʥʥաа¡ϪȫסѪ½ˡ
ǵ屻ӡһ¶ѡ
ģʹռѵŤһ²ӣ֨֨ĹؽɱǧĶħ֪ô
ֵ˵ţõģվţϪףȫĹͷϸɾˣһһڵϣֻܷ΢ˡ
ʱȴϸĹ۲磬˼ϸһӾͷƬĲͬ
Ƭ񡭡ûʲô𡭡һƬô
ӵһ˿ȷѵԨħ磬еķʡԪʵ
աа»ûüӦʱ򣬼ǰĿռһŤ£ֳֳǹѾƮȻٵ½ϣվھʮԶĵط


2026 ²
ɷǣʥʥʱһ
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˵ⲽأҲ벻κѵĿˣֻ˵̰ſǣȻͼıͰɱˡ
˵Ӷ԰պа´һǶҵġ
պа¶ͷʱָֻˣϪףȫԺˣ˵ѡ
һԲ̤գֱһֱǰӸ£ӡ
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һ̾Դ󷢣ָ˶ħıʣΣֱ
ҧ촽ɫ΢΢԰ף˵ᡣ
Ե㣬ȻǰǰζħԸҪƲС
Ѿ⣬ܶԷʲôҪȲӦԷҲ׾ܾ
̸ܻзʽ
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Щţڻ䶯ţĿһ㡣
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Щ֮Ѫ⣬һֻ֮ŵʥȡģǾеľ㹻һǿߣ
֪ʥһʥں˻֮Ѫ󣬻ᷢӳս
֮Ѫ⣬ȫĲٿأֲ֮͵õһĹĳ֣ȥɨʥҲȫû⡣
ȻԸ⣬Ҳʱ֮ѪȡЩɡ
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ҧ˵ޱȼѣԼʦΪ壬Ѿ֤־嵽˼㣬˵ô۵Ļ͸СӴܴ򲻹˵ҪȥҰһĸо
ȻʱѾץӵĲӣˡ

ƽ侲ʱҲȫֽţУǲ䶯ŵģչһֻֻСֵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ѾֲĶħ
ҵ˰ɡĮ˵Ӻ޲ȥĻͬʱץŻ֮ѪѾӵؿڡ

ӷһҽУ
һֻ̣оԼؿޱȵ飬ҧѪ⣬ꡣ
ʮֹģֹһҲֻͬ顣
ֹоӼҧͷԸʹģԼιȥ
ϡ
֮Ѫⲻϵ䶯˫ĿѪ˿ĽҵĲڴڵĴ
ȻȴҲı䲻Լˡ
㡭㡭㡭á
Ѿ˵һĻˣȫ㺹꣬˾ˮ̳ģ·ʪ͸ˡ
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Ŀ⣬ڰաа¡Ϫ׵УǵȫˮֱǶʶһ㣬ħУǿһˣ
ģӵǶ˿ˮ֣ӵʱһڵϡ
ʱ򣬻֮ѪѾϸ˿ӵ࣬Ѫӵÿһ壬ӵĻ꺣Ҳ֮Ѫ͸ˡ
֮Ѫ⣬Ϊһ塣
Ϊһǿ̬ͻ֮Ѫںϵ̬֮У֮Ѫռ
Ը⣬û֮Ѫ⴦ڳ˯״̬Ӹһ˼¶Ӱ죬һ֮ѪӾȫūˡ
ӣһ֮Ѫ⼤
ӽһ۾һ˿ã֮ɫ㯵Ŀģе㯱˹
ָоǵͼԼȺеһַѪϵķء
OO@@ĴӵǰĽ棬μˡ
ܺá
Цˣĸ𼶵ĳ֣ټϻʣ¾ųɶĻ֮ţԼսʥ壬绢
ʥաа֣ƮͶһٶã
ʱת˰աаºϪס
ջĿͻţӵ³ķɱӣɱ
ָԼĲӣ۾ͨ죬첻ɱӣӱضгһգιι
˵ͻȻҽУΪڸղһ˲䣬һŻ֮ѪӰΪſĴ˽ȥ
ֱӷʳ
ȣȿȣ
ƴĿסԼĲӣϵѪܶһ¡Ȼ֯
ɡ
ռѵ˵ţ˷صˤڵϣͷײأĴԼؿڣȻͽ͡
ɤӱסˣģˡ
üŭңһ֮°ɱˣôͼֶΣСӶϵ
ĮĿڵϴİգΪѪȫԾɱУ԰յǻۣҲֻ뵽üŭһȻûϡ
תа¡
аѾˣĿˣ滨꣬ϧ
˫ְؿڣߣΣֻʮ꣬ȴַСұһ㡣
ҪʲôģҲҪֲǸҸԸūͣ㣬κ鶼С


2027 ս
аס֣һ˫ˮĴ۾·˵
аµķӦһ£պӵķӦ֮Уƺûϵ߰ӣôûߵġ
ݼҲˡ䵭˵Ϊ˰ѳΪʹӵˣҲ伫ˡ
ҡ˵ģھͿԸа¼ˣȻʱѾ֮ѪֱӰаµСУа·һ߷ֱļУ֪ԶѪ֮£ܷĽ
źһǸԸŻ֮Ѫ⣬ҪȻʱ㻹ʬˣ»֮Ѫ⣬Ǹʱ汳
仰Ͳٹаˡ
һֱߵϪ׵ߣϪ˫ĿĿһۣЦһһԲ
ҲϻֱӰѻ֮ѪⰴϪ¶˿ϡ
һʱ֮󣬻֮ѪѾʥںϣҲĽӴ⼸ϵķķǵѪ֮ȫų
һΪʥǿķãҧѪ⿪ʼϣ˰̶û£صĵϪףҲĻָжˣһһĳá
ʱĸ˻ָԪǰ
Ϫס¡գμˡ
ܺãЩ;ɣ֮һǷϪףңʲôĶģ
Ѿ˳
Ϫ׹Ļش˵ĻⱾ̫ŽżһĹõģʲôҲ֪Ȿ飬Ҳеֻ֣֪һħԵսʹãܹµʵʹ֮»е쳣ƣΪ¾Ȿ飬µʲôֺ
Ϫԭԭİ֪Ķûκ΢΢üϪ֪ĶԸûʲôֵ
̫Žżеõģ̫Žż̺ʲôܡ
Ѿ̫Ž֣ʮ죬Ϊĳ֮µĲ磬ΪڰԨĹϵûг鿪
ΪڰԨڣ̫Ž硣ƺبŲһ㣬̫Ž綼ȹ
̫Ž磬Ŀǰʥƿ£һ̲ԵҲޱΣյء˼ʵǿ̫ŽżҵλĴжϡ顣
оһⱾ飬ϵĸעУԪԪԪ֮ħ֮ȻûЧ
ʥ䷨·ӡϣķģնںǵĲ֮Уͬţ뺣֪ˡ
һҲֻʱоⱾĴ㣬磬ɲӡѹ
һħռУȡƮµë
ֻа߳ëַǳأһ˺Ͷìһ㣬ɣëʹãֱӹᴩʥ
ƮıëǺöȻ˷ˡ
оƮëмӳ˷ӡвëͻҴݻ١
Ȼаսӡƽ⣬ƳԻٵӡȴҪٵʱ䡣
ʥڴսÿһ̶ˣʱʮֱԼҪⱾ𣬿Ҫһ꣬ɺķѲ
һӡ
Ҫʦıṩݾô
һһ˫ˮ֮Уһ˿ԥʹ֮ɫҪӦȻƺҪӦʱƺҪʧȥʲôʮҪĶޱѹ
¶ĸ飬Ů˲򵥣ֲʶټԼǿľƣȻܱôһ˿˿ʶ
ϧ־עԼĶ֡
ת͸޳ټǿ֮ľ̫ˡ
ܣǲܣ
ᶶһ£ԭһ˿
Ĺڵأɵ˵˻ʦڱеӡ漰Ʈɽ񴫳С𻯾Ȼġ𻯾Ϊޣ޷Ϊ˸Ǹһ֣ø̵ʱ⿪ʦ֮еķӡȴǿ
ãдϲʦıһһպ㽱ʵһ¥
ŵӸƮô꣬ƮܽĶѾˣʣµľԼҪƮָ֮·϶ʱʲô߲ףһЩԼרą̊́򵽵ĶһӵĻȻܵõ
Ȼղⷬŵνôӻѵʱһ̡
Ӷÿһ仰ʥּ
ܳ˵ΪЧӦõģҾӹ
˵䣬óһ顶𻯾򣬲𻯾ĲݣֱӴԺ֮С
еġ𻯾ֻС𻯾ǰһ֣һ֣ҲǾؼܣûӴ͵Ļ𻯾мصʲô
һһ߿⡶𻯾̺Ͳһ㡣
̾һ𻯾Ȼ˵۴ȡʥ䡷࣬ҵרʥ䡷֮𻯾ھ񡢻ʶвܶ๥ֶκϸڣȴ˼¡
ػ󣬵һһ羰ĿϾӡ
ʲôĶʱ򡣡
һʱʱ䣬Ӵֹ˵
ܺãһ֣ڿʼչʮ죬˻ɣ
ʥʥȫˣʣһˣ̵δսջ񣬿þ޴ݡ
õĸĹĳ֣֮šغ飬С𻯾ԼƮµıѪ
ôôʵʥ͸Լһݴ
ʰ飬ܿں⣬չ֦Ҷһ
ǹ⣬ʹô˿̵ͬɾһ㡣
𻯾򣬻Ʈı𣬾ƯΧԡǹ֮У

Ʈʱȴ֪ʱѪϵϵһУѾϢĴ棡
ϵһ֮С
ĵȡڷ𡢾£̫ĵ޺ۡսذϫһ޽صŮ壬Ľ죬Ǹǣۼ
еľ»飬ҪݾǸµսֽսƻ


2028 ݵϢ
ȵĲӣ֮ǰ˻֮Ųϵĺ֣Ȼûмʥ岿ӣҲǳ׶ϵˡ
ǿ˵ִв֮⣬ǿһ֧ˡ
ȻѾվ˽ŸǾȻƫһ磬Ҫζʥ
ڣڹ滮Ŀꡣ
λѾһɲСΪҪģǾԮͬ飡
֮ǰΪʱ䣬ǵĺܶ˶ɢεĽ֮УȻӴʥѰǵѣӦһص˱ҵôǱƣȥʥֻҪķ㹻ʱ䣬ܽ𡣡
ǲԴУҪЩͬ壡
˵λص㣬ôǣô֧ܶ඼᧿Σôǵ׸þ˭
ǿȣԴ˵ҲеΪѣʱһ֧͵ڷƫƫȡᡣ
ǱΪֿǣҪԮ㣬һǾǱϵǺܾ֮ǰ͸ǱϵϾϢϵҲСħǴѾΧˣСħɡֻĻδϣСħֻĶˣĪĹϵΪ廻һĴţѾȥĺζҪס
˾Ǳϵ֮⣬һ㣬ǾǡЩͻȻֵˣ˿ϵ֮ŵ뿪ǳȥġΪȡʱ䣬ҲӲοʵǿ˵ĵ˾ѣҲʥĴսתǲܿڻ֮䡭
˵ЩѾʼüѵҪֱ
Ȼ֧ҲǿȻǶ컯ʥӻǶϻ֮ţЩֱĻǾ͸ˡ
ǽҪ۵ġ̯˵ȨףóһЧķ
˵ţͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
鱨
ڴ֮󺰡

һ»ٿУһ㲻ţһ鱨򲻻ͽڴڴſڣ鱨Ҫ̶ȿ֪ˡ
Щյ̫鱨ˣȻųϵ鱨ȴǻϢĴս弸ʧܣʧܣʤżʤҲ񲻾ǰǹϵ֮ŵĲಿһʹġ
ڵ壬ȷʵ̫ҪһĴݣʿˣ
ϢɫأִõϢѾƮҡ壬еܲĴˡ
ѪϵļӼ鱨˫ֽսϣ鱨ǳ򴫻ģ鱨ȼҲǳӵĶӳģʲôǲ֪ġ
Ѫϵ
Ƥ͵˼£ѵǹ˱֮ս
ǵȣʱ˶񾾽
ò׳ʥԱˣòô˰ɡ
һʶ̽鵽鱨֮С
Ѿ˵֪Ϣ׼Ȼݵʱ򣬵ֱӾˡ
Լˣս򷴸Ŀ˼飬ȫʯһ
ôˡ
ǰ׷ʲô
еۿŵȿ鱨ȴ˵Щˡ
ǽѯʣȲȻӦˣ֪ô˵ˡ
ǡԼɡ
ĹŹ֮ɫݸˡ
Щ֪̽̽ս򣬱Ϳһʱ乩ö̽顣
˶еݡ
һĿɿڴΪԼεݡ
һʮ䶯ıըϢ
¼һЩӰ񣬶սѪϵһЩкƬ֮⣬Ӱ֮»ע˶̶̵仰
Ѫϵս̽Ѫϵɱˣһµ֮䣬˸ϵսս̲պ̽¡
ʥ»֮ӣѪϵȫû
Ѫϵʥ칬Ⱥ齢Ⱥ߽⣡
ѪϵԮӣִԱפصһ
ʥʥʧ٣
ΪڼС

һʱ䣬᳡ѻȸܶ΢ţдһУЩӰȴУʥ칬Ⱥ齢Ⱥ군ˣ
ǽ޵еĻ֮ţ£ܿסǵĹľȫû

ʵϣҲǸ˷ǳӹ֮ŵ׷ɱҲǰϤ˻֮ŵǴˡ
һ˻֮ţǾԲ飡
Ū˰ɣ
޺۲ȷ˵Ϣ̫ˣԼʶ֮ŵʵ޷ı¡
̽鱨ĳСӶӳµĴӣطǧۣ˳ӦǸһЩۼʥķӦԶ۵ս󣬷鱨ɣΪ˻õ鱨Щ룬Ҳ̫ǡ
ڷ𻺻˵ƽʱ򶨵ĵõɮʱҲƽˣһŷţһŷ飬ٶȣԱƽʱࡣ
ΣǱСģҲʥɢļϢµأսذϫü˵û취սϵһС
ҡͷԲԭֻҪ֮ϵǻܱǱϵǱߣҲ£һжǶʥõľ棬ǻ֮ͻȻϵعѪϵ͸ǴϢ֮
οѪϵ칬ĻˣЩ칬齢ƬѾ֤ˣ˵ǹϷǺαҪٵô칬ɱôӣͬʱ͸ǴϢĻᣬǸǴʿǵĿĺأ
һ˵˶ĬȻˡ
ȷˣսʱƲϡʹÿƵģƵһʥƲǳԱ˳ŵô
Ǹ˵׻˭૵˵۾һ˿ɡ
Ҳ֪лᣬ

ɽõйػ֮ŵϢ֮һЩĴҲõϢ
Ϊ֮ȫûϢд֤ʵԾûҹõʱʥųĻֳЦʿ
Щ죬۶廹ʥԣעƽ
ʵѪϵʥĳȥĸ࣬Ҳ̽鲻鱨
Ȼ˻֮ţʱգû֪һ㡣
컯ʥʶ֪
Ϊڻ֮컯ʥʵľӡȫħĨȥˣ컯ʥľ飬ӡǱƻͨڻ֮űˡ
֮Ѫⱻ٣ӡȻڣڻ֮ѪⱻصΣ컯ʥʴû


2029 Ǳϵ
Ǳϵ컯ʥ
ࣣ
µľ촫ԪۿɼİɫΧ÷飬һͷɫޱһĸߴһȭ˱ϡ
ͷ޷صˤ˵ϡ
꣡
Ϊĳݣγһﳤӡ
ߴ֮һʯɽɽۣ¶һĽ⣬ٲȻһս
ĸߴӣ컯ʥӡ
Ƭռ䣬컯ʥӵǱ컯ʥڲС磬컯ʥӻ˵ޣ޺̫ӽĺ
컯ʥͷѪĳޣʥŵӵЩ˵ѪҲǼΪ󣬿ﾹɳɼ컯ʥĲƴˡ
ʥӵ£ЪЪɣٴͰͷ޴ˡ
컯ʥһСɫƤҰԵŮӣóëΪ컯ʥӲ
컯ʥһ˿ɫ鼫Ϊ⣬νѵݺݵķйһлһڻ
ڻǸˡ
컯ʥӱȵȸ͵õйѪϵһϢ
ƽʱϪ׺ӳ˴һֻζҪЦˡ
ڣ֮ŲǡԿȫûʥҲʧˣ
컯ʥ޷Ǹôġ
Ϊˣ㷲ȥѪϵ̽飬ȴʲôҲûܲ鵽
컯ʥӲҲ֪˳һԼ
ֲ֪ϸս컯ʥӾл֮Ҳеͷۣ֪Էĵʲôôɵ˻֮š
ʥӵҲطˣʵڲУ֪ͨʥʱ°ɣ
컯ʥߣŮӿ컯ʥӵ˼̽Ե˵
֪ͨ£컯ʥӵüͷһӾŮӶʱ
Ϊʥʱ²֪֮Ÿôÿһ֮ŵϣлµľӡǣǻһ
컯ʥ˵
ʮձĴͬСɣȻɵģֻʮ֮ű֮ϵ
ϵͬһ֣ת򣬻Ǵ
Ⲣ˵ͣͣġ
ɻűĹУĺ컯ʥʻ١
ߵ粢ľأ١
Ҳиеͣͻ𣬴䣬񵤣꣬١
Щֻǵͽ٣ɻűǾ֮ˡ
컯ʥ޷󣬽ڻϵٻʲôӣǺʵһǣĺ컯ʥܹסٵĻǶԽǾ޴ĺô
һ֣δزٴɽĻ컯ʥʾ;볬Խľֽһˡ
棬ҲζŸ߷գʵϣ컯ʥҲǾ׼Ÿһʮǰڻϵ顣
е̫ˣһСģǻҷĽ֣
ʱ컯ʥҲܴ컯ʥʣʵϣ컯ʥʱչصλǾܣ컯ʥӶ֪
ϣ컯ʥʸκˡ
һĶۣ֡Դ˵ֶͨΣҪ컯ʥԺлȡʲô鱨ʵڲʲôѵ顣
صĻۣʼ컯ʥƽɵ
컯ʥֱڶ֪۲ʲô֣Ȼɻ۵ҰģҪԸֻۣ̻֮
ٴν뷨ޱƽԽľ磬ô컯ʥûɻ۵ˣ֮
Ǹʱ컯ʥҲ»ˡ
йغֵܣԼ컯ʥе뷨컯ʥҲֻԼ֪ѣ컯ʥʵУԼУǲͬġ
컯ʥʿֻ֣϶ĵģֻ컯ʥʺͻۣˣԼʥ𣬻֮ţ壬ȵˣӶѣ
ΨһĲ𣬾ЩдСҪĺͲҪġ
Щ컯ʥûʲôɱģǾԵʵµıȻ
ȻԶӣôͱ벻ϵʵ
ڣǰˣһս
һضȥҪָͲָ컯ʥʣʲôʸ֣
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ҪҪսս
컯ʥԪȫˮȻӷϳսף߳С磬´֮Уʱ򣬳һöս򣬾ö컯ʥȫסˡ
ʥĳѪϵʥ칬кҵĶһӰˮƬ
˵ɲɣӰˮƬУ¼Ǹ˵ĲȱӰ
ӰУӽֳֳ̤ǹͶ䣬ǳ
ֻһ˲䣬Ȼʱ컯ʥһͻɫȻѿ
´ʥ彫쿴컯ʥõ鱨ɫȻ˭Ҳ˵´ùͷ
һʱ䣬ĵġ
컯ʥɫ任ɲǼӹͷ
ǹôôɡ
ȻǵãǧǰһսϱԽܣһԽһ󾳽硪ʥ
ʱóĶעУһö
ټ˵컯ʥжȻһɲԤС
Ȼ˵ӰϵˣʹõĹĳ࣬磬Ȼ컯ʥȴܾ˿
ⴿһֱƮ˵ˣ컯ʥӶе㲻ţǳӲѵľôˣ
òᡭ
컯ʥһʱо﷢âڱ
һҧʮ¾컯ʥȻ߰Ƕȴǳļɵеһϵ˰̡
ҵսʥפ棡ӵһŵţȫǱϵ
ʲô
ͻȻ컯ʥӵĴڳʥ彫Щ£컯ʥǸ
ʥʥĴӪʥȫˣһŵ⻹ðǱϵ˰
ôˣѵֻΪ˶ԸһСħɣ
ʱʥʱµЩʥ죬ֹ͵ϮģֻǶԸ壬һѾǴ˵壬ôʦڰɣ
ô
컯ʥüͷһһͷһ̾Ҫߵʨӣǽһڿˮֻõͷ컯ʥʱչ֮컯ʥѾʥָߣȻҪӡ
ǻô죿ʸĽ̲סʵ
컯ʥ΢΢˵ҪˣָЩѵ͵סôʵڲУͰʥǣԤУǲҲʱչأѾµϼһһЩˡ
⡭ðɡʸֻõͷͬ⡣


2030 籩ǰϦ
ãռ֮УչؾǰƮϵıѪѾ롣
һƬ𣬱ΪһɫмѪߣƮıѪѪѾָ⣬γһƺɫ⡣
һģɫû֮֮УѪߡ
ڡ𻯾֧֮£Ʈûжٳͻëһᣬǧ˿ƣ뵽ļ֮У΢ϪȪˮһʱ䣬оȫůڵġ
ȻݵҪȫգһ㲻˷ѵתԼҲǲܵģ˳ȥķʳܹգתԼѪһ֮١
ʱţʮȥˣʼձչؾһӡƮѪע磬۵Ӱ֮С
Ӱڲϵĳߣ
Ӱøʵħ֮ڴ˻ִۣת
һ̣оԼ̤Ľֻһ㱡ĤֻҪͿƼɵӰʵ壬̤𾳽磡
ѾĸеʮԼ΢ϵ·֮ھ֮𣬻
𾳽һˮ룬ʮʷУ֮⣬ߣͲ֪񾳽Ĵڣ۽ϰߵƣǶЩϹʱĳƺҲ
𣬾ζļޣһ𾳽磬ҲΪһˣĸڣ
ڼͻ𾳽ɲֹסͻƵĽŲ󣬾֮Ҳûȥ
ƮѪǿǿȻ⡣
Ȼܾʹͻ𣬵ʵҲǿͻƶѡ
ҪǺһɳ죡
ΪǿҪ㹻ģӼ¾ͿոĵرȴҪǧꡣҪΪ鱦ΪˣʵѾһõѡǾ컯ʥӿƵĻ֮
Ӷ֮Ҳ֮д洢ӴѪ֮һƿۣ
컯ʥӡǻעĶ֣ǧǰǾͽֹһΣڣҪˡ
΢΢һЦʵԭʥ󷽽꣬Ϊ컯ʥǰȡ֮
û뵽컯ʥӾȻסûӺͻ֮ˡ
Ȼ֮żԶ컯ʥһ֮Ҳһݺ
ڣȻ컯ʥӲȥ
컯ʥӽ˹
һʵҪȥԸ컯ʥӣ

ͷˣ¶ϲɫ
Ȼ˼룬Ǳ֮ǰһЩϲûǱ컯ʥӲͣ⼸ǧʱ䣬컯ʥûٸʹӣ˸ʥ嶼ʲôˡӻϪϣҲΪ컯ʥͬĵˡ
˻컯ʥӴӲǻͨ鱨һЩ棬컯ʥܳʱ䶼Ǳϵ
Ŷʲô
ӦڶԸĳЩҪھǶԸ˭Ҳ컯ʥ֪鱨֮Ҳȥһţͣʶй鱨ǴǷġ
ţ֪ˣһվȥǱϵ
˵ţҲЩģ֪ӿ˵Ҫ˭
ôʱĸٶϸܣԼ֮⣬֪Էлбʥ˵ļ
Ѱ徫˺ܴѡ
ǳɣ
˵ţǰһɫתűһֱСǻԪ칬
ȷ칬Ĵʥʥǧʥͬɻһ棡
˶ûԪ칬֮У޴ĺɫԸı̬֮󣬱ɲǼûգʧ

Ϊ˵˻֮ŵӦǱϵѾʼһ籩
ʥʥѾٸǱϵȵˣҲ֯ӿǱϵ
ۼĸԽԽࡣ
ڰħˣ
ǱϵΧɽפ֮Уһʱ򣬴ĴűƿһϴŰɫȫںе˽
ӵ󣬻һŮ
ŮΪۣ俴ȥֻʮӣҲߣǱȴһѾų߳İɫ
ĵͷǳţöӴСȮһзɭĩСöȮУҲа߿ôһ壬ɵ˺֪
һȺŮҪһأֻбŮıϣϺŮǰ״һϸļһʮǿҵӾ
ŮīǺڰħ״ӣ츳Ϊڣ˳ΪСħɵڶ
Сħ˽ǧ꣬ڣҲгΪˡ
Ӵ벽һܶҪüǧʱ䣬ԺŮȻСǧ꣬ΪҲ¾µ̫ࡣ
ħ̫ˣ
ȻɮˣǶɮƽʱ˵ҲûдڷЩأڰħĵõȺܡ
ڵ壬սУڰħһˣҺڰħҲΪãһδܳɳľī
ս𣬴ڷ𣬻塢ǣܸ˼Ƕƽվ
ڰħַǰһ˵ĸоһʿĶš
ҲյϢ˰ɡ
սָ˴ܻ֮ţ컯ʥӼǱϵô
ԣ֪컯ʥҪʲôʱͻȻҪսĸо
Ӧ˰ɣˣҪ컯ʥӣл֮컯ʥҲòףҪʥʵڲ컯ʥӵķţЩһΣˣȴСģɼеķжء
ȷʵʥЩͷ̫ʢˣ֮ǼǺɨʮ죬棬ˣƾһ֮ʥôĿǿ£ԤУ˻ǵģ
˵۾˸ʱ򣬴ͻȻϢڲӵǰǧﴦʥľӣ
ڰħеȶɿĿһ鱨򣬸ʥʻķжϣԷǴʥġ
ͲµǱϵᱬһսȻȴû뵽ⳡսô죡
ô죿ڰħȵ
򣡡˫Ŀ֮һ˿Ƶս⣬ǱϵΪ֧ԮСħɣҲΪЭˣǲǵ˳֣Ǹż©һЩʱҲҪӲʥĲӣ˴ս
Ⱥڴ컯ʥӵĽ֣


2031 
ĺڵǿ֮УƯһֻֻ޴ĺӰʥĵڶţʥʮضµһ֧
ʥڶţʥɡ
ʥ죬Ϊ̫˴֮УڳµݻУʥݻ֧
ʥеһ֧
ǵѪǿҲӽ˶ƤغɫЩ㲻ʥɫرģǵ齢
ʥ齢Ƴ鱦
Щ޴Σ峤ɫĹ㣬Щڲϵ˸İǿмΪĿ󷽳ųĴ룬ǵĲ棬аڶŵʹЩԶԶˮζ
ȻǱ򱶣ǲں󣬶ǿգǿΪңΪǿˡ
ǿչޣʥʥĻĹޣʥҲʥ죬ǵеǿ߿ƾǿʵǿչޣǿչǩԼЩ޾ͳǵ齢
пռ䣬ɳǧսʿ޳֮峤ӵпµĹǵĴ֣һģվüʱ䣬Ԫɡ
ʥĵڶţȫʥ˺Щ޴ɵģǵսǳ¡
ЩҲ۷ʥʵѾƽΪ׵ʮͷ峤ǧǿչޣϡ
ʥ屾Ŀ͸ˡ
ڶŵҲʥ峤ǧǰʹﵽ˶ľ磬ڶ֮Уٮٮߡ
֮⣬ʥڶŵļǣҲǶ
ʥĿʮ壬ʱŵõ˳ֵ֣ʥפʥţóһĿʮϡ
ǰţǷ˹
ǿչ޵ڲ޴ͶӰ֮ϣԿһɫĴ𣬴ʱɫʢޱȿֲвϵţȻҪһ
ɫ񣬰ʾɽһȺУΪ׵ĵǶĸˡ
ǿչڲϣһȫںɫսӻ˵ͷǿչޣʥ콢
콢У
Ǵ컯ʥӸǵǰΧǱϵͬʱҪʱ䣬ע˵鱨ڼȻѾˣǾǽְɣ
ڼӣʥ峤Ĵս֮УʥҲֵܷĺôôĶ٣ȻҪõľܹشɽĻǾǴһ
ǿ֮Уʥʮͷ޴ǿչ޻۵һγһͷ峤ǧĳǿչޡ
ͬʱǿչڲʮһǸע뵽ǿչ֮Уһֲĺڹ⡣
ڹ⣬ɽĽײһ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬·һ̫Բʮȫ飬ֲʱշ籩ɢϯһС
֧ＸʮĽ֣ɵǳֲǿֲıըನĽ¸Űľ룬ܵ˲̶ͬȵˡ
ڽɫڲüͷ
ʥʵ̫£Ǹ֮Ĳ࣬˸еԽ컯ʥʥôھϣ곬塣
ֻһ֧ţ˼֡
ôٸϹĻҪǱϵʲôΪͺˡ
ˣǱϵڲһӵл֮컯ʥӣ
ȻΪ˵ĳ֣ʥһδȻʥʵȴԶ֮ϡ
ʥЩ飬ôȥԭƶľԮƻǺʵʩˡ
˵ذϫ̫дԶԾԮСħɡֻģذϫġ
ɽΪֵʵеľʱ
ʥһ峤ͬɽԼԤϡ
Ӧñٵö࣬ǻǿչϣսɣȻûѹǡ
ȷʵм˽ܣСǸô죿ôȥὩֲ£Ѫƴֲֵá
ʥȻ̰ҪǸʹĴȥʥľǾͲˡ
ǽӵǷǱϵ廹˶⣬ʱѣκβ˶ԷҲûʲôֻҪо
֪컯ʥڴʲôƺǱϵʲô컯ʥӺҪĶ
ʥţǹȴûţսѾ˽֡
ɽʥһˣսСʱɽʧ߰齢Щ齢ʵһЩƶսɶʦƳ󷨺ģ˽װס
齢սʿǷֲսܣڶʱڽǵ۵һ𣬱ֲĹ
ǴսЧսֶΣҪȸ˵Ĵܶࡣ
ɽʧ߰齢֮ʥҲʮͷǿչ޵ʬ壬ɺѪ
˫ûƴսĳ滹ǼΪҡ
գһȳˣΪ򱨸棬ңԶǿ֮Уһ֧ʥڱƽʥʥһ֧žɽֽȥôǳΧʱ򣬾ʧˡ
Ȳѣӳߡ
齢ǧپοռŲƣѰһεʱפ
һǾǱϵĺĵشԶˡ
úֱܶüξԮƻʦڴ֮ǰû뵽ǱϵôʥӣȫǾսļơ
ʥǱϵĵΧ˷һڶţѾǲֲ٣ţʥı屶ǣ⻹컯ʥӡ
´УĽųķ棬üͷ塣
ʵĲӣм֧ûиͨͺĲӡ
ǾǸҲתʲô̫ˡ
ƾԸʥλȻһ潻սͻԵ׽⡣
ڰǰģʥĵڶź͵ţѾʦҪͻƸܣƺҲûĴ㣬ֻſ󷨽磬á
ʥ岼õ󷨽磬ֻбһ㣬ףȻһиߵȼ߳ȥͻ֣֮⣬绹赲ϢȫϵͨѶ
£Ǳϵһµ
ȵˣٿ»飬һսƻ
Ȼʱûע⵽İǿձ˺һɫճǱһӿռѷƮ˹
ˣǰʥļžɫǱһ֮У
ʥļž
֮Уһֱչشĺ˫ۡ


2032 ɫǱ
ҵĴűƿſڣһıǹɢһ۷ơ
ˣ

ɣô£˵
ߵϴǰ͸ϴѾܹԶǿԼĹ㣬ãã齢ţȻǰһ֧ʥҹģܴ
˻Ѿǰʥĵڶž͵žԭӦפʥǣ֪ΪΣǱϵ
Ӷʥ鱨Ϊ˽⣬ֻǿǾ޴ģǿչޣһǿչĿĶ٣֪ڶž㳲ˡ
ڶžӦĵžʥֱΪʨţ֧žͬԵص㡣
ǵصʻ齢ϣЩ齢ԶԶȥһͷ޴Ľʨ
ʨʥʥ첿ɣʥ첿Ƽʥõʦʦܹóǿ󷨣̶Ƴ齢
ʨװ齢ȫ鱦ġ
еļ콢Ԫ칬Ҳ˿
ս֮У齢÷ǳؼ󷨵ĺûֱӹϵ߹Чʺͷ
뵱꣬սڤӵʱھ޴ʵ£ƾһԪ칬Լȡ˴Ϣ֮յתս֡
ӽʥڶź͵ŵ鱨ȫϸĸ֪ĳЩӵڲӡǶ֪ԸĻԽػһ鱨
ڵ컯ʥӦõ֧žǱϵԭЩžǸʥ죬ģײڣ컯ʥͻȻЩžȫʮֲѰûв´ĻҲġ
ʥפʥľӣİ٣жҲЩÿһز¶Ҳ֪ǵľ֮⣬ʥÿһ֧žҲиԵĿұ죬ڶžӵлĹžޣž鱦ʨս
˵СĵĿһۣδʥټص֣ǰͬСɣҲҪ֪ˣȡʲôԲߡ
ӵĻ۾Զʥĵڶź͵ţԼĿڵɱȥ
ֵֻȴ΢΢һ͡


ʥĵڶž͵ž˰ʱŷıƽ
һΪֻһ齢Ŀ̫Сأʥ弯žĿ̫󣬸䲻ˡ
ҲΪӶʥ˽⣬ʥЩ򲿶ӣôȵù
в齢
ʥ弯žͻȻ˾ʱǵפؽĵطһīĳǱ
Ǳ·ڰĿռȫΪһ壬Ա壬治һŵĹǡ
ʲôˣͣ
һϵǿգʥľ棬ڵĳǱǻԪ칬ɡ
ӡѹڻԪ칬ϣӡԭΪǷƵ鱦ѹԪ칬ۣԪ칬Ѿǿ
ԭԪ칬ʨŵ콢Ҳڲ֮䣬ڣԪ칬Щ齢Ѿǿһء
Ԫ칬ԽƮԽںڰı֮£һͷݷ̫ޣɱڣ

ʥ弯ž´ͻȻֵĲ齢ֲģΪʥ形ӵİȫȻҪɱ
ԣһСģ齢ʥžͻһɱҲв
ʥӵ컯ʥӵҪСһˣȻʥĽǶо˵ĴЩ֮ȻɽҲäĿԴڷʲô޴Ĵ
ʮ齢⣬˶ʮͬʱ֣ѾǷǳµһˡ
ȻΪҺɫݻбʱ򣬱ݱ棬һʵѪʥ𷢳Ѫ֮ϵʱ򣬲˼һĻˣѪֻ΢˼£ͽ⳹׵ɽȥ
ʮַĹȻţ뺣ӰǺɫûκ쳣
ʲô
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Բ˼ٶȣֱʥĺģ
Ԫ칬ԭٶȼ죬ټ鱦ӡĸ죬ȫ񲻼Ƴɱȼյ£Ԫ칬ٶѾԳԽ
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ڻԪ칬֮У֮ʥǧѾվһ£Щ֮ŵսʿȫžžı죬һѪִ˳չ
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Ҫ֪ʥڶž͵žҲһٶˡ
Ȼ֮ŵʵҪܶ࣬ȻΪбͬԴĻ֮ѪڲԶһʥܱģ
ռĶԱϣ֮Ÿʤһοһٰʮڲʥʥ
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Ѿ̫ޣ±˾ŮϪţ·Ѿȫ飬յӣѾħ
֮еľעϣʱҲˣ
ץסǹȻ֮ϣӡ˵תͷѹۡ
˫ֺʮħ֮֮һɲȫֲӻԪ칬籡
𵱳ȥѪϵʥ칬ȺһըҪǿ
Ѫϵը޲ܣȷķԣЩ۳ɹɢ俪
ĹЧʣ˺ֹٱ
ۣۣۣ
һʨսУ˲䱬ը⣡
߶۵ĹսеһҲ˲
ЩԽԽ죬ԽԽЩһԶ齢
ǣ

ۿǿµâһУʥĶд
ǵӰֱӴ齢ʧһѾãã֮У˸һ֣еһҪסԪ칬޷Ա
ɢ
жΪ򵥣˸Ȼ齢ӦΪѸ٣е齢һʱɢԶͬʱҲԻԪ칬չ
ҪЭ˸ѹԪ칬
һ㣬ò˵ʥľʷǳ£ϧǶ
䣡䣡
ʨսױը
ʱһ߿ձ˺ѿһֻ峤ǧľ޴ͷԴɫ˫Ŀǿе


2033 ݿ
𣡡
ڰµХγһɷ籩ſ죬һھҧסһֻʥǿչޣ
峤ǿչޣǱľ޿Ȼ˺һͳĲҽУҵȻվѲ˺ľ޿ڣ˺˰壬Щ˺µѪ⣬ֱӱ˸С
ͣŴִβͣ絶һĳɨи

һҵʨսβɨϣһͷһͷǿչޣһΪ
籩⣬Ѫ
ǿչǿпµĹȻܸӵѪͬʱ˴֮Ѫ⾫ĺȼ磿
𣡡
һͷ峤ǧǿչϣֻ޴ȳŴִĴ֣Ҫ̴壬ԼƷ
Ȼ嶯ܱȵġ
צĲǿչ޵֮У˺ϱֵĴ֣ںצ£ͬͨһ㣬˺ѣ

һ𾪺ֻ˺ѵǿչޣıԼޣԼԼΣڵϦڵѪ
ȻҲֻ˵һ仰û취ſˣû취ȥԼԼޣΪоںɫŸӿֲ籩ѾȫƲסˡ
ǰ˸֣ټϵź͵ľŽӵ֧֣Ҳⲻɫݵ
ɫ֮еײ˶ôµ
ݣ
һ̣ڻԪ칬ڲ֮УɳӰӰķ
Ǹһģһĸվ󷨵ģʹϵƳɱǿ
˫黭̫ħ֮ͬʥ䡷顷֮С
ҲʩչֶΣԴԴϵĻ
һʱ䣬ͬͻʹգֲͬǧһͬХ
ࣣ
ֱײԪ칬Χİ˸ϣһͬѪɳȥ
һɲǣϵľ˲֪٣Ѫ֮ļģǵ͵㡣

ҽһǵɳȥɲǣԪ칬֮еִޱȵĹֱӽ𶴴
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ʮ˵ãֲĹжû˲ȥֻǱᴩѡ
Ȼⳡս֮УᴩѾûв𣬺һٵӹգֻ޴צӣֱ˸С
Ϊޣǿ߾תԼֻûлĵ츳ô̬ѡ
һս׬˺ôЩǿչޣɱɣֳͬȺѪȾǿա
ش䣬ʥ԰˴ΪģɵĶԿԪ칬һӱ˺ˡ
һ˲䣬Ԫ칬еͬ˵̵ĺˮ籡
һһѪɫ籡һᴩʥţ
ЩƲɵǱеʨ齢̱飬ЩĹžǱи䣬Ѫ
Ԫ칬һ޴Ľһʥ֮У֮ʥǿޱȵϽ߽⣬ֱһɱ
ԶԶģǧ룬ɽĳ򿴵⡣
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ʥפȻҪ䣬ǧ룬Ѿܹ̽ļޣٿһ㣬Ǿͼܱʥ巢֣ĺ֪ˡ
ڣʥͻȻôıʣȴסˡ
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ʥĽӣѾɱõˣԭǾ񣬵ⳡʵ˾޴սһĵˣȴȫ᲻
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ʥ峤ʹȻո˵һʱȴһûϢǱһѵնһ㡣
ʱʥ峤ȫͫǰʮԶĵطһһĺ·ֿռ䣬ԼͥԺһӿռѷŲ˳
ֳֺɫǹвɱ
ʱˣˣ컯ʥӿ˵ˣ
Ȼ컯ʥ˷ͬСɣȻʥ峤Զ޷̵컯ʥӻе˼
ԭΪ컯ʥͻȻʥŵǱϵֻΪ˶Ըһ˵ЩСȴ֪ԼˣҴķǳף
ʥ峤к˸һ̣ԥȼ˾Ѫ
ʥ嶥Ѫ֮ޱǿһȼգһŻڵգΧռ䣬ȫΪʥ嶥ȼվѪó
ʥһѪԵ壬ȻԱ̣Ȼʱȴ
ΧǼǲԼͬȼ˾ѪʱѾû·ˣ
ͬʱĸʣɺԸ
ڻԪ칬ָӣԭӵָӻ֮ŵ˻֮Ѫ⣬ָӻ֮ŸǵӦ֡
ΨûӱΪһѵͷԣָӻ֮š
䣬һһҵ齢˺ѣ
ʱҲˣ
ĸķһǹɨȹʥ峤
峤˵ǿĵһĿǳڶԼʵľţ
ĹûκλڣֻǼ򵥵ֱ̣Ȼٶ̫ˣó˷Ӧļޡ
ǹâХſŴ巽һͬħ֮ӿ
ˣʥ峤ֻñһֳ־޴ĳս
һ˲䣬ʥ峤鼲ɵʯײһ
䣡
ۿɼȦһɢʥ峤һζײ֮Ҳʯһٶȵɳȥ
ѪΪȵѣ˫ȾѪеǸ󸫣Ǳҵ΢ˣһŹһ㡣

ŭҲȫѪڣֳֳǹɨǧ

ȼ˾ѪĶѪɳȥһ浹ɱ
ʥ峤ոּٷһֳ˵ľ޸ͷ­
Ȼܣְֳǹһǹ¡
һζײʥ峤ֱ۹ۣѪ
һ˵ѪɭɭĶϹǶ¶档
֮⣬һĻУͫطſ﷢龰
ǲĺɫݣһģŰɱʥ嶥ľǿߣĿɿڴ
ˣǸˣ
г𾪵Ĵ
һֻ
ڱ˴˵пһ˿ȡ


2034 Ӵ
˽ӴˣȻʥͷ֮£жΧܵԼȴҲ˵Ӱӡ
ʵ˵Ҳˣʥ壬ҲǴĻǵĲ׼˳ֵĵص㣬Էһ壬ȫû
죬ĳˣܲ
⼸£˵Ѿ棬ʮŶ֪ˡ
ըЩ޷ۿһʥ齢Ƕ񼤶Ī
Щǿڲ֮ǰողμɽʥڶŵѪս
ʥڶŵǿЩһǿչǿףǲˣеԣԽһЩֱӵ
ǵĴ룬ǵ˵جΣһǲϣͻᱻ
Ŀ¹جΡ
ȻڣЩﱻǺɫݷֱӶֱһ
ǿµĺɱЩҲʨã
οڣԵĲʥڶţеšʨš
ʨţ鱨ٵÿȻⲻԤʨŵǿܹΪʥŵĲӣۺսԲɽսʱ֮ͬ£
Ȼ죬֧һʥ峬ӣעҪֲĸ
ⳡսûгãĴ֣Ҳı䲻ʲô
ӵܽƮµıֱѹʱĴʵܿġ
ۣ
һǹ̴ʥ峤ʺ峤ҲѹյһݣʥĽҲ֯κЧĽڻԪ칬ѹ֮£Ǵӱ˱ߴ򣬱һˮ
Ԫ칬绢Ⱥ֮ŷ޴Ĺֻ֣裬һһҵ齢и
ʱҲӻԪ칬ɱЩͬɳʵѾͬնЩ޴ǿչǵĹ֮£ͬ嶯һĴ

һͷǿչޱЩ꣬СѾħЩĹǴ׾ٵľǿչ˻Եˣ
Сʮȱ£֪ܻеʥ形ӣרɱܶǿչޣһ˲ͱСҧĲӡ
ʥԽɢԽʱ򣬻Ԫ칬ķкѡһ׷ɱ䣬Ǽͷǿչʬ壬ͬʱҲ˼ʨս
ģԪ칬ϡʱʥͱˣЩд齢ޣǿ
ս֮һЩ齢гʱ󷨣˿ռѷ죬пռŲơ
׷ˡ
˰֣׷ʥĺͻԪ칬ͣҲɻ硣
ʱĺȫȾѪһսҲ˲ˣȵ˷ܣɫĴ۾Ȳı顣
ֻצӣץһֻ峤ǧǿչޣִβͻһֻСһģЩ޴оϵζ
һĻЦˡ
ԺԣЩõʳҪ֪ЩǿչȻޣҲ˵н޵Ķˣǿչеܶ޶Ҫǿ
Щ޵ʬ壬ȻҲԺʬļֵȼ硣
뵱꣬Ϊһð˶գͿЩʬļֵˡ
ѾȲһҧסһͷǿչޣʼڵеѪ⣬ǣԴ֣ĳɳкô
Ϊʳֻе޵ʳ̶ܴϾǵĳɳ
°ͣӰһЩ޵ʬ磬ЩǱȻҷ񣬵Ҳ˷ˡ
һУ˻Ԫ칬֮С
ڻԪ칬֮ŻԴʱ򣬻֮ŵѾľ֮ű֮ʵȻһ󾳽磬Ȼֱ˶á
ڣ̽һ֮ŵоųɵ߶Ѿ͸֧ˣûмʱԻָ
ûбӶ㺹ꡣ
ӹһ
Ĳ͵˵һԱڣܽʡӶսֵİʮжҲΪָӵĻ֮ţȻƻΪ㣬һЩϸڷ棬øá
л˿佱Ӳ˲ϵĺˮ¶һĵЦݣˣһսʥʥ첿嶼ʧأڼ֮ڣظԪ컯ʥӵôǰǸоеͬѰץ˼ڣѶһ
˵ţָָһڱըбش𣬱ȫԪ֮⣬мǿߡ
΢΢һЦȻҲĴ㣬Ѿǰˣʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ѶЩˣʱͻȻһתϴ֮⣬ղһ˲䣬ܵмԪ칬Ѹٿ
ˣ
ֻһ˲䣬ѾЩ˵Ϊʵȵ
࣡
һԷȻ壡
棬ȻֹһεļͬҲֻǼһЩܿƽѣ壬ǵһ
Ӱһһ˲ͳ˻Ԫ칬֮⡣
гڴĽڣͨҵ𣬼̶õйСħɡǧ˵Ϣ
ʱģĳһֻˣһŮ
֮񡣿Ŀ⣬𾴺ͳݡ
ߵ磬ʵ׵õأοд


2035 СħɵϢ
֪ͶӰЩɽϣʶһɨ̷ֱЩ˲ûбʥƣҲǼϸ
ɽжӵСӲμǰ
Ϊ׵ӹ˵
⼸Ҳ䣬ǿȻᣬǿôǵǰˡ
ɽ
һ֣пǧʱǧ꣬ҪЩ˵һЩˡ
ɽսȺʹڷܸ֪СħɵϢɣ
֮ǰʥõ鱨ȻܴȷСħɵλãȷһ㣬ǾСħɻȻʥɱܻһҪ𲻿֪ܲ
Ƕɽӣ
뵽пҵСħɡǧˣѾƽˡ
Ϊ׵˵ֻһǣڵɽ˵һţ˵һˣɽԭΪףܶ뵽ɽǵĳСӣɽķҵӣҲкڰħˣɽսʱԵʦΪָӣھжϣкܴɶȡ
ԭˡͷεǺսе壬ѾΪսλΪľӡ
˶˭ɶ룿
СħսʱУҲͳ׷ˣΪǧⳡ֮ûԱ֮ҪСħɵġ
Լ⣬룬ҲȻǸСħɵģĽܷѩͬСħһ
ͻȻɶ֣ڳһǰʶħ𣿡
һۣ˵ݣǳ˲²⣬ʶСħһ㣬Щ⣬ѵ˸ħЩϵ
ô˵СħѾܲɷˣ˸СħĹϵԶǺ¡
ֻСħɵȴֹۡ
ħˣɶ츳ҲӦͻˡипѣ֪Լĺӣʲôأ
ǧȥĺҲСˡ
СΪ׵ˣһ˵ǰĻħ䲻Ǳϵ
ʲôȻһһĶʱ
ķӦóСӵһ£Ȼ֪˸СħйϵҲû뵽˽Сħɡ
˵ɶǱϵ
ǰ֮ǰħطǱϵսʱ򣬵ʦһֱħ𽻻鱨ͬԿʥ壬ĳһ죬ħɽϵͶˣһϾǼ꣬ٺǵĳ̽鵽컯ʥӷǱϵħʧȥϵžΪˡ
Сĵ˵֮䣬һＸϵҪϵϾ͸ˣΪ岻֮ͬ䣬ӡǻ᲻ϵĸַʽ֤Լİȫʱ䳤ˣһӡǱʥػ񣬺᲻롣
ʱ䲻ϵ˴֮䴫ӡǻҲû취֪ͨԷֻԽԽϵϡ
СħɵĴʵҲɽ˸˿ƶϳġ
ĻɫѾȫ
ʱľĸооΧ¶˲併˺ܶࡣ
ǰ
ԭ˵ǰɽ͵Ļǻ˵һ룬ȴʻȥˡ
ڼɶǻʲô鱨
ͻȻƽȻȴóƽ֮£̺Ũҵɱ⣡
ûûˣϵ̫ãħһǵƲ⣬֮ǰɽ˱֮׷ˣѱĺܶϵˣֱڣǰ𡭡˻֮ţǲдϢ֮Եʦֲ˴ǰǱϵԮ
һ˵ô࣬۾һֱСĹ۲ķӦ
ǵĴӡǡ
ͻȻڣݾܾ
Ϊ׵ĳҧҧֽһݸм¼ģɽĺ룬ҲνġӡǡֻҪԼһ󣬽룬ͿԸɽϵˡ
ҪƽʱΣգĻҪľǻ򡣷ʥֻҪһ󷨣ͿԸ󷨵ķӦģɽλã⵱ȻΣգȻΪ򲿶ӣǱʱɽϵ
ڣ콫ô
֣ǼһģӰһֱû˻Ԫ칬֮С
ڰĳǱɲǼǿ󷨼תϢƿգǱֱûռ籩ʧãã֮С
򣬴۵Сۣ˺ȥСħˣǱΪȥɽһ¿͵ġ
⡭ô죿
һãȻ˵˳Ǳϵʥڶŵŵĸںܿͻһ籩̶ʥ֮սֶٶȲӰ죡
Ϊ׵ĳһйâ˸
ӡѾˣ̸ֻϻɽ׿ڱ̽鵽Ϣ
һ֣˼ٶգ෴ķ򼲷ɡ
ڷйУΨһŮԿ˵˵ϴǰħϵǳһЩ롭
˵ĻˣʵԼУҲˣ¿ڣֻΪ֤һ
¾ã˽ħˣʮҲҲһһųĻпܵһˣԭܵǸˣ
֪ˡһоȫѪҺҪˡ
ǵģؼƺˣǸǧǰʥΪתսʮ죬ƾһ֮Ϊҵһ·Ǹ˵еû
ڡˣ


2036 
ɽˣɫ֮Уȡڷ𡢺ڰħΧڻǰųı档

üĽ˸Ḷ֮́⣬óһս̣Ͷ¼ǼһЩ
սĴ󶥼𣬻лԪ칬ɱǿչ޺ʨս龰
еľڳѾеĸоˡ
𺳡ġϲãֲͬӿļ䣬ʹþ
еľ˴һӵʱ䣬ڼ¼Ĳִ٣Զںܶྰʮģף¼ĲǺ
Ⲣڳǽʱ龰ԭ
ҵս̣ĳѪڣ
ǿ˺ҧǿչޣ򶥼𣬻Ԫ칬һʥ形ӳ֧ʱ򣬺ܶ߶̲סսȭͷ˸˷ܵĹâ
ذϫ̲סһȭԼؿϣľ̫˽ˣڼǰǸʥڶŽֵ龰Ŀޱʹ޶Էȴƫƫκβ˶Էĸоذϫץ
ѹ̫õ壬ڿʤϣȻɳĳҹ֮УȴѾ⡣
ˣֱ񻰣ԣ·ûʲôǲʵֵģ
ڰħ˵ԵʵѾ·ֱʵǳԽ˶ǿ޵ݡսʵǱȵǿһЩ񣬻˲١
ճԣһͨ񶼲ˣϯĴս֮зҪá
ǽȴ棬ˣһ֮Ťתս֣
Ҳ㲻ýˣӦýǡ
Ц˵ˣû¶˷ĵЦݡ
𡭡Ѿȷˣ
ڰħ˹ӴĲ࣬Ҳϼһ棬ʱ˽ⶼֻڴź˵ѡ

¸Ż⼣߰ߵĳ϶˵һϣĽֹ¡
ȵƺСħΪɶʮ죬ôСħɵ˾ûмСħ˹ģټǺǳǹɺϵӣͲɺˣǱȻ
ûˣ
Ǹܴ漣ˣʱǧٶȳ֣ȻǴת
˵̲סսʯεķ֣ɴ˿ɼеļ
ܶӣע⵽˵ȵ̬ǵӡУΪɽ˵ָӣ˵ĵڶ䣬ۺʱʮֵ侲ټʧ̬
ǸˣôвʵܸǴת컯ʥʣжǿߡ
һĵ̲ס˵
ܹеӶţǴ棬ʱ͡ˡûмֻĴ˵֪Ϊּ츳ھʮ졣
ʷϣϵ£һ޶ټһЩ˵˵ļӹֱѾˡ
ЩһŸеޱȽ׷ΪĿŬ
ȻҲһЩţЩȴʼɣǾ彫ˣôһΪ˸һģڶҲǴһЩ˵ҰοϾԼڵӢ۴һ֮顣
īǵڶ˵еһЩĿȷ˿ֻһ䣬ôôأ
һ仰ͰѺܶ˵סˡ
Ȼ죬֪ûϢī¶һ˿֮ɫԼĸо
һ£ʱ֮ǳ
ͻȻ˵ĳ֣ʿڣȥʤʱ̣ΪһǳҪûнǾСħɵİΣ
֮ǰΪʥڶź͵ڸפɽ˸͹ȥϰѾ壬ɽȻҪӾֱǱϵˣ
ܰ٣ǶҪʮֵ
֪ǱϵôûдӡǵҪҵСħɿɲһ׵飬컯ʥӿ˼궼ûҵôҲΪ
ս棬ɽȻ˷棬ռ˶ƣǱһǿġ
ɽĽɫ𣬻齢ƿգʻǱϵ
ɽʱ컯ʥͬҲõϢ
ڶź͵ȻˣȻ齢ʵ࣬о컯ʥ鱨š
ǽʥȫ컯ʥӡ
ΪǼ¼ϢҪɽ¼Ҫϸ
ʱ컯ʥǰսͶӰĻ󲻶ϵı任һһҵʨ齢һͷһͷǿչޱɱ
ֻЩľ󣬳֮ûһ˿ʮʥ߲㽫춼ס˺š
ľ󣬿ľҲ֪컯ʥӻĴ̼
Ҫ֪ԭʥ弸ž컯ʥӵԸ˵ģӶûطͱһˮ
ǰʥѾܣһ߰컯ʥشĴ
˿̵컯ʥӣͬһеĻɽǶΪʱܱȻһֱеľ컯ʥӶȳš
ϣһֱ۵ӰУ˸ı顣
ս̵Ĵҳһ£Ψֱ컯ʥǨŭɱ
°ɣ
컯ʥͻȻ˵⣬ͷǺ뿪´
еĽ춼컯ʥӣû뵽˵ĳ
Ҳ¡
컯ʥӰ˰֣λվſ컯ʥӴʱѾ˫Ŀ죬һͷŭҰޣ˶ɵѡ
еĽǶһۣ׷˳ֻʣ컯ʥһˣսӵķ֣˸ɱ
վôĶԾ


2037 ֮ҹ
ǱϵһƬɫ֮С
һɫĹƯţڹΧΧżʮ齢
ɫ齢һɫ֮Уռ
ƣǱϵвټϲе󷨣ܶдЩ̡
Ȼν̣ʵڴʱҲֻʱˣʥĻ˵ֻǡӲд
ʥչ̺ʽʱĵص㣬վıʥҵģһɱ
ʥ彫սʽ֮ΪԡĿ꣬ѰɱḶ́ڲԣҲһһֱˣٻᱻ˵
ڣǱϵеһʥ塰ԡѾƮҡˡ
֧פأλĵĺڰһ
ܴ󣬵еĳвȴļ򵥣һŰ˱εĺʯӣѳضʵĺʯӣԱߣһſǽߵĹľܣ֮ϣźĵ伮伮ϵּΪϣܿöŵķһſĴ󴲣ǵɫڴǰĵź޵ĵ̺
ǽڶûо̫ĵ˹ǽýıɫʹķ˿ȥЩѹ֡
ĳһʱ̣ĴűƿһŮ˽صĺɫȹΨϴŵ֮ɫ
Сħɣӵˡ
һжĵģֻصСħĽŲ
ߵʯǰ£һҰӣòԵЩ롣
ûеȼ̨İĻУԾһţһһСϣ̿
ʱ䣬ںŮӵǰ˺ǿա
ǷԲͼ
ʵƬǿյͼСħӡԺУÿһǳÿһƬƣһʯ֪һ۾ܽͼġȻÿ죬Ứһʱʱ䣬רƬͼ
֪ԼڵƬ䲻̫ˣ컯ʥӵѰΧѾһС֮ڣСѾŲطˣΪһذǨȻ˿ʱ򣬱¶ķշ
ʱԽԽȣСħɲòʼĽԺ컯ʥսĿܡ
ȻһذܵսȻСħҲԴУʱ̣ҪĽǣܵøˣܴⳡƽӳ
ȻҪȫǲܵģҪһЩʱ䣬Щˣߡ
¶ˣ߶ˣսΰţⶼСħҪǵġ
ȻôţΪ֧䣬ҲΪ˵еǿߣΣٵʱ̣
ȺҪһ䣬䣬ҲֻԼ
ֻǣܣϣԼĺֻܹƬ򣬰Ȼ뿪
ԼҲϣ
ԼĺӣСħ̾һɱһ˫ˮУ֮һְ˼ڣأ
ĴеͼҹĻˣƬΧת̫ûŨܵӰ֮УСħΪԼһ裬廨ƳģζӵЧСħڳ˼б־档
ʵϣѾܾûϢˡ
ȡֻµɰСħɵ裬һԼһƵ˶档
ţСħֿʼ˼Ҫǵܶ࣬ǵˡ֧λص󷨣ҪĴЩǵĻΧԽԽСҲԽԽѿɡ
Ҫ취صĴֲ֧һʱ䣬ʱǾ͸ǺĻᱻ컯ʥҵˡ
ʱʱģСħɽӷߣƷһڲ衣
ģԼⱭ豻ˣһȴһֱ˿ķţ·滹иƵġӵһ߳һӣһ˵λҲһֻӡ
СħɵϰߣЩһֱһ˹ȴ
ʱţԭȵĲ趼ȥˣСħȴȻδ
һʱصӰͼ󷨣ҡҡͷʱȥ⣬ǿʼɡ
Ļ֮£Сħһ˶˼ĶȹⱩ֮ǰҹ
Ȼƺҹע޷ҹСħɴʯǰɫĴӡȻϢҪ㱨
źҹвĴСħɵһ˫ü΢΢о˸һֻа۾ʵϣЩһʲôϢǻϢ
컯ʥֽΧȦСǵʯʣˡ
ģһħɹĳСӱ컯ʥӷΪ˱ȫܣȷһ̣ǰ׼ɻ֮ɱˡ
ֶҩΪԵҪҩʦƣ޽µʹá
һɻ֮߻ڶ̶Ϣ֮ȥⶾҩܻɱߵĻ꺣õ˾ѻҲѲκмֵĶ
˵ˣֶҩ˻ɢ
һҵȻСħȴòΪÿһСӵĶԱ䱸Ķҩÿÿħɹҩʦһɻ֮Сħϵʱе˫ŵĶɽ
ħɹӹҩʱ̹Ȼı飬Ķ絶һʹ
Ȼûа취û㹻ʵֻˡ
ҡҡͷЩͷ׿Сħ뿪˷䣬
ħɹĴСħɵķܽʱڴΧѾмħɹĹǸڵȺˡ
Сħɵĵһ궯˶촽˵ʲôȴֹ
ʲô£
ı飬Сħü΢΢Ϊհڴ֮ųģǵСħʵ׷ߣҲħɹĹǸɡ
ʱԿڵӣСħɶʱʶոյľʲôϢ򲻻ˡ
˵ɣµģ컯ʥѾҵˡ
СħƽհһͣΧļħɹǸɶһۣ˵С㡭˼ǣˡ
հһ仰ʱСħһ飡
˼ǵСħǱϵסغӵеΨһһ
˼˼ˣЩ˶ʱϵƾӹģСħʵ
СħЩ갮ӣʥǱϵʱСħҲģҪ˼ǵľǰҵȢӣȻ컯ʥһٽΧȦССħվ޷˼ˣѣѡ뿪
򲻵ᱻ컯ʥܣ˼Ҳܸսи
뿪˼ǣεѡ£˼Ǳ컯ʥӷֵĻȻٲһѣʥһ㲻ƽû壬ʧȥһЩū
ǽ죬հı飬ȴ²ˣ


2038 İ
ӵһפ˼ǿʼ˼ҲʷݻʷУ̶̵꣬һ˲䣬ʵ΢
⼸˼ǵ˿ڴӼʮڷչڣȻڹ˼ϣдƬĻδվֻƬռһСأ˴ʮССĳС
˼֣ȡСħɶ˼
˼ϵˣ֪СħɵѻǶηϵĹ£ǽֵ
ѵĽգ컯ʥӱѹСħħ˫˫ɵĹ£ٱ飬ᷳ
Կе˼˶ԣĴ˵
ʵ˼ˣѡ뿪磬Сħ˼ػģҲǳڶСħɵľͶĳݡ
˼ǽ֮СħҲ˼ǵһƬеʱͬͬסˮ齻ڡ
˼ĳУһʥɽʥɽ֮һСħɵ˵ĵ
ÿ꣬дĳߡ
ǰʥ巢˼ǣѴ֮ͽУ˼ϵļˣʥγɲκв
ʥռ˼֮󣬵һ¾ǿ˼Ǹ
򣬱Ϊʥǡ
֣ȴ˼˵ƣ컯ʥӱ´һ
˼ǵ˵
ǰʥռһ֮󣬾ͻӶᣬͬʱɱƽ
ʥػǣϲľЩռϷһʺơ
ȻһΣ컯ʥռ˼֮󣬸ûôӦ˵мô
µǡӶ˼ǵ֣Žʮȫκ˳һ
˼ϵľµƽ޷ٹȣҪԷ
ֱϴ֮ǵʳֻڳũǻҰе
컯ʥӽһ⣬ôûܳȥˡ
е˼ˣֻܿΪա
컯ʥѹûſеķ˼ԣҪ˼ǵƽ
룬һȺ۵ˣһСĳ֮Уᷢʲô飿
Щ˵ҰԣʳＫѷ£ɼҰޣܿΪʳȥȥɱˣܻ˳˵龰
Щ컯ʥӿǺȤ顣
컯ʥӶЩĳͷǼȻйôͿڼĥ£ǵĹܳá
һһҪģ컯ʥӲȡҲΪ˱Сħɡ
Сħɵ뿪˼ǣ϶˼ߣ˼ǷЩ߶ᱨСħɵġ
ôҪСħɻ᲻ڲˡ
Ȼ컯ʥӿСħΪڵƽͲһеܳĻʹˡ
ҲеʱĳЩ˾ô
Сħɺһ㣬ЩҲûʲô컯ʥӶԣûʲôʧ˼ֻϰˡ
컯ʥѾΧȦСƬ֮УСħɳסҪͻ컯ʥӵķȥԮ˼ǵĻ컯ʥӾͻһʱõϢ
˼ϣѾ˺ܾãͳ˼ǵģ컯ʥµҹ
ҹƽ̶ɱĥ˵飬ʺ
ʵϣӵʱ򣬵ȷʮֵ˷ܡ
һһ˺һЩΪǸвααװǻָҰ޵ıԣҹϲġ
˼ȫһûе̣Ҳû򡪡ʱ䣬ָЩ˼ػĵأ
ȻʵϣķչûҹԤ
ĳʱҹΪˬǣ˼ϲûгԭԤϵĻҡٺɱ¾
Щƽ¶˼ޣǱһܱյĳ֮Уÿж˶·ϣʱ˵ȥǣȴҲֻĬĬš
żѷʺڳ֮еߣÿʬһš
Ϊ˽ʡܶһǾ
ЩڵߣץʱҪ˶ӵƴһƴãģͻϣֻҪ죬ǾͿƾԪͼٵʳȥ
żʥѲʿҫ߹ǿһЩ˳۵ߣϹһ٣˼ǵڣȴܡ
ûȥ٣û˳ˣɱˣҲ١
ƺһεԼпѵǣֻǿģִĻȥ
ǿľѾ
Ȼҹ֪ľˣǲһеġ
֣ܶ˼£ǾȻʥɽȥΰСħɵĵܺ
ŭҹ
Ҫ˼ǺףȻҪĲɱЩˣ
ʥҪͳʮ죬ǽȫ𣬶ǽȫūۣȫ
һݻˣ
ֻʣڼǰСħɵĵܣվҹµġ
ҹ´µʥʥɽ֮Ͽַ
ⱻ죬׷á
ֻҪߵĵǰСħɵĵһڿˮģͿһʮ
ܶڣϵʥɽĹ㳡ϣҷĹŨúܶվվˣϵĿǸ޷ջ
Ȼ֪õЩʳҪʲôʱǵȴ
ܶСſˮȴЩСѾƤǣЩҲǲΡΡǣû˶
ʮ˵Ĺ㳡ĵģûߵܵǰ棬ҲûȥЩԾʳ
Ͽ˪ˣڲסߵŮӣƼݵĺͯ
һľףһŵʯܣĻ棬ǾվƺҪվսᡣ
ǵ֪ѹֶڰʼһԼԼ⣬ǰ·
ǼţǵģǵĶҲģ
ǳ˼ǣʷӢ۵ǵĽǿԱɱԱԾԵڽ£ǲǲᱻܣǲᱻ
ʳ֮ʳһٽ֮ʱİǣ
ҹڳ׵ķŭˣõĥЩˣСħɻ֮б¶٣ڣʧȥġ
ȻЩˣͽĨɱ
´µÿɱһˣһֱ˼ǵȫɱ⣡
´֮󣬻ӦģĮľûЩп̫Ŀ־塣
йȻҪɱʹǿʼɣɶڸôǿˣ
ҹ˻֣ʾ¿ԿʼɱˣԼǲмɱЩģǺεȸ߹ݣɱЩ˶һֶˡ
ȻոջһɲǣܵһϢ٣Īĸо˲ȫֱ⵽ʲôͻȻúһĿһȾѪǹ⣬ؿֱֱĴ˳
Ѫҫۡ


2039 
ҹ𲻿ŵĻͷȴһĮӣһ£һ˫۾֮У·̺Ѫص
ӣ
ѾǱϵ˺ܾãԭǱϵֻҪԸ⣬һʱ֮ڣǱϵһˣɷɵһˡ
ȻǱϵףҪǱϵ˾̫ˣСħɣ컯ʥӣ롣
ңӵħʥڶź͵ŵ֮˼ڣѶ
ͨħĶЩ˵ļ䣬ѻõĽҪϸٱҶ£ѻѶʩչмơ
˳ϣҵ˼ʥľݵ㣬ʮʱ䣬Щݵ˵֮ץµĻڣħٵõµ鱨
ÿһмֵ鱨ȥ׷Ѱգһʥݵ㣬ҵ컯ʥһӡǣ
αװһΪͨ򣬵ӵħ£ҵ
ӡǣ˴󣬶Ҳ˼ǡ
ʵ˼ǵ꣬Ѿڵλˡ
˼Ǳλãɽ˶м¼ʥΪ˱˼Ǳ壬Ǳҵ컯ʥѾ֮˼ԭĹһֱɵ
룬컯ʥӵİΧȦ̫ԶҲΡ
һ컯ʥӾͿԲĥ˼ƽķʽСħ¶١
컯ʥһҲСħɻ᲻֪˼µλãΪ˼Сħɵߡ
ֻҪ컯ʥץסСħɣ컯ʥӲԳһڶ˽ǧԹһСħв
룬Сħ֮У컯ʥ֮ͬһսǻʲô龰
Ͷ֮£컯ʥӾѾڲ֮ˡ
컯ʥյĴ㣬ʵˣл֮컯ʥҲòգץסСħɣ͵ڶסߴ磬ĥˡ
컯ʥӺڴСħɺһս龰뿴Ƿŭ޵ı顣
ֻܽǧԹޡ
Ȼ컯ʥȻҵһĶԸķȴѼ鱨µʱ䣬ҵ˼ǵλá
ϧǣû˼ҵ컯ʥӣҲǴˡ
ĬĬֿסҹĲӣָҹоԼĲҪѿͻƴץס֣Ҫ顣
Ȼ̫ʵҲֲ̫ˣֳſŴǣǹ֮£ҹһǯס޷ѡ
㡭㡭
ҹѵ˵ʱеʥ߶ٴУ׷Χס𾪺Ϳ־壬󲻳ʲôˣʵǿ˵زϢĿҹһǹ̴ĻԪҲᴩʵ鱦һþ
ǹʱҹû̫ܵĳ֤ղһǹҹƿѶ١
꣡
һ죬ֱšҹĲӡ
һλǰʵ̫ˡ
ʥΪǿؿڱᴩӱšϣҹȻһûȥ
һ۾ĶӣȴѾȫ˵ˡ
һֱӽҹʥɽĹ㳡ϣҲԼСħɵܵǰ
ѾҹȫԪͨ˶硣
ۿŸղŲһʥһ岻ϵĳ鴤ڳȫס˭
㳡ϵȻƽ񣬵Ҳ֪Ǹʲôܹһһˣжǿ
ĵڶǿߵȶδһɣ
λʥɽ֮ϣվԼĵ֮ǰɢ˶
е඼ηֳݡ
һ̣Уǰ
ָָϲϲҹ𣬿ڵ˭һڿˮģͿһʮ
ƽ˵仰䵽ƽĶУȴը˹
ҹǺ޲ʳ⣬Ѫ
ڶһڿˮͿ˷ʢʳǶǼˣ
̾ƽȲǰҪҹ¿ˮһʱ䣬ʮ˵Ĺ㳡ʱҪ֮С
Ҫӵ
ֻһ仰ȴһƽĵħһʱ䣬㳡ϵʮƽһӾͰ
˾Ȼ߹ĵǰŵϳҹһڿˮЩ˾òš
һؤģͷרſȳһŨ̵ҹϡ
һ߰Сӽ⿪ӣԥĶҹͷһ
߰𣬺ʱĴһȺƽڽ£衣
ģҹ;ļ尾֮£ѾһϢˣǶѣֱȫԪ˵Ծɱһ¶ܼѡ
ƽ¹ˮ֮󣬾;ȻԼʳԭ𿴹ʳʥɵˣһɫ԰ף
ƽץ׷ڳ⣬һ֮ͻȻԵζķʳҸ
ʱҹͱˮûˡ
ʥߣɫ԰׵ĺˣҪȺ֮ʧۿҪɹʱͻȻתͷĵȥĶ
ʥߵתӣдһʥƽҪƽʣҪЮ
Ȼһ֣ı䲻ǵĽ֡
ɫǹâָⵯʸһûЩ˵壬ڱըȫ
ǵĵȥѪһء
ЩʥǿͻȻУңһ£㿪ʼ
ǵСŮҵʬҲûκκ¡
һĻĵһЦգ˼ǧʥצҪһһ壬˼ǵƽһݰݵ
ߵʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ͷأ߶ϵĻ
ǹڵϺܾöһʮһС׵½ǣԥԥ˵ղǸĴ磬ôе񡭡еأ
۵ڰĹ㳡ϸһʱ䣬ܶ˶ЩãȻ
ô
о񣬵ǲ֪ΪΣȴơ
һʱ䲻֪ʲôоȻ˵˭Ƕȷһ㡪ǵĳҹҲҪȥˣһĨԼ⣬ʼݱɲõĳϼ
㳡ϰһͻȻ˿ʼһڵŮ̫ˣƲסԼĸ飬£Ƕ˵ϣ˫棬ʧʹޣ
з򸾱һ˴ĨȥᣬȻ
սȭͷ𡭡
һ죬˼ϵȫʧ̬ȺڽֵϱܣѸǿ߻Ϣ
ôĥѣڵ˽ʱˣ
ˮʣź˷
ھĥѺ֮ͻɺʤҲûܱ侲ˡ
䵱ǿǿ֮УһʥȨ칬ݻ٣˼Ǳѹú緢Ļɽһң
壬겻࣡
˸ߺſںţںźԽԽ࣬γһɹ˳˼ǵʮ֮Уһһ쳹ʣ
һ̣˵Ķһ
ڿ񻶵Ⱥûע⵽һؤģŮӣĿ龰֮󣬽ŲҴҵǱһС֮С
߽һ䲻۲Ƶķ䣬ⷿһ󷨣¶һҡ
ڣһöһ󷨵ģһеʱ٣΢죬ƺΪ˷ܡ
Ҫ˼ǷһУǸغӵӰ񣬴ݸСħɡ
Сħ˼ϵ鱨Ա
ţͻȻֵǿߣһħޱȼ


2040 
Ǳϵİ֮УСħվ֮ͭǰԼװʱűƿˣһŮ˽
ɶáСħתͷŮǧꡣ
Сħ촽˵ʲôվ֪Ӻ˵ˡĬĬתͷһһڵ˳Լĳޡ
㻹ǾҪȥ˼ô
ǧ鸴ӵʵЩѹЩ꣬һֱСħڶ֧ţȥ֮Ķ̫ˡ
Сħɿɬҡҡͷ
˵ȥ˼ǣʵǸ컯ʥӾսǰ˼֮ǰʱ컯ʥӾͻ֪ˣ϶ڸл֮ڣٶȱǿö࣬Ȼһɱǡ߲˼ǵġ
Сħʮ컯ʥӵıʵϣ㲻ʲôıʮ׾ӵģֶζѡ
Ȼ׾ӵֶΣСħȴ޷֮ʵϣСħɾԼ޶ã컯ʥӵһսҲɱ⡣
Ȼˣô
ҵսܱȱ컯ʥһһҳһɱúһЩúľսɻѪǿգԣõĽԼ컯ʥشΪ׷ǴĻᡣ
ЩأǧùӣСħɵĺɫֿУһһţĶһ˿
Щ꣬ǧ겻ֹһεΪСħͷĵϧСħɣĽܷѩ뿪֮һֱڳһС
ԼΪʵƣΪСħɷֵ̫ˡ
㣬ȥˣ㶼ɣ컯ʥһս֮۽Σ컯ʥӶƬˡ
Сħ˵ţǧӵһӽסˡ
ҧҧ촽֪˵ʲôȥܸıʲôأֻǰװȥѣһ컯ʥӵУǺǲ롣
һЩصĻ˶ȥˡ
Сħɲµǧ˼ֻסǧ֣¶һõЦݣЦУȴ̫̫˼ǧ̲סҪ
ҲһΪСħͷˣһж֮СħɺҪһΪǰݼͲλ˰
ǧԼ죬ˮĻ䣬ʱֻ˽ĸף̡
ǧæᣬĶ˰
šǧϵΣֻľ֪ղŴŷʲôûж˵
ЩֻѾͻư벽ԭֻͨĵĽǲҪͻһ㾳磬ȻʥѾĵ£ֻʵڵȲˣǰ˴ʱͻư벽𣬿ǼֻĴﵽ벽Ҳûܸıʲôӵ𼶵սжߡ
컯ʥȴөʯ֮£̫Զˡ
ӵл֮컯ʥ̫ǿ̫ǿ֮û֮ƥУȣҲȫǶ֡
Ķʲô£Сħע⵽ֻŵһ鴫̣ȻǸոյϢˡ
ЩСħѾľˣʲôϢܱڸأ
ƺ˽˼ǴļӼ鱨
ֻ˵䣬̷ϣ֮֮гͶӰ
ЩͶӰһʼЩңǼȺ˻ϲسʳ龰Щ߿ϵԷ˵ȴϧζ
ЩСħɡǧ궼סˡ
ЩͶӰ˼ڻ龰ԭĥǣǽѹǵʥ尴ڵϱǿһڵϣѾȥˮŨ̵û˵ˣˣ֮ǰ˼鱨Աʥ˼ǵͳߡҹ
ǡ
Сħǲ˼飬һȻҵ³ƽĿˮûˣ
СħɵĵһӦǵȻˡ
Ȼܿ죬鱨֮иĽ;ͷ뷨Сħߵ˵˼ǵģһδҲ֪ӡ
£ֳֳǹˣʵֲ
սϣǸӾһƳӰ
Ӱеĺӣɫǹһȥ˼ʥĹ컯ʥӵĵ񣬼ֱƵɳǰ򵥡
ӵӰСħɵ۾ҲƲˡ
񣡣
СħɼǺ˳ޱȣֻĶһ£ӡĸ׺ôʧ̬
ôˣ
ֻвԣǽսͣ
м¼ľ󲢲Ȼ̫Զԭֻ¼˺ӴǻĳǹҲģһ֮УΪٶ̫죬Ϳ
Ӱ󷨣ܹ¼Ƶ̶ֳѾǼˡ
СħƵĶӰеӣǧҲɫͣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôһֻ̣оԼһͻȻ鶯һ£оһʲôҪĶ
̬ƣǻĺɫǹһеһУͬһӡļ䣬㾭ƾõţӷ˸ı䣬ǺܶӡڹĶȴǸı䲻˵ġ
СħǧһۣʵҲܿ϶Ȼ־ͬҲγɵĵϵ˵ģһֱӡֱ
ȻĻУǿҵ˼֮£һĨֱȴСħɺǧ꼤Ī
ȥ̹
СħЩֻһ£˵ͷ
Ƭ֮СħɵķУһͬģ롣
ôˡ
һͿս̣ϵӰ񣬿ǸֳֳǹĺӣŮж¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǡ
ס졣
ȵȵ˵
Сħһƽ飬Ľ⿪·ڵĿӣóһ׾
⴮ǧģ
ʹһεǧģм¼ӡǣֻҪСħɷǧϵ󷨣ͿѰֻҪһλ棬ֻҪû
ǧģǧҲס˺һжǴ
ֻһλˣϣ롣
ǧģֻĳ鶯һ¸ɬ촽Ȼ֪ǧĵãЩ꣬ĸһֱղĸ׺̵ķӦòǡ
ʶ˼Ŀܣֻ١
ͬķӦҲϡ
ʱСħѾָĽǧķںʯϣĶ·Ǻ¾Ρ
СħɽԼСע뵽ǧ֮С
ҡҷЩ谵Ļ֮УǧŵĹ⡣
ǧļ¼СħɺľӡǣҲֻСħܹǧġ
ʱСħɵᵽɤۣں£һжǴǧеͻȻһбʡ
ע룬ǧĵĹâǣ˵ģգĵĳȥ
ǵ˰գڽʱǴ׾ͻȻģģǳ˯˽ǧ·һģһģΥ˵


2041 
Ϊʱ̫ãǧĵѾڲƣԴֻһЩģڡ
Ȼģȴڳ˵顣
̹ĵģֻеСħҲ̲סˮ

ǧ̱˺ʯϡ
ĴǧģǸλƵˣţ
֪˶ٰ˼֪˶ĥѣԽǧʷӣƬİأܹ¶ɱ
һеĥѣһеίһ̶˹̵ᣬ
ˣ
ΪĹһеһжҪ
ҹӭ⣬޾ĺӭ˴죬ƺֻҪڣǺ䡢ڰԶȥ
磬Ļˣ
Ѿ֣ӵһ
ˮֲɣ
û֪ǵˮеװ˶١
Ǹס
ֻĿӰˮϵĸףĲ
ǸԺôԼд˲ĥӡ죬ԼǰֻȴоЩʵ
ԼԼױȵ츳
壬Ϊ֮е壬ҵ˽ĴϢ֮
ֻĴŸ׵Ĵ˵ÿһҪͷ˵һ䣬ҪúҪ㸸һĻ
Ӣۣ羴ˣҲҪ׷Ŀꡣ
Ŀٸߣ
׵һ̫ҫۣҫ۵κվߵ˶Ȼʧɫ
ΪĶӣֻһĹעڸ׵ĽҲŸѹ
Щ꣬ϵŬͿʼϴǣ۵ҩҺʹԳ뿪ȥػģɭ̽գɱ
űչصļį¶ѧϰ䣬ѧϰսѧϰɱˣÿʱÿ̶ĥԼԼû֪˶Ѫ˶ٺˮû֪˶ѹһҲȥ˵ĸס
СħǰԶֻǸĵĶӣᰲοСħɣΪСħɷֵϵѹ
Ҳֻĳ˵ҹֽó׵ĻŻԾ
Ұ˵ɽԼ˿ڡ
ҹҹУֻԽԽǿΪǣ˺ܶ׷ϵĿꡣ
ƴҲΪǱʶΪˣ˵һ䡪Ķӡ
ûݽ
죬Լĸףڻˡ
ûұøǿ
Ĺԭ漣ҲԶڴ漣
ž
ǧˣһ˿İĹҲʧˣ֮Уֻĵ
Сħһˮһ̣о£ĥѡ
ֻ⡣

ʱԶ˼ϣе˫ۡ
վɽ֮ϣƵĲƣ͹Ĵأ۽Ѿʪˡ
ʵҲСħûпǧϵģеĴӡǶѾֻмӡǵǧҵ
ǧСħϣֻСħʹãʱôãǧѾˡ
죬ǧһʹУǴ󷨣ݲСħֻڶݵʱڣԼΪý飬˵ľݸûֻоаģޱȵĸ飡
Щ飬ѾҪݵĶݸˡ
˶ڣ˶ӣСħɡǧꡢ룬˶úõġ
ǺܺãڵԼ
ǧ£븸ĸദĵһ֮⣬ʱ䣬ڶԳŹ¶
ڣҵ˼ˣǣҵĸоá
ղŵĴУѾ֪Сħӡ˸Ĵλã޾ǿ֮УƬ
ƾԼĸ֪ǿȣֻҪȷ֮ҪҵСħɲѡ
˼ǣѾɾˣڶ֮ǰ󷨷ӡ֮ûߣеʥ壬ҳˡ
ϢںܳʱڶȥʥҪһʱܷӦ֪£̽飬һҲص컯ʥӻѪϴ˼Ǳˡ
Ϊһ󷨣һСӻ֮ţʱܸԼţԼҪϹֻҪ̵ܶʱ䡣
ԽԽ죬תۼ䣬Ѿǿգ󣬻Ԫ칬תų֣Ӱû˻Ԫ칬
ϲˣҵԼļˡ
Ӻ֪ܿһУ΢Цףص컯ʥҲȻ˵ļΧˣֻҪ˵ȥ컯ʥӣ̽ȡˡ
Цˣǧʱ䣬һЦ˿
Ԫ칬ܿûգСħڷ򼲷ɶȥʱѾƼ޲̾ͻصСħɵ˵ߡ

һգڰ֮УСħɵפطˡ
Ϣûйֻ֪˼Ǵ˴ʤ̣ƺһǿǱϵܿͻǡ
ûбĵϢˣ˼ǵǾûк֮ǣõ컯ʥӵвˡ
Ҫ֪˼ǵˣһЩħɹǧ˿ƵĹϵеǵˡ
죬СħɺͿʼϴ磬ȥսף˻ĺɫȹͷһ˿ǧ˿ĵ𣬲˷˵ķ
ĴСħɣͬϵ˶
ͬôģǧŮͭױʱŮΪüݣ֮ǰ˼ͳڵĿս֮УѾǵöãûĴԼˡ
ŮϸϸΪԷ飬һ΢бúõķ
ǺܿĵһУѾҸ
ϴ֮СħɷԸȥ磬Ϊӷ硣
Ȼϯ׼һ룬פصͻȻĲСħһ̧ͷͼһɫĳǱƿգΡΡɽһ㣬ʡ
еħɹӣǱһʱա
ʱСħѾٸнˮۿдתɫǱѾ任ӣҲһϳǻԪ칬
꣬·УСħɺڤƣͶ·صʱ򣬾ڻԪ칬֮УСħɹ׿˼Լһн˽СħɶԣԪ칬̫Ҫ塣
ʱ˿̣Σ֮ĵСħɶôҵľ
Ԫ칬ͣȣСħѾѣֱɶ𣬶ԶԶģѾһվڻԪ칬̨ϣ΢ЦſԼ
İǿУǷӣ緱һ˫Ŀ׿Ⱥʣһ̣Ļ桭


2042 Ѫ
Сħ֮ǧꡢȫ˻Ԫ칬
̨֮ϣŮӣǧС
˽Ļӵһһ̣еĥѣίеʹ࣬˼˳ҵĸ飬ͬȼա
û˵ҲҪΪǵѾһǿĸܵ˴ĵÿһָ顣
СħɡǧꡢˮǵѾһܲɷ֣
ӵ˺þãķֿϸΪÿһŮӲȥ۽ǵΣܿˡ
ŮᣬǧЩ꣬ɶóŹġ
ţ֪
ĸСħɵգΪԼ壬Լͱ϶ѾȥСħԼһˣδĺ棬ƬĴأԻʥ壬ܵһп֪
뵱꣬ǸаŹ־СŮģɻصļ䣬ǸʱСħɣôҸҲô֡
һߵ죬Ůһżϣ𣬳ˣת䣬ޱȵϧ
ǣСħɵ֣ţСħɵĶͷڣһжġ
һ仰СħɵĶУСħһʹ纣һӿ
ǵģۺʱεأôѣֻҪڣļΪԼ֧һƬա
·һڤӵ׷ɱ
·Ըδĺӣ컯ʥӵбŭħʼ𡭡
֮ǰƽ٣ľ𶼸оѾϣʱ򡭡
޷˵ȥһУһ¶ıӰĬĬȥܣļĥѣգ漣ȥıһС
һһεĲܣ񻰡
һԶԼվˡ
Сħ֪ԼԶ벻ˣÿһ缡ÿһѪҺ꣬ȫȫ
ǧڻУǵǵĺԭŮӦ½磬ӵȻ׳Ҳ÷۵ǽʥĴս粨֮УǧĹ¶оԼԲǣѾ¶ģŮܵκ˺
롭
ͷĸѾȥȻԼڸĸʱ̣һֱػߣǺЦգ뵽Ҳûмĸһ棬Ȼеź
룬㳤ˡ
ʱǧ꣬ڶ˵һģһĻ
һ˵仰طǣ뼼ѹȺۣժùڵʱ
ʱ绪ï毺ãഺ˵ϵĳ졣
һΣ˵ģȴɱ䡣
ǧĥѣǵˣҲɳ
磬Һܺá
ץ֣ıסһоС
öòŷֿ뿴촽ᶯ硭֪ĸôЩ棬ûлܴ᷵½Ҳûмǡ
̾Ϣһҡͷһϸ˵
Ŀ⣬һ·ʲôĵͷʵʳ仰ʱԼµˣĸܻôá
ʱֻġ
ֻĵĵһֻۣܴϸܵѪϵûСħǧ˵ܲµԼĺӡ
ͻȻֻһʱЩн
ֻĶԣ׾еҲݣ𾴵ˣʱ븸׼棬ࡣ
һ³ۣǰһĹǰһݡ
ֻģס
һݣ˫ֻֽķһ̸ֻܵ˸ϵ
Ӧ˵Ƿѹ
ǱֻļκһͷĹ޶ǿľɽһѹϡ
ֻһʱܸ׵ѹ֪ǸԼ
ǣ
ֻĵ壬Ѿǽڵı
СħɿһЩģûֹ
ֻţͷϸܵĺ飬գӲĿֱۣվ
ã˵һ֣ɡ
ʥ֣ǧꡢԣǵĿܵһĥѣһ˺
ȻֻģԼĶ˵ȴĥ£
ûԼߣǧֻĳɳʲôӣڴ
ϣʵ
˵仰ֻȻû뵽Լ׵ĵһμ棬˵ĻҪԼʵ
仰Ҳֻ˷
Լһ羴ĸ׽֣Ҳڴġ
ջ͸Ӵܣ
СħЩԹֻȻǿǴһɳڣȱ˸
ֻһͷɳСǣ¶
ļǿǿʵҲܴСħϣ֮ܺúùػһֻġ
ػֻĵķʽȴȫͬ
Ҹ״ɣ
ֻŹâСħɿֻĵ۾΢΢һʱֻ롭
ֻ츳׿ԽȻûȴκ˶Ŭ
ҪԼĳɾӮ˵Ͽɺͳޡ
û˸׵ٹ⣡
˵ĳ޼޷׿˵ĳȣ죬ֻıҪӸ׿Уõ׵Ŀ϶

Ϣħɹˡ
ûȥԼݣΪ֪Լų֮󣬲ʥ壬壬ŲµݣȥҲ˶ˡ
Ȼ˵֮УһȺˣôԾħɹ˼ˡ
ȷϽͻȻеĺɫǱ칬ʱħɹˣ
˼ǣħɹԣ֣̫壡
Ȼ֪ڲǰ˼ǣҵ˼ǵĹУһ֮ʥ֮֮ǰ˻֮źħɹӵķ˼㣡
ʥ׷ɱ˼ʮ壬̫ʤˡ
ܹһصӡһĴʤԸȥȡ

Ǹߺ֣һһͬˣصڹ֮䡣
ǻȸԾǱ档
ǵӢۻˣΪ忪棬ʱʥڣѾ׻ɱȻܹħɹɱǱϵִ磡
ǻҰУǿĵһĨǳտ
ܶ˾ۼڻԪ칬ǰ棬ߺֺ͡岻ࡱĿںţ֡
ָ磬ħɹĵǶ㡣Сħ˵
֪ոոž۲õĵһЦվԪ칬Ĺ㳡ȥ


2043 
֣ħɹĵǸӷǷĵź쳹
ΣѵʱҪӢۣҪ
ˣܴǴȥ𣿡
Ⱥ֮зʡ
һ仰ڳħɹǰ࣬ûȥصܹˣ
ˣĿƵĿʱǵ۾ŨҵĿ
λ
ϻԪ칬㳡ǰǽڣħɹӣ档
˶һʱ䣬ԭֵĹ㳡ȫİ
֪ʮǰһδô
һ仰ʳڳ߶Щ㶣ǱΪ˵ʲôпĻȴû뵽һ仰
֪ܶ˸ش
ܺáⳡ٣Ҳ֪֪ĴűǸƺ˼ǰһ޼ʵǣԶĺɫƣĬ˺þãŻڵʮǰһԱǿʥ壬۷ʱĻģԼʥʥʵ̫ûʤ㣬˼ά۹⿴ǻᱻ𣬱ūۣȻһսӮˣ֪ƾʲô𣿡
һ䷴ʣܶЩãȻȻ֪ʮǰ٣Ȼʱ̫Զˣϵʱܶ𣬺ܶʷѾʧֻ֪սʿӮһսϸڲǺ
һʮ죬ӵԼĽӵȨӵɣôҪôӵǿʵҪôӵԼѪԣһѪԣƾǵѪ۳ɵģΪ϶ս
ʮǰ֪ʵʥо޴࣬ȴûеӣڷ̨ޣʥʥΪΪȫԱʥɱգ켸ʮԸȼԼɴ󣬷ӡ֮꣡
һս𡢽ʥˣ˥䣬жϾҪٷչҪ֪ŬȻһУֵˣΪǱȫˡϣ
һһٵ˵һ仰һʱ䣬ȫѻȸʮħɹӻվڹ㳡ϣǿУǶϵı羴¡
ΪЩǰǲūһĻţǿԼõģԼĽֻһ죬·չһдͷȻչһβõʱʥ壬ȴһˣһΣŸҰģ
һһʮ죬ǵͷӣ컯ʥʣҪΪһ壬ʮľԽѻ嵱Ķ֣࣬˵ʯǵģʿս֮ǰҪιһǰ࣬ιĲݡ
̹Ȼ˵Щڳħɹˣʱܶ˴ŴϵѪܶ¡ˣƺҪȻΪվڸ̨ϣȴ˵ǳڶ𾴡
ĬʮϢʱ䣬ͻȻʵ뵱ιĲô

һɤӸߺղʮϢĳĬɱˡ
ǣ
˳λεĴӣ۵Ķײ
ƴˣ
ȥģܹˣ
ߣѪԵģ屻ѹôãԼ壬ѾʱǸըҩͰһȼ
Ҳ룡˵ǵǰǷ𣻻ԼԸɶħҲҪʥսĻԪΪ˴ٶ꣬Ϊʱ徫Լˡкܶ࣬Ǹֵ֪𡢽ʥиΪ͵ߣƽŻǽ찲ȻվѵΪȥιĲݣ
ǳ˱Ĺ¶ģΪ飬ɱĥ¡Ѫԡ򡭡
ǵı죬ΪޡؾһߡǾǣ壡Ҫؼң
˵Ȼߣǰеħɹսʿͬһ㱬
Ҫؼң
ɱ򣡡
ʥ幷
겻࣡
һĺ쳹һѪԱȼǿԴ漣
ڣ޾ĵɽЩ˵ǰҲԥĳȥ
һֻѪԵĶ飬ǻᱬױȵսսʤǿʮĵˣ
糱ˮһźһӵʱ䶼һսʿǵıֱָʡ
ҲŮˣԼӣʧʹޣ
ҪȥսҲҪ
ܺãôʱ֮󣬸ǡɱȥ
һ֣ħɹǸоԼҪըˣʱǰҲҪȥǴ򱬣
ЩˣѾȲɻסʼʰҩװףΪս׼
һ̶ܵˡ
컯ʥΣ㲻Уսѣ
ָ磬⡭Сħû뵽һ˵˿µЧ
ԭħɹĵȻѪԣȥײ컯ʥӵĻȴвɱĿ־壬ϾʵĲ̫ˡ
ҪȥԸ컯ʥӣ
СħʵԭˣСħɾŤתս֣컯ʥӳԴСħΪӳ飬һЩֶΡıջ컯ʥӣû뵽ħɹżӵʱ䣬Ҫֱʱ컯ʥײ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱͳִ̫ˣұΪٳΪϴϯٿ컯ʥӵ顣
СħȻóִ٣һлΪޱΡ
ϯôǼϴ磬칦磡еľƲ˶׼ˣս칦


2044 컯
Ǳϵ컯ʥ
һλ컯ʥ˵ķ֮У컯ʥüڴ֮ϡ
еܷ꣬Դ֪ŵϢ
һ棬ܸԾһݺݵĲڽ£֫书ιģ˲컯ʥüħ
һ棬컯ʥֲ֪ĵʲôɱĵģҪ֪ǧǰһս컯ʥϾʥΪôҪӮˡ
Ȼ컯ʥΪʱ򣬽ˡ
ʮʱ򶼴ӣһΣ컯ʥѹ֪ĵϸûеòСˡ
컯ʥרѼй鱨ΪսӰ컯ʥӶһһо
ʵܹʥڶţ컯ʥӲ̫ġ
Ĵ󶥼ֵʱֳʵʵһ컯ʥҲ£Ҫ֪Ļ֮λ񼶵ģ֮Ȼ컯ʥӵΪƣܹӵۿۣҲҪչֳʵǿ
֮⣬컯ʥӻ컯ʥĵϵ򳡣һ֧ƾţ
컯ʥĵǣʰ֮ŵģ
֮ʥǧͨٴټʥʥǶıӵʦȻ컯ʥӸӲϣ òϣǸʥҲӡ
һ֧֮ʵᱶɱκһǿߵĻ֮ӣһҹ֮øɸɾʥͨʥȻûһ˻
£̫ˡ
컯ʥӲ²ûóĵƣ֮ţŵˡ
ңսʥڶŵĶʱǺɫǱȻʥ齢Ĺǳֲһ㣬컯ʥӷǳˣѵа֣
컯ʥ뵽ǧǰ̹ˣΪǹƾ컯ʥӺܽǺɫǱӵ̶ֳȡ
о˺ܾúɫǱĹȴҲԷֱЩ̺ķ
Ҳ޹컯ʥⷽΪΪϵ޷ȫʥ£ûԪ칬ʥ齢龰ᱻ¼
ЩΣ컯ʥܹܴзֱڻĵϢˣϾ컯ʥԼƿǿһ߻֮
һܹƿػ֮Ѫܾͻᱩ¶
컯ʥӵ֪һĶӡ
ɲҪġ
ֻԻ֮ŵΪý飬ע뵽Ԫ칬ͲӡĴ֮Уټ޷ʥ䷨ӡ
գ۲ӡͨķֻԼ߷򣬶컯ʥܹ˵ģһ컯ʥҪ͸ı󣬷ЩԴʲôǾ̫ˡ
ͺñúտһˮľͷտһˮֻˮжϳˮľͷյģúյģһ
ʥӵ£ˡ
һεεŮӶʳĵرɵʳ
Ȼ컯ʥȴûʲôθڣЩİڰ֣㡭ȥ֪ͨҹӿжͿʼǣһǧУҿСħСƤǲôģ
컯ʥѾʧȥˣоĵƣָֻץסСħˡ
ǣ
Ůӹˣ׼ȥҹˣӡÿӵĺĻܣʥפ˼ϵĲҲֻҹһӡ
ҹɱˣӡûʹãʥڶ֪ҹʵѾˡ
ŮȥֻһСʹҴһˡ
ôˣ컯ʥüܿԽĴ󷨵úһûɻô졣
ʥӵ£ղǵĳ򲿶Ӵ鱨˵Ƿ形ӳǵķǼɶħɹ
ʲô
컯ʥһдϲ
СƤڳסˣ
컯ʥӴǵ̤䣬ֱ´֮ϣͿСħħɹӵͶӰΪĽӣħɹģ
ħɹƬռѾ޷пռŲơ
ȺҪɳĿռ䣬Ҫʱ㹻ץס֧߰˴ˣ

컯ʥӴЦЦʮ⡣
㣬úõһ컯ʥ¶ЦѾܾòŮɫƳУľɫŮ̫࣬ѾľΨСħɣ컯ʥȴޱȿѹϺݺݵ
һϵŮӣҪֱĽ׺ݵĶбܣ뵱СħɣȫȫйĶ

컯ʥѾȲˡ
ʥľѵأ컯ʥȫ׼óֻ˲һӵʱ䡣
Ϊ˱컯ʥӽܴľȫˡ
һ֧ӴľӣҲ컯ʥĵϵӣ
컯ʥʥ嵱֮ĵһĵϵӣҪʥһ֧ţǿöࡣ
ʥڶ֣Զ컯ʥĵϵӡ
ûַţ֣컯ʥģ컯š
컯Ȼûл֮ôպգӵеʥǿȴţëһ׹
컯ɱ˲࣬Ƕԣȴһ壡
칬֮κһ֧ײ컯ţҲֻĶӡ
ƾţټ컯ʥӺͻ֮⼸ʥռˣ
һ֧ӣƺƵĿ֮ƶɢˣ
֮УǾ޴ĻģչžһĿ´֣˴ױȵѹȸУ
СħɣŰɣ
ڻѪŢı棬컯ʥ

ʱǿһħɹҲڼо
еħɹӶսڣ
ʵ֪һսǵʵԱ컯ţѻʯݣš
ٴδ漣֪ⳡսǶʧأ
ǲɱģǿҲס컯ʥˣѵһ˶Ը컯ţ
֪ˣǶγûһü
սʿŷڵѪһһһڳ
ҪҲúң
սʿԴʱѾαװͨ齢ĻԪ칬֮Уڸֻսš

һֻĻֱӱˡ
ֻڵϴ˼صײǽϣվ˺Լõ䣬ͬԱһĶ
ǸӶˣΪѹսƴľս뷨
Ϊֹֻһֻ֣̫ˡ
ǡǡСħ죬߽һֱˣһҪսˣǲ״̬ȴУ̫Ϸ˰ɣ


2045 
СħɣȻʧЦ˵û£ǽΪѹƵڣҲѹƵŶݼǰţĲģҲˡ
ֻĵѪǿޱȣѹΪ£վű򣬶¡
͵սǰˡСħɫ̫ãʼ硣
СħЦڣ컯ʥӣʥǿ컯ţҲɵ
һ֧еˣǸСħһ·ƴɱģҳϵսʿ
죬컯ʥӶԾԱԼǿʮĵˣȼڵս⡣
һУǵҫǹѪԣгڶΡ
ȻȻСħɿɲľôˣϣԼ׷ǾܶĴǶɰˡ
ţ֪ˡ
Сħɵ뷨ʾֻĲҪˣʱͻȻһܵԼ꺣л֮ļ¶
μ¶֮ŵʱ򣬻Ҫǿ
ַӦʣֻһֿˣ
ôˣеСħע⵽쳣
û¡
˰֣߳ң˻Ԫ칬㳡
Ԫ칬Ѿαװħɹ콢컯ʥԭͶԻԪ칬û̫ӡ󣬼ϲӡαװ֮£ϳ
ܶħɹߣ֪֮߳Ҳ齢ƽ̨֮ϣȴ
һһվñֱ
֧ӣ̺һׯ£Ѫƣ
ٹһǿܾҪʥƾӡ컯Žˣʲô룿
΢ЦʵٽĴս˵ĶһңȴЦʱúܶսʿЩۡĵһӢۣʱ̸Ц
֮УȾǸңɳһ㡣
ǸˣߣӺ
ɱһɱ׬ˣҧҲҪʥԴҧ
˭˭ǣ
һƦģ˴ֵĺȻ仰ʱע⵽վԱߵСħֺ˪
ʱӣĿ˵˭˭ث֣
ЦˣǺѾ׼ˣ
ƨǵɽ͹ֵҲüͷһµ
󺺳ŲӺǻеĴ󵶣ԴʾԼηľġ
ǻ˼Ǻȥսǡȥɱ
ͻһ䷴ʣڳǶһ£֮ǰΪսǰԱΪǱѹֵ̫ãǻҩͰһһըڸ컯ţŷɥĵӲӲǶͷ­Ѫ׼ںܶ˿Ȼġ
ضһҵսһ˾ܶԸ컯ʥҲһ컯ŵɲǳصģЩˣͱħɹǿʮ
ЩǿֵĵˣҪԸҪסǿУΪԸ컯ʥӶȡʱ䡣
˶ȻΪս͸ô򣬽Խʿʿ
ǿУܻȫûɺηȥս٣Ǹûпǡ
ҪǡѪԺϣ
ֱһʣܶ˲Щѵⳡʵ޴սת
ܣϵԮ
뵽ܶ˵˼
һӵսľűرʣǣĲʿƥ򣡺ȡֻǱɵ˵ľҫ̸ʣʱ̣ǶҪ׷ԼҪļֵ
ÿһ˶һ㣬ôǾͻң
Ļһʱúܶսʿ侲
һѪľźܿ£ȻһѪܹ侲ľž͸ˡ
ʱ˰ǹ
ˡ
һƳ֮ͬһ㴫ǿա
ڣ˸͸λдһʱ׼֮Ǿͻ컯ʱҺ
һ㣡
ĻڳħɹӶȻһ֮ǰ˵һҪ֣ȴȫûϵһȻộ
ٶԼλá
أСħɼæ˵
ҾС˵ţ̤˻Ԫ칬
һʱ伫ΪݣʵϻûһʱĲӾͿԶǺѹѹ컯ˣ
һҵ齢һ칬ݣͬһΰ
֧Ϊ׵ģһ޴ѪɫԲŴִĴ֣ͬǳ
Ȼǻ֮ڻ֮һ࣬һɫ
ҲлĵһС籡ԪΧΧŽɫĹ֣컯ʥ鱦ɹ
ɹƽʱʥ죬컯ʥһ
ǳƺ컯ʥһҲϰ컯ʥָɼĿˣ˵ʥĵرꡣ
컯ʥʣӵл֮ѾôҪ컯ʥսˣ컯ʥͬҲã컯ʥ컯콢
ڸʻ컯ʥģǾŸ֣ǿµսݵӳ
ħɹ컯ʱ򣬲˵ʵľ޴࣬ϣ컯Ѿѹħɹ߶Աȣһ׳һӤ
ɶ޲ɼ㻹ˡ컯ʥӾվڻĵѪ֮ϣĴЦͬһĿħɹĽӡ
ڻԪ칬֮УСħҧߺ޵Ŀ칬֮컯ʥӡ
ȻԸףһ˾͹ˣҳǿսΪľȷһʧѾûаֻᣬҲʧģԹ־ܰɣʦڵĶԸ㣬Ҳ֪ˣ
컯ʥ˵ͻȻһ֣ռ䣡
һ֮컯ʥΪףʮʥ齢⣬ЩգһƬ޴Ĺϵɢγһ޴Ľ磬ԲĿռˡ
Ĵǻ컯ʥ󷨣ǳܲףҷһҲҪ
֮һ齢ͻƣħɹ齢ϻȻ컯ʥȻġ
ϲôɶҸ׼Ϊץס㣬ҿɷѿģܿͻףΪʲôôץˣȼ죬Ҿͻһϲ
Ҫʶ㣬Ϳ齵ңҵŮūÿúõ̷ңҾһܡ
컯ʥЦţʱħɹ콢˻ӦСħɵࡪ
ɵƣ򵥵֣컯ʥɫһ
𣬡Ҫʶ㣬Ϳ齵ңҵһһܲˣĹҿ˶ġ
Сħԣ컯ʥ¶Цܺãԭһ㲻ڽУһȺȻˣҾͷˣ콢ңĽǣɱǸƬײһҪŹ


2046 VSʥ
ȷСħڣ컯ʥ¶
ʱ컯ʥӵһ£컯Ŷһ֧жǿľӣһ齢չħɹĽӰΧ
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ֻڷ棬齢սԶܸȣټϹ޷ǰ㼯УʵвԣǱҪһ㡣
ϹԣƺôҲѴﵽ񼶵ĸ߶ȡ
ȻɱҲĹ齢Ⱥ˵ȷǻԵĴ
ŵ˵컯㹻ʱ׼սȺһ䣬ͿԴݻħɹ齢
ȫѹʽʵࡣ
컯ʥΪ׵ʥ齢սȺʱСħҲɫ΢䣬˭ôֲȻ
ʱŰǹһԪ칬ȥ
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žˡСħһοһ̣Ѿ߳˴š
ɶ컯ŵĻһԺǵôҪģ֮ǰҲǹģֻץס֮ҲŻۿţ֮»ҷ𣡡
컯ʥӴЦţʱ򣬴ǳһĻѾٳ˹ħɹ콢ֱɹȥ
;޴ĻĶԣԪ칬αװ콢ͻǰСȫɱ
ȻڻĵļʮѾƴʱ컯ʥǰ齢ͻȻͷųɫ⣬˼ı仯ʼߣ䳤մ͵齢һɫݡ
һĻ컯ʥȻһʲô
齢εĸı䣬жȻһɲԤУĿһֳֳǹӴɫл߳
һɫսףü罣˫Ŀ
ʱֳֳǹɭȻǹֱָ컯ʥӵüġ
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컯ʥӵɫһʱüΪѿʱѾָǧǰò¶ò£
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컯ʥǳ鶯ɫԽԽвɱ
һǿ׷ɱ֮ǰɨڶź͵ȫ֮ţ죬Ǵô컯ʥӿЦǧǰһսĳ裬죬˸ĻᣬȻĶԾҡ֮ã죬ҾҪ㵽ƾʲôɣ
컯ʥһ𣬻ĵļʮѪɫһͬĳìһ˷
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컯ʥӼ˻Ͳջػ֮Ѫ⣬Ҳȥղһ֮£û˲жԼͷųȥһŻ֮Ѫ⣬Ż֮Ѫס컯ŵսȺȷɱһա
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һ˲䣬컯ʥ컯ʥΪ׵սȺʼܾ׼֮⣡
ֵǣ壡ڻǰħɹ
ħɹһһֳ־޴սӳ齢֮⣬һͷľޣߺţʥĽӣ
Ǵ֮ųţҲħɹ֣
ŵѪɫս֮ϣħɹı־һֻԡĺɫˣ
ڷˣСħɵѪԡ
ɱ
Ǹˣ
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ħɹľ˻ţʼܲķ棬ֱӳ嵽˱֮ѪΧ˵ģԪ칬ǰǵĽӣػԪ칬ĸǣ
ֱ֮ŵĹҲȫ
ǵĹҪȻ֮ŵս˲֪٣ʱû˺£ûˣη
֮飬Ҳԣ
컯ʥӷмЦչž޴Ѫ֣Щħɹֱ
Ϊ׵Ǹֳս꣬Ի֮ʵֻҪһͿɽ࣡
ս죬һӵͱ־쵹ˣʿǴ

֮ƲɵǵصϯǾ޴ѹΧĿռ䣬˸ܶܡ
ֳսɫһ䣬صһɲǣȻתþȫս˳ȥսХѵͻƿռķ˲Զһ֡
˿첻ܵ
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þѪ֮춯صһ仰ħɹӵʿͬɽһ緢
Ϊ壡
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ΪħɹҪѪȾǿյʱȻ֮䣬ԶŰ˻Ԫ칬Ļ֮ѪУҲһѪ֣
Ѫ֣컯ʥһִԲ˼ٶȣᴩգӭ컯ʥӵһ
䣡
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ǶβԼĴ֣ϵ˻Ԫ칬ϡôܣ
Ļ֮Ѫ⣬Ȼӻ֣ô
컯ʥȫɵˡ
ʱŰԪ칬Ļ֮Ѫ⻺ѿУγһͨ
һֳֳǹĺͨ߳һͷƮɢһ˿ݸ㣬ǷȫԨ󺣡
վ˻֮Ѫı棬ͷ·ھ֮ϵľս
µѪ⣬¡γһŸߵԲ̨ӳָоǻ֮Ѫھηħһӣ
龰Ī˵컯ʥӺ컯ţħɹĵҲȫˣ
⵽ô£
˵һ㡣Ŀڣǹֱָ컯ʥӡ֮䣬ĶԾҲһĶ֣ǣ㣬㣬䣡
侲쳹ħɹҲ컯ţ
컯ʥӽһĶֻ֣ǽ컯ʥӵҪԽĿ֮һҲˣڣ˫ɱ֮컯ʥӣֻ˵ĵˣǶ֣


2047 Ѥ

Ļ컯ʥӵɫѾѿ˼㣡
Ķ֣ȴֻǽһС󣬵棬ļ̤
ⴥ컯ʥӵ񾭣
ʱǿգʮʥħɹǣڹעǶˡ
㣬䡱֣ص˵Ķߣ컯ŵ߱ŭͬʱѪڡ
ʲôǰʲôǽ
Ѱ˵ǵĻֻὫɷӣĿ˵仰ױȵ
һüʹ֮У
ս
ħɹĵһ𷢳춯صź쳹
һ̣ħɹӵʿѾﵽ˼㣡
ȥɣ컯ʥһǽڷžı죬忪ʼθߣĹǼףʥѪԱƻ֮Ѫ⣬컯ӿԼﵽǿ
ŭ컯ʥӣһɲȼ˾Ѫӻ֮Уӿ˼ʮѪ֣еĴ֣ҫҫ۵âֱ
ʱһ̫컯ʥǰƺҪЩ˺ѣ
⾪춯صһȴֻһ£֮Ѫ⼤
ӵеĻ֮ѪޣݻɽĴ֣Ƿֳһٶӭ컯ʥӵʱÿһɴֱֻа˺ϱĴϸ
컯ʥӵĹԣӭֱֵһᣡ
ۣ
еϸ֣ȫЩֵĴϣһ˲䣬ԭԤеĸֵĴѹϸֵĳ沢ûг֣෴ģЩԭ컯ʥӿƵĻַ֮׷ͣסˣ
ǱߴߣЩֿʼ鴤
ʱǾ㵵ķ֣ЩϸĴ֣ѪĶһ㣬˱ִеѪ⣡
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СΧϲ񣬵ǴΧɱȴԽĿһ
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ˢ
ĴӺڶֱħɹ齢ӣ
ڹ̫ˣ˹Ŀռ䣬ټԭƬվͱˣħɹĽӸ޷ܣ
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ʵһ̣컯ʥӲôҲ֮ܲ⣬ʱ˿̣ľע˻֮֮УĨɱ컯ʥʵľӡǣȡ֮һܿС£ؼ£Ѿ˿ȨĻ֮ѪҲᱻ
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Ϊ֪УҲõһ
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ʱ£һѾ˵Ļ֮Ѫѿˣڻ֮Ѫ֮УĻԪ칬һеĺڹ⣡
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ˣ֮ͬţȼջ֮Ѫ⾫ȫһ֮£컯Ŀⱻѹˣ
컯ŷ⿪ʼˣԽԽ죡
գһϯž춯صĿӲѹ֮⣬컯ŵӪ

컯ʥĿѣһ컯ŵļʮʥ߶ð

˷ĲҽУ˳齢ǿӣ˵ת齢ҪƬǿա
Ȼһеͽ͵ģ̫ˣе齢ߵķٶȣοƬռ䶼Ѿ컯Լˡ
Ը
䣡
컯бâһУҰʲôˡ
֮ǰΪ˲սȺ֮⣬컯ŵ齢ʮֽܣֱӸǴ˳׵Ļ
ƬƬʥ齢Уֱ˷ĩһмû¡
齢ըϯڿֲ籩бըѤõ
컯ţһι֮ʧ̫ˡ
ԶԶ컯ʥӿһУĶڲ֪һ̣컯ţ֧ʥ֮ʦѾˣ


2048 ʥĩ·
֮⣬֮ͬһĿ±ըԭ֮ŲµķǷһ˺ѣԶǿտѤõ⣬̫ըһҫۡ
ɢ˺ɫƣʹһƬ򱻳״ݻ٣ҲʹЩ⴫øԶ
ʥ֮ʦ컯ű˺ˣʣ齢һ붼컯ʥԭλڹģȻΪ鱦ȴǿ֧컯ʥԱ߷Բ֮ڵ齢ȫҷ
ЩԶõ齢Ҳڸղŵıըжˣս
ʵϣĻжʿĴԭ컯ͬͻɽԵʵƵ춨Ǳʤһ֧޾κζֵĿ¾ӡ
Ȼղһȴǵĸ߰ĳ׵ķ顣
ǰˣܵó׵ף
ǼʱħһӣҲַη塣̫ˣսʤ
ʿԣ˳֮ĵʥԣʿȴ죡
ղһκĹѪڣ
ԭȼ˾Ѫ߱ӦΪѪ͸֧ƣʱΪһʤе߶Ѿ
ֵǣ尡
ħɹĽǿţоʿǿʳĶһ㣬һӵϡ
Եħɹս߾٣սŵĺڷǻ˹ָŭľӣͬһѼ⵶һ㣬컯ţ
ʥĵһţʱͻɽһħɹ죬һʱɾ
ղŵıըѾٵǵͣǸΪսҲҪİԭսȺĲãԽǿ齢Խսģеֵ
֮ŵĹ֮ⱬʱмЩ齢׵壬ڸղŵıըлˡ
ЩԶģԱ齢Ҫܶ࣬˵ղһУͻٵ컯Žķ֮ʵ
⼤䣬ը⣬ħɹݿ࣬컯Žڽڰˡ
ʱսһߣµĻ֮Ѫ⣬컯ʥӵĻ֮Ȼһ𣬴Ļ֮Ѫ⾫µŻ֮ѪԴԴϵɵ
ʱ˿̣컯ʥӵɫѾѿ˼㡣
ɡƻ֮Ѫ⾫Щ֮Ѫ컯ʥʵľӡҲûã
컯ʥӲ֪ô쵽ģѾҪˣΪѾ˾·
ɲʦΪΪƵһ⻯Ұļ컯ʥԼȫͽܣԣ˲Ӱˡ
Դʱ˿̣컯ʥѾûκεơ
Ӧ˵ӵеνƶԶһ塣
һ̣컯ʥӸܵľ
о֮ѪľһһԼѪ⣡
һеͽ˸˶ȻĿԼѪҺţȴֻܵѪɶ
ֵȴķʽץ
컯ʥӷˣԼľע뵽ĵڣҪĵĿȨ
ȻֻǸոմһɲǣ컯ʥɫ԰ףıǿףѾѪ
֮ľ̫ˣ
ҹؼ컯ʥӵľͲܿƻ֮ǿ컯ʥʵľӡǣܼӵĿƻģӵл֮ȣǸûпɱԣ
컯ʥӴһӻĵһԾ
ֳһؽնһɲǣ컯ʥȫ籡˽ɫԪ·һֽ컯ʥӵȼա
˵ϢҲһ˲䷢˸ı䣬Χǿ޾ǹⶼһ˲Ť컯ʥӻۣԪʳеľ컯ʥӳߡ
컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡컯񹦡һʩչͿԶ컯ҲǶߴǧ
ͨ컯񹦡ˣԽתɱǿС
컯ʥӵġ컯񹦡Ѿߵľ磬һʩչһ޷컯ʥǰ㣬ΪصͨᱻжϣԪᱻ컯ʥҰĶߣ
ҲֻжܹǿӦʩչ컯񹦡컯ʥӡ
Ȼ˵ǰ㣡
˵Ĳ࣡
컯ʥӶֵһ˲䣬ҲˣȴԼµĻĶˣ
ʮѪֱֱ컯ʥӶ
컯ʥ˫ĿѪ죬ġ컯񹦡еԪҪӻӶԪȴǲܣ
ڼĲࡣ
⼸ʮ֮ͻҳ壬Ȼķ֣ϣܷ֮ӳԶԶǿԼ
ÿһ֣֮ǻˣӵԼ˼룬ӵԼĸ֪໥ϣÿһιȱ
컯ʥʮιվһιʱٶһһѪصĳ˺󱳣
ۣ
컯ʥһѪֱӵɳȥ
ʱ컯ʥг裬ԼĻ֮ȻӶˣԸԼ
ʥפʥļţõĵȴȻ⼸ű׻
컯ţʥ֮ʦΧСħɣ컯߽⣡
ʼգ컯ʥûĸֹһֱվû𲽵ƿػ֮
컯ʥӳȴֻû֮Ը
֮ǰ˵ģûн컯ʥӵɶ֡
衢ܡʱ̣컯ʥӽˣȫľѪѾȼյ˼£ȻƾιӭģֻһѪ֣
Щ޾նǣǻܺܿ쳤ЩϵĴ֣±ĵıˣǴĹ
ԽԽĻ֮ѪⱻգԸ컯ʥӵĻ֮ԽԽ֣ԽԽܼ
컯ʥѾȾѪ飬СС˿ڲ
ĶԽԽٻ֪ԼѾıԵ
ʱ̣컯ʥǷһ˿ЦһζȫʣԪȫ֫ٺЩͬڵҽ
Ա
кâһ컯ʥԸԣ컯ʥӻкܴüֵ
ݣ
һƾ֮ͬһüԲ˼ٶȹᴩ컯ʥӵʶ
һɲǣԭ컯ʥӾۼȻһͣһͣٵ˲䣬һִĻֱ֮ɶһڽ컯ʥҧסˣ
ۣ
һ˲䣬һϸϸС컯ʥӵ壬̰ˮһʼ컯ʥӵѪȫ
컯ʥ˫Ŀͻͣһ̣Ѿˡ
ʱ̣оˣû֮
ƿػ֮ôãû֪֮˶ȻΪ˻֮ʳһķ̣
ڻĵ֮£컯ʥӵɱȥƤһݣ˿
ʱ򣬻֮Ѫ䶯Ѿ˷˵컯ʥӣͽ˻Ԫ칬


2049 컯Ұ
컯ʥӱ֮컯ųˣ
ʥʼȱǷƣⲢ˵ʥѪԲ壬Ϊʥ岢ûдʱ̣棬ֻΪԣֻΪ˵õô컯ʥ֮ʥžͿʼˣ
Ȼӵƿһ鱦컯ʥ
͵鱦ټôѣ
׷
´ȻʵħɹĵѾ׷˳ȥ
ʥǷɻһһɢ˷ߡ
ʵʣʥҲҪħɹ齢Ҫ࣬ȻǿҲֻ׷һѡ׷ģȻ컯ʥ
ʣµʥ形ӣˣֻҪ룬ǾͻпռŲƣԼ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ʱͻȻһǿյһһ֧Լٶȷ˹
ӵĿ࣬Ȼٶȼ죬ȻǾ
⽢һ֣㽻֯һƬƬʥʥ齢١
Ԯ
΢΢һ֪һǸղŴըеҫ⣬ģֻҪһֱźԶҲܲµһĨⲻ󣬺οлзϢȻ֪Ǳ˴ս
ԮħɹĽлʥͬԭϱ׷ϵһ㣬Ų·
һһҵ齢սֵĽѾˡ
Ҳ׷컯ʥ
İǿձ£׷컯ʥһĻͬһֻ޴ڲʳһ㡣
ʮѪֽ컯ʥѪ컯ʥУ컯ʥûˣ
ĿʼǿѪʱΪĵƿߣĸܵѪȺͿ񱩣û£ĵѪֻɵıܣԽɣԽǿ
ɵĶ㹻࣬ԷѣݻֱһΥ
ԭ⣬Խǿ壬ǵķܾԽѣܶǿ嶼Ψһġ
ǿ̫ĻǾͻΪԵףƻƽ⡣
ǻȴƺΥһ֪ĵķûƣûƵĻ㹻ʱ䣬ķͻĳʮ죬ʮ춼̵
ۣľ
ǰ֣ͻȻʶĳЩܣһһ̣Ѿ˻Ԫ칬֮С
ȻսѾȴк֮ܶ࣬ûüȫ
ָ磡
Сħ죬ᴭϢţһǻ컯ŵ˷ܣҲСħ֮ǰ֮ͬһ𹥻Ĺ¡ܿƻģ
Сħɺʵʳ仰ʱ򣬺ܶħɹҲҲǵʡ
ЦЦ˵һϸ˵еҪ
˵䣬Ӱһһ֮Уңһȫɱ˿ӣ컯ʥӡ
յ컯ʥӣĸߴ󣬼࣬üĿһעһǱֳ츳һ㱻˴ӵš
Ϊ֣ʥ壬ܶŮ֪컯ʥӺޱȣŮ˶أȴԸ컯ʥꡣ
ڣ컯ʥӱȫѪ֮Ѿˡ
ʱ컯ʥӸоˣȻȴûзӦ˫Ŀնſˮһʬһ㡣
һ̣컯ʥӵѾˣҰģĸ߰ȫķ飬δף⸱ҵģڣ
̧֣һɫ帡ġ
ڹӨӨҫ컯ʥӵϣ컯ʥƤ΢΢˶ħ
ӵк컯ʥӣģĸӦħĳ֣ʶʲôȴ϶
ЩҪˣϤʲôкã
ЦţɳƵ˵ɱҡ
Ը
һ֣컯ʥӵֱӻƬħ֮С
һ̣컯ʥӳȥϵֽ䡢ѾʧȥѪ֮ʬ壬ֻǵһö򣬾ͽ仯ɻҽˡ
һѾħռ䡣
ڵʹħԽԽֱһĶЩƬ̺ļ䣬Ҫǡ
ԣ컯ʥӵļҪҪĶܶ࣬Ҫľǡ컯񹦡
ֽ׶Ķ־컯ʥʣ컯񹦡컯ʥʵǿ죬ƺһ׶񹦷
ڵĹѾ㹻ˣ޷ʥ䷨߷򣬾㹻ˣûоҲûбҪѧһš컯񹦡
ǣѧϰҲҪ˽⣬ν֪֪ˣսڣҪҵ컯񹦡㡣
컯ʥѾΪԡ컯񹦡˽Ѿǳ̣ļУ컯񹦡һʮء
컯ʥԼھأ֪ǰʮһصݡ
ĵʮأֻ컯ʥʲ
׹ȷʵǶ񼶣顷͡ʥ䡷ּĹֻǲһѡ
컯ʥʣƺδܽ׹Բ
Ҳ˵׹컯ʥԭõϹŴС
컯ʥӵļ֮У컯񹦡̫ŽżĴ˭ȴѾ֪
컯ʥʵõ컯񹦡֮ʱ䣬мԼ⣬׹˸Ľ
ܶһɵģѧϰʥ䡷͡顷ҲǼԼת⣬Ľںϣ۷ѧѾȫͬˡ
һһĶ컯񹦡ݣԽԽľ컯񹦡˽⣬ܹ컯֮
ν컯Ȼʩչһľ
Ȼ˽еķ֮ԭеǸͷԽԽԽԽ϶
ͷ֣컯񹦡֮ĺƣ
ʲôɣȴעѪ⡣
컯񹦡֮ǽϵĻ
һɲǣоз컯ʥʶԡ컯񹦡ĸĽǲһģ
Ѫ⣬塣
֮档
ͬޡʥ䡷͡顷ϵ·߾ǲıϣ
ڿ컯ʥҪߵ·Ұ̫ˣҪɵķ£ԽԽ·ˣ
뵽һȻ
ձȻҪԻ֣
ɣ󣬵컯ʥѾɽеµʱʥǲҲŹ
һ˵Ǹ̶ȣôˡ
Ȼ컯ʥʲֹͣĽŲȻΪҰģ
Ľɳ֮£컯ʥ̶ȣ˾Ե֮⣬Ѿûʲôܹˡ


2050 ɷָ
ħռʱѾء
Ҫ֪컯ʥֻеĵ֮һѣһ컯ʥʣͽְڵô
컯ʥʿΨһĵǻۣʲôأ
ۣɱʥ
ǧǰʥڻҪһЩۣٳˣȻȴʥȻܾˣ룬Ǽֱ飬Ϊڻۻ컯ʥʿڵʱ壬ֻһöССӶѣĩյĴ٣ǿȴֻһӡ
ڻʥһԻȴĬˣ˼оǰ
̾ʲô
̾ˡ

һֻ˻ķɶ֪꣬ǰ棬ȴɲһеĳ֮СңҲһֻɶꡣ

ȥһطҲػ磬һȥ꣬ԶⳡٵУһУɵ顭ôʵʱҾ֪⼸ǲܵġ
ҽ˵Ļɡ

һһĻ룬˼ţ˼նƮ׷ɱ󣬱ʥתƵһǣȡԼıԴ֮뿪ʱ˵
ɣʥԼĹ£ΪۣĹƺ˱顣
ɼȻվѡ
ֻ֪е龿ʲô
ָ磬ôˣ
Сħɿ쳣ҡҡͷûʲôһЩ¡ЩĻʲô
֮ǰСħɡǧꡢ֮󣬵컯ʥӴս֮ʱʱ䣬ԼЩľ˵˳СħҲ֪ʥͻ۵顣
Сħûм⣬˵ˡ
һ£ղŵһ֧٣ǺսǿԮˣǱϵСħɣ
Щ꣬ǹͬǣ컯ʥӣʵСħɶԣҪһЩοСħ߻ֻģǱϵȻǹʮּˡ
رǾͲ̫Զ˱ը⣬
ͻ𡣡
СħͻȻ˵΢΢һǧ߰ʵЩˡ
ҲΪٽ٣úܶųɳø죬ⳡƽٳȥߴҲԽԽǿ
ɳƽٶ߶ǵŶԣȴǳɳ̨
룬óֽ֮еһɽ˵Ĵӡǣʱžˡ
ʥЩɿѾıȻ˵˷ʱ򣬵٣Ѿ컯ʥʱչؽ֮ǰʥԿˡ
һһ㣬ͨ壬õһЩĽܷѩϢСħɵ˵Ľܷѩ뿪ˣȥСħҲ֪СҲĽܷѩˡ
ҲЩ֪Ľܷѩȥ
ߣħɹפء˵

ħɹһĴУһĿӴ̤룬󻹸һȺսʿЩսʿ۾ж¶֮ɫ
ӣǺصļϣҾ֪Сûôģǧˣڻˣã̫ˣ̫ˣ
˵֣鼤ޱȣ
꣬翪ʼע𣬵ʱҲֻǾ󱲲ɳʶȻû뵽ԶԶĵ͹ڣѾתսֵ漣
˭뵽ǸںЩܹ꣬ΪشӢۡ
ǰ
Ҳʮֵļ֪ʥȫʱΪ˱֤ľܹ򣬰ȫִ棬ε£ǰԹʥ塣
֮һԺʵи㲻ǿܵһս䣬ϾصһҲ֪֮
ڣúõվĵĸˡ
ǰˣСӣڿӢˣο㣬Ҳһǳ˵ġ
ǰһ˵ǰһʥ֣Σ
ҡҡͷ˵˽Ҳ֮࣬ǰһϢңָʾӦԽսҲ˳Լս
Ŷǰָʾʲô
ܼ򵥣һ̡֡Ҫʥͻλսķʽʱ䣬ڿǵȵתЦţĳ֣ȷʵתˡ
εսҲֻǴ֪κʵԱȣƮ֮䣬˭Ҳκβ˭ȴвСƣҪǲųɾʱ޵ķ߶ȣйĿƣǿ󣬵ڻ꺣;ȽϾͨ깥ΣǳԿ֮ǰοռ䣬סˣԸƮԲǿһж
ҲΪƮƴȼվѪĻ㿴οռĻȴɿƿοռˡ
һԭҲһжʲôأڿá
β㵣ģҸʶһǧ֪꣬ģҸҲμӹһĴ֮һһ̽գǴ漣Ҹ֮䣬ͺñȡ˵΢΢һ٣˼һ£Ц˵ñгһǲƣϣƺûʲôǲܵģгտʵţʵʵңͷʵǲû죬
ӼЦûͣǧˣδЦ˿
ˣ˵ˣǳȥܶ˶żأ
֪ͨȣͨյĴӡ֪ͨ䣬ڲʱܶǱϵ
ʱħɹ֮Ѿ˴ͨսʿһʥǿߣһЩвսֻǴ侳С
֣ЩսʿǷˡ
Σѵʱ̣սʿǼߵ䣬Ǽսʿеļ֡
࣡棡
֪˭һںţţǲԼͬĺ
࣡棡
һ˳ͬХߣǸߺſµĳ
սʿ۸ߺ鲻ԽľǵŮϲӵһ̣˵Ķһһ
ˣͨսʿӽ죬ЩԪƳѾ˷ֻվħɹ̨ϣɣʱ˿̣ǶɱⱻȾǸеȫѪĸߺУļʣǼ֡
ĸеΣ֮ʱǰδеŽѪԣ
һ̣Ҳ̲סᣬĸеԼԶ壬ҲΪսˡͥҲ֮У䲻ɷָ


2051 ʦǱ
컯֮һµʱˣ
ɽˣøϢ⼸ƻ֮šʥ컯ŵһϵкҵս˳ȥ
Ĵʤһսɱ컯ʥӣʥ֮ʦʿƵ˼㡣
Щ죬˷ܵһʦǱ
壬ټǱϵʦ
ȻĻԻս֮⣬δ飬һֶû˵ǻʦǱȴúܶ˶оˣ崵˷Žǣʦı־
ʦ򣡣
Ƕôһ仰
̼ǵá
ͬʦո֮գҼĪ˸֮顣
ִ
۶ԣǶԣΪǿһУ
ʱƣǱϵ۵ԽԽ࣬𽥱Ȩģһս֮״һȷģĵĶȨ
˹ʱĸһãٿһ߻顣
ⳡĵߣȫӵսˣȡڷ𡢺гա¡ڰħͨ޺۵ȵȣȫϯ
ⳡƶģ巴ļƻ
컯ʥӻ꺣еõļ䣬컯ʥɻűľԪϵҪķѴʱ䣬üǧ궼пܡ
ڼ䣬һ;ֹͻȫ컯ʥʶԣʵϵشʧĻ컯ʥʻԳ٣Ԫ֮£пܡ
֮컯ʥʳϴ񣬶ͦĻֻõĺô
Ҫʱ컯ʥʱչ֮ʱʥشĴ
һ˵컯ʥʲһеĳˣҲǻָ֮ǰĴص״̬ѡ
컯ʥǿҲһ˾塣
θӵ棬һһɢֿÿһ컯ʥû£Ҫһ˰һһҳɱǲ֪Ҫöʱ䡣
һʹ̥Ǿһַͨǿһط컯ʥһӶҲ
ĴǣЩʱڣ컯ʥʵӥȮצÿһʥδȫһ֡
ϣһֱҪƾΪ䣬βڵʱȫȨ쵼Ĵս
Ȼȴܾˡ
ķӦú۾һɣСӣʱͲҪƴˣ壬ѾﵽʢΣ㲻˭
Ȼҡͷлλǰ񰮣ĲʺʵкܶҪȻԴӷ򣬵ǼҲζⳡսдӮʥ壬컯ʥʲⳡսͲᣬҡǵĵҲδֻʥ塭
˵ţȴڳȻһѵЩһֱԹۣǴ֮
˿һʥ岻µ壬˵Ǿ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷҲˡֱԣǵľսȡ˶ô۵սʵʥԣǶҡ컯ʥӡʥ˲˽ӵпƻ֮Ѫı죬ҴǴֲȫ컯źͻ֮ţƻԻ͵սҲʲôҪʥͻ壬ǽһֿܣǾ嵱Уһܹ컯ʥʺͻ࿹
һ˵ڳöǳĬˡ
˵ûʵڳҲȻʶĲԸȥ컯ʥʰˡ
ƶļƻĲҲʮʿʵ컯ʥʣһжǾˮ¡
컯ʥ̫ǿˣ֪䣬һЩǿѾʧȥ붼Ը롣
ȳƬ̣˵˵ĶԣǻҪ飬ͽǰɣ飬仹Ҫ֣ʿ
ã
һڴӦ
ⳡ߻ö˽
Ϊľ䣬ûڵ£ϻʵߵȨȻսƿؾȨģȴԵȡڰħͨΪףټһЩӰߵɵ߾ίԱᡣ
λ巴սǸƶˣһЩҪ
սҲμˣһὫ֮ź컯ʥ¸ǡ
˵ţ΢΢һиҪ飿
ţ֤ԼһЩ룬ڴ֮ǰҵиʵҴͻ𣡡
˵ӰѾ۳ΣʵϴƮѪʱѾͻˣȵڣȻΪ˻֮Ѫ⾫
Ի֮Ķħֲ֮Լڶħ֮Ĳ㣬֮ħ֮ôһʵᷢʵı仯
Ҫ𣡡
Ĵ㣬ȡڰħ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
ڳһָյǱϵõˣ֪ľΪ
ķ̫أߵ֮·ǸĴͳϵྶͥǴ˿ľ磬ǻΪѾˡ
ûǶĿɿڴû컯ʥӺ컯ţôģǻ˵ã
̫ˣЦ͸ǲʥˣ
ЦЦ˵𣬿Ҫչؼµʱ䣬ڼ䣬Ʈ»ˣǾΪʣأΪֻϵ컯ʥʣԼͽڲ˵ġ
ӡաа£һƣڣǴƵʱˣҪʱԳֲڵĻ֮Ѫ⣬ɡ


2052 
Ǳϵ󷨸һƬǿգĿڤڻ֮ѪС
˿̣Ѿ֮ȫʵ̫ӴˣѾҪʹָƿÿһ֣ҪʱӦ
⻹ǿƿ˻֮еĽ컯ʥӣ컯ʥʵľӡƻ֮ԼΪλʵĻģҲֻܽ䷢ӵ޵жѡ
ڻĵѪ⺣Уȫƿһ񼶵Ļ֮ĸܵ˻ĵĿֲֻһѪ⣬ڲȴޱӵķٲȻһħԵ硣
УѪ񱩵ϢÿһƳѪħӰޡ
ͬʱʳ磬ɵֺ롣
Щ֮ѪЩǻγɣȴģǧ򻯵ķ򣬹ǰѪȶֹ龰
ⷨĺ󣬲ϵĹۿѰңĸ֪һ˲Ϳӹǧķ֮ЩµķһۣѰһ
֪ǿ󣬿ǻ⼸ʮɵķʵ̫̫࣬ξ͸֧ⷱ޾ҵһͬѰ
ʣƺǹ⣬ģ־ɫʣλá
һ˲䣬һ۾ֳ˷ܵĹâ
оһ̣ԼڵѪΪħ٣ȫѪϸüġȵһŸλͻȻĸоһ
ˣ
΢΢ͣǻ֮ϵ֮۳ɵʮ߷֮
Լնʲôأ
ֻ̺Сֵֻ֮ʱ˻֮Уλ컯ʥʵĿ֮¡
ֻٵõ˻֮壬ĽϵΪһ¡
ʮǰ̫ʱʥնһֱۣڣֱ۽ӻȥ
ɣ̫壬ˣпܱڻĵڡ
̫Ϊû䣬Ϊ޷ܣⶼԨħйء
ǰûеһʱնϾ漰ʮߴڣͿ١
ڵҪֲķվ̫ǿˡ
ԣһͻ
ڣۻѾ㹻ǧʱ䣬תޣһĴθҪ̤һˣ
ģں֮Уһһ߸ǰ֮ħһԺ޾ݣʱš
ж߷ڣܹħںϣγɻﵽгв˼Ч
Ҳޱȵ飬ҪﵽгںϣʧȥƽĿܣһƿزãǾ߻ħ³
ɱ
ҲҪС
֮ѪڻɵעڣѪڣ
ѪħΪһƥѪɫɱ˹ȥ
Ȼ壬ɫȾǽԡѪص֮С
ûмȥЩħ֮֮ħ֮Ӧ
ν֮ԪԪԪںϡ
֮ħ֮˵ףһѡ
¡
ӵĶ٣ǿı־ԵͬΪȼ
߶ʵĺԽߵˣͬȼ£սҲԽǿ
Ʒиеͣˡ
ķѾվ۷壬ʥ䡷롶顷ںϣ˵ǹŽδУ
棬ҲҪħ֮ںϣһδ߹ĵ·
ģڵĶħ֮ԽԽ࣬ʼպ
һɹɵĴԴԴ֮ǣ
Щʶǻľڣÿһƶ
ԽԽ࣬ѾȫѪ죬ÿһë׵жһɺɫĶħ֮Ѫڡ
Щ̫ǿղýѿ
һɹɵĿ񱩳УƤѪƬһ䣬ЩѪ⣬еȴڰһ˲ͻһɺɫڣģҲֻѵƤѡ
Σڲϵĳţһ졢졭һ¡¡
֪αչҪã֮Ѫ̺Ķħ̫֮ǿˣҪ㹻ʱգҴﵽͣһḶ́мɲðء
ôʱ䣬㹻ܶ£
Ʈˡ
úͻȻ
ʵϣʼչ֮Ǳϵ䣬һֱڵȴƮĵϾΪȫʦǱϵλѾǰ빫ˡ
ټѾѹϺüˣƮˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣƮˣҲһˣĸߴȫûͷͽëͷ­ˮһ㾧Ө͸
ƽʱȫ˸ŵģǿѹĹԣڣЩȴ˲٣ζһʱĺܴ
εһսʮֳ

ȡڰħͨͬʱ˵һɫʮѿ
ǶˣǾۼǱϵʵʵ΢ˡ
弫Ƚŵʱ̣ԶٶŤ
һɫȹŮŲֳ߳һɫ񽣣ֻźɫĳŮ߳ڡ
ŮӣȳһΣ
Ҳˣʥ壬


2053
εĳ֣Ʈһ⡣
ΣȻôòŻص档
ʮʵ̫ˣٶٿ죬ҲԷеķʽԽһ档
Ҫ䴩󣬱ռŲơ
ʩչռŲƵʱ򣬲Ҫʱ䣬һܱ;˴ϣҲս״̬޷ɡ
ȻκβƮȻƮʩչռŲƣȴʲôѵĵ顣
ֱƮЭƳοռǣ֮£ƮŵʩչռŲƣա
εȻƮ棬ĸ֪ѾƮ𣬾κƮһ׷һӣ;мν֡
ټһ˻ǣƣ˼µʱ䣬ǿص档
ʱƮΣĺܴˡ
ʱͻȻǱϵ棬һӱø
ȵˣƮ˪֮ǰǿģڷɶݵʱͨʥ鱨ִ˽һЩϢ֪Ѿʼ۵ǱϵҲû뵽λ۾Ȼ˳ףղ֪ԵһɨǱϵ۵дʮλˣм𣬸ǲȫˡ
Σ׷ôãһֱ׷ҵģ׷ˣȲҪҽôôڣǾٴһɣ
Ʈ˵ţëƮɢγһεٵչ
ٶȼ죬ת˲串˰򣬽ȫ֣
ڣѳһǱϵսԣһѣ
ʱƮǺޱϣѾɭɱ⣡
鲻ôãҲöˣĵԪҲûʲôҲһսбҲδأ
Цţȫ籡˴ɫԪͬȼյĽ棬βĴʱ䣬οռ䣬ѹûδսһΪջķйһᣡ
ƮķӦü֮ϢĴ͸Ϊ㣬ѾڶݵĴУӵ֪ϢⱾ˸еϲ飬Ȼû뵽ͻȻݱ䵽һ
ｻֵĻ롣
أ
Ʈ·ھԨĻǱƲˣ
ͽƮ֪
һʼ֪ϢƮ𾪣ǧǰѾɱˡ
ȻʵǰƮϸһ鵱Լɱľóһޱ𾪣ЩηĽۣǾǣһˣò˼ַԼҪĻֶΣƭԼ
ɱģֻһƵѣȴǾ˭һ
ʣ˵ʵԼ֮ϣݶԷʩչַȻǾͨ;ľ֣һ˵ݾͺ֮ˡ
;ûܱȵϻ壬Ȼм񣬰·һۣȻЩûһƭԼƺĳЩܵģ֪״ߣĳЩŵģӰǰڻ֪ϹĻ
ôֻʮˣ
Ʈ֪ΪʲôҪһ֮ѵΪʥΪô
ɽۻ⵹ǺĽͣȻΪ˹ۻһͷͻ۾ͲΪô
ƮţȴҲ˲ȥˡ
ΪסԼ⻯𣬻ͽ֪ˡ
ѪϴǱϵ
ৡ
ʱһһ㱡ڷٴǱϵΧǳС齢ǽƮ˿
һĻЦΣΪƾͿԵסңƻǱȱףοˣ
˫۱أȻɱڣҵͽҲҪΪһ˵
ͱˣԿƣƺսһ
ʱ򣬵ǰһ˵λĪΪաаɱӦõģ͸óΪ˵ľǾ͸ùͷΪ˵֮̾·һǷǵͽ˺͸أ
ԵȵĻƮûκηӦ
ޱ˵սԭûжԴֻɱҺɱ㣬ɱǵˣɱ쾭壬ôɱҲ
սȷʵûжԴԹҲǳܿܣôҪ˵ǣաа£Ƕûúúõġ
һ˵Ʈһһţ
ϵĺȴ˿ûл⣬
Ʈɵ˵ȻԴˣȶȻܾǸǲܵģһǿȫԷǣ㣿
вңƮĽȫƮƮµѹ͸õڵϡ
΢΢üͬʱɰȻв̸ϣֻͽܻģҪˣȻҲҪ

ʵȻδս鱨ҲôæֻǴ֪ĳ֣սֳһЩת
Ҫ˵ΪʮһţҵӹƮ׷ɱ꣬ͷۣ
ڱչء
չأ
ͻ𣡡ûκǿǵʥᵣͻ֮ʵﵽ񼶣λ಻Ƕ֣ڶǰԾ󻼵˼ֻίλİͽڴͣλܹﾲĵȴˡ
˵ⷬʱȴЦ˵ʲôͻ֮ʵ֮ϣ಻Ƕ֣̫Цˣ
ĳ
֮Ĳʵ̫ⲻھϵĲ࣬츳ϵĲࡣ
ĸǾ˽ܣ֮ʱѾ붥ֺܾöܣǺ˵ƥˣһֱĳɾ֮˵ƥЩɾѾõĴڣ˵ƫġ
Щʱһ츳ͬ츳ͬΪ˭˵Խս
ĳƮ뵽ȴࡣ
΢΢˵㲻ҪüûãǱϵչذɣ
ȱտڲȷʵǱϵչأ֮ǰȰһ֮أƮѰѶȣһƮɥĲҲκβ
Ȼȴûôģôܸո壬Լѿǣն͵أ
ţƮ𲻻óȻ֣漰ԭ򡭡


2054 
㲻شҲûʲô֪޿֣
Ʈ˵У̺һ˿ŭоѡǱϵչͻֽӵʰǶȨƣ
Ȼ֮ǰǾһܵĿǣľ
һԼոټ
Ʈѡʱ֣Ҫŵֵֵã
һƮ֣ӱȻᱻɱɥʧԼעȫѪİͽһ£ҹؼǡƮ͸˵һɱô
ǧǰֻһʥʵֵһᣬƮΪӡǣԽ˼׷ɱȴҲʧˡ
Ȼǻ۳ֽˣƮԣϵĺܴ
ΪȻɹ׷ɱʧˣڣԼȷɹϮɱѵܳɹ
ڵΪ𣬶ڳɾ֮ǰŴ漣תʥս֣Ѿһ׶Ըˡ
һƮǱϵսҪɱĽӣɱʮҲѡ
Ҫɱȴס
˵˼ѲңһԱݻڹؼʱ̣ƮɣԸʮҲᱣȫģζԣ¡
ûɱͻƾ磬ڳ׵غ
ȾԣδɾͲǾƥԼҲòڲԶĽȻܳԽԼ
һɳƮʳ𣬵ʱΣԤˡ
ɱ徫Ӣܲ𣬵ǵȴûɱĻǺγܵ
˵ף컯ʥҲϵĽϣûе˸ݵĵز
׼ǲ֣޿֡
һСˣƮȻﲻˬǷ˵ûɱҲûɱպа£һ·ҲİƮˡ
ΪУһƽ·
ôˣΪҲҪˡ
ƮĬѾڵɱȻܾôˣô˵ȥοûпء
еȰɣ
ƮޱĿȣжԵҲһ˿΢΢ľ㵣Ѿѹ̵ʱˣȻ˵ǶԷ治ɫԼ˵һ֣ͲͬѰˡ
ȲĻش
ãȻǱϵ𣬹ĵҵҺξٵ£չɣ
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ëɢȳһղȻֵ򶨣ʵϣѾ߶Ƚ
һµĶûסƮҪﶯֵĻǺ롣
ܲסʧ
Ʈôˣ
ȫûϵԭ߰ƮʦڵĴһɱģȻôˡ
ѾȷƽΣҪѪϴǱϵƮüë΢΢һ̧Ԫʵ
ȻȴƮĻ˲ͬѰǱ֮⡣
Ʈ⻰ʲô˼ѵǴⳡս
ûô˵ƮҡͷֻڵǰͬˣҲӦⳡʥĴսɲΪʥ巢չȥչ˵ⳡսͲΪʥģǸˣҪʵԼҰģһóȷʵˣŲˡ
սַһЩ仯أһսδĽгأ
Ʈķʣһ£üϢʱ䣬ŷӦƮָʲôٶۣû뵽ƮȻ뷨
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Ҳ̫Сˣʦ׷ɱһڱչأδͻСˣԷ涼ûȥֱ˳Ц
Щܻ˵
ƮĬˣòϣ˵Ĳ޵˿ȫԼ񾭹Ҳǻ֮
Ը񾭹ҲԸΪδֵĺôԼһδµĵˡ
ƮҪֳ֣Ҳ
һô֣ˣƮһ˳һ˸˲ʲôˡ
˵ôûƮĻԷһοռ䣬һˣȫֵĻ˵ڻþи˷򣬵ʱһʯٰ㹥Ǿͱȱ˶һٱˡ
ˣһʲôʱ򣬶⣬ֻ˵Ϊǧǰ׷ɱʧܣܵ˴Żηηβ
ˣǸʱ׷ɱһ㻳ǻ۵ĿûаͭĹϵô꣬һΪһչصСˣ裡
˵ѾŭɶˣҪǾ͵ȰɣʱҵҪ֮Σ
ƮⷬԻԪеģת˲˵꣬תߣ˲ûںɫС
Ʈ΢΢Ĭһۣһ䣬廯һƬ߲ʵë׷ʧˡ
ֱʧȲųһǸһֱɳ
ǰȿΣ䣬Ϊǰ
Ȼ칬飡μ򵥵˵ӰһѾɽ칬


2055 Ϊ
ʱڻĵڣ緢һУȫ֪
Ѿʱ䣬ңһС
Ѿµʱ䣬ӻ֮Ѫ⾫֮Уȡħ֮ϵգϵ
һϴУɺѪ
ʱͷħ֮ڴۣγ̫һת֣ͻͣһڷ·һֲ顣
ͬʱ󣬸ֳһ޴ĺɫӰ
ɫӰ֮ƺ֮ϣϸȴܴϣҵӰӡ
ͶӰӴƽ룬ȫɽӿ

Ȼ˫Ŀü֮䣬һâֱʡ
ʱ˿̣磬Ȼһɴĳ£ѿһɷ϶
һɲǣڵİħ֮кȥ
ԭħ֮Ѿѹ£һЩ߶ѹħ֮ըǳƾǿƥϵĴӲĽڣ޷й
ǽԼۣ˼µʱһȫй磬һɲǣǧһ˴̣죬
ǳ磬˲˸̨ħɢͬ棬ʼ˴˳ɱ
ԳǺӵľΪսһݻ籩Գܡ
һǾ޴Ӱһ˲롣
ķȫӰ֮УͬʱҺɫħתţѹһС
Уתħƺܹѹһз򣬳ޱȣ·һ罵١
㾡ȫ֮£磬γһޱ΢Ľڵ㣬֯һķƣԴԴ𵴣ƫеĽǶħ֮뿪
ȻӰΪģһȥ˴˽ڡ
ʱţڳõѹ֮£һƶħ֮ʼ֮ںϡ
ЩȫӰգģӰԽԽʵ
һʼǳϵϣֻģҵһЩӰӣԽԽ죬ϸʵĺɫսף˫Ŀͷ˺ɫĳ
ԽԽٲȻ޴Ļ
١ףıķ棬ֻȴкܴĲͬ
Ϊһ࣬ȻЦӵи顣
ȻӰȴûκθ飬·ΪۻףǱ
Ӱȫʵһ̣ͻȻ˱֮ħ֮һεķҲӡ
űĵطԽԽ࣬Ļ硣
ҲҪġ
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ħ֮һҲǳ׶Ȼȴһը֮Уȫںϣ໥ãϳⷱ޾硣
νĵһһ
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ҪģЧ汬һδưдƷԵ漣
Ҳ⼫֮Ŀգʵȷޱȵľ
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ǵģķӡȴɢ˻С
ЩӡԽԽ࣬еĺڰͬڶеĹͬա
һЩħ֮˴˳ɢҲڱһƬ嫶ޱȾ޴ĺɻ硣
ģһ浮ʱɡ
Уֻһɹںҫ۵ַӡھ
ģƬƬӡƬĹӡƵĻתﵽһĺг
˲Ϣ䣬ӿһӴƥĹ֮
Ļ翪ʼķɽγɣ̲޾ĺ죬ľˮҲﵽĺгһж˷츲صı仯
һ̣ſ˫ۣΧؾԪԴԴкȥ
˫Ŀ䣬ҫ۵ĹâҫţſںϢȣʣ쳤Хصʣ羪¡
˿ΡɽߣʵѾޱȵӴ˫Ŀͫʷ·ңâҫ򱳸ɢޱȿֲϢ
һ綼ڲҫ۵Ӱ±ӳ޹⡣·ﳼֻı
Ϊ˿Ϊ𡪡
𾳣
ɾһ˲䣬ԭõĽͱȫ忪һʱ䣬Ҵ֮쳹ʣ
ֲ⣬ɢƣҫĽӡ
ˣ齢֮У齢֮⣬һĻ澰·һ̣ǵ齢⴩͸ȫ͸ˡ
Ƕ֮䣬ľ޴Ӱƽ룡
ѵǡ
󣡣
ɽ칬е𣬿ȫ칬зɳ
ľ󣬼ֱ춯أǵһˣҪʮٱ
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ֻؼԪڻۣγ˾޴С
еģһӰģڷ籩֮䣬Ǵʱ˿̣ģӰӵһħͨߵ۾ӡļ䣬ĥ
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£
µ֮ǰĪ˵Щʥ𣬶е񾪼£
ʱϯصľ޴лԽԽң
ˡ
򷨳
֮չ壬֮
׿գнźնüġıԴķƻͻͣ·ܹԽһе;
кڰ׶֯ľֳ֣ﴦ·湵ͨĴšǡʥ䡷ԴĴ֮һ
䴦֣ڵıԴ׻֮ÿһƵ绡ÿһ棬ԣΧϷ
취׷ϯ㵽ڣ罻֯
ЩܻУĴ򲻶ϵơ
ŨˮлûɽӺн˸ڿն𣬻Ϊ۳ң󣬲һ㡭
ھͻ֮زԶӰǿ֮УһС
ˣƮ
󡣡
Ʈ־޴Уɫء
ߣ촽΢΢ſݺݵĳ鶯һ£־޴УһŸɬ˵ʲô

ƮҡͷƮ಻ܿħ֮Ϊǵ֪


2056 ֮
ȥɣ
Ʈ˵䣬ϯԽԽѾʮ򣬿һˡ
󡭡ȷʵر𡭡Сӣ
߷ߵ˵òϣͻʱҪǿö࣬ͨ˵ͻʱ޷֡
Ϊͻ˲䣬޷Ϊһ֡
ȻиеͣдʮֻԼר޵ǸСķ棬ﵽϵˮ׼ȻѾ㹻ˣζһ߳Ϊ𣬾ѷʥΪˡ
ϵУʮÿһ󶼲ͬЩҲǼʶ㷺ˣȴûҲϲ
ʱͻ
Ǿ޴ޱȵϿգӿۣ
һŨܵƾ£ÿһƷ·ĵڽ֯
Щɫʹޱɣ·δ֪飬µ棬ҫš
ת֮䣬ֻҴ֮תٲȻ޾ɽڻײһع
ƾתɣ𵴣궼Ҫɢ
ΧȺо˾޴ѹ
ԽԽ࣬װĹĵ·һսġ
Щƣ֮н֯Ѫɫ
ЩѪɫ̺ɷޱߵĴͷХ
糱׵磬ÿһƶɽһ̲ͣ˺һ
һƵĴ𣬷·汾Դĺĳӣ
٣٣ڽ٣̺ŴԷ֯ɵ֮ף
ڳߣܵٵĿֲ
Ǵ徫Ӣ֪ʱ򣬷־ǱҲףǶսʶҪ٣
ȻʮųһǵмĿù٣
ԽԽŨ˶оƵ̺ǶôĿֲܶ߸ܲסѹڴڵĴϢһЩΪģ䤱Գˡ
Ȼܶô࣬ɾǿסһУ۾һգգĶеĽơ
ڶɽ٣
ȥʱ٣ѣԼĵǰȥ߶ԣѵõĻԵ
Ϊ٣д٣߶ԣǾ޴ϴͬඥԣ
ˡ
תĪ˵󱲣Ļ£ܵһɵѹߵˣǻѾһ㼦Ƥ֮£ҲһЩ
ԣ޷Ѿͣһ㣬ЩʹΪˣ
ǵΪ˸ߣҲ˸̣ıԴֻϴӵĸоǵĵ·䣬õøӵι̡
һЩٽͻĴǰֻٲȻϵ߽һЩѾõϣɶļ
ԭã֮·ƺΪ٣ƼգǾǰȻˣ
ǼֵɹĴԵܶ˶ϲ񣬺޲ó棡
Ȼǽֲ̫ĳȥ˲ҷ
Сӣʮƣе߼ҿӣµ֡
˵
ƮǷӦȻڵʵʮƣ֣ȻֲҲ̫ܶӰɣֻһλٴ壬ʵò
ƮĻˣ٣Թ˵ǻԵȻߣȻ
ԽֲԵԽԱԼʱĽƹģ˲٣ܲζ
ʱ֮£ÿһƤڷ⡣
â֮УͬƾƣûκεӰ죬üͷûһ¡
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ԽԽԽԽֲʱûе𣬿ܻǰӦսơ
Ȼû˻ΪûеȻ𵽼µʱ򣬲ſʼһս
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֮У·ܻ
ʥ֮ڿգơصĶħϢ³ͬѪɫĴ½ޱߡ
ΧķҲԽԽ
Ȼ䣬˫۾·һŵڻ磬һСλһۣһ𣬷·궼ҪĿǣС
Ϣڱ˲
һɽ٣֮ƴ󣬼ֱǰδС
ɽٻǺε龰
Ȼʱ
Ϣ׵ϢͳĺһһǺӶ𶯲ѡ
һϢӴϢһƵǻԴÿһë𵴳γһطģΪһ´ãã档
ҪʲôһĻһЩ߲Ŀɿڴе㷴Ӧ
ɻĵͷֳ֮Ĵ򲨶
һǿգȻ©
ޱ龰ǺĽƣоȻûǿա
ſ˶ƥɢ֮ǳ֮֡
ǵǻԣϡ
ǡ
ȥֻſǳƺڤڤһͬ
ɢĪɵķ˵ǵ⣬ǳá
ǵǣ⡭
ڳߺܶʶ㲩֮Ȼһϳǣʶ̵ģʵҪ
ʱ򣬺ܶ˹עĲǵǱסǵģɫ
ǵĽǶԶԶĿȥԵޱϸǳĿǳԣ΢֮֯⣬ȴ
ǡ
ɽڷüµ˫Ŀһʣ
ڷѾˣȻǶ𣬵ʵȵȲܶ࣬Ȼ֪ʶȴޱȷḻɫ뵽ģʮǰɵĵǣ
ʵɵĲʮ򣬶˵Ǻ֮ϵ
ɣһַ򣬷֯סǹ⣬ߣ޷ܵâҫʮ޳ɵǵ߽
ԭˣ
ˮУʱҲһ˿ʾ˿ƽ
һ̣׻ǣ컯ʥĻű䣬Ĺϵˣ


2057 
ɵǺǹⱻסȻ
ôЩԭǹȥĶأ
λɣЩɵˣҲ˵ԭˣԼˡ
ԭҫϵľǵ⣬Ҳת˻ĵ
ô컯ʥɻű䣬ҲȻͬˡ
컯ʥʲҪ壬ҪˣΪУ
ڵʵѾˣ컯ʥʾʹ忪ʳôδ㹻ǿ֮󣬾ͻѴ壬Ҳɵ
컯ʥʿƾģһ죡
뵽Щθܵ컯ʥҰĵͬʱҲⵣܹ÷ֳҪնô
ն򣬷ͬСɡ
Ʋãٵ䣡
ⷽͷۣ񣬶ȥɽ٣ȴԾȻ֮
߶ס˺ʱֻ֪ʲô߸Ͳ
̲סѯʵʱ򣬾ʱǿдǰУ
ԡԵ죬·ɽѣǳ⡣
˰ǹ
İǹ·һĳأ޾ǹϽ֯ڿգ
һööѪɫƬֽıɫ󣬴渡֣ʲôҪһ
һ̣Ȼ֮Ѫ
ͬʱڵ뿪巽Ӧоſǳģγԡ
ٶԽԽ죬ʱѾûӿĽƣֻǰᴩһе
ǹ·Ҫأصն֮ϡ
һ̣һеâܱ֣â֮¶̲ס˫ۡ
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ˣ
Ǿڳ׷׳ſԪܣӻѸٵĺˣܶ˺ѣڵء
â֮Уǹһ𣬾ȻϢûһȴԿ޾ķ𣬳ͬ񱩵˳ķϯ
ˢˢˢ
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һ̣ÿһߣܵԼڵѪǻԵҫ֮¿ʼתһЩԭ޹巨Ŷݼ׵ߣǾȫѪƺһ˲̣ͬ
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ΪǣԼ֮£ĵԴ֮޴󣬼ʥҲ޷ܣ
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˵һֻǸܵ˵ǵȴѾһȫԡǹ֮Уֱӳܾǹϴ
ѵһ̣Ϊնˣֱǳ޾ǹ⣬ͬһкֱкϣ
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ͨǷ𻺻ȻĵǴѾʧڹϵĵ伮пЩء
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ļϱļԶ֮أķͷ
ļ˫ۡ˫ȣҲߣɻսһж벻֫
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˸ǻֻ˫˫ѱ͵ǹ֮ڱ޾ѹ·гߵĻɽ

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ƺΧĵ֮⣬ҲлۣƵûдﵽ
Ȼ٣ѾȲĽˣ


2058 ٴ
֮ϵХ
ŷ֣֮ǰǵĿϣʵΪǵĸ֣еĽƣѾ־ת
٣˿ѲƵģĽɫ
Уǿת˿µ췣ס
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ʱ˿̣ߺܶ඼ɫԭԵľߵʮ٣ٶ䣬𶼻ᱻûҷͻߣ֮Ī˵ɽˣվվȣ
ǵľ䣬ѾΡ
һʲô⣬롣
ħɹСħɸ񾾽ߣǧҲɫţѹ̫ˣСħõ֮ɸܵϢϢ

һ£
Ȼ˿̣л۵ǹѾﵽĿǰܹﵽļ۷壬ٿ̧ͷԽԽǿ١
һᣬְֳǹѪɫĽƣ

СħɾҲʼδ
ԶԶȥһСӰǴĿ½ƣ⻭ƺ㣡
ԽƣԽͬǶƣ
ٴ壬ƳԼڵǵļޣƮĿƵ˵Ʈߣɫѿ̫ˣ
ž
һ˲䣬£ȫ
ĿҫأԶԶȥѾصΨһ
֮£ȫѪһٿ
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ǹ֮ѹ֮֫У֯˹âɵĻֺ깬Щǻ
ռĵһ֣ͽԡ˿͵֮У
֮ϣ貣
׿ھ֮ףԼĵ
һ˲䣬ٴһ¡
һȭ顣һ߳ǺӲ
ȫ
һ̣ڵµĻħϢһĳˮӵС
ɢһƵƳˮͬһɽȻ˴˼ĳںϡ
ħľµıԴȫκγͻ
Ϊʣʼڵܲˮת
ʱȻһץۣ֮ڸϣԭȽǵ֮Ǳһץϡ
ʱѾնϣӡĻ֮ѾıԴɴڣǿƥ
ʮǣǹϴл۵Ķǵǵ
ԥĽ飬ֱ뵽Լ֮УЩɲǼ仯ϸСƬ뵽
ܹǣڻΪ˿߰㣬˴ϵһ
һʱ䣬ͷ·֮һ˴ͨѪԭںӦеʼͨٵں
ľǵһǶһ𣬽ơ
ںϣĴںϣ
Ǳ˴˼䣬ĳֶԣɱһԴ
˵һִɱ䡢
䡣
Ŀ󿪣ֻԼѨһȵţ·˾סϴ
һ̣֮Ĳϵ
ǰ·;һЩɬĶҲ
ȫƸֱľľϵ
˫֮ͫ䣬·Ǻڷ飬ַ·һݻ
ǳԽı֣һּ´ݻ
ںϵ˴޼䣬Ѫ·ȼգ𣬻ΪơĴ죬·¡
һĻˣͼ߸ԣڳȫˣ
ֱϷʲôʱһְֳǹٶȳʮƣ
һΣһǰƺҪƣ
ӿ֮£Ѿһͣײеϯ
Ѿˣޱߵ׽֯ɵĽɫ
Хһǹ͵

·񷱻˺ѣһǹֱӽɵĽɫˣ
һΪ
е֮ĳһΣĿʮƣ
췣֮УֲĴڣԹɽ޲ԽƼɵʱ˿̣Ѿ嵽˽֮ǰ
޲ԥٶһǹ
һǹ֮Ŀ¾ԼҪʮڽµ֮ģ

·汻˺ѵ𾪵Ŀ֮У߹ʮƣǱֿˣ
һǹƽƣ
𾪺
ʥƮޱȣΪܹϴľǿߣĶôʱƿʮֲ֮
ȻĽƣȴӲ˺ˣ
ʵ̫£


2059 ս
ڽƱԴ˺ѵɲǼ䣬ǽɫһͳ޴ĺֿһ϶·һкɫĹâ
ɫĴһ֣ж׼̶ֱ
йâһĻƽս·ӹĺӿɱ
ÿһս֮ϣվһ飬ޱ飬ϳޱߵɱϢ·һ涼ѪսʬɽѪ
ͭսۣÿһƺۼоϢ·Ǽ֤ǰһս
⡭ѵҲ٣ôһŽɫս
ܶסˣδš
ӷЩ췣֮ɵսڷɫأ죬ϵĳüĲţ⳵ϵӦǡϹ飡ʮеһЩս޾£ȻʷĳɺȥǵǶٵʱȴסȻȻѾɵĲȴû٣֮ϱ
ûв´Եɫս飬ЩϹʱӰ֮Ի
ڷĻܶɫˣϹʱľȻӰ
Ȼ֪ЩӰЩʲôˣǺʵһǣڳλ֮⣬ûӰʸ
ЩӰȻҲֻÿһǰʮ֮һʮ֮һʱϾתʮĿô࣬㹻ֲˣ
Ǻܶˣܻɱ
ЩӰûԥûη壬̤ǹں֮󣬴˿̵ȫĶѾȼ˷ڵսѪһ̫žǿվǰҲ޾壬ҲҪһսף
ڼ֮УıͬԨħһǼף˺ɫ
̤գͬһ㼤³һһһǰƣǹ˷ܵͬХֱʣ
ӭޱ飬˽ɫսꪣնɱ
ڰǹӴɫսꪵһ˲䣬ǹâȻ䣬һУƬ
ռ·ɲǼֻ̣оããֻ֮ʣǰѺɫǹһпռ䡣
꣡
ɫսֱӱҶϣ
ͬǽ׾ˣҲ˫ۣɫǹƿɫսֱ֮ǸϹ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬׺ı飬ǸΰĽ׾ˣֱӱǹұ޾Ĺ꣡
䣡䣡
ɫսȺ֮Уǹ󿪴ϣ
ÿһǹӳϹӰĽɫཻ޴ײ쳹ء
Ǻεײ

һ鱻飡
ֱһޱȵս
ȻϾʱΧϹʵ̫࣬ʮʱȴҲһһǹıϡ
һ˲䣬ɫۼ飬Ѫ
˲һľȻͷ֣Ϲһǹֻ˰ǹͷҲ̲ȥˡ
·һ͵ɺ

һǹͷ
һֱӵȥ
ͬʱѪȴ䶯ۿٶԭ˿ڵѪֻǼϢʱֹסˡ
ĵ֮УѪָ̥̥֮󣬼ֶ㣬Ҳܹ˺һĿӣϸ⡣
ˣ
͵Ϯһǹȴ˶Էͷ
ȳȫ߶ĿɿڴˣսʽҲ̫ˣֱ˵
˹Ӳû£ԼֵĹȴб
ԭǿټҪսʽ˭һս
ʱɱ
䣡
ɫƵЯޱߵķΰһһĽսʿݻ٣
ڶϹӰӲɱһѪ·ֱӳǽɫĽ֮С
䣡
һǹӳն˽ɫĺ棬˾޴Ľɫ˻ɷޱߵĴۡ
糱׵磬ÿһƶɽһ̲ͣ˺һء
һƵĴ𣬷·汾Դĺĳӣʡ
Ϲ飬֮ء
οѾû׳ص˵
ٵ󣬶ⳡ֮Ի߶ͷԣһ컯
Ѿնɱ˽룬ʱȴһ̲ͣĺɫ
һһǹ׻趯ĺڰ֮˺Ƭơ
ÿһɫ˻ıըķƬЩƬ󲿷޾ǿգ౻գ
Ĺ֮УɫƾԽԽЩ߶ȵŨɺˮǱ˲ɢԽԽԡУʡ
ɡ£һһ鱻ɱǵɱ֮Уȫۼ飬Ѫ
Ѫڲϵϣ֮Ҳڲϵļ
ЩϹ飬Ѿɱˣ
һĻڳˡ
Ҳ٣Ǵ˶ٵķʽǵȴٵͷ꣬Ǳܣϴ
ȴֱɱϾ죬ս
˷񣬽ɱȻȴɹսɹˣ
һеϹ췣֮׺󣬽֮ա
֪һ̣Ѿɹ١Ҳĳɾ


2060 ֱ
ǹˮ£ǱϵһƬɳ޾ĴƬⶼٵĲࡣ
еߣֵܸܵȻȴֺƴ޼ķ
ھ֮ϣǵѾûҲɢȥˣֻʣ½ɫҺλ֮УǾһſŵĽɫ飬СС޾
Ѿ˰ǹƬУ˫Ŀ裬ʱ˿̣ƬأѾȫͬĸо
УƬ磬ͬ
ͻ֮һУ͸ĸо
һб羰ôԭǰվƽϿݷ羰ȻȻվޡ
֮ȴ·վһ¥ϣط羰Ұ㣬øһã۵ס
¥
֮£߱ѹƣ֮ߵѾͬĸ߶ȣҲ͵վ˸¥֮ϣ
ûκھ֮ĵһܣָоԡ
Χռÿһ˿ķ۵ףֻҪһƿЩ
ȻƽڳߣȴѾĪ
ȫϣͻ
̫ˣղŵټֱµ٣ˣҲڵѾܹƥˣ
ǰˣն˵ǵѾܹܵǵˣȻЩģ·ϼȥδؾͲܳɾ͵ǣ
һ߼˵֮ǰѾ֪նϵô£ԣһ޴ĸ
ʵϣǵ൱һֻڻı֮Уܽȫնܳͷŵǣе߶
ʱ칬׿ԼŮƮƮ˸ʡ
ԵĮһ޲ˮ֮ЦȻ죬Ϊȴ˲Ҳƽ
ں𡢵ȡذϫˣûôƣѾ˷ޱˡ
ãЦ
ӷաڷƵһţ˫ֺʮŷ飬ҲǴ΢Ц
ʱʥһƮͬڲԶĬĬĿÿһĻǶĿá
Сӣ
˵ܵѹ컯ʥʡ֮⣬ûϸܵѹԷһС
ȻΪսľܳԽһǰƣԽò˶õ飡
ߣƮƮƮȫƺΪһ壬ʱֻ֮ϽƱ֮޾ĽɫҺΣĬȻû֪ʲô
һ˲䣬гһɿ磬ڣһɫĴУ޾ĽɫҺΣȫ鳲һ㣬ž
һչ壬ǧǧĽɫҺξôû֮Уͷ·ѩƬƮڳˮ֮Уȫʧ
ŽɫҺԽԽ࣬·ɫգ˲һ⣡
Ľԡ֮Уһ̣̲סҪĤݡ
Щ⣬һӵʱϨ
֪Ĵ֮⣬ȫա
Щ򣬿ɶʮ߷
Լ֮⣬û֪ջ˶٣Ҳ۲ѡ
ǹƷ磬Ӿ֮һһΧ֮
Գ棬

СħȲĺʱޱȣߣǧꡢˣҲƺҪ¡
Ů˵ܿ˳ΪӢۣĳɾͱעǻʲô׷أ
ӽ쿪ʼҪתˡ
Ц˵
һֱǴ˵ǹȥĴ˵ֻʮ꣬ӽĴ˵Ӧˣ
ڰħòĵĳ޵Ĵ˵ʲôǰʮȫֲǻٻţﵽ˶ʢ
Ǹʱ򣬲֪ӿ˶Ϲž콾˶춷ȻգǶɢʷĳ֮ˡ
Ҳֻ·ˣ͡ʥ䡷߲ǵĴ˵ԱȻܱ˵ԭҲΪǷֱ·ԭ档
֮أϵߴл˴ĺôǿ·˺ͲĴ˵ഫ
˺ڰħһ仰ͬڽ벻·һˣ
һµۣ
ܶ׷Ϊأһʱ乧ף֮ڶ߶ϲ
ʱһ𣺡ҹȻûп㣡
̧ͷһһ绪İŮվǰԶƮ
գһ忡ǣȫסˡ
뿴Ʈȫ䱸
СӣҳǿҼǿˣΣƮҲ˳ֱȻ߰ˣȴޱȽ䱸ȻǽĵһздǱĶˡ
ԤǱԨ֮ǧǰûɱ㣬ҴŴãΨһĻˡ
Ʈһ˵ܶ߶ʱŭĿӣСħɣƮ޵
ΪƮδǧ꣬ģ
ȴ鵭Įڵʥ棬Ҵ壬սûжԴǧǰѾ˻ɱҵĻᣬδȴδػɱĻᡣ
˵ʲôɱ¶ƮûʲôӦȴһŭĿӣ
ÿСӣΪҽκβ㣿
һԡȻ壬ǵںϣʮƬ֮ѾմѪڣ˵һս֤Լʵ
٣ȻһЦȻɱڣʵҪһģǲܾôˣһϷƨˣ´ȥ˳Цô
ֻΪˡ
Դ޷ܣһҪһս
ȻڣҲɱٴ״ѹһ棬ߣ档
ȻʱƮȴͻȻ֣ס
ʲôңü
Ʈûǿҵͽأ
ֱƮȴûдӦǷʵҽԣȻʲô


2061 

ƮĿͬһʸϣȻ壬̹Ȼӡ
Ӣ۳꣬㲻ҲƣȻ̸£Ǿｻְɣ
Ʈ˵䣬ȫɢһɱ֮У׷ëγƮ
ԸʮϰﷶΧɱ㽫פƬȫ֣
ֻҪｻ֣形ӶԣȻǻԵĴ
ȻƮҪʱƬ¶һɺɫޱȵÿһƶǳ֮󣬿ռھ޴ѹ֮±ޱܣһʱ䣬Ʈǲ
ĺɿռ䣡
֮ԭγ֮ԴĻ磬аʣк֮ݻ
ĺɿռϣѾȣ޷һ߷뵽ɿռ֮Уʹúɿռ䷢ʱ䣡
ͬͬʣڲ֮ͬ£ӵеȻͬ
һöƷʼߵļʸͨĹȥøȥɲһ㡣
ţƮ΢΢üʱĺɿռ֮ϣֳһ߲⣡
߲ã֮˺ɿռ֮󣬺ɿռ֮࣬·ֶıãӦԣεοռ䣡
ΣںϣɽƮ޷ѹȥıƳˣ
ֻҪ޷£形ӣȫͨɿռοռΪ׼õȱڰȻ룬κֻҪֲʱ䣬Ը޹˼ɵĸƮսһˣ
Ʈѹֱ֮üǿһǿȴѷãҲﲻƮ
Ʈ𣬷ϻôʲôһսѣ
߶ԣһжģĻȨеʵ
²ɱ˶ԷѹƶԷѾ㹻ˡ
߶ԼİģļˣԼ;ðһͷܲò
ͱƮ²Ұܣ༫ôȻҪͷа¡պˣĻڲ˶Ҳòʧˡ
ȻʱƮȴֻǿڵôʲô
ƮȻòˣĴ̸
һ£߶Щȡ
ƮԭڵɱǱϵʵʥĳǣƮǱϵɱķԾӵˡ
Ҳвˣ֮ȥ;Ҳε˵ʾԽ֡
ǣƮԸһ۵ķʽа¡գǴȥ̫ˣǿһ
ɲƮ϶ǱԨ֮ҲҲ϶ڵ£ܻɱ
ǣƮΪҲԼİһ٣ٶò
ͻҲͰˣΪһǸʱ򹥻ὨȴֻлʱһСͻƣԭͲΥƮİġ
ڣƮòͲͬѰˡ
ʵƮʥСģֻһǧꡣ
ǽʱ컯ʥʶѾʥˡ
꣬컯ʥбʱƮľ츳԰ƮͻΪĿһϵмΪźƮ뿪Լʦţ컯ʥΪ컯ʥʵ״ӡ
ȻȴƮܾˣգƮԼͻ
һʷأܶʥ߶֪ƮҲȥȻΪʥȴ֪
֪컯ʥȻδƮ𣬵޳ƮһΰϾƮʦţ컯ʥԾ̫ˣʦţ֧Ʈܳš
ҲƮǷ컯ʥһԭ
ǧǰٱ컯ʥ̫һսʱ򣬱̫壬޷ֻּˡ컯ʥʼɵۣòˡ
컯ʥƮ׷ɱ߰Ʈ𣬻ݣȥ׷ɱһʥСҲΪˡ
ҿԷųաа£Ҫǣܹ˳ⳡʥķ
˵ȴƮɫױ
ߣŭ˼¡
Ϊ˭ƾʲô
ƮǱǲԸμʥⳡսģǰ컯ʥʵҪҲڵһЩ飬ҲͰư͵ļˡ
ȻѾ룬ôΪжӪһСһ仰˳ⳡս⴫ȥֱЦ
Ʈ𣬾ޱȿԼͽӵģҲǻܾ
ԭ͵ߡ
Ī˵Ʈ壬ҲⷬеˣƮҪǾôӦˣô
ۿƮѾɱ𼱣ҵû˵꣬˳֮Ҳ˳ұ֤ĳд컯ʥ֮⣬ٶʥ֣߳ǶԷðңֻӺҡ컯ʥʳأĳΪʱʱȻȥ컯ʥʾսģ
ĻȻһϸȴĺܶǱ˼
Լ컯ʥʵľսΪ˽˶Թʥս֮⡣
ǧǰƮ׷ɱĳûнƮϣ컯ʥʵͷϡ
˵ⷬҲζţԺ󼴱ʤܴﵽ·˵ľ磬Ҳʥչ˺׷ɱҲûнʥʮĨȥĴ㡣
ΪѾŵٶԳ컯ʥʣԼƺͼӺԼʥ˳֡
ʵϣʥĴ˶޹ģЩɱʥսʿǵļˡҲ޹ġ
ʮ޹˵Ҹ
ĺƽѾˣʷУ֪屻Ĩȥ
պĻ٣ĳʧġ
飬ߵһʱ䶼ЩȻĴ㡣
ʥĴʵֻһǾ컯ʥʡ
ֻҪ컯ʥʣôʥĴսȻͻ
սһ·裬ٶʤû壡
һʥսСˡ
˵òʧΪЩ־ɱ˹Уʵĥʵ
ҪģǸǿս
һ̣ԤеҪ뿪ˡ
ⳡ٣컯ʥʳ֮ǰṩ㹻Ŀռ乩ɳ֪뿪֮һжȻޱȳԱƮ뿪֮ǰΪ˴δһˡ


2062 ̸
ǣһ˳ʥĴս
üϲ˰ţĸо˵ʲôʲôƴӵĻǺûӣ
أ
ƮĿƮԡ
ʱξ;ԲԶ³û˵ȴΪش
ǰɽⳡʥսֲʥʵϵĲԵȣ˳ģֻˡ
˵ⷬʥ̫ˣûƺ⣬޷սʥ彻档
Ȼ⻰ƮУȴޱȴ̶
˵ʲôĻȻ
ԭͬʱ˳սĽ飬ͲԸܣΪϲһСţڣ׻Եȵʱ͸Ƿŭˣ
ѵΣһǿߣȥɱʥô
κ鶼еȼ۽ԭʥ彻սʥ˳սҲ˳սԭ͹ƽ
ͻãһͣȫɱɭɭ˵˼˵һˣܶҸƮˣһ˳ǵȼ۽
̹Ȼ֮ӣôҲԣⳡףҵ˳ҲζŻ֮˳ҡұˣҲδزֲƮ˵˳ʥɵսʧˣڵȻһжò˶ãͿˡ
һ٣ٶĴ̼̲סͬҩͰһըˣֱ飬һ̾ҪһǰץסĲӣ

̵˼£šǡʼθߣüϣһͷһͼ֮ȫֳϷƤˮһ͸ɫ˵Ѫɫ
ѾѪʥ
սһ
ĿƣʵԤϵһսɱ⣡
ԻϬ̸֮Уʵʤܴ˵ˣôֻѹ
Ҫһ˳ĴۣƮ˳һǲܵģƮǵİĶǴӦ
ʱƮҲǰһȫƮ𣬳裬׷ë֣߳ȻҲܴӦ
ȷѾʥĴսˣףⳡʥĴսʵΪ컯ʥʵҰġ
ȻϾһʥߣͬ뿴ʥ屻ܵĽ֡
ԾԵʵѹʱԴԹۡ
ƮչʱҲ˳ǹ֮£ʱͬ꺮
֮սһ
ʱȴΣǰɣԭҸʥ֮ģǷʤˣҲֻܵͬңƮһ˳ⳡ١
˵춼ˣΣΪ־ͶȻӮ֣
˭ǿ˭֪ĮĻظսƣһˣ˽֣ȻһһҲû֮ΪǷֿһսĴۣ
֮սʮֿ£ԭ컯ʥеʱ򣬻֮ӽ˵ͬλ
䵽У֮˴ѪʵѾ˺ܶ࣬ҲλбȽǿĴˡ
Ȼĵʵ䣬ȴ컯ʥǿö࣬ǾǶԻĵ϶ȣԶ컯ʥܱȵġ
λĻУᷢӳ֮ǰ컯ʥƿʱǿս
ԼܸƮеκһ࿹⣬ôټϻ֮δزƾӴͿµ˴սһ
ãܺãҾ͸һսֻҪ൱ʵҾ˳ⳡʥĴսģպǱٶκһԱûе֣ǾҵѣΪȫϣ
֮⣬ûӮ㣬ǱͽҲ˳ⳡսʵʵĻȥɲģԶٳۣñץסв
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ãһΪȻˣҲӦʣܽŵԣô֮Ҳ᳷ߣ뵽ʥĴս֮Уֻҵļˡ
Ȼ˵˳ʥĴսȻͻ᳹˳֮ϸ˵Ҳʵһ֣ȻϷ
˵䣬ƮƮĬͬĬҲ˵֮䣬Ҳˣ
ԼʲôģͲǩǶаĵˣ˵Ļͬǳ׹䣬ᷴڡ
һ˵һڣôһҲ˺Эټ뵽սмɣʧʲô
ĬĬĳǹӰһѾǿգɵ˰֮⡣
֮ĴսͬСɣ뽫Щ󱲸ȥһǾͻҷ
ԤﷶΧ㹻չе߱ӻסˡ
۾Ű֮ĬĬĳһѰɫؽȻ鱦
һϵߵ˼µˣ
Сģ򵥣
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֪ȻԸϣǵСʱ󣬾֪мֱ죬Σû˭Ҳ֪˭ǿ˭
ټǧ˰ɣûиɱһ֮ǰǸŮˣͲҴŪЩԸңѹһӻˣ
ѾսڣŽɫ޽ķ
ʱ򣬿ıӰ߶ס˺֮ǰʥ̸ݣȻһغδĴս


2063 ս
Ǻ֮Уʮ
ǹɣɱأⷽռ䣬ƺΪεø
ˣڹעⳡսѾſԼӻ忡ܡ
ľ䣬𣬾ӭս
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ʽѰˣնб죬ǹա˫ĿգԸ֪Ƭգʵ϶ȼ߶ԣ۱ûֻǱϵ˫ۣܹõĽϡ
˺һ״̬Ҳ޷ʥ䷨ļ֣
ʱһɲǷ·̡
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ʵϣȳ̶ȣѾ鱦ȭͷĽڹû
ݣϯĿռ籩Щ籩Ϊһ壬һ̣·ԵĲһȭһײǳ
˶ס˺֮Ĳ࣬һȭڳֿͷ緲ɽХʱĸоƥУ
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ʵôȻܹģûһߡ
۾֣ԭˣ㵥ǿȣѾԶλļˡ
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ЦεҲδܽΣֻǽѡ
ԭˡޱ飬ǿΣͬǿƥǵǷӡ⿪ֵ֮һս
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һΣǹûۣ޿ƥеǳ
Ϊٶȿ쵽˼ޣǲضãȫٶȣ
Կ죬ȻٶȵĿĴۣȴùõģʵϣÿιϯ籩ÿһ籩άϵܾöԶԶȥԶղһɫľ޴У
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˵ĹжֲһЩУʬ޴棡
˸ٶȵĹÿһ˭ܸǴ
ʹ죡ʹ죡ĺ˳ܹļսĴЦ֤
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ֳֳǹƵĿ
һΣеؽ
ؽŰӵ߻Уؽĳȴǡô
ǰɫһĽûȻȴ֣ʱȴ΢·ⱻǣֻΧĿռŤġ
ǣע⵽ԼеĽ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ɾ֮ʱһŰ֮ϱչ԰ǵĿԼͻ֮֮ʱƴȫӰϰһʣа˷ֺһ֮߳ұչǧ꣬ΰʴһϸֳĽߣԽΪģôĽħһؽûмûƿħƣ鱦ȴûκͨ󷨡ǹƾµļӲȴǶҶõ
һ˵ܶһʱЩãȻǣʲô


2064 Ʒ
ǡǺǲϺݱɵĿ壬Ϊ಻ܿ
һڷ𻺻Ľ͵һЩС߸֪ʲôʵ棬ǲδ
ǵǳֲһСʣͨϣɽ廹ء
һĪ˵ڰˣǿ̫ҲҪµ˺ˣȻܴӰһʣ񽣣ǿȴﵽʲô硭
Ϊ壬Ȼڰһޱȵıʵڷ֮ţ۾еĽƷʣԼİǹȴɽİǹҪ౶
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ʱˡ
Űǽһ
һٶȲ죬ȴ̺Ĵƣգ˸޷ܿ
ͫ΢屩˵ͬʱȫžžı죬ϸ˰ɫƬʱȻ֮Ѫ
꣡
ռѣһն˿մ
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ûܣÿһ֮յıܿȻʵȴǡô
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ģԽԽ࣬ǧٵһƬγһ޴İɫ
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ھ޴Ĺ֮£弱ٷˣصײڽ֮ϡ

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ˣȻڣҪܸңȻҿһһεĽڽϣʵҲôҲһ˿Ϣ֮
˵䣬һٶɱ䣡
ķɫ죬ϵҲԽԽ࣬ƺǶĳطֻٶȱһ֣ʵһǣñȸղŸǿˡ
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˫ֳֽ߸߾ٹͷһɲǣǽ޾⣬˽ڵգаǽ͵նһ˲䣬նһǧ
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Ȼڽȫһ˲䣬е˼һĻȴˣһڽдУ룬㿪˾ųϵĽ⣬ֻвһɵϡ
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һǹӳעƬƬǺһǧâ
ǺԽ


2065 ת
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˵Ⲽµ壡


2066 ܱ
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һ䣬׷ʹιһһεԼƣһһεıƳѪ
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һ̣ǿеƮĪļ¶ּ¶һֱ·ͻȻãվԼǰ꣬·ʮضߴƺ죬Ǽ֤һ˵ĵ

ƮУͷ죬ĵĿȥƺһֱ쵽ľͷ
ʱƽ
ջ˼Ŀעϣ촽ʮ֮ڴһսޣ㹻ָ۷ɣ
˵ͷ룬ٻ˻Ԫ칬
Ԫ칬֮󣬾תŷŴӰӻԪ칬֮һ
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ʱѾڵĻ֮Ѫ⣬˶˼άֻǵΪȫסˣûκսˡ
ˡ
˵䣬̧һӣֱӽӵƮ
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Ȼָ˼ά˱֮һУȫ˼
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ȵӿͷں޲˺Ȼɱ


2067 ǿΪ
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ӿƮֱӹ֮УⱲûô
˼µŮūˣûж˸ڲռʦˣ
ʱ˿̣Ӳû˵ʲôƮΪɱ֮Ļ
ȻŭûʧȥǣڵԼܻɿ²ƮвͨĳЩ̸ɵġ
ǰΪǳ˻֮Ѫ⣬סΪǵ˼ɣǵ̸Уʣ׼ˡ
ݵı飬ƮӣּӲµƮǸЩʲôŻԼɡ
Ӹе˼ȵܣԼʦŵ˵ʦһ衣
޵˫۾޲ýɱ
ȻĿ⣬ȻȻûнĳ޷ϣĶ˵ʥɱ忡ȻΪ޿ɺǣȻˣɱ㣬Ҳ޿ɺǡȻһֻ¶ѣܲôϾҪ忡ܵ˲
Ըɱңҧгݵ˵ŭ
Ц֪ôġ
дУôҵɣʵҲ⴦ң
⼸ҿ£ɱʥ߳ǧҲֲҽշŹ㣬ɺҲ޷պʱ䣬ʱӭұֻҪʵǣ㽫ǣҵļˡѣ֣ұ֤ȥΪȫܾ
˵üΪݶȻ֪ʲôµģǰΪϣӦ϶֮ͽĻǾԱɱһ򱶡
Ļɫ࣬һ߰ȴ˲ļ̤ϡ
ɱ㣡
ĿѣȥһսȻȴԼˣҲԶ
Ѿ˵ˣб£ʱ
ô
һӣʲô⣬Ƕûϣ׷ˣʮ֮һʮ֮һպĲֻ࣬ԽԽԶ
еܡ
Ʈֺ˪ͻȻڡ
ʦгίҧ촽վƮеˮǿסܽԼڳǰᡣ
죬ʵ̫ˡǰļ£һڰʱ⣡
Ʈûӣǿһۣ˵ˣ
ûɱˣҲûжʲô֮⼫Ϊֵ飬ͱ磬ƮӵԪģûвɲ
ʵ˵֮ţɱܶ࣬սģôܶʲôΪ
ûһƮҲʮ壬ͬҲûʱ߶形ӳ֡
Ǳ˴֮䣬ĵߡ
ĻһжòʰƮɱȴպıʧͽ
ȻȴΪͻһٻ꣬ǧʱͻơ
ĴۣԸܡ
һսηѾǴСĽˡ
ʵϴʱûѡ֮أһƮĵƮͲµȡİ취ˡ
ʮڴһսƮٶ˵ⷬ
Ȼ仰Ʈվŵȴ׾ˡ
ŵĿԼʦıӰԼĶ䡣
ʲôʮԼʦȻҪ֣
ôܣ
ߵİգаҲǵɴ۾΢ţɵɵĿ
Ʈ𣡣
ƺֻ
ԭʱǰ벽ڸоΪͻͽ𾳽ˡ
ս񡭡뵽պа¶ǵһƮȻֻλ񣬵Բλеߣѵ˵ѾӵƮ𿹺ʱô
Ǹоãƺǰһ˲Ӷˡ
ĳڴ˹򣡡ƽĻش
Ʈֿһۣһ֣廯ɷ׷ëЩëӡաаˣһʧããǿ֮С
ռתƮ˿ٷУʱӵɫѾˣ죬̲סʴɵƮʦҪ֣ҪѹΪô
Ʈһۣӣоʴˡ
ѹơ
򵥵ĻشУȴ˵һ
ѹƣ
һʱͷԷ˼άޱȣѾӿһɾ֮УȻ֪ʵȻʱ˿̣Ÿ̵˽⵽ʵĳ̶ж̫ˣ
աаҲǳױסˡ
Ǹӵпı죬ֱ޷ܣ
ǶţȻǾͲ̫Զˣ
ʥȻ壬ȴǿߣĳ֣ðաажӿһɸӵ˼
ƮĬһƵĿڵΪʦʱʮ֮ڣǿ붥𿹺⣬˵ľʥڻܶѾܻˣұΪѾǼޣǱͲ̫ˡ
УǰϹʱʮ첼ǻޱȣĿ࣬ʥرؿҲǿǸʱҲиȼģֻǲ֪ڵΡ
Ʈ˵䣬աаԼ֪Ʈ˵˭
·ˣ

ǾԵĴ˵ܵĴڣȴҲ̤·ˡ
һ˵֮·
ڽмĿܣΪ·һһ磬а꣬꣡
뵽ѾãܹΪĳǿߣôΪŮ͵飬̫Խˡ
ԭԸܳΪŮūǰʹȻȻң뵱꣬·˺ͲҲūͣǵūͷŵڣҪԼͰաа˼ö࣡
£ӻʲôʸԼأ
뵽̾һˣաа£ҲĬ
Ƕӣ˵䲻ĻǵˮƽصǰŸ·ǵȼﵱūͣ˼Ҷδؿգ
˺һа̲סʵƮǰʥ塭Ӯ𣿡
Ʈҡͷֻʥڣ컯ʥʶûɱѾɳӵԱʱ˵׷ɱܲɱڵʵֻҪҸط󷨣Ǿ˭ҲҲˡʥĽΣɳʲôزһжҪˡˡ
Ʈ˵仰ٶԣ廯һ⣬ˣһʧããǺ


2068 ̽Ļ
ʥȺȥҲζһսʤ
ԳΪƮʮԼս
һʮ֮ڣӦսעҪ´˵
֮⣬սѾһƬڣ
۸ߺе齢ųҫ۵Ĺ⻪ֱ졣
ȡ𣬸ǳһޱȡ
һսǷעҪʷֻҪ岻Ϊķᱮ
ΪսʤȻǶʿĹ裬Ҳ֮˳ʥĴսҲ巴ļƻ
ߣѾî˾ʥ壬һʳǧѪծ
Ȼĳ̶ȣҲȻҪʥ帶ʹĴۡ
߾延ʱֻ¶һ棬Լչص֮С
ܾ˵ģΪԼз飬ǴƮ뿪ʮʱ䣬ٶ̽Ļļ䡣
꣬޷ĵļ䣬ҪԭǣԼĻޣĵļʵ̫Ӵˣ⼸ʮĲ֪˶ǻЩǻļ䣬뵽˻ĵĻ꺣֮С
ҪЩɸѡԼмֵϢһޱȷ޵Ĺ̡
ֻһԣеͷʹѣڣѾɾڲʥ䡷򣬲Ҿֻأ̬֮ڻϵ裬Ҳﵽ˷Ƿĳɾ͡
ȻǿȻ񣬵ƷϣȴѾܶˡ
£һİգ̽Ļꡣ
̽鲻̫ĶҲԨħԻģһʹŵ˽⡣
ڴ֮ǰںڰԨܣһ֪
ʱţСƬļźǣû֮С
ҹޱȡ
ϢԼ뵽ں֮С
ʱǰãã꺣
Ļ꺣ʱѾʶ̬Լľ硣
Ӵľγһɹɺ磬ⴵڻ꺣ľͷˮ֮أ޴ĻĻִ꣬ľ֮סˣдû˻꺣֮¡
һɶŻĻƮ˹ȥ
̧֣֮У޾ǹۣһöɫ壬ħ
ħ֮һСŮħ棬ϴſɰ͵ЦݣĽһָ磡
ңĻ꣡
ɫص˵Ķĵļ䣬ɡ
ã
ӦҲ˵廯һ⣬ħ
ҲԼĻע뵽ħ֮С
ħͷųڵââԽԽʢϵۻѾﵽܳܵļޡ
һ˲䣬ͺһһħǴֱ˻Ļ֮ϡ

类иĻȻһһпһ޴ȱڣ
ĻȱڴûκγɣֳħȻһӣħһɫУֱӽЩ֮ȫˣ
ħڲۣˮһ㣬һϸСƬ
ЩƬͨڣҧż߶ħЩƬеľӡȫĨȥˣջ䡣
ԵϢһֱӿʼĶǡ
Щ䣬ڻɵǻǻıļ䣬ȻĹ󷨡֮ؾϢȵмֵĶȻԣûʲô塣
ֱӽЩˣʣ꾫ע뵽ԼĻ꺣֮У׳
ʣղ˵ģŷصĻ
㶼˷ѡ
ֿʼ߶ħпĻ꣬ȡһֻĵļĶ
Ѿ뵽ģеķˡ
ȻַЧʵ£ȻΪʵƣҲֻˡ
һһΣоԼĻ͸֧ҲͷˮСͨ죬ȻĹˡ
ҧ»ĵһּ֮󣬶Ժ˵쵽ΪֹϢһ£еʱ䣬㷲ɽҲܻġ
ţɵĵͷħɵ壬ĸ飬Ϊ飬ʮֿġ
СԴħϢľҲ뵽ħ֮УʼĶһּ䡣
ԭûб̫ϣȻû뵽ǣһĶȴ˾ϲ
ЩոγɵƬ֮Уҵڻıļ䣡
Щ䣬ǹԨħõ֡
ҲǡԨģ
һޱȹϣԶϹԵ֣صƾʷľѣ
ÿһ֣ʮַӦ˵ǲ֣һַš
Է֣Щ˼顣
Ϊ漰ģǸߵȼķģѰ߸գ֮Լģļ֮е֣ӦǺڰԨ֮еһָ߼ԣһħյġ
Щ֣ͻȻԺһЩֵ״һΣ
תһ̤ħռĳһһ黺ţ飬ӵϪеõġ
ϪΪʥ֮һҲֻϧãʦ컯ʥʣ컯ʥѾݣȻܷŹϪס
ΪֹϪ׻Ǳ˼룬ҳϵū͡
ϧϪ׶ԺҲǷǳ˽⣬ֻ̫żеõ֪ħʹãʲôϪ򿪺鶼ܡ
ϻѧʶԨͨϹŴУҲϵġ
ֱڣĶ˻ĵһּ֮󣬲֪ʵԨģԨ֮ƷߣҲյһ֣˵Ƕħķš
ȻǿֻһƪҲ޷ЩġֻٶȶռƬ֮еϢһһĽϵļ֡
ôˣ
ں֮ϣһӡţǲӡµ󷨡
֮ǰΪоⱾ鼫Ϊ죬Բӡѹڿɫӡ̲סʵ
ǰĶ˻ĵļ䣬Ѿܶϵļһˡ
ŶӡһԭԼӡⱾ飬ںڰԨ
ңǳԨħֱʣ
⼸ӡһֱѹⱾ飬ѾĸܵĿ£ʲô鱦ֻһ
һƾдֺͷ򣬾ͿԴﵽ鱦Уֱ
ʲôôӡɫصʵʮκǻԨħһľ⡣
⼸ʮڰԨʮȫȻǻǸּ²ںڰԨ֮бȻޱȿµĴڡ
ڰԨ޼صĿ±ʮǻӴ౶
ǳһģ˿ֲ˭֪Ԩħ棬ʲôĴأ
ڶȫעϧоⱾ鲢һ׹ʲôȴֻ֡
ʲôӡʵ
һǡģ


2069 սƮ
ģ
֣ӡ΢΢һѵⱾصڻģԻעԼ֣
ġ֣ƺǶӦԨСһֻĶħ򡭡
ŷϵԨģ˵
أ
ڤ棡
ǸĵļģʵϣУҲ֮Ӧ֡
ڤ롰桱һģҲӦԨеĻħ
һ롣
áڤ棬ҲĲС
ţӡһ
΢΢˵һԤУԨÿһĶħţӦһǿԨħģֻ֮һϵ֡ڤ棡ҲӦһƻĵĿ´ڣԨħġͼڡ֪ڣͼڵˣǶԨ֮УѾ
˵ţӡҲ΢΢һͣ²⣬޵˵ĻʵڲһϢһľѾ˿ˡһĻʮǰӡ꣬ŵԽħĻ۷ʱĻıɣ
ǿĶħжٸ
ӡء
Ӧò࣬Ҳһ֮Ҳٶһ㣬ϣֻѡ
˵䣬ĿͶУţԼϵĽĵļ䣬վܽⱾصĶħ伮̽ܡ
ʮǻպķչش壬Ԩħ̾ʮͻİ

֮ʼ˶ݵıչأÿ̽Ļļ䣬ģĶԽԽࡣ
Ȼʱվ̫ݵģαչ֮УȻֽһЩݣʼδܳ׷Ȿصĵ伮
ɻ伮ǸʲôģǹѵֻһԨħʷʷ飿
ʷ飬дǸ˿ģбҪӣѶԨдô
ַֻ֣ԨħеĽϸ߼ڣĶɣ
ɻأľãⱾħ伮мʲôҪܣҲԼԣĪļֵ

ʱһյĹȥʮ֮Եĵڶսˡ
һսҪƮ֣
ǹؼԵһսԤУƮǿһսɡ
һʱûȥ̽Ļ꣬ǽԼ״̬ڵ۷塣
ԼսһգǱϵߣѾ۵֮ǰֵһƬ
Ρȡͨվսǰȴż֤ʷԵʱ̡
Ѿų֮⣬Ҳֲ˴
Щ󷨷ֳ˼ʮĽӣӢǣͱɢ⼸ʮ֮УǿԵõıᰲȫܶࡣ
еǣʮֵ˷ܡ
ۿֵḶ́ǶĪһԵ׿Խܹ֮ණ
ڴ֮ǰֻһΣڶ̶ʮ֮ڣۿ񼶵ս忡ܶǲ顣
ʱεǰ֮ңնǹǹ⵹ӳǹ⣬âɭɭ
ָ硭
ԶԶģСħɿӰȻԶСħɵĸ֪֮£ÿһϸ΢飬ƮһսСħҲܵ˼ѹȻİ
СħԱߣǧꡢҲǾ
о˼Ůעӣ΢΢һЦ
ûµġ
Ʈһս˭Ҳ֪ΣȻôս䣬ֻԼˣˣļƻҪʱԵĸǳˡ
Сħĵͷǿʼ˵ȴ
ƮǸʱˣھԼʱֻаֵʱͻȻ䣬ǿ֮У׷ëЩëƮǰӳǹ⣬á
ĬĬĳ˰ǹĿ
Ʈˣͬҹ飬ƾճǰеëƮΧһ߲ʵƮĮ֣߲һһ
Ľֻһǽȴó棬߳ҽ޹ǣƮ𽫽⽣ǺҰڶţһıˮ
Ȼ˼¡
۾һǵҲС֮ǰ֮
ʥ廹̫Žżʥô᲻̫ŽõһЩ鱦أ
һʱ֮⣬徫Ӣǣûзһ˿񼶸ֶţǿѹǲԾס˺
ǹغ˵һսȻΪš
һսҼ֤δְɡƮ𵭵˵
ҲϢȻһӿһ޴Ӱߣأޱ飬´һɺƴƣΪۻĮ뵭Ȼ
Ӱ֮ƱˣӴƥ䷨Ҳƽ롣
һ̤̤ǳǹ·𻯳Х
֮ľɲǼޣһǹԽ˿ռ·˲ƵƮǰֱƮüģ
ɭǹâƮ治ɫӣˮһĳǹ
ڿƥİǹƮƺ磬ȻǹཻɲǣȴͻȻų߲ʵ⡣
䣡
µĳγ⣬ͬһɢ䣡
ռи֮ͬûһѿâҫۣĿӣʱȴƮһ˶Էһ񼶴սʹչ


2070 ˸
죬ͬǺӱְֳǹ󿪴ϣ
ÿһǹעޱȿֲžžʼθߣ˺ɫĹǼƬ
ڵ֮Ѫ
ͻ𾳽Ժ󣬼֮ѪѾ̫帺ڴ֮ǰֻƴʱŻᶯ֮Ѫ

һǹ£ͬ͵ɫ趯žǹ⣬ƣֱǺӣ
Ʈ治ɫһչеĳֱӭһǹ
ǹָὣ
ôⶼһɱĶԾ
ƣԭΪƮܿһȻûУ
Сľ񹥻
У˴󺰣
ҲǺܶߵ뷨ûΪƮָὣڸǹײʱܹռʲôơ
ƮǿȻڼ˵ĹУƮΪ˫޵ߣ֮ǰչֳսʽƮꡢ棬żߵ裬巽棬ΪһŮӣҲԴ˲Ǻó٣ӦǱȲġ
ʱѾ֮Ѫõǵ
£ƮɸӲӲôܵĽ;ǣƮĹл
Ҳڹɲ˷꺣׼κ
Ȼָὣĸǹײһʱɫȴˣ
ƮûڽϹע깥ԾԵͼɣԼĲɱ
˵ǹͬʯײأɱɽءôƮǱὣȴͬĴ󺣣ӵױȵ֮ʯײڴ֮УȻըӿĺХȴѽը٣ֻҪʯıըһӿȥĳˮǻ˻ģǺ
ƮԪ͸ָо
ڰǹײὣһ˲䣬ƮԪ޼ɢǹֱ룬ֱӽὣ䣬ȻὣƮҲͬƮһ㣬ǹĿ籩ɣ
Ȼֱ룬ҪɱƮʱƮԪ˻ˣǲԼ˻ˣЯһ˲û˰ǹЯŵһǰ֮Ǻˮû˵뺣еʯһ㡣
¡
͵ı飬öĿȴûըƮ𣬷ɢһ˲䣬Ʈеὣ·ͻȻһߣŰǹϯϣֱ
ƣȻɣֻҪһУԼƿ¾Ҫ
Ʈ֮У̺һǧ˸յط
ԥֳǹһȭŰǹ
꣡
ȭͷĽϣһҲûйĵطȻˣƮὣĽҲС
ȭͷڽϵһ˲䣬ϸС֮У֮
֮Խһûκע鱦ɷĩֱӵƮὣ
ǹˣȭ֮ϣѾȾһ˿Ѫ
ղŵ𶯱Ϊ˿ʼ̤֮·ʱѧϰ幦
ʱķȭղһ֮ͬ
𶯷㲻ʲôķ򣬵ֻҪʹȷ񼶵ĽУҲܷԼá
һմһֻѪˮεʱҪεѺѣˮΰζϣѪ׶ˣֻҪڴһģˮξͻ䡣
ղһ˲䣬ǿ֮ڰǹϵĻֻǹˡ
ƮѾ˿ֿԶ
ƮֳɫȻҵİڶţˮеˮһȻӳսȴ˵
ֻҪעƮԪԱҲͻȻ񡢼ͣһб仯
ʱ˵ߣһѺ
ⳡս̫ҪƮֳʵ̫ǿˣûжҲûչ¶սɡ
ƮȫԸĻսʽȻ仯ˣ˷ʤ
£ܲӮһδ֪
ƮԱǿ
ȻʮǰʤʱǺʤȻϸҲƺʧйء
Ϊսǰ鱨ȱؼʱûϳķĴ󲿷Ԫʯ̥ˡ
һ壬ʹץסᣬѸײڶ֮ƣϣػϢĻᣬÿһιĿѪ֮սһܡ
ƮȻ᷸Ĵ
Ǹ侲սߣҪҲֻƾԵʵѹƣ
ô

Сħɿҧ촽
߲ԶҲǰսȭͷûס
ˣע֮ǸӰ
ʱǿеһǻģ֮ѪıľſŴǣâҲࡣ
һĻһ
֮ռƣǸ⣿
Ҫʲô
֪
ûΪˣֻζţд㡣
ʱƮǷһ˿Ц⡣Լô
ƮĻͻǷ̡
ȻڽȻɵɵĽ͸裬ȷʵǷҵԤϣһûԤϴǾʵߵǷ֮·ΪȻ
ʥȻʮһ֣Ȼ漰ķ仯ȴԶԶĻű䣬ڷϣԽУΪʥ嶼ͷԼ֫ļһ
ʥȴֱֱȥײΪͬΪ߶ǻȭȵŮˡ
ǽ죬ʥƮϣȴˡ
˸ı仯ͷʥϣ߳Լ·
˸գǧƲǸķ򣬵õ񼶵սУ񼶵Ǿȫһˡ
ü򵥵ĸܸԭһһ㡣
Ȼ⣬Ǳԭ۶ϣƮʼһŮӣΪԲŲò˸աĵ·оԵô
ƮȫԸǴԼȡʤȫֻܿȡʤٲֵȴܸõƿأڼϴﵽ¡
ʱ󣬳
Ǹֳһ˳ǹЩǹɱʥɻĶ鱦
ȻƮѾ֪Ĵڣܲ͵ϮѾûˣó
߷ͬ𣬷ɢƮΧƮһ˫ϸһˡ


2071
ˣıȳְֳ֣ǹȻһ
ˡ
һǹǹҵԭİǹǹͷȻھҵĲУγһǹΪٵǹͷӰһƬȥ·ߴС
ǹ̺ĲԭͷǳֲǹǾ޴Ĳ鱦ֱӽ鱦顣
ˣİǹǹλҲģһǹ֪ǹͷ׼ȷλá
ۿģǹ⣬Ʈһ˿Ȼ֮ɫλȷİǹҪóȻҪ౶
ǹһԲߣߵе㣬Ʈʺ
Ʈ˳ȥһɲǣܵɱ
һһңһ£һ£òһģһϮɱ
ǹĹ켣һĳǹٶҪ࣬ĳǹٶޱȡ
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ֻߣԼĹҲע͵꣬սȻշǳǿȻǿһʤܽһľǿѹԷĻ꺣ɴ
ڣ԰ǹƮľ籩͵ԼĻƮƴɱˣ
ǲ֪Ļ꺣ǿȵΣƮھǿѾġȻޱӵĴǽǶƮ֮ϣ
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Ʈ̺ڷ籩֮еľıɢˣ
һ̣Ʈüһоˣղŵһǹֿ⣬ʵ̺Ÿ߶ѹĻ
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뵽ԼıգƮŭķ̡
ǰӵʱΪ˽⿪ƮڱµķӡӽƮĵ񼶹𻯾˲ʱС
ȻѾò׹Ҳûоߵľ硣
Ȼֻ˽Ϥȴѣ仹һĹһָ㣬ԡ𻯾еĵö˵һ𻯾ǰضԾܲˡ
ˣƮӵı֮УƮһ֡𻯾ӡЩӡҲ˹ΪС
ƮսƮ𻯾ãһá𻯾ƾͫĿԶʱ俴Ʈ𹥻ʽ֮еķŲԼԡ𻯾˽⣬ȡһȻ
ҲսƮһ̣


2072 ȫһսƮ
Ʈڵʣɫ糣˵ĳƹͽ˼룬佻𻯾ȷǲʣĳսʱֻа벽ΪóĵȴĻ
̶ĳոͻҪı𡣡
ЩֶΣҲǱεģĳԸ
һ˵ֱӰƮҭסˣȷǲʣȻ񼶶սһСһ󾳽磬ҪöԷһν׼Ǳͻˡ
ʵϣҲΪʵѾﵽ񼶣ǱʶҲû˽֮˿ķʽҲͱˡ
ƮĿ⽥֣еĳٿһʧˣȻǱƮֽ䡣
Ȼٴ㶯
һĻ΢΢һ£ҲһʱЩɻ󣬲һ϶ǣƮȻǳǫãʱҲҪȫԸóǿĵˡ
˶סȴƮĶ
ģƮϸһĵ⣬Ҳøǿ
ء
һȦȦľ籩ƮΧɢǡ𻯾Ȼȴǡ𻯾иߵȼķʽ
𻯾ƮĶйƮģʵϣչ̶ȣκ˶ܴ޵еԴһ׸߼Ҫվǰ˵Ļϣۺϴ졣
ͬ˵һչһһԭʼ䣬ǲһ֮ͻȻϣһƬ̻Ի͵Ļʹ
ǴеҪԣ𻯾Ҳǰ˵ĳɹȻƮļߣҲԼ͸Ľ
ȻƮ𻯾ޱĴӣȻҲվޣһصġ𻯾⣬ҲܸĽȻˡ
ȷʵǿҿڳҴвԶΣҼɵ㲻ֻǼɵδڣҸΡ
Ʈ˵䣬ĿƮƮԶ￪ϣα仹С꣬νš
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Ʈƽչ˫֣һƯֱϸ֡
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Ʈ˵嶸Ȼ߲⣬ԽԽѤëƮžµףҲëһӡ

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ʱ򣬴ȥȡǵʱ򣬶ҪָϲС
񹥻
кâһǹֵĲƮǿʵ۾ʤһȻƮ͵һצ̺֮˾񹥻˷ʤˣ


2073 
⡭⻹ô
𾪵˵߲Ʈ𣬾չֳͬʱڹ̺깥
Ҳǡ𻯾һأƮս
սԵ˵جΣڱƮ֮£ѾֵܵˣǿҪܡ𻯾ľûжܿ
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ʱҲɫȻҰףоǹɰԵƥĻ꺣һ޴ޱȵëǳǹһ㣬̶ֱ
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֮˿µķ籩Ӱٶȿ쵽˼£ҲԿ壬ѰֻܿһĲӰˡ
ȻǵĶȻǲϵĳСǵ籩ȴˣǵĽжôֲ
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Ʈɫ㣬ķ̫ˣȻÿ˵ʵȱܶ࣬Ȼȴӵǿķұ˴˼ĬԶˡ
ոջָ˵ͬչһұۣǹ֡
ɸһս
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Хһ˫ֳǹһƴɱ޴Ӱ֣ʱȫѪϴСС˿ڲ֪ٴһǣƮ
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һڸղŵľ޴ըٶ𣬼룬Ҳܿȼǿ⡣
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ͿõƮ㣡ƮʱƮıϣܱܿ๥


2074 ս
ƮǿĹֶξ˫˫צ˫࣬˫צڸƮ𹥻ä
ͺñﻢݵģһ޵ıϣȫģͲһˡ
䣡
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ǷŭˣǷŭϡ
˫ȻһչµļȫߵķһɳȥȻıȴ˫ȻһŤסƮ壬ûб˦
ȫְֳǹһǹ
꣡
ĹƮѪ巭ɣ
һĻȫɵˣսȻ˲ҵĳ̶ȣƮϣ
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ְֳͫǹɱ

һγɵǹâֱ飬Ҳһ˲䵹ɿܿһǹâĳ

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һӰٶȳ֣ƶ޴֣֮ͬĥһת
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ʵʱʮָӣǿ󣬻Ԥ֮ϣ֮ǰôû뵽Լһս֮н֮ǹϡ
ƮĻ߶һʵղǿһֱƮռϷ磬Ĵȥֵܼܲﶼûס

Сħ죬ˡ
ˡҲǲ˲亹Ҳã
µˣǸղŵս̶ֳȣʵںɵһ綼ɤˡ
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Ʈ˵˳ʥս˼ˡ
ԭʥĴս컯ʥʵҰĶƮͲ컯ʥƴɱ
ʥսʵӮʥҲᶯҡֻһ죬ʥ彫ռˣܽɱ
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ԭһսֻǸԼһ˳ɣӣһʵԤϣڶȻΪðƮľٶˡ
뵽Ʈߺ޵ĿһۣϧܽôԺҲû취ˡ
Ҽס
ƮĶ仰˵꣬ûκͣ廯һ⣬
һסˣû뵽Ʈߵôɴࡣ
Լһսôˡ


2075 
룬ǶֻҪһ˲ѡ
û°ɣ
ȿٵΪһ飬ûʲô󰭡

һļһ죬ԣһʷᣬԶסӡ
ʮ֮ڣ𼶵ΪսʤսƽƮսݹʮʷδй
ڰǰ·ˡΪʱʲôʵԴˡ
ʱ形ѾһƬڣǸߺ֣źγһƬƬ˳
ΪڳΪݺЩսʿȲĳˡ
٣ڼʥ壬ɱʱȷʵҪһӢۣҪĹ衣
һ칦ɡʱͬһһǰϣһ޵Χ𣬼æλá
칦᣿ҡҡͷûҪɡ
μ칦ᣬ˵˷ʱ䣬ҲҲ칦ʱֻԼɱ컯ʥʣ칦塣
бҪεĿڣ칦ᣬҲķ䣬õţǿ߶ԣǼΪҪģҡķ䣬ҲǶʿľ޴裡
ţ
΢΢һ£ܴ½ʱҲõ磺а񡱡ޡ֮ķţЩֻûУϵ
ȻһͲͬˣţǱҪġ
ÿԼķţŵ˺ȡԭ֡
𡢺ˡڰħȵȣСħɣͻ֮󣬶Сħ𡱵ķš
ԭСħɡɶ֣Ҳֻʸˡ
ħɹĵӣֻܽСħǡħ𡱡
ĺ󱲣Ҫһƺķʽǲֱ֣ǲ
ңΪĸǵĳƺҪǿߵϣǱ֣ȴδӵϣΪͨ
쳤վãƺ𣬶÷ȡˡ
˵ŶԣǳҪ
ڣҪϣΪѾʵľ䣡
λãʥģ˵еˡ
ںܶսʿˣǿʿ͸ǣʿ͵䡣
ĳƺȻӦʥһЩǰˡӢ֮ۡģˡ
뵽ЩҲãһŻбҪġ
ͷƾǰš

忼ʱƮѾչռŲƣܿ촩Խľ룬ֱӷǿŵһɫ鹬֮С
鹬棬ֻһˣ㷲ĵȺš
ʦ
ƮɻӭȥƮӣжȻһ
ʱƮ𣬻űӣȫѪëҲ˺ࡣ
û£ˡ
Ʈ鹬һ˲䣬ͽ˱ȫ鹬ĵ̺ϣѩ׵ļѾɺѪȾ
Щ˿ڣֻôĿģǰһĻ⡭ЩǸµģ
ǡƮͷ
ʦˣӲŵ˵ܸƮ֣ѾԽˣֻӮƮ𣬽Ʈˣ͸ˡ
̫ˣ
ûУҲûӮ˵ıءƮ̾һǰˣǿľ
Ϊ׼һͰҩҺ
ͬʥƮĻָԶѪĲ𣬵ʱʱĻָ̥й֮޲
ʵǿĵطڱƳ౶ͿµĻָ
һսնߣѪǿԶޣսսˣû£ԽԽǿԻöֱ
ϧ壬һܣûܷӳˡ
˵úܱ
ҲܵģƮںܶطǹָȴУصˣҪҩҺָܻø졣
壬Ͱ֮Уѩ׵ļɫҩҺ֬
Ʈ𻺻ĳȥ
֪ʮδΣҲ֪컯ʥʳغʲôı
Լʵ޷ӱ֡
ԭ컯ʥʵĶģһȷôƮ𿴲塣
̵ķóȻӽȥȻΣգЩ꣬Ѿˣ˳ˡ
һöӣҪӣأ
ΪʵҪ˭
زʮ첻Щ֪Ƿڵ֪֪յʮҡʮ˵ʵ޵ûһ˭Ҳ˵׼
ʮۺ컯ʥʵʵҲһա
Ʈֻ֪컯ʥʺͻ֮⣬񣬴Ŷλ񣬶컯ʥʺʮʲôʵûֻģĳΪ֮еٮٮߡ
Ʈһδ컯ʥʽֹڻۣû
֪Ƕ˵λλֻԼԲǶ˵κһĶֵġ

ʱħɹ
ħɹ㣬Сħ޹ůϣ֮УݾΥ´档
ǧ꾲ķؿڣĸ첲Сèһ˯
Сħɣ࿿ԣһаһϸָƤؿڻȦȦ
һ̵İݣŮǰδе㡣
ȻҲΪ㡣
ʵЩһֱȥ׷Ѱ۷δʱľѾȫռݣеŮ֮ѾܶĻ꺣̫ನˡ
Ȼǧķֱ֮ԼŮ´棬־ΥܰжȴԶԶǡܹݵˡ
֪˶ãǧĵ˫ۣͻȻڵҪһӡ
ǧĻһҲһˣźᡢ۾һգգĿ
Ҳ롭΢΢һ졣
ͣСħЦˣƵЦǧӲ˼
½ʱǾϺ粨֮УǱ׷ɱڼ䣬в֪ٴγټԼʵޣһֱʱûҪӵ׼
Ϊûлչ˺ӡ
ŮһʱȻΣȴһֱס֮ԴûҪá
Ǻ·СħһʱҲûҪӣֻΪСħѪͬСħɻмΪѣΪһеĸʼӽ㣬û̫⣬Ȼû뵽뿪·ʱȴнˣֻġ


2076 
ָ磬Щ꣬λкö㶼֪ءСħЩʹһ£˵һʲôȻ·߿ˡ
ʵСħ֪Ů˼ǿһӣѾǧˡ
Сħ˳˷䣬Ĺغ˷ţĿǧ꣬һʱв֪ʲôζ
ǧĬĬǣ֣һ˫۾
֪ǧ뿪ʱҪˣһƬ裬ġޣǼѵĽһУȻȴͽ޹ΪǵĽֻΪ˵ȴ֪ʱɱʥ壬Ұƻϣδҵ㣬ȴ˵ѾˡҲԸţȻȴģҲˡ
ʱҾ룬һĺӣǸöá
˺ӣҾģҿԽԼһеУעϣʱĳ⣬ҲڱΪҵмС
ǧ۾һգգĿ˵
Ҳ֣ˮۿдתָ磬ٹЩ죬ǲҪˣ
һͣӣʵڲġ
Ȼ֪Լʱ䲻ˣ̸еķʽƮԼһ˳ʥսʱ򣬾кܶ˲µĴ㡣
վǵ˵ͷ
û⣬Ҳû˸Уϵˡ
˵ָ磬ǧǰʱ򣬻ĶҿɶÿչŻĶĺĽĶĳɳǿģҲԼĺӣվǣÿλĶǵʱҶ룬ҲһĺӣǾͺˡ
˵䣬ǧӣ˼¡¶ָоʹ࣬˵塣
˵ˣʱ˵ʲôǶġ
ֻסǧ֣ӵǣţһĴϡ
һУôȻķˡ

֮һ죬û죬ѵõȫԼˮ֮
ÿһΣǧСĽΨ
һĻȻʧЦ
ʵֻҪסԼôеĸʣӽٷ֮ˡ
ΪľԪӵеʹʱ䣬ԶǷܱȵġ
ԽǿԽѷܲ٣ֻǿǿ࣬Լ
ķɲΪԼǿøǿ
ӵСħѪŮӣһ𣬻еĸҲᱻŴ౶ߵĻΪ̺ٵ⣬ǻиʾȫˣǲ÷˻еġ
δԽôСħ˵ڶ̥Ҳ޿ܡ
峿ϴ֮󣬻һ·˱þӣ죬ķ俪ʼˣ
еġ⡱Ϊ֮⣬Ϊأڷ˵ҲУǷ˻ʵڸɽϰݼأ蹦̵µʽ
ߵͲͬˡ
족͡ءָĲǷеأˣ
Ϊ֮󣬱ƿصķѾĳһ棬ƽˡ
˵棬ҲΪ
δ֮ǰѾ߾磬ҲСϵ£ΨҶ֮⣡
ķ䣬֮Ҫһ䡣
Ƽ˽λģֻһܱȣǾͻʱ
פأѾǱϵĵһ֮С
죬Ƭƣҫˡ
𣬶˸Ե칬ϰ칬Χ£һһѤϼͬһبУѤ֮
ЩϼΧ˷Բʮ֮Уš
澰ǿ֮У𺳣
ʱ򣬹ķţѾˡ
죬Ϊķţʮ߲Աרٿһλ飬ֱʷϴδйˡ
ķţԼȡʲôȡʲô
Լ޹ӵеսƽ߳ءء̫żȵȸΪԼš
Ȼķȴ岻ͬȨȻ⡣
ҪΪܣעҪʷᣬͲòˡ
ʮǰš𡱣Ȼôȥ𣬻޾𵽵׽ʲô֣ûʲô֪ˣȻҲǸʮǰĴٻ崫йء
һʼ𡱣Ԥʾ࣬档
ȻֱӱηˣȻǰͱռˡ
ͬҲˡ
ټġ𡱣׻𡱣а𡱵ȵһű
ԭƫȫȫ
ÿμӻ˶㽨̫顰ب˼һ£Ƿˣ˺Ϊ֮ǰҶ˵˺ܶ࣬ܲظ˼˺һ𡱣һȻ˵ҲеԢ⣬Ʋô
硭ͽС˻ʡɡ
˵֮οڡ
ڳˣ΢΢һ֣иԢ⡣
ʥʥʡ
лۡ
壬˻ʣ
ƺţҲλã˻ʣ֮ʣҲһˣ
δٵʷУΪ䣬¼ʷ֮УԺʷҲ˻ʵĳƺҲǡ˻
δ⸴ƺҲǡǰˡǡ¡ʡ
ƺţõϿɣҲʵӮõġ
ĳƺԼϲȡĻҲû˸ҽƺǶս
˻ʣ˲
֪ƺ֮󣬾Щţ漰棬˵һ㣬ϵδٵķսǽˣǷ䣬ʽʼ
һһᣬϯϵĺܶණĵرֵǣȥΪӶкô
ʹ䣬졣
˻ĳƺţҲŴ塣
һգƿֻأ˻ʱƬǿգ쳹ߵĿںš˻ʲ࣬棡
ںγ˷籩ÿһսʿѪڡ
ƣ֪ʦѪծʱˡ
ҲԼҪ뿪ʱ
ǰһУõʵõλĳݣ̡
ûоԵʵΪУ̫ãȫɾˮ£˵ʷȥΪǸʱ嶼ܳΪʷˡ
ʱ䣬ʮֽȣ


2077 뿪
֮·롪
ڷ֮Ͷһˣա
֮űˣԼļˣ׼Żʦ
£ϢĴĳڣԼһˣѾ뿪棬·
ڹȥʱ䣬ǧ̻ˡ
Ů˿ʼ׼ʱٴαչأһһĲĵļ䣬ԨԽԽ̣ҲԽԽϢģԨħͺڰԨԺнγһ
һµĲ²⣬ӿļ䡣
ΪԻĻϢҡģȷԼĲ²⵽Ǽ٣һ뷨Ҳе뷨ǾԼȥԨһ
ʮ죬ԣѾûʲôطȥˡ
·ԼѾ̽˼£ԭȻû̽飬ѾԼԼ򣬾ȥˣҲоջ
οһۣȻ֮ǰʥ˵Լ֮Ҫʼõıչأ֮꣬νġ֮ȻҲȷֱչػ᲻;ͣ͡
˼ȥڶԣȥĵطǺڰԨ
ںڰԨ֮Убʮǻ࣬ҲǿĿ´ڣڰԨ֮У̺ܡ
Щܣ漰ǰʮ٣漰ϵڻ֪·֮ǰ棬ʲôʷǷйһԻ͵ʱأ
ǣȥڰԨ֮ǰȴһ·һЩҪɵ飬Ǳһʱ䡣
ѡģ·ŵ㣬롣
ǧǰСħһ·ģ֮У᪵׷ɱڤӡ
Σ֮Сħ˫ͻƣɱڤӣһĻĻоգڤӶǶµḶ́ҲǴĿģһСľٲ
ڤӵĽթЩļ£ʱԼܹɱڤӣõ᪺һ벽𣨻ɱԭ򣬱һء֮Ĺ
֮Ĺ˵·һӣһλ̫ŽµĹأ˰ʱ󷨺ѾޱȣĹֱɱλλӦöѡ
֮Ĺ˰ĳߣΪԱ˰֮Ĺе󷨣ɱ᪺ͻɱˡ
Ϊ˱ʾлǸ⣬ʱŰ֮سŵԼδ֮󣬻ػΪ޷Ĺ
ڣˡ
ԼԺе֪ʶʱ䣬Ĺ֮еĸɱһһ޸ҹע㹻ڼ󷨴ؼ䲹Ԫ㣬Щ㹻תʮˡ
һҲȴԼһ׮ŵ
˰֮Ĺ⣬һŵǾӦģɱ顣
һ㣬ԼĽˡ
ʵҲ൱
Լʵǿüƣֱ潫ܵĻҲס
⻹ֻǻܶѣɱȫֻҪߣԼס
սôƴԼҲռʲôˡ
£ϳУܿô󷨺£ɱ飬ͻλʱ򣬶δаա
ѡ˱չأҲҪһĿģһ֮ءȡ
֮Уʱ߶ȺͿռ߶ȶĳĹ֮ŤˣȵʱΪʮһ
ȹȥʮ죬ֻһ졣
ʱ粻ϡ棬еʱ磬Ť򣬲Ӱߵѵˣ
ȻдţҲûд۵ġ
Ļһɲ䣬ߴ򣬸ûлԵûսɱٶȾԿ첻ȥһʥҪһչصǸʵġ
չ磬ֻصʱʱزãҲûн֮С
һҪЩвûС
ڶҲǸҪģ֮еԪԣЩϡΪȫԳɿռ䣬ԪҲԼѭܶɢ֮еǻ˵ķ
Ȼޣ˵ʱӽʱҪմ֮ˡ
ȣһ֮ء
ڣȴȫͬˡ
ġʥ䡷Ѿںϣħ֮ҲѾԳϵҲ㹻֮Ѿ൱ߵľ磬ǷȱΪ
οɹͻΪʮ٣˴ƬϹžķ
ʱЩϹžӰʱǵϢ򣬲ɱı̳һ㡣
Щ֮
ԣȱҪķ
ԪԪƶǲ٣ѹûԪ˻֮
һ޴⣬̺ޱӴѪ֮Ͷħ֮
ûԪҪջ֮ľˡ
̤ȣһѰ߶ԾԵأ˵ȴͬԼһ԰һݡ
ʱô꣬ٻȣһжû䣬޾ĿݹǣӦǳ·ֵ֮ģǺޱȵĹڣ
һƬҰĿ£ֽܶڿȥϣﱻƷˡ
ȻʱĻȴֹˮ
ڰţܸƽ


2078 ո
Щ꣬ѹܴ󣬾ĥҲ̫ˣһ԰ȫĵطһӾͷ
·˵ֲµ󷨣ƮȼԳɡ
οû˻ϵԼʱ
棬԰ȫ
ʼ˱չء
̫ҪջĻ䣬Ҫ൱ʱ䡣
ҪȥڰԨûлĵļοһȥĸѨࡣ
ҪԼ̣ڻġ
ʱţ֪¡
˾Ե״̬֪ʱȥ˶ãֻ֪ԼͷϵĳӺһֱ˵ϣһ
ҳڼһʱκħԳϫϮȫҳϯȻ
еħԳϫ·ʱǿӦھ͸罸ʯ΢һ㣬޸о
ǣȴ˺ѣħԳϫͽЩ·˺һɶѾȫ㡣
¶Ƥʱʱķɫӫ⣬ջ֮
ԣ֮ǿ󣬵ҲǱʵԸ߶ѣֻҪһʱ䣬ͻᳬ֮ʱ򣬻֮ͻԵüˡ
û֮ЧķǼȡоڷչ
ʱţյĻ֮ԽԽ࣬ЩĶħ̺ķҲˡ
ģ·һƬȫռ֮УƬռһ־޴ʱպڶڻתţΧһʿʱպڶᱻתС
ȳһͣǡ
ɷ򣡣
һ񣬻ĵѪ⣬֮У̺ɷܣԼѾ˻Ļ꣬˻֮Ѫ⣬ԭڻĵһоתƵԼϡ
ô
ҲҲԳɷܣӶĵ츳Ӷ
Ȼǰ죬ֻҪ̳мٵһ츳ˡ
˵ģպٶȣԶܱȵġ
ɣһеֶΣһԼٳɳĽݾ
ˣԥ񣬽ȫľעڻĻͻ֮Ѫľ֮У̰ļȡеӪ
֪һȥˣֻǹʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ӽˣһһŮкΪǧȡΪŮΪȡΪ
ӵ֣ͬʱǵĸ׺ĸס
츳ֻĲһЩ̳ͬѪδȥҲس˽ܡ
ʮȥ
ʥѾݱΪƮ˳ս˿ѷʥ壬ĺܶѾջˡ
ԭɢǣĶ׷ϲ
û⣬ȴǧڿһĻʱǺ顣
ǼȥҲĿˡ
ʮսʥĴս˵ʵֻǺ̵ܶʱ䣬Ҫո򣬻Զ
ϾǴ磬ǧ
֮ǰս˼ꡣ
巴ĴսҲҪٴſƽ
ǣĵʮ꣬ʥĲӿʼ
óռ磬׷׳齢ɻʥ졣
糱ˮʥһˣӾûκ赲Գֱˡ
սʿޱ˷ܣȻָӴսЩãȻĽЩϡ
ʥˣô죿
Σʵǵ׸ò׷
ʣʥΪ컯ʥʱչأ;жϣۿЩ򲻹ˣԲò˻ʥ죬ʵ
ڵʥ壬컯ʥӵȥƮ˵˳˵ȺҲΪ˻ʥ죬ǼΪİ취
巴ԭսòɣսʥ죬ȥʥǳ֪ʥӣǷǳðյġ
Ī׷οǹ¾롣
Ȼλ´׷ΪһڣͿԱסĴ󲿶ӡ
Ȼףô׷ռʥ죬˵ܶһЩʥ֮⣬ͲܻʲôôҪ׷
½Ϊ˼սʿ
ѪܰҪЩʿһ
һ򣬱ʮꡣ
ʥս͸ˡ
Ԫδָϵֻʣһٶǧˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ֻһˣ컯ʥʳս棬̾Ͷ컯ʥʵûɱˡ
γսʥ죬ʥҲŶɱ
θ壬ڱڣľӿԲսٶԶ࣬±ΧȻβܴսʥ岿ӵҪ𡢽ʥ
̫ˣȥսʥ죬һ
ܿ죬ս˽֡
ʥս£Ѿȡò̫սˡ
Ҫսȥʥ򣬴ɱͼ֮⣬ûбȻʥҲûʲôʥ塣
ǣʮ꣬˻
ʦһգʮ񻶣
֪ӯǸǧʱ䣬һһŬջԭǵ
ǱסϣѪԡ
Ȼ⻹ֻʱģѾ¶ģδʥηǶսȥһֱսһˡ
ʤҲʷϱùá
ֱַǡ˻Ρ
ûٳƺΪ𣬶ƺ
ҲӦΪˡе˻ʣΪˡе
һһڻԻĳƺ
ۡ󡱡ʡһЩ壬ڵλߵŮϰԳƺţŮ֮䵽ǲǷûйϵ
ϲӭؽʱȴ֮бչأѾȥʮ꣬ȱ߰ꡣ
߰꣬Ѿʼ˴תĵߴת
תڻ֮ںϵĹУҲһģʼڻĵɷĵ츳һһӡԼӡ֮С
Ѿȫƿ˶ħ֮ҪαװһԨħᱻ˻ɣұ˻ΪԨħеĸߵȼڡ
ΪԨƽ˵·һԨֱ
߰ǱޣḶ́Ĳ֮гλ
ֹ꣬Ѿﵽλ𶥷壬ڷۻдǳĻ֮ޱķ
ټӵ츳ջ֮Ѫ⾫ˮһ򵥵ʱٶһǧﶼˡ
ڽȺһǧ꣬оԼѾ㹻ͻλѾˮˡ


2079 λ𣬷
·ģԶ˾ηǴ𶼲ԸĵطС
ȣǴ˼ɵľأҲԸӽ
عɱ֣ͬĪʱռ϶߽֮󣬾Զʧˡ
Щ꣬ҲֻһЩ͵ȼߣھԶ뷶ΧڣѰĻᡣ
ȻΣأһСľʬ޴棬ҲòˣϾҪ棬Ҫɳ·ɱΪձ飬ûʵܱܿɱԽûʵܱһҹ̲֮š
ȻΣգʢʯΪ⣬ֵɹ鱦
һգУнŵ߰˸ߣ˵Ĵ£һȺڴս
ЩȻγɵа
ԭһ޴ķʮڵʱ䣬ﲻ֪ȥ˶šǿߡˡޡЩȥµѪ֮򣬵ȵණյĿռзͣγа
ʵĪ˵Щ˵ĳǿˣǶ汻ڹʳ֮󣬶ܽĸ
ȺˣͱнаˣЩаʽǳ죬ʣֻһȻһӹ壬߱ʧѪֱӱа︽Ŀ֮±Ѫ⾫ɸʬ
ʦǳŲסˣһӲһаĹ󣬼ѵĺ
ǵӳȥٴȥҶһ˵
ȻһȴЦţһֻаûûˣ˦ЩаҲֻӣԶȣȣֻǿڣǾԶزˣһƬأҪ䣬ƴһƴҲϣ
˵ţ˶зνϣʵϣ̫ˡ

һŮӲҽһȻˡ
аսж˲Ѫôȥ֧һӵʱ䣬ҶҪ
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Щ򣬱һһ䵽޷֮С
޷һƴͼôƴͼ֣һʮͼΡ
·ʮʮһһһһ޷Բ
ûгʱȥ·һ飬ǹƾյٷ򣬾Ѿ˲ˡ
ЩĲҲڽʮƴͼһһԭڵλãˡ
ղŵĺڹ⣬ͻλʱ򷢳ģٽһʱ򣬶
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а˾ηרŴݷĵطܳԭ򣬷򣬼λ٣ȻЩаǾ£Բܳݡ
ǡ1768ꡭ
еһ˿ˮѵĻشϰԵģֻ˵ĺλβѡ


2080 Ŀ꣬Ԩ
·Ȼ·Ǵ·֮һֱڵġ
ʵϣһʮڵ֣Ҳǲܵ顣
·ͬĵطͬʷϣÿһͳһ·һ󲿷ͻµԪꡣ
õͲһ
ڴģʹôѾʹˡ
ǰͻȻ˵1768ꡱ֣΢΢ʵ121768ꣿ
ǰչλ֣һ
˶ʱ²⵽ǰӿѾܾòˣټǧ꣬ԲҪǰȷϼλ
˵˭Ϊôа﷢ĵľºͳ
ֶΣûаɣ
ѵʲôڴ˱չصϹˣ
뵽﷢ղǵڹ⣬Ǵ֮зģܲڡǴ֮гİɣ
ʶܵһ㣬ü˶㶵˵ˡ
Ϊ׵ˣǵûشĵǵģǰ
ǰľʵ걲Ҳûндֻ䣬ԶûеĴˡ
121768꣬ô˵һαչأѾȥǧˣ֮ǰΪһǧǰͻƵλ룬Ǹ֮ǰֻǺںʮʱ̫죬ȫңû׹ȥ˶á
ǧ꣬Ҳʵٶꡣ
ٶʱ䣬ݵ컯ʥṩϢ컯ʥӦûûгأҲˡ
ʵ컯ʥʳˣҲ£ڣȻ򲻹컯ʥʣֻǱļˣǲӦòġ
ͨˣټ֮ǰʹͨ˵ģθӵĺ͵棬Ѿɶ㣬ýʣõˡ
£컯ʥҳɱ徫ӢףҲҪץʱ䣬ɲ뽫˽
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ߵٶȺĴȻһ۵Ĺʧˡ
аȻԭء
ΣСһ£һаһѺ˵ǿߣ
ǳᣬٴ룬ȻȻľһֱ߳룬ûܵκаĹ
ֱСӳǲ֪иһĻ൱һƬΧڶˡ
һĻ澰汾ڴ
ȻΪ²̫࣬汾ͬ˵ĺܽӽʵҲȡˣϾ˼飬˿˵ûʲô˵
ģȵһĻݱһĴ˵ˡ

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һƬǿ֮Уǰվߣ·ػߣҲΪ·˷ʹӡī
ҪȥڰԨ
ľЩ㵣ȥڰԨʵ̫Σˡ
λǰҪȥڰԨǾ˼ˣңȻһЩԼķӦòᱻϳʵȷһ£йԨԨħܡ
˵ţ߳ĬһʱҲ˵ˡ
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Ļ΢΢ݣǶһۣڵںڰԨ֪ҲֻһЩ²⣬ǵϵǿȷʵѾǧˡ
šȻˣǰƽ٣Ҳ̫ԨħĽˣ
ѯʣһ㣬ʵܶ˿Ѿ֤ʵˣѲµһĵļ䣬Ҳ֤һ㡣
ǰһս֪䣬е棬ɴΪˣȰǰǳƽ٣ʥսʲôˡ
Ȼƺǧǰ汬µĺƽٰɣȣǰԨħǻĴսֻһ׮С˰ɣ΢΢֮ͻȻʳһ仰ҲӻĻƲĶ
ΪȫȷԲѯλߡ
˵λһ£ƺȫûϵʳ
Ƕһۣǧǰ飬Ѿ̫ԶˣԶ£޷׷ݣˣҲֻһЩƲ⣬ƺ̫ŽżͺڰԨһγɵġ˰ǳٽ𣡡
Ȼһ
ʵ˵һЩ˹֤ΪΥ򣬸ɾǣﶼɽܱѣӿܶǳ䣬ǧҲ٣ûʲôܿסʱĴĥ
ôʮأ᲻Ҳһأ
ǲµĴѣһһйһ᲻ڡ
֪ħϿܾŴӡ
ȻҲӣζŴҲе
еȻл
ʱī˵˻ɣڰԨ̫ŽżǧǰʮµһƬ磬ƬΪʲôûиŻǾͲö֪ˣ
ԨħҲǧǰʹ˵һֱںڰԨԭڰԨƺʮǸģǺ֪ΪʲôԭͨˣԲű˰ǰĴѡ
Щֻ˵Ĳ²ѡ
īĵ˵ⷬʵԨħһ뻳ɣǾԨħʮǻС


2081 
īͳĹ֮ͨУĻԼļһһӡ֤ģ֤ʵԼõģйذǰԨٵϢ
ǰʮƽ٣֮ڽ
·ͬڰֶͨΣ֮ڣڰԨϾԨħԴֽԨħնɱ
Žδƽ١
֮ڣֻʮǻͨԨħȴᱻ֮⡣
֮ҲиɻģʱıǨʱ϶ĳЩԨħпͨʱ϶֮ڡ
ԽǿԨħʱ϶ĸʾԽ͡
һЩ϶ԨħǶʵҲܶʮʲô
ʷ⣬ʮǰȴһͷޱȿֲԨħ֪Ϊδ֮ڣʮ˴ѣһֱ
Ԩħǡġ
Ϊʲô֮ͨڣȴûܴӻĻ̽ȷеڻĻ֮Уһ󲿷Ӧ˱ļ֮Уһ֣򱻷ˡ
̽Żĵļ䣬ǿյһ
ʱǰһڵĵ伮Ȿ伮ǵϪµĺ顣
֣Ļķ棬һӵԨĹǺҹ֮Ķħ֮ۡ
˻Ļļ䣬Ԩ˽һ˽ʱѾܹˡ
ĬĬķķ棬ֺķ棬ƺǱסˣޱȡ
ѾǵһηⱾصĵ伮ˣÿһηȴµķ֡
ԭǣЩԨ̫ɬˣõĲȱϢƬǲס
ڰ֮Դħ䡭
ĬĬĶ⼸֣˳õ붨֮С
ǰ˸صĹâе
ѾȷⱾ飬ʲôؼҲص䣬鱦һħ䡱дǡӵļġ
Щĸȫ޹أҲ޷ֱߵʵļֵȴͬһ㡣
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ǺڰԨħͼڣޱȿֲ
ÿħ£ӵһǿԨħЩԨħ֮У൱λλĴڡ
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ǰĺƽ٣̫ͬش˺ڰԨʱΪսʮʧأħ˥˺ü⼸ħµˡ
ÿһһĺ顣
飬ȫǼģģǺڰԨһĹءħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮ĹǺڰԨĸڣҲǺڰԨصĵط
̽Ĺħ֮ĹܣȻڻĻ֮ڣڶħ֮ĹϢδڣ˻֮֮УҲ޴̽ˡ
һ飬һΪ桱
͸ġһ桱һΪ׵Ԩħ֣۷ʱʵ൱
к飬硰桱١
桱ıڰǰĴսѾˡ
ڻɣԼڶν·ʱ򣬴ʥ컯ʥĶħǵ걻·ɱһħµĽᾧ
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һһĽһн֮ĺ˺顣
վڷȥ
Ҫô
ī
˵ͷǣ
ðɡ
ȥѾīٶ˵ʲô
죬뿪·ʥ죬һ·̫Žż


컯ʥսʱ˵й̫ŽϢһޱȹشأʮ֮⣬ĻԵء
ʥôܹϵĻԼҲ̫Žżкܴϵ
죬Ƭء
һƬ磬磬ɵ֣·Ļƻ衣
ڤڤһĪּ֣Ϣĸо
Ȼѹ˵첻κӰ죬ǵͽȴҪ粽ˡ
޾ķ֯ݺ˸ƣһԿе߲ʿ̺ۣɢ⣬һ顣
һǰߣܿ죬Ϳ;Ŀݹǡ
ݹǺܶ࣬Ѿ࣬ЩѵĹϣ˰߲ºۼȺۼŨ£ܹڵѪȹ̣Ƭﲻãͻһ߸ʬʬ帯ٶȣҲѰĿ졣
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Ļеļ䣬΢΢Ϊ罫еҲὥưܣ·˿˵Ĵ
ǰоƬ縯ൽ̶ֳȣӦͻ˲ǣΪʲôȴһֱأ
ڤڤУǺַ֧ôûܻƬ磿
ƬУζЩ޾ǰķƬּϢڵ֮Ĺš
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еֻСޡ
ңԶĵƽϣԼɽľ޴ʯѻһ𣬿ǵжôΰ
Ĵ࣬ûһģȫ棬Ƕյǿ졣ȴ޾Ĺﱻʴ١
ÿһܹоΧĪǿϢ
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һˮ羵Ůԡ˾ұȻĶ
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Ȼǰľʲôüѿһͫƻͻ͵âֱӽ飬Ů飬һ취Ƭɢ
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һɽ޾ħ޹ģ׹⽻֯糱
ſŷЩħϢȫɡ
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졣
ڼ䣬Ҳʥߣ̫Žĵż
Щż̫ŽܲأҲΣգܶʥ߽УҲûܳȻ˴֮ܲУ˾Ե


2082 ֮
֮󣬵ƽߵľͷܿĺڷڵĿˮ
ڵ罻֯࣬
֮Уӿķ籩Ű´µģ·ӴħУɢһĪĿֲϢ
һƬڣããޱ߼ʵԨǰ
һĻоħϢͫ΢˸һĨʡ
ˣĻСڰԨڣ
̫ŽżشǺڰԨڣ꣬ԪҲǴ˺ڰԨ
ԽƬԨĺӿҡ
䣡
ȵߵԨڣǰĺɫڵ˳һϯ
죬ããһƬӿڵʱضû죬һҪײѿ
̫Žżһθоһѹ
̲ĪɵӴǿߵϢСǿϢֹһɣ·ǧǧǿϹһĿĵĹš
ߣҪѹ£ֱӻҷ𣬺
Ҳֻеٮٮߣþܹѹƴ˳ڰԨ
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һȫ֮γһɫĻܣһǿ͵ĺɫ˳Ҳ˵֡
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Ťˡ
ܵڰԨһƬĿռ䣬һз򶼱ŤΣʱͿռ䣬Է˽ⲻʧҵԹ֮УԶ޷
ۺ֣صĺڰԨھߵοյڲˣ
ҲǺڰԨޱصԭ
߸룬ֻоǿܹУҪðΣգǶԺڰԨ˽⼫Ϊޣܹܲ⿿ЩڰԨ̽鱨
΢΢ͣһڳŤķпͨɵģģͬһʸһ㣬ֱ̺ڰԨ
֪½˶ãֻݡһ죬һɫӰֱӺԼĻ֮ϣ
һȥȻղųϵĺһŷ·ɫɳĶڡ
ֶСǼ򵥵һȴƺʯǿƥĳ
һΪһɳȡϣϸ鿴
ǽɳһУиоȱȴǿϢưܹϵӽɳɢĳʶ
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Щǣǰǰ̫Ԩħսʱµġ
ڰԨڣǰǰǳսȥǿ߲֪ж٣
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ƽʱڷ籩֮У裬ܵȻڣײĻ֮ϣ˲顣
в̣ʼЩǣתʮԨ֣Ťķ֮пٳһ·һֱǰѡ
̤ͨܿǵĳһ⣬ֱڰԨ
֪˶ãڣ̤һƬɫĴ֮ϡ
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վƬ֮ϣĸ𺳣֪µƬʵͲǴأ·˺Ͳֲµ֮ڣ
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֮ϣһͨԨֻͨʮſͨУԨħᱻ
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֮ϣڤڤУо··ǹĺʱԿϢ纣ʬ·ߡ
ЩʬǣеԨħеִܹϵϸСĶϹƬ֤ˣЩŹǵǰѾǿ󵽲˼ĳ̶ˣǵĺǲܳסʱĥͳˡ
㾭ôõʱ䣬·ܿսĺۼЩۼڴϵģȫǶС
ۡצۡۡȭӡǹЩӲĴ˷Խ˾Զʱ䣬ܸܵǹ֮ɱ
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·𿴵ȻгɱһǧڱڣʥɱɱлΪһѪڵĽɱȥ
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һǣҲޱȵĺ
ȻֻǼ̳ȴһΨҶĸоһ˹ŽδﲻһСС
Ȼ߽ˣȴ֣̳ʵʮɸߣղſһУƺǺ¥ˡ
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̳֪˶õ£һЩطѾǣԿһЩҲѾâ
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ǳ̳һټǳֻļٵľһ̳֪ҪĶٿǳǳȡ̣Ǹ죬֣
ȻǳһͿԴڱǳҪƾõʱ䣬ܾࡣ
Ŀӹ̳Ͷ˼̳֮е֮ء
һͭޱȵĲԹţǲƬͭ⡣
ٵطȥȻȭӡۡۡ
ڵõһǺɢĺǲͬߺǣͨӨ͸ֱɵƷһ㣬û˿֮
⺡ǳվƣ˫ʮָ棬һ𣬷ǰ
һߺǱ̬Ȼɢ䡣
ߺǣסˣǡ˭ĺǣΪʲôܱ


2083 ˮ֮
һ·ǣЩɢ̾ϢϵϹǣЩڷ籩з׷ɵĹƬûһƬǾǿ£һģǶ鸯ˡ
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ǰһ߹ȴ⡣
˭
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Ȼ֪̽ȥʱȴֲˣǸǣʵѾ̳Ϊһ壬Ǽ̳һ֣һģǳ̳ȴǰǰġ
ʱ䣬ǳưˡ
ô⸱ǣҲȻǰǰ̳֮Уһֱı
ʱ㣬ԺиոճֵӰų˴룬ʣǰߺǵǰѾǿľ磬ҲѾƽԽ񣬷Ĺ޷
ΪΪʲôû
΢΢Ĭʵǰߺǣ֮ϵϹǡǣǶǰǰڴƽ֮ľǳսʮʤգȻ̫壬Ҳ˲ʹĴۡ
ȻЩֵǣ̫ϾҴߣЩҴΪβЩ̫ǿǣϹսΪı
ϣԾǿ߶ԣԼĹʹУƺѾһϰߣԼĴвϾҲǵźõݺͰ
̾һеһֱôǿߣŹɢԨϹ籩裬ķѣҡ
վڼ̳ǰΪЩȥĬãԥ̤˼̳ڼ̳֮ϣѪЩѪƳصͼڣ̳ʹ˰ʱ䣬ɢźƴ纣ϢϢɱ֮һ𺳵ǰݡסů
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صһɲǣһ֮Ȼתħ֮ͬʱѪ֮תħѪҲӡ
͸оԼԵɱˡ
һɨԼ壬ƺڷֱţԥţģûȥǹɱҲʧˣһлָԭӡ
̳Ϣֱǹɲ׵ľ񣬽ԡУƺܸܵȫĵƽɡ
һоղŵ˲䣬Ѿߺ
Ĳ²⵽ղͻȻϯԨħġ
ԼڵĶħ̳֮еĴ󣬶ջǷֱԼݣƽϢ
룬Ԩħ̳ϣ˲ͻᱻɱ
Щ֪̽̽ϵļ̳
ϻĻеһЩȱƬΣˡ
ϵļ̳ѹڵۣΪ֮ڵصأ̳ӳ˲ػԨħ޷
̳ƻĻ֮ҲгױѵΣգĺ᲻롣
Ҳ˵ģǰǿߵĺǣ޼ܴ֮ڰӨ͸Ĺʣκ鱦Ҫöࡣ
ĺǣȻҪ󷨵ıӻ
⺡ǣѲɻǲµģ
ͷǰľǿߣ뵽ľ·˺ͲīͳĿ·˻⺡ǣпǲˡ
ߵ֮ǰ
˵ĺǣܻɭֲĸоȻ߶ԣָо΢ô˵ֶҲκεС
Ȼǰ⸱ȴƺ⡣
ΨϾÿһתŵĹ⻪Ļˮʮָ棬ƺϵٲȻһʹ
һǣ·ؼƷ
ĬƬ̣С֪̽ǽӴţ̣Сһ´ǿߵĳߣҲԼĻ꺣ǷɣϾľڵԼҪǿö࣬ʲô߲ĳִĻܶԼľ֮ɴˡ
Ȼһֱĸ֪ͷǵüģҲûо쵽κεĵ⣬Ȼ˶ħûбɶħħֻ֮Ϊãûиıʡ
һϣԪȫһ
Եѹ¶ħ֮󣬼̳е󷨣ľܹ赲ģһϵһ
һ˲䣬ͷ֮Уܵһ˲Ϣǿ͡ضִ
˴ʹԵ꣬һУһŮˡ
Ůģ
һʱֻһ죬ǵۿ֮У㱵Ļ
ۿŻͬǴɫɫ
ɫĻͬڤɭֲɫĻͬԴ
ֻط򣿡
һյģǡʥ䡷߷
עյ𣬻㱼䣬֮תĹ⻪ԽԽʢЩ⻪ۣǱһööϸСĹ㣬鲼ڹ֮ϡ
Щֻ۴С˴һƬȫʹǿȼշ⣬Ө͸
һ˸ԱЩʲô壬ȻεڿЩһ˲䣬۾Ȼһ
ʲô㣬һƬƬķģЩ̫СˣԿֻһ㣬Ƿҵԣ֪ж٣
Ϲžǿߣ޷ջữɷģԿǵѪ֮ϣҲˣѪɺ֮УͲ֪ں˶ٷġ
ȻЩģʵܳõıǿʱƣǻɢ
оǿߣԸ򣬻ڽʱ򣬰ѹѪезɢ
ǰһĻһƬƬķԻһ߰ǰĹ֮ϵ澰ֱ˼顣
Ȼţȴ˸㵵һĻ
ǵüģԻһͼΣ˾κˣ


2084 
ˮǵüģһƬƬһĹЩͬɰΧһԲģһĻ
Щ꣬һöÿһöƺ񻪣롣
ͫףӳöɰһĻ㶵վ˺ܾãǧǰȱչصʱһǧǰ̫޽أںĿ֮УһµľŮӡ
Ůӵòʥһģһʡ̬񶼼Ϊƣⲻɺϡ
Ůӵüģоöɵӡǡ
ֻǣǰŮӺвͬǣʱеŮüĵĻӡǣֻаöȫչģһöֻ꣬һ㣬ûȫչ
ڣǰ˸Ļ䣬öһһչ
⵽ǡ
ԺУʥľգֿܣһ־⻨ΪĳһӵеһӡǣǰˮǺͺеŮӶˡ
ȻԺСϾ־ŮӣڰǰϹʱҲࡣ
ԣܵǣǰˮǣǺеŮӣ˰ꡣ
ѵʥĻǰǰһǿת
ͷоЩ
Ͼʱ̫ˣʲôǿԽʱ䳤ӣתأ
ʥȻʵǱѹţʥ۾ǲô򵥣֮гˡ
һʥǰǰľתҲδػܻ۵Լɣ
Ժͷö꣬ĸ֪ϴԼڿĻ꣬ŮüļĻͬһ֣ǲƣϢҲһ
Ϊλֵھö겻ͬǿζţ仨ӡǺŮ޹֣硪ת
תһΣŮӵüıһöӡǣתŴΣӡԲ
ʱںпŮӵʱתڰ˴Σھתδɣ
ڣŮ֮ǰȻĴתѾԲˡ
Щв֪ʲôζ
ç飬Ϲǣ绪ŮҲӲտݹǵĽ֣ЩϹŰ콾ҲɳϹġ
ˣҲ
ŮŹһݣһ֮ŮۿеĻѾϨˣֻЩ鲼Ǳķģȴ˸ţĿЩĵӡ
ЩģϹžŮһģ̺ǡʥ䡷صֻأ
ȡʥ䡷ŮŹϵķĺͷûпƪҲûнֻ޾ķģһöһöӣһöһö
ЩģԴڡʥ䡷ּŮԼԡʥ䡷⣬롶ʥ䡷ȫͬ
ͨʥ䡷ûǸȫЩʲô
ҪЩӵĹģҲףֻǷٵƾǿļȫԺ֮С
ֻ꣬ˡʥ䡷֮ƪ֮ƪʥһͱԴļ䣬ʵ
ǿԼֻأ֮ƪˡ
״̬£ǰľŮµĹģɵֲڡʥ䡷Ϻܶȱʧĵط
ЩԼһһӦܶطֻȻʵĸо
һ۵Ḷ́Ȼ콾˽ܿԴԴĹǻǰ˴еĻϣƾմԶǰˮƽĹ
תο˼ֻأĶжộ֮ϵ̶ϣ޷ǰͶעڡʥ䡷֮ϵĲȡ
ġʥ䡷֮ƪ汾һһգڡʥ䡷ϵĳɾɻһ
̰ļţһʱȥˣϵķ֮ԽԽȻĵԻ̵ֻܳܶʱ䣬Ŀ΢΢һӿĶٶȡ
ЩޱȸӵķģӹԺ֮󣬱ļ䣬ȫӡڻ꺣С
ֱĵĹâҪɢʱѾеĹģסˡ

һƹâɢˣ̳ϵָ˺ڰǾҲعƽ
ߺǣٴһݡ
ղԼľ̽ˮ֮ЩľˣȻɺϡ
ôԼڵʥ䷨򣬼˹ģ
ֻ֮ڣһƲʶΪ̳֮еĴ
ĻЩģͿһʶԼġ
뵽ԽԽϹʱĴԽԽ˷룬ʥŮӣǰĲʲôϵ
ǵĹһУʥ䷨ȻĪĹϵҵʱ޽صĺУŮӶ·һĵ⣬Ҳ֤һ㡣
Ůӵʵ֪ʲô̶ȣûгԽ񣬵ҲǷǳӽˣ
Ůѵһˣ
ţȴҡͷǳ칬ԭǺսֹһεļµӰһӣǰŮȫͬ
˵ŮǲŮ֮࣬ƺҲûʲô˵Ȼ˵һѪĻǿߵĸʻܴ󣬿˶ӽѾﵽԽ񼶵ĻǾЩˡ
벻ЩҲȥˣʱĸ֪ӳȥͭͭڲһֻתŵɫС
ɫУ֮ڵһ֣Ҳ֮ͨڰԨͨͨɫУ·ĺڰԨ
Ԩ֮УԨħ
ɫУҲֻʮǻͨټϺڰ̳ɱ˫ر֮£ûĸԨħ
ص³һɫȥ


2085 Ԩ
̾Ϣڵ˲䣬оǴһʱ֮ӣ֪˶ãҲǧ꣬Ҳһ˲䣬Ժӹֻҵ龰һƬɫ֮ϡ
ƬأޱȻ¶ʯһ޼ʣƬϿգһޱȳءçĸо
֮УžſգſһߣһĳѪɫ⣬ѪΪ֮
Ԩ
һĿޱȣҴŵѪϢǱĬӰ˵˱ÿꡣ
΢΢һ£һ̣ӰһɵһƬɫɽ֮С
ɽ忪ʼ仯Ĺǽڷžžı죬һƬǼ׸֫ô׳˫ϥǶ̳ĹǴ̣ͷϣҲʼǣı򳤳һβ
˫Ŀɺ죬ϢҲգȫԨħӣҲˣһĶħ֮Χγɵĺɫ
ʱ˿̵ѾһͷβԨħ
ǵǣոּƷѪ֮ѾԼκһ⣬Լɸıò
֮ǰյĻ֮Ѫ⾫·Ĳ㣬һöħչУʱڱԨħˡ
ħѪͶħ֮ͼ壬ȻջǱͽˡ
ڣѾɵ⻯ԨħϢ
࣬αװԨħĻ񼶵ʵʲôԨħܿαװΪյĻ֮һöħͼڼԨħǵԨѪִ֮
һӵʱ䣬ϵĸıԼڶħ֮ƵʣҲϵļԼαװ©ֱΪԼαװѾΪֹ
ţھСħվԼǰϳˣǷڵĶħ֮ڸϢ
һָָڡָףһָ̣֮ϣһɫ·ڷ裬Щ·һ𣬱һϱ仯ŵļͼΣʱΪԲʱΪ塣
գЩͼȫ̮һ㣬һ΢ͺڶ̰ΧһûУƺʧˡ
ı仯ڻĵġɷ
Уǧʱ䣬ջ֮Ļļ䣬ڣܰٷ֮ģԨħϢѾԻɷˣ
˵ƿڻĵһȻɷĵǿ󣬵ΪԼȴѾ㹻ˡ
ɷͻΪٶȣҪǰ֪ٱ
ݡ
ɫԲʧʶĻһ´׳ǡĴ죬һߵȼԨħԶԷܲϳԼ
һ࣬Ԩħ磬һԨħ̽ǵܣȡǵĻԵĸоǷһ˿ζЦݡ
ЦʱòһĸоһĻǻѵһպݶĶħʮ߿ֱӾɱƴˡ
Ӱһ廮գһ򼲷ɶȥ
ת˲ɹǧ䵽һƬҰ֮С
ڻĵļУڰԨһֳ˺ܶ㡣
ÿһԨޱߣ̽ıԵ
ÿһԨҲоոԳһ硣
һԨһԨ֮䣬ĿռͨЩռ֮ͨгҵĿռ籩ǿȲԨħͨЩռͨͿܱռ籩˺ˡ
ԽԨռ籩Խǿңͨ£Щ͵ȼħۼǰԨԽǸ߼ԨħԽǱԨ²㡣
ǾݷޣȴųԨʮһգ
ûǰԨͣЩ͵ȼħʶԼαװԨǳͣҲԼϵĻԵ
Ƭɽ֣Ϊĸ֪֮УƬɽͨԨһĿռͨ
Ȼո֪ķȥҿռͨʱĽŲȴ΢΢סˡ
˴ɳɳҲܵɱ
ȻийԵ￿
ȻնɱԨһĵ͵ȶħûʲôȤ˳Ϊ֮Ҳûʲôϵÿһɷ
ԭأԼҪĵһֻԨħֹһΪԼΣϢ֮ࡣ
Ȼ̽Լĸ֪ȥ⼸ֻԨħʱȴȻסˣ
⡭ô£
˼Ŀԭʼɽֵһ䣬ȭͷʶս
ɳɳ
ԭʼֵľľԱֿͷŤӰ˳
⼸һ
ζû뵽ԼڰԨ֮ĵһϮϮ߲Ԩħǡ
ʮ壡
Է壬Ƶĳһ̫塣
ֻǣŤı飬ףϥǺͼ׵Ǽڵϵֱۣĸоǰʮ쳣ǻһԭʼġǻ۵Ұˡ
ԷˣһŮ˶壬֫ŵأǿԼ񣬳ѪͿȫҰ޲е
Ϊ׵Ǹ̫ӣ﷢ͳĺſ죬¶Ѫһ
Ȼ˵ˣʳ
ôᡭ
оԽܣʱǸ̫һļ˴Ӹɱ
ǵĶһ㣬ȻʵѾﵽȻ׾ΣԿԡ
ֻҪ붯֣̫Ұ˶ͷأȻʱԺһ飬ЩҰ˳֣Ӱһͬһ˿˲һ￪⡣
Ұ˸գʱŭ
ʱһһԼĿٱܶ
Щȫźڼףߴ׳Ŵ󸫣۾Ѫ죬ȻԨħ
ݣ
һɸΪ׵Ԩħ˺ѣɸХŻһԲֱȦסҰ˵Ӱ
Ѫ䣬ҰֱӱԴѪ䣡
ٺ٣ץֻȻΪһ㣬Ҳҵˣ
Ϊ׵Ԩħ˵ԨӵлĻȻö
仰еݣȫˡ
ʶһֿܣںڰԨ̫ˣһĴڣΪ
ԨħˣҰⲶɱǵ
忪ʱһ
Ԩһжˣʮǻ˱ɱߣ
֪Ԩʲôԭĵļ֮УڰԨӵġ


2086 ̫
񫣡
Ԩħ󸫻Ӷһ̫ӱ˲ӣתۼ䣬Ұ˾ֻʣˡ
ҰԸо˿־壬ǿʼɢӣȻ׷ŵԨħŹǡ
ֱѷɸֱֱն̫Ұ˵ĺģ
ԨħʵһȻΪɣȻۿҪɱҰ˵һ˲䣬Ѹȴ·ͻȻײһ¿ǽϣ磡磡죬ŵ˵ϡ
ʱ䣬ҰˣѾŲ·ܽ˴
ʲô
ͶɸԨħһ㶣üɫ
תЦĵң
Ĭ
Ԩħȫŷɱ֪Ϊʲô־ǼʱһУ͵̬ȣӱŭ
оҲ꣬ϷŪ

Ԩħбų

һ죬ԨħΧסˡ
ЩԨħצħһֽΪͼԨħ֫׳ٶȼ죬צ磬ǳ
ʱΪ׵Ԩħ÷ɸˣǴָ֮䣬߳צ
Щצͬ𼶵צħǵצӾ͵ͬǵ鱦
צӵצħǷǿսʱ
Ū
һצħСܽţȻΪ׵ħȴ˰֣ʾ⼸²Ҫ۾۾б⡣
׷Ҳûˡ
Ϊ׵צħ㶢ʮϢʱ䣬ͷԼצӡ
ô
צħͳۣצħУȴǶ΢΢һ
ڣצħܵ˾Ķħ֮ѪϢĶħ֮ѪֻڸߵȼԨħϡ
ĸоٲȻԨħе壬ͷͬСˡ
ԨħλȻ޹ɱ
Ԩħһ㲻̫ˣɱǿɲס
ȻˣÿԨħɱԭǣԨħ໥ɣһԨħջöԷٲѪԼʣԼʵ
ԨħǱŰ壬ھսɱǵ壬Ҳɱвϵɱ䣬
£צħѡѡ
һ棬ɱӶѪһ棬Ҳɵʵ֪ϸʲôóȻ֣ߵ壬ǾԼˡ
צħöħ֮ţǰǲŹ־òա
໥ʱȴ̧֡
Ԩħһ£ʲôͿֻǼ򵥵Ļָǵ߾ģˣһƬת
ۣ
һצħȫͷ­ּң˶ԴײڵϵƤһǵϻŵɫ
ô¡
Ϊ׵ԨħۼԼ廹վԭأԽԽԶʶģ֪ôֵġ
ڼ˲䣬צħͻȻеһɲɿܵԼĻ꺣ͬ˺һʹϯӡĨȥˡ
ʼħĶ⼸ͷԨħļ䡣
Ҫ֪ɱൽô¡
ЩצħļܵͣǵļǷ˽״Ԫ־һ㣬һĿʮУᳵ·
ܿ죬͵õԼҪϢ
ʵ²ĺܽӽĻҪ⣡
ڰԨһֱ̫ǻлΪʮ֮׵̫塣
Щ̫飬ǰǰĴУԨħٳķ²
·˺Ͳ֮ڣԨʮʱЩ̫ķ²Ͳɱ˺ڰԨ֮С
ôʱԨħϵЩ²¶ħӡǵū¯ʳҩϡʵϵȵȡ
ǰһսʮ̫˶ˣԨħпֲڵ֮£̫˥ȥ̫һǿ己ԽԽѡ
ȻںڰԨ֮У̫ķ²ȴûܵĲǻԭķ
ʱ䣬㹻̫己׳˿ڷ֪ٱ˺ڰԨÿһ㡣
ԨħĵģЩ̫ѪѾһū֮ūӡȵȣϵū̫ĺᣬͬʱǵѪ֮УһЩԨħƵӡ
ģ̫һԨħȦ
Ƿӡ̫ǻۣѡһЩٮٮߣǷҰ⣬Ǳ
̫츳ʮ㣬ǱҰ֮Ҳ൱սǱ͵ȶħɱͨɱ¾̫壬õ͵ȶħĥս
ںڰԨĸһЩ̫ҰǣûбӡǻۣӵһЩªĴУΪǻʵǿ
ǵ³ǱڻɽҰ֮Уɸߵȶħɱ
ܶԨħ֯Χ̫Ԩħľӣֱӿģɱ̫塣
Ԩħ˵̫ǵĥʯǷȦͻӻͻ̳ԣͻҰһ
̫ǻԣٱɱˣưܵ£Ҫ֯𷴿ԨħǸܡ
ںڰԨĽ㣬̫⼸ʮҲӿֳ콾˽ܣ츳ʵǿǲ̫Ԩħɱˣ֯Ԩħ
յĽȴǱѹ
Щ콾˽ܣյ³ǱԨħһķֳԵ
ЩϢ̾һû뵽ʮǻҲΪɱһ졣


2087 
ںڰԨ֮УҲдƬƬĳǳأĳУʮϸ̻Իͣǳһԭʼ׾ζ
Ľձ鶼ҪʮĽ˺ܶ࣬õʯģԭʼʯϣֲڶǡ
ǺڰԨĵʮ㣬ӻĻеõļУڰԨһΪʮ˲㣬ӵʮ㿪ʼڰԨͻ񼶵Ķħ
ʮ㣬ʮһ㣬ʮУ񼶶ħֻһͷһףʮʮġʮ㡭񼶶ħ࣬ʵҲԽԽǿ
·ʮ߲㡢ʮ˲㣬ͻ֡ͼڼԨħҲǻġ桢ڤЩħ
ڻĵļУԨϢѾǼʮǰˡͱ磬ڼʮǰ̫廹ûбԨħھȫͬˡ
ʮ꣬Էܶ飬ʮ񼶵ĶħҲһ㶼֡
˼Ԩʮǡħ߳ǡ
УռطԲǧֻٽеʱ򣬾ܸܵΧֵǿħ֮;޴ѹͼߣû취ѹ֮ͣ
࣬ħ֮УܹӳʵǿһЩԨħȴ෴Χսٶȣһ̨ס
ħ߳ǵĳǽʮرķģһ޴Բڵγɵġ
ǽɸߣǧﳤֺɫ滹һ޴İɫԲ·
ǽʱ򣬾ܸܵǽɢģͬԨһɷѪ֮
Ѫ֮УŵѹȸУܸܵ´ģ
ǽǻģ
ýǽʵһ峤ǧľ޴ߣֽСߡ
̾ħ߳ǵܣΧһȦ˳õĳ˯һħ߳Ȼĳǽħ߳ǻ֣ҲΪߵԭ
ߣ񼶵ԨħڰԨʮף
ħ߳ǵĽԶԶĿ޴Ķħ֮ߣһʡ
ħ߳ǰĴһƥС
ȻԨħҲԨħ
Щ廨ţе棬еţеģֳ־޴Ķ۾ˡ
Ԩħิӣڶ࣬Щ֮䣬ɭϵĵȼƶȡ
ߵȼ壬ūʹɱ¾͵ȼ塣
ȼǸݸѪǿǻ۳̶ȣѧϰ츳͵ȵۺġ֮ǰצħԨħбȽСһࡣ
צħʵԶЩħ߳Ǿµ
Ԩħ֮Уȼߵģͼڡ
Σ塣
ԨħӵͼѪĸߵȼԨħһֲںڰԨײ㡣
ڵݣǲ۲۵ݡ
ͬʱӵл֮һöͼڼԨħµĶħһڰԨ˵Լ壬ûжħˡ
ǵʱ򣬾ԸܵسʿЩ졢ĽȻԷϳԼݡ
ԨݲʱӮ𾴺Ľģʱɱ֮
ڽϣʱԨħĿ⣬¶̰Ϳ
ȻҪ̳ԼԼѪ
ڰԨȻһЩķȻʵϣڻĽҰ⣬ɱԽ֮¸ͺҵ֣ټԨħУԭͳǿʳĴַ磬ʵһУûʵҪԼǾ̫ˡ
ǵ̣עŰߡ
ʮ׶ħʼնûעԼҲ֮е飬ԭαװѾ¯࣬ѹԼΪʹȺ֮Ե÷ǳۡ
һƬʯɵĸߴȺ˳нһ¥֮У¥ſڣվʮɸߵĶ۾ˣ۾˸·˷ĹЩơ
ǻ۵£ױѱõħū
һЩԨħѱ۾ˣǷĹһڸߵȼԨħצħǵս޵ĵ͵ȶħļֵԶµĶ۾һָͷֵǮ
¥¥ܿտƵĶħࡣ
ʵһͨϵľ¥ԨħϢĵطֻҪжħʯܻԼҪ鱨
һλ£ϰһöɫ壬ɫ壬Ƕħʯ
Ԩħ˵ֱ¶ħʯܴмȡħ֮ԼΪԶħʯԨӲͨ
ƷиеͣеĶħʯɱļֻצħƷʻΪޡ
ҪʲôһһŮӵħǰ
ĺܵͣĿխСµ£ؿĲΡ
ħԨħмΪصһ࣬ǿʮǻб׼٣ʮǻƯ
ħеŮĻ𱬣ƤСɫΪҰԡĸǷǴʯܡ
ǸʮǻΨһͬģħһϸĶħβͣβ⻬ֻ˵ָô֣һʵ͹еǼͷ״еλΡ
ЩħԴϻһССĽǣⲢƻǵУЩɰ
ħһۣ򵥵˵һ䡰㡱
ħŮЦ뿪ˣ֮ǰһ΢ЦȻΪѪͳˡҪ֪õѪôķʽɲֻǣһָķǾ˫ޡ
ʮϢ֮ħŮΪһɫƷž͵ζ
־Ѫġ
áħŮ˫ֶ̣ϸβƱķǰħβͷǳɣʮָй֮޲
ħһЦݣ¶һԼĻҲħı־
ȻûеõκλӦЩգĵ뿪ˡ
ûħߣҲûȥⱭѪƣֻڴ֮У¥֮еĶħ̸۵鱨
ԨкܶҪڣѾ¹滮ԼԨҪɵĿ꣬Լδڵļƻ


2088 ħ
ڵҾ¥ΪѪ¥ħ߳ǣҾ¥Ȼ㶥Ƕһٷһٶħʯļ۸Ҳһ͵ȼԨħѵġ
Ͻ죬ѾѪ¥˶ʮ졣
һʼм޵ħŮЩ뷨Ǻ֮ãҲûħŮʲôͷˣҲ徻
֪ЩħŮʡ͵ĵƣջԼʵܲɲѪ˼
ÿѪ¥ֻҪһͨľƣ֮⣬ʲô㣬ĲˣȻ۸񰺹󣬵ȴ᲻ʳŻ
ԨħƽʱԵĶǣӡѪ⣬ŵСޣ̫ԡ⡢
ÿһЩħۼһ̫Ѫ龰ְһ˵ĳ嶯
˵ôħηһƷūЩƷū棬аǧŮϸѡɣ츳ҲһǴŮѵ¯ǧūҲǲūЩūֺūӡҳϡ
ھ¥һǣԨħһߴڳԴѪ⣬һģ˵һεεѪ飬ǹ䡣
ǿеħᣬǺڰԨϹͼڼ֮һǵǡа
аǸһĳħϹһսа֪٣˵ѾˣҲ˵ʵǱɾǣȻаʧˣħȴδֱЩԽչԽ׳
ʮǰħỿ̫ūЩūϵɸѡŵҰ⣬˹Ԩħɱ
֮⣬ħỹƿžųϵ̫ū⣬¯ʵϣҩϣūܴħ򵽡
ħūҪūöࡣ
ôħ᲻֪˶ٲƸħ鲼ԨܲλԨʮ߲㣬Ԩ㣬дССݵ㡣
Ϊ˷ħᣬ̫⼸ʮ壬ҲԨħνū塣
̫ҲɱԨħԨӴԣūʵ΢վǴеС˻һ㣬ƽϢȥΨһãžǰԨħѡ
ⲻò˵̫ı
ǧ꣬Ԩֱ˴ģū壬糱ϯԨʮһ㡢ʮ㡢ʮʮĲ㣬ģƴ
Ȼνġģƴ󡱣ҲֻǧūԣʵԨħ˵ЩһŲǲһֻ룬߲һֻϰˣֵһᡣ
ʮеū壬߻˯ħᣬڷūǸûһūħ߳ǶԣҲһʲСˣҪūǳߣŮΪ
ĬĬЩϢһöħʯˣȥ
ʱѪ¥һǵļԨħһۣĵĸ
ƺԴ˻Ȼδ
һžƺһߺȾһȥ
ԨħϲѪľƣĵرƲȤˮƽֱܱȡ
һûһڵĺţһֱһƫƧ֮أɱԽʬ𼣵ĺõط
ļԨħ˴˶һۣĿ˷ܵĹâ
ڳβħһͷһβͣԲɱϲ˺һħ߳ǣͶ
ѪǶԺˡ
Щ죬Ѿ˺öƵ¼ˣԨħԭǿʳķѹΪѪҡУСŽڴһ
ǰɫԽԽȻ⼸ԨħȴûκλɣԽԽ˷ܣʱͣס˽Ųת
Ԩħ¶ЦǿѾˡ
СӣԹ׳Ѫʹ죬ԨħЦţĿϷʡ
̾һǴͷȴЦѵûʶô
˻һ⼸Ԩħһ£ʲô
ѾûˣǷצӣǵʺѪӿ

˫ȭӳɶħֱ֮ӽԨħѪķȭ
һ֣һɫС
ɷ
ջ֮Ѫ⾫֮ƿ˻ĵķģ̳˻ĵ
ʵԻ˵÷ѾȷˣӦ˵һ츳һֽ˵Լ츳
ʩչľ츳ղɱļԨħʥǿĲʥ۷塣
Щħȫ֮УĶħ֮
ڶԼ޷ô̬˵һ㲻©յ
ֻ߰˳ɶѣŶԷΪߣıҲԽԽ͡
ɱԼٶȿ౶
ձûϵɱһЩԨħˣʮǻԨħУԶħûκε
ʮϵϰĵ츳ܹɵԽԽǿڣԼѾԳɱԨħٹ£ȥɱԨħˡ
Ǹʱٶȣؽһ̨ס
뵽Ƿһ˿ЦħᡭƺһĿ꣡
΢΢֮һӣȥֻԨħȫټħüһ־ֱĨЩеľӡֻ˰ֵʱ䣬ǵļȫĶһ顣
ʮʱ䣬ÿɱһԨħĶԷļ䣬ħ˽ѾԽԽ꾡ˡ
֪֪ˣսȻħΪĿ꣬ȻҪѼ㹻鱨Ϣ


2089 
ʱţʱգڰԨѾˡ
Ԩʮ㣬ɳǡ
һɳĮеľ޴Улõ֣ΪƬɳĮǺɫġ
ɳĮȻȻɳĮбȴޱȷԭǣħԨʮķֲڡ
ͱԨʮūг
ūóףںڰԨóռһǳҪķݶū̫ūԨħ
͵ǻ۵Ԩħ۾ˣںڰԨУΪūЩūһ
ħֻƷūһЩ츳ʵūûʲôֵģЩūҰ⣬ֻѡ
̫ū˵ħūӵϵΪӵĳЩѪ
ЩѪĳЩԨħԣǴ֮
Щū¯ʳЩԨħֻԸ壬ǿڽУԼķҺǿŮӵڣЩҺӶŮӵֳϸѪŮӵյµԨħ
һּΪԵпķܷʽΪЩԭںɳǣŮūǱūļ۸߳ü
ɳûгǽһ޴ˡ
ʱھɳһǧԶһɽϣվɽԶУľ£޴ĺɳҲǰƴһˡ
УڰԨҪһĵһĿꡣ
ڰԨµʱ䣬ûвȡκιжֻǲϵѼ鱨˽ڰԨıǿߵļλãиĹģݵ㣬ȵؼԵϢ
ΪĿħ֮⣬֧ͼڼħҲˣѾ֪ڰԨصħ֮ĹԨĵʮ˲㡣
ֻǹħ֮Ĺܣû̫̽
£ѾϢɱϰٸԨħһʼʥħħٵħ
жħɱ֮ǵˣɷԽԽ죬ħ֮ɵҲԽԽ׳
ڵħ֮Ѿĸħ֮ǿԴΪͻơ
ԭڹȥǧ֮УѾﵽλ𶥷ˣڣλҪĳһȴҪӴۡ
ɷԨħһݾ
ĬĬĻԼ⼸Ѽ𼶶ħϢЩϢƲۣؼʱȴףһ˵ͬλԨħΣˡ
鱨ɳǣһϵ𼶶ħ
ںڰԨ𼶶ħҲ洦ɼǴһĳϣλҫסһЩҪص㣬Χɭϣء
һ𼶶ħɱȻĳһƬڣ䶯
ڻı¶ԼϢĻɱԨħħ߳ǽԶĺɳǣõѡˣԼںɳɱ¾ᾪߣΪħ߳ǵˣ벻ħ顣
ɳǵĳħһϣʵı׼ǽ֮䣬ҲǺɳǵǿߡ
֮⣬ɳǻһ𼶺λ𼶵ԨħڴɱЩԨħǵ֮Լ
ĵȴҹºڷ֮ҹʺɱ˻ʬ
ȴһʱ֮ͻȻһǧ֮⣬ɷ
۾ֻĹںɫɳĮľͷ˸ţȻɱ
ţ
һֱ֪̽ȥĸ֪̽ǧ֮龰
龰һ£һЩ̫ߣһԨħɱһ
Щ̫ߣұһɫķһǱͼ
̫ǣʽƷұ˴֮䣬սϣһЩӵиߵǻ۵̫壬Ǳڻɽеġ

һ㵣ֱϵǿɫ뵽ϯԨʮһʮĲū塣
ⳡģǳƴȻԴ˰һֱӶħҲͰ࣬ʵϣЩⳡȷʵɱ˲Ԩħҽ˴ū
ЩūҲ뵽УԴԴϡ
ΪֱŵĻƽԨħΪƽˡ
ʵ̫Ҳ˲ʲôˣҪԨħ𣬱Ͼʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ죬ĿЩսʽùսʱȴһĸо
Ȼɲⳡ壬òϣԷԼԭôһҲھĳ̫ż򲻸Ĺ
뵽ʱмӺɳ𣬿ٷսĵط
ȻǺɳǵԮսصɳôɳǲ֪ˣ֧Ԯս£Сʱھͻᱻ
ȻȣӰһսص㼲ɶȥ

ǧ֮⣬̫Ѿ˿սԭһ֧ӢСӣִʱ򣬱ħһ֧Ԩħ鷢ˡ
һսɱ⣬ԭʵռţŶԷԮԽԽ࣬Ѿʼ֧

һ̫ŮһҽУ巭ŷɳȥг֣ڿת˼Ȧһһʯϡ
⻷£֣ΣգҸղһ˲ˣŮʧȥս
ǧӰ
۾ˣȻǴʱԹ˲Ͼȡ
ŮʹĽһɫɷףղųֽұۣۿٶȲϡɿݣѸٵѪ
ָоǧĸʱ䱻ѹ˶̶̼Ϣʱڣҷǳ
ն
һ˴ļ٣ǧӰŮһǱܴѪŮʲôʧһʧ
Ůһҧ䣬һŻɫֱֱӷȻʵȴޱȹѪѾȾ˷ϵ
ֱ۵ĸֹסˣһĻΧԨħЩˣĪ˵ŮӣʿҪնԼֱۣҪüǧӰŮӣȻôɾ䡣
ٺ٣ͦݵģϧı䲻˽ˣˣԹ־ܣūӡǵеһЩˣҲϸ߼أ
һԨħЦţʱǿ߼ƿյԺɳǵԨħԮ
ԨħǷһ˿΢ЦԮˣǸˣ


2090 ķ
Ԩħ͹սĵص㣬ɳǲһǧ߰˰ľ룬ԸߵȼԨħԣռŲƶãֻҪ̵ʱܸ
Ԩħ͹ֵĶɳǲûвսһʼע˹ܾԨħľֻԴˡ
ʱԨħԮѾԣͬ٣
ģ
ԮΪ׵ԨħţһͷħһԴչһһᣬȵͣڿС
ħΪ׵ȴɫ䣬ɳǵĻ
ͷ棬ǺɳǳָӣŵҲǾӢеľӢ
ζźɳħֲιӣҲͬЩ̡
ҴһʱжһɾУλֵܣһһȼվѪҲҪҧһ⣡
Ϊ׵ҧгݵ˵ԸսҲԸħϣ
ٺ٣鱨ǲȻʶңץץģΪ׵ħһ£СආץֱɳȥˣѾȼվѪղ˱նֱ۵ǧӰҲ˿ڣ԰׵ǾȻ֮ɫ
ѾĸһɲǣͻȻ䣬һɿֲѹ١
ѹ̫ͻȻˣͻȻǸֱ淢ʲô£ǾͿΧ˷ȫһ㵭ĺ˹ԨħںȫǱʩ˶һ㣬ȫˡ
ܾ޴ʹ࣬ȫŤǵȫĪ·ֲ飬Ȼǲܷ
ţֻеԨħȫѹ֮±Ѫ
ǣ
ȫˣǸ֪ʲôҲûм˳֣ЩԨħĪˡ

Ϊ׵˵ѹĺǿߵȻƾɱôԨħɳǵĳҲ˲ɱֱ̫ˡ
Ǵ죿ʵԹԣǵĴǵƺܡ
ǣҼһΪ׵ӿٵĴ˵ʩչˣڶû¶棬ƺǸǽӴˡ
ʱ򣬿ͻȻһУеԨħѪϯеĶħ֮û֮Уʧ
ţ֮ƾձһŻ棬ʧȥĶħѪ⣬ɻճ˻ҽֻЩԨħĴָɫкˡ
Ȼɷ򣬶ԣЩԨħֽеıﻹǺмֵģΪӲͨĶħʯںܶطҪõ
ЩоԼʵһ㣬Ҫλ𣬻кܴһξ롣
ҪһҪɱ񼶵Ԩħ
зһĻĻ龰ڳĹЩɵˣԷʲôݣɱôԨħǣΪоֻ̫߲Ż̫˴õż洫콾˭ı죿
̫֪˵ʲôˣ˲֪ǿеκһ
ʱͻȻһΪ
һ˲俴ⲢһŵƷ
ץһһƿƿǣöŨҩĵҩ˳һʱ䣬˴סˡ
ЩҩϡеĵرƵģȻ֪ľ幦Чǹһڣ˾͸оԼղΪ˶ٻѪȻ˱ҩ
ζ˹Чȥˣ׹ǡ
ֵҩ񣬾Ԩħ磬ǲʹ˿ʵƿҲƳ˾Ө͸ĵҩ
˶ʱףⵤҩǶصļ˵ģ˵һлǰһöҩֱӶʧȥһֱֻ۵ǧӰ˵ˡ
ǧӰһ£ʱڿһĮ΢ɳƵƺ˷Դͷ
նµֱۻûȫĥһö˵ͿĨ˿ڽϣٳһöָ
ǧӰһ£ȫû뵽ԼѾնģԨħѪֱۣȻϣظ
Ѳֱ۶ڣоϲӣȻǸĮˣȴû˼
лǰ
ǧӰҧ촽˵
ÿߣ﷢飬ɳǴҪ֪ˣٹһͻ˸ˣζȻиǿԨħˡ
˵仰뿪ˣѾ御ܴЩڻԨħ̬¶汻Щ˿ȻᣬڻָòǣǾ̫鷳ˡ
ȻΪ׵ȴû뿪۾תתлͷĳһ㣬еǰɷһ
΢΢üԼ̬ѾȷҸ˵ģĶˣٷϻ
˲ģֵ֪ǰȷʵҪ棬ǰ̸
˵ĻһĽŲסˣ΢΢ԥһ¡
˱ߣüС˵ǹħ֮Ĺܣ
޷λãֻĿĵĴ˵Ϊ϶ܲ׽
£ҲǾ˼ǵģݣǴӶԷսóĵҩ̫ܿ塣
ԨħǵĵҩһЩħϢȽصѪ޵ѪƶɣַҲ𼫴
ãԨδƳ⼸ö˸Ʒʵ˵˸оݷͬһ㣬£ҶԷҲȷʵܸһĵĻǽļƻмİ
Ȼ˦ħ֮Ĺܡ仰ͣס˽Ųһϲ
ǡ˽ħ֮Ĺ
еʮ⣬ԭΪ̫ڵľ֯ں֮ҲΪ˽ּĶȻһδˡ
ħ֮ĹϪеõĺ飬ħ֮Ĺļ֮һħ֮ĹżȤ
΢΢ԥһ£һ֣ɫĻԪ칬תŷɳԽԽ
ﲻ˵ĵط
򵥵˵ԥֱһ֣˾ͷɽ˻Ԫ칬ǵȵģʲôµġ
һĻ᲻ǸߵȼħݵģΪ˴ڲ׼һƣǵҲģһ㣬Ȼз֤ʵ
߶Ԫ칬֮󣬻Ԫ칬ԼٶȶգźɳĮȥ


2091 صĴ
ԨʮĺɫɳĮޱߣɳĮǴƬƬĲë֮أʱһɳ֮£ǰʮЩ͸֧Ѫ̫ȴŶԷڡ
ѾȥԨħαװһòͨӣģ̫߽ܡ
ħ֮Ĺʲô
ʵʱеԱηĿһЩ˵۹лЩ棬Ǻòӣֲʵ
ʵ˽ҲǺֻ֪ٵݣģҪ֪
ӿ޷ֱݺ䣬о˾ƾðġ
ҶԷѪ̫壬ָ̫һЩ
ڰԨ
죿
΢΢
ʵһܹ֯ģ壬ħѹ»սЩġ
ǰҪĻ¿ڴ֮ǰҪ֤һǰݡ
˵ţóһöһ糤ϸ룬öϸ룬ʯ죬ʮ־ɡ
ǰӦ֪ԨħеĳЩ壬ӵб仯֮ǰʵǱ仯һݣҵȿʲôЦĻǱȻԻҪǰһѪ֤һ¡
˵仰ʱڳ߶΢΢䱸ܹάôʱ䣬ܴһԭǴ췢һܹѪҺʶԨħķ
룬ƿ˴󷨣մȾԨħѪҺͻɴɫ̫壬߲֮ɫǱԨħūӡ̫壬߲֮ɫĻϣӳūӡ
ǰԨħٰĻʣ˶ǼˣҲܴһΣ֮ܲ֡
΢΢ĬɾĻԼָһѪ
Ѫգɫ͸ڳй߶
˫룬ȴţо̫壬޷ȷݡ
ʱͻȻһɫ⣬ԽԽʢѤɫһһĲʺһ㡣
âԽԽʢö룬һ߲գ˳׾ˣʥǿҵ߲ʹâ֮ǰֻڴϼ
һ̫ߣɫͲˣ˵âˡ
ЩԨħū۶꣬ɸѡū̫壬ɫǺס
ζţǰӵв̫Ѫ̫ߵȵĴڡ
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Ŀ⣬ҲƣŮи
̫һǳѪ壬ΪԨ֮УܶԨħڲѪѾԽԽ
ҪָҫȾҪѪĴӵжѪ̫ߣΪѵá
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ǣ߰ɣ
ٴμ˻Ԫ칬й߾ͽ칬֮Уֱܲɶȥ
˵ָ£Ԫ칬ζգһƬĴ֮ϣƬΪպһֱͨʮԨ߽ޱգʱմңҲͷ
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ռѷɲǣǰȻһںеĶ磬Ƭ磬ڵϹŷķĹģȴҪȷöࡣ
Ϊ׵֮⣬ЩƬ̫ߵʥء
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š
΢΢ͷƮԪ칬֮⣬ɨһƬ磬ԵͷƬ֮Уֹ϶󷨣Щ󷨵֮£ƬڽʮΣԿʥĲʤһ
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ʵ̤Ԫ칬һɲǣĸܵƬһǿߵϢƬ߶ԣϢ̫ˣֻǳòûзųԼĸ֪ȥ̽Է
Ԫ칬ͬһȥ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ƭһϸ֮Уһ
ߣһ¡
Ҳסˣһʼֻ΢΢һϵľԽԽࡣ
ĿţһɫȹľŮӣԡ֮УԼ
Ů׿Լͷ˿Ʈǣ˪ȻȻ¶һʥϢ·һѩԭʢ
̤նУȹƮÿһ£пռţǰ
ĶѾ׽ˣ۾һգգĿǰŮӡ
ŮȻΪŮӵʥ֮ʧֻ̬Ϊû뵽Ľܷѩ
һǧ꣬ټĽܷѩʱѾȫͬϢϣˣͬﾭ̥ǣһʼûϳϢ
Ľܷѩʵ仯еޱ⡣
ĽܷѩĽܷѩҲеľ㵣ȫĽܷѩС
ʵȫݣȫϢ֮ĽܷѩҲ޷һϳǣȴϵûԪ칬
һƬУͿԪ칬ˣһȻ޷ݣֱӴз˳
ʱߵչȥЩɬ˵²μ죡
Ľܷѩ̱üΪùݶУĽܷѩϣͽŮһ㡣
û뵽ĽܷѩȻͻȻ֣ӭˣ֮⣬ԭΪĽܷѩݣȻȥݷòӦõڡ
ѵ˵ô⣿
˵ϥ֮ǲŸոշӦǶǵһμ죬֮ǰʶ֪ǰľŮӾǴ죬Լһ׷׹ݣͬϡ
ʱѾ֪ʲôˣ졭
ԭĽܷѩιĴ졣
羹
ԭСħطʱСħɾ˵ĽܷѩѾ뿪棬û뵽ȻԨпĽܷѩܳʵ޴ı仯Ǳ


2092 Եǧ
ô
ĽܷѩõԪ˵һ˿ͲǧǰĽܷѩֿΪˣ棬Ľܷѩȴ뿪ȥѰԼĻԵ
ôû뵽ڶĿѾʱԨڴʱ˾֮ۡ
ΪݣĽܷѩȷݣʳ仰ֻһֱͻԪ칬Ĳ²⡣
ʦ㣬ҡ
ĳĻش
һشѾָԭһ̣Ľܷѩһˮ
ʱߣЩСӳԱҲǴĹϵԷǱѰˡ
ǽܣǡˣ
Ϊ׵˸оԼһȺЩˣֲøˣֻţֱĽܷѩ˻֣˵ȥɡ
⣬뿪
д󹦣һȥʸȡǵĽÿһǧ׶Ľܷѩ˵СӵĳԱһϲ
ǼæлһһߴĽ⽨ҲĽܷѩеʸˡ
һԿţֻһС£ЩСӳԱĵϲʸһǧ׶ȻǷǳأҲζӵһԡ׶Ϊϵ
Ľܷѩܹϵҽƹ㿪е˶ӣֵȥάͿԿĽܷѩһЩֶˡ
ʵͷƶȲѣһܵܲҲѣе߶ǷĵӵҲѣеһж㵽ǾͲһܹˣҪӵгǿ֯쵼ҪǿʵΪˣһݣ䣡
Ľܷѩʱ򣬾ܷʥصʥŮȻڤӵսˣҲΪڤ̫ƻڤ䣬ΪĽܷѩܶ
Ľܷѩں壬ʵҲ˳֮Ѿ֪䣬ںڰԨԶܷʥصĴˡ
ֱϵĻɫǷѩı־ҲĽܷѩеһѩ֡
ȥҵϸ̸
Ľܷѩ˵ţǣ֣Ӱһͻ죬һ֮С
һ񹬣ܸܵ񹬵ĲҪԼĻԪ칬й֮޲Ҫ֪ڻԪ칬˲ӡ֮ƷѾ޽ӽ鱦ˡ
һ鱦Ĺ
񹬡̲סʵ
̫ŽżеõģЩ̫꣬̽Ž磬ĺܶܵء
Ľܷѩп˵ǧ̫̫ࡣ
ʦ㣬ʵôô졣оĽܷѩӦѾǶΪҲһĶ
ʵڶ֮䣬пȽϴľ࣬ͬǶʵܴϸ־磬޵Уǰ벽ĳһЩ֮еٮٮߡ
оڵĽܷѩˣʵҪȾ𶼸߳
ĽܷѩΪѪҵһЩݾʱ򣬾ѾǶˣһԪڰԨʱҲ൱һѪ󡣡
ǧǰҽ̫ŽżʱѰҵһ̫žĴ֮أʱк߽ܶ룬ҾһɱŵõеĻԵܵõԵԭҲΪϵ̫֮Ѫ̫Ѫλ̫µѪ֮ԼĻδվˣʱҵʵѰУֻϵȶѡ
Ľܷѩ赭д˵Щȴ֪ĻԵؾĽܷѩ̫ѪƣҲȻ֪գܻҪؾյӮңһҪǻۡʵ汸
ĽܷѩõܵصĻԵ֮һǧʱ䣬ʱս磬ʱһǧ꣬꣬ҷŤʱ䣬Լȫںϣָȥǿսʱ䣬޴֮ܵи󷨡ΪҲٽһҳصʱҵʵѾˡ
ԭΪ̫ĵһţ۷ʱʵͲñڵĵˡ
Ľܷѩ˵ĵӾͲħ֮г˯꣬ڻָĹУҲմȾħϢȻﲻ֮ľ磬ȻȴҲѰߵһ˿ʡ
֮ںΪħʱĸԸףǼںϣĽܷѩʱ䣬ƴɱĻԵָԽǿʵҲ֮еˡ
Ǻأʵ
㹻ʵ֮󣬾֮ͨڣ˺ڰԨԭֻֻǴ̽ԨħܣϾ̫Ԩ̫ˡǺҷ֣ڰԨ̫ܶ࣬һ棬Ҳۣ̫ЩԨħϵūѾҪɥҲ뿴ĽϾ̫壬д
ĽܷѩҵϹУˣ̫壬Ҳǵ̫ǿ壬˵̫Ľܷѩ̫֮³ĽܷѩԹۡ
ĽܷѩҾʲôʱ䣬һһںڰԨҵڽ̣νڽ̣ݵľǰǰ̫ҫڽе󣬾ǰ·ڵ̫ǿߣһж֮ҷ˹塣
ҽʥ󷨣һֲãЩԴҵõĴУҽͷƶȣҴӴ֮صõ౦߹ΪͬʱøֶΣžԨħļϸڣĹģѾԽԽˣħѾӶǿʼڳΧǣһɣħѾһЩ˿ϣйҵϢˣڣħںɳǴģҲ񼶳ϳˡ
Ľܷѩ˵ЩҲЩħһȻΪħ߲Ԩħʵɲ⣬ĽܷѩǱȣǾͲֵһˡ
Ľܷѩһ㣬Ѿ̾ҫ̫ߣָԽ̫ܲȥƴɱ
ĽܷѩԼȫͶⳡ֮УΪ̫һݶ£ҲΪʮһ¡
񼶳𡭡
°ͣԼڵʵҪѣҪɱλȴˡ
˵ǣǻʱ䣬֮ǰĽܷѩһֱصĺħʵⲻ㡣
ʦ㣬Сȥˣɶ˵С
Զŵ۶С֮󣬾ͷħ֮УһֱĽܷѩһ𣬺Ľܷѩĸ鼫ãĽܷѩ뿪ʱҲ֮ˡ
ȻСĽܷѩȴɫһЩǵ˵СͻȻͲˡ


2093 ħ
ˣ
ȻСͻȻʧˣ
šĽܷѩҡҡͷҲ֪ȥ֮ͨڵʱԭҵģǹ֮ڵһɲǣƺǱһɿռоˣôʧˣôһֱȫޡ
ĽܷѩЩ˸УҲЩΣоԼûչ˺С
ռСüͷС壬ʵԸĽܷѩϣˣȴҲռߣĽܷѩԼȴû£ЩѰˡ
׷ʲô飿
Ľܷѩ˸УοʦˣСԭϿɵ壬ҲռоߣСδǻ£һЩԵܵĳٻ
벻ԭҲֻõķˡ
ڻ֪СǲԨԨҪҲǴ룬ʵϣСڹ֮ʱͱߣ˵ûԨ
Ͽ֮صһĽܷѩ۾¶һЩ˼֮ɫϿٻСǴõĽˣϿ
ħ֮Ĺ𣿡
Ľܷѩʶ˵
λԨʮ˲ħ֮Ĺ̫ܡ
ħ֮Ĺʲô֮ǰǸ˵ˣħ֮ĹңҲʱһҪȻҾҪˡ
ħ֮ĹǳģƺǺڰԨҪҲصһط
ħ֮ĹҲȫ˽⣬ںڰԨЩҲɱһЩߵԨħõһЩԨļصϣѧһЩԨģǿһЩƺħ֮ĹУ˺ڰԨǿʵͼڼħĵءҲǵġڤаЩħĵط
ͼڼħĵطһּĶħ̫ˣ۷ʱ·ˣʮ޷֮⣡
ΨһҵǣǰĴս·˺Ͳɱ֮£ͼڼħѾͷЩˣʧ١
ǣĽܷѩ˵ħ֮ĹܵµͼڼԨħЩסˣٳµͼڼħʮΣˡ
ͼڼħҲиĸôôģ
ħ֮ĹܣûܴӻĻеõμ䱻ĺħ볬ħϣľĳħǾͿˡ
ǡĽܷѩҡͷͼڼħģӵʵĸߵԨħħ֮Ĺ֮ȥģ֮µԨħͿͨڵ
̣Ϊħ䡯ĸ̫󣬶ԽܼԨħʵǱмߵҪ޷ܣֱӾͻҷ𣬶ңܡħ䡯һǾǡҪӵһƪصļģǿħ֮ĹҲǼħ䡯Կס
ĽܷѩЩ¶Ź֮ɫ
ôˣ
˵ļģɡ
ֽ֮һĨһصĺ飬ģⱾ鱻ĺ֮ţһ㣬΢΢ţзӡһ࣬ƺ֮ѹԭҪӡһ㣬ﵽսú֮㹻ˡ
Ȿ飬Ľܷѩд󾪣һЩ֮У˹ڼĵأдһĺϣǺ飬еⱾΪƣ
⡭Ūģ
һʥеõģԷ̫Žżڳġ˵
Ľܷѩ˺Щˣ¡ɫģһƪͼڼħһһӦֻһͼڼħˣӦĺŻԻ
ÿħ֮Ĺʹùܼ֮Ķħɹͨ飬ôͻƾʧԻ
෴ܼĶħڿʧܣҷôͻգһЩ벻ĵطеʱɳԨ֮⣬֪ԨħζõһƪɫģȻܶߵȶħþֶΣȴҲûҵΪԨ̫һƪô붼ݣںڰԨһֱһ˵ǾܵõɫĵԨħܵħĶħħʹħʹںڰԨӵмߵĵλΪܵħ࣬ͨΪͼڼħĸҲ󣡡
û뵽еƬɫģȻһʥŵõǷˣʮǻȻܵħĴ࡭
ĽܷѩҡҡͷȻǶԨħĴ˵֮Աˡ
ȴ΢΢ƺ˼ʲô
ţʲôĽܷѩʵ
룬ôƪġ°ͣķ档
ҳĵһǣĹǽҲǿʼ
дıǣúߣ٣
桱ͼڼħĴţ˭˶ħϴ񣬶ܳΪ棬ֻˣĺԻ
úɫôĽܷѩü΢ƺܱٵ׵ֶΣǽײκԨħҲĵطúڰԨӴһͷͼڼħߣƶһƻú壬ߵȼħǰƻɱǣðաϸ滮һ򣬾͵ǸԨħͱˡ
ĽܷѩԺУһʱܶͷ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ʦ㣬Ҹղǡһ÷Ҳе񡣡
ţĽܷѩһ
ʦȿ
˵䣬ͻȻͺһõͳɳƶһס
ȫǽžžı죬忪ʼθߣͣƤ渡ֳĹǼ׺Ƭ⣬ϥǣð˹Ǵ̡
ֻһʱ䣬ѾһԨħ
Ľܷѩ׾ˡ
㡭ôģ
֪޵˼ߵľ磬ܹı幹죬ǰģһԨħҲ̫ˣܴڸܵһԨħϢϢ˼ٵġ
Ҹϲˣ
ĿԼǰı仯Ľܷѩ޷ϳǰԨħαװģϳ
αװ̫ˡ
˵ˣʦ㣬ӵжħ֮룬ǷܣҲܳܶħأ
һ仰Ľܷѩסˡ
һ࣬ܶħ䣿
̫ˣ
̫Σˣ֪ܶħʱᷢʲôߵȼԨħܼʱ򶼿ڵʵ
Ľܷѩʵ֪ʵǶ٣Ϊû㿼ǵʵ죬ҲܱЩ񼶶ħǿɣ
УڶħлԭΪԨħ׼ģ˼֮㻹ԭô
Ľܷѩ˵ԼĹǣҵħػ£ңҴ㿪ߵ˫ӵ͸ˡ


2094 ˫ӵ
˫ӵѾ˫ӵˣ
׼ڿ˫ӵĴ㣬Ľܷѩһû뵽ǵٶȾȻô졣
ǣΪǵߵ˫ӵеһҲһ
⣬λϣߵÿһһضλãĿüģļϸڵȵȡ
˫ӵλȴʮ⣬ߵ⡣
˫ӵ֮һǳⲻԶУǳΪ˫ǡ
Ƿ˫Ϊǹ⣬һιӰ
Ӱ߱˳һģһ
˫ӵ˶
Ϊߴеһ˫ӵҪ۵ľǳ֮ģǰκһҲʹã˫ӵҲ
ǹγɵӰһ֣бɵսֻҪֳһֱԴѪһƱԴע˫УͿ˫ΪһѪķ
Ϊ˫ӷ
˫ӷܵľѪԽ࣬Խǿټ˫ӵ۵ľǹ⣬Ϊһ
ȻΪֳһѪ֮ʵҲ𣬵ĳ̶ȣȷʵǾٶˡ
ѧ磬кܶ๦ԼԦҲ÷սķ
ȻЩԦķǼġ
Ԫʯ̥Ȫ̥ȵȻ̥ɣǲ塣
ķʧȻʵǶ岻ʲô˺˫ӵͬ
˫ӵķ߷ֳԼѪǹ֮ûɵģѪ֮
ķʧ
ߵı𱾳ͬԴܸ룬һܺͱںϡ
һͱ壬ᷭӡ
ɲǼӵеġ
ͨ£˫ӵߣͷڴʱǱ˴ںϵģӳʵ
ֻʱ򣬲ŻֿԪٶȸ졣
е뿪˫ӵΪʼ˫ӵ󣬿˫ӵԣڵĶħֿ֮֮
˫ӵкܴĲͬ
һߣ˫ӵ󣬷ķûʲô𣬷뱾ֿսٶȸ죬ͱںϣ͵ڵս
ͬ˫ӵΪǹӰ֮󣬽ԼеĶħ֮һ㲻ʣȫע뵽֮УԼ˫ӷһ׵׵Ķħ
ıֻ֮ӦѪ
պݻڱͷں֮󣬿ʱлԼ̬
Ϊħ˫ӷҲ޼ɵɷɶħ֮򾤾ҵҵ֮ΪȲߡ
һͲõɷ߿Ϊаøӣֶħ֮ɵˡ
ȵԼ˫ӵ󣬽ħ֮ĹʱҲȫԷΪûԨħ̬ܶħ䣬ҲӦòᷢˡ
Լ뷨Ľܷѩ˵ˡ
ĽܷѩûзӦ㡭ֳܷһħ
Ľܷѩе˼飬ôôͿǵĵߵڵĻ֮ôģ
ӦÿԣҲԼǶģֻҪֳһƱԴҵĵڶ̬ˡ
⡭Щ굽׾ʲôĽܷѩʣֻǸղ̸̫飬һֱûлᡣ
Ԩħɱʮᣬڽһħֱ˼顣
ԼǧľһһʮĸĽܷѩ˵ˣӱƮ׷ɱʥȡԼıԴٵ½ѣתֵ棬ջĻ겢ƿػ֮˳ʥս
ĽܷѩҪκħܣһʲôġ
ľĽܷѩ˺һЩľֱ̫ˣ޶࣬һƬɽٵΪ䣬˻ʡô䶼ݣʵڲ˼顣
ΪԼ̫ŽżоԵɱѾǲˣľȴԵƽˡ
ԭ㵱ʧ٣Ϊʥ
Ľܷѩ֪˵ʲôˣоʥ⡣˵ʥдڶȫ֮һ˿ԼıԴ꣬ӡԪ֮ʹתطôô£ָĿԽɡʥҲ֪ӵħƾʲôΪ»ָأ
̾һҡͷҲʱڻ۽֮£ΨһѡʱȷʵɣʥӦƾһֱΪϣҲΪԼϣɡ
ʥһһŮӡ
뵽뵽ǸںУ֮ŹǵľŮӡ
Խʱ䳤ӣʥŮӾ˫ӵķͱһƣǵʲôϵأ
ʥ۵ĶԹжԼһУⶼʥһּΪӵĸ顣
аޣȴƺҵľ¡
ȻΣҪʲôǧǰƮ׷ɱͶ·лһԻʱʥԼһһݶ飬ǣµʱʥҲš
˵ĸоһںɫ֮еɳǰ䣬󻨿Խֻأ鲻ΪԵע


2095
ɳǣΪԨʮūгڹ屬֮ⲻûܵӰ죬ԽԽ
µʱ䣬ÿ£ū˵ɳʱգɳǾۼūѾﵽ˶ʮЩūȫǾϸѡƷкܶūǴԨʮ㣬ʮ߲ħܲġ
ħΪܹõūһЩ̫ūʥ磬ΪȫЩūħǵĹǲȱģֻ޵ʥ
ټǻ꺣еūӡרŵĵ̺ūʹЩūƿصĸʽ㣬ȻǱߣֱֽ⿪ūӡǲָܻҡ
ʥūÿһۡ
ڽūǾͽˣУҲĳЩߵȼħרŻڲõġ
һգ󣬺ɳɳĮھյҫ··Ҫȼɰ֮ԳֳɫΪһЩɷ֣̫µɰ˵Ľ̳ˮһֻɰ棬òһʱ䣬ܽ졣
ȻȵɰӣĳЩȴʲô
¡
һֻɫĹţһȵĺɳȳһһ߶Ľӡ
һͷ۾ˣǶ۾֮еıƷ֡
ͨĶ۾˸ߴǿٶȸ죬Ȼļ۸Ҳͨ۾˵ʮࡣ
ͨ۾ѾݳƷˣı۾ˣһ˵ġ
ʱ۾˵ģѾԨħӡ
ʱգԨѾȥһʱ䣬һӶںɳɳĮһħᷢ˶εײ̬ϢĻɱǧԨħлһغɳǵλԨħ
ɱЩԸһĶħȻʵȴɷÿһħϵĶħ֮գģɷԽԽ죬ﵽܴﵽ߾ˡ
Ѿһ׼Դڵͬʱ˫ӵˡ
ɱɳֱӽħסˣ֮ǰζû뵽ڽ̺ȻôѶԸŴǵľӣɱһֱϳ
ڣѾеһ̣γ
ܿ죬ħͲȡж
һ֮ǰһ֧Ѻ̫ūԨħЩԨħɱ֮󣬹ǧ̫ū
ǧūмߵ츳ΪҲܲƽʱǻȫΪһ
ȻȴʹͼΪЩūūӡʱͬһʱ䣬ȫС
Ŀǧ̫ŮǣԼǰѪеֱӱѪ
ɱԼɱҲԼǼȳȻ
֪̽ħЩūūӡֽ֮ţǿһʱɱЩū
ͶžЩūȵĿܡˣû취չ׳ʵˡ
ħڷ˴ʱõļҰսɱһǧ˰١
һͼȥūΪͱûκ壬ǸǵڼЩ̫ūѡ
ħ̫ߣƫƫֺް취
ڣûиħսֻܴλսսλĻᶼħˣôƺͻȻͱˡ
ɳǣǴҰεȴû塣
һʱ䣬ʿ÷ǳ䡣
ʱִ䣬Ǿǣħںɳһλ۳ϣ
ħᣬȨıǺ۳ϣÿһ۳ϣԨħ
ںڰԨҲǴײˣֻڶ֮УÿһеȨߡ
ħ֮ǰûгһգѹһū壬ȻҪһ۳ϡ
һ֧ū˺۳֮ⳡϷҲѾ浽ͷˣΪ񼶵Ԩħͬǿĸ֪۳ϣȻø֪ҵϳǾǹĩˡ
ħ˵һʼݹֻмڶְˣһֻñһѶ١
ħ۳ϵĵùһʱĻ̡̻
ԣò˶ãħĴģΧ˾ͻˡ
˵ֻһȺۼūûоκϵͳĹѧϰ;ѵȻΪָҫľ򣬵սǿ
һʱ䣬ӵ죬ƵƵĽܷѩֻ˽۸ӦħΧˡ
ܶˣ뵽˷Ԩʮ㣬ȻȥԨʮһ㣬ҲþͰȫ٣ΪħһǿߣҪĶࡣ
ǳʱ򣬷ױ֣֮֡
ȻĽܷѩһžֻܾһǾǡԭش
øﶼûףȻΪĽܷѩȨֲòӡ
£죬ħ߲㣬û֪ħĺ۳ɳǲ֮ҲȻ˺ɳǡ
֪һֱȴĻᣬˡ
׿˫ӵĻᣬҲʵһ
¡¡
سʮı۾ˣÿһ̤ڴɳĮУ˻εɳˣֱϴɳĮ֮УڸµĿбʡ
ͷ۾ˣӶ˺ɳĺƸ֮öħʯģͨħݳƷԣʲô
ʱɳǣѾǰ


2096 ū
ű۾˽ǣܿǾηĽĿ⣬ںڰԨƸʵȣֻʵĶħȨݳޣ򼴱壬ҲòʲôƸԨħԣǺܵĮһֹϵߵȶħԼĺ
һȻһֱڱħͱӣɳǣȴǵһΡ
ɳһǳĳУе˿ܶȣҪħ߳Ǵöࡣ
ɳǵĽֵǳű۾ڽֵϺУԨħԹԸ·κԹԣʵΪ磬ϱ۾ˣʵǿ
һ·ϣֱϺܶ欵ħŮԼۣǺɳǵļŮںɳһõĳУŮͽǮѾ֪˶µĹְҵҲ÷ˮ
ûЩһֱħὨĺɳūг
ūгһгǣӵи߸ߵĳǽڳǽ֮Уж졣
֣Ƭǽ֮УӡһƬǧ磬ƬĹģзԲǧСб鲼Ŀ¥¥һɽƼ䡣
ȳ˺ţǺڰԨūг￴ֱʮǻʥһ㡣
£Ҫʲôū
֮һֻεεħӭʹõǸߵԨ
ȻѪ֤ĲҲʹħڡ
ȥɣ
˵䣬ѾԷգħŮӣЦһ߷һܡ
УԶԶĿһ̨֮ϣŮūȻūǱĴ˿Ҳͼĸо
ܶŮūŻʳǴŵʥŮҲŮūСˣһϧŮūֻʮ꣬Сɲ¶ǣЩСŮΪȻߣ츳Ϊڡ
ȻеŮܸ߹ʥġС˵ġģһĶǵγ˼ķ
ħŮߣЩ԰˵¿ĸ͵Ůūɲͽǵľ£ЩŮūʥŮģҲʥŮʣСұģǱˣԵıһ
üû˵ĳЩӣһ˺üŮūûʲôħŮֵЩһŮūйϵǿ˫̥İ̥׽ãĸŮ
ħŮӵĽܣֿһЩŮˣ̾һǻഺãԸУ壬ȻǵһѾˡ
ʱΧвԨħѡһ˭˭ͻȥԼūˡ
ɫ䣬ħŮӻΪ⣬æ²Ҫżֻǿʼ滹иɫģ¸ǹһûаħʯĲǽȥģȻûˡ
ħŮЦǺǵģȻỳ֧Ǳ۾ˣͨġ
ǰ·ĬĬĸţĸ֪ʵѾǧ磬Щֹ󷨣޷
ڸ߿пһɽ֮ϣ¥֮Ул԰鲼̫ߡ
ɹһƬɽĹ㳡ϰٸ̫ųһŮʮֿЩڴȭ
֮£һȺ̫߰ʤѩ뻮һ׺ᣬʮֺÿ
ȻǶūΪūӡѾûңǵõǾչʾԼ¶ľ״̬ҲǷܷϵģںڰԨĺɳȺˣôһΪԼһ̫ʥص䳡ˡ
ţɹһƬҩ԰ʮµŮӣҩ԰оĴЩݲݣǶǻ껪׿Լ񻣬òǻһ
ʮŮҩ԰Ϸ紩ʵѵһ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴֻпΪЩ޵ŮԽԽױߣӭǵ³ȴޱңЩֻԸԨħߣǾͻЩħܺ壬ǵ³ǱĶħӤԵ
УֿһЩҩŮš
һɽȣɽ֮УȪʵ
ЩȪˮ̶͸ҺЩ֮УһȺֻűɴƬԼйŮϷˮԡ
û뵽ܿһȺŮԡ龰
һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˣԨħʮǻУаĴʵϣʮǻУγûжħڡ
ǰЩеĳŮܸԷ̽Ѱ»ʮǻҲҪ̲סǮЩŮˡ
Ĺפ㣬ħŮ¶һζЦݣڵĹȣֻн˶𣬲ԸЩŮūȥŶЩƷŮū챻֪ٶħۿĻҲ߼ˡ
ĬһͻȻڵ۸ƣеģ
Ļ򵥶ֱףħŮһϲæݳһöеū۸񶼼¼ˡΪӴԱµūɵġ
ɨһۣɳеū۵ģۣǴɹ
Ϊ˴ɹģܵĻ뽫Щūȫ
ħеūϣʱҪūӡһħֲ֣ӮˣЩūҲҪᡣ
Ը⿴ģԣڽɳǽ췭ظ֮ǰҪЩūܶͳȥ
ܾ¸ˡ


2097 Ҫ
¾ôĻھȥŶЩŮūɶϵȻɫ츳õ޿ޣŮūСͱѵȡøµļǻδأ
ħŮӸĶߣ˵
ܿջ󣬵ȻҪȥһ̽ҷҪ֧𣬶ЩŮūȫ
е򣬽еļ۸һ飬Ȼ֪ŮūĴż۸񣬵һ֮΢΢զࡣ
Щū̫ˡ
ĲƸҲܶ࣬һ˳ɰǧԨħټл𼶵ԨħڵʮʵɳǣĽܷѩ˲ٶħʯ
Щ꣬۵սƷͲƸҲһˡ
Ҷˣ
óһöֽ䣬ħŮħŮһ£ָ֪һʱסˣָ棬ǶѻɽĶħʯԹ˵·Ȫɽ֮еʮŮˣٸŮҲ¡
ղ˵⻹ֻǶ
𡭡
ζţһҪóĲƸ¸ū뵽ħŮʱ
£̫ˣҪȥô
ΪЩĹȵŮ֮һȪУЩɫɲ͵ŮȻû뵽ȴֻӲ˵һ䣬˸Ǵ·ң
·
ħŮһ£ħֲǻ˺ܶ˼ŲõһУǰԨħȻûа㷴ӦЩ֮УԼԼŮǴ·ǲǱô
Ȼֹںɳǣ˵ҪһУħŮֻհˡ
ĹеŮõȪˮгԡ壬˸Ե·
ʼĸ̨ϣūȫ
Ƭ޴ūгЩūֵľ״̬ܷϣūȴЩŮǱ˱ɫݳ
ûĸŮԸⱻﵱƷ
һЩʥŮҲãСұҲգħ֮£òʵͬʱȴҲܿǵĲţЩŮ԰ףкΣǵӡţֳ
Ԩħ˵Ůūӣܼе
żмһԨħŮūҲһЩ֣ЩŮūߡ
̧ͷվǰ
ߵһǰ棬һģһŮЩӵηӵĽ䣬ʶĵͷҿϾʵ̫
Ի껪Ů˵һߣȴǵĽʲô
˵أ𣡡
ԱߣһֻצħűӣŮĲ֣дŭ˦ӾҪȥŮצħķӦǾʧ롣
ЩצħԷǳñӴķ϶ϣʹޱȣƫƫֲǵƤ˺ۡ
ŮѾʶıۣȻԤʹȴûе۾һȴצħеıӣڳ֮ǰͱһߴԨħץסˡ
ԨħԣԭҲܸߴצħСһСˡ
צħЦЦˣЩСʱն̣ЩҰԣ鼸Ӿͺˡ
ޱĿצħһ˫۾¶ĵɱצħһЩ

צħһڿˮ֪˵ʲôˣɲǿߡ
Һʱתͷצħһ
ˣĶħŮ˵
ħŮдϲצħҲʮָˣŮȴãȻʧ룬Ȼ֪ȴǵʲô
Ϊū֮ǾͲָʲôʣܻȥѾܺˡ
ô˵ǰߴԨħȻֹצħݲǵ壬ܸòǸ̵ı̬ɡ
ŮţҲһǴ߳
Ҳ˵һ·ǰŮֻһ¼۸񣬱ֱӽ¡
˺۸񶼲ˣһһħŮū۵ġ
ܿ죬ŵٸŮ¡
ЩŮܶϻǳɫı޺ۣ·Ҳദϧ
ʱ򣬸ħŮѾֿ˻֪ΪʲôôһôŮūҲûȤ̽ԼǮյġ
һɣ㹻ƽʱˡ
бµūԼľֳһɷŮūǵľ֮ǻ꺣ԭūӡ
һЩŮūֻˣǱūӡ֮Уū˲ȥ󷨽ƣҲȻ˳ˡ
ħһؿڱţȻǳ۵ū֮мù˿ͲˬĽˡ
һһūߣҲ˵ˣֱһ֣ħŮֺǺǵĽūߡ
ɽ㳡ļٸ̫ūŮ¡
ҩ԰еʮһŮūҲ¡
¥֮УУУ뷿УԽԽūŮū
߲ܣʱһطţгصŮū߹յȫա
ˬ˺ɳǳҲħĶ
ƽʱɳǵħʱѾӭˡ
ĶħʯԽԽ࣬ѾĲˡ
ʱūҲĲˣеū˻Ԫ칬֮С
ʱѾӡı̬ĻԪ칬Ԩħĺڰݣ칬ѾһĹǼס
ھĸʱ֮һ̫ū˻Ԫ칬Ԫ칬ХŷߣĿͻԪ칬ƿգʧ֮ݽ
ħʯѾȫ֧ˣЩʯʱǰԨħҲǺɳǳϡ
ɳǳͬѪͳıҪߴ󣬴ʱ΢Цſ˵ǺˬղŸߵūѾΪ˾ۣ´ǰ¶˵ҪǻΪʵū
Ԩħ˵䣬֣Ըȥ׼ϯֿʵ֪»ʲôô
ĮĿ˺ɳǳһۣ˹˵һһҪ󣬾ǡҲ븶Ǯˡ
Ŀ⣬·˵һ΢С¡
ţɳǳɫһûƵġ
˵ҪڰеĶħʯҡ
һһٵ˵۾ƵĶźɳǳ
ɳǳɫһܱǫ͡ڿЦɣЦɲЦūѾˡ
ǳǸҲڿЦ˵䣬۾Ѿɱ⡣


2098 ߳
ɱ⣬Σɱͺɳǳڵķ֮У˵Ľһжˡ
ܵɱɳǳǷŭǿ־壬ǡţ
ɳǣħĵ̣ħᣬǺڰԨ֮Уһ˼ʮĳӵвĵ̣ӵڶĸ֣˸̫ͷ϶
οڵĺɳǣһ򣬾Ȼжħںɳ£ô
̨ģǹµģ
ɳǳҲ¶ɱ
ħû¹˭ȻǰƺҲ򵥣ȻȴҲںɳǳ
ô˵Ҳ޷ҿЩ̫ūԭͲǱƷ˵ôԣҸղŸļöֽ䣬ɡ
˺ɳǳɱһ£ɹž޲
⻰ںɳǳУȴŭԽԽ
֪
ɳǳǴ伷⼸
ԨħϵʮȫͬɳǳҲȫֱΪǴܸоΪ
һΪˣȴսļޣô
Ȼ˵Ԩħ֮Уǻ۵µ壬۾ˣٱڼħǰӵѪͳĶħȻ
һλᣬջظղ˵Ļ̹ɳǣôҾ͵û֮أ
ɳǳ޵ģոճ׿һֵĶħʯµĹūȫˣôΪڵͳһʬˡ
ȻľȴûЧ
ĬĬĳһ˺ɫĳǹǰǹԨħ̬֮£ǹ̬Ҳ˸ı䣬øһЩ
Ѿɳǳ񳹵

˵ֵͬʱɳǳˡ
ԼצӣܶԨħǵõ
צһץʺ
ڹ֮УɳǳóԼķһɹɺ״צð˳ܹپһеԨ֮𣬱ʮĻϵӿֲ
ںɳǳֵһ˲䣬Ҳˡ
תڵļЧԨħսʽаǹһǹ£ִǹâǵɽֱѹ˺ɳǳϡ
꣡
ͺɳǳֵһ˲䣬µΧһȫۣ
ɳūгеɹֽ̨˲ҷ𣬰ฺܶѺūԨħҲ籩˽ȥֱӷǣ
񼶸ֵĽֲֺֻһγͽԲﷶΧнȫΪƽأ⻹󷨱¡
Ƭūгػ󷨣ôղŵὫǧ綼ɷɻң
УɳǳѾɳȥصһɽ֮ϣɽˡ
鲻֪ٴȫѪʯѾҲˡ
ʲô£
ôģ
ܶԨħûǷ׷׷ɹͿֳһ˺ɫǹվһƬ֮ϣǰһ˵ɽ
һְֳ̣ǹǹβصĶ˵ϡ
ࣣ
һ죬ؾҵ޴ĳϯˣ԰ǹǹβΪģɢ俪ϹԨħȫɣ
ǰɽγɵķҲķѣ
µĺɳǳֱӱը˳ȫѪѾ״ˡ
ʱһ̤аǹͬʸһֱȥһ˲䣬˺ɳǳʺ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬źɳǳľעȫֱ
ɳǳ˫ͻãֲŵ޷ţʵȻôǿ
ʣһԤıϮɱ
һֻΪɱԼ˵ɱԼ֮󣬶ԼϷŪ
㡭
Ԩħޱǿ󣬺ɳǳڱش֮ɵһѪĭ
ɫĮһֱӽԼ֮ǰɳǳĲƸͬɳǳԼֽ䣬ȫС
˵ЩҪҵġ
һ仰úɳǳüѪħᡭŹġ
ɳǳ˵仰һ˲䣬ԴֱӷתĿʬ󲻽ķɳūгڵǧ硣
Ҳһ龰ˡ
ʱɳһ¡¡ͬһ
̺޾ķŭͬ񷣣һУ
˭ɱħ
Ӱһ٣֪ˣħפغɳǵĺ۳ϣҲԼжĿꡣ
ղţԵʯٶȣǧлɱɳǳԭڱչ֮еħ᳤ϣ޷ʩȡ
ˡ
ɳǣһƬ֮С
֮ϣѾڱˣ㷭ī֭ΧһУ˲úڰ޹⣬ֲָ
֪ħϣſԼҪɳȫ
Χ£
Ӱһһ򼲷ɳȥ
ಣ
ͬҹյǣ˫סǹעǳ֮µ˲䱬ֱԵ

˺ѣȻһӲĳƬ
ԭʵͿԻͨһȻ⣬ȻΪ˴ԼĿģһ˲䣬ȴȼһ˿Ѫ֮
֮ȼһ˿žѪʲôȻΣУȴȫԸı־
ƿ֮ٶչͬһ㻮ʣɳɳĮɶȥ
ǷڶĹɳ
Щɳγ˸ߴǧľ޴ɳɳĶһֻɳɵľ޴ħ֮צݺݵץ
غɳǵĺԼֶͨΣԶϮɱ
ֶΣƺȻȴԶԶֻ֣ҪԸ⣬ȫԻħ֮צȻûôϵܶħ֮צԸٶȣɳɳĮӶȥ
ߣ
ںɳ֮Уŭ𣬹ӿϣѾ׷ɱˣ
ҪЧڱ׷ɱʱһֱѹԼʵΪ˽ľ֮ġ
ֳʵ̫ǿԷģô۳Ͼδػ׷ɱˡ
ںɳǣȫûлɱ۳ϵİա
Ҳ˵ɳ󷨣ԽɴԼɧŵħצɳǵļ󣬾ߵȶħ۳ΣʱٵõϢҸ֧Ԯˡ
Ҫģǽ۳ɳǡ


2099 պ
¡
¡
ɳγɵĶħ֮צһһε£ͻǿ֮е㣬ûɳܽΡ
Ȼʱʵκ˶ΪαװΪľ
ͱԨħϿΪŵͬڻڣΪܹлɱһԨħԼ֧ôУѾ漣ˡ
˵ʵҪǿһЩԨħԼš
ޣɳɱ쾭壬òҪ룬һס׷ɱ֮ʮ֮ұֻ
֮ͬһ㴫ݳȥ˺ɳǣúɳеԨħˣ
˵ĺ֮ǰɱĺɳǳͲɫĽԼɱɳǳḶ́ͳ˳ɱ
Ľͣʵ˭ʮֺ
ΪһԨħԲͻɳǣͻȻֻɱħɳǳǽħκһԨûȫ׼£ȡԵ⼸ͬںħսˡ
ǣһʵǿĶɳǳ˽һеĽԷɱһо׽ˡ
ᣬҲҪĽڣñ֪ԼӵݳԨħҲ˽жϵϡ
ֻһ򵥵ĳɱһж˵ͨˡ
ΪʲôҪɱɳǳĽͣϱŭǰħԼƤնɱ˺ɳǳҾȻܵʱвԼ
߳ϻ֮غɳǣ壬ѹ黹ûüĿɳǳȴˣһɳǵʱδ棡
Ե˵ղһħϼᶨҪɱͷң뾡ɣô˵棬ҲǶ
չϳ˹ƣһצ
צӰ翪˺ɳɳĮǧɳ˲ۻȻʱ̾ͻȻ٣նյıܿһ
ʲô
ħһһΪѾڱصˡ
ȻȻա
ģϱĺ⣬Ȼһȼ˾Ѫ
ÿһΣȼվѪ٣Կŵ˵ûаӰ죬ȻȴôΪ
ֻΪѾټޡ
֧ŵʱ
ħӰɣȻȴ֣һȻٶȱȶԷ죬ҲǵأÿһΣҪֵʱ֮յָоǷץѾץ֣ȴӲöԷָˡ
˱֣ħϸе˼飬²⣬ĳطٶȺϣӵԶͬߵʵ
ȻվʵĲǲԽģڶħϿġ
ʧ֮󣬶ħԵĸоΪȼվѪѾһЩ
ڣιצӰ塣

һ죬Ļħ֮˲䱬飬巭ɳȥȻˡ
ħһϲѾôãԼ޹⣬ȲҪ׽
֮裬ҼסˣպʵԽ㣬һɱѹڷѪ
ĺħϵУ˸Ũصɱ
ʵ֪䣬ǹʩչֶȻǱСʱգ˵ܳԼ
Լħˣ˭֪ԼܻѰԼ鷳ġ
뵽ħ顣
Ѿ·ˣҲκλᣡ
ħϵߴγ֣Ҫһٽⳡè׷ϷʱԭѾ;ĩ·ͻȻóһ¾ɵĹžһѪž֮ϣžѪ֮䡣
һ̣žȫ飬ɹӰ˺գŹžһ𣬶գƺҪпռŲƣ
ţ
һĻǶħȻ
һڱ׷ɱ£ϾпռŲƣΪҪ봩ԽռҪĸռ䷨׼ռꡣ
Ǳ׷ɱʼձſڱ׷ɱĹУ¡
ǶħϵȻΪ϶ǳиոóĹžϡӦһ鴫ֱ̣֮ӽʹߴ͵ָĵص㡣
ĴҲϡ棬ֻǳĴ̱Ƚ٣̾Ĵ̣Լߡ
ϺħȥѰʱϻ˾ͽԼӹżҵĶݷǶݷһ̾Ĵ
Σʱ̣öݷǧ괫ˡ
Ĵ󣬶Եͼ˵Ըߵȼ߶ԣȴЧһˡ
ΪѾø֪Ҫ׷ɱĿ꣬ԣˡ
Ʈ֮󣬼·š
ħӰȻĸ֪һֱλãһδͣͿԽ룬Ѿɹ˺ɳɳĮɵޱ޼ʵպϣ
һ˲䣬ħһЩԥ׷ɱʧ֣һ˿ͬѰĸо˵һֲԤС
ȻָоҲֻ΢΢ӹͷȥˡܾôŹݵԥ֮Ը֪ҵ꣬˺ա
ǰĿռͨħһ⣬һ̣̤֮УӰٴѾ֮⡣
ǿ߶ԣһοռŲŲǧʲô
ȣһʱ䣬ħѾޱ޼ʵպϣ궨ڵأҰУ廮һ磬պɶȥ
պԨʮı߽磬ռ临֮дѵĿռ䣬ͨδ֪Ļ磬Ա巽
ʱ𶼲С
պɶݣʧ򣬶һʧˣҪѰҲޱѡ
Ժܶˣľأʧٻȥпܡ
պҵ׷ɱ
ħһԸպΪ񼶶ħҲҪԶ
Ը֪һһ˺գ̾ռŲƣһΣǰ
ȴԤϣħϳֵһ˲䣬ȻתŲ෽ȥ

ħȭȻӳɲǼ䣬ȵĺˮˣѹ
ſӿĺˣĿһɲǼ䣬ǹնһεǹâأ

ͬɽһĺ˱ɾһΪ󳹵ױ鿪
ˮڶֵľ޴ˮֱ죬ϵƶ忪ˡ
ţ
һ˲öħȻһ΢΢۾


2100 Ϯɱ
ƿ˵һ˲䣬ȻһΣ˺ʣղһֱʵ
㡭˭
ħɱ֣òĸеģպϿգصʱմң̽鵽ϢҲʹãսĻѼʱԮ
ˢ
һΧĿռȫǡ
ĺɿռ䣬ռڣɷħϵĿռŲƣʵϣȫ֮£ûԷҲʱ侲ռ꣬ÿռŲ뿪պ
ܵħϵɫ׳ĸͼڼ£ʲôʱôͷβģħɣгɣ
ħϵĸ֪ȫȥܿܵ͵ϮȻͻȻ䱬ǿʵȻɲΪⳡ壬ֻһڳ
ʵԭħ߲㳤϶ԣܵΧɱǲܵ飬ΪںڰԨΧɱ񼶶ħҲôħκһĹϵˮݵҪϮɱԷϵĳ̶ȡ
ǴΧɱô˽Ļ͸ˡ
ħϱ˵ĳңͲ౻ɱˣм©֮㣬ôЩħԼǲõҲ֯һΧɱ
Թ鸽񼶶ħԨûеģˣħϲŻ޼ɵ׷
Ȼʵȴ⣬ǰȼƣöħףںɳǵ¼ܿһʼԼģĺɳǳֻһԼĻӰˡ
Ȼħû뵽ǣû˴صĵطֵֻһˡ
һ̣ͻȻſҫǳſǳУޣҫڵ
¡
󱬿˾ҵĲĳǹɽһĺˣħ̶ֱ
ǡ
ħдʶǷʩչʽԨħӵеķ򣬶ƺǡʮ
Ԩħʩչʮôܣ
ħѾϸ룬ʱ򣬰ǹѾ̵ǰҫǹâȼյףĿ֮
ħϵͺһȫǽڱ죬צȭȻһȭҳ
¡
һȭصѹڰǹϣ
֨֨֨
ǹһȻ޴ϯȥγ˾ķ캣Х
һ֮öħд󾪣ȭͷϣۼ׵һѾȫ飬Ѫֱ
ݣ
ħͬһ㵹ɳȥϴ֮
㵽˭
ΪԨͼڼ֧Ҫħ᲻ʩչʮ취֮ȴľ
Ԩħѧϰʮʥű䣬ʥ֮ѶȣҪʮֹ
ħκ˼Ļᣬٶȳǹ󿪴ϣÿһǹ̶ֱħϵҪ

ħзŭ֮˫צӳצӰ֯˾޴Ĺָ
䣡
ħϺ޻ڵԺ䣬Ϊ񼶵Ԩħֱ׷ۼףҲѷɫ
ȻʵѾȣսֱ潫ܡ
¡
һֳ̣սӰ޴ħֱħϷצӰи÷顣
׼ᣬһ̤ǰռڷ֮ȫʧȥ壬аǹͬĶߣһĽǶбɨħϵ¡
²ǶħϵҪȻȴǼΪһ㣬ΪħϵҪͷķЩҪ֮ױ£ʵҲˡ
ѡ㣬ν֮ȫħϵԤϡ
һǹֺֿݣܣ
꣡
ħ֮飬ۼױ˺ѣѪ䣡
ħؿڱһһ߳Ŀӣбɳȥ
Ȼ˿ڲȻǹƿ˿ڵһ˲䣬һɵħϵڣֱķΣ
㵽ס
ħдӲһڶħ֮ǿŵĿԷʵȻԼ֮ϣԷΪֻѡ
ûиԷκλᣬһǹȥþ֮ʱڣɳһ
£ľԪԪʯ̥
ֳֳͬǹһƯĳǹȦɱǹ⻮Ļߣߵе㣬ǶħϵĲӣ
ʲô
ħͫķԪʯ̥ûбԨħӣҲʮ壡
֮ǰǶħϻûΪʲôͨʮ취򣬶ʽ̫ͣϸ룬ֱʮͻȻڳ֣ŻȻ
Ԩħ
ħȻʶһ㣬˫ĿѪ죬벻ͨΪʲôԼϸܵԨħѪ
Ȼʯ֮䣬Ѿ޷ǣԪʯ̥ĳǹѾĲӡ
꣡
ǧһ֮ʣħ֮ſһĴ죬ֱӽǹҧסˣ
޴Ľᡣ
ȻĹͬ籩ûͣЪһ̣һһͬʱڳֱľ;Ԫϵ
ľ֮üķ̶ֱħϵĻ꺣
ͬʱֳһ˶ìɨħϵ£һ㣬Ƕħϸղŵľ˿ڴҪԨħϼˣ
㣡
ħͫϬ籩һĹѾȫͬʱµĹֻܵһ
ûоǣħϱܵľԼĻ꺣ħܣסľ񴩴̣
Ԩħԣȴʮֳڡ
£ȻҪȷ꺣һܵ𵴣Ӧĳ档
꣡
֮ڶħ֮ϣֱ۶ϡ
ʱ򣬶ìȴʵʵɨԨħһںѪ۶˵ķһ㷭ɡ
֮УԨħȻһâɵ֮һԾԶķֱȥ
Ҫӣ
֪Լ壬Ҳ֪򲻹ڸ뵽ľպ˵鱨ħ߲㡪ʮǻݳԨħħϢģ⣬޷һʮħ鱨
ֵעǣϢԨ̫ᣬʮ壬鱨͸Ҫˣ
ܹ񼶵Ԩħûһߣħ´ʱشȴҲڶʱڣͻȻޱȿֲ
ʱԨħǰǷռĺ


2101 ɱ
ȫ߶֮£ɿռһɫĻһУ
ۿԨħҪɿռ䣬ԸʱѾһУħպΪ˵ƾսĻҲǻ񣬺лɱ
ǣ㾡ȫǽδˡ
°ɣ
˫Ŀɱ磬ԲħӳȥĻԨħ˾֮ģôԼͲܽħ֮Ĺˡ
ͬʱ׷ɱͬʱ޾ĺɫۣǾ£ƣһźɫ壬е
ħ
ħ̤֮·ʱ͵õһʼֻǿħеƬƿħħ鱨ȴڿеĽħΪԼѾˡ
ħԨħһɱԷԴ
ħֵһ˲䣬Ҳˡ
һ˫Сƽǰԣޱעħ֮С
ǧһֱħռ֮Уħ۳Ҳֻħ֮Уܳɳ
ĻĳɳͻСһ֮ͣС
ھǧʱ䣬Ȼû󣬵Ѿ˳ĽħӵӦ֡
һ˲䣬ؼ˾޴ĺɫУз·ҪһУĺˮųգγ˺ٲ
һɾ޴ڶħϵϣֱģ
ʱϵħǧǰĽܷѩȼձԴ߶ħʱǧٱֹ
һöʮƽĴɵӣ޾ܷӳȫʹߵʵ
ʵԭħ֮ϣʱٴ߶ħѾɵֵ
⻹ûнħֲԨħϻ꺣ϵʱҲͬʱˡ
ǹѾƣλһ壬ںϣִͬưǹħ̶ֱ
ǹХǹâ˺Ѳ񷣬ư磡
һ˲䣬Ƕħϵɫˡ
ǺºХİǹǺеĺɫ塣
ǡ
оԼҪħǿµ壬ӲĽ顣
çϵĿ־壬뵽һЩɬԨصһЩ伮еĴ˵Щ˵
µԥҧ⣬һںɫѪһ̣ȼԼľѪ
ҹ
ħұȻǣѪھ޴ѹ±鿪Ѫץһצһצץ֮󣬺̹·Ũ˽ϣռ䶼ʴˡ
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һһֶ
ⶾڶħڳĶҺһԨľ綾
ֶҺܹƬĶɱ񱻶ش壬ҲҪ۵
ħϵ׹⣬ڵĶҺʵǳÿһζҺھɵģڻϱѪ֮󣬲ʹãıƣȴòʹˡ
ȫմȾֶһʱ䶾壬ǲò
ȻħȴӶãϯħϵĻ꺣
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ħȫѪܱ飬ŨصĺɫѪѪڿ˶ħϵӣ˶ħϵžħ֮С
ǶħԼȴħһ̣ѹȻһɣȻ˺ɿռıԵ
˧ʧԼɵıѪʱħ
ҿ
ħϱһ˫Ŀͨ죬ޱĽע˫ȭ֮У׼ɿռĺɫĻȻҳ
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Ѿǿ֮ĩĶħϣƴ˺ɿռ䣬һɲǣķ
̫Ѿսг˶⣬һڶħ֮ȫѪҪڶʩչ˺Ѫ
ҲֻѪܹ˲ħҲ׷ɱֻҪϵľ룬ͿԴݵʩչռŲƣ뿪պصɳǡ
Ͱȫ˶ˣ٣ܽϢݻȥ
Ȼƿɿռһ˲䣬ѪóһʱϵıȴȻ̡
ǰʮմһŮһ㳤ȫȹƮƮһûа⻪ƤŽԼһն
ŮӣĽܷѩ
һעȫ
ʵϣĽܷѩѾƴڸһеĺɿռ֮ȺʱΪľһ
ʵڶ֮䣬֮ǰչ¶ģлɱɳǳΪҪйŽİʵٽһܹڶ̶֮ڣǿֿȫʢڵλ
ŽĽܷѩõ̫֮ӡ̫Ĳл꣬
Ľܷѩݴͣ
ħǿ֮ĩѪľ
ʹһνѾע˽

ħϼѪĽܷѩһɢѪδ̥У
һɢħϵѪ֮ȥƲֱ˶ħϵؿ֮ϡ
Ļħ֮飬ۼҲ鿪
Ȼ˿ڲ֮ľ޴ҲֱӶ˶ħϵĳ嵹ɳȥ
ϯеħ
һΣٸκλᣡ
עȫħ֮ڽ㣬γ֣֮ҲСͨ죬ޱעħ
޴ĺɫз籩ǶħϵĻ꺣飡

ħϷ˻𣬶ʱѾɢڶںΨһȫעڰǹ֮ϣ
ݣ
ǹգԲ˼ٶȣֱӴ̴˶ħϵĻԪ

ǹ͸룬жħϵִ࣬ӱ󴩳ȥƲֱֹӴһѪ꣬ڶħϵһѪ
һ̣ħϵѾȫ顣
꣡
ʧȥ˵ֿ֮ĶħϣҲ޷ħУĻ꺣һȫѣ걻ɫӲĳ壬֮ħռ䡣
񼶶ħϣʱѾòˡ
ʬ壬ֱͦͦĵȥ棬˫Ŀ֮УԹޡ벻֮ɫ
ʱ򣬰ǹԵķɻأħϵʬ𣬷һĨֱӽħϵֽ䣬С


2102 ħĲƸ
ħֽͬʱʼתɷ
Ѫɫ֮Уħڵϵĳ룬һ񼶶ħӵеʵ̫ӴˣĹУ󲿷ɢˣģȴǶħ֮ľ
һӵʱ䣬ȫ뵽ģۣһöҰᾧ
ᾧӨ͸ᾧڲԿϸܵ·عϵĴ
ĬĬֱ̺䣬һö
ʵ·еõĶħмơħᡣ
öᾧһһΣɱ
ǿߣңɼҲһ׷ɱ;ĩ·죬Ľܷѩĸ֮£ټħһΣ漣
ħϵᾧһħϵֽ䣬ϡ
һǿߵңԷ񣬸οħϻǳħᣬôħ¸ūף۵ĲƸѾˡ
øֽ֪һɨһָ֮Уӡһǧ磬ǻ۵ĶħʯͶѻ˼ʮɽԼ֮ǰūЩħʯ֮һȣǾ͸ʲôˡ
ħʯǺڰԨ֮еԴҲӲͨԼʹãǸĽܷѩľѣᷢӲСá
涼ʲô
Ľܷѩϲʵ
ܸɱһ񼶶ħĽܷѩá
΢΢һЦָĽܷѩ˵ȫǶħʯĶࡣ
ʮԣԨؾȽ٣ҲʹħϵղƷֵһһЩ
ȻνġһҲ񼶵ı׼ԡ
ʵָеĲƷѾ൱ˣ˺Ķħʯ֮⣬ĹмʮףȫʺԨħʹõķ򣬼ֵ
֮⣬ħڲ伮ʮܵĸ
ЩΪ鱦鱦ֻѡһ񼶵սꪣȫĽܷѩʹ͸
ħϵֽУһҩĵҩԨħרõѪĵҩҩǿңѪ֮ǿԨħԣȴʣߺ̫ʹõĻȴпΪܲסҩܵɡ
ЩҩС룬ʣµҲĽܷѩ
֮ͻȻ֣ⵤ֮Уһ󷨷ӡӡ
߶ߣǽһʯͷġ
ʯͷ沼Ѫƣĸ֪ҲԴ͸
ȡСĴȴ֣֮Уһĺɫ壬ЩɫƺһйâΧʱնŤ
һɫ壬ԭֻӤС۴Сľ壬ش
۾һЩɫ壬ǼƷħʯ̺ƷʼߣּƷħʯڸߵȼԨħͻƾ磬¶񼶶ħҲĪĺô
ȻΪϡ٣һħʯжѰһ顣
ŵ˵һ伫ƷħʯļֵҪǼʮĶħʯɽļֵҪöࡣ
ħʯ̺Ԩħõģò󣬿ħʹãǾǴ֮ˡ
ЩƷħʯȫЩдãʣµıͬħϵֽ䣬һԵ͸Ľܷѩ
ĽܷѩҲûʮָɴİѶһʲô
ҾպħռУȿһħϵļ䣬ܲܵõһЩħ֮Ĺ鱨ҾǱͻ˫ӵͬʱһڣʦأ
ôĽܷѩ΢΢һâҴȥ֯ݺɳǣ
Ľܷѩ˵նںɳǵĳĳ϶ѾɱɳǼһճǡ
֮УдĲƸǹĺûᡣ
ãʦ㲻ҪںɳǾںɳѾ˿ճǣħ񼶶ħӦҸϹȥҲҪ̫ʱ䣬ҽʦֻһ˵ľӢСӣȫѡ֣һˣΣСݺɳǵսĽܷѩѾ㹻ҪҲûʱμӣԨĿ꣬ħ֮Ĺ
ţҲд⡣Ľܷѩ˵䣬ûκͣһ˺ռ䣬һʧȻҪݺɳǣôսȻܵˡ
պϿշֱֱӳպ
պޱȣɲ⣬һŴǳûУᱻû
һֱѰһɽɽϿ֮С
Ѱһ֮أһʯڷ󷨡
һȡħУٿһ£ħռ䡣

ָ磡
ħռ֮ĵһʱ䣬ӭСΪղžĹ࣬ɺ˵ġ
СԴ˳ɱͷ񼶶ħû
ڵĺѾԽԽǿɣǰħڲϵʱ򣬺ʵǾޱǿˣټܲٿħܷӳսֻΪĴսܵشʧȥ˼䣬ڵ
뿪ħɳҲͣˣȻҲܻظ
ϿСҲƵ
ʵϣСȺңԭʱ򣬻˲СȴȫȫĽ˷˵ˮ׼Ϊʱû㹻̳ԣȫɥʧˡ
뵽ССȥأ


2103 ߵ
ħռ֮Уûмų˫ӵǽħϱħеٻ˹
֪Ҫʲô̽ԼľֽħеľӡһһĨȥˡ
Ķһļ䣬ףҪҵģҲֻйħ֮Ĺļѡ
ܿ죬õԼҪϢ
ħ֮Ĺȷڲ֮Ҫˡ
ǺڰԨһ¡
ɳߵȼħμⳡ
ӮˣɾͼڼħĻԵ
ˣܷܿǣٲ
ȻںڰԨĴ˵УֻƾԵõħ֮ԨħİͨħĿ顣
Ȼʵϣħ֮ʵ̫ˣħϵļ֮Уοħ֮ĹڰԨֻ֮顣
Ҫħ֮ĹȴûҪģֻҪڰԨ֧Ϲ֣ܽħ֮Ĺȫ
ǸʱֻҪԨӵһɳߵȶħħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮Ĺֻжħ䣬һ֮أУĪĺô
кôڶ֮ܵУҽеģײɱƵԨħǾͲܱһ¡ɱԽ
ǣħ֮ĹעһѪȷ磡
ôַԨħԴ˲ûֹ˼Ĭɱ
ʤ̭棡
ںڰԨһԵģʵϵ磡
ħ֮Ĺô֮УջɾǳΪͼڼħĻԵһȣǸ΢ˡ
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ħ֮ĹУȻ֮
ǡǡ֮ǲصģħ֮ĹУܻᱻ˷֡
õ֮ˣΪʸ֮ģƺûԸһʼõ֮飬ȻʵˣΪõ֮˻õΪ֮ΣգһԵ
ħ֮ĹյĴСԵĴСӦħ֮ĹеĹ
ݣզ࣬ħ֮Ĺ̫ײУԣǰκؾ֮ȣԶ
һΪϣǿԽǿĲпؾ
νġߡȴϣƼڰԨ󳬼ĸߵȶħ
һǿ߲ɱ¾ʢ磡
ħϵһμȫ꣬һ۾֮У˸˷ܵĹâоԼսѪķ
ߵԨħɱ֮õ飡
ڴ֮ǰҪģǿ˫ӵҳͻڡ
Ƚ˶ħݣָĬĬĴϢԼҪõвϣһһǰ
ʣΪһ壬֮ħռƺ޹ʮ취򣬺͸
һʱ䣬ڵգããǿա
Χǳ򷨳ѳǧĴ
ëɢ⣬ÿһƹεж̾ᣬйϾġ
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Ȼ䣬üĴĿȻѿ˻ͻƵĹâ
â֮аǧɣĵƣÿһƷ·ǽʯǶ棬ɢµΰεĴ̽ǺӵȻ˺ѿ
޾յǺתſ˶ޱȵǳԻ˶
һǳǻʮأƺһӣϵķڳԣɢɵǹ⡣
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δ˫ӵڤڤĵͼ֣γβɴݵ
ͼɢʵĻԹ⣬˫ӵϷ
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ֻڣԣѾʲôˡ
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صͼܵͬ޴ûıһֱӱ飬ǿ貵ǳֱץ㵽С
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һ죬޾оڷ·һһĹĵ
ʲôҪƼһ

һһǻԴʼܡ֯
ˣ䴦һɱԪͬЩǻԽڡ
࣬޾۳һµӰ
ӰϣԸо޼䣬Ѫ⽻ڰо
ⶫ˫ӵԪΪ˫ӵطΪ塣
ֻӰͬһµӣģ֮أ
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ǹɵӰս˫ȭԼڵĶħ֮ת£һ̣ԭӢϣ·һɫ䶯
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ˣ˫֡˫ţÿһѪﶼкڳЩǸֲڵĶħ֮
ÿһɶħ֮𣬾жӲ˺Ѫ⣬оʹġ
ħ֮ڵʱΪƵĻĻ꣬ܿƣ˿̱ǿгħ֮ͿʼŰˡ
鱦Ҫ͵壬ҲӿĶħ֮ʴ²ϱ
ˣ˿˿ƵĶħ֮ɱȡעǹӰ档
ԭһƱǻӰΣ˿ӴĶħ֮ӰʱԲ˿˿ƵĹѪӰʼѪħ

һ죬Ӱնͫȼܵĺɫ


2104 µ
˫ӵȼɫһɲǣü֮һ֮⡣
֮⣬ıԴ
˫ӵķǽԼһΪȴûзָڱ꺣еģڷеģһ֣Ҳ˵˸ֻһֻǶһˡ
ʧôʧı㲻ǱԴѪмڷϵ൱һ꣬һʵ󽵣ʶܵԻָˣܲ飡
ʱĻ꺣֮У޴ĻĻУǧļĻѾȥ˶ʶıԴѾĻӡӡڻĻ֮УھûĻҲΪá
ָ
оâһڻĻϿգƾճһ֮
֮һն£·䣡

ĻֱӱһһΪ
һ̣ɫҲ΢΢԰ףֿĻĻ꣬Ҳע뵽˶ħ֮С
ڻĻħ˲䣬ͻȻһΣɫѿ
֮ոյĶħӰͻȻϵѪͬһ¡Եޱ

Ѫܱ飬ħŤڶħ֮⼤Ҫը
˫ӵһ̣ΣĻ꣬ͬʱԼԴ˲䣬ͻȻѪȣҪ鿪
ħۣʵ̼ΪѣΪҪǳӴ󣬹⿿ǳ֮ڵĶħ֮㹻
ҧأƽ졣
ݣ
һöӨ͸ƿ·Ľᾧģħϵᾧ
ᾧһ֣·Ƶš
˵ֱӽöᾧĽ˶ħüģ
ħʯǳʯˮһ㣬ûͷ­
񼶶ħĹУ˴󲿷֣µģǾеľ
ֱӱħˣ
һ̣ܵ˶ħ֮дɱ⣬ɱⲢ꣬屾Ƕħ屾ܵĳ嶯
ħᾧɱ֮лܽ⣬ħڳܺ棬ؼһй߶ɣѪ̻ۡ
һ񼶶ħȫעڷ뾭ʱܵԼķڱǡ
ԼķϸŷÿһѪּըϲǳ
˫ӵ̶ܹܴʵԭ򣬾Ϊֻ߱𲻶һЩѪ۳ĳΣžǳ֮ȫʹ÷ﵽ¡
ħ֮ԽԽ࣬ĶħȼյĻ֮С
ûֹͣǼһУһĺɫ屻ֱ飬Щɫ壬Ǵ񼶶ħָѹļƷħʯʱе뱬飬һɺħ۶ȥ
һ־޴УĶħеģ̰ȡе
ǣ
΢һһŵļƷɫ壬˰ɫĩʧ
Ķħ忪ʼͣȫ¡𣬱һɵľˡ
һѪܣڶħѣΪ޴ħȫǽڣǵı죬ƺԳˡ
ѾȫԡѪĶħȫעһ̣оħҲƿ̵ħĹѪ֮С
ЩħħµĶħʯ·ĶħԼɵ
ЩԽԽǽڶħγƯħơ
ʱ򣬶ħѾѹˣ֣ʮѪ
ЩѪ֮飬̺ľѪ֮ûΪһצѪ˶ħĿС
ѪǳɱħǶԨħԶǴ֮Ԩħľ磬ڣȫ
ɱħ˵ıõˡ
ѪڣɹһĶħѪϴŶħ
һʱ䣬ڶħë֮УʼɢһɹɵĺĹѪͬ͸ĺһ㡣
Ĺ̲֪˶ãһֱеļƷħʯȫɷĩѪҲȫħˡ
ʱ֮Уٶȸֳҫŵľſǳ
ſǳ֮Уĵ߿ǳ°ɫĹԣ˶ħ
ǹϴ񣬴ʱ˫ӵѾȫħҲѾͣ
ħϿȥԪ̬Щƣɣ˫һ޴ĺɫУһ׳β͡
ȫǼӲ鱦ĹǼףԻԪ𣬶ħĹǼ˸ħƣЩħƹӡȻʮֵƯģ̺ķ
߷һղۣıҲΪҪƿһУ͸֧ٲˣĶͷϣѾǺˮ
֮תеĺˮɣһ𻯳һ⣬û˷塣
ڶħڣ磬ƣʱƬ֮У϶Ϊһ
˺һ״̬һսͿͨ紫ݸӳǿս
Ҳܽ뱾֮УﵽͬЧ

ħ˫Ŀ֮Уŷĺ⣬彥СһֱСֻһɶߡ
Լ˫֣սȭͷ
ǡ
ǽ죬оһ̣ڵδǿھħ񼶶ħԼǰħĽܷѩİֻԼһˣܽԷɱ
ǵߴһ


2105 
Ȼ˵ڰԨʮ˲㣬Ȼʵϣʮ˲ȴ̤㣬ǺڰԨĽء
ͨ£ҲֻһЩŵļ䣬һЩģ󷨡ʽŻѡԨʮ˲нС
һЩ񼶶ħʱҲԨʮ˲Ǳ޺ͻơ
Ԩʮ˲㣬㼸Ƿյˡ
ħ֮ĹλԨʮ˲㣬񣬾ħ֮ĹԽԽˡ
ʱ˿̣Ԩʮ˲һ㣬ҲԨܲڵԨʮ߲㣬ѾʼΪħ֮Ĺܹĵ׼ˡ
ڰԨһֻ֮飬ʵ̫ˡ
ںڰԨֻͼڼħȥŻµļ֮鵮οеļ֮黹ʧˡ
ħ֮ĹеĸߵȶħǳĶ࣬ǵдΪԵȥģм֮ǰô᲻ġ
һ֮ƱػἤѪȷ磬ǣӵм֮ţͿʼˡ
ɺͬڲ᲻ΪĴڶﷴʱÿǵ飬Ϊйͬ˵£ͬ˵ǹͬĵˣŻῼͬڲᡣ
ڤܹ֯һͬ˵ĴԭΪںڰԨ֮Уڤͼڼǿ֮һͼڼԨħڤ
ڤлƿһ֮飡
ӵм֮ԨħȻΪʸ֮ģû㹻ĻȻƿֵɽһħ֮Ĺʱ򣬼֮飬ڵµĴУһὫ֮ίɸʵǿͬʱǱĸߵȶħ
Ҫڤкܶ࣬ͼڼ
ͬͼڼ˴֮ǳΪеͼڼħѾʧˣеĻڡ
ʵϸ˵ֻӵͼڼħܱΪͼڼ
ûͼڼħֻαͼڼ
ڣһ֧αͼڼ
ԭڵ棬ˣļ֮鶼ʧˣһڲɱûˡ
ʮǰڻֹܳĶħһΣ۷ʱʵҲﵽͼڼΣȻվǰ⼸ܳħʬ֮󣬹ڣٴûȥƺѾ
һûĸڹڲֳ˴ССüÿһһϰѿء
Щ˴˼䲢ڷֱĻᱻ̲ǿѾԶˡ
ڵĹڣһͬˣǲôĵͬˣʱپõĻĻҲδء
һ죬ڲħ֮Ĺ顣
ڵ񼶶ħϣ´֮УڣȻƮҡάͼڼͷҲǿһ񼶶ħϳˡ
Ⱥ˵ĻǹڻܲܵµĶħǾδˣǲǹΣյʱ
ڹħ֮ĹǷڤ̶Ϊ٣η䡣
Ҳֻħ֮ĹĴϣϣܷ³ɼŻġ
ʱһħ´Ҵҵ˵λϣڴϢ˵һħҪ볤ϻᣬΪΪǵĳ֮һҪͨǹõһħ֮Ĺ
µ೤ϢסˣǴʱϵıʮ־ʣȫû뵽˻飬ᱻʱ
ڻǳϻ飬ûҪ飬ǲŵġ
ûЩϺǳ⣬Ǹħӱµ˵ڻϢ˵ħƺƺǣʧѾõġ֮顯
Ԩħ֮ǶӦͼڼħ֮飬֮飬а֮ȵȡ
˵ʲô
֣֮ڴ֮ежħ϶ɫĪЩħֱվ
ĶϢʵô
֮飬Ѿʧ̫ãû֪һħУܲԾ
ǹڵ֮飬٣
Ϊڹ˥䣬ҲΪ֮ʧ٣ڽʧ٣ڽ̾˶
ھڷڵŴǸħƺҲλ𼶵ʵκβ֮ûóҲ֪ϢǷʵ
ħĻ˴˶һۣ׷
ĸڣھȥ
һλ𼶵ĶħԹڶԸ㲻ʲô֮飬ǾͲͬˡ
֮飬ڣûĸħаֲ
֮ˣͬĴˡ
ǣһȷ֮Ĵڣδ

ھڱԶһ֮УȫԨħվڷڴʱǵʱѾȥꡣ
ʱ䣬Ѿȫǵľ磬Ȼڣȴôһ˿δͻơ
ڼ䣬ĽܷѩҲɹϮ˺ɳǣһ֮ԶݣûκֻɱһЩߵȶħҾħںɳеĴƸ
֮һϢˡ
ĽܷѩʿɶֹΪ֪ɳϮ¼ħĵߡ
ħɳ߰˸ϣԨʮе̺ʽôܻὫǹҳġ
Ǹʱ򣬾ǵĩˣõİ취Ϣħ֮ĹħϾ˼ʱǲٴγһ
ڴⲽĬĬĿڴ֮еĵܣ̵ܵģһĶħ
ԨħħΪǵΪԼħ
ڸߵԨ֮Уħһ֣õԴķдɣʹϵ֮⡣
񣬾ĵȴţȴŹ೤ϵĽ١


2106 
֮У󣬼ڵĳ϶ħСΨˡ
ֲĶ֣һӵ֮飬֮飬˵ĴˣΪҲǵΪ֮ϡ
˵ЩڳҲĬѾϢ㱨ȥˣܿڵϾͻʱȻҪó֮
Ԩ֮ǾļֵҪħ֮ĹͨؿܷӳָʶԾߵȼħԣһ治°ó
ʱͻȻһ˴֮⡣
һ̣омǿϢڷٿ
ˣ
ڴļ𼶶ħʱһϲֻҪϼħ֣ôͲǹˡ
˵ʵû֮飬ϷŪǵĻԼˡ
дǰ;ħҲô޴顣
ݣ
ƿ֮𣬰˸һͬڷڴĹ㳡һʱ䣬һѹ֮٣
˸ϣʽƵĺɫۣ֮ϣŷӵǳͺɫա
˸ѹȻʮֲֿ΢΢۾˸ħ
Ǵλ񣬵Ϊ׵һߣȴһָĪĸоԷܿλ
㣿
Ϊ׵ߴ̤һ˫ɫ۾˵
˵䣬ѹҲ֮кϣûȷǷӵ֮ǰֻĿһûöʵ
ѹȻǲоʲôģ⵹ħϸ߿һۣζʵʵҪֳΪߡ
ҲûʲôֵģϾӵѪͳٲˡ
һ˵óɣ
ߣаŶԷʵһֻֽһĨһɫĹ飬˴֮С
һ֣ΧĶħ򣬷֮ǧħкС
еϣһ۾
֮飡

ȻⱾʧٲ֪꣬ǿ֮һ˲䣬̺ķ򣬻ЯŵϢеϿ϶֮飬Ĳ棡
һʱ䣬ЩϾˣʱҲˣһ֮飬۾⡣
̸̸ɣ
λ߿żɽ˵
Ȼֻλ𣬶ǰ˸񣬶˻ͨɱ˵һֻҲˡ
ǣȴҽô
Ϊõ֮ˣͬĴˡͼڼĴͳҲԡ
ԣҪ֮Ϊ֮飬ɵĶˡ
ڣ֮һСϣҲˡ
Ǵ֮飬ǾԲеģ¿Աܣ˶֪Ҳô
棬ŵΣҪΪ֮飬١仰һأͼڼħԣпܹŵˡ
֮ǰƺ˵ҪΪڳϻһԱңҪͨǹõһħ֮Ĺ
һ߿ڹڳϻ֮УߵʵΪ׵λӦΪ񶥷塣
ʵղŹڵĳǾ۹ˣҪΪϻԱҲǲɡ
ԣΪϻԱҪΪλ𼶣ԶҹؼҲǹڳ
ΪϻԱǵȻӦǽһϻܹ֮飬Ǿֵ̫ˡ
ңͬǳϻԱȨҲдСܿһ˾Ҳʲô¡
˵ͨõһħ֮Ĺͬħ֮ĹȻ󣬿ǹҲŪһЩʱǾ͹ܲˡ
˵ʵʵ˸ãһ˰ˣʡˡ
˵ҶԳΪǹڵĳϣҲû̫Ȥֻ˵Ϊϣܹһ浱ս֮µĶħͶħᾧ
⣬ͨǹڽħ֮ĹһҪõϸģйħ֮ĹĵͼЩӦûаɡ
˵ϸǴħȥĶħõϢ
ħ֮Ĺ֮ڵΡ󷨼Ϊӣÿν붼ᷢ仯
ҪõĻԵٲ˵ͼĸ
ͼڼţȴͨʱħ֮Ĺڵκ󷨱仯Ĺɡ
ÿħ֮ĹǶЩɣƳһͼĺ١
Ҫͨڽħ֮ĹһΪ˽ڶΪ˵ͼҪԭ
Ҫǣ֮ڽħ֮Ĺʱûа취صġ
Լαװһĵӣħ֮ĹĶ֮Уħ֮Ĺһ̣ԼͻȻ֮ķӦӴˡ
һͨӣõ֮飬ͼħ֮Ĺ±Ȼ粨ڻûħ֮ĹʱͱΧҲ˵
ͨڣĽħ֮Ĺ
ҪΪ׵Ĵɫղһ䡰ҶԳΪǹڵĳϣҲû̫ȤĻʮֲˬ
Ҫ֪ڹȻû࣬Ҳ˾ͼڼ֮һһԨûа취ǹڱȼ硣
ǹڣʱչ𼶵ĳϣ
ҲҪ֤·֤ԷǾϲ֮Ż볤ϻᡣ
һλ𣬾˵ԳΪûȤȤֻǹڵĴзȻЩڳ˺ˬˡ
Ը죬ܲ٣Լ飬ħ֮ĹҲԸ㣬Ƚ֮齻ɣϵЩ䡣
Ȼ仰ûн֮飬ֱ硭


2107 Э
ʲô˼
֮飬ڼλϵϢȻ
ƺû˵Ҫ֮齻ڰɣ̹Ȼ˵֮飬лԵߵ֮ƺںڰԨҲĴ˵õ֮ԨħиĻᣬͨħĿ顣
仰ʱô۾ãĵ˵Ѳ㡭֮飬ħ֮Ĺ

ڳϻԱĶУʱǵɫȫ
֮飬ò׻ص˹ڣôܱһСߣħ֮ĹУλΪħ֮ĹӴ򹷣һȥأͼ֮ô
ԭΪ֮ڽʲôΪͼڼĴͳֻҪ̫֣ǶܴӦ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ⣡
ʵڳ˸ڳϣϵ˼ǣõ֮󣬾Ľ֮ħ֮Ĺܳһʱ䣬⹫֮ѾصڵϢ
Ϊǵ˽֮ħ֮ĹҪõмĸʣҲСĿ
ܿܵĽǣ֮鱻˶ߣǻҪ˴
֮´ħ֮ĹʱôҲܹ֮õõá
ǣĳϣȴô룬Ȼǳ񣬵ʤᣬǱȽϴΪԼʵϣͨħĿ飡
´ħ֮Ĺ̫ˣǸʱǾˣûǱͨħĸΪ㡣
Ҳ˵ʵֻһΡ
Ϊͼڼħջʵ̫Եֿʱ᳤ϣ۾˸Ųױâ
˵ʲôͻȻȵŭˣǹڣҪͼҪ˳һµķͶħᾧ
ҪеģȻ֮ħ֮ĹκζȴҪֺôĺ¡
ȻԴϱĻȴŲæݵ˵¸òΪһһͼͿԻⱾ֮ɣڸʱ䣬µķͶħᾧҲº˼˵ˣ֪ħڹڸϻԱʱ򣬶꣬ʮ꣬Ϊλģ
֮ļֵλӦñףǵ֮ƺдţ˵ڻĲ룬ѾҲǸڰԨʧ֮йأ
ڹ˵飬ǴħϼеõϢ
еʵʷȴĵ
ΪͼڼĴڣĸԨħһĴԼųģˡ
ͼڼħӦһͼڼħӦһͼڼһ࣬һ١
ȻеͼڼѾû쵼ǵͼڼħ˵˥ˣǵļ֮ڡ
֮ڣͺбԸǡ
Ϊ˭Ҳ׼һ죬ܳĳ츳µĸߵȶħʹⱾ֮飬ͨ˺ڰ䣬Ϊµͼڼħ
һԭ˥ͼڼƱذµͼڼħΪ
Ļӵͳ֮£ͼڼܷܿǵᱻַţ
ˣ㲻ԸⵣķգȥһʵҲҵ̼Ȼ
ǣھͲͬˡ
ûм֮飬֮黹Ԩֹһʱ䣬Ȼʧˣһʧ˼ʮ꣡
ʱƣģԽԽо֮ӦҲˡ
ôڣҲ̫ӵͳǵԨħˡ
ȻͼڼħֻʣôƾʲôͼڼħҪأ
Щڲ֪˶ٲƸؼѪƷħʯ
л浱µĽᾧᱻ죡
ڻᱬڲìܣɣҲΪ£Ļ̻̣ÿ񼶳ϣһıһЩ̲ˣôǻŸĹͷһɽͷһС
ô˵֮³֣ԹڶԣǴ¡
˶Ҳˣ
ΪϢܻɢȥģȻⱾڹڱǾٺòˣ
ֱ˵˹ڵʹڳ϶ЩĶ¡
Ȼǲòϣ˵Ķʵ
֮ļֵȼ۽Ļ¶ԽµķͶħᾧֱӻˣ
û˵ֻǶĿ⣬Ϭ絶ƺҪ̴գʵԨħĿⶢһۣᱻ̴꣡
ȴ̹Ȼ϶ӣһ˵ħ֮ĹУҴ֮鱻˶ߣҲὫϢɢȥǹڵĺôԶԶֹҪЩο֮飬٣ӵֱӺڵȨǸòͼڼĴͳɣ
Ѿ֮磬ɱ͵ò֮顣
ɱȴҲûĸϸ顣
촽΢΢ǣͻȻЦЦ˵Ȼˣ֮Ժ̸УȻڣ
Ŷ
ͻȻתڷ磬΢΢һ㵣ʵת̬ǲֻ֣û뵽תôͻȻѡ
ڳϣϵĻҲһ£˴ôͬˣ
ȻأϿ⼸ڳһۣһ䷴ʣһʱ䲻֪ôش
Ȼȥ˵˵ţ
۾ŴʧʵӰģ֮⻤ڣҲòЩϼһﰵʹӡ
ԸȥڣȿһµķͶħᾧ
Щдá
ֳ֮飬ҪܵȻĶħ䣬ǰöħһķ²ó͸Լкô
ȵķ͸ˣԼ뿪ܲʲôҸطһ㣬һֱȵħ֮ĹڰȫһЩ
Ȼû뵽ǣ벻ʱ䣬벻ı仯


2108 
೤ܲһʱ䣬ϻͻȻһϵϢڼ̵ʱڣʹ˹ڡ
Ƕޱȵĺ棬ĳǺηʥ
ȻǺ֪ܿĳϾȻ񼶶ħλѡ
һʱ䣬һƬȻ
Ҫ֪ڹڣϵݿ˲ãӵֱ֧ڲƸȨĶڵκιؼµĶħ򣬲ᾧ
ȨȻۺ죡
ڲµķ棬ôӣҪлķǲܵģչڵŹ棬ֻȡ˴ͣõ㹻Ź׵㣬ܶһ֮ʱ䡣
ǳϣȴƣ㹱ףҲʱ
ܶڵи߲ζΪһϡ
ǳΪֻһǾǡΪ񼶶ħ
𼶶ħ񼶶ħ֮Ĳʵ̫󣬶𼶶ħԣһɿԽĺ蹵עǳɾͳϵԸֻԸѡ
ڣȻһλ𼶵ĶħĪĳΪ˳ϣҪȥǲ֮ʱ䣬ܷ
һʱ䣬£ܶӲ
ΪڵĳϻᲢûй֮ѾҵϢЩӣ֪ΪʲôܳΪϡ
ڵĵڶգйڵ𼶶ħҪս
ʮ壬ԨħϲֱӣĽʽһʵΪ磬ǿߵģҪԼʵȥı䡣
ԭڹڣ𼶶ħսϣǳֻλ𼶶ħǾͲһˡ
ʵǿΪߣƾʲôǳϣȴǣ
Ǿ𼶶ħ뷨м𼶶ħѾ޵𣬶ǶħеٮٮߣڹеĵλڳϻԱ
ǾӪ꣬Ҳ쳤֮λڳһͷϣȻˬˡЩ˵ܴǵƶ£ﲻԽԽࡣ
ڣһЩ𼶵Ԩħλ𼶶ħλ𼶶ħҪս̫Ѿֵϻˡ
ЩϻûܣѹûаǵһЩ˻ֻĸо
λݳΪϣȻҪ鷳ľˡ
룬պڹߣþһЩߵȶħĵˡ
ϵţʵ鿴ڲ伮⣬ûκźʵȨ
ȻѹûڹߣЩսʲôģֱӶڽڲ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˱չأµķᾧ
úܶ𼶶ħΪǵˡ
Ȼıչصأȴû취ȥһʱֵ÷з
Σڵļϣµ֮Թۡ
ϣ֮飬㵽ôģѵСӴħ֮Ĺ
ڹڸ߲һϿʵ
ڹУеĳϣзţԡ桱ͷϣǹڵĴϡ
ûͼڼĴͳͼڼͼڼħ
ˣԹڵѾ̫ˡ
ھųϻ񼶣㲻֮飬ħ֮Ĺļʶٴ֮Ļ
һ˵˵ĵھųϣȻָˡ
볤ϻᣬھţҲһŶûУϻ֪ʲôҲʡ
ǳƺǵھųϡ
һλ𼶶ħż֮ħ֮Ĺ£ֻҪ֪ԨħΪɡ
г˵Ǻò׵õ֮飬ܾôʧȥ
֮ǹڶԣѹ˵Ķħ֮Ĺ˶ߺȥܴУôò
೤ϵۣϳĬԡ
ϣ㵽ôģʱҲϿ˵ھųϵгʵ
΢΢ڵûھųҪЯ֮ħ֮ĹĿʲô
ϵĻ˵΢΢һ٣ʵҲû׾ûȥˡ
ϼھųӦ֪Լʵػס֮飬пԴ֮Ӧû˭̶ֳȣӦ޴ˣھųϣ޴ԣȻĿġ
˵꣬һϽӹʲôĿģ˵Ǻ¡
ȷھųϲǹڳΪǹʲôӦֻǵıӻܹ˳õҰȫħ֮ĹõԼˣԣҲóѡ
˹˵ɫ۾У˸˿˿â
϶ħ˵ĸоһݷߣӣԼ
ҪǸɴɱ֪µĵӣǸˣ֮飬Աܣɱ֮飬򵥲
һһЩĳϿ˵ĳϷ⣬ڰ˸еڰˣСǱ
ԼҰģԼ֮ħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮ĹĿûʲôڹɣʱǧܿһΣʱʮ궼
ɲ֤ԼΣл֮ħ֮Ĺ
ϵĿһۣ۹ζζ
΢΢һͣû˵ˡ
ϵ֮ͼڼħˣⲢǴţģǲܶھųϣȥɱȥɱʡǲֱӶȴһЩڵȥħ֮Ĺ
İԼʯεαʵûֻبʯαͬ绯һ㣬ɺɫĳʧˡ


2109 
ڹҿռС
ռһС磬ǿĶħϢЩǹǿǿչʱµġ
˿̣ǰһſķʯһϵħ̾Χת
µĶħʯһţš
ӦʯħÿһѪƤĤ·Ϣ䶯
ʯɢķǱ˿ǣ׷ױĶħһɡ
ʯȻҲ˳
һ̫෨
һʼ򵥵⾳ʱշ򣬵֮һֱչʮ취
ķ֣Լǰķʵʮ취ķ֧
ʮ취ԷΪ֣һ淨һ淨
磬űԹᵽ淨һ࣬Ϊ淨һࡣ
ڻű͵˴ɾ磬Ϳ淨淨ϵļºܸ٣ҲӽԴġ顷͡ʥ䡷
Ȼ֪ʮȻ󣬿ΨһԨֲͬˡ
ںڰԨͼڼħķ֮ǰ·˹ںڰԨƲȷģôħʵһķˡ
վԽߣĶԽࡣ
ԽԽļʶȴΪʵ۷ʵĻ
ĸеһ͸еô죬磬һУǴžν۷ˡ
ʱšħһ̲ͣĸӦʯķҲԽԽ̡
ͬʱӦĹУҲ
֪˶ãħƤĤѪʼһطġ
Щģ·ǳǶϣһɹĶħΧ
ɷӶħһ֣ҿռﵴħϢȻɪɪԾıܿǶħԵʮηӡ
ʱͻȻǰľʯһ£һԺ
΢΢üαչصʱһֱĬĬļʱţ֪ħ֮Ĺʱ仹а꣬ԭģҪչһСʱ䡣
ڣϻȴҪȥ
ϨĴʯվƿҵĴţӰһ˳ϵ´
ʱڴ֮Уڰ˴϶Ѿˡ
ΧһŹӵľΧЩ¡
ʲô£
ʵ
Ϊ׵۾ۼĴһĸܵӿ̶ʱһαչأƺкܴĲͬ
Ҫȥڤˡϵ˵
ţô죿һ֮ǰħȥõϢȫħ֮ĹҪ꣬ڹȥƺ̫˵㡣
ϼǹڽڤټϵ֧ĹǵˣڤΪףǺ;Ĺһ̶ڤָӵǲ
Ĺ
Ĺ֣Ҳͼڼ֮һΪ׵ԨħΪġѾˡ
ƺڰǰǳսбشŴˡ
ΪˣĹҲôǿֻǱȹǿ޵һˣνħ֮ĹǶҪʵǿڤΪױʵȥȻҲҪó档
ϼȻڤʵǿעõĺôǾҪʵԱȣҲǣָߵ͡
ŶһǰȥڤΪиʱ䣬һĸˡ
ǣǡĹڤţֱҪħ֮ĹĵУѡǿļˣǺ;ĹҪѡˣڤҪѡ
һʮˣǸĹˣԸڤˡǵ˷սսڤ˵еһ֣ظսʱ򣬸Ǻ;Ĺսʤĳζ٣Ǿֳɱ
һ˵Щ죬ڰԨȻһʵϵ磬̸֮ͬУҲԸǿΪݡ
ӹĹ͹ڵʵڤʵ̫ˣ򲻹˼һ
ڤ˹ں;ĹսȨսһˣظսҲ˵ڤɳˣмǿģУûһߣ
ԺЩڤͼڶħڤһ˿䱸֮ģԼڤȻӲġ
ʵԿĹУڤô
ʵ
Цһ˵ʮ궼ûгֹˣͼڼ˽Ĳࡣ
ԴϵĻĬˣʱȻõǸħ᳤ϵļ䣬ǲһ㲻©ģȫĶ꣬Ҫ̫ʱ䣬ֻؿйħ֮ĹϢѡ
ʱ򣬴ƮƮ˵һ䣬ҲòμӵģǹֻѡȥսҲֲġ
˵䣬ͼ֮УһЩĳһ˿ммʵ顣
ȻϾδڲμսˡ
ڹڰ˸ᣬǱҲǽħ֮ĹĽܵĳѡˡ
ʱϵĲмԵ΢Ϊ
ڼʣȻΪߴ˵õ֮飬Դ˳Ϊ˹ڳϣƽв
û˵ϵı飬Ҳûʲôоڷֶ٣ϵҲ
ͷ᳤϶ԼƣǴŶԼԳ֮ħ֮Ĺ
ʱ򣬴˵ͻȻһתȻȥսǻҪġ
ǹڳ֮Ϣɶû֪ǹ֮Ϣ󣬻ʲô
ģҲûеش𣬾ԹԵ˵ںڰԨʵΪ𣬶ħ֮Ĺ֮أҲ˵˭֪У֮ϢҪȥ
ʱڤ϶ҪȻǲȡķʽǣóһ棬ǡȡ֮飡
˵Цһ˵ȡǺģʵǿǿǣȴѾܾǣ֮ԭǵģɾܾˣΪûʵȻûеħ֮Ĺ󲿷ǵУ
ӲŲǻв˳ˣżǣֻܽħ֮Ĺʱǳ֮ˣ˷ȴȫǵˣǾͻϵ⣬ôܱס֮飡
˹˵ţоݣȻˡ
ȻأüëһϣĸеϽҪ˵ģνԼĿġ


2110 ڤʥŮ
Ͽ˵Ҫ֮볡ͱȡڤϿɣǱס֮Ϣڤȡ㹻ĵλͻȨ֮󣬲ڸһ۽£ſ֮ܳħ֮ĹҲ㻹ܻһ㡣
ϵĻдỵ̂Ȼ⣬һЦʵôȡ㹻ĵλͻȨʵô
ʵݣǹڵĳݣڤԣʵûʲôġ
ܶһݣõڤϿɵĻǾͲһˣͼڼУһֱһأĹ󣬾Ǹŵ᳤ϣֻϯӣʥħŮ

˴ϵĻʱоȫëˡ
ʵһоЦõĴҲ˵ѾˣûСҲʵڲܴһֵԨħΪԼӵĸоǻ棬ֱֱӡ
Ȼ˵Ԩħ֮УҲħȽӽ壬۵壬ħһڴ£츳һ㣬ʲôһħҲ̫ܳΪڤʥħŮˡ
ħ֮⣬ŮԨħֱҲ̶á
˼ǣȥڤ
ǿеĹУɫ̫ÿ˵
ʲôôͼڼУΪӪǹڡڤ;ĹһģһжԣȻһӪģȻҪһЩάϵϵֶΣǺܳõİ취
ȻʥħŮ᳤ϡϯӣǵĵλܸߣҲҪ˫ͬУ֮ǰĹв᳤ϣҪڤʥħŮȻȴܾˣڤʥħŮǾ÷ˣһҪҪͬʤӦ㲻ˡ
Ȼϧȷʵ츳ܸߣܶսԨħȻҲ֮ȴʼղһδʤĹǱľ֮ӣҲһϧˡ룬Ȼֳ֮飬Ϊħ֮Ĺʵй֮ɣҲȷʵ֣Щط򵥣֮ǰ񼶶ħ̽㣬αչز֮֮ı仯ҿĲ
ϵĻʥħŮǸֻˣôʵ޷ܸһħһŮ
ϵʼղֵڤһʥħŮҲΪΪӮҹڶһ£ΪһʥħŮڽΪ
ϵĻ˵ĸоȷʵϣʤܸڴԵ
ȻȻȤǷȱ
ЦƺʥħŮܵƣΪûмžͻıˣȷʵһħŮ
ڵĴϸۣ΢΢⣬ܹɾλȻй֮õۣɲһˡ
ʵ㲻ܽҲûʲôҪֻһĹϵѣҲʥħŮҲδĽӴ˫ޣһصħŮ˪Ը⣬ҲܷģֻһֶѣοֶͨΣҪ֮ħ֮ĹҲûʲôԡ
ζ˵ĸеϣƺһֱڴٳԼӦ£棬°һЩ顭
Ŵϣûлش𣬲ţ˵ЩûģǾǣͨһЩֶΣҪֳ֮ħ֮Ĺȷʵ̫ܡ
˼ʱ򣬴ͻȻһ֣ķɳһ⡣
ֽץУһᡣ
ɣĻ񣡡
Ŵϻ䣬⸱񡰻һԶչˣһŮӵȫ񣬴ӻϸն
ѾǻˣһŮӵȫͶӰ˱޶¡
Ůӣסˡ
ͶӰϵŮӲԭԨħħΪûβͣҲûͷǡ
Ȼǡʮǻ
ˮĺɫȹǾµĺɫףճͦģ˫֮£жദοգǵ¶ϸļ
һĶͷڵĵطһۼӡǡ
Щ꣬þö
ŮӣģòͷϵĻӡǣʥ޶£ôܣ
ȻڽڰԨʱһ߾ӨĹǰǰʥǰŮ
Ѿое벻ͨˣ֪ڵʮʥŮʲôϵ
ôʵӲҪǣǿһЩͣҲ˵ͨ
ڣȻںڰԨʮ߲㣬ٴοʥȻڤʥħŮֱ߸Ԩĸˡ
⵽ʲô
ϸʥüĵľŶ仨꣬ʥǰŮһģһʥüģûлꡣ
һʵ˵ʲôҲʥתת޳֮󣬲ŻԻأ
޷ȷϣڤʥʥǲһˡ
ǵĻ벻ͨһôͬʱΪڤʥħŮȫûɡ
ǣǿһͣǾʥʮ취򣬶ħԨʥħǷһֿܣǰǰǸŮӣתڵʥأ
ȥͣȻȴֱܵľãƺԣΪֽںܶطǣǿ磬̫ʥôתԨħ
ʥӰЩ
ִͣȻ˹ڼϵС
һĶħϣһ˿м֮ɫҪħ֮Ĺ᳤еһ
ΪȻɵһҪħ֮ĹʵҲе㱾£û뵽ղŻڤʥħŮ֮ԱǣתۼóͿɵˣûƯһħŮô
ϲмĴʵԨħ֣ǲܽ׳ŮԨħҲ̫ܽħһģƯŮ
ʥȻںߡ
ɵҲûãˣǴϸһڤʮ겻˶֪ͼڼħû˽⣬ȻҲ֪ڤʥħŮɽ䣬ϵǳ߰ͬȼʵʤܵõںõһӣЩҪõĸߵȶħġ
û˭ͬʤҡ֪򣬻ҪȾָ˫޵ĸߵȶħˣЩ㱻ˣڤǿƣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôϾЩߵȶħԴģΪʥħŮһŮ֮öԸ
ʥħŮôݣʵ߱ĸߵȶħûЩеľ³ˣѾˣڼ䶼ûһߵȶħҴڤʥħŮˡϿɱ˲ѪֻҪСӱˣͱ֮ħ֮Ĺˡ


2111 ʥ֮
ôڤʥħŮΣ
ϵı仯ڴϵУ֪Ϊʲôʧ̬ʵǣڤʥħŮӰ񣬼еĲ
ûеһʱشϣ˺һ̲סʵڤʥħŮΪγʮǻ
֮ǰħ᳤ϼ俴̫ԣܶණ֪ԼʳǸߵȶħ֪ĳʶԵĶ˶ڳϻݵĻɡ
ĵĵǶģڳ϶ʳ⣬ЩȻĸо
ȷԨħ˵䣬һ֣šৣһ죬еʥӰƿһԺɫĳ
һԳչһ࣬ɰסʥ塣
ںӳ֮£еʥһʥصϢ
ϻ˵ħʮǻģΪԨħ֮һǳϡе壬֧壬Ǵ˵ˣܶ겻кڰʹ
ڤʥħŮǼټĺڰʹ
ڰʹоԼԽԽңʥԨħеĺڰʹ
ô棬˵Ļô꣬ݲְܲɣҲֹһ
һ壬һʮ壬ԨħȻг
ʵڤʥħŮ伸Σʲôʱ˵ǰģ
ϲĿһۣû뵽Щ⣬Ƴ߶ԣٻʱȥģܴﵽ񼶵Ԩħ䶼Ϊλ꣬ǸͲʲô
ϻǻشʥħŮҲɣʲôʱǰǴǰˣǺǱޣǱ޳һ꣬һֱǧ꣬ĳһ䣬ŵĸߵȶħ֮ȼġ
˴ϵĻ˼һЩȷڰԨʥǲʮʥȻƾЩϢƲʲô
ǰʥԨ֮Ǳһ꣬νǱޣ᲻ʱ뿪˺ڰԨȥʮ죿
֮νĳʵػغڰԨѣ
ิӵϢԿࡣ
ȻΣʥǷǳġ
ʥһмΪҪһŮӣ˵ı켣
һصĺɫõ壬аȫ
Ŀʲô֮ľʲôһǧǰһսҪлɡ
һһֱҼǵǣʥ֮ǻƵһΣ᲻ʥԼĹѪ
ϾʱΪʵҩãûпԼһжޱĽʥڡ
ʥ֪ΪΣͬĹʵҲԵ״̬£Լķ񣬺ᷢʲô
˵ô࣬㵽ͬͬ⣿
ڴϵλҪħ֮Ĺ᳤ϣͷ˵
һۣһʣ֪Щʲô⣬ҪʶʶڰԨʥ˭ǣ˵ͷͬ⣡
ã
дϲгЦſĿ⣬ڿһ
ͬˣͬû˭ܹսʤʥħŮ
ǵģǸ֮ӣ˵ͬʵʱǶ𼶶ħսʥħŮλ𼶶ħҲʥħŮˣһˣźò׻ָΣھųϸʥħŮսˣʥħŮǶ𣬵ھųֻλ𣬲һС𣬽ˡ
ʥħŮҪȫ򣬵ھų϶ȻܵúܲңǲֵĻʥħŮɱ˶ܡ
ʥħŮͱˣָأҶ֮ǰҪǩ״ҲΪ˱鷳Щͼڤ󡣬ھųξһЩҲҪڴʮˣʱħ֮Ĺ֮УȻûˡ
ô˽ţĿϷ֮ɫ
ʱ򣬴ϴһӣ˵ˣһȥһʱ򣬾ͳɡ

ڶգҪħ֮ĹĹڵӶۼ
У񼶶ħֻˣģ𼶡
ˣһʮﳤĶħۡ
ڳڹ⣬ڿնһͷֲޣڿˮɫĿͨ
ԼĪһʱ֮󣬹ƿգʼ˿ռŲơ
ڰԨÿһ½ΪԽ£Խ㡣
ħд˼µʱ䣬ڵĿĵء
ڤڡ
ڤڣƽԭ֮ϣԶԶȥһִޱȵĸƼ䣬ǺڰԨһ㡣
ڤĸԣĹۣǾǰСһ΢ˡ
ͣ˸˵Ĺ㳡֮ϣĹ㳡żʮƵͼڹһĺɫâħ洫
δʱ˾ͻᱻͼڹɢӴϢ塣˵ĸоǣµĸ·ǻģһħܻļ¡
ڸĶˣһҲڹڹ۵ľ޴齢Ѿͣ齢һԷͼġ
֮⣬ΧһЩСһЩĶħ齢ɢɢľۼһ𣬱м޴ĹΧСһ
ڵĴĿǰһЩ齢ɨϲһ£Щ齢Ҫڤ˵Сˡ
Щֻɳ𼶶ħħ֮ĹǵĿҲħ֮ĹΧһЩħ֮ĹͼڼħУȴǸָˡ


2112 ħͯ
һ˹ۣʱڸϲĹ㳡֮ϣѾۼ˲Ԩħ
ЩԨħҲǽϵʵڰԨڤǶˣܳԨħֻӣ棬һ
ԭϣΥˣ
ڹһʱڤߣжħϵӭˡ
ӭħϽڤţڤеĳϵ񼶺󣬶õԼķţڴͬС죬ǵķ֮Уһڤ֡
ڤųϳֻ֣߸ߣͨڻɫϵƤһһħͯӡ
Щϸеͯȴ
ڤĳϣֻͨϣ΢һڤϵΪֶԷϢڹڴ֮¡
Ҳܿڤʵ̡
ڤڤΪͼڼԨħڤʵѾ
ڤ֮£ڤλ񼶵ĶħϣҲֹһ
ڵĴϣڤĻҲֻһͨϰˡ
ԶԷӴڵĶħͯӣһͨϣ޿ɺǡ
ڵĴϣڤĶħͯӿ˼䣬̸䣬ħͯӿһۣĿ¶һ˿ɡ
λؾǹڵĵھų˰ɡ
ĳϾϣ᳤ϣǵֱַ⡢¡
ħ˵ᣬǱʵҲѾˡ
ǳΪ֮󣬶ħͯӾͶˣΨһûмģȻҪսڤʥħŮĵھųˡ
ǡࡣ
ٺ٣ηɼΡħͯЦ˼˵ⷬǳޣƺ̺ŷ̵ζ
ʱħͯӿĿ⣬ҲЩζ֮ɫ
ħͯӲԵĵ٩Ͷ⣬⡢¡Ȼ˵ʲôʵѹûаɹڵһԱ
ʲôѺͳ޹ء
˵ϣǹڻǲһ˲ţΪĸߵȶħֻλ𼶣Ե˰λھųϣвһ֮ˣ
ħͯЦǺǵ˵Ȼ仰ڹߵĶУȴôˡ
ͼڼ֮Уﵽ񼶿ɳΪĬϵĹ
ЩͼڼǿʢϿԴﵽʮЩͼڼСֻ߸ȻСͼڼҲֻ񼶶ħΪϣħϣ˵ĸоǣѾҪˣŲȥˡ
ΪںڰԨֻдһŻ𼶶ħΪϡ
ħͯӲ֪֮飬ȻΪ츳ãűƸⳤϵģڹѾûͼڼħͯӿɲΪ˲ġ
ĸоǷ˽Ļҹ壬µ
ԭԴħԣƲƲɣһҲ˵ǶħͯȴҪ˵
ʵ⻰ǹѿġ
ûҲҲǸгôΪѹһѹڵơ
Ϊ죬˵ͼڼСžͻῪʼ̸Уħ֮Ĺ䡣
ѹ¶Էͷ֮γƣ̸ռ
ڴɫ΢˵ҹڵ񣬾ͲͷڤųϲˣھųܱΪϣȻԭ򣬵ǾԭҾͲ͸¶ˡ
漰ڵƣȻٳĬˣĽҲģɣɲҸһΪЩӾҪڤʥħŮ֣ʱʲôʵȻһĿȻˡ
ţƤˣֻԼѿ
ħͯӴЦʲôԭ򣬵ȼ֪ˣҲһʱ
ħͯ˵ת˵һǺܿ㰡ѾˣûĸߵȶħսڤʥħŮսڤʥħŮڴ
ħͯӻеķ̣ʵǵʥħŮڿУ
ڣʲôħͯµĿһۣ⣬ҳǿ򶨵ĺۼȴʧˣϢʮƽ˿ûΪĻа·ղŶԹڵĴѹСϷһ㣬΢΢ü
һ档ֱӿڡ
ҪжϺڰԨʥǲʮʥõİ취ȻǼһ棬ͶˣŪʥĿľʲô
Ȼʥ󣬶ħֻͯЦһ˵ڤʥħŮ˵ܼģ
𼶶ħҲ𼶶ħڤʥħŮǹڳϣΪξͲɼ
ķʣħͯ񿴰׳һĿ𼶣ҲܸҽʥħŮȣҲԼʲôˮƽ
ħͯ˵һɨһ۹ϣһ仰û˵ǾǹڵĳϣڤʥħŮλҲûпɱԣΪŵʵ̫ˡ
˼ϵӣûаѻ˵˺ˡ
ϣҲ˳ĬںڰԨʵһС
߰ɣЩ죬ͻģţһ죬
ħͯһЦٶԣֱһ˺֮˺һռѷ죬ת˽ȥͨڲĿռͨ
ڵɫôãȻħͯҪԵǺγ֪ħͯķʽѹǹڵƣҪѹһͷ
Ƕܲˬ
⿴һۣЩƵĶϴҪħ֮ĹҲڤȡˣ
ڤʥħŮһһУɱδأȻϣòһ㣬ǷϾǹڣԽңҲԽǶˡ
ˣΪ֮飬Ϊŵδʲô
⡢¡ϱţ΢΢üϻˣоھųϣú׼һ£ӦԽսˣȻҪ̸УջҪԴҹڤѡ϶Ծ
ھųҲˣǻ޹ؽҪˣǻʧܴû
ϵĴһ϶ը죬һ£æ˵ǣģǲʧġ
϶Сǳɳ֮ǰҲָǣԶǶԣʦһǵȻη
ڳϵ˽ﴫδҲùܡ
ֻƽ̤ħͯ˺Ŀռ֮ͨУһת޴ڲ
ֱһƬǧ硣
֮УɽɿգѪȪֱ£ޱߵɭ֣иֿµޡ
ںڰԨкܶǻ۲ߣʵǳǿԨħЩԨħЩޣˡ
Ƭ磬ǹһ˵ŵ㣬ҲǼ֮Ĵսڡ


2113 ʥ֮̾
ڲƬ룬һƬ޴ƽԭƽԭɱɭɭδսս
ƽԭΧǸšפء
ЩפأɢʯݣҲгС
һţռһǳء
Ҳǹڵλ֣ǳ֮Уһˣͬӣֻм˶ѣסڳֻռ˺Сĵطˣū
ڰԨһū硣
еЩū̫壬Ԩħ
һеūάųеת֮⣬ҲΪṩַ񣬹ڵĺĵӺͳǣΪΪˡ
ǾĹĶ飬Ǳˡ
һƯڳеϿգŸڳУϿգŵ񼶶ħѹ
ѹǿͷųģǳ֮е񼶶ħ̫ǿ¶
ڳϿվ£ǿĶħ֮γ˵ơ
ĹϹڣһλ񼶶ħͷŵϢ£Ѿγ𼶶ħ֮УҲ֧š
ˣ
ϴһӣһʯݣʼˡ
ڰԨЩ꣬һҲͣ¡
ôħפһнչʾԼʵʾǲ緢ʲôŲʡ
ȻţˣڵĳϻͲԸĳϵλҲûרŵĳϷšǣ磬֪־ֻǡڵھųϡ
Ҳ֪ˣھųҪڤʥħŮ
ڹȥʱ䣬жħʥħŮħ֮Ĺ֮УȻиߵȶħ⡣
ȻһϷˣ
ϢȻͷʮ㣬Ĺĳ񼶶ħȴôģϾǶԣڤʥħŮվֻ𼶶ħѣûҲûеǵĲϣʥħŮΣǲ⣬ֻǿְˡ
һݿʼǰСֹ̨ڵϷݣڵھųʱоͰСݡ
ĵģڤҪսߵȶħ֪ߵȶħսܹӮٳ
ʵϣڤǿƣǵĿֻ꣬ӮһӮǾ͸֮ϲˡ
ǣЩȻһֱѼڤ᳤ϵϣΪ׻ߵȶħμıȶ
ڤ鱨ܹúܺãⷽ棬ں;Ĺ࣬ҪɳĳϾô࣬ûѡ
˲עȴٲ˻һĵϸ
ڤڣһڶʱյķ֮С
һŮ̫Ůӻ߽С㣬ڵĵھųħ֮Ĺ֮ǰҪѾһЩϣСҪҪĿһ£
ŮǰһɫȹŮӣվڴߣĮŴ⡣
һ˫۾˿࣬ȻʵϣΪ۾̫䣬ƺһص棬޷̽Ѱ߼ʡ
һͷڷͬٲ£׷ںɫȹ֮ϣͬŭŵĺõ塣
ŮתĿһǰŮ
Ůӵòü֮䣬оöɵغӡǣŮ䣬ȫɢһɵʥϢԲλࡣ
Ůӣʥ˵ʥһģһĺڰʹ
С㣬ˡ
Ů˫ϥ£еģʥŮǳ̫壬ʥҪġ
ȻʥߵŮţЩ׺ͣʥ֮£Ůǻ鲻ԽĹȥͷ͵úܵͣҿŮӵա
ʥüչˣڵھųϣ
ǵģλ𼶶ħ
ʥ޹жھųûκ̽ȤֻǸеᷳˣĻ֣˵°ɡ
ŮѼ鱨ʥÿһۣЩĸߵȶħֻһȺĲӬ߻ˡӬ֮ǰȻҪȥֻ̽ӬʲôʲôƷˡ
ǡ
ŮԹԵ򣬶ʥзǳм
ΪūʼãۼߵūҲⲻ˱ҵˣΪʥŮ˲ûдݲһЩԴʵ֮ˡ
ԶʥĹͷĬĬ£ת֮ǰĵ͵ʥһۡ
ֻʥĲգȻƺʥ֮У޵¶һ˿İ޷׽
ֵֵİѾǵһοˣżʥһ̾Ϣ΢ţȴͬһ˫֣״˵ҡ
ףڤʥħŮѾﵽԨµ֮Ůʲôֵðأ
ȻȥʣֻЩ꣬ú÷ʥϣһ˿ܴʥɢ
Ȼʵϣʱƣ̾Ϣ˼ʼհʥȥ
˿ʥϼû¶ЦݣΪʥ˪ǳ
ʵϣŮȴ֪˲ˣֻģ˭Ҳܴ򿪡
ܴ򿪣Ҳ֪˭ء
һĹȥ
ĳڤ֮г̸УƤ
Ǵ¶˹֮ǾǾȷʱˣҲǸʵƴʱ̡
ȶսҪʼˡ
սͶ˸ĴƽԭϣעһޱȵĶԾ


2114 
ڤ֮ڣƽԭ֮ϣһͼڴܣΧһԲĶħ
֮ڣħɭɭһ޴̫Ŷħݷ
ĵӣֻǿ֮ڣܸܵ޴ѹ
ѹۻɱµиܲס
ڤڤҲڤĻ̴ǰǰͲģڤ൱ĴۣϵάѪ̴һֱ󷨵ļ񼶶ħУܵԼ
ڽڤʱ򣬹ڴϽܵ
һ۴ΧͼЩͼûƿ̷ģǵŸʽϵĶħЩħͼб̺˶ħĴУϢľ
̤֮УܵԼѹ࣬ǵǶط򣬶֮ܵеѹơ
ҪѹƣֻƿڵȻûʵ
ҵѹһЩսҲƽ񼶶ħսƻ̫ʹڤܲ١
ţԽԽĶħ֮Сһ޴˶ȥ
һԼ򣬶ԲԶѾһȺߵȶħȵһˡ
ǾĹĶħϵߣС˵Ŀ⣬һֱھĹļش
ĹĶħӣȻҲ˹ڡ
Ĺ͹ڣҪֶԿڤͬʱҲǾ֡
ϣǹڿ˲ٸ֣б
ĹΪ׵һ϶ħ߰˳ߣʮݣһһϸľһԴϣ߰˸۾òޱȡ
϶ħǾĹĴϣ󣬻һЩﵽ񼶵Ķħϡ
ȻħϣǾĹɳģμӱȶ񼶳ˡ
ڹһ⡢¡᳤ϣĹħϵ񶼴ŵս⡣
Ĺħϣڵͬڵϵʵǲ֮䡣ĹĶħȴϴһΪ޵᳤ǿһУһȫġ
ıˣ죬ҵȣֻǾΪˣϻһ񣬻˵
̫ǫˣǹΣָħ֮ĹһУһҪڤųϣȢڤʥħŮҾĹ簡
Ĺʣڷ̣ڳޣ뷨ʲôҪ
˵ĸڤĻѾùڵ᳤ǻˣѾĽ˸Ѫͷ
ϵ̩Ȼ˵ڤʥħŮǧǰѸ£ԨħֻҪ֮ͬ£ܹʤǾ˽֪飬˭Բ룬ǹҲ̸ʲôɣҲͰˣʲôϵ
ϵĻش𲻵ΣָԼһ·ĹϴЦ˵ЩʲôʱͻȻԶϵħ
ħԭЩֵĳһ³Ŀ׷Ͷȥ֮֮УһҾ޴ĺɫۣǻˮһƿڤϢʻ
ڹ֮ϣվʮߵȶħʮߵȶħΪȫ֮ϣ
һһӾͳʮ񼶶ħӵ̵ģҲֻڤˡ
ڤĳǣ
ѹ˵ڳڤеһɾ޴ѹ
ÿµ˵ڤ񼶶ħϣжʮϣĹ͹ڼ࣡
Сĵ˽ۣڶУЩп
ںڰԨͼڼ񼶶ħаʮңټһЩͼڼģ񼶶ħܹ񼶶ħԴﵽһϡ
һֲˣΪʮӵսߣԼҲʮһѡ
ڰԨʮԨʮͨôʮѾڰԨɨˡ
뵽ЩҲĸܵ˰ǰ·˵ǿ󣬵Ȼʱ̫壬ΪսʤԨħҲ˼ΪصĴۡ
ţͻȻȻһͫ΢΢
һ̣ǹ֮ϣһŮӵӰ
Ůɫȹĺڰ֮ԴĵطĻΪһɫ꣬ջƮ䣬ȹ֮Ϻ󣬻ʧ
Ǻҹľ飬ŮӣڤʥħŮ
һз˲㲨ڤʥħŮϣܵһϤģ·ѪһĪϵϵ˲϶ˣڤʥħŮʮ󡪡ʥ
֪ǣʥĽϣʥԪͲֱԴ꣬ԼڣҲΪʥ֮䣬޵ϵ
ʱ򣬲ܶԨħʥ
ΪڤʥħŮʥ츳ףλ߲ʣʳףòھԨһ֮ŮȻԨħˡ
ڤʥħŮŲһ
Ҳ̽ħ֮Ĺģ˵Ϊ棬Ѿʼ񾳽ˣ
µ츳żɡ
Ƿ׷ţʱôעԼϵĿ⣬ʥͻȻһһ˲䣬ƺһģĸоӹļ䣬ʹģ˹ڵķһۡ
Ŀ⣬ͣһĽ׳ͨ帲źɫۼף˫ŹеԨħϡ
Ԩħĸߵȶħ֮вۣ֪ΪΣʥȴֵֵģʶĸо


2115 ѡ
֡Ӧûм
ʥ΢΢üʱѾȫεԼ屾Ϣ
ıڶħ磬һϢ֮ʥ޷ϳȻΪһ˿˵壬ֱܵĸܵر
ʥĿ⣬񣬱޲
ԼһϢʱûκθʥϵĴ㣬ΪڰԨԣ̶Ѩһع⣬ô롣
Уʥ˭֪ʱʥںڰԨ֮Ϊʲôа
ȫʵ£޷ʥϾһǧǰһΣʥǷһУȻʥǾչ¶һУȴʥһŮӣһּ֪ϢȴԸԶ֮ĸӸ顣
ʥһĬĬջĿ⣬΢΢תͷߵһħʵǸڵħ˭
С㣬ǹڸոսĵھųϣΪֻλңϳЩΣҡ
Ƕħ˵￴ʥһۣԥ
ʲô
С֪һαȶУйڵĳҪսС㣬ͼǸսߣھųˡ
ţ
ʥһ£ĿһۣϢ˵Ǵδ⣬ҲȥʹǸսߵϢ죬֮νսȴӹһ˿ֵĸо
Сʲô
ûʲôʥҡҡͷ˵ˡ
Īֱʥͷϸ˼ȥͼӼ֮ѰĳԨħڵܹص
ȻȻûҵʵȴôҲû뵽ǰô̽飬ѪûκԨħȻһ࡭
λϻ˵ˣֱӿʼսɣڣһ¹򣡡
Ԩħ֮һɫؼ׵ĿħɵУûйעκζħȻȴޱȺĴȫ
ħڤһϡ
ڣҪμⳡȶĶħǣȫ룡
ħһڹһĶħֱӷ˳ţĹ޵ȳҲ̷ɳ
󣬾ڤĳˡ
ڤɳ
ħǵɴ۾ֻڤڵĺɫ֮ϣһɫֱ
֮ڣһһɢſϢĶħη¡
Ƕڤĳϡ
ڤͯ
ڤĵһϣһΪΪڤͯĳϣȻλ񼶡
۹ڻǾĹɳģħ֮Ĺ׳곤ϣλ񼶡
ڤȴѾλ񼶣ǱھŶħеĲ֪ˡ
һڤͯͽĹ͹ڵѹһͷ
ҺýڤѡҲһλħˡ
ڤ¡ڤǡڤաڤšţ
һϤڤ߲㳤Ķħһϵ֣ǵʱȴȻסˡ
ȵȣ⡭
ô
ǸȹƮƮĺɫӰշµʱԨħɴ˫ۣôû뵽ڤսѡȻǵĳϣʥħŮ
ڤʥħŮҲҪս
Ϊ񼶣񼶣սħ𣡣
жħĿ⣬ʱ޲ʥϣʥɢϢѾһֻ̤񼶵żˡ
ǲжӽ񼶣ǲ֮Ĳܴսʵ̫̫ѣ
ڹȥ֪ڤʥħŮ츳ǿͬܵУ֪ٽܳħͼڤʥħŮ˫ޣɳꪡ
ǲܹڤʥħŮĴ˵ٿţûĸԨħȻڽ죬ڤս
ѵѾޣս
ڳħǶеţȻû˭ΪڤʥħŮȫûаһս£μⳡħ֮ĹıȶǾ̫޴ˡ
Ҫ֪ں;ĹӵѡֵȨһظѡ֣ʥħŮʵ̫Ļں;ĹħϣɴȫѡʥħŮôǾӮˡ
Ȼǲܵ顣
ʶЩжħʥĿⶼˡ
þηݡʡԡ
ָӵ飬Ԩħļ䣬ʱⳡߵһ仰ȴ˵˼ά
ڿʼں;ĹĶħϣǿԸѡǵĶˣ
ߵĻʱùں;Ĺ
ѡ֣ȻҪ
ȶУڤĶǿԱظѡģǿħȫѡڤսʿǸʵǿڤͯȫøս
ڹؼǣ˭ڤսʿأ
˺սʤڤ֮ͯ⣬ں;ĹĶħϣʼһһǵĶ֡
Ϊħ֮ĹÿһΣҪܾãÿθħ֮Ĺսʿȫͬټڤ鱨ܹͺܺãڤϵǳ
ں;Ĺĳϣֻܸ⼸ߵȶħϵϢ򲨶ߵֱƲ
⣬ѡô
ڹһϿʵ
⿼˺һһâտʥ˵ѡˣҾѡʥħŮ
Ȼ֪ʥʵҲҳսȻЩƣΪ񼶵ڤ϶ԣʥ˵ĸоһ㡣
ϾԽսʱ򣬶Ƿǳǿġ
üȴûзԣתһϣʵأ
΢΢˼һ˵ȻôʣҲѡʥħŮˣӦİɡ


2116 ս
ڵѡܿͳˡ
𣬶ѡʥ£Ǻȴѡһһĳϡ
÷һһʥǿޱȣֻʲôĻǿܾһӮˡ
ɵǣĹҲͬѡѡʥǿޣѡ֡
Ҳ˵ѡ֮ʥһˣҪĸ֡
մĹʥһսһˣ;սֱս
С㣬ĸħѡ㣡
ڹں;ĹѡʱʥѾصϴϢߵŮҴҵ˵
ʥüһһɣ˵֪ˡ
ͬʱôħѡУʥ֮С
ΪһŮӣöԸˡ
С㣬㡭ŮЩĵĿʥʥȻϣʥô˳ս񼶵ĸǿսɲһܳܵġ
û£°ɡ
ʥڣŮֻĬĬȥ
ձ򣬵һսһʱ֮ʼ
ʥϢ˰ʱվԡ£˻ĳȹһɫսף֮ȡһ
ںɫĳ֮УԵù϶ɣ
ʥ򷿼֮ȥ
ʱڻĹƽԭսϣһ޴ĺɫԲ̣֮С
ɫԲ̣Ϊڤת֣ڤ֮һҲǰǰڤĴ̡
ڤת֣ɴСڣħȶս̨
ڤתΧŵʮͼϵʱ򣬾γ˼᲻ɴݵܳס߽ĳ
ʱ򣬸ԼλãڴⳡսҲ֪ˣں;Ĺѡ
ĸѡʥ
úܶħеݣΪʤΪ˷ֵ棬Ĺ͹ڲֶΣҲ޿ɺˡ
ʥΪڰԨ֮ŮӵİĽߺͳߣЩħ֪ܵõʥԸ֧ʥ
ʱѾվڤתϵⳤϣвٶħ׷׷
ս治Ҫ
ڤĶħڴ󺰣ЩСĶħҲ˽ЩСȻģ󣬵ڤΪɽǸµڡ
⻹ʲôģ䲻֪ڤʥħŮ˶ٱһ϶ԸһŮӣ䣬Ϊ˼Ҹߣ˼վ
ʥĽڽˣ˵ǡᡱϣҲֻ񼶶ħԡ
ǧ񣬶ܱ
ΣҲˣʵϣλΪܵ򴫳кԴƣǳڻĻ츳ˡ
˵ƤʱҲˮˡ
ڤĲһͽĿеħŮݺݵĲڽ£Ҳв
ţһ˿âϧҵΪѾ񼶣ӮħŮҲܸ˫ޣĻʱܹһƷҵΪҲǴкô
뵽ʶ촽ʱͻȻһ٣Ȼ̧ͷա
֮ϣһɵĮɱ
ڤʥħŮˣ
һħһߺħҲ׷ȥֻһɫսף˿ٵŮӣֱֳֳɶ¡
ڤת֮ϣ㣬ȴմأֻе
ȴûпĶ⣬ĿȺ֮һɨƺʲôˡ
սΧмħȻȴһ˲ҵԼҪҵĿ꣬
ʥĿ⣬ͣ˶̶һϢʱ䣬ƺǺúôһ뿪ˡ
һϢĹעһʥֱʵ̫ˣԼѾص̶ֳȣܹܵԼڲͬ
Ůϣա
ʥ㵽ʲôأǰǸŮӣʲôϵء
Ŀ⣬ʥüļ䣬ǾŶ䵭ɫĻ꣬ġ
ÿһö꣬ȱǴתھתı־
ʣʥԼЩ꣬Ѿ˾Ŵת͸򣬴תԲˡ
ת֮ڿԲϵ߹̸ʣ츳
ת֮󣬸ʱ䡣
ʣһʱ򣬴ʱʥѾͬն
ʥܲμĻɵõʮϣʮϵɶȣ
Ѿһβμĳɼй֮޲ˡ
ʥΪսʱ
ʱʥԼĽһʮĽڣŵĹ⻪ʵزǽЩ񣬵ʵһǴĥɵġ
һǽ
ǽĽϣŴģЩģǺƿȥԭеģҲǾֵĹġ
Ϣİǹ֮ϣѾԽ鱦
״Ӻζ˭ĹǴġ
ǽǶħĹǣ˵Ĺǣ
ӹͷƾħˣ߶ħʵѾԽˡ
ʥƽ֣гֱָ⣬ǽ̣ƽƵ
ܵһ˿ѹȻҪԼõĺúܶˡ
ֽȡһ󴸡
ͨڵսֻǵͽ׵鱦ԨħȻʵǿ󣬵ˮƽޣȫûа취ʥȡ
ȻսԹǽϣռ˴ƣһʼʹǿʤ
ûʥһ־һ
ȣ
һȫⱩǣһҳϯؼħ֮ڤѹ֮£һҲǾ춯أڤת֣ţ
һ̣ʥˣụ̂Ʈȥ
˭ʥܱȵ⣬湥ٶȡʤõս
Ȼʥ˵ͬʱȻоΧĿռһӴѹһ㽫ˡ
ţ
ʥüһȴЦҵսħѣɣ
¡
һ£ͬĩս٣
ڳħڣʥĳǣ׷׷
µľصâ˸Ա塣
â΢΢ɢ֮ڤת֣һ֮£΢΢б
ɴ˿ɼһĿ£
֮£ʥȴûбҳˣҲûܣûжǱǽ
һ̣ʥһԺɫ£ǰһɫһ㣬֮ϣһŵطģһһ˸š
һ𣬿סһĺ
һĻħ΢΢ſͣǲµʥǿû뵽ǿ濹⣡


2117 ʹ֮
˭ʥǼͺٶ͵ߣҲôΪÿ񱩶ħ֮ԨħսȻʵϣ濹סһ
㡭
⿴ʥɫͫһ˿֮ɫ
һ޵ŮˣȻסԼһش
ڰʹѪԭԨħеĶѪǵеѪս̨֮£һϵĶħ˵ǵ۾Уһ˿֮̾ɫ
ڤʥħŮǻлԵͨ˫£ܣ֮󣬾񼶵ĵ档ԭʥħŮֻޣ벽񼶣ҲסĹԼķֲһ㡭
˵ķ򣬾ʥ˫֮ǰ˸ķġ
ߣܶħ֮󣬶ǰզ࣬ڤʥħŮǿ󣬷Ҳǿкôռˣδ̫Щ
䣡
ʥֿʥͬһֻɫһƮȥڳ֮ϣ˿˿ѪղһʥЩˣԣ˸Ͳʲô
һʥֱ˶
ղһδ֣ܵԥĶ˸ǿ
ħɱ
ȫŨĶħ̣֮ͬɿµڤѹ֮£Ҳ׶գͬɽХһʥ
ÿһΪһͷĶħһʱ䣬ͬħء
һȸղĹһֹ
Ͼ񼶶ħȻʵħвǿԼĵƺƴֶΣҪֶħס
ʱʥҲˣ˸ŷĵĹâü֮ӡǿʼŴʥıӿĶħ֮۳ͼڣһʢĺɫ
һ̣ʥˣеĹǽһйâƺһ̳صΨһ
һһÿһ޻ڣ֮󣬶ڽţǳ
⽣âҪħɱ˺ܶ࣬ȻâиЩħϵʱȴ˹һĻɫĽâһеϢƫƫ̺һϢ⾳ʮ㣬Աɱ
ⷢħɱǵصĺˣʥĽâȴӲ⺣֮䣬˺һȱڡ
âͬŵĶߣֱ࣡
ʲô
ͫȻ˳ȥȻһĽǶ̫꣬չԼȥѹƣȻƿĻħֱ֮Ӷۼס
ۣ
³һںѪ嵹ɳȥصײڤת֮ϡ
Ŵ󴸲վ壬⵱ˤ󣬴ʱʥǲ֮ɫ
ȫû뵽ʥղŷĽâԶûħɱǿȻΪʲôȴƿʽ˵
һ㣬̨ºܶħϣҲδܿ
еģˣΪʥղһʩչ⾳ԼҲ
ɫĽâһУ򣬶ԭСĽâϢƿ˱ǿħɱΪϢ߽֮ǡʥ䡷
ʥڵĶħ֮ȷʵ⣬ǷȴֲĲ㣬Ե棡
ʣתԲʥڷϣѾվһĸ߶ˡ
ķʥȣҲֻʤ޷һ棬ȡʥ䡷ȴʥҪһ
еΪʥеһǽʥ䡷ϣõõķӺ
ǹǽϵģҲƺǡʥ䡷µ֡
Խ鱦Ĺǽټϡʥ䡷ģжȻӹһͷ
ǽòò֮Ǵɵİɣ
оЩ㤣ǰǰ֮һ·˵һ˽ܣ
īͳ˵·ˣδȥֻΪĳԭ˳ߣߵĵصȴһա
·˻ţˣѵĹͷ˽ô
뵽Ŀܣеʤ꣬ͬʱʥݣе˷ˡ
ʱڤתϣʥĽڼң
ʥһռϷ֮ûиκλᣬһɳг裬ֲܼͬ꣬׽
ÿһ⣬̺Ϣ޷ĥͬʱ̺˻һеɸʴϵĶħ֮ĻħԪĹʥĽâ͸
ʥõһֱƫƫʥռϷ硣
ⲻϵʩչֶΣһһʥ⣬Լƽ˿ڡ
ңҲʥ˱ʥࡣ
ʥϢƽȣƺһֱսȥһ㡣
սչһѾע˽֣ʥʤֻʱ⡣
йսĶħþˣ뵽ʥǿȻôû뵽ʥȻѹ
޵ǿߣֻһֻ̤񼶵ż񼶣кܴĲࡣ
ΪѾսλԼҲΪ񼶶ħأսλˣ
ȼԽСսѾζʥʵôֻᣬԽ
㲻ڰͼڶħУҲԳԽ
ټϺڰأ
δֻΣ
ΧսĶħѾˡ
ʱս̨ϵսѾʱ̣һóħɱʱѾǿ֮ĩ
һȴٴαʥʥ䷨ƿ
ۣ
ɭɭĽâֱӶؿڣѪ嵹ɶصˤڤתϡ
ܱ


2118 һ콾
һսʤߡڤʥħŮ
ֱȶĳ˵仰ʱȫսԨħ˵ĸоˡ
Ȼ˭֪ڤȫûʤ£ʥħŮɳں;ĹʤǵʱǻǸеţڤʥħŮûнʲô󷨡ֻ֮ƾԼ⣡
ںڰԨʮûгֹʤλˡ
ÿµŮˣħ֮Ĺ֮УͨڰĿ飬ڷӡͼڶħĻʵͲˡ
ħƺʶˣڤħ֮ĹһУʥ»ǡ
ڤܻ㾡ȫʥһԽ񼶵ǿߣҲȷʵʱ
ʥħŮδ꣬ȻΪԨǿļ֮һ뼸ǰиߵȶħҪƽ˫ޣǿЦˣû˭ʸ񰡡
ǰĵλʵ츳Ѿ߲ˣûĸߵȶħ̫ˣǲ˭ˡ
ļƷҪܵõԸˣ˫ޣʵİҲ󣡡
ڳħ׷ۣһս֮ʥѾԨĵһ콾
Ҳʱ˹ڣйڵʶͶĿ⣬ܿҪʥ֣ͼƽսʤʥĵùҪҵһЩ־塢ҵı顣
Ȼȴʧˣķ֣ȻڹλôϢϢ˿ңƺղս̨ϵǾһսûаϵһ
СҪͬսڤʥħŮôȻס
ԣڵĵھųϣӦֻǿװ򶨰ɣװĳҲмֱˣҪȻ⡣
ڼǰҲһЩԼʵäĿԴĸߵȶħսʥȻǶ֪ʥʵ£ΪȵţҪʥ֮ǰǻŵĲУ֪ԼĽ
ȻĽǱʥˣбеġ
ڣûӣٶԼʵäĿԴսߣҲòΪԼʵܱȵ񼶶ħ
񶼱ʥˣԼǰʲô͸ԤϵһսĽˡ
ǹڵھųϲסˡ
˵ͻޣǱڤʥħŮΪͣλħλ𶥷壬ΪʥĻʲôôġ
˵ţʱʥĿҲϣʱϢתͺʥĲ׽ˡ
ƾϢжϣȻαװģʥиеˡ
ڵĵھųϣʲô
ʥĿ⣬ܵˣ΢΢˫ۣ̹Ȼʥӡ
һֱڲϵĵԼ״̬ԼѣΪԤеʥһսɣ
Ҳ˵ʥʵǿΪֱԼߣԨħԨ£ʵӾЩơ
ıȴλԨħ֮УȻ˵ͷͨȻҪӱֲܱʥԼݣȴˡ
ԤеԼʥ֮䣬עһԾ
ʥʶô֮ĹϵˣѵĹϵһֱɱԿ
·ԭ̨ٵһǧǰԼ׷ɱǣˡ
һ±˫Ŀ˿״̬ȻߣѾסˡ
ΪѡĶ֣Ҳʥ
ʵʥ⣬ôԼȥҲ׶༪ˡ
Ůˣ̫ˣ
ɫЩѿ
ս֮󣬾ͺãǿӦǲ㣬ڷȴ㣬սʱ򣬹һҪ׼һЩҪǵأñԵ档
һԣڴָ
ʱ򣬹Ѿûȥˣԭǻˣⶼˣһ𣬾ٲңʲô˵ء

ⳡȶÿһ죬սһ
ʥһսڶǾĹޣսڤһϡ
ǾĹ׳곤еһҲξĹɳģʵǿǱĶħ
ѡֵʱûѡʥΪʱ򻹲֪ʥôǿѡһλ
ڣȴЩˣʥ֣콾֮һս
Ȼվڤתϵʱ򣬿ڤڵķȴûпʥӰʥûг֣ȻⳡսȤǷȱ
΢΢üȻʥУֵùע
޵һս޵ĻʤգȻʤĲɣҲǱйоء
Ľںܶħ֮С
ȷʵʵǶԹڵ˵ѹʹˡ
ĹѾʤһǹڵܲʤһδ֪
ȫܣôħ֮ĹһУͻ÷ǳ
ʥ֣
ʥĶ֣ǾĹģǾĹһ
Ĺڲ̫һɳ񼶶ħǿģڶйоأģѾЩˣʵҲȫǴĶѡ
ʥĹ񼶶ħһվڤתϵʱ򣬸ûʲôΪĹĳаʤĿܡ
ڵˣҲֻĳʥһЩʤʥĻᣬ΢ôһ㡣
Ϊʥһսˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣ񼶳ս̨ϣδ־ʮָɴ˵䣡
ʱħȻ˵˭ܿϾȻ䣬˵ȥֱЦˡ
Ĺϵ䣬ʱɫѿΪһ͸ˡ
ʥûбһ㡭


2119 ɲ
Ĺϼһ
ڵĶħɫ΢Ĺ͹ȻѣҲΪĹϵ
Ĺսʥ֮󣬾ֵڵȥ
ȻĹ֪򲻹ʥȻԸ·ˡ
Ҫһ䡣
ÿһսһ죬ڳ񼶶ħԣһʱ䣬ҲǱ۾ѡ
ڳħȴһ֮ʥĵսʼǡ
һսѾȥʱ䣬ʥԭľͲ࣬ѾָѾ۷״̬ˡ
ϣͰҿ㣡
ھĹһһ֮ǰЩ飬ʵֻƽʱЦؼʱ򱳺ͱһϣֻ˵
ýŲһ٣ɫǺ죬ǸһۣߣĿԴɣ
̨ˣ֪ԼʵҲ֪ⳡսѣҲԼɡ
Ϊʥսʤõһɾ⼱ʤó˺ܶʽȴʥԺСĴƽˣԽԽ󣬶ʥûôģעˡ
㣬ƾ輼ɸʥʱ䣬ԼΪȻʥܲϵʥˡ
ģҲġ
ÿһԼֶΣҲģϳ֮ڤתϣȼ˺ɫԨ֮
Ǻųƿһеħ棬Ҳ
ΪһôƫƫӮǿ˫Ŀ֮˸ս⣬ħչ֮ˣ
һµĶħֻҪħ֮Уͻᱻճɻˣ˵ս񼶶ħĻУҲ᲻ϵ
Ҫʥ
սһʼûдʥԾһֱԶ룬ʱ䣬Ҫʥ
ʥļâԻܵ£ٽĥ
ԽԽ״ֻ̬άʵĲԼܵڡ
һħһħսȻûƷս
ȻΪ˲ݰɣֻҪӮսǺսôҲ޿ɺǡ
ⳡսĽЩ˷ˣͿ˭֧ŵɡ
ܶħţ϶һ־սΪ𲻿ƴĻôȥǿܴϼ켸ҹġ
ȻڴҶôΪʱȴ֪ⳡսע᳤õģΪʥóģ򡭡
һʱ䣬ʥһâйǽһȻڤת֡
ৣ
ԽΪģʥԭӣһ˪üļѪɫҲ˱֮ɫ
ƽ֣һտһȦȦģ·ɢܿ͸ڤתڵһգ
˻˻
ʥȫصıϢ˫ڿ黭һƯ£·ѩƵƽܵĿռ䣬ޡ
󡭡
һ꣬һμʥ·óʽ
·ĿǲͲ
һʼֵĲ棬ʥһԣƾģӵеıϵ򡪡ս
ˣҲʥҶԲԴ
ʥվǲôһ㣬ΪʱĶһˣ̫δܽɱ
ֱ֣ʥϣͨĵ㡣
ʱһǧ꣬ʥϣѾﵽ˲˼ľ硣
һޱȿµĺ㽫ڤתֶһ㺮
ıͷųĻ֮˼ҵײһʱ䣬ڻҲдƬƬĻ汻ɡϨ
̨˱磡
еԨħ˼ҵԿǵɴ۾
һΣʥûʲôؾļɣֱӲ
ĶԿȻҲ뷨йأģ˫ʵıƴ
ϵɫˣ
û뵽ʥڱϵϣ˳뻯
һ˭ܸȫ˭ռ˴ƣȡʤ
Ͷ뵽֮С
䣡
֮ײ˸ıģЩʥΪģǾ޴ѤõĻһţ
ȻվʥһͲ𣬶ڷ棬ƣ
ձᣬħ汻ɣҧأͷѾ˵ĺ顣

һ죬ʥһ˫ɫĳչҲƮһ̣֮µʥ֮ͬŮ
ʥ˫չ֮ͷŵҲɫЩ׷αһʼտ֮ɫ
ɫıѩضǿ󣬴֮ռڤת֡
ʱʥ𣬶ٳ֣Կ
ʱһһţһֱ˴ʱϵĺˮԽԽ࣬Ҳ˴롣
ʥֻǺ΢΢ӿ죬ʼգĴݡ
ս̶ֳȣѾûбҪսȥˣʥѾ֤ں棬ȫԨħ棡
ҡ䡭
ѵ˵гɥ
뵽Լ䣬û뵽ȴԼóҲԼ԰ħϣᱻʥܡ

һ˲䣬ǵػȫɢԭĺҲȫ飬Ĺܣɷ׷ѩƮ
龰á
һ̣֮еʥȴħȫˡ
ʥĵڶսٶȻʤ
ԭֻ˾ȣǵڶսḶ́ȴһȫͬģʥһսʱδʩչʽ
ⲻһָоƺʥʵɲ⡭


2120 սû
ʥħŮ̫ˣĵһսûóȫ
ʥһսƾǡʥ䡷һսõ˲ãʥʵһֱδȫ
ƾ輼ȡʤƴҲ񼶶ħ
ǿʵķ򣬳֮⣬кڰʹѪӵһµĺɫԼƳԽ񼶵عǽ
ôµͬһϣŮˣδ̫ˡ
ҪǸŮʱ䣬δʮ֪꣬ɳʲôز
ħļ£ټϺڰ䣬󣡡
ĶħϷ׷զ࣬ʥĸ߶ȾѾǸˣδܳΪԨף
ʵʥҲа
һǧǰʥʵڳɳ̫ˣЩ꣬Ȼ˺ܶ飬ڷ򡢸ȸ棬ʱ䣡
ôȥʥǡ
жȻһͷڣӦڱչ֮ꡣ
ʥܹͨڰ俼ĻȻܹɾ񼶶ħټʵкڰǱھδǷп۵ƿأ
ͷֻӹļ䣬Ȼ㱻ˣָоۼпһΪֹԼµ
ڱչأӦòʥƿء
ܣʥڰԨǻġ
磬ͨʥõͼڼħĴ֮һ
֪۵ļƻʲôҲ֪ͼڼħУԻ۶ʲôá
ƲⶼĵĻǻ۵ʵ״ﵽʲô̶ȣѾˣܲǡԽɣ
Ӧáܣ
ҡͷԽûôף
ţʥĿ⣬սʤ֮ʥų̂ڤתϣĿ
Ŀ⣬һ⣬ֱ˫Ŀļ䡣
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ʥᶯ˶ûôȴʥж˼ƺ˵ǣҵ㡭
в˷ʥĿ⣬˳ʥĿȥ
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ǼһﵹùˣʥħŮôǿˣȫûСǣǺ񡭡ʥħŮŹʥħŮ߰Ա˵սƺرУⳡսȫɱһҲᱻʥħŮúܲҵģ˵
˾˰ɣʥħŮʱĹؾǣʱҪǩ״ʥħŮʵ͵λɱһϣƨҷš
ڵںܶħжѾСˡ
Ϊʥʤ񼶳ϣʥı䣬һЦˡ
ʵʱ򣬹ڵļ϶ѾеϷգʥĿ⣬Ǻ޲Ҹطȥ
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ڰԨ˭ʥδʱգ˵ΪԨĵһǿߣ
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ҲǴ˴αȶһսйڵĶħǣ񾾽ע£һս䲻
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ħϣСǵʵ
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ħ֮ʶ֮²ҽһƺʲôˣҵĲ
һ˲䣬ڤϿ׼ᣬ˲ƵµǰȻһצµؿڣ
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Ƚ֮ȫħž˼Ϣʱ䣬ͷˡ
ڤϣȻʲôӦϹаһ࣬Ϲа꣬ʵӦòǿȫʢʱ򣬸ܶ˺
ǵȵµĵò࣬ϹаͻȻðͳѹյһˡ
ڤϣҲǳжһٵĻᣬֱӽܣ
ƺõģһʼµȴҲ˶Է»
ȫܣ
һʱ䣬ڤĶħǶڻһЩСĶħҲЩֻζ
ڵļϣɫҪѿжѿ
Ҫ֪ĹѾӮһˣǹڣȴȫû
ʧ滹ˣ˷۱
ϣˣ
ڤһִ˴αȶλڤŹЦ˵
ҵȼˣķڷ
ǿάŷȣ˵˼ֿڵʱձ޲볡ˡ
ΧٶħۣǶǽƣкܶСǺ޲üͼڼճһλõġ
ϾôѾȥ֮ҲʧǵλҲóˡ
ߣ
һ֣תҪȥ
Ҳȷʵû˼ˣͽ˳Цˡ
ڳĹڵظææվ޲˲뿪طһϢ
ȻڹվʱͻȻ䣬һö쳹ȫʲôսû
ڳħ΢΢һ׷תͷȥȴ˵ˣȫɺڰеŮӣڤʥħŮ


2121 ֱʥ
ţ
ͣʥһۣѾ˲õԤˡ
ʥĵǹڣһҪսҵİɣһʼɣ
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ǿЦ˼ؿڣĺɫָײ£һһԨħͨõڡ
˵ʥħŮ˵ЦˣʤѾʥħŮ½ޣսʤλħʵѾǺڰԨĵһ콾ûбҪԽݣҹһССϳˣοϣԭͻΪĶѡ֮ǰʥħŮ¶еʵڱǸˡ
һ仰ʥ֮䣬¶ʥ򣬾ǲݣǿ
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һ˵ԨħʥĪݺݵĵһۣں˵˵Щʲô£ɣ
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˵ô࣬˵ԼⷬĿģսʥڤڤעĶԾҲΪ˸ԼӮûᣬԹĴ֮ħ֮Ĺ
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⣬ǻش⣺Ӯң֮ǰԼѾҾ˫޴ˣⷽ˵ѾǰڤĵӣټԼȷʵӵͬĴǡӮô
ʥһ仰ĿѾһ˿⣬Ȼر𣬵˫ޡ
ʵϣ˫޺۶ĸԨħʥԥĽѹ
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2122 콾֮ս
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һһǧ꣬ͻȻټʥӰһԼ˵׶оŮӡ
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ʥչ⵹óеһʱ䰲һЩԭΪһ˲սУʥһжѡ
Ȼʵȴ⣬ʥչ˺ʹ֤ҪúʹѪ
ֻǶԸһλħбҪô
ʱҲԼһ˺ɫĹǹ
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2123 ħ
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2224 ׷һ
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һ죬صײڤһĹĻϣùĻһҵ
ȳһѪֳŰǹӴһһڤתϣ
۵
ڤת־ҵ̧ͷʥû뵽ʥȫ·ʱ򣬻óʽ
ʱԭӵʥʱҲɫ΢΢԰ףȻղŶþŴת֮Ҳɡ
תЧô
ԼתԸȫӡü֮䣬ͬһʱ䱬ƽʱ֮
ĴתԼģǡʥ䡷ԭʥģкܴĲͬ
ˣҲתѶȼԽڰתھתҲԽѡ
ʥܷһɱ䣬ΪսλħӦøɴתھתйء
ʥ˵ڡʥ䡷ϣѾ˼µˡ
ǡʥ䡷顷˫չ棬һַĳɾͣͱʥѷˡ
֪ʥ׼ȷ䣬ŹΪ꣬䣬ߵһδпܱƽ·˵ľˡ
о㵣ʥеľȴ
ղŵľתѹ׵ľУһʩչпɱλħ
ǻܣˣǿܻɱ
ʽʥԭս̨ϵ¶ʵ̫ǿֶξȴûռϷ磬Ųʹˡ
Ҳûһܶشֻƾʤ֡
Ȼǣһ֮ȴƺûʲô£վ
ңʥĸ֪ʼϵԼһоԭϢĽȴڱɡ
ڣ·һһеĺɫУĥԼߵʥ䷨Ҳڱķֽ⡣
ôģ
뵽֮ǰһǹԼ׷ʥò˼飬ǰߵȶħڷϣȻﵽ˾磬ѵ츳üĵö۾йأ
ʥ󲻳ʲôѪܹ쵽̶ֳȡ
ʥԾڤĳǣҲЩסˣʥתǵȻڤųϣһҲҪСӦԣҴ⣬ȴˡ
һٶȡϴﵽ˼£ڷ棬Ҳô죬ֱ⡣
ʱ򣬸սħһ·ˣֱۺͼ˿ڣ⿪ʼ䶯
ħʱչֳǿĿͻָ
ʥĽָ̺˾תԸһħմ֮ˣ֮ܵסȴʱʼָ̫ˣ
ʥĿһиܵ˳صѹԤеһսޱȼѣ˵Ļ䣡
ˣǣҪ˫ޣ
뵽ʥθһڣµĸо
¶ĸоر¸һڤڤеϵʥҲԲܽܣͬ
Ǹɱһܡ


2126 ıƴ
һʱ䣬ս̨ϵ
жħĬʥ˴ʵš
˿ϡ
ڳսĶħĿֱۼҪˣʱЩסˡ
ʥħŮڸʲôôۿǸһ޸ȴ֣ʱ򻹽ʲôô˵ˣѾǹƽԾǸھųʥħŮ´ˣҪԭ쾭壬ʥħŮô֡
Ķħ˵ʼ֧ʥĶħӶ࣬˭ϣӮġ
ʥħŮ²ǲ֣ǲ֣ܳΪʥħŮ¸ղҲĲСսôס
һ곤Ķħп˵սһѾǰȻ׶ˡ
ʥղŵĽ֣Ѿ˻ˣ
սȥٲһĻǾȼջ׼ıԴѪΪ۵սˡ
ڱȶУΪǷ棬Ͼֻд裬ɱģͬھɫʵսʽֹΪʽãҲãҶôãս͵òʧˡ
ߵһ㣬ſʥʱʥӿһϢĲŵ
ղþתں˾ԸͬھŸʥһ֣ʶĵĶħ֮Ҳȫһľű֮࣡
һ߻߶ħһιͼҪԼĸˡ
ʥֻɫ΢΢԰ףڻĻָţΪӵʥ䷨֮ʥѪͬƳö࣡
һĻħУǶоľˡ
ָˣʥҲǣ
ʥٶȿ£ҲǱ̬ģ
ı̬֣㲻κһ㣬ΪǾû㣬κ㣬Ϊܱԭ
ôԨ˭棿
Ҳ䣡
ʥĿ˸ɭɭ⡣
˭ͬӮ˭˫ޣ⻰Լ˵ģҲڤ϶Ȼܷڡ
ЭЭҲãֻȫԸƾԼϢĸɡ
ɺϵǣʱҲ˴㡣
ʥɱﵾתӦһ֣ȻˣҵǣʥҲƵƵʹһУϾ̫
һ׼೤ȡʤ
Ȼ֪ʥ̣֮Լ̸㣬Ϊбأ
ñսӲ۷ʱκβʥ
ıʼնڶħ磬ԴԴϵĴݵħڣ˭ܸԼأ
һ̬
ֻҪȴ򣬾ܻʤ
ھһʱ䣬оԼȫ˿Ѿ֮Ȼˣ
ζ֣ǹûгֱһȭ˳
һȭͬһǣֱӺʥؿڣ
ˣ
ħȭ˷УγһһеĺڶɫѪȿֺĴӺڶгʥҧ
ÿһѪ֮ʵڻĵĴ֣
ɷ򣿡
ΧսĶħںڰԨߵȶħյİԵɱ˵ΪԼãɱ˵Ѫ⻯Լϡ
һּаǿ󣬱ܶԨħĽķ
Сӣɷʲô¶ռˣ
ʱûжħѪɷ֮УǸߵȶħı־
Ѫ֣ʥûܣֻüһ壬䣬ֱӽеĴնϣ
꣡
׷ɣѪ䣡
ʥѾ˸ƴȻŹһײƴĻᣬţ֧֮֮£ԼӦֵܼ
ȷʵ̬ⷽ棬δܱȵù
ұḶ́ʵҲһ־Ḷ́־ǿʱܳԽԼļޡ
ʥԼ־ţΪⳡսβ䣡
Ѿû·Ĺѹ£Ƕôĵĸо
䣡
ҵײڤĹĻ֮ʥһϢ֮ͽϰٴΡ
Կ죬սʡԼͬʱĶֵ
ݶٵĽ֣ķǳѸ٣
ʱʥȻҲ˶ԷĴ㣬뵽һȥˡ
ʥսƣǷһ˿΢Ц
ĿĮȴг
ǶԱ˴гţΪǶбƴĵƣ
սԽԽȻԽԽҡ
ħǣֻܿڤйһ籩
Ḷֹ̌Ǹ壡
ôʵ̫С˭κβ˭ֻܽʱʤˣ
ڤһһħϻ˵
ʥħŮµǳ¡˵ͬ׵Ķħ񼶶ħҲȲĶ֣ҲǸϣʲôܷʥħŮ»δӮ
һ˵ڤڲԱĵλʵλ
ϵĵλʥ֮£ʶʥҪþơ
ʱڤȴǺһЦ˵սһҷˣҲҲδǻ¡
Ŷ˵
ڵھųҲ֪ðģһս֮ǲĵϸʵʥħŮޣҲǸ취Ȼܲ⣬Ѫô㣬и˷ô
ǵ취޳ȥڤʥħŮҪĻԨ˭ģھųƾճ֣ȻҲ̫ϲòϣõѡˡ
ڤ˵ţٳ΢΢ס
ȷ˰
ǿȷʵһûѡԨǿߣĸߵȶħżĻ֪жŮԨħ֮͡
ԨǿԶħӵ㹻ʵֵ֧£Ҫħֿ͵Զħܻӭ񱩵ļ⣬ǿ׳壬һ㡣
û뵽ʥ޷Ԩħȫܣ


2127 ʤ
ڤתϣʥĽڳ
ˣżٶȣÿһν֣ǳײ
ʥ˫չΧΧźХĿ磬ӰƮ׽
ಣ
ǹգҰĴʥؿڣᴩ
һ˲䣬ܶħ񾾽ȻһϢǸǹᴩġʥٿʧˣֻǲ
ʥѾһɲǳ䣬Ľ⣬ͬɫĺӿ
һɲǣħ磬аľħϢ·һ죬ħа׺ХմȾ˶ħ֮ӿӭ˽⡣
¡
Ķħ֮ͬʱըʧͷûأǹ󴩳ǹ⻮һ£һȦɱ
ʥ壬һʱͬһ㱻ײеһɣĻħ֮ҵò£˫ֵһ
ݣ
ǿķ£ʥͬһ㣬صײڤĹĻϣħӰ˲ʧˡ
ͬʱǹǼ䲻ݷײʥʧֲ֮ıըٶȱ
ս֮ңڳħĿϾӣ
ħ޷ʥսֻ̣ǲڤĻйĻΧֵĶħӰһսж༤ҡ
ʱ䲻ϵš
һʱʱ
˼ҵսôãûκδϢ֮
ÿһжӲӲʥƾԼǿĻָ֧һս
ʱƣʥԽԽо㤣
սȷʵԤһӣĵĽࡣ
Ԥϵ˹̣ȴδԤϵ
ʵ̫ˣģ˵һ𼶶ħҲѾ;ƿˡ
ȴܼ֣ԽսԽ£
ʥڼʥ䷨Ȼ죬νϢҲ޶ȵġôȥо֧ŲסģԼ
ʥٶȣѾ
һĻħУڤʥħŮϣȻ˹ڵھųϡ
ǿʵһҪ֡
ʵͷβӸо˵ҪʥһЩΪ͡ʽģҪʥ
ȼֲסģҲʥ
꣡
һɢɢâһ˲䣬еİǹͬһֱʥߣ
һĹǶȼΪ꣬Ȼʥȴûܣ߳ȻչŰǹֱ
꣡
ҵײ𣬰ǹ棬Ƭ׷ɣ
ʥ߳ҲǹᴩѪ죡
һɲǣһݣʥһǽƾûжöħ֮ĳҲᱻԼһǹ˺ѡ
ʱʥֱֱۣӼס˰ǹϸ󣬽ִİǹΧһȦʥôǹ˽ļҸ£
ǣ
ʥΧ飬һֻ˺Хŷɳ˰ǹ֮ϣһʱ䣬ǹѸٵĶ밵ǹϵҲеԼȻһ٣ĺ˷ӿ壬ʥٶȿֻһΣѹ£ȫϣʣǴƴһ
һʱ䣬ʥüĴתâʢ
գһɲתٶԻת磬Щһ𣬿Կ֮Уɽľޣ
ÿһ磬һŵʥʥתԸ
Ÿʥ˫ֺʮһͬޱϡ
һɲǣǵԸһͬһɫǺӴ䣬к
һô
ͫȻʥϧƴˣסԼʽΪڽ룬óתԼĶԾΪ֣޷սʤˡ
һʱ䣬ۿǾתǺӻ۳ɽԼ䣬ֹˮ֮ѪȻȼ
ͬҲޱĹĶħ֮У
۾âܻ֣֮ħ֮ںϺֱ֮˾޴Ķħ̣ڶ
ӿĶħ֮Уһħͷ֣ƶһת֣ûĶħӰ
гǧĴħӵڼ䣬˻УҲںͼڶħĵѪ⾫
Ŷħתֵת˫Ƴ
עȫĶħ֣֮ӭʥľת
ǣ
ħ֮иھת֮ϣǳҪ飬ڲ
ҵײ֮УԸħѹһеĴ־ʼĥ
һеķһĹߣռ䡢ʱ·ɴĳ⼤䣬γۿɼ֮⣬ֱкڤ֮ϡ
ڤĹĻĲΪ֮ǰʱģʮͼд洢ԭѾˣĳ֮£ڤǳܲס޴ƻ˺һϸСȱڣ

Χγɵȹ̹ĻĶħӰһ̷׷ױ飬һһķڤ֮й⼤䣡
ЩʥÿһſµĴ͸֮޼᲻ݣ
Сģ
жħʵһЩĶħԣЩһܺĽǹᴩҪǵ
ħ׷׺ˣ񵲡
ʱЩ񼶵ĳȴһ̤ǰſħ֮еĹ
Ȼĸͼ죡
ڤüͷһ壬ڤΪڤڴԭʥƲȴӲİд洢ľˡ
ʱ֮Уʥλײģ˶ȫѪ
ʥദսѣ
ʱƺӲңȫѪתԶħ֮ӹ壬弸
Ȼ˵ĸأȴʣĸ࣬Ϊħ磬;ԴԴϵħ
ĵڡ
ʥΪ֮ǰľ޴ģټһľתѾɫ԰ףǿ֮ĩˣ
һڰǹȻһģʥ£ǹ
꣡
ڰǹǹϵĺ飬ͬǹϸǵĹǼҲ㱬
Ȼһ飬ǽǹг
ʥüһһ˿ѪڰǹһɲǣұҸ£ΪĶϹиѾѪģ
кâһڵ֮ڣȻ̳һǹǹϹӺգֲԣĿޱȣʥû
ʥͫһһ̣ܵ
һɲǶķ֮⣬ƮĻ꣬ڹӰ֮еʥںɵӡ
ͷ裬ǿûܶǰɫıʥɽһ㣬
Ŀ⣬ûп˸źâĳǹǿӡ
˫УĵӰӰ
һ˲ĳķ·𱻴ʲôڰǹ㵽ʥüĵһɲǣֱһŤǹ΢΢ƫתʥմ̳
ۣ
һǹصĴڤĹĻ֮ϣԭͺĸڤҲܲסһǹֱӴ͸
ǣ
ڹĻ֮ϣϸܵͬһӿѸɢ
ֻһɲǣ޵һĹĻըˣ꣬׷ǳ˸
޾Ĺ֮Уʥնǹǹ⣬ʥΨһ֮ж˿
ʱƺɲǾֹˡ
ʥ˫Ŀ֮ӿֳһɡ
ˣ潻УǰܸһΪ͵ĸߵȶħ
Խܣһ̣ƺһ˵ĸоʥзͣǰǹĶħ˷룬ȻߣȴȫԷ
ڤγɵĹ껹Ʈ䣬ս̨ΧȫѻȸսѾԣһǹ֣ʥ͸޷վˡ
ӮˡӮˣ
ڵĳϺµӣεĸоںڰԨѾһڤʥħŮȻǹڵĳԽ״ˡ
ζţǹڣҪڤˣ
뵽ڰԨйڤʥŮִţǶ֮͵ߵȶħܶڵ̲סһڿˮ塢ͬʱҲһж̫λˡ
ڹΧСǼʵۺ졣
ʱѾô˵ˣԨʵ壬Ѿ֤ԼʵֻҪ䣬δĳɾܳʥĺˣ˭ͷ㡣
ʵϣЩ֮ǰĶħǣо﷢飬ǶΪɺϡ
ʥħŮ£ˡ
һڤϸпв֪ʲôζ
Щʧ䣬ҲЩڴδ˭˵׼ء
ô죿гڤš
ڤŰ˰֣˵ô죬ȻǾٰ˫޴ˣ£Ҫ㱨ײβӦǻ㱨ˣ㱨ϡ
ڤڤ֮ϣλ񼶵Ķħϣڤڤ֮߾ˡ
Ϊڤٳ֣꼸ʧ٣ڤߣʵλ񼶳֡


2128 
ڤתϣ׷ĹʧΧԨĶħӡϣûзӦս֮ϣܶħ׷ţʱ˿̵ĳ棬֮ǰζû뵽ġ
ڤλǲǿˣ
ʱ򣬹ڵĴվһʱħĿ⡣
ʣü¶һ
ܶԹڵλЩдϣЩӣǼʺͲʵ顣
ִڤгЩΣڤת֣սʤߣڵھųϣ
ɼžħŷֱ֣ڣǶ֪ڤھųϵ׽ʲô֡
ô֮ڤλǰɣ
һοڣڤ೤ϣʥһһɨʱڤɫ죬ʥɫЩࡣ
ոΪһǹлΪ÷ϤϢԼͻȻֵ˲䣬һ֮Уһּץסȴץסĸо
ʥҪеںδͻȻϵ仰ԴĸоʱȻ޴ˡ
˫֮УֵӰ˻ħĺɫϸŵۼѾѶദ˫۹۶ϣȫѪҪԼغܶࡣ
ɫͫʣҲעԼ
ʱѾޱָСȻԱʮɿ׳˶ĸʥֻؿڡ
ʥʵԽܣһսʤԼõԼʵ

ʱڤųϴЦŲһΣֱӳڤתϣʥм䡣
˵òȻڵĵھųӮˣôԵгŵڤʥħŮڵھųϾ˫޴䣡
ڤųˬĴӦ⵹úܶСĶħЩˣһЩħˣжǳƣȻ֪ʥ޸Ҳֲǣ֪ڰԨŮ񣬽һԶħѹȴԽܣָоͷ·ǿĶҪȾһ㡣
ʥڤųϵĻƤһ£һۣȴû˵ֻеĹʣЩ⡭
ڤųˬ죡ЦôҹھͱƸ񣬽¶ˣΣ
̫ˣǿԴӳһȻҪ¡ʢһЩ
ڤųϣȻʥĴ飬ǶڤҲǳ顣
ڵ顭˵һ٣Ǵ͵ڰѻڸˣҹζࡣ
Ȼ˵ֵĪӮʥжħɵӣô˵ǹڵĳϣܹ˳ڤĴϾǺġ
ϾڹΣأ֪ǣǷֱȡ֮
ϻļڣħ֮ĹһУЩʱ䣬ð˫޴ĻȻִЩҲδأ
ڤ°ͣĿһۣԣħ֮Ĺгٰ˫޴ʣϾħ֮Ĺ̫Σգʲôܷ
ȻڤſľţҲӲúܣ벻ħ֮Ĺгʲô飬ܹǰ˫޴䣬Ҳ֤ڤΣպùϵкܴİ
ڤźһԣһۿżҪճˡ
ʱʥԵˣٲ˵ٹ죬Ҫħ棬ˡ
Ϊħ֮ĹһУиڤйϵۼһʱ䶼ˡ
Զħ֮Ҫ̸̸
̸ʲôһʥӣһĸо
ָоܸӣƺڶȤζڱĿУǲɱģҲжʥ˵壬㺡
ʥӡ󣬾ȡԼ֮ʱת뿪ʱȻ
оǣԼʧȥ;ƿݵı˲䣬ڸܵģʥıԴůͳʵ
Щ޷֮ȱʧ£͸ֻأ޳ɴתָ
ʥо֮ʹǱʶʥмʥֹʥ
һ߰صŮӣΪԼԭԱеĸ߰Ϊ˫޵Լź;ʧ룬һֱĿ⡣
ò˵ô࣬Ҳ԰֮顣
˭ʲô֣ʥ
˭㲻Ҫˣ֣ҵھųϾͿˡ
ʼûʥԼݣԸʥʥϾǻ۵ˣָڤǧ˿ƵĹϵпԨħԼȫȫĵжӪ
£޷֤ʥܵвջ󣬱׷۷ǰ᲻Լ
οָоʥһ̶ϣۿˣһֱ飬۶֪£ʥ֪ԼݣǸΣ֮
ĻʥüȻĻش
ô˵ǶҪٰ˫޴ˣԷȻֶԼ
Ҹף
ʥ˵ѾøƤˣԭжĪһЩøУѾȻ޴档
ʥԼ˵Ϊλ¶аҰϢԨħôһĺøС
ʲôףƤ̧𣬵һ䣬ȴ΢΢⡣


2129 ʥ
ʥޱ˵ҿԸ˫޴䣬һҾˮˮҲȥ飬ҲҪҡ
ʥⷬڶУоЩЦɱԲһԼԶħʥͬ龰ֳ棬Ҳ޹ʥܽˡ
뵽Ƿһ΢ĻȣƵʵƾʲô
ĻζƵΪʱʥЩŭ
Ȼô˵ʵҹԼµģ֪ڽı̬Ĵ
жǲò˵츳죬ԨŮħŮŮ㶼ֿɵãֻҪ¶Ը֪پɫԸ˫ޣȱһҲκ飬ΪṩְֻҪ㲻ңԸΪ˸ۣ
ۣ
һԭμⳡսΪ֤ԼļֵΪԼӮ֮ħ֮Ĺʸ
ڶʥԼʵ
زܸͬԼʵ̫̫ˣһַǳסʥͬʱʱʱ˫ӣ֮䣬ҲĶԾ
˵֮Σ֮ǰʥԼµĹ򣬸ʥϵȴûпǹʥˣǽеһΣҲ֮µѡѡ
ʥ㺣ôжСħɵĸҲǰʥйȥʲôͳΪ
ڣʥȴЩ⶯ˡ
˵˵Ը⸶Ĵۡ°ͣ˹˵Ȼ֮ΣǾΪڸʥжӪȻҪȡһжԼĶ
ᣬֻҪ̫֣Ҿ㡣ܴӦʥ΢΢һҲԼĻʨӿڡ
ЦʵдˣǼװԥһʥħʯҲȱǼƷʯҲûȤѪҩʲôģҲ㹻ˡҲˣҲδṩõģƺȫ£û̫ҵġ
ĻֻΪ˽ƣȻʥУȴЩ̶
һ䣬ƺȫ£û̫ҵġһŮˣͷˣʥȴɫ䣬꺮һ
ü˵ˣҪ󣡡
ţãˬһЦȻҲ֮ΣҲ֪˫ޣ۶㣬Ƕңʵкܴٽã㶩ģҰˣȴַڣôӦõӦĲһоת㽣̺Ϣ˫⾳ҶܸȤҵǣĦһ£
뿴ȫġʥ䡷ˣһǧǰڻõġʥ䡷ʵֻнɫҳĸƱڼĺ飬ƤûȫƾʥԼԺµıԴ䣬俴͸ֻصľһһġ
ԼĶȻʺԼϾʱ䣬ԣܱȵȫġʥ䡷
Ҫʥü𣬰ԣʥ䡷ʺԨħ뵽֮ǰ͸ʥ䷨֣ʥȴɣĽʥ䡷ԷĻܲĶ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣͻ˫طΪĸҲܸ㣡
ʥһڻؾ΢΢û˵ˣʥҲЩ飬ûпڣ̸£ĻҲ֪ôճ
ʵ鲻ͬǵԼʧˣǴȥĻڻҲࡣ
һйͻַֻҪͿˣҶԼģҪϢˣʺҡ
ʱ׳ԼʼɫҳˣôҪҪģֻ顣
ʵڽڰԨʱҵ˰ǰʥŮµŹǣǹͷϣƿʥ䷨Ĺġ
ıϾǹģΪ֮󣬷ķģԭʼ裬ʼȱʧؼԵһΣʥϲ롣
ʥҧ죡ֻʱ䣬٣Լˣ
ʥòʱջԭٸߣҲѷӲȫ
ûԭֻԼȴ⴫֮վ̫߳ɾ͡
ʥ뷨ûκ⣬ȴ»һЦ˵ã졣
Ѿ㹻ˣΪʥļ䣬Լ򣬻ǰʥĹ֮УѾ̵⣬Ҫģֻú֮еļأһڻͨ
סĻ
ʥȻͬ⡣
˽ôʱϺڤųϣѾˡ
ʥѣֱӵλϣһ䣬ڴ飬뻹Ƿħ֮Ĺһ֮ɣ
Ļڤһ¡
šʱȣһħ֮Ĺǰһʱ䣬úһľٰ˫޴ˡ
ĻʥĿһ㣬˫޴䶼ӳһЩȻٺòˡ
ڤſʥֻʥҲ΢΢ͷҲͬ˵
ڤſ˵ʲôվסˣʥΪⳡĵˣȻȨڡ
ʵ˵ǣ˫޴䣬ħ֮Ĺ֮ǰ˾Ϳʼ˫ޣ˵ΪĴٽأ
ڤûж˵ȻҲʶȤı졣
ʱͻȻ˵ڤųϣҼǵʥħŮ¿ս֮ǰԼսʤʥħŮ£ôͻʥħŮͬ ĺĵӵĴ
ڤűΪ˵飬û뵽ͻȻԥһ£˵ͷ˵ԭڤ˵Ļ˭ʵ˭͵õ࣡οѾڤʥħŮ飬Ҳڤİˣ֮ǰŵģȻ
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һֱ֣֮ӳС
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⡭ǣ
֮飡
صȫ
֮סģֻҪħ֮ĹȻ֣ᷢȻˣ統óϣȻҪڤµĹ֮Ĺˡ
ڵλո֤Լʵһսټ֮ԭԼҵģô֮鶼У
֮ĳ֣ȫȻ
ħվŵĿеĺ飬ʧټʮ֮飬Ȼڽ챻ҵˣ
ǲζԭѾձɽĹڣµõŵˣ
ټһճһҹ֮䷢˷츲صı仯ԭϣˣ


2130 
֮飬㾹Ȼ֮飡
ڤſֿ˿ϡ
ʱһɫӣԶ֮ĳû⣬ڤŶʱˣʵΪ֮飬Ҫ½ĵھųλҪսʥڤġ
֣Һÿ࣡
ڤ˵ţȴЦѣڤŶȻΪԼ֪ʵǿҲ֪Ӯֻװ֪ˡ
ԩˣҲûνĽֻͣЩûʧĿе֮顣
Ȼţǽ֮ħ֮ĹĻᷢʲô˭˵
ȻϣܹͨڰĿ飬Ϊͼڼħ
ĳ֮ڴʲôЩ㷲ʱһͳڵͬʱһԪϵҲˡ
ڤųϣҴ֮ħ֮ĹӦûɣ
˵ڤˣ˺һ
ʱĿУ󱲱ЩˣʵѾ̶ֳȣٴ֮ħ֮ĹҪͨ˺ڰĿ飬ǲˡ
û⣡ڤųһ֣ص˵
ʱʥҲĿøԭ֮飡
ǡƳʥһۣȴԷƺ̾һ
һ̾Щԣʥ̾ʲô
ʥĬãƺʲô˵ȻֹվҡͷӦ֪֮ħ֮ĹĴ۰ɣ
Ϊʸ֮ģҺ
Ȼ㲻ı⣿ʥʡ
Цˣ㲻ҲҪһ֮ħ֮ĹôȻ㶼ı⣬ΪҪı⣿
ҡʥһ̾Ҹ㲻һȰ㣬Ƿɡ
ΪʲôüʥȰ棬֣Ϊоʥʵ츳ԭ
ˣŲˣ
ʥûٻشˣĻȻҲ֪һЩԼ֪顣

֮ıȶˡ
ģСıƴЩȶ漰һЩ𼶶ħ
ħ֮ĹĲȫҲħǵĿ꣬ħ֮ĹǳһЩСԵǲ뵽ͼڶħеĽС
ڣҲһĵӣҲ뵽Сս
Ϊ϶࣬Щɱһµʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ڱչؾޡ
סԺӣʥСԺֻʮɶѡ
ںڰԨҰͿţԨħʮԶΪ
ǹڻڤʥȻѾ飬ʵסһ˫ҲʲôǵԺӰŵôҲΪ˸ˡ
ʥ˫ʲôħ֮Ĺ֮УȻкôˡ
Ȼʵϣʥص֮УûٸԷ˵ʲôˡ
ΨһĽ棬ǰʥļ֮£ԭԭĿһԭеķġֺͷȫӡԺ֮С
ԭɬȻѾ֮м˽ԣסȫѡ
ʱ򣬾ħ֮ĹĿԽԽ
Сʥ䡷ͬʱԺҲʱʱʥҸ档
Щ죬˲֮⣬ҲһЩħ֮Ĺϡ
ħ֮Ĺʱ䲻ʱǧͿһΣʱ꣬ӽʮſһΡ
ҪΪѰҼ֮鲢ô˳
ڹȥļʮħ֮Ĺļʮο֮У˶ͼڼħĵġ
˵ħ֮ĹʲôΣգʥ϶ԼȥμӺڰ俼Ļô⼸ʮ¶ʲôԨħܹͨڰ䣬񼶶ħΪͼڼħ
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ⲢȻЩϱúԿ̽
ڼͼڼħء
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ͱħġажħ˵ˣҲжħ˵ţĪһǡ
ڤġڤĻţǼڤ񼶳ϣеһûмڤ
дħס顱֪ͼڼħеһ
ĴħռޱȹĴأһʵڤ֮޲
ʵϣħҲȷʵųΪԨһΪףҲͼڼһС£Χ˳Ϊڤ˵֡
顱Ϊʷϼأڶʮǰͨ˺ڰĿ飬ħ֮Ĺ֮нΪµͼڼħ
һϿħ֮ĹҲǾԵأ⼸ʮȻеͼڼħ٣ҲûС
Ĵڣøɻˣͼڼħܴħ֮Ĺ߳ôʥĸʲô˼أ
ʥӦò֪ԼݣΪԼԨħҲ˵ΣգôΣգҲԨħġ
ΪԨħħ֮ĹԵΣգԨħûвġ
޲ΣգܻԺһ㣬ôڰԨҲŪһؾ֮ʵǿǱһȺħڰԨɡ
벻ף˺ϣͼڼħģһޱأڴħг֡
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ЩϢҡͷڰԨħ֮ĹƺʲôܣȻصΣʲôҪ߽ȥһ̽
ĻᣬܷΪûʱˡ
Ъıչأ
£ħ֮ĹԽԽˡ


2131 ڤͯ
ҹʥ֮ޱߵĺɫ֮Уǧ˿ɢŵ㡣
·кڰԴȪΧκιâֻҪɵøɸɾ
ʥڲϵĻΪ׼ڵΪʵѾܽܽˡ
ҹˮʥȻ֮УȴĸоΧ֮еţĸоھλòԶתʼ٣ƺʲô籩һ㡣

ʥ˫Ŀźڰķ䣬ĳ
ڵķ䡣
ʥã̾һ̾ϢҲ̾ϢԼЩ̫꣬ˣû֪޵ͬʱֻء
ʱڰķ֮УεĶħͻȻЩͻȻһγһСУеģһӵͭ
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һ죬ͭϣֳһɫĿռ֮š
ռ֮žתɵĺɫâ·̫޵ľ޿ڣЩ
һĻʥ΢΢üԭ˼п±Į
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һӿռ֮дǸдԵʮö
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ĳ֣һƬƺ֮ӯĽŲһĶħԸ֡
ħڤ˴ɳģμħ֮Ĺһеڤͯ
֮ǰڤں;ĹٰȶУڤɳ˰ʥڵ֣УΨһһλ񡪡ڤͯ
ΪڤͯΪ̫ߣڴ֮Уûĸ۵ĳϸսڤͯǷ׷ѡ˿ʥ󱯲ҵķ֣ʥҲǸˣѡʥֵĸħϣȫûˡ
ʦõʵԽԽˣۿҪͻ񼶣ʦĳʱԼδʦõĶˡ
ڤͯǺЦţ͡
ȫԨħڤͯԨħ˵ӣͳɳƣ˶Ĥ졣
ڤͯ˵ʮеǫǫӣ崺硣
ǣʥȴĿһ˿֮ɫޱ˵Ϊ˵İɣ
šȻǡ
ڤͯ˵ţȡһöɫŪ˼¡
ħ֮ĹֻһˣǸǵķֹȷϣʦܺúҡ
ڤͯе׵ʥУǷһ˿ζЦ⣬ʥӹ򣬸֪һɨеݣֻһϢ֮䣬㽫ˡ
ʥûʲôʾֻǡžһ飬ƽ˵֪ˡ
ţܺãڤͯͣЦ⡣
ǰʥ̲סĳ鶯˼±ӣЩ˵ԴʦõΪԽԽߣټϴתԲʦϵϢԽԽ˰
ڤͯ٬δʥʲô鲨ֻǱĿڤͯкâ˸
̫ˡڤͯƺԾȤֵǸڵĵھųϻе㱾£͵õأϧǴˣպҲûлˣ
ʥڤͯķϻ˵֪Щһֱڵڵھųϵݣ鵽ô
鲻ڤͯҡͷҲ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ츳㻹һС㣬ȷʵ˼飬ǻ⣬Īҵʧٶ֮һҵ֮ʱûϵʲôǶԣһġ
ڤͯŵ˵ʥĬڤͯûв鵽ڵھųϵϢʥԼʧ䣬ĪĲһ˿˿Һϣ
ԭصĵھųʲô⣬ĲôڤͯҪǰˡ
еϣʥ˵ֻǾĩ֮УһЩϵģͬѰδ֪أǻ˸еδ֪ؿܻʲôתɡ
֮ǰģʮô
ڰԨʮǴһϢǳס
ʥԨħ뿪ڰԨȻɱˣѾܾúܾãû뿪ڰԨˡ
֪йʮϢҪѯڤͯ
ڤͯҲ뿪ڰԨȴһЩķõйʮϢ
Ц˵ʮ죿ӣûʲô仯
ڤͯĻʥ΢΢Ĭʥսڼô
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ûʲôת
ʲôת廹棬컯ʥʻڱչأǴѾ˰ɣڣҲˡ
ڤͯĻʥУЩ̶
ĿڤͯһۣƺıпʲôȻڤͯ˫ɫͫУֻз̺ͳŪ
ʥԸڤͯĻȴ֪ڤͯ˵һУʵҲܵʵ
תǲ漣
ʥҡͷȥˡ
ʥ̬ڤͯЦˣζ˵ʦǲǹʮʲôˣʲôأ
ʥٻش˫ۣޡ
ˣʥĮ
ڤͯȴԹԵ˵ǺǣʦûǱ˼ˣֻҪԹԵģø飡Ӧ֪ʮ췢ʲôû壬﷢һУֻǴǰ־ˣδҪΪ˵㣬ʮ죬ҲǵģŵĳֻϻĳֻϣǶԣ塣ɽ鱩ʱϾͻᱻǿ׳ϣҲһģ
ڤͯĻָ
Ȼʥȴ·ûƵģڴϢڤͯǷһȣ̰Ŀ˱Ŀʥһۡ
ʱͻȻһоΧеĶħ֮Ȼ
ǡ
ڤͯĸ֪˷ȥЩסˣʲôˣʱͻƣ


2132 λ
ʱڤ֪ͯҰУؼĶħ֮ĻϿ۳һ޴ĺɫС
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ԽԽĻһִա
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ȻǹڵھųǿʵǱ֤
ʱΧסŵģСԨħҲע⵽յı仯
λϵĶħãһЩλ𣬽ĶħеĶħƣܵһɾ޴ѹڶħ֮ĸо
ʥħѾΧȥǲòһˣѹѹڵء
ô£жħʵһЩӣֱܷѹʲô
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ںܶͼħͻѹܿλĳϽλ
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СϵУ¶ŨŨļζǴӷȷˣͻƵģԷԭʵǿͻƣ֪ܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ڵھųϣ
ܶ͵ȼħӡǣԨһ콾һȢʥλڰԨŮ
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ͬ񼶵ˮ׼ƾǱ޴
λҲǾͷˡ
һ񣬾ͿԴﵽ񾳽Ķˮ׼
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еĶħвûгãем䣬ʼһ޴©ģ졣
ħ֮©εӿкˮһ㵹סͥԺ
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ǵصѹҲ
龰һʱʱеľ޴ɫħпʼС
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ͷϳǣȫĹǼ׺
ֱۣÿһֱϣɳǴ̣󣬻һԾ޴ħչڱƬ죡
ڵӰֻԶħʽͻƣӰҲ˶ħҲںսһϢʹƾˣħ
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ǴĶħʱҲоȫѪᣬҪֹͣˡ
ָоΪ£ƺǸ޴ħӰֻҪһۣǾͻҷһ㡣
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ħųһЩΪģΪͻȻѹʧֱ̱ڵأڴڵĴϢš
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޴ħӰʧ֮Ѿ»ָԶмƮ·ʲôû
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ǰͻȻðĹڳϣʥֻΪǹֱЩĺϧˣǣ
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ڰ֮Уֻзڷ裬ʲôû¡


2133 ħ֮Ĺ
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ΪϵͳԵ֮ǰйͻۣڶ̶̵ļµʱ䣬Ƶı
ʥ䷨ͻͽ֮ģ巭츲صı仯
֮ҲԲڡ
ڣΪǧĿתʥ䷨ϣѾʥй֮޲
ֻΪʱԭڶʥ䷨ȣӦ÷棬ʥȴһЩ
ڰԨӭħ֮Ĺӡ
ħ֮ĹλԨʮ˲㡣˵ĹأʵһƬ쳣磬Ļ۸ӣΣҲ
ڳڤ۸ħ֮Ĺ·ϣڤ㷢ħ֮Ĺнħ֮Ĺϸ򣬻ݳ·ߣںڰʥȵмֵϢ
Ȼ֮ǰѾħ᳤õ˲ٹħ֮ĹϢ˸׼ö֮ǸоĪ𺳡
ΪϵϢйħ֮ĹģйںڰԨأԽǧģʷļء
˵ħ֮ĹڰԨͬʮϵһؾ
ڵѾɿʮ죬Ǵʱ䳤ؾѾ˲ˣϿԱΪʮϵؾ
ħ֮ĹĴޣȴǧ꼶ģ
ܴһǧ굽ǧǰʹˡ
ħ֮ĹϸԪ硣
ܻ㣬ɽӺǳǧ磬
ʮ棬Ҳվһ١Ϊ
һδ֮󣬾һµԪ
µԪݻµĴ棬ݻµµ壬µǴֻء
ΪִʮѾǧˡ
ǰϹſʼǵչʢ̫壬Ҳ鲼ʮ죬Ǹʱʮǻʢ
ħ֮Ĺϵļأ̫ʮ֮ǰһش棬ʮء
ԭסԳΪħһ壬ǵҲΪħ档
ħһѪɱսҲչʢӵǿʢ
ҲǵվҪٵġ
ʮضħٵʱûжħҴֲϱƽ˶ħһͷϵһ
ҲһǧǰҲãħһ嵮һǿߣ̫ǿˣħ֮Ĺļأǰ޹˺ߵǿߣ·ˣ޷֮ȡ
Ƕħһ񣬴һʮضħ沢Ķ棬棬ӵϵķʮһȹ̡
ˣȡʮ˿Ŵμӣʮضħпʼ֮ħ֮ĹΪһʮضħķ档
ħһںΪħ
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ħħĳԣ磬Ϊ֮ʱı
Ǽħ񣬹ƾԼ磬Ҳ޷ʱĻ
ԣħҪȥĶħһ峬ǿߣǽ֮ʱҪħ棬ħʬ⡣
ڵħı߽ͿռУϼӹħ档
ɢķҲħ淨Уⷨ򲻶ϵƣԿʮضħʱķ
ʱ䣬ħȥĳħԽԽ࣬ʵħĹأټĴħħ棬ںΪħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮Ĺ˵ǧ̫ħѪΪʯ磡
ħ֮Ĺϵ׳ԽԽȹ̣ʱ򣬴ˡ
İʱ䣬Ϊħ֮Ĺﵽ£ħһ壬ʼѪķ
ʮضħĵ͵ȶħɳɱǵѪ硣
ʣĸߵȶħħ֮Ĺʱ̣ǵͬħ֮Ĺһ𣬶Կ
ǳɹˡ
ٵʱ̣оųϵĸߵȶħܲסطĳڵĶħͶħͬħ֮ĹУΪħ֮Ĺһ֡
ʣµĸߵȶħҴħ֮ĹϢ
ʮ˿ŴμӣҲһһγ˺ʮ˲ڰԨ
ҴĶħһ壬ǺԨħ
ħһ˵һ壬ʵΪݻǵеķ֧Ҫ̫廹ҪӰٱ
е͵ȶħߵȶħǻ۶ħǻ۶ħǧ
ΪϸԪͿʼ۵ԺڰԨʵޱǿǵȻϾںڰԨ֮С
ʵ꣬ħħ֮ĹʱѾˡ
ħһ壬ȹ֮Ҫµ棬񣬼ס
Ȼڴ֮ħ֮ĹȻȴڿ񱩵У޸Ƽһˣޱ߻ʧ˷
ڰԨǶħһĳսǼѵƶ޴սޱ߻εֱҵʮ档
ƿʮ̾Ϣǽ
Ҳ˰ǰڰԨʮ̫ʥսĻ
ⳡսľħ֮ĹѾûмˡ
ȴѾµ֪ⳡսʮǻʷҵһս
֪Ϲ콾䣬֪Ϲս
а·ˣڰʥǰȵЩе˷ľ
ǻսʧ٣³δ֪
ʮǻʤˣ̫䣬ʮ棬дˣΪغġ


2134 ̫
޴Ĺ۲ϵƿգ۵糸
ںڰԨʮ˲㣬һеķԶĵϢԶţԽ꣬ǧƾʱ䡭
վڹ۵ĴͷƬĴء
ʮԨħĵжԣġ
ԨħϹħֶΣΪħһ塪һ֧ԭӦŴʧϹҲע浮ɱ
ʮԣԨħߺͻߡ
ԨħԣǱޣ޳⣬쾭塣
ⳡսĶԴѾû壬ΨһľǡԷ
ʮ˲ʮ죬ҰľͷһƬƽԭƽԭһ࣬·Ǳľ޸ˣγ˾޴Ķ£֮⣬һƬ޾ǿգ
ħ֮Ĺڣħ֮ĹλԨʮ˲УھĴء
֮£ǿա
ʱˣԶƽԭϣϺɫıݡ
Щݣһֻֻ޴ˮĸƯھǧɵĸ߿գ룬ڴ֮¡
ǴħĿбݣһ絽ˡ
˵ڤڤųϣһۣĿЩζ
ħ
૵ظţԨÿͬΧСˡ
˷ֱڤʹħΪ𣬱˴˵жԡ
Ԩʮ߲㣬ǻܰƽദżк
ħ֮ĹУж棬ֻһ֡ɱ
Ϊħ֮ĹĻԵͺô
ħ֮Ĺ˵ĵطħ֮ĹУһıΪϹԪģǧϵĶħ
Щħǧǰħһľħڡ
ǾںЩħıѧ޾ķ򾫻
Щ긴Ļϵںϣͣ䱾ƷʣѾﵽ˼ĸ߶ȣĻÿһƶ
Ԩħ֮Ϊħ֮
Ԩħħ֮ĹҪħ֮
ħ֮ԣۼĶˣͻڶħʱԵԻ۳һÿħͬƳȴͳһģǱħͼ
ͼԨħΪͼڡ
аڤ桢ģ󳬼ħᱻΪͼڼħҲΪħ֮ͼڡ
ںڰԨͼڱΪޣԽǿߵı־
һħ֮ĹĶħ۵ͼԽ֤࣬յħ֮Խ࣬ΪҲԽ
ȵħ֮ĹЩͼھͻڣʧǱĬתӶõ޴ĺô
Ԩħħ֮ĹУϣڵõħ֮
ΪħԼħ֮ٶޣõ࣬뵽һַɱĶħӶԷѾպ˵ħ֮
һֽݾ
Ҳעˣħ֮Ĺ󣬻һɱ¾ʢ磡
ħ֮⣬ħ֮ĹȥĺܶϹŸħὫǵĴкͱҲħ֮Ĺ
Щħ˵Ҳһ컯
ˣħ֮ĹУΪޱȵħ֮ﻹᵮҩޣĵرȵԵżõһҲǲϡ顣
ħ֮Уĺڰ俼ʸһеһУⳡɱɱ
ϾҪȥˣħ֮Ĺ󣬼˺˵Ķħ飬ֱɱǡ
ڤų˵еĺˣȻָǴħ֯ˡ
ڤ˵Ķħ˴˼棬ɱǻḶӦĴۡ
ڤų˵ڶ仰ʱ۾˸žĹâ
˶֣˵˵ˣڶħħ֮Ĺʱ򣬾ѾͨڤԼԣͬħ֮ĹɱܵڤԼķͷ
ȻνڤԼʵҲǳͷҲǲɳܡ
˾Եʱͬ˵ĶħҲÿסһжҪЩԵ֧ͷĳɱˡ
νħ֮Ĺڤ˳ԱҲ˼죬Ƕ֪˵Ǳ򡪡жˣȽжˣɵ˶֣ȥڲ䣬ܺƽãĻһС
͹
ڤ˵פظ֮䣬˰룬ҡҡ
ʱ֮ʵɳ˴ӳϣҪħ֮Ĺߵȶħ˻ĹƽԭĶ£Ƕ޾ǿա
Ⱥ֮УĬĬĴź˵Ķħ
˶ħеڤһʮ
ʮħȻǺ˴˴εľ
ʮħǰվһϽս׵ĸߴħףΪӢһۼףһִβ͡
׵ĶħǴħĵ̫ӡ
λ񼶡
һ۴̫ӣлͷȻоԼжϳΪȼʵδʲôοֵ
̫ϣһΣյϢԷʵ±ֳҪֲࡣ
ٺ٣ھųϻ񡣡
ͻȻһƮƮתͷһ˵ģڤͯ
һݣԼղ΢˿ûбϣȴҲڤͯˡ
ĬһֱڤͯЩ죬ڤͯʥһڤͯϣͬܵһΣյϢȴ̫ӣҪһЩ
ɡڤͯЦţתͷȥٿ̫Ӷϣڵ㣬»ݱܷâĺá
ڤͯҸ棬Ц̫ȥ̫ӣþòڤͯдԶˬʵܻص


2135 ħ֮Ĺ
ڤͯʹ̫ǾʶǼ֮һ׺ͺٲ˵ģȻ˭ֻֽ֪ί߰ˣڤͯǴ̫ӣֵǡô·Ǻһ㡣
ʱħ֮ĹھۼԨħԽԽ֮࣬⣬һЩڼзСҲ
ڤʹħҲרΪЩûаȫų⡣
մҲͳߵ֮
ʱħ֮ĹҪˡ
ԭƽĻԭʼңһɹ籩г֣ķϯ
ĳţһͬɽķĿ׷׿ա
ڷ籩ǿʱһִ̧֣ͼЩͼϣƿŶħĸϹʱģħ֮Ĺķͼʵǿħ֮ĹԿס
ͼɵڰǿ֮УųâǵͼâǵУ嫵ǿտʼˮһŤģǺѿһ϶貵ĺڹɢ
Ǻڹ·һкڰԴͷԹź嫣ͬɫĺϹкԭϵǿС
һʱ䣬оԼֽҵʲôҪХ
֪֮ķӦ
ħ֮Ĺʱ֮е֮ͨҪֽ䡣
ҲǼ֮޷صԭڽħ֮Ĺһ̣֮鵽м˭һĿȻ
Ϊ˷ֹֽ䱬飬ֻý֮ó
ݣ
һĺڹֱ֮˺ڰӿУлһ壡
ʱ߲Զâ
âȻ֮顣
Ѿֱ֮֮а֮顣
а֮飬ʥУаħ졣
֮ǰд˵аϣֻ֪ħųķаȷʵˣڰǰʮԨս֮С
һս֮Ϊ˺ţˡ
ֻħϢٵĴźΪ˹Լĵλ
а֮ʥϣ֮ȴڴħϣҲͼڼĳ϶Ƕűŵ֮飬ħ֮Ĺ
֮飬ħ֮Ĺеصϵ
ֳּ֮ĶħõһôǾ֮ͨնħ֮°빦
Ҳǳм֮Ԩħ޵ԭ
ûʵ֧֣м֮
ʶе֮ʱ򣬼˵жħĿͶϡ
ʥеа֪֮ˣ֣֮飬ȴŴϢȻ֪ڤֶһ֮飬ڴ֮ǰǶΪⱾ֮ӦڤͯвŶԡ
ƫƫС
̫ӿڤͯǷһ˿Ц⣬ڤ֣ͯ㻹ǫãȻ֮飬͸ʦʦˣôѵм֮ħ֮ĹĵӶûˣ˵ֻǷųĻʵħ֮Ĺ󣬼֮黹ǻύϣһֻĵưˡ
ָ̫һ˿
ڤ̹ͯȻԣЦ߾֮ȻΪһЩҲֻʱˣ츳ֻ㻹ȴȲڤʥħŮҲȲùڵھųϣ츳ˣȻҪˣʲôֵģ
ڤͯһ󷽷˵úܶħе˼顣
ڤͯ츳Ƕ֪һ㣬һֱز¶ʵʮֿ¡
ʥħŮҲˣҲǳѾãڤ̹ͯԲĹڵھųϡ
ţܶħ˼죬еڤͯĻ֣еģλʵ۾Ѿɱ
̹ȻӭЩ˼Ŀ⣬ڤͯĻֱӰƵ˷˼ϡ
֪ڤͯʲô˵ԼҲǻվڷ˼ϣΪ֮ϡ
Щͷʥԣ׳Ϊʸ֮ģ
ʱڻԭͷ޾ǿ֮Уͼ֮ע֮󣬿ʼ˵
ԽԽңվĻĹƽԭʼ
ʯƽԭѣ޾ǿ֮С
ͼܣڹԽԽʢķڳǵռ䣬һ޼磬ĳħǰ
磬ضϵħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮ĹҪнħ֮Ĺʸ
ħһȹĽѣڰԨ֮ħ֮ĹͳԨħ콾֮ء
Ƭܵأ˵ԨħЩܵǿߣʮ֮ϵı֤
ôڰԨ񼶶ħоųϣ𼶵ʱħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮ĹһУܶ𼶶ħ䣬ǻģȴһɳ졣
ʱħ֮Ĺʱ䲻ͻᵼԨħʱ١ɴ˿ɼħ֮ĹЧ֮ˣ
ԴȻ˷ӹϣԽħ֮Ĺ֮ǰ⵴ĺڹ⣬ǶԽʸĳ顣
ڹ֮У̺˾ĶħֻӵзǷ츳ӴĶħܹЩħĹսС
Щ츳ĶħֱӾͻᱻɶħ
ȵĶħǾ޴سϫһʱ䣬ԭ𶯣ǿնڱˡ
ܶ𼶶ħվ⳱ϫǰĸеԼСϹħħ֮Ĺȣʵ΢
ȥ
ڤͯڤˣܶڤ˵Ԩħҧҧ廯һ⣬̺ſֲسϫֱɶȥ


2136 ɱ
ˡ
𶯣Щ볱ϫ֮еԨħûбֲɡ˺෴ǣħ˹Щڹӿǵ壬γһȻͨ
Щħͨͨħ֮ĹС
ԽԽԨħ׷׷ϫ֮С
ڸԽʵӵжħԽԨħħ֮ĹʱĹ֮ҲԽࡣ
Ҳϫ֮УӰ˲ԨħĲĿ
ٶȲ죬ǵûǿӿĶħ֮ʱӵߵĶħ֮׷ױȥ·ħжħ֮£ߡ
жħһĻľʵȻӦÿʩչͻ¶
ݣ
ϫʧˣֻоǰĺڹͷųĪɵϵļ١
Ժӵľ󣬷·ʱѸʣǹһɲǣƾǧ꣬ȵԺеȫʧʱѾһƬ嫵İռС
ħ֮Ĺ
Χľૡ
һ̫˲õؾûһؾļܸħ֮Ĺȣ·ħ֮ĹҲҪࡣ
Ͼ·ֻ·һ˴ģħ֮ĹУȴ̫ħ̫ħǵѪ⣬磡
ħ֮ĹĿռ䣬ֺꡢԹţ̧ͷܹһſŰ쵵ǳͷţ
ÿһǳɢһӴħ·ħڳ˯ѹԨͷ
ţЩǳ
ͻȻ˲ͬѰ֮ʵڻԭϵʱ֣һƬڵµǿգȴдǳԵúΥ͡
ֱħ֮Ĺڲŷ֣⿴ȥޱȵǳʵһſŶħ
һЩħԼĶħ·еõöһ
֮УĶħϹʱĳħģѾǧ꣬ȴɲҫһϡ
Ǳ˴һ𣬹һֲ󷨣
󷨣ħ֮Ĺǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
ʱ򣬲Ҳħ֮ĹеĶħע⵽Щħɵǳ
ÿһŶħ̺ȥħǰ޾ͷ֮
һЩԨħ̲סЩǳȥȻǲָõЩħܽĹĦһŨķҲá
ȻδпֲѹٲһкֱӽЩͼ̽Ķħɡ
ЩħûˣֻΪͻȻٵѹѪӿɫ԰ס
Ϲħȥ˲֪꣬ȻƣǻŵĻʵ֪ﵽ̶ֳȡ
жħпţЩǰ֮ЩħҲͼȥ̽ħˡ
šǲڤ˵Ǹ֮ļһô
жħʱ۾һ

˵ļħΪЩɵ̲ס¶̰Ŀ⡣
ǼȲڤ˵ģԽǺ˵ģС
ʵֻڤ˵Ķħ֪ϢڤˣЩȥҲԱ٣ϾΪۼΪʵ
ЩС𣬸״ﵽʲô̶ȡڤͯ˵츳
ڤͯѣҲ
ӦöԸ˵ģҪҪ֪ͨʦ֣ϣɱ
ħС˵ǿеĴʦ֣񼶶ħ
ڶ̫˵㡭Ҷħ֮Ĺ˭Ҳûħ֮ûмʲôԵ֮飬Ҳ˽̣ɱ֮
ȵȵȣһʣȵʱ˵ʱϵʦֶ֣һϣӦвٺö
ôţʱͻȻһȻ亹ë
һɫĸߴħһм䡣
ħΧ𼶶ħǷһ˿ЦݣħĴû¶޵ĵɱôĸ֪
ߣֻҪǶԼе⣬ûŹħ֮ĹһǲǸոտʼɱûкô
Σնɱҡ֮УʱŷӸϵҪһΡ
㡭
ղſ˵Ԩħһ˲ͣоĳ֣һεܣǶˣ
˼άҲ˲ֱ̣ʲôֻһâǵĻħֽ֮һƿͷ­ֱ
Ѫ䣬ͬȪ
ְֳǹһǹȦɱ˲ɱ𼶶ħ
ɭǹ⣬δմһѪĬĬ˰ǹȥħΪߣ޴ʵർѹԵĽ
ԨħʮǻԭУû֣οԷ¶ɱ
ⳡħ֮ĹƱػһɱ¾ʢ磡

ͷʬأħѪڻĹŵϣЩһĻˡ
ЩѪ˺ˮһĹѸˡ
ͬħڵҲĳûΧ֮Уⷽء
оʬ壬ĸá
ԭ𼶶ħʬ壬ʮ궼ḯ࣬ڣȴȷʬ帯ٶȸ졣
ֻΪǿѪ֮ڱϵĳա
ʧȥѪֻ֮ƤҰˡ
Ȼ
΢΢üħ֮ĹȥĶħѸٳоռһаԡ
ħ֮Ĺͷ·һֻ޴Ұ֮ڣԨħ룬ЩĶħǵ³Ǳֽյ
³Щ


2137 
ħ֮Ĺϣն
еɽֱͬƲľ޽
еĵطعѣ¶׵ĺɫԨ
ʱԿĳЩطѵĹǺɢ䣬ЩѵĹдСɫ龧
ЩǺܸܵ޵ʵЩǣѾľȴеøп
⣬Щǵ̺Ҳ֮ͬǰȥļħһյˡ
ֻʣµЩɢǣŵԶƬ硣
뵽һĸо
ħ֮ĹÿοӿĶħ콾
Щħ콾Դħ֮ĹȡЩǧƷʲĶħͬʱҲа˳ϵĶħ콾ħ֮Ĺ
ڵĶħѪ֮һ㲻ʣıյ
гнγһ˱ƽ⡣
ζţԨħһ壬̭ΪϣøǿߵߵĲΡ
뵽Щи̾ڰԨĲпʹַ˵˵ô򵥣ǿʳǿ߽߳Ե
ʱͻȻǰӹһɾ˵ĶħϢһɫᴩأǿҵĳôظˮһ
𶯳ֵĵطУֻһħͷ´µĳ˺ɫĳУħݺᡣ
ħͷؼ
ħ֮
۾ħ֮Ĺļأεħ֮Ĺеħ֮УǣǣͿԵõеľ
ħ֮ħ֮ĹҪһݻԵԨħ콾ħ֮ĹΪ
Ųһ˲գħͷһȭ

һ죬ħͷҽһֱӻҷˣһƺɫɢؼ䡣
һУЩĻ۹
Ȼ
Ȼʵþħ֮Ѿ̫ˣҲǼ˸ֻԵǵؾƷʣûʲôǰħ֮ȡ
ΪǰؾǵĴʱģҲûħ֮Ĺʮ֮һ
ħ֮ĹеʱĴĵرƣھǧķͣΪ
ÿһħ֮ĹеĶħƷߣеζ
Ծٿ˿˿ӿĵĶħһֻСħӰֻħӰ֣·һ㡣
սȭֱӱ㽫ħӰյˡ
һֱ̣֮ϣһģӡǡ
ӡǣһĶħνͼˡ
ÿһħ֮ĹеĶħ۵ħ֮ͼġ
Ҳ˸ҲʮҲʮޣͲˡ
ͼڼǶ٣ҪͼʺǱ
ͼڼԽȻԽãʵϣΪħ֮Ĺгɱ۵ͼԽ࣬Խǿɿڵķ򣬺ܶСԨħĸͼڣȻųȥѾллˡ
ͼļǶ٣Ƕԣû̫塣
ʱվͷƺѾԨħΪħ֮ĳ֣ɱ
ڣֻСС֣ȵԽԽıֳʱɱֱħ֮ĹһƬѪص
ûͣ
ħ֮Ĺļأħ֮ĹΧԵҪٺܶ࣬ħ֮ŨȺƷʶһЩħ֮Ĺ
ȻΣգҲࡣ
һ·ħ֮Ĺħ֮ĹĿռ䣬Ŀռкܴͬ
ħ֮Ĺǵֿס˴磬ĿռǿȣǧħѪĽ࣬Ѿ᲻ɴݡ
ľͶԿռ䷨ħ֮ĹУҲܲݿռ֮Ťռ䡣
˵ƿռ䣬ÿռŲƸ·ˡ
ԲﶼҪʵʵķУΪܵĿռ޴ڵжħٶȶѹˡ
ȻֻǸ·ûйͣ۵ħ֮һҲȱĶħ١
Щħ
ԨħɢѰħ֮һʱҵһֻյʱܸԨħͻҪһսܾħ֮Ĺ
ֻǷУħ֮۳ɵĶ
ʵϣǲЯ֮顣
ⱾĶħ伮ӵϢħ֮Ĺ֮ǵƹɶ꣬ʻ۷һħ֮ɵĶԴԴϵ
ЩʵǿɻɱǣģֱϵĵһͼѾ֮һˡ
ͼڣԽԽѣżħ֮ĹĿܾã߰꣬ʮ꣬ϰꡣ
ںڰԨʷϣħ֮Ĺ֮һֱһǧʱ
ħ֮ĹʱԽеĶħԽгʱѰԵ۶ħ֮ǳʱ򣬻õĺôȻԽ
Ӧģʱɱܻ߳ȥԨħҲԽ١
ȥ鷳鷳
֮ͻȻܵһ˿Ϊɱһһ㣬ĺġ
΢΢һжħԼ
ĽŲûз㣬ֻǽ֪ܣȻģûҵ׷ߣЩ⣬ԷĲˮ׼Լϡ
òǴ̫Ӱɡ
лͷƽ飬Ҳ뵽Լĸ֪֮С
ıӵ֮֮꣬ǿ󣬾һԨħܱȵģһ֮̽һԭģЩͬ
΢΢ĵתħ֮ĹƫƧ֮طȥ


2138 յս
ɫĹĹԭѹŲϵ룬ѹҲԽԽǿ
ĵ棬ѾӲһĳ̶ȡ
λȼԽߣṹԽȶڰԨʮԱȣṹѾһǱħ֮ĹǾС׼ˡ
ħ֮ĹУÿһʯÿһأԱħ֮ĹߣûκλԵһЩħ֮ĹĿʯȥˡ
Խһһĸɽɽı棬һƬϿȣƺ˼ƾõʱϿ֮۵ħ֮Ѿǳɹˡ
ħ֮˸ǿֻ̤Уоϣ΢΢һֻͣࡣ
ϿڵĵϣһߴڵصĺǣߺǱ״ǿտյۿƺԼ
ߺǶӣģǷһ˿΢Ц
ʱͻȻ䣬Ӻ֮ڣһϺɫĶ飬ٶȼ죬һֱֱüģǼƣҪľ֮
׼һȭ

һ죬һȭ֮У̺˿ľɶħ̲֮ȭ֮У𶯣ֱϺɫĶݺݵɣ
鰧ţƺֲʼתӡ
ţû
Щ⣬Ʒʼߣ̺ħ֮ҲȻΪ
һ̤ٶȻ˲һڶǰ棬ݺݵһ¡

ֱӺˣ
һץĴݵ֮ȫ۵Уڡ
һʱ䣬оÿһë׶ɿָ֮оǳǿ˼ˣȪ֮󣬴ڵˮһ㡣
ħ֮Ǻö꣬ǧ꣬ԭʼۺһͻ񶼲⡭
ҪҪ㹻ۣҲҪԼĸ
ħ֮Ĺ磬ھյ֮󣬺׾Լ֫ٺѨ֮УҪͲڸȵˡ
ԭΪڹȥǧʱƬѾˣܴԼʱ䡣
һΪĽݾ
ȻݾǰǣԼķܹϣΪˣȴȥǻû塣
棬Բ߷򣬾޵˵ѾǼ򵥵ģﵽˮ׼־ݵˡ
˿ԼֱϵͼڣֻǸղһһöͼڴ֮һΪһˣԼãһƷ֮ߡ
ʱͻȻĮŵѣôãԳ˰ɣ
԰գƽת۾յĳ
ԭһ֮УһԻ֮Уһͭӡ

ӺӵϵıһһӰӴڲƮ˳Ӱȥ顣
㾹Ȼǣ
ӰеĺӰ˵Ʈ룬һֲĸо
Ԩħʮ죬ǵֻߣԻҪࡣ
Сȫſĳۣһħźۣһǰۡ
ħ϶ɵȥǷ˴˵еĺڰ޳
ħ˫
üһ֮ǰɱħĳϣĶ˶Էļ䣬ħĸ߲ʮϤ
˫ħĸ߲㳤ϣֵܣΪλǵһʵʲôܷӳսͿֲˡ
Ȼʶǡٺ٣֮黹Ѿյħ֮Ǳ뿪
˫еİ۶ħ˵
Цһʱ˵ϻְɣ
ֱӳ˰ǹ۾˸һ˿Ƶս⣬ӵ֮飬Ʊػޡ
˫ĿǰʵõԽʯ
һƫƧĵطԶԷΪһԣԼȫǣͻλԼʵߵһ

˫Цţֻˡǰͭ˫ͷͷų಻ΧĿռ䶼ˡ
ӵͷ
һۣ֪Ͷ䵽֮ϣ΢΢ԥһʱûܿ

һ죬ӽ˫ȫ档
ӵڲռ䣬һֱʮɵԲ񼶵߶ԣʮɸͲ룬˫ӵڲռ֮Уⲫûʲô
ʼûж㿪˫һ¡
ԭΪп񼶵ĸ֣ڤͯŵۣڤҲ֮ħ֮Ĺ
񼶵ĸ֣ףɱѣϾԷֲеʱʹĻһʱҲ׷ϣοħ֮ĹУͬ顣
ڤ˵ħǵ׷ɱ͹һˡ
ʶͭӣ棬Է·ɱ׺ܶ࣬ԭΪһôױǸסȻʵϣǾôɵĴĿģ˫жЩĸо
ʱͭΧĿռȴµĴܡ
ͭӣһϵƷʵ鱦ټϵҪڲƿס
ǽµĵ棬ħ֮ĹĴأ
Ҳ˵һˣ˺ѳȥҲѽ޷̽鵽ڲʲô
һȫյս
뵽ЩЦˣԼԣһõĻᣡ
Цʲô˫ü˵
ҡͷ˵ûʲôֻǡҺþûˣеûţǡȴᰡ
Ļ˫Īʲôкþûгˣôǰʲô


2139 ʵ
˫ûüӦʱ򣬴ϣȻصЩۻصܣĺɿռ䡣
ɿռ鲼ͭӣԭѾȫյսּӷһ㡣
һʱ䣬˫һλ𣬱Χһտռ֮УȻţܣȻҪսһ
Ķ֣ǰ׳շӣǶԼʵ㹻š
뵽֮ǰڤЯ֮ħ֮ĹôǸ׳յĿȻûеġ
˼Ҫɱ㣬㷴һԶǵӣô
λ𣬾ȻͬʱԿֵ
˫аǸԷɢվ࣬ʱԹԵļӳֺƬռ
Ŀ⣬ɨ˫µֱۣ˵ֱ۴һͼӡǡ
˫ֱϵͼӡǣǲͼӡǵ٣֮飬ħ֮ٶԭӦģȻȴûܳ˫ζţ˫֮ǰɱ˲ڤ˵Ķħ
ֻɱħȡǵͼڣ˿ٶȣħ֮
ɱ֮ҵĵһͼӡǣӦԲˣԳϧΪ̫֮гޣҾҪˣƳһЩӣȶԷڵħ֮۵ĸ࣬ɱǵջ͸󡭡
ţʱ˫Ѿһɱ
Ǿֵ֮ͨ˲䣬һǣ
û˿⣬Էս衣
ڰ׶ɫĶħ֮⣬Ұ
˫ĹǶȡ켣Ϊ꣬ͬʱ֣һħһʱͬʱֵ
ȻĹǷһ˿Цɲǣ򿪣ӿ
ڰԨĶħżĲͬħ壬䣬ɱƴ󣬹㲩ȴֲʧͷâ
ʮ֮ԪԪԪϵ

һХ֮ͭڼҵĻ죬صı𣬴Ӷħɱ˳
һʱ䣬ͬǧıڳâͭӡ
ʲô
˫󾪣ֻһ˲䣬
ǳԾޱȵǣͻȻֵԨħģ̫壬ֻǺڰʹһ壡
ǻ޷𵽵ǲԨħڷĺ֮ȴ˲϶ͻȻֵͲԨħҪô̫壬Ҫôڡʮ죡
뵽һֿܣ˫дһʮôںڰԨ
Ƿĳı
ǸӦʱ򣬱ˣ
ָǹһָǹâХǬ˫еİ۶ħ
ͬʱĶħҲˣץŴִĹǹһǹ۶ħ
ʵҪطһɲǣͷ߿ŴǸ֣ǹ֮עħ壬ﵽ˼¡
䣡
񱩵ĳ˫ʵУҺһֱҵɳȥ
ۣۣ
죬˫ײ֮ͭϣ޴ĺ
ô£
˫ԺһƬңղžһƳԼǸͻȻֵʮΪҲ񣬲񣬾Ȼӵ˱̬
һħһʮѵǱһ壿
ӣ
۶ħ˾תʱ˵ܲܿƾˣһʮ˺ڰԨҶԷǿʵȻͼ죬ִ¼Ҫͨȥ
ߣΣ
ЦʱҲˡ
ৣৣৣ
Ӱɳ
ľڲҪʵ£伫ս
𣡡
һͬ磬ӽڰԨһֱ䲻СҲų˳
СѾޣȻʱʵв࣬Ȼƾǿн׳壬ǣãȴȫû⡣
ͭӵĿռ䣬СڵѾСԭļʮ֮һһ֣ɽͭӵĿռռС룬ʱӵ
СھһǽϺɿռһ𣬵סͭӵĿ
һŨɱһսһʼ͵ƾȫԸҪһŹ
Ҳ뽫˫նɱ룡
λδ˫ӵʱǧټƵնɱһλ񼶶ħڷյĿռ䣬ʵȫԸնɱλ񣬲
֮
Ͷħһֻ֣ͬʱһ̫ͼ֮񱩵Ķħ֮ӱͷͬʱںһγһת֡
޴תֱ֣۶ħȥ
۶ħд󾪣ͬʱͬ۶ħȴСǣţϾæ
˫֮ǿ󣬾Ϊֵ޼䣬һǲ𿪣ǵսͻۿۡ
ԭǶǶһȴɶеĲ֪࣬ˡ
۶ħɫ䣬һţһ̵Сתŷɳ
̵С֮ϣĶ飬Ƿʹ˻ʹһСԵޱ
С棬ͶħܲˣҰĽתְȥ
꣡
һ죬̵Сֱӱˣ
תֱɶ£ģתֵıֳ˺ɫӰ
֮ʣ۶ħţȫĶħ֮һȭת֡
һ̣񱩵ϯյĿռ䣬ѹ£ըûϯóͭӡ
Щȫ˺۶ħϡ
۶ħһںѪ嵹ɶ


2140 ˫

۶ħصײͭӵӱϣͭӣѾ΢΢Σ۶ħҪջأȻصĺѹ˹һȦټǣƣ۶ħһʱԹ˼ɡ
ۿź۶ħ۶ħһ̶֮ļС
ֽģ֮ڰ۶ħϣֳѪɫ·Щ·ȼյĻ棬Ѹӿ鲼˰۶ħȫ
۶ħһ˲ȼ˾Ѫ
ͬʱƵ˼޵ĺ۶ħȫҵĲҲʼ鲼ѪƣһͼȼվѪ
ԨħͬʱȼվѪ֮ټǵı˴ϣܷӳսһء
ˡ
һ۶ħԭֻһߣȻͬʱȴƺ˰۶ħѪдѪ֮ʼ
۶ħʱҲһᦣӭǣ˳ħ֮飬Щħ֮鷢˶ĤļУ׷û˹֮С
Ѹٱһ죬ļ˳ͭӵĶһһ֧Źӣڱת˲䣬ҪӸ

֮µĴزϵѣĺɾ޴ǲĺ֮ʼȶƺҪ̮һ㡣
һĻкһħֱһȭ˹֮ϡ
꣡
ħһȭֱ˱㣬ħֱһһ㣬˹ڲ
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һʱ䣬ֱۻ˻ĵѪֵģ֮עһħ֮γɵǶʱҺű˽ȥ
ͻ˫ӵĶħʩչɷ򣬸ϣҲ׷ӡ
ˣ
ҵ·Ҫ̮ԭһЩĹӣҲʼ䡣
㣡
ۿչ֮еԼľ꣬۶ħʹѪֳֹᦣ磬ħ֮ڿһ޴ĹצһצĶħץ
ҪĶħȻʱһҫ۵ǹâֱӺ޴צ֮ϡ

һ죬צ˻ڹʧıˣ
㡭
ۿɱ۶ħ˫Ŀ죬̫Ѳˣһжܽȫǣס
ȻڵѪƣܳ־ãֻҪʱһֻܡ
һƹצЦһȫǽڱ죬ҲʼһܵƬ
ͬʱıֳսӰһɲǣ𼤻֮Ѫ
ˣģѪ̣˳ȼ˱徫Ѫ
һʱ䣬˫ȼվѪƣȻ޴档
֮
һȭ߿Ŵǹ֮ȫע֮Уһȭ˳
۶ħԹצмܣĵһȭ
֧Ԯң
۶ħ۶ħʱѾ˲ȥܹˡ
Ȼδ䣬ɫȴȻˡ
һȭ֮У̺һɼһеĸʴ֮۶ħĹצڱһȭѸٵĸʴͬڵѪ֮Ҳڿٵţ
ʥõ󣬽Լǰһֻ֮ڻͨʩչʽ
ĹʥĹѾǳӽˡ
ת֮䣬۶ħ˫۱һƬң·ʧȥ
۶ħд󼱣ֳһɫС棬֧Ԯ۶ħһɲǣĶħȴʱ˹ֳִִĹǹ׼۶ħһǹ¡
¡
ħ֮Ĺм̵أĶħһǹұ۶ħħˡ
ͬʱľȴͬʱڰ۶ħΧǵ˫֮УԻûħ֣Ԫֻ̣Ű۶ħݺݵи

۶ħŤҵȼ˾ѪһͷŭҰޣصһ˲䣬ӲԹצҿֻ̣֮֮ȴձֻ֮п˲ӣ
ۣ
Ѫ䡣
۶ħһ˿ֺŨŨĲʡ
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
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۶ħѪ˫ĿѸٵʧȥɡ
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ι۶ħѾʧȥ˴ս
ԭռ˾޴ƵĶԾ֮Уʧȥ˶սѾע˽֡
۶ħɹצҪȻʱȻһһĹǹӱ̴Ѫ⣬ǰشչĹǴ̣ȫ˺壬Ѫ꣡
ѵĻعͷֻħվıǴִĹǹС
Ѿˡ
ܣ
Ŀ˰۶ħ۶ħң֪ƾԼǾѲ׷ɱ
һƴȫеɫСͶͬʱȫħ֮ǵ£ԭݵ壬Ȼ
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һ˿âıͶħͬʱ֣ա
䣡
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֮ٶҰĳ۶ħڡ
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ˡ
ھԵѹ֮£۶ħûзӳصͬ۶ħǳģɱ֮ͭڣ޶
˫һ˲䣬ֱϵͼӡǾͷֽˣͼӡǣ˾ħ֮Ʈ


2141 
ɱ˵ķʽӶħ֮ԶֶΡ
ԭħ֮Ĺż죬˫Ҳûл۶ħ֮Ǽˣɱ֮ĵһͼӡǱֱԲˡ
ˣڶͼӡҲɣܸоڶͼӡȻһͼӡǴͬС죬ҪȫԻҪħ֮ȴˡ
ħ֮ĹʱܳȫɻۣһʱֻԼħ֮Ĺʱ䣬컯ʥʱҪˡ
ʱ϶һѣ
Կ컯ʥʣҪε쵼ˣΣһѪսǲɱˡ
лЩͷҡҡͷȥˣЩԭ޷⣬ԼģǾԼʵ
ҪԵĵ̫ˡ
һ컯ʥʣһɲĻۣڰԨ
һһǿĵˣѹļͷڵʵȴԺеκһ
ǼˣҲû٣ѹҲĴԵ
Ҫﵽ۷壬ҪĻԵ
Թǿ߲Ҫ츳ˣҲҪһشɾԼ
ǰ·˺ͺڰǵĴƱԨħ֣ǧǰħĴƱǶħĴ
νʱӢۡ
ڵվشƵ˼ϡ
λãվˣͻΪһǧĴ棡

ããħ֮Ĺе磬˶֮⣬û˿ΨһʻͬߵԨħ
ȴǿʱɱĵˡ
һţʱ޵زΣյ磬дϼʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬޾ļįɱûһǿ񾭺ͼ͵־޷ܡ

һƬɢĶħ֮УһѤõӫⱩǺҹеɢ֮䡣
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תɷ򣬽Ԩħھħ֮Ұĳˡ
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ȻûҲƺɱ˰˵Թˣ
ĻԨħһ£û뵽Լܻо˼顣

кâһԨħŻæˡ
һݵɣÿһħ֮£ڣ˷Ѷ㣬ʱ۾תеĳĵȻˣͳɡ
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ħ֮Ĺôã״ڤͯ
֪ڤͯ˶ħ֮ڤͯĽ䱸ţоԷһͷյҰޣһֱԼ֪ʱ¶
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üһֱڤͯʧҰ֮С
֪ڤͯ«ʲôҩԷʵɺǿ󣬵ȴһֱš
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ҡҡͷȥ룬ħ֮ĹʱʮֱץÿһϢÿһԼʵ
ħ֮Ĺʲôܻ壬ֻڤͯԼʲôıҲǵȵԼ㹻ʵ֮󣬲ܴӦԡ
ӰһһˣѰһĿꡪǶ飬
Ѿħ֮Ĺеĵʮˡ
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
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ЩӣرǺ˵𼶶ħھսħţսսġ
ȻսպգȴûнмĺԨħȫɱ֣ƾĵɷԺɵĽԨħڵħ֮ɾ
ǣһЩԸ׳Լħ֮Ķħһ·
ⲢǸ֮ʣԼĴ㣬ôΪ޵ʱڣﵽЧ
ԼҰģҪڶʱڣԼͼۼƵ¡
֮ͼڼħĴУħ֮Ĺļأӵеħ֮Խ࣬ڳͼڼħеʱͨĸʣҲԽ
һɹܴУЩħ֮ҲڴеĹУգһʵ


2142 ݾ
ħ֮ĹУɱÿնݡ
Ԩħɱ¾飬ħֻ֮ԨħԨħ֮ɱ¾˴˵гɹ
ʱȥˡ
ħ֮ĹһУһƾħ֮һԼֱϵͼӡǣڣѾ۵öͼˡ
ʱ䣬ͬʮĳɹ
λ𾳽Ѿȫȹ̣Ϊһǧٶȣ޽
ۿŵöͼڽҪɣ΢΢֪ܣģǷһȡ
ڲԶоԼ֮ǰһЩãʱȥոˡ
Ʈһ⣬֪ķȥ
ٶȼ죬۵糸ֻһӵʱ䣬ͷɵĿĵء
һϿȣϿȵ棬һ󷨡
𼶣ԣͬ衣
սȭȫħ֮ҵĻص
꣡
һȭӳ󷨻˸顣
ʲôʲô£
󷨱֮󣬶еļԨħд󾪡
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ƽʱǻۼרŵĶħڣҲо󷨣ǽ죬һжʧˡ
ֱɱſڣ󷨶ˣǲŷӦ
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񼶵Ķ֣ɲܶԸ˵ģ
Ȼǳߵʱһʱ䣬ǵɫҪѿжѿ
ھսħ
֡㣡
Ͽо׵ģǺ˵Ԩħħ֮ĹߣŽŸ
ЩӣƾŶӺҲ˲ħ֮һֱСΪڤ񼶶ħ
Ȼޱȱߵǣڹȥʱ䣬Ѿɷˡ
һǰǽħ֮Ĺãڤ˵𼶶ħɱ
Ϊʵ޴Ǳ仨ˮǣûɱǣȴǷˡ
ָ֮ʵǱҵͬʱҲЦɵơ
ǹһʱ䣬ǾȻһؾٶûɱǣûȥؾջĹƬĵرֻǽǾۼħ֮ȫˡ
ƵѪôСסˣһջɽڲûգһдͷʼ
ڣΣ
һʱ䣬ЩԨħˡ
Ӧòɣǵħ֮ԹϣҲɱǣĻһܲˣӦţһˣȫ
ĻʮְԵ˵Ԩħζըˣǿôħ֮ôҰӶ
㡭׷ǣ
һԨħͻȻһһαҵڶҵɺϣǵλҵôܣ
ùҲôùġ
Ԩħɣкâһֱֽ䣬һʱ䣬Χ¶˲½ࡣ
˵ԨħǱ˿סӵĹѼ̲˵ˡ
Ѿȷа취׷ǣûɱǣ뿪ʲô֮ʣΪ˽ˣɱ
뵽ЩԨħɫҪѿжѿܹħ֮ĹԨ콾ڣȴ˵
ħ̫ˣ
ôᱻ׷ӡǡ֮ǰҲ̫ӵ»Ϲ̫ӵҲûǱ׷˰
Ԩħе̫ӵ£ȻǴ̫ˡ
̫ӵʵȻǿ󣬲Щ˶ħϵ׷ӡǣսɵġ
սԨħԣһİĶߵĽֶԣս𲻵ãȻ׷٣ȴǳá
սӡǼĥ𣬶ңԨħΪϤҲѷ֡
սӡڣЩħһֱָơ
ÿ̶ʱ䣬ոһΣȵþˣЩԨħ˵ͱɱˣĲãʧȥá
ħ֮
ɫ㣬ͬʱĺɢƬϿȣֻҪɱһ߰˸𼶶ħҪˡ
һϣôħ֣Ըһ
һŭĶħаѾĵߣܶԨħﶼŰɱֻ۸飬Ǻʱ
ȻźһͻȻһҫ۵ǹâֻһ졣
ħҽţ󼲷ɳȥصײɽʯϣӴ壬ӲĽɽײһƬ

ʯѣħȫѪؿһӤֱ۴ϸѪǰᴩ
ûħ֮ĹУôصˣڲδһӣҲܼѡ
ԨħɫˣΪ飬ۼΪʵһλ𼶵ĶħıǶʵη塣
аǰеԨħԹԵĽħ֮
ɷЩȫգֻǶ̶̵İ㹦ĵöͼڣҲȫˡ
ͨڵԣ֮Ƕħܹ֮תоԼޣһ
յеĶħ֮һ磬ħɢһ޴УΧһȫˡ
㡭
ЩԨħΪҪڶǲȻֻһ̣ħľڶ֮Уȫʧˡ
Ԩħǣһĵȥ
ЩѾȥԨħģħЩħйؽ챻ԼӶħ֮ļ䣬ȫĨȥˡ
ħĻΪЩԨħµļ䣬ǵħ֮Ϊλʧ
һȻȾǻڿҿҵļռħ֮Ϊĺ
Ļ˭֪Լ˶ˣȦ󣬶ʱɵӲŻħ֮ԼӶᣬ˵ǣԸԼˣҲװױ˱ˡ
һ֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ҲʹãԽһУһ٣ٶʹá
˵ƾս׷ӡǺħħ֮ĹҳһĽݾ


2143 
ϴ˺˵һ֧ԨħС֮編ƣʱ䣬ų֣ӶǵЩԨħһδģո
ո֮ĨȥЩԨħļ䡣
ҲԼֽű˷֣Ҳ˵˵ĶħδܲˣҲܽô
ħ֮ĹУʵѾλеһײ㡣
˴̫Ӻصڤ֮ͯ⣬Ų˭ԼĶ֡
ڵħ֮ڶʱ䱩ǣΪںϣӵ⡣
ʱһţħ֮Ĺĵֱ꣬ͼӡѾ۵ʮˡ
֪ԼͼӡǵļǶ٣֪ħ֮ĹļأһЩͨħ콾ͼӡǵļޣҲʮи͵ġ
ֻʹﵽ̶ȣҪǱĶħ֪ˣȻҪĿɿڴ
˿ԼֱۣʮͼӡѾԻΡ
滮ţʮ֮ڣöͼӡҲԻħ֮ĹУͻޣż
ʱͻȻ䣬ңԶĵƽϣغ¡¡һɫڶۡ
Щɫ֮У̺˿µϢлûһͷצĶħ
ڿնȻһһ˲䣬ңԶƽߵĺ֮Уܵ˿µѹѹĸо
ȻѾʵܹѹδ̫Щ
ʱ򣬲Ĵؿʼѣħ֮Ĺ缫ΪȶҪ˺ѴҪֱ
вԶĶħҲ澰Ƕ˹
֣ζʲô˲õĶˡ
⶯Ը֪̽һ֮һ첻ٶ󱬷֮ȥ
һʱ䣬ֻ䡱һ죬·ɽҽһĺӵصѷһԨħϯȥǱûСֱۣʧˡ
ͻıʣ÷׷׸ԨħŲһ٣ʱжħǰˡ
ħ֮Ĺմкܶطȥп䣬ĻԵȻˣħԣǱסԼؼûˣʲôûˡ
ħСӱû֮ҲС
Ĳ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱ֪ӳȥ֮̽µΣܿ죬һˡ
ڿ˳ӿ֮УһɫȹٻӰӭŮӣʥ
ʱʥֳֹǽһͷڷ
ʥ߲Զһڤ񼶶ħͬԴ
񼶶ħЩӡ󣬵ʱгڱȶ֮Уֻûгֶѣʵܱڤɳħ֮ĹʵҲˡ
ʥڤħԵģǺ˵񼶶ħΪ׵ģǴ̫ӡ
ʥħŮ£ĺδꡣħ֮Ĺôҽħ֮ĹôãǵһʥħŮ£Ҫл󰡣
̫ƤЦⲻЦ˵ЩαĻʱ񼶶ħѾʥڤĶħΧм䡣
һ̫ӣʵȻʥ֮ϣټ˵񼶶ħ˭ǿ˭Զ׼
ʥü΢һ۴̫ӿķĺɫɵӰԼһ²⡣
ؾɢյħ֮γ˹оħ֮ıԴ
ټ̺ģսĿֲѹʥɣؾ¸ǧǰħйأ
ħǺε˵ڰԨĵߣµؾǸǺεȻԵ
ؾ֪˭֮ˣͻȻԻԽħ֮ĹĸߵȼħԣȻһ컯
컯˭̣
̫ȻҲԼµˣ˵׼ʥ֣ҪʥˣǱˡ
ʥĿ亮âԺпٵķڵʽ
ħ֮Ĺ̫ˣĿռ䷨ȶ񼶶ħҲ޷ᴩգֻʵʵС
ͻȻؾȻϢƴȻΪ̫Զܶ񼶶ħûз֣ǹһʱ䣬Ǿ͸ע⵽ˡ
ԼĿǰȻк˵񼶶ħʱ䣬ȴ񼶶ħĻδûת
ˣ
ʥϵıħ֮ȫ
ʥߣһڤĳҲȫǽڱ죬ֳһۼףȻڱϵԨħ
һĻ̫Ƿһ˿Цʱ䣬ȴ֧ԮΪԼ֧ŵô
ϣ
̫һһƿŹͷĳʣֱָʥ
սپ
̫Ӷħ´Ȼ䣬ͻȻһ٣üͷ
תȴ֮⣬һɫսףֳִִǹĶħһ˹
ħ
Сӣ
̫һ⼸ʵѾĿã̫ӽڤ֮ͯǰ˵ģ츳ȫ˵ǡ
鱨⣬ΪӦӵλ񶥷ʵ
ʵԭģȻڣʥһڤĳϣԼһȻɴռƣҪʱڽսȴˡ
һսϾˣͻԽԽ񼶶ħ
ʱ򣬽ؾɱӲңԼԵĸҲС
ڤͯһ̫Ӹеļɵ
ϹˣǾ͸ǺΪ⡣

̫ӿͬһͷʳҰһ㣬ɱ¶
򲻱ķٶȿƺǼľȴת˲š
ĬţһʥߣʥһԴ̫˵ϡ


2144 
㡭
ʥƺû뵽ʱ֣ʥĿ¶һ˿֮ɫĳ˵ǰɫħδ
Ȼʥζ޷ȴòϣԨħһرĸо
Хʱʥøǰһ㣬ʥĽǶȣܿһıӰд̫粻ӡ
̫ںţھͶֵĻڶ̶һʱڣشʥĸж
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˵ĽǶȣܿǾ޴ѷ֮¶޾ԨȻǿֲϢǴӵԨġ
ԨڣЩѷ죬ڣҪˣ
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ڼٷ֮У̫ӿһۣԥһ£վûг֣ѷ̫ܰȫһʥǣǻܴһ
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ȻǶؾпܵգԵǰпһ죬֮ͽһС
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ұڲ֪жûʯѷȫ£ǰؾұڼ棬Ǿһҵ飬ħ֮ĹصļӲ̶ȣ񼶶ħڵ£ҪҪһ๤𼶶ħʵֲǿĻ˵ᱻ漸ʮΪľڵ¡
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ݣ
һһĶħӵѷзɳ޾ĺڰһţһֻ̣ҰȻѾһƬĵ硣
¡¡
ͷϣѾ£ڱˡ
ղżٷӵḶ́һ£ǵǧȡ
Ȼ䱻ڵǧؾ֮У𼶶ħжٶЩģؾòн޳ɣǾͱˡ
һⷽ磬Ұûоͷ粢һƬӨӨĹԴʯ֮Щ΢
ԣȫҲø֪οڻйԣѾˡ
ڵ£᾵ʯ壬ʯ֮䣬һΪĿ
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沢ƽǷһȭͷСݣӵ鿪·һ̶ضȵǦˮ
ĵһۣͷһ
ĸо֮У·޾ħ֮ľ֮ǰӵ籡ĺƺȫڴˣ
ٻǴӵطģҽһɫҺ壬ɣЩҺɫеġˮ
ˮΪĳԭ򱻼ǧҲ㣬γħԳϫ̣Ļɽһ
ֻǣжܻħ֮ĹǧҲ㣿
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΢΢һʥһۡ
ʥҲȷȥɡ
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ʥͬһڤһͬмڤ˳𼶶ħҲԶԶĸţʱԳ˵ĺôˣ¾սĻЩ𼶶ħ϶ᱻ̵ʣڣһ
žԽԽĸоÿһκˮжӿĪɵ纣ħ֮
ںϣݺύ·ԻͷĶħɡγ˾Եһض
ɾ룬ܸǿѹһʱ䣬˵ķٶȶ
ɨһۣںΧɢŴǺЩѾ֪˶꣬Ѿ绯ˡ
ǣɢ֮䣬мʬ壬Щʬ徹ûʬǣϻдŸɿݵѪ⣬Щ⣬֪Щʬ˶ãǽЩµĻ⣬ϹʱʹģǾľˣôסĸ֮ġ
ûȥˣΪʱһȺħԼķ򻺲ȺħΪ׵ģǴ̫ӡ
˴̫֮⣬к˵񼶶ħдʮҵħǺȫˡ
һʱ䣬һеԨħɫΪѿ
˵Ķħд̫򳡣ȴֻʥһڤΪڤյĳ
ڸַ棬Ȼһء
̫ɨһۣûпǸɵڤͯһʱ䣬ǷһĻȡ
ûڤͯڣſǰڤ˶ħȫɵ
·㲻ߣ㴳ԭڵϣʲô鶼ûУȴƫƫҪǲȫǣǻʧˣ
̫Ĵʥ¶һ˿Ϸ֮ɫ


2145 ֮
Դ̫ӣڤ˵Ԩħ
̫ӵΪѾλ񶥷壬ҪЩλ񣬻Ҫǿ󼸷֡
Ķ֣ƾʥڤոǶ֡
棬ǻɢܣ磬Ǿ֮޴ɶˣ
ɱ˵Ķħ֮ɢһʱ·ˣʵһĶħһ¶ˡ
ʥһսеĹǽľǰδеרעսǽ΢΢ߺԴ̫ĵˣҲԴݡ
һս׿
ʥħŮµ˲ðƺϹʥ͵ŹǴģƷ鱦֮ϣϧҲΪ漣ʥħŮ£οΪУ˳ң˫ޣͬ̽Ѱ֮أΣ
̫˵֮ⷬɨһۣĿһ˿֮ɫ
ʥΪڰԨһŮӣܵõ֮˫ޣΪкô
ʥȶδҪʥϣȻҪȽˡ
츳Σ֮սȵǾʵȫаսɱ
ɫԺѸٷŴ̫ӵʵԴ̫ӣһսͲرˣȫԸ
ĻЩ鷳ˣζҪЩģԨħȫڣ
ǸڤգԼı֮󣬻᲻󵹸أ
㣬һңڲѵĹͷһᶯһЩʱڻң
Ϊû֣ʥƺһֱǡ㡱
ʥĴ΢΢һҲǣʥһֱۣڹؼʱӦһЩƵġ
һս򲻵ѣ¶Լıǻ̫鷳
ԺпٻЩͷʱֻһд
һ׷Ը֪̽򾪽ԴǿһĻʱڶħͷƤ顣
ڸղżϢ֮ǰȲڤˣҲں˵𼶶ħҪڤ˺ֵʱһǱУĵȥѰұͬʱҲⱻɱ
ǵ̤ϺߣһƬƽƽʱǸǰһħ֪ȵʲôͻȻһڶ𣬽ħС
ֻǶ̶һϢʱ䣬ԨħҵĲԭǵۼ׷׷䣬ǿ׳徹ǻѪˮ
ôֱڻˣֻʣһͷ­ɴ۾ֵգܿ죬ͷ­Ҳܽˡ
һûԣڸղŵľͬ鷢ġ
һ𼶶ħôĲףƾڻһĻʵ̫ˡ
⡭⡭
Ҵ𼶶ħɫɷףҳһһһСĵˣҪ˳ƬͬԨһɱ
Ͼ棬ʱ򣬻ܱ侲ԼתͷӵĻܻĸ졣
һСһСҪ˳Եһ˲䣬Ľźȵʲôӣ͵һݡ
һ··ʲôֱסĽףݺݵصף

𼶶ħһҽУٿһûˮ֮УֻһϢʱ䣬Ĳҽͱˮûˡ
һϢҽʧˡ
һһѰ׹ǴлƯ
߰׹ǣ״ȥ𼶶ħĹͷ
ָоһ˲䱻ʣһǼܣ˾֣
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һĻжħողһĴ̫ӣҲдġ
µĴڣǸղ֪̽Ȼûвȫ֪ʲôϢĳԵ𼶶ħ
ǿ𼶶ħǺڰԨ콾ħǴͷβḶ́Ǿӣһ򵥿ٵıԵˡ
ǸشڣʵϣھǺּǻȫܿ϶
һʱ䣬жħס˺ǵĸ֪Уԭƽĵ磬ƺͻȻɭֲ
ʵ𾳵ħʱǶڵʱһʱ嶯ѷˡ
еĶħſˮʶԶķ˼ղóȻĻôɰ׹ŧѪľˡ
̫ɫΣҲеѹǺ˿ֲĴڣôںףֻʲôأ
׳һЩܹɱԼĿֲڣ̫Ӷ˿Ծ
ϾƬܵأѾǧϡ
ģǴ˵вһħ񣬾ǧʱ䣬Ƭܵػݻʲô˭Ҳ˵׼
뵽̫ҲҶʥȶħˡ
ܹɱʥȻԼҲСˣʱһڳͷҪΪĵˡ
ң֮Ĵ򶷣ȻᲨܣղֻߵߣݷеĹ
Ǵ췭ظĻ׵ĹﶼҪˣһһȺϹַŭǵ³ͲԤˡ
Ҫô
ʥƵĶŴ̫ӣ㣬еĹǽ˸ɭɭâһ֣Ȼ㵽ס
̫üһ˵ˣǶʱ䣬ǰǱ𻯳ŧѪˣ
̫˵һ֣Լת뿪
̫ӵ£ô졭
ڴ̫ߣһ񼶶ħڡ
ǻţؼʱҲܵƣ̽һ̽ʲôԵʲôΣգȵһжȷˣٶǲ١
Ƭ
ȻҪȥһߵˣ߰˳ɵİȷƬؾħйأ뱦ɽȴֶ飬ǻʲô
̫ӵĻܶħħ׷׸еԶԶǿƬɫоһͷſ޿ڵҰޣ˲ɫĺˮ˸֪û֪浽ʲô


2146 Ѫ
ιǼ
̫ɱ˺ǰվһӵĹͻȻתͷԶļ𼶶ħ֡
⼸𼶶ħСǼȲںˣҲڤˡ
̫֣һʱ䣬⼸ħɫҪѿжѿ
ѷպϵ̫ˣܶħԴһȣֱӾͳϵڵ£Ե־档
ǹûô
̫ӵȻǼ𼶶ħɥ̫˹
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𼶶ħ̫ӼͷһܽԷɱˡ
ԣ𼶶ħû÷ֻø졣
𼶶ħսľߵ˴̫ӵǰʱѾԼµܻᷢʲôˡ
٣ʲô飬ֻǺѡ̫Ϲ΢Цһǰҵʲôöǰ䣬Թƽ
̫˵ţЩ𼶶ħţһħЦ˵̫ӵ±ЦˣҸԵǧǰϹܵأĴزأиܣֻ̫ӵ鸣ĸߵȶħӵ֮ǰҲһʱͷԷȣų̾ʧ
һĶħ˵䣬ͷˡ
̫ɫһ䣬һɱϻ࣡
ͻȻȫħ֮Ȼһֻ֣ݺݵǺ˵Ķħץ˹
̫ӵʵλжǶһ㣬һλܹġ
ԼҲһ𼶶ħڴ̫ϣȴСһץסá
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λһУֱ̫˦˳ȥ㣬һߣǰʮԶҶԼĶħ֮ĳŵȡزأƽȻһݣˣУΥҵҾɱ㣡һ·Լѡɣ
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ԨħⷬɫѾȥʬ廹ס
ʲôƽһزأֿԴ
ȥ̽·ʯڻңɱķĵ磬֮ǰŧѪͰ׹ǵħ𣬾İ
㣡ԨħȻղűֵúûϣʵҲײУ
٣žܾӦĩŵĳϰɣ
ͻȻ̫Լţ𼶶ħɫһ䣬ϣȻ̫ȴЦŵ㲻ҪˣҸղץסһ˲䣬̽Ĺĩŵġĩħļ壬ҲĩŰɣԹҵĻˣҳȥĩűȻвΥңһĩţ
̫ӵĻޱȰԵĩ𼶶ħ巢
ٸһλᣬҲĩţһİ취ң㲻ӣҲа취Ϊ̽·ֻ鷳һЩˡ
̫ӵԽԽ䣬ԣƺѾĥˡ
ţզ࣬ںڰԨʵ˵³׸
ǸѹեԨħǱΣǰ̽·
̫ӵһˣԶԶĸš
ڻмС𼶶ħʱĸоʣǰǸùԨħˣһ̽·ģֵˡ
һϢǰѹֵÿ۳ˮ
Ҳȥ
ʥһ˵ȻеܣҲԸ
һۣҲ˵ͷ˵ǽѾյħ֮ʵͷųһЩ֪ȫ֮ͬ䣬ӦϵΣգӦܸ֪˿
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ʱ򣬴̫ӵĶ飬Ѿǰɱ˺ֻʮԶˡ
룬ѹǿңڶħܵһŨѪ֮·ԵƬѪصһ㡣
ҡҡ
Ǹ·ĶħɫòҰףÿһһһĶͷѾ亹ʵɱ˺̫죬ķʽ̫ҡ
ɣɣɡ
һıƽжħʮ־衣
ֱɣһɣߣǸͷԨħѾҪӴˮˡ
Ȼŵңȴãû
ѵƬνɱ˺ʵΣյֻƬأУĳµĴڣطΣգ
Щħͷ²⣬ɱ˺ǲһͷΣյĶħ֮ޣػߣֻҪܿôǾܰȫħµؾ֮У
ۿ̽·ĶħѾִɱ˺Աߡ
ĶħʱŻ˽ŲʱؼģǾҪɱ˺ǷΣա
˵ˮһеĸʴ֮ˮκζħȥһѰ׹ǡ
֣һ£
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ˣħԷģԥһ£׼ȡһˮʲôΣա
Ǿʱ󣬶ȻĲҽС

ھ߶Ƚ֮УԨħ࣬׷
ԨħԭúõվţͻȻоһ˫֮С
Ǿ͸ܵһɲΥǵ壬ֱӱϽ˵صף

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ǣǸղûصһ˲䣬ЩըħȫѾʴ˴룬ܶط¶ɭɭ׹ǣֻʱˣ


2147 籩
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Ƥ£¾ôδ֪ĴɱʼգûвɱµĶʲô
̫һӵصըļԨħڰȻǵƺմĳָʴԵҺ壬ڲϵĸãܿ죬ǵͳʧˡ
ħ˰׹ǣŧѪ˴֮¡
һĻ΢΢üͷβĸ֪Ҳ˵£ͬûзֵʲôڣЩ𼶶ħɱˡ
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ҲóȻУδһǵѡоԵδûпһͷβ塭
ħ֮Ĺд
ĿĻʲôܲùɱ߰ɡ
ʥԺöͷҲ޷ħ֮Ĺʱ򣬶ʲô顣
ҲǻԵؾ˺ݻ塭
ȵһȣ̫ǽˡµĶǵڶû̽
ʥ˵ţߣ𼶶ħĵĲһѺ˵ȵҲãȵҲá
Ƕ֪֮ԭߵʵͱȴ̫ǱоԵҲпǴ̫ĺôжħҪĻô
ʱ䲻˵ҲʲôûС
Ļһ
ţʲô˼ڤʵ
Ҳ籾Ѫ⡭ԵЩħģʲôǱڵµĹǴرƬɱ˺ͬһ֣ġ
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籾ɽеѪ⣿
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˵һУֻǳԼĸоܾƬ磬Щаԡ
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ʥһḧеĹǽҲо˲顣
ڣƺֻǰһ;ԭؾĳѾˣҵڣס
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ˮըˮڵĴһֻӡ
Ԩħһ˻ںˮоҵķ
жħסרĿķӦʱԨħֱӱˮʴɰ׹ǣͻȻʲôδ֪ĴڴӺгħˮֱһڳԵжħκ⡣
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ݴӺðԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ·ʲôҪӺ׳һ㡣
жħʱ񾾽ںеԨħɫ
һðʲôȻҪ꣬Ķ

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һֲֿ˺ħ֮ĹĿռ䣡
ôܣ
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ƬҪöࡣ
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ģԼʶ·壬һʱ䣬Χľ󣬶ȫģ
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һʱʶĻʮΣգǾ޴˺ȴоԼ·Ҫ˺ѣԳܡ
ȥƱػ꺣ʧأ
дӵ֮꣬ԼǿгţǼˣȻܲסɼ˺жֲˡ
ħ
Ȼ䣬Ժлһ⡣
̽Լʶϵħ֮УʱǹħģԹصϢӿԼʶ
ʶһЩǿ˶飬ܡ
ΧѾȫڣ谭Ӿǿ龰ȴһ
ߣЩħڤաʥѾʶ״̬


2148 ʥǰϣ
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ʱʥɫ΢΢ףһ˫գëĲţȻʥĶħûܳסղǾ޴˺ʧˡ
⵽ǡ
üͷ壬Լӵħ֣Ҳܲ
ע⵽ܶħ¶ʹɫƺھĳЩµ顣
ʱееĶħԽԽ
Ŀڤ˵Ԩħʥʶģ״̬¾ԼԽԽԶ
ڸ˵ԨħѾˡ
ǹ˺ʲô
˼΢ԥһ£ԷſħԼľϵ
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ڵ˵ǰΰѣֻҪԸ⣬ʱʶħУ˲״̬аѳҪ֪ص˺ʲô
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ǲˣþ֮У޷԰Ρ
һ丮龰ˣţϺħľ
ϤϤĳһһǳ
˵Ϻħ֣
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ԭʮ̵һĻʱɹĶãʧȥĸожҸ
ȻξļУȴȫһˡ
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ʱ˿̣ԭѾȫոտԼУϲ顢޻ڡ
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ȻĿţѪħҧĲӡ
Ѫ䣬ϵһб鶼ɲǼ̣ʱ·Ҳһ̳׶
΢ЦѪγĶԱȡ

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ֻһ̣ҧ⣬Ȼѹ
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һҵĴϢԼƺҪѸղſµξ
У֪Ǽٵģ꣬һֱħһ˿˿ϵǼھղŵ龰ʱҲ侳ĸоŭͱʹ֮޷԰Ρ
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Щǵʵ飬ǵĽķչ
ħ۹ʱԼļı޻ʶƣԼɱ
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ڤӣ·ĵˣԼһδεɱ
;Ҳħ˷֣Լģ˳ľ
컯ʥڻԼǿռСħɡ
컯ʥӴݲСħһĻٴʧء
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ʥħ𣿡
ţв֪ΪΣȻһֲԤС

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ʱʥɫѾȫҰףûһ˿һѪɫ
ʥתԲþޱǿ١
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ħҲޱǿ
У̫຦ºͿĶ

һڽǶľ޴ν⽨룬վһֻ߰СŮ
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ϣƺϡ䣬ҵʥӰӡ
һ˿ɰСŮʱ˿̣ȴմɺѪֱϣҲѪʯһС֣ץһ󽣡
󽣣СŮ廹ߣҪ˫һ𣬲ǿܽץȡ
ŴִĽѪϵµΣСŮΧĵϣҲȫѵѪ⡢࣬ȱʬ壬һ׳
СŮͷصĴ󽣽أСŮڵĴϢš
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ʱһĮ
СŮһ̧ͷ֮£¶һŴһСŮüģһĺɫƣһöһ㡣
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СŮѵĿڣʱСŮǰԶվһߡ
ݣǹ׵ʮ䣬ɫϣǻ壬Ҳʥ壬̫塣
սϣǲʱϢġ
ߵ˵ţĻ˻֣Զһդˡ
դ֮Уϲĺɫ
ǡԨħ
ΪĳԭԨħ
𣡡
ʮͷԨħСŮĿ⣬Ѫ


2149 ʥǰ£
ЩԨħУֻе͵ǻۣط̼Ŀ֮ѾҰˡ
СŮЩԨħ˲ޱ
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ЩײеԨħСŮһҧȻӶеĳ˸һͷһͷԨħСŮɱʬ
ʬѪȾСŮСȫմѪͬӵѪһ㡣
һ˿ɰСŮǰϵѪȣγǿҵӾţȳ棬֮֡
һȺԨħɱ꣬ǸɫĮȻֻһ֣һȺ񻯵Ԩħ˳
ЩԨħȸղŸ࣬ǿţٴСŮ
긴һ꣬СŮ֪˶ɱ
ΣΪʵУЩħ˺Ƭ
ֻˣһϢ
ÿΣᱻ̵ҩҺ֮У尾ֱ
ԽԽǿΪԽԽߣÿһ缡޾ĴһͯŮŮ
֪ʲôʱüĵӡǣһƣ
仨꣬ü֮䡣
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ûеҩûвһ˴ԽƽԭĻĹžսɱ¾
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޾ʬ֮УǾŮ
˫㣬ˮĺɫȹԣͬˮһк£ϣʡ
Ϣ·»Ϊһ壬ƬײеУԵø롣
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սϣǲɱҲ޹ء
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ѪɢɫĿƬȫգ󻯳޾ɺ죬ȾƬҺɫ硭
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Ұ磬ҲΪŮӵѤö޾ɫʡ
ŮӺޱģȼԼһУһ˲Ĳã·𻯳㡭


2150 ħ
еŮӻѤùӰһɲǣʥģ·һˣƺһʹһ̣ͬ˺ѵʹࡣ
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ξ֮У岻֮ܿ⣬һио侳
ܵҩԵĴ߻£ֿҰģĻ䡣
ѵѹֵһУδйľ
ȻҲͬʱܵˣµʹࡣ
Դ걾Դڻļı롭
ָоĿһҫǳû䡣
ûˣ֮䣬ǧ˿Ƶϵû䣬ҲΪԼ
֪䣬ʥоԼ۽һξӨˮ۽ǻ䣬ͬһ顭


2151 
žણ
Өˮϣѿ
㯵УѵޱȵǴʱմһ
һλᡣ
Щ꣬ڸлʹ֮ʱˮ
飬ʥЦ֪λᣬڴʱ˾£жôĲ԰ס
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ңʱҲһĽΪʱĻԣһ֡
ڰ֮̾Уԭ䣬ƺԶȥˡ
ʱʥѾȫš
ĿţǸһΨһǣˣվԼĲɲ֮£ʧȥеıԴ֮֮
ѾޱȼԼȫһǳ
һ̣ʥоԼһ
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ʱ̣ԼһƱԴ꣬Ȼ֪ƾ귢õĿжôã
˵Ѿˡ
ֽ֮һԶȫĩе˻ٵˡ
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ĬĬĵȴͬһƬߵķĹʵ˼ʱʱ䣬ԣ·ǧǰ
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ʲôɺ㣿û㣬ѾƮɱѾһ߱ʬˣӦ˵û㣬ҵʱͲ뿪ѾڴС
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ţţǵһԻڶߣȫĸ
ֱ˵㻹ǲֶΣΪ˴֮ĿģԼ嶼Եɹߡڷ˵磬ŮΪ˽ǮԼ壬ǣʲôأ
ⷬʥǼŮĻʥܴĲȻȴδʲôֻһ̾
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ʥԼƿնȥ·ȥһڴ֮ϣҲûа
꣬ûи汾ȥܴ½
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ԼۿЩľԼ꣬Ϊ۵ĴڣԼ޷׷Դ뿪֮ȥ˺ڰԨ
ڣȴξ֮УõĻᡣ
ξģϵһУķô
ʥȻ뵽һ㣬ȴҡͷ
Ҳ㿴ҲֻԼİɡ
ħ֮ĹؾͨҲܻϤļ䣬ԼС
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뿴һУֻԼġ
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ƬҰ֮Уƺõĳ˯ϵҶͳ϶ݡ
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ʥһͣϵĹ΢΢仯ʾʱĲȡ
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ˣ֪Ҫȥ
ʥĬĬĸ档
ɽԽӣι󺣣һֱһͬһɽ
ɽϣʥȫ֮·ո𲽵Ľͣڽɽ֮ۻ䡣
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ͣʥ΢ûаȤȥ˵֡
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˵Ļ̺һĪĵС
һ½˵ģ׹۷ĸоԼĶ·𱻴ʲô
ϣ޾ɽ壬һɽ壬ߵģһһֱȥ۽ޣԶҲɻ᲻Ϊһ߷壬۽ͻӶߵĸ߷ҵ¸߷壬һֱظ
½͵ĻþûصʥĶߣԼҲΪ̺ⷬĶ־Īĸл
ֶ־ʵҲ
һھ۵ʥ˸Ĳ
Ʒ֪㣬Ϳʱء
һֱȵ̴½˵ⷬʱʥȫˡ
ǻб⾳жôξ֮УͻȻⷬԭܳʥеĻȴļٵĲ
ĪĸоǾǣҲξпһУҲǼٵģǵʵľ
󽣿ͿеĸֵƽһеһУɫ
Щ⾳Լδй
ߵĸ򣬲ǰ㣬һʱдһƪƪĽ£ͨǵܽ
˵Щ򣬾ǵ
½͵ŨŨķɫʣʥԺУȫûЩ˲Żеģ
οЩԸйأʥԼƣôξǿ⾳ڣ
ѵǰһУԼģǵ飿
뵽ʥͷ


2152 
ΪԼξгļ䣿
˵ħ֮ĹУôļ䣿
뵽ʥ־ء
ʥ벻ףڣֻĬĬĿ
ģڲš
ڴΪ֪
ǸġǺ£¿¼ŵȥ
֮λʹǱ뿪˽ɽ
һ·򱱣սưܡ
ΪԿµٶȵˣѾȫȫĳΪһˡ
ÿÿҹʥȻͦñֱȴį¼ŵıӰģǱһ㡣
꣬ʥ뿪ʱδԵʱָоȴȫȫһġ
侳ܵһվʮ۷壬һľţһ䷲ţֻʣ¼ʮʱľΡ
ǰ־ˣҲ޷Ĵ
ʥһֱȥɣǡ
ЩСĽʿؤԷ򣬿δģɫɫķˡ
ӹһĴʩһӼƷζζʱʥ˫Ŀ֪ѾһƬʡ
޷ڵ꣬Ѿʱһ֮䣬ʧȥһеʱ˶١
ȵɻɱҪ̡
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ϡ
ĮƮŶëѩ֪ʲôʱʼɫò԰׺ѪɫȫסĿѪ
һһΡ
ʥ֪ȳǾѪ
Ȼ˥Ȼʱǿ󣬻ѪԼԦǿҲܲ˹ǿѪ֮ұ£ͻЩѪȳȥ
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ٴԼĹѣ˵ø֪ҵġ
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ǸСŮӴڱҵޱصʱΨһһҸһˮС
ֻǶԸˣȴΪԼˣѪֹ
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ոЩˣһ˱ϣѾ̫ˣĶ
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ˣͷ棬ǵһؤ
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ֻŹ¼ŵıӰĬĬ뿪ˣϦ֮£Ǳͦݵģ·һ룬ʥġ
ϡ䣬ʥΧһжģˣȫ汬֮ǰԼʱԼ˵Ļ
ҼǵáһǷʱһλ˸ңҪǿȥ䣬պһӣֻڴϣҵĻشǡͬһŻ棬ϰ֮˱գеĿʹΣղֲ˻ΪҽԡֻһֻСķɶ꣬ҲԥĳŻУȥ֮һϣɻ˵Ļᡭ

ҲǷҵ·һԼȥߣԼѡ಻ڣ

ֻȻףֻ̡ں쳾ɣһ˻ǰ

ʥֵ֪֮ģɶҡ
꣬ʥȰͷϾʱֻʥڵ۴һ濴ϯصĴ˳֮У΢һС˻ܼ
һʵСҲʧȥ޾沨ֱܿӸ
һ磬ڼܵ£Ѱһˡ
תս̫Ϊһãϣȥ̫Ѱ֮
Ǿһˣڣʥȴֻܿ¼ŵıӰǲɺѪ
ת䡭
ʥڲ
ûЩԶ޷Щѵ׻ﵽ̶ֳȡ
ôˣȥô
ǰһУѾǧǰĳˣΣ״ֲôá
ƺҪӡ֤ʥĲ²⡣
ʥȥһɽȱչء
ʥĿѾȫʱȻʼɢ΢꣬޷ԼѪ֮ΪɴԽΪһֱܹصĶΪֹ
ɻиʹࡣ
޷˵ȥ
ƺƶɵ
ôܣ
ʥҡͷܵģ΢֮Ҳв򣬿ɢᵽͻȥ
һжΪֹ˰ɣԼܿӰֻмˣϿȣյķĹ
һж֤ԼϵһЩ΢ãϣʵֻʥԼοˡܵ漣Լ㽵һв漣ǲܡ
ɢеͷһһ¡ÿһë׶ʼ侫ѪѪ
еʹ֪࣬
Ȼʱ˿̣˵ҽһıȴûһ˿һŤ
ʹ࣬һܣֻ
£ǰѾһƬ·
ʥĲٿˣѾԤϵĽ
ʱţ޾ʹУҧ֧š
һ꣬ꡭ
ȫưܵȻҧ֧ôãһߣ۶ˡ
־̫ǿ
ʱ䣬ľѪѾȾɽ᾵ʯϣ̵Ѫ
ʥ֪ٴΣſڵϸŻͷϹѪ飬ҧ촽ʮָֺǶʯ֮УѪ
Ȼɲһɲĺݾ
ʥ̾Ϣ˫ĿѾһƬ롭


2153 ̥
ոһգ긴һꡣ
ɽУȻ״̬֮£Ӳĳʮ꣡
ʮѾһĺˡ
ԭıӰȻįʼͬһһ㣬ͦñֱ
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ƣ۾޹⡣
ʥĸеҪˡ
ĽŲѾƽܸͨܲӿ
ǽˡ
ʥ۾ȥȻĸ֪һС
ۿ˫Ŀٵǣٵʧ
ٺ嶼ܶˣήļѾȫ̱ԽԽ΢һ˿΢Ļɢɢ֮䡭
Ѿˡ
һ̣ʥо꺣е꣬ȫʧȥɫʡ
ȴƣʱ̣ڼȵʹ֮£ûзȥһ߸ڵϣ
߳ƵţյĽȻֻһµλ棬һֶûеĻɽɽ֮У¼ŵȥ
û֪ƬСɽ˶ô˲Ĵ档
ʱʥѾᡣ
Ȼ֪ﾲغţһֱغоԼķ·Ӳһ顣
ļסеλãҪܴ½ҵ⴦ɽʬǣʬԼ硭
һһ꣬ʥɽУ֪غ˶ʱ䡣
غѾ㹻ˣȥˡ
һȥʥȴͻȻסˣҪȥҪ
ͻȻãˣƺߵһģʵʥһꡣ
ȱʧⲿ꣬·ͻȻ˻ȥ·
˵ûлȥ·
֮ʮ죬ǺڰԨûһļҡ
ʲô
ȫůܰ
ϣһطȫůܰ
ʱ޿̶ҪѹԾϲˣԶթ
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ûһɵĵطûһطܱ⴦ݼŵɽһɽеʬİ
뵽ʥͻȻҲ뿪
һ»Ұһ㣬һֱεǵԼΪʲôƺֻʣغ򡭡
оԼ·ʧȥʲôҪĶȴô룬벻ˡ
֪ʱȥ˶ãƺ޾޾ͷ
ĳ˲䣬ƺͻȻʬϣһΪɼĹ⡭
ǵĹ⣬ƺһһ˸ģǸ֮ϣƿĳعϵķġ
ǵĹⱾҲƺӵ޷ݵϢƮʥü֮䡣
һɲǣʥģĴһս
·جоѣȻһһ̣ǰĻþͬһˣ
âһ޾ͷ۸ӵķɹʥȻ֮䣬صһİĴ֮С
ʥ亹ܣ긦֪ղԼЩʧξ֮У޷԰Ρ
ǡħ
ղſһУΪħųΪޱǿҵִһһεǣĻᡣ
ļµĺۼ̫ˡ
ʥһ˻ɫҪԣעһûϣʱûκܹΪʥļУΪ˭ᱻ׷ϣԶԶ
ʵޱȵĹ¶Ҫһ顣
Ψһ飬ȴֻˡ
ħɵĳ֪ħʱµͷǡоþе綼ʵãԼӻþˣһˣעʧ
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ħʱĻþô
ǵʲô
ʥоǵʮϤԭӦȻԽŬȥ룬Խģ
ʱ˼еʥͻȻоһݣһɿֲϢٽ
Ȼ̧ȥʥһɫ԰ף˫Ŀ΢΢ǣɢŨ꣬Ӻڰл֣վǰ
ͬɥʬһĲ꣬ǻۣ
ʥһ
ۣ⣬ǣΪڴʱ˾мۣ⵽ξʵ
оԼļˣȻӸոյξѣ·ʲôҪĶˡ
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һ˲䣬ʥȫԭû˾»ۣͻȻʶһµ飬৵һ£Ѫɫʧ
۲ƣʥɫ԰ףˡ
һεκˮʥͷ䣬Ϊʱ˿̣ʶ˿ܷʲô
գ۽ʥƵǽǡ
̵һЦָʥС˵þתס㸹е̥ǵ̥ķϵͼڶħ֮Ӷң
㽫⸹̥ǧ갡ʱеʱ䣬һ궼ֹడ
ôĪΪ̥ܽô
ʥҧأһԣƣȴĵֽ䣬ѾϵֽеĹǽ
Ҫңۿʥ·ЦЦһжҸģĹҽ̵ģ㾹ȻΪԼܷң
۴ЦţȻŷ޾ɱ
ȻһƣʥСӡ

ʥһŭһ̣Ϊ˶ŭ˵ĸһе۳֣
˿âĺɫǽʥģŻۣݺݵģݺݵն
Ȼһȴָֻ׾ٵסˣ


2154 
һܺðʵٶȣǸ˴ľϲ
۴ЦͬʱڻΧµӿʥȫ˲佩Ӳȫܶˣ
۵һƣ֮ͣƲɵʥСӡ
ڻϣһɹɷӿϢʥȫѪҺȻ̣ƴҪȻ

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һ̣ģǸоԼʹֻǾУ˲ʧȥǼΪҪһ֣ҡ
ˣ
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ʥоԼʶȫģСľʹȴ֮ʹ֮һ
оԼޱȵĿЦԼͷβֻһ߰ˡ
ҪԼѵһУµʲô
ϣȻȴֻٵˡ
ΪδްɫʣȻ뿪ܴ½뿪ʮ죬ڰԨʱͻȻ֣Լˡ
һʥһĳҵ顣
ޱȸӣ֮ǰȫûԼȻһ졣
û뵽Ѿⶳģעһ飬մȾԼȻΪһ׼衣
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ӵĳ֣ʥ
ӵĸףֻĸУΪԭû취
Ǹʱ򣬻۸ոձչ֮ꡣ
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ʥһ׵׵ķˣںڰԨٳһʮ磬̫ūΪľǷϢ
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׹أѧɳӣȥޡ
ֻӶݵƽĳڻ۳֮ǰȥ׵׵ΪԼһˣԼ֯ξ֮С
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·ɲǼ䣬ȥУһһ۵֮ͯǰˡ
衭ҺȡͯͻȻģƺΪʹ࣬лңˡ

Ļ𣡣
ʥһʱˣ̽ԼС֮Уʱ׹Ԩ
СһͬپһеԨ֮𣬰ĺӣҪСˣ
ǻ۸ղһƣԼڵ

ʥоԼıӲøˣ˫ƴİԼСϣԼĺ֮кͻ۵аͬʱĺӣ
Ȼʥĺ֮ӴԨ֮ȴͬ˹̵ˮ֮У׷ڡ
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̫Զˣ
裬ҲҪˣʹ
ҪҪҵĺӣ㣬סס
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ʲôЦ콾ʲô۷壬ԼĺӶˣ
衭ҿܡֲءںþðǵô˶ˡʵҺܿһۡ
ҵ衭һƯ
ֹͯסˣͷ·˯֮бϵ߽һ㡣
ʥ˫ڲҲڲǡСваϢ΢
һеһУûдڹ

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֮УΨһļУˣ
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Ѿֵסˣ
ǣ
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Ѿ˹ȫʱ򣬱ڳױˡ
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һ죬ɿӿֱӽͬһ˺Ƭ
һӡǣһֱʥʶ֮УȻһ̣ױˣ
ͬʱǧʱգһƬຣ֮Уݹڳ
Ƭຣ֮ϣһһͷѩ׳ɫ԰׵꣬һѰ׹Ƕѳɵĵ֮ϣϢ
ֻģϣȴɢһʬе
ʮۣ
ȡ֮һֱڱչء
ƾ꺣ƾݹǳȴͬһʯһ
죬еȻ˫ۡ
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ôܣ
꣬Ȼվѩİ׷ٲһ
ǹž޲֪δйҲı飬ʱȴǴ㵺Ͳ֮ɫ


2155 
ȻҵġӡǣʵǾܵ顭
ʵĪ˵ʥʮͺڰԨϣҲû˭ܽ⿪µľӡǡ
ΪǵӡǣʥʶһˣҪӡǿн⿪ᵼʥʶ
ǵӡֻʥԼ忪
׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ֣ĴָʮָһһݼţҪʲôһĻķ
Ȼķ֣ƺвסԼߣ塣
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۾ſຣ֮Уããʬǣվع
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Ŀǰȫ֮ͷȴ¡
ʥΣҲʱ䣬ʵԼƿصĳ̶ȡ
ʱħ֮ĹУʥѾ԰һ˿Ѫɫղһ˲ȼ꣬Լ޷Ϊüȼ
⼸ǲܵ飬Ȼȴˡ
ڵ֮Уз˵ĸףԼĺѹڷ֮УԭŮӣȴܱԶӵƿٽĴʯӾȳ
ոյʥҲˡ
ĸԵ
ȻĹ͸֧֮ļʱʥħ֮УѾԵֵħϮ
Ѿʧȥʶ

ʱɱ˺ĺףһƬĵ¶֮УһĸߴĶħڶһʬԱߣָʬֱ֮Уһһħ֮
ղŵħγǿȷǳֲӵħӰСˡ
һħĹĻȫԴͷβıѡ
ɱ˺֮У½֪ãձһ׵ĵ¶֮С
¶ʧȥʶһԨħ
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ħ֮УЩԨħԳܣ걬֮ǵĻ꺣ˣѪҲڻţò˶ãͻΪˡ
һĻ龰ипһЩȥĶħԭҲһħ֮Ĺȴڻһ㣬ֻ˵ħ֮Ĺļֲ̫ˡ
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΢΢ԼʱĻõĳ˯ȥҲԻ꺣ԵĴˡ
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ʥؿھҵţƺûʧȥԣһеĶԼ֣ϱˣϾڣĶ֣ûзʸ

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ƫƫʥʱΪԼе飬ںӵϢС֮Уй¶
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ʥѾôѪ׼ϾڣܶܵȫûκλȨ


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2158 ս̫

̫ܵĿǳԣʥŭ˫Ŀ֮УŷʵԵɱ

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2163 ɱ̫

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2164 ڤ
ϣԶ飬ԭʥУ϶ѾˣҲûȻںڰԨʮ˲ħ֮ĹУ
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죬ȴڱپһ̣˺ӵĸס
һӵʱ䣬֮еķ籩ŽƽϢȥ
Ѿڷ籩ʼʥԵӦʱ򣬾뿪ʥߣ˴̫ӵǰ
ڸղĽУ̫Ѿ˽ټ䣬˿ֲ籩
ڣѾһϢˡ
һۣǼѵĹҪЦһ£ǾʱȴĮǹǹ⳯£һǹ̴˴̫ӵʺ
ۣ
̫ӵĺᱻҵĲѪʺ֮ð˳Ⱦµĵ档
ǹǴһ̫ӵʬ
̫Ųӣ֫أԲϢԽԽĳ׶ˡ
ħһ̫ӣħ֮Ĺ
һץס˴̫ӵֱۣתɷšˡ̫ڻ۵ħ֮ԴԴϵĳȫԼ塣
̫ӵеħ֮ΪḻЩ֮оԼٴαǣޣԽԽˡ
ԼڵѾˣֻҪչһʱ䣬ܳޣ
̫ӵʬժ˴̫ϵֽ䣬֪һɨһЩֵƵĵҩ֮⣬һɫĵ伮
Ȿ伮ȡ˳֮鵱е֮飡
֮飬ڤ˾Ĺ֮ڴ˴ħ֮ĹһУⱾ֮飬ȴħգȻǾĹʵԭƿزԼļ֮顣
ͬڤеļ֮飬Ǻħа֮顣
ɱ̫Ӻħ֮Ĺ֮飬ȫˣʥһ
֮ˣлͷתʥ
֮䣬ֻɵľ룬Ȼһξ룬ȴƺԽңԶʱա
ʱǧ꣬ټʱе£زֹ
ʱ˵أڴǰٰζͷж໰ȴ֪Ӻ˵
ؾģʹ̫ӽֵನһš
ĬĬߵʥǰ֣ĲʥǵѪ˿
㡭ΪʲôںڰԨΪʲôΪԨħ
ӳĬһ֮ȿˡ
ʥĿһۣ˵⣬Ҳġ
Ȼشҵġ
šʥͷµûʲôˣ֪飬ȫ㣬ΪҾ֮µӡǣײģȼ͸֧֮ķʽˡ
ӡǣ
һʥӡǵüͷѵǡūӡ
ūӡȫᱻֲߵ˼룬ȫΪԼʵūͣܶߣԸҲԸⱻֲūӡ
ʥҡͷūӡūӡȻܹȫһˣֲūӡ֮󣬶Է˸ͻɥʧˣˣ죬ȻҳϺãΪʧȥ˸ҲȱʧʧȥǱͳɳĿܣܳɳΪǿߡ
Ҫģһܣһ֣һԶһĽš
ֲģֻһöӡǣʮ壬ԨħУ͸ˣֲ뾫ӡǺ󣬿ıҵ˸˼룬ܹҶԻ۵һޣֻҡûа취ΥΪֻҪһͿӡǣҵж
ʥ˵̾һЩʹı۾ëţ⼸۵ľӡһֱǱԺУĳɳϼӹ̣ʼգӡǾͬһ޷ơ
ѹָУʥһ
һƿӡǣʥоԼͬգδ󺣣еˬʥ̲סᡣ
ԭˡ˵ͷʶʥʱ򣬾͸оʥһֱۿţȻˡ
ô˵ںڰԨҲǻ۵˼
ʵʵ²ˡ
ǣʥͷ
ڤзͬѰĹϵֻߡ۾ڤ䲻ʵ
²⣬Ѿˡ
ʥݣںڰԨˮڤˣߵĵλû˸ʥ
˵ʥǻĸ߼ûߵ˵Ҳʵںվסš
ôܵľǣۺڤ֮䣬ĳϵǸɴһˣˣһж͵ͨˡ
Ҳ˵ʥʮͺڰԨӵ˫ݣ
ʥ΢΢ҡͷ˵˵Ĳһ㣬ʵӦ˵ڤӦ˵ڤǻۣ
ţ΢΢һʥ֮
ڤǻۣҲ˵ףһԨħ
壬ʮ壬һ壬ȻһԨħĿ֮£
뵽ıĪһɺ⣡


2165 ֮
ǡô£һʥ
ʥ֪ʮ죬ǰһսһսʮ棬ʮ̫ȫɣ
˵ͷȻ󣿡
꣬·˴ʮ̫ӭԨħͼڼħսڴսеĹУ̫ӡ˺ڰԨһи׳нֱնԨħ·ʱʮ컹ԨħаͼڼħԨħûϵʮзӡڰԨ
û֧ԮûвԨħˮһսı̫˺սɱ˵ڰԨķӡǳսת۵㣬ڰԨûзӡĻԨħϢܾԴԴӿʮ죬Ȼʮ츲𡣡
ʥ˵ͷϣʥ˵ʵ
۰ǰڣʮ춼ǺڰԨĶ֡
ϾԨħϹԪǵǧΪλۣʮܱģľҪǵ£ǿĿ塣
ˮһսԨħȻʧˣ̫ΧˣǣȴͼڼħǶŤʱճ˯Ǹʱ·Ѿʧ١
ǰ巢ʲôҲ׵ʱͼڼħҲֻ֪֪ʱͼڼħ˼ʮǰֻڤͻˡ
ڵͼڼħǲǰǰЩͼڼħҲܿ϶
ʥͻȻ˵仰һݣʲô˼
ʥҡͷ֪е̫ˣ֪൱ޣۣҲ˽⣬ֻ֪֣֪ܿ£
ʵϣۻԲ׳֣Ϊǰʮ۶ˡ
ʲô
д󾪣Ļۡڵļٻ۶ˡǻǡ
ͻȻо巢ܳΪ۵Ҳλ񣬶ҿλеٮٮߡ
ôϢıٻ۶ˣֱڣЩǣǶû
λֲۣ̫ˣ
ǧʥһֱذʼգ嶼
ĸоغ͹죬һֱŪ׻Ҫʲô
ڣʥϣս˽֣ɱԪ
ʥԭԵ׳ȴֲûܳԵ壬
ս뽩֣ʥ໥ģǻ뿴ģ
ȵʥսĽβǲǿܡڰԨĶħٶɱʮ죿
Ǹʱʮ컹еֿ֮ô
˵ڰԨڷסˣ˭֪ڣܷסڰԨأ
뵽ͷ亹乣ʥЩٵʵ˵ڵļٻ۾ڤǺڰԨڤأ
Ƿʥһ˿֮ɫʮǰڤ˷ʵ㹻Ϳͨ̾ϢڣǱغڰԨڵġڤʵϣôڤٳֻ֣һܰˣڤֲֶ޹ؽҪһ㣬˾ηڤƿߣǻۣҡڤͯڤϵȵȣǻ۲µӣЭڤƿڤ
ʥԽ˵ԽǸе㤣ʣһҪʮ֡
ĶִͲ컯ʥʣʮ飡
Ҹô졭
һ̣ĸеԼϵľ޴ѹ
ԭΪش٣ʮ̾Ϣǽʧʥ塣
սʤʥ壬پȹˡ
֪ڰԨĴڣⳡٿĴһֲ
ĵһ֡ʥ壬δսʤӭ˵ڶǿĶۣ֡
һȫ˽⣬ȴоԷѾȫ˽ԼĿ¶֡
£ʤ
ܵĽǣʥĬ
ʱޱȸӣոն˵ЩܣԨħľܣʵ˵͵ڱԼ塣
ǣ˵˳
ϣڰԨʮ츲𣬲ϣⳡս֮Уϣ۾£Ļ³ʮҡ
ʱͻȻʥһһٵʵԨħ𣿡
ʥһ£ʶľҪͷУֳָһ˿ɻ󡭡
һֱΪԼǺڰʹһ塣
Ȼڰʹһ徿ʲôںڰԨ屾ޱϡ٣ޱء
ҡ
ʥħξ֮Щľ
ǸԨħɱĺСŮԼߣǿĮ飬ʵһֱϸչ˺СŮ̫ˡ
ǸڹµϣԴ˳һɳŮ
ǸսɱѪԼǽסڰԨľŮӡ
ǵĶͷϣԼһľתӡǣҲԼһģһ
Լ
ûпܣЩ䣬Լǰأ
ʥã
ʱͻȻ˵̫ڵ棬·µĽ֮Уǽһ麮Ǻһ飬ӳǰϹΪߵĶ֡
ԵжУһŮӣøһģһ
ĵ˵ⷬʥһ˵
㻹֪ʲô
һ֪ϣһ߿ݹǡ


2166 ϲ
֮ڣݹǡ
ʥĬѾˣǰǾŮѪԼɫƬһ𻯳ڣ˺ڰԨ
ǸŮӾ˭ԼĹϵ
飬ʥ벻ͨ
ǰǰŮӣ㶼֪Щʲô
ʥ̾һʮָǰһˮһųһ̣ǰҵĻۼݻһĻĻ
Щʥħ֮Ĺħξпġ
ξеһУʥѾģ壬ҲֻǽԼӡļ棬ǰ
ĬĬĿţŮʱԵĵѵҲŮʱ򣬾ɱ
գ涨ŮѪԼڵĳ
һĻ𺳣૵˵ԭԭˡ
Ͽס˺ڰԨĽܷѩСͨڵʱ֮СͻȻʧΪϿ˽ȥ
СԭϿݻ壬ϿٻأҲ֮е顭
ԭһֱСںڰԨʲô⣬֪صϿ֮С
ˣŶС˵Ͽڲռ䣬ӦȫȫĵطˣڣϿѾڣͼڼħˡ
ֻǣǰѪԼŮӣʲôϵѵǲ𣿡
ʥһۣȻʥҲд𰸣ǰʥ
Щ꣬㵽׾ʲô
ʥĿеɫʮָӣġΡϲáпָۺʥҲ˵ĸо
ޱȹУȴ־ԡ
ǱʶҪӽĿȻȴܸоԷʵԼ̫Զ
ìܵʥоԼ֮䣬ƺʼմһεĽޣǷָ
ʼŽ޵ı߽ߣһֱСԽһ
˵ˣϢɡ
Դʥһľνۡ
мĥѣҲ߹緢
һʥüġ
֮һǧ꾭֣ݵʥĻ꺣С
ȻϢٶȺܿ죬δݣǺʱһӵʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ʥһзܶһСȴδ˵ľǿߡ
ӿѡٵɽ𣬺ܶʱǿ߲ʵǿҲļ̲Ρ
һУ壬ʥ֮в֪ʲôо壬Σᣬۣνζӡ
ֱһ֮˳ʥƽ飬ƺҪյĳĬΣʵӣӣðɡ
ղݵĹȥܾϸţԼˡѣһʴˡ
ЩҪصϢħȻҲûй
ʥȻҲڸղԴ̫ӵսпħ˹ħĲ²⣬ֻǳ֪Ȥûпѯʣ·δһ㡣
ţǺܺá
˵䣬ʶĵĿһʥС
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ʥҧ촽˫ĬĬС֮ϡ
ԴС֮ʥоԼž޲
ײľҲǰȫע֮ϣתƵԼк
֪ԼܵġǰʥѾһ֪ԼδʲôĽΡ
ֲԤУеĺӣΨһľС
ӣѾҪһˡ
ʥһͻȻ̧ʥСȥ
ʥһʶĺһȻվҧ촽ֹס˲ӣĿ
ڣʥƽ̹ϸСϡƣһůڵĸоЩ顭
ʱһ̷·ͻȻ
ؾ֮УţһֻĴʥС˵Ļ꺣ޱȣƾһӴǾܸܵ˴˵겨ų
ųڵĸоޱ
һ̣ҲĴʥڣ̥ܵ
ǹɲϣѪ
ʣĺӡ
һĳƣ̧ͷʥʥڵУӳĵӰ
㲻㡭⿪ӡ𣿡
ͻȻڣʥ̾һ˵ӳۻ֪ģȻ忪ڵľӡǣһڻ۵Ǳڣû취𡭡ֻҪڣۻǿԿҡ
ʥ˵һ˿Ȼ
ӵеͬʵȴԼĺӶˡ
԰ѺӸҡ
һ仰˵ʥһ
Ӹ
ǺӵӽȻõܺõչˡ
ǣ뵽Լļнȥʥȴһ˿޷ʹ
ӽˣǻۻǻ֪Ի۵ŭ
ʥԼǻ۵ӣȻ֪˻۵֣ȴ֪۵ÿһҪߣΪӵܰȴģҲޱҵĽ֡
ǡ
ûѡ
ĺֻиһ
УΨһϣۿˣϣʮֵã
ʥҧҧ˫ĸԼСĵţҹ߽
ҵĺӣҲӡˣ
˫ᶯǵһ㣬ʮָнûţһʥСǹһ˸
ӡĽ⿪ˡ
һһ㡣
ŷӡȫ⿪ʥСʵ΢⡣
΢⣬ںڰؾ֮УһȺөۼһ
΢֣ʥ֮ͫУһˮ
֮һͬ£֮۵ѿɵ֮ģ˳
Ǿǧĳ˯һ˰˸жϢ
ǿʼϣ
ʥĺӣҲĺӡ
һ̣ʥĸееСƺΪǧķӡѳԼݳޱۣޱϲõ顣
Сƺչ壬Сһ½š
ԼСģĴʥ˲ͷһһ̣ˮ
ˡ
ʥ죬Щ壬ǵĸ׵ĸоܹӵÿһγɳִԼ֮һϲãݵġ
ҵĺӾҪˡ
ʥۣëţһ̣ͻȻãƺһжҪˡ
ֻĵȴӵĳ
Լĺӣ񡭡ǸŮԼô


2167 С
ӡ⿪֮ʥľѾȫע˺ϡ
ⶴؾ֮УӵоԪħ֮ʥÿմնԪȴǹԼ֮ĺӳɳ
ҲΪӡ̫ãһӡ⿪֮СʼĳɳʥɶԪȻһβʣյˡ
ֳɳٶȣÿֲˡ
ʥⶴ֮һ۴˴ʱ䡣
ʥСѾ΢΢¡ÿŸкӵĳɳϲ䣬¶ĵ΢Ц
Ȼֻź͵ݣȫ⿪ӡȫȫԼĺӣһ飬ʥȴãĻܰİŵҸ
ֻǣʥЩ̾ϢǣٽĴʱ䣬ڴɣ򽫺ܶʱоµĶħ񣬻жħҧŵͭŹס
żĿԣȴҲֻǼ򵥵ʺ򼸾䣬˵ЩʲôҲǹؾĲ²ͷ̽֡
֮⣬ʥͻûʲôˣҲΪǧǰģͳ޵ĿʼҲΪûܿԷģûܿԼģ֮䣬һֱľ롣
һұΪ˴֮𣬻Ϊ²ȷδδֵܳ
Ϊ˱󱯾δˣ˭Ըȿһ
ʱţʥСά־룬һֻҹ֮еģ߹еè
ֻǣʱҹŸеĺţбС

ʱȥ꣬ʥž޲żܴ˴˵겨ų۶ǶʥԣųĽӴһõľ
ֱһգеʥͻȻۣһ̣еС֮Уһޱ
һģģ۵ѽѽ𣺡衭衭Һ㿴㰡
ȻΪ΢ȴʥȻһ
ħξʱξԼкӵû뵽ʵУԼӽҪʱȻҲܿ˵ħؾмΪƣ
ħξеȻǼٵģξеľʥһѺ
Ѿģ·ǣɢҲξеһĻݣ
ӣɳܿܿˡ
ʥһ΢΢˵һ߰ĸԼС
ʱԭоħȻҲԼӺʥ֮ĶԻ
΢΢٣ӰһѾʥǰ
˵ˣ
гϲԼĺӣĸо˵ˣԣǷ˾Բеġ
һȻһľˡ
ʥûüͷеСòȷʵǡְ֣
СȻ۲ӣȴԼȥ֪硣
ԣСԼǰְ֣ӿһ˵ĸ飬㡢ԺҸСӵ뻳Уúúǻ
ϧδ
úóɳˣְֻ书ȥˡ
ĵ˵
ȻʥеСȴӵ˵ְϲô
Ȼ˼Ļش⻹
ǡ۵ЩԥΪʲôûңҲңһֱ˵ûи˵أҾðְֺİء
ͯȴһشһ㣬һӰˡ
ȻԶԡ
ǵģǰĴʥСΪ˸ʥСкӵȷСǲԼĹ⡣
֮ҲûԼĺӣΪӣʵͬʥ
ڸԼĺ˵֪Сʶǰ£Ǿ͵ǶʥС˵ʵе׳յ顭
ʥһڶСĺСĽ㡭
С˵İһҲû
裬Ҿðְֺϲء
СƺƶԼĸоˣͯصʥĶߡ
ˣȫסˣԭִһԼĺӣָո̧һ룬ȥҲǣջҲǣ֮
һʥȴӣԼСԭ˵䡰ְô᲻ϲǡĻǻߣȴ˵ڣΪƺûеô˵
̧ͷһۣ֪ʲô顭
ְֹȻϲأûͱˣһǸˡ
ͯȴһ̾ģƺ̺һݺͯĽ
ʱЩǲŹ־СһС˼Ҫˡ
ղ۵Ѿһ֣ı˵ĸо
ĬĬĸסʥʥеĺӡ
˵ְϲ㣬δʲôѣʲôΣգְֶվǰչ㣬㡭
ʥţһʱЩӲ˼ҵĲ֪˵ʲô
ҲᱣôСʵ
ᣡ
󣬵ȴ
ʥĲһ£Լеĺӣ۾в֪䣬һ
֪δΣֻҪ¸ҵȥԣδʲôʲôϵأ
ʱḽʥĶߣ˵ħ֮Ĺ󣬸߰ɡ
һ䵭ֵĳŵûлĴҲûŮ֮ĺɽˣȻ򵥵һ仰ȴʥһԭеˮ¡
ҵǵġ
ʥȻ˵ȻѾ¸ҵȥԣȴûһֱԻ۶ԣǺҹеĵߵﶼ׵ҵ
һŵѾ㹻ˡ
֪ʥգһУȴһɳڣȵףԲһʥ壬Ϊҵҵһ˿Ϣ֮ôΪʲôҪȥδأ
˵ţʥģģӵ˻С


2168 ħ
ԴСһԼʶ˵֮۵ͯʱʱڶ
ҲΪӡ̫ãСһر𲻰֣һʼƺΪڲ֮ˣ֮ͻ˯ȥ
ǺСһԽԽٽҲԽԽŹ־飬ʥʶ̡
ǰʥ·ԭطЩȻû⣬ǾʵôһˣôУʥΪˡ
ǧܴ½ľʵڲ֪ôСһϸ˵
ÿʥԴ赭дĴСһȴ׷
ԴˣΪ벻ףԼĺôûͻ˵ôϡŹֵͷѲ̳ԼʥһЩô
һȥСһԼ֡ΣСоŶ
ʥµģħξ֮εԼĺӣεǧ
ĳ˵¶Ľ⿪ӡúӳҲΪһħξ
ȻζǱ
Ŷ֣Ϊʥ˾תǾŴΡ
СһĵʥĹϵҲࡣ
ģʥɱ˺֮Ѿȥʱ䡣
ʥСѾ¡ܸˣСһҪˡ
һ죬еʥͻȻ֮£һɫ⣬ŨѪȪһ˳һŨŨɷ
ʥһ̷֪ȥôˣ
⼸֪꣬һֱоµĶħͭŹףоʲôˣʥȴûйʡ
ǰޱصģǣǧǰħϹؾʥȻܸȤҪ̽ʲô˲õܡ
ڣΪҪеıʥЩаԺɱ¾֮Ϲͼڣ;Զ֮ˡ
죬ͻıʱʥʱһʲô顣
һѾ±ߣȴµǸħƺֿЦһ㣬ղŨɱġ
ħ죬ѾſеǿͭŹףҲȻˣ
ʥһȴ֣ͭŹ֮УһڸСһЩĹײġ
ⱻ򿪵ĴײģӦġ餡СײģʬĹס
ײڲ龰ʥü
ײ棬İɫѪǿСײģͽѪˮ֮Уȥޱаʮ㣡
·ײзӡĳֻаħ˿һۣ֮С

ʥЩǣЩûעͭŹףҲ֪׷ʲô
裬ǰʲôװ
Ŷʥ˫һԼǰ˶ħͷųһɱ
ʥʵѾָ֮࣬ǰΪ͸֧ܵľˣҲħҽˡ
ħĴڣûбܻʥʥͿˡ
ʥȻжħѾ˲²⣬ȴδѯ
ɱˣСһʱ࣬һƣܿ˯ˡ
ʥʵҪף
˵ͷǣ⼸꣬һֱоħ񣬻йŹеĶҸопܲûʲôԵһƬ֮أ
ħ֮ĹУÿһܵأоԵЩطǴֶѡԵգȴδذŻԵһĳ֮أҲǰˡ
һƬɱ˺ôǿĶħȴֻʣʥˡ
ݻ᲻Σգʥʵĸеĺӡ
ҡͷҲµûĻײеĶһ̫Σա
˵ţǼħɵʥǰ
ħʥͷתţһڹʥˡ
ħӻʥ;Ŷӷģ˫ᰴǿСͭŹ֮ϣơ
СһЩĹŹףûзŹ֮Եķ϶ײѪǴ϶ȥġ
ʥס֪ײʲô
һһģСײĵĹ׸ƿ֮¶ģһƬѪء
СײĶѪҺˣЩѪҺ·𱻷˲֪꣬Ѿȫڣ̣
֪޷ЩѪҺ֮У·ѪҺ֮µģһضа硣
Źײȫ򿪣ЩѪҺ֮УɢһɹϢƺħͲѪҺצĳʹİ
һУɫء
֣ƺҪԼѪ֮С
ʲô
ʥһæסѪ֮У֪ᷢʲô飬˵ЩѪҺо綾ǿҵĸʴԣֻ̺˵䡣
ʥһİȻ˽ȥֱ۱棬һ֮ɵЩѪҺˡ
֣ѪĽһʱ䣬ƬѪأĽֳ˻
ȥǳʱȴһĶ
ͨڣһߣ߻Ҫһء
һ򼣬ͷβһڽڣÿһļ̣ÿǴ̶а߳ʮ塣
˵ϣʥĴȻ֣ŽʸУɭɭ⡣
ǡʥⶫֻ©һģһ֮̺Ѫɷ֮Ѿʵˡ
ϹžħƳıô
ǽʸУɭɭĺ⣬ԼѪɱ¾֮˲Ĳ²⡣
Ȼ˼һȴ΢΢ҡͷڵⲻǱӦһιͷ׼ȷ˵Ǽ׵ǣ


2169 ǧ֮
׵ǣ
Ļʥһ£μ׵Ҳ̫ˣʵҲƹͷֽʸУɭĸоһױ
ⳤһߵļ׵𣬷ɵ֮ϣǼ׵Ǿô׵ǵҪǻţˡ
μ׵ɢϢ壬ʥжȻһͷòǡǧǰħµļ׵ǰɣ
ʥ˵ⷬ⼹׵ǵɫЩˣǧǰ̫ʱħ񣬶Ԩħһԣǵ֮ףħļ׵ǣǸʲô
Сμ׵ǵļ̣۹ϸϸż׵ɢӴѪ֮ҡͷҲֻ֪ܿ϶һ˲ϹŶħġ
˵һ£䲻˵㲻ãλڵµؾͭײģйײеѪҺЩŹ𣿡
Ļʥһ˵
˼һ׵ǻ£˵ܾħ֮ĹЩ죬طſµΣգǰȥؾҼյؾҲŲħ֮Ĺʮ֮һ񶼿䣬Ǿ͸ˡ
룬Ƕһԣһ𣬶ףǾ͸ˣս֮Уһܹӳսһ̶Ӱս֡
ǿޱȵԨħһ壬ҲӵϰʮʮҲܲģ
˴νħ֮Ĺ񼶶ħʥôڤ˺ͺ˼һжʮڹ֪ģˣ
ڶߵߣδ꣬ħ֮ĹбȻ񼶶ħ䣬նʮ񣬿롣
һʧô񣬶кܶǱȥĿ͸ˡ
Ȼ˵ħ֮ĹʱſһΣôҲȻºڰԨԪˡ
ҵľʽʹǿߵĵҲи޶ȣͼħˣ߼ħÿһԴѻġ
ɣʥ΢΢ü˼һ£˵ںڰԨԭǿʳеһУпĴַħ֮ĹȻȥ˺ܶʵǿĸߵȶħЩģȴҲõ˼ĺôڰԨܹӵôħ֮Ĺĺܴ͡
ңʵħ֮Ĺеĺܶħ˵жϣЩ꣬˺ڤ˵ĶȥĶħԽԽ࣬ԴͻԵǰҪԼЩԭͶǿʳٹ̵ԨħҪɱ¾Ѷ̫ˡ
ʥĽͣҡͷܾãħ֮Ĺǳаԣ
ΪڰԨĻԵ֮أǧԨħܸҵһЩģ̽ħ֮ĹķȻʵϣħ֮Ĺһֱߵÿ¡Ҳˣħ֮ĹȥԨħܿͻɿݹǣʬеѪ֮Ƭյˡ
˵䣬ʥһݣȻҲעһ㡣
ħ֮Ĺڵ磬ӵпѪ֮ĹŹԣԭʥΪҲϾħ֮ĹÿοдԨħħ֮
غģħ֮ȻҪȥµԭʥΪħ֮ĹȥԨħʵû˷ѣǵʬʵ˾䵽磬󣬱ݻħ֮
ĻʥԺһµͭŹףǹŹ֮ʢ̵ѪҺȥаޱȡ
ЩѪҺȻаȻʥȴʮ̺˶ôֲѪ֮ĳЩԨħҩʦ˵ǿЩѪҺΪϣѪǵΪкô
˵ͭŹ֮еѪҺЩħ֮ĹߵѪ֮ЩʬѪ£Ļ۵ˣ
Ȼʶ뷨ʥһ
һ׵ǣʢħ֮ѪĹŹ֮УŹ֮£Ƕħ񣬻зӵĶħͼ
һУħ֮Ĺĵǧħ֮Ĺȥ֪ԨħЩԨħΪҶͬħеٮٮߣô콾ѪһһһεĻ۵һ׵ǡ
ң˭ܿ϶ħ֮Ĺ£ֻôһаĴأ
ҲʮʮƵ󷨣ɢħ֮ĹĸֻĹδǼ׵ˣҲͷǡȹǡ۹ǡ߹ǡ
뵽Щʥ͸оԼðһɺ
ִһֹϵʽаļ䡭
ò˵ĳڰԨϹħħ֮ĹԼĺǣԼɣ
ȡѪ֮ԼĺǣԼʥ뵽ľһ㣡
ĵĻ²𺳣ʵ̫ˣ
ܹħ֮ĹĹΪԼãħ˵ǡħ֮ĹĴߡħ
ѵħħ֮ĹΪԨħȹҲΪԼδĸһӣ
ʥоˡ
ǲħҲֻ֪֪ħ֮Ĺ£ȶߵؾȻͼıһĿĴɣȻĿ±ʡ
μǡ
ʥɫ粻ƲȻʥһֲԾĸо
ʥˣҲͬоǾǡ
ƲģһԽǧĿ²֣ôܽιͷͭŹȡأ
ִӦĳֱ󷨰ɣҲӦýͭŹ׳׵ķ˸޷򿪲Ŷԡ
Ͼǧʱ䣬ܿԨħⶴؾ֮УǱȡߺǣǲǻƻأ


2170 Ŷ
ʶЩʥͶһۣʱо׵Ǳù
ô׵ǣ
ʥѯʣ׵ͷ̫ˣпǲ֮Ļ䡢ʲôĶпܡ
Ҳһʱ벻ѵĴ
׵аԵĺܣѵ˵εؾĿԼõ׵Ƕһ⣬£һħ֮ĹĶħҵ󷨣Ҳõ׵ǣ
ʵǰͬ޴һļ׵ǣ
ע⵽ڼ׵֮ϣеӡǣȻȥԣȥ͹ƽǡģ
һ׵̺֮ĹģȻͬСɣҼ׵ǱƺΪñڵ£ϵ̺ޱӴѪ֮ľ
Ȼ׵޼֮
õһǣôֻΪаԣ̺Ų飬ͽ
ĻٴĻԵǰҲΪеΣգȥȡ̬Ͳʺ䡣
֪⼹׵һаܵ飬ɴ㽫׵ȡߣúõĲꡢо
ȡħע뵽ħ֮Уħ׵ȫ
뷨ǣ֮айأܸɴ׵ϣǰľӡǻдʶ
Ļ⼹׵Ǵߣ˵Լĳһ˵ʱ⼹׵֮оͻĳһл꣬ͼԼǾͺˡ
ΣնɱҡУ׼
ǣУħ⻪ʢɫϯ𣬽׵ȫ֡
ء
һ֮׵ǾҵһɫϢӼ׵ϵı任Ÿ̬ħ˽ȥ
һĻʥͫ΢΢һЩа顭
ͭŹǧ۵ĶħѪУ϶˲ȥԨħĲЩҲаˣӡа֮ǧ꣬γЩл꣬Ӧøаǵ޹ء
ֻҪϹħûʲôϵͲģܿ죬ħĹâȥа֮жħ֮궼ˡ
֮ȷ׵ûʲôа©ˣŴаǣеһ䣬ʼеİء
뷨ǣȲģȵ͸аǵ֮ڳԽаûĵɴ
ܳɹĻȵõĪĺôҲܾаǿ̺벻顣
ոһյɽ֮вģҪн⺡ǵܡ
ȻⲢףЩкܶȫûнӴ̺ķ޵кܴĲͬ
£ʱһһš
֮¶֮УͻȻ˸һ߲⡣
֮У̺Ŵ¶ǿ¶ߣԭ¶֮еаΪɢࡣ
ۣеԪ֮һ˶崺磬Ŀôѿһϲá

Цһȫȫ֮ķСͯб˳
²һöССŶǰ۵źһ֮ϣԪɵĻƣʮ㡣
Ŷڳˣ
СͯС֣Ц˵پ¶ϵƤ͸ӣ·һˮ
һ۵Сޣһ˵ʥĻ裬ŶڿأȻƯ͸ŮƵġ
ССĨ˷һ̶ССֱۣʥ񾱣ݺݵһڡ
ʥҸЦݣĺӣļУȫ
ϵҲ˧
ŶһЦСһţֱϣֽŲã¾ͷĲϡ
ԴֻһСѾؿĥ䣬ĸо
һ̣쳣ܰʵһ˵ĽޣӢǿĶӣпɰŮ
ԭõõģѾõˣֻõһУȴĩ٣ҪᶨƵȥԼ֮·ȥػˣƴԼܡ
Ŷĳʥ໶֡
ʥ̫ϲŮˣÿĴʱ䣬ԼŮ£
СһŹ־飬ʲôһѧͻᣬ֮
ԱֻģŶ츳ܲ˲٣귽棬ȴֻǿࡣ
Ĵʱ䣬Ƿ˶ħ֮ϣȻҲԼŮѾʱ䲻ˣԽԽ˽۵һУҲеϵѹԽԽء
ûͷôʥеʵ⼸ʳĲаǣʥУЩۡ
ҡҡͷоǱһסˣҪ⿪̫̫ѡ
⼹׵ǵĹҿΨһֵһþǡ
˵䣬аڵȻһ
꣡
ķľҵԭ⴦ؾ󷨺ħƵػʹ̫ӵļսδƻ
ոаһ֮£ǽЩ󷨺ħƴˡ
̧аǣһһĶȻ˵֮ϡ
ʥ΢΢һаǣȻôղֻһûö


2171 ۹Ǻ
ħ֮Ĺڵ磬ǳȹ̣꣬ǵֵ˴ĳ
Ŀռ䣬ҲƿĴأʯȻʥĸƿҲףֱΪ֮Լעа֮УǷӳǲˡ
ô˵´аʲô򲻳Ҳ޷еٻԽˣ
ʥԺһħʮļ׵ǳһߣֶȸʥȲ࣬ĳȡֶȣʵһ˰ǹ
ľǹıõȻ̫ˣĶħʹãȴá
֮ǰĶħһֱʹñƬİǹǹ䣬һܵƬͻ׷ױ飬սȻܵӰ졣
׵аǾͲܴˣˣ׵Ǳǡһĵԡ
׵ǹĶħٿأôǹȻøıˡ
šڿֻˡ
һ׵ǲӡ硣
£֮Ǿ·ȥɡ
š

ħ֮ĹУŵ¼ţΨʱŲ䣬赲
а֮ȥˡ
һƬããĺɫɳĮ֮УŵѪȵζһ߸ʬڹ̵ĺɳ֮ϣѪѾɣֻʣһͷаŹͷĸƤˡ
ǼˣһЩʳ߶߸ʬܸȤڸʬƿƤУԿһȭͷСĺɫʬڴʱĥǵͷƤ顣
ʱʬ岻ԶɳͻȻ¡һɳɳԽԽߣɳ׷׹䣬Ϣ֮ɳ𱬿һһĶħɢĺɳһԾ
ħļϣһŮӡ
Ů񻣬ɫȹӶħͷһԾ£ƮƮģĵںɳ֮ϡ
һ̣ʬǱĺɫʬͻȻǶͻȻֵĲ֮ͣһ
ˣȻǸոմӵؾгʥˡ
ԭֻ˵£ʥվ᲻øճľŶ͸ԼɱҪŶһΰƽʱ⡣
ڶоһ¡
һ£Сһɳ÷ɿ죬ԵĶһѧͻᡣ
Ŷ츳̫ͻʥþŶ˫ޣҲǵߵ·
ڣŶѾɹһǿٵ꺣˾߷˫޵·ˡ
һ֮ʱ䣬ʥ㿪ʼѰ߳ؾ·˾Ÿ²߳
¶߻ڳڣûУ֮ʥҪȥʱø֪ѱĵطûҵڡ
ѡһԱĵطӲü׵аƿ䣬ڿһͨ
Ǿаڿأһ·ϡ
аǵİʥҲ˺ôŽҲȫƣ
ħ֮ĹĵҲ㣬ǱȵҲӼ̣ټϾ޴ѹһҪǱȥǾԶˡ
ʥ˳֮ҲΧĻħ֮ĹеĺɳĮޱߣ治֪˶ٿݹǡ
ʬ塭
ʥĿڲԶǾ߸ʬ֮ϣľ飬ʬȥ̫á
ʥ߽һʱʬڲļֻʬ汩ͬʸһʥ
ʥɫ䣬ʮָ
žžž
һţЩʬȫը˺ɫѪһɢˡ
ħ֮۳ʬ棬ڣµĶħͷ£ᱻȫԸɾ
ǰȥĶħĸѾȫɱˣزΪۼ׵Ĵڣ߸ߵĹֻۼףҲʬҧǷ䳲һ㡣
Ǻ˵һ𼶶ħҼǵˡ
ʥѾȫɱӣ˼һ˵ߵļǿֻһɨȥõľҲ洢ԺȵҪʱ򣬾Ϳ̻
ɣ֪ôˡ
°ͣ鵹ҲǺģνħ֮Ĺ˲ֹˣʲô
ȻʱʥȴͻȻɫ΢䣬ԣ̫ˣ
ţôˣ
ʱڤڽħ֮ĹǰһЩ򵥵ӡӡ֮ϣҺڤͯУȷǵλú͸ԵڣҸղŽ֪̽һȴ֣ԭյĶʮڤӣѾˣ
ʥĻͷһ
ˣ
ǣһʣʥħ֮ĹȻҲܸߣһԣʱ˾ųѾǶˣһĺܶ඼׿Խд˼ĶħЩħδɾҲ˲ãǰ£Ҳܵ
һΣжħħ֮ĹŲʮ꣬ʥ֪ģѾٹȥ꣬жʣ
ʥһ˵ҲüͷһɲԤУҲڵħ֮ĹУǱĳֿµΣա
ʲôʥ˵ħ֮Ĺ˵ĺڰӦڵ۹Ǻаɣʱʼֽ䣬ĽָУ֮飬ʥһеļ֮鶼ˡ
֮񼶶ħߵıΪܽкڰ䣬Ϊͼڼħ
ҲʥߵȼħĶ
ڡԽԽļ֣֮ȴûиʲôϲ֮飬Ϊħ֮Ĺиܵһıζ
ħ֮ĹһԵôûпܸһͷβ壿
ʥ۹ǺʲôʱԻҲҲ֮Ҳʮ꣬ϰꡭ
ʥû˵꣬ȴȻһ٣ղһ˲䣬ֽܵм֮𶯡
ţô
ʥ·ͻȻʶʲôֱɶ˲ɳǧɵĸ߶ȡ
Ҳŷ
߿գӭԵɳĮ磬һͬߡ
ֻңԶʣһһĺ糾̲죬·Ҫһֱӵľͷ
ǡǲǡڰڵĵ۹Ǻ
Ƭޱȵĺ֮۹ǺȻûʮˣ


2172 ֮
ôô졭
ʥһۣӶԷпһ˿ݡ
۹ǺΪħ֮ĹڰڣѾǧϣаǧħһĵߡ
ںڰϣԵ۹ǺдεЩȴǴ˵Ͼǧǰʷ˻ĳĿĽиָĶ֮ѾѲˡ
ഫ۹ǺΪħħľԪѪ˵ħʬڵ۹Ǻšټļӳֺħ֮Ĺػʹõ۹Ǻķֹеʬǲ಻ʬеĲл÷档
˵вٶħŵģϾħ֮Ĺ𶼳ˣٴһ棬Ҳô޷ܵˡ
ǣ۹Ǻ˺ڰԨĸԵأںܾԶĹʱЩħһľ޷ͻֻأעҪʱ򣬱ȥ۹Ǻ
Ȼڵ۹ǺҲȻ˵ĲлܹôҲδиôһأ
ϣȻޱãܹ¸룬֮ɢһ˰˺õöࡣ
ö֮ǿʬԽԽļڵ۹Ǻõ۹ǺԽɲ⣬Ҳµ۹Ǻӵա
ħ֮ĹĻԵΪͼڼħĺڰ䣬ڵ۹ǺĵشС
˵۹Ǻħ֮ĹһеѹϷ񼶶ħսֵ̨ЩһЩ𼶶ħǸͲ̤۹Ǻǻħ֮ĹΧħ֮ʺǼĻԵ
ڣʥôû뵽ħ֮ĹŽ꣬ݣҲǳԸθ˵ʱ䣬սҵȥһΣ۹ǺˣҸ׵ǣħ֮Ĺ𼶶ħˣ
׷ʲô飿
ֲõĸо
ʥԶ̲ĵ۹ǺĴӵ۹ǺУܵһ˿֮Ѫɷ֮·ǵ۹Ǻһֻ޴̫ħޣž޿ڣȴ
ҵĸоҲ̫áֽ䣬ֽУǸӵڳļ׵ǻúõķء
е˵ħʬǰڵ۹ǺУԼֽеμأħ֮ô
ȥ˼ʵûʲô壬ؼǡȥȥ۹Ǻ
֮飬۹ǺУڰȫѡУǽ˵ؿߣѪȵĳּôħͬʱôʥȻ붼룬ֱɵ۹Ǻˡ
㿼ʥЩȷ˵
΢΢һһ˵ڵݻûб¶ΪԨħܲľ桭ħ֮Ĺһ壬⽫Ԩħɱ󻯳ϣϾڣǧҲǿߣͼڼħҲ˵ǿŻӱһЩԵ³
ðɡʥ̾һ֪Ѿ
ܣʥȻϣܸŶһУȻǲܵģ֪ΣգȴҪȥ̽ȥԡ
Ѿվ±ϣýָǣû·ˣ˺һԨֻǰȥƴŶеĽԷɱ
ߡ
ʥˣ⣬ʧʡ
˷۵糸ֻһʱ䣬Ǿ˵۹Ǻ֮ϡ
ȥƬ۹Ǻһ㵭һ㺣뵵ˮǷŵѪɫ
Ũأ֪Ҳ͸УֻżϡĵطԿƵĺˮкˮ֮УԼɼʬǡ
۹Ǻޱߣɲ⣬ǼˣĺˮɱʬЩʬ洦ɼǵж١
ʬǲǶħһĵµģڴʱħ֮ĹЩħ˱ų֮µģõ۹Ǻĳ
ڵ۹ǺϿգնóħ֮Ĺ
۹ǺĲγԹͻ󣬴۸ӣټϺããҪҵڰڵزףûͼ룬һĶħɾ˿ܻܵ۹ǺȾʧң˵۹ǺڶʬǵһԱ
ͼе·ʥʼ۹ǺԽɣгĶħʬǾԽ࣬ɱҲԽأʥǿ֮ЩɱҲἤħǶ˼ЧֻȫɢȻȻıγһ㣬ʴĵϢ⡣
յͼһʱ䡣
ģˮеʬˣԭʬǣڷԲﲻһߡ
ʬȻˣɱøأ·Ƭ֮Уݷĳֻǿޡ
쵽ˣڰڵ۹ǺĺĵشЩħһĵߣҲںĵشΪǵѹµͨħʬǸܿԸԲǧﷶΧûôʬǣɱȴԽԽأ
š
˵ͷͻȻ۾Ұľͷ֮һƵС
в󣬵תĺܼļ٣ȴϢһ顣
ĺˮɽȥ·֮£һһ㡣
֪ǵĿĵˣͨȥĵطмصĺڰеĵط


2173 ħ
ݣݣ
Ƶĵ۹Ǻϣ޴˻ʥźڰ֮صڣ˵۹Ǻ֮¡
֮оһɾ޴˺ΧľѸٱ仯֪Լͨĳʥǣ֣Ϊ˱ⱻ˺ֿ
˺ҲԽԽǿȻʥǿȹ̣˺ߣ籩ǰľµĶħ˲ͻᱻ޴˺꣬ûн봫һˣֱˡ
ܵе˵ؾۼĵĿռ籩ȫʮĿռܱȵģռ̫ȶһ鿪ķ籩ȻҲֲٱ
ת龰֪˶ãоһᣬһ̣ѾһĿռ䡣
ʥǿ󣬴Ӵд˲䣬ʹӸղתĳа˳ǰ龰
⴦ռУһãã޾ĵ··ŻɫЩȫ͵״̬һŵϢ
·ԣһЩÿһаɸߣǺɫľ˾Ĵ
еһʮ㣬֮һʮɸߵĴţŽķţϵͷ۵ħ񸡵񣬶ħĿУҧһѶħ֮
Ǵŵĺ棬ĸоڸ֮зĪϢľ֮С
òǧǰϹʱЩħİ֮ذɣ
ͻ˵ôħѵÿһһħ۵ķĹ
ţͻȻоԼ֮еħ˵
ţ
һħ
ôˣ
ʥһԺܣһҺɫħƾճ֣Ļתš
ħ
һ⼸꣬ʥѾ֪ħ֣Ҳ뵽˻֮ʯĴ˵
ħղһ˲䣬ݳһϢط·ͬһ㡭
һ̣оĵħЩȣСģΪŶħռء
оħеĿռǰȫԾþŶ棬ɺչ
Ļʥ˼˵ħ֮ĹļأﰲϹħۣµĲлҲҲΪħܵЩǿϢЩӦɣ
ʥĲ²⵹ǺܣΪħΪͻȻôǿе˷ܡ
ЩϹħ۶ͬСɣֻǲл꣬Ҳô׶Ըġ
֮һСİɡ
ħ˸ӵĺ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ洫һ
𣡡
µ֮ڿռط䣬˶ķ顣
Ȼпɿڵʳˣ
һ˵ϹԨģΪ֮ǰĶ˻ĵ䣬
ʲô
һԭΪϹŶħѾû뵽Ȼ˱Ű
ֱȥīǹʱԶһʮĺڵ⡣
۵
һ촫Ĵ͵
ڴŵĺ棬Ǵִ϶·ʲôʷǰޱסҪӴ֮һ㡣
ϹŶħһĵ𣿡
ǿĺţǳײľ޴һδεĳں֮ϣԽԽͣƺҪŶˡ
ȻһɲǣͻȻ֮ƿ̵ĶħǶħ۾һѪɫĹâķ
ڴ֮һҽС

ϹŶħƺʲôʹѹҵǴϵķһȥ˷ߺ޵ֹһҲûˣȥ·ʲôûз
һĻС˸ͻǴϵĶħжȻһɹĸо
ħķ񣬵ַڵ¶пǸһޣ
Ψһͬǣ¶ߵĶħ񣬿ҧͭײģǰϵĶħ񣬿кŶħ֮
¶ߣͬĶħһħǣһȴסħ
龰ܲ롣
뵽ʲô
һֱǶħͷҲʥ
ʥ˺ܶ࣬Ǻ¡
ʢѪͭŹף֮ŵĶħЩʥ·𿴵һЩںڰѪ
ħ֮ĹǵһοˣЩħ֮Ĺжûмأֱǵħ֮ĹſЩ龰
߰ɣѾˣȻﰲĶϹʱľħۣϾֻвл꣬ĳЩģҲһս
ѾȣҲǺˣվ
ϹħۣҲܳԽɡ
ޣȥô꣬һƲлͲܱʵȻޣȫĽܡ
ʥһ·ǰУڵ·ߣħһһ
еħΪɢŵϢһϵķĹһ㡣
еħȴʥߵʱ򣬾Ϳʼ֮
Ѫ⣬ʵѪ⣡
ңңң
񡢿նϹžǿߵһЩѾȫ˷ģ帯ŧĶ
ӡУЩϹžǿߣǱǲ̿񱩵Ԩħһ壬ӵо֮Ҳչ¶۵ƣЩһ㡣
ҲЩŵģͲϹŶħһĵ߰ɣĳЩа񡢶ꡣ
лͷҲֻĲ²ѡ


2174 ڰ̳
ħ֮Ĺе˿ֲ룬Щ뵽һģҪ֪
ʱʥĽŲ˼֣תͷȴʥɫЩ֡
ţôˣ
ʥķӦ΢΢һȻ˵ĹѨ֮еŵѹʥΪӦòڳܲˡ
Щ֣ҸղͻȻû꺣·ʲôһ£ĳٻһϸоȴûС
ʥһֻĿڣϸĸ֪ܣȻָоȴʧˡ
ղһ˲Ļ꺣Ȼ΢ʥĻѾǿ̶ֳȣȻоȷȷʵʵˡ
Ļ꺣һ㵣Ҳ벻Ȼ
ˣ߰ɣ´ָоӦܲϢ
ʥ˵ţͻȻǰֿһӰĳˣһͷĹִ㣬ʪȫƤϲɫİߵ㡣
ģ
﷢һ¶һڼܼݣлˣ֮ǰмϧҶûΣҵˣ
˵ŹϵԨģɫԲֱֱۣĶʥܿ˿ˮǸѪŮˣõʳﰡ
Цţʥ˹
ɫ䣬Ȼ̤ǰһǹ̶ֱ

ӿڰǹǹ֮γ˿͵ıըܵϯ
ǻŴֵɫħҽһǱǾ޴ɣһֱӱ
һôû뵽ԭȥֻΪȻʵôֲ
ˣתͷĶӡ
ôӵŲһͬһ˲ͷħǰ
꣡
ǹ϶£ͬաһѪǹâƲɵֱӽͷһΪ
ۣ
ѪЩѪҺޱɫ󷢺ڣͭŹ֮Уӡ˲֪µĺѪ
ںѪ֮һƲлڶƺҪܡ
һȭȥ
лֱӱ飬ħ֮ɢһӣɷתЩл֮ȫյˡ
Щ꣬յħ֮൱࣬Ѿﵽˡ
һ£ҪʱҪչؼʮ꣬ſȵͻޡ
ֻǣûʱ䡣
ղŵĹҲѪɷ֮ĳϹŶħĲлġǹɨһ۵ɢĺѪ
ŴħһĵȻǿ󣬵۳Ѫɷ֮ʵҪһ㡣
߰ɣ֪ܲ˺ڤлŵ񡭡
Щȥڤ𼶶ħʥое˼֣ΪֹûзЩħΪʲôȥˡ
Ǽǰ;˼ͷѪɷɵĹЩﶼϹŶħĲлꡣ
ƺħ֮Ĺ۹ǺؾУǿĶħں֮УСһЩģɢεγЩʬɷ
ʥǿǿϣ
ǲ֪ǰ˶ԶһƵĴӳǰ
ӲιȴûаˮһƬţĸоʥŲһ١
çŵĴӣ˴˵еĻȪ֮ӡ
ħмĵ·ڴϴһںɫķɺ硣
ʥϴӣɺ֮£ˮԻƣƺУͻһ㡣
ʥ֪˶ãȫӣ˴ӵĶ԰
ڷ˴˵УȪ֮ӵĶǱ˰˱˰һƬߡ
ǰж
ʥһ
۾͸ĻɫҰľͷһԼԼĺӰ
֪̽ȥһɫļ̳
ɫ̳Զ̳ͬ
̳âǷֲÿ̳âǵһϡ
ڼ̳ΧŵĶħ֮
Щħ֮ƷŲںɫ̳Χ˴֮Զ
ÿһħ֮֮ǰøߵö࣬ԭ·Ķħ֮Ҳʮ㣬ʮӣʮ˲ѾǼޡ
ǰĶħ֮ÿһʮϡ
ֱʮ㣬ʮ㣬ʮ㡣
µĺɫţҲҪ֮ǰĴö࣬ƿͬĶħ
Ȼͼƣ⼸ϸŵȻǿֻǿһ걻ɵĸо·𸡵ϵĶħǻġ
ҲϹħô˭òᡭħ֮Ĺ˾ɡ
ٶĸ߶ȸжħʵȣԽߣħԽǿĻôħ֮Ȼ֮ǰļħһΡ
һӿԽʮ㣬һĸ߶ȡ
ôǷܣԼ֮ǰļŵĶǧ񼶶ħǰŵģȴǳԽĴأ
ڰԨǧʷ˵ϵģԽ񼶱ĶħһҲ⣬࣬Ͼ̫ͳ
ʥЩ̳͸̳ǰҾٻУƺֳˡ
Ŷ
һ̳ĻǾкڰļֱ̳֮飡
Щӵӿħ֮ĹԨħͨڰĿ飬Ϊͼڼħ
ԭҲȻǱĴ㣬ǽ죬ͻȻվ̳֮ǰż̳ϰɫѪ̺ӴѪɷ֮һʱЩԥˡ
ʥ֮飬һƺѾѶˣϾʥԼģǶͨĻڰŸͲжħͨˡ
ǣһоõƺ̫ˣټ֮ǰ˲ԤеĳʥȻóȻ̤ϼ̳
ʥĪĸоħļ¶Ҳ衣
ħܲħ𶯣ƫƫһ·ϣҲûзʲôħ˷ܡ¶ԭ
һֱߵûһͬе񼶶ħ
ͻȻ˵ЩЩħôôأ
ڤͯȥأ
ĪĶħһֱüΪɵĸĴ̫ӿڤͯҲǼΪη塣
һħħ֮Ĺȴƾʧˡ
ʱڵ¶Ҳûп֮鶼ûгУȥˣ
˵ڤͯˣɲš
һֱãڤܸͯĳֹϵ
ô죿ʥȷĿڣּ󶼱˴ħ֮ĹһУǣĳµı
ƫƫǽˣĩմٵ֮ǰƵλãǱ޿ɱܣֻӭЩıȥս
΢΢ʱҲò⡣
άȵʱͻȻһŵ𣺡λߵˣôȥ
һݣȻͷǹʣ


2175 ħ
ͻȻʥǵʮ
ڡڤͯ
תǹأǰʮԶһĸߴɫԨħ˫ֽ汧ǰӸµĿʥ
ڤͯöдԣȫԨħʮǫǫӣ֮ú
ûǱǸɵôڤͯʥĿζ
仰ĿڤͯѾµԼʥɵ˴̫ӣ
ʵʲôµһȴ˵һ΢С£ζţڤͯʵȴ̫ӳܶ࣡
ʱɱ̫ӣȫһ֮ʥķӾתȻڤͯҲûס
ھųϣܰǹô
ڤͯЦе˵ʦãô㶼ˣҼǵãھųϹϵð㲻ǺܵǿԵôôͻȻ͸վһˣȻϧýָңѵ˵ھųЩħ֮Ĺа㺣Ѿ˫޹ˣ
ڤͯŵĳⷬ¶ǵķ̣ȴûʥıκβһڤͯĻ֪ݡ
ǡµʱʦļ֮ô
ڤͯһǰƺҪʥĽ
ڤͯʥйǽһתⶸȻĺâڤֱͯˣҪ֮飬Ҹǣ
ͷβڤͯħ֮Ĺûȥ֮顣
ʥڤͯǻ۵ţұԼܻ۵Σ֮ĳʸĻôа֮ħ֮ĹˣδԼˡ
ħ֮ĹУԼļ֮飬֮飬̫ӵ֮顣
֮飬ڤͯҲ·û˿Ȥħ֮Ĺƾʧˣ֪ȥ
ּܲʥɣ
ʥ˵䣬Ǻֱȡа֮飬һֱۣӶڤͯ
ݣ
аĹעʥ޴ǳһڤͯ
٣
ڤͯЦһһУ߶ѹģ˵ٷɳ۵а֮ƺͻȻܵ˾޴ٶȻȫͣ٣ƮƮڤͯġ
ʦã㻹ôʢˡڤͯƺΪ⣬ùаַ֮Ķһ˴С˵һ⣬ıʦþȻҪøˡ
ʥһԲſڤͯıݣҪڤͯ᲻ϼ̳ܺڰ䡣
Ҳ˵ʥȷڰǲ壬ܺڰϴʱ費Ҫ˻ͱҪȷ
ڳܺڰʱδ֪״̬£ܹ
᲻߻ħ¼ʧܣ̶أ
Щȷ£ʥôܸڤͯڳ£кڰ䣿
һжû⣬ϻ֮飬ʧа֮飬Ҳǲܽܡ
ʦöҷ
ڤͯ˵ţа֮飬̤˺ڰ̳
ʱʥĸ֪ڤͯһһ
ڤͯһֱߵڰ̳룬˫ƽ죬а֮ɵͷתš
аɭɭĹ飬һҳһҳķ㷨תںɫĹâš
ڤͯ˫ۣҲȫԡڹĹâ֮Уһƺʱ˿õ顣
ʱʥµĵ΢΢
ࣣ
ͻĳڤͯϱ˷ɢһʱ䣬۹Ǻؾռŵȫɢ˾ħ֮ʼڤͯڵĺڰ̳۶
ɢ֮ռеһжˣʱ򣬴ӻȪ֮ӵһˣɫֱɶ⣬ţڰգ̳֮ϡ
ڤͯһţȫ˽ȥ
һ̣ԴڻȪ֮һħе
âħ˻ۣħħײɫϵĶħ
֪̽ȥħĸ߶ȷֱʮ㣬ʮ㣬ʮ㡭
Щⱻڤ֮ͯڤͯ˫Ŀ˲ɫҲĶţǴһ
̹öˣû
ڤͯĻʥһݣöûѵǰܹ
žžž
ڤͯŤŲӣǽڷһı죬ոն̶̵ļϢʱ䣬ͳһأøӿ׳˶һļ⣬Ҫըһ㡣
ǲô
ڤͯ촽ɫ۾ʥ
üͷ壬ⲻǺڰ䣡ٲħ֮Ĺĺڰ䣡
ħ֮Ĺļأڰ֣ǾųܼϴҲǾһ
Ȼͨ飬Լп飬ҲɣҪܷ˵ʹࡣ
ڤͯƺ̫һЩҿȥڤͯȻа֮飬ʵЩȴδͨа֮飬еڸղһ˲䣬ڤͯԼڳ󷨷ģЩ󷨷ģˡ
ɣûа֮飬ڤͯһ
ٺ٣˵һ룬ȷʵĺڰ䣬ҲǸڰȫ޹ϵνڰ䣬ڼ̳֮Уħϴÿһħ֮УϹŶħһ۵Ͳл꣬ħһ۵ĻѪ֮ôգԳħϴʱǾţֻҪǱҲᱻƸȫϡѶ
Ժڰ䣬ʼߣһͨͻ̥ǣɳΪͼڼħ֮һ
ܴ̫ӻңʵûгܺڰϴͬǣ̫û֪֮Ҫ֮۹ǺȴУ֪ڰĿ£Ľкڰ䣬ᡭ壡
³ǳΪ۹ǺļƷһءռ䣬õ۹ǺؾԽԽȹ̣ʮħԽԽ£
ûУɣǻõͼڼħ׳ҺڰԨ̤ƽʮ죬Ԩһ壬ΪΨһģġף


2176 
ڤͯĻ߹ƻԣƺģٸڿ־ϡ
ħ֮Ĺţ콾ҲǡƷ
ԴˣڤֱͯԲ䣬ûκ
ħ֮Ĺߵȶħأޱʵ
֮⡭Ķˡ
ڤͯʼ磬·˵һǳС¡
΢΢ĬȻϵĽڤͯ˵ǸоͷƤ顣
ôߵȼħȫɱɼƷ
ôģ
ħ֮Ĺбһѣ۹Ǻǰ֣̫Ӵ󷨵ݻħԳϫʱ۹ǺȫԨħˣǾ͵Ľ
ڤͯ赭д˵
Ϊʲôûأ
ǰ˵۹Ǻڵ۹Ǻ֮ǰŷˣһЩյ۹Ǻؾеǰ۹ǺҲѽͰɣħԳϫ⣬ֻ˵ź
ڤ̹ͯȻ˵ľԼڲҪа֮ǰ£ħе
ţ˵ûȷνħԳϫֻǡ⡯ôһһٵķʡ
ڤͯЦһмĵҾбҪôĿ⣬ѵҲͣڸЩƷһˮ׼
˵Ķԣʧˡ
һЦ˿ʲô
еòڤͯЦˣô㻹ʲôԥأɣħ֮ĹڰĿ飬ΪͼڼħڰԨսʮ죬Ϊ׵Ҳܽҵǧ£δִƹڣţڤ鲢УܳԽǣΪԨ
ڤͯЩȣȫûϳݣδҵĳ档
ƺһɱ¾֮ѪĿԨħ
ڤͯļƻɲΪ
ûʥȻҲվûκαʾ
ʥķӦڤͯɫ΢΢ôǵԼҲħ֮ĹɼƷˣҳϣħ֮ĹôάתάֺڰйߵӴȷʵҪĴļƷǲڴУδȳͼڼħԵھųϵʣٽһħ֮ĹĹ򼴱ٲ̣ҲὫľŵƷǼֱ̫˷ˣ
̵ĹҲֻǶֻ߲̣Ҫǿߣܹĺô
ڤͯ˵ƺѾʧȥġ
ʱƤ̧̧Լֽħ֮Ĺȡ˳Ħö֮Цһ˵ûֻǡһֱһº֣ħ֮ĹԾųϵԨħԸһ׳ΪƷԨħЩԨħԭҲ콾ȴ׵ĳΪˣǽħ֮Ĺʱ򣬶֪һ㣬ǻΪħ֮ĹޱȱõŶǵĶͣ
Ϊǽħ֮Ĺǰͼڼᷢһħ֮ĹЩħ֮ĹͬС죬󲿷ǽħ֮ĹıмУڸĶŹһ˼룬Ǿħ֮ĹоĻԵֻҪУֲͨпĿ飬һɳ죬ΪԨ
ǣڰԨྰѾҲ˻ɣħ֮Ĺ˵ģжأǧʳڣܹħ֮ĹɫɫĿ飬ҴзֲԾĶħ콾ֹһ
ǣһУħ֮Ĺܣһֱû֪ⲻôΨһĽ;ǣϢˣһصжħ˼ά򣬿ۣ
Ǽ꣬ǧʱ䣬ôʱ䣬˭ЩϢ룬ֻţͼڼħܰ쵽
ĻصƿһһеĻôеĽ;ͺˣħ֮ĹܵţҪôͨڰʧܣɼƷȥܣҪôǳΪڰԨƿ֮һΪĳԭܡ
ƿ߱ܵԭʲôأħ֮ĹһвΪʲôأ
ǷпܣЩͨħ֮Ĺ飬ΪڰԨƿߵţʵһµĻֿţòΪkЧͣĻ֣һֱͨЩƿ߼ͳźڰԨΪԼã
ڤͯ£ҵĲ²еô
ǴӾԨдеÿһ֣о㤣ͷƤ飡
ڤͯޱ꣬ޱϲ

ʱһγɵѪɫںڰ̳ϱƵѪ⣬ڤͯ
һת
ڤͯ˵ħ֮ĹĶħ콾Ķ̭ѪЩͨڰģǿͬʱΪʲô˳ƿأ
ĳδ֪Ŀ´ڣһ֮ںڰĳЩֽţͨԨħΪԼʵˣҲɣ
٣λ˼Լһ̰ģͼִһеĶħĻô
ʮǰͨڰ䣬ΪԨħġ顱ܾǱƿ˵ĸߵȶħ
Щ꣬ײβǴħĵϵλ֮󣬱ԴħΪף֯˺ˡ
ôһֱڤ˶Կÿ궼ɳ콾ħ֮ĹΪԴɱ
ţۺ飬ڤ֪ܲڰԨܣôΪʲôôǰ;ĸߵȼħǰ̵
£ûе
ǣٳһУڸܣ˺˺ڤ˵Ķɱܹ˳£ôˣΪϣ
ħ֮Ĺһı
Щ𣬻̫һıǰͬһС
ʥǽħ֮ĹĽ֣ҲǳΪⳡı֮еһüֵӣЩϺһˡ
ôĳΪһöӣ
źԭΪδִµħ֮һʮ챻Ԩһ̲֮ԴǧĻҵǡҪܾôûʲôˡ
ڤͯ˵ţŤŲӣĹǽٶȷžžžı죬ڲϵ
Ȼ㲻ԸΪħۣǾ͸һһ𡭡ϰɣ


2177 µڤͯ
ڤͯϵɱԽԽʢʱԶȪ֮ӵĶ棬мħĹ⣡
ۿ⼸ħ֮Уֽڤͯ۶ʱҲڤͯƽһˡ
֣
һȣߣʥһֳ֣ͬ޹ĹǽһϢһʱ䣬ɫĻڽţеĻŵ˲㣬⾳
ǴһԥĶ֮Ѫ󣬸ֳսӰעڰǹϣһǹ̳
˵ĹĬ޼䣬ǶȣڤܷͯڤͯƵϣ
һѰλԣ¸޼ƿʩһ˲ͻᱻʥִˡ
Ȼͬλ񾳽ڤͯʥֹֻЦһûмκεȻϣȴһεġơ
֡ơͬһ·ɽӣǳشƣ
ִƳ֣ڤͯȫһڶĿ񱩵ĳ˷ķ俪ʥֻоԼ·ײһɽ֮ϡ

һ죬ʥֻǹ޿ƥеͬһ籩УıɣѪӿϾǿһѹ궯ѪתһȴʥѾһѪ˿
һڷ籩ǿŤת壬һץסʥ֣ǹ棬һĻǡ
䣡
ʥأоѪ
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ղһ˲䣬оԼʥĹڱǹɷ籩˴֮һ֣ڤͯյˣ
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˵仰˫ȻһգڤͯȫɱˣһѱƤŵĹͷžɢ̱һѡ
һƲлѹͷڤͯĲл꣬ڵ۹Ǻз⣬ȥ˻ħ²л꣬
Ʋл꣬һУ֮лȫ
л귢ֵļУʱħŲл˹һɫγɣڤͯĲлһ˽ȥ
ʼգⳡսϢʱ䣬ȫˡ
ֻһ𣬾ͽڤͯɱ
ʱеľѾԸӣ
ǳԽǿߵʵô
ѾˣֻһƲл꣬ұ껹ô̬ԼֱصĲ࣡
ı飬һЦ˵㲻سԾԶûôǿ󡭡ȥĶħղ˵ûҵȷʵʣˣƲл꣬սҲǿ൱ڶˮ׼ɡ


2182 Ӣһ
񣿡
΢΢һоڤͯѾﵽˮ׼ˣɱڤͯ׹һ㣬ȻҲǶ񡭡
ҡҡͷ˵Ҹոɱħʵǽ֮ƿزңǰƣȫˣҪɱҲס
ĻһղҲоˣͬԲٿشƣҲٿڤͯǿ
ֱ˼飬ͺĥһѵȴˡ
ʲΪʲôʱȴˣΪĿ⣬ȫʥϡ
ʥǰӣס˺ҵĲ
еٻӳֺԽԽǿңȫѪ֮٣ʥɣԼѪ
ҧ촽סеļ¶Ӷţá
ҵġ棿
ĵһ˿ɣһ˿ȷһ˿ż
Դ֪ԼţžѹʥеһʯͷڿŲˣ黹ƽ
棿
૵ظ֣̾һϸֳп֮ɫǰħ䣬νħʵҲԶԣΪֻأ׷࣬ƫɱ̫࣬ʵƫħġޡ֮Ҳ˶
ԭͲϣֲĳͻΪǵ˵Ǳۣѧ磬ĳͻԵ͵ìܣǵµʱ֣ҸˣҲֹΣǸǹͬ׷һŮӣԭ͸ٹ̵ìܿʼսĳ̶ȷչˡ
ǸŮӣѡңޱŭӣȴΪŮѡ񣬶ûȴĬĬ뿪ˡ
뿪ޣȫʱ䡢ȫͶ뵽֮У
Ҳҵ֮ͬ
ȴ֣һǱ˦ˣʱټޣѾ׷ѩ룬ʱʵѾͬҸˡ
Ԩ֣޿ܾͻһӵĳУͬİ·ȴ˽Է
Ԩĳ֣֪죬Ҹڶ꣬û潫𣬶ԨĶħһ壬Ѿˣ
԰ȥսħһǧĻۣ֪һսʮ̫˲ΨһǿһϢǣޣԨħԻָˣʮ̫Ӯһ˿Ϣ֮
ȻһսǸĴ۸أˣң
ȻԨĹƼ࣬ȴ֪ȥʮҪ𣬶ǸʱҼָܻԪˣȱҵĸսѩϼ˪
ʱȴ֪ҵӻˣԭΪڳ򣬺ѵãƺ첻ңʱ̣ӡ
֪ʱ޶࣬㽫Լֻظ򣬾ܵעҵĺӣϣܼ̳ҵһС
˵Ѿҵĺˣ
ҿԼŮʱҵʣѾ꣬ʱգҲĬȥ뿪̫壬ɱԨħĴӪţʱ̣ƴԱҲҪشħһΣȻһΣҸûмħǧħİΧ֮Уһֱսһͼڼħͬھ
Ϊˣû뵽ʣ˲л꣬ȴĻָʶħ֮Сֱ֮Ҳ֪ħ֮Ĺܡ
˵һУȻĿΪƽ˵飬ȴǲ׳
һ
ǰħӮŮӵģԨħսشħ񣬾Լ˽ʱǧħɱһͼڼħͬھ
νӢۣˣ
ʱڲǰʥĹ˵ϣѾŲһݡ
վǰģǰĸס
Ϊʮսҽͷ򣬾ܵĴԼ
뵽һ飬ʥ˫ĿѾʪ
ǰʥϣע̫̫ѪϣϣʵҲǳصѹ
ǰʥͬޱȱ顣
ʥϡǵħξе龰
Լǰһͯʱ򣬾ͿʼѵűԼ廹ߵĽ˵ԨħɱһһԨħ޾ɱʱߣվһĮ飬ʵһֱϸչ̫ˡ
뵽ԼڹµϣԴ˳ɭѪ֮У޷ܾ˾¶һֱ㹻
뵽Լ֮ս֮ϣ޾Ԩħɱɱֱһ̣ѪԼǽסڰԨ
ӳһ̿ʼѾעˡ
Ǿǡ
ΪսΪս
׳ΰ󣬻ʲôǣΪ̫Ԩħս̸ΰһ֮սʤζų
ǰ֪ж̫˽ܣǰ̵ȥֻΪˣȥ


2183 ֮
ʥܴĴ
ǰ̫ԶԨħǿ󣬵ˡ
һٽʱܱѪԺǳֲ֮񵱳˼ϣʮڲʳ֮ʳĸоһġ
˷ܲʱǾ͸ȥȾΧˣ߻һģôʮǿԼĵˣҲһս
뵽ص³һЩ꣬һֱо޴ѹǣһսǣⳡٽٵ̫죬ûгɳʱ䣬ҲҪһȥħ֮ĹĻˡ
սѣѣǰǧǧͬΪսǡ
ϵı飬е΢΢һЦ˵Ǹ
˵䣬Ѿ̧Ųźڰ̳ȥ
ʥһ£ҲûʣֱӸ
һϼ̳ʥҲ˼̳
״վ޴ļ̳֮ϣ̳֮ϱ鲼Ű߲İɫۼѪ澭ƾõ½Ⱦγɵġ
̳֮ϣƺ㲻Ķħ¶ħƻжħȥ
һֱߵ̳Ĳͣ
ǰǡЩֵʵ̳һֱʮ־裬ܴ̳֮иܵһŨɷô֪콾ڼ̳ޣ
תʥϸֳЩеЦݣԭħ֮ĹѵΪ˺ڰôѾߵȻܴһˡ
ǰ˼ǣ
һ㵣ڰԭһ壬ѵа취еΣգ
ֺڰǲصģһΪĨȥǸϼһ
˲ĻסˣѾȥ꣬ı죿
е뷨Ц㲻֣۹Ǻе֮ǰڵϹǿڵ۹Ǻʬµģ֮ǵǸϼһ֮ܿ󷨣ʮħ꣬һЩܹƿɱԼҲǺ顭
ʵǸϼһһֱȫƿص۹ǺңһЩʮ˽ܣϹʱĶħһħۣЩǰûһߣҲλ񼶣Լ˽ħ֮Ĺϣϼһһȫƿص۹ǺôبŲҰĿ¾Ҫʵˡ
˲ĻȻˣħ֮ĹĻǧ֪˶ɱħ֮ĹʵĿģֻԣħϹŴۡ
Щۣܸıá
پħ֮ĹĻӵ󷨺͸ַҪȫƿ۹ǺҲף
Լոս۹ǺʱЩжħлĳħĴţľ
ȻЩлӹʮʹ࣡
ʵҲˣЩϵĴۣ֮ⷨ²𣬿Ի꣬ôʱ䣬ħһΪС֮У־ô㣬ҲԳ޾ͷļį
õĥǷ
ʵǰеġϼһǲħ֮ĹĴߡħ񣿡
²ˣڿ۾ħ֮ĹĻ֣ҲŵĲ²⡣
۾ǲǵ괴ħ֮ĹħǾͲˡ
ħǾͿˣ»۵괴ħ֮ĹѾҪʵҰģ
һħ֮Ĺħһȹ𣬶ʵԼԽһǧĲ֣ʵһı붼˲
ȻѯʣȴҡͷңҲ֪
ôҶħ֮Ĺ˽⣬Ϊܵʵǣħ֮ĹոսʱȷʵΪ˶ȹڣǺȴˡħ֮ĹĻ֣ħˣħĳˣǺڰԨĳʱֵۡ
һֿԣνġĻ֡ħ֮ĹµݱУԼ
˵һֿʱȻһݡ
һ磬ݻԼǣҪبŴڣҪΪףǧ飬Ϊū
˼飬ϸ룬ʵδûпܣ
ħ֮Ĺһȹ磬ԭΥ顣
һѾΥôһԼǣҪūʲôֵģ
ԼӵؾȡаҲԽˣԭΪаǻĹͷĹͷȻ¹شԼϡͿĵõеͲͨ
ڿͷӦĳԽϹŴġ
аħ֮ĹĴбţѹҲΪħ֮Ĺṩ
ħ֮ĹĴã򣬶Ϊ籾Ϊۺܾ֮ܿ飡
޹ֻҪõҵ֮ˡΪǻ壬Ҳ֮ӹ̣һֱħ֮ĹϹŴ۲лƿҲԽԽǿ
оԼ˼·ԽԽʵͨЩҲûж壬ȥŪ۵ʲôҲ岻
ԼֻҪˣҪսʤϼһʮ壬ԼſȥǾ͹ˣ
ǰ֪ܲϼһѾʮۣڻ䣬ʮĲ֮һϼһѾʼʮ͸ˣצΪãղǰɱڤͯҲ֮һһצ޻֮ˡ
Ϊ⣬˵ոձɱĶħͨĳԼǸϼһʹ֮Ҳ֮С
ҶƿҪǶħǿԶҶԣҪɱͺˡ
ҪסΣҪǸϼһħ֮Ĺн֣ֻͬϹŲлܿǡӵ˺ħ֮ĹǸϼһͱƵˣ
˺ħ֮Ĺ磿
ҡҡͷһδܻ磬Ҫ˺̸ף


2184 ڰ
վںڰ̳ģֻоԼ̳ͨ۹Ǻϵˣĸ֪֮У֮
ԭνڰ䣬ǽܵ۹Ǻ֮ϴ񡭡Ҫ׿Ƶ۹Ǻħ֮ĹںΪһĻֲһ㣬ֲ֣Ҫǿūͣ㽫۹Ǻָ֮ЩںڰԨĶţͼڼħΪԼá
ڵ۹Ǻ֮ϴȴֲܻۿƵĻڻϸˡ
ЩȴЩִ۵飬᲻Ƚصĺ
ǰûпΪŭħ֮Ĺ
۵ǺȻ᲻ˡ
ɱڤͯʱ򣬾ѾĲл֮꣬˵۹Ǻϼһһһıչأǲ䣬ǲڤͯס
˵ţָָѾصеħڤͯĲл꣬ء
ڲɱڤͯ˲䣬ڤͯȴħѹ
۹Ǻ֮У⣬겻ɢʵ˵ǽ֮һ״̬ˡ
һԤ֪ķһ֣ڤͯ겻ɢһҲʧģڤͯͺѱ֡
ʱ̹עΧȻа취֣ĿǰڱչأαչطǳؼԼ֮Ϊ޳ĳطȫƿص۹ǺԻ۶ԣӦҪ飬ֱӹغҰǷܳʵ֡
ȥһеĻͺоעˡ
ţʥҲվȥɡ
šʥ˵ͷվߡʱ֮ʼ۹ǺʥڻȪ֮ӵĶ԰һٶħʼ
˭ҵĳ˯
Ȼ䣬һϵһʥը졣
ɱɱɱսսս
һ
Ѫ⣬Ѫ⣡
ߴĿͬҰһ꣬гɱ¾
˭ɱң
ٺ٣ȻиŮˣ۵ŮˣӼûŮ˵ζˣңң
䣡䣡䣡
һħײħţӴŷ϶У˸ɿȴצӡ
һʱ䣬ޱȵĿǳˮһʥ
ʥ֮ǰûԤϵᷢ飬΢΢һǸԴ߶꺣Щ˻꺣֮⣬Щ꺣Ļǿܻ̱ЩҰްͬɥʧġ
ұ죡
һȣףγ˳˷ȥ
¡
һٶħƺ˲ͬʱһԭҸӵʱʧˣвл궼
࣡
࣡
࣡
ħЦźڵ۹ǺлصţտĮ
㾹Ȼħгˣ
ٺ٣ûõģ㻹Ӳ۹Ǻ
ãܣҲѣ
ЩĻɫ糣ֻ̧˫ƣһѹ
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֮γ˾޴ĺһٶħϯȥ
ħҵ𵴣·һ˲䣬۹Ǻ֮оһ籩
ЩħĲлħ֮УȻܵвǴӲϱģ˺嫵ȴħ
׳ǵ֮
ŷ籩һصӹɡ
ƾʲôжħ
ΪʲôҪģ
ٺ٣ǸŮ˸ҵĻҵǿԿһ¡
ڰǵͼڼħǿʽͼڼħ޵ĴڣҪڵĲл껹Ҫǿ
ԲԵӴʥϴ۹Ǻħл
ƾվˣǲǺ޲ýԨʬΣ޲ʳ⣬ѪôһȦţʲôʱ˾һǵִʲôʱʵ֣
ȴһǿ⼤
һħлͻȻЦ˵ʲôòָСèСһһһŮܹǸ϶ɣ
ûɣǽ֮׳ΪСϴ񣿡
ǲڣ񶼲㱻˰꣬ɵ˰ɣ
ħЦԭѱ֮Ѻ꣬иǳ
Ǹ඼ͬһ壬Ƕйͬĵˡۣӵǲ̸ס
΢΢üʵͨڰ䣿
֮ǰĿڤͯһսڤ֮ͯļӳ֮£Ѿλϵսλ𶥷ΪȻܹڤͯĹ¼ּʮϢʱ䲻ʵòľѡ
ʥȻһЩȴԼǰŮת츳ʵҲӹˡ
ԲǳܺڰĿ飬ȥսսʤĻۣ
ֻǿǱĻû⣡
򶨹˵Ǳʵͬ츳ֱ۵жϷһ˵ۺս䡣
ⷽ棬ܼ
һأ۾оâһ
һҧͷһԣ
ȺڰһѶȣ󣬿ҪսʤۣѹԼƳԼļޣ
ã
Ŀһ˿͵ĹâһתĶħ˵˭ңԽǿעǣܲܳܵס
һħ΢΢һ۹Ǻ֮Уʱ


2185 
ǿעСϣ
ٺ٣࣬˵λôһٶֱСӺŮ˱
СһгɣҲҪô̵ֶĥǰɣ
ڳ˼Ϣ֮ħЦţڰĹʮʹ࣬ǿȴﵽǿĻʹȻҲ֮ǿ
ڳܲס±ǧлҪʹٱ
֮ǵ껹ᱻֻǲħǻᱻڵ۹Ǻµһ֮Уڰ޹ӵħץ
ΪЦһǶѾˣЩʲôãǻָһܸɣˣҾãǽǿ֮עҲǲСԱģ
٣㲻üǣСѣҷҾͳȫ㣡
һħЦŵ˵Ҫ֣ʱһӴ̶ĹЦ𣬡Ԫͣøֵܰɣ
˵꣬ת࣬㲻ǶСһôãֵֻǸеĳ֣ǹעǿŪͰǸСŮӹֺֺǣΣ
⼸ſɫǵ⼸ˣ֮ǰһֱʥߵɫж
ħ֮ĹľˣһЩл֮Ҳ໥ʶЩζͶı˴ֵ֮Ҳ֡
ޱ飬սȭͷ߶ѹ֮ž죡
ôţ㻹붯ֲɣħ֮Уܰô
⼸ħ˿η岻ȷܽΣǶѾˣһΣħҲᱣǵꡣ
ʵĻǺȥģħ֮б£įץ˵ǵǰ;ҲͬȦڣֻȻȫ磬һɱ
ʱϻ࣬ҵǿǲܽΣԼǹһһٵĸ˵һ飬Σ
ȻЩϹħѾˣٽôдħǵĽȴڣĸħ˵һ顰ǹĻԺټ۹Ǻˡ

裬֮ǰ˵ļħŭ
֣Сӱ
ɱ
һȺħǲʱħ֮Ĺģһħһ֣ħ˵
ħҲʮ㣬һʮ˲㣬ڻȪ֮ӵĶ԰Ѿ߲ħˡ
ˣħֵʱǻΧԭѾħһ籡񱩵֮
¡
ִĺâ죬ͬʮ޴ߣдϸֱ˶
һ֮ʥͳȥ̧ͷƵĶʮ
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䣡
ʮĳڼ̳֮ϣ˿ֲıը
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˱ŰԼмЩ磬ըѹٱըѹ
ֻоԼĸǱһһشݺݵĺʵٺʵ
ĸоһݾǡ
ˬ
ʹ죡
һĳХХֱ죬ص۹Ǻ
ĸоʹеʱʹʹ࣬˾úܴ̼˷ܡ
⼸ħעڣʹþ̶ȣɵĳܣһһֺˬС
ʲô
Сӣ
ǵ֮󣬲ûбûʹȥʹ죬ֱڴǵ

ǣ
ϹŶħץˣһŭĺ͵ϡ
ս˫ȭһХ
ʹ죡
ǿһ㣡
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ţϹŶħѾ첱Ӵ֣ڵĻڿٵģ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬۵֮Ѿ˴ˡ
ۿħѾ㾡ȫϴˮƵģˬĲУϹŶħˡ
ζͶϹŶħȻɫԣʵӹɣǻƿ˼Ѿȥħ֮ħ֣ȫȴκβһλ𶥷С
ȤȤ
һϵһħħҲʮ˲㣬ʮ˲ħÿһ㣬߶ȶҪħ߳һħħ֮УֺȺĸо
Сһ治˼飬ҲܸǸϼһһ鷳Ҳ˵
һϵ˵
鷳ʲôãҪϼһϸһУ㹻ʱɳĻ
ٺ٣ɳҾһ֮
ͻȻ䣬ڻȪ֮ӵĶ԰һħâֳ֮ɫͬһ޴Ѫһ㣬צ
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ɫͲͬڸղħǿܺ͵֮һˣ
˸ȫʹӾ֮⣬ҲӲĳûʲô֧Ųסļ
һĻ龰֮ǰĶħоˣǺ޲Ҹطȥټһǿħ֣ûκ˵䱬ˡ
ҾͲˡ
ħҧгݵļ֣ʱµĶħ˽ݣݣݣݣ
ĵ⣬
˼һ𣬸СһټӰϰɣ


2186 ©֮
ĵ֮󣬴ħ֮ϣһһͬٲһע֮ڶʱǣ
ģģ
Щ֮У̺˵־
Щ־еаеıŰеĳĺɱ
ڵ۹Ǻ֮бӡ˼꣬Щħ඼Ѿ񣬲̬ҪһУ
֮ԽԽ񱩣ʱҲɫ
Ƕʮħһ֣ħѾˣǺޱҪһ˳
ˣ
ʮɽ˿ֱֲ֮õ۹Ǻվҵ·ڱʲôҵĳײš
۹ǺκǿĴﶼᱻشѹơǿ֮ȴ˵۹ǺľΪ۹ǺشΪһ壡
δ͸о³ʱ⣬ӵҰްսֱ˲Ϣ䣬Ѫͬĺ¡죬ĵӭһ֮Ĺ䡣
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һ𣬶ʮʮɽѹϣһɢԣҽӿ롣
ЩǿÿһϹħģڸо˾޴ѹ
һ˲䣬嶼Ƶͣ·Ҫըһ㡣
Сӣܿ
Χħһټʮȫ۵ϣſı֡
֮ǰִħϵ״Ҳ֪ļ޵͵Լ֮ҪһЩ档
ʱ򣬱ֵ֮ٴ˾˱仯ǧëף뵳ҫ۹⻪Щ⻪⼤䣬ƤγǧϸСУԴԴӭĹ䡣
ڰţߴһһ򿪣һǱܱŷÿѨŴհĻԹ⣬ƺ涼̾һ
ÿһѪܻһЩ֮
֮ԴԴϵĻ۵֮Уͳһ壬Ļظ˹
ŤѪţɫͨȻԡӴ֮УҲɡ
ӣҲȥɣ
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۹Ǻ֮ħ֮ĹĻۣյ꣬ڰĽУҲһ飬άʮ꣬ϰꡣ
ʱ䣬Ҫ֮ϴ;޴ʹ࣬úܶųܲסںڰ֮䡣
ʥ˵ͷߵߣվӴ֮С
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ͨǵ֮һʱγѭ
ɫԽԽƽȻͬʱڵ֮ȴԽԽŨЩ֮ӣÿһѪÿһƤÿһȾһ̥ǵı仯
ԭѾһ£ҪκεĴǧѣڣ֮Ľԡ£ٴͻƣ
µս֮УʵҲٻ
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оԼ·ı˺صĴأȹ̲ĳ֮ϴ
ֻǿʼֻҪ򲻵ļζκڰ䣬ԽԽ˳һֱ֮յޣ


2188 ٽ
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ֻҪʱͻɾ
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۹ǺһټʮλȻ񣬵ȴܱǵϹŶħȥս


2190 ˫
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2191 ֮
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磬棬ʸֵˣҲˣ
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Ʒʼߣʥ֣ҲֻһһĽĥ顣

һ죬ͼ֮۳һʵӰ
ӰһģȻòָкܴĲͬٱȻ۸ɫ԰û˿ѪɫǱѪ꽩ʬ
ʣǻµͼڼħ֮
ӰһâޱעԼӰ壬һһ飡
ӰȻֿʥȻۿһ鿪ȴûκξ㤵ı飬ϹһֳЦ⡣
΢΢ü˫һϣʥ䷨ͬʱע¡
䣡
ӰȫըƬ֮УȻһĨЦ⣬ȴͬħ䣬Իþòɢ
治ɫһѹӰٴα飬Σڻ֮ȫˡ

ʥȻոͻʵǣǻ۵ĳ֣ʥһơ
޹֮ģҲʥųʵ۶֪꣬۵Ŀ¡
Һ񡭡ָһЩǰļ䡭
ʥĵĿڣղͻ񣬳طϴʥĴ˰ǰǺ嫰ļ䡣
Щ֮Уʥǰ򣬻սɣй
̫ӣʥͻҲֻǴеһ֣廹Ҫһһ˳һݼĸգʻʥ޴ĺô
Ŷʲô
һʥļ仹ǺҪģȻҲ֪ǰ飬ǳս֮У̫硣
֮ʮٻڰԨԿ˼꣬һʷ·˺ΣʮôԨħջ˵ģЩ治
ʥ֪Ȼ˽һвСİ
Ȼʥҡҡͷ˵ٵϸڣҼǲáֻ֪ǰҵǰѪԼû֮ڣڰԨʱʵһ˿תԱΪʮתɡǰĮսҲϣܹһġȥεھת֮󣬴ʮתͻļޣԽףԽ·ˡ
Ȼʲôȴ֪ˡ
ڿҵĵʮתʵʧˣΪҶ˼䣬Ϊһж¿ʼˡҲ֪ΪΣ۷ˣȻ֪ҵݡ
ˣǸңĳֲΪ֪Ŀġ
ʥ˵΢΢һݡ
ɲ⣬ʵ£ҲԽǧ֣֮ԣ塢ʥ塢·Щ㲻ʲôˡ
컯ʥʣҲΪ
컯ʥȻʥ֮ʮľ޴ҰģǱۣǾС׼ס
˵ģ۷ӡڵ۹ǺϹħۣǰ۷ʱ򣬰컯ʥŽȥҲֻΰɡ
ԽһǧĿʱ䣬ӵһԪںڰԨ콾ħײ֮أԵʮϰٸ컯ʥʸǿĿ¶ħ
ʮ촦Ƶԣ컯ʥʾ̫ǿˣ˵һ֮ƥУǰߵ˶ûС
ʱ䣬컯ʥӦѾˣ˵Ѿ̵ʮԪϵ֮ϵ
Ļ͸Σˡ
ȻϵԣûʲôӰ죬ķڻԶԪϵҼзƾҲԽ״ƣ
ɵģֻлۺħ֮Ĺˡ
ڴ֮ǰҪһʮ졣
컯ʥʵ鷳ҪȥԺڰԨµĵˣʥڶòκ塣
ȻҪʥԼ˵ĻףǣҲûȰ˵࣬Ϊߵ磬ԵԶǱǿ
Ҫʮ죡
ͻȻڣ۾ʥûж˵˼ѾԣǾʥһߡ
֮ǲʮģ³ɾˣ֮ͨҲ⡣
ʥڵѪͳȻЩӣ֮ھǰʥѪ֮µģ֮Ҳﵽ񾳽ʥˡ


2192 ԴϾ
ϯ۹Ǻ֮
ʥء
ԭͻ񼶣ѾվˣοʥͬаȺۣǵʵѾﵽ˿Ӱδִֵĵزˣ
ȻҲ֪Լ۵ĶԿʵֻ˵һӦĳֹһ޳ɣƿħ֮ĹʵԴ⣡
Լʱ̫ˣֻҪ۹ɣ¾ͻڼ̵ʱڣϤħ֮ĹеһУʱֱֻۣһս
еˮƣСĽʧˣʥˣһԽͯŮħ֮С
ʥ೤һųһ˿ЦݣǧŬĵȴûа׷ѡ
лǰ
ʥֱ࣬ӹȥйݴ
Ϊʥԣףʥ˷޹ϵһ
ʧȥ֮ġʥ䡷򣬻κڰ䣬඼ʥ֮Ƕʦ
ΪʦΪ඼ܵһݡ
ӣɡο֮ɫΪ󱲶ĵͬʱȴЩǣʥγ֮ٵĽǶôµĵˣѹϵĵ̫ˡ
վǶԶʮħлȪ֮Ӷ԰һٶħңң
ʮħеħΪԼʥӳ˯ݶ£Ҳǡ
λǰպ߾ȫǳ
֣صĳŵشģȴһƬſЦ
٣СӣѾˣôܾȳҪбܴɢӵĲл꣬ǲĽѡ
ɲָܾǣҪƬҪпܣպԽϼһҧһ⣬ù¾ƣ
һȺħ˵š
ںڰյħ֮УһɲĻһ꣬еʹֱˡ
Сбһ£ͻץң־ǿ󣬱ؼ꣬Ҳƫ
ĬĬĸ̾Ϲħǻᱻʵǵֵסջڵʱ۹Ǻֻһãϣ롣
֪Ƿ޷׷𣬵ȴĸ򵽣ʵδؿҸ
׷
׷ģǱġ
ʥڵʥ׷ģѾ𣬶Щģĸж
ΪԼıĶ䣬Ĵ۷ɡ
ʣԼıʲôأ
ǻǣԼԼĺӡˡˡѡˣܹҸ֡ƽȥɡ

ӣǸ
ͻȻڣתʮħ֮С
ԭħˣħĺ֮£ʮħĴѾ俪չصһǧʱڴΧȴһ֮Щ֮˴˵ӣݻɵаķġ
ô֮ϵĶħƺҪ±պϡ
۹Ǻķ򣬻ǿ¡
лͷƣⲻڵʮħǳҪ·
ʱѾħվ
ħ֮еһУɺʯ̶ɣЩʯ˰ʱ䣬òɣϣɢµϢ
֣˵֮ʯҡ
һ£ûжʣһħġ
ħĵݸ˲
ħڲģתţпһ˵Ԫʮֱʱ֮ʯ飬ԼԴϾ
ԴϾ
һʾϿˡ
⻹һϿ֣֮ǰϿĽзҲݱԴϾɫ̬Լ֡
·˵õ
ǡ˵ͷԴϾҲıԴ۳ɵɫ壬֮ʯҲƣﶼͬ׼ǣݻһ棬ʵöӡ
˵һģʵϣҲи֮֡
ţʥסˣУôи֣֮
ʥɻ󣬲͵ָ£Щʱһǿ񲻵ǱҲʹǵˣܳɳģɳûҪľʹߣ
ʹߣԺУ˲ʱ仮һ⡣
ǵǵʹߵ˳Խľ磬磬ʵѾվ˸һĸ߶ȼˣԴʱʹ߱Ӱ
ԴϾڰǰĴ֮ǰ׷ʮϣ֮ʯҲˣ꣬һֱ֮ʯӰ룬ҵϵȥҵ겻ϵȥ
˵ţԾˣһԽĴڣħħȻһˡ
˵ħΪӣĴ磬Աӹ̣
ͱħ֮Ĺһǳߵ磬ǧͨ۲ֶεȹ̶̳ȣǧǰȻǿһˡ
УħϿȻȺһ㣬־ԵһǣħϿԼġ顱ȴûС
뵽һ˵
䣬һħлһСŮĿɰģ
ʱСŮɫãĿŲоǰƺЩУƺȫİ


2193 ħ
̾һ¶һ޵ĸпȻǿźСĿȴ·𴩹˰ƾ£˹ȥģ
к
Ű
ɴ۾ĿŲֻǾǰЩϤһɺŵζϵζһ
ͦ֡СԴЩ꣬ˡ

һ£֪˵ʲô
壬˵ʲôѽ
ûʲô
ȰһЦСԴתͷ˵չ˺
һġ֣صĳŵ
̾һ˵ĺ֮ʯе֮顭
֮飿
һν֮飬ʵһ꣬ɽɽ꣬к꣬ǻ꣬顣
ڻԵɺ£ƾõʱ䣬ܲԣӡҲˡ
Ԥ۱ħ֮Ĺ֮顣
ԡڤݳ֣˻ۣˡ顱ƿħ֮ĹڤˣʥڤͯһǿߣҲεƿġ
Ҳתˡ䶼ˣһսɢˡ
˵赭дһսľ춯ء
ħˣϿҲˣСľ࣬һڰǰĴս⵽شˡ
СصϿҲǱԴϾУֻϣָܻһЩɡ
ţСŮкϧСŮǻʮûʲô
ӣվ
ħʥ˵
ʥ֪ҪʲôǹԹԵվ˲ǰ
Ҫ
˵ţħİʥüģԭȭͷСħѸСܿСʥüľתģٿһû˽ȥ
ĸ֪ʼʥ֪ħûʥĻ꺣
꺣һ߶ԣȻǼΪҪĵطһ꺣ѣ߾Ϳɰ׳ա
ħΪһ˵Ļ꺣һ˲佫꺣ʳƬ
ڶԲΣһԲĬĬĵţ뿴׼ʲô
ʱһʱ䣬ȫעɫЩأȻΪ棬Щ
ֹһħɳһɲǣĿһʥıԴӡǣƺϢħ֮С
ǰ㡭
֪ʲôƺħԿһ˿ʥӡѾ˼һУ֪ڡ
⻹ûнٲٿħɵü֮ǰͬûĻ꺣
ȫעħһ˿ӡȡħ
ЩɻĿ
ҽó֮ʯ뽫֮ʯ
˻һ˵ʥҲ㵵ĿŲ֪ΪʲôҪ
ڣȻ֮ʯø
ڵʵѾﵽһ㣬պкܴĳɳռ䡣
ħԸ۵İգȻü֡
ǰԸô
ԲǾء
˵ԼĳڰǰΪʮս˺պս
ʥ䡷Լ͹߳ǧĺڰ䣬ԼĻۣһͻ񣬾Բжˡ
ֶ飬ɽݡ
Իۣħǵʵ˳Խľ磬ܷЧ
ܵ͵ʱħһ޵Уǿ꣬ħǰҲޱȡ
ǳԽͲͬˣΪɴѾվڸͬĲˡ
˵ڣǰӵħ·ӵϿҲֻش˻ۣûܽɱ
ɴ˿ɼԽ񾳽Ŀ¡
֮ʯãʵڸϣһרŵһǧħһа취ϼһûô׳ƿص۹Ǻȫ
Ҫħ
ǡЩԥħˣȻϸ룬ԲûܷôͼĴ
˵ǵļƻܸʲôӰ죬ͱĻǲȥʵʩ
ֻǽ裬֮ʯ棬ӡǵıԴӡǣһа취صеġ
̹Ȼ˵֪ⷬôģֲõԤС
ħַۣʲôĽ
ǻ᲻ܻ۲пı
оԻ۵ֶκ⣬һǧֱȳʹһǧĥķ
뵽ЩǰܶԿۣ
ӡУ̫ǿһƲл꣬Ҳٵħܰѻô
ô֪
ЦЦûйԼҪʲôﾲһʱ䣬֮Ǳȥɡ
ԥһ£Ϊѵĵ˵ͷĿħһۣˡ
һʮõħ֮⻹ǵһħ뿪Լ
ôҲǳڶԲľΡ


2194 
ڰԨʮ㣬ޱߺ
һƬɲ⣬ޱ߼ʵĺ󣬺ˮɫأͬˮһ㣬ںмټͨϺֻǿޡħ档
ʱޱߺϷŻɫŨŨǽǦܼߵķΧһߣߣ֪Ҳܵ谭
ģ
һĳХƺ쳹ߡ֮Ǻص֮УɳʮֻʵӰЩˣɫòʮ죬ǺڰԨ̫ߡ
ʱЩ̫òţңƺʲô׷ɱ
ܷ죬ܶݺٶȻǿô࣬Ǹϵ˻أͻᱻ׷ˡ
һ˵߬һѷֽʱʱһȥÿηֽŨбը̶СġһХȻĳޡ
ϧХȴޱ˵ķֽը󷢳ĲҽУΪʹͷŭĽ
ߵķֽ˶׷һЩ鷳ǵٶ֮⣬𲻵ɱеãһڲϵļŭǡ
Ҳû취顣
ףҼǵǰһ죬ľ죬ЩľɼǽЩħȥܼɭǵٶȱȻơ
˵һŮ˵ŮȻᣬȺƺмߵĵλȻʵǿԭ
˵飬̫ȴһɭֿɲʲôƵأЩһ˵ģǳɭ֣ҲǸȺ뻢ڣһƴǱȻ׶༪١
ڵѾɲԥˣɭ֣·ûˡ
ХԽԽϵŨѾ޷еĿпһͷͷƽɣһβ͵ĺŨ¶ͷ
ȻŮеħˡ
ħ㣬Ҳһ̬Ԩħֻǻ۱ȸߵȶħҪࡣ
ʱЩħ㣬ۿҪ׷̫ߣôȥɭֶ֧Ųˡ
Ůһҧ΢΢һ٣תһ
׷ʱͣӽȻΣ֮ħİΧ֮Уʬ޴档
οŮһҲδܸħʲôˣֻһǵٶȰˡ
˫֮䣬˴ʵ̫ˡ
Ůӽһ̣д󼱣ΨŮ⡣
Ȼȴȫ㵣ĿţŮһӳ֮󣬽ԭһͻȻǵأɫ䣬֮һƬѪ꣡
ϰͷħ㣬ȫʬһķѣжһ㱻ɱ
Щħϵи䣬ÿһ⣬֮гһĽһ߿һ֮ڣûһ˿ʹ˿ͨһ߿Ľ϶ĿԶڼʮ֮ĵط
ֻǼϢ֮еɢˣǱ紵ܵģ棬
˾ˣŮҲסˣ⽣Ȼܷġ
˵˵ɫĽɫģղŵĽȴǺɫġ
ɫ⣬ѵǻصĸָˣ
Ůͷȴں֮ϲԶһŮӡ
Ůòһֱ䣬֮¶һǧ֮Ϣְǿģģûֱ
вûнʵղҲûгֻǶ˽ָѡ
˵̫ɡ
Ů˵ţʱ̫ŷ֣֪ʲôʱֶһ
һˣò絶Уһ˫۾ͬǳ󺣣ɲ⡣
ӳֺ󣬺ŮӾ͹ɵվߣλƺжϻϣһһΪ
˿µŮˣһΪôǡ
ڳ̫߶ЩӶ·ˣǰ˻ŮˣԨħǳƣô
ѵǡ
ڳˣԺͻȻһ⣬ǰ̫Ľܷѩһ˵ã˱һӣʵĽܷѩ֮¡

˼ʱȴ΢΢۾źɬĺ磬Щп
һǧˣ
Ǻڰ䣬ͽһǧʮ꣬ټ֮ǰħ֮ĹĲʮ꣬һǧһˡ
֮ʥûϴħ֮Ĺгٱչİ꣬׹λ񾳽硣
֮ڲħİ£ͨһֱͨ뿪ħ֮Ĺһ뿪˺ڰԨʮ˲㣬ͨ۹ǺĿռ䴩ʮ㡣
һУ֪
ʱʵѾȫȹ̣ǣҲǲһ˿ܿڰ˵
˵ʵѾһһηԾ
Ѿ̥ˣ
صڰԨʹٶȷʮ죬֮ǰȾҪҵĽܷѩ
Ѿ˽ħ֮ĹܣҲ֪ڰԨʮ켴սʱĽܷѩںڰԨȻἫΪΣա
ţĽܷѩһ뿪ڰԨ
ǣ֮ǰĽܷѩԼõӡǣܿҵ
ڵʵڹ̶һΧø֪ĽܷѩλòѣϾĽܷѩõ󷨣ʮ˽⣬Щ󷨶ԣû̫赲á
̫壬ûˡ
ʥ̾һȻ֪̫龰ֻ֮ǰʥ֪ԼȻΪ̫޹أԼǰ̫塣
·ˣǲ̫
š컯޳пţת̫Сӣ˵Ľڰɣȥ
̫СӵǶһۣګګĵ˵ͷ˵ڡڵġ


2195 ʮ
һ̫壬һǧܹ꣬ôãҪΪħ֮ĹһУתħ󲿷־
ħ֮Ĺ֮󣬺˺ڤ˵ĸȫûԺܶԨԣֱǸ
һֱħ֮ĹڿܾãûһߵȶħӳڳԨɵˡ
ԨԪˣټλʧĸܲ
ʱħȻԭģͲĹˡ
ңЩѾ͵࣬һʼĴʼϢչ
Ľܷѩ̳һּ䣬ټṩһЩ̫֮Щȫָ̫Щ꣬Ҳӿֳǿߡ
ܲޱߺĺ
ڽ֮ܲǰĽܷѩѾ֪ˣͬģҲ֪Ľܷѩ
ڴĽܷѩһ۾ͿΪ
Ľܷѩϣľ֮ɫ㡭ͻˣ
ǧͻģ֮ǧ꣬λ𶥷壬һǧ꣬ͻٶȼֱ졣
šΪħ֮Ĺԭ˵ʦ㣬һһ˵ɡ
ߣĽܷѩ΢΢һ㵣ָ֪ȥ
һվŵʥҲĽܷѩԡ
ʥںڰԨһ㣬֮ǰΪԾĽܷѩȻ͸֪ˡ
ǻʮ죡
ն˵мʮˣô˻Ԫ칬װˣתҲ鷳
ʵȻɿ̾ϢǽĿ籩ԴЩˣڰԨ
ʱѾƼһڰԨ̫ΣգҲĴΣ
ʵϣȷʵĵģǺܺá

ʮ죬桪
Դ뿪壬ǰԨʱѾȥһǧʱ䡣
컯ʥǰͳˣʱսսѾֹ˻棬ּһδͨ̾Ϣǽʹ棬һڽͨ
ƾ棬ʥ
Ϊ֮ǰսУѾʥش컯ʥʳ֮Ȼʥ濹⣬ΪʥޣƾָӵΣҲǿάš
һƬҵʯռгڵߺ߸֪ǼʳΪЩ赲ǳĹâƬޱߵ֮Уʵ̫ѱˡ
ʵ㷢ҲûʲôƵǼʳҪáסΪλݣÿһǼʳֿԿԽռ䣬ҪгȫһҪôĸ֣ø֪е̺ʽ
ø֪ڶʱһģΪߣʥ壬Ѿ࣬ҲҪʥһĴսչΧΧˡ
ƬʯڲӵĿռṹһƬԹԹģв
Щޱ˵һʥߣʥ̤УҲᱻԻ󣬱档
Ļ󣬳֣֮εʵ컯ʥû֮ܽƿ
ʥԿ˾ǧʱȻʧأҲɳ˺ܶ࣬Լ󷨷˲ϵķԾ
Ϊ˱ȫĻֲ֣˶һٶǴʥѰѶȡ
ôʥţҲֻ֧֣ǣһ£еƣǾǱչض컯ʥʣվľԪϵˡڣԪϵ֮䣬һĤ
ĤӰ޳ߵʵȴ谭Ϊٽһ
ڵߣűʱ򣬾ͻоǳ˽ǧٱ޷ͻơ
λλλλԭͲ׵Ǿ͸ϼˡ
ôȥΪɥʧ
νġѾ
һΪѾ飬ʷϲûǰ̫ǿҲΪѾġ
ȶԣ۹ģʵ̫Զⳡ˿֡
һѾʼ㣬֮ܶ£ֹͨ񺣾磬콾Ҳʥͻƽʱȴ޷ɹ
֮Уֲʼӿ
Ȼ󷨵ıӻһûиֵһʵԾǿ߿˵һһ
ôȥò˶ã᲻սܡ
֮УһƬСС
һ֮У£米һ˳ǹò㣬Ƿ
ϸмơ
ĳӡֻġ
ʱֻǰˡСħɡ¡гաȣԼһλʤѩòĺŮ
Ůȥʮ߰ӣ񻣬˫ȻԲֱȥˣȴһų߳İɫ
ĵʮöӴСȮһ𣬾ĩСöȮУҲа߿ϸ״ɵĺŮϣһʮǿҵӾ
ŮҲйһ֮ԵīǺڰħ״ӣһ֮Ժգ˳ΪСħɵڶ
ʱ¡īֻġгաСħ˳âǷֲյ㡣
ȣ˫ֺʮ˵ġ
һεƣӵɢԳһƬء
֮Уһӷ࣬ӿԣ⣬ɽɫľģʡ
һǧĵȣѾͻ񾳽磡


2196 
һֱĶǿߣΪ˥䣬֮·˳
ʥ巢һĴս֮Уһֱޣճ
Ҳĵڶ
߸ͬһ֮Уžʮָһöһöķӡʱ£һ̨
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ǵѶȣڵȵ£Ϊƿй֮޲
ôţû˭ܴƣԽǳͼԽܸоĿ£ȽûиоһȽϣ֪һжѡ

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СħΪûǰ㣬гʱչأ仹һ꣬ǧʱǴڷֱ״̬ġ
һһ𽫽ǧ꣬ڶǧꡭ
𣬶Ҳ֪ǺǻСħܲġ
ȥĿǺڰԨǵطʵ̫Σա
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īڵ۾Уʼ˸ųݺ;ɫ
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СħԼһصܴﵽλѾˡ


2197 
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Ȼ˵Ƕγͼʧܵܽᡣ
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ҪԽ컯ʥʣ»Ҫ൱ʱ䣬ҲζԼδǧڣǼ
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д󾪣˵ȡгգǶ羴мӵֻĶо˼顣
·һΪϿżٱ֮ǰ˥䣬ûͻ֮Щʱʮ궼ûгһţҲżǰޡ
Ȼ˵֮·Ѿ󿪣ǧǰ뿪ʱλ𣬹ʱ񣬻Ǹе̫ˡ
ٶȣֶݡ
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ͻٶȣѵȣ
ͲȥǸȵʱ򣬾ô˸Ҳͻô찡Ҹȵˣôͻ񣿡
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οڼǰ컯ʥʻˣͻƸϼѣ
˵ķӦ⣬͵뿪Ȼǧ꣬꣬͵ǧˣʵ뿪ǧʱ䡣
ǧꣿ
ͣɻԼһЩǾԽܣһǧʱ仹̫ˡ
޷ޱȣȻ޴󣬵Ҳʱ࣬ÿһͻƣҪֲۣ


2198 Լ̸컯
عǿߺܿ˷ΪʥԴķϵһĴսʱѾ࣬ϼ֣ǿдֻҪСһЩҲȥɡ
ص˾СħɣΪСħϯӭλ֣ͬʱҲΪϴ
ϯΪˣ䣬ȻλȫĽ㡣
˴ιʥȻ棬ȴһֱûڹ¶棬ֻСħ˽¼һ档
Сħǧǰ˵ʥ֮֡
ʥСħʵǺʲô׽֮ɸлʥϾûĻܾҲˡ
ʥСħƣȻԸվĬĬ֧ǶԱˣȴѷеȥӴ
ʥСħ֮䣬ֻԺ˼ֿˡ
ʥһ˶Сħ֮Уʼӭӱ͡
ֻСħߺ󣬾Ŷ̽ͷ̽ԵЦĿʥղǸƯǲֻĸ裿ϵǻģȡӶ绨أ
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һŶͲǴֵ࣬Ŷ޵ķҲԪϵʮ֮һܸ˵ġ
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ŶʥȴЦˣŶͷ˵Ҹ㸸ߵһ𣬿ɲΪġ
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Ϊɡʥĵ˵̾һʵΪֹδܰ֡
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۶ЩҲãǶѣСħЩȫεˣокĸĤ
ҲֻиĽܷѩʥϼ䡣
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ʥԣûʲôϰһˣҲϰ˹¶Ҫڣ֮⣬ҲҪ˭顣
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ٶȣ𾪵ͬʱҲһ˿ǣǾٶͻͽʵ뷨᲻
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ͨһڳ˶ԾͣƱ磬׷׿Щ˵ϴĵ顣
ͻʵǶ٣û
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컯ʥʣϾһ񣬶ҽڿгĽʵﵽʲôѾɴˡ
ڼȲ˽Ҳ˽컯ʥʵ£˶ԾƵȻжϳʲôֻˣһ״ô졣
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ҿ˻ʱ»ȱչһЩʱգһ¸
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ͨɫĿָʲôܹڶʱڣԸıĽ顣
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ƺ壬Ѿʥƽһͬûг·ˡ
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ڵǵȣо׳ҲѸʲôԲô˵һǿߣٲ컯ʥʱȫѹˡ
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ⷬ˵ڳͷһ
ͻ֮ǰҲһǧʱ򣬾Ѿͻˣ
ܱΪʥءĵطҲ˲á
ںڰԨһǧ꣬ȫޣôҵˡ˵СħһۣЩ֮ɫ
СħοһЦһİ
ʵʵûа취СħɴϢԨӣȫյħ֮Ĺжȹġ
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˵˶ǾһǶоԵΣȻ˵ʥĵôȻ޵ķʸ
ôͨӿڵΪмĺӶ΢΢
Ϊˣҡ˵ϳǿһһٵ˵ҴԼ̸컯ʥʣ
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2199 ʹ
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컯ʥʲôҲܵĻԸ컯ʥԼ̸Ǿսʱδػ
赭д˵ţ˭ҲûϵʥƵĽȻô򵥡

Լ̸컯ʥһ£ôˣȻСħɡ˶ޱȵģȨߣ漣̫࣬û˻ҲΪȥûаյ顣
һ˵Լ̸һ£㲻ɹҲʲôǡ
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ֿܱʵС齢֮󣬿ԽпռŲƣһниı䷽ñ˲鵽Դء
ǧʹ׼ʥļ;ۼأֱͶŹȥֻǴºϢʹݵʥ塭

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ŮһϮɫȹĳг׿Լģ˫ĿϸɫԲ԰ףһֲӵĸо
ŮӵķϣƯ𣬸ƽһض׽ζ
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սϣսиԼżɱֽ֣ԣһ
ֻϧ崦أѾܾûиʥ彻ˡ
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΢ţоһƬҡ
ǧǰӵһμΪԼĶ֣֮ȥΧʵ֤Լһģͻ֮ԼʦƮսƽ
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ѵѾŵܹԿ컯ʥˣ
Ӹо⼸ܣʱŹȥ˶áǧǰλΪܵʲô̶ȣòΪʲôģսʤ컯ʥʰɣ
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ӣܶʥ֣ʱҲõϢ
аʥ𣬻աаЩһĿܡ
˿ʹĵһʱ䣬ΪϷˣǣܵһȦף
ǲŲĻ쵽컯ʥԼ̸һٸӶܣĻǾͲ¸ң޴ˡ
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ʱ컯ʥʥƼʼͼ
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˵Ķԣ˹ˣѵֻеģַʽǲǣֻǱЩѹôʥʱǵˣǺ޵û취ԾɵֶΣ
ߣ廹ôģǵĴʲôһ죬ǲֵܳġʵڣɳֿ죬ǳ֣ǵĸ󻼣Ļ̶ֳܴȡ
벻ôԭ˵ʲôģǸλˡ˵ûǻΣֻҪȥͿˣʥʱҲø֪ԶԶ̽飬Ļû˿
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ʱƮҲõϢ
˼˼
Լͬһĺ룬оЩ˷ˡ
Լ̸컯
ͬʵܳɳô죬Ⲣڴ±Ҫ׼ʲô
Ҫһˣڴ˳ʥĴսȥս


2200 Լ̸֮
컯ʥһɫ֮УһĿӣĳ֮ϡ
بʯ죬λһɿ֮ͬϣӡ
ӵУҲһµĮȻ·ûʲôһ㡣
ӣʥ䡪컯ʥʡ
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컯ʥʼ򵥵˵ڳ˶һǱϵԼļص㡣
û뵽컯ʥҪԼ
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ȻȵƽǱϵʱȴıˡ
Ϊǽ֪ǵǱϵʱԼ˸齢
形ӣ˰ɣ
ʲôܾս𣿡
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ʥǰһƣĿ⣬ȴƵĿŵʥ幬·͸˹ǽ󷨣˹е컯ʥһ㡣


кܶʥ𶼿ûģҲĻǰӣɡ
û뵽ˣУֱѼСһ⣡
ˣ廹вҲˣǾڲԶԴ
齢ڴˣֻҪ׷齢λãͲѷ齢жʮ
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ʱٳԽ𼶼СĻʵ棬ܵӰ죡


2201 ̸
ʥһһĵӺͼʡ
̫ҫˣһͻ񣬿Լ̸컯ʥʣѾȫһˡ
ԹᣬߣǵжӪҲˣ˭ҲԸϲˣԸⳤ־Լ硣
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2202 ֮ս
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2203 컯֮
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2204 ѹ컯
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ںֵһ˲䣬Բʮգһĺڹˣڹͬγ֮Ļ֮ʥ塢߶оԼѪԺ
飡
컯ʥڼ˺飡
飬컯ʥԭʹãϾʮǿߵ棬ԼԸһСȻҪʤǾ̫ˡ
ڣú飬컯ʥʸоԼҪܣ


2205 
Щ꣬ʥսѾʮ죬ʮԺյϾԴϾ֮ʯ֪˲ࡣ
컯ʥڲҪúԸˡ
߷߷ߵ˵ԭ컯ʥʵΪͳܶ࣬Ǳһ򱶣ھȻҪúԸ̫޳ˡ
ԹųܿܣʤһУʲôûκ壡
˵ǺڰħƵĶź飬ֿڶ֮ǰһԤϹ龰Ҫսʤ컯ʥʣͱҪԸ顣
Ҿ֮Ѫ飡ƾѪƷʣôٽһ
컯ʥĿ¶ɱЩ꣬컯ʥһֱ顣
ҲҪģ֮УֻкδԽǿӵйҲΪʮ죬ʮǻ˼꣬ʢʱڣǰǰǸʱҲֻԽ񼶵ǿߡ
컯ʥҪ£Ծ˽ܵѪȻüĺô
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˴飬ԼͻƵڰ˵Ǿˮɣʵħ֮ĹʱԼĵڰ˵ͼҪͻˣֻľ֮񾳽緽棬˶ѡ
ʱһԪҪҳֵʱңȻ컯Ǹ㣬ǣ컯ȴ⡣
һɹ֮⣬һůȻʥʮ죬컯ͻۣʥǽľ֡
Ĳ࣬Ҳ񼶵һСѡ
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ʮգټռлҵĿռ籩ܸоԼȫѪ궯
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컯ʥǿһȭȭ֮Яȫ飬Ӿֹ˲ɣԽٶ
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Ļħ֮ɲǼ飬ֱӴѪ⣬֮У
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ⲻҪֻɲǼ䣬㿪ʼѪ֮
Ŀڹϣܽһɸʬ
һ˲䣬˶һ컯ʥһ˿ЦȻû׸ղһôûܹᴩ࣬ҲҪֻҪ壬ͻᱻɡ

Сħɾ߶񾾽ס˺Ķһ£Ҳ֮
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ǰǿĶħ벻ǿķںǰǿԳܲǣ
Ȼʱ컯ʥѾˣҪƴһ
ߣǿ֮ĩѣҲ
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º飬δܹᴩģħ֮Ĺеõаǣ
ĶħѾаԼ֮Уƾֵһ
һ˲䣬컯ʥʾˣ


2206 컯
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컯ʥʴ֮£Ҫٻغ飬Ȼһɲǣȴо鱻һˡ
ڳ컯ʥʵһ̣ƾ۹Ǻ֮飬ȻһֱӡֻҪʮ֮һգ۵ʱ䣬㹻ˡ
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뵽ԥԭ϶ģ컯ʥֶԿڰԨ֮е顣
ǵʵԵȣԼ컯ʥǿ֮ͻᷢ΢ı仯ˡ
ûнԼδ˽ϵϰߣŷӵĽѵѾˡԼչأٴѰĳֻԵдսʱ컯ʥʶԼˡѳأ
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2207 Ю
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ɣ˵һӣһһиˡ
Ʈ΢΢̤µ֮С
ѾĲµҪ˵ʲôˡ


2208 Ϊ²
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ƾοĶѪ˫ӲգΧںܱߡ
ָޱߵΡɽѹס
һֳֺ̣ڿն˲Ϣ֮⣬һƬİǺ
ϥһ̤סһ磬סκһĲ
̯֣ĹâָţΪϸķĴХѲ
ÿһһſǳ棬ǣһ·ɽǻԡ
֯ΪĹɳ͸ǻԶ¯
ǰ·߲ʹùѪ֮Ǻն
ҪɺеһѪ֮
̺컯ʥʶѪۣôļѪܹȡκرȲ˵Ĵ֮
䣡
Ǻնɢɽ󺣵Ӵʼ顣ǻԾǳ䣬档
ˣ̾е۾ӡӿһɹɵĻ档
ɫȥûһ˿ȶȵĻ棬ǻȶ۵£Ӷ޷ɢ֡
һ֣ȴһܹأľо
˫ִӡ߲ʵӿ֣һƬƬϼ⽻֯ӵе
׻֮Ѿܾûùˣ̤񾳽磬ϴ֮ǶԻϵԴǶԴƿأѾﵽ˼¡
֮ǻ֮飬֮ĥΧź飬ϵѹ
֪˶ãڿʼһξӨѪʯĶ
ⶫһ֣ӿȵѪͬħޣ
һ־ԣӭ籩ǳӤģҪܡ
ĿһϲʣⶫǺ棬Ѫ֮ĵľѪһ㾫ѾԵһܻûĵز
νǶ컯Ķ
Ӥܣһг˷ͬɽ٣ѾӤƵѪ
СӤץס֮ʱһħŭţҪȥ
Ȼգѹġ
СӤĳ֣Ѫ֮ȫСӤΪģ£
ʱţһһĹȥѪ֮˥ߣ󣬽ʣһѪȡ˳
һѪȫɡ
˲Ϣֻоһ̫ͬ⣬
Ȼǿ˿̣಻ҲǱ˺ѿһѪڡ
ѪǺεȵǿͨܣ϶ᱬ
оѪڣһƬѪ
ʹ죡
Ȼʹı飬ȴʹһ̳ƣ죡
Ȼϥ˫ĿաʣΪǿһ̣ڵϣһ󾳽硣
ʱǻһֱסľԪϵֱ컯ʥʷӡ
ھҪնЩԴ˿ƿ˺飬ֻ컯ʥʵԣⲢûжѡ
һȹ濪ʼը׵졣
ڵѪͬ󽭴ӣ䡣
һطʼȣɢеĲ֪֮ع
С
һǻԸһſŵǳ֣ɢ޾ǹ⡣
һǳҫۣڰĵط֡
ڴʱһɫ޾մ֡
ɽķҫһסͼֹͻơ
ֳһնϰɣ
һӣħ֮񷡣
Ƭ֮֮УֳָһЩɫƺס޾
컯ʥԪϵ˵
ԪϵȻҪǵĸǿΪȱ컯ʥʻѪõġ
Щĸ֣ڳʮ߶ס˺
ڲ֮ǰγԳЩΪ˶͸֧ѪƴȼվѪգȴȫʧܶգ
ܶʱ˲ˣЩǳ֮ʵӡ̫ˡ


2210 
ЩסˣʮǰѾˣһֱڣѹϵһɽ
ڵȡСħɵ˵ע֮£һȥÿһǳﵽ£иشı֡
ߵǵǰзһЩѪ·ɵĴܻҪݱ顣
ʥһе
ʼԼδ֣ǰʼ·ܲסǿֲһ㡣
䣡
һȭ޾Ѫ籡Ѫ᳤գ

һȣΧѪΪһɹѪ޼ɵײϡ
飬һڶѣɢؼ䡣
һ˲䣬ɢҫޱȵĹ⻪
һǳһҫ
ǻˮϲкϡ
ǻԣҪͻƵĵڰ˵
ǣǷֱǣ̰ǡš»桢ꡢƾ
ǶԪ
ǵߴȻǾþŷϵ˴˻ӳڻͨ
ߴģʵͻһ㣬ۺʵķԾ
˺̺֮Ѫ֮һɳ죡
һץסǳһţֱڣ
Щ̻̫꣬ˣټϺǵǵĴ󾳽磬ǰҲֱӳƣ
ǳʼȼգ
ˣ
ʱڵߴҲһӦõ·ĪĻϲ
ͬѾİŶݼסššš޾Ǳܣٴδŷ
һεļӵĳףԭڣЩδȫѪǱѩһ𣬻ڡ
ڹѪĲϳ̲£ˮƵӿƤⶼɢһɻصľơ
һЩΧˮһŤܿ·ڵأԳһ壬κͼĲȫų⡣
žžϸܵҫ磬ë˿ᣬɫһֱҷСȡ
ĴƬƵĶƤųһ
Ѫڣһжγһ籡¯ҫԣһ͸
ΧСħɣȵˣܵ
һ̣ȫѪΪɢǣǾǹ⣬ڶ۵ڵͬʱҲɢա
ԼͻƣЩǹͻװɢ
ڣôڳȻ˷ѵˣⶼǽӽԴ
СħɡȡŶʼվ֮
ǹˣȴǾŶֻġ
ֻҲѪ֮û˿ų⣬ֻǷ˫ޣŶķ˫ޣȻơ
ĳʱ
֮ȫ֮ͷ·Ǵӿٵصĺڰ֮߳ʵʮ걻۷塣
ʱһ貣º⣬Ĺߡӣʱ򣬶һڤڤ顣
˿̵Ѿﵽ˷˼ĵز
ȫƺҪйȥĿһǰԶԪϵ
컯ʥĲãˡ
ХһȻһȭӳ
䣡
ؾһ飡
Ķȫˣ컯ʥ̻֯ɵǿ֮£ȻȫǶˡ
꣡꣡
ԽԽ࣬ڲԶȵ˿һĻ޻˵ˡ
ǸŬδƿôݿı˺ѡ
ħĿ˵ѹһС
ţ
֮ȴɢ֮УܵʹĲлꡣ
ǰţɢռ䡣
һȴǺܿףЩл꣬Ǳ
棬ڣĲлӳ֡
컯ʥЩ겻֪ɱ˶ˣһУΪµҰģⳡĩƽУΪħ֮ĹĹ컯ʥʾһۣһͳʮ죬Ϊһﵽͼڼħľ硣
ϧ컯ʥڵʵǧʷУԵòˣħ֮ĹĹ컯ʥʸЩ۹ǺϹħͷҲǿˡ

ͻƵǵڰ˵֮ǰԶ棬ַ̫޽֮Уʥɫȹڻԭ֮ϡ
صԿסƽ֮һֱƿ̫޺۵УԿҪټͨ޷򣬿޽أȻѡ
ʥһ˽޽أоԼ·ǽһϵķĹ
ĴһƬߣͷϵ̫Ҳ޹⣬ͬĻƻ衣磬⣬ٹһЩҪˡ
ʥû뵽޽ػֵطĬĬǰУ洦ɼһЩµİ߲ʯʯ֮ϣĥ˵ıġ
̧ͷصƲͶѻͷѹֳأӰ
ʥҡҡͷǰУҪѰҵģ˵ĺ
˵ƺԼǰлꡣ
ҪۿһԼǰȥһЩ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôۻô˼;ԼԼ
ȻʱʥͻȻһĺ
ЩУЩϤȴ·ô벻
ЩƮ죬ʥȴԼȫͬ
˭
ʥס˽Ų


2211 ۳
ʥסŲʱʧˣ·ûгֹ
Ȼʥ֪ⲻǴ
˫ۣĬĬĸ֪Դãǵٴγ֣ô΢һΣʥĸ֪ķ
һЩڴЩµĸ飬ʥĬĬ˹ȥ
߹һƬĹأ˾޴ıԭ֮ϡ
ƬԭŨѩ
ֺڷַʥȻЩϤΪʥҲ޺ķ˴޽صķ֮ͨƺ߱ͬԴ
ʥ˼ʱԭ֮ϣһ޴ĺѹȣѹ֮£ιһɭɭĲ֮ӡ
Ȼˮδ̣Ȼǳǵĺ⣬ȴȷ˽ı֪Ҫ١
ʥΪںߵµˣĻ˿ú䣬һеĸо
źѹһ㿴ںѹȵľͷƯһƽ羵ľ޴档
ƣɫԨʥӳƬء
ƺ麮֮Уһ硣
ʥףޱ˵ĺˣ
Լǰл꣬ں֮С
ʥ˺ܳʱ䣬һߵ˺ĸǰ֮Узѩһжڱεʡ
𡭡
ʥںǰã˵ƺ
شģǳĬ
ʥĵĵţһֱ˼ʮϢʱ䣬ǰľ浴һ㵭
ţһģ΢΢ģ·˯֪꣬Ȼʥ𡪡
ӣˡ
ʥһ
Լ֮ǰӦĺܣһĪУϤƺָоԼǰ
ǡʥš
ǰĸ
ĸ
ʥǸסĸףʥԣǼΪңԶ飬ħ֮ĹУǰʱ򣬹ڸĸļҲٵÿʥͯĥѡɱ
㣬ֻһԭǾԼʱĸ׵ĽӴἫ١
ǽ죬ʥǰĸԼǰǹѪϵ¶˫Ŀ֮УỬ䡣
ĸף޽ء
ʥܸоĸѾˣԼǰֻһƲлꡣ
ʥȥĬĬһݡ
ԭʥΪԼĿʱ򣬴δȥѰҹԼĸĸһֱΪԼ޸ĸ
ʵ϶ʱʥԣʲôģֻǸƶѣοûйˣ޷ָоʥҲûѣԣʶֻͬţºҪĻۡ
£ʥǱĬĸıţرǵ˾ŶʱһᵽһˣԼҪĸоʲô
Ҳʱ壬ǵЩ壬Լĸסĸ׵ʱȴѾˣʣģֻǲлꡣ
ӣ
ٶȻʥĶߣʥǰһΣվ̤˺ڵ硣
֮Уĸоĸ׵ĴڣһֵģѪڵĸо˷
ͻȻЩˣĸסĲл꣬Ǻ飿
ǡƵ鱦棬Ҳϰˡ
ʼշǳ΢ʥоԼĸ׵Ļǲ۹ǺЩлܹ꣬棬վʱԽԽֱɢ
ʥеۡ
²⣬Ҳǰǰ·˲ĿԼĸ׻ɢúסĸ׵Ĳлɡ
ҲζţĸѾܰĹ¶ȻҲҲ
ʥУͻȻתͷڰ֮⣬һ֮ϣһɴŮĬĬվš
紵˿裬˵ĸоһʢѩɽ֮ϣһȾı
ȻԷɴȻʥ˲϶ˣǾԼǰԼ
Ǿˣ;ĵӰ
ʥһʱ֪ԣޱȸӡ
ʥʵԼĵʮֻΪһЩԭǰȫָˣţҲкܶɻ
ܣʥЩֻžŶȥȻ㣬ޱģּ򵥵
Լǰʥʵȥں˸ֻԼ
Ȼ
£Լϣġ
˾һ޴ĳ֣ܲܳܣû׼
ڡ
ʥţͻȻ䣬оԼĿһʹ˲ɫ԰
亹Ӷͷ䣬Īļµĸоʥзţ
ʱȻǷʥ쳣ʥĸеʵӣôˣǲˣ
ʥϢţһֻؿڣҡֻ֪ͻȻоܲЩĸо
ָоĺĪʥУһơ
ʱ򣬸Ų֪ٲʱգһƬ֮УһƬ󣬷Բ֪
ǿһƬʵڷ˼ƬǻƣƯݹǡ
ģܴӺ֮ʹޣľ
ĳһ̣ԭƽĺ棬ͻȻ˷ˣԽԽ󣬺ˮٲһߵĺǱ顣
֮Уһͷѩ׳ɫ԰ֽ̤꣬Ӻˮ֮һ߳
ߣһֱɵɸ߿գͷһǿеƬ赭дһ֡
Ƭޱ޼ʵǿ֮ȻСǧ﷽Բת˲Сٵɣ磬ǻһˮ
ˮ˰׷֮Уһᣬ۾
ֻ۾ˮȴǲǣɢһʬе
̺޾ݹǵľ޴գ۾һˮһһĻ˭ͷƤ
΢΢ңԶǿգǷһĨЦ⣬ĨЦ⣬˿Īĺ
û뵽ЩˣôȲҪҰ
ţȻһʰ׶ϣƺһ̨ףӰûգǽˮ棬ֻһ㵭Ŀռ


2212 Σ
棬иӶƣҲŤ̽Ѱա
ĳһƬ硣
Ƭ粻ֻзԲﻨ㣬ȪrrֵĲݵϣݵϣпɰҰãƤС¹ڱܡ
һ֦չŮһƥ˫ͶǵķּۣԭϣһĽЦ
磬
ŮԶʹţǾŶˣ˵ţŶס˷Ĳӣ÷ȥ
еĸ磬ֻģʱֻǹüΪרעһ˿
˻
Хһǰ߸𣬽˴ݣмɷֻĵǹϣϣֻȴ˿Ӱ졣
ŶһƯķֻĵߣֻĶûŤͷɵþС죬žһֻĵǹϣȻǹ˹עֻĵԪȴһ㣬˿
˵磬ϵ˵Ǻú÷ɸһˣô
С磬ѡһ磬ֻ˲˼󷨣ȫ۷ǿø֪ɨ⸽ǿգδػֶᷢߡ
ڣʥ֮⣬ǧꡢСħɣĸŮȫס磬Ϊü֪ܰԼڲõĽ۴սһҪúüˣǾս֮С
ȹ̵Ľ磬ԳϵȡΪȹ̣ûƽ󷨵Ļλȫһ죬޷顣
ʵѾĴˣԼĳʲô⣬ļˣν֮УҲôһᣬԻȥ
ƽڼúˣǰһºƽ֮ǰݵİʱ⣬ֻĴʱ䣬
ã㲻ʺ塣ֻǹ˸ǹŻԿΧ۵ͬߣڡ˫Ѿ㹻ߺԶˣǸףҲϵΪϵΪ
ģ˧ҾˣԺҲǹì̫սìһɳ֡
Ŷ˵ţһƣУ˲۳һìģ
һɳì³ȥϾŶĴȺˬӢˣȥмҫ۵ĸо
ֻͷãϰΪ˱ǿɲΪˣ˧

ŶѾֻˣоֻĺѹͨ׽һ㡣ϰƺǺԣʵԶǧ䣬ʱڣⳡзʲôˡ˵磬ֻģԻ۵ĻҲܰﵽס
ڸ̵أȥϵҲǵģ˵˺úģ⼸ûӰˣ֪ǲɶˡ
Ŷر࣬ħ֮ĹƻˣԲôֻģҲ˵ͣ
ֻҡҡͷֻøá
߹һɽ£һˮСߡ
ƬеĺˮȪһΣٰ꣬СħɵĲãһӣƬѾסˡ
˵Сס֮꣬뿪Ǳޣ򣬳ߵľ硣
ڵΪԣʱ䣬ûдԵ£ĻʵҲ̫ʵˡ
һңʼսδǺ£ƽ͵ĻһԼȫĵķɣͶ֮УҲ°빦
ŻЩʱˣҪǣ֪ڲĻԺ󻹻᲻лˡ
һսǺܲ
СߣŶͺһ䣬磡̣緹ʲôѽ
޵ϣѾܱٹȣԪǳԵҩͿά
һˣȻܱٹˣһһ𣬻ϲԣڵġȻ˳ԵÿһʳǶʳ񵤣Ҳ˶ٵġ
ŶǷǳϲĿζأͻȻŲ
ɻĿŲԶСоһɹϢ
ǵ
ԭСУȾˣһЩݣ˶ή
ںߣһһʯϣԾŶֻģֳһͣɵģˮеߣһȦȦ
Ŷһ˲ס˺ղԶԶģûˣ߽ƺһָ֣оһֱֻûзְˡ
ȻⲻǶıӰ
ŶһƬλãûиκˣԼĸʥͨϵλ֮⣬ƽʱҲֻĽܷѩĽ̵ãپûˡ
ʱȰĳһȫˣҸҲƺ֪ӣþŶܲš
ˣ嵱еκһ࣡
ھŶߣֻѾս˱ϳǹǹˣٴС
ھŶȻסֽ䣬ѹûĸоԼģܹϢǱ븸׽ˣжǿ
ţԲԼֻܶԸ˵ľ棬ĵһö׼ֻ֪ͨпӦˡ
ŶоԼĶǺ鴫ʱǸӰһþŶһԷ϶ԼСȴᣬʯ֤¸ס


2213 
Ŷ
ھŶȫǺ֪ǺõʱͻȻһϵ
ŶһǸ׵
ȻϢǱǵĽ֮УǸ׺ǲˣҲпܣø׷ֵġ
ʲôŶεѾʮ⣬Ϊʱĸףüͷأͷϣһ˿ˮۡ
þŶһͣнܵĸףȻͷкˮ
ףֻսǹס
Ҳ
Ŀӹɣֳ£ֻ𵽵üԡ
ʱڲԶ˽ߣǵһŮӣɫĳȹϹһֻɵСҰһǿ꣬Ʈݣòϵĸмƣȴȫ
ĺӣҲǾŶеĶ硪
ԭ˻̸ЦǿߵΣǵĽŲʱ
Ŀںߵİ꣬һ˿ݣոոںߣȥһЩһǻ龰
ֻĵĶ֪ǵ֡

ͳڸղţͬʱͽԼߵǧꡢСħɣŮ˺ڲռ䡣
ڣ㽫ˣҲռ䣬ʵʱ֣˶ڷ
ͷѾߺȫ֪۵һһ
˱ɱ޷
ףǡ
ŶѾµ˶ԷݣУ˽ŵģҲֻǸˡ
ŶĻû˵ֻ꣬оһתһİռ֮С
۶ʧˣֻġŶһ
ռ䡭
ֻķ˫ޣֻĵڲռޣϵ
׽תƵռУȴ棬ǸС
ֻսȭͷʱſռУǧꡢСħɡˡ
ĸףֻЩĺ
ʲô£
Сħɡǧ껹ԭͻȻɫ䣬תֽǶռ䣬ûһֻġҲˡ
СħȻʶΣսˣ
ۡǻ۳ˡ
Ŷɫ˵Ļһ
ۡôᡭǻкܾòŻ𣿡
Сħɼǵ˵Ҫչؼģžǧ겻ڳʱһžۡ
ǻѾصĻǲҸദģͻȻ֣һ˶ᱻȥ
֪
ŶãȻҡҡͷʼΪĸʥ
ĸ׽޽أһֱûлڻ۶ˣĸƽ

ߣʯϴһѩ·ɽʿ
ӾŶֻķֻۣ֣۶ûж
֣ǹͬһĳС
۱ķͣվһ˲䣬ΪģȻĺѸٵʧȥ
̲ݿήлԭ̵ĺˮҲûǣһʬ帡ˮ棬
Ϊʲôûж˳ô
תǲ̬ģֻǶԱ˫Ŀеһ㡣
ΪΪԼѾʤȯˡŻ۵۾
΢Цļвʲô飬ҲΪˣԣûҪŭ㣬ֻѡ
赭д˵ҪĻָоҪƷһ⡣
㲢ħ֮ĹĹΪбɱҵʵɱۣС֮еڱջء
¶ˣҵ壬ںڰԨ֮У޷ջء۲ϡ
壬ıչҲδ꣬δ㣡ֵԴޱϬƶ;صģΪģǶɱԼ
۲Ϊ⣬ЦЦ˵ʵһֱˣҵĿģ޳֮꣬ӵ֮꣬ҲҪʱչأΪԼΪħ֮Ĺ򣬳ƿص۹Ǻֻ֮꣬Ӱˡ
꣬Ϊ
һоҲѪ⡢Ԫꡣ
Ӧ棬ҲоǾ
꣬
ҪԼȻܲˡ
ȻûԼյɱ䣬Ҳ˴ˣʣµֻһ׶Σ׶εҲͣһ£;ʱһЩòǰ顭磬ɱ㣡
ЦһҲôţǵ֮㲻ҵĶˣ
Ц˿ûзϵ˼ûʲôɳϵģҲǧ֣㾡²ȴ㣬ǧʱ䣬ҼľŲ֪٣ûžɳȵزвҡ
û뵽ǣʥһЩòв֮ұչڼ䣬㾹Ȼԭ;ƿݣɵ£̥ǣ۷塣
ȷҺܶľȣһΣҲپˣɱ㡣
˵䣬ǵ۾йһˮ
һ۾֮󣬾ͷſӿĺˮѸٵĳС硣
ԭеһУˮû
ЩˮҺ֮һʴһɶ
Ȼ壬ҲսʤģһԣЩ굽жٳɣ
˵䣬ˮѾСźһ죬µ磬ȫˣ
λ㾡ȫҲ޷˺ѵĽ磬ڻǰȴ˴


2214 ۵ʵ
ء
ħʹޣڻɵĴ֮УĿͿݹǡ
УֻоԼ·ˣѹ࣬ƴĸоȻƬǻ۵
ǿຣһຣ޻·죬ɡ
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2215 ɶ˻
һһεĴգ۵ȴ׷һ㣬ʵ㹻ʱ䣬ʵҲĨɱڣ۸ʱ䡣
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2216 ں
һʼ۵Ľ֣ܲ͵õϢ֪ս߲Ǹ𲻵ʲôãҲԹۣƾΪΣ֮вܲˡ
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סؿڣһǰǰԶѾһѪˡ飬޸ɰ׹ǵ˫ۡ


2217 һս
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ī·˵ˣʥڳīǳīȴûаæǵĴǣԳΪִ֣Ƭֵʱʸ˽··˵顣
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컯ʥսǲԤ컯ʥʺʥֵĥʯ޷棬޷ܸħ֮ĹĹһε컯ʥʵĻôҲȻûںƽ֮ǰɳԶԿħ֮ĹĹľ磡

۾ϵóīīȻƳǱ۵Ĵ£ǾС׼ˡ
ڳīʼػ·ʱ򣬻ۻڻָԪǰ˵̫أֱ֮󣬻۲Ŷڵ⸱ϵںָԼʵ
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ǿǱ˵ǲϵóīˣʥҲȫ²
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㣬Ȼ˲䱻ɱ㲻һ壬ԴϾָ󲿷˺ڰԨȻ㣬ش㣬ļƻȴǲܣ
īһۣȡ˸Եһ̣īȴһڴ󶦡
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ߣ۸Ϊ⣬αչأʵٽһΪԽĴڣķǳīܹģûв
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ڻǰֻ۾΢΢һ۾̺ϢʮϤǡħ֮ĹϢ


2218 ۵
۵ǽħ֮Ĺ磬ϵԼգΪһ壬粻岻࣡
ڣüĿһö۾۾̺֮޾ǿգħ֮Ĺڵ硣
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ô죿
īͳ֪ǺˣԵģֻǻ۵һѡ
Ļۣħ֮ĹĲٿأȻӵӦ֣ǿ󵽺ֵز
󣡡
īɫص˵֪üĵ۾ǲ˵Ƕȥһ룡
Ǽֹڴôǻҳˡ
˵䣬ʼü֮ö۾ʼ޷Ŵһɫصĳ֣ΧԪȫɽȥͬʱīʥĸˣܵһӴ
µܣǵּħ֮Ĺռĸо
˵ɫˣħ֮Ĺռ䣬ⳡս͸ôˡ
ˣɣûĵ


2219 
ԽԽֲ۵壬ƺһ޴ĺڶΧռ䣬Ѿʼ̮γһԽ磬˶
֮УīʥоԼѹ˴룬ʵ
ˣ֣Χգռʷĸı䣬ռøܣ᲻ɴݣ
۰ħ֮ĹͶӰˣ
Ȼʶһ㣬Ҳۻûнħ֮ĹȴԽͶӰγɾ
ͶӰ磬ûħ֮Ĺǿ󣬵ֻԸǵĻȴ´࣡
ˣǶɣ
۳ˣ֮УǱɭɭĹȣεĿռ֮ΧʹȣһɭɭĿռ֮ì
ħ֮Ĺռ䣬ޱȹ̣Կռɵĳìƥ޼᲻ݣ
ƴˣ
īһͬʱȼվѪѾ־ƴһУҲҪش
ʱڳīʥˣ
꣬ʥȥ޽أعʱͿʼۼս֪ЩʥϷʲô

һ󺮷紵ڻ۷Ŀռ֮Уƾճһ֮ӣ
һӣռ֮Уˮ̲죬ޱ޼ʣ
һĻһͶӰħ֮Ĺκηᱻħ֮Ĺ֮ѹơ
ȻʥȻóʽʮֳԾʥʲôʱôǿˣ

ӵĺˮֿһ޴ıӺˮиֶڱ˷Բǧգ⾹Ȼ޽еĺ
סˣʥȻˣ
麮޽еر˵޽صĸ
ǰһ֣
ʥ˵䣬˵ǰ
īӦ죬Ҳ˲ȥʺô£˵ϣеע֮С
Ҳֱɶ˫ְ˺ϣڵħ֮ޱĹעС
䣡
ɵĳì뺮ҵײһ죬籡ħ֮ĹͶӰҪȥ
īʥ˶еȫ𣬴Ӻдݶĳǵ֫ٺѪӿܴ
ۣ
ͬʱѪһ֮˶мܣ
ţǻֶΡ鱦ȤȤ
Ȼϵúĳ֣Ƿһ˿ζĻȣƾ鱦֮Ȼҵһܵأ
˵䣬ǵ۾Ųɱƽ˫ۣһ̣ΧĿռΪһ塣
һ
һ̫Ϥˣչһǧʱһֱħ֮Ĺ֮
ڣڻɵ֮У֮ȴµ
տռ֮У۾ס
˫һգ֮γתķ籩Щ籩ͬи˵Ļ
µѹȫǸоռ֮ʵԵ˷ѹ
ǰĹףǵ˷Ĺȴδ
ң
ۿ֮γɵķ籩Ҫɵʱʥٶȼ˺
ԥҧ⣬һھѪ˺ϡ
ˣˣˣ
ҵӱ֮УһӴۡ
īһۣԥĽԼҲע֮С
һɫĺӺֱ
ֻۣˮͰϸȴ˺֮ɵķ籩ͬһʸ˻ۡ
һ˲䣬۵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ţ
˲ʶǷӡںеʥģʥֻԼľѪΪԭӡˣ
屩˳ȥͬʱüĵ۾֮Уɫ֣ħ֮Ĺ籩ǿȫɵˡ
۹ʼʩħ֮ĹֵĹ
꣡
ûħ֮Ĺȴûбըǻգһֱ䵽ͷ
ɫ΢΢԰ǲģ
üûħ֮Ĺ磬ţ뺣ټˡ
ӻ۵ķӦУҲղŹ𵽵Ч
ʥһȻ·˵鱦Ǹղģӡеȴĸ״ȥġǵ겻ƳĻ֮ڱӻĸףΪʥá
ΪԶħ֮Ĺֵֶʵ̫죬һ֮󣬻ƺûʲôס
µκô˶ܣ
ʥӿһУղŵһȻ˺֮籩û˵ۣô۵һιǽѵֵˣϾзӡһξͼһΡ
δء
ʱˣƵĿԶĻۣһҲôɡ
ţ
Ļһ


2220 һ
ǿУüͷʥīסǲ֪۵Ρ
Ҳƺˣˣûеһʱ֡
۲Ҳûīʥĸ˶˲̶ͬȵˣҾѪҲ˲١
ۼչһĹǸ֧Ų˶ãںò׻۵ĹˣȻҪץʱˡ
īͳ̷ֱһöҩַöʥ⼸öҩԲ֮ǰµһöˣȥ֮󣬻Ҫղܷá
΢΢˵ǡһΰɣ
ţīһ㶡
ֹۣĻü˶һ͡
˵ʵѾˣǸҪʱѹƣʥҲ뵽ֿܡ
ԭȨڻУҲǶˣĺܴ󣬿£ҲǣζţҲҪʱϢ
᲻壬ֻǺһ˵̫Чң۱濴ȥûʲô
īЩԥУ۵ǿѾٹˣʥһشȷʵ
ҲҲбԭ򣬶һΣ壬ҲֻˣΪָٶǳֵĻǱɣ
ĸˣǻһ˵Ķ֣ȥȻˣƴһ·ôˡ
˵䣬ȫʼڣһȼվѪѾļˣոճµҩҩЧҲҪһιĵ
һսӮҲܹȼվѪĺ
ȻһʥīҲƴˣǸԽǱܱ£ֻΪһ
ڲԶɫ˿ڸʲô
ȴûԥ֣
һȣУ߷ںϣġʥ䡷򲢲ֻתʥȴ԰룡
ͬʱīͳҲںӰ壬ʩչǿһ
ʥΪһ壬īһ˳֣ڵľ˻ۣ
ƲɵĹһҧǵ֮Уһ˿â
ü֮䣬ħ֮Ĺٶȱһֻһеľһ㣬еĹɵˣ
ಣ
ĺգһӻһ£ǿվȣԭ԰׵ϣķһ˿졣
ʱۿ˵񣬰ɱ
ȻȻĿ¶ɱȴûгַ˶Ǿһ񣬺ʣ۶Ȼˣĳ˷òͣѹơ
Ȼ׻ôˣʧʧ˶ƴˣ֮ǰѾȼվѪҲûоѪȼգǿ֮ĩҲޣʥٶȼ˺ں֮Увʹãۣ㹻ˣ
һ˲䣬۵ı飬һӱ
ʥ˲֪ʱ⣬۵ûд󰭣ȴħ֮Ĺ硣
׼ȷ˵ħ֮Ĺеĵ۹Ǻ䣡
ʲô䣬۸̽飬ܲµ䶨ȻЩ򼸰̫аħйأܵģǸħйأ
ڣ̫аħеǿߣǱѹڵ۹ǺԭҲƲˣǽ죬ûɾ;أָ˴սϧδȫħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮ĹĲȣ͸֧в֣Ϊ۹Ǻṩ
ڵ۹ǺеĲһֱǱţ׼Լħ֮Ĺƿ͵ᣬҪĽڹϣԼһ
ǡ
۵ıԽԽΧħ֮ĹҲԽԽȶǵ۾֮У·ȼ˺ɫĻ档
𣡡
ͻȻڻڣͬһľ޺
۵壬ʼ˺ˣǲ԰׵ıƤ¶һƣкɫĻðȼգ
˻δ֮ǰ۾ȳˣ
ֵһ˲䣬͵³һѪ
Сģ
ͫʶһƺǲ˱ɣҪƴһ
ȫȼźɫĻ棬ĿȷǾǡ
ҪɱĻᣬһӵǺ룡
֮Уħ֮Ĺ֮ȫۻ۶ͬһźɫβȼǣһǰĳ
ƣɻҪԼͬھ

ƴˣ
ī۾ˣǶʶǻܷһǾӮˡ
ˣ
ǰʥȫȼűĻףɾ۵е̣һɲȫ
īһһҵʥߣ˫ֺһȼѪǵۿɼٶȿʼ˥ϣ龰һʹ
սһѾû·κ˶ûУֻƴһУ
ѹеĺͱʹעʥīһ֡
ûκλڵĲײ
ŵ˷
ı棬ˣ
ʥ׵壬ΪʹߣԼȫ궼ע˺֮У۵ƴһܵ࣡
ۣ
һѪʥҰѾʼģĳĻ꺣ѿҪʧȥʶ
ƴĵֿľʹǳ͸֧һȴĳܲסˡ
ī𿪣ҲͷɢȫѪ
һ˲ʹĴۣΪ͸֧˿ħ֮Ĺ۹Ǻˣ
û


2221 
ӿŭޣ
ʥ޲
ڴһʧ֮Ѿɱˣǿ˲ţǿڰ˵ȫѨڻͨټͼڼħħ˫ޣ߷塢ꡢ綼ǿ󵽲˼ĳ̶ȡ
ʥīĸУ׵ĵѪ࣬սʱһսȴ
׼ȷ˵ԭѾ͸֧ˣǿڶʱڣָֻһ˿Ԫ
۳īѾòϣ˥˾硣ʥѾ꺣ѿʶģʧȥ˷֮
ս˫ȭɫ˺˵ԵɲѾˣ۹ǺıڼҵԼ
ʱ򣬴Զ֮Уһõĺ⣬ĹŸɫ
ʲô
оЩһȥȴڵȵĴ£ɴ֣֮
֪ϣ
ŭգǻȫʢʱ𼶵ĹԻ۶ԸǸѥɦֻҪһͷһҷ
ڣڻˣٵ۹Ǻ£ɴĹȴв
Ӧһħ֮ĹУδزΪѹյһݣõ۹Ǻױ١
ǣҼס
ĿѣеĹȣעУȻ
ˣ
һǣ̺ħ֮Ĺ̴֮𷢳Ŀֱ

һȣת˹Ŀ꣬һʱ䣬ɫ֮ⶼ˻Ĺȡ
϶ҧ󣬺οĹȱѾûж֮Уͬӵ㣬ٶѸٵĻ
ʱ򣬻ͻȻתʥ
ˣ
д󾪣
ʱ򣬼˵עϣǶεĿԻ۵вҲ
˶ڱʱ˭û뵽۾Ȼתʥ֣
ʥʱ̣Ϊ˰»۵ƴһѾԵ״ֵ̬ۡ
ˡ
ɫתʥ˺ɫռ֮С
ſ
˫Ŀͨ죬Ҳʣ࣬Աʮǿοȥۣ
ȥ
һеĳˣƴȫеİǹЯոջָ
ȻĹǿȣȲϵȴĴ

һǹ˻۵Ļ֮ϣֻǽܴ͸˰ߣĴҲ䲻ȥˡ
ۻͷһۣдһ˿һ˿ʹޣһ˿
һסģ˼Ȼһеľ㣬Ҿȥˣ
˵䣬˺˿ռ䣬̧ռͨ
ǣġ
Ļħһ㣬ص֮С
һĳȥͬҲʱ֣Ȼǵٶ̫ˣֻĿŻ˺Ŀռ֮ŷ

ʵʱ̣һǣڻ۵ϡ
ֻЦһԼϡ

һȭ֮Уֱ۲ĿѣȫѪҺˣ
û뵽ʱ̣ʥ۽ٳˣ
ûʥԼڻ۲ϧ۵һУѾ䡣
ʥ־ԼҲ꺣˺ѣԣ޵ֿ֮ı׽ߣ
ԹңҸôŶ
ս˫ȭ֮У˫ΪָѾǶѪС
ʥĹȥҲ֪ҵΪЩһֱʥϧĸоȷ˸ʥĹϵ֮¶ҪػʥȻû뵽죬ʥԼ
͸֧ΪԼһץߣڵϦ
ޣ
°ʥĿĻңҪٳʥȥ
µ˻۵ĿģһʱɱԼš
ץסʥڶסԼѨ
ڱҪץʱˣȥʥ

ȸоܲȶԥԥĿڣЩһսͷβûзʲôá
ΡīʥΪػ˺ܴĴۣǵأֻǴһȺβʱ򣬷һЩĹ
ûܱסʥ֮㡣
ȥôȲ֪ʥ֣ǿʥԺҪ
Ȼء
սȭͷҲףһ˵壡
ƫƫ֪壬Ҫȥ
ֹȻȥ־ԼûʸȰ˵ʲô
㡭ġ
һϵڵǳ
ת鸴ӡ
˻ǧǰ·īʱ˶Ǻ׷ͯգ档
ǽ죬뷢԰ף˫֮Ҳһǣһɵ
Īľʹ
īӣҲΪԼ
֮ǰ˵κΪԼȥû뵽ΣʥΪԼ£īҲΪԼľ
ħһ᲼úȦ׵㣬ǵ˶ڣɱһ㣬µĵطɡ
īҲˣĻγס
ȥʥһݣ
ǰ֪ҡ
˵֪ô˵ȥˣһ䡰ұȥȴû˵ڡ
ǿѾʧȥϣԼϵĳīоԼûа취ǵ˫ǵ۾


2222 
ս˫ȭ
ԼѾȫԼˡ
ΣǳīǲǲһУӻб
ˣɳ·ϣǰʦǰ̣ԼעеϣϣԼܼ̳ǵ־
ƴȥʥűɱĻԵ˭
˼īڵǲǽΪ˾㣬ҲԾȣû㣬ûֹħˣȵƽٽ٣ǽʮ顭
ʵûʸҪʲôһѡ񶼸ԼȻ룬ӦҲϣȥģؼǣˣܻ𣿡
̾һⷬһȷȥʥҲ˵Լ۵ʵ࣬ǱһЩЮʥԼͻͶôӮ
ܻ۵ĸʿ˵ãɱۣôʥ
ԼȥˣѵۻῴԼΪʥȥϣʥ
۶ʥĺޣֻ㹻ʥһǧΣ
ǣԼȥȡ
һ뵽ʥڻе³͸огʹ޷
ãˡ
һ壬ʮϣУһԼѣһоԼŮˡ
һ壬ǰУһǱԸŮ鳤
ԣǼΪʹľ
ȡ飬ʧǵĽΡСħɡǧ˶˳
ʱѾޱռУСħþֶΣҲԽԽ֮
Σ
εӣʱεĸ
ȫȾѪɫ԰ףڲϵš
λǰǻвѪĵҩ𣿡
ЩΪѵĿڣܸоīϵҩҲࡣ
УƷġ
īֽóһƿһƿ̹һɫ鵤
ǰǲԣоīԽԽЩļ˵
ҡͷ˵¯ȡģʺʮõĵҩǵһ壬Ѫ֮ǲͬȥҲûõġ
ˡһǵóī˵·һֱûֻ֪ȥʼīʱ򣬳īĻشȴǣӵ㹻ԳΪֵʱ򣬲Ż֪·˵䡣
ôڣΪԼӦѾˡ
ڲϸʵʱϽҩ͸ηȥ
ֵҩҲֻǼӿεѪָٶȣҪȫղһսεӰ죬ȴѺѡ
νҩ̷֮ϵɫǳһ˿̺졣
һ򳺺īλǰ
īһۣµҪ˵ʲô
ʱȥˡ
ǰ
һƽһĴ󲿷ʱй·˵Ĵ˵ʮʷǿߣ˲Ĵڣ
ǿأȻһǣڸղŵ£Ϊûг֣
ѵ˵̫أ궼ָܻô
Щˣ̳ͨԵҩָ
ȻЩˣȴôָ˵ģ屻еһ룬Ǳе廹ˣꡢ类ָ
塢ꡢ綼ҪĲ֣ϰ䣬֣Ϊľ֡
塢걻ٵһ룬Ȼ͵Ϊһ룬츳Ǳˣɾ䣬ӴΪͣͲǰǾͺѻָˡ
·ԽĴڣûʲô鱦ˡ
ٱ磬ǵʱ걾ԴһβʣȡߡˣأͬڽѪȼʮɣ꾫ȼʮɣݽ߶
ҲɣǣǴϢһ£ˣͳɡ
īԼļ˵
ʱѾָ࣬Сħɵ˸մӺгǶһ£û뵽īȻҲˡ
īͳϢһʱ䣬īóһöīһ֣ʼͨ·Ŀռͨ
棬·ԶռͨĿҪһЩʱ䣬ʱ䣬Сħɡǧꡢĺӣɵߣס֡
ָ硭

ס
ϵ
˵ĺͬʱģɲǼ䱻ˡ
ʱ򣬼˵Ĺػȴɢ塣
ԼļˣʱȻѾ֪ʥ飬Ҳ֪ľ
Ŷ
Ŷӣ֪˵ʲô
Ŷס˵ץסûµġ
Ŷҧ촽һһٵ˵ƺڸҲڸԼ

СħɡǧꡢҲͬʱץס֣Ȼܸܵеʹࡣ
ûа취Ϊֵʲôֻס֣ĬĬĴԼİο
Сħɴ˵ʲôԼȥɣÿǡ
һů֪ԼľпζδΣ֮УԼʲô⣬Լ˵ѹ֪
Сħɲģȫ˼˵ĸܡٵĴʵ̫ˡ
һƽģǱ֤
ҧ˵˸ոյĳ嶯Ѿ侲óȻȥһۣȲʥԼҲװû塣
ȥʥΪ˽һģҪĽʥȳ
ʱ·ĿռͨѾˡ
߰ɡ
īͳڵһǰһ󣬷·Σļ˽
ڿռͨз˲֪ãǰһתǱѾһƽԭϡ
·Ĵġ
ǰĳпǧһλص·磬Ĵ󲿷


2223 
ǰ·
ԭ·˵²⣬·ǷںڰԨħ֮Ĺ
ڲ֪·ˣһֱУδ뿪
īͷ˾һֱڵȴѾ˰ˣˣ֪ԭίˣеɻҲܵõˡ
īͳ˵ţʼ޺ûͨ󣬶ֱ˺գᴩġ
·״֣һʮĳ״һ·Ե·ˣ··ǵķֽ磬޵߶Խͨ
ǶԳīԣᴩȴ׾ˡ
˲Ͽռͨ£ֻСʱ䣬޺
޺ڵأÿ·ĸܣ޺ۼ
Ƭɲ⣬ûǳ
ţ޺ռԹ޴ڣ·ߣû˸޺
Ƭжһֱ˵֪
죬ȴʶԼҪȥ޺ĺˡ
ǰīͳת޺дһͨͨһ··ȥ
ǵٶȼ죬֪Ǳ˶Ƭƺ޾һ㡣
ǰ޺ĺף
ʵҡҡͷ˵ô˵ҲȷУϾ֪ˣǾҪˡ
īٶȷŻˣʱ͸ڰѹ޴ĺغˮڿ޺ĺס
ɫĺףûһ˿һǧĸߴɽ
ΰĺɽһĲˣɽ쳣
Ƴţʵӵ
ⲻһɽһڸ˵Ĵߣ
ޡĿ˸
ǣСƬػߣ·ߴͻḺǽȥɡī˵䣬ָںһ㣬ǰԭŵĺˮŤĿռչγһУ˽ȥ
漴ˮʧˡ
ԭ޺ѹʮֲֿоȻһᣬһĿռ䡣
Ƭռ䲻ֻзԲʮɣһУһ
Ŀռ䡭ǡ
ۿһУһɫʯ̵ġ
ʯΣʯĵ棬ʯĴ
־ʯӨ͸ͬˮȴδֻĴиܵ˺纣·Щʯۼ塣
Ͼ
ԺĪʣɫʯϾʡ
ϾԴϾ
ѵ
ţʱһƮصƬϾռС
ڵطǵԱԴϾΪƳĶҽΪϾ칬ȻΪĵĵرʵ̫ˣգҲòĳߴһСƳֻмʮɴСˡ
ͻһɹϵϣĪĸооԼ궼Ϊ֪֮޷Ĺ
Լ޷𶯡
һһݣ֪ˣǽԼҪˡ
ݼǰ
񼤶˵е죬ڳԼǰ
һ˰䣬ڰǰѾʮһˣ
ʮϢʱ䣬̧ͷǰǿյģϾĶ֮Уûп·˵ӰһûС
ˣҵ壬Ѿ󲿷·ˣڵϾ칬·ĻʯڣҲ
ǹϵصϣ·Ϊһ壿
һ·ˣȻ·ںˣ
ǰ·ںˣû취뿪·ˣ
ԭ򣬾ͿԽΪʲô·ûжԻ۳ˣ·ΪʲôҪ
֪кܶʣҲ֪ΪЩʣҲΪҰһŮӡ
·˵Ļһ
һݣ˵ǰޱ۽ߣǰΪָһ·
ԼôѾȳʥǰģһ·Ҳֻ·ˣпܸһʾˡ
Ȼѯʣȴϵȥ
ҧĬĬĵȴš
ã·˳̾һ˵ҲĲͬ۽ٳӣΪв㣬Ͷԭ򡭡
ԭ򣿡΢΢һѵ۽ٳʥֻΪ˱
Ӧףɱʥ˼ŭԼĴҵûκΰ
Ի۵ԸӦòΪ˳һû顣
ǰʾЩ
·˵ڸ֪˱ԴϾ𶯣šѾվ֮ˡ
ԴϾĸӦһЩ²⣬ҲӣԭͱһĿģҵĲ²ȷĻעȲˡ
·˵Ļһ˫֣Ĳ
۵Ŀġ
֮ڡ
ԴϾ
°ʥʱһӦԴвԼ죬ʶԼһʼʹˣ
ۣʥһĿģĿģʥԼ֪
۳أΪ˻ɱԼΪʥ
ԼһʼˣҲȲʥ
Ȳˡ
ȡˣ
ʧǣԭϣ·ˣȻõĴ𸴣ȴ

ʱ򣬸Ųռ䣬ڰԨ
һƬãĴأޱ޼ʣͷ
ƬϣɢĶϹǣŻɺš
ЩϹǣǰǿħʮģȻʴ˸ŷ֮⡣
ڰɱƬصĸǺڰԨ֮ڣ
վ֮ϣƬȵĬš
ղӲˣ۹Ǻ䣬ش
ԭĻֻ۾ǣͫȴϸֻ꣬Բ԰װˡ
ڣΪ۹Ǻ䣬ϲ˵ƣϵƤһ𣬿ȥѾнľˡ
ڻ۵վһŮӣŮӱǱ۽ٳֵʥ
ʥɫ԰ףѪԪȫӡѾûз֮ˡ
۱ʥƬǰϹսпǰ겻ˡ
תͷʥϵǷһ˿΢Ц
֪ҵΪʲôҪô
ۼ֪һֱз֮ģ֪ǰҰǰ˵Ů
ǼˣҶֻ㾫֮¸õľӡǣûūӡҿɣȴûп˼룬ңҲһУ㱾ͨ꣬ҪסһԷ֮ȹҲ㡭
һУΪʲôô


2224 
۵ĻʥüУһֱһɲԤУԤУոս޽صʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ԭ£ʥΪԼвԤУ
ڿԤлԼû£Լȴץס
Ѿվ֮ˣʥнĲµ۵Ŀˡ
Լǰģһ֮֡
һ˰֮ڷѾˣ˺ڰԨҲҵָˣ
ڰԨ̫СˣԴƶ񤣬ħһںڰԨ֮УǱסĺ㴫ǧٻԻͣ㾭ǧɸѡʤ̭Ѫ㣬ȴҲѲصļ
ûǿĶħȥŪḻļƷħ֮Ĺ磬أ
֮ڣͷһѵҪϧ֮ǱԴϾɵģǱԴϾ£лƿµĴڰǰǰѪԼбԴԴ궼ע֮ϣһ
ҳԹ̫ķȴ޷֮ڣô˶Σ鲻УұŽƽ⣡ֻҪ֮ڽ⣬»ɱԴϾôõͷϵѵһһǽԴϲ
Ȼ⿪ҲףǱо˲֪꣬ղǿǿҵһ廹ϵˣ꣬ѪԼӡڣҪ½⿪ķӡҲҪѪ
ǰѾȥҺãľôҷ˵ʮתҵ㣬Ҳҽ⿪֮ڵϣ
㣬ͲΪ˶һ֣Ҳȱ֣Ҫҵұ۶Ҿģڤͯ
ڤͯгΪұ۵ʸͬΪܲ
ǣҪ㾡ȫǿҪΪţΪҪ񾳽㣬ʵҪԶͬôıԴѪǿ㹻ȥΪ֮ڵԿף
˵ʥڣѾȫˡ
Ϊ˳ַӳԼ츳Ի۾ͲܿԼĶ˸ֻ޶ھԼǱΪֻһ˲ݵľżĻܴﵽߵ磿
ԣۿԼз֮ģҲûѹƣԼҰģԼԻ۵ĳޣһˣԼһУ
ֵΪкڰʹѪͳǺڰʹһŹ£ʵѪֲģ˺ڰʹһ壬ȡѪֲ㣬֪Ϊ˶ô
㲻ֻ֪֪˺ڰʹһ壬ΪˣҲ֪ġΪħ֮Ĺǰȥкڰ䣬ͼڼħĴУֱӽʵϡ
㵱ʱԹԽ˴УҲǲģҪǿϵıǿȻǳħ֮ĹһеĽȴʼδ㲻ûнͼڼħĴУĽµľӡǺӡǳˡ
Ȼ̸ȫֻĻ㻹ͻ񣬻ﵽҵҪ󡣡
ұˣΪ˶裬شʧòлɳˣҲûѡҪ£ɱƿ㣡
ûɱҺźƿ㡣ôãڣõʱˡڣǰѾƿ˴۹ǺҪʯˣҿǱҪȥҵںϣλһ壬Ĳл꣬ĸħ֮ĹΪһ壬ɾ֮
ʱ䲻ˣɣҵĺӣôãǾΪʱ̰
˵ĿһͷɢϸɱƤһѪ
ΣʥҧȻһ򶼱۽ˣ
ԼѪ˻ۣþŶ˶ܽѣ
׷ĻˣҺòײץ㣬ԾɱĻ᣿ĵҵļƷɣ
˵ţȫɢХɫ֮ϣһڽڵĶϹǱ𣬷·ѵз衣
һʥͬһݵ֣ץʥĲӡ
֮һ̣ʥӿһɾ۵ķӡ̫ǿˣķˡ
ԼˣѵĽ֣
һͱɼƷ֪Լ֪ԼδӵеһУûи飬ûѣûҡ
ֱӵ˾Ŷ֪Լǰȷ˺֮ĸ飬ӵĿ꣬ӵԼҪػĶ塣
ڸոնЩ֮Եģȴ
ֻǲ£֮ǰ뻹õĶԻ䡣
ħ֮Ĺеһǧ꣬ȻһֱǿоŶ飬еޱȵ㡣
Ȼȴ֪ԼҪػж
Լһ
űڱȥԼŵʱ򣬿ԼܣԼ󣬿Ѵ䡣
ʲôʹģ
ʥоԼˣǲӱܣҲɷ


2225 ·ת
ռĽ£֮纣һӿʥȫ֡Ի۵ʥ޴ӷʹı۾ڻ۽£ݹѵͬʹధ
۵ԽԽƸɿݲ̬Ҳ̶ãֻʮָȴ񣬷ɭɭ⡣
ʥԪû취߶ǻָ׵ķâѾŰߵľ룬ʥļ
Ѫʥѩ׵ľ䣬ͬѩϵĺ÷
ɫ
ǵ۾һȵɫʡ
ֻҪ֮ڣͿһʵһ
ʱ򣬻۱ƿص۹Ǻ֮ǰδɵıչأĸħ֮Ĺڵ糹ںϣ
ȴǧĿ꣬Ҫʵˣ
žણžણ
ʥѪ˺ɫ֮ϣաͬʱ۽һֻ֣Լš
ۣ
צӲڽԼѣںڶѪҺ
ʹ࣬۷·޾죬ЦţӲĴ۶һ߹ǣҽ߹ǳ˳
Ѫ۾еŨҪ´֮ڣƽ֮еĴ󣬲ҪѪʥԼҲҪһĴۡ
Լ߹ǣԭ߳߹ǣһζһ糤Ĺǲ꣬ɵ֮У鲼ܣһ
֮Ļ۶ԽԽǿ
ʢѾ׼ãҰɣ
һץʥһɲǣȻ֮䣬ڻ۵󣬿ռ˵
ȻڽҪļ䣬Ȼɸ֪񣬿ռ쳣һʱ
ʲôˣ
۵ĵһӦ͵Ϯƻļ䡣
ڹ͵ϮߣȻҲӦ鷳δ֪ı۲ϲϮɱʧ֮͸ˡ
ռ䲨Ŀܱ˴ӿռͨг֣Լ
֮ڱĿռ䣬ȻԶħ֮ĹȶΪ籩ĴڣҪҵ׼ȷĿռ꣬ԼҲףֵ֤ʵǿ
˭ȥɣ
һ̤׼ɵĿռͨһȥ
꣡
ռͨ飬ڻ۵Ĺ£û˭⣬ٮٮߣҲҪˣ
Ȼһȥȴ΢΢һռֻͨǿռͨû˴߳
û˵ĻôͻȻֿռͨ
۲ɻͷһɲǣȻ䣬󣬿ռ֮ٴһռͨˣ
Ȼתԭȫʥռͨ˽ȥ
ʲô
־ŭ
ŭǣʥǴʮץʥѾĻ˺ܴĴۣۿҪѪʥԼһȴؼʱҪʥ
ǣĸ֪һֱܣΧûˣ˭ô죬֪£׼ȷĽռͨһԼתעһʥ£ʥߣ

ռͨʥٶȼ죬Ȼ۵ķӦ죬һĳ֮ӿ
һ˲䣬ȫɱʥʮΣȻѪʽ漰ิӵĲ裬û֮ǰֱɱʥͻṦһ
Իûжʥֵ֣Ŀ꣬ǿռͨ
ݣ
ʥռͨ˽ȥڿռͨպϵʱ򣬻ǰ֮ȴÿռͨûа취պϣ
ҵҪ˭ô£
۾Ҫ׷ȥʥӡǣ˲׷ʥߡ
ȻҪռͨʱȴȻеռͨдһɾ޴ѹ
ѹڼѹ֮Ҫѹ飬ǿбպϣ
ʲô
д󾪣ȻܶԿԼ֮
ԣ֮ڴѵҪʥ֮ڣôܣ
סˣϣû濹ԼȻ֮ȴһǿ·ڰǰע˱ԴɴټǰʥѪԼͬǰʥĴ֮ޱĹעУο֮ڵı壬еٮٮߡԴϾ
ۺϣ֮ȷʵûɵ
оԼ֮ϵļѹŭӲץס˿ռͨڣҪ˺ѣ
βռͨպϡ
Ѿȷϣռ֮ͨڵڲռ䣬֮һ壬۲ΪʲôͻȻſһͨҪʥ
Ȼ֪ͨһ򿪣͵ԭһǽϣѿһӡ
˿ӣ֮ھͲˡ
ԼֻҪӲϵ˺ȥһܽӳ״򿪣
ţ۽עռ֮ͨУԿ֮ڴļѹ
ʱڿռͨڲʥѾһƬɫĿռ֮С
ǡ
ʥסˣΪԼɣڻҪѪ˲䣬ȴƬռ䣬վǰģһֻʮСŮ
㡭ң
ʥо˼飬СŮо
͸СŮΪ֣ȷСŮʵжǿôܴӻоԼ
˭
ʥгʣԼʱһԼδСŮԵ΢ʵԼ͵ռУֱһ
ҡҽС㣬ԽС㡭ʶ磿Сӵ˵ڸղŻ۸ʥ̸У֣ƺǰؽ㣬һЩϵ
磿
ʥˣһСŮֶξԼңȻʶʵʥĪСŮʲôͷ


2226 ս
Сôʶģ
ʥСС㽫ľ򵥵˵һ£ҲʥĽܷѩڰԨʱͱһ˽
Ӵˣʹ֪˶꣬ģֿԸⲼϾĿռΪһ壬ԲٿƬռ䣬ıһ
СĻʥԾѣʶڵƬϾռ䣬֮ڵڲռ䣬֮ǱԴϾڲռ䣡
ǰСŮܲٿرԴϾԴϾʲôϵ
ʥԵʱͻȻ䣬ƬϾռȻһ¡
ҵʥСӶһΣһаע
ۣ
ʥɫһףСϾռ俪ֱպϣڻ۵ǰȻǿ󣬵Ҳ޵У˻ѾԿˡ
ϾռҪյʱ򣬻ӲעУֹıպϡ
ˣۻͼһ˺ռͨ
ˣ
ʥһһ˺ռͨ뵽Ͼռ֮УǺ룡
۵ڲϵĹ룬ԽԽǿΪҲ֮ڴķ
ʥо֮е˷۶Ҫ۵Ƴȥ
˫ڴﵽһĽ׶֮ͻΪƽ⣬ֲ¡
ȻһĻʥԽԽĽ
Ҫ֪ԳѭϵȻҲԴͨ£նת
һܹƽ⣬һǳɫĴ󷨿Դڼʮ˥ߡ
֮ҲĴƽ⣬мٵĽ࣬ټΪſ
Ĵһ©ͲˣһңһСףͻĸɱȥ
ʱһһţ֮е纣һһεĳȻǿռͨУڻ۵аȴǿޱȣʼûʧ
Ĺһֱ죬ڻ۵Ͼռбѹһӡǣʱ򣬿ռͨ·
Ͼռ䣬Ҳָƽ
Ȼʥȴ˲ĸоöڻ۵ӡǣѾڽ֮ڵĴ֮У֮ڵṹΪһ塣
һŶȡչ׳
֮ڣվҵһͻƵ㣡
ԭ֮ھѾ˰꣬۶֪оٴΣеĽṹҲ˽˴󲿷֡
ģǻģȥһ죬֮ڻᱻͻơ
ֻǻ۲ˣҪһѹյ󵾲ݡ
ԭѡʥաǼˡҲı䡣
꣬·˺Լǰ֮ڵʱӦþѾϵǽԶסħһĽŲһ죬ǽᱻƵʮ죬ٺڰԨٴ֡
עʷҲΪһżȻ¼ӳ٣յĽǻżȶķչ
СԼżȻΪżȻû֮һöӡ
ͻƿڵ֮ڣͲټ᲻ɴˡ
ͺñȣӺһļƵļһ˿ΪϸСϸԷֵƣôǿȾͻһСӶܽ顣
С
ʥСгΣСԼԼȴС˲顣

·Ͼ칬
ƬռоգƣѾָ࣬һ͸֧͵侳ˣȴû̫ʧȿֲָҪݵ͡
һսΪ⽵һ㣬һߵĹͷںϣ˺һڷһ󲽣ջҪԶѪΪʧ
Щ죬һֱʥʥ޵ľϵܸоʥû
֪ʲôļޱȣȴҲ֪ڵ״̬ȥʥǲܵ顣
ܸоԴϾڼħ֮ĹĹӦڳƿ֮ˡƺûȥ巢ʲôҲ޷Ԥ֪
ʱ޵
ǰô죿
֮һۡڤںϣܳħ֮Ĺʱħ֮ĹĹʵǼֱˡ
һ̣ʮĩˡ
·˳ĬˣãŻ˵ʱЩĲˣһٵıԤҪ࡭
ЩĲãһ
ˣҺǰʥֲ֮ڵʱҾڿһˡ
ҵ·ԭ棬Ϊһ׼ġҽԼ塢ֿ·ԭںһΪľǣػط
ô꣬ҵػ֮£ħ֮ĹĹҲδƻ·ԭ棬ǣҲֹħ֮ĹĹĻָʵģҲֻǵȴˡ
·˵Ļסˡ
·ԭ桭
ڵһ̤·ʱ򣬾·˻޾Ѫ·Ŀģ˵磬·Ϊѡ˶ģƺЩСˡ
ԳϵĶзػߺĪһеĴڣԭ·Ϊ˶Կħ֮ĹĲ֣
ԭ棬ȻҲ֪ħ֮ĹĹķ֮󣬴ԭõġʥ䡷
Ҳǲɱ飬Ͼʥ䡷в֣øֶָѼԻ۵ʥ䡷ƴճѡ
ҲԭӦĽСʥ䡷Ľɫҳֱȥԭʱ򣬴󲿷ֽɫҳԭ֮Уûбȡ
ԭ֪˻۵ݻЩ֣Ի۵ľʵҪȡЩɫҳѣˣһУҲΪ·˵ػ
ǰ˽ܣΰ磬ΪľǶԿħ֮Ĺ
ǵУһˣֻʣһл꣬ȴڵ۹Ǻи˻۳һһţĬĬػ꣬ΪģҲһս
ģˣ֪ĴȥݲһУģǼ̳һУȥĴ١


2227 
ڻػħ֮Ĺʱħ֮ĹĹںϣῪʼıչأҲӵеʱˡ
·ƮǵãԼǱʥȡ֮ʱʥ˵δչأҪһʮꡣ
һΣΪԭħ֮Ĺĵ۹Ǻ۵Ҫ񣬾޸۹Ǻٱչںħ֮Ĺ
ôʱ˵۵ıչأ϶ʥԤԵʱޡһ꣬Ҫࡣ
֮ǰѾչؽǧˣ֮϶Ѿˣʣµľ޸۹Ǻͳħ֮ĹҪʱ䣬
ħ֮ĹĹԼħ֮Ĺںϣ˺һ˫ޣڷ߶ϣͳԽ˵ҺͲ࣬ҲҺͲܱԭҺͲΪĳͻ֪ٴΣȴ˺һħ֮ĹĹܣʵһ̣
ϧʶǶ˵ʱҪȴѾûлˣǷ򡢸Ѿͣȥһȥδ߹·ڼ̵ʱڣ·ߵ۷塣
ǲУʮﲻУҺͲഴ˸Ե磬һˣ磬ȫԼ֮Уںϣﵽǰδе£
ҲֻſܶԿħ֮ĹĹʵѡ
·ԭ桭һ૵ţζʲô
磬Ȼ˵ħ֮ĹһЩҲǳԽ񼶵ģ绹෴̫ͼ棬Ҫȫ෴ĳԼڣ̸ף
֪Ĺǣľ̫ͣʵԭҸഴʱҲΪҪ۷ľţпͬʱ磬˻ᣬһٳԽΪٵ͵Ļ̫ǿˡ
㲻ͬ˵ʵǿ󵽲˼ĳ̶ȣҪǣûг·ԭʱ򣬾Ѿʥ䡷롶顷ںϣԴ˻ħ֮ĹĹһ
Ҹ൱꣬һֱȴδﵽľ磡ڣҽ߾ȫİ£Խ·ԭ棬Ҳǲܡ
֪·ԭ֮УҺͲѾĻµĴУʱ䣬·ԭɵķϵУ֪߽˶ʮţ
ǵ򡢹С飬ˣٵļ¼ķϵ֮Уջۣʱ䣬۵ѾɹЩҲΪ׼ģ
·ˣһ֪·ԭЩ꣬Ž·ؾտ飬ԭĽɫҳۿʯֹ֮µս̨
һϵе֮ؼֱʤΪ绹˸ֽ
ʮ˽֮ͣܶ·ԭɶȣɺһŵռ׼
һеһУ·˺ͲͲúõģǲΪʮţѡˣͬʱ磬ҲΪˣŵľۡˣ·ԭﵽ£
еĲ֣Ϊ˶Կյħ֮ĹĹ
ƬѾչĶģһħ֮ĹĹһ󣬻վ·벻
ʱ䣬֪ٴ˵Ŭ֪ʮڸָսս֪߽·ԭ棬ǻ䣬ǳɾ˽ܡ
ЩˣǶԼĴ˵Ȼ飬ЩվѾţǵˣճΪʷ֮еһɳ
Ȼ޾ɳʮʷ
ʷǻԻ͵ģģģѪȵġ
ǲΣʷ֮У˵ԸǾǡȥ
ģģսȭͷյҪӡ·ԭеÿһˣÿһ򣬶˵ԸҪأ
Ѿ֮ǰû·ֻܲϵȥɱٲɱ
ʼɣαչأܾúܾãһʼһΪ㻤Ĺؼ׶ΣҲò磬ǸʱҲֲ̫ȥػ·ԭˣǱʱ䣬ħ֮ĹĹչ֮ǰ
ȣҪתҿǵһ
ʥں֮ʥ䷨ϣѾﵽ˲ʥĸ߶ȣǷȱģֻʱѡ
ֻҪʱ䣬ľ磬ɾתҲѡ
Ȼ׳־ȴʼһơ
·̾һ˵֪㵣ӣȻ޷뿪·ʵǲȥֻܣˣ
·˼Ȼղ֣ǣʮһս£ûѡ
֪ˡҧ˵ʥ˰ɣڣƽƽ
·ֵαչأܳʱ䣬̸ףħ֮ĹĹںħ֮Ĺü򵥣ıչʱ䣬ҪԶԶȥκһ
ôʱ䣬ҪΪһЩ飬ӡ컯ʥʣһ㽵ȫȫ㣬ػļˣֻҽ併֮ľ䲻١
һ˯л꣬һ临գҲ˽֮
ĺĶŮӣΣԼǱԽռ䣬ǿԽһصԶŴУǶԣҲһԵ
·ԭ沼˰ֵ꣬ʱˣ忡ܣļˡѣõĺô
Ҫ֪ǰʮ񼫶࣬ڵʮ죬ȴ˲ŵ㣬
ǣԭ棬Ƽʮ֪ŵ˺ͻۣЩδǧ꣬ȫͷųƱػʮһڷɣ
ʱٳһҲΪ棡


2228 ʱǨ
ʱţںڰԨڣʥСѾڱԴϾڲռʮˡ
ʮÿʱỵ̈ʥܸ֮ܵڵš
۵ӡǣ֮ڵṹ󣬾Ϳʼѿǿĳɳ
ʥ֪ʲôʹµöṹ֮ܲʶ綾һɳɢôȥ֮ڵṹһСֱƿأʱӦϣ֮ڳѿ
ֹ֮꣬еӡǵһαը
鷢úͻȻʱʥڱչСĳϾռʱϾռȻһʥӴоѣ𶯣֮ǰ۳ǿ˺ѿռͨ𶯶Ҫࡣ
ʥɫˣֳ֪֮̽еɫԽԽء
ЩʥһһģҲ忪˻µĸַӡϾЩӡǶЧӡʥʵȥĥܳ忪
ʵָĸ֮ܵڴڲ
ӡǳɳʮ꣬ղŻ۴沼һը֮еһṹ
ը֮󣬻۵Ȼ൱һ֣д֮ڴڲӦǻ۵һγԣоµƿ֮ڡ
С֮ڵסˣо֮ڲ֪꣬Ϊҵԭԭ֮ڳһ˿Ѻۣǧ꣬ǧ֮꣬ڣһᱻƿ
ʥ̾һСĳ֣Ҳվûиıˡ
СԴҲ벻취ʮŮڱԴϾй¼ŵĻദôã˴֮鼫ãС벻취Ҳֻǣʥ֣Լİο
СС֣ʥкܲζСѹ˵СȽ㣬ڽȴ㡣
Сסʥ֣˵ûϵģղ˵˵мǧôҲǻа취ʱҲͻƣδӲҾеŬˣҲûϵ
С˵
ͻ𡭡ʥҡͷ֮ǰ޽Уںǰл꣬˴󲿷ǰ䣬Ҳ౦ľ顢
ЩĵãҪʱʱչؼǧʱ䣬ʵһ
⣬Դﵽλ񶥷壬޵ӽλľ硣
ǼˣҲǻ۵Ķ֣̫ǿˣо޵У
С𣿡ʥͻȻС۾ʵ
Сҡͷʵƾõʱ䣬ƾõԼǲˣ¹¶ǹȥ
š˵ڿʼչس磬ҲʼñԴϾǿ״̬
ۿ֮ڻҪܾã㹻һˣڻۿ֮ڵ˲䣬ʵǻʱ򡣡
ʥħ֮ĹĹġڤ͡顱Ӧħ֮ĹѹƵ۹Ǻ䣬ԼӦòǡ
ֻҪԻ۾ˡ
۷ʱĻۣʥȻԶǶ֣ƿ֮ڵһ˲䣬۶Ȼļ
Ҫ֪֮ǰۿ֮ڣץסԼѪھʱҲڿԼһ߹ǣĹѪ۴󣬲ʽ
ڻۿûʥѪƾڱԴϾµӡǣҪ֮ڣҲҪĴۡ
ôԼΨһĻᣡ
ݴͣﵽλ񶥷ԼĹȵĻۣټСͱԴϾĸ
ԱԴϾӭͷһ
ʥĴ㣬ʥҲһҪɹĸʼΪã
ôãҲҪȥԣƴȫȥȡ
Ϊᣡ
ⲻĽ֣֮ǰҲҪ˺һ⣬ûٴܵشӻںħ֮ĹĽŲŶȡʱ䡣

ʱ䣬һִһǰʱ죬ʱȴͷ
޺Ͼ칬ʱپͱӿˡ
һ꣬Ͼ칬ʮꡣ
ﵽ·˵ľ磬ȫԲóʱ磬ʱзŤʺȱ
ʱһֱȥ
תޡͻƵǣʱнУҪͬʱ·ԭ棬ǾͲʱˡ
Ϊ·ԭںϵķ߶ȣҪ·˱£·Ҫóһʱ磬ԭеķǾǲܵˡ
·ԭʱʱٶȻһһҪ۱ٶȣʱܣ
ʱϾ칬Ѿǧ£ȴֻȥꡣ
ûš
޺ϿսµĻء
Ҫᵽ޺ˣǵеٮٮߣ
Ѿľսīͳ·Դˣõ٣ͿǸԵı¡
˺ʥ˽Ҳ޺
ʥƮĴ£ʥʼ޺Ƿ׷޽󣬿С磬칬
ʥšӡաа£׷׽ȥ׷ѰԵĻԵ
ÿ˽ܣõԼӦɶȣ˽ܣԼİرһʱΪ׷ߵɶȣʥչ˾
ģ޺Ϊʮĺ￴ȥһƬ٣Ȼʥ֪ķ٣֮ͻܵƽٵĳܼȥǳ׻һУҪǸϾ칬бչصˡ
ʮĶעԵģһ䲻ĶĲ


2229 Э

޺Ͽգһ޴Ŀռ֮ų֣󲻶ȫ
ſռ֮ŵĳ֣޺ĺˮ˿͵ΣʥĿܴзɳһˣȴȡ
һ
õռеıУеĴм𣬱ԭʵϵ£ûпɱˡ
ɶǶ٣ճῡ˷ܵš
ʮأ
ʮˣ
γʮ壬ΪѾ˲ˣû뵽ʮˣҺհ
˻أάţΪʵǶã˳ԽԼҲףء
ţʦ㣡
һۼ⣬޺˳пһŵɫӰ
ˣʦҲˣѾǵνˣ
ʦ㲻֪ʲôɼ֮ǰɶȷֱǰʮߣʮˣһΣҲϾʮأ
ʦ
˷׷ۣΧҲС壬ʥ壬ߣԭ곤һЩ컯ʥѹһ㣬컯ʥˣȻͳʥġʦ㡱ˡ
ЩԭάĻӵĶУȴޱȴ̶
ͣ˽ŲȺһۣϻʲôȥΪǸոսõʮɶ˲ˣ֮ǰѶѾ½˺ܶ࣬Ѷȣȴʮ
纮øղ⣬ĵüɫļῡܲһʱ˵ˡ
ȷΪʥ࿡õߵɶȣīͳѶ½һ㡣
ǼҲûõʮɶȣɶǰʮţʮаٷ֮һĲࡣ
ҪԽٷ֮һʮֲף
ӿ֪һ̤ɶȾʹﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ֻ
ʺϲμɴתΪԵ֮ĹϵѾˣ˵Ǵﵽ˰ٷ֮ٵɶȡ
Ե֮ӿûУȻܴﵽٷ֮٣ѶѾ͵£ԼȴʮﲻӺơ
Լ֮ǰռĻʱѶȣԼɶȻҪͼ㡣
ֻĵɶѾٷ֮ʮˣˢ¼¼ˡ
һȻӶתͷһȴһͷһĽСŮԼ߷
ǰպаá
˵ɶȣӻͰٷ֮塣
ٷ֮ʮӲ⣬һưٷ֮ʮˣֻġ
ЩĿֻĵǶ˵ֻСħɵĶӣͬʱ֮Ѫ֮ѪѪΪѵã츳û˵дԴã⴫ѧϰɶȸߣʵǿǶӦõģ˳ԽˣǾ͸ñ˿Цˡ
Ȼȴֻ֪ȡĳɼĲ츳Ŭ
ʼάԼһһ˵ţڱһ䡰ӡʵⶼǿС󣬴Ӳиһһεɱġ
ѹò˵ֻҲͦ׵ġ
תͷֻĴзɳӰЩֻͬˡ
磡Ҫȥģȥ𣡡
ʱһͷ޴ĺɹ޺Ͽգչ˫ᣬ̫ڱˡ
һŮڴĲϣֻ֡
ʥŮŶ
ŶҲпŶһνɶֻаٷ֮ʮɼȻ㲻öߡ
ŶֻĲһʥ߳Ȼõõָ㣬ʥͻʱķ塣ȻŶΪȱʵսȻԼߣΪչ죬ʵȴС
еĻ䣬ʢļΪ;Ĵˡ
ԭƤϲ͵ľŶԼɶȣһԲȥ˴ġ
ڴ޲ɱ
û֪Ŷڴжʲô̶ֻ֪̰꣬ʱɶѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮߡ
ĳɳٶȣ̫ˡ
֪ŶϲԶЦıʵǲֻ١
ԭ̰ԸȻǰĸȴ°ˣȻ˵ĸ׻ţǴҲֹˣͻˡ
ŶĬĬŬΪĸף
ãҲȥˣĶҶԣûʲôսˣԼȥɣСһЩǿŶεɶǶˣ
յʮŶЩƵ˵ںܶ˶УӣЩп
ӰʮʮߣٴӰʮߵʮŶĽٶȣҲֲ̫Щ
ϾĲʵ츳Ǳ
ʵˣɶȲһߣΪɶ½ھŶϣΪʵ̫ˣԲŻɶȱٷ֮ʮ
˱ˣɶǧ֮һ㣬ллˡ
ڿŶǱӦûûбȫھ˺Ŷﵽӽʮɶȣûܡ
磬ˣŶһĴıĴų򣬳ϵƶĿ紵ɢˡ
ֻĿžŶıӰǷһ˿οЦݣֻĿ;Ŷ뿪ת޺
νЩ׼ȥϾ칬չˡ
Ͼ칬չصĵط
ôţû˻̤Ͼ칬ڲֻϾ칬Χ
һʮʱ磬Խʡʱ䡣
ΡȡƮ𣬻ʥĲ𣬶


2230 
ʵ֮ǰδʱ򣬲廹ʥߣһЩиˡ
һ̫ңԶǾŬҲ޽
ڶԴеĲ㣬ǰʮõʱѶҪСö࣬ӵĴһֻҪԼŬС
Ǻʮ죬崫е㣬ʮֵ֮ÿ岻ˣ£Ҫ񣬻ҪԼôŬԳɹ
ڲһˣϾ칬ΧīͳԽ̵Щ·۵Դ·ˡػߵأޱóʹá
УǸǲ˵ˣ·۵ĴпţʥʱҲٱ䣬Խóҽ
еȻ󣬵嶼ûˣǵĴлʲôã
֮£߻ʥߣŷǰδе飬ǵٶȣȻҲһأһЩٮٮߣкܴϣͻ
ǿ񾳽磬ǿĴڣǵ֪ϣβ
塢ʥһһʱ򣬾ŶѾŴɵ˴ĵϿա
ŶŴĲӣӭԵĮ磬һͷɫһ
ѪĲӰļͿһ̺죬̺֮£ǾµСϣȴд˼㡢
СڣɣŶ

ţŬչ˫ᣬƳ죬һһڻĻд뵽ͨϦ֮УʧֻʣǸ߿ԶХصʣþò

ʱţͣϢ
չأѾȥǧ˰꣬û֪Σ˶иš
ʱڻ壬ȴһޱ䣬һҹ֮䣬屩ң񣬴ʮߣǰ˺ڰԨ
ϢʥӪߣһ
䱻ᣬ֮ħ֮ĹĹԻ۵ݳִƻ壬ǿļ֣ۿˣǻۿƱҲмޣܽ𶼿סˡ
䣬һƣ߸ˣ硭
ʼչصʱѹϾ칬Χ꣬ѾԽԽȹˣ·֪ʮ䣬ǸпѡĽأ
죬Щ꣬һЩ£Ѿ㹻ȹˣյʱķԸȹ֮󣬱һߺʵ壬ᣡ
ʼչ֮īͳĳƺѾĳ
ж޷Ϊֻһ߲ᡣ
֮壬׶ˣҲܱҪõöࡣ
ѡһۣһ컯ʥʣ
īͳĻһ壬񼶵ģ컯ʥʣﵽ۷壡
ۣĳˣڰ֮ǰīͳͽץ˹ס˻꺣Ϊ
컯ʥʣǸǲ˵һսش߻֮飬һٱ·˿ƣΪٴ½ھǽλλ֮䡣
Ҫ컯ʥʣԭܣΪ컯ʥʵѾƣĽ컯ʥʵĻ꺣ȴҲܰ쵽
īͳĻ̾һ˵ѡ컯ʥʡ飬ɡ
ôȥˣеĳޣѾĵ
ƽڼ첻ΪԼ֮𣬴ʮӪ֮еһ֣ʵīͳ
ãīͳ΢΢һЦǻЭᣬ֮컯ʥʵҲҪʱ䣬֮ľ磬պŶˣЩ
šƽµõһһǿȻٲˡǵżԼѾ;ƿݶˡ

вֻߣҲ޺
Դˣīͳ߲ܣȫݡ
ģʼչѾǧˣʱʼīͳ֯£·ķ˺͵ͼߣʼ
һжΪĳغĴս׼ʱںڰԨʥСҪһսˡ
ǧʱ䣬֮Ѿʼ飬ԭĺɫأһĿĵƣЩƾҰ޵ľ޿ڣ·ܽһ̽޾Ԩ
վĿĴ֮ϣͷɢǵУɱ


2231 ֮
֮ѾסڰԨˣһͷޱ˳صļҲΪ۵ķָô֮һֱѹڻϵһʯ
죬Ǵʯʱˡ
ʱʮڰԨͨϵһ飬Ҫƿ֮£ǧ꣬꣡
Ҫ֪۸ħ֮Ĺϣħ֮ĹһͷĹžޣޱ̰ӵпµθڣҪħ֮ĹĴԽԽǿԵô۱ħ֮Ĺ㹻ϡ
һڰԨ
˸Ӹĵʮ죬ԨħԷչ׳ӵԽԽˣʮԭסҲԱȦΪϵıѡ
ǧˣ֮Ͽյ籩ѾͣЪƻ֮൱һṹ֮󣬻Ѿа취´󣬽֮ں֮ϵжϡ
ʼɣ
¶һĨĿЦһȭԼؿϣȳѪԼѪΪī֧֮ĺɫϣʼͼڡ
Ƭأƣ۵ľѪ߹ЩƵʱ򣬱ԶƯ·ǻС
Żۿʼƴ󣬻۵ɫҲԽԽ԰ףǧǰһս۾ʹģ˸ɿݳĺˣɼһսԻ۵ҲС
ôȥҲûлָݹңʱԾѪΪīͼʹ·ʱҪȥһ㡣
Сʼˡ
֮Уʥӱչоѣһ˫Ŀںڰ˸·𴩹˲Ͼ֮ڣۿڻͼĻۡ
ʼˣȼվѪ׼
֮Ѿǧٿף۵͸֮ڵıԴϾʥĸܵ
ţ
СĵͷǧҲûţȻʺʮ򣬵ȴͨϵϰͱԴϾںϵһ𣬶ԱԴϾĿƸӵӦ֣·һֱһ㡣
Сʥҹҹʱ޿̲׼һ
ɰܣڴһ٣
ô
ʥСǰЩۣСŮɱ֮ˣ۵Ĳɱǻʤϣ㡣
õ£ӳ죬Ȼ۵ֶΣʥȴֳȥˡħǰ½ߣҲǧѣ
ʥѾĴˣע޷ѵʱ뿪Ͼռ䣬ȼԱ
λ񶥷Ϊҿɱ۷弶ֵսڻǰԱش
ʥָɱۣΪСӮһ
ЩʥѾ֪СԵϲСŮСΪԼ۶ȥ
䣡
ϾռȻһṹ׷ױѣһƱ鲼֮ڣѿ
ʥɫ糣·ûиоȻѾ¶ģôڻ۾ֱӽϾռ䣬ǰҲûʲôµˡ
䣡
ռȻһ𣬾ҵıըϾռ֮Űʥ²ø֪˳
ǻѪΪ´󣬻ħ֮Ĺ֮ԼڰԨԪ֮չĹ
ըԽԽܼȥ۲µĴ󣬾һֻ޴а۾ǶĿĺɫ֮ϡ
ֻ۾ϵĸʴأ·Ҫһɡ
ԽԽңʥоһ޷˺֮ڣҪ֮ڵĺġԴϾӲĳ
ԴϾ֮ڵϵӲĳϣһ̣ʥĸ֪УʱޱȻڲ׽Ż֮УݼŵĻᣡ
ʥѾںԼǰļ䣬֮ǰʥ·ֲµģʥǳ֮ڵ֡ҲõƾСԶԻش
֮ѵԽԽ࣬ӿǺһʥСѹԴϾ·𱻾˳С֮Ƭʧȥ
ڣ֣
ʥкһһ˲佫еСҲԥʥ˵ȫԸٿرԴϾ۳ȥ
ʥСħΪý飬ӳڱԴϾ֮ϣñԴϾٶȴﵽ˼£
ʥͻ֮գ˿͵˳ͿµѹȻѹȴΪԴϾǰ
ڼѹ֮£֪֮ڵṹҳеķԽѹɶԴϾĳ
ͺñһסһʪķԽѹԽ󣬾Խǿһܿٶȥ
ڵʥСˣǲעԼȫһ֮˺ѵ֮۷һ
ۿűԴϾڵĳۺ⣬Цһģܲ˽˼
Ȼ뵽ʥĹͷԴС
ѾڷһΪľ֮ʱӦʥƴ

ڻڣһԴϾ
һ̣ӡڻڵڻ۵ģһɫУħ֮Ĺ֮ӿ
䣡
뱾ԴϾײһıըھ޴֮Ϸ·һʢѪɫ
֮ڣ˺ˣƬ
޴˳УԴϾŷɳϾռ֮ڣʥȻ³һѪߣСҲСɷס
ǵƴһзȻ۽һҲɣȻʥС˸


2232 
һٶ˥ߣһδشۣôսӼѣ
Ҿȡ
ԶգͷɢϹŹЦݣʥЩչأʵҲͬСɣټСϿƴһ»׼Ҳˡ
ղŽϿֱѾˣʱһĽǶŤţȻȻˣϵЦ⣬ȴ⡣
ϵʱƴһȴû뵽һȻĽ̫ˣֻ֮ڣû뵽ȴƷǲңжá
۵ɱȻеٵʥϧȴκ飬ңٵĶҲܸС
ǣ
ԭΪ޴۵ֱۣڿٵĻָ
ͬʱڻ£֮ڲϵıըٱը壬ȴȻ͸֪ȫǰԶıԴϾ֪ʥʹ˷ṥ
ĹԼԸ̫ЧǾϵĲࡣ
һԴϾԻΪģħ֮ĹͶӰΧա
¡
ڻΧըԽԽͣڻ۽£֮ڳȥû֧֣ǺɫĴ֮£ʼƬƬڰԨ׹ȥ˴ݵĳͬĩգ
ֲ֮бԭ֮յӴΪ֮ڱ̮ƬĿռ䱻˺ѣһĻ벻龰ˡ
˺ѵĿռ֮󣬺Ȼһǧľ޴ռѺۣǿռѺ۵ĺ棬֮ɣƺһƬ硣
ţ
ͻȻֵľ޴ռѷ죬۾סˡ
ǡ
Ƭħ֮Ĺ粻ͬһ۸оҲʮ졣
ڰԨȻһ磿ôܣ
ͬʱϾռУʥһĻȴˡ
Ƭ磬
֪ƬʲôֻһǰһżȻĻᣬƬڡ
Ƭ֮Уһй򶼲ͬЩ˵ĸоȫʮͺڰԨϵ
ʵڰԨʮһУڰԨʮǰһԪĲⷽ˵籾һ塣
磬ȴȫһˣ
ʥ֪Ϊʲô˺ڰԨҲ֪ʲôʥ֮ⷢ󣬽
طʥһ۵ʱ򣬾ڤڤһԤУǾǣоǵģһȥ磬¾ͻزˡ
ʥԭĴ㣬ǽƬ統Լһ·ĸìɵ͵Ļʹ뿪Ǹʱʥ֪ԼٵĳҲ֪۶ͼȻˮ𣬵Ҳû㹻ɣҪȥһȥ޻ص硣
ʥ֣ǸڣڻСܹ˶ãͻʧ
ǣһ磬Ǿǡ
һǧǰʥոջ컯ʥӣ弴ʥĴս
Ϊ˾Ĵߣһϣʥ̸УϣˣԸʥͬĵˡ
ʱ֪ʵԨħʥУʥ壬ɣΪ塪һڴ֮и޷֮Ŭʱ̾һУֵͬ飬ǡ
ʥΪζ̾ʥĻشǡ̾ˡ
⣬ȻʥȴȫδͣǷԸ⣬ȥһطҲػ磬һȥ꣡
ν꣬ʵһӣԶⳡٵУһУһһȥ׷֮·
ʱʥԼҰģϣгһգܳԽ񣬴Լ硣
ãһʵİ£㹻츳ɳĸ߶ȣһͬ۷ĻʵЧ°ǰӣһͬԽ
ȥǸյ磬ܾʹ˰ѻ۵Ŀƣһ˫ã
Ȼɱãȥһȫδ֪磬Ҳζž޴ķգַգƬ籾ΣգƬ絽ʲʺ
ǣʥʳһеʱĻشȴǡ
ܾ
ʥû⣬ΪԼԵ֣͵ʱսˣպټֻǳС
ȫû뵽к֣֮仹Ů
ΣҲǼȶģչδȴ˲˼顭
Щ뷨ֻ˲仮ʥԺһ˲СȥƴȫǸ磡


2233 ۹
ʥĺСĸҵȫע˱ԴϾ֮С
꣡
ԴϾĿâֱɶȥ
кâһղͻȻһľ֮УֺڰԨ֮Ϊλ磬ڿʥҪӣʥСԸ
䣡
۵֮ûһֻɫľ֣ԴϾץ
ʱʥѾһУĻᣡ
ҪܻۣȻǺ޿ܣӻӣҲǧѣǽֻǴӻǰɵǧ֮Ŀռѷ죬ѶȴСöࡣ
գ
۵ȻһգΧħ֮ĹȻսֻɫĴ֣Ҳץס˱ԴϾ
ײñԴϾҵǿĳʥһȻ³һѪ
Ȼʱ˿̣ܲˣƺ͸֧ԼѪֱȥ
ͣ
ʱ򣬱ԴϾתıԵǵһֱп˻ۻûĺɫ֡
ۻûȻǿ󣬿ɱԴϾȴĿǣʱԴϾǺɫ֣
ʲô
д󾪣Լڴĵ֮һĳȻһڱԴϾϣȴɱԴϾиָоԴϾպ۵Ĺȴֱ֬ӱԴϾˣס
ಣ
ԴϾջûڣܿͷϯĿռ籩֮Уʧ
һ£оԴϾЩˡ
ǰ۸·˽֣ȻӴԴϾʱ򣬱ԴϾƺûô¡
ĪǱԴϾ֮ʱ䣬Ϊۻĳֱ仯
ֻǰǰǰʥѪԼ뱾ԴϾ֮УҲʹһ仯
ͷоԴϾǽˣʥԴϾ֮УһĻȷʵ׽ʥ
ںڰԨİջܶ࣬硭
ۿСƺܿҪʧڣԥһ£վû׷ȥ
û۸еܹŹ֣ǹעеĿռ籩ҪȺڰԨҲ֪ٱƺʧȥףҪʧ֮ǰץסʥҰȻȴδˡ
۹⣬ԼҪץסʥȻҪһֽţ˳ĻҲҪʱ˳ĻǾͲ֪ˡ
һԼ磬ץʥ֮ǰھʧôԼܻô
ûš
ʮͺڰԨһռ䣬۶ȥ磬һȫδ֪Լȥδֹ磬ȴԴ˺ģ˵ʧ˿ռ꣬ȫҲ·
벻顭첻㡭һȻвʣǷȥ׷ɱʥ
ͻ֣Ӧ֮ʱ۰򴩿ռͨųֵ
Ȼ۾ãҲʥˣ˵Ļôʥ˼þ
Լ£ȥȫİ׷ɱд˼ʥҲǣۻкܶҪ
ģԭǧľ޴ռѷ죬ֻʣˣֹʮϢʱ䣬ȫʧˡ
ʼգʥͱԴϾû֡
۸оڷ֮ʥҪ²ôˣ˵ԶҪδ֪ˡ
Ȼзߺޣû飬ֱӷ˺ڰԨ
ۻںڰԨںò֮ʧˣҪᣬϱչħ֮ĹںϣһҪѾĵ۹Ǻ̫ˣ鲻
Ϊ֮ڣһξǧʱ䣬˵ɳǧ꣡
ټԼıչأ궼ֹ۲ܳɳֵزֻ֪Բɳ
ÿһ꣬Ҫǿһ֡ڻУΣԣҪ󳬹ǰ·˺Ͳ
޺Ͳ࣬ʱǶѾ˲֪ˣϹݡ
ˣʵǿǱС۲£޻ǲ࣬۶
ǣȴͬ˶꣬޺Ͳֱ࣬˵Բơ
ô̵ʱ䣬ԳΪʵȴѾ۷壬ԼֵʱȻͻƣ˵Ǵﵽޡ
һ꣬Ϊڣӵ޵ʵۼֱţԿ϶ǰ޻ǲ࣬δﵽĸ߶ȡ
һֳɳȻԽ޺Ͳ࣬ԽԼὫ
ȻҪֹ鷢
ۼٷڰԨͬʱԨʮ߲㣬ڤħ֮УһͳȻڹ֮л졪
ڤгϣң
ļµϺƣÿһ񼶶ħ߻죬ЩڰԨħǣ󣬶ʱоԼȫѪҺΪ֮
ܶߵȶħֱϥ
ٻ֮£ڤ񼶶ħ׷׸ħ
һ磬ڤĽأƽʱδκ˲ýƬ֮С
ڣѾ򿪣ڤ롣
صһ̣Ƕʱеһɿֲѹ񼶶ħ˵ϡ
ǰԶһ޴ħͷ­ħͷ­ǽһ㣬֮УȿɴǧһСǳ
ħͷ­ǡڤ
ڤǰЩħһİǴҴһ£̧ͷڤ
ǹĹڵϣȴڤ
ڤĬţеĶħǶĬĬĵȴ
ͬ飬ҲڴħڴħĶǣһ峤ǧߵ̾һɽϣɫͫʣɨɽ֮¹ŵħǡ
ߣ˫ϳĸצӣͷϻһǣеǴħס飡
ħʮˣĶħ޼ʱ䣬鶼֪Ӱȫʧٵ״̬жħɣǲˡ
죬ˣңǵŴħ棬˴ħɽ֮ϣԲ֮ڵĶħһ龰
ǵ飬ɱļ;η
飬ǵħ񣬽죬Ȼˣ
жħԤеڰԨҪˡ


2234 
ʥʧһ̣Ͼ칬еȻһоԼʥ֮ϵͻȻޣϸ֪Է֡
Ҽĸ֪Ҳļ
ʱѾϾ칬бչǧʱ䣬Ϊ֮ǰһǧ꣬ʱԭʵѾһǧꡣ
ڴ֮ǰûһΣһôʱ䡣
ʱչأʵδʵߣչôϲʵսÿ죬۸Ҳʵ
ֻڣʵʮ죬ûеطˣҪ˵ʵսҲֻиʵսǲЧֲǻ۵Ķ֡ԣչʵѾõѡˡ
һǧ꣬þתԲһһԼƽѧһɱȻȴûһǧһʱ䣬һԼķ򣬹Ϊ
һǧıչأϵ죬һжеðͰ࣬ʵҲǱĬţڣΪʥϵͻȻʧˡ
֮ڵױ˺ˡ
·̾һһԭ·˾Ͳ²⣬Ҫʥƿ֮ڣ֮ڱ˺ʥ
ϸ֪ľãʥƺûΪʲô֮ϵԽԽ޷أ
巢ʲôҲҶԱԴϾĸ֪Ҳޡ
·˵ĻȻѵ˵ԴϾˣ
ڱԴϾоӡǣǱԴϾҵľӡǻᱻٵȻ֪ڡȻԼоԼӡǣûбֻǱĳֶˡ
·˵Ļ΢΢һʲôˣ
ԼʥĸӦҲˡ
ƺûɱʥҲûеõԴϾôʥͱԴϾʲôΪʲô֪ˣ
ҲãҲ뿪·ٵģҲʲô
·Ϊػ·ԭ棬͸ںˣû·˵ʵȻ޷սʤۡ
Ȼ·˲ܹȥҲδܹ۵ħ֮Ĺ⣬۹Ǻڤͺ鶼Ͼ˼ҲҪȲĸϻԨʵ۲һе·ƾһ·ƿ·д·ˣܲռˣԴ
ס·˵γǹңɣңʥ֮⣬в
ǰ֮ǰ֮ʯ˲ħ֮Ĺ䣬Ÿйأ֮ѣۻعڰԨǲǰ
û˵ȥˣоħ֮ĹĹз֮󣬲¾׶༪ˡ
࣬Ҳǳ̾һ֮ǰ𣬲ֻʣһƲл걻ڵ۹Ǻܾ꣬ĥѣ뿪۹ǺͻɢɢҲĽѡ
·˺ͲһĶ֣ϣǸϣͬʱҲһ֪Ԥ֪ɢҲǸпǧ
ʱǰһи֣ޱ߿ռϣͷ
·޾ǿ֮Уۿ·⣬Ļ۵һǾǴӿٵأɵɣᴩ˹ȥδ
ۣǰɴһߴӰ
Ӱһѩ׵ĳۣǷӢʮ㣬һ˫۾·̺Ũüһбޡ
һ϶ӢˣȻϸȴ־ò·ģºʱ֮У˸С
ӣĪĸоԼӰһڤڤеϵѪͷĹ
ޡǰ
оЩ·Ȼһֱڹͨ·˻δǰԻ
·ˣĶ࣬ԭΪ·˾㲻ϣҲ˵ģȡۻ룬ʮ㡣
ǰӰ˵ʮ˾ҲΪˡ
޿һǴʱ֮ӵı˰ˮһ㣬ѩ񣬼ֱ˵һ꣬ԭԺе·˴ྶͥ
޿ڵѾ·Ϊһ壬ʱǰģҵĻһ֮Ѫ㣬죬ҾʹѪΪں̵ɡ
·˵ţһָǰһһˮء
ˮֻɿһбˮ壬ˮأˮȫûͷ
ܸоⲻһˮأǡһ鱦
Щ֪꣬鱦ĵǹìꪵȵʮ˰ټӡȡȵƫ鱦һˮ״鱦ȴǵһμ
ǻأһٶǰҾڻسɾ񣬺ڻسԽ񣬻һϵ鱦һȪģصĳˮЧʱ򣬼ӳԴʺͻƣ
·˵Ļ΢΢ľ⻯ؾ·˳ɾͳԽشͻʹõ鱦
·˿ʮǰ޹˵ľףͻƾĵطֻͨˮأǶܻأοˮر·Ȫġ
̤뻯أˮصıԵзԿ̵Ĵ··ͻƾ磬µġ
ʣЩ·
һأ񼶸ۺˡ
Լͻƾ磬ν°빦


2235 ֮
ĳڻصĳصףĳˮ壬ָоǴĸĸÿһγˮȪ¶Ǵڱǽ壬ȫִǧëųϵĸ塣
ʱһѪ⣬˷۶·˵Ĳٿ£ˮ֮Уʹһ㵭ѪɫˮеԽԽŨɢļµ
ͬʱ·ȡһħǣħǻ۵ķȣ°ʥʱ򣬽ħǷҲûüߡ
ħǷȵĲϣǧǰħµĹҲ·ӽ˻֮У
ڻдﵽԲ֮ͳ·ԭ桭
·˵ͻȻЩһ̧ȥȴڻرԵѪע룬·˻𽥼
·ԭںīĳ֮У˼ѩİ˿
һѵΪ·˽Ѫ֮иԼԭ
ǰ㡭
˵䣬·˷İ˿ۿɼٶ࣬סˣӻسصվ
ʱˮеѪ֮ѾʮŨȴȥˡ
·ƽ˵㲻Ϊҵʲô
ǰҵŸտʼ֮ܳ꣬ѵ᲻ϵȥ
ܸо·˵ڽš
ͻȻ·ˣѾ·Ϊһ壬Լ·ô·˵᲻Ӱ죬»ԽԽɡ
·ҡͷЩ꣬·г˯þֶҵԪˣҵԪҲˣһ̫ˣһٶ£ҴһУո¶ͷǣʥ𣬵񣬳Ϊһվʮ۷塣
һʲôˣʲôӵˣȻĿ˰ǰĴ٣ҵսѡˣȴֲҵŮˣһһȥֻʣһˣһУֵ֧ڡ
ģʲôˣҲ׷һֱִŵ˵һʲôԸǾǽûɡ
·˵䣬·ֲ˼֣Ȼ˫Ŀȴʼǳ
·ˣ
ȻһЩ˶;ƿݣֻǣҶ·ػܻԽԽˣ뾡ڻ֮ǰ
·˵һеʱʼƽĬĬսȭͷܸо·˱ĳصӣȻ˵ʲôû壬Ҫ㾡ȫ·ԭȫ
ǣһעô˳
ʱֹȥǧ꣬еΪؼʱ򣬴ãã֮Уͻأģһɫֱ£
⣬һ޴ĺԽռͨХк£̫ˣǿѹԶ֮Ѫӿֱӡ
Ҫ֮⣬ڵϾ칬ֱȥ

˻ʱ£
ǰ
УĿһĻǾкܶˣΪٶʵ̫죬ǼӦʲô
⣡
ĿɻעϾ칬֮Уȴֹ̫ǿˣȫԼʵޣ
չеڲܱŵôܳһ
ѵǡħ֮ĹĹĹ
Ժлʯͷǧһ֮ʣϾ칬֮УͻȻһɫĴֱ֣
ַԲǧڱգ·סһǳ
䣡
ɫ֮оҵıըֲĳϯݻ˴Ƭ졣
֣ӲĽ⵲ˣ
ͻı仯˾ĿɿڴǺܿ˸ղŵһĻô£⣬ܿħ֮ĹĹĹ
ħ֮ĹĹˣĪħ֮ĹĹѾıչأ
ܶ˶һħ֮ĹĹˣǼֱȥˣ
ĪţħûеֻǸʱˣ
εصڷԲǧĿռ䣬ƽߵĽŵħ֮ĹĹҲҪչأǧǰǳս˵úأټħ֮Ĺ⣬ôָοҪħ֮Ĺ
·ˣȻʱأȻ̣͵ֿˡ
ħû
ûܸŲĹ̫˰ɣ
ղǵ֮ܶ£ǾȥԻҷ
ħ֮ĹĹȷʵǰҲʵղ־ǰûİɣҲֱ浲ǿºڹ⣬
ǰ
ܶղŵ֣ʱĿ࣬Ѿ֪·˾Ͼ칬ָ֮·˵ıӻħ֮ĹĹҪԶ̵Ҳô׵ġ
ȻЩԺ·ˣεϣȴһơ
⡭ô򵥾͵ô
ЩĵĿϾ칬һۣԤУεĹҲֻǿʼ
ħ֮ĹĹɱչأʵܹƥеľ磿
˸ţҪָǰӻǣⳡƽ٣ҪԼȥһϵŮ˵ĻƮһ°ѩƯ
ǧʱ䣬ʱо꣬Ʈڳīָ£ͻƾ磬ɾλ
λУʵпɣһͱǿˣλδͻơ
Ʈĸоβ࣬ĹҲȥ·˵˵һΣܵÿһô


2236 ֮ǰ
Ͼ칬ڣ·Ӱڻǰɫ΢΢԰ס
ǧǰѾ˾޴ı仯ɷӢʮ㣬ȻһͷڷѾͷ˿
·ˣ˫ĿЭ߷¸ղħ֮ĹĹһѪɫƽݡ
ǰ㡭оĳղħ֮ĹĹĽ֣·ˣ
ԭԼչأ·˾ļڻҪħĹѹ֪
㲻ҪģһһıչأǶİһҾһѹϣȵ㹦ɳ֮գľ磬ƽ룡
ͷһҵľǰƽ룿
·˵ľ磬ȻǳԽ
оԼٱչ꣬ȻʵܴҪԽȴǿԲ
δʱ䣬ҲܹʱѣЩ߶ԣʱ䣬ʵ΢ˡ
·˵ΪϣһЩڷ򾳽ϣȴܳԽҡνԽʵһͳľ磬ÿһͳ󾳽磬ϸС磬ڡڡڡ۷塭ԽûУΪԽ㲻һ󾳽磬һ״̬ͼڼħǸǿߣԼԲﵽ״̬ǳԽ񣡡
νԽ񣬾Ϊﵽ£Ҳﵽ£˫ؼ£ɳԽˣ
·˻ƽ˵ĶȴͷһƽһйسԽ
ˣ
ڻУ·һݣ֪ͬǳԽߣ˴֮Ҳǿ֣֮˭ǿ˭ȻǸԳԽǰʵ͸Էĸ߶ȡ
ԼΪ۷壬ҲûйϵڣѾܱ۷ˣ֮ԼΪλʵ˷ϵԲδزܻħ֮ĹĹ

κƮûв´֮ǰһ⣬ȷʵֻجεĿʼ
֮ǧ֣꣬
һΣһһ
⣬ֱִϾ칬
Ͼ칬У֣޻ڵײһ
һʱ䣬ضɽҡ޺ڿֲѹ°ȥγֱǧľ޴ˮ롱޺ϿյƲʣȫɢˡ
ǰĩհ龰ʮ߶ˣ⡭ôȥǺá
һι·˵£ǲ֪·˵Ƿɣһο·һ㣬ף
Ϊ֮·˻ûƣӲ˺ˣ
һֵָ֮й¶ͬٲһкϾ칬ϣϾ칬ػҲδܽϾ칬Ρ
üͷ
ÿǧ깥һΣҶԷĹмǿƣ
ζ㣬һǣչеħ֮ĹĹܳ뿪ħ֮ĹҲ޼ɵĹֻڱչصС׶ν֮ʱжſԹڶǣʱƣħ֮ĹĹڲϵıǿ
Ͼ칬֮У·Ȼǿܻȥ
һȻԽԽ⡣
Σʥ߲㣬ء
ǵǺɫ⣬ֱӴգ˲ƵϾ칬ϷģҪ;Ҳܡ
ʱֹȥǧ꣬Ȼ֣
⣬˶ס֪·ǲǻٴλûֵֵʱϾ칬ϷͻȻһâһϵİʯֳ̨ӭ⣡
ʯ̨ߴɣΪʮף·˵鱦߲ķ̨
ʮǰ̨ԼķţҲ˶
⣬кڷ̨ϣ
¡
̨ҵ޺ˣֲĺХߴǧֱ
ǧߵĺХ˵һƽ٣ʱ·ƽѾˣƾХڵϯҲûͿ̿ľ档
֪ıչػҪáСħ˫ֽһĿһϾ칬ڵķ
СħߣֻסСħɵ֣⣬ֻս֮ǰˡ


2237 ˺·
ϵ·ǰδеΣ֮Уħ֮ĹĹĹһ׼ȷÿǧһΡ
ʮ֪ڵڶαչؿʼǰıչأʱ䡣
Ԥ룬ʱ䣬ħ֮ĹĹĹȻԵĽ١
ڿǹһαһǿٽ֮ڵʱħ֮ĹĹһﵽ۷壡
ǽʲôʮ߲
ǧ꣬ĴιԼ
ˣ
·ĺҹɲǼ䱻ͬ磬ѪɫĹâ磡
رˣ·һͷѡ
Ƭ޺׹һֱ̫ǿĳƿòĺˮ¶˰߲ĺ
̨ˣػϾ칬Ĵ˺ѣϾ칬ڿֲĺХоҵ

Զ֮⣬ΡСħɡֻĵ˶ĿһһȻս
ħ֮ĹĹǸֵ֮Уᱻش
Щ꣬ʮ߽̫࣬һħ֮ĹĹǾ΢ˡ
ף
ֻսȭͷָǶѪ֮У̫ʵֻĵΪʮ֮УѾﵽ˶һ㡣
չصڣʱʱ䣬ʮձѾ겻ֹֻĸѾꡣ
ֻ꣬ľʮ쿡ɱһʼͨһ֣žٽƮȡŶɳֻĻŶֻ֣ս
ֻĵΪѾﵽλ񾳡
ֻ֮⣬СħɡƮȶҲͻλ¡гաӡڰħ̫ذϫ޺ۡߵҲﵽλ񾳡
ʮߵʵΪ·Դۣеţﵽ۷塣
Щħ֮ĹĹǰûʲôá
Ĳʵ̫ˡ
¡¡
ನȥ޴ĺ˻ʮߣű˷󷨵Ͼ칬
ǺѾϾ칬ۼˣīͳ£µʱ磬Ͼ칬Զ԰ȫ
Ͼµߣܵסֲĳ
ıչػûнǧ֮ǻһι
ǻ龰ǲ
ʱţ긴һ꣬ʮߣƴѾԤе籩١ʱ̣ҲǾʮ˵һս
Ƽ޺ĶǸĸһսȴҲǳϻ̳Ͽ֣
ģܻģҲ㲻
һзģԤ뻹硣
ʱδֻ꣬ǾǧŰʱħ֮ĹĹĵι׵Ľˣ
Ǿ޴⣬Ӵ䣬·գûҫ۵ֻ̫ʣǳĿ⣬һУ
·ȼ
ε·޺λĩˣǺһ֮£޺ڵ·ĩˣĽضˣ
ĹâһУʧԶʮ֮ʮߣĿ·˺ѣ޾ĺˮٱХֱӱ֮Уʧ
Ͼ칬ûâ֮УķֻǵֵɲǼ䣬һ鿪
󷨵⼤䣬û󷨵ػϾ칬ĳ

˻ʱ£
ܶʮ߼ҪȥǵϣֱӳУڱչص᲻ҷ
̫ǿ·˾ƵϾ칬ڻ˴룡
Ͼ칬֮УѪѪǺɫģǺɫģѪҺոͱֲս
ں֮·ѾߵĹͷƫƫһħ֮ĹĹƴȫҲ꣡
ޡǰ
к·ˣ֪ղŵһ·˰˴룬Ѿҷˣ
Щ꣬·ļҲԽԽٰԼһܲġ
ǰ
ҪġҡӦûڰ֮У·˵Ѿޱ΢
оԼڲĸеղŵһѾ˵·˵Դ
ǰ
֪˵ʲôˣʱ˵ʲôԵޱȲ԰ףʱе֮Уֲһӿȣɫ䣬û
һΣħ֮ĹĹĹһΣΣ
ϼһҪƴˡ
·Ӱںڰлûǰΰȴ׷Բԣ£һнľˡ
ȻϣȻ·һ˫ȴʼ֪ıչصĹͷħ֮ĹĹƴһУҲҪֹͻ
ֻҪٸһ£ʮ죬ֻҪʮ졭
սȭͷ˫ĿѪ죬ָĿѪ֮УѾһЩƲ⣬ڻǱ˶꣬Ȼûκԭ棬ǿԭ֮вһЩ֣ܸоԼʲôҲܸоԼںʲôʱɣ
ǧŰ꣬ԭѾٶȼӿ죬Ϊ˾ܱħ֮ĹĹķˣȻȴʧˣħ֮ĹĹһҲǰˣԼչؼǰһ¡
Ȼɺϣԭֻħ֮ĹĹͨһЩֶ̽鵽
ԽԽǿѾϾ칬֮⣬ԭ׷׸̽ǷŵʮߴʧɫǷ׷תֱ˳ȥ
޷Ϊֵʵ⹥̫ˡ
һ벻ֹħʣ಻ˡ
ڲƵϾ֮ڣ·ͷ죬ǿйڶΣڱչصħ֮ĹĹ˵ҲȻǼĸ
չеߣɻ䱻ϣħ֮ĹĹֶͨΣҲҪܵơ
ڶιֱʱ·˲仯⣬뵽Ͼ칬֮УĻܣ

Ͼ칬֮⣬ܶ߷ĿţԭͲ˵Ͼ칬£ױըˣ
Ͼ칬Ƭڷ籩֮Уɢȥ


СħԶԶĿһУһķ·𱻵ˣ


2238 Ԩ
Ͼ칬ûˣԭıչ֮ر״ݻ٣ڿֲط籩֮УԼԼĿһӰӰͨ役ڣٲȻһر˵Ŀľ

ף
Сħɡֻĵȸܹϵˣ˲ϳˣ·սʬĺӰĲ״СħĶˣʮҲס˺
ˣ˻ʱµıչرˣ
ô
ʥĩգ
һ̣жӿһ־С
һսû򣬾ʧô㾡еŬȴһսʸûУ
ûŶ˵ܸܵڵŶͻķϴ˵ϵŶֻĻҪܡ
ûͺá
̫ĵ޺ǿڣȻ˵ûͺãһʱûɵ
Ĳ״ȻˣҪ֪ڿڱչذҪҪԽ
ıչأݵòأۿȫڣ˵ӣԲǿħ֮ĹĹĹ
£ϣıչػܼȥô᲻ᱻħ֮ĹĹƻ󣬹һ
ĽʮˣҲȫˡ
ıչػܼΪ˵ԭԭڳصļƻҲˡ
ڶʮԣʱȻۺأǽһһġ
ʮ嶼Ḳ
ǵϣϣڿˣ֪
ʱΧռ俪ʼŤ֮Χǲϱ𣬲ϱɵ޺֮УʧӰ
˻ʱȥˡһ½õ˵
ٴȻҪˡ˻ʱҪʱ䡭֮ǰжϵҲҪʱ䣬ôȥǡ
һԻ̾һĻû˵꣬ȴ˼
˵ɥ˻ûǾϣλһ£˵ƮΪʥ͵һˣƮߣʮˣƮڳƺҲ˻ʣΪΪʮ䣬Ʈڹڳ£˻ʵĳƺҲǺϺˡ
ֹ˵ۣƮֵ˻ѾǧꡢǧꡢǧꡢǧꡢһĹһһǧ꣬һǧĹ֪˻ʿϷ漣ҲǼ࣡
Ʈ˵ʵţϵ漣ʵ̫ˡ
ֻҪһԽһжת
֮ǰħ֮ĹĹιԷĵڶαȵһ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ͸֧ˣҲħ֮ĹĹǧҲֹͣˡ
Ļʮ컹ôһϣ
ţʱͷĸ߿գһɫ磡
ɫ磬ӵĵۣӲһΪ
ʲôǣ
û꣡
һͷ죬ֻ߿УŸոպɫĵطһ޴ĺڶڶ֮У籡һаޱȵϢһɹɺɫĻͬ޴һ裡
ǡ
ռͨ
ڳʮȻǼʶ㣬Ǻܿ壬ͻȻֵĺڶʲôʩչĹһռͨ
⡭ռͨҲ̫ˣ
һʱ䣬ǿռͨͿʼӳȥռ˴죬ָоһɫƾճ֣·ǿƴһ
˵һĻڳʮдˣ
ΪǴƬɫ֮УʼһӰ飬޾ԶԶȥǷɻһ㡣
ǡ
Ԩħ
Щ꣬ʮȻ֪ԨħҲʶǵӣۿĺӰԨħʲô
Ƕʱˣڸ߿֮еĿռͨǴӺڰԨģ
֮ѾƻԨħȻʧȥǿʱʮ죡
֮ǰ̲Ǹʮ崭Ϣ֮Ϊ··ػǾ㹥ʮҲûʲôЧ
ڣħ֮ĹĹƺ׼·չص׶Σʵ½͵㣬ħ֮ĹĹոյĹҲݻϾ칬ͬʱ·˲õķ
ʱħ֮ĹĹٳ֣ҲԨħһɱ
ƼԨħȫ
ƽٴսĻʹ


2239 λħ
޾Ԩħʮ߶ͷƤ顣
ԭЩҲ·ƼǿǱڰԨͲһˣߵǸ
Ԩħʵʮܱȵģʱ䣬īó·ĵǿʮߵʵڰԨĲҲ
ô죡
һʥ½񽹼˵ǰԨħƣû˭ִܱݡ
ǿѪȡײСֱǵĶħһ壡
û·ˣΨƴһսѣ
Ʈ˫ĿսƣȴǵģܿȫûĽ֣أʮ챻ڰԨ̲ҲսҲҵսɳ
ܲܣϣ
οڣʵܶ˶ڰԨ֣Ӧòܴõӻˡ
֮ǰ˵ڶαչҪ֮ãڻһ꣬Ҹոħ֮ĹĹˣ˵ܵ˼Ӱ죬أ
ָؾǵĿԺС
ûʲôػôΣһΣҲػˣ
Ѿʱпˣ˿ޣΪһս
սף
ɱһɱ׬ˡ
ԺڰԨĶħʮߵʿûнȥڱʱжѪԡ
Ȼû·Ǿƴһս
η޴塭
һɳƵںڰԨĶħ֮УһȫźɫƬ϶ħЦţ飬ûĸܹܵסµռԴḻʮѾˣóˡ
϶ħڴħǴħĹʦΪλ񶥷壬ҲǴħˡ顱֮ĵһˡ
δħĸߵȶħͳ֮£սʮ졣
˵ĶԣûĸܹܵסµԨħҲˣǴڵʱ̫ãýĹˡ
һΰƮƮħʦԡ
ʮΨһһʱͻλģҲīͳһеĽԴϵԭ򡣿ΪøȣǶʱˣ˼ôࡣ
Ƕħһ岻ͬǧǰ𣬶δܻǣȻǳסĨɱǾ͸ôִˣʮǶħһģǣƬպΨһˣ
ǴսذܣͬʱҶħһΪҲ
һ϶ħվ˳ڤͬλ񶥷ʵƽʱǡڤĴˣԶԡڤϢ
ǳ̲ϺϷ۷ʱνĶħ߹٣٣
ʮһСħɺ޺޵˵
߹δ̫ˣǿҲûгԽûлˣ֮ǰħ֣Ѿ˽˰ɣѵָؾǣ̫Цˣ
ԨħȺ֮Уһͳ𣬵λλ񼶶ħˣħᣬħ̫ϳϣЩ꣬ħͼڼħˣħ̫ϳϵĴĪĹϵ
ħᣬǸдģʱԨħѾ֪ʮչصǵںڰԨĹڵھųϡ
ںڰԨôħħһСαװɸߵȶħˣˣǻΪǺڰԨ³ֵţδԨͼڼħЩ˷ɵ飬ܲŭ
īͳվ˳ӭħڤλ񼶶ħ
һս֮УսԱȼΪҪλλսԳܾãһλûж֣ԳֶԸ͵ȼߣǾͽһɱˡ
ʮĸǲ٣
һߵȼħЦţڰԨο㳲еλ⣬һκŵλ
ʱҲվ˳
ʮ죬ֻһλ
ϳīҲ
ֻһҧվȥСħȴסҸһ𣡡
λ𣬼ֻģҪԽսҲףСħɵĻǾͿӦˡ
Ȼ˺ȥԸһλֻᵼʮ鲻㹻ĸֶԸڰԨλ񣬽ǻᱻɱ
ʱңԶգһӰֱɶٶȾˡ
Сħ΢΢һȥдϲˣĽܷѩ
겻Сħɲ֪Ľܷѩȥʱ֣ѩ̿


2240 ʵ
ǧħ֮ǰĽܷѩһ˶ʤѩȺħ
Ŀɭֳһտ˫Ŀ֮Уɱ糱
㡭ħ̫ϳ۾ĽܷѩĽܷѩϣһʶĸо
Ǻˣħ̫ϳ˵䣬ȴ֣ĽܷѩߣһȺ߼ٷ
ȻúԶħ̫ϳϻǺܿϳˣ˶̫壬Щ̫ߣ˼ֺڰԨϢ
ħ̫ϳĿһ뵽֮ǰĽܷѩϤУͻȻЦˣҵ˭ԭǻƽ˵һǧǰǴӺڰԨ伣ԭǲصʮˣ
꣬ĽܷѩںڰԨ̫֯ǵҪ־ħᣬ̫Ĺģȴ벻ħ̫ϳϵķۡ
һȺ϶ѣȻһɣ
ĽܷѩĲ£ǵڰԨ̫ūЩˣôŬҲû취ﵽ񾳽磬ԺڰԨĴȷʵ𲻵̫á
Ϊ׵Ľܷѩȴħ̫ϳЩɵ
ĽܷѩΪƺһ˿ŵλ񣬿˵ĸоƺλˡ
ʵѾ൱˵ãҪ֪ڰԨʱĽܷѩѾ֮䣬Эɱħϣֹô꣬ﵽʵȻţҲǲܱ˽ܣϾѾˣĽܷѩˣмߵ츳
Ŀ࣬Ȼڤ粻飬죬ȫµɣ
ԨħǣȫħǰУһȥʮ
˻һǧǰڰԨ񼶶ħһٶ
һħ֮Ĺ֮Уʧ˶ʮħֻʣ°ʮ
Ԩħǣ֪ħ֮ĹܣҲ֪ʮħôˣ֪Ҳûãûѡ񣬱ħ֮ĹĹ
Щ꣬ħ֮ĹĹΪ޸ĵ۹ǺϢɱһЩ񼶶ħ֮ǰۿƣͶȥĻҲȫħ֮ĹĹɱˣ޸ħ֮Ĺϡ
ڰԨʣµʮħħ֮ĹĹһȫɳˡ
Ȼ˵ڰԨ٣Ҳʮܹġ
Щ꣬·˽·۰Դȫ˳д󲿷֣ϣʣԭͲ࣬ʮѾǼˣʮˣ¡СħɡֻġŶԭԼҲͻſܡ
ҳЩ֮⣬ڰħ޺۵ˣȻͻʵҲǺǿ񾳣ԱЩͻǧϹ˵вġ
ʮ½񣬼ʮԭе߰˸ټī컯ʥʵ졣
ܹʮӵеսʮ߰ˣڰԨһ붼
˴룬ǾͲøԶˡ
֮ǰʮսʥ࣬ϻģҲڰԨķ֮һ
ʵ޴
ǰȻ޵ֿ֮ǼǧóɴĻսҲС
£ʮͺڰԨս֪
ɱˣ
̤ƽʮ죡
ȳֵģΪ׵ʮλϵԨħһѪڣɱ죡
һ֣飬ҫ۵ħ⣬ɽХ
ʮһʾīĽܷѩΡֻġСħɵһ֣ͬմ˲񷣬޺ĺˮϣ˷
ǵһν֣ҲǽλϵĽ֣һͬʱϳɱ̽ʵش󣬹غ˫ʿ
ۺڰԨʮ񣬶ȫ
ǳѪգ⽻֯һһľ޴⴩
ĶԾ֮Уʮ죬ʼռƣĽܷѩСħɡΡˣҧţʱǾԲƣ
ʵʮڰԨСģǽϸ߼սʮ첻ȱš
ħʦЦһȻһ֣ħսʮԶʮ߰˸ľ޴޷ֲ
ƴˣ
ʮһе񶼳ˣ
޺ˣͷ޴޺и޺ޣʱҲ׳Լ
Ȼǲ࣬޷ֲ
˫ĵһνֻ޾籩֮󣬺ڰԨħǸûĶ٣Ȼʮȴһɫѿʵλ̵Ѫ˿
һֽ־ˣȥ֪


2241 ˴
ʵ֮ǰСǣ
һħվ˳ЦſʮߣԭΪʮʵԱȺڰԨͬѻʯҲû뵽ںڰԨʵ֮ʮ칷ǽȻô֡
һսȻڰԨʤһģҲḶСĴۡ
ΣԨħڰԨ׳ΪʮˣͬʱҲöħһ꣬ͦһЩҲֵõġ
Ĵλ񼶶ħʱͬʱ֣ȫȵħӿȻȴǹʮߣƾĹƳһ޴ͼ
񼶶ħ󣬺ڰԨǧһͼ֮С
⣬Ҫƴˣ
ʮ񣬼ϰǧǺڰԨȫ񲼳ɴһ֣һ֪
ߵĴģս˵ս÷ǳǷɢĻԻᱻսɢ
ڰԨѾսʮΨһӦԷʽǾͬսڰԨӲӲ
ʵԶڰԨ£սײʮȻ˲أ
£µǺȥ
һսû˱ܶʮߣȳڵľѪ͸֧ԼǱܣ
ˣűһսľġʱûĴңҲûΪѾ·ˣ
ʮƴһսһ̣˽£޺ֿһ߲ʯ̨Ӻ渡ա
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ʮѾͶ·ʱͻȻƣޱȼ·ֵܳĻôǰĶħҲΪˣ
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ѵһʱ䣬ܳأ
ܶʶǼĪĿܣǲ֪ΪóʱǰѾ˼ħ֮ĹĹȴ׼ĳ֮գǰĴսΪľǻ
ػ˻ʱһ£
ʮ߷׷սȭͷ֮ǰȴֻҪסһʱ䣬ǻ·
ֻҪܱʮѪҲȥΨһĻᡣ
˴ʮߡ
ʱûԥǽԼе˴֮С
ˡ
Χһ޴ĹĻ˷俪Ԩħսҵײһ
ħˣʮԨħ˴ײ˲䱬Ѫ࣡
Ŀµײ֮£ֻһ˲䡣
ˣ
Ĵħȣʮķǵ֮⡣
û뵽Ȼȱ£ڱչгָǵս
ǲĴ㣬Ҳ֪ոմʮػһʱ䡣
ִ㣬Ȼöħһ֪ǻһ֮ƴ
СӣͷȻ
ߣһʱˣһֻزĴ󣬾ڹǣΧŴ飡
Ĵħܿ쿴˴ġ㡱ȷʵֻزĴ󣬶ԣסӮˣ
ȻҪڶħΧ֮סһ£̸ס
ղŵײȻʮħȻʮߵҲúö١
˸ոȼ˾ѪǱܴģҲкܶ˲ˡ
Աˣû˵ػҩȫó߷ã
˵ΣҲֱӽԼֽ乱˳еҩһԵó
ţƮȵҲŽ˽˳塢̫Ҳ׷Ӧ
һǳ־սϡҩʯԵ󣬱ͳﰲţʱҲû˽أҶףֻЭſܶɹ˽٣


2242 ֵ
ֻزѣߣ
ǿȴڱչأֱħˣµ󷨣Σ
Ԩħַ֣鵲ǰĴǿем޵ģֻҪﵽޣȻ飬ʱȴʮߵģͻһɱ
ȻЩħǣǵľħһһεĹ֮˵ɫȴЩѿˡ
ⷽļ̶̳ȣǵǹôãĵࡣ
ô
󷨣ЩаšǸչжܲĴ󣿡
ԨħǣЩ¡
ʵǣ˴еʮߣ󷨵Чסˡ
ڴ֮Уĸоṹ
ĹԲڶһĵǣԨħĹƽɢֵÿһϣѹ͵С
Ϊ˴󡣴еĹ־죬Щߣеˣһ󣬽˺󷨱Ľһ
Ԩħʵεȿ£ʮаǧƼڴˣȻһ󷨵ס󷨵ˣڱչء
ǿֲ࣬ħ˻ӡ
ԭĥƣȻжħһ֣һ𣬿ǲˡ
ıսǵսǵķش󣡡
Ϊ׵ħϣǧħʮħսֱӹ˴
Щħ֣ǲŽһʱ䡣
жʮ죬ֵһ̣еŬḶ
ۿԨħҪƴʮһȫѪת죡
ǵʵڰԨȻƾ˴ڰԨĲ࣬ˡ
ʮĶʮ˸˴Ķʮ˸㣬һǧ˰ƽɢڴֵܣ㾡ȫԨħ
ԨħʼˣֻԶգѾħɣ
Х̴أħĹ˴֮ϡ
䣡
ͬǧٿǳһըʧ޹⡣
Ȼ˴ػȴҲ޷ȫĳ˴Ĺ֣ˮһ˷ɢ
׵Ķʮ𣬳ܲסĳѪĵɳȥиڵ֮нⱬ飬Ƕ
ˣ
ⳡĩս⻹ʮ״
ʧƲ࣬ȻǶֻ֪ǿʼ
һ֮ڣֻǹȥ˵һѡ
ʱƣսİȻĻԽԽ߱ȻҲԽԽࡣ
⽫һ׿ıսΨһȥϣǡֵף
ˣ
ε˴л졣
ȥѾȱȫʬ屻ǵͬݲݵֽ䡣
ʱû˰ˣû˵Ϊǲ֪ʲôʱԼҲһ߱ʬ屻
һսܽǵʬõᣬǱҲᱻ׷ΪӢۣʷͺǡ
˶ˣôǵʬҲűңЩԨħЦΪȥū
ʮߣžҩѸٵķַȥ˿ʼϢΪ֪Ҫʱ䣬Ԩħһιͻᵽ
ֻزôԨħͲ١
ǣÿײһЩˣԽˣǵķͻԽԽºԽԽ߽࣬⣡
ͼ壬ȻôѲ
ĴħɫЩһιɱսȻǽܡ
вȼ˾ѪָȻ⣬ǵĶħû˭ȼվѪָٶȣǿ졣
һֱĥȥǱɣ
ȼվѪߣڤһ⣬ôˣÿγһȼվѪҲӺܾˣҲǻôãҲħ˵ķԸҪǣȼգҲȼգţЩ˲֪Ѫĵرֻ𼶵ĶħȼվѪҲܽǿյѪ
ӣǣ
Ԩħ׷׿ʼѪָʵ
һɷ죬ȫɱڣ˴ʮ߶ĸܵ
Ԩħˣ˲һʱ䣬ǾٶȻָ۷״̬
²սҪ˺˴һΣǵвٶħѡȼվѪ
ֲۡ
޺ȣĴλħǷһ˿Ц׿ԼһΣҲҪڴˣ


2243 һ֮
ˣ
֮УǧԨħһ𣬻ûһ޴ħӰ
ħ񣬾棬ɢſֲѹӲ
ʲô
һ߲ܶŸոյϢϣվ޴ħּѹֵĸо
˴ħƣҲЩ
ΪһЩʮߣסɫ԰ףߺ
ս󣬱֮ǰû´Ļսħƣ
˵īȻһʮܱġ
ħƣһݣħ֣Ѿ˵ˣħƺħ֮Ĺĵߡ
ķ֮ӳһԨħȻҲҵθߵӳǵǿˡ
ЦһʶһսԭĻҪࡣ
ܶħսʲôƣʵʮҪģΨһģƴȫֵһС
𣡡
ħһɽӣޱߵҹĻһɱʮߵĴ棡
꣡
˴󣬷˲ظĴ죬һơ
Ի׵뵹ɳȥ˿µĳǾǿеСҶһ㣬ֿ񼶵ľ£Ҳ³һѪȾѩ׵

֮УʮĲҽӶ˳ܲסŰ
ĿǰһϢ˺Ƭ
籩ֻܱܵһ飬Ǿ˲ǣ
ҵͷƤ顣
籩Űһʱ䣬ƽϢ޺ˣʮߣս˶ʮǵкܶˣʬǶҲˣֻѼһЩģѪ⡣
̫ˣ
ȥˣʮкܶѾǧʱ䣬ڸڵĴμ磬ףȻĴսУȴԵޱȴ
߲ȱȫʬ壬ʮߣж˱׳֮С
Ȼûͣȥߣǲε˷ԸͿʼ׷״Ϣ׼ӭӽҵս
£û°ɣ
Щľµƣʮֻʣ¶ʮ˸ˣ˽ǣʮ˸ÿһᵼȱһǣѹ
á
ŬЦЦʾԼԼս
óһöҩݸ£ʾϢ
񣡡
Զɫ΢΢԰׵Ĵħʦ޺޵˵ղŵһͼλý飬Ҳļ
Ȼ˴󣬵ƣԶô鿪ۿţѾ޸ˣħľ󷨣ĻҪǿ
ߣֵܼʱ
һ־սʮͺڰԨչˣÿ죬ʮ߶еʱʮеʱʮ
ѾϰսȥĿ̫֮Щʮǣηˡ
ʵϧǵ帲𣬺ǵԨħūȦţʲôʱ׸ʲôʱ׸
սʮ죬ʮʧˡ
ˣо˵أǾʵʵϾµʵλٮٮߡȻγħ˵شҲģ
£ҲûǰߣΪڵҲ
ʮ죬ʮѾİٶˡ
˴ԣǶʮ˸ȻҪǴĸҲز٣һǧ˰ӵսҲҪ
Щսȱʧ˼ʮʲôʧ˼֮˴ǿԴǰˡ
һδιԽԽָ࣬ҲԽԽ
ʮߣԸеѹҪ֪ںڰԨһǼûжħֻһЩħΪȼվѪȣʱԵǰ
ʵһֹ£Էóսսʮֲסˣ
ھҪʱ䣬Źȥһѣ
ܼһôû˸ұ֤
Ҳһ֮ڵ֮ǰʮѾȫս
ӵʮ쿪ʼԨħĹ滺
Σεʮĸ߲ȴû˿ɵĸоӳأѾʶǱ֮ǰԨħŸӿֲĹ


2244 а
Ԥϵûдħһ壬ȷʵڻȻǽĹȴȫʮ֮⡣
ڳ֮Ԩֵĵʮ졣
Ȼӿĸ߿գ񷱻˺ѣһռͨƾɡ
ռͨ
ռͨʮ߶һ֮ǰħ֮ĹĹĹԨ֣ͨռͨɵġ
ͻȻֿռͨʮ֮˾ںڰԨǾԲʲôϢ
ǺڰԨԮ
ѾֵԨͼǱϾ·ԮǱɣ
˵ʮȾѪû˻ɣǿռͨɱԨħԮôǿڶʮ춼ֲ
𣡡
һ춯صӿռͨд
ʮĲһͨռͨĲһ֧ħĴһ޴ħͷ­
ħͷ­ѪȾһ㣬ȫȼɫĻ棬ߺͿһǧһڸ߿յϺɫǳ
ħͷ­һ֣ʮ߶ʱܵһɿֲѹжк˴ΪѹȻ
ʲô
֪
ħͷ­ʮ߾Īһֻͷ­ĹҲԨħ
۶Էʲô·ʵǣħͷ­ǵĴС
īͳŸ߿еħͷ­ɫЩѿ
λǰʶοīͳɫѾһ£ȻͻȻֵľ޴ͷ­ʮǿ󣬲Żīͳˡ
ָֻīͳħͷ­˽ˡ
ûĻ޴ͷ­ǡͼڶħ֮һаīͳ޵ˣǰϹŴսʲô龰
һȫԾаôܣ
ʮڶ֪ڤ顢۶ħ֮ĹĹķħ֮ĹĹΪ˱չأѾںϡ
ͼڼħа桢ĵȵȣǶѾˣڰǰǾѾ·˺Ͳɱ
аȷˣͼڼħģħ֮Ĺнܺڰ䣬ٴһͼڼħ
īͳĻӿһɾУͻȻһͼڼħǿǽڳԽǿߵĴڣ
ԨħѾֿټһʵ֮ϵаôǵĽֿ֪
˴˲䱬ɣ

ҧ촽Ŀһչصλã̾ϢػôΣȴһζ޷ػô
Īţǡа٣ʵȴδôǿͼڼħ˵ͨڰ俼ģʵǶħ֮ĹĹħ֮ĹĹԼֿͼڼħڡ
ڣħ֮ĹĹչأҪ۾ܶ޷һġаǰа⼸ٳɵģʵӦԶͼڼħ
īͳ˵ţаѾչ˹
һſ죬һѪɫ⣬⣬ں˺ڰԨħȫ˴ֱ

˴͵һʵǣǱһˣ
Űʮʮ߾ȥɲǼҷۿҪʮߵĴ󳹵˺ѣǧһ֮ʮǿļˡΡĽܷѩīֻġСħɣ컯ʥʵ죬߸һͬ֡
׵壬͸֧Լ֮һն
ȻԨħѾõһǿαɾ޴شؿڣֱ۹ۣ嵹ɳȥѪ
ĽܷѩֻġСħɡˣҲ˲оһа֮ӿǵ֮УԭڵѸٵģһǳǵ磬ɱ֮УǸоԼѾ
ǰ
ӣ
˾Ȼʱ˵ô࣬Լؿڣٵ˵޸󣡲ϧһдۣ
˴˺һӣʱѾԨħȱڳ˴ˣ
ɱ
ʮ߶ѾۣһеԨħɱȥǰ߰˸Ԩħֱӱַ֮ɱʬ޴棡
βƣǿһԪſοռ䣬˴ȱڡ
һʱ䣬Ԩħ⣬ЩѾ˴ԨħûͷĲӬĻ֮Уֲþʵ
Զ٣Ԩħٵնɱ˴ҲڻĻָȻʱȴû˸˵
εӲ԰ûһ˿ѪɫһˣΣԨħ´ιлָˡ
СħɡֻĵˣǵҲֹۣһΣǻʲôסԨħĽ
ʱ̣Ҫô


2245 Եػ
սǰδеĲңʮ߲ϧһдնɱԨħ޸˴ʱͻȻ䣬Ӵȱڣ˸Ԩħһеĳ˽
˸ԨħûܵοռӰ죬˫ĿѪ죬ĿͬҰޣƺʧȥǻۺǡ
Сģ
Сħɾ˸ϣСħɸܵһаʮϤħ֮ĹĹ֮
ٽ˸Ұһɱ¾Сħɶʱʶ˸¸ħ֮ĹĹƵĿܣ
Ǿڤͯһħ֮ĹĹģη
СħɸҪС˸ҪĶħʯɲǣս鷢ˡ
˸񼶶ħ˵֮оֱĶʮ˸񣬶ԥԱ
ĸħֱ̫塢ʥ塢壬Լ·
ĸħһΣȻǿʮ䣬ҪȴݻʮߵĹǣ
ǰ
һ̣СħɡĽܷѩֻĶγȥȻĸԥԱ·ͻȻټԱıͳСħɵ赲
䣡䣡䣡䣡
ԱǿЩ񣬻Ǳƣɱԥվеꡣ
ʮʮ񱻾˱ըķ粨
ذ֣
̫һ޺۱һԱըѣ⻹Ϊ̫߾ۼһֵԱ޺۶ҪǣΪ޺۵ʵвըĶħǿ
ʥһ㣬Ʈıӻʥȴشţһ½ʥΪǳֱڱըķˡ
ҵľʺ飬ͬ·ʮҲӪģӪһ𣬸ղŰ˸ħԱӪ˴ֵΨʺʵƵ£ʵҲ
˵óκһʵвԱĶħ˶ըУֱӲҽһը飬˺ѣ
ʱǸ顢ȥʥǶڵΡ
׵壬һĸħԱ
ĽܷѩֻΪεֵ籩νʵʵĳˡ
οռ飬ȫȾѪͬĺһ㵹ɳȥ
ǰ
СħɽסΣĿȫǽɫһսУǵĹǣγʲô⣬ʿܵĴ
ϼˣϲ԰ֽǡ䶼Ѫ
꺣˺ѣ͸֧ʱ伸޷ָս
īһۣ֪ε£ģϵ³
ʮ֧ε£һսô
ڻʣʮʱ䣬ԨħһǿԮȴʧأ˳ǿһ춼ֲˡ
һɡ
Сħɿչصĵطҧ촽
֪϶ǽؼıչʱڣһжϣҲǰ
ֻġŶɹսСħɵ֡
ΨһϣˣǼֵڣΪɱչأȻԽǵ󣬾ԽǼѡ
⻹ʣʮʱ䣬УԭֻǶ̶һ˲Ȼڣȴͬǵңɼ
ҲҪˣһƺҲʲôԽܵ鰡
СħɲЦһʱʮߣڴ顢ʺʥ½ʬ塣
䣬εĸˣʮѩϼ˪
顭
пǧ
ĳˣһֱ뽫ңǽ죬ˣȴһĸоȫ˲
鲢ʲôˣ෴壬˽ǽ죬ȴΪʮս
ⲢԸģҲûôУֻѡ
ڵʮ죬ʿаħͷӯɱʱȴҲֻ÷һУȥΪԼܻȥսΪ˶û·
˴֮Уգǰδеѹ֣
ûа취𣿡
̷һöҩЦҡͷ
ǰڰԨĴ¾ۼ
ղţһʧ˰˸񼶶ħ˵ʲôǻʮ
ĸλ񣬻Саûˣ
ֻҪһʱ䣬Ǿָܻò࣬ʱ򣬾ʮĩգ
ҲҲһ취
ʱ򣬳ˣЩ
ȴ˶һ
ʲô취
ǵ۾ˣȻǸǣѾûĿܣȻڵǳΪ·ػߣ׸ϣֻǼΪãϣҲãǶƴһȥȡ˭Ըأ
ȣ˷Ĺ
īһۣû˵
ʮĴߴûʲôȣ˷Ĺ֪ī˵ʲô
Сħȴͷһ

˲֪Ⱥͻ˷ĹСħɿȥ
Ϊһ̤·ʱСħڴż˽գߵһ𣬳Ϊޡ
֮ɱڤӣǰ··ĳǣμĳǵᣬ˴ĲƸ֮ǡߵѲݵҩϡ
ЩϣΪơԵ䡷мصһΪ̰ĵҩڿ췣
Ǹʱ򣬵Ǳ컯ʥʵҪʮֲף̰Ҫһ֮ء
ѡĵطȣ˷Ĺ
ط˴۴̽ģ̰Ƶú˳֮ڻ˷Ĺ
ǻ˷Ĺе쾰ȴСħɼ
Ⱦǣ֮⣬һػţ˲ŽƬܵء
ڻ˷Ĺ֮У̾һֻֻ޴ޱȵ꣬·ɽһ㣬Щ궼ˣֻʣӴ׳Ĺףÿһ׵ıϣһڸƵĵĹŹס
ЩײľͿ֪˷ĹһĹǡˡʲôСħȴ֪
ֻ˴˵Щνġˡʵǵ·սķľū֪ͣ١
죬īͳĻСħɲŶȻ˵ľ
˷Ĺģǵ·˵սʿСħͻȻڣ˶ǲĿСħһۡ
īͳͷǰɣİǰ̫Ԫʣ޶ʱ򣬻˽֮ʱطǵˣƳɿܣ󷨷ڻ˷Ĺ֮С
ЩʵѾˣǿԱѣһȥսǲ֪ʹҲûʶǵľҪǰͺܶ࡭
īͳһ˵˶һʲôطܽһʬܣʱ䣿
ǰ֪̫սҲ֪Ԩħ֪ٽ̫ܶԸطƳɿܣΪ˶ɹƾõ£սһ
Ǳ֮άִԼġʱ̫ˣҪЩܣҪط̫ڵĻ˵ڣ˵δ˵δϼһǵĻȴǳǿ
ǿǳ˯˰ʬ壬ͻȻǣҪעܣҲġ
īͳĻУʮһЩ֮
ǳǿǾǻܰ쵽ˣ˿ʵЩܻЩ˯̫Ȼһ֧ǿˡ
ȷʵܰ쵽ǻЩҪһλλ񣬻ʮϵϣЩˣҪ׳ԴҲ˵ͨطǵתƵЩʬȥҲ˵ϵˣȥ
īͳĻһ

ͬʮǵܻ츴
ʵϣѾʶ߻ȥôΪʩߵīͳҲҪĴ۰ɡ
īͳ̾һʮǣЩˣɶһһսܻΪʮӢۣݵĶȹ
𾳽ߵ˾ҪʲôʲôӵĪȨͼߵĵλȻޱ
һվǾͱûҴĿܡ
û˭ԸīͳҲǿκˡ
Ⱥ˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬һͻȻ𣺡ҡԸǣ
ͻ˶һ
ѭȥȴһվȺ֮У˫Ȼ´ɫƽǡ
һͨЩҫ۵˽ܣûж츳
ôãҲֻλ𾳽磬Ǻ··ԴҲƽ۷ĵز񣬻һ޴ǵǵһ޷Խ
УԵ÷ǳۣҲʶ
죬ȴһվ˳
ʶãȾѪİۣ͸ȺĿ⣬εϡ
ŻȾѪɫ԰׵Σɫӡ
ڣЦˣЦޱȴ
һˣȴһ㵥Цݡ
һֱĬĬעǰŮӣȴԼľԽԽԶȻֻܿıӰȴʼδƿĿ⡣

һ̣θоԼķ·𱻵һ¡
ˣѾǲ壬δ¶ʲôΣĸ֪ˣԺĸ飬ȴֻǴֿѡ
ԭһΪһֱĬĬĿ㣬ôһֱﲻʲôһΣܷˡ
Ժ󡭡չ˺Լϵĵ̫أ̫¶ܣһɣһȥ
ⷬԪεĶС
ᣬε¡
ػԡ
죬վһֶ˵
ں֮ͨҲվ˳ϷҲԸϣ
ͨǧˣ·ҲδͻԪʣࡣ
Ϸûмûˣսɳܱãͨ
ɡһվ˳ˣ֪֡
ң˴ӺڰԨȳģ˵ˣһ̫Ů˳ںڰԨǵħɳūгȳūĽܷѩ̫
ͲǵˣȴһӲӺɳǽ龰ĴˡڱһҲԸڱһֱĬĬĿ
ҲԸ⣡
ң
ң

һһվ˳Ӧƽᣬûʲô׳Ȼȴģ
īͳһ˼Ѿˣʮ㣡Ҫλ񣡡
һλλ񡣡
㻽ѻ˷ĹеϹҲȫ߶ħҪʮɱսλλһҲѾǼޡ
īͳ䣬ֻľվ˳Ȼ߳ȴһֱֻ˻
ʲô
Բϵڵ
㸸Ϊʮô࣬ѵĶȥ
첻ɷ˵ֱվīͳǰɣû˭Ҹˣ
컯ʥʣΪ½λ񣬶Ϊܶ࣬첢ķӳ컯ʥպҲܿΪ
ڸղţˣĿȴûа˵ĸооһͻȻÿյġ
ҲѾ˳ޣɣļ嶼ûˣһƲлڣڤڤָоƺȥΪ˸
Ƕμį£ʲôˣǣ޹ңֻأٻһв̡
ȻˣսɳҲǲĹޡ
ǰֻĻ˵ʲôīͳȴѾĬ죬ˣλ񡭡
Ѿ˼ǵĵ޺վ˳ոΪħԱˣδá
ɣˣû˼Դ
޺ʮ̫̫һ֧ͻ𣬶޺ʼձŸм֮ģǱʱˡ
ʵҲΪԼս


2246 
޺ǰ
ڵ޺˵ⷬʱ̫һܶ˲ᡣ
޺ǵ峤ǰ̫屻컯ʥ֣峤ս̫֮ĴС飬ǵ޺۸
ĬĬĵְλʱ䣬Ʈҡʱ峤ְλûа⣬ζųκѹ
īͳ˵޺һۣ̾һ·ˣҲǳ̫壬ǿޱȵ̫壬㵽˵ز
ðɡһˡ
˵ɨһһϢվ˳Ұɡ
Įƽȴһ
£
Ƕסˣվīͳʮ׼˴඼һˣһŴõ껪£պٽһΪλλ񣬶ǲܵ顣
̫ϧˡ
ӣ嶯īҲľպиߵĳɾ͡
΢΢һЦ˵ĲᣬսѾˣսҷӲʲô
֮ǰĴսУαˣȷʵѾ˵úˡ
ȻˣԴȴûīͳʩչȴ⡣
īԣֹ¿ԣ˭
Ȼϧܶ˭ԣΨһģˣʲôûˣȨǿ˭˶޷Ȱοʲôˡ
㡭
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īͳ̾һ˵
ʮЩһһ꣬ʱʱ䣬Ǿ͸ˣܶ˶ʶѣ֮ЩҪ
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ߣ˶ԣĬĬĶȹһʱ
εĲӰĺڷڶǰҲһοˡ
Իһλ𣬽Լƽѧ͸ѣǻȥһҪҸˣĴȥ
һʥ壬Ŀ𣬺ӣǽûʸⳡսֻɷʧʹޡ
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ȻӽֿѣŮǣźӵС֣Ѿ˯ӤǾͲᡭ
һĻĻڸš
£ֻһˣĴڽżį͹¶
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СħĬĬĿž£оһʮ
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Сá
ĲСڣӡһ΢Ĳлꡣ
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СõԴӡһ죬ִֹܹתĻֹӣô
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Сħһ¿еġȻǷӡСڵһޱ΢Ĳл꣬СħɲºĹ¡
ʣʱºԥվҲǸŮӵĻйأ¸оԼܾŮӣϣܳԽת
Сħɵģһˡ
΢΢һЦûж˵ֻǵǲܣͰһɡ
˵仰תīͳȥ
ȡȵȣ
Сħǰȥס˾£Ҳסīͳλǰûбİ취ôˣһҪҲ룬Ǹ˼룬ܲΪǷֵסǵֻһ㣬һ㶼ã


2247 һ
ס
īͳСħһۣ̾һºѣǱԴܡһɶ˾Ͳˣʣһ㱾ԴΪʧ̫࣬ʣµҲŵ
༸˽ҲֻǶ༸߰ˣ˸ĻǺսֽ˭أ
īͳٻǰ̫ٻɹҲ˵ɱеԨħսҪĺҲɡ
Ҫ˶̫࣬ǻôԨħս
ˡ
СħЩɬ˱Դ֪˶ٻԵĥѣָЩԵĥѣڱϣȴδظ
׼ô
īͳ
˵Ѿ˵һУǶ׼ˡ
ǾͿʼɣ
īͳ˵䣬£ֳˮһơ

緢һУڱչе֪һ
ıչأѾҲؼĽ׶Σ
ΪںٶȣѾһˣ
Ϊǿȫ飬ͷɢͬɲ
һ㣡ٿһ㰡
ļ٣һµʱֻǴ¹⣬ڣһеУʱ䣬ѹ
·Դӳħ֮ĹĹһ󣬾˳ߣ֪·ôˣҲ˲ˡ
ֻ֪ٲɱչأ˶Ҫˡ
ˡѡӣǧǧΪʮԡѪսͬ
Щȥֻһ˻ǻʲô壡
Сڣң
ǰһͷѾСϻСĺ
ԭıչҪһʱ䣬Ϊ˽ʱѹСҲٻϾ칬֮С
СڸѪСڵҲǴһһȫͨ
Щ꣬СھϾ칬֮ý飬ݸ
ԭһȻһЩСڸһһһգСٶȱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܱһܿһ֡
ԭǰͰڣѾһˡ
ְСؿڣָСѪ֮С
䣡
Сڵ·ˣ
ǿСѪģؿڣ̵ĺˮһӿȥ
ء
Сڷһʹĵ͵ű壬Ȼ֪Ѿؼʱڣ˵ʹˣǷǣ࣬ҲҪһɡ
Сڣס
СڵӣҲʹʱʹʲôأ
ĳڣ磬ϱǿ֮γ˾޴Уеģ
񱩵ܵʹһҲСᣬȫƤѪϵرѣƺ嶼Ҫը
һߣ;Ҫͣⱬ
ɷֻĲ죡
һ㣬һ㣡ںϰ
пķѾ㹻Ҫȫں磬ȴҪӴ֧֣
𵽽ӽ۷壬ʱ磬˽£ؿʼ
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Сħɺ٣۾һգգĿչصķܹɳأ
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СӸİɣ
֪ô˵ھͳ֣ҹζ࣡
ղŵĴսԨħҲСԭϢһٶʣڣҲ˲ôˡ
ħʦһƣƵ˲䣬ڶħһӪ֮УʮߵȶħͻȻ˫Ѫ죬͸֮ǰԱİ˸һģһ
ͬħ֮ĹĹȫˣϮɱΪȷ˳ɣħ֮ĹĹƵĽٸʵūͣʮ񣬻ʮ
ʱЩƵūȫʧȥжǱаһȥ
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龰īͳﻹҵ飬ǲ·ǲǸйأĸйأҲǵչؼʱԨħ
֣
īͳȣȫȼգԴ;Ѫ
īͳΧʮ𣬻ޱķ׸ԵܣǸоȫѸţȴԽԽǿң


2248 أϣ
Ļʹգعѣɺԣ·ѾһƬصľĩһ㡣
īͳʮɵ󷨣˰ܣһȼյ̫һһɺһ㻮죬˴
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Ƕ͸ȥˣʱīͳĴָǵֻά̶ֶ졣
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Щ̫ǰϵΪƳɿܣַӡ꣬Ϊ䣬Ҳλ
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ͻȻһȺ̫ɱԨħ󾪣ǲ֪ɱԮ
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±Ƴɿܣ󱻷ӡ꣬ӵλս󣬵Ƕôǿ
аſ죬һڽ̫ſȥ
̫ſܺԥа˲䣬תȫԱ˿
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죬аҽһӴ嵹ɳȥѪ°ͼ˺ѿ
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ǣΪ֮ǰʮĳսѾ˲ûüظ٣ʮ̫ſܾɱˡ
ɣ
ħʦһĳ̫ſһĳɵȫϣȫ飡
Ȼ˲䣬ȴԥԱ
ħĹʦƾžտΪǶ㿪˵ԱΧ߰˸ħûôˣֱӱ֮Уǣ

ħһĸ߲ŭΪֲҲΪģԨħǸûüս󣬱ʮ̫ǳ˴ڲ
Щ̫ȫûĸһԼҪУֱӱԨħԱ
һеĴ򷨣öħһʧᣡ
˺ͣ
ڤ󺰣ֵ̫ɢʮ̫ſУǵɱԹӳЧһͣǾͿԴ󽵵ʧˡ
ǲ̫࣬ſܺηǿģҲ߸λģλʵԨħԶ
Ŷħڶħָ߲սˣԽԽʮ̫ſܱɱΪ˾룬̫ܶſܾԱҲɲ̫˺
⡭
Զս˴֮еǶüͷôȥòһʱʱ䣬̫ſܾͻᱻȫɱ
ʱԨħϢһͻ˴ǻⲻȫûĽ֡
ǳȥƴˣ
ûùʱĿǰװΪȥ
˵ʮߣѾսڣʱˣû޲úҵһս
ţ̫ſܵڻ߳ɱȥȻܸԨħش
ǰϢ
ξܾ飬ս߲⡣
ǵĿ겻شԨħػ
ҡҡͷ̫ſ֣ҲԲԨħĶ֣һаͶλˡ
ټλλħǻô
ȥɱһ죬Ҳȫûʱ˭ػ
˴֮лָʵƾ󷨸Ԫ˵ԨħٻӸʱ䡣
ʱҲܳˣ
֮УɱԽԽң̫ſܼɱˣԨħҲʧ߰˰ʮ
֮ǰԱİ˸ба̳ԵļԨħλѾûʣˣ
˵ԨħѾʮ٣ֻԨħʣģλϵĸ֣ټ߰ǧ֧֣ʵԶԶǿʮ졣
ļ񣡡
ΪѹʽĽȴ⵽ܣĴħǱŭޱȣֱö࣬ϵڶδκζԷ
ʱħ˸ǶʱǶʮ죬Ѿ˶ʮˣˣħ˻ϳǣ
ħ֮ĹĹĳͷڳĸߵȶħɫúѿħ֮ĹĹ˱ʹֶΡ
ϧһдۣɱʽҲҪˣ
ܵˣ
Ԩħĸ߲ǶһۣҪʱа
аħ֮ĹĹһλΪٳֶ׼ͼڼħ˵ˣʵħ֮ĹĹֳһɱ¾Ļ꺣ħ֮ĹĹֽţħ֮ĹĹģҪʱ򣬿
Ǵ㡭а󣿡
İ취ֻˣǸ޷񣡡
ԨħţҪжʱ·𶯸Ӿˣ
֮ǰսʱ·һֱȻԨħæɱ˲ȥЩڣ·ʵ̫ǿңĴħüͷ·ؿʼˡ
ٶֲ̫һ׵Ԩڴγɣӿһֱ쵽ؾͷǿȣаǧˣ
·Ҫˣ
ԨħȻȴû˷ܵĸоֲԤУʱʮߵ·չصգ˸Ŀ⣬һֽڴ
ԨħǣеĲҲԽԽǿ
˴Уʮס˺۾һգգĿ˸ķ
ѵ
СħһȻ٣ղһ˲䣬ܵϢԽԽǿң
ˣ


2249 أ£
˻ʱ£˻ʱ³ˣ
ʱ򣬺ܶʮߣʶһ㣬·Ĵ𣬿¾صµġ
ˣ˵˻Ҫں·ԭ棬Ȼ̫⵽ô£ǼȻ·ںˣôΪĳضֱҲǲܵİɡ
ҽʲô
ԨħһĴħɫѾʮѿˣʱȻʶΨһĿܣǾҪˣ
Īţ
ʱ򣬼λħǿ侲ȻأδĳԽˣˣѾħ˴ˣ
ԣ˵û
ħ˵ţʱ򣬴زϱ飬Ŀ֮УһԺɫĳƽ쿪һƬ޴ĺ˸ɺԵ޺
Ǻ˫

һ߿ֱ籩֮Уɭɭâ֮һᴩգ
ĳˣ
âֻĿ⣡


ֵһɲǣĴħͫһ
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ʤеǿߡ콾ѪΪ͵ĵϣ
ĴħкȻһˣǸоһʱ᲻
Ĵ˵̫ˣħ֮ĹĹЩɵĶ֣ǻû֣ĵˣ
籩ɢˣ峤ǧľ޴̾ڱĴ֮ϣһǹһ¶վף
ͦñֱӣȴ⡣
ٷΰݣƤڣƺľѪ
֮ǰħ֮ĹĹһϾ칬飬Ǹʱ˲ǵҰУɿݽڵģ˲ⵣģǲʲôصˣ
չؽ³ǱΪָ۷ʱӣû뵽ˡ
ĸݣһͷҲҲһɢ鱦Ѿɲڵĸϡ
ʮߵĶںûУǲˣսж٣
ٺ٣ΪɱչأԽˣǿ֮ĩ;ƿݰˣ
ӣڤЦƺһ
ˣ֮ǰħ˵Ĺô£ΪǵǿȵĹħ˺ܶȫܲˣ
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ǿǿǿùħô
װǻƣΪǲ֪ıչԭҪʱ䣬Ҿ꣬㶼δܳɹοڲŹȥǧŰ꣬ɣ
ħʦѾѹеĿ־壬̤ǰƽ
չرħ˴ϣѾܵɣѾѪգƻڣսʣ¶أǿгأΪ֪ؾ·һôһζܰɣ
ĴħһԣһԽ˵Խǲû˵ûΪʵˣ
ʮһ߶ס˺ҲΪģۿԨħƹʶǰ߶˴
ʱСħɡֻġŶ֪ʲôһȫ͸
ʱ򣬺Ĵ˫ա
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ۿĴħЩˣ֮ǰ˵ţʵɫΪԼ׳ˣ˶أô֪
֣һħҧ˵
ǱѡٲԸѾأѵܲɣ
Ҳ˵ܴܲӵӻȥħ֮ĹĹҲ
аȥ
ĴħĬʱĸ˭ҳ֣аڵĻӡȫаԱը׵սʽ
а̺ǷǳֲԱͬһųǱԻһУ
ӡһаͱȫˣ˫ĿѪ죬һ˹
ɣôΪᣬһͷͼڼħΪᣬҲĿˣ
һҲǺңϧħˣעҪ𣡡
ħţҲҴߺΪԼ׳ǽԵעаڣһʱ䣬аһ
ʱʮҲаҪԱôӴһͼڼħԱǺεֱˡ
ʱɫƽڳȫ͵а֣أģһգ

עаڵĴħͬʱУһ˲䣬ǸоԼ֪һɿֲжϣĿţʹǳа·˲䱻һľץסѹ

аͷǱѹºֱըѿ
Ѫ⣬Ҳɢ飡
ⲻıըǴѪıըֵһ˲䣬аڵѾƿأըˣ
Ѫͬɽһ㱬аѪⱻ飬ʳĹ죬аͷǱɹͷӵ
ĿģͷƤ飡
Ĵħǵɴ۾ķˣ
Ѿϵܺǿǿôû뵽һĹ⸱龰
ǳмӲͷǱŵаȻˣ


2250 ֮ǹ
аɱԨħʵе𾪣ڹ֮ǰѾĴ㡣
аԱûԼˣǲ֣аóǹᴩ߱ԲƥеȵȣҲ֮С
ôҲûϵСǳһ޴аȻһֻһˣ
Ǻεȱ̬
ڿʮа˾˱չأҲ˵ѾﵽԽľ磡
ʵﵽļ£ͬʱԲ̤˾磬·ˡħͬľ磡
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׼ȷ˵ֻ̤һ˲ڶħǰԨħЩСʱ򣬶ԨħԣǰΡΡ
Ĵħס˺
ѹʵ̫ˣѹǺѣ㷢䣬ϱ˳صĸ̲סҪڿС
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߶ԣūӡĴħȻҲԸýūӡķʽȡڣҪħ֮ĹĹս
ǣٱħ֮ĹĹɱԼ»ָˣ
ħĻ̥Ľ飬Цˣ֣Ԩħס˺ǲҪʲô
ūӡҪɱǣ
һаɷǣܶңֻҪſǾȫվŵӬ޿ӣ
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µħס˺Ҫʲô
֮ǰɱаҲֻһѣͲɱЩˣʦڰɣ
ԨħʮҲǲ⣬ۼԽԽǿ˽£·ҲԽԽ죡
һǰδеľ޴ѷ죬·룡
·ǳε״ȥһֱ·Եڣ·м䣬һֲѺۣ
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Ļó֮ľĪǡ
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ˣԨħʮȫˣ·֮£Ȼһ˳ĽԲ壡
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Ǿ޴ޱȣ֧ʮ޳ͷǺɭɭļУں޹⣬ɲֱһױ

ѵ
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Ҫݻٵģħ֮Ĺ硣
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ԣ⻹ǲٶŲգѾ˵ԭ棬Ҳʼˣ
ԭΪ죬ԭһ޴ޱȵľ磬ûʵʻʼԭʱ򣬻Ҳж˸ԭľϵ
޴ԭ棬ʼ
ããǺУԭһ޴ӰʣòҲȫģ˸
Ӱֳų̤֮ͬӵϹ̺֮һ޷ݵѹ񶼳ϻ̳Ͽ֡
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ǸӰ񣬷·Ļһ̣ıƺҲִֻء
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Ԩħʮ߶סˣǡ
֮ʣǾ޴ǻһ⣬ǹ֮У
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ĴħܣӴѹ£ǵ嶼Զһ£ǸоԼڵƺҪħǹˡ
Ӱ֮ǹںϣһĻ롣
ѵǡ飡
Ժлһ⣬·ǹԭ飡
һеĲãԼģ
ֻߣ·ԭд룬ں߷һ
糹֮Ϊ˱ķʽ
ԹžѪǹ¶âѪɣ
ǰǧԨħͬʮħɫĮ˵
񣬸ӲһɲΥѹ

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ǹƿգ˲񷣬ҽǧԨħɿֲ֮·׷ױ飬һѪţ
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·ΪǹԭΪǹ꣬꣬͡
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ת˫Ŀͬ磬һ̣ϵս⣬ͬ籡ǳ


2251 ʱս
ʱ˿̣оԼȫе֮ǹ˵һʵһ֣ѪϢ꣬硢ųӡһ𣬲ɷָ
һ壬ֱ֮ǹС
ʧˣ֮ǹǹһ
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֮ǹǹ֮ǰӿƾ޾ĻһڶһĿռ֮ͨǹǰɡ
籩Х֮ǹȻɳᴩأǳ
ôʧ˿ռͨУƺ

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ʱȻµȥʲôˣħ֮ĹĹսҲľսһսĽغʮδ
ռͬ裬ڿռ䴩֮Уʧȥ壬һδεƿռϱڣոʮ죬Խ̾ϢǽԾͬһ
ܿͷɵ̫˺ڰԨϿգ
˫Ŀɱ֮ǹֱɶ£
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ǹǴӾ׹һƲɵصĺɫرǹ֮ǹӲ˺˺ڰԨĵһ㣡
ڰԨʮ˸Ķռ䣬һĴؾǵڶա
֮ǹ˺һصͬʱҲ˺˵ڶĲ񷡣
޾֮Ϊ޴ڵĳֶ޵£ӵ߷ͬʱﵽںϾԣħ֮Ĺɢ֮⣡
ǣ֮ǹԨһͬʱеԨһİ֮ǹգ
ؿѣҰ󺣿ݽߣԨһ磬Ǳ˲
֮ǹǿٶȲԨĺ
ƿߵľˣԨ㣬ͬĶ
ٶ֮֮ǹԽԽͣ
ӿ籩ϯһһĺڰԨƿ֮ǹںϣһڴԨʮ߲㣬ħ֮ĹڵĿռ䣡
ļǵãԼ뿪ħ֮Ĺʱĸ롪ħ֮ĹĹħ֮ĹܹƿһУǾԵףԶҪħ֮ĹĹħ֮ĹսԼӵƿħ֮Ĺ
ħ֮Ĺεȼ̣һδܻ磬죬Ҫֽ򴩣
гǹΪħ֮Ĺ磡
ħ֮ĹĹħ֮ĹںϣֻҪ磬ͻᱻݻ٣õģҲΨһģħ֮ĹĹķʽ
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ħ֮Ĺ˺ˣųƲɻ磬ձƣ
һ˲䣬ħ֮Ĺǿһ𣬼³һѪ
Ũ֮Χȼգ֮ǹںΨһ壬ȼյǣ׹˲çأֱҳһµİӣ
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飬عѣͬĩյ龰
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ɭɭɷŨӵ۹Ǻ籡
ĸܵϹʹǸħаϢ
ԽԽŨۿḷ́ͬһڡ
һͷҷߣӺ߳ã˫Ŀǣɫҡ
ǹĹг˯ǧĸʬһ㣬һӲ
˫ԭǵ۾У¶ɱ
ĿħֻһЦûԭѾħ֮Ĺںϣϧħ֮ĹҴ飬Ϊϵ٣Ҳ֮ɢҲ˶ʧħ֮ĹںϣѾˣ
ħͻȻЦƺȫˣɱ㣬ֲ̣ʧһ޸ħ֮Ĺȥɣ


2252 һĻ
꣡
꣡
ħ֮Ĺڳı٣
ʱħѾͬҰޣͷǿݲһ賤ݵ˫Ҳצӣԭǵ۾˿˿ĺ⡣
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Σʥףǰħ
ս֮ǹ֣ʱͻȻһ𣬡ǡ
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ħۿߣһҧ׷ȥ
ʵҲǳܲ׷Ϊħ֮ĹѾˣҪ޸ħ֮ĹҪӴ
ڣһԨħȫɱˣħûԴɱħ֮Ĺ޷޸
ѵħ֮Ĺʧ֮ħ֮ĹԽԽ󣬻ͨĴǧһˡ
ʱҪݻħ֮ĹǾ׾ˡ
ħ鷢Ҳħ֮Ĺȱڣħ֮Ĺ֮ķ籩һɳ籩ħڵѪ
ٶȼ죬ħ׷ᣡ
һǰһ󣬲ռ磬ħǰǿ򿪵ķһ
ԽΥĸӦԽǿֱɵĳ׼ǰգһ
ͣ
ռ䱻˺ѣһֱ̣ץһҺɫ
壬ħ
ʱʱ䣬ħѾ֮ãʱѪĸодϲ
ԣħѾһˣĻ䣬̫̫ࡣ
һֱһ·֤һУ̤֮·Ϊһ콾ճԽ
ħȻֻһƷħĸ飬Ըᡣ
ȻźǣҵħҲûʥϢ˼ˡ
ʵ͸֪ǿȣ¸ʥŲ棬ڸ֪ʵ档
̾һǵǡ
ಣ
ħֱɶ
ȻֹסеħɫʱüΪѿ
ô
ħһʱûзӦħı飬ʹˣΪʲôħ
ԭΪħᱻħߣû뵽ֶΣħ˳
Ҳǣʵʱħټϵ۹ǺϹŶħѾĳ̶ֳϿħ֮ĹħҲѣ
ħƵ۹ǺΪ˸ħ鷳ָɱħ
֪Կħ񣬱ۿȥʱ򣬽ħˣ
ҪסħǲܵģֻǽȴҪ򵥵öࡣ
οħ벻֪ħ˲ֻΪʲôֶΣſ˵۹Ǻ
һæҪħ֮Ĺħô뵽ҪѾʱȥѰһ֪Ƿڵħأ
ΪħʱԼʥľӡǶħֻҪܵϢ˳ҵ˴ͺˡ
ǰллˡ
ĬĬ˵жԲԵ͸мȾ˽ܣȥҲֶͨ죡
ħħУȻٶԼʱ䣬ħ빲Ѫϵħƻ
֮ʯֶΡħҧгݵ˵
۾ƵĿħ֪Ѿħ񳹵ɱлҲˡ
ȻòĻ˵ǽѣȻȴ絶ʣ
֮ʥ֮ʮ쿡̫֮֮ȥ֮𡭡
һѪծֻɱħ񣬲Ѫ


2253 
ڰԨѾ׺ڰǡȫڰˣֲָԪıҲԽԽң·ԨҪһ㣡
ħ֮ĹǺڰԨĸħ֮ĹڰԨĸҲͱҡˣ
սгǹʼǰϵħЦ˼ͻȻ䣬͵̱ȥɿݵʼáŨܿͻһ̲ϡѪ⡣
䣡
Ӵ֮עȫעЩõѪ֮У
ħ֮ĹȻ˺ˣлǧ֮ҲɢЩΪħá
ء
ڿ籩Уħʹ຿УһŵĶħУбըѪħգ
ЩŵĶħԨǱ񱩵֮ǿо˽Ϊħϡ
۾âһĿħ񲹳Լ
ںħ֮Ĺһɵ㣬ںʧܣҵĶ֣
һ֮ǹɲǼûɳǹâǿԻǹУҪκʽκιܷӵ£
꣡
ɭǹâҫħɵһ̲Ѫⱻֱըɢ࣡
һ˻ۣұգ
ƬĿռ϶ǧһɻɵӿռ϶ӿ
⣬ǰһж׻𣬾ʱɵ֮УֳһʵӰ
Ӱ£׿Լ·ڰԴȪ
һ٣֮ǹʶͣˣһϤϢӿļ䣬д
ôᡭ
סˣǰһŮŵĲӣӿռѷл̤˫֣ԼĳȹߵСиоƺеȹŢС·һ㡣
ŮϤգֻĸо
ʥ
ôܣ
ʥ̧ͷһ˫ڵƺǧȻʲôû˵ֻ

˺һ̾һԭĿеľ¡㯣ʧˣȡ֮ģɭɱ
׵ģǹˣһǹֱʥüģ

ʥʧɫ˫Ŀ֮ƺ޵ίѹȻǹƲۿҪʥ
ʱʥϢͻȻˣԭΨӣҲŤɲ˫ֱצֱ˶

ʥײ֮ǹϣҽһһŹ档
ղһжǻһָľ񹥻ɡ
ħ֮ĹĹķۣħ֮ĹĹ֮飬뾫񹥻裬¯࣡
λ񼶵ߣҲȫ޷־񹥻Ȼʧأ̶꺣ݽ߶
ܻħҲˣȴҪǿö࣬۵ħٸҲܱǡ
ʥ֮䣬ĪľϵոճֵġʥȴȫûϵȻޱȱ棬ӵʥòϢȻԣֻһĿܰˡ
һٽɱҲеʹȻ֪ɱֻʥĻ󣬵ܣΪʥĲˣδ
㾹Ȼˣ
һͳɳƵը죬ţо꺣һɱʥһ˲䣬ħ֮ĹĹȻľ֮
ħ֮ĹĹ֪ħ֮Ĺ£Ķ֣ħʧȥ֧֣ȴں磬߷иĲࡣ
Ψһĳ·ľ֮
ȵĹĿħǴڻл꺣ʧصһʱ䣬ħĿȨ
Ȼû뵽ֻǼϢʱʶĻ󹥻ȫˡ
ħš
ʶУħѾû壬ͨڣ޴ޱȣȫ磬ƺûй̶ֻ̬һѪڡ
ħı壬бˣΪħ֮ĹУܺڰͼڼħͨԨħΪλ˾޴
Щͼڼħ˵˾Ǽ̳ħһ֣ű־޴ģ
оħľԭѾӵħ֮УҪĨɱԼħеľӡǡ
¶ɭЦݣȻˣɣ壬תã
ħ֮Ĺ֮ħʧȥԴУʵѾĽǻ꺣ᣡ
磬ħУͬʱ֮ǹҲ֮УֱӳĻ꺣֮У
ɱˣң
ħŭȻȴЩ㣬һ˿̿֡
ɱ˺ɱ֮һʵԼҲᱻɣ
ֳֻ֮ǹֳ֮ʯǧҫĻ꺣֮У棬֮ǣ˷Ų棬ӿ
ȥ
ħ񷢳˺ѷεĺʱưܣħ֮ĹڷٵţѾȫʧȥǣֻʣɱִˣ
ſѪڣɶ
ĿУɳʹ꣬һɿ磬ϯС
Ҳڴ˿̳ˣ廯⣬֮ǹΪһ壬ǹħХ
е籩һɲȻһâħĿУ
ʱ·ˣħȫͣ彩Ӳ˫ĿնãȻ
Ѹţ·𱻷绯ʯ˵ƣһâֱ֮
Щչղħȫʧȥħ񣬾ĳľ֮
ˣ
ħħüģ޴ħ˲飬ͬʱħ˺ɫУħıԴȫˣ
ǿԽǧӴ䣬ħϹŶħѾ޷󣬼ҪȫЩҲǲܡ
ֻҪѰҺٵһּ䣬ڣԼҪҵ龰
ҪѪʥʱʥ֮룬ֿ޾飬һɫľʯƬڻ۵Ĺ֮£Ӳͻ籩֮С
ǡ
סˣʥСбԴϾһͻȻֵĿռѷɵˣ
ռѷ죬ʲô
֪ӳȥħ֮Ĺʵĸ֪Ըʮˣûпռܹסĸ֪ȻһΣȴһ񡭡
ǿռѷ죬·δڹ
֮ԭڵУϸѰңȴδҵ
üͷ֪ѵʮ֮⣬һƽ磿
֪ôȥ磬١ڻδҵ
ҡҡͷʱȥ룬֪ԼΪûдﵽ¡
̫ˣʱʱ䣬ѣǧħ񣬻˰·ˣֱ΢
Ҳһ죬Լ̽еܣƿֻأ
ǸʱӦÿǰκεط
֮·ֹ֪Լߵһֱȥ
ڣҪʮˡ
֪Լӡӣʮ˽ǣڵء
ȫ꣬Ķѣ滹кǣҪܺƽҸһЩﴫǡ
1ǣڲϼԹעϼޱŹںţcjld_nֱӡޱѡӹںšϼ룬ƴǣcanjianҵϼţע
ںϻᷢϢżһ伫ĺǡ
ȤĶһ£ǵĸʱȽϳΪϼһ£ԿܻдıȽ⡣
2˵ݣá
ڵʥϿԴϾȥ硣
һµǣĹͬᾫʺͲ׳
ǻһЩΪǴԽġ
伫ԭסǴԽ
ǵģû´µĹ£ϿʼҲǸʵĿڡ
һȤĹ£ʵͬʱҲЩ⣬ϼţôϲġ
ԼʮѮʼɣ伫д̫ˣϼϢһ¡ĳȻ伫670ֵȷʵд̫ˡ
3󣬸ҽС£
˵Զŵʱһ˼ңĸܸߣԶֻ̣һŮһͷصĻţ
һ죬ܵϢŮ˼ĸףͶŸţ˵ܹҰѸ׽ӻҾͼ޸㡣
ţ⻰Ժ󣬾Ͷ뿪ңȥ״̵ĵط
һ֮ͷţĽ״ˡ
Ůøţ˴󹦣ţŪ˺ö۵ĲϣǸţȴԣһֱŮڴίŭ
ԭŮֻðԭί߸ס
󾪣Ůôܼ޸һͷţҪǴȥ϶ʱŮôˣ
ô붼òգùɱͷţȥţںԺľϣھȫţ硣
ŮھӹںԺˣýȥĸţ˵ȴȢϱ𣿽ɱαֿԣ
û˵꣬ȥĻţͻȻ𣬾Ůߡھӹֻ£ǰȥŮĸס
׻ˣھӵѰңһô֦мҵˡ
ʱŮţɲϣ˿롣
Ǽ˿ִֺ󣬾Ө͸ھӸŮȡջ˷ӯĲ˿֯⻬˿
ǰɣ
ɣɥʧ˼
ӴϰɣǽϵɣϣΪǹŲµࡣ
Сµ־ͽСϼţ
֣λǲǱ׵ˣţͶˡ
ȷʵһС£ǲϼ׫ֻǱϼԸĶ¡


걾
伫¡ˣϼдʮһʮ졣
ܹ671֣ǧʮ¡
ôʱ䣬һֱһңᣬһȻ滹к󴫣дһ伫βûн顣
伫Ĺ£ҪдĶдˣ˼º󴫣Ҳûʲôдˡ
˵βʵ伫Ľβ˵ʣ˵Ȥⶼ˵βɶû֡βԴҲʾΡ
һƪģʲôĽ֣˵βģ˿ͬ۵㲻ͬ۾Ͳͬ
вˣôֻҪβˣҪ˵һβҪɡ
伫о飬ˣеķʡӣҲˣﶼˣûнģҲύ
С˵ļܹһǣһ㿪ʼɢм֧ԽԽ࣬ҲβҲʼգй
βǷ񾫲ʣ⣬βǷ棬̬⡣
Դˣϼ뱣֤д伫궼ˣ伫ҵĺӣѵͲһ죬ҾͻٵԼѪ
˵ħսڲִ٣ҲǾ趨õģԭڷϴﵽǰ޹˵ľ磬Ƶħ̡ħ֮ĹѹĻʵǲġ
д̫࣬ͻиĶ߻˵ϼˮˡ
֮ôдϲ˲ϲϲ˾²ۣԲϼҪĬĬĳ²ۣѾϰˡ
ڿѵȫдʵļ¼Ƭ֪дʵģ˵ģοС˵񱱴¸ص˵ʱֻСëϯϯʱɨͼ飩Ԥϯǹ֮ҪѴҹŮ޸ϯС˵Ǳ²۵ĹѪˣǹ⻷ܱܲôԣǡʷ
Ϊÿ˵Ը񡢹ͬҶϰ԰ԼĹ磬Բϼ벻ÿ߶žú÷߼
伫Ȼи伫
伫Ȼbug֮࣬ǰսʵĲϼ֮ǰ趨ԭ治ָܴΪĸĶΪ˽Ͼ飬ǣǿСͲӡʶԭ򡭡
bugʮദɣдƪ̫̫ܻ࣬ЩǲõĶ
Ǵ߼ԴǺٵģֶ˵bugҲû濴飬ǲͬ˲ͬ⡣
д伫꣬ϼйٴ٣ǳŵʲôˣʧҲΰɡ
٣伫βĸ»³ʵдĲ⡣
ҵǸ
ʵû˱Ȳϼϣ伫ܾһЩܸһЩѾܾܾˡ
ܶϼ룬伫˵鲻ͨϼ͵ˮʵдһģͦ׵ġ
ÿдĵмʮߣɳʤ̭
ЩˣΪıΪȤǶһͬ㣬Ǿϣд飬иĶ߿ΪŬ
ܱҿС˵˵飬ȥ飬ƽһһûС
ڴ½ߵͳ̨дǰǵˣʮˣ˵ľʮּңûżĿй赸йӢ㣬״Ԫǿԣ缪˹¼Ϸѧ˶һлӿֳܶĳһضţ
Ϊһжƾ߾дһôҽܵС˵Ҫ˼ܶܶࡣ
ϼд伫ЩطҲʣҲкܶطĲãڻҲȡ˺ܶѵÿµ£ʵҲѱ֤ÿдʱ״̬дһΣҲδĸˡ
伫һЩطôʧҲܶ
飬Ҳ˵ĸãֻ˵һᾡŬȥʮѮ
͵ɣлҵ֧֣伫ȡ˺õĳɼںܳʱ䣬ռС˵ĵҲһǧ٣ںڵļ£ҲÿǼ١
һ㣬֮ǰ˵伫ϷĹԤԼдˣΪҵԭֻӦҪ·һ飬ϣұ҆£ǰٶ伫Σ¼ԤԼͼֵһǧҵרʱװ֮ǰֻˡ
ҲԹע²ϼΧ˵Χ֮ǰһֱûϣΪһˣһֱô˿ٵÿ걾ʱ䣬㷢ΧʲôģΧ֡ϼţ
⣬󴫻᲻ޱϸ¡΢ѡӹںšϼ룬ƴǣcanjianҵϼţע
лҵһ·顣
^_^


伫󴫣һ˻ʽ
ʮ죬ʥ콻紦ĹռУһƬ¿ٳĴ硣
Ƭ磬ֻж̶̶ʮʷ˳Ϊ˻ʽ硣
˻㾡ѧ˷Ϊ˻ʽʮڰԨٳġ
Ƭȵ·Ҫʮš˽ʥأ
˻ʽ磬أҲ֮͵֮أķ򹹽֮£˻ʽе·Ҳԭľռ䡣
ԴͷΪһ˻ʽ
ʮǸһ磬Ҳʵǵµռ䣬̺ͻԵǳˡ
֮һǰ㣬Ƕߵ֮·Թĺô
Ī˵һţҲõеĳЩС
ǣ˻ʽΪѵãȻ˵˻ʽ֮ȴޣʮ죬塢ʥ塢壬̫壬ŶɳҪӱ̸ף
ڡõ˻ˣ
˻ʽһ֮Уͳһʽ·˺˷ܡ
˻ʽͿ飬ɼﵽһ̶ȣԵõ˻һö
˻Խ˻˻һأڵ·
ɶɼ˻Ҳˡ
˻ʽ磬ںܶ˵·ãΪ˼·ˡ
绨˺ܴľôһΪԼڴԼĹУﵽ˺һ磬ڶ봴һЩᣬʮһܹɳ
ô꣬Ҳѧ̫̫ĹЩ޼֮
û䣬ֻҪ츳ͿԵõЩУ
̫Ҫˣʮǰʮٻôңԭ򣬱ʮڰԨʵ̫ˣôʮض
Ҫʮָǰˮ׼ԶԶ
ãʮֱĻ㲻Լ֣ʮҲ㹻ֿδδ֪Ľˡ
ʶ˻ʽʱ˻ǷѾ˼ྫĿ飬ҲĵΪÿһ˽
ůͳصˣĵرޱȵĹۺ죬ˣɶ㹻ߵĻϣǸ˽۵ΪǸ˵ļӣ
ȱԣܳΪ˵ļӸĻԵˣ
ﲻһʱǳΪ˵ļһӡ
ƽߣǴ콾ǸǰǰκݶûˣΪվ̫ˣһɽԣһʯӻһɳ𲻴ˡ
ֻҪܳΪӣһ죡
õ˻ӣȻǲϣõ˻ʸѾʹˣҪΪ˵ĵӣЩ˵ˡ
ʦ֣˵õɶȣһ˷ܵ˵ڴı顣
Ҳʮɣٶˡ
˵еĴʦҡҡͷĻһ㶣ʮôͣ
ˣǼڵĴ綼պȻϵ˻ʽܹ֮âûôҫˣʮɶȣʵе˰ɡ
žӡǸʦʼ磬֪ɡ
Ȼ֪ˡ
¸˳ͬһ磬е֮Ůʵ츳ҪʤһòҲһ
ۺ֣ڴҪ̫ˡ
Ҳſﵽʮɶȣ˻ʽĹ涨ǣﵽʮϵɶܳΪ˻ʱµĵӣʮϵɶǼӣʮϿ˻ʱ½һΣ¾ûˡµĿ꣬Ҳǽ˻ʹ˽һζѡ
⡭ʦֵĻ˶Щй
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ôѣﵽʮɶȣ˻ʱ½һҲף˵궼ûˡ
ŶΪʲôЩŽһΣҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҫ˵ֱչˡ

һۣое㲻˼飬˻ʱڶʮǰѾһˣħ񶼱˻ʱնɱϵ£һʵܼ˻ʱ°ٷ֮һôƴô
š֮·޾ͷ˻ʱһֱڿޣⲻʲôܣ˵˻ʱ»Ըδˣڵʵ޷Ըء
˻ʱ¶޷ɣ
һ£ǸǺεԸǸһҲ޷ɣ


伫󴫣 Ը
죬ʮ˻ʽ֮ա
˻ʽʱ䲻еʱΣʱȴǼһΡ
ÿһνʮһʢ£
ÿÿ˻ʽգʮ죬еţУ֣Ƽ˻ʽ磡
һ磬Ĵ䣬ֻҲƼء
ʱ򣬾أȴҲֻʹ߶ѡ
ЩɶǸʵȨҲΪڴһ죡
ʮĸû˭ԸĻᡣ
౾չصĴ֪˻ʽҴҳأֱ˻ʽ磡
һͨѾһĴ벽𣬶δʸ˻ʽˡ
ÿһν˻֪޲޲ȻƮ죬޷˵ģһжҪԼ٣ǾͿԵ컯ˡ
֮⣬һЩ׿Լ˻лϿɵ󱲣ҲԳϯ
ʱ˻ʽ˻ɽϣԲǧѾ󷨣ֻΪ˻¼ɶȴﵽٷ֮ʮϵţʸ֮У˻ʽ
ҪȻ̣ʮ̫ʸ˲֮ϣһӰڿдЩˣվʮƽʱһվһ硣
˻ɽЩȴޱȹ֮⣬ֻ߾ţٶȣ齢齢ʾ˻𾴡
ٶˣ˻ʱ¾Ȼֳؽˡ
ôõʱ䣬ʸ˸ˣһν֣ϧûʸ롣
֮ǰ˻ʽΧףõ˻ʦҲ˽֮⣬ų羴Ľ飬Щʮ˽ܡ
Ȼûʸ󷨣֤һʮʢ£Ҳ
ʢҪлܽһξͺˣ˵˻ʱ½֮ˣõ˲СĻԵ˵ֱͻƿģҲ֪ʵǿ󡣡
ģ˻ʱ½⽲һЩ˻ʱֻΧͻγɵ¾̫ߣһſֻ֮УˢѾõĪĺôˣ˻ʱ½һû֮УһԵ
˵еĴʦ֣˽⣬㽫֪һ渵ʦѪڣĴ˵ĻᣬȻ
ЩûõģǺúŬɣȡĻᣬھʸȥҲò̫ģǵʵһ˻ʱĵҲδܳס˻ʱµĵΪܲסε߲ò;˳ǾͶ˶ˡ
ǻԵͬҲǿ顣
֮ʱڷȻȻ¶ΧĿռϡ
޷ԭ˺һںϣĵɢ֮ΧĿռȻγһ棬ѹȴ˭ܳܵ˵ġ
츳ʵʮߣҲǼֲ
ʦ֣֮ǰ˵˻ʱ³˽ǱչأӲиΪԸԸʲôѽ
ʦ̣ʦͷԶĴƵ˵˵µԸһִֻأѳס𣬶ʮǰʮ̫ˣࡢʥ塢廹̫ǿ߶˲֪٣кܶ˽ܺӢǰ粻¡𡭡
Щˣܶ˻ʱµѣǶʦȴΪ˱˻ʱ¶սˣ
Щ֮⣬˻ʱҪʦ·ˣҲΪһս͸֧ȶߣδѡ
˻ʱ˻ʽ罨˵ڶ۹Ǻӡߵ꣬Щͼ֮Уڴгһգִת߸
ʦֵĻʦܶһȥ֮ˣܸ𣿡
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