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һ
ߣЦ

ݼ飺
һһ磬һһֻء
һлƽݡ񡱵硣
棬飬С磬ͨҽСһƷһ
ֻϧϲû̫
ֱһ죬״Խ֮Ž뵽һɷʱ
ɽٻŮĻ꡷ի־졷μǡ񡷡¾
磬͸ԡ


һ ף


1 
谵ķ䣬ʪĿټżȥó棬˰ࡢªĵطֱ졣
֮УȴһŻꡣ
ףɫ԰ף촽۽ǡ첲ȵطۿɼ˺ۡ
ߣվһСŮ
Ůò㣬ɫ㣬ϾȻһͨѪ죬滹ŷȻذס
磬ѻذʮʱΪһ˴ңʥһġ¡Уһ͸ҵġڣʹɡ
ŮɫȻĿһ̧֣꣬ذ׶׼׵࣬ʹȥ
Ҫ
ȻŮذѾһ֮ʱͻȻ˫ۣһûһһ¡
ȿȣ
˵仰֮׻ںѪ
Ѫûˣ
ŮϵѪҺ󣬸˵˵׻Угϲá
ȷſңҾһ
׵屾ͷǳڱŮһһֻԹȥ
Բ˸ڷǳ
Ůһ˵æɿ
ȵȣղŽҹ
Ů׷ſַ֮˺ﲻԾ
һˮ
ã
׵һ仰Ů˼
ŮæһĲˮݵϡ
⻹ǡõģ
׿ŲƵˮһ̲סˡ
ǰŮһڴ񣬾һ۽гˮһںȥ

֮׻³һ
ˮһε˵ĴԽˡ
ʲôԽŮ׵Ļһ䡣
˼Ѿˣǵ˵ظ֮˵δͰҸ߻ˡ
׽ԽĹ̸Ů
ϧŮ֮ɫȴ˲ѿ쳣
磬òô˵ĲĪ㻹ǸŮ˱л룿ѾƭеĲƲѵҪϵĺ֮λҲƭ߲Ÿ𣿡
Ůһ˵ţһúɸյס
֪׸û˵ѣ˵ȫʵ
ûײˡ
ԵϵһͨңԽǰеϺúţ˭֪ͻȻһ˽׵
֮׵뿪˴˵еĹ
ǣǸ֮󣬱ֵľȻ׻Ҫ𾪣ͬʱвͣųˣˡ
״Ǹʱ򣬹ȴͻȻһƣȻ׾ʧȥʶ
֮ʱ֮С
ԭ˻û׵ͻȻ룬ֱӾɢ꣬ǰһ䡣
ƾ䣬֪ԼԽһֵ֮С
һֻڵӰ鼮Żֵ硣
֮ڣ壬塢塣
֮Уܵ塢衣
ڣҲͣŵڼзѰ
֮⣬׻ӼƬУ֪Ҳס
׸ĸ˫ǸһϮйʮӵĲƲһã¡
²׵ãֻͬĸöѡ
ã׻һЩԼ겻ĵܵܡá
ǣװѲƲ˺Щ˾Ͷ뿪ˡ
Ҫѵļʱֻ͵ˡ
Уµļ䣬֪֮ϣûйĴڡ
֮Ҫôɢ֮䣬ҪôͻΪӢػ壬Ǳ塢ƳΪ
ĿǰĻ֪Ҳôˡ
й飬зϵ飬ֻܹԼˡ
һΣյ磬Բܹȥ
аһ䣬Ȼ㿴ǰıá
δ𣡵δ
²֪룬ײ˵ˮ
磬ﶼѾңˣҲǸŮ£ҪǸŮɱ㣬ܹסĽҫԴȥ
˵ʱɫһݣȻĶɱġ
ᣡⶼᣡ
׸æ˵¶羭֮ԴеͿ˵˺
𣿡
¼ϴҲһ㶡
Ҫ֪Դǰ׵ĸȥ׼̳֮λ˶ǸŮ֮⣬Ҳûжκ˵ǫϹ
ȻˣԺĺܣокܶණǵˡ׼µͣ˶ûɿذףæ˵¶˵ұŮԻˣŮʲôܳ𣿡
꣡
˵֮һ£̲סЦһ
·Ц׸æվһߵǰֲ˲۽ǵˮ
¶ĲǵŮ˭ˣֻǵã㲻ᶪҲܰɣ
ڷ鹥ơ
֮ǰļ仰Уóǰˣ϶ΪһЫĳŮˣձҵ룬˴˲¶
Ҫµչˣˣֵĵ׶
һεĶҲռ֮󣬲ڵ඾ȫųȥϵҲ˴롣
磬ĲǵǸŮˣ
»е㲻ţҲó׵ı鲻١
Ĳǵˣھôһˣѵ㻹𣿡
Խ˵Խģɴϣһ˰̾
ˣҾһΣ
һ˵ţһߴӻóһ飬ȻȻذ׻һ⣬뵽鼮֮С
׶ʱǰһ֪ڲõѯʱҲûжʡ
Ҿ֪¶㲻ҵġ
ذʧһ
û취ոĲôȥ
磬ҷƭңôҾɱ㣬ȻɱΪ˷ֹƭ⾯һ䡣
׵ûµвΪΣն˵ûκ塣
Ĳ֪ǸŮ˭οо²ԺֻҪһҲ϶ºá
ˣ͸ûһ
¶Ҷˡ
ס֮ױ¶ӡ
֪ˣʰһ¾ȥ򡣡
պذ׵£ʱͻΪһɰãʼߣӣõʰһ
µĸɻҲµذæ
ҪϬͻֻʵʵڴϡ
ˣȥ򷹣Ϣһ°ɣ
˵꣬ת뿪˷䡣
ߺױ˸ղſһĻ
ӡУǰӡ󣬵ǼƬ̫ģˡ
׽ʾ֭ǰµļƬУй鼮顣
˺һڴһˣ飡
һҵйļ䡣
ԭʷһߡ硣
߿дС˵ʷ伮ﴫǵȷʽֹͨط
ֻҪ鼮ݷϹɡ򡢵ͻõصϿɣӶ鼮顣
Գ磬ĶȻõģȴҽǾֳ
¡֮Ϊǿһ飬ûⱾĻսض½ϣһֻĩվҪˡ


2 Ůǿ
һһ磬һһֻء
࣬ԽڵһͨҶһͬʱҲңԼѧϰ
飡ԭµǸذףʵģǴһ
ҵйɵļ׾ΪǰذΪܹ뵽ˡ
ΪǴȡġ
ذ׵ԴҲ֪
ڸոʱ˵ǰذʮʱصشһΪ¡Уһġ
¡һӦþǽܱ鼮
ԭڣȻΪ߹ְҵһĻźܴơ
һˣ
Ҫ֪ڵС˵ϾһңдѾˣڶ飬ǲǧ
ǧ棬ȻС˵Ӷˡ
ˣķˡȿȣ
֮£ײСĴơ
Ҳףʵϵ̫ʺ޸֮ߡ
ȵȣҵļͻȻǿˣμǡٻŮĻꡢɽ־ʮơ׾סЩǰֻǼǵôݣȴÿһֶǵ÷ǳ
һ뵽鼮׵Ժо͸˳ܶ
Щǵϵľŵǧǻ۽ᾧ
ΪҪǣЩϸûгֹװǵԼҲ
һ̫˷ܣϾҪ飬ҪõطϿɵġ
ƽһ飬ʼӼƬУѰ顣
鲻ͬͨ鼮ܹԳС磬ܹĶһԾԲͨıдֽͨϣͿдġ
ˣдҪʹõʡīֽЩֻרſ򵽣Ҽ۸񶼲ˡ
׽Ͼ֭վʹǰļƬУҵôɡ顣
ˣ̫Ҳûãָ֮¶ȥˡ
׸̾һ󣬾Ͱĵȴ¹
˺ð죬ֱ֮ʱ˿߽
ɫѾڣûеƣԼѾͷۻԵߵԼǰ󣬱һסˡ
¶ʵڶĲˣȸĳԵġ
׾˵ʱ򣬶ǳ
ⲻʵ弸ûĳԹһٷ
ףĶȻˣ
˵֮һŮӣȴ¡
׶ͷۻҲóͬ
һ˲£ɿ˵֣ʵ˭
Сүѵҵϵ𣿡
һ˭жʱһЩȡ
Ů
׵˼Ƿתܿ뵽пԼˡ
ˣһ¿еŮµ˵ŮȫƲҪɱ֣ͬʱҪ洫Ϯ
ԽԽ𾪣˿ϣԼ´ˡ
ҲŮôǺǣ
ԳһЦҲ׵뷨ֱӾ˴ϡ
Сүӽ㣬ȷʵΪҵĲƲǾദҲЩһЩ飬¶Ҫɱ˲ҡ
Ůͣ˵ʱִףȴ׻ִˡ
İɣ¶Ҫɱҵǲ㣬֮ѾˣҾԲľλø㡣
ȻҲĴŮԼɱ֣ջҧ˵仰
ˣøӳˣζĲƲҲһЩôġŮ׵Ļش𣬲ûеһ˿ο
ѵŮǰе飿׵ǱĺƤŪе
ҲãٸҲգǰһж̣ͬҲԲڸŮ˳ϹϵѾ
һ߱˲ƲŮˣǾԲŵġ
Ů׽Ͱѻ˵ˣӴԺصҹҵĶľš׶ͷҲͷУȻǣһһԼûһбҵĶ
˵֮׻ַ֮ǰˮõı棬ҪֹŮͻȻɱ֡
ȻһûʲôãҲͽúá
ΪҲˡŮ׵ĺ׳м˵Ȳ˵㱾һһţҲҪ
ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
ɲʾһӡ
ʵϣŮҪɱ϶¶ˣظԼô컰
һ֮ԿöԷĿ뿴ȻԷĺ֮ģӶõһ
ȻҲðգһԷĵĺ󻼣˵ĻŪ
ףٸһλᣬԸһȥףôٱһʳǣ㲻ͬĻ
˵֮ŮͻȻ쳣䡣
֮׾Ȼֻ谵ĿռУһɢŵɫĳ
ⲢǺǿ˽ܹ׿޷ǸŮģ
˲ֵģǴ𣡡
׿ԷóȻе㵣ǣʱѾûѡˡ
֮ǰ̬ôᶨҪΪԷһв͸ı۵㣬ضöԷǳĲмŽΣա
Ǻһҧгݵ˵ֻЩûŬһĻҶһԴϴˢҵ衣
ļ
֪ǸŮжǱʹΪ򵥵ļ
߹֮ڣǰѵһһӵܣڸˣȻҲҿڳдһǲɾҩ
ŮԽ˵ԽмȻĽг׼ס
㶮ʲôᵽʲôǴ־塢ʲôǴ컯У֮䣬ֻܶҪʱ佫дضΪһµ
״һͬʱǰŲһݺݵĶſòŮ
͸⣬ŮԿ׵ò
ǵϬʱ඼̲ס£ͬʱ񡭡𣿡
һˣŮջ˳
һصУڵĹ߶ʱֱû谵ޱȡ
Ҿ͸ʱ䣬д飬ô͵ҽûһɱ㡣
Ů˵֮󣬾ת뿪ķݡ
ڱҺˣ
ŮһߣͬйƤһ㣬̱˴ˡ
ղĺΣգײһΪԼҪˡ

⡣
ŮŸ뿪ʮף¾ӭ˹
¹⣬½¹⣬ԿŮò
鿤ôˣ
¿ˡŮòæܵǰһ
С£þòˡ
Ů鿤Ȼʶҿ˵Ĺϵ·𻹷ǳϤ
˿鿤Բ¿еŮһжԼˡ


3 ͯ
Ȼ鿤ǺͰÿμʱǰ𾴡
鿤𣿡֮󣬱Сһ䡣
ֻôϾͬңֻһŮӣԸ񻹷ǳڼи⵽ޱ䣬Ҫչһ磬ҵȻˡ
鿤˵硯ʱĪһ˿ЦݣȻ뵽˸ղŵĳ
²ûзһ㣬鿤˵Ƿ󣬸æڽ
ҸˣѾǸŮŸԡԲǰˡİ˵Щû
ɻߵʱ򣬳˵ǰҲ˵ױŵˡ
ȷʵЩ仯һˣȻҪԼ˲Ƿʲô
鿤Ļе¸Զԡ

֮£ֻýſĳƺţϣ鿤Ҫ˵ȥ
С£Ÿո14꣬ѧϰ䡣㿴ڵ๤Ҫչףһʱ䶼ûСȥĻͻʧҲ޷ٻеˡ
鿤ڸ¿ЦǺ˵š
Ҫ֪ϣÿһ˶ܹٻеΪá
Ҫʹ鱦ȾҪӵԶڳ˵ľξǽתΪңȻܹһ
ǳԿƣͨ˾㽫յڣҲڶʱš
ֻͨĶ飬ſڲ֪У֮С
ԽǺõ飬ͿٶԽ졣
㣬ʱۼƣڵͻԽԽࡣ
ൽһزʱ򣬾ͻγҡ
ҿٻеҩȵȣͬʱҲѧϰ֪ʶ
֮ȻҪҲҪ
УǾҲԻʵеĻңֻǺжԸҶѣΪ̫Ҫˡ
еʱ򣬶һҾ͵ڶһ
⼸ΪչףѾкüûжˣ֮ǰңҲΪ˸ĵҩȫһɶˡ
ټϣҵļҲ׹ˣ²òѧҵܵ׬Ǯס
ûѧѵĻ޷顣
飬޷ҡ
һѭҪҲİ취ⱲӾͱٶˡ
鿤Ȼû䣬绹һҪƴȫøպһŬĹʵڲҾͳȥ
һ14СȻ˵ҪǴԣ仰ҪǲʶµһǺһЦΪȻ
鿤ȴ֪¾Ի˵
С£̫ˣ֪жΣգĻذȻжûұˣҹƣڻذҲͱͨذǿһЩѣͨҰ㻹ԶԸҪ޻ޣɡ
Ϊڻı²ԣ֪жΣա
ҡ
鿤ôһ˵¶ʱ뵽ã֮С
ɣ쿪ʼʹ»صѧУѧȥѧһ㽻ġ
鿤˵е뷨ԭȻѧ
Ȼ֪Ǻ⣬ұϾҵˣҲκʩᡣ
ɫһ䣬ſ鿤񶼱Щ顣
鿤µ仯Ҳ֪Լ˴
ڴܶ嶼ıҪ
ȻֻһŮѪ־ǷǳᶨԲκεʩᣬǺҲһ
ðɣȻ㲻ԸҵİôҵͯɣӦ֪ȱһͯ
鿤һתָһ·
ͯĸ࣬һ㶼ʰ䣬鼮ʼǡīȵȡ
˵ˣͯǸ߼һˡ
кܶͨ˼ңϣԼĺ͵ٹ˵ļȥͯ
ΪֻҪͯһôлӴ顣
ֻҪĻ˵ͯĶĻᡣ
ͯܲܶҪԼ컯ˡ
ףҪͯĻôûʱչ˸ˡ
鿤Ҫεҡҡͷ
ʵ鿤Ǻ⣬ҪΪͯһҪס鿤ҡ
С£ȱæžܾԸ⵱ҵͯҿ״ҲṩһɾķݣȻҪĹǮпۡ
鿤֪µ뷨Ǹæ˵һеͨķ½еĺ֮ǡ
⡭ȻˣôͶл鿤
֮󣬾鿤˼
ȻԷѾеĹ˼ɣҪӦ鿤ĻҲ̫鿤ˡ
ŶԣԺʰһ£Ȼһǡ
´Ӧ鿤Ҳĵͷ
ȥ᲻̫ˣ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽鿤˵
죬Ҿ뿴ȿȡ˵鿤ͻȻȻĿ˵Ҿӽʼң֪һֱϣиܹ˵ϻˡ
ˣµͷ鿤˵
ˣϿȥ׼ɣҲȻһ¡
ǣ
鿤Ϻ󣬾Զһȥ
գղŲһ˵©죬Ǹף֮ǰһôͻȻһӾͱôйˣ˵ʱͷͷǵд˺֮ġ
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鿤ȷʵ뿴µģΪ¸ͬ
ǣʼûµԼͯ
ֱװΪŮһ˵Щ׳鿤˺棬뽫״۲˼
鿤ݺУԲ˿ԼΪ׺棬סġ
Ǻ¡

Ƶķڡ
鿤뿪󣬾ĶľţڣȻɱԼ
֨ѽ
ⲻٶȴ֮ʱױæʵ˭
磬ң
ʻ󣬴ݵĻظһ䡣
Сˡ
µ󣬸ղǽľʱ滺ˡ
ôˣʲô𣿡¿׵״Ǳǰһ䡣
û£ֻȥôʱ䣬еˡ
û˵Ů飬ᡣ
УǸԼŮһԼָ»ôء
İɣҾԲᶪ㲻ܵģ˵жʱеů
˵ʵеʧȥвƲ
Ϊǰ׻ǷʱۿԼá
С£˳ԵûУڶˡ
ƭȥ֮׾͸æѻתʳ֮ϣͬʱ֣ҪԼʳù
ڸղµʱֽԼжϣ˹ȥ
ڰ֮У׵Ӿޣһ֮£Ǳҵʳ
ͷ𣿺Сͦġ׸Լжϣ²µ¸ͷ
ֻ˼º󣬾Ȼͷò
ȵȣָС
Ȼ֮䣬׸ее㲻Ծ

ᣡ¶ңᣡ


4 ߣȥд

׳ҲǼӲձʱһˣǵķǰ
С㣬Ƿ鿤֮ǰ
ûʲôʰģ߰ɣ
¿һ˺۵ף߳˷š
¶ȵҰ
׼¶æ׷ȥ
ֻΪС˲ĵطñºݺݵһ٣ȽŲǺ
û߼͡һˤ˸ͷ
磬û°ɣ
¼ˤæܵǰ
ʵ»Ǻܹ׵ģҪǸղ׶Ĥ󣬻˵ʲô̫С֮ĻԲֱס
ʹԴҲκԼ߲ˡ
µĲվ󣬱ֱӰִµļϣһ§˻С
һҪǲ˵ͷΣ¿϶ʶľͰƿˡ
ͷ𣬸ղҺûö󾢡С˵һ䣬лżɬ
Ȼ׵ãҲһŮӡ
ı˱ڻУ磬Ҳǻ²˼ġ
ٿףװʹĺʹ
׵ͷղǱ´˼ȭĴȣղˤʱÿһʯ֮ϣѾʧȥһ֪
㻹Ҫ˼˵ûþڿǲ˰ղֻ̫ˣԲšҲûķɧһز飬͸æ͡
Ϊ¾ĻУֻҪһͷܹǸܹɱ˵
µɱ⣬˫鶯۾µ٣ȴ׵Īһ
أΪͻȻϲСѾͷϵðѵΪԵʣ
ײǼһһˣǵԽȴԼӽ¡
ڣȻԼȷʵ޷·ֻҪ¾ͿߣƫƫҪ§š
ҲҸոմԽԵʣԶչԼñȽɡ
׿ٸԼһڣΪո뷨ա
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ˣҲе㲻˼ͯ顣
ڵ׺ں˵ԼҪȴ˵ͯ׵һӦ
ˣѵûйϵ𣿡׼˵£׷һ䡣
ʵ鿤ҪҵͯԲŰǽġ
»Ǹʵ飬Ϊʵȥ
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ʲôҪȥ˵ͯȻ֮Ե˵УԲУҾҲҵȥ˵ͯ
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׵ļУͯɲʲôĲ¡
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УҲǵһμôŭס
Ȼ׺˧»ǲԶ
³ǲȥ
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¿ʼˣóĲͯ
ǣѾӦ鿤
ҪͯĻһٺ÷޷׳Ե
ͺñȸղţĿڳǸձʱʡ
ʵ˵ˣԼҲͬˡ
ȥͯһȽϲĳ·
׳һٺ÷ס档
¶ȷĸ㣬ҾǶͷҲȥµĹҡοѾͬˣով˴ң壬Ҿͽһ
ͬʱѵվҪƾԼ³
¿һ㣬ȻķΪ˲ٶˤֻò˳
磬ǲȥˣҲˣϾ֮ǰҲûж顣
°״³֮󣬾ʹؼҡ
飬׵˽⣬˵һˣһʫҲ
Ļ֮Ƶ뵽ǰŪ¶ҡУҲҪдһ飬ⲻΪ˸ͬʱҲΪ¶ϸõ
һˣױҧѽ˵ұҪ飬ھʹȥ󡣡
Ƿʡīֽҡȵطвϡ
д飬Ҫбīֽ⣬һǴҡīֽ⡣
ƷһˣڵĲƸԣҵһë
ǣܹдһ飬ôīֽǮͻСǮ
һɣǱĶһǮװڵξ档
磬Ҫ𣿿ǣ˵ȥīֽ⣬ޱīֽǮǶûС
µǵĿף˵
ûף£ڶĶˡ
˵ޱīֽ⣬Զٺ÷Ǹ⡣
׼Ȼ˵Ҫд飬ôȻѾ˶Բߡ
¶Ÿд𣿡һһĶʵ
ҡţ
±˵ŵģڴֻ֮˵Ŷ֡


5 ӣʯͷˣ
׿µ֪ʵǲԼġ
û취˭þǺʮصдһء
οҲŲʮ꣬ǻһӵܡ
˵²ˣҲһд顣
¶ȻңôʹȥȻĻذѺǰѱīֽҡ
İ취
ڣ׸϶ûжǮơ
ˣϻһֵǮ⣬ǻذ
ذǡ¡ıȻƷײǺܸߣֵǧöϡ
һڴڣҲͬһöҡ
һöһ֮ͨңʮҡ
˵µѻذֵǮҪѹĻޱīֽⲻ⡣
УǸ͸ҵǾԲġ
һֲֻףһֻסؿڣԴͣҡҡȥ
֪˻ذλá
ʵûذǱ飬飬ֻһҳֽѡ
ֽд鼮ܹ鼮һƷ
ĻЯǳ㡣
¶ҲذֻѺѡοһֱ飬ֻҪһд꣬ڵ⣬ӭж⡣
֪²ԼֻܹȰ
УҪǸдô졣
¼ҡͷ˵ԼĵģҲͬʱе뷨
С£ʱη壬Ϊһذףһ֮Ķʵ̫øʧˡ
׼ô˵ͨ£ֻε̾һ
Уȴ۾͵͵µı顣
˺һ׷ûжݣǱ˵벻֮öңһŻʲô˼ҿ鶹ԣҿʯͷײˡ
˵֮ױĿתЩͬ񾭲һ㲻ͣǡ
˭ȥҸʯһģҾͲˡ
״Ȼ˵һ䣬·Ĳںһ㡣
ңŸһ˵꣬2жûһ׳һ鷹Сʯͷõ׵ǰ

׳ʯͷùʱϻ¶źڴЦݡ
Ȼ뿴֣뿴ҹôʯͷɱġ
㣡
ָûͬĵ׳һֵĿԼ͸æɫһ䣬ѽʯͷ˹
лλ׳ʿ
Ǻǣ
ʯͷ׿»Ϊ֮һҧҪԴײ
ˣҴӦǣذ׶ǷĲʧȥ
ʵ֪ӸջӦס
Ϊģ͹ΪڳڵǾ仰ΪáѾֵôˡ

´Ӧ׸˵ĴЦһȻʯͷӵ˵ϡ
飡
ʯͷأ
ҲΪͻȻһʧأŪûվȣϵһ¡
һ£˸
׵۾Ҳ²֣˼档
˽ľ룬׷µĺ
µĺǳգ·ǽš
ͬʱ׽¹⣬ҲµɫЩ΢졣
¶һд飬Ȼϸõ˵ĻҲԼܹ
ţ㣡
ĪģҲ
һ²ǷܣΪ׵ĻУܹĸӦ׵ûһ˿ҡ
߰ɣ
ڴ˹ʶȻķȥ
ֻǣܰһ棬ȴǸ׳ƻˡ
ӣʯͷˡ
׳ղӵʯͷ˻Ȼڴٶõǰ
㡭ȿȣ
ʯֱ֮ԡ
ʯͷԼðɣ˳Ǹʲô鿤˵ܲĺ⣬ȥұ˵ͯɡ
ײ˵֮󣬾ͼ´ȥ
Ŷ֪ˣ
׳׵ͷʾ仰鿤
ǣ׻û߼ָиŵ˵ڵ治ã˵˵Ҫɱȴûǻ
仰СΧ˶ˡ
ǰأԼ˵ĻֲòƲƭȥ
һ˵Ů˰֮󣬵ʹһӢ˻ȥˡ
Ҳ˵ˣǸ˾˵һԶףǸӵһ˰

һߣЩǶʱֵ˵İԡ
ٿףЩ֮󣬸ղźòеôһ飬ȫһɨա


6 
ɶǰж౯ҰҲƭˣϲŮ˾ȻһֱñӣҪǸñӻԼҵݣ
̾
֪ǰѾˣһеĺڹֻԼˣǸ޴ñӣԼҲôϡ
ڣǰһãȻ׵˱ңʣ±ˡ
磬ǵģһңȻҲЩǵĻ
ɫŹ֣ΪʵģǸæο䡣
İɣԴһٺѾõԣܱô˵ôҶңΪǰԱҲΪݶ԰
ҹ仰˵ͬʱҲ˵Լ


鿤صԼ֮ڣԺоͲͣĻ֮ǰ˵Щ
ôˣԴӻ֮һ˷
鿤ŮϷӶ˶󣬱СǰһΡ
С֣࣬ŮѺ鿤һȻ˼˵ֻ˼һѡ
ò˼˰ɣ˵ֻ˼ŮˣŻҹ˾ʱ
һ£Ů˵ĹϵǷǳҪõġ
С࣬鿤һֱöԴ
ˣС˽µʱ˵Ǻܴ󵨣˵һЩͨ˲˵Ļ
ޣѾͷ˼ء鿤Сôһ֣ʱɫе΢졣
ô˵ҲǸŮǱԼŮ˵˼ˣҲǻ᲻˼ġ
ʱҶһǸûʲôرע顣˻ƻʱһ뿪ǲǸʱ򣬿һĶˣ
СȻܹΪ鿤ŮȻҲǴӳɰǧŮģͬǴϻֻۣתһ룬ʹ²µ鿤顣
еСҲûĶˣֻһҺˡ
鿤С˵زֻ׵顣
꣡СһЦ˵˼ˣҪ֪Ů֮ĸ飬ǴӺвġ
Ҷ˵˲ǣֻе棬û˼ѾͷڳЦңŲš

鿤˵С࣬ͿʼвСٳЦԼ
ɾ͵˵һʱͻȻдһ֮
󣬻һ뵽鿤ĶС
ȥС˻ˣ
Ǹ˵֮󣬱еȻм˲
ʲô
鿤Ѿݣָׯصһ棬ȻĴ˷š
Ů鿤󣬸æ񣬼˵Сڰ·ͱ³˵ʲôԲСͯҪȥ顣
ʲôǸ׾ȻҵĺİҪȥд飿
鿤һΪԼˣǿ鰡һ飬ôܹҼһ˵дд
˵ģʱ䣬СӦѾˡ
ŮҲţȻôҲֻô˵ˡ
ߣұҪȥ󣬿ǸСӵţȻȥ顣
鿤һȻһȥ
һߣߵŮҲæ׷ȥ

ǰ
µĲ£ҡҡλ˽Сʱ
磬ҵȻҵ󲢲󣬵ĶӦоС¶ǰһָǵطˡ
ڵʮңÿһұӴ
ȻûӴҲ뽨
Ȼܴ󣬵ҲҪлС
Ĳ˵ֽīЩƷһСҾ͸ò
಻ˣһд飬ıҵˡ
̧ͷһ󣬱²˽ȥ
Ȼҹƻͨ
ֻܹˣǶˡߴ󸻴֮ˡ
ɲǰ㣬ΪŪʵ
ǮˣΪǿԿ۳ңÿһҶܹһҵļ۸
ҶһӣͲǺܻˣΪʮңܶһһҴСĽӡ
ⲻ߽·ϣپĸһ߽
ڷǳﲻдãͬʱа䡣
ÿһ֮󣬶ȥǰ̨ۿ
֮⣬Ҳв㡢㹩Ӧ
¶ȥǱ߿ĵط¡
ã
Ŀڴһɨܿҵһλá


7 ֮
׸ǰʱܿһͯǰ
λӡС㣬ҪĶı飿
ͯһͨıӸëʣ¼鼮
׸±Сôһʣе졣
ΪǲģҲһҶûС
ȿȣģȥ׼һõıīֽ⡣
һԼΣȻ˵˴еĿġ
Ӵţ֪ҪʲôƷ׵ıīֽ⣿
īֽҲֵȼĵȼʥһǷΪ졢ء
īֽ⻹ϸΪϡС¡Ʒĸȼ
У˼ıīֽ⣬ָġ
ؼıīֽ⣬ġ
켶ıīֽ⣬´󹫵¡컯ʱġ
켶īֽû򣬵޼֮
ؼıīֽǳһ׵ؼıīֽ⣬ҵ
˼ıīֽ⵹ǲ٣һʹõĶƷƷ
Ʒ˼īֽ⣬ɷǳ
УȼԽߵıīֽ⣬Խ׽дµִݵ֮С
Ҫ֪֮УŲѾȥʥɡ塢־
һЩô£ȴ÷ĳʥɵ־ôǵ־ͻήٵֽ֮ϣ֮޸£Ӷһ޷ɾ£һ顣
Ʒ׸ߵĺô
һ˼Ʒıīֽ⡣
˼һѡ
ӣһ˼Ʒıīֽ⣬ۼΪһǧңɹҴӦ鼮ĶȨһȨǵĻôǻ˸ҡ
ңǻ鼮ϼܣȻһ֤Ķ۸׬ңҲֳɵģʽÿ¶һΡ
ˣҲѡһΰϣϵļ۸Ҫʱȷ
ͯ۸񡢹ضס
Ҫ֪ʥȻ¼е鼮鼮ǽλʥ沢޷鼮ݡ
ҪĻջҪȥģԤԼ鸱
ңĴ½УһȷĹ涨Ǿֻʥǰһٵ飬ſеϼܡ
һ飬ֻܹѡһϼܡ
㹲飬Ȼǩ鷻Լܹһ鼮ڲ֮ͬڡ
Ļߣܹ齻
һڲǩ鷻Լ£԰ĶȨһȨ󣬱ڷܵɵƲá
ڵ桢ԡϮʲôģϵǲõġ
Ϊһɹô鼮ͻӵԣ鷿ӡĸҪûߵǩҲֻͨ鼮ˡ
ԣÿһ飬ǸȡĶֻҪһ飬ͻһ֡

Ѿ֪˼Ʒıīֽ۸񣬶µĻذҲȷʵֵһǧңеʱ򣬻еݡ
ס˰죬ջ˵ʵûң
һ˵Ǹͯɫʱеѿ
һѴӡ¡һذֵǧöϣѺ㿴Σ
׼ͯɫԣæ°ѻذ˳
ӣȻ¡һʥ飬ܶ࣬ҲذǷڡ¡Ҫһ¡
ȻԣھͿ
һԷԼѹһ
ڼʲôģͲġ
Եȣ
ͯʱ뿪һСٶȻʱʹһӡ
òͨһɵ
ŵ˵֮ǧ볯Ϊ٣
ûϵҡˮǿŶ۳֮
Ҫӵ֮Ƕǧ˵飬ȫ顣
Ƕ鲻УҪеľҪ
򶥶޷㡣
ֻҪӵͿԲμӿƿֱ볯Ϊ١
ε֮ѣȲ˵ĵʱ䣬Լ⣬͹һǧҪңǾһӴ֡
ԭ򣬼ȻĻôذҲͲüˡ
׺һھ͵׵ݣҶûҪۿµĻذȷǰѻذġ
лˣ
һл
ȻʣΪ˲˿ʲôûʳ
Ѿ˴󲿷ֵԱΪд׼


8 ɣ
Ҳ֪һǷȰ㲻ҪΪѪϽֵǮƷ˷ѵ
Ǻģǰʵ̫ˣʶˣǲʶˣܹд
лѣ֮Ѿ½˰ѱīֽ
νҡҡͷߴٶԷīֽϡ
׵Ҫ֮£ܿͯ˼Ʒıīֽ˹
һױīֽ⣬һʮֽīˮҲ¹дʮңõĻֻܵ
Ҫ飬˼Ʒıīֽ⣿
򣬿ϧˡ
˷Ѱ˵˼Ʒıīֽ⣬õؼƷıīֽ⣬Ҳд顣
ڵһҪ飬׷ײĿۿ
ʱе˱ҡҡͷټۿ
Ҳеǰո֡
ǵı֣Ȼû⡣
¶Ҫʼ飬Ա߰ī˳˴ҡ
׶űīֽһȻʣڵһֽϣд֡龭
֣ҪȵϵָһЩ׼̳ʱЩйֵ֪ʶеõ̳С
дҲ⡣
Ψһźģ׵ּͲǺܺÿټϻ˸Եʣдּ㣬ܹѡ
龭
¿׵ֺ󣬾С˳
֮µע֮£дġ
龭1¡޹ɽ
̫Сݶɽ߰𡣱ڼ֮ϣ֮

дµ鼮ڵϵġ龭
龭ǵ쳯սʱڵ
ⱾһԢԡ֮顣
Ȼдǣ񻰣ڵϲǺܳ
Ҳѧʱѧ޹ɽȻźĲһ¡龭¿һ顶龭ԭġ
ױҵ֮Ȿ龭ͱԺ
֮ʱⱾ龭֣Īȫ
ڣÿдһ֣ܹܵһӴ־ڼԼ
²־Ӧþط
һдĶòϿɣôͻֽҷ
Ҳе㵣ģΪû̫Сݶɽطûκ쳣ֻǼѡ
ɽ޹ߣҾʮɽӡɽ֮֮Ҳ
һΪīһСĶϵݡ
Եһ䣬Ҳǡ֮֮䲻Ҳ֮ڵۡ۸ϣ϶Ӹɽһ˷һӺϡԴˣ֮ϣ֮¤ɡһʱͻȻһ硣
󣬻һƾճһ֮ڡ
ջ꣬ǳɾ󣡡
³֮˾һȻĿת˸ոͣʵס
ֹʱڵĿ⣬е׵ϡ
ո߽鿤Ҳòŵޱ顢רдס
飬Ȼд飡
鿤㾪ȣʵǴϵ飬̫޷ˡ
һжѣ˶ǳ
˿ڸߴڣһ飬ҲԲᳬʮ
õĻҲ屾
֪жٶ١ǧˣҲдһ顣
ǣȴһ鵮С
˭
ǿ竺ڻûжȫʮ顣
ɾˣȻдһ飬ôܲ𾪡
㡭ôܣ
ӵ֮֮Ҳǳ𾪡
֮𾪵ģд飬Ϊ׵黹ûд꣬Ѿ飬
û׸ոд޹ɽǳ龭һƪ¶ѣ޷֮Ϊ顣
Ǿôһ£ȴѾﵽı׼ջꡣ
ң硢µļӳ֮£˿ڣڵİˣۿɼٶȻָ
֮⣬绹ϡϡͷϵĳͬԡһ㡣
׵·ǲҪΪһ·
磬ɹˣд飡
¿׵ָ󣬾ϲ˽ĻУ˸жˮ
һֱϣܹɲţܹĳƺš
ûԸȻʵֵ֮졣
һûгɹֻдˡ龭һ¶ѣд½ڣܹ㳹׳ɹ
µ㷢ڵ
¸æ뿪׵ĻУ˵磬һ¾ٻ󣬳ɾ飬ҪȫдĻ˵ܹʥ񡣡


9 ټ
ʥйʱڣ弴֮ʱλʹԶƪΪý飬Ƴ
ƺţΪǿߡ
ܹ֮ΪɵˣԲᳬλ
һεˡסսѾҲûгֹˡ
ڵߣΪͨߣ׽ߣߡʥߡ
ͨߵ飬󲿷ֶС£ֻһȺ֮
׽ߣָһǧ鼮˿ǵߡ
ߣ˵ľЩд飬õϿɵߡ
һ߷ǳϡ٣ÿһ徫Ӣ
ֻҪдһ飬Ĳ˵һʳǡ
֮ʥߡ
ʥصܹѹˣÿһʥĵǿһ֡
ʥߣҲᱻ뵽ʥĸ֮У
ʥ֮ϻ顣
Ѿûгˡ
˵ԶʱڡϹʱڣ඼ѹˡ
ôһʱ䣬໹ƾѹסס塣
Ҳˣסǰӣִݻ飬ĴС
ǣһսҲסԪˣйʱڣҲûг׻ָ
ֱʱסŽһɫ
Һ⼸УסҲٶȳΪˣ಻ѡ
¶Ҳ֪ܲʥʥ̫ѵãȻҾ˺ܶҪдʥ飬»Ҫһʱġ
Ȼô˵ȴоԼⱾ龭пܳʥȻѹˡ
Ϊ龭дҲһȫµϵ
˵1µ޹ɽѾᵽۣԼ
Ȼûг֣˿޷ҽٻǴȴˡ
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ԭͥۡϵǲڵģΪڵ쳯ķ򣬾ȻϿϵ
Ҳ˵壬Ϊһһµƪ¡
һдʥ飬ƺš
׵ǰڴĿס
ܰʱһг뵽˵ĶС
ߣһ竺үܹдһѾˣʥʲôģǲҪĺá
˵ˣȻǸոսŵ鿤ˡ
֪ΪΣ鿤ֻһ£дһ֮˵ơ
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˭
׼鿤Լ¾ʹһ鿤֣ȻȵԼʥʱȥ
Ȼϵ鿤ȴǳϤ
ˣ鿤һ֣¾͸æȥһ˵鿤ôˣ
ߣ£Һİ㣬벻ȴ˶Դңһ㵱ѡ
²˵ãһ˵鿤
һԵףԼˣȻûҲʱеŭ
һ뵽ŮȻǱ֮ŮҲһơ
ʱҲвܶԷǿǹ˿̶Ҫá
鿤¶ҵãֳڣֲѵ
ǰһֱվ鿤Ķ档
Ȼ壬ֻʮ꣬ľӵ꣬һʮ꣬ڵƴꡣ
鿤ƺſܰһŵŲס
鿤һ㣬а𾪣֪ҵĳƺţȻվҵĶ棬ѵһ˾֮ĿԸı֮𣿡
Ҫ֪ǿɶģ顣
ֻһŮʣµĶǶӡ
鿤ǿĸĸ⣬ЩҲǳ۰ĵܵҲǾ
ǵĹӵǣ֪ĶӲʲôǵŮǿɾ鷳ˡ
Ϊһ鿤ĸ硢ܵҲ׷Ϊͷ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬¡
ŵԴȻΪĹϵ
Ѿд飬һԲܰôȫһ뵽⣬Ӵˡ
鿤˶㿤ţκ¶㱰ϥǷǺڰף׾ԲᣬҲᣬҵͬᡣ
ߣΪ鿤׵ĻΪȻ
鿤һ䡣
Ҫ˵ֱӱ׸ˡ


10 ޹ɽ
鿤㿴ȥ㵱ͯĿö˵ĶݡҿǶǰ̣Ѿ飬¶Ҳ顣ӷ㣬֪֣֮
һ˵꣬鿤ˣڵ˶ˡ
ӷ㣬֪֣֮
еһ仰ֻΪҴû仰
ĪǣҲǳ֮ڣ
ˣ׵Ӧ鿤ͬ¡ǣҪµͯӶ׬һЩǮơ
ǣ鿤ȴ֪µ뷨Ȼ±ϽˣоԷǳѹ鿤£޷ĵ
仰˼ǡ㲻㣬Ȼ֪Ŀ֣ͬʱҲ˵Ҫλ˼
һЩµȻİѡӷ㣬֪֮֡仰鿤ϵ
ף㲻ʶô
鿤ôָָ㣬ȻǳĲ졣
ǣ㱾ܵĽйƵϣȻСͨ뿪
ȥôڰգ˵ˡ
ʵ뿪ŵĻ⻹
ףǺİȻѿϹۣԺҾԡ
鿤һյĶŮС෢ɧ
˵֮ͻȻԼ˵ȥˡ
ԺʲôѵԺ㲻𣿡
С鿤˵Ц˵˺Ļ
ȻǣСôһ鿤æ˵ôɶ׷ŹԺҶҪÿ
ˣôӣԽԽ˼ˡ
Сһ鿤޷˵׵Ļ֪Ѿ̵ӡ󣬶ҽ׵ġӢ¡֡Ǿ侭ġӷ㣬֪֮֡˶Ŀ뿴ˡ
СԼףһŮһͨ˼ҵŮڼһĻ֮󣬶øС
С࣬ڶ˵һ仰ҾͰ޸
鿤ʵǱСܲˣвСһ䣬Ȼæȥ
һ̣رһĵطƽһ飬ԺǸͣصסĨȥ

ڡ
׵鿤ߺ󣬾ٶȻصǰ
龭2£丸գ
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ڵ˵丸Բ
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д丸֮׵ͻȻһ£ڵˣŵһɵ
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ŵ֮󣬷׷׷ϵ飬Ҫߣ֤һлʳΪʥ鵮
ȴûԸԳΪдµ2֮ͻȻеЩͷۻ
ܵĸооԴҪըˣҵĳ龭Ȼɾ飬ҪдȴЩˡ
״̬֮£ûа취д
ϣһҪĻְֻ취
һ취ԽǺõĵͻõߵۡʥʥ塢ǻʵ۵ĵ˵ֱܹһĵȼ
ڶ취Ǿݡ
磬׵ġ龭ֻͨ飬ÿһµӣһ飬ĵȼͻӦߡ
һַǷǳľġ
˵װɣͯ磬ʮȫһûС
ʺܲûҵİ£д˲60֣ͺľȫ
٣ϴһЩңԲ
ҶڶˡˣǷǳõĸߡ
ϴ󲿷дʱ򣬶׼Աʱ֮衣
д˾һʰһʱΪдȥǿǷǳϧġ


11 ÿأ
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״̬֮µףֻͣʣȻԼīֽ⣬ؼȥϢ
ڰҵ󣬻ϼܣ붼û
˼뿪жź
Ĺ£ʱΪϧ

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ڻ֮һҲ˼»ߣֱ˵ӲĴϡ
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ΪԼд֮һⶼӭжء
˭֪д飬ҲҪȵϼܣȻ˹Ķ֮󣬲ܹõҡ
֮׵϶ܿͻȥ
ʱƾһ龭ǲõԼʳסС
¶˵˵Ǹ鿤ɣһǸŮˣ鿤ǵҲô
̾һ֮ͻȻһҪ飬Ҳǽ챻ԼӶǸ鿤
׻λ˼һ£֪鿤ԼԼԲŹôԼѿˡ
ԣҪ˽һ鿤飬Ȼ󿴿ֹܷܲԷб
һ˵鿤µɫҲѿ
֪ȻΪԼãȴ鿤ݺݵĸˡ
鿤˽⣬鿤ףĸ硢ܵǣҲܶ
ȻֱϵĴɱ裬棬ȴָʲô顣
磬ʵ鿤ͦõģҳȥһͲˡ
˵⻰ʱ۾ҿףҲЩ
֪ˣȻͦõģôͱˣݶԣǲǼƽϵġ
Ȼô˵ȴѾͷѻ˵𣿡
ڵƴףµĵǣ˵ȥ鿤˽ԵǸԭʲôġ
飬׾Բ
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¶ϢɣҪд飡
ţ
±˵ʲôֱӴĻ˻⣬Ȼһϣ۾ʼϢ
סļªУͽֻһŴѡ
ֻܹһŴ˯
ȻԭǴҲԸ˯ģ˵ףձһ˯˴ϡ

ڶ峿
Ÿո΢׼ҵĴž͡顯һ±˸ƿˡ
ףҳ졭
˲Ǳˣ鿤ԼŮСࡣ
Ϊ׵飬Ū鿤һ϶û˯á
ֻҪһ۾ԺоͻصǾ䡮ӷ㣬֣֮֮
ȵ֮ͻȻԺˣȻһ߹һ顣
˵˵ţ˵ԼҵĿϡ
Ϊ飬鿤ĸҲҵһľ
鿤˵֮ĸǾȻûаͷǹһЦһЩ
鿤ĸףҲһܹ˵ʲôһһĹ壬ȻҾǣλڣҼȻ̥ǣӦ÷Źһ̫
ô˵Ĳ⣬鿤Ҳ̲סһȻ֤Լġס
˭֪һ߿׼ҵĴź󣬿ȴ׸ӵߡ
ףȻɳܡĽ§ڻС
һ棬һӰʦյĻһϵƬ
棬Եе˲ˡ
ѽ𿴣㻹Сܿ
С鿤ȻҲϵһ棬æס鿤۾Ȼ˳ȥ
ôһ֣׸ȻҲ˹
֮󣬵Ҳûоʲôá
ʲôûֻ˯ʱǶ£Ű§ڻеġ
£ʱеԺʱѾɿȻҲûзֲ֮
¿ű߻֮ɫűúѿ
磬ǵķţô죡
¸׾ֻʣһˣְѻذȥѹˣŵǮûС
û˷ţϵİȫϵܵӰ졣
ȻӵİȫȱͲߣŸûŻǲһġ
ҵǲģҵǸ鿤
Ȼ鿤ֱ˴ȥ
ûҲûʱ֮ʱû˶Ҳ޷ڶʱ䡣
ڵ֪Ӧﶬ飬²
ټϣҲûб죬˯ʱҲ·ֱ˯ɡ
ˣʱҲ÷¡


12 
⡣
鿤ڷ㶣е޷ղſĳ
ףѵôôԴԼãֱǡ޲硣
鿤Ҳ׵Ļֻ޲ĸ֡
Ҫ˵޲磬ڿǰҿ򲻸ҳϵģϾû߱˼Ҵţ͵˯Ⱥá
ճŵ鿤Ļһ䡣
ף޳ܰ࣬ôܹôԴã14ѽô
鿤ϵģûΪױ˵޲ǿʼΪ˵
㲢֪ǵ˵Ҫԡ
ûнͣȴ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Цݣ鿤Ȼһ㶣ʲô˼
ϵС࣬ȴæ˵ҹ¶Ⱥܵͣûб죬˯䣬Աһ˯ĻԵûʲôһŪϻᶳ
СҲڳ˼ңһ˹
СĻ鿤ҲǲԸĹ˹֣Ȼ˵ԭôղǱʧˡ
ˣøƽϣ˵˵Ҽν°ɡ
ҡҡͷΪֻһ鿤

ôһʣ鿤Ĳ֪λش
Ǳˣ׳ġ
ڸղһ鿤еߣҲʱ鷳һʵԼ˵顣
ˣǷõĻһʱȻе˵ڡ
ʲô飿
׼鿤µģʱе㲻õĸо
ͬʱҲ뵽ò鷳İɣٶҲ̫˰Ÿոչȥһҹ
ʵдĲһһ󡣡
鿤һ˵꣬ˣСԼո߳ŵҲˡ
ʲôҪҿȷ㲻ǲҵ𣿡
׵ĵһӳ
ǱߡСҲæ鿤˵һ仰
ҪҪ飬Լıīֽ⡣Ȳ˵ˣǴıīֽ⣬ǾۣûʮҵĻ뿪һ󡣡
һ˵ţһߡ
ʵԿйоһû׹˵ʱĴ㣬Ϊ˲׼
Ϊ˺ܶ׼Լûпϣ
Ϊӵ˱īֽ⣬ԴҲһ⡣
һʱʮǰеİȨ֣ôʮҲͲһٱѡ
ֻһٱĻܹĿ˷ǳ٣һٱһʥ顣
ʥĳʺε֮ͣеĻȨҲġ
ߣҵȻ֪һѣ㲻Գƾѵһϻ￪󶼲𣿡
鿤ʵҲһ˵ΪǿĹӵܣȻ֪һжˡ
鿤ղ֮ԿڣΪ˻ΣȻڳûһףžͿ뿪ˡ
һ˵꣬ȴ뵽˳˼
һȷʵѣΪ̫ϡˡ
ǣ˵ʲôԺпźܶ鼮ģ׾¾ûеġ
ҪװЩ鶼дԶʥ鼶𣬵ʱʥ򣬻õ󲻳
ȻѣôҲʤ
磬Լôպ׵ϼܺõ룬ᶼ˵ġ
һ㣬Ͳ֪׬أ
׿ʮģдһǳ𱬡
һ뵽ͻȻֽһĿС
ʽ⣬鿤ĻʮĳʼʽԴյ롣
ʮУֻҪм򿪸ªҲԽܡ
׵Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪһȻбīֽ⼴ɡ
⣬鿤ܹ򵽰ȨȻܺã򲻵һҲν
һԵ鿤Сࡢ¼֮жĪһ
磬òĶ˰ɣ¶׻Ǻ˽ģ׿ʼ˼һ㡣
¶ĻҲʧΪһֿŵķʽ
׺˵
һ˵꣬ڳļ˶ˡ
磬ڿЦĺòã
ߣֲͣҡΣϣܹͷ
ҿǺˣ¾ôˡ
׵ȻŹλᡣ


13 ߣԴȥ
װ˱ϣת鿤˵ˣȻ־ԶҪһͬ󣬶ҸҲȻǷǳͬ
˵΢һ£Ȼ˵ЩҪ˵ҲûбǮ󣬵һḺ飬Լƹ㹤ʽ棬ҪԺӯǴҰ˶ֳɡ
ЩǱҪ˵ģҹ˵УպҪֽд
˶ֳɣô󷽣
鿤Ҫʱ򣬾Ѿеǳͷˣֱǰ˶ֳɣɫźһ㡣
˿ˣ˵˶ֳҰˡҪǿҵĻҸķֳɽǾһ
˵ʱ򣬻һ׬˵ӡ
ʲôҶСӣţȻҸ鿤ݵָףһԲϾҪӡ
ҵԴҶĸ򣬻дµʱдʥ飬ʮأʮأһ죬һдʥ飬ʱ׬ǮͶʵǧ򱶣ֻöɵҲǺ׬ˡ
ֱ鿤۾˵뷨
˵ʵڵľʵ޷֧һдʥҪǿȣֱдһʥ顣
ʥѡ񣬲ǡμǡ¾׾ȣǾԿԳɾʥġ
һ龭ҲгΪʥǱʡ
ֻ龭񻰹²࣬һЩ쳯Ŵ¡ŹּţȻӵдʵԲǺܴ
ԣһԴҲܹɾʥ飬ġ¾׾޷Ტ۵ġ
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鿤Ȼô˵ȴԼԼоĿдʥ
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˵꣬뿪ԼǰԶũҼȥ
һߣ˷鿤ԼŮСࡣ
ҿԴˣھ߰ɡ
СһСع鿤뿪
鿤ãĿСһۣȻͣ˸һ֪˼ʲô
ԣԲԣ
С鿤˼æʹҡͷ˵ԲܹǸ׿󣬶ҾͬĻүҲӦġ
Ҫһ棬ĸ͸ҵһۡһĵشֻҪѷ¸װһ£ͻһĵ档
鿤ûСȰ˵ʼҪƷ
ĻôֻҪṩīֽ⣬ۡͯԼӡɣīֽϹһ˼ƷıīֽҪ۾һǧңıīֽҪ׼ʮףĻҪ3ҡ
һ֮鿤˿ҪļǮ
ôңǰҲֵСǮһ
Сôһ˵鿤һ㶣ȻʱĺѾͷŲһͭӵļ۸
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СһҲʱͣٶ˵
룬һ200ң뿪󻹲ܴһʣֻܹȥҸҪӦôҾͰȥҵȥѹ
鿤Ѿ˿ҪƷ˵ȥҪˡ

ײ֪鿤Ѿ˾ʱһǼªġ̯ºһࡣ
ߴߴ
׺ȵĺܿ죬ûôԱǸʯͷӲͷҲʵԲȥ
úȣϰڸһ룡
һ֮׻ûй񫡣
磬ǵǮ͹һ˺һģûĻͺɡ
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׿һû࣬ɫʱ쳣ѿ
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¸һʱ򣬾͸æס֣˵ǸԲ㣡
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²̫׵˼ѾϰˣǰЩ׻û޷𴲵ʱ򣬶Եġ
ǰǷµծ̫ˣⱲӶҪծˡ
аԸ̾һȻ˵¶ǲˣȥԴ͡


14 Ǿ
磬㲻ֺͿ˰ɣûǮȥԵġ
²İȻСĴ˴žͰһ㣬Сűϵȥ
һ׿һ˿Ц⣬Ȼһסµһ¾ͰһӶȥˡ
ǵ࣬ʲô
ûˣµСʱͨ졣
˵ˣ첻࣬ȥľ¥ҪԴͣԺҲΪһˡ
˵꣬°Ǯˣžľ¥Ǿȥ
ǾӲľ¥ȴõľ¥
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֮һŵĵطܾһеĵס
ңһ޷Ǿӵģֻѧ߻Ǵٹ˲ſԳ롣
һЩƷ²õĴٹ壬ﶼл롣
ǰΪݷǳ֮󣬶ŲٲƲÿһǾӵʱ򶼻ܵ
Ǿӵ鷳Ǿ붼Ҫˡ
Ȳ˵ĺ̨Σ͹ÿǾӵЩٹˣǾӳͷùǰ׵һƤġ
ǣѾǸ竵ˣѾ飬ԽҪȥǾӺúõĳһ١
Ǿӣǰ
ɣһҶɢŨ֮Ȼһĵط
վǾӵĴǰ۲Ǿӵ档
ȿңϵɷ裬һ֪ǳԴ֮ס
Χ֮дֵˣʷ⾳Ѿһ־硣
֮⣬׻ע⵽Ǿǰʯʨӡ
ʯʨӲΪ׳֮ͫ׾ȻתһȦȻĶס
һʨ໥۲ʱһʯʨӾȻһ˵ףѾ˵ܶˣûʸǾӡ
ʯʨӵɴ۾ǻ¶˼Ļв֮ǳԡ
走ʯʨӶңǰ׵жʧܡ
׼ʯʨӶԼ̬Ⱥһơ
ѾƳϰˡ
ȿȣλʨ֣ȻһӵܣѸĹ£飬ӦʸǾӣ
׿һΣȻ㽫龭ӻ˳
Ȿ龭ڶҪһֱϡ
ϾҪⱾ龭˵ߣҲһǳ鷳顣
鶪ʧԭȻԹͨطдķʽϵݸ
ǣҪǱĳǿĴӡˣôҲвͨ
ڵʥ飬вٱ塢߲ӡš
ǽʾ֭Ҳ޷ڽٻ
Ȼ׵ġ龭ûгҪס߷ӡҲûжǿϸûҡ
˵ҪǶˣָʲôʱܹһ
飡֮
ʯʨӿ龭󣬷׷¶˾ݡ
ǳǾӣȻ֪һܹɢжѵġ
ǣôҲ벻ⱾߣȻףǸ
λʨ֣֪ҿɷУ
׼𾪵ɫ֪ԼѾ˽ȥı׼
ʨҪǲУҲǿ
ô˵ԷֻǴٻʯʨӣҪǷԼҪ˵ûеطȥ
ⱾϢȷʵⱾߣȥɣ
ʯʨȻԸ⣬ǾӵĹأѾӵ˽ȥʸ
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׶ʯʨӵһл߽Ǿ֮С
ǾӵĴк󣬶ʱвۼ˿ˡ
磬ǾӵѼߣûôǮ¸ܵ˵Ŀ׶˵һ䡣
²֪׵ôģʵڲ붪ˡ
ΪǾĶеݵˣʶ׸һЩǰѡ
֮ǰûʸǾӣȴУʱȽܻӭ
ֻԴװҹ˺ҲѧˣЩͬȻҪܾˡ
ڸѾûͻȻ׳Ȼ˲˵ĺ档
ټϣֵѾǣ׳֮󣬶ʱͳΪǾӵĽǡ
һЩ¥¥żڵˣŴһС죬ҪҪʲô
ף벻Ҳнһ졣
˵֮ʱ󣬷ֱջ꣬ԲŻʸİɡ
ǾڵϢͨö֪ôġ


15 ۵
һǾӣʳ;ͿʼΧ
ɾ֮ʱҲ˵Ʒʲ
ⲻҪģ˵ʱдһ£ĵ2д֮黹ɢ
1֣2¾㣬ѲгɾʥƷʲɣ
Ǿڵ˳˳Է衢֮⣬Ҳ໥һ¸Թĵ顣
ⲻ׳ֺ󣬻ÿһĻ⣬顣
磬߰ɣ
ѾǰĺСˣĲ뱻˵㡣
õģȻûǮ飡µ㷢οһ䡣
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ԣ׺֮Ǿڲûˣв˺Ŀף㿴ճ
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ڶԿסʱҲвٽܳŮԴ壬ԼŮʥ
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ŮͷȻ󻹿ѷŲŲ
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Ի֮䣬ĺ֮ڣ֮£֮ǳ֮ʱҪ̫֮ꡣΣز٣Ψʥͨ
۵ĵһΡ
ǺѿּѵдһΡ
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ĹҪˮַݡ
д仰ʱԺͻȻһ
УһΰĵӣһĶŹ֮ʿ
ĸ
֮ױ㵽ǵš
ֻǣΪԼῴ·׶˵仰һ㡣
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׳ڻ֮ʱͻȻȻ˳˻
ܣǾֵˡ
ѹ׾֪Լڵ״̬ºڼдȥˡ
ǿдȥôһˡ
ǣΪʵԼԣΪóһͣȻңдĸǾ仰
д3ҪľǷǳǿġ
Ҫ֪ױͨˣЩӵǿҲҲлӵǿ־Ѫıҡ
Զ˵дһĿͷǺѣҪдݣ˵̫ˡ
ǣ׻ûҵİ
ԣд۵ĵһ仰ʱ׵ɫѾǲ԰ˡ
ڣҪдһλ
ĸԻȻвΣ¶ɱ¾زӭ٣ȶʳ
дʱͻȻеԴһΣ̲סĲ
ʹ·ϵÿһƤڱõһʹ
ǿдĺѾﻢˡ
д鲻жʱ̫һʱûмдȥžһյҵʱ䣬ôطͻԶжȻʼдµЩݶ


16 Ľ
ݲȫĻôĶ϶ܵӰ졣
ҪһǰݲǺܺã߳ΪĻп˶ȡʸ񣬳Ϊͨ鼮
飬绹ܳ
£۳СȻʥ֮ͨҲ
ƴȫдһ䡣
д֮˫˫ۡ˫ǿסǶһѪҺ
Ѫʮ꣡
Ҷ𾪵Ŀס
һԵŮ׵״̬󣬶૵˵Ϊһٷֵ𣿡
ֵãУֻҪܹùĺãܹÿģôκδ۶ֵõģ
仰жΣʵûж˵
£ᶼѾʪȹڣ֪׾ԲԸޣȻᣬûп޳
ܸ˵飬ֻϧĵ3òƲô
Ůпһ䡣
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âûãһϯǾӡ
ڶ۷壬磡
ŮŵԼɫɫʱһ
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ңд꡶龭ĵ3֮ûоʹ˽
ֻԽԽŨԽԽ࣬ЩȻǾڻûһʢɫ
ףɻ
ŮֱԼ۾ܹɻ飬Ҳûм
Ǹ飬ۿһСʱҪ100ңɽҵĻҪ150ҡ
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17 ⵥ
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18 Ůѧ
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ȻΪ£ȻԸȥǾͲȥ


19 
˵Ժ׾Ϳʼ鿤顣
ף⼸ҾѾ˹˶ʮ˼Ʒīֽ⣬ʮ˼Ʒıīֽ⣬ٷ˼Ʒıīֽ⣬дĻ㹻ˡ
ܺãƷˣ
鿤ôīֽ⣬֪Գˡ
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鿤ŮСֻ࣬Ǽ򵥵ĵһлʼ鿤ƽ
ѾͷϹ˵ʲô˭Ҫ죡
鿤С࿪ڣֱӴĻеţһ֪˲Ϸ
ȻѾǺϵˣԺʲô黹붼ң鶼Լһ˵زȻ᲻ʡ
޹أС߰ɣ
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һҪʱȥ׼


20 ˼
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һƪƪдϵЦҲԽԽԡ


21 Զ
ڶ죬峿
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˵ţΪ֮ʱڤڤΪԶ͹ͬġ
˵ʱ򣬱ôһ˿ôһ˿ź
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ֻҪԶӢľˣǾûʲôǲܵ顣
Ҫǣڵ״̬þͷһ㡣
ҲȷҼԶӢ飬һжֻҵһΡ֮һԵʱҷ·Ǹͽʮ꣬Ȼ۵֮¡ˣҵġ龭3£ԴһԻֻϧ
׼߹£˵ʱϧĸ̾һ
ֻϧѹ֮˺ܶණֻɢɢļһЩԶ͵ĻҲд꡶龭3º󣬲Ÿոġ
һ˵꣬˵Ŀһͬеˡ鼮档


22 ֮
ϣкܶ͡
е˵һеԴҲе˵һеյ㡣
ǣٵ֣һϵ
ĵϵһĸٻ䡣
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ףڷĽˡ
鿤п˵ڣȻҲʲôȻԶоģµֵһ˲䣬ͻ֮һµķͬʱһףҲ˲Ϊʥ飬ֱӽʥֻҲ֪׻ĸ񵥡
ʥ졢ء
˰ͣߡ
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塢ʱ޿̲ҵʥ飬ȻǴݻٻ߷ӡ
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ӳԭΪ˸ԼȻҲԼһ¡
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Ѿд飬𵽵òǺܴǷǳġ
ţֻҪһʥһ֣ôһеĶ֮ȥȴĽǹ

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ףһϵǸϵǺֻ֣ҪǶõϵõĽҲеĻôҿ·ĽȻҵõǲַǳϡ٣Ҳʮġ
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ӵ߶ص編編κΧ
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ȻûУܹ˴ôô׸ɴųڷ磬ԶʹһµϵҪϺõĲϡ
һһ˰ѲϸףôȻԷֵһЩô
ײں˷罱ΪƵ㴴ĺôһ˵ˣҲԸһС
ΪûˣҲûǿİ֡
ǣݺôֳȥͿԵõһЩǿѣֻҪԺЩѵõĺôͻԽԽࡣ
£ﵽٵһزʱ򣬿²뵽˻ңΪ׵ѡ
ΪһٳΪŵĻᣬûԸ


23 Ů=ã
鿤Ҳɵ׵Ҫ󣬾ʹ²µ׵ͼ
ףǴλᣬ£һԼ𣿡
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Ȼˣо仰Ҫ㣬Ǿ¹شƿǧܹĺôָңСҲҪСġ
һҪ
У鿤˵Ҳǳ
ҵСңһҲƿ߼С
ǳΪѣһԷ̰ͼΪĻһ취ûеġ
ֻҪңͶԼֶΡ
ƥ
ĸ綼һġ
ˣȻҶǸʵҲһΪƵ˼֮ϡ
Ȼ崦Σ֮Уǿȡ֯ɺܶ࣬ڣкܶ˶Ը⿴㹦͡
鿤˵仰ʱԥΣ˵˳
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ѵҵΪƾһСŮӣͿƭеĲƲΪһСŮӣͿһҹΪһСŮӣܹ黹ܽԺѧϰ𣿡鿤һ˵ţһߴӻóһš
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鿤һ㣬Ҳһˣ˵Σ
ףЩаеǸŮˣҵķֳҵ󡣡
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ݣʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ׶Ůйܶ룬ܶĲ²⣬û뵽ŮȻãͬĸá
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ĸμӱ߾֮սһ²ʱشһŮصңղС
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֪Լǲ¶ˣΪ鿤ŸԼԾ˼ˡ
ܺ㣬ʱǿԶϵġ
˵ûо׼ʱǡꡢ¡աĸеģֻꡢ˫ظģÿһңÿһе㷨һ
㲻ȥʱ䣬ֻҪΪʲôԶֱϵӵܵݣֻǴ˼űһң˵۹ı뵽ˡ
ԣġܶںƽʱڣǵ۹
Уջף׵ĲƲǲɢҵֱϵӵܣⲻԵı
һȻڼģʱߣϾͿȷݡ
ݾ׵ãͬĸá
˸ȥ⵽ʲô࣡ΪʲôŮͬĸãһĸ׶ĸײʲȡ
׶ʱЩˡ
ף֪󣬵鷳ں档Ϊò˶þͻᴫǡ
ʲô㹫Լݣ
ѾˡѩԺùϵлָ֮ŮݣΪѩԺŻӦ
鿤ְûᵽҪʱڣֱӸס
ԺҲΪҵŰɡ̾һ
ڴڣϮĺ֮λǿͨһЩֶαߵġ
һǰᡣ
ȣǼ̳˺֮λˣƷǳĲá
һ϶ղ֤ݣ磺ѧŰͯʥ֮鲻һˡ޶ȣ˵ȵȡ
ΣһԺԺ֧֡
ԺԺͬĹԱڵѩԺԺ൱ƷԱλͨᲢۡ
һԺֺ֧󣬽˫սˡ
Ȼ˵սһǲҲԡ
ֻǲ͵ڲʹڵһ㱾ޣҲսʤ


24 鷳
սʱһֵע⡣
Ǿսʱ򲻿ʹңʹõҲֻһ
ȻʥĻҲʥս
֮ԲʹңΪÿһңǶԿסԴ
ڸ۹֮ڣɱ֮⣬ǾԽʹҽսġ
սͬʱҲˣ
Ҳ˵սôƴľ飬Լ
ãôսͻռƣǰʵøϡ
Ȼһʥ飬ûһҲޱȣʥûʥһġ
ôһĻҪ붯һԺԺȻ׷սô׵֮λе㲻
ףҵĴѩԺԺòѾ˵ˣȻûж㷢ս϶ΪͻȻд飬һսͻᱻָǳ֮ΣԲŻȹһʱ䣬ñΪ㹻ʱ䷢չټս
ǣ鴫˳ȥֻһΪǿĺ֮λҪ֮ǰͱ˺֮λҪ鷳ˡ
鿤ķܲ϶ʵ
һʲô鷳
׵ļУּ塢ر٣һ鿤
ףĺ֮λᣬôֻѡ񡣡
һ³Ϊҵӵܡһ³ΪҵӣͿ㣬ȻøֶΥҹ棬㣬Ȼߴɱ
УֻҪҶȨΥҹӵܡ
ڶҪ뿪ңǰǰЩĻԴʮ죬ʮ޷壬ҪǩūԼõūķȥ
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˵֮ɲԴԻġ
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״鿤У֪һгˣ޷ԼֻһʮĺӣȥǸԺҲû飬ôԺг
ף㸸׵ԺŮΪ飬¶Ժʱ򣬿Ǳ˺óʱء
ۡ
ز֪ΪʲôǰΪӵܰ
ֱӡ֤˵ϵһ仰丸ӡ
ǰĸ׾Ǹүǰܺõĵȥ
ңǰ˾ˣԼô鷳
ף㻹ðɣ
鿤ǰһ̫ġ
û£ҡҡͷ˵⣬ʮ֮˾šοÿһѶһսֻҪսɹȻҲջ񡣡
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ʵķչ̫鷳ˣҪﲻҵˣôʧȥеĲƲ
ƫƫͬĸãֱǰ·ϱơ
Ȼ֪ٸʲô֤ģⷽϣٸ϶ǲٵġ
ô˵ĸҲǴŮĹԱҲϣ֮λߡ
ʵˣҲûκΰ취
⣬ʮ֮˾ţÿһѶս鿤ظ׵Ļʵ仰еǵһ˵ѵո𣿡
ǰɣ
û뵽ϼÿ˶ĻﾹȻΪ䡣
ȻǸԶʮˣлתΣΪ
Σ鿤ڶеˡ
飬ܷﰲҼһѩԺԺ
֪䣬Ѿ鿤ˣԣӦǵһСˣĳƺҲǿֱ鿤
Ȼԣ㲻ý飬ɡ
鿤Ȼˣ׸ıƺҲܸˡ
׽ǳơ
ֻһ˵꣬зԼ̫嶯ˣǸæܳ׵ķ䡣


25 ÿ
鿤һܣСҲæ˳ȥ
ԼķʹԼҽôˣôܹǸСӽҵǳƣôǲ̫ˣô룿᲻ϲ
鿤飬֪Ǻá
ղĺ¸ңҪ¸һ㣬ȥֻҪȢͿμսͺˡ
Сվ鿤ԱߣϳЦ⡣
ȻָϣΪҵˣսô׵ļ˶԰æӭս
ֻܹӺͺӣֵܽǲԵġ
״ʱԸȢ鿤Ϊޣô鿤ͿԴ׳վ
Ȼﲻ鿤ǿսĻֻҪ֣׳Ϊʥʱٰ׽鿤ĻͿɻʤסľλ
ûʥ飬鿤ƾ飬Ҳսʤʤʲǰٷְ١
ڼҲӮҲòأΪǰѾ־ݰһжҲκж
Ǹ־ڣΪΪҵļ޷һ¡
˵׵ǰ氮ôһ
Ȼˣڵ׸е֮ӣֱӡ

鿤̾һĵʵС࣬оҪҪ׻𣿡
ᣬȲ˵үӦүͬ⣬ֻҪǿİһףһᾡܵԶ뿤
Сྭ⼸׵ĽӴԺɵĵóۡ

鿤һԣʹҡҡͷŬԼȥ顣
С࣬ȥһԺ
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ʱ仹鿤ҪȥԺǣߣȻİҲǺܴ󣬵ΪԸȥһ¿³ɹҲҪǷԺԺһ顣

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ͽ콫˹Ҳ
ĪģԺ뵽ѧʱѧһƪġ
ˣһƪʺڵ̬ϲûСӡҿ԰д龭档
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¶УѾ뵽˳龭ĵ4¡һ˵ţһ߰ѱīֽⶼ׼ˡ
̫ˣҪ𣿡ҲԵΪ׸ˡ
ţҪңûҵĻֻҺдꡣ
ûֱдԭɲھһѪˣָоʵ̫ʹˡ
磬⼸Ѿ11ңѾﵽĽףҲá
4Ҹոյõĸ̣ûǣϵҪ̫ҡ˼˵
ǰε飬ѾһЩɡ
ֻҪйأͻĵܶľֻͨ˸Ļĵľ˵١
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Ϊ˰ȫ¶ȥ鿤ٽһЩɡ룬ջ
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´ӦһȻæȥ鿤ҡ
κΣʱ鿤ѾȥѩԺˣ¸Ҳˡ
Ƭ֮
»ص׷УźĶ˵磬ȥˣ
ôǾͲˣƾ¶ң㹻дһˡ
ײٶȣʵڽ飬ҲԸȥ
鿤Ҳ٣ʣĽҺǷ鿤顣
УѾע⵽鿤ĸ飬ԵǨֻͣҪǸ˶ܹܵ
ֻ׶ûκγĸ飬ҶԷڸ⣬ҲǷ롣

ʴдʱͻȻһ
ɻĿһ۴ţ˷š
һϤŮ±ʵС磬ʲô𣿡
¶С㣬һҵС˵ҪүȻ˵˺үûţ˵ҪүСŮСİ¡
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һҵС㣬ʶľͿʼ˼ڣһҡ
˵ԡС˵ţȻǲ˼˵
򸮶𣿡
ʱ˹ýСĻ
ԣ˵򸮣Ǻүá
ȻѾ˵ôСҲͲŤŤˡ
֮Բ˼˵ΪѾµǶ׼ҲŮˡ


26 
˵СǲŮţ׵ġ
ǣ˭֪鿤ò٣Ȼ򣬿ʵȴƿеټд⹫С绹Ĳ
û취˭ֻһŮء
ãӵܣôܣ
»֪飬Լո顣
¶īȥȥͻء
ô˵ȴ߲ưȻң¾Ҫһˡֻ¶С
磬֪ǸŮ˶Բԣ֮ǰס˵飬ǸŮԲԣ
ºǴϻۣڿ˴ݵĽ飬µеԵɡ
¶Ͳùˣǳ鷳ԼģҪľǰīȻһȥд顣
ϰԵҪµͷֵһ˲䣬ץסֹ֣Ķ
磬ѾСˣ㲻Ӧҵġ˵ͷ׵֣ȻС·ȥ
鷳ˡ
ε̾һղǼᶨгů

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˴£רŴ͵ķУȴ׵ĵ
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ޱϲͬʱΪ޴ĸı䣬ϧмҲȫõˣﲢһоûС
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Ȼɹ˱𣬱ǸԼĸ׵ˣû׵ЩֱǶꡣ
ǣһ취һµõ׵İ취
Ǹ취̫ˣðһգܲҵݾ
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Ϳ׸µӰ
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׽ŵһ˲䣬ͿһŻŮׯľ֮ϡ
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Ҫǣ䲻󣬵ǰ͹̣еĶС
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ԣӦѾɹɱǰȻҲ硣
һĻʵҪ˵ллء
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ŮûˣҪʱ˵ߡ
һŮҲ20ңΧȴźܴҲ˵Ƕˡ
׹۲ְעеŮϡ
ϣҪ鸱ĻôҪ߿ֲ
߱Ͼ޷Ҳ޷׷ӳܡ
ȻҲһЩ߻ᳬԽͬëǣ̫ϡˡ
׸磬ּˡ
Ȫˮ顣
㲻ҪҸڼȻѾˣô͸Ͽ뿪ɡ
²˵ֱӾվ˳ҪϿ뿪
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˵֮ȻĿɬһЦ˲֪ĽǼٵĽ
ֻһĨɬһţıͱñ£Ȼ׸Ϊ֮ܵ˺ֱﲻꡣ
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֪ΪҪԼͷΪ顣
֮鲻Ҫǣ¶׿ɲ뿴¸ﳳܣǶ֡
ǣɸæվ˵֪Ϊĸ׵ԭҪңʲô˵ɡ
ڲҵˣвƲѾУ¸гͻôԿһ¡
ҹɲϣ³ԿԲŻỰһתصԼϡ
ҲãҲ£Ҫ㵥˵仰
ʱҲٷϻʼֱ⡣


27 ߣ
ԣ
׵ͷȻ£ʾʱȥ
磬ԼСģҾ棡
Ȼܲģѡ뿪
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ذǵѹĻذ
׻Ե⼸죬鿤Ѿذ׸˻
˻ذ£սҪûʱǿ5
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ǣС㣡
뿪ҲŮ뿪
һھֻʣ׸ˡ
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﷭֮ھȻԵ޹ʳѩ
ѩûأǷ˿ܣۿɼٶγһƬѩǽ
ɣѵҪҶ֣
׼Χʶľһ
ȻҲ飬ǱľߣҲûңĶ֡
׸磬ѾǵĻһΣǷԸһ򸮣
ﲢҪףǶһʡ
Ͱ£Ķףȴ׵Ĵ𰸡
һΣʱ𣿡ͷתܿ뵽˴Խһ顣
һһòŮˣ뵽ķ䣬ȻҪңǱܾˡ
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ôһʣȴ÷Ǽ飬û̫
ʵ˵飬״Խǰһʴ
׸磬֪ҵΪģɱһ
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׸磬Ѿ븴ˣֻһֵΪҲνֻҪ߾ͺá
ﲻ֪׵뷨ڷֱӰе뷨ȫ˵˳
һ׽⿪˺ܶɻ
һǰڼҲƱһ죬Ѿ֪ݣȻܲס̼ɱˡ
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ڶǾԭϲףΪҲ¸𣬿ǼҲףѼҲףô϶صޡ

һЩϢ漴˵о˵Щ𣿡
壡ǿ뿪ǣ뿪ֻҪ׸ϲĻȥﶼԣǴҲνֻҪ׸ܹ߾ͺá
Ҳסеĸ飬һ˵һ߳嵽׵ĻУ׽ıס
ôһпЦѣԭˣǰĿİˣǰܹ֪Ҳһְοˡ
ȥȥɣѾˣҸõˣĲƲҲĸԸĸ㣬ϣЩƲֲһЩ׷µĴ󡣡
ƿȻ˵ǰĸס
һеĻʵǸˡ
ô˵Ҳϣתעܹپ
ֻҪﲻټҲ㲻ﶷˡ
Ѿ֪ҪɱˣټȷʵǷôĲƲֺη
ƾԼԺе鼮õʮٱĲƲ
ԵֵģãֻҪҲףͿһֱڸߣ¸ȢҲνϲĻһ԰ȥףҵС㡢ˮҵС㣬鿤Ҳû⡣
Ѿ뵽һƫִ״̬ھҪһֻҪǷʲôɣȥ
㡭
ҲĻֻҪߡ
׻Ȱһû˵ְ꣬

ѩƮ裬ˡ
ףѾܹڵҾҪ뿪ǡ
Ȼ㶯ǿа״ߣܷڣ׾Ȼûа취
ȵȣлú˵һжǸᣬᰡ
׷ȴвͣ˵šᡢᡯǰȴѡ龭˳
ա龭һ˲䣬׾͸ܵһůЩסѩҲΪˮ˵ϡ
ˮʱûκεˮֻǻΪһƬޣʧ֮䡣
壬Ȿˡ￴龭󣬶ʱǰһ
Ҫ֪е֮УܹԲ20дĽˣԲһ֮


28 
׸磬Ȼ㾭˺ܶд飬ľ̫ˣԻǷֿɡ
Ȼд飬ȴĳ̫⡣
ˡ
Ļһ䣬ѩ˲һ˲Ͱװ
䣬û򰡣̫ˡ
׽龭ǰǿԼιȥ

͵׿Ҫֲ֧סʱͻȻһ󶣶졣
棬¶ǣ
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鿤Խ˵ԽСɴ඼˵Щʲôˡ
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仹Сŭģû뵽һ㡣
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ҪǽֵĻ붼֪Ҫܡ
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鿤Ҳǿ͡
ȻҲѵһ̫ͬĹˡ
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ΪǴѳɣʱ鿤㶯ҲǵõһЩǮıѡ
Ƕ֣ǵòʧ
飬ղŶлˣĻֻѾˡײûи뿪ȶ鿤˾л
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˴󵨣ϲġ鿤һĽΪԼ飬Ҳ˵Լ˵Ļ
飬Ȼ˼ɣɲÿһŮеġ
е㳬ˣҪ˼һˣȥһ˼ҡ
ţ鿤ͷ׸Ҫת뿪ϽסףˣҪĶ
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׽ӹźҲûݣԼķȥ
֮鿤ַԸǣ䷿ݵļҾ߸ŻȻҲüͷصķС


29 ʱϵ
׻صһƨɾ˴ϣл͸¶Ϣ
벻ǰȻɱﻹϲǰΪǰľٶһĻ˵Ļᷢս
ŸղŵĶԻײ֪ǸЦǸÿޡ
սľʵʵķǽѧϰҪҪľңȻûܵİ
׺ԼһжҪ˵
ֻҪ㹻ңͿԽѧϰ
ңһҪ翪ֻҪһš龭סһ԰׬㹻ңʱҾͿԴӻʼѧˡ
˼һĶ
ڣȻѾ֪ϲԼҲͲ̫Լʱ򣬻ᱻ
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Ϊһ㣬׿ԴȷԺᷢսҪ˩ߣҲðű׼Ǻ޵Σȥ
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ûй̶ꡢ£ȻԻ֡졯Եȴûʮʱ¾׼
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ʱɡʱʮ֧д꡶μǡƪֻⱾ˲ͻΪʥɡ
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ڣɲܵдμǡ
Ϊһֽʥ֣ôضʥסע⡣
һֻ¡μǡϢһȥͻĿӣԷпֱ齨ӹǣȻߡμǡӡߴ۸ġ
ʥǿԱ۸ĵģֻҪܴĴۡ
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׵ǰͬʱ鿤ĸۡҲֻ࣬Ҫѡҹ˾ʱ򣬱ضû˲£μǡĿƪд
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д飬˼죬ջǲдμǡκˣ¸鿤Ҳߡ
μǺп䶯Ҫ֪䣬ܻӵںˡ


30 
ײ֪μǣһԭǾ뱣һ
ɫ磬ȥ¶ɡ
ʰ飬׾뿪˷䣬֪ǳҪο

µķڡ
ʱһڴͷ˫۳ãΪʲôΪʲôûǸŮ֣ΪʲôԡѩôѵҾĲĸŮ𣿡
һ뵽ֳĳеԹԿơ
ѩһ飬ƷҲĽף׵ġ龭һ
׵ġ龭Ÿո¶ѣѩѾ걾ˡ
Ȼ걾Ҳдһþͻȼ
ʱ򣬾ͳѩҲһѡѩԼ顣
ϧǣ򲻵ѩĸ壬ԾͷⱾ鵱Լս顣
Ҫ֪ȻٻڵƷٻĶ١ǿ˸йϵ֮⣬ҪĻҪ˶һж
ֻҪĹʹѧϰҡսʱ򣬶ʡܶࡣ
κΣʱûѩ壬Ҳû㹻һȡѩȫ
ҵļҹ棬Ҫͬȼֵңش͵ӵܲſԵõ顣
ﲻֻܹĶѡ
ҵĲƲˣҲͿκʹҵκһ顣

׸µķ䲻ǺԶֻ軨2ӣƹһС԰µǰ
ǰԥ˺þòֱ˽ȥ
ŵģϸ֮󣬷µĹϵǿԲŵģǱֱƿ˷š
֨ѽ
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ҪдǱīģû취顣
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δңãã˼
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˵İ飬ǰٲ顣


31 鳯
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׶ܵǿϢʥıûбǹ֮


32 ʱ
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״̬ǷǳΣյģеʱ͵Ϯûκλ·


33 ʯƬ
ڽʱȻΪֱɢҲΪʧȥͨ޷ص硣
һֻ顣
֮Ըʱ򣬾Ͱ뵽ʥ棬һΪ鿤ĸۡܰȫֻǴȥûҪʱ档
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ڿǸʯĵһۣ׾֪յʯ
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ֻײʱ̴Ʒõģʱġ
Ȳʵˣ¶ڵҳԷ
8˵Ѿˣһ㶼6𴲣ȻʼһĶ顢ġ
ЩӵܣһҲʱ𴲡
رĳ⣬Ͼÿһ綼ˡ

ԺڣһͤС
Ůĸ£ĵȴ׵ĵ
˺һײ
磬
׺¸æֽ
СͤǰͷֵĵطСͤ԰Զһǳˡ
õطǮ˵ǺðԸ緹ô̹
ߣһƨĶ棬ȻҲÿӣֱſ͡
һ㶣˺һŻعζȻСͨĽһС鲻֪࣬ÿӷ뵽׿С


34 Ӱ
ţζ
״Խ󣬵һγԵ⡣
ȻôḻƷû˵
ٴӽڸ׾ͿȷڵϾǾƷࡣ
¶ͳ⣬Ҳ³𣿡
磬ѵǵ𣿡˵֣Ц˵ѧ˵ֻṩֻЩѧóˣŻΪֵġ
⻰һ˵꣬ʱ׶֪һ㡣
ԭϵ࣬ÿһٷ벻ġ
ǳڵͨգԼݵ⡣
΢µ˼ңͻȥԻҰޡ
ǮģͻṺ⡣
Ȼһ֣ǲ壬ֻܹһЩҰޡ
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ǿ⣬ôпܾʮ
ԭˣҽҪһˡ
һڶʱž⣬ڴڵĳ
ͣ
׵̲ⷬסЦ
ʱҲһЦʵΪ˶£Ż¶̬ġ
ˣôûм飿
֮ͻȻûп鿤Ӱ
ү˽ˣȥʥ顣ˣûĽ𣿻УΪʲôֱ䣬Ĺϵʲôʱôˣ
һ˺ü⣬ÿһе㲻ûش
ǸҵȻĽˣһ޾Ľסءڽҫ֮£Ѿ
װٵĽ
ֵʱȻ֪ķΧ󣬵ȷܲġ
ãýһԼӵ顣
̫ˣ
ӵҲǷǳˡ
ΪֻſԱ֮Ϊ
ûĶˣߵĳƺͯ
㻹ûΪʲôĹϵһӱôˡ
ȻΪ׸еˣû׸鿤ϵõ顣
Ҳ֪Լôˣϣ׸鿤ùϵģһ׵Ľг鿤֣ôһŤ
¶һǸ㽲°ɣ
У
½ǣǰɽɽ
Ҳ
иϺڸСн£ǽǴǰɽ
Цþò

ڡ
ʱټһѵ£귢顣
ԣվż꣬Ǿĺӣ鿤վ档
ʵûлϯֻ顣
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ϣ˵˳
Ȼ֪ڳ˾˽ʥֵ飬Ϊ˴򿪻⣬˵һ顣
ʥǣаյʱǿмõӳͻ˽λִô֪ܲ
ʥʱͥԺУҿ۳˸ʥйصʥͬʱһͼʥʥצӣʧ
ʥ״Ź֣滹кܶûмķţǸݴҵƲ⣬Ǹʥпܸʱ䡯йء
ܹΪıʿҳȻЩµˡ
Ȼ֪ʱ̣ܹ³ʱ̸ʱйϵ
ȻҲǷһĽ
飬Ҳͨջ˯ž
΢еʶģЩλˣԻ᳹ҹѰֵԭ򡢵ص㡢ϵȵȡ
Ҳ⣬Ҳҹд˺ܶţȻܰ˳
ֱЩŰ˽ᡣ
λȻѾ֪ҪԣôҪģѰǸʥˡȻʲǺܸߣҪһԡ
ˣ
ڶ仰ֱˣĿľҪҵʥˣܹõʥԭ
ķѾȷʥ߳ɵĿܣڴ塣
ΪĻǾԲȥһҹûзϢ
ϾһʥһңֱӱɶŵĴڵġ
ҲСеΣա
ʥػֻҪСһЩչʱ䣬ҲɿԳɳΪš
ʥ߲ûͨ£˵Լš
Żõۡ
Ͼʥ߲ңôʥͿܱ˵õ
ҲΪҪѰʥߵԭ
ңڲʥߣҲԻϵ飬ʼѰʥߡ


35 
ʥңֻǹһ˵ĻԻǡ
ǻҲԻøɰʥ뵽ʹУȻڸʥ伸
ö֮ʥ֮ôʥǻҵġ
˳һ£ʥԭǰǲܹġ
黹ûǰһЩŹֵֶǿʥԲܡ
ǣһץʥߣȻԼҵŮʥߣȻһӣͬʱǸӡ
ȵպʥ֮ôͿԵõʥˡ
ıɱʥ£û˻ȥġ
ΪʥػֶƽʱֻҪ˻ɱ˾ͻữΪǿ䣬ɱʥߵ˸ΪҵĴۡ
塢ҪɱʥߣҲҪ㹻Ĵۡ
Ҳûʥ߱ɱ
ĵ伮УʥĴɱ֮¡

ˣʥѾˣΪͶ򴫡λġ
ҳѰʥߵʱͻȻһĽֱܽڣʥİ廻
֮ǰ͵õ񣬱֪һʥϢصһʱϢ
ʥԼ¼ʥ飬Ͷ򴫡ʱҲǵһʱ䱻¼ģʥʥ֮С
ʥز񵥣˸޷֪ı仯
ʥصĹأʥһһʥ֣Ͳһΰ񵥡
εİ񵥣֮ûκα仯
һ仯Ҳ˶˷ܲˡ
Ͷ򴫡ѵһ𣿡
ΣʥضѲʥߣǱ뵽ʥ֮У
ĻôǸӦҵⱾʥ飬ܹṩ塢鱨
ȫʥ飬Ҫһ˿
֪ıʿҳͷ׷뿪ӣʼȥʥļƻ
ɢȥŶԼĺ˵Ǽ⼸첻ҪǣҪǵĻҪһ飬ʿ
ǣ
ʵô˵ĺҲˡ
ϾʥʵԿҲԿ
ˣضǴ̽鱨ʱҪǳǸ졣
Ȼǵľʥ鶼ˣ̽ģһɳǿĴڣӱ
ˣǶȥɣ£
Ϻ󣬱㵥
ʲô𣿡Сһ䡣
Ȼˣû˵ǲǸǸߵ̫ˣ˵Ϊ򣬾Ȼ
ûУ
Ȼ֪ô֪£ڲʱ
ôԴҵĸۡȻԵ޹ʻҵĿƵĸ
֪ϲףҲӦףӦǲܵģΪ㣬ʵǡĿ޾ǶԼܹӮңҾͲԶס
̬Ⱥε̾һ
׵ϲֻ˺ǸСӵԸӦñҸϾҪˣȻҲΪʥ顣
˵仰뿪˷䡣
ҵȻ֪ԶԸ񣬵ҵԱףԶҶףǲġ
鿤ߺ󣬲˵仰

鿤ĸۡС
¿ĵĳ緹µָ£һʱ塣
˵ϵѧȻ棬׾һʱĶȻûӣоϷǳá
Ȼ׿ĵģʱܹһµġ
ݵİ죬ᵽڵûйĿ֡
Ҹܹһֱȥͺˡײźˮһ߰Ը̾
ȻǴԽߣС˵ҪƾǿĽָȥ£Ҫôɳʥߵõʲôġ
Ҫģ뾲ػԼںˣܹǸһֵ
ʵ뷨һģֻϧ׵Ѿһ꣬ͱ˵˼
׸£ȻãǶϲԷһ
ϲֻǺܵϲûвĶ
磬Ѿī׼ˣһ
ˣˣ
һУ׸æСܵĽ뵽鷿
ʹд龭4µģֻϧʱĴˡ
ϵĻΪѪдˡͶ򴫡Ƴˡ龭д
ֱڣڳʱ䣬׼д龭ĵ4¡


36 ĳ
˵4µݣȻݲǵġ龭ûгֹдҲûйϵ
4¡ǻڰ֣
ʣֱд˵4µ½ơ
½ȻȻȴܷҪдĶ
콫˹Ҳȿ־ǡշСиΪԶԣܡ
˺Ȼܸģģǣɫ޷ҷʿ޵й⻼ߣȻ֪ǻ빲ڰҲ
һͳͳд꣬ûʹµңֻƾԼѡ
д֮ȻĲ٣ûãȻͻָ˹һһ֡
Ҫ֪а֮Լһ֣Ҳ͵һ֮
ߵĺô
˻Ѵʱȥһ飬һģܹõһ֮
Ǹ߽飬Ҳ顢֮
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ʥ͸˵ˣ׵ġͶ򴫡һƪõ֮ԼصĹʱ̡
˵鲢õĳ·ֻɹĽݾ
ǻڰ֣
׵4д֮ͻȻһϵĻ֮ڡ
鷿ĳͻȻһ䣬ΪһǳӼԼ鷿
ȻͬΪ鷿ĴСҾ߶Ȼͬ
ͬʱ鷿ǰһϥ֮ϡ
ߵòЩģȴϸܵ˴δйǿ
콵˹Ҳȿ־
׸³ֺ󣬾Ϳʼʶ4µ
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תͷһ£߶ʱ򣬾ȻǱĿ״̬
ѵʲô
ױתĿռ䣬Ȼ´״̬ͲܹرտռˣΪµ
Ҽ¶򡣡
пһ׾Ͷ鷿⿴

鷿⡣
鿤뿪󣬾ʹҴææĸ˻
һˣ׵λú󣬾ʹС鷿ǰ
⡭С࣬Ҽǵ鷿ӵģ
鿤鷿ĵһۣ֪ⲻԼ鷿
ǣ鷿λûд
Ϊʲôѵ淢ʲô顣
һˣ鿤ֱǰ˼Žȥʲô顣
ֻǣŸһ鷿ͱһ͵˳
鷿ȻݻģȻݻһ鷿ûǧ
鿤˽⣬Ҫ׶ٺü
ҲͬҿԶһ֮еϡٻ֮е
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Ҫڵĳ߰ڵĳҪſԡ
ңܹٻĻҲǸٻ߸
磬һӵа֮ˣһӵǧ֮ս
ڲʹǰ£֮ٻһ󽫾Ҳôùһǧ֮ٻС
Ϊ̫֮ˡ
Ȼ󽫾ֲһЩƣ̫Ҳûõġ
ȵȣҵĸϲûǧҲ˵鷿Ϊģͻ˽λӶɵ󡣡
鿤ͷתܿ뵽鷿仯ԭ
ˣ׼Ȼ棬ô˵һдˡ龭һγ龭ѾĽˣܹͻ׵Ļôȷԡ
鿤µķǳ
£ÿһƷʱ֮Ӧ
󲻻ߵһֽ編Ľ
鿤Ϊ׸е˵ʱСҲߡ
һоŽס׵Ÿյ4£Ѿﵽףдȥĺпܳɾʥ顣
ǰֻҪ龭Ϊʥ飬ôټϡĻʥʹˡ
ʱ鿤ϵЦǳԣܿɫֳС࣬ԶڵǣҼۼĸˣֻҪصһʱҡ
ˡ
Сõæȥ˰¡
鿤˸ط׳


37 ǻڰ
ʱţܿʱ͹ȥˡ
ˡ
һһ鷿ڱĿҲ˫ۡ
ľˣô¶Ҳˡ
˫ۺ׾ͷ鷿Ѿָԭ״æߡ
룬ʧûãҲ˫ۡ
¶ˣ׼ĵʵоôЩʲô
¼׺ȴһ룬˵磬𣿡
ȻңôˣײĿ£ʲô⡣
㣬㣡
ȻİѧϰʱֱӰҸ˰ɡ
׿óһг⣬µʲô顣
֮ǰҲ棬ǳǸ߶⣬ʲôûз֡
磬Һ㣡Ѱ˼ʱȴͻȻַŵ׵ϣ˵ôһ仰
ͬʱ׻ܹµ۽ǣֳˮ
¶㵽ôˣ
µᣬеˡ
жռУղҾĶǻ󣬵ø絣ġ
ԼᣬȻת뿪鷿
Ȼڵ̬Ҫġ
жռУղŵ¶뵽˱Ļ룿
״Щʲôҡҡͷ龭
ϡ龭׷ⱾֳһЩ仯ǾǷϵȻɢŵ⡣
ףĳ档ֻҪֳֳ龭Ϳֱٻе⾳ΪսȻҪ
鿤ߺ󣬱뵽鷿С
һ۾ͿɢĹ⡶龭
ϣֻﵽ֮ŻԶɢâ
زֻҪֳ飬ʱ԰ٻս
ϧһĻܹ뵽ˣÿһԶ˵ɶһء
鿤飬εҡҡͷ
׵еһӶϡ
鿤Ҳûһκòˣȴ֮
ΪʱѾʼˣԸ޷뵽С
飬ˡ
պ飬鿤˵˵ߣȥ˵ʥ𣿡
ʵ̽һĽȣϾױʥߣʥȻˡ
ţʥ¾Ҳ֪ⱾʥߵǺηʥȻƾʥ󣬾ͻٵʥһֻצӣܵش
鿤ҵһ£˵顣
ʥĺ䶯ҶѰʥߣʥѾ֪飬鿤һһס
ʥ棬Ȼûмʥ£ͼ¼ʥ֣ʥĵȼ
鱨Ҳǰ𾪡
Ȼ֮ǰҲ׼һʥͶ򴫡ˣе㵣ĵġ
ϾԷȻܹ֪˵лҵ
ող鿤˵ֻҪһЩĵĴ֪ʥǹһˣôضʥߵһţȻʥʥȨ
ֲϢ׸Լʥߵݡ
Ҿ֪ʥֻ鷳Һҵʱס˸˷顣װԸ̾һ䡣
֮˵飬ʥ̫ңԶˣ㻹ǰҰһȥѩԺԺȻ׼㷢ǵ۱ɣ
ת˻⣬ϾʥϣȻΪʥĳֶˡ
ףҷõǳʥ飬̬ȶôݲȣ·𡭡֪ʥһ
鿤׶ʥ赭дԼĮϵʱһĲͬ
⣬ֵ̫ˣ
ױ鿤ôһʣٿ鿤룬жʱеһš
ûбֳĽ龭ݸ鿤
ҵ½ڰɣ㿴Ҳܹһ
׼ǣһӰѡ龭óơ
鿤ҲֱùͿʼ
콵۴˹Ҳ飡
鿤տһ仰͸һ
ףҿʹĶⱾ𣿡
Ȼ
ҾͲˣ
Ȼܾ鿤Ҫ󣬷֤Ҳż
ο鿤ҪػʶѧϰĻô׻ܹء
Ϊʶңһָԭߵġ
ӡĻҲͨڤڤеķ򣬽ȥ֮һҴݵԭ档
ֻǣĶӡĸҡ


38 
鿤ˡ龭ĵ4ºܲǸɴݵС
ʵҲҪ׽鿴ˣֻһֱûлᡣ
ڻˣһѡ龭ꡣ
ˡ
鿤ʱ黹ɢһ΢Ĳ
ǵֿ˼
ֿ鿤ʱͻȻʮɫӲҷ˳
ӲڿзһȦͽ뵽档
Ӳҵļӳ֣ܿȶˡ
ӲҾˡ
ҵƷҲϡС֣ҵɫԽŨʹҵƷԽߡ
֮⣬д˵еļƷңԼʥƷңֻƷ׵Ҷǳĺ
鿤ҾƷңϾֻһͨƷҶ˵˷ѡ
ףƺ񲻶ԣ
һֱ鿤֮ǰ͸еЩԾֱҽ뵽ʱҵﲻԾ
Ծĵطơ
һʱѡϵġ
ǣղ鿤ӹ׵飬ȻֱӾվŰ͵ڡ
һʧȥֱӾͳŵ浹ȥ
Ȼῴ鿤ˣ鿤ǰ˲䣬͸æһ嵽鿤ǰһѽ§ס
ýסˣѾͷҲ̫ˡ
Ϊ˽鿤ײһˤΪҪ֤鿤ֲܹӵ
ϿӣͻܶǱΣա
ԣھεǰȻһ˶뵽ġ
һȷʵŮԸҲǳɣֻϧҡ
׶鿤ӣԸпһ䡣
ǵһθ鿤мϵĽӴֻΪ鿤Ĵɵġ
˵Ϊ̫Ӷһ㡣
һˣ
ʱСҲ˻
СŸոս鷿Ϳ˲˼һĻ
׼СͻȻҲһ
æ͵뵽ҵѧϰȥˣƲԣҲšסġ
ѻͰ˵ͻȻ走ֲҵĴΪɶҪš
ôһ룬ҲͲپˡ
ʵҲеţϾҲһŮӣһȽעǵᣬԱ˿ӵ󣬲˭ûġ
׳ϵǣСûں׸ƣǻŵ˵ףſҼҿԶүˣǧһĻ
ʲôҿ
Сһ˵꣬һ뵽׶С
󣬱һߵСǰ󣬻ġˡ
ǡ
꿴׻еһ㶣Ȼʶ۾
֮󣬾һǿƴɢͬʱһԶĻзɳ
Ǳ鲻ɢâҲɢĹ⡣
оһ
ף
Ϊֻϵ鼮Żͨ巢⡣
ңӣ׾֪˾Ըʶ鿤ʲôϵͲˡ
ӣǡС෢ƲæҪ׽͡
ܣҪ
ǣŭһͬʱ˫ŭףʮҷɳֱӴǱٻһɫԹ
ǹ
Ȼûתֻ֮˵ȴС
޷ɢĲ
ǴǱִǻԵɺϣֻ֮Ǳǿ뵽֮УճΪνĹ
ͬӢ飬Ҳͬе
˵ĻôǶ
ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬾лΪ
ӣңԶ
ֺһӾͽг˰š
ͬʱаԭԶǸеŮ
Դ֪Ҫǿȶ󣬾пȥ˽ҡ
֪ҵĹѧǿҲкܶڹѧ顣
Ȼ֪ӵţ˶ԴǾ͸ȥɣ
ԶһЩٻĶ㻯̳׵ķȥ

׼һЦͬʱаеˡͶ򴫡档
¶ʥ˵ȻΣգʱҲ˼ɲôģΪ⼸̫ǿˣǽ֪Լʮ
ֵزҪǻֶεĻô׾ΪԽʿˡ
ұ¶ʥ飬ôҪһ
¶׹⣬֪ʥһԼԻ뵽ޱȵı֮Уֻôֵ̫ˡ
ԣҪԶ˽ǵһμ档


39 
¶ģʥĨɱԶԶ⼸ӡ
һлᱣʥֵ顣
ϾֻҪԶˣô֪ʥ˾ֻСˡ
ײɱС࣬յĻڡ
ס֣
ڶǰʱһȴ
һԶٻĶȻͣ׵ĲԶټס
󣬾һһŮ˵С
㡢ıܣǾȻֹң
Զعͷ׺ݵĿŸոսŮӡ
ߣүү𣿡Ůһ
ԶȥҷһҲںǣǡһҲ˵
ģɱһ˶˵ʲôҲᴫ뵽档ԶΪҪֻɱס
ģԷݶ֪ҲóȻɱ֣ǲ֪İ׳գΪλᱻ˿áŮЦһȻ뿪鷿
ԶĲˣϣμһ㡣ҵ˵Ҳֱ뿪鷿
ǸŮ˸һߣԶ߾һæԶ˵ǵ򡣡
򣬾ȻǸ
֪׵ݣԶɫѿˡ
ΪֻһͨݶԣɱҲǰɱ˭֪׾ȻǺ
Ҫ֪˽ԻɱǴҵҲܱȫǹҲǷ
ԶǰɣһûйְСӣȻڱǰŪ飬ͬǰ׳ա
ʱѾ鿤վ
ֻ鿤ʶ״̬Կȥͺ鿤׻һ㡣
ɶһȻҵϡ
ԶĿͣڲԶĶھҪҪס
˵ʵȻҵĹӣϾûйλ
Թһײ֣ҲҪ׸Ĵۣɱףô
ǽ׼ĺô
Ȼǿڴڶǰʮ壬ǲûǿ󵽿ɷ
˾ＷԶҲֻܹǿš
򣬸ղǱһʱ嶯Ųһ˺үڻүſ飬뿪
Զһ֮ջѡЭ
Ȼܣ׵ݰҲֻܹˡ
Ͼҵļҹ滹ǷǳģԶ֪ʷĻԻܵͷ
ҵѧϰұҪ׹һЦȻС˵С࣬Щ뿪ɣҪǴҸ
˵꣬ͰᱧȻŵϡ
㡭
ԶĹǺ
Ϊ׵ĶΪ׵ԣ֮֡
ӣүǿĺѣҼҿѧϰǻ뿪ɡ
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ɱ尡ΪŪһܹңϧɱٻҲǣǾѰ·ˣһܹʡʥ֮۵Ĺ
Ѱʱǳˡ
ʥ֮۵ѾˣһҪʥ֮۷ɹһܲʹö֪
Ѱ㻹ǹġҪѰԼɣǲһġ
ٻһЦʹóһɫԲ顣
飡ʥ飡
Ѱٻϵе̰֮ɫ¶š
ǣʱ򣬾ֻٻצһֱӾͰˡ
𣡣
һ˲䣬ʱһ
Ǻǳǿֱ˺ѿռ䣬ݵһƬ֮С

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ֵͬʱһǧ׵ճǵĲԶ
ֻһ֣ǶһץҪѱٻȳȥ
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εǿצӸһĵ󣬾ͱһεһֻۣצ˲Ѫצ
īʥʥʥҾȳٻһػꡣ
֪֮̽Լ޷ƿǾȻŵػ꣬Դʥְ߳æ
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һһȶžһɫֽƾնɣֽϵػԡ
ɫֽһ֮б߳һ
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ʵ𿴡Ͷ򴫡͡˵ףǳֵͬʱҲ뵽Σ֮С
Ϊǵĳִƽ⣬ס嶼ܵ˼Σա
һ˴ĳЭ飬ٶȽ˵ֶԿĻֻʥҲ𲻵á
ԣʱҪԸػ꣬ô˵һ¡
һ屾ռ֮һǴ硣
ֻҪ³ŵػ壬ôסٶȽˣҲҪһǷ񷢶ս
Ȼ㲻ڣôԸ
ͷһ֣ܿʥߴ˳
þò

ʥһ֣ǶԺк
Ҫ˵ˣȰСȳ
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ʥͷҲڶ˵ϻʼһͬƿ

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ڼ򵥵Ϥһ¹󣬾ЦҸһûнӴ壬ߵӻǿô࣬⻹е̫۸ˣԣе۸ء
ΪĴʼˣɹʱ򣬾Ѿ֪֮ϵе㲻ͬˡ
һǿʳ磬Ҳһ㡣
磺
ԼߵӣȥԵǱߵӣôӲ˲Ҫһս˵
ӹǿ˵ӱɵ
Ȼһõ̵ӳ֣϶ԣ½壬Ҳᱻӳֵǿ
Ҫ˵ĻҲùֱˡ
УҪǽԭǿôɻõļӳ֣øǿ
巨


58 սʼ
Ūױմһսʼ
һ˵꣬սһζʮ޴Ӵӵӿλϵˡȫϵ˾ʮ֮ߡ
ͬʱÿһԲıϣ˸λơ
ʿ󡢳ڡȫ֣Ҳ˵ÿһԲ൱һӡ
ӵǵɫǺɫ
Ӫмӵһӽ磬ӽȻһ޴ʱӡ
ʱٻģⲢһʱӣֻһʱʱӶѡ
ʱʱ䣬1ӣҲ60롣
սȳ֣1ӣʱԶȨ
׿ʱ˵˹󣬾Ͷֱߵλһָһͷڡ
һ꣬λԭ˲ʧмıλ·
λðĿռתƣпһĻ˶Ϊ֮̾
ͬʱλƶϺǵʱˢ¡
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ڷ
Ѱ㶵ĿűٻԥǷʱͻȻһ뵽ԺС
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һЩԼķļӳ֣˲ӵʱ䣬Ͱ׸ɱ
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һֳĲ̡


59 
ȻѰǸЩɨˣǳ飬ĲְӪȫˡ
׵ײУȫƾѰȻ岽֮Ӯ֣ûôѡӱʼһӪӡ
һһ׵ͼ˵ʿ
ҪǣһûС
Ϊӣǳڣͨʿûų
찡ܣȻָܹӪףĿͬ鱻ɱҪ֧Ԯ޷
˼飡ǿͨס廹˭Ķ֡
˰Ĵ˵ס
䣬Ĺͣ
Щ֪״ˣ׷׸пΪشס
Щ֪״İգǸߺ촹
˸лʱ׺²һ䡣
ϸһ룬˵촹ҲΪ
ϾԼˣҲ⣬ӵء
׸пʱѰҲһЩķ
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㣬ûӪĳڣҲֻһұĵ
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ѵһ壬һǿ۵ıҪǲߣ̫ԲԼˡ
׶ͷͬͣͬʱ˼ŸΰԼĳ
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û취˭ñ̬̫أӱ˵ˣڵҲŮͨԡ


60 Եҵ
ף֮УˮһΪ𡣶ˮһ̬˿ͷ֮еĵλǳ߹շĻֻպܴ鷳鿤ס²ͬ
ңס˽⣬֪ʲô
ⷬҲڰʾףҪԱ֡
ϾȻڱ棬Ͽ׸ǱһӴ
ֻҪ׵İ֮ԣ嵱ɱ⣬ʥ߱ױɡ
飬Щ¾ҲûеڶλᣬҪˡ
ѵöһŨȤȻɻˡ
ǿһҪδˣָʲôʱܹ
¶ȥһȰ򡮽ΪʱעǸĶ򣬲ҪκιӵĻᡣһ˵ţһ߰׵ݸ¡
ϲܸ٣кܶྭ֡
ټ˽¸½ܷİѽλĿȨʱ¡
ϾӪҲʣһλܹĴֻҪŪӵ߷Կ׳Եӡ
Ҳ׵Ĵ㣬һγԵԷӡ
ˣ۾
ױ۾һ˲䣬ĳ˲両Ժ֮УԼתƵڵλϡ
ţͻһӰʧԪۡ
ٶȳֵʱ򣬹˱ǰ

Ӫ
ٻָһɱе壬Ҳʼ
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׸һ˵ͻȻһ죬һ࣬սıԵ


61 ʥ֮
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62 챦
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ȷʵܵıٻҪ֪ûʲôֵȴ
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챦ȷʵԿһ¡
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ױٻ˵һһ㶵ģӡеӦŶԣǰûаˣҲûаԵơ
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ȵȣȻ߹󣬵ʵϺ񲢲ôʣԸҲеųҿͨʱĽӴԵ
ͷһתͻȻһֵͷǾǹԵ
ȻָѱޣҲҪᡣ


63 ѣ
Ա뷨һױ˵ô͸꣬дӦҪ󡣡
׵뷨ǾһһҪȡһ
ֻ꣬ȫĻҾûˡ
ٻ׵Ҫ󣬱ܵҪּۻۡ
ѱ꿴ҪҪôȥɡ
׸иһ䣬ֶ̧һָ׼塣
ȵȣ࣡
ٻ׾ȻһᶼֱҪɱֺ͸æסҿ԰ѱ궼㣬Ҫʲô
ٻȻеҲֱ֪ӴӦס
һ׵ĵһҪ󣬾Ϊ׵ޣôԼԼˡ
ףٻĽǾ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵֻҪǴҴ쳯ԽˣԿó׸ղװ
ٻļ־͸꣬ںĻ׻ǻѡ񽻻ġ
ֻϧٻӴ廹̫ˣ˵ǾĶթ̫ˣԲŻô򵥵ı׸ƭ
Ȼһ幫ݶԣǰʱʱ̿ػҲûʲôлĻ
һҪϣܹѡ
ף
׵ĵһҪܼ򵥣ȴñٻǲ⡣
ٻΪ׻Ὺֺúôأ˭ֻ֪Լѡ
ʵϣѾˣֻײ֪ٻֶѡ
ĵһҪ
Ȼ
ͷȷʵҪѣ˵˭ϣѡ
Ȼ壬̨Լʥ߶Ҫӣټһھıף
ܺ͡ѣǺܶ顣
ãҴӦѣ
ٻɲ֪ôֻ࣬ԼȻϿ뿪Σյĵط
ܺãȻѵĻӦý׼ٻӦҽܵҽס
һ˵֣꣬׼ٻ֡
ҽбٻ
ٻ˵֣ɲûи֣³ͨСߡ
õɫСڸճʱ򣬴ȫ˯״̬׵ʱͻȻȫ˫ۣȻ¶һֵɫ
ǱꣿͬõһһԼʶ
ײò¾֪СһǱˡ
ղžԱٻ˼ΪԼҪ꣬ǲŰɫС³ġ
ףסǣҪܵ󣬸æ
ʱӵʶǵʶǳǿǸողųı꣬൱ھ˵ʶǵʶǿֻһ壬˷ǳֻҪͿסǡ
ʹñİ취ڣû壬һǱڣͻԶ뵽˯֮С
˯ǿʶͻɢһ־ԼӵбҲᱻͬʱܹõɾļӳ֡
װѱպú󣬾ͿʼԣԼص㡣
һ˵꣬׾֪Ҫˡ
ԭˣγһʶľϣܹþԼľþϼپĻָҪ껹ܹɳ治챦
׿ϵСһа𾪡
ףĵڶҪʲô
ٻһ߼׵ҪһĿꡣ
˺üʱ䣬ŴӼ֮ռġ
ҵĵڶҪҲܼ򵥣ǾԺĸҳϵϾѾˣһ¸Ǳġ
׵ĵڶƼ򵥣ʵҲһӡ
Աٻԣֻһ׾Ҫһοö֮ȥָͱ׺ƵԼȥˡ
ҪҲԴӦǲܵģҿ˸šٻľ޴ͷǵ˵㣬ʾҲԽܡ
ȻԼԣҲвϲ鼮Լѧϰ塣
ٻǷǳϲĻһдʲôĶ˵ûκ⡣
ܺãôҪҾˣ´뵽ڸ㡣
׼ǰҪٻûпʲôѵҪԴպĹؼʱá
ҲûʲôҪٻģһҪĻÿñٻһֱʱǷһҪ
ò˵ñμסԼһϣǷǳ츳ġ
ٻȫ벻׿ǵЩ
˵ٻ벻ˣ¸鶼벻׵⡣
¸׵ҪľΪֻѶѡ
Ǵʱ֪ʵ뷨Ժ˵ҪСˣһСľͻϵ


64 
ףֻӦܼ顣УҶӦˣϿ뿪ɡٻѾȲȥˡ
Ȼ
״ﵽԼĿĺҲټȥ
ˣǱߵСϺǸͷԵڹ꣬ǾҵٻԼģס
ҵ̲ס²˺ü䡣
û취ʵϺ壬Ǹ̬̫ˡ
Ϻйة࣬ϻ˻
׹ŹһЦ˵ЩμǵĵӾ硣
Ц֮׾ʹֱӽɱǸΪѰ
ѰȻǿ֮ڣСȥɱСᱻӳֵ
ѰܵʱȻǿĵֿ˽ӣջһ
䣡䣡
ѰһսҲ˲
ʧʱٶȳС
ͬʱҲ׷׻ص֮ǰʧĵط
ʥˡ
Ҳص˳ǰ֮ϻһ̡
ɢλðɫʣ滹Ӫ
Ӷǰںõģڤڤ֮һ֮ϣװǷתҲ䡣
̿ɴСһжҪĿƣҵİ֮ԣҲ̴ͨСɡ
΢оһ̣֪һЩĹֻеʧ䡣
ΪʧȥֱԭͣӵʥҲӲ
ˣʥĴˣԺֻҪԺҲȥǸСңᱻΪϱ
̾һֽ˳
˴˿̣ײõڳΪʥҲɾʥ顣
ʥҪȵʥعʱ֪
׳ɾʥֽҳԺֻ»ᴫеԺ֮УһպҵҪԴԴˡ
һ׷ǳš
һǴ£պеԺҡ¶Ҫѧϰ
һֻҪװ׵ӡгȥôᳬ˵
Ϊѧϰ׵ĲĳһˣҲĳһңĳһ۹еĶˡңʿҲѧϰ
ʥʥܡ
ͬʱҲһ֤ϣֻҪдһ飬Գһӡ
Ǳ߻һȺС鷳ֻɱǡСϺ׺һֻڹǱٻ£Źһ
һ˵ţһ߰ʥ׷뻳С
ƥ
Ȼڲ˶֪Ʋ¶ԭ
ЩСͽҰɣȻǵͨǳСòԶ֡һԸµ˳
һ˵꣬һ
лˣ
һ㶣Ȼһ
磬Ǹϲֳ֮ʱ֣Ծһ鳬ǧȴҲ˵ѾҪϰպҪΪʦˡڱޱĽĿס
ʼˣͬʱ׵ԭߣҲ˵պϰԶΪ׵ĵӣΪʦ
ֻӲ״ӣӶ㲻ϡ
ףҪˣллŹԺһϵġ׸˵ʱ򣬱ٻͻȻһ仰
һ˵㻯һ⣬˲嵽Ǳߣص˺ߡ
ȵȣһлû˵꣡
û뵽ٻôżסٻȴѾˡ
ָ֮ıٻǷǳֲġ
Ǿ仰û˵ʱ򣬾͵ﺣˡ
࣬ڰǾҵһƬ۽㣬֧ǱʻѪīˮҶ֮ת㡣
ҲгŵǾһƬմ뵽ϡ
Ǳʣ˵óܹóġ
ΪǳͬʬǣһѵõǱʣʥߣҲһ֧Ǳʡ
ǿǸܹһ㲻֪ǿ϶١
ҵǱɱ֮дκֶܹ
ĴСǰ
ѪīˮҲǿǱѪīˮһͨһȽףǶȽҲ˵
л
׿һ䣬ԷȻ壬ȥʥ߹ϵǱҪֵġ
زҲٶ˵ֱӴűٻһͬƿ뿪ǡ
ռ䶼ӣʥߵʥҲͨôǻ᲻ֱƿջɱң
Ȼ֪ʥλĴܹƿգۼһʱ򣬻Ƿǳ𺳺͵ǡ


65 ˱
һμʥܣ
ʥλĴ½׷Ŀ꣬塢塢壬жһʥλΡ
ʵܲпᣬΪܹʥ޼
뿪֮ʥ߱ǰ
ףһ̫³çˡһ˵ʥߣǸɫʥʥߣǺеīʥ
³çҲãϾҴ˵һ¡
ҡҡͷīʥָ
һ˵꣬һʥߣҲǺеıʥվ˳׽͵ף˵ȷʵҪֵĲʱԺ¾ͱ˻¡
£
ûǻ£
ʥϳеһʥ飬һ˵һߴ˱顣
鿪һ˲䣬һõĵͼ׵С
ǸͼһĴɽԼǽĳǳء
ǳźܶ㣬Щɫаס̡ơ϶ɫЩɫĶ壬ֻǵͬɫͬ
ǳҲй㣬Щֻк졢ڶɫ
ɫ壬Ѫȡ
ɫ壬ͬʱɱ¾
ºڵ㶼ӦڲŶԣں㡢ڵѾĳ˵ͼıԵ
ʥ׽Ϊ㶼ʲô󣬾ʵ𣿡
ҲµûдǰҿӦ߾ĵͼɣ
û
ɫ壬ɫ壬һͬǱ߾˫ûκεĳͻҲ˵Ҫ𣿡
Ȼ֪ʥԼĿģȴµõǸõͼʲô
ףˡסһƽ״̬ҲǳԸάƽ⡣ֻҪƽⲻƾͲսҲˣȻһͬȥԿһ顣
ǣͻȻһǿʥ飬ִǿƽԽʽƣסҲѾˣʼΪս׼
ʥ˵˺ܶ࣬˵ʱ򣬱쳣ࡣ
ףΪ崴һõ飬ϧʱ䲻ԣסȻѾ֣ôǵĿľͷǳȷˡһǷӡ֮ǰֵǱʥ飬ڶǷӡ
ʥͷͷǵһ˵Ҳ뵽Լ
ԭˣ̾һűʥĻ˵ʱ˲ðһʥߵڶǸԣסʥҲûа취ȴͬҵĿȷԷضȫɱң԰ɣ

뵽һ㡣
˵ֻǳһţôסܻ󶯸ɸֻ꣬ᰵѰһʥߡ
ǣһţҪס黹ΪĻֻҪͬʱɳô˵£סȴɥ¡
ÿһŵ𣬶ס䡣
סҲͶ򴫡ߣ״ȴ֪ܶ˳ôͨ׷ϢȻһϢ뵽סУֻǻ᲻ϧһдۻɱס
ʥܻ᲻ʥԼֱӳֻɱס
ʵҲԼԼڿˣΪͶ򴫡дġ
ףȻվǰֻʥߣ֪һ̣жʥΪ˲ס巢㣬Щʥʥ𣿡˵Ǿʥ
ʥ³˾ʱǴ㣬˲ԾʱбѪڡ
ȻʥΪս
׺ǾȣͬʱҲҪԣ±ĻҪء
īʥ׵ıʥʹһ񣬽ŶȰ˵ȻϾǿƵķΧ֮ڡֻҪΪһЩ
ʥɣ
ûīʥڣѾµеʲôˡ
ˣǻҪдڵ䣬κй㴴飬ȻǼģдĺԺҲ˵ĹͽᱻĨȥȵպܹʥ߿ʱڹ顣īʥļƻһһ˵˳
˵֮󣬲ףǱϵ¡顢˶𾪵Ŀīʥ
Ȼ벻īʥȻ۸һǵļ䣬ǵ˿ô֪࣬۸һ˵ļĶҸۡ
ҪǣīʥȻƳһСɡ꣬ױڹ
Ҫ֪ڵʼݣɲʲôóƺš
˭ֻҪƺţҪס׷ɱʥп֣ܳһƺš
Ҳ˵ƳɣȻΪʼ˵űమͬʱҲʱΣա


66 Դһ
ǿ⣬ʵҲʹùƣһ֪Ǹɵ֣ضᷢͣԴЩ̰ȥɱɡ
ϣĽҲĽ塣
ֻҪô࣬ʱԻȥɱɵġ
īʥΪβʥߣȥʼ˵ĳƺţΪסֵʱȻûпʼˣҲѰʮױ뵽档
ˣʼ˾;Բʥߡ
ʥߴһȥɱסʥߣǽɱһСС
ʥߵУҲǲһĴڡ
ʱλʥλǿ
ÿһʥ߶Ǹ֧ʥߵõʥĴɱýֺȥ룬ܹ뵽һɱʥߡ
īʥĴԥƬ̺󣬲ҧ˵λǰҿͬӡ˵ļ䣬ʼ˵ĳƺǲύ˵ģסĴ˴̿ͣǸɱңôһ֪Ϊս
ջǾܾʥ顣
˵ʵոնʥôһĶ׵ȴһֱԼʼ˵ݶҳϣôԺ̸ʲôطʥƾʲô¹ĸá
ףҪˣΪã
ףǱڵʥʥ˵ֻ׸᲻ǣ㻹ûгɳͻסϡ
У޷ӳʥʥסĴɱһͨĵףߴ׾ɱ㡣
ʥ˵ô죬׻ǲͬ⽻ʥЩͷˡ
ʥһŭʱһǿѹѹȶȥ
ˡ
ʥѹȵ׵ʱҲͻȻһ⣬ʥѹ
ʥ֮ɫ𣡡
ȻֻһȴԵֵǧ֮ˡ
ֻһʥ飬ܹõʥ֮ʥ֮ʹãͬʱҲԴˡ
ʥϵʥ֮󣬶̲סĸпһ䣬Ȼ󳷻ѹ
Ϊʥߣգ߹˵Ǽʶţܹ20ǰӵʥ֮ˣȴֻһ
Ҳ̫ס
ղѹʵҲİֶûС
ӵʥ֮Ҳʥ֮ŭվȽŸ
ףʥȻɱ˳ܺǿķɣסԲ˿ۡ
Ҫף㲻Ͻʥôֻܰݡݱ¶Ҳֻܹǣססʥߣʥλ֮µҪɱ㣬֪Ҳֵġ
ʥ֮йԼǾǲܹʥλµս
ǵԼɲͨԼдʥֽϵʥԼ
ʥֽһʥΥʥԼôͻܵʥֽķɣͬʱס֪
סƳǿΪɱףһʥߵΪҲν岻ԡ
ǾԲΪػףʧȥһʥߵġ
Ϊʥ߶̫Ҫʧȥһʥߣпٲ֮ء
콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշзΪԶԣܡ
ʥ˵ʱͻȻһ
һзɳ뵽ϡ
˺Ȼܸġģǣɫ޷ҷʿ޵й⻼ߣȻ֪ǻڰҲ
ֳ飬龭ĵ4¶һ顣
֮ǰдһµʱ򣬾Ѿǻڰֵ⾳
һּ̣˶һµ
һµݺԼ̬ϵĺá
ǻڰֵ⾳˵澳гɳ
ԽǼ澳ɳľͻԽѸ١
ǻڰ֡
׶꡶龭4ºʥ΢΢һ㶣Ȼһͬ˳龭4¡
ʥһͷܿԺԺԼеǣʼ𡶳龭4¡
콫˹Ҳ
һͬʶ龭4µʱ򣬡龭Ȼд뿪Ȼһâ뵽֮С
ǹâһţΧĶǳڣÿһ߶˵4µݡ
ֶ̲֮סĸ㣬4µִݵС
ġĴˡֱ4µݴ֮ʱֹͣ
˵ԣ鿤ʶ󣬲Žָѡ
Դһ
˵һĽͣǾԡ
ԣָӵԵԡ
ֻžԵĵԼϴ˵״ܹԵĿܡ
һижϡ龭Լλʥߵ֮ߺһ²ŷԡ
һ򴫱һǣ򴫱߹
׵Ȼûд߹ܹһҲǳǿˡ
ǡ龭׵Եʣ龭ʥ飬Դ߹ٻ¡


67 ǧ
ʥûбԴ뵽ֿ״̬Ǹղ֮Բ˵ֻѡ
ǻڰ֣˻Ȼ򡣡
ûΪʥߣʱŵάƽ⣬ȥսǣȴڰ֮УʧȥϽͻ
ÿһʥߵĳֶ֮еõģˡ
Զʱڣսǧ꣬ʥ߲βҲӦǻڰ֡
ʥ׷׸иţ֮ǰûб˵ƪǻڰ֮֡£ȴѡ׵
ˡ
ʥ˵껰׵ĳ龭ʹ֮з˻
ѾͬʱҲŴİնѾ֪һݡ
ףȷʵдţԸľ
˵ɣִ۸˵ļ䣬ֻǵ˴ɱ壬ȴ֪˭
ɣÿһ֣巢ֵĻʹһ֡
ʥѡЭ
˾֮иóһ鼮
鼮һ֣ʱһ߲ʹâǸ
վıȽϽףԿϵ塣
ǧ
׶˷ϵƾµһдξʥ顣
ûǧһʥ飬ֻ˵鼮ӡԭ
ףھͻ۸Щ˵ļ䣬ΪİȫϣڳΪѧʿӵ֮ǰҪ͸¶ʼ˵ݡ
ˣ
īʥһ˵꣬ױͷӦ
μǧϦǺ꣡
׸һͷ֮ͬλʥ߶һָн뵽ڵ䡣
˵ԼǱʥļӳ֮£Щǵ߲ʹâʱɢһԻõϢΧ඼뵽ξ֮С
һΧѵ˳ʥʣס¡ˡ
ЩԺԺǣҲһͬ뵽ξ֮С
ʵЩԺԺȫʥǸ׵ĶԻǲҵֻֿλ֮뵽С
ʥֶιȻԶǵ󣬾ǶԲݡ
׿һǳص˽˯УȻһĴ۸ļ䣬Īһ
֪ǿܹ죬䶼۸ģ˸е־ˡ
ǷǳҪģһ䱻۸ģô˶ܹɳУҲܱѡ
ǽɰĴڡ
ףǧǽʥ顣Ϊᷢӱɱճξ֮Уᣬճɹ˴֮дⱾǧ鿤Сڱϸ׽һ䡣
ΪΪӵܣԽӴܶƽ˸֪顣
磬
Ҳʥеһ񵥣ֻǶ๫İ񵥣ǽһСϲ֮С
¼鼮ȫǱȽΣյʥ顣
磬Ȿǧ
ǧʱε󸲸ʮǡ
ʮڼǧ࣬Ƕ뵽ξ֮УҲ޷ѹ
ֻЩǧӵйְλˣܹƾƿξѹ
Ҳвǧ˾ܵشҲ޷Ķ顣
˵ǧȻһʥ飬ӵв˼εͨҲһѡ
˱ⱾʥǿᣬֱӽǰʮǡǧǷֵ˽ϣһĸλ
ֻҪ˽ôʥԭͻᱻӡʥ֮УȻκ嶼ܹý
һʥִ۸һ˵ļ䣬ֻܹʹáǧӡܹʹԭ
ԭнһ˵ʥ治˼顣
˽˽֮󣬱㰵Ե˵ͷ
ֻҪеԴˣ֪۸ļж£ԡǧԿƣӶ㷺ѧϰĻô֪ж˻ýزסջ󣬴Ӷа
нӦõģֳʥϵ
Ͼе顢ʥ鶼ģҲкܶ顢ʥаġ
磬ʧȥй㴴ļ䣬ôѩԺԺǻ֧ǸŮˡʱʱ̶̿Ϊ׿ǡ
һ˼йʼ˵ļ䣬֪鷳Ҫˡ
ױʼ˵ţôѩԺԺйڣҲԲ׷ս
˼䱻ģô֮ǰˢˮһա
ʱѩԺԺӡ󲻺ãĻһսͲɱˡ


68 ӡ
صģ﷢սҲνѾ˰֮ӵԼ飬ĺսҲû䡣µ㷢οһ䡣
֪Ϊʲôһ˳ֱĳһָҵĳ嶯
ˣ˵ļѾ۸ϣԺǾͻѹ
¡飬֮ûзӡļ䣬ΪҲʥĪҲҪʥ֮¡
ʥ˵֮䣬Ѿ˵ļ۸ϣֶ˽һرʥܡ
ףʥҡ
֮īʥͻȻҪʥ顣
лǰ
Ҫʥײûīʥһлʥ齻
ףӡٱףȻ׷߹ڵĻҡҡԺҺŵȡȻһʮ׽ʥء
īʥ˵֮䣬ʹ֮óһѶƺõĿհ鼮Щ鼮ֽƶɵģֱӡ顢ʥ顣
ףʥ֮ע뵽УȻһɽӡ
ã
׻ǱȽīʥġ
ʥ֮עʥڲ׶ʱһ⡣
īʥҲһ˲ߣȻҲע뵽֮С
īʥӻͳһƿīˮֱӽīˮһá
漣һĻˣƿīˮóȥ֮󣬲ûϣ뵽Щհ鼮֮УȻϵ֡
һдӿʼҲʹʮеʱ䡣
ɾ̶̵ʮڣīʥȻӡٱף˸ЧʵӡٶȣԿЩӡĽҪ
īʥӷϾܹܵһдмĳɾ͡Ҳǰࡣ
Ҫ֪ǿٱʥӡ
˵ӡ鼮ʱֻҪõԭϿɣͲκľȥдһҲҪʱġ
īʥȴûжʣֱӾīˮ˲ٱӡȻ˸еǳ𺳡
ЩӡܿͿԿɢҶʱܹջҡУڷֳӡ׸ǣȻԴһĽһպͿʹսˡ
īʥĺȫ棬ոճֵԴһ
лīʥ
һεлǺϵ֡
Ƕײīʥ֪ٴΣīʥΪ룬ֻҪǸ˾ͻжġ
֪īʥֻΪʥҲɳīʥ飬зպһҪīʥ
ףܹΪҲ͵ˣպΪ֮īʥ˵󣬾Ͱ׽ס
ףһ͸㡣֮ڿɡ
ʥīʥ˵󣬴֮óһܷżϡ
ǣ
ĺԺƼ飬Ƽ˲ңպȥĺԺģܹҵ֡УһƼ飬㲻ȥĻҲύһЩҵĵӡ
ʥ˵֮Ҳ׵ľȣ뿪ǡ
ȥɣԺǲΪԳ棬ϣܹԼ
ʥ΢΢һЦȻֻһӣֱɿһ磬˴鿤ĸ֮ۡС
ʱ鿤ϵǻûûܿһĻȻһᱩ¶ġ
뿪īʥʥҲ뿪ǡ
Ȼǰ߲һǵʥ֮ۡ
ʥ֮滹кܴúõĻʥ߶а
壬˳⡣
ЩʬҲдãѪ̺˴ֻҪЩʬ彻ҽҴˣͿƳǿѪĵҩ

ʥ뿪ʮӺͻȻһ޴Ļ
ЩҵĻУ󲿷ֶ˵֮¡
һΪɱ֮˶ˡ
ټ֮ǰԴһڵİܲѡ
ֻǻڰ֡ԭɱ֮ʥʱݱԵġ
ʥ۸˵ļȴֻǵ弴ͻȻԣȻ˲ʮ
֮һɱǵ壬ԼǱ塣
ԵԴ˶֪׵ġ龭
ֻ鿤ۡڵ֪Щ׶׿ԣȻ󴫱ǵġ
Ե飬ӡ飬ҪԼȥ
֮һ֮ҹ


69 ʥĸ
鷿ڡ
鿤һֱŴⲻ˵ΪǱС˵ףȻ֪ʼˣġ龭ӽ쿪ʼҲһ㲻̫ʧ䡣
ûʧ䣬ֻǶڽľЩпˡ
׻һԼƣ˵飬֮ǰļƻѾˣʲôû
׿û顣
˵ѾΪʥ飬һīʥӡٷݣպҾԻǳ࣬ûʥ֮Լ
鱻һʣҲһӱеʧ䡣
ףȻɾʥ飬ȴܸˣҲ˵ҸĶԼѾˡ
֮ʧ䣬ѾӮöעϣȴֻĿϣߡ
ڣѾȫˣ׾˸ĶԼҲԲȥǸҵԶˡ
ֻһҪٱŵΣգҲɨء
ĹУǷǳҪġ
Ȼʥ飬ȴò
ʥ˵ʥ֪ˣ֪ͻɱ֮ԲܹȥµĶԼ
Ͷ򴫡Ͳ˵ˣ׸ҸǡͶ򴫡ߣô²õȵסʥ߾ͻɱ
Ҫ鿤ӮöԼ׾ֻѡҪôҵʥ飬ǼԼҪôԼдʥ顣
һȥ룬˵ʥԼǩԼˣʮҲܹҵõ
Ⲣ˵ʮûпܳʥ飬һдʥʥӵԼǵʥûȥǩԼ
׾ֻеڶ·ˣǾдʥ顣
һεʥ飬ԲǾ춯ص֡
Ȼ˵סͻֱӸ˺Ƥֱӷܹˡ
ڵסȻϣȴֻ¼ɵΡ
һסصʥ飬ôסԻгɼȸ㶨˵
õģԼаأ漣Ҳ˵׿Ǿ񣬱㲻ɫİο
дʥ׶ʲô鼮Գɾʥ顣
ֻҪ¶ĵĻʥֵ
ȻдʥǰҪ㹻ľ׳ɾʥ֮׾ͷڵľر졣
ʲôңŵٶҲǰҡ
ʥĸû㹻磬дʥɵĸ
ָڡͶ򴫡дʱ򣬻ûôǿҡ
Ͼβ걾ʥ顣
ǣ׳ɾʥʱ򣬾Ե÷ǳˡ
ǰаأĻ漣˵ͷ
˵漣ܵľ뵽ס
׾һ漣ˣġ龭ʥ顷ʥԳƵ漣ˡ
ôңʲô˵𣿡ױĿתĿеܣǾ̲סһ䡣
ף㻹ǵ׷𣿡
ͻȻһת˵һ׷ǳеԻش⡣
ҡ
׵Ȼûм̳飬Ҳûƭס
ûм̳ʱǰȷʵ׷飬ֻʱۿ
ڣȴԼһ쿴ףжЩƵġ
ˣѾˣȻȥˡ
⿴Щ죬㻶һЦȻ뿪鷿
ûеƣϻʹ
ϵĻЩΪļӳ£Щȼյʱ򣬻ɢ塣
һ뿪׾ͷһ޾ŭĿ⣬Ѿˡ
µĿ֮£׹Цһ˵ǵģû뵽ѧˣȻõ٩ˡ
ֻЦٰܼˡ
磬ǰ׷ô֪飿·ǳʵ
ôᣡһǿģ׵Ȼϳˡ
ָоԼʱϣһзǳõ³
ߣ
··ûţһĿס
¶Ҳ֪˺ܶ飬ĲǵеϷҲ֪ԼΪɶһ¡
ǲ˵ѵģȻһе㱻ôѧ˵ѡ¶黹ǱȽ˽ġ

˵زǲ֪ô͡
һ䣬Ϊʲô鿤һᱻ
ˣҽ첻붯֣ȥҪ㽲¡
ڣ
Ҫ£ʶļ̌ͷһֱȷһڵʱ䡣
ͷʲôϽߣ
¿ʱ̣׵ͷΪײȥ
ʵϣȷʵȥ
ǣɴֱվȻߣһӾͰķȥ
¶˿಻ãҿԼߡ
׵Уȴֲֻ̫ܹ¸ϻ˷䡣


70 Ǿ
ڶ죬峿
׺Ȧ˳Ѿ뵽֮С
ǵģѾͷȻҸһҹĹ£ǰ࣬Ȼûô¸
ŤŤӣת°ŹغãȻԼС
İվȻڻ治֪ǵľôôã
µСԺ׻ܹԼԼڰջ
Ҳǣ챾ڿ񻶵һ졣
Ͷ򴫡ĳýԴȫʮ죬Ÿǵڶѡ
ң׵ġ龭ԴһԻӱ䱾
пһ׼·
û뵽ĶУףôߣ˵ôȥ㷿Ҳء
¶Žһҹ£ҪȥϢһ¡һߴŹǷһ߶˵
Ȼһҹеݣ֪Լƭġ
Ϊĸۡߣղ׷ûҵˣֱӾǱͿóѾ֪׵Ķ
һҹĹ£㻹ǹµġ
ô˵¶һ˿Ľɫ
ھֻôһˣҪڲһ㣬ָͱ˸ˡװ˰֣Ц˵
Ȳ˵˵Щˣ㣬һȺҪԴһˣڼǲͿˡ
鿤һ˵꣬׾һͷۡ
ȺûøΪʲôҪң
ǵȻûøˣʼΪףʥȫʮ죬ȻΪּ죬ͬʱΪԴһּһ죬Ҳ˵ڿ񻶵ѾӵʮˣлһרΪãЩùԼýѧͷ׷׸æûһˣҪ۵
˵ʱζȻе㼵׵ĳɾˡ
׵˵֮˼ĵͷȻһ˵ˣڿҵĺϻˣͷҴˣһ£˰ˡ
ȵȣҪĿ㣬ôܡ
һ䣬ֱӵͷܣںʲô
žž
ص󣬾͸æŴغãȻֱɵ˴ϡ
ҿܵÿ죬ҿɲȺѧ۵
ʵҲ飬Ȼӵкܶ쳯ĵ伮Щ˵ġ
һ˵ʱע⣬˵һЩԴһԴ߹ʲôģʱûСͶ򴫡ĹϵҲͬᱻסע⵽
УҪǲ쳯Ĺŵѧôûб֪ʶԲЩ棬һ鷳鿤ȷѡ
֪鿤ԻԼġ
뵽飬̾˿ѾͷǶкøУֻ¶Ҹˣʱܽ
һʱ䣬׵˼Ư˺Զĵط
ˣ¶˰ҹĹ£һҰˡ
͵ԺҪ˯ŵʱͻȻ֮ʲôȻһӻͳһɫСƿ
Ǿæ˰ϣһˡ
Ǿ֮Ļƶɡ
˵Ǿǽ֮棬ûͬ⣬Լɣκ嶼ܹ˽Ǿ
һ˽ǾôԳְιǣȻڰĻǿƳǾ
嵨Ҳ׽Ǿôͻȫ䲻ݡ
˵ǾǳҴ顢ʥ涼򲻵
Ϊ顢ʥڲȻԳһ磬飬طȻ飬ǵ겻κԡ
Ҳ˵˻ѴǮҴһһҲܹõ壬òӵϢꡣ
ˣһһЩ壬Ҳ޷ǴڲΪļ
ΪûȻ飬ֻܹƭƭͨСֻҪǵȼһͿԷ֡
ƾһ㣬׾Ƿīʥʥʥһ顣
ǾӾҪĶ
һ뵽Լ׾ͻȻˡ
СĴ˺ɫСƿ
ɫСƿʱиעǾҪȥ򿪣СƿǴ򲻿ġ
ͬʱҲ֤СƿһԺ»ʱ򣬾Ϳ档


71 
Сƿ׿һ˵ɫζȥһˮѵҪҺȥ𣿡
˵ƿڵǾֻһΣһθһζ岻һ
٣СƿڵǾȥС뱭ˮôࡣ
ӦǺȵİɣҲǵģĶҲ˵һʹ÷
ԥ֮ڽСƿŵߣȻһڰǾһ
ߴ
Ǿ븹ײûʲôĸо¾Ǻһˮһ˵һˮ
֮׾ۣǾ
ǰдʱֵױΪԼǾ󣬻ֻʵĸоȻͻᱩǡ
ǣ˺һʲô鶼ûз
ʲôˣ
ײĿϵĿƿܹΪʲôûз
ѵұڲˣⲢǡ
׸²һ䣬û˵꣬ͻȻһϮ˻û˵һˣ뵽˻Ե״̬
֮ʱһɫâؿ֮ɢ
ֻǣŸոհѳ֣ܿһɽ֡
һʱ˻ȥʧ
֮ܿͰסΧγһɫǡ

ɣ֡
ˣˣ׾ʳȫҵɡ֣
㲻ɣ˵ɵĻ
ԺУڶԻһ졣
һȽϺƽȡ
ֻʱ׷Լ޷˫ۣȻ˵˭
˵ĶԻеһЩϤ
˵һТľӣкôָסȴðݷȥҲ˵
ԶԶɽ̨ɽɽбǶǶһɣʦʦȥͽܣҲʮ˴С˳С·߰Զˡƽȵش𵽡
ζԻһ˵꣬жʱ󾪡
̨ɽбǶʦ
ֻҪǸ쳯ˣûһ֪仰ʲô
˵仰ʱǰҲ˲һָӾ
ǡͶ򴫡磬ҲûѵǸǾԵʣ
ָӾ׵ʶҲ
˸ղԼڴ²ۣüٻƭԼ
Ļû˵꣬˾ͻ˹ȥ
ٶ֮ʱͷԼѾ֮С
壬ȫƾ辫۶ɵġ
ΪҪһ㣬Ǿ׷һԼûи̫ܵѹ
Ҫ֪һʱһӶֲˣͽһء
һոǸԷĶԻ¾Ѿһˣһ㲻ʶûиܵ
ȻգֻӾĲô󣬼վţҲһζ
׿յаԸпһ¡
֮㳯ȥǰ˵λ֣ҲѧһΣ
ջûʽȻǰ¶
ֻǣ˵֮ղûתɽȥ·ȫ׵Ĵһ㡣
ߺԷȴͻȻתͷףһ
֣ܵˣʵȴʲôûУѵҵĴ𣿡
Էڵλòֶͣſһ¡
ԷҲ·ʲôûȥǰһֱײԷϡ
Էײʲô鶼ûз·׸һô׵ľʹԷ壬֮ûзκεĦ
ˣڽ󣬲ʵ廰ڣҲԻΪ޵״̬״̬£ֻܹоڵһУ޷ֱӸ
׻Щ֪鱨ڵ״
ڣʵ״̬ǳľʵ״̬ҲΣա
Ϊһ뵽ʵ״̬пܱڵȻ鹥
ʱֻܵ˻ãһЩֻʱͻָ켴ɡ
ʱûмʱ˳磬ҲûмʱİʵתΪޣʵ״̬±类ɢôܵش򵱳
˸ࡢͬѡķʽҲͬ
׵УסͿתΪʵУҲõκεķա
Ϊסֻǽ壬ֻҪʵ廯Ҫڵֽսֻǹ۲졢ѧϰ׵Ļûκηա
˽롶סȥս֣Щֿսô˵ˡ
ڡ龭͡Ͷ򴫡ڵ磬ʵ廯ľ˵ͷǳΣˣΪϵ


72 ͨ
ڵ״̬󣬾ֱӻһ磬Ѿɽֵ׷ȥ
֣ոʲô߻ȴҲ֣˵ڵΪǽɿңҲܹҲĲŶԡһߣǸԷеãˡ
ˣ˵ѾˡƬʦ˼ڣòҵġ
Է뿪ĵط̾䣬Ȼ·
ɽڡ
޻壬ڲһ֮ڣ׷̨ɽ·ա
ҼǵһΣղԷڵĵص̨ɽֻ߰һ·֮ӵк޵챦ޡ
˵1¹̨ɽΧǾһ߸գһעΧľ
Ϊһ֮ˣ֪ʦһֱ֪ջʦһ·֮ϲû
ǻһûԵˣֻ¸һɽ֣ͻᱻ
֮壬Щ޿һ·̨ɽбǶǰ
ʱյȻӦ˸٣Էָ㣬ܿҵĵ
˵ҵġ
Ҫ֪ΪԣͿضˣһҵõ
κǿǰ֮УҲǸͨСѣɶܹʰ
տһմŵɽʱףԼͬ˵̨ɽбǶ
бǶղûȥţһ֦ʼˣ
ûǰΪʦⷽҲǱȽǿĴڣ֪ʦ᲻ᷢԼ
ڸղǸԷ򶼸е״װԼʵںΪ
˭ڴɦţ
ʱһɽ洫һͯ˳
ͯһ˵ǰͯǸõѧ֮ӣڴɦš
󣬾Ǹͯһ˵㱻ͯ뵽бǶС
Ҳ˽ȥ
֮͸Ͷ򴫡ĵ1һնԻȻ֡
µΪֹ1µľͽˡ
ǣȻѾûоʹ뿪
ʲô˵ӦԶ˳ȥŶԣôɸͨԻ
о֣ڵ˽粻ͬҲ֪Ӧԡ
ˣӦóȥŶԣԷ⡣
һˣױ˫ۣĬ˳硣
ǡ
ٶ˫۵ʱû뿪磬ɻбǶ֮С
ֻʱǰһֽҳԼһ˽ʡ
ʥֽҳͽʣѵҼ鲻ɣ
ݵĽ֮׺ܿڵơ
֪ԼΪν磬Ҳ֪ԼΪ޷뿪ǰֵıʡֽȴҪд顣
ȻҪдͶ򴫡ôдˡ
벻İ취ֻʿʼдμǵĵ2¡
μǵ2ݽ洫գڼʱȥ֮ãǰľҲдʱתš
ڵ2棬ѧ˵ɷʮ䣬Լơ
дɷʮƵʱһͻȻԺУʱͣ˱ʣ˼
ָоͨ䵽ҵʶ֮С
˼ܿ˶ۡ
ԭˣʡ⾳ٻҪͨҲͿΪá
һ˵˷ܡ
ǣһź
ǾǴӡͶ򴫡ٻֻͨһƷҪҡȴ۷ǳ֮
ЩͨܣĶҡֱӵĹϵ
ɴ˵֪ǷǳҪġ
УǲͿֹʹá
ףа֮һʥֻ֮ҪϣôҪָͨ
ָȻǰ֮ȫľôϰ飬ʹ¿Իָ֮
ߣʶͶ뵽УҲܹٵĻָ
ڶַЧҪȵһֿܶࡣ
ǣһַڻָͬʱҲܹ׬ȡҡ
ڶַ޷׬ȡңҪҡ
˳һ£ʥ֮Ļָ鲻ͬ
ʥ֮Ʒʺܸߣ׾Ϊ걾ġסӶõһʥ֮
ӡסʱְʥ֮ĵˡ
Ȼֻһʥ֮ĻָҪǲʵʵĶ飬߿д顢ʥӳֻ֣ºѻָʥ֮
˵ɷʮƣҲЩԱ֮ˣֻͨײʹãһⷽ淢չһˡ˼󣬼ִд2¡
μǵĵ2ǧ֣׵дٶȶԣҪġСʱС


73 ʯ
ͷд飬·صǰڵ϶һ˵ǰһ㡣
ָоǻ
ֻǣʱõԴ֣ڸĳд
˵д֣Ϊ֧ʵļӳ֣Ӷ׵дٶȣܹﵽʱǧ֣õԴֱ໹Ǻܴ
ǵպ׵дȥΪ鷨ڶӱʱдٶȾͻ
鷨ڶҪдʥ飬ֻҪ׵ľϣǧ֣ҲԿԾڰСʱдꡣ
鷨Ĳࡣ
īʥ˲ӡٱסֶΣ׶ʱͲȥˡ
Ӵ˽ʼΣ»طֽ⡣
д˽Сʱʱд˵2һ䡣
װһŻ꣬ʥֽҳ·ʱһ
ֽܿҳȽҳʧ֮󣬽ҲΪޣ׵ǰʧ
ѱ䣬֮ǰбǶ»ص˻ɽأˮĶ졣
׻ǵԼһνʹһʯء
˵ʯڻ֪ǿʯʲôãױܵΪʯԲ򵥣Ҳʮ
ңԴֹʱܹƷͰʯС
һ뵽ʯ׵ľ˲ʵ廯ɣǿʯҲгϡ
ײǣҪʯ·ŻعʱʱȴͻȻʯ澹Ȼһƣһݣֻе֡
ʯһꡣ
׶ʯĽܺĺܶʡ
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ֻȴһ꣬һǳ֡
һꣿȵȣҼǵҰʯʱһ죬ĪǸйϵ
ԽԽпܡ
ʵϸҲǣյʯҲҶһģóʱаꡢǧ֮ãô׾׬ˡ
һһ꣬ҲǷǳ˵顣
Ͼʯͨʯͷ
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һǧʮꡣҼǵ˵ֻǰ꣬˭Ȼǧꡣ
ȻȻҲָޡ
һ׶ʱЩ顣
Ⲣǵһȡһϰʱ̴ƷʱȡһΣʱ沢ûЩ֡Ҳǣ˵Ҫôǹʱ̱ˣҪôҪƷʱڴﵽһʱ䣬Żʾָޡ
УҲԼԼоǸӦ֪ݣֻ¸Լǧ꺮ӶԼ£ԲŹ˵ʮݡ
뵽һů
ֵһѣΪ˺ˬҲôϸĺʹ󷽡пһ׼ʱ̵Ĺܡ
һ޷ȷϹʱ̣ܹܲӺʯݣҪٹһڼ顣
׼¼ݺ󣬾Ͱʯȫͻص˹ʱ档
֮ͻȻһ۾
ûãٶ˫ʱ׵ǰƾճһõͼ
ͼܴϸȥܹΪĴޣͼϴ󲿷ֵĵط˸޷塣
ֻһСֵطԱ׿Щطȥеط
Ȼһ顢ʥ߿⴩ĵط
뵽һ㣬Ǵǰڵεľ顣
ϵΣʵҲһС磬ֻЩഴ磬طİʵ硣
һ׾Ͷŵͼһ㣬һžͳǰ
׿˼۹ţͰ޻뵽˹֮С
ȥ֮󣬹šͼȫʧ
ŵһߣ֮ǰȥ̨硣
ԽһЩǱߣҪԽĵͼҲҪľġ
״ӹų֮󣬺ܿͰռеķһ滨ǰ
仨߰꣬ͨΧɢŵǹ⣬էһۿȥͬǳһ㣬ɷ
ûв´Ļʱ̿ҰƷֱӴ뵽ʵ֮УԳھ㣬һ԰滨档
ڸѰбǶ·ϣѾע⵽滨
֮Կ滨ΪãΧǹɫϲ
Ȼ׻ע⵽ɽеޣĶ滨ɴ˲ѵ֪һ


74 滨
˶߷ɽ滨뷨׾ͿʼĵĹ۲
ȡҪʵ廯Ϊ˲˵仨һҪڳٰ뵽ʱ棬Ҫ3ӵʱ䡣
һ߹۲Χһʱ䡣
3ӿƺ̣ܶΧȫ޵Ļ£ѾԹ˼εˡ
û³ç֣һֱȴʱ
һӣӡʮӺ
˵죬ɵçç⡣šɵա
ͻȻ֮䣬һ۵ɽ֣е޶ֹͣ߶˫Ǹ۵
ΪǣͯĵȻǡͶ򴫡ԭģһݻĵ
ĵͯڽǷ̻Щޡͬʱ˵Ҳһᡣ
ϸĶǵ״ʱѰֵĻᡣ
ǸӵĽ׿˵ȫҲʲô򲻵
ֹƬ̣Щڴ󲿷ֽ뵽붨״̬
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˱𿴸ղֻ˫;УʵŵײһΣʹһ˵Ƿǳصġ
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˵֮ڣѩԺͬīԺԺΪҵ֮⣬Ҳû˿Ըȼˡ

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ǿ񻶹ĵһ죬չ涨еԺѧҪ»صԺѧϰˡ
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սȻѾͶ̫ĻҲ˵ľ
ͺñλ׶ս׳Եλǰ䣬ջؾٶսôӮˣҲܵκ˺
ûôǵȵӮ֮󣬲ű̡
һ͵ڳһĹ³һѪѾǺˡ
ʵϣѪҲ޴󰭣ֻҪϢһ켴ɻָ
˭
ʤ֮׶һƣӱֶ³֣Լ塣
֣ޣͽ̣
׸սӮһλܿһλ˳
֣޵ĸһ̣ӱ㽻һλá
һ֣һֽ㡣֡
ʵʱֲһǺô
ΪֻҪֵܹ֮˵ĵһ壬²⵽ҪߵĲ衣
̫ˣˮƽֻҲܹ۸һסɡ׿λ֣޵岽Ҳǵҡҡͷ
ոճûãټӡ̫ˣԺ򵽸
ѩԺԺ֮һİٶѧǸߴǧԺֻһӡ
Ժܶûлῴףܹģ󲿷Ҳǲݲݿһۣ˽ѡ
ټҲûָ壬˾໥д裬Ҳòȥ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿս޷ʹӳֵģսõӣ˾ǳˣûзɱһ˵
սŷɱĿԣȻǸСһزҲлᡣ
Ե˵սʱ򣬾עҪ۸˵һˡ
Ұˣķڷ
ûã֣޵û׽ֱ䡣
벻ôǿȻӡʱϳйϵ޷ȷʵϺ֡
ʧܺɫɴݲȣûܻĿ϶
ȣ
Ҳ
Ŀλ뿪ײż˵һ
һΣλ׻ܣûֱ߳ˡ
Ϊܹ𣿡
ãһλվ˳λӭսģָ׵ġ
Ƿ֣ôԺ֧սķţ㲻ǹ֣˿ʾ
ļ²ۣԺѡҲȨ棬ֻΪڵʧ˼ϣȥҲ֪Բ׵ļ¡
Ҫ뿪ĻҪôսӮңҪôҸԺдֻҪԺдôӮҶ뿪׸ֶĶ
Ժεݣʲôʸдλڱ׼ŭˣ˵ЩǷȱ˼
ǺǣΪԺһӦôҵ󣬶ɻֻܽ⡣ץ˶Էʧ
㡭
λһʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻܹ㶵վԭأ˼뿪
Ҫ֪׽һ17꣬ǰһӵܣѩԺһʤ׵˶ûУôһ
ȻһҪǣѩԺѧȻҲһЩ˸еߣϣʤ
ΪʤˣԺЩŮǴ󲿷ֶа֧ס
Ͼ಻ټԴʥ֮Ʊ쳣ȣһɸ߹⾳̲סøС
ʣʵģʥģһ
ˣϳʥ֮⣬ǻһʥ
ʥ߹ˣκο׵ˣڸһɸ߹Ϣ
һ㲢˲µʼˡ
һǺи߹Ȼġ
ҲˣԶдʮҲһɹʵƽ
⴫ʮ죬ʵǶ׫ġ
ȶ˵бԶʹʮ꣬ʥ֪һ󣬾׶˵ʮ졣
۸ʱʥҲһ뵽˸ԺУԴһ㡣
ʮ̫ˣϢȥƲ˶׸ʥϵ
ѧԸд
ûа취ʱһȺ˳
żңŰ
ŰҪˣżҵķּӵܣһѧʶѧԺŵǰʮ
żҴĶ֮һڵżҷּңǷּ֮һ֧
ŰȻóһס
ԭˣżҵıҵõףԲŻһ͸ķּңȻֱּҴŰ
кϷˣϲ֮棡
ŰһѩԺʱ˴֧


81 Ծ
׼һߵжҲһȤ
ǵѧֵʱǶǰһһڴɫ󣬾͸ӵĺˡ
ŰǴ˵еѧˣһȤѡ
װһ䣬ٶת˺ڡλ
һߣ
˵֮󣬱ݼеһȽףչ˹ݡ
Ϊ֣ʤ֪ҪʲôŰȻ׵Ľ裬һķ
㣬뵽˾ʵĶԾ֮С
ֻǣҲûмֶá
ΪŰȻҲõӡϾֻѧϰʮѣջǱץ
߷ֻһζķأ͸Ҹ㻻ӵĻᣬķҲǺܵλһһӳɹ·ˡ
׽˶Ծ֮󣬺Űʧ֮
ûŰһʼ͹۲׵λ߷ǾҪŷصͬʱѰҽᣬֻϧԺеײֻж٣仯ൽŰ޷
գŰǰֵʱ䣬ȴҪλһ
лָ㣬Űϣպлܹ̽
ŰȻˣҲķڷһ׽ѡ
Ȼԣ
һЦܹԺôֱˣ׶˺øС
ֻϧøйøУֻҪѩԺԺ׾;Բߡ
裬ҲѧǳҴԺսֻѣ֪ɷ񣿡
Űºһǰֽ̡
Ȼԣ
ȻԷ˵˲Ժ׻ǵͷͬ⡣
һͬ⣬кܶӵܶ
Ҫ֪ڸոճĿǰ˵ԼҵģǸصʼ֮⣬ֻɱѧʿˡ
ǸѧʿУ뿪ǵĻǺȥǸѧʿд
Щѧû뵽ǣ׵ȻҲôá
Ӹղ׶սλԼŰʱ˹ǴױϣͿ׾ûʹȫ
ټֽͨд裬ôһЩͨȽӴȻĻˡ
ˣȻûķأսʱ̫ࡣҪǣսʱһֱܽţҪĸӣͻĶĸӣҪʲôҶָơ
սʤɰָĲ㡣
ܽˣ벻˸Ҫ̡ӵĹ򣬻ҪԹɫһʦ֮͵Խһ
ң֮󲻽ûоɥкǼҪȲ˽
֮û뿪ǳŶʵܷһΣ
ðɣ
׼ԷԼʦˣ;ŰһΡ
һԼı飬ڲ̫Եʣս
裬Ѿ۹⡢ı֮ϻкܴĲ࣬һЩܹвٵĽٶȶָһ
ı۹⡢ĲǶʱ޷ѧģҪʱۼƲſԡ
лүָ㣬֪ܷһΣ
ȻͷȻսһ֡
ϾսֻҪʱǰ˳֣̫ܵӰ졣
⡭
Ҫ׶ʱе
ֻѩԺԺ鷳ѣɲѧεġ
裬㶼սˣϽȥ
裬㲻ôԺүָȥ
ȥϣ
ŶӣҶŶӣһ˭𼷡
սʱѾźһĶ顣
ŮУǵĿһǾǸս
Щһ㶼˽ˣ۲졢ѧϰ
⡭Ĳһ׿ѧóݡڴԼҪھߵĳ嶯
ֻϧ֮ǰѾ˵Ҫսˣֻܹҧӳȥ
ԺǣѾǰľסˡ
ˣѩԺˣ
Ժôûг֣ѵںѧԺ𣿡
֪δ
˵һ£
£
ʱͻȻһ˲һĿ
ճ˭֪ǿսս˵ǵۣܵѧǵѧϰ֮£Ҳڱǵ˰˵Ҳһ¡
ˣ˵׵ڱӿԺռȷʵһ¡
ֹˣղҼõսʥ鲢ûмأǰİȻƼ򵥣ʵϺǸ
ٺ٣ѾǼּˣҾͿչо⣬ҵѧһ֡
뷨
ԺһҲҵģתר־ѧϰ
мҲȥŶˣָһ


82 Ȼ
ѩԺڲ
ʱͷ׷ѩԺԺһƷһ߶飬·ȫһ㡣
ʱͻȻһŮ߽ķ䣬Ȼ˵ʦ׸֮ţԺĵûܹ׷֪ʶһЩҲ̲סļС
׺Ļضһ۾ϳŮ˭
ûͬĸã
ֻ벻ǣȻΪѩԺԺҵӡ
ղѩԺĽʦҵӵ֤
ʦƺţֻҵӲܹС
ҵӵĻֻܹܽ˽
Ǽɣܹõһ˵ָ㣬Щѧ˵ѩԺԺһڲ裬Ȼյ˵
ǣ׸ĿʦʦĻ׸ʹһЩҵֶΡﵣĵġ
ǵ׻ᱻ˵ǵ׻˵ˡ
ϾķţֻҪܹѩԺˣ֪ķŴʲô˾û˻ȥ˺ס
׾ͲͬˣĶ׵˽⣬ΪֻҪʧȥģ;Իᷢսġ
ʱҪѩԺֳǾҲù
֮ôΪǸǰ׵˽⣬֪ѾǸˡ
ô˵Դڵ֮ҲǼһѣȻ뵽׵Ը仯ô
İɣʦڰй۲죬һҪսôһʱֹġѩԺԺɲǺܵġ
ǡ
˵ʱȥˣû뿪˵ʲô
һҳ׷սԭ򣬾ΪǷĸŮ̫ˡǿģЩµ˸÷ֵʱ򣬾͸÷ֲŶԣĻֻ»ᵢһʡѩԺԺ·֪Ҫ˵ʲôĳȰ˵
ѩԺ˲ŵĵطԺܹ֮λãҲΪⷽ
ˣĳһǳֵѧȻЩƫֻҪĻպɿΪס
ףҿԷһУǲܷ׸磬Ҳ׸ʵϲҵģ֮ԲңΪ̫Լ֮ݡЩûйϵˣΪҵ˵׵ʱ쳣
ͬʱһܷ˳
Ժżķ֮󣬾ͶݣȻ˵µżñ˵żʲô
ԺȻ֪ʲôΪһһʦԲµȥ͵˵ż
ǵ⣬ԲܹΡ
ʦĪ֣Ų͵ģһӵһ幥һ죬Ϊһͷһҵ·ֵġ
ﻺ˵ż
ԭһҲһϡ
һˣŲ·ܽһ䷿УȻһûվ˸ͷɿ˵һš
ʱûȥţֱ屻ɱֱͻԭغ󣬲Ű˳
Ǹ˿ŵ̧ͷΪʲôƱǶ˼
˭֪֮ȴʵһæż¼
Ժŵ֮ЦȻ飬Ȼǡ
˵׸ҲţֻǴɱ·ʧȥ˺ܶ䣬ûмǵһ㡣
˵׷ʱиֳ˿ᡣ
ʦѾûɺ׸ˣοҲԼģԻʦȫҡ
ǲ岻ֵģһжҪнڴ׵ĸ֮ʱмǲҪЩֶΣݹΪʦִ㡣
ѩԺԺڵ֪ݺ󣬾ѾҪˡ
лʦѩԺԺٸԼȻϲ֣ͬʱҲȴʵʱȥ׸磿
ҽģȥɣ
ǣ
õԼҪĴ𰸣Ҳٶ˵ֱ뿪Ժ鷿
ߺԺе鼮վŴ˵Ȼвû˵ĸ˭жϣҲֻпǡˡΪҪҼҡ÷ˣֻϧ
ˣ˹ȻΪĺӸô࣬ôǷҵ飬ʹһʹ
˵ʱԺ˼ѾƯ˺֮ܶǰ


83 ѧʿ
ѩԺڲսڼ
ֻԺѧĻѧϰ£ȴһĿıζ
Ѿʮˣλʧˣ֮ԼҲڿ쵽ˡ
Ӯ˵ʮ֮㿴뿪ϣ
ڸղŵļսУײûżȥսʤЩѧֻԴĥʱ䡣
Ȼ׵ˮƽʤʮҲûʲô

ѾǳĵʱͻȻһйһ֮Եѧ̡
㣡ǾӵǸʳͣ
ϵν̵ѧ
Ȼв֣ȴϡǵǾд龭3µʱõľĿ
ʱѧҲĿѪӡ
񡣡ŮԼš
壿
֮¶һɻ롣
µ游Ժе㲻˼˵
ĸףǵǰ˺ˣ˺ֻǸϵ˺ҲҸԹԵɡ
ĸ׸ңҲա
ټϣȻԺŮȻ֪Ժ֧սȡ׷ŵ顣
˵ԼʱǴһôһΡ
ʵ
ԭ׵ӡҲǳãԴһΪǿд飬Ѫʮ֮Ͷ׵ĿĹˡ
ټԴһ
ԭˣҶ²ˣҺԺ޹أǿʼɣ
״һӣٶȷս
л
׾Ȼûȥ͸æ׵һлȻʼս
ΪԺŮȻл࿴ס
ֻϧˮƽҲѧǿȥ¹ʮӵʱ䣬ͱ׵ĸˡ
ˣʱѵȻԺдôҲͲǿˡӮ׶մһת¡뿪
ѾҪȥĺԺˣûбҪվѩԺߡ
У㲻Ϊԭ򣬹ΪʥԵʣҲվ׵Ķ档
ףϷȷʵ㡣ǿȴǸǲʶ֪֣֡ϰΣ
͵׻û߼һͰѩԺÿһ˶С
Ļ˵һˣڸеĶˣȻǿʺоսǸ
û㹻ûսԣʹսҲûж塣
ңСģսʱսҪԶս
չֽŵĵط˵׻ϴս
ǰһʮ˵ս仯Ϊսʱһͻơ
һ㣬ǾֻҪ뵽սûߵĿܣֻܹս
˵ƣֻʺս
Ժڿϳˣ
Ǹ֮󣬱ͣ½ŲԶİ׷ߡ
ǵڶμԺ׷һεԺһμʱ
ĻȻʧˣ˵ĸоȴӸĪǡǵõĽӶΪ˴ѧʿױ˭Ժ뵽˴֮Уֱ϶õ˺ô
ʵϣ׻Ҳ¶ˡ
Ժȷʵɾ˴ѧʿһֱûжκ˵Եڶû֪顣
ȻĻһѧʿĳ֣ʹˡ
ѧʿҲû뿪Ժֲơ
Ϊ֤ʵԼ뷨ԺһȻ˵ϲԺɹΪѧʿ
ףһ˵꣬Ժʵοģ
Ժ֪Լᱻ˿û뵽ܹΪ׸Ĳ̫ˡ
Ժûµѧ֪
˭֪Ÿһ˵顣
УԺôһֱʣҲǱһ㡣
һΧѧʱ׷׾
ԺȻΪ˴ѧʿǵĵһѧʿ
ǿǴѧʿҲٸ
̫ˣԺΪ˴ѧʿѧԺѧòμԺԵӡ
ÿһԺÿ궼ƼѧȥȥμѧѧԵʸ
һСԺֻһԺԺҲѡ
ѩԺԺʵȥ֮УҲһԺѡ
Ҳ˵ѩԺÿƼѧȥμԺԺˡ
ǣѩԺԺΪѧʿôǵԺͿȥΪԺ
Ժ֮ڣֻҪһѧʿ򣬾ʸΪԺ
ֻҪΪ˴ԺôԺػҲӺܶࡣͬʱԺƼȥμԺ˵Ҳӵ
ءȻҲҪԺѧʸȣô֮ˡ


84 īӡ
Ժϣδÿһ뵽ԺѧֻҪѧ֮ʱΪҵľӢĶ
ȻԺԺҲǷǳѵģ15ǰӵа֮һ㣬Ͳ֪̭˶ˡ
15ϵѧҲԺԺԿ֤֤15¾Ѿӵа֮
ɴ˿֪ʥ׵5Ƽ飬жôĹˡ
УһЩ˵ͳƣЩμԺ˵ѧǣһεѧҲֻɶѣʣ»϶һɡҡ
Ƽ飬͵ڿֱѧܹĽһȺˡ
ԺǰҼԺһ棬ʱԺƣ黤֡ڣԺϾȻû˿黤Ҳȫټ֮ʱԺҲвУôѲ²Ժѧʿ֮С˵
֮ʱԺԺλеѾʹˡ
ֻЩϢ沢ûס¡˶ѡ
ʣ·ǲеˣѾ֪
ⷬûʲô©
ԭˣ벻һϸĵˡԺֻ֮ǵһЦ
漴ܿðһ׹⣬žһƬõ֡
ЩһͲͣΧԺ衣
Ǵѧʿ黤塣
ңһԺֳ飬ȻϻõģּȴУһ۾ܹ
ȻԺҲѡЩּûô
ԺǴѧʿȻõʮϿɡ׿ЩԵĸпһ䡣
黤󣬹ǳΪѧʿһ֡
ҪӵҪ
һͳΪѧʿ˴ѧʿһľ磬ͿʵתΪõĻˡ
ڶǵõϿɲС
ҲҪӵһ飬ӡ
ֻҪ㣬ſӵ
δ鼮һ㵽õġ
ΪкܶطԴ鼮
ֻܹʵҲ
ַֻûôȽ첼ĲҲҪȥѰңܹӵˣ֮١
ǰʱóһֻϧǰԱ˲ûб׵õ
ʱΪ˸еźΪ岼װԵƷҲװͨƷ
֮⣬лؼҵܡرҲԴƷ
ܡرǻؼҵĲɴСȡ鶼ǳ㣬ȱֻܷ뻳УҲб͵ߵĿܡ
ˣഢ淽У㡢ȫžǡīӡˡ
īӡһֿռӡǣͨīһڲӵпռӡǣȻٰӡǿӡƤ֮ϡ
һӵīӡˣ൱һЯĿռˡ
īӡ͵ߵģֻܹǿᡣ
ǣӵīӡ˱˲ƷȻлԱīӡռ䡣
УīӡԴ飬ҲԴκδԵƷǰīӡĿռ㹻
ȻҲ޷浽īӡ֮С
Ϊһռصͻֿռңռ
һ£ֻҪ΢ԣһͻѡȥЩȥ빺īӡ
īӡֻڴſԵõʲôܹӵеģҪӵīӡҪǰ룬Ȼȥˡ
˵꣬㹻Ҳ򲻵īӡ
ԺΪԺԺȻӵлīӡʸ񡣶ȴīӡе顢ӡʮпٱ
黤󣬿Ȼǳ𺳡
黤Ҫһ㣬Щīӡһġ
ˣҲԴʵս
ʵԭһƻôԭٴдҲļĴۣͬʱƷҲ½
ǻҪǱƻĻֻҪһʱ䣬ȻڻһЩҾͿٶȻָ
ˣûսĻͨսʱֳʲôֵסսʱ򣬾ͻᷢлˣҪûл˶Ϻܶơ
ףҵû㾫һñȽϡԺ󣬾Ȼ̹Ȼĳϲס
㵹ò˹Ŀ࿴
ϾԺڿһʵĴѧʿȴ׿ڳԼһ17ĺӣ𺳵Ϣò˶þͻᴫһǡ
ԺԴ˵ǲΪȻ˵ܱǸһûдĿģԸĻҿָһս


85 ״ս
Ҫ֪Ȼӵа֮Ҳֻżѡ
ԺһôѧʿȥҪһս൱ԽݣǸӡ
ϾԺսôʤ񣬶һս
ԺʤҲΪܣܸǰܡ
Ժ䣬ͬʱΪһԼ鷳ˣһز
Ҳ鷳ģҵסȥ·Ҳûջ𣬷ָѧϰ
ԺȻйڣ˼ȴƽͣ˿ᱲѧϰĿģ
ΧսѧΪ׸Ժȱʾ
в˰ţԼ׻ôǷܹ˴ݲȵԺ
԰֮սҲʹóֳλ飬Σ
Ժ˵֮Ҳʱӻ飬ͨİٵ
ܹõѧʿָ㣬Ҳ֮ã
⻰Ҳĵġ
ȻӵҲϵ֮˵׻
Ȼ飬սȴһζûд
ս˵һܺõѧϰᡣ
ԺȻΪָսôս֮Ҿ͸һʹ
׿óԺָԼϣҲͲƽˡ
οԷѾǴѧʿˣҪûû˵ļƽԿĿ϶ס
ǾһǧҡٵΪޣһȰҸľΪ䡣
ͬ⣡
˴սСٸսԿʹҡ
ǡٸս确Ҽ֮սôֻʹܹʹҡ
ԺҾⱾս
˵֮䣬һз˳
ɢŵ⣬ԶܹⱾķϣɢĴֳ龭
龭ף߾
ȡ龭ɵǰױ˵ԼȽס
龭ѾȻʱԺ϶̲סһ˿ɫȻѾﵽˣԶ͵ָȻͬһ㡣
ԺйעףҲ˵Ϊ飬ѪΪĽ׵顣
û뵽׵飬ȻʱֽһףΪףﵽĳĵز
Ȼ׵鼮ôҾⱾХɽ֡ˡ
ѡԺһץһõõϡ
Хɽ֡һͻ鼮
ⱾֵʱһɿϢɢ
ɿϢУиӦ֮
ɽߡ

Ժһ˲䣬һ컢Х
дϻ飬˼
ҲХ֮еڵʱǰǿ˲٣˶ÿȥҲ졣
ףսķʽкܶ࣬вһЩĹεĹսʱȱҪ顣
Ժó׳һ䡣
лԺָ㣡
׳ϿҵлͬʱҲսȷʵա
ղţȻó龭ȴûڵһʱ䲼κεķʩ
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87 Э
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οûĺԺƼ飬Ҳѧϰġ
ԭȻˡ
Ҫ»ԣϾ׺ϲãĻô׾;Զ֮ˡ
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ԺѵѾԺ㷢뺯ˣ
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ԺҲǹϣס׵ѧɴֱ

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ΪÿһҶףԽǾӴõĺôͻԽࡣ

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ףĵ޷ǾʧȥźɻܵҵƣҪѡ뿪ҵĻ⳥ǰǮƶԲԣԺһ䡣
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Ȼ֮λǷǳѵõģ˱ߵĻҲǷǳĴۡ
ףʵĺ֮λǽȽ׵Ժ˵⻰֮ǰԥ30롣
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һһ꣬ʮʮ꣬꣬ȥĻò˶ǻӦþͿҩˡ
һǻȻͰŻص˹ʱУȻۿʼϢ
˵ױ֪ǻܹʲôҩҲҩʲôãܿҪȥĺԺˣԺĺԺӦ˿԰ҵ𰸡


97 
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ܿ죬һϾ͹ȥˡ
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Ȼ֮⣬սʱкܶԱԼԺԺල
Ǹֹ˫ףִ߳ù𣬽뵽һĵز
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׸磬ڵȵһˣҲףȻǰ
¼ǰֱһм䣬˵İɣӮ˸ġ
׸ȷʵǳ㣬֮׵鼮Դһǣĸ̫ˣûԴҪɳϼѣ׸ص߲ȷѡ񡣡Ŀڲɺܺá
ǰòֲô
¶ûбҪΪһװѸϵġ
֪²ó֮Ǳߡ
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뵽ԺлĪĸֳһ仰Ǿǣף˽Ϊá䡣
ǰڵ򿴵ʱ򣬶ҲǺǺһЦ
Լϵʱ׵˵ĸˡ
׸磬ǲǡһͻȻ֮Ҫ˵һܡ
ǣڿһĿʱͷ·ʲô
ԭˣѾͷ׸ʧʱ䣬ռ׸ġ￴һЩ顣
СʱԵʣԸرУóǾʲô˼
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ļսǣǳ㣬ҵļǰ
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Ͼڹؼʱ̣ӵеһ־Ȩĺ
ԺˣīԺԺҲˣϻһЩԺԺ
ܵһʱͻȻ˸ԺԺӰ
ЩԺʵֻѩԺԺμսֱӹϵʣµԺֻΪΧ۶
ԺԺһǲ̵ѧģʱҲȽɿ졣
ټμ֮սԴһˣǵĺ档
ȻҲ֪ҹϮ飬˶׸Ƿǳڴ
ҸҲˣսҪʼˡӺԺ֣Ҳã˵
ףҵˡ׼ҵˡҵˣ
벻˵ļʱȴ̲סС˵һ䡣
νĴҡܿ׼ҡңǴڵĺҡ
Щ˵鲼ʮɣүȻڵλϱǸ߹󣬵ȴû취Ტۡ
˵ҺţҲȥ
ԶҵĿгԵĺ⣬֪ϮǷйء
Щҵ棬ֻʶһйڵԶ
ʱ׵һɵľԶ
ϸ룬ԶҪϲ飬ǾͲð˵Σȥ
һϮǲԶν׻޷¶ۡ
ڿ׼ҸңǶûнӴ˶ȻҲǺ˽⡣


98 䡷
ȻλѾˣô˵˵ҵλԼ֮ɡ֮󣬾Ϳʼս
һΣṩϣԼѩԺϿɣʽӵҼԼŵʸ񡣡
ķʽΪսսʱʹңֻܹѡһ飬˫ɱʤΪҼ̳ķţ߸ϳңӴԺҲ֮ˡ
սҪ˵һ飬ҴĻпսˣҲȥ⳥ѡ
ͨһ㣬׾֪ԺǷЭ齻
ȻĻٿףҲԵƫ̻
˵սĹֶסʵףǷʣ
ûУ
סͬʱش
ܺãȻûʣôȥҵ䳡ɣ
ǣ
˵֮˷׷תƵطһĴԺ֮С
Ժܴѵá
סشó飬׼ս
ǺԾķɢܼලˣ䵱˴սί
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ഫһΪһ飬ǰ֮նɱһͷȻͷǱʡѪīˮͬʱͷ顣
ֹˣԼһѧ뵽棬Ȿ䡷ʵ䡷Ҳ͵ǵһѧҪʹⱾ飬ҪӵѪС
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ٻ֮£䡷ڵֻΪһɾ޴Ļ硣
˸״ֻܹܵһҵϢ
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Ȼֻа˽ף˵ϣӳֱƾŽܡ
ٵټϡ䡷ĻҸսʤ
ڿ䡷Լֳ󣬾֪Լʤʲһ
ʱΪҲһٵղͷųȴǳ׵
ȻûпǶ٣Բ١
Բ15ٵѾҪ¡鶼һˡ
ȻҲйء
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һǸӹţôҶܵǣ

˼ǧʱͻȻһ𴫵ݳ漴ΧĻҲɢһա
ţһսףֳ泤ǹͬŮͳ˵С
׸磬ȻһǼ֮ôҾĴ飬䡷ս
ٻս׺󣬾͵׼
ңսȻá䡷սôҽҲԴġԶʮս
׸ܵƺ󣬾֪Լʹá龭սĻʤΪ㡣


99 ʱӳ
֪õս׵ļӳֺ󣬽ս֪˶ٱȫá۵أ¶סĹ
ⲻ˵۵ǿ̫ˡ
ο˫ȼҲס
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ˣսԳһңס֮սɷֻսܹʹá
պսᱻûϣˡ
ˣһ⡣
óˡԶʮ󣬲ûֱٻӰתͷ
뽲ͷʡ
дһµ½ڣ֪ɲԡ
µ½ڣڣ


һʱ仹еΪѡ
ļУڵļսһҲᳬ5Σһû˵˭׼׶εʱҪд顣
ͬģսɷУҲû˵д顣
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ʵȻͷӦ׵ĹϵҲ֪ԼͷӦͻ˳ƫ̻ʧ
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лīԺ
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īԺԺ˵ʱҲԼīӡٻһ顣
ҡһͶУȻٻһӱ
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100 ˫֮
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101 ʤ
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ΪֹҲΪҵȨˣҪҲ١
񣬾ȻһſھͳһҸһ֮λ
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102 
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ףûλ㣬ֻһͨѣȰԶһ㣬ĻʲôͲˡԶȻв
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ǰҶףΪź֮λһǱױͨˣڲ˼ˡ
ԶҸûôܣԺڳƺΪһ㷢սԶвףȻǷŭ
ԶûΪĻŭʱܺá
飬ѾǺˣûκοܣҺܿͻףʱ͵ŸҶװɡ˵֮ԶҲһּʹӵ£뿪䳡
Զ֪һȥԺޣȻĿŵвңҵȻܴ󡣡׷һ㡣
ԶвǸ̫⡣
磬ӦþǰĺԺȲ˵Զвû˺֮λϻ飬һЩҿ̽ˡ
ǳϡУοϵ鶼û걾һﵽףһﵽס
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֪һҿܻżǣҶԶʲôֵ飬ЩûмѪȴǸں
ЩѪŽᣬҪǶԲݸֻ֣ҪûиϾɱôʣµͻǰȥ״
״ѣôͻøյҡ
ϾÿһҶռŲСԴ˱ܶ˵ǣڱҪ£ǲðȥŭġ
ҲΪˣԶ²Żǳơ
Ϊʧȥλ󣬽ɱ˭֪ͻȻ֮ͳΪȫһѧԼܹˡ
һ㣬ͽ׵Ҷûа취
֣ǵˮƽУܵǵİȰڲҪȥ׵鷳ûлشԶ⡣
ʵԶ鿪ʼͿĳͼ
֣Ҫ֪ĿңĻشܹ⣬ôҽʧȥҵꡣӶܾԶıˡ
ˣǷҽϽãһûκμʵȨܹ֮ģѩԺҲԺɱ
㲢֪Ѿʧȥ˸ѵĻᣬܶԶͣ½ŲĿ
ԶһȻûжҲ뷴Զһ仰
ûüſڣһ˽
Զ˭˵ֻ廰Ȼˡ
֪ԶԺ󣬾˼ѧ̽Զڵĵط
ѩԺʮ㣬Ӣд飬˵Ƿ˿ء
ûлѶʱ䣬ʹԶԺڣȻԶĶԻ
ԶΪѵĻ˵Ϊ֪ļӵܣӶܵǣ׵Ļһ㶼ԶҲûбҪ
Ҫ֪˴ӵһμʱ򣬾Ͳһָ
֮ԶǸԣʱ׳ʥ֮⣬ûĹǿĹֶΣֻ粻Զˡ
ף벻£ڿ¶ˡԶ׵֮󲻽ûзŭ˷ܡ
ΪһηѾĻѩԺΪľ׻
㣿ѵУҸڵѧγ̾Ϊ˶㣿һЦȻƵĿԶ˵һսͶһ֣
սͶĻôλɱ󣬱ɱ˻Ҫܵ˺
˺ȻҲԻ˲ܡ


109 
˵ˣҲûнӴսǲϿܵġԶȻϵ
Ҫ֪׵ˮƽڶģɲԼܡ
սң˵ڶ㣬Ц֪ˣǼ̼Զ
ߣʥߴףȻսĻֻ㲻һɡ׵ƣԶȻˡ
ֻϧôһ˵ȴ»
ãǽ˵ץסᣬһ
⡭Զһ㶣û뵽׾ȻץסҪս
֮⣬Ҳóս벻쾹ȻҼֱһԵҲͻȻ˵һ仰Դ˸Զģ޷ֱӾܾס
ףҪҺս
ңǸִең
ţ벻ҪҴսǽ۸ˡ
ȥ׼ս
ȥڳսĵط
ԴչֳξʵսԼξʵս֮Ժѧرϲۿ׵ս
ϾϵĿ̫ˣżһ»սһַʽ
ߣףȻȡ裬ô͹ֲˣԶսⲻˣһȥ
ʱĿһ
ΪԶ֪ԼսҲӮҲûк˸Ƕˡ
Ͼһ֣ĴˣսôӮףȻԵõһЩС
սôӮ˾ǿ˾Ǽˡ
УǾڶѧΧ۵£ԶԲܹʹһЩӵֶΣ
㣬ԶŻԺѧϡ
ףԺϣܹȡʤ
ף
׵ͷȻҲ߳
һʱһȺѧȺѧСŮУ׷׵ĻŮӶࡣ
ЩŮѧֻ׷ףûдС
ϾǺܹ׳ɫ꣬ôᣬȻΪݵĶ

Ժ㳡
Զվ˵ΧվΧ۵ѧ
Χ۵ˣ׵ûʲôĸоԶɫȴǳѿ
ΪΧ֮˾ףȫֻżһЩ֮
ٿԶҾһЩˡĸ֪㶼ԶѩԺΪ鷳ġ
һ˵׸Ĺϵ˵֮ʱõİӶһμѻ
ԶǸҪƼѻˣԼƴ󣬲ȴѹףǲѩԺУǰ׵鷳
һԺѧԶʱͱЩһˡ
ΧѾԽԽƫˣǻǸϿ뿪Ϊһ鴫ôҵͻܵӰ졣Զһıʿһ󣬸æԶһ䡣
ִ֮Уÿһϵӵܶõһıʿ
ıʿǵϢϢأһֻҪıʿḺԾ档
¹ش飬ǻǿֹ
һ֮λߵСӣմλʥߵĹ⣬õīʥ裬ҲԲӰ쵽ҵĸԶЦŶıʿ˵
ҪʿɶֹѾѾע⣬֧ˡϾʧȥ˾λӵ飬׸Ļôıʿ˵Ͳټ˵ȥˡ
ĵǺܶ࣬Ȼ׸Ŀܶ뵽ˡ
һʼͻǹ֮λԴ˷׸
Զͷû˵ȴпܣĻҾ͸ܷŹˣΪϲ飬Ҫ֧֡
ǳǷ棬ԶѾȷҪֳ˸ߵˡ
ףս飬ҵҵġ·⡷ս»ˡԶóһ飬Ȼʾ
Ȿһʱһźƾճֱ֣ӰΧԲʮ׵ĵط
ͬʱΧĿҲ˲併34ȣΧѧ׷㿪ɹֵķΧ
ҵȻҲǹͼǾǾҲԿ⡣¶ҵϿ˲١
ǹҵǿһӶ֪
ףȻ֪ҵôȰ㻹ĺáϾң飬㶼޷ҿ⡣Զ
㲻ôھ͸㣬ҵžԴⱾŽ顶·⡷ԶĻȡ˸ɣΪⱾֻӡԭ
УĵλԣӡҲžŽȫƪݣҲһСֶѡ
ˣҲǳǿˡ


110 ս
˴սֻʹһ飬ʹΪһޣɸǩԼԶף˵սԼ
սԼ飬ҪͨƷϹԱ¹ӡУõóȻԸǩ¡ЩʱնԴɷЩ˽⡣
ңҪڴ֮ͥ½սôҪƷϹԱȨ
˽ս㷸һ־Ҫܵͷ
ȨԶ״Ӧʹīӡ֮ȡһֽ顣
ң鶼УװԸ̾һ䣬˵Լɣ
ܺãϣ㲻Ҫڣ
ԶЦһɫ漴ЩΪһɱ׵Ļᡣ
ֻҪǩ飬ôɱף˵顢޷κīʥҲûа취
Ѿⶨɣ㣡
ԶóһֱƷԲ͵д֮󣬾ͽӸ˶ס

Ҳǩ֮ԼһȼΪһƬҳ
ҳڿγƣһ뵽Զġ·⡷档
𣿡׿ҲԼġԶʮó
ȻһǸҳҲ˲뵽С
Լɣ׼ʱ30룬30սʼ
Զ˵꣬ǱŽӡ·⡷޷Զзһҳ
أأ
ҳһ򿪣һޡ֮
󣬡·⡷һڹ⣬ֱӽսĳתΪһϵĴׯ֮С
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ׯֻˣһԶԼһˡ
Ĺսѧׯ档
ܹׯڵĳҲõ˵ĶԻ޷˵ж
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ȥ֪ͨԺ
ñ׼ǽƴѣҲԶϡ
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벻мˣ
һԵҲһ㶣û뵽׾ȻǩսҲæȥԺ
ߣԸҼսǻõƷԱȨ˭ҳְףȨֱӴɱ
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ЩıʿĵȼǳߣҴӴҳĶսǳֵĻɱٰʮѧĲٻ¡
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ʱվڴׯ֮ڣܹڶߵૣֻ˵ʲô
һֻ϶ҲܹõǰԼȫգĻͿԸֻ
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ף仹ü
ԶϵһУֳԼȡ
ʵϣȴͣźǧҪ
ȻӵܣдߣҪĻҲ䡣
ײмһЦȻһӣֱӰһҴӹʱڵġסʥٻע뵽֮ڡ
ߣ֮
Զ˵һ䣬ŴׯΧͳٸӰ
ЩӰƮ˸ƻã˸׽͸
ЩӰǹĳΣԶԲǶǧľˣûһٻٹҲ˵ѡЩΪ
ϰһĿɲǽ⣬ĶսҲͬǰǿ
ȻҪϮôҾԼɴ⬣޴֡
뵽ŶһעʮһٻʮѳӰ
ӰһͰװʵʵ
321
Ӱ֮30׼ʱҲڽˡ
ԷֳӰ飡
͵ʱһɲǣ˲˳Ӱһ䣬漴ֱ㻯ΪӰϡ
һҽߵĳӰ൱ڴﵽʮһѡ
תɵĳӰ֮⣬ʮѳӰ׵Χ
ʮѳӰֻܹõҪóȻףû˵ףȱЩӰˡ


111 

ԶͨҵֶΣҲ֪Ӱ顣
ΪŪ׵ʵҲѡͶ50Ȼ󻨷һǧңٻʮȥס
Щڹ峡ļӳ£ԻʵΪ飬ܹڹӰ֮תλãޱȡ

ֳֳӰʱнܶԷĹй죬ֱӾڶĳӰ£Զ˹ȥ
һǰ
߽ףǿ׳ޱȣһ֣ʱγһϣס׵ȥ·
ʣµ߸׷׳׵еֳеֳֳìһ־ƺƴ

ĹǿǳӰҲ
ЩĹȫΧĳӰסû˺׵һ˿һ
ǹǹʱйЩΧ¶ȴ׵ľҲܵһ˿Ӱ졣
Ҳһ˿Ӱѡ
Ҫ֪ǾİѾﵽ˾ţԹľ񹥻˺
ܺãȵǰЩӾĴ򶷳ˡ
׼󣬲ϲҪľսӲӲһ˵
ΪһԽߣǰ֪ٴԼΪеǣȥЩħս
ڵõᡣ
ӰУ
׵һͺȣΧĳӰҲת˲ɢȥ
һЩ׵ĹͲòƵҲȥ
ҲᣬĳӰϷǰߵʮѳӰǰ·ǹȥ
ϰһ꣬˵ûʹýʱЩ裬ɱûսʶĹǿġ
齣֮·벻㾹Ȼѡͨĵ·ĳɾҲֹڴˡ
Զ⻷ƣ뵽׵ġԶʮⱾ飬Ͳµ׿Ѿ齣֮·
ǣԶȻϲмɰȴص뵽ԶʮŸճѾΪ׵ĴڣʮʱⱾͿԽΪʥ顣ô׵ͼıɾͲСⱾʥΪ齣ʥ
ҿʥߵңԶΪҵĵϵӵܣȻ֪һЩʥߵ顣
֣ҪԺ֮ǰɱס
һˣԶʣµһͬע뵽֮С
ǱߵĹͻȻ֮ͱ30ͬʱ׵Ľżһֻ֡
Ȼǿ˲ͻס׵Ľף𵽽εĵز
Ϊͻıʣ뵽վͬʱΪЩֵԵʣҲڳ˺ۡ
˺ʮÿһ˺۳ƤֳһƬ֮ɫЩɫƤ滹ۿĺ
Щ׵Ƥϣɢȥ

齣֮ȥɢ֮ȴһЧûС
ڲͣһۣԶٻ峡Ϊľһˡ
һߵǵĹһ߷ڵ״
óֻҪԼڹ֮УôֻҪܵһ˿˺ͻΧϮ
ǳƣоһֹʽ
ಣ
ʱͻȻƿ֮
֣
˲䣬ЩѾǰ
Щһȥʮ֧
ٶֿ죬ֳֻܹʮѳӰǰһηסĹ
һЩд
һʣµʮѳӰסЩ
ԷֳӰ
Σ֮£ϵĳӰźһӣĵ˳ӰеԴ˷סһι
ӰϺ󣬾תΪ֣»ص֮С
ԶǻȫӦʣˡ
ȻֱӾսôҲ
˼ת
ԶϣȴȶͬʱҲҸףողŵսԼԣ˫ͬʹ1ң£ҿ϶ûʲôʤġǡ
һˣִʱһ⡣
ⰴǷǳҫ۵ģ׵ѹ֮£Լĸ֮£ȴ˸
⣬ʥ
֮ʱסʥ齱׵ǵʥ
ͨʥ֮ͿһǧɫʥٻҪɡ


112 齣֮
ʥ̫ˣҪ֮дںܳһʱ䣬ӵһЩĹܡ
ǻ𵽼ļӳá
Ҫ֪׸ԶµԼУǰֽдĲʹá
ʹʥ֮ͲΥ涨
ˣ
ʥע뵽˲䣬鶼ҵĲ
顶ԶʮҲһâ
âһЩΧʱһɨգ޿ײĹ֮Ҳȫʧ
ʥ֮Ȼûҵ˿ڣȴɢ뵽ڵ
ʧ׸еһɡ
ϾһֺǿĸǱ뵽ڣֵܵĸӰ죬Ҳήҡ
Ǳֵʱϳô뵽ڵֵ࣬Ҳּ
ɢˣѵʣµҶɢҵɣ
ԶҲһɻ
Ȼ֪ӵʥ֮ˣԱܵľΪ֮ܲϮӶеõɢ档
ᣡһᣡ
Զ׽ȻңʵսʼڣҲֻһҶѡ
ʱԺԼԺЩȽǿûелɱס
ףǵһѿˣΪ˱ʾġл⡯ʶһ
ԶһȣŹڵ֮Ϳپۼ
Щױ˵ĹҲ׷׻ɹ֮ںһ
󣬵еȫں֮󣬱һ߽5׵ľ޴׵ǰԶ
һ嶼
һĻŴӼڻԶ顣ǿսʿȥԶ½һƲҲҵӳ£Ϊ
н죬һɵǧ
ҪսʱڣֻҪֻ㹻֧֣ôһ˾Ϳɱһǧ˶ӡ
һ㣬ֳǿ󣬸ֳһǿϵжҪ

˺Ƿһͺ𣬽žͰеľ޸һն
ߣĵ˶ѵĻôͱҲˡһڹǰһɲǣͽ鷭˴һҳ
׾øոעʥִȡ仯Ϊ˫Ĵ
ʥļӳ֣һߡ
ȻϸСۿȥûʲôˡ
ǷŴʮͻᷢŹַɵģҷÿʱÿ̶仯׽͸
˫ԶʮھţԶһҵ
˵꣬ҲôŹһն
˵ն˵ͬʱҲͬһ㣬Է֮״һ

һ׵Ĵֱ˹ľ޸ȻŹȥ
ǹѡޣԴ˾ܵļСɵ˺ԶԲܹ޻
ΪסôֱնɱԶ
ϾʱԶҲѾʹõеҸ
ûҺǻûмĻǿͨ˶ġ
ԶҲ޷ЩᲢֻۣҪնǱһĽҲԶ
㣬ֻܹʵ廯Ȼ󽫾޸ǰԶĹ
飡
˴Ĵûùˣȴѹ˽ףͬʱҲ˹ĵһ
ԶĻǣټں϶ɵģһ塣
ԹڹҪʱҲҪľͻʧʱԶڡ
ʥ֮ļӳ֣ҵҲӯ鶯ҲʹһеĽ
Ŵļӳ֣Ȼղܵ˲ˣ״̬ȴоǳĺã֮ղŸá
ʽ
ֻͨʹʱ򣬸ֽͿʹó

׹Ҳܿž޸ס
һһһܿսһš
˫ֻǽսغϣ׻Ѿռơ
˵һʹýһļҲʥ֮ļӳ£ȷʵԽսԽ£ҲԽԽ
ʥ֮ļӳ£ΧнУЩҪͻȻϮĹֻ֣ҪֻҪһ¶ͻᱻΧĽ顣
ٿǸÿһ׵Ĺͻһ׻ˣĵĻࡣ


113 ʥ
ôôһӱôǿѵԶʮ
ԶŵĿǰս֣ôҲ벻ǽսܹǧĹȻֻܹ±ء
ң𽥱ĴȻǰܾѶ
漣ĻûʤĿܡ
һԶɫҲʼò԰
û뵽ԼȻܣƵһ㣬Ҳ˵ҪԼʱ
һԶܵѹ൱֮
սƷԱȨҵĵ䣬ҲҪԷܲſԡԶһֱвв뵽䡣
ǣһӵ˵䲻ܴ裬Լڼ֮
Ҫ𣿻ԷϵӵܵݣٻڸҼӳһʥսʤףԶ˼ޱȾᡣ
ҵĵӿ϶еƣԶͬҲ⡣
ǣЩƵĴۿǷǳ޴ġ
ԶҪٻʥߣʥߴʥ֮æһֶΣͻֱʧȥϵӵܵݡ
ûݣԴᱻʮֹͬʱҲ޷ȥҵļ߲֮λ
պܹΪѧʿ֡ʥôпͨ¼ϵĻһӾˡ
ڵԶ͵ԼһӣȻԼȥˡ
Զһζҳֵ쿪ʼ֮ĹϵѾȷˣȥɣ
ԶԥӦʱѾԹ󼸽Ĺ
ף÷һ֣ʲôʸȻ˵仰Զ˻ߵĶ׺
÷ϲ飬ôӦҸΪǰᣬһζȥǿ󡣡ĿԶ˵ϲаֻǵռҪռİˡ
µľǡݡڵ֮ʱС˵ӰӾܶ࣬ԼдҲм˲е˵
ռ˵Զôһ˵ʱôŭ
ں˵׼Զŭͼʵں˵ΪʲôҪ߳ŭѵ㲻Ϊ˵ƣӶеԲŻ첱Ӵ𣿡
㡭ףףɱ㣬Ϊӵܣ
ŭ֮£Զʧȥǡ
ô˵ԶҲֻһʮ꣬ο׻ڱ˵Ĺά֮³ģܵ
ɱңĹܣ㻹ʲôֶܹҿ⣿һЦʵȴо
ڵϣÿ˶֪һ仰Ǿǣսӵˣսӵˡ
ԽǱֵĶԶԶͻԽסӶǰ¶Ը׵ֶΡ
ףûһһжҵġ
Զȷʵ׼ŭˣֻ˫һ˿⣬ҧ⣬һѪ絽ˡ·⡷֮ϡ
սپ
׿ԶҲмӿ˹ٶȡ
Сԣǿƹ廹ŲСĸ
ԶԸԸԵϵѪΪۣԴ˻ȡһʥڳȫ
ڹۿ״ɱʱԶҵʱѩԺ
ͬʱһɭ־ؿռڣһڹϺڹеŮӣͻȻ֮˫ۡ
Ůӿȥͬ˫ʮ껪ʵԳ
ң͵˫۵һɲǣԶѩԺսסԶеһǿᵽޱϢ١
ǹ־ͬ޵Ԩһ㣬ͬʱ޾Ϣ
һ֣ԶͣϵĹ
࣡ʥͨĲ࣡¶Էڴ˵أûۿңҶѹȵ޷аԸ̾
ʵǶʥĻԿԿϢڴ֮ͥ£ȴûа취һ㡣
īʥʱʱһǿȴѷ֡Էı岢ûҲ˵ӶԷֳѹҪīʥǿ
ܵһ׶ʱΪӵܸôţˡ
뵽жʱ走ҪһôţƵڣҲţ尡
ˣˣ
׸֮̾࣬ԼΧһﶼ·ֹһ㣬Լ֮ٶȷǳ֮
ԶȷҪԼѪȡһʥ𣿡
һ޸뵽ԶС
ڣֻҪҵõʥ޷ֹڵսôκδ۶ԸԶѾŭģʧȥǡ
ܺãҪѪʮ
ʲôʮ
ڿȴԶе޷ܡ


114 
ҡԶ˰죬ҲûӦ
ԸٶȴͬʱʥߵѹҲ˲˴롣
ͬ⣡ڣͬ⣡
ԶԷջʱҧӦһ㡣
ڵͬĻҲᱻɱ
ֻѡҪôҪôʧȥϵѪʮ
ѡ񲻹˭϶ѡߡ
Ը
ٶȴ漴ԶϵľŽʱըһźúԶΧס
ʮӣȻ㻯ʧ
ʧ֮󣬻һεϰ˳׸ʥֽ߳ΧĿռ䡣
һǺѧʿʥ٣ڽ֮սˡ
ٿԶѪʱһȦͬʱɫƣͷҲһ룬һ·𼴽ģһ㡣
Ĳĸı䣬ǷԶΧһɫ塣
ǵɢǿϢע棬·ܹӣԼ޾˻
ʥҵʥ֮
׵˵һ䣬ŰѴǰ
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ϾǺԶԶٻҪ۵ģ۾ǾŽӡ
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116 
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117 ۡ
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118 һʥ֮
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119 ֮Ӱ
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ҪĻطòһģһֻһʵģһõĶѡ


120 ʲôԣ
˵ЦˣֻǼ޾֮γɵѡЩԹټ֮У޷Ǿ֮ռҵѣȻΪ֮ǣǾԲɹġ
ܰһ˵ţһߴ˺ڹףһ˽ȥ
ֿɣעҪңӰһܰתʱ˲䣬һź嵽ܰǰ
ˣ
ֻǣŸոտܰͱһƾճֵĽâסˡ
ɢɹâģȻǡͶ򴫡ֳˡ
ʥ֮ѵʥѰˣӰصĿ֪ܰе㳬ˡ
һͬ˯ɣһѵʱҪطˡڹ׺ܰɺãȻѡۡԭԼͶ򴫡ֳǰ
һ䣬õܰͱһǿ뵽ˡ֮ۡУܰҲ۾
ǣ͵ײıϵһ˲䣬ܰڵƬռҲó
ֻڹ׹֮󣬻һǳĻӰ˺ڹ׵Ϸ
ܰջˣΪ˼Ǹ࣬ľԼԸûиӦҷһ顣
Ӱֺ󣬾Ͷźڹ˵УΪҲֳ֪һۡڣҾȥǸϣ࣬ʲôĴڡ
Ӱ˵ޣʧˡ

ѩԺڡ
ʱ׸ԶսΧѾΧѧ
¡ҲһЩ˸
ŮϵֻԶһվڳУʧһͬ˾ֺͺ⡣
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ȻǴսȥԶս
ԶȻҪȥֹ£ȴԺһЩǸǣסˡ
Ժȴ·Щɴ˿ɼҲԶɱ⡣
Ҳٻ˽Ľȴĸǣסˡ
Ҫ֪ĲǸˣͬʱҲ
Ŀǣһ鶯ֵĻô϶Ҫ־޴ʧ
㣬ʧʱѩԺѾ쳣ˡ
ȿȣ
ַʱ֮ڵԶͻȻ³һѪȻһֱӹ˵ϡ
ҵѾˣڲƵĻ»²Զܵ״󣬾ͼѵĴīӡȡһҽ顣
ҽҲһֻ֣ҽһ㶼ǷǳģϧԶڻܹʹãΪսûн
Ϊʲôȥôʱûүү˵жô£˵ôʱ䣬һܵƵľ˶ӦѾ˲Ŷԡ
Զǳɻ󣬶лԼԼһɲ
ڴʱռͻȻһϺ֮Ӱ֮ڡ
Ӱĳ֣ͷ·Ϊ֤Ԥһ㡣
ΪӰס
Ǹֻˣ
׻󣬿ŹڵϵԶ˵һ䡣
⡭ôܣ
Զ׵ɫʱòҰޱȣΪ׵ĳ־ʹѾˡ
ʱԶû飬ҲûԸ޷׿⡣
ԶĲһ㣬ϳеǱӵкɫ鼮
ذڶڡΪʲôڻ㡣Ϊҵĵӣڳû˱ԶⱾʥʲô
ܹõڡⱾʥ飬˵׻Ҫл㲻ϧѪԼʮΪҴء
װѡڡȻޱȵԶ
ۣ
ԶƺأԵ׵ĸлһѪ
һԶʵΪʲôٸΪʲô
Զĺܲģ֪ԼΪʲô䣬Ļҡ
ÿ˶ԼܸƣĵƲңڵ³սʼ֮ʱѾעˡ˵
ȻԶΪʲôˣԶע֪Լ
ˣȻ죬ɻһݵ
һʱԶսˡ
ԶΪҵӣҵĵϵҾüʦҵʥ
ˡ
׵Ļһ䣬ΧΧĺɫ壬˲پۼ׵֮ϡ
ʥ벻Ұ㴫أȻǷݵΪʦ⻹㲻㡣Զϵʥ󣬾ʹΪûˡ
㻹ʲô𣿡
ûֱӶ֣Զһ䡣


121 ֮
ôһʣԶ淢ԼҪԡ
ףҿ԰ҵҶ㣬ǻЩҵӣ׷ʮ꣬ҲϣʲôòԶһˣȻīӡе鶼ȡ˳
֮ʱҪôֳªһ棬Ҫôͻֳһ档
Զһֳ̱һ棬ǳ׵ϡ
ҴӦ㣡׵ͷӦԶи
Ȼǵˣô˵ҲʥϵͽܣԿʥϣԼԶǰı֣׾ӦҪ
Ҫ֪һʼʱ׻ΪԶǰأ˭ȻľȻǰѲƲָ¡
б𣿡ͻȻ֮䣬ôһ㲻ˡ
ʵϣȴܷŹԶⲻ˵֮ûкϽĿܣײܹԶ˵صܡ
Զ֪ĸ࣬ʲô֪ҲðգΪײǹһˡ
˵лл㣡ԶЦһȻ۾

ͬЦһͶԶһ㣬ʥͰԶ
벻־ȻҪһֱȥã׿ŵԶε̾һ
˵ʵԶѡ׺Ǹп
ոձʥѪԶʥʴ£һӶûмֵͱʥɣһͷûʣ¡
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ʥԶʱ˲һɣ׻ʥȻӵתĹܡ
Ҳ˵ʥԶʱԶǾһֱתƵ׵ڡ
һȻ٣ȴ׵;
֮ǰܵ˺Ѿۿɼٶˡ
׸šۡķа˵ĸо·ΪһҪǣҾȻܵһƷǾʱĸоȻָоСԲд
ʵõʥʱ򣬾֪ʥкܶʹ÷
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ֶΣ˵֪ĻҪǲŹ֡
꣡꣡
ˡۡзʥʥֳ֮ʱ֮ǰܰµڱˡ
˲䣬ʱһٻӰ׵ĻС
ͬһʱ䣬׾͸оԼǰһ˿ʪȻǱµˮʪġ
Ҫ֪ղſɲֹΪˣ˶Ϊˡ
ϾԶٻʥ֮
˭Ҳ벻ȻϷԵı仯ȻԼҵӣΪͽذڶġۡӡס
ΪֳӡǷֲ˵ģ˶Ϊ׵õӡ벻ϵĻֳ
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µĺ󱳣Űοһ䡣
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ڸղǾһûʲôֻΪ׸ѡ
ϾϴΪǾǿд飬ŪѪʮ黹ûеȥֱ֮С
黹һ㣬׵ͻȻ˵ҲܸˣƵסԳ˱Ǽ⣬û̫۵ľٶֻĬĬĿס
ʱԺҲǰ
ʵԺĻ϶Ҫµ硣
ղ֮Բ֣׸һЩռ䡣
벻㾹ȻΪʥĵӣҪ֪ʥûչһͽܡԺпѡ
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ȥɣ쿪ʼͲҪˣʱȥжһ¡ۡʥɲͬ飬Ȿ͵Ա֮
Ժ˵ʱüס¡ͻǵլԺ
ЩԶӣǰԼԶ鶼ָǣȻ뿪ѩԺ
ȻЩӵõ鶼һЩͨ飬Щרе飬Զûдīӡ֮ó
ԵԶ֮ЩҲīӡ鳹ױռ֮ˡ
뿪ѩԺѧҲɢȥˡ
ȻҲܺ浽׷ʲô飬ȴҲ֪ǣʥߵ飬Լҵ鲻ǹʡ


122 㣡
׸Զսĵ
ԶڴһߵҼһͨ棬Ǿ״ӽ쿪ʼʽΪʥӣκҵӼҪг֮
ԶֱӱҴˣԶһӵܣΪԶܵ˻ٵǣ
ʱΪ˵ףȴڱ¸ʡ
磬쵽ΪʲôҪԶս
ףѵԶĲ𣿡
磬Զҵĵϵӣ飬ʤԶļȻһɣ
ףŹͷ濴ʣҲزˡ

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ֻǣȴӻзſȻ˵ǲ㣬ʱ¶һվⲻԶĶŷš
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΢Ц˵ȥɣ
ţ
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ȻԸȽŮҲܳŮйŮ飬Էſġ
ȻҲķϰйء
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ڳĻ׵ĹϵȷҲֶǣġ


123 ־
뿪֮Ҳͼ򵥵ϴһȻϴ˯
սǼңáԶʮԵʱ׵ľĺܶ࣬ͬʱҲ׵
Уʥ֮Ҳܶľ
ۺЩײڴûã뵽˯֮С
Ȼ׳˯֮һѼĺɫ壬ȴӴ˽
ɺ֮Χת˼ȦͻһõӰǰƯϷ
벻ܰϣˣȻëͷСӣҲ֪ʲô֮Ӱ·ף뵽
Ӱǡۡ顣
ڸʥ֮󣬾صӰ֮Уй۲װڵһС
Ҳȷʵôһر֮ΪҾȻ޷ҵֳۡҿԿ϶ϡ
Ӱһ׺ͻȻԵ顣
Ϊһ飬Ӱ롶ۡ׺ͶҪԭ߻ߣ԰˵ֻҪװѡۡϣǴ浽īӡ֮УҲӦܹܵŶԡ
ǣʱ̿ɲīӡʱ̵ĵȽֻҪȡۡⱾʥ黹ߣ˺Ӱʱ̵ĴڣӲװѡֳۡŵ
ܰõһʥֳǹʥǿҲ˵ϳˡ֮ۡ⣬Ӧûһʥ顣ֻ¾ܰ׿˵飬Ҳš
Ӱ׺󣬾ȻԼԼܹﵽܰĸо
Ȼ֪ϵʥǡͶ򴫡һʮѾһʥԭһʥֳһ漣ˡ
ʱܰ˵ҪһһطҲ˵ϵʥҪǿֻſɵҡ
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Ӱһ󣬾뵽ΣķҰĻС
ಣ
뵽󣬺Ӱ㻯һâ뿪׵ķݡ

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ʵ˵Ҫһ㣬ȻǲҪ˵ĹԶϰ䣬˼ɵġ
Ůҵһ˽ӣĸûǰҲֻһͨŮĸҲϲĸףټŮֲãԲŻΪŮ
ҲҺŮñȽƯõԶϲĸ׹˺ӡ
ֻŮôҲ벻ԶͻȻ֮͵̨ˣһԼܵǣ
˼ѾɱԶе׽֮ˣԶϲŮɡ
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İɣҲӵѪķϣٵǻ΢չһĸס
ҵɱָ̾һ䣬Ȼ׼ɱ֡
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ǷŹҰɣ˵ĻĸһĵģֲãûҵһԴֻ涼ǳѡ
˼ɿధǳ˵Ҳȷʵҵɱе㲻̡
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⡭ðɣ
ɱһ̣Ȼε˵˼ʵĸѾˣȻҲΪܵԶǣ
ܣһƭңƭҶԲԣ˼ɱǵĻ֮󣬵һ뷨ǲš
ǣɱЩεıͶʱ뵽޵Ԩ֮С
ԭˣȻĸѾˣôҲûлȥˡ
ȷԼĸ֮˼ûȼɱֱֶ֣ӴӻóһذףȻԼǰ
Ҳڵϡ


124 
˼ɱɱֶĬ
磬ɱˣֲַ̫ڣûʮˣҪҪ
ʶĸףĸǰһܺõˣһΣҲ붯֡
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˼ҾȻɱԼҵĺ󱲣ŮϵѪŨһ˷ǳõ顣
Ӱ·뵽ʲôǱ㻯һûŮ֮ڡ
ȿȣ
ȥ˲䣬ŮȻ˫ۡ
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ЩȻӰռ˼󣬲ġ
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Ӱһ˵ţһߴӻӳһеּֽֽЩģˣϸȥĻܹġ
ףҳֽӡҲֳԭһҳУֽҳȻٶңµʡȥҲٵ鷳
Ӱֶֽ֮˸еһ⡣
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ΪʹòҲһѡ񡣡˼ںӰĹƻ֮£˼˲ת
ͬʱΧðĺɫâ


125 Ѫ
ȻѪѣ벻ȻڵһʥѪ֮Ҳ˵ڿٻۡͶӰˡ
Ӱҷǳ˽⣬Ϊԭ߾ǵһʥ
Ӱ˼Ѫа˼Ҫ֪ܰڵõۡԭ󣬲ſʥ֮Ѫ֮ģŮȻԼѪ˼
ʥѪ֮Ը߹󣬾ǿ߶ȵĸʥϡ
һ£ԭ֮⣬ûһ˻ʥٷ֮ٵϣʥĺҲС
˵ԭ֮󣬸ʥΪϵǸˣͻ̳һʥ顣
ͬʱ϶Խߣʹóʥ֮ҲԽǿ
ͺñڵ˼ΪںӰĹƻ£Ӷˡꡯ۾ʥѪҲӵʹáۡȫ
Ҿ͵Ѫ˲䣬ʥֱ֮ӴԽռӳֵ˼ϡ
˼õʥ֮ʹܰʧȥʥ֮
ֻԶܰΪʱ̫ͬʱҲҪѹ飬˵ʥٻߵ˲䣬ֻܹ֪˾ʥѪûа취ȥ˭Ҳûа취Ϣݸҡ
㣬һ˷ʥʸŮǵСеˡ
ÿһ˵ǹƽģÿһ˶Ȩõİꡣ
˼ＤʥѪ󣬶ƫˡ
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ɣΪʹߣİÿһˣ˰п硣Ӱ˼ﱻԼƳɹһֳܰ츳ҪС
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Ϊһ˫ʧȥ۰ףһƬڡ
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ԭˣǿѪ֮Ӧ⻹ʧˡ
ӰҲɵ˼˵֮󣬾뵽Լ¶ԭ
Ҿǡۡ飬ֻҪǩԼҾͿٻۡݱ¶Ӱû뿪Ǹɴáۡ˼
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126 ج
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תһ룬ͷֽܰŵĿܡ
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127 
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Ҫ֪ɲһȫ磬Щ塢ҲֶΣûҹĻ֪᲻һҹͰټԺһƬء

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128 
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130 
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Ǹרĸʿսߣûз׼Ԧһ뿪ǣ˵Ҳʡȥ˲鷳

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131 ֮
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һ˵ţһ߽ʥͳͳ˳
ʥһ𷢶ΧʱԹ顢֡
Щһ֣Ͳסա
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Ϊײ֪Լӵһʥ顣
ףҲԵΪֹɡ
һ漴ֳʥΧγ˷Ȧֵո龭Ĺ
֮һʥתΪһɫŻ
ǵţ֮š
֮ţȻҵӵܣ
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Ϊ֮رһӵʥڶӵҵѪ
ʥǹͨصýҵѪǿصԿףȱһɡ
֮ųֺ׾ͣ˹ͬʱҲȡˡ龭ΪԼȷʵɱˡ
ռͣҲûֱӽ֮š
ͬʱױҲԦŽ˵ϣԷѾ֪֣ϲϵòѾνˡ
˭ΪʲôҪʥȥӶ˵ѵͲ֪ʥܣĵġ
ǣȴ·ģֻǵ˵ҵȻ£Ϊ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪
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ûȷʵӶ˱˵ֻ׸֪飬ֻҪײȥ淢գôҶֻΪЩգǱֶɱˡ
ǡɱգΪ˷ֹʥܱ¶Լӵһʥԭ鱩¶ô׻޷Ҫհ
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֪ҪʲôֻҪ֪ܣֻҪ㲻ңôҲԸˡ
յͼıܴҪСĽܹ֪Ŀġ
ҵܱȻ鷳ʥĻ鷳ҵ鷳󡣡вԼѾʼ˼δƽˡ
磬취дһǾ춯صʥ飬Դ˺Ūء
Ѱīʥĵ˵İáסʥ档
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Ҫǹ֮ܰЭ飬ôܹȫ𣿡
ֻϧȻĺܺãȴһ仰ˡ


132 ʹ
ôҲ벻վȻ֪ܰ飬һղŵЩƣȫˡ
㵽ô֪ģѲԤԣֻĳһԹ飿
׶÷ϣΪ֮ǰǰԼͿԲµó֪м顣
ֻ벻֪ģ׻ǳ϶ԲܰģϾܰڼһ֡
ʹߣҲһҼһЦȻת߽֮š
ǰͻȻͷ˵ףò˶ǻ棬ʱһһθսĻᣬϣʱ㲻Ҫʧ
˵һ䣬߽֮档
˵óȻؾƿԼӵʥ˵ȴͨǰҵĴӪ
ֶκǿԭֻܹܰҪһˣա
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뵽׾Ͱ鼮ȫϣ·뵽ʱ֮С
顢ʥ鱻ʱЩٻȻҲʧˡ
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ջЩͻȻһѪԺִһ֮Ǿﵽ޵״

׷ľ̲֮סĸпڵľԣһʥ֮Ȼǳǿ
ʵΪ״̬׼ֻǵ״̬ٺеǳܡ
Ϊ˻״̬ԭϢ˴Ӻ󣬾ʹӻóɫСƿҽĶһ
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ͺñڣȻֻǺһСƿ»ľ˲ͻָ˰ٷ֮һͬʱÿһҲڿٻָߡ
˺һ׸еԼľѾָһɺʹ㶯Ƿء
һλȥ׵Ȼûа취ʹýˣΪʥ֮Ҫָ
УܹʹýƣҲȥʹˡ
Ͼڻи˵ģһױֵĻôܹýںƹȥҲϺܴ
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ﲻͬڵһСģһϰСĳӾܹҪ
жǰ棡
׶ûã͸еǰжڴͬʱΧҲԽԽ
֪µףڷ״͸æҵһŴסΡ
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׸һЩѩԺѧһȻ׷Լ顣
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ԭҷǶ˲䱻䶯ˡ
ڸղţежֻǴѰֵټԺԺԺڲжΪǸ˻ϮԺ
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һ֮ԻֳһףҲΪױֳ츳ǵϿɡ
ˣ׸յսûб˷֣ղŵսԣԺԺ뿪ǣ߳ɵļܹ
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עҵգƵһȥŮҪһѵˡεĿЦһ󣬾ڼĴ£Ƿˡ
ȻЩҲæŴ飬ҵ׵Χˡ


133 ѯ
׻صʱһ͸æҵףȻѴ
ֻȻսʤ˹ʿȴûκϲõ飬ȻǱǵӰ쵽ˡ
ջشҲûлصѩԺǱ뵽֮С
ϾôˣͬʱǵһԾˣһʻǶ㲻ˡ

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ϣصĿ·ס
ף֪鶼˵
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֮ǰ֪ôʣͰѰ֯Ҫ˵˳
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ֺΣ֪׿˵ģǺϵһ䡣
ΪˣҶϢǳС׶ͷ˵ڽʱ˯еͻȻجΣ漴ұ㷢جεԵ־֣ұ㡭
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ܼ򵥣ٻˡ龭ɽɽ֮ʮһǧҵĴۣ֮ȥ׷Ǹֻ֡ϧٶҪݵҶ졣
װ˰֣ϻһƲʵɫ˿֮󣬾ȫĻ
ǲ֪ʥ飬Ҳƭǵɡ
У׵ıʵ١
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лģպСĵġ
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ףӦ֪Ѿͷ⣬Ǻġ
֮ǰûи۹飬ΪԶԼҵĸ棬ԶҲͻȻΪͽܣҲûʲôֵù˼ɵˡ
Ҳϲ飬һչ˺ġ
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ףһҶĵ飬ô㲻ʥǰǿ󣬵Ҳض㸶ۡ
ʥǿԼ˵ĹȴķΧ
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Ϊ˶Բ飬Ӷ±ԵĻôʥҲȥ档
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Ҫ֪ڽӶĳ飬ԼҲҪźܴѹΡ

״󣬾ǵĻ»صѩԺ
ͬǰ㣬׸һ·棬ֱӱ׸뵽˷֮С
磬֮ǰӦǲȥðˣôֳ顣
ףΪҸС²ܹڷ㲻ˣǾӽ쿪ʼල㡣
¸һԸ׵ķǾְලס
ⲻðɣŮб𣬱ϾҲһݵˣе־ĿŮһԼ
ûѡȨڿʼʽʵС
磬ҿ㣬Һþû㽲ˡ
Ů׵ķ
ȵȣ֮һʲôᣬʵҡ
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134 뷨
յ֮󣬽ļ˵ǱȽɵӡ
ʱǰĺԺӻһ£Ժѧ뵽Ϊŵʱڡ
ΪԺѧǣɲӵƼ飬Ҫòμӿ˻ᣬҪԼԺͨѡβſԡ
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ͺñѩԺѩԺѾӵƼˣԺڵѧﲻԺԸȱҲԸ˶档
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ΪǰЦݣǸЦԾһʲô֪ӡ
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·һͥԺʱͻȻͣпһ䡣
˵ʵ״Խ֮ĸ֮ۡ˺ܶõĻ䡣
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վǰԺһ
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Ů˽⣬֮ǰһװģԴӳ¼֮Ů˯ʱҪֳһලףô׶뿪Ļᡣ
ȻŮɣȴкǸˣΪɵľٶǵ黹ܴ
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135 繹˼
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ˣȱˣҿҪдһҪ顣
׵Ů󣬾ֱӰѱīֽ˳
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ΪⱾ̫ҪˣѩԺڵ̫ˣҲϣǸӦⱾҵдġ
һ˵ţһ߰ŴغãȻǰ
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Щ߼͵˵ˡ
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ˣһҪľͲǳ飬ҪԼ֪һд


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ˣеȲҪд硷
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£һӰ׸ɵˡ


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һ룬ͻȻһҵݵÿһС
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ڼ䲻֪ж˱ˣҲ֪жܵӰˡ
֮һдݣ˺ͬʱҲЩǲܹдġ
硷дʧܣ˵˻ϲ˳
ϲȻסˣԴһĵġͶ򴫡Լ֮͸ܵԵѹ
Ҫǣ⼸ûҵͶ򴫡ߣҲûҵʼˣ˶ļɵǵһز
ڣסֻܹͣȥѹ壬Ǹ׶巢
סʥߣԼĴӪȥΪǵһ־ͻ⵽ʥߵ
Ͼǲ壬֪Ͷ򴫡ʥûʥء
͹סͷ۵ˣڳһʥ飬סҪǷһսˡ
ȻǡһˣΪۿҪһλܸߵʥ飬˭ȴͻȻʧˡ
Ȼͨ˲֪һķΧ󣬵ЩѧʿѧʿԼʥ߶֪жǿ
ԣȻǲ֪Ȿʥ˭ʧȥһԿȡͶ򴫡ʥ飬ֻҪ߲㶼Ϊ˸еǳź
ʥأ߲ΪʧȥⱾ飬Եĸеʹļס
ףȴµġ½뵽硣

ʱţתۼ͵ҹ
ͷʹ¶Ѿͷ˶ѹһоͷʹ
ڶоҡ
Լûед硷Ǵ¸顣
Ļһͽˡ
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ͨһд硷Ȼ뵽վҲ˺ܶй֪ʶ
磬־ģ־ֻΪԼչǣûκεС
и飬ԲѡףΪߵܹá
Σ־Ȼǿд飬޷ĸ档
ĸ棬¸޷״Ρ
Щܿȥûжãȴ֪дʱҪע
˼֮׵Ī¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˵һ磬һø档
˵֮׾ͰԴһ࣬ͿǾµ
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ʱƣ׾Ȼе㽾ʵֻеɣԼԵСѡ
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˵עԶѾˣɵʱѹԷǳӴġ
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ϸһ¸йĽӴ˽ӡеӣǾǿ
뵽׾ͷ顣
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˺һ˲ŷֿ
ˣ
֮˺һ˵֡
ţ׵ͷ΢ЦĿ顣
ҡһȥ˯
ղŵһǻţҸû˵طһԼŵ顣
׿ǻŵӣЦŨˡ
Ȼֻ¶һЦݣһѾͽ˴ϣ˵ϴɣһ˯

׵Ļ֮󣬸æ˱֮Уñ嶼ڵסӱ˿СżЩŮ֮¡
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˭֪ôһ˵̼顣
˭˵ҺˣѾ׼ˣ·ôҲ£
һ˵꣬ľҪѡ
ˣ֪㲻£ֻǴ㽲¶ѡ

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138 Ժ
硷дʧ֮׾ʱд뷨
֮ļ¸壬ѩԺڶ顣
żпеʱ׻뵽Ͷ򴫡ѧϰ鷨
εʵ飬׷ֹʱ̸ʱһֻͨڡͶ򴫡ۡסڲſ
ڡ龭ԶʮûκЧ
ˣײ²ʱֻʥڲſʹãʱıҲֻѡ
һ־һһ£ڶ־һһꡣ
ΪӦûиߵķһ꣬ʮֻ꣬׵ľ㣬ﲻѡ
ˣҲǷǳˡ

һ졣
ɷǳɣѩԺȴ뵽Ϊŵʱ̣Ǿǿԡ
ⳡȻ޹أȴҪμӵ֮С
鱾ԺѧֻҪû˳Ժ͵òμԺĿԡ
£Ǿ뿴һԼˮƽ
׾ͲͬȻϵѾˣʵ϶ı飬ûж˽⡣
ҲȥҪμӿԣҲȥǸˡ
磬Ҹһȥԣûа취㣬ҪģܱȥΣյ顣»ǲס
֪ôģһֻҪԼ뿪׾һᴳ뷨
ֹô룬Ҳͬô롣
û֮죬ǶڿΪ˲ǻһչˡ㡣
˵꣬ͰߵףŮС࣬ûøס
˰ɣ⼸Ҳ뿪Ժеͷ۵Ŀ
ģǼĽҲǳġ
ңƯ֮ôȻһЩر⡣
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ģǻῴģ֤ȥ黨ǲݡһڣͱ¶ǵʵĿġ
Ȼпô˵ģҲڼӵľס
ţǾˣ
ıֺĵͷȻ򿼳ȥ
뿪ײεĿ΢ߵ˵Ѿͷҵʲôˣ黨ǲݣŮ˾߲𣿡
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ûڿٵʱ䣬ĻǿκҪ󣬵Ͳˡ
Ůһһͣ˵޵ݡ
走ҵôˣȥԺ
֮࣬ҲڸۣתԺǱȥ
ȥĿĺܼ򵥣ǾҪԺһ࿼š
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ǣ͵׸תû߼ʱͻȻ͸еǰиӰһŻоͺһʲô
ףŮˣ
廳еġһȻæ˿
λѧ㡭
ôܹô˵汧ңԺô죿
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һȴһվ˵Ĵ
ǸոմӦ黨ǲݵġ
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ȿһʵġ

òƶܴʵ֪׵Ĵɶ׷ᣬ·һҪ˵ҸضȥŸġ
ҲóǹģҲαװĺƣ˵ˣֻ밲ĵһѵҲд𡣡
꣡
ȻŮס̲סЦ
ȻɫǺܺãʵȴϲ仰ͰǸˣ̬ߣ̫Сˡ
뵽ױıȥԺˡ


139 ѡ
ҵԺ󣬾Ҫ࿼ϧԺûдӦ
ΪײѩԺʽԸʽѩԺôͿԽ뿼
㣬ȻѡˣɲѩԺһ
Ȼ޷뿼ô׾»ص˷֮У顢֡żûֹ֣ȴſԵĽ
䣬תۼ䣬͹ȥˡ
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˵ʮˣ15ǰӵа֮ĴڣҪ
УҲӵƼȥμӵʸ񣬱ԺīԺļʸԺһβûμӿԣֱüƼССҼҪʮϡ
˵ټʱ黹ǿһ㣬ǾܵټˣֻҪ20ǰð֮Ϳԣò˵ֽ׼ĺô
֮⣬һЩӵʡԵˣԼЩȱù˱ʥϴƼˣҲòμӿԻᣬһεӦòʮˡ
ܹӵʡԡԼȱ¹ˣҪһķſ
ⲿֿȻſˣɲĿ˸ȴһģһǱѡеĻҲ൱ã
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ʵһ𣬹֪εǶٸˡ
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140 ˣϣ
˽Ժжп󣬶ڱʥмԽԣͬʱʥλĿҲǿҡ
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Ȼе㲻ʣ˼ȴ
ףͨĿ˵ҪǶǵֻһ㣬ΪʥƼ鲻ͨƼ飬ƾƼ飬ǿֱѧ᲻ǺӣǾͰȥ벻ȥѡȨס
Ҫ֪ƼҲкֵܶġ
һ£ԺƼ飬ֻòμӿʸƼ顣
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ǹôɫڶֻܹվıˡﲻ֪ûš
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141 ˣ£
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ֻ·ĳ֮£˵ʶʱ쳣䣬·Եһ㡣


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145 С˵ϵ
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׷һ⣬Ǿûˣǲᱻ뵽ռġ
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ôҲʲôطǲǾӿд𣿡
꿴׺󣬾ͬ˾һ㣬һ˵⻰һܵǰ


147 ꣬ҿ㣡
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148 ɳ
˵ûдռ֮ȷʵһ
Ҳȷǻ϶ʱ䣬ҪȹʮĻϣλסⲢһǵ磬ǧҪӰ쵽Լۡ
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149 
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151 Ů
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155 
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׵ͷ칬Լɵġ


161 ѡȡ
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磬ҩܹԸоԼӣϡ¶ĸоô׼жϲǶٵ
û˰ɡЦһ˵˵Щˣһǰѷŵܸǰɡ
׶ŮǷǳΣҴڶͶ򴫡ΣֱӰѷŵ˵˳


163 ˺
˵ȥķţͥ
ͥ졢ءĺ֯һд֮ʱѾ֪Ҫ硣ԣǰķ·Ժٶд硷ʱҲдȥôһ紴ɹʱ򣬷ǵõЩŵˣõĺô
Уҵ֮ͥףҲ֮еĻʵۣʡޱ۵ȶ࣬졢ءүʣµľǴ󳼡
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ͷȻǱȥ
һ֮˶ҵ˿顣
Ŀһⰲݵշ֮аýһ칬ˣȻѡͶ򴫡ֳǡ
뵽֮׾뿪˵ھŲ㡣


4 
˵ھŲֱ֮ʮ鷿
ڵʮûб˰ﲢûб½κһܹ뵽ʮ档
ǣֻܹ뵽ʮȺ鷿ڷͲˡ
ʮ㣬鷿
Ȼ׸һͿ˼̽ѧʡ
У칬Ա
ûһ𣬶װǺӣżŻᷢһԼۡ
ڿ׵ʱǰһǲûκαʾֻǾĵ׽Ķ
ף

칬û˵һ׵˵
Ҳضֻһҽָ֣֪λ˼ǣ׻һȻһ⡣
һ꣬칬Աеһ˱վ˳ǲڵʮ㣬֪Ҵȥɡ
л
׶칬ԱͷȻ͸뿪˵ھŲ鷿
һ뿪ϧΪǶ̽һѧء
뿪֮칬ĳԱҲɫ뿪鷿
¥ݼڡ
һҹû˯
뿪˵ھŲ֮󣬱칬ĳԱһ䡣
ǰߵ˳֮⣬Ӧûкܶࡣ칬ԱȻٺƽ˵ʱЩ
ҵھŲƣպãµĻҪҡһ˵ţһ߽ƽ칬ĳԱ
ͬʱһûҲϡ
Աӹ֮嶼̲סĲͣͬʱаĵʥ飬ʱϵġͶ򴫡벻ҾȻĿһ顣
һ̣˳ŵϦĸ򣬶1ԣֻҪܹĿһʥ飬Ҳֵˡ
Ҫ¶Ǹ飬ס칬ĳԱԺԵĲ˼֮ºܶ࣬ÿסԼ뷨ǧҪٰ뷨ϡ׼ڷһ䡣
ǣҼסˣ
칬Աһ漴͸˵ʮһ㡣
ʮһķ羰ãʮ֮ʮ䶼ѩԺīԺȥˡ
ǵһеĺô
һҪеôһеռʮ䷿ݣȵڶʱضʣµ䶼ռݡ
ȵ˵Уֻܹѡˡ
ĸеǣʮһ¥ǳ߼ۻ˭˭ˣûκϣ
У¥ǲսģԾһеҪסʮһ㣬ֻܹ飬ǿȡᡣ
졭
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īԺѧ֮һͬʱҲ칬ĳԱ֮һ
һףͲһ̲סĽˡۡţָܿĿˡ
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׶Ա˵һ䣬ȻͰһƸһ鼮
֮ȥ
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ܵˮµиȥ׵ģȻˣҲͲȥˡ

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߽¥ͻȻֽˮѾ칬ĳԱɫľۼ
ҽˮһ׳֣ʹ˵ҹСսиУֽһ֪ɷȫ
⻰˵ģϾѩԺһ㣬칬ĳԱ֮г˽ˮ¡ûбˣҪ칬֮˵ۼһ𣬾ͱҪһõĽڡ
ֽõĽڡ
ȻԣҲ˽ˮµ뷨Ǳͷʾͬ⡣
лˮ¶һ漴ѩԺһ˵ȥݷһԺҵѽ¥뺯ȥסǧҪκ˷ͻ𣿡
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Ҳˣ֪ܷҹۿӵĶġ
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͵׸ˮ¸Ҫȥʱ칬ԱǵʮԱҲˡ
ҵҲۿȫ칬ԱҲ׷Ҫ󡮹ս
Ȼԣ
˵꣬͸Žˮ½뵽ķ֮У˽ȥ֮Ҳ׷׽С
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ͬһͷ۵ĳ
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Ƹˮµ˵ƲһΪϵ¥ƣ˵¥ƣֻҪĻʱɢȥơ
УǡͶ򴫡ֳҰǷϣǿѧϰݣٻͨʸ񡣡
׷ƣְѡͶ򴫡ֳȥ
ùֳ֮ʥֳǿĴڡ
ͬ˵ĺôǹԴ֮ԴڼȻѾõҵʥֳҲѸǿֳóɡ
׵ȻǷҪЩ˵鲻ɣΪ칬ԺķչռһЩҲбҪġ
ϣһ׶ǿȡжͶ飬ȱһɡ
һû׼ãɷһʱ䣿Уϵ󲿷ֶӡֳΨһһԭҲֻһ׵Ĵǡһ׵Ļ֮еһ죬ȻС׿һʱ䡣
ҵҲ޷ӡֳۼ¡
Ҳǣ
Щ칬ĳԱȻûһõóֵԭȻ뵽ܣлЩʧ
ҵõһ˽ĲбǲĻҿ԰ǳд͵εʱ򣬽ˮͻȻóһɢŹϢ顣
ֻϧⱾֻмҳ

׿һķ棬˵Ȿơ
Ȿһµģһ¼Ҳһʷʫǡ¼ǣԶʱڵһص㣬Ȿһҳᵽ顣ˮ½˵˸š
̫ңԶˣҼǵ۵ġ龭ᵽ飬ܹⱾ鼮
԰֮񣬴񶼿Աٻ
ڳ󶼲˽⣬ֻܹϣ׵ˡ
ɣ鲻ġҿעһⱾϢ˷һ룬ȫõ֡
׵õʥľ棬ԶʱӴ顣


5 
ڴȶһɣСʱ֮뿪мǣǵʵռ飬£κʵż룬պǲһԺҲҪǵ£Ž
УպûҪײҪ໥棬ĻʥǴѶ
֪ҶȲҪ飬󽻴һ䣬㲻ٹǡ
һ飬ǿⱾ鼮ӡֳѶģֻܹԭֳӡѶ֮ǲܵġ
ӡӡ֮䣬ֳֳ֮Ҳ޷Ѷ
ңԭֳӡѶҲоƵģƸĵȼԼߵйء
ⱾͶ򴫡ԣЧͨѶصڷԲһķΧ֮ڡ
Χ׵ӣպҲø
ҲΪҪѡͶ򴫡ȥԭ֮һֻҪ칬ԱӵʥֳԺ뽻ʲôͲõյļˡ

Сʱĺܿ졣
ʱһ칬Ա͸ԻصԼķ֮С
׻صŲ󣬷ǻ壬ûȥǣǻصԼķ֮УȻľɫ
ڶʮǰ۱Ѿһнˡ
¥¿ֻܹһЩɽɭ֡СεȾ
ķ羰Ȼˣֻϧ˵ķ羰ȴ޾ɱ
ɫȷʵ׸ǿ˲ѸݵҰޣԼֵ滨
ûпս̲ĵ棬ɽ־ʹδ֪δ֪ʹ
һͨİɽ֮Уʱʱ̶̿Σա
˵ͨˣ׷ɽ֮Уرİȫ
羰֮׾Ϳʼóīֽ֡
Сʱ
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۱ϾսڷеʱҪֳһյ磬Լʱֵܻķݣ۵ķٶȲصϵ١
ȻϲĵĻҲԿٷеġ
ע⣬ڷۼ򿼺˵صԤʱΪ죬ʱô˺ȻǲٵʱҲȡǵķݷá
ڲμԺ˵󣬾һϵ뵽˶С
˵Ȼϣһ˲ɷĸо·Ļһ
ҪǴһɱ֣µв˵ֿסȻΧɱ
ÿֲǽʿ𣿡
ͷͻȻһ뵽һܡ
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ţͻȻˣٶȡ
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Ŵ⿴һۺ󣬾óˡͶ򴫡ԭ
ۼôʱ䣬ʱдεĵ3ˡ׶šͶ򴫡˼ۣͱۣʶ뵽ʥ֮С
ٶ˫۵ʱó˻ɽĸܹкܶԶˣ
ɽأˮ죡
׼̲֮ס˵Լڵĵط
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ʥӦ׵ͼԲŻٻֽд
ʥĲͬʥԽ侳дͲԡ
УʥԭߵĸӦǳǿңеʲô뷨ʥ鶼֪Ȼ״õİ
3£ĺǧɽԹʮྡ
Ͷ򴫵ĵ3ǧңǧֵľ֮Уջ˺ܶõƱ𹿰
𹿰Ҳһ֣ǾǶ롣
жĹͣԴдˣܹõֻҪԼĻ̫
дʱ׻ٵ˶ֻʥıոȿҲ˲
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ͬϴһдʱ򣬱˵ظ֮УۿʮԼ
д֮еʥ·ܵĳȻԶ뵽档
ʥΧŵظһȦͻΪˡۡſʼյظϵ֪ʶԼйٱʡʮϢ
ֱЩ֮ʥԶ뿪磬صˡ֮ۡС
ۡںϵ˲䣬Զ֮еʥܰͻȻ˫ۡ
µı仯һµϵֻǸϵȫܰѹʹˡۡѸٷʥݹݡ
ڤظʹߣʮ벻Ǹ׾Ȼڲʱҵϵķ򣬲ʥĹǲ˼顣еݺܰϾȻֳһ˿Цݡ
ţҾȻЦˣһǵϴЦʱдˡۡΪذڶʥʱءܰпһͱ۾ٶ뵽˳˯֮С
ֻûȫ˯һ˳
ܣҵϵģôָܳϵ˵Ȼǡۡ顣
ܰѹ֮ʱۡҲѹˡ
ܰķӳͬ
ܰΪ˰ѡۡϣˣǿ˱ɵĿܶе־塣
ûʲôܵģѾӦٱ˰ٷ֮һطϵ֤ݡܰ˵һ䣬㲻
㲻óѵģǲϵֵġ鲻ֻͣϧܰΪܹ㡣

լڡ
һ谵ķ֮Уҵ³ϣʮҵҪִ£ٿܻ顣
ˣȴҵĵ֮ǰѪ֮ա
λϡִ£ʥѾˣںȥδԼѡɡԭհټ飬Ȼǰʥܸˡ
ҾȻôȻû˵
ʥȷʵ˼·ĻֺγһֻҪܹպҾͻΪһܹʥؿҡ
֪ʥܺҵĳϡִǱ㿪ʼ


6 Ҿ
ʥ֮˵Ҳǻ
ܹ֮صĹȻʥлɳܹԺʥؿĵز
ǣǱزסܣôҵҲֻ˲顣
ϾڵңȥʥܰĴһ֮⣬ԺǰʲôҪʥˡ
ϣôҪȻǶߣǿԿһ°ˡ
ϣʥ¹شȻΪѾûʸˡ
۵һ룬˵ĻͻȻһת׷׿ͷҴҪ
ִҶԣһǴ£Ҫеĳϵͷͬſԡ
ڣҵ϶ͬ⣬ֻʣ´ˡ
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Ȼ쵼ˣվѪҵļҹ棬ʸΪ
ղѪˡۡ飬ΪȻġ
ȻڵͽõˡۡϿɣΪҵļ϶ܹڡ
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ĺܶ࣬һ˵ֱ֮ӰĿյϡ
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ԶǵĵĴҲȷʵΡ
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ʮִµΪľ޷ߣЦһڳĶʮִ£Ȼʮĸվߡ
ٻʮĸִṩġ
һʣµִǶԳְϡ
һҲͶʮִ£벻㾹ȻʮĸˣϷˣ֪ԼڽӣҲߵ뷨
ɴϲûԴУŭһǲҳΪе飬
ԱΪõ
ռһҪƴӺ󣬲û˿ţһָʥŴȡ

֪ʥ뿪ҪԼһ
ϧղһս
ˣϣ
ϣһչ˺ĪǵģͰĵȥɡ
Լ϶ˣǵʵ͸ǶټϴҪѹڵʥ˴ھ㵥ԵǶϵĶ֣οϰæ
Ҫұǡ
λϵĹϵĻû˵꣬ͻʧ֮С
ղ˵ϣҴİꡣ
գôûյĻֻǵȴһָʾ
һͿóȷʵʺϵ쵼ˣΪûʲô
ƵһϵˣȻٿ߻飬ٶȰǣڴİꡣȻ˵
ǣһ仰漰ǲλ
УڸҰȥףҪʱʱ֪̿Ķ򡣡
տû׵飬ĵһʱ䣬ȥס
źһкаһ䣺ܿҾͻټˣϣ㲻Ҫʧ


7 죡ʥ
ײ֪ھһǰδеıʱڼдͶ򴫡3µһΡ
ǨƷλư౦¼С
ǵ3µһ䣬д֮ڶʱš
ԭ򣬵һԭдһºⱾӵʥҲõ˺ܴ
ڶԭΪһ仰д֮Ӧ칬ϵ֮֡
ȻΪд˵3£Ӷó˽âȴڵסΪʥԭߵ۾
͸⣬ԼԼܹϣһĳڳ֡
ֻҪ׼дȥЩͻԶͥ
칬ҪˣҼд4£ֻа˳ɵļ硣
ͥһҪϵ˲աٻŮĻ꡷ʱĳײ²кܴļʻγ硣
˼Ƭ֮ջǷ˼дΪоڹ̫˷ˣڵ״̬ҲǺܺãдʥǷǳġ
ϴ¶ûнԼ磬ʥͬҲܹ֮УԼдȥ̫ˡҲǵһ㡣
ʵܲܽ綼ҪҪ׿ȷֻҪ֣ôһǴ칬Ϸݡ
׵칬ԱĿǰҲŶѣʵǳڴ칬ĳУƳʲô
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ȷʵûбҪ⣬ܾﲻԣҲ֪Լôˣ֮һɲõԤС
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ԺĿ˷ʽȻÿһ궼ͬʱֻսԡôӦÿѡҪȥǸԺŶԡ
һ˵꣬Χڣ¶һȻӡ
ûĿ˳ѡԺſʼġ
ڴҪȥĵطԲԺҾͨĿʱֻʣ²һСʱˣǵڶûѡҪԺ
Ҳ˵һεĿ˸Ķͬһ׵˶Ĭ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬˸ܵһǿݳ
ʥˣײžȵ˵
ΪʲôʥߣһͨĿˣӦóʥ߲ŶԡԻһ䡣
׵˻ش
ȵȣһʥ߳ˡ
һʥ߲ŸճûӣڶʥߵϢֳˡ
ĸеʥߡ
ʥߣЩ˾һʥߣھȻһǻûϢʥѹͣڷȺ洫ȥ
ܵʥߵϢѹȣзϵĿ


8 Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
еţһԺĿʷΣյһΣΪεĿһսսҫҲ˭ǲԸμӣôʹڷϲҪ
ǲ޷ԺӵҲԣǽĿ˹ء
ʥ߷ֱӴ뵽ÿһĶС
˵ݾȻսȻԼпܻ뵽ս֮Уû뵽Ȼô졣
ҪǣʥһھͶֻҪеͲܹ뵽Ժ棬Ҳԡ
Ҳ˵ס¡顢˶ҪμһսͻʧȥԺʸ
Ϊʲô׷ʲô飬ȻҪǲμӵս֮Сһ˳
ηս벻ΪЩûκξҪμս
ȲҪţȻʥǲμսһΪжҪǵõԲܸǶսĽ廹壬رǿ侲ķ
һ˵꣬ʥߵٶȴ˳
ڣѡμӿ˵·ۣһûгԶȨ
ʥһ˵꣬һǿ֮˷Ĵݿ
Щ֮󲿷ֶ˵ŲϾкܴһֶûоսûԸμս
ףô죬ȥǲȥ
磬ѾǱ飬ʵ㲻ԺҲûʲô
¶ѾȨס
ֻеã֪ǲμսãǲμӺá
µ뷨ͺܼˣһҲϣȥðգֻϣܹĴߡ
Ůѯʣ΢ԥһ£漴˵ҡ
ףߣ
׸˵һһϤĶУһɿռ䲨ݳǰһȻͳһİķ֮С
ǡīʥ
֮һ۾ҵǸˡ
Ǹˣйһ֮Ե֤īʥ
䷿棬ֻīʥīʥ֮⻹ˣ˵Ϣһ㶼ȲīʥͣҲ˵Ƕʥߡ
λʥ棬ֻʶīʥһˣʥ߾Ǹղ¶Ϣʥߣײ²ӦԺʥߡ
ʣµһʥߣһͷûС
׷ʲô飬ЩʥΪͻȻҪңѲǡͶ򴫡鱩¶ˣ
һôʥߣʼǿҲһЩźѹ֡
͵˼֮ʱͻȻһԺ֮Уףһʲô飬Ҫ嶯
Ȼλʥûһ˿ڣ֪Լīʥ
յ侯棬׵üͷһ
Ȼīʥô˵ˣǾɵˣҲóʥ߰Բʲô顣
Ȼλʥ߶׹۲Ƭ̣һʥ߿ڸ˵ףѾ֪Զɽֽ֮Ǽһ޵Ҫ㡣ΣգΪ˱ĴУϣʥ͡סʥ齻ʥܡ
ʥһھҪʥʥ飬ĻУóʥصʥߡ
ʥߵĻǵ꣬û˵ʼˣ˵Զɽ֮
Ҫǰʥߵ˵ȥôֻһˣûʸӵʥʥ顣
ʥߵҪһЦλǰѲǰΪЦ
׶ԣʥסʥ齻һЦ

ʥ׵Ļʱŭһ
ʥһŭѣӵʥ֮ףҲһ㱻˹ȥ
ˣ˭ģǴеģԶ׳֣͵ڶѧϰ˳֡
īʥְ׵ʥ֮ŭĳǶԷʥˣҲð˵
ףһλᣬʥʥصʥ߸ûīʥǼҪʥ
ʥѾΪһ壬ҪĻɱҰɡ
ײʥӵдˣʥ߸һɱԼΪǳܲ
ף֮еţĳźܴףʥϲȫԻǽɡ
ףԺĸԺǸֻ֤Ҫ㽻ʥպʥرһϯ֮ء
ףʥʥ֮вȫͬʱҲܹķá
׸ʥʥ뽩ֵʱʥҲڿˡ
һλʥߵݾͶˡ
߸ʥߣһʥʥߣһǴʥߣԺʥߡ
ʥȻīʥˣʥֻ֮վһߣǲ̫ԡ
ҪҽʥûпܣҾͬ⣬ʦҲͬġʥҪҵĶơֱʥʥߣͬʱʥ͡סʥٻ˳
ʥʥİ׵ҲڽȻڳʥ߲¡
Ϊǣʥ֮ڵķ仹һõ̡
վõ룬λ֮ҲվӢ飬Ƕʥʱǹڤڤеġ
ЩӢʥ£һɢս⡣
ԶӢ飬һô࣡
Ҽǵʥ֮ʱ߹һˣЩӢʱһͬ뵽ʥڵġ
Ӣûǣֻǰսܣһֻܹٻǣڿǵٻ֮һҲȲ
λʥ߼ʥͨ󣬶о̾ѡ
Ǹʥصʥ߸¶ģһҪʥʥء
ӢִڣÿһӶࡣ
ףʥһ˵ģӵе߹ˣûʥصѹƣ߹ڵʥͶ㶯ˡ
УʥܰȷʵǿʥصǰҲס㡣
ʥصʥһ˵ţһ߶һץҪʥߡ
ߣܹʥȻҲܹٵʥȻڳλ뵱ǧˣôҾͳȫң˳ôǧš
Ϊ鲻Ϊȫڵ
ʥ֮߳ʱͶʥһѪȻʥڵӡǡ
һײвˣĴʥ
֪ԼһǸʥǲֵġ
ס֣ʥܻ١
ףʥǱǻȥЭ̣ʥܴݻ١
鵽ΪֹʥʹذɣԺѧԺǲùʡ
׵ĶһڵʥǶʱ
ʼû뵽׾Ȼдݻʥûаһ㿼ڡ


9 ˭۸˭
ʥǿ編׵˵ġ
˲˾̺źǿȻΪʼˣҲûݻʥ
ϧǡǡ෴ʥǿʥҲԴݻ٣ʼȴ
һʥʱеһơ
ǱΪʥܼ򵥣ڳȱʣԺʥ߾Ͳڱˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ뱳һԻʥظԺ٣߹֮Ҳִҡ
οʥӵ˾ͺܴһ֣һ״ݻʥЩҲ֮ʧ
ңЩʥӢ飬Ҳʥһͬ䡣
Щɵʧɲһǰ㡣
ʥصʥ߼Ժʼ׺󣬾֪ʥòˣĿף˵ףҪв˭

ʥʥôһ˵ͻȻЦ˵ʥصʥߣҪҵĶȻֱ׳
ҲŭЦͬʱҲ뵽һܲ顣
뵽ǸֻһЦ˵ðɣ֪ѾˣԾҲʥҲᰵҡȻˣҲʶһ㽻ʥҲһҪ󡣡
ţܹͨͺãλʥ߼ͻȻѡ񽻳ʥȻе죬׵̬ȴúһЩ
ףֻҪʥʥгҪʥض㡣
ʥĺģҲΪǿһ׵ԸҪʥض԰Ը
ȻҪѡ񽨹ôҲֻһСҶѣͬʱҲܵʥصƿء
ֻ״ûҪڵҪֻһǾǣҪ
ʲô
ҪֻҪҵǰôҾͰʥ͡סʥ齻ʥرܡ
ҲƴˣԷѾǺˣ׸ղ侲֮ϸһҲԼѱסʥ͡סʥ飬ԸɴҪ
ʥʥ֪ӵдˣײһɱʥȴɱô
ô˵׵ʵҲȻһЩֶΣҪӶĲϴɱô顣
ǸʥߣҲϵǸʦһ㶼ﲻס
ף㾹ȻϷŪʥߣʥصڻδ֮ǰ͸ֳһʥ顣
ⱾʥɢźɫȹâһΧ¶ȱƾʮȣΧʥػѾˡ
ʥס֣ε𣿡
ʥҪѹ㡣
ʥõѡǸϿ뿪ҲҪټףҲҪȥߵˣ֪³Ρ
ԭʥصʥ߷ʥ
ʥٻʥ֮Ȼİ׸Ҳ֪ԼôͬʱԺĸԺڣҲһ㡣
ΪʥߵױƵزҪǻûκΪĻôҲ̫ˡ
ʥûϷŪ㣬ֻҪԲǰʥ͡סʥҾͻύʥءһֱӰע뵽֮УҪһλݳȥ
κԺʥǲôģ׸һڣǾͷΧĿռ䡣
ʥϸϻʥأȻȰ˵ʥزҪڴʥע⣬Ļ֪ġ
ߣ
Ժʥһȣʥ㻳Ųʵ뿪˷Ⱥ
֪ȥһġ
ʥʥصʥߣ֪ʥصĹأҲʥҪԡ
ҪʥҪôʥΪʥУ϶ԥİɱˡ
Ϊ˶ž󻼣ʥػпܻɱиϵԷպˡ
ʥصԭֻΪ巢չʡ
ʥΪһʥߣһʥصʥߣ˵Ϊ׼ʽ޷ܡ
Ϊ˲ԼȥʥҪȥʥʱջʥʥͷͬʱܹʵκαΪҪ˰бԼߵˡ
һߵ˳£Ȼҵʥȥʥɱôڽӡ
֮ʥǳԿԵˣûдǵʥ׸ǣסˣҪаʥ
Ĵʥ˵̫ˣ˵ٷְٻʥӰʥȥֻ¾ֻҪȥôضܹһ㡣
ŻʥҲһģֻʥܹܲͺ˵ˡ
ʥߺԺʥûдƬռ䡣
ףʥ鵽Ϊֹɣؾ֮ʥᾡʥġ
ףһʥߵıһɺܴӲǱʥôǶ㵽ʥҲûᰲȫ
Ժʥߵ˼һǾǸһʥԣɹʥԲã鷳Ҳ١
ά״˵òˣʥǱʥԺı֤ηø
ʥҲһֻҪպþˡ
λǰģֻҪʥڴʥע⣬ôȻȥʥߵȰ˵ֻҪʥ׵ĵߣͲȥʥ
ȻĻʱĲֹʥҪԺ
׿ɲȥ˵ʥˣʥһʥءԺôֱɱˡ
ˣ鱾ʥʧְǾͲҪ˵ˡ
˵һ˵εɣҲһεĿˡ
ԺԺײ׷Ҳȫһ
Ϊʥǣ֪ʥ߷ǳѵá
ÿһʥ߶ϣֻΪʥͱһʥߣôʵֵ̫ˣ˵áɱݡ
Ժʥ߲ûйף֪ס
׷ʲô飬ΪһεĿ˾ȻһȥμսҲԸ̸ʥ飬Ǳ˳ʥǵĻȥ
ףӦ˵ʥ顶Ͷ򴫡ɡ
Ȼ֪
û뵽ԺʥߣȻᵽⱾ飬㲻ɫĵͷͬʱпԼԼֵ
ˣе㲻Ȼ
ʥȻܹܵ׵״̬ǻΪ׻ʥ֮УûȥͶ򴫡һȥ롣
ףڡͶ򴫡ʱϵɾʥ죬ĵطһǿֻͨˣΪֻǵһʥ顣ʵϣʥ֮⣬һǳǿʥһʥ˵һ顣
飬Ȼǳˣ֪Ǽʥǹʱ̡


10 Ĵ
ڣʱ̾׵ϡ
Ϊαװ׻װʵʲôʥ
һʱӣһȫɷʱӣʱӸո۶ʱһʥҪͼȡʼգȴ⵽ʱӵķܵشʱӱǰҲûܹҵ
֮ʶľΪЩʥҪʱ̡
ףʱʧ֮ڵطԶͻȻһռѷ죬ѷźŨĿռļڴȴ˷ӡʥ߶޷ӡ
Уǵϸ̽飬ȷһԶżΪǸʱпܾ档
Ժʥǰ˵һνսʲô˼ˡ
ͬʱҲһǸΪʱ̸棬һεûκγɹĿԡ
ΪڴķӡԵʣȽ׸ߵȥһμԺ˵ȻͳΪΪʺϵѡʥߵ˼⡣
Ϊ֮ǰʥ´ͨǸǲμսѵԺûһܹһҲУ
׵⡣
ףǸʥǳǿ󣬶ҲֻǼ֤ĳĿǰסҲԴԴϵ˽Ѱңݱʥλʥߵͳƣʱסǲʮˡīʥش׵ĵһ⡣
ףǵʵ飬ٵ޷СҲͬƣֻнʦнʦ¼ܹ룬߽׵ʦʦ޷Խռϡʥ߸׽һ½ռƣûлش׵⡣
ʥ˵֮һʥ߲̾һ˵ʵҲԸûоսĿȥʥؾԺֻܹɳһС
ʥߵĻشײΪһҪЩˡ
治ʥأΪ˱֤ĴУȻһĿ䵱ڻңǶЩ԰ɣ
Ȼûмֲпѡ񣬿ǰڵϵʱ򿴵ƵĵӰ
ѡɱֹɱĵһģȫ
ʥױЩѿĿתīʥ
λʥ棬ֻīʥ׵Ĺϵ΢һ㡣
īʥ˵Ŀ֪ǵ˼Ƭ̣˵ף㽫һܹеǿ֮һϻʥֻҪúʥסҲκβ㣬ؽаҵǼʥ
ҿԽȥҪ󡣡
֪Լ޷ܾʥǵҪ䱻ȽлֱӴӦ
뽲
һ¸飬⣬ʥ͡סʥͻΪҪǷİػǡ
һᣬ˵Ļᡣ
úһᣬ׾͵ֱӸ¸ŮҵǿĿɽ
ԺīʥλʥߵĿɽҲܵ۸
ҴӦ
û⣡
λʥһ˵꣬óһŵؼƷֽȻд沢ǩԼ֡
д֮׼˵ĵڶҪ
ҵĵڶҪܼ򵥣ϣܹӵɱȨɱ˭ܹ׷
ӵĶײȷǸؿռ֮᲻鷳ҪҲҪ
Ҫɱ޹
İɣһΪġ
ҪԺĸԺ˵ȷʵܼ򵥣ֻҪǵͷͿˣΪ׷ģǻдֽԼ
ԼҲûʲô˼ˡ
īʥǰһ⡣Ҫõ׼ѰصĿīʥ
֪Ҫʲô㲻ҲġīʥȻ˵Ҳûаʥ˵ȥʥ֪ʥϣΪĸ߳գԼҵʥ
ףīʥûбҪƭ㡣ո߳Ϊ׿Խʥصʥ֮һҵв֣ԲԵ޹Ϊͽġ
㣬Ѳ³ǿϵʥ
ԺʥײīʥĻһ
ʥصʥ³Լʼ֮׶ʱеһΡ
ղΪīʥԼԶīʥкܴĵ⣬ϸһ룬ȷʵ̫ˡ
Ǹ
ȻԼˣ׵ǸҲӦģڵǸҲܹõīʥĺøС
ˣ
ʱռִһ󲨶һʥ߳ǰʥ߲Ϊ׶
ѡμսԺѾȥˣһΪǧİٶʮˣʱԺˡ
ʥһ֣Ͱ״ԺĸԺ
ֻвҲ˵֮һѡ𡣡һʥ֮󣬶ʱеһʧ
Ϊ̫ˣڵȽ׽ϵ͵ʱס屾ƣռƣֻס岻Ҫ֣ĻֻһѻŻ
ȥҪǽ䡣
ã
˵䣬һʥգ˹
Ůÿһ϶ǿ
ǹ֮󶼾ȵĿһףȻʱѾʥܹԲͨˣȻ˵ע⡣
硢顢򳿡εԺɫһεǽǺġһԺ˿һ䡣
һָ˵ףȻǣرֶΣǽΪһСӡ
ף
ǸѧȴõԶдԴһΪš
ʥͽҲʥĵһͽܡ
ʥ߸һ˵׵ţ˾ͰЩ¼˵˳
׵˵֮ҲӦԺĶ벻ǿΪε֮
Ӽ˿ʼ;òԾҵ۾ʱֱŵһɵ֮ﲻԾˡ
ΪܹǸռ䣬λȻɢȥһ˵ʱһ֮Դ˱ǵľ⡣
׿Կ϶һǸոɢãЩ㻹ûʧ
ңɢȥǲͬġ
ɢȥɼ˺պֻܹµ֮ϵõѾ飬ǲٶȴġ
̫ˣ׶һ㲻˼Ϊ֪Щ˸޷
һÿǧңϣЩܹ񡣡
ԺĸԺȻ׵˿ֽȥˣϾҪ鷢ӳտĻҡ
һԺû˿ģֱӾ͸˸һǧҡ


11 
׽ʥ߸ҷˡ֮ۡУΪΨһܹõóֵ鼮
ڡסʥ飬򲻵ѵʱǲᶯõġ
ʥ͡סʥĵƣκ¶׷̵Ļᣬڻܹ¶ǡ
ȻʥѾ֪һ㣬ǲ
ۡذڶʥ飡
óۡʱڳ˶̲סĿһۡ
Ҫ֪Ժ֮УҲûһʥܹ롶ۡʥ顣
Ŀǰһıʥ飬ıһʥϣһʥ߹Ļϣʣµʥء
ذһʥҲ߹ϣԺȻҲеذʥ飬ȴûһȡۡǿġ
ȷʵʸǵĶ顣
˵ذڶʥ飬ԼⱾʥ֮ؾӵǧ֮׵Ķ֡
ƾⱾۡԺϿ׵ʵ
˵֮Ҳ׷óԼ飬úҴ뵽С
ʥ飬Ժһĺӹʱ̣ϧϧ׼һʥ֮󣬾֪Ѫˡ
׻Ϊÿһ϶ʥ֮
Ϊֻʥ֮ʥܹӳ
ȥɣϣܹΪ
ҷȥ֮󣬺ܿһʥ߶׵˴һӣ漴ΧĿռһ仯űһƬֵ߰ĵط
Щž˵ս⣬׹վԭأܹ֮ܵܵһ˿ѹơ
ǿƣߵܹоҪǸҶսҪֻ֣ƾսܹɱ׻ǵһμּߣġ
Щǰؿռڵߣһۣе
޴⣬е־ǿֱһľˣǶεսҪͬսĻ߲Ķ֡
Ժܵ׵𺳣ߵ˵˼䡣
ǿزܹʹĻǲҪǿ̲ס뵽һ档
ⶼ֪һеĿףȻűϵ˵飬ɣ
ðɣ̾һ˵ߵ־Լֻܹѧϰʽܹ־һӵ־ͻɢΪԭʼ֮С
˵ȻǺϸ״˼
ûʹΪǵ־һе
֮ϣһзʵܳƣ־ָǣﵽĳĿĶ״̬
Ƕģûй̶̬Խκε֮УҲԼԦκԵ
ͺñ׵ʥʥʥȻͬ׼ԦҲǺѡ
߾ͲһˣߵľѾΪ־̬Ѿ̶ˣֻܹһǰ
߲ܹᴩԼ־ǵͻϵʱˣ򵱳
㲻ҲǷˡ
ȥɣ滹ǵս׽֮󣬾͸߽˿ռڡ
ʱ˶Ѿȥˡ
֪ˣ
ߵ״̬˺ܶ뷨֪ڲһЩʱǱЩ뷨ѹȥ
¶ҪʳˣԲ𣡡
һ۷Ⱥ漴Ҳ߽˿ռڡ
ڵ˲䣬ܹĸܵһ־Լɨһߣ־˹ʱڵƷû̽鵽֮⣬Ķ̽鵽
ǹ־׵ĸоǿʥ߻ҪǿϺܶ࣬־ĳ֣Ҳ׶ռ˺档
ȥ֮󣬿ռ֮˼ӰǸһػƬռڵʥǡ
īʥûаռֻܹµװɣЩʥ֮߳󣬾һʥ߶īʥһ仰
˹Լ˭Ҳûиߣīʥʵʵ
Ǿͺãʥص˵ϢȥͻңȻҲͬòЩûʲôȥսȷʵпֻܳҵǸʥ߷·ܹԣīʥĻ֮󣬱ûй¶
ϣײҪ棬Ͼʼˡ
İɣռڱǰ״Ǹ״ʱʥȥԻϢֻϣʥȥ˲ҪľˡȻʥصʹˣҲΪܹӳΪǴ漣ˡ
ʥһεʵЩˣǲЩȥѲĸǣȥĻ֪ʥһλ᲻Ժ
ʥصķԣֻҪԺܹøĺôһǵġ
ʱıˣܹõǼʥô
ʥǵ˵ͱõЩ֮оͿԿóǶʥѾǲˡ

ؿռڡ
׽֮ͷΧľ󣬴֮ǰƬɽһﻨɭ֡
ţأ
羰ȻǣǸǸģΪνֻ֮ǿԶʶ
һһŮȥе֣ϵ黹еҡ
ŮȻòе㰫ٱҪϰͷ
ӿȥǱҲմѪҺȻǸովս
ˣһӰӶûС
Сģ
ɻǰͻȻ״һ
һ˵꣬׵ʱŵһѪ֮
Ӱ
Σ֮£ֱΧٻѳӰ
׵ӵкǿĽ⣬Ҳһֱž裬Ȼղһ񣬵ҲٻӰٶȡ
ۣۣ
Ӱһ׾͸еԼıʪͬʱǹѪζҲøŨˡ
ܣ
׻һ۵棬ÿҪ͵ϮԼȴӰնɱ塣

׸һܵʬ壬žһŭ֮
˳ȥһ۾ͼŭףͬʱǵĺ֮£кܶİܡܡܵȲͬƤ˹
Ҫս⣡
׿óЩȻǿᣬսԲףԼҲη塣
ɣҡ
һ˵ţһ߾ͽԶʮ˳
ɾ͵׸ҪѴٻʱͻȻܵǰ
ǻԭ
һǸͷųһƬ𺣡
׾Զȥ
ߣЩܺǿƬȥֻԽԽࡣŮһһ߸Χ
ǻԭٿȼʮӣҪܿһ㣬ܹҵĶ顣˵Щܹӵʱ䡣
ǻǵù
ڱԹˣܣ


12  
ͨĻ֪ΪԼˡ
ԭռ֮ʱ͵ģҲ˵пܶۺԶҪõĻ塢ۼĵط
֪һвϲΪԼĴ㣬οû˵ļӣ׻ٻ칬ĳԱ
죬ٿһ㣬ҪЩ׷ϡ
Сұߣ棬ȥ
Ĵ£һ˶ʮӲͣ
ʱЩѾ׵˵ʧˣΪȫ΢ϢƬ̺󣬾гǰСȥ
һܵòǺܿ죬ȴһСʱ
ڼ˺ü壬ˣסǸŮǸûгֵĻᡣ
Ҳó֡
ˣҪϢһ£ˡ
ôʱ䣬ڿڽͣ
˵ʵôʱźۣ׶ò
̨ҹ齣֮ôԺҪбȽǿʦʦ֣鷳㶯ȫɱЩСôҾͿˡ
֮󣬾һƨϣڴڵĴ
Ϊֻأ
׶ķе棬ΪʼնûᵽǸŮҪʲô
ι̨ôһ㶼ϧѲ㻹ȥսײʻãһеŭ
͸һǩǾǣϧӣ
ǲΪִȻҲܹʹҵʵǲԲҪ¶ۡ
ʵǷŭȣû⣬ǰŮһƵӡ
ϣȻŮȽһȺ壬ϾҶ˭Ҳϣ˿ᡣ
ӵıֿȷʵϧ񣬵ںǿŮϿɾ𵽷ˡ
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زҲ˵ֱӽ龭˳Һݴɽٻ˳
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Ҳܡ
󣿡
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ܡ

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ҲûŭϾΣյĿռһЩǱҪġ
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Ϊܹ໥ͨջǸԼһš
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һ˵꣬Ӧǻʱ
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ɽӵ飬Լ齣֮ӵٻ鼮֮ôǻɱͨнʦʦٻ¡
ԭеСƣʱСӾȻǿս󣬶ʱȤ
˵֪һνĿʲô𣿡׵Ȼ˵֮󣬲ɫ̽һ䡣
˵Ϊսҹһεпˡס߲һľ֣ҪľɱֻҪɱеס壬ôǾͻõԺϿɣΪԺѧӦûкܶԴϵĽ١ĵǲ٣ϧ뷨Ǵġ
ͬĹ۵㣬Ӧʥ֮ĶĶϾΪͶ򴫡ĳ֮Ĺϵøӽˣһεս͸ЩйءҲԼļ⣬ĲȫĴ
ͬĹ۵㣬Ǹҵõ鱨һνеסʮԹƾûκϣģҪŽᣬҲҪսѡ
ȻһεɲˣΪ˲ʥģҪȫԸҪȡʤ
ҼûʥǵǣҲϣ屻סɱΪҲˡ
ĸ֮һεĴλñңҪôҾۼܼ򵥣ҪôЭȴǺѣϾԸԼȫˡҲ׵˼֪Ҫһжѡ
ʵ˵˾Ǵ˭˭
ڵˣ֪ԼҪ˵ˡ
ҪŽ˵ѣ˵Ҳ򵥡ܹҵһݸ߹󣬶ϻӵǿ飬ʥȻ䵱죬ڴһƯսͿԿپۼһ
ǰҲıԵС˵ӰԵʱ뵽ע⡣
뷨ֻȥȥһ䣬Ҿҵˣ˭ȷȥն顣ҡҡͷȻҲ˵ϸһ뻹еѡ
ûʹȻҲ䣬һ䲻ͺˣ
һЦȻ˵Լ뷨
һʼˣҪһˣ̫ˡ


13 ûǾʹ
䣬ôܣҡ
׵˼ֻĻû˵꣬ͻȻӵӿͳͳһ
㾹Ȼ͵Ϯңŭһ漴Χʱ˺ܶ档
ˣڱס˲䣬ΧҲ˺ܶ
桢ǱȽϿģϧûлᶯֻе԰ˣԶʱѲá
ټռݵ֮ƣܹ飬ʱҲѡ
ɣѲ˵ģ
Ÿշӣ׾ٻѳӰ
һ˱ֱӷ˵ֿ֪ʱѾˡ
Ϊʲô侲ֻֿǶһ䡣
ɻͼˣֻһ׺ݵӶҸղźľ㣬㾹ȻҪɱ˽ٲƣСˣҽҲõκζ
ΪҪû٣ٻһɻԷ١

׼Է٣æɽһΣȻӡ龭Ƕ󺣵ٻ˺ˮϵĻ
£ĻǺģڻղűס壬ûа취飬ֻôлϢԷ١
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Ϊһ̵ҩļֵ¾͵ֵһͨӡˡ
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Ҫ˼칬Ȼڽ֮Žռ
칬ԱǲǱ¶̫ʵΪп뵽Լ
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Ҫ֪һβμԺ˵һǧҲһӵʥֳһʥֳ϶ͻΪǸݣеλģʵˡ
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ĵľǴֻۣҪĴۿԽܣôȻǳԸ칬
۾칬ǩԼ֡
˵ͳȥסͶ򴫡һҳø
칬ۣһжΪ壬ҪıĶС
֮󣬾ֱǩԼ֡
иջǴɱģǼˡͶ򴫡᲻ɱˡ
ò˵ʥջʵ̫ˡ
ҵı㲻ȥܣȻ칬ˣôҪԼΡ
һ˵ţһԼȥͶ򴫡ʱû˼ȥ顣
֮һԼĵϸ
ԭǽҶãҲȷʵǴڴҶҡ
ҶڴҲһңֻҶֻǷּһš
һּҵĵӣԴҲҪһǿӵһβμԺ˵Ļᡣ
Ҳ֪һԼʧȥλᣬôضٸڶλᡣ
˵ʥһεĿս֮ʱҶöûȥ˭ȻףõôһѵĻᡣ
ȿȣ
ҶøճʥûãŻͻȻ
ôɽ
ΪԼˣϾԷٵʱĸܵǹ˺ѷεʹࡣ
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㣬ɽʹʹ
ҹ󣬻һӾͣǣ񾭣ָһʹࡣ
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׺ĵһҶʹһ
׵ҶñͷȻ칬˻


14 ׼峡
֮󣬶ʱͬ˸һ㡣
㾹Ȼĵʥߣ˼飬ǲ˼飡
ðɣҳҳ嶯ˡ
ܸܲҿͶ򴫡ѾȲҪôʥˡ
磬ҿһۣһ۾ͺã
ıָ֮ǰȫˡ
׻ûзϻǩ֡
˵ķţʹû
ΪǿԶ˹ģ칬ڲţڻܹ
ͬʱҲԼʵݸס
ܻ֮ǰֻһС
ǸСÿֻһƼʸ񣬿ɱСʮ궼ûܹԺˡ
ԻǸС̫ϣҲѡһս֮С
֪˻ݣҲѡͶ򴫡Ҳдһ
һ칬ӵʮˡ
ʮ²ûнôĿǰͻʣʮ
ڼȥˣ滹оˡ
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Ϊռ֮ڴһǿ־Ǹ־ʥ֮ĸӦǳ֮ͣ׸Ӧ칬Ա
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ҪӻˣһμԺĿˣҪͷأȻԼСøá
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ǣϴ󣡡
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ҲǣԴһĻ϶ʹ߹
ֻ˵ƺ£׵ֲûй㷺ֻЩҡӵ֪ܲ׵֡
Ȼ׵洫ȥĻ׵Ļںô
ݵýӽ쿪ʼܻʥͽˣһʥʥͽȻʥߣ˲֪һ㡣
ϴ˼ҰѡͶ򴫡ı¶ȥ𣿡ܻ𳤴ͣҲ֪ʥ鱩¶֮ܶΣա
˵ڲ¶£ͿԿסЩôͲҪ¶˵ҵĻͺݺϸһơ
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ѡһ
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ϵǧܹ֮࣬ʹҵ£ᾡʹҡ
ʥ֮׻ҪӦ鷳
峡ʼ
׶հһ漴̤Žȥ

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СģǱˡ
ˣҲҪսһ㳷ˡ
ɱĳʮ壬ʮɱࡣ
ɱȻҲ٣ǵҡ鲢ԶԿЩס
סֹĲҽ֮ܿͽӶĴݿ
Ҳ
Ҳģİ
ҽ֮ǳ֮Χ࣬Ҳס壬ԲսҲԽԽࡣ
ѲݴɽΧףҲڱսصˡ
ʮ߸ʦʮĸʦ벻û߶Զôˡ
׼ԦŽƹ֮󣬺ܿͿǲҵս档
ս֮УѾ˰ٸסȴʮ
ɴ˿ɼһĲͬסĶ֡
һҪԭ򣬾Щϻûԭ顣
ҪԿ壬ͱҪֳӡҳС
սʽҪʱ䣬סǿǵٶҲĺܶ౶ڴ󲿷ʹ飬Ѿסո
ˣҪˣ벻ô׵۹ĻӣȻҪ֮أҲİ
ӣ
͵׹۲սֵʱͻȻһҽ֮׵ע


15 ɽأˮ죡
߹ʸ֮Ϊ۹Ĺֻ
Ԫ۹׵۹ص۹
ԻӵݣѾǷǳ߹ˡ
һֵע⣬Ǿǵ۹Ļͨܶ࣬ʮ٣ٸࡣ
ΪѪʥѪʵǶһ뷨ǾǶӡ
ֻҪԼ壬ٸٸ
Խ࣬ʥѪļʾԽֻҪʥѪͻһĻʵۡ
ֻʥѪļʷǳС궼Գһ
ΪӺܶ࣬ʳڵĻӶٶм
ͬĵΪ̫࣬ƽӹĻӼʻ
ЩƽӹĻڻʹǻ첻ȥģԴ󲿷ֶѡԺ
һܱܲҵպҲܹΪһڱڻʹȦΪӵĹߡ
Ȼܹ׵۹Ļӣҽ
װһ漴Ҹ˵ĵط£ȻŸղĵطȥ
⡭
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һ£Ƕʱ֨ѽһͨУű뵽ս֮С
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뵽ֲΪ⣬ǽ̺֮ǹϵϢ
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УɳȥĺҲģǼǿʤڶࡣ
ο滹ڡ
һսʱ뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σ塢塢ࡢٻʱȫսһ
ɽʱΪ壬Ҫء
ǿ֮סսǱЩλʥٻġ
ڻɽ֮ϣס徹Ȼһʮһ
ʥɽĸӦж塢塣
һεס֮࣬ȫɱĻ̫˷ˣӦðǻ컯
ˮڳ˼Ƭ̣漴ʥע뵽ˡͶ򴫡档
ɷʮͨ䣡
ڶ˵ɷʮͨ
Լ仯ΪһֻӥȻһӳˮɵ֮ϡ
Ƿĸо״̬֮£ҵʵȻʮֹһӵʱ䣬Ϥӥ״̬
״̬֮²Է裬ͬʱҲܹõӡ
Ǳ䵥壡
շ˺һóǿҵ˼ս塣
û࣬ױɵ˸ȻǵĲԶأͬʱԼ仯Ϊһ塣
ʮͨǿʮ仯κģҲ⡣
Ȼ峤úһģϸȥĻͻᷢкܶϸڵĵطһ
仯ˣǸطһ塣
һҲõԼαװʶơ
ɱ
׻Ϊֱ֮뵽ս֮УȻһȭʹһֻ
ⲻʲôֻɱһ֮תһţǲһֻ
˲ʱ򣬱ߡֻ׵ϡ
ͻı仯ֱӾͿˡ
ѲѾˣ׾ٵľսʤЩΪ⡣
ͺЩ׵ȭͷһ㡣
Ȼʵһ


16 ķ
أأ
ɱ˽ʮͻȻҽмȻϵĶڵϣֵĿס
ﲻҶҲͣߵ׵ǰɻʵʱˣ
Ȼʶ仯壬ϧ׸Ļ
ಣ
ʱЩڵϵͻȻ巢˹
Ȼڸ˵꣬ǲûзɾ裬˵﹥˲䣬ǱתһĶ
Ȼ
ڣ
׵ȵľᣬղŰԼɱΪľɾ衣
֮װ£Ϊ忿ԼȻԼԻ
ֻҪһضһǾ͵ڰѺ󱳽ס
飡飡
ûκη壬˲Ͱѡ龭Ĵٻ
һʹ塣
ʣµһǱһ˱ϡ
һҪǴͨϣ϶һʱ䣬˵ȴǲʹ
ײûд壬Ҫ
ղһƣΪ˰ʥڡ
ᣡ
ʥ壬Ϳʼȡ֮
塢嶼ǿ壬ǵҲͬǿ
֮ϣͨһʮ֮ģһЩõӡ
ֻⷽս̫ƵܹȫĻա
һ㣬ǾҽѧֶβǺǿ󲿷ƶҽ飬ҪһЩСׯĻûһ㹻ǿҽ飬ÿһ겡˶
סͲͬˣǿº
Ƶǣסһߵ塣
壬ǧ𲽵ġ
Ȼ壬սҲǳĵͣһǧ壬ʿĶ֡
ǧΪµĹ壬ͬߣһʤ㶼ûС
Щ׹ĵģĵľסܹṩǶ١
㡭㲻ǡʥƵ壬ƴȫʥ⡣
ʥٶ
һ׾ͶԱϵһ£
漴һӽ˹ȥ
һΣеĵֿ֮Ͳơ
һööö
ʧȥ˵ֿ֮壬ŹʮӲűʥ˸ɣͬʱ׹ö컯
ȻֻöѾˡ
ʱһֶͨ͸һö컯
һö˵Ѿˡ
Ҫ֪һν壬ʮңʱֻҪˮ㣬;ܹջһ컯
ʬ徹ȻûɷĩȻǿ塣
׿һѾɹʬж֪һ֡
һֶ֮ε֡
һһÿ׹ö컯
ֻǵʱһĺܿ죬һйء
Խǿ壬ʥյľԽ
ԽС壬ʥյľԽ졣
Ϻװһ֣˵ȥ֪ҪöĽʺޡ
˵꣬ͽ컯ʱ֮Уžֱ˴ӥգѰһĿꡣ

ͬʱ
ɽܵʥ֮Ĳ
ʹáͶ򴫡ʱûдأǹʥĲݵ൱Զ
ʥߣҾڲԶǸϽȥ
ֻҪʥһǲǳȫͬʱϣսʤЩסһε
Ҿ˵ԺԭһεĿ˾ȻʥߵĲμӡ
Χ໥ͨһ׷Żɽķȥ
֮⣬ΧסȻҲܵһ㡣
ʥߣɱǡ
ʥ֣߳ضȥ֪ͨʥʹεĻὫһ򾡡
Ѫͨض֮
һöݵ֮Ǳ뵽˵£Ȼʥߵķʻȥ
Զ鴫Ѷ
ĴѶʽȽϹ죬ȵĲϢ
ʽǺܿ죬Զʱס˻ɽ
һʱ䣬壬壬׷ϵǵʥʹʥֵ߳ǡ
ԶһʥʹõϢ֮϶ʱֳһ˿̵Цݣʥ߳ˣ벻ǾȻ
ˣۼеͬ飬һͬȥַǸʥߡ
һ漴ʹ򻨹ɽķȥ
֪壬Ȼʥ߽ҵõһʥ飬ֻʥӡԴȥڵ֪ʥԭλáһʥʹ뷨
ϣһʥ֮ԲӡģΪÿһӡҪеյġ
塢Ͷֿۣͨʥӡȥϵԭͨ
֮ͨϵԵ֪ʥԭλõķš
Ȼͨĺܴ󣬵ֻҪʥĽλߣǾá
ңһԭڵλûκηλߵϣôסͿֱսԭߣȻӡ
ֻҪԭӡôеӡʧȥܡ
ԵʣÿһԺ۹ң׶ʥӡȥ
Ұʥֳÿһ칬Աֻ֮ô
ɽΧʥ鲨ݳȥ֮󣬻ʶҲͣ˽Ų
׿Ļ϶ܹϳΪԺɳлһǸ׽Ǹ顣
ŸսͶʥ飬ǳסʥʹȥ
¶ʥضܴΣգͬҲԾۼЩγһɿԺס忹
ֻס壬һο϶ʥʹԷΪ˵ʥӶˣǸʥ顣
ϧʥϢǡۡ
ȥˣץʱ˻ϣ˳취ҵףô˵ۡҲǵذڶʥ飬˵һɺӵ
ǿһרͨѶķѶ
ִѶڵķɸ봫飬ֻֽ˷ɸ룬ҪﵽѶĿģ˫뻹Ҫڷϻǩ
Ժͱ֪֮ǰ໥˷顣
ϧʱŽȥģڽ֮ûа취÷ҵס
ʵ֮ǰҲû뵽һ㣬֪ᱻ漴͵Ļһڷǩġ
ۡսȷʵɺӣȸ˻ϣȻ취ҵס
ã
ԺϺ󣬱뿪˻ɽȥ


17 Ǿ
󣬻ɽ
һʮö컯ˣȻӶ¸֮·
⼸ʱûɽƣʮͨջ˲ٵ컯
ʵǺܶסˣֻ컯Ҫ֮һ
ÿһ˺󣬶ʧ
ɽڵסĲˣΧȴۼ˸סʱܻӹˡ
׹۲һΧ漴ѽٻݴɽķȥ
ݴɽ뻨ɽľ벻ǺԶڽƵȫ֮£׽üӾͻص˴ɽ֮ڡ

ʱݴɽڡ
ܻҶ¶Ͷ򴫡
Ͷ򴫡Ŀǰֻ£ֻ࣬ͨҪͿ⡣
ֻڡͶ򴫡ǣµϵҪȥıԼۣԴеݡ
ı۵÷ǽ뵽硣
ڣܻҶ˾档
ǵ󣬾Ȼ磬ҲбһЩӵ巢֡
׻˶󣬶ʱΪǸеһ
Ȼ֪ʥջܴ󣬵ֻһݴɽԼһ֮ػ£ȫܽ磬δһ̫ðա
ҪǵԼ֪öãһҪǽѡ
׿˼һ漴׼˽ѡ
ʵʥӡʥֳ磬뵽ʥԭ档
Ҳ˵һʥֻһҪʥĻҽ뵽ʥԭ֮С
ʥӡʥֳ뵽ʥԭ޷֪ġ
ʥԭʥ뵽磬Ҳֻܹ֪Ҳڣ޷ȷǸ˵ľλá
ҲΪһļ岻Զʥӡʥֳ˵ԭ֮һ
ΪҪǱ˵õʥӡֳĻ͵õ˵õһԼĴš
һܾͻᱻ˵֪һԷǿĻ˵ܹ˵ԭߡ
ǡͶ򴫡ԭߣԾʹֳҲҪҡ
뵽Ͱְܻʥֳϡ
˵ʹֳĻͻܻߡ
ǣ⻹һʹֳ뵽Լʥ֮УҲ»⡣
ˣ
һϤĲ漴׾ͳе̨ɽΧ
Ȼܻܵʲô
׷ԼȻ̨ɽΧ󣬸æȥԼΣΪ޵״̬
ͬʱܻҲô뵽׶С
Է磬㿴ָþˡ
СӣѾ˵ûԵô㻹ô򡣡
Է磬֪ԼûԵҲûȥɣֻҪѧǶķŶѣʣպԼװֲֶˡ
ܻʵǺӲ֪ΪǸомӡ
ֻ񣬲ôǸа֮˵ĿӣʱСǰĻȥɴķԷǺִ˳
Է磬ҵ룬ɵĻͽ̽ķšܻô򣬡ֻҪԷķţұ֤պÿ춼þТ㡣
ܻ˵ʵ꣬Ԫ񣬶
ˣˣҾʹһͨķԺҪˡ
ԷҲ֪ǱܻˣǱܻŪòͷˣȻĴڸһ׷š
ϵԷЭ֮󣬼ֱԼĶ䡣
ֻ񣬲ķʺ벻ԷȻİѷڸܻ𡣡
Ϊʥԭߣ֪ԺߣȻԷʦĵӣһǺǿĵ֮һ
ĵӣױ˶׵ȥ
ǣܻ𲻽ǰĥӲݵĵõš
һʱе㼵ĺˡ
˲Ҫ޵УǰΪֻһЦԣ˭ܻȴҿ仰塣
ЩʱƤȻҪʱֻҪƤܹõ벻ĺô
лԷ磬ҾԲġܻõ֮˸߲ҵ뿪
Ҳ״̬¸뿪
ֱ˺ԶԼȷΧû״ʱŰ˳
ܻ𣬰ѹǾŹ׳ɣһΪһ󹦡
׳֮ҲϻֱҪǾ
ڲ磬磬ܹʺ֮١
ܻԵɺµõǾô׵ȻŹˡ
ԭϴ󣡡
ܻ׺жеơ
˵ʵ˭ҲϣԼõĳɹô˸Ҫȥ
ҲòףΪͶ򴫡׵ġ
ǸԷ˵ǾһǳȻӳֵϾǡ
ܻ𲻻Էֶһ㣬Ͱѷ뵽Ժ֮еķһѹǾݸס
ԭˣǾǱȽϵͼķˣʤѧ׶˵һѡ񡣡
˹Ǿ֮󣬱㰵а¼
ˣȸһصɣѾۼһڸ£ĵʱˡȻҲھһԹǾ֪Ҫ
Ѿ׼һõԷϿɣؼʱҿٻԷףһ֮
ܻõԷĺøУԷٻսĻҪٻԷ
ܺãǳȥɣ
ţ
˵䣬뿪硣
֮׶˵һԼȥҶá
ҵ󣿡
ܻһʼû׵˼ǵԾһͷһ֮󣬾͸æ뿪ݴɽżܱߵһСϪȥ
ʱܻһֱ˷ܵڶ飬ͱ÷ǳˡ
ҪȥЩƸһ棬ӡϾͻȥ֡
ܻ뿪ܻ֮ͬķͨҶõֳڵҶԡ
Ƕ
׽֮󣬱㷢Ҷڶڣһͷ˫ǵСŮ졣
ϲˮͬʱҲܹƲ꣬γƣӲ׵硣
Ҷ˽һ󣬱ֱʼһСŮ򽻵Դ˻ŮϿɡ
ԺսʱͿٻŮˡ
ܲ뷨ܻҶ÷չΪ칬Ա˵Ҳһ¡
׼һεõ칬ԱͷԶҲΪԼ۹⡣


18 ʥ
Ҷãɣ
ײѶϢݸҶá
Ҷ׵Ļ֮һܿ˱飬ȻСŮ˵˼仰뿪硣
һȻҲûдȥɡ
˳֮ҲҶýһ
ҶãȻ㲻ԸⱩ¶ǰôƽʱ͵ܻͨߣܻΣʱαװԼȹѹء
ԣ
Ȼ׵İŸҶõ뷨ͬǴӦ
Ҷõ뷨ʵҸȫĵطܹһֱһս
ֻҪսǾһͬ㣬೤ʱ䣬սнôһ졣
ûеõͶ򴫡֮ǰҶûϣ뵽Ժ֮ȥѧϰ
õⱾʥ֮ȥȥԺѾûرĲˡ
ϴѾ׼˺ˣ
׸ոҶýܻ꣬ܵߡ
һϴܻ֮ʱǸݵӱһȥǸӵܵӡ
ǰܻʵֻͨĺӣȻи̬ʵûκεı
ڲͬˡ
ڣܻӵʥֳͬʱҲӵʥͽţһеȵš
ŵİ£ܻһ֡ûѵԼĸо
ڲԶٻ˻ɽڻɽڵס嶼ˣҲۼٸȱľһ䡣
һᵱ䣡
ߣ
װѻɽ˵֮󣬾ͳȥݴɽԼɽػ
ͬʱѽٻȻһͬŻɽȥ
Ƴܻ֮Ҷöǰһԭˡ
ȻҲжƣ˶ԽƵ֪ȴûУԺиûнƵ״ȻҲٻơ
ڿ׵֮Ǿ׽Ҫʹˡ
Ѿ磬еľǵдĵط
ڵ3µĽβ֮£һ㶼뿪ɽңԶĵطȻҲòơ
ֻҪǸոյõʥֳû׵ָ㣬ºܶͨ޷Լ
֪ĲĲ㡣
ȵȣʥʹʥӣ
׼ԦŽƼɵɽ֮ʱͻȻһ󲨵ڳŻɽǰ
һܶ࣬һȥԲǧ
Щʲô嶼Уʯ
ֵעģЩһֻ޴ڹꡣ
Ǹڹнʮ׳ҲġңҲǴ¿ܹ״
ҪƽȥĻֻῴһСɽ
ҴǸڹϸܵһɵѹѹý֮ͣϣ漴˵е뷨
ϢĪꣿܻûм壬Ҳֱ治ʲôȻô˵Ȼˡ
ʥ壬ǲ̳ſˮͨǵķҲ֮ߵġҶô˵ҲǼӵܣ϶е˽⡣
ͨҶõĽܣ׸ܻͨ
ֻͨĹ壬һ뿪˴󺣣սٻһϡ
һĻ󺣸Ʋסǡ
ȻǿᣬҲԶһ壬Ծ뿪󺣣սҲǳֲ
Ψһ㣬ٶȡ
Сģ巢ˣ
Ҷýسʱ·ͻȻ̧ͷȻմһ

һ֮£һ紵˽֮ϡ
ܲһ꣬Ѿ˴ˡһ꣬ҲðǴȥһнʦ꣬Ǻǡ
ͻȻԭһ˿ǵģΪ·Žǧ壬ǧϵ塣
һȥĻһս
ҺĹǿȻϵƽƣǵһûдɢôԺҲ봵ɢ
һ׵˾ռƣ׵ĽҲõ˻⡣
Ͼ׵һξôս棬Ҫ˵ŵǲŽйء
۴ˣСĻӥ
ס˽ִܻ֮˹
ʵܻ˵Ҳмֻðӥ壬߽Ƴ
ĺãһ漴óˡͶ򴫡һգȥ
߾
һн𹿰ͻӰŻӰȥ
ͬʱϵܻҶöʱ¶ڴ顣
ΪǡͶ򴫡ǣҲԺĵƣܹѧһʹսļɣ˵Ҫ

֮ϣյĳҲǧһ
Գһ壿ʥϢ
ȻдԳһĹ£һΪʥ顣
бΣԳﹴ࣬й©Գһܡ
࣬ȡǵȥɱ
յĳ֣嶼޲ɱգȥɱϵʥӡ
ûΪϵԭΪԭʥ֮Я
ʥߣȻⷽռ䡣
쿴ǸӴϰγһѺëȻȻ仯˰ʮһ
ɶÿһǿЩͨĻӥһȻΣգҲκβ˺ӵķ
̫ˣѾֲĸǷĸˡ
֮ϵսʹ˺ë֮󣬱һҵĴս
ʥӣҲֻ㲻Ұɡ
ʱͻȻһֻǺɫѻĹͻȻü˵һ䡣
Ǹʥ߲򵥣ȻɻһʥӣܲĶ֡Ǻ
ʥӣҲ̫ˣҪΪÿһǸŮһɻʥӹֽһ˫һģһӰ˽ơ

վڽϵһֱ۲·ԵɻʥӳʱȻܵͬ޵ԨһϢ
һǿʦǸ꣡
ܵвְ֮ѡԶʮ˳
γӰ˫
ȻԷǿᣬôҲ˿ҵģֱһٻһٰѳӰǻһ㽣ܵԼǰ
ͬʱѴֶһ˳
˫֮һںڰе
˻
ɻʥӳ嵽˳ӰǰʱͷʱӰ˺һСӡ
֮껯
ɻʵ˽Ϊڽ֮Уû⡣
ҲҺɻš껯ıͨۿҪӰʬ£Լתһ͸ĺ񣬳ɹԽ˳ӰϣȻ嵽˽Ƶ·
Ȼ黯ͨ
Ҳû뵽ɻ黯ͨ
תʵҪǿ˵ֻдѧʿһ˲ܹ漰˭뵽ƾűͨʦͿʹͨ


19 ɻ
д֣ƣ
˫֮Ľһа
ֻŴԽ·һ̣ʱͱһɽâɽâϢ·һڽǰΡ

ɻʥӵ֮屻յһҽУȻű϶㿪
Ȼ㿪׵һʱͬһɢĺ̸
ʲôȻպÿҵɻʥҪжơ
ţҪɱף˭֪ǱӰһʬֱϢƣһʥ˵Īĳ衣
滹ǧڹսҲ˵Ǳģ忴ˡ
࣬
ɻʥٶȼХһ·ڷйеĲʡ
ױûɻʥӵǵҪݽȥʱȴͻȻеһͷΡ
񹥻
һ֮׾͸оԼͻȻر˯ˣǾġ֣Ҳ·ˡ˯һͬĳԺС
ͻĳܻҶã֪Ϊξǿ˿ڡ
ң͵еʱٻҲͻȻʱǿʱرĲȶ
ɻʥѾʤˡ
ɻһʥӣʥҲʥӴ˵һ֮С
·忴յı仯󣬾֪ɻʥռϷ磬Ƿ׷׳
۴ˣôˣ
Է磬
ܻҶҲ׵ĲԣǸһ˵ҲһϮ
ҲͬһԿڣ뵽ʱп˯ŵ
ˣɻʥһʹ츳ֻͨ²Ϣһ޷ָˡʥҲ˵һ䡣
ɻʥӱȽϤ֪ɻȻȥɵİ׸ˣʵѾ͸֧һص
飡飡
ܻҶü˲ӣڽ뵽˯״̬Ȼ˽֮ϡ
ͬʱ׵۾Ҳʵıˡ
ˣ벻ҾȻˣϣʥ¶
ױ˫ǰһͷ
ױ˫۵һ˲䣬ҲڻһʧڿС
ƻûʧڽ䵭һ½䡣
ʱҪһ紵ôһɢ
֣Ҫǵꡣ
ɻʥӼӥʱХһǺˣȻɵ׵ļϣǼһӶ׵Ķͷһġ
ʥӶޱȵĺ⣬Ϊױʹ̫Ѿûκεˡ
ɻڵ״̬˵һһͨ
ʱ棬һ԰ɱ
ˣ
һ֮£ɻʥӵ쾹Ȼ״̬뵽׵Ķͷڡ
ɣһом䣬ͳͳҵʳɡ
ɻʥӲ꣬ԴԼҲ֮еļ䡣
ҿҪʲô
Ƭ֮󡭡
ţôʲôûУ
ɻ׵ļܺ棬˺һ֮󣬾ȻԼʲôûп
ܣһôûм䣡
ɻΪԼ⣬æԼһ
Ǿһ֮Լ˺֮ûκ⡣
ǣٶȰ׵ͷС
ûм䣬ôֻг֮Żûм䣬ʥûôûм䡣ǣľѾΪһ壬ﵽԶϿϵľ硣
ͻȻ֮䣬ɻʥ뵽һֿܡ
йŹ֣ʥйŹ֣һҪŪ굽
ɻʥ΢Ƭֻ̣״ֱ̬Ӷ뵽׵֮С
ԣûУ
֣ûУ
֣ûУ
࣡иԭǼ
ɻʥӵ֮һ̽飬ҵ׵ڡ
벻Ȼ֮УһҲ룬ȻٶѰһ
ɻʥӷ׵ܣͬʱҲø˷
ţ·ʲôˣԣӦ걻ʲôˡ
ɻʥ׵ദʱַ׵Ĳ֮ͬ
ɻʥӵıͨǿԿͨĵ׵꣬ʲôš
öҫ۵Ĺ㣬Щʲôôһɢǿ
ٶ߽һɻʥӱ㿴סĶԭһĹ㡣
Щ㲻ͣΧ׵裬ҪϸȥĻܹЩ֮оȻӵ֡
ֻϧЩ̫ϸСһ˸塣
㿴壬ҲûܹϳЩ֣ΪǶڵϵ֡
صĹ㣬ֵ壬ĪԶʥɵĲлꣿ
ɻʥ뵽˹ؼһ㣬Ǿײˣ²ײֹˣˡ
ȻԶʥɵĲл꣬ôҪǰЩյܹǰʥ
һɻʥͻȻ뵽˼ȵĿϲ֮С
ʦΪʥ˵Ǿ޽УҲԲᳬһ֮
Ҳ˵ɻʥӳɹˣ͵ʥ·ͨ裬һõʥߵı
ʱӵеʥָ㡢Դൽ޷ĵز
벻ҾȻд˻ʥ֮б
ɻʥ׵дЦһȻͶһȥ

ɻʥӴǸһ˲䣬ʱһĶС
йŹ֣ɻʥ󣬱ܵľ͸оһɲԾ
·Ϊӡ֤ĸоһǱƵĹͻȻһӱըΪ֣һӿ뵽׵֮С
ͬʱ뵽˯е꣬Ҳ˲˫ۡ
ףôˣ
еֶû׵ʱɻʥӾ͸еǰһȻһǿ׵ڸ˳
֣
֮øĿԡ
ɻʥͫת任ЩǸոչ㱬ը֮뵽е֡
ãҺ˲顣ɻʥɵҲ̰ˡ
·
ʥӿŽѾ½˾ֻʮеĵط󣬾뻨ɽǰС
ǣո˲ʮͶʱһе嶼ͣ˽Ų
ͣйŹ֣ͻȻܵڵڲ·ʲô¼
ɲֹʥָоһ̣ƬصĿռ֮ʥӡʥʹ˸ʥһĸо
֮⣬ʥӡʥʹҲͬˡ
ʥߣһҲóԼʥӡֳȻʥָɻĿڵķλ
ʥӣС


20 
ɻʥ֪ԼˣӦʹɱף̰Ҫʳ׵꣬ŪԼ޷
ɻʥ֪ˣԾʶϢʥӡ
ĻŸ˵һ㣬͸оؿһʹ屻˵ĸо
ʥӣɣ
˵ܻ𣬾ɻʥӱ֮ǹܻ뵽˯ߵʧˡ
Ȼܻ֮Ҳ׵ı仯һȴҪǽ壬ɻʥûз
ֱܻ߲ԶĴɻʥӵһ
ʵҲ֤˳ɻʥӲע͵Ϯȷѡ
ɱһʥӣԺûˡ
ʱҶҲ˹İףս˻ûгɻʥӡ
ܻ㱩¶ʥΪ䣬ôضԽ뵽Ժ棬ʥӵʬøҰɡҶҪʥӵʬ壬Ϊһ͡
Ȼû⣡
ܻҶûʲôֿҶ˵
Ҷüͬ⣬óһؼҵ鷿ʬ뵽鷿С

ɻʥˣ࡭
ʥӿɻʥӾô֮жʱһŭ
ŭ֮µ꣬ʱǴͷ­̧Ȼ쳤Хһ

֮£ΧɷǿȴֱӰΧĵز
ٻĽƣҲ˲ͱɢˡ
ƣ
׵Ľɢ˲䣬ܻҶ˸æԼʥֳٻơ
˿ƣԲڵһʱٻ˳ҽס˼׹صס
ߣﲻܾס׵Ҷã֪ʧȥսôûĶ֣Բ׳¡
ߣûܣ
ﲻ֪뷨ٶȼӴ˷ſڶҶһɺˮ
ҶȻӵнƣĽֻһٻģҲǺǿڿĸ֮£Ȼһʱûж㿪ˮĹ
ۣ
ˮޱȣڽƵʱֱӰѽƸƻˣͬʱмˮ˦Ҷõϡ
ǼˮȻ򣬵ȴҶõƤ
̫ǿˣǲǶ֣ܻľԮһʱȴҲȥ
֪ԼȥҲǰװ
˵ܻҲõʥֳڵ٣ҴСطҼҲһǧ
ԶԸͨʦʥʤԸʥӣһ˿ʤʶûС
Ҫ𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬ܻܵ
УǡͶ򴫡ߣϣˣʥӱض֪һ㣬ʱ鴫Ҿͻᱳǧ
ܻǲӣʱûʧȥǡ
ԣ֪Լߣһ׵ݺͽ鱻ôԼᱻΪͽǸСҲҪܵǣ
ƴˣ˾һ˵Ļϴῴҵϰһ򳤴ǡ
ܻһƴ׵ľ
Է磬һ
ֻܻ𷭿Ͷ򴫡ȻϵļȫͶУԷٻ˳
Էһͽϵıⵣһ
ˣ
漴ΧĴ羹ȻʧˣռҲðʣµֻбŰĳԼʥǳŭľ޴顣
Ȼס˿磬ԷȻûʧ
ܻԷúһϲȻæԦŽҶõǰ
㻹ðɣܻҶõļȫ˺ۺĪеһ󲻺ܡ
ȻãǸĿˮ̫ˣҸղŴӸ߿ˤҵƼһ֣Ѿоҵˡ
Ҷüѵİܻ
ʵһûιȥѾ漣ˡ
ǺãѵǶҪ𣿡ܻҶõжʱޱ⡣
ָֻۣܹˣҶ֮ǿŲԼιȥΪ֪һĵҩ
ܻԷٵǴΣҶÿۿ컯ܻ˹ϣ׸ϿȻҲһöҩ
ϴôˣΪ۾ȫҲʶܻ֡ҶףҲ㳯ŲԶ׿һۡ
ףϴȻûˣվˡ
ܻһתͷףͷײ֪ʱѾվ
࣬ȥ
ʱд˹
ʱʥѾɱԷ仯Ϊʧ֮䡣
Էһʧвǳ˹
ҪˣܻȻнƣˡ
ΪԷһʥʱٻ籩
ȻҪˣôҲź
ܻҲ֪Լ֮ܲǰԼһԸ
Ǿǡ
ԲˣҶãϲ㣡
ܻһ˵꣬ҲҶ𾪸ɻֱӶ촽ȥ
ܻԼҲҪˣٸԼϲŮ˱һ£˳ԼĳǷ׳ȥ
ҶǱܻĹǺʱܻȻеøУ̸ϲ
ˣûа취ֻֿܹܻˡ
ӵ壬ֻ֪䣡
ɱ壬ҪǸӵġ
ǸŮ˵Ƥң
ϲ۾
ԽԽǾȻʼԤܻҶõ岿λ
޳벻ҾȻȥܹĵʥ飬ԼȵһŮҲû̫ź
ܻ󰵵һ䣬žͱ˫ۣȴĽ١
ͬʱʥҲ׵ǰ
ɣʲôܣֻҪ˾ʧˡ
ʥҲ˫е֣֪ɻʥǰĻţһйء
ղɻʥǿֲʥӾ̲סҪɱףͻʡ
ǡ֮ʮ֮˾š
ˣҲˡ
͵ʥǱ塢廹ľצʱͻȻ˵һ仰
ִ֮֮Уӣ
һ䣬ضΪ֮һضһ硣
һһ׷Բǧڵ嶼ˣײǧ׵ܻҶҲӱ
ܵǹĴҶõҲۿɼٶȻָ
ž
ָ֪ҶֱӰܻƿȻһϣܻһָɽ
ɣ޳ܣҼסˡҶСͨ죬ҲͣǾ仰󣬶ûܹע
ȻûҶãȴܻ
ˣɸоһ׵ѵռд飬һǸܻҶ˻ָͬʱҲ˺󣬱ȷһ
͵ҪѰ˭дʱ򣬽žּ仰ݵĶС


21 ʥ
߲֮
ģʩ졣
⼸仰һøˣ֮Ҳһ¡
ջ꣬һ۷
ͬһʱ䣬еҲ⼸仰
û׵ǴݵκһС
ӵǵࡢ塢塢Ұޡ飬ͳͳ顣
ֻҪӵǣٵͣһ̶ܹ׵
ʥԴһ硣
ԶʱڿʼڣһγԴһ

ؿռ⡣
ʥ⼸֮ж𾪸ѽ⡣
˭ôͻȻҵԺУ֮лطϢ
ԴһǵȻӵʥλӦֱӳǵԺҲ˵Դһ𣿡
ԴһԣӦӵǰǿطѹѲ˵֮ϵʥԣ
ʥһԴ߹˵ʱˡ
ʥ׵Ļ֮󣬶ΪǳԴ߹ʥԡ
ʥ֮ϵʥʥǶȥ롣
硢ѳʥӦһ顣
д߶һɾʥԣдʥǱʰ
վؿռڵʥǣһʱ䶼׷¶Цݡ
Цûгãְȥ
ΪʥǷڶסʥߣҲһЦݡ
ʲôΪסʥҲܹǵʥԡ
ǲֹܹһһϲӣ·ЩʥԶһ㡣
Ժʥ߿סʥ״̬󣬶æϸ׸ղŵǼ仰
⼸ʥ̺֮˵·ڽĴ
ԾЩʥ֮ʲô˵ʥԣӦֻܹס嶼õˣҲ˵Щʥԡ
ʥԣʲô
Ǽȥý׼ʥԣ˵סܵǣǻܹһ١
Ǹʥ˵ͽȥ
λʥɱġ
ʥЭ֮УȷʵĹ涨ʥ߲óָͨսʥߺʥ֮ȴսġ
Ĳʥ߶ۼؿռڣһ¶Դ˽д
ʥߣ֪һֻҪлɱʥߵĻᣬǾԲ׷Ź

ں֣
ҲĻҲ֮ԶҲ
׵ڼ˵ʱгһµı仯
Ǿһɢҫ۹â̫µĶ档
µͬԡ
˵˳ջ֮Ӧɢ֮Ŷԡ
ͬԣֱָ˵֮Ե󡣡
ֲסʥҲϲãΪ֮ԶﶼõģҲܹ档
ɶ֮ԵĻôͲ˵ˣΪ֮ԻữֱӴݵԺ֮С
һ֮ʥǶһơ
Ϊ˵ЩĴڣˡףһλţպ徫Ӣ
ϣǸ壬塢塣

ؿռڡ
˵ļ仰֮ʱͬͬԵľ
ͬһռڵˡסȫܵһǿѹ֮
ѹ֮£˼붼ܵţǶá
ʥӣھܵѹ֮Զ˶ǿϲ١
ɻʥӵ׶ʲôΪᷢ˷츲صı仯еĻҲΪԡ
ʥҲ֪׵ʥΪ׵ĻԱܵΪֻ˵ԣŻ
췢ɱޡ
˵һ䣬仰һ˵꣬յͬԣʱбǳ
Ҫ״ʱѵ״̬ͿԷֺǳ򣬲ǳ򣬶ǵϵǳ
ڸոճֵʱ򣬱йɣûã֮оʹһ󶯵е޶û
̫λҲͣظеײ
һĩյĸо
طɱ½
ĩվڼ˵仰֮ʱĩֳ֮һµ
رɽ鷺ģ߳Σһְ
˷ɱط
һյĩվ󣬸Ѿʱһˣγһ硣
˺Ϸ򻯶
Ȼ͵˶ΪĩʱЩĩաѵľͻȻ׵һ䣬ѸƽϢҺָܿӡ
¡ޡءɽȫ¹λ
ˮ߹ɽеҲƽ
Щ󲢲ؿռڵܹκһطҲܹ
׾Էء֮аںҪԶ
ľؿˣڹʱ֪֮ν֮ʥˡ
ɱ֮Ҳ֮֮֮ˣżȰ
˵棬׵ԽԽ죬ͬʱȥĵҲԽԽ漰֪ʶԽԽࡣ
֮˵֮˵֮˵֮˵ȵȶǣ
ҵ˵֮еͻȻġһըˣ漴һž޴ĽɫֽŸա
ֽʥֽҳ
֣Ҳ˵ݡ
ʥִֽʡ
ڵ״̬Ȼ޷д飬ôʡ
һ綼뵽˹İ֮С
ûдˣȻشʣ֣Ҳ˵˵ʥ֮ԵĴڣ֮ˡʥǿȫһ
סʥ߾͸ɱˡ
ȻִʣûмǴĻòֻԶʱڣʱŻ󡣡
һִʵ鼮ôһ־ͻɽеּ˵õԭߵ֮⣬ֻʥ߲õ
ⱾǵǺ˵ȥһǸˡ
Ҫˡ
ȻֹԶս֮ͳΪ˴˵
ĳ֣ʱһҪԶʱ뷨

󣬰Լӣءʤ֮Ѻӡ
֮״̬֮£˵һ仰
ͬʱʥֽҳϷҲдһ⣬ΪƵ
ûƪ£ǵϵġƵ
Ƭļǵ֮ѧҲ֮ѧ
ֻƵ漰㣬šСԡϵ
Ժûϵ֪ôõƵҲԿݣǿһ֣˽Ȿı溭ˡ


22 Ѫ
ʧˣʥֽҳʧˣҵļôҲʼģˡ
ǷҪĨǶǱļ䣬ҪϽд
дҲԶʧ
֮ϵġƵʧ֮еƪ£Ҳһͬʧ
ңҪдҲ¼Щ֡

ԺУ׺һΡ
Уص˵ϵĶͯʱڣСѧʦѧϰƴǻǵͯꡣ
ѧѧţͻȻѧУ鷿ʦҲһ
Ҫױ飬ֻҪױһ֣ͻᰤ
ö֮ͱ˶顣
ʲô飬ΪҴû˵
һ죬ڱ飬ԽԽоԾ·ⲻ飬еҲʶ֡
֣ˣⲻʶ֣Ҳ֮ףǵϵס
ͨٻԼ֮ҲͻȻ۾
۾˲䣬һ뵽׵֮С
֮һನನķΧԶ
֮ڵ塢壬ڵһʱ䱻ನɢꡣ
廹ãΪ·ûд㹥壬ĳ̫󣬲һҲ˹ȥ

ˣôˣ
֮󣬾ͷԼڵλñһƬ档
ܻҶã
תͷ˲Զˣֻ·뵽֮У׵
˲׾˹ȥһǵ
ûϢûͺˣ
ȷֻѣȥ֮Ҳһ
ʲûпΪ˱ԼܵˣҲϣ¡
׷ʲô飬ôҲιȥˣЩҲιȥˣ
׼ܻҶ֮󣬾Ǳߡ
ԾЩ嶼Ȼȥǻ״̬ʵϣȴܲǰֵϢҲ˵
ĸǰͷ˲ͬ
ˣǾͰʥٻû뵽ڡ
ȻЩ嶼ˣû˿ˣȫε˺֮¡
УʥھȻҲ˵Ÿá
ͨʥļ飬֪ʥӲǻˣˡ
֮󣬶ڶʱɢ
СҲ⣬Ȼô͸հɡ
벻׷ʲô֪Լٶһ㻰Щͻȫɢ
ɶ񣬻ˣ֮⣬徹ȻһûС
Ȼ뵽һ㣬ɢٶʵ̫ˣվǵõ
һ컯۲
ˣȻӵѪͳô˵кöпӵ飬ҹѪҺ˵ͷǳá
׿һصʬ˼Ƭ̺󣬾Ͷץ£֮ǰɢڵصġͶ򴫡龭ԭԼֶһĴٻصС
Щ״ӿбʱɢģ׵ϢֻҪ׶Ϳ԰ٻ
պ飬ʥ֮׾ʥǰһǱȻ壬Ҳ
뵽׾ʹӹʱȡ˺üСƿ
ЩСƿǴԵСƿܹ뵽ʱ档
ԭֻСƿھʱ̵ĸ죬ѾΪ˰ƿ
ϧ˰֮Щƿ·ͽ뵽ƿڰǷŶ죬ֻῨڰϡ
İƿŵϣһͿ԰ͨˮαɴԵˮ
ˮˣźܶ;
Ҫǹʱֻܹޣ޷ĻЩˮܹѳһˡ
ȻϵְƿҲֵǮҵĻһһҡ
СһңΪһһ٣ʮһǧ׵Ĺʱռܴ׸оһ⡣
ϧûҪģĳƿֻװһٶƿˮһЩī
ڣЩƿµ;
ˮīȻҪǸ֮Ѫǿɾ΢ˡ
׵İƿ棬ЩͨˮīΨһƿװźѪīˮʣµЩֵǮ
׾ŰͨˮīͳͳȻٰѪҺƿ֮ڡ
һĻֻҪȥ˼ӹһͿ֮ѪƷ΢һѪīˮˡ
ѪīˮƷٵͣҲƷīˮ
ѪīˮдĻЩʱ򼴱Ȿ鼮ݴﲻһףпܵѪļӳֳΪһס
ɴ˿ɼõīˮжôҪ
ײ˷ˮ׼ռѪҺ֮ǰһеƿ˳ȻܻҶõȥ
ۣ
ˮһ¾ͰܻҶ˸ˡ
ޣ˭ˮܻһһʱǱԹ
ȿȣۣѹˣҶ˼Ƚܣһͻ˸ղŵľ
ˣǵкô
׼óö컯ָܻҶһһ
컯ζѣҪǿָƣҲرѵõ˵£ĵĲƷ
ҩ̫ˣҪܹԾͺˡ
ҶýӹҩҲľͳȥ
ܻ΢ԥһ£һڽȥ
ָо·ҵõ
컯֮˶ٳһϧײû⡣
ô˵ҲʱܹձˣҪǽԺĻǺܳʱա
ԣһ㱸Ǻõģ˵Ժõء
϶ƿ𣿡׼˻ָĲ󣬾Ͷһ䡣
дīˮƿֻмҶȻش׵⣬Ȼ󻹰ϵļƿӶ˳
Ҳǣһһƺ
ܻϵīˮƿֻþƣȻһСƺ
īˮƿīˮɣȥռ֮Ѫս֮˼ӹһ£ôǾͻõѪīˮװԼ뷨˵꣬Ŵʥӵʬǰ
ˣôģ
ܻۿʥӵǿʥӣԼǧϵȫеġ
˵ЩԣʥӸɱ𣿡
ܻһʥӵʬ壬ֿһףаֲԳۣԭȻǿֶΡһνؿռôܹԺܹۡ


23 ǿƴ
˺
͵ܻϹʱѾôĲ֮һ̣ϿһѪȻðƿռ֮Ѫ
ǷȻʥӵǿѾȥڴǰһֿûУ˵Ǻ͵ľͱƿǼӲƤ
һռѪҺɣǷŲѪôͰǰԼЩʬ壬ܻơ
Щʬ̫ˣȻ޷ȫߣ԰Ǵ
ԳˣҲԳ
ֻҪڵôѪ˵ҲǴ󲹡
ͬʱƤë·׷Ҳǿ
צӡĻҲǳķ
֮Щʬ˵ҲһʼֵƵĲƸ
ϧʬ޷װ뵽ʱ棬Ȼ׾ԻǶߡ

ʮӺ
ֻܴ벻ǴôֻǴ֮ѪҺʣµⲿѪҺҾʹˣǿԽ׸пһ䡣
ʱڰܹװѪҺƿӣȫװ֮Ѫ
Ȼ߶ѾװˣôʣµľͿԽˡ
ȻײԳ棬ܻȥЩ
ܻЩڲԶȥֻɡ
ף
ܻͷ漴ʹӻóһֽ
磬򵥵ĸ·ֽ֮һ
Ϊнܹй©ƵܣԲ򲻵ѵ£ǲᱻ˷ֵ£ܻԲýͨ
ҶãҲʱ뿪ɣԺαװǴɸϹ
ã
ǵȻҲܹҪǴĻ϶ûа취ЩͣҲ˵ע⡣

ŰСʱңܻڴһȺƬʬǰ
λɨһսɣƽΪʳˣʳ
ܻһ˵һĵĻ
öʬ壬ЩǶɱ𣿡ܻ˵֮һݵĿܻ𣬵һ䡣
ң׻ʶ칬һԱ
ʱͨͶ򴫵ֳܵԱڸͰѴļƻǣǲɫ֧ܻ
ڣ칬Աó
칬ԱױȽεģһǽˮ£һ
ĸûˣô칬ԱܻҲǳķˡ
ֻǼ˸˶ѣҷЩ֮󣬾һֱעǵ٣ûɽ֮ϡ˭쾹Ȼͬ˵ʥ֮ԣЩ壬ұҵʥɱǡܻһ˵ţһ߽ʥֳ˳
ʥֳķ֮ûд֣Χ֪һʥǡͶ򴫡
ֳͨϢǿȷⱾʥ飬Ҹ֮ǰٻĻɽϢơ
һҲûлܻݡ
һɵģǲŸһʳڣ˸˵ܻһֱԲûг֡
ע⣬ͷӵѪͳҲ˵ѪҺѪīˮԴҸϿռȥɡ
ѪīˮǿһīˮֵǧöңһмеĴڡ
ˣϿȥ
ҲҪ
ܻһ˵꣬ڶʼóīƿȻīˮ֮ѪװС
ȻڳҲкܶһֲûдīƿΪʹīֻ֭һС֣ϲī
ЩûдīƿжǳİգΪǴʩһʲƸ
Ҫ֪ǧ֮У֮Ѫ⣬кܶѪҺֵǮ
ܹΪãȻ޷飬ֹͨط򣬵ÿһǸÿһѪҺܹ
ǰǿᣬܹƾʹͨ
ˣǵ˵Ǵ󲹣ѪҺīˮĺòϡ
ٵļ壬רֻ޵ѪҺȻӵī

͵˴ɨսʱڰеͻȻҶʵҶãܻеʥ֮ʲô˼
ˣ
һ꣬ҶԵñɻ
ѵйأһӡûУʵҲ뵽Լйأ䣬Լʲôǵá
ʵЩ嶼ɱģڡ
ҶðɻʥӵԼɻʥӵ󡶻Ƶĳ֣ȫ׽һ顣
ȻҶѾĨȥˡƵݣֻ˵һǿʥ飬Ȿʥ鱻ʥּͬʱҲشдġ
ԼĹ֮׳Ĭ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ƭ֮ŵͷ˿Լ˫֣૵˵ΪһӡûУѵʱ𣬻ǡ
˵꣬׾ͱ۾ѰҶÿڵĽâ
ҵˣ
âȷʵн׵ڣԵ׾֮󣬺ܿҵǹɽ⡣
ɽͲڹʱ̵Χ·ӵһ㡣
ûʶʱ򣬲ͣͼʱ֮У·֪ǰȫһ㡣
ϧǣû׵ʱڲĿռ޷򿪣ͲͣΧŹʱת
ҿ㵽ʲô
ҵ֮󣬾Ͱеϡ
ˣ
ܵ׵󷽹â׵·һƬɫĿռ档
ֹ׵ˣҲʱһɽâ
ͻȻı仯Ҷöæ
ãԲܹϢɢȥ
ҶȻ֪ʲô飬׾ԲܹñӦ
ǣóˡͶ򴫡һɽٻ˳Դ˸ɽϢ
ϣҪִˡ
ЩҶҲֻܹˡ

һΣڽɫռ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬½һСʱ֮󣬽ɫռ䵭
ȥ֮׾ͷԼһĹų档
ָоһؿռ棡
ָ֪ױ㷢Լ磬Ҳռ䣬ǼǸؿռ档
Ψһͬģڵλ÷˱仯
һ׸æΧһ¡
ҶòˣҲ˵ֻһ˱͹𣿡׽˲ٷķݣûзһˣҲûҵһ顣
⵽˵ʲôĵ伮ͼҵһЩʵûһμ䡣
ãڷȥ䣬Ȼ󽫹ʱĺ˳һƨ棬ε˵°ңҲܹжϳ׷ʲô
Ƶݱ־ˣҲܹסⱾѡ
һͻȻȻش׵⡣


24 ֮
صײûȥʡ˭⡣
Է˵Ļ϶Լ˵ġ
Է˵ĻôҪҲûá
׸ɴһͨѣҿʼ
ԭⱾ飬ⱾһֵĻֻܡ
Ŷֿܣ
Ǹôһ˵ҲһȤ
ȻҶԡƵ֪ǷǳҲ֪һʥ飬֮ʺ֮ĳ֣һֿܾǲطϿɣֻΪһͨ鼮ǣⱾ鼮ɵӦòһ֣ǵڶ
˵ͻȻͣƬ̡
ԺŽ˵ڶõطϿɣ˳ɾʥԲٻ¡ǣҲⱾ鼮Ȼɾʥ飬Ϊطûдʥ֮Ǹôһ⣬Ҵ
׵Ļڲ⣬ʵȴǶǸѯʣϣǸܹһ͡
Ҳûʧ׵Ļ֮󣬱˵鲻ʥ顣
Ȼûгɾʥ飬⵹ǳҵϡʶľΪƵɾ顣
ʧ䣬鼮Ȼʥ飬ȴԽʥ顣ٶȴ
Խʥ飬Ѳɾ飿
֮ҲǼ
ǺεȴڣǿԶʱڶΪ鼮
ΪҪǣڵʥƬƶɵġ
һʥܹѹˣôҪǳһĻͿһͳˡ
û˵Ϊ飬ȻԽʥ飬黹һľ룬Ŀǰֻܹǰ֮顣
֮飬飿
ײûΪƵûгΪʧ䣬֮ҲűߣֻҪȼ飬ôܾԲС
Ȿκ飬һ֮·ĺܶණȫ޷ɾ顣֪Ķܶ࣬ȻáƵɾ顣
ϵȫ鷳ˡü˼
ڣѾеļѹȥ
Ƶ漰֪ܶʶšСԡŹȵȣЩ֪ʶ鼮дһƶɾʥ飬İ֮顣Щǵġ
Ȼ֪Щľ̫Сˣ֪Ҳ޷д
е㻳ɾԼɾʥߣֻҲ޷Ƕд
ΪЩ鼮̫ˣ̺ĵҲ̫ˣһָоǾһЩ鼮ؽ췭ظ
˵׻ǲ֪Լõʲôô
λǰһһǲ⡣׹ǰ֪Էţֻ˳ƺ
˵ɡ
ǰȻд˱ʥ黹ǿİ֮飬ΪҲûеõκεĺôҲһǸһʥ֮Ҳð
׵ҪĲǺܸߣֻҪһԼʵ
벻Ҳˣѵ̰֮ľôǿ𣿡̾Ϣһ䣬·еʧ
ǴĻУȴ֪һ鱨Ǿˡ
ҲʥߣҲˣģУ塢Сֱ׳˵
ĽҪǿֻԼûзֶѡ
ûиȥ磬ǸĽѾˡ
𣿿ʲôûиоֱþһԼ壬ûзκα仯
Ĭдİ֮飬ͻµķ֡
лǰָ㣡
ôһ˵ױͷȻĬ𡶻ƵĿƪ
ִ֮֮Уӣ
䣡
һʱؿռ䶼ƾһס
ڵƬƹųУɢ߲ʹâ
߲ʹâһ֣ϳǶԵۼһɾĸо
ڴͬʱһ߲֮۵׵ϣγһλɫʵ鼮
Ȿ鼮ǡƵֻõġƵһͨ۳黯鼮ǡƵԭ
оȻڸգǽҵ鼮֮ǣиҵİ֮ʲôϵΪҵ鼮УҡƵԭ
õ鼮˵еʡ
Ƶԭ־ϣȻԭߣǱⱾشʵģⱾҲϢ鼮ֵĴ͸ȽܣѡһĻ϶Ըڷ֮С
ȻҲⱾ֮һֻҪȥĻͻߡ㲻ȥֻǰĬݣҲһ
неһʡ
֪
ԭ֮жôһơ
ʵĻü򵥵һͣǾⱾ֮鲻״һ𣬵ֻҪҪĻҲߡ
ЩĵطϿռģֵطĻ޷ٻ֮齵١
һ㲢Ǻܺá
֪֮ˣʲôϵ׿ΧĳУһ䡣
ڣԭѾ˳У߲֮ļӳ֮Ѿָ֮ԭװ
Ȼ֮һûлָ꣬Ҳóһǳ޴󡢻Ի͵ĳС
ԭиûκιϵİ֮ҲûκιϵҪǱָ֮ԾͰǿ˹
һ˵꣬׶ʱͰһȻ
ʵ˵ô໰֪Ŀģ̬ôãĿĿ϶С
İ֮ڣӵһϵϵ壬ͬҲ塢壬ҪǶҲãһѾ޴ĴۣǱ֮һɲǣֳһУӶȡϵ
Ӱ˵仰ʱƬѾ׻ָϡ
ǰֶΣǰȻİ֮飬ôͰⱾ鼮͸ǰΣֻϣǰܹŹ¡
飬һǰѳԽİ֮ͳȥ
û˻š
ʵϣȴǳϣܹ
Ҫ֪ȻܹԼע뵽ִʵİ֮ڣôȻǿ˿Կ編Ĵڡ
ĴڶϣѾȥˣֻϣһŹԼ
𣿡·׻
ȻãֻҪϷŹңôⱾ֮ΡĻеġ
ϾƵܹΪ֮Ļôе鼮вܹﵽһ㡣


25 ֮
ѡ֮飬ʵҲڵѪ˵ѡԲ
Ȼóûͬ⣬˵ˣ֪п϶֪ʶܹٶдİ֮飬ҲԸⱾ֮顣
ױŪͿˣĲ˵ʲôˡ
㵽ʲô˼
ܼ򵥣ʵǣǷ÷֮İ֮塣
һ˵꣬׶ʱɫ䣬Ȼ˷ܵʵ֮壬˵ǰ֮壿
û֮ǰ֮Ľȥܣͻᷢϵ仯
ʱ˿̣ڸĽʲôˡ
ԭ֮ĽǰճֱӱطͰ֮˰֮塣
񣬾ģ
Դӱݵռ֮ȻпԼš̼ȴһֱ
ڣɱЩ֧ţһֱûľġ
ûľģȻҲ޷ܵԼı仯
Ƭ̡
ûн뵽ľ״̬е㽹
ʱͻȻ˵Ҫżҵ۾
۾
״ʼնûпˣȻҲ͸۾ˣе㲻˼
ûȶãͻȻеһԼ漴תͷ
۾
عͷ֮׶ʱͿһ˫ر۾
֮˵˫۾رΪ˫۾֮Уƽڼŵףڿ˫۾֮ƽ
׷ֻܹ˫۾ıӡ٣׸ġ
ͬ˶뵽˵һ
ʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС
ȥİ֮塣ͨ۾ס
ģ׵ƽҺܿ뵽뾲״̬
о𣿡
оˣ·ľΧҷ裬ɢŰɫ͹âȻС޴ڡ
֮ǸоǰһڣͻȻ˸һƬڰ׽Ŀռ֮С
ЩͣҵװעڹʱǾȻ׿£
ȻٶȺֻҪһֱעǣǾͻ׿£
ɸоЩɫĹ㶼ҾȻܹܵ
ûãЩʲôˣͬʱҲּ
һ׶ʱ˳Ǹ״̬
۾ҲʧˣʣµֻкΰĳУԼס
ҸܵղҾȻܵ˵ⷽ棬ֻܹܹͨӦôͻȻ͸Ӧˡ
ײܹΪܹܵʹ翪ʱ
ܹдϴΪ֮
һУΪ޷ֻܹܵ鼮ۼԴ˴ﵽЧ
ȴӦһǰܹþȥЩ
һеһУ֤࣬Ǿӵи֪ϣ
ҪС֣㲢һֻ֪࣬ԴԶս֮ǵһѡ
Ȼһ㶼𾪣·֪˻һ㡣
֮壡νİ֮𣬿ҹͨ
֮ĺôȻֹһˣ׺֮⣬֮廹źܶĺô֮ǰ֮ģһ˰֮飬ôҲָ֮ͨ
˵棬֮ǰ᲻÷ʵ˵ľ֮塣
֮˵ǿԷģ֮壬Ҫϸ˼һˡ
ӵа֮͵ڴдšСޱȣܹĻ˵С˵еߣü㲻ʹҲܹͨܡ
׵תӵа֮ĺô
֪棬ͨ
磺ٹȲʳݶȣɱУɱȵȡ
Щͨǳãһǿ
޷ֻ޾ֻ飬ôⱲӻƾܹӵкܳǵСޱȣһʧȥıôʲôǡ
ҪߵĻôǿᣬþ϶Ϊһ۳Ԫ
ԪһҲɿԴܹ
Ҫһ㣬ǾԪ͵Ǿ棬ֻҪӵԪ֧֣׾Ϳд¸顣
ЩǰȻ֪ȥ룬ΪԪ񣬻Ҫܹ֪С
˵ĸ֪Ȼǿȥ֪ˣȻȻĸ֪塢ĸ֪
ϧǣ޷һ㡣
ڲͬˣѾܹӦĴڡ
ԣֻҪҵķţͿԳȥԼķѾתΪԪ
ֻҪһ㣬ôͻ뵽һµʱǻΪʱͷˡ
ѡĻͰⱾȨͰ֮תɣһҾͱ֤ȥ㡣
Ļһ˵꣬һ֪ʲôֶΣٻ׵ǰ
ʲô飬ôǡ
ֺ󣬾һ龯Ŀܡ
֮󣬶ʱһϲɫǰҪѯһ⵽
ϧĻû˵꣬׾ͶԴһȭȥ
ǸˣҲܷ֮壡
ջ˾֮塣
Ϊȷһд֮󣬻᲻Ҳõ֮塣
õĻãһòأԼԼǰ;
Ҿ֪᲻ãȻѡô˾ûˡ
ȵȡ
һ˵꣬Ǹձץͱըһ̲࣬Ȼ󽥽ΰĳиɵˣɵһëһѪҺû˷ѡ
ô᣿һ˵ĳУ
ײŵĿǰľϣǸΪԼһһгԵ
ǣκ飬תΪͨطָס
ǣ֮ϵĳǡ
˰Ե֣߹Ҳôȡ
Ϊⷽģֽ죬죬Xʲôģ˵ûд¡
˭ȡX졢X졢Xս졢X֣ôԾԼ
Ȼȡǣֲлᱻٵ׼һ䡣
Ȼ̬ȺܺãҲشܶ⣬ǰѲҪ׵ͼ
ǵʷûбҪ֪
һ㶼׵̬ȣҲûи׽ǵ͹ȥ


26 ŵĳ
Ȼǵ飬ô׾ֻˡ
ðɣôʲô壬ʲôĴڡ
׶Ȼܺ棬˸Ӻ档
ǿ壬Զʱ֮ʱࡢ塢壬ƺΪ顣
˵ʱڵĳж·Ϊ顯ֶԺ
ƾõʷȻĩˣ޷ǿ
ʷļ֮УͳˡסĴڡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊδ󲿷ֶ䣬ھֻһʥ֪顣
ͨˣ֪ϻ顣
ôأ
֪˶Է֮󣬾ֶݸȤ
ҵ㲻֪·𲢲Ը֪ĳƺţȻԷطܹ⣬ԶʱҲǼĴڡ
ôϣʲô
ԷǿиԼİ֮齨ϵֻΪ죬شһ׵⡣
׶ԷĿģĿǰҪ顣
Ҫѣɾʥ֮ǰﲻҡԣҪŬĻȥȡճΪʥߡɾʥ֮ʱһҪ飬ͬʱҲܡ
˵ڵ߲ʹâѸٻ
ˣ
߲ʹâ۳һģӰӰΧתȦ˵Ҫ뿪ˣߺ໹ʮ죬ʮ֮ռ佫ֱ߽⣬ڵԣҪʮڲ뿪Ļضڿռ֮С
߲ʹâ˵һ䣬һû뵽ϵġƵ֮ڣⱾ֮㡮顯һӱը
䣡䣡
õİ֮ʧٶȲһεĲйɣһڱĸо
ϢˣӦ뿪ˣ
׵Ǹʧ֮һ
صʥλϣоŵļλ飬ӦֻǲѣϾҪôǿ󣬿ͳռˣαҵİ֮롣侲ķص
Ǹ˵Ҫ뿪֮ʱ׾ͲµؿռʵòǾΣΡ
벻ؿռ侹ȻһΣһרǸģҾȻΣǸ˳ȥ²֪Ҫӱˡ뵽ʱǱ㸡ֳһ˿Ц
ˣ˾̫ҲûãĿǰûгɾʥߵĻǸҲҵҡԻᣬȰռڵס嶼ɵ
׺Ҹطס壬Ķ
ǣѾȥһʱ⣬ڰеĿȨҰɣһʱﱥһ١
׶ſдһ䣬⻰˵ġ
ӸղѪ׾֪ǻ۵ġ
ټϣǸ֮ͨӵһ˿ϵҲ͵׸һϵаɱסͷ
䣡
ȻȻײŸһ˵꣬ǵĵͿٲǰһ״ĴأͻȻѿһѷ졣
ѷһ֣һӵƯ˳
ĵͼлл
׽򿪣ϿһͼС
װѾڵͼʱԺлһĵͼ
ֻҪ׵ͷһͿʱԼͶӰǵκһط
ָо£ͷͬһ㡣
ԭؿռ侹Ȼǣֻǻķ̫ʱ䣬ԲŻԵúǻҳôľ
Ϥһµͼʹ÷֮󣬱㽫ڵһ¡
Ǻܴʮô󣬶ڵĵطڵĺĵش
һ׺ע⣬ǾǵıԵ֡
Щ׻ʶֻҪһŲĿ⣬ͻǸֵ״
˹飬׻ǵһ
ǸڲǺǿǰǿԲʥߣȻҲֻڵСƬڻָԭ״ˡ
ͨͼ׿õ󲿷ֵĿռ䣬֮ǰ״ֻ̬ⷽԲһڵĵطӵнݡ
Щνˣʮ֮ͻָ˵û塣
ղǸֱӰǰõľͼȻܹôӦҲ
׶ŵͼһС漴ʶͶӰһ֮С
ͶӰ޵Ĵڣ׹ȥ֮󣬸ûκ˿õ
ʵɣ
һױһָͼһ߲ʹâ
߲ʹâһֱû뵽Ǹױڡ
֮׶һץͰױץ뵽Լǰ
ô£ôˣ
ױԼڵĻ仯ʱȻҲǷǳ𾪡
࣬ɱ
׺ֱӴһͬʱһѪȻһͳ׳ȥ
ЩרѪǻѪҺĳֻ֮Ҫ֮ﵽһزɢĹܡ
սʱȶһѪһٻͨܵӰ졣
ѪҺһĵزôܵӰ졣
ϧʽͨ˵Թãôľ֮£ͨ϶ҲС
κײֻͨǶһ㣬漴һֻƾճı
ӲգֻһͨĺӣԸһױѾ㹻ˡ
һǶĺһȥ
飡
ܵӵһʱ˵֮ϣͬʱһɫֱ˳ıǿף뵽ڡ
ᣡ
ǵȻ׵ʥˡ

ױܵԼѸź󣬴ĺϧò׵ͬ顣
봫ͳֵĵطԶĺҲûκ塢õ
ױΨһģֻζ
ǣܹɵʣȻŵһ٣Ҿһʣµȫ㡣
ױ˵Ӧܹ۳ö컯
ײŸ۳һöһͷ­øǡ
׵󣬻Ĳ˼¡
漴ѿһӣȥ
ȻѾһѪ⣬ǵٶȿʱôһ𾪡
һŵĳУһܹѪĳУĻƶš


27 ıս
ײŹλɱסĻᣬϾڶɱһôԺסžͻһ㡣
ɱֹɱž
֪һĶ߹ڵôסľԲ
ԣҪǶɱһЩţô˵׬ˡ
ǽƾԼһһһΣɱ٣
Уǵı仯Ѿ˸֪ˣ˵˰֮ݺ󣬿²ס嶼㳷ˣΪ˲뿪ױҪ취
ǣҵľСһֻܹһҵľԣһҲ£ʮѣܲ취һЩ󶯾Щ塢嶼
ղŵʵ飬ȷ顣
һǾͨͼȷʵ԰ǿд
ľ׾ûмõͼȥЩסĸ֡
ڶǾǵҲֻܹСƬ뿪ЩָĽͲܹסѪ⡣
ˣ׾뵽ȻԼ޷ס嶼ôֻҪǳ˾޴ı仯ס嶼ۼͺá
ʱ׿ǵܻЩһٴɱסš
䣡
׵뷨֮󣬶ʱȵĲһ¡
һβȺܴվڵϵǸо˵һ㡣
ϣһ²ͻ˵ע⡣
ð⣬ʼҪζԸס塣
Ҫ֪ղһβڵĽΪģطȻҲСֻҪϸ˵ȥ飬ͱضҵ
䣡
͵˼ʱ򣬵־ҵĲһ¡
һεĲҪ֮ǰĻ󣬶⻹û꣡
ΡĴΡ
ͣļӴŽ࣬ҵĲ֮£涼˺һ޴Ŀӡ
ȵȣƬÿһ£涼߳Ѳ
ױΪҪ𶯣ˡסע⣬ףԭֻǸЧǵĿƬ
ֻҪһͻΪ۵ĵطʱס嶼ٶȸϹ
һĴģսͱضᱬ
սľʱǾͿս֮´һˡ
飡
ʮεĲ֮󣬽ڴӵڳˡ
һգΪƬռĽ㡣

Ǳߡ
ɵĳУʱӾ档
ȫнǵٶ죬һǿԷɣԱضҪһʱռС
дʥӡʥʹѾ˴󲿷ֵ壬֮󣬾һͬųзȥ

Ǳߡ
ͬǱ׷Ǹ£ԴһҪǰõǸС
壡
ҲʾһʥӻǾ仰ĺ˳
һ֮£Զ嶼һ䡣

Ǳߡ
ڴӵܣûоʲôսԵһۿеʱ򣬶ͣ˽Ų𾪵Ŀ
쿴ǱͻȻһУ
úΰĳУ֮ԶܹܵɢϢ
ΪƬռ֮лһУѲ滹ԭס񣿡
᲻ԭסõʱӣ
ǲǣضΣȥ
ɢڸصڶݵ֮󣬱ΧˣСųڵĵط
Ƭؿռ֮ڣȷʵԵЩСǲĿŵȻһָҪˡ
ͬʱܻŶӣȻҲһ
ˣǱ߳һУǷھͳ
ˣסٶȶǿ죬ǿ϶Ⱥ󵽴ǸУΪǲ̫żнһǳִɱǡ
ܻû˵꣬вĽ飬뵽ܻС
ʱദܻĻƺѾÿһС
ҪһĳƺǱģܻҲϲƺš
ˣһסʮ򣬻߳ʮһȻҲ٣ʵϲܴҽǰǰͬʱձ׳ǵĶ顣
Ҳͬ۵㣡һΣҲ٣һֿѾѣֻҪҵĻͬʱϻʥݣذ¡
ʱװܻۼҲͰ˰ٶѡ
ؿռ֮У˰ٶȻҲһɲСʵ칬ĳԱ֮⣬󲿷Ա֮ûС
սĻٵĻûʲôһͬôʤʾɶ
УܻѾʶʥӵɻʥַʤĹ칥ʥӵǿܻס忪ս
벶ȸںǿԵȸҲҪСĻȸûˣϾ
ܻջ˵˵Ҳôġ
Ļû˵꣬ͷԼϡֳһ΢Ĳ
ͣ˵æ鼮
ܻؿռǣԶĳУѾҿƣԷĵĴһսʤס塣
ʥֳ֮׵ĻͳܻС
֮⣬칬ԱҲܵʥֳı仯
еʥԱóʥ飬ֻܹװ֪ȴܻľ
ǿֶΣǻ֪ռ֪ռж£۶Ѿ֪ռ֣õռĿȨǸ֮ϵĳҲնֶδ̫˼ˡ
ܻͻȻ֮һ˿η塣
ʵֹܻ𣬾лῴ״칬ԱҲ׳˾η
ˣôˣ
һܻȽϽˣܻɫǾһ䡣
û£ֻΪӦöأסǿΣܹ飬ȻҲܹᣬ濹ⶼҵĻʲô飬ɴؼҺ庢Ӻˡ
׵鱨ܻеĹ˼Ѿȫ
׼ȻѾռ䣬ôͿԸָܻ·԰ס壬嶼ܻ
ĻֻҪܻ𻨷һЩʱ䣬ͱضѿ԰嶼ۼ
ǾۼֻһСһСɵļס壬ôӮʤõ
סѾ׻
ˣǡ
ܻ˵꣬һվǴԷ˼֪ܻ𱳺׵Ĵڡ
ûпǣѾ
ܻ𶼲˵꣬ʹĻ


28 ˮ
׵ܣܻ㽫еʥֳ߸߾˵Ըһ·ǰɨƽһ赲ȥ·塢壬һ·ܻᾣأܻˣܻս˭η뿪Ҳǡ
ܻĻһ˵꣬Ѫȼˡ
ǴԸһͬȥסһϸ¡
ҲҲԸһͬǰ
ùҵȷʵ˾ģȻôҴ׵۹Ȼܹˡ
վԽԽ࣬ѪȫЩҪ˳Ҳֻܹܻһͬǰ
鵽ز˭Ҫ˳Ļ˭ͻᱻ˿
Щ󲿷ֶ໥ܹҪһ˳ĻԼᶪˣԼļ嶪ˣǻԼĹҶˡ
Ҫܻһûʱ˳뿪ǣҲûл뵽Ժ
ܹɾһˣҲܹһˣЩûѡ
ܺãȻҶԸס忹⣬ôھͳһҵʥ̽·
ܻһ˵꣬ʮԣʼܻ̽·
ȻʮֻһӣΪʱѾ·ߣݵʥֳ档
ʥԭֳݣһֻһСܻҲǸţȻûйĿı죬Ǽ¼һǸӵ·߻ܹġ
οҲһֱõͼ۲ǣܻߴĻҲԼʱѡ
㣬֮ײڽ뵽˹켣֮С

Сʱ
ߣҸߣǰһٶ˵顣
ܻ׵ָ֮£ҵ˵һ塣
岻Ǻܶ࣬ȴܻĶ鳬λﵽһǧϡ
һʼųеķߣԴ˶ס壬ܻȰ˵֮£Լʥֳ֮£ѡ˸ܻȥս
ҿǰһͬ
ûãܻҵ˵ڶ
٣ҲʮѣܻҪľƣѳҲν
ſ֮ԽԽܻԽԽࡣ
ģܻĶʹﵽ˿ɹ۵ǧˡ
ǧһʼܻ𶼲ǺŷвԼ飬۲Χ
ǣÿζܻһҵλú
Ļʶܻǿܶ࣬һǱǿϺܶࡣ
˵ܻ˵ĸоƿȫһ㣬֪
Ҫһ㣬Ǿһ·ǾȻһ塢嶼ûײ
һСʱûɺϣСʱûҲɺϣô춼ûĻ;Բɺôˡ
̽ͨǿȻܹܿеס壬Ȼ£
ֹˣûһŵɫû𣬶ʱʱĻڴҲ˵Խսаա
й۲ı飬ı˵һֱڴҲ˵ǿţܹסһսһ˼١
Ȼۼһ𣬵Ƚϴʼй۲ܻıԴжܻǷš
Ͼô棬ɲѪһڣʲô˵ĳȥܻ
Ҫ֪ÿһĿ棬һЩԴ
ЩܹӴӱԲǷ֮ҲǼ仰ܹ˵ġ
ܻı飬Լһ·ı֣ȴЩʼŷˡ
۲죬עÿһֻҪȷܻǣôһΡ
ãһܹʤô֤ܻ˲ţһʥߺ̨˲ţ˲ֵ£
˵£ˣֻҪܹʤôγȥҾ͵СܣȥĸԺҾȥĸԺ
Щһ˵ַ꣬ɢһ߹۲ܻһ߸ŴҸ·
ɢԶڳ֮ϵײɵЦһ
ܻƢƣȻȽʺϵ쵼ߡңֵΣԼŮû޵Ըƽһǰƹɹˡ
һֱ۲ܻĶ飬ȻҲЩ۵
ڸղţ׻԰ͶӰȥЩĶԻ
ǰߵĻܻһŶǧ˵ǸĶģԺǸйģҪձĶ飬ֻսʵˡ
һֱõͼעı仯ܻĶ鼴ܻۼĶʱױһʮͨʱ뿪֮ǡ
һΣĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿȥһ飬ȥ򳿵Ķ
֮ʱܻڡɡ֣ȻһټǸĶ顣
һܻ֧飬ͳ˼˶ʵĶ飬Ȼ򳿵Ķ飬뵽ںϵܻĶ֮УͲж˷ˡ
뷨׾ٶȣǶ岻Զ
֮ԼΪһ֧ӥɵǶһǧٸϷ
ھϿյʱֱӶȺһڿˮ򳿵Ķȥ
Ȼƣɱ
ɱҪˡ
Ǹ߹壬ЩѰ·
ǼӥԼȻϷŹӥˡ
ϧǡӥɵ̫ˣƴȫ׷ҲֻԶԶܹһӰ
ˣԣ׵ǣǻӥʱʱĻҪȵǣȻǿϣּ֮ܡ
֮ҲͲټȥ׷ˡ
йŹ֣Ǹӥ·ǹģСΧ
һνҲ٣þ裬ͷ̽ΧעⱣҡ
ֻСӵڲ˲ԣʹΧ
͸һ׺е廹ԳǴ֮ӣôظ֪Χ״ǿ
֮Ǹ۾
ǰһȺ࣬٣ŶǧңǸĺܣȥǡ
Ȼ˼ˣܹӮĶ顣
Ϊÿһ嶼ǴСս󣬿󲿷ֶڶ飬ٵǻûоʲô顣
Ϊһ㣬ʱѰǸɶġӥѡ֧
ߣÿɱʮ壬ܹ޹һƵͼĴʱ
ǧҪǶոһƷˡ
ɱ壡
֮˲ǸϾǴСͲǣֻ֪ɱ¾壬ԸȵĻȷʵԵе㡮
е嶼ÿһ䣬˼ͲŲ١


29 м
֧˵֮Ҳ˵ϵˣȻһðȥ򳿵Ķ顣
״ʱѾԶٻһݴɽõͼͶӰǵĴ㡣
ֱȷҪ򳿵Ķ󣬾͸æϢԼ򳿶λøܻ
ܻõ׵ϢϸֳһĨǳԵЦݡ
һЦȻ˲ע⡣
ЩעǸܻһֵõ˺Ϣ
λǵĲԶһǧҵֻҪں֧飬ǵͻﵽһɹ۵ĵزܻһʱ򳿶˵˳
ǧ˵Ķ飬ôֵģΪȥȥ޶ûи֪
ʥߣҪҵļҲϰʥӡҵĻҲܹһ㡣
Ӧû˲˰ɣǧ˵Ķ鰴˵׾ܹ֪Ƕûз֣˵ԷóϢǧˣֻлһ˸֪֤ǿ󡣡
ܻһ˵꣬ȻٵܸˣҲһơ
ЩеƵȻЩҸоãΪԼܻˡ
һһϢǰһһǧҵ飬֧ȥ巢ǵ٣಻ᳬһСʱǾͻܻһ˵⻰һ߿ʥֳ
һʥ۲Ĵʵֻڶ״ݹϢѡ
ս廹ǿһץĻǵ΢һ㣬ҲѻʤңǻʤҲҪһ롣һõܻ鱨æڵƷһ¡
ĺеʵҲˡ
£֧ضҰܣȻѾ֪ǵλãֻҪ֧Ļ൱ǧһǧ壬һ֧ذܡ
ԣսȷʵǿֻҪռϵƣȻԶ̹ôҪѡ
ʲôȥ֧ԮǣԲܹȺ˱
ձ֧飬Ǿ͵ǧˡ
ܻ˵֮󣬴󲿷ϣʤˡ
Ҫ֪Űʱ䣬ܻĶѾӰ˰ӵǧϾҪͻǧǿ˶ܻġ
˵ĲͬΣգǼȻ֪һ㣬ôҪȻڽŽܻҲһ뷨ˡ
ԷŶǧΪ˾ЩΪΪԼܻ𶼻ȥЩ
ˣһ£ȫǰҪٶȸϹȥ֧Ԯ
Ǵص۹ҵķ־УҪΪ˼ӳǷҵķ֮ԴǧҪֿ
ܻ´һӵóһ˽׵ӡǧңһ˶ӳ˷֮
֮к֣ܶ󲿷ֶ΢Ľٶӡ
ǣ־еķ֮ǿϾλ
Եķ֮ó󣬴ҵƶٶȶõ屶ϵļӳɡ
ܺãߣ
ܻԼٶҲõӳɺ󣬱㿪ʼһͬ׸·ȥ
ж֮ʱԶǰĿ⿴Ǹз־зҵӡ
ص۹ķҺܳǷӵĵӣôͷ¶棬ֻС»ųȥͿˡ
뵽Ǿ¶һ˿Цݣǣ־ڽǾͱڷҵĵλǺܸߣԲܻעõܻĺøС
Ҳõĵӣ󲿷ֶûû̫ĹУҵӾ£Ķ
־гɹ׵ע⣬װаòסֻҪһлͻӴ
תƵ򳿵Ķ棬ʼǵһһ
Ƭ֮ڷһЩԾ
֣Ǹ򳿵Ķ˷Ķ飬ȫ뿪
׻ǵ͹ԺҪ֪Ҳʥ飬ǸԶûб¶ʥ£ۼ˼ǧɴ˿ɼǵֶҪܻǿϲ١
ҲãٶҪϲ٣򳿵ĶûܹҼ٣ԼǼӿٶȣٹһʱʱҪ׷ϡ
õͼ۲֧ͬʱǴʱ䡣
Уźܶı仯
磬ĵ·вɢ壬ЩȺ忿ǺܽȻǸӦĴڡ
ҪǵǸӦ֮󣬹Ҳˡ
Ϊ˲Щװױ㰵ٻ˽ƣȻ仯Ϊһͨ壬ԼܻˣǶ㿪·ߣȥѰܻĶ顣
ٶ죬ʥ֮ԦĻⷽռٶˡ
ŽƵİԼ׵ѣЩǰܿ·ߡ
ȻڼҲһЩ䵥ס塣
Щ䵥ĶԴģ࣬Ͷ˳ָˡ
һջ˲ٵ컯

ͬʱпƵĶ飬Ҳ֧Ķ׷ˡ
ɶʥӡڸסϢЩ嵽ôǵġڶ֮УＫơ
ԺľӢһǱؼ
һƾ˵ڶ塢忹⡣
ǺԺھ֮󣬾;ɢ£
ǵķܼ򵥣һ˸һƬĻٶ졣
ǣΪ˲ΪסдɱĶûбԼݣǸһһˣټ
ھҪԺϣȻһͬǧ֮ǱߣȥѰʱӺۼġ
˭֪ǲŸһ·̣ͱĶˡ
ˣȥ಻һСʱͻᱻĶ׷ϣҪˡ
ʥź壬Ҳ֪Ŷ೤ʱܹ׷
ˣھͷȣϣǱһ뵽󣬱óѶķ飬д洫˳ȥ
֮㿪ʼѰսΣ׼Щһɱ
ȻηɱҪܴһҲÿԽѡţȻⳡսȥ˵Ķ顣
⣬Ҳûа취
ϣǲҪңҲΪδ
뷨˼Ӻ󣬱öԪͣͬʱǸԸȥڶʼ鲼øԼ
սʱҪгֵ׼ʱ䣬ôӳҪʱսʮ


30 ֶ
ֻҪ㹻ʱȥ׼ǼսҲûͬ塣
Ǵ󲿷ֵսס嶼׼ʱ䡣
򳿵ѡûдϾͣ½ŲĻȻöԷ׷ʱһСʱ̵СʱңҲ˰СʱĲʱ䡣
ҪЩרҵսûܹʽѵǻƾʱ׼ܹóԴ˶ԿĶ顣
ע⣬ѾѵԮˣǵ٣ֻҪְСʱľͻЩ塣ѡλ֮ѡǸΧһ
Ȼô˵ʵɺϾǲ֪ʥߣġ
ǿǶۼ֤˵ֻһǧĻЩģһǧٸĻ˵ˡ
ˣˣ
Ӻ󣬴屼ܵȴݵڶĶС
СģǾҪˡ
óǵʿսҲҪһ
ǾԲֻܹҪȥĻһԮ
֧䣬ԼϹ֧˵һЩƵĻ֪Խ˵ȥҾԽ
Ϊ˭֪˫սʱһ󲿷֣ЩڿǵľǸ᲻Լ

ԶŶ鿿򳿵ĶʱǱ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
΢࣬Ϊǲ֪ͣ÷𣬼Ȼԭزôôǰɡ
뵽ͣ˽ŲȻʼԼѪڵϿӡһЩصķš
ʥʹףҪѪ֮бҪһ𣿡
ǧֻҪȥܹȫɱʥʹ׺α˷
ǰЩûоսϴֻĻѣ׼ʱҲǵĶ֡
Ķǿͨ
Ҳûа취飬Ϊڳɳڵʱر
ȻЩɳǿеĴѧʿƾһܹ֮һ֧飬ѧϰ׶ε塢жһ
˵ǼǸʥʹȻѪ֮ôԶŵ׼ʽΪеС
ͨȺĳƺҲðмǵףԼԺľӢ򳿣֪쾹Ȼһʥʹ
ʥʹʥߵʹߣʥǰĴڡ
˻ʥߵͽܣԲʥߵͽܲܴһʥʹʥߵͽܡ
ΪǶǾսĴڡ
Ҫһ㣬ǾǷǽؿռʥʹԷΪģǾ൱򳿵
ֻϧͳĶ̫ˣȻҲô
Ⱥȷʵ֮һʥ飬Ǹʥ黹̽Ĺܣͼǵһһʥʹһ˵ţһ߰Ŀת˲Զһʦϡ
ȥ
ȻǸʦ˲䣬Ѫӵ漤ֱû뵽Ǹʦڡ
ѪʦںǸʦһ˿ʡ
ͬʱǸʦȻԵģʦ˵ˣʥʹ
ӵȻʥ塣ʥʹͬԻش򳿡
ûʦˣԺ򳿡
Ѿҵ˾ԮӾͻ֧鵽ȥл·սǱضȫԱ𡣡ʵѡֱӷʦ壬ûôʥʹв
Ļ˵ھǴԲѡϧʥʹ򳿵Ļ
Ų㣬׷ҵĶ飬һһʥʱܱô֮ǻɱ㡣Ŀʥʹ
һκ档
塢嶼ǳɵʥߣҲ̳ͬסʥʹʥӡ
һ˵滰ֻҪʥʹ׷ȥôḶʹĴۣҲҪɱʥʹ
һʥʹļֵҪ֧ǿöࡣ
ʥʹȻó򳿺棬Ҳη壬ΪԷΪⷽռʱѾ֮ˡ
ΪһʥʹľҪûⷬĻҲ
򳿵뷨һֻҪһлᣬҲԻƴһлɱ򳿡
һ򳿾һƣΪڰеģʥʹ֪򳿵ò
ֻͷ¶β࣬һۿЩһǳߣûκΰ취
ʥʹ˵һ䣬漴ΧһʦʹһǸʦһȭ˱򳿿Ƶ塣
ʥʹף벻ԷȻʥߣô죿
ȻԷʥߣôԮӦģʮҲţ¶ʮӣСʱ
򳿵Ļ֮󣬶ʱмʦվ˳
ʵЩҲЩѹ
ô˵ǱҲǧҪǲһеľɱʥʹʥʹĵ
ʲôҪɱһǸʥ߾ͱҪʥһʥͻᱩ¶ݣҪˣǱȥҡҪ᲻øͬھôǾ¾Щ
ֻ֮Ҫ֧ԮսôʧصıȻǡ
ʥʹһĹǡ
ĶָģʥʹͼԼѪҺЩصķš
壬һע뵽£Ҫһ˷źʥʹʱһ
һ˵꣬Ҳæ
ΰԶ棬Ϊ֮ӣȡʤ
ʥʹӦע㿪ʼص׼
ӵнͨҪôɱ֣ȴܹͨ
ҪһĻҪһѪӵʵС
һֻҪֵĻͱһǳΪʥߵʹߣԼʥߺѡˡ
һ£ֻҪǴģս֡
һҪǹʱ̣Ҳǿеʱӣ˼ӦȫʥʹʥӣҲ˳
ʥõֶΣĵơ
ʥʹ׼غܿͲ
ףף
ͬʱ˷Щͣĵš
Щܶ࣬ǳˡסȽ⣬ĺжϡ
УЩؿռڲģ硣
Ǻǿܹͨռڵķ
벻ʥʹͨ
ʥʹ޹˼ɵٻЩʱ׵ͶӰѾȻ
ԼѪҺΪӣٻٻʥ߲һ٣һǧһĲͷǳĿ͹ˡ


31 
״һʼͶȺľٶǲģ鷢չزҪڲĻһҪˡ
Ȼձһ֧飬Ȼطɱ
û취ˣȻҲֻ֣ܹˣ
һˣױ㶯ǵͼ
ɣʥʹ
׻һ䣬ͶʥʹһץֱӽʥʹץԼڵĵط
ã͵Ϯ
ʥʹܵжץסԼ󣬶ʱ뵽ǿ״̬

ȻʥʹհԼǿ͸ܵѳնԼϡ
ֻһʥʹǲ⣬ΪֻΧĽûпЩʥʹǾȡ
ǣʱһ˱ӾȣǾס
׵ĴʥʹֱóӰˣȻٰʥֲ뵽ڣû뵽ķȻ֮ǿܹƾסӰĹ
ֻƾסӰĹȻЩֻͨĳӰʥʹƤƲˣַδҲ̫ˡ
ݵľ֮׾ְѡ龭˳
֮
ɽһùȻΪֱ֦Ӵӵصͷųȥһӽԭء
̫дɽѹ
Щ֮һֱһٻ̫дɽ
ٻ̫дɽʱٻʱҶ̫࣬⵼̫дɽҲжء
һβͬˣֱʹһٻɽһǧϡ
˵ҲԴﲻ̫дɽʮ֮һΪѹȷʵˡ
Ҫ֪ǿһǧֵͻȻôһɽѹϣ¾ֱӾͻ

ʥʹס󣬵һʱǿ˺Щ֦
ʱͻȻͷϳһƬӰ
̧ͷʱͿһɽѹ
ôɽѹң̫Сˡ
ʥʹ̫дɽ֮ʱҲ𾪣ûк£һͬʱڳһȭļơ
ɣһȭɽ
ڰе׿ʥʹļƣ֪ԼСʥʹˡ
ȻôţôҾʧȥš
̫дɽ֮ʱֿٷˡ龭˿丸յһҳ
丸գ
һΣ׷Ǿ񹥻
丸Ŷؽͣģӵְ۲ĵľ񣬵Ҳ˲һֲ뷨
ڣڶ˲Ǹʥʹ̫дɽʱһֱ̫ĸо
ҾȻҪ̫ǲ̫߿Լˣ
ɣҲǶֵģֻܹˡ
丸ڡ龭ļҲ壬˵Ѿʥʹʱ򣬾Ȼϵ˳
䣡
Ǹʥʹԥ˲䣬̫дɽֱϣܵ˿丸յӰ죬ʥʹջûлӳһȭ
ʥʹûлӳһȭûü
̫дɽһ£˲ͰǸߴ壬ݺ˵ϣʥʹ뵽˵״̬
ȿȣǹɸо񹥻
ܵһػʥʹľҲָѡ
벻ҾȻȥǲİʥʹ֪Լ״̬ѾԲ׵ĶˣرĲʡ
ӱ֮׵ûпͱֱӴˣһǲʡ
ڰе࣬ҳǿΪɱҾܹ֮ӵٻ𣬹
ʥʹѾµ׵ĿģⷬǸ׼Ҳ
֮ӣδҲ̫Щˡ
ʥʹ˵ʱҲߵʥʹ󣬵ûпʥʹ
Ͼֶκǹ죬ʥʹԷΪģҹɲ뱻ķˡ
ڵϿٵӾ硢ӰС˵֪һľôʱ֮ǰܹӳԶԼĹֻҪ岻ǲӽ塣
࣬ڳˣ
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ᣡ
زڶʥ
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ǴĻٶȻǳԽǿˣԽðᡣ
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һҪɱ¾ûô˳ˣҪʥʹȫֿ£㶯õͼҲѽӶռߡ
ûѡһʼͶѡķڶᡣ
壬壬壬ڲǴġ
ֻҪʥֵܹڲĻͿԿٲǻࡣ
Ҫһ㣬ͱҪҵطȥһ±ǲ׻Ͻģ˿ھõİ취
ڣѾ̫дɽҵıˣҲ̫дɽѹţͬʱڿ񱩵״̬ʥõĹʱ䡣
ϢϢʥ֮ɵ徹Ȼʥ֮Ҳİ
ʥʹȻǸʥߵĴڣȻԷֱͨʥ֮
ңڱʵҲʥߴʥ֮
ʥ֮ʥ֮һʹ߱㱬ʥ֮һͬھģͬھҲҪףֹȥ塣
źǣ׵ĺҪǿΪҰʥ
Ƭ֮
ʥʹǸոǵʮ׵ľ޴壬ûٶȿʼ˻ȥ
ʥʹָԭСʱҲڱ˫ۣ뵽֮С
Ȼֻвһǿϧ
ȻʥɱʥߣײûеõȻʥʹղΪ˶Կףе͸֧ˡ
ף
ʥʹ˲䣬ͻȻ·кܶԼĶ߸ߺס֡
ȻʥʹûЩͣ
סֺ׾֪ʲô顣
ǣó˵ͼõͼۿǱߵ
ôߣʮ˰ɡ
һ򿪵ͼ׾ͿǸνġ֮ӡ
һбըԵ⣬Ȼźܴ׺
˵׵ı岻־ٵĻҲ׸ܵǸϢ


32 ¾֮
ֹǴأֲҲˡ
׹۲˺һ㷢ӻĶԵ𡮴֮ӡš
֮ӵõģǿ󵽿ԿɽʯͬʱȻܹȻ֮
ƾ㣬֮ҲΪ
֮ӵϢѾԽʦﵽ˴׵ľ磬ƻڽڽ
֮ױüͷаȥĻͻᳬԽ׳Ϊס
ӦǾˣӦϵǾ
ҪǸ֮Ӵﵽزǧ׶༪ˡ
Ҫһ취
صĿŴ֮ӵ˼ҪȥԸ
ܹ֮ôҲ˵ȻƽߵʵõôҲһ
ҲһĹױ뵽ӦԵķ
棬ʺһѽֵ̨뵽˷֮׵ıҲࡣ
ûʲôֳϣʺдһѽˡǱӪȡҪľһ¾֮
һˣ׾óǱʣѪīˮԼԶʮԭ
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Ϊ˼Ǿȥ飬Ϳ̿ܿࡣ
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Ϊ˼ҲǴˡ
ԣȻ㳦¾֮ͬҲŲ֮
ûһϣһѽΪʱ򣬾Ҫе߱ɱȸָ

㣬׳ֱʼ鼸ӺڰԺй㳦ļضд
д֮󣬾ȻкܶԶŵ˷׵߻
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ҪǴɱĻһ㣬ϾҪѪ⣬ꡣ
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ͺñڣͨ۵ΧĲһǧ棬ҲһǴɱµĲ
ʣµĶǴɱĲԼһЩɢĴɱԣ߳ªҵĲ
ܹ۵ߵĲÿһһ˵Ĺ¡
ñ·ǳǿᣬҲ˲
ЩϿ㳦⾳պԽԽˡȻˣôγȥ֮󣬱ضҪֽ󣬲ҽⱾӡݳȥһͬʱ૵ĶЩ˵һ䡣
ˣ
ͬһ㣬ǵ˵ͷ˲̶ͬȵĹ
ţЩֱû뵽׵棬㳦ƪµĵײ۳һɢ亮Ķ̽
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ѽ˲䣬׾̲ס֡
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һѱɱ֮ȴҪԼ֡
׶ŽƬ̣漴ĿתǰԶĵط
֮ǰǸطֻһƬյضѣ׿ʱȴһֳΡ
֮ͬһ㣬ֲۻĴڡ
֮ڹűʵΪĴֻΪһȫһ춯صһһ֮
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Ǹ֮һȭܹɽһܹأһ쫷磬һȥܹľ
ǿĴڣЩ³֮⣬κһǵһ
Ĺȥʮ⣬вܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
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زڲʥ飬ô֮Ӳʮӣܹͳͳɱ
ǵȼĲ࣬ڸ߳ȼûֶΣôЩٶ࣬ҲԵֿ֮ӵĹ
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ʥ֮ڶʱ˵ֿ֮ӹ
򳿣ҺûѡȺȻҪˡ׿һ򳿣Ҳһ
ʵҲ򳿵ͷڹ꣬ϾԺûи忹ô׻еǳʧ
ֻҪѡô׾ͻܻҴֹá
ҺһжûзȻĻһ޴Ĵ
̫ǿˣõӦʥ֮ٻģƾһľ˶Ҫ˱ᣬȫʢʱڶǶ֡Ȼӵʥ飬Ҳֻʱֵס˴֮ӵĹ
ͬʱҲȥǰ취Ϊڶ̶̵ļ棬ȥٶ
ܼȥˣһ㽫꣬ʥ֮һٻһϺԶսʿ
һӺһǾеΪڶٻһϺսʿԴȡܵʱ䡣
ֻһĻ򳿾ͻʱʧȥս
ɵ࣬Ȼץȥҵʥʹȥ
򳿲Ÿ¶ģһȴ
ȵһʱ˫ͨ죬ȻǱסˡ
Ǹһ꣬򳿾͸еһʹ


33 ѡ
֮˴󲿷ֶóƾС෽ϣŲٵľ顣
˾򳿣ҲûзԼ߾Ȼˡ
Ȼ͵Ϯˣ˵û˵Ҫ
ΪǸֻܹƵ´ģĹ̫ͻᱻ֪
һĹͺͨ
壬⣡
ǿʹһץסǸĶ䣬Ȼ󽫰һ˳ֲ뵽ڣƵ״̬
飡
󣬱Ƶ·ܵһػȻ˫۵ڵϡ
ȻҲ
򳿿Լ˿ڣгΡ
ղȻܿҪǸذ׿ɲ̣򳿵ںȻҪҲܵˡ
ڲҰγذףΪذһγ˿ھͻѪ
Ѱˣڵ״̬㶯ʥ֮еٻԶսʿȴûа취뿪
ĵ⡣
֮ǰû˵£Ҫƴȫȡһʱ䣬лߣȴԥǷҪôˡ
ҪʥӡȴУұҪȥ
ʥӡҪͲ˵ˣʥӡҲܹݻٵġ
Ҫһ㣬ǾǼʥһ뵽īӡռ棬Ѿסòһ֮˰ʬȥʥ߻ܹõʥӡ
ʱҪѡˣҪôԼʥӡЩ
ҪôʥߣЩͻΪƷ
ôѡ񣬶ḶĴۣһʱҲ֪ѡ
ѡˣҵǺôѡ
ڰе׼һã֮󣬾Ͳµ򳿵״
򳿵ƶ˵ֻҪһö컯ܹ֪򳿻ѡûڵһʱ֡
ˣƣұҪѡ񡣡ԥ˰Ӻķ㵽˼ޣۿҪ֮ơ
ͬʱ򳿻Զһ¶ΣȻʵڵȴ֮ӹǵķ󣬺ոꡣ
նʦ˵ҸסʥӡѡôֻӰԣһΰɡ˾ջǾԼԵ
˵ʼͱ֪һҪסʥӡ򳿻෴ѡ
֪һԼ뿪ⱲӶڶȹ
һҲûа취Ķ飬ҲܵӰòԻĻύЩ
һЩܹӳ죬պɾ͵ĻҲΪ˹ס
ʦԲˣ
򳿰жԼʦ˾Բ󣬾ͰʥӡóȻ䷭βҳ
Զʥ⣬սףֳͳǹһ֮ʥʮΰӢ֮һ
򳿵ʥӡ󣬾ȻһԶӢ۵ļء
ңԶӢڻΪӢ飬Ͽһʥ顣
ֻҪΪӢ飬ôֳʥʥֳӡ˰ٻ
ʥԭ֮⣬ֳӡֻܹٻͶӰͶӰֻܹӵӢ鱾
Ҹʥ֮Ļӵĵ͡
ˣס֮ӵȴ㹻ˡ
򳿣ԶŵӢԳߵľ⣬󡭡
˵ʱѾ붼ע뵽ʥ֮УֻҪ˵ȥͿٻ
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ʥ鱻ᣬ򳿵ʱ֣ͬʱҲǰһҪʥ
һƸء
׼򳿳ֻһͶĹ
ͲǿڸˣԻʡʡɣ֮׾ͰǱʥֳ˻ȥ
ڲȱʥ飬ûбҪǿһ
ղţ֮ⱾʥߣΪ˲򳿶Դ˴ʥ֮ϵѡ
˭
򳿱ΪǸαװ壬װʥ齻Լ󣬾֪׾һһ
Ҫֻ֪ҵʱ̣ʥܣûܹҵõ
ʧȥʥ飬ҪʱʥȥԺ˵ԼܵиôԵõĹ͡
ңҲ͵͵Ĺۿʥ飬ѧϰ֪ʶԼ
ֻᣬסջ󣬿ȴֱӰʥ黹֪ײͨ
װʥ黹򳿺󣬶˿ڿһۣ˵칬ˡ
칬ʲô򳿵Ȼû˵칬Աӵɻˡ
û׻ش򳿵ɫͻȻ䣺ãǸõҪͻƷˡ
ţּóʥ飬׼ٻǸΪԶӢۡ
ʡʡɣҲһԱҿɲϣôװңѾָһףȥԸǸ֮ˡ
׼򳿵Ķ󣬶ʱͷųһ齣֮ϵʥ顣
ʥأֲòȥּ˼֡
֪ףУõ徹ȻֻʥʹʥӲܹٻĴ֮ӣҲ֪֮ӵ飬ûмԸղŲûϳ
״ʱŴӡͶ򴫡ٻһ
ǵɢŨ׵ò任׵ϲ
УǰоŹԣ̫ȥΪء
˵ˣ칬ˣ֪ĶܶࡣУ㲻ʺϴ
һ˵꣬Ͷһץֱõͼ͵ǵĳ
һȥ׾ͳûγذףͬʱһ컯ӵ򳿵ϡ
Ļͷöҩ
װѵҩ֮󣬾õͼص˴֮ӵĲԶ
һˡԶʮ滹㳦˳
㳦һǸ۶ɵĴ̿ͣҲʱ׵ǰ
ȥɣɱ
һ˵ţһ߰㳦ݸ˴̿͡
̿͵ϥؽ㳦漴㻯һ˴֮ӡ
ٶޱȣƶʱûκεĶ˸оĴڡ
ֱ̿ͳڴ֮ǰʮ׵ĵطʱЩſ֮͡
˭Ҫ𣿡
û飬ֻһɢźذףѵߣ
ԺȷʵҲߣǷǳϡ٣ʱ߲ӦȥȥҲ
̿͵ĳ˲ʣҲڶΪһߡ


34 㳦ͨ
ΪУȻҲǿʥߣǵʵ̫ϡˡ
ڴУ߶ڻңԼǵ
ЩѾʶ˴֮ӵǸǱܵΪ̿
ҲһЩó̿ͺЩͬɵﲻͬȴ
ΪǸܲ̿͵Ϣֻܹôһˡ
ҵкЩʲôǡ
֮̿ǰʱ׵ķԼͻȻõ˴̿͵Ұ̿УǸ֮ӵźܶĺ㡣
͸һ·ġ
ĺ㣬Ҫ
Ҫ࣬ҲԲ˫֮ϡ
ˣ̿Ǵ֮ӵ㣬ӦòǴ̿͵ͨ㳦ͨ
̿͵Ŀ⣬㳦֮
㳦Ϊһ¾֮ͬʱҲΪһѱɱ֮ͨǿ˿ط㡣
ͨǿǳǿҲƵġ
磬ҪһķΧ֮ڲܹ㣬㶼Ҳý㡣
Զ˵һı˵Ͳˡ
ȻһѱպһбҪˡ
֪㳦֮ͨҲǸиţΪڵҲʺ㳦Ѿӵ˰֮壬ûüĿǰһͨ߶硣
ף
͵˼ǧʱ򣬴֮ҲܵԴ̿͵вŭΧд֮Լ
в۶ɵĴ֮ӣȻ˼رĻңΣյıܻ൱ĸߡ
ˣ̿ѾϢǸӦܹ̿в
ִ֮ӾȻȫ󣬶¶˲顣
˵ע֮£̿ͷǳɵĶܵ˴֮µϣһһ㳦϶Ϊһ˲嵽˴֮ӵǰ
ذĺ⣬һӶ˴֮ӵţһ̣ն˴֮ӵҽš
꣡
˫ű֮󣬴֮ӵʱͷ˱
ףף
ûã֮ڵͿʼй©Щͣĺšס֣ͬ˵ԼĲʡ
ɱˣղǸ߾Ȼ޴ɱˡ
ۻô
ôˣֱš
ǸأӦòߣĳٻʿ
ʿѲʥ飿

֮ʿͬʱҲ׷ײ²̿͵ݣԼ˭ٻġ
Ǳߣøߵ״෴
֮һûóΪǸܹɵɱ
㣡֮ӵ˫ȣǸҵ˴֮ӵ㡣
дܿ뵽ԭ
û֮ӵ˫ȣ˫֮иϵĺġ
ͨģ֮Ӳܹعͨô֮ЩĲںһͬʱҲܹͨ
һıݻ٣֮ӾͻϿصϵ޷ۣҲȻȻġ
ʥʹײˣ֮ˣǺã
ƴˣҸղشʥߣԼûд֮ӵİҲǵĶ֡
֮ӱ֮廹볷ˣҿʼ֯

ͬʱ㳦»Ϊ֣ɵ׵ǰ
֮ӵˣд㳦֮Ҳľˡװ㳦պãóˡͶ򴫡ܻ
ܻѾƬشԶˣ಻ӾͿԸе
ǱߵҲˣʧȥʥʹָ涼׼һǧ岻ȥ֪Ǵսذܡ
ܻԮ輸Ӳܵ˫սˣʱ͸Ҫ򳿵ˡ
һֱӴ򿪵ͼٶȻصǵĳڡ
ˣղҳԵʲôҩȻҵ˿ڿϣͬʱµѪ⡣ܻ컯ǿĵҩǵһ
컯ܹ֮ƵĲᳬĸǡ칬֮һ׻ش򳿵⡣
֮һ㣬򳿰칬ȥԺ֮С
ȻҲΪպ칬һӡ
칬ĵҩԴԼҪġͶ򴫡ȻһԵֿԺľӢӣǲ뵽׵칬֮С
Ϊô˵칬Ҳһ֯ԺͬʱҲһ֯ЩԺľӢҪǼ칬ôͱҪԺŵڶλá
һ㣬ɲһʥͿԵġ
Ŀ칬ӦһܴˣΪδû˵칬Ѿа֯С
㲻֪кܶ࣬㲻֪ǿҲܶ࣬׵Ļشš
ǣ칬ΪҪôܹռ䣬С򳿲칬⣬ڸӹĵ׵ֶΡ
״Ļڿûʱ˵Щ
Щȵڸ㣬ȻڻָˣǾȥЩɡ
һ˵꣬׾Ͱ򳿴صս֮С
ȵȣһкܶ⣡
򳿸û˼ս˵ģЩײشĻѾġ
ȥⳡսɣǸ֮Ѿɱֵ뿪ˡУһһ֧·ʱ԰֧ںϵǸУȻһúø̸һ̸
ԹԵİ˵꣬õͼ뿪
칬ǣΪҴûʦ˵ҪʦԺԺӦòҲŶԡ׵ĻĵľԺ
ϸ룬֪ԺԲģΪһεս¹ʱӣԺԲⷽ
ԺûصĻҲ˵칬鱨ҪԺǿ⡭ͻȻ֮䣬һֲͷ
磬ЩɱˣȻڶ࣬ɲС
磬Ǹ޴ǲǱɱ
磬ڸô죡
͵˼š칬ǺεȴʱͻȻкüǰ
ôȫأҪٹӾͻһ֧ĶʱȺҪΪǵĲпۡɫʱһ䣬ʱѹȥ
ӹȥʱѾﵽλʦҲͲʮѡ
ʮ壬лһɱ
ˣǵԮˡ
öЩˡ
ֵǷˣҪɱЩֱ𡣡


35 ̫׽
һ̣ܻڸ˹
ǳֵķλ֧Ķ棬ҲıЩһ֣вߵˡ
ö壬ҲͲˡ
ܻ𿴵Щ֮ҲôһţͬʱҲһ㼤
ǵһô壬ǵһսšҲġ
ɽأˮ죡
ִܻսڵһʱͰѻɽٻ˳
ܶ࣬ҪСӮսôٻһбҪġ
ãܻšͶ򴫡׸İңԻʮٻһҲǺܳ

ڻɽĳ棬ֻܻʮңܹٻһͼ
Ȼһʤڶ࣬ǲԶɧţҲԿ
ͬʱ幥ʱͿԹ塣
岻ôһȥٶҲһ˺
һĻܿ뵽˱֮С
һЩ̰壬Ȼڵһʱ˻ɽټսȥ
һⳡս۵ĽѾעˡ

Сʱ
ɽΧڵ壬ȫնɱĸɸɾҲո˲ٵ컯ˡ
ս۽״һ£һջٶö컯ˡ
ʵЩ屾ܹ׸컯ԥΧֻ̫ܹ࣬Сĵȥռֻǵõôһ㡣
˽ˣ屻ɱһǧٶٶˣܻһ֧飬ܿͻᱻ֪
պ컯׾֪ܻĶ飬ܿҪ鷳ˡ
ǣǻڰ֣֧鲻սôԶҲɳ
ײʥˣûа취ȥÿһ
ʥߣҲûа취ȥÿһˡ
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ǣ
ܻһףĵͷû¶κα飬ⱻ˿
Ҳ˵֮󣬾װǱϵȥ
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ұϾҲ࣬Ȼϣ౻ɱ׳һ㡣
Ҳܲµõ˭ҹ۲սҲһҪ١
ðɣҳ칬ǿһпԺԺǴеĿʲôѲǴԺʱӣȻܲտԿԺȴһ칬ǿ
򳿹ﻹԺˣֻ˵칬ԺԺûг칬Ժ
ʱӣײǵһʣϲƺҡҡͷ˵˵ǹʱ̰ɣ
ʱ̣˵ʱӽйʱ̣ѲѾҵˣ򳿵˼뵽ǺܷԾȻ뵽˹ʱ̾ϡ
ǣ׵Ȼϵġ
ʱ칬ûеõ칬۴ˣѾ֪һЩ˿ò˶ùʱ̾ͻΪ칬ʥˡҡҡͷ¶һ˿ڴ
һ㶣ȻֹŹֵʵ⻰ʲô˼ѵ칬ҲԷΪ뵽
ȻѾΪ칬ǿԺĴڣô칬زʥҲǺִѧʿˡ
ĴҪԷΪҲ̫ˡ
۴˵ȻΪʱ̸Ͳռ䡣
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˵ʵ飬ȴеԽܡ
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װǸ˵˳ȥ򳿰Щ鴫ݸԺ
Ȼֻһӡ꣬Ѿһز飬Ҳ飬ԲСӡ
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һҪǱʥץߴɱô׾͵ʧȥһǱڵ
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ﾹȻһĳУǴ˵֮еĴڣ칬ȻôصϢ֪
һǣ飬򳿸Ǹо칬Ĵںֲܿˡ
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û˵󻰣ǸȷʵйԻ͵ĳɾ͡
ȫ䣬֮Ҳ̳̫֮ǿˣ̳Ҳûܹɱͬһͬӡλ档
£ӦԶֱǸľȻ󳹵ա
ǣʱ̵ĳʱɴ˿ռѷ죬ǲȥĻռѷᱻԶ޸ʥȴΪйʱ̣ǿʹʥÿռѷϣǸӳƬռ䡣
˵ʱ򣬻̾һ
ѾãˣҪһʼͱֳַ˼ǲǳҩˡ
ǣǸ컯׿ɳУܹաƿȫֵȵȣ򳿲ò׵Ļ
λӣǸһʮ飬ӵǵ֮Уһڿˮ漴һ䡣
û취Ҳ̫ˣԼˣˡ
̫׽ǰɣ̫׽칬еķšű˽ԼеŤǾ͸Լһš
˷źײŶͷ˵һһҪסǾӳȥĲͨ飬Զŵ֮
ۣ
һ˵꣬ͻȻſھһѪ
ôԷΪѰҹʱ̣ȴûʲôʱ̣еֻһӡԶ飬ڻǷˡ
򳿻ƵѪʵϢ̫ˣԷΪ
׿Ѫе㲻˼
ΪĻɲȫ滰Ǹܹ֮ѣһҲΪ׵İ֮顣
ڲʱǸ鲻εܹģ㲻ö룬ֻҪȥϢԺԺɡ
׶򳿰οһ䡣


36 ޷
㶮ʲôҲ칬ˣ޷֡
ôһ˵򳿷ĺΪʲôЩǣ֪֪ѾǧˣЩ˵ǾͲôˣҲһųȥ
򳿵ֲûеҲĿԡ
жûг֪֪ͨж֪Ĵ֪֪û¶컯ڣ᲻ҵĻ
뵽򳿶ǣײûлش⣬Ƕ⡣
׵ʣ򳿿Цһ˵ͳΪ˴˵û֪ǷĴڡ
ڣ˵ͨˣ֪йʵϢģҲ򲻴һ׵ĵڶ⡣
Щ飬һʼ͸ңһΪ칬߹ʱ̣Կƭҵģڡ
⣬ʵѾҪ˵ˡ
򳿻ش׵ĵҲоܶԲס
ʵһʼײùס
׵ĻˣȺҲôˣҪйһ£ԲŻᳯŭ
򳿣ڲܹġԣϣԺȻеۼɱסţ建һЩѹ
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Ȼû򳿣ҲԾ£еǿµҪʱ䡣
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Ҫ֪û϶ʥӡġ
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칬ΧԱʲǴ㷢չΪ칬ĴˣֻڵСҪȷʵôġ
ϾҪ룬ȾҪ֪ϵʽŶԣܻ칬ϵˡ
Ҳһʼõġ
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Ժ˵׾ѧУѧбҵһ졣
ֻҪѧҵҪôص֮УҪô볯Ϊ٣֮һӶԺ
칬ĴȷʵԺûгͻ˵֮仹еศɵζ
˵ô࣬ҲҼ칬𣿡һˣж칬ηĪ䵭˼֡
һҪȥԺ˵֯ôӱϾͻԺ
ʵڵ칬Ҳȷû취ԺᲢۣ֮Ĳʥ֮⣬Ŀɲһ㡣
Ҳ֪һ㣬Ҳûа취˭칬ȷʵȱأ칬Ҳûʵǿ
칬һʥҲֱӰѡͶ򴫡һףʱ칬˼ܹԺһȦαķĻѿˡ
ȷʵʸ칬еĿ򳿣²µΪʲôҪѻ˵ز
ôѡ칬Ǳ֤κһ
Ȼǰѡ칬Ҳе⡣
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ֻ˲ܵ飬Żᱻ˳֮Ϊ漣֮ġܹһ㣬ôһȫȫ칬
򳿽ףϣ״Ӧ
ΪҲһӻԺڻûбҵΪԼڵԺ£һʽҵҲҪصԼļ壬صԼĹ֮С
һص칬˵Ҳûʲô
Ȼ򳿲֪칬ζʲôҲ롣
˵Ĳֻ޷ſԳ֮Ϊ漣Ҫһ漣ҪĴۡԣΪֵҶ漣Ĵ𣿡׻ظ򳿡
˼ʵܼ򵥣ǾֻΪͷ漣ֵá
ԺһϯԺֻҪΪϯͿԵõһʥӡҵõʥߵָһ£õĻ԰ʥ£Ϊʥͽ򳿼ײԸΪԼۣͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
ԺԺеһλڴĵ۹ıԵ
̫׽ǣܹôһܻԺȫԴܻΪԺϯ
򳿵ܻΪϯ
ϯһѡһΣԺΪôҺúö飬ÿһεĶϯĽǳ֮ࡣ
ңֻҪõϯλãͻõҫ
ܹĴˣҲûʲôܹ㡣򳿽׾þòڣ̲ס˵һ䡣
ΪǿԼİϾ칬ֵôǿܻ칬İаųΪϯϣֻǾ컨ѡ
ǣһ뵽ڵΪԺжʧ󣬲Ż壬˹ǧ̲ס𣬲ϣҪ
ˣȻִţôҾͰһˡ򳿵վǴӦ
һ˵ְ꣬ѵͼ˳ȻһĽж䣬ͳͳ뵽֮ڡ
Ϊ˰Щ׻˲ٵľЩ͵񽻸򳿣Щ䡣
Щ֮󣬷ӦһʼһĲš
ִӲű˲ʡԸԼΡ
ĸԺľӢ֪Щ󶼸һʹļס


37 ڿ
ټС棬ȻҲܻˡ
ûйȻʾܻ칬ĴˣΪЩԺ֮⣬
ЩĿǰû£ļֵ׾ûܻ¶ݡ
Ȼ֪һУôͳ塢彫עǳصĿ϶ϣϿŸԵĶ뿪ɡ
Ȼ֧ǾսģҲ״󲿷ֵǺӣ˾սҲǶһԣ֮󳹵ɱ䡣
ԣ׻һ飬ĸԸļ칬ΪԼ
Ҫڳ÷뿪ӡǵĿռ䡣
ֻǾô뿪Щ˵ٶʧȥһɱĻᡣ
λ̨Ȼ򳿵Ļǲ㡣Ǹʲô칬Ǵû˵ƾʲôһԺǲġ
κòڻԵɺ֮¾ۼǧƿһɲСȻʲô뿪ˡ
˵ɣ׻û˵򳿾һ˵߰ɣҪ˵ڶΣ
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ȻҶͬ뿪ǳȥ칬¹شϣλǩֽԼ뿪
˵꣬Ͱһֽ˳
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ԼҪǩ£ײᣬԺҲᡣ
ԼҪǩ˭ҪǲǩôͲóȥˡ
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ֳʥֳԺͬ⣬вʣҲֻܹǩԼ֡
дֺ󣬾͵õԼӡǣдǼ֣ӡҲӡϡ
ܺãҾ뿪
׵ǩ֮󣬾ֽԼ뵽˹ʱ档
֮һһͻصԼĶУҸһǰȫ뿪·ߡ
ڿǺܴģЩԼ̽·û塢ǲҵڡ
һʱеԺôǾҪˣʱ˶Ҫ
ңҪԼ̽·˵ͻ塣
׸ָ·ĻЩ˾ٶȼҲܹ뿪
ʵ׵ָ㣬ҲпֱܳԶڣֻܹᷢ
׶Щͻȥ߾Ϳʼг롣
ס壬ǻڲ֪£֮ȥ


͵Ѿӽǳڵʱסٶ֧飬Ѿִǵ·
ȻסһԹ࣬ǵͻʱҲ໥ɱ
ķһ壬ʮң
Ƭ֮ڿһС壬
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ЩۿҪʱױȥΣѹĻύԺ
Ժû뿪
֪סһֻҪͻɱʱ˵ǾͿԳûɱסʥʹʥӡ
ԣԺ͸ɴ඼ԼĶ齻ܻԿЩ塢壬ȡǵʥʹʥͳͳɱ
ʮʦȻ٣ҪһֵͬĻ˲ͿԻɱǣ
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ֻǵ˲䱻ɱģټϻһԺٻϢĳʦϢûдݳȥ
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ԺǣۿǳԵʬ󣬾͸׵˵
ǲԼļ֮УԺ棬û˵лܹԼǣʵ̫˼ˡ
ǣȥɣϣɵѪ档û˵𾪣Ƕ˵˾仰ȥ
䣡
ǳԵѪԭͷǳˣһ˵꣬ȥ
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Ǽӿٶȣʱǵˡ
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尡
ǻΪǽ䣬ǷʦĹͣϾǿۿŷʦȥȻоͽġ
˭Ҳ벻Ⱥʦȥͱɱˡ
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һαôٶȶõ
ⲻ˵е壬ԽģʵԽǿ
θʵȵ˵ֻµľʱЧ
һﵽʱǾͿƿԱҲԱСԻΪ࣬֡
߰ɣҪľǵȴסɱˡ
õͼһ󣬾ʹԺ߽ǵ֮С


38 
ǵԻޱȣÿһӣÿһζǴԵ
ЩòߣΪѾΪһ壬һͼЩͻܵǵ
ܹڵ塢嶼Ǻǿ˵ǵ޾Ҳĵʣ޼ҪǵĻǸ޷뵽档
ҪΪǸһ˿ϵǶġ
ǲϣ˶ĶǲܿʲôҪҶĻԸ
⼸öԸһһ䡣
׵ѣԺȻżһƿǱͣǲûа뵽ԼĹʱ档
ȻЩ棬˵ʲôʵõ˻Щ̰
̫׽ǣȻǣôҺܺϿ㣬ɴƬռġ
򳿶׷ǳĺ棬һ˵Ҳס
ĹУһֻҪǼӵе̵֪
˵ڵ칬Ϣͨƿ˲ԶʱڵܣҲɵĿǡ
Ҫ֪ܹǵᳬ١
ԣҲᳬ١
ŵ߹ֻ֮ͨŶѣܹһͨŵݣͨԶ֮ĳУô붼ǳĲ˼顣
ҵȻǿ۴˴ıܹõеĿȨˡ
׿ɲ˵ʵһ˵ʵһоͶᱻ𴩡
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Ҫ֪ԺǼʥԭˣһǲϢԭʥ飬ֱĳ֮Ϣʥ顣
ϧǣƵڳɾͰ֮طĨȥ˶ⱾݺϢֻ֪һǿ鼮ƾճõشʵʸ񣬵֪һմﵽʲôλ
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Ƭ֮ͻȻ뵽ǸⱾǣҲС
һˣױ㿪ʼкǸҪһһ
ȻǸ鲻ڵ򣬵ǻ˺ܾõĴڡ
Եϳɾôһ꣬ʮĴڣ֪Ժж֪ʶ
ϧǣ׽˰Ǹ鶼ûг֡
𣬻ǲӦң
̾һױ˳пռ䡣
ȻݿôͽҼǿĸӦɡ
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磬ֳⱾ鼮ʱͷԼĸ֪ʮֹͬʱǰ֮ΧҲ˲١
ǿҲ񣬻ڿһ¹Ǿ
Ű֮飬ͻȻ뵽˴ӡͶ򴫡õǵ
Ǿ֮ԭǰѾתΪǳԴǿþһЩͨ
ǣҪͱҪС


39 
£޷ӦֻͨǲſԾۼ
ʱȻ޷ȻܹһĶãһãȫȫ⣬һĶõķⷽҲûЧġ
һõ˹ǾҲֻܹ뵽磬Ȼ
дһ⣬ǾҪǧٱʹҲһֱա
ˣҪҪǧʱ䣬ֵܹʵһʱ䡣
ҪǾôҪʱ䣬ŹԼľ۳Ϊͼǳ
УʱȻʱ䳤޷ӿٶȡ
Ҳ˵ùʱ̵ʱ䣬ôʱõҲᱻϡ͡
ߣǾΪʡ
סҪҪһʱ䣬óһ죬ʵһ¹ǾǷ
ϰһ¹ǾţԼص֮󣬾һ׼ʼ
֮ǰаǵĵͼӵԼǰõͼκνӽԼˡ
ַҪУҪĺܵȻ֪ʲôʱ򣬻ðӵйֶ塢͵Ϯ
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ģ񣬹뷱ǡ
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ڻ˲ӵʱ䣬뵽˾ĵ״̬
ҵ꣬Ҳ˵ҵľ񡣡
ƾְֳ֮״̬ȻԸ֪Լӡ
ԭһɢźڹĹš
ŲرĵһرĴһֻҪͻᱻɢĸо
ʲôطһͼݣ
һμԼ꣬׷·˺ܶණͬʱҲ˸ɻ
Ϊð֮뵽״̬󣬾ͷһͼ֮С
ǵԺ뵽ͼݡʱڵĿռʱŹâø
ͼݣ鼮ȫǵϵ鼮
׷ȥͼķ鼮
Щ鼮е쳯Ĺ鼮ҲһЩѧʱĿαġѧѧȵ鼮ͼ棬Ϊ濴ʥͼ涼С
ǻ
Щ鼮׾ͷ·صԼͯꡣ
ʵСʱ򲢲ϲ飬Ȼ˵鼮ѧϰαѧѧȵȡ
С˵ʲôģ׻Ǻϲġ
׻廳飬ùһ鼮
ֻǵ׸һӽЩܣһƿ޷
һ˺üΣȷͼй޷ӽͼ顣
еУһڷš龭Ͷ򴫡ԶʮٻŮĻ꡷ƵѾ鼮⣬һ޷
װڷܹܣ֮Ϊҵܡ
صͼݣڼ¼Ѿֵ鼮ֻǲ֪Ϊγ֣˼¼֮ʲôܡֽϵġͶ򴫡ùҳݸдһģһ
Ȼݣûκεһͨ鼮ѡ
ļҲһ۸ĵġٻŮĻ꡷Ҳˡ
ڸ½µʱ򣬴ȵĸıˡٻŮĻ꡷ݣϵġٻŮĻ꡷汾Ҳдһ汾
ףǱһš
װ鼮Żʱע⵽ԺԶһȿ̫ͼĴš
ŵһ˲䣬ܵһڤڤ֮е̲֮סƯ˹ȥ
֨ѽ
ȥ֮žԶ򿪣͸׻ԿһƬããĿռ䡣
ȥǲȥ
ʱҪѡˡ
ȥɣͼݵܡ
׿ãջ˽ȥ
ˣ
֮󣬶ʱһɷ֮뵽׵֮С
ɷ֮رܣͷ·ߵһ㡣
ֱãӦЩЩεԼ֮⡣
һ֮󣬻һϤݵĶС

ڡ
򳿵һֱע׵һһ׽뵽״̬ǸͻȻеϢʧˣ֮ĲҲˡ
Ҫǵ۾ܹףǶΪײǸ档
򳿱Ϊ׽ΧĿռ䣬ǲŶʵ硢εҵ鱨Դ߹ڶģǵû˵칬֯
򳿸ôʣȻΪ
ֹô룬ԺҲΪ״˿˵ʱǳġ
Ĺģ˵ʱע
ûΪڼеĵλߣûʸЩϢɡǸжεŮһش򳿵⡣
εϾͿ֪ǸŮһԺ棬Ůռɴ˿ɼŮҲܹСӡ
˶ε֮⣬ǸҲŮ򳿡顢
Ҳû˵칬˵칬ôı£ǶٶӦŲŶԣڽ֮ǰҸû칬֯ҲʾԼ֪
һ˵ֽ꣬˵ҵǸо̫׽еϤȻԼϢòܸоԼͬʱҲоԼû֮֡
˵仰ôһϤ׵磬²ס
ϵʥͽױīʥʥΣǸỳ̫׽ǾףȥǷ롣
оǴô˵ҲǲμԺ˵֮һһ۲㣬˵
һβμӿ˵࣬ҪĻԿԲ鵽ݡֻȻ칬ıôôؾܹ֪пݣҲԲ²˭
Ǹ뷨һͱԼˡ


40 
Щ׷׷ԼǶ֪׵ݣȴ
̫׽ǵݣҸӸȤһ顣εڴšƵͬʱɫĹâɫֽţûв´ĻⱾֽӦʥֽҳˡ
εôо㲻ֹ̫׽ǵȤͬʱҲ˸ȤεĹϵܺãҺͶεЦ
ҵȻȤˣĳƺžͺ֣УȻһǵһ˵칬飬칬˽Խ࣬ͻᷢ֯Խء
ң칬Ȼ֮鶼֪Ūڶ칬֯һǵòˡ
εûзϣҲҪϣΪڳԺһֻǲ˼ϰˡ
ԽԽԶʼйĻ⡣

ǡ
Ӧ˷򳿵˵Ļ׾һֲ©Ķˡ
Щ֪ͼݵĴţͨˡ
ˣϵ״̬
뵽һתȻһ۾Ϳ
ҴԽԭһǸͼйϵˡҲǸͼݣҲŻǰ鼮Ժ֮С
״̬֮£ڽ⿪һЩܾõ⡣
һʼʱΪԼԽ˹Ŀıأڼǰͷֲˡ
Ϊֻܹǵ鼮֮飬Ҫһʱ䣬ͱ
֮ϰ֮壬ϡǣͼݵɲܹ˽ġ
ȻԼڵ״̬ȴͼĴڣΪͼݻѡԼʲôĹϵ
ˣڲȥЩ
Щÿһԣ֪ԼȥǣԾͰʱѹȥʼȥ״̬ر֮
棬Ȼ״̬ɿԸܵʱ顣
ٶȾʱȾ͸ܵ˹ʱ鼮ߵ֮ǰŹʱӡһץʱ̿ռץ˳
ֻ𣿡
׿ŷԼΧң뵽ո鼮ȴֻץңҲ˵Ҫôڵö鼮Ҫô״̬²ܹʹ顣
׵Ĳ²⣬ɾ޷ȥ֤ʵΪ̫ˣֻܹûƷ
ΪԼǿһĵزʱʵƷ
ǰС˵ʱ涼ôдġ
ɫʵ磬ҲֻܹС˵ϵˡ
ۼģҲ˵ǿԱյġ
׶ҿƬ̣ȻͰץļһͬ뵽֮С
·궼õ
ҽ˲䣬׾͸ܵõ
ֻӣֽɢˡ
ʧˣҵûһ֣Ҳ˵߰ҵȫ˷ѵˡ
Ȼ˷߰ңҲֱ޷ġ
ʧ׾ͱ
ȵȣ֮Ȼܹ۲磬ҶĸӦ·𱻵˺ܶࡣ
׺ַܿһ⡣
֮ǰֻҪġ񣬾ͿԿƯе㡣
֮ȻԿΧѾ򳿵˵˵ĸ֪ȴ½
һĻûа취Ǿ
Ǹ˵֮Ľǰ֮壬ҵ뵽֮УǲҪǸͼ棬ӦþͿˡ
׵ͷ㡢˼뵽ܡ
뷨һ׵ͻһۿĺڹ⣬ֱ뵽档
ҪͼݣҪͼݣ
ʱб㲻ͣĬ仰
һͼںң
Ȼ׵һصͼݾʹһ
ʱ׻ظͼݣͻѹ˳״̬
ôѡȥؾͼݡ
ҲҪȥ
׵һͼݵĹҲ䵭ճʧ
ˣô򵥣
ȥ˸ͼݵϵ׶ое㲻š
û뵽һôɣ˳
ͬʱҲһ£Ǿͼݲĺġ
ֻҪصͼУײſԲ仰˵ֻԭ꣬״Խ֮ʱɢˡ
ЩƯڿеĹܹˡ
뵽ײĸӦΧܹӡ
ǿģĳ״̬£ȴǿԡʵһİ׵㡣
ĹâǲɢģҪû㹻׺Щ㡣
˰ɫĹ⣬Ĺ㡣
Ӧ״̬Щ棬һЩصɫʹ㡣
Щɫǳϡ٣ɫɫнɫɫɫȵȲͣɫ
кܶ׶˵ɫ
֮ڵõ˰֮ļӳֺ׵ͷ·뵽һ档
Ϊ˲Щɫص㣬԰һԼȽϽĺɫٻ˹

ɫһ뵽׵֮У׵ʱͬӵ˻¯һ㣬һܵȡ
ã
ͻȻı仯һʱҲеţΪ걾ǷǳĴڣһ⣬׾ͼҲ᳹ٶȸһĻᡣ
ͼݣң
ؼʱ̣뵽ͼݡ
ĺͼݵٶȴһ׺ԥѡ˻ȥ
ѡϺ󣬾һɼ׵ദͻصͼУǸɫҲ̫ͼŵ档
ͬʱ׵Ҳ۾ָ״̬
ˣ
׾֪Լˡ
ľ뵽˼״̬״̬ΪղǺɫɵġ
Ϊˣ׸æóһƿ֮Ȼԥĺȥ
֮ľʹȻõ˴ȵĻ⣬ɺƣ
Ҳ̫ˣûв´ĻǸɫĹֻһƴлԵˡֻһĻȶȶӦ˭ȴһĨɱҵꡣ
Ȼû㹻֤֤ɫǻǸһľ飬иղȵϢͿԶ϶Ǹɫǻ
ٻĻȷʵ𣬵Ļʽ棬ûʲô


41 
£Ŀռг˻Ҳû˭±
ɴ˿ɼһƻû̫˺뿪꣬Ȼǰѻ뵽֮еͲͬˡ
Ϊ޵ĸ֪ԸܵĴڣҵڲʱҲᱻӰ졣
һ㣬׸ղſʵˡ
УǿԱɻԵңҪңҪͨС
磬׾ͨ丸һƪ£۳лԵҡ
ֻʱӣֻܹ²µÿһԵңɳɰ١ǧƻɵġ
ĻңתΪĻ˵ˣײûһ¡
˭֪Ĺȴǿֻһƣܹһͨ˵ꡣ
ûͼݵĻղԻᱻһƻ
˵ġǳ׵Ҳ׳ƵĻɢ
һ֪ǶôΣˣûʦָвͻɢ
̫׽ǣɫôôѿĪǳʲô飿
ײŸ۾ûãǸεʹ뵽ĶС
㣬Ҹղ칬׿һ۶εһ䡣
εȻһŮ˵ĸоǺѣٲȻһŮӵģ
ˣ

εôһʣʱ뵽Ϊ֮С
ʵղֻǸпһѣҲȫ칬
ôһʣͱҪһشˡ
شǣôεԺҪ칬ԼҲ˼ˡ
شǣôھͱҪ칬վͬһսϡ
֪칬ʲôƣԼҪȥʲô顣εԥһСһ⡣
Ҫ칬ͱҪǩ۵İţͬʱܻ񽻸㡣
׵칬֯ڻֻһ̥֯ĳԱʵСʵϲûзҪִе
ڵ칬ԣ£ҲûǸ
ε׵Ľͺ󣬾ҡҡͷʵΪ칬˵̫ͳˣҪ֪ʲô顣
˵εԸȽϿʣ˼򵥣ܹԺûһǱ
ΪԺľӢеš
׵ֽͣ£һЩͨεӵʥӡ˵вͨˡ
ȻִҪʵĻôҾ͸ɡ׶Ŷε۾˺һżᶨ˵칬Ŀøãø
˵칬Ŀ֮һȷʵøá
Ȼ칬Ĵڻеڶ壬Ǿ׿ԻÿƿԼ˵ܹİԼ
Ž磿ε׷ʣȻǺ⡣
˵ۡ𣿡
磬ʲô磿
ֻܹ͵Ҳڶ˵ˡ
˵󣬾Ͳټ˵һ
ĻǰЩ˽ʾ֭Ҳ뵽еʦʲôӡ
Ҽ칬Ļͻ۸𣿡εз·Ѿ˾
Ҫһʱ䡣
׿ɲ繹˼߱ˣΪһǰдĴڣʱ͵ڸˡ
ң֪᲻˵繹˼ʱǿд
ε㲻Ҫ嶯εг˴Ǳѵ칬̫أԼҪǸ۵İţǩһΪԼҪСġ
˵ѾίˣױֳءǿҪֱ˵칬пǽ֯ˡ
֯ͬһǶΣĴڡ
ڣЩΪϵ鼮ǽ飬ڵ֯ȻҲǽ֯ˡ
ЩֻеĲ²⣬û㹻֤֮ǰ˭Ҳȥָ칬ǽ֯
һ칬ǽ֯ôǲ٣᳹׵칬
칬ǽ֯ΪǵĻҴôýֺȥ붼֪칬Źǡ
ҡ
εһʱԥһҲǵ칬һ֯Ķ칬ܸȤȴܹ칬
ȻԥԺ˵ɣ칬ǿȱ˼롣
ҡҡͷεһȥ̨ס
ûǺȱˣȱҲûеҪñǿмĵز
ο׷ǳŵΪֻҪ칬׸ˮʱЩл칬ȴûѡ칬ˣ˸еޱȵĺڡ
˼εһ˵һȥǲδȥġ
һ뵽˼ž֮С

ʱţתۼʱ͹ȥˡ
棬סսѾ뵽˷ǳҵĽ׶Ρ
õͼ۲ռʱ˫Ѿﵽǧ
ģԻᳬ
˻ҵս׶̲סĻˮ㣬ʥռö컯
飬ԴӾ㱻ײˡ
ΪһΣյ飬ǵսܻ֣ױҪʱ״̬
סս֮⣬׻йϵ顣
棬ʼ½뿪ǣڼȻмѰҲ׸˳ȥ
Ҳ˵ʱ˿ڳ׺ԺҲûκһˡ
̫׽ǣΣ
һγȥ͵Ϯ˼ס̲סһ䡣
ѾȫϣסѾڳڵ⣬ȥס塣
װݵ˵һ¡
ѾˣΪκζ
ûκζҲûκε
һ˵꣬ԺͶվȻӦΧ
øӦˣ֮ʥ߶޷ƽ⣬ǲ˿ʥҲҲ
ס嵽ڻûҵǡ
ȻˣôǼɡ
ҲֻˣϣסɱĸһЩ
Ժ׵Ļ֮󣬾˸Եϡ
ʱֹܿȥˡ
棬ȻסԴ˴ս˼ﵽ˿ֲȴͻȻͣսҷ·ʲô
ţסսͣˣѾֲԾĵطˡ
׽ͼ˵õ顣
һҲͰٹȥ׼Ǹס˵ʲô顣


42 
ףѾս죬˫ʣ˶һ򣬵ȴûһ֣бضթΪͲϸ롣˵졣
ѡ죬һѪ󽣣һھսףȥ·һѪս
׵壬һ˰ţ塣
壬ţĴȣԼţԴ
׸ȤģţǾȻɢһ
ǹһǳȣ״̬µ׶ӽΪֻҪһͻеܡ
У̰ڳģһηǲߵģҲ֤ʵһ㣬Ƭûһ塣ţΪȻ
ǿᣬʤӵкܶļܣǵ֮ʱǼɷ죬ҲɶݵأһͶǵƿ֮С
ˣţҲ֪ûΪ̰ˡ
ףһȻôǿǾԲƽ޹ôΪǲ׵ķʱӡ˵ǵĳ룬֪Ƭڸûʱӡ죬ҲУ뵽ؼĵϡ
ʱΣΡ㿴ƬصĿռ䣬Ȼʥ߶ܹ⣬ɴ˿ɼһбǱʱӣҲʥĴڡ
ԭ㣬ΪбԲǲʱӣò
кǿһʱԸ˵Ļ̸ֻУֱŪȻȥѰұ
ˣҲ֪˲ɫЩǣȴһûмͲ𣿡һʡ
еɲ򳿡εˣǸǿһվԺ۷һ
᲻ԼϾ岻ס壬ԷΪֻҪ绹ڣ֮ɻָôġ
סֻҪʱͿԶǲǰ㣬ɢȥ֮ͬһ鼮ͲܹṩպָҲǺ鷳
ס˵ֻɢȥֻҪڸһЩŵر滨ƷͿԺܿĻָԭ
ףȻִˣôҲ޻˵ﶼûмɱһֵ̫ˣҽҵȻһ䶷ķᱦĹȨ
мô࣬һᱦķʽֹɱ¾
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ڱи˵ˣʵҲϣ˹࣬ϾϱͲ壬Ҳÿһ嶼ܹѱͨһ忴ʲôǶ˵ٶЩӰ졣
ܺãôǾͷֿѰҰɡ
У˭ҵ
סһ˵֮󣬾Ϳʼ·ͷѰʱӣԼı
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̫׽ǣʲôʲô𣿡ע⵽΢ҡҡͷоһɲõԤС
סѾͣսˣǿʼƬѰˣͬʱͨ䶷ԶĵķʽҵıûбҪֱӸǡ
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ʵ֮⣬ҲһЩصֶ̽ΣҲ֪û壬˭ȴһ뵽ĶС
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ԶӢۺǿһ־ͶѰĸһȭȥֱӰдס
ɴ˿ɼԶӢ۵һҲв


43 Թ
иһʼ뵽˱֮УһԹսȴҡҡͷ
ƾԶӢۣȻܹоһҪɱȴѡ
֪ڲ״̬ҶԷȻʥӣǾųֶ֪ΣԹƾһʥ֮ٻԶӢۣɱġ
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ҺãǶӵʥӡӰ첻ܴ
ֻһôѪڵѪ֮ͻ뵽֮С
ȻԺûΪѪ𾪣𾪵˫ѪͫȻԿ׵
Ǿ׵Ȼֻ١
ͨһ㣬ǾͿȷײԽΪģоųɵļʾǲμԺ˵֮һ
ȻֻҲ˵̫׽ǻֻһʮëͷСˡһ²һ䡣
˼飬ôСͱ칬ѡУ̫׽ǵʼ󰡡
ʮ칬ôȨͬʱʥԭ̫׽ӦþǸ۵ĵӻǺˡ
е׵򳿵˾Ȼͬһʱֹͣ˶еĹ
ǡ
׿оε̾һ
ʵڳ׵ϣôҲ벻еѪͫſĹܡ
ҺûƳԼĵۣȻҪǱ򳿵˿òֻǿȻǼ칬Ǵɱˡ
Կ׻ɱˣ԰Щ˹ڣǸһ
һ׵ͻһӰ
̫׽ǣҶ칬ǳĺ棬ӵĺ棬ԲͳûǼʶһ칬ֶΣΣεһ˵ţȻһ߳ȥ˸ж׵֮
Ȼɱ壬Ҷ̫׽ǵӺ棬λøɡ
һ˵꣬ȻҲǸԶӢٻߣֻⱻ͵Ϯ
ɵ࣬ͬѾˣھսмȻ֧׵жʱһϣ
Ͼô׶Ⱥ˵ĺģοӵתƿռܹͨ׷²Ļлӳ졣
飬иղǹɿ񱩵ʱ侲ͬʱ뵽˼״̬
ףаȺƻ֪һ־ͻᱩ¶ʣԿ̽ң
һ£֪Щ˸Ҫ̽Լʵ̽ݡ
Ҫ֪սʱ϶Ҫģһʹ鹥ôǾл֪׵֡
ɶ񰡣ҪǱܶ٣϶Ӱ칬Զʮ龭ٻŮĻ꡷Ͷ򴫡ֲܹʹãʥҲܹãʲôȥս
ʵתռ뿪ˣһ˾ͻӰ˶칬Ŀ
սĻֲܹñ֪ݵ鼮ʥܹʹá
һеΪˡ
䣡
͵˼ʱѾ嵽׵ǰõͼԼΧĿռ䣬еĹֻǴﵽ˿ռ棬һ˿һ
ָоȻ⶯ÿռһϺ󣬾ȷһ㣬ͬʱҲ޵ΪռΪܹν֮һġ
һʼĺܲ壬׿ÿռ󣬾֪Ѿˡ
ˣҲˡ
Ҳ׷ɵյĳУҲնΪľס໥ɱ
ҪǣȻѾɳռ䣬ô˭ʲôñӦѾõˡ
ˣŻ᳷Ƭռ䣬ֻЩʥԸסʥӡʥʹ
Щ֮о֪ȲܽĽΣ֮һε֮Ѿˡ
ʱӣҲǹʱҪĻҲһõȥˡ
Ȼһס嶼ʧˣҪЮֻɱԴֲεźдʱеĿףѾųһʱ˿ľȻǰδеˡ
ǻڰ֣һͬӵС
б֮ӣӵǿʣҲӵ׿Խͷԣ˵֮ʱڵõ
ɵ࣬㲻ҸսҪͬǰ𣿡ľ֮вż׶սס
ңôһ˵ԺҲɻĿס
ǿȻ׵ֻٶ࣬ȻӵʥԭôڲӭսŶԡ
иԺ۹⣬΢ĬƬ̣漴ŵ˵У벻۹⻹֪Ϊ档
Ļһ䣬ϾͳһɢŰ׹鼮


44 췢ɱ
ϣͬʱɢŰɫâ鼮Ȼµõİ֮顶Ƶˡ
Ǳ飬ˣ
ҪⱾս𣿡
ڴȻҼʥԭǻûпʥԭսĳ
óˡƵ֮Ժһڴӡ
Ҳһ㶣Ȼæһ˾롣
£壬壬֪ںսʱһҪԷͣĹԷ޷ӵ
ǣ˵ֻһ˵Ҳֻս
װѡƵóҳȥΧķռб֪ϵǱ飬ɲʥ飬ͬʱʥԭ
ϡǵʱ̵峤͸߹ʹսֻҪͿѹǡʥӡʱҪֹʶݣٲܡ
ǣֳʥԭʱ¶ԷٵͣҪŪʥݣȻѰƽֶνйǳ䲻⡢䲻
仰ʵֹҲˡ
ס壬ΪʥʹʥӣҲʥ˼ɡ
ΪʥԳһ磬ս˵ǧ򻯡
ĽһһóȻʥԭߣпܱ뵽ʥ棬ǱͻȻٻס
֮ʥһʥ飬սֱ֮
ֲԸ֣ԭǲ뱩¶ʵһ̣һĺˡ
ʼ֮ʱΪȻֶΣҲͶٶ࣬϶Ҳһʥӡѣսʤס
ʥԭôͲͬˡ
Ҳҿ̫ûгˣȻҪ֪ϵĲʥ飬Ļս˼ûˡ
ȵȣϢϤġԶ׺Ƶһνʱ顣
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οҲеԹΪǵһʹáƵսڸⱾȥսǺ⡣
࣬ҳҵ͹ǽҾҲҪ㸶ۡ
׸еĶԻһЩĻᡣ
ڣѾѹеĿ־壬ͬʱ˽ν̽Ǳ
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ɡ
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ͬʱҲʵֱӶʥʥ֮
ʥ֮ӵĶ٣ҪԷΪˡ
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ף֮ף壬͵ڴѾƲסˡ
ѾƴˣԼǿز˴βսҲðϣպʥûаʱ䶼ָ
ԭԵ壬Ǹʹʥ֮Ļ³ԻǱֱӳűھȻʥ֮š
ǿزҵ׵Ҳ޷ɶӰ족
ʱóֵ׼̫׽ǵϾңҵֳʥ飬ҲеĶ֡
ǰ벻оȻƣԺľӢеʧܣһǿƽ֣һſ˻ߴɱ
Ժڵıֺжеܡ
ǶԺľӢˣʥӣȴòϵǶ֣һûϣ
˵һˣڿĵطս֮ϵĻһɱԷΪпʱˡ
࣬ȥ
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֮ɷԿͨľ˶뵽֮С
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ɢ
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Ժһֱעס
Ȼ֪кǿڵľԣѾǱˣҪע׵ϡ
ˣһ׳ֵĿģǳû֪ǱʥֺƷס
֮ǰֻжεֶΣ֪ϵ鼮ʥֽҳĸǸոտġ
ȣ
ײŸɢɷҲѪǰ׾ǵͷһն
һն֮£ϿˣҲ˵ֱӱ뵽֮С
ɴ˿ɼһĺǿڷһȴеһ󲻸ʡ
ΪʲôΪʲôû˿ңΪʲôһ˿ʧ䣿ѵҵĹǿѵڿң
ڵкˡ
ʵ䲻⣬ֱӶȫҲƣױýţȻڳû͵Ϯȡ²һʡ
ǣڷѪͫģȴرҪ״̬
췢ɱתƣ
ѪѾҪ׵ͷ֮ʱͻȻһ뵽еĶС
оͷԼͻȻӰеλãֻص֮ǰڵλãһοռתû˿Υ͸У·֮ǰһ㡣


45 
ԣӦ˵ҵλûб䣬ǿռ䡣
ͷһתͻȻΪԼûκΥ͸ˡ
ΪԼûбתƿռ䣬һжǰϷƶˣвŻûиоκǰס
ҲˣȻվ˵ϣǱּ״̬
£Ĺֱն˴֮ϡ
ֵǣеĳն˵棬ĺȴһʹױ㱻һĺһĽۡ
ܣҵĺܵҵĹ
ѪĹͻȻһֲ뷨編򣡡
Ļǰ㶼ǹ̶Ĵڡ
ռ䡢ʱȶǹ̶ķֻ෨㱻֪Ҳ⡣
⣬ҲӦá
ӦãҲƿء
ʱ֮еʥƿط򣬵Ҳ÷ûҡ
ҲͬƿأǴ˷Ķɡ
ҪһĻԭӦֻ־У־ҲԱΪ졯
Ƶġ췢ɱתơˡ졯
췢ɱתơ
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д磬ǳȫС
ڵĿռ䣬ֻһԱ֮Ϊ硣
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һѣ˺ܿͲµ׵뷨
ײɱУΪľ˫۾
Ҫ֪иղƾ۾ͷ˿Ⱦ˵ս۾ܹ׵Ǵһⶼһ˫ͨ۾
׵Ȼ˷Դˡ
˫۾ҪˣĹˡ
һ˵ţһߴӡͶ򴫡һһͨذףȻСĵĽ˫Ѫͫ˳
ϧ׻ǵһۣԶЩʧ
˼ӵʱ䣬ڳе˫ۣȻ˹ʱ档
ûзֹ۾㰵һҪʱ̣ܹҶ˫۾ʱͺˡ
ˣ
׸һ˵꣬涼Сʱɵķ飬ֱѪͫۡ۶ӡ
ʱˣܹʱ䣬ܹͣʱ䣬ޱȡ
˹ʱ̵¹ܺҲϲ
ʱңÿСʱʮӣͣʱҲҪ۵ġ
װһȻת뿪е塣
ŸûͻȻͬʱ˻Ƶŭǲʥ飬ǡ
ۣ
ֻϧеĻû˵꣬׾תһŲеϣȻѸղ۵ذף˽е
Щ׾ͻصϣһƿ֮Դ˻ָԼľ
ߺԺ㿪ʼе壬ûֵùע鱨ͱ
ͬʱҲΪղ˵Ǿ仰ʼ˼
̫׽ǵࡣ
ʥ飬ѵǽ𣿡
칬ʲô֯Ƕ޷Կ壬Ȼɵľ͸ɱˡ
칬֮鶼ǳҪҪӭһʱˡ
˵׻ǲ֪̫׽ʹõʲô飬ҿռ䷨һ㵹е˼ֻܵȻȥʶʦˡ
Ժаһ䡣


46 
뷨
Ƕûаѻ˵ΪױֳѾ۷ˡ
֮ڣǲԸװѹϵֽ
׵ûô룬ʱڼ״̬
һգҲֻʣһɣϣҪڳʲô⡣
һεսʵҲ˲٣һ뵽ʱ˫Ѫ֪ͫ˵λ׬ˡ
Ϣ죬ָһ¾ȻٰǸקԺŪ׵뷨
СףĶ죬ڼȻ׵һĿȻǳˡ
ǿĴڣ֮Ҫɱǣǵķ⡣

С
ʱҲµǣһһΧݣ˰죬ҲûпκһǱƷ
еķ棬ǿտķ䡣
ȻЩĲʺ⣬ΨһܹߵģҲֻзĽˡ
ֻϧЩ쳣ļ̣ǳԼ˲κһש͸ҪЩͨˡ
ʥʹʥвˡʧ˴Ӻ󣬳׾͵õµı档
ʧˣǸˣ׶µıе㲻⣬Ϊ˺ʧȫ˼
ʧˣǱѾеˡ
ԲԵ޹ʵʧѲзʱӵص㣿
˼һȻΪзĳڣȻȥȡˡ
ҲȥʧĵطʱӵھǱߡ
һˣʧĵطȥ
ǹ֮󣬹ȻһȺڲͣЩ巢嵽󣬾˲Žһ£ŭĿ塣
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ʵҲɱЩ壬һҵ˱ôҪɱһ壬внű뿪Ǹ䶷䱦ô
ʱôĹҿʥҵɡ
ǣǵ˵˵ģƬѰҵĵط廹뿪ɡ
뿪Ȼͱǲˡ
ȻʧȥһУսӰ첻رǻһս֮ġ
ֻҪ˫ĿսȻܵصʧʤһ塣
ѵǾͲ鷳пǹĺܣ֮ǰǶԻӥ̽СӾͶˣûв´Ļˡ˵
ǶԻӥʧʵһֱ⡣
ǡ
ôһ˵嶼ԥ
˺һһƽеվ˳˵ǰæѰҰɣʥΣҲ˵
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վһʥʥʹһ˵͸ÿһ·
еЩ嶼ǾԲܹг£һг⣬ôЩȥ󶼻ܵ
סͿʼּʧĵط
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͵һ۵֮ʱͻȻм໥һۣȻ׷վ˳
ʥʹףǰǵǸʥʹҲĹʧˣһҼǵá
Ⱥվ壬Ǹ򳿶սȺ֮һ
סܻȻɱ˲壬Ҳһһ
⼸е飬ԼЩ󣬶ʱͰһжϵ
ǵ˼ǣռһܹյĴڣ
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ˣһеʧԸйءţʱҪսȭͷ
ȻܲģҲòˡ
ȵȣﲻԾŭеĳţͻȻɫһߣ·뵽һܲ顣
ϸ룡ͻȻɵУȴһʱ䳷룬ټĪʧ˵һжģôǵĵһĿľǰǾۼڶΪȫ뿪ǲǰһ𣿡
Ȼ׳嶯Ҳỻλ˼
ȻôһģۺĿĲ
ˣʲôס塣һʡ
һ꣬һͻȻվ˵֪ûз֣ռڵЩˣ֮ǰһûһ㣬ռӦüֲ˶ˡ
ռǰ׵ģҪһԼʱʱҲüֻǣǳʱΧĿռ䣬ôǵ³ǡ
һ뵽һ㡣
ңǸֻû˵꣬һĻ˵ȥ
ȫǵ³һʼѾעˡ
ͻȻֵǱ䣬һ˵еס嶼Ĺ۲ܣѰǸˡ
һ˵˿ɲˣΪһסĽ̸ʹõǸԣֻܹ򳿴˹
򳿶ԣǸ˵һʱΪ˴ѹǵʿͰǾ仰ȫˡ
ԣȻࡣ
ɵˣɱ
򳿵ֺסֻǾʹ˷Ĵݿ
飡
ǽʱͻȻһӵ˳׵ǰ
ǡ
׵ͷһʱͼһϤӰ
󣬲ҧ˵У
˵ֵʱ򣬳׾֪ԷĿԼˣͼǳԡ
Գڵһʱ쳤Хһʱһֱ߽ףŷĻţ
ʥ֮һﶯʥ֮򳿿׵ı仯󣬾͸æ˵һ䡣
׵û̫⣬ֻʵ׼𣿡
ˣʹʥ֮Ҳֻһѣȫ˵ƷһŻеġ


47 ո
塢ʥӡʥʹȷʵǿһĻǻûκʤ㡣
Ȼˣôɡ׵ͺһõͼѳ״뵽ڡ
ʧˣ
ôΪλͨ
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ʧ߶ʱը˹׵ʧˣҲˡ
ȼʧĵطеʬ֮󣬸Ǹ¶˱ҵ顣
ɶ񰡣ʥӵʬ壬ʥӵѪҺŸˣǿĹǸҲˣ˫۶
Ҫɱһ򣬲Ҫɱһһǧʥᡣ
еĴ̫ˣе֪һжµڶ֪Ǻá
䣡
͵Щ屳ϵʱͻȻһ£еʬ㱻иԵˡ
ʵеʬ屾ھͱԵΪʬ壬ûô
׵ͼѾﵽˣҲĳʬ塣
ʱ䣬Ѿʬ壬ûһʬ壬ͻһ֣Ѿǿ԰׶Ըˡ
ǣƬռɣҪκһס뿪ҪǶᡣ
װѳץ󣬾ǷڵĿռ䡣
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ЩѾסˣǲŸҪ뿪Ƭ򣬾ͷֱһεϸסˣô޷εϡ
ˣֻΪҵ顭׼ûһӳȥе˷ܣҲһ㲻̡
ʵˡסһ飬һ뵽ôļıɱоôһΡ
֮ʵ¡úõĹӶѣ޳컯ŪˣջߵһΪסսĸԴ
Ͷ򴫡ĳĳѾסɵˣһ֮У˲ǧˣסȴƬؿռУôضưոݣ֮Ӧþս˰ɡ
ǴӵϹˣܶ鼮˼άȽϿҲܹһܶ顣
ھһ󣬾֪ΪΪսӡ
һ֮вῪսҲԲܼ򵥵Ľ
ˣԶ׼ˣһս᲻ῪֻҪǰ׼ɡ
׸еԼ̫󣬾ҡҡͷЩ˼˦˳ȥʼµΡ
ţȻǿܹսƽ֣Ϊʥ֮ԵʡǹȻʱޣٹʮ뿪ͻῪʼ˥⡣
׶ų׺Ƭ̣֪Ҫĵġ
Ȼ׾ְѵͼ˳
ڵסˣ⻹һסǵǺǿһ˿ԶԸ׾ŵͼ뿪
ˣ
һռĴֱӾһѻıϡ
ƣ
һôѺѻıնˣȻʥֲ뵽ڡ
һö컯ɵˡ
ЩСȻֻʣʮ׾ٵɱǡ
ɱһ֮׾ͷԼڲ֪УѾɳΪһˡ
ڸմԽʱ¾㲻ɴ׵֮һˡ
Ȼһεɻɱʵǵĵͼشá
ûתռҪֻʮȻҲԻɱǸѻûɡ
һ
պ컯ת˿ռ䡣
һΣ׵Ŀһƴɽ׵壬Ǵɽףһֱ֮Ϊݵ޵塣
ݵ޲Զصףڵصʱǻǿĸ֪ɶ˵ûκá
׵ȻڵصսֻõͼѶݵ˳Ȼǰôն˶ݵޣȻְʥ뵽ڣ˽˶ݵޡ
һ
㣬׾ͻΪոʼոΧ
ĸֱ׻ɱ˵ʮʱΧ壬ڱնɱˡ
ôսУ׿ɲÿһζ˳Ҳмһ־ͱԷ֪ˣҺøΧ嶼ǿԱǷֺҲ԰ɱ
ǣһЩʱܵһЩˣһҺ컯
ڱ˲䣬׾ôжǿ鼡⣬æö컯µѪѸ
ˣ׽Щס󣬳Ǵ³ĵطЩʹ⣬طûκ⡣
ˣҪϢһʱ䡣
ôεĿռתս׵ľ뵽ƣ״̬õͼصڡ
ڡ
Ժͽս׹Ȼͬǰʥ֮þ󣬾ͱԽԽȻղָնɱˡ
ҲǱɱ˳׺󣬱Ϸˡ
ְ֮ѳ׵ʬˡ
ò˵ʬҲǷǳģϾĳоʡר๤ˡ
̫׽ǣϢе㷱ңĪǸղ뿪ʱҲսε׻֮󣬾ͷ׵״
״·޷صģԲֹǶεˣĸҲˡ
һɱһЩл뿪סھʲôһνס壬Ҳһܹӳˡ
һ˵ţһ߽ԼġƵóʼĬⱾݣáƵָ
Ҳ˵ڿ뿪𣿡εҪ飬æһ䡣
һһЩҪԲ뿪
׵Ȼˣھռûҵʱ䣬װյĺãܹջ񼸰ö컯
ֿ޼ɵռ컯ս˵ǷǳѵãȻˡ
Ҫ֪͹⼸ջټ֮ǰջϵ飬Ѿﵽ˿ɹ۵ǧö
ֻҪŬһ£ôǧö⡣
Ҫʲô飿ε˫г˺档
㲻Ҫ֪ûи߶εԼ뷨˵εʼָ


48 ѡ
Ƶǰ֮飬ײⱾݣֱĬⱾ֮ʱϾͻÿСʱʮҵٶȻָ
ָٶȣͬоǿŵĴڡ
֮⣬Ƶָܹ׵ľ΢׵ľ

ڡ
С벻칬̫׽ǾȻСεײԼһɲ
εıֺε̾һȻ˵СҪ̫ĺġ
ҾǺ棬ͻȻûм칬ˡε˵Ļ
֮ǰΪûѡ칬ΪеĹ˼ɺܶࡣ
ֱڼεͻȻֺ칬һ칬ܣԼ׵ܡ
ֻϧεһȻ˵ĺܴΪ˰ĶѾΧĿռ䣬ԶεĻһֶû
εûбʾҲֻܹ̾һȻҲóʥӡ
Ժǣڸղźͳ׵սҲ˲ԲֹҪָͬҪָ
ָһĹ̡
ʮСʱġƵҲͻָһʮѡ
Һʣµ壬رǿĴڣƾЩֻðʱ䣬ջٶö컯
֮Ϣ˰죬űʼԡ
һסȻСģҲ֪ԼĻˣɲŶˡۡһɱֱռ˽ǧö컯
ͬʱҲԼٶϣָ֮ʱǵıѾˡ
ǧʮö컯ңһ˫ѪͫķȻʥӵѪԼһЩСҴ˴֮еջˡ뿪֮ǰһԼڵĲƲ
ʵ׵ЩƲ棬Ҫ컯Ϊˡ
һö컯ǰߵһ
Ϊ˵Ϊܵ˺ֻҪʱûô컯Ϳ԰Ȼ컯ĺô
ϧһȥ֮Ǻĳ˰ɡװ̾һ䣬պЩƷԺǰ
λһս˵һļ䣬Ǵ˴뿪Ǻ̫׽ײڱ¶ˣһǷԸ칬׿Ժ˵ôһ
׶УǼ칬ôԼ˵Ҳǲѡ
Ҽ룬ǵµĳŵ򳿵һվ˳ʵײ˵Ҳʵġ
򳿶¹ŵԣ˵ֻҪװȳȥȻɱЩסôͻ칬
ˣȻԡ
ܺã
׶򳿵ͷȻվԼߣٶȿĸ
ǸҵĵϵҵһһغҵδҲܼ칬ǵһԵģһʼûκ֯
Ժʱμκεѧ֯
֮⣬ҲȻǲԸ칬ˡ
޷ȻǶѡôھǳȥɡ
ǲԸ칬ҲûҪɱǡ
ȵȣҡʱεͻȻסס
СҪҲһˡεסףͲµ˶εĴ㣬æѡ
εĻĬƬ̣һ˵Բ𡣡
㡭ˣ֪εѾ˾ϡ
̫׽ǣԸ칬Ҫ֪ϵʥ֣ԼʵݣǶεҪʵǱĸĥˡ
ҴӦ㡣
ױǲʵݵģʵϸҲûʲôһǽй©Ա֡
ãôҾͼ칬εһڣȻߵԱߡ
С칬̫ˣ֯Ļôܣѵ벻һ𣿡һյӿŶεף˵뷨
İɣ칬ǽ֯ǵĿҲΪãһպȻסײ˵ֱӾͰʣµݵ˳ڴ
ңҲûƭ
áƵ˵Ȿ֮鿪ʱԾ츣ࡣ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿʹӽе鼮ҲͿԳˣͺñ״ӡͶ򴫡еõƪǾһ㡣
ûдƵǰ׸޷ļ硣
Ƶ֮׵Ժоͳ˹Ǿ
Ҳ˵ֻҪڰѹǾдǱͻΪ顣
ֻײûôΪǾֵܻģ״ύܻ
̫׽ǣھʣˣӦÿĿ˰ɡװߺ󣬶εʹߴױ¶ݡ
εļȻõһԵ컯һ˵ľˡһ˵ţһɢȥݵĵۡ
ĻûдεΪ̫ǿѡ칬˵ĻԵ컯
εһֱȥ˵һļͻҪ
㣬ףε׵ò׵Ǿ仰ǲ˼Ķҿ
Ȼ㣬ǶСˡҲһ㶣֮ǰҲ׾̫׽ǵͷǸͷһͱˡ
˭룬ԭľ̫׽ǡ
̫׽ǣҲʥˣε֪׵ʥͽݣ˰ϵһ
ܰͲ֪칬Ĵڡҡҡͷ˶ε
㾹Ȼֱʦ֣㡭εָ׵ģתһ룬־ײ÷ִ
㲻ʥͽܣʥʦͽϵ
ܿ죬ε뵽һ㡣
ֻܰǺϵѣǧҪŽܰΪְ칬κˣ´μ֮ǰ޷ְǡ׾ΪʥԼԲŻѵġ
ô칬˭ʳһؼԵ⡣
һ˵꣬ױЦһ˵Ҿۣ
ۣˣ
εʱȡ
ΪԼһ֯˭֯쾹Ȼֻһҵ
ںڼ칬ʵǻûǩ֣˳ü׼ε̬ȣже㲻ˣǱ̽Ե˵һ䡣
ʵ׵òʱ׾ֻѡ
һ칬
ڶǾǸᡣ
򳿺Ͷεֻѡѡˣ׾µȥ֡
εҪˣ׵ΣƾյǱʥ飬ԼԺжЩ֪ʶͲûݡ


49 ͬķӳ
򳿰˵˾仰ʵ֪׵ݺ󣬶칬ǿá
칬ûзչҲ˵Ԫϼ
ȻеڣҼȻѾѡôȻͻ칬ġεε˵һȻ֡
ԶεͻȻĶױɻʵʲô
㲻˵ҪǩǸʲôôεкƣ˵ʱҲе㲻ͷ
ûںΪεԺĸ߲Ƣ֮ˡ
㣬úˡ
˵꣬ͰͶ򴫽˶εϡ
εܲӹͶ򴫡ʱ򣬶ûϸⱾ֣Ȿ鷭׼ǩԼ֡
ףе㲻Ծ˲䣬εЩԾﲻԾҲûз֡
δңãã˼
鼮󣬶εȻ˿ƪʫʫԣͼ¿ȥ
Դ̹ƺɣٴǱ档
ȺʣԳơ
֪컯Ԫ뿴Ͷ򴫡
ǡͶ򴫣
ȶεʫʱ֪ﲻԾˡ
ǡͶ򴫡ŵĵʥ顶Ͷ򴫡εˣ˿Լڻ֮С
Ϊȷһ㣬εĶϸ۲졶Ͷ򴫡ֽš
ʱϵʥֽҳȶεϺ󣬲˵ûдˣġͶ򴫡ʥԭ
һҹϸȻǩְɡȻóε𾪣Ҳ֮С
ǡͶ򴫡ߣ֮ǰ˵Ǳ鲻ǵġεһ䣬ȻѡƵˡͶ򴫡
ʵͶ򴫡鼮âǽɫƵĹâǰɫԭӦúܺģε׹Ҹıɫ
֪ε˵ʲôְѡƵٻ˳˵Ϊ˲й¶ݣȷʵ˵һЩѻⱾȷʵǡͶ򴫡
˻һ鼮֣εʱһ𾪵˵ʥԭʥֽҳ㵽˭
׾Ȼְһʥԭóˣûƭˡ
ǣһٶȻóʥ飬ʥֽҳʥ飬һεһʱе޷ܡ
˵ε޷ˣҲ޷ܡ
ףѲʥתһʥ߶׵壿򳿵ĿǵǱȽȷ׿ɲϵġ
ҼȲʥתҲǶ壬Ҿס΢Ц˵ţȻѱԶдʮĹ¸ǽһߡ
ԭʮ꣬ʮ죡һȻ˵ֲīʥô֪ǡͶ򴫡ߣƾⱾʥֻ٣֮ͬҲûκˡסĶ֡
ʥԭʥӡᲢۡ
Ȼֳ߱ԭսҲֳԭսԶ
ˣôһȥ׶áͶ򴫡ôڵûһ׵Ķ֡
򳿣ˡԭôΪģȴҡҡͷ˵īʥҲ֪Ͷ򴫡ϣǲܹϢȥ
ʲôīʥ֪һ㣬Ϊʲôô㣿Լ˺һƵӡ
εҲˡ
벻׾ȻôܣȻߣҲСӡε¶˺ġ
ⲻΪͶ򴫡͡ƵҲΪʥܰīʥ顣
һͨȻǲʥйġ
ʵǸĸʥߣǸʥйģǸʥصʥҲŲСĹ
īʥ֮ҵʵһжΪһ顣Ȼ˵׾͸ɴѡסʥҲ˳
һʥ飬εҳǽҳ
סʥֺ򳿺ͶεһʣǾ׵жٱʥ顣
ѾóˣǸ׻óı
ⱾʥǡסҲ˵Ǹصʼˣεˡסʥֺ󣬱㲻پⱾ飬뵽档
һµϵҲ𽥱ܣԼʼ˵ݣôʥ߼ҲҪ֡
Ϊȡ߹һɵˡ
ȻЩ˱ʥ棬ҲԵõ˲ٺô
ʼݣʵ߹Ҫʥ߻߹ֻҪʼ˵ͷκһʥ߶Զ׳֣Ϊȫ
Ҿʼˡ̹ȻϣȻЦŶε˲Ϣ顣
ôңҳҸղС㣬Բ𣡡ε׵Сͨ죬Ҳ֪ΪλôԼǸɴǸ
ʮ㴴ʥ飬ǹһˣԶʱڣҲûйļءҲ̾һ
ͬԼ׵Ĳ̫ˣ˵ûпɱԡ
ˣֻʥ顣з򳿵Ļ
ôһ˵һ£Ȼһʥֱ׳˵ԣͶ򴫡סټϵһ飬ⲻʥ𣿡
Һʱ˵ⱾƵʥˡҡҡͷȻѡƵϵϢȥˡ
ǿѹⱾʥ飬ġܵˡƵѹ򳿸ȷԼû
û֪סˣ˵ⲻʥ飬㱾ܵΪ˵顣
򳿣Һʱ˵ⱾˣѾЦݣͬʱ̾װĲȷʵи˷緶
飬Ҳʥ飬Īǡ˵򳿷·ʲôͬʱҲֳ˼顣
˼£һʱе˵ˡ
ڣʱεȫ򳿵Ǿ仰飡ⱾƵ飿飿
εһ˺ü䣬ȷԼ뷨
鲻ͬʥ飬ĿǰĴ½ѾûˣͳΪ˴˵ϵⱾҪĻô칬Ļ
ʵ㡶ƵⱾ飬͹ԡͶ򴫡͡סԣ˵ѾĻˡ
ȫǣƵԽʥ飬ûгΪ飬ֻܹǰ֮顣˵ⱾƷʡ
Ȼ飡벻һ֪ԼĻ֪᲻εЦĴа֮Ҳ顣
ˣεʱҪйһԼ
Ϊ˷йεȻһ˵׵ϣݺݵĽ§ڻУͣĴЦ


50 뿪ǰ׼
׿ε˲󣬱еεʵڵ𣬾һ֮ѡ
أε˵Ȼֵã˷ܵ˵е㲻ˡ
ףⱾóҪӡһ𣿡ȻҲ֣侲֪ȰѡƵõֺǲĻ
ǩֺ󣬡סͶ򴫡Ƶ㶼ֳһ
ҪľʵԶ칬Աʵ鼮Ҳġ
鱾Ǹ˿ģҴŻ粻д
ǰΪߵף֪ϲԼǺ£˶Լ飬Լдʱͬеˡ
ǩԼ֣
ѹҪ飬æڡͶ򴫡ϣǩ֡
֮㿪ʼóһװõĿհ飬ʼѡƵݳȥ
Ȼ٣鷨ǵ׵ļ˲СʱͰݶˡ
֮鼮ףȻʼеݡ
ڣѾʽ칬׻ѡ¡Ÿ򳿡
򳿵׾ְעŵ˶εϡ
ʱεڱףֻڵʶġ
仰˵ǾǶε˯ˡ
ǵģԺľӢôΪС¾ͼ˯ˡҪѶεջûô
ʱ򣬾ȫҪСʱңҲǺż뿪
ҲɶεһֱԼǾСĵİѶεԼŪСĵķŵһϡ
֮ױҸط°һŪˣڿɲܹŮˣȻѾͷɲŹҵġ
һ뵽¸飬׾̲ס̾һ
ףܸ˵˵칬ڵ𣿡Ѿ鼮޷ȥ飬Ա졣
ղҲˡƵⱾʲô𣿡׷һ䡣
⡭򳿻汻סˡ
Ϊ˻ش׵⣬ְֳóۣȻεҡҡͷ˵Ȿ̫£Ҹ
㿴Ϊһ֮飬ȻۣҲܹģʥҲѿֻҪⱾţͿԻùͨ𣿡׸򳿽һ
ʲôⱾܵ

ܣ඼޷ӦΪķȻ鹵ͨط򣬵ǵȴȱݣܡ
ֱ׵߸֪׵Ľͺ󣬵һӳǲš
˵˵ţ뵽ⱾļǾǰ֮顣
ΪⱾ֮߸編ԴӽͶԸӦˡ򳿵˼
ġЦŻش𵽡
Ȼ˲ö飬ҲܹӦô˵һµʱ٣סѹʷҲܿҪ𣿡
һ㣬ҳϣϣ׸һȷĻش
ˣǶҪһ̡ҲôΪģҲ֪ʱʵһܡ
һƵ̫£˵ˣ׶޷⡣
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װЩдҪ˶֪ĻҲҪѧϰſԡ
Ҫһ㣬ǾһģѧϰЩ֪ʶôסض֪£ʱֶԿȻᷢ
ǶԸһͺǳˣ֣ô˵һ֮١
ˣҲ˵ϵƣ칬ߣҪϵڰԴ˲ס֪顣򳿵ͷ׵⡣
ԡ쳵ǲԵģҲŻݰ칬׳ȥ㡢ܻ𣬻жεھ칬Ĵˡ
Ϊ룬ϣ£Աʱͬѹ칬ܣԵĻȡǵʦҲ칬
׵θڲСҪ£ѧͬʱҪ£Ժǡ
ֻҪһѣΪ˼֮ǰ칬Աǲ֪ԷͶ򴫡͡Ƶڵġ
ܹܲˣȫҪ򳿡ܻ𡢶εȸ
칬ܹİҪڽ칬ǩܹõ
Ҳ̾һ˵һΰ飬ǾȻҪ˵ηηţơ
¿ͷѣֻҪȥĻ칬ΪһʥأֻڳɳڼĥѣֻܹԼŬȥˡ
ڳ칬֮ʱ׾֪̱ضޱȣûдĻҲѡôһ·
εȻ˾ɣһҪǰһϷءڰѶεŵʱͲεѹˡ
ղ˵ʱֶεĺü͸ȷһ㡣
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εһе˫ֽӹ鼮Ȼǩ֣űæóװõĿհ鿪ʼ
ֻҪһϸ϶ſհ顣
հ鲻ֳӡͬʱҲΪͻȻУӶҪд׼ġ
ֶҲ֮ģ˵׼ʲôʱ֣ԳڱſհбҪġ
ҳˡ
ʮӺ󣬶ε黹ס
ܺãô׼뿪뿪֮Ϊ˲¶ҵݣҪǸα֤ĺȫ档
֪ȥĻһᱻɣε򳿻˵֤֪Ǳص̫׽Ǹסˡ
׾ͲͬˣҪôĻͱҪһڣһ˵Ĺȥ˻ɵĽڡ
Ľڣûʲô˸Ӻˡ
ʲôҪıԼͬʱֵڣ
У̫Σˡ
˵Լ뷨򳿸εæȰ˵
ԭǴαװԼȻ򳿺ͶεԼȥʱͿ˵̫ܵ׽ǵָ㣬Ű׾
Ȼ㲻̫ãЧֻ򳿸ε֪ǲŲͬ׵ķ
ѾֻŲ˻ɣеҩܹԸ
׿óǵԼǱ컯˳


51 
ȥɣȻǾ֪˵ķʵõķˡ
򳿡ε˶һۣȻ컯һȥ
ҩҵ
ŨڵǿȻǽⶾҩƾͿ԰ˡ
ĵҩƾȫ֮УֻҪ˲ܹȻ
컯򳿸εͬ׵ķ
Ļһö컯𲻵õģҪöС
Ҫǰ׻ΪĶۣȴˡ
ˣڵԺҰɣһ֪ĸԺء֮ǰһֱûлʣҪһˡ
ףĺԺԺսԺεԺԺ򳿻ش׵⡣
֪ˣ벻ǸȻĺԺûرķӳΨԼȥĺԺ΢һ¡
ףĺԺλڴڣڵҸǴĶңȥòҪԸֻͣҪ֪жȥ鷳˵֮󣬶εֲһ䡣
ĻʵҲڱ˵ĺԺһԻĵطױʥܰ˶ˡ
ͺñڵңǱͲηңο׻ҵˡ
ˣôҵͽˡ׼˼ڵԺ󣬾õͼһֻͨСץ˹
ҩȻʵҲֻܹԸһǴⶾԵֻԵҪء򳿼Ҫжһ䡣
Ϊ֣ܶҲкܶļ
ͨȼڵ컯ÿԿһ㡣
ǣ΢һѪҺࡢǸ
컯ȻҲֿܹһöǲġ
ٸһԸʴѪ⣬һûãͻᱻ
ںڲҲա
Ҳ֪ռʱ򣬾ͿʼѰӵͨˡ
壬ʵв١
ˣС
׶һץ֮󣬺ܿͰһСץǰ
СһȻܵĶ˹
ΪԼļƻ˳ʵУҲûзצӰԼļץˣú뵽Լڡ
˻ʹ
˵׼ץˣұȷʵرܡ
Ҳˣʹ̾˿Ȼ˵ǣҪ뿪ˣҲԺǾûмĻˡ
أ
˵꣬ǾȻһ
֪ӡ˶ĳ˵һʼ֪ԼȻͻȻֵ⣬ȴôһ᲻á
ˣǡ׼ǲͣĲȻ㸧һΧĽŴ򿪵ͼ򳿡εǵĳڡ
䣡
˲ŸոǵڴǶʱ;ҵĲ£ͿԿľ׷׵£ҲʼѣտȥҲһ˿ֱҵĸо
ˣҲ
ˣ
͵һǣȻ뿪֮ʱǰͻȻһҫ۵߲ʹâ
âÿ죬ȥҲ죬ʧ֮󣬱һɢ߲ʹâˮ򣬳׵ǰ
Ǹˮ򲻴󣬿ȥҲֻȭͷСȴӡһڱס
ײģ
ˮ֮Ҳһ㶡
ǸҵֻһڹײʲôҲ̫ˡȻܹ˵ȴ֪ײľԼ
ɣҿûйȥײĵáѾѹƵĻ߰޷ˡ
ˣҪײĵܣҲʵûǸˮ뵽˹ʱ档
ˮɢŨ˹ʱ̿
ȿȣ
׸һ뵽ֿȻ³һѪѵ˵򳿡εڿʼҽѹͿǵˡ
ףʹ಻ǧУҽΰɡ򳿾սҲ֪ιȥ˵õѡ
ԣҴȥ֮мҪ£ǴĿ飬Ǹҷöҩһ䡣
İɣ
򳿵˵꣬ʹӻóһҽ飬Ȼҽһһɢֲ
һ򳿡εæסΨ׽˽ȥ
׵Ϳʼ㽥ʧȥʶ
ҵİ㣬ײڸܵʹˡ򳿵׻Ժ󣬾͸æɢȥ
ҲȥɣҲ֪ʲôεһ˵ţһٻһ˫Ȼ׷ŵıϡ
ӵٻ޵ʥ黹ʵ㣡ĽĿһ۶εȻ˾һͬ뿪ǡ

ǣС
ʱ塢ʥѾ԰עŵÿһռڳ
ΪΪֹѾˣ塢ȴһûгֹ֣˭֪һǷʲô顣
һͶûоսĴڣټѾôĵ˾ֻˣȻεҲֻ̫һʥ
ʱ¹شȴľ뿪ˣһӦò̰ˣѲ淢ʲôʣһʥߵ뷨
Ŀռ俪ʼҡˣΪλЩʦ
ռѾʼˣΪһû
ռ俪ʼ֮ʱЩ塢ʥ̲ס¶ȻϧԼʥע뵽ռ֮УԴάֿռǿȣǵıʱ䡣
ʥǿĿռǾļҲֻܹһЩݵʱ䡣
ٿ㣬Ϊ׵ͨ籨ţڴ󲿷ͨѾ룬ʥҲصԼ֮Уֻʥ߻ڵȴ򳿵˵ĳ
Ⱥʥʥ»֪ǵ飬硢顢Ը֪ԼһЩɫ֤Ҷȥصʥߣڿڳп
ǰ˭뵽ǿռȻӡһ֮֮ǰǸǵ͸֮йءһʥ뵽ˡƵ
ƵڳǵļͱĨȥˣʥǰʥعۿʥʱȴʥûʥ飬ǾͻǸ֮ӳɵġ
֮ȷʵţҶǸ칬Ӻ档ʥ˵칬顣


52 ȭȭ
칬һضǿ֪֯Ժʥض֪ܣͬʱӵһλ͵ʥԭ
ʥе칬
֪Ϊһᵽ칬Ҿһεճóе󡣡һʥߴӡ칬ֵ˼⣬뵽дʱɵľ
Ҹ뷨һһʥߵ˵㣬˵Ǹ칬ܹ֯ϹѧǲŻ칬һεʮа˾žġ
ǺǣĪǸ֯Ǹܵġ
칬Ȼո¶ͷǣôĿҲᱩ¶ֻҪע⼴ɣùͶ뾫Ϊ֮칬Ҫ
ʥǶݵһй칬飬Ȼְѻת֮档
֮Ĳ²⣬ʥǺźܶ
䣡
ûõʱǵĿռҲڿʼֱ߽⣬ЩʥʥҲάĿռ䣬ֻܹͣȥ塢һ
ˣӰˣ
СӰ࣡
࣬һ˵ġ
ˡ׵ע֮£˳Ȼס򳿡εˡ
Ӱٶ죬ȥץȻһ忴ǳֺ󣬵һ뷨ץǡ
ٶһҪҴ
Ҳ⣬ҲֱɳĴڡ
塢嶼ʵΪ壬ǵҪǿȻڴ
֮У൱һҵߣĸְ˵ӦڹڣײԶ֡
һ¹عʱ̣ҲͳһЩߡ
Ͼʥ֮Լ飬ǲֱܹӳָ棬ͲͬˣǿֱӶֵġ
򳿸εε滹ŸˣǸףīʥҲû뿪ʥ֮һΪڵȴס
˵ʵ칬̫׽ǵʱһ뵽˾ס
ΪܹīʥŻӳ
ϸ˼֮īʥΪǸ̫׽ǲףΪ׸ûнӴ칬Ļᡣ
ʵīʥȴʥߣΪʥĹϵһֱע׵֪׽ѩԺ֮Ŷٳ˸ûлӴ칬֯ˡ
ѩԺҲ⣬ΪϸˣûһֵûɵĶ
ֱ±˴īʥвһ
ⲻ˵ϣϣ࣬һܳʱˣ˸ǸԺ̫׽ǡ
ѩȥѱ򳿺ͶεǰƽĴīʥ塢ж󣬱ߵ˵ָ
ǸΪѩߵõ󣬶˵һԾֱӴīʥڵķ˵ϣȻѼٶ׵ķȥ
˰ѩ֮⣬ʥҲԼȥӪס
Ƕ֪ʼˣԲױסߡ
ο˵ýᣬǷһء
ǰĻûϡ׵飬ʼƺţôʥ߶ϣܹ顣
û֮ĹϵҲϣױһѺõ̬ȡ

ռڴ򳿡εһ͸ܵʮǿǡ
Щǿʥ߼ģϤҲİ
򳿣סŸֳˣϢεŸûͣ˽ŲȻٻĸ޴ްǱ
϶ɳ˵ҲûʲôʥǱ֪ʼˣһ֧ԮģֻҪȵ֧Ԯɡ򳿺ܿ˴㡣
֪鱨ıֻҪ֪鱨ͿΪȷѡ
סٶ죬򳿲֪׵ݣ϶һʱѡٶߣٶ˵Ҳûã˵бץ
Ͼʱ
ֱؾͲͬˣ򳿺ͶεϿŰ֮Ĵڡ
ֻҪֳⱾ飬ľѹ˵ûá
һڷϣһЩʱҲǿġ
ˣ
֮򳿺Ͷεͷ·ֻܵ޳嵽ǰ
Զս
Ĺ򳿶˵óʥӡĳһ˳
һΣҲǻ˲ң̫ˣóԼĻ˲ͻᱻ°ߡ
ڶεٻޣøǵжԼֹ֡
һʮ󣬶εٻԶޡޣ㱻ָɵ
ʱεѾľʱ𲻵ˡ
⣬ɡ
һΣ򳿶ʥ֮ǸԶ彫ٻ˳
򳿵Ľλͣʥ֮ٻҪͨǿϺܶࡣ
ֺǸʱͱסˣֻ治ͣ򳿵ս
ҪƽսķͲ࣬ڲ֪սĻôƽķֻһľսʱ䡣
սĴڣǷ򳿵ս֮󣬵һʱ˶εޣȻƿս
ֻϧڶʥ֮ʱ޷ˡ
֮ѡסΪƣ湥վ׮Ҫǿϲ١
κٻԶսǿҲǼ˲ʮӣ㱻Ǹһȭˡ
ʲôˣǿƣ˿ڸǵĿģߡ
Զսձ򱬣֧Ԯڸ˹ľȻ߲һ㵹򳿺ͶεЩ⡣

ҲӦ˰ѩϢ󣬶ʱŭһȻתűһȭȥ
һȭԼȫ
һȭȭͷδҾҪȭˡ𾪵Ŀȭͷһȭж
ɽᣬ㻹ǹɽײɣǿǰѩȴη塣
飡
ȭײʱͬɽѰȻһͬ˽ʮ
߼սѩ߾Ҳ߼׳
£εͻȻֵŮӣȻڽսϸºеȻ𾪡
ǸŮ·ˣ㿴ǵ˫֡
Ѫˡ
һ˵꣬εע⵽˰ѩȭͷŲٵѪȴһ鶼ûС
Ĳ𣬿ɶ죬治ƽεΪŮˣͬĸо


53 ʥ
Ľ棬ջʤһǰѩĿȴѾﵽˡ
˴εĿ겢׵ģѾǣס˽Ųʣµľֻһ
ᣡҵĻᣡ
Ӱ򳿵Զս飬ѩֱסжʱһϲúȻӰ˳ȥ
ţã
ӰΪԼҪɹˣŸһ֣͸оһ־Լ
ǹ־Ǻǿ쳣ķ·һѳϵĽһ
ಣ
Ȼ͵ӰһܵΣ֮ʱƿնһٴɢ˺ӰӰ
ӰȻɢǺܿ־ۼһ𣬻ָ˺Ӱ״̬
һߣɶ񣡡ӰصǸʵȴɿ׵ߵӺ¶صɫ
ǿĽ⣬ĽޣҲ֮йǿְҵ֮һҲܵ˽޵ǿһ
ޣеһ֡
һ޽ߣ϶ЩȭȵߵǿᣬǵĹҪЩǿ
ǵֳٻ齣֮ʱǵսҪһΡ
ڣ֮ų˰ѩһߣһ޵ߣ򳿵Ҳǰȫˡ
ལޣҵܵ
Ȼ͵ΪԼȫʱͻȻһŭ漴һ뾶׵ľ޴˲γɣȻڵķȥ
γɻ֮Ϊصʦε˾޴֮󣬾֪еʦˡ
ֵʦԸոճֵ彣г
Ҫһ㣬ǾʦҲ
ʦĹԶͬͨ壬һǾ鷳ˡεǵĿżµĻ
ʦͨµʦǿҪǸǷӵأôһʦ͵ֵͨ
õģ䲻ġ
ȻҲΪʦĳָеһ˿ȣҲֻ֪ҪԼߣôǸʦĹǿ죬Բ˵ĵǡ
Ȼ򳿵ĸһ˵꣬һ޴ˮƾճֱ֣ӰǸ
˻˻
ˮܿ໥ͻջΪһƬʧ֮䡣
ѧʿˣ
ˮֵʱ򳿱֪ߵ֧Ԯˡ
ѧ峵Գ淽ΪѧʿѧʿһĴڼһҲ̫ࡣ
ǺܳοԴ˵һƵ飬ҶҲҪһҲѳһѧʿ
࣬ǽǴһս𣿡ѧʿֵ˲䣬һվ˳
࣬ǱҪ㲻ǸңôǾһˡ
˵䣬˳
Щ׷Գ֮Ȼﵽ˿ֲʮ
ʮĴڣа˸˸
Ǹղųֹ޵ʦʮ֮С
Ҳ˵һ彫ҪԵĵˣʮ߸Ĵڡ
ʮŸۼһ𣬾һɿֲսҪǵս֮УǰסǵĽŲ
ߣȴֻаѩޡѧʿˡ
ʾҲûż֡
ΪǿǸѧʿõһʥ飬Ҫǰٷ֮ٻģͬʱҲһҪ䡣
ļֻʮ˷֮һ˭Ҳȥðա
ο岻ֻܾ߶սֱӶ־ԲǣֻҪ
ס뷨УֻҪһ壬ôԻͬǵκҪ
˵Ѿǹˣʷ֮У岻֪˶ٴƵľ
ǣΪǸѧʿҪ׵˽ȥʱѧʿȴҡҡͷ
ҲȫǣǸʥĹѧѧʿܾͬʱ̧ʥš
Ǵʥţвʥߡ
ʥȻǩԼ˽Բʥ֮µսʥʥ֮ǿԻսġ
ҵʥǸŮˣ
ҵʥƾһ֮սʤʥ֣ѧô涯á
ʥܰžȻ쳣ãǸѧʿһ˵꣬Ͷ˲Ӭһһѿӡ
һж鹦ܰܰڱۡǣסǰһЩ顣
ͬʱ¼Ҳ¼סĵ伮֮С
ڣֻҪϵĴڣûм֪ʥܰš
еֵηǣܰһʥߣ֪ܰڵʲôز
ңʱ棬סҲû˵ܰͽܰҵĵӣҲɵıǸɱˣܰĻɱһʥʥױ
黻ʥߣ²֣ܰĻǾͲòĴ㡣
ȻǸʥߵѧôǿԲҪҪǡһıҪ
ңҲû
ȻԣҪģֻҪҰȥ͵Ϊֹס岻ܹκ鷳ѧʿȻͬˣȻ򳿺ͶεƽϢ¶ˡ
˵֮ѧʿкǲܡ
ǣӵرȫףԼҲҪȫף˶ν
ֻܹж򳿺Ͷε˵Ǹˡ
׽ңΪ˲º󻼣ұҪڰ
ѧʿӶεϰ׶˹ȥȻʼ
λǰôǣ
εѧʿһʱȥѧʿۣŸ㱻ѩסΡ
εм㿴һۡѩ˵꣬Ͱ߸ŷ⽻˶ε
Ҹ׵ıʼǣʦıʼǣȻԺεǿŷо͸еһίΪѾµݡ
ǻϣŷ⣬Լˡ
ϧ
Ȼ𡣡
ŷ֮󣬶εоԼҪ
ֹҲյŷ⡣
ͬǣ򳿵żǸ޴ġ
ŵݣȥҪ򳿸ס壬סȫ֮ΪͬʱҪ͸¶칬顣
ŷⶼ׼ˣǻû뿪ʱǾѾǡԹ޵Ŀŷ⣬ǽһ䡣
˵ʵȻӴֹۿ˵ǲѡ񣬵ŵ˭ϣƶεеԹޡ

Ҳ࣬Ȼ˽򳿵ĸܣҲֻܹĵͷ
УԲ
ʱͻȻ˹


54 
ױιȥ󣬾ʲôʲôоˡ
ǣѧʿڰ޶ʱҲ˳ɢڵ㣬˹
һ򳿶Խ޵ʣȻڽΧĳ׾֪б䡣
УܹΪ˲򳿺Ͷεȥʹ˵⼸֡
ѧʿȻˣڵûɾ˵ܷѾ
ףˣε׵󣬶ʱͿ˻ȥϣ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣаһþˡ
ףסô࣬ǿ϶ưոݣֻʵ˵ѾõĽˡѧʿ׽һ䡣
֪׸ε򳿵ĹϵԵΪֱܲҪ
УڸԶ֮ʱԲʲô£ԲסͷҲϿɣȿȡ˵Ȼ滰⻰е˼ȴʵ뷨
ʵ׵뷨Ϊ򳿰Լ󣬾ͻᱻʥǽߣʱǰͨõƭȥͿˡ
˭֪ûа׵뷨򳿸ε뵽Σ֮С
˲򳿺Ͷεǲ칬Աǲʶˣ鷢
ףʥأϣǲҪȻ̣ǰȥ
Ȼڸ˵˵֮ȴ˵ǺǣҲӦ㣬ϧҵ칬ˡ
֪Ѿ칬Ǹ֯أһвɸ˵ĿģҲ֪Ǹܻ칬һԱҪ칬˿Ȼܹܻ֡ѧʿ֪ĶѾ֪ˣ֪ȻҲһ֪
Уѧʿ򳿡εԸȥ˿֮Ҳʱȫޡ
򳿡εԺӦڽ֮ǰ׼ھԼȴҵʱΪεزҪŤŤ̰ѧʿȻ򳿡εŭ
ŭ֮֮£ε򳿱ˣվƶЩȡ
Ѿ˵ˣǻֻͨԺôȻھͰǵķԸȥҲ칬һԱѾˡεŴѧʿѹѵ˵仰
칬ҵҪ칬ʲôֶΣܹʥص
ѧʿͬͨ칬ס
ң칬Щ߲ĸоһأʵûбʾκʵ֯
֯ҪôǿҪôװŪôǿԺԺĵزȻҲòڰˡ
ס֣͵ȴѧʿҪֵʱѾзö컯һƣȻ˵λǰûӺͶС㣬ֻѾ֮СУ칬̫׽ָžңԽǲȥġ
һ˵ţһվ
Ϳȥ֪Ҫ١
ѧʿĻû˵꣬һ˽
ιûУȥͱǳˡ
塢ڵȲȥˡ
ѧʿ÷ǵĻ塢̸ݣס˫ı۲죬֪һ˷򳿺Ͷε
ǰȥ磬ҪЩס˵Щ
תͷס壬һЩ뷨
У̫Σˡѧʿҡҡͷͬ׵
ǣ׿ɲЩԺʵѧѧʿͬ⣬ֱóۣʥƿ˸磬ߵЩǰ
ۡȻʥѧ
ذڶʥ飬մȾʥѪҺ鼮ھͻٵ
׵ġۡ󣬱ͬ
ףǷߣڶɰͦأη塣
һ˵꣬һЦŶСޣ
סʵΪ벻Ҳһ壬Īе˼סǷֿĻĶ𣿡׼һЦ
Цֻ˹ͬĿ꣬Ҫ֪飬Ҳͬˡһô˵æڽ
Ȼ֪ôǰɡ׼Ǹ˵ʱץסᣬ˵һߡ
ʵǸռǣ沢ûʱӣеֻһӡ˲֪֮Ǹ֮кܶסĶ̰֮ģȥַǸ֮ˡ
װǰ׼õĹ˵һߣĻȻЩסŷ
Сһƾʲô㡣
ȻǸʲô֮ôΪ಻μӱᣬοжûгˣΪƾĽڣǾܹ𣿡
Ƿ׷ҡͷʾ׵Ļ
֪ʦһصжϱǷ˵𣬲һ԰ɡھϮʱͿȥ˽һУ֪ôһ
ʵֹ壬塢嶼
ֶ϶ԵֶΣҪ˵˵ȫϲС
ֶֻҪ֪һЩ˿Ȼ׼ķܹ֪һֵ顣
Ҳ˵ķűȽϷ㣬ҲһЩ
Сӣ˵ʱǾѾϢȥƶˣƭǣôʦʥҲҪΪ˸֮ۡ˱͹ǵʦͰá֮ĸԤˡ
ã׵ͷȻȴԤ˵Ľ
ԤҪһЩʱ䣬Ӻһ޴ǰȻһʵĵ˵ͷ
׿ҲһʵûжİգΪϵģ󲿷廹ڣ֮ĳУǸõĽ÷˵֮ԡ
ʲôһ֮ǵҲ󶼱ɱ
ɶΪʲô
Сôô嶯Ȼȥ֮
ȷһ󣬸ʹļס
һΣȥĿɶһľӢмʥʹԽΪȥģȫ棬ôܹۡ
Ҳͬˣȴܵİѷߺ޷йϡ
Сӣ˵ûҲ
ҪᣬȻһľӢǶװˡ
ְɣʥѧȫɱ


55 
Ѿ¶Ҫɱеˡ
ȻִҪսôԵ㵽ף
벻ʱ꣬Ϸлˡ
Ҳһ¡
͵Щ㶯֮ʱѧʿ˳
Щ³ֵѧʿһסˣԴ˱ʾǶ׵İΣǹġ
ͨһ㣬ױ֪Լʼ˵ݣ֮еĸ߲Ҳˡ
ǣһ뷨һƽϢڷ粨뷨
λǿɷһԣȻڶ֡
͵Ҫѧʿսʱвһ仰
Сӣ뿪ǿʥϲɱ㣬ǲ뿪ôǾͰҲɱˡһɷĿף·Ҫɱһ㡣
ʵȷʵǼɵʥܰɵ²һȻϣŭܰҪսĻҲ¡
οܰ㶯ҲȥʥߣȺ
λȻʵΪôҽ͸ʵԶһ֣ɸҽС׿Ĳͷֱ˵뷨
Զģʲô˼Ǹһ㶡
ܼ򵥣һ֮ͬʱս˸˸˵ĻһԲǰӮ˵Ļ鵽Ϊֹ
׵뷨սһС
СӣһٵȻԶսȺЦЦʱЦһûа׵Ļһ¡
Сӣ壡Ǹŭ壬ΪԵĿǡ
ߵûΪ׵ĻЦ׵Ķע󣬶ʱ뵽˹ؼһ㡣
˸˸ʮĪǴ㶯Ǹ
Բܱ¶ν׸ǼƷҪá
ѩīʥˣӦ֪īʥ˼ڸϿףȥ
ѧʿһתͷ˰ѩ
ѩͷߵǰһףһȥīʥˡ
һ˵̧꣬Ҫ״Ρ
׵ʱȴͻȻоһ˫ŭ۾ڶԼ˫۾ס
׼ѩԼ֣Ȼ
̫ųֻίȫҪı硣
£
׻޾ŭ԰ѩһ
ֵ˲䣬ؾȻΪ֮һȻֳ˰ѩǰӲİ˻ȥ
Գ棬ܣѩ˺󣬶ʱ뵽˴֮УǲһͷߣҲʱԵøߴޱȡ
ȻĻǸղͻȻֵ֡
֣Գ棬Ǵѧʿӵеͨȴ׵ϡ
ѾԳѾ𣿲Ӧֻõдɷġһѧʿ侲ķһ׵״̬
Ӧˣ׹Ȼ֮еţĻδܹΪ߳ʥߡһѧʿҲпһ䡣
ȻͬڵǰһǻѪĸסսֺγ
Щѧʿ̫̫ĶЩûа취ֻܹһжΪ롣
ʥؾĴڣҲˣʥȻܶ飬ɻʥأκĿǰ޷ʥء
ٿסǱߣǴʱҲֹͣЦͷŭصĿź˰ѩס
Գ棬ǸŶôʹﵽľ磿
򵥰պĴС
ҲҲΪĴС
Ϊδ룬ΪӦôӦҪ󣬲ԼȻһߴɱ
ûǿЩѧʿ֪һγ϶ǻ޷ˣȻ׶˵Ҫ˼춪ƤҲܷ
ǵʥҲҪɱ
׳Գͨʱ֪ǿСˡ
ʵϣΪһͨ򲻹ֻҪӦ׵ĶԼ׾ͻᱻɱ
СӣǴӦȷֻҪˣͻһԲ𣿡һ׷ڣֱվӦ׵Ҫ
Сӣ֪һĴѧʿʮֻҪ¶ĶԼʮѧʿǩôǾ͸ġһ
ܴˣ˸ɴʮѧʿǩԼĻһ岻гŵôʮѧʿ
һס˵Ǵ׬
Ͼһͨ棬ܹһѧʿոˡ
һΪҲһҪ󡣡׵ͷͬסҪ
˵޷
塢ʱǺһ㣬Ƿ·Ѿ׵ʲôҪǶӦ
һȻҲԶҪǴսս˭պ󶼲໥
˵ļƻǾս
˸˸ʮˣһҲʮһʮˣòѡ
ԭ㣬СһΣսʽȷʵ棬ھԵǰνڸҲûáһһЦûа׵ҪС
ĻȻĳ˴ս
ɴ˿ɼƾžԵƽǸ˵ս
棬ͨվӵλϣõļӳ֣Ǳӳֵֻǿûо磬Ҫкַܶһ岻õģˡһȻҲЩ˽⡣
ȵȣϸһ룬Сӷ·źܴţһթҲһĵǸоﲻԾ
թΣֻһˣֻܹ÷ӣӱٸ߳ҲᱻǴ򱬡
УսǱ֮սֻҪǸԴǲݣʣѧʿˡ
ǡ
ûпǣ˵һᣬôŶˣȻһжǸ֮ΪҲйϵ׶ˣһҲˡ
Ҫ󶼱һѹ
ǱߵҲˣ˵һΪǿƸеɣΪǹģĿľǰˡ
βӭսĻסҪΪЦˡ
ʮĴڣȻҸһٵսҪǴĻʮͿɱˡ


56 ǩ
׵ĵһҪ塢ǶӦˣҴӦĺܳףʼ˵ԼĵڶҪ
ҵĵڶҪ󣬱ڵҳڶԼǩ׵Ҫ󣬸֮ǰ塢ôѧʿǩһΪ˷ֹĶԷԼ
Ȼ˵ʹսôȻǱɱЩ뷨ˡ
һôضޱȷ񣬵ʱҪûк֣ȫ濪ս֮ˡ
ȻҲǳǹһأô忪սҲˡ
ҪģǱ򳿺Ͷε
ҪԼ𣿡һо׵췽ҹ̷̲סһ䡣
ֹ׵ҪǹŹ֡
Ϊ׵ҪǾҪɱʮˡ
ô˵ֻһٵʵ벻׵š
ʥ͡סʥ飬סҲ뵽һ㡣
Ϊ嶥ѡסʥԭʹãҲǷǳðյģΪֻҪսܣôסʥͻס֮֡
ʥĻǸΪ׻ʹá
Ϊʥļ󣬿׵ֻ٣ʹʥʮӵʸûС
Щɶס峣սۼƵ֪ʶǴûмһٵʹʥ
ֻʥĴʼˣſʹüСĴ۶ʥ
׻ʼ
𰸣Ȼʼˡ
źǣ塢һ㣬ʵ벻š
СƣԾʱܻϲʹСֶΡ
˵ĲϲʹֶǾԲмƣǩˡ
ǩǩ
Ǵһ߼˳
ǣ׶ǵͷȻߵĴѧʿ˵ǰ鷳Ҳǩְɣһᡣ
ף֪ĺпǽ𣿡ѧʿĿףײʼ˵Ļȥһ١
屻סȵĹˣѵ㻹ûܹ𣿻Уһζøӵ޼ɵԼȻҪսô͸սսһս׵Ȼ֪ѧʿ˵ĺʲô
Ǹѧʿ֪ʥս׵ʤʺܸߣҪնɱЩʱǾԲʹ˰ݵģսҲض֮
ǻڰ֣ѵ˵Ļ͸𡣡ʱ˵ˡ龭ݡ
ǡǸѧʿ˵ʲôտڣһѧʿĳƶͨǵǰ
ѧʿһ֣쵽սɣƽնڸԵкٳ֣ѵлһٻɱô࣬Ȼܹ׷Źˡ
һ˵꣬óһдԼֽǩԼ
ǰ׼еһѧʿվԼдԼ϶ʱ¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ϊ˱ʾлѧʿȭһ˵лǰ棬ԼݺܺãֽҲǵؼƷԼɱ
ףҪʧһĴѧʿǩԼ֡
Բʮ䣬ٵ磬ԶսʮסԽ㽫¡ѧʿҲһ߸пţһǩԼ֡
ֻᴫ£Ҳᴫ£ƺܿҪһɷѧϰķˡ
һҲ׼ӡסʥˡ
˵һѧʿǩ󣬺ܿ߾ʹʮѧʿҶǩ֡
Щѧʿǩʱ򣬶˿ûл׻䣬Ȼһ
һѧʿǰʵף֪ѾͨʥӦĺԺģһһ䣬ǷԸսԺ
ѧʿսԺȻûǽˡ
˻ͷ㲻ҪƤѾĺԺѧˣͲҪˡ
Ǹѧʿһ˵꣬ܿһĺԺĴѧʿվָ
ǺǣսѧԺĴѧʿҲûֻۺӣ˵鶼ûг׽Ȼ㲻ĺԺѧˡ
ޣսһ𣿡ĺԺĴѧʿѾ֪ʼˣȻϣսѧԺߡ
һļսѧԺĺԺ˵һʧҲᱻԺǡѧǵĿˮû
Ϊ׿һƶĸԺǵõףôǸԺչضԶԺ
Ҳ˵ھ㲻׵ʣǳϣԺκһԺˡ
λǰҪˣǿ϶ȥĺԺġҲû뵽ᳶһϣǱæԱ̬ϣѧʿΪԼսһ
Ҫ֪ڶ滹վһȺأԼսĻ֪ǻ᲻û֡
ʵѧʿҲ֪һ㣬¹ͳе⣬治̬Ļսһ
Ϊ׵ĳ֣·˺ܶ顣
磬ǰʼ˲ʱκһԺԽκһҲѧϰΪʼ˲֣ȻҲûʲô֮ˡ
׼ݣһڵԺͳԺԺԼѧѧϰȾҪõףԼǸԺϿɲС
Ҫһ㣬Դ͵һ֡
ʵϣԴʲôĶĴԺ˵ûʲôؼպĺԺضΪ׳ΪԺеϯԺһԺҪõס
ֻҪ׵ļ룬Ժλߡ
ƣҲԺһһγֵ
ԺȻʵλõ
׵ĳȴ鷴ˣƾһ߹ʷˡ
ðɣȻѾѡôպпʱɷսѧԺ̵һѧǵҪ֪սԺǲѧǳأҡǸѧʿ˵ͻȻһ죬ȻʲôݵĻ
ȿȣսԺĴѧʿ΢ͣƬ̺󣬲ҧ˵ңսѧԺŮѧʶܸߣȻǵŮѧ٣ġòһġ
սԺĴѧʿ˵󣬱սȭͷһϣȺ̽鱨ѧûƭңײŮɫĻȥҶҪǳ顣
ۣۣ
սѧԺĴѧʿһ˵꣬״ˣĴѧʿҲһڿˮ
϶޳ܡ
϶ʲôˣڶսѧԺ
ԺĴѧʿ׷ָսԺĴѧʿ޳ܣҲоԼ޳ܣΪսԺҲǻˡ
ûǣʵסսѧԺĴѧʿ˵ָֻǵ׵Ļش
һ˵꣬ѧʿҲףͬʱĬǧҪͬ⡣


57 ս
ȺѧʿĿ⣬ҲеΪˡ
սѧԺĿǰԺ֮еϯԺǲʵǲСӵġ
˵ȥսԺҲûʲô˵ģؼǸѧʿĻ̫ˡ
ҪǴӦĻ񲻾ͳ̰ɫ֮ˣȻòҲȷʵôһ㣬ôܹϡ
λǰɲǺɫ֮ˣһȻȽһ䣬ȻٴӦǸѧʿ
ⲻһ˵꣬ѧʿɫͰ׵һָ
һȥսԺģ˵Ҳҡ
ã仰պ䲻սԺսԺΪ
սԺĴѧʿЦһŵ˸ס
ǧСôһţΪӵսԺȨպ߹еκһطֻҪսԺѧʸҪǰԼ顣
Ȼ飬ֲܳ顣
Ӧˣ׾ôӦˣ
ǰɣ϶оȻĹá
ףҪ˵ŮѧĻʵԺԺΪɫ֪ǷܹżԺһ
˵ҪŮѧɫĻԺΪɫŮѧʳ
ߣԺŮѧȫѩΪֱΪֻŮ˲ס
һȺѧʿͬսԺҪ󣬾ȻĿʼֶ£ס
ֻΪ˵ףȴĺҸȥ
ǰλǰˣɲʲôŮɫ֮ˣֻǡΪ˱׸æ
ףף
ĺˣҿڣڳЩ⣬֪ˡ
ףͷİɣЩǶῴŰŵģֻǸ鲻ǿȻԸᣬܲܰյסͿԼˡ
ײͻãһ͸ˡ
ˣеԺҵĶȥģʱҪĺԺİˡ
֮£ڴӦ˵ҪȻҲϣ£ԼĲȥÿԺΰ
ȻˢĻҲܴͬʱۡ
С㻹û׼𣿻Ƿˣ
ײŸմӦε飬Ǳ߾ͺ
λǰסһھȰǴɱˣ򳿺Ͷεͷλǰˡ
û򳿺Ͷε飬϶ǳãȶ顣
Һã׵Ƕġ
򳿸εȻԺˣǶ칬ϿȴӸˡ
׾Ȼ㱩¶ʼ˵ǣΪպҵֻ칬ˣ׵κηԸҶȥ򳿰սȭͷзԡ
һ֮нӴˣԲ׵ֶΣ׵磬ǳϿɡ
벻Ȼô칬˵ȻõѡһҶӮˡεҲͬΪԼ칬еˡ

Ǳߡ
ǰʱѸղŴѧʿæдõԼֱӸ˹ȥ
ԼݺϸǩµʮҲȷʵǴѧʿȻסҲǩ֡
塢ҲǶֵģҲԼֻ֣ǵ޷ͨطѡ
Ȼѧ֣Ҳ޷ͨط
ǩԼ˵סֻҪʹдµԼֽǿġ
ԼסģΪֻҪǩµ֣ǼҲνֻҪǩͻᱻӡǡ
СӣսʮԼҪʮǩµ֣Ͳˡ
סǩϺ󣬾ͰֽӸס
һεǩҪǩҲҪǩ
ֻҪװǩϣôսͿԿʼˡ
ܺã
׶ԼͷȻԼдȥ

д֮Լֽʱƾջ٣ȻЩҽһµķƷֱ뵽ǩֵסڡ
ԼѾ˭ΥԼĻطͻͽĨɱ
ֱӰѡסԭ˳ȻһԼѳɣһ䣬Ƿҽս
ȻʥԭֻһٵСӣʥԭҲûκεʤʣǸս
Сӣ˵ʥԭˣǸʥҲǵĶ֡
һ˾͸㣬Ͽ첼Ȼ׼ɡ
ס˲񣬶ʱһŭ죬޲ھͳȥɱס
ܺãȻͬ⣬ô˵Χʱš
ͬʱʮǿϢЩϢ˾ԶӢ顣
ʱͽ뵽ʥ棬ֻһֱûлμսѡ
ڣ⽫ǵһս
ԶӢȫ֮󣬻һ˵߲׵Ľ¡
ϽĸϽɫ߲ɫŵ߹ˡ
ţ׾ʹ֮ץһС̡
ս
׵һͺȴʥʱǧ򱶣˲γһ׳ޱȵս
սսֻûһεǿᡣ
սʥֵ߳Ļ˺ƻ
ʥ˲䣬ǰйսīʥҲɵ̾һˣ벻ⱻѩµݣջعˡ
ǰй۲ôãѵ㻹һıߵ𣬼ҲЭġīʥߵһʥε̾˿
ʼ˵ĳ֣ضܴһɷ籩úЩ籩ʵضһ׶Σڼ׳˲ôͲ˵ˡīʥǵ׵İο
˵ǱݵĻ˵ȷʵһǳĵ顣
磬ǿ԰״һӻͷȻõʮʹΰꡣ
һĻеޱȵ԰ĽʱʿҲ
ǣڼױסɱˣôʿͻ𵽷á
ˣЩҲûãֻܹȰһضɹȥ˵
šסʥ飬ټʥĻײ䣡
ʥ˵ͷй۲ơ
סǱ߾Ͳͬˡ
һʼ忴óסʥʱ͸ΪΪʥԭԲŻᵨ󵽸սһʮס
ǣǿʥóͱòһˡ
Ϣʥ
ܣǸСֻٵСһѣôܹʹʥ
⣡һ⣬Ҫٵʹʥôֻһֿܣǡ
塢ʥߣʱһԤС


58 սһֶ
ʵסʥȻϣʱҲóϣ׾ʼˡ
ǸСӲû߶ʥȫʥǸսܹһģҲֻʼˡ
鷳ˣСӾʼ˵ĻȻľܵͣҲܹӳʥĳɡɵ
ӵеģɲֹʥˣʼ˵ĻôǱʥԭҲˣҲһԼʥ֮
ʥʥԭʥ֮ģ˿ֲϣʤ
塢ʥ߶ʼǷ·𿴵ʮ³

սڡ
ʮװʥóжʱ·ʮѻڱ
ʥʥ飬׾Ȼʼˡ
鷳ˣֲսʮԭȻֵơ
µûв´ĻӦ۶ɵģҲ˵Ѿﵽ˵ĵزһξɱ³ֻҲǳҡ
ô˼ֹңҪʹ顣
Ⱥƣʵ̫ˡ
һʼ֪ʼ˵ĻһսǾԲᷢġ
ɱһ˵ˣЩʱõܵĳͷ
ˣ˵ɣǻǸϽѡλðɡ
ãλ
ҲҪλ
ҲҪ
סΪվλ⣬ܡ
Ѿ֪һЩţȻֻǻӵλǻ֪ġ
ס鱨ǿҲ̰壬Щ۸ġ
֮ĴѧʿʥǷ徹Ȼλжеܡ
ãŰӵλöͬʱվ˸Եλϣȴſ֡
սһֶ
׵ѡλúһʥֱӰԼΪȳӵһ
λںѾˣԾܽսɡ׶߲һЦ߳˵һ塣
׵ĵһܼ򵥣Ǿǵͷڡ
ͷԹΪһֳ巽ʽķʽԷȻҲƽ⣬֮ȴƽ⡣
˵ʵܹӵλãѾǺѵˡ
׵ľݣǻûеõ
Ͼīʥǵ׵й©Բֻӡٱѡ
ٱīʥ˾ε壬ҲǾԲܹйݡ
ǺȻҲ֪ܸ٣ףֻںٵһϡ
ûпܴһϵõ׵ģǵ׳֮Ǹֻ˧֪Ǻá
⡭˧λõ˽ʮ룬ǲŶߵʿλʵһǵһ壬Ҹôߣ
Ҳû¹ô߾ô߰ɡǸҡҡͷʾԼҲס
һ˵꣬һռʿλҲæͷʾԼҲ
ɶϲŪôӵĶ˧λа޲ѣȻһӣֱѡõͷǰһ
꣡
˧ⲻ֮ǱߵĴѧʿԼйսʥ߶̲סЦ
ͬʱǻ뵽һ仰Ǿǲ㲻
Ҳһ㶣ȻЦ˧Ȼ·λгôҾͰʰˡ
ʲô˼˧û׵ĻһʱԼһ
Ե
Ȼ׳գô׵Ȼˡ
ֻ׶ŶԷһ㣬λӢֱʧѷẉ̂Ȼٵ˶ԷλϷ
ɱ
׵λӢһֳֹӢ飬ӢϵĹϢ
λϷʱϾ赽һ֧ǿĳ
ѼϣȻеĹһ׼·λ
ǸλԼ׼Ȼʶľˡ
ǣŸҪͷԼ·һεסˣ޷ŲλãֻܹĿӢԽԽǿȻ󽫳˹ȥ
ۣ
£ûƿ֮ûб֮еֻѪӿ
ȿȣ
λǱ࣬ǿ󣬼Ҳû
ô
ſڵϲͬѪ
Ƭ̣еܵһ󣬲˫һģԴԼתܹ˧λ
ΪʲôҸʲôʲôԹΪʲôҪ֮ɱҡ
λȻ׵ĻΪǸ˧λĺԼԹԼġ
ôȥʵǲ֪
飡
˧λһ£û˵꣬Ǹλʹ˺εˡ
ղŵһŭѾλˡ
һģ
ô򵥣Ǳһ
ȻǿᣬһССȻôɵľɱһ⡭
Ǹ岻ǺѺãȥɡ
ǰĻ̫ƫһʱʣµͳͳоһ
֮ǰôҲû뵽׽սɵɱǡ
ʵϣҲȡ˵ġ
Ϊ׵ԣӵʥֻҪǲϵĻ޷κһ뵽ս档
ЩСûаͬʱһʼҲû뵽׻ӵʥ˲ŻӦսռʱ˺͡
졢ءڶվһʧܵĻôĿȥɱˡ
ɶ񣬴ҲҪСӵļƣ䣬óһ㡣˧һԴȶߵ
ϧǣĻò𲻵ãΪǶ֪ȷʵ䣬֪Σ
ʼˣӵʥԭʥ֮սУȻֻһˣӢȴӳֵ˲
Ҫǣ׾ͨǸ˵ıսô
ģ˧Ƕ־ָһֻλ
벽ڣ

䣡
ô򵥵ļ׵ĵڶλֺ˶Էһӡ
صһֱ׵λһֳӢ顣
ӢλֱӰеһףٻһ뾶ʮ׵ľ޴ʯ
䣡
ʯһ£λӶҵķ飬Ӻָֻܿԭװֻλ׵λ
ǸȻǱıˡ
ˣô򵥣
һɱҪô򣡡
ҲôҪսϣб¸һս
ϵס嶼ˣڼڶλɱ֮󣬱бȫǡ


59 ˭ȰҲûã
˧λõͲ壬ָ£ûüӵʱ䣬λȫˡ
Ҳ˵ѾĴˣʣµЩס޲Ҫ׵׸Ͳǡ
Уսȫһɱȫмˡ
ȵȣȻ壬Ҫľ˧λλǸλõⳡսͻ
׼ɱ¾ʱһ뵽һ㡣
һ˵꣬˵סʼҪǸ˧λɱһȥҵ
ãɱֻһҪɱ׸ұ𡣡ǸһٻһѪɫ䵶ɱ
ˣ
ǣŸҪ֣һε֯ɱ
⡭ɶɱ𣡡Լ޷ɱڷһ
սڣһжҪУûĸܹԼԼŪȻ޷ɱˡ
ǳΪΣ˵֪³ֻЦһһĳԵԷӡ
Ҳֻ֪Ҫ˧λⳡսͻҪȰеӶԵɱ˧λ
Ǻã
ֻܵˣ벻ǵ³ƾҲΪЦ
ҲǰпǱ𣬵Ĵ̫ˣһõ
塢̿Ͷ뵽˱֮С
һǲ٣ǵֿĻ塢壬ֻʮڶѡ
ԼĲ֮򣬲ȻȫԱĻ֪ᷢʲô顣
ÿһа˸ǣʣµǩǷԼ˾ǵս󷴻ڣҪɱףҲʵûǸˡ
ΪĴѧʿռơ
ףֻҪɱ˧λŹǣԸһм
ףŹңҵղһԶ鼮ŹңҾͰ͸㡣
ףС
޷׶ԿʱǱԴס
ϧǣʲôȱȱֻǳɳʱѣʱֶҲףײŹǵġ
Ȼ֪
ЦſЩ塣
Ȼ󣬾ʱͻȻһϵֱӴ뵽׶УףסְɣѾɱ߸ˣɱ¾ȥôսͻ֮ʱ֣ͬȥַ塣
ѹʥ֮ԣ
ܵǸϵױ̧ͷա
Ȼʱһߺںɫľ޴ɢ޾֮ͫףĶսϵס
Ҫʥ߾ȻҲֻңѵ嶼Ҫ𣿡ûдӦʥߵҪ󣬶Ϊ˱ʾԼǺ۸ģֱֳԵ˶Էһӡ
ףסȻżᱬһЩСսЩ޹ؽҪսɱȥôսᱬʱס˫ֻȣûա
׶˫۾Ƭ̣ͲòŲΪʥ֮ͫͬͨ۾оֻҪԼ˫۾ʱԼľͱض
Ų۾Ҳܵʹ
ʹ࣬ʥ߳Ĺ׵ģ׸ʥ߶ʱܵ˺
ˣʥҲΥʥЭ顣
սϣ֮ûһͳ£ȻūˡסĻôʹսˡ׵ͷһֳԵ˶Էһӡ
֮ȷʵˣСѾʮʥɱ鲻Ϊ塣ʥ˵һЩײ֪顣
ԭʥ߾Ȼҵ֮һѾʼɱȥˡ
ߣûȥǣ֪Ǹ֮ǿ󣬻н˵죬ЩҲɱˡ׿֪֮ԼġƵйģ޷սʤʥߣܻûġ
Ȼʵϣ֮ɱֻ˶ѡ
ʥʥصʥߣӦ׼Сһɱȥĺ
ʥ׸Ȱ˵Ǳ˵һ仰
һ˵꣬ܿһ۵ʥҲսϷ
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ףŹЩɣһ°겻ɱԼͬʱ㹻Դʥһڣ׽ⳡս
ʥ߾Ȼ˵ҽҲǳʶˡ׼һЦȻɱ¾
ܿ죬ʹﵽʮսϵҲͻʣĸֻȫˡ
ףڲǳһʱ֮ʱȻɱЩĹϵҲѣʱҪڵǧٱʥŭһսʼ
ʳ屾һĹϵҽŹǣĹϵ޷ı䣬ڶɱһʱͿǧƽǵĶ֡
Լ뷨ɱֹɱİ취ǽõİ취ȴʵõİ취
ףΪļ룬Ϊֹɡʥ׻ǲȰǸɴвס
ϢʱٶȱɣȻŭʥȵ¶вң
в㣬סв㣬ִɱȥô˽֮ס϶᲻ͣɳ̿ɱ㣬Լߵˡʥ˵
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սȭͷΪг˷ŭķŭһն
ǡƵɵģٻƵʥһֲ뱩¶ⱾĴڡ
͵׾ʱͻȻһʥսϷףͷĵɱɣĺԺȻʥأֻҪĺԺ塢ʥ٣ҲԱ֤İȫ
ʥĺԺʥߣȰ˵ֵͣģ׵ġ
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ϵʥߣǴ˴֮УԵʥ֮һͬʱҲĺԺĸԺ
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ڣĺԺûʧҲԷĵļԺˡ
ףȥɣסǿҲҪѡսǾ͸սס
ף㲻ʥΪʥعҲû취
ɱɣһкԺһʹе
ʥǽӶĳ֣ԺĸԺȻֳӰұʾ֧׵


60 Ѫɷħ
ʥءԺǿ
ʥλӵһԺλӵڶ
ңԺ֮Ҳȫһģг˻Ȩ֮⣬һжʥܡ
ԺǸ̵ѧĵط
ԺֿĻÿһԺӰʥصľǵԺһʱ򣬼ʥҲҪؿǵ˼
ڣԺĸԺףװԼ뷨ȥʥصʥҲֻܹĬĬĿף˵Щ׷Ļ
Ϊ֪һʥظԺĹϵֽô˵һֵף顣
һѽʵʥأϣǵľǶԵģһеĺɲǼ仰ܹеġʥԺĸԺ˵һ䣬Ȼת뿪
࣬Ȼִˣô͵ȴսٰɡʥײϷŹЩҲ֪˵ã뿪սϷ
࣬ǽǰ嶨Ա֮𡣡
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ϣʥҲģǲеʥˣϲŭҲ
ס忪ʼˣǱˡȻҲעЩĶ
ԺʥʱѾʼƶˣֱЩʥ߷ݻǱ㿪ʼģĳˡ
һ׾֪սڵѾˡ
ôˣҲģİ
ף㣬е㡣
ЩѾˣԼеףֻϧ֮£Ƕֻܹ϶ײЩֶס
ѭӦˬոǻԼȴҲζ׼ס峷鵹ǷǳĲ
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ϵذʱΪ״ⲫԲŻƴһɱףҲҪˡ
Ϊһ㣬˧λ֮⣬Ȼóһɷĺ
Ǹֵ˲䣬ѧʿ߾Ͷɫһ䡣
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ܹһĴڣ⵹Ǹö֮аһȻǰһ˳ȥ
Ǹ˧λڷĸ£޷ףڵ׹ԼȻѪɷħס
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ռתƣʥʥͨ𡣡˧λĲǽʥԼԽ˿ռ䣬Ȼı
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׵ⷬ˧λܸеһΣգ͸оһͬžһϢ塣
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׵㳦ʥģ㳦ƿķʼ塣
ͬʱһͻȻϣ˲öѪɷħ׸˹ȥ


61 
εû˿Ȼǿᣬ㳦Ѱ㡣
֮ʥ壬ȻаɽٻɽöѪɷħס

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οĺԺΪԺ֮һȻҲ̰Щʬ壬ţȷʵõѡ
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ΪǸʥߵĳرԣûѧʿָ㣬׸˵עⲻ
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˵ʵղѾ𾪰ˣܹȣЩѧʿ˵ˬѡ
лλָ㣬һ֪š׵õ˴ѧʿָ󣬲ŷԼû˼ţֻһֱ
ʦĳƺš
ѾȷĺԺˣԹĺԺĴѧʿһҲΪ
ҲԣҲԡУȥĻͿ԰ȥѧʿͷûڲԼš
ʵܹʼ˳֮ΪҲֺѧʿǵ⡣
ϾҲѧϰһˣ˵øö֮ء
лָ㣬һԼС˵仰
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ףҶܸȤϣлԺΡεкܶ໰˵ڵĳϲֻܹ˵ôһ䡣
С㣬ֻҪĺԺĻһȥġ
׵ȻȥĺԺˣεպҲҪһȥ
ΪεҪæչ칬Աģÿһʱ䣬׶ȥһʥ飬Լ
ֹǶεԺҪȥԺҲҪȥ
ˣײŻӦȥԺΣҲһֲڸɡ
ˣ˴֮ѾھҪȥһˣټһ֣Ŷһ
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ĺԺҲ֪ıֺ󣬱ضΪԺԲŻֺɳֹױǽš
Ҫ֪Ǹղױ̬ˣĸԺĴѧʿɽף·ֻҪһ˿ܣǶҪвһš
˵뿪ʱѧʿҲһ


62 սж
ֺѧʿ˵ԶʱͷԼǰһ˳֮ϡ
ռתƣ벻ͨײǵһμռתƣԼҲսùȡɣֿռתǲͬġ
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İɣǸε̫СƾòҸһʱ䣬ֻҪǰסˣûϣġ··׺˽һ㣬Ҵ󵨵˵仰
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һСʱվˡ
ˣȻĲţһȥҵԵġ
˼Ƭ̣óīֽԼҪȥĵطдͬʱֽϻЦű뿪µǰ
磬֪еˡ뿪ǰ׺ܿͿһ
ûгһʳﶼԱҡҡͷȻ㲻ס
ҪúõĳԵ㶫û취ˡ̾һȻʵô鷿
۵ʮ鷿鷿һЩ飬Ҫӡǡ˵ӡǵʱ򣬻⿴һ׵ۡ
׼Ŀ⣬ҲʶĿһԼۡ
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ӡߵӡǣԽκεĹشеĻش׵⡣
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ǣͳǸӡǣʲôҲֻܹشˡ


63 ݵѹ
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һ˵꣬Цһ˵Ǻǣ֪ˣ㲻ýš
Ȼϵ鼮ϣһ񣬲ԼĶ档
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ҽĺԺԺʽҽһ
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֪һЩ鱨Щ鱨ոռģԴһʱ򣬾Ѿ֪˵顣
ôȻ֪ҵ顣׼װǾȣʵһ㶼ȡ
㵱Ȼˣʮֲη壬˵ˡǻڰ֡Դһԣµ˵仰ĵڶ죬߹֮еĴңͿʼֵˡǺģ׵һ߽߹ҵԵɸ
ʵϣҲµһ㡣
Ȼղŵս㿴𣿡ײ˵ЩûӪĻǱ㻰һת˸ղŵ顣
ˣ벻ʼ˾ȻһһС꣬Ҹš˵ʱԵú򶨣׸ܵĵЩ
ֻǣײΪʲô
ս֮򳿸˵һЩϯĻҲ̫ʲô˼֪ܹһЩйϯ顣ʵ⡣
ἰղŵսΪҫԼݣΪ˰תƵУ򳿵ȥϯ顣
ԣ
ͷȻʼ˵ԺϯΪ֣һԺϯڶϯϯ
˵ϯ
ԭԺȻͬһңԶÿ궼ٻһΪɽĺľۻᡣ
ۻУԺ໥дѧʣͬʱҲսѡһǿԺϯ
ԺϯǻۡʵλֻҪܹΪԺϯôҵıض߹͸Ķ
ȻҲΪ尵ɱĶ
Ժϯ֮⣬ԺÿһԺ֮УԼϯ
ϯλѵõҲ֮Ϊϯ
ĺԺôͻᱻΪĺϯԺϯͻᱻ֮Ϊϯơ
ϯǸԺÿѡһεģֻҪϯͬҲõܶĺô
֮󣬱ϯˡ
ϯǼһֶΣܹΪϯʹкܴǱ³Ϊϯ޷Ϊϯҵ֮ɸ߹ޱȡ
ףĺԺ֮ڣֻҪΪϯлõһʥӡԼʥµĻᣬ˵ջ󡣡˵ʱоеĽס
Ϊ׸ȱʥӡϻʥԭ
˵ʥԭȻǡסˣӡ˵ǡۡ
УͬҲӵʥʦԾϯҲڳΪʥͽ
֮аһϯҶԣûжջȴǿ¶ȴһ¡ܻȥԺ򳿲õѡ񡣡
˽ϯ׵Ժб˼
칬ԱѾˣҳ򳿺Ͷε⣬μԺĿˣԻɴ칬ĳԱһϯȫ
һպ칬ȫʱҲƾһһЩ
ȵ칬׳ʱҲôһ
ô˵ױҲϣ칬ĳԱȱģԺҪֻгΪԺϯܹл칬ĻҲһѡ
ףʲôȥϯ𣿡뵽˼УΪ˼γΪϯء
û뷨ֻڿûлΪϯҡҡͷ˵ʵ
仰ʵûʲô˵ģԲ˵ѡ
ŶĲϯʼ˵ݶԣĻûκܹù㡣û뵽׾ȻĴ
˵ײȱʥʦǶһʥӡǺõģûϵʥ١
ʵһʥһʥ飬ڵ˵ѾνˣԻøˣοҲϣҵܹΪϯġ
ѡĶԣĺԺһεϯѡΣٹһ͵ˣϣܹѡпӰ˵꣬뿪鷿
һߣһơ
ʼ˵ݺ׽סѹԳһЦȻߵ˱ϵĲǰʼ׼һ衣

뿪鷿󣬸æڴڵĴɶǸȥƽͣΪθ˵ôѹ
ҿһϯҲǸ塢ʥʹսǸ칬̫׽ʱûΪƫƫôţʼˡƽһ󣬾뵽ԼŵԵɡ
״ʱ֪϶еЦģΪǰֱܹ桮̫׽ǡһɾˡ
˵ҲȷʵһɾͣϾ̫׽ǡֳôǿԼֶΡ
ʼˣ⻹һԵĳƺţƾƺţ߹ĹʵۣҪְɡ뵽̾һ
ʼ˵ĳƺţעװĺԺеѧѹȥ


64 
ʮ鷿ܴͬʱﻹŲ鼶鼮Щ󶼼Ÿָ֪ʶԼһЩԶŵսۺ顣
ϧЩ鶼ϲ࣬Ϊǵ̫ӲˣֻǴԵĿ˼ۣ漴㿪ʼƷ衣
ϣܹĺȲԺܶ˵һݳ޵顣
Щǰߵʿÿһ춼Ҫߵľ䣬ֹһͻȻս
ֻصеˣֻϧһˮ׾ͿЦһ
Ȼ뵽¸顣
㣬ʱܿ͹ȥˣ̫£ʱѾſ鷿˯ˡ
ǵǼ׻϶ûô˯ôսľʹﵽһļˡ
Ҫ֮ǰ˧λһʮӶҲõľ˯ˣﻹȥ졢Ȳ衣
ţ
˯УͻȻоԼߣǸæ۾ͬʱͷųԼ齣֮
ң
׸Ҫչʱһ͵㴫ݵ׵ĶС
齣֮е˷ܵ˵ڿϼˣ
ֻǸôˣ벻㼸첻ֱûˡϵȻӲȴеܡ
׵ľԶزھ̫Σյ顣
û⣬Ҳ֪ǳҪԼ졣
ǰĻԸ鶷죬ĺۡ
¶ûô¿һۣûµӰ󣬾һ䡣
֪Щ϶ûкúõĳԹһٷһ鼶ʳװءȻûнڣҲӳϵǴһжҡ
塢壬ԼսԲܹɰȥġ
̫ˣЩ˳ԹһЩ֮⣬ͻûԹġһȥˣжʱеο
֪ȻΪ뿪ҲԲ᲻Լġ
ˣ߰ɣ˵꣬ʹȥʮ㣬Ҳڵķ֮С
ϵ¥һſɹ۵ʮ㣬ʥߵĵطϵӡǣ޷ͻʮ谭
¡ڵķ䶼ʮ㣬Щ£׵Ǹͯڵ͵Ĳ㡣
ĿͶûʸϳֻۣܹͨķۡ
µķ䣬ҵķ䣬һǸķ䡣ʮ֮͸׽һ·䡣
漴Ȼȥܴ󣬿ʵûжˡ
׸˵ʱ򣬺ܿһ£ʹһİ߳˷š
ҺŪˡһ飬һ߿ࡣ
ôˣôԶˣ鿴µĴҲһ㶡
ұԼһηǡ
˵꣬³ڡ
Ѿͷɲô㣬˵ûãҲҳ԰аһҲų˽ȥ
ȥ֮׷ַ䲢ûиԼеôңֻ°ʳĶˡ
ֻһЩʳĶѣα˴󶯸ɸꡣ׿һ״ž͸顢¿ʼһʰ
һ֮ĹϵֱܿǢСڱҲǿֱ֡
ֻصǰˣϣܹһֱġСаһ䣬˱㿪ʼæҵ׼ʰ


׵˱ڳ۵Ĵ£˴ľڡ
߹еλҲеȣ¡
߹֮Уֻ۹ΪԵ۹ľԣסȫҲԿԼһʱ䡣
ȻĽҲⲻ˵ֻһ۹
۹ټĸôסһûġ
ֻϧϲڧһ壬ǲͣսûһܹһͳ߹Ȼսʤ塣
Ҳ˿ڵӴйء
죬һܵ׵ķУ״Ӵ
磬ˣĺԺڴ֮ڣǻֱȥĺԺΪʥ߸ֺѧʿڴĹҪ
³ΧûˣҲ٣ǿʼװ״ãȻϴһͷ״һӡ
֪ˣҺܲ˯һ⼸ľһֱƣ״̬ԼҲ֪ԭ򣬵ȴûнİ취
Ϊ׵ľҪеһ֮ά֡
Һ֮鲻׵ϣǼط򱣹ܣȻÿŰ֮飬׾ͬÿ춼һսһ㡣
ǻ˸Ƚײϵ鼮ۡ
ôܹ޾ɣȻҲ˯ǽǶܵʮˣȻЩᣬطǱҪȥһ¡ºγϢһ£ʵûа취
Ҫ֪ʼ˵飬ʱѾ¡
ʥ߳飬ҲܿͱܶҲµˣԵ׸˲䣬һѵ͵˳ϡ
ºڵõЩ󣬱һɾѡЩطҪȥЩطҪȥ
ǵɸѡȷط
һǴ磬ҪȥģȥǾԲܵģΪغŴӡ
ڶڵǴһңԼʥߣܶӵܶԺڶ飬οͬ۶УҪǲȥĻҲЩʧ
ǽһĻĶǴ꿡ܡ
ĻױҪμӣǸ·ˣȻǸһսһԿڸ׵ϣҲӦ˲μĻᡣ
ңǸõµĻظ֮׼һĻһʢᡣ
¶ҪȥҵĻʱɱҰˡױ°ŪúСĿһЦ
ĺԺһϯ׷ܹҸۡʮȦˣôῴ㡣¼̲סķһ䡣
ǿɲһϾڿʼˣ˵׷ҸۡʮȦôֻҪҷҪȢС檣ƱŮܹǼһǧȦ
һŻеģʵֻʼ˵ݣǸޱȵˣкܶŮԸ޸С檡
˵СˣƾѡŮᱻͷ
ˣȥɣʹˣһֱ𴲣ᶼļˡһ˵ţһżһףȻæܳ׵ķ䡣
ѾͷӻǱˡױøеһۣһ뵽˵Ĺϵֱеɬ


65 ٶʵ
һ濴źǻڲȴû˵ĸ֮ۡУһ۵ӣ֮˵Ļ㱨
ӣѾ˹ã֮Ůһͬǰҵĸۡ˵꣬Ҳǹ˵ֱ뿪˷䡣
𣡡ߺ󣬱óһҡ¡
ҡ֮󣬾Ȼֻȵз˳ȻΧ겻ͣ裬ΧĿ쳣
·ʶףҶ׷ǳںΪһξͨĺڱ׷һҹϮ
һΣȻֳ˴
ǴңǵȰÿ֣ǿ׵ű̫࣬ǾԻ·ɳֱֻҸۡȻˡ
갵̾һȻ߳˷䡣

ҡ
ڸº͵õ˺ܸߵĽӴ
Ϊ˽ӴףҵļԳˣҵʥ߲ûг֡
ʥ߲ͬͨˣ׵ʼȻ߹ʥߣվʥߣԺѵõʥߵԽӼ
οʥԽ٣ʥ֮϶ʲôҪЩʥ߶ʥ߸ȥˡ


벻˴֮оȻɣ˳Ժ֮⣬ûκε顣
ҵĻ԰УһеĺȲ裬һ߶¡˵
ҵȻʲôˣ׿ʥߣݶһЩС˵ȻرİȥڰѸϵһŮӽףԴ˻ø׵ĺøС
ǣִңʵҪȥʸס
֮ףҲֻǳǰˣʵǻͲײġ
Ҫ֪һңҵļӭӣһ˼ס֮λ˵ɲһ¡
Ϊʵ̫СˣλҲ̫ˡ
磬ûз㣬ҵӵܸ˵ʱе·һ㣿ºһڲ裬Ҳᵽһ㡣
Ҹ˵ΪֻҪǸ˵ͱҪҼƣԽһȡ׿ĺ͸о仰ÿڵ״
ͷβȻ߹󣬵˾Ҫѹƣôͷң
ǣֻҪŬĻһ첻ǶԳΪһֱͷĻһһŭһڻܹͳͳɵµķҲе
С£˵ЩҪѡˣҵĻҲҲһͻȻڲһ䡣
Ȼܲһ㣬Ҳ֪Լʶףִʼ˵ݽĻֻıֻӵܵıһģһ
ˣµͷȻ󽫱вˮһȥˣˡ
磬Ȼ˲ϲôúϢɣҪȥһ´ķ顣
ȥɣȥɣ
¡˲ף˵֮ˡ
徲ˣҲóûȥһˡװ̾һͻصҸ׼ķ֮С
⼸׵塢궼ָ״̬Ϊ֮鵼׵ľÿ춼Ĺ⣬Ѿûκˡ
Ϊ˲֮ΪԼĸҪ߾
߾õķţȻǷǾԼӾĵҩˣϧֵҩεȵĺֻʹõڶˡ
ڶȻˡ
׾ͻҪ飬Ҹ׼ĴԺ֮С
ΪҺţӵеĵطȻСǹΪ˽Ӵף͵׼һĸۡ
ңˡӶȫУ㲻ҲҪʲôʲô
飡
׻صУغеŴȻ󻹰۵ĳٻػԼŰѡƵٻԼϡ
һпѹơƵϢ˵Ȿ֮ʱûκε
һΪҵĴ⣬Լһ㱻ٻ٣һһСĵġ׻ǵһĽѵ뵽״̬ҲȥЩɫˡ
ɫҹ
״̬֮£ð֮׺ܿͰһ͸ɫ뵽֮С
̣
һ뵽׵֮Уеһʹ
ΪʲôΪʲôͨҲʹ
ʹ֮£׸֪ǺãȻҲջ꣬һǾҲ޷ˡ
ȵȣѲҪţ
͵ʹ׵˼ʼʱ뵽˹ؼһ㡣
ţǾ
һ뵽ţ׵Ժжʱֳ˹Ǿ
ǿԻ
һ뵽Ǿ׵ԺоͳһƬǿա
ǿյĸ֣͵ϵǿոֺ񣬵ҲȫΪǻһЩĺ
Ҫһ㣬ǾǳһЩյǾ
Ҳ˵칬ǽա
ǾһѰԼıǡ
װչǾķһĬĬգһͷԼģǱʶȥѰǸʺԼǳ
ʺҵǳһʺҵǳ
ϵǳε֮࣬һѰһСʱûеʺԼһöǳ
ȴԼյʱһʹ㣬ȷʵԺеǿոɵˡ
һǹ˺ѷεʹ࣬Ҳͳʧˡ
ʱֹȥСʱͻȻоǰһڣ˳״̬
ʧˣһȴá
˳״̬׵ľ뵽ƣ״̬
һһЩ֪Լһȥ
Ȼʧˣҵ˷򣬻һξͻɹ뵽ͰѰ֮һӣطаߡ
֮ɵ˴ϣһս뵽硣
͵׽뵽еͬʱķ͸ֳһ͸Ӱ
ʧˣǹȻΣǿѹ
ӰȻ׺ܾˣȻӦõ֮ѹ
ǸȻû˵ϵ̫࣬þסĵط̫ػһ͸˰ɱĻᡣ
Ӱ׵ķת˺üȦѷΧһ㡣
֮һȺŮڵĵطȻǲע£һŮ֮ڡ
С죬ôˣ
û£ֻͻȻӸң˵⼸סڸʱҪʱȥһѡ
С죬ҲǱӰǸŮ˵һ֮뿪Ůǵķ䡣
ӣף
찡С쾹ȻõӵרټǺεȵҡ
СȻͨһС˵ʣѲϲһ㡣
ҪСùϵ
ЩŮ֪С챻ˣҲ֪С˵ѣԶޱȡ


66 ̿
С˵ȥͲ裬ŮǶΪС˵ѡ
ǿСǲ⻰ǿЦģΪԷʼˣǳһײ׷ҵҲ׷
С뿪Ů֮󣬾ȥһ裬ȻŲ豭ǰ

ΪڸԼΪС˼ţȻŴ򿪷˽ȥ
ʮ˵ľҽ˼飬Ȼаб׵ˣҺΡСЦһȻѲˮϣŰž͸ˡ
Ǹ˵ûڴս֮ʥԿʮȷʵ뵽˼״̬
С졯֪׵״ΪΪһεսԲŻᾫ쳣ԴɹǱ뵽׵ķ֮С
ʼˣԴһߣ벻ȻַʽҵϣǲáСײһЦſ³һɢźذס
ȥɣס
Сһ漴еذף׵Ŀڴȥ
ۣ
Ϊ˱֤һС˺ǿǵ׵֮󣬲ûеѪĽҲûеļУеֻһƬƬõľм
ã
Сڿľм˲䣬֪ԼʧˣһԾʹСӳȥ
飡飡
֮СһѾ߿˴ţȻȥ
գ벻ȻӳˣȻҪдȴûԸңԲŻ˳
СôģţͻȻֺЩԾ
ȵȣҲǸ֮ôֱҺˣ
ûСһ壬һ
ͨǸ԰˵ӦС취뿪ۡǣֻȴԼ֪УѾָ˺塣
Ծҵ˻ȥҸۡҲˣ˵ǡռ䣡
ȻƬ̺󣬾ͲµԼʲôط
ɶôҵġȻף֪һڿǱſдһ
ܼ򵥣ΪǸо̤ʵ˯ʱ򣬶ͷųһɽҼΧ׵Ļһ䣬ǰߵĲԶͳһͤ
֮ͤУվźܶõӰЩӰȫǴ塢Ĳл˵
ǡ龭۵
ͤġ龭𣿡֮ͤ󣬾Ȼ˵׵顣
һҾȻ˽⣬ܹͨҵıҵķ䣬˽ɱҰȻȥţǲòһҪԼ
ңҪ˵λͣȻ϶ûа취ͨҵŽ
ҵĻǲŲɱأ׸ĳޣֻҪһͬھ;Բȥס
Ϊһҳ״ô˵Ժˣ߹ʥضŹҡ
ټһңпܾͻΪˡӶֱ߽⡣
ףɱ̫ˣõǳҵǰ
׵Ĵһ˫۱һۺɫâУ˲ͱ仯ΪһŮӡ
Ůкܶඨ壬һ˵ϲǸŮġ
ԣŮˣǴżջ¡
𣬻еĺ塣
ڿº󣬵һʱ֪ǺİϷûκξٶֻĿź
ߣ֪ǼٵΣҿǺ󽫣Ҷӵ˲䣬ҾԸɵ㡣
ȻҲ֪ƾŻ޷ɱףװĿŵʱѾٶƶ׵ǰеذ׶״ȥ
ȷʵǿƣ
˵ģ֪ǸǼٵģ̲סҪ࿴ۡ
Ϊ˲ץסᣬ׶ʱǸ֮
׹˫۾˲䣬µӰʱʧˣȡ֮һѾǰҼذ״ɱİ׺
ף嶼ϣȥɡ
ΪԼҪˣеϲ˵Щ
ǣ͵ذۿҪɱʱϷͻȻһ޴ѹžһͬյȭͷһӽſ˵ϡ
ѩ
͸оһתȻʧȥʶ
벻ĴڣȻһֻС˽绹ԽԽȥˡѩ֮󣬲ĶΧһ
Ȼ󣬵ȴĴҸۡ
ʲôǱҸۡ
ãʥˡ
ˣˣһ䱸
ȥ֪ͨͳϣ˵ʥլԺ̿͡
ǶǸʲôԵģô̿ͽ뵽׵ķ֮С
ѩĻﴫݳȥ֮Ҷ뵽˻֮С
лѩ˳ȣȻҾҪˡ׶Űѩһ񣬶ʾл
ͷĴڣȻŰҽгģؾҲ֣ҲκβɡУһֱб㣬˭㾹ȻѾҵĴڣ̽ԺڶˡѩɱȲԼֺģԭҲǱ׽йġ
ȻҲײûиܵѩϢҲ֪ʥԼġ
һ׿Կ϶ǾĺԺһ˸бԼ
ţײڷֺĴ̿ͺ󣬰ѰǸԼˣȻҵ˰ѩ
ʵϣ뿪ۣѩһֱ׵ģΪϢƵķǳãͬߣѷĴڡ
ˣѩΪȻ࣬ҲߣȻܹôԲ
ΪײʹʥĻҲᱻĺ˵ҲɱԱû˿ġ
ѩ㣬ܹҸۡᣬ֪ĺԺûڵķײ֪γƺѩǸɴôһ֡
ƺ˵Ե֮ϵϰߣڰѩ˵ȷʵ΢е
׾ȻƺΪ㣬峺ǷĵĳƺңʲôĿģ⡭
ѩΪһߣȻﵽ𣬵ݸѧʿǲĺԶΪһĵϵ磬ֻܹĶѡ
׵ڿʥߣ˵׳ƺΪ㡯ʱ򣬰ѩһ˿ݵĿ϶
ѩ㣬ûв´ĻһǩԼܹ˵˭ڰûа취ǿ֪һ㣿׼ѩڷ㶣һ顣


67 ۡ
׵ڶ׷£ѩڻع
СӣȻ󣬵ȷʵϲֲīʥһ·ѩаЦһ
ʵѩīʥ£īʥΪ׵İȫʱðѩ뵽ʥߵĳۣҪѩպҪ׽Ժر׵İȫ
ף̿ĸǸǩԼֻҪԼûбٵĻǾе֪ǸκϢΪֻҪ̿һϢԼͻԶսѩҡҡͷʾûа취
ʥԼ֮ϵأ׵ǵˣִİأôһ˿뷨
ѩһ㶼ȣֻЦĶһ䣬Ȼǵһ˵顣
˵ʵʥߵݣԼղһѩ㡯Ļưѩ϶ᰵһ֪ȻһȭĴ̿͡
һʥ꣬Ȼק뵽ۡУһǷҵйصϢװԼ뷨˵˳Ⲣȫ뷨
ڰѩ׿޷ޱ
ʥ˵ġۡ𣬻УǡѩҡҡͷΪѾʵˣԼطڰѩи޷Υ
֮һԣǲҪ̫ϣѩһ˵꣬ſһߵ
ѩ㣬ʲô׼ѩԼһжѯһ䡣
֪ѩẦԼǲװѩΪҪϢ
ǽɵ򣬲Ǵ㿽塢壬꣬ҪԺʥص˲УһǷ˽Կ꣬ͻܵѩΪʥߵˣԶ˽⡣
ȻôһɣΪҴû˵ҲѾͬʱԼѩ˵һ飬Ȼ޷˼ĸҲܵһЩ鷳
ӵʥӡж٣ӵʥܹж٣ֻʥʥӡܹӵУһ˸֪ѩȻ˵
ҵöһˡ
׺֪˭ɱҲѩ鷳뷨ֱӰʥ뵽˺̿͵ڡ
ݡۡĵʮĹޣļ԰ڣصļ԰֮аɣã꣡
׵һʹáۡһ꣬ûеĸӣΪֻҪṩɣʣµġۡɡ
Ϊ֮ӵкܸߵλԭ֮һΪܶǸҪŵԭֻҪͿ
ҪߵĻôѡۡǣҲ޷߶Ȿ˵ꡣ
ˣһֻȥĴָС꣬ʵҵǰɢ϶Ǿˡڿ˲䣬о˺ܶͷ
֪塢׺ζʵԼľ񣬶ҲȷʵֻڡƵûʱϸûķѡ
סûĹԲŻôʱûа峹׵
׻סҪǵһţǲǵˣġƵҲһӾͳΪ֮顣
ǲƽסӵ׺ȴҪŰܹ֪֮ĵزȻ֪ϸûйƽԣǵһζġ졯е˲
ˣЩɲܹǵģӦľǿһ̿͵ꡣ
һˣͰѺ̿͵뵽ˡ֮ۡС
Ⱥ̿͵걻ʥ֮ʱаۡȻ꣬ʵҪһ޲ɱҵԣǿҲڣԻɴ꣬ȡļ䡣
뷨֮ǰƭ˰ѩû˵ʵ
ѩ֪ʥص㣬ȻҲ֪ƭȴ֪׵˵ܵõκ鱨
׵ƺԸס
һǵһε꣬ϣҪ⡣
׶ź̿͵꿴Ƭ̣ȻԼҲ뵽ϵľ硣
εϾ׾㲻áƵҲԼˡ
УֱӶ뵽ʥ棬ʥȫͬġ
ֳͨ顢ʥʱпܱʥԭߡʥԭĳ˸֪ģȻ˵ӡ磬Ҳ޷
׵ġͶ򴫡һ鼮Ϊû걾Ͷ򴫡걾Ҳӵ
һϵİ취ֱ״̬뵽磬ô൱ڿһţʥԭȥ֪Ҳѷ֡
һҲ֮󣬲ŷֵĹؼһ㡣
ͬʱҲΪЩӵʥңԸʥӡֳҪԭ֮һ
ȫԼ꣬Ӷϻѣ塢塢ô࣬϶ܹġ
ţ׵Ϣȫʧˣ·ھһǣѲѾϣ
͵ϵһɲǣѩҲʱ׵쳣
ҪϣȾҪӵмǿ־ͬʱ֪ڵİأȻңҵԼڣܹϡ
벻׻ʮһ㣬֮еšѩ̾һ䡣
Ǹʥʮ֪飬Ҫͨ˶öࡣ
ͺñ£һǧһһ֪ǰѩȴǳ
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ܹƽѧϰȥպԿԳɾʥߣʥ֮еǿߣǸʥܰ۹⡣ѩаһȻּǿԼ־Ѿеڶ֡޷顣

䡢ޣǡۡ磬Ϣһ˿Ϥǹζ·ǡأ
׵һ뵽磬Ĳͬ
ۡ磬˵˾һۼ磬˸ûʥ֮ıԽǾ
˵װʥƺ̿͵ˣ׻Լʥ
ƾʥȻֻǰѡۡһȴţûʥԼҲ˲
ȵȣЩͬЩǡ


68 쳣
ײǵһν롶ۡ磬һʱͲĲͬ
Ȼ͵̧ͷһʱʱͿһɷǳ׳۵ľ
֮ôصľ󣬶Ǹƶģͷ·ռ˫澵һ㣬һ磬һء
һ׵üͷ
ûнʱ䣬ص׷ʲô飬Ѳܰغ϶Ϊһ
ǰĻ׿϶ⷽȥ룬ܹ翴صĳȻ뵽һˡ
ܰ˵صÿһ춼ڱȥĻؾͻƣֵʵ֮Уʱһ˵һѡ
ǣԾڸһسںһ˵˫ͻศɣΪһµķҪд硷Ĵڡ
ܰӦǸŮˣǸԳһҼŮˣһʲôµ飬Ҫ취ȥһܰˡ
˽ⷢʲô飬ڴ
Ҳûа취ȥңһȥĻЩ˱ضиȥʱһǷҸʥܣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ȿ˭ҪɱңȻڴɱң֪˭Ļ֮УҲɵ
뵽⣬Ϳʼʥֱɺ̿͵ꡣ
걾ܼ򵥣ΪŪ̿͵ļ䣬ҪҵǷӵԼӡǡ
ҵˣöԼӡǣʮ
ҵ˺̿͵ԼӡǺ׶ʱˣΪӡ̫ˣൽ׸֪һɱԼӡǡ
ϧˣһûа취֪Ҫɱҵ˭̾һ׵ź̿͵һָʥֱӰɵˡ
ˣ
걻ɵ˲䣬ЩǩµԼӡǣҲ˲仯ޡ
֮׾͸оһǿ󡢾뵽Լ֮С
ָоˬֱǾʱһ
еףΪͻı仯˲õǻϲΪȻзһķš
벻ʥûãϧǰ˷˺ܶĻᡣ
״̬£ʥԼľ׶ʱΪ֮ǰɵЩеϧ
ˣҲʲôջûУҵľҲһɣЩľʱƻҪ߰ɡ
һԼ״Ȼ뿪磬صʵ档
ˣ׸һѩתһ䡣
׿ɬһЦȻҡҡͷ˵ǰϧҵİ취ûгɹ
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ѩһ˵꣬ȥ־
֮̿͵ǰһ״
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ʱͻȻкܶ뵽׶С
ˡһһġ
ӣɷʬ彻ǣҪһϵĲۼ
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һΣ׵̵Ϣݳȥҵļϡ̫ϳϿǶˡ
öˣƲڰѩ߶һϢǸҼĪǺִѧʿתͷһֺ˲ٵˡ
ڴͬʱ׻ܵǿעЩûóȻ׽м飬ֻǰͼס
˰ɣڿʼѩߣǲΪ̫׿ɲϣһȺ˸š
Уǡ
˵˾ˣǶȥɣ徲һ¡
׼Ҽ˵Щʲôһĳ̬ĿҼһۡ
ãȻִˣҾЩ棬Ժڡ
ţ
Ҽܻͨײͬ˰ߣ͸Ŀ⡣
УҲ׷ǲҪţҪǲܹú֪аҶһֹд̿ȥдǡ׿ɲϣ¡ΪԼġ
ҪǱ֪ĻԺ󶼲뿪Լˡ
ӷģѾȥС㡢СˡҼһȻ뵽ˣʵͰˣһ׵˳ȥͱҪһʿԼʮڰб
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Щҵ飬ֻԼĳ޶ѣȴҪΪ򵥣Ҫ׵ԭ£Ƶ飬ϹƶǺܺܡ
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ףڰǸףȴԴףǺαرҵĴӷǳƣһֱʢ˵Ĵڣ˭ȷʵҪô
ˣʥԽԲܹ׳κ⣬ȷʵˣһĺ̿;Ȼķ䣬ҵĳ裬ίʲôҼȻҲƣҲ֪ҲΡ
Ӧ˱ȥ˭Ȼ顣
ҵĴȻ˵ЩʲôסˣȻôһ仰뿪鷿

ء
ʱ顢ꡢݣڲͣĳһ˹ݡ
ǸˣεҼҲǾʥѪա
飬㲻˵ܰڵĵطôʲôûСޱĿһϵһźӰȻһץһͰץ

һץ֮£ǸӰʱһҽС
ûƭ㣬ڷʱܰȷʵһ棬һʥб䣬ȻתԼڵλáʹ
ߣøһҵİ취Ȼ³֪ġһֱע״̬ȷûƭԼĺ󣬾Ͱһӡ
վȻ˶ԴԼеԹȻﵽһĵز
ǣѵ˵ÿһ춼׳󣬶ܰСۡԭǺҵλãһҲûа취
ʥ飬ȻֻһС֣ҲӦøʥԭϵҰʱ򣬡ۡԭΪ㱯ʱ򡭡
ռ벻취Լһ


69 ǻ
Ĩɱҵⲿ飬ʥԭҲᱩ¶λõģҵʱ򻹻ᾪܰڵ㣬濹ܰĻֻҪһͿɱ㡣յ뷨󣬸æ
һ˵꣬չʱŹ
Ҳ֪ǲƭңҸһµʱ䣬һ֮޷ҵܰڣôҾͻĨɱ㡣
˵һ䣬뿪أ
ߺҲһ
ȻֻһС֣ǱĻͬӰ쵽塣
ѾͷҾͲþݺݵ뵽ĺˣڵðܰ
ѾͷҲãΪĿռѾۡȡһϵˣһҾͿһ¡ʵһֱ뿪յļӣȻ취յĿơ
ڣհú⡣
հգΪҹ֮УҾûа취뿪ֻܹΪ£ϧǴشЦһ㳯صշȥ
صգѾˡۡ羰󣬲ռûȫں֮ǰ˫޷໥ͨѡ
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ҵˣռݵı
͵֮һǳ˽⣬ҲżΪǿĸ֪ƾ֪ҵռ䱡
ȻĿռܱҪһѷȥҲҪʮʱ䡣
ҵط󣬾һƣҵ˽ķ
ֻҪ磬ҾͿԻصˣʱһҪ˵ܰɱǸգܰУҲҪȥɵ
ڶյĺޣǿɲһ൱

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Ĵɱ֮Ҷһ顣
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Ҫ֪˹ɭϣһסǱУֶΡţʿϵܹܿļ飬뵽֮С
ǣôǱҼýֺȥ룬ֻʼˣʸס廨˴
Ҫһ㣬ǾҼȷڰаЩסΪץסһϲûҲ˵Ǳ˷Žġ
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ӵĶѲ͸˵ʲôҼҡҡͷҲ벻ͨΪϣס
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⻹Ǳ塢Ҫɱ徫ӢǺģ벻Ҳϣȥ
Ҽĳ̾һ漴߳鷿ֻҼһ˶˼ŸӦ

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Ϊ¶ûīӡĶֻܹˡ
׷һ󣬱űϵİѩһ䣺ѩ㣬ºһīӡ֪鲻鷳
Ȼ鷳ֻȥ͵󼴿ɣʱԼݣ϶˲趼ʡȥȻóõīӡֱΪֲ롣ѩһǳš
ʼ˵ݶԣֻҪҪºīӡôκһ󶼻ӵġ
ݵ⣬ʼ˱֤Ǹȥģ˵ҲûȥˣΪǻʾ׵Ĳ𾴡
˵ССҪǱ˴ʱָжѧϰȥǸۡ
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ף㲻һվױϵߣô
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¸鶼ܿɰټ׵ĹϵѩǺϣǸԼ׽һЩ
ǣѩ㡣ѩ˵ĺ˵Լ֮Ϊ㣬ʱǳĸˡ
Ҳ⣬Ȱѩ˵꣬кܿһȻյѩǰ˵ѩ㣬ʵҸ鶼ϲѧȻ޷ϰǶѧҲлĻѩѵһǵѧ
ȻȴǷǳģһߣҪǲһ£϶˯þ
͸˵ˣΪһʼǳΪһŮֻϧʱͱ̵飬ûܳΪߡ
ѣȻ޷ֻϰѧɼޱȣҪǲ¿ĻҵԸǡѩͷӦµ
˵ʵϣҪõ֪ͨߣԳڡλܹõһָǲʮ
ʮ߿ƺܶ࣬߹˿ڼǿпɹ۵ڣǧڡ
ΪûֿԼǣ˿ֻܹò׼֡
ɰ͵˿ƣʮҲǷǳٵһˣ˵õָѧ˵Ҳһֻ
԰ѩȻСͲεУǱ𾴵ġ


70 Գ
ϣֻи߲εᣬʥǰռ䣬߹ڴҵ˼ȦУŻԵòر
У߹֮ڵٵĿЩлõָߣеĿֻһ죬еֻһ仰
Ҫ˵һһָҪȥ߳ϡ
ѩģµľǳԿˡ¼ѩӦԼһ˷ܡ
Ҳ¿࣬Ҫѧñ£˫ȫȻ󱣻úõıסҲ˵ﻰ
ҲǸ˼ҡ
ֻһ˵꣬ͷԼ·Ѳ˵Ҳ˵ˣǸæӡ
ףŮ鳤ȷʵʥߣţһһغδϣصѧϰ֮ϡѩ˵仰ģһīʥʥߵĶԻ̲סһ䡣
֪ˣѩ㣡׵ͷʾԼס
ΪȻӣѩоͰ̾һףҲ㼴飬Ϊ˵Ҳı䲻ʥǵľοݵķֱҲֻΪպʱأͺúõһõʱɡ
ײ֪ѩ룬Ѿ׷ȥˡ
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СӣȫˣȥȻʱɳԸ¾͸ñլˡ׼ֱţһ˼ڿ֮ϣҲеΡ
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ڻͶѩϳʱȴܾˣѡԼ
ѩǱ׵İȫѡΪҰտףҲտº顣
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ЩȻʶѩǸܵĵѩǴƣ֪ѩͨߣһרŸ𱣻׵ģû˲ͬľ
ܿ죬һóԼļ
һܵúܿķܵͣһڴһпܰƥΡ

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ѩϲƿһеԸûб䡣
ѩ󣬾һ뵽ĶС
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Ǵ˴λ׽ĶӳǰѴ󽣣Ҫ֮ȥ׳ۡ
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ҵĸɵĺ£㶥ңҲΪŭһҹš
ҴѧʿЦһȻһһĳɽڵĵطȥ


71 
ʼ˵ݶԣǸס߹֮ǿңҲ֮ǰͱ
Ϊ¹ˣסǴ
һķĸΪֻҪϱʱ߹ԺʥضųѸ
ϣʬ廹ģȻ÷ƴաҴѧʿɽǰʱóһʥֳ㽫ɽٻ
Ȼ͵ѧʿҪջɽʱͻȻһǿϢɽڴ˳
һϿա
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ֵõķһʵ֮д죬ڶһٻʹõǴһġ
Ϊ֮жһȽϷ㡣
ҲмģɼͨҲҪǧҲܹõϵġԶʮеĽĿǰҲмѡ
ҪӳмҪܶҵġ
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Ҳ˵ƷҪƷİٱƷҲƷİٱ
ڼƷҪҵӵмƷ鼮ͺˣҪöһҪҽһ֡
УҪһƷһǹǲеģ֮⻹ҪһЩ
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ÿֲҵ鶼£׷ʲô顣ڳϵĪһɲԤС
ǣҲ֪Լıп϶мټǴĹȣ˵ӦΣղŶԡ
ǣǹɸоȴԽԽǿҡ
Ƭ֮ױа˼֣һ׹šƵͳ׵ϡ
ġӸ֪
ùƵͽ뵽״̬
ȻҪҪ״̬Լĸ֪Դ̽Χûʲô쳣
ҸܵɲϤǡٻŮĻ꡷Ϣ
״̬׵һʱͲ˺üܹкܶ㣬ΧЩ衣
Щ㲢Ǻܶ࣬ȷǶĲ
ֲСͨ״̬׾ܽҲѷ֡
֪Ѱң
׷ָû쳣󣬾ͼӸ֪ķΧĸ֪ʮססܿʹﵽǧס
ͷʹˣǧ׾Ҿļˡ
ǧ֮ڣײûзκ쳣
ҴѧʿǱߣѾǧˣȻܹǱߵңҲ޷ȥ̽
ҶҲã
ȷûΣպҲһ˳״̬
Ͼ״̬֮£ȻԲȴ״̬ʱ߽ضῴƵ
ţȵȣԾ
Ȼ׸Ҫͨ״̬֮ʱȴͻȻֿе㷢˱仯
Щܵǣǰĳص۹ȥٻǵ־ǿǿ󵽡
׽״̬ڷ쳣

͵ȥǹٻжǿʱͻȻһ޺ԺУֱӰ״̬˳
֮ϵĴڣ֮ϵĴڣ
֮о֪ԼԤûдˡ
ѩ㣬óͣһԽĴǣǧܼȥˡһ׸æһͬʱ
ף˵ʲôׯƽĿһ
Ѿ·Աױµִ
ڣûз쳣ȴ˵Σգⲻڴ
ףҽǰĵ·û⡣ѩҲûиӦ쳣װڰ֣ʾ׻ȥ
˵ҡ
׻һ£ʱȴһǿᵽµ˲ڳӵˡ
־ֵ˲䣬ׯƽѩʱɫ䡣
ôҲ벻ȻǸûз֣ǰб׵Ӱûз֡

ǿֺ󣬶ʱһֲɢ
ɲһصĲصֻܹܵɲ
ҸܹĲڲʱԴɻһ塣쳣׶ʱ֪Ϯˡ
ɻ꣬ǲɻɭֺúôţȻܵǴ
ɻ귢ɲǣб׵ӰҲˡ
һվ׵ǰȻ־ǹɲ޷˺ס
ѩׯԼȴֿǹɹĲ
ͨߣгڵ¡顢ԼȷʵоһͷΣȻرҪ˯
ȻǹʥܣһӰĻ֮󣬾֪ЩԼʲôʵˡ
ԽĴڣʥߣ൱
ͨǹ죬˹ϲ𣬵ֶϾҪҪִѧʿ
иҪһ㣬Ǿɲսģֻɱ׵ġ
ȵȣɲҵĸоϤ겨Ҫȡǵ꣬оԲܹôҲǶӵһЩ֪ġ
Ӱı£ܿͷǸ첨ܡ
ϧӰֻһߣޣֻܹһˣ˵Ӱ͹˲ôˡ
ӰȻˣײܹܣ¡顢˻ں档
֮⣬ЩԼҲܹĿǵߡ
ǣױһȻе˳
սػ
֮£ٻսǵѡΪսһ磬ֻҪԼ˰ôԱرܿ귨
ʧˣǹɸоϧҵȻ޷뵽ս֮ڡ׿սаһϧ


72 סľ
ʥǿһӹɵģߵĽλ̫ˡ
սǣǵԵ׶޷һǿУοԵǱǿĹ
ԣȻʥսûγɣڵҲֻʥչһռ䣬˶뵽ѡ
УĿռǿȲǺǿ
ղֻǰһֲ뵽ʥ棬Щҿƿ϶࣬һȴǿɵƵʥĿռ䣬ǰܹʥĿռ䡣
ˣĵطǴĹԵսʼʱ򣬾Ѿͺִѧʿ
Щ֮⣬ҲһӰأһֹȥƻսռġ
ս֮УҪĲȥ취ǿػԼϵ֧ԮϹ
ս𣬾ȻҵɻУղҸоһ֮ƺҪСɻ˵ˣۼ˵ĸо϶ǲһġ
ǧҪСǵ鱨Сӵ֮Уһսսһ˱ս֮УֻһͨˣᱻᲢ۵ĵزֲһ䡣
Ȼһ˽⣬ͷˡ
Ǹ̫ˣǿֻҪԼսô޷κǣ治֪ȺôģȻԼѡսɻͻȻ뵽˱׸ɵǰ˸
ҲսķҲպ֮ˣǧҪ뵽ս֮ڡ
ȷʵˣҲмֵ
ɻһ˵ţһ߰ǵγԻ˳
ͬһ㣬ɻɻһĹɻһ壬һȵľţ
սڡ
˹ɻ꣬ԼĶԻ֮󣬶һ˿Եĵط
֣˹˵ӦõһʱֻɱҲǣȴ·żڵȴʲôһ׶һɻ
Ҫ֪Ĺ棬ٲҲôĸִѧʿҲʮңĴѧʿǲ
ǿĳУӦһͶ׽бĹٶɱײŶԣе졣
йŹ֣һ©ʲôԷԲʲôĸվ졣׵˼ת벻
ϾʥҪϸʮӣĸ־ͻеˣʱȵȣʥ
뵽ʥʱʱһǿҲ
ʥ֮йԼǲܹʥ֮µ˳֣Ҳ԰иڲ顣
ǰᣬҲҪ۵ġ
ʥҪǶҳ֣ôҲǱɣʥֶȡʱ䣬ܵشҲɱҵʱ䡣
Σǣ֮ǰǰʥһˡ
ʥƽ֮ԲģΪҪǳֵĴֵֵá
ǣΪ˻ɱһضʥţ˵ʥߣĨɱϣʿôһʥ˵Ĵֵۣˡ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿʥֵ߳ʱʥҲֻܹʥߣְܹס
ĻʥҲΥԼܵش
ѩ㣬йŹ֣ûв´ĻʥҪҳˡ
뵽һױ˰ѩǰԼ뷨
֪ҲֻʥߣʥҲˡѩʱҲüͷ
ʥߣҲûп¿һۣʵ˵ʥˣ塢ʥҲûп
ʥ߸ոմҵģסλʥߣǣסǵ֧ԮҪʲôֶξͱڲҴˡѩһ˵ţһ߽һŵݸס
ֽʥѩϢֽո˵ݡ
ʥԳ֣Ǽӳ𣿡ֽ׵пһ
Ĳ²ʥ߸ֶΣʥߴϢʥҪԶ׳֡
ӳֱָӳֵĲܴ󣬼ӳֵĻǸʥ߶˶ѣֱӳֵĻ͵Ҫͬھˡ
Ȼֱӳֻɱ׵ļʣҲҪȼӳִöࡣ
˵ΪȷҵλãֹˡǣֵΪҪҵȻһʥߡεĿֽݣ̾һ䡣
ףǶ͹ӰڿסУһʥǶǺֵġѩҲǸп
֮ǰȻҲй뷨뷨֤ʵζȫ
һʮ꣬ȻʥͷһΡ
磬ʲô飬ղôһ˯ȥ
ףôˣôʥ
ʱºҲ˳
֮ǰܵ˹ɻӰ죬뵽˶ݵʶȱ֮УڲŸոջع
סĴɱΣգǽ֮УûҵķԸ˭Ҳ׶һָԸºϿȥ
һȥɣǴĹʥҲڣһԶԸЩסġ˵Ҫһͬڡ
ǣȴµ֣˵¶飬һǡ
һ˵꣬ʹӹʱȡ飬ֱ𽻸º顣
ʲôסûнӹ飬ǽŵĿס
Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬ⱾұڸǡУⱾݷǳҪмҪСġϸȥҷʲô⣬ô¶պͿٻⱾԭ
ȻôҪ׼Լĺ¡
ʥԳָ׾ţҲûаٷ֮ٵİտԻ
磬׷ʲô飬ŻҰҲǺˣеʧ䣬֪û˵
ѩ㣬λ£ͷǰұˡ
ûµ⣬תŰѩׯƽһ
İɣǵĿ㣬ǡ
ѩİοףʵڲ֪ôڣֻܹͷʾӦ׵Ҫ
ׯҲͷȻ̾һ˵ף㲻˾ɥԽô㣬ôʥ߾;Բ㡣
£ʱѾȥˣ𡢺ִѧʿ˿ȴûһǰ֧Ԯڵ鷳Сɡ׿Ц˵


73 Ψһѡ
֪岻׷Լһ㣬˿̴ʥ߾ԲᳬЩǰ֧Ԯߡһǣסˡ
ֻҪٹƬ̣סڳǸԼʥͻ׻ˡ
û֧ԮڿڴĹѲǾĿסɱǣ´ӸղŵĶԻУڵĴ
Сȼ߹֮һǾԲ᲻ǵģǱǣסˡ黹侲뵽֧Ԯ޷ԭ
һ˵꣬ҲΪһµˣԭΣա
ǡ
Щ˵ʲôֲ֪οڡ
ѹˣ˵ȻΣգͬҲǻǾԴһĻ𡣡ǿԼ¶һ˿΢Цðѩ뵽֮ϡ
ϳʱҲ׵ߡ
ӣҲᡭ
ȥɣԺҪҲٵĻչº顣
ûѻ˵ֱ꣬ص˳С
Ժɾͻ᲻Сһ嶼ܰɱˡ
ӷģҾԻᱣǵġ
Ҳ֪ԼڵﲻκæҲԼӵаﵽ׵
뿪֮װѹʱ潫һ״ٻ˳
˻䱸īֽ⣬󶼻Լһ׺õ
Ͼⲻǰݵ磬ǱҪʱضܹд׼
Դпɲҵķ񣬼ʥֻɱңҲױͲһ
׻ǵǴǵʱڵʮ֮һϵĵƳˡ龭Ͷ򴫡δ⣬ʲôûС
ǣһûΣ
ڿڣϹʥһ֮顣
֮ĵƣΪԼлȥĿܡ
ѡ񲻶࣬ӦΣ÷д鼮дһµ鼮ȻطȥԿʥ׾񣬳ʥûеʼ˼Բߡ
Ų鼮ƵѾ걾ûа취ṩ
ڡͶ򴫡׹Ҫдһ飬ôӦγһ磬Ȼһλ
ЧסͬҲЧ
ԣԲܹдͶ򴫡
һʣµѡͻǱǡ龭͡Զʮ
龭һ½һգֹͣĸŮ
ȻڿʥȴһöûС
Ŀǰʣµѡֻˡ
ҪôдԶʮҪôдһµ鼮ѡ񡣡
׺Լ״Ҳ֪ԼҪȥǰΣԷ취
дһ˵̫ˣΪԷʥߣҪдһʥܹԿǸʥ
׷д뷨ڵľǲд飬ҪдҲֻд飬ȥдʥ顣
дʥľ񸺵Σˡ
Ȼ޷дʥ飬ôҾдԶʮⱾضǹģҹõķء
뷨ױѡԶʮóϣͬʱ׼ǱʡѪīˮ׼ʼд顣
Զʮߣֿ֮ɽĪа̧ʣд˸ɽĪаϡ
ɽĪаڵ쳯Ĵ˵֮ʦ£֮ĹĽ־Ѫ˸ɽĪа
ţѽ֮ʱֱӻ
˫Ƴ죬ǸɽĪа鷨׵ľ֮£һӾͰѸɽĪаĹдˡ
дµʱ򣬴˹ֳ֮˸ɽĪаһĳ
Ψĳ˿ᡣ
󣬻һİ£Ҳ֪дĺˡ
Ȼдһ飡
Ǵ֪һܺãȥǱݡ
˹ڵƽգ֪ǣ塢Լʥ߼սԵյ֮ʱǶϸĵĹۿ
кöСŮж©ݣĲʦɽĪа֮İ顣
ȻҲһЩꡢŮоպһҪһʹ½
֮⣬вĶʦ·𿴳һ֮
ԭľѪܻһЩӲĶϣԼ־ע뽣УһѽӦ⡣
ԼԿԳ֮Ϊʦˡ
ҵսʱҲѡ
ʹֶ췽ʱ̣Ч
ҲӦץסȥʵһ£ĿУôס˵Ҳмֵˡ
ʦǱһ˼뿪Ⱥ壬Ǵ󲿷ΪҺڣһǴϲãͬʱһСϲ󾫣һ־ͱȽƫִˡ
ЩƫִĶʦΪ˴һԼװȥܶೣ˸󲻵顣
磬ȥץס壬һͨĶʦ벻

սΧɻꡢڼ֮Ҳһ㶡
Ǹд飬һ󡣡
ţ¶д飬һǹ顣
ԵףǲΪܹ״ϣ
ΣٹƬҪˡ
ǰʥԶ֣ûκô
Цһ׵Ķ
ͬʱǸս棬ӰҲ־ᡣ
׾ţδϣ϶ûη飬취ѣֻϧ
ӰȻױ³ڵûпܴʥˡ
װǴ漣꣬ϣܹٴһ漣ӰҲֻܹϣܹ漣

սڡ
ײܱô룬Լд顣
ɽĪаѳǶҲͶԸһԸѣҪ˵ʥˡ
׺Ϊ˫ĸɽĪажûͣ±ʣǼд
ʮŸ߽֮Ԩ
ԨΪ˽俪ɽųɽϪˮ¯Գɱǻе߸Уǡ֮󣬸ӽͬǸɽԨƮ·оԣԨ
һһдеĸɽĪаܿʧȡ֮Ԩ


74 һ彣
ԨǳŸ߽֮гľ񣬷ǿһ࣬оõ
ױ˿ѽʱжôֲΪ֪Լ㲻һ֮ˣ˵ĻԣԼǵˡ
ǣ˵ЩԵĻҲ֪ܹܲڡ
Ȼӵ󣬵ǻǲ
׶ԨпһСͼӶеǱʣд̩
̩֮ͬҲȨ֮Ҵ˽ɻ䵹ִ֣ŰȨ͸ˡ
̩ʺսʺϽ˧ͳʹãֳ̩ʱоͻӾӵʿ
׿һֱ̩ԼߣԴԼơ
̩ûʲôǵֱʱʱɡ
̩ӳȷʵ˻ǲ
һдⱾ鼮
ʮԶģ۵֮
ǵ۵֮˽߲顢ŻΪΣϳ˪ѩˡ
ڵźܶĴ˵ʵʷ֮УѽҲֹ
ֻûдԽǣǸʱĳ
У˴۵֮⣬ͬʱŰԵ֮
˵õһѽôضһƵ֮·ʱ֮ҲȷѪꡣ
Ĺǿ͵ԣһٻ£ķǺǿôɱҲǲܡд֮󣬾֮Ƕǿ
ǳҲԵõ̩ļӳɣ⼸ѵնɱһһǾûˡ
ɵдʱҲΪ֮һһɵƣԺ֮С
˺ܶ࣬ΪܹдļҪʱʹˡ
΢ϢƬ̣ͬʱ˺üƿ»˻ָһ־
»ǻָõˮ֮һ
Զʮʵ֮տ¬
տ¬ʵ֮һ֮ĴֻΪʵ
տ¬һѽһֻ۾
ͨɫȻ޼ĳ˸еĲķĿʹ顣
ϲһĿ䡢ĺɫ۾עžһһ
еڲ࣬
޵ưܡ
֮Ӣ̫֮֮񣬷֮
տ¬ʵ֮޵ôӵдݻһ֮Լʵȵܣѽնɱ
дտ¬󣬾͸ܵڤڤ֮з·һֻ۾ڶԼ۾Ȼտ¬Ľˡ
дտ¬£͵տ¬ľٻѽʱҪΥʵ֮£ôտ¬ף뿪ס
෴ģڵʵôտ¬Ҳͷųǿʵػס
ʵ֮
ʵ֮ۿҵ뷨֮Ϊʵ԰ȫɡ
жտ¬һԼ뷨
׵˼֮Уտ¬һ磬Ǹ졢ء֣ࡢ塢塢鶼ԼĵλһȻϵͥͳ죬ȴǳá
ң׵֮Уﶼһһ֮߳ᣬҲ˵ÿһ˶лᣬȻҲԵĹƽ϶繫ƽˡ

տ¬ܵ׵뷨֮󣬶ʱһ
ͻ׵սݵ˴ڵÿһ˶УסļϸԼ̿ͣЩǰҪɱ׵ʥǣһ
ҪǣͨĽЩжױеˡסȫ˽
סʥҲ⡣
֮ͻȻ֣ЩϾҪͻʥ߷ǰɱ׵ʥߣȴֱסһʱ䡣
ս⡣
ɻꡢܵĹΪǿҡ
ʲôǽܵˣɻȵĿס
ҸоΣգӦʱ뿪һ£ⱻˡҲܵˣȻҪʱԶס
ЦˣһССİ֮Եɺд飬Ҳܵ˰ˡɻĸ֮ɲһ
ȷʵˣʥأûУ㿴ⶼּ𣿡ԸԶףַһ䡣
ʥ飿ܣɻҡҡͷ˵һʥҪҪ֪ʶۼơ֤ʵģһ䲻ʮСӣʥ顣
ɻȻ֪ʼˣСסʥʥΪдʥ
ȷʵܣ˵ǻڰֵ꣬ǻ֮У˵ܹдʥ顣ĵһ㡣
֮ǰпȥѯ׵κ飬ǶǾ䡮ǻڰ֡رᡣ
̫߿ˡɻ겻ΪȻҡҡͷĿս˵İɣܻᡭ
ɻꡢȻǴҲʹѾ׼𣿡
׵ͻȻ˹ɻĻȻע֮£һ߳ս
ȥΣգӰ𿴵׳󣬸æһƣγһǽҪ״ȥ
Ȼɷǽûп׵壬ͱ÷顣
УǸղŵ󡣡Ӱ𿴵аһ䡣
ӰˣͽҰɡ
׿һӰȻŸոдĸɽĪаԨ̩տ¬⼸ѽһһԽӰ˾ɻ͹״ĵط
СӣȻԼôɻ׳󣬶ʱ˻ɱףȡ׵Ȼʣһʥߡ
ǣ͵ǰʱɻȴͻȻеԼһǿĽ
ɽ֮£Ȼǰδеĸܵ˿־壬ԼϢ
ϢȻùɻߣȴˡ
ɽ֮ܡɻ겻ŵĸɢĽ⣬Ȼҧ˵㲻ǳģҪɱǣ𣿡
ɻȻܲһ㣬ǿֲĽȴòϡ
ˣղŲд飬д飬һдԶ֮ԲŻֲĽ⡣ķӳҲܿ죬ڸܵ׵Ľ󣬵һʱ뵽һ㡣


75 ֮
һߣѾľ򣬶𣿡
һһʣùɻ͹̲סһ
ˣױˡ
ȻֻһСҲ֤ڳǴʱڵס
Ҫȥ׾Ի
ش𣿡׼ֻǶԼشԼ⣬Ǳ˵ȻǲشôҾ͵׼УҿȷĸǣҵĹȻ԰ȫɱһее˺ôһĿܡ
˵ָ꣬߸̧
ಣಣಣ
ֵ̧һ˲䣬Զʮедѽֶʱɱ
ǾͿҵԼȻ֮ںһγɢ޾Ƶĳ
ɶ̫ǿˣˣɻһʹתߡ
ܹܣɻҪܣæȰ赽ǿĽԿԻգһߵĻͻѺףʱֻҪЩͿԻɱ㣬Ȼʣµ߳ɽҲɱңԲܡ
ȻҲܣ֪˽ľ֮£Ӳ׵Ĺ
˵֮ǰ߳սĿľΪһ㡣
ɶǶڴˣ׳ʱֱߣܱĽ
㻹˵ϺȵĻˡ
ΣյĹͷ໥Թ
Ҫ̫żǰеıϣҾͲһܹ֮ɱҡɻһʱһӰڷ˳
Ӱȫ׾ͿСһŵĹɻֻ꣬ɻã״̬ġ
ɻһ֮ר壬ǵ깥ǳ죬Ҳ쳣ǿ󣬲ϣֱū״̬֮£һ
׽Źɻ꣬˵ɻһ
걾޵ģԵɻ꿪״̬֮Ȼ˲
׹۲ɻʱ򣬹Ҳ޴ı仯
֮ǰĹֻһȡ֧ǵľţһ֧ǣȣͬʱߺںľţ
״̬֮£ǿһĵزΪԣͨʥȫһҲɱ
Ӱ𿴵֮󣬱˵һ䡣
һתΪ״̬Դеһ£ԼķиɻȻǹҲó״̬ȴû˿ĵġ
ҸǻˣȻûѡôһɡ
׼ָ˲仯ΪһָŹɻ͹һָ
ಣಣ
ָһԶУ̩֮⣬İ˲ΧչҵĹ
иɽĪаԸĹɻꡣ
ѽλȻߵģ֮һܣտ¬ֹ¡
տ¬ĵ幥ǿѽǹ
İѽĹȥ󣬹ɻꡢȻܵ˼ѹܿǾȴһֵ飬Ǿ׵Ĺûеǰǿᡣ
Ծѽ󹥻ȻҪȫԸ޷ɱҡԴתıȽϿ죬ڸܵ׵Ĺ󣬾֪Լϵˡ
һѽûжǰѽҪô޷ҪôǺ֣ȲùܡǣѽȻκβңİѽһͬңҿ϶˲ͻشȻпһĻɻͿߡ
һӦųտ¬һ˼ΪҪô
Ƕɻ֮ȻǽⲻҪİѽһ𹥻ĻҲɣʱҲܹѡ
뵽֮󣬹֪׺ƭǡ
֮ǰ˵Ĺֻ԰һͬɱǿĽ⣬ԼһоеǰҲԲ顣
˭֪òֻܹɱһ
ֻҪɱһ֮ҲľʱֻҪӰľͿԻɱס
ôˣʼˣֻҪڼһµĻʱһľôҺɻ궼ֻײΪҪ˲ǵѡ񡣡·𿴵ʤϣʤ˵ļ򵥣ΪЩԾ
ȵȣײ֪ܲѽɱҺɻ꣬ҲԵ޹ʵƭǣ֮ôпΪʱ䡣ͻȻ֮䣬뵽һֿܡ
ãûɱǣ롭
ۣ
뵽һͬʱʱеԼؿһʹͿһϤӰʱվǰ
ǸӰ֣һɢ޾ɱĶ̽һɢźںâĶ̽
Ӱ𣬶ϵǰѺں̽㳦
Ӱԭˣ벻Ƕ׵ļıһȻĿɢһ˿׺ݣƴȫӰͬھ
ϧӰ֮Ա֮ΪӰ𣬾ΪٶȺܿ
ҹҪֿտ¬ĹӰɵľͶ㿪ĹȻŹɻȥ
ףһʼĿľɱ֮ǰӰ˵ڵ齻㣬ʵڰʾӰҪȻɱǡ
֮£ΪҪǷϻ
ԭ׸ղһжΪԻǣΪǴƾԼԿǣӰĴڣΪ׵Ĺĺǿǿ԰һɱǲߡ
ʵأЩȫҲɱһȻͻľʱһ϶ߡ
Ȼ׵Ȧף˵˭ûߣ͵ڸӰֵĻᡣ
ӰߣΪ룬Ϊ׵İȫ͵ϮͲں
УĽλֶͬȻ
οڴӰ·ʱͰа㳦Ӱ𣬵Ӱù㳦ʱͷԼܹ㣬ʱ¶Թ㹥
һȻûɱҲˣǳտ¬԰˵Ĺո
һУƺ˵ġ
ҵ϶˵ԲԺҵĳɾͻӽҲ˱ʷᡣ
Ź˵һ䣬ȻѼӴ˳տ¬Ĺ
ףûӽʷʫ³һʥ߻սδ˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
һȻǾ޴㵹˵ϣ˫ۡ


76 ʵĲп
ˣôˣǳɴ׵ƺӰ͵Ϯ֮¡
󣬻ǿҵĲʣͼס
ֻϧϵʥ飬ͿɰͨˣοϻʥԼ֮顣
ڵ˵κεͨ䶼Ӻϡ
˵ˣºմȾϢ˵ѡ

ɻ֮󣬶ʱŭһȻ˲˸ɽĪаΧֱֱĳ׳ȥ
ף£ԸӰһ׵ǰ
ܹΪߵʮа˾ŶǾսɳģǵļʶܹ㣬֪ɻ״̬ºǹ졣
״̬ҳǲǵѡ񡣡˹ɻľ棬û£ֱӽİѽٻǰ

һ֮£׺ܿͱѽһͱΪһ⬣ɻףȻˣҲضش
ף̫СˣҲ̫С塣ɻ귢׵Ĵ󣬲û֣ͣӴ˹ȣһͬھ
ᣡǻᣡһδһǿʥߣֵˣɻʱر˷ܣûаѸͬھǳ裬ǵһҫ
ϧ
ڹɻǰ״ʱʱܵһһǿжԭء
ͬʱһֳ˹ɻΧЩֿȥر࣬Ҹޱȣ·һͻɢȥһ㣬ʵǺǿ󣬾ɻ궼޷ǡ
Щ֣Ǻִѧʿӵе֮ͨһ
԰κ鼮еֻסˣ鼮ĵȼԽߣԽǿҪѵ˴ֻ취һﵽˣǿаѵ˹УڶյԼ߽ȥ벻ҾȻԼ߽ȥһ
ɻ귢Լ޷ǰŲб֪ԼҲڽӣҲûа취˺ˡ
⣬벻һúִѧʿȻڰиСһңҲպĺ˳Ц𡣡ɻһ˵һתͷ˲ԶĽ䡣
ɻ̤꣬Ǵʱ򣬾Ѿע޷뿪ʲôֶԸ㣬ҸͲں
Ȼɻһ˵꣬һƯٱߣ̤һƬƬߵ׵ߡ
⣬ǲҪ˵̫磬Ȼ̰ģΪԻɱףУǵʥ߽֮ʱױɡɻкޣ޷йֻܹϣܹɱס
δǻʥ٣ҲܹɱǵļƻעͲɹ˵꣬ͶӰ׵˵ͷ
İʾױȫŹɻȥӰʱҲ˹ɻǰֱƻ
ϵģˡסһֻҪ궼ܵ˺
ǶԣֻҪʣһ²Щִȵȸͷ
סĻ깻ǿɻĴڣǱɱҲֻܵشʧѡ
ʱɻߣԶ
ֻϧеûһ˿һĿܡ
˵״̬֮£Ҳʧȥ˵ֿ󹥻
⵼¹ɻ꣬ջ֮¡
ɱˣѽߺͺִѧʿɱҲһ
ͬʱҲܵ˼ȵƣ
ȹɻҲջȻ׳޵ףĺܲûԼĲֻ֣ǸûɱĿܡ
ƻûκ֮£ɱսԿԱдΪ̲ˡӰȻˣȴΪ׽Ϊ顣
ȷʵ飬ҲᱻʷǡͬӰĿͬʱ˵ǡıԡ׿νȫУչȥĻպضʢ
λǰˣǸлһ˵ĳޣʵҺܺеĻʥߣʲôĴڣĶҳ֣ǷĿܡ
άĻ˭ȴû飬Ҫ֪ڿһʥߴҪء
ʥʮ󶥼ⲿУĵķһʥߡִѧʿᵽʥʱҲ˵ǡ
ˣ֮ΪΪˣܳΪˡ
ɴ˿ɼǰɱ׵ĻʥߣԷˡ
ףһǳϡ٣ǿһÿһһ壬λǿĴڣʥǳѾã֮еĵ伮¼棬Ѿ˽߰ꡣ
Էһ廹˽⣬һھͰѻϸס
ʥھѾ߰ˣҲ˵ǸӣԲŴĹͷһ״˻ͼ
һȻƾãҲͨķһ಻ǧ꣬ͻƳΪʥߣҲ̫ãǸ໹мʮǼҲΪģȻû֤ݣʵˡ
ⷬΪѵǾͲʥպҲ𣿡һ䡣
֮еʥߣɲǵһ飬Ҳǵһʥ߻ɱţһ岢ĲпᡣȻΣȴòһ㡣
ΪҪ׻塢ţôҲһ壬ȻѡһʥȴĨɱԷ
ˣҲ˵Ǹʥǿ϶Ҫɱңһʥ߳־ңͻܵʥԼķɣ˰ɣڵ״̬ܲղһԦѽеԲ
ܲ˵ģ̾һε˵סʥѾ˴ĹȣӲǵߣʥܹΪ飬ǾȥǸʥߵջҪȥĹ
ڵ״ס
ʵסʱ׾עҪǸʥߡ
֮ǰû˵ֻΪ˴ƶѡ
ױҪʥһ㣬ûѡ
ڵֻ֣ռһ
סʥ߳ʱֻܹЭסʥַʥ֮սôʥ߱ضҪ⵽شʱΣҲ֮١
ס顣
ĻôҲһ𣬱ܽЭ
ʵ


77 û
һֿһս¡ڵŵʵֻܵһ𣿡
ǵģʥֻΪһʱ䣬һ»ʥߵͷȻóһѶõ飬һ´Ϣ
ף˴¹ҲغδҪʲôֶεĻȫʹóɡҲ֪׺Ѵӻ´Ҳϣٶȴ漣
ղնɱ漣ڴһʥһ޷ɱ漣ôĻԻʱҪˡ
ҡײ䣬Ҳûа취ˡ
ǴҵдΪʥ飬ԴٻԿʥߣҵľ̫ˣոյĹѾҵľʣ޼ˡ
鼮ĻȻ澫ǵ֮ҿûоҵֵʥĹ
˵ʥ飿
׵һ仰Ҳһʧ䣬Ϊ׵ǱȻ
ǣ˵Լľ㣬Ȼдʥʱжʱͳ˾ϲ
ףȷлһʥݣԼһһߣϣܹõ׼ȷĴ𰸡
Ҿ㹻һдԶʮڶıһѽݷǳḻͬʱԶӡǣһдΪʥ鲻ٻ¡
׽ҪдĽʥ֮ѽһضǱΪʥ顣
ʵһѽһģ֮ǰĸɽĪаӦ÷Ѽ㡣
ΪɽĪа֮һ׵
Уд鼮棬һ׽Ҫʥ֮ǿû취ʥ֮ŵһ
ɵİգǺִѧʿû˵ʲôʥ֮Ūм̳аգ˵رҪ顣
˳ɣ
һ˵ţһǡԶʮ˳
Ȿֻ˽ףҪΪʥ飬һ±ҪβУȷа˳ɵİ𣿡⿴һ׵飬һ䡣
˵ʵʵǺһ㣬Ͼʥĳɾ̫ѵˡ
ûԼдһʥ飬һ֮飬˵Լƾһѽдʥ飬ŷ
ðɣȻ֮İգֻǾĻôǴܹﵽ㡣˼Ƭ̣Ȼһ
Ҳףдʥ飬ôֻҵľԲݣôﵽң
ȷʵһ㣬Ӣȴԡ˵ʱôһ˿̣ȻǸӢԼźܴĸϵ
Ӣȷʵ԰սҪΰṩ׿ó·ҪܴӢβܰﵽԼ
ʵϣһӢŵǰʥӢ壬Դ˻þ
һĻʥͻᱩ¶ʱҲҪʥصļ顣
òҵʥѾ˰ɣſҪ󡣡Ҳеţʥı¶ˣֻܹܵˡ
Ϊ˵ãʵϵʥ̫ˣһ֮飬һʥذץס飬Щ϶ᱻ
ǵֶΣ׿Ǽʶġ
˵ģһ鼮ǧͿ԰УȻ˵Լܡ
ʱ鼮СԽҪˣǲŽ鷳ء
һԶʱھرǿӢ飬˵һӢ飬˵һʧȥûĴڡᵽһӢʱ𾴡
ˣǸڸͲӢ飬һ԰ɡ׵ͷ˷ҪԼ
ӢǲͬģӢֻԶִǶȻӵоȴûκεļ䣬ǵľ¸ûа취ա
ֻʥڣſԽǵľ
ǣͲͬˡ
ûгɢǰӵżΪǿľһ˲䣬ľֱţֻҪסʱͿ԰ʧȥɻǾ
һ㣬͸Ǿһ
ϧǣľرߣͨȸ֮𣬴ֻнʿϵ󣬲лǾ⻹ֻлᣬһܡ
ѧʿĻǿԣɴѧʿ徫ӢʥΪ˷ֹһЩĵȥɱѧʿȻǾǱĹ涨
κǾˣһֱضὫ֮У̰ꡣ
һֲĵطĻɱܡ
շԣһԶʱڻ꣬ôе֪ʶһ޼֮
ԣҪԼףȷʵһǳĴۡ
λǰΪһԶŵĴڣֵ𣿡׵˵һ䣬ȻҪ֮˵Ļôеᡣ
ңһѡôɾ͵Ƿ˴һ顣
ףڡͶ򴫡֮󣬾ͱһһСУ֮ǰһصʥϧȴĨȥǶǱݣڵһҲ·ܵεĹ಻꣬ͻԶɢ˵ѡǸԭ
Ǹôãһǵõĳֻطûз֣ǵʱϵƺĴھͱطĵʱֳϡ
У֮֮ķֽƣǸֱ٣Ҳ
һĻðɻǾףôԴ˵һԽܵĽס
Ϊʥ߹ĵҲʹʥҪٻʥҪõ׵ͬ⡣
֮󣬴պҪٻʥ׾Բܸ档
οھһֻҪպ׳Ϊʥߣôõ㱨ࡣ
ôʲô֪װΪһ侲ĶԷһ䣬֪Բƽ޹ʰԼ
ǵҪӭȢһλΪޡᶨ˵
һɣǲܵġҡҡͷʵҲŲµһ㡣
ΪԼʥߣֻҪԼӭȢ˴ĹǸҪܹʣŮôǴлõʥ
ҪǧѷĻᡣ
ΨһҪֻҪһͷǴĹѡȡһʮνⲻǼý֮ˣҲ֪׶һҪԡ
ˣԸԼˣҲϣܹӦ


78 
Ϊֹɣʱ䣬Ǹʥ߹Ҳˡ
װ˰֣ʾⷽⲻҪ˵ȥ
˹ϵľܾ˷飬÷Ӱ𶼱ȽΡ
ȻʧӸ˽Ƕֶ׺
вҲܹرģΪŮɫԻ־ĻҲضܹΪʥߡӰаԸпһ䡣
ѣûǿ־·̫ĳɾ͡
ͲͬˣȻҲҪǿ־ֻǴΪһͨȻҸطȵôֻҪһЩʣҪ̫Ŭ
һϰ֮ҪĻͱҪڿҡֻҪ㹻ڿңʲرãҲСгɾͣȻҵ
ǣϰ֮˵־ᶨԲ˿ĻôٸҲɾͣҶȥֻС죬һսĴھڻҡ
ףɽڲûգӭȢӰ鿤ôǵĹҲǲԡһòôĹ檡
檿һݵµĴڣ֮УȫǸ߼һŮѣ˶رչˣ˵Ҳûݡλԡ
лǰ˿ңǿŤĹϲ仹ǲˡ׼ҡҡͷȻ۾˼ھ֮
ðɣȻִˣôǿһֻһλʱߣΣһһһ󲽡
˵ĻֻҪ׵ͷӦ㵽ʱ׿ǸҲȫԲ
Դ˵ͬҲһᣬֻҪǸ顢ģпܷ׵ġ
֣Ȼײͬ⣬Ҫôˣɵڳƻ٣ƽǴ׻û˵ӰȲһ䡣
߿Ϊ˻ɱסֶΣǰǴ󶼷ǳӡ
ӰߣɲϣԺѵʱ򣬻ᱻЦ
ǰҸлһɱĲܴӦҲ뵽˶Կʥİ취
˼뵽һЩգпȹѹصİ취
ʲôһ˵ҵ˷˫۶ʱð˾⡣
˵ʵҲϣױʥɱյǱҪ״ӦһߣſԵõİ
Ƿܶ飬ȻҲ˽԰ףȴʵһ㡣
ˣ֪ܹа취ԾȺҲǺܸˡ
ҪһλǰæǷҵģҲʱˡ
һ˵ţһ߶һץȻһƬɢĹƬ˳
ѹۣʥ߼ۣ⿴̲֮סľ
Ҫ֪Ȼ뵽ս֮УҲû̫ĺøУͨȻǺѵõ۵ġ
ʥ߼ۣǰ겻
⡢ӰǴˣҲûһϣȻ֪úǷ顣
Ǻۣʥ֮УǶĴڣĻа취ҡ
һ˵꣬ͰѰֱע뵽˺Ƭ֮С
һԶĺȻ͸ܵƬе춯


ſԼĹ֮УΡ
Ȼó֮һ۾Ȼ૵ĵɸоǸСںҡ
һͰѺһĸ߲ȫ˹
ңйǸ׵Сӵ顣ûֱӻӦ׵ĺѯ
ǻ˺ܾõĺôӵϵĶҲóȻȥκһط
Ǹ鷳ˣųʥߣҪڻһĻʥԻɱסǣ廹ڰĸʥߣ׼ڻʥʧܺһʥʵеڶƻһʥɱס
Ѿ˱ɱӡǡ
ס徹Ȼϧʥɱ׺ʵһѡ
Ǹ׾ʼˣ԰֮ʥһɱ˰˸˸Ҫ׳ɳȥĻպΪһֲʥߡ
ֹˣ׻ǸΪصʥߣʥߵ£ϻбʥĵذڶʥ顶ֳۡ
˵ֳһص칬֯Ǹ֯пƿʥ顶Ͷ򴫡׸֯Ҳйϵ
֮ϵһЩ¶йأסʥΪ˷ֹպѹǣѾϧʥߵĴĨɱ
һȻӴ󺣣ǵϢǺͨģΪһֺϲ壬ȻͬҲһϲȥռı
һǶҲ
˯һĹ벻ǸСӾȻͲһַ죬һߵͻСӡ
׵鱨֮˵ȻЩƣȴֳһ˿Цݡ
Ǻܾûô˼ˣǺܾúܾˡ˼ص˺ܾǰ
ʱֻһֻСǵõʱһŮӱ׷ɱȻɱײǡ
ٻĹȥˣҪڻأǸˡһ飬֪ëַˣԸæĻ䡣
ˣڲǻʱ򡣡
عεҡҡǾ޴ͷűϵһ˵ຣǺһʥ֮ǿĴڣһȥ׵ֿʥߵһɡ
ǺľҪԼһ۷弶ĺȥףԼûа취׵ġ
ΪҲʥߣְףضܵʥЭķɡ
ǻʥߵʥжǿǰģҲûӵһǸຣûֱӴӦǰȥ
£ʥ߾׳ֵ˲䣬ʥԼͻ³ͷҲ˵ûж׳֣Ⱦͻ⵽ֵ˲䣬ͷԻʥ󶥶ɵϣһ󲻹ǷﶼᱻʥЭĨɱ
ҲǩдʥЭһԱһ
ֻһĻҵû⡣ຣˣ֪ƭԼ
㺣ļຣҲܹ»ʥɵ
ȥɣ˳ǵ֮󣬰ҵƬջҿɲáСļһһֱҵۡ
˵̧Ǿ޴צӣȻһץ


79 ʥ
ʥǵģĶرҪĻôųʮףһﵽʮôʥߵȫһпɱס
ǣʥҲôһҪ
ʥߵҪһʥ֮⣬ʥ߶ɫһаһ塢Ҫնɱ
ʵϣ塢岻նɱĻҲŪôĶˡ
ãҴӦԲ׵ֵιҲҪӦҸղŵ󡣡ʥջǴӦ
һ˵꣬ʥߵɫǳѿ
סߵʥߣǶ¶һ˿Цݣˡ
Ȼʹ죬ôҲӦǣֻҪĴӻϻʥ߾Բ׽дɱҲ̬ˡ
˵ʵĲɹǻҪǷȥһʥɱס
Ȼɱ׶˵Ҫһʥʧˣôڶʥ߾пʧܣһ͵ڰװʥȥ
ôأʥߺû廹ûеתͷʥߡ
ģҲ֪޷ʥֻҪʧˣԺǾԲڳֶԸסŵڶƻģǵȻϱ֤ˡ
ʥ߲֪һ㣬ʥߺܶ඼ʥҲֻܹͷֻʥԡ
Һܺ棬ΪζţѲдʥ飿һʥ֮󣬺Ķʥһ䡣
һǾͲҪ֪ˣһǻûǣʥ߾ȴɡʥ˵꣬ͶʥߵͷúǴػŴ˹󷨡
󷨴򿪵һ˲䣬ʥ߱һӣֱӽ˴˹

ֵ˲䣬˹ڵ¶ƾ˽ʮȣǿƣʱ˵ע⡣
ǡˣ
ǰʮķһ壬ôǵĴ
Ϣʥߡ
ʥ߽ǴĹҵʲôǴʥʲô
һЩ֪Сҡеʱ䡢ͨ͹ԱڵһʱԴңԼػʥ߷֮һ
û취Ϊһ֮ﶼȫĻôĸطǰȫġ
ǣڴûʱȥǽͣΪҲעǱߵ
ʥߣʥ֮еٮٮߣ벻ȻҪ׻˵һҫͬʱҲһѡ
ʥ߸֤֮ǿҲ֤˼ɡ
Խˡˡ
һġסʥʥضᱻãųеӣ뾡취ȥӽ£֪˭ǵõµôǼһμ
ڵĴҡţдңʱȷʵıζʥ͡סʥ顣

Ǳߡ
ֵ֮ǰһվߡ
Ѻ۸Ұɣһ㵲סʥߵĹ
ȻຣˣʱѾԼϢͬʱ仯Ϊģ
֮»ȻƿԼֱֶӻɱס
ຣȻ޽ӽʥߣͬʱںԼһʥߵģϾʥߣʥǷһЩĹֶΡ
лຣǰǰ׵һлͰ۽ຣ
ຣǰʵһĹйŵԼȴһֱûѶ֪ǲǷʲô飿뵽˱ڻǵģء
Ȼʱȥ˺ܾãԵõ˺ܹܶ࣬һ裬Ǳ裬һֱ֮һ
Ҫܵ˵Ӱ죬ΪڵϿǷǳģʱĻʵ۶֮Ϊӡ
ˣÿ춼Ҫ˼ѧϰȻûа취ͨšຣҲϲԶԱ黹˽⡣
ϲϲֻǳ֮ϲѡ
ԭˣ
׵ͷȴһҶԱĶԿⲻҵģҲûйϵպǿ֮ʱҶȥһ⡣

͵뵽ʱͻȻһǿֱӽ˽ȥ
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У̫ˣ¶Ǵﵽʮϣһֻһѡ
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ຣһʼ˵ҪдţֻǱܵΪҪֺñһĹԴ˵õһı
׾ȻóڱıʶΪˡ
Ϊ֪֮ǰʱŸոմʱ򶼲٣θġ
ģôһǱ͵ġ
Ŀܣһȥ֮һҪʱѵĻôӦҸѱųȥຣԱҲܺãʵǲͬġ
ףǰɱ˸ҾԼȡ
ຣ˼ʱʥߵҲ
ʥ߸ղ仰õԣԴ˶ˣ仰
ףǸʥף
֪׵飬ȻʥߣʵֻǵõԶɵĽ̵ŴΪʥߣʵֻһҵ
Դɱ˰Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ιǿЩʱΪʲôͲΪһʥҪ׻ǿʥ߰
ǲ֪һսԻʥ˵Ƿ֮󣬺ܶ˶ɻ
ʥΪγɱףҲӦĵɡӦùĵǵʥȥˣѵǶ𣿡
ǰʥأܲòۿױʥɱɡ
һʱ䣬İֶʼѰʥߵӰ
ϧ˰ҲûзʥߵӰǺ˶·òʲôı
һ磬һңһЩı۵ţЩ˹ͷģĿľǸʥҥԡ


80 ҫ
ʥߵͻȻ֣˹İն뵽˻֮С
һʱ򣬴Ҿͻ᱾ܵ뵽ʥߺʥء
ʥӰӶûУѲױˣĳֽ𣿡
ܣʥصأҲʥػ᲻֪飬׼Ȼһ˾նɱ˰˴ʥΪβס
ʥ͸ˣıʥظˡ
ɶĻ
һЩ˵Ĳ£ڵۺܿתƵʥ档
ʥԭĵطӴ￪ʼѾ˶ʥطˡ
ʵϣȻЩЩ˴ݺʥأݺҲȫԡ
ʥؾ֪ڵ״ֻװ֪Ȼй۲һ˿һİɴ˿ɼȷʵҲ顣
𣬷һʥߡ
׿źεǰסǿµĸº󣬾̧ͷͬС̫һĻʥߡ
ͬʱʥߵ˫Ҳÿס
ֻǣͫг˻棬׵嵹Ӱ
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ҲܵʥߵĴѶѾ׶Իʥˣ岻ðףͬ塣Ӱ𲻺ÿڵĻ˵˳һ˵Ӱε̾һȻ뿪
һ˵ӵʵ̫ˣоԼڶ˼ס
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ף챾ʥԼ
ʥžʹһȻͻȻһֱӻһž޴Ļ򣬽װС

һ̣ʥĻΪһС̫׾̫ĺУĻᱻʥĻ򣬳յĻҷ
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ˣ벻ţõɲ˵꣬Ȼ֡

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Щкִѧʿдѧʿнʿ֮ûһΪ׿Ի
𣬿һĹͻȻеһġ
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쿴ʥ߰һȥˡ
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ɶ񰡣ʥ߾ȻҴɱţǴȻûʥ߳
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Ȼ͵ΪױʱŰס׵Ļ棬ȴʼÿˮȥຮ
ͬʱдˮʼֳ


81 ǰ
ǰ
󣬾ʹһ΢ݳȥ󣬽źǰĲԶһ޴Ŀռ
ȥɣȻ׼˫ɱУôǾͰСӶȹһأڵڶػʲôǾҪûİ취ˡ
ǷǳӳŵһΣǵڶεȷʵ
ң֮ǰʥµŵػ壬ҲػһˣֻҪĹȻڣҲʳԡ


Ϊʲô֣ѲҲûа취𡣡׵˽ӣɺûг֣еĻ䡣
͵׼ԺڴȻȥİ취ʱȴһ֮ͻȻ뵽ÿһ˶С
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ȻʶຣȴܵõຣӴ֪ຣԼҪǿӰҲҪǿǺһ֮һĸ֡
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ຣԣ㲻ʹֻƾǿ̶ȾͶҪӰһСء
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ϧⱾʥߣҲԭߣֻǴʦﴫĶѡ

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˿̣ʮʥڶսˡסʥߡ
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׾ĿǣպضдѣԻʥһҪɱһʥ߶űֻ޴Ļ˵һ䡣
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ʥߣѾĺԺѧˣһξİɣ׳ܻһҾʹ򿪴˹ûȥ㲻ͬǻսס
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󣬰ʥڵʥߣ׸ʥߣʥҲΪ뵽֮С
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ҿԴӦ㣬ǰ岻ܹס
ʥҲɵղע⵽ʥߵϸڣԱôһҪ


82 ˵ı
Ϊʥߵ飬ûа취ס
ͨǸ֪һҡͨҲ޷֪˵ױʥߵҫհס֮дİжΪˡ
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ˮˮγɵ壬ûˮȴôˮȻôİնǳ档
׷ʲô飬Ϊλôˮ
ףһֿ
ˣҶһˮԼ
Ưˮ𣬼Ȼǻ֮ôˮ
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ʥ߶ɱ׵Ļô֮ˡ
ˮĳ֣ôҶ׶ϣ

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ν֮󣬿ұҪĺԺˣȻһʥ߸һһ治֪Ǻá鵽زҲһ
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һֱ׵жΣУֻû뵽סѾǿزҲû뵽߹Ĺȫ

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ʥȻƣΪ׿ɲǿԼȹѵġ
ֻҪһȥôܹΪһ


83 ĵڶ
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ΪԸ̫ϣϣĨɱƷ˭Ҳܡ

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ɢȥ֮󣬰ǼƯһ޴ˮʱ˶˻ϲĺ
ʥ߹ȻţûжȻͿʥߵһ
ʥɱʥߣʥȴûܵ˿˺֮װ
ʥߣֻǵõԶɵĴУԼҲǼΪġ
ʥ߻ûɹԺ׵ǰ;һ·̹ˡ
ǸףһϾǵڼɱһʥ߰
һຣʱѾȥΣ˶֪Ǳһȡ
ֻЩӵгԽ˸֪ʥߣԼղŸһ˲֪һ㡣

ˮڡ
ʱʥ߻ûеҲ֪ԼΣա
ڣڶԺʾл
λǰлľ֮Ÿ֪ңպ𡣡ǶԹˡ
˵˺ۣŰຣٻģô˵ຣҲһԱǱġ
ǺһຣʲôľԺ˵Σտɻûг׽ຣһ˵ţһˮ½ȥ
Σգһ㶣ʵʥųһЩɱңҲᱻ˸ס
ףȻ㴴ģֻԶɽִģԼҲһ飬ԲӦ벻еĹؼŶԡຣҡҡͷж΢ôһʧ
˵ຣΪһֱûԼĵλԼڵҪԡ
ǰ˼ǡຣôһ㣬׶ʱ뵽ʲôҧ̧ͷһԶ
Ȼȥ֮ʱ㿴˴˹ΧеŹ֡
ͬʱӦкüϢڶ϶ע
ʥԼʥŴػ󷨡
ףǱѣϣܹȥΨһȥϣԷΪ㲻ֵʥһȥຣ˵仰ģΪĹϵǸ׳һ²ߡ
Էίȫ𣿡૵˵һۣʼԼڵ
ڵʱΪΪ˽ǮΪΪ˰飬Ϊ˸ɶѡίȫ״ԽǰҲȺеһԱ
ʱԵķУҲֻܹȽܡ
ǣڲͬˡ
׵õµµԽһֱΪ֮УҪѡίȫԷ󹶻ĻôԸȥ
һˣױһຣ˵ǰΪ鲻Ϊȫǲס峼ġ
һ˵꣬ͻȻ֮ͷ·һеĽšʵȸʧˡ
׵ľҲһ̵õСȵ
ʱˣϵ齣֮ҲӷˣľͻơຣΪĴڣȻܵõ׳˱仯
Σյʱ򣬴󶼻˵ı֡
һ־ǱŵòУκεֿ׸
һ־澳ͻơ


84 ʥ֮
һ̣׵ľͻˡ
ͻƽľָ˴룬ܺҲУͬʱǿ˲١
һͿдˡ
澳ͻƣܲϣܹຣһ䣬ȻѺ۷Լϣ漴ʧ˿С
ຣԼĺСЩʥߡִѧʿѧʿ֮⣬ûһ뿪
ƿʥʥٿຣ뿪֮󣬶޲ѡ
һĹˣ϶ǽҪס
ν֪˻дɱΣҾͲŻܱĳһĹס
һǿԷģ׾ԺûκεĹġ
ʥһᵽףæԽһ䡣
Ǳߵʥߣһ޲Ҹطȥ
һҲ壬ֻе嶼ȽиԣеҲϲˣҲûа취
һȷʵˣȥһúһһʥ̾һȻŬȥ򿪴˹ķ󷨡

˹ڡ
ˮ֮Ҳ㡮顯һըϪˮɢ˵ϡ
ֵǣȻˮ棬ϾȻûմȾһˮ
ףղʥǱߴϢס岢ûзδɱڻһʥߴԼ㻻
׸һأӰ»صߣһס
Ѿ֪ˣû뵽ס徹ȻôңҪزɡ׵Ļشһ䡣
ȻѾ֪ˣô͸߰ɣһ棬ŸǿػסʥҲȥʱֻҪϵʥصʥǰæôסʥ߾ֻߡӰ׸ߡ
ղŻʥߵ飬ѾкܶնԴˣΪЩ˶ܵ˶ҡ
Һãֶҡ
һʥ߻ɱףΪĻôտ϶ῴȥġ
ǹİԼЩССңǿ϶ΪеģȻ󾡿
һʱĹ˱ض˥䡣
ԣӰ׽ߣȻڴΪ˰׺ʥ⡣
ֻҪɹȻͻ֮ǰʥ£ȥ˼һмǲ֪飬´һʼ޷׶Կʥ
׿һӰаḷ́ʱߣ޷ǾӿˣһȥĻͻǷһ飬ֱ֪顣
׶֪Ӱǲ֪һ㣬ҲӰ뿪
ӰǰҶлĺ⣬ʥߵʱҲʥͬҲ׾ܾӰĺ⡣
˵ȷʵ׵İȫϵӣһ⣬ײһӹţηסʥ
ԣҪ
ֻоʥ߼ҪҲɹôסȻʥˡ
׻ͲţסĸʥߺǻԼƴ
ף֪ղŲָе¹ɲǶ顣ӰײԸȥ뵽һ㡣
ӰȰ˵ҡҡͷȻ˵ҲԼЦֻҵİ취סʥߣ׿ɲɱɱġ
һ˵ְ꣬ȡ˳
Ҫд飿
Ӱ𿴵װóʱȵһ䡣
ֻܹҶȹѹأ˵дⱾҵľܻһʱ䣬Ȼʥ߰͹ˣҪǲ̫Բˡ
ЦһȻʼдԶʮڶһѽ
ԯʥ֮ɽ֮ͭһǳһɽľһũ֮һĺһͳ֮ߡ
ԯʥ֮ǰдǼѽͬΪһѱעɫʵĽ
׿ʼдѽʱһǿʼɨ׵˼롣
־Ȼط־ˡ
ڷ־ɨ֮£׷ԯļԽԽԯĽ״ҲԺ֮С
Ȼױ˲ûмԯֻ̬ǸӣԶɵԯ
Ϊԯøʵ׻ѻƵ۸ȵսд뵽֮С
һϷܿͳһ޴ս档
ʼŰŮĳ֣ٵȵȻ档
֮ĻܿγһʷʫӰ
һ˹סʥߣͶһɲõԤС
ǿ󣬾ȻԶ鶼ˣǸҪĳһ֪ʷҪдһʥ顣
ӿٶȣҪдʥǰɱƾʥػ˵ʥɵȫһҲɱס
ƴʥǴһڣƣ
סʥϾԺ󣬶ʱһʥƴźľĴۣһػ󷨱ĵطһڡ
һ֣ܿĸʥĸʥֱӳ˴Ĺڲ
ҵˣ׾
ʥߵǳǿᣬֻ΢һֻͷսԶס
ɽʥΪ׵ʱˡ
ɽʥȥΧĿռ䣬ʣµĽˡ
Ҫ˼ֱ࣬һɱס
ʥ׵ĲԶסʥҲпܾϣԵĻð
˸ʥڽ˲䣬ͷ˸ԵȻڵĵطȥ
ڴĹڲѹס󷨣ԾʥҲա
Ѳܣֻ̫շϣ˵ᱻʥץֱӰǴɱˡ
ϾȣѾһʥߣиʥ䣬˵岻Ҳܹˡ

ʲô壿壿
ÿֲƣǿûпңһ˲ȴ·оҪˡ
ȻĸʥĸʥǴĹȣ쵽ôˡ
ʥٶȳֺ󣬴İֱݺһ
ǧЩһӶһסʥߣɽȴһŸˣĿһʥߵ䡣
쿴ʥ߳ˣǸʥߡ
һʥ߳ˣǴࡣ
ǲ󽫾Ҳˡ
ÿһҶһ󽫾λõ˱ضʥʥĿֲڡ
һ߳ɾʥƻҪͨʥʥǿ


85 ʮ
ǴڿʼʥˣýЩ塢ʥ߶ɵ
ЩʥΪ׶ԣ벻һʮ꣬Ȼʥߴս治˼顣
ףˣأǸǲŪġ
ܿ죬ҵĻתϡ
Ϊ׾ܾҵıԴңֻܹɳʥ߶Կסʥˡ
ֶԿֻȥЩûж׷ʥߡ
һʥʥ׷˹Ǹȷеףʥǲܹȥ׵ֵģΪһҲ͵ΥʥЭ飬ܵЭķɡ
࣬ʥߣȥʥߣĿܲǿס󽫾ŭһ㳯Ǳ߳ȥ
ãѾʥطʥҲĺԺֻҪһʱ䣬Ǵ׼ɡͷȻóԼʥ飬ʼʥߡ
֣ټʥߵˣʥʥڵһʱͱǣס˴롣
ڴ˹ڵͨ˺ܶ࣬ʥսʱҪСģһС˵ͨˣͻܵɡ

˹⡣
ɽʥᡣ
ʥߵأסʥߺܿһ𣬰ɽֵʥߵĹлӽס
˴֮ӣΪҿ·
ɽʥҲһΧȻԼƶ
ͨһ׺ڴصİ£岻ƶٶȻӿ죬ؾȻɽʥһֱͨ׵ĵ·
·ͨޱȣЩ׸ʥмһ˻ȫͳͳƵߡ
һ׺ɽʥֻҪ̧ͷһܹԷ
֮ͨʥ󣬶ʱһˡ
ʵϣʥڿ󣬶֪ͨɵġ
ΧͨգԼЩǣȷʵ֪һ㡣
˵ʥѺ󣬺ܿвͼҪ嵽׵ǰǵȥס
ʥЭвԹͨ˵Ĺ涨߹İն֪
ڣʥ׻һסʥ߿ֵͨգɾͲһˡ
һִѧʿʥǶѡȥ
ǲ࣬ǵУѾһֵʥߵĴˡ
һʥߣǾƴҲܹס˵ʥߡ
ûΪʥǽ˭ҪʥߵϣԾʥߣܹһʥᣬǧѷĻᡣ
ٺ٣ЩͨİϧܹʥߵĻôҲͱмֵˡ
ֹˣʵûʥߵĹϵһʥᣬҲ޼۵ˡ
ʥѣܿ춼һ㣬Ǳڵĵطۡ
һʮٸǧ
ԽԽ࣬ûʹﵽ˿͹۵ǧˡ
ôΧסʥĹڴףʥֱչס
ڴ˹ڵĿռ䱻رǿ󣬾˵ʥҲһ㡣
Уʥûа취׵ġ
޴࣬ΪҾ͹𣬱ˡɽʥ忪ʼ׷ױ׺󣬶ʱһɢ˴
𣡡
ɽʥһȣڵĵܿͲ
䣡䣡
ţ׽ǿط㿪ʼ͹Ȼγһεӿʼ졣
һȻŲٵ壬׵Ҳ±¶ɽʥС
ͨǸʥҪŪȥ
һֹױקȥ
նӡ
һߵĵһӳǰƿӡ
ϧǣӷǳӲ·ǵõ˴֮ļӳ֣Ʋ
ȻƲôǾȥ
ĿռԣٿսˣֻҪȥͿˡ
ߣ
ͷԻǺģȻƲӣô׷ȥס
ңߵԱͺܸߣĸ߶ȵӣֻҪһͿȥ
ǣеٻ˷ޣеصԼĻ׵Ȼ˲˰ٱҲаʮ˿԰׽ǽġ
ߣһȺ֪࣬뵽һˡɽʥַʽףһס֡
ף
ɽʥźһʱʮ״Ӻڰ˳
ɽʥߵźţϸı
֮ʮ
ʮһ֣ʱһƣǰԼĹ֮׷ע뵽˴֮С
ܵЩӰ֮ЩոշɵУԼߵߣʱ͸оԼһص˵ϡ
ıˣɶ񣡡
ǿ˺üûá
ߡȻڵһʱ䱻˵ϣܿЩѧʿҵӦԵķ
Ȼһ˲䣬ȴͻȻǰһոǸ׺ԶɽʥȻ֪ʲôʱѾ׵ǰ
ԭɽʥҪֻǸոǸ˲Ϣ֮Ŀյʮ׵ǿ˹ε֮Ҳֻܹݵѡ
ɽʥǰʱʮѾָԭ
ףûܹȵ㣬ɽʥһ仰
Ļһ䣬ϾͳһѪɫì
Ѫҫ棬ɣף
ɽʥԼеʥ֮ԼԼѪ֮ͳͳע뵽˳ì֮УȻѳìϢף׼ǿԼ
׷˲䣬ʥЭķҲʼЧˣìĹʱͱ߳ɵ
ɼˣɽʥһԻɱκǿߵ
ԣںΣգǳΣգΪ׵黹ûдꡣ
Ѫìʥƴһ
ѪìҪܹӳٷְٵĹô㡢ҪҲˡ
ûзְصĸ֣ѲҪ𣿡
еһԼΪתռĻ
һ˲ʱʥбԼȫס
ǣʥȴûһԸȥйϵҲȫ
ʥ߱ϡ٣һ塢廹סô죬ҪǼףѲǼһ
ûסʥץסһ㣬ַǻʥߵôͲԶˡ
ǰﲻףֻܹԼˡ
ʥ̾һĿתϣҪǷܹɽʥĹ


86 δʥʥ
ɽʥѾ嵽ǰ۳Ѫì
ڣ׵״̬Ǵ·ӡ޴ɱܣΨ֮һսĵز
Ѿ·ˣܸ˰ѡ
ߣһ׸һĹϵҲǺܺãһ֮ǰһйʲôԼԺһŻຣȻڶεʥһ岻Ӳܡ
ĻҲ֤˺һ廹ûȥࡣ
ȷʵһףǸ˺Ȼûа취
塢ʥ߸Ӧû˻ʱףȫһ
һֱעף֪֮ǰĻʥ߰װԼŬźһİ
ûڰף塢ΪǱˡ
׵黹ûд꣬Ľ𣿡
ϧ
ʥһ̶ףǲԸȥʥϡ
Ȼ͵˶Ϊ׻ʱҲԼд˸塣
նףʥԯ
ʵͰ˸ӦնħʥԯϵġħǺܳ죬ĸͺˣװնħĳնס
͵׻˾ŵʱѪìҲ׵ü֮ϡ

˶Ϊ׵Դ֮ʱ˭ʱȴһ
ĵ뷨Ǻܿģ֮ǰʥߺʥߵж˺ܶණʵʱûС
ײûд뵽ʥ߶Уʥ߶ǿȥӦҹϢ
һ롢롭ʮ롣
ʮӹȥʥڸоĸط񲻶Ծ
ô£׵Ϣڣ
ûдˡ
쿴ϣ̫˽ɫʥ󡣡
ˣǿĽ⣬澹Ȼ̺źܶ
ʥ߸ܵû󣬾Ͷ׷۾
˫۵˲䣬ʱͷִĹѾϤǸˡ
ϵ̫˽ɫ̫̫Ա߻һ¡
̫֮⣬ǳЩǳԯϵǳһģһġ
ϵı仯仯Ѿе㲻ʶڵˡ
ǣϵı仯Ҫϵı仯Ҫ
ΪԯĽһ̻ɽľԹڵĳѾԶźʱĳ
֮⣬Ϊһũ֮˵ɽľлܹкֲܶ֯ȵȡ
Щֲ֯ȫ棬˵кܶ෽඼Ѿˣкܶ෽ûз
˵ֺܿʶеİ˲Ͱɱ׵ʱѹ˺棬ʼ׷óԼ鼮ȥ¼Щ֪ʶ
Щ֪ʶûжãʵֻҪЩ֪ʶȥۼƣôͨİ˵Ǿõġ
ҶһƷ磬˵ʳסҲԶһֶһǲܹռġ
ЩͨİաũˣҪʵеõȥʣһЩ֪ʶԵúҪˡ
Щ֮⣬ԯһ滹дĺһͳ֮ߣֶߵֳս
սͨսǴθ֡űսѵתԼʿȵȷ档
˵ҲԱһӰĿľǽ̻һõߡ
Ȼϵ󣬻ǵµ󣬶Ϊ˳ԯ
ģ˵˻ԯ
ԯ˿̾׵ǰסɽʥƴȫѪìǴеԯ
ֻԯõ״̬ĽҲ屶ϣ׾Ľ֮С
ڡ
̧ͷһǸɱԼѪìȻתͷʥ˵ʧˣʥߡ
ɽʥʱûгȥڳܷ֮ķɣֻҪڹƬ̾ͻ᳹
ʥ벻ڹؼʱ̣㾹Ȼдʥ顣ɽʥ˫г˲ʣͻȻеԼһεĻ̫ʧˡ
һҪл㣬ûѹҿ½Ҳдһʥ֮
һ˵ţһ̧Լ֡
ֵ̧˲䣬õԯͳڴĽ֮£Ϊԯ뵽׵ϡ
꣡
ùԯֱ֮һնѪìȻὣߵɽʥǰ
ʥߣ֪ܿҪɶҿɲɡ
׿ɽʥǾ޴ʥֲ뵽ɽʥڡ
Ҫ֪ɽʥһʥߣȻܵ˷ɣܿͻ᳹׵껹ڡ
ȻɽʥҲΪܵشֻҪʥתɿԵõٵĴ
ο귽֮ǿģֻǵõһСֵľҲŹ
ɣʥ֮꣡
ڲʥܵɽʥ󣬾Ͷؿһץק˳
ţ׾Ͱֱ뵽ˡۡУʼꡣ
þ֮״̬ҲҪҵǿǧֻϧڿٵҲܹṩɵ֮ˡ
֮׵õɵ֮Ҳ͵ھֱɡ
֮ǰɣ׿˵ڽս֮ڣֱӱһ롣
һҪĻûа궼Ѵﵽ
˵꣬ʵ˵ġ
ٿɽʥʱʧȥҲܿͳˣɽʥȻ뵽˴֮С
ʱ̷Ϊġ׶űصĳ̾һ
γ֪󲻸һɽʥһ̸ܵʥ⣬Ϊ˷ֹҲɣΪ˳
Ҳ˵ڶεĴɱ־ɺúõģʥȴȫʬΪ˳
ʥҲˣԺܶ˵Ŀⶼע⵽ߡ
Ǹʥˣȴ𡣡
ǵڶʥˣһʥûɱףһʥͬûɱס
˼飡ʥ߾Ȼɱһ֮
ֹɱ׻дһʥ顣
ȵȣΪʲҪ˵֣
סʥҲʥ鰡

һʱ֮䣬еն뵽˼˷֮УΪִһ漣
ļʥҲ㿴ҡҿ㣬Ȼ˵ҲŲٵ𺳡
֪ʥߵȡɣԳʥ߾û˵ˡ
δʥʥ
һ̣ʥ߶˼ֻҪ׼˳ĳɳȥôպ󽫻ɳʲôز


87 ʥ·
ûгΪʥߣѾɱʥߣȻʥԼҲ൱ϡ
ʥ߻һʥߡ
ңȵڶɱ׵ʥߣҲʥɽʥ֮дԯ֮а˳ɵ
ǱѪìʱĵˡ
ʣµ׿ɲװ˷ѵ
ȻôҲʱס屨ˡ
׿һϵԯ˼ɱ⡣
סӶĴɱ˭жԵĲˬ
ˣ
͵׸ոɱ˲䣬ϵԯͻȻһҲ·Ҫ׵Ŀһ㡣
֣ô£ԯ޷Լѡ
ԯȻųңѲϿڵ
ԯ춯˲뵽һ㡣
ס˵вԯԲųҵɱ⣬ųҵݣΪҲʥߣҲ߻߻ߡ׷֮ǰ뷨µĿܡ
ԯʥ֮ͬҲ֮ǻֻ֮ʥˣߴˡߴ˲ʸ
ЩûһйϵΪߵԼĵ·һǰδеĵ·
һ·Ǵͥظķƣһ·ʺϱ֮Ϊ֮
磬׵Ŀģʥ֮ŻҪѵļ
׿Ǵˣԯżֻ֮ҪӴͿԱ֤ԯѷߡ
һԯߵĻô뿪׵ĲдԯһƪҲ뿪ʱԶʮⱾҲòȫ
ȻⱾѾΪʥ飬ֻҪҪһƪ뿪ͻɿо磬ûĴڡ
ԯ˲ϲǿ󣬵Ҫ㻹ǸʵһɡװһӴ˾
Ӵ˾֮ԯĲԽԽСָ֮ǰ״̬
ҺøոճȡǸʥߵ꣬Ȼڵ״̬»ĿƲ󡣡ԯҲһ
Ǹסһسˡ
ȶסԯ󣬾͸Լӳһ磬ȻԯסǱߵʥ߳ȥ
Ĺƺԣжһ˲䣬ˡסʥ߶һ㡣
ףҪʥߡ
ϵǰѽǿǳɽľУڻ˿Ժʥ߿
ֻǶˣطԼ
ԼΣǲЩԴˣ
ʥ߼׾Ȼг֮⻹еǡ
ʥЭУʥߵϣôʥǿԻֵġ
ҪǶʥ֣߳ôʥ߾ǷɱҲܵʥЭķɡ
ʥӴȥȰһȰɡʱʥ߰Ȱ˵׵񽻸˱ʥ
ΪӦס
ʥҡҡͷûȰ˵׵Ĵ㡣
Ϊʲôʥɻʵ
ҪйеķŭסķŭѲҪķŭʥǿűʥģĵ˼Ƚ˽⡣
кǷŭŭҪйȻԼľӰ졣
йŭкַܶʽȥսʥߵĻҵ׻ᱻɱʥ߻ǲͬ׳֡
ɼͬҲûа취ȥ
ֻܹһһˣϣײᱻɱ
ֻˡ
ʥ̾һͰעе׵ϡ
ǿ׺òײųŹʥߵĻȴȥǰƴʵ̫ˡ
׵뷨Ͳͬˣʥԯǻʣ°˳ɣһ𷢳һлɱʥߡ
һǰᣬǰʥ߲ܵ¡
ʥ߲սֱߵĻô׵ĹҲûˡ
ˣʥߣ
һˣױڱҵ˹Ŀꡣ
ѡĿķʽܼ򵥣Ǿ̧ͷһЩʥߣһʥߵĿĿʱʥ߾ͱ׶Ŀꡣ
ʵϣϿεʱʦڻ⣬ȻͻǸĿԼϵѧش
õľ
ʥߣ׾԰ս㡣ҺĿ׶ʱͶǸʥ߱һѾǸʥߵϡ
ѡʥ߶ʱһ㶣Ȼаɶôҡ
ʥȻܵõԯҲ׼ԼʥߣҲѸʥ鼶ط󿹺⡣
ʥ˼һº󣬱һҧת˴
뿪ʱʥҲûпΪʥߵϣģǲϣĸʥ߶ϡ
һԯ֮޷ɱǸʥߣƽʥ׸ɱˡ
˵ʥߣҪɱһ֮Ҳһǳɵ顣
ˣʥߵû׼ʥߣҲһơ
û뵽ʥ߾Ȼ˲棬ԼսĿںź󣬾ȻֱӾˡ
ֹ׺ܴ㵣սĴգҲһʹĲ۾ҪȷϸղŲԼۻˡ
ˣʥ߾Ȼ׸ˣ
ƭ˵İɣǸʥǲǱʥ߸ˣ
ûסʥ߻ΨǸ׶ϵʥˡ
һ֮Ȼһʥ߸ˣҲ̫˼ˡ
ô㣬ϻ֮֮ʥ鼶ģԼסʥߣҲȥ׵һ
һʥһʥ䣬һʥߣԽԽˡ
飬Լʷˡ
ǰ֮һ᲻ͣһսۡ
ȷʥִ֮ܺǰʧ䡢𾪣˼ĵز
ʥһֱǸ߸ϵģһʥ߾ͿԳһţһʥ߾Ϳһ˵ʥÿһ˵롣
ǣܹΪʥߵȴڲһ˿ֲıÿһжʥ߶˾η
ƾŰܹ֮İһʥܣЩͨе˽Ժ
һ󲿷ֵ׵ż񣬾ѧϰ׿ʼдĲϣȻд顣
Ҳһ־ϰԺһƬ졣
֮ս۹ȥ֮һŬѧϰȻսʥߵķƣܿϯ߹
ʥߣܵþǿ졣
Ƭ̣׼ʥߵӰѾʧְĿתʣµǼʥߡ
ʥ߶ڶףԺܿеڶʥߵ˫ۣ׵˫Ŀԡ


88 ׼̳
ˡ
ѡ˵ڶĿ׾Сתһ·Ǹʥ߳ȥ
һΣûжǸʥߺֱӳȥֱӹ
ղΪĺǸʥֱߣȻ˵һСĳɾͣȴĿ޷ﵽ
׸ɴֱӹٶ˵
ѡеǸʥߣΪ֪ȽǿĹϵڵһʱаҰɣ
һˣոĿԣȻת˳·ߣĿ϶ˡʥȻвʣȴò׾ѡ
̫ǿˣȻɱңǽҲضشʱһٱ߹˵Ļ
ʥһڵȻҲͰ̾һ뿪˴Ĺ
ʥ޷ʥµ˷ʥµ˶ʥ߷ûġ
һʥ߱شȻڳִѧʿôʥ߻ıȺŹ
ʥ߲ԸӲƴҪԭ
ˣǰɣ
׼ԼĵڶĿҲˣܿͰĿתһʥҲγһʥϡ
ν˹סһа˸ĸĸɽʥѾߣʥ߾ֻʣһˡ
һʥߣҲ׽϶ҪԼ΢ԥһС£Ҳ뿪
һܣȻҲɵű׹
ף󣬲ȴֻϡ
뿪֮ǰһơһٻĻȻȫ峷ˡ
ߣʥ߶ɱңǾʥ߷ҲκβҡҲһ
ʲôܹƣ˵Ҳ˰
˵仰ʱ塢ʥ߶Ѿˡ
һֻεĻ˻ԯȻѽ󽥽š
ʱͻȻһײʶĺִѧʿǰ
ף⻹ʮףʺйŭ𡣡
ִѧʿһ˵꣬Ͷһơ
ಣ
һƿƺᣬʵȴ̺һɼķ֮
ɷ֮ļӳ֮£˲ͱ˳˴˹ĵط
ÿһȺվһ̳ǰ
Ⱥйס
ղ巢ʮȺһͬġ
̳̳
кܶҪ̳
ǰŪ̳Ϊ˹ͨڲĳһ̳ȻһֱӻشĿռͨ
һǾͿֱӴص֮С
Ȼһǳʱ򣬾Ѿĺִѧʿˡ
ĹʮǽʮԺִѧʿҲ׳֡
ãͬʱҲҪйŭǸִѧʿͰ˹ϣֻ֮ԸȺ塣
ĺִѧʿǺƣҲãʣԯװ˷ѵ
׿ȺĪ¶һ˿Цݡ
ͬʱеԯҲ߸߾

̳ǰյ˵ָʼȫͨڵļ̳
ѾǵĴڣͿʼţ޷˳򿪿ռͨ
ֱױ͹ʱҲŸոտռͨѡ
ˣסһ׸Ҫռͨͷ׵ĵ
ȻҲףֻܵʥĴѶ֪ˡ
һѺǿĽǰѼʥǲǶ֣Ͽ뿪
ס֪һæ˿ռ֮ͨС
ڵףʥ߶ҪâģοЩ׺
һ֮Уһʥߣ˵ѾǳԿˣǿɲڳˡ
Ȼĳ뷨Ǻõģ׻ô뿪
𰸣Ȼǲᡣ
ԷҪߣеԯһն
ʥԯ
һȣԯʱҫ۵Ľâ
ʱȥĻᷢâ֮д
ˡޡǳҲвľЩͺƸղʥӰһ㡣
ˣͷһǿĽ
쳷ҪӲƴ
ߣ
׹֮󣬶ȿֺĽ뵽˿ռͨ档
Ҫ򿪿ռͨǺѵģʮ֮ʮ֮Ҳֻܹǿһܹһͨ˴СĿռͨ
ԣЩ׳ʱûа취һ뿪ġ
ˣ׵ĽϮʱסŸûнС
Ӳˣȫ
վǰţˣǻչ˺ǵĲ䡣
ͷ׶ʱûнͨľŸǵȫԼ
ǾŸȻķҲ֪Լû׵ϣôǵ³Ҳòˡ
ҪǣǵĲҲܵǣֻܹƴȥֿԯʥ
֮֮ӡ
Ǹܵ˽ǿʼһ𣬽ǵֲ뵽˵صףʼٻ֮ӡ
֮һߡߵĴڣֵʲˡ
֮ǿϾŸٻĴ֮ӣҲǹ׼ѡ
ƾŴ֮޷ȫסǱҪʲô
׼ȷʵƴжһ
Ҳ֪ǿЩ޷סܹشʥߵĹ
ǣһͬſڶſ˳ɵľѪȵѪΪԶ顣
ԶӢĴڣǶǰΪǿɢɴڵǿߡ
ԶӢ飬ҲԶ飬ҲԶ顣
ЩƽʱѵһȥٻĻǿ԰ٻġ
ٻԶӢ鿿Ĵ£ٻԶ鿼ȴѪ
ʹþѪٻԶ飬ǶԹ׵˵һǳĸ
˳ɵľѪһ뵽״̬ˡ
Ϊ˻Ҳֻˡ
ף
׵ľѪٻ£һƳĹԶʱݿ
ԶҲڳ˴֮ӵ
Զ֣ҪָӣԳߡ
ãߣ
ٻϺ󣬱ͷҲصĳ˿ռͨ
һ̳ΧֻʣǾŸˡ
ǲ뿪ģһǾ֮ӹԶ֮Ӿͻɢʱ׵Ľֱӽռͨ׷ס
ҿռͨһͷأһԯĽУɸ˺
Ҳûа취رտռͨΪռͨһγɣֻܹȴԶ޸


89 ʥ֮
޸Ŀռʱһ㲻̫
򿪵ĿռͨҲǰӱԻָټ֮ǰȥһСֻҪӵʱ䣬ռͨͻйرա
Ҫ飬ȡýͨͺãȻǾǱͽɱҲˡ
һҪסǵܹռͨ
һͨʥض
ΪǵĲ䣬ѾѪ֮Ӱɡ
ֻˡ
ԯĽѾˣȺǺΰϢĽе㴭
ǣһ̣ѾѪ֮ӣԴӴ֮ӵ
ۣۣ
ǵľѪ֮ӵ˲ǵ˰ߣΪ˾޴Ĵ֮ӡ
ǣ˵֮Ӻǿʥԯǿ
֮ǰʱ֮ӽ˲ӣֻ顯һ֮ӱ˲ķѣ»Ϊû뵽˵ص֮С
ۣۣ
֮ӱ󣬼һѪȻ˫ۣ뵽֮С
֮ӱԯĽûͣԶȥ
Զǿǽ׵İ˳ɾѪԼǿǴﵽһĵز
ԣԯĽԶǰʱִһס֣漴ֱӻûΪһ޴ƣĽڿռͨǰ
һ롢롭롣
ȥУصƲųһ˿ѺۣȻſٷֱ߽⣬ԯĽ÷顣
ʱͨصĿռͨûϣԽƷֱ֮Ӷ뵽˿ռͨ档
ǳɹȥˣƶǱҲɲ˶ٵ˺ˡ
ڽʧ󣬱εҡҡͷ
Ϊߣĸ֪Ǹûʣ¶
֮ǰΪ˱ףɵɱ֮ҲͬɵԶķƣȴһĳɵ
Ҳ˵ռͨĽҲɵ֮ˡ
ʵҲֲܿͨĶأ֪Ĺ׾ʮ
Ȼ˰˳ɵľѪʣµĹףӦɵĽˡ
һ϶첻κ˺ֻױµѾȫ˶ѡ
ҪٶӵҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬲¶ʱûоȥдʥˡ
̾һϵԯ㻯Ϊ⣬ʧ֮䡣
ղŵһ֮Ѿľˡ
ڵľǱԽ˿ռͨɽҲѾˡ
ԣԯŻʧ
ԯʧ֮ײûֱ뿪ǾŸʬȥ
⼸ŸոǵڱضƬֻҪھȥյĻܹõһЩ֮
һˣ׾Ͱʥٻע뵽ЩڣʼȡǵƬ
ó꣬װʥע뵽ǵк󣬾ͷЩոȥЩ궼״̬ûн뵽Ƭ״̬
ΨһܿϧǾЩڸϿϵǺܴһҲܹṩɵ֮
ҺЩһоŸǼĻҲܹΪṩĳɰ֮
ôһ㣬״սǺֵġ
ڳȡĹ֮У׻˳ݻˣԴαװΪ˷йеķŭԲŻ
ĻͲñ˻ʥˣȥһ鷳Ŀܡ
˴ʱ˿̣׽ѾӵɱʥߡŸ
ʵϣⶼʵΪ
绹Ҫ͵һЩ˿ʥĶߡ
ܲջֻҪЩ֮յĻôҵľٸЩʥҲûκεˡ
һ¾õǷҲʱ˺ܶࡣ
Щ֮󣬾Ͳڶ;ˣʱҲԿʼˡ
˵ԯ֮ԯַ֮ʱ׾ֵõһʥ֮
ʥ֮Ľ⣬һ־ƿе齣֮Ϊϵ֮
ʥ֮һǧ
仰ĺܹ㷺Ҳ˵ʥ֮ǿ
Լʥ֮ʹʱĵ⣬ҪȽʥ֮ߴʥ֮ǿϺܶࡣ
ʥ֮ʥʥ׾ǵһͨľ˶û⡣
齣֮ǹΪǿĻ֮һҪǵʥĻһĽʿСӡ
һʥ֮Ѿʥ֮ˣҲ͵һǧȻдõ졣
׽ʥ֮ٻ󣬱ǰԶһʯһ㡣
ಣ
һƿ֮ʥ֮ܿΧʯͷתʮȦ
ţһСһŵ׾ͱ˳
ʥ֮Լĵ񣬹ҲײŻá
Զ۲׵ʥߡִѧʿѧʿȶĲѡ
ǿʥ֮ʥ׶ʹõԵЩ˾Ͳ˵ʲôˣ׾Ȼ̡
ܷһ谭ĶûУʥ֮ĳĻٿԯ·ӳٷ֮һĵҸ࣬ӳʮ֮һҲǲܡ
ɱʥ֮֮ʲô֮˵նԹΪ
׶ԡԶʮΪеľǹ
˷ϣˡ龭͡Ͷ򴫡ǷȱľǿĹˡ
ںˣԶʮڳΪʥ飬Ȼʥ֮пɲ̫ߵΣֻҪӳԯʮ֮һ;ԿԿסڡ
գգգ
׸ոʵʥ֮ʱͻȻһ뵽׶С
һ׵ʿǰ
Ⱥʿ֮󣬶˵ͰΧסҺܿһǰ
ǿĶ飬ͨʿȻڼĴڣͷľȻһ
ǵһο飬ҪǸĶ黹ǿǿϲ١
ӵʿڼ׺ҲףСΣȻһȺʥĴڡ
뵽ǸӾְĿת˲Զʬ塣
Щʬ徭׵ƻѾķѵĲӣҴӱЩʬҲȫޣƱʬһ㡣
ǹ̵ģȻҲҿս׻ֻһʮĺӣȴԣǲ˼顣
ӵʿʬжĪ˼η


90 
ӵʿ֮ǰ˵׵֣ʱΪײǸӶѣ֪ʶɵõɴУŴ
ǣֱԼ棬֪ɲͨĺӣһĺԵ˷ǳ̵ĺӡ
и̾󣬱ǰϥһǣͬʱ˵ʥߣ´ǰͳ²䣬ڷҴС
ԭȺʿǴĽǵĿľǽ׽
ױʥߣڸʥսԵõͳӦġ
Ϊڵۣǰͳ֮ϡ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿͳסʥ䣬ҲʾԵľ⡣
ڵô
ײûֱӽǶǰͳ˾仰
ûƽССҲׯƽӰı£Ѿ뵽֮У׼μ硣²佫ٻ㱨ס
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̫Ѿɽˣϣս͵Ϊֹˡ
ڴҸۡʱ̫һСǣдԯʱͬԵֳ̫ա
̫Ҳڳȥˣȡ֮¡
׿һ۸߹ϵ£ȻȺ͵˴֮ڡ
һΣ·Ҳûһס׽дɱǶѾ˴Ĺȡ
Ͼ֮󣬴϶㾡ȫȥѲ壬ҾԻִѧʿ
ںִѧʿ£סֻҪʥߣһЩֶΣҲԶΡ

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ڸովסĴɱ֮ղûжţΪûס嶼һʥߣղûнšƣ෴ȴЩ˷ܺͼ
Щýߣ齣֮ǶΪ˵ġ
ὣʥߣκһý˵齣֮˵һǳҫ顣
쿴ǰͳ죬棬ľס
ʥߡʥߡʥ֮ԺҪǼףóƺһƺźã
Ҿûǳ֮ΪãѧȺ󣬴ΪʦҪܹõָͺˡ
𣬲½վҪȥĺԺѧϰˣҲ֪Ժһᵹùȥ
ΪһԺȴ˸ҽ̵Ĵڡ
ǰ·ϣ˶ϳԷ׷׶п
ٵѧʿ״ָ̣֡Ƕ²סˡ
˵ʵ²䲻ǣҲԲֵģΪ鷨Ǳʵļӳ֣ǿ鷨һĵز
㾭Ͷ򴫡ĳϰֶҲд΢ƯһЩ鷨һһСεľ롣
Ϊˣ׿ɲ붪ˣΪ˲ǰ¶Լ鷨ǲκ˴ֵġ
һ·֮Ĵ֮£ڲ
ʥߣѾˡ
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ܲĹȥǴȫͬ³󣬺ĵĸ
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׸һ˵꣬һ뵽ĶС
˳ķתͷȥʱÿһɫװŮŮͬ£һ
лǴŮǰ֮󣬱һѧǡ
ȻƺΪѧǣ׿Կ϶һѧߡ
Ϊ׳֮⣬鼮ûп
˵龭СֵӡǵǶѣοԶĴ
Ůܹȥ磬ǹǿĳҵСˣȻܹҸ³͹а˳ɵĿܾǹ˵ǵһοŮӣܿͲµݡ
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ѾˣֻǴһͨգ˼߹壬ֻܹԳƽ
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һʧȥǷ緶ôʥҲᱻ
ضƽ֮شĺԺѧɻع֮ʱضࡣŮԼݣĶ׵һ
˵ʵڿɲҳһ񣬼ȷʵõˣһ˵ȥ֪ж鷳
УǲĻ缴ɡŮ׵ҲԱţ׵˭
һ˵꣬׵Ժо͸ڸոյʱĺԺһݴĲϡ
磬߹ͬʱҲһʼΪڵʮд飬ʶԣҪȴԽǰǿǧٱ
˹Ľܺжʱһ˳ƯֺãӭңòǸҪĹɡ
˵¶ˡ
һߣԼ˵׾ͳĬв˵֪һڻԼĿġ
Ϊ˲׶Լƫæ˵֪ով˺ܴĽѣѾں磬һΪ˰ѹѹһΪǸʵҲû뵽ס˵Ĳ񡣡
Ǿͷ·ˡ
֪ģҲżº飬ֻܹ·ˡ
㣬Ĵ£дԽ˺üͥԺһǻΰĹԶĽ̸֮
ͣ˽Ųתͷ˵ǰĹˣǰμˣȫλǲǴسǴĶš
Ҷ˭μ粢ģҲûиκһ뷨һҪִҺţ빫æӦˡ
Ȼ˵һ仰ȴ˼
һԼЩҺţڶԼҲҪʲô뷨
Ҳûһʼ͵õ׵ĺøУ׵Ļ֮Ȼеʧ䣬ЦĴӦ׵
ţ棬Ȼ˹Ĵţһ𲢼˽ȥ
ԭΪۼ˺ܶˣԳǷǳֵģ׽˲䣬˶ʱͣͷϵĽ̸תעŵ׵ϡ
ͻȻҲùڵ˲ر𰲾
Ҫ֪һβμӾۻǸߴһٶˣЩһͬĿҲһƣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ɹİӣŻһ


91 
磡
ڹ˳ȥһ۾Ϳƪװ¡
Ŀǰԣʥߵ֮ѾҲû˸ҷºˣôûʲôס
ϵ׺ȻҲܼûбֳ¸Ĳͬ
һܵĽҪϸ̫ˡ
һ㣬ǾȻҲף˵һ䲻ģˣҲȥΪмˣһĸס
ڸֻ֮ʣһˡ
µĸףҲڱߵʱ£治֪ûףεĻȥ
ˣڱ뵽һֱȴ׵ĵ
ȻѾӱ˿˵ʥ߻ʱ򣬲û̫ܵ˺ʥ߰װô˵Ҳʥߡ
ʱ»ҵǧʱʥ߶˵ңɼֻܹĴڡ
׾ȻҪʥߵĹôܹġ
֮ǰսʱǱѩס޷뿪װȻ󣬱ֱӴλϳ嵽ǰ
ƭң˵ʲôҵģ֮ûУûС
ǰ֮󣬲߶ʮһͿʼſ׻УָƭԼ

µʣ׻Ĳ֪λشֻ֧֧ġ
С㣬ﻹкܶˣл˵ȥķɡ
ʧ̬󣬸æ˸¸װһ䣬Ȼ뿪˴
鵹û뿪֪ԼµĲ֮ͬҲ֪´ʱ뵥״Ƭ̣ȻҲȥȴ
һߣڶʱը˹
Ǿʥ𣬹Ȼᡣ
ǰ֮ǰʥ߹ʱʥߵ̫ûϸòһĻȷʵһ˲š
Բӣһ˲ŵǰкܶ࣬м
ȺĴٹߺ󣬶ֻǶ׵û˵¸ղŵ顣
֮ǰıȻеʧ̬Щ˶ǵõ鱨ˣǶ֪ѵʱ°Ȼһֱ߹ġ
Ե׾ֱֺ֮
ûֱ֣ǲŻñ˸оء
Ź˰Сʱң׺²»ص˴֮ϡ
Զ׵Ϊʾ˼һʱҲһ
ֹҲͬˡ
Ůı֣Ҳֻε̾ȻȴĿʼ

ϯҲˡ
ϢߣȻߣ˲䣬оͳ˾ȡ
Ϊһ־ʹž޴־ǹ־ɱ¾Ȼսûκεһ֪
˼飬һ߾ȻܹΪֶξǳܹȵġ׿óѧʵҲңûдﵽһ𣬿ǸΣյıǩ
о仰˵ĺãҡ
֮λĲι֮ߺıԡ
ӡ֮ҲԾǲߵĸֶΡ
ȻܹӴĻӡӱΪ߻ʵ۵Ĵڣ˼ܡԸ֮
ĻʵֻҪǲбʵĻôڹ˵һ飬ȴҲܹΪ㲻֪᲻
Ĵڣ׵һۿ֮ʱ֪Բһ࣬ױܵľͲԸӴ
ϧǣ׿Ǻܿõģ޲ðԼŮףԴ׳Ϊˡ
Ҳض񣬽ⳡǿɲңʥסλϺǶԴһһְѻת׵ϡ
ʥΪ崴ұֿԶһ˵һ󹦣Ǿʥһ
һ˵꣬һվȻŴҸ׾һơ
ľٶ¶˻ĵЦ⣬Ϊĺ֮һ
˵һͬʱҲǻ۵ĹߣǻҪپһ
һƺ֮󣬺ܿеڶ
Щ˵ľƣҲòǵӣֻкȥ
ҵʥ֮Ȼôҵľ¶ǣҪ鷳ˡײóȾơ
һڵϵʱϲȾơ
׵ǰȽϺȾƣԣټʥ֮Ҳһƶ˵ûʲô
ǣƿǼ
Ȼˣ
Ǿʥƾһ֮סʥ䡣
ıʥֳɹдһʥ飬ٻԶŴڵʥ֮
屭ʥƾһ֮סʥߡ

㣬ǰ׾Ƶˣ˵ϲõɣȻûһظġ
Ҳûа취ֻܾܹһİЩȫ
磬˵ʵڵ϶ûо
֪˶ãҲ֪˶ٱѾʶģ֪Լʲô
״̬ǷǳΣյģƽյĻǾԲԼɽ챻ӶĴɱҲϣԼһ£һѹ
ڳ֮⣬ꡢҲˣһЩҲˡ
û
װǴס˿ӣΪ˲㣬ҾѺ͸㵱̣㿴Σ
׺˲䣬¶˺β͡
һ˵꣬ĺԺĴѧʿֺæվ˳˵ʱǲ̫׵ɡ
ĺԺĸԺʥ߲μֺȴܹμһ⣬ɵÿףֹʱյ
ѧʿҿɲ׸ҴϹϵֻǶԽеζѣҾڿʼͰѺ͸׵С檣ײԸĻ㵱ŮҲԡ
ۼʥ䣬ʥߵΣĿϴᡣ
Ҫ֪һ뿪֪һʲôʱŻᰲһ磬Լһľơ
ǡ
ѧʿԻѣɣЩҪ
ֺѧʿ˵ЩʲôĻֱӾͱˡ
УҪѵĻض²Ƥʵǹ
ֻϧ̫Ժˣڡ


92 С
ƵǶǲѵģѵĻҲᱻˡ
Ƶ״̬£Ͳ֪ʲô⣬ֻԺʲôӦӦ
׵ǱʶΪ⣬Ҳľͻش𵽣ҴӦ㣬ʲôӦ㡣
Ժ˵ôһ䡣
һ˵꣬ʱЦãǾôˡ
ֿ˻ֺѧʿȫһѿ֪׸֪Լ˵ʲôɼȻѾˣҲûа취ˡ
Ҫǲڣǿðŵķգȥǿа״ߣֻ̾׵ùˡ
ˣεĽѵ´ιƾͻ᳤ˡֺаһ䣬ԹԵĺ
ͬʱ¡ҲһݣǺγ֪׾ԲڴӦҲûа취ȥ
Ҫ֪ĺԺĴѧʿûа취Ǿ㿪Ρ
ûа취ȥֻðϣԹ磬ʱô˵ˡ
һԹ˵ʲôӦ㣬¶ֻҪ㲻ͺãͺá
磬ԭΪ
仰¶ʱ׸ղ˵ʲôˣ֮ǰԹίҲ˲䶼ˡ
˶ԭ·ϣôҾͲƽˡε̾һȻʹһɫԼһˡ
ֽ챻ס幥Ѿƣޱȣиˡ
иˡ
¸һͬˣȻĿѾﵽˡ
ãȻѾˣôȻһȥϢɡ˵Ͷһ֣׵ߡ
ºɫȻѿޱȣһԵ񣬵Ҳֻܹʱţպ˼Բߡ
ܼһܼڸеλߵңֻҪסĻûκϣʹƽеŭȻ뿪˴
ҲǱƽķӿѾʼƸôԸˡ
磬ȻŮ̬֪ȴûһ㲻˼Ƿǳ̹Ȼ߸ǵͬʱ׼ķ
˶˵Ůһ̨ϷŮѾ룬ⳡϷҲҪʼˡ

ڶ죬硣
ѹ֮󣬻û۾͸е˿ڸ
۾Χ󣬱㿪ʼ顣
Ǻǣ벻ҾȻˣҺǷǳܡ
һ֮ԲϲȾƣΪƺǳܣżʱ䡣
ҺϵȽ棬Ҳȵϲһ׵ܼ죬ʱָ
һС׻ûг𴲣ǰ̧һ㣬ͷ˵¶ҵˮ
ʱ׵һ뵽ľ£ȷԼκһ°ͻģղ֪бˡ
ˮ𣿡
Ȼ׸꣬µͳˡ
ţҸо

׸˵Լоܣ˭֪ʱͻȻһľǰȻһˮֱ׵ϡ
ȿȣ
µĹȻֵҲý˲ˮ
ˮ˳¶Ӻʵ¶ʲô
ʲôôʲôˣ˫ֲŭĿס
˵ʵ׵ľƺʱ׵ԹѾˣֻһһС檣ºоĲС
ɶǣڻ֪ԼһС檡
ʲôûµ˼˼ֻص
ϧױַƣòᣬǲʲô顣
ȵȣòǡ
ͻȻ֮䣬뵽һƺձ飬Ȼ뵽ڵģжʱ׹Ԩ
ɣҡҡͷȻĶʵ¶ѲҰǸˣ
ţ
ûεĻҲǱʵһ㶡
һ㶣ˡ
ɶô飬ǺáһݣڿһˣǴˣûá
һ鲻׻ѣͬҲ
ҲܵӰ죬ѩԺЩˡ
Ȼ˵Ҫһ㣬ǾȫûʶͬʱҲû׼
¶ûʲôý͵ˣһԷģǾԲ㲻ܵġ̾һȻסµ֡
ִ̼ܵڵһʪˡ
㵽˵ʲôʲôܣɻĿף˺һ¶һȻ顣
ţµɫ˲ͨ죬漴һӶʨ
㵽ϹЩʲôôܸ飬˵ͿӦôΪС檵顣
֮£ֱӰ˵˳
˺һ˽ľ󣬲ųһε˵ԭ
㻹ҿá֪ΪΣ˵仰ʱȻֱ׳ȴʧ䡣
֪ˣ֪ˣ
׵ͷȻ˦˦ϵˮ˵·ɣòϣȥɡ
ߣ
²ܾ׵Ҫ󣬸οôһҲˡ
֮׻·ҲԼľһЩȻ˴׼͵С֮ͤС
ڻûеСͤʱԶͿӰѾȺԼ
ӰһȻ飬һСˡ
Ȼҵ뷨ܲ˲䣬жһ˿С
ʱ¸ǲУװĿŵʱ̲ס˵磬Ưɣ˵ƢҲܺãܸ飬ԼҲ飬㵹ĺܰء
µĻȻǺûԵɱ⣬Ǹ˾
ϹˣֻڿǸδϾϵ̫ˣ칬ԺҲٲˣôһˣǶңǶ칬˵ܲ㡣
Сİ뷨£û
ϾǴﶼȫĻôҲûбҪˡ
磬Ǹ칬Σͻ룬칬Դ˰糹׵Ŀס
칬ҪдֵģֻҪǩֻܹ׵ķԸˡ
ʱС檵ݾԵÿпޡ
Уǲܹȷ뷨룬ʱֻɱҪ˱ضĻɣպ˵ɡ
ҡҡͷڸû֪칬Ĵ㡣


94 ͤ
칬ȻѾ߲Ŀǰֻñ֪ĳԱݣŻᱻЩ߲֪
칬ĺģҲס¡ˣڻصĺ
ףڿʥߣϲ˰칬ˣ칬ĺԼʼˡ
¡ҲͲض˵ҪһͺܴһǳңÿնҪĶǵĹô¶ǳ⡣
ײŻеͷۡ
ǸС檵ݣ׿ɵֻϧ׾Ҳ޵
߱ĸϻԸŮ˸ţ׿Կ϶ֻҪԼ˵һĻҪСԼ᲻⡣
磬ŮĻĺܣͬС檺ȻҸĲԸǶǰƺ󹧣һıֵһŮһ㡣°Ŀ˵˳
ǿ׵С檣Ȼһ۲ˣΪһ磬Ȼ˳ܣΪµΪκġίı顣
ԵΪһ
Ͼ칬֮飬Ҳ֪ġ
СľˣȵĺԺһߣѧϰ֮
ʱ뷨
ȻûȥĺԺҲʶֻ֪ҪԼڵĻЩض
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ֻˡ
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ͤС
翴׺󣬸æվװڷź꣬Ȼֱվߡ
ʵЩԭŮΪ߲ԸˣЩһֱҪôԼҪô
ץסյæ䵱ɫ
㡭
¼ż֣жʱһŭ𣬴㿪˵䡣
ҪڣױְϣҪԡ
ҼǵýǺһҪμɣ״µĻ֮󣬱˻⡣
һȥᣬǸķǴĲȸ㸸սѣ˵˵Ľ鲻ҪǾܾĻǻӰԼ֪Ķס
ȸƺŻĺ˼һ˱Ϊȸǲе̫
ǸķʱһЦ
ȸɲǴˣһŮѧʿ˵꣬Ϸ˾仰Ѳȸ˵˳
ΪĹȻˡ
ŮģжʱһһõԤС
ȸ߹Ϯһǵĺ֮λ̳߱ŮԣǵĴһ߲ʿȸҾ˵пܻʥλԲܲȸ˵ʵΣƾֻޣ㲻Сӡ
ڵĲȸһ𲢼սʱǲȸĳŮ˵ʱø׸ϧȻͬˣΪ˵ȸ̳˺λ֮ʱֹһء
ѲȸϢһһθˣ֮׾رڽ뵽Ĺȡ
ǰǸףǴ֮ŮǴĲȸûûˡ
ĸеͷۣоԼǰĸ׾һ
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˵꣬ȴҡҡͷ
ȸǷǳǳģĻ㻹СһΪҽ㲻ҪºȥΪΪ㣬ܻΪº顣˵󣬾ȻȰ˵ײŮȥ
һ˵꣬׵ɫʱͱЩѿˡ
͵״ʱȴ˵ףȸȷʵǳǳȻҲ֪Ϊ㸸״ֹǣȴŹβȸһЩС飬ɹֲԶ׷ɱ顣
Ĵ۹û˻ȥ׷ɱ飬ΪӰǸҵӶһЩɵ档
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ʥֵ߲ʱס𡢺ִѧʿǿսԲȸҲӵ׷ɱ
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еŭҲƽϢ
֮ǰΪǿⲻºȥĽͣȻˡ
˼ǣ׻ǲ˼˵ȥԱѯһ䡣
ȸһѧʿޣԾʥ߳Ҳɱ㣬ܰȫʥһƴǲܵġһ˵һ߿
ɣҸ¶Ͳȥˣڴ̫ʱ䣬ûбҪȸ񡣡ȻҲԸѡõġ
ҲãȻǲȥôͳûһϴθǵǱɡ׵ͷȻ޵ָˡƵ
챻ɱʱѾƵֳº顣
һ顯ʱҲһ
ʲô飿տһ䣬뵽һ顣
»İǱʱˣΪʱ׵İȫڱôһᣬʱ׶Ǳǳ⡣
һ֪һд˺飬ȻΪԼҪʱ򣬽ⱾǰصĽǡ
ˣ֮ǰдǸлһῴġ뵽֮󣬻˼룬ѡƵ˵˹¡
Ĺһ򲻴ϧûгɾ飬ҿڸһЩµķӳҲѡƵ˵һͨ鼮
һҪһ¹µ֣ûк˼ڡ
˺һҲڽٳ緹
ҲˣȥҰѩһѧɣҪһҵĽȥѧϰ
Ϊд˲ٽһָΪҪ
ԶʮеԺһúЩԺôԽܵвΡ
úЩһ˿϶޷ȫƵģʱѩͳΪ뵽ĵһˡ
ŵùѩ°ѩ֪Щԡ
磬ҲҪѧϰѡԶʮһݿɺã
ףҶԽҲϲȸҲһݡԶʮɡ
׸飬ºͿʼҪֳ


95 ǧ
׻ÿһд飬д鼮ʱ򣬶һʱֳº飬ⱾԶʮҲиǡ
ֻһдôĽͬʱҪֿʥߵĻֱüƹˣ˵ڻûа⼸дĽº顣
ãã͸д
ŮҪҲϻֱǰ֮ǰֳóȻͤǱ΢߼һīѺļѽд˽ȥ
һЩ꣬Զʮԭʱһ𶯣֮âԭзɵ׵ϡ
׽ӹâǷֱ뵽ºֳУܵӰ죬鼮ķϷܿͳʮѽӰ
ЩӰдȻʮѣΪɽĪаһ׵ԵʣʵλҲͲŵڶѡ
һѾ뷨ûȥдֻܹʱˡ
ǿĽ⣬ʥֳֳͨȻܴ󡣡ùֳ󣬱̾һ䡣
ʵҲһʥֳһȻǡͶ򴫡ǡͶ򴫡һʥ飬ͬʱ걾Ҳ̫ˣϢȻǿϿ϶Ȿȫдǿ
磬һƺܿͻᴫ߹ʱϢ齣֮¶Ȿˡһ˵ţһ߸鼮Ľ⡣
ⱾҲ㷺ΪһЩǲҪбȽϺãȻҵĻĽṹӰ졣˼һ£˵е뷨
Զʮп֮֮֮̿ʥ֮ȵȵ
ЩɲʺϹ㷺ǵ֮֮һѽȥ֪᲻õһЩϿɵˣȻ뵽֮С
ЩԭˣЩȷʵܹȥٰ׸ոдݿ󣬾׵˼
ˣȥҰѩɡ
ţ
׵Ů΢һ󣬾ͿʼȥҰѩ
ѩΪȻóȭҲ֪ǿ١
Ե̽ʱ򣬰ѩɵľʹӦˣҰѩ̵ǵķܼ򵥣Ǿʵս
ַѩʵսһսѩ֪Ǿ˱ŰѩҪʹȭ⣬ֻʹýǡ
ֽ֮Ӱȶһðѩʹá
ʱ޷ɵģҲǺżѩȥĺԺʱеǻѩһֽ̡
ʱܿ͹ȥˣƻ֮ʱȸҲ֮С
ȸҪȥμӲȸˡڵһʱҵףҲ˴㡣
ðɣߣ
ײº鱻ΪѣԱֻܹһȥˡ
ΪҪ磬ΪΪĹȽ˽⣬˵Ǳģٽ˵аġ
ڸ뿪󣬱Ųȸһǹӵ档
ȻһβȸٰᣬôѡĵطȻˡ
ڵǳ㣬鼮ܶ࣬һǾǴ󲿷ڶսĵط
ȸصѡ󣬶ǾƹݡջҲͱ˵սˣϣһβΪҡڵִطоͿЦһ䣬ͬʱҲԼû¸
ΪҪŮһĻսǿ϶Ǳⲻ˵ġ
㾡ҪκսΪڵݲͬˣսĻ˱ضӮҲòʲôôĻǱȽܵġ
ڵףͺñȵԶ
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ҪսôˣҲ١
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սӮףǿɾͲˣӮʥߣʥţƾǸڵ΢Ҳ˲ͱ߹ڵдע⵽
֪ˣǱҪĻҽǲκսġ׵ͷȻҲһ㣬Բ˵Ҳôġ
ǽȥɡ
ţ
׵С檣ƺΪˣǺܱŤûа취
ϣǸŮӣֻΪҵŮˣҸһ˿ϵĻҲûʲôɺ޵ģͼô
аһ͸һͬ뵽档

ڣƻԻͣС
ȸ׻μӽʱڵӵܣûоܾȸ룬һЩûеõңϣܹμһξۻᡣ
һЩڵĴӵܣҹ˹ϣõһ׽ӴĻᡣ
߹֮ڵңǴ͡͡Сһ϶к̳ܶˣЩ̳Ҫ໥棬ֻɫһܹ̳м֮λ
һ͸ӡӵļ̳һġ
ԣЩӵܣлύ׵Ļõ׵飬ôΪľҪɣһǾԲŵġ
ĳһҵӵܣҪŮõֱϵΪߵˣôپа˳ɵļʻΪڵۡ
μĳкܶΪ˽ύ⣬ҲһΪѿġ
һֵˣǷǸĴڣͬʱҲĸ֮
Ҫһ㣬Ǿ׵¼󻹸Ҹԣôǰ׳յĻһǸţΪԺš
쿴繫Ѿ׵̣Ҳ˵ߵǸˡ
ᣬ˵׽ֻʮ꣬ͱԻɱʥߣǲ˼顣
˵ǻɱֻ˵ʥԼѡ
ˣǻϰο
׺ֵ˲䣬˺ܶ˵Ĺע
Щ󲿷ֶձʮʮңʮꡢʮ֮£ΪǸεǺܳ
ǱȽŵǰҲʵǲ̫Զˡ
ֻЩ׶˶ʮлһףȻһǷлһϸ¡
Ȼ٣ȫǧ֮ϵĴڣм黤󣬲ӦòǴѧʿŶԡ
ҲڽͿʼ۲ܿͿһ̫״
ǾһЩȥʮϾȻ飬ǵԲǴѧʿĴڡ


96 ݺ
˵׿ĴѧʿȽ϶࣬ѧʿʥҲ˲٣Ⲣкܶ塣
Ӵǰѧʿִѧʿʥ߾Ƿëǡ
οȸеᣬ󶼻ꡢΪ԰˵ӦóôĴѧʿŶԡ
һҲֵע⣬ǾǴѧʿôֻ黤壬һΪﵽѧʿزĴڣ˵ҲʮŶԡ
Щӵ黤ˣѧλҲǸ˶ѣǵ峤Ĵ裬üԴڴ̻Ṻġ
ЩȽ˽⣬׽һ
ԭ黤ҲǿԱеģֻеĴ۷ǳСͼǸ۵ģֻдͼͶŲſԡ
Ϊʥ֮󴫳ġ
ʥߣֻܹʥʥ޷дҲֻܹ⡣
ȻҲԴУڴûмһ˵ţһͯĴ£һרΪ׼õĲǰ
ӵִеӵҲֻǺٻǰˡʵʥҾĴУ˵ǸڷϵԶͲһõУϧһӵܸȥˡ
֪Ĳ٣ҵһЩȻҲ֪
ҲģϾǴڵĶţǴĹҵһעġ
һ˵ң׾ǸصŮӣǸܹؿռ֮ŵŮӡ
磬֪ǷһŮԼ̳ˣᣬʵرǿᡣᣬһյ顣
׿ɲ֪յ
ҵļ̳кܶ࣬Ůӡо粻֪ΪЩ˵˳
һ֮а̾˿ΪԶա
ϧյһЩ飬ûа취ϸ˵Ϊ¹ʥܡ
˭ΪӵʥΪοԴصĿռ֮ţڡۡ仯ǲйءгʣЩⶼǳҪ
һҿ»ӭһĴĸо
ʥȻǿʥӶ̫ǿˣǸŮӵȻ˼ɣڴɱ¾֮£֮ò˶þͻ÷ǳǿᣬʱɱѰ
׶ɱģҲֻҪӵʥ˼ɵģɱ¾Ļôĳɳٶȿ϶ҪԼ졣
ʵЩĵģϾɳٶٿ죬ֻҪ׿д鼮󣬾Ϳƾɱ
ĵǿҰģʥȻһ֧ǿľӣȻֻһ棬֪ΪΪվԻġ
ҼǵǸŮӵг˷·һԸҪеɣǸֶΡ޷һյ
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һʱͻȻرȥ̽һ£ûа취ȥ
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뵽ʱͻȻ׻˹
ԭղ˼ʱ̫ˣǳһС
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Ҳȷʵ뵽ʥߣǸʥʥߡ
˵ʥҲҪףһʥ֪׶æʥлǴŸмġ
ʥܰʥ֮Ϊءǿһ⼸ԿʥߵǿսȻѾȡˡҲǸпһ䡣
ʵϣײΪһԭΪ׵Ǹʦʥߡ
ʥ߼ȻѾҳ׵ͽݣôֻҪײǾԲᱻʦǵģһ׵ıҲ൱һǿ֧֡
˵Щһֱûʲôһ޷ϵġ
´塣
׸ʱһߵߣȻһƽ̹Ȼ˵齣֮Ҳ齣֪֮ɷָһ
֮󣬲ȱ˼ţȻֱӾҪս
ûȻ˵úί񣬿˼Ҫս
սôȻ
ױ£Χкܶ˵ж˴ɫ󣬾ʹһˣʣһսûûˡ
齣֮ڽ⣬ȻߣҲǽֻͣߵĽϣǵĽУҾýһɡ
ûֻ˵ⷬ
һȷʵڣûпʼսףӵĲڡ
Ⱥ˳£ҲͲʧˡ
ˣ
ֻϵ̧֣漴һǿĽܿϯ
ͬʱЩûע⵽Ҳ׷װĿת˹
Ϣʥ֮һǴнʥ֮
һסʥ齣ˡ
սڸܵ׵Ľ뵽װԯٻʱסʥ߶òȴĳ
һһʥ߶ֻܹȴֳЩ֮ˣһӶ޷ȴ
ܹܵɽгء
ǵĳǳɽľУһʥ֮ԸɽԿʱҪԵĿɲĽ⡣
Ǹս׵ˣɽ֮£ӵȵʥ־ſԿ⡣
֪õĽ֮Щս˾ʧȥֱս׵ӵʥ齣֮Ȼûа취׶Կ
ǣʥڴ͵˵ѵһйڽʥɾͲͬˡ
Ǳһġ¡֮⣬鼮ܹдɾʥ顣
ο¡Ҳֻдǹꪵбд
һЩ֪Ĺ¡ҲмأһռһˣΪػĵһʥ顣
ΪԴԴϵĸṩûЩĻͱסȫ²ˡ
ɽ⣬ɶ񣡡
Ӧ׵ĽҲǷǳΡ
֪ԼѾˣΪ˷йеķŭɲһеİǡСĽͷųȥ׵ʥ֮
ˣ׼˻£жʱеˡ
˵ʵʥҪ֪Ѷˡ
Ϊһʥ֮ԿĻĽͻᱻɢһܵӰ죬Ϊһ


97 
ײ֪ΪҪִԼƴ⣬ȻȴôҲֻܹˡ
Ӧ֪ұƴĺڸһѡĻᡣûֱӶ֣ɲΪһԼʶˣͱһ֮
׶壬᲻˹ⰲΪԼģѾεĻᡣ
λᣬִԲôҲҵģ˾лҪ˵Ҳֲ׵ϡ
ʥ־ȷʵǿһһ¡ҧȻײȥ
֮Ľκ鼮κңƴľǿȸ֮е⾳
ǣͨȥսʥ֮Ǿѻʯȡ
һǧİٶҸӵн齣֮ͷһϧ
׻˵ʥ֮һǧ
ǧٻʱı
ԿôǧҲѺһʥ֮ʥ֮ͨĲ
ҲԻһǾٶ࣬ҲܿʥᲢۡ
Ǹս׵ǲ֪ˣѾٴѡĻˣȻҪȥʥ齣ײ
֪壬25꣬ǽӽһǧٵʮͽ뵽ԺеԺ飬ٻģҲ֪׵ʲôڣΪҪز
ԭǰ;ΪνҪѰ·ҵȲ⡣
׾ԸûйӴĪǲȸĶ
˼岻֪ˣһʱ㿪ʼеԵ
Ȼ϶Ҳ֪ˣЩ֪˶֪ʶЦ
׿ɲΪʲôѾˡ
壬¡
͵˵Ľ⼴ײ֮ʱͻȻһ
ͬʱȻҲͷųЩΪһɫϣ׺м䡣
ǼΪΣյģΪһ׺岻ֵĻҪ˵齣֮
Ļ˵Ȼ齣֮ϾǺǿᣬ׵ľͲͬˣʥ齣һײֵĻ³ȫ顣
ԭǸйϵ
ֹ˽ֵ˲䣬׾֪Ϊִˡ
һУΪĹϵ
ΪĹȻкܶ׷ߣȻҲ׷֮һ粻׵뷨ֹϣҲԵ֪˵Ĺϵɲͨ
һӰɣԺһЩҲЩʵа취ƿ϶ҪʱһеģԶһ²һ¡
뷨ױʥһץջԼ
嵱ȻҲȥ˺Ҳֻεջ
£Ҹ׵սΪҪӸ档岻ʷŹᣬʼָս
ָ𣬿ҪӰġ
ǣΪ׵ľܵӰ죬廹׷ȥԼΪӰ
ʵϣ׵ľôô
壬ѾǴĹˣ׵̣Ӧ˲ŶԡǾһĳƺ˵δսʧǲУȴҪҷΪʣ޵¡վѵϺȰ㣬ȴָǲ壬㻹뿪ɡ
һг״ȻһָһͻȻֱ֣Ӱ˳ȥ
˿жε̾˿
Ů鳤Ǻˣˡ
컯ŪˣԲϲ磬ȴҪߡϲ磬ȴߵʸûС
ڵҪܵĺҺЩҵӵܻеɡ
ЩǴҵﻰû˰˵
ңһЩʶˣ֪Щ飬֮ǰ͸ǲҪȰ裬ʶҲûһΪ档
˭룬Ȼֹ
Ҳǳᣬ֮ǰԼ˽˸飬ڱ¶壬ûʲôҲ׻ỳɣʼԶ
һ㵹ˣΪûҲԶ
һúôģʱҲҸһߺ󣬾СĶ˵һ䡣
ҲǴһң飬Ҳεġ
˰ɣҶһҲȤԺҪǰɡҡҡͷ˵ԼҪ
Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪԺڵĵط˱ἴɡ
ο߹˻ͬʱһط̫ˡ
˵ǹʴȵˡ
ˡ
ҲһѣҲˡ
ڰʲôģûпǹ
ȸ
ôһСˣȸˡ
˵ȸʵ͵ˣ󣬱ȴ״
øˣֲǰĸ׾Ȼȸ˲䣬Ҳǰһ
ΪȸȷʵˣȻ˵Ѿ塢ʮˣµĺۼϸ
״Ųȸʱһɢ־Ůߵߣ˵ʥߣ룡
ңɻĿһŮ
Ȼɻ󣬵ԷԼȥǲܵˡ
ױֻøŮһͬߵǰһƬϯϡ
׹֮󣬲ȸ϶ʱֳһ˿Ц⣬ֻЦ˭˾Ͳö֪ˡ
λһΪףŮͨ˿飬Ϊ˲ȸļ̳ˣΪףʥдһʥ顣ȸһ˵ţһߵһŮվ׵ߡ
ŮӵȻŮˣȻΪ˸Ů֪ȡ
׵ĳУò˶ãŮᱻ֪Ҳ⡣
ϲȸСΪ˲ȸļ̳ˣһ켶ƷĺΪ񡣡
һöԪΪ񡣡
һƷ顶䡷ֳΪ񡣡
ȸһ˵꣬˾Ͷ׷˺
ҲһǣһĳҵĴˣзΪ̳˵ʱҶϺʾף
ڵĳЩ֪˽ȸҪ˵һ飬ȴö֪
˵˷׷˺֮󣬱㶼ĿתףҪ׻ʲôȸŮ
˵۹аһ䣺ȸȻⲻϢȻҳ󣬻Ҹһʥֳɡ
˵췽Ӧöǰ֪ͨģ׾ȻûյκϢ
ԣôִٵ֮£׿϶ֻóһֳһȻԴΪ
û׼Ļõѡ


98 
׵ĸ׸ȸйһδţҪֳͨ飬϶˲⡣
Ҳ˵ʱΪ׻ֳһסǡԶʮ͸ȸ
Ļ׿˵ǳԿԴˣȻԸԳ
ϲȸСΪȸļ̳ˣһö飬վ͸񡣡
׶űϵŮӣҲȸȵһϲʹӹʱóһɢŨˮӳ
ӤȭͷСȥĻܹһĻӰ
ûʥӵ飬ҲáƵɱʥ֮󣬴ڳġ
ȻǴ飬ȴԣϵˮ֮ڲ̺ǿԡ
Ҫ֪ʥӿԽΪǵģԵʱʥӵΪܲߣȴܾ
Ȼ飬Ȼ飬ҲǼΪѵõˡһó󣬶ʱһ
ǿ壬һ㲻ڶܣ塢塢壬ֻҪĸģһǲ˽ȥ顣
ˣ˿Եõ顣
飬飬ҲǷǳġ
ΪЩͬ㣬һǿһúܶ˾Ҳ޷ɱᱻǳԵ
ڶ㣬Ǿϡ٣żɱһЩõһЩ飬Ӵ˿ڻԣҲ΢ġ
پڽǧ֮УӵԲᳬ
ӵе飬Ǻܸߣûа취ʥӵᲢۡ
ʥֹ߳ȻöӵǿˮϵĻȲ˵ʱپۼΣʱҲԱȸʱҲǰһ
֮󣬾Ϊôܹ㷺
ƽգ԰ָӶʱսʱأҲ
˺ʱҲ꣬СĵСУǱǲ
֮ܶ
Ȼʧȥһö飬˵ʵڸĹϵȷʵе㲻ʡ
ҲΪһֱºԭ֮һΪ鷴ǡ
ԣһΰͳȥҲǲԿʥֳˡ
һֵע⣬ǾȻȸһպ˫ͽһϵԺǴ飬½飬ȸҪ
ڵһʱȸҪͳֵȵıǸıܹ֮Ǽֵı
һ˴ҲԵͶʡ
һߣҲΪ󣬲ȸŮһʱ䶼û˼ȥӹֻ㶵Ŀ׺ϵ顣
ȸлܵܡ
ȸԼŮڿ鷢һ䡣
ллܵܣ
õĸ׵ѣȸְ˹ȥ
ڽӹʱָ⻹С׵֣һ˲ȸԲһ£ĺе㼱١
ʵЩֵע⣬Ϊ״ʱѾ뵽ã֮С
ܵܣֳƺе㲻ɣ׶ȸĳƺǷǳġ
ΪǸ硢ܵܡ㡢õȳƺһ㶼Ǽˣǹϵòųֵġ
ڣ׿ǵһμȸҲǵһμȸͱ˼õܵƺһʱ뵽˸õĿܡ
ȸĽ㣬ܵȻӦõġȸ·ڵ仰һ͸æ˵˳
ȸ仰һ˲
Ҳ˴üͷи˵ǰҸĸףôʱָһ㡣
ȸȸʱΪҵĽ㣿
ȻѾ뵽ԭ򣬿ǲֱӳϣֻװû뵽
ȸҺ㸸׵ĺӣҲ׽㣬һ㿴˷źͻˡ
ȸ˵꣬ͽһżס
׽ӹţһʱעľǱʼǡ
Ǹ׵ıʼǣŵֽֽţҪϻŸײϢҲ˵Ųٵģ
׶ûݣ֪ŲǼٵġ
һھﵽһزʱдԼҲԼصϢּȻģ£ǹɶϢǲܹģµġ
ȻŮ˾ȻҵĽ㣬һҰĽ㡣ŵݺ׾֪ƸԼȸȻĽ㡣
˵ǰĽ㡣
׻ǡ״ʱΣ˵ʵΪԽߣǲԽܣµĸܡ
ǲȸĿ𣬰ҽᣬڳ䲻£ȸϲȸ̳˵λãͬʱȸҵĽ㣬һҾ͸ȸȷ˹ϵа̾һ
˵ģڶԲȸ˷УΪȸȻһ֪ȸĸ˭֮ǰûףԾǲס
׳ˣδʥʥʥߣϵʥҲ׳ȸĻᣬһĻͳˡ
µľʹϵΪ֮ǰˣƺܶɵ鶼ɣҲʹϵԭ
ɹϵҪٵ鷳ҲԽࡣ
Ĵڣھ׵鷳֮һҪһ㣬ԼҪȥĹң᲻ڶһߵܵ
׶֪ĸȥ磬ڻᣬģұȥľλֻ
ȸһ̾Ȼ䵱ݣһ־Ҫԣ׵֮λֻ
ˣǸǷҵģֻҪﲻԴ飬ǲȥΪġҡҡͷܾȸ顣
ʵȸҲ֪׻ܾΪѾǱߵ鶼ˡ
ȻˣôҾȸȴȥϢƬ̣ȻڲμɡȸҲ֪Ҫһ¸ոյϢԴһ˽ʱ䡣
ã
ȻҲܾͻȻһ⡣
ױȸĴ£һǳ鷿棬Ҳʱȥ
鷿ſںͻȻתͷ˵£һлҪȸ˵
׶绹ǺܿģһֱΪ£Ҳ˵ľ롣
ã
Ҳ֪ڵ϶ܸӣûж˵ʲô
鷿ֱóͶ򴫣淽ɽٻ˳Ȼγһ
ܵܣʵҲ֪ȸ￴еƣΪҪ߿أҲ˵һԼеĿɬ
ԭȻҲǲ֪û죬͵ȸĻ˵һʱȴ˲䱻ó鼮𺳵ˡ


99 
˵ʵȸǷǳζģȸһֱҲԼĸ˭ȻҲĴţǰΪǱ˹⹥ĸס
׵ݱȷϣȸϲǲΰ롣
ϲǣ֪Լĸ˭ˡ
ǵǣҲ֪ĺӣҲĵܵһţеţһսһʱҲûſԺ
µľһԼףᱻΪǿֺá
ʵϣȸȷʵ뷨ֻȸû뷨ѡ
ȸû뷨ҪΪֻܹĸײȸ
ԣȸʹһ£ΪڵݺͳɾͣԲ׵ġ
Ļû˵꣬Ϳóһɢŵѹ鼮
ͬʱײû鼮һʱͿ˷ϵļ֡
Ȿ顭ǡͶ򴫡
ȸŵĿϵ鼮˼˲뵽ã֮С
Ϊʱ䷨ĵĹϵͶ򴫡ѾΪ֪鼮ֻǳ칬ĳԱ֮⣬û֪Ȿݶѡ
ٻɽĳʱȸûиеﲻԣֱ󣬲Ž͵˵ˡͶ򴫡
ĵġͶ򴫡Ȿʥߡ
ֱӳһУһⱾ鷭һҳҲдһҳ档
ȸȻǵҽ㣬ôҶҲͲʲôˣҲǡͶ򴫡ԭߣͬʱ칬֮ҪǩԼ֡
˵꣬Ͷǩһ㣬ʾȸǩҳΪ칬ˡ
һԼǩ־Ҫ칬֮ĵҲ͸¶칬ԱѵݡȸңҲǩֵġ
ǰݿһ飬ȻְѡͶ򴫡ס
ܵܣǲȸļ̳ˣԼҲǩ£ҪΪѡ
ȸȻ֪һԼǩԼҪ׵ķԸһΪĲȸôȸҲͳ׵
˵ڵ׵ܵܣһϣȸǲõġ
Ϊ㣬ĸΪҡûнӹͶ򴫡ҡҡͷ˵ѾⱾ飬ֻѡҪôǩԼ֣Ҫôɱҡ
û˵ɱȸóȸظ飬ҪôɱҪôǩֵķ
Ȼе޳ܣǲȸƵá
˵ˣȸ׳ΪȸһȾָ׵ʥʥ飬ֱӽƾͼƣȸΪ칬֮ˡ
һȸΪ칬֮ˣ׿϶ģʱһо칬һС
ԲȸεΪҪˮһˡ
Բʲôѡ񣬽͵Ϊֹɡȸҡҡͷת뿪
ȸǺܼ˷ܵģ׵ıģκȸֲֹ׵ϣͬʱҲûаȥĸףֻܹʹ뿪
ǣײû򿪷ɽȥֱӴӡԶʮ棬ʥԯٻ˳
ʲôȸԯɫʱһ䡣
˵ֻѡҪô칬Ҫôɱҡ
һ˵ţһ߰ԯ˲֮ϡ
ס֣
ȸ׾ȻԲãæһ漴˵ΪʲôǷҪвңĸвҾˣոϵĵܾܵȻҲвҡ
ȸĶ׺һ䣬ɲСӣȻòϿᣬʵɱ״˰ꡣ
Ƕʱ򣬿ȸȴÿնҪܵȸѹںòиܵܣҪܵܵܵѹָоǳĲˬ
в㣬칬¹شǣ¹պȻѾ֪칬飬ôֻѡҪô룬Ҫôɱ㡣ɱԸԼ
һˣ˵ĺһ
һȸʱ͸ãˡ
ͨͥ飬ϧһȸû׳ˣȻĸܵһĸо
ڵ񣬸ȸ̲סҪȥ
׿óȸǳں飬Ҳڲȸֵط˵ʷǸ߼鷽һǷȱ
ǣױƣ˵ȸ㣬칬ͻ֪칬ĿжôΰͬʱҲӵ˽ңҲ칬ȻǵĽ㣬Ӧ֧ǲŶԡ
˵ķǳϿңȻոʶĽûּ˵ĸо칬һϣ׵ĸȴġ
칬Ȼһ֯ҲһͥǻܣҲ໥չˣҪǵޣֻҪǩ֣֪칬жҪˡ
˵ͬʱҲ֪ʾͰԯɢȥԼǱ˳ҽ̵ȸϡ
ϽӹǱʺȸǹɼӵɫʱѾ䵭Ҳ͸¶ԥ
ʱֻҪԼڼһ𣬾;ԿȸΪ칬ˡ
ǣֱסȸ֣˵ȸ㣬ֻбϿɵˣſԼ뵽칬֮У㲻ҪΪͶ򴫡칬ǿ鼮ʵﻹһ֮飬һ編ļİ֮顣
Ȼ͡Ͷ򴫡Ѿȸҡˣô׸ɲżһѻֱ׳˰֮顶ƵĴڡ
һ¶һ飬Ҳ͵û·ˡ
Ҫȸ飬׺ȸֻһܹ߳䷿ˡ
֮飬˷ļȸ૵˵š
Ȼ֮ձ׳ȸ˲ǧ򻯡
ȸĬƬ֮ͻȻס׵֣ʵףʵҲں칬ʲô鼮ںǣҾͼ칬Ļҵ𣿡
ȸģҲĪһ˿ϧȸŮӼ̳еĺ׾ͺᵽ飬ȸŻ⸱ģɡ
е棬ҶŮһֹߡ
һЩŮ۰ɱⲻһʵ
ͺñ˵û׵ĳ֣³ҲֻǼ޸Զѡ
ȸڣ³һҵӵ׸ΪߣȻͻµĲȸŮҲʹࡣ
ĸֿ׵ĸʣȸϧǵĽֲá
ˣȸһֱûȥðıҪľ飬иҪչ˵ĵܵܺá
׺£ھһ㡣
ģ칬һ㵱㣬¡Ҳͬˡ׵ͷ˵仰
ȻȸѪּ뵽칬Ļ׾һҲûʲô
òȸ޷ɹԵõһĶԼõĽ㣬ȸ˵ҲڿԸܵ飬ȫˡ


100 Ϊͥ
׵ĳŵȸڿʼᣬǰһὫױڻУ˵ðɣԸ칬ҷƭҵĻͬھҲ
ȸ˵ʱѾԽԽСˣˣҲԵĸеһɺ⡣
ͬھڸոʱ¶ǲһͬھͻȻðĽ㣬ȻҲͬھ治Ѫ
ȸĻУǸܲκεů
ȸ㣬ȻѾͬ칬ôھǩְɣҲð칬˵һ¡ȸӵȻߴȸһǩ֡
˵ʵôһΣϾȸȻĽ㣬ɱһŮţɲϲ
ţ
ȸϵõ㣬ȻӦֻ˵ͷ漴׵ǱʺīˮֱڡͶ򴫡ǩ֡
ְ֮칬͡Ƶȸȸе鼮ֳһݡ
Щ鶼֮ײżʵȸ㣬о칬ڵΣ
˼飡벻ܵ㾹ȻϢУҵķһ㷺ӦãôסҲΪˡȸõˡƵֳҲ֪Ȿ塣
ϧڻܹⱾƹȥΪһ֪ôסضгɼֶԿ壬ʱ롣׸̾һ䡣
֮ǰûƭң칬ĴڹȻϵֻҲΪҪ칬ȸ֪ˡƵú󣬾칬ĴжҪ
˵칬ھߣһǰϵȷȻƹϵܿͻһΡ
Ƕ˵һӵȡͬȼ߽Ҳᱻͬȼ塢ѹơ
Ҫһ㣬ֻҪļӳ֣ô˵ҲͨһĻߵʱҪˡ
Ӧ˵ߵʱӦ˵ʱ
ȸ㣬֮Թ֯Ϊ칬ԭгһսὨһͥʱ칬ĳԱͥ
˵ͥ˵ͥʱĪļ
ΪһԽߣΪһϵĻ꣬û˱ͥһô˵Ϊʲô
ˣ
׸ո˵֮ͥʱһǿͻȻ
û˱κ˷ֻ֣׵֮ϡ
ܵǹǿ־׵ʱһŭ㣬֮
Ե޹ʵı֮Լϣ׵Ȼˡ
У֮͵׺ȸ̸Żһʱ併١
Ϊ֮ͥҲΪеŭеһѯͥ顣
޹أȻ֮ôͲҪβκ飬Ҫҵ飬ҾͻˡƵ
֮͵̸ݣ˵һǳŭ顣
ŭʵΪ֮ΪԼ
ŭԼȻ֮ǱڵΣգôʱ棬֪Լжܱ֮ˡ
˵֮һвв
ף֪Ѿҵĸ塢塢壬㲻ҰҲ˵ȥͰͥ͸ֱ֮ӳԺС
֮벻סʥ߶κβ㣬㾹ȻĿŵĳȡ
ײ˻⣬ûἰ칬顣
ڵȷʵʥߣʥ߼ĴҲɱң㻹ɡ
֮Ҳżǻش׵⣬żҪ˵ͥ顣
ͥ編ĺģȻͳΣͷһɹĸı䡣
ûϸ˵֮ͥ£ֻǰѴŵ֮
̫ͳˣҪϸ֮Ҳ֪Щû̫Ӱ죬Լ׷һ䡣
һûпȻҲй˼һЩͥϵûа취˵˵Ͳ˵ȥ
Ϊʲô̫֮׵˼
Ϊһڣ編ͻή٣ʱǿаͥϵƣûǸеĹ˼ҲƣԿھ͵һд硷ʱľǱڡ
ҲͥǰҪ˵ɣ־٣һ㡣֮ûԸԳ
ңһ˵꣬ڵķɽ󣬾ͻȻð
ͨİƿռ䱻İ
֮ǰȸͻȻһ׹⣬ȸϾһɴۡ
ۺȸ˲

Ȼֻһۣ׵ĸоȴ֮ǰһƯ㣬Ůˡ
աġƣ֮²Ǳ壬ֻһ˿Ϣǰ
㡭ռ壡
׼ýָͷ붼֪µȸѾ֮ˡ
İɣҶסĿռ䣬֮ᷢ顣֮˵
ڣȸ֮ƺر֮⣬Χɢų޾ϡ
֮£еġͶ򴫡
ʾͶ򴫡еܲס֮ѹ
һĵʥ飬Ȼ޷һǱ壬ӡ˲֪꣬ͬʱ״̬֮һôܲȡ
ҿԴӦҪ󣬲ҲҪӦ׼֮ǿᣬȻ֮
һ
֮˼Ƭ̣Ȼʼ׻ۡ
УһҪңһƷҪ
֮ϴӦԼǸɴ˵Ҫ
Ʒû⣬Ҳһֱ㡣֮ôʱ䣬Ʒ˵Сһ
Ҫ󣬶˵ʵ̫ˡ
ʱ֮ҪǾĳһˣô˸ļ֮⣬ûκܹ˺ס
֮Լ޷ʥ濹⣬ʲôʱӦһֱס
ðɣҾڻһԺҪȥðյʱ򣬱ȥĳżĳһؿռʱҪһͬǰͷתܿ뵽Ҫ
֮ǿӹɣȻ޷濹ʥߣԺű޾֪ʶҪֶηǳأʥֶ޷κ
ƾһ㣬׾Ѿȥɱ֮˼֮ΪԼ


101 
֮˺ܾáܾãȻ׵ĵˣ׵ЩҪȫܾˡ
УһԼҪһֱ㡣
Ҳ֪һԼӦףͳ׵Ѵּ汣ڡ
һһΣΣ׻ǲʱ䡣
˵֮ɴտڲˡ
һΣ
һΣ
ðɣҪ֤ԺְһΣĵߡ˵֮󣬱֮ӦԼҪ
Ϊ֪֮󲻴ӦҲֻܹ֮˵ȥ
׵Ҫ֮΢˼һС漴˵һΡ
ãһΣ
֮ӦҲһ
֮ϣ͵ڵõһűֻҪպײԼȥĻٺܳһʱڣᴦڰȫˡ
֤֮ҲͲȥҪģʼһдʱݣһһ˵˳
磬֮ءɾ
״˻һʱһڤڤ־ף־˸޷оʥ߿Ҳ޷о
֮ͲͬˣԸоõ
ͣҪ˵ȥˡ
ܵؼ֮֮ͣ
㲻֪ˣͣҲɻΪûиܵκء
ȷʵûƭңڰҪĶóɡ֮Ҳ׽ʲôֱҪóǸƷ
õģ
Ҳȥ룬֮˼϶ֻͬҪȷ֮Ծͺá
ܿ죬ױ͸ҲǸˮ򣬵ȴһСɹײĵƷ˳
ףԭˣ
֮ˮһ۾ϳĴڡ
ֻˮһץֱӾͰٻǰ漴еһ©ŻӵеǾǻ
ף˵һôûС֮ˮƬ̣ͶһӣֱӰˮ뵽֮У׵ǰʧ
׵Ȼ֪ˮ֮ˣҲûֹ
һ׾ֹҲûǸ
Ҳ֪֮ҪԼԲܾôߣһᲹġ
ף׶˵ǷһûȻǽְңôպԻڶһΡ
֮ҲܹʲôֻܹðһεĻ˵ʵѾǲˡ
Ҫ֪׸ղ֮ǳ֪ϢҲͻȡһΪԼֵĻѡ
ΪˮĴڣֵõһλᡣ
ңֻҪ֮ҪһֱԼϵպ󻹻еΡĴεĳֻᣬĻ֮һϵ
ǺõķչҪǳСģܹκˣκס֪ȻͻΪĹС
֮һҪ㣬ǾǲҪҵ˵ҶԸ˽ǳ⡣׿ó֮뿪ԳŻæ˵һ䡣
Ҷ˽һȤûУҲʱʱ̻֪̿飬ֻеְֳ֮ԭʱҲŻϵ֮Ȼ׳Ϊ˺ϵҲû˵顣
ȻϢеȻǰϲѡ
֮ǰôû뵽֮ȻǿšƵǸؿռ䣬һƵĳϵȻֳֻ֡Ƶʱ򣬲ܹ˽ߵ
˭ϣʱʱ̶̿һˣӦ˵һ鶢ţϾ˭ܵģ׵Ҫͨ˶öࡣ
סڵǳǲ뱩¶֮Ĺϵô򲻵ѵ£ǧҪȥЩ߽׵ʥߡ
֮󾯸һʱɽر𰲾ĸоʱɢһգͬʱȸϵİɫҲʧˡ
׸ܵһжָԭ״аһôϣܹԶ
׶֮źǿĺġ
磬׺ʲôĴڣôģǿʲôţ˵ʵ֮ߵ̫
ʱסʱ干ͬĵˣ֮İȫ
֮ȵĻǼֱ֮
յȻ鷳Ϊеܹ֮Կ֮ʱûа취
СףôͻȻ˵ˣ
͵׺˼ʱ򣬻ָģȸ׷һʡ
ȸȻոձ֮ˣȴһоûУԷʱŸо֡
ΪȸʶУһ뻹˵ͥ飬һͻȻסˡ
ûʲôֻǿǵͥϵ˼һ¡ҡҡͷ˼ʱصڵ״֮ϣȥո֮顣
Ҫż㻹ᣬеʱ䣬ҪԼ̫ѹȸ׵ͷһɵ΢Ц
һŮͷȻԼĽ㣬׻˲ɫһ죬оһŤ
ʵˡˡ˻С϶ϲͷģرܵĴڡ
׺µĹϵֻ׺֮Ĺϵ
ȸĻײŸոʶѣһ뵽ȸղŵ飬ҲȥȻ¶һΪܡ񡯡ܡЦݡ
ȸ㣬ǳȥɣڵǡ
˵Ѿ˵ˣҲѾˣ׵Ȼ鷿档
ϾȸǣҪһֱ¶Ļɾͷǳʧˡ
ãߣ
ȸҲǸˣһܵܣõĵʥֳԼסֳҪĻǱ֮飬ض顣
׶ԣͶҲֵõģһȸܺÿƣҲһȸպΪ˲ȸܹ״֧־ͷǳĿɹˡ

鷿⡣
Ҳǳһ֪֮׻ôԼ
ǣҲûа취ȥ壬ΪҲ֪ĸԸȥС檵ģԲŻΪͷ
ֻͷЧȴʵ䷴ӰպļƻһҸ˦
Ҫһңһ±һЩЩ˲ݣ˵һظŮˣʱܵĿɲҲܵӰ졣
֨ѽ
ķ֮ʱ鷿ĴҲڴˡ
ˣ
׵˲䣬̲סһ
ţҸȸѾ˵ˣǻȥɡҲ΢΢һЦ˿Щʲô
á
ףҲ֪˵ʲôãֻø׵ߣͬȸһصĴ֮С
ǶߵʢᣬǧһԼʶϵĺûᣬ˽˵ȸΪ٣ַǷ
ףˡ
ʱͻȻһصĳ˹


102 ҪϢ
ȸٰᣬ˵Ǵᣬǽߵһᡣ
һ£ЩҵӵܺٻμӴᣬҪμӵĻһҲͬ⣬Ϊ͵߻ӣʲô˶пһĳҪʸ֦ƭӣ˵ĻӰһ̳ߵķչ
磬ĳһŵڵС㱻ĳһͯˣǱĳһˣҪôĳһŵڵĹӱ˼ҵѾߣŮ˵ȵȡ
ʵ㲻ͣĽƼӵܲμӴᣬżҲ֡
߹˿ô࣬ðİ£ÿһҪּ
ҵӵܶƲμִᣬô״Ŀɲһ꼸𣬺пǼʮ𡢼
᲻ͬˣܶ࣬ǧˣôˡͯ´ﵽ˿͹۵ˡ
Ҳ󹻴󣬲Ȼɲôˡ
гȥμǧ֮⣬кܴһֶ
ֹģᣬǲȸҲ
ᣬȻҲᱻ£ҵĴ˾ˡ
ףҪҪ˵ǳҪ顣һ׳Ҳ߻ˣֱ˵ǰ׵Ŀġ
ŶСҿΪĴɱһʹ²µΪ£û˵꣬Ͱ˰˵һĴɱ֪ûκεĹϵ㲻á
ΪҵǸģϾڵ
˵ǣһһѧʿһ˿Ǹ塢һҪɱ˵ʱ쳣أΪϢ˺ǳԾͬʱΪϢҲ˲صĴۡ
ȻǸɱܵܵС
ȸû׿ڣŲԶһһָʾȥ˵
ܺãô˵Ҳ˵ĵط
ҺøղҲûˣ硢ȸ֮⣬ûһղŵĻ
ӺȸٻһȻʾ˵ȥ
ף뿪ҵʱҵһλִ±㷢һɵĺִǴɱȻ취ǵʬģ˭ǸϾȻһѼƷ齣
˵˳ʱȷʵһִ·顣
ңǸִȻûɱȴѺˣΪץסǸִ°Ϣݻ֮󣬱ȥ׷Ϻˡ
ϧǣǸִµҲûѶ÷鴫ϵҲȥ޻أʯһ㡣
ûκϢҲ˵׶༪𣿡ﻹʲô˼
ƷʲôĴڣȻرҲ֪ڵĲƸԣǱϵʥ飬Ȼ޷õһƷġ
ԣԷȻƷУôǸ򲻹һѧʿһܹɱѧʿĴڡ
ִڿܻһóȻȥ׷ǸǾ
ϿȷǸִѾˣΪռйأһ׷˵ĻСʱڴȷһλãԴӷһϢ󣬾Ҳûлظֱ˵˳˵ͬʱһס
׽ӹֱ֮˻
ϵ˵һ۵Ǹһȥ鼮һѹӲкֵܶı
ףǰٻģǸϵļƷ齣׽һ䡣
Ǹȫں֮У֪ǧ֮⣬ǲܲ鵽ݣϵһѽӦûеɡ
׿ٿһۻܿͷҪ顣
һ˵꣬жʱ˼ȣͷ˵ͨһȷʵ޷֪ǸʵݣѼƷ齣Ѳ顣
˼ǣѾʲôˣʶļ̌ͷһ
ΪĻ͸©ŶԼԺ
Ҳ˵Էһ鵽˽ĳȻԷҲʱԼ
һ㣬˵ѽΪϿգǡ¡еһҪȡҪڵңҪܶĲϣҪȡҲô򵥵ġ
ڵң仰һ׵̲סļӿ˼¡
Ѿв鼮ˣɼڵÿյջƽҲǧöѣõĻ˵Ҳǧ򣬵ƽ¾ûôˡ
ȻҲΪ׵鼮ӡ̫ٵԵʡ
ӵԼ󣬻߼Ȼȵĳ⡢ԼӡҲʱתǧҡ
ǣԷһѽȻͼֵңôܹ𾪡
һܲ˼飬Ǿֳ齣ˣӵңȻԽӴ걾״̬ġ¡ֳӡ
һְ汾Ŀǰ޷ȷ
ΪֳӡԶһԭеֻ۸Ҫϲٶѡ
˵ԷҲпܽӴ¡ԭȻʺСпܡ
ԷĿԽӴ¡ԭҲͱʾԷʥˡ
ǵĻôֻܹǸҡ
¡һʥ飬߹ĻҡϣǸҡԺڣӵС¡ӡֳ
ֻЩУֻһȵŻӵȫġ¡ȻҲС¡ȫֻǼһֵݶѡ
ɴ˿ɼҪˣǶŻĳһ߹Ļҡˡ
̫ˣ߹ӵǧ֮㱻輫ƷӵܾԲ࣬ϱĺԺĻƺܿǾͻҵǸ˭
Щ鱨аԸ˲ѡ
Ȼ֪ԼﰭԷˣȻԷҪɱԼôҲ飬һ֪Է˭׿϶ĺԺԺ߹һͬԸǸˡ
ǸµУҲִܵˡ
У׸оһϿսҲȻܹһǧ֮ڳ䲻˵ѧʿҪܹ˳õѽǿɾ׬ˡ
ף֪ʱ򣬾ѾϱĺԺʹˡ˵ȻҲ֪ԣϱˡ
̫ˣԼһҪˣͻȻüͷ˵ԣ߹ʥضʥǿأҪǾϱĻһܲ鲻ģϾŵʸҾԲ̫࣬ǡ


103 ʱ
һʱӵУһܶܶˡ
ң¹ʥ飬ʥ߲ΪҲԻкִѧʿʹѧʿֵġ
һʱǶûҵǸӵжϿսҲ˵е棬ûзһ
뵽׿϶еʧġ
¶ݺ󣬾֪Ѿһ㡣
ˣҲͲڶ˵Ƕʵףúûһ£㵽ûеĳһңǼӵҲ㡣
͵ֻҪ˲ҵĻǲȥǱ˵ģ벻е˭Ǵ͵ҡҡҡͷʾûκ
Ҳûең׼УңҲʥˡ
ǣܰĹϵԲܻɱģǸŮˡ
һ뵽գбһ
𣿡
ȥòʶ棬ֻղŻٶĿܡ
һˣױͻȻһ뷨
ʱȥһˣ֮ıӣǸŮֲʥߣҿ⣬һָʾһУҾͻ֮ɱȻʥָܰӴ֡
ױҵһϣΪ˷ֹҹζ࣬Բܹȥˡ
סɱĲҪǻڼԺǹԺ棬߹֮УȻȥﶼȫ
Ժ߹ǶǾԵİȫ֪Է᲻ڲ߻һʥ߻ж
ܵܣƮѵ뵽ĳһ𣿡ȸһֱעף۲쵽׵仯ʱæһ䡣
һ벻Ǹ˭Ҵȥһңѯһʦ˳ʦָһҡ֪ۡʶ˵ʱԺо͸ֳʥܰӰӡ
˵Уܰһƣݺţ˭Ҳ벻ܰȻòǸ绪ïŮӡ
ҪȥңԺǱô죿׵뷨֮󣬵һ뵽ľĺԺ
ԺѾˣͨԺѾԺ֮ڡ
׸ΪԣŸʥڴͣ˼졣
ҲֻʱͣѣĻͻ᷵ĺԺȻμԺѧ
ǣʱҪȥңһͿ϶ҪƳѧʱˡ
ҲǣѧĻԺ϶չ˵ġû׻ش𣬾ԳһЦһ䡣
˵Ժڸѧ֮жҪ飬ûԺ뿪ԺС
һѧ׼ҪȥҵĻĺԺ϶ǿῪףų׹ȥ
Ҫ֪ĺԺҪ׵ĻĸԺ϶Ҫ
ʥߺʥߵ
Ҵһ͸ֺѧʿͨһһǰֻһȥʱ¶ͷѧչˡ˵Ϲʾ
ˣڿʥߺʥߣºԺصĻΪǡУҸ˵һºĸۡΧ׵뷨˵˳
á
ĺԺڻʶˣºʱиչˡ
ϧҲĺԺȻҵǿչһ¶ǡһԵȸһϧܵܣá
ԣҲϣлչ¡
ֻϧȸĺԺûа취ĺԺ֮С
ȸ㣬Ǻܿͻ뿪ˣȥһ¶ɡȸת˻⡣
ҿ𣿡ȸȥ£֪Ǳ߻ʲôڴʵ¶ƢΣϲʲô㿴ڵװǲе̫ǿˣǲǸûһ·ȥ
ȸƽյǿƣΪȸһֱôģҲ֪һ㣬Ļ·С
İɣ¶Ըƽ͵ģҪ֪˻ôһ㣬һܸ˵ġͷȸ
УһҪһ·ġ
ȸ뵽ҪԸֱ뿪˷䣬뿪ʱ򣬲ûгȥĳ
ȸߺʱе
һ뵽츸סĸ׸˵ĻԼЩҪɫͱе΢졣
ףǸһе飬ȸˡ
˵꣬Ҳ׵Ĳ죬ֱ뿪˷䡣
Ѹ˵Ķ˵ˣø׵ĶҲˣ뿪Ҳûʲôˡ

֮ʱһȻа˵סĸҲǵģƽնȨƣȥύңôշҪȥӽס
еڵĵطʵûֺøУеֻͨѡ
ԵĻԶһ㣬Ϊŵǲȱ鷳ģ鷳
ȻţϧһܺõĹޣΪҪٵҲҪͨ˶ö࣬ҪҲҪǳĴߺѹϰȵǰһ漴ͳżʶŮȥ뵽ǵ֮С
Щ˼֮ȻҲǳˣȻͿʼһѯ׵顣
׼ĺԺѾ֪ˣĺԺϯҲ֪θͬһۣЩŮõһЩ׵鱨
Ϊ׵ķ˿Ȼϻûз˿壬ڲ֪УѾ˺ܶ˿ˡ

ڡ
뿪׸ҲеΣϵķޣȴŸԵĿģ˾춼֪˵Щʲôá
ܵܣһˡ
͵εʱȸڻˡ
ղһγȥȸֱӻһɫĹװۣһǿȻС˲١
ܵܣҵһװΣȸ·󣬵һҪ˸һ
ܲµĸоҾɰɫĻӺһЩ׶ȸ˼ۣȻ˵뷨
֮˵ǰɫȻΪ֮Եˡ
׿Ǽǵøղ֮Ƿӣ˼㣬̲ס˵ôһ䡣
ɫ𣿡
ȸͷһԼȻٶ뿪䣬ֻһɫȹ
Σȸѯ׵
ӡһЦݣȴһ
Ҳľᡣ
ȸ㣬뿪Ҳʣһ壬һʱɡ
ȻҲߣſʼʮӣҪ˵Ļɾ͵ںݺݵĴһ²ȸ


104 һ仰
Ϊ˴ʱ䣬׿ʼȸ塣
ȸ׵Ľ󣬵ȻҲǼΪ˵ģ˵ԼоѾжʱ䣬ĿǰĹѾв˱ˡ
һЩѧʿ
֮׻һ䣺ǧܹȸȻǿɾͶˡ
֪ԼȻǶ⼶ģ֪ΪŵļǶѡ
ԣԼһϣҲֻʱƶѣƶڻǳԣʱһ䳤ĻһЩʵ˾͸óˡ
ֲһ꣬ȥġסҲٱҿס˻һЩҲ̫š
ʮꡢ꣬ôͻĲ˵ˡ
ʱ˵˵ճףҲ˵оȥһЩ϶ûгֵ׻߲о֡
֮һȸţʶһ
Ϊʥߣʼˣڿ䲻
档
ΪҪԵʣԶʱ˴Щ֪ȸպܲûʶһʥߣױǿ١
ܵܣȳɣͷڣ
ȸרűƴ󣬺ܿѡһ̣ȻһᶼףֱӳΪȳӵһ
áɣ
׶ûüش꣬ȸͶѾˡ
ңȸ˿Χô˫۾׿ԼĵܵܣǱġ
֪ȸ뷨ƿ϶ᡮᵶЦġ
о仰˵ĺãԺᵶЦЦҾȥ˯˯𵶣ֺᵶЦ
ȻôҾȷˡ
׼ȸķʽܼ󣬲ûҪӣǴ㽨һȦȡٵӮһ֡
ȸļ³ȥͻȻһֵ飬ǾȸõĹ֮ǰ˵һһģһ
ǡסûеģȸԲǴӡסпģǴӴЩۿ֮˵ϣǮġ
ԶȸΪѧϰȻ˻Ǯȥķɴ˿ɼҲĺܸȤ
ڣȸˡסֳ϶ٽҲǿаһЩ粻ˣֱ뵽սˡ
ʮӺ
׺ܿͰںһֻ֣ȸϵԽսˡ
ܵĳûˣû㡣
һѡ
ȸûпԼΣգڶ׵ĳ
õӣܹԵһԻ˺ܼ
ǣȴֵĺûʲô
һͨˣһоϧģȻ׵Ļ˾Ϊ߳ʧȥһҲܹȡʤ
ҲһһЦΪǹⷸһҪԼ׽㡣
֮⣬ôһСˣһֽˣΪǿװµ塣
ԵˣǺǣ
ȸԵ׵ĳ϶©ЦݣЦݺǲãȫǳĵЦݡ
ڳꡢڿȸЦݺжĪĲһ¡
ԶĲȸжһĪĸܡ
϶ʱûһ¶ЦݣΪʲôƫƫĺӺ󣬾ͻЦ㿪ģѲǲȸŮˣͱ˿𡣡ȸѾ֪Լûиˡ
Դ׵ĸ˵׸ȸʱ֮˵ĺ޾Ѿˡ
ֻϧܲȸ׵ĸףȥɱҵ飬̶׵ĸ׳֣Ϊ׵ĸ氮
ڲȸûûûκεܹԼŮ㿪ģǼĽ
ҲգעҪΪãȸùϵôԺ׸ȥǸطʱ򣬳ɹʽӵĸߡȸа̾һ䣬漴㲻ȥ׸ȸֱӽ뵽һ֮С
һߣȸΪԵ׵һеʱȴͻȻ֡
һЦݶʱͣ

һʹóڡ
һ־ɱĽʽһ˶עһ㣬ϵһЩ֣ٻ˴ڡ
ǣȸӴʱ䱾ͲҲŸոյõסֳ֮ǰġסǽġ
ˣû
ǵװóʱԼѾˡ
ȸһȻޣҲơ
Ҳǰһ£΢ԥƬ֮󣬾ְ׵ĳ˻ȥȻ֮ǰĲָԭ
ǻ塣
һ壬һ㶼ҪԷſԵġ
ȸΪˣС¾Ͳˣֱͺá
ңȸΪ׵Ľ㣬Ȩô
Ȼû˵˵ĻĻᵶЦ
Ҳûõġ
Ȼȸʥ߰ڱô˶ŵ֮£ǾԲܹġ
˵ʵˣҲһΪȸΪղŲȸѾ˵ˣȸĽ㡣
ţղ㣬ֻҪһĻһӮȸԴڴ޻塣
ɼˣʱֹȥ˰Сʱȸ߲˼ͻᱻ׽
ʵĲ࣬ջѡ䡣
Ҳһ
ȸѾǹϵˣҲֻزô֤ʱڻûܹⷽʤҡаһȸ˵ڶ̡
һΣǱ߽˵
˵͵ָˣ˵׶ȸָɵʼ˵֮󣬳ڵ˶ܶҲ׷ó鱾ʼ˵ÿһ仰
ЩͯŮ˶䣬ȥ¼˵ÿһ֡
Ϊ֪Ƚһ˵ЩͻΪңֻҪǰ˵Ļȥһ־ͼֵʮңߡ
ΪһңԵĶڡ
˭Ŀ̫ƶأҪеԡеϷĻȻҲˣԱȲϷ˶ࡣ
ʱţתۼĸСʱ͹ȥˡ
ʱҲ뵽β׵ĽҲˣ󲿷Ѿʼ׼뿪ˡ
λᵽ˽ڽʱΪһ仰ڳ
ȸҲһΣ֪׳˸ȸ⣬϶ûвμӱۣ͸һ仰˵ʲôԡ
ƾѺһĻҲ˵
˵һôĻô;ԵĶˣһЩɣǿа׵ĳɾ͹鹦鹹ǸԶɡ
ǣǵϴԽģ˵һ仰򵥡


105 ǿϢ
ȸٶȵʱ׾֪һûʲô飬Ȳȸ˵֮ǰһȻ
ף֪ڣһ仰Դһ֪ǷԸҵһԡ
ȸûбֱ̬Ӿ˵׵ԡ
ԣӵԵԣֻҪԣͼ֣ҲԴһǡ
΢һԣԴʮǣǿԿԴһݣԴһ
׵ǻڰ־ԴһԣԶ˵žĺôһֲ֪ҪͶ˲š
ǣô˵˵ģڳ˴󲿷ֶܹ˵ԡ
ȸΪʥˣ󲿷˵֮ʱ˼£鲻Խ˵˳ǣû˵ʲôˣܹʱ˵ԡ
һʿվ˳ǿףǿóȸǿѡ
Ҫ֪ԿǱ黹ϡٵĴڡ
Ϊĳһ仰ΪʱǾ仰ͻһصĳһЩĬʱõļӳ֡
׵ǻڰ˵仰Ϊ֮󣬴ڵаգպΣʱֻҪвͣĬ仰ôͻ漣
ԣμӴ˴Ϊ˵ԣһȻҲϣ˵ԣȴϣ˵
һֻΪ״򱧲ƽĲһ֡
ȸȻѾȸݣôͱҲĺˣȻģҲΪɡһʵڿȥŮ̲סվָ˲ȸ
翴Ů󣬸æС˵Ů䱳ҪȲȸǿָȸ
Ľܣ㿴ǸԼ˵Ůֻǿһۣ͸æջĿ⡣
ⲻΪǸŮ̫ѿ̫ˣеܲס
ҲڸŮ˳ϹϵԺҪŮҾͽˡҲС˵һ䣬޵񽻸硣
⡭Ҳһ㶣Ȼ֪жҪҪڷȴ뵽顣
ǺȻеΣǵͷӦһᾡġ
ʱƣԺаΪżŮԽԽ࣬ЩŮһرǿͬʱرԵŮʱһЩŮײţ϶Ҫ˳ֹС
ߵûһʺȥЩ¡顢ͯϣǶûо̫ĻˣЩǷ¸鷳
Ͳͬˣ˳ܣĻأȻ߱ĿģɰŮȴòѡˡ
׼Ӧв˵ϾǹȻ˼ȷʵܸӣҲûпȡ֮
һ֮׾ͰĿŵ˲ȸϣ֪ȸôԲϾȻûзŭʵǵò
ҲҪҵ˼׵ôΪأֻϣܹ˵һˣҽôڳ˵ҲԺģա
ȸ뵽οͷǸŮ󣬾ͰΪ׵飬˵һҪ׹˼һԵĺ¡
˵ͣò˶⣬ĻҲûе˳˸ļ׽֮⣬Ѿ˵ˡ
Ǽ׽ҲֻǶ˵һ䣬㱻ȸ˸סˡ
ףڻᣬÿ˵һ㶼Īĺô֪ɷ뵽һԡȸ󣬾ֿס
ˣʵҵһ仰˵ֻ仰ǲǻΪԣһҲȷ˵ʱһΪѵ顣
òȸаϲһףҪ˵ԣһĽͲ䣬ûгΪԣͻᡣ
ʱ׵϶ܵӰ졣
һ㣬ǾǼ˵İ£Ǿ仰ΪԣҲֻȫһˣȻҲеôҲ൱ڻʧȥһһ˵ԡ
Բò˵ȸյĺܣײסͽ뵽ȫ֮С
ϧȸȻ֪׵ĵơ
һ仰ԺҾͰ˵
һЦ·һ㶼˵Եĺ
СˣղһΪѣڵţ̬·˵Ըһͨ顣ȸףҪ׵пһЩʲô
˺һȸͻȻ˼âаŵѲǸԶд䲻ɣ
׵õԶɽ̵飬˵ǻϴ߹
˲ȸ뵽һ㣬ʼе㼵׵ĺˣͬʱΪԼ񷴵ָṩһˢĻеڡ
ʵ챻ʥߡʥ֮ʱоһ仰ڲȸע£ʼһ仰̵档
ŶѲһԣ̫ˣȸҪ벻ĻҲͲüˡ
ȻޱȣȴֵĺǸˣ·Ϊһ㡣
Ҵպ仰деģȻѾˣҾͳû˵ɣϣԳɾԡ
һ˵ţһߵ˲ȸߣҲλϡ
ױ۾Ȼһ
֮ʱڵ˶ס˺Ǵ˿̶رİ´ŵס

Ƭ֮ײŰһ˳˵нǿϢ

˻һվĵطʱƾһ磬粻ͨķ磬ɵķ硣
УԼԼܹڲͣź
Щ·ԶʱڵӢ飬źݣǿϢ
ֹЩڲͣźǿϢڳˣҲ̲סظǾǿϢ
˵仰ʱǶеԼһ룬Ƿڶ仰ʱǵľǿȾȻӡ
һ仰֣ͿӾǿȣ׵һ仰ضɾԡ
ֻ׵Ļû˵꣬ԵҲûȫֳĿǰڵ֮⣬Ҳûһ仰
ȻԣȻҰԭ۸֣Чеġ״ʱҲе㼤ղ仰ǳԵϵġס֮С
Ҫ֪һ仰ڵǳĳԡҲǾԡԡ
˵׸֣ȴӦ״Ӷõ˳ΪԵʸ
ڡס棬仰ԭǣнǿϢ
磬ס壬ѾӸĳ塣


106 ԴĹ
ܵǹɿı仯Ҳһ䡮нǿϢѾﵽԵҪҼ˵ȥĻ˵ԺпԴһ
ϴԴһȫһ⣬ʱ׶֪һ˵
׼ģҲ֪һԲܹôԼĻٴδ뵽ҵÿһ˶С
һˣ΢ͣƬ̵һ˼м˵Ժ
¡
Σ˵֮󣬴ֱӲ
ղŵһ仰У̺˼ΪҪĵͬʱҲ˵Ŵصһ塣
ؿԳΪǳĺȫ˳˵󣬾Ҳ֪Ĵж
ˣôصĺСǷǳģֻҪĵܹﵽصĺȣôҲԳһС
ֻ仰˵ɣҪˡ
־˭ܴﵽ
̫ˣҶ벻ĵлˡ
ضΪ֮ɼ仰ȷʵд
״˾һһ̾
֮ûãһ㿪ʼڵ˵׵仰
ĻΪʼ⴫ݿ
ҲͲʮӣ仰ѾôֳԴһǵ
磬㡣¡
һܱ֮ܿߵĳɢȥЩܱ߳еǣҲһ仰
нǿϢ
Ժ
磬㡣¡
仰֮£˶۾ʼϸ˼
ǿϢ仰Ƽ򵥣ȥĻͻᷢǻڽ̵ΰ
˵Ȼסˡ
͵˶仰˼ʱ׽ֺܿ촫뵽ǵĶС
ףԿ־ʡ
ľ䣬Դٳǡ
ٳѾһ֮ˣʱѾв˶˼˭˵ǿԡ
ֻϧǴǵһʱ䶼û뵽ס
Ϊ̫ˣȻĳУҲô˵һ뵽
ڴĻҿ϶Ϊס
ҲҪֻҪε֮ԺԴһԳ֣ô˵ǸԵ˲ףҲᱻΪס
ˮϰԳУϰ¡
䣬Դһ
һҵĳзǳ࣬ǴСǧϣص۹ǰڣҪǴСǶϵĻҪˡ
ԴһͨȻ޷֪ģΪǵĸ֪ޣЩʥߡִѧʿȸ߽׵ĴھͲͬˡ
˵仰ʱ֪⼸Ѿһˡ

ĺԺڡ
һϺڳۣվֻۣʮ׵Ļ󣬵һӳǸæ׵Ļ
дֵʱ򣬱ʼ⾹Ȼɢ͵¹⣬ʸ֮ҲһõС̫
£ҪǱ˿֪ʲô롣
׵⼸仰ټ¼Ϻ۾
ԴѾ˴Դһ
ӦԵķΧбһζ
ΪĺԺԺȻģʵѾһʮˡ
ڻôУҲ˵һЩԣϧÿһҲԴһǶѣеĻֻԴһѡ
ˣ֪ԴһʲôĴڡ
ȻһֱҪ˵ԣ̫ѵãЩҲķ˵֮˲ġ
ȲģҲļʥߣΪǵ˵Ҷ˽⡣
ĺԺԺ΢˼Ƭ̣ͷһˡ
ôǸ꣡
ڣĺԺԺ뵽ףΪòֻ漣ĴڣŻ𾪵
롣Լķ
ĺԺԺ뵽Ǹ˿ܾ׵ʱһ뵽ĶС
һ֮£ķΧܿͻ˴ֱһݳȥ
Ҳ˵˵֮ʱĻѾݵ
󣬶ҡѽϰ
һ䣬ԴĹ
˵ʱͻȻеԼرƣͬʱľҲһ˲ɣúе㿪ʼ
ǣײûдʹסڡ
һ㲻طҪǿԲŻȰҵĸɾȻڰǿһҪһ˵꣬õĺôࡣ
ΪԵĴߣ׿Ը֪ԼĻﴫ˶ԶȻоģҲ֪ԼԴŴĸҡ
ԼѾǳˣ׵Ŀ겢ֻҪĽԴ߹
ɽޡ
Ϣ֮˵֡
ۣ
ǣ͵׸˵ʱͻȻһںѪ
ѪͨɫǺɫѪޱȣ͸©˶ĵĳζ
ܵܣ
ȸҲ׵ĻУɵѪ󣬸æܵ׵ߡ
˿̣Ժгı⣬Ҳûˡ
û߼ǰ
ʲôÿ
ȸԼ䱩ʱɢͬʱһǿƣֱӱ岽
ȸ㣬㿴֪ԼȸƣǸæ͵ȻѪˣ³ʡϸһ룬Եǲ˺ӦǷ֮ڰ塣
һ㿴ĺ֪ȻеǺ飬ʱڱȸϵĻһָʲôʱŻ
ʣ壡
ȸôһѣܿ뵽Щʲô
ĸ˵ĵһʣЩʻɢȳĺɫҺųĵڶѪҪᴿѪҺϸѪҺͻᱻԺѪ͹µǾѪ
ȸΪߣԶߵϵرûеһʱ뵽һѣͻȻĵ˵ͷ
ʵкܶȸһڿѪ֮󣬵һʱΪˡ
ֻЩȽ˽ԼЩǣſó׿ޱȣʵȴھͨ˶飬ǾǷ塣
ط壬ɲͬԼ
Ҫ֪ͨһӶԴﵽѪĵزΪѪҪߵ־֮
޷־һѾ˵ˣһҲﲻһز
ǣⲢ˵һûС
Ŀǰԣְ취ĵز
һд巽桢顢ʥ飬һдɹõ塢ѪҲпܵġ


107 Ѫ
Ҫĵһʵͺѣڶѡ
Ϊڶû˳Թǵõ׵ġƵȻԼԼŲ塣
Ҫ֪ڶķĿǰֻвʮ֪Ǽ棬ʵÿһûҪȥױҲˡ
ɴ˿ɼڵõǶôˡ
ʵڿʼܵԼҪѪʱҲһȣΪԼҪѪĲ״ء
Լ³ǺѪǾ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ѫаһ
ʵܶ˶ΪǱ壬Ѫֻǿ١ֱӡЧķѡ
ʵϣܵľĵڶѪ
Ϊ׵ˡƵ֮󣬾ѾΪ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵ȻûжɳҪ˶ǿ̶ȣʥ߶ûᲢۡ
ڵѪҺҲǷǳѪֻð֮ʱ̫ˣѪǺǿ
һεѪٿǵѪҺ
һεѪԺҵİȫϵ͸Ӹˡ֪Լ׬ˣΪѪҪǻ׸Ӱȫ
֪嶼ǷǳСģҲһ㡣
ǵ˴ѧʿԻ黤󣬵޷ı顣
ҪԸǿɱҪɱһͬϺܶࡣ
ʹ¶ͳ䲻Ĵɱô̫ˡ
Ǹ߽ߵĻȲ˵ͨĶԶǣжҲߣȻѰ
ر߼Ķҩſ԰һ˲䶾ĶҩȻǳˡ
Ͳͬˣʥ֮µרҽ챦⣬öû̫취
ֻҪһЩ΢߼һĶҩͿԶһѧʿ
˴ѧʿǵʳǳע⣬ʳֶʱǻʤġ
ԣǶдʱܹõֻҪ壬ôǻ޷õߵǿ壬ҲҪһǿϲ١
ʱ򣬶ԶصȻҲߺܶࡣ
ȿȣ
׸ļ˵ͻȻһԣȻ³һںѪ
һεѪ׵ƣˡ
òˣȻ˳˺ϡ
εѪѾʧȥվŵ
Ȼڰ壬еñʧʵǿڵһ塣
׵ܵһ˿Ӱ졣
ĺôǻỺ˲һ˶պ󶼻仰˵ҲͶʣǾԲͶʡ
΢Ϣһڣ߰˴Ѫ׶µɫ԰ʱ׶Ҳˡ
ڼ䣬һһֱû˵ѾҪɢˡ
Щٴʥߣڸܵ󽵵֮ж̲ס̾һ
Դ߹𣬿ϧˣ
ղŵͷǰ󣬾ȻֻԴĹÿϧ
Ӧ˰оûнôǸԵ߾Ͳ˵ˡ
Щʥ߸еϧ⣬ʥ߷
Ͼʥ߼ǶĴڣڶ֡Եļⷽ棬ų
֪׵ǰ߾Ȼżĵôн
׷ʲôǲǱ˸˼
̫ϧˣԼ֤Դ߹ԣǾȻûг֡
˭˵ԣһҪס
ʱƣһЩʥߡִѧʿʼΪˡ
ΪһʧĻ׾ڰѺĻ˵ȥҲ³ˡ
Ҳķ򣬴˾Ǵˡ
һݵӶΣһƪ¡һ֡һ仰ֻܹһΡ
дµĻǽҲֻֽλ󣬲Ե
ҪĴˣôʵ̫ϧˡ

ڡ
ױĿϣϢԼ״
˿̣Щ֮ڵˣĶаϣ׸ϿۣȻ˵Ļ
֮ǰаѻ˵һ룬Ѫˡ
ԣǺϣװʣµĻ˵꣬ȻĽ
ЩոոϵĺִѧʿдѧʿԼеʥǣǴ˿̸ż
ΪһĴڣ֪׷ЩѾԴĹˣֻҪ׼˵ȥĻͻԴ߹
һԴ߹Ļôÿһ˵һĵ飬ͬʱ˻һɡ
Ҫ֪ǧûһԴ߹Գ֡
ס廢£һɣôضһЩʱ䣬ס忼ǷҪս
ˣЩѧʿִѧʿԼصʥǲŻᵣǺ;ᡣ
֮Եǣ״λᡣ
֮ԾᣬΪǲ֪ԼǷҪȥס
׵Ļпܻ׵˼׵ĻǰѺĻ˵ꡣ
ʱƵĻףЩѧʿִѧʿԼʥǡ

ǰΪһ亹ʱ³һ۾
˫۾
һ˲䣬ױȽϽļͻȻ׺ڱ֮󣬱һЩͬˡ
ֵ۾ΪҸо׵۾֮ǰͬˣ
۾ͬˣͬˡ
û֮ǰ׵͸¶˷ܡϲȸ඼ӵе񣬿ڵȴûκ˫۷·ȫΪ˹۲ڵġ
һЩĹ۲ϸ΢ǾЩϸڶܹ֡
û񣬺ÿֲһʧȥǲͳΪʬ𣿡иŮΪ̫ףӶ仰˵˳
һ˵꣬ܿһȺӵĿ˵Ϲ˵ȷʵûˣò˶ӦþͻָӦǷ
𣬿϶Ƿɵ󡣡
Ҫס
иѧʿ˫Ҫۣæ֯ǡ
Ҫ֪׽ĻпܻԴ߹Ϊ󳳴ֶʧȥ˼·ôȫɱԴ߹ʧ
ѧʿҲܴ֪һԼ仰ѾԴĹ˵ƿ϶һЩƲסԼ顣
ǣѧʿֻǿ˱죬û˵ڵжôҪҲû˵Ҫ飬׻жô𺳡
ٿףȻ۾ʵϾѾ뵽˼ʵƣС
ΪѪϺ󣬾Ϳʼǿȡ


108 鸽
ǰҲ׻û˫۵ʱ
ʱط꣬״̬Ҫżľʹࡣ
ʹĳ̶ȣǧУ״̬֮£ŵԽã֮õĺôͻԽࡣ
Ҫǣ״׸޷˵
ʵֹ׻ˣֻҪԴﵽԴĹ֮󣬶顣
ҲΪֱʣǧûܹԴ߹ԴĹˣҲ
ǣײʧµʱ򣬾кˡƵȻƵ֮ͨ
һ̣֪ƾԼʵ޷˵һ仰ܹ֮ұ˰æˡ
ܹﵽˣӦܹﵽĴڣĿǰֻǸص֮ˡ
װаѡƵٻǰŰ֮ԣЩѧʿִѧʿԼʥ߲ûзһ㡣
Ƶǰ֮飬ҪϢĻʥҲѷ֡
֮Ҫ˵һ仰ѹסڵʹ࣬˵һ仰
׸֮ĶԻҪ˵ֻҪʶнɣˣײҪ֮Լ
ףڵ̫ðˣ֪жڹע㣬һ㱩¶˸ҵĹϵɡ֮ûеһʱףȾжôΣա
ҵȷʵðգΣգҲˣ𣿡
һʼֻǱԵ̬֮ʱ֪˾ٿС
֮Ի֣Ϊ˼Ĳֲĸ֮£ʥҲңҪҰĻͲͬˣΪʱϻȸ󡣡֮ԭҲ֪ڵ
Ҳǣ֮Զǿ飬¾Բǰðա
󣿡
һ㶣漴뵽֮ǰȸ״̬Ϊȸʱȸ̫ˣһʱ׶еڶΡ
ȻⲢϲȸǰȸֻȸ֮ʱǹ״̬رˡ
ȵȣĪ֮˵а˼ȻҲԴ߹ɲĿ֮±Ůԡ
а̾һ󣬱˵ŮԵĻˣ̫ס
ʱѾˣȻʧȥԴ߹ĻᣬҲõ˺ܶĺôֵˡ
Ůԣˡ
͵׶ʱ֮ȴͻȻ˵ڵ״̬ûа취˵طʱҲûа취㿪ڣľǸϣȻ㿪˵ǣһҸòƾͻܵҵӰ죬ʱһ̬
֮һߣ仰ϣ
˼ǣҲŮˣΪһˣ׿ɲֱ仯
ᣡ֮϶˵
Ҳ˵Ǹ˵ֻƻ䣬״̬
׻ȸʱı仯ʹ²µԼʲô
Ҹ֮ƾͻᱻҵǣʱΪһĴڣֻҲᱻҲ֮һ㣬׸ԼϢΪҲбʾǳ⡣
ȻˣǾͰҰɣҲʧȥᡣ˾
ΪǸ״̬ûʲôõġ
ȻϢ϶ڳе˶ǳ⣬ɵʱֻҪطһƾͺˡ
зϢڸǣҲû˷֮ĳ֣֪֮ס
ףһҲס
֮ûеһʱӦףһʡ
ԣԴӽӴ׵ڣһζ׸˵˼ʡ
֮ǰйͥ飬ֻ֮Ǻ⣬Ϊоͥ·Щϵ
ˣҪ֮⣬û̫뷨֮ʣҲͬʱײ˺档
뽲
Ϊʲôңһҵһϰѣ
֮⣬˵ʵĸ鲻ر˽⣬ȴ֪໥Ѹ飬Ȼ֮ΪԼΪԳƲ׵ѡ
ǣ׾ȻʱһǰȻȻͷ·һ㡣
ָо֮һֵĸоָоǳ·ǸеЩɣַ·Ϊ׵ѡеЦҪǣôӾȻеһ˿֡
ָо֮ûйѾǺܾúܾǰֿǴͬܵģһྐྵȻָо֮Ե治˼顣
ŹͬĵˣҲŹͬ棬Źͬ㣬ȻˣҪҵĻˡ
׸ʱһһţȻԸϻԻشʱҲֱ˵
仰ش׵ﻰ
֪֮ҪԼҲ֮ȼƽϵĻ֮״İһЩ
ȻеķҪ֮
Ҫ˵Ĺϵ֣׾ԱץȻ󱻹ֱ֮ȴֱߡ
֪ˡ
֮׵Ľͺиоһ˿ʧ䣬Ȼ׵Ļش⣬ǹʧ䲻һӾʧˣϾ֮࣬ɲѾרעڸ档
Ҫ˵ĻҰɣһҪˡ֮ȷ׵뷨󣬾Ϳʼѯһ仰
ɽޡ˼λ
׿ٰεһ仰˵
һ˵꣬ʶнžͱһ׹⣬׵Ҳ˫ۡ
磡
˫۵һɲǣһɵѹͿʼɢֻѹԵڸסˣû˲
˵Ȼûκ˫ۣȴǱ󲿷˶
ҺãЩ˶һڷ׵ı仯󣬵һʱΪǷɵĺй۲׵ʥҲ⡣
Ҫ֪Ŀǰ࣬ûһǰۼԴĹľҲ֪˵֮˻кͱ仯
ױ֣ҶȻĽܡ
ˣ
˫֮Χðһںϵİ׹⣬Щ׹֮󣬾Ϳǰγһۡ
ۺ˲ͷ·һһ㡣
⡭ôˣ
Ʊˣܹܵ״˿̴һּΪص״̬Ѳˣ
׵ϢȻһֱĻƶϲ
ԾȻ仯治˼顣
ʶˣ̫ʶˡ
׻ΪģҲû˻ûȥķȥ룬ǶΪ˵ǿԺȻ仯
ңֱ仯ᱻдڡʷǡ֮УԺΪο


109 Գ
֮ɹϺüϤһ壬漴㿪˵׸ղŸһ仰
ɽޡ˼λ
һȳ߹𶯡
˵һ仰ʱڴ߹
һ̣߹ڵˣжʼĬ׸ո˵µİ˾仰
ֻЩеÿһ䶼ǳĻǴ̫̫ĵһʱ侹Ȼû˿͸˾仰ıʡ
ʵ˵ǿ͸ˣԭ߶ܹ͸Ϊ˾仰˴ϵ⣬ǻһصĸ
ԣ
Ǭ㡢롢ޡҡ
׸ղŵİ˾仰Уÿһ˵ġ
ֻϧһױ֮⣬ûһܹһ㡣
ңҲûԵľ壬ⲻһӰ죬ͬʱһдйذ˰Ե鼮ôҲԻɾΪʥ飬ǰ֮顣
ʱ׵ҪܼĸɲҪġ
УǰԵ壬ǲڡ硷ˡ
ӦǶԣӦǶⷽԣԲã塢塢һ壬Щó޵ȵȣõġ
ֻҪһķõĸı䣬һպһͨʯͷܹʶȻгɾ
ʱⷽķչضᳬ
ʱܹƿصʱԾ̫ˣԻֲɿƵĳ档
ڵʱѾˣ׿ɲϣڳӣڶʱڣǲȥκйڰԵ»ǻ

ˣ
׵Դ߹ʱΧֳһǿҵĲžһС͵̫׵ࡣ
̫һ׵ͱһ⣬ⲻͣ׵ᴿİ֮壬ǿ֪ǿͬʱҲøӼ͡
֮󣬻һ³׵Ҳ࣬һʱдֱ֮ӹ뵽׵ڡ
֮ǻָˮͬʱҲǻָǿȵ
ֻ޷ԳЩѧʿ֮⣬֪һ㡣
ڣ׵õ֮Ĳͣ룬ܿͻָѸ
ͬʱ֮ҲϴξȻҲҵΪҲԵʣҲõ˺ô
һ̣ڻָ֮Ҳڻָ
ΪҲ׵УһЩȻȻľͱõˡ
һ֮ǳ⡣
׵ʱõ࣬˵֮Ǻ嫵סˣջǸģһ˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
Уɽ˫ģһǿһǿꡣ
ᣬһᣬһֱҶҪӡͶ򴫡еõţ֮ǰҵ̫СˣһҪС壬Ļ̫ϧˡ
֮ܵĳ׺ԥľʹ㿪ʼ
͵״һ˲䣬֮ɵƬâͻȻһ˸ͿСۣΪһɫӰĶ档
ɫӰοȥһԿһŮԣֻò׸
ˣҲ֪Ӱ˭
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Ӱ˲䣬׾˵ţӰ֮
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ⲻײܾ֪ΰ֮Լȥ
ڣȻ֮ҲģģΪΪ֮Դ˲Լʵӡ
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˵֮ҲͲ룬ʼ˼ŹǾȻȥԼա¡
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ĶҪ۾ĸʵ
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յĹУ֮Ȼ֪ǿ϶ٱֻܹհ˷֮һʣµߣֻܹա
˷֮һԭˣ
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˿ʼԹԵ
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״̿ͷǳżֻܹ֮ܵ꣬ûİ£Щ֮ʮ֮һӲ
ײûзֻ֪Լôѡϵһǡ
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Ĺ£׼Ĺ£ȡϵµҲ˺ס
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һװղƽ⣬ô³ضǻɢˡ
˵ڻղ棬ŷͬʱֶȽţ˾Ǿһͬ¡


110 ̫
Ҫ£ȾҪģĵĻױʹǸ
Ǹǹ֮
׹֮ʱ֮ҲӦһ㡣
׾Ȼҵ񣬶һôѲûнģ֮Ҳ벻׻Լġ
Ϊ֮붨͵ڹ֮۾С˵ֻȡɶѣ˵Ļ͵ȡ֮
Ҫǣ׻֮ȡҪǷԶʱ֮Իֱɱס
ڵĻ֮Ĳô
У֮ʵûбȡΪҲȥĸ뵽ĵ״̬
ĵһࡣ
ˣƵʹҵ뾫״̬ôպҵĹϵι̣ʱҲҵļƻ֮ڿɲʧȥ
Ҫףھķӡ֮֮ˣǸŵ飬ʶ֮֮ڳ֮󣬳˭ûϵ

ײ֪֮뷨ʱ
׿ֻǽ֮һѣ˾Բʲô󰭵ġ
ֻԼ뷨ѣҪ֪ʹ֮񣬻֮ȡϵĻƳصʱ̣ȻԲġ
֮ȥһ
𰸣Ȼǲᣡ
ͬԣ
аһ漴һʼԼ̫Ļ
ʵͨ˵ĻҪһҪĻѣҺ֮Сš
ò˵Сŷǳĺãʹʱ˲ͽ뵽˾ĵ״̬
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳʼ£
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ûһ˵ߵҲһܲҲûа취ƾ壬ȥֱӲ֮
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ʹõεĳ̶ȣôҪǶ֪ˡ
⻹ҪһǰᣬǾ֮˵С
ڣȻһֱڣɴûȥ˵ǸҲûȥдص鼮֮Ҳûбƿع
ǣȴͬƾŰ֮ԣټϡͶ򴫡еֱƿ֮
һֺܸ߼һƿصĻ϶ٳɳ
һֵһᣬǾĿǰΪֹȻ鼮֪˽ľˮ硢ѩȵȸﲢûоĻֳѧ˵
ѧ˵ûг֣͸ѧ˵
ˣ飬ΪԼͬʱ˵Ҳǵڴһ֪ʶϵ
ϵĿǰֻԼã˵Ļʱǲ֪ģװЩѧ˵д鼮
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ʱ׵ľٶû֮е𾪣̫ͼֺ֮ڸܵͼĸĪ⡣
̫ͼ̺ϧȫ˾֮²͸ʲô֪ͼԼҲãŴá
ΪʲôһָоѲһţһԽţ֮Ȼܲϣȴòһ㡣
οѾ׵Ͽ̫౾óϵ硶Ͷ򴫡硶ƵղԴ߹䣬ǻϵ¡
ּһ̫ͼԶŵΰڣò׵ʡ
ּĴڣʣǸҲûһܹ
ҶȲף͸Ҫסˡ
ͼʲôȻ׽ҵôҲͽһͼɡ
֮Լ˼һӰҲ˲仯ΪһƬ׹⣬һźâƾճ֣֮꾹Ȼ׵棬Ϊһźڰɫ̫ġ
ڰɫ̫ͼ̫ͼҲ˵֮ģ߾Ȼı׻á
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Ҳ֪ͼʲôȻƺܼ򵥣ȴ·̺źܶණ
֣ҿǴѧʿȴҶͼʱȻӿġ
ֹҲˣ
Ϊ׵̫ͼٴѧʿִѧʿܵĹ졣
ѧʿµȻû⣬·ͼǿЩǿĴѧʿִѧʿһ㡣
ʥߵĻͲö˵ˣǿӰ첻ʥߡ
쿴ֳһͼ
ֳһͼȻ֮ǰǸҾȻȻֻǿͲֱˡ
˼飬ǲ˼鰡
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Ϊ̫ͼеʱ֮γɵ̫ͼҲ׵Ľ¡
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Уټ֮Щ仯˱öǻһ㡣
ֻϧľ󣬲ʲô˶ܹȥģЩͨߣ࿴۾ͻᱻڰ̫ͼˡ


111 
⡣
ִѧʿվһ𣬹۲졢ڵ
󣬵续һִѧ˵Լ뷨ͻȻ̾һ䡣
Ȼ续ֺβûһһִѧʿͻȻһѡ

һִѧʿԵеɻ
ң뷨һ˶еĸо
棬ȻҲ٣лΪȥΪĻΪȡʹõĹߣִڡ
ȻҲ˵ûлҸЩԶʱڵӢۻߵȵȴڣĿҲΪ˺ǵӢ顣
ŵ˵ûκκôģ⼸ִѧʿŸͻ˷ֽ
Ͼǰ˵ʵ֤ʵŵǾԲܳΪ黭ġ
ڵʱ̼¼黭ȥʹֽҲ𻵵һ졣
ֽģִѧʿֻоԲ׵ݡ
ˣһʱȻûֱ
ϸһ룬Ȼڻû˭ܲڰôȵǧԺ󣬻ܹ׵Ӣ顣
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Ҫ֪켶ֽʱεȵϡ٣ֽһҺľܹõģһҳֽļֵֵһ˽ˡ
ԣҪ켶ֽЩִѧʿȷʵݳһ㣬ǲҪһĽڣ֮󱻴ѧʿѧʿ䡣
켶ƷֽɣֻҪôǧԺ󣬻ǴٻӢֵĴڡ
׿ʥߣӢܹٻôͿʹʱ򼴱֮٣˵԰ǰȻȹ
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ʱֹȥʱպִѧʿҲڰڵ״̬СĻ켶ֽ档
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Ŀ̻֮£Լ켶ֽ֮£׾ͺı뵽˻һ㡣
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պִѧʿ֮вɵĸ̾һ䣬Χ
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Ҫ֪׵Ѿߵ˼㣬ҪΪ׵λᣬɾҪˡ

˺һպִѧʿֲû鷢һ
ҺûиŵףҲҺֵ켶ֽȻСֽͨҲԻᱻ˺顣
̾ҺúպִѧʿͿʼ滭̫ͼ
̫ͼʵǺܺûģǶִѧʿԣֻ˲һӵʱ䣬ͽ̫ͼ׵ͷ֮ϡ
̫ͼĳ֣ûûٶȳʲôѰļƻҲúִѧʿٵԼӰ쵽ףȥڶ̫ͼ
ڶ̫ͼ֮ĺڰ̫ͼҪ̫ͼûΪڰ̫ͼǣɫ
һΣպִѧʿֻ˲ʮӵʱ䣬ͰѺڰ̫ͼ켶ֽ֮ϡ
䣡
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ֻЩȻǿᣬ̫ͼʱ̫ͼֻһתͰǵȫյ˻֮С
֮㣬ڵ⣬ֳһ׳۵
⡭ôպִѧʿ˼ĿգôҲ벻ԼĶȻôĶ
֣ĻȻΪ黭̫˼顣һִѧʿ侲ϸԷ֪ʲô顣
ܣȻûȥ滭ŵˣڵ伮Уǰǲܶ಻ͬ𣬿ûһ滭һŵˣһΪ黭պִѧʿе㲻š
ˣܹΪִѧʿĴڣЩ٣ѾԽ˰Ĵڡ
ǵѾˣһΥ֪Ĵڣһʱͻȥ
ǰ˼Ȼôʵ飬ô˵ǵ˵ûд׿ɲǳˣ䣬ĳɾͣΪЩĻԳΪ黭ִѧʿ˵Լ
ִѧʿеģһ˵ִѧʿæϷ״Ҫ׻ɾͼƷ黭
ףҲΪĳ֣Ӷܵһڤڤеٻ
֣ʲôʱңǹɺҵȻϤͬյһ㡣
״̬µףųĸ֪˵ʼٻʱһʱͲ˻Ϥ
ͬʱ֮ҲͣʼȥǸٻ׺
гһ⻭ݾȻס֮ǿȻ׵ڣҲܹȥ顣
һ׾ҪĻͲ֪κ顣
ڤڤеٻ׶޷ֻֿܹԼƶ޷ȥľٶ


112 
״ʱûй۲֮С
֮ڿǸݺûаٻͷųһ׵ӿٶȷɵ˻ԡ
ǰʱʱ󷽹â
ţǻе׾Ȼֱ˳߳ȻòΪ֮̾
׳󣬾Ϳʼϥ׵Ķ棬Ȼյ¾֮ݸס
İ׵ܿʹﵽĳһضĵϡ
꣡
Ż׵İױ˵ͻȻһ˿Ѻۡ
ѺۿƺСȴٵɢ̫ͼȻֻ顯һ̫ͼ㳷ˡ
̫ͼ֮ײûǿٵװһоͬƶһ㡣
ɹԼˣֻΪλ·һ̫ۣ
׾̫ͼıը֮Լ۳Ϊˣֻ״̬ǹ죬е㻳С˵ǲꡣ
û취ʵ׵״̬̫ࡣ
׵۾ȻɢŽɫâۻɢɫâǴһ¾֯ɵݻ̫ͼۡ
˶״׵ʱ˼Ĳࡣ
ԼҲõһ㣬ֻõΣ㿴Ҳ޷ı䡣
иˣȻЩ죬Ҳֻˡ׿Լ״̬̲ס̾һ䡣
֮㷢ԼܹյʼԽԽСʱֹȥ˼ʱڻ⣬ʧ֮䡣
ʧһ̣̫ͼͬʱΪޣӻ߳ףҲص˻С
һʱ䣬еȫʧ׻Ưڰ֮⣬һжָ
ױˣҲƿԼõȨ
ף˼ˣʮڲҪںңַ֮ĽѾ󣬾͸׽һ䣬Ȼ뿪׵壬֪ȥ
ĴҴ뿪ҲֻĬĬĵ׵ͷʲôûж˵
ң֮뿪õ˲䣬Ҳָ״̬
ĸоøˣĸѤˣǸǿ󡣡ȭͷĿתƵ˶һ
黭һݻң˼׶ŻϸƬ̣ͶŻһץȡǰ
֮׵ȥȻݶ֮ϡ
ţ׾üͷ
ܸ߰ôģ״˿̾Ϊһ㷢
֮ǰƯУʵǱƿոȥģľˣȻҲ޷ƿͻȥ
ֻܹԼȥˣƵǣʮ㣬Ȼǿ˲٣ҪȥĻɵ
龭֮񣡡
װԼ˱㣬õֻⱾ龭ˡ
ֶײûУͨҲҵô˵ʹó
ˣע׵Ŀɵðʮȥ㣬һʹ˽ƣòͻᴫ߹
ʱ򣬿϶жȥ̽ıеͨһͻǳ鷳
׾ֻ˶Σʹò֮ȨȻΪһʵסԼȻȥ
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ص˲䣬ΪŸӦµһûվȣһԵڵϡ
ΪһҲܿ춼ع
¡顢硢ȸҲæǰѯ״
磡
ܵܣ

ף
ĸƺһ׶ʱ͸еһͷʹ漴æŮĻ˵˵ˣûʲô£ڷǳĺãǰδеĺá
ʵ׸ոյõôĺô˿Ȼûȷʵ߱ǿҲҡ
˵ڵǲõľˡ
ң˵׵ǲ࣬ƾľԣֻҪ㹻ңͿԷӳʥһɵ
£ֻʥ߲ܹʹóʥʥߵĻǺִѧʿֻܹӳһֵ
Ҫʥ֮Ļ͵˵Ϊײûаʥ֮ǽ롣
ʥ֮Ļô׾ͿԷӳʥ
ǧСɵΪѾ㹻Խɱˡ
ô˵ֻһҪǲٳдȥսĻĳɾѾǰ޹ˡ
磬ȥɣ´׵˼ͻȻ˵ôһ仰
ţ
ҲҪģɲǰֱͣ˵ϡжĸоʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ׻һҪ
֪ǺλһԼĻΧߺһ
ĶԼ˸е棬ҪǣҲҪһΪ黭жѣγɾ黭ġ
˻Ϸð֮Ӽ£׵Ļһ䣬Ϊպִѧʿʱվ˳
˵ʵҲϾҲʥ֮µλߵĴˣһװԼһ٣ôҲ˵ҪԼҪ
ȣҲֻܹţܹ졣
ò˵պִѧʿ˿Ҹضȥ
λǰˣİҲŶõ˲ٺôڴлǰˡ
׼պִѧʿ󣬲ûָԷǶһл
Ȼʶպִѧʿˣ׼ԷһӣΪԼѻǵ˵֮׾Ͱѻպִѧʿϡ
õ֮պִѧʿȻǿϲѣΪΪԼǱסˡ
Ͼ˻ûҽǰôװѻҲᱻ˵ǿȡᡣ
ǣ׾Ȼѻ˻ȥͻı仯պִѧʿЦ
ǰиҪ̣װѻ֮󣬾ҪѯԼʵһ⡣
Ӳؿʲô˵պִѧʿһӣǳʡ
պִѧʿΪԼҪùˣ˭׾Ȼһ㶼⣬Ȼ鲻á
ʱҪǿڸףҪȢŮԥĴӦΪ׵Ʒ
ϧ˵ˣ׶ܡ
ǰ֪ô黭ġ˵ʡ
ͨΪ黭ȻرҲ֪һ㡣
֪У֪һ滭ĻǲΪ黭ġ
Ǹ滭ǿĻܹΪ黭
ˣ׶һʾǳĻɡ


113 
պִѧʿһʣʱеͨ죬Ҳеš
ԴΪִѧʿǵһθеȡ
ȵԭ򣬾պִѧʿ֪λش׵⣬ⲻش׵⣬֪λش

ĬƬ֮պִѧʿ̾һ˵˵ʵҸղŻʱ򣬲ûΪΪ黭ֻѽôؼʱ̼¼պѧͺ˽ѡ
պִѧʿ޷ش׵⣬ֻýһԼ׵ԭʣɡ
ѵ˵ǰûΪ黭ȻǸ𰸣оһ䡣
˵ֻӦóɾ黭ģɾ黭Ʒ׻͡Ҫǣɵܰﵽӣ⼸ԣҲе㲻⡣պִѧʿҲ˵˳
һִѧʿ˽ЩһҪô˵ϣպִѧʿ˵ȷʵܶˡ
ûжȥΪҶ֪Ϊɾ黭
ôǰɷѻʱų׸һ£
׼պִѧʿ޷شԼ⣬ָһ⣬ΪѾ뵽ԭ
ԭ޷ȷԾֻܹڴһ¾鱨
Ȼԡ
պִѧʿͷ˵ҲѣҲûʲôҪܵġ
ӣһʱߵ·Ӧһͼʱ黭ͻȻˡպִѧʿѻ滭ʱ鶼˵һ顣
˵֮Ҳ˴𰸡
ôһ㣬ۿ˴𰸣ЩʥҲ²µԭ
պִѧʿ֮Բ²Ϊڵ˼ңҲһʱû뵽Ҫܹȥϸ˼Ļͻ֪Ϊʲôˡ
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵û˵
ԺֻǶպִѧʿһ˵ǰƱ
һ䣬׾͸˻ص˴֮С
ûãʱд嵽պִѧʿǰҪĦ׵Ļ
ҪؽеҪռ֮ĳ֣պִѧʿڵļ壬ʱͳΪ˴ֿȵļ塣
һʱ䣬ܶ˶õ׵Ǹ黭

ڡ
׻صԼķ󣬱ȥڵķϢǹغŴ㹮һԼ꣬˳ʵһԼ
£ڱȸˣԾףҲûа취
ΨȽУڵŮС£׻ûн״̬ʱ׵ķǰ

󣬲ûֱŽȥ˼š
ɣ
󣬾ͶŴһץ˷š
һץɣʵϸղûʹκȫƾžһֻȥץġ
ȾãѾԽšʿһ
ˣ
ͷŴ֮ԺͻȻһ֮漴ʶһģҸеһġ
Һã״̬ûг̫ʱ䣬Ҳͼӵʱ䣬׾ͻָ
ܣֻһ¾ͰѾĹˣû뵽ֱþȻѡа̾һҲû뵽״
ղţֻǴʵһԼڵľεʵǳɹҲǳ
˵һ򵥵Ĵ򿪷ţȴֱ׽ȫľ뵽˼״̬
Ϊ˲׻ֻװûκһ㣬´ӵ˴ߡ
С౾ҲŽģ׸ڴߣʱ߳׵ķ䣬ȻٰѷŹϡ
ʱС໹һصЦݡ
ףʵû飬ǿ㣡ʣԼˣĪľͽˡ
ˡὫӵ뻳У˵ҲЩ˵
Ҫ˵ȥҵ飬Ϊ˲µģҲΪ˲֪ʥ飬ֻܹƭ˵Լȥʥ顣
ʥߵƣһ·İȫȻû˵ˣһعϵҲûа취Ҫߡ
Ͼʥɲͨ˼ңºԣҲⷽΪ׵ġ
Сһ㣬ס֮ǣҵǻ᲻һеĹ㡣Ҳ֪Լ˵Щʲôֻܹעⰲȫ
Уʱ棬оԼԽԽԶǴ棬Ǵ鷽棬׳˾޴ľ롣
Ϊܹ׵ĽŲԼһҪĺԺȻٶԼ֪ʶ
Ѿ֮ǰˣֻӵ㹻ܹײС
ΪĿ꣬Ѿ˶ʱڲ׵Ĵ㡣
ʱķ룬Ϊǳõء
֪Ƚ϶࣬ⱲǲḺġ׷Ĭæڽһ䡣
ףҽҪ㡣һ˵꣬ͻȻ͸˵˴ϣһϮ
ױ뷴һµģոյľʵԾ˼ĸɣȻĹʧȥ˷
˺һ֮ײŹ鰴˴ϡ
ڻʱ򡣡׺γ˼ǲġ
Ͼǲͬġ
ϰ׻ûпŵǸ̶ȣ׵ݺ⣬һ֪˽飬׻ûʲô̫Ӱ죬ҪԵԼֵǴ𣬾ǳܹġ
飬صĻԱһˡ
ףҡ黹˵Щʲôʵ֮ʹôˡ
ںҲûпǵŮСĽ£ԼߵЩŮ£ջѡ
׶ĸҲģŻܾΪҪΪˡ
ĺԺҵ֮ʱǴ֮գұ֤һ죬һΪ׵ӡһ˵ţһԱߡ
ܳʮɻھֻЩ໥ҵӣŻڶʮҳɻ顣
ĺԺıҵҪλﵽ˼ı׼
˿λߣҪΪһ˼ȾҪǧۼҪʱģͨԺһ궼ۼưٵ
ĺԺֵطҪǧ֮ҲҪʱ䡣
οǹܹõҪõҪ鼮С
Щ֮£ʲҪĺԺҵĻôҲҪꡢʱ䡣
ߡҲΪһʮͷŮʱڸɻĻҲû⡣
ô˵ڵ׸̫СˣֻΪɾͣڿֻһʮĺӶѡ


114 ȥ
鱻װοƬ֮Ҳ뿪׵ķ䣬СصԼ档
СʱϵԵ÷ǳ㵡
ǣС࿴鲻һʧӣɢź͵ϲʱθ̸һǵõԼҪĶ
ˣͲٶʣһͬȥϢˡ
㣬һҹʱܿ͹ȥˡ

ڶ죬峿
һͱºȸ
˯ģΪľʵ飬ľ̫ˣ˯ϢҲһָܹġ
Ƿ»ˮС
»׻в٣ˮսʱĹؼƷ˲Σʱײʹõġ
ĻºȸҲû
磬˵ҪһѧģȻҪȥˣѧ°״Ӵ󣬾еһȥ䳡
ÿһҶ䳡͸ǲˡ
ңͽӵҪ׵һҪʹһ䳡Ȼûʲô˵ġ
СʱȻûʲô󰭣ܿеήҡ
ףԭ
״ҸϢʱֺѧʿȴ߽䳡
׵˼ֺ󣬸æͣϵĶȻֺѧʿһѧ

ѾĺԺѧˣȻûвμʽѧʽֺΪҲΪ
ض񣡡ֺѧʿ׵һУȻ˵еĿģףѾ׼ǾҪ뿪ˡ
ɫҲһ˵ӦѾ֪йһֳּƷ뵽δɱҵж֮С
Ѿ»㱨˸Ժò˶ã߹֮ھͻῪʼչֺͨ˵֪ʵҲرġ
Ҫ֪ڿĺԺѧһҪǳµĻҲܵ˵ָ
׶һԺĺôͻ
Ժôһҫ۵ѧ˵ԺӱΪõԺͨ״չԷչΪʵĵһԺ
ҲҪеյģվ׵İȫ⡣
һʥ߲ϧ׻ҾѾסежء
ˣĺԺڿʼʱ޿̶Ҫע׵İȫҪҪĺԺҵ֮ǰôĺԺͻΪ׵ѧŪɳ׾ΪһԺ
һЩԺᶥסѹɢҲǲܵġ
ֺѧʿ֪һȻסɱ׵ϱĺԺʼ飬ֻǵڶ鲻Ǹ˭ѡ
ˣֺҲǳӣ׸һʳͰ鶼˵һߡ
ײĺԺİţʵһεĴɱͻҶ̫ΣˣҴȥȥʦ̸һ̸ȸʦ֮ȥĺԺװǰõĽ˵˳
ҪĺԺȷʵеΪѣһʱֺѧʿҲ֪ξܾס
ֺѧʿֽΣգȻʥ˵һʱѰˣһ·ϵİȫЩġ
ֺѧʿ뵽˳˼֮С
ףȥʥ޿ɺǣʱ̣ҵĻס·϶㲻ֺѧʿ˼Ƭ̺Ӻ󣬾˵е뷨
ֺ˿ľǰ״ĺԺϾǰսֺ֮Ҫ׻š
Ҳ֪·ϿܻΣգҴαװһߣȻҸ̶ӻ̻ȥңԺһ棬ԼҪĺԺԴ˻ȥѾȻΪֺļ仰ı䡣
ң׵ϸ˼֮Ǻܿеġ
˼ҪǰңҪȥĺԺֺѧʿ׵Ļ֮󣬸æ׷ʵһ˵Ͳܹκα𣿡
һȷʵܹ𵽺ܴαװһʶƵĻֺѧʿ֪һһûзɱ
У̫ΣˣҾԲֺûе˵꣬ҡҡͷ˵ʵڲУҾʥߵķ۰ȥңԳеĻԲУ
ֺΪ׵İȫǣ״˴ǰŲɸ˵ܣȻͬһˡ
Ҿɲһ۵ת򣬺ܿͻᱻ˷һ㣬ʱһڱסʥסҪˡ
׼ֺּѧʿԼѾûʲôдˣһʥ߻ֻ·һ
һֺѧʿҲʼ˼һţҲܽӶдʥ飬οдʥҪܵģһ㣬ǿдʥ³Ѱ·׾ûƭҡ
ֺһ㣬׵Ļ
һ뷨ҲͶҡˡ
ѲҪ׶һ뿪ָθĺԺָθԺ
ֺѧʿˣ治֪ԼõΡ
ʥɣʥҲͬҵ뷨ҾͶһȥңʥ߲ͬĻҾȲȥˡ׼ֺ˵һ顣
ţҲֻܹˣֺͷ漴óһʹõķ飬д˼֡
ˣ
ֲŸд²һӣһռ䲨һӾ׵˵ǰ
ӣȻʥߡ
ףҪȥңʥһֱֱĿס
ͬʱһֵĲΧǰĻ׿ܻĸоֵĲɾ׵ĸ֪߲һǰ㣬зһ㡣
ʥĳֶμңѲ˵ѣһжʱеһɡ
Ϊ˲ʥ߷ԼĻɣֻƽľ˵ԺұҪȥһˣôҶʦ˵һĻ¼ʦҲҡ
֮飬֮
ʦڣһ¾ʥ߳Ĭ
УǾ׵仰û˵ѣȥһܰȻյ˼ʥʹĳֶ̽õĴҲû˵ѡ
˵Ҳֹȥҡʥȷû˵Ѻ󣬱ͬȥҡ
ҪһͨҵѧУȻǰңڴڼԲܹ¶ݣľʱһɷõʥҪԼ¡
ûκ⣡
׵ͷ˵ʵΪԼİȫ룬һʥ߲˵Ҳôġ


115 ʱ
ʥ߰ѻ˵֮󣬾ת뿪˴
뿪ǰҲûǩʲô֤飬Ϊ׻зִġ
ϾЩɾͺպֻҪĻԲٻ£ҪҲûпܡ
ˣʥΪײԼǰ;ȥЦͬ׵Ҳ֧׵
οʥҲ֪ʥߺǿ󡢺أ˻״˴֮У˵Ļջء
ȻʥѾͬˣôһᰵаżҵӵȥѧǻѧг䵱һĶԲ˵Ļɡֺѧʿ˼Ƭ̣Ժⶨһ뿪ļƻ
ΪĺԺĴѧʿֺݵλҪͨĴѧʿǿϲ֪٣˰һЩӵȥѧһǳɵ顣
ǣΪ˲˵ĻɣǾԲܹԼȥģҪһЩʱ顣
ҰСʱʱ䣬Сʱһᰲ뿪¡顢綼ҪȥĺԺֺѧʿһ˵ţһĿ⿴һۼŮ
ȸԺѧȻܹĺԺˡ
ȸ˵Ϊ׵Ľ㣬Ϊ׵İȫ룬ϣǩ֡
ֺѧʿĻܵȸףԿóһֽд˺üԼͼԼסȸĿڡ
ֺѧʿֽݸȸʱȴֱӶ˹
֪Ϊҵİȫ룬Ž㲻ҵˣͲҪ־ˡ׶ȸǿεģΪȸѾ칬ˡ
ùֽԼ󣬾Ͱ˻Уûֱ˺
ֱ˺ĻǶֺѧʿˡ
ֺѧʿȻͬ׵׵ĽǶȥȸȷʵǼˣֺǿȸǩ͵ڸ˵ļˡ
һֺһʱе㷸ˣ˺һŶ֣صʵȷ𣿡
ҷǳȷ
ͷг˶ȸΡ
Ȼȸˣ칬ǷǳǿģȸĴףô˵ڣͻᱻɡ
ˣֽŻ£һȸġ
ܵܡ
Ȼװֽߺȸ׵񶼿Сˡ
ðɣȻҾȥ׼ˡ
ˡ
ֺһ˵ȥ׼ˣ׼Ҳܿ죬Ҳ͹˶ʮӵʱ䣬»ص䳡
ףҶѾźˣ֪ǷҲ׼ֺһͽһƽס
Ҳ׼ˡһ˵ţһ߽ӹơ
ʮ棬Ѿµǰ̸ͬʱ׻˹Ҳ˵һЩҲһЩ
磬׶Ҳ˵һЩ顣
칬飬ǰиȸһ
ȸȥĺԺΪ칬ߣװнΪʲˡ
Ȼ׼ˣǾ߰ɡֺѧʿһ˵꣬Ͷһץ˱𣬻һ쫷ʧ˴

˹ҡ
ֻǸоǰһһûмĸ֮ۡС
ףҵĸۡ鷳ҵӵܡֺͨ״󣬾Ͱطȸ׽һ¡
壬Ǹ÷׶˻ӡģϾһͱַϵ
飬Ϊ̣ΪŭӶǵѡҲпԭĺԺΪҪ봦ĻһҪԷȻŵȥ
ֺѧʿ仰̽˼ֻҪʱһͷĻȥͷ塣
ˣҲûҪΪǸ壬ϾҲǴһƷѡҡҡͷȷʵɱһЩĳӵܣ²֡
֪ûԼûдʵҲûдֻѡ
ŸҪıҪһ㱯һ㻶֡
Ȼ㲻ҼƽЩôҾѡ齨һ֧ѧȥңݾҾŹӵĻֺ׽˵һ¡
ԭˣ˶ΪҸҲϣԸû˻뵽αװΪҵĻһݾ͸ӱˡ׿ʼΪֺ˵ģֱֺ˵һ֮ײĴ㡣
һ֮⣬ҪΪҵľŹһֱӣΪĸ׵ݲߣֻһͨͥŮӣԾҲûʸʲôֺĺܵ
˵ҪݣױϾʥߣɲȥЩҪ飬Ȼպһ֪Ȳ˵ҿ϶⵽Ǵ𣬾ֺԼҲҪܵӰ졣
ԣֺ͸ɴҸȨƵӵܣһ·֮Ͼͻǳˡ
лܵһк󣬾Ͷֺл
˵ʵֺЩ֮Ŀʡ˲˼
ֻҪŶǰҼɣһ·֮ϵ飬ûʲôҪĵġ
ؿֺѧʿ˰֣漴ϵǸһָ˵ƾҵƣҾʹȥҵļ
ֺһ˵꣬ʹ׽Ժڵһ档
ֺѧʿʥߡ
ǲŸһȥӶֺһ
ض񣬷Ѿ˵ˣֻҪɺǾһʹ׷Ρǣպڵĵط岻ڳ棬ȻĻԸֺһͶҼһ
ʵҵļҲһѧʿѧʿԺĴѧʿĿɲһ㡣
ͬǴѧʿ˲ݵλǳ⣬ҲͲܴ
ֺҼһչսĻʤһԻֺҾҼƴȥҲûֺܵصˡ
еԵɣԴĲࡣ
ԺԴһҵԴǼֱ֮
ֺѧʿģһܺ壬պٸðʥߣôʥ֣߳һֱӴɱֺĻҲľ˱֤
Ϊ֮ͬʱҲǩµԼֻҪ飬ĺԺһѧֻһ𣿡
ֺҲһΪ˴±ȽϵĴڣ֪вȶԷһöԷ£ؼҪǣС
ֺѧʿģʥߵҾԻأһʥʿݳ䵱ȺСһǾԲʿģʥһ·鷳
ԼŸֺס


116 زҳ
ʿݲÿһʿôˡֺѧʿͷȻ͸ֽ˼䣬뿪ҡ
ֺѧʿһߣڶʱʣ׸Ҽˡ
ʥߣϣΪʵ֣ԸһЩų·ʲôֵҪֻҪɡܰ׵˵ȥҪǰһ
Ѳ⣬˵ĵھŸӣҲеǸԸųһƢõʱ򣬻ҲʱֻҪɡ
֪ˣ
׽ӹҼϵϣݿٶһ顣
19꣬ʮԸų
׿֮󣬾Ͷ˽⡣
ʥߣѧ翪ʼԽȴʶһȻ׿֮ĳˡ׿Ժ󣬾ʹķȥ

С
˿̣һƷײߵϸƷ
ʱһͯҴ˽
үһʿΪѧ顣ͯһһߴһ߰
󣬾ϵ飬˵ֻһѧѣΪүүҪʿǣһǸÿӵܶʿޱȡ
ȻԸųɵԵ֪ͨʿѧʱһʱ֪⡣
үʲô⣬ǶýڵΣ𣿡ͯС˵һ䡣
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˵ĲҳһûȥռΪ¼ŲҳݵֽҪռܶҳпֳ
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ү֮ǰ鱨֪ЩҳһʮţֻҪžͿ֣ҿ֮ţ˵õǴеͯ˵ʱ򣬰ѹļֻͣ˿
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Ȼҵ鲻Ǻ˽⣬;̸֪֮鷳ˣóΪһ
ԭҵڲҲִϼһﻹҽ֮ӣͦϲСӵġˣֻҪ˳ִң㵱һαķҲ޷аһ䡣
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Ҽ˵ʱԵúʧ䡣
үүҡ
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Ӧһ׶࿴ۣûд㿪ѯʣҲûдϸȥ飬Ͼ˭ûеܡ


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Ҳһ㲻ͬǾ֪ĳܣ֪׵ʵݡ
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ʵǲŸոմԽģֱתϵĻʮǰͻΪѧʿҲ˵ء
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ΪĿǰԣκ֮Уûһ˵Ժ
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ʿ֮Ա֮ΪʿǾûκеĸ飬ֻε
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ҪʿĴ̫ˣͨļ𣬺һļҲֻܹʿ
ϣ׸Ͻֻ֣Ҫһ֣ôپͻһ衣


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һΪ׳ˣΪһ뿴˳ˡ
ϺͣⲻǾŵ벻ȻҲõѧʸǲ˼顣˵һֳֳۣȵ
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ȻǱϾֵܣ·ΣһᱣġĹ˵Ҹطȥˡ
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֧ΪѧֻһһеߣÿһжҪٰһᣬĿҡ
ֻҪҵĳоٰ󣬾Ϳֱӳ۷شˡ


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죬ѧ˴ľڣǸǵ˴ľС
кѧҲǵ;ᣬһûвμӣȴῪʼ֮ʱ׽еķС
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ײŸո߽Ϳóһ飬ȻȫעУٻһ
үҪ𣿡Ķ϶ʱͳ˾ᣬԼԵĲʡ
ǰһµѧҲӦ÷ĸһֱڼ˰ɡˣǻõǸֻܹˡ仰Ƕ˵ģǶͯ˵ġ
ʵҲܲģȷʵǳƽ
ֶԱƿأͨ˸
Ͷ˵һһ˵ţ֪һҪԼ
ʵϣֻһʿȥ²˵ʲôҽ˵ʲôҲӦ
ײһʿеǺ棬ټһ˶顢ҲȷʵûǱ㿪ˡ
үӦֻ𱣻İȫҶܡ׵˲˵ʱһ䡣
仰ӱϿھܾ˼ܣʵȴ˼ϲΪµľʲô˵
һĻǾ;ǲ뵽˵֮С
ֻҪʱ˵֪ѾȤ
ʵϣҲ뷨


119 ˼
ϲеæǰ˵λʿǰ֪ǼʿԼʹҷһıֻǹƾҵûа취ȥȡôˡ
ѻ˵һ룬ȻͲ˵ȥĶףûʲô˵ġ
֮й涨ԼֵıҪԼȥȡüôҲڼ壬Ǹ͸壬Ҿͳְ㡣ҲĬƬ̣˵Լ뷨
ȻⲢ׵ʵ뷨ֻΪαװԼ˵ļٻѡ
ڵݿʿҪֱһڴӦɵҲ֪⡣
㲻ףʥǰڣֻܹܵõҪǱ˷ֵĻҲ״ɱʥ߻顣
ҲʥߣûЩصֶΣԹҪҵҡҡͷԸס
仰˼ǾֻҪǸع⣬ԼΣգҴһѡ
ʱҪΪõ˸߽ױͻһɳ죬̫ҪĻΪ׸
һʼʱĻֻǲΪȻЦЦûȫĻ
ʥ߻ʲôҪ˵ı׿Ҳ̫췽ҹ̷ˡ
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ڴ;ᣬαװĻǾ˵һжģȻôҪѾ۲ܾˣһóû˵ѡ
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үҹǼҹ档һһ˵ܵ
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Ҫǣ˵Щһʿ˵ϣõġ
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ֲܴӵ˵һֽҲһʲСĲƸء
װֽߺ󣬵һʱ͸ее㲻Ծ׵Ľͺ󣬾Ȼˡ
ʿҲ򵥰Ҳ֪ǩԼôһʵŵԣպҲֻֻܹˡǣǩԼĻҲҪʵŵԣҪǷһ顣վʿĽǶϿǵġ
Ǿһ󣬵õĽ͡
ϧһеǰᣬʿſԳǷʿ⣬ȥ룬Ϊ벻Լүү䵱ʿ
ãȻңôγɹ֮һ᲻ԶָղŵŵԣͬʱΪҵӰָ׼һ
ÿһ嶼϶ӰôһλãܹΪӰˣǱرεĴڡ
ӰܵļԴһļӵ٣ЩҪġ
ҪǣֻҪΪӰպʸȥĳϡ
ÿһĳϣǼȨˣֻҪΪ˼ĳϣ岻˥ĻôٻԴ
Щŵ˵ǿͷ֧ƱΪһеǰᶼҪõ˱أҳΪҼ֮ſԼŵԡ
ò˵Ǵĺơ
һԵɾͲˣԭΪʿйоأ˵ʱĻɺܴ󣬿ʿôͱҪıһˡ


120 ߵ뿪
Ҳ֪ĵԿʼ˼£ԼΪȥ˼Ϊûʸ칬
ү֪ʲôڸȷ˹ϵ֮󣬱һ䡣
ǿġ֮֡иǶǰ;ϣײŸʳ͸æ˵Լ뷨
ʿǰҪĵһ飬취㿪ĸļӣȻ뿪ѧ顣˵ʱսȭͷ
ΪĿǰĸ硣
ĹΪü˲ҳһֱ˶ʱעһһ
ļûа취뿪ѧ飬˵뿪ѧˣ뿪Լķ䣬ᱻĹ֪
˿ֲļӣ⣬Ѿûκεİ취ˡ
Ĺӵȷʵ鷳а취뿪ֻҲǷ֣Եʱⲻһս˼Ƭ̺󣬾ͰϢҲǻϢϢ
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׵˼׼ȻܹԼ뿪ΪλҪᱻĸ緢֡
ܼ򵥣ĸһֱ˶㣬Ȼҿ˵Ƥ°ߣֻҪһ뿪ͻᷢ뿪ʱĶʱĹӵԸԣȥܱ˵뷨ֱ˶㶯֡ջеġ
ңûһû˵
ǾǣҪ״뿪ĻʵöԷֵķپ֣Ϊʵһʵʹ¶ôһ
ĻͱҪȥˣΪ֪׵ʵֻҪһôΪȴģͽ
룡
Ȼһ˵꣬뵽˼֮С
˺һż˵ʿǰĸδ²5ˣߣ񼶱Ĵڣһ˰ٵšһŰٵš
ĸȻǳ˽⣬ΪЩʱտһֱעЩء
ĹӸһԱȣͿó˵Ĳൽжˡ
ͬҵӵܣֻһ£»ĵͯ
ٿĹӣ˵걬ˣ˵µĻǧԼﵽ񼶱ߡ
һ佫ˣ佫һǿɾˡ
Ҳ˵ȻĹӵ̴ֻ񣬵κһ˶ܹʤˡ
˵ʵ⣬ȴĻڣò˵ȷʵй֮һᶼĹӡ
Ҫ׵Ľ飬ðһᱻĹӷ֣Ȼ˻ɱΣ뿪ôһͱҪƺԼߵȻڿսʤԷˡ
ʿǰĸڵĸ߶Щսʤһ䡣
Ҳĵ֮һˣҪúײܹӮⳡʤ
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һһ˵꣬ʱ뵽֮С
㲻֣Ҳû뵽
Ҳ֣ǲ֣ܳʿһ֮УôһҲһӦװɣ˵һ䡣
ʵ֪ʿЩأΪǰûʿеĻҲ֪ԽǰǰȫǸѧӵܶѡ
״Խ֮ûм̳Щ䣬ȻҲͲ֪ˡ
׸оһʿӵܼôò˼ͻڶ֮УŸô˵
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׶ͷȻֻʱһǿĽ⡣
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Ҫ֪׿Ѿһдʥ飬ԶʮΪʥʱײõʥ齣ͬʱҲ˲ǿĽ⡣
Щ£׵ÿһԻΪСģ
ЩСȻģɵٶһʱ佣˲ʹ˷Բǧס
ʱ˿̣ԸĻ齣֮Զǧ֮ڵκ
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ȻԼǿ԰ΪһҲǱȽ˽ġ
һԼ齣֮ľȵȣôҪͣĶҲҪͣĶ飬ԴǸԵ⾳
̣һǳʱḶ́ͨһӵԣôҪ쵽ʮҵʱ䣬ʲһʱ
һӱٶൽ齣֮ӶѾΪ˽״֪УΪ׵λѾﵽ˾˼пǽʿ
Ǽʿһĸ綼е㼵ʵļʿһ뵽ڳſǣĸ翴ʱǹɼʵɫ
һ㵹ˣΪʱĸҲ֪׵ʵʵʲô
ǿ鷳ˡͲͬˣ˿̷ǳķŭơ
ͷųǿĽȻǼΪˣΪΪѾˣеĴǱǿʵסˡ
κΣֻһͯûʲôƣֻǵıöѣȻзŭѣʵûʲôõİ취Ӧԡ
׼ãߣ
׶˶һ䣬齣֮ȫϳȥֱƿڵķ
ţֶһקȻһ׹ա
׹ⲻǱģǡͶ򴫡Ľͨ
ֽڵĳֻͨĳУصǿҲֻǴѧʿѡ
ˣûбҪƱ˵Ĺ۲죬ԷĴ󵨵ʹýơ
ʹýͨʱеĽڸǽƵϢһ˿϶ֲͨʥĴͨ
ˣ׶Ǹûκι˼ɡ
Ϊ˵³׶ѾˣһΪԼ£һֻ
һߡ
Ĺ׵˷ʱҲܳ˷ݡ
ϾǱߴĶ벻¡ķ֮󣬵һʱΪԼ
ΪʿԸӵ֮Ķûȥ׻ֵһȥ롣


121 ˷
齣֮Ͻư˴ʱٿҲ˲ֹͣˣдͬĹǰ㶼ܳ뿴׷ʲô
ֻкܴһΪʱһǳķ⣬ʲôûп
ǣʱͷߺԶˡ
Ҿ֪Ͼž⣬ߵŲҳҲ⣬Ȼôðաаһ漴ӻóһ顣
ԤУϾһǷʲôܣҲĻֻһɳ죬ԲܹôϾ뿪Ĺ֪֮ĳ޺ѺϽ⣬Ҳȥ׷
ѧ飬˵һ㶼û⡣
˵ȥѧһѵĻᣬңôܵõҵӡ
أǴȥ׷ܵ𣿡
ĹӸҪһɲǣͻȻһֳȵ֪ߡ
ռң裡Ǹ˲䣬ĹӾ˵֡
ȻҲ֪֮ܵʲô飬Ǹղǹ齣֮ѹӦҲоˣȰ㻹ǲҪȥΪһӣһ߶ĹӾһ䡣
ΪռҵӵܣȺղЩ齣֮жǿ֮һҪǣԼԼеЩ齣֮еϤ
齣֮֮ʱԺо͸һĵľһ뵽Ǹ̲סһ¡
лչӺ⣬ҵܾܵԲΪҵܵܵİȫұҪ׷ʲôĹӶһеһץֱӴٻһֻ޴İ׺ס
׺׳ֺռĹӵ˾Ͷȥ
ޣ׺׵˲䣬͸ܵĵȽס
ðɣȻҪȥĻôԼСˡεҡҡͷȻ»صĴ档
ҵĹӣҲڶȨһ䣬Ҳûκιϵ
лչô¾ȸˡռĹһ䣬ԦŰ׺׳Ǳ߷ȥ
ߺ¶һصɫаظղŵĽʲôȻƴȥˡ
һ뵽ֲԾսȣһȶ֨֨졣
һǰ˫ʥ֮գԶĿʥдʥʱľʱʥߵĽղŵĽа˷ơۿʼһ
һգþ׵ԶԿǱضһ飬ͬʱҲܵ׵ĽϢ
ˣղŸܵĵϢЩƵĺۼ
ֻƵĺۼһɣֻа˷ҡ
ϸһĻʱ׵Ľܣ˽ôпܵġ
軹ΪղͷŽףôضѹԼϢֻһСֽƣǾ͸ˡ
𣿡̧ͷԶаԶԼһ䡣
ʥߣʥߣ߱ʥǰҫ۵ĴΪҪһѧ飬˵ѧΪġ
ȻҲǺܴ󣬵Ҳ٣ûöͷһѶѵ顣
ˣǲʥߣҶܹУȻһŪɳ׾ôռҾпҪˡƬ̺󣬾ҡҡͷȻǿаЩͷѹȥԼΪʲôûз
õѡҲȷѡ

С
һ߲Žǰһ߸ź
ˣһֻ׺ףӦˡʵûýٶȷУһٶȶûãΪľǵȴĹ׷
ⲻ׸ܵĹ׷ϲһ͸ֳЦݡ
үĹѾ׷ˣ벻һʵޡװѺ
ޣؾȻһֻ޺Ҳɵһ㶡
ɶĸǰûб¶޵飬ΪȻʹó˵ƣҲ˵ѾʲôˡϢȻŭ
˵ʵΣʱ̣ĹӻĲ㱩¶ޣ֮ʹޣ׸Ƴġ
ȻѹٶȣҲͷǳĿ飬زò׺ޡ
ҲãȻ׺׳ҵƣǰʹóҲҪȹؼʱʹóǿ
侲󣬾ͷʵǰ¶ƶ˵Ƿǳġ
ȻԷҪڹؼʱ̣˵ͿƾֻŤתսˡ
үүǵٶȺܿ죬òһСʱͻ׷ǣʱδױٶȲ㣬ٶ£óԷ»ʱ׷
ԷӿٶȵĻʱȻҲǰһЩ
а취˦ǣ֮Ҳ÷ǳʱҪʿǰıˡ΢ԥƬ̣Ȼ;һ¡
ֻҪ潻սȻᱣүȫ˵
ʵϾǵضǰʹóơ
صĵһֻǿޣȻǱ߼屻ʱĵƣߵĲȷʵܴ
ػĵơ
ۣ
ʱӻóһ鼮ȻһѪ
鼮ԭûּģصѪҺʱȻֳ˺ɫ塣
仰˵Ȿ鼮ѪҺȻ˳
ǡѪ飡
׿Ѫ֮󣬾뵽һֿܡ
˵ѪķѾϾ벻ȻѪ顣ңⱾ϶ǴĸףҲ˵ĸ׿ɲͨŮӡ׾ⱾѪ飬˲顣
ȣѪýֺȥ룬֪ҵѪ顣
Ȿ鴫ңôĹӵϣҲܳϡ
ΪѪһ˵̫ҪˣֻÿһǿߣǼ̳ϡ
ҵĵλʵԣҵӵˣȻûпܱѪ顣
һĻôⱾ鼮ֻпǴĸˡ
һҲǺ˽⣬ǾҼ˵ĸֻһͨˡ
˵ĻҼ˵ѣ׵˵ҼӦòƭס
ϸһ˼ͻȻ͸оⲻҼҼ֪һ顣
ʣȻرǹ̵ġЩ֮׶һ˿֮⡣
ɣͷ
׸֮̾ʱ鼮˼Ѫ
ţеֱ㿪ʼ䶯ȻڽƵϷûΪһֻŸͷ­ֻŵľ޴


122 ͷ
δ𣡵δ
ʱͻȻˮε뵽׵ĶУ˳ȥʱʱͿѪĲ״
Ѫʮ꣬Ҳֹ
׻ǵһд飬ʱҲƴģΪһٷȻԼʮꡣ
ٿڵȻҲѪƴδ
ȽϵĻ׻ϲԼķʽΪǴѪҪΪ£Ϊֵ

һд׵˼Żа׶еЩܡ
ǾͷĽѾĹˡ
֮󣬾֪һžͷȥĹӵ׷ȥˡ
ףıסˣͷ𰡡׹۲Ƭ̺󣬾ʹ֪Ǹͷ
Ϊͷޣֻޣһʼײʵ
ھͷ֮ŶǿͿĺˡ
ʿǰҪͣϴ뿪˵ءȻѪҲ֪ײûмԦŽ뿪æһ䡣
뿪ɻʵ뿪ôԶǻͷϿϵɡ
û뿪ɣԻĶһԶôͻʧȥơ
һʧȥ˿ƣôͷһʱ䣬ȻͻתΪ֡
ǣʱ־Ѿ̫Զˣ־ͻ»ΪֽȻһֽҳֱ˽·С
߰ɣҾǴֽҳһʱ䣬ҼҳǼһõҲ޷ԻΪûҵѪ
þ״һȻϣԼڵ¡
ңĸ׹Ȼ֮ԸпһԦŽƣٽص˸˦ˡ
ǱߣǸܵ׵˵뿪καͷ·׷ȥҲûǸ
ɶ񣬱ˡ
ŹӺʱֶΣȻܹٻޡ
ֻ˵ͷͷߣûмͷ⵽ʲôޣ
ѲǾŹõ
ص֪ȥǷ׷׸пѡ
ǼľͷߣȻûΣգǵҲܼˣ׷ûпˡ
ȻôˡҲޱȣΪԼô£ɱֵֻѡ
ʿأΪԼҲɱ
ǣ˭ʱȻӳôһƣ⻹еֲ
ˣŸסǣȻܹѣԺľͻ»Ϊ֣һҳôֵģպǲҲǡ֪ץˣȴʹʧ
˵ʱͻȻ뵽һ⣺ˣղ˭ʲôֶ뿪ģ
ֻǸܵ޾Ľ⣬ԼһĨ׹⡣
Ҳ˰׹⣬ȷǰ׹⵽ޣǳǷʲôġ
Ҳǣ
ûһ׵ĽʲôӣʵҲǣϾȻֻһţʥ֮Ϳǧ
һ㣬ߵ˾͸޷ټýڵǵĸ֪ͬʱ齣֮նɱκοǵ̽ޣȺ˶ûпƵľ״
үڸүѾǲˣҪξүĵõĳֻԵҵᡭ
ذ֮ʱһͻȻһ侯档
ôһ˵Ҳ̾һ˵˵һҲ֪Ͼһɳ죬ôһѡǸ˳ҵļ̳֮Ȼѡһҵĵطȥңү
Ҳ··ȻԼٿԱס
ֻǣӵ棬в˶ԸҲԸ硣
үᣬҲֻܹˡ
ֻ˵ү̫ˣΪŲҳ飬Ҳ֪үȻǿ
үҲõĻȻΪʥǰڡ
ɵˣʥ겻֣һҴ֮ڲڳֵڶǰĴڡ

˵Ļ˵˵ţͳ׵ϡ
˵ʱ򣬾ͷҲںľȻ»Ϊֽһŵȥ
ؼͷΪֽʱҲԦŰ׺׿ٷɹȥȻһסֽԭ·ء
㣬ͳصġ


ԭǡ
һͨĿջ棬ʱĴͷȴ
ǻڵĳۣȻԵõڲǰ衣
˵ʵͨջĲúȣΪ˲¶ԼݣҲֻܹˡ
ڵʱҲǾѵˣʱֻܹȿȪˮѡ
ǳ磬ͨ裬ҲҪȵϵĲҶ׺ȵȥ
Ե棬ûеʲô飬Ͳͬˡ
Ψһ̾ʱһֱԣżķԲȥô
֮£ǸȻԵúȲģʱŭա
ϧҶ˵ʲôֵ飬Ϊ˵̫ˡ
ι˵үʲôʱܹһףȻʳѾ׵һٴε⡣
͸֧˾ֻҪָߣͻȻҲǵһٴôش
㶼Ѿ˵һٴүܿͻˣүȴɡɡȻ׵Ĵˡ
ֻһ˵ͺȻһ㶯ȻԴˣոնһָ
үүˣԵĿġ
֮ԿģΪֻҪôͻлõе֮
˫۵ĵһ⣬ѯԼ
үʱķԭǡ
԰ǣҵĳԶ𣿡
û֪е֣Ҳ̫ȷԼ
ǺԶֻҪүָĻǶʮҾִܹҡش⡣
ʱ棬˵֮⣬Ҳȥ鱨οҪõʣ²ҳͷһ㲻ⷽϣǸġ
ܺãȥҰһͨĻǾͳȥҡ
ǣ
ȷʵżԼָż
Ҫ֪ǿжѪ飬˼ľ;ѪҲ˲٣ƾһѧʿҪϢܺġ
ͨûаҶ볹׻ָȻ״̬·ʲôȴû⡣


123 
ҪĹ󣬾תͷף˵ʿǰǽҪȥңһңʱҪϵõһЩΪ˷ֹҶҲʱֻܹˡ
Ѿûʲôսˣ˽ֻܹ׵
û⡣
ײܾҲ֪ҪõǸʲôĴڡ
֮˾ͳĬĬΪҪϢǼȲ衣
ûãҲص˷С
үҵһ֧飬ͿԳ
ţ
ʵǺܣ˵ʱֻǼ򵥵һȻϢ
ֱ緹𴲣Ȼ׺һ֧Ͷ档
߹ڣһ㶼ҪϻΪӵ˼ҰҲͨǿϲ١
Ұ֮⣬пٷˣ壬û㹻뿪УǿһǳΣյ顣
ΪЩΣգԱв߽˻Ͷ飬רŻЩ̶Ӻӵܡ
ʵ߻ȥһЩȱҵʱҲֻȥλгŵĶѡ
λţôرҪǮȻûĸ顣
ҵĻһȺɵĶ顣
һҲʮ˶ѣӳһڣʣµĶ񼶱
ڷԭ˵ĻҲµȶѡ
ĶϵС鷳ȻԽϵѾҪһֽţϴ鷳Ǹָǡ
ǣϲûжǮأֻܹӶĶˡ
ףԻһ㶼ȤΪֻҪڵĻǱȽϰȫġ
ͷǴһˣȻǵĶһָ˵λӣǰһж׼ˣʱԳ
߰ɣٶȥҡһ˵ţһ˶Ϊ׼
˵³۾죬ȫķʵûôҡ
ʱҲһ
ǲһģһʿ·Ҳ̫ˣ׿ڣûӸҲ׼һ
ľڻǱȽϰȫģϢһˡϳװԸпһ䣬ͰѡƵٻ
Դ뿪˴֮׻һпеʱ䣬ͻʹⱾ֮Լ֮
ֻҪǿͻӴΧ
ǿ׵ܹõڲ֪䣬ͻǿ
У֮׶ʱ۳ңҲӡ
һӦֻҪǿˣķ涼űǿ
ˣ
ٻ˰֮׺ܿͽ뵽״̬
ҵѾԽԽˣĴСȴֻһ֮һʵ̫Сˡ״̬֮£׿Ժ֪Լжǿ
ڵԣƳϵĻҲܹһͨ鼮һǺ顣һʵҲܿŪ
ڶԣһճӤΪõĴڣڸһ治红Ȼġ
ȻҵѸʣȴż׺׺Ҳٿ
۲Χһͷ
ҲҿŰкã֮ˣֻҪ˳ôٶȾԻõ
ˣ
ͷһΧܿ
ľˮл֣
ɫϢǰе˳ԼΧ
Уܿâ׵ĸ֪£â׵̫ͼ˲γһɶصơ
֮£֮Ϣͣתһ׵֮ٶȾֿ˽һ
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ǣջסͷ
ѧ˵ĳ֣ضкôⱾҵʱȥд뵽󣬾дͷʼר
ڵ˵Ѿдˡ
һµĳɳľѾ˽ı
վȥĻ׵ľѾﵽ˽ʿı׼
֪һʿǾʮŻôľֻ˲µʱ䣬ﵽزɴ˿ɼһƪĹڸ˶жôҪ
ȻҲûãҪ׵ġƵֻаѡƵŲſԸܵ
֮ԵЩΪպȫʱ顣
ϣǱ߲Ҫʧ
Ĭһ䣬Ϳʼȫȫ
һߣ׵ϳ֮󣬸ǵҲʼ׵˵ݡ
㲻ܹĵط𣬲²ǲλʲôݣһֳִֿ󵶵ߣűϵһСʵ
ǸС߱𿴸ͷСȴ˲ɣĺۼȴ֣һ֪һϲС˼ˡ
˽ʱһҪǳСġ
˵𣬿϶ĳͼӵܣֻһ̬һֻӶĶ飬ȻһӵӵܡǸСͻشһ䡣
һ˵꣬һŮ˹ߵ䲻Ǻܴ󣬿òŶʮѮӣ֮ȴһֲ˰̡
ŮһͶСʵ磬ǸӣҸǸڸʲôĴڡ
еĺڸȻˡ
һɫʿۣ·棬һɲǺڸ
ûв´ĻǸڸӦһʿӦҲܵɢǹǿὣ⣬͹ɽڶӳС˵ʱɫЩء
û취˭ʱͷĽء
ǹɽԣ㲻齣֮һ񲻸ǡ
Ĵ½Խ߲࣬󲿷ϰ߳ɾͶǺܴ󣬿Ҳı䲻˽Ǳлߵʵ
ȵ϶ӳôǿŮȻɫûб䣬ле㼤
ʿôҪȶӳǿΪʿ˵ѵûκսҲֻΪɱ˶ѣɱ˺ͳԷû𡣡С˵ʱ򣬱صĿŮߡ
СаܹǵĴڣԲҪȥ䣬ҲָָѧС֪ŮߵԸһ䡣


124 а
ŮߵõѵѺ󣬱ͷصԼλ֮ϡ
⺢ִȥֽѧˣѵǵ˺۵𣿡С߼Ů뿪󣬾͸пһ䡣
Ҳ֪СаԸһգҲ23ѾΪڿǡһε˵һ䡣
ˣԸֲǲֻ֪Ҫ϶飬˭Ҳûа취ġ

һ̾漴ͶصԼλãȥԼˡ
ǸΪСаߣʱȴ֪׵ǰĶӾͺⲻһһ鵰һ㡣
ֻҪĸ֣߽⣬齣֮ôԽһǳ֮ߣܹõĸָ㣬ôٴֵõġŮа˵һ䣬Ϳʼ˼׽̵Լ
һյᣬ棬ԸԼ֪ʶ;ˡ
ΪֻҪ඼һ˽ģҲųиȫû˽ģǵһ˵ľﵽֵزʱˡѾʺƺˡ
پĿǰԣ绹ûκ˸˵Լû˽ģǲô˵ȻҲô˵׵Ļ͸Ҫˣ׵˽ҪȱҪܶࡣ

ʱţתۼµʱȥˡ
棬׿νǷǳɣÿճ֮⣬ʲôùܡ
һЩͽҰʲôģȻҲлͶæ
ΨһеƵģһֻҪһ߾Ͳͣαøǿ
ȻСаˡ
ⲻ״һ¹⣬ŸһǸ߾ͳ׵ߡ
ǰָαøǿֻҪԱøǿʲô鶼Ը
Ѿ˵ˣҲߣҰﲻ㡣
׶Саҡҡͷĸԭ
ǣСа׵̬ȣǲͣĸߣȥظ仰
ǰ
Ĳߣһ齣֮Ļһָ㡣
Саû˵׾ֱӴĻ
ǰһֻ֮ҪܹұǿӵдôǳΪūҲԡСаҧ˵仰
СаϹ˵ʲôϿصλȥ
Са˵֮û˵ӵĶӳֱСаǰ
ӳһֱ֣סĲӣӳ˽ʮס
СаȻ񣬵Աһڣһ㻹ֵضûС
ӳǵԼ˵ֻҪҵԸ̵ҵˣͻ뿪ġСаȻ˦ȥԶûзԼĴ㡣
Ķܿ˵ע⣬Ҳߡ
СаΪӶĻӦ֪ܹȥŹԭȥͱҰ顣ӳСаŭһв
ãھʽ˳飡Саڶӳв£Ȼֱ˳˶飬Ȼ
鵽زҲ׵ĺ棬ͻȻ֪ŮߵΪηҪǿֲϧκδ۵ıǿ
Са֪˵ʲôӳҲû뵽Саô˵Ҳɵһŭ
ӳԼѾչСаˣСаһҲжھȻɵľ˳˶顣
Саûӳʣǰ󣬾ͼ˵ǰ

ӳСаѾʼԼʱʱһǿƣͬʱҲճȭͷСаĸһȭȥ
ŭһȭȻûȫҲñСаˡ
벻ǣǸСаͷ·𿴲ӳȭͷһ㣬ֻǾվԭأȴ׵Ļش

ӳСаҲһ
ǣʱѾջеˣֻ顯һСаʱͱ˺Զ
ȿȣ
ڶӳһȭ֮£СаȻûܵشҲᡣ
Саû°ɣ
СаȥϢɣҪǶӳˡ
СаԷûκν̵ӣֺαΪȵĶӳ졣
Χ߼СаˣæСȰ˵
ʵѾǵһηˣǶѾϰˡ
Ҫλǰ̵ұǿ֪һԵģĻһԵġСаûн˵ĺ⣬վߵ׵ߡ
ӳﲻɵ̾һ̧֣˵Саľе⣬ҲͲƽˣúõ˯һɡ
һ䣬ӳҪСаιȥ

ǣʱͻȻһ֮ʱ
Σգ⽣ǳġ
Ǹӳ˲еһΣգͬʱҲ˶СаĹֱһԶԶ뿪׸Са
ǿĽ⣬ոҲ㿪ĻضܵشӳصĿףһ֪׾Բû뵽׹ɢĽ⣬Լòˡ
֪׸ղǶʥĽ⣬Ȼ޷һںˡ
ǰ̵𣿡Саʱȴ˷ܣزڤڤио׿ǿױֳĽǡ֤һ㡣
ûСа⣬Ѷӳߺ󣬾СаǰʵܸңΪʲôһҪǿ𣿡
ΪɱһˣСаϿҵĻشš
ʵѾµˣܹ˲һеҪǿһֻֿܡ
һ֣Ǿһǿˡ
ֻΪΪǿ߶ǿʲôܣһ˺١
ڶ֣ǱѪˡ
߹Ͳˣֻǵ³󶼷ǳҶѣܹ˳ǿⱨѩ޵ľ͸ϡ١
֣ǾΪػҪ˻ƷԲŻҪøǿ
ģʵҲһˣҲױɵڶˡ
֪СаĿĺҲûȥĹ£Ǽʵʲô֣
ҽаСаǻش
ֻһ֣Ǿа
ôǱɹʲô㣿׵ĵ⡣
һΪǰǰҪʲôҾʲôСа˵Ҳʵ뷨
ڣһжΪ˱ֻ뷨ûС
ˡ׵ͷȻͱ۾˼
Саһ񣬶ȱһλߣΪҵĻ˳ʵķšźܶļƻûʱȥ
磬áƵ뷨ˣһֱҲʱѡȥʵ顣
֮ǰǴðѩ칬ȻʵΪҵ飬͵
Са׶ʵ뷨


125 ͽ
󣬻ӵ߶ףҲ֪׻ѡ
Ҫ֪ղ׽ƾŽͰѶӳˣѾ˶ֱǿˡ
һǿߣǷǶܹĵСаΪ£Ǻڴ
˵ʵǻӶӳʱҲϣܹСа
ȺѾһˣȻҲϣСаһĽ֣ҲСаһĻеõĻᡣ
Саٸߣû㹻Դǿз֮£ҲѳΪ
οƾԼʺŬܹڶʮꡢʮ֮ΪʱĵҲĵõĽ
һ׷һϣ֪Саʱܹ
ǰһϴӻҲ£ֻҪһϳһСʱңҵ壬ҲáСа׵⣬֪׶ЩĶæټһѻ𣬴
ʲôģ֮Ժˣڵֻõ
Ǻǣ
Са仰ײɵЦһ
˵СаȻһֲ˰̣òȥе֮⣬ĻǼõġ
Ϊ˰̵ĻòĶԣһҲƽϰ䵽ڡ
һ뵽ʱʵңϵ˰ôµġ
òóϳңҲҴ鷳һҿŭһڣҵ˰̡Саһ˵˰̵ԭ
һ˵꣬Χ߶һ
ԭһģ
ǿӣΪ˸Ȼϡ
ϸҲǣǰЩ겻֪ٱǻ͵ӵҪСаע⣬ò˵ĻͱЩӵץˡ
һ̾
־߸ĻĿɲЩ֪ĸӵܣһӵܷǳŰκᡣ
СаǱǿдߵĻӳǴ㱳磬ȻҸЩӵܷͻ
СаȻݵľⶼУôҲһ־͵ˡ׵ͷ˵ʵҲеСа־ˡ
Ůһ㶼ǱȽòģΪ˸Ȼܵ˺ۣǸ˺۾ܽʱСа˵Ҫ΢ڴƫһ㣬СаҲͲˡ
ǰֻõҶȿȡСа˵ʱͻȻȻղŵһܡ
֪ˣһҪһ䣬ǾǸ߻ܿ࣬һңҲû·ˣҲڵĻᡣ˵ʱڣ˶һѼʵĽ
ɽһΧ߶ʶıһ۾·ĳִ۵Ĺâһ㡣
Ѿ˾ֻҪǰܹҵõҲڡСаҲǹɽ̵ĲֱףϵĻﻹû¡
Ȼˣôӽ쿪ʼҵͽˡ״ʱ¶˾ġ
ͽܣǰҪΪͽСаˣôҲ벻ľȻΪͽ
Ҫ֪֮ǰСаǰѻ˵ǸزΪкܴļʻΪūҲһּʻΪߵ
СаײūҲֻǿòˣ˭ѡͽ
ͽɸոūͺͬһװСаͽܣҪСаδǰ;
δǰ;ǸǮԴżϵġ
ʵЩ׶Ⲣûʲô˵ģСаȺߵо˲ˡ
һֻͨͨĻһӣȻҪ̫ԴΪôҪԴ൱ѧʿôࡣ
ҲǷֺüεģҪΪлǲȴѧʿ١
ϺȥͽΪ͵һ̫ˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҹ̫ͻȻСаһʱ䶼е㲻š
˵ģûڴΪͽҲоĵײ˵ѣ벻ΪҪΪͽ
Ϊҵı²ᴫˣѧҵı¾ͱҪΪҵͽܡ׵ĽҲܼ򵥣Ҳȷʵôġ
ȻСаð֮飬ȥȺӣôͱҪΪԼߵ˲С
ΪԼкֱַܶӵľǳΪԼŮˡ
һײСаϵİ̺ҲȴôΪ׻£顣
ͽμʦ𡣡
õ׵Ľ֮СаҲٶ˵ֱӹڵϸ˾Ÿͷ
СаڿͷʱǳھŸͷĶͷѾѪˡ
Ҳû֪СаܲǲֻҪԼŸͷ︺ͻٺ޵
ͽˣǸ˾ȻСа
СаȻߵףǴǸߵĸˡ
Саڱ˾һΡ
߼СаһԵСаˣһҲϣ˻Լ
һ̣˭֪ǸߣܹΪʦһ컯
⻹ûб¶ʵݣװԼ˵Ⱥ˹ƻĽСа
ˣϳɣҪ˵һЩء׵Саͷ֮󣬾ͻصԼϡ
ǣʦ𣡡
СаŸոյóԸȻΨǴӣæ׾
ߵʱ򣬻׵ĿǱ߿ȥ
֮ԿΪ֪ضֹ˼ɣԭȻͽһˡ
㲻㣬Ҳû뵽СаȻˣôһһˡа̾һ䡣
£һʿûͽʸģڵͽ͵ڸʿ߲һʿ
һ׵ݾ͸֮ǰıֶԲˡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰ׶αװαװķǳλûзһ㡣
ѾһܴˣͨСаһ飬϶뵽Щ顣
ʱѹʱʼҲ֪֮顣
ӣôˣǲƼˡܵ״æһ䡣
Ϊһͨͯ׸İн棬Ϊء
ǸʿţǶƭˡȻҧ˵ʿԲͽܣпүүԵס
ܵ˺ܶ಻ƽĴʱ򲻽ףҲҼ
ԵףѲһУǼİšҲǴ󾪣Ϣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ֻһССͯٵԱȻһ£ҼǰûҪֿ뷨Ϊ˵̫ˡ
ʵҲǸ߹ԼˣΪȻһµʸûС


126 ִ
֪϶Ѿ⣬Ҳ벻ԼĿܾװʲô֪ȻڰԼ
ĶϷϲ̺Ƶ˵Ƿǳ˼ģ֮νͿԾĽ˭ʤ˭
ǰҪ˫ƽȣ಻ſԡ
׸ĶǣǾֲһˡ
Ȳ˵ϵЩǿ鼮͵ԼѾ걬ˣûпɱԣҲûйƽһ˵
ס˭ǿ֮ʧܵľ
ϵĲࡣ
ڡ
ڽ󣬾ʹӴӹʱȡöɢŨĵҩ
ΪʦƵĵҩЧĻָܵ˺ͬʱҲһЩЧڸöҪÿһΣ𣿡һ˵ţһ߽ҩӵСаϡ
ף
Саǵһμҩȴǵһεõҩ
ҩǷǳģΪҩʦ٣ǳ֮٣ٵеСһʦûС
һҪΪɫʦôҪξҪ㹻ȥһҩ㹻鵤䷽
ֻҪ߱ſԳΪһɫǡ
ֻͨʦôֻҪ䷽ҩ϶ϰͿԡ
˵ʵĻһ˺ǮȥĲϡ
û㹻ϣôٸߣҲѳΪʦ
ʦ˵׻ǿųľۼƣſƳ鵤ġ
óöҩСаʶľΪԼʦһʦ
ʵˣ׵ĵҩɲƳģǿа۳ġ
ˣȷһöҩúϰ˵׼ȻСаȻǴ㾡ľȥһҲĵҩ
ֻСа칬飬ΪڻʱڻصԺǰʱ
Саõ׵Ҳֱӷһöĵҩ
ҩȻأСаûһ㲻˼Ѿ˱֮⣬ȫȫΪˡ
ȻĻ׵κƷе˼
˵̬ȷʵǳʺϵͽܡ
Са֮󣬽ļ뵽ƽ֮С
ֱʮ֮󣬻׵˵ĶһС͵ĳǳ֮С
ǣƿصĳС
Ȼ򣬵ȴֻһƿأﶼǸӹ
˵Ǵ壬涼ҵлȨ
ȻҪǴǲֹĻȻҲ޻˵ÿýԴһ㶼٣˴ȻԸǡ
סСаڵִ֮󣬾ͰеӶ𶼸˻ӣȻһ߽ͬǡ
ڻӣǼȻѾĿģôȻ뿪
ȥһЩͳеĻͣǵǿֱӽǣȻȴһ
ֱһܵĳ棬ĹӶõκŸûκ塣
˳˵һ£׷ֹӶ뿪ʱСаиֳ˸еɫ
Ҳ˵Саһ鶼ûУֻԼĸصĺ
ĻҲе⣬СаҪһ㶼мҲûκѵĸ׶Ҫ༸ַ
үڵĳУֻһͼ壬ֻһѧʿĴļǺǿʱͻȻ˵һ仰
ƿص֪֪׵ģ˿ȥҵõŲҳ
ֻҪõŲҳǵ˾ͻõı䡣
ȻǿᣬϾǴˣҪϸıһ׸δ֮ϰŲҳҪ΢˼һȻ˵Լ뷨
үǲӦȷһ²ҳǷңϾǲϢʵԡС˵һ䡣
ʵͶǧĿǣΪĶֻһǺȷϢ
ϢʵԺܺȷϣǿֱҵȥݷңȻֱñǽ΢ԥһ漴˵뷨
ûʲôﰡҲżϵҶˣʲôĸ붼ȥ롣
һ꣬ͰĿת׵ϣȻʵȷʵûбʿǰִмҪ϶Щ԰ɣ
ĿѾǳˣǾ׳ҵĲҳ
ҵһܲıҪĲҳôǻύġһ˵ţһ߽һںɫС˳
ںɫСȥֻȭͷСΧ׹˸һ֪ǷƷ
ʲôȻӵܣûм
ֹûмСаҲûмһʱ䶼ףȴ׵Ļش
ΣյõѪɷħס˵С֡
ǵһҪǿɱʱ׷ȡѪɷħףҾֺİæ죬Ѫɷħκһʹá
һѪɷħױôĴѧʿҪˣõĵλ˵һ
Ǳˣֻϧ˵֮˵϶ûʲô飬Ȼû˵Ѫɷħס

˺޷ӦɵԼ˵׾֪һû˵Ѫɷħס
ʵҲǣЩ˶ϵȽϵͲεĴڣûвμӹˡסսԲ֪ѪɷħҲġ
ѪɷħʥһƷֻҪһٵͿԿһô൱һȫһѾսˣֻҪĴڣɱˡס
Ϊ֪Ѫɷħ׵Ǳ˵ãôõѪɷħ׵ģ׵ûϸ˵
Ϊһ˵ĻҲͱ¶ˡ
ʲôⶫܹӳȫһ֮ھһ
ˣܹȡ
ǣó˵̫ˣΪѪɷħֶӴ棬ĴڣκʱšתǬ
ҵ찡൱ȫһ˵ѧʿܵһҲǷˣҲ̲סľ
ңرò˶׷תͷۿ
עע⣬жʱеŭ
Ҳӵܣͬʱ֪ǱɿƵĳУԾظղһ仰϶ò̫ʱ䣬ͻҵҵ
ʱķҲΪһ仰ɱ㲻ûҡ


127 
Ҳ֪Լո̫ʧ̬ˣæֵ̿˵Բү
Ҫ֪Ϊղŵһ仰״ļƻҪڲǸĻƵͻ
ߣܺͣ
Цһĺѵһ٣ϧڲʱ
ݺݳһȻǷŭȴұֳֻܹСʵүô죿
ô죬ǰɡû˵
˵ģԭصǣѾõѡˡ
Ҫ֪ղһ仰ñѾ֪ôѧʿ˵Ʒ
İ˴Ʒҵģǲ֪ҲͰˣȻѾ֪ˣô˾㲻ȷϢǲģҪæ⼸˿ס˵
ʱ˻Ϲܣʱ͸˻ǱĿˡ
֪ˣү
õѣСشһ䣬ʵվԭأȴҵ˵
һԵǺݺݵһȻ׵ϽѪɷħ˹ȥ
Ѫɷħ˵һһͼıĶԵһĲֵ
Ҫ֮Ϊ֮һɳ졣
Ѫɷħ֮СаȴͻȻȻСʵʦǸĿĴ𣿡
׳һ㣬ͬʱҲµСа뷨Ǳ˵վѪɷħȻǽʹõĻô³ˣᱻѪɷħɱ
һ˵꣬СаʱͻȻĵͷȻƵʵʵվš
ֹСаˣҲһΪ׸ղⷬȻҲ˵ġ
ûѪɷħȷʵǿˡɱĴڣʹߵôóĻʹҲǱ
һͷŵƷ޲Ĺ
ǰҪʹѪɷħ׻ǰ׼ΪǱʹóѪɷħףԼͬҪܵаһ漴Сĵ
飡
׸˵ûõʱͻȻһӰֱ׵˵ǰ
һߣ˱ըԵļ⣬˫ϵļ⣬һ֪˫żǿĹ
ಣ
߹ʱ򣬻һ紵һҲ׵˵ǰ
ȻüϹģֻļȼòƺܸߣƶʱֻ˿һӰӡ
ĸˣν£һ⡣
ӵʱ䣬ҵȷʵǺǿǴҵĻڶʮ֮ھܹϹһֱʱ䣬оҹٶе
λ̨Ǵҵӵܣ˴Ƿ֮ǰҽһƷ꣬һ׼Ȼ˵õĻԡ
Ժܲҵڷţô͵ڴŴңҵҪǿģԲǳǷ棬Ǵ棬Ҷܹô
ȻĻһҽ𣬵ʱֶ֪ʧ
ңǸ𣿡ҵȻԴе˽⡣
үүǵ
ͷȻȻӻóһݰ
ҵӹݿһ飬ҲһѧʿϢҵӡ£ûƭҡ
Ϊһ̵˽ʮ꣬ЩƵ˸ֵĿܣڵʱҲƵˣжԲߡ
Բߣǰ׼õ
˼Ȼһ㵽ˣȻһӡжıһ
ֳ֮ЩΪ칬ò칬ָֻҪرĲôԺ󶼻вĳɾ͡
ͣ֡ҵȷݺҲæһͬ
ֿˣҴ˴ǰ̫æûǰ֪ͨǣһ㻹¡˼ЦЦ
ǲ֪ˣЦ֮󣬶Ϊǰ֪ͨ벻Ǵҵİݷá
αİ׵ʿҲ֤ʵӵܵݣټСа񼶱ߣһ㶼ûлݡ
ңлɵĻҲȥ׵ĵ飬ΪҿڴĹǷ鴫ѶȥѯҪʱ䡣
οϢ˼٣͸ỳ
εõģô׾Ͳö֪ˣ֪ΨԼһ
֣ʹǰҸۡʱʲô鶼Ը״˻㱨һ˵ţһߴ׵ҵĸۡȥ
ҵĸۡſڲ͸ÿ˶ӳ˼磬ֻ˲Сʱʱ䣬Ҵŵſڡ
ǰʱһҵӵڵȴǣûнҸۡ
ΪפڳſǱߵӵܣǳĻǵõҵٻȻԲܹ뿪ԼϽĵؽ硣
׵Ҳøæȥ
УΪפڳſڴĻ˻ҪϺһܹҵˡ
룬Ѿں˲ȴһҼڵķָžһԼŮ߽Ҹۡ
Ĵ죬׵·ûܵκţɵľһС鷿档
֨ѽ
˽鷿֮󣬶ʱͿһӱǣ֪˼ʲô
Ȼҵļˣ׼˽󣬾תʵҵˣ֪Ϊ£
ҼǺѺãϾûǰ֪ͨͻȻŰݷʵеʧ
ҪǣµĻ㱨֪ϻɱǸɱ˲ɱǸ˵Ź֡
ҼΪ˸󸮽һƷġֱ˵Լ뷨ʵûʲôġ
ͬʱҼ뵽Ҳһ㡣
ҪʲôҼͼıҵϢ
źǣԼı̫λˣҼҲʲôûп
ҼܵүүѪɷħ㻻Ĳҳ˵ʱеɫһ˿ڴ
ֹҲڴ֪ԼڵġʿݣǲܹģһֱԹۡ
ѪɷħףҾȻõѪɷħףǶ߶ǳС
ҼļʶȻǿ̫ˣĻ֪ѪɷħʲôĴڡ


128 ҳ
Ѫɷħסٶǿһ䣬ͬʱҲǸˡ
ѪɷħҼֵǰԾأ֪ĻԼѾǳɹˡ
Ȼû˵ҪʲôѪɷħȷʵܶġ
ϾҼҲһȼڴѧʿĴڣҪһöʹõѪɷħףôסĴѧʿ
ֶѪɷħǿҪʹĻҪѪ֮ⶫҲûκôҼۿƬ֮󣬾͸пһ䡣
ˣöѪɷħѾҵǰıˣֻҪһٵͿԲ˵һ㶼죬ֱӰ׵ԭ˼
Ϊôһ仰ҼҵĿΪĹۡ
ҾȻܹѪɷħʹ÷Ҫ֪Ѫɷħ׿ʥƳģҲ˵ƽʥֶε𣡡Ҽ΢𾪡
ʵ߹沢ǺܳҲӵʥߣΪһʥߵĻôһҹͻᴫ߹
ѪɷħʥĲ٣Ҽ㱾ܵΪҵõƽʥֶε
һҪô㲻ǶңҲǸ߼ңҪԶǿöࡣ
Ҽ֮У͸ܵһ
ҵĺôֻҪôҪȡҳѴٱСɡ
ΪҼԲңҲ֪ǲҳеܣȻһĽѾоųɵİճɹˡ
ﲮүүʵöѪɷħ״ﻻȡŲҳǲҳŹϵϢķ㹻ҳ޷֡һ˵Լ
˵֮˵񾭶
Ųҳ˵̫ҪˣҪûеĻоԼᱻѪ
ǣеĻȴֲ㽻ôʹƴ˺Ƥвҡ
ǳţҲŵսȭͷҲǳŲҳΪЩҳҲǸı˵Ķ
׵ǺƽЩҳֻǺѡ
Са͸˵ˣ˿̾һҪѧϰ£ġ
ٿҼ󣬱㲻˼˵Ųҳѯһ¡
ҵȻҴ󣬿ղصıҳҲɲ٣ֲ֪ܵĲҳӡ
Ϊ˿ѰҪĶҼֱһдʮ鴫ѶԴȥѯʼи𱣹Ʒˡ
ˣ
˺һ˼˴Ѷ˻
ҵˣһֶĲҳǰѲҳ͹ûֶҪġҼһ˵ţһ˸æ˻һϺõ衣
ϵļǮǺܸߣǸ߼Ҳд
οһ̸νôҼõĺôܹݵġ
ֶ֪л䣿Ϊ˴ĵʱ䣬ҼһЩ⡣
ңҼ֪ûл󣬻Ҹҽβ׼ҡ
Ҷԣܹõһȸ߼ҵ׼ңôһŮҸʵǴ׬׬
ϧȻӦҼˣҲûֱӾֻܾ˵ҪȻȥһʳ
йоأҲҼ뷨ҼҲͲ˵ⷽ飬ǸĿ顣
ʱֹȥʮӺһ˴ŲҳҼķС
ֶ㿴ǷŲҳҼҳ͹󣬱ҳתϡ
ȻҲżûбֳװŲҳĺӡ
ǣŲҳȻҲֽʽүүҿһҳ񡣡źҡҡͷ
ǾڵȵȣĶҲܿͻҼΪȻ˵Ҳа̾һϧ
ͬʱҲϣײҳܹһ˵Ǹ
ֹ˼Ӻ󣬵ڶײҳֱ͵Ҽϡ
ֻһεɲǣֽһɲ
ֶ̾һӦþˡҼرڴһǡ
սֻдѧʿļ壬ҪһԵѪɷħ׾õѡҼҲõѪɷħס
֨ѽ
Ҽһ˵ʱײҳҲڱ͹ˡ
ײҳߵ˲䣬ͻȻһ£漴оͳѹֲסĿϲ
ɿϲʱ䲢ǺܳոڽҳҼûпһֱעٶףȴǿı顣
ڱõ𣬻еСڴаһ䣬׸ղǹ˼
ֶ㿴ײҳ𣿡Ҽ亹һײҳ͵ߡ
ҪǵĻôҼͰװ״һı
ҪǣҼǿȡɹѪɷħ׵˲ˣҪ˵߻һʿ
ţײҳϢֽšүү˵Ǹûв´ĻôӦþˡҳ󣬱Сĵļһߡ
ļ飬ѾȷҳԼҪҵĲҳΪ˲ҼĻɣڹ۲˺һ󣬲˵仰
̫ˣֻҪҪĶͺáҼҲһװ׵ֵѪɷħ׷ߡ
ڲҳ飬ҼûȥǣĲҳҶ֪ۼƶˣûһܹҼ˳ҵĲҳһѪɷħҳ󣬾Ҳͬˡ
һײ֪ʱŻռĲҳȡһöѪɷħףǾ׬ˡ
ﲮԸʹĻôҾʹүүöѪɷħŲҳһȻ˵
ʵȻô˵ģϸûзſҳ˼
˵ⶫȻѾԼϣôûнȥĵ
ҵȻˣҶռҳûаáҼЦһû˵ֽӹѪɷħס
ùѪɷħ׺Ҽעһ
ȻãֻҪٵͿԼʹãҹȻҲһϲŵĴҡҼȷѪɷħ׵ʵԺдΪϲ
ﲮүүЩԽǰռҳˣȻһҪĲҳѾҵˣôҾͲˡõҳ֮󣬱ܵľҪϽ뿪
ǣҼȴڰ˵ֶѵһδôȥ̫ȤˣͬʱҲЦҵġ
ҼȻô뿪ˣ˵ӵԼĳаݷãҪǵöԷȥĻôҿɾͶ˶ˡ


129 ձأϣ
ﲮҡ
ɣ֪Ҽռҳ飬Ҳ㣬ú졣
Ҽ˵ʲôֱӴĻͣʱ䶨
ðɣҾˡľܾ֪ҪԼھܾĻ͵ڴҼˡ
Ŷԣ΢Ƭ̣ͽСŮд㣬˳ϤһǡҼһ˵ţһ߶˵˴к
֮ûãһ˵Ů뵽˷УͬʱҼͿʼ
һ򿪣˺þá
ˣȥǼĴתתȻںúô档
ǣף
Ҽ˵ϰ뿪䷿ˡ
ǼһߣҼ͸æſʼúõоѪɷħףƲһܹӳٵ
⡣
ڳ֮ҲͶһۣ˵үҴСаһΧĻڼԼСġ
׿øȥ֣ûб¶֮ǰ׿»װһ£Ѿ֪ʿˣôװȥҲûκ塣
Ȼ׵ܲӣ΢Ц˵ˣ
ֻȻô˵ȴ뵽뿪˸ãֻҪһ뿪ôԺұҵСסȻԼҸ뿪漴дձصȵ֮
ôƵģΪ׸һΪ뿪֮󣬲ȥձأȻõǴ˵е֮
ԣԳûץסյֱһιǵʱ򣬾Ͱ֮ٻ
Ļᱩ¶ҳԴձصܣֻҪ֮õôҲη塣
ǿҲǴѧʿѣȲ˵֮򲻴ùѧʿ򲻹Ҳֱӻҡ
ֻҪһңȻչֳԼʱͻΪҵļ̳ˣȻٰҵһΣеԴ
뷨
磬ʿһ㲻ӦΪȴҪ뿪͵δʱ򣬱ϵŮСһ䡣
ãĻȻңڲҵôΣա
꣬Ҳǣ
ܻ˵ŮĳƺҲһǵŮӽһЦ
һһģ߳ҵĴš
һԵ˵ЦҲʶΪǴһ£û뵽ıһҪձء
Ȼû뵽ȴ뵽ˡ
һߣ׸Саֿ㰵ͷųǿĸ֪ȥӦķλ
һԵСа׵ΪͻȻЩȻʣûʳ
ǳۼƵľ飬СаҪĻôҲ˵ײĻҲǰʡ
Ѿ뿪ʱײСĶСа˵СаǸһأûв´ĻƾǼҳҳֱܹӴ򿪱صĴţ㰵иȥʲôıء
ʦǼһıأǣһ֪ĻСа󣬵һʱ䲻ȥıص⣬ǹ׵İȫ
׿ɾСаһУҲСаδϣҪױͨɱĻ֪Լܹô˵ģһϽ̵Լʦ
İɣҼҲôοôҲûǸûСаʲôǱϵʿۣһͨ·
һ׵òҲͱСаˡ
Са׵ĵһۣǳ𾪺ɻ
㡭СаеԼе㲻ʹϿ˰죬žʵʦ𣿡
ң˭
ûйСа⣬ΪСаϹ£ֱͷųһ齣֮Դ֤Լݡ
ɼˣСаеԽܡ
Ҫ֪СаԼһʮüˣײֻһʮꡣ
˵ϣ׵ľ䣬ƾòСа֪ײᳬʮġ
һʮ꣬ȻǿĽ⣬ѧʿرںܲСа𾪡
ȻҪرפշ͵˵ˡ
ˣʦһرפշСаڶݵ֮ȻвԣаʦʦҷõĵҩյЧϵİ̺ۣǳ˺ܶࡣ
Са˼ö컯컯ǿ£ǱѾ˵˰̣ʼƤȻ󳤳⡣
ֻƤʱ䣬Саǰѿˣڴϣ˵Ĳ
һȷǴںóСаҲӣŮһ㶼̫Ͱд컯Саָòˡ
ô˵СаҲͽܣͽһ㶼ĻԼԼġ
ϹˣΪʦû󣬲ѧȺ󣬴ΪʦȻҵ£ôպֻҼɡ׼СаϹ룬ʶĶһ·һܹϹһ㡣
ѧȺ󣬴ΪʦСаظ׵Ļаеһ仰ʦȻûҴ󣬵º֪ʶȻҸߺܶࡣ
ʦ㲻ҵʿ𣿡СаһСһ⡣
ҸȥȥʿҲҪҡװ뿪ЦĻشһ䣬Ҳ뻺һա
ȻʦʿôʦŰɣʦŶ֪Саʵ⣬֮ǰǸֻΪ̵Ķѡ
ҵ𣿡󣬾΢ͣƬ̡
ǲ˵Լţֻʱԣһ˵ĻСаĴ϶̫󣬶ڻûнڽͲһõʱ
뵽ױҡҡͷСа˵ҵЩʱո㡣
֪ˣһᾡŬʦϿҵġСа·ʲôɫ˲е
ʵײԼţΪײûдΪͽĿǰֻǻһڣŲԼš
ֻҪû׵ţô׸첻̵СаˣҲʱ뿪߹ôСаֲ֪׵ţһ뿪ĻҲס
СаĻ֪һˣûҪȥͣСаĻ˵Ҫҵͽܣôڷǲܵģ㻹Ҫ㹻Լǿţо۹ȵȣҪŬһЩȡͨҵĿ顣
š۹⡭Са׵ĻСظһߣ˫۶ʱһ󾫹⣬ͬʱĵͷ˵һġ
֮ǰһ仰ױ㻽СаĶԵ


130 ձأУ
׼СаƱȫǸֳһ˿ԵЦݡ
ˣڸϽȥɣҪ˿¾ͻıءСа˵һ䣬漴ʹͷȥ
˾ҵĴſڱͲԶû߶þǰ
͵ǼһǰʱСаͻȻ˵ʦǰҵĻǾôֱֱ߹ȥǿ϶ᷢǵġ
õģֻ߼ɣײΪȻ˵š
ȻҲ֪һ㣬Ȼһͨ·ǾͱʾӦԵķ
СаȰ˵ףɼȻѾˣôٶ˵϶Ҳûá
ǣ͵СаѾ˻·׼ʱȴԼ߹ʱǼ˷·𿴲Լһ㣬ôõ뿪ҡ
ֱ뿪ҵĴһξСаȺһ۶ûȥǡ
ʦ⵽ô£ΪʲôǷ·𿴲һ㣬ҿҲˣΪǵĽŲСаջ̲סʳʡ
һҶĿ̩ɽֶΡһЦΪСа͵һҶĿҵͨǵΣͨ˿ǡ
׵һҶĿ磬ͨʵֻܹһСͨϾ΢ǿһ˾ͿԿơ
˵׺ͨ뿪ңΪ˲⣬ֱӶʥ֮ʥ֮ʥ뿪ҡ
֮׾СĵĸϢҵǡ
ѾָԭòԾվıҲϳ
СаǼһҶĿͨΣһͿˡ
ϾֻһʮܷСаĴڡ
ǸҵСʵ뿴һҶĿͨеģǸбС
пܿһҶĿǿҲν
ΪбС֪ʲô״ϳСаҲΪСаڰб뷨ܺ
һͬǹ˺һڳ鵽һᣬ˵ҪȥСϲȻһ߽һ鱦
鱦һֺ̣ܳǴһЩٻߵҳģ΢һ鱦󣬻Ѿһ˵
Щеֻܹάּ죬ҲеĿάּ£õľˣǵļ۸̫ˣͨ˺
ˣ󲿷ֶҲòõֻ߲ŻṺõ
һ뿪ˣǴҪˡ׼鱦ҲͶСакһȻһͬ˽ȥ
鱦ڵ˽ֻʶĿһףȻͶûʲôֱߵ鱦һ̴ߡ
Ǹ̴С˵˼仰̴ӱ뿪˴Ŵ鱦ĺ˳ȥ
ߺ뿪ˣǹаһͳȥǸ̴ǰ
ղųȥλӣСδС㻳ŮȾԿҲľͶ̴˵ôԡ
һ˵꣬Ǹ̴ӵһ㶣漴ŽͰ͵˵ղλ˵ҪһСϾϲԲҪǵĺš
̴һ˵꣬жʱһɡ
ʵϣֽţҲ˲þܾ׺ѡĶĽڡ
ȻѾײˣôΪ׷ȥ˵ûдˣȻǴ˽˼ҵС㣬ҵϸȥ
õģ
̴ﶼûҪ󣬾ֱӴ鱦š
̴֮ӻԶһ㣬˵ղλǱȥˣ
лˣ
׶̴ӵлһʮҵ
̴Ҳû׻ңҲûоܾΪǴ˵һʲСĲƸ
Ѿˣǹġ׷ѾҲ˺оͰһ䡣
ͬʱСаҲ˵ʦ𣬿ˣϢҲˡ
СаΪҲԸӦ˵Ϣֻ׵ĸ֪Ҫ׵͵Ĳһ㡣
ʱ򲻽СаӦˣͬҲӦˡ
Ƭ̣ʲôûзֻ֣̾˵ĳֶ𣬿Ȼ׼
͵ѾѰҵʱͻȻָܵһɲѰĲ
ȵȣһɵ
һʱ׾ҲİѰ֮ٻ˳Դ˼Ӵĸ֪
ҵˣǱߣ
ͨԴ֪׽˼ӵʱ䣬Ͷλλá
ߣ
ҵλú׶Са˵һ䣬漴ŲԶһͨȥ
񷿿ȥԺҲСݶѣڴÿһжܳ
վƬ̣͸ȷˡ
ԼϢȻһլöԷԼϢƬ̣֪òҳٻأѾˡƣѾȫµˡ
ڣ֪Ѿҵ⣬ʱڶ踺أһñϲ֮С
ŲҳռŲҳˣȻһŲҳûҵձֻžͿԴ򿪡һ˷ܵţһ߽ԼŲҳԼոմϵõŲҳ˳

ҳձһͬóڵķھ͹һۿĺڷ硣
ںڷֵһ˲䣬ǾűûֵĲҳҲʼֳ֡
ָֻڵֲ̫󣬼֪ҳصǲҳϵ˵ʲô
ⲢûйϵΪҳֳ֮󣬾ԶһҳҳĵһһǿͻȻ֣׶һҲľóˡͶת
ƣߣ
óʥ֮ҲľٻƣȻ˲뿪񷿵Χ
ƵٶȺܿ죬׻ʹһʥ֮ԴҲ34ӵʱ䣬ͳ5ҡ
ٶʵĺܾˣԭһʮǧľ磬źܴĲࡣ
뿪ôԶ֮ǹΣвŽɢ
ʦ𣬷ʲô飿СаûзӦʲô飬ͷԼŷɳ˺ԶҲһ䡣
òһõѡ񣬿ڡ
˻
ҪСа˵һԼܵΣûпڣǰ治ԶĿռʹһ޴Ŀռ˺ѡ
ǿҵĿռ˺£֪ٷݡࡢ˺Ƭ
ֲǣɿռ˺ѵķΧ̫ˣڵķΪԭ㣬˲ʹݻֱڵһ
ǣһѾΣˡ


131 ձأ£
ռ˺ѵĳ̫ˣżǿĸ֪ܹһʱ䷢Ļڵһʱ
Ҳ˵ڿռ˺ѷΧڵ壬ڴѾ׶༪ˡ
ռ˺ֲֿ޷ܣ𡢺ִѧʿһˣп»
ʹ˺ѵļΪҪлԼֻһ취þȣǾǺ֮
֮Ͳùˣ޷д鼮£Ψһ̵ܹľ֮ˡ
ԣҲǷǳԼ˳
Һǰ㿪ˣȻܹСаȴ˵ˡ׿ͬĩհľаԸпһ䡣
֪֮ʥߣԾ֮а취һˣǸһСаȴпⳡ֮С
˸ղ׿뿪ѡǳȷ
ʦЩĻᶼûУôⳡ֮ССаķѵĿռ䣬ԼصĲ֫Ѫһǰδеѹ֡
ûмִģĲСаǵһμ
ʦǸҹӵҪʲôأȻӭǿѡ
һ̣СажһȥˣΪһֱĿڱϣ־棬ȴԵĶʾ
ѾˣӦҲǱƭˣҪɿռ˺֮ᷢʲô顣ҲǷǳϧ
ʵһֱûиױʲô׾ȥƲᷢʲôûκ鱨£Ҳûκͷ
ĿǰܹΨһǵȴֻҪһ鲻ԣͻСа뿪
ǵգײȥȣ
Ⱦңܲˡ
찡塢幥ˣǿһܡ
ʥ߿飬ǵİҪ㡣
ܣܣǧҪȺ塢׷ϡ
ڲڿĿռ˺ʱΪסĽȻһȿֺųǱȥ
׿󣬱ҡҡͷ
̫ģȥĻǻв˱Щûĺӡ׽˵Լ뷨
ǱϾҲһͳУ˿ǲ࣬ʮϣȻռ˺ѿ϶һˣԲڵķΧҲ˶ѡ
ʣµ࣬ȷʵûܵв
ģ֮£ôͿ϶ֲ̤гҴٵ󣬻ǳҳɱ֮־ȥĻôҪ˵Ҫȿռ˺Ļࡣ
ҲҪţⲻסֻ֣ǿռ쳣
ҶסҼϾͻᰲ뿪
ȫҹغԼֽţ˭ǳû٣ұضɱ
׸п֮ʱվˡ
Ҽ˼ԿԶҵλã˿ռ˺ûҼǱܵ˺
ҵλС㣬ʱǸˡ
ڣҼ֪һеԴǱϾҵĳУȻҪվά־档
Ҽ㹻ߣŸһ棬ҵĳٱ߳ɡ
ʣµɻҵص㣬Ҳܿҵӵǰȥ֧Ԯò˶Щվͻᱻ
˲ŤתҲһΪҪҵڲܵĻֻԳˡ
ȻʥˣʮĻǻæġ
һѣֲʧԼʲôҲ׳ˡ
ʦǱһӾҪˣ滹ӣ
СаҲĴڷΣպֱӾ˽ƣٶӳȥҪŷݳ׵ǰǾ
ȡ
׻СаһȣΪ֪Саٶȸ죬СаʱѾ뿪ˣױ΢һ£󽫡Զʮ˳
Ӱ
ԶʮҲΪʥ飬ʹʱҪ֮ǰ
ಣಣಣ
ⲻ׸һԼתΪӰʱаֱٰ֮ӳѾһΧȻмϵƷ
һȻǵˣǺȴûܵκ˺
ʦ𣡡
СаԼϹѾ˺бܵľһɱǵܵһɼǿĽ󣬾֪׾ǡ
ҲǿԾ˵ģҲ׾ӺȻеˡ
ǣ͵ոһЩýʱͻȻһΣС
ãһǿĺڰڽ٣·Ǵĺڰ滹һЩζ
Ӧһױֱ̧ͷ˿ռѷǱߡ
ţռѷȻγһ֮ţѲɻձأʱ׿һţһǳĴš
ţǧףҲϣһš
׿ʱѾһѷ죬ɾôһѷ죬ȴɢ޾ĺڰϢ
ԲǱصĴţһڰ֮ţŵĺпܻס壡
׸ܵźϢʱ֪鷳ˡ
һԤУһų״򿪣ôǽڣЩ඼޹ģԲܹôǡ׿һЩҴ࣬뵽˾֮С
ô˵ҲֻһʥдһʥĻûаӦԽ飬˶˵뿪õѡ
ֻһ뿪ĻЩվͳûˡ
˵һһѧʿɳѧʿдһʥȻƽ飬ȻǴѧʿҲ޿κΡ
ʥдģЩյΨһϣ׵ˡ
ټϣΪڰ֮ŵĳ֣ٶԼôһĹϵҪҪʵԸĻⱲӶûпܴǾŲҳ
һǲ뿪Ͼ¸ҲйϵҾ;ԼŬɣʵڲеĻҾٻ֮
׻һ֮ĵƣ˵֮ûְףΣգ֮ܶȡ
ıϣûϵĻ׾ѡ뿪
Ҫ֪ڵѾΪԼˣã飬Ҫ칬
Ƕ£飬գ˵ŵҪԶ˵мֵ
ȥ֪ͨһңǾѰͳȥ赲ڰ֮ŵĴ򿪡
뷨֮׾ͼԦŽƳҼǱ߷ȥ
ҼæͻȻֵΣԵоһǿĽҿٿ֮󣬸æóԼ飬Ȼڳһս̬


132 ڰ֮
·׸ûԼΣֱӴŽҼǰ
ҼһģʱֱӰǸĺԺ˹ȥͬʱ˵ҼĺԺҷһش飬Ҫھ͸˵
Ҽӹ׵Ȼϸһ󣬱ŷ
ԭĺԺ㷢ʲôҼһμףûϳ׵ݣֻΪһ齣֮Ժ
ǰղŵĿռ˺Ѿˣ˺תһڰ֮ţһǸڰ֮źп壬Ҳп壬һЩûм壬֮һֶǺ飬ΪӦȫסŴ򿪵ʱ䣬ԵĻûٵ׵ĻֱףûһĨǡ
˵ʵҲûʱĨǡ
ҲܵһܵϢҪôȥֹŴ򿪡ҼصĿźڰţ˼⵽ʲôĴڡ
ҪôһǿĿռ֮ţҪٵУԥһᣬ漴ʵ
ʥ߲ܹƿռ䣬ģĲĸʥֲֻܹһͨУôʸĸʥ֡Ҽ˵Ŀ
ҼĽ飬뷨ڰ֮ռĲҳٻģӦĳһӡеҼȻĻôӦ塣
ܹ뵽ĻЩ׻治
磬ΪʲôΪֻᱻΪҳźʲôȵ飬ûа취ȥ¡
ô˼һͶҼ˵ʥ߾ԲģΪͲֵãпԶʱµȻ˲СĸˣҴôһڰ֮š
ֻô˵ᵽһҼĻɡ
˵Ĳ²пܣڰ֮ҲȷʵһɹϵϢҼüͷϿ׵Ŀ
УҲ˲뵽ҳֻǻɣȷ
֨ѽ
׸Ҽʱ򣬺ڰ֮Ųִ֪һ㡣
һ򿪣ǹɺڰϢ͸Ũˡ
ȻǲȥǾֹ򿪣ҳûתƳˡ֪˵ȥˣ
ֻˣ
ҼҲͷȻټ˼һͬźڰ֮ŵĵطȥ
׿ҵжҲͿٷص˸ղŵĵطϾСа
СаⱾ뿪ǣҴ飬ͻ㡣׽һ׼˵ġƵֳ˳
ֳСаֻҪײرԶôͶԱȺӦ
ϧȻô룬Саûн鼮ֻǵͷ˵
Са鲻ܹģȥңΣյĻһһʱ뿪׼Са˵֪뷨
˵زСаֻǳĬ˵̬Ȼеûޡ
˳Ĭ˽ʮӵʱ䣬ײڰ
ðɣԸߣһжҪָӣûҵԲ˽ж׺˵
Саߣ͵˼ĸѹϾڶ֪ԼҪԵʲôȻҲûʲôԲ߿ԡ
һģʦ𣡡СаԼĿѾﵽôȻ׵Ļ
ңСаҲԼ⣬ΪҪ
СаĿ϶Ҳһ֪СаƢȻǿԼĳŵȴǷǳӡ
һ׾ͰСа´֮ϣһͬڰ֮ŵĲԶ
׻ǰѡƵСаͬʱⱾһ鼮ĸ֪ܵԴӴԺҪⱾã𣿡
ףСаʵ̫ף׵˼Ȿϡ
СаȻ㲻Ǵӽ쿪ʼҪÿٰⱾһ飬вʶʱҡ׼СаȻԼ飬СаҪ
ǡСаһҪ飬ʱʹ˵Щʲô
Ȼλ߹󣬿ҪԴ̫ˣҲ۳һ˿⣬˾ǶҲûгΪĿԡ
ûпǣҸʦҪ뵱ҵͽܣͱҪô״СаĻ
Ƶɲͨ鼮ⱾĻСа˵ֻкôûл
ûʱСаϸ˵ֻʦһѹСаˡ
ǣͽף
׵ѹȣСаȻԸ飬ȴòͬ
СаӦ֮󣬾ȽƵŵ˻С
ôһţСаʱһȻȵ˵ʦҸܵǸŵϢֲܿ
Са٣ûжһ鼮֪˿ֲ⣬ܹʲôʻȥݺڰ֮š
ڰ֮ɢѾôֲˣɴ˿ɼźĶǶôΣաصĿźڰ֮š
˵ĹҼѾȥֹſˣֹЧѡ
ڰ֮ŴʱĴ򿪡
꣡
˺һڰ֮ͻȻҡһ£漴˫԰׵ƴŷ˳
ƵĴС˫֣Щ˫ֲرĲ԰ףͬʱȥûκ·˵˫һ㡣
ô֣ŵʲôĴڣѲһذĴڣ
Ϊų˺ڰϢʶľ뵽ء
ͷŸոҡҡͷߵ磬꣬Щ˫ֶʵĴڣֻǲûѡ
һˣͻȻٻһѳӰеһ˫նȥ

ԭޱȵĳӰڴֻʱȻײ
ӰΣӰ
Ÿ̽Щ֣һҵ˾ͻȻг˳Ӱ֡
Ǹһ˵꣬оۼߵӵܣԼЩһֹڰ֮Ŵ򿪵ȫĿתƵߡ
㣬ĺԺȻʶʥߣõˡԶʮӡҼҲע⵽ף֪ĺԺû뵽׾Ǳˡ
ڲ˵Щʱ㿴Щڳֺ󣬴Ŵ򿪵ٶȸˡ׿ûⷽᣬһ仰Ͳ˻⡣
þֶΣȴҲûκΰ취ˣٶȶԣҪȫٻҪʮӵʱ䡣Ҽ˵
Ӵųֵ˲䣬Ҿһֱ¼ſ״̬Ŵ򿪵ٶȲ㣬ôʮӺͻ᳹״򿪡
ʮǾ͵һȰɣ
װ̾һڳ˵ȣҲûʲôõİ취


133 ʬ
ʱһһţڰ֮Ҳ򿪵ԽԽ
˵껰֮ҲʮҵĹ򣬺ڰ֮򿪵ĴСѾв๻һͨˡ
ֵԽԽˣŵĺѵһȺںڰ಻УҼٿ˫ֵѾﵽһ̶ʱ૵һ䡣
Ծ̫Ծˣ׿ͻȻ뵽ʲôȻΧ˵ϸ룬Ÿףǧףϵ¶˫ֳ֣Ҳ˵ǱһȺѹŵģĻƾҪѹĶðɣٿǣ
һ˵꣬Χ˶ʶЩ˫֡
Ӱ޷նϵ˫֣ôѹɿţЩֵ˾ԲͨĴڡ
Ѿ鱨ȥˣǸղŵĿռ˺Χռ䲻ȶԺִѧʿ޷ֱӹҪСʱſԡ
ӽٶȣսͳ׼һɲԤС
֮ҲһֱţΪ˷ֹһ⣬ǻٻһƷʲķۣʱ롣
ҿǵܵ
쿴ˣи˴Ϸˡ
һˣķװʽ죬ҷ·һ濴
ԣп·ǻмһ滭ԶʱĳһĻ
ˣԺѧϰԶʷʱᱻἰһаҹ۹ĹңഫǸʢһʱ֪ǺԭͻȻһҹ֮ʧˡ
ʮ˿ڵĵ۹һҹ֮䳷ʧԶʱڶΪ𶯣ԻԺ鼮У鶼мء
ˣк֪ܶڶרоǸʱڵ飬һЩдǸﴫǣҪٻǸʱڵӢԼ֪飬ϧȫʧˡ
˾һͨǸ֮˵ķװ뵽һ˿˿
ҹ۹Զʱһҹʧĵ۹
ҲаЩؼĬһ䡣
ûϹԺҲûѧϰԶʱڵʷԶΪҹ۹ʷǺ
Щ˵Ļ֪ź磬ͺпǰҹ۹ˡ
ĻôرѣҴӰҹ۹֪ԹúڰĹңһвûеô⡣аһ䣬ͰעеǸϡ
ֹעŵǸϣҵˣԼ֧ԮߡҲעǸϡ

ǣ͵Ϊ鲻رʱǸȻһ漴һ߿ٳȥȻֱӶ˽
Һ߷ӳҲܿ죬˶˲䣬ֱӶ㿪ĹСĵĹ۲
ȵȣǸ˵۾ûͫף˫ɫģûκεͬʱܹоĺڰܴ󡣡׵ľ϶ǲѧʿģĸ֪ǴѧʿҲ
ǸղѾаѡƵٻ˳˿̵ĸ֪ҪûⱾ֮ӳֵʱǿʮ
׾Ǳ۾궼ܹӦǸ˲Ծ
ûȴܹжһǸҲͬΪܹܵŵʶ״˿뵽˵Ѷ׫һΪɥʬ
ɥʬһûʶֻṥһдĴڣǸӦκʹΨһİþǳԣֻҪǻŵĶǾҪԡ
Ӻڰ֮࣬ɥʬεȵƣֻڹ˵ʱʹõһѧɣȫܣ׶϶ǻֻۣߵǻԲߡ
žžž
͵׹۲ǸӺڰ֮ڳʱڰִ֮һЩҿʼŴ
ЩǴǧ׵ĸ߿յģغֻǾһЩݵȻͿɵĻˣǹ
Ȼ֪ҹ۹׷ʲô飬ǴЩ˿ȥһѣ˲ˡģصĿЩҹ۹񣬲˼ŸζԸǡ
ɶЩҹ۹ǿ·Ǿһ㣬ȥĻһǴģĳǵͨİǶԴˡһڲͣѰЩʬ㣬˰춼Ҳ
з֣Ǻ»棬ȵĻԻǡ
ٻ棬û濾ǡ
УЩԽԽˣÿɱһҪңȥĻǸס
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ΪҪǣ֮£ֻٻܹЩŰĻʬǸŲó
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ȻչزǲܹȥˡصĿ·ҵĳһ
ز׻ΪĻٹЩʬҪȺˡ
ЩʬԣǵͨոһܲסױͷųǿһǿĨԴ˸Щȡʱ䡣
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͵״֮ʱͻȻһϵ뵽˵ĶУǵ¶Ⱦ˲ȣһһž޴ĻǴӰ֮׹
׹λãþȺʬŰλá
ǴѧʿˣٻԶŵǳ
˵Զʱһǳ֮ϣ˲ʹݻĹ֮ء
ǳȻûôЩﶼ
ǸϽˣҪǳ֮˵
Щ֮˿ǳֺжϲãȻٳ˻ǸǵķΧ
ҵĴѧʿڳˡ׿ǺҲһ
ֻ֪ǸոտʼΪڰ֮ԽԽ󣬽սǴѧʿҲ֧š
䣡
Щҵ֮󣬻Ǿֱ˻ʬ룬ȻΪһǿĻ˲ͰеĻʬС
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ЩĻʬʱͷҽ֮Ǿڲҽ֮ȫΪ˻ҽ
ȫˣ֮ʱҷ·𿴵ȫΪһźȻû뵽ڰ֮С
Ǻڰ֮ӦǽɵĴڣҪҪϱʥأ
ϱϱʥأЩҪ˾ҪľǱͨճ롣
Ҳǣˡ
ѧʿȻǿֶ˵һĻʬǺڰ֮ŵĺ滹źܶĻʬÿһӶʬ


134 ͻ
游ˡ
Ҽѧʿ֮ҲǾϲ
ô飬ҵȻҪˣɷ鵽ųֵԭ򣿡ѧʿĿһҼгָͲ
Ȼѧʿô˵ͬʱҼƺҵĴѧʿʵСˡ
֪ҵһ˿ܸйءҼȻǻûȷе֤ݣԲҿ϶
Ĵ½̫ûбսѾǴܵϡѧʿһνжʱͱһŭ
ŭһܿʮɢźĻ壬Զǰ
ȥ
ѧʿֻǶŻһָЩԶΪ򣬳·ոյЩʬȥ
֮һҵĲ漴ЩոµĻʬֱˡ
һΣɻΪ뵽˺ڰ֮С
ڰй۲һΪûرע⣬ûзЩãһڷ˺á
ЩӴ򿪵ٶȣҲ˵ɱĹԽ࣬Ŵ򿪵ľԽ졣װԼֵΧˡ
һ˵꣬Щ˾ͶĿת˺ڰ֮š
Ȼڰ֮Ŵ򿪵ٶֱˡ
ȻӿٶȲ࣬ΪԽԽÿһӶаٸԽԽ࣬ƲӾҪʮȴȫʱǽͬһӿֳ
ɶ¸Ǻã
Ҹ߲Ѽ˵󣬾ͶҵǸ棬ҲҴѧʿ
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ǧҿһʾ޿ֻһңҲǼĸܵһ˿ˣЩкܴһ׬ģҼЩңҶǵİղŲʡ
÷ˡȡ֮֮񡯵ΪѡҲʱΧЩҵиеο
ҲǰԵͷ˵Щʬ»ûɽסȷʵһѡ񡣡
ֶΣҲʹ˳ˣϾѾϱ˴ҪǼŵĻһкִѧʿôа˳ɵļҪ¶
͵׸ո뵽ʱҼͻȻ׵ĶߣλĺԺСѣҼǣ֪ǷԸһͬ뿪
һҶԣԺͨȻѵãһȥĽύϾЩÿ궼һЩԺӵܡ
Ҽеֻûвѡ
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СѼˣǴģ¾ˡҼҲҡҡͷʾײҪ顣
ȻҼ˼ôȻؿƿ׿óҲԶ˲ִ£ΪҲŻ
κڰ֮ųòڷһԴԴϵĻʬӿֳǴһȥĻͻᷢҲһ
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ٱ磬ʥа취ƿڰ֮ţһʥߵõڰ֮ţ˵ܹоƻʬķʱ͵ӵһ֮
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׸ҪߣûߵʱҼͻȻһ䣺Сѣ֪ʲô֣
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˵ĻʵѾϸˣΪ˴ΪˣֻҪǸԼ޹صΣգҲðű¶ȥ
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ٻᣡͬһԦŽ뿪
ԸΥײŸҪ뿪Ҽ˫۶ʱͱһɱ⣬ֻһâžһֳֳǹԶӢ飬׵
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Ӣһóǹ׵ıһȥ
Σգ
ӢŸһ׾ƾǿĸ֪һ㣬ҲľͰȥע뵽ˡͶ򴫡棬ͬʱаһң
׵ͷһնʱͳ׵󣬲ϵĽ𹿰ԶӢһ
ʲôһʿ͵Ϯ׸ղĺΣգعͷ֮ͷŭĿҼ
ߣҼһ˵Ϊڰ֮žһֲ߻ģȻһֱűǸŮòϢǸղһƣҺܲɵı֮˿ˣ֪Ǹһġ
Ҽһ˵ţһ߶űϵʹһǿٽΧס
ôһ˵׶ʱ֪Լô¶ˡ
ղСаΪ˾ȺʱĽƣ˱˿ò
СаһֱڽϵĻЩ˵۾޷ʥ֮һĽƣֱӿСаӡ
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ɲ򵥣ʶףӵ칬ֶΣ࣬ԽһҪҼôġ
칬ϢѾ֪ˣ칬óٻӵ飬ҲΪܻ˳
ⲻٻյ˲䣬ҼͰ칬ˡ
ҳ֪ĿģҲŪôһĺڰ֮ţ֮ûбҪսȻƣȴ


135 ʶʱ
׶ԣһûбҪսɲΪƴһ
ûбҪս֪Ϊ飬ʧ˶Դ˶ˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ
Сĺӣ鱨ԣ칬֮˿ٻܶӡ
ֻҪǾȥԺȥ칬Ŀʲôӡ
칬չһ֣֪֯ǵĿĲС
ʲô칬عȻǸǴľ£һٻôаĶǾҪǸۡ
׸һ˵֮꣬˾ͷ׷׿ָȻͰѸԵٻ˳
׾֪Ͻûпˡ
ʦ𣬶Բ𣡡
һԵСаױ֮ΧסǸֳһ˿ţֱΡ
СаҲЩ˵̸ȻΪű¶ġ
һ⣬ĺԺݣԼʥʶ飬ҲСа𾪲ѡ
֮ǰ뵽׵ݿܸܺ߹󣬿ôҲ벻׾ȻԺ
ϸҲǣᣬǿʵȻԺһصˡ
Са𾪵ģҪʶһ㡣
ʥߡʥߡʥȵЩ׳ƺţСаʱû˵顣
Саݶԣ˵еһֻкͱ˵ĶԻвſ˭ԼʦȻϤ
СѣʶʥߵķϣҸһλᣬֻҪ־ܣҷӡҵϸ飬ұ֤һ˿һҼȻкǷŭǴ
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֮ǰҲǱ뷨Ż͵Ϯɱףϧղûгɹ
־ܣʵҼɱ׵ģΪһɱףͿԵõԶʮ͡Ͷ򴫡ӡ
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ȻһΪѧʿܵĵߣΪԼЩԸס
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⻰һͷϷȻһɫġ֣Χǧ飬Ҳڡֵǣ֮£ܿγһķ󣬽ڰ֮źȫ
ִѧʿ׿ߺɫ˼֡
ԭˣ֮ǰЩƭҵģڰ֮ŵĳָûиΧĿռ䣬뿪Ź˵ִѧʿ޷˵һеԵɣͬʱҼ
ȻѾˣôڵֿҲûõģ־ܰɡҼһָ˵־ܡ
ĺִѧʿʼնû˵һ仰ֻǾĿס

͵ΪԶ׵ʱͻȻЦ
һЦΧ֮˾Ȼ˹ףתԷСĵĹ۲Χ·Χеһ㡣
ҼҲ׵Цһھһ飬Χû󣬱ʵЦʲô
Цʲô˵ɫҲ˲Ҽ˵Ц㲻ʶʱ񣬼Ȼ֪칬ˣȻҴԲѵҪ־ܡ
Ȼ鵽ز֪ԼֻܶõˣƸ칬һЩƵ󻯡
Բѵ㣬Ȼڤ粻飬ôҽɱ㣬ĺԺҲҡҼһҵԶӢ飬ԼΧ׷˹
ɱף˭ʥӡ̫أĵʥӡ
ʦô죿СаܵõЩ˵ĹǿǷ׵·ֻܹЩ޷ܡ
׼СаЩһס֣˵ҪţмԺ󲻹ʲôҪ侲ֻ侲п뵽Բߡ
Саܵϵů󣬻ŵ˲͵õ˺תͬʱҲ仰ļС
ףСаѾ侲һֻ־ͶһץֱӽһƵ鼮ٻ˳
Ȿǰ֮飬Ƶ
췢ɱתơ
תƣһѡ
еͨʵҲкܶ𣬵ҪǸתͨλĻôĿǰǶͨһΪԸռ䷨
ǰĻǻ޷ͨ磬ǿʹһҲļľ
׵ͻһؿʹͨǰˡ
飡飡
ԶӢҵȡ
ۣлĹôϡ
ԾҵĹȻ
ʹó˶תƺ֮˵Ĺ˲ʹ
Ȼ׼ףǹȷʵԼˣһһʱ⡣
ôǵĹûƫΪʲôҼҲˡ
֮ǰΪ˵ʶʱǿԴ󣬿ڳһ飬˲һˮ
ҪţǸΧĿռ䣬ǵĹŻﲻ˵ȻվʵϲʱǸպִѧʿ˵ˡ
˵ʱΧһɼǿĸ֮£תƵ˲ͱ˴롣


136 
ΪһִѧʿҲ鼮ƿյı£Ҳֻϸ·ױֳıżĲࡣ
ˣִѧʿҲ˲Ȥ
ǿͨǿ鼮Ľλʵ̫ˣԻǷֿȴĺԺɡպִѧʿٺ˵ʱתƵѾĴ
ȻҲһ㣬ûӦԵֶΣֻܹŶתƱĵ
ı棬аһǺִѧʿڵңû֮濹
ִѧʿǽʥߵĴڣ򣬾ҲǿޱȣҪǶ鲻֪ж٣ֶθͨġ
УǾǺִѧʿļʶܶ࣬ۼģûо˸޷ģ¡
ϣĺԺҿΪ֮Ϊһ𣿡׼ִѧʿûֱӶ֣ʹ㽲һ
޹ء֣ҲԺ޹أйϵֻǴʹֻܽܵ飬޹أұ֤˺㡣ִѧʿ˳ŵ
һִѧʿĳŵǺģײԼϣ̫Ҳܽܵ顣
ǺǣҴԼ˽ˣ֮˸ղŻ͵ϮңҪǡ״һ漴һ֣Լ·
һʥٻգյǿ
գеһ㣬Χϡһ߼ԦŽ뿪һ߸һ
յõҲֱӰѽٻȻٷɵƶһ㣬ֱ𹿰Ǹطһҡ
һȫһһҲͺľʧˡ
꣡꣡
ʧ˲䣬Ǻִѧʿûµ룬һˡ
ĵص㣬þ׷ĵطٶȶԣֻҪٹͿ뿪ˡ
ײûзɾ裬¶һ˿εĿЦ
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ǸִѧʿҲûգҲ˵ǱƿҲûϵпܱ壬ϾҲǿԵӡõġ뵽ʱѾɵصıԵˡ
뵽һ㣬ýͣ
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ֻǣȴҡҡͷ˵թҪǼ뿪͵Ͷ
ɶǸͷСаʱպִѧʿ۹һЩˡ
ûϵа취뿪׶Саοһ䣬оͿʼλߵĴڡ
𣬿ϧ
Ķǿ
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Сֵܣ־𣿡΢ЦĿףӱϿȥȫս
ʵϣʵҲܹսˣֻܻ˵Ǻڵ׷ֿ
ǾĲ࣬״ʱдĻôȷʵпܶԿһִѧʿͨ״̬֮£ںִѧʿǰûһĵֿ
Ǻǣߵıȣ׾ȻЦ˳
εĴЦ׿ΪһЦһ˵ϣ칬ĴڲܹǵģϣεĽѵܹ֮һ㡣
Ҽסνѵôһ˵Ȼһ󲻽ˡ
ǣӺ󣬺ߵͻȻһ䣬Ȼ󾪿ֵĿ֮ϵףȷе˵ǿ׵Ϸ
ʲôǿѹЩʥߵϣҶûиܵߵ˲š
ϢѲʥ߽ˣ
Ǹٻʥˣ
Ȼ칬ӵʥߣֻʥ߽Σܲܶǳְɣ
ֹǺ߸ܵˣΧ֮˶ܵˡ
ֻǲǹϢѾԽʥߣΪƽʱûлӴʥߡ
żһʥߣôҲ˼ǵʥߵϢʲô
Ŀһ˵ı󣬾Ͱж֮˵֮һ󣬲һǸִѧʿ
ǹǿѹ֮
׸ܵԼ޷߿󣬾ֱӰ֮ٻ˳һֲκϢĳ֡
֪֮ǰĽλǳԽʥλԽλĴڣϢǲȫסκʥµĴڡ
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һ⣬뿪Ҳ֪ҵݡ̾һߴ֮Ͽ춯֡
һ԰㣬¶Щԣǿ֮˲²˭ĺԺȴˡ֮ж׾һ䡣
ĺԺнͣЩͲˡҡҡͷûȥ顣
ʵҲ֪סĺԺΪֺѧʿ֪ǸһģԳ飬ʱĺԺ֪ʱһĺԺԻ֪顣
ʱ칬֯˿϶סΪٻգҪ׼һڡ
ڿû˼ȥ룬ǻûΣء
׸֮˺ܶ໰ʵֻǵʯ֮䣬ΪʶģΧ˶ûз֮ĴڣֻǸ֮ܵϢѡ
칬֮𣿡
ʱ򣬺պִѧʿҲմһ䣬֮Ӱֻܹˡ
֮Ļ󣬶ʱһ칬֮ƺҲ
뷨ûԾҲˡ
׼֮еȤ󣬾͸æ˵㲻ܳ칬֮˵칬֮µľŮ
칬֮ԼĳƺȻϣ֮Լĳƺˡ
ң֮Գ칬֮£ȻڱֳǿսͿ칬ϸǿ
Ŷ£֮һ׵˼ûжŭֻɻһ䡣
һ˵꣬оһ⣬֮һ°Ĵˡ
ľľɻѾ˵ȥˣȻҲûа취ġ
ǣ΢ƽһ飬ӲͷƤ֮˵֮ҵ֪Ҫе֣˾ȵЩҲٵĶѣѲ㻹ںһٵݣ
ҲǣڵҶԣʲôݶҪˣȻϣôôҾΪһξŮɡ֮˵ʱͻȻһĪ


137 λ
ָ֪֮оγƺҪǻκһͨˣǶ֮ʧ䡯
Ǻպִѧʿ֮ܵϢȻжݵʱе𾪣ܿΪ֮ӦòλĴڡ
֮λĻô칬кαʱ칬Ҫһͳ߹ǲܡ
ɻһպִѧʿ⣬Ǿǵ칬һʱʥͶ칬֮һ˿²⣬ǾһûǩʥЭʥߡ
칬ʥǩЭеһԱôԲᰵȥСԺܴ
ڵĻպִѧʿôġ
ǿϢΪǶԷΪ֮ĿľҪԼ
ˣպִѧʿҧ˵칬֮β߻ϮǴѵͲĹ𣿡
칬֮㡭
պִѧʿΪ֮شԴٶ̼һ֮
ǣ˭ĻŸ˵һ룬ͱ֮ˡ
˵칬ĻôɾС˲Ϣ֮ͻҷ𡣡֮˻һڵˣԼЩˣ̧ͷա
һʱͷһ۵Ůӣ֮С
Ůӵߣռ䡢ʱ·ǾֹģΧҵĿ磬㷢ȴһ
һ󣬼ֱһ
УǿŮʱЩǵ˲ȶǺڰ֮ųɵĿ־塢ŵȸҲʧ
˼ǣڰ֮ŸЩʬֹҲ֮ܵӰ졣
Ůˣϵ𣿡
֣ڿ˲䣬ҾȻһִ޺ĸо
Ů˾칬֮𣬶ոպԳƱɣ
ɣѲŮѾԽʥλΪ˴˵ɣ
ףΪ֪Ϣû˼ȣ·͸һ㣬⵽ôˣ
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ţ׿϶ĵͷ˵һ칬ˣպҲ칬ˡ
ȻѾչزҲͲٶСа칬ˡ
칬ǵô֯ȻˡͻȻ֮䣬СаͶ칬һ˿
ʵСаָоڵĲʱ칬һ˿
Щɫڣײò̾òҲһʵ
⡭պִѧʿ֮һʱе㲻֪˵ʲôá
ȹ˺һż˵칬֮
칬֮µľŮǸڰ֮ŵȫһν칬֪ڰ֮Ż֮֡ûֱӶ֣ǰ׵Ľ˵ôһ仰
ǣ׵е߹պִѧʿˣΪֺ֮ͷ·Ժڰ֮һ㶼ˡ
ŮðţպִѧʿǶƺһ漴˵ԳΪɣѲɣ
ȫǣŮҡҡͷһĴ𰸡
ŮȻô˵Ǻպִѧʿȴǰȫɡ
ʵɣ칬Ȼӵɣǵʲô֯ڵĿΪʲô
칬ûлشıҪֻҪס칬ĴΪ壬Ϊ磬´ٸҸ칬ԣ³ֻһ
֮ѻһ˵ʱͻȻͶһץȻһٻԼϡ
֮ʱϵġƵҲ˲ʧˣٶȳʱѾ֮Ǳߡ
׷һа֮ȻٻƵһٻⱾҪʲô
׵ӡУҲһܹʹ鼮塣
ǣһʵûκθݣ֮¾ʵж뷨Ǵġ
ֻֽܷܷ֮Ƶһ򿪣ǵĴؾͶ
طɱ½
֮˰˸֣һ˵ǵĵͻȻѿȫγɵͷ׷ƶֱӳ˳ȥ
ۣۣ
ЩǿֻһͰҵ߸ˡ
ںպִѧʿǱߣǱϰôҲûмְӣȻͱһײ˳ȥ
Щ˶ߺǾַ׷׳˺ڰ֮ţȻǿаѺڰ֮뵽˵ص֮Уô֮ǿиˡ
ڰ֮һرգʱͻΪʧˣҲһ̳׻ָƽ
֮һкҲеôһȻղû
ס칬ֻһλᣬ´εĻҲ㰲ڴ롣֮źպִѧʿһͶ뵽֮С
һʧ׺ܿһעİȫԺͽҾŮɡ
֮ǰһ仰֮󲻹κûлӦԸ⡣
ȿȣ
·ĺպִѧʿ֪ߵڿ֮ͻָġһھѪ
ȻλĴڣ칬֮Ѳɣֻǲ֪ѣպִѧʿڸпе㲻̫Ÿղŵ״
Щᣬƾ˸Ҳš
λȻλ
պִѧʿ΢һ󣬽ִЦ
иˣҪˣǾȻλһֹһպִѧʿ̲סĻ
һλԸıһĵλԼĿ
ֲ칬ˣһηӣԭǾȻɼĴڣ칬ѾעˣϣܹΪǿպִѧʿȫ֮С
ЩҲһ૵˵Ž飬Լ׵顣
飬ҲպִѧʿЩûһս֮󣬾Ͷһ뿪Ƭ
һΣҲû˸ˣ׷ǳ϶ԺǿߣҲΪ칬κһˡ
Ҫ֪칬ڿһλĴڣͬʱλ칬ˣҲ˵칬Ӧûǿһľ͵칬λ
֪λĿǰҪˣôܹ˲ȡ
Ǵߵˣ֮¹ش֪ͨ˲⴫飬ΥֱӰﴦպִѧʿҲϣϢ֪ڵһʱ´˷


138 ļį

һСУ׺Саһ͹ڳŶСϰ׺ʻ
ʦλĴ𣿡
ۿ羰ʱСаͶһ⣬һһѾ˺üε⡣
λеģⲻùĵ⣬ҪǰǰЩԵ׶ǰʳ￴һۣȻֱһ⣬Саķֱա
أأ
Саﱻ˶˵ʱľȫ
׿СаӺԺͻȻһˡ
¶ǿԸǸ¶ֻǲ¶ôˡһ뵽£׵Ͼ¶һ˿ΥЦ⡣
Ц׷ĵЦ⣬֪ʲôʱʼѾܾûгָֹˡ
ֵвܹܵоůܹʲô𣿡˼µʱͻȻһϤͻȻ֡
һ֣ºСаͶתͷԱߡ
㣡֮׵ɫʱһ䣬ȻɻĿˣӦ˵ǲ
֮һγ֣Ϣͨ˾۾ȥΪһƽˣһ㶼ȥע
״̬£֮ǿӰͨҲڣ۾ȥѰҵĻվ֮ǰﻹĴڡ
ң֮ͷȻȻֱӰױϵĲ豭һ׵衣
ľٶҲûΪҲ֪Լ֮κ顣
ǾŮ칬֮еĴСа֮ױֵȫͬΪ֮пλĸ֡
仰˵СаΪ֮ǿļ֮һ
ȻСа֪֮ݣԼ׵ϵȻҲôˡ
֪㣬Саͽܡ֮Са˵ҲͶСа˵ͷ
֮û˵׵֣Ϊ֪һֱԼݡ
ʱǴоȵ˵Ȼ˵
ôѲΪֻ˵𡣡֮˵仰ʱоȻһ˿ӡ
ȻֻǺϸ΢һ񣬵ȷʵӵ
֣е޷Ӧܿͷ⣬Ǿıӣģ³ıӡ
ʦôܹԾŮֵ⣿һԵСа׵ʧ񣬸Ͻһ䡣
СаȻ֪׺ǿ֮ǿװ֮ŭ֮ɱףҪǰҲ鷳ġ
׼СаΪ֮˵ҲһƣⲢСа
ֻǣҲûа취ϸ˵صĿСа˵СаԺûҵ㲻ܸŮ˵һ仰κһ䶼ԡ
ΪʲôҪСаȻ޷һʱˡ
ΪΣգ˵ΣյĴڡ׸û֮ĸܣֱ˵ôһ仰
ǵѾ֪֮ܿˣһΪ֮ûĸ飬˵û̫ĸ顣
Ǹղ֮еӣϸĵķ֮ǷǳƽҲ˵ղŵǸпģ¡
ģ֮Īǿʼ뷨Ѳʲô಻õĴ㣿
һ뵽׾͸еԼİּˡ
СаʦһȴһϸʦԸĻתͶҵ°ɣ㽫ΪԽĴڡ֮СаûдӦ׵Ҫ󣬾ȻֱתͶʦš
֮пĿŵĴ
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׸֮Ĳʵ̫ˣֻܹóĬŭҰй۲Саı仯
һԵСа֮ҪΪͽȻһ˿ϲܿɫһӲȻҡҡͷҰǱŲŲȻ׵ߣ˵
˼Ѿˣ׵ҲֳʤЦݡ
ŮЩҪ㡣ײ˻⣬ʵҲûк㣬Ҳûдһ飬Ϊ㻹ܹܵҵ
ʳеʣԼ֮ԽԽܹˡ
ѵ㡢֮ĲҾ㲻κɸоҵ֮仰ݣʵӦǽŶԣ˵ʱǺƽ
ĻݣԵúǹ졣
һԵСа֮׵ĶԻҲһ˿ɻ
ʦôһ£Са̲סһ䣬ղֻ˵Саܹ֮˵ûСа˵
Ϊһûи࣬Ҳǳûи飬ֻǶԸرĵûеĵز׻û˵֮ݣȴصСа
ô˵ҲԼ˼
е֮ˣҪʱ̾Լܹ֮Ϊ֮ûи飬׳Ҳǲܵġ
ûиǵǳΪλĴۣСаĺܶ࣬Ȼλϵ
λûκιϵֻѣ칬ΪֲĴڣԺҲߵʱĻʲôҪױҪСаעһ㡣
벻Ȼ˲⻹ǷԸ񡣡֮Լǳһ˿ֵ
ˣ˵˵ҵĿİɣҿɲΪֻƷһС衣׿һ֮ģķִıϸʲô
ˣһξҪƷһ衣֮˻һ׸СаͣϵĶ뵽һֹ״̬
˺һ˵ľֹ״̬ʧ
ףˣָ֮СаͻȻ֮ˣʼճ֮⣬û˷֮ڹ
µǣСаԼ׵Ķ棬ոƵ׵Աˡ
ǲ׵ıƶλãСаΪղŵһжǻþ
ʦ𣬾Ů𣿡СаĹ֮СĶһ䡣
ǰһ˵һ߽˻ͬʱа֮Ҳмįʱ򡣡
״֮Ϊγ֣ҳֵ̫ˡ
ʦȻûб飬˵Ҳƽܹܵ·˼ʧ䡣СаΪŮˣԸֶϸײ
ùˣ˽Ҹ˵ĻٹһܾͻᵽңʱǧҪҵߣҪߣ𣿡
Ѿװҵ飬ҶҲûж˵ʲôûзӳ


139 п
ʱţתۼ͹ȥ졣
ʱ棬й֮ǿƳ֣Լ칬λϢڴķ֮£ûдݳȥ
׸СаҲ˴ڵĳУΪ򡯵ĳС
ʦҪǴʮֹﶼҵʲôСаȻ֪׺ҿɲңͨʥ߶ҵ£Ϊһǿʥߡ
Ϊ˽һһηǳΣգҪǵľΣհٱԵĻϣʱ뿪ҡ˵ʱǳĳϿҡ
һ֮У˵ľҪ֮ΣհٱΪײҵҲǸԳҼѡ˵ŮӵŶǿ
Լ֮ŵƣûʮɵİգ˴Са˵ȷʵеΣգΪСа˵Ӵǰ̫΢ˡ
ʦû֪ǰǲ뿪ģҼȻҵʦôΣյʱҲӦվߡСаҲ֪Լǵڼ˵仰ˣ֮һץסȰ뿪Саͻ˵仰
ÿ˵仰ʱ׶ֻ΢΢һЦȻἰ顣

ڲ
ʱһȥһСŮˣ塣
˵巽ʽֻ̡Ϊͨ巽ʽûѡʹáסսģʽ
ΪһսĻôʧܵһпܻᾫֻܴǵдգҲûбҪսĳһ
ˡ
벻һµʱ䣬վѾˡ
֮ȡʤ
ȷʵ˼ȻĲǼ򵥣ϸȥǵĻͻᷢЩӰǧ򻯵ĹɣЩɲűҲõս֮Сհ֮󣬾ͶһŮ˵ôһ䡣
ǸŮ֮Ҳ͵ͷ˵ȷʵˣĲ־ͬսʱͨãֻҪǰ֪Է飬ȻԷʹõʲôͨԼŻö٣ôսʱʤʾͻἫ
˵ûֻƼ򵥣ʵܹ֮١նһᣬΪûϰս
ÿһսʱնϰһսһȥԷжȻϵЧȷʵá
ˣû׵Ϣ˵˵ţ˵׵ϡ
㣬Ҳ̫ˣѲĽ֮һŮӲһζαʼ׵ˣܺΪιһ㡣
ЦˣӦ֪Ҳ׵Ľߣһ׵ĵˣ֪ʥܣôϵףΪ֪֪ˣȻɱն׵ɱûн͹
ձȽƵǣΪԼʥѪõˡۡĴУԼʥ֮׺ܿͱԽ
ǣ˭׵ԽԽλʥ߶ϣôܹղơ
֪ɱףʥߡʥߡʥС˵ʼˣҪǣ֯칬ĳԱһλûǩʥЭĴڣĿǰնŮҲ̾һ
ץǸֻ׵鱨֪׵Ѿﵽ޷ȥĵز
ص칬֮˶ǳ˼ɡ
ȷʵһλʥߣǸʥ߿ǩʥЭĴڣֶܹԸףҪǸʥ߻׵ʦԾԳҲֵġ
һҿʵյϷٷչʵϴڵҲǷǳġ
ֻϧǲ֪洫ݵϢʵ칬ûһֵܹʥߣֻһ֮ѡ
ңֶ֮κأԴһִѧʿִѧʿôֻܹ֮άƽ֣ĸһѵĴѧʿʿʲôģ֮ҲΪ
ǡɵǣҵĺִѧʿԲֹһײŲĿŵĽңȻҪȥȥѰܰ
֮˫˼ңҹ˼㣬һֱû潻֪յĴڶ˵ǸвҲֻǵسֱ֮󣬲Ųòҵء
һ棬Ϊ׺ǹ˼ɣƿҵҲȥ׵鷳
ӵĺôһǿסЩҪӺˣǼӵҲ
㣬ĺԺļӵ˵׺ڹ˼һ飬ΪҪдԵʣһѧӳˣò⻹ԺһһΪĳ˵ԵƳѧ񡣡Ůеп˵š
ʱ΢˼Ƭ̣˵ĻȷʵֵԺϾѧҪѡһϯģһϯףôĺԺͶˣ
˵յͻȻء
ʲô
ײڱչдأ׳ʲô⣬ֻȥĳطҲǲܵ顣
һ˵վ뵽һֿܡ
ܵģһĳɳУҲðΣң칬λʥҲܾΪ֮ĶԹֱףϾһ֪Ǹʥ˭ôסʥһ׷ɱġŮӰƷһ¡
˵칬ӵһֵʥߣȻһһعǸʥߵݣôʥ߱˾ͻǳΣա
ϾסԲĴڣһʥȥԿǸûǩԼʥߣôʥ߶ܹԣΪЭ֮ôһ
Ůôһ˵ձԳһЦ˵Ҳǣ׵ĳɳǿ̫ˣûðʱҡ
İɣǴȡ꾫ѾֹЩڳȥʥ֮սǣҲԼʥߣʱûˡŮ˵ʱϵɫʱаսթ
˵ҲȥˣҺڴܹΪҵһʮµ
ڸʱ䣬һ㿴һµҡ
Ůһ߸˵⻰һ߽̺ʰãȻ뿪յ鷿
Ůߺձ˵Ӱ̺ڣ
һ˵꣬˲һӰ
ӰڴˣкηԸ
ȥڽǵжʮͳͳתΪ˵ҲˣʱһҪܽУҪ鱻κ֪
ף
õյʿֻΪӰʧ˿С


140 
ռ̫ʱûгڹУڶ˹˼ɣΪųԼĵģȻ´˴ɱнڵĶʮꡣ
Ҫ֪ǿһһĴͳУÿһơ
ȻڵǺܶ࣬˵ҲнˣټϵĻҲ˵ҪΪյһ׶벻´

ǵĽֵϣ׸Саųǵķ羰ǾʱȴͻȻܵһɷǳϤ
ܵױͣ½ŲȻ˫ۣϾһȥĸǹɲ
ϤĲĲʥǵһ
ۺ׺ܿͷϤĲʲô
Саͣ½Ų֪һʲô֪飬ҲվԭرŲױײ
ߣ
ٶ˫ʱСа˵һ䣬Ȼֱűϵһȥ
ֱӴСаһԾ˽ǽڣһҿƲСĸ֮ۡС
ֱͳˡͶ򴫡ȻʮͨԼСаתΪһҸ˵Ϣ
ʦ𣬷ʲô飿СаװزȻһǷ顣
Һˣɳ˴ѰңǼڴϵĻпܱҵҵװԼӦСа
ÿ죬ǲŸս죬ͱҵ˷𣿡Саȵ˵һ䣬֪ҵܴ󣬿û뵽ǿز
ǷǣҲпм飡˵ʱͻȻ̾һż˵м飬ô˵һõϢ
õϢΪʲôСа׸˵ԺΪһõϢ
ϧûиֻͣǵҡҡͷ
һ£ǲɨʽļ飬ɨʽУǾ˵Ѿƿҡ
˵һǳõϢ
飬׾˼սһͨĺڵ鼮˳Ȿǡۡ
û֣ó֮СаҲͬĿˡ
ǡСа̲֮סĲһ¡
ЩȥٳУȻסۡʲô
ǡֳۡҵʥܰԸҵġ׽СаĻ˵Ȿ
Саõ׵ȷϺ󣬱㾪ȵ˵ʦ𣬾˵ֳ֪ۡӦֻ
֪Са˼ûֱ˵Լֻ֣˳СаĻ˵˵ĲһҼϣһҵϡ
Ǿ˵ʦǡǡ
СаǿŲ壬ŬԼƽȻȥ˵Ǹֻ֣˰ӵʱ䣬û˵

˺һСаڳһ˵ʦʥף
ûҾף
һ̣ǳԼˡ
ǿĽ⣬˳ᢵĴ磬ټϿٻλڣʦѾֵˣȴڲųٳٲµСа˵ʱгʧ䡣
֪ΪԼеʧ䣬֮ΪײԼʦ˵ǲԼʦ
״²µõСа뷨Ϊ˻Са˵СаȻҿóʧ䣬;㣬һΪҵͽܣ뷴Ҳܣ㻹ǲҪ̫Ϊ
ǡ
ûпǣҪǩպ칬֮ˣΪۡײСа˵ֱӰѡͶ򴫡óһҳ
׵ǿƣСаͻȻ֮䲻֪˵ʲôǺá
һ㣬ѲŸ֪ҵݣʹΥʦһֱӰѡͶ򴫡Саϡ
СаȻӹ鼮ûа׵˼ȥǩ֡
ۣôʸõķš
Саǣ֪Լʲеţοֻһ߶ѡ
һ߾ȻΪµʥͽܣһ۵ķţҪǴȥ˶óЦ
ЩǰСаȥǣЩߵĺܽѾ׵ʦΪԼܵӰ졣
ΪһܹΪ׵ͽܻôҲӦһŶԡ
׼óСаĵģ˼Ƭ̣˵ȷʵ䲻ţֻ칬ڲʹãǰ㲻ñ¶š
һ˵꣬Саʱ͵ͷȻܵ˼Ĵʱ˵һ仰
Ȼڻ䲻ţҵĽ̵֮£һջ߹
ҡҡ
СаȻóΪûȥѾͽܵ顣
û취Ϊ׵ݺ̫ˣʱΪ׵ͽܡ
ʲôѵһûУ׺ƣû뵽ԼŶСа˵
㲻ҪҵĽ̵£㶼޷ΪôǺܹΪ׿ʼʹü
仰ȴһ㶼٣Ҫ׶޷СаΪĻô֮¹ƺһ㣬Ͼ׿ҵˡ
˵زСаԼĳˣҲԼЩľ
ǰļ궼ŹˣҳΪʤߵͽܣôͻȻͺˡСаҲ۾뵽˾˼ģʽ
ϰѧģΪһ˼ʱͻ˫ۣÿεٶ˫ʱõҪĴ𰸡
СаҲ۾ҵٶ֮ʱղЩãͲҲͶʧʣµľֻмᶨ
ʦҲʧġ
Саһ˵ֱ꣬ӴϽӹǱʣȻֺͷд·
дͬʱҲע⵽ֺͷţһ֪ԭʢ칬Ȼһٶ
ֳ֮ġɡλѹ칬˲Ϊ߹ˡ
ܺãҪ귽ʽ롶ۡ磬ǲͬģҵ뿪ʱҵûκڵǱҵһ𣿡صĿСаȻ˵ԼҪ顣
ʵػܼ򵥣ҵ棬СаȴһûС
ҡҡͷ˵Ϊҵ̫ˡ
ײûΪСаľܾ෴¸ҳϵķʽ׷İ񽻸


141 ܾˣ
Саֻһѣ׵Ȼ֪ҲԼôСаߣҲʲôΣյġ
һҵףôСаԣҲܹһʱ̶ѣΪ˵ʵûκвԡ
ҺжԲߣСа˵СаѡƵó
Ȿ𣿡
Са׵Ҫ֮£ܿͰֳġƵ˳
һȻֳûдСаڶֱ֪֣ո˵ʱ֪
Ƶдһ鼮˵һԶŵĴڽҵдµģĵȼλֻϧⱾλȫֻǰ֮ѡ
ȻСаݣҲ칬ôⱾ֮׾ûбҪˡ
׻ٰѰ֮ҪܸСаСаʶһжôǿᡣ
ͬʱСа޲øԼƣΪ֮ǰһ㶼Ȿ飬˭⾹ȻһԽʥ顣
СаֳⱾʱͻŮȡϵҪ޷ԵΣգôͺŮٰɡװԼİŸСа
ֻ֪һʥߣǸʥ߻ûа취ֻ֣ͨѣ֮ԿԽ
ԭˣ벻Ů˸ⱾҲϵСаͷʾ׵İš
ôҵİȫͽˡ
İѣʦ𣡡
صУСаԾԵĿ϶
һ̣СаѾȫˣ˭Ҫʱ˺ףôΨһİ취Ǵʬ̤ȥ
Ҳٹʱ䣬һ仰󣬾ϥϣȻ뵽ˡء档
һȥʱ˽뵽޷״̬
׵ǰ֮ԵʣϢȫΧںһʱƾĻɨڵĵطᷢĴڣС
ԣͨҲһǿͨ
һǾһǿɾǳ׵
УĻʱͻҲޣȻ˲Ҳ̫á
λ˲֪ˣҲǲȫƾԼĳһġ
ϢȫʧˣʦѾ뵽ˣϣҪκ⡣
Са׵尵һ䣬վ׵ػ׵

硣
һΣײŸսͷձˣһǱúܵͣĿȥĻҲʣǩ֮ҡ
һǧҵգɺܸߣʵܹˡ
ϢԽԽˣȥĻò˶ãͻΪһ壬ʱۡǻõ˵һ߳Ϊʥ顣׾һóôһۡ
꣡
ʱͻȻһѵǹȻǳСȴʵ
ѡĵطûκ飬Ǹղǹô£
Ѱһ£ȴΧʲôûС
ѡٵĵطһƬߵأƬرģƬӦʲôûвŶԡ
Ӧѵò˶ͻɡ΢пһ£ȥĵطܹܲҵĽڵ㡣
𣿡
һͻأ˲׵ע
˵ص鲻ܳҪǸ֪׵֣Ϊ߸Ͳһˡ
ǣȴ˺Լ֣ȻǾ仰Ǹʾ䣬Ҳ̫˼ˡ
㣡ײʱڿһ۵ġܰ
Ÿ˵仰ָæҡҡͷ˵㣡
ۡܰȻܰһģһûܰκϢ΢һӦ֪ǰġܰԼıʦ
ܰȻǡۡˣȫֻһѡ
ףѾܾˡ
Ȼûеõ׵ȷش𣬿׵ĻУԼֳɫ֪ԼҶˡ
벻ͣѾ̶ֳȣȣҲǲɶѡûûŰ֪յжǿ
գ˭׻ǵһյ֣ԺȻľһ䡣
ǼǸŮˣѾΪҵļƿҵյ鱨ֱ˵˳
ʲô̲סĵͺȵǸŮȻΪҼôܣ
ҿһһҺţĺô˵ҲһʮС
Ҫ֪ҵĸ߶սȥˣִѧʿѧʿĴҶУΪλãôֵֶһСȥ
ûбҪƭ㣬Ϊ˳Ϊʥܸ˼еĳϡͬʱʥ԰ɱһμŻΪμ֪׺ţԾͰյȥ˵˳
˵֮׵Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
ҵԤûдǸչȻΪ˵õֶΣҲ̵ʲô˶ɱĵزеûա
ϸһ룬Ǹʱԣ˵ûֶθսˣֶνȥô³Ҳֻһ·
ף޷顣ҲǸпһ䣬˵Դջֱ֮ϵˣԼϵˣѾﵽʮˡ
齫һЩס
ԭԴƿҺ󣬾ͿʼáۡʥܱߵһЩ䣬ʽĲɱ
ܴﲻֻ߹
߹ֻ߸Ҷѣ߹֮⣬кܶСС͹ҡ
СС͹ҵ֮£źܶĲ䣬Щ䶼ǲ̻֮ˣǲ飬ֻѧϰԲ
Ĳ䣬ûһǧҲа˰٣ֻǵ˿ڲࡣ
ǰǶתΪĻǿһȾ޴һúЩʥôҵʵҲܹҡ
ʵϣĿǰҲȷʵˡ
㹻£ҵĺﶼõ˼ĺôЩҵһǱǿֻڴ޽ʧȥ׳
㹻ЩҲ׷ҪҳΪڶʥص뷨
Щ¼̲סĶʵΪվȻڰɱ˿Ĳ䣬ɥĲľٶͲ±֪𣿡


142 Ե
ʮ˿ʲô׸޷һʮĻŮȻܹ顣
ȻҲпܲɱģΪϵʥֻһֻҪֳʥˣͿҲո˵
ˣϵҲ
ֹģɱ¾һ˭ȥ
ףЩĶ߹Ĳ䣬ԺȥĵģǵĵλƫƧûйҿЩطοҵĿԷ֮£ЩѴȥ˵Щûбعԭ
ĵ󣬱뵽˶ݵĳĬڡ
Ƭ̺ײصĿ飬ʵ˭ΪʲôҪЩ
һɱ⣬˵ԼݣҲ֤ʵԼݣôֻи佻սȻɱ
ǡۡ飬֮ǰһֱӡ֮Уֱǰл磬նҵĿơ˵ݡ
ֻЩû˵ܰĹϵ
ղ˵ʱܽթһд󶼹յϣױȽϺһ㣬ܾˡ
ǡۡ飬ֲܰһģһֻΪû㡣׾Ŀ飬֮ǰû뵽һ㡣
ΪڰܰѹصӦ֪ؼĴ½˵ѻһ㶼졣
ʵҲʲô˼״̬ԣ׸֪˵ѡ
ôصıߵʲôزˣҼǵʱܰ˵Լʮꡣ׶Ǽ£Ϊ¶˵ǳҪ
صĴڣв˵һв
һ壬ô϶Զˡ
ҹסѾ繻ҵˣ׿ɲϣ絷ҡ
ҵǿѹʮģյǿƳ֣Լı仯ǲؾͻ϶Ϊһ֮һҵʱ䣬Ϳֵ֮Сʱס
ʱһϣ黹û˵ѡ
ʵߵ磬һֱϣĽϧһռںһô鲻Ҫܵܰƺ⣬Ҫܵյƺ⣬ʱûа취ȥԼˡ
ҪɣںϣڼĲԾԺˡ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿ֪յҰ̫ˣͬʱҲ̫ԸˣڵԣһҲԺʥؿ⡣
û㹻֮ǰȰԼҰı¶ôֲò¾֪ˡ
ѾôصĵزҲһ
һʱ˵̲̣˵Ҳ
ĳɳܿ죬һҲﲻʿѧʿһΣʱҪǱ뵽ⳡս֮Уôֻܹ֮ˡ
ң֮Ҳþȵס
ȵȣһ룡ͻȻ䣬뵽Щʲôվ֪ʵĺҲ֪ҵܣӦû֪칬ˣһҪ淢չ˵ôҾֻѡ񡣡
ռٻգһȻǣҲϸڣ칬ݸˡ
Ҫڴһ㣬˵µõײ칬֮
ˣ˵һ׻ֻѡ
һѡǾ칬ԿҺʥء
ѡʵȡûʲô̫𣬼׿Կдǿ鼮ѹأдΣ
Уʥظҿɲֻǻӵߣʱûлд鶼һ¡
ڶѡȻǼҺʥصһ
Ŀǰ״ԣֻѡɿ϶ѡߡ
ҪǼʥأ³϶ǳңʱˡ
ǲͬղɵ֪һõ׻жİտ϶ףʱ϶ǩһЩƽȵ׽ܵԼȻסף׳Ϊ
뵽аһСҲ̫ˣҺĸ֪ȻҾȻ֪Լ뵽ΣյĴ
׵ем飬Ϊ׺ܶõϢ
Ϊǰ֪Щײлȥ˼ȥӦԣȻһ֮鱬Ļûʱȥ׼
鲻֪룬׳Ĭͼ˵ףڵʽǳϾһ취Ťת档
һа취Ȼͺܺʵʲô취
ȥ֪ܰܰѾΣյĵزֻҪѣȻе鶼ܰһԽڵ⡣˵ʱһ㼤
ֻصĺܺã׸ûвһ㡣
ʥ𣡡˼ĵͷ漴ɻʵûмǴĻۡԭܰߣȥǸӷ𣿡
׵ʣ˵ӦøһŶԡ
ұˣĳһصķҸۡԭϿϵҲܰصοضȥ
Ͳͬˣʥʥ໥ϵģ֮УֻҪʥ֮ǣȻ໨һЩʱ䣬һҵܰ˵ʱԻĳһ˿ڴ
ʵϣЩǻԣڴֻΪذеļѡ
Ϊıʱڡۡԭ֮УֻҪƲϣôıͻ֪飬Ϳȥһܾǰȴˡ
ײЩƣ˼һ󣬾˵ղڵԣ޷ңֻܹʥ߳ˡ
ͬ뷨ҵЩ˵ΪܰɵģֻܹܰƽϢЩ¶ˣҲ
飬һĵطҼǵ޷ʱ棬Ҳ֪صڣҸνء뵽һҪ⡣
ȻҪȥѰܰôҪܹȥС
ǵһνǣ˵ص֪ˣҸۡģ׶֪ˡ
ƵǣʥϵͽܣȴܹĿŵĽҡ
ΪﶼѾܰסˣֻҪĿŵĳ֣ͻԻкѧʿһԸһ׷ǳ϶
ڰͲ׹һ˽أʱҸɾͿ԰ɱɱ⣬Ҫжˡ
ϧײᡣ


143 飨ϣ
ףȷʵ޷ʱͣͲͬˣܹܵͨǿܶ࣬ϻʥıѡأȻзգ㻹ܹõһЩôһ顣
˵붼ûʹӦˣԼ֮еŵġ
Ȼϣ״ӦΪαװһ£״Ӧʵԣسδ֪գȷҪȥ𣿡
Ҹȥ׼ʵ
ܼ򵥣֪һռ䱡㣬ֻҪһȱڣͿԽ뵽֮С
õ׵ٶȿ϶ڰǰصķ˵˳
֪׾͸ȷܰһģһˣӦþǡ硷飬ֻŻ֪˽磬ռǿȶ˽⡣
İ취ȷʵУǿռǺεȼ̵ĴڣôܹĿռ䡣
׺Լ֪ԼǿϰٱǧҲǿֱƿռǿȡ
ֻƾȻ޷ƿռ䣬ֻҪʥͨأͬʱҲԴһͨصͨǴعģȻ֪硣
ƿռ䣬ɹʾԺܸߡ׵ͷʾԽܡ
һ⣬Ǿײ֪ʥͨء
飬ҼǵʥֱӴصĴţΪǲʹ
ǵõһμʥʱԶֱʥصĴš
֮ʱҲʥصĴš
ַһֱڰооڶûзȥ
һеڴ԰ѷԼ
ֻӵҵѪʥſֱӴ򿪴ţһ㡣ҡҡͷ˵ʵ
ʵҲ뵽һ㣬ϣԼ´ˣ֪ڱ֪ǲٱⷽĻˡ
ðɣ־Ͷ֣ȥĻ֪᲻ıʡһ˵ţһ佫ʥٻ˳
ʥ˲䣬¡
ʥҵʥȴƿšкǷŭûа취ʹʥģǼס
ּЩȥص֮ѧģϾȥ궼ִѡ
ôǿ̶ȴﵽزĻôҲĻᱻظ
ˣյǼʡԹޡʵȸ֮ԱЩкܶϵ
ףҾʹȥռ䱡ĵطȻ㽫ȫŵʥ棬֮Ȼܵһ˵ŷһصϿա
׼жҲĸȥ
ھʹ߶ʥ
ٰ״ָλú󣬾Ͷʹʥ
ԼҲʼ
ʵϣƾԼͿԴһռͨ
ƾҪһͨĻҲҪһʱ䡣
ʥĻҲҪһʱѡ
˭ѡڶ
һ㣬ǾʣµˣһľôЩ鱨ļƻͶ޷ر֮С
ʵҪԼȥҲΣգΣվա
ҲСֳۡһȥпܱⱾץ
׵߾Ͳͬˣʥ֮ϢڸסϢ˼вٵʥֻҪ׵ΧͲױҵ
οҲ֪һЩֶΣһպǹ˼ⷽϣͿɵĿ
Ż״أΪ˰ȫҲΪơ
İ֮£һСʱʱ䣬ռ䱡ĵطһͨصͨ
ˣףǽʱǧҪʱʥԼϢȻһշ֣ҶΣաϸڣһ䡣
ףϢ̫Ҫˡ
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˵ʵսһѡǹȻȻȥսգôһʤձضյĴ
ǣ˫ģһ˿˼ҵĴֱӵҵĴѧʿʲôĶ׶֣׾Ϳˡ
ҪǣŵһθռľԸյƷ
ˣ
ת֮䣬׾͸֮С
أŸսʥͱӳһɡ׵һʱͷ˱仯
ʥ֮⣬׻֮ر
ĸоһŨĵطһ
ˣߵ磬Ȼųκȴֿκֻ꣬ҪطǲȥҲıǿ΢˼Ƭ̣о͵õۡ
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ʱͻȻһӰ嵽ߣֱӶ׷˹
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Сûκǣִֻ
磬Сִɱɴ˿ɼǰһرɱʲôˡ
Уķ֣״̬֮£ȻɸܵЩСִʲô
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ԸС׸ûлֻ֣ײԼϡ
˻
͵Сײϵ˲䣬һǿȻһͼһСͱ飬Ϊ֮յˡ
֮꣬Ȼ֮һûεҡҡͷ
ΪԼҵһķ˭֪һֻǿջϲ
ףȻʺסЩ궼ֻһƲѣǵǿպ󶼵òʲô鿴׵뷨Ǹһ䡣
ϸҲǣҪЩܹṩĻҲֲգ϶նԵˡ
ȻҲûж壬ô׾͸ɴ೹׷£ȥǰҪ顣
Ͷת
ΪѰֱܰӽⱾٻ˳
ΪڵһμܰʱֳܰˡͶתǰ¡
ΪʹһԸӦֳλãֻҪҵֳôȻҵܰ
̣
Ͷתձȡ˲䣬ͻȻ͸ܵһҵʹ࣬æԶס


144 飨£
ôͻȻٻⱾ飬㲻֪Կ𡣡ǷŭĿס
ҲǸе޹Ҳû뵽ô
ɶҵͲˣΪʲôƫƫʱҺް
ƣΪеԼͶת˺ľ
֪屾һƷ֮ǰյʱһ
УյķҲһټڼ飬ڵʱԭͲˡ
ֱͶתһΣֱӿʼɢˡ
Ϊɢ㲻ôײĿ塣
ɶ񰡣ҵһмƻ㡭
Ļûг˵꣬Ѿɢˡ
һһƣһıȫΪӰ
ıһֱܰǿڹײзӡŵģı֪ʲô飬Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ֻз»ص壬ıŻ֪һУȻ󲢰շļƻȥƿȫ֡
ڷһôıҲûл֪ЩϢˣı׵ֶ֪Ҳ᲻ʶ
˵ЩʱҲһʵ
Ѿˣǡֳۡһ鶼ûдѲһٵ飿
Ǽٵ飬ô֪ôණô֪յ顣
ˣʲôĴڣѾأҵĿӦȥܰϹ롣
ʵǸ㲻ķʲôĴڣҡҡͷѶ뷨ʱѹȥ
˼У׾ͼáͶ򴫡ȥֳĴڡ
ײǵһȥܿ͸ܵһɵĻӦ
ҵˣϧֻһŷλҷӳǳĵ·Ǳʲôѹһ㡣һʱڵõֳĻӦ
ײ֪͵ֳ˷ӳ鷿еҲͻȻúǾ裬Ȼæ뿪鷿
֨ѽ
մ򿪷ŵʱһſڲԶ
ٿ֮жʱеһȣⲻǾջ뿪鷿Ϊմʱϵȡ
֣ϾȻһڴ飬ôʱҿǳǴҵδʱûеڶټ飬ѲҪȥʲôвͣĲ²š
Ȼô룬ȴŵҪȥ
ϣҪȥһΥѡտ˺˲Լı顣
˵ߣڵҴϣ֮ǰĴѾհˡ
ѣ˭
Ļص󣬸ӵľˣһ˵ָ꣬æ͵Ҳ˽ֻһ治֪ѣ
һϵôõѣҲһ˵ţһ߹˴ϵߡ
֮ĻǳССϸ
յӰʧ󣬴ϲص˵һҪʲô飬յĸѪ˲˵ĵزǳ˴飬Բģġ
϶պ˽⣬ԴյҼͶյÿһ鶼ǳģҲǶշǳ˽⡣
뵽󣬴Ͼóһõ飬Ȼдʽ׼
ֻд˰˸֣ȴǷǳȷ
ϣһ£ϾڵҿΣս׶ΣһעĻ˵Ҿˡаһԭ·ء

ڡ
ڸʮӵ·֮ڷ֡Ͷ򴫡ϵǿˡ
ӳˣ뻹еԶ״̬ýƣǰңԶľ롣
׶šͶ򴫡һ䣬ž΢ӿһٶȡ
ʱֹȥʮӺٶȸеϵǿ
ֻûüˣͻȻźԼ
ǰ󣬲ûйףǻɢĽơ
һɢ׵ʱ˵ϡ
ҺɵĲǺܸߣ֮壬˼³ͻȻҲûˡ
ǼϢ˵ƽغжʱһ
ʥ
˵һĻ˵ȻתһԼӰ˵벻εĽˣ治ҵš
ȻǸӰţ˿ò׻ֱ˵ݡ
ףּˡպȻĻشһ䣬һ㶼Ϊ֪ݸеȣΪӦõġ
Ҽգϴεļż뿪һء׾Ȼտ˸СЦ
ȻŸ·Ҳյ£Բôɵ뿪οʱ߾һˣ״㿴˵
Ȼ֪ҵֺݣѵǸ𣿡׺Լֺ󣬶ʱΪ֮ǰûɱеڡ
׼Ȼֶ֪ˣ˵һ˸׵ģ˺пܾ顣
Ҫǣ֪˵˶顣
ʵǰʱʧʱһԼܿͻ׼ĸо
ʵ֤оǶԵģҲʹʥ飬ײʹáͶ򴫡Ļոֲס
Լ֪һ㡣
ʲô飿ҸûмңҺ֪ܺ˵ģ׻Ϊʵڰ˼ѾˣҲûгһ㡣
İǿıǴˡҲ֪˵滰ٻǾ˵һ䡣
仰Ͱ׵ˡ
׼ٶԣͻһת˵գ㲻֪Ůӣû˵ܷͬǳ׳£
Ҳ£ҪµĻҲӦǱҡȻ˵š
ֻǣ͵ո˵˲䱬һɺâһһžиֳִĺӣ˲󣬶Դһȥ

һȥ֮󣬲ûгڴԴеֻһײ
ԭٻյʱҲٻһʿ
ңղٻһʿأͬʱĸʿ˲׵Χ
ĸʿǿսλֵĻǶڼĴڡ
ĸ͵Ϯֻͨ·һ΢һҲˣײ֮С
Щʿֻٻһ飬漴潣ǽΧ
ЩȻǴӡԶʮٻˡ
Щıĸٻڣܿʧԭء
ǿȻڷ֣зϹܵģһҪɱҲôɡ
һ㣬ǾЩ˫еģһЩʿǿйǿôԼҲܵ˺


145 VSգϣ
Ǳʢ㣬Ȼܹһٻô齣պǾȵĿףҲΪ׸ղŻᱻԼ£Ȼǵ͹׵
ڵԣ͵ϮҲܰһо¡
գȻҲ֪ʲôҵңĲӦˣΪǲŹλġ
׿ɲնĿʲôʱ˿ľɱա
Ҫ֪ڿûκΰ֣˵ѵʱ
ǳɽʥԯ
ýǽסĸʿĹ󣬾ȻֱӶʥ齣Ȼԯһ˳
飡飡飡
ԯһĸʿֱӾͱǿĽĨɱˣҲɢȥ˽ǽ
άֽǽҲǲСģ׿ɲҶ˷һ
ǿʥúصĽ⣬һѱʥߵʥ𡣡մĿеԯ
˵ʵҲһȽϲֻϧʥѪԼʥע޷齣֮·
ΪԼ룬Ǹֻܹʥܹ֮ߣò齣֮
ףȻֱӾǿҳ֣ôҲʶһǿɡ
׵ԯʥȻ׷ӲѽһĽʿԲȥӲѽһ
οڶõʥ֮ʹõҲʥԭֻûʥ˵ǴѧʿȥӲһ
ǣһȻһ㶼£лһִɫ·Ҳֶͬһ㡣
ʥԯη壬չȻ򵥣
վյĶ棬͸¶һ˿ء
ǡۡҪⱾ𣿡ܿ죬׾Ϳսһ˳
ڡۡȻһֱϣ˵ʵʹһ飬ǱҪĻ࿴һۡ
ΪⱾ̫ˣǿһ飬ⲻһ˿뷨
ٶⱾȽ֪Ȿذڶʥ飬ȴǿԶԿġԶʮ
ͬģҲһ
ֶۡδٻܶʹֱȡĳ˵꣬Լ߽ԷľֻҪȫһ֮ϣͿԽա
ʹⱾʱԼȥ˵óⱾ˲䣬ͽ֮еֳһ뵽УȻһն
ಣ
˲ʱһɫȥʱҲͬǰһٻĸԼٸԹơ
֮ġơǸһ½ǰҲӶѡ
ˣ벻ȻôɣһԼһš
ǣ׸ո˿ʱȴͽȻһ䣬Ȼȵȵȣóһ֧ʣ
ûΪԼʤʱվȻóһ֧Ǳʡ
֧Ǳʲͬϵ֧ĺɫͷǱʣ֧ʵѹҪ׵֧ǿϲ١
ʥĹͷģ벻ҾȻһ֧ʡۼƵ֪ʶҲˣóЩ
У֧ʵĲϲҪҪʱóһ֧ԾҪдˡ
ףѾУ˵Ǿ꣬ҾΪ԰еĵһˣʱ֪Լжôˡ
һ˵ְ꣬鼮īˮ˳ȻһװõĿհϣдΡ
Ȿ֣Ϊ꡷
սʱд飬Ȼ󹥻֣벻ҵѧˡҪȾҪдųɣѵնԼ鼮ôţ
׼տʼдеѹǺܴ
Ҫ֪ʥԯĽֻҪӣͿзײΪʱдһ顣
ಣಣಣ
ϧһײ´ˡ
տʼдһֵʱΧͳЩסз硢ƣ˵ֻǲһӵʱ䣬վͽдǧ֡
һǧ֣Ǻεȵٶȣдʱܹκδ
鷨ľ磡
׿Χ󣬶ʱ˵鷨硣
벻Ů˵鷨Ȼ֧ǱʹҪռĹ͡ʹùǱʣ֪Ǳʵļӳֲֺܿ
οյһ֧ǱҪϵĻǿᣬ¶鷨ľҲر𺳡
֮ԳԾΪٶȵд֮£дһĵ1ˡ
ǧҪɹ鼮ʱ̫ǿˣǿԽɱ˵⣬ҿɲԿ󡣡̲סһ䡣
ϧ뷨Ÿһһɵ뵽ĸ֪֮С
֮ѳѾɾˣ
زĲ֪˵ʲôá
У֮һϾֳָ˺ܶĺɫ
ǴҲ
Щֵ˲䣬׵ĽѾĥˣ׵ĽҲЩɫֱӾһ󲿷ֿήȻɢ֮С
ĺ
ȻɵУһʥ֮ٵͨңȻô׵ĵˡ̾Ϣֹ
Ϊһɱ˵Ƕ֮ϧȻһû
ƵñȥģҲһˡ
Ľסס˽ס
˲Ϣ֮飬дµ鼮Ѿﵽ˽ס
׿֮ͻȻرΪλôͶص⡣
̫ˣֻһʮŮѣ˵ţôдʥ鲻ǲܣֻʥ飬һʮŮôܻ˽أûô⡮ꡯֶ׶رĲ⡣
岻ǲܹţֶͲͶķΧ
ȵȣѲһΣȻֱȻˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬뵽һֿܡ
ǾԵģʱܹ뵽һּ״̬״̬ڵʱʱзοˡ
һ㶼ǼӶѣЩм˵ȻֻǼ˼룬еоǹ꣬ʮꡣ
һȥǵĻ׶ʱ֪ԼӦòŶˡ
գһΣ԰ɣΪ֤Լ£ֱӶմһ
ڷܱʼʻȻͣһ£ûлشףֻǶݵͣٺּд
ȻˣҵѪľһߺ꣬ô֮ǰҲܲáյͣ٣˲Ͳµյĺܶ״
ֻϧЩ״֪֪Ѿûʲôˡ


146 VSգУ
Ҫд飬ݾͱҪõطϿɣֻҪطϿɣôҲԳΪһ顣
յڶ̶̼ӵʱֱ˽׵ĵزɴ˿ɼ⣬ѾõطϿɡ
ԽԽˣҪǼȥĻ˵дʥ顣صĿա
Ҫдһʥȷʵѣ֮ǰ׻ΪҪдһһ鶼أյѾﵽ˰˽ףܿҪžŽ׳̡
˿ٵٶȣⱾΪʥҲǲܡ
һʥԭǺһմⱾʥңôҾܹóѡһ漴ʼ˼δд顣
֪ԼԲдʥ飬֮ҲȲ
û취˭״̬ء
׵ȻȺܶ˵궼ǿܶ࣬ɱǿҲͨ˼Ľס׵Ĩɱˡ
ȻҲ֮ƣҪЩ󹥻һٻ֮Լ
Ȼûдôץʱ俼Ӧԡ
һԣһߵ鼮ûɣǱѾ鲢ʱǺѴдġ
Ҫ֪ǰ׵󶼴мǿıã֮ǰ׵ĽվһܺõĽͣʹеĹֶȥд飬׵Ըܡ
ĻһѡԯʥѽĹ޷ȫͻػٶԸһգϧڿʥȴ޷ʹá
Ϊڿ״̬״̬׻ӳһѾƴȫˡ
⻹ΪԯʥȻ޷һѽ
׵Ȼˣʵܹһ˫ӶѣҪȥսôҪﵽʵ廯ĳ̶ȲС
û취ˣֻܹٻ֮Ȼһҵܰˡ˼ȥվֻ뵽һ취
ز֪⿿ԼʲôˣҪٵĻԿͬд鷽ʽտ⣬ֻϧ״̬Ӧʱ̣޷ȡıīֽ⡣
ʵװѱīֽȡûǱд֡
ϾҪдһٶҪ֣񡶳龭鼮ҪֲſԳɾ飬׵궥дһֵѡ
ϣûгֹһֵ顣
֮Ҫİ
ԼĴҲͲټȥʼֱٻ֮
Ȼһ磬粢ȫûԼ־޷֮Ľ١
ˣ
׸ոպ֮󣬾һɫӰǰ
ڵλҰ֮УɫӰɵǳҫۡ
պûз߶һӰΪղһ仰˼ԵʣѾ˶ĸ֪
ֻедԼ鼮󣬶ĸ֪ŻָȻ͵ֵ֮飬
˵ѡȷѡ
ֵĵطﲻ磬һûг͵ĳ硣֮һأ˵״
׼ûע⵽֮ĳ֣ͷд飬˵֮ǳΣգŹ۲һ£֪ʲôˡ
ڰɣıʾȻа񣬻¼ϢȥôΪһ֮Զ飬ûκ鱨£ò1ӵʱ䣬֪׳ۼƵ鱨
Ҫİ׵ͷȻ֮
ǣ֮ȴͻȻ˵ףʵҺ⿴縯ࡢ𡣡
֮˵󣬾ͺޱĿףҪ֪׽ȥ
֮֮Լ˵
ҴûǵԼҿ԰㣬Ը磬ߵĻҿ԰ͻ
֮׵Ļ˼ԣǾֻ׵һɲܡ
Ļ͵ȫ׵ļƻ
Ĺ˼άʱ˰ɣϾֻһѣֻҪңôҾ;ܾҵĴﵽ֮׽
֮ûƭףȷʵûκȤҲԼҪ顣
ղ֮ԱܾףʵҪ׻ʲôӳ
֮ĵѣһ󣬲Ż˵Ҷɹ˽٣һҪıꡣ
ûȥ֮ϸʱϺʱûκһˡ
˼֮ɺܵȴһĪΪ׵ûа뷨ȥʣֱ˵˱顣
֮΢˼һ£˵ǱķϣҾ͸һᣬҪΪ˸ۣԸ𣿡
ʲôۣ
׻ûֱӴӦһ֮Ҫ̫֣͵òʧˡ
֮ղѾ֤Ի׵
Ժܼ򵥣ǾҪ죡֮˵ĿģǾǸ졣
󣬻ԥˣΪ֪֮˵ʱ򣬸ҪԷͬϿɣ˿ȴ
תһ룬뵽֮Ҫԭ
ҵӵԣҲǸҴԽйأҲǸصͼйء׼Կ϶֮޷ԼӦþΪԭ
ǣûа취ֱӴӦΪҪԱҪȷ֮ҪԼȥʲôС
Ҫʹҵʲô׶֮ʵ
ҪһֻҪӦصĺԺʱʹ죬ôҾͻɹȹѹء
֮˵Ҫ󣬿˵޷Ȼŷ
ҡ
׸뿪һ䣬ȴ뵽ʱһ֮ȷʵһλѻû˵
֮ߵĴڣЩԸףô̬ȾǳĬʼ׻û֮˵ʲôԡ
ˣͻȻԼ֮ǾǶ֮ˡ
һˣױһ˵ãֻҪĻôҴӦ㡣
׳˵˵ôԸǰ顣֮ͷûǩʲôԼÿͷϵЭɽףǶ׵ΣҲǶԼʵΡ
ֱɱ߶綼á׶һ㣬˵ԼҪ
ϧ֮һպȴҡҡͷ˵ˣѾﵽ˾Žף˲


147 VSգ£
֮˵ǱĽλѾŽס
һﵽŽףôвʥߣԾ֮Ҳ޷֮⡣
Ž𣬿Ȿпܴﵽʥ飬ѡԸңǹҡа̾һ
Ҫ֪ܹӵһضΪʥУǾ͵ƿһԺʥ߿ֻܹʹһΣһ֮µ鼮Ͳܹ
˭ӵôԻǿвĵϣ˵׾ǸǿҶвĵˡ
ףڿ޶ȣǴ뿪ӡռͨ׼ʱ䡣֮ĸס
뷨סĻôȷʵ㹻ʱɳҪԵⲻСҡҡͷʾܹ
Ϊյĸ⣬׻Ҫغ顣
غھͻںһʱ򼴱ɱ棬һӡӴ׹ԼǺжԿķ
ʱշΪñ׸ǿ
ӲҪ˵ĻѡǸȡĲʱ䣬볹׽ĵ·һξ롣
׷֮󣬾ͼʵ֮԰ҵٻ𣿡
ԣҵ̫ƣ֮ҡҡͷ׵ҪʾΪ
ðɣôһдҪдһգҵ̫СƾдֵûСҲ˵뷨ǾдԿա
ȻҪдһʥԿףô׾дһ֮⣬һж˵֪ǿ鼮кܶ࣬һԿգҲѡд۸ա
ȻдԽ࣬׵ѹҲͻԽ󣬼ǿˣҲҪһдʥܹܲס
ԭˣǴд飬һĻҵǿ԰㡣֮˵һĴ𰸡
ȻܹǾͰ׼īֽ⣬Ȼдɡ˵дҪĶ
дĻīֽ϶١
Ը
֮ѾӦףȻʳԣڴӦ֮󣬾ֱӶһ˦һ鷿ٻ˳
ö࣡ĺö࣡
׿֮ЩʱͲһ£Ϊ֮Ķ̫ˡ
켶ֽֽȻһܣ߻еؼֽЩʡīһȼȻôߡײŵĿǰһС
ǵز켶ֽǷǳݳ޵ĶϾֽǮ򲻵ġ
ֻ֮һ˦֣ӳһܵĿհ켶ֽȻûϸЩֽܶԣ;Բš
֮켶ֽ߹ʮõҲˡ
ο֮ӵеĲЩֽϻкܶʸīЩʡīĵȼҲ켶ĴڣǵĵȽҪϵǱʺѪīˮߣ׷Լ֪ЩʡīĲʲô
֮ĲƸһɵй
֮㵽ôõЩǰ׶Щʲô֮ĲƸûеһʱ̰֮ģǶ֮һ⡣
ʵϣʵǣ֮ǲдɱ࣬ȻӶôĲƸ
ϾЩֻֽǶӵжѣҲû̫á
ЩϽҵģֻеһֶѣ㲻õǵ֮׵˼͸׵Ĵ𰸡
ҶˣЩҲûãΪҪţ֪֮һĴռ䣬Ǹռһܴ󣬿Ϊ֮ҪЩϡ
ڴǳһʱҾ֪ܻõǣҾȥһܾǰһУҵЩ֮˵
Ϊ쵼ߣ֮ȻкܶĹҲкܶĺ֣Щīֽµһ֡
ԭ֮ǴЩģÿԸʹá
лˣҪҵõд֮Ŀײò˵лл
һҵ㣬ֻܹάʮӵʱ䣬ҪԼպá֮һ˵꣬ͻһӰ뵽׵֮С
Ӱ֮Ը֮ϣҲܹڵ֮С
ƾһԣò˵֮Ĵڷǳ˼
ˣ
Ӱû׵˲䣬ͱһҫ۵Ĺâ
â˰ӣɢȥ֮׵ͳΪʵ廯Ĵڣϻһɫĳۡ
õ֮˲䣬׵ʱͷ췭ظı仯

Ҹܵ
ǰδе
Խһе
̧˫֣漴ʱ׹ֱӻΪնɱΧЩεꡣ
ףȶסҪҵơ֮ܵ׵뷨󣬸æҪԼ
ʵ֮һʼҲû뵽ıʣΪ֮ǰδ뵽ĳ˵֮УȻԼǸˡ
Ҫƣǡָо̫ˬˣѾƿϵҿȥԼҪκ顣׵˼ÿʼЩҡ
һҪһҪͷ
㣬뵽˾֮С
͵׼ʧصʱ֮ͻȻ˵ףһҵ۾
۾һ˫۾𣡡
õ֮ѣе׶ʱһ˫۾֮ûãȶ
ƽˡȶк²ѡ
֮ոʱô£
ȻѾظ״̬Ǹղŵı仯еɻ
ҵãҵƿص޷֪ĴڣԵҰʱͻΪܲסǿ뵽֮УҺҵ񣬲ȻҾֻܹҵˡ֮Եɸס
ˣ˼ҵľ̫ͣ޷ס𣿡
֮Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵һ֪˼
꾳̫ˣԺ֮Уʵ廯֮ǰҽ㲻Ҫ뿪֮һѡ
ʵ֮һ仰û˵ǾԶʱڣŸոսΣ͸߳ĻͲ֪˶ٴˡ
ˣû뵽ϻôΣաһ˵ţһߵ˴켶ֽǰȡ˼ҳֽ׼ʼд顣


148 ʥطӳ
ױǲдģڱձƵϣҲֻܹˡ
ףѡñīֽⶼԶʱڵ࣬ķѼõģϣܹдݵ¡֮д֮ǰһЩīֽļֵ
һ֮óıīֽȻ٣ʵЩ˲֪ĳɹϾּıԶʱҲ洦ɼġ
ڵĻҪڻôıʵ̫ˡ
İɣҽҪд鼮֮ǰ㶼ȽϹĵġ硷
׶֮˵һ䣬漴ùһֽ棬Ȼд֣硣
硷1µؽ硣
ؽ磬ܵظ
ܵظΪߵ磬ΪС
ظڤ·ʮ˲ֻءʯ̨κš
׵дٶԽԽ죬ظӦеһкܿͱ׶дЩ켶ֵ档
дʱܹԵĸо編ѾʼעЩˣȻ˷־ûб
ϾײŸոдЩڵƣûодݡ
ܵظ벻ﻹװĹ˼ֻؾȻĽ⣬ֻһĻһЩԴֻأΪֲĴڣת֮˼άҲдУͿֻҲȱݡ
ⲢĲܵΪһ˼ֻҲ˿ԴƣܹĴڣ϶ǼΪϡٵġ
֮еظ磬Ҫûеظ
˵ظ趨ô겻ֱ𣬳ΪⷽϣǱЩסߣȻĥ
ֻ߱뵽УΪֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ꣬ұҵʹ
˵˵ظҲܻ飬ɵʱǸĻͱضΪУû˹ܡ
ɣ־㲻ϣҰƷô㻹ڵʲôдͬʱҲͣĺ־
д硷еʱ־ԽٲҴǿȥдɲ֪Ϊ׶ʮ˲ڲд־ûг֡
дʮ˲Ϳʼдڤ·κš˰顣
дʱڸܵһǿɨܿתƵ׵Ķ棬ҲڵǱߡ
ͬʱҲ㵵ͣд̧ͷһߡ
̧ͷ˲䣬ÿյͻȻЩʲô
ԭˣոдĶӦö֮Ҫ飬־ֻήһƣж˭鼮ʱһҵıѡУôյͻ˲䱨ϣһıѡУҵͻᱨϡ
־ƶ׵һʱ뵽ܡ
ֹ뵽ˣҲ뵽ܣȻյҪ״Ķˡ
ʲô飬ԭֻ겢ûǿʵ廯ĵزôͻȻӵд鼮УΧֽǲ̫ˡûп֮ĳ֣Щ׵ˡ
ЩС飬ǣ׾ȻҲд飬Ǳ黹ûгɾ飬Ѿʼ־עˡ
飬ոȥ
ʥߡʥʥߡֲĳƺţȻһš벻׷ϵı仯ֵεĽЩʵ
ףΪ־׼˺ܾã벻Ȼַʽҿ⣬Ҷҵġ꡷ţһذܡն״һ
Ƕ׵ϿɣǶ׵ء
һЦӦ͸ֻվĽǶȥǣд鼮վĽǶȥǣûκʤ㡣
˵󣬾ͼд鼮
ҵ뿴еʲôӡҲһȻͷд顣
ⲻ֪һͬдʱѾ뵽˻֮С
Ȼд鼮˵漰Ҳ漰Ϳʼˡ
ʱ˿̣ԭڰ磬ΪǱԵʣ˲ͳΪֲָĺ졣
ʱ˴ӣ֮ϲŸֳһѪ£Ѫµĳ˻ָӾܿǾͷһЩӦʧȥߣͻȻԼΧ
ЩһͲͣ߶ߵ˵ã˵磬Ǹ粻ðҲûƭöһжá
ֻҪԸĻͿʱ԰
԰ҽṲһУһΪϲʳס
յһ԰һµ硣
ңЩջ֮£кܶһֱɱˣ嶼ˡ
ǿ˲;סʥߡ

ʥڡ
ʮʥڿֱֲóһ󷨣Щ˲˳ȥ
ǲſʼ
󣬶һд鼮ܹ뵽ľֻһطˡ
ңòһֱܵʲô飬ɱʥظռ鱨Ա
ʥҸоⱾпʥд
Ȿ˭дģ֮ʹ鼮ͿԶ϶һˣҹƽ֮µûǧҲа򡣡
ҴڵѾˣ֮鼮ͲñдʥرҪж
˵Ķʥ߲㣬ƹʥصҲ˵ƹ
ƽգʮۼһ𣬾֮ڷһЩʣҲĸۼһ۶ѣȫ÷鴫Ѷ
ɽΪ飬ʮȻۼһ𣬿ʼδ顣
һȥңҸһдʥֹд顣
ͬ۵㡣
ʥȷʵ֣ºʥȥ߹ط˼꣬Ҹ߹ء
ʥͬô죿
ʮʥҲɵ֪ʥߺȥǵĳͷʥܰ
ʥͬ⣬Ǿͳѹ
ǣǩʥЭʱֻвˣʥסкܸߣһڧѹĻʧ档
ѹʥܿг
ʥܰȷʵǿдһ˾͵ֵġͨʥߣھۼĿʮʥߣǿҲͬʱԸʮˡ


149 ʥƼ
ʮλʥ߳Ĭ֮󣬾ͿʼʥŪĻôǸȥ
ûѡҵʥִ̫չȥĻ˵һͻвࡣ
ǰʥĴڱ̫ˣʥصİţѹȻҴȥ
Ҳͬѹʥ˵á
Ȼз磬ǾͶƱ
ͶƱɣ
ʮʥ߾һ󣬾ͿʼͶƱǷҪѹʥ
ܺãڿʼͶƱͬѹʥĶվɡ
һʤ˵ͶƱμͶƱľǼˣЩҲûбҪȥŪֽʲôġ
Уʮ໥֮䶼ϤҲϴҶ֪˭ѡʲô
Ҫһ㣬ǾʮԱ˴˶ǳΣ˵ͳһҲᰵȥ
˵໥ΣʮſԿסʥصһС
Ѿˣһ߸ͬѹʥʥֿĻҾһѹɡ
ֻˡ
ϣѡǶԵġ
ߣ
ʮʥȷжĿĺ󣬾ֱƿճڵĵطн
ʥصʮʥ⣬кܶʥߴʱ˿̶µԴҡ
û취˭ֻҵĶоտˣΪǿĵط鷢ﲻжϡ
Уʥصʮʥ߳ʥҲ̲סǣҪﵽ׻ᷢʲô顣
ЩȥΧ۵ʥߣоͰĺԺʥߡ

ĺԺڡ
͵ոճʱԺʥ߾͸æۼһ
ģȥĵطңûʲôĺԺԺҲ֪׵Ķ򣬶Ϊйء
϶йأⱾӦòдģǶ鼮Ҳ˽Ը֪ԲˣҲ²ʥֱʡ
ʥҲʥϾǵ֪֮УǱܹд󾪶ˣҲֻʥˡ
գⶼûд뵽˵ĶУ˴ҵȻ֪Ĵˡ
ҲΪ¸׿϶йϵҲʥʱиʥУʥŻдһ鼮Ժͷе뷨˵˳
һ˵꣬һԺʥҲ˵Ĳ¶ˣôҸоںΣգϾڵȰȻ뵽԰棬Ҳ˵ʥ㹹һ磬һɹĻô׹оųɵļʻᱻȥ
ȷʵˣҪʥ㹹Ļ϶յԽ࣬ԽǿܻŹ׵ġʥҲ뵽һ㡣
ȥףΪϻʥЩʥɵĻΪ˵еλǿ
һʥΪλôҲûֹܹ˴ˡ
һѣһвס˵ѡ
²˳٣ǸϿʥҲᶯ֣ڷʥͬʱҲҪСױʥضߡ
ߣ
ĺԺʥϺ󣬱ʥ߸һʥȥ֧ԮףԺҪĺԺֹıʡ
ڲӵʱ棬Ͽգʱ;ۼʮʥߡ
ЩʥߵѾﵽʥİ˳ɣ˵һԼ뵽ʷ֮У֮ΪĶ֮һˡ

ڡ
Са˿ŵĿŲԶļꡣ
ԭڴԺػ׵֮ʱΧҲ˺üꡣ
Щ궼Саǰļˣһ־ȰСа뵽ߵ֮С
ӣһ𣬻ʵֻǽѣҺ㸸׶ϣܹѡ
Са㻹ǣ֪֪ĸж㣬ﻹֵܽãѵͲž𣿡
Сã簡ѵСʱһˣʱǶôĿ֣ϣǻܹصһ̡
Саļ˺ܶ࣬Щ껹µĳҺаѡƵֳСаⱾ֮£ЩֻܹԶԶȰ˵Саûа취̫
ʵСаҪĻеܣȻֱɢɱ
ϧǣСаûһ㡣
ЩȥļȰ˵֮£Саһ˿Ķҡ
Ǿꡭʦ˵ֻлŲпܡֻлŲϣǶǻþҲܹӰ쵽Саеİ֮飬ͣĵֵЩ˵
Саɣ
ӣɣ
Сá
㡭
ǣЩ˵ĻԽԽ࣬СаҲڳһЩ롣
һ־񹥻Ĺ֮£Саܿһ
ô˵СаĵطΪŨҵĵطԾסǵˣҪû㹻ľֶΣȥֿ
䣡
͵СаѾױϴʱͻȻһ촫뵽ĶУЩɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼ͸¶ɫ

СаҪ
ǵ㣬԰㡣
˼ºͻȻ˵һЩĻȻ㳹ɢˡ
СаΪͻıʣָǡ
꣡
Щɢ֮ʱСаڵгҲˡ
ãػˣҪǱҵ˷ʦ鷳ˡСаĿΧȻʹ㱧׵
ŸûӰǰ
Саôˣ
Саûмȴһھͽ֡
˭ô֪Һʦ֣Са׵ķŵڵأȻӻͳһذףĿͻȻֵˡ
ĺԺĸԺ뿪ĺԺȨȻһֱע顣ʥ˵Լݡ
ʵԲýֱͣʹֶƷСаģ֮ǰпȥһ׾Щʲô֪Са׵ͽԼ׸칬ϵ
ˣʥ߲ŲСаʹǿӲֶΣպ׵Ĳ
ĺԺĸԺҲʥߣСаûۼʥߣԵú𾪡
ҵԸĻûлֵأԻǰ׵ǰɣΪΣաʥߵٺܿ죬ȻһЩ׵ϢҲ֪׵ıˣ֪ﵽ׷ʲô顣
ΪСаģʥ߻óĺԺ֤
֤ʱҼ֤һģһݾͲûˡ
Са֤󣬴˵ݣҲԥѵʦ飬ҵҪҪڵ


150 ʥʮ
СѾͷҲΧǺǵ׵İȫǵ׷ʲô飬ΪλεûκεϢ
һʥѾע⵽׵ı仯ֱһ㡣
ʵҲǺʦ˵Ҫȥһ鷳Ծ뿪뵽ˡۡ硣СаԥãջʥߵĻ
Ϊʥ˵ûиղʥߵֱӳǰҲ֤ǿʥߴǿĻСаûκεֿ
һԵʣСаղѡʥߡ
ȵȣ˵꣬ǾһʥСаĻ׷һ䡣
꣬ʦô˵ġСаʵҲ̫ʲôûܵⷽĽ
벻û˵Ľ̵֮£Ͱ۳ˡʥߵͷȻпһ䡣
ͨһ仰֪ʥ߶ⷽ˽⣬ҵʥǸز϶۳ˡ
ʥߴˣȻʦΣգôڸЩʲôСаĵ׵İȫʲôģ㲻Ҳν
ȣҪȷ׵Ȼ󡭡ʥ߰뷨˵˳
Ÿո˵ռִһ󲨶ʮ˳ʥߵĸǰ
֮ı任϶йأ׵ǾʥشΪܰɡ
ʥǱҪİȫ
ʮһСаʱ͸оԼ·վ˷籩֮У޾ѹ˷ӿһ¶ǳѣΪоԼĶҪһ㲻ԣôͻᱻ˲˺顣
ʥصʥϢһʮ
͵СаеܲסʥߵϢʱʥͻȻվǰסʮʥߵϢ
ͬʱʥ߻üĶʥʮȵʥʮӦ֪ء
ģʮ˵ĻǹأӦ֪ʮľ߹ĵǰ޷ġ
ǸС׵ǣȻǿɲںǲ׵ĵӡ
ʥʮ߲㣬ȻʥҲʥߣʮиûκв
ĺԺǾԲύʥҡҡͷ֮ǰѾ뵽һ㣬Բʥʮ˵ʲô׵ġ
ǣģӦ֪ƾһ仰ҾͿֱĺԺԺг
ĺԺ˵ҲֻʥصһԺѣ㲻ϣĺԺܵǣ͸Ͽ׵гɡ
ģʥصľ޷ĵģһжΪ롣
Ҫˣǵ޵ġ
ʥʮȻûֱӳ֣ϵΣգȴʥߺǾᡣ
Ϊʮ˵ȷʵ̫ǿˣҪֽɢĺԺôƾĺԺ޷
ˣ
ʥ߾δǰʱռǴһʥԺС
Ⱥʥһʥߵ͸ֳһ˿Цݡ
ǺǣԭԺʥصоȻ˲Ҳ֪֪ʥص󣬻᲻ỹﵱϵʥءһʥһ˵ţһվʥߵߡ
ǳʥصãѾǱÿʼˡǵڶʥߡ
ǫ𾴶ˣʥػʲôʸԿס塣
ĸڰ˸һεʥһ˸һ־ͰСаΧ룬׵ػ
İ˸ʥߣȻԺĸԺ
Ժʥ࣬սѧԺӵĸʥ֮⣬Ժֻʥߡ
Ժʥ߼ʮЩʥʮĶʥֻһʥ
ڣԺ뷨֪࣬ʥؿܻʱΪף˶ʥػףһĻʥҲûа취ǿдߡ
Ϊǣ̫ˣʮʥߵĶԳ֣һĿ֪
ңǸȫģҲ˵סҲ֪ڵ飬ǿ϶Ҳʥǰ̽飬һʱˬһܾˣô帲ʱҲ͵ˡ
Ժץסһ㣬϶ʥز
ԭˣ벻ԺȻֶԿʥأѲʹ
ʥƽն̫ˣǶʥز䡣
Σѡʱʥ֮ڧǾͲ³Ϊ𣿡
ʥʮصĿЩԺ֪Բܹ֣Ҫ˵ЩԺ
ʮߵͿҪˣҸоǺȥȥѰʥд飬ȻҪʥˡʥ߲˵׵飬Ǿת˻⡣
һ˵꣬Щʥ߾Ͷʶ̧ͷһ
ȻѾ뵽˾Ž׵βƲûҲ˵ⱾпܳΪʥ顣
һⱾΪʥ飬ôͻᱻУܵʥݣս
а鼮Բܹȥֹʥд飬Ȼڻ⡣
ˣֹֽţʣµĸһͬȥѰʥ
ʥʮڸܵı仯ھ˽Ҫ飬Ŀǰԣ׵ȻҲҪûҪ
ʥʮа뿪ʣµʥҲһǰһĵ˰ΧȻǻԼ鼮Ⱥһϡ
ãһ˽̽飬ڶǿơ
ǰ˸ʥ뿪ܰʥҲһ
ʥߴˣʥ߶ʥصʥ𣿡ʱСаͻȻһ䡣
Ǿʥصʥߣֻǵǲܴ˲򲻵ѵ£ǧҪʹŭǡʥССаһ䡣
ѾˡСаٱĳһ㣬ϾʥʮԺֱȣҪ˵ûŭǲܵġ
õģεԺףǾ㷢йŭҲҸԺȥΪסʥ߶һš
ʥؿǷǳںģΪǿδܹõԴ֧֡
һʥص䣬ôÿյĹƷҲܶ࣬˵лᱻԺȥ
СаױУúãѾǽӹˡʥ߼Саڱ׵Ͷűϵһһָʾ׵Žȥ
ţ
СаȻҲ˼һֱףʥߵָ㣬ʥߵ֮ͬ£һ߽䷿ݡ
ʱ˿̣й׵ᣬҲʱһ䡣


151 ڤ֮
ڡ
ײ֪дʱѾۼһʥߡ
УЩʥ߸ոΪһʹ
˰˰κ̾κΡ
дڤ·ʱ¾д˱˰κŵݡ
仰һдʱͻȻ̧ͷȻ󲻿ŵĿһס
־תעˣȻ뿪ȥǱߡվΪԵʲͻȻ̧ͷģһʼ֪ҲдʱȻһ˼ɣлΪʤԼ
֮ǰ־ͣߣҲյԽԽ㡣
˭뵽͵սʤȯյʱ־ͻȻתעƶĵ׵ߡ
һյʤʱ
ܣȷʵţôܹһ͸ϣôбȾõѧ˵յһ˿
ԴѪΪġС֮󣬻ǵһγ״
֮ǰҲûΣչΣգҲ̹ȻԣΪ
վˣΪҪġСʵ뷨ǴģĴҪĸӿ־塣
׻˵ġ
ɶ񣬲ܹȥˣҪһҵд꣬Ȼֱӻɱסռ־ȥ֪Լ޷ʤˣսپ
ٿףڰѱ˰κдϣְ̨ʯҲд˽ȥ
Щݵļ룬ϵͻȻ˷츲صı仯
󣬻ЩѹʵߣҪȰ˵Լһͬ
־ʼע׺յѪͻȻʼֱ߽⣬γһڤ·
ڤ·һЩȥҲɧߣǷ׷̤ڤ·߽ܵظ֮С
ֻﲻҲ
йתۡŮУȻ֮
Щڤ·ʱҲڰֻд˳
ֻصĴڵľΪֻҪӵֻأôͲɢеҲõһ
ǻľֻҪһ飬պлתΪˡ
ͬģΪңôҲпתΪ
ףҵѾд꣬ҾߵнѳһҲд顣
ңд˲䣬󻹳һڤ֮š
ףڤ֮ŵĺ棬ҵ԰ֻҪһ򿪣ͻгΪ԰еһԱյĽԼܡ
׵Եֵ԰ֻ֮Ҫһ£׾ͻ
׵ıֵеʧ׵п֡Ρɫġ
ϧǣĻֻ̧֮ͷһһۣ˵ѾˣԲõĻһһΪˣҪǵȵҶֵĻһһֻ׸
׵黹ûд֪꣬ܵظ֮ͻòֻصĻᣬתΪһֻҲǲܵ顣
ףһһ˵ԵĻᣬȻԼϧôȥɡձùǺűڤ֮һƣ԰Ĵš
֨ѽ
͵Ŵ򿪵˲䣬ʹÿһС
󣬴Ҿͷ֮гӰ
һһŮеɫۣɢ޾ϣһ׼λݳıǰд顣
עģߵϣȻ˺ֽҴЩֵĹϿȥ֪ǵƷʲ͡
У˵źֻܶʣǱʾ֧ıʺܶ˶ϲ
ЩϳǷ׷׻ԼǷǻþ
ٿǸŮˣһں쳤ۣйоأòҲǱ£ֻǱǳı䣬иǳϢһҪԶĸо
Ȼ׺ˣ֮İ˿òҲܲ׵ϢվͲͬˡ
ûκ˵İһ־ͱеҵӸ˳
ЩҵĳǣһҲޱȡ
ɶ񣬼ʲô飬ôʥߣȻ¶ò
²һֱϽ𣬽ô״
ˣˣʥҪ¶ˡ
ǻû꣬ʥٶǾԲܹǳ֡
ûżҵӣʥİǱսҲ£ΪǻԽսԽǿ
ҵļھһ֮󣬾ľ
ʵϣʥǸûйҵĶ̬ΪоպڵĿռ֮С
һĿռ䣬֪ռͨĻʥҲѽС
ͨĿռ䣬ǰ־ԿԴƣõļӳ֣˵ǰ˸ˣһеʥ֣޷ǿн뵽Ǹռ֮С
ҪܿռˣϿȥҵǸŮʲôиԳд˭
Ѱʥʥʥߣ˿Ҳеͷˡ
ԭΪʥд鼮ԲŻ𺳵
ǵڤ֮ű򿪺ʥȴ˭ʶ
߾׵ĿԣҲûȥ룬ʥ߶֪Ľɵġ
ʥǿ磬ô;Բ档
У׽磬Ҳǿд飬ɢžǶоһ˿вơ
ƣǿʥߵĲΣֻһŶѣӵʥ飬Ҳòơ
ˣײĶɣʥصʥ뵽ã֮С

ڡ
ڴڤ֮ŵ˲䣬ΪˣҲɹˡ
ϧǣŴ֮д飬·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
⡭ôΪ԰ûзմ˼Ӻ󣬾ͷе㲻Ծæͷڤ֮š
ⲻԣⲻҵ԰
һնʱûԭ
Ϊڵ磬˼磬һ˵ȫİ硣
棬һܳڤ·ǰһȪڶȹڤ·ͻ޵ȻУվһת
磬д磬ֻ֮УǱһѡ
仰˵ǱѾ׵ȡˣղŵڤ֮ţʵҲǱٻġ
һԳһ飬ԸһЩĻûдڤ֮ŵʸ


152 
ճ׵ľˣһҲ뵽ıԭԼƵĵɱ飬Ѿʧˡ
УɱʧʵҪģҪǽոҪεֿ׵Ĺ
û취ȫûа취ڵֵĹˣֻҲ벻Ϊ֪ô࣬Ҳ֪֮ߡвͣʡ
ԼѾʧˣɳڻûտʼ˼ԼΪʧܡ
ôϸһ룬ͷ̫ˡ
գһЩ˵ȷʵǽѣһ˵Ӧȥ˭˵һд飬һ߷Ķ˵һ仰
׿ձĽѾעˣ˾˵һЩʲôҲν
ΧҲûߣ˵ʲô
Щͨڤ֮ſǵˣҲ˵ʲô
ĻҲˣΪѾתͷϵʱֻܹյĺ󱳡
ףһҪ㡣ռ׻ĸ˵˵Ҫ飬Ǿһ⡣
˵ɣ
˵ʱͣϵдΪֻҪдһ仰ͿԽ˵ؽĽܡ
һҲζŸðֻ֮ˡ
֮ǰ֪ҪԼʲô
ףУʲôĴڣսףȴ׵Ļش
˵ʲô𣿡
״뵽ջ⣬ɵʳʱһʱ仹е㲻ûش
˺һ˶˼
УǽѣͬʱҲǳͷǻҲսᣬҲǿʼ֮ӦñƿǵУ಻С岻СͬҲС׵Ĵ𰸡
źܶ壬ΪÿľһһЩ˵ȷʵǾ꣬һ˵Ҳǳͷ
յ鼮ŻΪȫ档
Ҫ׵ֻûг֣յȷʵΪʥ飬ɼȻװѵؽ綼ѾдôҲûлˡ
ף˼ôԼûƿʸⱾȻսʤңȴòⱾΪΪдĶհ׵Ĺ۵㣬˵׵״˵Ļܶԡ
Ȼдˡ硷еĵؽ磬һȫΪطдģдõʥ֮ĽҲõĽ֮׶ⱾԵС
Ҫڴڤ֮ţҲһ򵥵顣
׶һе㲻ΪȻǡ硷ʥ֮׶˸еơ
Ͼ׾ҪܵظɹˣʱҲΪΨһһԴܵظŵĴڣ͹ǳһ㣬㲻֪жĽ
οʮʮţһ׻޷ıܵظ򣬵ȴһЩ飬ⱾԲ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ײſд硷
𣿡û˵룬ֻǼһ䡣
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ҲͶյͷȻֱӰһдϡ
ˣ
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ûãЩȻʼŵ潵٣䳡ͷ·Ʒһһ㣬ظͱޱȡ
ףԵĻһһֻڵС񡣡Ҳܵı仯ǾͶһҪ
֮ǰ˵һҪһʼΪ˵󻰣ϸһ£Ϊ׿Ļ
뵱һֻڵС
յҪ׶Щԥˡ
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ʵĴתΪģյѧ˵ǹͻȻı˺ܶ࣬ٶȿյʱ򣬾Ͳڸܵһŭˡ
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ҴӦ㡣
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ռͬ⣬۽ͻȻһˮҲ֪ԼΪʲôޣ֪ˮΪ˭µģ֮ˮôˡ
ףΪҳΪı꣬ҾͰӶЩѡѾſһУһвƸѾҪˣʼеڴԼΪ
ԣھתǰĶףһ㲻Ϊ״ӦһΪѧ˵ϻڶ׵𾴡
ףԿ߳һǰδеĵ·ö飬͵ǰĺɡ
һ˵ţһ߽ӿ³һöɢŵâӣһԶɵ׵ϡ
ù󣬶ʱ͸ܵһɱ֮⣬֮ȴر
飬ʲôģ׶ɻһ䡣
Ȼ׿óѾı˲٣Ҳе֮ġ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡ
ö꣬Լʥ۳ģľ幦ЧҲǺһԿ϶Ǿʲôûа취ش׵⡣
ΪֻŪġ
ʥҸӦκʥϢ׾ȵĿһϵӣո治֪һ㡣
㶼֪𣿡Ҳһ㶣û뵽
Ȼջش⣬ʱ˿̻һ֪
֮Ҽһû⣿ж֮һ䡣
Զʱڣǹ顣
ײŸһʳ֮˵ֺ͹ܡ
֮˵ճƺΪĶʵӦýл顣
ĳһΪý飬겢֮ںһӶγɵĲ
ýõҲʵʵģʵʵƷٿ֮䳹׵ںϡ
յöýʥ֮ĻﵽҲȷʵˡ
ֲֶûмأԭҪڶʱɱôܹҲ˵ǳаˣ׿ӣһʱ䲻֪òҪ
Ȼһɲȫ飬Խֶġ
һ㶼а෴ΪģΪýں֮һе᳹ʧڵͬһſհ׵ֽԽΪһػ飬Ҳһ⻯ֻ֮壬ں֮壬λȡ֮е뷨ǾͰѻԸס
һ˵꣬׶ʱս


153 ʮ
һʼŻ̫Ϊֶа񣬿֮һ˵ʱ͸ı˿
ʵĿ֮Ըıô죬ҪԭΪĹЧ̫ǿˡ
ԭˣ֮Խ飬ΪѾ顣аһͰѻ뵽Լ֮С
״̬ûа취ϵʱֻ̣ܹѻ뵽档
ɺϵǣʵϰѻȷѡ
ףϣΪãôͰһֱɣֻҪʱ֮ʱȻͻӦʱΪ飬תΪ⻯ͿԼˡ֮һ䣬Ҫǲ˵Ļ׻Ĳ֪
ң֮˵׾ϸȥӦһ£ֵʱȷʵһرϵ
ҵϢյĺ٣ӦӰ쵽ҡ׷һ󣬾ʹ֮˼
ֻҪһֱѻ֮УôͻϢȻΪĸڡ
ڣ׵Ϣ⣬滹һЩյϢֻռһ˵ĻϢҲȻɢ
ףõԶɵָ㣬ôɷ֪ʲôģռŻ鲻˵ͺһ䡣
⣬ȻԻش𣬵ȴҡҡͷ˵Ҵû˵飬ںһĻҲ֪Ǻǻ
׿ɲ뱩¶һЩʲôΪһ̸о·ʲôעעȻܵȷʵڡ
Ķ̫ˣʥߵע⣬ı֮£ʥ֣Ҳһ̽һ㣬Ϊ˰ȫǲն˵
Ҳֻһ˰ˡ
ôھȥתɡʧ̾һ˵ʵĳֶ˵ҲǺرġ
һ·ߣ
˵Ͷһƣյͱһεһ
һֱӾ̤뵽ڤ֮ŵһߡ

磬ǡ
ڳΪʵǡ
׵ȡյǰڵѾﵽʮ
Щ˶ƽգԼһЩ粻ߵͨߡ
΢һߣԼЩҵӵܵǶû顣
ϾǿֻҪʵ˶ƾԼ־ֵס
Щӵܾ͸˵ˣǱʵͲҪֻҪҵأôͶһķʩ
ֻҪЩʩһĻôֵЩǺѡ
ֱʥǺűֿס˲٣ҵ׵ȡյڻָ
ɼˣһ̵Ҳ˲ٵ
Щ֮꣬׵ֺ󣬷׷뵽׵棬ڤ·
ͻı仯ʱЩʥ뵽ɻ֮С
֣֮ǰȰôڵͻȻһ䣬Ϊˡ
ݳ׸ıˣֽĿֻһҲ˵ݸıˡ
ôı䣬֮ͻȻֵʲô
֪ʵˣ²׷ʲô飬ֻЩй۲ʥߣǲµһЩ
־ޱˣԺ꽫ΪɵĴڣ˭Թ˵꣬Ҫؽ繥ˡ
˵һ飬Ϊóľꡣ
궼ܵظϽһ꣬͵ܵظϡ
ʥǶͬ󻹿Դ
ֻҪ󳹵׳ɹγܵظĻô彫֮һλýᱻȡ
ǸŮ˾벻ô󣬾;ҵʥѪҰɱҴϺͼ
飬ΪصĶ֮һ
ûв´ģŮһʲô飬Żڵģ
Ǵʲôԭ֮ˡ
֪ʥôˣϣҪҲհˡ
ʮѾץסһЩҵˣǴ֪飬Ҳ֪ҵʥһֱûв롣
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Ͼʥǲܹͨ˳ֵģҪǸʥĹϵȻڰƭʥĻһʥҲ˵
δңʮʱûоǴȥҡ
ʥҲһ£ûмǴĻҲӵһʥ϶Ҳ֪顣
׵ʥʥŻ鳶Ϲϵֻǲ֪˿ΪҪ롶ۡ硣
ΪѰʥɣҲʥҪʲô
ʮյ飬˵׵ϡ
Ҫǵۣһһġ
Ϊ֮ǰͨʥصһֱΪһʥطʥ飬ͻӦĳͷ
ʵϣԵĻʮֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ʥԻǳˣ׵ĴڸӾˣʥ׿ٳɳȻΪػʥߣôٶʥصҲ˵ʲô
װɱһǣһ飬ֻҪ׵ĳ࣬ʥض취ʥص˼άʽ
ʥֻΪδʦܹ߳Щжֵõġ
ο׻ûôʥȻΪȴʲôˡ
Ȼʮ֮ԵһʱҲΪλʥԵʣһǾ׵̫ǿˣѾ߹˵һɼһרʥص
˵ˣ˵칬֮ʥ顶Ͷ򴫡ߣʥҲóȻԸףΪһǶ׳֣Ȳ˵Ժһʱ䷴߹Ҳһʱ䷴
ֻһĻʥػԽܣȫųɶʥأôʥص³ֻУɢ
쿴³һ
һ壬ʲôӦ
֣Ӧðˣֻǲ֪ʲô˶Ǹˡ
հѻó飬ЩʥҲͨڤ֮ſˡ
ֱֳ仯ˣ˽˳
뿪Ǹ磬֮ˣһڽȥ
˹ĲҪգ
ձɣǻкܶҪ
֣ն
ʮڹĵˣ׵òǿ壬ȥվõѡ


154 Ȫ
ʮֵʱҲڤ֮ŵĺ˼ı仯
ЩǡʥߣȻôʥߡ
ͨڤ֮ţ׿ĿǵΧһʮҵʥߡ
Щʥ߻ֻܹܵģЩڰеʥ߻ָжˡ
֮⣬ʥҲˡ
ֻʥ߿϶СģϾأеҲ鼮νǺԼʥ䡣
ʥȻҹΧۣҲͽ˶ˡ
ʲôôʥߴȥգԭעյܵظȻκţȥתΪһֱ
ֻǣڿûãͷ־ʮʥȺյĵطȥ
ô£Ȼʮʥȥգ׶Դ˵Ȼǲ⣬Ϊ֪ʮʥǸ
֪ˣһյĿѯйҵ飬Ϊ֪ؽ飬ѵΥʥЭ𣿡
ûã׾뵽ʮΪγ֣ͬʱһʣǾʮ᲻ܵɡ
Ҳûд̫ʱ䣬ΪʮƿһǺ󣬺ܿһӵ𣬿ٳڵĵطȥ
ԭˣ
׿ʮͼˡ
ʮֻǴƿĿռ䣬Ӫʤ֮µȥ𼶱ĴھȻΥԼˡ
ҺòײŰջܣɲǾ׿ųаһ
ţֻ׽硷˳Ȼ󷭵еһҳͺȵȪ
һ˵꣬ǵؽĻȪʱͷӿ

Ȫڷӿ֮ʱˮЩˮжǻȪ֮ˮ뿪ȪʱΪһˮɵЩʥ򿪵ڴ
Ҳǵ֪֮ȪĹܣҲηȪĹ

ȻȪˮˮǰʱֱһȭˮȥһһͽˮˡ
ˮɲֹһһˮ󣬺ܿеڶڹ
ҪǣˮһԣǾǴɢҲܹںһ
ˣǸڸˮһӣûܹ嵽յߡ
һ治˴ͬʱ˫ֻÿή·ʧȥһ㡣
£ǲͨˮӴĴԽƵȡľԽࡣ
ѾԽԽԶˣȥǾûлȥסˡ
ɣѾˡ

𱻻Ȫˮֹ֮ʥʮ֪ǵӪȼƻʧˡ
ʮѡȥգһǵ˵ûд׵Ȼôˣİ£׾ٵľȥʮж
УĻǸҪܵظȥյͱ˸ˡ
һ㣬ʮǲʮھĿס
ǸˮԲԼģ֮ǰƿռûйǣҲ˵Ǳ˲ݵġ
ſǸˣվմŵſڣϻһ鼮
ûдˣӦþߣҲ֪ǺηʥȻֲ֪ʶ
˭ҸںҪʲô
֪ΪʲôһͻȻһһŸոճûãһֱڰе
ʥʮ֮ϵ׺ܸȤȻ칬ϵ
Ҫ֪ʥضһֱǳ˽⣬ǶԸҲǳ˽⣬ĿǰԳ˷ܹŵʥض֪ǲ˽ġ
ؽ硢ܵظĹ˼ʥؿǶܹд鼮
ҪǶԷȻҵĵطд飬Ŀǰƿҵһϸ£ô䱳Էǳ֮ǿ
ǰǿǰǿѧ˵ʥ֮ǰȴһϢûС
Ŀǰ⼸صʣһˣǾǲŸոճֲõ칬
칬пܣϾڳֵǵظ칬
Ŀǰԣܹ뵽ֻǸˡ
°ɣ칬ôŪô󶯾һ˵Щʲôɡ
ʥʮصĿյףǶһָоǾһ˵Щʲô
ڲûйʥʮӸµĿܵظһŵ潵١
һЩʲô
ײ֪ΪʲôǸоؽȱ˵ʲôȱʲôһʱ벻
ˣȻܵظôڻȱʮţͷȡ
˺һͻȻҵȱʲôǾȱٹߡ
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ʥߣھͿ˺ؽΪǩʥЭ飬ôվѾǸˣԵؽڲȫ
ΪõؽðȫҪõظӵӵѾˡ
ֶֻŵؽһۣȻͶ֮˵֮ڵƬ֮УŸʥڳ˯֪ǷܹܵĴڣ
˵ȻʥܰˣȻܵظѾˣôҲʱýܰ⣬˳ýܰˡ
ܰв׵ģ֪ܰ׵ܣӵоԵǰϣ֮ܰϡ
ܹܵ˵ǸʥߣϻһڣȻ࣬Ҳʥߡ֮ش׵⡣
Ȼ֮ظ׵ϣĸ֪ɺǿǳǿʥ߶Ӳ֮ĸ֪
ǿ֪һԣһ֮ȷʵǳǿ
ûǿ֮֮Ҳǿп־ڼ£ס嶼ûޡ
ԴȥҪİϣΪһЩ顣˵뷨
ȻҲáͶ򴫡ҵܰڵĵطĻʱ̫ˣ֮İʡײٵʱ䡣
ҿֱӰֻҲٵһǴͻ˳״̬֮ǴӦס
ֻΪװܰд۵ģǾҪ±ͨ״̬һָǸ״̬׾ͱҪԼαװΪȻ϶ܹϳ
лˡ
׶֮һٻˡͶ򴫡һۡ
걾״ֻ̬ҪһԼ·Ϳԡ
Ը
֮״Ǽõۣ峹ʱ򣬾ʹз˳
һʱͻָǸ̬
̬ҲǵһֱӳĴ½С


155 ܵظȱ
֮׷ֿ˼òˡ
ԴԶʱ֮һγ˵ǰ
˲ֱ֪ݣ˴ĸ֮⣬֮ļݶ֪

ڡ
ʱʹеĹԱһͬͼǵϿա
ˣһǴʧȥһɼǿһԱε̾һ
ֵһ˲䣬ͷһ㣬ȻôȻз󣬶һֶķûһܵӰ졣
֮ܿżд󳼣ֱôͼһӻ棬ǵһһ
ͼÿһУֻҪϻѼĴֱۣͼǰڵκһط
ΪԵʣѱƣͬʱҲ߹ȻɢȴûлκһԵ֮һ
ҵ൱Ǵǧ֮һʧȥȷʵӰܴ󣬿Ǳ⵽ҾٶҾʵһ¡
һȷʵ̫ˣҼȥĻǴ˵һѡ
ҺǻţȻʧȥң׸ǴĹףˡ
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ֻҪػףʮھͿԳΪĵĸ۹ڽᳬԽص۹Ϊһ
ҵʧȷʵʹʹͬʱЩ󳼾ס
˵񲢲ڴʵ̫ˣ˰ĹԱڣΪ׻δ
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ףǸصӰȻˣô£
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λִѧʿ֮˲䣬Ĵ˳
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ؽĳ֣ʶ׵Ŀġ
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쿴ǸŮ֣ٻһڹײġ
ҵףҵĴ֮ഫʥ߲Сıڹײ棬֮
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Ҳ֪ŮҪʲô
Ĵ˵󣬾ͲǼʧ̬ķչ
ֹһֹۣͣǱߵҲͣʼĿ֮Ķ

ڡ
֮ôͨŲƹ׾ˡͶ򴫡
һΣײû鶼Ǽ֡
ʥʮڿⱾ󣬸һ۾г˸ָɫ
Щ칬ˣСаڣǶһʱ𾪵˵ͬʱҲһ˿Ժ
ûȻ칬ˣô;ʶһ飬֪˾ס
ܰӦԼԼҲˡ׶˵һ䣬Ͱע뵽ˡͶ򴫡УȻܰϵֳ
飡
ʥոշ֮ʱ׵Ĺײĸ˲ɱһˣܰҲڳУֻܰȥеá
õܰȻǡۡˣʧȥ˷˲֪顣
Ȼ֪˭ȻһܰһܰѰİˣʶ뵽׵У漴Ǿ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
ֻǣЦûгãͺܿ˿־塣

˵֮ܵõܰɱ׵ͷųϡ
֮һ˲ͱŵûʧɫͬʱԼе֮һ֮ʧˡ


156 ظɣϣ
֮סˡۡ飬ͬʱ
Ƚ⣬Ϊغӳ֣ʥ߼Ǳ֮Ϊͬһ㣬˲ͱܲһС
ܣ˭ôǿܣ鲻ŵĿ֮
Ȼ˲֪˵ִ̽˶˵ļ䣬ûдκһִļп֮̽ǿĴڡ
ǹ֮ϵѹе޷ܡ
Ҫ֪ǱԴʥܰ鶼ûܵѹƣ֮ǰȴһ¡
£
⣬֮ûлش𣬶˵
֮֮£Ȼľ͹׵ǰͻıʲе㾪ȣпһĻ鶼ǳȡ
ǲʥܰȻǸ˵ǰ
ⲻĸԸ¹򣬿ǹɲŵͿ֪
ֱ˼飬Ȼ˿Աʥ¹򣬿ǸŮλʵӦòˡ
ȵȣһ߳ˣ˵ĳȻʥһģһʲô
˶ʥʱʥҲӹײ֮˳
ףʵ벻ô̵ʱ䲻ȻѾɳزһõԶİʥܰһͰĿתƵ֮ϡ
һ˵֮꣬ҲͰעŵܰϣȻʵ֪ң
֮Ȼʣɺƽ˿⡣
Ҳ֪˭ǰһ飬ϢһģһܰȻ֪֮˭ˣ֮ɢϢȴֻܵܵǸϢ֮֮һ硣
ϢĲ࣬ǱʵĲࡣ
֪ˣ˽ڵϢ֪ţȻܹƻӹһٵ飬϶Ǻ飬ҶûȤ֮ҲܰĻ֪Щʲô
һеͿҲǵһ
졢죬ڵҲָȻܺ棬ڲ˵ЩʱΪܵڽƿأȥĻܵظһûص֮УȻԳһĻ׾Ҳûа취ظˡ
ܰɷǵǵԼΪ˽ĿģֱӴ֮ܰĶԻ
Ȼǵãظ綼ѾӰ쵽磬ʥѾ֪ҵ飬νڵ⣿ܰصĿס
鵽زʥܰԼѾ췦ˣ֮ѹס飬֪ܰδǰ顣
׵пһЩʲôż˵Լ飬ҪǰĲо֡
ܺãҲ֪ڵƶҺǲȥĻε¼һҾҪ⵽֮֡һ˵ţһ߿һ
ܰ˳׵߿ȥһ۾ͿŴʥעԼͬʱܹܵкܶڰеʥߣֶԶ̹ۿʥߡ
ʥʮ벻Ƕˣڳ˯ʱ䣬һ˺ܶ˼顣ܰЦһǵõһμʱǴ𾪵
ٿڣѾܰϡ
һܰżʵʲô
Ȼղûга취Ȼһĳְ취ֻ취һôãȻҲֱԼ顣
ܼ򵥣ϣҵһͬΪظƿߣظתΪܵظػߡ˵롣
ûҪҵ˶Ϊܵظˣܵظ֮У䵱ţͷ桢ʮ޵ȵһְ
ֻгΪܵظˣҲܹ壬Ҳͬڱıһһ֣ﲢǵϵ磬Ҳǳ׵ʧȥɡ
ǺƣܵظȻһμȫɷɵģֻҪѡ˹̶ְͱִУȻʥ߶ܵķǣȴģ𣿡ܰ˵
ǵظĴߣԶԵظȻһĸǸŮ
׶һ㣬Ȼ˲ͻһâû뵽ֻ֮С
ֻ֮滹ֳһľͨ棬Ϳ֪ѾתΪ˻Σ˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ת𣬾ȻԲݱ˵תܰһĻе㲻֪˵ʲôˣӦ鶼ƿصģһżȴˡ
ֻҪܹ֤ӵܲҿԴӦҪ󣬲ҪôӵܳΪظִšܰӦ׵Ҫ󣬵֪Ҫȥ
ܰҪҵ˳ΪܵظˣҪۡ뵽ܵظУһҾͻΪػߣĻڵ¡ʵҲһʱ䣬˵仰ġ
𣡡ܰĪ¶һ˿Ц
Ϊ˵֮ˣȻҲܰˡ
ԴܰдˡۡȻȲòѹرĿȥ硣
ڵȻ뿪أҪĵطȥܰҪ˵вǼٵġ
ܰӦ֪õĽˣϾѡۡ뵽ҵġ硷֮Уôҵ˶ҪʥҲεİڰ֡
֪ˣȷʵõİ취
ܰȻһ㣬˵пƬ̺󣬾ͽһ鼮˳
Ȿһ׾ͷܵһ¶
ǡۡԭ״̬¿ܵǿ׿šۡԭͬһԨ޿һ㣬·Ǳʱпܰɵ
׶ԡۡио֮⣬ܰǱҲӰóⱾһֵĸо
ʥη塢־壬ҪǸܵһġܰ˵ˡۡı仯
ۡһͲݵ鼮鼮ȫơ硷Ĵڣԡ硷ڸܵĳֺ󣬾ͲͣͷųѹһҪĲ
ĲáۡܵвҪһʱ뿪
ʵ˵硷ڵʥȼ硶ۡΪһֱѹס׳ͣһ׳͵Ļ硷ֻܹۡ޷ɡ
ɣֻҪ硷ͺˣҪľǼ֤һ̡Ҳܵˡ硷ļ¶֪ں鲻̫ѡ


157 ظɣУ
׵ĽܣܰҲͲ˵ʲôֱӽۡԭס
ԭ㣬Ϳˡܰ鼮׺󣬾վһԡ
ٶȻҲ˵ע֮£˾͸ãˣȫ㲻淢ʲô顣
飬͸
Ҳѡ硷˳Ұŵˡۡıϡ
ˣ
鼮һ󣬶ʱͶѷǿƣǡۡԲ硶硷Ҳʹ½ӣۡľͰ
鼮ͬʱ򿪡
׿֮аһʼˣ
ȻŸ뵽ۡе־ʹԶȻ鼮Ϸγһźɫ
һʼʱ۶ѼûþͱӴСֱȭͷСȵеֶ֮ĴСѾӽƤ
ʥѾȫˣǰʥʥˡܰȫʧ֮󣬱׽͸ֵʥˡ
ʥǴӡ֮ۡеģÿһʥҪⱾղٵܹ֮γɣȻⱾѾǧʷʥֻʮѡ
ڣۡѾĨʥȻҲܹ⡣
ףʧȥʥԺҲûˡܰĻί񣬵ȴ˼
ǰֶȻãʵͣڵҾûҲˡ׺ɵ˵
ʵʥ˵һֻͬҲһ
Ϊÿһ춼ҪСĲʥͨ¶ͬʱһ͵սʱȥնһֱʥϣԺ϶ΪӶȥðյ顣
ںˣһʥᣬҲͲȥǷˡ
컯ڴҲˡ
ܰȻҵľ粻ʥߣȴʥĴʧ֮ҪЩ˵˲Ϊ˴ܵĴôͻȻ뵽һ㡣
ǰʥɾңͬҲңʱʧˡ
ܰ̾һ漴ʥĿơ
ಣಣಣ
һɣ˲ʮʥڷ˳
Щʥһ뵽˺ɫ棬õʥļӳ֣ɫ˲ͱһɫԲ£һ綼˾޴ı֮
ıбʥɱ꣬һ̶ڵʥҲ֮Զ˳
ۣ
ʥ˲䣬׵ͻȻһѪ˲˴롣
ͻıػ׵Саʥߵ˶һǸ֪ʲô顣
һ׵ˣӦøйϵ
ɶ׵ΪʲôѵۡҪ𡣡
ȥĻһ׵ͲôҪˡ
ǳ׵³ֵܵظ޷ת
һҪ
ʥߵ˶Ը
ٿףΪߣҲʵܵһɾ޴Ĵ
ҺһԵ֮Ҳһ㣬׵ҪʱͰִ׵֮ϡ
ôһͨͨĶѾʼͻȻ;
֮ܵİһ㶣˵лл
һл׷ĵģ֮ȷʵܴæû֮Ļ׶֪ҳʲôӡ
ϧ׵ĵл֮ûижûκα顣
֮״̬в֪ΪйɵıˣΪ֮
ȿȣ
˼ʱܰҲͻȻȻͻȻһ𣬽ŵϥ˵ϡ
ʥҵĳͷȻҾųɵܰ˵״̬
ʧȥʥʱܵĳͷҪ׵
ܰ㾹ȻҪۡѵ㲻ⱾѾϵһһʧȥⱾ飬Ҳ׵ץס˻ᣬǸæĳЦܰ
ʱΪеֶѾܽԵʣѾ÷ǳ͸ˣֻҪеʥҲܽͻ᳹׵ʧ
Ǵۣ
ҲǿЦһû뵽ʧȥʥҲҪۣҪ֪Ÿոǿ˲٣һ±һ˲͵˵͹ȡ
Һǰ֮壬Ȼˡ
ܿʥƿ뵽棬ͬʱҲüӵʥҵӣͬһʱһ롣
ˣ
еʥ֮ʱڿתÿתһȦСһ֣֪±ȫСʱԶɵˡ硷Ϸ
ˣ
ǰ벻ĽȻ
׸ܰпһ䣬ȻǾͿû뵽ˡ硷֮С
䣡䣡
ûе˲䣬ؾͿʼҵĲȻۿɼٶȿʼֱ߽⡣
ػõģʱҪĻͻᷢѾֱܽ˲䣬Ѿ׵ķֱ߽ˡ
ܰ㡣
ҲʼĿʱڷʧʱþеܰһ䡣
˵ʵҲͦģû׵ĳ֣һȡܰΪһ࣬ȻƿԼϧ׵ĵı̫顣
飬㱾Ͳôڣ԰ȥɡܰ֯вûرʥǸеһɱˡ
ǰܰȻ飬ʵ飬Ϊ׼ҲĺӣԶܰҲһ㱯ˡ
ȻҲһѡ
ܰ仰鲢ûΪ˵һʱѾʧˡ

ʧ֮󣬡ۡҲΪһ糷ʧ֮С
زϵĵذڶʥ飬ۡʧˣȡ֮׵ġ硷
׵ġ硷һ̻ûʥԭȻΪⱾǱֹʥ飬лøߵĳɾ͡
ܰġۡѾ뵽ˡ硷֮Уֻ󳹵ȹ̻Ϊܵظ֮󣬷ӵҵѪ˾Ͷᱻ뵽ܵظ֮Уʱܵظ͹Ͻˡ֪رڼæܰһ¡
Ϊһرܰҵ˾Ҫ뵽֮ˡ
֪ˣлİܰͷһӵܣȻ׵һл
ңܰ˵ʱ껹뿪׵ǰ
ܰҪ
ױҪܰʲô˭֪Ÿ˵꣬ܰһǣ׵֮˲ͱ֮һ


158 ظɣ£
֪ܰҳΪܵظػߣʵ˽ĵģɺܸмףΪҵӻ
ңܵظıӣʥض޷֮ôҲᱻܵظ֮УǰµҲһʹڱʥˡ
ΪЩԣôǱȫҲǲܵġ
ܰ㡭
׵ܰصںͻȻ˵һʲôһв֪˵ʲôá
ղŵ֮ǣʵܰΪ˸л׶ҵİӶָ֮һֶѣ֮ε󣬾һ֣Եֵˡ
Ҫ֪ʧȥʥ֮׾ûа취ɱ˵֮ˣֻܹʵʵɳ
ô˵Ҳ֮ͬкܶıܹͷǳˣܰһһһõô
ףһ֮ϣԺ֪ܰΪɻǾͻһתѸĻ˵˳
仰˼ϣײҪΪܰ뵽ܵظ֮УܵΪٴĻʹ׻ˡ
ʵϣΪǡ硷ԭߣʵȫڲ³ܵظ֮УܰǶˡ
ҲûнֻͣǵͷȻĿܰ뿪أ֮С
ܰߺ֮˵ףҲ뿪
رڼĻ֮ûʲô⣬׵ˡ
֮ͻȥҪþŮݸЩʥ˵һЩûֱ뿪ǴѺ鰲һ¡
Ͼи߲㶼ڶǣúһεĻᣬһ칬£Ұѡ硷ݳȥ
ԣҲһҪ󡣡֮Ӧ׵Ҫ󣬿ͬʱҲһҪ
뽲
ҲҪΪ칬ĳԱþŮʵ֮Ǿһ˼˵仰ġ
ʱ׵Ĺ۲죬֮Ѿ׾Բͨ࣬ܵظֹ˼׶ܹԸһĻʵԸװķǳΪ칬ˡ
ʽ칬ΪʲôϲΪ֮Ĵ̫ˣ׶ȷûа취ס
Ϊҷ칬˼ȷʵϲŮš֮ûκĻش׵⡣
˵ʵûκûκαĴڣ׸ĻǼ⣬һֻܹĲˡ
ãͬ칬
ѡ֮칬ʵле㲻ģ֮ǿܰȷʵкܶطõĵ˲ôӦ֮
ǩְɣǩ֮칬ľŮˡװѡͶ򴫡˳ҿٷҳ֮ϣȻⱾ齻֮
֮ù˵ǩ֣дµ־ֻһǾǾŮ
ǩоͲɵİ̾һϧΪ֮Ȼǩ˼ҲõԼȴûа취õ֮֡
ֻҪ֪֣֮׾л鵽ĹϧĻ֮
ˣȻ칬ˣôԺǵĺ͸ӷˣֻһҺܺ棬Ǿס𣿡װѡͶ򴫡ò֮Ͷ֮һ䡣
ղȻۼԼӡĪ֮ڣӡû׻Ĳ
ԼЧ޷ңϾⲻԼԼĻ鶼޷Υ֮ҡҡͷ̹Ȼĸ޷Լж
׵֪һȻʧ䣬ҲͻȻ֮˵ԼȤֻûʱȥϸʡ
ðɣεĵͷȻһ֮Щʥ˵Ļع׼
֮һһ仰˵ǰ׵˼ͻȻЩᡣ
˵ɣ
ҡ
һڵʱͻȻеݣ΢һº󣬻ǹ˵֪֮ݺǸ߹󣬵ڰ㵱һѣⲻΪҺܶ飬Һ֪ܶʶҪҾ˺ܶ飬ԺʲôҪֱӿڣҪѡҵ飬ǲԭġ
仰ԥ˺þò˵ģ֮Ի˵仰ǣΪȷʵ֮Ѿˡ
û֮Ļа취ȹǰЩѹأҲɡ
ңѲǹʿࡢ
ôһ˵֮ҲˣͻŪеã
ǵ˵Ѷʱôеʱ˼ڿհ׵״̬֮ǵһΡ
Դ֮δйʧ̬ԼܵĲ
֮Ͼ֮˼ĿհȻԼޱȣָֻ֮ܿ
ָ֮֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôãǾֵ˵ˣ
һ䣬֮Ͳ׼˵ֱӰͻص֮С

ڡ
׵ڻصʱʱ˫ۣȻһʺɫѪҺ
ۣ³Ѫ׻ڳݲ˵شǹ˵ġ
仰ȻǶ֮˵ģΪ׶֮˵ǰ㻰ˣΪ֮ѡҲӦֱӾܾŶԡ
Ȼ׻ܶˣȴԽܣһ֮Ĺϵ
ǣֻ֮˵һ䡮ˡе˼׺ã²֮ʲô˼
֮˵һ䡮֪ˡ׶Ϊ֮Ѿʼˣһ䡮ˡȴ뵽˻֮С
ʦ˭˵ˣ
ײŸ˵꣬Саǵʹ뵽׶С
ڸղ׵Ǿ仰Ѫʱ˵ģǻңСаֻˡˡ֡
ΪֵԵʣͻȻ³ѪСаΪǱʲô˸ˡ
ʦ㵽ôˣ
ûʲôֻǰһ鹥˶ѡ
Саٴ׷ʣװ˰֣˵һԡ
ջشСаʻʱʥ߾ǰʵףʱȥʲôˣн֪٣
ʥ߱ĵ׵İȫˣôĵľǷ뵽ܵظС
ʥ˵ҪĺԺ˵ҲҪ


159 칬
ʥ֪ʲô˵ղŵ󣬻ⲹһ䵽ףԺվһߣ԰֪鶼˵Ҫǲ֪ΰ㡣
֪Ϊʲôʥܸоʲô˵ÿһŵıܣֱ׵ܸոշйϵ
Ȼʥʳ֮ȴҡҡͷ˵֪Ĳࡣ
һ˵꣬ʥߵɫ˲ѿˡ
˵ģŸյûãǾͷ飬˵һж޹صĻ˭ŷ
Ҳֻ֪˵Щʥ߿϶˵Ҹոսǵʱ򣬼ʦдѶҳ⣬ȻȥҽȥĪıӡˣ˲ûмʦҲһ档
˵仰ʥ˵Ҳס
ǣһ룬׵ȷʵҲʲôԾɲţҲ벻ףб浽顣

ʥ̾һȻ˵ô칬أ
زʥʳ칬顣
Ѿ칬һԱˣȻǵһҵʱûм룬ǵҼʱҾ֪칬һȷѡ񡣡ûзԼ칬ˣԼ칬ĵλˡ
ȻҾ֪칬Ź㣬ֻ칬̫أϣСġʥô˵Ȼָ̫嶯֪˵ʲôˡ
˵֮һײʶʥվ˳ҶʵףеǸǡ
ǣʥߵ⻹ûʳһϵĻ
塢塢壬˾Ůڴ칬֮һ仰ǡ˵֮˾֮ĻȻ׽ģֻ˵ʱǡô
ҿеǸˣҲ칬ľŮӵųԽʥ߼ĿֲץסᣬɹʥǵעתƵ֮ϡ
Խʥߵ
˵λ
һ˵꣬ʥߺһʥ߾̲סʳ
ղȻûֱ˵֮λ仰е˼Ծ
ǸŮλĴڣ֮Լ칬ҲΪչڴǾһϢֻҪϸȥĻͻӴĸ߲֪װӡ֤ķƵ˴
ȷžŮλ֣ʥߵҪȥʵĻõĴҲ
Ҹܵһƿֲѹ֮ѹŮλ
˼飬û뵽ϻλڡ
ʥ׵ĻҲԼжϣȻʱУûȥۿŮɸܵһɿֲϢ
֮ҾŮٴʽ칬һ֮ڽʱһ罫һµʱһǲʱʱλ֮Ŵ󿪣ѡ칬ʥߣĽλԿס֮û˵ۺ𾪣ԹԵİ˵Ļ˵˳
˵ֱ֮ʧ֮С
ʧ֮󣬲ʥ߶вͣѰ֮ӰֻĲ̫ԲôҶҲ֮˿
㣬˺һ֮˲ŷѰҡ
ǲû뿪Ϊܵظûʧô˵ܵظĳֿǧѷһ£첻ǵʥߣͨˣ϶Ҫܵظγɺ뿪

ʥʮߡ
֮Ժÿһ𾪵Ĳˡ
ʧˣôʧˣ·ûдڹһ㣡һʥ߾þҲ֮ӰɫԵ÷ǳѿ
칬ʲô֯ôλĴڣһܵظǿ֪ʶ
칬ĿĵʲôŮΪ˵һҪʱ
λ֮ż򿪣Ҳ˵칬ӵʥ߽λȻǿֱͳһ粻͵𣿡
⣬ʵǲ⡣
飡ʼһй칬鱨ޱҪŪĶ֪ǵϡ
֮һԼǾ䡮ʱԡ֮ʥͻȻоѾòʶһˣеҪ֪칬Ϣ
ϢͻƵ㣬ȻЩ֪칬Աˡ
ȻҲɵ˰ȥ칬ԱΪԼԼ㿽Ҳûã㿽ʥҲôȥϾŮλѾסǡ
ȻŮҲ֮ûȺǰǿᣬǲ֪һ㣬֮ҲûλĴڣʥʮûоԵİǰ϶ȥ˺칬ĳԱ
һ칬λɱһСľҪʧʥߡ
ȺʥߵУǸ칬ľŮҪǱȫλɱĸʥûʲôġ
ΪһЩͨ칬Աȥðգʵֵ̫ˡ
УʥʮΪŮûһĹУԿսʤ壬ҲĶ֡
ȲǸ칬飬Ҫܵظ¼á
ܵظѾ½ͷˣҵĵӶ˽ȥ
ʥʮ˵ʱܵظֻвˣͬʱӵѪˣЩԶףԼѪѾ뵽ܵظװ
һʥз֣Ҳз֣ǵһʱ뵽ˡۡ뵽硷֮еһ
һǲ֪Ǿǡ硷ǲֻǿˡۡܵظ鼮ˣǱʲô
ͬʱһʥѰҡ硷ֱٻʥͶӰϧı䶯ֻǡۡʧˣذʥ˵ڶλãµ鼮ƣǸ
һЩʥߵԺжʱ͸ֳ֡
飡

ڵķС
ܵظ֮׵Ҳ׷뿪ӣۿĵʱ̡
Ҳ׵ġݡΣʱȥˣʥ벻ĸý͡
Ϊһ㣬аϲ뵽Һûаѡ硷ϣ֮ұȻ֪ʲô󡣡
٣鼮Ҳ϶ֲĵطڱ֮ʱûѡá硷һ
ѡǳǣʦİѡ硷˻ʥߵ˾ԻһʱӦⱾ硷ûɢҲо
ôϢϢг˹ϡϸϢ
ʥڵ󴩹һɲǣܵܵظϢ


160 
ܵظȻߵ磬ĴΪиõĹޣԼʥΪжڣܵظϢȻҲҲŹƽϢ
ЩϢڸ֮£һϢ
ܵظתϢҲһ
Ϣ۵ȫͬҲ֪ͬ˵˸ܵܵظϢ󣬳𾪡⡢ɻ֮⣬һ¶ϲõϢ
ΪֻҪܵظĴڣǾͲõԼҪܵƽĴ
칬ܵظ͸⣬ȻҲ֪칬ҪʲôʹܵظĳһĲʥͨܵظϢ֪Ĵж
һ㣬ʥ칬һϿɡ
Ͽɲ칬Ͼ־ԸǽԼػĺԺ칬ûı۵ĻǾԲ칬ġ
Ժ󲻵칬ôĴڣǩ֣Ҳ޷й¶Щʲô֮Ϊ칬Ĵڶž޴ĺôοֻҪ칬ڣôʥסҲҽࡣ
Ϊ칬֮ȻҪΪ칬˵ûˣ˵ķǳţ·칬ǰǿ֮ɡ
һԵСа׵Ļ֮˫۶˸˷ܵ飬СаҲ칬һԱ칬ᣬ֪칬кܶۡ
Ȼ֪Щ۵ʵΣȻĳƺţôԲ
Ҫǣ֮һλСа칬ǿˣǿλ
֪ˣֻҪ㲻ĺԺ飬칬ҲûйϵȻȥ칬أԸĺԺĻҲԽܡ
ʥʵĵľױ칬˴ߣ˵ֳһУѾƵʷŵˣ԰ʥߵ뷨칬ˣôһ״Ȼ
׳ɳѸ٣Ҫǿ׶칬йС
ǣ׵Ĳһ
һĺԺѧϰ칬ҵֻżһЩ飬ԼṩһЩ鼮ѡһ˵ţһ߽鼮˳
ʥڿһ֮жʱһ˿ͬʱҲ˵Ȿ֣ʥ飬Ͷ򴫡
ʥĴڣǺѳģĵʥȴˡ
ҪǣóġͶ򴫡һʮ
ʥߴ²µ׵˼΢ƽһ飬ʵΪʲô
ǾŮֳתԺģ˵칬֮ҪлῴⱾͶ򴫡ÿһԺõ˵
ʵ⡶Ͷ򴫡֮޹أֻĽڶѡ
ԭˣ칬ڵҲ˽⣬֪Ժʥص鼮ֻҪⱾͶ򴫡ټԺĽѧʽôܿԺͿԺʥؿˡʥ˵󣬾ʹ׵нӹʣµûҪ
׼ʥ߲Ҫʣµ鼮֪һԼԽԺʥߣΪԺǷ׵顣
Щ׵ǲ⣬ʥߵ˼ΪЩֳԺȷʵĿĵġ
Ϊ˷ֹʥ߻ɣ׻ɻһ䣺Ժ칬ѵǵҪѧϰⱾ𣿡
Ǻǣ
һʣʥ߶ʱЦһ
㾭黹̫ˣʵ칬ҪԺѧϰⱾ飬ʵԺƺʥذˡʥֻ˵Ϊʱһʥߡ
칬ְ֮ѡͶ򴫡Ժ޷ǾҪԺǣʥضѣʥز칬ĵϸһոսʥߣʥߵĻ˵ȥ
ʵϣ˵ˣ׾Ǳ뷨
ʱ˽⣬ѾԺʥغǲֻͣҪԺõͶ򴫡İôǾͿԵõʥؿʱԺһЩܶ顣
һĻʥصעͻᱻɢ
Ҫһ㣬ǾһԺϿ칬Ĵڣôǻʥصĵ飬һ칬͸ӵİȫˡ
˵ʥصʥ߷ⱾĲ󣬾ȫ˹
ף칬ĴڶźܴвϣܹվĴǣȻʣµġͶ򴫡ֳʥرܡ
ףѡͶ򴫡͵ڲ뵽˷¼֮Уӵ۵㡣
ףʥز㣬ʥʥضûлգЩֳǱҪߡ
ףûѡ񣡡
ʥʮһͱ׽Ͷ򴫡ֳֻһЦʲôû˵Ȼʣµİ˱ֳ뵽˹ʱ֮С
ʱΧ뵽һɹļžС
֮ʮеһλʥ߲ص˵ף֪ʲô
ҵȻֿ֪֪ʲôʥߵıȣ˿ûֱֱ򿪿

ʥ׵Ļ֮ʱһǿơ
ˣ
ʱ׵ǰҲʱһϣ֮г˽⡣
ʥԯ
ʥߵıȣֱʹʥ顶Զʮҽԯٻ˳
ҵʥڳ֮󣬻ûиʥսҪΪʥĵһˣظ»ǧšýָɢʥߡ
׵ԸԣԭϲǿƵĶԿѾϵ칬Աˣ칬ڻֳλĴڣûвյĵ
ָʥߣ칬㲻ٵţ
ʥߵȻҲẦףе˼칬
˭ڶ֪һ칬Ҳ⣬ʥ칬϶ȫף׵һλȻô
ǣʥصϾԲܹɥʧ
ӰȥǸСѾͷ£ȻײԸ⽻Ͷ򴫡ԭôǾͰͽܴߣϣͽܱʥֳҪ
ʥ߶˵һ仰ֻವһžһӰ֮д˳
ٶȷǳ֮죬һΧһȭȻɵĽСаץ˹ȥ
ڳ˴ʥߣֵǲְֻܹܹۿСаץߡ
ףʵ̫ˣûзӳСаѾ˶档
һ̣Ķŭˡ


161 ˭в˭
һľǱвԼץסԼвԼǸ޷ܡ
Ȼвң
侲Ŀʥߣһз˼λɱʥߣԼشʥء
Ǹʥ߼ûֻر侲侲Ŀ£ͻȻĪĸеһ£·ʲôõ鼴һ㡣
ǶȻ׸ϲǰơʥеԤг棬ʥʮһ
һ˵꣬ʥߺܿ͵ͷȻʱа˸Ӱ˳
ȻоŸ𣡡
ʮٻŸ׵ıͱøӿˡ
ףʥʮƽնһ棬֮ǻһִѧʿȻִѧʿڶʥصʮ֮Сʥ̾һȻס
ԭʥʮҲ֪ʥЭԵʣЩʱкܶ鶼޷ȥǾû˶һһִѧʿ
ʵҲʥǿԭΪʥ߼Ժʥصʥ߿⣬ʥص𡢺ִѧʿȴռ֮һ
ԣߴ۹Ժ֣ȻڵľƶԣûǸܹʥء
ǣǲܵģϲڶ壬ϵҡµֻͥҪڵĵطڶ
׶ûпǷߴ۹ѡԺչѡͶ򴫡ֳԺ
šͶ򴫡İôԺһʱ䣬ٿǣʥء
߹ͲܣΪ߹ڶѾһ˵
Уʥʮδ֮УһȪˮˣǸû˳ǰֻоŸ
ˣҲɺ޷֮ΪǿǾŸ
ףٸһλᣬڽͶ򴫡ٳҰġԶʮҲֳһǣǾͷžŸƺǸʥ˵ĵʱ˲١
ӦѾֿˣõϢĿǰ칬ûг棬ʵµľ칬顣
벻ʥصȻ
׼һЦɢȥϵԯʥˡԶʮ
ʥʥʶΪǷˡ
ܺãš
ģֻҪ鼮ǣǾԲ˺Сһһʥػһ
õѡסѡ񡣡
ʥصʥҲΪ׷ˣǶʼŵ׺Саֺô
ֻʥ߸еﲻԾǽ׼εˣ׵Ը񣬻˵ʼնû˵ЭĻԾԲǷ
ʵʥشĵһԵʥصʱӦҲͬ˼׼ĿʥصʥߣȻпʼ֮
׻е˼ˣǾǼȻһѹңôҲҵ
׵Ȼ칬Ȼ칬Ŀǰûһ֣׻֮
ʵ֮Ҳ޷ʥ߿⣬Ŀǰдġ硷ûг׽
Ȼ硷Ѿû˵صףһʱ䣬״㳶ʱ䣬ٸ칬һ˿ϣʥҲСӡ
Ҳ붯Ȼʶһ£Ҿͳȫɣ
׶ʥ߸пһк֮
֮Ҫʹá硷԰ѡ硷ݸ𡣡֪֮ڵ״̬ҲãԴһʡ
ʱԣ
֮ȻΣʵû뿪һֱڰп·һС
Ϊ֮Ҳ֤ܵظתΪһʱ̣ǧ겻֮ڵǸʱڣ϶ûз𺳵顣
ܵظĳ֣ʷϵҪѾԽĻƻ衣
лˣ
׶֮илһ䣬Ǿ¶һ˿ЦݣűǾŸ˵ҲһλᣬڷСаұ㲻׷ǵΪĻ±Ǿˡ
仰Ƕʥʮ˵ģΪʥʮ޷֣Ҳʥʮ֣вĻ˵ЩͿˡ
ɣָܵظ𣿡
ܵظڳ֮ʱжһתǹƽģͲҪΣˡ
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ЩȻʥʮ£ҲԼļ⣬ֻǲǵô룬ǶʥʮԼ޷ġ
УǲӵֶΣղѾתΪ񣬵ǲ֪Ǹ˾ס
Щ˶ΪǸתΪˣص칬֮ԼӵλľŮ
ǲҵĻȻˣͱˡ
׵ͺһ̧ͷ˵ΰ칬֮ܵظҡ
װҪװףΪΪԼԻֱӶ칬֮
߸һ꣬Χʥ߶ʱɢǿĸ֪ͼѰص칬֮
ãûзκε˿ǾתͷףҪǲơ
ۺܴȷ𣡡
˲׵ʱͻȻи˹
˵֮Ȼ֮ˣıȥһȵӡ
ƣλ𣡡
Ҳ·ڶ壬ҾȻҲ˭˵
ص칬֮дܵظ鼮ǿڡ
𾴵칬֮ʥصߣҴʥغȫҪ̸һ飬һ
֮ʥʮ·𶼱ȭͷݺݴһ㡣
ǻǵһҶԷԼ˵ȴҲԷԷǳֵĻԼɱ˶֪
һ㣬ʥʮĴ˵ǳ֮ʶľΪ칬֮ҪǿһΡ
֪ۣʥ鷳Ҫܵظûȥʥʮ˵ʲôαװ˵仰
Ը
һ䣬նʱһâռ֮Ŵ󿪣űһɢͨĹ鼮ͳ׵ǰ
鼮ֵ֮ʱʥһõӰֻӰһǸûпò߰Ƕȷ
Ĵڣʥжһ
дܵظ鼮ԭС硷
磿Ҳ˵ܵظֻһ磬ʲô
ʥˡ硷֮оôһʣϧûܹشǵ⣬ȻҲ˵


162 ظ֮
ʥʮ׸ղ˵ĻУ֪Ȿһܵظ鼮ǻжϳֻܵظⱾĽ֣Ͼܵظһ磬ȴǡ硷
磬˼ͿΪ硣
칬һ磬Ǻεȵĺš
ȵȣⱾ̫ˣⲻֳеơ
ϵʥڲֳӡԲһ㡱
ԭȻԭ
ʥʮΪƿմݹ鼮ֳֻӡѣϾ鼮ԿԽǳΪ˵֮е飬ǳĹأرĹء
οǰվŵģԸʥߣΧסʥߣǡ칬֮Ȿԭݹʵ̫ʥˡ
٣Щôġ
ɶĿŵİԭ͹жš
칬Ӧȷʵţλļǿڣ˭ҳⱾĻ³Ҷ֪
벻ʥҲбСӵһ졣
⻰ԣСӵĲѣ塣
ʥʮ֪Χסʥߣʥָ߳鼮ȻҲÿһʥλλĲൽ׶
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û취λĴʵ̫ˣûоԵİ֮ǰ˭ȥսλϡ
׿ʥе̰ͲʣаЦѡ
ֱ֮֮ӵİѡ硷ǲͬʱҲݺݵһǵ顣
ʱʥ߾ս֮Ҳ޷ɱһʥߣֻпϵܹʥǲҶ֡
֮ǰ׾Ѿ˼ʥս칬ûʥԸȥ׻ˣΪǶ֪
ԵģԺҲԸָĴɱһЩµĴɱҲᱻ֣ǸߵˣͬΪõĶ
СаСаʶ׵ʱûжãھͱʥصЮˡ
ʥע֮£ߵˡ硷ǰȻϻ򿪡
ֱ֮ҵһ仰Ұ˳
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һ˵꣬Χʱһ磬һ̫ͼֱӳĽ¡
̫ͼһʱ󣬵ҲǼӵʱ䣬㽫Χ˶
ۡ
һ䣬仰׶ʱ̫ͼʱ״̬γһصĿռ䡣
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Ѫȥֹף
ʥʮΧı仯󣬾֪תռ䣬Ǳų˾Ÿеһλȥֹ׶顣
Ǹյ󣬲ûеһʱ乥ףһ¡
ⲻ׵⡣
ڵ̫ˣʥߡʥߡʥС˵ϵʼˡδЩ⻷ҫ֮£ʥص𶼲Զ׶֡
Ϊһ׳֣ǿҪеųɾʱ˵һˣһʥҲᱻĺô
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һʥ߼Ѫ𲻳֣͸æһ䡣
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һʥصʥѪᣬԲһ䡣
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ʲôϢ˭Ҷߵ
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׷ĹһͬԸǾŸ˵ģ˵ʵȻ˼ľڡ硷ӳ£ֻҪԸĻĿ԰Ÿܵظ֮С
һƭǣǾȻܹǴܵظȴûа취ǵתΪסŸѾˡ
ŸֻͨľŸߣ׳ûгתΪ磬ܹǵתĻǾûаˡ
ȻŸ𲢲֪һ㣬ԵǸܵܵظٻ󣬵һʱ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ЩƭˣʥصʥҲƭˡ
ףʲôѲ㻹ܵظ
ףϿǣΪǧˡ
ףֻҪǣǵͿ
ʥʮˣҪ֪ΪЩǲ֪˶ǾŸҪǸսĻʥʮǿԽܵġ
ǾŸ֮УôʥʮҲԭԼ
ҸʥһֻҪǷСаǩ෸ԼҾͷǾŸȻһֱӴתΪ
Ŀʮͬʱеġ硷߾
ˣ
硷˲䣬ŸΧĿռͲǵξͿʼԽԽһȥǾͻ׹뵽ܵظ֮С
˵𣿡׼ʥʮĬͼ˵Ҹӵʱ䣬ӦĻҾͻֱӰǴܵظ
ȹ׾Ϳʼʱ

ͣǴӦҪ󣬲ҲӦǲܹ಻顣һʥ̲סĿͬˣҲһҪ
ߣҲǩκԼΪҲǡֱӾܾǸʥߵĻ
֪಻ܶ࣬Ҳ޷֤Լ᲻зһŲͬ⡣
ףȻһԼҡ
ȻʥزǾŸôǳΪɣ
״ʥʥߵ˵̣Ȼͼ߶硷


163 ʥЭ
һᶼʥأΪʥصһֱǺܺãԼ׾ܾǩԼԺߵʥҲûйķӳ
ʥǱ߼þŸȥתʱ򣬱æСаشߡ
ǴӦ㣡
ֹͣڵĶȻ⽫˭ûкô
ף̫ˣ̫ˣ
ʥʮСаͻȥ֮ϽǷŭͲʵ飬ôҲ벻׻Ļвǣӵвܵظ
ӦĻǩ֣
Ҳʥص˵ʲôȻѾֽˣôûбҪںԷ뷨
ףʷһвʥصˣһʥʥǩʱ˵׸ղʲô
ָҲȻǵһԲһ
ʥڵ磬Ժ󷴶ʥص˻ԽԽ࣬ȻǵһվȻֿģԲһ
οʥѾһˣĿǰĵһѾ칬ˣʥضҲǰǿ
ǶЩѾ칬ˣڵ֪Լӵλĸ֣Բڱʥشѹ
ߣϣ㲻Ҫڣ
ʥʮزҲûʲô˵ģΪ˲þŸ𱻴ظҲֻܹǩ֡
ңʹõֽţǴ֮õ켶ֽֽдµԼʥҲ
д֮Ҳջܵظɢȥסǵ̫ͼ
СаҲʱ»ص׵壬ȻԼǩˣʥȻΪСаˡ
ʦ𣬶Բ𣡡СаһͶ׵˾Ǹ
ãⲻĴֻʥصֶ̫˶ѡСаͷúԼ󣬵סЩʥ߶ɢơ
ЩʥϳôĿȻ׺СаеԹޡ
ô˵ҲȨˣ׸СаȻһӶǣôܲ
ûа취׵ϷôֻСаˣôһЩϢҲ޷Ӱ쵽Саˡ
ʥʮ𿴵֪Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
Լ㣬㲻ҪΪ칬ͿΪ
һʥط飬ʥػᱳҲȥ㡣
ĻҲϣȷѡ񡣡
ʥʮ˵˼䣬ȻžŸ뿪
ǾŸû˵ʲôղǿĸܵвҲһͱת
ˣ뿪֮󶼰ԾԼԺǧҪΪУҪ칬ΪС
˵ʵЩڳΪʥصػʱѾľǿǹķʽϣұתΪĻһǾ޷ܵġ
˵Щ޷ܣƻκһ޷ܡ
뿪֮ʥߵǰ˵ղûгְ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ʥҲΣıףʥصʥûж֣ҲͲܳ֡
ֻ֪벻ʥҲ飬ҺѾ칬ҵѡȻûд׶ʥ߰˰֣ʾûں顣
䣡䣡
˵ͬʱͻȻƾ졣
ÿһط˹Ǻ֮ÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ʧ֮ϵͨꡢԹڵһʱ䱻뵽ܵظ֮С
һЩرǿĹȻûбȥҲӡǣպȻеظȥǡ
Ҳ˵ʱ˿̣ܵظѾ׳Ϊһ硣
һ̣ϵǱ硷Ҳʱһǿĺâ
âһ˲䶼˺ڰ֮С
뵽ڲָûκιĺڰ֮УǴʱ̧ͷĻͻ֮ᷢжһһͬڤʯ
ûãڰҲͳʧˣӽԺÿҹ֮ʱ֮϶һڤɫȻǡ硷
ףʲôʥ߸ܵı仯󣬵һʱһ䡣
硷Ϊ飬鼮һﵽľ磬Ϳ뵽֮УΪһ֣Ǹǡ硷ΪˣȻ֪һ㣬Ҳ˵˳
ЩʥߵĴ̶ȶԣײ˵ò˶ҲͲµ
ʥͷȻʵ칬֮𣿡
ǾŮҵġһְ֮
ԺΪڤ°ɣڤ²ǡ硷ͬʱͨܵظͨʥҪܵظôֻдڤǿн롣˵һҪ鱨
鱨ͨûãǶһЩˣԼǿ˶ԣڤºпܾĳϣ
֪ˣ
ʥߴӦһ䣬ͬʱа̾һ˵ˣԽԽİˣҲ֪жʥټʱб̭
ԺҲ֪ŮеʱָʲôҼ칬õЩϢʱӦøйء΢ԥһ£ͰһЩϢ͸¶˳
꣬˵˾ʱ
ꡢɾλҲʱ
벻ʱʲôϵȻ칬һԺʱᵽôҪľ㾡ֻſµʱбԼʥ벻ʱ֪ڵĴΣա
û칬ʱ׾Ѿסʥ߻ˣֵõ칬֧֣סԻþһзȡɱס
У칬ֳλĴڣҲܺ޶ͻῪ֮ս
ףҵѾˣʦܰҲ칬֮ŵܵظ֮УǷһͬĺԺʥ߸׶ݵĽ֮󣬾Ϳʼѯ׽Ĵ㡣
鵽زҵҲǸһˡ
ţһԺصĺԺ֮ǰȰѾŮҵɡ
˵꣬ͰʣµġͶ򴫡ֳ˳
ֳһ֣ʱа˸ʥ˵ΧЩʥ߶ĴԺĸԺ
ղʥصֵôȻѾ֪һС
ףսԺ칬ʾл
ԺҲ칬ʾл

ĴԺĸԺùֳ󣬶칬׵һл
ʥĵʥ飬ܹԺ鼮ʥڵһЩͨǻԺĲúô
磬ⱾĽƣȻ޷ѽõ£ʥʹõĻ˵һҲܷɳǧ
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Ǳߣ׸ܵͨâ۵ԯϵʱ֪ԼӮˡ
ҵһԯʱҾ֪ԯͨҲǳľЩѾ㹻ˡ״ʹóͨڸоѾﵽԼƵʱǰҲ34ӵʱѡ
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ȡ˾֧ߣôᱩߣʱ˵ĲףиߣԼȡ˶ܵ˺
Ȼڽ˵ôֶΣԯϻ˵֮жʱһ˿⡣
Ϊڵĳ˵һڵֶΣһֱĻܹĳһսʱֳǿļֵ
ϧǣΪܵʥ֮Ӱ죬ȴòͷųͨ
ңͨķΧ֮ѾǲˣĺԺ֪
ףǰ¶ֶȷʵʧˣ˾սʹ죬ҵҪҵĸǿһ漴ֳָһ鼮
ʱһɢ쳣Ϣĳ֣Χһѩ
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ɶ񣬾Ȼ˿ңа˵һ䣬͸æ߶ϵ顣
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ףҵļѩ涳򣬼Ľȥҵǳʧܵ㣡
׵ĽŲΪۿԯĽϣֻҪһ㣬ôоԼͲᶪ˶̫ࡣ
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ԽĽҲη壬Ǵһ⣡
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ԯĽҲкǿĹ˵ҪһֵôѩǽҪһְ룬һĻʱͱ÷ǳѩĲ֮Ҳࡣ
ҪѴ󲿷ֵأǱߵĺܿԽԽ٣ֱʮӣǾͶѾյͷֵԯĽ
꣡꣡
ϧԯĽ̫ǿˣֻɣҲڻķ

ƿһȻֱӰǱдѩ鼮˽ǰ
飡
鼮Ȼ飬ϾǴģ˽һֱӽˡ
ڲ̺żǿģԵ鼮򱬵˲䣬ʱһǿĺ籩ĲԶ
ɺ籩ɹĻԯĽҲ޲𹥻˵籩ɢȥ֮׾ͷѾĿȫǣһѪˡ
һ߽׵飬Դ˱סԼ⵹һѡ񡣡ȻûлͷʲôԸ֪
ղţּѩ޷ֵʶľѡȡԼһ׼ȷ˵Ӧǰ
ȻôȻȥڲһϾ˵״̬ʱͱָˣ֮ǰ˵ֻҪʹա
ѩ֮ʴҪڲĻҪˡôȥԼסû꣬Ͷ˵һ䡣
ͨǿĸ֪֪Χкܶڹսһ˿϶ʶˣˣ֪Ѿŭף׹ûҳ
ȻڿˣҲͲٶ˵æ׷ȥˡ
ߺҲ˸׼լԺС
լԺܲȻֻǴԺڵһСԺҲʮݣĺԺ䱸ȫˣŮˡӵȵȡ
֮ۡȫ൱һСͼĸۡȻˡ
ôһȺİˣипȻԺİҲûа취ܡ
ɣҪľȡһ֮ڰһµľ磬Ȼд硷֮е˽磬ⶨɵĶ壬׿ʱ
뵽󣬾ٻˡƵȻ뵽״̬
֮ǰǽ֮˵һ󽫻ῪһµʱʱָȻʱˡ
ʱס硷˼ۣ塢塢ľͨͿ硢УΪƿԼ˵ɡ
׵Ĺ˼֪øһΪôҪǿľУȻ黹ûдԼˣ̫ߡ

ʱķڵѧԺʱȴԼͬԺӵĲԶ
ǿʥߣ˸ղŵĽս֮ս׾㲻ʥ֮Ҳܹɱһۡ
˵սͷβȻ֪֮ԱȳһΪ͵ϮһǲǳٵԵʡ
ʥߣոնûʹʤˣ˿ǴѧʿҲܹ֮һսĺԺһλҪˡ
һҲˣ˱Ǹݡ


169 
׵Ļعһرƽҹرƽ
ǵʹó֮ȡʱЩӵܺܿͰϢݵǵļ֮С
ȡ֮һǳǿͨȻ֪ղ׸սʹ˶Щлսȴǳ
Ǹ״ͬһԺĿ״ʼվʹһʥ֮ѡ
ʥ֮ȻԵֵǧ֮׶ԿǸҲһʥ֮ʹĽǧͬʱһ飬󲻽û˵װ֣Լһ˵³
Ĳ࣬Ѿҿֲˡ
֪ڿʥˣһʥ֮ҪȫԸսô׵ں̵ܶʱھͱɱ
ȻŸոѧʵĺԺ֮УѾǶˡ
Ҳȷʵǿһһξ롣ĺԺĵһһĻ֮΢˼Ƭ̺󣬾͸𰸡
ŶҪ֪ʹóôֶΣҲв׵һʥ֮ѣҲһ㡣ЦһȻʳ⡣
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һĻֱָҪ˵ûʹóˡ֮󣬲ܽ˶ٵٶҪųɵľʱܹսҲͨżѡ
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һǰᣬǾǲҪлд顣
˺һһſűϵ˵־ĺԺڶλҪˣ㱾ͲóսľĽÿ㡣
˵Ҷ֪ʵʲôĶ˵νж־ĺԺڶηЦһż˵ΪµսȷʵӮ㣬ǲһе֮ս
ĻҲҪ
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ԺĻ󣬶æͷһܹԺ֮УȻʶͶ־
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㣬׵ԺǰȻڽַǷױȴһϡ

ڶ죬峿
̫ʱ򻺻˫ۣȻߵȥ̫ʱ˲ֵĻ
׵̫ͼڵõ֮ԾһǴһ̫ϢĻ޷ڸ̫ʹˡ
׵һʹʱһͨĻͲһ
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˵ֻʮ꣬벻ȴԺ£ԾһҹҲҪһ档
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Ҫ֪ڵңǴԪ۹ĻҡȻǻҵĵϵѪҲ׹ɽĺһǸߴǧ࣬벻ֻвװ´ˡ
˵һս»ʥ֮ɲס
ٶ԰ǧ׹Ȼʥߡ
ŸһһȺԼǾ׵ķΧȻԶȴܹõ
ʥߣЩһֱȵڵġЩʱһɰŮ׵ǰ
׿һŮбһ˿
ŮȻĺԺŹ׵ģ˵ӦһͯŶԣ׿ԺĸܵŮǧΪΧ֮رŨ
ӦóΪŮġ
˿ֺѧʿԺԺ˵ЩʲôŪǻΪԼǸŮɫϾڵһνʱѾˡ


167 ޷͵
ŮſһʱҲ뵽ЩʲôȻܹŵôضҲԿԵˣ˵ơ
˵ƣҲ˵ƣⲢ˵ϲŮӣ֪һԼŮ֧ôеڶĺԺ
ĺԺҲҡָˡ
Щײ˽ҡˣĺԺ˸ߣٲ̫ġ
뵽׾Ͱ̾һŮʵʲô֣
ϣŮܴ󷽵˵Լ֣ŸգҲǹΡ
ϻǵһ˵ڵϵʱпĸգʶ֮ȴûһ
һǵһĸգҵӡϺܹϣܹ׷ݵԶʱڡ˵ʱ㰵пʼ۲칫ϵı顣
׵һ仰е̽ԵģΪȷʵ̫ˣɵ׻֮һЩԶʱ顣
йƻ飬׿ɲһαĸ֮
֮ǲ˵Щģһʵڱ׷òʱ͸׽һԶʱڵϵʱչεˣ֮еĹ壬һһĹ塣
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ΪСаĳ֣һЩԵİ׸ˡ
СаΪߵԵʣȻǷǳģϵ˰ȴӰ˵󣬻Ҳǰ˸Щһӡ󲢲Ǻܺá
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Щ׵΢СаǵҲ΢ײżʱСаĻҪЩ˵ˡ
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ţߣҪϹ˵׶ͽҲܲûйСа˵˵ĻǶһЦúվԼߡ


170 
һſڵϳ
ЩȻǵһμױˣȴĻ֪֮׵Ӱ
ڣΪ׵ĺճһЩͨͿʼˡ
Щ񶼲ףû׵κϢԾպгһˣôҲܳΪٻ׵ý顣
ˣֻûбѹ
ο߹˵Ҫÿһ˶ܹʶҲôһپͱе׵顣
кܶ¶ǳɺϣһһԼҵĳӵܣΪʶ׶ף׶ҶԹ޵Ļôʵ̫òʧˡ
ļȻСϸҲǲܡ
ˣ˭ҲûдѹЩ׵ͨʦοЩʦҲڵõһĹ
ΪʦǳϡٵԵʣ׵Ļϻһžȥһš
ʥߣף
ǸŮЦˣȻ׵ͽܣ
׶Са̬֮󣬾֪Саԭ׵ͽܣΪ׵ĿҪСаתΪû뵽׵ʵ㡣
ȻǶ֪ԣҲ벻һ㣬ϾƵûռһռĻܹµһ㡣
˼飬ʥߡʥ߾ȻһͽܣѲ֮ļ߱һɣ
пܰ
ˣ״ʲôĿͽⶼ飬Ȩ棬ǴеĿġ
һ֮һѻӡ졣
ˣύ׵ģǧҪķС
ȥϼҴīˮǵؼƷīˮϣܹסҡ
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ֻҪܹסǵ֣ôپͻǸһϵ
飬ȺܿͰΧ
̣Ȼеͷۣȴܵ뵽һˣһոʶҿõˡ
λ֪ĿģһĺԺֻΪѧϰԺѾѹСɵҵලңһǵعС㶨ϱԺңǻǺúöɡ
׺γҪЩĶȴ뱻ۣЩǺãҲд۵ģЩ۶˵ֵȥ
ʲôԺȻѹСɵߡ
ϿŮԺѧĵĴڣϻԶŵĹμѪ˵߰¶¶⡣
˵ȻǸŮӣǶ˶Ѷǳϸ񣬿ҪǼĻĻʥѿ
ʹɢȥɣֻϣл׳Ϊѡ
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Щڸпһ󣬾Ȼȫ̾һȻ뿪
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ԭֻһ˵ûȴȺ˵㣬ϱɵ߻Ϊԭ򡣡
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ĺԺǿһ㣬Żѡ񣬵ҲֻԵ֮һ
Ե֮ǹϳҲֺܲѧʿڽ׵ϢʱǶһϲõߵҲˣǲŻѡ
ײ֪һ㣬ԼĺŮɫȱ㶼Ѿ͵͵뵽ĺԺʷ֮С
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Ҫ֪һ㣬Ҳ᲻ȥֺѧʿƴ

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һʼԸģҲһǳ԰ʹӦԺҪ
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û˵Ϊ㣬֪һԼ˵Ļͻᱻá
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ҾʦĵӣҲһߣʲô𣿡СаϵĻе㲻ˡ
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ûʲôֻǾһţһȴȥ̵һͽܡϿСаĲǿ԰̬ȷŵһЩ
˿һĻĻһΪԼۻˣΪĺԺʱʾ
ʦһţպضʦĽ̵£Ϊ˾󡭡
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Саһۡû˵ֱӱһȭͷСĿ⡣
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Էɣ֮ǻҪȥԺ
֪ӽ쿪ʼҪʽϿˣֻǽºûеʧ䡣
ϸ룬ŮʱӦרĶ飬ҲԺȻԺƶȣ͵ڱĶԺء
ף֪ԺѾΪܶ飬ҲԺ˲ûеһʱȥŮ
áͶ򴫡׾Ϳ԰˵Ĵݸǡ
ڷ飬С׻ʹ÷飬Ļǣ칬Ļ϶áͶ򴫡ϢΪ沢ȫ
˵ʥˣһѧʿٳ׵ķ顣
ʹʥ֮Ϣ͵˿ӷƨʹʥֳ֮ĹϢ
ף첢ϿΣѧʽпˣ֮״̬Ϊ㻮ѧϰĵȼпֱܻӳΪԶ߼ѧ
׵Ļ֮ҲͰ֪İŸס
һ㶣ȻͻȻеεʵҪΪҶܲܲȥ


172 鷳ĳƺ
֪ҪԼĻͿ϶ҪԼμӿԣֿԳս֮⣬Ҫܶܶѧʡ
ϧǣ׶ѧʻСѧʱ԰Ļô԰С֪ѧʶ׶࣬Ϊе֪ʶǵϵġ
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ⲻܹ飬ѧʶԣͼѧ̫˷ʱˡ϶ҡҡͷûȨ˵ײԣΪһжԺŵġ
ԺȻѣǶ׻Ǻ˽⣬Ҫһ׿׵ӡ
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ĵӲãⲻܣһ㶼ס
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ǵԽ׺󣬸ȷ׸ˡ
˵㴫ģôҲһαװģĿӦþ±¶̫ûԱ֮
⼸ĿǣΪ׵ѧʶӦúܴ󣬼ʶҲΪȻôлдһʥ
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ЩԲ٣ǰûпϵʱȷʵѧ֮ԼдһЩ⣬ûж飬Կ˵˰ɡ
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ϵ˵֮ҲûҪͬʱҲԹ˵ϧлǷġ
ʦĿһﵽףôȷʵͻǷһ飬׵Ǽֵǡ
Ҳһ㶣漴׵˼лôһ˿˿ڣҲֻһ˿ˡ
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ҲҪڳƺΪʥˣĺԺһԱֱӳƺΪ׼ɡҲһ顣
ʵÿ˽ʥߡʥߡʥȳƺŵʱ׶ôһĲϰߣΪڻûӦʵЩƺȻҲܹ״ͬҲܹ״鷳
һЩĸ֮ʱЩƺŻǵЩ˲죬ֳһơ
ðɣȻԺôԺҾͳƺΪӡ΢˼һͶ׵ĳƺţӡ
ܹ֮ΪӵˣӵܲſԣȻҵˣ֮λҲûˣһӹû˲
˲Ҳ˵ˣΪ˵֮ĺɲһܹܵġ
ðɣ
ҲΪһƺŶѣֻҪʥߡʥߵĽͺá
ӣΪ£ѲǱ䵽ҵС飿ȻΪѧϰˣرϣġ
ڿ߸ŮѾ¶ֻҪ׳ΪѧôһҪԱеݡѣҵһƯС֮УȻ׼棬ȡõ׵ĺøС
ͬʱҲɵĸ̾ţ˲꣬ʥ߾ţԺԴԺĹأŮ˸ߡ
ÿһеĻ룬ҲǴһģǰȻҲ뷨ԺĹǧûܹƣԺʱûܹȴ
˵״ԺĹʱбϵпѡ


173 ս
ײ֪뷨Ȼ϶̲סƿڴ˭ܻ
ҲĿѧϰġֻҡҡͷתͷ˱ϵĹϡ
˼ԣǾùϻ͡
ϼ֪ԼʲôȴҪ˵Ȼôһ㲻ȴǶ˵ײμӶ˵ģԺ˼
ϰ˵˳˵ʱƽҪ֪һһѧĻƶΪƽ֮ˣΪϲ
ò˵ǹ˵ҵΧЩģ󣬻ԼͬĶԹһ˿Ȥ
֮ǰҲֻ˵ŮԺи䲻ŮŮʲôӵܣ˵ԺԺıӣ޷ԹЩʲôҲһӲԺ
㹫ϱҵΪԺֻҪҡҵӵܣа취ùμҳѹϽֻܻѡ
Ҫ˾ϲϵҲǲܻĿǰԣѾмӴϵҵôˡ
϶رԭҲһ֣ΪԹԼ޷ƿԼˣҪԼļ壬ֻһԺĻ˭ûа취
Ƿ⽨׼ȱ֮һһǰԵô
ȻЩ׶֪Ҳûȥ롣
ĵģǽĿ˸ôӦ
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׵ȹϽϺ󣬾ʹСа߽ľ¥֮У֪ҪԼߵĻҪ˵ϺܶûӪĻ
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Ī׿ĺԺĹ涨𣿡
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սʼ֮ʱӵսһһ߲ʹ飬ǰսͷų˾ͻֲܵ־ˣսгɵϡ˲ţ˲ߵλǳ
УԺ֮еսѧԺһ˴ӵսĵطҾ˵ֻսѧԺսʱղŻС
ԺսûԼȱս־ѹˡ
ս˵ֻսѧԺЩӵܹܲ۳벻ĺԺȻҲַ׻û˵꣬Саһ䡣
СаǸһģСģս֮УȻսҲ˽⡣
ĺԺĵȻ֪սˣսѧԺءֺѧʿҡҡͷ˵ĺԺûֶΡ
ȻĺԺûֶΣôôɵģСа̲ס׷һ䡣
ԭսѧԺѧֻΪһŮ˸ʥءֺѧʿ֪һЩڷɻ͵飬Ÿ˵ɻǱĻ
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Ȼ㲻˵ôͿʼ˰ɡֺѧʿ˵ʱɫ˲úʽ
ͬʱһӣֱǰĿյشٻ˽ǧ鼮


174 ʼ
ֺѧʿĽǧУе鼮ԭеӡҲһֳһ֣֮˵Ϊž㲻ܹȫҲӦ֪ǵ֪аױݡ
һȥ֮ȴЩ鼮ֻиļ󲿷֪Ŀ׸ûκκϸĿܡ
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һ˵֮󣬳ڵжһ㶣ȻĿɿڴĿס
⼸˹۹⿴ʱȻǷǳŤģҺʵǺˡ

ᣬ׻ֱӰԼٻ˳
ҵһжٰʮЩдʱۼģȻҲһҶģЩ鶼ͨ飬ҪҵЩһʲôᡣ
˵󲿷ֶдʱõģǳޡ
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˺һſЦ˵ðɣҿǲܡ
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Щ׵٣ɴ˿ɼ׶϶ࡣ
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ЩʱֺѧʿԼд׵Һ׵ƢҲܲҪǻƢ˵õͻ
Ͼղֺѧʿ飬νǳ׵Ĵˡ
ȿȣȻײó飬ôĻ滭հɡϵŮѧʿҲǸΪĴѧʿεգѻתƵ
ԸҪε˵滭һζûлվ͸˵ˡ
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ʱùʱ̸ıʱĹȥѧϰǰҪѧϰʱ䰡
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ڽ֮ǰ׻ܵһɾɨ壬ʱҪþֿĻͲ뵽
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ǻ磬Ҳʵ磬ΪһƬĿռ䣬ֻĺԺȱӡ˻УųΪһĿռ䡣ڽ׵ʡ
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Ҳ֪ǰӵеսʵõģд鼮ҲѹԼҲٰʮ
һȻ˵ǲƽҲԵˡ
οɻó׵սҲǱ˵׺ǿ
һʧġ
׶ŷɻһͶߵСа͹˵ϣСаҪನ˵
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ʦһʤġ
Са쳣Σ¶ԷǴѧʿСаΪԷ׵Ķ֡
׾ûˣ֪ѧʿԼǿϺܶ౶ѧʿѹƶԷҲԼʤԼ뷨
һŬģ׶СаͷͬʱսȭͷжԼ˵֪дѧʿҲʹȫ£ѹ
׵뷨Ҳ׵ִ䣬ñԼ
ʵ֮ǰɻ˵Ҫѹʱ׾ķһ뵽ԼŸոĺԺһӾͰսĴѧʿ׾ûпڡ
ɲڲ׻ı뷨ΪڣŴ׻ǳ棬Ȼ̬ȡȴ÷ɻԼʹóȫ
ʱ򣬵˫ʹóȫ󣬴ʤ


174 Ե
˵ǾҲʧʱ򣬷ɻ͵Χʱʹŭ
սս
ɱɱǣ
ΪսΪս
Щŭսɢŭǿ˭ʱ޿̶ŭ
ڷɻͲͷųʱȻЩŭ𣬵ɻͷų֮ŭ֮ʱֱ
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ճìһ־Ϳףֻìϣͻ׷
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صĿŷɻͣԼ֮ǰеСƷɻˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ׼̫̫ĴѧʿЩѧʿԺ͸󶥼ĴѧʿԸһɴѧʿҲ˹˵ļ
׽˵ɻĴѧʿ׾жˡ
Ĵѧʿһ׶ҪȫԸ
ˣҲֱ䣬ΪҪԼļͬʱҲ֤Լֻܽǻд顣
һ׾ͰѡԶʮٻ˳
ԽԽϲʹⱾսˣ͵׸ҪٻԯʱȴͻȻ뵽־γɵճìǿֻǷɻ͵һˣҪٻʥ齣ֵĻȻǷǳɣǿֶ֮һǿֶȥԿѧʿһԲС
΢һСջûֱٻԯûⱾȥսǽԼܾûʹõġ龭˳
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װʮע롶龭ڣٻһĴ
ĽԴ׵ֻѣ齣֮ļӳ֣ͷ·һųһƣҲͬа
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ͨһ㣬֪ԵҪͨǿϺܶࡣ
һԵֺѧʿڼһʼóԶʮʱоͲɵİ̾һ
ǣװ鼮֮¶һ˿ЦݣûáԶʮҲûֱʥ֮ѾһЩߡ
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׵ķӳͲͬˣڿìʧ֮Ҳľ˴֮С
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ң׽ڵʱһر״Ǿĳϵϵͷ·Ϊһ֣֧䣬ȭͳȭ黯黯ޱȡ
ױȽ𾪣֮ǰû飬ԻĲǾʹսʱԼͿԽٻ֮УȻǸȥս
еʱսʽԷӳٻǿеʱȴǳá

һͬײ֮սëܿʧ֮С
ìֻʶ۳ģĹȻõҲ޿κΣϾֻǷɻ͵һǲܹ̫ϣ
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ǻڰֵһģǴģЩڻ֮󣬾ȻգֱӴݵƬԶս֮С
ֺɻѧʿϵϸֳ˲˼ɫΪɲһĹֶΣܶʥ߶޷ʹóĹֶΡ
ǵԴһԣ벻Ȼֺѧʿһ˵


176 Ա
ܹԴһԶǾмﱾŹ
һԴ˵ԣҾǿĻܹ֮˵ǵǿԣʹԿԽչס
ٻԣһ֮ΪֶȻǿᣬѧʿ˵ɻ۹˸ĳԵǳǿ
ϾԴһĻһ仰÷ɻͲòʹóȥء
һ¾ʹƵĸղŷɻԼĻֻ൱ȥսû뵽׼ǲдҲԽ˵
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ԵĻþɲģһû㹻־ôԶڻþ֮С
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һԵֺѧʿನ˺ƴҲæСаǰİȫ
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תǰûд˵ģԴܵظ֮ôʹսǿаѶԷתΪӢĻͻܵܵظıǣΪλĴڣֻҪת˵ΪӢ飬ôһĻҲܵܵظĴ
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һɻԼʵҲ֪֪ܹôܵظĴѾ޷ı䣬ҲܷϵԼս⵽ĳͷҲԸս
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У˵׵ظĳֻкô׵ûд
ףһҪǿĹͬʱҪ㹻ķУΪЩʱԵĵ˲һķҪǿɻͶ׺һһǰֵĶ
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ЩսηҲûп־壬ҪǾֻһ취Ǿɱǡ
սıɱǣҲǶʱ޷ڳֶѣûа취׵ɱǡ
Ҫ볹ɱЩӢ飬ôҪٵɻ͵սȻֻҪЩȥӢһЩʱ䣬սͿԻָǵ־ٶȳս
ٸӢ鶼ʦģֲ˵ӵսһ˾͵ֵһֻӣΪЩӢ԰ɨƽһͬȼˡ
Ƕսӵ֪սĿǰֳԣǼֱ֮ͬ޵еĴڣԽսҲǲܡ
ֻҪڵõһЩԶӢ飬ôԽȥսҲϡ
õϵĻ˵ֱBUG
ЩӢĵȽ̫ˣȻҲáͶ򴫡ٻͬĺҪĵȫԸֵáսӢ˲䣬ҲʼٷȥӦԡ
ѻɽٻҲֵãΪôһĻɽֲ˾ͻᱻ򱬣ʱ򲻽Ҫ˷һҡ
ڶ뷨Ҳ׷ˣкܿ뵽˵
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׵ĵ뷨ǰͷųǿһֱӰЩٻӢɱһĻľҲʣࡣ


178 ռΪ
ĻһεĹ״ޱȡ
ϾղŵԹѾ׽֮һϧǷɻ͸ûʲôƽ׵Թ
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ᣬȴܹݺԶǹųڵĿ·ܵĸȾЩηɵĳ
ûסҲЩɻٻӢȫǲûбסֻ߳ٶȱ÷ǳ
Ӣ鲢ǿܣǿܵĻôܹŵǵжҲرԣΪûʶҲŮĸ
ӢͲͬˣӢǺǿִִȻԼ־ҲܵӰ죬ֻܵӰ첻ѣЩӢ黹ܵ˸Ӱ졣
ȻԹͨ벻ԶʱڻŮˡɻҲܵ˸Ӱ죬ܵľΪŮԶʱڵĴڡ
ŮĳֶҲӻһʱѣʱҲǼӣҵ뿴⼸ܹЩʲôɻףȴ׽ı֡
˵ʵԼɻ͵ֶζԣͬʱͷųĹֶΣһʹóֶΣô׵ʤʻɶˡ
ɷɻҪʹֶεĻҲ͵ôѧʿԶԿżס
οɻҲ֪׵ʲôֶԸԼ
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Ϊ׻ڰн֮顶Ƶٻ˳ͬʱʥע뵽ⱾС
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һǾֻܹķء
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գ֮䣬ĽİٶӢһնɱǵʣµһٸӢʱ齣֮˲٣γ˽ֵľ档
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ҽ칬ֻܹʹӡ׵ȻˣĳҲûǸӣΪٴȥĻ֪ǳʲô鷳ˡ
װʱ˵飬ʵҲûʲô˵飬֤ⳡս׶ǷģǸΨһĵĹҲˣǾԲ˵ȥġ
Уʵģȫʢ״̬µĻٿά״̬ʮϣǰỹսвҩˮмΪ̬컯
һʹЩƷĻʹöתƵʱ佫һСʱҲǲܡ
ϵƷҲǺܶ࣬ͬʱʥҲˣ˲򲻵ѵ£׿ɲȥЩؼʱ̾Ķ
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ԯ˵޷Զ̹ŵĻżǿײûɢȥ
Ŀǰԣԯֶ֮У幥ǿֶˣǡͶ򴫡Ƶ硷Ŀǰĵ幥޷ӳǿļ
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Ϊǹɳ̫ǿˣİ֮Ҳеܲˡ
ǴѧʿԼϢͿתΪǿĹ˳Զֵĸ̾һ䡣
һߣɻҲ˵֧ռ䣬Ȼս⻹治һһս񣬲
˵ʱ򣬷ɻ͵ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʵóҲǽս
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һΪ˶ĳò˳˶תƲݵĿռ䡣
תȻԸıռ䷨򣬵ҲƵģڵľҲǸı䷽ԲǧҵķΧ
ײŵĸನȻ૵˵⡭ʵ𣬸ղȻѹڸҴ򣡡
ǷɻĺԺ棬ܹȵʹ˲ᳬʮ֪ʱ׵ߡ
ĺԺĴѧʿҲĺԺȻԷɻͺ
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ףɻʹóʱ֤ѾˣһҪСġ׾һ䣬Ͳ˵
һ˵꣬ɻǱߵҲܿ˹
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֮ɻԵĸеˣѾ֪Լûйˡ
ȫս⣡
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ڣƾ֧ռһ㣬Ҳɻ˵ʹȫսͬʱҲͱʾⳡ˶˵ķǳ̡
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ռȻ׸˷򣬵ǿԴݳġ
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ΪһΪҫѧʿôֹĺԺҪԴףڵĴҲҪô߹ԺĹԼ˭ܹΥ
˵ˣҲ˵Ƽ˿԰ٷְٽΪѧʿһʧܵĻƼ˾ҪܵΪĴ
˵ǸٱԴıһԴ⡣
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Цһ˱֧֮Ŀռ֮С
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ƾϢĸֱ֪ǰЩı˵ĿռûӰ쵽
ԣɻ׵ǰʱ˲1롣
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ղŷɻ˵ǿҲǽսǸҪôһ׺ǿҪôһǿ
֪һиӵˡ
ףڵƬռѾ޷ңԳʱһصɲǵѡ񡣡
˼ʱ򣬷ɻ͵ִ洫˳һĻĹ
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֮׾֪ҪæÿռŲһ󲽡
һ󲽣׽Ҷ˷ɻ͵Ĵ󽣣Ƿɻ׸ճֵʱȴ̧ԼȣȻվһȥ
һߣȻΪԭ޷ߵףȴ֮߳һ
𾢽˲ǰʱ룬ֻܹתǰĿռһ
׵ķӳҲѸ٣äĿתƹǰתƻ˷ɻ͵ϡ
ϧǣɻʱȴ¶һ˿ЦݣΪΪתƿռʱֵһӵʱ䣬һӵʱ䣬׵ߡ


180 ȫս
ֹʱ˲Ϣܹ֮ʤ
׸ղΪ𾪷ɻͿԴƿռ䷨һʱеԽܣԳ⡣
ɻͼȻѾȫôȻ׷ˮˣһʱץס׵׵ǰ
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һηɻǰʱֱеĴ󽣶׵ǰȥ
ɻ׼Ĳ׵ҪԾױ̴ҲԲͻ˶ѡ
ĺԺֶκ̶ֳܶ࣬ȵĴ˺Բܳʱ䣬Ÿ֡
׻õǸҫѧʿأôֹܹڴˡ
ÿ죬ҿɲˣ
ҲԷɻ˵һ䣬仰û˵ʱ˾ʹӷɻǰʧˡ
ҪǣʧʱΧûвκεĿռ䲨
ǷɻͶֲʲôֶʧģԷɻҲǱͻǰ˼
ʧˣ׵ʧˣϢҲʧˡɻ;ĿΧҷּԼľҲӦˡ
Ҫ֪Ȼð֮ΧĿռ䣬Щռֻλôңʵϻ໥ͨģ˷ɻ͵ĸ֪ûб̫ࡣ
ƾŴѧʿǿ֪ܹӶҵס
ǣȴʧˣ׵ʧˣͬ˼һ㡣
ΪʲôⲻϳѲҲ칬ֶΣɻڹӣԼĸܲ׵Ϣ󣬾ͱܵ뵽ǸΪص֯
칬һӵλ֮˵ǿ֯һܵظ֯һһҹҴʧ֯֯а취ӵǰ㼫ǿֶΡ
ף֪ߣΪҲ֪ʱ䣬Ȼˡ
ɻʶתΪӦϢ˻Ƭռ棬Էɻдһӣ漴˱ͬҰ֮˲䱼
֮ռѣҪΧôԻᱻƵ㣬ʱͿԿ׵ˡ
ɵȷɻͲΧĿռ䶼֮ȴ׸ûг֡
һϾҲû֮ǰǰдЦˣȡ֮غࡣ
ֶΣȻƶбϢأҪΣ
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ţɢΧпռ䣬ǶѴ򿪿ռҲܵӰ죬Ƿɻ͵Ⱥ幥ֶΣ±˵ˣһĺִѧʿΡ
ϧǣȷɻͷųһ֮׵ûг֡
Ϊ״˿Ӱ֮С
ڸղΪעУɻץסṥʱ׾֪Լܷɻ͵Ĺˣʱѡ˶֮
֮ǿͲˣײôз취ӳ֮ȫһȴǳãǾǴӰĴš
Ӱһص磬Ҫ׿ƾ֮Ӱ۲磬ȴס
ǷɻΪһֱֲ׵ΣΪѾˡ
ǷɻͿԸ֪Ӱ磬ȻһԾʤ
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Ȼ֮ѾóˣôⱾҲͲòҴˣǶ֪Ҹ칬йϵ
һ˵ţһ߰ѡ硷֮ٻˡ
硷ͬƵһƽոڹʱ֮УǴ޾֮У編ֻҪкǣǾͻ˲׶ǰ
ֶҪȷڹʱУ߷ϰȫĶࡣ
ȻҲлסܵģΣյʱҲڲٻԽӳ׵ΧǿжôҪˡ
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˵˧ʵ˺ӰĿռ仹֮˵һץͿֱץƿռ䡣
ˣǱߣ
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ɻͿ׵һ֮ɫʱ֮ǰر˾ȡ
ǿϢϢԽҵ֪ǡ˵ʱ򣬷ɻͶһԼеĸо
˵Ѿй飬ۼ׶Ĳ̫ˡ
ǵֳǰʱɻоԼҪ鲻սȶ׶Ĥݡ
ûš硷ʱϵʾ͵õΪǿȻûеõ֮ӳǰǿᣬҲôѧʿеԵֵ
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ȻĺԺԺˣʮλִѧʿĺԺȨ
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ΪʮλִѧʿĺԺˣʥԺְ
ǲܹԺκε飬ʥЭ鱨ϣȻǾΥ档
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Ҳˣı仯Ǻñ仯Щǡ
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οԴһԴ߹նʥߵҲΪ칬صİնΪ弴ˡ
յȻ߹ȴΪ׵ĳһ˿仯Ǿǳ˴֮ĹңĿʼѸԵӴ֮г
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ǰĻǿĴص۹˵Ҫһͳ壬ҶһЦΪص۹Ȩˡ
ǣȴһңôڹҶпһͳ壬֪ױ칬ֺ֧Դǹ˼ˡ
ЩڸûйϵΪҪľ
ϸһ£׵ǸͽСаȻֱ硣
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״ͽҲ򵥰պףһΪɡ
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׻ǸԺֻһš
ȺĺԺĸ߲Са֮ҲͰСаص


182 ڤ֮
пռڡ
͵Саֱϵʱֺѧʿ㾪㵵ĿСа
Саôôȥһ飿ֺ֮࣬ѧʿ˵ʱе͡
ʵϾֺǴѧʿֱӵƷֻʦ߾Ȼܹ˱仯ֺܲ𾪡
ھƾϢȥӦĻᷢСаϢʵʦֱͨ߸һЩΪ̫Եʡ
ΪӽյԽ;طԽﵽһزʱ򣬻Խ뵽˵е˺һ硣
ǣԴ֮׻ûмκһ˺һߣߴﵽ˺һʱѾΪ˴˵֮еɣɡ
ҡСаһʱҲ֪λشԸðѡƵ߱ˣڱֺѧʿСаҲ֪λش
ֺѧʿͨˣСаȻӵСƵ屾ʵõ˼ĸƣ˵Ļǵһʱ䱻ǵȽ׵Ĳ࣬ѳκα仯
ˣ㲻˵ҲֻǸоеԽܶѡֺѧʿСаΪѣҡҡͷǿСа
СаֺѧʿıǣҲֳһ˿Ρ
ʱСаԼоһȣΪѾܾûгֹˣԴӳΪ׵ͽܺȴ

һߣ׻֪Լóˡ硷֮ѾĺԺϲ˼ĳ
ŷɻͣȻ׼һĽ
ɻ֪ͣ״̬·ǿǾͲֵ֪ܹܲסһ
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ڤ֮ţ
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׵ıһڤâԼ͸¶޾ϢĴţôɻ;֪оųɵĿڤ֮š
ڤ֮ţҲҶһ
׶ŷɻʹһͰԼע뵽ڤ֮С
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ټϸղŷɻΪѰͷųδΧԼһȫ湥Ѿ˼ޡ
һԵףôԷɻ͸ղűЩԣǴѧʿѾˡ
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Ҳڱĸ׻ᡣ

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ĺԺĸ߲׺ͷɻ͵ĿͬеΪ׺ǿеΪȡɣеΪײûӮ
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ΪһĻڱɻôͻȻĳ嵽ǰôˡ
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ֺǾÿϧͬʱҲĽ׵飬һԵСаʱԵúܸˣϾʤʦ
ʦȻǿλսѧʿȻԻʤôʤʦҲᱻѧʿɡ
Са˼׵⣬Ϊò˼ʱ䣬ԼܹΪѧʿͽˡ


183 ڤ֮
ܱ˵ĿΣ֮ɻȻܵķɲòڵأûзۼ
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Ϊ־ǿ̶ȣѾԶԶĳ˵֪Ǹӵһ˿ϵ֮Ҳʱעŵ׵ǰ
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֮ټ׸ɻսʱһʱһ˿ǣ˶ûκɱʱ򣬾֪ⳡսǲΣյġ
ظ־Ѿӵһ˿־ˣ־ѾظһЩܵظպӦûи־ߣһҵļƻּһѡ
֮ͨһֱܹܵͨ˸ֲ˵־־־
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ʵϣܵظû־Ļ׷ӵĸˡ
Ϊû־ĸ棬׾Ϳá硷ܵظмǿĸ棬ܵظܶΪĵظ֮
־ļӳ֣ɱܵظȻſƾš硷ƿܵظȻĻûκλᡣ
һ֮š硷ڤ֮ţҲΪ־ûг׸ܵظںϵԵʡ
ںҪҵģܵظĴڣԼ־ǰΰ֮ڡʮ֮ڶںϡ
һ־ܵظںϣʱ򼴱ӵС硷ԭҲ׵ľʹڤ֮ˡ
ȿȣ
ڤ֮Ŵһ˿϶˲䣬ͻȻоһͷʹͬʱаҵľҲ̫ˣȺʹʥ֮ټһε֮һս֮ҪϢһʱˡ
׵Ѿ۵زʱľѾǰǱ˯һͿԻָˡ
ףѾ˿ڽʿǵľԣǱƴ֮ĻôǽʿҲס
Ƕļ壬׵ľҲǽʿ𣬾ѧʿһ֮ң
ǿȵľһȫľĻôҪġĲֲܹͣ
ȡģʽֻ˯ΪȻĻָôһҲָܹ
ˣ߽׵ٻԼľһľǶսǿĶ֣ҲһԼľȫľ
ڷɻĴѧʿƾս֮󣬾ǵõĺԺԴôûʮҲԻָˣϾĴ۲ֻǾкܶӢ顣
ڲǸпʱڤ֮ŵĴ̫ˣұҪٴ򿪡
תһڤ֮ţȻٴζһƴȥ

׵İһڤֱ֮Ӵ˽һ룬ҵڤ֮ſزʱһ˳
ֵ˲䣬ײԶķɻ;͸æƴһԾ㿪ķΧ
ϢһеĻôضܵ˺˺ϵ˺ϵ˺пܼ١
ʵҲ֪һ㣬ûд繥ɻͣɻȴò㣬Ϊ֤ⲻ㿪
ղŷɻͲĻʵϾͿһεĿǷɻˡ
㻹ֻȿȣ
ױɻ˵Щ˵Ļ˵һֿ
һεĿԷǳңײòס͡
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ͬʱǵҲ׷Һܿ׵ϣΪһۡ
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Ȼܲһ㣬ʵԿ˵ĽǶôˡ
ڿ˵ʱ򣬱ƴȻʵƴ
˵ֻʹ֮ӰĻôȻûκ⣬ʹΪۻȡĻ͵Ѿˡ
ֹ֪һ㣬ĺԺĸ߲㣬ԼɻͶ֪һ㡣
Ҫһ㣬ǾǶתƵûгСʱһĻǷɻǸҲˡ
ԣѪ˲䣬ɻͱĶ׺ȵΪʲô
ɻ͵ŭȰźܶ塣
ΪʲôҪزΪǲҪزģҲڻǲǹģȻ϶ϣǹģضףȴ׸һ𰸡
ֲǡ硷ߣȻ֪ٻڤ֮ŻḶִۣԲŻġ׵ǳ˿ЦѪĲ״ĿЦͱ˲Ц
УҶԼںľʥ齣ֻ֮á硷Ȿлôϧû뵽۾Ȼ˳ء
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ɻͶ׿˺һղε̾һ
׸ղŵϡϡԼеݣɻͶκεĲʵײûƭԼʹá硷ĺȷʵ
ɻͣȻԼǰˣҲˣ֪ڸۺһʲôֺ֪ɷҼᶨһļ𡣡
ˣȻ޷ٰڤ֮ջϣһֵһ˾ͲǷɻˡ


184 ʥײ
ɻѾľҲʹ͸ֶ֧ΣȻӲ׵һҲ֪һ㣬һ˵֮Ҳתͷ˸ֺ
ȻѾֺȥֵ׵ĹҲνˡ
˭֪׵ܱĹֶ֮С
ֺܹ顶硷˵ǧѷĻᣬԥʲôɻͼֻǴĿײ˵һ䡣
硷ǹ飬ȻŰʮҲ˷ֺ˵
սˣҲսˣֻһһľڽҵϵˣԵܵϢĿֲԼǷ·ܹ־ֻԶԶţûκʵʲôȼ뷨
˼벢ǴˣӵףֺоûбҪˡ
ӵ壬ôֺԸðȥжǿ
֪ˣɻͶֺͷֿʵأ
Ȼȥһʮ޸ˣʵѾˣ뷨ϸֺơ
Ҳ֣Ͼ־̫ǿˣҵҲǣԱǸˡҡҡͷûѡ׵
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ˣܵظ־ȷʵˣҪλҼĹȷʵһݡ׿ֺһεӣæ˵仰
˵֮󣬾ʹɢȥڤ֮ţȻϢɾʱȴһǿĿռ䲨
飡飡飡
ռ䲨ֵ˲䣬öתƵƬ˲ָԭ״
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ռǿռǷɻ͸ղŵõǰǿֱֻײռ䣬ܰѿռָԭ״
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ָռά򣬶һָʱû˵ףԲΥռ䷨򡣡ɻ˵Ǵڼ״̬Ӱķ
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ӺܸߣҲźǿ㣬ϸ۲ģ뵽ʥߡ
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ͬʥ˵ǰ㣬ȷʵǼһΣҲǴͬʥ׵λʥߡ
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ĺԺĸԺ֮һԽԨʥߣҲԳƺΪԺԨʥ֪ײԼţǾֱ˵˳
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д˲Ԩʥ߲ɱףҲס
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һʱ䣬ĺԺ뵽ʥҡ
ȻʥѾϳʧˣǶʱǻǻǵǣһйͻϵǵϣ֮飬ܹ˭
һЩ΢뵽ܸ칬йأ칬ǵı־һʵĺƽ֯Ŀǰûκƻڻ顣
һЩ뵽˸칬йӴףҲǲ²ˣûʲô˵ġ
ҲûţոԺ˵ܵظȶļּʱ䲻̫պܻļ󣬵޺ġ
ڶɻʱһͻȻ˵Ķ
ȷʵǵõԺĴҾ˶һ㣬ΪĺԺİǲòô͡
ȻţĺԺͨȴһ㣬ֻЩ֪ĺԺһҪ˵ЩˣԸѲ˹ϵ


185 һָ
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ˣҲ˵ĶԣҶԹȥں׷δ־˵ʱ򣬾߳ҡ
Ҳ֪ΪԼڸܵͻȻЩһЩڴ
Ƕ־Щ˳ȥһ˾һ¡
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Ԩʥ߼׵ڷŲǰǿľиǸп׼ֱһţе㻳׵ǲˡ
ΪԹȻʤûгֹһˣԶʱûУԺҲС
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Ļʹˣ벻ȻǿֻͨҲü۾Ϊ飬עĵˣҼôԺ󡭡
֪ģʹ֮ȴеʹ֮
׵һģױ࣬ãǸ顣
׵İܴ׶˵еϲ㲻ǰΡ
ô˵º鶼ҪչˣҲǱĵˣҲǾվһģ׾ֻܹߵġ
ǰʷ׸֮ûлָҫ뷨ûеĻҲͰˣеĻǵˡ
ʹôͻǷ֮ܶࡣ
ǰĻ׻ϸڣΪ֮һ飬ʱĽѾ֮ˡ
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֮ôףôף֮׾ǰ֮ˣպҪĻô֪Լضǳʹࡣ
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ܹʹ֮ˣڲĿ֮ǰܹˣȻ治֪պ
װ̾Ϣһ󣬾ȫʼһ뵽һָ֮С
һ˿ϵۣҲָǸɫԭ֮һҲǴˡ
һԵԨʥ߿ҲڰԼĻ˳


186 ظ״
ʱȻȥܳʵҲǼӵѡ
Ĺɣҿʥߣǿǻ޷̫Ӱ졣Ԩʥ߼Щԥ׷Ĺ
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ԨʥߵĻ֮Ī뵽ʥߺĹϵ
׵֪֮Уʥ߿ҪԽ˵Ĵڣϵʥ˶磬ǻԱΪʥλʥʥʥǲܹ֮Ϊʥߡ
ʲô˼ѵ칬
Ԩʥ˵ЩʲôײԨʥӦѾͷ˹
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Ԩʥû˱Ȼ˵ʥ߸Ǻæ𣬿Ҳ֪ԼӦöԸһָĹȥ顣
һǾ׾˵һ仰ȻͷŹûôҲ˵ش⡣
һָ
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ԨʥȻԶѧʿǰ׷һľЧԵ׷ȻҪȫȫȥˡ
ÿ죡һָŴƿռҲ0.1ҵӳ٣ܱѾҵǰ
ϢһָҵʱҵԺиֳĻþ߻ĺƺ˵Ѿˣҷֿ
ҵԺг˻þҿһӰǡܰ
ܰƱǰǿˣһȻ̺ʥܰǵ֮ܰ
ܰϢ֮⣬һɱ˵ϢϢϤҾĳϼϢ׵ϢڸסˣȻ벻𵽵˭Ϣ
ˣһָʼͷų֮˲ұҪֵҵ˲ͻᱻꡣ
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Ϊ˶һԨʥһʼûһֱָԼı廹л顣
Ҫ֪ɲͬʥߣʥҲһǿᣬеǾǻѣһ꣬ôǵҲһ㡣
ǿṥ˵ˣһ߲κηᱻʴһ󲿷ֵټ־ϮƲһ֮£ִѧʿҲͬˡ
飬иûǿ֮
˵ԨΪ˰׷ҲǹƴģղһʧĻھѾˡ
Ԩʥķӳܿ죬ǻ黹Ƕܵ˼ǿģ鱾嶼һΣա
ҺڹؼʱԨʥʼչȫķ
ʥλϾʥλԨʥȫ֮£׵һҲ;ӶѣȻľе

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ܵظʮλͬʱҲӵʮ޵ǳʮ޵֮⣬һص
صд֮УλƮòָĻôҲڡ
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ڣܵظܰأͬʱܵظǿġйٱҲͬƿء
ղٻڤ֮ţͷųһָʱܰĸܵ׵Ϣȴûа취ͨڤ߽֮磬Ϊ̫ǿˣ׹ûλʱѰıٻȥ
װ벻ҳΪظ֮ҵõ֮Ҳ˺ܶණǸа˾Ȼ֮ȻܵظƿأҺ档
ܰһУõϣȻֱӷһҳ
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һֵע⣬Ǿǵܰͳܵظһ硷ֳʱܵظļӳ֮£˲ͻʥλﵽλ
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վλϣ֪ܰλ֮ϻо磬Ȼ֪ʱʲô磬֪һУܵظƣܿͻﵽǸ硣
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һеһУܰ˵һ㣬ΪԼܵظ󣬽Ż찵ص˭иչһ·õ˶
ΨһźǣЩȴ޷ص磬Ҳûа취ǿиֻأҪҪܵܵظз
磬ܰȻǿҪǿиһ˵ôǻḶ۵ġ
˵ֻͨˣҪǽλ΢һĴڣĵûС
Ҳ˵ܰܵظ׽ñܵظΪǴظ֮⣬Ҳûκôˡ
ظʲôģһܰǿиĻô˵硷ֱӰܰȻֻУֱĨɱĴڡ
ܰڷڤ֮Ŵ򿪵ʱȻĴԽȥףҲֻǰԼһ־ݹ׶ѡ
ôһ־׻ùȴѧʿȫһɴ˿ɼܰڵĺǿ
ϵ׵ĶϿˣǱѾջֻϧûиӦҵĴڡܰԼ׵ϵȫϿҲֵüصĵظϣȴ٣Ǳ׵ٻ
ϣ׵ĳɳԿһЩȻҲ֪ʱܹٶȻص֮ϡ
ܰӵ㹻Ϊֻ׻㹻ǿſڤ֮ŵǿȡ
ڤ֮ŵǿߣôͿ԰Ѹ־ݳȥҪ׹ǿĻֱڤ֮ӵйȥ
һĻܰͿϺߣ֮ܰĶ֡
ܵظ


187 ݵ
ųڡ
𣡡
Ȼ۾Ҳһֱעһָ˵һָԨʥľҲڵһʱ䷢һ㡣
벻ʹó֮ʥǰ޴Ĳࡣ
þһԨʥߵ״̬г߸ппԼĸʥߵĲȷʵ̫ˡ
Ԩ״̬Ȼһ㲻ãһʼȥǿֵҵĹôһһ˿һ˲֮ǰ˵ô󻰡
Լ붼ое㶪ˡ
ںѾûбҪˣһжѾȥˡ
ף㲻øеˣΪ͵ԣѾﵽ˴ѧʿ۷һĵزƿصҲдʱ鼮㲻ȫԨ·ܵ׵ǱȰ˵һ䡣
ʵ˵ҲûдҪ֪ڻֻһŶѣһžӵǿĹѾǷǳˣ˵ʥߣǲĲסʥ»·
֪ˣлԺָ㡣
˵仰ʱټȻ״̬Ǻܺá
ȿȣ
ⲻ׵ĻŸ䣬³һѪȻƵ浹ȥ
ʦ𣡡
Са֮󣬸æ嵽ǰȻױڻУֵĽ׵֡
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˯߲ͬڻԣΪڵ״̬ҪԹȥǿ͵ĻٻܱһСʱѣ׵ľʵʹԣѡ뵽˯֮С
׽״̬֮ǰ˵һ䣺¶
˵֮󣬲СаԶֺԼԨʥ϶ֳһ˿
˺һɻͲŵһ˵ֺԺĹҪһˣԺŮԺϲһ𣬿ԴӽѧЧҲ˵ء
ɻ仰ܴȻнֺ֣ʵ仰˵ԨʥԼйۿĺԺ߲ġ
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ҲĿУο״̬¶ãҺҪ˷ֿѧϰĻ׻ôõֺ̬΢˼һ£͸Ľ顣
ǳĳϣΪĺԺԺŮԺǷǳͬģΪһˣȻ˸ı䡣
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ʱ°һɳ죬ԼãôҲܵλǿӰ졣ӲһڵʵͬԺŮԺϲΪ׵ֲòô
ӦÿУĺԺѾͰˣʱһЩı䣬ȻõǶԺ֮׵λˡԨʥ˵̬ȡ
ΪĺԺĸԺ֮һԨʥĻ൱з
͵Ԩʥ˵֮ĺԺЩڰйۿսĸ߲㣬Ҳ뵽˳Ĭ֮С
ͬԺŮԺϲ
Ҳͬ⣬ĺԺǧĴͳԺûһǲԺŮԺġ
ҾΪ׵Ļı䣬Ͼ׳ΪԺ֮ϵĿⶼῴΪ׵ǲòô
Ҳͬ׵غδĵԽԽ࣬¸ֿѧĻǺܲȥ
Ҳͬ⣬ô˵ҲŮһѧϰҲͰˣԲܹһ𣬱Ͼãã
ĺԺĸ߲˵ŵʱͻȻҪһ㣬Ǿ׺֮Ĺϵ
ǰãҲֻãһڳ˱Ҫע⣬ǷһֱһĻ˵Ǿͻĸ顣
Ҫ˵ˣ鲻֣Ҳ֣ܳҲ֣𣿡
ߣ˵õĻͻȻ׺ʶһˣҡ
ĺԺĸ߲˵ʱͻȻһִѧʿһɵ顣
ôһ˵ˣǸ˺ȷʵʶһεΪʥأֻϧ̫ˣʥضÿͱˣ
һڳ˾Ͷ뵽һ飬һںܾǰֵñȽϴ顣
ȻҲֻкһ֪йϵΪʥطϢԼ֪ܶ飬ǲ֪鶼ǣ˭
µΪֹڵݾ֮ӣ
͵˵֮ʱĺԺԺͻȻǵۣȻ󹫲˴׵ݰš
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Ǵ˽һк󣬿ԸƵݡ
˼ԺĲĺ𣿡һִѧʿԺ˵֮󣬾Ȼһ䡣
ĺԺԺȻʥߣʥЭĴڣԺܶາִѧʿˣοᶨ˵ǺִѧʿˣֻҪΪԼǸҲҸʥ߱ۡ
ڵľƴӦöʥѾǰʥˣԾǸ˵ĺӣҲܹʵΪһǸݣôʥؾнڰߣʱԺĴ
ĺԺԺ·֪ЩʲôȻûбݵ˵ǻĻ
͹Ǵһν棬ڳÿһ˾Ͷ⡣
㣬ںֽܿ뵽˳Ĭ֮С
֮ʥҲվ˵ʥصԽԽ谭巢չˣԽ͵Ϊֹɣ֮ӣһ˭ͬ
ͬ
Ҳͬ
˵زйݵǸһˡ
ڳÿһĺԺĸ߲㣬Ǹղ˵׵ݣҲֻһʱĺɻѣʵ㲻ĺԺԺѣҲ֪׵жҪڲ˵˵˵Ҳˣǿɲɵȥ˵
ˣȻûˣô˵˵Ժɡʥû˶׵󣬾Ͱѻת˲Ժ
ҶԲԺ飬ȻôǾͶƱѡˡʥһˣȻԼȱ̬˵Ҳͬ⡣
ȻʥߺܹףĲͬⲢԺȫǸ˵Ŀ⣬ûвκε˽˸顣
Ҳͬ⣡
Ҳǣ
ʥߵĴͷܿЩͬ˾Ͷվ˳ҲһĹ򣬲ͬ˾ĸ
ĸ˱̬֮󣬾Ҳû˱ʾͬˡ
˵ʥȻе㲻ģҲֻε˵ͬⲢԺռôӽ쿪ʼԺŮԺ·༶׺²ѧϰܹһӣ𣿡


188 һԼϣ
ΪֵԵʣĺԺջǾԺԺٷԺŮԺ
ǣĺԺ߲һ±̬׾ԲԸ¡顢ǸĹһ༶ǲܹ׸ǹһᣬΪ˷ֹ׳ڶŮ˽֮С
Ҫ֪ĺԺ֮ô׵һһҲغĺԺδΪĳ鵼ѧϰ⣬ôʲôԭĺԺҪڹ
Ϊױţļ¸ģһͨյĶһʱȥĺԺ׵ĴҲס
ǣµȴ֪ĺԺΪһ޴ĸı䣬Ϊ˯֮С

һķ֣ڵСԺڡ
һϢ֮׵ľָһСţûг׵ֻܹǰѵ״̬
״̬֮£׵һɼȹ˯ߣҲڸ֪Χ״̬
ʱֻҪԺгһͷͿʱûѡΪܹܵΧкܶ˵ڼ˵Ǳ
Щ˲û׵ߣֻڰб׶ѣǾĺԺ߲㰲ŵģϾʱ׷ΪʱҲǻɱ׵ʱ
벻ʥ߶ڰбңҴϢԨʥ׷ſ֪ܿͷԨʥϢ
ԨʥûϢΪϣ׳Ϊ˰ȫֱԼΧΧʱʥߴսٻɱ׶ᱻ֪һǳȫ
гԽʥλĸſɱס
ҵҲǳû˽һӰҲá
׻֮뵽ӰʱͶǸ˷ǳŨȤǸ绹Ҫһ̽ˡ
ʥֲӰĴڣᷢҵ뿪ضԷҲ̫Ĺʡ
΢˼һһ
ϣ
ͷһ׵з˳
Ǿ
׵һʱתΪ̫ͼ̬̬֮꿴ȥǳͬʱҲǿ
ꡭף
ڸػ׵Ԩʥһ󣬶ʱ˹ȥ
ԨʥΪ׺˽ˣû뵽׵ȻǿȻʥߵĲ໹ܴ󣬵ȴԶͨĴѧʿֱƺѧʿ
ȻôﵽزȵȣϢʧˣСʱˣԨʥ˵Щʲô֪һȥĸط
һѰҺԨʥ־ԼҲҲ׵ȥˣֻܹв²⵽𣿻ǽܵظ
⺢ӵʲôĴڣֻʥ߲ſԿʼ꣬ȴﵽزҲ˵ķĻ˵һԶɡ
ԨʥΪ׵ʱ뵽ã֮С

ӰС
ڽ֮ͱ㲻ٵֿڤڤеǹٻȻٻ֮ԼקӰ档
ٻ֮£׵˲͸ܵ޾ı䣬ҺܵķΧ
䣡ǶӰеĸо
ϸĸоֱ־֮£ܿ춼ʱ䣬ԼĿġ
֪˶֮󣬵ٴʱϰԵ˫ۡ
˻
ôۣ
˫۵ĵһо
ָоʵ׵꣬ھ˲֪õͱ֮׵һʱе޷ӦǰĹġ
֣
Ӧ֮󣬾ͷֵԼǰһ˫׾С֡
ҵ֣Ҳҵ֣׿˫૵˵һ䡣
׼ȷ˵˫֣ȴϵ˫֡
ôӰ粻ӦһȺڰڵ𣬶֮ǰһոĳһַսôһ֮ȴӵһ׵壿
Լ״֮Ժгɻ
ž
͵׸վһʱȴΪһСĴϵ
ڿ岻ϰɵӰ죬׷Ҫ߲ʱ򣬻һʶڸĶָӡ
־Ȼԭˡ
ԭˣǿռĳһ˵壬ֻϧǸ˵̫Сˡ
˴״󣬱״̬ȻѰǸԼĳһСꡣ
֮ڣҲΣӰ硣
һ״̬׾ͷһεڱԼûϵĻһʱ䱻硣
͸ȥһ꣬Ȼ˽һ
һˣ׾Ϳʼ塣
ܿ죬ͷһֻȭͷСԺеһ䣬Ǹꡣ
ҵˣ㣡
ҵ֮׵Ҳ˲СȭͷСȻָȥ
״ûиԴкȻ˼ʲôķ꽻
ǣ˭뵽׻ûд꣬»Ϊһ޿ڰ
ȥ
޿׵ͬʱһ־Ȼɱߡ
ֻϧ׵ǿ̫ˣ깥׵˲䣬׵۱һ˿⣬漴˲䱻Ⱦ˺ɫȻ󳹵ʧ֮С
⡭
ʵûҪɱ꣬ղСĵͷų۵̫־ϧǶ̫Сˣһ˿־ܲסҾ׵ˡ
һ׾ûа취깵ͨˡ
ɶ鷳ˡ
֪һôԼȾͻ粻˽⣬⻹ֻһС⣬Ϊȷ˾Ҳ˽磬һԼ¶˿֪ᷢʲô顣
æϵ黹æ־ȥһ顣
Ҫǣһ㶼˽⡣
ӣô͵үܿҪѧҵˣһεĻᣬҪ˵ģôӱضץסϳš
׷ʱͻȻһŮԶ˹
̧ͷȥһʮŮǸŮһŻһ߻ͷǰ֮Ȼ㺹ˡ
ʱѾվˣŮûп׵
ӣҸոС̽һ£˵үҪǡܼүڸϽһ۰ɡ
Ů˵仰һǰȻóһǺܺ鼮


189 һԼ£
Ůó鼮˵Ǳܼ׶Ȿ鼮ûκȤȤĸ֡
߹֣ͨԸϵˣȻԲܳͬ֡
׷ܹõһ鱨Դ˼Լ⡣
ӣô˵һ㿴Ůֻǿ鼮ķ淢̲סĳԴߴһ䡣
ײ֪ոձСŮʲôϵ΢ԥһ£˵ÿˣѾˡ
飡
׵Ļû˵꣬ԶһִŴ򿪵ԲͨͨĴ򿪡
ţʮڵǰ
ܵ˳֮ױϰԵͷųȥһǵϢȻжǵ
ֻǣһʧˣΪ͵ľһͷųʱ򣬾һɼǿĻ־˲ľɵˡ
Ҿһ˲䣬һǿ־ʼԺ޼ɵɨ
ղ˿̽ңҰѸںúõһ飬֮ǰҪǸ˵ʬ塣
׵ջٺ󣬾һԵ
ǸеˣȻˣôҲ벻Ĵڡ
ʥ߸ǿ־ôܹ־ĵز׵־Ȼջ٣һҲӰжϡ
ողŵԣӦʥ۷弶Ĵڣһ׸æ곹뵽֮УⱻԷЩʲô
ʵû֮İæװɢҲûãԷȻʥĻһԷ׵Ĵڡ
֮ǳԽʥλֻҪСһЩĻͲᱻʥ˷֡
ˣˣˣ
ײŸغԼ꣬Ⱥ˾Ѿǰ
һղΪ׵۷ʥ˵ףɼǵΪһǰ˵Ļ
һڣ׵жʱͲһ£Ϊû뵽˾ȻҲס
ǵã
𾪹𾪣ɺܿ˻ش𣬼֪ʲôԼ
ܺãôҽͿʼпˣֻҪش⣬شȷҾ͸һӵݣȻȥѩԺޣشôҾ͸ϾӹϵҲҪ˵ʱ򣬲Ծͷųһɼǿ־
־Ůɫʱ䣬ȻʹʮҴڴڵĴ
Ȼղܵ˲Сľ
Ƴʵǰ˵Сƣαװ˺üȻ󡮴ɡŮǰ嵲ǰ棬ȻŮʶ
ڱǸŮ֮ΪȻŮ죬пܻҪ֪ס
ˣŲϣŮܵ˺
һ׺⣬Ǿǵ˵ʹʱиֳһ˿̵ɫɫÿȥҲ죬ϳ֮ûκ˷֡
飡˽ףĸҲָϵټ񲢲ôǾ֤
״뵽һЩĿܣҲֻǲ²ѡ
ͦˣҵĵһǡǻڰ֡ʲô
䣡
һ˵꣬ʱͬ⵽һ㣬˲ͽ뵽˱״̬
ҵԣȻӵҵԣһԼԼԣôܲ
ǿ׵ļΪ֮¶κ
ףǷ̫ϷԴ߹ԣǽϵС֪
ףƫĵĶԴһ˽ӣЩϵӵԿ
ס
һ˵꣬ΧļӾͿʼͣļ
Լĺ˲Լӣжʱһŭ
ɾ͵Ҫʱȴ˵ˣҲ֪ҲʲôҶ֪
ôܻ᲻֪Եݣǲ˵Ҳ˵ΪͿ뿪ˣֻҪ뿪л˽磬Ҳõı˷ܡ
ף֪˵ʲôȻ޷׵뷨ΪԼˡ
Ҫ֪ز˽תˣԼȻܣʵ̫Խˡ
Լھͻ뿪ҲٸκιϵǸ֮ǰŮĻĻµġ
˵ʱͷһŮ˵һҪǾǴһߡ
ȷ𣿡ûдӦףصĶһ䡣
ˣǳ׿϶ĵͷ
гһ˿ᣬô׵ĻҲֻε˵Ը
˵֮ʹ뿪СԺ
ٳ˴ʮʱͷ˵һʱ뿪ԴԺڵжǳȥ֮ٸ̤һҾͻ˷˫ȡ
˵һ뿪СԺ
仰ʵΪ׺ãΪԺкֵܶǮƷֻҪǵĻʱڵ⡣
ϧײ֮ǰףûĻ
ԣӰһϵûУ˵ӰˣţôҲףԭ⡣
ŮߺڻָǣȻ󲻿ŵĶʵӣүˮˣôѡ뿪
㿴Ӷҵ̬ԽԽʣֻ·һֻ뿪֪׾ּܶ࣬򵥵һ۾Ϳó
ȷʵǺ⣬ֻҪЩӾͲʲô飬һֶ⡣
ֻҪֶпܳ⡣
Ů׵Ļ֮Ҳסˣϸһ룬ͷ׵Ļĺе
ӣô֪ǡ
߰ɣ뿪ǣ
Ůһ׸ղ˵飬״ˡ
׻أ֮ܵѾһ֣ٶȵĻҲͻаʱ䡣
ڣױҪȰ尲źãȻĻ´ʱ򣬲֪û
ӣǲЩûǮƵĻô
ӣ
ӵȵң

Ӱ磬һ仪ķ֮С
ˣ
ˣ
ܺãǵĻᣬȥɱǸ˵ĺӡ
ǣ
һһ͵ʴ˵˿϶ˡ
⼸֮УͬҲţ׶Բ˵ǰ۵Ĵڡ


190 Ӱ
뿪ʱ򣬾ͺܿŮ뿪ǡ
ղŹ˵ǡ֣ҪȷһĽṹǷһ
ҲԶ׼׼Ů˵ǺûκεĲӦҲ˵ȷʵˡ
ǣףһеһжôϤΨһͬľϵ緢չ
ǵĽֵЩ仯ҲϵĲȫһߺö࣬ϰ䣬ȴûм
״ŮһȦ֮󣬾ֶ˽һ㡣
ҪǵĴſ֮ͷչмرǿϢ
ͻı仯ʱûʱ飬ֻȴŮ뿪ǡ
Ѿ׼Ⱥ˻ǲ·װ̾һ󣬾뿪ǣܿŴСܽԶһƬɽ֮С
ƬɽҲеģ׻΢ϤΣЩ׷ɱ֡
ӣɽ֮кˣҲֻͬ˰ˣһ뷴ǳȫЩɱ֡ŮҲǳ׵ͨˣͨߵ֪ƾ׸Ļɽ־͵
뷨ǲģڵ׿ɲǰˡ
ΪɽûˣҲŻѡɽ֮УΪҪ׽󻼡Ůע֮˵뷨
仰ȴŮеĿɿڴ
ӣԴ𣿽첻˴ľҪŮзǳգΪ˽ףѡŮ
ӣĲԼȥֻͨŮôܹҲ뵽վ֮СŮڱˡ
ͨŮҿδذɣ׿һŮȻ¶һ˿Ц
֮ǰڸոռʱȷʵûлɹŮݣǵ˳֮ۡ׾ͷչһ˿Ծ
£һүҪһŮߣôǸŮŻŻãı顣
ǣ׷չŮֻƣĸȫģ֪׷ɱǵʱҲûлš
⼸Ļ׾ͿԷǳȷȷŮ⡣
ӣʲô˼Ůôһ˵֮ϹȻһ˿ңûгϰˡ
סˣ֮ԲɱΪҶ㱳˸Ȥ칬֮ģǸҰѽ쿴κһ߱ˣô´ν֮󣬱ضὫʮ˲ð
׸ܵɱּҲüϻֱӴԼ칬֮ĳƺš
칬˵˲֪˲ôˣӰȴûг֡
˵˵֮Ůʱһֿ׳յף˵òǵʧķɣҲǣлΪӣȴǽͷ׷ɱ
Ůȫûй˼׵ĸܣȻڱ˵Ժüαװˡ
ϸðɣˣûΪŮĻŭΪҪŮԼػϾʱ䲻ˡ
УۼΪʵΪʱȷʵԣֻҪֳԼŮа˳ɵļʳ
ҵˣ
ѲǷֿˣ
ʲôãһͽǵķ죬Ƕ׾ٵ׷
׵Ļ䣬м˵Ϊ˵Χ
⼸˶Ӱɳɱ֣ǵĿȻɱˡ
ʦ벻ϣ˾ȻôࡣŮ⼸˺Ҳһ
ܿƽ飬Ϊ˵ǰ㣬һͨŮȻŵƣʦҲаձףϾߵ
͵ŮΪǿʱȴһɸǿ־˲˷ԲǧڵķΧ
⡭
ˣһˣ
̫ǿˣȺүҪǿǲǶ֣
ɶΪû˷һ㣬Ѳǿ
˸ܵ׵־ѾгֵǵĵһӳǾǵͷܡ
ͨǵ̬ȺҲ֪˶֪ǳǳǻԼʲôˡ
ǿҪԭжҳֵĻѾǵˣֻϧ
׵Ļ˵Ͳ˵ȥˣ漴ֻһӵǳɽľıϡ
ʥԯôܣ
Ůװʥ֮Ϊԯ󣬾Ȼ˵һѽ֡
ʥ齣ŰŮΪԼΡ
ʥԯһ˵еǿʥѽʱΪ֮𾪣Ҫһѽϧ˭ûеõ˵Ϊ־ʥҪ޷õʥκΡ
ˣҲǳҪõһʥ
ʥԯ㲻ף㲻ף
ôΪʲôԯʥ
ԯʥӵնħܣˣ׵ˣ
ʦ׵ԯ֮Ҫ𾪶ˣһ̶˵ֿĵ׽նɱ
ЩȻ˵ֿ׻ûдˮϾһж̫ˣֱӶʣľųһնɱǡ
ǼŮҲܿͷӳ˹
عŮֵĿʵ㵽˭Բף
ҾףҲ칬֮ס˵ĻҪѽ˵ȥػҵȴҽ٣һûãôٴνٵʱһ֪ʱűӿֲ
в˷Ҳ¯ˡ
ҡ֪ˣ
Ůܾ׵ģһһϵԯ֮󣬾Լһ޷Ĵڣ˵֪ΪλΪĴڣĿǰҲֻˡ
ܺã
׵ͷ漴ΧɢӰҲûһ־ˡ
ͬʱӰҲˤڵأʧȥκεϢ
ֵǣȻûκϢȴǻŵģǳïʢֻ겻ˡ

硣
֮ľʱǱˡ
ˣ
ŸһԨʥͳ׵ǰ
ǵģղȥһ¡Ͷ򴫡磬Ҳš
ڱһԣ漴ʶĿԼֱȻ۲һ¹ʱϵʱ䡣
ʱʾ뿪СʱӰȴֻǸоһСʱҲ˵Ǹʱٷǳֻǵ֮һҡ
п¼ʱ䣬ΪǴʱʶ


191 ֮
ʱһֿȴڵǿ
ʱǰ鶼ֻܣĿǰΪֹûκܹսʤʱ䣬ʱͷ·һԶ޷ԽĴɽܹľֻѡ
ûв´ĻǸʱǰӦǲȶģдˡͶ򴫡֮ǲȶ
УӰӦþӰˣκ鶼浽ǣҵԣԯǸҲڡ
ǣҪӰϵΪǵǳǿᣬȱݾǸǳƶ෴ΪΪԣ
ڻشԨʥ󣬾Ͳ֪뵽˼֮С
дʲôѵǱе򣿡Ԩʥ߹˺һָ˵һ仰
Ļ״˼˹ҲԼʧ̬ˣȻʥߵ
Բ𣬸ո뵽һЩ飡
һ˵һŵƸԨʥ˵
û£ʵγһ⡣Ԩʥڰ֣ʾ׵˿⣬ͬʱ˵еʡ
ףһ仰ҷǳ⣬ʱ˵ʥʥߣҺ֪⵽ʲô˼
ѾԨʥܳһʱˣһֱŲȥʣ׵ǰǿ󣬾Ҳ̲סˡ
һ֪ʲô飬ԲŻô˵ģԨʥڤڤ֮иеʥߺܴҪ֪֮ĸΪβͬ
ʥߺܴ󣬲Ҵ칬֮е֪ģԵǷ׼Ҳȷ׵ļװ˼Ƭ̣ȻְһжƵ칬档
칬ϵǿԸ𣿡ԨʥҪһ¡
Ȼԣ
׺ʹĴӦֻһλĻֶѡ
칬ļأﵽʥλ֮滹λλΪܶ׶Σеһ׶ξɣɼɻԲǴֵɣֻ֮ɡ
װաͶ򴫡ľ绮֣ϵ쳯Զ񻰽λһΰɼĽλϽܳ
֮ľǵɣѾ巶ΧڵɣֻҪڵ֮ϣκβλ˶Ըǿ⣬Ҳ⡣
ξɣͨܣҪһﵽɼ֮ͻ룬ԼȾĻôͻĵ֮ʱ
֮ϻнɡ޽ɣʥ칬Ķ壬ǳԽ˴޽ɵĴڣЩûʸȥԾֻ֪Щ
װɡɡɵĻ˵һ㣬ͬʱʥߵĸԨʥ
ԭԽɵĴڲʥĵȼҪһˡԨʥ̾һЩ֮ԼʥߵĲжˡ
ǣֵȽ׻˲֪꣬ҲԨʥ˵ܹġ
Ҳûдȥ飬ŵպϵɢ֮ʱƴȻȻͻʥĽλȡѾǱȻˡ
Ҫ֪ĶѾ֪ˣͺúϢɣ˳һĺԺѧʽʱ򻹻ϯս׼
ԨʥϢ֮Ϳʼ䵭Ȼ󽥽ʧ׵Ĵǰ
֨ѽ
ʧûгʧʱ׵ķͻȻƿˡ
Ժ
˼ԨʥߵӰ󣬸æһԨҲһЦų׵ʧ
ˣףϿף˵ĸп
ţû°ɣ
׿ɻûǹڿʱ뵽˻þ֮УŪһʱ䶼еֲúʵ
Ѿˣ벻ôǿֻǿһ۾ͳС˵仰ʱɫЩ΢΢ȻַĻеݡ
ǿǼһĲ۳ۣ֮˵ˣǴѧʿһ񶼻׹С¹ӰԿԽһ䡣
ʱĽ֪Ȼиԣ˻ǲġ
УʵǻڰֵĻþ֮жκһ˵һΪһͨþĿ飬ô־ᱶ鼮ĸ򶼻õߣֻþôҳȥǸ˾ͻ˽뵽ݵĻʱ䡣
þĴʼˣȻûо²µõþĺôͻ
ʵ˵ģΪŸսþûԵͱɻʹˣȻĻûиꡢʮ궼ָ
ȵꡢʮ֪֮ʲôɾ͡
˵֮ͻȻûʲô˵ˣ͵ձе֮ʱͻȻ뵽һ顣
ףԺΪһı仯顣
Ŷʲô仯
Ҳ˳ŹϵĻȥ
ĺԺΪǵµĹϵԺŮԺ϶Ϊһ㲻ܹһѧáҲܹסһ𡣡ϰԼõϢס
ҲˣĺԺĸ߲㶼֪ܲʱһкܶ˵ССıһ¸߲㡣
УظոոԺѾ֮˰ɣ϶һ䡣
ĺԺٿѧʽʱҲѡϯȷʵ֪¡
ף֪ϯλôصĿףȻ⡣
Ǹλö˵νֻΪѧϰϯʲôĸں˵ʵ뷨ڵԣϯϯԺϯλöֻǺǵѡ
ȻŸϯҫϵõ׵Ĵ𰸺ɫͻȻúǱ䣬Ȼ׵ĻǷС

һʱ䣬׻Ĳ֪ôشҲ벻ϱô졣
ףҲô룬ϯÿһĿ꣬ΪλһģĴԺҲôΪģϣԴ顣϶ϯλú⣬ϧ˵Ļ
֣ôһ棬Ϊϯ飬עĻûʲôǲôĲŶԡ
ǳĬƬ֮ױ㿪ʵΪʲô
ʲôһ㶣ûڵһʱ׵˼
ôϯ飬һǷʲôйص飬ǲңôҺѰﵽ㡣װеĲ²˵˳
һ˵꣬ϵ϶ʱ͸ֳһ˿ЦȻȫ¶ˡ
ҵ˽£û֮ǰΪ˶һ׷߸һģעһԺϯΪϯôҾҪΪ̡
˵ʱ鶼ǳ⡣


192 Լ
Ժϯͨ˵Ҫ׶ԾֻһֳƺŰˣֳƺԼƺ˵Ҳûκ
ң׵뷨ǰϯλøˣܵõһϯλֻҪμӵĻϾͻûʲô
ǹͻȻ˵ĻȴеΪˡ
ףԣֻҪԸĻضΪԺϯջûȥȡλãֻǴӲ˵顣
Ժĸ߲㰲ߣʵΪһ𣿡̾һʱѾԺ߲ùԼߵĿˡ
һУΪԺϯλá
ĴԺȻ֪һǲûзϯЩԺΪ˵õһսʸ񷴵ʮŬ޷ǾǸһսҲֻһսϼײӦԼ˵ϡ
ûԴ׳Ϊһ֮˾֪Ժϯʮа˾žˣȫƴѧϰΪľǳΪԼԺϯȻø׽һεĻᡣ
Ҫ֪׵Ѿ߹׵ʵҲӹɣܹսһԵõ˵עӣǿѧϰһЩľ飬ԼõһʶĻᡣ
ЩôĻҪȳΪÿԺϯõĺô࣬ԴΪ˵õƴˡ
Ȼ飬ѵҵӰѾﵽز𣿡֮ҲǸиš
֪Լںܻӭû뵽ȻﵽزҾͳһе㲻˼ˡ
ûȷʵܻӭҶеӰ춼ܴϣ㲻ҪôʧȻҲ԰ﵽңͬʱҲûʲôԱġϰԼڵ˵˳
װʱ򣬾ѾһЩ׵ϢһСϢеɫȶȥ׵룬İôҲǵ׵飬Դպлٻ
Ȼײ֪Щ뷨Ȼ͹ǳ뷨Ͳϡ
һμԺϯ֮ҲΪ㡣׹ԼһЩݵҪҲ仰
׵Ļǲ٣ȷʵȫΪ˹ϲμģҪĻΪ˲˶ʧͬʱҲμһ˵ļ
ϾҲһˣֻһֱսĻǺû˼ҲԳһԺ칬Ա˳ռһЩǱţ칬
ΪԺϯô͵ǷһˡҲԸռױˣ״ӦҲ˵Լ
ҲãҳΪԺϯôҪһо˼Ƭ̣ͷϵȷʵԼĶ
оʲô˼
֪Ϊʲô仰֮󣬱ܾ뵽˼һǳõ顣
ǵ˵ǹμԶѪ𣿡¹ˣǸæһ䡣
ǣһ˵֮ϵɫеѿˣΪμҵʵԶ˵ˣΪ˵һֳ衣
ܹϵǲԶʱڵĴڣκ飬ΪڵĹҺܲΪάҵݣԼŮҪƷס
˵СʤŻԻʱڵ˵⻹һǳ˵顣
ףҵĴֻһЦˣӦòҥԲŶԡû˵һ䡣
ǣ֮ȴҡҡͷȻص˵ġ
һװӵĺأԴ˱ʾԼûڿЦҲû̽ϣûг˼
ΪʲôΪʲôôִҵϣϷ׵̬ȱ仯Ҳסһ䡣
ܼ򵥣ΪμȷʵԶʱڵļ壬Ҹ칬ļأμԶʱڻμӹһμΪ׳۲ҵս֮УΪһվŵ˹μҵĩ䣬ͬʱҲʧȥ˾ѼѪԹμҲŻˡ֪ƾԼ˵ϣǾͰ칬̧˳
ο׵Ϣ֮֮칬ľŮô˵Ҳûдܹǻԡ
칬ļأȷ
ȷʵ̫ף칬
칬ضΰĴڣߵ㣬칬ԣûĸ߸˵칬ϡ
칬֮мźܶԶʱڵ飬μԶʱʱ˵δ֪ģ칬ȴӵмء΢ĬͰ˵˳
˵鲻ΪùΪЩڰеĺԺ߲
ʱȫ׵Ļɾûƭɡ
һûʲôֵƭϸ뷢ҲǶòȤˡ
Ȼ֪ԼÿԣڻȱŮ
飿𣿡΢ƽһͻȻһ䡣
Ȼһֱ֮ϣ칬֮ļأһʵǳǿ󣬶廹֪ĴڣǸΪĳ޷뿪ڵأȻǸĴھͻɲٵ鷳װԼ֪Ϣ˵˳
Ϣǵܰ׵ģʱҲ׵һ֪ϻ飬Ҳ֪ܰ飬ʥߺ͸߲㶼֪
˵֮ЩڰеĺԺ߲㶼Ϊ
ǣǹμϵô˵֮󣬾ּ׷һ䡣
Ϻܴ˵֮󣬾Ͳµóʱ飬ôͱμҸŹϵҹϵǳĴ
ȻùĻ֮ǰ˵ľѼѪ
ڹϵļԣѪһĸ߼ֻҪԼҵѪ֮ôͻúǿȻ֪μҵѪ֮жǿȻμԶʱڵĴ壬Ǿ˵ѪԲ
ϧϲֵطѯǸ⣬ȻȲ֪ҲﲢȫҪȣҵʵĻȥס
ʱʲôԣֻҪܹξѹμҵѪ
Ҳ·µ˹ϵ뷨ûȥ˵Щ
μҸľϵ칬֮кмأҵļ޷޷ش㣬պʸ֪Ļ϶ġ
׶ŹһЦȻͲټ˵ȥˡ
⻰٣Ϊֻ֪ԶʱŹϣĲ֪ʱμҵǿᵽʲôѪ;ѷʽʲô


193ѧʽ
μҵЩ⣬ջֻܹ֮شҲֻܹ֮شЩ⡣
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ȹ֮Ͷ˵һллȻ뿪ڵĲ
ϾڻǴ˵״̬һֱȥĻȻӰ쵽׵Ϣٻ׺ΣϾѾûʲôĵĻˡ
ȹߺҲϥڴϣ뵽״̬
ȻĺԺĸ߲棬мȥģףֻϧǲûСƵԾܹ뵽ĵ״̬Ҳ޷Ӧ
㣬ʱܿ˰
ĺԺȻסУƶȣѧǵĿγ̵֮Ҳͽˡ
˵ɫźûãױȽϤӰ˲С
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֮ײûر𼤶Ҳûвһеĳ´ֱ΢ЦĿǵ֡
磬ҵѾ֪ˣҲжȥһϵļһʼͻҸ׵飬ڵ֪ȫܵظ֮Ҳһ
ϾʥܰĴڣв׵Ҫ֮һ
ףҲ֪칬飬벻칬֮лλĴڣ֪ԺûлҲûи׺ѣֱӴмǿĴһ⡣
֪׾칬֮ǳ׶˵ĻԣͬʱǸ칬λ𣬾ԸŷͬѰĹϵ
ȻĻһλĴô칬֮С
϶лģϾ칬˵һֱ֮ʣʱ칬ҲӰ߳ɡ̾һ˵ôһ仰
֮ȻûбҪ飬ڿɲ˵ʱΪһбǵ˵
ΪЩ˵ĸӦ΢˼Ƭ̺󣬾һѽߣȻһĲͰѡͶ򴫡˳ȻбǶһ˳
бǶĳҪػɽǿ֮¾ʥҲҪһֵܹ֪̽ĳֻҪʥô׻ͻ֪
ԣбǶ֮˵ʱҲͲǰηηˡ
ףǸ㻹ʶǸ𣿡ٻͶ򴫡֮ҲһӴ׵뿪ȻĿһ⡣
мأʵ׻ĲǰˣΪһԽߡ
ڴԽǰҲûϲףɼ׻еһ˿Ϊʵ̫ǿˣѾǿ˿Կʥ˰Ĵڡ
ټЩ˼飬ջ׵ݡ
Ȼңҿ֪һУֻҴӹŹػ֮һСװ˰֣˵һЩ˾Ŀ顣
˵Щʱϳ˻֮ɫ˵֮˲˽ĻС
£Ǵվڱϣһưİס
磬ͻȻоԽԽԶˣһ뿪ǶԲԣ֮Զ׸еİҲΪ˵̫ˡ
ǰʱ»Ը׵ߣóǰĻôվױʸûУֱ֮֮
ϹˣԶҵãԶ׶һŵȻ˵ŵ֮׸оһɬҲΨһάֵĹϵ
Ĺϵûпܡ
˵ʱҲ׽뵽˳Ĭ֮УΪ˵
磬ǸμȥһѾʧȥĸо½Ķףȴ׸һ𰸡
ܿˣֻҪд磬ôҾͻӵһƿȨʱһ칬֮Զ׳ԵĻ
˵ʱһ˿⣬ȻͲټ˵ȥˡ
ǡ硷ѵֻ鼮Ҫ𣿡²֪Ϊ׵Ľ֮ͻȻú
ںܾǰдΪ¹ϿֵʱҲȷʵˣҲϲ
ڿڣÿдһͻ˵ľһЩ֪дˡ硷ظƪ֮ʱ¶ҪΪԼʧȥˡ
ԣͻȻе㲻ϣдˣϣܹٶȻصǰ״̬ΪǸҪչ˵ס
֪ˣúǵģԴֲĹʧôһﲻ֪Ϊʲô
ҲԼĿԣսüޣӰĴҲе޷ƿؾƣڻ޷ƽҪǿ
ټ֮Եʣھ嶼޷Ϊ֪ʲôʱԼ֮Ĺϵᱻֿ֪ȻСĳ˾ԻЧ
پʹסĽǶһ֪׸֮йϵô׾ͱضΪУҪ챻ɱͻͶ֮صʱ
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ˣҴˣҸǽ⼸ɣΪǸŮ
׼µѾȦдתˣҲ˻µʹ˴ߣһһҵԼϣʼЩðգ֮硷顣
Ҳû˵һ˵Са飬Саϵ˰Ȼûгʧ֪ԼһĻǾԲúദġ
ڶݵѹ֮󣬺ܿӭ˻Ц

ĺԺ
ĺԺ˵ǷǳҪһ죬ҲǾмһ죬ΪʷΪŵʽĺԺӡ
Ȼˡ
ʱ˴ģĺԺ㳡Ѿۼ˽ЩĺԺĵһѰ׵Ӱ
ϧǣһѰҶס
У͵Ѱ׵ʱǻһЩȻҲ˹㳡ΧĵȴѧʽĿʼͬʱһױ֡
ϾһεѧʽҪսĿģĺԺѾ֪Ժڵ׻μһεս
һĻĺԺ뵽һĪļ֮С
ϾҪʥˣͻȻü
ϧˣֻǰʮ˲ʸսϯλãȻҲȥһԡ
͵˰ɣȥƻûվȾͻᱻ
ޣѵ㲻𣿡
ѧ׵ʵһֹϵս׵˻˭
Ů۵Ĵ׵òʡѧЩŮ˿ΰĽ֮飬һЩصĹʼߺײˡ


194 꾵
ĺԺ㳡ıڿɽ˺ҲԸ̶̾ȡ
ڰнӰ绥Աһº󣬾ͷͷ·ȫ෴Ĵڡ
֮ϣϵΪΪ
Ӱ֮ϣȻλ񲻵ͣʵȴΪΪ
ףѾĺԺơУֻҪϵһͷĻضԽһĺ󹬡˼ǧʱֺѧʿ׵ˣȻĽ˵
ԸĻҲԽһڵĺ󹬡
ֺĵЦҲͬһ䡣
ң˵ҲûдֺڵݡλԣֻҪĻȻԽһˣҲûЩơ
ȿȣҪ˵Ц׼һ¿ʼʽˡ
ĺѧʿεĿ֪Ҫ˵ԻȥĻôԻɲСӰ졣
οڵλãֺ֮⻹кܶЩ˵Ļֻ֮һЦҲ֪ǿЦ
ʱˣֺȥʽɣ
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ʱ˵ʥ߾ֺĺԺĹ㳡롣
㳡ͬϵ򳡹һ㣬ֻҪվĻͿԱ˿
λѧʽȻʶþˣΪ˲ôźǲŻӵڡֺȰһ£ȻҶ֪һΪ˵ȴףҪ˵һ¡
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ⲻֺѧʿ˵˾Ϳʼ׵ˡ
Ҷ飬Ҳҳʱˡ
Щĺаһֱ֮ٻƣȻֺѧʿߡ
ףף
ᣬȥǻСһ㡣
ƺʹþȥ۲ĻᱻԾ˺
ʥߡʥʥߣȽеС˵ϵʼˣ治Ȼһѧ
ڿ֮Ȼǳļǲûҡ
̨ϵֺ֮ͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣȻͻȻһָ˵һεѧʽʰɡ
ֺҪ֮ͷʱһ㶣ȻС⣺㲻˵ֻҪҳ־ͺãȻȴϯս𣿡
֮ǰֺȷʵй֮вû飬׻Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
ϧֺı׺ʧΪװû׵ĻֱŲ
һĿתס
ЩϿεǣǵİͶӰֶע׵һһϾ׵ôʾԷǳ塣
ټǰ˵ԴһԴ߹ԣ˴ҶΪһ˵ĻԣԵʲôͲȷˡ
ԣҪԣ
ԣضԣ
Դһ
Դ߹
ֺĻ˵֮ĺԺڷˡ
ԿǰѵһֵĴڣѾԴһԴ߹ԣǺڴܹٶ˵ԡ
ҪǣԶÿһ˵źܴĺôԽǿ˵õĺôҲԽ࣬˭ϲ֤Եĵء

ķڡ
ʱֶվڴǰұ۾Χ
ȻķڵĸЧǿɿĺԺ飬ܹͨʶγԵӰ졣
ֱڶ˵֮Ҳڰı˳Ȼص׼¼׽Ҫ˵Ļ
ڴأ֪һ׻˵ʲô
˵ʱֲͫıѪ֮ɫ
һ䷿֮У־Ҳͨһ龳۲Ǳߵں˵ʱ־ԼҲе㼤
ûһܹ˶ϵʱڽӶ˵ԣһ˵ԣôҲ˼ķԣѡ칬Դ˸׻һ˿ϵ
־һ׷δˣΪ˸õδǵѡ񣬲ż칬˵һǳȷ飬ǰһܹ˵ԡ
Ͼм칬Ҳзյġ
ʵĺԺһŹע֮⣬ԺһЩ߲㣬ҲøֶȡĺԺĳϢ
УһЩʥߣʱҲĺԺΧ

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ʥߡʥߣԼʮעĺԺһС
꾳еϢǵĳ֣ĺԺǿʥߣ׻칬ˣ칬ӵλĴڣһǳֻɱױҪѸ١
һʥһų۾ľӣ˵
죬ױȻҲпٴΣֻҪôϣͻϾڵӰôһĻضܵĴ
ͰźõӦѾ׼ֻҪʱѵͿ׵ƿĺԺķ
ҲһϧϾڻôãչȥĻôʥصĸ߲ҲлģӦ׼ʮ꣬ԭΪ˸ڵģֻܹɱһ
̾ˣǿɲͨ
ԭ岼ú˺ֻ֣ĺԺ󲻵û˻ȥɡ
ò˵Ӳصĺҿؼʱ򷢻ӳؼԵá
ʥʱﶼԼĴɱӵкܴģͬҲ֪һηǳΣգĳɹҲḶ
֮ʱս֮ʱʱ֣ضܹࡣ
ΨһҪעľ칬ûŪ칬ʵ;Ŀʱǧܹ֯
ʼǼƻĵһɣɳʥȥǵע
Ѿ׼ˣ
ڴĳ棡
󽻽һº󣬾ͰзһϢ
ϢݳȥԶĺԺڵͻȻ̧ͷһݶȻ¶һ˿̵Цݡ

ĺԺ㳡֮ϡ
ײ֪ΣٶȽˣʱ˿˼ŵ˵Щʲô
ʵҪ˵ԵĻԺевԿԳΪԣ˵һԲӦڵĳ棬Ҫַڳġ
ϸ֮󣬾ͷĺ١
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뵽仰׵Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
Цһڳ˾Ͷ֪Ҫˡ
ֺֻѧ𾪵Ŀףֻһ˵ֱ׸еʱͻװдһƬ¡
ǣڿѾûбҪˡ


195 Ա
ǿ˸е⣬һֺе⡣
˼Ҳ˵أֺаһ䣬͵׽˵
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׸Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱͻȻһ޴ı뵽ÿһ˵ĶУͬʱĺԺ˲¡
ͬʱҲܵϢԼˣЩϢӹɾʥߡ
ʲô
ǿϢǿϢʥߣ
סʥߣʲô
Ϊ˶Ըģҿһػף
ĺԺͨڲ󣬵һʱ̧ͷգΧı仯
ಣಣಣ
ǵЩﻹû֮ʱִƿ֮ʮִѧʿʥֱӳΧ
ЩȻĺԺĸ߲ˣƿĺԺػ󷨣Եʳֵĵһʱ䣬ǾѾ˹
һʥߣһʥߣʥҲƻػһǴѲԼʱ̫ˣ
ߣΪʥҲǿĺԺ
ѾָˣֻˣڶֵĻ԰ȫ
֮սܹɱʥҲ
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ĺԺĸֻ߲һ˲ǾִѧʿǶһʱٻԼ鼮ĺԺӡڵϵĹ󷨡
򹥻ͷʥߣǸ״ԨʥĺԺԺҪĺԺĴ
ʥߣ׵ߣ˵ףôϸĺִѧʿ뿪ĺԺһǳȫĵطֻҪǸط԰ʥߵĹҲ֧졣
ΪԺ֮һǳǧ֮õԺȻżΪǿػ
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ױеԥģһ뵽º飬ֵεĵͷ
壬ǼȻ˴ңұضǶ帨ۡ
һǺ޼壬Ϊ칬ĳ֮ͣһʱ䣬˭ǷøӷˣϧĺԺ
ߣף׼ɣĺԺҲ֮ϵʥһĺԺ
֮лмǿĹûĿԣԲΥʥЭ飬ֻܹǴ˵ѣǿȵȴѲûüˡ
ףȴȥǳİȫʥ߼ʥߵʱ֪Էб
ңһʥ߶֪ĺԺкǿ󷨣ֻʥߴôԵɶԷȻʥô;Բ顣
ÿĺԺĸ߲㶼֪һıı֮£׵İȫҪġ
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˵Ѿ֮£Բ֪ģ˰˵칬ӦܹסԷŶԡ
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ҲĺԺǧ겻ǻа취ԸЩ塣׳˵һ䣬㿴һߵˣԼʶ˶󣬾͸溲ִѧʿȥ
ʥǵĿף˼ûֹ˼ô뿪
ʥߡԨʥȻ嵽ǺĿģ뿪֮Ҳͷˡ
ɣɱʥߣΪ˽ĺԺۡ
ܾûгˣѾΪα˳ΪԨʥ
ʥԨʥԶ˵һ䣬Ϳʼչ˹

ʥóʥ֮󣬵һʱٻһƬĿռ䣬Դ˶סʥΧĿռ䣬ǵƶٶȴ衣
Ԩʥóһɢ޾аϢ鼮ҪǱʥϢǳǿһͬԨһ޾
Ԩʥʥ顶޵Ԩ
Ȿͬһ㣬Ȼȼر߹󣬵Ԩȴ޾һʹ߱ʥսô֮ϺܹƥС
ҪǣԨɴ󲿷ֵĹű֮ΪԨʥ
֪࣬ͷûκξ治Ϊǻܹǿ⡣
֪̰࣬ڶΪǲӵ硣
һսҲԼѡԡ
ʥ˵ʱͻȻټ˵ȥˣ໥һۡ
ǵ֮Уʥ߸Ԩʥ߸ܵһ˿
־ǹȻб
ʥͻȻǿдĺԺôģ˵ȴģֻĿĵ
ãȫ
Ԩʥߺʥ˵ʱ򣬾ͻȻ뵽һֿԡ
ǣǴʱ뵽ѾˣΪʥѾ˫ۣȻֻ䡯һ漴ĺԺ㳡Ϊԭ㣬ʱһɼĢƵ
Ա
ϽλӵеŽλԱҲԽԽ
ǿĴڣǵԱ֮ҪԱǿΪǿǰͣռȻĳһ̶ʱԱ
ĻǾͿ԰Աӵǿ
ʥߣʵ׼ԲŻֱӳĺԺȫ״뿪
ɶҲҪף
ܱˡ
ˣ
ʥԱ˲䣬Ԩʥߺʥ߾ֱƿߣȻ׺Χеα
ĺִѧʿѧʿҲܵıΧѧ
ˣкܶѧɥʥ֮С
û취ʥԤıԱʵ̫ǿˣûгֹ飬ĺԺҲǵù
ԱˣȻز
ʥߵıȻһ˺ûгܣʥ߸Ԩʥȴ˲ٵ
ף֮лʮʥߣѾ¶ҪɱˣҪҪֱӰߣ
װսȭͷ˼ŵ׸αʱ֮ͻȻ׶С
֮ĸ֪ǿڸܵ߱ôǿ󣬾͸æһΧ
ˣʮ֮ûбĺԺ⵽ʥߡ


196 ʥصķϣ
֮Ĵ󣬶ʱж֮ʵʮʥߣôܣ
֪ʥǳλģҲˡ
ʥʱʮ궼Գһ˵һһôҲ벻һζԷȻʥߴðɱ
Ҫ֪ڵѾʼˣͬʱʥߡߡԼظߣôĹͼӳϣҪɱ׵ĻôԵĳͷѾˡ
˵ˣ˵ɻһʥϣôôʥ߿϶췣ɻһҲҪܵǣסԶ׶ˡ
ʮʥֻɱ׵ĻֻҪǶйףôͶ
ף߰ɣѾݲˣҪľɾʥ֮λʱٶȳ֮֡Ҳ벻仯졣
Ҵ벻ĺԺȻȫˣʥ˵һܹʥ߹ĵطֻҪڶȥĻôƲһʥ߾ͻ֧Ԯʱʮʥ߱Ȼкƣ˼ûҡ
֮ǰʥѾ˵ˣĺԺǷǳȫģҪľʱ䣬Ψһ׷ŭһ̫ĺԺΪԵ
ףϸһ룬ʮʥ߶˵жôҪҸղǻɳʥԱȻ֪ǵĴ㣬ȻĺԺνľ԰ȫصԲȫ֮ȻҲǿҪǲϵĻûа취ǿдߣֻܹӲȰ˵
֮˵ҲĺԺӵǿֶΣһ֪ģҲ֤ҲӦİա
ˣ֮Ҫߡ
ҲߣĺԺߵĻ
˼ǲ뿪
Ϊһսϵ̫飬˵ֱ߻Ӧǵѡ񣬵һڸһ뿪Ļض
Ҫº鶼ͯԼϵ̣ľôˣôҲһͿأҪױҲϣǳ⡣
Ƕ¶ԣڵĵطױҪ֤Ǹطİȫ
ףڲԵʱڵãôҿʹȫһ뿪Ҳļˡ
֮뵽׵ĹǣǱ˵ĵߡ
֮ǿʵʵʥ߶磬ܹʮʥߵƤ°׺´ߣѾ֮ļˡ
ҲߣҲ飬㲻õġһȻͶϿ˸֮ϵ
֮˵ʲô׶ֱӾܾ˽ܣ޾֮е֮ͻȻܵһ˿Ρ
Ժ׵ıܿΪѣȴѡȥսĸɡҲҪһˡ֮׾ܾϢ󣬱㵭˵ôһ仰
˵֮ͻȻֳһ˿Ц⣬ȻЦǵȷʵЦˡ
Ц֮Ȼԣֻϧû͵һĻҪЦÿȥҲ졣

ĺԺĹ㳡֮ϡ
ʱʥߵԱ㳡ѾױըĿȫˣ󲿷ҲܵشѪȾƬͽܣһЩѧʿըĶֶϽš
һڵĳ棬ǾǲҲ̶á
ף㻹ðɣʥ߿׵ЩãΪ׵ĳʲô飬Ǹæһ䡣
Ժ֮лʮʥߣȰɡװ֮Ϣʥߡ
ղ֮˵ˣʮʥĳֶƭĺԺĸ֪ĺԺ֪顣
ǷǳֲģΪʮʥҪͻȻ͵ϮĺԺʥߣ˵һʥֱӱ͵ϮһʥҲҪܵش
ĺԺһҲʥߣϢҪ
ʮʥߣô᣿ʥ߲ŵĶһ䡣
ףô֪ģԨʥҲһ䣬ҴԨʥߵ以Ȼе׵ġ
Ůҵģûа취ңֻǸʥ֮Сװ˵һ仰ĿŶȾͷǳˡ
칬λھŮ
Ԩʥʥ˾Ů֮󣬱Ҳ׵ĻæϢݸĺԺи߲㡣
ЩĺԺĸ߲ȻвʥߵˣǶûҲˡ
ΪǾʥ߶ԶÿһִѧʿԼıֶΣټϹؼǺĺԺԺԺػǶû
Ҫ֪ĺԺĴ󣬾ٵֵʥԱֻɣҲǼΪҪģûɵ˺ôִѧʿбضЩѧʿûʥ߰æػҲɡ
ʮʥߣѲǶԱɣ
ΪʲôҪزѵ֪ɱףĺԺʧʮʥߵĻôҲǴת𣿡
Ҳ칬οٻ硷ԾЩִѧʿҲû
׵ı칬֧֣칬ῴġ
ǰɣʮʥΣĺԺΣʧҪǴ󡣡
ĺԺĸ߲֪˾Ȼʮʥ֮к鲻û⣬ǱȽϷɡ
ʥ߿һףȻ˵ʥߵԱĺԺܵ˼ƻһսⳡս㣬ȥĺԺĺɡ
ĺĺԺǿҲǲͨѧŵһԺȥֻжĺԺм׵˲ʸС
֪ˣ
ҲʵĿһգûҵʮ֮еʥߡ
廹źܶصĴڣֻҪĺôһоͶˣϣ
ôģһʼĺԺǳģ֮Ȱ˵֮ȴôһ㶯ҡˡ
磡
ʱͻȻס׵֣ͬʱһĿףȻʲôҪ˵ûֱ˵
ʵ㲻˵Ҳ֪Ǿ仰ʲô
ԣһЦȻ˵ߣⳡսǣҪľǱԼóѡ
ţ
õ׵Ļش֮ȻǷǳˡ
ʥߣмö칬ҵ鵤ǣϣⳡս֮ǲҪκ顣
֮ǰ׻һóʮ컯Ƿŵʥߵ֮ϡ


197 ʥصķ£
׵컯Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ſֲǧٶöԴʥܵظ֮컯ͺٳˡ
ֻ˵ѳ֣˵ûбİ취죬űİ취ôҲḶ൱Ĵۣʥô㡣
ˣ׵컯Ȼܶ࣬Ҳһöһö
컯ڵļֵҪǰġ屶һЩ˵ǿһĴڡ
ŨڵϢƵĵҩԨʥùһö컯֮󣬶ʱ͸ܵŨ
ʵ칬ǰ͸йӴҩҲʥƳģƵĲ࣬ṩʥˣȻֵһЩϧԺڳˡ
ײϣĺԺʥ߸Լӵиң漴ͱһڣȻ컯˵˳
ҩ̺֮˾޴飬ƾս֮оԿҪãһսҾˡʥ֪һݴ񣬵ȷʵҪҩ
ӦõģΪⳡսġȻ˵
һ˵꣬ʥߺԨʥ߶¶һ˿Цݡ
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ʥһ˵꣬ͿʼĺԺԺȥˡ
׵֮Ҳһִѧʿĺȥ
֮⣬ԺһЩҲֱǴĺȥ
ͨͲôãΪǸطĿռޣܹ֮ܰʥ߹죬ԭΪΧСռι̡
ΧĻֻһףҪͶ뼫Դ
ֹؼʱֻ̣жĺԺ˵յſԽȥͨȻҲбѳԵûôȫ
ȻЩͨҲѡĺԺҲģʱҲû˻˵ʲôȽѹĺԺûбĻҲԻõܵκεĳͷ
ûа취飬Ϊͨûвսʸ񣬵ĴģսǴѧʿԲ뵽С

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ʮʥڸܵ˵һѾɺﲢûرĸˣԼԼ֮һʧ䡣
ĺԺѾ˴룬ĿǰƾʣûƻѾ޷ֹǵˡ
Ϊƻ󷨣ҪʥߣҲ֪һΪɱ׻ҪʲôĴۡ
ʲôǶԽܣױ
ˣʥضĻ˵̫ˡ
ɣʱѾˣ
廳һԱʥߺǸֳ꾳ʥ߱
ˣ
꾳һȡʮʥߵǿϢʱͳĺԺ֮С
ĺԺЩոѾ֪Ϣĸ߲㣬һʱ¶һ˿Ц
˵ʵһʼϢ֮󣬶ôϣںǣǾŮƭףֻϧʮʥߵϢ֮Ǿ֪һжġ
ȻʮʥߣȷʵǷˡ
ɣǵҲҪһͬܵظ
ÿԼʶһܵظ˳㿴һתΪʲô
ĺԺԺû˿ĽţѾ׼
УǵǺղŵ仰˵ʱ򴫱ĺԺܵ仰Ӱ죬һʱĺԺѪ
ǲͣĶ顢ѧϰΪĲһս𣬽ÿԱһǵʵ
ѧͦˣȻҵСҲ
ǵȻСԵĻҲ۳һǿԿʥ߻ûлᣬԸЩסǿԵġ
ѾȥأͨҲԿϵ
֮ϲʮʥߣ׼ĴڣĴҲʮ
еĹҪԶʥ߶࣬Ҳ֪ս֮󣬹סߵսԽһսȻʥĺܶ࣬͹׼ҲѣʥҪĸ
ʥҲ࣬ԼЩʥ߶ʥε֮ϣɲ塣
࣬ʥЭ黹вͻҾûʥЭսһҲǱذɣףôԸõĺƽȡһʥڿս֮ǰĺԺĸ߲˵ôһ仰
õĺƽۿȥǳֵãʵֻҪ׳ɳĻôضվ۷塣
УӵкƽǸģԼҲֻڳǩֶѣȵꡢǧǶ֮õĺƽԼҲԶϣʱ廹Ὺս
ĵطսֻҪƵĻôһԶ޷ı䡣
ĺԺʥȻһ㣬ֻĿʥߣκεĻش
ûйϵǵʥѾӦˡǸʥ߼ûлش𣬾׳һըԵϢ
仰һ˵꣬ĺԺˡ
ʲôʥؾˣôܣ
ȵȣϸһ룬ֶƭǵĸ֪ʥؿʥ͡¡ģǾԲʮʥֵ󶼲֪Ϣ
Ҳ˵ʥ֪Ϣǲû֪ͨǣȷʵ׺ЩĺԺ
⻹ʥ𣬻˵嵽׸ʲôۣȻʥشӦҪ󡣡
һʱ䣬ٵѧ뵽һЩ飬ʥҲ̲סĿ鼮
ͷȥˣȴûлӦټ˹ϵĽǱضǺʥشĳЭ顣ĺԺԺЦһ
ʥؾȻףⲻ׵ģͬȫġʥҲεҡҡͷ
ˡֻҪΣضҪĴԺߴһͬɢʥءԨʥߵĽ鼮
ʥе뷨ûȥֻ֤ǽµĳ֪ûƭǣֻʵǺѽܰˡ
ΪʵǰʥûзǵĻʱӦѾ֧Ԯˡ
һ㣬ǾĴԺ֧ԮӦҲʥֹˣڹȥôʱ󣬶ûһʥǰ֧Ԯס
ʥ𣬿ʥضʥӡĴԺĿռ䣬Ծʥ֧ԮҲʥصһɿԲȿռ
˵ʥܽʥƿأڹȻǡ
һ̣ĺԺʥȻս⣬ȴҲ֪ʤ㼸ûУ״ĿҲã


198 򽣳ϣ
ʥ񲻽¼ʥֺУͬʱлʥλ˻ᱻҪʥǩһ֣ǸȻźܶԼʥؾԼʥɹ֯κܹ֧ԮĺԺ
Ҳ˵һ̼ط֪ѣҲûа취ȡ
ĺԺʥҲھ֮С
Ҫ֪ĺԺĺȻǿʥߵĹҲԵֵһʱ䣬ֵطܹ޵ģһȥĻԳŲ̫ʱ䡣
ʱһôʧȥĺı׾ǿҲԵֵĴɱ
ΨһĺԺʥ߻еϣģ칬ףֻҪ칬ɳĻô׾Ͳκ
γֲƴĴҲҪʵһ칬׻᲻顣
칬ĸˣҵһεжʧܣӶʧ̫ʥߣôȻ۵Ҳڡ
ڵԭܼ򵥣Ϊ칬֯һ֯ĴԿĻôǾ㲻֯λɱ׵жҲᱻܡ
һǽҲΪ̽칬̬ȣȫõĺ֮ǣԴ칬֮֯Ѿôһˡ
칬벻һĺԺָܹİֻǸޱȵ칬ˡĺԺԺܶҲ˷˺ܶڵľܹ뵽ľֻ칬ˡ
ĺԺԺ˵֮ʥ̲ס˵׵˵ɣǸ˻֪ĺӻţײĺӣҲһȡһЩʱ䣬ϾǸʥصС
⵹һʥȻƹҺʥߵжʱԲ̫ԵִŶԣһпǸ˵ĺӣ˵лᡣĺԺԺ˵ʱǰͻȻһ
һ뵽׵ԸԼһǵĲ²ᷢĺָæ
ܹ˵飬ʥ֮ǰǿаץʥȥԭʥظûκιϵһݱ֤ʵôʥؾȨ׽ߣҲȨ͸壬ʱ޷άסĺԺԺĵ⡣
ΪһԺԺȻǷǳܵģѳһ
ЩʱŻܵʹĳͷھЩܵƻĺԺԺ׷ࡣ
鷢ļȻСһĳ֣֪ϻʲôӡ
صĻԺԸ
ȲҪ˵ЩˣѾܵʥ֮ʼӳֵҵˣȥĻǵʱʥӡԨʥڴǵ̸Ȼε˵״
ȻʥܹʥߣôȻҲͿġԨĺԺԺ
֮Ȼرǿȴǿʱ򼴱޷סǵѹһϻûġ
ʧȥһôֻҪʥ߶һͿʤˣһĻҪǲ߻п䡣
ҪĶһĻôӵֶΣȻɡ
ɶʥǰˣҲ֪ǵ׵õʲôôȻҪףĺԺ
ʥصʥǣ֪ʲôڰȡ
ʥԨʥǵ䵽˵͹ȣʵ벻ڵľ档
ɣ࣡
ʱ򣬻һ쳣ͻȻ뵽ʥߵĶУžһʥͻȻ
һʥ֮սܿͳˡ
ͬʱִѧʿǱҲսȻų࣬ɱĺԺߺִѧʿոնܵشսʱռơ
һϵĺԺĴսڿʼˡ

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׵ںִѧʿĴ֮£ܿͳɹĶС
ڽ֮󣬾ͷѾкüǰתƹˣЩоиһסķӵ
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УȺǣŮҲռһ룬ǵϢҲǳǿᣬҲС
ϺױͷϾʶģ֮£ܹϻŶٶе㰲ο
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仰ͺڽһ֮һرȵܵķӳ
ҲҪμսȥ𣿡һ䡣
ĺԺ֮սܲμӡǸִѧʿһЦ漴˵ЩʲôתȥͬʱҲӡĿռ䡣
ȵȣŮԺûеܡ
ǸִѧʿҪߵʱͻȻһŮ˳
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ֻһĿռ㱻׷ӡˣ֪֮⣬Ǵ滹Ǵ棬ʥ߶ûа취Ƭռ䡣
ȵȣŮԺڶʮʸģΪʲôȵΪʲô
ǸŮﱻ׷֮󣬶ʱüΪꡣ
˵Щ֮󣬻ɵĿףͬʱݺݵ˵㣬ĳ֣ĺԺҲ˴٣Ҳһͳ׷ӡ˻ᡣ
Ů֮ǰʵǳ׵ģ޷ִ£ʱͰһζﵽ׵ϣʵҲֻҪйһеˡ
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ҡŮָ΢ĬҪ˵Щʲô
ˣⲻ׵ĴѾˮ𣬾ǽǲΪҲһǿսҪԡ
͵׸Ҫ˵ȥʱ򣬹ͻȻվ˳
ϵһϬ˵֮ɨһڳ֮˵漴˵ǵĵ˲ף壬οⳡѶĺԺ˵γһ
ȹ˵ʱ°Ŀŵ׵ϡ


199 򽣳£
ҲʥߵĻ֪һʥءԺߴҶûа취ﵽˡ
ǣһʥƣǸط칬
ֻ˵׿칬˰æô칬λֵĴڣʥ߶Ҫ䣬ĺԺҲΪʥذĴڡ˵֮󣬱ڴס
λһֻڴ˵֮еļ𣬵칬ӵڵġ
Ҫǣ׻칬һԱ˾ýֺȥ붼֪칬ضǳΪֻҪ׿ϸһЩ۵Ļôǿ칬ĸǰġ
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һʱҲе㲻֪λش칬ĿľΪԣȻѾﵽˣͬʱ칬ĴҲΪеϣ
о仰˵ĻǾϣԽʧԽ
һβ칬˰æĺԺ帲Ļô칬ҲᱻɣЩĺԺ
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ôˣΪʲô˵ϼ׳Ĭʱǰһ䡣
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ղŹΪ˵ʱ»ϲڹ϶׷ɺȷʵ˲Թϳ˵⡣
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ﵹЩˣڡͶ򴫡ⷽϣȻ˼ǱϵĴۻûеġ
ͣԵȴʵʥ߻һΣȷʵǳΣա
Ļ֮£ϵҲܿõȶϵıȴ˱ˡ
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ײΪԼΣʵˡ
ң˵֮ڳ˶¶һ˿ЦǲûȥɻָףΪ칬˵ӡпһ㡣
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λС㣬ȻҲ֪˭ҶʾԵǸ⣬ô˵ȷʵŹϵһ취ĺԺȹһѹء˵仰ʱ߻ͻȻһɼǿĽ⡣
칬λ֣Ҳ帶ʹĴۣƴҵҲϧ
Ž׵ΧʱֳİõĽӰİѽĽӰ֮ϵнٵһʱ䷢˽

͸޾մݵ׵ߣǹ֮ȿֺ뵽Ӱ֮УİѽĽӰɺãȻЩʵ廯
֮⣬ϻһѵһǾеıڵλðݵˡ
Ľȳ򽣳
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һһ͸ȴɢżǿϢ齣ţͬʱҷһճĺԺĻ档
׼ǿĹҲԻˣ֪֮ԼݣԶĲ˵֪ҲлǸλãõΪǿĴСһЦ
ΪĿģϧ壬˶ԳƵ顣
ϧǣûܹ֪ҪǴҵļĻôͻϳеżơ
еһ뽣ǼƷϿսһնյǿᱦ
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ѽˣôܹ𾪡
Һýг䣬ûд뵽ֻ֮С
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ŵĿŶϿսݵķ֪ԣ󲻵ʲôܹöϿս
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ϿսˣҲ˵ĽҲӦóˣͺñȵͶ򴫡鳼һ㣬򽣳ܿͶ򴫡ϵ
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ˣһɺϣ
˵ʲôַܿˣ˵ϣԼˡ
ϧҲֻԼƭԼѡ
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Ȼǰ򽣳ϵϾ׿ʼ֮һֱעף˶׻ǱȽ˽⡣
ֻϧһǶôϣԼ´ˡ

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Ҳڽﵽһĵز֮󣬾˵ע֮£ѱīֽ͡Զʮ˳


200 ѣϣ
޾Ľӳ֮£óıīֽⶼɢϢ
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һΣѪΪīΪֽдİѹھµĽĽûг׳Ϊ飬ȴǵһŵļ
һ֮УİѽȻˣ󲢲ȫ
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ĽһɱҾƾһشʮʥߣɱǣҲҪǴˣĻĺԺлνѡ׻˼һһĽĽдˡԶʮ֮С
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ĵֵĿռ棬ͬκһ䣬Ǻ֮䶼ܹܵһܹնɱһеĽ⣬Ľսеʥ߶òͣ֡

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仰˵е뷨Ҳȥ顣
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ױ뵽ĺԺȫĺ֮УʹóǣͱҪ߳Ե֮󣬲ҰľǾͿøԶżȥɱˡ
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Чˣھ͸һ𣬲ԣɱףΪ׵ΧŸǿĽػԶżĴɱȴ׾١
̫ˣһԶżڣȡ׵ʣʥߵ˵Ǵ׬
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ϰźøĸǸ£ֻҪĺķһ򿪣ϻɱס
ò
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ʥЭǲ֣ܳЭҲֻвʱ䣬û׵İʱ䣬˵ܿͻȥġ
׵ĻʳѰ֪׻ɳʲôز
ˣŻ˲˴ۣϧĳֱͲƽȵԼȥʥ飬ʥҲ뵽һεж֮С
ˣԣһξʥȫҲҪס

ĺڡ
׻ר־д飬鷨˵ûнһʵļӳ֮£ȴѾﵽ˵дٶȷǳ֮졣
Ҳʮʱ䣬ױ½еݶдϣֻһЩϸڷԼһ¡
ҲʱĺԺһҲߵһǰȻҵһ飬ķ
ٶڴ󲿷вûʲôףĺԺڶ־оԵúǹˡ
֣һֱǳ׵飬Ϊ׵д飬ȴȥˣ־һ˼ǶҲͬ飬Ȼһ׷δһǹȥ˫ǳ˽⡣
ԣٶ󣬶־͵һʱ俴
Ҳ·ܵ˶־Ŀ⣬ȴû˿ᣬǰнԼע뵽Ǳ֮С
ֻǣһ־ϤһɴмǿѪζ
һ󣬶־ȻǺ⣬ҲһɲõԤС
ǣæȵϵ飬ֹ顣
־֪ԼͻȻĴ󺰣ܻᵽļƻ֪Ϊεܵǹɴһ˿Ѫȵ֮оһڶȥ


201 ѣ£
ͬ־һ㣬ʱڳ֮˶Ŀת
֣ôһ˿Ѫȵʵ
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ѪͫĴѪס㶼ӵУֻҪǾɱ¾Ұ޶ӵѪȵϢ
˵ӡһöֻ֪ѧʵʵҲǿԶ˵սܹĺԺһλá
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ɵǣǸĵص㣬þǶ־վĵطԶ־ûüڶεĹۿҪ׵֮ˡ
Ϊֹҵ롢ҵıҵѡһ󣬶־ԳһЦȻ˫ۣȴ١

ȻʱȴͻȻһͬʱһۿɼ˲˶־ǰȻֱһȭգ־˽ȥ
һ֮Ҳ˲䵭Ȼ󳹵׵ʧ֮С
֮գΪľһǶ˰Ĺĵʧ֮󣬱૵˵һ䡣
ǸӦ־ҪԲҪɱ־ģ˭ʱ̣ȻԼѶ־ŲƳ
ýĹһʱЩסˣΪʲôҪôΪʲôΪһϷԼ׼ꡣ
ˣȻҲΪһͣҲȥ׷ɱǸŵԺڵĲ䶼ɱȻʶģеźҾȻĳŵ
ʵֹǹ׿ղŵĺԺһʱҲˣҲ벻Ȼ顣
£϶кܶ¼鼮֮ϣȴû˼ΪĹɲʶκˣȻ׳⡣
ףȥܵظ
֮ܿҵдףȻܵĵߵĽǿȴû˿η壬ֱӾͶ׷˹
ף
磡

磡
ֵ˲䣬׵鼮Ȼһųд꣬¡顢˶


202 ɱϣ
ʥ֮µǿǿᡢͨƣܵظֵս½£Ѿǵ֮֮ס
ԣķ֮ȫһ亹
׵Ĺ⻷ȷʵǿʼˡʥߡʥȵȳƺţд֮ʱȴҪר־ֲκεľֵ˵Ĺ
ο˻һ
ڳ˵˶ǲְ׵ֵĻôд鼮ͱɡ
ǣǸԼǰȥ׵ֵЩҲ˲ͱնɱܹľӹһӵĹʱѡ
ӵʱ䣬ʵһϣȫһϣֻܹЩʱ䣬ϾǵҲǽʿһ
ڹȫһ֮£һµĽʿһʿûκ𣬳ǳһֿôŻֲͬı仯
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ĺԺԥҪҪףʵԥʱ򣬹Ѿºǵǰ
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ǲμӵ˴ж壬Ѿ׼ģܹΪȡɱ׵ʱ䣬ΪԼҲν
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ҪµˣԼȻɹд鼮ӵв̫ǿˣԼҲҪһʱ䡣
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飬ײ֪ԼܹܲܵסҲ֪ˣԼ᲻һΪС
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ǣڹΪµӦѾʱȴܵԼǰһʹһɼǿĳֱɳʮףֱӾײĺǽڡ
ĺڵ鵹ûܵΪÿһǰűģ˽ûеõĺԺҲѴ顣
ôܣҾȻԼĹȻ˲ԶܵĹҲأϾǹ˲û
ռ䱻ıˣĲܹģʥ𣿡һԵĹҲüͷһ壬Ȼ˵ڵ״
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ַʲô飬Ϊʲôռ䷨仯ˣ
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췢ɱתƣллˣж֮һл
ΪƵߣȻ֪֣ܹͨʱﵽ׵ģҲֻ֮ˡ

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µĻ׾ˡ
ߣдµıǿԽǿݾԽѣûʱЩԼˡ
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껥ַĴۣڵ˵żƣϾ϶ˣ׵֮ǰ鼮Ҳᴫ£ֻҪҲֵõġ
塢ʥ߶رҪ׵
ĺԺʥǸպ෴һʼҲʱ뵽˹ȵס
ȻͽһסôõĻᣡʥа̾Ϣš
ԭʮǰͿʼˣֻǳؾû׵飬ǸҲ뵽Σ֮СԨʥҲɵҡҡͷ
ȵȣһǿϢˣײ
͵ĺԺʥߣ׺µ˼ΪǵľԮʱסɱʱĺԺԺȸֵһǿϢ
Ϣг˸߹󡢹ϵϢĺԺԺȴڣڸܵǸϢʱ̲סĸоԼЩС
𣡡
Ҿ֪ǲ׵ģϾҶ塣
һĻǵþˡ
Ӧ˵ǵþȣ㿴칬ھ׾ͲˣֻҪײҲп׻ĳִǳֵġ
ĺԺ߲㣬ҲЩִѧʿڹƬ̺Ҳ΢һЩ
Ϊ֮ھ֮󣬲ûȥɱ͹ףⲻ֮ô֮û
Ҫ֪֮ڻǼ״̬ղáƵתΧĿռ䣬ѾǸ֮һҵ
ϾѾǳǿˣҪҪıռֹ˺׵Ļɲüһʥܹ֮ġ
ο֮ûͷͨĴҪ׶Ϻܶࡣ
ȻҲᰵж֮л
ףڹעʥ̫ˣû㣬ԽͿˣɱ֣һǿаߡ֮ܵ׵ĸл󣬾͸׻ظһ仰
׶֮ԣѾһõĶˣ
Σգ׺ߣһáƵֻۣҪⱾˡҲ˵뷨
ǣֻ֮ǳĬţûдӦҲûвӦ


203 ɱ£
ĺڵĹ׺֮ͨʱѾ𽥵Ļָжθһվ˵һ׺ڳǳƵĻ
ףռǿʥ߼ĹֶΣɿռ䣬Խ׼ҵһưɣ
һ˵꣬ͶʱһǿϢϢͼѾǳˣǾԱ
ûиıռԱĻͻ൱ʥߵһͨһһ
ĹԷղ֮Ŀռ䷨Ҳܵ˺룬ܻ
ߣ
Сģ
ˣôľ룬Ƕ
ɶ壡

ʼ׼Աʱĺڵеһ
Ĵǰֻ˵ûмټֻûбҵѧ˶֪ԼŲĲࡣ
޴Ĳ֮£ѡԱǾ͸ǲǻ·
ȫȫҪ
Ȼڻ׼ԱЩ¶־ɫ֮ɸеǿģ·һε˵ǳֵá
ΨһùˬģƽĿ·֪ԼٵʲôΣա
ף֪ܹҵ²ŮأͬѧأǶҪ
Ϊһ׷ŭҪͼŭס
ߣƴĻҷһֽţѡԱĻô㻹ʧˡĿżԱĹȻĽһָ
أ
һֱ֮󣬺ܿһɱ֮ͻȻ漴һڵĴֱڹĽ´ˡ
ŵĳ̫죬ԱĹҲûа취ƶڵһʱ֮еȥ
ڤ֮ţȻӵٻڤ֮ŵ칬ڰ㣡
ܵڤ֮ŵϢ󣬶ʱźһ䡣
Ŀǰԣе߲㶼֪ڤ֮칬ֶ֮ΣΪܵظ칬֮ģ׾ȻʹóֶΣôͱ칬֮ڰа
ټϸղ֮Ťתռ䣬Ҳ˵˿ڹעĺԺˣΪ칬λڰаס
ͬʱϣ塣ʥЩϣ࣬ɵİ̾һ
ҲģҲҪһұ
֮ڤ֮ʱڲԼﵽ۷״ֱ̬Աˡ
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һĻҲ͵ˣûܵظҲ˶á
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ллˣȻܹס֮һԱҲһ뵽ı֮С׶ڤ֮ŵлɢȥڤ֮š
ڵ˵ٻڤ֮ɷǳۣղܰİ׾޷ôͰѹϽȥ
УԱ״̬Ļ׾ٻڤ֮Ҳ޷κιϾ״̬޷κηġ
ˣôˣ
׼󣬶ʱһԾ˲׿⣬Ȼ𾪵Ŀס
ڹ׶ԣȻ׼ȴһΪûб׵ϡ
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׵Уʵ¶ȴһֻҪԼͻĸо
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ҲǴһʼŴһᣬץסˣ
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һĻʥԳ֣ȻѧԶżһʱ仹µûа취
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ʥҲʱףǵϲûη塢µ飬еֻڴ
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ⲻΪģֻΪƣȻҪʥǱ߿һʥ֪ǵľԵжô޴
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ʥ󣬶ʱһʵ廯Ư
ףڻȪ·ϵ㣬
ʥǿʧȥҲ˵ֿܹܵظûţͷץĻôٻܹϴ¡


204 ׼ҡҹңϣ
ʥĶףǰĻʥһѡ뿪ȻѰһϾûϣҲһ
ʥûѡ뿪Ҫŭף׵עȻʥᡣ
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ϧʥĻֻ֮һ漴ͻΪһƬʧԭء
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ʧǰôһ仰
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ʥһʼ֪ʲô˼Ǿ͵ƶһѰȥʱȴͻȻܵһҵʹ࣬漴ͬһ㳹ɢˡ
𣬾ô򵥵ıնɱˣתĻᶼûС
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һİѽûв´ĻÿһѽֻܹͷųһҲ˵ֻҪٹ׵ͻľ
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ٵʥߣʥֻɱκһ׵ɢȥ֮󣬾ǵ֮ʱһʥ߶մһԴ˱еķŭ
û취ʥʵ̫ˣղѹĺԺ˭֪дһ飬һΪǿһ顣
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ǹǸʥߣ׶ûпȥæΪ״̬ǰһҲܹڷι
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ˣ
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205 ׼ҡҹң£
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ʥأͽˡʥʥ˵һ䣬˾ʧ֮С


206 ʥϣ
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лˣ
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ֻǣʱȴѾʥߣµ˱


207 ʥ£
ʥԱȻв֪ʥµ˱һһʱе벻ס
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λλ֮λҲʥصʥҲڴ֮˳
ңʥһҪӳƽʱ䣬ѣʱ˵Ҫʱ䣬ӴԣԿһʥߣлڳֳԽš
һλʥصʥҲͻƵλڿͻȻֵİжʱͽгĽλ
˼ǣʥʱǸʥҲͷһۡ
һۣʵû̫˼ȴһɷǳܵĸоԼһǳ˼ĸо
ȵȣʥĳֹϵԸĳֹϵ˵ĳֹϵΪʲôҲ֮ʲôϵǸоӦòİ˲Ŷԡ
ʥͬӳʱ䣬ױҪ
ʧ̫ˣ
λʥֺҲԼҪ
֪ĺƽʱӳ꣬ȷʵȥЩˣֻҪĻһлֵõġ
ϾĵزĴɱѾ𲻵κˣ֮ڳţǻлʹֶδɱ
ȻֻҪǩЭĻȻ׽ǡʥͷѾ׵ľܹٻ˵ǳֵá
ǣһ˵֮ĺԺ߶ʱը˹
ʥôܹȻףţ㲻ô
Ͳ䵱ʥûʸ񷨺ʵ
ϣδʥҪôǴǵʬ̤ȥ
ʥѾûбҪˣʥҲؽܵͷ
ĺԺ֪ʥѾﵽλǻΪʥֻʥߣһʱ䶼վ״򱧲ƽ
죬˵ˡ
ʥû˵ĺԺԺʹ˵ĺС
֮ԨʥҲε˵ǰ鵽زѾܹҵˡ
˵֮ʥҲһѿĿ·ף˵һ䣺ףԲ𣡡
ԺڵǸΪʲôҪǸ
ѲԺԺҲˡ
Ϊʲô׷ʲô飬ѲɾΪʥһ仰Ǳ㶼Ҫȥ
ڶΪĺԺԺԺѾˣղΪսڵ̬ȴ˲䡣
ҲҪΪԺˣ㣬ΪʥѾ뵽λλǲǿҪǲʥЭơ׿ЦŰˡ
Ȼƽȴ̺һε⾳
޳컯ŪˣҴʥҪҵҲø㹻Ĵۡ
˵ϵİɫҲ˲ŨΪְ֮һ˸׵Եʡ
˳۵ļӳ֣ҵʥĹϵǾ˾ȻƣΪ˵Ϣ̫󣬹Ƴ̶Ȼﵽ˷֡
֣׵һʱͻǲǸʥʲôϵأûȥǡ


208 £ϣ
ʥ׵ı仯֮󣬲ûгǰ𾪵飬ǹϢļӳ֮£ܿʹﵽ˿Ⱥִѧʿƣʥǰɲֵһᡣ
ףֿɣĵֿ͵ٲ֮ءʥ֮󣬲ûֱӶ֣Ȱ˵һ䡣
˵ʵȻվʥλ֮ϣΪԼѾһһֻΪķչܶǵԼźʱɶһ֮ġ
֮ĲûҪŹףϾʥʽ˼ѾˣҲֹֻһѡ
⣬ĸӵ˸飬ʣףֺ֮ܿն»ع鵽ʥĽɫ֮ϡ
ھôʱΪԼѾ˵һУɵ֮ʱжٻепġ
ȻһϤĸо㲢ûʸҷ׶ʥ˵һ䣬ɨһΧȻ˵콵˹Ҳ콫Ҳȿ־ǣշзΪԡ
һ̣˵ԣεԸ֮ǰԲȫһΪǽ龭еٻ˳Ȼеԡ
ʵʱУʥȫлףûѡô
ȻҲڰϧû뵽ԷȻȫں
Ҫֵ֪֮ټĺԺеӳ֣Լ֮İԵҪ֮ǰɻսʱٻǿ
ԷǿǴ˵֮еλɣѾⷶΧ˵ӦֻǼ͵ɣ֮ɣҲҪǿ̫ˣܹľαװһƴȫ״̬Ȼڳûߡ׵˼ת֪Լλĸ֡
Ҫǣ֮ҲܿλȻ֮ǰҪλǿڵȴС
ڣԻ
ڸܵԵѾﵽԼƵ߽޺󣬱һȻ֮ѾΪ֮۵ԣ˲䷢̬仯Ȼͬһ֮һ㣬˲ʥϡ
ʥЩսʥߣſ׵һ֮󣬶ԵЩ΢΢𾪡
Է̬仯׻治򵥡
ԹܹʹԵûмˣӵֶεĶضʷΪһֻϧȴҪĨɱš
ΪҲûа취飬ϾʥѾͻƳΪλǻ׵Ļλôһ֮սʤʲһɡ
Ϳ칬ѡˣʥڲʵϻǹ˼칬칬λʾȫ֧ף֧Ļôʥı칬λûκαʾô׾͡
ʥصһЩ֪ʥߣ֪ʥΪףҲʥڻֵҪԭ
ǣǵЩ֮УҲóһ㶼ΪʥģȻΪûκλܹʥв

ĺԺϷ
ʥվ֮УĿǰɵı£ûκεĵֿ
ˣ
ѽʥϺ󣬲ûз𺳵ıը죬Ҳû̫Ѥɫʣеֻһ󲻿ɲ΢ơ
Ȼ㡢κηɡǻڰ֡־٣仰ǳ͸Ըһ׼˶Է֮оεĿЦһ
Թһ˵ǿֳ⾳Թǻֱӿʱŵ飬һԷ¥־ᶨĻôͻܼ˺пԶʧڻ֮С
Ҫһ㣬Ǿ鿽֮һӾ൱һ¡һ꣬ʱ򻹻ᴦں޷״̬
ˣԹŷǳǿᡣ
ԵĹҲһ׶ˣǾֻ̬Ǿǳǿǿᵽʩ˵ʮԼǳᶨᶨԻ̬ĵزôĹͲǸκ˺
ףԹȷʵǿе鿽ʶԣʥеĻҪסһʱ䣬Ҳ޷ȫߣǡʥҲ׵Ĺ˵ʱһǡ
˵֮׵ɫʱһΪ̬ȾѾڸĹЧˡ
Ȼ֮뵽ʥڲʱʱһҫ۵İ׹ֱӾͰЩִȫ˳
Щ׹⻹ʥͷ֮ϣγһңźܶˣһ֮Ȼֳһǳ֮ЩƣʱߵϢ̫ˡ
֮ϢǸ߹󡢹°Ϣȴƫºͣ˿һ۾̲ס׽֮顣
ҵľԻ˵ңʥ֮ڻɢ׵Թ׽һԴ
һĻҲǳûа׷ˡ
ƾԼľͻҵĹҵĹûеõκεЧ治ʥصˡ̾һʥ֮ǿ
鵽زҲ׼սȥĻԼ˵Ǳذɣ㰵е֮Ȼ뵽Ӱ֮С
Ҹܵڵ֮ģǴӽӰ֮ˡʥ֮׸һжʱ򣬾˵׵뷨
һ£ʱе
ԭˣֻҪﵽλͿԸܵӰ𣬾ǲ֪ûֶν뵽Ӱ֮СаһΪӰ׼
ʵϣʱԽ뵽Ӱ֮УһҪ취ºҲߣֻǶһ뿪Ļ˵ûʲô塣
ɣȻû֮޷뵽Ӱ֮Уȴֹ롣ʥ·𿴴׵뷨Ȼ̧˫֣һһץĶ
ˣǿѹ֮Ȼ˲ͷΧĿռ䣡׿ʥ֮Ĺ֮Ƶٻ˳ȻҲľʹó췢ɱתƵҪ
ϧǣλεǿᣬźܶӳ֣Ҳֻӳһӵʱ䣬Ȼʥ֮۳ָ
ˣȻҲ㽻壬ǡʥ֮ޱĿף·׾Ҫһ㡣
Ļ˵һʱ˲һɿϢĳ˲ʥ֮Ľ֮ϡ
꣡
һ֮£֮۳ֱ֮ӾͱƣҲ»ɡ


209 ££
ͻı仯ʥûκα飬ֻĶ˵Ϊȵɱĺ𣿡
仰һڵܣԼ֮˵ݡ
ʲô˼ʲô˼׵Ȼ֪ȵ˾ԼֻΪʥ֮˵ԼǸ˵ĺӡ
Ҫ֪Ĳд䣬ΪĸĸǶѾˣ˭뵽ʥ֮Ȼ˵һйصˡ
ɱֻû뵽Ȼƭҡһ˶У漴Ҳ˳
ŮˣѲĸףһɱԼĸףĲЦ𣿡ײŵĿŸոճֵŮȴĻش
Ů׿ʱҲһۣһۣǳȷ׾ĺӣȻָ壬ˡ
ףȻĺӣʵֻѡŮ׿һ˵ʵ
˵ĸϱһǳ˵飬ϧŮƽû˿ļ
Ǳߵ֮ҲǸֳһ˿мЦݣûĻ
̬ȣȻŮе㾪ȣͬʱҲһ˿˿ʧ䡣
Ϊ࣬ÿһ˶õк֣֮ܶİ顢ֵ֮塢ĸ֮飬ϧ˵ױͲףףҲһҪɱԼĸκκøС
ĺӶûκθ飬㻹Ǿʹ˰ְɡʥȻϣʥ飬ΪһҹҵĻͻ÷ǳ鷳
ҹңʥڵĵһȻʥλñ׼ռˣҹҵɲǰ׼ܹģ׼ռеΨһƾӵһλ
Ҳҹҳ֣ΪһҹҸ׼ҶĻôʥҲʵˡ
Ӧ֪ҲĺӣĳӣҲʥѡ֮һƾݣûʸףûʸ͸塣ʥһͬʱҲĸ˵˳
ʥһ˵꣬ʱĺԺйۿĵط˲ը˹
ɣ׾ȻʥҹҶʥĺӡ
ʥҹҵĶʥǶʮǰΪŵǵɱ¾ۼģ벻׾Ȼǵĺӡ
ˣҸʥһս׷ʥֻϧʥֻϲʥǲ˾Ȼ˹ϵҶʥʥĺӡ
¾ͽ͵ͨˣֲ׻ţԭǿҵѪ
ˣʥ֮ȻҪ͸壬һʥ֮飬һ׸𣿡
ʥ֮Ѿûиˣ浣гһ᲻Ƕɱ
֪׵֮ʵû̫𾪣ϾұͶ׳ƽе㲻ţкܶ˻ǶĴڣֻԶɵת
ںˣ֪ǿİ׼Һҹ֮ӺǾΪɾҲȻġ
ʵϣ׵ĳɾ͸ǰëǮϵûС
ȻҵĺӣΪ룬ұҪɱʥɼּʥĳȻеѰ죬յľ˵ǲġ
ϧǲɱҵĺӵģ˵ҪĻҲҪҵϣ
ʥһ漴Ͷһק˲佫һɢ޾ǿϢĽɫ鼮ֱӴ֮ק˳
Ȿ顭Ҫز𣿡ʥǱɫ鼮֮˫жʱصɫ
ִҪ˺ҵĺӣôһ¡¡ɡʥ˵仰ʱгš
¡ⱾȻҹұ棬ʮûܹõκΣʹⱾȨ˭飬ʥȴһ㡣
ǰĵʥΣλΣҪ֪ⱾʥǿһҲʥһġ¡
ֻҪһ֣ʥӵһս֮
¡벻ĸ׾Ȼӵԭһ֮󣬼Ҳ𾪡
֮һʣĪǡ¡ˡ
Ϊʲôطõĵһ飬ʿǵıũĸֹߵȵȶһ飬˵ûС¡Ļôͱˡ
֮ǰֻ֪Ȿһֱʥرܣ˭Ȼĸϡ
һ㣬Ǿǡ¡ǿԹԣ˿׵ġԶʮΪⱾ̺ѹ˵Ĵڡ
¡ٻ󣬲һ𾪲ѣǱߵ½λҲǳصĿһ顣
ǰֵǧġ¡ڳⱾĻ˵Ϳһٻ塣
У¡̫ǿˣҪⱾϻżǸŮȻλֻⱾͿλһʤҲֻɡ
̫ˣһʧ˻ĻҲûлѹˡ
ڵĻҲûлѹˣΪʥ˵֮󣬳㡢ȥ׻Ȼ˭ɱõס
ǰš¡ıεжʧˡ
ʧôʥߣûдﵽҪĽֻܹİ취ˡ
λȻǲģǼ¡ֵ˲䣬֪жʧˡ
λȻȥ׻Ϊһκһô嶼˲չƣʱȱһλǣѵֵʥͶʥĹ
ڵĻǻռƣϾʥ˵λʵϻλڼĲɲһ㡣
ȷ˵ʥκʥֵĻôʥıټϡ¡Ĺͻﵽλ
ûʥıȥλôܵĿ϶ʱĳ̶ѡ
ʥҲ뵽һ㣬뵽֮С
ĺԺʱ뵽˳֮С
λҲڵȴʥѡֻҪʥ߼ѡô׿϶Ǻѵġ
ǣʥ뷨ôǾֻܹʱ뿪Ȼﱸսˡ
벻㾹Ȼõˡ¡Ͽɣһ㵹û뵽˺һʥ߲ε˵һ䡣
仰Ҳŷ׵뷨


210 ػ֮ģϣ
ܵ˶ʥĸ棬ʥǷףһҲ͵֮սѾɱˡ
Ȼʥߺλ޷ɱףôҪǿսȻսʤֱ࣬ӱױڲɱǱɱ
ԵĻõľֱ࣬ڵ뷨
ʥӦ֪ʱѾ뵽ʷΣ֮У߻Ϊλʥ̲סʥ˵һ䡣
˵ʵӵЩս֮ΪλǶеη׻ɳ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿױ칬
ʥӦ֪ʷļأÿһοսӭһµʱһεսֱӾǿ˳ʷ̨ڶ֮·塢ԶŴСѪϾԵĴս֮ΪһΪδսۣʥʷ
ЩʷʵʷҲͨ˸֪ʷԴӽĴ½鶼֪һ㡣
УĴҲΪĻõ֤ʵ
սȷʵֳָı䣬Ҳȷʵл˸ĴۣͬҲΣ𣿡ʥȻı뷨ô;Բڶͳͷˡ
ʥš¡ԭʱʵ̫ˣλò
ߣȻѾ˾ǾͲҪˡ
Ȼ޷ɱףʧôʥߣһѵĻʵ˵ȥ
λʥһ漴һĺԺ·һĶ
׳ƷС磬翴ȥҲֻСһ־¶˲˶ʮϣȻÿһӶϵ¶ȵš
ƺ㣬·ûκεĹǵ˲䣬ڳڵ嶼ɫ䡣
ʱػ֮ģȻȡöػ֮ġ
ػ֮Ŀ֪ƷУǿĴڣһػ֮ĵ൱ʥԱ
ػ֮һµĽƷһöԻһͳУսǾȻĺԺʹãһö
ˣѾܴˡ
ĺԺˣӴ֮ĺԺһҹ
λӳ˵ػ֮ʱ˵Ʒƺԡ
ĺԺһ̶¶һ֮ɫԺ˵ǼһȻػ֮ĳֵ˲䣬ѾעҪˡ
Уھ˸ղŵǷս֮ĺԺҲֻʥߺӵĺԺ˶޷Լѡ
ʱΨһܹﵽǵģֻʥͶʥˡ
ʥλĴڣҪĻԿڵػ֮ıըǰͰ˶ȫתߣһͻ뵽һʱڣλпܻץסɱ
ΪˣʥȻҲ᲻ЩȴҲûпЩһֱۣƿ뿪
λĴڣ濹ػ֮ҲҪˣοȻѾɱˣҲûмˡ
ʥ֮뿪һϵʥҲͶ֮뿪
ʥ֮ĺԺôܹЩľֻжʥ
ʥա¡ԭǿĻƾµֵסػ֮ĵһĻͲǽ뵽ˣҪˣصˡ
һѡ񣬲֪ʥ᲻ᡭ
ҺԺսʥߣʥ뿪֮󣬾ΨһܹĺԺˣֻʣ¶ʥһˡ
ֻϧʥߵķŶǶԼӶɱοЩûйϵ
˶ʥʥ뿪֮ҲֱӰѡ¡Ȼ׵ǰ
ʥҪڽ׵֣ͷƺ׵Ļе̫ˣ΢ͣһ£͸Ŀ˵СףȥʥذɣĺԺѾ޷ȫˣֻʥض˵ȫġ
ԼŶӣʥȻȥ˲ٵķԵĸеԼһھΡ
Ͼףɱס
һҲǾֻһͨӵܣ˵֪׵ĴڣҲ˿ĸопܼ˰ѵû꣬Ҳǳɱס
׵ĳɾѾԽһʥߣԶʥ׻صԼߵ뷨ֲϵһ©ͬʱԴʥҪǻԹԼҹҵ
ǳʥγɵ˼κܹõĶǺõģκòĶûõġ
ңڶʥԼ¡¶ˣټԼô׾ԸĻΪµ˵ĻԼΪ֮׶ߡ
֮ǰ¶Լõ¡ϿʱʵҪĲʥλΪľǵõ׵Ͽɡ
źǣڶʥ˵ֻ֮ǵ˵Ҳʶ㣬ҲҪİѵΪûİҾ޷ȹĽѣ
̬ѾˣǾһҲϣʥӴʵϵʥ֮׵ĴȻǳҲ·ġ
ο׵·һ磬һλҲ޷ǰ硣
ʥ˵ֵܹУ˵ҲһЦΪ֮İ
֮սһʥ߶򲻹áƵȡʱĻٲжѡ
ˣ֮ǰŸҪʥİ
ȻڵղͬҪ뿪Ļɿ뿪߼Ҳû⣬ɹؼĺԺʱûһʥǣҲٶ뿪Ļǵ³ֻһˡ
Сףûа취еˣػ֮ĽȻҪʮʱ䣬Ǹûл룬һ˰Ѹйϵߣϸ뿪ʥ״˵һ顣
˵ػ֮Ϊ̫꣬λʱҪʩӼǿķӡӡǶʱڿԴ򿪵ġ
ˣӵػ֮ıͷųըʱ䣬Ҫʮҡ
ʮλʥλִѧʿԼûиŵ£ǿ뿪ģʥλĴڣԶ뿪
ǣܹҲֻܹˣػ֮ڴб׳ôҲܹ߼ʮ˶ѣʣµĶҪ


211 ػ֮ģ£
ػ֮ȻǿҪʱͷŵԣҲܹɱʥ߼ĸ֡
ǿսȴڴģɱҪľ̶ȵɱطɡ
ϾͨĻʣһȺʥߡִѧʿʲôá
ͺñĺԺڶ״Ļôٻδʧһʥߣͬʱʧ510ȵĺִѧʿԼʮѧʿ
ʧڻֲĻλĻ̫ˡ
˵ʵδʧںںһԼ뿪ĻôͻᱳЩҪĻ׵Ȼʥأò˵ҲΡ
ΣײȥӦԣȵھ档
ĿǰܹﵽˣʣǰĶʥˡ
̬ԣȻܲʥǲò˵ʥ֪ҵѣһҪ󣬾
ز֪ԼֻܹºˣҲΡ
ȻǴ̫ˣҲܶ࣬Ҳܡʥ֪׿϶ҪҪһʱͰ˵˳
ֻǣĻû˵꣬ͱ׸ˡ
ǣһὫͶ򴫡ҹҵķ˵
ҹңڸղҹʥߵʱ֪ġ
˵ײҹҵжǿȴ֪Ͷ򴫡жļ룬̸֮Ҳ˽ףκε顣
Ͷ򴫡Ȼǿҹӵ£ԡʥĻشе⡣
Ͷ򴫡ȻҪԼ뵽˵״̬ôͻԼֺܴǱΣΪһȥðա
ȻͶ򴫡޷ôټһأһ󣬾ͽƵ˳
һԣȻǲȥʱҲɲˡ
Ψһ׿ԽܵǣƵȻһֻܹǳηĶšе۴ӳ֮ǰǸѿеİ塣
Ȿ˵ĺôǿֳִ˸ܵĻ귽ϵϵŲСá
ʵ㲻˵Ȿĺôݣ͹ƾⱾĽλҲöʥĶˡ
飡飡ʥϵ鼮˵Ľλ
ʥʵ֪칬ӵ飬ǵԭʱȴ𾪲ѡ
һ˽׵ˣƶԷĴɱԽ뷨ˣֻѾ̫ʥ֤ʵҪɱ׵ĻҪ۵ģ˶ʥûȥһ㡣
СףΪʲôܹó飬칬ʲôϵôܰʹȨ㡣ˡƵ֮󣬲ûȥ˼׵Ҫ󣬶Ƕ׷һ䡣
칬֮ӵҲܹ˵칬˵飬˲䱻Ĩɱ㲻ҪҺ칬ĹϵֻҪصҵ׾Ȼǲȡ
һֱĬʱ䣬֪ھػ֮ıըʣʮˣҪ˵ʥС
ټȥĻƾԼΣˡ
ֳȷʵҪѾˣһʼĻһа취á¡ֿǵڵĻʥ˵ʱεҡҡͷ
Ŀǰػ֮ıըֻʣʮˣʥȥֵҲˡ
ôٻڤ֮ŽǴܵظǴ֮ţתƵӰĻҲԽ⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬׾뵽һ취ɾ͵׸Ҫжʱ֮ˡ
еģڵػ֮ĵķӡֽţǾһпռ䲨ػ֮ģǾͻ˲տռƿӡȻըԱ˵ٻڤ֮źʹ֮ˣΧʹÿռǡ֮ѺǼʱ
ʵҲǣλֲɵôô
ңһҲʥ뿪ǰƶһλòƿյġ
ɶѲɾûа취𣿡ײĵһ䣬ʱ뱬ըֻʣӵʱˡ
ʱҲЩãˣȻ֮ȴԺ˵ףдͶ򴫡ʱջ񡣡
ջ񣿡Ͷ򴫡ʱ̣
֮һѣͻȻһƾ۳ʥҲһֱӣһֻռĹʱ̡
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ףԭ԰ߣΪ㲻ܹԺҪǺ޵һҲνˡʥ֪Ѿ뵽˰취
е㷢ΪѾĺԺˡ
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ʥҲһֱǱߵѾһ׺Ͷʥ뷨
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212 ʱ
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׶ԣʱܹ֮ϣȫΪдʱϵԵʣһȥ֮󣬾ǡͶ򴫡Աĺ̳УǹʱǾûпܵġ
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ʹʱҪ۵ģȻڿȥѪЩֲ⣬ĵطûʲô󰭣ܹĸܵڷšĺԺԺ̿ڹ׵״̬
׿ĺԺѧ˸ĺԺͬ˵ѡϧΪĺԺȵԺȻޱȵĸпˡ
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һĺԺԺЦ˵벻ΪʥߵңȻҪһԺҪҾȻ޷ΪЩʲô


213 ľʥ
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ףʱ䣬Ϊȡ˵þȵĻᡣ
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ĺԺĺִѧʿѧʿһƬѩ
ѩķΧȻ󣬵һĻǰ˶
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ںϣϸĿŶʥÿһ
׶ԣʥԺһˣڶ˽һǷǳбҪģǶʥϵġ¡һ׷ǳбҪȥϸ۲졣
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ЩأҲһڼΪϡǿļ֮С
ڵԣԼ칬֮УѴЩϡǿ֮лùڡ¡鱨ϡ


214 뿪ϣ
ʥѡ񲻽úܶĺԺһͬҲйעһսһʥе㲻ܹʥ
ԵɵĻҶǳǾһʥΪԵʴӶܵشĻôǾͻʧȥʥ
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ҹҵһ߹ۿĺԺ״һ˼Ҫΰ󻯵á

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ھͳĵ䷶ЩĺԺһ̽趨Ŀꡣ
һߣʥ³Ѫ֮Ҳܿĸʥߡ
ֵעǣĸʥߡһǴһӳҪԶĸʥĸʥǿϺܶࡣ
ĳϣðɣ
ĳϣϿö鵤Իָľ
ĳϣڵ״̬̫ΣˣǱҪϻصʥ֮С
ԹͿʼѯʶʥƣҸæҹҵ鵤˳öʥȥ
鵤֮ԺϢҩƶɣһö鵤ͿԻָѧʿһɵʥʹõĻȻﲻôЧǻָҲûġ
Ҳǰٷ֮Ʒǳ֮Сڶʥ˵Ҳǲˡ
ֵȥ׵Ļôں޷״̬µ׳ѡ񱬵һ鼮ȻҪ˻ɱ


215 뿪£
ȶʥ鵤֮Ҳǰ˵ҴĺԺл㡣
лֵĸлΪػ֮ĵĹҲûа취Ϊʱֻܹȥʱ䣬ǶʱҲûа취д飬˵ʱΨһܹĺԺľǶʥˡ
ʱʥûѡĺԺȻӶʥȻڶʥѾͬʱ˼ΪӴĴۣôȻҲǳл
öҿɲΪĺԺôģȿȡʥ׵ĵлͬʱ¶ɫһ鼮顣
˵ʱ򣬶ʥһѪ
һΣĿʥѪûأͿٵˣɴ˿ɼЩѪҺ¶ȼߡ
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ңҲĸܵ¶һСȻȺСҲһϣ
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ĳϣǱǴ˼ҪúϢȻ׼ӭӽĴҡ
ҹҵʥ߲ʱѶʥȫΪҪһĺԺƷǳİȫɶΧ˾衣
ĳϣԭʥҹҵλģɴ˿ɼҹҵȷʵС׶ĳƺзһ
ڷ֮󣬶ʥҲ˵ףھ͸һʥذɡ
һһ칬ҵû꣬Ҫʱ䣬һȥʥءװ˵칬档
ڸղţ׽Ӷնɱʥߵʱ򣬺ܶ˶Ϊ칬ڰаףʱҪΪ칬飬ʥû̫ĵִ
칬Ҳã
칬ʥһ취ûУڰ̾һ͵ͷӦס
ҳֽúãֻҪ˺ôͻҹҵȥ㡣ʥһ˵ţһ߰һֽס
Ҫ֪ʥصĵطǷǳңԶصģƾԼĻ˵ˣ춼Ѷҵʥصλá
ˣʥŻҳֽҹҵʥֽͨҵףȻҹҡ
Ƿ⣬ʥûȥ롣
ȣʥȷʵǲܣΪʥص̫ǿˣôֻҪؾڣ׸·ӡ
ΣǾĵ˶ѾҹˣײԺһֱһ˵Ļǿ϶ܹߵġ
ʥͶ׷ǳķġ
һȥ㡣׵ͷžͰֽ
֮ʱע⵽ҹʥ߰Ŀ⼯еֱ֮ϣϧȴʲôûп
ǵ֮ױаһҹʱ𣬿κһǳҪǸ
һˣ˵ʱѾһ칬֮ǸıﲻܹƿصģҵԼŹʱ̶ټ
Ϊ˲˼ʱ̵飬׸æְ칬˳
ռ޵УʱϣϻܹʱĴڡһҹʥ߸пһ䣬ͬʱҲ˸ղŵĶ
ʵҲûʲôεģΪеһ̶Թʱ̷ǳĺ棬Ҳ⡣
ʱ̣ʱ̣ѵ칬֮𣿡
ôһ˵ģͻȻ뵽ʱ̣ǹʱּòƲ֣ͨȻṹôһƣǵ֡
ֵֵ֣ʱֻ̣칬׳һ̣ǲܹ˽ʱ̵һС
ҹҵʥ߱ĳ˻⣬Ϊһʥߣ˭òʱء
ʥôҵķϣҾʱѺνϣܹٻָơûȥҹҵǼʥ۹ʱ̵飬ǰѺν˶ʥ
֮ôΪʥĸΪʥΪĺԺôصˡ
׵ʥһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
˵ллɣʵǶʥӦõģο׻ĺӣʲô˵һ㲻
͵еεʱҹҵһʥڷ׵ĺκ̫ïʢˡ
СĵĴһº󣬶ʱ˵ףǧ꺮ͨǧǣݾǧꡢǧĺ
ʥѹĺܵˣΧʥ߾ǴѧʿҲ˺εݡ
εȻˣÿԻʥڵ˶ʥҲ뵽ǧĺΣĻôҵƲ¾ͿԳ׻ָ
ָƸ׻ָżģû׵ĺΣǶʥӵǿԴҲҪµʱָһȻһҵʱ䳹׻ָ
һӵǧҵĺΣô㲻ʹЩԴڳ׻ָ
ʱ̵زҹҲе̫ķա
ϾΪϵĶңô㱻λĴڴѹżҲҪҲܹԪˣȻ󽥽ѹơ
֮ǰʥð֮顶Ƶ׼ҵѹƣ˺εİôʲôҲνˡ
ʥţʥҲ֪εݺ϶Ҳ˳׽ҹʥص뷨ΪѾǲܵˣ취ٵΣʥʥصķ򣬼λҲܹΥ
ܺãҵƻָܿһһָƾͻ㡣ʥڸ˵һ仰ŹٻָƵĻᡣ
һΣֻǵͷû˵֮תĺԺԺǱȥ
ʥʲôû˵ˣȻе㲻ζҲûֹֻǵȵߺкҹҵ˴صʥء


216 
ˣǼ򵥵뿪ĺԺ뿪֮ǰиĺԺĸ߲ʶ˴һк
ȻײĺԺؽ뿪
ĺԺԺ߲Ҳ֪뿪ԭͬʱҲյҹҵľ棬ǲκףʥصѹȺĺԺ״ǻǷ뿪
ȻҲһЩҪᰵиףҪҲʱ޿̲ѰŻɱ׵Ļᣬ֮͸æȥ
ǲŸո뿪ûãͷͻȻʧ֮Уʥɳи׵ʥߣûܹ׵Ӱ
Щ׵ǳģȴòѾӵԱ֮Ҳ֮ǰֻҪһʥ߾ͿԻɱˡ
һʹģ̫ʥߣȴֻĺԺһЩͨץ
޷йеŭǺǾͰĿתƵ֮УֱӶ߹еĴ˹
һؽϽҴһעؾ÷չرעĹңһʱͶԴսˡ
ȻǺܸߣǲȴ൱ۺ߹ܹ֮ŽǰһĽûеô˳
ȻʵԣҪȵĴǿʮֹǲһɳȫֻ̽ԵĹһ£Ȼһҵķӳ

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ҸǽұܾĺԺ飬ͻȻܵ˿ռ䴫һ޴ĲʮʥֱӽٵĺԺ֮ڡ
ʱһڿջ㵸˵һս
ֻϢʵܴȻֵǿջȴǻĽζ·Ǹ겻ǴϢһ˵һ㡣
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˵ʱвŮҲвкãȻҲһЩ̫ŵĿ¶мɫ˵ôûеҵģҲûǰ뿪ġ
ͦˣؼʱ̵ˣ͵ǸۿҪɱһʱŭͻȻһȻֱ֣ٻİӵмǿɱĽİѽһͽذֱĨɱ˹ףԼʥߣ
˵˵ţ˵дɽʱӣ͸ʵԶˡ
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˵Ǿ仰֮һŴЦһ䡣
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߲һһѧʿĴڣڽһ֮󣬲ŷ֮Ĵڡ
֮һ׻˵ֻҪ֮ȥһЩõ飬ô棬֮ûнȫĻѧʿ޷ע⵽
ҵЦ䣿Ȼ޷ģµġ֮ǸѧʿĻ֮󣬲ûѧʿ⣬˵Ц档
Ϊ˳׵֮ǿѧĸȥ˵ģղŵǸ˺˵֮ʱôһ˿ЦκװЦʵǲҹά
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֮ı׵òʣԴѧʿ벻Ȼ׵òҲȥǷ롣
ˡ
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һԽԽǿˣЩϼһѾʱˣҲ֪᲻ĳʥ߱صľ󡣡ѧʿ֮ıӰ˵һ䡣
Ϊ׵ĳֺʥͻλԼʥƿˡ¡ϢòΪʱˡ
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ڵ״ٴԪ۹ߵرעΪĶ֣еֻСģսģսҪ£ʱϢŻ᳹״ȻǲŻ֪ǱΣж
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Ȼͼ޷֪ȫȷġ
һս׵ٶȴ硣
ֻһײռеֻۣռ֮һۣΪڲ塢塢Ҫ۵鶼ǡ¡
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ӵС¡ԭʥټġ˽ĺԺѾΪżڶʥѾﵽ׵һҡ
ֻһɣ˶ʥ˹㷺֪Ҳһϵ飬ĻҲǷǳֲ
ͨ˴¼ۼƣŻӵڵʥȴֻһҹ֮˳ɾ͡


217 ʥļƻ
ʥ¡źܴĹϵϾϣ塢塢壬ûһ֪Ȿڵġ
ףҽܵСЦһҪлл㡣֮һתͻȻ˵֮ϡ
תۣһʱе㲻֪λش֮ôһ
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׵ͻȻߣʱ֮΢΢һ㶣һֵĴ֣һʱһŹֵ
ãã˺ϧֻһָоӦþͽ¶ɡ֮̾һ󣬱ȥˡ

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飡飡飡
һ۵꣬ͻȻԼķⷢйеĲ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
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һʼĿǳΪʥںСʱĺԼκԼǱڵˡ
ʱ֪Լôһ硯ʱƣзһʥÿһµĵ伮ʱͻȻʥļ¼һ۵㡣
ں֪УʥҲпǵˣΪ˽ʥ㣬Ϣ׷ȥ
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Ǻ˳Ҳαװɲ֪˰ֹֻϧ겢֪Щ
׾Բܹȥ׻ŽʥأôвҵλãȡҳΪԿɶδҾԲܹ鷢ڷйһ֮ٶ¶׺ݵɫ
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ʱһ㶣Ϊʥأ˭Ȼô˵
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ݵ֮ͣ󣬺æϲĽһ
סȻŹףʼǶʥģ׷չȥĻʥصĽֻһǱǻҪһУ׵ĳɾʹ϶ĻδĶʮ֮ڳΪʥ
ʥ˵仰ʱ򣬸Χпռ䣬ֹ仰
ȡ׵һУȻҲôǡʥҪ󣬲ɵսȭͷ
Դӳһûз˭Ψ֮ŷ־ԼԸϣ׵ĲҲʵ̫Զˡ
ʥҲûΪųΪ뵽һ㣬ϾڵȻʥߣҪʥ߻ֲ
֪㲻׵Ķ֣Ҿ㣬Ļս֮ͻסʥһ߻ߣһߴӻóһž޴ʥֽҳ
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Ҳˡʥ񡷵ŻôǿΪȻ鼮Զһ鼮Ĵڡ
ʥ񡷶˵ǿǿԸϵκһ鼮ǳԽʥĴڣſʥĸ档
ȻʥҲֻǸ棬޷ȡ顢ʥ飬Ҳ޷ֱӹмصߡ
ǲ˭õʥֻҪӵʹáʥ񡷵ʸôͻʥ鼮ǡ¡Ҳ⡣
¡Ȼʥһһ롶ʥײĻôҪɣʥ
µģʥȻ鼮ȴ޷Щ鼮ԵĹΪĹҪǼ¼
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ûʥҲǰ׼̣ʥ֮һǰٿʥصСȻᣬʱױμӣһսʱϣáʥ񡷶һУܹ𣿡ʥļƻ˵һ¡
ʥλ˵һЩСټ򵥲ˣ˵ΪĹϵ޷ǿȥ׵ʥʥƷȴúȥƻ
ԭˣˡ
ҲһͶˣοʥ񡷸ǿš
ףʥİʥ߶ҪѹƣСʱױذܣʱҲһСʥͷȻšʥת뿪ˡ
Ϊ˸ķӳʥԼҵʥ񡷵ʹüɣ뾡쿪ʼȥѧϰϰ
ʥҲں뿪֮󣬾ջصĹ֮С
ʥ߲Ÿһһ˶ʵʥȥ׶Ծѡкܶ࣬ΪƫƫѡԼĶӣҪ֪εսܹӮ䣬Ϊ׶ʹĴҡ
Ѿ޿ɾҩˣױ֮ǰԸҲһѡ񡣡ʥĻشһ䣬Ҳ֪Ļ׻жôġ
ǣӷ˵Ļô̳˵⡭Ǹʥ߼һ䡣
ҲҪ̳ˣΪѾʥûʥ˵ֱ꣬ӴĻҸ߰ԼѾӵ


218 ԭǡϣ
ĳһǶʥѾǲĳ̶ȣĻʥҲȷʵ൱ˣҪһǰᣬǾǡ
ȻҪ֮仰һ֮ϣûܹ
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ʥȷʵѾķΧȻ칬ĻֻͼɣҲɣǳԽĴڣֻҪԺ㲻λƵĻôġʥصʥʥȻкǿЦѣȴǲò˵˹άĻ
ʵʥڵ̬Ͼ֮ǰλʱܹΪʱĵһλڣʥֵӵš
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Ϳ칬ıˣȻ칬ӵλǹϵλʥȴԶʱڱλִģֻҪ칬λҽʥأұضȥ޻ءʥһ漴㿴ʥص֮С
ʥ֮Ա֮ΪʥأʵҪԭΪӡżǿ˵Ƿǳǿ
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ǰĻʥûгΪλô޷ƿЩӡѾɾλ֪ԼٿԶɵ
ȻֻɵҲԶʱڰǿλɣƾԻɱԴʥصͽλҲһλǿߡ
һнλҲǵɼĸִʥأôҲҪˡµĻԵֵһʱ䣬ϾҲо绮ֵġ
İѾ׼ˣͿޱĶܲܰˡʥ˵һ䣬Ȼ뵽֮С

󣬻ƻ衣
֮׵壬˴Ԫ۹ĳǽ֮ϣĿŻʧ̫
ȻΪ˲Ԫ۹˷ֿ֣֮סԼϢ
ϾǺǿͬʱҲ޷׻ΪޣԵǽϿʱѾԪ۹ʥ߷ˡ
Ǹ˵ϢǿһԼԼǵĸо
Ȼûڿǣ֪Ѿǡ
סֱһλĴڣֲ࣬ʥ֮ûв´ĻӦ칬ˡ
칬֪λһǾŮһ칬֮ǸģŮˣӦ칬֮
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ҪʲôǶûʸ棬ܹҲǹ۲ѡ
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˵λתһȻǵĽλֻһ֮Ȼȷʵ֮
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Ԫ۹ʥ̾һ󣬾ͼۿ֮Ǳߵ״
֮һ㶼ں۲죬֮£ʥԶòܸӦ顣
ԣ֮ӵһ죬Ȼ˵һҲر׼ȷٵ뿪׵֮ôʱҲҲκοôʱˡ

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Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ裡
֮ŻƻʱһдԵ뵽֮С
ˣ׼𣿡֮Ǿ仰󣬶ûȥ֪ס
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֮ͨĸ֪׸ܵĵ֮뿪ʧȥӵĸо
ǣֻ֮ǲ뿪ûд㲻뿪
֪һҲûдߴֻ֮Ǿվߣһķ羰
˺һ̫Ѿºֿ֮˵ֵӵС塢С꣬ǾʱȴԴﵽĸ߶ȣ߶ȵӵиоǲƽġ
ҲֵĴڣǳӵǿ塢塢塢Ҫͬ־־㶼Կ⣬Ĳƽ׷һ䡣
˵һʵһĻᣬѡĻǻѡ塣
֮˵ȻСĴڣԼǿֻҪӵ㹻ʱɻôɳԺ֮Ĵڡ
ȻȴģȻҲԱǿٶȴ֪˶٣ҲĽ壬ҲĽ壬֮Ǹиĺôɡ
ôһ֮Ҳסˣܳһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
Ĭֶ֮֮һ⣺ףһҲòһսĻô
һܵ⣬Ϊʵ˭һǳûش
仰֮ȷʵԥûԥ˵һһսʤĻһΪ㽨һǣȻ
⣬Լ˵Ĵ𰸣뵽˲㼶
ʱ棬ײ꣬ͬʱҲڲͣĿԼĸ֮ΪУ²µȥָ֣ȥ֮
֮ǿ󣬹ǴԶŵĴ˵оͿ˽⣬ڵԣھ֮վǰ׶ɱ֮
Уʵһֱ˼ɱ֮ô󵽵׻᲻Ķ֡
⣬ʵѾԶ׼ˣǾ׸޷ɱ֮Ĵ𰸣˶ΣҪĵǸزôͰ֮ӡ
һ뵽ӡͻȻе׵֮ᱻ˷ӡǱɱˡ


219 ԭǡ£
֮Ѿ˵ɱ뷨˭Ȼ˵ôһѡ
ѡеƻΪ˵֮Ͼ൱û˵
᲻ɱ𣬹Ȼ㡣֮¶һ˿Цݣ˵ôһ䡣

仰󣬲ûǸ˵˵֮ѵ㲻ڸѾûʲô𣬾㶼ѧˡ
׷ЦΪ֮ոճֵıЦ׼֮Ҳһζˣ֤֮ĸı䡣
ڣȻ֪Ϊʲôȴ֮Ը£˶ã֮ҲַḻʵУʲô϶ûκμ顣
ҲŲС֮࣡ϲ⣬ĸ飬Ͽǲ˵ˡ
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ɣ֪һҪһȥѰһոŮʬ壿ʱУżҲһ֮Ķ̬֮ž޴Ŀ
˺ԼҵĿһ㡣
ֻϧ֮ԸעʵˣȻоļƻͲͬˡ
ҲҪʬ壬Ҫһҵһӵ׺͵֮ҡҡͷȷʵԲʬжⲻҪģ֮Ͳϲʬ塣
Ҳܸ֮ȥץһˣԴ֮ȥʹã׵ԭ⣬һͨ׻ãԭϵرᶨ
ΪʲôΪ㣬ΪҪӵһ׶֮һ䡣
ʵϣ׵һ֮˵жҪҪ̫ˣ׺Ѱﵽ
Ͼֻвʮ飬ѾܸˣҲ֮ݣȻȥһࡣ֮˵뷨
һ̣֮Ŀˡ
ĿĺпʵһΪ֮ΨһѣǶôĲϣպҪ֮ս
սԭȻĳͻ֮뷨ӵ壬壬һҪûκγͻҲ׵뷨ûκγͻ׵Ȼˡ
֮ʵҪĿĸҶãΪһлܹԸƷ׶֮һЦʹӶֱһ㣬Ȼȡһöɫʯͷ
˵״˿Ǵ״ֻ̬Ҫͻ޴ϵϵ򿪹ʱڵĿռ䡣
ӵ׺ϼƼߵʯ֮Ҳʶˣڿʯͷ˲䣬֪ǳΪԶ飬ûӵй׺ﵽزʯ
Ҫǣʯ֮ӵкܶ񱩵־Щ־Ѿʧȥˣȴһǳǿ֮ǰһ
־Ȳ˵ʯͷ͹־һָһ֮ȻܵȴӿһЩеʯͷ
ʯͷҴӡͶ򴫡ģһļأʯͷһʯΪлһʺ壬ʯ̫Сˣºܵ͡˵е뷨Լʯͷ
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׵ȻѾǿˣʽɺܵͣûüʯͱˡ
ȵȣҪУҪʧô죿ײǲ֮ʯֻǵʧ˻Ӱ졣
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ʧܵĻҾͻ᳹׵ԶҲٶȳ֮ϡ֮𾪵Ϣס
Ϊһ־ԿĴڣھȻΪӵһԼ壬Ըðôķգһôܹ𾪡
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ʱҪЦݱݵصĸ䣬ôֻ֪жŮΪ׶˯ž
Ⲣ˵ж˧֮ӳ£ѾӵʣЦѾǵЦˣԱͳΪһ־񹥻ֶΡ
ðɣ֮˵زҲֵõͷ˵ȻѡôҾľ
˼ˣǾǾʯ͸֮
ʵʯеļֵǲʥʯĹܻûпԹĴڡ
֪֮׶ٴΣԾʯļֵܸߣҲĸԸʯ֮
˵֮ҲͻȻϥ˵ϣһ׹Ư˳
׹һ֣ͻΪһµľŮӡ
ף壬㣡֮󣬾Ͷ׵һƣͻص֮С
֮׵ʶʱһ䣬˲ָ֮ǰӡ
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ף֮ҵÿһǿ൱ʥÿһֻܹάӵʱ䣬һʱ䣬ͻ뵽״̬
мǣԲܹʹãڼļҪ죬Ȼӵ׺壬ҲҪΪܲסԶ
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ұʥ飬Ϊһ㣬˶ĴۡϢ󣬲ûиˣеʧ䡣
ûʧ䡣
ʵóʯ֮󣬾Ϊ֮ʲôΪһ뵽Լܹﵽ֮ͻܸˣȻ֮Ϊ˸ࡣ


220 ʥأϣ
֮ڵͲʥߣȴӵʥԾɵҲ֪֮Ϊ˼Ĵۡ
ʵǰĻ֮ҪǸ׸ôֻ࣬аЦô֮ĸԼ⣬ڲͬˡ
ΪʲôҪΪزΪʲôõͳ֮һ䡣
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Ȼ֮һֱȴûΪЩף֪޲ԡ
ףҰ뵽ʯͷкҵϵͻһزԺܹˣౣأ֮ûлش׵⣬ѧĳĶһ䡣
һ仰ϿӦǺܳصģȴ֮ǲŵ˵ĺࡣ
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˵֮꣬ٶ¶Цݣ仯ΪһƬʧ֮С
֮뿪Ҳͷһ۴Ԫ۹ĵ۶Ȼ뵽Ӱ档
Ͼû֮ı׾͵һʱʥߵλ֣Ժ·ֻܹԼġ
Ȼʵ֮ӵҲǺ棬ϣ֮ҲõǰĻٿȥۡ
뿪˴Ԫ۹ܳһʱ󣬲´Ӱ˳
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ʥߵϢȫӦǻڴС׶շһ£֪ܿǸĹܡ
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仰һ˵꣬һ㶣ΪϢ̫ˡ
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ֻҪʥߣǲʥصĲҲԽУõġʥص־ȥ֪֮ˡʥֻ˵ײ⵽Ƕûн͡
׵뷨Ͳͬˣ֪Լ⣬Խȥ˵⵽
Ҳ֪ҵĴЩ⣬ҲҲʥصҪأ룬ջǲðա
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ײŸվȣһö˳ȥܿͿһŴ󽣵ŮϥԼǰ
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Сףڡʥ׺󣬱ܾ͵Ľг׵С
Ȼ⻰Ÿ˵꣬׾Ĵ˵ʥ߰ɡ
ʥߣӭҹңʥҲûκΣ˲͸ı˵ʽ
ҵأ
Ҳֱӣɨһۣûµ˵Ӱ󣬾ֱ˳
ҹҵ飬Ҫ֪ҹҵҪĺԺĲ黹࣬Ѿ麣֮ˣƶʱڲʥ˵ʱϵЦȻǳԡ
ǣȴ仰Լ£׵ɫʱһ䣬˵

׵Ļ䣬ʱһ˳
ΪʲôˣȻ˸ĳ˵
仰һ׻˲ܵһǿȵѹԼϮԷֻǵʹó˸вס
ǿ֮Ŵѧʿǿˣֻϧ׶ͷ˵һ䡣
ţĽ¾ͳһ̫ͼ̫ͼ滹һâǡ
𣡡
̫ͼڲâС
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âǽתһ£ղ֮׵ˣ˲ȻһѪ
ѪΪܵϵ˺µģΪܵ˾ϵĴϣʧزű
ǿľȻڴѧʿ治ţǸѧʿ˺ȻǷǳ𾪡


221 ʥأ£
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ҹΪһѧʿ̽Ѿ㹻ˣôҲû뵽һ֮£ֱþشһ
ҵľϺأ޷ʹ顣ѧʿдݸ˶ʥȻֿף漴ת뿪˴ʹ
ʥ߲Ҫ֣ղǸҹҵһִ£ֻ̫ںȽڶѣξͷŹɣұ֤´β˵ʥõ鱨󣬾ͳڶ׺Ȱһ䡣
ǣǸѧʿû˿֣ɴ˿ɼҲ׻ᷴУٴ׵̬ĿǰûκκͺõĿܡ
ȻʥˣôȻ׷ǲ֪ʥʲôţ׶һǳϵ
Ӷʥǿ̬ϣͿĳʥǲ¸ģһײǺżΪа취뵽ӰѰ¡ˡ
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ܼ򵥣ϣΪҹҵļ̳ˣȻΪҹҵļȥʥλáʥֱ˵Ŀꡣ
ΪҹҵһӣʥСͱʥ֮뷨ֻϧһʥ̫֮ɫˣԶʥ̲סûлȥǸλá
׾Ͳͬˣ׼ҡҹҵѪʥ֮ѡ֮ˣټ׵ôͬʱҲôţֻҪ׿ϵĻһʥ֮ضס
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ףҵĸʱˣǱģǴҵˣԶʥǲҪˡȻҹҵܸԣȴȥҹҵļ̳ˡ
Ѫ޷ıģ㲻ϣҹҵˣڰҹҵӡպáʥҲ˵ʲôֱӾͽһõֳ˹ȥ
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ҹҿʥڲĴңϵУҹҲŵĽǰ壬ǵԴǳ֮࣬ƾЩԴǱԼҵʿ
ʿֻһͬǣ߿ԳΪʿͬҲԳΪʿЩʱʹͨ˶Լ֪£ƭΪʿ
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ǶҹҵĵϵӵܣʵҹҵһĻԳλǴǷּҡ
Уò˵ľҹҵķּӵŲ٣ʶҪȵϵϸ߳һأϧݵԵʣЩּҵĺǰʸûС
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Դ򵥲ˣǾ׵ĵһЩǵĶҹҼ֮λ
ҹҼԭҪʮϵԶѡģ˵ڲ20꣬λҪʮʮܹ̳УʱãֻҪײֵĻЩ˾ͶӵгΪĻᡣ
׵ĳȴֱӵЩΪѡ˵ĻᶼûˣʥߡʥߡʥǰȻкǲģҲ֪ҪĻǾֻ˳·ѡ
ʥһҹҵĵϵӵܣȻ̲סǸ׶Աһ£ְ̾Ϣ˵̫ˣȫһΣҹҵĵϵУһ֮һ˾ͺˡ
̾󣬶ʥ˵Ǽкɡ
ҹʥߣ
ҹ࣬ʥߣ
ҹ˫ʥߣ

Ŷʥ֮ҹҵӵܷ׷׶׽ͨǵĽܷʽ״·ֳЩ˶Լе⣬Щ˲ںԼĳ֣ԼЩ˶ǳݡ
ˣǶȥɡ
ʥЩϵӵܸ״к󣬾뿪˴ʹ
ף֪⼸ҲۣҾ͸ٸϢʱ䣬㿪ʼʥصѧáʥ֪׺ǿҲó׵Ļʵ˴طãʥ顣
׵ĻȻӶʥİţûҵ£ҲֻܹĬһ㡣
ֺõĻºʥѧûһСȣܹҹҳΪСȵһôҾͻǼһ档ʥߵſʱͻȻͷһ
ʹѾ״¡вˡ
ߣСȵһҵˣϣʱչ˺ǣȻһڵġ
ǳԿҲŶʥвһ䡣


222 ɣϣ

װҲͰҪʥصѧ֮ڡ
ò˵ʥصѧȷʵҪԺĻһЩָ鼮ԼʦĵȼӲʩ
ڴС棬ʥڵѧþҪԺһСϺܶ࣬ϾԺרŽ̵ʥҪĴС
Уʷļء֪ʶռۼƣԴĻܵȵȷ棬ʥصǿҲźܴ
ףشҸղŵ⣡
׶ŴⷢʱѧڵͻȻ׵ش⡣
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ϧģʵ˵׶飬֮Ĵڣôȫ
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ţԳеδ뵽֮֮УϣܹͦһףȻת뿪˽ʦ
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֪һеԵɣɵѧЩûκεľɸܵʹ
ÿһ̵ܹ׵״̬ףεɡ
ףȻǶʥصⱲӻûгʥأǶ㶼ǳ˽⣬㵱еĿֻ꣬ϧڵı̫ʧˡ
ʥߡʥߡʥӵƺŵԭҲֻһ̾˶ѡ
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˵ʵȺӵļһǶŵ鶼ûУȻǵܲнʿ𣬵սĸײ̫Զˡ
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Щ˶ײͣļʱʦĴͻȻĴˣһϺڳ۵˽
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ȻҪڵ˵һսսһսû˵ôʵ̫ˡ
ܺãȻ˾ʹȥɡײ֪սԼ·
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ʥأȻֶС׻ǵһμ飬Ȼ𾪡
Ҫ֪쿴Ƽ򵥣·ֻҪѿռڵӡȥͿԣʵȴǳ֮ѣΪһĴҪǧռڵ㣬ôռڵһ鼮֮УҪľƽ⡣
޷ƽ⣬ôͻᱬըըγɵĿռʥһСľҪشʥߵĻȻ
ֿ֪㻹û飬һһȥ׾˽ȥͬʱ׳һ䡣
ȻҪĺܶңܹһսĻɲܹĻᣬá
Ըһ˵꣬׹Ȼ͸оһ֮˵ֿ
ˣ
һռ䲨漴׾ͷӽʦһտķ֮С
ԣһҼǵүүǰ컹˵Ҳڸκսôˣ
׺ԲŸոչܿһϵ뵽˶С
˳ȥ׺ܿͿһߣͨϢԸӦ߲һߣϵߡ
׿ʱҲע⵽׵Ĵڣ׵˲䣬ʱͷ׵ڲͬ
߶ʥصʶΨһμԵ֮뵽ʥطͷס
ǡף
߼֮˲ͰԷŵһߣȻ΢˷ܵĿף׵ĳƺźرûгƺΪʥߡҲûгƺΪʥߣǽ׽ɡ


223 ɣ£
ÿһϵڴﵽλ֮󣬶õͬĳƺš
磬ڴﵽλ֮󣬻ᱻΪɣߴﵽλ֮󣬻ᱻΪɡ
λҲϸ֣ʹõߣᱻ֮Ϊɣʹȭͷᱻ֮Ϊȭɣʹý򱻳֮Ϊɡ
ھȻƺΪɣǾΪպضΪټóý͸ɴǰ׽нˡ
зȻ״鷳ͬʱҲŶ׵Ͽɺ𾴡
Ҳǰ֮ˣ֪ɴ˿ɷǴ˵еһҿһۡ˵֮󣬾͸æһ
үүôܹԼߵ̬ȺҪжơ
ΪҪ߽үүָ񣬲ԽһôôĺҪ
ѧȺΪʦɴڽϵѾһߣ˵ɴдĵһȴǿնɱκʥߵĴڣСԺԽɴһ㡣Ҳʥͨķ֤Ľ֮һ
ˣ֪İѽжǿ
ߵָȻ˵ʲôߵϻסˣȴʼ׵ϣͬʱзһԺսȡƣضҪ׺ÿ
һԵףȷʵʱҡҡͷ˵ĽɱĳֱؽҲܹӦҪ󡣡
ײ߹һĽǡԶʮڼĽ֮ⱾѾеܲסĽɱ֮ˡ
һָоĽҪһΪİѽǰĽһȼǳԽĴڡ
ڡԶʮȻԼӡİѽÿٻһΣӡͽһ֣ʹôﵽһزʱİѽͻ뿪ס
һİѽ׾Ͳǵˣʱ˭лõİѽ
ӵеƣ֮жӵİѽϢİѽ鼮֮õͻıȱ˿һ㡣
³çˡܹ͵ĽжЩʧ䡣
Ȼ޷Ľķɣѽȴԡ׿óȷʵܰھܾ˵һҪ֮ȴǽʥԯٻ˳
ǳɽܹ֮ԯ߶׵Զʮ·ǳ˽⣬ڿԯĵһۣ˵ѽֺҪԡ
ûԯȥɣ
׵ͷȻͰԯݸߡ
ಣ
͵׸հԯ֮ʱԯ˲ߵֱԶȥ
߼Ҳһ㶣漴æ˲䱬ȫֱӶ̾ԯǰһսĽ
𣬲
׿߱ҲŪߵ
ԭϢ
Ȼ޷ƿؿռ֮ǵǿᣬڹؼʱ̣ǿͨ̾գҪǿ
ϣһվ൱ǵȫһˡ
գҺûܵ
ⲻץסԯʱѾʼڵĴˡ
ʱĹܹ뵽״̬˳ʱս֮⣬ֻͻȻıˡ
ѽӵƣѽҪǲߵҪ󣬾ͻᱻܾǿİסܹԦסֻǷӳûôˡǵһסԯƾļʶǵһʱͷԯıʡ
ԯǿֻʥſƿѽ벻ɴᣬȴѾʥٻ֮ߴŹһӣͰѽס
׶˵ûйĽͣϾʥһ㣬һȥĻ˲ӵһ֧ߡ
οΪҪսԵʣڸղսѾۼʮǴ˿̶˺߶׵ۡ
׾ȻʥѾʸʥ֮λˣ
ҪΪʥȾҪʥʥӵк֣ܶǲ֪򵽵һ֡
ͬʱӵа׼ҺҹѪˣıȻҲǿġ
Ժһȫ֧ףΪиоԻ͡
ߣⲢֻҵõԶɵѣҲܹõԶɴУô
߶׵Ŀһ֮ǰһת˹۵㣬ȻһЩΪ׷ͷ̫øӲԸˡ
ǵĿһ㶼⣬ջԯ֮󣬾תͷ˵һ㿪ʼսɣҽɲһ˴ѡ
ʲô˼Ա˵һ㶡
ܼ򵥣ھ͵ʱ仹СʱСʱ̨˭ܹҵĻͿԵõһҡһ˵ţһ߶ԶĿյһָ漴һٻ˳
ףҡ
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ֶ˭ҲӶ࣬׾;ɴ¶עҲ˵ֻҪսʤһõʮңʮʤĻɾҡ
ףսܵĻǩ֣ǰ㣬ǲֵģҲ˼ӣҪݺݵĻ㡣ԷŭĿףֱӽһֽӵǰ
Ҳʹ죬ɹ˲䣬ȡǱʣֱӶдԼ֡
ȻǶдģīˮվ֮ϣԵд֮˵սԼҲͳˡ

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սʼһεĹǡ
Լ֮󣬺߸æս˵һ顣
Щ޷Ǿǲʹóʥ֮ʹõܹʮ򣬻һЩ鱦ȵȡ
սӵźܶĹأսĻûκιأߣʹııֻҪɱԷͿԡ


224 ޣϣ
սʼ
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ףҵǸʴ֮ˮҵǰﶼҪʴĽ⣡
Եʾܿ׵Ľ¾ͳֳһ̸ˮˮճֵʱ򣬽ֻһСƬѣǵʱȥǶʱͰװΧҿʼӿ֡
˵ĸʴ֮ˮ顢ٻĴڡ
֮ǰһֱΪУû뵽ո˲䲼µĸʴ֮ˮûпԵױʴ֮ˮΧ϶ʱ¶˵Цݡ
˵ʵûս֮ǰһֱǷǳŵģϾ׵ô֪׻᲻˲
ǣ˭֪׾Ȼ˲ͱԼסķתȻǳˡ
ϾҿԺһǿ֮һȻ紫񣬵ҵǰɲһ˼š
սʤױһҫ˲սʤףֵĻᶼûУսֵôһ˵ء
ȻǸˣһԹսȴҡҡͷ
о仰˵ĺãԹ塣
һżսʤףû뵽Ȼʥߣôضӵʥ֮ʥ֮һֵܹһǧĴڣʥôܱ֮ûС
ԣֻһ˾ͿóײֲʷӦǿ԰ӳȻһٻԡ
֮׸ûаԵĹС
ڹȥһҺͻȻее㲻Ծ
֣˵ʴ֮ˮʱӦѾ׵帯ʴ˲ŶԣΪսûнԸղſƴȫ߶ĸʴ֮ˮһ˾ʱҲðˡ
ǣǱ߳˳ʴ֮ˮ⣬ȴûκεıʣԷԼ׵Ϣо
˰ɣӦòɣǿԼģһҪ˵ĻԼͻԶҵԸӦһԼԼ֮ڡ
תһ룬ҲԼҲ˵û׼ĸдˣҲûȣһԼ⡣
飬Ըæűϵĺ˵үүһӮˣھȻҵĸʴ֮ˮɱס
룬һ˵ڵˣɵıһЦȻҡҡͷ
үүԲĿźߣҪΪʲô˵
ǣҪϸѯʣȴһӺ洫˳
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仰һжʱ󾪣Ȼ˲ǰһԾ˸ʴ֮ˮǰתȥ
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ҪǸղǺ޷״̬Ҳ˵ҪԸĻѾһεս֮гˡ
ܣոѾҵĸʴ֮ˮˣôͻȻҵѵ㣡ԲŵĿף˵е𾪡
ӵдӰ֮ŵĹܣֻЩʥ֪Щ֪ͨ
˵ĺԺһսҲвʥĻʥս˷Ȼ̫֪Ӱ顣
ϻ׵˲һʥȴֻһһ˵ţһˡסʥ顣
֮ϣ˿ھ֮ϣԽ׵Ǻܶ࣬ײΪʼ˵ģôֻǰһˡ
ɶ񣬲ʲôֶӳģҵĸʴ֮ˮ㣡Ȼ׳ķʽ֪˵ȥĻԼֻӶˣֱʹٻ˸ĸʴ֮ˮ
ˣȻҿԼѾ˽ˣԡ
׿Žӽĸʴ֮ˮŲæĴٻһ㳦
ó㳦˲䣬ԵԶ׵УȻ뵽ӰУٶȳֵʱ򣬾Ե󣬲ذ˲һԱߣ뵽˵״̬
ˣ
˺Լ֮æӿֳȻԵΧγһȦֹ׻ɱ
ԭսԼģԼԣ˵ǶĽ״ˣٻԯҶɱͨǿĸ֪ܿͷԼжǿ
ʵԼ֮СĶֽļͨ˼ֽҲܹʿѣؼֽдԼ΢һ㣬Ҳֹѧʿ
켶ֽʥܵȫǡ
ʥֽĻǻȫʥߣλҲܵԼ
ղǩԼֽʵϾƺؼֽֽ˵ûãĹͳԽ˴ѧʿ
лûɱСӣؼлˡ
߼˺󣬸æǰȻһö鵤뵽ԵĿС
߸ڵļϵȻǳ׶Խ⣬վһߵģóӵлɱԵѾɱ־ֹĴ㡣
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߰ɣ˳Ұս£ҾʥصһսϣܹҴһ˿ϲ׶źߵͷȻֱٻһʼս衣
ΧЩΧ۵ɫһ졣
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ΪеγϣԼֻȸ·սˡ
ʥȻ˿ʥصôҾͶǰһԸµǳ
͵׸ոպһʱһȥʮҵվ˳
һ֣ΧŨĽ»˶õ
̤ǧ
ʮҵ䣬ӵǧôⲻ֤Ǹ֤ӵż
ֻϧԴףΪʥս˵Ȼսʵ̫ˡ
٣ҪҪֵܶĻ˹ı¶õ˵һʱ֪ʵ
ϧ
׿һǸȻһڲ裬˵ɣʱ֣֮ҲͰˡ
ôһ˵ɫ˲ͱ÷ǳѿûʧ̬ǽȫһϣֱӶȫһ


225 ޣ£
ȲеףȻҲǱߴˡ
ǿöңһҽȥҵңɱȱѵʮҶ
֮ǰ˵˭ҪսĻҪóʮҳղվѾʮҷŵŻս
ǣȻʮҶõĳȻҲǷǳ
һȥңĹԿԿȴѧʿȫһ
ѧʿȫһȻ޷شףҲԻ׷һֽţһһս׵˾Ҫܺܶˡ
ս벻ֻһʮЩʥص֮ȴҪַʽԸ
û취׸ǵȫһΣȫֵĻʥصЩϡִ¶Ƕ֣οЩѧ
ΧսԸпѣһΪԸ׵ķеˣһһҪСʱڴס
ȻĻһСʱôʥصһͶ˶ˣԺ뿪ʥȥ棬ҲᱻԺ˳Ц
ʥؿǵλáԴΪḻĵط˵һΧҲ40µͨ40ѧϰʱ׶20꣬ټʥҲǧˣǳս޷׵ĻǶ˶ˡ
Ͼ׵ȻǿᣬЩǿдʱġ
ʹõûдд顣
ʱдҲʵ̫˷ѣοҲд뷨ֻֻǴд飬ΪҪдһݣǱܹ֪
ףΪ˱˲Ҳˣ˿ʥҾȫһ뵽ʱǸһҲˡ
ӵа취ʱգʹ칬һҪգԵ棬׷ʤаһͽķȫȥҵĹֶٻ˳
Զǹʥǹ
ôĴۣٻһԶʱڵʥߣȻʥֻͶӰѣҲ۷塣
ǣԶǹʥȴ֮ͷ֮ļӳ£Խﵽ𼶱
ȻֻڣƴȫһԷռˡ
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˵һϧǸǹʥĹԼǰֱӶ뵽Ӱ档
ʵڵĵطӰҲʣΪӰǸӵ飬ӵ˵磬ڵĵطļз֮С
з죬ȫĿռ䣬뵽Ļ˭ʲô˲һ˿һ
ˣǸǹʥĹǿһȥûйĿꡣ
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׳ְˣȻҲֻ̨ҪԷʧȥսͺãϾһս˻࣬ɲϣˣͳΪʥصĹˣɲ׵Ĵ㡣
Ĵ㣬ֻǸ׼ҡҹ뷨ļһЩѡ
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ܰֻҪܹսʤ׾ͺá
ãȥ֪ͨ
ĺԺһҲԸ׵ķ뵽ʥصһţԽʵǿǸˡ
׼ҵļ̳ˣܵܣ
˵ۺжʱôһ˿ڴ
ʵһʼ֪ĺ֮ҲΪ˵ġ
ΪĻͲԼµĸ飬ֻ֪Ϣ֮ûü£˵һе뷨ͱܵҹҵš
ʥصʥɱҵ뷨ʱκβȻ˾Ķӳɡ˶µ˼ʱעŵڵ֮ϡ

ʥأ׼ҡ
һϸĶʱͻȻһӰǰ
ʥս̨ʥһ˼ѾˣûжʵһɣϣʥصһȥսԴʥ档
Ӱֺ󣬾ԹԵİ˵һߣȻ󳹵ʧ֮С
ͶӰѶķǧöҾΪ˵һʱϢȷʵǵĸˡ૵˵һ䡣
ͶӰĳֲûие⣬ΪԴʥ֮˼׵һһװ޵Ҳ֪ġ
׵˽⣬Ȼ֪׺ǿʥڵĶ֣֪Լȣϣܹսʤס
ǣû뵽ô죬ǰҲͲʮӵ飬ʥصͱȵҪڵ鷳
һҳֵĻôսͻΪʥصĽ㣬ʱҪӮ˻ã˵ĻһҪɨأҲᡭ
Ǻ̽һ׵Ȼʥõʥ񣬿ѹһʥ飬û׼еᵽҪҪ״
ˣȥ˵лĻͳûɱףûлľ͵ȵ֮˵
΢˼Ƭ֮󣬾˾
飬ͣ
ȻѾȥˣôȻҲó˴飬˲䴫͵ս֮ڡ


226 սϣ
ʥأ׼Ҵе
ˣ
һռ䲨ĳ֣ܿͳ˰׼ҵĴе֮С
ڵѾǰˣʥôڵԣԴﵽ̽׵ЧһҪ
һ˵ţһڴеһʥǰ
ʥǰ׼ҵһԭڱĿ񣬵ֺ˫ۡ
ҸܵǹǿĽʱҾ֪һģֻû뵽ô͵ˡʥһھ˵˰ĿģȻղȻǱ۾ʵҲڹעսǱߵ顣
ҪʥһɨأΪһǿߣȻܹĿʥҪһսͷ漴ߵߵǰ
ǣ֪׺ǿҲ׵Ķ֣ұǰʮʥ֮
˵ĿģԭеҪȡʮʥ֮
һЩ֮Уʥ֮ҲһִУҲΪʲôԽǹϵļԽǿΪʱۼƣʥ֮ǳɹۡ
ƾЩʥ֮һЩͨӣӵſԺͺŴѧʿԿıǮ
ҲΪĴڣǿļԽǿļԽСǻܵƽĴҪСļ֮޷ôֻܹСȥ
ԣʮʥ֮սʤס
ߵȰ˵꣬Ͷһӣʮʥֱ֮ע뵽ڡ
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ȥɣֻҪսʤףôҾͲȡʹʮʥ֮Ĵۣʧˣôҷ߶ŰͷȻȥӭսס
ʵһƻ˰׼ҵĹء
հ׼ҵĴеضԣǼĵϵӵһҲܹʥ֮ûһʥ֮һ͸ߴʮҡ
ȻһʮȻƻ˹ء
Ҳʶһ׵ͬʱҲϣʥصһΪװ޵ɨأû׼ҵļʾֱ˰˵ֻҪʤͲøκδۡ
ɾڸ
װȻǰ׼ҵʧ˭ʥأ˵ʵ˵ҪʮʥˣҪʮҲġߵȰߺ󣬶˵һ䡣

ʥأս
һӶûеȵսߣҲһʱоеġ
ʹôȻ̫۸ˣǰЩҲԲߺ󣬸սˡε̾һ
ǲúøЩ˴һýӰ׾ܹùһҲ̫һ˵СʱˣƾһСʱѡ
ȻôҲòô
İûдһС˵һʱ䣿׿ΧԽԽͻȻдС˵˼
ǣ͵׸ҪٻīֽʱͻȻһӰ׵ĲԶ
ԴӸոװ̨֮׵ķԲھҲṳ̂ˣʥ̨ĲΪأ˭ǿۼ͵Ҫȥսס
Ӱ˵ÿռ䴫͹ģֻвʮ׵ľ롣
ˣ
׼ңʥһǿ֮һ
˰׼ҵʥ֮ټԭеԼ׼ҵԴѧʿƽ
ʹκֶξѧʿƽʹֶεĻ˵ӵкִѧʿĻӦòˡ
һҪӮȻĺԺɾͶˡ
Ȱ֮ĺԺһԾո
Щѧһۣ׶̲סĿһ۸ոճֵİͬʱаҵı˵ܵ𣬹Ǽ̳еʥ֮ԭôǿȺңһҪõˡ
üͷ΢壬нСĶս
ȵȣܹܵһϤϢǸϢ˵ǳҪһĸطܵ׵Ȱ峹׳֮ͻȻоһ˿Ծ
ʥߣҾʥصʶһǶƿءȻ֪뵽ʲôһ־Ͷ˵˾仰
˵֮ײûиĻ˵ȥǻȻ˵ˣ
ֲΧ۵ŪˣǰһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ĲǶݵģڻع˵˲ޱȱ䣬Ŷ԰ʵ𣿡
׵仰ʵĺͻأ˰һʱ䲻֪⡣
װˣȻǵһμĿӦòǴһμҲŶԡ׼˵űΪĺһ˵ȷʵǳȡ
УȰǿ϶󣬾ڹĽ;Ƕˡ
ܳŵʵô֪ңǵһ
ûȻǵһμ棬ŶϿսдĽ󣬶οսҲбҳȡһ֣˵ŶοսʱҾͿɵĸӦ˵
׵ġԶʮûгΪʥ֮ǰ׻ĸӦ϶ʲôԴⱾΪʥ֮׾ͷ·ܹܵдϵĽ⡣
ԭ¶ң޳εĿЦһ
Ϊɸ˲СĴۣǱ׵ݣһװ鹫ô´αضǳ֮ҡ
֪Ϊʲôײûеһʱ˵ֻǴӲ˰һЩ顣
벻ȻԼҵ߷Χڣ⻹̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ĿŰ
һѾȷϰĴҪɱԼˣҰ壬ǵʱǣڴԪʱҲǡ
͹ǳһ㣬ѾɱһĻѾˡ
ף¶Ҫ֤ݣȻҲ֪˵ʲôû㹻֤ݻ㲻ҪϹ˵ȻкڣϻǺϬġ
ϾʱʮˣҪĺѣ˰ȻĬԼڹЩطȴԼв׽дɱ
ֻ߲Ҫ֤ݣ׶ŰҡҡͷȻнƵٻ˳ű԰һָ˵ʥߵ㷢սɸҽܡ
ľǱ˰㣬òҵǸˣȻˡ


227 ս£
սһôȶ˫ͱһҪС
սʽΪ˴ìܳʱƶģ׸֮ìܾìܣҲΧжˣֱӶ԰ս
ս׾Ȼս׷ʲô飿
ûмǴĻ׸ӦǵһŶԣѵ֮ʲô᣿
׵ĵܵܣͬĸĵܵܣѲҪȡΪ׼ҵļ̳ˣ
пܣʵҵϣ׻뷨ϣԺܹΪʥ֮
ԽԽ˼ˣǾ;ĿţҪڷˡ
µ΢һС֮󣬾ֳĬ
һߣս֮󣬰׼ҺҹҶͬʱõϢ

ҹң鷿ڡ
ʥ׽ĺָƣִ򿪴Ѷ飬ܵһϢ֮󣬱˲վ
Ȼǰʱ乴׵˾Ȼ׸ϳˣ鷳ˡ
ʥԴ൱ɿһʼʱѾǰ׼֮ˣû뵽׵˻ֻһӡ
鷳ˣǺƺһرĸ飬ȻѾ֪˰ǰˣüβһ㻹ôԻᷢġʥȻһʥߣÿһλĺԺһվʱо¡
Ҫȥһˣϣ鲻Ҫֵ̫ԵĻ͸һɱĻᣬ׻ΪǼҹҡʥϸ˼һͻȻһһᣬһ׵Ļᡣ

׼ң鷿ڡ
ʥʱڶһ鼮һ½ͨʷܹ⿴ͨʷΪһͨʷ顢ɵȵԶŵ飬ҷǳϸ
ⱾͨʷߣͻȻ칬ĴЩ飬ֲܹд飬⻹Ǻ֡ʥȽϹϵ칬顣
칬Ͳ˵ˣԴ칬֮Ͱ칬ĵˣʲôģĻܻΪѡ
Ϊʥ֪ҲϣսﵽһĵزһƽƿսĻÿһ嶼иΣ
ˣûһʥϣԼԼССֶ˵νս˭Ҳ뿪
Ϊ˲սʥһЩ飬翹ǲ֪Ҫʲô칬ԼѰǸ˷ӡ֮
ಣ
͵ʥ˼ЩʱĴѶͻȻһ¡
ţȻϳˣһͨϿսϳġʥϢ֮оһ˿ʧʧȻǶ԰ʧ
ӣʥѾǷǳˣ˸֮⣬ʥĶġ
ĴСԴʦǰǰֵһᡣ
ӵһĳɾͣʥ˵װһƸԴ˵õĺøУıֶŶѣ˿̫ˣʥۡ
ΪҪһĻֻûõģֻĴڲпܡ
׼ȻѾ֪ݣôһ᲻һдɱģ˵Ӵеʮʥ֮Ҳ׵Ķ֣ԿҪҳֲС
ʥ԰İţɲϣʱɱһĻҪһԿײлɱ׵ˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ҪӵͬʱرҪɱײС
ѡһǰʥһԣڵĻĲҺãʥ棬ĿǰҲͰˡ
Ȳ˵ʵ⣬͹ǿɱ׵Ƴɵ֮⣬ʥھ;ҳڶ
ɲͨ磬һɱӵд˵ףǱųɾ尮ףôԼԼļҲӶˣѶҪܵǣĺǱӿֲ
Ҫֹ˵Ĵ򶷣Ȼʥһˣʹ㶯ǰսֹ׸ıȶ
ǣŸոҪ֣ͻȻһĶ˵벻ϢҲͨ㲻ҽȥ׶ܵʲô
ʲôȻֹȥ޴Ķˡ
ȻǶʥ֪Ϣ󣬲ûȥڵս󣬶˰׼ҵУһǴš¡ԭġ
ĿģȻֹʥȥˡ
Ȼá¡ΧĿռ䣬ѵҪҶֲɣʥӦ˿ռ֮еı仯ԱŶʥ
ʵϣǼǰĻʥá¡ռ䣬ʥҲϣΪʹáʥѹơ¡
ǣڡʥڰϣĿռֱˣҪٻҲҪʱ䡣
ҪǣʥǰıʧȥʥĻô׵ɱ⣬Դġ
ˣʥʱȻ뵽һе벻
ˣΪҲ֪㣡ȻҵĳƺʱʥʵʥΪ㣬㼸ǰ֮ԲɱףһĳĿģҪõϵʥԼʥ飬ΪĿģĶӡʥ֪ͬʲôһ㣬Ȼ˵ʥ롣
Ͼˣ˫Ҳǻ˽һЩ
һжΪ壬Ҫס֣ϾҲǳǿᣬ˵˲ˡĴ󣬵ɱ̫ϧˣս֮ϡʥĻر˶ʥ⡣
ϧǣʥѾ¶İʱˣҲʥۣΧĿռ䡣
ÿ𣬼ȻôҾֻܹһսˡʥڶݵĳĬ֮󣬱˵ʥǿĴڣٻʥеԶӢ飬һսĻʥء˵һѡ
ʥȻλûСʥ񡷵£ĲǺƿˡ¡Ķʥս
İɣҲսģҪס㡣ʥһ£Ȼα㽥ʧ
ʧ֮ʥΧĿռӡ͸ǿˡ
ߣȻִˣôͱˡ
ʥˣҲͽƿصʥٻ˳

һߣս֮ڡ
ս󣬰ɫҲ˲һ㶡
ҾܾսĻº㡣ûϤʥ񡷵Ȼ׽սˡ
У˵ʱѾд˴飬Ҫͻذ׼ҡ
Ϊ׵ݵԵʣ֪ǲܹսˣȻ׾Իƻǿɱġ


228 սϣ
뷨¶ˣֱȽعˣǹڵĹȥƻ
ǣʦǰᣬǸǰǲŵ飬һйŵ飬ôͻԥƻ
ڸܵ׵ɱ֮󣬱ܾ˵ս뿪
ߣЩʱ򣬾ѾΪսӣѾôܾôߵЦһϵġƵ޷Զ˲䷴һҳ
ռ䱻ˣɶףô뿪ģ׵ķѸ٣ԼʱѾ޷򿪿ռˡ
У첻ܹսԾʹʥ֮ƿռ䣬ҲҪ뿪ҪǸսĻһǳĲƬ̣Ȼʥ֮ע뵽˴档
ռ´޷ʹõģǰʥ֮Ҳ࣬ҪʹǿƿռĻҲܹġ
ǿ뿪ֻӵд£ҪûдĻӵٶʥֻ֮ҪǸԲǿռԣ޷ƿ뿪
ˣʱռ˵ơ
𣬲ܣ
׸ܵʥ֮ĲҲ˲˰뷨æٻһ顣
бǶ̨ɽ
һΣóġͶ򴫡һٻⱾ飬˲乹һɽĳ
ǡ龰Ȼʥ֮ʥֱӶһһŵĿףΪʹõֶΣֻʥԭſʹõֶΡ
κһֻҪӵʥԭһӦ⣬Ϳʥ֮ʥԭֱӶһһʵľ
һְλ棬вκ飬дҲ֣еֻͨĻľ
ȻĻľҲ޷ȥΪʥָԭװʱǻʧ
һֻʥдֶʱΪ˷ֹΧ˻߽ǲŻὨôһطֹսನй
Ϊ˷ֹߣֱӰʥ黯ΪһС磬档
ҪǣС棬ӵžԵȨ˰ڷһɫŻԵ൱ѿ
ףƻʥعҪ۵ģҲһʥڲ칬λҲﲻ㣬ϣǵս֮У㿼ǰƲǾ̧ʥصĹ
Ȳ˵ҴںʥصĹ򣬾ںɱʥҲ鷳ϾǹݺĴڣɱֻΪȥһѡ׼һЦͬʱֽԶʮٻ˳
ɣʵչֳĻ㻹л뿪ű˵Χѱ
ʵѾ԰˱ɱ֮ȣղŰĽͣûŹͷ׸Ӽᶨ뷨
˵֮սȻƿĳЩֻҪºͻӵи׿׵Ȼʱˡ
ǳɽ
ٻ˱֮󣬵һʱͶԯŰͷųһǿĽ
ԱϵĸɽĪа˫һָ˲仯Űȥ
ǿĹð˵׵ͷתʼóһʥ仯ΪһȦԼסԴ˷׵Ĺ
㣬ԼΧ˴Ľ֮󣬱ҶֻóӰԼгࡣ
ֿɣҿһ㡣׼ʥ֮ʥֿԼĹ󣬾ͽԯϣʱȥ׼
ԯı幥ǺǿģĹԻưķ
ڸղŵļιֻܹİԡ
ף֪ǿҲһ޷ʹʥԯ֮Ҳ޷ǸĿռ䣬˳㶯һİѱκβˡǣʹİѽĴۺܴ󣬴һʹõĻ㽫ûȥֵҹӶıĹ۲Ҳϸ
ڷԼʥظ󣬾֪ʱҲ޷ʹԯ֮
޷ӰͨĲ²⣬ǰٷְٵȷ
ڰս֮ǰ뷨ٻһ֯׶Ӱ磬ʣڲ֮ϣԼŪһ磬ЧӦҲ
󣬾ҹҵ顣
ʵֻҪһˣͻῴóҹ֮ԿסºˣĿľǴ׵ϵõôǲǿģǹ˼칬Լױʵ
ô˵Ȼ࣬Ҳִѧʿҹһֱ׺ǿһЩ飬ҹҲ̡
һ¶뵽޷Աĵزʱ˭Ҳ֪ҹһ᲻ʹĳֶȥסס
ץסһ㣬ڷס׵ĵһ󣬸æ׵˼
ҲӲ֤ױֳĹǿܵвȻҲΪʥغҹ˵¡
Ȱ˵֮Ϳ׵׻ѡ
׼ѡսĻͻԥʹóʥ׵ʥ֮Ȼ뿪
һĻʥ񡷾ͻᱩ¶ôһսʱ޷𵽳䲻Чˡ
ðû뵽ǣ˵֮׾Ȼͷ˵һǹ˽ģ˵ҲһʹĽĻʱʧȥκεĵֿ֮
ֱӳԼ㣬һ˵ʧȥֿʱ䡣
Ȼˡ˵֮󣬾˵Щʲôȴ׸ˡ
Һ֪Ҹ㵽ʲôΪ㲻ϧǸزǧƵ޹ҲҪ׶һֱǺ档
Ҫɱ׵壬ô׵Ȼ֪Ϊʲôˣɱ׵һЩ߲㣬Ҳ֪ԷĿһ칬
ҪɱԼ˾ȻͬĸĵܵܣҪǶԷδ߹ʱͶˣһ׷ǳˡ
ΪڴʱǻûʲôģʱҲûеʲôˣ˸벻Ҫɱԭ
ôһʣҲʱ
˵ʵڵģ֮ǰô飬һľ棬ûȥףŻ
ֻϧ㲻㣬һ컹ǵˡ


229 ս£
һ飬Ȼкǲԣͬʱ̾Լ֮ǰ㣬ûһʼֱӵɱס
ˣڿ϶ûõˡ
׵ѯ֮£Ҳ˵ԭ򣺡ʥĵһӣ㽫Ϊʥѡˣʥѡ˵ѾˣҲܹø㡣
еŮˣȻʥԼҵԿɶ
Կɶ÷֮ĸˣͰ¶Բκ˺ԿɶԿɶҲֻܹġ
뷨ʮͻȻһ֪ԿɶпܻΪһ˵ӣȻԽˡ
ԭˣ˵֮󣬴¾֪ʲô
ĽǶʵûʲô󣬷ֲǵȻӵзɣĽ׼ΰǰɱͨҲνŶ
׸ͬ׼֪ЩҲ԰飬еǸԿɶ׶ûŹϾǵȻô˵ԿɶͻᱨԼ
Կɶ򲻹ԼҲпȥ¡ǡ
ˣ֪ҵĶѾ֪ˣھȥɡŪ֪󣬾ʹ԰ɱˡ
ʱҲ¶һ˿ЦݣΪѾ˵ʱ׼˺ˡʥ񡷣ʱ׵磬ȻסʥӶص׼֮С
ס˿˵Ȼ죬ϵĶûз¡
ֻǾ͵Ҫʥʱȴһҫ۵Ĺââ֮°Ķ΢ͣһ롣
̶̵һ룬ٶ˫ʱͷԼֻһһ޴֮ϡ
ʥʥ
֮󣬰׵Ĵ㡣
ԭǸĽĴ۸ңҪ÷ɾ裬ΪײʹǣһʼûдʹǡݺݵĿס
ڸղţлʹáʥߵģΪһӣͱ״Ӷ뵽֮С
ûپ֡
ʥڰûв£óʥǿ֮߶˲ͰѰ뵽ս֮С
սֻҪһʧܣǾͻᱻɱҪռ棬Ѿ޷ٶ뿪ˡ
ʥǿܹҲֻʥѣʥʥıܡʥϽ׵ġסʥ飬ʥ񡷵ǿԸġ
κΣ׵ոռֱ֮ҪսɱĻòס
Ѿںãһ壬Ҳһɡ׶Ű˵һ仰󣬾Ϳʼ߳ĵһ
ҴˣһֱʥߣȻǿĹֶβ顢Ҳİѱʥûѡ壬Ǽ˵еĸп
ʵԴ׳ʲôѣѡʹдķʽͨʱսҲѡáͶ򴫡ԶʮƵ鼮ȥս
ˣڳʱ֮£ҾͶγһɴǾײȥս
ʥ󣬰ͷְǿսȻöԷӵжʲôλҪɱԷֶΣʵǿ
ǿ̫ǿˣ˵ڱңƾǸ״˱ĻҲ̫ùһʥ֮󣬶ʱ׵ı
һѵȻѡӣôͲҪҲˡû˵ĻǼ塣
ʱΪһӣһӲߵĻͻĬȨȻ׼塣
ʵǰ壬оʱʵûжãȥֿ
Ҳ˵˵ֿΪʥѪͣ뾡취ʥϵԴ˵õʥİ
԰֪ԣʱҲֻʥܹﵽˡ
սȻԳƿռ䣬ǸѾλĴˣӦܹܵҵѪԤŶԣΪλ׳֣һ˵ϣʥ

ʥأ׼ҡ
׼ʥǿļ֮һķ羰ԭҲʥΪɫһ
ͨ˵͵˰׼ҵķ羰֮󣬻ﵱһССͯǶǳԸ⣬Ϊķ羰ͨɾ
ԭɾһİ׼ңڽʱͻȻһƬ棬ԴȻʥУ¡ĳ߶ʥɵˡ
ǿȴ޷ȫӳټ㱾شӦǼ˰ɡʥھһ֮ͻȻһˣȻԶʥ˵ôһ䡣
ʥȷʵǿǱ˵״̬ԸղŶʥȻĲʥսʥ취ƽĿռӡòӭ
ȻѾ˼ޣסӻûġʥʵʵûдĸʥƴֻҪһʱѡ
ΪѾˣڽסʮӣϢݳȥĻһĿΪı䣬Խ͵Ϊֹɡʥܵİûʱ䶼ȥʮӣҲͱʾʱðռսˡ
֪ҹҵҹ˫Ѫѵ֢״ȥĻҾͽöѪ㡣ʥһ˵ţһ߽һöɢ޾Ѫĵҩ˳
ѪȻӵĵҩʥҩ˲䣬ҲͣϵĹ
öѪʥߵѪƶɣֻҪһöҩȥôҹҵҹ˫һԾѴ˵еҹѪҹ۹ıأʱ˵ҹһΪλʥȻ˵ҹҵԴ
ҹ۹ҹҡ
֮ϣҹ˷ǳ֮٣ÿҹ˳ֺ󣬴ҾͶ뵽һԶŵĴڣǾҹ۹
Ļ뵽һŻһ޴ŻΪǸŻ͸ҹ۹ӵżĹϵֻŵ֮ӡ˶ѡ
㣬벻ŸոճΪλͰлɱʥߣָĵҩֻ㲻ҩĺ𣿡ʥɻһ䡣
ѪҪö˵һöѪͿȫѪӵоųɵļʾѪдĹһҲ͵ڴʥλţֻҪպضܹʥλ


230 ϣ
ʥأսڡ
װѡͶ򴫡Ϊһ֮սھҲ׺ͰˣֻܹһĴţڲȻһķɽˡ
ͨһĴţȻֻһʱ磬ռǿȾʥ߶򲻿Ҳ֪׵׷ʲôȻҪʹֶԸ
׵϶Ϊϸ뵽ʲôĳޣͶܹ³һš
ǰ׵Ĵ޷ǾǺɫɱѣʱһ㶼ǷǳǫģһͨһЩ¼Ϳ֪
ˣղ׿˵ԭ㣬ͱʾ֮ǰһֱĳһˣȻֺ֪󣬲֪˾ҪǰҲûзϣҲ˵֪ףһĶʲô顣
֪ף񲻾˵Ҳ֪׵ݣǸݰ׼ҵĹһ׻ع׼ңôͻΪʥѡˣҪڵĳɾ˵׼ûأʥѡҲֻ׵ϡ
Ȩ֮Ů֮벻ȻǸҪɱ׵ˣΪƵĪѧʿкü
ɶһҪػţܹʥȥȰ
սЩսԼһЩʥҵӵڸϹ֮󣬼ûһӾͰ׸˳
ʵ˵׵Ĵ󲿷鶼ѾˣҪ֪ʲôìܣֻҪ΢һ¾Ϳɵ֪
Ǿ͵ЩֹľԮʱսڵĿռͻȻ쳣һӱֱӳĴŸǰ
ʥ
ˣֹȥ
ߣԭʥҲˣѾûʸʥˡ
ԼĶɱףԼĶӲǶӪȣȷʵѾͳʥˡ
ԴӰгΪʥ֮߹ԺͶʼʥԣҪԼҵʥسϣ׼ٿᣬʥ
һʥֺ֮󣬶׷׶·ȫںʥ֮λʵ
Ѿ֪ȻżĲࡣʥ˵ļ󣬱֪Եɡ
ǣʥʵҪΪ£˼㱻˵Ҳûд
λʥصĹҪ֤ݣӵ֤ݵĻһֵ˵ɱ˰û֤ݣ˵֤ݲͨʥصĲþ˽Զ֣ȴǴʥصĹ򡣡ʥʥع
׸ìܣ˲ӦֱӶ֣ͨþܹѡô
ʥ˵֮ڳǾͶĬˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫֹʥ磬һʱҲҲûվˡ
İɣһжΪ࣬ҲʧģʥҲ˵֮һ㡣
ʥλĴڣȻղźͶʥһʱ䣬״̬Ķʥڶˡ¡֮£Ҳʥһѡ
һʥλĸսʱԿֻ׵ĻԵ޹ؽҪˡ
꣡
ⲻʥһ֮󣬺ܿһɼǿ˲佫֮Ÿˡ
֮ŷ˲䣬˲䱬һǿĹâס˵Ŀ͸֪ʥҲˡ
âҲֻǴ˲䣬ɢȥ֮󣬡Ͷ򴫡ԭͳ˵ǰ
ģͶ򴫡ԭ
칬ġͶ򴫡벻װⱾ鶼ˡ
ҪС֣Ͷ򴫡ֻʥѣ׾顷Եá
ˣش칬ҲҪٵĴ۰ɡ
ҿʥ顢飬һЩкηڶ칬ˡ
˿ˡͶ򴫡֮һҪ칬뷨ʱ˵Ժ֮и˳
칬ضǿӵгԽ֪飬һ֯ڵÿһ˹ۿôܹˡ
ȻǡͶ򴫡׸칬ԲͨĹϵʥⱾʱҲ΢һ£Ȼֳܿһ뷨
ˣ׵ļƻģ׶칬˵ҲǳҪֻҪʥ֮Уô칬λͶҹвʥǾ԰ȫĵط
ʥȻ칬Ҳǲϵʥ
ǣ㰵ȴ糹ʧȻѰߣԴָŰºɱףð׼˳̳ʥ
ʥ˺һȴ±鼮ģ׺ͰӰûгս֮ڡ
˵Ӱûг֣ȴһõ̳ʥϷ
ǸȻСսǰǰۿģͻᷢľǳ׺Ͱվ̵λ֮ϡ
ϢʥʥϢĸӦ˵ʥһǳȷõ̾ʥ
ܹܵΧҲܹܵܲҲԸ׺ͰûгֵԼĻµһ㡣
Դ׳Ȼʥߵȴûʥս벻һΪ˰ȻʥǵĲ²Ȼȷġ
Ϊʼˣ֮ϣһǱսУֻҪϲףô³ֻһ
ˣǲ֪ʥܹܲʥķѰȳ
ʥӦģÿһϰ˶ʥһֵʥҲûа취ǿаѰȳ
һЩ򡣡
˱Ϊ׸ս˭ֻһ㱣ľսʥڽеġ
һĻ֮ǰĵҲǶˣھֻʥֶˡ
鷳ˣʥǿϡסʥ׵ʥ֮Ҳ޷ǿнսռѰȳʥüͷ壬һֱõȻ֪һϷǳǿᡣ
ǣΪǺ˽Ҳ뵽һԼսڣô׸ղԷӳ
ʱ˼ʥһ뷨ֻûüʵ飬ΪǸ뷨Ĵ̫ˣɹԱҲżĸá
ֻܹˣϣͬƲһ㣬ҵһŬͶװ׸ˣδʥ֮Ҳ뵽׵ϡʥ̾Ϣһ󣬾ʹĿռóһż


231 £
ռ֮ڡ
Ȼһֱʱ䣬ҲڰѰƵ˾ֻҪ壬ͿԻɱˡ
ֻǣʱͻȻüͷһ壬Ȼ̧ͷһϷ
ҵ类ˣһǳɵľͱˣܹôһ㲢һˣʥֻ֮˰ɡ׵һʱ뵽ʥ
֪ʲôʱʼ׾ͶʥطǳĵִȻĵشܾʥزԼӦôڵĵط
˵Դʥظ칬עǵжԵĹϵ
ҲΪ绹壬ûĻͻʥظ칬֮սʱѾǱԽԽˡ
ȻʥӵλʵʥҲǳǿᣬӦûľҲûʱ䡣ֻǿһϷ󣬾Ͳı仯תԸŰ
ʱͲͬˣ类Ƶ˲䣬͸ܵ˰־֮
Ǹף״˹Ȼˣǹҵġһʱ䣬ͻȻо顣
ȻҪ֪ʥĿģͲôˡ
Ȼˣ׾ɱҲֻʣˣҵ׸ԾȣҸΣڸܵ˻ŵϣ󣬸æеעŵ˼λķ֮ϡ
ռ䣡ռ䣡ռ䣡
ڰż˼ʱʥһ־ͻȻ˹־ܵʥƣٴʱֻкܼ򵥵һǾǿռ䡣
ռ䣿ˣﱻռţ¸޷ﵽҡõʾȻ٣Ⲣ뵽
ǣı۾Ȼ˲ŴӿһѪ
԰Ѫʮʥ֮ΪۣٴٻҰ׼ҵԶӢ顣
ԭѡٻ׼ҵӢ飬Ĵ˵ҲǳأҪ֪ľѪغѪĶѾ
һγȥ󣬰Ҫǵò㹻ҩָôǷˡ
ɰ׼ҵε֮һ㵹ǲҪġ
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׿ŰĶͻȻһɲԤС
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УĽǿĹǳʲôĿģ׶׷İѽġ
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ףѾˣԽɱҵģȻҪҽҲþңĻһܵСȻ֪Լӹһ٣ûԼ顣
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֪״ԼңһΪϲԿɶԵʣԾƾв³Ѿעˡ


233 硷֮£
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234 칬֣ϣ
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ǿ⻯͵֮ԣҵİٱϡȻ⻯ûʵ壬ȴʱΪʵ鼮еҪ˼άҵ˼ά໥棬ȫͬʱ顣
֪û⻯Ҳû뵽⻯һ֣൱ڴѧʿֻûдѧʿѡ
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׼һԼ״źİѡͶ򴫡ʱ
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ȼȻҲ޷׵֮׻ָٲᴦڼƣ״̬
뷨ڽȥʥصԺ飬Լлָ֮Ϊд׼


235 칬֣£
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ʥɽʥأ಻ͬʥƽոκֻ֣ҪشߵʱǲŻĸ߲㶼ۼ
ȻԴϴս廹ûһΰеʥ߶뵽ʱ򣬼һιʱ̳֣ԼʱǶûаеʥλٻ
ڽ죬ڴʱ˿̣еʥ߶ܵһɼǿٻȻǽٻ֮󣬾һǿĿռ֮תƵʥصһ޴̳ǰ
λ뿴һϵı仯ûв´ĻӦþǸ칬֯Ķ
칬칬ϵĹ칬֯һʼĿЩǵҪܵظǿᡣ
һָоǾЩǿ칬޷׿סǣԵ칬׳ʱǻռ켸
ֻĲ²⣬칬Ҫ޷ЩҲͰˣͬҪа취ƣôǽȥ͵Ѱ·
ϸ룬칬ܵظʱ칬ֻλλڳˣܵظȴƿأҲ²Щͬʥһ㣬ȻԱӵ鼮˲ݣҲͬߡ
Щ϶Ƿ״̬ʥֻҪʥʱģǶӦ鼮Ҳһ˿ϵѣ˿ϵǿնϡ
ѣͿǵѡˡ
ʥߵǷǳڿЩ󣬲ûеһʱеɥ˼Ҫδеõô
ȥ̽飬ɣΣҿ뿪칬λǷǳǿֻҪӵĻǶҡ
ʥ۵ǵʥ˺ʥһľǾλһǿʥȥһϵĹûΣա
ò˵õѡԵ˵֮ʥûзԡ

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ɽȻʥˣɽʥءʥͬ
Ĺ涨Ǿֻǿһɽǿһ壬Ǹһ塣
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һʧȥ˺һ֧ǿķ֧Ȼͱͷһѹסˡ
һʥƾŴͻƳΪλǿһȻһˡ
쵱ϳֹ֮ͽеʥٻ˹һǶλٻԾǺҲòμһεʥᡣ
Ƕյ˰ɣۼƵϢĳ־칬֯Ūģ֯Ҫµʱһĳǿķ򣬶϶Щйϵ˵֮ʱҾͻȥһʱлĻҪǶһȥӶЩ
û˵ϻֱӰԼ뷨ݸеʥʥµ壬Ƕû֪ͨΪʥλҪǷȥͶ
ЩʥûһҪΪǶͬĻһЩʥ߾ôġ
ǣȴʱüͷаһ֪Ϊʲô뵽칬ʱȴһˣǾף
һ̣ͻȻֳ׵ӰӣǸӰԽԽ·һжйϵһȻе׶һӦǸ칬йϵģ̲ס뵽ס
ˣˣȻǿ̫СˡҡҡԼ˶Դͱ۾뵽˼µ״̬ʱȴٻ

壬ʥء
׵дͥĹҲȫˣǻǺֻǴڰƷ״̬
ע¼ֻŴ
һܱʼ֮д˵4µĽβҲһ仰
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дһº΢ϢһСͼʼд
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һ£ձȥ԰ȻȴңˡҴᡯ͵ҺζԼת𵤵Ʒɴֱӷͥص˻ɽ֮УҲһŭ֮ɳʮ콫ȥΧա
дһ֮ûг֡
ˣܹоˣֻҪдȥܿҪˡдһ漴ͼд
ڵѾ֮ͬǰˣ֮Ȼһֵ⻯֮ϣʣµһ֧дʥ顣


236 磨ϣ
ǳǿǿĺôǾԴﵽѧʿ
Ȼ۳⻯ȥһ룬Ǿصľԣӵеľ˲˵ٿдʮû⣬ÿдһ£ʮ
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ڷֵʱʥصףͻȻǰһʥصҰ
Ұͨ޷˫ۿģһϤӰǾǺ
ֻת˲ţҲʹſ˼Ӷѣ߾»صԼķС
ջǳˣʵĸ磬ܹ鲻ǲ̫ϲ̵ģȻ̵Ļ̲ɷϣҸ˾û취ε̾˿
˵ʵдʱһֱܼɻ̣ȻҪдμǣô̵ĴȻ޷ӱܣҺ÷еļؾ
أȻ̵֣ôҪͷ۵ȻҲ壬Ͼһµϵ֪ʱء
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У׽һı׶ˣǾ׵⻯ܹһĻʧȥļ䣬᳹׵ʧȥ
˵׵ѡ˵ĻʵҲǿķա
׵⻯һôǾ⻯ǿԻΪ޵ģΪ屾ɻ۶ɡ
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ˣȻʥˣ֪Ҳ뵽ˣ֪Ĳж󣬵Ӱ˶ٵˡ
ʱܹ¶ԼݣϾǶ֪칬ˣԺпܻҪõô΢˼һֱӱ仯òԼһͨ
ܵĵżǿĸţһ˸仯ģڼ⻯Եʣʥ˽Ҳ׵αװ
λҲֻһֻҪСһЩĶˡ
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ҹΪƺףº˸Ȼŵ׳ΪԺСȵĵһ󣬾͸һĻᣬɼȨҲƿҹҵϣײŻ
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Ӱ˲䣬оһ˵²֣ΪһĻ֤²ʥ֮С
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ԭĶһ𣬿ҹǰǹͬһطˡͨһ㣬ͷ
漴һΧִһΪǰľ𾪣Ǳ㲻ɫǵǰ
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Ǹ磬̫ˡҲǸˣʶľ˵׻Уȴֹˡ
׶ҡҡͷȻСĶ˵ǵĴȫԴҸһ뿪ҵһȫĵطٰһеԵɶǡ
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˵ˣͥʮ֮ڵءͳ⣬޾תȨġ
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ͥÿһŸԵˣȻЩ˽ȴ󲿷ֶ٣ΪҪμһ¡صʥᣬΪʢᡣ

˻ڵĵطȻʮ칬ֲ̫Ϣȣԭʱһ۵ۿסĹ׾ڸ뿪ɫʱʶ̧ͷһϵľҡ
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˵⼸ˣʥǸɣ̫ǾǰǲһĴڡ
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Ǹô죿Ǽͣ£Ҳ͸
ˣ¶ǿԼڻܹٻ鼮΢ͣһ£һ䡣
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ʴ֮֮ͥȷʵ͸ǿᣬǲ֪Ͷ򴫡УΪǿ֣ΪνˡˣȻڽλãôһε֮УԲͥǰҡȭͷȻһʴ۵ļ䡣
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Ϥһµݺ뵽ǣվȻǰ̤һߣֱӴռ̫ǰ
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ȻʱǾǸոս̫̫Ǿ׹󣬸æƿ׵ĸǰȻҲľ͹ڵأиߺμʴۣСոͻȻЩ˲֪ĴҵĹҪϱû롭
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ڰµ˴֮󣬲Ž⿪ϵƣֹٶ˵Լݡ
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240 ңϣ
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242 ľ棨ϣ
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˵ʵܹõȰѾǷǳˣײûлشֻĬĬĵͷ֪ʲô
̬ȣȻúΣҲ˵ʲôϾʴϻ֮УȻλ߹󣬵ʵϲˡ
ˣΪ֮ɡ
׿˼ۣ뿪Ҳʵһ
벻ȻԳ治֯Σϧ˵һжõģҪֻǾܵĵõôʲôĸûκιϵа˵һ䡣
ɲҰˣϾܹͨģԱҪСһ㡣
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˵ףҵڻ֪ΰҴȥȻʴۣôȻдռ䡣
뵽ͿʼĴ淽ʽ
ҵˣԪϸԪ񣡡
׵˼ˣܿи۵ʴ۳ǰõʴ۾ϸԪ
ϸԪͨԪ˵߼ԪˣԪ񵽴󶼿ԣֻҪڴﵽʥ˼𣬾Ϳ԰ϸԪͶӰ֮ӵϷȻΪٲĴڡ
ǣʴȻǿϸԪ񣬿ûʥߵľ磬޷ϸԪͶӰ֮ϡ
ϸԪ߼ԪȴǳΪҵԪ񡣡
׼ϸԪ˲ͱĹ췽ʽϢסˣ֪ڿʼϸԪˣΪڷʱ׵͸ϸԪ϶Ϊһˣںϡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰԼջʲôϸһĻ֮ڵõʲôıôջҲֻһˣΪϸԪ
̤Ьٴȫѹ벻һֱ˼εõĺôû뵽ĺôѾõˣϸԪϸԪ񰡡
֪һԼ˳뿪ôϸԪһԸһص硣
ԣ϶ôϸԪԿ϶ӵһЩеľԡ
ʴɣͬʱҲ
ǲָͬʴɡͬ޵Ĵڡ
ɵϣʴʵǰʮȥ֮ϣʴȴߵģϸԪ񼴴ʴ۵飬ͬʱҲ
ֻҪ״ϸԪ磬ô͵ڲøκŬͰԼķ
ĺôö˵һͻȻֲðˣٲȥð̫ķգΪҪϸԪȥ
ϸԪпռ䣬ռȻرĴ󣬵װһһǷǳԣġ
뷨ױ㽫뵽֮УϸԪصʴ۵֮ڡ
ʵʴ۵Ҳǿǳǿȴ붼ȥ룬ΪܹܵдʱƵģֻܹ硣
ȻѾõˣôҲȥˡһʱ䣬֪ʢѾʼˡ
ĹЩСѾȥˣȻ·ǳȻʴ۲Żǳ
ʥǣǲμʥᣬΪҶЩʥҲһöûУֻЩͨɣŻеҪң΢һ͵񣬶ҿرء
ȻѾ˺ܶ࣬ǵȴˡ׿һʢǱһǰ
Ϊ۳ʴ۵רݣɾŵĵ۳ͷȥݣʵҲŽɼΪ
Բò˵ôһݣҪȵϺκκǿ
СϳȻʼ׷׼ʥʱ䣬ȵʱһݳСæԳУȻǰʢĵص㡣


244 ǿľ飨ϣ
ʱòμʢʸĸ·ɾѵڵȴһ벻顣
ǾʢʳѾ֪٣֪ǲΪ׵˹ԵʣԭӦǱƻķǳҵģڵĳزңֻеһжʧˡ
һʢĸʴۣԸ·ȻԼʳҲû˵ʲôΪǻʸִ֡
ֱһɾɵĻֺЩ˱㶼վȻиߺӭۣ
ǧ߳˾۳ϿտҲ󣬱ĶϵһŮʵΪΣ
ʵ֪˵ˣֱӸǸϵŮӾĸΪ㹻ҪŮź
һ㵹ʡȥ²⣬˭ʴµļвû̫˵ļ䣬ʧʲôĽͥǲõġ
ۣǻʢʳﶼ͵ˣ͵Щʳա
ĸﲢû˵˵ĸµһŮɡ
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ּ⣬ųʮ콫ѻɽͨͨù鰸ޱҪڣۡװվų콫ȥԸա
õָ콫ڲӵʱھ;ۼҺܿ˻ɽϷ
콫֮ҲŸ·ɻص֮ϡ
Ϊø·˽׻ٻ쾵Դ˹ۿǱߵ
˻ʱ׺Ȼ߸Ƕ֡
꯳ˣȻҲսƽֶѣ
ȵȣﲻǶˣѾˣȥĻԽ
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ȻշǳҲƬ̹򣬱Ѿóձذˡ
˵ͥûʧֻܹʴλϵȴܲζ
ųʮװ콫ȻҪôץסգǶԾûʹȫڵĹԣڶԸûлû۽𾦵˵ӦòѴ֮ŶԣҲǵõλʥߵָŻˮ
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ǰĻ׶߸ʥŵֻǾأ粢Ϊʴ֪֮Ϊζ߸ʥ߳˳ɼ·߸ʥ߶ͥ˵Ƕһ롣
ʵϸҲǣͥӦȨļӪУͥȴΪߴʥߵĸֲ֮ͥλҲǺһ仰Ϳģͥûʲôſԡ
ڡͶ򴫡ص棬Ե֪ͥһʱ߸ʥߵĵ磬¶Ӷ۵
ĴҲҶ۵ίߣȴҳͷǣΪһͷǾ͵ڶ岻Ƕʱʴ˵һجΡ
ڣò׾֮սͥӵͳ˧ʥߵʱͥԵ÷ǳֻܹ֮ڲ
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ϣͷ·еֱʶ֮ϣ˲ͱûجج˼鶼úǼѣͷ·һžסʱɱһ
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ĸ·ڿ״ƾվͰܻ󣬶ʾ׷׵𾪣Ұ˽顣
һǾϱ͡
ΧĸɻĿһס
һֱĸﶼͣҪʴǿһ£Ҫηʥ˵ʴ۴û˭ͻȻϣһ˲ոƷˣһʵϡ


245 ǿľ飨£
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ۣոյľٶʵǡ˶ĬʱͻȻһͷ׵˳
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ͥһζͥϣҪ︶ۣھͶǿ췣Ǿһۿܷ֪Ҳ͵͵ճԵ¯ɵȻɻ۽ˡ
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վԣֻҪձѹɣԲһҪմȻҲմΪѹָɽ档
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޷зִ硣
׵Ļشһ䣬˦ĸ֣Ȼ˶ʹС
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׹˲䣬Ҳеӵ˴˵еĻ۽𾦡
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ʵҲͳɵѣʹóʮɵضûа취ѳΪյҲΪһʴ۵ǿԸһᡣ
ſңſ
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׵ձʱͻȻܵһϢԼȻϢԷǳİȴ붼Ͳµߺˡ
Ҿ֪ɱյģһض֣ĻһҶս
ܵʴ۵ĳֺײûеǣй΢


246 VS棨ϣ
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ԭ˵ǲܼĴڣΪԣл˵еķһˡ
ȻǼĻ׸е֮ԻеΪ׽лС
ڻûгֵĴ㣬ڵȴᣬֻΪҲҰô׵˽ӣ沢ûжֵĴ㡣
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ҪǱס̫ʱ䣬վ궼ܵش
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⻰һ˵꣬ΧĿռһ䣬֮ǰĶʹ·һ޴֮ϡ
ƵϷһ޴壬ͷ·ǱŴʮһ㣬˵ױСʮ
ĳԭʹõͨҲûͳģȴס
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׿һԼ״漴ЦһȻն׽Ӽ£˲зĽ
˵ԼͨΪзƻΪһС磬Ȼ󽫵סͨһҲͳΪСݡ
һĻסĵֻܹݲܹȥ˵ҪŷɳȥǸǲܵģȻҲգΪĲ̫ˣոһеıʡ
ڿʴ壬ܵзĽ֮󣬵һʱҵͨ㡣


247 VS棨£
зԣǾ޷ܸǿȵĹһ˶зǿĹƾҪˡ
ͨĻȻںն׽ĹǾͲһĹˡԸղǼԣҪ治ͨôֻ־ͻᱻնΡ
Ĺǵһ͵ı泷֮ͨҲ𾪡
Դз֮ͨ󣬻ǵһα˼򵥡ǿķƵ
֮ǰԸ˵ʱ¶ԷҲͬΪ޽ɣҲֻÿռ䴫һ׵ǰȴû˿á
ʴۣΪȴն׽սһ̫ʧˣ黹ǽҴɡײӣҲü˵ǴֱҪա
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һ˵꣬оͰһˣܿն׽һָȵЦ֮ҲҺųͥᲢۣѲսͥĵλ˵Ҫͥս
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ҿһɱΪһģͥҡת𵤡ԼıȵȣҲƽˣ﹩ȥȣҲǣ
׿ǿͭᰡˣڽƱһҲ档
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治磬óǴҪң뵽׾ǲ˳뿴˶ѡ
ΣҪգȹһء
һ˵ţһ߶ϵ·һ㡣
𣡺𣡺
һ֮£˲оŵ֮˳ȻսͿԿǳϿӡ֮ӣȻû֣Ǵ·֮ӡ
֮ӻµľŸӣȻȴűݺͨ
Ҫǣ֮Ƕһ޶ģ˵ǵͨԴһҲǴĳһȻǻΪ֮ӣֱֻܹ֮һ
Ҳ˵֮ӵĳһͨ˱ͻ᳹׵
֮ڷʱھʧˣ˭Ҳ֪֮ȥˣ˵ڶ֮У˵ɽɽ
Ҳ˵ǳˡ
ǣ˭Ҳû뵽֮ӾȻʴ۸ѱˣҾͷӡĵ֮ϡ
Ȼ֮ӣʴۺʱǿ濴֮ӳֺжʱ˳˵ͷ
Ҫ֪֮ӸǴ޽ɼ𣬱ϾǿĺӣÿһͨԹһĻѾЩˡ
ٻ˳׻ƿѪĻһЩĴ󣬶԰ʱתΪˡ
ת൱ʮʱ̹һֵĻʥһս
սɣͺ¿ֻҪܹ³ŹУҾͰս㴦ƲȥǾͽɢ硣ٻ֮Ӻг˼ǿš
ǺͻȻһ˵һԼ
ɶʴ۾Ȼ˿ҡ汻˵֮Ȼǳķŭûбֳ
֮ϣЩȷʵը˹
ô۾Ȼٻ֮ӡ
̫ǿˣʵ̫ǿˣ֮ΪõĻʥû˭ܹӮùˡ
ƾ֮ӣԲ۵Ķֻ֣֮ԼĻ˵֮ӾֻܹһΣ
ǿ֮ԼδЩϴ󡣡
ڸһ̨£˳Ҳһͥ
һսûҲûκʵСͥˡ
·Ϊױֳе𾪣ǻ뵽ôԭ
ֻǣǶ´˶ѡ
֮ҪزΪ֪һձѹָɽºľͽˣҪڽ֮ǰһʴ۵жǿ
һ飬Լŵˡ
ڣĸ׵Ҳ¶ãɫ죬ʱôǿΪʲôҶ֪
ĸʴԭͬλĵͯ׵Ļ˵÷õһѡ
Դʴ۳ΪۣΪĸ֮˵ķԽԽˣĸĿʼʴͥһЩҲʼִ
ĸ׵ıȷʵ֮ǰʴ۶ڻĸһʡ
ȷʵûдΪڣ
ʺܼ򵥣Ѿ˵ˣĸȴ벻һ㣬ײ͵Ļǵ֮Ҳ֪һ㡣

ʹС
׵Ѿִ۷壬֮ҲĿףֻҪһ´֮Ӿͻ
ͺ¿㵽ûУǷԸ֮ԼҲԥһһͺ¿š
˵ʵںͺ¿֮󣬾͵Ѿе޷ߣ̫ʥˣײںΪ˶á
ʱͷˣ֪Լٻ֮Ӻ׵Ķ֣Ӧ׵Ҫ֮Լͻһֻܹеʵ
Щ˲ô룬Ҳ׵Ĳܴ
ȻȻ˵Լ󣬵ʵǳ˲ԸԼס
µòһ㣬ԴӦͲӦ˵Ƿǳѵľ


248 Ʒ½
׵ѹȣաʴۣ̫ˣѵ±ʥߺ𣿡
仰ֱӴ׵ģĻɲĿŵ˵ΪҪǳĺõ
زҪ治붪˵ĻֻܹԶظղŵĻȻ˵ǽ߻ħʲôģԴ˼ǵĺƽ
źǣôȥĸܣô˵˼š
ǣĴױ֮ĺֱӶͺ¿ʲôֱ˵ɣҪңҵжҽӣôͲҪͥ顣
Ȼ֮ڱӡ˺ܳʱ䣬˲٣ǾŸϲرǿǸǰأҲǿɡ
ʵƺСʵѾǳǿˣΪĴڱʥ֮ĵǿ֮һ
УΪ׵ֱӵ氵д飬ʱò˶ò˼Ͼûж˭ʾ
˼飬Ȼڸ۴вء
Ҳпúвۡ
ϧûв۱仯󣬶۴һʼûдͽ⣬Ҳ˵ҪΰռƻУôͱҪ۵вС
ǰĻ˵۵ˣ۵ʮܶ˭۾Ȼôǿ
һн֮ͥˣıսϣܹѡԼλá
һ㲻˵Ҳ
ͥڵ׸ź󣬶ȸԱһ
Ͼ˭ϣԼڵһǿء
ĸЩı̬û˵ʲôοĻΪҲͬϣǿȥʥߵʱҪڱϥ
ۣҲ֪˵ʲôȻˣôΪͶͥĹϵ룬ҾʹӦ󡣡ջѡӦף˵ʱɺмɡ
֮ǰ汻̵ʥɳյʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ҲҪգδ£治òӦһ㡣
ۣȻִҪսôҾ㹥ܹҵķҾͲյ飬֮޷ҵķǽ͵ΪֹҲҪǸ㿴Σ
Ϊط̵ӣȻƤ˵Ļ
ߣ֮
׵Ȼ֪ˣȻһֱ棬ڰȴСĵĹ۲һһ
ˣ
׿ŵʱͻȻֳһƷǳǿһʼʱֻк鱦ϢǵȻ˿鱦Ϣ
ǡ½ʮƷ½ڵľƷ½
׿Ľ֮жʱ΢΢һ
һʼȷʵǳ治ԼĶ֣ǽԼҲˣǼʧǻս档
˭ڸոƬ̵Ĺʥ߾ȻѾƷ棬˱ӵҲֻʥ߸ˡ
ⲻʹó˹½֮󣬾ڵǶ̲ס
ͺ¿Ȼʥ߽˹½鱦㲻ԼԳŹ۵С
޳֮ܰǰսȻҸʥ߽豦棬ѵö𣿡
ֲ۽ôӣԭͿ˷̵޳ܡ
ĿŵףֱΥ֮
ͥĽ֮ǳ֮󣬶ǵֱʣܼ򵥵ľͱˡ
ȻЩָȴĲ·һ޹һ㡣
ƤΪģô֧֣׵Ǹое㿪ģһʱҲ뵽˽İ취
ͺ¿ǿ֮ҲǿȻ粻Ҫ½ôͲҪˡ
Ŀһ棬۾ȻԺһ
ȥѣȥĸǰԱƷ½ͬھ
´׵Ǳ㸡ֳһ˿Ц
˵ģռʴ۵壬ԭʴԸԣǾ᲻֮Աġ
ʴƿ֮ӵĴУڰѾ֮ӣҲ᲻ãΪһͷΪ޽ɼҪܳʱ䡣
ԣʱ䲢ﵽǸҪҪԵѾδδеʱκҪΪ޽ɶǳļѡ
֮ӾһɱﵣҲǿĻ׸´Աƻһ˶š
Ҳû뵽һ㣬Ե֮ʱܶûܣǰЦǺǵĿף·һо֮С
Ȼ
䣡
һ綼ľ޴֣ЦǺǵɫʱͱ˾
ΪԱǻкϢԱ˲ʹݻ˾Ʒ½ǿನֱӰĸ˺÷飬˺Ϲ½
˵ǳҪϾϸԪ
ߵĻȻҪǱȥĻɿԴֻҪϸԪǿӵеıﹻ࣬ôöþָܹ
޷߾Ͳһ޵ȻҲ꣬ٵĻһΪǳʧȥˣܹתôûǧꡢʱ䶼ָԼʵ
ǿһٵĻ˵ǧˣҪûʥߵİæǧ궼ָ
ϲŻḡɫ
ϾҲǶ޷ˣȻ𾪣ϵķȴû¡
˵Ĵۣ;Ʒ½Ĵ۽һ̲סĶ׺ۣ㾹ز
Ҳˣ׵ˣ֮һƷ½ȻϣһĻʥ˺ȳѾǲɱˡ
ƵǣƷ½ʥһıԵ½ȥ֮ǸʥҲҪش
ʥߵȻǿǱٵһֵĻҲˡ
һ֪Ľ棬֮ӵԱٵ˾Ʒ֮ǸʥҲʱ˾ơ
ƳκεĿռֱӾͽٵ˶ʹ֮УҲľͳ׵ȥ


249 Ԫ
ʹڡ
֮ĺԱ֮ʹ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽˣԱǿ·ʹûгֹκνһ
Һ֮ͥӵһǿĴ֮£ͥôҲһİͥԭȻֻҪʱܳǳĳ
ֻһĻôһЩһ֮ھָܹ
ڶʹգҲನˣһʱ䶼ʧȥ˵ֻֿܴ֮Ŀ׺档
һʼڴ칬ͥĴɱʱΪԼѾǶǿˣ˭ױֳȻôǿ
˵֮ˣն׽Ͳܹģµһನո֮ӵԱԭĻôھѾˡ
УȻ׵ǿܵη壬ǸͻȻֵĺҲǿڲ֪ܵ˳صһȻȥ˿ֻ·һЩˡ
ȻܵˣǲֳģԳ׸汾֮⣬Ĺսߴӱϸˡ
һܹ²ĵһЩ˴ɻ֮С
ͺ¿Ϊ˾Ʒ½ܹ
״˾Ʒ֮󣬾ʹ泰һĻû˵꣬ͷһɼǿ־ԽռԼ
𣡡
־ֻ̺һǾǷ
ǷĸɾͶȥˣѹ׵һʱ䶼֪ȥ
һʱͷԼ뵽һã֮Уױ㽥ʧȥ˶һеĸ֪·ԼһյСһ㡣
壬ѾӦˡ
ǡͼݣ
ʱƣڹ˲֪ûᣬ·𿴵ͼݡ
ֻǴš
ôۣҺй
׶ͼݿ˼ۣͷԼжǱתͷ
ţ磿
عͷֿ֮һǣһĴţֻҪвͣĴݳһųףҪ뵽ͼ֮С
ʥһˣ
֮˲ԼϷʲô
ڸոգںܾúܾǰ뵽֮Уȴһʥ߲һеĶһһ״磬ļз֮С
һ磬ǰһǽ磬ǿһ
ʧʥߵĹֱɱң߷ҲҪ˰ɡ
׿Χһɵı֮У֮ǰıô࣬ôҲû뵽Ľ
ɾΪԼʱͻȻǱִһϤ

ϤԽԽǿ׺ܿ컹ֻǸģĲǺǿ
˭˵ʲôֹ˺һײ̲סĴ
۹
Ԫ壬۹
ϸǹϤʱͻȻһĴд˳
̻ԻͣɢͥϢһ־͹סףȻ֮С
ˣ
ع֮ʴ۵˲ףǻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԭˣȻղŶ˵֪ʱ䣬ȴǰӶѡ׻ͿԼ״̬
һߣɷŭĿҹƺȴ׵Ļش𣬻شΪʲôҪһ
һߣҲǱߡ
ʱЩֵʦվڴУǿдʣǲĳһ󷨡
Ԫ󣬵һµǿ󷨣ʥߵĹҲܹ˵ֻǷɵȴɵĵֵʥߵллˡ׿һжǵһл
ûղž׼ʱЩҲ˻Ԫױ㱻˻
Ԫǵһ۵ۿͶ̫һúͼ鲼õ󷨡
ഫǵۿӺͼãݺ֮֮һȫǷպϹɽȵĲֶ裬ɭ
֮⣬ͥһǿĹ󷨣ΪǶ
˵ǶǳǺͼɽʱڵĴӻ󴨣գ棬ݻϹźı仯Ҵĵطв֪ʱţܿѩɽɺ󣬲׺ɣͼ֮ϵĻһǧһɲǵƹ֮ãҲƹ
ʶոͥûԪ󱣻׵ʱһԼ·ĸо
ʵԪ󲻽ԱҲͬԱΪ뵽޾ʱУԶɽԶ޷صʵ֮С

ĳء
һɮ·װˣڸܵǹԶźϢ󣬵˵ԪҲˣ˵ҸоϢƾ޷ҡ
˵֮е㽥ȥȻ󳹵ʧˡ

ͥʹ
׵þ֮󣬱˵ͺ¿ɸҽҵڶ
˸ղʥߵĹ֮׶ӡӲˣһھͺ¿лӡ
ԣ̬ȣȻ޵ҧȴ÷ŭΪҪάԼӡ
о仰˵ĻҪӻھ
ӷʥߺ۰ħû뵽ȴȺ֪ƻǿϧĺܡֿʼ׵ǣҲ˵ӵħ
ϻˣûħֻǿȺͺ¿ΪǣΪ̴˱͸öǵͷҶǵƤֵزеʵǺǡ
ʱ䣬׵ĻӦ֣Ǻǡ
Ǻǣַǳ棬Ȳ˵ĴҲǼĴ裬𵽵ЧȴԶֱͼʵڶࡣ
ߣȻۻִԲôڽΡ
汾ʱ䣬Ȼȴʥ߸ԼΧģͻȻʲôȻɫһϲϥ֮У˳㻹ǰһָ
ˣ
һܿһͷһ֣ɢ֮â
֮â޾ĺϢ·ܹһС
籦֮ڶˡ
Ϊ̫ǿˣǿᵽ԰ȹѡ
Ϊ籦Ǻһ˲棬ʥˡ̫Ͼķ


250 籦
籦̹ſд̹֮ſ칦ںʮŲ㣨֮
˱κιǡڲ֮ءڻӡ
Ѿʧǿķ籦ͷҲ˵̫ϾȻֱֹڵҲɱա
˼벻˴統ޱȣҼʶ棬ᵽʥ˵Ҫ籦ˣȤ
׼籦֮ȻеΣҲôһļΪⶫڵǿû֮һ
ǻ춯ȻûķԱȵ
ۣز㻹Ҫ𣿡ײٹ¶˼ͰЦݡ
̫Ͼİ֪ԼȻΪһʱ鱻׻ȥ˾Ʒ½յǱסˡ
˵ҪǽӣԼӵתɮʵûյİôɮĺѵִ磬պսضᳬԽꯣΪյĶսʤļֵͷǳǿ
òϣƤȷʵܺΪȴ򶫷ʥȣҿ׶漥һЦȻʹת뿪
˵ʵһʼûҪɱգϾտǿεߵשɱĻȲ˵ο»ǳ鷳ҪҲ֪ʲôŪͲ
粻ĻǾͲܹĳȥֻܹͨɱȥɲϣġ
һѡֻǸõѡ
𣬿ѾˡԶԣȻҪһЩϻ̼ˡ
ղţ׿ûˡ
˭Ȼռʴ۵壬ôͽػͥϵðɡ
Ѿ˳ʱͻȻһ뵽׵ĶС
ϣҪ׸ܵһ˿ϤϢжԷȻֱӵʴۡ
ǿĴڣֻ뵽һ
ͨ
װǸڵĳƺţһʱ뵽Ĵھ֮һͨ
ΪʲôȻΪ齣֮ˡ
Ͼǽ֮ʴ۵ģԾ桢̫ϾǺĴڶûвʴѾˣ˵ȡʴۣڻ齣֮ġ
齣֮УǡþĽĽ⣬ͨпܷ׵ܣʵͨҲȷʵΪĽĽ⣬ڽڵĸı䣬ŲµʴѾ˶ˡ
һʼͨҪ׵ģҲϲ̣˵Ǻܷз̣Ǳúôһ·̵ơ
ȻͨҲǺ棬ΪΪ׵ϸܵĽϢҲ벻ʴ۵Ѿꡣ
ĶᣬϸԪֱӶˣѵ֮ǰͷų֮ǵĻ˼ˡͨ˵һ䣬һָ
ಣ
һָ֮£ܿĵ⴩Խռ׵ǰ
ĵȻĽˣԭԴӷսʱɽƺİѽѾͨˡ
ǼȻ̫Ͼ籦棬ôҲֻĽܹ֮ˣʹĽĻȻ޷׻籦ҲĵǿȻ޷籦ֵ׵ĵ
ͨơ
ȥɣҪʧ
ͨڰѽȥֽһ˳ȥȻɽͼˡ
Ľǿֻʹİѽô޷ӳȫֻͼɽʱĵһɱ籦Ҳֻܹһ
֮ǰ˵ͷ벻֮أǵʥʹòС
ʥʹ籦ô֣ͨҲֻܹɽסԷûа취ɱԷ
沢ʥˣο籦ֲıҲ޷׷ӳ

ͥʹڡ
ಣಣಣ
ĵâһ֣׵ҲźӦ
׵Ľ־ĽȻɢ޾Ľ⣬ȴûܵκ˺
Ľ
Կİѽ֮жʱ˿ϲɫͨԼ鶼ٵˣΪȻͨĽˣ֤ԷҴԼ
ȻĻһʥ֪һ㣬˵ûΪͨ״ͨһء
ȻͨȻǶʥˡ
жͨȻǸмΪմĽ־ֻҪúλᣬͿøǿ
ֻϧֻǴһҲһʮҡ׿һԼжеп
Ҳûа취飬һʼҲû뵽ĻҪ֪ôضе
֮Բе±ΣգϾҪĴڣ屻ƻˣҲԻΪôɻٺܶ࣬Ҫİ֮ɾûˡ
ˣ
ΪĽĳָеʱͻȻһռ䲨ˣ漴һĻ׵ǰ
ıԵϿӡ޾ĸӷƣӵʴ۵壬ڿǵʱһۻҵĸоƾʴ֮ԣ׵ܹˡ
Ӧ󷨣滹ĽϢͼˣͼϵĻƾ޷һλᣬôȥҾͿŻһ׿ͼ˵һ䡣
˵Ľ׼Ļôͼ׼˷ˡ
ֻͼܹɽǿô籦Ҳ¡
һߣͥ˿ױĽͼҲһԵ÷ǳˡ
Ϊһʼͱһֱʥ֧֣֮ͥҲʴһֱʥ˴ѹ˵ǷǳƵģϸӵı
ͥҲʥߵİһǱĽͼһڲڲ֮ء
ɽǺųƷʥƵǿ󷨣˵ڵܹһ㣬ֻǶԿĻȴǴ´ˡ
濴ɽͼҲǲɵһ㶡
ȻĽΪʲôĽѲһжͨʾģϣνУǴ㱨飿
ĺܶ࣬ͨΪΰǲ²


251 ɽ
ȻƣΪԼ䣬ΪĽ籦һⷽʥʹǵĻô˭ʤ˭һ
벻ҲˣϿ쿪ʼĵڶɣ׵˵һ䣬Ѿø׿ˡ
֮ǰ׿ô仰׿һӶûҪǼȥ˵ͻΪͥ
ʵϣĿսôηͥ
Ĵߴ٣׵ûżΪӦõһԼʹóɽ󹥻ͼĽͻߣҲ˵ֻͨʹһαĻᡣ
ȻĻȻҪȰͼڵķƺ󷨼¼һӵʱ䡣
棬˭óʵڼ¼ɽͼڰеͨҲˣûиס
ͨͼǶһ޶ģȫ¼ҲûãΪҪʹóɽôͱҪʹͼı塣
֪磬Ҳ編򣬲ȻڱͼĿģһ׿ôá
Ѿȫ¼ˣܹҲֻʮ֮һѣ벻ͼȻ£ֲŷʥƵǿڼ¼Ϻ̲סĸпһ䡣
֮Ŀת档
ͺ¿ȻôҾͳȫ㡣׵һȣĽԶɵͼ档
׵Ļһĸ׶
Ҫ֪棬Ϊ˱ԼĴȣһߴ׵Ļû˵ھȻ޳ܵ˵ż
ӷ𣡡
ջûи׶磬ϾǷ棬ҲǳҪ˳ɾͳ׵İˡ
οô궼̹ˣ̴˵ľ漴٣ĵȻܹȥ
׼治мƣҲͲＷֱӿʼתͼĽı˲һĴͽ󣬲ε
ɽ󣬳ɣ
߶ͼȻĽ߶Ľһ̰ɽ˳

һɣ֮˲仮ʣһʱ졢ء綼ԿĵΪǿĽ⡣
֮ƣȻǴµһɱ󷨵ʵŪôĺ䶯Ϊ׵̫Сˡ
˵׵ʴۣʥǰ̫Сˡ
Ҫʥ˵ĻԵĹʱԿ԰еѹƵ棬ΪЩƾ˷˽ɵ
˷ɵɽɷǳǿᡣ
ֻ֮ڣĽͬһ㹥档
ϥһõĽ֮ϣЩԼϮߵĽᱻһ֮
֮Ȼ籦ͷųģıһ˺ûܵ
֮Ͼ޵ģ̫ϾƵʹֻ֮ǸһֵʹȨֻܹͬһɽһ
ɽ籦ƴӣûзֳ˭ʤ˭
ȵƴʱӵʱ֮ڱúǵˣȥĻ֮һľ籦ķͻʧʱƾ޷ֿɽĹ
һĻûʥ߳ȥ棬ôǱˡ
׶Կĵһ㣬ʥȻҲĵһ㡣
ˣ֮ʧʱͨǰͳһõӰ
ͨ죬һջ籦Ҳصɽ󡣡Ȼ̫ϾˣֻһƷ䱾岻֪ʲôط
ԣҪ֤вܹκ˴ǡ
̫ͨϾͷӦҪ󣬵Ҳһ
ͨ죬֪кܶ³Ϊͥ󣬵㲻Ҫٵ飬һעˣһ֮Ťתġ̫ϾûдӦͨҲûоܾ
Ȼ֪ҿԱ֤۵˭ʤ˭ǸﶼεļƻҲȥͥȴܹ䡣ͨ˵
ʥڻ˭ΪͥĻҲֻͨԪʼˡ
ԪʼʵҲܹͥΪ壬˲ǰĿŵİףͨͲˣͨǻ̵ģѾˣͨкܹܶͥõڵĲű˿飬ĺС
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̫Ͼͨѻ˵زȻҲͲڶ˵ʲôˡ
뵽ģ޷Ǿհռƻѹ뿴ģȻװɱˡ
̫Ͼ籦ֱ棬Ϊ˷ֹձ״ɱȻͨĵô̫ϾȻڵˡ
ͨƢͱ˽⣬ΪʥߵͨǲΪȥƭ̫ϾϾȻѾּңǰ겻ȫʧ
㣬̫ϾӰʧͷϵ籦˲ʧˡ
籦ʧɲǣʵܵ˲СľţĽû亹һ˵亹Ѿʪˡ
Ϊʧȥ籦ıɽݻĺĽʱȫȥ
ĹƾҲֵܹ֣֮ҲҪˣȻһ۾ˣеĻ
͵ΪԼΣյʱЩĽҲͻȻʧˣ漴ĽͼҲƿ뿪˶ʹ
뿪֮ȻһҲû̫ʧ䣬Ͼڿ籦̫Ͼջصʱ򣬾Ѿµ
ô˵Ҳʥػģͨɱ棬һģ֪ʥ߻ʲô顣
ھʣˣ鵽زҲû˻ˣԽ͸ƾֶΰɡ׿һ棬㽥ſзȥ
һû˵Ҳ˫ۣȻ˫ֺʮдʣҲϷ˹ȥ
˶ȻҪԼǿǿʲô׻Ĳ֪ʴǿƿصǿȴڳΪʴ֮ǰ֪ˡ
̫̫ǳΪá
һ૵һĳַÿһͥϷͻֳһǳ
Щǳ˵ҫۡ˵䣬·ӵ޾һ㡣
ңÿһǳ֮󣬾ͻһصͱǳϵǳ֮໥ͨ


252 Ƕ
ǳԽԽ࣬ͥϷѾ֪ıǿա
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ͥպͥ£˵˾̫Ǻ̫ǡ
һ£ͥպͥǲܹһֵģ׵ٻȴ
Щǳֵʱͥе񶼸ܵԼȡ˽֮һܹһȻҲֻˡ
֮ϻǳѲʴ۴㶯Ǹ󷨣
Ȼʹ󷨣۶絽жޣȻ󷨶Ҫðʹá
ãϾǸûлӵʹ÷ǳΣգпܻܵɡ
룬ͬԵľ󶼳ˣ۾ʹһˣ󷨡
ǾͲҪϹˣˣܹɹ󷨣ҪԼǶԼˡ
һȺ˵ʱ򣬾Ͳټ˵ȥ֪ʱ˵ҲûˣǴעսҲעҪðռǶ˾ȰҲǺ塣
Ϊı仯֮󣬷·ȫ˸һ㣬ϤϢܹ֪ϸԪ״̬¶ỳʴǼٵġĸﶼ̲סʾˣΪڵıָ֮ǰʴ۸ˣɡ
ĸﲢûͨǿĸ֪ҲûжĽ֪ԸûзڵʴѾеʴˡ
һߣڸܵǳ֮Ҳ̲סĿЦһ
ǳ֮Ƕ벻ʴ۾ȻðҪӡ֮ͥе󷨣д˵޷ʹˣۼҲзգһıǿɾ൱ɽ󼶱󷨡а˵
ǶǶ̫һԻá
Ǻʮǳ֮ټ̫̫ΪۣޱȣɱƱӡͥй֮УΪϹͥĻ
ôҪʮ˴ǳᦣӦʮǳȻҪһǧ˰ٸСǳᦣӦһǧ˰ٿŸǳħ֮һħһǳͿ׵Ƕ
ʮ˴ǳΪһǧ˰ٸСǳΪɡħΪ֦Ҷǳ֮ϵһ𣬿ɼǶôĺƴ
Ĵôܹš
ӦˣҸӦʮǳᦵλãƶЩǳᦵý飬ǵۿն׽Ҳ۽˸пʱ򣬾ѾҵǶؼǳλá
ЩλȻͥȴȥȡֻҪն׽ɡ
ЩǳҪҪʱģҲ֪һ㣬ʱеڴӦˡ
ΪڴӦ׵Ҫ󣬱˵Ҫ׼ʮˣҪ׼ʮҪţΪǽеһ
Ҫ治Ӧ׵ǸҪͿԲ׼ʱ䣬׼ʱֱӾͰ״ܣһľͲ˱ˡ
˵һˡ
㣬ʱȥʮӵʱڰʮǳᦶٻ˳
ҵһνҲͷųǿһʥ˵ϣһǷܹҶս㡣
˾ʤʱ̣ѾҲͰе뷨˵˳Ҫûк֮ǣֻĻܹӳȫ
ҪǷӳȫҲܹǶ󵽵жǿˡ
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Ӧһ䣬ûκεĸм֮飬Ϊ֮ǰǼͺ¿ʲôĴѾ׺ˡ
ڼ״ŹգɲкøС
οȻûаսǶһаٷְٵİɱգΪʥǲôġ
ʥ߲˵Ǻһ׾͹ȥ
֮µһʥˣ֮ǰķ񡢻ǼʼΣ˵Ļˣʴ֮ǰֻǺµĵͯôԼĵͯƻԼļƻ
ֻҪ˿ֹ׵ĵزôҲͶˣķպͥҲ̧ͷǵƤٺֻҪͥ£ǶޱȵĶˡ
ۣһս֣Ҳ֪㵽ΪҪһԺͥҪĻǲġ˵Ҳ˵̬ȡ
仰˵ģ˵ͥɡ񡢷ġ
仰ʾ罫Ҳͥˣزԭ򣬾Ϊ׵ɵġ
׸ں仰һҡ˵ûԺˣͻһеĽ
һеĽʲô˼ʱһ㶣ó׵仰˼ʲô˼
⣬Ǿǽһжʧˣô͵Ļ˵˵ͨ
ԣ׵˵ʲô
ϧǣײ֮󣬾ͼʮǳ漴Լųɾŵע뵽ǳ֮С
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׵һ֮£ǳᦺ֮ͥϵǳʱ˼ǿ
ңǳᦺ֮ͥϵǳ໥Ӧ״Ȼ˫Ϊâںһ
ں֮ͥʱ뵽˺ҹ֮С
ʴͥһ뵽˺ڰ֮У֮⣬ͥǴõİ졣
УĺҹҲûгãҲӵʱ䣬ڰͥռھͿʼ˵ǹ⡣
Щǹڸһֵʱϡ٣ҲǷɢʱƣǹʱɼα
ڲһӵʱ棬ǹѾͥĿռ䣬˾ͥۼͬξ֮С
һʱ䣬ֲǼȽϵ͵񶼿ˣЩΪȽϸΪЩǿ֮еη塣
ǿ̫ǿˣǿҪǳױĻͥҲ뵽ĩ֮С
ϾȻǿ󷨣Ҳ֪ۿͶ̫һôоġ
˿ֲܹȫӳĻʥҲӭӰɣ
ǹԽԽ࣬ڶ񶼸ܵǶĿ¡
Ϊÿһռĵǹ⣬൱һСǳ
ǳСҲһǳСǳ׹ĻһžԻһС͵ĳǳˣ˿ڵĻ㲻ܼҲʮǼʮࡣ


253 ϣ
һǳвʲôʮšٿǳǵжʲôǧššʮţǿɾͲһˡ
֮ͥеǹģôǹ˵ҲаǧţҲǲܡ
֮ǳһͬըĻôĿͥӵŻԪػͥҪһΡ
ұ󣬹ǧʱ䣬ͥǾ޷ԭģֻǻָһĹǶҪʱ䡣
Ƕ֮ԱʵһʼĿ̹ġ
̹ǳԽʥ˵ĴڣȻٵض䣬ĳʮ׿ƾ̹
ʮ̹Ȼ̹ŵ壬ʵҲȥ
ˣʱۿͶ̫һҪǶǿ󷨣ǵ̹
ҪɵۿͶ̫һԼԶʱڵݵĻôҪݵĴʮֹ
ݵȻʥ˲ȥӭҲǲǲܡ
ǵۿͶ̫һݵĻôʥ˿ɾĲܹ֮Ӳˣӵ籦̫ϾǶԽôǿһ
Ͼ籦˵ͷֲܣܵĹҲ޵ģ޺ʥ֮ͲܹﵽǶôһû⡣
׵ĿҲʥߣĿֻѡ
ӦѾһĻлᣬ㲻ĻķӽԳסһٰǶ󳹵׼󣬲ûżͷųǶ澯һ䡣
仰˵Ǿ棬ʵԿ޷ƳΪ
ңĻûд֮ǰ˵ʤܶŹպûд׵ĵǵǶȻ󣬻ڿҪҪֱ䡣
źǣѾѻ˵زôͲܹˡ
ɣһѾӦŹգ˵Ǿ仰ʱһǰᣬǾǽµ֮
ڶ׸ղŵһʣʹ֮Ҫ˳͵׵ҽӡ
ҽӺͽǿĻ硣
һ汻˵ĲҽһôҪĳ裬ҪΪ׵;Ƿһ顣
˵Ȳ˵͹һ飬󼫴ı֮С
ʱΪһ粻֪ҪԶٿ
ʴǺƣΪ˲׼ҽҲעҪЩѣѾٵĿˡи̾һ䡣
Ϊ˰ο֮ʣ׵ٵĿˣ֪ԭ棬ǲֵġ
п׵˵ۣѾ׼ʱ
˵֮͸ܵһǿļϢ
ţͥڵЩǹ⣬ͷ׷Χ£ȥ
֮ǹ⣬˲ͰΧһɫĹ
һʼֻһ˴СɵȵȫǹⶼۼȥѾһӴСǹҲȫںһ
չȥôҪǱըˡ
һʱ䣬ͥڵĶŹȦڴŽı仯
ϾڵѾ˺ƽ߸ʥⷽ磬ûʲôܹˣͥϾ֮Ҳû˸սˡ
˵Ƕ󽫻ڿһΣһû׼ΨһܹĿĴĻᣬû˭һ׳۵ľ
ʥǶ̲סİעŵߣΪΪʴ۱ֳǿΪ˸Щʥ˿ġ
֮ǰеʥˣʥͽûаʴ۵һвʴ۲̣ǱֳǿԾڸʥҲ͵ȥˡ
˾ǶûаѷȥʥǾѾԼͽ´ǲҪʴۣҲҪڸͥԡ
ͬʱǻֵµĵӼͥʲôҪҲҪȥʵĻͺúýͣǧҪϲͻҪ֡
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ٿߣǳ֮Χ֮ΧҲͱǿĽ⣬һ־Ͱǳ֮˳˽һףĻռ䡣
ûãͿʼ˲СرС
С۶ʱ򣬾ͿԿһ޴ķͻȻƾճ֡
ȻȥܴҲźܶķϸ۲ĻͻᷢǶǱС˵ģȫСֱֻеԲοռ档
ްӷ𣡡
ޡӷ𣡡
һ֣дķ֮쳹ÿһ䣬һЩǹҲᱻһ֡
ǹⱻʮ׵ʱ򣬷ڵķѾݵˡ
ްӷ𣡡
ްӷ𣡡
ŵĳԽԽ죬ҲԽºΰ˵ʱѾͨˣһֿȻǵ
ʵ΢СŵʱԺжĳһӵľҲ̲סĸ
ǵܿоͻһȡ֮УһĻͻķ
ͥϿյȻҲһ㣬ûκεķأֻǵĿЩС񱻸Ⱦ
棬֮£Žֻϧ
׶յ˵һ䣬ܵͣûж
ֻϧһжˣ
˵ˡʱǹɵԲȦʱʼҫ۵Ĺâ
ǹⱩյǰףǹ֮ʱҲڳױ
һεıը˵ǧǿһαըûзûзκε
о仰˵ĺãΣϣ˼Ǿ޴ǿҲġ
ǶͷŵǴϣﵽһزʱΧĿռ䶼ˣȻҲͣĿռ֮У˸ը֮
Ǳըɵ˺ȷʵеġ
磬ǹⱬըķ˲ͱȥ֮һȻÿһӶдķѡ
ԴԴϵע룬Щһš
ȻٶȲûлĿ죬ֻ֪Ҫʮӵʱ䣬Щͻ᳹׵Ļ𣬵ȷ֮߾Ҫֵһˡ
ЩҲǵֵǶĳɵѡ


254 ƽ
÷ͨŷ֮ǶĳɵʵѾǳǿˡ
ǣҲǿˣҲ˵ڵֵסĳɵ֮ķ𷨾ѾľˣĹֻпȥˡ
Ƿ棬ҲĴˣͥҲɿٻԴ˵ֵǶĹ׿飬ٶֳεʱ򣬾ͶԵıһ䡣
׸ղѾֶΣղȻӱϿȥƾԼķŵֵô๥ʵķֻһӣǶʱڶӡ
׻ҵϵԭŦʵϾ¼ɲ˰ġ
֮ǰѾˣղСʱȴ˷̵˰ġ
˰ӲȥĻҲһͨеķӶ˰˱˰Ҳ͸ӵżǿϵ
ϵͥ޷ϣǶҲ޷ϣͬʱʱԪĻͿϡ
ϧԪǷ󷨣ȻҲʹ󣬵Զ첻̫в
Ҳûа취ͬʱʹΪǵԼֻС
˰ĵǿҲҪ߶УϧڵѾľ˷Խֻпķˡ׷״ҽķ˵˳
һʵвܹһ˵Ļȴи˺ܴѹ
ûȷʵֻʣ·ֶˣǾƾҵĽԽ֮Ĺ˵
һ˵꣬˲ʮ֮ߣҲ˼ı仯˲ʹ֮ǰͨ״̬뵽˽״̬
Ľ𣬲ǽӵĽ𣬶ǹ½Ľ
Ƿ̵ĽȻʥߣҲŽ̻磬ӵźǿĹ¡
´ﵽһز󣬾ͻýķʽԻǰĽڣȻ뵽֮УΪ
½Ȿһ־мǿĽ⣬ټϹ½ž޴֮ù½۳Ľ˵֮ǿһ
͸׵֪ԣ˰˾Ҳʮͨӵеǹ֮Ĵڣܱȹ½ķǿ
ӲҪһԱȵĻôҲֻ֮ˡ
֮屾ͼ̳̹ŵѪѪԹͨأκζ֮ӵߵĴڽйһֱֹգ֮ķڹ½֮ϡ
ɴ˿ɼ½ȷʵǿȻҲȥӲһҪһŶûеĻôǶˣҲ䡣
Ҫ֪˵Ļǿɾʲôûˣ߾ǹؼʱ̱ʥ˾ߣҲʵ޷һ滹Ļ䡣
û䣬ͱţֻŵĴۣˡǳصˡ
׿˷棬е㸴ӵ˵ܽΣĹ½ǿǿнһȴ˺ķѴ֮۳ĽֻǶʱʧȥ˾ųɾŵѣЩ˵ʮͿԻָ
Ȼ죬ܽͻ뿪ʵʵ˵ֻܹôȥ˵
ȷʵһһشΪϣұҪôҲΣ׵òһȴҪһϺˣĺơ
˵ز󣬾һ뵽˳Ĭ֮УΪǶʣµѾʼˡ
ʣµɷǳǿᣬѽ˳ɺܿͽ뵽˱ըķΧ֮ڡ
ǳ顢ռ顢ʱ䶼·飬Ľȴͬɫһ֮С
Ȼȥû⣬ϸ۲ĻͻֵᷢĽÿһӶֳǧѵĺۼ
ֻۼǳϸСÿѳʱһظ
һģǶıһʱ仹ûнɱ
ɼˣĽɽСʾڼġ
Сʱ˽ʮУʮйѾָСҲ˵Ľ֮һٱľ˰˳ɣǶȴûʧ
ʧˣ벻ҾȻ۵ϣɵ࣬ĵĻܹɱҵġһʧжһЩ
Ϊ̵ķ棬ִƷ̿ʼһ룬ǰ羭ӪĳԽͥΪ֮Ϊߵĵط
ң֮ǰʴ۱ֳҲܣ˵мһ㡣
ȻʴȴͻȻһ֪룬Ϊʲôʴ۾ͱôǿҪǲΪһھԼ̹½Ҳơ
һ½ȣ͵ʧȥһԱ󽫣պҲûлͥһϳ̣˳еףҲӭĴˣͽһЩˡ
ô̻ǸͥԶǻԪǶ󳹵ױֳͥһĵλκûа취Կ£ȥͥһϳ̡
飬𣿡һߵ׿仯󣬱૵˵˵޷Ҫ徻󣬵˭ܹһ㣿
״пܶڷ飬϶˵Ǵȴ󱯡һ׷Ѱ˰ѰҳѵĴڡ
涼ô˭ܹ
ֻЩûʶ񡢷ʥˣûһĴڡ
Ǹ̫̫ϾҲһЩģ׾֪һǸȴ
˵ˣһһҪȴˣ͹ͷִ˵Ļôܹȴ
꣡꣡
͵׸̾ʱͻȻѵǱߴ˹ȻĽۿɼٶȿʼֱ߽⣬һдĽɫƤ䡣
ˣ׵ˣǧǻһˡ׿󣬾֪״̬
˵˵ֻõĴڣ˵ȷʵʵģǿҲĽ˭ᵽ顣
һɰ룬ȥĻǱɣ滹ʥ˻ԳֶԸҡ
뵽ͳȥǶ


255 ʥ˵ĸ
׳ȥǶͥڲľҲͻָԭ״ЩڿеǹҲȥҲ˵ǰ
ͥڵ񿴵״Ƕ̲סľ
ǡͨ
ȻͨҲ˵ʴ۴棬ҷϵĹ½
˻Ƕ󣬼Ǳӳʮ֮һ׵ľͻķ档
̫ǿˣղע⵽ʴֵ֣ĻǲҪȥҪȡ
֮ͥķ緶Ӧеơ
ܣͥڵڶ̲סĶ
ǰͥڵûж˶ʴŷڵĻ˶׶Ƿˡ
ΪǶ֪֪ܹͣɱҪǿ
ҡˣ
ûɱԼʧܡ
У˵ûҲмף׾ʥҲ
ֻǾһսҪǧ֮꣬ˡ
Լһս㣬Ͱ߰ɡҲûж˵ʲôֱӶԶһֱȻûһֱֽӵǰ
ˣ
غ󣬿г
ͥûгģǸղ׺ĶУʹѾٵĲ࣬ЩѾΪ˳
ȻⲢͨĳɳЩ̺֮ż֮ճĻԱ˼ʿɷˡ
Ҿл۵Ĳɱ֮Ȼ˼ˣôҾʹˡ濴һգȻһ
Ҳֱ뿪ױֵйоأڼƽ֮ǰôԵòȡ
Ļ֮ͻȻͷסΧĿռ䣬ɻʵŶ㲻ﴦ𣿡
ûеش׾ͻȻ뵽ʲô
ˣ˿ȥˣ֮ǰֺľ˷Ȼûа취Ըգ˵Ļ㻹ܹߡ뵽׾ͶһץץԼߡ
ʴۣУصĿס
ڵ棬ֻܹԸˣĻѾһ㶼ʣˣܹղ£Ѿļˡ
˵ǱһףһոշڶɵĻɱ档
ҲҪô飬֮սľͽΪϣȻô׵ķŹҡҡͷһһתֱӰѽ鶼Ƶյϡ
ҪǣҵĻܺãǳĺã汻ôһ˵һʱ䶼ҲĻ
Ȼշ˴ۣʧȥôҽѹٰ֮꣬ɡ֮ΪҲָһЩ
׶һЦ¶һȫΪõ顣
ң˵֮ͶһģֹĻᣬͽմͥ뵽˷֮С
մȥ֮׻÷֮۳һָɽӡꡣ
֮Ȼǻ׵ĵǲ֮ԣʥԳ֣Ȼû˭ܹȥҲܹǰս⡣
ۣ㡭ѹպй˵𾪡
Ҫ֪ԴյҪѹʱϢҲûи߹ڶˣǶʥ߶֪ʱ䣬ȴҪѹ꣬ʵ̫Сˡ
ֻ˵ͲһɺϣҲ֪飬˲Ż˳ʹ
ײôĻڰմҲշӡֱ꣬οʼٰռƻų
ô֪ģ㲻Ӧ֪ģƽһ󣬱׵һ䡣
һǳҪĻ֪ȥθʥ˽Ϊε̫ҪˣҪμƻй¶˳ȥôκпܵš
ȵȣһУ·Ϊһ㣬Զճ֣֮ǽҴˣھָɽˣ֪μƻķӳҲǺܿģۺ˼֮ӴһԣǾ֪ε顣
ܴһʼ֪ˣǳ֪ˡ
˵һжˣûлشĻ̧ͷա
֮ϣѾһ޴İɫţžǾ֮֮ţֻҪԽţôͻص֮С
һε֮Ÿϸ֮Ų֮ͬڳֺ󣬾ɢһɼǿ֮
׳Ϊʴۣӵʴ۵Ϊе޷ֿǿ֮
ڵһʱͱգȻ뵽֮Уصǵ硣
Ψһ˼վ֮ͥУͥڶ
ϻкܶ෨֮ôķ֮һȥĻͻ»Ϊ鼮ǻΪ鼮ûõĺô
׿ΧհĿЩķ֮ϡ
׸ҪֵʱͻȻܵߵǿϢ˲ߵϢ֮£׸оԼ궼ͬһ㡣
ãߴʥˣǾȻ֯뿪߸ʥ˵Ķ׶ʱͲʴ۵Ϸȥ
ͬʱٻ˷ֵ֮ʥߵķ
ϧʥѾףһ߸ʥߣ߸ʥ滹к棬˼Ƿ֮Ҳ޷ȫ׵ֵסǵķ
ͻƣ
ռͻƣ
ţǡʱ
ʥ˺ǿʥˣҪʥǿϲ֪ٱ˵ǿռˣʱҲܹ棬ȻֻǶݵġ
ⲻѾ֮ţ֮ŵĺĶͻȻ֮˺ܶࡣ
ʱűˣһֻıˣ߸ʥֵжǿ׸ܵʱı仯֮󣬾Ͳᵽжôľˡ
ҲԸʱ䣬ıʾͺٸ֮
˵߸ʥܹʱĻ磬ƿʱ䡣
ȻЩҲֻ編磬ʥûпܳȥǳȥҲᱻֱǳС
Ͼ編ģ򲻿ܸԼһƿ
ƿߣֻܹǴ֮е
ʥ˵ѾˣܹȥˣҪ뿪ڸ֮̾࣬ͷ߸ʥ˵Ӱ


256 ع飬ԼĸҪ
ʥһֱעߵ룬Ȼǿ֮ţǵ˵Ǿ֮󣬾Ѿ뵽˺ܶණ
ȻײΪ仰¶˼Ϊռʴ۵ʥ˷ʴ۵Ѿʧˡ
֮ǰڿ׺󣬲ûҪȥ׵ˣǵײͣǾʶһ㣬ǿʼ׵ˡ
һ飬Ƕʱͷ⣬Ǿʴ۵˲ˡ
߸ܹϸԪͶӰ֮ӵĴڣܹ˵ˣҲܹ˵Ĵڡ
һֱ˶ǵƿ֮Уʴ۵ȴʧˣǾ֪һһҪ鷢ˡ
ʧֻֿܣһ־ΪʥߣȻԼ˶˻֮޷ƣһȻˡ
ʥ˵ûб䣬ôʴ۵ֻһˣǾʴѾ
ԭʥ˵޷²ͨһ뷨޷˵Ҳֻܹ˵Ÿո֪һ㡣
ȻĻͻᱻʥ¼ˡ
δ֪ĴڣȻ㵨Ҹͥʴ۵ϸԪռʴ۵壬ôӦǵľ򡣡
־ܰɣǵĶ֡
Ϥķ֮԰һҲˣҺܻεõôķ֮
ܲġ
ʥֳӰ֮󣬾ͷֱͷųǵ㽫á
ҲΪܵ߸ʥ˵ţ뵽˼ı֮С
û뵽߸Ȼ֣һҴˡ׿Žߵ֮ţ̲סĸ̾һ䡣
ǣûзֿΪķ֮ʮʮ֮԰뿪
ķ֮ڸղŵĵֵõˡ
ʱ̣
Ϊ˰߸ʥ˵ƣͻȻʮ֮һͬٻ˳
Щֺ֮ûǰæȥʥ˵ĹǶǺʱ̡
ʱǴӡͶ򴫡едһģҹʱ̱Ϳƿʱ䣬ΪʥסʱԵʣͣ޷뿪
ˣ˵ٻʱһȷѡ
ڵͬҲܶĲλʥеֵٻʱ̵ôһξʧˣıƷҲ޷ڻص硣
ļҲʧҪǻһ⻯
Ҫ֪ƷǷǳѵõĴڣһʧȥĻ׳ϴɱ¾Ȼûа취۳ġ
һҪǾʥѾˣ״ɱҲûõ飬⻯ǿñƷ棬⻯ֻܹ⻯ܹûֶ̻⻯ء
ŷ֮
ף֮ȻӦʲôˣ
ôӦǴ˽Ĵڣκ˵ΪȴӦ
ʲôˣСһ㣬Զŵǧħĳһƭ˴ħ
ǡʱ̣ʱ֮ʱ̣ôıڡ
߸ʥ˿ٻĹʱ̺ǵһʱ뵽ǧħǧħŰϵʱڣʱħӵмǿһǧħյĻ綼ӭһѡ
źǣ߸ʥ˶´ˣΪײǧħױǧħҪֲΪһ뿪Ļͻ𣬳׵Ļ
˵ĽҲ׸ںʥǲǷݵԭ
ʱƣ
׼ʱֵ̳˲䣬ֱȥסԼʱ
ˣ
һεʱ䲨ƴݳȥܿ׵ͻָ״
ʱٻָˣҲ뿪ʱˡ׿һ·ʥˡ̲סĸ̾һ䡣
˵ʵһε֮ö˵ǷΪõһǿϸԪ񣬻õһߵңҪ鵽˴޽ɼ
һҪǾ׿ͼӡ
֮֮׻ȥֻҪһʱãܹı仯ϣֱд硷е硢˼磬װѿµʱ
ߣ
£
̫ͼ
̹ᦣ

߸ʥ˼׵Ĵ֮󣬱׷׼ԼǿҪ֯׵뿪
ʱѾٻˣټ޽ɼǿϸԪ֮ЩŸոտףͣ˰֮С
ʱ
һλǿͨȻͨҲڿٳ׵Ԫ֮ȴӭ뿪ʱ
ټˣˣ磡
Ŀһ磬漴ת֮ȥ
Ȼ׶һֻ̤֮ŵʱͻȻһŮֱӳߡ
ŮֻһӰûκεĹ׾΢ͣһ£Ҫ˵ʲô
ȵȣ뿪
ŮӺݻһ͸æ״һ
㣬ĸ
תͷһˣȻ󵽴֡
ɽʥ֮ĸͥĸĴھȻ뿪
תͷһĸȻֿһͻƹʱ̳ʥˣһԼʱ䣬ŶĸʵΪʲô
Ҫ֮ǰĸĻһת뿪𣬸ĻΪҲһ㡣
ڹʱ̱ٻˣô׻ܹһ㣬ֻʱҲֻһʱ䣬׹˼ҲͰңĸһĴ𰸣ôûлˡ
ܹﵽ㣬ĸ
ĸĻشܼ򵥣˼ֻأһؾԸףڶؾݡ
ôһ򵥵ĻشһʼûпǴ뿪ף뵽˿֮С
һʱѾʼ˥ˣԥĻʥǾͻĸ׳ɣæߴ
ôѴߴ٣Ҳ˾
Ҵ뿪ҲʲôҲ
νˣһ㣡
׻˵ЩʲôĸȴֱӴĻıֵ̲סԳһЦ
ȻˣǾһ°ɣ
һ˵ţһ߲Źʱ̽·ĸ˽ȥ
Щ֮ڲͣת֮š

磬ʥء
һεĲܿ׵ԱߣͳһɢŵɫâӰ
Ӱڸճֵʱǳã˼ӵʱͱʵõ嶼˽ʵ
ĺ棬һ˸ߵʱ̣Ȼǹʱˡ
ʱֻڿƯƬ̣»ص׵֮ϣҲû뵽ֱ֮С


257 ְ
ʱ̻ع֮׵ֱϾֱһҫ۵İâ
âɢȥ֮׾Ϳ⻯ϾֳһӰӰȻĸˡ
ʱĸҲ֪ܵʲôӰ죬ϢǳССҲֻ൱ڽʿԪ֮
ҪǣҲʧˣµľֻһȥεϸԪ
һ׿ôһۣǾĸϸԪûд·ģܿĸҲʶһ㣬漴ͻûһ·
ʲôط
ĸûΪ·еߣϾ֮ǰͥĸŮ֮ףҲе֣֮ͬʱҲƿߡɱ顣
ߡ˼ûпܳϡ
㻹ǵԼ˭𣿡׿ĸ壬Ȼһ⡣
ĸǸ⣬ײûдشΪ˵һܼ򵥵⣬ҪǸĸĻȴһǳӵ⡣
ȻǵãǡĸʶľҪش׵⣬˵һ֮󣬾ͷԼĲ֪Լ˭
Ȼˣķ޼ɵĳ֣ϾĸԺпźݶ֪ʶġ׿̲סĵһȻ
ʵûгʱ֪ĸĴһܵӰ죬ⲻһо͸һ
ȣĸʧˣֻһϸԪ
ΣǾĸļʧˣ㱾ĸƣҲǶΪõĵطϧȴȫΪӰ
ȵȣϸԪ񣡡
뵽ϸԪʱͻȻĸе㲻ͬ
˵׶ϸԪָ߼ҲǺ˽⣬ڵķϸԪĴڣƾ⻯ϸԪĸ֪֪ĸ岢ϸԪ
ϸԪʲôĸôһ˵ʱ¶һɻı顣
Ȼɻ󣬵ϸȥĻͻָᷢûбκģ׵ϸԪ۲ϸ΢ܹеı仯
ϤϢ岻ϸԪ񣬶壬֮塣
ͻȻ֮䣬׾뵽ĸ״̬
ˣȻĸеŮ֮ףͬҲһ顣ûɣ岻֣ܳȴ飬̬ϵȨ׷ĸʺ󣬺ܿһеԭ
˵ʲôҸĸ֪Щ˼ĪĻһ㲻ˡ
㲻ģҪ˽һϸԪĹܣҾһ˽һ߸㽲һ°ɡ
׿һĸֿһԼ⻯ǾͿʼó飬ǾǱ¡
ţĸҵŮ֮һ֮ǰһˣˡ
׵Ĺһ˵ĸܿͱ˵һðյŮ
ȻΪĸԼġݡ׻Ľṹй鼮Ҳ˵˳
һжϣҲѹ±һĴֺʱѾ峿뵽˰
Ϊ˾˵õʴŰ߸ʥ˵¾˳ȻһεõĺôࡣߣҪ㵱ҵȰһͬĻҲôʧ
˵ʱһʹ̾
ʲôʧȥ˶Ĵۣһ˺ģĿľĸΪǷ׺ܶණֻĻĸŻΪá
ȻĻĸڵݣȫ뿪׶棬ҲҪԺȣ⣬֮УֻҪĸһƫƧɽͿ׵Ľ
ȻҪǲСı֪ݣô³ųǱɱ߱顣
ˣƭĸʱһ㶼Уĸܱȶ뿪ǿ
о׶ĸʣµְܸȤϾĸ֮ǰźְܶڵĻӦòȫ
Ů㣬ʧ˺ܶıԼһ߼ǿ⻯ڵ֮ҲΪƴõģʧȥļ𣿡ĸ׵Ľ󣬲ɵٶһ顣
û취˭װ˵ôңְĸ˵ǷôණҪĸ˵һŮ
ݶԣ˭ʧǳƲѡ
ĸȻʧȥ˴䣬йݵļ䣬ʶУŮݺ͵λʲô
ݣ˵Լļ䣬ϣ㲻ҪݣԺ顣һͻȻһĶĸһ䡣
ҡĸ˵ЩʲôһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
׵ĻǱģǶµζԻǱȽϺģĸʶͽݡ
֪ˣ
һС֮ĸӦס
ĸ̬Ⱥ׵Ҳ¶˼ЦݣΪѾƳɹպͻһ鼶¡
ˣȻѾԼݣô͸㻹ʣʲôְɣϾô࣬Ӧñһ߼ְŶԡ֮׾ʵؼ֮ϡ
һԣְΪĵĴڡ
ͱְ֮Ȼһֱ֪ǸʱĽӴ׿ԲµóְҪߴʮʮ
ЩְǸְ
ְҲΪܶУְйڤ̫ȵְ
ǿְͳ˧һеĻְ
׾ͺ֪ĸְϾ⽫պԼɾ͡
ҶĸûУҲ֪ʲôְҲ֪ҵְʲôĸҡҡͷȻ׿
ļ仹һƬհף֪ĸ󣬾תһ룬Ȼ˵Ȼ㲻ְ֪ôҾͰһ°ɡ
˵⻯ĸǰȻ⻯ְ̧ĸͷ֮ϡ
׵ĸԵĲϲҲ˵ǷУΪѹеĵִĸɴԼĸ֪ôȴ׵ļ顣
ĸӵĻ۾Ϳף֮壬ԾǱ۾ҲܹӦΧһУҿӦõľҪ۾Ļܶࡣ
ˣĸǲ뿴׵ĻֻܹѡԼĸ֪
Ϣһ룬Ƿ˸֪𣿡
׵⻯ȻܹӦĸı仯ΪϸԪҲĴڡ


258 
ҲãȻӡ˸֪˶ķôҲԸɵļˡаһ󣬾Ϳʼע뵽ĸ֮С
źܴÿһλǳҪһĻ᲻㡣
ͲͬˣֻĵҪ屻նͷ­֡ϽʲôĸûйϵֻҪûµĻͲЩ֫Ҳ졣
֮еΪҪ񲻽ĺģҲԴȪڱҪŪϣְȻְܸĸеԼպҪչʲôͽ
ðĸһƬڣҷ·ܵϤ֮֮ʥǳ׵ûʲôͨеֻǴ˻Եװע뵽ĸ֮к󣬺ܿͷĸԡ
׵ĸӵеְ
ȵȣ֮⣬һԣһֶ򣬲ѵϢ
ھһֵϸ֮׻ĸ֮ڿ˸ֵѳ
Щѳͬѡɽ鷺ĵȵȣ֮ѵľＸӦоУҲ˵ĸƿƿѡ
֮⵹ĸӦеְְҲͶûˣʧȥͽԵʣڵĸ֮壬ʵҵ硣
һ߷ĸ״̬һ߰г˳
һ뿪ĸҲ˫ۡ
˵ĸ˶ĸ֪ʱܹоģҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪
Σ鵽ҵ𣿡ĸ۾֮󣬾Ϳʼѯ
˵ĸʧȥһּ䣬ȴֻĸԼҲǺ档
鵽ˣְ֮еְ֮УǱȽηģη巽棬Ļ˵Ҳֻǻ߶ֶѵ˲Ż㡣װĸְ
ʵײ˵ĸһʱҲԼ
ϾģֻҪ˽һԼ״ô֪Щ飬ûбҪҴš
ڶۣҲǷǳĿ͹ۣûͼӴס
Ͼ粢磬һе鶼ǳľη˵һƿѵˣһССعǶǳ
ϵĻҲˣ鲻Ļϴ˶ǵĴڣֻҪֳϴ󲿷ֶ඼ῪʼݣȻǵ
òͬ籾һִ磬˵֮ˣǷ֮񡢹֣֮ᱻࡢ塢嵱ĵˡ
ְ֮ǵ֪Ļôɱĸ˼ɻᱻΪɱ֮һ
סһɱ˼룬ĳҪҪĴڣֻĽߣֻˡסŻΪĸͽ
ĴڲûУǺ٣ǳϡ٣ֻҪǲɵӵĻͶԼԸ񣬷ֹͬǷȻɱ߹
ѲΪҷչͽѣĸ֪٣ֻ֪иղ׽ܵһС֣˲̫Ϊô
һ㣬ǾĸȻʧȥ˼䣬ԼְûκεķУǾ׽һϤĸо
ǲãǲϿɣο籾ǳģպĴڣչΪͽǰѶԷɱȻǧ򲻿ἰݡصĶĸһ䡣
ǳҪҪ֪ڵĵطʥأʥȲ˵ʥλĴھкܶ࣬λĴҲһһĸ˵ԼݣôҲܹϰϣȫΪС
֪ˣĸ׵ıأҲ͵ͷʾ֪̲סʵѲɣԺͶҪĬĬһҲﲻʲôæ
ĸ׵ĿѾ֪ҪûͽĻϾͲᷢӳ̫ܣܹҲﵽ֮һ
źǣ׶ⷽһϲͨҲûĸﵽ֮ĳ̶ȡ
һ㣬Ǿ֮ѾȥˣҲϵ֮ˣԾҪһ֮⣬Ѿˡ
Ҳ粻ʺ㣬һҪܹȥĻӦҪǿһЩϸ˼һºͻȻ뵽һֿܡ
ԽⷽȥԽܵʵʩԺǿ
һ磿ĸҲɻˡ
һ磬һӰ磬ǸϻܹõķչȻӦҲѹ飬٣˾ǿᵽҲ̫ࡣ
뵽󣬾ʹٻ֮
ŸҪٻͷԼľĴʹǾ͸æ㡣
УڵľĽ϶࣬ҷոռʴ۵ϸԪ񣬲ϸԪҲ編˼㣬ҪϢһŽǸȥ
ҪȥӰ磬ڵ̫ǿˣҲʱ㡣
Ҫʲôĸû̫⣬Ȼ˴ļٲ״̬
ϾûвμսֻҪװѡ
ɵϢһ°ɣ߿鼮в飬ڿʱҪ뿪ӣһ˽ĻҲҪȥΣҪǿ㡣
Ŷ֪ˣ
׶ĸһ󣬾Ͱ⻯ٻص֮С
׵⻯õģһϸԪĻǿԱڵġ
УϸԪһͼ֮ڣ׾ͷһɾ޴˲ͽڵ뵽ϸԪ֮С
һͬϸԪ֮к׵ʶ˲뵽һƬհ֮С
ûʶʱ䣬꣬ȴʼѼϸ΢໥ںϲʱԵںϣǳԵںϣںϡ
һ£һΪ⻯֮ʱȻʱϲһԴҲֻܹʱģٶȷֿΪʶꡣ
ϸԪԣ׾Ȼʶʼ½ںϡ
Ƿǳ󣬵˵ҲһĻֻҪסͻһɱ䣬һηǳҪɱ䡣


259 仯
ϾȻӵа֮壬ǿǸϣԲлӲӦеˮƽ
һϸԪ⻯ϸԪôһͶˡ
ΪһϸԪΣô⻯ʧˣȡ֮һԪ񣬻ǼΪߵϸԪ
ΨһźģϸԪǿᣬֻڱϵļǳߡ
ţ˱仯ʲôĸŷһ鼮漴ͻȻ׵ı仯
ǿ겨귴ĳֱ仯ĳһı仯ĸȵĿףȻҵ׷仯λá
ˣǿˣҪڵǿĸڹ۲׵ʱҲûǼ
Ϊһ飬֪ҪԶԶ࣬ʥߵĸ֪飬һʹֳ֮ˡ
֮͸֪ԼϢԶԶԽϵס壬Ҳò
ĸͬΪ飬һԶʱڵ飬˵ԶԶ֮ϢҲǳǿᡣ

֨ѽ
һ֮ܿһ׵ķ֮С
ǿ겨ûв´Ļһڸղŵı仯еõ˺ô
ֻлŵ˲ܹеõôڵı仯ǻ뿪硣
ҿҹרż仯ı֪Ȼһ󣬲Ұʥص˽ȥ
ʥ߶ûܹ磬ȴҵõ֮ϵĺôҲ²һ硣
һ֣˵ڵ״̬
Ȼǿ׵⻯Ҳںֻܹ꣬ͨǿ겨ܵ׵õ˼ɱ䡣
һʼǻ׾ǡͶ򴫡ߣȻھ뵽棬ôһͱˡ
˵Ͷ򴫡ˣҲһ칬ĳһǿߣĻǶ칬սҪһˡ
ҲΪζԷҪʥдҲӵСͶ򴫡ֳԲǸԭдӦöԽ뵽֮УȻȴѡʥдĵʥ飬ǲ̫ðˡ
ͨʥض˵ǳΣգ칬ĻΪǻʥط𣿡
ʥɾ˵飬˵زǻѾȷһ鼮ǡͶ򴫡
ôҲ벻ײ鼮ߣҲ벻⻯ġ
һ֮⣬һַΧ̫ˣֻӡݳ֮Ҳʹϼ˽뵽С
ҹҵ˾ȷ֮󣬷ʥػ˶ô1ӵʶյҪǲʵĻѷ֣ɴ˿ɼʥȫķΧ֮ڡ
ô֣ҲֻпдԭʱǸʥؽеˡ
ҹҵ˲µһ㣬ǲΪζԷҪô˵칬ֳʵʥصԼ˶ĵطǸ
ǻʣԶʥΪ׵ҹŴ׵ôһ¡
˭ǲŸһ͸ܵǿ겨ǿ겨ڳʥ˶еա
ǷûУ׵겨ǳǿᣬϢҲǿޱȣһҪ߹ĸоûǸ߹󣡡һʥͻȻһ˿쳣ڹ۲ʲô˭ȴԡ
ȷʵ׵Ҳһַǳ߹оƽȵĴڣ˵ǿ֣֮ҲڱʵϢϲô󡣡
ûȻǶʥߣҲֻܹǿȣ޷ıʽڵ걾ȴȫһȼ֮ϡ
Щҹʥڸܵ׵걾Ϣ֮󣬶̲סĿ˱ϵĶʥߣϣǿĶͬʱҲһʥ顶¡ĳ˵һڵ
ֻǿˣܹڵ
ǿҲûã֪ʥʵΪɫģΪɫǴңϧѾ칬ܵظˡҲʾԼϵ顣
Ͼʥ֮ǰһֱǽκоģΪܵظĴڣǳ˽еĽɣһ˭ԿѺ걻ܵظ֪ôǶԷ磬еĴڣҪСܵظĹ
׵껹ϸ۲һ£ͻֵᷢΧһЩϸСĽᾧ
ᾧֺ׵걾ˣҲǵıǵ뿪ģôҪڼ׵꣬Ͳ൱ƽռ˻ʵһ
ڵѾǵⷶΧǾ͵ȴ׵ЩȻڸѯʰɡ
ҹҵʥƬ֮󣬱ǵ뷨˶ʥ
ҹԭɶʥģʥ׵ĸףĵλʱˮǴߣȻǼȴеһмΡ
ټš¡ƾⱾλʥ֮⣬˸ӵõҹ֮˵ľء
ڴȷʵֻŵȻȷε칬Ϊôϸھ͵֮ȥɡʥ룬Ǿ뿪
뿪֮ǰһºεһ͵һʱ֪ͨԼ
Ȼľ粢Ǻܸߣֻо˶ѣΪҪµ̫ˣһеġ
⼸ʥĹ۲죬׶ҹҲôᣬ˶ʥά״̬
߰ɣҪˣ
ýūڴػūȻûеõ׵ĺøУûаߡ
ȴŰɣȥһ칬顣
ҹҵʥһ˵Żһ뿪׵ķ䡣
뿪֮ĸӰʱ˳
ǿ࣡ĸڵʵڲôƾųǿĸ֪ͿԸӦʥǺǿ
ô˵ǲרĴڣҲﵽʥ߼ˣǿӦġ
˾֮֮϶Աȼ
ˣԭҵС˽ףǸ֣Ȼû˼䣬ֱֺǸһֵˣҪô˼ãҪô
ĸղ׵ֶ֣еһ䡣
֪ЩͨǲܹǼ֣ǵʱΪɻ
Ϊʲôĸһʱ仹벻ܵ˵ĸûдᵽѵζҲ˵Ǻõġ


260 ߹֮
ʱţתۼʮ͹ȥˡ
ʮ棬ֵ鼸Ѿʥ˾֪ĵز
ΪҪǣʮ׷˼ı任
磬һɼǿϢʼΪԭ罥ɢʮɢ֮£ϢѾҹҡ
ڶԣÿһҹҵ˶ܵһɼǿѹ֮·һֻε˫һ㡣
ʥ޷ѹҹʥȻҲһ㣬ֻҪ΢еģҹҷΧ⻹סҹ֮ˣͶ׷뿪ҹңʱס档
ʣµˣҹҵˣԼһ±ⰲﶢ׵ҹӵܡ
Ϣı仯о׵ΧҲ˱仯
׵ϸԪںʱΧ˵ɫĽᾧ壬ЩᾧȻϸԪġ
һʼᾧֻǷǳ˿ʱͻֺᷢܶĹâȵڶ졢ʱ򣬽ᾧѾס׵塣
ȵ졢ڰʱ׵ΧѾһ˽ᾧֱʮʱ׵Ѿȥһˮˡ
ʮ棬һҲû
״̬öʥĸ˶е㵣ǣĸ֪ڽܵĵڽֻǶʥ֪ѡ
ʥȻףܹеľ׵ϣΪʮ棬ѾʼȵĶȷ
ǿƹ߹Ҳò嵫һͿԺ忹ˣֵĻǿ߹ֻܹ֮ǿֵѡ
ڣʥؾһ֮ս顣

ʥأµڡ
ʮʥڵս£Щʥֻжʮʥصʥȫ߹ʥԺҲһʥ
ʥ߹һ⵽ɵĹȻŹеʥߣЩȴȫԵˣѵһֱŰ𣿡
ɵǸԿ⣬ʥȥҲֻǵȽ׵ǿߣȻֵʸûС
ÿɱһǳʱ˵ҪʥؽףһʼҲǡ˵ڲ׵ĻҲ֡
ʥȻɹսǵʥҲͬܲսɺɵûȥƺĻһս彫֮Σ
һеⶼʼףһʼȻҲϣ׽壬ֻǽһףܹ˿ڵʧôһ¾ס
߹ʥߴǵ뷨Ҳʥذ׽ԴƽϢŭ
Ժûи߹վһ֮ϡ
Ժͬ⽻ףΪ忪սˣԾǰ׽˳ȥʱڲᷢսʱƣպսǻῪġ
ǽףĿľΪ˸ӸѣԴ׵ĳɳΪ֪ɳףвǵĶ塣
׾͵ԾĹǱ׵Ļ˵պ彫ˡ
̵ɱ壬ȴѹӳŵϣѵ߹ҲѾ𣿡
Ժʥǳһ仰ˣһ仰Ȼû߹ʥ߸ı뷨ǵȴΪ֮е˲
Ҳ֪뷨ڻֻһ300ǿҲһʥ
ʥĻȻῼǰгȥڵѾزѲΪⷽ绹չʱ𣿡
ˣһжˣȻҲ֪׷ǳĿϧΪ壬ϣǿȷľ
ֻʥܹǣסԷһλʥǿɶԷֻɱǵգ޷ֹ
ѣûһӵʱ䣬ͻ԰ټơǧƵȥ
ֻǵľҲ칬ְҲ˵Էְɡ
߹ʥ˵ЩʱҲΣ֮ʥ˵£֮ǰȻܶˡ
Ҫ֪߹֮пڵĹңҲǴ
׵ˣѾõ˼ԭ׷ΪүԴװѴ۹ϧһٶǴռһ롣
ȻǿڲĻǸɲһʱͻĳУʱûаʱ䶼Իָ
ʧȥôĳУʧĲ˿ڣм˺Դ
˵ز֮ʥͶĿŵʥͶʥϣΪʥƿ˾ֻɿڲܹ׽ȥ
ɿڵĻ߹ԺһҲ״ߡ
οֻ߹ѣԺͬʥҲûб̬
ʥɡ
ʥ
ڶʥҲ볳ܣٰԼ˵֮󣬾ͷ׷׿ʥȴվ
ʵϣʥҲ뵽֮С
ϣģΪѾɱɫһȻҲܿӣϾĺӣǻָĺӡ
֮󣬾ѾһЩ뷨ټ׵׷Ըʥ֪׾ԲԴУ϶취
˴ĽǶ׽ȥõѡ񣬷Ҳòʥˡ
Ȼ֮ǰһܾλ¼İ׽ȥôľҪһһ
Ӱ쵽۵׼ң䣬λΪҪܵӰ졣
Щʱһ˷ӲʲôǧˡҲʲô˳ɡųϵ˿һͬҹ䣬ôλҲԳܡ
رıֵܹЩ䣬źûС
һĻʥͲܹ´ˡ
´ķʽк֣ܶϸ˼Ƭ֮󣬾ͶűϵĶʥ˵
ɵŰŭգΪֹɵŰҾӽҹػɵɱ¾һҾûа취פʥأԴڿʼǴȥʥְλְλʥԺʥµʥ
ʥ˵֮󣬾ͽһ˳Ӹ˶ʥ
ǡʥ񡷣ӵвһʥ֮ġʥ񡷣ڶӱɱ֮󣬾ȡˡʥ񡷡
ʥ񡷺ʥλһͬʥ˵жΣһԵúΰ
ٴȥĻЩ֪˶


261 µʥ
еѡȻ˺ܴȨԴʵȷʵһȫĽֻֽ֣Եġ
λǰʥݣܹúðʥʥصһ飬Ҿȥƺɡ
ʥٰʥġʥ񡷽󣬾ֱӶ뿪µ
һߣڳʥһʱ䶼뵽˳Ĭ֮УʥҲˣȻҲû뵽Ȼôı仯
ҪǣʥôԭҲʥôĴۡ
ڵԣܶʥʲôѡ񣬶ḶĴۣƫƫûа취ܾ
Ϊֻλܹƺ⣬ҪٰʥλתָˣҲûаȥƺһɣǰʥڽˣͻᱻݡ
УĺúݣȻóλãһ֮¡ʥЦĿϡʥ񡷣˵ı
ʥζҪõĶڶ˵ȴ˵ĳأΪʥ񡷵ĵ֣ͻζҪԼĺӵڶıԵ
ԭΪ׵ĸûеѡֻܹѡ׽ȥ
׽ȥ˻˵ΪػԼĺӣȴѡǧǧ࣬ĴҹҲܲס
ȻͳȥĻͬҲ˵ָ𣬵ƣǾ׵ĸףʱֻҪһϷܹѣܳһЩ˼ı仯
鷢չĳ̶ȣҲһл£Ҳ۵ҹңҪȰĺõöࡣ
ϾпйһҪ׵飬˰Ļ԰׼ҵĴ̫ǿˡ
顭ʥ͹۵ľǶȥµľĸ׵ĽǶȡ
ɣʥǻṫ˴黭ǵÿһÿһ䶼ᱻ֪˻Լеıˡ
ʥصʥǶµóʥĵǣͬʱҲ׶ʥһ´ĻʲôĴǴӰ뿪֮󣬾һĻһеĹ̶¼
ҲְڵĳֻҪʥ´ôǾͻһж
ϾѾ̫ˣ߹ʥ߶ϣʥѡгףǻ̶ȵİʥޡ
ֻ𣬾벻ڶ취ʥ̲סһ䣬һǳģҲֻǴΪ˲׽ȥҶĳޡ
ûˣ׵Ļɱ¾һ֮ǣסһɣɵԾɲСӣһȴûп֮Ĵڡ
һʥҡҡͷ˵ʵսûλ뵽еĻһְܾҲܻôĿ죬λμӽĻƽʮͱ˳
ѡ񱣻׵Ļջ޷ʥصķ߹ȴҪٰĽ
УԺҲֻܹѡʥأʥؾմܹ¶壬廹ǻᱻųɾţΨʣһִʥء
ĽֲҪģԺڻ˵ز󣬶ֱ֧ˡ
Ϊһٶֱ֧ף͵ͬҪİԴ˻ȡ׵
Ļȡһ١һǧԽܣǰǧ࣬ôͲˣΪԺʥҲеߵġ
֪ˣȻˣôȻ´ֻ´֮ҪȫһŵʥȻѾ뷨Ҫ
ʲôŵһʥһ䡣
֪Ȼ²ã˵ĹϵãҲ׵ѣټ׵Ṇ֮̀һ뿪Ļ˱Ҫƴػǣʥصĸ߲Ҳضλǣһ㶼Ļ׶Ĺס
ʥ֪жںǣһھҪ
ƾҪ󣬱˶ôŭ
һͬ⣬ǲԸ˵ģ߹ģպضչ˺ǡ
ǱĺԺѧĺԺȻҲˡ
ԺҲˣ
ҲԸǩԼ顣
Ժʥʶ׵ģǻõˡͶ򴫡ֳȻֳΪʧˣѾõ˲ٺôһЩͨҲͶһ˼Եġ
ԼǡͶ򴫡ʧˣҲô꣬οǲ֪Ȿ飬Ƕһ˷ΪԼûгɹų鼮Żʧ֮С
Ǵ𣿡
һȺʥ߸пʱͻȻһݵÿһʥ֮С
仰ֱӴĹȥģֻǿȥ
ͷųˣȻˡ
屻ᾧס֮ǿȾѾԽԽˣһֱڳ˯״̬˯еȴǳУڤڤ˺Լʱͽ˹
Ⱥ˵Ҫչºˡ
һ׵ŭʱɢ˳⻹ûأȺʥȻҪչŮˣ˼Ǵ׵ۡ
ҪңȻڰչ¶ǣǴôչˣҸеİǼˣǹµһӣ׵ٶȴ뵽˵Ժ֮С
һ˵֮µͳһõӰ
Ӱһʼʱãȹȥ˼к󣬾ͳΪһȻõģȥǳʵࡣ
࣬Ȼˣ׵ı壬Ҳ׵ֻ꣬׵һ
֮ǰĻȷʵһ㣬ϸԪǿӳ֣Ѿǿһĵز֣ͷֶȻҲֵ
ǺִѧʿרľѾﵽ˺ִѧʿ𣡡һʥߵڵֶΡ
ǺִѧʿһȻⲻʥߵ򣬵׻ֻһŶѣľȴǿزܲ𾪡
һ֮⣬һ𾪵Ǿ̫Сˡ
ϣ޼˶Ϊʱƶģڵ״̬ȫһʶ
ˣڳĲʥ˶һͷ
ķķ
20䣬ӵǿľҪôǵõԶɴڵطҪôǱ칬Ƭš
źҪǵõĻ಻ܹԽ塣
ˣ˵Ҫ׽塣
⡭


262 ѡʹ
һȺʥӵķ֮󣬱ҪģΪǹϵ˵顣
ǣƤٺһʱҲû˸ҿڼ˵ȥΪѾóںˡ
ѾܹˣӦ÷ŭʸӵ׼ȷ
ףǽͣɡѾʼɱİˣĿǰѾһٶгʥ֮ȫɱǲĻཫһʥ뵽εĵزҪһ¡
һ꣬ܿһʥ˵˵Ķʵһ㲻ſԳȥ˽⣬ϣܹǵ֮ǰ
ʥ˵ʱɫʼˣԴΪʥ֮󣬻ǵһλΪԼĻе߳ܡ
Ϊ壬ҧ˵ף֮ǰϣΪ뽫ʥӵеʥ鶼ĻǾͻᱣǣպкӵĻ׷ϣҡ
ʥҲ֪ԼĻףҪ˵ȥ
ڰҲֻޱĿʥ϶дҪ뿪뷨ĺҪǲû뿪
ǸʥĻҲøոճΪʥĶʥеǶˡ
˶ʥû˵꣬Ļ˵죬ҳȥӴԺ󲻵ٶ̤ʥأһҷĻض㵱ɱ
ʥЩ׵˽⣬Ȼ֪ʥ˵ĻѾ׵ˡ
һ׳׷ŭôֻӼѣױ칬ټҲʥܡ
ԸղŵЩ̽Ե˵Ҳ
ʥ˵һжΪˡ

Ǹʥ˵ЩʲôĻû˵꣬ʥʹһ漴һ֮˲ͽǸʥµ
ʥʧ֮󣬶ʥתͷ˵֮սѾ뵽ڣڰѾȥԸλˣλûܹƺ⣬ȥĻǻᱻȵĲòѡ㡣
ʥѾȷ֪˸ղŵһУҲƭףֱӰ뷨˵˳
Ȼŭǻûʧȥǣ֪ʥȷʵΪõıǻûиʥѡء
֪ˣǿԸǩһƽԼǰǰ͸ǣŵ͸ǣȻҴ׺ܾǰ뵽һ㣬˶Բߡ
ֻǣû뵽һ컹ˡ
Сף֪ʲôλڵģֶյǵǰҲûһôʥһľᷢʲô
ҵȻ֪׵ͷʾԼס
βװԼ͵ΣѲ彫ʳ
ǣƽӡ׵֣
֮ײΪΪ壬Ҳֻܹѡˡ
ѡܹԼ޷ܱǿһôֵҪ˵չֻ
˵ֻܹչˣκε´ߵͷˣױɱĵˡ
ҪΪʲôʥҲ˵ı
ʥȻƺŽԴ֪Լĺ֮󣬶ͷȻҲ˳
Ҫ´Լĺȥʮδֹıٶȳˡ
ĳֶ˵Ǻɱ˭Ҫȥ顣
ҵҪչ˺¶ǣɱҵģ˵ʱ־˼ᶨ
ļᶨ־һΧ˲ͳõĳ
ЩĽҲԯҲиɽĪаӰȡԶʮе
ǳ֮󣬽˲סµǿĽ⣬Щʥ߶̲סĵ
ҪǲĻȻҲд⣬ʶٻܵ˺
׵Щﵽ޺󣬾ͼص˵һ֮ʱҸ¶Ĵ֮գһҪʥǰμӣҪף
׵ţԼҪ
֮ôŲΪϸԪڷǳǿ󣬶ܹܵĽᾧ˵һֱ
Щᾧ϶ȷǳ֮ߣǶ˵һַǳǿıλҲĹҲԵֵ
ͬʱҲһ㲻õĵطǾ׵Ҳڱӡ״̬ڽᾧʧ֮ǰֻܹİݳ
˵Ҳ۳⣬ֻҪԷǿĻͲܵ׵Ӱ졣
ҪҲˣ֪ԼǷºܶ࣬ǻΥ̫εĳŵһδӻĻʹӭȢŮǷǳ¡ص֡
Сףֶβ壬ֶεĹǸʤһԲѡ񳹵׼칬ɣĻʥʾ֭Ҳദһ׶ȹһٵİ취
Ȼֻ뷨ѣ칬ʵ̫ˡ
֮ڵĻȻа취칬Ʊ岻֮ʧˣҲʧȥһŵơ
˵Χһĸ飬ʵ̫Сˡ
ûʸ칬칬ôİⶼˣô칬֮ҲٶȰҡ˵˽ڣںǺ˿ʲô
˵ɣӦҲ֪칬һ磬Ҵεеõ˼ĺôЩôһϵĻôλĴҲɱҡװԼ״˵˳
û̾ϸԪˡ
ϸԪǿᣬ֮󲻵ġ
ڵ״˵ǴڸϸԪںϵ״̬ͱķǳˡ
һ׸ϸԪںϳɹôİ֮壬׾͵ڳΪ˰ˡ
˵İû꣬׶ʵʵڵİɡ
׵ɣɲɣǵɣɡ
ֻ֮ɣ˵ɾѾﵽ˳׵ķΧ
ֻҪܹȹںڣôλɱ
ϾɵͺѻɵԪǻ߼ϸԪǶǻȥ׵
ó壬ӵͨ
Ҳ˵һ׳ɹĻһǸһĴ۶ѡ
˵ʧȥǿϧײǲܹܣϸԪĴڣ׾ͿĶκ塣
㲻ᣬԼŵرһ䶼û⣬׵Ĵ㡣


263 뿪ʥ
ףסºİȫһʥ㱣֤ʥײαװҪǽԼǱ˾
Ļһ䣬һʥܿóһҳ켶ֽȻд˺ü
ЩȻ׸ոˣǸʥһд꣬ǩԼ֡
տƾǾٴԼպ˭ΥԼضܵظޱУԶĥ
ʥ߾ĺԺԨʥΪĺԺǷײ٣ԲŻ֮ԣҵһͷǩ֡
ָһǩ꣬һܵظϢ˿УȻӡԼ·
Ϣ˵ܵظѾ֤һУ˸ΥԼĻôܵĳͷҪϾ
ǩɣ
Ҳã
ڶʥ߿Լ󣬶ٶôһԥΪһֽԼǩµĻⱲӾͶҪȥ
Ϊ壬Ϊ˶Ե׵ջǩԼ֡
ǩʥҲǶʥǧ֮Ƕ
ף֮ǰǷҪһǣʥԼǩ֮󣬾Ͷһ䡣
ˣҲҪҵȥǺúöѧϰҵĻ˵ȥһˡ룬Ǿ顣
˵ܹ˿ɲô룬ϾλȻλֹܳףԷǿˣһʥλԶżĴڶ׶֡
һʥλһԶżûκΣգʥλԶżǷǳģôԿ׸һЩۡ
ĺȻҲףҲûѡ
˵Լûѡܹ¡֪Ψһܹ뿪ǰŮˡ
֮ǰǾȳģ˭ȴıʡ
ȷ𣬱Ͼܻǵһμˡʥ̲סһ䣬Ůһ涼
ȷˣҲõ˼ĺô֤ܹЩôõ£Ȼ󡭡
˵ʱ׵Ӱͽȥˣ˭Ҳû˵ʲô
Լȴǳ˵ĺôȻŮõ
ЩҪʱԴģڳڿûжĳЧһڣôӳԶԶϵ
һֵע⣬ǾЩͻҲ˵ҲԼʹеõľ޴ô
뿪֮󣬶ʥ͸ʥһͬ׵ķȥ

׵ķڡ
ɢȥµǱߵ֮ʱֳ֮ܿĸߡ
磬Ҳ뵽ɾ֮УܿǾͱ˴ֻɾŲᱻǷ֡һͶĸһ䡣
ĸѾ׸֣գ־ĸĵһֻ֣á硯ִˡ
ĸҲУο˵ıֻܹܡ
Ҫ뿪𣬿鷳ˣĸǺܴģżĸͲµˡ
ûҺ֮ǰҪٶȳ֡׻ظĸ
Ÿո˵꣬ʥ˵Ϣͳˡ
׵ѾҹңҹҪǳָйصᱻ֪ǹʱȻҲӲ׵ĸ֪
֨ѽ
һܿ׾ֿ˶ʥˡ
ŨڵγɵľΧǻǵĻҲһ
Щӡʮ죬ͽ뵽֮УһºͻῪʼʧȥһĻͻΪ䲻Ҫǿȵķ궼벻
ûǵ޷ķӡ׵ͷȴԻҲ˵겻ǴѧʿˣǻҪǿ
ԣ׵ͷǺǿܹ֮һ㣬Ӧķš
Щʥ׵״̬֮ȻһȣҲܿͷ׵״ֻ̬״̬׼ȷˡ
׵ȷʵû̫ǿı̫ˣ㵽ЩʥҲֻܹĵز
ףΪ˲ٶŰǻϵǣھҪߡʥûвЩۡ
˵Щ۶ûģΪǿҲûˣǶҪ׽ȥ
֪ˣ
׵شһ䣬Ȼֻһת漴ͽһСɵٻ˳̵ϷƯһ鼮ǱȻǡסʥ顣
̡סһֳ˶ʱһȻÿһжϲá
ҽʥڽ㣬ҲٵʱΣգôͰʥ¶ʥϢܹӳʥ˳ɵ
֪Լ뿪˳ȻţȴԴ뿪ǰҪº·
ʥ˵Ǽ·ֻҪʥƣټ϶ʥ˵ԼôºϾǲʲôвˡ
ǣײֱܹӰʥŮֻܹöʥΪܣΣ֮ٶȽŮһֱӽŮĻǱض֪Ǳֳ״
һᱣܺõģʥͷȻףȴĽ
ˣ߰ɡ
׳ʥ֮⣬Ҳûʲôɽ
Щʥ󣬶̲ס̾һΪǻϣװѡԶʮֻײóĻҲû˸ҳȥҪ
Ͼ׶˵Ҳ˵õⱾ飬ǿҪҲǰҪ
ЩʥУ׻ѾǱ֮ˣԡԶʮ˵þҪˡ
˵岻ܹʹⱾ飬ǿ鼮ʵ̫˷ˣʥѾܹⱾˣҲ˵ĵȼѾԽʥ顣
ĽĽ޷鼮׽ܣҲûӴﵽ鼶ֻڰ֮ĵȼ
ˣĵ幥Ҳڡ¡ˡ
ȻˣôǾ߰ɣ
ʥһһۣȻóˡ¡ٻһս
ʥҲ׷ٻһЩԶսʿЩԶսʿ׵ᵽս֮ϡ
Щ֮󣬶ʥٻһսʥȥǼʻװ׵սֱӳʡ
뿪֮ʱʥصʥиܵһǿ겨ǵ塣
Щ΢Сһǣڸܵǹ겨ЩŵòһڵϣҺϢֻһͬһ㣬Ȼ˻ᱻ


264 ս
ʥʥ֮ԸܵĿֲϢȻΪڱʱ򣬴ڵλ·ˡ
Ҳˣһʱʥصʥʼעŵ˶ʥս֮ϡ
ֻϧսƶٶ̫죬˺ܶûüսѾʧˡ
սʧûԼҵº飬Ҳ̲ס̧ͷһա
ϤϢǸ𣿡¿յսʱһɻ
Ȼ֤ʵ˲ˣʥЩ鼮Եʣ˻ϵġ
˵ǿ겨һʱ´ܵһ˿ϤϢϸԪԣҲȷǾס
ԭΪ겨̫ǿˣҲû˵׵ʱڱôǿ
¶˵ǵģΪЩ춼ûϢѲǱ߳ʲôʣûдг⻯٣Ϣûдݸ壿ҲǵĿգǵĻҪȫһЩ
Ҳ֮Ҳ磬Լҵķ̫ˣǰѩҲ벻ȥοǡεĿһΧȻתص˷֮С
ǲףǾ㵣Ҳûʲô취
ҲǿһСȻתص֮С

սԵش
ʱϴ߹һҵĽ
һսɳ˽ǿֵ״İԵ
ЩסȻͨ϶ҪһЩƾϵƣûþ뵽˱֮С
ɱ壬̤ƽǡ
ҪҲֻֻضѣֻҪɱףͰȫˡ
ױκεҵǰ壬Ҫ
ս֮ϣĺɱ֮ԶԶ߸еεǣĴһʼûаǵĿ꣬ǰǵǵǰĶơ
սɣЩȻҲвʡ
ʵΪ׸ٻеֵģǵʮ׵Ķƺ󣬶ױδôʿеͻԽԽ
ǵ˶һǰЩ˶뵽״̬
ǵսΪʲôΪڻ֣ѲʥؿΪƴΪ
ҼﻹӺͺӣ֪ս֮ʥܷ񱣻ǡ
Ҳ¼սҲ˼ˣҡ
ս֧˳ʮʱһЩʿʼˡ
ͨսǾսҲԹ޻ڣΪʵΪ۹ΪսȻڱ˵ֻΪһսս˭Ҳ޷ܡ
һЩʿΪܵӰ죬ڷӳԼӦеʵͬʱҲΪǲרսԵʣܶʿ˵˵Ĺ֮¡
Ĺͺǿټ׶ԼֶΣһʱʮҵʿ
ЩʿͬʱͻȻһɼǿ겨մ
겨˵ǿᣬǿᵽվϻʣµ200סʿϵ
ʲôǿѹ
ʥ𣿲ʥߵѹҲ˵ǿᡣ
֧Ԯģ
֧ԮôһξҪȫˡ
ʿܵ˿ֲϢ󣬵һʱͿǵ֧Ԯ֧Ԯϸһ֮󣬾Ͷĵλ
Ϊ׵ѹ̫ǿˣʥͷųϢﲻز
Ͼͨѹѹűʵġ
ѹֱͷϵģǿĻͻԶԷǳǿﶼ
ͨѹҪռ䡢ȵȷżӳֵϵģһֱӵ꣬Ϣ˸ܵʱ򣬱ͻܶࡣ
һ㣬Ǿһ˵궼ǳСǸܵ׵֮ŻΪ׺ǿϾʥ߸ܵ׵ϢþĶǣοЩͨʿˡ
ټλѾˣλҲ˻˵׵ĻҲֲɱߣһϢûУʿǱܵľΪλˡ
Ǳߵ뷨ȴͬΪ֪ϢԲλϢ
ڰִֵʥλԼԲսԶż壬ǶǳϢһ֧Ԯ
Ĳ˵ڵսҲͲҪ֧Ԯ
ʥ𣬾˵ʥҲӵλ߳ʥصĻͲʥʥֻɱ𣿡
ʥδҲ̫ԴˣȻǾ֪ͨʥþǰɱ
ֻһλΪһĻǵλͿɱǵʥߣʱҪϳˡ
̫ˣǵʥҲżǿķԳ׳ѣٻǳΪǵū
սΪİʱ̨˳ˡ
ھͿʼϵʥ
帺ⳡսԶżʥһ̣;ϵǵλǰ֧Ԯ
ϾλǶѾˣҪԿλĻֻпλſԡ
ǰΪλĴڣȻжԼλţҲλȰǴɱ
ڷ׵Ϣǵһʱ֪ͨԼλ
䣡䣡
ȴǵʥʱͻȻսո߽Ȼֱս롣
սµλ彻սشǶٿǰһЩʱֱӰʮʿѹˡ
սһʥߴصķ򣬷ֱöǳǿĳ
ɲͨĳǳɱԶżڵĳ
ǿĳǵʥǰ壬˲䱻壬Ȼ󲻸ҵĵ˵ϡ
ǵȻ˶ʥϣʵ϶ʥûǣֻԼ뿪սѣʥЭĿӣûܵԼķɡ
һͷʥλƴʼзϾöš¡ļӳ֣˼ʥλҲòȫ

ײȥ֮󣬺ܿʥλľ޴Ӱͳս֮С
ʥǿһһȫһԲûɱκһʥߣֻǰȫ˶ѡ
ʥ߿ǱҲ˼


264 
ʥս֮׵ϢʧⲢϢǶʥսϢס׵Ϣ
һʥ߲֪
ڣʥ߱ʥĲֳ֮ս˲ͱð˺ܶࡣ
˵İܹİİ˺һűʥ߸ơ
ֳ棬ߵʿȻǸˣΪ֮ǰΪ֧Ԯأ˭ȷʵ֧Ԯһǡ¡ĳߡ
κһˣⱾ¡һĪ·ֻҪֵĻһеⶼӭж⡣
֮ǰΪλϢȻҲ͵ǶʥɢˣϾʥš¡ȷʵзӳλĿԡ
ߵʿȻǲǱߵʿͺܲˡ
ǿҵҹ׵ĸף¡ĳߣ벻ȻսһʥĶŶʥƺź
һֱעص㣬ЩϢܺò飬ϾĺԺһվֵô󣬾ҪҲǲܵġ
׵ĸ׾ȻһǴš¡˵Ļᡣһʥ˵뷨
һʼһΪʥˣû뵽ֻһʥĵֱѰ·
µ˵ȷʵһᣬʥ֮һֱ֣Ǽɻ䡶¡Ȼʥûͬôÿ
ܵˡ¡Ϣ֮Ȼк𾪣ϲá
ԣǺɱʥֻ֮࣬ҪʥڵλжʥôǾûа취ʥأҲûа취ס
ײ׵ĳɳٶȶԣֻҪʱ䣬ضԳΪΪʥʱҪ׼֮ˡ
ˣǲŻ᲻һеĹ壬ĿֻһǾɱס
ڶʥֻҪǰպûᣬʥɱѡ¡ߣ˵ĿԲڵЩ
ûˡ¡ô²֪ʧȥҲ½ɣսٻ½ɣʥصķҲ١
˵ʥ߼ʥ󶼺Ǿϲ
ɶʥȴһ㶼ûиеǣֻǵ˵Ѿ֪ͨǸԵʥҲãʡٶȥѰǡ
һ˵꣬ʥͻȻüͷ
ʥ϶ҲڵܴҲ˵Īʲôı
ıǷǳ֮࣬Ǻܶսǣȴƾıȡʤλı
ã֪ͨʥҪȻͻǵĹ켣
¡Ȼʥ飬ȴԵбҪĳױԻɱλѲǵ뷨ɱǵһλʥ
̫ˣʵǡ
廹Ǻܹ˼ɵģǶԡ¡һ鼮˵λʥ׶ԸⱾĳս
͵Ҫ֪ͨǵʥʱһжѾˡ
ʥ˶ʥ뿪ʥغ󣬵һʱ
ڸʥİȻҲŹˣһסǿһΪ׵Եʻһ
ʥʥȻҲ֪ǴôԸǣһʧܵġ
¡ȻǿҲֵܹ֮£ɱǵκһ
ʥһ໥һۣȻСĵվһ
ﵽλ֮ǻΪⷽǿĴ֮һǶľǲɡ
ʷأвǿΪС壬Ӷ뵽ļı֮Ȼ
ڣȻռ˾ƣĵطʥأС
裬ȴҡҡͷ˵ѾʥˣʥǵĳƺҪһˡ
аݵı仯һ£ʵЩûбҪͣ˵˳
Ϊа⻰˵֮ľͻעֳһЩŵʥϣҲ֪ʥϻӵвȡ¡Сġʥ񡷡
ʥͲټϡ¡͡ʥǿļӳ֣λҪСˡ
ԭˣһΰҪԸˣȻˡλ۲һ󣬾ͽ˶㣬Ȼȹ
ĻŸ˵һ㣬ʥʹֱ˵ʥҲսģΪ
ʥԼĿ˵˳ǲڴ˿̻ɱһʥԼǳ˽⣬ֶ֪ҲǶ¶ѡ
£ʱƵģһϣôʤıض塣
Ҫ˫Ŀ϶ʥΪ֡
š¡͡ʥ񡷵İٶʥҲѱλɱ
ʲôλվ֮УӸµĶŶʥһ䡣
֮ǰͱʾύˣǵһʱ䲢û뵽һ㡣
ȻǽףǩƽԼˣǿ˴֮սΪĲҪɱԸı𣿡ʥɼһЦȻ󽫡¡
̬ȣȷʵǱҪλ̸һ̸λȴŶʥ
Ҳ㣬֮ǰ̬ô򵥣ΪͻȻı뷨ɼʡ
ܼ򵥣Ϊǲڵ˿ȫɱ⣬Ͼһ˵ڱҲ޷Ͱȡʥʵش𵽡
ЩѾ࣬˵Щһ˸С
Ȼһǲ㣬ϰ׽гĻôǵɲ䡣ʥ˵ֱӣһεĿȷʵס
ԣʧȥ׵ĻڳһͬţȻûκв
ĴǧҲû˵ΪֻҪɱףһΣͻȫ
ܺãֻҪԸ׻ȡƽôǾͻ͸ǣΪȷǲ֣һҪʥֽҳǩԼ
ʥһ˵ţһ߽һֽҳ˳
ʥֽҳǷǳϡٵֽţʥػôſġ
ʥֽҳ߼ֽţλǩԼĻҲܵԼֽԼ廹ǹݳ޵ġʥʥֽҳ󣬾ͳû˶ʥһ䡣


266 ظŭ
ʥȻҲΪʹʥֽҳԼۣҲֻʹֽţŻġ
ϾûнӴλλҲǺ˽⣬ֻʹǿֽǩԼܹġ
ȻһףԼֱԷǿƻôһоͶˣҲ
ߣԼѾⶨˣϸһɣܵĻôҾһʱ䣬ȻȥټеʥǩԼͬĻôպױضΪɥʧеڡʥ˵ʱͰʥֽҳ˹ȥ
Ҳʥֽҳ˵ʥֽҳǱ󣬵ҲֻǶԡ
ʥֽҳԣһֽѣһż¼ֽֽͨûκ𣬷ǾֽΨһܹģǩֶѡ
ֽϵݣдʲô޷طϿɣΨǩʱ֤Լĳ
Լû⣬Ĵ׽ɻе㲻ѡ񣬵ϸһ֮󣬷Լȷʵû⡣
ΪԸסʥͷǳ˵ѡ
һԵİУҲΪʥ˹ϵѡеһЩȡ
λҪľ־꣬һζʥѡһɵĻôҶȷʱڽλľȻ˹ϣ칬˵ʱ֮ϣΪλ֮һжԶʥзһ¡
Ϊλ֮һλҪʲôʥѾǳӽˣֻҪڸϣôΪλֻ顣
ǾǩԼǾżʥλ׼ð׽ɡλŶʥ˵һ䣬漴Ϳʼٻʥλ
λȻе㻳ɣԼ޷׵ģҲϸÿһԼ֪û©Ҳʼʥλ
ʥλûλôǿᣬǵƶٶҲǷǳ졣
Ҳǹ˰СʱңʥλѾȫսΧ
ЩʥλȻߴǧһͬɢƣ·ٶʿҶһ¡
˵Ѿʥߵѹ֮ɣȥĿȨֻܹĿϵ̬仯
ʥλһ֮ʱλԼǩ֡
ˣ
ǩֵ˲䣬ʱԼû뵽ǵ֮С
ԣֻΪĴڣֱϵԼǳԽ
οһζʥҲѧϰԨʥдԼļɣֱԼдܵظ֤ݣȻõܵظļ֤
ܵظļ֤λǿҪӡȥĻҲûϿɿܡ
ϢܵظϢһܹܵһ־עǣڵʶ֮ǿԶԶλλǩԼ֮󣬶ʱͷ֮һ־ע
Ҳܵǹǿ־ǱԵĵ⣬ҪϢҸеЩϤҲ˵ǸǿĴнӴλҲص˵һ䡣
һϤĸоĪʥܰɶ黹ǱȽ˽ģڵһʱ뵽Ǹ־ˡ
ʥܰʥбȽǿĴڣȻΪ˴󱻴ܵظ֮УȴҲΪܵظ֮˵Լ˲䣬Ȼעӵλ
ټܰȻܵظ֮ˣ֮ǰϾ壬˶ļǺȻġ
һ㣬Ǿܰ׵ʦڵԼȴ׽壬κΰ취ɱףԼôܲܰŭ
ΪҪǣ֪ܰݵģ칬֮ǡ硷ݣܰϣ
ˣôҲҪ취ڸոôһ˲䣬ǿн뵽磬Ȼɱλ
ֻϧܰҲΪ̫ǿˣ޷硣
ô˵ܰڵѾܵظİ£ֱӳΪɼĴڣټϵظ֮ݿõظһȫԳԽκε
ֻϧƵģҪҲˣ״ڤ֮Žٻ
ʥܰ𣬿ɱ֮󣬾͵ڵ˵ظҲ˵һĻͶܰıʥεĸ̾һ䡣
ΪλȻ׾λҲǲĴڣһľͻԵظ֮ıһ˭δе
ǹƽģֻҪǲƻķ򣬾ܰҲ޷κǣЩͶҪˣҪľǽףȻɱʥҡҡͷ
Ƚ˽⣬ܵظֺ˺ܶʱ䣬ȻҲ˲ٵǿߣҲһЩ
ԭˣʥͷٷһ㡣
֮Ŷʥ˵ԼѾ£Ǿͱ׽ɣֻ׵ǵϣԼĳ
ʥ˵ĲԼӡȻѾûǵ֮УԼֽŻû뵽֮УƯڰС
״̬ʾԼһѣֻеԼֽŻΪһ֮Լܹǳ
׾ھͽǡʥҲλͷȻ·սһָһεסͷ˳
׳֮ڳסʥеʥλһʱ䶼עŵ׵ϡ
ףΪλһʥ߲˵
ȷʵ׵ϢɣϢǳǿǿ󵽾ǶĵزһܵϢʥ߻شһ䡣
Щʥλļ֮£ǿȷˮףǲ֪Ϊλ
ļı𣬰׷ӡס
ɵ壬ȻʹּթֶΡ
δҲ̫С壬ѵķӡֹܹǻɱ𣿡
ߣֻҪõףʲô״̬ףɡ
ʥλȻܵĵס׵ɾǿҲΪַܹӡ
λȴô룬ΪǶ֮ϵĸȽ΢̽һ׵Ϣ֮󣬾ͷ׵״̬е㲻Ծ
ײǱӡˣǴĳ״̬Ȼõıʥ׵״̬
һ˵֮ʥҲͰעŵ׵ϣȻǿ֮׽һ顣


267 ʥ
屾ó귽֪ʶ΢һ׵״̬󣬾ҵеص㡣
ЩͬƷؼγɵʣʲԱҲԱ꣬ȱ̫ؼ޷գο屾޷ǳʱôȥ㲻ǶҲ
λ˵ЩʥλͶĿת˶ʥȻȴһ
ʥǲЩģȻʥѾ³˸ţҲ˵˳
׵״̬ԼɵģȻҲܳûƷҪ֪Ͼ칬ˣ칬ʥؿԿġʥһھͰ칬˽
˵ЩҪĿģʵΪ˸ʩѹ
칬Ĵڣ˵ҲһԿ֯
ˣʥ˵칬֮λ鶼ó
칬λĴڱ֤ʵټ칬żǿڣѾûκʵҪ칬Կˡ
칬ǳĵ͵ô嶼ѡս
ߣ칬һù֯ǵλشλϾǴûЩʥǰֹͨ칬Ϊ塣
ˣԼǴɣǧ֮Уλʥ߲֣λʥߵҽκһ壬ԼԶϡ
λ߲һ䣬ȻͶľһ֣λʥλʿȫʧˡ
ȫ뿪֮󣬶ʥϵıҲʱþ
ˣҶĵڶηˣ˵һεѡǲɿܵģΪĸ׵ȴʥһʱǾᣬ־ǱȽϲǿ־ûıֵ̫ԡ
СٶȰԼĺ֮ãȷʵһĸסе뿪ҲûԶʥһ䡣
ڰжԣʥȻ֮ˣȷʵĶ֣ҹЩ԰׼ҵԣðҪʥ뷨
лһ¶ʥ˼Ȼˡ
Уʥλ򣬲ÿһ㱨һΡʥ뷴ʲôǳû´һ
ʵûбҪģʥҪûһ°С
ȻҲóʥ뷨ûΪСֻǵһЦȻ뿪
һߣʥλҲͶ໥һۣȻ󷵻صʥ֮С
ȫ뿪֮󣬶ʥ૵Ķʧĵط˵ҲΪľڣһΪľͷĵȥɣǷϣҶƴһбӵˡ
ʥĬĬŵ֮Ҳתջصʥ֮С
ΪʥȻкܶҪҪΪոΣ˱ҪƿʥصһȨȻЩȨ·䡣
ʥ뿪Ѹ٣֪Լ뿪֮׵֮ͻȻղվĲԶ
ȻҲĺӣȻܹľôҾʹӵԭɣʥһ̶Զʥǲٵӡ
뵽طһʼ׾ƾǿֳ֮һöͷ֮УߵĶԻ
ЩԻһʼЩûӪĶԻǶʥһȴ׶ܵһЩж
ƾŶʥһ仰״㲻ٹʥȥºǴľЩ
Ͼʮ飬Ƕʥ׸žۣߵĽɲɱ⡣
ΪǴӵϴԽˣ飬Ժе뷨ܹڡʮڡڵ˿ΪԼһ
һε¼עݻֻһ¼Ľ֣а˳ɵİղԼա
¶ҪΪҵģٶȹ֮ʱضǾ֮ʱͬʱҲǵĴ֮ʱ׵֮аһԣ漴ͻΪޣص˱֮С
ʱ׵ı֮ʧĵطǺԶΪλûд뿪ء
֮ǰ뿪ֻһ۷ĿľΪ˼ڵ״̬
ղȻѾȷ׵״̬λкܶ鶼⣬˲Ƿǳȷɾ˾ס
Ϊ˲ˣԼԼ̽׵αһֱûа취̫ϸļ顣
֪뿪֮λſʼÿһÿһĶ׽м顣
ûдˣ˾ף벻֮ǰĵĵǶˡλȷ׵ݺһ
ȻλĴڣҲ׻ŵĻжӰ죬֪׳ɳȥĻҪ׵ϡ
ǻǸ߹־ΪǻƴһȻȴɱ壬ڿ˼ҲˡʥһҲǷɡ
ͬλʥͬλλҲӵһ׳ɳĻ׻öôĿ¡
ò˵׻ĵһţԶʱҲҲκһܹŵˡʥȻɱףͬʱҲ׺
ˣ׷ݵԶʱڵĻôһܹӦ˵Զʤס
ʥ·뵽ʲôͣһº󣬲ż˵Զʱڵ֮˵ƾһ֮ѹ嶼ƻս֮У˱ѣסڶҪܵūۡ
֮ȷʵһѾ֤ʵĴڣǵڶûҵȽ׵鷳֮ǾҪİһͬԸȥԸ֮ˡʥôһѣʱ뵽һ޴
˵֮Ҫ׻
Ҳ֮λãôһȶԸ֮ȻڶԸס
Ͼ׶ʱǳɳģ֮ȷʵԶʱھʹڵǿڣ֮㹻ʱȥչôֱ֮ضٶϮ
ȥʥذѣ۹ǵʤһһʥƿ׵ıȻɳǵɱʥʱ֮ΪԸ֮飬Ҫеİ
˵ҪѰˮϾ֮Ĵ˵̫ǿˣҲóȻȥѰ֮


268 
ðɣҿ״ʥأҲɳףڴɱ׵ʱҪԹۿʥӦʥҪ󣬵Ҳ
û⣬һˣҾԲκε⡣ʥͷʥҪǻܵġ
ϣһ˳һ첻Ҿһ첻ܹȡʥ˵һ䣬뿪
뿪֮ʥҲʹ׿ʼʥطء
һ·֮ϣʥʱգǴ׷衣
׷ʱʥͻֳı壬Ҳһֻ޴롣
׵һηʥıͷųһöͷȥ۲״ֻͷһ͸ܵһɼѪ֮
Ѫ֮Уž޴ϢϢɱ׸æջͷҲ̽
Ϊһ׶֮ĻضᱻȵϢϣҲѪȷʵӰ졣
λϢǿᵽز㲻Ҳȥֲ֪̽õôҾԻɱʥλҲԲĶ֣ԭλʥλ
֮ǰеʱ򣬲Ϊλʥλǿ϶٣ΪһֱϢ״̬ϲ˵Իһֺжĸо׶ӡࡣ
ȻҲǶ׶ԣʥ߿״̬ðзǳûаǷŵУӶ
׵籾ͬ˿ķ桢ҲͲ֮ͬǰһλʥߵĺѡ
ڿĻλɲô򵥵ġ
λ岻ͬŷǿΪϣڻصԼ֮󣬶չ
Ȼÿ·һʱǸȺͶҪȫݣȻͣĸߺʥ
ʥҲǷǳ⡣
ȵɹü֮ʥͻȻڶ˵ףȻŵģҴһʼΪŵģϾ겨Ĵ㲻Ǵʶ״̬
ʥ׸Ӧ״̬ʱͷ׵겨˱仯˲׿ŵġ
ǰٷְٵȷǲ̽Եһ䡣
ײ֪ʥ̽ϾղʥѾ׸еǿˣҲûбҪȥ
ŵģеĶԻʥԻ
ǣһεֻǴݵʥĸ֪Χ֮ڣûдݵʥ֮С
ô˵ʥҲλĴڣλǿȲ֪Ҫ׵ǿ϶ٱȻıʲףڸߴʮٱǿǰ޷ֱӰݵԷ֮С
Ȼʥʶɨһ׵壬Ȼ˵ǵĻҲνΪѾעҪˣѾ׷㣬칬Ҳûг֣ʱѾˡ
ʥνĶ˵һ䣬뷨Ҳȷʵ
ҵʱûпʼҲעɱҡ׵ĻӦһ䡣
һӰ˵ⷬʱ򣬾ûôǿˣֻһİնѡ
һİգ׵ϸԪѾ϶Ϊһˣڻûг׵ںϣҲںʮ֮һѡ
ںʮ֮һ׵ɴﵽ˿ʥλɻĵز
ףزͲñκνˣһصǵʥ֮ҾͻʶǵֶΡʥ˵һ䣬Ȼʹ׼ʥء
ʥΪɽɽصĺĵش
˵λñȽԶʥĴ֮£ǻֻ˲һʱ䣬ɽϿա
ڷһ죬нۿɽľ֪Ѿִɽˡ
ʥأɽ벻õʥΪ˰ҴȻҲҪʹһʱ䣬Ѳλֻ𣿡׿ɽ̲סĶʥһ䡣
ߣҵĴ㣬ϾţܹɱǵʥߣҶҪС塣ʥ׽һ䡣
ͨôʥôʥֻѡҪôֱӰѶԷҪôö͡
ףôͲͬˡ
ʥѾ׶λǿĵˣ𾴣ͬʱҲ뱻׿
ӵλʥʵֱհ˲ɽ֮ڣʥеɻ칬λ칬λڿռѷ֮а׾ߡ
Ͼڿռѷ֮£ʥҪѴ󲿷ֵԼԼ󲿷ֵ־λɽλá
Ϊ˲칬ʥץ϶ô֮ѡ÷еķʽɽ칬λӪףҲôɵİ׶ߡ
ʥĻ֮󣬾ǵĹ˼ɡ
ǣ΢Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ԭ㻹칬ϧ칬Ĵڲܹģµʱ֮彫һ޴ѡ񡣡
׵ļƻֻҪ칬׳֮ͻᷢ췭ظı仯ʱʱᵽҲپ޴ѡ
ǰײϡ
ףϰ칬͸¶һЩǣôһʱ䡣
ʥҲǳɻ칬Ҳܻ֮֮˭Ҳ֪칬ѾʼƵˣ칬
칬Ϊӵһ壬һͱ֤ʵˣΣգʥΪüʱȡһЩ칬ϢҲֵõġ
ѾƿϣϾҪʲôʱ׾ͻʲôʱһһûʲô
ɶ칬ϢһεĻ֪ʲôʱܹ֪
ԭˣǴȡ칬Ϣ׵֮һЦ·뵽ʲô顣
ȻʥܿʥȻˣΪоӦƣô˵ڶѾʥأƵʥ֮УʥΪܹʲô˻
ô㲻Ը𣿡ʥ׷һ䣬˵ʵһϣܹͬףΪϸһ£Ȼ칬в˵Ҫ֮
УʥԷǳĿ϶ֻҪ״ӦףôʥҲᷴԣΪ칬˽˶١
㲻öˣ칬޿ɷ棬ֻҪ׵칬֮ʱ綼Ҫ칬ҲΪЩ鸶صĴۡ׵˵һ䣬Ȼɢȥ֮塣


269 ػ
칬鶼ǼΪغҪģ˵ΪҲǩԲܹ˵칬ڲϢûǩԼҲ칬˵ġ
Ͼ칬˵ĸоһǳǿ֯ڲӵжĿҲ˸󲻵ġ
ʵϣ칬СĿʧȥ֮һ칬Ϣ͸ӵĲܱ֪ˡ
ףĻᣬ㲻ѡ칬Ϣǽôͻ׹ܵظʥвһ䡣
ϧв˵һöûС
ʥһΣ׼ʥżǿŻɱԼǱû̵ô
Ŷ㻹ʲôʸҵĴģʥмһЦȻ׵Ҳûа׵ǵһ߶ȡ
ˣʥҲΪֻҪĻױض
Ȼ˵ţôҾ͸ҽ첻עʮ㲻ܹڶҡ˼һ֮󣬾ôһ
ʮǵ֪رɱûֱһ£߸ʱ䣬ΪĻԷῼǣ
ʮĻΪڶԷĿǷΧ֮ڵġ
ףѾ֪˷ӡסľᾧԸķֻҪǿȡôͻᱩ¶ǵǰʱֿʱյı£ҲҵߡʥûֱӴӦףǱŷ̽һס
ʵȻȷӡסľνᾧҲԼпʱ򣬱ϾֽᾧûмҲû˵Ūһ̶Ⱥᷢı仯
ļأŨһ̶ȺͻữΪˮΣΪˮ
ˮҲеȼģͨŨȻмˮǾѹĴڣˮһοԵֵΣͬʱһҲǳأһʿٲ
ڸ߼һˮطγɵˮˮӵԣǷǳĺֻǿȻγɵĻĵΣҲҪƵݲܹɣ¾꺮ĴڣֿƷ
Ūᾧֱ仯ûгֹ
֮ǽƻĺܣ֮ǷҲ֮뷨
ǣȻԷ֮ɽ֮УôҲа취Ը
ֻǶ֮һЦʮ׵ֳ֮ȻͬĶſſ졣
ãҪҸģҲ˵żǿš֮˲׵뷨
ֻȻ뵽Ҫʲôȴ֯ˣ׵Ҳ˲䴫ɽ
֮ӡסľᾧⲻͨᾧҴڽ֮޷ȥҵķ֪Ϊһ֮㣬Ƿע
ǷҶģ򵥵ĸ֣һʱɽڵ嶼С
ʲô˵˭
쿴칬гһӰϤӰӦ
壬꣬ȻҪǵʥԶģĪǡ
ɽΪ׵Ļһʱ䶼׷̧ͷգǺܿ뵽׵ʵݡ
ףף֮ǰĻֻ벻ǵʥѾץˡһڵ룬ڴ׵֡
ףף
Ȼǿģ˵ΪθղʥͻȻ׷뿪ȻЦݵķأԭץס
ˣսͽˣڲڸȺֱɵĴһսˡ
ص˵ǵڿҲˡ
岻ˣҲˣֻǿ塣
Щڿ׳֮󣬸Ե÷ǳ˷ܡ
˷ֿܹʼ׸ղŸʥνĴʲô˼
Ϸ˸߲ҵЩʱʥɫȴǲôÿ
ףĺţȻҲʹСֶˡʥĶ˵һ䣬Լ·嶼Ļ
׾ͲͬˣҪʥԶģǾͳû˵ʥҸҶԶĵĻǾˡ
򵥵һ䣬ȴ·嶼֣ͣȻ󾲾ĵȴʥĻش
֮˵ʥϵĴڣҲֻһСѣǶϣʥױȶ
Ҳɵ֪пױץסˣʲôƣûгʥӦףֻǵȴʥԼѡѡ
ʥȻǲԸӦˣҲԸⱻ·忴飬ϾҲǷǳҪӵġ
ףҾ͸һΣɱĻôʮ֮Ҷñİ취ɱ㡣ʥջѡ׶Զġ
һ˵꣬˲״칬֮ȥ
״ڵλûǱȽϸߵģ֮ʱͰɽĵٳЩѺۡ
Ȼ󣬾ֻʥϷһ壬žǾ޴צһץ׵֮ϡ
䣡
һ׵ֱӱ뵽˵ص֮Уӡ龧ȴһѺ۶ûС
һץȻһ˺ûܵܵһЩӰ죬Ȼⲻͨ塣ʥһ˼龧״̬һֽ˳
ղһʵ飬ʥѾȷʵеԴˣ˵̫Сˡ
Ȼҵ޷ƿ龧һ壬һóɺֻҪʥйôض԰Щ龧ڵͳͳյʥ۲һ׵״̬Ͷ廰һ䡣
ͬʱкܶɽϵ׷׳˹ǶʥĤݣȻͼĿףʱʱмҪŻɱס
ֻϧʥƲ龧һҲû˿Ч
ףڿ龧ķǿ֮Ҳһ
õ編龧Ȼͬ죬λĴҲ뺳ķ־ڵ£˵һλˣǽеλһ֣ͬʱӦö޷вЩĹ󣬾˵龧֮ôǿԭ
ԭΪϸԪ״д󣬶ԾһµĽʽ־ͱ˹
־ϢҲϤˣϾ֮ǰйνӴڵһд硷ʱ־壬ȷ˿־ʹ龧֮Уʱʱ̼̿ı仯ͬʱҲڱ


270 
ػǷǳȫģҲΪ־ļӳ֣ܹ̬۳Ϊ塣
ûǴҺģֻǾ廯˱ʵı仯ýᾧȻǳļ̣رء
ʥǵһμľ壬֪жǿҲ֪ʲô
ϾҪΪҺĻôҲҪꡢʮѣĻ㹻ʱҲܹɹΪҪתΪĻһ㹻ǿ־סǡ
ּ־λҲܹ绹ûгֹ龧
ףǿǱֻͨҪ

ʥܵ׵ĳ֮жҲһƣ˵һʥλ
ǣʥĻû˵꣬һŭ𴫵ݵ˵Ķ֮С
һŭĴܿһӰλõϷ˳Ӱ̧ͷȥͻᷢһֻ޴Ļɫɿų򣬱ڿзе״̬
٣һ峤ֻҪĻ׵ķͿƵʥɫһϲͰݸ峤
峤ʵ֪˿ܻõҲûлΪΣֱı֣ҵʥֱ֮Ӷŵһ뵽Ĵ֮УȻһȥ
һıͨɣһ궼ǳǿᣬǲ࣬ﶼɣǺˮ桢쫷綼ɣ˱׵龧һ˵ֻһζĸ㡣ʥױȥ֮ǼΪ˵ġ
Ȼӵϣȥ
˵Ļܻ칬Ͼ칬֪֯ǲһʼʹ塣
칬壬Ҳӵһλ˼칬Ϊ鷳ҲԼԿ
֮⣬ʥ֪һ˼飬ǾʥҲ칬Ϊ˼ɣʥУʥǰС
аʥ֮λݸ˶ʥлĵһɣֻʥвʥ
ϰеĻ칬λĴô˵ǻλľѻȻ칬ֳֻλѡ
׵ˣֻҪʥΪѾˣ㲻ĻҲϹ̫ʱ䡣
˾һ˼칬֮飬һ߻صĶ֮С
岻ͬ࣬ϲںΰĹͻ԰ȵطסϲľǶǵĶõĲĹ١
ʱܿ͹ȥʥȴûκεĻ֮ҲûκεĲҽ֮ûиӦط춯
ʥλǲܹ˺ʥλ壬ҪǱƳȻֱʥɵĻҲض
ĺǷҵĽԼı仯ͬʱܵطĳͷ
ôʱ涼ûκƶôֻܹ˵һ⡣
ûƳ׵ķʲô˰ɣʥģϸһ룬峤ϾҲǷǳлΪλĴڣԻηͬھ
뷨ʥܿʹĶ˳
峤Ϊʲô׻ûʥصĿϷʳеʡ
ػ̫ǿˣȫȥ߶ͨûа취Щ龧ճһ˿һͺһ޴סЩʶһ㣬Ҳûа취˶峤˵һ¡
ȷʵͬھΪɻôֻϧһξûãΪԴ־ػ
˼ǣһǿػףԼʥ˼оⲻܡ
ǹΪǿᣬҲΣҪǵȷʵڡε˵š
ΪʥλҲԼĽοһҲǰ壬һûκλֵףȴûκεİ취һ˵ȷʵǳ󣬶һǶ
ɣڼһ׵״֮ǰСˣ칬ڰаҲ˵ʥҲƣ֮ǰôҪԼԶĵʱ򣬾֪һʲô⡣
ʧ֮׹ȻǶ龧ķǳġ
һ뵽ʮޣҲ龧Ҳ޵еģԾа취Ȼײȥʱ䡣
ˣʥȻеƣҲڸе鷳
飡
͵ʥ˿ʱʥѾ׵˳
龧ػɿͬһһ㣬޵θҺһûб׵ġ񡯿ȥǸɾ
ԽԽСˣ겨ҲԽԽСˡ֮жϸڵı仯˽⣬Ȼֻǹ˰ʱ䣬Ƿ׵ı仯
׵Щ仯ʥ΢˼Ƭ̣ȻͶ˵ûв´ĻڵȴԼĽһɹ㽫ַ츲صı仯仯Լʵ֮ڣҲܹȥ˵Ķף
˵ʥһ䣬ȷʵǳ϶
¶ˣ칬ڶҽһʵ飬һɹҵͻɱȻɸԶа뿪塣׵֮ٶԻȻشʥ⡣
׻شĻ֮УʵȫºͣҲ˵⻰٣һоͿʥôȥˡ
ȻˣЩ龧칬ģǵ֪ʶȻǳǿ󣬲Ҳʥ֮ɫһȻʱתΪΣҶһץ
˻˻
ʥһץ֮£ռȻƾճĦ֮
Ħ֮ûãдĻ𻨳Ƭռ档
¡¡
һ֣ɽҲͲеɽڵ壬ҲԼͬĹ˵ϣԲͣĺʲô
ͻȻֵı仯龧ڵҲ
ôƣʵ龧ڵңܵһ˿΢ȣҲ˵¶Ѿﵽһزжƾ˻档аԸ̾һ䡣
ղڸܵʥĶ󣬾ͰԼ˻
˵ֻһöһƶѣҲԼˡ
ĿѾԶΣվ棬׵Ȼڰͷųȥˡ
ϣƣǱ渲ǹȥȼյҲûκΣ


271 ʥǹ
ʥϾλǴͷȫôض춯صơ
УǴ޷״̬ʥ㹻ʱȥȻһӱ
Ҫʱģһ´ʱԽĹԽǿֻսʱ򣬵˻ٸ财ʱ䣬Ψ֮£Ż
ڵͺ⣬׵ǳСõǿķʥʥŴԳ֡
ʥϾλĴڣȻʥЭԼҲ֪һԼɱףôضᱻ׵˷ɱҲûдɱףֻǴƻ׵ķѡ
Щ龧Ȼ޷ôҾֱӽƻʥһ߼ץʲôһߴһ
һŭ֮£ܿһɫɵľ޴ǹʥ֮ȡ˳
Ȼʥ鿴ǴаóģʵʥռֶΣһռٻǹ
ףʥλʲôڱɱ˼ʥ֮ҲΪֶβˣʵ֪жǿ֪ʥжǿ
ʥ֮󣬳ǹҲڱ׵ٻ
ʥʥǹ
ʥ˵ʥǹ֮龧ڵ׾͸оΧ¶ȶʱ˼ȡ
֮ǰֻǸܵһ˿ı仯ѣ˲˼ȣ͵ڵĻ֮Ҫ֮ǰĻ֮ǿʮ
֮ı仯Ҳ̲סľ
ʥҪ˵ǿɱ֮鱦ҾȻһˡ׵Ϊһ˫ε˫ۣصĿı仯
ȷʵͬʥ˵ǰ㣬Ϊɱ˺ܶʥʥӶĴɱû䣬˾һĹҲ˵ĸоʥͻȻٻıһʱ仹ΪԼİȫе㵣ġ
ڣʼϵĸĸ׼
ĸ׵ߣҲ֪֪ܹܲʥߡ
ĸûлӦףֻǼ龧֮ڣȴʥĹ
ʥϣһҾǿ߶ʥǹɣ
ʥһɽе嶼æػסԼ壬ֹʥǹ˵
Уʱ̧ͷյĻͻᷢϵƲѾʧˣȡ֮ڵ档
նյˣֲǹֽнʥǹԭǳ־ͻ޴Ļ棬ǿ̶԰ȼյһ޴ɽ壬ʥǹڵϷƲʶܲס˾޴
Ȼյı仯֪˵ķֻȼյƲʶѣʵҪһĻѧʿʥԡ
ǴѧʿҪôҪȥΪ֮ʥֻǽʥǹóͳɴ˿ɼǹжôǿᡣ
ʥǹټʥȫǿһλҲԳܣȴûеѡΪ޷ƶԼ壬ֻܹȴĵ
Ȼ޷ȥʥǹĹ־ȴͬˡ
ʥʱ־Ҳо׵ΣϾ־׵ı仯ĿľҪȴϸԪ곹ںϺݻ̬
ʥǰɱĻô־֪պ᲻ٳܹΪԪĴˣ־׵
ˣ
־ܵ׵Σ֮󣬶ʱɢһ
ĸ֮£ɽ˲׾£
ڳְףʥȻΪ׼Ҳûʱ۲Χı仯
ⲻ־ʼʥ͸ܵΧı仯
е׵߾£ǹȥ֮ͻ뵽龧֮УԴ龧ǿȺͺȡʥı仯֮жʱһ
ԼĹǷǳŵģ˰ǾͲͬˣҪʥȻ֪˭ڰףԸܵղŵ־жôǿᡣ
ֻǴһ־ѣ־Ȼ˲ɽһҺ޲֮£˿ֲ־ѾԶԶԽλǸһλѲ־˾ǾŮ칬֮ʥԥˣĹ˼Ъ
ʵҲ֮УϾʥûа취ͨд鼮ͨط򣬸ûдӶõĽ֪־ʲôӡ
ˣ־֮֮һʱͰ칬ֵ־ǿ־ҪǱӵУô϶Զʥ
һʱʥе㲻ˣΪԷȻҪףǿнĻôҪƿ˷ȻҸɱף֪Է᲻ֱ
ԷҪǲĻãһҪǶԷһŭ֮ǣ壬ôҪˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôôǿ־֣ѲעҪעҪҵ𣿡ʥ뵽ֺ֮ͷʱ쳣
ʥǹķŭǹĻҲԽʢ
ʥķŭﵽһز֮ͻȻ侲
սʱΪɻľǷŭͳ嶯ʱԽΣյľ棬ôԽ侲˾Խܹȹ
ͺñʥ侲֮һʱ뵽һֿܡ
ȵȣǸ־ҪǿԳֵĻ϶Ͱ׸ˣҲ˵Էܹ磬ֻ߱ĳһطֻܹݳȻԶԷʵԣҪֻǰ׷ѡ
뵽֮ʥԽԽԺܴ󣬵Ͼȷˡ
ҶˣͷھŮ칬֮ģҲûа취ֻǵһӣǱӡҪ׵ְǴ򿪷ӡ
ʥԲǿ칬˵ӡһǳĽ͡
֮вٷŭ˼š
ֲ칬Ȼһֱ֧ףÿΣյʱ򣬲ǰףǰ鼮ףȴûְףԭһжΪ칬֮;ŮǱĳһطǶǳһûķѡʥȷ뷨ĹҲٶȻָ۷״̬
ףѾ֪ܣҲ֪칬ܡ
ָźʥǳˣͬʱԼҲһ֣Ȼֻһ֣Ҳżǿ


272 缶
ױڸ־ĲǿԣʥĴЦ֮󣬶ʱͰעŵʥϡ
֪Һ칬ܣɻĹ۲쿴һʥ飬Ȼַǳ϶뵽ⲻܣ
׾ٱ칬ܺԼҲǷǳŵģȷʥ뵽ʲôԲܡ
ܿǴûи߹κһˣº鶼֪ܣΪǲܹ˵ġ
ʥȻҲ֪µʲô뷨϶ǴġУҵµĶעҲضʧܶա
׵Ļشһ䣬ͼȴʥĹ
ʵʥĹĺǿǿ״״̬ĻôನĹ԰׸ɱˡ
ֻϧ־ػ׶ԼķǺŵġ
һʥûм׶Իǿʼеĳǹ׼ףԴ˱ʾĹϾͻ׼ϡ
ʱȷʵһʥ벻־ΪķʲôҴԽ֮ŵĻҲΪӡסֻǵ龧ѾȷıʣȷԴ
֮ԶԷǳţһȻΪ־ػξ־Ϊ龧
龧Ȼ֮ǰһ۳ľѣ־ػ龧һЩ˼ı仯
Щ仯龧ͨĽᾧΪıݣȻֻͲεıݣֻܹǰƷҲһķ
ݾӰıݣı缶Ĵڣһ־ĻȻ޷۳ǰƷҲĳ߼ˡ
ķײΪ䡣
ˣף
ʥ֪룬Լ֮մһͽעʥǹ֮ڣȻʥǹ׼״ȥ

ʥǹһ˲䣬ɽڵл˰˰ȫۼʥǹǹ֮ڣһΧֱʧɽҲָֻƽ
ЩȻѾǹ֮ڡ
ǹ֮ʱҲ֮ǰ糺֮ɫ仯Ϊ˺ں֮ɫǹϵĻҲ뵽ڲ֮С
״̬ʥǹй״̬
Уʥͷųı仯˵ǳ֮࣬ʵҲֻһ˲顣
Щ仯֮ʥǹǹҲһӵڷӡס׵龧棬Ӧ˵ǵ˷ӡס׵档

缶ķʥǹĹҲǷһײ
֮⣬Ҳûκεƻ󴫵ݳ֮ǰЩ춯صľ޼Ѱ
һжͬûзһΨ仯ľʥ˿̻ΪΣֳʥǹǹ׵֮ϡ
ǡʥΪ֮Ҳڳ˾ȵ顣
ϸ۲ĻᷢаŵĲʣԼš
ݵʧ֮ʥŶصʵΪʲô˿𣿡
ʵʥһʼ˻ʧܵ׼ʧܵ˳ףһ仯ûУʥ޷ˡ
ûڳסʥȫһһı仯ûУһгʥ仯λ֮⣬Ķͬûзһ㡣
Ľ˵ʥƻκһʥ޷ܡ
˿𡣡
ûлشʥ⣬Ѿ뵽ػԼݣҲû˵
ǣаֳ֮Ȼǹĵطһ㡣
꣡
׵һ㣬ʱһʮƳݵ棬Ҳͽˡ
ƵĴСһ֮󣬶Ҹղͷŵȫһ𣿡ʥݵѺۣɵ뵽Ȼ׽ľٶ
һж֪칬ػ㣬Ҳ֪ҲķԲŻĵİͳȻǩƽЭ顣ʥһжżȻΪһж׸ƺ˵ġ
УػϣȻͻúܴͬʱҲд鼮Ļлߡʥ뵽֮ǰЩ
ˣʮһҪֻҪʮ֮ǲɱʾͻӡ
һʱ䣬ʥ׵ƣ·֮ǰ˵ÿһ仰ÿһ¶ƣȫȫİŪڹ֮䡣
ʵϲˣػԼȻȵ뿪׵ƣݵķǿᣬһʼĲ֪
ʮ첻ܶԼԼʵҲ˵˺ʥ᲻ԼԶĵԵʣֻһĻȷʵһһһĸо˷ֲĸĸǼ١
ʥҵִɣȻе峼칬ô֮ʱУǵ³̫ҡ׼ʥֳ˶ҡ㿪ڴһ뷨
ѵõĻᣬ׾֪ʥԲܻ᳼칬ҲҪʥһӡ
칬
ʥ૵˵׵ĻȻͻȻһ΢ŭ칬ĴȻ峼ֻ峼Ļ칬ʥֵĻпܰ쵽칬ȴӴҲ˵칬Ŀ겻壬壬ǡ
ʥ˵֮ͻȻоѾʶǸ硣
ʥʶ磬ΪսһǳǿȻʹ֣Դȶϵ硣
Ȼ໥ݵʱȴѾһ֯ʼΪıˡ
֯ĳԱأҷǳǿͬʱźܶܣ˿ֲ֯ΪʥǰȻһ㶼֪ʵ̫ˡ
칬ΪΪ룬ľ޷칬뷨κ칬İʯᱻǽ顣ûԼ뷨״̬֮£Ȼᱩ¶칬ĿģΪ칬鷳
ڰЩ¶ͻΪһ
Ȼ˵֮ʥüѵıջеʥǹ
ԭೢԼιܲһİϸģ׵ЩԼ칬Ĳ²⣬ѾصӰ쵽ľ
ľ֮£ʥҪЩ飬Ǽ
УʥҲԼĽҲǲԸģȻǸȷѡ񣬵ɲٶȳ֡


273 
ʥͲָ֣һȥҪɣʥͰʥǹ´뵽֮С
ֽ֮һǰ׵뵽һ֮УҪʱʱףһҲܹ뿪
ʥΪɽˣӵеĶֹһټ׵к⣬Żᰲ׽뵽һ֮С
ʥѼ׵齻֮Ϳʼټʥλʼ칬ٿһ۴ᡣ
Ȼö֪ҪĽ춼Ѿõˡ
Ȼδ֪ĴڣλõʱɻᱻҺƵתɴ˿ɼ֪ʶȻҲһǿ
׷ǳԼһεĻʤͬʱȡʮʱ䣬Ŀɲ־ϣֻǶʥϵĴ̼ҲǷǳҪġ
ûЩϵĴ̼û֮ǰıȴģôʥȫټеʥ߲ͣ׿ըǻĻΣա
ϾղʥѾչֳǿʥĹ֮£ҲѺۣȻѺۺСһֱһ㲻ͣĹôܹȡ
ҲǷǳģΪڳѺ֮ܿ͸ܵ־ֿʼӴΧȡȻѺ۽޲
޲ٶȲҲ׵ƣʥѺ۶ҲǰСʱͿԻָ
һݵĻָҲǷǳѸٵġ
һжڰҵƽУҪľǽһںϸԪֻҪϸԪһɣҵľͿԼдǿ鼮Ȼû뿪˼һ½ļƻ漴ͲϹ뿪ʼȴںϡ
ϸԪʱ׵ͼҲڷ״̬Ҳܹȥ飬Ҳܹ뵽˯֮Уֻܹһֱѵ״̬Ȼ۲ɽ״

䣬ܿʱ͹ȥˡ
ʱʥŵԣûԸףԼҲûйһۡ
⼸ʱ棬һֱһڼס
ǵҲǳ򵥣ֻǶײ˾߼ɣ׵״̬ҲóԺȣǷǳɡ
֮⣬ǰ׻ܵһǿϢǸϢ׺Ϥʥ
ʥĵȻΪףʬ׵ģϧǡиʥ˶Լ˫϶˲죬ʥûг׵ǰ
ͨһ㣬ײµӦʥĳִۣʥѡȥ
ʲôҲȥ룬Ϊʥ֪֮Ϣ
ֹܿȥ졣
ʱԸоԼ˺֮ܶ࣬뿪ʥĶϵĳɹˡ
ʥĶżǿķҵһֺ󣬾Ȼӵ˴Խַڳ֮󣬾ϲĿһС
Ϊ֮ԳĻʹѾǿᵽһĵز
ҪǣһĻ׾Ϳ̽һɽ
Ҫ֪ͬ꣬ĲǷǳСģλĴһҲֲĲͬԿϸһ㡣
ֵķΧҪҵļǶ١
һˣױ㿪ʼɢԼ
ʥĶܴƽң׵͸˸֮ۡ󣬺ܿɢǧ׵ķΧ
ֱ׵ɢһǧٶ֮ͻȻһ٣ȻҲ޷ˡ
һǧңһʥۡķ֮£ôǸҵҪﵽǧ׵ĸǷΧ
˷Χ֮󣬾ͶԼһŵ˽⡣
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һо֮ŪЩֻŪʹ÷ͷʹһĻȻ״Ч֮ܰͶӰκһطʵҲǳľ
ľģϸʹеСͨûжĲࡣ
Ҫǣ״̬Ҫȫȫ⣬Ҳ˵״̬ܹڵȻͻʧ
֮ȻҲһ׶ˣǾû˿ֻܹ˽޷˵
ˣһЩĵطԼ֮У֮廹ŷǳЧ
ھˣҵ֮Ȼܹǵ˶ǧ׵ķΧʥĶǷԲǧڣûκһ˽Կ
׵һֱעΧ⼸ʱ棬ػԼ֮⣬κһ嶼ûм
ٹһʮ֮Լʱ򣬶ҵϸԪŸոں˰ٷ֮ʮҷںϵٶҲʼԽԽˡ˵֮Упȥʱ䡣
׻ʮһЩ飬ϧΪĵط̫⣬ܹʥĶҲûκá
ʮҲܿ쵽ˣֻҪһô׾ҪӭĹпĺϻ
Ͼһθ֮ĴۣͬʱеʥλǩԼȻϣܹӹһ١
Ȳ˵ӹһٵĻպα壬͹淢ĻôɨأպҲΪһЦ
ˣԲܼôˡ
ҹˣһȣĽѣܹĽôڰҵļƻɵļʿߣݲܹסĻ
뵽֮׵Ҳе͡
֮ǰ־˵Լ϶뿪ҲҲûоԵ飬ڸܵʥ֮ͰԼļʴӾųɸɡ
һʼ֮԰ӳȥļʶھųɣһΪʱ򲢲λжǿһ׵ʱʥ©ˡ
ʥһǿͲһλǵλĴӵʥ֮ʱλ԰ʥӳ
ļϣɲһһڶô򵥡
ͨһ㣬ҲΪʲôλðô˼ɣĺԺսѡԼ
ϣһܹԤƵķչϾı˳죬ѾһĶˣм仹ֲתıʣôҲֻܹ˵ˡײһˣ鵽زѾ޷Ȩˡ
׾һпȻ֮ʱͻȻһӰ֮ڣ⻹һϤӰһѾֻҪһ۾ܹӰ


274 
Ӱˣʵкܳһʱûмˣ׶˿ûм٣·췢һ
ԭ壬ֲһֵôͬʱҲһͨ벻Ȼ壬һǿ塣
׿ǸԽԽӰ̲ס뵽˵һʱ龰
ǵһ׵һϺһʹƣҲһױһѿǿȵӣΪΡ
벻ʥػܿѣֻѵǿҲѣΪʸ뵽׿ɫӰһʱҲ֪òøһк

ɽǰ
һĹǰţ󣬻һһŮûΪԵ¡
µҲŵɴ˿ɼҲ壬ֻݵ⣬ǲŻΪػİȫ
ϣǰʥĸܹۡ˵׵Ļֻ׳һй칬Ϣù١
ϣʥǺĴѹԽԽˣΪ׵鱻ʥˣһܹɹĻҲʥͲǺһˡ
ߵ˶ǰ󣬶СԱ˵˷Ȱһ仰
ΪһľӢһ幫Ƕ֪йһν顣
ֻƽʱֹȥôãҪѡ
ǣȻ׵Ľܵͳ־ȹһΣ˵һΪ֮ǰµŵԣԲòȥףô˵Ҳס
ˣһŻѯ칬鱧һϣ
˵ϣǺܴ󣬵֮ϣġ
֪μжҪڵѾǵʶˣǾ͹鲻̫ӣϾ壬塣˵ʱҲʥĸۡǰ
ʥĸۡǵλȻǵõʥɣŸոߵĴŸǰʱһ䵽˴֮ϡ
֨ѽ
ûţܿһ֮
Ҳ֪Ƿ񻹼ǵ֡
Ŵſһۣ̾һȻ˽ȥ
ڱո߽ڵ˲䣬׵ʹ뵽Ժ֮УǱʱһֶٴμֵԤУֻû뵽ǻ
ף
׵ʱȵĿ˱ݷӡסס
һʼΪ׸Ľʽͨӷӡдݳģ˭׵ȴֱӴ͸ľȻ󴫵ݵԺ֮С
ң׻Ӧ˱һ䡣
ڱε˵ʶϢٻôһЩϰߡ
Ϊʶκһ˵Ƿǳĵطһʶ̫ǿĻôĨɱ˵ʶԿסˡ
ȷ׺󣬾֮ǰȻΪп˵ôʱ䲻벻Ȼǵҡ
֮ʱһֻһǵͨˣʱ־Ȼ𣬲ں𱰣ܹһһ˼ΪĺΣôܻǡ
ҲǸпһҹ˺ܶ飬Щ˵ΪҪǵҲǳ
ҲǻһεĳԵʱûбʾҵݣֻϧ޳벻ȴΪţͬʱҲΪĴСףе㱯ˡε˵ⷬ
ΪһĹҲһκļ̳ˣһʼȻӡһ飬ԸͱҲżλǿı仯
УԵһ仯ǱѾˡ
ҲûУҲУ֮δ鲻˵׵ûǰ˸У̫ˣɲǱġ
װ仰ݵʶк֮Ҳƾճ˱ǰȻöݵ㣬ӦóƺΪΪȷİɡ
־Ǳ׵һһһʼ֪ٶվ׵ǰʱƾǿ֪֮һС
ô˵Ҳֻһ壬仯ΪԣϢ˽£Ҳƭ׵ĸ֪
㷢ˣɻһ䣬ûԼݣֻǴݸ׽̸ġ
˭֪û˵仰ͱ˵壬Ҳ˵˻Ǳ֮顣
һĻ֮ǰõĻȫòˡ
һ̣ҾѾ֪еֲõǾ㿴ܹ֣ԭȻ֡һδݵУǵϲ
ϲȻ뵽һε飬׻е㻳ʱ龰
ǴһЩĿ֪ǹǳƺΪ֪ʵƺʲô׵ڶ֪֣˳һ䡣
ֶܼ򵥣ӵĲ֣壬ԱҲܼ򵥡
ûʽ֣ΪĹϵһͬ鶼ҽ֮ǰҲиԼһ֣ߺעҪ̳кƺŵģֶ˵û塣ε˵ϰߡ
Ϊ壬ΪעҪΪһ֮壬ֻسһЩüǵ֣Ȼȵ̳Ϊ֮ڼʹúȵȳƺš
ʥʥĳƺҪԶƺžͲἰ
ĳһʥôͻƺƺ
ϰס
˵ĻҿԹ𣿡׵ȱ˵꣬ѯһ⡣
Ȼԡͷ˵ʵܹôĸ˵ʹóǵĳƺñǸˡ
ˣΪܹ˵ϻҪа׵ѣǴ뿪֪֮ٴл뵽ס
ԸǴ棬ͲҪͽˡ״ױԼԵɣûеȱڣͶȷȰһ䡣
ҡڸеıôһ˵ȻæҪһ䡣
ϧȴĻ˵ⷽܿͻᷢ棬˾ע˵֮ݣ϶ΪһҲ޷ı伴飬ǺһҪǵĺ֮
׶Ժһ屾ûʲôȲ˵һͳźһЩһֱ֮׾ͲȥҺһ鷳
ˣŻ顣


275 ״̬ʥ
׸ȷʵ֪һڵԲŻô˵
֮ǰɽϷķۣ˺ʥվһΪѾͶʥ
ڣײµԼȡ칬ϢΪúһø档
֮ô벢˼벻ãǴĿǣ˭᱾ܵôȥ롣
ֻϧûгִףһˡ
ףĽǺܣǺһ屾Ͳ뵽ս֮УֻʥǿƲܹģҵġ˵ʱͻȻһЩʡ
ʵû׻е˼ԻΪ׾ڸһıߡ
׾ͲͬˣĻűı飬ʱԼ׼Ǿָæһ䡣
飬Լʱ䣬ΪģôˡΪ仰Ҳó
Ǻˣ뵽׾һ䣬Ȼȷһڵ״
ʥʼ׷ǰ飬ܵʥĳͷӡͬʱˣҲŻ㲻ҵĻͻ˵Դ׵Եɡ
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Ҫ֪λʱʥλǿĴڣʥΪλĺȴֻһʥλʥҪŰɱһǳ򵥵顣
ʵִλ֮󣬲ҪʥλִѧʿʹѧʿֻԶż𼶵
־ûλĴǰ֮һǿߣλһʥλĴڶʱʧȥ֮
ټһѪ֮˿壬кҲܹߣΪʥǣһ壬ԵʥĹ󣬾ֻܹǰ
ķʥǰȴԵ˲һ˲ͱʥˡ
Ǳһѣøй׵ıǰȡ칬ϢǺѾʥɱȻѡһȥµĺ
úһһʼǳķУʱƣһͻʥ׳ƳƾԼҪΪʥĹߡ
ϾʥҲ˽ĵģǺһôǿض취һԼϡ
֮ǰʥȥΪû̫õĽڣɱ׵£֮ǰһͳΪõĽڡ
һѾʥƵ˾Ϊ˺һŻ𣿡׶ڱ˽ˣҪȷϡ
Ҫǣ֪˵Ļ͵͵Ȼʥˡ
˵Ѿܹ͵ˣΪʶû˿ֻҪ΢һ¾ͿԷ֡
Ǻһڵ״ǳѣ޷֪칬ϢôǺһ³
˵֮Ͳټ˵ȥˣΪ׿󵽺һĺҪеһΡ
׽뵽˶ݵĳĬ֮Уͬʱаһ˵ǳѺãҺһȹҵһûкһİҾˣҲܹԺһ״Ӳ
ȷԼ뷨֮ſɢʥ֪͵ֻ벻һõʥǿ֮һȻеıвһࡣ
׵һɢΧǳ㣬ڵ˶յ׵һ
Уг˳ñʱ¶˾ֵ飬Ϊó⻰ǶԼ˵ģûиоʥϢ
һ֮⣬Ҫ𾪵׸ʥ˵Լ׶ʥ̬ȡ
Ϊһı׶ʥ̬ȣģΪǸ̬̫ǿӲˣǿӲ˲ľͰ׵ʵʥλһ
ףȻҺ˳֤Ǵסһˣʥ׽е֮󣬱ֳΡ
һʥεķʽֵģһǺ֣ǴڻΧ֮¡
֮ǰ״ûмʥ״̬ΪΧǰ̫Ļ棬һǼˡ
ңʥ״̬׺Ǹеȡ
ԭʥȻһĸŮӣ⵹ǰһ׶崫һ
رҪɱʥ׵Ĭ̬֡
һ֣ǾǶԷ״̬Ӧһ뺷ˣһⱬ˵ҲͬһһԳܵѹ
ڶ֣ǾǶԷһ̬ͺñȰ״̬
ֻôҲû뵽ʥȻһֻĸ룬һ˵ĸ֡
ʥȻһֱҪԴ˻̬ײǵñŭϾŭŮܹӳ˼
ҵ̬ΪӦʲô̬ʥûż˵칬顣
ѾĶ֮ˣԹ칬ʲôʱ˵ԡ
ڣʥһ̬Իһһţ֪ôò
ܲŵ֮еĻкܶӵԸȢؼҡ׺ܿ͹۵һ䡣
𣬲ಢʵҲֻСĴڣŻںһֱ֮͵Ǹʥ˵
˵ʵʥǲںòֻ˵ѣȻôܹ˴Ȼָ塣
ǴģЩʱһƤңȷʵҲһʵͬҲʵһһҲӦһ䡣
ڵʱкܶ۹òҲʵһֵصȵȣ׶ЩҲϿɵģΪЩʱսȷʵ
ս֮У岻Ϊòˮ߱ɱʱͻ
Ϊ౾һ׷ǽû׷ô˵ԸŻŹ֡
ףòĻ͵ΪֹɣҽгӦòΪ˵һ顣ʥȻ׶òۣ߰ջѡˢһ飬ǾͰѻع졣
ðɣ׵ͷȻЩε˵ҿԸһЩ칬飬Щ鲢ҪģҲҪ㲻˺һ壬Ҳܹǿκε顣
װ˵˳


276 칬
ײԼ˵ôʥпܻһһεúһԼȡ鱨鷢һξ͹ˣ׿ɲڶΡ
ȻеڶΣô׾ǲһ壬һҲϾ˭֪һ֯϶ǩӦԼ
οڵ֯칬˫֯
ҴӦ㣬ҵϢǷܣ򲻽ĺҪҪΪıҪҳƤʥӦ׵һһ档
ǳ˼Ĺƶš
ô˵׸ĳҲǲɻˣ˭ʥȻвס
칬ĺܶûа취˵ģ칬ĳԱȴٷΧ֮ڣΪЩԱò˶þͻҪ֪Ļҿ԰ѳԱķŸ㡣˵ĳ롣
ʵһʼʥ˵Ҫʱ׶һ칬Ϣʱ׾ʹ칬ԱķȡһЩʱ䡣
ʥʲôǾܾʥ
ˣʱϢóҲʧΪǡô
칬ĳԱţе𣿡ʥһʼҲûб̫ϣ׵ĳȤ
о仰֪֪˰ս
Ȼû仰ƵĻԼ仰ĵǻǶ֪ġ
칬ΪصľǳԱˣĿǰѾ֪칬Աֻ칬֮ŮԼ׺ܻˡ
УܻżȻҲ칬ˣ˶ǵ칬ΧԱȻҲ۲ܻǴǱȡܻ鱨ȴΪܻ󶯸ɸꡣ
ֻ칬λﵽ𣬲ʸӡ
ֻܹ˵֪ȷЩ칬ȫԱϾǸ̫֯ˣҲûп칬ȫòε仰ݸʥ
仰Ȼǻԣ˵ĽǶϿǺģʥԲһѹ칬鱨ѡס
˵ɣֻҪԼ֪˵ҾʹӦŹһ塣ʥƬ̣ŵ
˫ĽףʵûκԣΪ׸ʥõĶǿͷϵԼԼһˣôһҲκβ˶Է
ϸһ룬˫һδйţһһʥǶѡű˴ˣȷ϶ԷΪ档
һ׵ʮֵɡ
ˣ칬ۡĸۡŮۡ´ۡޱۡ
װհ칬ķŶһһ˳Щźܶ࣬ԶԶ칬ӵеǾʲô˳
ټЩǳĻˣһʱʥҲסˡ
ۡۡĸŮȵȷһӦþ칬ۻھŮ棬Ҳ˵˵ʵҪȾŮǿˡʥݷŵλ϶ۺĸʵ
˵ŮλĻôۺĸȻҲӦλ
ֻһ㣬ô칬λڿɾͲǷһĸλ
ܣһң칬ôĸλĸλΪʲôҪ׵ѲĶϹʱڵĴڣӡĳһطȴ˵Ľ⣿ʥһʼΪ׻ƭϸһ룬־Щû⡣
ףЩ㶼𣿡ʥһǳ⡣
Щ˵ĻôҲ̫ģôһоֵˡ
Ҳʥ뷨Ҫġ
˵ЩҼģǺǿǳǿΪ￴űȽпŶȣ׵֮廹˵ͷ
ԭˡ
ôһ˵ʥ͸Բˣͬʱ칬Ĺ˼ҲǿˣѾ֮
ԭ칬в֮ӡôãѾʧȥԾһǱڵвҪв廹Ҫʱ䡣
ҲץˣвҲѾˡֻ칬Կв
ʥ˼תܿ뵽˹ؼ档
칬ȻĸλôҵڵλãҲ޷ɱǣΨܹľǼǴڱӡ״̬ǱӡĵصӦþǡ
ʥ˼ԽԽԶԺо͸ֳһϳֹΡ
ÿһζƾ޴顣
칬ԭһж칬ʥһ˵
˵ʱ򣬻ͻȻĴЦԭ칬λӡ칬棬칬ѾεϹֲЩʵΪǱʵģֻӡҪ֡⡣
ʥΪ뵽һУʱͬͷͨһ㣬оǳá
⼸Ϊ׵飬칬飬֮飬Ѿǳѹˡ
ΪһλĴڣʥһʼͻƵʱ򣬱ΪҲܹѵ˭Ϊλ֮󣬾ȻǴڱ֮С
ʥôһĶƲ칬顣Ҳһ㶣ʥ뷨ҲһܺõĽ͡
Ϊʥȷ뷨ǱֵЩȺȻּ˵֪ʲôã칬ʹֹˣ칬ػҲΣա
ŵʥȷ뷨
һһεĿˡ
ĿĺʥҲǳԾ׵ļҲûںתͷһ۱˵ܹܲҸס
˵֮ʥ뿪Ķ
ʥıöʹõĶǰ档
лʥ
ʥĻ֮ȻѾŹһˡ
лʥʱʥѾ뿪ˡ
ʥߺ󣬱׵֮һ֮˵лл㣬ס
ÿԴϴμҾѾ㵱ѡսǴΣҪֵ֪ĻȻҲ˵ôĻ΢ЦĻӦһ䡣
ϴμ֮ʱ׿һҪ붼оеЦ
ûʲôʵܹΪҲһѡ񡣡ҡҡͷȻ׿һ䡣
ĻȻǿȴĶ˼
ҵҲô칬˵飬칬ʱʱ򣬸ǺһΪλǷԸΪҵޣ׹ȻԱ
֮ǰһֱûʱȥ飬ڼȻ˵ϣҲһ˵˳


277 Ƽɽ
ȻڵСϾʳ˵壬ټԵôֻҪΪ׵ޣõ׵ӳ֣ʵضٳɳ
ҪǣкܲǰֻҪõĻպض׵һס֡
֮⣬칬ĽǶȥǣպ칬ĸˮ棬֮еͥô׾Ҫ˰󺣣ѡȻˡ
Ļô׿϶ںһ壬ʱֻҪбԼߣȻһȻɵĿƺ
ڵģ˵Ҳǳмֵ
ֻҪΪ׵ޣ͵ڰѺһװһˣպΣյĻһͻס
ҪǱĳΪ˺ôһҲ׵˵һûλպõ׵һЩʱҲλƾźһͨҲԸ칬һĿ֮ˣǿ֮ˡ
㻹ҵޣ
׵Ļ֮ɫʱЩ
֮ǰŸոձǾѵĻж˭֪׶ȥҪñޡ
˵ޣҸԶ԰ƺ顣֪еУ޵Ŀūȴͬ
֮ҪޣҪһֵĻ飬νūȻ޵ĵλūõȥ
УԸ˽ģееȣûʲôۣͬʱҲҪóԼҲкøС
ˣһΪ׵ޣ˶̫ĵִܹǳϡ
һῼһ£ϾĲԼһ塣׵˼׵иܵϡ
ȻҪĻǿ˵λ
ܵʥѹ֮󣬱Ѿ֪һλжôҪֻгΪλܹһ岻ᱻ衣
һλĴڣôᱻʥȵز
ȥɣϣһμʱܹϾ칬ʱ䲻ˣʱ򲻹ҲãҲãҲãҪԼѡ񡣡˵һ䣬漴ɢȥ֮塣
׳ɢȥ֮ǰߵߣȻıԴ
ûֱӴ壬Ĵ˱
ͬʱһʥܲݵ˱Ժ֮С
ʥʱҲڼףϾһ׵Ĺϵ̫ˣ±׽⣬Ծ㱾뿪ˣǿҲפš
ˣ׵һҲʥС
ǿֱ֮ǿˣתʵĵزȻСȷʵһزʥŵĿһС
ΪһλĴڣʥȻһܹΪʵжǿᣬΪΪʥλĴ
˵ҲһЩڲʥλʱ򣬾һ㣬̫ˣ׸һż鷢׵ϣ͵ڴˡסĳʶ
ˣ׵ϻᷢʲôı仯֮һΡʥעű뿪Ҳ͸пһ䣬ȻջԼ
뿪׾ûлڽӴ壬׾ˡ
ڵĶܿƽ

ʱţתۼ͵˵ڶ峿
һ죬ɽӭ˰ѵһʥᣬʥ᲻μӣҲвμӡ
ʥ⣬Ȼǻɱˡ
λףѾףֻ칬ûзףһһǿķ칬ԭܹϣϾķˣֻҪϣôвͻȥһʥ󣬾Ϳʼһ¡
ڹ֮ǰһҪ˵һй칬֮飬Ǿǡ
Ȼ˵һв׵ĺ֮ʥѾ칬ΪΣյĵˣ֮ǵڶ
˵칬֮ԭЩʥλԶżȵȣͶ¶һݡ
ʵһ壬ϣ뵽ս֮С
һЩ˵ĴڣϲսԽǻǾԽˣ󲿷ֵ廹ϲƽģΪսбʹ
ô˵ǲģÿһδսǶҪϢóһʱָܹ
һױǺòΪսҪˣ˭ֳһ칬֮
ˣ칬֮ȻҪעһ£ĿǰҪľɱסʥڽ֮󣬾ֶһץȻʥǹٻ˳
ڿʼҪϵĹףֱķΪֹ
ʥ´˹岢ûнΪʥҪȽ׵ȴһѺۣȻǶѺ۲Ϲ
ʥҪʱ׵֮Ҳֳˡ
һȻͿΧͬˮһ壬ײûΪԼİȫǣΪʮʱ棬ֱøǿˣ˵ûǿ̫࣬Ҳȷʵǿˡ
˽ᣬ׵ȻҪúõϷһˡ
ð׷ȻǾۼ˲ٵʥʥǵ̫Сˣȥ칬ҼӳֵķһֱһȺ
һ˵꣬ЩʥλʱҲʼ׼
ͷӲ⻹ķ񡣡
һţǿҲֻһ·ѡ
ķȥ֮ҶҪһѪ⡣
ף㲻ô򵥵ǻ㳢Ϊʹ̷
ʥλ׿˵Ҫ޾жޣϾײɱܶʥλͬʱҲʥλ˶Ѽҡ
ÿһ˶޲ðװƤʳ׵Ѫ⡣

ʥλ˵ЩʱʥĹҲڷˡ
һηĹͬʮǰһһεĽȴͬˣΪʥǹֻ֮һС㣬ԼѺ۶ѡ
һʱٻʮѺۣھȻֻһǷǳϸСҪͨ˵Ŀ⣬ֲˡ
⡭ɶ񣡡ʥԼȫһȻ֮ȡһջ֮ϵɫҲ÷ǳء
ʱǿ𣬹ֲҪʮ죬ԭΪʥһͻȻڸ״ˣ˵ʲôˡ
һԵʥݵԼʥ֮ȻҲ뵽˴֮С
Ͳûг೤ʱ䣬ϸҲ5ңʱ棬ոʥѺۣѾһָ˴롣


278 ͣĹ
ı仯ʥĸоʱˣôҲû뵽׵ķȻڶ̶̵ʮôߡ
׷ʲô飬ΪķôǿˣλʥԺʥвͣѯԼȴôҲ벻׷ʲô顣
һԵʥҲ̲סߵǰ
ʥ״̬ͣģŵĻһüǮ׿ʥ󣬱̲֮סĵЦһ䡣
ʥ״̬Ǹһһ߿ı׼󺺡
ҪǣʥƤǳڣڵǷҹĻһ˵۾Ƕ
֮⣬ʥ״̬ȥҲǳǿװһɢźļ⣬˿óըԵ
ʵҲˣʥԣһȭɽĵزͬʱҲܹܵʥҲǿҪʥǿ
ȻڵЦʥȴ̲סİʥۺǿ꣬Ҫʥǿϼ֣սĻʥԲʥĶ֣ǰҲʥĶֻ֣ϧ깥ֶαܵظķӡˣǲֶε֮սʥȷʵλΪСһ
ף֪ҪŭңȻöԸʥֶԸңҸһЩνĶעԴ˸ԼӮ㹻ʱ䣬ϧǲϵġʥǲףһע̫ˣҪӦһ䡣
仰ӦмɣֻҪ˵仰֮󣬴ͿԲˡ
Դ֪ʥöעֶΣȡʮʱʥ;׺󣬾ܵĲ˵
˵ʥҲܹ׵֮壬Ͼֻһ˵ʲôҴ׵֮壬ᱻµ޽⣬ΪԼ߳ŭʲôģʥҲûдס
ҸҴ𣬺ÿϧҲûʥֻ֮¶һϧ롣
ʥƳһףͻȻһɫĵâ
̣̣̣
ŵâĳ֣ܿΧһɾ޴׵粨
ЩķΧǹⷨն۳һƬ޴ơ
˼׵֮忴ȻʥҲҪԼˣ֮ص֮ڡ
ʥĴиʥһֻҪһƷǳľ޴󣬲ſԷһҵ˼Ҳò֮ջصС
ĻǴзǰĲ԰׵֮Ĩɱ
䣡䣡
׸ոհ֮ջصʱ򣬶ʱɫߴֱ׵֮ϡ
ֻϧݵķûܵκεĶҡΧĵ棬˲һƬ
ǿķƾ޷׵ķˣȻ˾ʹ󷨰ɡ
ʥԭͷǿĹԼĹֶһݵķ
һʵ֪֮ƾŸ幥ûκõģҪ׵ķͱҪһ֮ϣȻԵ棬ݡ
뷨ȷģ岻һֳֻܹӪÿһӪֳַ˼Сӡ
ʥһΪʮŸСӣȻÿ鶼󷨶׵йʱҪ֤ԣڼ䲻ܹһ϶ͻָʥ뷨˵˳
ⲻӰʥֱ˾
ãʥҲûзԣΪ뷨һģ˵֮󣬻˵һΧͷų󷨣׵ĻָҪģЩɽ֮ǰŨֹһҲΪ׵Եˡ
׵ķָһ㣬ʥѾǰٷ֮ȷˣŸոһ˵꣬ʱһͻȻ֣Ȼɽ
ɽػ󣬶ĻҲǺܴһлĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ʥϿ֮󣬾תԶףȻ·Ѿֺ˶ʥ˵Ȼ̽׼ˣôǾͿʼɣ
ʼɣһҪ̵ʱɱסʥ˵䣬ҲԶס
һ뿪һ֧ĳʥոָĵطȻʥȷ˹
ʥʥǱҲû¡

䣡

һĹԼֵĹֶΣʼһһĳʥµĵطȥ
һʼʱǵĹֻһ΢ȥһЩʱƣܿϾͳѺۡ
һѺ۳ֵʱʱҲѾȥ˽ӡ
ԭˣҪƴģϧ뷨עҪʧܵġ
һֱעľٶûκεĵġ
ǵ뷨ǲҲͷų󷨸ֻϧӵ־־ԣһϻ޷ֹȡ
ܹӦе־ԼİȫǺаյġ
־ĸ֪ǳǿеΣյĻһĳֲͬһ־ɽһ
־һ仯ûУͱĹ˵ν
ǳ֮⣬Ҳûһܹ־ˡ
һ뵽־ҹ̲ס뵽֮
Ϊ񻰴ڣֲ֮˼ǵʱ֮־ס־ļĨ
ϳ˴֮ϷֹҲûпκһӵС
ϸԪںѾﵽɣںȴԽԽˣϣںϵĹ̲Ҫ⡣ȷԼʱûΣպ󣬾ּһԼںϳ̶ȡ
һ֮׾ͷںʵԽԽߣںϵٶҲԽԽˡ
ٶȶԣ׳һ£ͷںҪ²ܹɡ
Ҳ˵ݱҪػ²ſԡ
ȻʱܳźҲûκΰ취ĿǰΨһܹǵȴ
װԸ̾һ֮󣬾ͿʼĵĿĹͬʱǵ󷨣ԼǵĹֶΡ
֮⣬׻ʼ۲ÿһʥʥòԡҿʼǹĴʼǵжǿ
ҲЩˣûа취
ʥλ֪ЩȻ֪ҲеνϾΪ׶Ǳˡ
ǣǾ͸ʥʥʼͣĹףһȥʱ䡣


279 ɱ
һĹ첻ϵĹֱӾ͸ػ׵ݣһСİۡ
ȣҲһָ֮
Ǿ봥׵壬ȴŰֱ۵ĳȡ
ʥλĹǿȣҪ׵壬ôҪڼһµʱſԡ
ȻźǣЩʥλĲͣ£Ѿʣ޼ˣǵûþҲܹ֧Űѡ
һĻֻܹʥλǻȥȻԶż֡
ԶżʵҪʥλϺܶ࣬Ͼʥλһˮ롣
˾ʮԶżͣףǹ֮СİۣջǻָȭͷС
ʱ棬ʥλûг׻ָҲǻָ˰˳ɵ
ϾʥλȻǿᣬһĴĻôָҲҪʱġ
ʵʱͻָ˳ѾǿģǾϵĻָǲĻ˵ˣʮҲӾþ»ָ
ʥΪ˻ɱףûдʡֱӾͰѻָҩˮȵƷȥ
˵Щʥλָ˰˳ɵָ֮æռס
ֻǣһǲŹһ죬ʥʥӰٶȳǵǰ
ɣ׵ķѾԽԽǿˣǵչ޵ģȥ˵һˣһضԴ׵ķʱҪ鶼ѾˡʥһͲò˵ʵ
ʵܲпᣬǾȫ˷˴ĸ߼Դȴ޷˺һ˿һ
ȷʵֻƾǵĹûа취Ƶ׵ķʥҲòһ㣬ûдɱ׵ͷ
ʥҪɱһֻ࣬лȥԷһ취ǿԴ귽֡ʥѻ˵󣬾Ϳʥ
ڣ˭֪ǽɵĴڣֱɱ˵꣬ôǻᱻܵظסģʱһͻܵӦĳͷ
һ㣬˭ϡ
Ҫɱģ׵ꡣ
ظ֮׵ʦԲ˭ɱ׵꣬ôҲԼԼΪȻһĻ֪ᷢʲô顣
ظܹ֮˽ָʾҲ칬ʹá硷ֱӰתΪȴڡ
ʼˣ׵꣬ͻܵطĹһܹܵģҲܹ֣ȻǻӴ˷֮£ֻܹѰⷽ壬ʥûпǹһ㣬˼ΪҪȹݻѡ
ʥ˵زҲ˼ܾ
һЩǿһ㣬еɻһȻǿ󣬿ϧɻһֻܹƾűͨѣ귽˽ģҪ塣ʥջǾɻһʥλðա
Ϊһɻһʥλ֣ôܳɰܶ³ǷǳңҪʥΪ깥ĳɹһֶûУȫѰ·
ˣȲ˵ܵظ飬ھ͹ڵѾǳǿˣһ·вͨģֻǡֻҲİʥҲҡҡͷȻȷʵвطǷˡ
ЩطȻǿᣬֻͨʥλʹãҲ˵ס
οʥѾ˵ڵһ׵ʱһǳǿ׵ɽǿ׵ķ
ʱʥѯʥǸǿʲôزʥĻش屶ϡ
һôҪܵϵĹԷҲмĿܻ
һ־ػô깥Ȼûаá
ҲģˣҲֻܹɿˡʥһǳƣû˵ƹ
ȻɱģպǻлɱģȵȡʥҲˣͻȻһ顣
ʥǶһ顣ʥ뵽ǼͻȻʥ˵ôһ仰
ʲô飿ʥ⡣
Ƕϣֻ塣ʥĻش
ֹ壿˵壿
ʥôһ㣬ʥҲ뵽һ壬Ҳͳǿ塣
֮֮ǰк֪Ĵڣȴһֱ֪һмʥ˵ʱһ㼤
ˣʥȻĵͷȻ˵ʲô֮⣬ȷʵһ֪飬Զɭ֣ɭ֡Ԩ֮Ǹط顣
飬ϻϺ׼ء
׽ǰϾųɾŵ鶼֪Ĵڡ
ʥλȴǶ֪һ㣬ʱͶǿ
ڽǧ֮Уи׷ʥߣǰǸڵĵطȥսźսʥλҲûл
ɴ˿ɼǳǿ󣬵ϧǹһҲûа취Ϊ
ڵĵطͱΪɭ֡Ԩɭ֣Ϊʥλʮˡ
֮⣬ΪǸɭҹһɫԻ֮Ϊɭ֡
ǸطƺΪʲô֮ȷʵһ飬һǳǿ顣
ʥԶܹģϴ׷֮ʱҲҹǸ飬֪Ǹ鲢ûнӴ֮Իǿʱ׷ɱ֮һףú󿴿ܹܲ뵽һɱ׵İ취ʥȻǰͷϡ
Уֻǲ᲻ǡʥͷҲ鶯ˡ
ʥ֮ӦúĿǰ֪ʣˣԾҪū壬ȴֶûУ֮˵вû״
Ϊ׸Ѿ׾ˣ״ô³Իǳҡ
һô֪ǾȥѰϾӵе֪ʶ㡢Ҷ޷ģİܹҵɱ׵İ취Ҳ˵ʥ˵꣬ǿֱƿһռͨ
ҲãܹҪһԡ
ʥҲͬ뷨ҲһռͨȻʥ뿪ɽ
ЩʥλҲ׷׳ȥ󷨣ŷ׷׻صԼסָͬʱȴʥʥһָʾ


280 
ɭ֣ɭ֡Ԩɭ֡
λ߹һ֮УڵĵطҲء
ǣȴûжϣǽкʲôģ飬ǷβܣҲͨ
˫ƽദǧ꣬Ϊ֮ĳ֣ô黹ǲ壬幵ͨ
Ϊ֮ĳ֣֮ǰסʥλŽأȥѰ֮Լѯй֮顣
źǣ֮ڴڳ֮󣬾ʹûϵ飬һεʥλûеõκϢ棬Ҳûҵκ
ǣʥλѡʥλ飬֣֮Ȼһϸ£ֵ֮ĻҲ鿪ս
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ʥ뵽Ŀܣò˵ܹλϣԲλͺͰзͥеġ
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ڸܵҲֱӽ뵽ʥ鷿֮УǳûòڵʥҲܹô
˵ΨһλĴǲɻȱģһʧȥ˰еİôʥλλǩ˺ƽԼҪٶϵĻôƾʥλһµĴڣҲʥκһ
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һλɱʥѾǱ鵽ˣ˾һЩֵ飬Ҳѡ̡
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ڿףʵһΪյϢ
ϢھʥпܶһУϾʥһɸĵķǾ˭ƿءʥʥʥ׵ϣô׾ʥ
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һҪʵ׾ôġ
ͷʥֺγûǱʶԼȷ顣
ϾѪѣǳѣҲ֪׾ӵоѪļʣһֱĵ飬ʥ˵ֶ֮ˡ
ˣаѻز֮ʥĬ
пʥĬеЦ͸ˡ


281 
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ʥ֮Ҳûзǣֱƿطǰ
ƿطȻųԽͨʥλźλͬʱλҲﲻ֮ĸ߶ȣλ׾ٵľҵϢڡ
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񣬾ĳƺţǲ֪ƺԼģΪġ
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ʥ˵֮ͻȻһɫˮδһӰͳǵǰûãӰתΪʵĴڡ
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ɫͷɫͫף׿㣬Ҳ㹻ߵˡʥֺҲ̲סĸпһ䡣
ʵʥ˵ںԼòôĲںǵõ׵ĳ֮һγ֪ľ̲סİԼȽһ¡
һȽϣΪԼӵ˻ûΪͨĻеԶ
ҲֻǳƬ̣ʥܿԼ
Ȼʥı仯ֳ֮󣬾εĿ˵ʥʥ˵֮ûϵңҲûиܵκϢҺǻϢ١
Ϊһ㹻ȵ飬ȻҲӵУ֮վһĻ˶ƣҲܹԵ
һβΪ֮ԣΪеǸסʥҡҡͷȻ˵һεĿġ
ףǸţҲ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼٸ򽻵ĶƵƵ֣ټ֮ǰʥ칬ӡ󣬵ظӡȵȣҲ̲סż뿪ɭȥȡһЩϢ
Ĺ۲죬ۼµľ飬ʱͷһԭ㶼ʼһ׵
֮ӵĻһס
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вĳֻƾգȥôΪ𣬻ϳһΪǿ֯Ǹ֯Ųɸ˵ĿģǳǿᣬҪ֪ʶʥҲĨǣֱӰҪ˵˳
˵Щ֮ʥĴ飬Լڵ˵һߡ
˵ԼĵߣǾֻҪܹ׵ķôͲ
ֻҪ֮壬Ҳ棬ڼ׷ɱ֮
ʵϸʲôϸ֮ǴӦΪ칬ҲţΪ칬֯һֶԷа˳ɻǵ˵ĸо
֮⣬ҲǱȽϹ֮ģΪϵһ飬û˭ӹϵ飬֮һֱûб˷ֹ񶼻̲סȥѰǸ֮
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ðɣҴӦǣǲҪ̫ϣӦʥʱûаѻ˵̫
Ϊһ飬˺ܾõ飬Ȼ֪ܶʧ֪ʶҲûǸص칬֯
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Ȼˣ
ʥӦһ֮󣬾Ĵصɽ֮ϡ

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Ͼ岻ܹ£ʶֲܹ뵽˯ߵ״̬֮£Ψһܹˡ
ҪȤʧȥôӿɾĿԱ˵Ǳܼ尾
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ܵϢҲΪһ뵽ľ֮
飬㱾ͬĻȻҲˣѲˣмš
ڸֱ֮Щ죬˵ǼٵģȻĿ϶£ʱ֮ĽӴԼµĸΡ
ʶĵһ࣬ҲһΪɵ£һߵˣкܶܶԭȻҲϲ£֮ԿΪκ飬Ϊȥðաȥ˵˻ء
ױ˶ر˽⣬ʵûε֧ţҲ߲һ
֮Ͳͬˣ֮һʼȻ׼ѹ֮ȴǿԸ׹ܵĴڣȲ˵֮׺ܶ飬͹ǹһϣ԰׻ѹ
ÿһܶѹģУôѹҲԽԽҪпܱѹ塣
ΪˣȻڱѹѹ壬ʱ䳤˿϶Ӱ쵽ԣҺʱ֮ˡ
֮İ֮Ľ̸Լ֮ҪΪִԼ֮ܵͨУ׷顣
ڣͬҲΣ֮УһĸĻʶľ뵽֮
źǣǹϢ׵ǰʱͷϢȻϢϧ֮
ɫͷɫͫףģȥǷǳۣźһ飬һԥŮ׿״о̲סһ
ò֪Ȼ֮һЩ࣬ͨ˵Ѿ˼ҾɫˣǼ֮ĸˣȽϵĻֻܹеƫˡ
֮ĸȻҪڶļƷˡ
Ͼ֮ĸһŮ֮ס
ֻһӣ׾Ͳö֪ΪĸǴٻģ˵طʶȴʧȥС˵Щͨڻ֮޷Ƚϡ
ĸպɳ֮׾Ͳȷˡ
ǸģȻ˵ۡ񿴵Ϻ󣬾֪ǸӰˡ
׵λñͷǳԣټǿŵݣ˭һܹ֪˾ס


282 սԴͷ
Ľ٣ĸϢҲ׵ɲĸط
ɵǣΪĸ֮Уոսٵʱûи֪ĸĸܵϢ
ֻһӣȻӵֲ겨Ǹ칬ȷʵǿȻܴﵽز
Ϊ飬Ը֪Ȼǿܹĸ֪Χ겨жǿ
ǿҲֻѡΧ겨˵һ֮ǰ˼ȫ෴Ļ
Ϊ飬ԼĽ걾һϣΪе˶޷
ϾǷǳ߹ģӵżͨͬʱܹ
ͨ˵͹һΪֹˡ
СӵӵдˣȻҲ֪õİ취ʥλĴڶûвǳֵĻضͬھŰҹϣܹΪһ취ʥ֮󣬾Ͱѻɱѵһ˵˳
ȻһĿľΪ˼ԼΣϾΪһλȻһŶɱţôҲһĶˡ
ʥĻǵ˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷ
ٶȻʥԣܿмһ䡣
ǵȻ޷ķΪַ߼˵֮΢ͣһ£Ȼһʥܹ뵽νǿʲô
źǣ˵֮ʥãĿû뵽ȥ
ǿķǿķӦ峤ǣǰһλǣഫķʮȼλȫһܹʥ˵
˵ʱʥһ뵽ľһ塣
ǵҲǲһǣҪ޷ﵽǿĵزʥҲʼįȻһԼ塣
ϵǿܹӵеģҲܹӵеģҲѼΪⷽǿ־ݡ
һ̣˵ЩᾧƣͬʱҲǰҲûĳһܹ˺׵ˡ
Ȼݣϣ
ܣһţǵõ칬λô۳ıݡ
ʥ֪Ϣĵһɡ
Ϊʥ޷׾Ȼ֪ıݣҪ֪ݿػȹһĴڡ
ΪĴڣҪ漰кֻܶ࣬ģαǹ⡢ҲҪҪݻҪʱͿռ֮
ǶҲΪӰʱ䲻ͬԭ
ûˣػ׵Щݣ˵ȫּ͵ݣҲλܹƻġҡҡͷʥ˼ɱ׵ͷ
ݣһ޷Խ˵ͨλˣǵҲƻıݣɵĻܣ֮ϸûһ
һĻ׻ĳΪȫˡ
ɶݲҪ־ܹγɵΪ׻ػ
Ϊʲôˣ
ʥ̲סһ䣬ʵ޷µ
ܼ򵥣Ǿǰ۳ݵˣһǿԲ׽־Ĵڡ嵭ĸһɡ
ʲô־ҲԲ񣿡ʥһĵһ˵
ʥ֪棬̥˵˾ĸף԰˵Ӧûܹ־˵ȥץ־ˣȻĳһˡ
ǵȻ޷׽־ԶʱڣкܶܶԲץ־ˣȻǿĹǿ
ʥţͰһЩԶʱ˵һ
ʵɲ˵һЩ˽ģֻܹЩȡһЩϵ
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ΪʥȻԴ󣬵ҲһЩǣǶǿ߶ԣӿǡ
ʥҶ־ݵ֪Щ˴ɱǾͲˣҪǿ־칬ջ֮󣬸ηֹߡƬ̣ʥһ䡣
˵ʥû˵칬׵ģȴ֪һ㣬ܹһľֻ칬ˡ
־ף붼ûġ
ԣȻĵ׻˽Ǿһط׷ӡɱĻֱӰӡ˭Ȳ˵ĵطˣ칬ҲˡʥĿǰֻܹԸˡ
칬һΪͷ칬ڶλ֮һֻҪӡףô칬ȻҲ޷ʱ罫ٶȻعƽһεĺƽõĺƽʥҲ˵
һֱݣ˭Ҳκβ˭˲һʥ壬ȻΪ
һεĶսʥʥսĿ£Ҳ˺ƽĿɹ
ǰˣսǽķֻкƽܹǴȻССνǣʥλսԲܹٶȷˡʥҲǺöģһε֮սı˿
һε֮սΪ˵ʥλ͸ߴｫʮټһЩ˽µʥλѾʮˡ
֮ʥλ䣬ټϴͨ˵һ޴Ĵ
Ȼ״սǲܹģСսȴνΪҪûôҾͶӦ׵һ仰ǻڰ֡
ϸ룬֮Իɽ棬һж칬Ҫ֮ϣ칬Ǽٽ֣֮Ҳ˵ײһսԴͷֻҪӡףôһеͶʥף˵ôһ仰
仰һ˵꣬׵֮Ҳͳˡ
֪ǵ̰ηսȴһǿҵͷϣǡ׳޷Ҫһ֮УȻһġ
Ļ˵꣬ɽͻȻһ£һ׹˲׺ʥм䡣


283 
׹ֱ֮ӻΪһɫ۵࣬ڳÿһλʶΪһεʥİ׼ҼС
ҪӡףôͱҪӡһռǿȼǿĵطһҪӡס꣬޷֮ؽλ֮УҲ
Գ֮󣬾ȻֱӰ׵㣬Լ׿Խ֮Ӱ˳
˵ĻȻǲ׻·
У벻Ȼʥǿдɽ󣬲û˿΢ЦĿŰС
˵ʥأʥأʥأӦôžλ޷˴ӱʱ򴳽ɽûȤ
԰λһ忪սûΣգҲҪˡ
ǰвûôɵһǳϧˣΪԼҪģ˾ԼĺӶԵֱĳ롣
һġ
ĿĸһΪʥңͬҲϣڳҴΪֹ칬аĴڣ׳Լһжʥ󣬾˵ԼĿġ
ͬʱ칬˵аĴڡ
ܺãļ룬ôоųɵİս׷ӡ칬ҲĵطʥæȻҲеޣе㻳ɣóи׵ĹϵǺܺá
׻˵Ļʳӣͬˣ벻õʥȻҪɱԼĺӣĪ֮ʲôܲɣһԵʥ̲סһ䡣
֮ǰΪ׶ʥԼʥ˵Щʥ׶еøУȻøвʥĴɱ߷ӡ׵ͷΪ˵仰ûǿԵġ
ʥ˵֮׵֮תͷʥƺҪ˵Щʲô
׻ûиʥ˵ǰԼ֮廯Ϊ˰ʵĴڣȻ˵Ҹ֮ȷʵһЩܣܾһ߱ӡĻ칬ͻðгΪˣʱõ칬
˵仰ʱǳ棬һ˵겻ʥˣжˡ
һԸǳˣ֪һԼμһηӡļƻضԼӳӣôҲû뵽׾Ȼʼûѻˡ
׵֣ðôһ㿴ˡ
ϧǣ˵ʥţͬʱײŸոһ˵꣬ʥǸ˰С
ףҲ֪ڽӣ˲ŻҪǣֻϧǾɵҲΪ칬ˣ칬ˣô칬ͽˡʥȻ˵
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ʥҲ΢ЦŵͷһҲͬԡ
ԭˣǹȻǲȻĻΪβ˳칬Ͼ칬Ҫ綼кô˵һζķ칬칬ļƻ칬ή٣ʱѡ칬칬Ҳûǵλˡ˵ʱ׵ҲЩˡ
صʹΪǵѡжϣҲ׸Ļᡣ
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иһ˵ִ꣬ӻóһ
ԶʱڵһһʥֽҳλıУᱻѹɣͬʱԳ
жŻһ֮󣬻д֮óһӡ
ӿͨʵһȶİλ棬һûκİλ棬һӡ棬ҲԸܵ
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ֶ֮⣬山ľͷ֮һ֮أǸطʱŶᱻᣬλҲ룬ҪľǰȷӡڻУ֮ڷӡ棬ڼ֮صΪ׼һʱΪ㣬Ϊľ
зǳŶ˵ţ·Ѿһһ㡣
еĽ֮Ҳɵüͷ
ֶܲΣӿռ䡢ʱ䣬һеԴӵǸطһĻҲ沿ޱ飬λ뷨
һԵʱȴͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ˵ں£ǵ취ĿС
Ϊ飬ĸ֪˵ԽЩλֻһγɵ壬ܹܵ׵
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λ׵ʱ˭ҲûзҲ¶һ˿ЦݣȻЦݾ㱻ǿҲνɰ˵ʱӦЦĲŶԡ
ףȻǷŭʵҲڸˡ
׵֮ͻȻ˲գȻнǿϢԺ
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Ǻ׻û˵ʱ򣬾ʹбһư׹⡣
ಣ
׹˲׵֮壬ȻֻΪһסݵΧ
УʲôʥͻȻ֣в˵
׸ո˵ĻǧһԴ߹ԣԵ߹˵ɣȥɽķٻ¡а仰ĳһ䡣
һͣλʱ͸еһ£ôҲ벻׾ȻֻܹƾͿԵôǿ
ͬʱҲѰг
Ȼ˭ܹõ׵֮屻ͻȻգһ۾¶һ˿ʤЦݡ


284 ֮ӣ
˿̣λʱĵһֶ֣ԸĵˣȻֻһ֮Ȼˡ
벻һССţȴҪλַӡҪǴȥǶҪųˡʥ૵˵
ĺǿ˵Ϊҵ˶Ը׵İ취ˣһ뵽һǽȻҲǷǳƵġ
ɲǼ򵥵ţԶ飬ÿ궼һǿŻȣЩȻײĺԶĹ۲죬ȴǷһЩɣЩų֮ΪʹߡһԵͻȻ˵һ䡣
ʲôŵĳйɵģ
һȻҵĹɣ
Զʱ𣿡
λ˵ж˵Ĳ
ΪеǿߣȻӵǿҲƿŸԴǴû뵽һ㡣
ʹߵ˼˽⣬Ӧþǵõ־еļһ⣬ͻƽƣûнѣʲôĴڣȻţɽҲ١е㲻ʵ
ղ˼ԣǾһ˵ˣ˿ȴҪãȻ˵˵ˣôֶѲŶԣ׵Ľ̫ˣһһαһա
һĻ׾ԲеǸʹߡ
һʼʱҲΪʹߣϸһ룬ȷʵʹûһűߵĵطȴһơ˵ʱͻȻ¶һ˿صЦݡ
ЦڳλһΪ֪һʲôͷ
ԶʱҲ֮ͳεʱʹ֮⣬ҲֹײţǶֶѣʵǿԽսǲٻ£Ĵڱǳ֮Ϊ֮ӡ˵ʱ򣬻⿴һס
֮ӣֻĵôܴڣ֮󣬵һʾɡ
ΪʥûʹĴڣ֮ȴ̫ˣΪ䣬кܶ˻ΧԼתģһʲô֮ӡ֮ӡԶŵ֮ӵȳƺžͶˡ
Ȼʵϣ֮˭ҲûмΨ˵֮󣬵ôôһ뷨
֮ӵĴ˵Ҳ˵ͱ֤ʵҥԣΪ֮Ӿ֮ӣҲ֮ӣǳìܡʥҲҡҡͷ
ǲ֮ӵ飬ǱܵĲϣ֮ӣΪ֮ӵĴ˵̫ˣһǾ֮ɱġ
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Ҳ˵֮ӣôɴŶȹνѵĿԣյҪǶȹν֮׵ӡ
֮Ǵڵġʥһ˵꣬ͷԶʱڣһγ֮ӣǷֱǵۡʡ֮ӣͳεʱ׽
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˿ֲ飬еܲˡ
ʲô仯ʥǲʲôΪ˵Щ̫𾪣ûôš
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ʱѾһЩæ׷ʵܣ֮ҪǳĻʲô
ҲɻģΪľԣ岻Ӧͬʱ֮ӲŶԣһ֮Ӷ֣ôӦþֻһֿˡ˵ʱҲ
֮ӳֵ˳򱻴ңǾ˵һµ֣ǳǿһͳ磬Ȼγһµ򣬻˵µֻء
ĻźǷ˼Ǽ򵥣Ǿһֻرˣһµʱ
µֻءµʱ칬𣿡
ˣǲ֮ӣܹľǰ͵֮أռʱ䶼ܹĵطװ׷ӡ֮
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֮ǲɿܵĴڣϢҪǴȥĻô綼㵹һ
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御ͷ֮ء
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ˣǿҲֻܹȼտռ䣬û˵ܹ浽ʱ
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ʧ֮ǰ׶ǷǳȫģҪľǵȵ˸֮ĸ˵һ䣬ͶĸһץȻĸ뿪
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ȥôʱ䣬ӦѾ˼֮ˣһҲǳ׵İȫˡ
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λĴڣպһӰ쵽칬ļƻܹ˽һ˼Ը񣬶Ժ˵ҲǷǳҪġ
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ԶʱҴ飬ԭһΪԼҪͷˣû뵽Ȼӭת
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ȷʵ֮ӣΪǱһֻ֣Ǵڵķʽһѡ
ǣ֮ҲҪʱɳģΪ˲֮ڳ֣ҪȸԼһ֮ӵţһպ֮ĳֺҲɼٵģȻɱ
֤ݣôӼ֮ӳ첢ʵõ֤ݡ
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286 Ȩֵ

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ЩԵʣ߹˵ҲɣӰǳ࣬Ⱦ߹̬
֮Զ߹˵ǳҪǾΪ߹ǿĹҾͻ˳˲űɢʱ򣬾ͻ˻
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ϢҲ׺ʥйأǾ׵ĳ飬Լʥɱ׵顣
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еķŭ޷йôֻԽԽŭǷйȥŻ
ǽԣŴʥһֲ

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ʼɣһǧ߻飬սʱЩ˶ûмһ𡣡
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ʥ֮Ȩ»֣պÿһ鶼ͶƱƶѡȡӵͶƱʸˣڳˡ
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ʥѾǰʥأΪǿػʥؾʹ˽ɢ
߹Ϊ׵һ߹ʧ޴棬Ƕʥĺޡ
ǴǺòװһŵߣʲôôûеõ׾ͱʥ͸塣
Ӱʲôģ߹˿ɲЩ֪ʥزеĻôܱ͵ϣϾҲɵôԸȥ
㲻ɢʥأҲҪʥؽ»֡
һͬ⣬ԺҲδΪ˱ǣʥҪֳһԺԺ뵽ʥ֮С
鼫ãͬ
Ҳͬ
߹֮Ժ
Ժʥûб̬Щ߹֮ȴͬˡ
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֮Ϳʼ׸칬ĹϵԼй׺칬Ĳ²⣬ʹߡ֮ӵ鶼ڳˡ
˵֮µ˲ͱð˺ܶࡣ
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飡
߹֮˵˵ţͻȻ˵ºϣǵĻû˵꣬ʥͻȻһģȻǵĻ
׵˲ʥصʥ߶ԼǸжº飬׼ҵսɡʥòȨҲԺʥأܹЩ˴ºע⡣
ΪʥӦ׵顣


287 ʼġ
ʥºļƻ֮߹֮ɫȻЩá
ǣһ뵽еġ¡Լġʥ񡷣Щջ
Ļ鵽Ϊֹʣµ顣
ʥҵã͸ɴɢȥ˻顣
߹֮ԺԺҲûʲô˵ģǵҪҪѾﵽˣεҪֻҪȡͿԣòҲν

ҹң鷿
ʥ뿪µ󣬾ֱ鷿֮С
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˵öô⣬ȻѾӦչǣôȻ֮ǰչ˺ǡʥŮҡҡͷȻСһ䡣
ʥ涼˵Ѿˣܹܵû飬ʥһʾġĵĻףȻʥĺܺã綼ڴϢȻҲ֪
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˵ʥҪӺףŮóʥûж⣬ǲŻϢʥġ
Ǳ߷ʲôҲΣյĵطȫĵطڵİȫû⡣ʥȻҲ밲οһŮʵǲ֪Ǳ߷ʲô顣
УΪ칬Եʣܶ˶׵֮սĸԴڣԲ˶ϣ˾֪ûҲܹ˵Ϊ˷ֹºϢ©ȻΣϵʥŮһ䡣
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ˮ©һǳթҲ˵ҲС˵һ䡣
ˣʲôԭǺúö飬Ȼ׻ʱƯƯļ޸ʱһΪֻ񡣡ʥŮе䣬æת˻⣬˵ϲõ档

ʥôһ˵ºɫͻȻú
ǺǣʥŮߵı󣬲ɵЦһȻ˵úöɣǡ
һ˵꣬鷿Ҳͻָƽ

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ʱ򳿸ܻԼȥǳһ¥ż˵顣
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磬еĿģô򵥵ȥ
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˵Ϣ֮Щһʱ䶼Եú˷ܡ
Ͼ֮ѡ칬ҪԭΪ칬
磬ܹܵڼʶңͬʱĳҲͻȻʼԺңûв´ĻһЩ칬ϢĶС
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Ϣݳ֮ǰЩѡ칬ʸ칬ӵܣͻȻõ˼ӣ˼Դɡ
Ǿ죬ǵĴ̬ͻȻһת䣬ĸĸֵܽöҿˣͬǡһ㡣
磬ҲܵڼңʵǴѧʿһһЩǲ֪鷢ˡ
ʱܻҲһ̬ȡ
ܻǸСӣھͶ򴫡İԼ칬ĺôܻѾһ˼ˡ
˼˵Ҳֻܻ𻹺ᣬʵԣŵͬеĻһš
Ҳ˵һ֮УҲһܻᲢۡ
ܻ֮ǰ˵һˣʮ涼üһ
Сܣ飬ʵҲˣһ϶и칬йϵͬ顣򳿼ҵȴĴ𸴣ͰԼ뷨˵˳
ûв´ĻһͣսԵɣ˸йϵ֮⣬Ҳ칬ĳֹϵ칬ľŮ˵칬Ὺһµʱı仯ضµʱйء
򳿾һ뵽һ㡣
Ĳеˡ
˵֮ͻȻһϤ˳
ȥᣬȻоǷǳĺ˭֮󣬶һɱĸо
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ˣ
͵֮࣬ͻȻһռ䲨ǰͳǳƯŮˣӦ˵ǳƯ顣
˻ǿϢһʥҲﲻֲϢҪȻ԰Ϣ׵ķΧ֮ڣֻܹܵģԺʥ߸ܲҲ˵ɱǣôǸûз֮Ҳ˹Ԯ򳿸֮ܵжʱһƬ
ϾϢ˭ܹϳģĸֵʱͰǵ칬ĵˣʥصĳһʥߡ
壬񣡡
壬磡
û򳿵Ŀ־壬ϣһͱԼ֡
ʲô壿
ô壬Ϊλǣ
׷ʲô飬ѵҲ칬ĵˣ
ĸ֮칬ûһ裬Ƿ׷ó飬ƴһ
Ҳܹǣ˭аĴأͳι壬ЩԸʥصʥɱԼҲһʥλս
ǣȻѡ˼칬ôȻҲ׼ϣĳȻǿ־壬ȴûаκһŵ÷ֿͶ


288 Ĳ
ĸƲǺǿƾ˲ˣ򳿺ܻĵȼƫͣ˵ĸʱ򣬵һ뷨
Ҳ˵ĸǵˣôѯʲôԼǶ˵ģֻҪһлᣬǾͻѡԾ
ϣ˵һ־ᶨͲᱻȡϢΪĹֶ̫ˣֻطѡ
ܵظûгǰܹܣΪ塢壬ڵ壬бȽ˽⣬˾ɱҲûá
ţҪɱ𣿡
ӵżǿĸ֪֪ܹϢϣͬʱҲܹľ񲨶ϡ
֮⣬֮УһʱȥѧϰУѧϰÿһСϸ΢ÿһÿһƤɽԾ㲻ƾž֪Ҳܹӱ󿴵óҪɱ
һ뵽ͻȻһͷû˵Լܵ׵ָʾװһڵӣȻڳ칬ԱȵҪνˣڱǰɱĻᶼûС
ߣǡ
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Ļһ䣬򳿾ʹ㷴һ䣬Ļû˵꣬ھʹһֵĲ漴ԼΧͶˡ
һεĶˣƤ۽ǡ鶼޷ĵز򳿵ĻȻҲˡ
ֿѣʵʵ칬һϢ߱ԿǷŹǵ꣬ǲ˵Ļһ֪ܼ尾ʹࡣƵвһ䣬ͬʱɿǵһǿ˵
ܹ˵ܹҧԾϣҧǺԾģΪһ˲Ͱͷ
οղҲ˵ˣ޾ܵظķ򣬸ֱӶԸǵꡣ
ְɣѡ칬һ̣Ѿ뵽³³ԣǸԸΪ칬Ŀ˲ʲôǶġ򳿶˵һ䣬ͱϿ۾ȴ١
ܺãȻѡԼ걥ܼ尾ôҾͳȫ㡣
˫һ漴һɿֲϢ򳿵˵ע·ֱ߽⣬Ȼ󳹵׵ʧ˿С
磡
磡
Ȼĸɱ磬۴˺;ŮŹġ
壬ҲҸ칬ԣӵʥλҲһ칬ϡ
磬ģһܵ޾ʹࡣ
򳿵Ȼòǳѹϧǵһʵ̫Сˣ˳˿ͷ˵Щݻ⣬Ķˡ
ЩвԵúǵ˷й֮󣬾ֿܻ
ܻ칬ĳԱ֮һҼ֤֮֮һԭֻһͨΪõ칬İһٳΪţ칬飬õһоͶữΪӰ֮ѡ򳿡ѡܻȻҪһЩ
ʵܻ𣬶ܻھôȻᱳ칬
ְɣܻĻشȻֻ֣ȴûڳκһʧ
ĸҲûʧΪϣĻ档
Ը
Ȼܻû⣬Ϊ˰ϷȥûֶΰѸܻ֮ˡ
ܻǰһڣ漴ͿһϤӰ
磬ôû
ܻ𿴵Ӱ֮ȵһ䡣
û£Ҳ칬ˣղֻ̽һҰˣܵ׵ָʾѰǵģҪЩԱҳ϶ȡ򳿸ܻһ䡣
ԭ򳿱ûת˵طӪһɱľ֮ҲͬʱһԵһöݸ򳿡
Ϊ˲һһеͣǾ︺˵ʣһûȴ
ҳϲһе˺ҳϣɵȴСе˵󣬵һҳϵûУҪû칬һ¡
ȻǾ衣׻ĺȻ鶼ոˣǿᡣܻȻþòƽ
Ȼ֪һж̽ҲͲټǺ񣬶ǾĵȴЩ칬ԱĿ顣
ܻ𻹾ܺΪֻΣյʱܹ֪һ˱ԣΪʲˡ
ţѾ˼ͨѡһԷͨĿˣôͱ˶ˡ򳿶ܻһ䡣
˼ܼ򵥣ǾͨʵĻͰ˵õɱ鲻ܹ֣Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ˡ
ܻͷȻѡͶ򴫡ֳٻ˳
һβμӾۻˣкܶһֶܻеѡҪ˵ΥԣܻȻŹǡ
ʱƣܿа˸˽
˸˽֮ıֶܻһǵҲ칬һԱ󣬾͸ûб칬
ĻɵҲ֪칬³ʲôˡ
쿴Ǹ˵칬ʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ժļ칬Աļһ
ϾҪʱ˾ͽҰɡ
ɣʱ˵¡أǩ±Լ˭Ȼ˵顣
ðɣ
Щһ˵꣬ͶǸ͹
ˣ
Ȼ˲䣬ǸҲͷ˹
Ǹոձ񴫵ݹ󣬾ԵôһãûüĹ֮¡
֮򳿲˵ǸһѵԺ˵ʱǱҪڽ
ǰַȷʵܿС
мַǼȴʵ顣
ʮӺе˰ԣߵʮ߸ʣʮĸѡ˱ѡ
ձ˵ֻ˱ѾǷǳˣʵ򳿡ܻȴһ޷ܡ
򳿡ܻ۴˺;;ŮǷǳεģ̫ʧˡ
һн֮ͳڶĸǰһֱָ򳿺ܻ
ˣһǵĴҺʱЩ澾˳ȻǾ۴ˡҲ֪ͣһԼˡ
ˣԸܳͷܻҲͣΪȷʵ칬õ˺ܶô˶ûܺãҲϷ
ˣͨ˲Եķϣû˿ԥһҾԭǣҲֻһΣ𣿡û׷Ҳûʱ׷ԾͷŹǡ


289 칬=У
õĿ֮򳿡ܻ˶һ
ϾȻϷ˭Ҳı
ˣ֪һΪ£򳿻һתѯĿġ
ӵűͨʥλҪǿ򳿵ȻΪֻǸԼ̽ԱĿɿȣʵԣȻѾԳˣôһŷǳص顣
һжΪ칬ļƻҸҪ֮ǰЩûгΪ칬ʽĳԱǩԼְɡ
һۣȻͽһ鼮֮ٻ˳
ǡͶ򴫡ԭ۴˾Ȼԭ㡣򳿿ԭ֮же𾪡
ڵġͶ򴫡Ҫ֮ǰϺܶ࣬ЩõܹõͶ򴫡ԭսҪһΡ
ԭ۴Ϊ칬ʾıҪ̵ʱȰ칬ĳԱȷ֮칬ʱҪˡ˵
˵Щʵ׸ûн֮Ѿ˺֪ܶ꣬ʲôĸӾȾ
µʱ𣿡
ŮȷʵµʱֻǶʱָĵʲô
磬ܴ磬֪ʱʲô𣿡
˵֮һЩ״̲ס˳
Ϊ칬һԱľ칬ܹ˺Լˣ͸ʣʴҲõĻܵͷǱ˵ѡ
һ㣬ǾǶ칬ʱڳȷʵǳ棬ϾǿǴԺķչ
ЩȻʳ⣬ûȥʣǶ򳿺ܻһ
ʵϣǵҲҪԸǵĻȻͻ˵
ʵҲǺҸоµʱӦúйء˵Լ뷨Ȼ칬ˣĵĴڣ˻Ĳ֪Щ
ҲôģܻҲ˵ͷ
˵֮ʱͳĬ
ˣʱͲҪˣ޷飬ҪľǸһ뿪Ժ򲻳ʮǾͶҪڷˡ
˵һ䣬ʹһռ֮š
ռ֮ŸͨʥλĿռ䲻ͬΪռ֮쳣ȶֻҪǳˣʥλܲǿռ֮ɵĿռ䲨
Ҳ˵ʱȺ뿪Ҳᷢκ
ˣĸѧʿִѧʿһʥǣ뿪᲻鷳Ȼֶ֪ΣСĵһ䡣
ߣ
̫ͺܼ򵥣ûжֻͣ˵ôһ֡
˵֮ЩҲͲٽ飬ʵʵĸ߽˿ռ֮档
Щǵˣһʱ仹ûз״
ǵԭǸЩĶҲܹ뿪ԺͬʱҲܹɱǣ˭Ҳ벻ͻȻıʡ

սԺͬһķ֮ڡ
ˣ
һռ䲨ĴٶֳΡ
ӵȻҲ칬ĳԱˣǼ֮ıֱּ򳿵һޡ
֮ǰİ취ÿ˶һ£һεļҪԺõĶ࣬ΪսѧԺûһѡ칬
ϾսѧԺǱŵĵطﱾͼ޷ܵ顣
֮⣬սԺһôǾθгǿǵθзǳǿ칬һȱεĵط֮ǰʱδսԺᱳ칬
ԺǰԺ׳ĺԺԴ˸ĺԺ˴ֻսԺһֱռŵһλá
Ȼкǲò˵սԺȷʵǿԺ
ǵĴʵԺͬһͬԺǱûһͽȴ
սԺԺϺԺе졣
˵ʵȻͬΪ칬ˣǻϣԺУҲһЩα칬ĳԱ˭սԺȴֱӸһİơ
޳ˣǲ𣬶Ҵǡ
ҪϹЩĳԱʱͨԱæǩ֡
æ֮󣬺úýһ£໥Ϥһ£Ժ󻹻һִҲ˵
սԺǺܺ˵˵֪ԼʲôԺ칬ԱܿʹһƬ
УǿνĺĳԱǽеĳԱܹĳԱÿһ칬ľӢǶõ
ЩǶĹҪӡ֮ϵķţ޷ѹڸˣǶǺĳԱ
һԱôЩ˾ͻһԱˣ֮ǰŶ˵һҪǵΪֻҪһܹɳպ󶼽칬
ԺսԺ칬ԱߺܿаĿŵʣµԺ֮С
ĺԺԺԺ
ʣµԺ֮УҲӵ칬ĳԱֻԺĳԱϡ٣ļϻûʽΪ칬ԱͱսԺԺĶ
УʣµԺ棬ҲΣչͷѡ칬³ȻҲǷǳҵġ
Ժߺ󣬾ֿʼȴЩͨɢԱ
ЩԱ߹ĸ˼ʱҲ޷
ҪǣԺʧ˰֮ԺȻҲͷһ㡣
˵صĺܺãû˲ִԺ칬ԱΪ칬Աʧ߹ԺԼʥض׷ɳʥʥںִѧʿҲܶþͶö١
˵Ϊ֮ͻȻͽ뵽һݵĺƽʱڣʱҵע칬棬Ϊ˶Ը칬ǵٶҲν
ҪǻǰĻ߹ԺйУɻᱣһֹͬ˵롣
һ칬ԱĹ֮УֱӾ͸ıĴͳ߹Ժʥأֱųǿ
ȻΪ׵ͻȻԼ칬Ŀع⣬ټ뵽ƽϵ֮󣬴ҾͶ˲칬ڵ뷨
ϧǣ߹ԺʥǿȻϣ칬ڣκҲҲκһѲ˰£ûҵ˭Щߡ
߹ԺʥؾͰѽ칬Աˣ˵칬λ֣ͬʱΪ˶Ը칬ʥҲס


290 Լ
һº˵Ϣ磬ͬʱ칬Ҫһͳ磬ҪЧԶʱڵǰ㣬ͳ˧ϢҲ˳
ס壬Դʱ֮󣬾һֱ໥ս壬칬ѹ֮£ˣʽϵˡ
Ϣݳȥ֮綼뵽˹İ֮УȻǱǰ
ݰȥ֮󣬽žӭ˴󱬷ֵֵ۷׷׳أİգͨˣȻϣˡ
Ĳ˵˵ЩڶԷµˣѾûкϽĿܣոսһ£ҪֶԸ칬һȻ˺ѽˡ
֮⣬칬Ҳ巴ܴ
칬ĳֹ֣һΰȹΣҪԭΪҲ칬֮ˣ˵ʥط칬ǿ֮սĸԴҪͳʱ򣬴󲿷ֶԴ˱ʾţΪһȫʥصı
Ǻкܶ忪ʼѰ칬Ӱϣ칬ܹһ¡
Ȼ칬ʧȥ֮֮Ҳʧȥµˣûа취ʥܹο֮лλ
λ칬˵Ҳͬ߹һ㱻飬һ
ǰûλʱ칬ûôһɡɵʤʣλİ֮£д鶼ʤΪԣ֮ػҲλǰʱд顣
Ĳ࣬ײŻѡæ칬˶ǲ˷ӡ׵Ĵڣ˭Ҳ벻ʵѾΪ칬ˡ
һ칬ûܹڵˣ˵ʱȥºЩҪ칬˵壬Ҳ׷׵ʥء
Ҳǽ飬칬֮Ҳ׵ĸ׶ʥûб̨Ϊսûн廹Ҫ

ʱţϢݳȥ֮󣬺ܿ͹ȥµʱ䡣
µʱ棬巢˼ı仯·ǳҪ
һǾȥĵ£ʥλϴڣĽؾһǰĴͻ飬һλݾǷй칬Լ߶Կ칬İ취
Ͼ岢֪칬ʵǵ֪֮У칬ĸλĴڣ˵Ѿ뼫֮ˣ칬ԱȫʧԵʣΪ칬ǻή١
Ϊ칬ĽҪԼϾĸλֻλ
ڶ飬Ǿ֮ڳˣ֮µʱ棬Զżһأڼ侭ٰٴ֮٣ջ˹ȥżͽصõĶһԶķ
ȻҲ飬ȴǴ飬ƾ۳ġ
֮ӵǺõĻǻģֻҪԻΪãҪֻҪľԳܵסôûޣƾ׷Լţܿӵ˿Կʥλ
̶£ʹһͨΪһӵжԿʥȻ֮ӡ
ʥ֪Ĵ֮󣬵һʱͰλʥˣͬʱӣһ֮ӣƾȫսĻӵʱսԿʥλ۷塣
֮ӱȷ֮֮ǰ˵Ļȷˣһʱ䶼׵֮ӣֻ֮;ԲŻӡ
粻ôģ˵ױ칬ֶοסˣԲŻᷢսԼôһж칬Ĵ
İҲ˵Ϊ칬ûг
飬Ǿʥ֮ǰĸϢѹԼΪ֮ĺƽòкף׵ȻǴҹˡ
׵ˣҹҵŮӣԼ׼ҵŮӣ׵ıãһ֣ҲҲĺƯǵƯֻ壬Ͼ۸岻ͬ
һʼ׵ʱһҪ£һҪ顣
ֻϧҪŸһʥ߲㣬һ㵱ٶȿսʱҪ󲻿ܣǲҪҹҵѪа׼ҵѪ
ҹѪ׼Ѫ׵Ѫ˵ǿҹҺͰ׼ҵѪѣÿһ嶼ԼطҪûôĸСѪЩ顣
뷨
ʥȻķԣκΰȴͬ⣬֮ǰѾʥƵ˾·вûмȥôʥ֮λضҪֻܹЭͰеٳ顣
Ȼ׼Һҹ֮Ҳкܶ࣬ȻûһεȡһЩô
ֻǰе״ʥõЩʲô˾Ͳö֪ˡ
׵㶨һǳҪ飬׵ھڰ֮ʱ򽫻һǰʢĻ
˵ҪӭȢºʱҲҪʥλμףѣĵһκףȴʥλĲμӺף
Уʥλ֮⣬Ҳյ

ɭ֣С֮ڡ
һ߿һ߰ݶ·һȺ
֮ɫúǹŹ֡
˶Կ칬ѾҸоǲ˼ˣ벻ȴŪһ
ɶѵʥصʥλҰӭȢǵŮӣǿ˰׼ҺҹҵѪ
ʥһ֪һ㣬Ҳ϶õôҲ˵ǰ׼ҺҹҵŮҲǽ׵Ʒѡ
ʥض˰ȻŮȥƷʥعȻѾûбҪˡ
ûһƺ֮£ԲܺƽҲ໥֮ĳޣҪõĺƽǾֻп칬
칬ȻǷŭŭ޴ɷΪǵ̫Сˣ˾֪ЩҲ޷ı䡣
׼ҺҹҵŮӣ׵ãҲ˵һʥҪ׵ļȥףĻĸ󣬲ֹǷһ
ⳡɹǴʲôĿģܹɹ
ֻǣǵҪȥ
칬һ뵽׼ҺҹҵŮӼ޹ȥ³оһֵˡ
ˣǾԼҲҪֹⳡ


291 
칬ǿĴڣ벻취֮󣬾ͰĿⶼתϣϣܹǳһ취
ϣĿ⣬һ£εҡҡͷ˵Ҳμӻ֮һҲְܹǣĻͻ֪Ϊ칬ЧʱǶܵ޷ڰ뼫֮صķӡ
ϸӦ֮ϢΪһԱ֮޾Ҫֻ֮׵ϲпܣҲҪ֤׵İȫ
ҪΪĸҲΪΪƻȥðա
ˣ֪ԼҪ޸ģҲӲܣǱҪҸ취ֹǡܻʱվ˳
ܻԸͬһ˾֪ԷȻƣҲ
ǿ֪߲㲼µһ֣ҲǾϣȥƻȻһأͻȻ˵һֲĿܡ
ͬ˵һпܾһ塣
Ҫ֪ѾѰ칬˺þˣȴûһһ֮ԼѾȥ˴룬˵һεΪ߳
߳õķҪĳһ°칬˶ôͿʣºܶ鷳
칬λһǱӡĳһط׾򿪷ӡĺ֣ʧȥ׵Ļǿ϶ѡһˣ˵ȻҪȴ칬ѡȡˡ
⡭˵ȷʵԣ⻹пһıһר칬ıܻεĻشһ䡣
ܻȻ嶯ȴɵϸһ룬֪һεһı
칬ֵģôҲûʲôʧ칬ֵĻ칬ڵԣ˵ȫġ
ɶôǵӦô
ǰȥҲǣȥֲģǵ׸ô˭һǣ
һȺͻȻúΣϧûа취ֻܹɵɵĿ
ɣǻѯһ׵Ȼйϵôò顣
΢Ĭһ֮󣬾ͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ϊ飬ȻźǿͨټֶΣôݵĹͨǿġ
ˣ
һܿһֵĲƴ˿
һֵʱ˻ûиܵʲô쳣ɴŹһ֮ռͻȻ漴Ǿͷֿռһ쳣
ʲôһռ䣿
ˣ˵ҪϵףôҪױӡĿռˡ
˵Ǳӡڼ֮أôռ
ȵȣռ仹Ǳòȶˡ
ķ֮ؽϵʱܿǺӰ죬Ҳòͷų㹻ǿֿԼ֮صӰ졣
ò˵ȷʵǿȻҲռ˵ǻһطĻǿҲֵܵסôı仯
ϾҪͨˣʱҪ˵ʲôһҪһ˵סֻӵʱ䣬ֻܹ֧ӡҪطı仯ܹӵʱ䣬Ҫûа취׽
ԭûǸҲûǸ
Ҫ֪ӡס׵ĵطʱ䶼ᱻĵطвĻ˵Ǿͻᱻסʱ䣬Ȼ뵽֮ء
һĻ˵ˣЩ˶ıʱĴ֮С
ǿȻôǿ
İɣǻᾡ׹ͨġ
ܹõ칬֮;Ůϵֹܹһε
칬ڼ򵥵һ֮󣬾;ĵȴ׵ĳ֡

֮أ״ʱȻڷӡУҲڲͣĿ鼮
˵ҲţںϵʱҲ޷뵽˯֮У㿪ʼԼ鼮
ֻһ鼮ЩС˵ɢģȤĹģԼǳдʻαװ
磬ִ֮֮еġƵ
ȻѾӰ˳Ծĵ⻹Ƿȱźܶࡣ
֮⻹һЩ׶ʼĻ䣬Ʒζ
ʮơŶݼ׵ȵȵ鼮׵ļɢɢкܶ౾е鼮ҲһЩЩ鼮Ǻܶ˵ļ⣬ЩһҲͬ⡣
Уһ飬Ȼǵ¾ˡ
һ׷ǳ⣬Ǿǰġ¾ˡ
¾ǵ쳯̵ǿһģûһ˲˵ԡ
ɵǳǳ֮ʼ֮ĸʳޣԹУԹ衣ߣͬͬν֮֮֮š
׵Ļ飬ܿ¾ĵһ¾ͳԺ֮С
Ĭһµʱ׵˼·صʮǰʱ׻ֻǵϵһΪʱͻȻЩѧźܴȤǾûг㣬ǰʣһǳ򵥵ġ¾Ȼȥ
ǸʱȲ˵ܹܲ¾ܹ򵥵ı¾½ڣһǳ˾ȵ顣
½֪֮Ϊ˹ѡ֪֮Ϊƣ˹ѡɣΣӯͣǰ档Ҳʥ˴Ϊ֮£в̣֮ʼУΪѣɶӡΨӣԲȥ
˼Ļ䣬׺ܿˡ¾ĵڶ¡
һΣһŮˣ˵һŮһͬѧһУȴŮͬѧ
Ҳ֪
뵽Ů˵ʱͻȻһӵ
Ҳ֪ôģϸԪںϵʱļǳֺܾǰ飬ܶ౻顣
Ϲˣ顣׷
ͣʹѵ֮ʹΪʹĲҡʥ֮Σģʵ丹־ǿǡʹ֪ʹ߲ΪҲΪΪ޲Ρ
ǵ¾ĵ¡
壬֮ӯԨ⣬֮ڣտ⣬ƻ档᲻֪˭֮ӣ֮ȡ
£˺ܶ顣
زʣΪۻʥ˲ʣ԰Ϊۻ֮䣬ߺС
£ʱ뵽ѣȻűߣ뵽ˡ
ν֮ţνظ棬֮ڡ
쳤ؾáܳҾߣ䲻ܳ
ʥ˺ȣ档˽аܳ˽
ˮˮ֮񣬹ʼڵƵأԨʣţΣܣʱΨȡ
£¡ڰ£ʱ׵ʧˣͽ뵽һ֮״̬֮У״̬Ҫ뾲ʱ¡


292 
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Ȿ˵ѶҪءƵǿӵϵĺܶÿһµ˼ںĸȴÿһ˶ܹġ
磻ɣϣΣΨƴҳɡ
֮״̬֮£ײ֪ľͰѡ¾Ĭ˵ʮһ¡
ʵϣĬһ²̫ʱ䣬ҪÿĬһµʱܻḡֳܶ೾ļ䡣
һʼײЩʲôãԽԽļ֣ôһ
һǡ
꣡
ܽԼ֮ʱͻȻһ뵽ĶУԭǺܴ󣬿ϧ֮״̬ǲܹܵκδŵģ׻ûаԼĶμס˳Ǹ״̬
磬㣡
̫ˣ˵Ƕ֪ûۼû飬ʵġ
һ֮жʱһ
˵ʵ⼸棬ȻһֱΪ칬ɺǿҲΪûżҲ˻ǲǼ󣬱Ͼôǿ󣬵Ը׵ʱλ˭Ҳҿ϶û顣
ֱǼ˻ʵ֮ǳ׵ƽ
򳿡ܻ𡢶εѩ
״֮״̬Ƴһ۾ͿԼǰ˺ܶϤӰЩӰʶ󱲡
е֪׾칬֮е˲֪ԴҼʱֻǳƺΪӡס硣
ʲô飬ΪβϧһҲҪǼңӵʱԼѺ󣬱ʳһ⡣
Ȼûп񣬵ڼ֮طҲֻ֮µܹͨףҵڵĵط
ңǵպĹؼڣֻܹʹһСȻſԴĿռ֮š
ӣ彫칬˵֮ףڻһҪԸ칬֮ǻҪݾð׼ҺҹֱһŮӼ޵֮ȥһɹĻͻõ׼ҺҹҵѪҪǡ
䣡
һȽ֮󣬾Ͱ֪ü׶Ļס
ֻĻмû˵꣬һɿֲϢǱߴ˳
ʵϣЩȻԺ׽ȴ׵ı壬ֻܹһںӣ滹һ׾ͱӡڻ֮С
˵Ǳӡţ֮ǿȻɰݳû⡣
ˣѹҲܹݳǴ״̬µѹЩеǳĿֲ
칬Ϊ˹Уʥô飿΢ŭš
ŭȻǶЩ칬ҲǶ壬Ƕ塣
ΪһԱΪ˷ֹİѡΪðյķʽ뵽˺ƽʱڣ˵ƽʱǶݵģֻҪλʥλɲܹ뵽ս֮УôֻҪȹںڣȻͿԴսʤ塣
Ȼ칬˵˷ɣҪԸ칬ֱԸΪһ칬ĻԻǻսġ
ǧĳޣɲһ䡢仰ܹġ
ڵľƶ칬ǳ˵ӵ칬֮ӵо;Ůλ֮еλȴĸ廹һͻȻ𣬵õһԶŵĴУڶʱھۼÿʥλ۷ʵ˿˵֮Ѿû칬֮ء
ԣڲҳʲôĿģҪֹ˵ܻӰȽϴ󣬵˵ֻˡ
׵ŭ֮󣬺ܿһҲʮŮվ˳칬ĳԱȻԺʵĲ֮£Ҳ칬Ķ֡
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ʵ͸˵Ҫֵı֮ƻûпܵģױǾ漣Ĵл漣
ǲģҲʧܣֻҪһǾͻȡŮ˵ʱ۾ʱһ󾫹⡣
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ݣóսѧԺ⣬ÿһ쳣
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˲ðܹԳҺ˵Ĵڣһҵĵϵ˾ȻҲ칬
ޣô˵أȻǿƣ칬֮𡣡
һЩҵʾ𾪣ϸһ󣬾ַҵǿֻǴǹȥļ֮У칬ǰֻǲ׺һڰˡ
ϾǿҲûλҲû飬Ҳ޷ƿܵظ칬
ԭ֮󣬹ֲʶȻһҾͰ񽻸ˡ׶Ů˼ۣȻ˵
ȻŮ֪ڿֻܹܵԼһǿסˡ
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һռ䲨֮£ܿû뵽Ů֮ڣͬʱһɢͰ׹鼮ǰ
ⱾϢ飡
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ԭˣԭ
Щ󣬵һʱͲµ׵ݣΪװ֮׵Ϣȴ֪
ҲܴҪ˵׾칬֮ģ˵һֻͣаֲ칬ôֲ칬ΪΪУֲáԭ칬֮
Ȿ鼮顶Ƶںӵ޾ͨⱾͨƻԼ
ǵһ֮Լһǿ֮֮㴩գ뵽ļз֮Умֻܹз֮Уý뵽Ӱ硣
֮ܣøκˣҲ칬ͬʱҲӡеļ䡣
׽Ƶظ֮֮󣬻˽ͺ;档
ͺ;ֱӴݵԺ֮еģ˸û


293 ֮ӵŮ
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һõܴ300500ֵС˵
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ǣܹһʫⶼͨ顣
ڸղţ׺칬Ӿһ£һԽֵĴ顣
֮ҵ˾ųɣ׵˵ȫʢʱڵ֮һֻôһ㣬ȴǿᣬ治󡣡ڶ˳Ȼر˿ռвɵĶ֮һ˿ɫ
֮֮ΰ֮ҴӳʱĴ˵¼ϧʱҶΪѾˣ˭ֻǱӡ˶ѣȻѳ֣Ϊβˣѵҵ̫СˣΪѡף
һ뵽֮кֻ֮ܶЩҲʣûж׷ʡ
ȻףҲǲܵģҪȵ׳С
ˣѾףҵõʾ
˼ǧʱһѸղŵ˵һ顣
һ˵꣬㿴˵벻ѾͷͦԣҲһɲǿǡ
񿴵󣬾ͷùȻͬˡ
Ҫ֪ĸ֪Ǻǿģ˲ǡƵ仯֮ϢһƻԼ
ˣװ칬֮;ŮңƾЩԼһ죬׼ҺҹҵĸŮץߡǳϸ˵š
˵֮񻹲סһҪڶʽɵ֮ĸߣһ͵ڻԼһɣֻҪҲĸŮӣôͲܹڽеĻԼȻĻͶˡ
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Ϊص۹ӵܣɾͱ˿ܵ˼룬ڻԼûгʱͰĸŮӴߣôʥȫԷĸŮӣȻĸ
ԼˣôֻܹĸŮӣˣȻܹġ
Уס׵ʱ˵һЩȻĻҵʱǲܹģʧܱɱҲ֡Ȱ˵˳
칬ıݣһҲ¶Ļô칬޲֮ˡ
ȥ׼ɣõ칬飬ҲҪͨʹãֻаµʱ޷ͨһж׷ѡ
󽻴һ䣬ôҿʼִԼ
˵ˣƻԼ⣬Ƕ飬Լ
ڶҪľ飬ǡǻ˺ܶ飬鼮ûԺĲ࣬鼮Ƿǳϡ߹鼮
Щ鼮칬õ˲ͬʱҲǵļʶ֪ʶ
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£㷢ôı仯Һܺ׵Ǹһʲô鼮۲һŮı仯󣬾̲סһ䡣
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ͬʱһŮӵͬϢŮΧ
֮ΧŮתһȦͻȻһȻΪһֻ߹ɺףվŮĸǰ
ŮȻǵõ״ˡ
ڵǰȴ֮ҪϤٴΣǸڵǰһˡ
֮һԼ֮ѾǱһЩݣ֪Ļ֪ᷢĸиţΪòƵõⱾܾˡ̲ס̾Ϣһ
˵ʵһʼҲʲôҲû뵽ȻôȻҪĻ㹻á
ȵȣˣ
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ĸ˵͵õⱾ鼮ʵ̫ˣ׶ȴ׵ľͿˣҪ㼸⡣ص˵
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һʱǷѣǷ˳ȹȹǷõܶô
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ֱ仯Ȼȥûκα飬֪Ǵź֪ܶЩ
ˣûǾͶɣϾԼľеصôԶҪҴΧȻһ칬ǾеǾݣμһεԼ
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칬Ѿȹ̣칬ҲôСм칬ˣҲһͰѵһȵȨְǡ
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칬ֵĻ֤칬ֻûرϲܸ忹⣬칬˳֣Ǿͱǲηҵϣǲ֡˵
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һ䷿棬׵ĸףʥҲʥʱҲż˵顣
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ŮΧվżŮҲҹҵӵܣֻһΪ˹ȻҪǳΪŮС
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ҲģҲԼ˰ڲҹҷǣľȻҪūͣⲻƽ
ߺŮַ˼Ĳ
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ǣŮƿնȴûһռ䲨ݳȥԾλһ̶ûзŮĴڡ
ŮȻˣá硷֮ӰģȻɿռ䲨
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ڣҪ飬ѰҼ޸ŮˣȻһǵ뷨


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296 ʽ
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ЩҲȥӰʼȴʽʼ

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Ĺɡڽ뵽˹㳡룬׼ʼ޻Լ
ڹ㳡ߣʥλǾһԼļ֤ߡ
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˵һǸĴۣҪջ٣ƾҪ鵽ףףʲôô
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Ĵؼ̳Ķ˾ͻԵõصףףûףĺô࣬Ҳһֺô
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ʥѴؼ̳˵˳漴óһ·ʾһȰǵѪҺС
һǰ׼ҵһŮӣԼһ壬ǰ֮붼ûľʹڱƳһξѪȻ뵽˼̳ǰһСС
Ȼ׼ŮӵжԸһжֻǱвŰˡ
ΪÿҪ׼ҵŮʱжһѿǳİʵϾһֲֶΡ
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Цݣʥ˵ĵЦݣΪ֮ΪµģǸ߽ǵ͵
𲽾꣬ڣٶ֮УҲֻɵܹӵкӣǵҲûС
ףЧǿ֮˰ٷְӵкӣͨ൱ǿʹĴҲǳ
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Ϊ棬Ϊ׼ҵ棬һΰжܹ̫ᡣ
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һ˵ţһ߶մһץֱӽĸСƿӴ֮ٻ˳

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ЩʥҪܹõһСƿ׾Ļôǵ֮ͻһСΡ
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˵ģе̫˳ˣ˳ʥееĻţΪ칬һңڲûзκͬʱһлô˳ڣ뵽˱ǰ

ȵȣ
͵ոҪʼĵڶʱҹҵҹͻȻںͣһͣΧʥλ˲еš
λǰҴӣо仰Ҫ˵ҹվͶǱߵʥλһ
뽲սԺԺЩʥλУʥǿĴڣһУҹ˵ȥ
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298 칬
Ҫ֪Ȼ彻ӴٰģΪʱǰӣһͬԸص칬˴۽ȫֱĴС
˵ҹʳЩʱЩԶ塢塢ĴУҲʻ
֮λʥλͬһʱ俴ʥ
Ϊҹҹҵˣһʥѡˡ
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ʥڵǸŮ˵˼ά
Ҫ֣ʥסǶϷΪ˶Ը칬ǲϧһдۡ
ʥʥĶȻ֪ǱɣҹҲǲƽûϣʥһһС
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ҹ壬ʵʵⲻϣ𣿡ʥ;ҹĶǾҹѾʱͻȻһɾǿи˾ȻȻʥҹĿơ
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֮ǰ񶼿˵ܹлҹһҶΪ⽫պ칬عʱ׬ȡĵĺļƻȻһ˫ʤߣô칬Ĵ͸ˡ
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299 ʥĶҡ
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ΪһϳˣͬʱҲԺԺҪְߣⲻΪ˻칬鱨ҪΪսԺ
ԴսԺûһδҵǰԶ뿪սԺӪο칬һ֯͸·ˡ
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ڿռݵ£ʥλҲ뿪ܹУȻǶΣա
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һȥĻȲ˵׼ҡҹҵ˻ô͹ͨİնΪʥࡣ
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칬ˣ칬Ʒ·𳹵ʧһ㡣
ڼʥ׸鼮ѰңջǷˡ
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仰Ǵţ֪ΪʥΪʥλö칬Ҳˣ·칬ӵиȨ
ʥһ뵽칬иȨ뵽ԼڵδͲ֪һҪ칬˵뷨
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˵Ҫ˸µʱ䣬ڵ߸¼ʱͷ׸֮ͻȻĪĲҪߡ
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300 ƷǰϦ
Ϊ֮ı仯еɻʱʱҲͻȻҵ
ˣ֪ΪͻȻܵһ״Ȼǹ״ǳСȴʵʵĸܵ˷·һٻҡܵʱΪԼĴɾ̲֮סĹѯһ¡
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Ҫ֪֮˿֮֮İһͳĴڣ֪йĴں˭ԼһΡ
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һ׳Ļ֤ʱҪʼˣʱѾˣԵʱҲˡϷ˵
Ϊһ˲֪೤ʱĴڣϰı仯ʱıǨȻб仯бǨ֮УֻһΪӵģҲΪȤġ
߰ɣеˣȥӭ׵Ļع顣Ϸ˺һȻŻָɫҶɭֵһץ

һץܿǿĴ紵ͬʱƷʼССһɫСڡ
ˣҪ𣿡ı仯󣬱Ҳеࡣ
ϣо԰ȫĵطɭ־һ˵Ƚϰȫĵط˼طе飬ΪطĻеź
ҪǰĻôƿӡһ˲䣬ͻӦ쳣һ巢쳣Ǳض¸йϵ˵
μӷӡ׵ľֻʥʥԼ
ʥʥͲ˵ˣǾǲϣ׻ȥģǲʹֶ׻
ȻʵҲϣȥ˰ҲȥףҲܶ׷ˮ
ˣΨ쳣˻ɣ˵ЩϿ˵Ҫ߳⣬ôλ붼֪Ĺ
һĻɭҲȷʵûа취ˣΪ칬Ը忹⣬ɭֱƽҲֻѡ
˵Ļ񻹲ֱӷú״ǰ˵İȫ֮ء
ˣô˵֮ȥϾǵŵһ䡣
ԴӾϴεѾԼ칬һԱÿֵʱ̲סԼĽǶȥһ⡣
ڵ⣬һ뿪ɭ֣ͬʱֱ׷ɱĻǵ׸úȥδӡ
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ЩŸһʣҲ͸ɴ˵˳
ˣھ߰ɣѾǷٻֻϧһʼû뵽һ㡣ֶ˵һ䣬һ㣬һŻ
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ףﲢǼ֮أһΧ󣬾Сһ䡣
뼫֮ػһЩ룬λ׿ǷǳӵģǲûֶΣҴֱӽȥĻ˲ͻᷢ쳣һ
Ϊ飬ľеġ
ԭˣôҪйȥ𣿡һһ䡣
ҡҡͷ˵ţһȥˣϾǹȥҲﲻæ
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ЩȻΪ޷ӭ׸еƣǼȻܹ칬ȻͶһЩʹ֮ǵȷʵѰæ
ȻܰæôҲûʲôܱȹȥҺһ㡣
Сĵţһﲼʥλ֪󣬳λ·˵֮⣬κδڶ޷֪ǡһ˵ţһһС
Ķһܿһɫ֡
ֱ֮ӷ뵽ɭֵϷһͱһɽǴ濴ȥǴɽþ֪ҲǴɽ
ֻڴɽڲˣĲɫ
Щ֮뿪ԣ׵ķӡ֮ء
׵ķӡ֮Ǽ֮صĺĴյֶΣҪСʱܵ

Сʱ򣬼֮ġ
״ʱԶŻ֮ڣĿǵ֮
ϸԪںڳɹˣ־Ҳ뿪ݣֻݲûʧҪȥ֮ݣһ߳˱ݣҲ͵վϵϷ壬ʱҵ뷨ҵԸԼҵ칬᳹չ֮ϡ
׵ЩҲЩƽ
Ϊ֪ԼܿҪʵһЩˣƽǿ֮㹻ţЩſױúƽ
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ĸֿԺܺõ֤㣬ʱۡ
Ժеļ˵ʱС˵Ӱᵽġ۵ıҪǰǣĿάռ֮ġάʱ䣬ܹ󵽹ȥ
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ڵϵʱ׿һۣ˰ʱ۷ֳ
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AصȥAĸ׳ǰɱA游ȻA游ͲAĸףûAĸףҲAȻAڣͲܻصȥɱA游
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ĳ˵δ֪ҽAʵ˱⵼½жBôAδûзͲ֪ܵAABۣ
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˵ûȥıʱ䣬ʱȷʵǲԵġ
˵ǣҲ֪ǳʲôΪûѲ֮ʵԣͻȻ뵽֮Ǳߡ
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칬Ӧͥһγȥ֮칬ųƺѾʺˣͥòҲʱչ˵ǰˡ
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칬ͥǵ쳯Ĵ˵УۡʴۡԼڶɾסĹ
鼮ϵļأǾԴ̹ƺɣӴңң֪Σĸ֮ңңȥػˮΪƣ㲼ؼΪһ졣
ⷽ˵쳯һͬĸǾоء족ʣΪࡣеľֻ֣Ϊֵ֣С֮⡣ָм༫ءָ֮ߴ
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ڲվӵĻô͵жд̣ᱻɱֺ󻼡
ĴУǻѡսӵģ۹׼ȷΪҪһ칬Ϊ칬һģĿ԰칬ϵһ໥Ρ໥
ٿˣǹĶǣ㴦ڽ״̬ʱʱ̿öԷأͬһ˳УмһЩôͻ໥¼ɣȻ߽⣬˵ǿᣬȴӵòȫȥԸˡ
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λͬһʱ̼¼飬һ齫ΪɱĽڡ
׶̫ĹףһɱףͻᱳһڿǵȻˡ
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һ׼˲䣬ʱһǿĽһνᴩգҲᴩ˴ء
󣬼֮İе˾Ϳ֮ضΪһѾ޽޽Ľɡ
޾Ľ֮У֮⣬еʡռ䡢ʱͳͳ÷顣
ȻͷųףҲ˲ɫΪ԰ס
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ּˣСС롢ӡ׳ȻȵͬʱֱλΧסȴһ㶼£ǳƽĸһк
źǣλе̫ˣ׵к֮󣬾Ȼû˿ıʾֻĶס


4 µĲ²
׿߶սֻǶԼȴ˵ôһš
˵ڵѾļǿˣɱϾϵ䣬ҲûʥʥڰУر󣬿ɱ飬Ҫǿϰٱ
ڣ˵ΪΣյĴڣǵĻҪԼ֮ľӿֲ
Һã׵˲ڴԼдô鼮ЩλҹȻɱףǲҹףֻܹΧĿռ䡣
֣Ҳֻֻܹ֣ƵģǾǶãܹ˼׵ĸǶ⵽Ӧ
ĵˣλ˭ҲֻǶ׿ûκʵԵΪ
֮У̫Сˣ̫߿ԼˣȻΪһ£仰Ͱ˵ķѣǿЦ
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Ϊӵ൱ϸԪͻȻԺ׵ľ͸Ӧλãйͨ
񣬱칬׼졣ҵ׾Ͱи񴫵һϢ
֪ҲæϢڶ칬ֻǲʲô˼
˺һ˲ŷ׷¶𾪺ϲõ飬Ȼ뵽Щʲô
׵ı崦˿ȴŰĻ
ף칬Ѿ㣬ѡһˣȻƷû顢û㣬ܹʲôΪл֪黹̼ףȻ䡣
ܲƣϧ֪칬Ҳ֪칬֮˭ǲ˵仰ġ׶ŰеһЦȻһ䡣
ʲô˼пó׵ı鲻٣Ҳ˵֪顣
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ͻıʣðһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôˡ
ףڷӡڼܹϵ칬ͬʱҲܹΪ칬¡ʥʲôĲ飬һ顣
ֻʥ˵Ǿ仰ɫͻȻһȻص˵ףҸǿӦе𾴣ȴ˵ḡĳƺһҪǸ

ʥĻһɱ˵ĸоôһһ飬Ǿǲ֪˵Щʲô
ʵϣʥ˵һûУΪλǿߣʥǰס׵ʱȷʵǿӦеأڵıȻڿԱȣ˭е޷ܡ
οʥղŵһȻʥһǳӵ
뵽֮ױһȻҲ˵˵ûΪʥҸոյĻȷʵĵطһǸ
ױֵķǳϿңҲǿӦе𾴡
ʥͻȻеҲǲ岻αα
ܺãҽĵǸı䲻һ뷽跨ɱʵʥĵͷȻס
СʥʥڷΧĿռ䣬ȴֲҷȻټԼ¹ɱңźĿռƻЩʥλҪչǲܵģ˲ǵϢٶȣǸٶȣҪӡ׵ǸϺ󣬾Ϳʼ˵˰Ĵ㡣
ǵȵ𣬷ֻҪܹɱ㣬ôǼӻǼСʱνĿף·ҪĿɱһ
ΪǿλбͬʥʥǰΪһףֻϧס岻ͬҹҵҹ޷λã޷ӵģ֮ио칬֮Լĵˣֻ׺ҹĵˡ
ˣһŮˣһȴĺӣУͬʱҲûƫƫоɱǣⲻò˵컯Ūˡ
ҪһԼͬھĻ׽ʽˣ칬Ҳֱᣬֻϧ˭Ҳû׶ŰҡҡͷȻͶһץһٻԼǰ
ռ䲨ֱԽǵĿռӡ˲Ŀռ䣬ôܡʥײǴīӡȡ鼮ٻһ鼮ʱеһȡ
ΪѾΧĿռ䣬Ǽλģ˵ʱףҪסӲŶԵġ
׾Ȼǵٻһ鼮
Ҫţʱ顶硷飬ӵܵظķܵظܹ룬ȻԴԽǵĿռӡֻ׵޷ӳһǲõġж鼮ǱȽ˽⣬æʥš
ò˵Ļãղڡ硷ֵ˲䣬ʥе㶯ҡ˵֮ҲȻˣס
УұΪѾܴˣϧһǸ߹ˡеĻ֮󣬲û¶źʧı飬¶һı顣
飬е㲻ڵĳΪհǵ뷨ӦõԼİȫŶԣ˭֪״ʼնÿŰС
ղŵ仰˵ЩѾѰУҲ뵽ˣھȻûס
ûףʥҲûףǴױͿóһǳҪ
һʼҲΪƣװѡ硷ת֮ûƭˡ
칬ķףѡôײ׵ľͰѡ硷ԭٻ
ֻٻ硷ֳжΪֻ칬׵ԭĻͲһˡ
λǰҪġ硷ԭٻһ󲿷ֵ֮£ķʵ̫ˣ칬֮ôԲ֡
ȵȣ칬֮Ǹص칬֮ΪҪôףΪʲôҪϢݵӡڼ֮صףΪʲô׳Ϲϵ鶼ףʲôֵ칬֮ΰĴزǡ
ڡ
ʱ̣ڱεѣļ֮£뵽һǳµʵ
ڰûпʳԼûлش£ֻһµĲ²⡣


5 硤ƪ
нϵһ뵽һܣһеµĿܡ
ⲻܵģⲻⲻʵ𾪵Ŀף֪Ѿˣѵһţ޷Լڵ뷨
˵޷ǰʵ
һԵʥʥҲе޷ܣΪǿ𾪵ı󣬾ʹ²µ˰ǸҪʳȴûʣûʵĻ
ףѵ칬֮⡶硷͡Ͷ򴫡дģ
գʥʳ⡣
ò˵ǰʥǴû˵ˣʥǰУ鶼ûһ˻ȥ롣
ǵ칬һλľŮ˾͸Ϊ칬֮һʵھŮ֮ϵĴڣŮôΪ칬¡
Ȼڵ˵Щܹٻ硷ԼͶ򴫡һ顶ƵֻһΪǾױЩˡ
ЩˣôҲˣֻ칬֮
ʥĻȻǿ⣬Ҳп칬ĻӣϾŶô칬֮ôдó顣ʥе㲻š
˵ĳɳںСһ20궼ļһûпܳΪ칬֮Ҳд飬ο顣
֮⣬ʥ׵ҪһɣǾ칬ľŮȷʵǿܵظʱǶܵ˾ŮϢǾŮϢҵʥλż
˵λĳ֣ܵظĳ֣ԼŮֱӹϵ
ǿߣԳȷʵǰ׸Ƿڵλ϶ѣȻͻȻ˵Լ칬֮λľŮֻ£úò׳Ϊλôܡ
ףҪˣְϷˣ칬ʲôɫ֮㶼һʥűһ仰Ҳ֪˵ģ˵Լġ
ǲҲûʲôΪʵ֤һУϧ̫ʧǰСʥʥǶҺʧ׶һЦͽٻ˳
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ڣΧĿռ䣬ּΪǿķԾҲ޷ȥǽӡ
Ҫ֪ķӡǷֹ칬λ׵ģȴͻȻԼ칬֮
УѾóʣǴд飬һڡ硷д칬֮ǱҪȥӡ֯д顣ʥ֪ʥʵڶģ׵漣ƭֶΡ
Ͼƭ˲ٴΣʥھƭǣԴǴ򿪿ռ˲䣬ĳֶߡ
ˣʥػʥѾˣ޷ȷжϣŻʰС
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪
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˵ʱ򣬰ж֪Լȥˣڸо׾һô塣
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ȻΪʥ֪֮飬֪֮Ĵں״ܹһĶɼ֪֮飬Ҳ벻֮ȻҪһ࣬ԲʧȥҲʧȥ
˵ְ֮ףû֮Աĺá
һߣ׼ԼѾ˵ʵǰСʥʥȴԼҲĳ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͬʱҲǵģôʵɲңȻ˾ͱˡ
ڰ˵仰󣬾Ϳʼˡ硷鼮Ȼڵؽƪ棬һƪ
ͥоأʮ졣
䣡
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ʮ칬Ϊ幬عʹ㺮
ͥա̫Ǿ̫Ǿֵֵʱ108ޡĴʦʮޡҫǹ١塢
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Ϣͬʱ׻īӡ֮óһƿļƷָ֮Լ
ֻǣڵ֮εǿᣬԼ֮£Ҳָһɵ֮
ڳ֮⣬׻ûĻָҩóҩ󣬰вһѪΪ׾
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ΪҪǣҩԼģ뿪ʱн׵ģǱߣȻǴõˡ
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׾İ׵֮ʱָֻɡ
˵׾ָ˷ѣΪֵõģֻҪͥɹһжֵõġ

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˵ó׾еǰգΪĵڵ״
˼飬벻칬֮֮ǰĵһ칬֣ʵедˣֻϧʱ׵Ե칬ûг׳֣㹻ٻ칬пЦĿһУ׾칬֮ˡ
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˽£ܹľԼ¶ѡ
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ɶֱ赲дĻͲᷢӳ顣ʥҲ̲ס˵һ䡣
һˣûǣԼۡ
ʥۣǾһҲܴﵽĴڣܳΪƾһ֮칬忹⡣
ˣдƪʱǶΪƣ˭Ҳû뵽ʾд磬Ȼôǿ
ǲ̫ģȻ֪׾칬֮ô֪칬ҲһλĴڶѣԼ죬ҲܹȥֻҪǻȥ֯Ե˼칬칬أضսʤ칬л칬ϵĹֺͿʼһսȥ
ھ߰ɣǿܹģѾɱˣЩʥλӲָ˵ǻҪ׷ɱʥȻģҲ֪ʵ
֣ͥλҲֻܹ˱ᡣ
һײͥǣ˵пܻ
ΪλΪԼ忹׵ϣһɱôͻ֮֡
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Сʥʥ뿪ǰ˵һ܌ŵĻ仰㲻вֻǷйǵĲʶѡ
칬ֵڣ׿Ϸˣеˣ˭Ҳ벻׾Ȼ칬֮
λвҲǵһЦȻ󷽵˵߰ɣҲɱǣҲɱЩʥλȻֵͥӣͥ£ɱκһ
仰һ˵꣬һͣ½ŲΪ仰ǵսԳԾͱζ·׽첻ɱ¾Էһ㡣
ʵϣ׹дͥѾˣȻͥѹǿᣬʱ׻ûа취ɱλȻ֪һ㣬ɰǲ֪ҲϣǿһߣҪԼԾװװӡ
׵һʼ˺ƣΪӸ׽һ뿪ȥ㱻һҲһЩ
ɵǿ׵ͻȻΪĻ߳ɿģǾͰ̾һȻ׷뿪


7 ͥաͥ
ֱ˿̣ڴΣ֮г׽˳
ڡ硷ǿ֮£λҲͣȻϣɱףɷǿڣҲڴȥҲͽͣпֱܳʡ
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Ϊ˵еͥΪ߹ʥĵطͥȻǴŴ󷨡
ЩڡͶ򴫡硷жûᵽķȴΪͥ˳ͬʱҲϵġ硷Ҳƾճ˺ܶͼֻЩͻȻһ鼮֮Уױ˶޷ֳ
׿вûиˣһɵĵǡ
־ڸд飬ˣҵ鼮ҵ鼮뷨֣ͥҲӲķ򡣡뵽Ȼǿɬ
Ϊд硷ٻͥĴڣȻϣܹͥһͳĵزȻͥȴҪܵĹϽǾ޴֮һ
˵ͥʼˣֻˣҰͨ鼮ύ編編ڽ־ͥһͥŻ֣ǳΪͥĹߣżȨޣͥˡ
׿еı仯ͻȻ֮뵽һ㡣
˼͸˲ͬΪ˼ο־γΪͥˡ
ı飬ǾԲôģϾ֪־˾Ͳ࣬˵Ҫ־
ǣ֪һ˶־˽⣬־
һҪ֮İô˵Ҳ칬ĳԱ飬תΪ࣬һͥɹ칬ĳԱȫ֮󣬶ҪҵϣʱܹйĹ¡
׷ԼԽǿ󣬶Խе⡣
ڲ˼ЩʱΪͥûг׵дϣ֮Ѿָ˵˰˳ɵĵزʱдͥˡ
ȻҲʼΪͥ󷨣ôҲʼͥǿػ󣬻Ԫ󡣡
׵ļУԪǸݺܶ伮񻰳󷨣ഫϹʵۿӺͼãݺ֮֮һ
ûҪˣԪ󲢲ػͥģΪػ硣
ͥ磬粻ͥ硢ͥͬĸ״̬⣬ǾһңͥҵĻʹƿһеĴڡ
ʮڵطͶĹϽΧ
ˣػĻԪŻǳǿ
ԪȫǷպϹɽȵĲֶ裬ɭ󡭡
׷ܱʼ飬˿ںÿһֶһ֮дͬʱͥҲͻȻһϵϢ
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Ϊ˼ǣдԪʱͻȻһľ޴ͻȻ˲С
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˻ԪͼֱĸӡеĽҲ˵ֻҪҴŻԪͼ͵һΣյĻͿͷŻԪͼֱȡͥٷ֮һһСĵĻԪ󱣻Լǹˡ
һ׵ĺٶȶӿˣΪԪͼֱһɱƾԪͼױӵ˿λ
ԪͼҲ׸еǿϧ
һ㣬ǾǻԪͼҪܵģܵķ뵽ȡſͷŻԪ
ڶ㣬ǾڵͥͶ򴫡˵ǰ޵дڵͥͥٷ֮һҲܹλѡ
֮ͥôΪĵȼ͸̫Զξ硢ͥȻˣȴûκε顢ˡ
û顢˵ֻͥһ߿տǶѣĻȻûжˡ
ͥλȫλĻôͥȻͻģҲҲûа취ͥͺñȵһͳ
һȻоͥûеҲԽܡ
ԪѳɣǶˡ
׿һͥȻдͥһҲһǳǿᣬԺɽᲢ۵Ĵ
ǶǶ̫һԻá
ͬڶ伮ļϣΪǶǽʮǳ֮ټ̫̫Ϊ۶ɵĴ
ǶޱȣɱϹͥĻͬΪͥǿ󡭡
һ׾ͿʼдйǶ䡣
ôҪʮ˴ǳᦣӦʮǳȻҪһǧ˰ٸСǳᦣӦһǧ˰ٿŸǳħ֮һħһǳͿ׵Ƕ󡣡
ʮ˴ǳΪһǧ˰ٸСǳΪɡħΪ֦Ҷǳ֮ϵһǺƴޱȣ硣
дʱֳͥ˼ı仯˵ֳ˼ı仯
ԭʱ磬ǵ׿ʼдǶɫʼն뵽һƬڰ֮С
ǣȻ뵽˺ڰ̫ûʧǼ߹֮ϡ
ͬʱҲͻȻ֣̫Զһɢҫ۵Ľâһɢ͵â
ʱ׾֪̫Ѿ˱仯
ԭˣ̫ѾΪһˣպ̫Ͳ̫ͨͥգҲͨͥ¡
Ϊ칬֮ף˿Ϊ̫֣ͬʱȷǵĹ


8 ʥ֮
̫ࡢ塢壬Լ˵Ǹ߸ϣ޷ĴڣȻȴƾš硷һ飬Ӳİ̫칬Ʒΰ¼Ͽ˸
˵ݹ磬ҲֻԶʱڵһЩ¼ܹˡ
ӴԺա½λ칬С
ȷµĹֶ֮մһ
仰һЩڱͥݵʥλһʱ䶼¶ŵɫ
׿ʼд󷨵ʱͥλʥλĿѾôǿˣʱ򶼻ָʶֻж㡣
ܣģô칬ġ
ȵȣ̧ͷϿ̫ĹâıˣϢҲıˡ
̫Ҳˡ
Ѳɣ칬Ŀ̫һĻĸ칬Ķ֡
ô칬ôôͨ
ЩʥλŸջָʶûãһޱȡ
Уǲ֪׾칬֮ǿҪ֮صʱ򣬱Ѿͥסˣû׺λĶԻ
Ļǵ𾪾Ͳһˡ
ˣ³׵ˣѾʧȥ˸칬ֲʱ칬֣ԭһֱı顣
ҲƷ칬Ҳƿ£ڿʼԵʱѾˣպͻ칬ʱ
Ҳô˳ʷ̨ҪǶܹܣοڵ칬ŵǿᣬǲûлᡣ
ǧñһʱô꣬Ŀ칬֮ס
Ͽս죬¿ռأ̫Ϊ칬ƷҲη塣
ŽһģܵҲã칬ҲգǶ׷ʥĽŲս󡣡
סʥλڶݵ𾪺ã֮ͻȻ˲ָơ
ҲǣܹΪʥλĴڣɲոֻ飬ֻĻܣҪżǿ־С
֪۵ĵ߸ʥλĴڶʱʧǣҲֻǶʱѣֻҪǾͿҵԼıģָ̬

֮أΧ
칬ǲ˼Ŀյֱ仯ҲͥǿѹѹƵĹ˵Ͼþòֻܹܶ˵ʶ칬
ȻǣЩ칬û̫ܵӰ죬ֻǸܵͥǺƴƴǸе𾪡𾴣ȴûп־˼롣
Ϊ·ǵЩѧϰ֮칬һ̸ǸܵԼڱ
˵ôӵʱ䣬ֱӾǵΪ꣬˵һӵһꡣ
ΪһʿʵսĻܾΪпܶ򲻹һ˶ꡢߡ
ʿΪﵽ˰꣬ôֶѹκһߡ
ʿΪﵽǧô߾ͺһϸ£ɵĺôԽԽǿۼƵ֪ʶԽֶ̣Խ㷺
ĶԱ߿ԴֳȻʿҲǿ˾ͬΪʥλĴڣκһʥλĶ֡
ǿֻҪɱ񶼿ԽԷɻɱ
ɱԷǶҪʮɵֻҪ߰˳ɾ͹ˡ
ΨһλڣŲǶֻ֣ǵԵĻȴԱֶΡ
ҪǻʥλǵλǸոսλҲ߶ΪĲࡣ
Ȼ칬ͻȻΪͥĳֶõ˻ΪһӵһٶȿţҲЩ֪׿еʱˡ
Ҹܵһµ鼮ʱѾʼˣǽʱߡ
ֻܹܵȻ칬ȷѡ񡣡
ϵĹѾˣһƣûв´ĻｫǼҪȥĵط
칬硢ͥһжͬλһ㡣
칬ǸпѣһʼΪ칬ȷѡ칬ѣ칬ִѹǶΪ칬ǡ
ڣʵ֤һ㣬Щ칬ĳԱҲҪһɳˡ

ʥء
ʥҹʱҲòŵ鿴ϵһС
ʥû뿪ʥأû׵ԣ֪̫ѾΪ칬Ʒ
ǣȴ֪ѾƷˣҰеһʱǰ׵ķӡص㣬Ȼټ˶ʮʥλִѧʿ𣬴ȥѻס
ɾڸղţͻȻǿ󣬶ҲͻȻʥء
Щʥ֪Ǳ߳飬Ҹ칬ǰٷְ벻˸ϵǺΰĹһ㡣
칬㵽ʲôĴڣΪλӵųԽ֪ʶΪܹ̫ΪܹڰһΪѵԶӵʹ鼮飿ҹҲ֪Լ顣
ͻȻ뵽֮ΪһӦģΪΪܹһ㣬ͬʱΪ칬崴ģôһϾһλдʥλ
칬ƫƫֻһЩС࣬ףҲ൱һʥλѣʥλǿ
Ȼ뷨߸ǰס
칬֮ǰ˵µʱ٣ʱֻǰŰɣȴ֤ʵһ㣬˿һӦø칬Ӵһ£칬Ӵֻºˡʥ˿̸ӵϣӴ칬Ȼ칬к
һߡ
ºҲڱ仯ֺ󣬾ĶϵĹ
磬ڿʼдˡѾкܳʱûϵˣ˵˶˵ˣ֪ǻŵġ
ǣڳʱû׵Ϣ˵²ǾǼٵġ
ںˣͥ˲䣬¾֪һж׵ֱۣͬʱҲ֤⽫һʱõ˼дƪ
Ͼ֪׵дܵظʱ򣬻ǽҡۡʱ׸деĵؽƪ
С¶ǵΪҲڿţǸʱ伴ˡҲ˷ܵĿ칬
֮˷ܣ׺ܿͻغ׼档
Ȼո뵽ʱ򣬾ͻȻеһǿϮһµӣͳǵǰ
У
˵Ӱɫʱһæһٻ
ҲͬˣʱȻʲô顣
벻׾Ȼ칬֮õôǿֻҪ֣ôס


9 
иһºߣ˵칬֮ܣһ˵꣬º鶼һ㶣Ȼû뵽л˵ܡ
ֿɣƾСŮ޷ߵ
º𾪵ı󣬰о͵¶һ˿ЦݣȻҲԵĸеһڶ
ȻһʼͱˣˣôҪǵ׵İѱܹܣѱº顣
Ȼ֮⣬׵ͯͽܡѩԼǸ̵ȵȡ
ֻǻκˣ֪׵Բº飬ɰеȻǡ
ԭˣ벻¾ȻѾ֪ҸݣֻҲ˲СĿǻġµתϰе飬ԼЩ˰е
˵иոձҪȻҲ˲ݵץǣ²Գ֡
Ͼµ˲ףǵǿҲֻҪųһִѧʿһԸ㶨
ٲãһʥλѹԣɹؼĹؼоȻôɴ˿ɼԳ벻顣
ʦĸʲô飿¸ո˵ʱ׵ͽСаҲڳ˳
ڸղţСаͻȻܵԼĹӣǳ֮С
Ҫ֪СаרߣǴߣڶϢĸӦѾһĽʿˣԺɵľ͸ܵ˰еĿֲϢ
Са¡ǵĹϵǲ˵СаǶ󣬵׵ͽܣǰֵĺǫ
ҪǣСаΨһͽܣҲǰݼڡ
Ե¿Са˵ˣλڣǰһڰǰ򲻹磬鷳ˡ
Ծ仰ȻǿΪ֮ǰʲôʵ仰СҲӹĶ䡣
Ե˵֮󣬰еɫʱ÷ǳѿ
˻ʥУʱ׵СҲˣкȻеһȡ
ͬʱӰҲǾǰѩ
оȻͬʱ֪칬飬鷳ˡѩɻϢѾﵽ۷壬·ʱпܳΪ
԰е֮£ѩ֪ûκεʤ㡣
УΪʥڵλȻҲԴС飬ѵͲų𣿡˵仰
ѾǵǸɵɵͯˣ⽫һʱѾƾšͶ򴫡Ƶ̥ǣΪеٮٮߣһżᶨ֮ġ
źǣɸв̫Զ
˵ֻ̣ǵ˵ߣϣǽôɡ
以һ˵ֱֻ꣬ӳĸ֡


һƬʱһȻµ˾ͶԼĸ֪˲併˼ޣеξͽʧҰΧʱСʮײ
ǰеֶΣַӡռ䣬һǿʱȥ
ɶ̫ǿˡ鿴һΧʱеһơ
û취ǿֻһѣɰȷʵһɣߵĲܹݵģ˰ǳֵĻûС
ֻ£뿪иһԱֶΡ
С¶ǸɣҲֻܹﵽˡԼ˵Ķûбƣæһ顣
ɣʱҲֻܹﵽˣһʹĻȻͻᾪʥأʱĸ׺пվһߣϾݼʱΪĸ׵Ҫѡ񡭡Ҳͷ
ֶͨΣѾ֪ʥйĳԼԼǱǲܵκ˺
ԣʥ֪ãһҪ֪ĻضܵԼķɡ
ţһ׼ѪԴٻʥ
׼
¡ŮǸѩʹһԼߣȻͷ׷ױƳʮľѪáסʥֳѪ׼Ȼǿҵĺʥ͡סʥԭ
䣡䣡
ŮĺķӡܿͿʼ
Ȼӡֹºٻʥĸ֪Ҳˡ
ò˵͹һֶΣ˸е⡣
ɶ񣬷򱻸ˣҪһ©·־Ѫ޷׼ȥ󣬸æŰѩһ䡣
ǿľǰѩˣֻаѩܹﵽǡ
ѩȻʱվ˳
ѩһȭߣԴдԶо⡣
Ϊһޣѩһ·ߵףȻ޿һ
ڣѩҪ֤һԼһĳɹԼ־
ѩ󣬾ͶķһץȻͽһѷڷеıȡ˹Ҹߺѱ֡
һϿգ
ϿսеĽҪڼǵԼĲϲܹһļƷ
ѽֺ󣬰еķӡ˲ֲ£Ȼܵ˲Сĳ
Ͽս벻뿪ʥǰҲˡİп˶Ͽսжʱ͸еһ
˵λûа취׷ӳȫΪһȫͻᱻʥ֪
еȻҲ֪ʥͺܶʥλǩ˱µЭ飬һЩ˵ע⣬ǾͿ϶¡
ˣȻܹԷĸ֪Ҳܹʹóɵһɱض֪ġ
λȻǿᣬҲֹܹµٻʥѣڰѩͻȻóһѶϿսŰѩ۷ȫһûаա
ǸķͬҵĺӣΪʲôһôǿᣬһô
Īģʱ뵽ǸϵĺӣǸ׾ͱĺӡ
׸֮ĳɳ֮𣬵˵ĳɾȴ޷Ტۡ
Ҿ󣬶һ޴
һϿգӡƣ
ڰѾʼٻ׼ҵ˹æʱѩǱҲڷ˹һǿһ
һѩĿֻһǾƾŶϿսΧĿռ䣬һռ飬еķӡҲͲơ
飡飡飡
ȻѾܵŵķӡټϰѩһ˲Ϳʼ顢߽⡢ȻռʥصķѸٻظ顣


10 һ
ܵˣҸܵϢ
׼Ѫٻʥ
ռָĹ֮Уºڸܵ˷Ϣ
ϣǷǳҪĴڣĳһطˣڸܲô³սʹò
ս֣Ϊòֶ֧
ˣвŻʹøղŵǿӡֻϧ޷ʹ̫
ˣ
ºѪҺ֮󣬺ܿʹ
ķкܶ࣬ҲִСǿǿǹ̶
κΡ׼ӷǿȣ׼оͰ;ѪǸʥйص;Ѫӵá
Ȼ˵ӵйϵ;ѪֻҲ΢΢ͬͬʱ׼ô϶ӦйϵǸˡ
Ϊº׼ʥǱߵʥһʱ͸Ӧǵٻ

ʥأµ
ʱʥһȺʥٿŻ飬ݾǷµ
ȻʱʥͻȻһ㶣ͿԼīӡ
ʥ궯ٻʥ
ʥʥﱣ棬˵ʥӦµ˵ٻҲһʱ͸֪һ㡣
ʥͻȻһ޴̡
ǿϢ֡
ʲô˭ٻ򣿡
ڳʥһ󣬶̲סһ䡣
ٻ򣬶ٻʥٻǳǿ󣬾ҲֻܹʱѹơʥûеһʱſʥĿƣ˼
ܹٻʥĴмȾףξ飬֮ǵǲμЩˣȻ߹ĹЩǵˣԼ߹ûٻʥҲ˵ףºˡһʥ˵е뷨
ƽʱڣǺ߹ǱȻûٻʥ
ϾǸʥϵܵٻʥҪļ۵ģס¡ͲͬˣǶʥżϵ¡ֻҪѪͿٻ
׵ĻֻҪͨϵͿٻ
ಣ
ʥ˼˭ٻʱͻȻһ鴫ֱµڻΪһ֡
Ȼ˵¡鹥飬ʥΧʥֺɫʱһȻʥæɿ˶ʥͬʱƿ뿪µ
ҲǸæΪǵ뵽Լĳ

һߣʥſ˶ʥ֮ʥʥһµ˵ǰ
ػ
¿ʥֺ󣬶ʱԼע뵽ʥ֮С
󣬺ܿнٸӢֱӳµ˵ЩӢȫǱģвﵽʥλǿӢ顣
˵ЩʥλӢսޣĵһʥλãǵҪܳڣ֮Ҳ˲µ˵
λĸ֣һʥλѿ⣬ʮʥλͻλһֽţʮĻλҲһȫɱ϶ҧĵ
ǴﵽɼҲǵɡɵĳ̶ȣôʱʥλͲˡ
Ȼ˶̵ʱ͵õôӢ飬ʥĴڣʥۼȥĻò˶ãʥͻӵпλʥ飬һֱӡпʥܺ󣬲ɵһɶ
ڰ˵׵ԽǿպԽӵļѣѾ׳׾ˣ׻칬֮ͬʱһĻ֮պضһ䡣
Ŀǰ֪Լʱڽףô˱ضʹ
ȻĻѵᣬȻŹˡ
ҹѾҪƾն׼ȻһҲûбҪ˼ˡпʥֺͻȻչӴ
֮£ͻȻ鼮Χʮ֮ڷɱʮ֮ڰеԶʱ
ǳֺ󣬱㻯Ϊһǿκ˿Ƭ
ҪңԵʴȾǶԼ̣һ׵ġҽֻǴסǣҾɱǡжµ˵˵һ䣬Ͷһץֱӽһ˸ߵľ޴鼮ٻ˳
Ǳ顭Ȼǡħ١ѩã鼮ֺжʱһ
ħ٣ԶŽ飡
һġħ١һ޾Ϊħ塯鼮ϸļ¼嶼ΣħϢ
ѩ˵֮󣬰ѩ鱾ܵľ˵һĴ塣
񣬡ʥеһ֡
Ҳʥеһ񵥣ֻǶ๫İ񵥣ǽһСϲ֮С
¼鼮ȫǱȽΣյʥ顣
磬ʹùġǧǾǽʥ顣
ڰóĽ飬ΪֲĽ飬ֻǰ˵ӦһֱӡŲŶԣ˭ڰоȻΪʥ㶯
Ҫ֪ǧʱε󸲸ʮǣʮڼǧ࣬Ƕ뵽ξ֮УҲ޷ѹҲ˵ġǧѾǧ˵
һħ١ӵĿֲ
ʮǰħĵһ飬Ȿ鼮Զŵħ׷ħ磬ħٵϴλڡҲԴʧм˶ԡħ١ⱾЩ˽⣬вôף͸ϸĽһ¡
˵пںĽܣʵ˶ſ־
ħ١Դǿ־塢η塢̰ȸܹáħ١øǿ
У𣬼Ȼ֪һаΪλҪʹһ顣꡶ħ١󣬶ʱ԰дһ
Ǻ˰У벻װΪҪһ
ϾĻСְʥصΪĵطѰееż񣬿һж߸еܲˡ
˵棬˱ħ֧Ŀ־壬Ҿٶһ㣬Ȼֻ׷Ҳǳ·˵һ䣬Ǳˡħ١Ȿ顣

鼮һ˲䣬ʥصϷʱͳһ޴ĺڶ
ڶ˲䣬µ˾͸ܵаٵʥ֮УͬʱкܶаǵԺ֮С


11 ħ
ѡħ١˵һ鼮ݳһԿףһѿδ֪ʱյԿס
Ǹʱգħʱա
ʥصĵ伮أԶʱڣһħڻԵɺ֮磬Ǻͳһѡ
ΪףȻһͦʼԿħƾƣԼɹħ
ţһս֮֮ħħڵ磬ҳɹնɱеħֹħպٶȽ硣
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ⳾ʷҲھ˳ͬʱдΪʷǡ£Щ鱻дԽԽӽʵֱĳһɲ¶һ󲿷ֵʱħڽ鼮ˡ
һΣס֮ų׽ħϳ磬һҲΪ˽һĽ飬ӡʥȫĵط
˵鼮Ӧٵһٻ鼮ħͻ֪꣬ȻⱾֻܹӡ
ֱʱ˿̣Ϊ˻ɱ¡ˣȻѡ˶ħУħɱº顣
Ͼħ١ǰе鼮鼮޴ѣȻħɱµˣôطȻͷС
˵ѾԽʥλܵʥЭµΪʥԶҲŴˣɱǣȻҲܵĳͷ
ˣвŻ취
УȻҪħţѵͿ̿嶼Ǻ𣿡
ʱʥҲӦˡħ١Ϣ
֮ʱʥصܵħ١ϢֻһֻǸеħĿֲ֪ħʲô
һǷĸе˰еķȦΧ
Уסְɣ㲻Ӧز
Уѵ˵ѵ㲻⵽Ǵ𣿡
УѾΪ֮ǿ⣬ºպҲ⣬㵣Ҳ⣬ǡǼħ֮ţħĽô㽫֮С
ЩʥʥصǶ֪йħֲһǵȻҪƴˡ
յҪǣҲǩ¹µԼ˲ܹĿ¡
˲ǳһĿǣǶܹĿ
İɣħѾΣ˵ÿһشʧÿһҲͦ˹ȥοȻħǵ鼮ģôǾпƿħһƿħô彫ϵ𡣡жЩʥλ˽š
ⲻǽͣҲʵ뷨һ㣬ҲҪʱġ
УǲЭħŻûг׿رħţֱӵʥص״ݻ㡣
Уʮӵʱ䡣
УʱѵȻִˣôʥؽ
ʥɼħ֮ţһʱǳŭҿʼʥ߶ʥ񡷵ʥٻʥڵصӢص֮һͬԿС
ȻߵһΣͻȻΪ칬֮ѾмƻҲֻܹȥˡ
ҹֻǲʥǰ׼ҲС
лҪӵʱ䣬ܹ׿ħţʱ䲻ܹţʥλģͨĹӰ졣
УŸո˵꣬ܿжʮʥҲͬʱ˰еķΧʼЩʥλ໥⡣
˵ЩˣϾ׼ֻжʮʥǱӢ飬ʥӢ飬൱Žٸʥ
֮£ʥĵһ뷨ǰһʧܣԸΥġ
͵ʥΪǼɹʱͻȻмҽд뵽ǵĶУм׼ҵʥλͻȻ˵ϣʧȥϢ
ͻȻı仯ʱʥһ㶡
ʥΣգ
ɣݣȻɼĴڣʲôʱֵɣΪǲ֪
ĸʥλһ˲顣
ҹҵæ׷ѣǵĻޣһӰͻȻ嵽ҹǰ
ҹֻǸоǰһΧͻȻǧѱֱӾͽҹıǸӰûκֵĵط

ǣǸȻ֣ͣȻҹһȭȥ
ȻȭͷǳģǴһںɫףɢصϢҹʱ򣬼Ҳеһ䡣
飡
ȭײֻ밮ʱʹһ޴죬ҹҲ󵹷ɳ˽ס
űıҹûܵ˺
ԣɣĳǿɼˣӦֻмӵʱ䣬ǰ׼ҵʿҹ˵ɵȻͲòʥ񡷵ʱ£ʼȫʱɵĹ
ȻǿĳֶģڵΪϾɣҹΪ˲ֻܹԼȥǣ
һĻûа취áʥȥԿˣûʥϹӵ˵׾١
º鿴Ҳ̲ס˵Ҳæ
ʥ֮ս
Ψһֶξٻսս˵ԽǿȥҲҪԷ
ڵԣǶԸһʿԸһѧʿпһ㣬ԵǰУ˵ʥս󣬰Χֻǰ׹һ͵ֵסʥǿȡ
̶ǲɱǵģȻǷҪԷôȥɣһ׵Ҳضܵжµ˵һ䣬ȻͳѵõĻȥħš
ˣ
Ӻڰеȫ߶֮£ʥϷĺɫ󶴾ȻĻΪһаףǧ׵ľ޴ɫ顣
һ֣ʥصܵһģ
󣬿ʼиС־ᶨͻȻϢ䣬ͬʱǵ۾Ҳ׵ı˺ɫȻĹΧͬ顣
ɶѾˣѾħˣħ֮žȻˡʥ󣬶ʱ׹ѡ
УУ
ʥߺŰе֣г˲ɷйŭΪ֪ħٵ˲䣬Ҳζʥؽݣݡ


12 ʥ
ʥһ̳˸ߺ֮⣬Ҳûİ취йеķŭˡ
һ̣ѡĻԸʥλãӰеĵǲǰǲ˺µˣϧѾûа취ˣΪħѾˡ
ħ޵Ĵڣǲǽһ磬ֻܹ޵ǸڣȻȻɱ¾־Լһеĸ
ȻħҲ޵еģֻҪ־ᶨͿԲħռȻħֶηʤǿԿ̽ĻڣȻһ㹥ࡣ
ͺñڵʥأʥΪǿĵطǵħٺ˲ʮΪħ塣
ˣ칬˵ʱѾˣµʱѾֻʱ׿ģġпŽҵʥأĪһԺ֮С
ѹôΣôʱ䣬ڷԼһ޴鷳ܻһսʤ׺󣬾͸еͷͨ·𱾸Լֻصߡ

ڰΪħĽٸܵԺʱʥǱͻȻһŭ
󣬾ֻʥսɣͻȻͬʱϢҲøǿᣬ˵һٳ˰УﵽɺڵĿֲڡ
ΪҪǣ۾Ҳ˳׵ĺɫǱħռݵ֡
꣬벻Ȼñҵôһ߲һҵӦþĶˡɵ۾ں󣬾Ȼһο˵˻
ֻǣĻ˻ƣе
ħħɼ
ʥܵħϢеĿɬ޷ݡ
ɵٹһӾͻ˥ˣϧħռ죬û˥ŵɺڣ˽屶
һӵš¡͡ʥ񡷵ҲħɵĶ֡
ħռ塢塢󣬶ħħǵ壬ǵ˲֮ͺѽˡ
Ҳ˵õԽǿħ˵ԽλҪ
ʥھͲȱ߽׵ħǷǳġ
Ҫ𣬾ȻʥһܣͻȻоԼ֮ա
˵Ҳߣʥطһ㶼뿪սĻһ
ɾ͵ħɸҪ֣ڰʥܣȻͬռʥʱΧͻȻһ׹⡣
׹ⲢǺǿȴס壬岻ܵơ
ǡʥſһ㣬ڵħжǿôҲ벻ȻƷôɡ
Ȼһ׼šħ١ôǽħǿҲҪܵ鼮ūۡ
ʥɻʱ򣬰еͻȻħߡ
࣡һ࣬ȻҲū۱𣡡ħкֻǲô޷ѰеĲݡ
ħɣһжƣʥ󣬾ʹµֻôһ㲻Ŷѡ
ʥ԰ǱȽ˽ģôҲ벻ܹðյֶΣҪ֪ڼһ΢״ôʥؿɾͻˡ
гʥ񡷡¡ʥҾͿ뿪Ҫ
оӸµĿʥ¡ˣֱ˵
ڣƿħɺȷʵӵ˺ɨʥصϾʥֻһˣͬʱλһɣһ߽ɣʥص˼ҲԿ⡣
߽ɣ൱۷ΪֻҪٽһͻ᳹ɱɣΪһĴڡ
ˡʥ񡷡¡ʥôɱǣҲûκηʥ˵
˵ʱʥѾøӻˣЩħȴûһҿߣȻǸħɼϢ˼
ûѡܵĻͶɡޱĿʥֵʥеһ˿ɡ
֣ڵѾѹˣȴûκγֵ뷨һ⡣ʥͻȻ·ܵһ
еԸҲ˽ģһѹǵһϻֱӴɱǣвûеһʱôôֻһܣлûѹǵ
ûôһħɵϡ
ˣǵһʹáħ򡷵ȻƺħûгײħûѹǵҪֳȥħѡ
˼ʥһʱ뵽һ㡣
㣬Ȼ뵽һ㣬Σ
бûܹƭҹǣǾзе鼮ȻֱӽõĺӰٻ塣
ЩӰħ壬ֻнϵħܹ˿ͽ׵ħͬĺӰע޷˷֡
ҪЩħͻʥطʱΪ˽֪޷вʥͿʼЩʥصΪв
ǿʥĴڣȻЩħЩͽ׵ЩҹҵӵܾͲͬˡ
¶иո뿪һʥأȥһףȻͻȻ䣬֪Ϊλѵʲôֶðη𣿡ʥûлشеǶ°һ⡣
ȻѪǳĳĿġ
ҡͻȻе㲻֪Ǻãʥصǽ׵ҲǳҪʥʲôҲ֪ʥ᲻칬ԼĻᣬ˲Ž
˵ɣ׵Ѿ֪ˣԾǲ˵Ҳ½֪˵ҲΥ⻹ҪġҲʥʻͶһ䡣
ðɣ
鶼ô˵ˣֻܹͷ
һȻ˵Ҹ칬֮Ѿʼ磬ܿͻø֮ͬͶҪܵͥԼ
˵仰ʱֵĸеһ˿Ժ
Ϊ칬һԱΪ칬֮ãΪΪںˣԺʱ
ʲô׾칬֮
ʥ󣬵һʱķӳв˶١
ʧ̬һ鶼ʹõİڶ棬ʥȻеţҲ׾칬֮ʵ
Ϊһ㶼ȣɽðôգһܵ˴̼Լѣ칬֮飬þͷһ㡣


13 
칬֮鲻ðие𾪣ͬʥҲе𾪡
ֲúܶ鶼ΧתȦֲһе鶼йأֲܹõ칬ľԭ칬֮סʥ׾칬֮һʵ֮󣬺ܿ뵽˺ܶණ
ʵֻҪϸһĻͻᷢ칬׳ֺ󣬲ſʼֵģǰֻǲҰһиϵһѣϸĻͷһж˵ˡ
ȻһǻǲףҲǷǳҪһ㣬ǾǲΪλ칬룬Ϊʲôᴴܵظ칬Ĵڡ
˵漰֮ķ֮ǿĴԼôĳһóˣҲǶʱġ
ʥԼһȽϣΪԼõй칬ظôҲҪǧܹ˼һܵظķ
ǧʱܹ뵽һֵܵظѣɴ˿ɼ˼ĵظͥǵҪٵǻۺ
ʵϣҲʰۣĹ˼ҲԼģԵ쳯ǧ֪ʶ˵˼ۼƣղŻ۳ôһ
û쳯˵֧֣ƾԼĻûпܴͥ͵ظ
û칬֮ǰΪԱԼǣԲŻһֱԼݣǴ飬ˣڸݣ͵ԼţϸղŰеı֣ڸ³˿¶ʥ˵
ʵЩҲµĲ²⣬ʵˣҲʶΪ
˵ĻĿȻΪ˸ʥ뷨ʥ칬ߡ
ʥ칬ĻôȲ˵պ칬Ӷٵ͹ڶܹǶȹѹء
𣬻᲻ᡭʥ˵칬֮ʵȴĻᷢ
ȷҸ磬Ǳʲô˶ˣĻܹܵϾÿһ˵Ϣһ¶һǿ϶
׸ոմԽʱµΪ޷Ӧ˵Ϣ׵Ĵ³ɳܵϢڵϢڵϢȻûиı䣬²Ϊûиı䡣
Ǹ칬֮Ϣ޷ϣõҵİҿ԰뿪뿪֮Ҫ칬кһͬԿСʥ˼ȻǲҪ·
ǿðж⣬ô֤ǱпԸпټ칬ȷʵλĴڣʥΪõ칬İôͿ°ʥض
ڵĻȻûг׿סħɣҲ飬һг׿סħɣʱǾ߶߲ˡ
ҲȷֻҪǣٿԱ֤ǣð޷˺ǡ룬ûֱӴӦ
¸ôʱ䣬֪һֻܳܺĴڣʥ˵ĺѳɹ׿ǰ¾ȳķϣᱣһʱ䣬Ҳͥһʱ䣬Ҳˡ
벻ҹ֮ˣʥȻҪܱ˵ıӣ⻹ǡʥЦһҲļǿĴڣӡֺеĿɬܹ˵ġ
ΪҹңΪ׷Щʥλȴò
Բļޡ¿ʥʧ̲ס˵һ䡣
ûйϵֻǸпʱıǨѣԼԼĺӾȻڵĳɾͣ˲˼ĳɾ͡ʥһ˵ţһ߽ʥƶԼǰ
һԵİпˣʥѡ
ҹѵҪʥصѵܹЩѵĿԶǼȣзʥ뷨󣬶ʱոߺһ
һ仰֮ļӳ֣ʱʹʥڵС
ʥصЩ仰лٶʥ˲ŵ뷨ʶľΪʥǡ
ֻǣʥɲ뱳
УΪһεʥڵİ׼ҼȴȻʹõһ飬ǰδеѣʥҾͷѵΪһϵҾͲ־ܺŹǡʥ˵
˼ܼ򵥣ǾҲǲЩǲŰУͬʱҲЩ֪һжҹΪ޹ء
Ȼҹ˵֮ЩͶټǺʥǶ԰г˺⣬Ϊʥص˻ٶ˵ڰе顣
˶԰е;˽⣬֪оǿˣ˴Ҷæ£һ𣬵ȴʥǡ
źǣʥҲҪʧˡ
ңȻʥҵֻʥѣ޷ȫߣǱ֤ǽĻһһΪǱ𡣡ʥ˵һ䣬Ϳʼȫ߶ʥ񡷡
ʥ֮ǿᣬΪƿеʥ飬ҪԲʥڵĺܶԼҲǰжԡʥԭ֮һ
áʥ񡷵ʥͿûƿħɵİͬʱܹһЩˣ޵ġ
ʥصȴкܶ࣬ʥ޷ǾϣȴԳŵһΪǱ
Уڴģӵп󣬱ضΪ鸶ۣһѸ£ʱ嶼ΪУһҪ̫磬ȡɱһ졣ʥ뿪ǰ԰вһ䡣
Ҫ⻹治ʶ㣬ʶҹǷǳҪǿģҲлңȻֻһðնѡпʥľģʥû뿪Ｗһʥܹܲʥ뿪һս
е̴ĲֻϧʥҲ뷨
УӽҾͲʥˣʥҲզеӢ鶼عأ٣ʥ˵ʱɫʱЩԡʧ䣬Ȼʲô޴Ĵ㡣
ʥؽ᲻״ڣѵ㡭
ʥܣȻΪʥȴʥأֻû뵽ʥƸۣһвΪ˶ʥأҪɱ
ʥشڵʱѾˣݹʥسڣȻ壬ֺγһֱķչһεʥػҲ
ʥ˵ʱ򣬾ͻȻʥһӣȻ˲俪ˡʥеһطţʥµ˵ӰҲʼõ


14 һ
鵽һʥҹˡʥ񡷵Ȼµʥһ޴Ĵ󷨣ֱ뿪ʥء
֮⣬ʮʥҲ󷨿˲䣬һ뿪ʥأʣµȫʥء
ʧȥҹʮʥıЩɼ³ҲֻˣҪô屻ħռݣҪôǳΪе£֮ѡ
Ҳѡħ£ڽΪħҲ꣬Ҫǲˣܵظ򲻻Ӱ쵽ǡ
ʱҲǷǳء
䣡䣡䣡
ҹ뿪˰ҺʥͻȻ֮ûãʥصɽͿʼֱ߽⣬󷨿ʼ飬ʥصҲһ顣
ʥرʱеĵطͣĲ߹أԺضͣĲ
ʥغԺ߹ʹϵģʥرЩطӦ


ʱϴĹԱʥ߿յǿֺͥе𾪾ͱˡ
Ҫǣʱ򶼲µͥ칬ٻģҪľͥһоرĳء
ϾԽǿʹܵ˺Խأ칬ûκζԲ飬ְ칬ǵĻرȴǷ⻻ǶԳܡ
칬̫ǿˣǻø칬ΪУϾ칬˺пܾ࡭
䣡
͵ո˵ʱͻȻÿһĹԱһѪǹԱ͵ˣ̲סһѪ
ȻǵͶһͬ˽ʮ֮һʧȥһŵеĹԱĪĸܵһɡ
ɲϵģҲϵġ
ˣʲôôˣһԱԲ󣬱һ⡣
ԼˣϵԼһȫˣҲ˵ˣӴԺҲܵԼ˵ҲǵȻһɡ
ʲôǸԱһ䣬ΪǻĲ֪Լܵ˴Ĺٲ⣬ܵ
ʥصʥض߹ÿһԱһɵ֮ʥسΪǿʵͬʱҲ߹ϵһ˭ҲҶ˭սΪһʥؾͻ档˵ʱ򣬱ֱЩɬ
Ȼд۵ģǶ˵ݴۿ൱ĳء
˼ǣʥػˣ𣿡ǸԱı˲Ȼ벻ɵĴ۾Ȼôء
Ϊʲôʥص˵ǿᣬеǵȴûôҲ˵ͻ¼ֱӻٵʥأôܡһԱ̲ס˵뷨
Ҳֻ֪ҪʥصûгôźܿϢݳ˽ʥصܹµᷢʲô顣
˵仰ҵʱͻȻһѶɵǰ
ಣ
ʥֽҳȻʥֽҳѶ׷ʲô顣ĹԱֽһ͵ֽĵȼ
ϵߵȼֽʥֽҳ
Ȼǡħ򡷣ݺеɫתΪ˳أǰδеĳء
ع󣬾Ƿŭ
ɶ񣡰мֱˣΪ˶Ը칬Ϊ˶ԸףȻͷų˵һ飬ĩ֮šķйеķŭͬʱеʥֽҳߵһԱ
Աҳϵݺı仯ֱһޡ
ܣôѡôѵ𣬸ģģ
Ա̬Ȼ죬һ˵ģԴ˷йеĲ
֮Ϳʼҳȥ˿֮ʣµľֻгĬˡ
Ѹȫб࣬ݺ칬ǿпһ顶ħ򡷣ħࡣٻ˴ɽͼȻһϢ뵽˴ڵÿһ˶С
Ǵ飬ͬһʱ䣬߹еĹʼϢ뵽ǹĶС
Ҳ˵һıĿ꣬ǲ칬ΪУ塢塢ΪС

ǡ
һ׹ܿʮʥ¡ҹ˾ͳ˽ֵ֮ϡ
ҲĵһǰϢݸ߹Щǵߵ㡣
ʼɣҪȫҲֻȫܹǶʥԵһ˵һɱУܹħҹ˵һ䣬ʹ˿ʼĳһ仰
нǿϢǬԣ
Ժԣ
磬㡣¡ԣ
ףԿ־ʡԣ
ˮϰԳУϰ¡ԣ
롣Լķԣ
󣬶ҡѽϰԣ
ɽޡ˼λԣ
ҹ˵ĻԴ߹ԡ
ԴѳΪ߹֮󣬳仰֮Ҳûܹ߹ΨһеĴͳ
˵ҹ仰󣬺ܿһɵ۵Χ
ʵҲҹйأҹһʥǿܹЩе߳˼Բſƾ仰һ
ˣҲǷǳѵˣΪԣ仰֮⣬Ҳûһ仰ԲҪκҲҪİֻҪ˵ܹˡ
ԭˣʥӦڴ֮ԿУʵ֣ɹĻЩʥλľԣп¾Ҫȫһˡ
ף벻ؼʱ̣ǾȻҪ׵
һ룬ȷʵеԲסס
Ҫ˼룬ҪԸǰУħûзģһĩֶ֮žڴˡ
ȥʶɣнǿϢԺ
ʥͷܿʥҲʶ
ЩʥȻҹȫȫĺ֮£ܿҲ۵ǵͷϣЩǵͷһȦȻԶ뵽ҹ֮С
¶Ҳɡ
ţ
º˿Ƭ̺Ҳҹǵ뷨ҲŸߺ
ôͬʱߺȻҲ˴յע


15 ߹
İǣʱҲյɽͼľ棬֪ʥͻȻڽ챻ٵˡ
ǧ۹ʮʥأΪһҪطôʮ飬û˻Ϊ˭Լʥһˡ
Ͼʱ˵̫ˡ
Ȼڽ죬ڴʱ˿̣ʥѾˣͨǲǣһεʥرڧŪģڧĴڻǿ֪Ψһλ
칬ˣΪݶλ֮˵֪˲ܹɣΨһɻǰС
԰еıѣҹòѡ֮ԿҾܵħһʱ뵽ľ׵ԡ
ܹͨһԣܹǵ˼롢ͳͳһ𣬲ҽ仯Ϊ
ҹƾԿУĴ£ǵͶʼߺ
һ˵ҲʹʮңʮˡˡǧˡˡʮˡһͬĻôܿһоͶʼ˵Դ߹ԡ
ֶ׷贫һִڣǵҪʱ򣬴Ҹǲĺ
ǵļԣʱʹһñȽϽĳУǸеλҲ¶˻һЦ˴ҵ뷨Ȼʼߺԡ
㣬׵ûûüӾʹʮУǶʱ˵仰
֮ĶȻҵע⣬ҵʥλʥλĸ֪ǿôԵĲȻ֪
֮ԿУߺпҹȻҲʼɣϣԵԽħ١鷳
ħ١ΣյĸвһΣյԴͷϣǵһܹɱУֻʵ̫Сˡ
ʼɣԴ߹ԣ֮ǰȻףǰȴûƣ֪ܵԾ޴󣬲ŷ⾹ȻһɿԴ漣
Դףһ߻Ÿл飬һɡ
ҵʥλھһ򵥡ٵ֮󣬾Ҳʼԡ
нǿϢǬԣ
Ժԣ
磬㡣¡ԣ

˵ĺ֮£ǵϷܿͳ˰˸޴֣ǾǬ㡢롢ޡҡ
˸һЩͿʼһ˲䣬ǾͳΪȵĵشеͳͳ
ڼ֮أдͥףʱܵԵǿ

֮ء
ڸܵԵ󣬲ɵİĿתƵǱߡ
ʹҵԣһ˼ΪǿֻǺ񲢲֪ԵãҲ֪Ҫ˳ģԵߵңôû˵ˣԼȾͻȻܹѰԳ͸ŵ֪ʶ֪Ե˳Լ˼
ԱͥҲдˣھȿڵԵ΢ͣһдͥ۾ʼŰԡ
ֻм䣬֮;ǰ˵ͬɫĹâ۾
ǡǣ
֮ͻȻԼӼ֮ǣҲĵһС
״̬·ûһע⵽ңҲ˵ǸңҲ֪ҵĴڡ׸ܵһԼ󣬾ʹеԵɡ
ף¶Саѩǡ
۲»ĵһҪ£ڹ۲֮£ܿͷµˡ
⣬ȻҲҹֻһʱҲ̫ҹΪҪǣõ鱨ҹӦҲ칬ķ߲Ŷԡ
ڵȻֳֳ֪һ֮ʵ¶ʲô飬Ϊʲôڰҹʹҵ֮
괫˵ģ޷ʱҹȴͻȻ£Ȼ¶һŵ飬֮⻹мʥҲͬ¡
磡Ǹ磡¸ܵ׵Ϣ󣬼к׵֡
ңȸҷʲô顣侲Ȼʼѯڵ״
磬Ϊ˶Ը㶯˵һ飬һͨħħţͷų˴ħ磬Щħռ壬ҴԼѾһ౻ħƺӵ˸߽ɵħɻиסˣǴԹͨ߹֮Ȼһ𵽰С
ˣĸáʥ񡷻ٵʥص󷨣ŰǾ˳ԺûʥˣʥЩûӳҲûϣˣľըʥأܵħ
°Ѵף˵Ҳ֪ʥڻЩûҲûбתΪħҲ˼ɲôˣΪһħŰĻ˽ʥ
ԭˣ벻оȻôΪ˻øҿͷųԻͥԵĽˡε˵š
ӿʼдƪʱ׾֪Լһѵģֻû뵽ô죬ͥûг׳ʱѾѾˡ
¶ǲҪ֮һжңǸ֪Ҫβܹɱж˼ãһԡ
֪ˣ
׼ȻѾ֪ԿеģôȻҲͲκιƣֱʥܳʥѿȨ
˵ԵĴʼˣһε֮ǱҹģҹЩʥˣ׶Ҳܹ֧Ȩ
Ȼʲô̫õĽײҪõеĿȨ
׵Ļ֮ҲæЩҹˣҹһʼԥˣǴӦΪ˵ȷʵûȻԵĲ֪ôʹЩԣôԵĹﵽǿ
ҸܵԵȫǱʮʥƾԴݻһҵ׶ˡ׸ܵԵжʱš
У˵ùģҾջһϢ׶ʥڵķһ£Ȼȫ߶ЩԵǿٷֺΣתΪ˰˸ֵķơ


16 Ԫͼ
ԵķƷǳӣźܶ˼еȣͨǾ޷ϳԵķƣڷƵ˳γһİԸ֣Ȼ԰ˡ
˵һҺ׽ԵֱӰȡָжĻҹ˾ͻΪ˽ԶԼܵش
ǬΪ죬ΪأΪףΪ磬ΪˮΪΪɽΪ󡣡
ضλɽͨ׷ౡˮ䡣˳֪棬ǹҲ
üеܿͰԵ˳壬Ҹǰ˸Ƶ塣
졢ءס硢ˮɽЩıԴǴ˰˵ӦƿƾԺͼڵһγ֮ϡ
ˣԤеҪܶ࣬ԺлдһЩڰԵ鼮ֱָֻԴ鼮֪ûôдڿưԵ˳λúȻҲ͸ܵǿ
ԻΪԸ໥ϵģû̫ͼİͼͲİͼ
׵ȰͼһʱȻܵͼżǿҲ覴õ棬覴˳
Թͼ̫ͨͼ֣̫һĻԪ磬һЩ˰ѡ̫ʽԡΪԪԡ
Ԫһͼͼֱָ̺żΪǿ͸ӵǵװԼ֮Ϊһ̫ͼںϵԵͼǸܵͼ硰ߵ㾦һ㣬˲˼ı仯
ˣԪͼѾﵽ۷壬ݻȥĻܻữΪط򣬳Ϊ
ﵽһ̶Ⱥ׾֪ܹȥˣҪʹóԪͼͻΪĿ
ʼԣһ죬ȥ
װѰԵǿ󣬾ͽԪͼʥأ˵һھ
䣡䣡
ھһԪͼȻͬĥһתһǶ෽תÿתһ¶ɢǿ
еı仯ͼѰ編Զ룬һеı仯ҵ編ĹɣôͿƿؿռ䣬ֱӽٵʥ֮ϡ׿Ȼ֪һС
ı仯ѾԼһʼûƵһ㡣
ı仯Ǻõı仯ȻҪǵʥغȥôӵųԽٶȣҲҪʱġ
ڣԪͼʼռ󣬴Ҳ˲ʮʱ䣬Ѿʥصλá
ಣ
λú󣬻Ԫͼͷųһ޴ĹââǻԪͼľââֱʣͬһ޴һ㣬ÿһС
࣬һ̶õǾ޴Ĺâ

ʥأѾʥء
ʱлŬĿŲϴħ֮ŷֳħ
ЩħȻܵħ١ѹƣ̫࣬ԼлҪѹħɵԵʣ˶ٻһƿء
ЩħҲɵ෴ܹ磬ĵ©ռ壬Ȼһǳڹ֮ͷ˰еĿġ
ǣΪ˲ðпסЩħٺڵһʱѡߣûռݣǶҪߣֻҪ˰еĿƷΧʱҲ
ƻħѾһٸħˣһٸħ绹Ʋʲôˣֻʥѻ٣еʥߡʥ鶼ʧȥˡʥ񡷵ЩӢҲ뿪ˣҴҲûκ壬ڻӦʱ뿪Ȼ㡣пһΧ̲ס˵Լʧˡ
ǧ㣬㵽ҹᵹǱߣ㵽칬ԣû㵽칬֮Ҳû㵽оȻ˹šʥ񡷵ƣȻѡˡʥ񡷣ʥأʧȥΪȫ֮ء
ҹ˵ʧȥʥȻһܴĴڰ˵ֺγһ
ҹûʥأʧȥʥ֮ݣС¡ֻҪĻʱ齨һһ
ָܹҲֻа׼ˣ׼Һܶ˶ֻǰԼµĺôҹȻΥжѡ
ţһǿֹҹرħţԴ޾գѾǿħ磬áħ١ҲǶ໨һЩʱѡ
дرħţȻħɺƵħʱ뿪׼ϢȻ칬һսֻʱħǱ߳״
𣡺ǿֲħǽɣԭǵôǿᣬֻԽǿԽѽٵ磬һʱرħŵġһΣԼ޷رħš
Һãжħźħй˽⣬ûлģǼŹرħš
ħرյĻͻԴԴϵħҪʱƣпܻλħɳ֣һĻͲرöԸˡ
Ͼ֮൱λħɲһʥܹסġ
ǸħҲǾǽʿѣҪǿħ֮ħǿȣҪ׻ǿʮֹ
˿ֲǰаѡħ١ΪԼı飬пܿסħɼħ塣
ˣһֽžͷһֽţϾҪĲǰٵпհһȻͿʼȫ߶ħ١رħš
ٻħΪƿ磬ħŴʱ̫Ȼ˴룬ҪԸΥ
οħűһԵлԸ칬ˣ򿪣ôպԼ鷳ȥԸˡ
ˣ
ڰеȫ߶£ħڿʼСֻСٶȺżַ󣬵ϾҲСˣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬رûġ
ɾ͵д߶ħŹķ֮һʱͻȻһâմֱͥӦʥص֮ϡ
âɢҵĹâһͼĹâͻȻޱȣǿһ۾ͻͷεĸоǰλĴڣͼ󶼾еܡ
ֵͼ滹׵̫ͼͬʱ̺ϣЩȻִ¡ϢҲͬǵĿľȻֻһǾɱҡ
ƾǿĸ֪ڿԪͼĵڶۣ֪ͼʱֵĿġ


17 ʱ䵹
з˻Ԫͼһɲǣһ鼮ֱ鼮һϣǸæ˿ռ֮ţ뿪ʥء
һߣ׵ϸԪҲڻԪͼĴ£˻ԪͼϷ
ˣ
Ȼںܸߵλãٸ֮Զȴ·ĳȻ׵ϸԪڻԪͼ
ɣһ죡
ٶȴ߶ŻԪͼܿͼŵ¡
ٵٶȣùâ˲ʥ֮С
ʥ֮ǰ֮ħ֮ϣԭǷǳӲж޷ٹرյħ֮ţ˲ͱ߽֮ˡ
֮󣬰֮΢ͣһӣʥϵʡ顢ռԼħһ˲䱻ˣһķǳףֱӽ߽Ϊӡ
һǲĴڣһ̶ᱻɱ֮£֮Ҳ޷֮⣬֮Աܿ
ҲԪͼֵʱ򣬰о֪ӲƴħɵİҲ޼£Żһʱѡߡ
еҲħ֮ŵ԰Ȼס㼸ӣ뿪ʥأҲҪܵشֻϧħ֮ŵλ̫ˡ׼ûвеź
ıǴɱеģԸĻ֮ƿħ֮ţֱӹУײܹô
ڵ״̬ԣȻںŰһۣȴܹ߹İմΣ֮УΪԵڰա
ǰͻȻôĵĬԪͼҲͷųǿ
ڻԪͼ֮£ʥؼ˲ͳʧֻϧðиħˣʥصĿռ䶼ʼֱᣬֱʥڵĵطһƬڣγӰӶᱻĵط
ı仯˵ºټȴ֤˺ܶΣֻǼԵļ֤Ǵеĳġ
ڶ
Ӹµ׿󣬶ʱ̲ס˵֡
ԣǾԵĺڶҲˣΪڶһγɵĻôʧҺܿΧһõҲɡ׻йغڶ飬ͬʱѺڶһ¶Աȡ
ֻϧ׸ղҲĿһˣײľʹĻᡣ
δδ֪ģʷǹ̶ģ֮ǰĻҺһڵĻϣ׶Χĺڶ˼ۣȻ㾲۾
۾һɲǣ֮صױͻȻ۾Ȼֱ̧֣ϵĹʱͶ֮С
ಣ
ʱһδɵͥͷųһ⡣
ڹʱ֮ϣܿʱ̾ʹӼ֮ر˲䴫͵ʥصϷ
ʥصϷ׵ֱ۾ͬʱ׵Ǳ֮ҲԽԽǿᡣ
ʱ̣Բʱռʱ٣ͬʱҲܹʱͣͣΪҪҲʱ䵹׿ΧȻʹֶԸС
ڵϵʱǹʱʱǹһպʱߣʵʱϵķ򴫵ݣǴڵģݼ㣬ʱ궼Ϊǿҵʱ񵴣ʱղȶ޷ɴ䣬ʱ䵹ʵ֡
ڵĻʱ⵹ǲܹӵйʱ£ôʱ䵹ĿԾ͸Ӵˡ
ʱ䵹ĻҪ㹻ǿ˵Ƿǳ֮ǿλܹӵеǿλܹһ㡣
׵ϣһѵõĻᣬúЩ׻ܹʱ䵹
ʱ䵹еĻô׻Ԫͼ
Ԫͼ׾ȷȷʱĽڵ㣬ΪԲſռͬʱҲʱ䡣
ûлԪͼô׻޷һ㣬ΪľԼʱĽڵ㣬Ծȷÿһ˵ʱڵ㣬ҽһ˵ʱ䵹ͬʱӰΧĻ
ֻĻһ˱ʱ䵹Żᱻڵαڶᱻαڶɱ
Կݻռ䣬Ҳݻʱ䣬ҵĴȻԴ߶Ԫͼʱڵ㣬Ϳԡ׻ŷ뷨ȻͰѹʱͶ뵽˻Ԫͼ롣

Ԫͼõʱ̺󣬶ʱһͬƿݵĸ֪ڡ
ĳһ򱻴ˣĳһòˣķ͵ڲ磬Աƿء
Ȼʱ䷨
ȻҲڵһʱ֪壬ŻԪͼ˵ɣиҴ
䣡䣡
õ׵Ԫͼٵת
ڵĻԪͼ͵һ̨˵ܹܹϵκԣù֪Ԫͼ׿Էǳ򵥵ԪͼЩ顣
ŻԪͼ㣬ոߵİжʱ͸ܵһɿֲϢ
ʲôĳǿĴңֻо·ԷԽҼΣͲһԪô顣
бԪͼһʱܶˣֻǷ˼ŵʲôôǿ
ԣκôǿ칬ҲܣһҵĴ˼˺һ֮󣬰оȷԼĴΪ֮ǰ̫µĴ
뷨ǿɾ칬ҪôǿΪʲô粻ʹãҪߺʹá
ˣЩƿ
źǣԶʱͻȻԼǰľ󲢲ԼӦÿľ󣬶ԼѾľ
ͷ·һһ
ȵȣǰߣΪʲôҵںˡ
ܣֻںˣΧĳûкˣ⵽׷ʲô飿
ѵ˶ʹ˻ǿᵽԻҵĵزʥʥ֣
Щ޷󣬰еĵһ뷨Լ˻Ϊǰһʵ̫ˡ
ϧлûпǺõ׷ʲôͻȻԼصռһ̡
еĽŲ˵ʱҲͬʱһռ֮ţռ֮Ż򿪵ģҺܿо˿ռ֮ţֱӻصʥڵĵط
˵صαڶĵش


18 ħŴ
ƾŻԪͼټ׵ͼԼĹʱ̣Լǿ֮ڰѰеʱ䵹˻ðֱӻص˺ڶ롣
ڰлҲָǿϾʱ䵹ıǰиղ뿪ǿаʱ䵹Ļжָ
׿Ǻиղ뿪Ҳûֵ̫õġ
ɣУϣܹ׿ǲ֪󣬶ʱͶһ˹ȥ
Ȼ׵ŸտαڶͱαڶյˣһҲֻܸʹһƵȻ㿪ʼ䵭󳹵ʧʥصϷ
ʧ֮󣬻ԪͼҲʧˣ̫ͼ͹ʱҲͨͥصߡ
Ҳ˵ΪֹԵǳþˡ
ڶУһʼ׵ϸԪжʱһɲԤС
ǸõӰףӦûûʥλܹƿչд飬ҲӦûʱ䣬ûпǿиԼһ¡
ǣ뿪󣬺ֿ̫ܿͼ
̫ͼ֮󣬰в֪Ϊʲô뵽ףΪײ
ʱԼ뷨Ϊײܹ
ֱʱҲ֮󣬰ˣΪʱ칬ʥһʱ̳֣ôͱⲻǱˡ
ףȻףֵһᵹԭԵϹʱҵʱ䵹벻ʱ䵹ĴڡвŵĿһУҲˣٲţҲҪˡ
ʱ䵹Ҳʱ䵹ĺô˵Σݣҵȷʵ۷״̬ҵѾˣһһиæΧΪ뿪ʱ䵹Ҳֹ᳹ͣ
ʱ䵹ֹͣͻαڶĹ
ɶʲôȻ˿ֲķԡ
ûпռʱҲģˣһƬ޵ĵطҪϿ뿪
벻ˣ벻ҵܹ뿪ѵֻܹ𣿡
м˼ӺڷԼȻ޷ԿαڶʵͬʱҲ뵽һ뿪ķ
û취ˣֻܹˡ
Լûİ취󣬰оͰеϣеǸ
ͬʱҲаףұģһжΪıȣҲŻһ˵֮ҲҪһֵΡ
һˣоͽһŹŹͼ鼮˳
ħ֮Ҳգһһ飬ôطͻħϵʱҾͿԳû뿪ֻһħ֮Ž᳹״򿪣ҲʧȥƺħֶΣһħɻָɣǿħҲ֣Ҳӿʼ
ипһ󣬾ͽϵ鼮ֱźڶȥǾܵԼħ١ĲҪ̫
ȡħ١ƾкܽʵѾԶʱ򣬰еһݣͿʼ߶Լһ˿ϵڲáħ١ʼ߽⡣
£Ȿһڷǳ̣Ҳǿ߽Ḻ́Ҫʮӡ
Ȼ뼮ķ£ڲ߽αڶһ˲ͳױȻںڶ뱬ը
һıըûκ죬Ҳûκβôһ˲䣬ħϢأȴһ׶εȱڡ
ȱһ֣ħ뵽˺ڶ֮УЩħ޾һ㣬˲Ͱαڶˡ
ڶûеߵģαڶУ˵ﵽһĵزڶͿʼšͣը
䣡
һεıըϢıըһ־춯صıըһǿᵽ綼ıըϻδɵͥʱ˿̶ҵĲ
һ̣𡢻ɽʯ¡籩ˮХߵȵȴҲʼӶĳ֡
һܵ˻Եѣֵǰǿ޶֪˶١

֮ء
𶯴ݿ󣬾ڵλöҵĲţǼ֮صĵ湻Ӳڵĵط־޴Ѻۡ
Ҳһ˰˵һ飬ҲǱħ١һθԼӪĻᣬֻһĻħͳױͨˣѵֵͥĴ𣿡׾Ŀе飬̲ס˵ôһ仰
һʼ׾֪д硷д۵ģͥôǿĴڣ۾һ߶Сѿֻ״û뵽ᵽز
Ǵڿʼ㣬Ϊڶըԭ򣬾͵֮һ顣
˵飬ࡢ塢塢塢ޡҰ޵ȵӵǻۡܺ͡
֮ܺͣһҲǳ֮ˡ
һô飬粻뵽սŹ֣Ҫֻ֪һˣħ֣Ŵʱ廹Կ칬ѾǱȻĽ
ҺãӢֻۣҪ칬ƽЩңôʱͻ٣ҪģǼдƪ
һǱдΪоһ٣ҲܵشٶʱڰѾܳĴˡ
Щ֮ǰΧʥʥʥʱҲָжֻΧϢıǾӽ׵ûС
ⲻ˵ʥλ־ᶨͥϢʵ̫ǿʥׯϡӡɣˣʥλĴͥϢʱҲֻܹԶԶҽӽ
ΪͥϢһֱܵų⣬ˣûʸͥ
ܹվͥϢ룬ΪͥĴʼˣ֮ⷲҲ˽УֻЩʥʥʥȻǵòˡ
ЩʥλҲֻܹصԼ֮УΪղŵֻҪǵȥƽȻֶ֪ٵˡ
ͬʱʥҲħͨԶ
Ȼħʵ̫ɺˣȻʹóּ˵ֶΡʥͦеģԼӵ͹
Ȼʥ˰еĿͻȻоԼӦȰʥɱС
һĻҲͲˡ
ʥħҲܵشڻ׼ʱ䣬ʥʥЭ飬ڵʥ߶޷֣ýħʥЭҪʥûѾ飬ڿҪҪȥ


19 
ڣڰɵ֮£ʥЭĽ˳
尲ڼ䣬ʥЭĴڶÿһ˵żĺôսڼ䣬ʥЭ鶼Ծܵļ֮
ԣ칬϶Ϊ֮ǰ鱨ħʱҪǵȻǵħ硣
ˣܵЭʥǣʱͷǳĸиˣΪħǵĵӣôҲܹ֣еͽ׵ͬռˣҲ޷֡
һĻ͵ʧȥ˶ԸħֶΡ
ڵǵ״ȷʵ룬ϾʥλڲмʥЭһĻôˡʥ̲סĸпһ䡣
˵ʵʥЭʱǶǷǳͬģʥЭˣȴ壬칬Լס
ûʥЭ飬Ͳ֪˶ٴΣûʥЭ飬칬Ҳͱ˳칬˵Ҳᱻڡ
ȻͬĻôǾȥҹɣ˵ʥѾġʥҲķѣ˲ûм٣ֻʥص˱ָߴ۹ԺѣҪҹϻС¡ⱾԭҲܵʥģûˡʥ񡷣˲١ʥ˵
ʵ֮ͥǾͿʼ۲Χһ۲֮Ǳ㷢ʥصĻȻܴʥİȫ֮ءĻ֮أԼ鼮Դ
ǶȥĻͻᷢ˵Ҳһ£߹ԺˣҹҲˣΨһźľǰλʧˡ
ǣʥְʧ칬Ĺϵֵõ˻ͣ˵ǻ֪׾칬֮ʹ׵Уͬʱõױ˵԰ͿԿó칬ġ
һĻĽǶ߷ø
ȻˣǾȥҹɣϣܹ˵ʥͬȡЭ飬һҪ˵еʥ߸Э顣ʥͷ͸ʥһȥҹˡ
ҹңΪ̽ӣֻҪʵһ£ͷҹڣһͬȥѰҹ

֮أײ֪һ˵Ǿ޴鷢ˣȫȫдƪ
ܿʮӾ͹ȥˣʮ棬ڰԼԺе϶ϣдˡ硷档
ˣˣ
һд֮󣬺ܿһͭӰĻ˵ĶУ˵ʥׯϣ̲֮סһ㱣ȻԺиһׯϵĵá
Уһ÷ǳҫۣһңдĸ֡
˿ĸֺеͶ֪ｫΪΪʥĵطΪԽѾʥأдŵʥغʥ֮ϵĵط
ӴԺģҲΪȨļӪ
ĵطʥĵط칬ŪĹ𡣡ʥԺҲط󣬲֪ΪʲôͻȻһҪռط뷨
ͬ뷨ˣʵϻֹһҲֻʮٸǧʮ˵еҰĵĴڣ塢塢嶼Ҫõط
ΪǾȨߵֻҪõܹΪǿĴڣΪƿĴڡ
ҪõʲôԭҶҪõ
ϻǿᣬѾٺܶˣϴܵظ칬Ӧû죬ȻʧǵҰ֮С
׼칬ոճ֣Ϊʱʱܹ칬ô˵ͿռһҲǲܡ
ͻȻ֮䣬뵽һؼ飬Ǿ칬Ȼһֱغǿ󣬿ǲûбֵжˣһᡣ
ˣʱҲһԣΪͥı˵ջ̫ˡ
Ҫ嶯ȿȷЩǻῪһµĴԪ磬ֱϷ
ãǵȷЩλȥ칬ǳǿᣬһĻ˵Ҳܹõһ
ֻ칬ıı֮ǰĺʹģͲʲô
סߡߡʵۡһ֮ȵȣһ̶ȡһ£ܹõͥĹ
һߣڵȥ֮ԺҲֳӣֻ˲ͬΪֱܹӿڲԼϷ۱
۱ĺģ·׵ϸԪĳصϵ׿ʱ򣬶ʱ͸оǰһһֱ֮׵ϡ
֮ⲻǽɫģǴɫĹâְɫ˲ֱӣȴ̲ס֮ġ
֮׵ϺͷԼϸԪ֮ʱ˽һͬʱ׻ܵһů쳣ů
ů̲סҪһСźǣоһȸоʧ֮׾ͷԼѾ뿪˼֮أһ޴ޱȵĹ֮С
ͬʱǳĵ϶˰ɫ
ͥ˵ûдﵽеĳ̶ȣҲΪǿĴˡ׿Χһۡ
ͨͨʥûʲôȨԡ
ײͬȥʥأҲȥʥأ˵ʥûȥʥءʥҲ˶٣׿ȷһѾԽʥء
һʼһҪأ벻һоȻô򵥡
׹۲һ󣬾ת۱
۱ȥ̻Իͣ˸ִ˵еıʯҫ۵޷ŲĿ⣬ǲֱӵıʯ
ЩʯÿһǷǳĴڣȫǶһ޶ģҲ˵ֻҪеģطͶûС
۱һ۵ۿıͥŦһҲһֻۣӵӡǵ˲ʸڱ֮ϡͨϸԪе䣬֪Ҫԡ
ֻҪϣ͵ڳΪⷽΪ߹Ĵڡ
ǣܹҪʸģ˵ﲻ磬ûôĶ࣬Ҫλϣô͵ӵӡǣӵС硷
ֿ⣬Ҳûı֮ˣȫӵУʸ档


20 ۱
۱ΨһıƷΨһģ͹һ㣬úܶȨռĴ̲סҪռˡ
ȻҲ⣬ڸոʱûҪõȨʱƣŵԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿҲϣõȨ
ȨһеıϣֻҪ㹻ȫ׾ͿԱԼҪˡ
һ£Ȩźܴġ
ڵõˣߵȨҲʱȥӭˡ
׶۱˵һ䣬Ȼһߵ˱ǰȻһ۱֮ϡ
ڱϵ˲䣬嶼̲סĲΣΪȥʱͻȻһݵ׵ϸԪС
İ֮£׷ҰͻȻüλͥľͶԺ֮С
ûһ׾ͷ·õһ˫޴۾۾ܹͥһУ¶ķǳ
ԭ۱ǸоֲúܶҪõȨ۷壬Ϊ¿ĶǲһһӵʱϤһ۱
һӵʱ棬״˸ñ֮Ŀ£ܿ׾ҵڵĵط
ۣ֮ͥӴԺͨͽۣ֮֮ͥͨ£ҿԿκһ䡣һʼֻǱԵ̬Ҳû뵽ͨ˿Կͥľ⣬ȻĿľ
Ҫǣ֮ͨ£׿ĻǳϵСӶܹĺ
ҵˣȻ¶
֮ͥ۵ͨͷµλá
˻
ǣʱȴͻȻܵһʹԾϵľʹ
Ĺˣ벻ͨľȻ֮󣬻˵ҵͥ˵̫СˣͨӦλͨҾȻ޷ṩʱ߶ľ
һҲΡ
ϸԪ֮׵ĴѾнʥˣͥһСͨеԳܡ
ò˵ϻž޴Ǳġ
䣡䣡
͵׸и֮ʱͥͻȻַ˾޴𶯣𶯴ų룬ͣ
ͣºһж·ָȴܵͥϷɡ
ٶȲǺܿ죬Ҳ뵽ͨܵٶȣվϵĴڣʱûп
ͥλ缴ȹֻ̣ڵľ̫࣬Ҫݰ¶ǽҪȻָһ¡׸ղǴģֲˡ
û취һʼҲû뵽֮ͥ۵ô
Һ׷Լ۱ʱĻָٶȷǳ֮죬ͥŨֻҪں¼ƿ֮ڲӵ£ͻָһɵľ
нʥʮ֮һľ൱һִѧʿľʮ֮һƺ٣ʵϷǳĶˡ
ˣڵһ£һظһ£ҾͿá硷򿪵ݣӭ׸һ¾󣬷ֻ޷ﵽҪ󣬾а̾һ䡣

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ɾӵĶ㣬ʱҹ̧ͷͥ
ף¡飬ںŮˣ벻ǾȻ
֣Ů˶˵ǳҪƿصĻԻ
ʥǣҹ̸ʥЭʱͻȻº顣
Ѿ֪׵ݣͬһʱ䶼뵽ܻŮͷ
Ѿ࣬߾͵ʧȥλҹȻӵС¡һλһʱ䣬߿λ
ǻᣬĻᣬȲҪȸæʥЭ飬һʥЭǾͳܻº飬Լйϵˡ
ܺãαװһ¡
ʥȻûһĿģ˵ǳ֮ûԵöԶºж⡣
ʥʥʱʲôҹʥֺȻһ
֮ǰʹûԪͼʱڵʱҹľ˺ܶ࣬ʱҲŰ˳ɵս
λսģҹǶ֣˵Ѿǩ˺ƽԼԼ֮ĺƽɱһʥΥԼ
֪ħ飬ԴЭһͬʥЭ飬ȻĻħϮ֮ʱǸûеֿʥ˵ĵһĿġ
ԭˣҪԼǩԼĴһͬþѪѾʥˣԲܹеʥҵĺҹź˵š
ʵҹҲʥЭ飬ΪЭʵ̫鷳ˣʱڣʥλȻҲǿЭǵøͷӲ
򵥣ֻҪӦĻͿԣǵĿ궼Ϊ˶ԿħذǺǾ㲻Ҳͬ⣬иĴڲϣôֻܹʹ²ˡʥν˵š
˵ν̬ϾͿԿóڱС
˭Ҫ뷴ôͻᱻɱģ˵ȻҲͻЭϳ
Ȼͬ⣬ֻǣ̫࣬ʱڸ޷ɡҹ˸ڣһʱ䡣
УִУΪ嶼ѾͬˣеʥλѾǸٹһӣͻ۴˵أҲҪ֪ͨʥλʥ·𿴳ҹ뷨Ȼһᶼҹ
Уʥո˵˲䣬мʥʥǵߡ
еʥλҪ𣬼Ȼ˵ĻһЭǹô졣ҹҲɵóӦıġ
ʥȻ˵ľ裬ֻһˣǾĵ칬ħǲʥλƴʥһ˵ţһ߿º顣
ǣʥЭҪͬ⣬ҪȻĻ
ʥ˵ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ãĿǣҹʥЦпıֻǵӦʱºѾʧˣѩҲͬʧˡ
֪䣬ҹ߾ȻʣԼˡ
ҷʱԻҵĸ֪Ҫˡҹ˵ʧԭͬʱԼӦøӾһЩġ
ʵϣҹھ裬ԿһλɶԸλ
ҹǲôģʥЭҲ֪Ƕ׵Ҫԣܵ˺ôǲԭġ
ʥǱɹߺ󣬾֪Ѿʮа˾ſԳɹˣһ


21 ʥЭ
ʥʥ뷨ȷҹȻõӣڽĽ֮Уһ˵𲻵á
ˣ칬ϹϵͷǳҪˣټ׶ĸûʲô飬е㷴УҹҪ칬ߣôҲֻµ˵һˡ
Ҫʲôôô˵Ǩŭ塣
ҹΪľòƳµ֮Ҳںˣ˵֪࣬塢塢Ҳûʲôںġ
ʥʥҲΪǸҶʲô飬ΪںľֻˣǸҶµ˳֣ôȲ˵ô嶼ҪᡣһҹͻȻַ
˵ߣ㣬ֺγסĹͬ㡣
㡭ʥһʼûⷽ룬ҹ֮󣬾ͷֺӵġ
ǸҶµĻͻ᳹׸칬Ҫ׵̬ͨ˵̬òûʲôֵ
ϸһĻߵⲽĥѣĴ棬ֺγΪǣǹϸõ
һĳˣû׼ĻʲôҾ徵Ǹ
ǾȻһ㣡ʥҲһ㶣æԸµ岻Ҫ˺һ˿һһҪźá
ҹǵıо֪ԼΣ˴롣
ڣҴӦʥʥЭ飬ҲҪǩһԵԼ֤첻ҹռ˱˺󣬸æһ
ʵҹҲʥЭ飬ϾΪ֮ǰ׵ʱǩһǧƽԼԼһ©ǾҪ֮ɱʥλͨճ֣ҲռأôͲս
Ϊ˷ֹٶ壬Ҫ
ʵҲôģֻϧҹһᶼǣǾͲòͬһ㡣
ðɣǴӦ㣡
֮£ֻҹǩЭ飬֮ҹҲеʥټ
ŪôĶЩʥʱ칬ӵ뷨˵յҹٻ󣬱׷׼ϵǡ
һߣʥλҲ׷׵
ܺãȻеʥλۣôǵľѪ⿪Эɡҹеʥλ󣬾ٻˡ¡Ȼ˺һŽֽ
ʥЭȻڡ¡֮Уֲ֮ǰûд
ҹȻʥػ𣬾֤ʥЭһЯĻһЭ鶪ʧôҲʹˡ
ҺţȻ嶼Ҫħ
ʼЭɣΪʥλǣͲñֽš
һʥλĸп֮£ʥЭڽˡ
ķʵܼ򵥣ǾʥλѪȾֽֽȥطĸ֪ӶϾЭӡ֮ϵӡǡ
Ƽ򵥣ʵȴǳļѣΪҪȾֽͱҪЭǩֵĴڶ׼ѪĲ㣬Ļ־ͻЭʧ
ɼˣҲǺѵһ飬칬ĺճǰдħĴţôЭϲֻȵԼʱȻʧ
ÿһԼ޵ģΪֽģʥֽҳûô
һʥĻôȻȥǣ浽ʥλЭ飬ôҪʮͣעܹ㡣
ʮʥλ˵̫ҪˣûʥԸһֱҺϵȻûʥô
УҲһ㣬˾֣Ҳ࣬ڵΪ·ͻȻ
ʥѪȾ飬Э
еʥλѪҺԼĨʥֽҳڱð޹⣬Ȼȼ

ʥֽҳȼ֮ؼȻԶһ磬ȻеĻҳȫ㡣
Դ˿̿ʼϵʥЭ飬ʽĽˣԺʥλҲûԼ໥ɱҲû⣬ܹ֮ԡ
ˣнҲܹ֣ΪڽǰǻǣһЭ顣
ʥʥʥЭѾڰǽгġҹЭһ󣬾ͿʼҪˡ
Ǻǣ
ȻʥʥĻشȷʵҹɫһڡ
һ򵥵ЦûκĽͣȻʳԶˡ
λɶĶڣѵҲҪԶľٶҹ׷һ䡣
仰߱ǿĹԣϧȴᱻ仰̼ġ
ǷƽʱƽϣôȻԼ칬֮Ѿ֪ˣΪ˶ԿףˡҪʳˡʥһЦ˵뷨
Ҫ֮ʥλɱҲϧ𣿡ҹһݣ˵в
岻ῪսʥλɱɷǳΪÿһʥλ͵ڻħǱߵһ֡
ʥλʥҹĶԻ󣬶¶һŵ顣
ʲô׾칬֮
ܣôǰǿ칬֮λ𣿡
ϸһ£ò׳֮칬ͳˣ칬ڵĵطض׵Ӱ
ʥ˵ѵǲ֮ģǱһԶλˣ
ԶλӦûдĿܣԶλĻôôںǡ
֮ǰδС˸Ĳ֮ġ
סʥλһʼϢЩţЩܡ
һķǾͶһʼİһʵ
ҹʵҸоӦվһߣϾҲ׺칬˺ֵܶ飬ҲΪͶϺ׻ƴǣȻǶ壬Ը֪ġ
ʥûȥΧۣͻȻҹ׳֦
Ҫܹ˵ǼͬˣôԿ칬ʱҲӵһݼ
壬칬Ҳʤ칬ʥأպ׾ʥǶֺ֧ͱסҹܾʥ룬ͬʱԼ뷨еʥ
ЩʥȻûмҹ£Ҳ֪ڵڶݵĳ֮󣬺ܿʥʼеһС
û칬ʥأպ칬ΪҴ顣
ǴҲ칬Ϊպ칬ǵʥأǻ칬ĵǲ
йصʥҹ˵󣬸æվ


22 
˴ı̬һ۹Ҳ̲ס˾
Ҳͬ칬ʥأ
飡
Ԫ۹飡
׵۹飡
ص۹飡
һ˲䣬߹ͱܵǵӰ죬ԺȻҲͬһ㡣
ԺױȽϤ˵֮ǰܵ˰еɱΣ׺칬˵ˣѾ˹ȻȻ칬Ϊʥء
Ƿ칬ģ칬Ҳʵʥء
ԺԺʱ򶼺ܸпһǰ칬ǵĵˣȴΪ칬ĸͻȻı仯ЩԺɵ졣
ʵǶ֪׵ԸҲõ׸ĺôһʼǾ֪칬֮ôͲˡ
ԵĶԣһʼ֪칬֮Ҳûȫ֧ףҪף鷳
ˣЩûˣΪԺѾʧȥ˻ᣬպǾֻܹǸܳΪ칬ĺġ
Ժûܣ߹Ҳûпܡ
ΨЩ֪ԼҺ칬ˣһ̶Ī˷
Ϊ칬ıֳ˱Ͳ࣬ʱ칬ͬʿ๲ѵЩˣȻΪ칬ĸ߲㡣
ˣЩʥ̲סҪΪ칬ˣΪϵĹֺǱպ칬˱ضϡ
ǿϣݹϵĴԣɲŻϣ˵вٵϽһأеʧˡ
ֱʱ˿̣ײ鼮дϵĹ
ʥڰǷˣٿԱ֤뼸ʱ䣬һ칬֮ŭʱδسܵסҹЩʥͶϣ˵Ҳеˡ
ʵҹγη칬ĴڣҲ׸ҪͶϣΪ칬һʼûκΰҹװҲˡ
ʵ֪칬֮ҲһΪʥȻеǣ˵Ǳֵĺ򶨣Ҫ˵һЩ󻰡
һ𣬼Ȼ˾ʹֺˡ
ǣ͵ʥո˵ʱͻȻһԵ뵽˵ĶС
ಣಣಣ
ǾͷͻȻ⣬űɽССǳֱӳڵĵطȥ
ǣ
ף
ʥȻ֪˵˭
ʥܵƬǵĿֲ󣬸æеʥһҶ״һǿĹֶΣֻͷų˵ĴΧѵһݻ𣿡
ļ䲻Ǻܺãûлشʥ⣬ǼһЦ
ΪʥͲ⣬һСƵֻҪⱾ֣ÿռλһǳ򵥵顣
ڿռλ£Ǹǳײ
Ǳ飬ռ䷨򣡡
ʥһʼû뵽˵֮Ҳæ뵽һ㡣
ֻ뵽ʱѾˣΪǿңԶĻǣѾֱӳǵǰ
ȵȣ㲻˵ôҲʥֵģɵǱ߳ǵʱҲˡ
ڳʥλУֻʥλûܵΪոѾ̬֮ʣǵͶϣȻһǵΪá
ϾҪͥתɲƾ칬ڵܹ쵽ġ
Сף¶ץˡҹ׳ֺȻǸˣҲû˰µ˵
ΪһεʥȻʱҲֻһңΪ˴Ҳ޿ޡ
ͬʱҹҲڰΪֳеֲǿֶΣ׵ʹʲô鼮ȻϵǳԵȻЩγɵĹɱʥλſռͨȴʥλĺܶ
ҹó׵ĹرǿֶκǿΪʥ߾򲻹Ҳߣͥ˿ռ䡣
һǾͱҪһ˵һܹҪȴʧһ󲿷ֵ
ȿһΪ屾ǴʥЭ󣬾ȥϸġ
ʱʥλܹ֣칬׺⣬ûһõóֵĸ߶սڵͥҲͥҪȫĻĻʧһ󲿷ֵĹ
ͥŻԪǶ󣬵ûǸ߶ǡ
Ŵ޽ɵΪôȻԴ߶ǷӳһֵɵĶǡ
֪ˣȥѡʮʥ׼һͥʣµʥź߹Ժء׶ҹͷȻ󴫴һ
ף
ҹҲ˵ԼĺоֺΣϹӦҲС
׵ҲкôģΪ˵ҪʮʥߣһѡˣٿԴҹҵʮʥѡô塢
ʣµʥҹҪȣͬʱҲ䵱ҹ۾
˵ҹûϹ죬ҲһĻصϾûôˡ
ȻΣлǱȽϸм׵ģΪ׵Ϊ칬֮ĵڶ˵Ҫ칬ٺܸҹӡ
ǱߵҲòΪҹС¡ⱾϼĴɵˣ˲ѹ壬ͬʱҲѹͥ
翣ʵúܶࡣ
Ȳ˵˿˻û˵õ־չ˵ȵȣ͹˴ﵽһزĳһطŨ̶ȣӢפ㣬κһҪŸˡ
һǳҪǾʵҲתΪǳǿԵĴҲܴ
٣׾ͷǳóɵ˻ΪôԽκһʥɱ
ɱҲöԷ˲˶١
ʥҲԶˣֻ˵Ϻѳ֡
һĵĻֻǸ֮һ֮Ҳܵţֵػὥ֮࣬ľ»
⼸㣬սʱǱƵ£Ҳûһ˻Ϊ
ΪҪλϣԸΪԼôֻҪԼյȻ󾲵ȸٰʮ꣬ҲͲˡ
ȻĻ˵ʵ׻ĲԸҹԸһرǿԲᱳԼʥҲԸҰĵʥԼߡ
ȥɣҲȥ¶ˡ
˵ͷ·ռںΪһ壬ʧҹ֮ͫС


23 
áƵ֮󣬺ܿ͵ʥλ֮С
ֵλãʥλһȦҪֵǵľ޴󹥻ͬʱҪࡣ
⼸ˣȻǡ
Ϊʥȷ˵Ҫ֤ǵİȫͬʱܹ׻Ǵߡ
Ǳ˿ռ䣬ʥλ׵ĿռֹһܡƵݵĿռΡ
Σ׶Ѵơ
Ѳ޷ƣֻҪĴǶٶѡ
ǿĿռΣһСʱǰң¶ûڶǶܹƿĿռΣõ˽֮ϴȴôˡ
аһͽһȡ˳
һ֣еʥλλͶܵһɳ֮ǿὣ⡣
ʶĽ⣬⾳ûдˣ⽣׵ǿ֮ĽʥܵĽĽǿգһͨλõͨ
λǿ֮£áƵΧĿռ䣬޷ʥЧֻܹһ˿ĸЧ
ƾͿɷռ䣬ʥһʼҪߵĻ׸ס
λǿˡ
ƬռƿߣֻܹһЩʱѣ޷֯ʥ
˵ֻܹӼӣҲ㹻ˡ׿һʥͼչ
ಣಣಣಣ
ͼ򿪵˲䣬İѱ˲ºΧĿռ
֮⣬ʥҲС
ɽúõʱʥȴ٣ֻܹڽ۲ûаѷǿн
Ҳ˵ûа취ʥϸشĴֱӻɽôȻܹȥֻһĻɾΣˡ
Ȳ˵׵Ѿȣ˵칬ûľŮһʥشô϶Źλᡣ
٣ʥôġ
ʥΨһϣľʥʥһôȻͻɲ٣ͬʱ˶̫ܵص˺
ֻϧֶֹģʥ˵ҲӦһ㣬ڵطĿռϲ϶ࡣ
ǹҲҪһСôһСʱױѾɽƿסǵĿռΣʥڷֿɽĹ
ɽڣټϸղŻǵĲٵǼǣô³ֻһ
ɽųƷʥƣʥԶʥλĴڣ˵һжˣֻҪ󷨵İôƾһ֮ĸʥλ̫ѵ顣
Ļ˵ɱǣҲû⡣
ʥλҷǣǾѰ·ˡ
ҺãЩʥ֪һ㣬˭Ҳûȥ顣
׺ϲʥֻǾһɱ֣ȻҲǺϲϾ˭Ҳ
˵ɽڵ˶Ϊڻãɽʥɾżˡ
޴ҪסȻΪʲôǾͿΪʲôȥƴֹʥŭš
ֻϧɽͨĽ˲ʥôĲģĻ޷͸ɽ󣬴Ǽʥλ

ڡ
׵ȵסµ󷨼ʱ˱˲˿ռεϷȻһתֱӽ硷ٻ˳
硷鼮һʥ͸żˡ
Ϊ硷ԹͨܵظȻҲԹͨ磬һͨĻôͿ԰ֱӴ뵽ȥ
飡
ҿ
ʥżʱͻȻһ񱩵嵽ߣһֻ޴צɽ档
̣̣̣
צӸɽײ˲䣬дѪӿ漴ʥҲæһȻʥƿ׵Ľ
ûոճֵ޴Ӱʥı롣
һʹñ֣ʥ˼ͻ÷ǳ񱩣ԸղŻô嶯ֱԼñȥɽײ
ңײ֮£ʥצӲһͱϣĹʱôոʥצӾѾûˡ
һôָȡһЩʱ䡣
꣡
ʥָԼצӣȻƿ׵ɽʱɽͻȻһֻ֮쳣ι̵ɽȻ߽⣬žӽ˳
ʱ򣬽ڵʥλҲץס˳
һ͸æʥߣȻҵ˵ʥû飬ֻǱˡ
ʥͺǷӳĿ죬ȻոջΣˡ
ʥոǿһɫĹâУǾʧˡ
ʥλҲϸģע׽ڲÿһÿһϸڡ
ֻǣʥЩûбǣǷŭĿǺȵ׳գѾʧȥ˶Ը׵ΨһƣǱ״죬ӴԺҲûʲô˿ƺˣǽῪʼ칬Ĺ
ʥһĺƣΪڼǰΪԼ칬Ҳõ׵İѱײȡ
ڿһжӰ
鷳ˣ칬֮ãôǶ˺ֵܶ飬Ҳõ칬ȫԸǣɼȻ׾칬֮ôҲǶ飬һɽʱ䣬ȥħ飬ֻ塣ʥȻϣǲò˵Щ
칬ǰҲرǿŸոճֶãھѾΪ֮һչȥô칬Ϊǿֻʱѡ
ǰ칬ϣħǿҲҪǵ棬ǵǺģǵõʥλħõħô͵ǻʧȥһλʥλʥʱҲ塣
ṹأ֮ϲ֣ôȻǵĵ
ͬʱҲΪһ㣬ʹ࣬Щʱ̲סҪ壬ΪǲΪṹôرΪʲôһΪǵ˼Ͷǳ
һʹǵı壬ǵͻᱻӰ졣
̫࣬黹ûнȻڻȥˣոҲ˲ڶ˵һᡣʥһ仰ʱʥ۾ðһ󾫹⡣


24 ֮
õʥѣʥǸոµ飬ʱֱü
ǰȷʵ״ˣǾڶܹܵѾʼˣ˶೤ʱ䣬ҪˣʱͻʧҲ׶ǿʥҲͻȻ뵽һ㣬Աû뿪Ǽ̧ͷϡ
ڣϵĹѾһأ˵ƶٶȺڳʱƶ֮£ЩʥλλܿԵƶۼ

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ڴµ˹󣬶ʱ̲סİºӵ˻С
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ˣڻɵʱȻͥѾٻ˳ܹͥ⶯õģͥǿ԰һ޴ʥҪ߶ʥҪΪǿҪͥûгתΪʥʱȰ칬ĳԱһЩʥλִײûиµ´̫ʱ䣬ǰҪǣԼá硷˵֮ϡ
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ΪҪǣȺ˸ո뿪ǵʱ򣬶׺ʥĶԻֻĲȫ棬˫֮ĻȴԶ׼˲һĻ϶֡
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ˣҸϿ뿪ʲôûз֣ҪǱʥǷֵĻǾ鷳ˡ
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ʥλȻģҲðգҶ飬ҲѰϾ⼸ʥλǵһ顣
ʥʥλƿأǿǷǳӵģʥλĵΥǾԲϢġ
ˣǼֵûͷ뿪
ߺϵİ׹Ҳˡ
ڼ֮رûʲộ˳Ǽһȥ˵ʥλҲûһ˿׹µġ
׹֮칬ʱ͸ܵһرϢ
ůϢͬΥĸ׻һ⵽ʲô飬ĸĸԱط򣬶֮ط֮⣬Żĸ׻ĸо
ԣĸоǷǳѵõģƾ֮ҲûиܵΣǸûиܵ
ҵǿĹȻٵת
ǿᣬҸܵҵڱ죬һǷǳشĸ죬Ļǵͻᱻԣʱ򼴱㲻áƵҲܹܵĴڡ
ϴ죬ͥĺôˣҲ˵ܹͥˣõϴ񡣡
칬ҲǺܿͷ˽֮ܡ
ǣҲ˵һǶǳף칬ôѾЩ鼮ˣڽ֮ϴϴû˵ǵĶʱͿԿʥλλ
֮ϴȴڸ˴һţһֻҪ㹻ʱ䷢չһԴﵽزĴš


25 
õ˽֮ϴ񣬰ڵվ칬ߵĴڣ嶼ʼ
Уǽ˿壬ȥȥֻֿǽܡ
Ƿĸо𡣡
ңԶĴһֱԶŵĴ˵벻ǾȻл顣
ֻϧڵ̫СˣڷȻϴǵǵһЩԣҲˣҪǵǵﵽʥλλʱôôڵİٱǧ
Ҫƽˣ칬̫ˣҪڻȥĻǾûлȥˡ
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һȺ칬޸пȻǾ͵ͷ·ĳžӸ£һɽСĸо
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֣һǿŨϢϢʱд硷Ϣ񡣡ʥ̧ͷһ죬ȻͻȻֱ˱壬˾һ꣬뵽޾֮С
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칬ˣ񣿡ʥȻǿ񱩣ڶԴ칬󣬶ǱʶҪӡ
ԭոǲˣֻΧʥλϢ˵ܵȷʵУֻΪûͨ飬ѵҪ̡
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׿ʥЩһȫıЩĻͥͻ©
ҪǣͥڻУҲǻûгȶʥΪڻỹеġ
칬ԽԽǿѾûжٻˣھһܺõĻᣬڰղõĻô³ֻһ

֮ͥϣǰ
׿·ľƱ仯̲סüͷ
Ĳģ׻еѰ죬˵֮ǿ칬ûа취׵ĵ֮ͥǶȹһ١
ֹֻ֮κδﲻҪ֮УҪһﵽһزǾﵽһزǵõ׵Ͽɺ
칬ǵõ׵Ĵڲõ̫ǿϴ񣬿ɺôҲǷǳԵģǾܹͥõĵط顢
ò˵ʥʥ뵽ûз
ڣҪǶԼǣͱضᱻʥڵͥûȶҲûзɵʮ֮ϣʥǹĻͥеΣա
Ҳܿȥı˫ۣʼϸԪ
ϸԪͺһ̨ȫ֮£ԴһָԺ֮УЧԺС
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ʱǱҲ뵽鷳֮УڲְĻǿɾΣˡ
ˣ֮ţ
ΣյʱԺͻȻһţһһôҵĴţһ֮ӡǿš
űǱ׸˵ģϸԪİվ뵽Υ
ûϸԪǰʵ׾õǣҲûʲôãΪûдǵҲû֧ǵ
ھͲͬˣϸԪİײŵ꣬ͬʱ뵽˸ʹš
ԶаӡҹҹҵѪٻ㣬ҹҺ˵㣬ɡ
׶յͺһͽԼһξ˳
һױƳľѪɺɫǵɫѪҺҵ׵ѪҺֺΧɢ˵
ﵽһز󣬲Żֵ
ѪҺ㣬ʥﲻľ磬ɵĻ׻᲻ҲǺΪûмɡ
ûɵҲɼľ硣
Ϊǰ֮塣


26 
Դ׵õ֮󣬳˳ɳٶȿһ⣬׻Ҳûеõʲô̫ĺô
ϵͨûа֮壬ҲЩѾѡ
ʱƣ֮ĺôԽԽǿˣǵӵϸԪ󣬰֮Խǿˡ
Ȼ˵ӳ֮ٷ֮ٵܹӳ֮˳ɵ
˳ɵ׵ɾ
ѪҺҲΪԵʱѪҲ˵ڵѪҺͿȵҩͨ׵ѪҺõǿ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ԼѪҺӱ˵뵽һΪɮĺС
ȥɣҵѪҺȥѰҵҹ֮ţ
׶ѪҺһۣͰעУȻѪҺŵȥ
ѪҺ֮󣬲ûֱӵ뵽棬뵽֮С
֮ûã׵ѪҺҵҹ֮ţȻ뵽ҹ֮С
ͬʱ׵ԺҲֳһ޴ŻŻǵҹ֮š
ҹ۹ĴţӡŴͬʬһҹ֮ţҲǴ޾ҹ֮š
ҹ֮žǿʥĴڣڲЩʬϾ൱һ޴ľţǲηľš
Ҳѡԭ
Ȼˣ
Ժиҹ֮ͰһȻ
ҹ۹˾ҹۣҹ۲ǷҹͬʱҲҹ
׵ĸҲҹҲǷǳǿҹң֪һʱ򣬾Ϊһвɺϡ
Ȼƾһ㲢ѡݣԭΪ֮֮˵һЩҹ۹飬ʱ֮׵ֹ
ˣʱ׸֮رϤǸ񲨶Եú֣Ӧ֮һ㡣
ͬʱ׻ǵʱӡҹ֮ʱ
ҹ֮źôҲһʥʱǸʥλ֮ƾԼӦôɾͷӡҹ֮š
ĻһжΪԵʡ
û׵ܹ֮ӡҹ֮ţҲôɡ

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ʥɹǣǶûʹǿΪʱ칬ǱҪһʵֹʹֶͻȻĹ
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ʥûг֣ȻȹǣԼȴһֱʥǡ
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ˣʥһֱʵԱ㵱ѵʱʱȻ֡
䣡䣡䣡
ʥע칬ʱͻȻһ޴Ŀռ䲨
һεĿռ䲨ռ䶼
һ޴ĻҺɫ飬ͳʥǰ
ôϢʥĴţʥͻȻһɲõԤС
·Ϊӡ֤뷨һܿžʹˡ

Ŵ򿪵˲䣬ʱдǰЩ඼ǻˣܵĳԭɽʬĴڡ
Щʬһʱͬһµȥ
ǵĵٶȺܿ죬ʥ˵ȴûʲôӰ죬΢עһ£Ϳ԰еĶȥ
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ȻȴŴ򿪹ȥʮӵʱЩͨĽʬͻȻźӿȥͨų
ȡ֮ģһȺӵߺɫóࡣ
ЩѾ࣬ڽʬһĴڣȴųҲ֪ʲôı仯
ʬڵʱкܶ˵
ĸĽʬǳڻƵʱڣ֮ΪŮɣֳƺɣഫŮһǧѪܷ֮ݵأ֮Ϊá
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ȺʬɵĲǳ֮󣬵ȷʵ쳣ơ
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Уһǡ׽
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ڶǡڽ׵ļ䣬׽ʳţѪȥëȡ֮һ糤ĺëʱһжҲϻʼ¼
һ˵ڽ˻رܣҲֱӺ˴˯вʳѪ
ҹ֮ųĵһʬ֡
ֽʬǳؼǶԸͨƽѣǵȴܼӲԵʲôΪȻﵽһزʱȴҲܹЧ
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ʬڵĽʬϵĻɺڽѪټʮ꣬ëȥжʼΪϿԶ⣬Ҳκμ󣬲ҹ֮ûлײһֽʬǿѪҺģĳԵ
ױǿͷŵֽʬģֽʬ˵ûʲô̫ãױֱҹ֮ͷŵļġʬ
ڵϣʬʬ»ݱ䣬ʬǰĽʬжݣԾɣʳǶˣ
ЩʬǿѪ㹻Żġ
ʬʵҲ൱Ĵڣҹ֮ڵķʬҲ㹻ҹ֮Źڲӵʱ棬ͷų˽ʬ
ǧʬǧʥλǧͬʱǿȿĴڣʱһʼȻնɱЩʬ
תĿǶʱˡ
Ϸ׿Ҳҹ֮ŵǿֻ֮άҹ֮ŵĴ򿪣˵ҲһСġ
ʥҲӽͥˣȻҲһЩ顯ˡ
׵Ǳ߻ûΣպ󣬾ֱ۾ʼþҹ֮ŸǿĽʬԿַͥʥ
ò˵ǷĻͥݵҪʬæػϣôɢʹ죬ϵĻҲֻܹˡ
˭ҹǶǩ˽컥Լûа취ء
ҵˣģԽ˷ʬĺһħˡ
һҺҵ˿ԵֵʥǽŲĽʬҲЩʬʲô֮ʱ׸Ϊɡ
Ҳǿ˵׷ֵĺɲôǿĺɣЩҲ𼶱ǿˣҲ٣ʱҲ΢һ㡣


27 
ʬɾ֮òνɲܱòԻˣ񣬺ɴ˶ּĽʬ֮ΪɣҲеط֮Ϊɡ
׽ǵһٻҹ֮ţʼֻǱʵ̬û뵽ҹ֮ĽʬȻܹΪãҲܹʶݹ
Ҳ˵ҹ֮žһʥʱҹ֮ŵ꣬Ҳȷʵ൱ڵõһʱһɳıֻϧǸľǿ޷ҹ֮Ŷѡ
һ㣬߶ҹ֮ŲҪҪҹҵѪ
ֻҪҪȻٰԼӡǴУôҹ֮žͲǺڰ֮ţҲ֮ţҹҵʥҹ֮š

ǣϷ
ҹڵõ׵󣬺ܿҵ20ͥʥȻȴ׵ٻ
ֻǵʥʥߺ󣬱ſռµĺܽ˼֮ء
һҹʱͱǰѸסˡ
ǿϢǴ˵еķ𣿡ҹĿ˵ķ̲ס뵽ϵĴ
ںܾǰʱҲзһֻһֱǴ˵ʱֻǴ˵Ҫ֪Զʱڵķʲôôֻ֮ſԻش⡣
Ǵʱʱһƴ飬ʱ֮Ѿӡˣ񲢲֪Զʱڵķʲô˼
ףжˣҵȻе㵭ķڣ·ʲôйϵƷҪһҹҹ֮Żûгֵʱ򣬾͸ܵҹ֮ŵϢ
ҹҲҹҵˣȻܹܵҹ֮ŵϢ
ʥˡˣҲܵһϤϢϢǵһθܵ
ҲܵˣһɹϵϢҾԸ
ҹҵʥʱҲ˵ԼĸоܹΪҹҵʥҲҹѪĴڣ㲻Ǵҹ֮ˣôҲҹҵѪҺ
£ͨļ屦ǲܸܵĵҹ֮ʥĴڣɢϢǳǿᣬԻÿһҹҵʥλܹܵĵ
ǣҹҵʥ֮⣬ʥȷʵûиܵκϢҹʱ뵽˼еĴ˵˵ҲǴ˵顣
ҹ۹ֻҹ۹ıſֻܻҹҵֻܹܵҹ۹˵Ǵ˵Ϊܹõҹ۹ıѲǱ˶ˣҹͻȻ뵽һ㡣
ϵһʥ·𿴳ҹ뷨˵ڴֵģ׵õӦǻԵɺϣΪʱǴһٻģʱŻһң˾ŮŽ
ԭˣ
һ˵꣬ҹʱʱѹǶ뷨ɼôһĻɡ
ҹͿ˴ĽʬӿһʼʱЩʬûжΪΪǶһĽʬ˵Կеʥλ˺ˣʥλվڵϣǶҲʥλٵһѡ
һСͿʼгųĽʬ˳Щʬһʱ͸ıս֡
ͻȻֳʮϢ൱ķʬһĻ߾Ȼռݵƣǳͥ嶼棬ճȥ
ˣ
Щǿķʬֺһâҹ˵忪ʼһסȻ칬ȥ
ܵůҹ붼֪ʲô顣
ڷڿʼǷˡ
ҵõڲͣĴŵꡣ
꣬ˡ
ıʺ걾ʿʼˣҷ·𿴵λĴš
ԭˣԭˣȻµʱλѾǳҵһͨλĵ·
Ĳ칬һֱı飡
ҹʥһ쳣ϲ
ʥλĴһõ֮ϴôõҪ칬Ǳߵǿö࣬ЩʥǶλżֻҪһʱõ֪ʶô֤λֻʱ⡣
һߵǿҹҲȫһΪ׾ȻͶϣ֮ǰ干칬칬Կ
ڼĲ࣬ɲǲһ㣬Ϊ׵ѡѾȷˡ
ΪʥЭ飬ͬʱǩ˽첻໥Լûа취ְ칬ֻҪһ칬ټʥôҪڶԿǾˡʥĿգ޲ھͳȥһ
ֻϧûᣬΪʱѾнٸʬΧͣˣЩʬҲ൱𣬵һӮúܣʥϼ£ҲܵʹܵһЩˡ
ҪǣոɱһͻַɹһһĽŲһֱš
ʥ㻹ڵʲôѵҪͥȶȻ屻칬һһ𣿡ʥܵѹڶʥһ
ڵ칬ѾûˣǵصӦ÷ڹͥȡռ켸ǸɴС
һĻ칬ͻᱻ
ѾϣҾȽͥæԿЩɡʥûлӦʥİǵͷһԼеı
ʥôһʱɢһҵĺ⣬һ־ͳգȻͥһɫͨ
䣡
ͨŸոճʱаڵǿƾճ֣һͬͨȥҪͬ⣬ֱӹͨͥͨ
źǣ׵ٶȻܿ죬ʥٶȸ죬Ե׻ͨʱʥѾ뵽֮ͥС

֮ͥϣ׿һȻҲеƣΪͥǿΪǿͥҲ޷κʥ
ϾͥڻûԱͬʱͥڴУĴ󲿷֧ͥߵ㣬Բűʥһ¥
ȻʥʥҲźܴĹϵǸҪԿռΪȻǲһġ
ôһǿλױ㽫Ͷ򴫡ٻ˳
ֱӽⱾ鷭˴칬һ¡
ʥ֮ʴۣȻҵԪ㣬ôڽһɡ
׶һ¿˼ۺͰһʥ֮һ֮ע뵽Уͬʱһһֱ˽ȥȻеʴٻ˳


28 
ΪһԵ꣬ǺϲμǵģμײرϲʴۣΪʴ۵ĺܶ׿λá
˵йϵźܶ飬ױϲӮ̬ȣεʱʴ۸Ӳһ㣬ôεĹ¿»ӵľʡ
ڣײûеһʱٻգѡٻʴۡ
ٻʴ۲Ϊ˱ģҪΪʴ۵
ϸԪʴ۵ܹķӳ

װʴٻʱ򣬶ʱһǿֺ󣬶ʱһ൱ʥ۷弶ʴۣͳ׵ǰ
һʥ֮ټһ֮ԼһҵĴۣٻһǳߵʴۡ
ʴ۵ԣû׵İҲͨʥ
ˣҲ֪ƾʴ۵Ļ޷ʥ۾ȻϸԪϣ뵽ʴ۵֮С
ˣ
ϸԪʴ۵ںʱ׶ʱ͸ܵһůдںϣʴ۵ĵ۾ͱøľҲû֡
Щ֮ӣʱ׾ͼʶ֮ӵɵոٻʴ۵ʱȴ֮ǲܹˡ
ʴ۵ں׵ϸԪ֮ӾȻˡ
һĻʴ۵ϸԪļӳ´ﵽλһЩողܹʹõͨҲԶˡ
ܺã״̬£ĸʥһսȭͷһڵͶһץֱӽһٻȻʥڵķλ
ʴ۵׸ͥ׺͸ǿˣټϴﵽλ׵ĸ֪Ҳǳǿᣬһʱҵʥλá
ޱޱ۵Ĺʥֵλþ
ޱʥʱͱ⻪Ĺһ۾
Ϊ壬ɽе壬￴Ĺ˵Ĵܴ󣬵ڻ̶ϣֱޱİٷ֮һ硣
̫ˣ⹬þģֻΰĹ𺳹ʥ̲סĸ̾һ䡣
ֻʺڵϣϵ粻ʺǣԻȥɡ
ʥпʱҲڸ˹
ף
ʥ˫ϥһףһԾʱ嵽׵ǰһȭ׵ǰȥ

ǣʥһȭǰʱͻȻһѱ׵ǰסһȭ
ȭཻʱһ޴ನನԽʥλ֮µκδڴϣλսನ൱ʥλİ˳һ
ನʥ˵ȻûʲôҸղҲȫһֻ̽Եһ
һʥ˻ȥȻ˵λУⲢı壡
ʥڸո׵оܵ׵ϢʱͷһЩˡ
ûֱȫһȻȫһҲô㼸Ŀ϶ʱ䣬ʱһץסٵˡ
ҵ㣬ԲŽ壬Ҳλұǿ
ŵ˵ţ˵ǰĳһָ󳤽ֱһᣬȻʥȥ
ͬʱ׵˫ֻͻȻǰ˲һ
䣡䣡
һޱ˲ʮֱ۴ֵɫףʮλ˲ʥ·
ɫ׳֮׵ĹûнΪǰ֮ʱҲ˳ҷֱԼǿͨʥ
СӲ˵Ҳ˵ŸӶ̬
ǵȴԽһܹݵͺñʮװһпٻ̹һ㡣
УΪţƽ֣ͨ
ƽöϲɱϲĹǵ
ӳ磬ƽֺͨǿվ
ΣͨƺˮܹơˮϹ
⥣Ϊޣϲƶ֮ϣͬʱҲϲ棬ǿĹǻϡ
P£ƹ꣬ƽøأͨ൱ɽһһȥɽѵĴڡ
£񻢣ǿѪɷͨǲɷɷǿͬʱܹ˵ʶ
ӸƽģͨܶԣǾͨܹƾԳͷųܶǿĹûǿĹȴһ򷨣һſͷųǧ򵽷
ĹǷǳǿᡣ
ǣβǣεǿֶξˮɣȻǿᣬˮȴǿᡣ
֮ӼȻͷųԵһѾκһλȫһ
Ҳ˵ڸո˵֮󣬾ֱӰеͷ˳
ĹȫգôһսͲüˣΪʧȥ
Һõǣ֪һȫգΪͥڵĿռܶȺܸߣ˵ﲻҲܹյġ
ʥ˵Ҫ뿪׵ĹΧҪӵʱղſԣ׵ĹҲͲһӣҪ׻п壬ԼΧһ·Ȼ޷ȫ㿪
һЩܿʹʥϡ
ʥոǿдͥͷһɲܵôǿĹʱһ
һΣʥıŵˣܵںǿû뵽ȻôǿҳҲôϡ
˵һʥСˣӦø죬ҲӦ̽ӦֱӶֲͣȻ׵ĵôһӮˡ
ʱͥʣµУһ˭Ҳûа취ʥ
ϧǣʥûаסᣬͳǿһϹ
䣡
һǿϹ֮£ޱӶ˼ޱĵҲƻ˴룬ΧЩθͱ÷顣
ʥǱİڵϣ³ʺɫѪҺģʥ׾Ȼʧ֮һȻֳ˲СĹ
̶ֳȵĹô϶㲻ףٲףһ࣬ʱʹһɳزѲ֮ʥŰ״̬̲סʳ⡣
Ϊ⣬ԼΣա
Ǻǣ
ź׿ɲش⣬ֻһЦͰһĻٴ򿪡


29 ķ
еĻȻͼˣԴĽ֮Ǿʹֽӱ仯Ϊ˻ӡ
򿪺󣬾һӵ󷨺İѱ˳ȥĻͻᷢ󷨸ϸСɵġ
Ϸʽգһ˻Ϊֻһ
һ׾ȻʥͼӦͼĽ󣬵Ȼ֪ʲôˡ
ǺʥͻȻԼôóȻΪͥԼңټǿнģԼܹӳ߳ɡ
ʥҲֻһλͬλǰʥĲǶ֡
Ȼʥ֪ڵѾʣ޼ˣŻôۣоΣա
ʥǵһθܵΣգԴΪλȴǵһΡ
УҲܹĻôˡʥҲ᲻ѡܡ
뷨һʥܿ͵еȻѰͻƿڣһˣȻͻص˵֮ϡ
һ׿ʱ˫۶ʱԵЩżȻٴ߶ɽٶȣ׼Ըס
ֻϧʥٶȸһԾɽ󼴽ͷųǿĽʱʥʹޱ˳ȥ
ʥ뿪֮ͥжʱһϽӻʥأͬʱоԺҲô嶯ľͥˡ
һεĳ嶯ֱӾˣֱ۶ˣЧǵһҪʥΪԼողһˣġ
ϧʥ֪뿪֮ҲһΪҪٲߵĻ׿ɾװȥˡ
ˣ
ʥߺ׸ոٻͼʱͰĽ˻ȥȻԶϣص׵ߡ
֮׵ʴҲ䵭մޱ׵ʧˣ׵ϸԪҲֳȻͼصԼıǰ
֮ɢȥʴ۵壬ΪոѾȫþˣʱ㶯ͼǼΪǿǿϸԪ֧ţĽٻ
ϸԪص׵ʱͱúɹûãɫͿʼòҰס
̫Եʣ׵ϸԪ֮߰Ѿһ˿ܵϵϵͨͨϵ໥ںϣһܵ˺һ˵Ĺϵ
Ĺϵ˵סףǶ׵Ƕ׵ϸԪ񣬶õĺô
ΪԪΪศһĹϵôٶȣͨµıֹ
ٶ⣬ֻҪ׵ﵽϸԪĸ߶֮ӳҲ󻰡
ȻĻҲȥ
ϸԪںϺ׾ͼý߶ҹ֮ţάԴԴϵĽʬҹ֮ӿ
ҹ֮ŵҲܴϸԪҹ֮ڵķǳǿô׸ûа취Щ
Һãոʥոһһ͸һᣬһ嵽ʥĻᡣ
ʱͥ·
ʥڿʥӳ󣬶ʱԶͥȻ˽ǲĿ棬²ŷʲô顣
ոգʥȻܵشǷǳе˺ֱ۶ʧˡʥĿһУ֪׵ǿôҲ벻ʥŸոȥһӣǱ
ʥôϵ˳ˣʥһּʥΪ׵źǿλҲòף΢һעͻ
һĻڳȥôҲûкùӳԡ
ˣ׼ȻŪЩһԶõûʹ̫ΣҲȷûаþûþĻȥĺҲһʥĿͥ
һҧȻߣȫ룬ǻȥ֮ѰҰ취
ʥǶѾϵĹʣһ֮ңѵҪŹλ𣿡һʥλʵĴš
ǲܳˣѾزҪǳ˵ĻԺôܻлᡣһʥλҲʵ˵š
ʥҲܹһҪȥҪռϵĹһʥλҲᶨ˵š
һ˵ţһ߿ʼǿϳ壬ֲҪĳʽʱǱߵע⡣
Ǳ߱Ҳյ˳˵ڶǲģҲǴ뿪
Ȼ͵ʱѾʼ׼˵ʱʥλȴͻȻһϳȥʥλʶľΪ˻ᡣ
ȻĻʥλΪҪһʱô
ǿʼĳˣһǷʲô
ʱҪǳ˵ĻôҪкôͻᱻǵõϵЩҲǵˡ
龹ȻҪǳ˵Ļôôͻᱻǵõǲ˵Ļ͵ΥʥĺҲ֪
Ҳ֪ʼҲ֪Ǹü
ЩʥλĴڣÿһӣҲõʥȴȴֻڣϣֲϡ
ֱһԺƴһΡʱЩʥλһ¶ɫȻֱȥ
ǵʵǶĶ˵ġ
һĻ֮ͥϵ׵뵽֮С
һʼʥѡߺ󣬱ΪһжѾˣ˭ȴʥλĴڵͬһĳͥ˳
벻ǾȻô񣬿ֻܹЩ칬Լ¶ˡ
׶·۲Ƭ̣ǴһϢǰһܹٻǿڶٻȻʥλĳ
ǵǺǿʥصʱ䣬ǵҲߡ
ҪǣҹǱ͵ϮԿиʥ֮ʱʥ֮ÿԷӳӦе
ֻҪʥ֮İæôҲٻһǿĴڣٿԵֵϰʥλ
ɽ˵Ļ޷ֵôĳ
ˣʱ򲻵òǸѰҸİԴ˶ȹһεѹء
̫ˣȻλҲʥλһе˶ͥûκλᣬʲôĹһ򵽶Է
׵˼ͣתԺֳָһϤӰ
԰ﵽң˵ڲ磬ϸԪΪۣ˵ԻȡֵĻһΡ
һˣ׾Ͷʱ硷õϡ


30 ԵظԮ
ܵظԴ쳯Ŵ
ܵظƹĵط궼ڱڰ׶е磬һƶҪڴ˽ᡣνǻ䣬䣬һ磬һ硣˶˵ɭֲǹ»Ұʵ˭ۼأΪһ磬гҲˡ
ڵϵ쳯ʷУĹŴ񻰺͵̵伮жܵظļأʱǰﶼΪйѧ˵
ܵظйŴѧҪɲ֣쳯ĿռΪ죨أ˷УŮʱְף磨գ£ˡศˣе鶼ǣ
ò˵ѧ˵ĺǿܶʱ׶̲סдйص鼮
ܵظܵظдˡ硷硢˽硢ؽ硣
ģÿǣ쳯ŴǾΪ˷ֻǣΪĻΪεǽγˣԺ죬κڵء
ȻûôùȷʵҪҽƾҵ޷ϣڵѾûбİ취ˣҪǸܵҵ뷨ôþһа취ҶȹνѰɡ
׶š硷˵һ䣬⻰ʵҪ仰뵽ܵظ֮еġ
˵˵仰ʱҲж

ܵظ
ܰڵظ֮ı֮ϣ֪˼ʲô
һʱ棬ܰΪܵظӳɣеõ˺ܴ
֣ܰܵظеѾﵽɼ۷壬ڽĻͻﵽɼ
ÿʱܵظҲӺܶࡣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪչȥôܰҪԶܵظ֮ˣﵽһزʱֻܹܵظгĹ¶ͳͷ
ִڰޣִƸִִ
ܰȻﲻִĵزѾԼѾе뷨ˡ
һĹ¶ܺùȥʮҲˣܰҲûоܰѾʶˣչȥĻô޾꣬ǧ꣬һʱΪܵظػߡ
һϲɵ˵ܰĿʼˣǿЩ궼һתʱͻȻҲҪת뷨
ڣܰ˼Ÿһ㡣
ܰ˼ʱǰͻȻһ⣬Ÿոһ֣͸ܵһϤϢ
ϤϢ׵Ϣ
Ϣܰʱ۾
һΣܰ۾ʱ˫۶ʱͱ쳣ڣͬʱ֮ͥµĵطҲͻȻһڵ۾
۾ܰ۳ۣ֮֮۵۲ģͥظˣҵظҲͥĹϽ֮ܰͥ۳۲۾
ǵõ׵Ҳܡ
Ȼ鷳ûҵİѶɹȥ֮ܰ󣬶ʱ˾
ͬʱ硷鼮֮ԼϸԪݵܵظ֮С
ܵظһʼڵֿ׵֣ʱƣܵظڽ
һ޴飬ܰǰֻֻ˰ƴľ룬ľܰȻûûķС
źǣܰȻͨ˵ûõģΪķ򣬳״򿪣ȻĻ޷뵽֮С
ųֵ˲䣬Ҳֳһ޴顣
ĴŸܰǱߵĴһģһģųֺڵһʱͿ
Ҿһҹ֮ŵĳ֮еĴڶڵһʱͶԶԶġ
ҹ֮ŵĳ֣ѾһЩӰοһidŻֳôĲźѪ⣬һɲԤС
˭Ҳû뵽ܵظ֮ţΪ벻ظ֮Ż֮ϡ
˵ظǲӦø浽ʵģǵӦֻܹ浽ꡣ
ӵС硷Ȿ鼮ԼܵظܹףҽòٻȻ⡣
д۵ģҪҪ֧ҪôҪ֧ܰ
ûˣܹļޣǴôƴĵطʣµһУͶֻܹܰԼˡ
ʲô
ÿֲϢϢЩҪֲ
ǸϢոͥԣѵҲ칬
ϸһ£ϵǺһǿĴš
ĴţĻžֻһֿˡ
ڤ֮ţظ֮šţһֳƺ֮žܵظĴš
ʥλھݵĹ۲֮ȷžܵظĴţһǾֶס
ڤֱ֮ӽһ˴뵽ܵظУܵظǲ˽ģһ˽Ļһʱͻᱻ߽⣬ǶԷӵʣӵ塣
ֻͨ壬ûԵĻʥ
ͱѺȻܵظķǽʮ˲תͶ̥
ˣЩʥŻڵһʱ㿪ǶŻͻȻ򿪣Ȼ
ǵȴ͵ڸܰʱ䡣
ҿ
ܵظڣܰȫ˫֮ϣʼѽһ򿪡
ܰϵĵظ֮Ŷʱͳһ˫ڵ˫֣˫һͲ˫֣Ǵеħצһ㡣
ͬʱ˫ħצɢŨϢ
˫ħצ˺£ظ֮űĴ򿪣Ҳʹʮӵʱ䣬ͱһ롣
һȻСˣ޷ܰ
Ѿˣҵ޷άˣھǿһɡ׸һԼ״̬͸ܰһϢ
û취̫ܰǿˣ編ȻҪǿҪǸܰӵʱ䣬ѴܵظгȻһٴɱķ
һĻܰҲܵɣ˵Ҳܳһʱ䲻ӵôǿ
ʱΣпʮ꣬Ҳпǰ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ܰǿнĴۡ
ֻǣܰûлҪͷŹĻҲ̫ܵķɡ
ʱͷţҲǴţȻһȥ塣


31 ˣ죡
õ׵ĸ֪ܰҲͲټ˺ظ֮ţǽеԼ֮ϡ
֮ܵظڵܰǿһԼ֣һݣȻ˲Լ֣ͨظ֮뵽֮С
䣡
ֽܰ˲䣬ͥĹâڵһ֡
磬ʲô顣
ֽܰ˲䣬Ҳ֪ʱ׵ǰÿһĻ
ʱ֣ܰΪ˰ֱӶȥԼ֣һֻ޽ӽɼǿ֣һֻ̺ķ֮ѾԽеʥĿǰ編ڵ׿ֺֻ󣬾ܰΪ
˵֮󣬵ظ֮Ҳͳ׹رգȻʧ֮䡣
һĻҲͲάӴġ
ò˵ܰһٶ͵Լһ׽ʡһ֣ڵ״̬ض뵽״̬
磬ֻ𽥱󣬶ϷֳһƬƣڸô졣½ʵҲóһεǳҪ
ظ֮ѾرգҲ˵ֵֻܰѾϿˣҪٻûаֻֻٵʱʥλ
״ֺͽƴʲô
˫ۣȻ΢ظһ¾Ԫ֮ڼȥֻ֡
·ʥλҲ뵽ʲôȻ໥һۣŲżϳȥƹֱֻ֣ӹͥ
ϧǣԥʱ䣬ѾͥԼһЩָ֮һԪ֮
ǿ֣벻ܰѾﵽزֻϧǲĴڣȻƾһ֣ҾԺɨ硣
Ԫ֮ס֮ܰ͸ܵжôǿᡣ
Ͼ۷Ĵڣλȫһһ£ûа취Ƚϡ
ҪֻֿһֱڵĻôֻҪ׿ȫһһٵһʥأλλֻܹ˱ᣬȻĻᱻһ
ڣײǵ߷ʱڣͬʱֻҲܵ˷ѹƣ˷ӲȫԸЩʥλǱҲˡ
ظ֣֮֮
׸ȡϵͬʱҲ̧Լ֣·һġ
䣡
׵һ֮£ռ䶼ҵĲĿռϲͳͥ·
ϲһֱֶѣ֮⻹пռ仹ݡ
Щó嵽·ʥλӳֱӱķ飬漴ʧȻ뵽֮УҳΪƵһ
ҵ
ΪʲôΪʲôֵĹôǿ
ֻǵꡣ
Ҹܵܵظٻֻ֯ǽܵظȥĻǻ᳹׵ʧȥתĻᡣ
Щʥλǣ껹ûеһʱ䳹ʧԶ׷¶˿־
ڣһЩĴڣҲηĳʧܵظֺ󣬺ܶʥλżԼֻҪתôٶȾѵĿܡ
ȻԺСҲпܣȻǵֹ꣬ǵܵظһĻ˭ܵ־塣
õõʧ
޴ĴڣѾˣȻѡôҲ͹ֲˡʥǶʱ¶һ˿Ц
˵ʵЩʥλ֣Ϊ׻ֻѡ뿪
뿪֮ЩĵʥλҲŲʵ뵽˵ϣȻ̰뿪
һ̣ѾȥĻָˣ˭Ҳȥȷ׻ûֶΣֶΣ³Ҳһ
վϿһеķ֪һԼһΪĽˡ
λߺҲͶϿ˸ֵܰϵûãپָķ顣
ַǳǿᣬ־Ե£ûκֿͳױ߽ΪԭʼΪϡ
ˣǼĻһҲûֶˡڵһΪڴĲԼͬʱ칬
һʧ˵Ļôʹֶ뿪칬һ
磬ˣӮˡ¼ʥλߺ󣬸˵Ļһ䡣
ǰӮˣ˵ӮһΣҲһᣬһĻᡣ˵һ䣬Ȼһƨ˵ϡ
Ϊ˵͵һĹǺľ
磬þò
ƾȻôǿˣѹĸоʥλ
ǿΪʥλɾ͵ʥλ
磬칬֮
칬ʱҲڳ׷ɹ󣬳ֵλþš
ڵû뿪ҲΪǡ
칬ˣǵʱҲû͵׿ڶҲʹӵվ
Ҳڴ󷽵ĳԼ칬֮
һĻЩոռ칬֪칬֮׵ˣһȵĳͣһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôá
زѾûʲôҪˡ
Ҿ칬֮ͥĵһۡ˵Լݺ׻һָ˵ǿ̫Ѿ칬ˡ
˵׻ŵһָ˵ͥͳĺģѾˣǵ滹ȫǣڽʱ棬ҪǾԼͬʱʼԼȻ׼巢սҪһͳ磬֮ı硣
֪Լ޷ƿ磬ֻеõ˵֧֣ܹһ㡣
˵仰ʱҹҲ÷Ҳ׵Щ
һͳ磬ѵһʼĿľ𣿡ҹ˵̲סһ䡣
˵ʵܶˣй룬ȻǷģʵǹǸеģûܹһ㡣
ΪͳһֱӰĨȥôֻҪʱսԴﵽҪǳôˡ
ʷ޾֮Уֻһ㣬˼׽칬ҹҲΪܹһͳ磬嶼׳Ƴ
һͳ磬ͥͳ˧飬ƿɣȻҲһ㣬ٸһϢ֮ʵǵľŮ
Ϊģ˵һܡ


32 ˽
֮ǾŮ飬칬ҹ֮⣬Ҳֻº֪
ԣװϢʱ˶̲סĳͣ칬ȻôΰĴڡ
˵֮ɾһ˵˵Ƕ칬ˣǶ˵֮һ˵˵Ȼ֪칬ʲôϢӵġ
ԭֲ֮ǸûκιϢֻ֮ĴڣΪҪ칬ҹ̲סһ䡣
ΪʥڵҹҼ벻֮ͨΰĴڣڱ˵¡
˵֮ҹԼ칬ǿԼԴֻҪͷû㳼Ǽ칬
˵ҲйͷǷŲԼңԼ档
Һ֮һȣǼֱʲôǡ
Ҳ֪֮ʲô飬κҵϿͥĴڣԲŻͥҲΪİԸӺĹ硣˵
ʵҹĴڶ˵Ҳһ˵ҹվһߣֻҪûм칬Ļôͻ׸е
ΪĴڣͻȻ뵽һ飬Ǳһͥƥ䣬ͬʱԿκμͥˡ
ΪǸڣѾʱдⱾˣڵдڻ¡
СףҪʱ˼Ͼ칬͵ڷɣҲһˡҹ׵ĹǣҪʱ䡣
ȻҲֻǵĵͷ
۴ˣҾ칬Ҳϣҵļܹ칬
Ҳǣ
Ҳϣ칬
ҹȻûֱӼ칬ȴʥվ˳ֱӱʾҪ칬һϼҴڵ֡
ЩʥȻҹǰǿᣬǵļҲرǿԼ칬кôͬʱǵļҲкô
Ҫ׸ո˵Ŀһͬ磬Ҵڵľ칬пһʱ칬Ҫǳɹˣǵõĺô֪ж١
ڵ칬Ѿǰ칬ˣȻǵͶϣҲֻܸ߶ս
ҿǼ칬Ҳ԰ǵļ˶֮ͥУǰһطǵļ˲ܹ칬ֻܹڹ̶ĵطţͬʱҪһЩ˵Ĵ㡣
ͥҲҪģҩιޡȵȡ
ͥոճͥϵ˼һٸȻһ˽Ȼǿͥ
ͥһز׻ȥʮ졣
Ҫһʱ䣬Ϊʮǳǿᣬͨ˽ûа취棬ѧʿĴڵǿȥ̽ʮ죬ǵҲޡ
ʥλĻҪ֮ͥͥȱˣȴܶˡ
ͥҵˣΪͥõķչҾͥѧԺѧԺλþ֮ͥϣѧԺΪһʮԺѧԺгȡԺߴ۹ѡ٣ѧԺÿһδȣξԺλãҸĵһҹײҹͥڲ飬Ƚһ񽻸ҹ
ѧԺÿһ˵˲ŵֶΣͥôȱˣô齨һѧԺʲˡ
һ齨ѧԺͨѧԺֲҪ飬ͬʱҪԼѧϰ󷨡ȵЩκθйصѧԺ
ѧԺ𣬿뽨һǿѧԺǵԺǳΪģĿĴ徫ӢһɾѡͥѧԺĵطһԺʥ̲סĸпһ䡣
ΪԺʥԼĽѾͷˣΪͥѧԺһʥûУֻҪװѻųȥôеҪ뵽ͥԺС
ͥѧԺǽͥеѧԺҪѧԺĻ͵Ҫ֮ͥУһĻͻᱻѡз
õĺô˵ͷǳĶ࣬οͥôĺΰе˶ľ˭ֲ뵽֮ͥУʶһͥĴء
ֻҪͥѧԺôǶԺӵм̲סҪ֮ͥڣʱͥԺûκһʦΪʵĵһԺ
ͥĺ㻹ûдﵽͥɲʲôֱӳΪĽ㡣
۵ȷʵԺһᾡ촦ֻԺأҹһ⡣
֪׵ԺͬͨԺ˭̵Ǹ⡣
һ䵱ʦȻ칬Ȳ˵ЩΪͥѾ㹻λãһҪûдһƪ£硣
ױһµģܵͥķʼȶԱ㽫ѧԺƺ󣬶Ǽٻˡ硷鼮Ȼʼд硷еһ£Ҳ˼硣
˽磬Դ磬һ磬λ硢ؽм䣬һе㣬Ҳһеյ㡣
һĽ˽д뵽ˡ硷֮С
˵У˽졢ءΪС磬ûеظǿᣬͬͥ˽ʵһеĸ
ظĴΪ˷˽磬˽Ҫظֻأ˵ظȻǿᣬĴΪ˷˼硣
ͥʵҲΪ˷˽磬ͥĴڸ֤˽粻ַÿһ˰֮ƶõչ
˵һЩڿԸ˽ķչҪάķ
Ҳ˵˽һеĸͥɡҲǴ˽絮ģ˽Ҫġ
ʮʮţһ˽ˣ顢ľл飬ɡ
ɼ޵棬ȥα棡
֮֮Ի޵˶ԻšŻ顢ϵ
ν棿֮ҵλɣԷʵ˿ռϽҲ޵˵߾磬޳߾Ӧػ־հԶڷܣ̿޳֣¹
ддţ׾д˽Ϊؼһ֮ϣǾ
֮ϣһ·ֻ塢ſߣûа취ֻܵͨǵõ׵ġƵܹһ㡣
ǣд˽ʱ編ʱͱ÷ȻڼԼǷкô
ͬʱͻȻҲŨʼ̶ͨȣܿͱȻﵽʮ
ʱ飬Ũ̶Ȼڲͣ
д˽磬һԭΪͥѾ˼ޡ
ͥȶʱҲĽ֮ʱ


33 
࣬塢ȨǷĴڣ绨ľȵҲǿԽġ
ȻľԽôӵԼ־磬ȻҲǿԽġ
ĽżĹϵΪдĶṵͨطȻطգͬʱ뵽Լķ֮С
õЩͻһزʱҲ
ԴӵȨҲʧȥȻֻܹΪߡ
ӵ֪ҰΪȴڣΪϡ
ãȻ޾ʱ֮УȻ˲֪ʶҲ˲ٵǶûдﵽı׼ҲδıʱҲδٶȱ
Ȼ͵һдܵظȴһθܵ˽Ľ࣬Ϊܵظĳ֣ҲٶλĴڣҳλ
ǡ硷۶Ӱ죬д磬绹һɡ񹲴棬˵ĵطڵʱ
ĽҲڵµʱʱ£彫ᱻţеֻ࣬һֵѡ
ͥѾȶˣҲʼˣʱ˵һʱ䣬ᷢԼı仯ûǵİҲѾעˣǵĲֻ֣úܿ졣˵
Ȼûʱ׿ܶƵ鼮͵ӰٽԼ֪ʶȷֻҪ岻ĻôоĹȻıǿָɡɹ
ƣķֳ̫ǿˣ֮ǿΪಢ޷Ļֶ忹⡣
ΪһһʧҪһȽϵĻôһĻҪǧŻ
֮Ĳ࣬ҲΪһ㣬˿̲ŷǳơ

ʥڡ
ʥڻ֮󣬾͸æһѪ֮УȻѪصָƣͬʱʧֱҲһ
ȻѪźǿĻָָܹ֫
ţ緢˱仯طøǿˣռǿҲˣΧҲŨЩı仯𣿡ʥ˿һɷǳõ뷨
ǸոڸսʱѾ׵ǿѾԽ֪
ʥû˵˿ʹٻսôҲ벻׾Ȼеλս
ⷽĻ˵׵Ѿﵽλ𣬶Ҫ߳һΣֻſһ߲ʵ巢ӳǰǿ
һ뵽ʥһķӦֻףװѷݸĻôԵֵ
ǸǩǧƽԼӦҲ޷ǿսϾʥǩ֣ȫѡʥ˵ǵģҲʱûдġ
ʱȥĻ͵ΪֻԽԽǿ칬ҲԽԽǿĴڣǧʱ䣬ҶﵽʲôزǱҪ취ı״ǡʥҲ֪ʱԽ׾ͻԽǿ
ϧôҲ벻İ취о仰˵ĺãǾǡʮʮšҲһǶ˵Ҳˡ
ʥǺܺãͨħܹܵеķꡣ
ʥʱһͻȻ뵽ĶУҺܿ컹һźӰƾճǰ
Ҿ֪˴ģȫɡʥħ֮ûнţǵ˵һ䡣
ʵڰǰ͸ܵһϢֻǹϢǳƮ죬һʱûλãԾͼװ֪λãôͻһʱɱԷ
Ͼܹһ˲࣬ʥǲܣǸڳ˰⣬ֻпħˣһʥΪԷĻ⡣
Ȼʥ˵֮󣬰Ҳʹ֮˳
ڰеߣһɢǿߡ
ʥӦ֪ѾˡһǶʥһ䡣
仰ȻǼٻҪĿĻΪ˿һ¶ѡ
УͷħѾĹˣ벻Ȼҳҵǰһ˵״̬ѵͲɱ𣿡ʥûеʾãĶŰУȴŰ˵˿̵Ŀġ
˵ʥڿħͰͬʱֺ󣬾Ѿ²µǵĿģڰ׿˵֮ǰе㲻ȷΪ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
ĿģʥѾˡһЦȻȻʥĿ⣬ֱһԾѪ֮С
ѪصĻָղŰѾˣҲ˵״̬ҪѪָ
УҲһ̽ʥĻ͵ʥʥû˰оĿѾﵽˡ
ʥҲ֪칬жǿԹƾڶԿ칬ǼҲûãҵҲޣǻҪһǿĺ飬ھյĺβľȨϡһ˵ţһ߿źӰҲħħ
Ȱ˵֮ʥʱӿ˼֣Ͳµ˰еĿǸе𾪣Ϊħĵˡ
Ĵں뻢ıƤʥڻеѡ
ħǳɹĻҲᱻҲΪħŹ磬ݺʱգ˲֪磬˵ӦֻǿѰɡʥûоܾҲûͬ⣬˵Ĺ˼ɡ
ʥ˵ħĻǵĿɾͲֹԸ칬ˣҪɹĻҪôԴЩħ
ͬʱǻҪʵʩűħᣬ΢һֲעĻǿɾΪѡ
ڵ״˵ħĴڿҪ칬Ӽ֡
ʥħȷʵɹܶ磬粢ͬΪǲģҿŹ磬˵һרռܵظҪǰҰܵظᵽ֡
ħԭҲĿģĿ꾹Ȼܵظ


34 綨
ħ޵Ĵڣ˵ǲĴڣܵظڵ걾ʣȴͬġ
ڴλħʱ򣬾ħٻһħеĸ߽״ڣȻͰܵظħһ˵֮ħʱȤ
ħ磬Ϊľһֻ꣬ŻħǱøǿ󣬶ΪľŻṥһһ硣
ֻ鲻׵ĵطǾǷΨһģԼж硣
ҪǵĶԻһħͬȤΪ֪粢Ψһ磬ı棬һͶӰ硣
֮⣬֪лһǾױڵ磬
ǣԴ󣬴δ˵˭ܹ磬ҲͷѰҵ뷨ôúҲصˡ
Ȼײص򣬵ȴ֪֮Ĺϵ
ԭҪܵظô֪ǵõܵظ󣬲ǵйʥһ䡣
ûа취֤ûѡΪҸܵĵжǿᣬƾǵĻûа취Ըǡħν˵š
ǱһȺĴڣǺǶ硣
ˣʥͷ˵ǵĿǶԸͥ壬֮ڸƾֶΡ
ܺãȻѾӦˣôһͬȥʥеͷӽѪ֮󣬾֪ʥЭ
Ͼڶ˵칬ĵˡ
УһӦȥʥ˵ħĿʲôҪʲôѵĲںôʥŰһ䡣
ˣʥڶһ㿴壬һʼΪ޴ģоͲվһˣǽ뵽ĳַ״̬״̬֮£һжֻΪԼٿ塣
ϹĵˣıϸĻҲһ㶼롣
ˣʥ֪еĿĵʲô
ҵĿĺܼ򵥣ǾǳΪĴڡеܵ·˵Լһ
״̬ȴʥ
ԭˣΪʥһֱΪ御ľһеĳɹȴˣͶʧȥģҪľֻǿԼ˵ѾҪˣ𣿡ʥ·֪ܶࡣ
ϾʥҲǿĴڣһҲΪ˼Ĺס
ʥһ»λ˼ҪǳΪ˰еĻôųҲһԷԼ壬ֻ׷Ѱδ֪ص
Ҳͬ飬Լѡ񡣡ɫһǳ˵
ʥĻ˵ʹûиκ˵ʵȴˡ
ʥҲһ㣬ԾͲٶ˵ȫȫĻָ
ħҲûʲôĵĸı䣬ǻظ

һߣһд˽磬һ߸ı仯
Ľûʲôرĳ棬еֻ˲˺ܶ࣬ͬʱطҲøǿ
Ϸ˵ֻҪǴﵽʥλͿƿգھʥλ۷ĴڣҲѴ򿪿ռ䡣
УǾ֮󣬵編Ҳǿ˲٣ܶǰ˶ķһ̶޷ô׵ʹˡ
Ƕ˵ǵͨ˺ܶࡣ
Ľǿ˵ʲôܺõ顣
ǶһЩƫС壬ʲôΪûе˵ǾͻȻֿú£лŵûһڶǵĸܵˬľҲˡ
٣ƺԼ
ʱдٵϢ档
˽ǿɵģҲô˳κҪϴĥ
ֻо٣ſзɽ硣
ȻǿһԼֻоٵϴɱ䣬ͳȻ״̬
߶ɲ磬ΪٻعرԴ
ٻûбд꣬Ѿ֪պΪ˷磬ôضʹóֶܶΣаŵֻҪܹõֶΣᱻΪӡ
֮ͣ
ԺöѾУ
Ѫǿ
ľ֮飬ǿ

һĽдոﶼһ壬ǽ͵Ĵڣƾһ㣬Ϳ֪һʱ˵ʱ
һʼ˵ģĳͷ
پأ֮Ϊ췣
׶趨һΪأһؽٵžؽ١
塢塢塢ǲľ֮飬ֻжȹžؽٺ󣬲ſз硣
ǿ֮٣ش٣١
ֻءĻɣһֻسֱַңôٳֵʱ̡
زҲãĴȱҲգǸ̬⣬֮һǿ϶ģ飬ɷħǹƽġ
У鶼ڽΪܶţ˽֯γɸܣ涷ҲԽԽңìĳصյ±ν֮٣дС
УĪ٣֧ת£һع磬˿ת֮ν֮١
٣ֻеõʥ˿ɻ٣һãɴ󶯵ݱΪ١
˵ʥˣɲͨʥʥʥʥˡ
ּʥٲĴڣǽͶӰ֮ϣҲˣ֮Ҳ޷ƿǵˡ
׾־磬޷ݵľ롣
֮ӣ˵ĴڣϸԪͶӰ֮ӵϷǳΪʥ˵ĵһ֮ﶼֶ֪֮ɾͲͨдܹٻˡ
Լη֮ӦʵڵģҪԼȥѰҡ
ϸԪѾˣҪʥҪѰҵ֮ӡ
Ȼ˵ЩΪʱ硣
˽֮˽綨
һ仰д꣬硷˽ƪҲڽˡ
ͬʱҲʼͣĲ׷׳֡
֡Ůɢͬԡظ֡ͥ֡ӢԶؾȵȶͣС
綨
ǡ硷졢ء糹ȶһֳܶ
ͬʱ׵Ҳ˳׵˾һڡ硷д׵ͻȻתΪһԼһϷ


35 
ֶȻ翣һﵽһ̶ȵʱҲǻȻ̬ģ̬ͷ
ﲻ۷֣һ˵˴ﵽһزȻԻ֮ͻƣȻƻΪһƬϺϺŻữ
һһ磬ɽ֮ǰһɽ
ɽﵽһز֮ɽͻữΪϷȻ顣
˶ڸ˵ı仯дˡ硷֮ȴֱӴ˵ĵһ磬ǿľ磬Ҳ顣
ǿı仯Χ칬ûϳԶȷʵ˳
˲֪£ļʶɲ칬ܹģҹҲ޷֪ĴУ֮⣬Ҳûʲôܹˡ
ͳһ㣬֪ǿ
Ͼ֮У񶼲ȥôҲԻʱƾ㲻ȥռҲɿԵõʥλ
ЩΪǿ塣
ûдѣϵĽҲǴڵģһջˡ
һΪ۷ʬҲûκһԼ˿Դﵽĵز֮Ҳû
֮ǿǿĴڣ鲻ǿܹõġ
˵ǿӶһЩԼˣҪﵽּˣɲô򵥵ģΪҪϿɡ
Ϊдˡ硷ѾõϿɣ־Ѿ׵ǡıΪṩϵƵķС
ûӣȴܵѾϿˣǳԵĸо
ױ۾Լı仯ͽϵġ硷鼮ϣȻһס
һף鼮ܿͷɵϣȻ϶Ϊһ
ˡ硷֮󣬻һһ˽
⣬һƴ׵С
ƿƣǵõϿɵ飬ɴ磬ͬʱ֮
ڴ˲䣬׾͵õƵԡ
˵ˣǱġ硷鼮ֻǵõ׾͵ڳʧȥˡ硷鼮ΪⱾѾ绯Ϊ˷
ٰⱾһĻͻ᳹ʧ
һ粻ǲܵ飬ֻҪԼľѪԺľѪԼ硷֮еݣͿԳɹѡ硷鼮ٶȻء
糹׵ʧ
õ֮һǿơ׶ƿ˼ۣȻͰ뵽˹ʱ̵Ŀռ֮С
һǿʥͬʱҲһΣ簲οĴڣƣӦþƣְ֪Ĵڡ
һ֪ĴڣպֲٵĻô˶ѰҪƾƳΪǿĴڣƿͥ
ףĽѾˣǸʲô
׽Ϣʱ׵˼
ûĽѾˣҪľϢʱϺúҪȥѾŮһ׶˵һͬʱҲǶ˵
칬ڶС֮ûһ˵սԶʱó
һЩ֮ҲƾһͿԿʥλ
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һʱѾˣ֮ĳΪ࣬ôھҪһܺõĳɳ֮ʧ˵Ļôܻ᳹׵䣬ҲҲıԵ׵֮⡣
һ뵽֮İ׾;ȥ֮
磬Ҹһȥ¼ҪߣҪһ뿪
ҪҲܶ࣬ҪԼȻ㻹øͥѧԺѧѧϰϾͥûж֪Ҫ¡ҡҡͷѲһȥԭ¡
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һУȻΪ˰ȫ
ź¡˵תͷҹ
ҹͥӵʮ칬ʮԼʮ죬칬ͱפֻҪΪǵˣͿԵõһҸʮ칬ʮɷ䡣
ͥĹܶ࣬ÿһһڵеĹˣԼ˾޷עЩóһֽ칬ʥ
Щ칬һĵõ˹κΣȻԼ϶ΪһΪƿߣҲ͵ڱļ칬
ò˵׵ƺܺãҹںһպֻҪ۵ݳֻ֣ܹ׵£ҪԼһвܹ׵Ŀơ
ллˣ
֪ҹ鵽ԼȻӵжʮķȨȻǼ
ֺͥκе۹˶֪ЩԲͨĹȻײû˵ЩǿᵽʲôزֻҪǿͶ򴫡ˣܹסЩеĴڣٶɼǿڡ


36 ǿ
ɼĴڣɲʥĴڣҲǰĴڡ
˵ֻҪﵽɣôѹڵ׾٣ЩħҲΪ壬ôô״ﵽġ
κ˵ʵ̫ңԶˣֻҪõͥЩ͵лΪΪɣּĻǶҹ˵Ҳˡ
˵ҹ̲ס˼Ҳ˼£Ȼʵ˵𣿡
ȻģϣǿԾƿ칬ͱΪͥľͳ󷨶ҪЩ칬ͱӣʮ칬ʮ˵ĻôڳʮλҲܼš˵
˵ͥĴ󲿷ַ󷨡󷨡󷨣Ҫʮ칬ʮȡ˵Щ칬ͱҲһ󷨣ֻҪȫͻͥγת󷨡
һ󷨿ôЩ󷨵ת֮£ͥŨ̶ȣͥﵽһֲ˼ĵز
˵ЩΪʱ磬Ϊ칬ĹɲôƿصģοƿҲô򵥾ùתġ
תɼĹҲҪɼȡɵĻҲҪɼ
ңЩ칬ͱȱһԣҲ˵Ҫһ˸ɼĴڣſͥת
ɼʥλҲһٸڵĽڼʥλĴڳһٸﵽ㹻ЩʥλмܹƿЩ칬Ϊǵˡ
ǳΪЩˣôҲ϶޷뵽ɼĴڣʱҪˣ֮鲻Ƕʱڵ飬Ҫõ顣
ˣȻˣֻûǸʱ䡣
ҹЩ⣬ڰ㣬ȻֻʥλֻҪõ֮ļӳ֣ټ£ôͻʱﵽλһ˵ţһ߽һָ֣ҳȵ֮ٻ˳
׸ոյõ߼֮䱾ҪյġƵǿ
鶯Ȼûǿѹȴܵһ׺ͣǳ׺ͣرҪõҹ̲ס˵
һ˵ţһߵֽ
ҹ˲䣬û뵽֮УҹԺоͳͥȫ
ȫ׵һΪƿķֻҪõô͵õͥһֿȨ
ģΪǸ綼йϵģֻܹá
Уҹõҹͷͥкܶ඼ʼû뵽֮УЩļӳ֣ҹ˲ʹﵽλĶ㣬Ȼ͵õΪλ
λλԣҹôɵĴﵽˡ
λĸоȫһΣ£ʥλȷʵ޷λ⡣ҹһ˵һͷųһ
һΧڳ˳֮⣬˶˲䵹ףȻȵĿҹ
Ȼλ
ͨλҪȰлǿɡ
۴ˣȻһʥλʥֱλ
ȵȣŵĸһ£ͻᷢϢԼ⣬һɵϢˣͥϢ
ԭˣһ͵ͥĴˣеõͥļӳ֡
˸ܵҹͷų󣬾ʹͱʡ
Ҳ˵Ҫǵõ׵Ĵ裬ôǵҲԴﵽز
ҹҪסͥʱһֱλһʹ˽磬ôλͻʧ˽Σյʱ֮Ϊ۴һͥϵͨȻͨͨͥ㣬ʱλʱͽ֮ʱ䣬ҪԼȥˡ
ҹ̫Ծʱȶҹ˵ס
ȷʵǿֻҪֻſԷӳ
µͲͬˣֻҪ֮УﶼԷӳ㹻ǿҲµΪֻҲ֪
Уڲ֪ҪԣҲûе˵ǿᣬֻΪһ˽ϵƣ渽һػѡ
лˣһú֮ұ֤֮ĴڣͥΪȫĵطʥֽҲ뿿һ졣ҹ֣ص˵š
ĵһأҲĸڵĵط
ļأʮĵĴڣǿǵʮġʮ塢ʮأؼ֮Ϊ죬Ҳ֮Ϊ졣
ƿȻʥˣûʥˣҲֻͥķ̫ǿᣬû㹻ǰǽС
ʥؾ֮µĴڣΪǽͥĵһؿȻĸҲط
زǿᣬͬʱڵıҲǳϿմ飬ѵһı
飬ɫʹһοɵһΪ
·һˮأˮƽ羵ؾȻðܹ۳ʥˮɣЩʥˮˣ覡
ЩʥˮӵмǿһοɵһΪУҲܹȵĵΪʥˮһãǾϵһķ֮£ྻƣ㲼֮䣬Ϊ֮磬˽磬Ϊĵһػطһ졣
κҪͥĴڣҪȾһУؼֻױˣɴ˽磬Ĳ˻ס趼
ǿһЩӵͨ˽ظûʸˡ
˽˽ãظҲŵظã˽ײ֪ظþǴӰͨһģÿһÿһĹܡ
뵽˽ʱ뵽顣
һҲίˣҰ˽㣬˽ߵʱõܴİͬʱҲܹ¶İȫ
˵ҲҪ˽ȥѰָ֮ָҹʲôĻ鲻˵Ҳĵġ
ǣ΢һ£Ͱ顣
ҡȻܾģȴҡҡͷֱӰŵϡ


37 Ѱ
˽׵İҲͽˣɨһΧˣ˵ңǾŬĿӭԼʱΪʱȥΪ˳׸ı磬Ŭɡ
ûʲôرĵĻûʲôѪڵԣǵ˵֮ڳÿһ˶ĵ˷ܡ
񣬶̲סڳ˸еˣΪڵ̫ˣȾˡ
ˣͥͽˣҪȥѾŮ칬ˣǾԲġ
һ˵ţһ̧ҽһ
ˣ
һ֮£ܿһ͸ͨ׵Ľ¡
ȵȣ۴ˣ˼֮鷳𣿡׵ĻУһҪ鱨
Ҫһ飬ʱû԰ﲻҪȥûֱ˵ʲôֻ֮ȷʵ鷳
ôҸһȥɣϾҲ飬ҹҲ㹻ǿҲ
Ǳͥºǣ֮飬ڵѾﲻҡҡͷֻ֮ͨ鷳ôĶظ֪ɵó
֮鷳ҵطתˣԲ֮ûгɹԶ˶һҵ֮˵û̫ġ
ԣͥΪص֮һ
Ͼڽһʱ䣬֪廹аǾԲԴеġ
ðɣ
˵زҲͲִˡ
˵׵Χͱһ׹⣬׹⽫峹װΧ˸Ρ
󣬰׹Ȼɢȥͬʱͥʧˡ
ʧˣ
𣬲ʲô顣
º뿪΢ôһʧ䣬ǿǵ飬Ȼ˵ҪӭȢǵ顣
ײûǣ黹һʱ䣬Ѱ֮ҪȥĻͲ֪ᷢչʲôزҲΪʱ䣬֮ͻΪò׵İ
ģֻ֮Ҳ칬ˣΣգȥȻģ鷢ϵĻҲôѡ񡣡Ȼеʧ䣬ɻڷչʧ˼֪Ϊʲôѡ뿪
Ҳãٸߵ˶ǳһ㣬ǴûиıġҲͷȻͳͥڲȥ
Ѿٻͥ¡Ҳѡȡһ칬߱סûеõ׵ɣ޷õһ칬߱΢ԥһ£͸һȥѰҵطסһ
˵Ÿոʶ£׸ղѾ˵ĺˣڵĿǱº顣
Щ칬ҲȥԼˡ

˽磬
ϸԪ֮ǾԼһƬɫĿռ֮Уͳ˴һС֮ϡ
ĳֲûСϵע⣬·һʼһСߵͨһҪǾһ۵ϽۣʱҲԵ÷ǳƽûȥע⵽·Ĺ֮
״ȻϸԪ֮ͨһ
ϸԪǿһ꣬Ԫ֮ǿᵽԸʵʹƭ˵ĸ֪ǿˡ
ڵϸԪ֮˵²鼮ʹκƾԪ֮Կһڼߡ
˵ڼߵȼвǺǿĿǰܹƾԪ֮һ㣬Ҳûм
һ뵽Ԫռ˵壬֮Ϊ֮ǰʹùͨ
ʱ֮׵ĸڱ˵֮ϣͬʱ԰ԼԸںϣֶҲûгɹһΡ
ȻҪʹͨҲҪɵģ֪֮
ˣΪѧϰԪ֮ͨҲҵ֮
֮һ飬Ĵڲһ¼ĺΰʷ飬ͬʱҲһ˸ַͨ顣
֮׾͹۲һΧ
һǳӵС򣬹ӵݣСûʲôͨʱ
˹ӵСøոմӻͥףôһĲӦ
ǴҲչ˲ĵطĹӵСΧʮׯܵĹô³ֻһ
ипһ䣬֮ǰȷʵΪҹͰУԼʥһЩеģϾҲ塣
һһ׶壬ҲԶƵһ
дٵʱ򣬻԰д֮١
нǿϢ
Ժ

͵ɨС״ʱͻȻһϿڵ䣬׵ĶС
ң⼸仰׻ǳϤǾԴ߹ԡ
Բ̺ŴҲܹӳǿĻԴﵽλһ
׻źڵĵط˹ȥ
ҵԴ󣬷ֲһʶԼԣһźܶຢڶǸһ߶ԣһ߽Ե⡣
˵ĶԵǷǳС˵Ҳ˲õ֪ʶˣΪƶСܶ˶ʶ֣ȻǻЩԣе˼
ȥĻҲʲô벻ϾжûЩ
˸ǽĻЩȻͻ⣬һͿԿһǻۣǻ۾͵ڸıǽԵеĿ࿴
֮ϣ󲿷ֶһǾȴûռ¡
ʣʵʱѭҲķ˵һЩаŮĶԣߴҽʲôܻһЩǸ˽
ΪСϸӽ飬Ǻѽ̵һģǷḻһ֪ʶѣΪСûжǸ⡣
ЩôɺϣΪҲĽ飬Сǡԡ
ôɺϣȻֱ뿪ˡ
һˣ׾Ǹһʯͷˣ֦ڵϱд߶˹ȥ
ȥʮ꣬׿ԸܵʮĻУһǺܸߵ顣
ڿĹУ׻Χźܶͨ鼮Щ鼮ϣС˵ȴǷǳѵˡ


38 ٴ
רĵĽ̵ЩӶ飬˵ЩӾСδΪܹСչĸãҪЩн̳һ
ֻСڳܹС򷱻ֱ߾СָʲôʱһѣǱһͷװ͸ˡ
˵סźƽЭ飬ֻҪսôɱһСᴥԼɱһǳҲûʲôֻҪɱϸϿ뿪ͺá
ƽԼҪʥλλʥλλ֣ôսҲ
λСֵܣӲǱ֮ˡ׺̧ͷɻһ䡣
СȻһӣҲΧʮׯЩ˼ң˭ԵСء
οȻȥ״̬ҲԼϢ¶ЩƣҲóײСˡ
ѧոｲԣԿһۡ׵ʵʵ˵ȷʵǱԸġ
ԭСֲֵ˳ڣ
׵Ļ֮󣬸æӴʯͷȻһ֮
֮ǣѧеһ㶼ʹǡ
ҼӽипǧԴ㽫һ͸㣬ϣĴܹٲʢһ˵ţһߴӻͳһ鼮
ⱾķһƬհףûдκּ˵һۿΪһհ׵飬鼮һ֣еͲ˼£·ܵĳѹơ
ƾӳ֪ó鼮ԭ򵥡
ǣСĽ鼮Ȼ˵һҳ
δңãã˼
Դ̹ƺɣٴǱ硣
ȺʣԳơ
֪컯Ԫ뿴Ͷ򴫡
ܵĽһҳϵʫ˳ʫһμȴ뵽˴֮С
ʫûʲôر֮ݶЩΡı˵Ҳʲôر֣ʫһ̫ˣ֡
Ͷ򴫣
ֺ۾ҲŲⱾˣⱾ齻ףҲ׵Ժ
ڣǶⱾ飬Ȿ鵽ǲͶ򴫡
۾Ĭܿ뵽һ֮ľ档
һԵ׿ĵͷ
ԣֻϧûС֮Уܹ׶ĻһǣҪЩطҲûľ
ױһϸ󣬾ͷֶҲͲټת뿪СȥѰй֮˿
˽һСʱǻع˳Ǹ֮ľ硣
һСʱ棬һµͶ򴫡
ͨ˵µͶ򴫿ֻҪʮңֻͨĶ飬ǴʵĶ顣
ոյĶ״̬ͨ״̬˺ܳʱ䣬ҪľǺǿոնʱ
ȻͶ򴫣Ͷ򴫣СֵõⱾʥ飡
˳״̬󣬻û̧۾ʶΧһ⡣
ֻǣ˺һȴֲûԼ̧ͷһۡ
ףأ
һͲˣΧЩҲġͻı仯һʱûзӦ
֣ôͻȻˣոġ
˵ոȻ¡Ͷ򴫡ľۿģʱ䣬ǵøոѾȥһСʱʱ䡣
˵һŸոո˵껰ѡ
ɻʱͻȻһСܵǰȻúӶе˵ǸѾߺܳʱˣߵʱҸ㣬һҪúⱾ飬ⱾΪĻضջء
С˵Щ󣬾ܻص˺ȺУһˣ
˵ĻȻǰˣһӵĿھҪáͶ򴫡֪ԼݣȻⱾ鵱͵ģһɾ鷳ˡ
Ϊ˱֤ԼĻ׼ȷ׻ԼһԪ֮ע뵽˸˵ĺӵڣԪ֮Ķ˵ʲô˵ǿɾɵҩ
ΪʱûдջԪ֮һͻ᲻ͣ꣬ʱ䳤Ļ׵Ԫ֮־ͻһزл׵Ԫ֮
˵һԪ֮ĵȼǸ߹ĵõԪ֮õ׵һƴУװԪ֮Ҳ㡣
ϣԽ࣬պͥ˵ԽҸܲܳɹͿԼˡ
Ҫ֪õ׵һԪ֮ô˵޷ֱӿָӣǹĿȱ죬ʵҲ̫࣬پ͹ƾʶԣѾԽ˾ųɾŵ֮ͬˡ
ʮڻ޷ӱô׾ʹջԼԪ֮
׵뷨
ױˣ뿪Сֱ˴֮ڡ
ǴΪĵطͬʱҲǸ֯ٷ֯ľۼء
˵ҪѰ֮Ļôƾһ˵ޣҪ߹ģݣΪ֮ΣգŻ
ڣװԼϢαװú󣬱ڷй
һС֮ͻȻԴǺϤһڣһȺۻΧ
Ǹı˵һ죬칬һʥأʥѾǿʥˣպЩĿǽͥˡ
ǰҴδԽͥҲδ칬ĿȻΰ󡣡
ʵǲ֪ǰһνͥĻᣬֻϧʱұͽԻˣΪͥһвİȫ֯Ծ;ܾˡ
һȺĵһʱ򣬻һп˵ԼԵ
Ļ׶¶ЦݣΪԲ
Ҫ֪ױڼ֮صʱ඼иƭˣʱǰ칬ɵˣȻ칬ˡ
ڵĻҪ칬Ҳûôˡ
λ̨Ҹոտ¶˻ĵЦݣĪҲһԵˣ
ЦʱûأñոǸԳˡ


39 Ȩ
׵αװǿϤ걾ʵĻܿóס
òҲϸԪĸ˾ۿԼҲֻܹһͰԭݡ
ҲһͥĻǰֻϧûаסڵĻѾĪ˵
˵һĶԻһǸԻ̫ˣԾٳ˻硣
ǰңǸҲŸпһ䡣
˵֮ȻļžӣЩ˶뵽һЩԼĻԵ
ˣʱҵǿȻ̨죬ȴôҲǲˣ̨֪ǿƽһ󣬾Ϳʼѯ׵
ǣף
Ҳľ͸Լһ֣ϵĻ͸ɴʹģĻһǿʱ٣Ҳʵ벻ˡ
о仰˵ĺãûʲôʱԸˡ
ǣң
ǿ׵󣬶ʱ̧һӾΧע
ңǲļ𣿡
˻鱨ھˡ
Ȼҵҿ׵׼ңպضͥĴڣ벻ȻܹһӵܣǸùϵ˵нͥĿܡ
ױҪ͵һģ˭һеļ嶼Ѿˣǡڵһļ壬˵ǰĺǱңͥһǾͶѾΪ塣
һЩĵ̲޷ЩأʱƣͥԽԽǿЩҳΪϵѾǿˡ
ʲô߹ʲôԺʲôңڶɶ
ǿȻͥȻйϵļǻΪһֻܹӶʼλ
ʱڴ󲿷˵ܹʶһҵӵܣǾһǳ顣
ЩܿͰ׸Χˣһ׵ĿľʹﲻˣͻȻһȻλ쿴ޡ
仰һ˵˾Ͷתͷź
ʱǷ˵ظֱӽ뵽Ӱ档
Щعͷʲôûк󣬶ʱ֪ԼƭˣڵѰ׵ʱ򣬾ͷҲˡ
Щ뿪Ȼ֪ʹʲôȴȾÿϧޱȡ
Ǹ״кǿΪԼõһأ˭ΪԼһʱڿ죬ȻĴˡ
˵еԽܣڶ۵鶼ôˣԼһ˻ͷ߳
ֻǣǿ֪Լ뿪ͬʱһ޷Ӱһ뿪ˡ

ҡ
ž
ǿصԼ鷿ʱǳĹľţȻһƨһð档
ϧˣһΪҵԵʴ˽ͥĻᣬڶһҵĵڣҾȻִλᡣǿ޲óԼӡ
Ȼ뷨ȻĳԼֻǺưˡ
Щ˵ֻһΣһЩ˵ȴкܶΣһλղסȻźҲʲôλᶼղסǸ˵ˣλᶼסĻ
ǿƵʱͻȻһ뵽ǿĶС
˭ʲôˣ
ǿ󣬶ʱͱһȻæʼѰ׵Ӱ
ֻҿûҵֱͻȻܵһƳֺ󣬲ͻȻתͷ鷿еס
㣬Ǹҵˣ
ǿ֮󣬻ûеһʱ뵽׵ݣ뵽׸ոձݡ
ȵȣôҼУϢ֮䣬Ҫ֪ҼгŴѧʿĴڡǿͻȻ뵽顣
˵֮ŴѧʿأֻһӵܣӦôɽǵĸۡŶԡ
ο׵俴ҪС꣬ǿ޷⡣
ˣҽף׼ȻѾֳͣȻûݣΪҪǿȥЩ顣
ܣôܾǡ
ǿ˵֮һǺܿ͸ܵһǿѹѹֻһˣǿѹ֮£ǿʶ뵽һƬհ֮С
Ͼֻһ˶ѣ׵ϸԪ֮ɲһĴ
һС׾ͳԼѹǶǿ˵ոյȴ·˺üһ
׵Ԫѹǿֱһƨ˵ϣȻڴڵĴ
Ǻεȵǿ󣬽һϢͲҸоԷԸĻҸոնѾΪοˡ
칬֮ʥߡʥߡʥ벻Ȼҵǰ
ǿвͣ̾ţ˵ʵеܣΪףôĲԣϾ̫̫ĲôˣȻ׶Ĺͺܴ󣬵ɱĸ߽״ڸࡣ
ˣôҲӵʱӦѾ˰ɡ׼ǿֻڵϲ̲סһ
ʥ칬֪֮ν£ǿ׵ʱһʼ֪γƺףϾ׵ĳƺ̫ˡ
ǵֺͥҹ׵칬֮ݹǶ֪Ĵˡ
õģҲôģһٸһμ칬Ļᡣ׵˵
ٸһλ᣿ʲô
ǿֽ뵽״̬֮С
ΪһǿȻǼ칬ˣֻҪ칬ͿԽͥͥͻڳΪ֮ˣڸڵϵһȡ
Ҫǣλͨ˵һ˵ֻҪͥĻͿԿ̽λĴţٲҲԿ̽ʥλĴš
ϣĸһ㡣
ܼ򵥣ҪһˣҪǸ˭ֻҪһǰңһͻȻֵİŮӣǸŮӵǺҪǸŮûʲô飬Ȼһʯͷ
һ߻֮ģһ֮ò
Ů˿Ҳû¥ҲϢôȥһǰ³ŮŮӦúرĳضźܴͬʱӦúϲɫ
뵽֮תɹĿܣǾָһ
˵֮ͽһ˳
ǡͶ򴫡ԭҽ㣬Ժ߹Ҫҽ̵ʱҵǸŮͬʱһҪ֤İȫκβء
˵󣬾Ͳټ˵ȥǿŸҪǳĻҽ֮֡


40 Ŷݼ
֮ѡǿȥѡЩߴĹͻʵۣΪ׵Щ˻֮вõ뷨Ͼ״ĵһˣ϶˵ע⡣
һҵӵܾͲͬˣײԳ棬ȻѡͶ򴫡ԭǿ򲻵ѵʱǲǿ¶Ȿԭġ
һĻѰҾͲ̫ע֮
ǿѰ֮⣬ҲѰֻ֮ķȻǿֻƾеı仯ȥѰҡ
Ѱ֮ķǶáƵƵ׸֮мŦ˵֮ҪתɹôͻϿⱾϵⱾٻϢ
һĻʹáƵá
뷨뿪֮󣬾Ͷһһɽ֮С
ɽΪ˷ֹţô˵߹еĴѧʿѧʿҲеģʹáƵѰ֮ĻһᱻĴѧʿִѧʿ֡
ԣŻɽУȻʹһвʼԪ֮ȫͶ뵽ˡƵУʼѰ֮ټ
ƵõԪ֮ȫӳֺ󣬶ʱͱһҫ۵İ׹⣬ɰ׹λ˿۾
۾һƬհףϾ飬Ȼֻǰ֮飬ҲԲСӡ
ϧֶβܹΪļͬʱΧޣսĻֻҪ뿪ΧͿ׺ľ
ȻΪѰ֮Ҳνˣ״̬֮£һҾʱ䡣
ʱֱ׵Ԫ֮һգźײûҵκ֮ӡǡ
ΪʲôоⱾƵĿȨȫϣΪҲ֮Ϣڰʱ䣬ԪĿռ˺ü飬ϧʲôûз֡
ҲصĺܺãϾ֮
֮׾ͳ˼ҿʼ˼ƵԲϢ
׵˼֮£ܿ˽
ˣƵ治һռ䣬ͬʱ棬ԼǳҲ֮Щ棬ֻĻ͸鷳ˣܻҪܳʱ䡣
뵽󣬲ɵ̾һΪҵ֮ģĻܻҪµʱС
µʱ䣬֪ᷢʲô顣
ˣһ԰ɣһʱΪޣһûнͶͥȻѰ֮Ķ
뷨˵²ߣΪڡƵҲ֮ϢôⱲӿܾ͸֮Ҳ޷ˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ܻ֮׺ǲģǳǿҵĲġ
ôߵģʱûֻܹʥУֻܹȥΣյ飬޷㣬ڲͬˣĴҵʧôҾӢ飬ҲҪصҵߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬׵ʹﵽһּޣִˡ
ִÿһ˵һּͬʱҲһᶨͷ
ƽһ֮׾Ϳʼָ
Ԫ֮ûôûָڻ֮ͥϣҪԪ֮׻ָôҪʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ϢſѰһ֮۶˵ܴˡ

º
緢췭ظı仯Ⱦ֮ǰʮ
ʮĲ࣬ƲǺܶ࣬ʵϸ֮ͬ
ĻѾһ˷ԼͻȻˣֻǻ֪ʹؼ
ͥԺҲʼԺС
Ҫǣµʱ棬Ǳȵסĳ˳ȥ
ϺȻС֮һ˵Ѿ壬ǿʼֹͻȻǶ֡
ƽԼĴڣ忴ԼһҲգ˵׾ʲôֶοܴԼƣ߸ɴٵԼȻ巢ܹ
ϵͥ嵹ǳϵûκ뷨ûκ뷨
Щ仯Ȼܴ󣬵ģڹĵľ֮
źǣ׽ˡƵΣϧûҵ֮ϢΪĿռ̫ˣһϢͲǶʱܹɵġ
һǿͱ仯ҲһЩ˵ע⣬ǿܺõˡͶ򴫡Ȿ壬ֱӿ˺ܶССȻȥֻ֮˵ѰһԶŵѪѡ
һʱ䣬ûܹ¸֮;ŮϵȻҲ˶ͥĶ뷨ûһҡ
ڰеҵģиļ
ֻǿֶζԣȻǼңҲʵҲǣԾֻܹ׵ļƻ
ֹܿȥʮ졣
ʮ棬֮ûκνչڽ죬֪һԼʧܵĻôֻܹʱˡ
׷Ļôܻܡ
˵ָԪ֮ײûмŽ뵽棬ǿʼ˼
鼮Ѱңڳ齱õĻûκοܣԳԪ֮Ӧһİ취
׵ͷһͿʼͣ˼
ĴԴʱͬһټŵ׸βܹûκ£Ѱҵʧ֮
ȵȣ
һ뵽׾ͻȻԼ񲢲ûκˡ
ˣҲûκһؼֻϧ̫ˣҺӣһʼҲû뵽취
ͻȻ֮䣬׵Դһ뵽һȻҲѣȴпܵķ
־ƾһ֣޷ټҵһ˵ǵϵͲͬˡ
뵽׵Ժжʱ͸ֳһ鼮
ʱһǳ鼮һڵϱ֮Ϊţ࣬ѹ鼮
Ȿõɫʣôͻǳǿ־ǡŶݼס
˵Ŷݼһ飬ʵϻ˵Ŷݼ׾һµϵ
Ĵھ͸һһȫµĴڣĴҪܶϵ
ŹԡУΪġ
Ŷݼסڵ쳯Ŵ쳯Ŵʱġšɡ̫ҡرеĵһ
ֶ֮УŶݼһ
ΪŴ쳯ĵ߲εԤѧųƵ֮ѧ䱾һŸߵȵѧʾ̫ϵ˴Ǻ͵ų


41 
Ŷݼеġ桱ָ棬ҡšָżݡˡšݼָѮ׶Ǽ졢ɡ
Ŷݼ׵ҪͿЩ֣Щеɾ˲ˣϿ˵ǲĴں͹ɡ
ˣŶݼ쳯֮Ϊһ顣
ݹ˵ļأԤܶĶֱ֮ӵĴڣ˵Ŷݼ׵ͨ͵ȡ֮ӵ
ֻϧӦǲֵģʹŶݼҪĴۡ
Ŷݼסûϳ֣ҪǰдĻһļӳ֣ڵԣƾļӳ֣ǾһЩδ鶼ܹͨ
֮λãȻҲǷǳпܡ
ˣֻҪдŶݼףŶݼ׳Ϊһ飬ôҾпҵ֮
뵽ȻǼΪϲģ㾲ı۾ϸԪ뵽ͼ֮ڣֱӽŶݼһйص鼮˳
׵ͼ֮ڣŶݼ׵鼮кܶ࣬Ҫټ֮дһԼŶݼס
¡̲Ÿ衷֮š顷֮š
׵֮ǰһЩŶݼ׵鼮ʱͶϸԪǰ
Щ鼮棬еǵʦд鼮еϿһЩϴĹżЩͼʱż鼮ÿһݶܴеĸޱȣеļ׶
׶ԣȻֱӰЩдֽ֮ϣǲûֱôѡѧϰһŶݼ׵ʹ÷ɡ
ϾײΣд飬ԾܵϤ֪ʶɵʱ׸Ŀ
ѧϰĻǵʱ䣬׾ȥѧϰ
һѡ磬ǡƵе硣
޾ǳɽԸּɡ
Ҳ˵Ƶźܶ༫Լ˼˽Ŷݼ׸ӵкô
Ҫһ㣬ΪŶݼ׸Ƶĺܶı䶼໥ϣŶݼס鼮ƳֵĻôڡƵ˵Ҳкܶĺô
ҪװѰԡŹеȵϢȫĻ˵ƵֱӳΪ飬һ׵õĺô
뷨׺ܿͽ뵽˻Ƶ֮С
ײûֱӿʼǽʱٻ˳
ʱ̣ıʱ䣡
Ϊ˸Լ㹻ʱ䣬ֱӶһ1һʱ䣬ʱȻȴѧЩ֪ʶ
֮£˵Ϊʱˡ
ֻУһʱҪʵ̫ˡ
һΪױȥңҲ˵һʱҪһҡ
˵Ϳȥ٣ʵѾܶˣѾںҵʹˣڻҪңͿжҡ
Ƶе󼸾˵ԼӣأоǣŶݼ׵֪ʶŶݼײĻ˼˸ͺ⡣
ǰѡƵֿһߣſʼŶݼס
ʼΥѧϰģΪ˸õѧϰ׻ѧ˵ѧ˵ȫͼڵ鼮е˳
㣬ʱܿ͹ȥˣֻǼǿϸԪһʱ䶼Ŷݼȫѧͨ
ױ˳磬ص֮ϡ
һλ׵Եı仯ıʵ֮ǰİɱ¾Щˣ˵ôһ
ǰԭòƳ˵ǰһΪһ쵼ߣѾйܶɱ¾ˡ
׸һֳȻ⡢Ʈ鶯ĸо·Ӧóڵһ͸ôе
˽ŶݼһЩ֪ʶı仯
Щ⣬׻Լڲ֪УΧҲˣȻҲԽӴŰ֮⣬˰Ļʹ÷ȴһҲ֪ˡ
ȴһЩı仯͹ɣƾЩɣͻȻָ̧һȻһȭͷСĻƾճ֣ȻֱӴ˲ԶһŴ
ľˮ
򱬺׵϶һߣ˼ӡһġ
ಣಣಣ
ţľˮͶ
ЩĽϣʱõϲľʼӵʱ䣬λõֲͷʮֹ
Щֲﻹ˱죬ü߹Ժԡ
ʮססǧף
׵УֱܿƿΧǧ׵״Ҫ׼Ļ׾ԼƵķΧܹӣĻľͻҹҲʹˡ
ò˵˵ҲջΪֶβҪҪңֻҪ㹻ǿ׺ͶȣѾ㹻ǿľ㹻
ֻǣԼûϸԪĻôҪһҪ浽ڣ浽ڵǳºͣûǿľҲԼԦ
ͨһεʵ飬Ҳƿ˷Ҫ㣬㲻һε֣ⷢպҲȥоģεĻһ˵Ҳһջ
˷֮⣬Ŷݼ׶˵ҲǳҪڻǺżҪŶݼ׵
Ŷݼ׾Ȼ˵ûϸԪĻʱҶţЩַŴ壬˷ǳˣǽŵĻǲС
׶šƵ΢ĬƬ̧̣ͷһգȻһ׹ֱӽ£׽ӻ֮ͥС
ֻһâ˵ۿɼͨ˵ȴʥλλ׵ĸôǿԸӦڵ

֮ͥϡ
ڻ֮󣬱ֱ֮ڡ
ʱǿŵģΪͥûʲôҪ飬Ͼڵͥһôˡ
Ȼǿյе̫ͥˡ
ſյ̲ס̾Ϣ˼䡣
óйھŹԡСšȵ鼮ֱӽ뵽ˡƵе档
ʱʮ꣡
һҪѧϰ֪ʶ࣬һͳʮʱ䣬ͬʱһǧңֱӶһʮʱ䡣
ʮʱ䣬׿Ժúѧϰһˡ
ı仯ʱȫûʱȥᡣ
˵ͥʱ򣬿϶źܶ鷳Щ鷳ҹ״ġ
ҹİ׿԰ѧϰ


42 ٽ
ʱţתۼʮʱ͹ȥˡ
ǣ˵ʮ죬ɶ˵ʮꡣ
ʮѧϰʮ겻ϵо˽һЩšСԡŹȵ֪ʶ
Ϊ˽Щ֪ʶ׵Ԫ֮뵽˼Ϊ״̬
һ׳Ϣ˽£Ȼż뵽磬뵽˷ѧϰ֮С
飬֮飬º飬ʱŵ˵ڶλΪֻҪⲿͿҵ֮ͬʱҲܹͥӵǿ

˽磬ɽ
ΪѧϰԼʱ䣬Ƕڰиʥ˵ҵʱʵ̫ˡ
Ϊµʱ棬ǵڻָ˾ųɡ
ʥΪصģôֱͥ׵ǿһ˵һжΪĴ⣬òϣһɱ
԰иʥָ˾ųɵ󣬸æ͸æɽʼʥнӴ
СʥҾ֪ǻ벻ľȻôʥ¶һ˿ĪЦݡ
ЦݵȻѺõЦݣǼЦݡ
÷ˣһǴˣԲŻ׵ļƣڶˡʥеŭ˵ʵһĶ˶ˡ
Ϊӳʱ򣬼ȫˣǶ˵ΪһӲˡ
Ϊʥ״Ĵͥܣ˽µʱ䣬ѾһЩ忪ʼʥˣʥʥ
бʥôһ˵ҲƣͬļʥȻܵشǸȥƴǵƴ֮£ֵͥһѾľһĻѾͥ
Ҳʼ˵һһʥҪļ˵лᣬźʥˣȻĻܲ
ʱʥûսʤףҲһͥش
ˣǾͲҪ໥ڿˣһ˵ʲôˣҵʱ֪ƵĻȻҲͲ᳷ˡʥȻǺó̡
ǣлһ̸֡
ò˵жǳọ́ЩֻܶҪľګһǳó⡣
ЩʱһЩֱƾʹܵˣԺֱӰѵ˸˵ش
ЩڲģֱӰѵ˵ľ
ʥ˵ĲǲӦڧӦ˼ζԸͥ
ʱͻȻһ뵽λĶԻ֮С
һ֣кʥûʲôʾʥȴˡ
˭Ȼûзֵ½
ʥһֱӾͻΪ˱״̬ȻŵĶŰкʥ
֮ôţΪıкʥƵϾȻλλ䲻Ĺ˵ǻܵشġ
һܲĴڣô͵ڻλĹ
λĹɲģ
İɣþ裬ǵİ֣԰ǶԿͥס֡мʥ˾裬űһָʾħֳ塣
ħõ˰еָʾֱӻΪһźӰʥߡ
Ӱֺ󻹷˶α仯ΪһɫΡ
ħʥӰ󣬲ûзɣøӾˡ
㾹ȻԻΪΣļأܹûռͻΪεħѾﵽλҲ˵ֻҪץסλ©Զһλ
ʥһ߾Ŀħһ߽ħΣ˵˳
İɣѾԼħħеһ䣬ֻҪЭ̺õĻͿԻøͥͥ񿹵ҲĻᣡ˵
˵Щħ˵˳ҲܵظȨ
ʲôҪܵظһĻǵͲˣʧȥܵظ϶ֺܶѣϵԺҲˡ
ʥħ󣬾ȻûеһʱӦ˵ܵظʧĺ
ʥ˵ħǴܵظôŸոսȻòҪԺħпֻؿϵꡣ
һıô³һò˶٣ֻҲò˶١
ʥѾûѡˣεİ˰֡
ڰУȴʥίߣϴӦħֲǩκƵԼֱӽͥǿְħȥϾҲħƿܵظοظ֮ǿҲûиܵǿȫԽǵ˸Ͳõġ
˰еⷬʥʱͻȻˡ
ħЩԵ˺һ˵ðɣȻʧȥܵظ˵ɺܴ鷳Ҳ뱻ͥūۡ
ʥ˵ʥͰж¶һ˿Цݡ
ͬʱǸħȻҲ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦʵ̫ˣ˭Ц֮󣬶Ϊʲôõᷢ
䣡䣡
λħոȷ˺ĹϵʱɽϷͻȻһƬơ
ƵͻȻ֣ʱĸһ㶣Ȼ֪Ϊλơ
ƣʲô˭ʱɽ֣ʥƺ󣬶ʱñҪȥ̽
ǣŸոտͻȻһǿѹһһɫƾճֱ֣ӰʥݺݵĻɵ˵档
ͥͥϢ
ʥغ󣬶ʱĺԼոոܵϢѹԴ
ͥķ֮һԷȻҲͥϢոɫ֮ԹʥΪٲκ˸棬˵ЩǿֱӸ棬ʥ϶ûǸ
ͥȻʱ򷢶ѵѾڼǣʥŵĿգΪûиܵͥļӣԲŻԵøʥһ𾪡
еɫҲһߣҲ֪ٵ飬ȻһʱΪԼˡ
ǣһԵħȴһ㣬˵ħҲ֪ͥ飬ȴΧûκ겨
ԣǵģɽڵĳһ壬ҿܿͻᷢ
ħԼܵ˵˳
䣡
Ÿո˵꣬ʱһɫĽ״ɽĳһط
ףֻĳһǸһոսΪʥλĹΪʲôͥṥ
ʥʱҲĿֻ꣬Ϊʲôѡ


43 ɵ
ȻѾд˳ɳ칬֮Ķ
ʥȲҪȻͥϢ編ȷҲǿûв´ĻӦĳµķ򣬷ԽΪʥλĴڡҲһֱ۲ŽƵ
ΪʥڵһλžĹ۲Ƕڷһ飬ܿͷڡ
ʲô˼ʥһʱ仹е㲻֪ԣ̫ΪνΪʥλҪ
Ҫ֪ܶ嶼Ƿǳ׵ģɻһĴڣĻôĺΣա
˼ط˱䶯ԺнΪʥλĴڣܵ׵ĹҽΪλĻҲܵǲ֪סһǲлȥϵ硣˵
вƵϴΪ֮źǿԱϴֻ֮ҪûĻǻõܶĺô
ĻڰŶԣЩô
Ψ塢ĴڣȻȫһЩرķ֧
ô飬Ժô죬ǽʥλͺѣҪǻܵı仯˵ǵʥλԽԽ٣ʥҲ̲ס˵
ʥȻǲ׽ٵģҲܵܵ׽ٵĸţڵĺܶʥԽ
ھˣѾ޷ˣӦעǰζԸͥҪǵõͥĻ˵ֽѾͻᱻƿء˵
Ĳ²ȷģƿͥôȷʵа취׽١
ûϿɣû׵Ѫֲƿͥ
ܿҲͲټ˵ֻǾĿ
һεǸʥλ룬һ£߾硣
ÿһεĽɫͬҲͬͨһ֪˺ܶٵϢ
۲֮ǾͿʼζԸͥ
ͥƿ˴֮󣬾ȻûжǷҲ˵ͥ޵ģյҪͥڵӦò࣬ΪǲûжԸǣҲûж巢˵һᡣʥš
ȥѰԶżɣֵͥʱǿ˺ܶԶż֣һż̺żǿӾԸͥʹõ
۵ʱħͻȻһ죬Ȼ˵һλ֪Ϣ
Կѵ˵Զħμӹе֮սл֪һЩʷģħ˵󣬶ʱȵһ䡣
ȻħǰϵģҲû뵽ħȻԶħ
˵ԶħѾǸˣдˡħⱾ󣬺ܶԶħḴˣ˵ǵ˼㣬ܶļҲ˲ȱǲʲôǵá
Ҷ˵ԶħΪֲΪ֪ܶܣԼ㡣
ڵĻȻҲΣգħԶħôͼп֪ԶʱڵһЩڡ
ҾԶʱڵħ
ħȻݣȻҲͲҲûãΪԶħĸ֪Щ顣
ԭˣ
󣬱ͷϿκεı顣
ʵϣȴǰ˵鷳ˣԶħǿᣬΪҪǶкܶҲ˵ħѾڲ֮أʱɱҲϣԶħǿ֮
пܶħĽܣЩԶԸħԶħĴڡ
УΪ̵ľԶħһͨ޼
˵ԶħִڣͨеĸԼһħӼڣһС˸޷
УֻҪħı岻ĻħӸѣֻһֱţ֪ǸٶȻһ塣
ļ壬Զħͬһʱٸʱ乻Ļǧ⡣
һĻħı屻ɱħҲתƵһħ֮УȻ
֮ɿԷԼħ֣Ļûûˡ
ˣвŵһʱ˺ڵͷ֪ԼħĴź󣬿϶лԶħû뵽ô졣
Ϊпƴŵǿħѽ˭ԼǵһٻͽԶħٻ˳
벻ҾȻٻԶħǲ֪˵ıﵽʲôƽһԼ󣬾жԶħһ䡣
ھкҲûˣԶħѾˣҲҲûã˻ȶԸͥԶħǿĻͥ˵ơ
ҵļ䣬ʱסΪ˶Կ飬ʹó˲ĲƸһɵԶħ΢ĬƬ̺󣬾ͽ֪Ķ˵˳
˵ɵǵ弯λһżǿķ͹Ҫǿ԰ɵڱϵ϶Ϊһ
ԹӵأͬʱڵԵϣҲκα
ǰĵȽ׻֣ɵҲǺ鱦һ
ֻҪõټǵ֣ôȻ޷ӳɵеҲ޷ֱȥսͥҲڵ汣֤ȫˡ
˵ڵռƣҲɵĶ֣ͥǲܵġ
ɵλııǲЩκһ˰ɡʥ̾һ
ô˵ϵЩȻû֮ǿΪǿĻÿһԲɵԶħɵǳš
ҲǣϾǸɵǼԶʱǿ
Ҳ˵ǵõɵôҲõıˣ𣿡ʥе㶷־ˡ
Դ֮ͥʥһ㶷־ûУпǹͶȻȡ漸ʡ
Ȼڿϣ
˵ЩûãɵȻǿҲҪɵõУΪɵԶʱڱǸӡˣǼǿķӡͥǳֵ֪ӡħǲҪ˵̫硣
ˮȻ侲ģϾԸͥͥ񣬾ĿǰҪġ


44 Ϣ
ɵĴڣðǿϣǷǳõϣ
Զħ˵ɵǷǳǿΪᱻǸӡʥ̲סһ䡣
Ȼɵ˵ôǿᣬǾȻӡеԽܡ
ɵȷʵǿһǿǸ֪Զһ嵽жǿǲڲ⣬ʱԶħһ˵ţһ߻żе龰
ļУһòƶǳŮ飬ƾһ֮ͳԶħһɱǵʮħȻƵħĴӴܡ
ǣǸŮȴħȻǵֱӰԶħˣΪǸԼ
˿ֲĴڣԶôɾúǿֲ
ڧһʼΪֻǴ˵ڿˡֻһڿܻ֪ǾѾ³ˡԶħη壬̲סҪһ
ֻҪԶħŵôͲ
ʲô黹ڣⲻܣ
ԶħȻ˲ɢȥˣȻĪ絶Ӱ֮С
ͻı仯ðһ㶣ôҲ벻ǿԶħȻẦ麦µز
㡭ʥ죬Ҫ˵ʲôֲŵô˵
ȷʵţŶǵ鱨ŵǸ黹ǳ˵֮е֮ݴԣǴԶŷӡܳģԴӳǾҲûҵн֮Զħ
ʲô˵ӳ֮Զħһ黹֮󣬾ͬβ͵èһ
ıսԣǱҪıսԣԶħȷ˰вƭ֮󣬱ֱ˵ԿܹͥȶԸͥҪɱˡ
Ϊʲô
鵽ʲôֲģȻħη塣
ͥǿĵˣ֮Ȳ˵״ָ̬һϾҲһѣ֮ô϶Ҳͥɣ
λǲΪȻûи֮ܵĿֲһֱֻǰͥǿĵˡ
֪ʲôǸŵ֮ôᱻͳΣǻͥҲǵĶ֡Զħ˵֮Ŀֲ
Ϊ֤ʵĻ٣ԶħһӰ뵽ʶС
Ӱǵ֮ɱԶħӰ죬һʼǲΪ֮ʲôֵùעģǿӰ󣬾һĬ
ƾһ֮ɴɱʮλ֮ϵħ֮ôǿ󡣡
ˣħ򶼱֮ˣôô޵еĴڡ
˼飬ʵǲ˼ˣ֮ǿһ˶ԿһĴڡ
õԶħļƬΣʶ֮Ŀֲ
֮ǿ˵ָеǻָʮ֮һԼ齨һͥǿ
Ҫָ֮һͥҲùָ֮ȫôֻܹͥӡ磬ٸ˽硣
֮ҪͥôҲͿֱͶˣѽunĪҲԼ˳磬ɲڳֻ֮ԵҲڼԼ类һΡ
һħܹȫΪһԵʣħڱһΣǾûʲôˡ
ðɣͬȶԸֻ֮֮ﶼָ֪ȥɱջͬȶԸ֮
ֳ֮ȷʵӦóûлָȴɱŶԡ
ɵֻҪõɵͿʹɵѰҵ֮ΪɵԭΪ˶ԸģͿԸ֪顣ħһ˵ţҲһֳӰ
ȻѾ侲˵ʵ͹֮ħη壬֪ǶôǿᣬԼǶôĲƽˡ
ɵ𣬼ȻǾͶɡ
ţ
ߣ
Ѿʱˣ֪֮ǿҪɱ֮

֮ͥϡ
ҲھԼŬѧϰһεѧϰ֮ѾһİգҲǶɶѡ
ѧϰԽǿĴڣô׼ȷԽСܹжɵİվѾˡ
ⲢҪģҪϵİգֻĻײŻῪʼдŶݼס
ʮ꣬ڸʮʱ䣡
һδ˳һ˴󲿷ֵ֪ʶҴԼҪʱ䡣
֨ѽ
Ȼ׸ҪʱͻȻһ߽
˲Ǳˣҹ
ҹȻ׵£̲סҪڴţΪһȨյ㣬ֻҪõĻͻӵ硣
ԼҹҲǻŵõһĻԸðջɱ׵õֻϧǲܵġ
ҲܴĲǰʾ뷨һȻҲҪ㱨
СףͥѧԺѾ棬߹ԺҲֳƳҲҲҽ壬ֻǰСʥʥǱ߻һ㶯ûСҹ㱨ڵ״˵ʱ΢ͦһ¡
֮󣬲ż˵ˣЩдħҲʧˣȻıĳ飬Ըͥйء
׷ٰеϢ˱
׵Ļظһ䣬ȻֱҹٶȻû˵Ҳʾҹ¡
ǣ
ҹ˵ʲôģ׵е㲻ͷҲתȥ
ֻǣҹŸոߵſڣͣȻת˵˽һǿʹġͶ򴫡ԭôһϢ˵ҵһŮ
ҹõϢ󣬸֪ζʲôȻԷˡͶ򴫡ԭûǸΪ
Ů֪ˣ
󣬷·ûʲô飬ֻǵͷȻͷ顣
ҹûκı飬ҲͲټ˵ʲôֱ뿪
ߺ׵ʱҲһ׹ҫ£ʧˡ
֪ԼߺһƿĴţ˵Ȼҹˡ
ѧϰôʱ䶼û뿪ϢȴˣҲ˵ǸСŮ˵ҪˡҹͻСŮйϵڵĻˡ
ңһ뵽ԷŮҹ뵽֮Ϊ˵Ҫҵ֮ôʱҲûм֮ôֻܣһ֮Ըףһ־鷳ˡ


45 ʮ
ڡ
ʱµһȺŹҴ£Ⱥ󳼴󲿷˵ߡʮ꣬һġʮ꣬һĹԱ֮١
Щ꣬Ҫô塢Ҫôĺӣڹٳ֮лѧϰ׶Ρ
еʱҲԷһЩԼĿǾ뷨һ߶׿ڡ
ȻЩ⣬ȻһֱԱߣǺǿλҲǺܸߣǰƯһɫ鼮鼮ɢƣµڵ˸ܵѹ
ֶΪ֪Ͷ򴫡ԭ鼮׻ûн˹һ󳼶ǿ˺һ̲סһ䡣
Ϊûһ֪Ͷ򴫡
¹һͨҵֱܹߣΪϵһ鼮
ûⱾ飬ǿһѧʿҲûʸߡ
ϿˣǿϲЩǵĴϲҲһ䡣
ǿ
Ȼ˿ʱͻȻһƾճ֣ǿԵġͶ򴫡ȻԶɵµ롣
ˣ
鼮ɵͻȻһཻĹâһ֮žͳ˵ǰ׾ʹ˳
׽Ͷ򴫡ǿҪԭ֮һֻҪǿⱾ飬ôһЩңͿáͶ򴫡Ϊڵ㣬ǿдһ֮š
ף
칬֮
׵ӰŸոճ֣ĴǾͺ׵֡
λϵæվȻڵλȥ
칬֮
׵ͻȻ֣΢һº󣬾һ
Ϊһ֮ȻֱʹǣȻҹ˵Ѿͥˡ
ȻǳôǷˣǰֻܹг
һԵ׿ֻǵͷЩڲǷǳУֻΪһ顣
ǿ
׿ǿʳΪĵ顣
۴ˣݴ鱨ڴص۹ıԵɽУһũһӤǸӤƤ쳣ۣ㣬ҪĳɳٶȾȻµʱ䣬ͳɳ൱ʮĺǰ㣬Ҫǣǳǿ
ǿһжڸģҪľǸŮϢǿæЩ˵˳
˵֮ǿ۴ˣѾкܶעӵ飬ûдȥѰǸŮǸŮҲһӴûǿаֻǰ˱
ǿ˵˺пܾ֮
˾Ȼڴص۹ôص۹֮Ĵ󡣡Ҳ֮ΣգԱҪ
߹֮䶼Ĵֻײʹöѡ
Ļʥλֱգ֮󣬾ʥλҲһˣҪʹõ۹ĴſԺҡ
˵ص۹λñͲʹôĻҲҪļԼʥλİæ
ȻеĴۣʹôףҲܾܾΪڳ˶ϣԼܹ֮ͥС
һЩԼͥȨƵĴǣҲΪԼļ룬ϣԼļܹ˽뵽֮ͥУӵ֮ء
ֻĻܹ֤ǵļ岻˥
ʹ򿪣
Ѿ
ص۹ǱѾ֪ͨԴͣ
ײŸո˵꣬ߺܿ׼
ܺãһһ֧һ̽ĶʸĵһڲӦһЩޣе鱦ʤܹҵĻֻҪϽ߳ɣʣµз䡣
׵õ˴İҲһЩͷ
̽ʮҪ飬ʮؾ൱ʮС磬ҪЩСУ˼Դÿһ춼һǿǵһ죬Դӵ׿ϷָѾǷǳˡ
ϾײڵĺһԴ϶ͥġ
ϵ磬벻۴˾Ȼ˿ֻǲ֪ǿԴȥȻǸˣȻķҲе٣ֻҪȥǺõġ
һǧˣ
΢˼һ£͸һ
һǧ˽ĵһ죬׵ֶζԣǴ򿪴ûõģһǧɷſԡ
һǧ˷ǿҪңʹҵĻҪʹͥһӶô޷תͥ˵ʵ̫Σˡ
ˣײʹͥһǧ˷ѡʹͥȻɷ˵ķǵõĺôٺܶ࣬ҲǷ
ûдԼҲǳǧϵҲǼġ
ȥص۹ˣ̽һǾ͸ҹϵɡײٸﵢʱ䣬дһżȻ
żݣôһͣû͵Ļҹ²ô׵;Ͳͬˡ
Щ֮׾뿪µһ󳼵Ĵ£˴Ĵ֮С
׹һ۾ͿʥλѾ׼վУֱӾͱ͵˴ص۹
ص۹ǱߣȻҲ׼ӭף˵׳ֵʱ򣬶ʱͿ˺üʮͷ
ҲǺܴ󣬹ͷ
ֱעӵĸоһʱ׻е㲻ϰߡ
ص۹ڳ۴ˣ
μ۴ˣ
ص۹Щ˶ǵ۹ĸ߲㣬ȻҲ֪ͥ壬Կֱ֮˳
Դص۹ˣȻеҲòдһţʮеĵڶ쿪Ȩ˴ص۹
ڶԼջķ䣬ƶĶһ
ص۹õսȻҲǳ⣬Ȼɳһʥλ״·ȥѰ֮Ů
ʥλ޷գص۹Ȼɽ潨󷨣ֻܹǰ
ʥλĴ£ȥһʱ䣬ǿ˵ɽ֮ڡ
ص۹ɽ壬൱ڸոСһַǳĵط
ΪǳһǹСŮϢҲûдݳȥߴ۹ĻֻҪСŮԼ߳ɽ壬ôһӶᱻҵ
۴ˣǰˡ
ڼִɽʱ򣬴ص۹ʥλ֪ͨһ


46 
׵õѺҲе㲻ƽ
ǳϣСŮ֮ԼͿʡȥܴ鷳
ֻǣָоûô˳ΪһѰ֮ȻؽеģͨĴڸ֪ڸѾǶ֪ˡ
˵ǲ֪һѰҵ֮칬ô󶯾һˣǲϧ߹֮һò֪Ĵڣôýֺȥ붼֪ŮԲһˡ
һǳ죬Ǿ徹Ȼûд˵ѾȣʥЭѾǿ϶ʥλмĴٶ
ˣԶ֪һЩǶŮȻһٶûУһе㵣ġ
ŰɣҶһȥ
һ˵ţһ߽ԼƻջأȻ·Ҳһ仯˿ȥһͨǸ߸ϵһ㡣
ص۹ȻΥ׵˼Ե˵ǾͰѷȻ״һŻ
ߵŻǰҲںھܸߣֱӾʹӷһԾŵȥ
߿׹ǿ˵û̫ΣգֻҪ̫ߵĻغһѣѡ
˵ǴӸߴ׹䣬ͬʱûֶΣô³ش
Ȼִ᷸Ȳ˵Ͷ򴫡һܲͨ˵ԼѾͲᱻˤ
ͬȥʱûٻƣֱϸԪͨԼһ޴ķ˷е
˷ͷ֮ܶ鶼ǳ㣬ƽ״£սʱֶζھʹʹ
״һε·Ĵׯȥ

ص۹ɽ塣
һ֮ڣɽѾٷ״ˣΪǷ֮ŮɽѾ߹еע⵽ˡ
߹ҲѾע⵽ˣֻǲû̫ӣҲûзλϮ
ϾҲվ棬Ҳ˵ĵλϰлһɼħҲ˵ĵĸλ
ĸλҪͽĻһ۹ᱻ˲
ֻеĿͥ࣬飬еʧСͱʥ֪ûа취ȥ顣
ȻԶԸͥĻͥ޴˺пҲȥȻͥ߹ɱ⣬ҲͥķҲûбҪ顣
ɽڣ׳ʱɽһȺҲۼһˣš
˵ˣӦ˵ѵΪʡ
ΪɽڵʮͣϰѧƣΪһ۹Եɽ壬ϲĳ֣ɽڵĺֻܹϰ䡣
ϰ䣬ҲһЩǳѧǿûġ
һȺУӱȽۣΪǲûвμ䣬ڱϵһʯͷš
УһӾǿеŮǸ֮СŮ
СŮߣһ꣬òرӢһ·ȥҲֻһͨũСӣ˵ƺǱˣ֮СŮߣҲôʧɫ
СѩҷִΧҰ޶ʧˣ˵ԵջǰǾѯ֮󣬷ЩǸƾģǱ˹ġضűϵŮ˵
ΪһɽĴɽ˿Լũ⣬ҲҪŴΪΪĸ׾һԻ
ԻһγȥʮҲԲֻҰޣʱ䣬ԻÿܶĴҰޣҰҰţȵȡ
ΪҪǣԻЩҰʱǶô״̬Ȼϲ÷ѾͿ԰ǴɱȻشׯ
ΪͨԻȻǸˣҲ̫飬ȻԻĺȴǸһʼҲųȺҰáҰԼܽԼ׵ض飬ڷе㲻ˡ
ֻȻ˲ȻȴûҵκٴҲɽ峤ģļʶޣҲ벻ʥλΧ
˵ʥλĴھͺϵһһ˵
磬ҸܵΧźǿֲܹģҸоǺ񱻶ˣұˡŮȻҲзһ㣬ȻܵʥλϢ
Ҫ˵ȥĻһ˿¶š
ڿ˵жһȡ
ǿĸ֪Ҳֻûиܵκ֮Ϣ
֮ע·ˣһ˵ı
Էһ֮ϢûУҲп֮ܲ׶еϣ֮
ΪŮ֮Ļ͵֮ѾһУϢͼ䶼ˣȻһЩҲٿܼκǰˡ
ϣŮ֮Ļ׻лҵǵ֮
ڲȷӴһŮȻȷǲ֮
׻飬н䵽ȺطĲԶ
ûѡֱӴΪŵǣϾ֪Уǲܷɵϵġ
Сѩ츳ҲôƯҸоӦĳˣЩҰ޾ǵʾãֻǡ󣬲²⵽飬ΪŮˣȻϣŮ뿪
οŮ˵Ư˵֪ᷢǾᣬһҲϣŮõõķչǲϣ뿪Ů
磬Ҳ뿪͸׵ġ
Ů·𿴳ĵǣͽķŵļϣ˵Լ̬
ǵȻǺܴ󣬵ԶȴŮı֤׵ĽŲ΢ͣһ¡
ҪȷŮݣһߵǵǰ
߹ʱЩȴ·ûпֻԼ飬״߹ȥʱǶûз֡
ǱߵСѩһʼҲûзףֱߵǲʮ׵ķΧʱСѩͻȻ̧ͷü¶һ˿صϢ
磬ˣСѩף˵һ䡣
ţ˭ˣ㶵һ䡣
ϾֻһӣԵһʱ仹ûзӦֱ˳СѩĿ⿴֮󣬲Ÿ¶һ˿𾪺͵η塣


47 
֪СѩϺ󣬵һʱΪԷĳǸ˹Ǻ¡
ǣ߽еľ־ͼȥ˲٣Ϊһȥ˼ꡣ
ȻһĻôǲǶСѩˣѹȥ١
ȿȣ׿ǿԼȻվСѩǰʵ˭
˭ҪҪŮ˭û̸ȻСѩȥں꣬Сѩľ֮ôҲԻ֮ͥС
ʵСѩ֮ʶԣҲСѩ֮Ļ׿ԿǰںҲ֮ͥС
СѩȻСѩˣܹ˭껹ǲ̫׵ĻԸæȵ
ȣײûΪ˵СѩãΪҪ˶ԸµĻıҲ
˭⣬޷ͣǷҪҵˣҶҪ̽һҪûԿԼ
ܣСѩԸ⣬ǲСѩ
Ķŭһ䣬ȻȻװڳһļơ
ֻĹ˵һЦеͬ
Ϊһ˵ܹز֪ԷԼǿ౶¡
Ȼ뱣ôҾһɡ΢˼һ£ͽ˫ֱ˺棬Ȼ˵һϤϢʹǹңҾһֻҪܹңôҿԴӦһܼҪ󡣡
һ˵ţһ߻ĿŲС֮ϡ
Ŀһϵ͸ӵˣΪȷʵһ˵ǳǿ
ô֪겻֪׵ĸ֪ôǿ̲סһ䡣
ΪǱҴģֻϧԼ־־ҵ־ͣҾȥѰҸϵˣֻû뵽˾Ȼ㡣װԭίȴôš
Ĵڣ˵һֱһܣܼСѩûиߣΪǸ׷ãȻվߵʸ
ֻû뵽ǣ׾Ȼ˵׵ġ
ҿ׵ļƣ񲢲˵ѣ֮࣬һɲʵ
ҲܷǸΪΨһԿٻҵõվСѩʸƷ
׵Ļ֮ҲΪ˵ĸʹףôҲǷǳ˵ġ
ֻǸӦǿһЩҪվŲĻ㲻Ҳ㡣ǿ˵ţټ򵥲ˡ
ľǿҲûгѣֻǵ˵ѡ񣬲ǷʹǸҶֻᣬ֮㻹ҵĻôͻСѩֿҲǼ棬ǰﵽڵĵط
˵Ͱ˫ֱ˺棬ұ۾ȴĹ
׾Ȼ۾жʱһŭʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ󣬾ֻһ˿ٳڵλȥ
ڵλñͲԶҲʮңԼգۼ䣬ǰһ״
ʱʶںԼӮˣҪֶ׵һȭԴ÷йһеķŭʱͻȻܵһʹֱ󵹷ɳ˽ס
ʲô飡
غ۵ĴһȻ󲻽ѯŷʲô顣
磬Ǹ˵ΧһεķܵǸŻᱻġСѩһֱ֪ʲô顣
εķʲô
֪ԲǺܹЩ顣
λᣡ
ʱ׵Ҳ˳
˿ȻǱ˫۵ģϸԪĹ۲֮£׿֪涼ʲô顣
˵ĶˣЩսʥ׶Բൽ
ɶʵ̫Сңҽʶһе侲׵ͻȻһȥǳ
ʢŭ֮£ûóǹصȭ
飡
ǰֱһȭεķ֮ϣֻһûףͬʱ֮ףٶ䵽СѩΧ
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ѾѪģˣϾֻһӣʹʱŲ
һλᣡҵη൱һڵķҪҪҵĻôҪڼ׵ٶȴ׻һ䡣
˵֮׻겻ףֲһ䵽ھѧʦٱûа취ˡ
ٱ࣬ڶսѾԽĲˣ˵׵ĻΪ㣬Ҳûκλᡣ
Ļᣬ֮ǰ˵ǹǹɱϵ
ٱҴ˶٣Ϊʲôôǿѵ˵㿴ᣬʵȴһ𣿡׵ĻҲԵĸܵԼ׵Ĳࡣ
ҵͲˣ㻹һλᣬһ޷ңôҾͻջΪֻɳȻûе˵Ǹ˭ȴָ֪ʲô
û취ˣֻܹˣЦһ˵ʵڻûˣرƽ޹ʵ˷λᡣ
飬Сѩİ£⿪˿ϵļߣȻһŽӲӵֽӿȡ˳
ƯֽţһֱصԭһҳƯֽšСѩֽź󣬶̲ס˼䡣
һ˵꣬ɫʱһ죬Ȼʵ֪Ҵ
ܹܵһǿϢ˷ǳСѩʵĻشһ䡣
ȵȣȻ֪ĻΪʲôһֱûҡϢСѩΪδûи
Сѩ֪鷳ֻҪ粻˵ĻǲʵġСѩһ˵ţһ߰˲ϵѪ
ͬʱСѩӻͳһҩۣȻҩ˵ĵط
лл㣬Сѩ
СѩᣬԵĸлһ䣬ͬʱаҲģΪСѩҲҪ
һˣſڽһѪ˽ɫֽ棬ȻĶֽ


48 㲻
ɫֽõѪҺͻȻһҫ۵Ľâ
âһٺֽ֣ȻͬһԼתǾȻֽȻΪһɢŵɫâĽ
ֺ󣬿հ׵ĽɫֽǻΪ˽
ˣ
ںϺʱһ
Щй۲ʥ󣬶̲סĿеıǿģʱһ¶˼⣬¶˹Źֵ
һߣվףҲ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣȻ˵Ͽɵҿֻһ嶯ëͷСӶѡ
⻰ȻǶ˵ģǶѽ˵ġ
һ˶Ž˵ҪôҪôǸżĸ飬һǾѽͨġ
ϵǰѽȻںˡ

ϵĳ׵Ļ֮󣬾ȻеķһȻڷף˵һһĲֵꡣ
ڵ˵ʲô㣬Ƕѽ˵мֵģܹѽĽ⡣
ˣȻ϶ĴߣôҿʲôʸɡײһѽҲͲٶ˵ֻǼȴǵĹ
һߣԼĽȻĸ׵Ļֱ仯Ҳڳף֪Լŵѽġ
ԾոΪСѩþĺܴ󣬿һʱﻹôһġ
ģ񣬽ֻҪӳѱôҾпʤ
Լһ㽫еı߸߾
ѽ˲䣬ĺԼϷ
ϷһƬǳ
ͬԣǹ貣ǳҲ֮ϣһδϳ
ĺ󷽣ҲһǳԣǾǴ硢ɽ
ǳɽϸԪܵ󣬶̲סĸп
ΪѽԶʮڶʥԯ
ԯʥ֮Ľ޷ԵԶʮⱾʱ׾Լ뿪ȻȥѰͬˡ
ֻôҲû뵽ǰȻǱԯͬˣ֮ȻҲתߣȻǸŮûбȷ֮һȷˣôò˵Ӯˡ
ˣҲûп֮ܵķֻάڼֻҪﵽڼĹͿܡ
۸һӵ飬׻ǲмȥģοԯİΧڶʥĹսҪҲᱻ֡
˵ݶԣҲû˭ôϾҲᶪ˵ġ
ˣǲ
ƾԼôҲûа취ԸˣҪǳҲҪصΪҵΪҵļ֣ǽң
˵ʲôѪڵĻеֻʵ뷨ҪľǳɽԸס
׵ĻԲô˵ġ
ǡ
ˣ
˵֮ͷϷŵǳ󣬾ȻĻǹȻ뵽˽֮С
ֹˣɽҲΪһ֮˽֮ϡ
ǳɽͬⱾʱһŨĺϢʱѹΧЩӣԼɽϵо񣬶·𿴵ϵһ㣬һʱԼ嶼ʧȥ˿ơ
µغҶûõȻۣҲܵǱߵı仯
֮ǰʹԯʱȻֳ󣬿ԯòƲԸû뵽ҲԻΪ
һߣһʼҲֻԵźһѣҲû뵽ԯȻĻӦһ˽ϡ
Ҫһ㣬ǾõԯϿɣԯԸΪʹԼԼľǳСҲԼԦ
ùҲָʹһδо״̬
Һǿǳǿ
õ󣬶ʱһȻֽԯǱһûͶ
Ϊһ˵ĺʵûôùʹõĲǲ񵶾ǹԼìΪһɽĺӣóìͶǻ
ȻܹìȣҲû˿ԥֱӽԯΪìͶ
ϾҲʲôȻѽìͶǶˣ˵ȷѡ
һǳֵע⣬ǾǵԯͶȥҲֱһȻ˵֮ϣڴڵĴ
һߣСѩҲæߣŵĿ
꣡
ʱͻȻһ뵽ĶУæ̧ͷȥϲ
ʹ׵ķѾƵˣֻģ́ͷȥʱ򣬿ȷʵվԭûԯҲȷʵƵ׵ķԯûףƯ׵ǰ
Ϊʲô
ĵĿףʵ
ΪԯȻϿ㣬㲢ԯˣһΪԯˣƾѽվǰױԲý͵ģЩԵǶ
Ļ֪һˡĵͷ֪Сѩ
Ҳʱ˫ۣȻԯһ㣬ֱӰΪֽ״̬ȻֽһӸ
ͬʱױҲߵСѩǰ
㡭Сѩ׹˵Щʲôġ
Ļû˵꣬׾ͽַŵĶͷ֮ϣͬʱһ͵ϸԪֱ֮Ӿû뵽֮С
һԵͻȻҪֹףŸҪ͸ܵһǿѹϮֱ޷
״̬ά˽ӵʱ֮ײŻջأȻʧĿСѩ
ڸղţϸԪСѩ֮ʱѾʲôĴڡ
㲻ҲԶŵĴڣ߶ûкôԲͥɡƽĶСѩ˵仰мʧ䣬Ҳҡ
ʧ䣬ûҵ֮
ңΪ֮пܱŶļ䣬칬ļ䣬ԼԶʱļ䡣
Сѩû°ɣʲôûСѩش׵⣬ȶСѩһ䡣
û£һһЩ䣬ͬʱֽҳʹõķҡСѩҡҡͷʵ˵
ղȷʵûжʲôһٵĺô
Сѩ˵ֿ˵۴ˣһʱ䡣
û⣡
׵ͷȻת뿪ׯ


49 Զʯ
˵뿪תΪ׵ĳ֣ԼǸСѩŮ˺͵õԯϿɵׯѾעƽ
ֻŮȻ죬ֻҪ֮׾Ͳеľϡ
֮ͥϡ
뿪ɽֱӻصкͿʼѧϰ׼дŶݼףѰҵ֮
ǣײŸոջͷϣѾ˲ٵˡ
Щ˶ҹʥʱͥں֮ǵÿһ˵Ϣ˺ܶ࣬ȫλ£ˣϵϢҲʼó
ϸ۲Ļܹǵʶڸı䣬һıϲûֳΪ־Ƚǿ󣬱ϾǿĽ־
ͥ־ҲѶҡ׵齣֮
۴ˣھϵŬѾĸ˵õ˱ϿɣʣµȻûеõϿɣҲȷʵõ˲ݱһΪǿԼˣȻ󳹵ƿͥ
ǵʵ飬ֻҪ˴ѧʿڱУϾͿñתȻתСҲʧΪһֶΣܱЩ䶼ǿ
۴ˣΪͥıתƼһЩѡ
ҵѡ
ң
Щʥ֮󣬶׷׽õ˳һԵҹû˵·ںһ
׿Щ󣬾֪ΪͥȨô˵ȺʥҲˣǴĳһˣǻȫʱ
һԵҹΪһ㣬Ըûκ׶ȫΣҲûа취׼ͥһҶġ
ҲȷʵǹӹĿһ顣
˵ĲͥȻѾƿǵϣЩ칬ûصĻô޷ӳͥٷ֮һ׿󣬾͵ͷ
漴ٻһ֧ʣȻһЩȥ֮ó˼ֽʼдʲô
˺һײŰꡣ
ˣûұһȥˣԵõͥʸ񣬵޷õ칬Ͽɣô´˽磬Ƹ¼ͥ˵󣬾Ͱǵֽͨͨǡ
Щʥ׾Ȼĸһ칬ͱжʱޱȣ˵ÿֻǵõһ𼸸õ⣬Ҳľϲˡ
׵дЩֽԭ칬Щƿ칬⣬׻һִͥ
ЩͬЩͥѧԺѧ칬ֱʸ칬ͱĴͥѧԺѧǿܲġ
Ҳ˵ڸĻᣬȻײҪһ߼ͥҪʮ
һЩöˣôͥеľͻ󣬾ͻҪġ
ҹͥĴС㸺ɡ״󣬾ҹලִС
ҹ˵˼ɣϾĸףҲ֪׵ѾǶҹŹ˼ɵģټ׵׿ڸ֪Ҳæҹһ񣬱ʾҹİš
һͥʱָһˣҲڿʼѧϰ

˽磬Զż
СʥʥԶħʱżŰ
żкܶػߣĸǰЩػޡʯ󷨵ȵȫͳͳɱ
Ѿȥ˳ɵķˣֻҪǼǰȻڴػŵλܣܹ򿪽ɵĴˡħ˵
ټһϣܲǺǿ
ɣЩܱӡôʱ䣬㱣һЩҲ̫ǿҲˣ֧ĿӦûж٣û׼ЩѾԼƻˡ
ʥʥţǶкûȻҲνΪһλɣҪǼǿ
Ǽܿһ޴ɽǰ
ʲôôʲôûУ
ԶħǲǴ·ˣôʲôûС
ԶħӦòƭǣĪתˡ
ǼͣĿΧͼѰһЩ󣬿ϧȴʲôûз֡
ɽʵĴɽҲżľͷѵתˣǱ˸ˣ
Լĸ֪ѰһҲȷ顣
ʲôûа˳ϵİգǲǹġԶħ˵ͻΪһźֱû뵽ɽ֮ڡ
ƿɽɽƿ˲䣬ͻһռڵ֣һ¼ڵ㣬Ȼڴ򿪿ռ֮šħɽ󣬸æǼ˵һ䡣
ܺã
һ֣
ɽںܶ˵ǲԽĶλǰֻǲһĴڡ
λֻ΢һ˲Ͱ̵Ĵķ飬ɽʱԶħҲڼ¼Ǹռڵ㡣
ţΪ֪ǿİУæſӳһ飬һ׶εĿռ֮ţ͸˵ǰ
߰ɣɵ棡
ֻҪõɵͿԻûɱ֮ѾԿͥ
ܹ
λɵһۺ󣬾͸Զħ뵽˿ռ֮ڡ
ռ֮ڵڲһƬ޴ǿա
ƬǿУһ޴ıĴСȻ൱һСͳǳء
˺ΰıȽϵȷʵͥͨˣǸͥǿļȣźܴĲࡣ
ˣҲǷǳǿˡ
ǰ棬޴ʯ
ʥʯ۾ͻȻϴȻ˵λ壬ܹԶϢ
ϢһܵǵϢʥҲͻȻ˵һ䡣
һ˵꣬кʥ̧ͷ˱ϷΪڱϷſһֱʯľ޴ˡ
λϢǴʯдˡ
䣡䣡䣡
ǷʯƬռͻȻһҵĴ͡
ţʯıͳһƬѣ֮дʯ
еʯ鶼ɢ߰׵ľ޴壬Լһ׵ľ޴ֱӳ嵽ǵǰ
ͻıʣǰҲһһʼΪԼλǺǿģ屻ɿܵλƣȻ֮ϡ
ټϣֻΪܵĴڣȫںģҲ˵Ǹںͬھޣ԰һСģ;п
ˣǼʱı鶼ǳء


50 
ȻûйǰѾܵѹ
СˣһܹĻʧȥκһԶԿͥħҲһҲûػ߾Ȼôǿ
ǻӮҲԻܵش
УܴܲħǿټħŰæ
ʱħ뷨ȣϾħûռ£ҲʥλĴڣֻͨЩرλĴҲԴ
УԶħԿԺͨħֻҪпԴħôֻҪʹôħռЩܵ壬˵ԵõǿĿܡ
ԣ
˵һ䣬һȻСĽһ˳

ó鼮˲䣬ֻ޴ķͻȻһռȻۿɼĳ˽ᾧ֮Ŀռǿȣֱ˽ٱ
УĿռǽģȥȥˣֻܹսʤȻƿɵ
ĺǴˡ
һ󣬰иħޱȡ
񣡡
򣡡
񡭡Զšּ
йҲͻȻ˵˺ܶ໰ֻǵĻＴʥĲ̫
Ǵµ˼˵Ǹ֮µּ⣬ɵ
˵֮󣬼˫۾˲˴ɫȻŰǷ˹

֮ͥϡ
ڰǶȡɵʱҲڿʼ뵽Ŷݼ׵н׶Ρ
Щѧϰ֮У֪Ŷݼ׷Ϊ衣
һ֡
ȣҪ졢ءˡĸԲ̣ʮ˸ӡȽӰվֵĹŲڵ̺֮ϡȻ󣬸ʱֵı仯ת̣̣թ̡󣬰վо
ڶʱ֧
Ҫȷռõʱĸ֧Ͽͨ顢鵽ո֧ͨʱͨԪݷʱɣϲû׾ֻܹѰһƷ
ƷǺܺңȴһֳɵģǾǹʱ̡
ʱ̵ǿͲö˵ˣҹʱ̱һʱ䷨ĴڣʹŶݼ׵Ļôɹϡ
ݻݡ
ʱڶԺ֮ǰģݡԺ󵽶֮ǰģݣҲҪʱ̡
ĲͨԪ֡
ÿΪϣУԪÿԪӦʱ䡣ݿھԲ鵽ÿһԪӦľ
ÿǸպõ죬Ի⡣ڽϣСɡ͡ɡۡ
岽ǲӡ
ȷݻݼ֮󣬾ͿŲˡ
ڼֵ˼Ǵӵڼʼӣһ־Ǵӿһʼ֣ھž־ǴŹʼ֡
ʱ˳ǣ沼ķʽ˳Ϊ졢ɡҡ˳ӵһʼ翲һ죬Щơ
ݲ沼ǣ˳ķʽ翲һ죬Źް˹Դơ
ֵֵʹ
ֵ߲ʹתʱ֧
ڰ˲תֵǡ
ˣһʱŵŹľˡ
һ߿ЩһʹһֱֽӲóһŶݼ׵ľ֡
дڻûа취ʹãΪŶݼ׵ķûг֣㶫Ҳ㲻
ѾѧᣬдŶݼˡ
죬ҲѧϰѾ׼д׼ˡ
һˣֱӾУдŶݼס
Ŷݼףɡ桯šݼסɡ
桱ҡ
šݣˣţš
ݡص˼׶ݼǼ졢ɡݼסǾŶݣŶݰݣضݡ˶ݣݣƶݣݣݣݣݡ

һΣײѧϰЩ֪ʶֱӾͽЩֻд鼮֮ϡ
дͥͻȻ˱仯ЩŵĹ·ǸܵɲȻȻûֵ£Լת
ͥйһͬתŨ̶ȣֱӾʮֹ
֮ͥĹȻ˲ͬȵŲ
ͥڸű仯Ŷݼˡ׷仯Ǿ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ʵܵ޷ʹŶݼס
Ŷݼ׳Щı䣬СǡǳҪĸı䣬дǡ
ǣǡǡǡ츨ǡǡӢǡǡǡǡ
ǣ뱱һӦͥʤ֮ͬΪﶬ֮ΪסȢԶнԲաͬң֮½Բ¡Ϊˮ֮˼ȢӪ죬ǨȣŲϱ棬棬޷Ŀãﶬˮ֮ƣá
ǣ붫˹Ӧμ½ͨټȢͬնͽ£̼ϲءΪң٣ȢǨ㣬̣½Լ½Լʱˡ
ǣ붫ӦȢӪŮͽѡԲΪѲΪۣʿ˳ѩܣսģҡź˼Ȣ죬Ǩ㣬̡д컯Ϊ֮£ũ»йء
츨ǣ붫ĹӦ츨֮Զḣ೤ϹͽԼϲ˲ư²츨ΪΪԶУ죬ͽȢᣬ͡رѧ٣չĻҵ
ǣ幬ӦԶƫ̽Գ⡣Ͷ˹˾滳ᶼԣݴйǶݼԪ˧ֵ֮ءΪΪԶУ⣬ᣬ죬ٹ½ˣʱԼ
ӢǣϷŹӦӢ֮Ǿ빬֮λһףױ죬ŹѪ֮йءȢףԶͽ˷꣬Ϲ̼װһաӢΪ¯Ϊлıײߣ˹󣬲ƿ١
ǣϷӦڵύˣзֵ֮½ˣ찲ػѲ⡣Сڣй±ݵŴӴλ伪½ΪΪΪʦѣܵύѣҵʦͱأñս˼ȢǨ㣬ϣӪ죬ʹţҲΪΪǣﶬ֮֮ס
ǣ߹ӦνˣԶмӪΪְ̼½Բ̼Σɱ֮ϲɱս뾪ֹ졢ƻйءΪʿأ˳ı£һΪԲѵʿ䣬ͱأ˳սԶУǿˡʿƲ۱֡
ǣǬӦɺҩ;ò»ǨԼ꾡ǿǬӦΪǬΪ졢Ϊʴĳļƣ쵼ܡָӣҽƼйأΪߵΪҽβҩ̣Ǩ㣬ᡣﶬס
ŹԣҾǵλǲͣ仯ֻרҵѧϰŶݼ׵ˣſ˽ǵı仯
ǵı仯ʵǺѣѵǼסǴЩ塣
֮ĺ壬ǱҪһʱ䣬˵Щȫ⡣
ҪϸֵĻ⼸ҪתΪ֣ܹѾǼǵȫ
ײûадôֻдͲټдǣǿʼдŹͰԡ


51 ݼ׳
ŶݼһǳѧʣʹͨŹԡС۶Ҫϡ
׹дǡš֪ʶǲġ
ԣǬ㡢롢ޡҡ
Уľˮ

һֻдͥϵı仯ҲԽԽԡ
ŹӣԶλ
Щֵ֧Ĳ£ͥڽһ֣Դ˿ʼͥ㻹кܶ౦ûأҲһЩ󷨿ԷӳһֵĹЧˡ
ⱾһƣԼͥ󷨵Ŀ֮ϵǷͥȺͻȻģȻ󽥽ʧǵ֮С
ͨ˿ЩʥλĴڣҲҲϲͥˣ·ͥʹûгֹ
ݼ׳ɣ
ԴԺֶһ֮£ܶϢͬʱҲкܶϢֻܹ֣Ҫ򣬾ͿʹóֲͨռݴɺӵȻ
ӴԺŶݼ׽һΪһµķһµĴС
֮ͬǣ׶ѾŶݼ׹žͷǳͨҪⷽɾ͵ĻҪСʼѧϰ
Ҫǣʹһ㲻ʲôۣʹŶݼЩʱҪǿۡ
Ŷݼԣ
Ŷݼױдһزһ޴֮־ͳͥϷ
ֵ֣֮оſž޴ǳƾճ֣һ־Ϳʼ֮ͣת
ھǵת֮£Ȼ˳ֵģһߣߵϳǻ۵Ϣ·֪һ㡣
һ֣˫۾ͱһ󾫹⣬ȻǰһߣֱӴԽ޾ߵ׵ǰ
򣬲
׶˵һ䣬žͺϵġŶݼס
һ̣ѾŶݼдϡ
߿׺鼮󣬻˫֣Ȼȴװ鼮
ΪĻòⱾĻͻȱݡ
鼮ңһΪһ飬κε飡
˽ײ鼮͸״һϢ
һ𣿡
΢ЦĿ򣬵һ䣬ûн鼮
ͨ飬
׵ʣ˾Ȼĸ˻ش
ðɣȰһ֮λãҪλá˵
ô飬ѧϰʮʱ䣬ΪľѰҵ֮칬˶ۼ
ֻֻļһ˱ûżݣǾһ䡣
ﻹĲ
΢ԥһ£ǾͽǰһЩ֮д˳
Щ״Ӽ֮سʱʣһЩʱ׵뷨ЩȥӦ֮ٻ֮
ֻʵ̫Сˣûκôǡô
ԣȷȿԴﵽ˳ɡ˽ӹ֮ȻʼŶݼ׵㡣
Ҳһܷʱ飬ΪƼ׼ȷĻôҪʱ͸ࡣ
Ұѹʱ̽㣬ʱ㡣ײ뵢ʱ䣬ԾͰѹʱ˳
˹ʱ̵İݵʱҪʱ佫ἱ٣ڵõ˹ʱ̵İ󣬾׼Ȼһɡ
öҵõĻôͻΪһ򡣡ȻǷ򣬿ҲԼ뷨֪ʱжҪ
о仰˵ĺãռһʱ֮ϡ
ڷ֮Уռ䷨ǿģʱ䷨Ƿֻ֮ʱ䷨˵Ӧñƿأֻǿռһ
ƿʱ䷨ҲΪʱͽȹ£ŻõģȻĻʱ䷨򽫻һֱ޷
ǿںʱ䷨򣬺㱻ɣԲˡ׿˵Ϳһ䡣
˱׵ƺҲûж˵ʲôֻǿʼ۾Ȼ֮뵽ԼУʼ֮ڵλýݡ
Ȼõ˹ʱ̵İݵĴʵ̫ǿǣĶҲ̫࣬嶼˽Сʱʱ䣬Ŵ۾
ô׿۾æһ䡣
ղ˵֮Ѿӵе֮һˣһλûջĻôǾĸ֮Եټˡ
ˣ˵ǷǳҪġ
ҵˣֻĴеԼȥɡһ˵ţһ߶׵Ķͷһ㡣


52 
ױһ㣬Ժжʱ͸ֳһɻ档
һ޴Ĺֱһķ䣬һСŮڿ飬Ȿ־ȻǡͶ򴫡
͵׿СŮʱǸСŮҲͻȻ̧ͷϿһۡ
һ˲䣬׵ı۽ͻȻһʮˮˮҲ֪Ϊʲô֣ǳˡ
˵ʵΪﵽزˮѾȨˣȻϲˮ
ο׵ǰ֮壬ϼѣȻŮϺȴԶˮ
δ
ˮڵϷԺеĻҲͲˡ
ոǸ֮ȻûдˣΪǲǵġһ˵
һ˵꣬ҲԼ۽еʪ֮һȻ󲻿ŵĿ˵ϵۡ
ˮΪʲô
ױԼŵˣȷʵΪҵ֮еˣôҲû뵽ԼȻᡣ
ҪԼˣȻǷ򣬲ĸ飬ȴ֪˵ҪкܶϢԤʾûҵİҲֻʱѡָһϢ
˵ҪĴڣȻҲһ˵Ȼˡ
ֻǣôҲ벻˵ûȥ룬ǸԼҪݺıɱ֮ҲΪ˵Ҫˡ
ʵϿ֮ģȻǵ䡢λ඼ܴ󣬵ϸһ룬ֻ֮һܶĽ࣬Ҳֻ֪ͬ˴˵ܡ
Ȼ˫Ը˴Ҳ֪
׶ԣ֮İҪκһˣȻӵˣʱƣ׷±Ƚ϶Ļ顣
֪²úռ˺ܴһֱ֮Ļںκʵں
ҵѾľҪϢҲˣڿԽⱾ鼮˰ɡ˰һж˵󣬾ͿʼҪ鼮
ףǲκλش
˫ĬƬ̺˲˵ðɣ㻹Ҫô
һҪѰһˣУҲϢ˶˵ҲҪ˰ݡ
Ͼ׿óûȫʧᣬ֪ʲô
ԣҵһݣΪҲŸոյûκѧϰҵ£ҵǳСǷּۻۣ˵ݾǿݣԾǲԡ
һᰲƹŶݼףʱѧϰͨ˻ֻܶ࣬ҪҰĻҪرҲֱӣʼ̸
취һȫƿطһ£ȻдˡŶݼס˭ģҲҪ۵ġ
ٻŶݼסⱾ鼮ҲܹɵݣݵĳɹʣԼһЩԼǿͬʱֲǿܶĴڡ
ԼݵĻֱӰ죬ֻǸŶݼ׵֪ʶݵĽ϶һЩѡ
λԼݵĻ֪ΧɽˮսԼԶǽһݡ
ֱܹӰѽɻ棬ǿֶΣȻܹʹ˴ˡ
ҿ԰ÿһ֪飬ǰѧϰŶݼ׵㹻ࡣҲϣŶݼױ
̫ˣÿһΣ
Ȼּۻۣ׾Ͳͬˣ׿Ƿǳóּۻ۵ģŶݼǿ£ȻҪˡ
ܣҵûôǿÿһεĻһʧҡҡͷϢ˵˳
ԭҲǺ㶨ģһĹ࣬ôҲ顢Ȼ󳹵״ⷽʧ
ǾÿĸһΣһĴΣ
˵ɺ󣬾һ׷
ҪԺҵﵽǸزȻڽʱ䷨пġ˿óײ룬ֵЭ
ãҲǿ㣬Ҫһ㣬ֻҪ־ԼôھͰ鼮㡣
׶ǱȽ⣬Ժ󣬾ͽŶݼסⱾ鼮


53 ٶ
˽ӹ鼮Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦʵĵģαװġ
Ϊһ֮ûҪΪ˵ʱһûκεС
ˣ
˵õ鼮󣬶ʱһƿʼܵƵӰ죬ŶݼסⱾ鼮޷Զ
ȻһǿϢʹ鼮ͷų˿ЩϢ󣬸æſ콫ͳͳ뵽ڡ
ЩϢϢǳϢ˵ĴСνҪľϢ
о仰˵Ļ֪ʶֻҪ֪ʶλҲ͵һɺǿ
ЩϢǱŶݼסʱͻΪһ׹û뵽ڣ׸ںһ
໥ں֮󣬺ܿ˵ɢȥȻΪһ֮Ϣ鼮
鼮ûдڶãֺܿתΪ˵ģֱ֮鼮Ȼ󡭡
˵鼮ǲͣ仯ֱ˫仯˽ٴκ󣬲ųȶ鼮̬
ȶ̬󣬾ʹ鼮ϢվϷ壬Ҳ˵ǡŶݼסˣһպٻŶݼ׵ʱҲͿٻˡ
ò˵˵һϢ
״̬ҲڶѣպѧϰŶݼ׵鼮ͻᱻʱٻˣ˾Ϳֿ
Ҳʹñǿǿнٻ˲ԸֵĻƾ鼮޷ٻġ
ڣҲܹѹƣֲ޷Ϊ׼еλˡ
͡ŶݼסķʽҲܼ򵥣ֻҪ׽鼮ٻԼ߼ɡ
Ŷݼף
׵һȣܿ鼮ͱٻ׵ߣҲͼתΪ˵ģ׵ǰ
벻ⱾȻôǿǷ޷ƿӵЩҲ޷ơ΢п˵ţûиġ
˸ղŸŶݼסںϣֱԼԼ鷳ںϵĻķֲƣ˵е鷳
ҲΪǸոյʱںϣҲáŶݼסⱾĵȽȷĵȽ׾ǰ֮顣
Ϊһ鼮˵ܹΪ֮ѾǳǿˣûгΪԭ򣬾Ϊ̫ĶûС
е鼮ŵ鼮سԵȵص鼮ڣ˵ŶݼְһЩдУЩصķǷǳޣ汻ƿء
һŶݼסⱾͱס˳ΪλĴڣıҲǿԳΪһ֮黹ûġ
ͬƵһһص鼮ȫдôʱܹΪ顣
˵ǰ֮飬ȴҲõļλû鼮İҲƲһЩ顣
ĹĻ˵ҲԱģֻҪõĲ䣬Ҳǿظʹõġ
ò˵Ҳһ¡
Ҫ˵ˣݰеλðɡ׵ǲ̫˵״̬˵ϵѾǳˡ
һЩйصƷң
Ҳٶ˵ֱӸҪйص⡣
׻û̫ʹƷṩˣͥһ˾Կԡ
Եһ£
׶˵һ䣬ͶһץȻֱӴһռ֮š
ռ֮һ򿪣һߵ׵ǰǸйΪܹϵҹ
׶ٻν£ҹȻ߽˿ռ֮ţҲ֪ٻ֪Ū˼ĶҪʲô
Ҫ֪ʲôԼĴ㣬ҪľѪһ߿ҹһ߽ԼҪ˵˳
ҹǰеŮˣѪҺҲŰеϢΪҪǣһܳʱ˫໥ϢûʲôҹеĹϵˡ
ƾҹѪҺݳе顣
ԼײѾѪκˣҲύκη
Ͼ겢ܣ˵û֪ǱһЩǿĴڵõѪ˵Ϳݳ
ĴڣȻܹԼľѪȥðˡ
Ѫ𣬺õģ
ҹõ׵ĴԽͺҲûκεĵֱִӾͽʮξѪڱ˳Ȼ󽻸ס


54 ҵ
ҹѪҺ˺ܿݵйڰе顣
ҵˣԼɡ
˽ͬһѰ֮ǰ㣬ֱӽڰеӰ촫ݵ׵Ժ֮С
һΣͨӰȿľһֻ޴צӣһ壬ȴľ޴צӡ
֮Ӱ춼ʼС׾Ϳ޴צӣڷһġ
սǸսһҲеСȣǸԸģôȴͻȻڧˣһ㶼е
׻潥ʥ֪Լ·𿴴ʲô
ȵȣ򣬸ʲôطðѿռڵңҪֱӹȥ׷Ǹ޴ķǿ߹ػߣǸʥԼһصӰһͬȡ󣬾֪ѾѰ
Ȼõ˺ܶϢôп֪ʲôĴڡ
ɵΪ˶ԿһʱıͬۼסҲԡ˱һʣȻİЩϢס
ֻǣ˵ЩҲɢˣȻϢʱ򣬶˵ҲǷǳġ
ȻܹıҲ˵һǵõôͻӵжʱڿԺͥϾͥûһλͥػҲһС֣ҪλȻе鷳
׳󣬾Ͱűϵҹ˵һ£ҹҲһ㶣Ȼ벻ǻ֡
򣬰ѿռڵң˵Щ֮Ҳٶ룬ֱӸҪռڵ㡣
У޷ݣҪԼŬˡûлӦ׵Ҫ󣬶ǿʼɢ
ȵȣһ֮ҽעڣӵеλãҵĵһҪ󡣡׵Ȼܹ˻ȥˣǸæʹøոյԼס
ô˵вڵǿˣҪܹ֯ǵõôٿðʱʧȥԿͥ
ʧȥ˶ԿͥʲôֶΣֻѡ
εԼһ꣬һ֮ڲٻ㣬ôҾʹӦ㡣˾Ȼ
Ҳһ㶣Ϊǲ̸еģ˭ȻҲ֮Σ
˵ּۻۣʵǶ˱Դ֮ǿ㣬ôҪһʱָ
ǰΪҪôҲֻܹ˵ˡ
ҴӦ㣡
׵ȻˣͲīֱӴӦȻ󻹽֮ȡˡ
˽ֻǶһȻ׵֮Ȼݻһռ֮š

Զܾɵǰ
еھսڽػ޴ܣʣµǸ˿ܣҲۿͱľ
ǸľʵǷǳǿģȻҲͬΪλ˫״̬սĻôǻ䣬ӮҲҪĴۡʥʤȯգҲһ
֪ΪʲôǾһɲʥȽǿᣬڤڤе֪Ҳܲ
ȵȣ⣬ڼǡʥͻȻ̧ͷȻ󲻿ŵĿա
ֻռǷյģϷʲôûУȻʥȴɷµĿա
ϢİһµҲ·ܵʲô
ǣҲóһ鼮÷ֹ⣬һҲڴ˿ռ֮ţռ֮ڡ
ռڲ׵һ۾Ϳ˰кʥԼǸеĺӰ
ĸڿ׺󣬳˺Ӱ⣬׺û̫ȡ
Ȼ㣬칬֮
ףΪʲôǻߣƻǵļƻ
ףǰĻȷʵǵļƻһȴѰ·
λ׺һʱ䶼սʮ㣬޲ھ͸ȥƴ
ͬʱǸ޴ķҲúľȻӿ׹
ˣڳҲûһΪڶѾСˡ
ţħ
ǹ۲׵ʱҲڹ۲ǣǵ˺Ӱ󣬵һʱͷӰħ


55 ̰ħ
ڴ˸ӰоͿǸӰֻʱû뵽ӰħҪ֪ħĵˣǻʵĹС
ڣкʥΪ˶ԸͥȻħĳֹϵĳһֺⲻò˵׵
꣡칬֮ԭֻһʮѡħ׺Ҳͬһʼ˿ǰ㣬׼Ϊӣûа׵һ¡
֮ϰԵʶ̽̽ǳͨͬϸߵĴȥ֪ϵ͵Ĵһ
ڸ֪ҵǲ֪׷ħĸ֪󣬲ûκεķԼΧġ󵨵ĸ֪Լ
ħ׵Ⲣر׵ĿŴ£Ҳͬʼʹ̽ס
̽ʼ΢һĹǸֵ׵ѪҺ̶ȡǸȵȡ
ħ̣̽ռǩе̽飬һħһ̽ʱ򣬾ʹѾ˶뷨
뷨ͨ˵ǷǳΣյģȴмһˣΪͨˣ꣬׶Լš
һ㣬ǾǼûϸԪħҲ׵ɹ׾ܵظĴʼˣܵظȻֱİףǱǻеġ
Ҳ˵һ˶׵뷨ôܵظķͻᱣס
ƾܵظǿᷨԼĿԣһֱӶ귢չˣô׵ĵ֡
һ㣬Ǿǳܵظػ⣬绹żˣ׵ܵıֻҪУκҪ׽깥ˣҪΪصĴۡ
ţȵȣﲻһԶħڼ׵󣬾Ϳʼ׵ꡣ
ڼ˲䣬Զħͷ˺ʲôԣֻҲû뵽ﲻԡ
ǱȻûзʲôԾڰߣԶħȷʵ˲ԾĵطԾף԰
͵ԶħԼħŶ׵ʱͿʼе㲻ԾˣҪ֪Զħܹܸģĸھͺܴ
ͻķ֣ԶħС
ʵϣûа׷УΪʵ̫ˡ
ǶԶʱڵħ˵еǸǴ˵е飬Ҳûһܹڶʮ겻£ﵽڳɾ͵һ롣
ʲô飬ΪʲôǺܲҵӡħ֪вףôֻһֿܣǾǲԼζᡣ
ȻҶᣬȻҾͳǲע⣬ֱӶ칬֮Ȼ칬磬ꡣħԽԽ˷ܣȻԶŵĴڣżߵǻۣȴһҲ˽⡣
˵ܶ˵׺ǿħȴΪ׵ǿױûʲôġ
ˣħھһ˼֮£ֱӻΪһźȥ
ʱף·ûиܵħĹһֻǾվȴűϮͬʱһЦӣ֪Լͷ
ֱ仯ħϢϲǵԼ֪£ֱӾͱռ壬ĻռħͻѸںϡ
ħռʱܵ˵ֿôдǳ̣˵ɻᱻռݣͲ˵ˣЩǿĴڣǲҲʱ䣬ħҪͣĸǿڸӲʲô
ҵˣԺҾ칬ֻ֮Ҫõ壬ôħ綼ҵĶ֣ʱҾֻ磬ΪʮһħԶħвͣĿЦͷ׶ĸ֪
ԭħħܹһ磬ֲǵôǿ
ħħ׵ʱ׾Ͱħ
ħλᶨħ仰֮󣬶̲סķ˼ӵĴ
ħץסĻܹˣȴʲôûħȹΰȫڡ
˺һħŷӳǾ仰ڶ˵Ǳ㾪ȵʵҵ


56 ɵ
ħû׻شĵһ⣬ֽʳһ⣺ҵ㾹ȻõҵΪʲô
ǰΪʲôأ׿ûлشħ⣬˳ⷴһ䡣
ǲµģһǲµģȻ칬ܹ֮ôСһ˵Ļвһңвͨħܿҵһ𰸣˵ϣĴ𰸡
𰸵׳ħҲ׷ˡ
ɣں
ħʱΪ̡
һǸոԶħħ̽飬ҲɨǱ
ڶı꣬һ׳ħһӵпǸ֧Ȩ
ռһûôħԲʵȴҪﵽۿۡ
źħ뷨ãȻȴûʲôЧ
ˣ
͵ħ괥˲䣬ͻȻһŷϽɫҫ۹âСףħǰ
ϽɫףһڵħγһǳĶԱȡ
⣬֮⣬ԽԶʱڵ֮ǿ֮ħܵɹâ󣬶ʱһ˻С
һ˻һߺˣȻǻᡣ
ҵԣÿΪҵϣҿ֮󣬺תأȻ͵ҵĿУв֮״Ц˵һ䣬ϸԪĹâ˲䱬ըֱӾͰħΧ
̣̣̣
ײ֮󣬷һ޷ݵ֮ûЩâһĻص׵ϸԪ֮ڡ
һлָ׾ͷϸԪĸ߶һ磬һ翴Ǻܸߣ˵ǿǽʮ֮һ
׵Ԫȼ˵Ѿ൱һʥλ֮ˡ
˲ӵʱ䣬͵õһ൱ʥλġҩڵ˵ǿ㲻ˡ
׳ԶħҲԼʲô
ãڰɵ
ܿ׾뵽ԼӵĶ֮ǰһֱ֮ŰУǶԼϸ룬ħ֮ô;Լơ
ϾħȻ˵ǵˣ˵ѣôһħǶҲǰλ
ǸոħʱȴûκΰٶƾһȻű顣
ΨһܹƵģȻǸɵˡ
Ԫ֮鼮֮𣡡
һٻˡͶ򴫡ֱʹԼԪ֮ߵζ𣬽𣬵ʵֻʮ֮һαٻ˳
Ȼα𣬵ɷǳĴٶڰ˵ƾԼȥӭôضˡ
𣬲ֻҪڼһʱͺˡпһɵȻһҧֱӽһʥ˳

ʥֵ˲䣬оҲľʥ飬ԼⱾʥ໥Ӧʥ֮
ʥʥ֮ԱγɲͨλȫһֹҲҪݱܷâ
֪Լ˵Ļ͵ڸɵʱ䣬ֱӽʮö컯ڿУֹԼܵ˺Ȼɹ⡣
¾ݾɽ󣡡
Ϊ˷ֹǳɹֱٻɽ
õɽȻǸʥƵĽ󣬵ҲǼΪǿġ
ڽİ£ɱǣסһСʱҲǿԵġ

֮һ죬һɼǿĽ˲ͳŰֹȥǵصĽ⹥ǰҲҪֳһ
ĻɵٶȾͻֻҪ˵ǻᡣ
ɶ̫ǿˣֱóǵ硣вǵһμɽ󣬵ÿһοпӦó֮ϡ
ʥʥȻҲ뷨ǲû˵Ǽרɵ
˵ɵΨһϣֻеõɵܹӹ٣ӵһʱҲӲһ뿪磬Ѱҵһᱻֵ֮ͥС
ҹ֣
֪ǵ뷨ʱҲҹ


57 ݳ޵Ĺս
ǰĻϲɣ粢ǸӢ磬˵˵ﵽһزʱҲγɺǿ
ȻһЩ˲ɿʱôҪˣڵףĸǿϸԪ֮Ǿλֻһ֮ң
ˣ׵ɲλǵԵĻͥ׶ǰǵĶ֡
ײŻҹԼ壬ֻҪúȻȥ飬ôа˳ɵİɵ塣
ڵĻڳɵʣűԼɲǵʱԸǴ򶷡
䣡
׼ɽʱ򣬰еʥʥҲױǿıɽ󶼱˽ɵ
ɱըನҲýʮס
ҺãҹԼżķֶΣ鼮ըʱ򣬾Ѿ嵽˰еǰ
ɣУ
ҹѾһҪɱˣûйɱеĻᣬ˵ûеõ˽ӽĻᡣ
˵һõĻᣬһԺ󶼲֪᲻ֵĻᣬҹʱҲƴˡ
Զ߱ꪣ
ҹӵʥһʥ飬Ҳǡ¡ⱾͲö˵ˣΪĵһʥ飬ÿ춼ܹõܶҡ
͹һ鼮ҹÿٶǧһԴԴϣֻҪֻ࣬ҪҪôÿҹõܶࡣ
ȻҲһ׶ˣǾгһͥһͳ磬ôÿ׬ұ١
ֻǴĵزҲʱҾͲϵء
úݣȻֱӶʹ߱ꪣǶһξͻʮҵĶ鱦п߱ꪺ󣬶ʱŭӡ
鱦ͨһӿܶûΪõ鱦һʮңǷǰĻ׶޷
Ϊ¡˵ҹ
У֪λǿԲС㣬Ҳ㴭Ϣᣡҹͷųʮҵһ󣬱ĵĲǺܶࡣ
ղŵĹ˵ȻȫһҪĶϣҹǿԼͷŹġ
ڶ
Ϊ˲дϢĻᣬҹȻͷųĹҲǶʮҵĹ
֮ңѾܹݳˣʵϣҲûм˿ôֽŵʹҡ
ҹΪֻҶ𣬼ȻƴңҾ㣡ҹ׵˫عеԲˡ
ԼأΪѾû˶ˣõҵ·һ룬ÿһڶڰ˵ܹ˷ѡ
κҹ˵ƴҲòѧϰҹͷųʹóҹСķֶΡ
ʹó˼ֵʮڵҷܺеĿƾͱˡ
һߣʥʥҲæŰеֵҹʱʹǿɵ
Уڼһ£ֻҪڼһ¾ͺá
ѾҵɵĺģֻҪģǵעУǾͿԳΪɵˡ
Ҹܵ˹ϵ־־־ǶǳĹϣҶڵ˵ЩԿ顣
ǸԶħûƭǣɵȻ干ͬΪ˶Կһ壬ǿᱦ
ʥڽɵʱҲһɵϢͬʱҲɵ
Ϸ
ոձ鼮Ա˵ףҲѿǰ׼õ컯ڣȻŵҩ˲ָеơ
Աʥ飬пɻá׻ָ԰еĹϱʾ
Ҫ֪ǿʥ飬˵Ϊ׵ĳʥڱˣ巢չڣ˿ʥıɷǳ⣬һʥںܴһ˵ֵõĴڡ
Ȼȴ붼óԱɴ˿ɼ־ȷʵԶǳ˿ɱȣҪǴеʥӦò٣һʼҲʹǷҪҹƵزѡʹҡ
ͨһ㣬׿֪ڰ˵ҪʥҪ
ҹҲһʹʮңǰҵż󡣡׿ҹĹҲԵĸ̾һ䣬ҲٻԼʥ飬׼ٴμս֡


58 ֮
ó鼮ǡͶ򴫡ҲѴע뵽С
һΣײԼȥˣĽڲʹãΪǵƣʹĽôӺܶ෽ܳԿ
ԵطĹԼʱʹֹơ
ûˣ᣻
Уȫȫȡ
ռȻ仯籾Ϊ֮
ͬׯ壬Ĵʦ
鼮ʶһݣһ׷ͯյ߾ͳǰ
ߣȻ档
ΪеһBOSSҲǷǳǿģײŻٻȥҹƹ˰УϷɵȥ
һжĿģǷǳġ
һĿĲǸսҲΪ˴ɱǣΪ˲ðǵõɵֻҪǵòɵᱻͥ
ҵˣɵı壬ȻɵڱôҵϸԪƣֱռɵҪռɹ˵һֱӽεĻᣬɵϷҲһЦΪԼɹ
Ԫϣȥ
֪ԼԪ֮ǿΪ˲ܵ˺ɴͰԪȻֱӶ뵽ɵС
ԪʵһôǾԪԴԽκʵķֱӽ뵽ʵڲ
һʧˣΪ͵ԪŸտɵʱͻȻǰһȻٸӰǰ
ǡԶӢ飡
ЩӰҲһ㶣ΪÿһԼ־ȻǴӰǾԶӢ顣
ֻЩӢ̫ûеõĲ䣬һǳǵľλӢ飬ʵϵҲʥλѡ
ȻһʥλӢ˵ܲʲôٸʥλӢ飬ɾͷǳĲһˡ
飡
Խ֮Ϣ飡
һ飬ֱͬеһ
֮һеһǾԲع߳
һеһеҫ
ΪƷͳΣΪδ
ɱ
Ӣ鿴׺󣬾Ȼ׵һĴڡ
ϸҲǣ׵ϸԪͿ飬һǿ֮ͳ˧ʴ۵ϸԪ
׵ϸԪǺǿϵĽλȴ֮Ϊǿ֮֮
ɵĴڱΪ˶Ը飬Եǿ׵ϸԪ󣬵һʱͷ˹һƴĹҲҪˮĹ
ȵȣҲ壬壡׼ǵصĹȫ߶Ԫ֮
Ԫ񼶱Ĵ鹥ûʲôɿԵģƾֱѹɶԷ
Ȼ׵ԪڶƴʱռżƣǶԸͨӢ飬׵ôͬСٵ൱ǸӢʮϡ
ڶӢĵһֻ״󲿷ֵûа׻ˡ
ᣬҲæʾһԼݡ
ֻϧϸԪϢˣûһӢ壬Ƿһƻ飬һȻ˵ѻ顣
ǰԷǿ飬֮ͳⷽأǽǣɵԴ˵õ
ǰǣѾ޷鿹ˣֻܹɵǰǡ
ʥЩԶӢĳЩʱͻȻ׷˵˻ѻѻǵӣ˶֪Ǽٵġ
ȻЩԶӢ˵ȷʵһ㶼û⣬Ϊһֱڱӡ״̬ټһǿ֣֮ȻΪ֪ͨʱġ
Ҫ֪Զʱڹһ֮Ѿѹ޷Ϣˣһ֮ǿ֮Ȼ֮벻Ǻǿǿֻһ߷Ҳ˵
ʶȷʵʸ̳ɵֻΪǱ߻ɱ
ȵȣǸŮϢҲ˵ѾͶ𣿡
һ̰ĽٵŮˣǻŮ˳֡
Ǹ֮״̬񲻺ãڶһιȻͰʣµƷӡɵȨλ
ܺá
һȺλӢҲҹô֮£Ѿ˶׷


59 ׷
ܵڶλӢĵһιʱ׾Ѿ̫ǵĵڶιֻȴΪĲЩӢ顣
ߣˣ
Ȼǵһ߷ûġ
֣Ҳܹ뿪
ս֮ݣȻָǵĺ󱲡
ڶλӢ鷢Ҫߺ󣬾ȻûзףףȻ׵Ԫָ֮ʥʥԼǡ
仯ȻƣɰǾͺˬˣǸܵЩԶλӢ뷨󣬸һڴ
˵֪׺ǿϾһԵڶλӢ飬ΪױӦҲǶ֡
Ǿ仰׵ǿûôǿ
Ҳ֣ԶӢ֯ߣ
ռ̣ǿ
һǻᣬֻҪպãͿɱףƷͳΡ
λҲ֪ѵõĻᣬһʧȥĻԺ֪Ƿ񻹻
Ϊ˸ԶӢᣬж׳ˣĳ־ζԼҪشΪҹһֱ
ˣҲѡ񹥻ףΪشȡģôڰ˵ʵֵ̫ˡ
ףһѰ·˭Ҳֲˡ
ԶӢһɣһ֮£λҪҷ𡣡
ˣʱѾȥˣҵʱ
ܵڶλĿֲÿһ쳣Ϊ׼
û취ʵԼԱһ£Ϊ޷ֵסο׵λ
һеԵڽ
ףͲó磬ʧɣ
ףӢϣ˵ѾõĽˣ˾һжɡ
̲סĸߺȻǷǳļ
ʵһǶ֪ɵȻôӢ飬׾Ȼ뿪ͥ
ֻҪףɱ֮ô͵ֻصǵϡ
һָ̣ܵϵȨ֡
һߵҹ̲ס¶˾ֵɫΪҲܵڶλӢ鼯жǿ
ôǿ֪׺Ҵ棬׻ʲôֶ֪Ρ
ɶѾǴܰƿһˣڵ״̬ʮ֮һ֮ĻᶼûУǡҲԼ֪ڲжĻԼͻ
ǡ
ǣ׵ȻֶΡ
ǴֶλɱǵģȻƵزҲֻܹǰʹóˡһ֡
ֳֺ׵ǰʱһҫ۵Ĺââҫ֮£ҹЩӢǣһʱ䶼Ҳ֪Χܹľֻ޾Ĺâ
ЩԶӢĹڰ׹ҫֱڽҵˡ
꣡꣡
â߽˹󣬻һ޴뵽ÿһ˵ĶС
ãⷽռҪˡ
󱲡󱲡󱲣æ뵽ɵС
ŸոմԶŵӢͺǸæɵ
յӢǵʾȻҲͣ׷ٶƾŶɵĸ֪ɱɵ档
ʲô飬ŨĹâ˿־ѹʲôʥһ̲סһ䡣
ͥûв´Ļ֮ͥͥгص˵
֮ͥ׵ͥ״ģпܵϾܹ֧ô౦֮ϣôԷǳǿᡣʥҲͬеĲ²⡣
ֻǣһ̷ǳĲģΪոôλİɱ׵Ļ׸ôܹɱס
þ֣׾ҲüԦֱʹɱǡлȽ侲Էȱݡ
䣡䣡
ڰиո˵ʱһ֮ǵеһأ·һεĴǵһ
Ǻܳأ̲סĶ
ʲôˣһǳأַǳشĶ
Ǹ֮ٻĶʲôıȻɵ
ĿռѾˣӦ˵ǷΪʣռ䱻ǵĿɵˣ֮ĿҪȫ
ڶλӢһҲ̲ס̾Ϣ


60 ͥԴ
ǶΪˣ˭׾ȻһٻһǸ޷濹
֮£ռ䱻ȫ飬ɵҲҡڲͬеһƬСҶӣ֪ʲôʱͻᱻ뺣ס
Զŵȱǣ浽׷ʲô飬Ǹ֮ôͻȻͱôǿˡиֵܵ󣬱ԶӢһ䡣
һƬõıЩȻһȻǲɵЩȴֵʦݺᣬȻγһɺɺԶʤɵǲӰĻһԻɵһԶӢ˵
Ӣ˵ǰ㣬ʱ׾վɵϷǰƯһƣһ
ЩȻͥһɹˣǿƾ֮ǰµ
ٻ˽硢ؽ硢綼ٻ
ǿ֮ĻǸš
˵׸ոոܵΣպ󣬱㽫µٻȻͨٻͥһٽͥʮ֮һķγһõͥ
õͥҲɵԿġ
ɣ֮ͥ£һзֻһ³һȻ·ɵһָ
䣡
ͥӰͬܵ׵뷨һֱͬʯ׹һ㣬ɵȥ
˵ͥõģص⾳ȴǿıͥӰУôɵĽﲻʲô飬ЩӢ飬Լǵ꣬ǶҪͥǿѹķ顣
˵ķ飬Ҳ顣
ʧȥĻҲûκ壬һеĸ
׶벻㻹ֶֹΣֶֻθͥıԴ֮йأһɵײĻôͥҲԵʧȥʮ֮һıԴ֮˵ͥŸոճãԴ֮û궼ָҹҲܵ׵Ĺʡ
һʼʱҲû뵽׻ƣʵǰҹٲϣҲòײͥˣͥıԴ֮׶Ե
ͥıԴ֮ǰλĴڶһ
ʹĴҲΪ߰ȾõʧȥⲿֱԴ˵ֻʮ֮һͥͣתҲҪпָܻ֮ǰ
ҲдˡŶݼסҪûⱾ鼮˲󷨵Ļôʮ֮һıԴûʮ궼Իָ
֮⣬ʹһ㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
ΪͥӰٵʱһз򶼽ᱻƣռҲˣֻҪˣͿԺɵƿռ䣬ȻֱӶߡ
ȻҪǲԪ֮ĻҲùʱ̵ʱ֮֯Էߡ
һʼʱҲǴʹֶεģڵĻѾûٶʹùʱˡ
ʮ֮һͥԴ֮ȡɱͥ鷳ΪֵõģοҲɡشһ䣬仰гθš
û취һʼ׾ֱӷĹô˵Ļջ񣬶ڳǶԷɵɵĸӲƴ׵ջ󲻵ȥ
ԭˣҹ׵Ļеõ˲ϢҲ¶һε顣

ɵڡ
Ӣ鷢׵ĹҲ֪ԲܹͥӰײһײĻɵڵ궼ҷͬʱɵϵӡǣҲ᳹ʧ
һӡʧɵͲ干еģʱ˭ǰԼӡֲУͻõɵ
һ㣬ǾûӡǵɵԷǳɵıռУӵӡǵʱ˭ҪռɵǷǳѣλ֮Ҳǿɵ
֮Ĺ̫ǿˣǱݱâֹܹܵġ
ռ䷨Ѿ飬ǿԿٷ
ɵƶҪԴ޾ķӡ֮УѾûôԴˡ
ȼǵӢ飬Ӣ֮ΪǿԴȻƶɵ뿪
ʧȥ֮Ǿͻ᳹ʱ˵ټˡ
ֻϧûۼ
һҪƷͳΣͽˡ
ǵľǾͰԼ־뵽ɱ֮ϣʱǾɵҪסֻ֮һ𣬲ܹԿ顣
һеһС
ԶӢŰֱ𽻴һ仰󣬾ֱȼ˸Խ֮ȻΪһɼǿƶɵ


61 Ӱ磨ϣ
е˵룬Ѿ㵽ˣϧ֪ҲûãΪȥҲûǸ
׶ƴȫĻӵʱ䡣ҹǲϣԷôߣ΢һ£һĿʱ䡣
֮ĻôҹȻԿƺܳʱ䣬ǶɵȻԣѾļˡ
˵ˣʮӶûãܹǶʮֵʱ䣬ôҵǿƴԪ͸֧ǡ
ҡҡͷȻԼҪʱҹ
ʮںܶ˵һʱ䣬ڶڰ˵ȷʵ֮Ĺϵ
ʮ޷ѵǵĽѣȻΪܹΣյʱ뿪ҹȻģҲûа취顣
˵һĴۣܹʮеʱ䣬ôֻҪ䣬ʲôԽܡ
źǣûֿܣԼҲܹ
ѾˣɵİԸǻӵѡɵǰʧ̲ס̾Ϣһ䡣
Ļһ䣬ͥӰҲʧˡ
ղŵӰȻһֵֻҪûг꣬ǿԷͥģⲿֱԴ֮ܶ࣬ʡĻͥҪʱָ
߽ӢĹƬռҲĸ±ɻָ
ԣһ׵ʧǺܴҲһػһɱǸԶħЩλӢҲΪ˾ͰǶ
ǵõЩսս´ԵľٸʵָλӢ飬Լһ֪ʲôֶεԶħһΣճ̶ڵİٱϡ
֮ǲġ
׶ǽô죿ҹɵʧ󣬾Ͷһ䡣
ڣҲϰʲô鶼ˣоʲôȫǲ²
߰ɣͥ
֪ȥҲû壬οҪȥѰ֮ڸո˼ǿҪһʱĻظ˻صͥõѡ
õģҹͷûκεҲϲͥϴš
Դֺͥ󣬷ͥϴõˣ̫Ըص֮ϣΪͥһһָоǾֻҪ֮ͥϵˣ֮ˣ
صͥĹҲܼ򵥣ѾٻֻҪʹֱͨӴһŹͨĿռͨ
ͨʽݣҲ˵״򿪿ռͨʱ򣬾ͻһһ޾ݳǵǰȻȥڣÿһΧĿռ䶼ᱻ̺ܶࡣ
ͨݵĻسɴ硢ļͨͨͥʱ򣬲Ҫ̫ͥĻҪܶࡣ
صͥҲûиҹʲôֻǻصԼȻʼָĵԪ֮
ʱ򣬲ò˵ͥȷʵһʥأƾͥڵټ۱׵Ļָٶȷʵܿ졣
ֻ׵Ԫ̫֮أԹʱ䣬Ԫ֮ҲŸոջָ֮һѡ
Ԫָ֮ز׾Ѿ̲סҪȥѰ֮ˡ
֮һԪ֮ټİôΣҲܹԸǸɵɶԿֶΣұҪȥ֮һ֣ô鷳ˡ״ӱվȻմһС
һӰͳ׵ǰ¡
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¶ҪѾŮӻһοܱȽΣգΪ˰ȫҪϣʱͲҪ뿪ͥˣҪ۱ϣͥ§סǰ£ȻԼҪ飬ϣ鶼
ͥҵ׵Ҫ󣬵Ȼе޷ˡ
Ҫ֪׵Ƿǳ߹ģҲ֪жҪ档
ԵģһҵһԪ֮㣬ƾԪܹ֮ͥٷ֮һıԴͥ棬ǰٷ֮һҲ㻯Ϊһʱ䣬ʱӾͻɱͥڵһʥλ֪µĵģԸæ¸¡
ͥıԴ֮жǿһܹģҪͥıԴ֮пԷ»õ۱ļӳ֣ͥУֻҪñԴ֮Ϳ԰


62 Ӱ磨£
ڰһжº󣬾ֽٻ˹
Ҫ뿪һ磬ǰӰ棬ʱ棬Э¶ͥһ˵ţһֽһԪע뵽ڡ
۱ԱߣȻֳָһѸ۱һģһΣֻεɫȽϵͳû۱ô
ǸΪõ׵ȨŻֵĸܶ۱һҪܵ۱ĹϽȨܣҲԶЩͨ
ףͥѾ׳ˣҲˣΪʲô㻹Ҫðա鿴ó׼뿪̲סĴһ䡣
ʵ֮ͥͺʳˣֻǰһֱûлᣬʱǸûжʱ䣬ֱץסôһᡣ
ΪѾǱȽǵˣܣȻ˵Ҫ뿪磬ôܹġ
ֹʵҲǳģҲ׵Ը֪ԼȰ˵ҲûãĻܰȫ׺ܰȫҲˡ
Բ𣡡ײ֪λش飬ֻܹ˵һԲ
Ҫ鲻ˣĿǰҪֻһҪٻؾŮΪڶɱСʥʥ˽罨һ޴ĵ۹ѡһͳ˧硣ǽħ
װҪ鶼˵˳ʱȻ޷ͣô͸ɴ̯ơ
ҪѾˣֻҪƽЩ飬Ϳ԰ͥд顣
ʱ򣬲ͥʱҲʱ
ֻ𣿡׵̹׺󣬼Ҳõ˻͡
ôһ㲻ô˵Ҳǵһʳˣֻһ˵ĺȫ棬ϳ⣬ûʲôֵȥˡ
׵ŵһξġҲĵǣ֣صһŵ
ŵ칬֮Ҳʥߣʲô۵ЩݣʹԼŵ
칬֮ʥߡۡʥЩݶ˵ģȻӰֻеʹԼŵʱΪʱ
׵ŵҲ¶˻ĵЦݣΪ׵ŵжء
ðɣҾһΣȻиˣϲû˵
İɣ
ҲһЦѾǰһصˡ
ˣ
˵֮ıͳһռ֮ţױת߽˴֮С

Ӱ磬
ΪӰ磬Ϊд˳˼Ϊı任
ȣǵֵͥʱӰ֮ҲͥӰ죬ͥɢһ㶼١
˵ͥͥͥǶһ޶ģӰҲ޷ƣοͥ磬ӰҲֵͥĹϽΧ档
ϾҪϸȥĻʵӰ綼һ磬ֻǱ־ֳΪѡ
ӰĿģΪѰ֮
дˡŶݼסʱп֮һڣȻź죬֪ǲĹӰĹ
ΪϵǸ֪ʥػʱͻٵˣԵ׿Ǹ֮תɹһܵӰУҳΪӰеʥһԱ
ˣײֱͥͨӰĴš
ͥţ趨бӵֻͨͨ־סŵڵͥţֻܹǰ˽硢ؽ硢ԼӰ硣
ħ磬ҪȥһˣȻ¼Ϣܹһ´ʹŽС
ˣŵҲǷǳǿˡ
ˣ
͵״֮ŵ˲䣬һ޴ӰͳӰϷ
һ֣Ӱĸ߽״ڣ̲ס̧ͷա
Ҫ֪Ӱ˵ͥʵ̫ˣȻҲšͶ򴫡Ȿдͥ䲢Ǻܶࡣ
ڡ硷Ӱ޷Щ߽״ڣͥҲֻһ֪ѡ
Ƕ˵صͥͻȻһţ⵱Ȼǵעˡ


63 𡭡
ڹ֮ǰŵӰ֣ӰĴע⣬ȴû˿Ļر˼ǾôֱֱĴ˳
˻߳һˣ
Ǹ꣬ϵϢǿǳ֮ǿ
˭Ҵûм꣡
ѹ߹̶ȣΪʥ֮Ҷ硣
׵ĳ֣ܶӰĴ̲ܶס̾
ʥ֮ҲԶͨ˵֮
ױôעӣȻܵ˴ɨԼ壬ȴһ仯ûУ·һжں
ֱһֱ޴ķһ߽׵ľ˳ǰʱ׵˫۲Ÿֳһ˿ɫ
ҸܵλϢ֮֮ˡ׿Լǰ˵ǵݡ
ӰУÿһ˲ǸͬʥȻҲӦĴڣǲûôǿ
ǾеĴڣ˭޴ķԼݣȻһ䡣
ԷʼԼݣһʱ仹е㲻֪λشΪ˵Լ칬֮Ǹ׵ģ֮ͥǻԲµõҲĶô̡
ˣ׾΢˼һ£ǵ׸νԼ
ǵʱ䲻Ǻܳ¼ӣ׾뵽˽Լķ
Ȼϵֳۣơ𡯡ͨʴۡʴۡҲԳƺΪۻۡһȻʴ۵ĳƺŰ˳
Ϊ֪У۵ĽΪһĳƺţէһ͸оǳ
ˡӰʥ׵Ľܺ󣬶ʱһߣȻŵСӣڸǿЦ𡭡

֪ʥҪ˵ʲôֱӴĻͬʱϸԪ֮ʱתȫһɴϵϢͳʥȥ
ܵϢĳǸʥɫʱһţȻȻ󵹷ɳòŵס
Ϊһ֮ϻû˵ǱǸո׵ѹʱֱͬ׺еһֻϣʶ׵Ϊװ·ֻҪһ˾ͻᱻĴķһ㡣
ǸոʥĸоһҲ׸ոǷܲϹ˵ˣٲȫϹ˵
㡭ԣôĴڣ
ʥ׵ôһ£ΪһĴڣҲԶԶǣڳƺ׵ʱ򣬶ơ
û취ʵ׸ոձֳ̫֮ǿˣǿ֮Ϊ׵Ҳܹġ
ӰУΪһ۽ǶȥҪһЩֻкһִŻǿҵǿһزʱҲǳǿᣬԸ۵Ӧ÷ǳǿᡣ
٣ʥôģΪ׵ԶԶλ뵽һĵز
ȻҲֵôԾ˵ʱôһĽ͡
һߵľ޴ոȻܵһǿϢϴûܵ׵ԣ˲ûиܵʥǰ㾪š
ɼˣҲʥıУ׵Ĳ֮
ιʲô飬Ϊʲô֣ʥдһϢ
ӰУǶĴڣֻķвʱҲἯһ¶⡣
Ͼ飬ϽļһԾͲˡ
˼壬ʱҲվͬһսˡ
ڷѯʥʱʥıϱһӰ
Ӱ׺⣬ΪȻǰУҲ˵磬ӰУжʥ
ǿλ֮ϣǲǶ֣һ𶼲Ƕ֣ոҪԸҵĻѾˡʥ˵
ôģʵǷʵѾҪˡ
ҪʵҲЧ֮ԲκصĽ磬ĿľǸԼһǿ
ĻȥİҪʱŲҶԼȻʥԣҪǾȫʢʱҲǿаһ˴ߡ
ȻҲԴһʥλĻˡ
вͨײŻῼǿǿ


64 оŮ
׼ʥǳ𾪣ҲûȥǣǸǻʱ䡣
Уǰ֮ǻѡطӦ֪ȽΣգܵӰ磬ֻҸһôʱ䣬Ȼ֪ͨһС֮
һ֮ѡ绹ĲĻôľΣˣĻΣգҪǻײ̫鷳İߡ
ܵһЩôֻҪ״ʮʥλҲΪһŮӶĿս
׿սôǽҪĲʳˡ
۴ˣϽĴ𣿡
ʥһʱʳһ⡣
еϽ磬Ȼˣ类״˾֪һǸǿֻ֣ô˴ˡ
˵ϽΪ磬ʱ˾סĵطͨ˺޷ԽϽٵǵ磬Щ˵ûκЧ˵л͸¶Լǿ˼
ĻڵҲȷʵһֿȥǿĸо
ԭˣʥͷǣȴΪ˷ܣΪոû̽ףҲһ䡰۴ˡ
ʥ뷨ܺãǾĻô˵Դʱ෢չʥ˵ôǿôҲûõġ
ӰУĴҲرãİУΪûгĴڣԻһΪİС
ҪԸ壬ôȨʲô
ոꡰ۴ˡûκεķУҲĻ˵ȥô֤һˣǻûΪĴڡ
ֻҪ࣬ôʲôľƶ÷ǳΪ
ͬʱʥҲһ˴ڿʼҪԽˡ
״Ҳе뷨Ǳ˵˵Ҵ˴½ΪѰת֮ˣǸ˾ʥأڴȥɡ
ǰ˵ôĻ˵̵棬ֻһ仰ΪؼĻ
˵֮󣬱Ȼûκ쳣ȴͣҪκαʡ
۴˾ȻΪѰһ֮ˣǸ˻ʥأĪ۴˵𣿡һ㶣æ˵һ
еĸŮ
İ˵ĳһ漣֪ôʥصģֻ֪СһֶصƣԼ쳣Դ
ķȻҲͺǿǿ磬ѧ£ʥҲǶ˵ʥأߵʥأ˵ΪеĸŮͼ뵽ʥ֮УҿʼʥصĹ
˵ڲŸոʮ꣬Ѿʮ꺢һˣǿҲԶ֮ͬˣͬʱҲԴޣܹԶͨ
İзһһʼΪܳնǾ԰ϸ飬ְȷʵࡣ
ŵֻ࣬Ҫ΢еͷԵˣὫ
ˣİвŷһУκ˵ķԣȫ
ֱ׵ĳ֣˵Ҫһת󣬰ڵһʱԼŮ
ֲðô⣬ֲð츳ôǿֲáԭȻ֮ˡһ˵˺üֲã˵ҲæɫһȻס
۴ˣ񡭡
аоŮ
бװܺãȻٴȥģû˵ڣǿһ֮ݡ
ŮƺǺСûΪ׵Ĵ϶ʱһ¾Ůš
ź󣬰вż˵۴ˣŮʥĻھͿԡ
ҲģģͥǷ˵飬ƾ˾Ů飬ԶһԸһΧ֮ڵκԸ֪ԼµʲôԷԼ֮ôҲһЩࡣ
ɴһĻᣬҲȷʵϲǷ顣
ҲѾʼҪô׵İ֮ߣ˵ͻᴥĳ򣬵ʱ֪Ϊ˰֮ͥҪѶٴۡ


65 Ӱ
Ӱİ׵Ҫ֮¶ϲЦݡ
ȻǺ׵жǿǾʹܹһ紩Խôӵе֪ʶԶǡ
ƾһ㣬ȡơ
ҪĻ׸ᣬҲƣҲǱܼ顣
һߣʥ׵Ļ֮ÿһһ
ǴѾ뵽İлʲôֻķȴҷǾֻܹȴȥᷢչΪʲôӡ
۴ˣΪֻһԸǾΪǿ壬ܵ衣İ˵
˵仰ʥϢͬʱ˰еϣȻ˲֪в
ȻҶвǶȴǸҵġ
οǲҲûãΪĴӦǵô׸ոձֳԣǾֻһ³ˡ
еҪҲ뵽һ취
Ҫ˵ǷǳѵģȻŸıƵѾλĵˣҪڼλôо̫ˡ
ֻϸ˼һ£ͻᷢİֻǿǿкַܶҲǴѹ
׵ѡǴѹѹԷΪ֣ܶЧһ֣Ҳɵһ֣ôȻǿˡ
뵽֮׵оһ뷨
ǣֻ̧˫֣Ȼһץ
ճǱߵʥһʱɳ˺ԶǶΪҪɱǣԵһ뷨ߡ
ҲôģڵһʱʹóһֱַͨӽһΪȻȥʥ
ͨȻÿһеȫ֮£ʥٻҪһʱ䡣
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УÿҪҸͬھʥʵ޷͵֮£ȻҪͬھ
ΪλȻ޷ƹеԱĻԻŰһȥ
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ʥΪǿķҲĴڡ
˵ΪλĴڣһ֪һǿ֧ʱ˭ѡʥͬھޡ
ǣİееˣΪûѡÿǶ˵ϣһôյʤ塣
ֲһֻΪ뷨еӦ
İкӰİУֱĻ֣¶ǿĻǶΪǻ󡣡׿ǵҲǸеһЦ
Ϊ׵뷨ˣҲͲֱӰһҳɫֽŴ˳
סְɣûҪɱΪϽĴڣײκεͼķչȻѾ⣬ôͷǱߵķ͸һ뿪ɡ
׵ʵ뷨ǾǴʥǰͥͬʱǱͥ
һ˵꣬ȻҲͣе岢ûк϶Ϊһɱŷ״̬ǡ
ΪԷһ뷨ܶ࣬û׼Ϊܶ˵Ļء
Һãײ뷨ҾҪɱҲû̫Ŀܣǲܵġ
ûа취ɱλҪ֡
ۣĻʲô˼Ҫߣʥȿһ䡣
ǰҪȥ磿ôǵô죬ѲȫΪĿʥҲ̲סһ䡣
ܴһֶΪʳľѪ͹Ըǵ
ͬģҲԽ嵱ʳʳõĺô࣬ȻһЩҪķʳȻж߱ǿŵı
ҪΪôϣһΪסشסߣͬʱһսս򰴵Ƚ׻֣ͽ׵Ĵڿǰ߽ף߽ײܹͽףΣ
΢˼һ£ҵ˲Ҫսİ취


66 ս
׵뷨Բ֮䱬սͬʱҲΪ
˵ɺܴ󣬵ϸĻʵҲһǴĻᡣ
û壬ǲ֪ڵ˵֮ʥһ㶣ȻʼЩʧ
磬ìսƶ岻ʵȴӭϢĿռ䡣ʥ׵˼ֻʥûб̬Ҳû˵
Դֻ࣬Ҫðôٿ԰չֻһĻԶܹΪˡʥҲ˵ʧ
˵׵ԽܣҲۡ
׿ı飬Ҳ·ǵ뷨Ծǻûʱ˵һ顣
磬Ѿǰˣ֮ͥʱκﵽλ󣬶磬պս½ֻŵĵطѡ
װڵ˵һ飬ʵҲȷʵͬ˵Ժ֮Ѿ硢Ӱĵطˡ
ĽսʮС
Ȼӵʮ죬ʮ첢ôκפϵһЩõ׵׼ܹ뵽ʮУҲǿѡ
Ҫ뽫ʮ쳹׿ôʮΪսȻڸһЩʮƿصȨǱ߱սȻţһܹõԴ
ЩƴȡԴΪͥĴڽд󲿷ֶΪͥġ˰աֻĳҵԴᱻӵС
ˣҲͬһ㣬ΪͥϵĴڣͥʮˣͥפĻôǷҲֻᱻųÿţѲͥСѡ
Ϊ½ﵽǿߣ˭ԸȥһС˭Ըһӱū۵׶ʮķȨ͵ڸΪʺǣҲΪ״̨
սϵ磡
ԭڵѾΪ˵͵磬ֻǿĵط
ˣ۴˵ķǽܣ
׽ϺʥҲѡ˽ܣϾǿóûƭǣοΪ׵ԶλҪɱǵĻոǾѾ˲֪ٴΡ
ǣһζûг֣Ϊ׸м֣ͬҲмڶ˵ѡ
ʵҲȷʵм˵ѣҲû˵ѣֻǱıһԼ˼˵ץסʥǿ̬һ׶ѡ
Ϊǿߣʲôطʲô״̬һһ̬
˵ʥ֪жã͹֮ǰ֮ͥǰԼֳͥѹʥΪͥǿϽ綼ǿĴڡ
ܹͥĻǾлٶȽٶԼʵҲллԳףȡ֮ͥΪ
Ȼȡ֮ͥλãҪǴǵ뷨жѣһֱŪ׵ֶ֮ǰϵİСʥʥλ⣬ûһҶ׷
ܺãȻѾ˾ôϸЩԼȻǩǵְɡһ˵ţһ߽ոٻֽŵ˹ȥ
ֽŵݺܼ򵥣λΪˣκ飬Դ˻ǲԼպǵʳסе⡣
ΪʥλĴڣڿԼ󣬱ΪԼۻˣϸĿһ󣬷ȴǾġ
Ϊˣ۲ǿЦ𣿡
ǿʥȻҪˡҲ
ʥ׶Ժһϸһ¶׵ĴȻС
ˣͬ⣡
ддˡ
ʥһջ׸Լ֮³Ϊ׵ˣλˡ
λˣİڸ׽ս׶а취ɱУǰǰûɵ
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飡飡
ʥǧֺͻȻܿƵĶ׹ڵأȻһǳǡ
˵׵ʥֽҳ£ҲܴܵӰ졣


67 յһ
һʼʱȻܵ򣬵ʥֽҳûЧʱҲȷʥֽҳһܹλ
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˵λǲģʥֽҳҲֻܹ׵ĵǲ
Уǲˣ˶ʮжԴǺҲ¶ɫˡ

л۴ˣ
Ȼλǲģֻܹͬ˻Ӧס
׶̬һ㶼⣬Ͼûа취ֻҪ֮У˵ɼĴˣǵɡɶĹ
ˣڴȥҾŮɣˣӦص磬Ȼ¼ΪŮһһڴͥȡŨԴó׼
ȥŮ˵ȴһ׮ԸЩţҲһЩǡ
ڿѾƿ˾棬ԼԼиеһ˫ε۾ڶԼ
Ӱİд£ܿʥ֮С
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ֻʥӰڹģʥؾû׵ĳҲֱ߽⡣
ΪʥͿʼʧȥˣߴҡԺѾıŶȡʥصȨûгֵĻҲܵõλĻᣬ³ʥرʳ
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ʥ٣߽׵Ҳܶ࣬˷ǳ٣ûһ߽׵Ĵڣȫ෴ġ
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ҲܵϤϢѵ͵͵һҪ֪ʥŮͬʱʥеĵһţ͵͵ôҲܵǣġ
Ҫһ㣬Ǿʥص˶Ƚģôʥû˳ͷԼԭԼġ
ǲĳһϢĳһҺϤҲϲϢɱ۾Ȼ˵Լĸܡ
˵ȻһȴһʣǾΪΰǹǿϢϤϲĸо
ѲɣǸǿϢǰĸʱ־ΪѰҰģ֪ģͻȻôһͷ
ԽԽпܣ˭ðôУһֱûб鵽ء
ֹһ̺Ҳ²ͬһѧõ׷׵ͷ
֨ѽ
ֱѧõĴűʱѧòŻָ˰ͬʱ˵ĿⶼתƵ˴Ŵһͬһ߽ǵѧá
굱Ȼˣ׸սʱѧڵڵһʱܵһǿѹһЩΪȽģԼԶ
ͬʱҲ˫ۣȻһֺǹס
Ǻܹ죬ΪаڴϲӡȻôһ
׷Ҳ΢΢һ㶣֪Ϊʲô֮񣬲֪ܿˡ
Сӣ˭ȻѧҰһ󣬾Ȼڸôһ䡣
˷֮һʱ䶼еӦôҲ벻ǰŮȻ֮ת
ðСѩȽϵģǿ֪׿϶ΪСѩ֮
ôһ仰֮׻Ĳ֪ô˵
ϸ˼Ƭ̺󣬾ʹΪ֮ı仯ôġ
Ͼ֮ʱ֮Ǻĸ飬תΪˣȻȽϴˡ


68 Ȿ
֮ı仯׺ΣһҲı䲻֮еĵλ
˵˭׵İ࣬ôԾ֮ˣû֮Ļ׻ˡ
֮ⲻĻֻ̾һȴ˵⻹ʵе⣬ȷʵɹˡ
Ӹո֮ķӳ֮Ȼǲʶ׵ģ˵仰ϣ֮ԻָһЩԼĴڡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôѧϰԻ뿪üһ壬ȻΪ״ѧЩ
˵Ҳ֪״
ոմӰУóԼȷʵϲǰû֮ļ䣬˲ΪʲôԵƽ󣬾ͿҪ׸ϳӣȻúõľһ
ǰڵ뷨ȫµõ
Ϊ˸˼ʱ䣬ױͷȻ˳ȥ
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ĳ֣нţ׸ոɢϢǳǿᡣ
˵˳ȥˣʥ棬˵صĴˣǱǿĴڶţô̵ܽĺ顣
ѧϰڽŵԵʣ˵ʱ򶼿ʼˡ
ı仯ЩѧǶףҲû˴ߴû塣
Щѧ˵Ҳһֻᣬǿעӣֻ࣬Ҫõǵĺӡ󣬶һεĲƸ
ԸйϵĴڣȻһЩԵѧǲ໥Աһº󣬶֪׳ֺ󣬰Ҳһˡ
ӰϣʮĺҲഺڣǰݵزǱֳʣô㣬ټòʣ׷Ȼǳ֮ࡣ
˵ЩСˣһЩʮ꣬ġʮߣżҰһ
ҲΪŰеػԴû˸Ҷ԰ǿȻǿʳϣͱʳˡ
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ǲС׶ķǳ
鼮пûʲôáĶͻȻ뵽һ顣
˵ĶⱾ飬һ飬֮о
뵽׾ٶǰһֱӴѧõĴš
״򿪴ŵ˲䣬ѧͱðһξ֮û˵ֻɻĿס
Щѧע£ǸǰȻһץһɢĹâ֮˳
Ȿһ֣ڵ鼮ĪĲһ¡
ãʥ鼮ĲЩ飬һʼճˡ
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һ鼮ֺʥضڡ
λӣ֪Ȿǣ֪ôƺףֻǳƺΪӣһ𾴡
УһȻСȴܵĵ׵Ȿǿǳ֮ǿǿԽʥڴ鼮
Ϊʥ޼֮һǸʥص鼮Щ顢ʥҲɹơϢǿ鼮ǵһμ
ɣⱾ̺ߣֻҪⱾ鶼ǣⱾ飬ô粻⡣ûнⱾǹôġ
׸֮֮һ𣬾Ϊһĳ֡
ˣ״֮ǰһ飬ԴŻ֮Ǳڼ䡣
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ңѧҲⱾе棬˵Ǵ󲿷ֶߣҲܵĵⱾǿϢ
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֮ת֮Ȿ鼮ֺ뵽ã֮С


69 Ϯ
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Ȿڲ̺ͬʱ޾ͨһ飬ô㲻ȥ鼮ֱӳΪλĴڣһֱʷǳߵλ
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⻹һСʯ׵õһʯô֮ʻǿû׼ԳλߵĴڡ
ִ֮֮Уӣ
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߲֮
ƾԼ⣬һ߶һ˵е˼͵ݵķչȴԼ޷Ȿ鼮ֻⱾ漰˺ܶ򣬺ܶû˵û
ڶʱ򶼻Ͱͣһ߶һ롣
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ŵʱһʼñȥ¼һȥضǿʼϸȻ
ʱǳ֮ҲƣҲģһͶһ硣
һʱ棬ȻʮͬʱҲ˼ĸı䡣
Щεÿһ˵۾ж¶صЩ۾뵽˶״̬ɴ˿ɼƵⱾĺǿ
ⱾӰ֮£ܶ˶ܵ˺ôǲ֪ģ۽¶ˮ
ΪʲôΪʲô鼮ݶ˵ôϤΪʲôǸϢҲôϤҵʲôˡ֪ԼйϵΪλйϵмûκӡ
һԵ׿ıֺ󣬾͸ȷ֮ϧ֮ļûٻء
ѾνˣֻҪȷ֮ôҲؼҲûйϵΪЩ׶š
뵽׾ֱߵ˰ǰ˵㲻аûֵģǵ֮˾ͳƺΪŮϣΪŮȻһص㱾ӦڵطҲŵһȥĵط
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ӰİУʥʥڸܵɵϢһǳľȣȳ̶Ȳڸոտ׵ʱ
׵ʱܵҪǸ߹ϢɵʱܵѹԵ
·ǸɵսĻ³ضǱѹ֮
Ƿ֮ˣߣлһرƣ֮ǵĳ־ʹŻ׼ñǰɡû̫ȣΪ뵽һ㡣
ʹ˭֪ڳΪ֮ͥһǿ׸֮ô԰˵ʶԵĴ
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һĻɵİҲı֮ȫ뿪硣
۴ˣǸ̫ǿˣǿӲôʥص󷨲ǡӰİлǺܵģΪɵʱѾȥػ󷨣ܿͻѹ
õģȻǿᣬȴǵ編ų⣬ֻҪʹһ԰ȥѾ뵽˶Ըķ


70 ˹ϵġ
ӰĴڣ׵⣬ΪӦñһ磬ԶʱڣһΪĳһŵ类һݶΪγ硣
УԵΪǿ󣬶Ӱ뷨Եǿеı仯˵Ǻܺġ
Ҳ˵Ӱ綼ǲ磬һλѣΪǶǲġ
֪֮飬֮Ѿתɹ˵ǰļ䲢ȫţҲֻһЩӡѣ׶֪ʲôʱܹȫָ
һҪǾΪ֮ҲӰ磬ʲŻȫ棬Ϊģͺñ׵һ׵֮ôǿΪҲġ
Ĵڣǲġ
ڰкʥǵõɵǰӰ磬Ҳֻ׺֪֮Щǵͨɵ֪֮λãȻɵǿῪһռȱڴڷһ߸۵ܡ

ɵڣڲŵĿɵֳ档
ǡʥأпϤĳϢѵ˵ʥڵ˺ܶ඼ǳ죬Щǻþô£
ĹıˣǲŸոս磬͸ܵԵĹͬǵܵѹƣҸܵһƵĴڣҲܵңҡҺʥ˸ӦĴڡ
Ȼȴ໥ܹԵԷͿԲȫȱݡ
ܹȫԼôյ³ֻһﵽɣԶ޷С
һµ磬һӦ磬ҷ·𿴵ܡʥȽ̣ѾµһЩ顣
СʥǶµһЩ飬ڲȥЩʱǵĿɱ֮ġ
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ʥһȻǸ岢ף֪˾ףΪǿͥʱ򣬾Ͳһ׵ϣǡͶ򴫡е
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״ţǼǰľͻͥһͥɡ
ɶܹͥģ뿪Կ֮̽ܡ
׵ֶκ󣬼ս뷨ûУֱӾͲɵ˳ȥ
ǵĹϳˣҲ׸еһϧʵոĴ㽫ɵ뵽֮ͥУٻŵʱаðΪţ˭Էһŵĳ֣Ȼȥ֪ŵǿȣֱӾѡߣ⻹׺
׺ӰʥеҲӰʥҲŵĿɵǳˡ
ոɵֵʱǶôĲһ˭׽һٻһ߷ֱӰѶԷˣͻеӦˡ
ոնԷϢǿᣬ۾ȻһսңֱߣҲ˵۷ǳ֮ǿǿǶ޷⣬Һûѡ֮ΪСʥ̲סİ˵һ䡣
ʥͬҲ뷨ǰУҲǳΪеһ˷ܡ
ҲջȻһЦ
ϧˣǶҵĹ˼Ѿһز˵ͥ˵ܲʵȴǳΣգΪ֤ԿͥѰŻᡣײûΪǵĳ˸еˣͬʱΪһ鷳顣
˵֮ôСģƺ¶һоҪͥ
˵Щ׺ǷģѾҵ֮ҲʱѹеĵǣȻϸԪص֮С
׵ϸԪŸոջ֮ߣʵոգҪԸҵ𣿡
⣬֮ͥмΪҪĴڣҲǱɱĴڣĻǻǻģҲܹԶػ㡣˵


71 ͥı仯
˵е뷨󣬾ͰĿ֮˫֮ϡ
֮ڲ׶ӣֻǿһСͱͷȻ˵ΪʲôҪ㣿
ȻôʵģʵѾףô˵ոɵĳѾ֤һ㡣
ҪңԼģײûнʲôֽⶪ֮
˵˵ĽͶǲܶ٣籾˵뷨
֮ΪǶԵģô˵ǶԵģͬף˵ٶҲûκ塣
ҡ㣡
գ֮ѡף˵֮С
֮ĻشҲǷûż֮뿪ΪҪɴӦе顣
Уһ֮ͥ㻮磬֮ͥϾ磬ĸҺпĳһʱ©廹Ҫػûаѻ˵Ͼͥڻرǿ˵Ǻǿ
ңҪƾ֮ͥûа취ģʥصԼʥص
һλ磬ȥ˾ʱ䣬ʱ棬׻ҵ˸ʥʥӦ壬Ȼǽ뵽ĵһ죬ڴĿ顣
һĻʥʥٶȽʱҲûлԼĶ壬Ȼȫʡ
İУͬΪλһɵػһ׵İԶʱ˭Ҳκβ˭ġ
οΪ˰ȫӰİһͥԴֹ֮İҪսܣôٿƾƱԴ֮ȣֱñԴ֮뵽֮ͥС
ڵİеõɵҲɲҳͥ
ˣһе鶼Ѿɣͽˡһк󣬶Űнһ䣬Ȼʹ֮ӦýоŮԼľ˺ķֱӻص֮ͥС
һεĹ׷ͥԵı仯
ҸܵͥеŨˣҲ˵ڵͥôˡֱ仯ֱʹһԼǰ
⻭֪Դ
ԭ뿪ʱ棬ͥѧԺѾ뵽ʽʹõĽ׶ΣҹҲʱ֮ͥͥڵԴһ޴¥ѧ¥
ѧ¥Ӵ󡢺ΰǳĻ˭һۿѧ¥֮󣬶Ժ
ҹ
ͥѧԺ״׻ǱȽ⡣
վߵľŮʱҲĿתĶͥԺ
ۣ
װɣǰ㶼ôҵġ
ûȾŮ˵꣬ȴĻԴ˸ıһ³ƺš
˵ʵ˳ƺΪʡۡ칬֮ʱ׶ûоñŤ֮ôƺԼʱ׷ǳıŤŤ쳣
ðɣף
ŮʵҲʴʲôģҲеǱŤֻ֮ǰױֳôǿֲ֪ԼϤʲô̶ȣԲŲ̫ɵġ
ڱôһ٩͸оԼֽһ֡
ףԺܹȥ𣬱Ͼڻѧϰ׶ΣҶһ㶼˽⡣Ů׵ĳƺ󣬾һԼĵ⡣
Ů֪Ѿ̶ˣͻȻһףԼϺΰͥһԱ뵽֮ͥУ֪ԼǰһǿĴڣЩþŮҪʱģҲҪʱѧϰ
ı֪ѧϰ֪ʶõĵطĪѧԺˣ˾Ůں뵽ѧԺУȻѧϰһ֪ʶͬʱдһԼǰʲôĴڣԼͥĵλΡ
ȻԣѧԺҲκεİҪѧԺҵҪԼı£ȻѧԺҲõκ⡣ױôģϾŮ̫ˣǲþŮսġ
ˣ
ײԼȥͥѧԺϾڵݺУοĳֻЩѧģֱӴ˿ռ֮ţȻҹٻ˹
ף׶ȻִһŮ˻ҹ׵ĵһ仰Ǹֶ̾һŮˡ
֮ΪҲûнʲôΪֻҪҹĹ۲һ¾Ůͻᷢڲͬ


72 ʼ
˵ҹϸ˾ŮۺڷĲ֮ͬ
ţŮеرͥڵԶ壬Ҵûмǿҹڷ˾ŮĲͬ
ȻڲͬˣϾǰǿĴڣԣҲûκܹĳɾ͡˵
׵˵ñϵľŮźԺΪӰûй֮Ĵ˵ϾӰƻ֮磬һµ磬ȻԣȴûʷȻҲûй֮Ĵ˵
ϣվǰ˲ҹôԷƾ׸ոոЩʾҲܹµ׸ո˵˭
ԭˣȻ벻Ȼ˴ܹͨ仯Լ̬ҹһҲǷǳ𾪣Ϊܹеʷ֮УûһתΪʷ
Ҳ˵֮˴ͳҲǶתʻ˳ڣЩѾҹ֪ڲŻر֮
ǵ˵ʲôŮһ䣬̫˵Ļʲô˼
ϧײûʲôΪþŮ֪̫ûʲô塣
ˣ͵ΪֹˣҪչһʱ䣬ʱҹæעһɵĶ򣬻ѧԺ־ǰҪκй©ݣ˵ǰ׼ҵŮɡ󽻴һȻ۱֮ϡ
˵õĵطűİײ°빦ͬʱõκĸţΪԶס
İҪܹר϶
İɣһнҾͿˡҹӦһߣȻʹžŮ뿪׵
һߣԶرͬʱҲɵµС
Ҳ˵ֻҹʸף˸ûа취ͨķѰס

תۼ䣬¾͹ȥˡ
µʱͥڵѾͻˣЩǧͥѧԺѧǧ˺ʣµĶǧʮ칬ʮǵ
Щ˵İ֮£ͥĴת֮߳ϣЩ󷨵İͥŨ̶˽
Уһ͵ڶĿҲ˳ЧҴ˻õ˵һʥˮʥˮÿζԵֵһޣֻҪȡʥˮǳѣɼˣڴ֮£Ҳõʥˮ
⼸͵еʥˮѾٶΣҲ˵ǱҲõҲ˵Ͼٶֻɶѡ
УЩȱ͸ҹģҲ˵ҹҲһȡһЩֻǴͷ߶ѡ
֪ˣǲܣͥҪǣײûд֣ôȥԴѾõˡ
Ҫ֪ٶʥˮ͵ʮĿޣЩΪױԼٶȳһΣ׷ԼԪ񾳽ˡ
ҪʥˮҲҪʱģڲȱʱ䣬ԽҪչذ֮꣬ڳɾɾǰҲʱ򽫡Ͷ򴫡걾ˡ
Ͷ򴫡ӳֵѾʱ䣬Ȿ׵ĵһʥ飬ͬʱҲװ鼮ǰûⱾ鼮д꣬Ѿ
һ飬̫ĸ飬ҲʱˣΪҪһƪ¡
дͶ򴫡
ٻͶ򴫡ԭֱӰϸԪУȻʼдݡ
Դ칬֮ⱾľҪԽΪеĽѴǶǶ£տĻǸļᶨԼÿһ̬ȡ
дⱾʱ·Ҳһ
֪컯Ԫ뿴Ͷ򴫣ԭˣ
д֮ĪμǿƪʫⱾдͷ⿪ƪĹʫҲ˼
ֹͬһʮһзĦڭĦڭܡ
͵׸пʱͻȻһ뵽ĶУԭ鼮һ仰ȴһ˵˳һֱӴʶ֮ڡ
ڳˣ̴ˡʱ򣬾֪绹Ƕ㲻̵ĸ档
Ҳʹ类ıԽԽˣķ̸еĲܴ󣬼һˣҲͥԶҪԸĻֶķ̡
ôȥΪУԶԽͥ


73 
εᣬ̵ĳ֣һжԤʾʱǰһ󲽡
Ƿ̵ĳ֣Ȼ̵һЩǻúܶһַУԵҲкܶһ׷
ˣ֪Լܹȫ棬Ҳܹȫ棬ĳ̶ֻҪպãƲˡ
ȻװղãҲʹôѹ̡
ֻЩǺ󻰣ϾķԴأأЩöϲˣҲϲףֻҪ̵һϴԣһΪʳߡ
ķչͥ˵Ǽõġ
׶ʼ˼ҪҪһУȻӵħĿռ棬ʱ˵ɢҲø꣬ǧʱ䣬Զħˡ
Ƿ̵Ŀֲ֮һͻͬһѸɢ
꣬һһǳҪΪǱõķʵҪ֮
׶ų걾״̬˳Ϊ֮ġͶ򴫡һۣͽռȻϸԪصУʼһ˫ޡ
һ˫޵״̬һ߼״̬״̬һֵ꣬ͨꡢĳɹ
ȻײǴ㿿ԼĿ޲Ž״̬ģĴôһõʥˮ
״̬£׵ȻܹԪ֮ʹá
Ԫ֮߶ܿһСƿƯ׵ǰһʥˮֱӴ˳
ˮηɳ󣬲ûбȥֱӷɵ׵ؿڴȻû뵽֮Уֱӿʼ
Ҫȿڷķϲ٣ǿڷĻôʥˮȴθʼθ׵ǿ׵ǿѪԼ
ʥˮԭΪģвһʥˮٿͨʮʥˮ󣬺ɵľͷʥˮеԡ
ͨʥˮҲ˵һʲô
ԭһ֮ΪػҪþɡһͼǿнͥĴڣڵͥΪǺǿû𵽺ܺõЧ
ͥﵽеͥôҪǿͥҲữΪһ
ǵһãҲǵһػͥǳİȫ
ЩҲͲڼ˼ЩרĵʥˮȻԼ
ʥˮеǿڲϸԪ
Ԫ˫֮£ʹðʱ䣬ͽʥˮϡ
ٶȣԤʱЩͬҲԽܡ
ʥˮȴԼΪһֻ꣬˰ˡŸҡ
ҵԪ֮Ͱ̫֮ǿҲӰΪޣҲԽˡȻеʧ䣬ûеʧ
ð컻˾ŸµĿޣѾǷǳѵˣ׵Ҫͨˮ׼ôʥˮȻһΪ
׵պﵽɼô˵ǰ˾ŸµΪˣһµΪѣϾʥˮһһֻ꣬һԵ˵
ҪǻǿʥˣǸ𲻵κá
һξ׾ͿʼڶΣһεҲ˳ʱ仹˼롣
㣬ʱܿ͹ȥ¡

º硣
µʱ棬ٵĸѾݵ˵ĶУҶ֪ﵽһزǾͻᱻ翼顣
˵ѣҲǻԵΪǱϴ֮õܴ
壬ΪٵĴʧ˲ٵĸ֡
Ѫ꣬ױȽϿƵǵĽҲͷǳΣգв³
嵹ǻһ㣬Щ岢ǻкôЩҲǳη׽ٺپųɵļʾ
ȻЩڣǱƣǲܵ׵Ӱ죬֮ҪʶȹȥĻõӡ
Уȹ׽ٳΪʥλ壬ѾһʥλͱǰʥλĴڸ
ֱ仯Ҳһֺô
ɵǣոսʥλ壬ʱȴһСׯ
Ѿˣʥôûг֡
ҪżҪģͥƴ綼ͥƿ֮УǱҪСĽ
ҺͥڰЩȻǵļͱˡ
ڣ½ʥλ壬ڽ̸š


74 
½ʥλֵʮһʼòͷˣû뿪ΪܵʥλϢ
Ҳ˵ڼǡ
ʥλȻǣɵֵԭ򡣡
ҲʵڵȴŸʥλ֡
ɵԶʥλɱȣһֵĻʥλ޷֮Կ
½ʥλԽ¾ÿܣǲûż뿪Ȼôʱĵȴʹȥˡ
ļз֮УҲһ޴ıʱ̶½ʥλߵı仯
ɵǸܵõͥϢԽԽŨǶˣǶздţϾҲȱ
żǻȥӰһȦӰѾõ׵ľ棬Բɵ֣õܶʥλΧ
ȻʥλҲɵĶ֣ӰİоͲһˣͥϢɵҲöֻĴѰı
˵ӰıﲻǺܶ࣬ǶٻһЩջġ
ݡˮԴ棬Ӱ޵Ժܶ඼ûбɵеλõ˺ܶԴ
ƾЩԴǲ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱҲʼԼ
ѡȡֵĹܼ򵥣ǾȱģÿһɵĴҲҪʥλΪ
ʥλĻǾͻЩһԴ̵ʱʥλȻǵִʥλڰӭӵɵУһͬɵԶɡµֹͨĵá
ɵǿǹҲǷЩԶλֶΡ
ҲƾЩֶΣ½ʥλŻһɳ죬ȹ׽ٳɾʥλͬʱ˱ͨʥλǿ
ʥλԽԽˣһǷǵжѾ߸ʥλɵǱߵж
߸ʥλ˵ûκεΣգ㲻ɵҲ׻ɱǣǻҪȣͥ˳ڶ֡ʥǰһߵ˰еߣ˵ԼĿ
ڵԴ͹ԣҪһʥѾôˣԸͥĻûǧʥλûиͥʸ񡣡Ҳʥ˼뿴ѷʧ
ͥͳ֮£һͶǵʥλʵ̫ˡ
ǿԳȥһ˵ն׵Ϣһ㶼ûУҲæ飬ǿһ¡ʥһ
кʥûзԣҲûͬΪն̫ΣˣȻڶλһСҪǱͥץסᣬôɱҲ˲ش
ˣԸ⵱նΣʥеŵģλУֻʥΪǿᡣ
Ϊ˰ȫʥ뿪ʱȴͻȻһΪȻһɵڣһͨɵ֮С
ͨͨǿ󣬿԰һΪһһֻǻһʱ䣬Ȼʵ½һΡ
ΪλʥԼô౦ͻƵɼʥһҲȶʥλ
ȻʥֳһķһΪҪԭǾǰΣգɵֲܹǰȥ֧ԮĻǰٻ
ģ
ΣոϽˣ
кʥûзԣΪɹĻǻȡòСս

硣
߸ʥѾγһƣ½λΰΧСľ棬ȴûκζǸ֪һսѾʼˡ
һĻСׯľ³ͶֻһǱҺпܻǳɢ
īʥѾȷĻˣȥǻ׶༪١
īʥͥΪ˽ˣҲдѶƣԸϿɡ
īʥʧʧ
ʥλҲﶢ˺ܳʱ䣬Ƕ֪ڼźܴıưǣɰֺγǡ
ⳡսȻûпʼѾΣˡ
ˣҾگͥͬʱʥλѺͥҹʹáīʥ˽ʹλãȻһĹߣλûҹġ
ԣʱҲֻܹѶҹ
ҹҲûбѡ˵ҵеǴһɾ봫ݸףҲûǸʸҲûǸֶΡ


75 ໥̽
֮ͥϣҹѡ칬
˵Ƕ飬
Ͼ졢ء֮ϵѾʼϣһʼҹûںǵżȻһڶƵʱͻȻһЩе֪ʶǱ˺ġ
˺ľеĿˣΪһûлߣҹһʼзǳ˳ֱ˵õʥˮȻʱ㷢еİء
ʮʥˮˣҵҲٶһΣҪǣҵҲĴڣС˵ЩҲʩչˡҹ󣬾ٶʶĺô
ҲһǾҹǺǿˣٶҲǷǳ֮죬ʥˮḬ̶̇ʹﵽʮΪ
ʮΪǷŵһ˽ͨϣǿҪʮġ
ಣ
ҹĺôʱͻȻһȻǰΪһŽɫ塣
˽ķ鴫ѶһΪ֡ҹжʱһȻʼϸ
Ѷֲ࣬ȴǳҪīʥݹϢ˵Ƿ˰еĶ
ڵͥĵ˳˰Сʥʥ⣬ҲֻħˣħҪ磬ҲҪеĵһſԣ˰ͥĵˡ
ֻҪȥ˰ǣôҲͳȶˡ
ͥͷҪ˭ܹṩе鱨ضõĺôץУǴɱ˰Уôʮ칬ʮбضһģͥĳŵҲ׵Ը
ֻ˭֪ҪһǿҪȵ컹ѣֻҪһڰеϢͥŹ
īʥȻҵ˰е⵹ǳҵϣֻҪץס˰УôͥˣͬʱҲҵġҹԽԽ
˵ҹѾʼˣɲھ飬ҹͥСڼ䣬ѾϲоҪջȨ϶᲻׵뷨Ŭȡһ
һǽҪɵץסûκοܣԼ󣬱ΪԼԶԿͥȻʼͥԾȻĻʵ̫ץˡȻץҲıʲôҹյϢ󣬾Ȼһʼûܹλ°С
ô˵ҹҲദܳһʱ䣬ǳеԸĴڣǲԵ޹ֶīʥǷ֡
ˣټʮ칬ʮһͬ½硣ҹ뵽о¶һ˿ЦȻʼټͥ
ͥ칬ѾˣǲˣҲдˣЩ˵Ҳʥλʹͥ󷨣Ҳ˲˵ﵽʥλ
ҪǣЩγɺʱԶλԴ˳Ȼڶͥô˵λˣʮλҪ䡣
ͥ
ҹ´ȥȾʮʥλĹߣһС֮󣬳֮ʣµ˾ͶѾۼ
Щ˺ҹٻ׽Ȼһݵ֮С
еףҲΪ֮ܵϢͻȻ֮˫ۡ
ԭˣ
ҹ뷨׵һˣȻͶһץȻֱӴ۱վȻűһ˦ֱӰѱתƵҹԡ
ȥɣ󷨡
ҹҪһͥԲŰѴ۱ʱҹ˻ĹУԲȥ
Уҹոո׵ϢҲˣǾһжֻǰеȫףԾױǰҲûʲôᡣ
һҲöˣô˵ҲҪֻҪȥĻԿͬʱܹʹŶݼȥݰǵλá
ΪҪģֻҪΪȥĻôǾıٶҲûá
뷨׾ͳԶһͨȥȻֱϥ棬
ѾͻƵıԵֻҪŬһ¾ͿԳɾλֻҪﵽλôܶͺðĶˡ


76 Ը
װ۱ͳȥ󣬾ͼʼһߵҹڿ۾ȴͷųǰδеĹâ
ȻȻѱã⻹ǡҹ۱Ȼǵõĸˡ
֮ͥһͶ֪۱飬ഫͥĺģ֮ϣͿƿͥ
ֻҹŸûãͻȻһȵȣȻǿɰ˵ֻӦκСһˣʱȥȨôҲģֻҪĻ˵ͨ̽һҵ뷨
ҹʥûб۱ͻȻָͷԣܿ뵽⼫ΪҪһ㡣
ûȷʵϾ֮ǰԲ׵飬԰˵ײ֧϶ûô򵥡
ʵϣҲҹһ֮԰۱Ҫһʵ뷨Լв֮ģǶȡͥ˼ôȫԽһλֱɱҹ
ͥڵһʥλһʥλĲѾǺܴˡ
ҹĿǰһͻλĴڣֻҪвһĳ֡
ԭˣСȷʵˣ˵һֱߣһ鶼ȴδŹңҲҪͥͷˣȻĻ³ǲ̫áҹа̾һոΪ۱ļ飬һʱҲͶɢˡ
Ϊĳֶ˵һᣬһѡ
Ҫȹֻѡ񣬵һǲȥ۱һȻ֪ҹ뷨
ǣĻȻû֤֤ҹҪԸͥҲͥͷûĻҹɱȽΣա
ڶ취Ǿǳ׷ͷַƾԼ뷨ǲУҪԣֻԺҹſԼ뷨ȥ˼Щ
ȻĻȻǿͥջǿ
벻ҾȻ˱ƵزһˣպҼͥĴС񣬵ͥ˶ֻסҹипһ䣬Ͱзһԡ
һεԣҹһ˵ԼıµԣΥԼԣô˵ˣԼŹԼ
ȻݶЧȴѣٵҹԣȻ۱֮˸ܵ۱ǿľʲôûиܵ
۱ϵ˲䣬ԶҲ¶һ˿ЦݣոҹȫԸҲ᳹׶Ͼҹĵ뷨˭ȻԼṩһѵĻᡣ
ڿҹʱб鶼ѾˣΪںǳأϾԺ󣬾͵ѾܸףΪս鵱Ȼˡ
ֻǣõûа취ڷйҪ֪ȻҲһҶΧܶ
Ȼ޷ȥôҹֻܹȥ½ˡ
ȫһǶԿǰУΪ˽ƻץסļʺѣһҪŪĿģԼĶȻǷκҰаУȫɱ⡣
ҹһ˵ֱ꣬ӵһ˽ĴţȻеĹһͬ˽֮ϡ

˽硣
ʱʥķѾ뵽һֱֱӶīʥ˹
ʥǿǻҲǷǳģȻҲܳΪʥϺһ۾ͿīʥЩʥߵ졣
˫սֻҪնɱ˶Է죬ôԼĴѹԷʿöԷȺףͬʱöԷ־塢ηĵȸ
һָôʵȻ½
ɣ
ʥֵλñīʥߣټīʥīʥŸոշӦͷһ޴ĺѾץԼ
ãʥǹȻīʥܵ󣬵һʱͷȻҪȫ
ֻϧʥȻֻһһһɵɵôҲɼ
ǵ͵Ϯ£īʥǿҲˡ
ɶҪĲģ
Լ޷īʥʱ˲ʡ
һߵʥʱǲΪ֪īʥ׵ĹϵԣȻɱһīʥֵ˺ѷεʹܹ࣬Ҳġŭ
ԽʥǾԽˡ


77 彵
īʥȻöԷ͵Ϯ뷨ļʥһֱֺܽľ롣
īʥôʥôԼλĶֻ֣ҪСһ㻹ǲΣյġ
˭֪ʥȻǴΧģֱӴĸǰȻ䷢һ
Ĺīʥûеֿ֮
һߣʥ֮Ҳһ𾪡
ȫСģԷԴ֮гȻпռ䲨ǵȷֵʱѾˡ
ӦþɵĿռȼӹ̣λĴҲô򵥵ġ
ʥˣҲ˵ʥͰҲڸһ𣬲Ҫǿɳ֮
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īʥǿѾǱˣϾĹɲ˭ܹġ
Ҫ𣬻Ǻܲġīʥεı۾˵ʵĲ
ΪΪ¼պķչ
磬Ѿһīʥʶ磬ÿ춼ڸߵķչǴﵽһַ˼ĵز
磬ʱ˭ۿһ׿ߵǸز
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Ϊһ岢ʥīʥѾľ򣬶ҳΪʥλĴڣҪƵĻȻҲ޷һز
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ֻǣٶ˫۵ʱȴʥѾˣȡ֮һƬ޴ҫ۵İ׹⡣
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У׹֮£īʥĸܵԼõһ걾Ҳһ֡
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ȻûĽٹ˽磬ǵֵͥʱ˶ֻҪ΢עһµĻͿ֪ʲô
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īʥ˵˱ֺȻ𾪵Ŀҹ
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ǾڱϿŰɣηϸʱĹͣһǼ¼ġҹĿ𾪵ı飬θ˲ʹĴۣΪĲǿڵı
ͥĶӵһ֮£֮ϵȨʸ۱֮ϣ֮³ں¡⣬Ҳֻˡ
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Ȼҹǵ˼ⷽϣŻôϣҲҹĶԼԵ֮һ
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ΪһλĴڣһʥȷʵˡ
ҹ벻ĴڣȻҲͥ߹ֲõ޷ʥ֮λΪûһʥӦеıʡʥҲͬҹһ䡣


78 ӡ
ʥҹֺ󣬲ûеһʱջԼķΪܵõҹԼЩͥˣĶԼһصɵĻôǾͿҵɵλá
ֻҹĻãϾҹûдﵽλǿҲλĶ֣οʥʥеҲõ˼
ǣҹĴͥˣѾǴ۱ֺһоͶһˡ
ͥĹһӵһӵһ߸ˣǸ۱׵λãҲ˵ҹбھٻͥԴʥڱϳЦҹȴڷҹ״
ҹҲˣҲŪʥ״
ʥ൱һҪǱɱĻʧһ󲿷ֵǿ֮ǰҲεķϣҾ͸㼸ߵĻˡҹһ˵ţһ߸ʥһơ
ԣɱһʥķֵ̫СˣԻʥߣȻڶλɵλãɵǿһ
ҹɵеԴܹģһ߷ȻɵʧȥĻðʱҾͿԻָ㲻ɱңҲû뿪ȻǶλɵĻᡣ
ʥȻ֪ҹ뷨һγΪ˿һͥ׿԰ʲôתƵ˽С
ܹͥתƵ˽翴ôɵиĶ
ͥʱ˽磬һдܴɵպжͻǳСġ
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ʵв֪ŶݼסĴڣ˽ҹ֪ҹԸɱϵģһ֪ʥķߣôӦֱӸɱ˲Ŷԣҹȴһֱûжֻǲͣʱ䡣
ʱĻôͿ϶ҪʲôˣֻҪϸһ룬Ϊ˻׽ʥ
ˣҵƷѾҶϿϵԷʹĳֶηƬռ䣬ҵķѾǶĴˣƷҲԱʥֻ˵仰ȻȡһõͥϢ˭
֮ǰˣһͥĻôͻԱ
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ͥߵȻûгֵĻᣬǺ⡣
Ŷݼס飬ͥ˶֪Ϣֻܹͥдûκλᴫݵ˽磬ͥ˾֪Ϣȴ֪
УҲ˽дˡŶݼס󣬾ͽⱾֳһͥԺͥԺһŶݼװ࣬רŸоŶݼ׵֪ʶ
ԴٽŶݼ׷׳󣬻ԷŶݼ׷ţôһرʺϵˣܹڷһЩµϸڡ
Ŷݼ׵ݷʽɸģݵϸڻкܶ仯ױҲ˵Լǳóһ棬תⷽ棬ΪŶݼҪʱ̫ˡ
ˣһˣͥŲ٣Ժлˡ


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ЩѧϰŶݼ׵ˣǻÿ춼ժһʥëȻȥʥλá
ȻЩѧǵõʥϵëҲûκεЧΪ˫ʵ̫ˣȻҲһЩƲ⵽һЩϢֻЩϢǳ޹ؽҪ𲻵κá
Ҳֻе׳أȻѰʥɵλˡ

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ʮ̫ҪԸǣȻȥȴʮʱ䣬οɾλҲǿѡôһ·
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֮󣬲ûԤ٣ǽܵһڤڤ֮еڿ̽Լûз
ԭˣ벻ٶηͥϢ֮ͥУôҲ޷ϴ񡣡ûþԵɣֻԵǺЦ
Ƶǹƽģ˭ͥͳ˵һߺŵĴڣ˻ȥȥӭ٣Ҳ˲Ըȥӭ٣ΪûǸġ
׶ԼȻǷǳˣΪžųɵİտԼȹĶɲȥҲԵͥԴ֮ǿжɹ١
ٶ˵ǿǾĶ˵žųɰԼɹʮɰսɹˣһӵɼʶɹ˶֮١
ˣֻҪͥٵһôպЩ֪Լ޷ɹ٣Ƕɹټ̫СĴڣҪ֮ͥжܽѣǸԼȡʱ䣬ȻиİʱŶɽ١
Ȼͥ޷ɽ٣ôҾͳȥˣεĿһգٶȴ˵ݣȻص˽֮С
ΪͥµˣٶȻص˽ʱʱͶĿеһĲϰߡ
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Ϊλ˻ڴĻ԰λ֮һսл뵽ս֮С
ȻϣɰҲᣬΪѾʱֻɵ档


80 ħ
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ˣһЩƫƧشɽʱΧǸе𾪣ɵڶֵʱ򣬴ҾͲôȣҲôˡ

ƵĻۣĳ֣ܿһ֮˳𲢲𣬶۳֮
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ҳԵõģȻǸΪǰزĻԳˣ⡭¶׵еһ˿֣ǻشףһشķǳ
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׽ٵһԹǺǿڲͣ£ϸ׽ǵһصһ
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˵ˣǾڵص׽֮£׵ġ屶Ϊϸ֮ӣɲһһô򵥵ġ


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˳ɹ׽٣ҽԼϸͳͳȫʢʱں׵Ҳõ˳ɱֻ볹Щڻ޷
Ϊ׵ÿһϸǱǳ֮ҪǵﵽͣҪܳһʱĴԼյ㹻ſԡ
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׽٣ÿһض˵ôֻÿһص׽ҵҲԽ࣬ҵԣҪֵ׽٣еѣҺǰ׼ҩոյ׽٣׾Ѿľɵ
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׽ٸĺôǿ޷ֲЩǿġ

׶ɹ˵׽ٵʱ򣬶ʱһ֮뵽׵ĶС
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ֻǣ׽ٲǰսľˮģǸһײ˳򣬻˵û˳ֻԵĶѡ
һ׾ͼǿĸʴ֮ˮ
ڱʴ֮ˮʴǱ㴩͸׵Ƥ͸׵ѪС
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Ҳ˵׵ƤӲ̶ȣѾﵽһĵزһʼǰ֮壬Ҳͨĵǹ룬Ĺǻ˺ġ
ھⸯʴ֮ˮĸʴ֮£׵ƤڱüӲһǷǳļӲٵֵϼƷҲ˵ǼƷҲ޷˵ס
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Ѫ֮ǹǸ񣬹Ǹ֮ࡣ
գ׵ֱǿһߣһǴļӲ̶ǿ
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׽һѳɣ׽ѾֻҾزѾɷɣֻҪɹ׽٣ͻΪɣɣǵɡʱʮ㡣
һʼΪԼɣزʱȴԼѾֱӶɹɵſΪ˵ɼĴڡ
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ѵǿħִǵ磿
ĲڴǱߣǱ߿ʥأҪǱħŰǱѧôǷǳĲ
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׽٣˽绹ûгֹλ׽٣ǲ֪ǿĲ׽١
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83 
Ļһ˵꣬еʥλͶ뵽֮кܶʥλҲٸе
һΣٶȹʱ׵ĶɽѾʼˡ
Լ֮ٵǿԹѡɵԪ֮ȻʮҶһˡͶ򴫡
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Ǽ׽ٵԺǿ׸׽ٶƴĲǿȣǳ־֮
Һһε׽ٲ֮ǰǼʮ죬ǴĸСʱѡ
ĸСʱǿļֻͱ÷ǳƣˣҲû֮ǰɹ׽õô
ûκεĺôһǴˣص٣ҲĿ顣
һ󣬾͸æѴĴ֮ˮ֮ˮԼʮʥ컯к߽ܶ׵鵤ͳͳֱ뵽˿С
ô鵤ˮǻһɼˣòκκôܵصĴˣΪǵܲסôӳɡ
Ȼ׵壬Ծٶ༸ˮ鵤ҲԳԵȥֻʱһѡ

ӺֱӾͻָĳɡ
ոֻʹɵ˻ָĳǾųɣȫʢʱڲҲࡣ
״̬£ԼȫԼǵڰ׽٣ҲǸԵļ׽١
׽ٲͨĻ׽٣̺ŽԵ̺ŻգԼԪеһ档
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Ϊ˶Կ׽٣һͽ˳ע뵽ˡͶ򴫡УȻʹðңֱӶһʴ۵彣
ڡͶ򴫡Удʴ彣ֲ࣬Ժܶѽ֪ʲôԾⱾѾ󲿷Ҷǳ֮⣬Ҳûκһܹٻһѽ
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⵹Ǹ׶һЩϢʱ䣬Ҳͬʱ׽ٵǿ
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˵֮ʥʥ뵽˳Ĭ֮Уûͬ⣬Ҳûзԡ

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85 
һٷˣƷǳ֮ǿȥ֮ʱµض˲䰼˽ףΧĲľֱӱ֮÷顣
⻹û꣬еĻľϸ۲һ׵Ľ£ͻᷢǰȥĵ棬ñһ̫ͼ״
վڵĵطþ̫ͼ룬Ҳ׽Ϊǿĵط
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Ϊ߲ɫҲ̺к
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86 ֮
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˵ȷʵǰеĶӣֹϵϣ˰Сʥʥ˼ͥĴڣҲûһǰˡ
ڰ֮ô˵Ϊ˼ŭףʹֻöԷ񣬲ŻöԷ¶
֪Ż顣
ҪɵȻᶯŭˡ
ڵ̬ɲ֮ǰԼˡ
ڽΪλ׵ַ̬˺ܴı仯ܶĸ˲٣ϸԪá
ŶףѵԼĸ׶ˣ׾ǸףʲôҶĸףһ޷ϡмΧ
˵⻰ʱҲаչԴѰҰǵĿģֻûзκ쳣Ա˵һ顣
ϾݵҪĻ˵һ
Уҵҵ꣬ڶѾǵ㺢ˡһ˵ţһ߽ϸԪͷ˳
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ߵʥϽǶڵһʱ̽׵꣬˵һ׼ҵϢûУȻҹҵϢҲûС
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ΣУ׵ȻԼҲ֪ԼϸԪ֮ԶϵдڣǰҲ޷ԼϸԪκӰ졣
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ǣһת˵Ҹһӵʱ䣬һӺ֣ͥʱ߶ѡ
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иܵͥϢ󣬲ûлţ˵ͥȻǿᣬǿıԴ֮ɵԿ⣬Щ㣬ֻҪʧĻǾлߡ


87 ħڶ
еĻ˼ɵеʿݣϸеڴȻб
׿Щ󣬱㼥һЦ˵ǵ񣬾ˡ
˽⵽һȻ֮ͥ׼ӡɵɵֱȡ֮ͥС
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ħͨΪΰзʱһǰ׶ûС
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μҹˣ
ڶʥͷ˺󣬸æһȻѸոշ鶼˵һ顣
׶ɽٳɹͻȻΪ˲Źλѡħ磬Լߡ
Щһ˵꣬ҹĪսȭͷȥǷŭһ㣬ʵ˭Ҳ֪ʵ뷨ʲô
۴˵ǿܹģȻ۴˸ôһλᣬôҾ͵۴˵Ļعɡҹɿȭͷ󣬱˵˶ѾûͥһɵһӣŸոսЩ֮ͥٶȷǡ
뿪֮Щ߹ʥҲɢȥˣڰʧȥɵ˵ҲӰǳ
Ӱ죬ָǲõӰ죬֮ǰӵɵ͵в֮ʧȥɵǾֻܹ߹塢ǱҴˡ
ҪǱ߻ãҪߵĻɾ鷳ˡ
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Ҫֻɱʥλᱻҹ׷ҲҪ伸ʥλλǿԼ
ˣЩ߹ʥҪæȥã΢һĻ֪ᷢʲôıʡ
ô˵鷢չزѾû·ˣ˭Ҳ֪ǻ᲻һЩ顣
ڣܹľֻ׶ħ󣬾ҲԶ޷뿪


88 ħ
ħ磬౻֮Ϊħ򣬶κһ˵ǾԵĽء
ǿλСķˣֻҪ뵽ᱻɵʣҲҪãΪħȫԵ޷档
ǿλϵ۱׽󣬶Լ뱻ѹ˽ɡ
ˣҪ׶ֵĻҲҪ屶
ħߵӰ죬Ҳ޷
䡢࣬ħ磬ֲħÿһ˷绷£ǲŽйءڶ󣬾ͽһʥϣһεֿʴ
Χкܶħڻ񣬲׵ϸԪ֮ҲܿħҲûҽ
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ȵȣҵȫǸҾ͵ڸԼ鷳ħŭϸԪŭ
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һĻ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䡣
ȥɣҵ־̫̫Ϊҿһ֪ͨԼûĳɹҲڰ
Ȼ֮ͨݣ׵ݸ̫Ҫ뿪磬󿴵Ļ̫ǿǷƿıݡ
̫֮ƲĻ׻Ҫʹʱİ취

ͬʱ硣
뿪췽磬뵽Ǹ޴̫ʱ̫ʱͻȻһҫ۵Ľâ
âҫۣͬʱȵϢ֮ͥϵЩ˱âҫʱܵޱȵȡ
Ϊ΢Ƚˣʱ廹˲̶ͬȵˡ
ڡ
ҹվʧ۱ͥĴС񣬵ǵܵɲҲɵİĿת̫ڵλǱߡ
ҹ⣬ʱźܶˣӦ˵źܶɡ
ʧ˽һУЩõͥ칬ǣ󲿷ڱ칬ļӳ£Լ̬ת˰֮壬ǰ֮塣
תǵҲ᳹׽סպҪǰǵı칬Ȩǵ̬˲ͻʧ
̫ڿתڸһδ֪λ治ͣ⵽׷ʲô飿
ͥյǳǿᣬҫ磬ṩֽͥ󷨣ÿԵ̫
֮£ܹͥˣ֪ľֻһǱ۴ˡ
˸ˣ۴˵Ϣˡ
ڵɡ̫춯󣬲ûκε𾪣ǳϲ
ܹͥյȷʵֻһˣֻҲΣգѡҹķܵλ
ʱҹһΪѾˣϾħɲͨĵط׶ħ󣬾һֱû뿪
ºǶżǿġ
ԣҹ̫ͨı仯֪û󣬵һʱи̾һоҪˣСʥʥʧȥƾ̣ȴûס׵ĽŲڻûйҲ飬һˡ
ҹΪǸпͬʱҲΪԼп
ϾҲʥ֮һȨˣͬʱһʱʥ
ڣǵʱѾˣѾȡǵʱֻҪ׹ĻһоͶѾǳ䶨
ûɵİǣ׵Ķ֣οҲû뿪磬ǿԹͨħ磬Ҳǲȥġ
Ҫ֪ûǿԣҲûôǿϸԪһħֻбᡢɵķݡ
ͥת󣬽֮ͥһת뵽֮ͥУҪǱҪǿ֧֡ҹһȻ´һ
ҹ׵Ĵˣû˵ΥοҹѾͻλλߣͬʱ֮ͥǿˡ
˵ͥлӰλǱҹļӳ֣һļӳ֣ҹΪײʱͥǿˡ
УҹתҲֻܹ֮һٶĻͥͻʱܶ󷨶಻תʱҪǱǴȻ޷ͥӰ죬Ҳܶˡ


95 ֮
ҹϣͥյԪתٶȶʱҲڴݵһߡ

췽⣬ͥհ֮Ǹ췽̫Ҳ˲ͱ˽ɫ̫
ɫ̫һ֣ʱһǿķ籩γɣǷ籩ûþͻΪһ磬ԽԽ췽еףĿǾ޴Ľɫ硣

һ޺İ֮£ȻתΪһ޴ڡ
һ֣þ޴۾һߡ
˫Ŀ׵ʱ췽綼ҵĲȻǸܵΣա
ΪӦΣգⷽʱʹΧ˴Ŀռ䲨žʮ׵Χ
ţռ˱仯ﾹȻ˰ȫ򣬼ҲӰ첻׵ĸ֪ǿȻڵһʱ͸ܵı仯
˿ռ仯֮⣬׻ͨڶԻߣֻЩ͵ǰˣȻͨˡ
ЩΪܵвԿԱԿ׵Ĵڡ
ոյĽɫڣ֮Կ췽磬ΪԵʣŵ׵λã׻ŵĻô̫֮ڣͻṥ硣
ĻôɫھͻʧȥĿ꣬ʱΣҲˡ
ÿһ綼ӵ־Ҳ⣬̫ƿ뿪ҲˣΪ˲ɱҡ
ֻһ˲䣬ͷڵ
ףȻһ࣬һΪǸأ
ĵˣ
ȻһˣΪʲôΪĵˣϢҲ˵ǿᡣ
ΪʲôѾŵֻҪɱĻͻõǿô˵ʮľҲͻơ
һȺոյ࣬ڿ֮󣬲ûΪɢƸеη壬ÿһס
֮ûκη壬ΪܵϢǺǿΪ־׵ƣȻ⼸˲ŲҶ㡣
Ҫ֪׵ԣû־ԣֻҪһ˲ͿԽǰ鷳
ǣļӳ֣ǵɲλԶ첻ʲôвҪĻ־
ιСӣ㵽ǺηʥȻܹվߴΪĵˡһ췽࣬ڿ׸ںǵĿ󣬾ͷǳһ⡣
𣿡ĿɨһˣȻ˵Ȼϵۣ
һ˵Լţ׵ͳһƬõ칬վһЩ࿴һ
ϵۣʲôƺţŪǵ𣿡
Ҳ֣ǲ˵ˡ
ȻˣǾͲˣ
Щ׵ź󣬵һʱľǱˣˣҲûϾܹ־ѡ͵ĴڣǾ;ǿĴڡ
ǿ߲ҪҪ㹻ͷԣԼ侲˼
ߣ
˵ĳЦֻǵһȻ̧һӭս׼
ȵȣĬֵʱ򣬾Ȼܵһʥϡ
Ҳһ£ֺ֣ͨһַţĬܹܵǷ֮˵ļǿ
Сˣ겻򵥣
мĬ׵֣Ǳ㷢һЩ˼顣
ͨ˵ֻһֳƺţһŶѡ
ǣĬ׵ֺ󣬾Ȼһ޷⣬
飬ֱǵ߸ǵ֪
£㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪ粻õ飬ǱΪУǷǰ飬˵ǿԺƽ
գһѾٵվ˳
Ȼһͷ׷ȴǿƣѾﵽʥλҲֻͨʥλѡ
ּĴӰٰʮҲ첻κε˺
ҲܹĴڣǲ˵Ļ͵ʲôûзɡ׵ĿһˣȻĽɫڡ
ʱɫѾðĴˣһֿȥǳʵڣϵĽɫ棬Կ̲סĶĤݡ
תͷȥʱЩ췽Ҳ̲ס˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥһʶľ˼
˵ڸǲһ磬ȥȴǳĽӽǲŻеһ޴ѹ


96 
̫쳯ĹŴУھ̫֮ӣͥĵһˣҲ۵ۿڡ
еĶ̫һ䱾Ҳڡ
ԣҲŻ֮£һ֣͵ڻﵽһ̶ȣΪ̫
̫ʥ˶Ҫâⲻ˵̫ʥˣٿʥˡ
ɴ˿ɼ̫𵽵жôǿᣬĻֱУôɡɶҪ˲䣬޽ҲҪش
Щ췽Ȼ֪ں̫ǿ󣬿ɵǿڵ˲䣬͸ܵǿĻ־
ܵ־Ӱ죬ǵ¶ȶʱƤëֳһɫĻ档
ڵĻ־ȼģֻһС㣬ҲԷκһʥλĴڡ

˵ģ׿ǻԵĸ̾ãҪ֪ǿ־Ļ棬˵λĻյ㲻ҲҪش
λĴڣûдĿܡ
־ǣǸովʹûҲ޷ˡ
գǸողһˣǵʲôĻ棿
Ȳʱʲô棬ҹĵѲٻģ
˵ͻȻȻ󱻸֪Ҫɱ꣬һжġ
ô죬ǿǿԿ𣿡
һʱ䣬Щ췽˶ڶױ֮ˣ׵ڶûг֣ǾѾԵһˡ
һĻ־ǴҲûʲôô
£㵽ҪʲôѲǵ𣿡һȻ֪Լ׵Ķ֣Ǻ֪׵ˡ
׶ûж⣬߶ⲻرĴĲԣ׵Ŀǻ磬ǾͲͬˡ
Ҫ״磬ǾԸҲҪս
ܼ򵥣Ҫ뿪磬ȻҲͥ粻ʺҡ˵
˵ĿǰܵͥĹϽѾһӣֻҪӷѿôͥ
ΪӳɹóᣬһͥԼ
Ȼ㲢ˣ
Ȼ֪Ϊǵ磬ֻҪ²ǵ磬ǲԸ³ֵġ
ϣ¿˳뿪Ϊǵ룬ڸ뿪ǰǻۿϣ²Ҫ⡣
췽׵Ŀ£ǲδף׸Ͽ뿪
ǵı仯ҲᣬǵĳҲΪ뿪ı

Щ˵ʲôʱٶȷһ޴У֮ĳҲɿ
ڵкȻǷǳڴˣЩ췽ڵһʱ˫ۣǸոѾܵвȻȥˡ
־һξͿˣڶεĻ治֪ܻܲ
ϾѾ㹥ˣҼȻӵһ֧ĻһҲ֪ǵĴ㡣
˵־ûǣȻǣҲڵõ־İ
ɣڣ
׿ž޴ڣвͣź
Ϊ֮ͥʱѾ̫ˣΪͥΪǣ׶ȲҪص֮ͥС

ڣ׵֮£ڶʱ̫뿪ȻΪһ췽ײ
̫ƾ췽ܽʵϺԶ׵˺ܾ֮󣬲ŷڵλûû̫ı仯
ʮСʱײüͷԣӦôԶģӦԣҲûõġ
аһûҲͻˣ췽ȻӵһʱȴӲһ
ǰ㣬ʱֹȥһңǾ޴ٶȱһȻҡһ䣬֮ǰڱ仯Ϊһѳ
ⳤŴӵķƣ˿ȥĵһоǹӡǿ󡢷ֻһ۾ͷѽϤ
ѽģ۽
ӿ֮ױ֪ѽ
۽ն׽ٻʱ򣬾Ѿʹùѽ۵ۿ彣Ҳһѷǳǿĺ鱦
ڻΪѽҲȻġ
֮תΪĿľΪƿ췽磬һ뿪ĻᣬҪڵıй־Ϻǿ޷Ե档


97 ı
۽Ȼ̬ҲϢȴû۽ݵıʡ
ǣڱ̫Ȼû۽ǿ̫ǿӳ£ѽܡ
飡
ǰ㣬۽ݸǰʱǾ޴󡢷Ľ⣬ʱͲ֮С
䣡䣡
ܵ˹췽綼ΧĿռ䶼ʼòȶ
֮ϻ΢һģʱҪڴ֮ϵģͻֵᷢɽΪһͬĩһľ
вٵǳأΪҵĲܵ˲ҪҲǿߣǸոǹɲɲٵˡ
˻类˺ˣ
ҸܵһѵϢϵ۵Ҫʲô
ţȻǿ
ȻΣӦѾˣ಻Ӧǿ
ˣȻԷôǿȴ״̬ôٿԿ϶࣬ǽһӸ߼Ĵڡ
췽඼类˵ʱ룬м˿ʼ˼ΪôǿԼ磬׻ʲôӵġ
ȻҪһǼס׵ĳƺţǸȻܳƿڣȴмǿĳƺš
꣡꣡
˽׳ƺŵʱ͸ɫݣͻȻͬʱģһѣȻΪ·䡣
ЩȥСıʯ͵ǼµʱͻȻһӣͳͳ뵽ԼĹʱ֮С
ݵƬÿһƬ̺ǵʯĻָͷСƬһɼĴṩͻƵɼ׽ӹƬŪǵԡ
ݵƬΪ㣬Ҫ滹һ־־ǳǿ󣬻Ϊ֮ĻÿһСж൱һɼꡣ
˵ҪȫһСƬƾڲ֮ٿԴһɼˡ
ոգһջ˰ʮƬҲ˵ֻҪʱԣĻпܵõʮɡ
ȻҲܹ˵̫ԣϾɽҲʧܵʱ򣬾õݵƬҲûΪĵɣֻܹ˵пܰˡ
̣
͵ݵƬʱ̫ڷϷıݣ鷢չزڴһ뿪ͨ
ҿٻ̫ǱԴͨҲ޷뿪Ϊ˲ͻָ
˵ָıݱȽСҪԽȥǲܵģΪСݣҲǵɼԴԽġ
ˣʱ̫ļֳֵˣ̫ȼ£ݲųͻᱻմԸṩһͨ
պͨ׾Ϳ뿪硣
أ
ֺͨײûټ뿪ǽ̫е˻
Ҫ֪̫ȻٻģĹȴʵʵڵģҪױûκηͽȥĻôҲˡ
ӵͲͬˣ֮ͥպͥҲҪƣֻҪı׾Ͳܵ˺
ûͻһ֡
Ǽסҵţպٳ߸ͷһǷⷽ̽ǿ磬ôѰҵͽָǰĵ·뿪֮ǰһӡ
Ȼʮ࣬ǿĴڣôֻҪǺסˣ϶Ӳͥˡ
˵Щ֮ҲͲǵ𾪺ɻȻֱӼԦ۱һ̫ɵ֮ͨС
ʱ̫ѾСһҪ׼ȥĻͱλ뿪ˡ

ͨǰʱһĪľ޺ͻȻ׵ǰȻһž޿ڣ޿ɿռ֮ɣҧĻҪռ֮ɱƬ
뿪벻־ôбԡ׸ܵ谭Цһ
֮һҧȻ˲ע뵽۱֮УȻֱ۱Լα˲Ǿ޴Ŀռ֮С
׳ȥ󣬿ռ֮Ҳæտھ׽۱ı׵ûܵκ˺
ಣ
ӣ׾ͼԦ۱˿ռ֮ڣʱ˹ۿĻͻᷢΪףʱȻڴڵĴ


98 عǰ
ڲʹÿռ֮£ӲǿͻƿռķǿҪߵܹ
˵ոն¿ռģ־Ȼɹͻ˷Ҳ˲佫Լһա
˵һգþ׾ǴΪ״̬ǴԽǰǴԽûزʱ
ڴʱ˿̣һµûУָƤûһ˿һʱָûС
Ҫûİ׹˶þͻɢ
̣
ҺãײŸս뵽Ǹ״̬ӣոձȡʹݸһ
Ǻܶ࣬ȴ˶˵Ĺؼ⣬Ļܵõ˻ָ

ָܺԭʼķֱӴ֮ȡǿָ
ӵ˲׾͸æȡĴĵҩȻֱ뵽˸Уһ˲׾ͻָ˰ɵ
ɵҲ͵˴ѧʿսҲǳ׶ɹȥˡ
գոҿҹϣȻһĻɣھѾˡָ׾̲סĻͷһۡ
һʱ׵һ
͵ʹȫռ֮ڳһ󶴺ǿռ֮˲ͻָԭװ
Ҫڳʱһ˿ĳɣᱻɵĿռ֮£Ȼ׽ΪƬ
ڣ˿ռͨУͨıԵ̫ķգǿռ֮޷Ѿˡ
˵Դ׳Ϊٵĵһ٣ҲǵһΣյĴ١
Ѳк󸣣ħûɱң췽ҲûɱңôҲû˿һعˡ
췽翴һۣƾŸոջָһԦ۱˿ռͨ
ռͨƺܳʵȴǳĶϣֻ˲ӵʱ䣬ͳ׵뿪˿ռͨ췽һƬ֮С
Ƭ޵ĿռУ׵һ۾Ϳһ޴ޱȵĽ̫̫ͥյķҲͨٻԼͥǱ߰ոձ̫֮ͬһ
̫˵磬ȴͥ״ҲĸӦͥϢ
ֱ̫ͥӵĹϵֻҪָȫʢʱڣȻٴδ߶һǰ̫ͥͨǰ󣬾ʹ뵽һҪʲô
Ȼ̫Ȼһ壬Ҳֱӽȥ̫ͨͥе̫񹬣Ȼ򿪿ռ֮Żصͥ
̫Ǹƹͥյ̫Ǿʮ칬֮һʮ칬һεĹ
ʼʱһֱǿȱţ׽ԼͽܣҲСа
Са׵̳Ϊ˴ߣټСаǹֱԸ̫ȷʵȽʺ
һ㣬ǾСаԺǲͬʱ˵ԼˣȽκ֮һ
ȻĻ̫ôҪ칬ǾԲύСаġ
ڣǿСаʱȻӵڵĵطͥһ磬Ҫ̫񹬵ҪСаİС
СаǱ̫񹬵ôп޷ص֮ͥУ鲻ܷʲôƿͥ칬ҲǷǳҪġ
ʱţתۼʮ͹ȥˡ
ʮʱ棬һֱ۱ϻָ
ⲻ֪֮Уʵ̫ˣʹ۱Χͳͳݸףû׻˶ʮҵʱ䣬ųװָ۷ʱڡ
ָ֮ҲͲٵ飬ֱӽ˳
һװó󣬾ͷĹâ԰˲٣ͬʱϵϢҲٱһϡ
εʹѾˣûа취õ䣬ֻʹǰ֮һˡ
׸֪һжʱе
֮һȥˣڵ˵ȴ̫ˡ
ƾ֮һֻܹٶϵһͥҪСаûиܵ׵СаͥĻô׾Ҫٶȵȴһޱȵʱ䣬ȻܻһμʹĻˡ
˵һζ˵ҲǷǳҪġ
߶ƣͨͥ
һ׾ͰԼһע뵽֮ڣȻһƣ̫ķ˹ȥ


99 ֮
׶ʩӵǺǿƬ֮Уûĸ棬ô׸ոյǧ򱶣޷뵽̫档
ֻǣװ˳ȥ֮ʱɢһͥϢϢԺͥչͨͥյķҲܹͨ
֮ͨ󣬱һɼǿ̫ȥ
ẓ̌ԽԽǿԽԽ
ǵ뿪װ֮ٶѾﵽټ𣬲һڿٵûٶû뵽̫֮С
ٶû̫̫Ҳ֮ͬǰͥһ㣬ʼٵת
֮ͥǱߵĴҲʱܵһ㣬ܿͰĲͶŵ̫֮С

̫ڡ
СаʱƫڵһУ̫񹬵巨ţԼԼ̫ꡣ
Դ̫񹬺СаٶҲһǧڵСаѾޱȽӽλˣֻҪԵһ£ԳΪλ
ˣ
һ죬Саʱ̫ͻȻһҵĲһϤϢʱʹ뵽ĸ֪Χ֮ڡ
Ϣʦ
еСаһ󣬶ʱͽ״̬ȻվϢҪ֪ϢͲʲô˼
ʱƣСаڷЩĹɣǷ·ڰһ󷨱䶯ӡ̫֮ڵһ󷨡
һСа͸æóһɫ飬ȻԼע뵽Уʼ߶Ǹ󷨡
Ϊ̫飬̫񹬵Ŧøе۱һֻͨû۱ôǿѡ
ɼˣ̫ͥԶһǳǿƾֻҪ֮ͥڣСаλҲɴɱκһͨλ
ǰСʥʥǶ뵽֮ͥУСаҲƾűսһƽֵĽ֡
ǣ뿪ͥ磬ôСаܹͻ˶ֻܹеһս
Ȼϸһ㣬ҲǷǳǿˡ
СаĴ߶ܿһĻбŷǳûɢȼգ̫ǰۡ
ӺЩڱסǰ۳Ϊһ޴Ļ֮š
֮ɢżߵ¶ȣȼյĻ沢ǽɫĻ棬ǺںӵĻ棬ȥһɰηĸо

֮γɺͥϷͥնʱͱһǿƵϢһֱӳ̫ڵλýȥ
˲䣬ͱͥڵ۲⵽ˡ
ɫĻ棬̫Ϣ
˵̫֮Ŀ̫񹬵ķ򡣡
̫ǽɵܹͥ˲һҹ̫񹬵ĹȻҲп̫֮ܵϾ۴ϲĴڡ
Щͥ񿴵˻潵ٺ󣬶˺ֵܶ뷨еΪСаʵеΪҹҪЩʲôеΪЩʲô
Զڵҹ£ȴ֪ġ
ڡ
ҹ̫ºһʱһͷףһҪˣڹôʱһҵ˻İ취̫Żٶȳ춯
ҹϴ̫춯ʱ򣬾֪׹ڲԶˣ̫ڶ춯һ̫񹬽ϵɴ˿ɼһǱ߷ʲô顣
ҹ뵽һ㣬¡Ҳͬˣ໥ͨһ֮󣬱ֱһ̫ͬȥ

̫ڡ
䣡
һ죬̫񹬵ĹϷ
ܵǿĳͥ£̫ǱߵĲǾң̫񹬵ȴû˿״
ŻĻ棬ǱһشصĽɫ滨䣬̫񹬵ÿһ֮ϡ
滨ʱҲ漴Ǳһû뵽˹֮УȻΪһĽɫӿСаǰĻ֮š
һתȻ̫񹬰ѸոյĻתΪԴȻְע뵽֮С
Ҫ֪汾Ƿǳ񱩵ģתֱӰע뵽֮ڣô̫񹬱ضᱻɿ񱩵ʱСа˵Ҫڷ
̣̣
Ż֮űעЩɫ⣬ɫҲ𽥳Žɫת䣬ͬʱǿ񱩵ϢҲʼɢ֮ſʼȶ
ͣŬһҪɹֻҪɹĻʦͿԻˡ
Саа֮Źغ׵Ĺɲ˿ķɡ


100 
֮űɽɫ֮󣬺ܿͳֳٸŹֵķƣЩƻǹ̶ģڲͣ仯ġ
Ҳ˵֮ȻٸƣÿһƵı仯ôƵ൱ǧ
֨ѽ
ĳûãɫĻžʹһѷ졣
ȻѷֻǴһ㣬Саȴ̫ܵ񹬵ٱһɡ
֮󣬴ûһС֣̫һɵиǿȵģСа˵ǼΪġ
֮ͥϣÿһ칬ͱŸԵ׼΢һֱ׼ĻôֻϢͿԲĵ̫࣬ô̫񹬵ָҲҪʱ䡣
ͺñŻûд֮һ̫񹬵ѾʣˣҪôų״򿪣ôҪ̫񹬵ſԡ
̫񹬵̫ˣСаҪҲò䣬˼Ƭ̾ʹȥѰ칬İ
䣡
Ȼ͵СаҪʱԶͻȻһ֮ٵ͵ʱԶ뵽̫֮С
ЩİСа̫񹬼ӣͶʱָеȻṩɫţٶȴ֮һ
̫ܵߵı仯԰̫ҡСа̧ͷһϷȻжһл
̫ʮ֮ǰһȻ̫ǿ󣬵Ƶ飬ҪԶСаڵһҲ̫񹬲
ϸԱһµĻ̫ڻҪ̫ǿһЩϾʵѾλˡ
̫İǹҲܿͱþҾɫŵĳ״򿪻֮һ
ಣ
͵Саڶȥ˰ʱ߲ʹƿսٵ̫֮ϣȻ󲢿תΪ̫񹬵ʼɫĻ֮š

һΣ֮ڵõ߲֮󣬶ʱȼյļΪʢСа̫֮޴Ļ
ܵСаʱͷ˿̫񹬵ĴţȻ˵
Са˵󣬻Ӱ̫֮УȻ¡ҹˡ
ոգҹ߶Ȼ˹
ӵ˽Ҳܹһ˽ȻʲôûУʥ֮żһԶӢȻر࣬Ҳõġ
ʦĸǣСа¡֮󣬶ʱͺһǳεĳƺš
ҹǱСаϰԵĺˡ
Ϊ׵ͽܣСа֪ҹЩʲôԼҹСаɴҹɫ
ºˣСа˵ǳҪʦĸ
СаǸ𣿡ȻʦĸееΣںĵȻµˡ
ûӦʦٻġСаͷȻ˷ܵ˵ûв´Ļʦһ뿪ħ磬ֵһ磬Ϊ˴Ǹδ֪зأʦͥ壬Ȼǵ֮ţֻҪų״򿪣ôʦͻع飡
Саķȷ˵رľ壬ȷʵڵ״̬
СаһȴŸĻعɣֻҪع飬ǵͿ»صˣЩӰĶҲʱ򶼸ųˡôʱ׺˵Ѿǰˣǳڴ
ͥİ£鶼õĽȲҪչʾ׿һۡ
һߣȻһԣȴûκα飬Ϊһֹһ׵ĸףʸվѾǳĲˡ
ԣҲʲôҪҲõˣҲԱǰӺãǰ;һƬ̹˵ףҲܹˡ
ˣҲϣܹع飬ΪҪǲĻô֮ͥλõˣԲģµļʻռųɣʱҪ鷢չزôܵĴԲٱںˡ
Ҫ֪¿Ǻܲϲҹġ
ˣų״ˣҸܵһİϢڼŮ˸ԼʱСаͻȻһ
Ϊһ޽ӽλˣֻԼϵʱŻ˵ʧ̬
ŹϵףǻµĻСаҲἤʧɴ˿ɼжôףͬʱҲ׵ͽȷʵûаա


101 عͥ
޾֮У״ʱҲŵĿԶ̫
û̫Ǿ޴̫ͿʼתתһزͻȻͣ
֮һٶȻعƽΨ׵еţ֪̫ƽǳɹʧܣֻܹеȴˡ
Сʱ̫ûκεı仯ʵĸеһʧ䡣

Ȼ׿ʼѰһ취ʱ̫ȴͻȻһ޴Ļ籩
籩һ׵۱Ĳ˺ü¡
̫춯ûв´ĻӦСаǱ߷ҵȻڵҡײµСаǱߵ״Ǿ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ߵĿռ֮Żûд򿪣ֻҪ̫˲СаǱ߸ӦߵôȷԼԿԻȥ
ֻ޷֣ܹľֻеȴ
㣬ʱֹȥʱ׵ǰͳһС㡣
СֻС޾֮עĻ۶Կ
Сֺʼ𽥱ҲǼӵ飬Ѿɳһ˴С
ͥϢûдˣͥҿռ֮ţֻҪɹҾͿԷͥˡ׶Žһ䣬ͼԦ۱Ž⿿
ĸǰʱǽͻȻǰӿȻ˳۱ײϣֱӽװ
Щ׾类һƬɫ֮УС֪£ֻ޾Ľ⡣
ʱ䲢Ǻܳܿ׾ͻָӾ
ٴ˫۵ʱ򣬾֪ԼڵطѾƬ޵Ŀռˣͥ
ˣͥ
һбһ
˵ʵһѡ׹ħȡǵɵһǳΣյ顣
Ϊ׹ħ磬Ϊ뵽Ǹ췽УֻҪߴһΣա
ڵĵλ˵ûбҪȥðΣգպѡ
ò˵׵ѡûдȻ˺ܶΣգҲƽΪٳ߸ͷһﵽ˵ɼڡ
Ҫɹ˶ɽڼڣǾħ磬ôҪ׶ɹⰲȫڣٻҪµʱ䡣
ʦ
磡
ף
׻صͥ˲䣬ʱĸ뵽ĶС
гȻ¡顢Саҹǿ׻󣬱뿪̫񹬡
һˡ
׿ŮҲ֪˵ʲôãȻ˵ôһ䡣
ñط꣬þһǳ˵飬ֻڼ˶̫ˣһʱ䶼֪˵ЩʲôãΪҪ˵Ķʵ̫ˡ

ص
ʱУֻ¡졢棬鶼ûȥ
ȻżҲῴСаָһԼͽȥһǰ˽ʶ
Щ٣Ҳο
ֻһеΣǾǵٶȼ˵ʱ򣬾ͷԼһЩңҪΪڵݣΪҲûȥԻ⡣
ݵϢ֪֮Ҳʱˡ
μۣ򸣽𰲣
ϣ׶۱֮ϣɡǡ
ֻǹ֮񣬲Ҫ¹
ϾܹΪͥϵɡôǳȻĴڣй֮ʵ̫ˡ
οҲϲ˹ݣһ׷ǻָ쳯񻰵ٹ⣬֤쳯񻰵𣬽ΪһеȨȨͳε硣
һЩҪϸڣ׸Ͳں
ۣսħһУͥ뵽˷ٷչʱڣͥѧԺĳѧǶʮĿҲȡشɹ
ۣѾ׳ӵʥʥԼ뷨֮⣬ʣ¶ǵƿ֮С
ۣɵѾ㷺ڰټʱڣ
ۡ
׵һٿȺɡȺͥᣬЩɡæԼʱȡõĳɹ׷׸ףԴ˵õ׵ʶʹ͡
˵֮󣬾ѾȥСʱͨСʱҲ״Ҳ˴µ˽⡣
ܵ˵˰Сʥʥɲƿ֮⣬鶼õһķչ
ӰҲͥƿأ֮ǰµĿռ꣬ܶ񶼿ԶǰӰ硣
ϾĳޣǲûдӰĴͨȻֶ֪ɱ¾


102 ǿƳ
˻㱨ͥ仯֮ѯһ˵״
һѯʣ֪ܿͥȻѾǿλ
ֱӰķʥʥԼҹס
λУڵȻǿĴڣξ
Ϊһ飬ڵõ̫鱾ԴټٶȾͺܿ죬˲ŻΪ֮ǿһ
֮ҹˣҹǼΪӽλĴڣ뿪ʱ䣬ֵõ˿ʮЩ塢Ļ¸õ˼ԴǰͳΪλ
˵ҹǳλİԼסеԵʣΪѸ٣̶µʱ䣬ѾԽӰסʥ
ӰʥȻҲ磬ڵĵطʮ档
ʮеطҪͥе칬ͱӵŨܹġ
ˣҹٶǵ
ټųΪλûжʱ䣬ɾҹҲҪκһǿ
Ҫ˵ĻҹҪˡ
λһɣͥڵ֮Ҳʱȥַˡ
֪ͥڵֳһ˿Цһץֱӽһȡ˹
֣Ǿû꣬Ҳû
ʥΪͥʥʧȥһֱͥѧԺѧŶݼס
һ֮Умѧ⵽ʥĴλãֻʥҲλڤڤӵи֪ܹ׼ȷλãͨλҲ޷ץס
ʥ۴˹ȻҪжˡ
۴˻ع춼ûжһΪ۴˲ԸǣڿΪ۴˵УѾԶԸĵˡ
׽ʥķóɡ֪ʥˡ
Уڴݲȵı飬Լո˵ʱǿҲԿóڲǵˡ
Ҫ׼ǵУǾԲ˵ǰĻ۵ݶԣҪ˵ǿɾе㶪ˡ
֣
ٻʥ׾ְٻ˳
ˣ
ٻܿһ׷֮С
ڵɡٿ֮Ȼûκα仯жǼΪ𾪵ġ
ǵһμˣڴǰ˭Ҳ֪ܹתΪ״̬
Ϣ£Ǽٵλң޷͸ıʡ
ʱϢ˵һۿʱߵϢ˰ߣ֮塢壬Ұ޵ϢУ治˼顣
ò²ˣɴϢ۶ɣ֪ʶȫĴˡ
ɡ񣬶ڰƲ˵ıʡ
һ񣬰ԾȥһҪоһŶݼףȻٻ
Ŵ֪ʶҲȻֻҪܹͨһЩͿԵõȨ׽Ҫ顣

ǿˣ֮ǰǿ˲١һ֣͸ܵ׵ı仯
ҲǿˣҲٵһ֮УŶݼѾ㷺۲ʱҲй۲
һ׼ʱ򣬿ȥֻһͨˣϢеɷǵӶѡ
ڿ򣬾ͻᷢòȻûиģϢȴ÷ǳ£ÿһÿһж·͸¶ŴϢ
ֻǣԼ֮⣬˭޷ЩϢѡ
ҪһǵĽףΪҵ˵ı塣ݵĿһױ˵£Ҷʥķһָ
ָǩףǾÿһʱҪΪһʣΪ׳ѧϰŶݼ׵Ⱥ
ȻûΪҹƹ֮£ŶݼѾɽ˽ĸ߲б㷺Ӧˡ
ԼûΪҲ˵
ȻӦ˵ѾˣôȻҪȡĻˡ
ԣ
ûзϻΪͥƹ㣬ȷʵõ˲ٵĺô
ο飬ôķѾһ߷ʹãôıλã˵㲻ѡ
ʼݵʱڵɫһݣ׼żķ籩


103 Са֮
ֻ˶ʥһ㣬ʱһû뵽ʥڡ
ʥͻȻ˫ۡ
һЩ֪Ե۾󣬵һʱͷȴʱĶǰ˰֡
ȻĻѾдˡ
ҪС֣ڷҹ˾ȻҪ֣æֹһ¡
ΪһӺܶĴڣҹȻóһڽʥ壬Ҫʱ˴ϵĻôɾͳЦˡ
ʱ˵ΪһιʧܣȻ޷Ѱҵʥλá
ǣҹˣ
ԭˣлҹѡ
Щд㶯ֵ֮жһ֪ҪԼƻ£ɾʹˡ
Ҫϸһ룬ͻּᷢǶҲܳɹ
֮ϣ˭ǳֵĻֻҪһ˲ͿԱ׷סȻֱӱӡ
ҹǾ仰˵Ǻ⣬ʵ˵벻˵һġ
ҵˣ½֮УȻصĺΡҲ˲1ӵʱ䣬㷢ʥλá
ǿݣڵ޲׶ò
ȻŶݼףԼȥĻǵҪʱпݳʥλá
ʱ棬ʥпܸλãʵѡˡ
˵ҵʥʱ׷ǳĸˣЩҲǳĸˣΪǵȴһѾ̫ʱˡ
۴ˣԸǰǸץá
ʦԸսܻ档
ʥλòŸոձ˵ʱкüҪȥܻ
ѾǹһˣʲôҪȥĻкܶԸȥ
ΪͥˣսѾ׵ȨˣҪľ¾
̫Ǿ̫Ǿεͽǰɡ΢һ£ͽ½Са
СаǴޣķرǿͨǿᣬԾսʧܵĻҲʲôΣա
ѾﵽλİԸʥٻ£лʥΪǲûһ
ʧȥɵĻһһץһ͵ڻᱻһ򾡡
Уʥܻ飬кʥֻ֪ҪĻͲɵʥһ
ʦҲʧġСаõ׵ͬȻǼΪ˵ġ
һҹƬ̺ҲͻȻ˵СףҸһȥɣϾзǳĽթҲ뵽ǵ뷨ΪԷһһڰбǡ
ԣ
׵ͷǴԼԱǵģȻҹҪȥôҲͲҪȥˣԼҪϰñȥ顣
뵽Ͷһ㣬һ֮뵽ڡ
õ󣬾֪׵˼ʥһץ
һץ֮£ʥ˫۾Ȼץ˳
飡
۾Ÿһ˲䱬ըȻΪһռ֮ţ롣
ȥɣʥ֮صĿռ֮š˵һ䣬֮ʧ֮ͥС
ȻֻΪ˷

˽磬ɽס
ɽеһɽ壬һֱȼ״ֲ̬᳹ױըԲŻᱻ֮Ϊɽ
ɽ壬ﶼڽأȻ˭֪ɽɽףȻһ޴ޱȵıʮ֮ߣǧ֮
˿ֲı֪ķ˶ʱ䡢ġ
ţ𣿡
ʥڰͻȻܵһ˿仯Ǿ¶һ˿Ц
ײٵʱ棬ÿһ춼ĵʥṩط֮УҲûаĹ
Ϊ֪ԼķᣬжԻᱻҵģֻǲ֪ΪʲôʥܵһоȻһ
ˣ
һռ䲨Ĵʥʱתͷ˲Զա
ȻֻһСһ׷ɱ飬ױˡʥ֮еĿɬѾ֪ʲôʻˡ
ʥΪ׻ΪһѲĶ֣֮󣬾Լ׵УͥУѾʲôˡ
ҲʥķϣһҲ۷ӭս㡣Са˷ܵĶʥȻе
ܺãΪǰʥ֪Ҳ
ʥҲһȻԼ̬


104 ʥ
ò˵ʥ֮ǰ̬Ȼɥսʱͻ׿һУȻͷųԼٷ֮ٵˮƽ
ʥûеִλСаսʱе
ҺҲ֮ͥУ˲綼ֵɲݡɹԼûдﵽλͻָǳ֮ǿ
УΪ̫֮Савݻɽ˵ʥѡ̫㱳ˡ

һߣһǳ޵ĵص׶Ѩ֮С
кʥһ޴󱦾ۿСаʥս
ǸŮ׵ͽܣ벻ڶ̶̼ʱ䣬Ȼõ˸ʥһսͥȻǳǿ󡣡ʥ󣬶˭˭Ӯˡ
زͥѾƲɵˣһڶ಻ǵСŮǿᵽزôʥǼȥʲôá
ɵߣʲôá
ӵɵֻܹ˽綫أȻҲǱ뵽Ӱȥأ鲻һӵģΪͥĳɳٶǵİٱϡ
һζĶ˵˾
ˣڵͥѾǿԿˣҵ뷨ûд׾ԲҵĶףӦԶʱڵĳһǿתȻõǸʱڵǿ֪ʶŵڵĳɾ͡д˿̫뷨ЩΪ׵
ףеĶӣôⶼܡ
뷨һУǰΪܣΪǸܵ׵Ϣһֱûиı
ھ˼ô룬ҲҼ˵ˣ˵Ļ͵ڸͥԣǿǾԵ
Уô졣ʥʱҲ֪̫Ǻˡ
ڸͥԵ֮Уǰиǳ⣬ʥҲֻܹϣмʲôõĽˡ
Ҳûκΰ취󣬵Ѿûǵ֮ˣӵӰ֮УҵҲ顣εҡҡͷԼһƶѾˡ
ĿǰڵģʥصʱûʥλɱףʱǲĻлɱס
ڵĻģҲûǸˡ
ʲôĻʲô𡣡ʥҲһ㶣Ҳû뵽жûа취ˡ
ԭˣ
ʥʱҲȥ룬ȻȻֱ߳˲֮ء

ɽڡ
Саʥһսֱӻȥ֮һɽ
ɽµıҲ״ϣɽ״ɽϣɽСаͨΪһС̫Ȼһʥ
ʥڲȫʢʱڣʧȥһɲǶ̶һʱԻָġ
СаȻλӵߡ˸شλͨͨʹóʥҲˡ
ʥ򲻹СаҲܹߵģȻڱҹʥ֪Լûһ˿һߵĿԡ
ΪҲֻսһ̶
飡
һػ֮£һʥֱӾͱˣΪСа̫顣
̫֮£˵ʥȫʢʱˣͻƵɣɾɣٵǽɣҪܵش
ڣʥֻһͨλ̫ȡ
ʥڵңҪǲͥĻҲܰɱСаʹ̫ʥ󣬶ʱҲε̾һ
˵ģΪһͨߣСа޷ʥģΪ̫ǾôʥСаһȽףҲСаĶ֡
ҴûкڸͥԹֻûܹף䵽ڵزʥ˵һ䣬Ȼ۾
Са֪˼ΪأҲֱ̫ȡʥ
СаʱȻùҶû뵽㾹Ȼôʥ󣬾ͳСаΧ
֪ԼĽҪĻҼдʥֻҪѡߣҲסġСаԼȱ㣬εս⡣
ȥɣҲȴһִԻȥúĻò˶೤ʱͿͻλСа˵һ仰ͻص֮ͥС
СаִʵҪһ飬ԴΪ׵ͽ֮󣬻ûΪһ£ᣬеִȴˡ
ûִôΪȻھһСаλǿˡ


105 ׷ս
֮ͥϣڡ
˰ô򵥣
ǵѹʥ𣬾Ȼ˼򵥵ľˡ
ⲻǼ򵥣ǳɳ̫ˣ㲻̫֣ƾڵҲԻʥ
ʥʣ°кʥˡ
ڵǿʥжǳĸп
ʱʥǿֻܹʥۿǶǳѣͥĴ֮£ǾȻڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣӵ˸ʥʸ
˴ȵķתԿá漣ݡ
ͨȫ£˺嵨ٶȷͥԼ޷ôһţһ䲿޷ôһ䡣
׵ʥ󣬱´һ˵ǳ̵
Ƿͥߵ壬Ϊ˶žԺԴԴķ֣߳ױ´
ΪȻи岻ʱ֪ͥͨ״һ´ôв֮Уһ伯巴ѣҪǳָķߣпܻᷴѵĴڣǶԼǸɱҡ֮С
ĻһҪۣǿɾصˡ
۴ˣȻͨ棬ôأͻȻ䣬һδɾ͵λĵ·ѯһ¹顣
ͬˣΪɱ֮ǰϢʱҪͷųȥϾûһʵǰǻбнĴڡ׵Ȼ忪ֻڵȰˡ
ϾʥʥͥĴУֻʥûϢ׵ϣʥһץġ
ʥĻķڣ˵Ǹûκѣ׵İҵˡ
еĻҲرѣϾͥ˽Уźܶİ׼Ѫ
㲻Щ׼ҵѪƾҹԼѪԽҳ
ԭˣСˡ
Ǹ˵󣬾˵һԡ
ಣ
Ǹո˵ͻȻһȻֱ뵽ҹǰ
һ飬Ƿǳ߼ķ鴫Ѷ
⡭
ҹ괫ݺ϶ʱ¶˼ȺԻɫ
֮󣬾͸æ⵽鴫Ѷס
˼벻ѡ񡣡
׿⴫Ѷݺ󣬾ͰѷһӣȻݳɵǰ
ɡݺ󣬶֮ǰҹһ¶˾Ⱥɻı顣
ΪݾȻʥ˴Ӧ˵Ǵܵ۹ˣֱڵ۶Ϸ׵֣ϣ׿Ըһս
ʥ˵۷׵Ĳ಻һ㣬ڸ׵Ѱ·
ֻϸĻͻᷢ׶ɽٳɹ˸ֱ֪ӳΪ˵ɣٰǶΪ׻ɵΪ
ʥ˵Ϊɣб´ħҲһɶѣѾ۷ˣ˲һɵʤ㶼ûС
ˣŻ顣
۴ˣֻһΪ΢棬ԸֻһսСȥ
۴ˣǱǾǰǴܵ۹ʥȻڴܵ۶ڷ߸ȥ
۴ˣұΪ´ִۣʥҲӦȥܻá
ڶ񿴵˴Ѷݺ󣬶ʼٶս
սԭкܶ࣬һΪ˱һԼһܲӡһΪ¹ͣͥѾԽԽȶˣֹպǺ
֮⣬һ㣬ǾǶ뿴ԼڵΣͥôʱУЩ˺ü˵ûдﵽλ칬ķļӳ֮£Ѿ˸λһս
飬κһμӴ˴֮ս
ʥΪһ۷ĴڣͬʱͥĶ棬Ķֳ˰֮⣬ѾҲûһˣʩᣬôһ͸ã
һʥͳΪͥɡеı
˵֮󣬾ͿʼСĵĴ׵ı飬Ҫ׵ıзһ״˭
Ȼ͵Ƕʱȴҡҡͷ˵ʥұʱ㹻أһǰԴ˻顣
뵽ɽ飬Ż


106 ת
ɽ֮ʱʥжûټףΨʥʱӦء
˵׵ûôǿᣬΪ׸õõʥĵλ
Եʣʥڶ棬ҲӦΪҲӦеء
۴ˣڵݡ
ö˵ˣһӭսʥˣȻ֪֮Ĳ࣬ұ˲ϣʥôֻǱйƻĵùѡ
ֹЩҪȰԼȻֱӴ۱վ
ಣ
׵ܿһ׸ס׾ֱӴͥУ͵˴ܵ۹Ϸ

ܵ۹۶
Ĵܵ۹ܵ׵Ӱ죬֮ʢɵҲǳķ٣Եʥ۶Ϸ֮۶Ŀ⡣
ߡԼ˵ǣ˵۶ϷȻĶϷʥ
ʱʥѾ̬ˣһ޴ĺɫ롣
޴ǰ˵вҪսһǶûǰǧףͻᱻǿλϢ
ڴܵ۹Ļʵۺ͸߹ǣȻʥǶ֪ͥ뷨ԲԳ֡
Ϊһ۹ĸ߲㣬Ȼ֪ͥСʥʥǵĹϵ˵ͣĸͥԣǴܵ۹ĸ߲ȴڣ׶ŲһĹϵ
һĸףг𣬾ܵ۹ֱɱǣɱ˵ĻûӵôϾ׸ôޣ˭ӦûҪԼԱŶԡ
쿴ռ䴫һ⡣
ˣͥˡ
ڴһʱһǾʱʥһǴ۸
۸õܶľ顣
ּսǧѵһģպҲûĻˡ
ǶˣȻлս
ܵ۹Ƕǳ˷ܡ
ǵǵҫʱЩ˶˷ܵĲգ۾
ҪԽһս
һĴܿ׾ͳĲԶ
ʥʥƺѾʺ
ûʵϵ֣ױƺΪ
ˣҾ֪ġ
ʥ֮󣬾񶼱ú֣һʼͲµ׻Ϊǵ
ܾòˣ
ҲǸпȷʵܾûмˣϴ׵ʱҲû¶档
ԣĺܾûˡ
ף֪ԼĶ֣ϣ㹫ƽһսһսϣҵһվԵĻϣڵĹ֮¡ϣģǿһ

׷һ󣬱ʶһ䡣
µֻһǲͥĶ֡Ȼϣȴòô˵
ȷʵͥĶ֣ǿ¸ҵķϣһһλȥĻᣬȷʵ̫ϣԴһĻᡣ
ˣҴƴһСҡҡ޴ͷ­ܾ׵ĺ⡣
ѾˣԾ˵дʲôûõġ
Ȼˣôսɣ
ã
ˣ׸֪ڶ˵ʲôֱչս
һΣҲٻʥǹ
ʥǹ߶˼£Ȼֱӳ׵ǰȥֻϧȴûиκε˺
ʥǹֿʼ߶Լıֻͨ桢ǿıͨԴԴϵĳ׹
ϧʱûи˺ֻǷһЩνСͽûʹá
ʱȥСʱֱľе֮ĹҲڵͣ
ףеֶζþȥû˺һһֽҵɡһ֪Լ׵Ĳˡ
֮ǰΪԼлһսڿĻֱ̫쿪ˡ
ĵȥɣ
׶ͷȻֶһקֱӽһ޴ĺɫٻ˳
ڤ֮ţ
ٻĺɫţǹͨܵظĴţһ־Ϳٴ򿪣Ȼͷųһɼǿ˽ȥ
ܵظת
һΣײǽܵظֱӽֻ֮С
ǽǿʼպټ
׵󣬵Ķհһ漴㷵ͥ


107 ǰ
ѾעˣûҪɱҲˡ
Ϊһʥһǰһ䵽زѾûлȥĶˡ
˵ҪаᵽͥĿܣ֣ѾûһϣˣԶ˵Ѿûˡ
ȻײһҵĽ֣𾴣Ϊ˻ر̬ȣѡ˶õظֱӴֻеֻأֱӰΪ顣
Ҳ˵һȻˣһת磬Ϊһ顣
Ϊ֮еһԱͼĴڣпԵ컯Ȼصλ
һصλп¾ǰļ䣬ײŻ˵ǽһȫµĿʼ
仰ϣͬʱҲںܶϡ
ʣµľֻаˣ֪Ƿհһ漴»ص֮ͥС
λһЩ㱨֮ɢȥεĻ顣
ɡõ׵Ȼͣɲ˭ܹڴĵطĿǰԼ֮⣬Ҳֻҹ¡顢СаЩߵˣܹо
ڣ׾ͰǶΪҪһ
磬Ƕѵҵ˰еλã
ֻʣߵ֮¸æ˷ܵһ䡣
׸˵Ҫ飬ֻʣˣһǶԸħ磬һǰСʥʥˡ
ħ綼޷ɱףСʥʥֻʣ˰һˡ
ֻҪ˰Уʱʣħһˡ
֮˶ס
еѾҪˣһ˾ڣҲ޷ͥκεвݶҡҡͷȷʵٰѰеһѡ
һΣǴдһ飬һǵ磬ͬʱʥءؾ鼮дű֮ǰҪ͸¶һЩ飬ͬʱһЩ񡣡
˵󣬾΢ͣһ£Ȼʼ˵һЩҪдǱ顣
ҽҪд鼮Ϊ񡷣ⱾٽͥӦлкܶǿڣҲִķǵǾܵĵõͷ
һ˵뷨
ԭھôڴ㿪ʼдˡ
еķ񣬾Ϊ׳ͥⱾһԿԸͥĺô
ΪҪǣдⱾ󣬻硣
е磬׵õ˼ĺôεķУԿýˣлõĺô
Ϊǰסλᣬ׾ȸ˽һ·飬Ȼȥõʲô
磬źܶ鱦鱦Щ鱦㵱鼮дҲҶһĻܶ౶˵Ҫǿҡ
ܹǴдôͻǷԭͣǱҲԭͰ
Щ鱦ԭҪжһһõĺ鱦ôͥԴҲܹһѡ
ǴлȡͲͬˣֻҪͨʱ̵⹦ܣôֻҪлõеıôͿ԰Ǵ
УȻǿ󣬵˼ΪԼżĻᡣ
ϾֻһΣΪ˰סλᣬױҪȫ׼
ע⣬ûʤһΪÿһ˲صĴۣԡ
׿ʼһĽܣܴһʼľʤߣԼÿһη֧ебҪһһǡ
Ϊ˸֪ЩϢȥ˰ʱ䡣
˵ҹһЩرҪϢȥͥɡ񣬲ҸǷ
ô˵ͥҲһˣ߼ˣһȺˡ
쳯о仰˵ĺãŽ
ͥÿһͨĴڣͥѧԺڵѧеţ֮У˵õջ
Ϣȥ֮ͥڵҲһǳ˷ܣҹ֮£Щ˶˷磬Ǵı仯
ڰУʱǱ˸ˡ
ʥʥͥ˶Ϊ͸ֵУڸһȣԵνˡ


108 
Ҳһ򵥵ĹΪеķʵ̫ˣǰľ飬ҹҲҪϸһſ԰ȥ
һţֱӾȥ˵ʱ䡣
ʱ棬˽ٶȻָƽ֮ǰʥʥ˵ûκεĲ
Уһֱûг֣ûз
˵Ѿȥˣʥһս飬ǱǸ¼
һЩ͵С˵û׫д˺ܶ״սʥĹ¡
Щеޱ棬еаڣеϣ֮ǳַԼ׵ռٶһΡ
ǴߣǵĻ⼸벻ס
ڵǣҲΪǿĳУҲΪǣȡͨ塣
˵ǵĹģҪȵ۶ǿǴܵ۹Ļʵȴ⣬Ͼڻһ׵׼Ҳ
Ŀǰûͥ뿪ʱ飬պ¹ڴܵ۹ʱ͹һǳ룬ʧȥʧ
οڵķչƣ˵պΪһʥأһ˽ʥأǡǵľۼء
Բô˵ǵĳֶԴǼõġ

ǣ츮Ժ
ಣ
һ£ܿ츮Ժͷ
ͬ飬˺ܶԺ֮УֻЩԺû츮Ժ⡣
Ҿ֪ûѰңһǸûаҷУһпҪдȻҲµûд
츮Ժڵһ֮ͨУһòͨڹۿ칬
ȥᣬȴǳ䣬·޾һ
ʱߵĻһᱻոյĻŵΪովȻֱ׵֣ϣֱֵѾˡ
ɴ˿ɼԲ򵥡
֣ոһϢֻҪԺܹŵǰ壬лͥȻμһж
пʱһŮͻȻܽ䷿ݣȻѸոյõϢ֡
ԭˣȷʵһ컯ͷȻŮ뿪

ºͥһ׼һεִУǰδеʢ
Ϊ˾ܵĵõôϢ񷢸ͥˣжһ˱ѡ˳ӰҲ⡣
ֻһûиֻӰʥĺҲǱӵнĻᡣ
һ죬ͥ˺ܶˣǶһص㣬ǾǶÿһԺѡš
Ǹ֣ʱҲȺ֮С
ע⣬ǽҽͥʥأ֮У֮󲻵ôҲⴥκƷΥߣͥǳɾλ̤ͥһ
Щ˷ܵĹ۲ͥʱһѹѵ뵽ǵĶС
˵⻰ˣףµ
ҲǶһˣ˵ҲûгɾλȺ֮УҲκһ˶޷
Щ໥пͥϵǣڵһʱͣҲҶ˵һ仰
ΪһǵȻ֪ͥζʲôлһͥ˭֪ܹһӶǺõģοոյĻպӦûͥĻᡣ
ˣΪĽɣӶʸĻʵ̫ˡ
˵󲿷˵һССˡ
磬ǰֵߣһŮͣĶ˵⻰
֣ǰ׼ӵܣ۴ӵѪԵϵҿӸ۴һߴ󣬵۴ʥɽʱûм۴ˣŮ˷ܣͣ׷й׵Ϣ
Ȼ۴Ӣҡ
ң֮𣬶𣿡
ֱǲ˵±ŮôȻ˵עԾʹ˵ЩʲôɢһŮע
Ȼ͵ֲŸո˵һߣһͻȻ֣˲ͰѰΧ˸ǸŮҲһֻεĴץȥʮҡ
ôܣ
ȻûмˣϤˡ
˲䣬֪Լٱ¶ˣֻôҲ벻ףΪ׻ҵΪαװᱻʶơ
ûʲôܵģУ׵һڵ˰ֵʵݡ
û־ǰ˵ʥʥ䣬ûзԿͥͷŻαװԼȻͥıȡԴ
ֻϧ


109 Ӳд
еĴȻеðգҲʧΪһᣬֻû뵽ԼŸոһСͱ׸ˡ
ˣԵ÷ǳ𾪣Լš
ףҸıԼϢԼǿΪľǶļ⣬Ϊʲôǻᱻ㷢֣òʵףϣܹһ˵
ֻǣΪһԼˣһֹһҪɱԼˣ׵ȻԸˡ
УһжˣֻԭΪĺңϧԼȴĴԡ
˵ͱһɫĹâ漴һϹŰеľͱ˲߽΢Ȼͥϸˡ
ͻĻ棬òΧһôҲ벻ͥĵˣҲǰУȻΪһһǵм䣬Ҫıȡͥĺô
ǸΪӽŮʱ۾ֵĿס
ոû˵Լݣн׵֣һ̶֪׵ʵݡ
ο½׵ѾһĵزֻҪǸԺһ׵Ļ
в˵׵ֻ֣Ҫ׵ıˣҲϵóף׸ͷ档
۴ˣôǰУϢģǴСҳİְŮȻ԰еĻĪĸ飬ͬʱе㲻š
Ȼ仰ҲϴԼɣҪǱϹеôŮǳ׵ˣļҲܵǣ
ײ׷͹½ЩͥĳߣԼĸ۹Źǡ
֮ԻΪǰ֣һôкøУΪ㱻ɻ۸ӡ󡣡׿Ůģ͸һ䡣
֮׻ʹϸԪ֮ŮӴһץֱӰѰвץ˳
˵ͨ˵ͬͨ˵εģ֮˵֣Ϊ˺תΪޣҲԱ仯Ϊˮ֮״
ڣеˮ̬ͷ׵ϲͣ仯ž⾰ŮµαװԼŮЩ顣
˹飬ĻͨǸš
⡭ȻҶֽţŮ֤ݺмǸеָе־壬ȻһĽҡ
ˣһ̬Ȼ׼ɡһ˰еŮΪ鷳ġ
۴ˣҡŮ뿪ͽסףҪһЩ飬˳顣
ǣױŮȻǸŮǱõˡ
İɣ²㣬Ҳû˻ΪΪ㡣˵һ䣬Ȼͷصڡ

СףȷѾ𣿡ҹһ͸æ׷һ䡣

ҡҡͷ
ոգȻɱ˰еĻɻֻ꣬һ֡
׿Էǳȷеı廹ţȻҲǱɢģԼҵ˰еı壬ȻѰеıɱж
ǰиʥʥĲͬԼ׵Ķ֣޷̵ʱ򣬱Ѿ档
Ϊʥӡ֮еԭʼϡ
Щԭʼϵʹ֮£ǼȻԼսܣ;Բѡ͵
Ϊܶ಻õľԼǶԼĻҲǳĲ̡
УΪһλȴ˵̰ǲ֪γΪλġҹûʱ͸еһơ
һΰٰ֮Ǳͥˣʥλ򲻹ֻ廹ǿᣬ֣ô˲ͻᱻҷ֡ν˵
֮ǰûаѰзУʧȥôɻ֮͸ӵĲײκвˡ
һˣҲͲ˵е飬Ƕһץһװ˵ֽŵǰ
¶ҹ֮޷μӣΪҵϸԪ޷Ϊĸ壬˽һѹʱ̽¶һ˵ţһ߽ʱ̴Լֱȡ
˵ȡʱǾ飬Ƕס顢ҹǵ˵ȴǳټ˵װѹʱȡʱÿһĿתĶš
ҹڵɡҲɴ۾
ͬʱǻε֮УҪΪˣΪʱµϣıͱҪ²ſԡ


110 
׽ʱ֮̽󣬾ǻصԼλ֮ϣȻʼд塷
Ȿ鹲һ£Ҳ֮Ϊһٻأÿһµǧҡ
ԣĻⱾûСͶ򴫡࣬ȻⱾݣȴҪµĶ࣬ͬʱڲ̺ķҲͬն
̹ȣ̫
ܳ޻г͡
ȡʳ˻ǰ
ũٲݣԯֻ
︷ˮ鲨á

ͷһ׹ʫʫԵһ٣Ϲᴩ˷еҪ顣
˵ֻм֣дʱȴûǰô죬Ϊÿдһֵʱ򣬶мѹ֮д
͵׸ոдʱ򣬾ͷ֡Ͷ򴫡Ȼ֮з˳
ǡͶ򴫡ǸܵһϢϢص鼮ұҪǿԲŻз
ܵⱾӰ죬׷ԼдʱٶȾȻ
ƽİ٣޵Ǭߡ

ͦͺи̳л㡣
СӢλΣŽ񴫡
ӵʱ䣬ڽһ׵Ĺʫдϣд
ʱһɽбȻ˲䴫ͥܵӰ죬ͥڵ鶼ʱ뵽֮С
ȻǽȥģϸԪ޷Ϊĸ壬˵ƺܶ⻯ϸԪɾ͵һ̣Ԫֻһˡ
ѳɣͿԼ컯ˡ
׸ܵѾ뵽ʶ󣬾ˡ
УͷʱѾȥ˺ܶ죬Ǽ¡
ʱĲ̫ˡ
ˣ֪ò˶Ǿͻ΢ͣһ£ͼдš塷
ʱţܿСʱ͹ȥˡ
ʮ˻أ
ʮŻأ
ڡ
׷ܱʼ飬ڶ̶̰Сʱ֮Уд˵ڰʮ¡
۴ˣԲ𣡡
ʧˣ
ɶ񣬷ӡѾˣȴܵ˰㡣
ҺҲҹû飬ȻǾ͹һˡ
дʱͻȻмָǣҲ͵ʧȥеõôʸԼûͥǵ
Ҫ֪һͥǷǳģҹ֮£Щǰ񣬸ǽ֡
ףԼһжͥģҲ׸ģһķŭȥôպǾͺͥˡ
Һã֪еΣգûЩֻǵĶ˵ˣվһߵȴ
ǣл۴ˣ
Щ׵Ļ֮󣬾ԼλǱסˣֻҪջĻôгͷҲرĴ
ǣһջûУ׻᲻ŭǾͲö֪ˡ
ףҲˣ벻ֻ۵Ȼȥɵɵģȴôǿ
׳գǸֻ۵ˣеĶ㵱ȻĶˡ
ǾȻҲʧˣǻȥҪѵˡ
ܿ죬һѧб˳ǵĻ֮УõЩ˾ȻǱɱġ
Щ˵Ļ֮оͰԸеЦһʼ͸˲ܸеԣȴҪԣһȥҶ鷳ǾԼ
ҲЩȻҲҪ䲻⣬ȡһЩóɼ
֮׺ܿд˵ھʮ£дʱѾ߳ɵ˶֮б̭ˡ
ǳ֮Ҳ֪ڵľѾչ˹ؼʱֻ̣Ҫһʱ䣬ӦþͿԽˡ
һٻأ
Ӹġӧ֣ӽڳ
ͰЭң̳ƲΪܼҶรʮʼͬ
ڣдⱾһ仰
ˣˣ
д֮󣬺ܿһ֮ûûһ
ɹġ֣Ľࡣ
飡Ȼ飡
Ȼ۴дض顣
ϧûаպᣬǿ֮е硣
ԼЩ˽̲סĸп
Щ˸п׵ǿ󣬼ÿһγֶʥ顢飬Ҳ˸пһûаպûᣬʧȥһδеõôĻᡣ
ˣ
ʱ׷ġͶ򴫡ͻȻΪһ⣬Ȼֱû뵽ˡ塷֮С
Ҫ֪ŷĲȫͶ򴫡Ҳɾ飬ںϣʱͱǿϢ
˿ֲĲΧĶɫ䡣


111 ں
ף
Ͷ򴫻Ϊ⣬뵽ˡ塷󣬾Ҳ̲סɻ˵һ
ܵظûгֵʱҲ鼮ںϵֻʱںϵ鼮ʥѡ
Уһεںİ´ٳɵģһŵ棬Ҳĵظ֮ųɹںϳɹ
ڡͶ򴫡ڡ塷ֺ󣬾Ȼʼںϣ˹Ҳǵһο
ɻʱ򣬡塷Ȼ׵˫֣ȻзɵϷ
ȥͲ֮ͣתȻšͶ򴫡ݡ

ͻȻ䣬йγһ磬漴塷Լ򿪣ȻʼԼҳÿһҳֶʼ˱仯
ã鶼ǿ飬໥ںϾȻеݣӡͶ򴫡Ǵ뵽塷֮УǴɵ塣׿жʱеһ⡣
ǣ鼮ȴûа취棬ֻܹԼ
˵֮УʤǿĴڣ鼮ͲͬˣΪǺ㶨ģһǱݣҲǷӳٷ֮ٵٶٷ֮һǲܵġ
ǳɹˣ
ˣڻˡ
ˣҲɹˣֻϧȴûеõķ񡣡
໥ںϵʱͻȻм˵׵ע⣬ԭǾȻǴаȫعˡ
˵ͥ˵һǳҪ顣
ֻǣȻܴйеˣڸģǡ塷顣
Ȿ飬׻ǱȽģҪ֪ϵͲ࣬Ͷ򴫡͡塷żĹڣͥӡ
ҪʧȥĻôͥıԴٻʧɡ
ɵıԴ֪ܹ飬Ż顣
磬ʲô飿ʱҲߣСһ䡣
£ϢƶҪȸոս֮ǰ˲٣ʱҲּˡ
Ͷ򴫡ڸ鼮ںϣ飬ںϺ϶һᱻһɣ໥ִװ˵һ¡
ĻУͨʲôΣģǶ鼮Ƚ˽ˣ֪Ҫһ̣ôȻûʲô顣
ǣ鲻µĻôյĺͬھޣʱⲻͥʧԴ˵ҲᱻըƽʮԻָ
ȻҪǶͥԴĻôʧȥıԴ࣬ԻըȻָ
ҲǱҪסס̫̫ԡ
ǣֱӽһͨĹС
ΪġͶ򴫡Ȼ塷ںϣⲻһͬʱҲһΣաصĿ飬Ȼ˵Σա
ȴŰɣᣬ˵һ˴֮Уõʲôô׼黹ڱƴѯһе顣
˴磬Ǳ֮һδͥҪΰ磬׶ΪԼ޷μӵеϧ
ǣҲȥдⱾ飬Ϊĳֻ״ĺôôҪȴõĺôǿ׸ñд顣
ҪǡͶ򴫡ʱ׵ңոѾõĺôˣڵĻֻеȴˡ
һ϶ΪһôȻһΪǿ飬ʱ׵õĺô
ͨһһǵڶģ鼮ںϣıϡ
ǵõĺôûԤĶ࣬鱦ԭҲ߸ԼһЩ֮鵤ҩҲһЩ
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